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ҪˣҲͦõģܲʹĥˣҲЩҵˣͦõģоʶ·Ҫ׳ˣһͷ·һжˡ
Լ֮Уοһ⣬ƺǣԼ꣬ϵϷȻɳգ棬뵽һƬڰ֮Уʶ׵˳˯
֪˶ãεʶ˹оԼ·ˮУƵ÷ǳܣʶľҪ
ȻȻ֮䣬ͻȻǰһſڽУһ
һкڣȴһ۵Ӥ䣬ţθоһֻԼȻһŮ
ǸСӣ֫ȫָͽֺͷҲûʲô⣬ȥ汨ϲɣ
ʱܿԼڵĴԼȻػˡ
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ȥת֮Ǽȥˡ
һСӵĺӱϣһԼĪֻСͯԷһƵͣһʯͷϣͬһһ㣬һֳס˼״
һĻ䵽˵УֻЩЦһСȴȴ˻Ҫࡣ
˺ðΣͯ̾һȻһԵͣСһ䡣
ǵ취ȥ鰡
СͯػΣӦٽˣڵֽĪӡ
ػѾˣĪǹػ˷ҲѾȥˣһۣһǸĸװһĪӱ֪ⲢԼǰˡ
֮Īӵ˾裬ǰһϢըʱȻѧӴ࣬ƴԽ֮£ĿȾ֮£Ҳ˽⡣
ЩС˵дǴԽĹŴƹŴ֮󣬾һ·ң۷Ϸ룬Īһֱ֮Աǵġ
ǰȻʲôɹʿ֢ҲûзḻǽѵȦȴխĪҲһЩʷѵĿȾ˲ٵ֪ʶ֪ҪƹŴȥҪͷأʵס
ȴӳһ̿ʼʵѾ˵һ飬һĪӳʱʵѾˡ
Ŵ£γԱÿһ˶Ҫ飬Զһ˵һЩΣһļͥпܾͻӤĽ
ĪӷǳңԼػ֮֫ȫûһͱ
Īڵĵطºӹ壬һĸĸһͨũعӣȻƶ࣬Ҳǿȥºӹ壬ҵˮƽӡ
ԼڵĴĪӵȻǲܸеģǰȻƶ֮࣬󣬾Ҳûйˣһ굽ͷλȡ
Ҫı״Ī˵һܵ顣
˼һ˴ĪӲɵ̾һ
ˣȻǸͯҲ˽⵽Լڵ磬ܲԼ֪ʷκһһͻĹŴǳƵȫµ磬ܶණǰͬ
˵֣ĪӾͻʶд˿еĹ£ҲȫûȻڽҲûа취Ӵ˵Ŀ˽⵽Ϣ
Ϊ˲ֳԼ̫ڲͬĪҲȥЩ⣬ӵһ˵꣬Ī֪ԼҪǰȵĳɳԱ֮Եñͬ˴ϻһЩǧҪ̫ڲͬ
Խ벽ţԽһֻᱻ˵ӣرһ⽨ʱһСĻᱻʲô˵ͯʲôһũεºܣȻһͯ
Ϲˣ˼֮䣬ĪӸоϴϸ΢һᣬ㹳ˮ档
һԼгָ㱻ԼĪ¶һЦݣȻ󣬵ǰС֮УҲû̫㣬Ѿ㲻ˡ
·ֳòݾȻһ㴮ĪӾͿͣԼȥ뵽Ըһ»ʳĪ·ĽŲ˲١
Īӻص֮󣬾ͿһЩݣϴŴŲĸˣ̨æµڵĸס
ĸ׿Īŵ㣬¶һЦݣǽЦݾˣɫЩõĿĪѵ㾹Ȼܵӱȥˣ˵˶ٴˣҪӱܣȻᱻˮץߵģôأ
ĸ׵ѵ⣬ĪЦİݵĸ׵УȻ͹ԹԵվ
ӣĸ׶ʱҲЩˣ𱸵Ļټ˵ڣֻĪӵԴû˵һ䣺ȥԺɣٵһ˽㡣
֪ˣȥˣȥԷĪӲûߣǶĸһ䡣
ĪӵĻĸæĶͣһ£ͻȻֳһĨ֮ɫĿɨһ⣬ȻſĪ˵ȥүҰæˣýԷү£ǧҪܵүȥ档
Īӿĸ׵⸱ӣֱүҿʲô̫õ鷢ˣжʱҲЩ棬ҲʶȤûмʡ
ºӹһаʮ˼ңҪɣֻĪһҡĳ˵ºӹ尲õҲһ飬ǰĪһ֧ھԶĵط
ȵĸ׽ãĪӸոû㣬ûбϲԵĻƽʱԵЩ
û㣬ˣԣųԷʱ۾һֱĪӣĸЦŶ˵һ䡣
һĪӣȫܹ⣬ũʱ˲ǼĶҪзصͶԼʳҲǾҪżĶ
ȵ극֮Ī˳ȥȻʱУѾӦװۣϾǻһˣ飬ٻǸоЩӦװһװһ
ո߳ԼҵԺӣĪӾһߴߴǴĺͯ궼£Ͼ˵ĺ統ңһЩģĿʼе˼һЩũûʱ֡
ҪȥװˣĪӿЩϽӽĺӣһֻصǰ̳ƴʱ򣬺;ֲĵֳѹ
Īӣ氡ſڣһȺźԼһ˲ЩģϻűĺӣĪΧ˹
Ī׼ӭȥװ۵ʱͻȻԶͻȻһӰڷɿ߶
ӰĪһ㶣֮󣬵һο
Ӱոºӹڣ̾мѾڴڵȴǰӭӡ
Īӷ֣ǼڴӭӵĴ񣬶Ǵеĳод峤Զ
ºӹ峤Զӭ÷ݣ峤ԶľһʱĪӲſǸϵˣϾȻһɫĵۣòһԼʮߣ׼أһɷǵ


ڶ ľ
ĪӿǸĵʿĿ΢΢һ£֮󣬼ĵһŵ۵ˣһһˡ
ڴԽǰĵĹŴܹģ壬ҲüҾʵĪӾԼ磬ӦҲ벻Լڵºӹ壬ȫҲûһƥ
ǰʿŻ󣬶һɷǵӣһõ˵
ڹ֮˵ԽĪǲ̫ŵģԼԽĪҲܹÿѧķʽֻͣ漰Լ
ȻŹ֮˵ǶڹŴĵʿĪӻǺкøеģŴ޵֮׷ɣԾҩкܶĵʿ֮ҽܹʶĶ֣Īõȥ飬ǰǣ˵һ·
ۼİˣΧĪߵһȺͯҲȫĿͶǸʿرǿŵʿоǳЩ¡
ܿ죬ڵǸʿڴ峤Զ˵ӭ֮£ŴھһȺͯߵʱһȺӶԶõһߣĿǸʿиƥ
ĪӺȺվһߣǸʿԾʱͻȻ֮оĪĽţ΢оһ˿ѹ֡
ʿϷ·һƣͺǰЩþӸλˣȻȻһָ˵Уֻ֮£ǰʿϵѹȸУĪнӴ֮ǿһ
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Ƕ̶̵һ룬ȴĪӸо쬵ģ·һ˲䣬һ紵
ʿƥĪӵǰʱĪӵĿ䵽ƥϣ̸ֳ֮ɫ
⣬⾹Ȼһƥ΢һ˿˿ӲеĲһȦȦľƣĪǰƥȻһƥһƥСƵľ
һƥܹߵľٶȲԹˣ飬˲ĪӶ֪˺ܴĸĹۡ
ĪӵĿضƥԶȥľȷԼûпǾһƥľܹԼߵľ
ͨƥľ뵽ǸľĵʿĪһּҪ˽ĳ嶯һֻȣǰŴƵ磬ԶԼ֮ô򵥵ġ
װ¶½ĪһֱЩĲɵģΧһȺˣͯҲ̫עĪӵ
˺һĪȻɻȣȴѾ׵侲ˡ
ǵǴ˵֮еķǻ֮ʲôֶΣƥľģڳ侲֮Īпʼ˼Ÿֿԡ
ĪӵϣǴ˵еķȻΪĻζ罫ޱȵľʡ
ԼǰͷڲϵʱĽŲһһıƽΣĪһ㶼ȥָоˡ
ʱĪӻصУ߽Ժ֮󣬾ͿһĸߴϴŴŲ鲼ĺԺУӣ׺˵ĸоЩһĸĪɽ
ĸҲڸ׵Աߣ컹ûڣߣһЩ첹Ļ
סڴ峤ңѾȥ￴ˣȷޣٹʮ꣬˵ϣ
Īӽʱ׶ĸ˵Ż˿ĪӽˣҲ˵
ԭүȥˣֲãĪȻʱֻôһ仰ǶҲóһЩϢ
үºӹĪһλ˵߰ʮ꣬ºӹ֮£ÿһӶһܻͨ߰ʮ꣬ĳƵǸˡ
үޣʿһ£Ҳ˵ùȥģղţ˵ϣ֪ʲôϣĪţȻĪɽߣ˼Ȼ󿪿ڵ
ҽ쿴һʶүүǣһƥûгǵĴţ˵ģ˵仰ʱĪҲе㱻ԼĵˣҪĪɽõһЩϢҲֻˣ˭ڵһͯ
ĪɽͯȤĻֵùЦһ£ȻôֲڵĴָһĪӵԴ漴Цſڵ
ɵӣǸɲţǸܵÿɱţҪ죡
仰˵ڣĪɽͻȻҲ뵽ʲôϵЦȻĿһ۴峤ҵķ򣬻ͻȻһת˵Ҫţ׺ܶ࣬ҪǿĻͻ㣬ȻרСӣǧҪ
Ī仰жʱоЩ񺮣ԾŻСӵĻ˭ھСء
ǣǸʶүүǲҲСбԼĪȴȻװۣĪɽʵ
ӵĻĪɽһȴҡҡͷɫЩĶĪ˵λǸˣǧô˵λһҪԶԶĶ㿪ܿ
ʲôΪʲôܿĪȫѾƹˤˣװ۶ĪɽԼҪ֪Ķ
ôʣĪɽһԼţĪ˵Ǹ㲻ʶүүסĻ´μλүүһҪԶԶĶ㿪
ǣΪʲôǸүүܿ𣿡ĪӼԼݼҪӸ׵Ŀж˽һЩϢ
ЩʵĪɽʱȴͷ֪ӽˣ̰Ŀ⿴һԵӡ
Īӵĸ׼״̽Īӿ˵ǸʿүүϲС㲻ĻͻŹ㡣
Ī̾һԼĸӣԼװۣҲʲʲôϢˣǾװЩµӣѯʡ
ܿͺˣĪӵļһյ͵ƣ߷ǳĻ谵ûþϨˣһ˯ˡ
ճϢĪѾȫӦˣҹĪȴȥЩ˯š
֮Ȼ˵ػȻ֮һİĻҾһϱһͯһʱ֮䣬ҲĪЩã
ƽȻǲܵģʲôЩ̫СҲЩ̫ͣܽĻᶼûС
Ͱķչ£ϹҪȵԼʮ֮Χ˵ˣлӴһ磬ܹҵѧϰ֣˽硣
ȻҪô٣ҪộճͷأһҵҪԼĺۼ
ڣĪӵ뷨Щˣıɽһǣ޵ȲҪ˽磬֪ǲĿǲЩķ
һ룬ôʵ̫ҹУĪۿǰһƬڣͷĻȣû취˿˯⡣


 
һҹ޻ڶһ磬Ī֮еúϾҹֱҹ˯ȥҲε˺ܶǰӰӾ֮УЩЧ泡
дŹǷĪһЩ˯ۣϴһ£ܿͿʼ緹ˡ
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Īڵ˼Ѿ緹ˣڳ緹֮󣬿Īɽ뿪ĪҲܿ꣬ĸ׽һҳԱˣȥҴ׳ˣ
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Īڳ֮󣬿Ÿ׹ȻүļǱȥˣҲûѡĪɽ󣬶תһȥȻ˴ȦүԺӺ棬мҲǸߴڼã滹һſŵӣڻûг졣
ĪѾˣһҪү߶㱻˷ˣҲᵱԼСǰܵ⼸
ĪվһүԺӣ㿴ǸԺ֮У˿Ѿվ˲ٵˣݵϣѾ˰ײһ´Т
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ĪɽתͷҲϵĪӣڨڨһЦȻ׼ںǳһ
ʱ򣬾ͼԺſڣ峤Զ˽λ÷ҲŲ߽СԺ
λ÷ĪɽҪǳĻʱҲ˺ֻĿɨһĪӵķﰵƽôɶ£ôƤȥúúʰһ£
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һ׼׵峤ԶٴνĿͶ÷ҲҴߴ٣Цѯʵ
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Ҳ֪ǲԼĴĪӾһɴ䣬紵һ̣ԼЩɪɪ
ʱĪͻȻߴһȣ羪ը죬ԼЩ

һȻǴ÷Ŀзģһ֮ɴֹͣˣΧ¶ƺҲһЩ
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Ŵԣڳ˽Ǵϲ峤ԶҪ˵÷ٴοڣָָſϵĪӵǸСһнջƻ֮ʱΪǰ·
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峤ãүүãá
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үĪʶһͬʱҲеЩ£ӣǵһμĹˡ
үĪͷϴοЦݣȻתͷ÷ߵףͶ˶ƺ˵ЩʲôĪȴκε
÷Ǳȴ·ˣޱ˵ǰƷж»ӣȷǲӦŷ紵֮࣬Ӧõģȥɣ
ٴζ÷ߵףүվȻʧˡ
Ǵ˿ʼֽֽǮȵɫ׻谵ʱ򣬴Ҷʰãתص˴ӡ
ڻȥ·ϣĪɽǳŵĪӵߣһֱѯĪûиоﲻ֮ģֱǰ÷ЩȥˣͷרŶĪɽ֮ǰѾ˵ˣΰ·⺢û˿ĻһЩôܵӻܱССֵš
÷һô˵ĪɽҲǳ׷ˣһ߶÷ĵлͬʱڸֳЦݡ
ԼĶӲ£ҽ󻹻ڱӣССֵţһ°
Ҫ֪ƹŴ磬ºӹΧҲûƽʲôСӲȥģȵʵڿסˣȥϿҩֻҪ΢һ㣬ͨũҾЩܲ𰡣һЩ˼ҵĺӾΪزۡ
ĪɽɵЦӣΧҲͶȥĽĿ⣬жţ֪ͰԼҵ̶Ҳйˡ
ص֮ĪɽոҪĪӻؼңͻȻ÷סˡ
һ磬һȥҰݷãʱ̸Ⱥһ¡˵ֿ֮һĪӣȻתŴ峤뿪ˡ
⣬ҪȥҼңҪԼңֲ˵ʲô飬ĪɽЩĪͬʱָоЩֲҽס÷Ҳֻܾȥˡ
صУѾ׵ĺˣĪɽѰ췢ӣ˵÷Ҫ֮̾Ϳʼ
ҵģ˵ΪʲôҪǼң᲻Ǽʲôõ£᲻ᡭ˵ʱŤͷһһԵĪӡ
ģ춼˵ˣһθ·ûлкôõʲôССֵˣӦʲô¡ĪɽҲЩģǰοһ䡣
һװ˯Īӣ΢΢ЩϣпܾԼһᣬһԼôԼ߽һĿʼ
һҹĪӼҵ˶˯úܲȣҹĪӵĸ˼ΣĪӣĪɽҲ˺ü
ȵ˵ڶϣһһĸ𴲣ʼʰһ˵緹
ΪϵҪĪӼҽʳҪƽʱò٣˷һҲûжӣڵ÷š
ڵȴ֮У÷ڴ峤Զ֮ͬ£Īɽļſڣ߽СԺ


 ͯ
峤Ҳˣ÷ʹ峤߽ԺӣĪɽӭӣ֮һЩִٲ
ؿˣҽ㣬һ̣Ķӹɶ£ҿźϲ֪ͯλΣ÷߽СԺ֮󣬿ԺеˣҲûйĨǵģֱӿżɽԼ⡣
ͯҪҶӵʿ𣿡ĪɽӶһۣЩɻ󲻽ʵ
վһԵĪʱȴЩȻԼĲ࣬ȻԼԤ֮бΪӣܵͯҲǲģпѧԼѧĶ
ԼĻᣬȻҲܰһЩ޷ĥΣգϾǰλ÷죬֪ڶԷǸɷǵ֮£ǲǻʲô֮ǰԷΪֹĪӾãλ÷Ӧòһˡ
Ҳô˵ɣ⺢ӸߣԼӵ̣лԵôһ˵⺢ΪӣҪûԵĻȵʮ֮󣬾ͿȥʱԵѾˣ÷ɫƽ˵
⡭ĪﵱȻһڴӦĪɽʱȴЩ岻˶ĿһԵԶΪĴ峤ʱǺ¶ĻӦû֪һ
ȻԶһ˵Ŀ̶һţϣ˵ԥʲôϿӦǴĴ󸣷ְܸŵѧ£ֻҪѧһǰ㣬ǽɾ˲ˣûǸְݵΪʦҲл֣ҸҲѣ
峤Զ˵ܹ֣Īɽ˫ºӹΧʮ磬ܹʶֵ˿ɲҪǶлܹʶ֣ԺһҪԼǿ
뵽ĪɽæͷӦҵȻӦҼҺӾͰиˣҪʲôģʰֻҪ򲻲оͺã
һԵ죬˵ʲôû˵
ãǾͺӴӽ쿪ʼҾʹعе̡ۼԼĿĴﵽˣ÷Ҳ¶һЦݣĿתһԵĪӡ
ӣԸУ
ĪʱȻԥҲܴӦ̫УһԽӽɹʱ򣬾Խܹģڵһͯ£֪ʲôУҪһڴӦЩɡ
УǸʲôĪдʮ־һӰ۸壬ݼȫ汬аʵ
УǸѧһЩд֣ùİСӡı¡÷ϴ΢Ц˵
ĪʱѾݼӵ˼ޣֳ̱һСҵȤߵӣһĵ˵Ը͵ʿүүУһҰСӡı£
ãڸҿĸͷɣӽ𣬲ҪٽҵүүˣҹϣԺһ죬Ŀڽʦ÷΢΢һ㣬Ī˵
ʱĪӵȻټԼıˣǳɴĸ÷˸ͷҪ÷ѧˣȻûжʦͽ֣һҲӦõġ
ĪӸ÷Ĺͷ֮÷ҲûжֻͣĪɽ򸾼䣬ת뿪СԺߵʱѾ֪Īɽ򸾣Լʱ뿪ºӹ壬ʱŴĪӡ
÷ʹ峤뿪֮ĪӼҵСԺ֮Уһʱ֮ЩˣԼĶӾҪ뿪ԼˣĪɽӶЩᡣ
ĪɽԺ϶ĪһЩ˵˵һҪĻúøŵѧ֮ġ
Īӵĸڷ֮Уһ߸ĪʰһЩһ߰Ĩᡣ
ĸľٶĪӾ۵ףгܰһԼ߳ȥҲĻˡ
ʱ÷ٴĪɽҵСԺĪɽнĪӱŵƥľ֮ϣȻЩ˵Īɽ˵
Ҳˣ⺢ӽУ˾ϸɽ÷
˵֮÷ûºӹˣɿļ۶ȥ
ĪԼһҲûⷽ氮õ˵ʵһ飬ľ֮ϣĪӵ͸ˡ
ͺľϣƨɵ·ǳĵ߲ɽĸо
΢΢ĲʣûĪӸожʹ࣬ɳ۶ľĪ֪ܿ죬ԼҪ˽磬ҽлӴһص磬ӴԼǰ
ԼһСʱңƥľһɽǰͣ
÷ȻϵĪӱ˵ȥɣ·Ҫȥˣ˵֮󣬾ʹĪɽȥ
ǽҪɽ˰ɣĪӸ÷һɽȥһߴΧ
ɽʵߣֻΧСɽ壬ɽҪ߳һأɽһ͹Ĵʯվо߷ǳĹƺյľУԾɽƺ
ĪӸ÷ԼʮңͿڿɽƽ̹شм䷿ӣӦþǵ۵ˡ
߽֮ĪӿʼҪĵطĵطһֻ䷿ӣһϹңдʲôĪڻʶ
Աߵӣһ÷סģһǿŵġ
⼸ӵԱߣߴ÷Ѿ˹ʵļڣϲûйŹʵ
һ֮ĪӷĽȽ£ƺŸսɲã֮󣬲ûзڣԺпܽУֻ÷Լ
һۣ÷ҲûڸĪӽʲôֻǼ򵥵İһĪӵӣŵһŵķ֮УȻ󽻴ĪӲҪܣԼɽȥˡ
ʱĪӶĶӹУʱ÷ڻˣҴ˲ٶодõķˡ
˵۲ã÷֮УʱֻҶˣڴ˺ȵ֮ҾͿʼĽ㡣ųԵ̻ʵĪӣ÷΢Ц˵
ԭЩģĪ뿪Լĸĸ֮󣬻ޣȻҪؼңڻһ·ϣĪһֱֵĺܺãµĻ֮ҲӦ÷дһ
Ī÷Ļֹͣ˼̻ʵĳ̧࣬ͷ÷¶һаЦݣȻͷͷԡ
һµĻ֮УĪ뵽ºӹĸĸз˵ܰ
ԼػΪһǰˣȻûа취ͨĺûκģͽԼĸĸˣԼĪҲѾӦˣԼĳĽԼһĸĸ
Լûа취ߣҲãԼʼһǳˣûа취һݶԸĸĽֻܵԼǿ֮󣬺ǷһԼɾ͵ϲãǸõǰɣ


 ѧϰ
ڶ峿ɽ΢΢磬Ī߳˷䣬΢оһ˿䣬뵽ҪʼԼѧϰĪֹסлȡ
Ī֮󣬷÷Ѿˣ֮еһϣĴ
ĪӲûǰȥţֻԼ취ȥˮϴһú÷߳Īӣɵ΢΢ͷԼĪӻľòû
ݲݵĳ緹ĪӸоЩڴ֮£ڿʼˣĵһڿΡ
ӽտʼȽ֣ûʲôҪ£ÿ峿һʱʱ䣬вҡڿ֮ǰ÷ȶĪյ
ĪյĵͯҵӣҲڣ˵زãܳһЩʱ䣬Īӽн̵ȵպæµ¾ûôʱ̵Īˡ
ĪӿʼһÿΣγ̲ӣʱʱ䣬üֻĪ֣ȴǳķḻҲĪӿʼ˽񻰡
÷ýµķʽĪӽһ翪ٵص񻰣ͬʱ̵ĪдԼ֣֣
һȫµ磬񻰴˵ǰȫͬڽ˵һÿ֮Īһ߶ԺϹԼѧ˼ֵıʻͬʱﰵ뵽
ݸղ÷翪ٵص񻰣ġ
ޱ޼ʵĻ֮УλһֽޡһֽСһ죬λڻ֮˴˷һδս˫ͬھաλǵ˴˾һУһ硣
絮֮һжһƬֱƯ֮е̫֮ǣֻλͨߣڿʼö˶
λͨߣ̫֮е̫ס̫̫ʼ̫ء̫
λͨڵ֮󣬿ʼ컯飬֮ķһƬ״̬ķ硣
÷۵֮Уľλͨߣλ֮ͬ⣬滹λ֮ĴͨߣһһŮŮλΪ̫ͣеλ˵Ϊ̫һ
λĹ£Īڻû˽⵽ϾŸտʼһѧϰܵ˰ʱĽ̵֪ЩѾǳĲˡ
ԭĪΪһĿγ̾ˣ˭֪ʱֱ÷еߡ
һһȭÿһ飬ϰȭ
÷̵ĪȭѣֻܹʮڷĽ̵ĪӼ֮ĪӾͿģϰˡ
ĪԼǰĽ̵ȭһ飬÷ĵͷ
Īһѧϰˣݲ࣬ȴĪӶδڴ
֪ʲôʱܹڴϣŽѧĶĪӷ·صԼ廹ȽϽܹ׷Լʱÿһ춼Ǿÿһ̶Ƕ־˶δڴС
ڶһ磬Ī֮󣬶÷ǳģĵһ飬ĵϰѧȭ
ȭǳļ򵥣ĪӸоͺǰ㲥ƺֻǻһ塣
Ѿ֮д÷ڿ֮û˵ʲôֻǵĪϰ֮󣬺ܿͿʼ˽Ŀγ̡
Īڵ֮Ƕ֣Կγ̺Ҳ࣬ΨһͬľǣĪӵжһ顣
Ȿ׵̫׵΢Դ壬֮˱ض֮飬ӽտʼһһ߽ʶ֣һ߽ѧϰⱾ׵÷ڽⱾ齻ĪӵеʱϱǳصĶ˵
ôͿ𣿡ĪⱾ׵Ŀ֮һ˿ڴ֮ɫʼѧϰⱾϵݵʱȴֲԼڴ
Ȿ׵֮ϵݣĪǰġ¾ȻǲͬģһЩطȴĪӸоƺҲ֮ͨ
ʼһ飬÷ڼĪڵ֪ʶ֮󣬷ĪȫˣԽѧݣֶһЩڽĪӶд֮࣬ĪѧȭҲ̵һЩµĶ
¿ͷѣҪ֮;οһν֮أȭҪϰǿǣպٽڤ֮ȵʲôʱһʱҾΪӡ÷Ī˵ʱദ÷Īӵѧϰеǳ⣬ҲϣĪܹΪԼĵӡ
µʱ䣬Ī÷ǳĹɣÿϰȭȻͿʼ飬Ҳûţǿʼڤ룬
ʱ֮У÷Ҳÿʱÿ̶ڽ̵ĪӣʱҲɽȥæǱΧģҿյ÷֮УҲԽԽǰݷá
ǰݷõԽԽ࣬÷Ҳæµ̵ܹĪӵʱԽԽ١
Īӱ;г˵ԣԼѧϰΪ÷ĵͯʱ÷ɽĪӻһȥ˼ط֮ĪӶɽΧϤ
ɽԱߵӣֽСʮС壬Īºӹ壬СĹϽΧӵ˿ڼԼˣǶôĵطǸиҵҲȱ
ޣУ컯Ī֮Уžģϥ֮ϣϵı鿴ǳࡣ
ֻڵ䣬ı飬˿ܲǳ࣬Щɰ
һƪ׵ͷβһ飬Īһ󻺻ķſ񣬱˫ۣ뵽ڤ״̬
˴Լʱ֮Ī˫ۣ̾һǲа
÷µѧϰĪѧϰʵɾڤ֮ϣȴʼûа취Ľ״̬÷ҲЩ졣
ĪȴԼ֪Լ£֮ôûûа취ɹ״̬ԭǳԼϣΪĪӵʼռԼһˣǰЩ£ڻǵ÷ǳ
ڤ֮ҪľĪӳٳ޷״̬Ϊʼ̫࣬Ժе˼ѿƣһ뵽ڤ˼״̬ͻ뵽ܶǰ¡
ھµʱ䣬ĪҲһЩţԼܹܿɹմڤ֮
Īһָоڤ֮ƺԼĪĺô
ָо÷ǳ֣˵壬ĪӾãԼڴڤһؿеãҪɹմڤ֮ͷ̫ǿˣڸԼǿҵʾԲŻĪĸоҲû̫⡣


 
Ī֮У˫ĿţʶѾ׵ķſգѺ֮״̬ԽԽȻѾ뵽˴ڤ״̬֮С
һĪԤ֮лҪһ㣬ѾɽĵˣֱգĪŵһν뵽ڤ״̬
ĪӸоǳԼǳ֪Լڸʲôʶȴǳķſգʲô룬ҲûЩҵ˼ð׵׵Ķһַɵĸо
Īӷ·һƬڰȴ͵Ŀռ֮ڣʲô룬ֻҪĴ
ͻȻ֮䣬ƬڶĿռڣȴһ⣬һĪӸоǳϤĹâ
ǣػǵ⣡ڿâһ˲䣬Īϳ⣬ָԼػȫµ硣
ĪԭΪʱ򿴵Ļþڴڤ״̬УȻֿ⡣
⣬Ҳ磬ػԭ򣡡ǰ⣬Ī뵽
Īͷͬʱǵ·ҲоʲôȻ֮ҫĿռ䣬յһƬâҫ֮УĪӸо·һԼļˣһЩǳϤİϢ򿪵ļ֮ӿ˳
֮ڤĪӣ˲һ˹ȥ
Īӻ֮УЩϤİϢʼ뵽ļһĻĻĻԺ֮С
ĪǿһޱߵĴӣˮʣޱȵƽֱһ죬һ촫ӵĵײȻƿһ󶴣޾ĺˮ֮ʶ
ţĪӷ·ӿ׹䣬һֻʣ°صΡɽ˴ʬҰŹֵ鵹ڴϡ
һĻĪӿһɵĽһܹٵصƣ֮вϵķŴĪһ޵ľ֡
һ̣·ڽϢʵʵڴ֮£նɱ
оһĪһŷԼ֮УղŵǵֻһǳԶļ䡣
ֲ˲ͷ亹Īϣ֮УԼıѾʪ͸ˡ
ĪȴûЩϣʼԼĺҪԼƽ
ڸոǶ̶һ˲ʱ䣬ĪѾˣԼܹԽ磬ػԭһжӾԶǰ
Īԭ磬ϹźսŭײɽӵͿ̿
ĪǰǰǸʱֻӦǸʱùߵ˰ɡ
֮е飬֮еǣϧûлζ˽ѣûлζ£ϡͿıնɱ
ԭǵ֮£ĪǰǰյĽ𣬳׵׵ɾΪ飬֮УҲǸŲҲа鱦ģȻİ鱦ͬûȫ
ûȫİ鱦ǵ飬ֻһԴ첻⣬żĪӣֻ֮С
ֻص޲ĪӵڵԻָϧԭڵ磬ΪĳԭѾ޷Ī̤֮·ǵ첻⣬ҪΪһ鱦ҲصĹ
ԭĪӵˣǼֻȥǴ֮±Ͼһ
Īһ֮ʱǵ첻һ𣬱ųԭ磬硣
Ժ֮еϢĪڸоԼ˴һµ״̬
ǿԼĽָ𣿡
ͻȻ֪֮ԼǰǰȻһǳù飬ûг֮£ֱӽֻˣ˸оȷЩš
Ժ֮еЩ䣬һ첻⣬ȴĪһжʵġ
ֹһʱ䣬ĪӽԼԺ֮еϢһԼǰǰ󣬷õĶԶԼ֮еҪ١
ԭֻһûг飬û̫Ķֻصľü֮кܶĶѾģˣʣ²ȱȫļ֮УȽõļ䣬ֻһԪˮ¼һ֮ͨ
ǰߡԪˮ¼Ҫˮ֮ݲǸĪ⣬вٿˮ֮ǰǰе촫С
һ֮ͨԻǹˮһַǳɱֶΣɹǹˮ֮󣬿̽ʶһŷǳǿͨ
Ԫˮ¼ǹˮͨĪӾӦԼõǰ֮Уֽ׶ΪĲƸˣȻ֮⣬ǵ첻⣬һжҪպȥˣ˴ڤһĪӵ֮ȴҪ÷ȻһӦС
Ԫˮ¼֮УǼǰ֮֮˾磬Ī˵ûʲôʵ塣
Ҫ֮·Ҫ÷Ĵ졣
ĪӸ÷ԼѾ˴ڤ֮÷ֻƽĵ˵ͷ
ԭƵһ㣬һͿԿʼˣ
Īڤһʱ÷ԤƵʱ䳤һ㣬Ҳûгֵ̫࣬йоء
֮ˣһ֮Ͼ־Ӷ֮׳Լ֮Ա֮Ϊˡ÷ĪӽţôʱĪӵĽ̵֪˵ЩĪȫö
տʼĹ֮ټһҽҪġľÿ峿ĺ㶼Ҫϰһ顣
Ī÷˵꣬һ˿ȣ÷ôʱ䣬ü
÷ͽľڸĪӣҶĪӽһָ㡣
ڻǰ֮ĪӷԼڵתķǳ죬÷ֻ˵һ飬ĪӾѾľȫˣҾ÷ϸĽ֮ĪӾѾڡľ߰˰ˡ
֮ͻȻ֮ӱô⣬ĪͻȻ俪ˣʶ֮첻á
첻⣬һ鱦ıԴģһַǳĶʣҷǳϡС
ĪӴԽ֮ǰ磬ÿһ鱦ж̺һֵõ鱦ˣʹ鱦ԵУһͨ鱦̺֮ĵ
鱦̺֮ĺģһ첻⡣
Īʶ֮еһ첻⣬ֽ׶ε˵̫ˣߵûа취ã첻ʶ֮УѾܹһЩôˣͱ˵ͻȻ֮Ӽرã첻ĵһô


ڰ 
Ī֮ǰѧϰڤ֮ʱɫı֣ԭ÷ĪӵڴѾˣĪӿʼľ֮ȴָ÷һϲ
̶̲ʮʱ䣬ĪӾȻоաľصݣľ־ϣڵһ
ٶȣȫüϣΪ˵һڤҪѣĪɵȴǳ򵥣ѾܹȵЩ֮еŵӵٶˡ
峿֮ʣĪӿʼϵڵ֮ÿϰȭĪӶܹĸоԼڵһԼϰȭĹ֮УԼĶ֮еߡ
ȵĪӽȭһľֻȫˬƣһɨգ˾ȵġ
Īӽ֮󣬽͵÷ڿʱˣΪĪѾԵʣ÷ڵĶͺ֮ǰЩͬˡ
û뵽ô̵ʱ֮ڣȻѾɹΣҾΪ㽲һľ磬֮;ŹԹվԼǰĪӣ÷΢Ц˵
֮һ֮뾫־ϣϹ֮׳ȵ׳һ̶ȣһ̣
ĵһ׶ΣҲ˽֮Ϊڽ֮ǰеĻҪõģ֮ǰȭڤĿġȻڤ֮Уѵʱ΢һ㣬ҲˣôԼ
Ī÷Ľ⣬˵ĻУȻԼѾǰ󣬵ǱϾȱȫһûлγ飬ûЩӷ˽׶ľ
Īģ÷֮һҲΪֻе磬ߣڵɱΪʩչԦҲӡ
һ׶αΪ꾳ɱ꣬һСͨһǷԲʮڵΪ磡
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ʱ֮ʵǿ֧֣ȶԽ˹һֱԽĹȻԽý֮ʣȴת


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Խ˺ýԽ֮еߣѡƽΪ壬ƽգܹ佣Ϊ١
Խ֮ţдԽڣ˵Ǵ˷罣еı档
Խý֮ʣųԽʥĴԽڵΪȻս֮ͻˣȻûдﵽ컯֮һΪսȴѾԼﵽǸΡ
Ϊһλǿߣ˲Ϣ֮ͷŤתԽǿܿɨƽ˸»ָͳһڶʳԽΪ˹ڶ˻ʡ
Խڵͳһ֮󣬱ֻɱ˴ˮΧڣɱŷɥնɱδ졣
գ컯֮Ĵ̫֮ͨͣһս֮䣬컯żΪ֮λ컯ͨߣΪ̫һ
÷۵֮Уλ̫λͨߣټ̫̫͡һ
̫һɵ֮꣬ڶ˻ʡϹ죬һʱ֮´󾪣ԡΪȻܳϣλڶ̶̶ʱ
֤֮λֲŷ֣˻ʵλãȻ֪ʲôʱˣе˻֮λߣΪΣֻҪδ컯ⲻֻ֮ࡣ
Ϣȷϣôҽ⿪һ˻ʺȻ֮䱩йԭ
СӼ̳λãӴ֮ص£ֱԼǰ˻ʹ޵ӹһ£֤컯̫֮һѾû¶棬ڱһεĸĳϾһ֮ȡ֮ʳʽĳһٰʮء
ĪԺ֮еЩϢһ̣֮УȴͻȻһְȵĸо
һУ絽ڣԼڶ˸ˣһвôİˣеĸоԼһȫµУԼһӡ
һݰȵĸоĪı۾Ľ뵽硣
λȭٳһ㣡÷𣬺ȣ֮ж˼
ǣʦĪԣԹԵĵԼĶ
˯̫ȣһĪѵöˣûƽʱһΣ÷ΪĪЩиˣڲ
÷ƽʱ΢һЩĪӲû˿Ľ黳÷ΪԼá
Լոĵ·ãǴʱ÷ΪԼδڿǡ
ලĪ˽Σ÷֮£һͬ뿪ãĪһͷ鷿֮У缢ƿʵ֪ʶ
ʷһµ˽⣬ǺܶϸĶû˽⵽üĹ
չĪӵߣĪ굽鷿֮йԹԵĿ飬ҲܣҲúܸˣһԼʡʡȫԺɵϢ
һֱóԷʱ䣬λкĪͣĪӲݲݳԹ֮һͷǶУвҲЩ
պ󣬱سɴ뵽
ھʱŬڷܡѧͨɹزٵ
ĪȫעӣҲЩȾˣתߵһԣһ飬Ȼ鷿ſڵλã鱾
ȵϵʱ÷һκصãĪӷ÷ʱϵϢǳͷ·һѳʵıƽʱƵȫͬɫҲЩ̫ÿĪȻ֪÷ȥʲô£Էû˵˼ĪҲסûʡ
ĪӲ²⣬÷ȥӦǶˣҿ֮ܽĽ̫룬ûܹռʲôˡ
˵ʵĪЩҪȥûмĶ磬ΨһĳҲ÷ºӹʩչֶΣĪͨ⼸мȡ֪ʶҲ˽⵽ϣֻ÷޵ߣлʳ佫Ĺ٣顣
ĪӶЩڵܸȤԵĻʶʶ
Īûз֣Դʼǰ̬֮Ȼ֮䷢һЩ仯øӵĺ棬ͷ·Ϥĺӣӵгʢ֪
ֱ仯ĪӵӰҲǿֻǰ̫Ӵһֳ֮ģ˿ûӰ쵽ǡ
ϼϢʱĪĵĿ÷ûϨϰڴϣзһǳרע
ĪӶһ÷еǼһɫȣϺõһ㣬дɫΣԼ֮ƺӨӨĹâ
÷ĪӵעӣתͷĪһۣȻĪӽеʵ֪ʲô𣿡
ӦþʦķɣĪ÷ʣȻֿһ÷еȣȻ󿪿˵
֮ǰ÷Īӽĵȼ֣ĪҲεļ²ţ÷ȣʲôƷķ
ĪӵĻش÷΢΢˵ͷȻһḧеȣĿ˵
֮ڶ࣬ߴ֮£ֳַţһЩ֧Сɢ޸֣߿νʤڶ࣬ȴ󣬳ȴЩд֮ˣ֮ɢޣжΪһãֻһѷ
˵ĪѾµˣ÷еȣӦһ
Ȼ÷ĻͿ϶ĪӵĲ롣
Ϊʦȣһӵвٿزľ֮ܣΪ֮ķΪʦѪҪһĵȴв㰡÷˵û˿įһ˷ܡ
ֱղţΪʦ뵽ˣֻˮΪʦһĻԵ˵仰ʱ÷Ŀ֮оһдɫ֮ϣһ㵭תţĪӾͿ˷ǳһĻ
ֻ֮£÷µĴ̣ͻȻ̵֦⣬ٵ̼仹Ҷ
⣡Ī΢΢ſһѣȻһḷ̌δЩ˼ɡ
ܿ죬÷еĴȹâȥһ˲䣬Щոճ֦ͷ·һ˲䣬ȥеѸٵĿήΪ˻ҽ
Īһŵϵһ̲ҽаһ
ĪӶǰȻյϢ࣬õĸ٣Ҳкôѽ
Ǵһܹһȫûľ»ǾδЩ̫ڿֲˣһܹӵеģҪǷʲô̶ȣ
ȵΪʦ˴γɹպ÷ۣͻһƷ֮ΪУҲһ׮Ը˵仰֮÷ϢƽĪӵԴһ£Ȼ㲻ٶˡ


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ÿһر֮һͨɢޣҲôһһͨƷʵ֮ôϡС
Ī˽⵽ķ֪ʶһͨķֻҪڷ֮γһƣͿǳɹһγɣȻȻͻһЩ졣
γɵĸʵҲѣ޷ǾǷĶѣͬķϣķͿ۳ɽƣܶɢ޺ƣʱҲܹɹ
ƾ׺ѣ۳һƣֻķеڶ࣬ôƵķϺƵĽƣα֤ͻ
һܹɵĽƣûһر̶֣ƷõĲйأǲܶٵƣֻҪûа취϶ΪһΪһôʼֻǷ
һ֮ӵжٵƣ˵ʼջǲһеĽƱʼһµȵĵƷߵƷ۳ɾŵϱǷ
ĪӰ뵽÷£Ȼв²⣬ĪӲȷ÷һɢ޳
ɢ޳ߣûʲộôֻΪɢ֮еǿ⣬òô
ĪӰ÷Ϊʦ÷ѧĶԽԽ٣ڵһ׶֮󣬺·ôߣܶҪĪԼȥ̽
ĪȴԼѡ񣬱Ͼ÷Ļºӹ壬һȺСƨ֮װۣǲºȥˣԼʵѾ൱ˣҪ̤ʵأͬʱҲҪиж֮ġ
һȥĪѾõ鷿֮дʱ䣬ʱ䣬൱ĳʵ鷿֮е飬϶һ顣
һˣôۻĿһ飬ûʲôЧĪʶ֮һ첻ĴڣٵļЩֻһĶԺ֮У̡
ĪӾԼϾҪɿʱ⼳ȡ֪ʶĺ¶Ѿˡ
÷ѾǵˣòֻǱҲֻϱ뿤ɸǰ˵Ļ֮ǰٴӦ£ֻܾʹˣһʱ䣬ۼֻûбշЩżˣԴ÷̬ȣҲտʼôˡ
쵱Īӵ棬𡢳سɡ䱸ɽˣֱӰЩԼ֮ҲһЩ÷˼
÷˿̵ȻԼķȣǰ˲̫õ̬ȣɫû˿ı仯ֻôؿƬ̣˶Щ΢΢ʱŻĿڵ
⼸֣ѾĵϸҪֻֻǿλһ֮
֪һοʮİգһԵİسʱ򿪿ڷһ䡣
ʮþȣ÷ն˵
ãȻѾʮİգҵȵȻҲԸ仰վ˵
ʲôҪ׼ģͲǰȥ׼ֻǲ֪ʱ֣
׼ʲôˣ׼ĶҶУʱڽҹ÷ҡҡͷ˵
ѡҹ䶯֣⣬Щװɣ÷˵Ҫҹ֣䱸ɽʱȴЩɵ˵
ҹһƬܼȲߣǼˣǿںҹ֮Щͨʿ䣬ҹ̫Ӳս
ԸһֻˮǱˮУǳĽƻҪԸֻˮҲֻȥˮߣҹˮսֻ˵ռʱ
ֻƻ쳣ǰ佻֣Ѿֻ˾֮ģѾٰΣҪնɱֻҲֻܳҹжֻľ֮ģŻˮгҽҹ֮£ҲҪ̫ģֻҪҺλˣСͽܣ³ӣ÷͵
ȻˣһоԣһվһԵĪӣ˼һת̱Ӧˡ
Ȼ÷ԼͽܶˣǾ˵飬ʮİգȻˣһ֮ΣҾʧܣƾ֮ˮҲκβǡ
˽ˣĪȴЩġ
ʦҰɣ
ԼһոڵĲͻȻ֮Ҫ뵽֮Уô붼ƺЩס
Լֻ÷ļӣ״ӣ²ˣЩ黹Ĳһ
תһ룬÷ԼΪͽ֮󣬶ԼĽ̵ҲνǾľˣҲԼʲôġ
ţͻȻ÷ԼĶ
ͽҹΪʦȥ²£
ʦڣӲ£ĪӿٵķӦش
ãΪʦڣҹܻȫշֻ÷һЦĪӵĻشǳ⡣
ȻҪĪӴȥһ⣬ҪĪʲôԺܿģ÷ͿʼĪӽһЩ飬ͬʱóһ̻ŷĵʯĪӡ
Ϊʦã㽫ãһ֮ʱԱ㡣
ţ÷óһѴʵذףŵĪӵС
ذһƷķûʲô֮ȴ쳣Ϸ
ĪذףһС˷ܣ֮󣬵õĵһѷ͵һ
ϴãȻĪӳеذףֻذ׳Լһңڳʵһ˲䣬·һâ˶һַǳĸо
ĪӵҶһ£ذ׹ȻǳķȭͷСʯͷҲܹܼ򵥵п
ʱȥͷбҹĻˣõĴŴ򿪣Ӱ˳ȥӰԵȥ
⼸˵Ȼ÷ˣϵĶ飬ֻ÷𡢰سɡɽˣȻҪĪͯ
ӣ򽭵һ֧һΣ֮еӸҲӶ
Ȼֻһ֧ˮȴжʮ׿ɡǾд֮н뵽ڵ֣ӵĴڣ󣬾ͻǳĿɹֻۣôȵһЩ֧
ĪӻԺ֮õЩ֪ʶٿǰӣвɵ뵽ӵԴͷ򽭣
һ֧˵Ŀ㣬ôЩԴͷ򽭣ָľ󣿡
÷ѾĿĵأҿ˿Ȼ÷Ī˵ͽȵߣҲһ֮㿪ʼͲˡ
һ˵꣬÷ˣСĵΧɢʼ˲á
϶ϢķͬʱҲСĵأֻ֣ݾߣ󹦿һ
ˣϣϵðգҪΪһðգ÷ʧȥӰĪЩϰµģԾٶȶӿˡ


ʮ ն
ĪӽͬǰãǳԶ׼һնֻˮն
Ϊһֻͯ뵽ڵͯЩ˵ֱѵõζ
Ѫһ̺һͯӣζǰֲĶ
˵ʵڸտʼĪӵ֪ԼҪΪնʱǸоǳӦġ
÷ºóĪӻ֮ĪҲԸðһա
Լֻ÷ļӣ˵÷ϵĻԼֻһͨũͯõ飬ҪԼˣԼһ㡣
磬ĪȻûмڰһ棬κεطʼնǻеġ
ĪڰߵƬ̣ͻȻ˲ԶҶɳɳҡ˴Լʮӡ
ʼˣ֮Īͷһ÷ڸ׼ʼˡ
һĪӾԭؿʼһȭڵϣľ
ҲںӱԵʣĪһ뵽״̬֮Уܿ͸о˿˿⣬ԼۣתٶȣƺƽʱҪһ㡣
Լʶ֮еһ첻⣬ʱȻһ΢΢ķӦâƽʱøһ㣬ĪӸоʱһ
ʱ÷ڰУȫϢͬʱĿⲻϵĴź档
ҹ˾֮ʱһͯںӱδЩˣаֻϵ𣿡ʱȥ˰ʱ֮Уɽ΢ЩɵС˵
ͰسɴʱҲģֻһʱ佻ˣֻ֪ˮǳĽƻԵ壬Էλϵ
λ˷İɣֻѾˣֻȻԥȻ֪ǰ壬壬רΪֻ׼ġҼκֻ֣һֱûռʲôˣ֮ǰѾɺ׵УѾһ˿֮飬Խ֪壬Ҳ̤УķſϢҲԼ͸һϢ˺Ͱ˲غãֻֻϰ÷ʱ֮͸¶ŨŨţ·һж֮С
ȻǿֻԼ֪ˡ
ڴĪӣΪʶ֮еһ첻΢΢һ仯˿ȴõһЩô
һںӱоԼڵһڷɿ׳֮УеٶȷǳĿ죬ԶԶԼƽʱʱɱȵģ̶ʱ֮УȻ׳һ࣬ȻҲĪʱ䲻йأϾҲûл̫ࡣ
״̬֮УĪӽоԼЩУʶԽԽ飬ʱʶеһ첻⣬âȴѸٵİţĪһɿֻŵ·ΣϾҪϮˡ
һĪҲûа취֮ˣ̵˫ۡ
˫һɲǣͻȻһ졣
ž
ӵĺ룬ˮͻȻ֮ըһڵӰӣɿĪ
һ̣ĪԺ֮һƬհףоһ঵ϢôһζԼӦʱ򣬾Լǰ
ĪӾͿһԽԼ̽ȥͷŴ˵ѪڣоȻݣԼҧ¡
ǧһ֮ʣĪӵǰȻ֮һɫĹ֣Ī˶
ˣ
Ǹ˶ͷײڹϣһ죬ȻȻһߡ

ͬһʱ䣬𣬽һӰ֣һѳĪԱ߾Ǳֱһն¡
ֱʱĪӲηѣѸٵźȥԼѾɣһȫĵطϷͺˡ
ֻˮԾˮûܹһĪӣʱַһʱѡ˻غڣȫԼնһѸٵźԾȥ
ȻˮԾȴͻȻЩɵˣֻԭĺ棬Ȼ֪ʲôʱ򣬱һĲľǣЩľһŴȫˮ˵ĵ·
ʳȣ˷ˣʱһԲϵһֵͬģ֮кȻ˸һ⡣
Ī̧ͷһȴЩ⣬Լ֮һɫδգ֪ӵ˺δ
һ⣬ĪſˣղԼϮֻˮӡ
ֻˮԼң̫Ӵ󣬵ͷȴԵƺӶҪ󣬳ЩΣΪǣֻˮȻֽţֱܹ
ְȻ棡ֻˮӣĪӾԼĿ۽ˣۼʶ֡
ۼ·ˣΧǿΧˮ֮Ҳ֪Լˣ֪һ壬ȴննû̵뵽Σ֮С
Լ޷ٻصжܣˮҲԣȻתߵɽȥͬʱ˳һ˲䣬Ѫ³һˮٶǰ
׷ɽ״гԼǰһᣬԼǰͬʱϷһ㵭ĺ⣬˵Ȼ·һȦƽֺ֮ͼһˮ
ǳĿϧˮ䵽ϵʱɽֻһɴϮ屻ݺݵȥ뿪˵棬ɳȥʮס
ֻˮ׼ǰһ׽ɽʱȴΧĻľһ̷·𶼻˹һ㣬֦ϵ֯˴ˮͷ£С
Ҷ𣬷·˷ķɵΧˮת
ʦˣһĻĪ÷Ĵȣ֪һ÷ˡ
徳˷ˣﵱˮУسɵֳ֣Īתͷһͼһ֧ëʣ޷ԶϾȻһϵƣëʱߣڿдһ֡

һڿУɢɫĹâ˲ֻˮȥ
Ǵ˵зҵı𣿡ŰسдǸɫ֣Ī뵽õֶΣϾ⼸õ鷿֮пɲǰѧġ
ƺΣյٽеˮҵҪƿϾڵصʱ
ĪӷǳĲΧĿһ̱ʪˣһ޴ˮȻ֮λþǸղסֻˮĵط
޴ˮ˺סˮĴٳ嵽ʮ׵ĸ߿֮󣬱·һͻȻڿдһѾľĺӱ߳ȥͼǿгһ»صС
ã˿һĻɫɵô䣬ò׽ֻˮջϰԷˮУǽһоǰˣҴӽҪֻˮŪϣͲҪ롣
Ա׺ݲ̣ºˮһӱ䱾뾡취


ʮ Сͨ
ۼһ׳ˮһ֮£ѸޱȣͿҪ䵽ˣֻܹסһľܹȻﲢпܡ
󣬸һȥʱ÷ͻȻδӺ֮³֣дɫεĴַɳӭһ׳ˮ
ȵ֮£ǵ׳ˮ׾ٵıеˮҲֱӱȴɣŰȥ
ѵ÷ˮذߣϵͷϲӭȥǰľɽгһĨѪ⣬Ÿ䵽ϵˮǺݺݵһ¡
һֺֿݣҵҲ׼ˮ¶ĸûƬڵԱȽϱɽΪˮһҲܹˮɺܴв
ֺּһˮе֮ɫȻѪſͻȻ֮³һˮݣɽһˮ֮ϣͿǸˮͻȻ֮ըһǿĳһνɽɳȥ
ңбڴˣҪ֪佫֮һαˮɳȥɽоܵ޴裬ôһ˲ϵƣץһԵĵٴγȥ
ĪӿɽͻȻ֪½ϣɽһǧֻˮ᲻ӣ
˼еϰ֮ˣߵĲǴǰѪķţǺ;еѪɷϣԱ֮ճɾ͵һ
ЩǰѪߣǷһЩСڣΪ÷һ࣬Ҳ˽֮֮Ϊޡ
֮£ʵźܴȱݣټ֮кܶҲͬȱݣǾǲܳķžȻܹΪȻ޿ɱԽ֮
Īӷǳ뿴ơ
÷ֻˮ´ص֮Ҳ˰еУڵһ㣬ϵȫſʩչյǿ֣ܻ֮õСͨ
Сͨľڼף
һ˲䣬Īӿ÷ΧһɫĹΣȻΧĲľ׷üϻۣһգ۵Ĺվ÷ͳһҵСˣȫľɣ·Ǿϸһ㣬ݲǶôǿȴһֺȻĸо
ĪڲԶһĻͷʱеȣ֮У֮Ӧеͨ
С˵÷ǰ̱㵽ˮǰ޴ȭͷһȭҳˮֻüһˮܣȻͱ÷һȭɳȥˮܱˮĽû𵽶á
һȭֻˮɳȥ÷Сϣڴ֮У˸ոصˮԣһȭˮԴȥ
һΣ÷ȭͷȴûܹ䵽ˮϣͬղŵɽһһˮ֮ϡ
ͬղŵһĻˮݱеһ˲䣬̱ѿһɳ÷λζһ£˳
ᣬǵڵϵˮȻ֮ڵһͦһͷײ÷С˵ϡ
أ
һƵײ֮У÷ɵС˳ײ֮һǳǳСӡ
ȻֻˮҲܣ֮һۼѣһЩѪҺ
СģֻҪƴˣվڲԶ״̿ںһͬʱв֪ѾһӡһɭϷ֮ڳչ
ֻˮоɭϷ֮ͬʱԼϵȻֱѹһЩһ˫֮е֮ɫȻֱøŨˣſ³һˮݣ÷ֶȥ
أ
һıը÷ǸСˣһľм׷ɣ˲㱻˲٣Щˡ
ֻˮԭص÷ײȥײ÷ϵʱˮͻȻһ䣬һεķɵԽ÷ֱĳ󷽵ӡ
øթͷˣʱ÷ɵСȴͻȻת˳ȥˮֱֱۡ
ֱֻۣ̳һһ㣬ֻˮεȻ˻
÷СͨȻֻǸԼһȽʹǣȻôһѣܹƵ֣ͨǰһСҲԲһ㡣
һڽֻˮ֮󣬲ûֹͣƣһȦһȦģϵĲֻˮϣȫУȴȻûֹͣ
ܿ죬Īӿ÷ϣһľʵףȫ룬¶˳
ŰסˮЩѾһ״СԲ򣬻ţȻˮûз
÷һִֻ֮ϣһֻŴȣǰĳƯɢɫĹΣע뵽ǰ֮С
Լʮ֮ͣ²ٲ÷ɫĹΣҲˡ
龰һԵ˻һۣȻߵ÷ԣЩڴĿʵѾ
ϣҩѾ÷Ҳûʲôӣɴĵ˵ͷ
µʱǰ򣬿ʼһĴ򿪣ܿ죬֮ڵˮ¶˳ٲȻѾʧȥϢ
ãڱؾ˷ˣڷȫֻ֮Լǰ¶Цݣ÷佱
λˣɲһ֮ν̧ʱ÷Ȼ֪ԼӦԡ
ԶĪӣʱҲȷս׽ˣæС˹ȥȻͿ˵ڵϵˮʬ塣
ֻˮѾ׵ȥˣȫղŵ׺ݣڵϳһ㡣
ĪСĵǰ۲ţϸϵʬ壬ֻˮӦĳŷݺͽ׳֫ǳĹ졣
ղڵҹɫ֮УˮжٶȺܿ죬ĪӲûп̫УϸĹ۲죬ŷֻˮ֫ģȿǳĴ׳񺣹㣬滹ƬֱֻͬƬȴָֻֻ
Īע⵽ֻˮϣǺ۵СȴûһѪҺЩɱˮʬ壬ƺ͸ղűСһȦ
ˮСղ÷ʩչֶΣĪԺ֮ͻȻðһ뷨
òЩֻˮڵѪҺȫ˰ɡ
ͷһĪӼͿȷԼĲ²ȷģͷһ÷Щզࡣ
ʦСͨȻôȻ꾳еֶΡ


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꾳СͨĪǵһμȻֶΣҲͬǵһοֻ֮ͬǰһ֪֮鷿Щ飬ѾһЩ˽⣬ʩչֶΣĪҲܹϳһЩ
ɽʩչûбֳ̫ʵĵطûдйأУźȼӦĵȼ֣мأһΪʿ佫ĸȼ˵֮˧֮ἰȷʵࡣ
ҹⳡжѾԲˣֻˮѾˣҲԴظˡ
÷ǰˮʬϣҲκεĶͽϵˮʬ
ˮۼΪ̣ȵȥ֮󣬿ɷҪһЩۼף÷ˮʬɽ΢΢һȻЦſ˵
ҹλ˳ˮʬȻǴҶзݣȻص֮󣬱㽫ˮۼ׷ϣ÷ͬͷЦ˵
÷Ļش𣬲ɽͰسɵҲͬ¶Цݣһ꾳ˮ壬ҲҪзһ
ֵУΪԽߣϵĲϾԽѪۼëֵܹ
÷ղŵĻشڸɽ˵ͬʱҲͬڸˣֻˮϵĲϣзݡ
ʰˮʬ֮÷վһߵĪӣ÷ǳ͵ʵͽôûбŵɣ
û£ĪҡҡͷʾԼûʲô¡
Ī糣֮һ˿˷ܣȫûбɵ˵ӣ÷׵ķˣȻôĪӣһص֮С
ص֮Īӱͻ˷䣬ϺúϢ÷ˣǰȥҹջˡ
ڶ죬÷ĪһǰȥǣһĿǳĿѾɣʱȥˡ
һζ˵ȥ˸İˣлˣΪΨһĵ٣ǰ߶ͷָֻ̬֮Īӵһ֮ʱ飬̬ȷǳƵĶ÷˵·Ѿ˺Ľ顣
ΪӰصĵ٣ְΧ֮ڵ£ȻԴˣѾŶգճ֮ѱϣش˴Уպвǲֱ÷۱ɣ÷̬ͬº͵Ļش
ã˵÷Ӱصʱص÷м÷֮ʣ˵ûҪţҪ÷˵ˣҲ˳һһ߼Цſڡ
ǵʱ͹˵Ĵˣǣ÷һ˵ŲѾȥĪ뿪ˡ
߳Ӱس֮ĪͻȻ֮䷢֣÷ߵ·ƺʱߵ·ɻ֮ʱȴ˲Զֵӣвɵøɻˡ
ͷ÷һۣȴ÷ûκ˵˼ֻǾôĪһ·ǰߣܿһĪӸеϤĵط
ǣҹսĵطĪӿһΧӿݵĵ棬ϳҹսĵط
ڰϵȺΪʦȥȥͻأ÷תͷĪ˵һ䣬Ȼҫ⣬һС
ʱĪܹף÷ǹˮϳġ
Ҳ÷ˮеͬʱӰصãɽһҲʼҹսĵطȥĿȻ÷һȥ̽ˮϳġ
һ˵ʿǱȽģһûУǺܶȴһϰߣǾǻὫĺöȫԼĶѨ֮С
նɱ֮ȥֵ̽ĶѨʱһʱȴܹ֮ϲҵǳĶ
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Īǰ÷ϵûմκһεˮԼһ˿Цݣƺջ
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÷ţĪӷԼûãȻͻصɽ
÷֮÷Īӷ£Цһ
治У
÷ӣĪ֪÷ˮĶѨ֮Уҵ˺ö
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ΪʦΪˮĳѨ֮УҲʲô̫õĶû룬ֻˮȻǸһЩöҵöǮλȥɺ׵Ǵջ񣡡÷Լλ׵ĵӣҲûʲô
һĪദôã÷ԼԽˣȻûнʽΪ²ĴˣҲǳ顣
һ棬ĪӾ÷УҲὫЩ˵ԸҲ޷
һʱ䣬Ī»ص죬ÿ÷Ľ̵£ͰţڵϵߣĪ˿ƺˡ
ϾҪˣһ꼴ҲˣմѩϣɽҲûµķÿͣ÷Ǹˡ
һ̵߽ĪӣһоȵĵƺչٶȲͬҲϣǰš
Īɽ÷֮Уȹ֮Ϊһء
ĪҲûоôǰԼһϢ߶ȷᣬ¹֮ʱô֣ȴһһûζˣΪܶഫͳĶˣһʽУһȥҴңЩϸϸȥƷζѾµг嵭ˡ
ɽ÷۵һȻֻʦˣеʽȴû٣ĪӰϰף÷ͷ裬Ȼ÷͸Īӵһһ
귢һ㣬綼ͨá
÷ĪӵĺжӣĪյĿǰΪֹһˡ
һӣһǮĪļңһһĻǶҡ
ȻʱƽʳԼֵģҪǮĶ࣬ӹýͰ͵ģһЩҲ
ͨĻУ֮Ͼǻƽʮһƽ𣬾ͨĻҵλˣϾߵģƽЩ˵ûʲôôͨĻңȻһֻҡ
ֻҽǮ֮רһֻңഫǾ֮ϵͥµǮң֮ȫͬǮҡ
֮ǰ÷ֻˮĳѨ֮УҵöǮĪӴԽ֮ǰС˵֮дʯ԰ߵٶȣԽ֮ձԣ񣬶ԷãҲۿۡ


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÷֮УĪһ÷£˫Ŀգڤڵ
ھعȥѾˣԴϸ¿ʼ÷͸ĪӰµĿγ̣ĪÿնҪпյʱ÷´
ôĿģϣĪܹˣһϣս֮
ԭһΣ÷ĪӻҪһ꣬û뵽Ī֮ΪȾȻһǧۺ̶ȣѾڣһʱ䣬ܹڣĹؿ
ĪӵΪ˱̶֣ܴȵʶеһ첻⣬Ϊ鱦ĺģĪڷӲã첻⣬ȻĪӴ˺ܴİ
ĿǰҪ棬һĪӵѧϰѧϰ֪ʶٶȺܿ죬Ҷѧ֪ʶܹѸٵա
ڶʱİܹĪӴһЧرںӱʱЧΪԡ
첻İĪڲȡɼѾ뵽ڣڴͬʱʼѰһϣԱպܹѧķ
عĵ£Ѿůˣһգ÷ֱӰصĴ˼ˣ÷һȴûдĪһ𣬲֮ǰĪ
ͽΪʦҪȥӰһЩʱգԼʮҲܻع飬ΪʦУѾҪһ⾰ʱؼȥˣԴͲҪΪʦһȥˣΪʦؼҴգȵ鴦ϣǰȥ㣡
Ī÷ĻһĸĸԴԼ뵽÷֮ѾҪһʱ䣬ûмһĸĸˣҲЩҲҪһȥȻ÷ĪȻǵͷӦ
׼ҪؼҿĸȻֿܹտյȥ÷ΪĪӵʦҲĪ׼һЩؼȥĸһЩɽ÷µ͹Ķ÷˵ûʲôãýĪӴȥ
÷İ£ĪӺܿͻصĳºӹ塣
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÷һԼļң߽Ժӵһ̣Ժ֮еĸУתͷһ۾Ϳ˽ԺӵĪˡ
Īӿڽһ¶һõЦݡ
ҵĶΪˣԼһĺˣҲĪӵĸ˹һѽĪ뻳С
Լĸױ뻳Ī΢ЩΣϾԼĻǳˣҲͬⲻ˸жǧĸǣһݳ飬ҲԶ޷һ顣
ͽڼкúТ˳ĸȵʮңΪʦȥסڼЩʱǧиÿյҪģΪʦʱȣ÷һ˵꣬תͷĪӵĸ˵
⺢ɽϿһʱˣҲЩҪȥس£⺢ӻҲ޶˰ģ⺢ò
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ôòҶһЩҲˣɽϵһܿɣȥԵģ
һݣĸ׾ˣԴĪӸеָжЩΣֱɫʱĪɽũæˣĶӣȻҲǴΪˡ
ھһѯ֪֮Ǳ÷ͻʱڼס죬ȻҪ÷֮ȻЩᣬҲͬʱһ
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ڼпĪӵĵһʱ䣬ĪɽЩĪӻǱʦϻˣǷˡ
ĪӿԼĸĸҪһʱ䲻ˣûʲô̫ı仯ֻ۽ǵƱǰ΢һ㣬Լĸס
ȵϳԷʱĪɽֿĪӴһѶ÷Ӹмˡ
һʱ䣬ĪɽҲˣĪܹ÷ΪʦѾĸˣпܽũ֮࣬Ϊ˻ѧһ֮һԼгϢ
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ͬĪɽԺĪӣʱ÷ǳϡ棬פۿһ֮Ҳûпʲôãҡҡͷųͷȥˡ
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ӣвٵ˸ţºӹСӣѵܹһ¶һ£ҲĪӱ÷ߵʱ
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˭˵أԭͿ⺢ӻ飬㿴ѧ˶֮⺢ӿŸô˵ʱģ
ЩŵֵԼţĪ̲סǳ鴤һ£ٿԼĸףֹסЦݣһȺͬĸŮΧм䣬֮βסĵ֮ɫ
Īӵĸ׸оԼûô˹ԼĶӱ˿佱ֱȱ˿ԼҪ˸ˣȻϵĶΧ˵⺢ӲŸոѧ£ԶءѾֿˡ
ò׵ȵԷʱһ׵ģĪӸоԼЦˡ
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û뵽Լص֮УȻһ棬׵ֻǸе棬ԴԼ̬ȱǰˣĪҲһ
Լ֮ǰչԼҲвϾһΪŮԼû취һĸĸܵĸ֣֮ҪΪԼܵų⣬ԼǷǵľ͸ˡ
ڣźõķչˣȫûгԼĵ
ķΧ֮УĪڴ˼죬λһʼǹʾҲȥˣÿǰɧĪˣĪӰڼ˼츸ĸ


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Īλؼңһڼʮһʱ䣬ڼԼĸĸ֮⣬ӵ˼һ飬ȻҲûԼ
һϣĪӷԼȻεѾȥүԷеԼͷǳĺƣүߣҲ˼ģӰ
˯֮ĪӶԼе£һֱԼмүܿʵ
֮ڤĪӸ÷ѧϰҲһЩ˽⣬ֻ˽ĲϾ÷ΪҲû취ڤ֮Уûа취Īӽͣһʲôĵط
ⲻϢ֮УĪ˽⵽ڤ絮֮ʱʹһطʼҶûзطĴڣ̫λ档
ΪǸʱ֮ϡ٣ÿһԪʱ飬Ϊǿ󣬼ȥˣǵԪҲܹ֮㳹׵ЩԪģøɸɾˣҲȥڤ
ֱ֮һЩС֣ʱǲŵһηڤĴڡ
֮λڤ֮Уֻڤ֮еĹƬڰأ࣬
ڤ֮еʲôģ÷Īӵģڤ֮Уʼ˺ڰ֮⣬ûɫˣֱȥڤԽԽ࣬ź˵ļݺ͹巢ڤլĽ֮ڤ˺ܶɫʡ
ΪʲôҪ˵ԭڤ֮У彨լ֮⣬һ־ɫʵĵطǾٵڤլĽ֮Ҳĸ֣ͨġ
һθ÷뿪ĪӵĸĸȻɲᣬϴ˵һǵѾõöˡ
뿪ºӹ壬»صɽ÷ۣĪͻȻ֣ԼƺϲˣȻɽЩ䣬ǳĵȴԼúܰġ
꣬óΪϤһУĪһͷԺ֮ѹʵү
÷ڽĪӽӻ֮󣬲ûɽͣת뿪ˣů÷ҲЩæµˡ
ԴϴӰس֮÷Ҳȵû˱ų⣬ܿͱӰص֪
֮ǰλԭĵɺ׵Ѿˣ÷Ψһĵ٣һʱ֮ܵ˴ҵ׷
Īӷ֣÷ƺϲÿææµµÿ룬ȻȥĪӸеЩ죬ƺ÷вòôɡ
ĪȻе棬ҲûʹԼҪģǸʦúѧϰλΪȡѧķ
ڼ䣬÷۵÷ӭһιʵ죬ӰصԼݷһ÷ĪһЩ⣬һ߿̵̬
Īӷ֣÷֮е÷Ĺʵζ治ִôһ˿˿ζÿڸһ̨ףڹʵ֮У̺ôһ˿޵÷ֻǿΪˮԵ֮ã˲һĺô
һ÷˼ٿŵĹʵ˼ʮŽĪӵĶ֮⣬ʣµЩʵȫ÷ȥˡ
ڵڶʱ÷÷֮ʱûе÷ͳȥʲôѾŲٱصĴ󻧣ҪһЩ
ҶЩ÷ĺôǺڶЩ÷ڴժĵһʱ䣬ͼϷָɾˣĪӵǷݣȥҲЩˮˡ
Īʱ룬ԼʦĵŽ÷ԭǲǾΪ÷
һ꣬ĪˣΪҲﵽڣһϣ֮ˡ
һأȴĪӸеЩᣬԼľƫľ֮ĹԼ֮÷ܹԼģҲӦصĹ
Լǰʶ֮һ첻⣬鱦ĺģƫƫ첻⣬̺ĵˮ֮ԼڻõĲȱȫļ֮УһЩˮйصĹͨȵԼΪˣ˵Ϳ
ڴ֮ǰǰǵԼΪˣܹ
ȻϣǾȷԺҪߵĵ·ҲҪߵĵ·ϢϢأ׶α͵ԽʺԼĵ϶ߵԽԶ
ĪӿǵģԼҪƾ첻İǰֱӽ뵽֮ǰԼս뵽֮
߿ûʲô̫þģĪǵĵطںǰѾͬˣƣվҲһЩ֮ͬҲδһЩӰ졣
һʱ֮䣬ĪҲûа취ѡ񣬺ڵΪпĿռ䣬һСҲôѡ
Ī֮ÿ춼ʱ䣬ѡ÷£ʱڲʱҲѡ񰲾
÷۵˶ˣҲһЩ֪ˣ÷۵÷һӣϲ÷·
´ҴңһȥˣĪӸоԼΪﵽĶ壬Ѿ÷ǳˣÿЧǰûȡ
ĪȻÿֻܹôһ˿Ҳһֽ
һ꿪ʼĪӶԼ֮ǰľᣬҲ˾ԼŽĴš
ȻĪӲֲײǽͷˣԼһޣԼʮʱ򣬻ûƾԼڣôͽǰԼڵĴš
ʮ䲢෴˿ܶҪһЩҪ÷Ҫ硣
˾֮Īÿ÷µʱˣ÷·෴ܶ飬һϸߣҪյĶ˵ԽԽãѧϰĶԲ١
˻֮⣬ĪҪѧϰֲϵıϣҪѧϰһЩҽҩ֪ʶ÷򵥵ķƣȻĪڻ޷ʵ÷ȴǰ̸ĪˣһЩСҲʼֽĪӣĪܷһ㣬÷ƺĪӱ˸ġ
Ҳͬһ꣬ĪӵļҲһϲ£ĪӵĸĸĪһԵܵãĪӻȥСһﱻʵʵĸ׵Ļа˯ǳ
ĪḧһСһС֣¶һĨ飬˵֮ܵϾЦݲϵĸףбСһʼնǴȰ֮ɫĸףĪҲǳĿġ
Լһ̤֮·ܲῼǶŮ˽飬ΪŮⷽĪʼվöԸĸǷ˵ܵڸĸϥ³лĪǷҲܼһЩ
ԼҲֳˣŰȻ˯СһĪ֪ϣԼֶԸѪˡ


ʮ ֮
˵֮ܵĪһЩԼһĸΣ֮ص÷ĪӾȻоһЩƽʱͬ飬ڵȻʼĹ֮Уƺøʵ
ĪӰϢ÷ʱ÷ΪĪϣҪˣǾһϸ֮̽ȴֲˣĪӵΪȻ
Īֵı仯÷Ҳ֪ô£һȴȷ仯ӦǺõġ
֮ͻƵڵתΪͿʩչٿط֮ǰڵԽۺԽ֮ҲкôΪʦɢ޳ûоı仯ӦǺõģҰļɣȷĪڵı仯޺÷οĪӡ
Ҳɢ޳һȻḻǶһЩҪţӴȴǺܶ࣬Īڵ÷һЩ²⣬֮УпЩʿǻкĪһ
ڹ۲ĪӼ֮÷Լֲ²ӿ϶ˡ
ɢޣ÷Īӣ÷ҡҡͷЩįת߿ˡ
ԴڵһЩ仯Īÿʱֱ䳤ˣڵ֮ǰȴһЩ
ᴿ֮ȻһЩȴñǰһЩ
÷£ĪԼ֣ڵ˵ģȻۿɼģĪӵ֮һǳɫ
ҵھȻԿˣĪ
֮ǰĪǼɼҲѱ˳⣬ȻܱԼӦȴ޷ֱ۵ĿĪʵʵڵĿԼˣ˵һ
нǺ£ĪͻȻǳңԼûôżԼܴܿϵı仯
ӵų˵˼άĪӷǳֵҪԽι̣ϲܽøߡ
ֵ÷÷ʵļڣͬҲ÷ΪֵʱĪڵҲͬʱ´ﵽԲ
һΣԲĪڵˣƺѾ컨壬ֻдһϣΪܸһ

ĪӶһϣѾһüĿˣϾɲÿ÷ȹġ
رڣ°ڵ޵Բ״̬֮Īӷ֣Լĸ֪ƺøˣΧһЩԼԭעⲻĶȴע⵽ˡ
紵Ҷݴ֮пճĵԼĽŲϵĸ֨Щԭǳϸ΢ƽᱻԼӵȴıԼоҲˣĪӵ÷ϣԼԼ֮䣬ƺܹо÷
ָоǳ΢ĪȷǷԼоˣȷԼĸ֪֮ǰǲͬˡ
ڸ֪ǿ֮ĪӾԼƺһͲôһţԼܹһȫµ磬ԼԸĻĪӾͿԡ
÷ѯĪ½ڵԲ֮ı仯ֻĪ˵һ仰
ȵ˵ӣһҪһﵽԲ
ʱһתۣԭ˶۵÷ڱժȥ˹ʵֱ֮ùͺͺˣϵҶҲ˲١
յ̫ãϿʼһֱܲʱɫøˣͷƲѾԤʾţһ꽫
ĪӴ˿÷£˫Ŀգϸ۲죬ͻᷢΧôһǳĵɫ
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һը죬ûоŵĪӣȻ˫ۣ֮С
ĪӲԶ÷ĬĬĿĪӣ֮΢΢һ˿֮ɫһԤУԼͽܣ½վҪˡ
󲻾ãһεɢ÷ϸĪӣҪס㣬Щˮŵǿ䵽ĪϣƺûӰ쵽Īӣ÷Ҳûв֡
˿̵ĪӣϥУˮʪѣȴûܹӰ쵽֮УĪʶ֮еһ첻⣬â΢΢ôһ˿
ĪԭʹͻƵıԵôһ΢΢ʱĪӷ·ͻĳһϣ˴֮Уʶȴһ̷ɢ
һ̣Īӷ·ܹÿһ㣬ܹо䵽ϵʱϸ΢仯
Ҳܹͬоⳡ֮УЩڷ֮ȻȻֲͬԼǰҰݣϸС֦ҶδֻܹڵϣȴһֱƽȣˮŷǳϸС
ĪϤģȻ÷ҲĪӵĸӦ֮УԼΧ÷֮⣬Ĵˡ
ĪӴ÷ϣӦһּ͵־һǿ
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һĪͷһ˲䣬Īڵ·һЩʲôı仯
ԭѾǳȻʼѹøΪʵͬʱøӸԣʺǰ˸ı仯
ĪڵתҲ־ţĪڿ֮ƿš
ڵһȦȦתתΪҲһֳٶȽĪӵڣ׳ѾС
һ÷УĪӵϣðŵɫĹâʱţâԽԽ
ڹâ֮УΧˮſ޷䵽ĪӵϣĪΧļҰݣ֮Уۿɼٶȣϰθ˼磬ΧĪӵϥΧ
ˣ֮÷һĨ֮ɫĪڵɱıֻ֣ǺԼȣĪıָӵԣߵҰݶܵһЩӰ죬ٵ
÷ԸоĪɱԶԼۺö࣬ƷʸӾ
洫һ仰ٴ飬ۿͽڵı֣Զ޷֪羹Ȼİ÷ЩŵʿɵĵҩЩԵĶԼϵеĶȴǼ⣬ȻģֻҪһ֣̲ϧۣЩջȥ
Щʿ֮УصĶƫƫЩɢ޾ǽӴ
ȻǽӴˣҲԼض⽫Щͱ˷
ⳡ˴ԼʱͬĪϵ⣬Ҳ˰ʱ֮еνʧĪϵҲ֮˫ۡ
ٴ˫ۣĪӿǰ磬Լͻ֮ǰȣø鶯ˣΧһоԼбȤ·ԼΪͻƣǵųԼǰ


ڶʮ ľԪ
ָһ⣬Īӿ˵
ͻƵ֮󣬾һʱḶ́ĪѾϤȫµˣܹӦֵĲڵ
ò˵֮Ĳʵ̫ˣʱĪȻһ仯ĺôҲûбֳ֮У֮Щ
Ī̤ڿѧϰƷˡ
ָһջأĪ߳⣬ǰȥݼ÷
̤֮ʱ÷ʽĪΪ²ˣУĪʽİʦ֮ȷʽʦͽ֡
ڣĪӾҪȥ÷֮֮Ҳ֮ǰ÷صطԸģĪڹڵ֮ѧϰһ֮
÷ǰĪ̧Ҫţ洫÷
ˣֱӽɣ
ŴԣĪҲûԥ̧ƿŵķţ㿴ڴϣ΢ЦԼ÷
ӼʦĪӹ
ãϢѾƽضڵѾϤ˰ɣ÷Цſڵ
վǰĪӣ÷ǳңԼʱʶ飬ĪӴ÷֮УԼһ²ˣЩŵҲضá
ѾϤڵˣʦָ㣡ĪӼش
Ϥڵһ㲢̫ѣɱɣԼĪû̫õʱ䣬ת⡣
Ѿ֮ĴţΪʦ²Ϊʦͽ÷۵ĸСľԪĪӵ˵ͷ÷óһȫɰƳɵ򣬽ġ
Īӵεı÷еҲƲ֡
򣡡Դӿ鷿Щ飬÷Ľ̵ĪӾѾһ֪Ĳ񣬶֮еһЩʶҲ˽˲٣ͱ˵÷е
洢ҪϢ壬ܹ洢Ϣ󣬶ʵؼӲױ𻵣洢Ͷȡǳ㣬ʶ㷺Ӧá
Ī˵⻹ĵһ򣬵ģ֮мصݡ
ľԪĪȲ뽫ӹȻſƣվԭصȴ÷̵
գΪʦľԪڸ㣬һҪסᴫպ²֮⣬ǧ򲻿й÷˵꣬˫ùվ֣صĽĪӵ
ʦģˣպ²ӣ⴫ڣĪӽӹ֣صĵͷ˵
һȥ֮еݣν佻ΪʦʱΪʦҲΪָһ÷һ仰˵꣬ѾĪЩȲӻʾĪ뿪
Īе̻صУغ÷ţ㽫ͷϣʼϸĶ
ĪȿģǡľԪ֣ǿƪʽľġ
ľԪ٣𸴣顭
ĪӽƪĴͷβһ飬жʱֻһоǾǻɬѶѾѧϰ˺ü꣬¸֪ƪ˼
治ôģԴĪ˵ƪȻЩɬѶݲǺܳü飬ĪӾͽˣڻɬ֮е֮һЩ֮Ҫúõĥ
һʱ䣬ֱҹĪȻ飬ڼ÷ĪӵķǰĪڵõ֮󣬲ûżϸã÷о⡣
ڶ峿Ī棬⼸ʱɵϰߣĪӻǾ
ϰ˼ȭ֮Ī÷£Լ֮ǰľȻʲôá
Ī֮󣬽Ҳʼˣ÷ĵһʱ䣬ĪӾ˫ֽ򽻻÷
÷ӹĿ´һĪӣȻ󿪿˵ⲿľԪʲô֮
޶ۣȴвٵطҪʦ̣Ī÷ʻ̽Լⶼ˳
Ī⣬÷һһ˽ͬʱָһЩ֮ʱҪעĵط
ȵνҪ֮ʱĪӾĻǳȻʳһ⡣
ʦⲿľԪΪصĹֻ񾳽磬֪񾳽֮󣬿ɻй
Īʳ⣬÷ϵɫ䣬˵ȴͻȻ䷢һЩϸ΢ı仯
һʮǰΪʦҲһũӵܣһλԵɺϣһλ˵ʿ԰£Ӵ֮·ǵõʱ֮ҲʹƵ⣬ҵʦʱֻңҺúǧҪøԶ
ʧˣ÷仰ĪӦԡ
һĪӣ÷ҡҡͷٴο˵ˣʱҵʦҵģҽȴ㣬ͽΪʦȷĸ㣬⡶ľԪ߾ֻһȱĹ·
Ϊʦ˵ĲȱָʧǴŹĸˣŹֻ쵽磬񾳽֮ҪһֻԼ취㣬ɢ޵Ρ
ΪʦһڿѰٴãҲй׳־ϣҲݹϧȴ񾳽綼޷ﵽԲݹΣֻ䵽ˡΪʦϣܹ֮꣬ΪʦȴԸҪٽν󱲵ӣ
÷һϯ˵ĳĪӿϣԼгһܹɡ
صص˵ͷĪû˵ʲôȴĵס
Ϊ÷ΪԼĪӶҪ룬ԸһΪߣֻͣ񾳽硣
ν֮÷Ļ֮£Īӿʼ֮ĵһ
еϣĪ˫ĿգѾ뵽ڤ״̬ڵʼһİĹ켣תһȦһȦϵظš
Īӵʶ֮УȫһӣһأȻڴص֮ѿ׳ĳɳ
ǡľԪ֮ص֮ʶ֮йһѿɲḶ֮́в׳ʶǿʵ꣬Ϊһͻƴ
Īӿʼĺ˳ʶ֮һ첻⣬ʱ̱ʶʶһԽߵ˼άһѿĹ̷ǳļ򵥣̷ǳ˳
ǽģĪӷһֵĵطʶ֮ǵ첻ҫ£Īǿӣǳ˳ѿΧĻȴһƬأһƬ
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ƬĵһۣĪӾ;ãƬԼյǰ֮УЩӵĻ棬ֱһģһ


ڶʮһ ֮
ԼʶйľرһƬĪڽ֮һʱ䣬÷ˡ
÷ڼ󣬷Īӵûгʲôӣֻʶ֮еĹرһƬҲû̫⣬ֻĸһɡ
ǺйأˮһЩϣ˴ţҼǡ
ĪԼ֪Լ£ʶ֮йı仯һ첻ģ֮Ը÷ҲһǷʲôӰ죬ڵõ÷Ĵ𰸣ĪҲᡣ
˵һʼĪÿѧϰͿʼ±æµˣΪԿʼˣĪڴ˺ܾõĶܹóԸ
ĪΪԼѡĵһŷʲôǿķһصķľ
ŷϵϢвľܹ֮ȥԼΣﵽЧҲ档
֮ѡеĵһŷһľҪԭΪѧĵȽ٣ڵĪ˵պñȽʺϡ
ͬҲ÷Īӻû֮ǰѾĪӵһ÷ҲĪһʼһŷ
÷⣬Īܹ޳һŷܹʶڽģҲӵжһһֱʼȴԼĳɹ¾ͻȴһЩ
Ī÷ָ£˶̶һʱ䣬ľ֮ĪӾһֱŷֱԼڵľŰݡ
ҹĪڷ֮УʱԼɹͷųľֲ֮佫Լûﵽ˽ЧĪӾ;Щд
ʱ䣬ѧһӵһЩ֮ܣŬ
Уͷųǳ׵ˣĵȼΪɷԼϵ֮ͨ
ںܶʱǿʵȡĵȼʩչˣжյľ̶ȡ
Ϊ֧֮򵥵һΪоУܹӳһСʿ֮
ڽĪÿ˹̶֮⣬ȫȫѧϰ÷ЩĪӻΪ̰ĸͷ÷ҡͷʧЦˣԼһɢޣﱾû̫ĪѧϰĪڵΪ磬ʺѧϰľ͸ˡ
Ȼһ֮Īӷ֣Լֽ׶ѧѾѧˣʣµһҪȵĪΪ֮󣬲ܹѧϰ
ĪӵҲûʧھڶ࣬ѧļҲ㹻Լúõĥһҳ֮⣬ԼҪ续
һʱҴҶһأĪӺ÷ûɽ÷۶ȹȥºӹ壬Īӵļ
Դ˵֮ܵĪӵļ±ˣ÷ĵĪҵرøˡ
ȵؽ֮ĪӺ÷ɽһƽӣһºһ죬λ֮ͣȴͻȻɽ÷ۣ÷ƽ
ʦ֣ˣɽɽ£۵һ˿ɽһ˵
˵ȻһϮۣȴǳĸߴ⣬ϵҲЩϵһϮۣ·ϱ˿ܻΪһˡ
ȻˣǾͺɣ˱˵ĵ̣ҪǲһкһɽͷЩʧˣ˳ʦֵһʿбһѳ˫ֱڱ۴ǰɽ˵
ԼʦֵĻǸĵһתڵڴһ
Իʦ壬ǰݼɽ÷
վף쳹ɽ֣Զ֮еˣҲ
ɽϵĪӣͻȻĺҲʱһתͷɽȥ
Ī˫ֳɽָ״תԼ˫֮ǰ˫Ŀһ֮󣬾Ŀɽ£Ӱվ
һĿͬʱ˿һЩܿĶ
ʹ֮ɽ˵ĴźĿĪӶһгǸӦþǸղźˣһ൹ǺƣĪӿԷݣ֪Ϊʲô̾͸ֳ֡
αӣ
Īӿݵʱ򣬶ԷҲͻȻ̧ͷߺĪӵ߶ϣĪӿ˶Է˫ۣͫ׾ȻһһתԼεס
һ˲䣬ĪֻоԼͻȻ˼άЩԴЩγģҪһͷԵ˯ȥ
ʱĪʶ֮еһ첻⣬âȻһ£ʱĪӾѣѸٵƿ˫ۣϳһĨ֮ɫ
գһ˶Էĵˣ
ףӣڵɽ壬ĪӾȻԼߣɵһ˵
ôˣʦ֣һԵԻͶɻĿ⣬ϴЦ⣬ҡҡͷ˵
ûʲôɽиСղžȻҵֶΣЩϣ
ʱɽϣ÷ҲĪӵߣϴź֮ɫĪӣüͷ΢΢
ԷûɽͿʼԼƣ߲ư
ʱҪˣ·ţҪˣҲգҿʲôĻɫ÷˵꣬ĿҲɽ÷۽ӽˣվȴš
ʱͼ÷۵ſڣվſڵ÷бųǰһǰӡʩƶ壬ʦԻ÷
ԭѺԻѣ֪λѴӺζ÷Ск£÷ͷһ˵һߴŶ˵Ϊ
֮ǰ˵Ǹ壬ԷΪѾﵽ֮Ǻ÷ͬʿǸԻΪӦû֮ҪĪǿһЩ
Īվ÷ߣҲϸˣر˵Ǹ壬һպĽɫղһӴԼͳ˴ԼûжйأԼȫû뵽ֻǵһμ棬һĽӴԷͻ֡
Ҳûʲô£ֻʦֵܶƯˣҲ˻ʳӰ٣ӽͺ͵ͬˣӦǰݷһ˵֮ʱжһöСӡл˻Ρ
ĪӿöСӡ֪Է˵Ŀܲ٣÷ҲһöСӡǻʳ䷢ٵӡ
ô˵λǰɽĲ֮ͣӰصĵ٣Ī뵽ԴӼǰӰصһλɺ׵ڳ֮䣬Ӱֻ÷һ٣ֶҲôѺõģ֪ǰĿʲô


ڶʮ 
Ŷԭλĵ٣ʧˣ÷֪ǰ˵֮ϵı鲻ûи˼֡
ʦֵܶ˽ǰҪݷһµ⻹ϣܹ͵дһϣָ̡忴Ŷ÷䲻ĪӣӦ÷֮Уû˲У΢΢һһԵԻʹ˸ɫ˵
дһѲ˵˵ôд跨÷֪ǰ˰Լӣ÷֮УֻԼĪӶˣƺһЩ̫õ˼
ʤˣʦֵܶתߣӴɽƵУ÷ˣǲط뿪ӰأȥĵطţϴЦݣòĿ˵
޷ˣȻˣҾһѵֶΣ÷ʱѾˣԷҪ̰Ҳ˵ϵ飬ԼܴӦ˵ԼӰѾӪôãͿҪջʱô뿪
ŵǿ÷֣ɴĴɱȴЩģʦֵܣôǱ᲻ỹһλʦʦš
˿Ǿ͵ˣ÷Ļ̵ͷһ䣬Ȼתϵбŵı̴ı˳һ⣬÷ȥ
Īվ÷ߣһһֻһ̻ĺëˡ
ûĪκηӦվǰ÷һ𣬿ӵĪӵϣȻĪӾ͸оԼ壬һͶǿȥƮƮķɳʮԶ

ͬʱĪӵĶߴһ֮Ȼ㿴֪ʱ÷Ҳһѳסǰѷķɽ
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龰÷ŲæͬһӡΧĵ΢΢һ£Ȼ֮ס˷ķУһͼǰѷ׷ɵķɽץ
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øߵľз裬ȥΪ÷Ķ֣ƺֵ࣬ڣеĻûͣΪҲȷС
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еķͬһʱ伤ͷųܵһ¶ΧĿ˲˼ȣЩһĲ֮£۳һŵĻ÷ȥ
ȻôãĪӿֶΣִ۽ĸоҲѧϰ˷ܹƲȽϵ͵ķһֱЩȽСս֮У̫á
ڿʹ÷ķʽǽͷű
Ĳ֮£Щ֮У̽ЩȼΧȼһƬܴ𣬻צ÷
ܵ÷Ҫ㿪ȴ뵽÷ۻĪӣִͷ
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Ļǰɢ÷ôԭأذڶһԵ衣
û뵽컹ջ˵ˣ忴һ⣬һɫȣɢӨӨ⣬覵̶ɣ忴Ĳϲ
ã͸һ仰վͱ׵ɽ仰÷һâжʱɱʢ
µû£ԹһЦһģһųɫӴɳǰ
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÷ֶŴһУյУڵһ㣬һεضǰγһƬϣסǹĻˡ
üͷ΢壬ԼȻ֪λᱻ׵ĵס
ϸһͷЩס˵ΧȻһȦˮЩӵıγһˮĤû˵
ȻһǺˣеȣպҪΪ¾ϼˣˮ̾ˣ漴ҡҡͷ˵
Ͳ͸²ˣڻһ룬ܹõ뿪ɽɣ÷ڶĻȫ޶ԣеĴٴڵһ㣬һƶȥʼΪ
ﵽϣ˫ڶʼ汾ˣԶΧķɽٻأٷɧš
Ī˳ʮףΪü˽ֵĶԽԽˣվ̫пܱ
Ī˵ʱͬվǱ߹ۿԻʱȴͻȻע⵽Īӡ
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£ԻĪӿʼƶܿͽӽĪӵߣ׼䲻ĽĪס
ۿѾĪӲʮףԻͷѾϲҽСסϼһﻹ־ܣ
һתԻ׼Ҫʩչʱվʮ״ĪӣʱȴͻȻתԻ㷢һа׳ľ̡
һµǳ䲻⣬ԭ׼Ҫ׽Ի뵽Ѿ϶ȻҪֵʱһ֣˵˲˸Ե
ûκεǸа׳ḷֱ̌Ӵ̽ԻļͬʱᣬĪгһŷ˲佫

һԻΧͻȻܳ˼˲ϣԻֽŶ
ֱһ̣ԻвŷһҽУڽֵ÷ˣͬʱע⵽ߵ


ڶʮ Īս
ǸȻһСëԼʦܵĲ״ʱͷûæҲͰˣһ۷徳ˣȻһΪֻڵСУ˵ȥЩˡ
÷һĻȴ¶һĨЦ⣬Է͵ɷʴװԼһ꣬ΪҲԷҲԶԶ磬ۼգԷ治һԼӵĶ֡
ĪѧϰȻûж٣ҲΪ٣ԶԼĶͽ˷ϰʶ֮һ첻İĪӶԼѧϰ⼸Ѿյķǳˡ
ԻҽУĪ˫һ£˲ʱ䣬ٴ˷۳һḷ̌һԻȥ
Īһζһ˴ˣҪһº֣˵Щ̫ϰߡ
÷̵֮ʱ˴ĪӸ֪ʶ֮⣬ҲὫԼһЩĪĪ֪֮Ǻյġ
ԣֻ΢΢˲룬ĪӾ֪Լô÷ٻǼǶôͣԼܹ취ѿԷΪԼߣԼǿҪʵѲ˶ڳᣬԼɲöԷдϢ֮
Īڶḷ̌зҽеԻҲ˲üҽУٲӦԼľҪԵˡ
ϵʹԻȫתڵסֽŵֱӱ˳ͬʱһٶĪľ̡
ϧˣĪӿԻȥˣвɸеЩϧͬʱŲٷӦתźȥ
ȻԷӦԼеΣˣܺͶԷӲӲԼȡС
ĪӸ뿪ԼղվĵطãһȭͷСĻ䵽ղվĵطڵըһڴСаҵĿӡ
СӣҪɱ㣡
ʱԻŭĺҲˣڶ÷嶼ע߷ɢһ㡣
÷Īźɽȥ΢һ㣬֪ĪҪ֮ƣԻ
ɽϣĪѾǳϤˣĪӵֻҪɽ˵׶༪ٵķԻ
֮;Խÿ֮ĲԽ֮ͬһΪʵ̫ԣúܶ취㡣
Իźɽ׷ȥں÷ʱȻڵȥ׷ǸСӣһԸϼһҶ֮ɵʱǸСӻ󣡡
Լʦֺ仰ոսϵľ̰γǸɽ׼׷ȡȥԻͣס˽Ųתͷ÷ȥĪӵĴ㡣
Լʦ˵ģҪʰϼһʣǸСģʱ򻹲Լ
ãʱ÷ͷȴǰһãԻΪֻ֮Լ˵Լһ൱Ķ֣ټԱһԻɧţԼ¾ͻ·硣
ֻ취䲻ĸɵԻ÷뵽
ǱߵԻ֪ǲǲ³÷˼ˣֻվԶӡ۳һ÷Ĳ÷
龰÷ҲеΣֻҧҧСͨ
Сͨľڼף
СͨΧĲľ׷÷ϻۣ֮䣬÷㻯һҵСˣһӣһƬľ絶ǱߵԻȥ
Сͨ𣡡÷ѾʩչСͨҲʩչԼСͨ۳һųѪĻ棬÷ȥ
÷һľ澹Ȼֱ䵽÷Сϡ
ʦֻͨҪȷ˹Ŀ꣬ͬȣݣסģվһԵԻ״̹Цֻ֣ҪͨһϾǴѶ
ԻЦ֮ʱһľϢĴĿֱָĺġ
һ̣ԻǱ۾һ㣬Ȼ֮гһѴ󵶣һͽǵľ롣
СӣͷˣԻЦһϵЦݽסˣΪȻû֮УĪӵټ
ûеٴλͷͻȻ;ñһʹһѾıаγŲԶĲݴԷȥ
ľĪӵ¶ֽɻذ׽סɵٴ۳һḷ̌Ѿ˵Իȥ
ľϰеذףҲ÷ķշ׷׽
һľ̷Իһ£ǿڵһ򣬺ľײһ
һȴԻĿһѪղĪӵ͵Ϯذ״ĺģѾ࣬ûҩΣѾˡ
Īӿ˵ԻƺȻŷ֮вɵЩأڵѾûʣ¶ˣʩչľĻֻ۳ḷ֪ܷ̌Ի
ʦ־ңԻҲоԼƣƴóһöٵһ£ȻһԵ
ں÷ĽսѾ˹ؼʱ̣÷ɵСˣѾһ棬һʱ֮Ϩھڵ÷ӻ֮һ̣ԼͿһɱ
뵽һöУ۶ֽ˽
ʱʦܵԼǸʦܣȻһվҴͷ޲ðͷɵ
Ī۵һѾַɳȻԸ÷һɱĻᣬҲ뿴ԻʦȻ˵Ǵһ㣬³çһ㣬ڻԼպܶҲ̫㡣
һ֣һзɳĪǸľնأס÷ץסᣬٵĴӻ֮Ȼʹö֮ǰǰһ
״۶еöûѡ񼤷зһε̾Ϣ
ջƯǰĳɫ飬첽ԻߣóһŵҩĿС
д裬ΪֹΣѾȥˣԻϵˣҪһطǳ鷳
ʹ򣬲Ҫ֣ͣôõ飡÷ޱĿڣϵûƺʱ׼֡
÷Ļϵıһ˵ٴȥĻҲռʲôˡ
ռʲôˣҲԲ֪÷˿ã̬ȷǳǿӲ
忴˿ڵϵԻһȻǵҪΣ
ձ֮ط߾ߣ÷ˣҲͻȻһ˵
÷һЩͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ΢΢˵ͷ


ڶʮ 
о࣬һƵƷϹɽЩðˣ͵֮ȻҪջǾһѪԻ뿪
÷һ֮³֡
Ǿټһŵɽ֮Һʦܾ뿪Ӱأȥطţ֪˿ɹڵɫҲЩˣȻˣǲҪίȫ
ɣ÷ͷһͬˡ
÷ͬ⣬̽еľŵ˵ϣȻʹ֮ɫѾһЩԻʲôҲûٶ˵תɽȥ
ĪӿɽıӰΪɽ֮ǰܻһĺݻԷô뿪ˡ
ϸһ룬ˣЩ̺ݻ˵ǸӵĿ£Ҳ˼ɵ
һ۷ڵϵľ࣬Īǰ׼ʱȴ÷е
𶯣
ĪӶһͣͷԼʦȻٿϵľ࣬Ȼ뵽ʲô˼
÷ĪӵĶԭ׼ѵĻҲ˻ЩĪԼʵһҲͦá
Ī˳ʮ֮ٴ۳һḷ̌Ǹڵϵľࡣ
䣡
ھ౻Ųһ˲䣬һӾ·žҵıը
⣡ĪĲ֪˵ʲôˣԷ˼Ƿǳٽ÷ǰԼЩĪӾԼҪһҪСġ
̫Ծɢ޵֮ҪС£ҲһҪСģһεģпһνѵܰˣ÷ʱĳĿڡ
ӼסˣĪӵͷεļ
ʱѾߵɽµˣҲɽϴıը
ʦ֣Ǹϼһûˣɱȥɣ̷ŵҩԻѾΣգɫȻЩ԰ףǱסˣɽϴһԵ˵
ˣϼһСأ߰ɣҵطˣȻ뿪ӰءתͷһɽϣȻҡҡͷ˵
ʦ֣ѵľôˣʲԻǲ֮ɫ޲̾ɱȥɽϵ˸ɵ
ʲҲʣ̫⣬ȻһСУ˵ҽͽϼһɵˣ߰ɣҼ£պлֻġû᲻ɵԻǰȥ
Ի״ҲֻܸںϣϣԼʦ˵ģ˾ͳֻġ
һսķ䵽Īӵ
ЩߣӦҲɢ޵ƷһƣȫԹֵģû̫ô
һȻƷ̫ǿˣԹֵɱҲ㣬÷ѹϣĪȥҲã˳ҲĪʵһ£θ֮ƣŪҲۡ
Ī˵õĵڶȻЧЩߣܹԸ֣ĪӾҲܲҲ̵Ľ
սĺۼ֮÷۵ǰֱûȻһˣֻգƺôһ㣬ǲϸֱĻҲʲô
ʦˣΪʲôҪ鷳ΪʦӰصĵ٣սɨϣĪ÷ߣʳһ⡣
һЩϸڣȴǣ㣬ϵһ£ҲգΪʦվͽеΪʦ֮ͻף÷Īӣж˵⡣
Īڶ֮ʱı֣ʵǳۣһκ˶֪ﳤ̣ܶ䲻⽫Իˣ֮ûгɣһϵоٴ룬÷ие˵ĪӵĻⳡľ滹δ֪
֪ʳѾ˶ꣿڸĪӽ֮ǰ÷ʳһ⡣
÷ʻĪѸԺ֮л룬꣬õ鷿пĵʳһٰʮ꣬Ѿʮһˣȥʱ⣬ҲǻʳѾǵһپʮˡ
Ϲŵһ˻֮ÿһλλ˻ʣֻҪǸλãΪٸߣҲվⲻһϲƺǶ˻֮λһ䣬ûκһλ˻ܹ䣬޵ʱ䣬꣡ûеĪӻش÷˵
ĴޣĪȻ֮·ץסʲôһʱ֮ûס
Ϲ֮ʱһλ˻Ϊͨ죬λ˰գ֮ÿһ˻ʣȫڶ֮գһ⣬ʳĿ̫棬ѾҪӽʱˣ÷̾һ˵
Ĵʱ䣬ζʱ䣬λĻʳ˻ʣͻǰ˻һޡ
Ȼ̫ܲǡÿһλ˻λȻģ˻ʴҲΪƾǵΪ磬ԪԶֹ꣬һ䣬˻ʵ䡣
ѵ˵Ȩ֮ʱһЩ÷ۣĪӵԺ֮УðԽ֮ǰЩӰƷȨ֮ʱӶմϷ
ˣ˻ʵǸλãɲôģĻңӵԽԴǸλòûжҰģǸλõ˲࣬ȻȨĽ棬ʼҲһЩһԱġ÷·𿴳Īӵ뷨ʳ֮ǰһشˡ
ĪӵͷҲӦòⷽ⣬÷۵شƫԶ÷ҲֻӰصĵ٣һΣ˴Ŷԡ
ԻˣʱѾݣҲĵ٣ͬҲһΣòǶ൱Ŀأôܾܿͳڵϡ
÷ҲûټӣֱӰĴ˵˳
ΪʦӰأΪӰصĵ٣ʵһֱҲڵȴ˻Ĵ֮ڣΪһԵһܹ뷷ΪĻԵ
÷˵仰ĪӶЩԼǲˣ
ΪĻԵĪӿ߶һ䡣
һܹΪĻԵΪʦ֮·һٶ꣬Ϊſﵽ꾳磬ԪȻ޶࣬һûԵˣǲ׹ֻأΪޣֻѡΪ飡÷ԼΨһĵӣվ¶˳
ڣӦѾһˣϾһʼܾʹڰ빫߶֪һԵͬʱҲŷգвͬ÷ɢޣԸС
÷жһˣѡһطǰפأɽԻǺߣͬҪԵֻһЩӰѾ÷£ѡ˽÷߻Ǹɵϧʧܵȴǡ


ڶʮ ǰŻ
÷һĪڽʼĩˡ
ϸڴˣĵʳ˻Ͻһپʮ꣬˻Ȼλ
ڵʳ֮ǰĵڶʳΪϣǵͳγ꣬ʱ䣬ʱ̫ˡ
µĻʳʱ䣬ûа취һĻʳӰ׵Ĩȥ
ÿһʳһλ˻ʣ߱۲ŴԣλʱЩдӰ죬ܹһһѹƣһֱɨ
ǵȵ˻޵ʱµ˻ʼλǰµһЩԻµġ
Ϊ鷳ģ˼飬ʳҪԵĴѣڤ
ĴڣȴַΪ֣һ飬ǵ֮ƿ֮ĳַӵǿһǺ飬ǵλ뷷;
ʳ뷷ʸڵڶʳ֮У˵뷷ν൱ӴˣЩ֮һ֣ڸĳʱͱˣȴиŴš
Ϊ鷳ǣڤ֮Уһڵڶʳͥлеڶʳ˻ʣȻƿЩ
˼ĵڶʳѾƷڤ֮еĵڶʳͥȴȻһȻʳĿ˻֮Ҳڤ֮С
µ˻ʽڤͱڤ֮пµͥ͵ڶʳ֮ͥĦһɱ飬ǳĳЩԭ򣬺ܶɣµĻʳ˻ʣ֮ܲܽڤһ⡣
ԭΪѾƽˣϾµĻʳҪˣû뵽Ȼô顣˽Щ֮Ī
Ҫ޵˻ʣڤ֮нԼµͥԾʮǰѾʼֳﱸԼ֮£бɢޣԷ÷ӰصģԻͻȻŵĲ֮ͣҲͬ÷ۣһͻ
ϾҪлʳ뷷⣬ҲǵһЩǰģǻʳһֽ뷷⣬ܹһ̷һδҲЩ̫˰ɡ
ܻĶţԣͽ򲻿ɷҪΪʦս֮ʱܹԱԭίĪӣ÷ɫЩصļһ䡣
Īӵ˵ͷһ㲻Ҫ÷˵Լʵף˵һţ˵и࣬Ի˾࣬һγ˿뿪Ʋưոݣ˵ʲôʱͻӡ
÷ԭҲ뽫£ȴûǸҲֻܷ뿪
ε飬ĪÿʱӳһЩΪ̫ˣҲȱԱֶΣһζԸǸԻǶԷ⣬Īģ䲻ĽԻˣҪǺͶԷ潻֣ԿľĪԼ
Ϊʼղһ͵ģ÷ҲûʲôܹΪĵҩԸĪӷãֻܿĪԼԼּȱԱ֮ĪӾͽĵط
һĪӻǲˣǿҲͬҪߵΪĪԺ֮ееǰͨǹˮ֮ڿԴġ
ͨĪҲоĵһǰĪֱӷ˶ʱп뷨Ӧǣǳ֮÷
֮ͨ⣬ܶʱĪսģȻҪˣĪһǵ÷ذףһǸոֵľࡣ
ôǿоƣĪӵǰذףֻпơ
Ʋ϶кܴռ䣬ɸĽƣĪҲּ
ϸо϶÷̣Ī׼Ÿ֮һƣѡĿ꣬ȴһ࣬еһذס
һ˵ֻҪһƣͿһ͵ȵƷӵĵϵĽƣһƷﵽߵϵĽƣ㱻Ʒ
һɵĽȴǾŵǿԸ࣬ͷƲйء
ӵ˸ĽƣȴζŷӽֻҪЩûб˴˹γһǷʼǷ
ӵʮϽƵķҲһƣǼƷ
һЩɢ޽ƫ棬ԼȻƲǲһѵļƷҲС
Ľ̫ãҵƣ·֮еĽƱ˴˳ͻûɼƷ˱ըλҲɥҲһϣ֮йΪĪ׼ּ֮ʱ÷רŸ£Ҫ
ɽɽĪ˫һذף÷ڼ֪ʶĺһڵת˫֮䣬ʶеľ͸ͬ뵽Լ˫еذڡ
ھǣ֮£Īӵʼذ֮۳һϸСķģϣı֯һ״Ľṹ뵽ذ֮С
ǽˣĻĪʼѧķģͨͬĵϣ֯ɵĽƣвͬЧǳ档
ű֯õһƽ룬ĪͷһεεĺΣΪ̫ǳȻڣ飬Ī˵ĲС
һƷĻĪӵĳܷΧ֮ڣûãĪӵϾ¶һ˿ϲɫϵĹƽ
ˣ
ĪϴЦݣ𾭹ذףǰϸĹۿ
ֻذ֮£һĨɭɭĺâһ;÷ǳķĪĻӶһ£ֻذԼٶڿлϢûиܵ˿
ذ֮ԭȾƣһзĻһܱٿصĻƣÿһ֮жС
һƣֻһǾذױøӷ
Ƶķǳ򵥣ȴ൱Ĳذ׵ĲϼΪƣϵԷ˳
ĪҲǻһƣ˵ƣܹذײ˿ʹٶȻ졣
ϢƬ̣ĵĪԼƵĳɹذ׵ٶȹȻ˺ܶ࣬ΪٶȱˣҲ
һƣܹóɹĪӾѾ൱ˣƵЧҲȫﵽԼĪӸоǳ
ⷽһеֵģԺٽһһ£˵ԺΪˣҲܹƳ
һ뵽ĪԺ֮̾͸ֳ÷Ĵȣǿųɫ飬ֳԶڷ֮ϣ֮ܣʵ


ڶʮ 
ɽ£רעһʱʱǹ÷ɿ죬ת۲֪ǰȥˡ
ʱ䣬Īӵı仯Сǵ˳ɳڵԵʣ֮гúܿ죬ѾдԼһԭɽϴ·ͱȽϿڿǸӺˡ
Īӿ̿ʶ֮һ첻İĪӵΪڣڵ˼յҲ˲١
һյ峿Īûеϵȴ÷ķͻȻˡ
п˵ˣͽȥ׼һЩϹˮһ׼д÷ӷ֮߳ĪӷԸһ䡣
֪ˣĪӵͷ˫ֲɽָԼ˫֮ǰĿͶɽ£Ϳɽɽ£м׼ɽ
˵ӣĪӷ־Ȼˡ
Ӱص𡢳䱸λˣʲôֵˣĪһͷ
ɽļˣӰصԼسɺ䱸ɽλһͬǰԲû÷ɵģ˼ֵ飬÷ֵġ
ҡҡͷĪתó˼ϹϴһȻùװãó˼յĲ豭˲ҶţĪתڵһȵ
ۣ
ĪӵΧĿ֮Уһˮۣٵľ۳һˮţȻֳַ˼ˮ뵽˼ŵĲ豭֮С
豭Īתڵ⼸豭ǣֻһ֮У⼸豭֮еˮٵð˿˿Ƶͬʱڲˮ㣬Ҳ˳ΧƮɢ
֮䣬ĪջϷŵļˮʱҲɢ˹̵Ũķ㡣
÷һҵǰţĪҪ֣
ˣλʹݹ٣԰
תͷĪӾ⴫Ľ̸漴һЦʱոպã
ĪӽˮϹ˺ã뼸̸ķУڿŵһ˲䣬ڳ˶Ŀ⿴Īӡ
ʦλˣò裡˵Ŀ⣬ĪӲŲæŲˮϹڷϣȻ׼תȥ
ɻûߵſڣԼĻ
ӣϸĵ̣ԽˣѾ˼ʱ򣬽˵ӣʵĽ
ڿԼĪڵǲóȥˣֻתһ󱲵ǣ佱ĸл
˹ˡ÷佱ĪӣҲǹһЦ˿佱ԼĵӣƺȿԼҪԼоˡ
˼л֮󣬻ת⣬ʱĪû뿪ҼûԼȥ˼Ҳһ˵⵽ʲô
ڰ֮ǰص뵽仧÷¶ˡ𿪿ڣ׼Ľ⡣
ȷд£˾ȻֱӶ֣Ҳ̫ĳͻϾҲ֮÷˵ͷϵı
֮ͽȻʴˣŴ޽·ţ˳ƻʳĵ٣Ҳⲻ㲻֮Դ֮򲻿̡һԵɽʱ򿪿ڲһ䡣
ǰ´޽ЩˣҲ̲ס׷˳سҲһ仰
ŶӰ֮Уһλ˳𣿡÷ʵ
ҲеЩ⣬ӰҲǵشƫԶĳ֮ʱǰӦǱ˲Ŷԣ©֮㣬ƺҲӦôϾڿʵۻλĳͷ񣬾ǲк³ġ
ȷһʼįˣȽϴûֱӳ֣ǷһЩ˿ҵȻδע⵽ɽ˵ͷ˵
֪һλ÷ɫʵ
յϢλӦòˣǰ뷷顣سɽӹ˵
ҷӰ־ǰӰر뷷ΪһλλѾ䣬ýѲڣڤ֮ҲûԲǡ
ʣµλһӰصİ񲮣ǰӰص𣬴տĸ·Ȼǰ׷⣬𹩷ӷƷλ
һλϪˮ񣬾ݼӰǰһλ䱸Ϊˮպͬھս󱻷ΪƷϪˮ񡣡
Īվţس˵Ϫˮʱ΢΢һ¡
νϪĪϼºӹԱߵһСӣٴηֳһ֧ûСӾȻҲˮ
ȻˮԶʱڵĲ̫ͣܶණһûнӴ
Ī뷨ٴοˡ
ҵΪ飬Ͼ¹غǴҵ档
÷ԳƬ̣ſڵʳڶЩǰ飬֪Ǻ̬ȣ
£Ϊϣʵڤ粻ߣԱ£û˿ԥĻشˡ
Щ뷷飬ȻǰģĹȴô򵥵ĨɱԶԴЩ飬ʳ̬ȣܹ£ľ£
÷ǣ˵һˣʵһϢϾһس˵СȻС˵Ҳûжܹٸأ
ǰЩͶ϶õʳĳϣµļӷ⣬͵ǵˡ
ЩҲЩ鷳ģһλ飬Ҳ˵ûУԸҲ࣬ΪӰǶ෽ġ
һܻԼһ棬ȽŽᣬһпһ飬ʲô
Ȼ˶ԷǲȲԷݣȻ̽һ¶Է̬ȣ֮ΡʱԷƻʳģǲȥ˵Ҳһ£ԷȻǰǡ÷Լ̬ȣһ˵ûȫ˼Ҷס
˵ͷҵ˼͵࣬ȲԷݣʱӴһ£ܾҪ鷳ˡ
˵ĪҲˣһ׼÷ȺͶԷӴҲֻ÷
÷Ϊ֮ͶԷӴԱ֮÷ҲʣҲǴЩġ
ˣȻ岻ݴǡ÷ԣ˵ͷӦ
öһЩϸڣһԷݣ˵꣬˵һЩлŸ뿪
żɽıӰĪӻȥʰöȻּԼδɵĿ
˺÷̸ȻǳĸȤĪȴ֪ʲô飬ʼջԼס


ڶʮ Ϫˮ
Ϫӵķֻ֧һСϪϪˮ峺֮ӰΪԴͷ֮»ӡ
Ӱص־أϪܿΪɵģΪʱѾȽϾԶⷽļѾʧĽ϶࣬ԾϢ޴ӿ֤
ӰһЩİ˵ϪǷǳҪũæʱȡˮȣϾʱͬʱҲǺͯϷĺȥ
뿪÷ʱ֮󣬾ǲһλŵĲֻ÷һ仰
෽֤λܿϪˮ񣡡
÷ҪѯһЩϸڣλõĲȴֻ֪ܴ뿪
ȵλ뿪֮÷һԵĪ˵ͽ׼ΪʦɽȥӰһˣԭίȥλϪˮ񣡡
֪ˣͽȥ׼÷ҪԼһɽĪӵ¶һЦݣϿȥʰһ¡
Īڻûд﷨ҪϵĶֻܴһԼʰá
ڴ﷨ĪһֱҪһ÷УԼҲֻһҲֱӸĪӡ
֮У﷨ԶԻͦģͬΪķֵߣһҲв١
ͬ÷䣬ĪǰһֱĽ÷һӣͽǰһʱ䣬Ͳ÷ѧű£÷ûн̸
ڱĪӷ˼֮÷ڰĪӽеߣԼһؿ۷Ī֪˴
ԭ÷֮УȻһ÷ÿһζһӣͽԭ
ʱ֪ܵĪӣʧ֮ԱȻŭ÷еĳͷһĪӣʱ֮Уһŵ
Īӽ뷿֮Уٵʰ˼һССңϱ˳ȥ
ҪĶҲûʲôҲһЩ׼ܵõ
Īһ˾ȻҪȥһλϪˮǺпܾͻؼһˣһԼҪСһҪȻȥСһﶼԼˡ
ڼСһѾ꣬˿ԿʼƤʱ䣬һλȥʱĪӵĸ׻ԹСһʵ̫ˣĪСʱȽ
ʱĪӿĸϵЦݣȴ֪ĸȻԹȴǸ˵ģŮĵƤԸĸ˵Ҳֵ֮һ֡
Īʰҳ÷ֽҽ˹Ȼһӣͽˡ
÷ͺĪɽˣ·λõĲۻ̵ţԷĪӺ÷ʱ΢΢һ¡
λۿĪ˺ԼŲҲǲߵľǱԼܶ࣬գ۵Ĺ򣬾˦Լס
ȻǸˣ·ô죡λҡҡͷ̾һ䣬ȻԼƵĸ·ٶȷȸղŻһЩ
Ϊ֪ԼܶȣҲԲܸ÷Ī֮ǰصãԼȥʱλӦˣǾͿ˵ûԼʲô¶ˣԼҲôżŸϻȥ
ĪӺ÷һûлʱ䣬ٴӰسǣܿ㵽ãͰسˡ
û뵽ô죬û뵽Լȥã÷ʹԼĵֱӹˣϲɵ¶Цݣô죬˵÷ǳӣ˵ܺðһ㡣
¹ش󣬲òǰ˵һ˵ȥҲ˽һЩ÷û̫һȻ㿪żɽ˵
Īվ÷󣬰ţԼڻûʸͬҲûзʸԱְͺˡ
»˵ɡسڴ֮󣬱˵
֮ͨǰյʱ䣬ӴȵĲѯ˶Էĺβ͡ǰСʱеĴ峤ǣʱ䣬Ǵмλ˯֮ʱΣʩһЩݣ⼸λҵ˼ʧ֮ڲ֮ʱ˲ջ񣬻⼸ĸмҪΪλ峤ѯһ£λǷ룬ܷΪ佨
֮;ѰңҲҵ˶ԷһЩ˿Щ嶼һͬص㣬ȫϪ֮ʶҵȲ²⣬ԷӦϪˮɡ
س˵꣬÷˵ͷҲͬ˶Էжϡ
ȻѾȷ˶ԷݣǽұȥӴһ¶ԷλϪˮ񵽵ǷԸƻʳ÷˵꣬Ŀ⿴
̻⣬˵ȥӴϪˮԷԸƻʳԸԸϱãΪһԻüӷ⡣
Ŵԣ÷ĵͷ𿪳ҲͶԷӴ£ԷʱȻҲֻǿտڰ׻ȴ׿ŵ
ˣ²˳٣̱㶯ȥһλϪˮ񡣡õԼҪĴ𰸣÷ǳɴ˵Īӱ뿪ˡ
뿪ãĪӸ÷ĺ棬;ڽֱһЩҲ׼ȥܵõģȻһЩǸĸ׼ġ
뿪Ӱس֮ĪӿԼǰ÷̲סʵʦ鵽ǿ
Īӵʻ÷ûлͷһһ߿ڵһҲǿǿɽժҲУԳڤ䱾Ҳ
֮䣬ѾѵһΪ飬Ϊʳ뷷⣬ǰǻʳԱʶƷҲȡǹԱƷ͵ȵΪƷ൱λϪˮǰƷλӦúΪʦΪ൱ֻ˵ûԪƣһȴȲϵġ
÷һ˵ţŲķŻһЩΪ˵ǰԶѾһϪڻʣϪˮ峺Ϫˡ
÷ϪˮԣһгһŻֽһ֧ʣȻϪˮ֮ԣеֽд
Īǰȥ÷ֽдӰص÷ǰݷϪˮϣһ
̶̵һ仰д꣬÷ٴһóԼĵӡŻֽϸһӡǣ󽫻ֽ˸ָۣˮС
ͿȷλϪˮܹյõĪЩʣ֪÷ղͳĻֽܷ񵽴λϪˮС
ҪС֮ܣһλĹϽΧڣֻҪԷԸ⣬С޷Է۾ҵžͺá÷Īһ˵
ȻܿͰʱȥˣΧȻûаĶλνϪˮҲ˿ûгֵļ
÷üͷ΢壬ҲټˣǴĪӣ˳Ϫȥ
Ϫ֮еĳһղ÷ͳŻֽһ˫š
û뵽µĻʳԱӦôŸոճգѾˡһ̾ϢЩĵϪ⴦λ𣬿ϧȴ


ڶʮ ɼ
ĪӸ÷һ·˳Ϫߣ÷Ŀʼû뿪ˮ棬ĪҲûгţôĬĬš
ĪҲΪԼʩһ·Ҳϸˮ棬ͼܹʲô˿
һ·ţһˮ÷ĽŲͣˮ溰Ӱص÷ˣǰݷϪˮ񣬻һ
÷ĻĪĿϸĴˮеÿһ磬ϧ˿ûпκε⣬÷֮ˮȻƽλϪˮûг
÷״üͷ΢΢һ壬ֱһˮըһˮ
һ֮Ī̾ͿƽˮϣͻȻˮʼӿȻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱۳һΣȻ볣졣
ˣϪˮ񣿡ˮ֮ϳӰĪϸȥ
ֻӰĸߴͺӰص䱸ɽ࣬ŨüۣмִλǰҲһλ䱸ʵ
ұԸαҪأλϪˮ֮ĵһ仰κε֮ԣε˵仰
òͻȻֻ֮ع飬عԱȻǲòע⣬ϾְڣҪ֣÷˵Լ̬ŵñȽϵ͡
ʵʲôֻҪԼϪһС˶ѣܷȥϪˮ񿪿ڣǳƽ
󣬲ֻ֣һʣڵĻʳο÷ϴЦݣԼҪ˳
ʳ޸ɣֻһССϪˮزᱻʳɣϪˮش
𣬱ϾˣѾĵʳˣĸڻʳ뷷⣬Լյ𣬲֪ԸڵĻʳ÷˵
˵Ըأ÷仰ϪˮͻȻ֮Щˣƺ÷ĻһЩɻ䡣
һΣ÷ѡ˳ĬԣǴȴڲ֮С
Īһֱ÷ϪˮĶԻҲǶ˽⣬ȻΪʶԵʣеĸϸڲ֪Ǵġ
ĪλͻȻðϪˮʵǳ⣬ΪԷʱðʱ˵ԡ
ʳĿ˻ʼޣڶٻмĹ⾰Ҫ˷ˣʱվڸʳһĶ
ҪͶʳҲȵڣʳѾҪˣҪͶʲôʱû᣿
ȻųԷһЩɿأ˵Ǳӡ֮ɣҲ÷ϣǰͶԷӴԭ
𲻷ٿһЩʱ䣬֮ʱӰصѾŵԸӦϱãΪӷ⣬ʱ˵λҲһ¡÷ĬƬ֮ջǿ˵
лһˣǰ뷷飬ǰҲǰ֮ڤ֮ͥҲ¼ģҳ¶ϪˮͻȻЦһȻԼĴ𰸡
ĪһЦȻмֺȴһΣͺǰʱ⣬ڲ϶ÿһԼģʾȻЦһֿʵһΡ
һ˲䣬ĪףһźܶĹ£ǣҲǳĶ࣬λϪˮһΣоΪ
ĪӶܹοḻ÷ȻϪˮʱ飬Ҳ΢׶ԷڵĴΣڴͬʹֵͬ飬Ҳֻѡ
ˣһҪˣ÷һ˵֮ʱѾһ÷ĵӡ
ӣɼٶ˵ʲôˣϪˮҡҡͷͻȻһ⣬µĺˮӿ۳һˮ籩һ㣬Űϵ÷ȻֱӾͶˡ
÷ڵеĵӡһǰһϣһֻŵӡصӡ˵ϡ
ĪʱѡʮףԶԶĶ㿪ˮĹΧ꾳Ľ֣ԼǶһ߿ͺá
ֻ÷ĵӡӡڵ֮ɢһȦɫӡǣѸٵӵˮ֮УݷˮϪˮ̸оһѹԼͽµϪмƺһЩˮЩѡ
Ϫˮûлţͨʳͳѹ飬ǵںܾǰԼҲֻû뵽гһգݴ䵽Լϡ
ǰһ粽ϪˮȻ뿪˺ˮѡϰսһУʱҲһѳһţ÷
ĪӿϪˮϵѵϣһȦȦˮһĲƣһնͬʱЩƷ·һ㣬Լˮ
÷ɫһ䣬ǰõķȻڶԷһ֮У׾ٵıնƣҵ浱ͷ£ƺûм֡
÷ķӦҲǳĿ죬һҪ䵽Լϵʱдȳֱ֣ӽһ£һֻֿһӡһ˲˹ء
ĪһĿתĿս֣Ϫˮɵƽ÷ķȻһϣֱӽ÷ֿŵĴ򷨣һλˮ񣬶һλ佫ʵλǰҲȷһ佫
ǰ䱸ģ³Ϊ֮սʽȻ佫硣ĪͬʱҲСĵע÷ߣڵѾʼתʱ׼֧Ԯ
÷Ϫˮһ͹ЩƣмܣԷеǰѳҲһķеĴ˿һ籩ĹûжٴϢֻܹ֮ƣӦһʱ֮侹Ȼ·硣
նۼ÷мܵԽԽѣԶĪӶ׼ҪˣλϪˮȴͻȻһеĳһ£Ȼ֮һĨ⣬նǿһ
һȷó棬ֻһȻĪӾͿ÷Ӱɳȥɵд󾪡
ʦ
огͬʱĪӿٵ˷÷Ϫˮ֮䣬̳һľǽ
ٵܵ÷ߣڵϵ÷Īӿ÷ļϣʱѾһһ߳˿ڡ
û£÷վĿ⿴վľǽ֮ǰûмϪˮȻһԼϵ˿ڣʵ
Ϊ֣ղһҪǿʵˣ첲վҪˣ
ĪʱҲĿ⿴˶Ϫˮ񣬶ԷֵվԼղľǽ֮ǰĿɨԼһۣȻſ÷˵
߰ɣɼֻҪסҪˣҲڵĻʳʲôĹҲעһЩطɣ
˵仰ϪˮеĵʧȻתˮ֮Уһ̲ˮˮ


ڶʮ ĪࡢĪ
飬ʱãս֮ͬУȫԿƶˣ뿪Ϫϲ̫Զĵط÷һߴϵƣһ΢Щ̾˵
ղźϪˮĽ֣Īӵһο÷սܣˣս֮УϪˮȳռȻԷһĹȫ÷ûдϢ֮ʱ֣ע⿴ԷԶ÷֮ϡ
ĪӸеĵǣ÷ƺûΪ̫黳һߴԼϵˣɫȽϵȻ
ʦǽӦô죬ǻãǼȥϪˮ񣿡Ī÷ѾҪʧ˿ڣʵ
ȲżãȵΪʦϵ˴ãٹȥû뵽Ϫˮô÷ԣҡҡͷĪ˵
ʦǲÿһ鶼ôǿʶϪˮսĪں֪һ⣬ǾǷҲ֮ǿ
⵹ҲȻ֮Ҳǿ߲һǿλϪˮ֮ͬٮٮߡ
ΪʦҲһѵͽպһҪס飬رЩʱ䳤߹ϽΧɽ󴨵飬һҪʮֵСģС˶Է÷һ˵ţһߴӵվϵ˿ѾˣȻûȫָǴѾ˵ļˡ
˵ؾºӹ岻ԶΪʦȥһңȥһҲüĪࡢĪСһ÷һ˵ţҲһ˿Цݡ
һԵĪԣҲЦſڵʦȥ֮СˣСһ˵Ҫһιʦĺӣ
÷񵽵ж꣬ĪӲ֪÷޶Ů֮ǰҲûչӣĪ÷յĵһӣҲǹŵӡ
ӣ÷Ҳ⣬ݼ֮£ĪӵļҲǳĲ֮ǰ֮ʱǺĪӵļһġ
ĪӼСһ÷ҲǳϲÿȥĪӵļУᱧһСһ
СһﲢûĪʣպҲߵ̫Զ÷΢еЩʧ
˴ºӹ岢Զֻʮľ룬ƾĪӺ÷ٶȣû̫õʱ䣬ºӹ塣
ߵԼǰûŶ룬ĪӾ洫
СӣԽԽˣȥ͵˼ҵļˣҽ첻úʰĪ࣬ܣ
ҪǲҺãҾͲˣ
ĶԻĪӺ÷һЦ֪СһƤϾҪʰˡ
ĪƿԺ߽ȥһ۾ͿһСкԼĸ׾סһֻ䣬Ա߻վһСŮһı顣
ĪӺ÷ĪӵĸϵĶһ٣ȻЩϲĵˣ
Ÿ䣬ԿĪѾĪӺ÷˹硢үүҪңأ
Īܵ÷ߣֱֱס÷Ĵȣ޵ıжˡ
ԴӼСһ֮ĪÿĴͶһЩرСһ￪ʼĪֽ֮·ٶȼӿˣһ˾ͷˡ
Ե÷ȻûĪڣÿһιСһЩҲǳСһ
ҪСһСǶǺõˣܹסСһһֱž÷ĺӡ
÷һЦֱ㽫ĪĪӵĸ׼״֪Ҫʰӣǲˡ
뷿У÷ĪóСһĶһЩʳߣͽСһﶺüЦȻŶܳȥСҫˡ
һ㶼ʡģӶûôƤʱɶˣһ㶼ҲġŻϲܳȥСһĪӵĸЩ˼˵
޷޷ҵǺϲСһӶСʱ̫ˣĺӱϾ÷һ߸ź룬ѸղûĪʱĽ⿪ЦǺǵ˵
ȵڵʱĪɽҲеĴӺ÷Ҳһϲɫ
ϵʱĪӵĸһòˣרд÷ԵʵģȻСһˡ
ҹʱĪԺ֮У̧ͷͷǳֻ˰һĻ
÷ϪˮˣǶԷֵĻ÷ǳΣգпܱԷնɱ
֮ǰԻھǼ֮ĪŬԼԱԭԼĳɳٶѾ൱ˡ
ڲʱ֮УΪͻһС磬˼µԼеһǰذ֮УҲѾƣľദͬһΡ
ͨоǰرǲԪˮ¼ĪӻһЩ򵥵Ŀˮ֮ⷽǰĪѧϰٶȣľе졣
ĽĪӱԼѾһЩԱ֮ˣǽٴθԼԱ֮ķǳԶ
ӰֻһƫԶСأټĻʳ֮кۣȻһطԼԱպǵ棬Ҳֻмβˡ
ͷǿգһſŷ˸ĪӶôϣԼܹӦǣǳ֮ǹˮͨԼͿԿʼˣֻҪͨﻹҪԼûԱ֮
ͽʲôأĪ˼׷֮ʱͻȻ÷
ʦֻǷһûʲôĪӻͷһ÷Ȼҡҡͷ˵
÷ûнӻĪӵߣ̧ͷͬǳ
ΪʦˣǲǾЩܣƬ֮÷ٴ
⣬ĪӲûлرܣĵͷ˵һԴӵӸʦֻǹȫʦĶ֣ʦǿܣΪͻȻЩûȫС
뷨ҲʵΪʦҲһΪС֮ʱúûаȫУΪʦȻԼʳΪʦҲȷ÷ǳƽ˵
Ϊʦ֮·һٶ꣬ûжãʦˣ֮֮УΪʦһ˿Ŀ˲֪ٵ·ΪһٶΪɢ֮УҲٶˡ˵÷һ٣ƺ£ԹĿ࣬һѾ
絽꾳磬񾳽磬ǰ·ΪʦѾ̽ˣΪʦΪȻߣӰؾڣΪʦܹסģֻҪͰҪ̫ãƾʣΪ̤꾳磬ԣڰķڶһΪʦڣ½յϪˮಫ¹˭֣δ֪أ˵һ仰÷վָһĪӵԴȻתȥˡ
Īþöƽûкڰ÷ΪʦҲûҹԼܹԵ÷Ϊʦ
ʦĪգգֻһ̣˫Щʣ


ʮ 
ڼдһһϣĪȫû˯ȻڵΪ˯ôҲûʲôϵȵպΪһߣԳ׸˯
ĪһҹԺ˺ܶ飬ǰǰ֣Щ£
ĪΪѾܺõ뵽ˣԼͬļˣһԼڵʦǰӵһ޿ܵδʼգӵһ˵˼άһǻʶ
ﻳܣͻʼյһᱻ˷֣ܹݵĵģֻԼǿһ·
ҹ÷˵ĻȷĴĪӣԼǻʶȻûл⣬ĪͬҲûţǼ⣬ΪǿԼбǿʱ䣬δ·Զޣʦ÷ΪԼڷ絲꣬ԺԼҲһ᳥ݶ顣
ڶϣ÷Ī׼Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬼Сһﻹں˯Ҳûоǡ
ȵ´λؼң͸룬СһȥˣĳˣÿˣɲС֮ǰĪתͷһ۷֮ں˯СһϴЦ˵
÷ҲͷСһȻ仹СЩҲˣʵڲо͵˽ӣǹѧ˵
ĪӵĸĸԣǸеϲͬʱָеһɳѹ
ԼҪȥ϶飬÷ǿԲΪѧѵǣǶѧ֮ȴҲ˼÷еⷽĿ֧ΣҪԼ
ĪӺ÷뿪֮ĪɽȴĶˡ
ҵģҪȥѧ²õѧѣĻҲСǼõĳ𣿡ĪӵĸЩǵʵ
òҲҪã¹ӵǰ;Ǽ飬÷Ĺˣһᣬβܵӡɸ÷Ѿѧһı£պǼҵ㶫ҲеǣʵڲУ°ص䵱ȥҲҪ顣ĪɽҲЩ֪һĻᡣ
Լһ˫Ůûϴĸܹ÷Ϊʦܹ֣ҲǳͷصĻᡣ
ΪһᣬĪɽϧũӵóȥ䵱ҲҪԼĶŮץסһᡣ
˿ĪӺ÷ȥӰسǵ·ϣԼ﷢鲢֪
û̫õʱ䣬һνӰسǣֱãҵˡ
֪ǰȥջ񣿡һ÷Ȳʵ
÷ҡҡͷȻϪˮ񣬲ԷȴƻʳԲҪǰȥţ
÷仰ûκεıʾƺҲ֮С
ɺϪˮ񽻹֣֪ԷֶΣɽ÷Ļ̱λϪˮֶΡ
ȷͶԷˣ˵ԷսףҲλϪˮĶ֣Լʧܣ÷ѡֱԲ䣬ֱӽ˵˳
û뵽ԵͨȻλϪˮĶ֣ԷЩѶԸҿǽϱãɸþϺˡسʱ򿪿ڵ
÷Ϊ꾳ĸ֣ӰСس˵ѾǶ˵սȻʳӳͬ꾳÷Ҳ·
Ȼ÷ǶԷĶ֣ôسɾģһһЩֱϱã˱ȽϺá
Īż˵ĶԻ˵ãɵϸš
絽ڣԼûгӰأȻ֪ӰعӸԼûȥҲЩź
÷һֱ˵ӰƫԶСأѷҲĪӾ֪ķ֮һģ
ϱãҲãպϪˮ֣Էлңͷȴˣһ仰ԵԼֻԱΪͣ⹦ȴ֪Ƿʲô÷΢˼һ£ͬ˰سɵ
ˣǾͽϸã䱸⼸ٱСķϪˮ񣬰һ˰ɣҶûҲͬİˡ
һ꣬ĪӺ÷Ҳû˼õıҪǣ˱ǻɽȥˡ
ص÷ۣĪΪ԰һʱˣû뵽ĵʮ죬سɾٴˡ
ʲô٣ôЩ٣÷У÷üͷԼİسʵ
Էȥһ˸ãû뵽һɽԼһϢ
سЦҡҡͷڻشҲ֪һΣ׼ټӸеĵ٣˶뵽ȥֻ֪ͨһһͷҪеĵٱǰҪ顣
ȵس뿪÷ȻüͷչĪߵʱ÷ûע⵽ȵĪӷһ÷ž
ӹĪе÷һڣȻŵüͷչתͷĪӿ˵ΪʦҪȥһˣһξͲһȥԼɽϺ
Ī÷һβԼһȥвɵЩʧͦȥÿء
ʦܷһȥӳô󣬻ûгӰأĪӿһ䡣
ҡҡͷ÷̾ϢһһΪʦĲܴһȥͻȻ٣ЩΣΪʦǷǳ鷳飬һǰȥ»Ụס㡣
ĪԣҲûмֻ֣ǵ˵ͷʾԼס
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ӥҪչУȥˣԼģǸһӦĻ̣ÿһܹߵøһЩ


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ǰʹԼ꣬ĪӵƴڶԷʱܹоƤıУͬʱоһ˿ӶԷϴĹ

ԼʩչȻĪٴοǰĺӣܹԷҰ׵Ŀϣʱһ֡
ǹ޵ĹĪ̾ϳʲôЩ÷ߣʶٻһЩġ
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ܰ÷ˢĻᣬɲô׾ͷŹ


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ۼԼĺҪˣҲûа취ʱֻܴһϣܹԼܹȾԼĺӡ
˵һ󺰣Ӱվԭһûжֱ˴ӴϷɿոѹĺӱڻУȻǽǣƵĿڡ
֪Ϊһӣˣ
˵仰ӰȻ䶯ˣһŸ
Ҫ˵˵ϵʱͻȻһɫӸ˵ͷ£Ȼˡ
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׳һѵа֮Īǰ۳һḷ̌Ǹ޴ȥ
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Īóĵӡһֲ֮Уû뵽÷ǰãȻԼĵӡˡ
Īӵ߶ӡʱһССĵӡųҫ۵Ľ⣬ڽҫ֮УϵĺʱһЩ
ˣеľݺݵһãޣʱоԼˡ
ΪĪ˵Ҳ΢΢һ㣬ﵽڣʱӡѹһЩΪĪоԵľ࣬һ£ϵĺɢ˲١
ӣҲСĪˣǰСʿȻ䲻󣬵Ϊȴҳ˵ĸɴ࣬ץס׷ʹȫӦеԣԼСӦԣ˵ûСʿ
ĪӵľΪѾǵڶˣ޶ŷģһβû뵽ѣ֮Уǿž˺ڷһΣ˲һΪ˷ɢ
λ޵ֶΣĪ̸ԼʩչĿڷɨͬʱٴеľࡣ
һΣĪӵǽϵģˡڷ֮һӰϵɢ֮УȻҲûǹ޵Ӱ
ĪӲҴ⣬еľ࣬Ŀⲻɨŷ䡣


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Īһֱ˾дԼӵʱ䣬ͣΪ̶̰ӵʱڣڵľѾСˣϾһҲҪ߶ġ
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ĪӺ͸Ůӷ߳ʱΧĴһ峤߳΢ЩĿʵ
Сղŵ׷ʲô£
һޣҴˣѾûˣڽ£ĪӲûжֱӿڶԴ峤˵
峤ԣɫ΢΢һ䣬ЩĵļڵǣԷ᲻Ǵ壿
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ĪӾãıЩΣŹ޵˼ԷʶԼġ
ĪЩ궼ɽ÷Ȼʱ÷һɽΪһӣ÷󲢲ۣܶ˼Īӣע⵽СʿģǾԾˡ
Ȼˣôˣ÷ոձߣӰؾͳһޣһʶԼȻΪߣʱʵЩ̫ˡ
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ǣȻ쵽ҵļϣҶݣ


ʮ ʳֶ
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뿪ºӹ壬ĪӺܿԱڽϺӹ壬ҲĪĸ׵ҡ
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ʷͻ֣ᷢڻʳİټ֮ѧѾ͵ڶʳ֮İټ֮ѧȫͬˣһЩѧ˵Ѿ̭ˣݱµѧ˵Ҳһֽ
ŰسѾеĪӱǰȥкﲻڶ֮⣬Ҳ֮УҶѾԭӦԼķΧѾ֣ʼӰصط


ʮ ǰ
ĪӣôվԼǰĪӣس΢Щ죬û뵽Īӣ÷֮ǰйԵĻչһλӡԶԷ䣬ÿִɽƲʲô£ԶҲû̫ģȴû뵽ĪӲڶ
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Īԣ΢һ£󿪿ʵ֪ȥЩӣжٺͯѣ
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Īӵͷسһֽһ̳飬󽻸Īӡ
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һĻĿѣΪˣΪޣȻóֶΡ
Թųߣֶ伫ֻҪܳ£ǷкηӣλǰǺ˵
ʱĪѾӽӰسǣԶԶľͿˣӰسǵϿգȻһơ
ںƵΧһƬգΨӰصϿձ֣ǼʶǳũҲ֪
ԣӰسǱߣһǳʲô¡Īӿһźƣڿ֮ķ֮ʱףһǳʲô顣


ʮ ڻ
ӰǱ߳£ϹȥԼΣѲ⣬Īһ˿ԥ
ܿ죬ĪӾһ˽ŲӰسǵķȥ
ĪãسϿյһźԺӰسֵЩйأ뵽ЩȥĺͯĪӾͺ޲ýЩһһɱ
ӰǱ߿ܴڵΣգĪȻЩģԸðգԼ磬ҪЩΣյģϾԼһͷڹһԶһ
ĪӰسǰʱ׼룬ȴӰصһʱȻڻɢӰس֮ڣԼ侹ȻʵȻһ⣬ͷĺڰӰϿյĺ֮˳ȥ
ĪӸæӰسڣ̱㿴Ӱصںһ꾳Ĺ޽֡
ֻϣʱһ⣬̫һҫۣһִӡһִʣ֮дһ֡
ãأƵǬͻʹգ仪ս꣬мףң

һƪʫʣĲɲγڣѾǳԶˣ¼ġʫ䡷УεĳǴ˿дĪȴоһֿĺ顣
Ӱسǵ˼ҵļУҲʵждƪʫġ
ĪӴһ֮У·оһ־һ־ɳ֮
֮£ǰǶ֣һɭɭĹϱϵĽڡ
ǰ֮ޣʱҪһЩЩӰصİյʱ򣬾ŭӰرصʿš
ȻЩֻʿţʳʿ֮͵ȵһ棬ӵг磬ЩѾõļ壬ҲԼĵ̵ģٶһЩĶ
ΪʲôӰصĺŸ÷ȥǼеԭҲΪɽϵ÷÷ЩصĺŸ˽飬뵽Ӱص֮С
߲ԶЩɢĹޣȻģŽֱߵһɪɪС̷ȥĪһ·ϻܵŭҵһйĵط
Īǰ۳һḷ̌ȻһֻȴٵĴľϣƿٵĻͼľϣ̶˼а
֮ǰĪӺ͹޽֣֪ԼյܹԸ޵Ĳ࣬ͨаʵһЩô취
һ취˵÷ҲԻˣҲΪʶ÷ֶΣŵĪӣ߷վʹõģͬĶڲͬ˵Уܹչֳļֵȴͬ
ȥ߶£Īǰľǰɳ˲ϢǸޡ
ʱȻѾĪӵĶȴ㣬ʱֻĿľԷȴҲû̫ġ
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ԭһ֮ǳ׵ĻҷˣͶ̥ĻҲûˡ
˳ĳӰسǣûԼչԼ·磬λǰ𣬼ΣǴ䲻
һȺʿӣʳΣѣԮһȴôϣͶµĻʳȴһ֣ٵ֮ǰӦһᣬҲλǰ·ЩӰغŴ󻧣¶ߺ֮ɫ漴ֳһĨЦݡ
һڤڤһһ˰ɣ¶ôЦݵͬʱзǳͻأĳһһɫȴ֮ɫһֲ֮С
ɫ𣬶ʱһëȻĸоһֱҪߣ·ͻͷԤС
ǻʲôͼһźɫͻȻһתĺɫУһɫ֮зɳ˲Ƶϡ
ĪʱֻоԼͷƤ飬ǸɫкǸֵһ˲䣬ĪӸоһɴֲʶһ첻ȶĪʱаȾܵĳ嶯
Īʱ֮һ첻⣬ȶЩӰصͨվûˣʶķӦҪôɵԭأҪôתʶðȫĵطȥ
ǵɫϵһ⣬ֻԵֵ˲һ룬˲䱻ɫȥΣʱֻ̣Ӱдһ
ӸӰʳȼа
ֻôһӰصͻȻһȻص䵽˵ϣѾûϢ
ĪӸоԼĺЩɣ֮ͻȻֵĺɫкеǵⲢӦýӴĹ䵽Լϣôûκ⣬ԼҲӰصһȥ
ʱͻӰصϣͻȻһ貵Ľ֣һޱǿķ֮٣ɫ룬һŽɫ۾ʱڻתӰط
ɫ۾·תĺɫУһûջصʱɫ۾·ҵĿ꣬
ãʳˣǰ״ʱʧɫǰΪٵʱûܹʳϲ㷨ȵ
ոҪɫ֮УϿ뿪ʳ֮Ǹո׼һ˲䣬ͷԼûа취ƶˡ
˿ͷɫĴ֮ϣȻٵ۳һĪӿķǳһ˾޴ĳꪣʽǳĹӣ˵ĸоϡãͬʱ̺ž˵ɱ
սꪣȻ˻ʳ֮Сǰ˿̿ʼϣԼ̶ͬʱϣںɫ֮λܹͷԼһѡ
ϧͷսʱֻڵ֮УǸڵڷٵջأȫûչһԼ˼
ջصǣûеڵɢ֮µսꪣѾ뵽˺ɫС
ĪԼ֮ҽУеһҽУλǰ𣬶ڶҽУԺɫбλ
ҽйǸڵг׵ɢˣͬʱǸ޴սҲˣͷ貵ĽɫҲʧ
ĪӴվŰʬ壬Ժ֮вϻŸղſľȻתͷΧһƬǽĽֵĪͻȻ֮оЩãȻ
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£ĪӺúõһΣˮжڵԼжôС


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ˣңĲӰڵ״ով˹޴ѣžӰصͳسǵﶼˣЩͨİβĻ̡̻
ʱܹվĵģҲֻӰصĳ䱸ˣɽʿصӰأڽֵϲϵرӰسǵϰգŸоһ˿ȫС
Ӱ֮ڣ˿ѹ˰׷أһڹҲŵģӰʬ塣
Īӣ÷δ˵£⼸ֻͷˣѾ˸˵ȥϢ⼸֮ڣͻ֮ˣ˵ʬڰᡣسһƣ֮ɫվһԵĪ˵
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˷İɣ⼸һػ˵ʬȴ˵ˡ֮ͬû뿪ĪӣسɵķԸû˿ԥıͷӦˡ
ʵҲҪʲôֲֻ㣬Ҫ˿أСʿٺʲˡ
ڻʳ֮Уһͳһص𡢸ְ֮ᰲű˵ΣΪ˱Աְ֮㣬Ϊ󿪷֮ţӶԼִ֮һ졣
ڻʳͳ֮зĲ࣬Ҳȷôӣһصĸĸȥʬܻ֮дʮ֮ãıȥᡣ
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ǰãĪͻȻЩͬ꣬ձǸɫˣҲ֪Ƿȫ½ˣܡ
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ߵһǰϣĪӻı˫ۣ뵽˴״̬
£ðѽβϣΪһĵĪӽλûء
ڵһ̶Ĺ켣תʶ֮УĪӿԿһƬޱߵ֮Уһôˮ룬Щͻأֺгͷ·ƬôһֲҲͬΪĴڣƬһ˿
ڻЩãôʵտʼ˵Ѿöˣڲתʵ
һʱ䣬ĪӼ֮Уżͷ֮⣬ûκĪӣĪһ
ʬĪֻҪ΢עһ㣬ֹʬþͿɣҲûʲôҪġ
ȵ˵ʱ֮⣬һˣǰǰسɣ滹мһ˵ġ
λ˵ʬ棬λҽ
ˣ֮ڣĪ洫سɵ֪ԼˣǱվĿſڡ
ܿ죬سɱż˽ãȶĪӵ˵ͷȻļˣ˵һ㣬ȻŶ˽Īӵ
λ÷۵Īӵ⼸һֱΪ顣
سɵĽܣһͬļˣǰĪһбȽ곤λڵлĪӵˣ
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򵥽˼䣬ǽ˵ʬȻһʽȽϼ򵥣÷Ҳ̹ĪӣΪһʽڿЩ˻϶ãֻڲͬݵˣһЩƷĹϻͬ
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·ϣĪͻȻԼ֮ȻͽǺ첼ŵһǷ򿪣¶Ķ
첼ŵĶĪĿ֮¶һĨ֮ɫ
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ĪǷ⣬һƽ𣬰ջʳ׼Ļƽ쵥λһƽӦʮ൱һӣ൱ĪӼˮƽʮĻ
֮ϲеƽú첼ãĪ̵Ľ䴧뻳УǮƶ֮˵ҲǷǳõģȻ֮ҪͨĻҲǻƽ÷ǮǮȽһЩͨĲϣûƽ򵽡
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ȻǮĪԭͿ÷÷һңѾ̫ĶݣܹſڼΣҲüеĸĸһ㡣
صԼĸĪӹﶼһ⼸ӰصնЩѹ֣ĪһֱûκεϢĪɽ򸾷ǳĵģڿĪƽ£ǿŵĲŷŻض
СһﵹûûΣĪӻûǴЩˡ
£СһҲܺãĪҲ㳹װˣԼõʮƽ𽻸ĸĪӾ׼÷ˡ
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Īӵĸ룬ҹͷʾͬôһŵﶼ¶ˣǻȥá
뵽Īӵĸ׿һԺˣһԶŮ¶һЦݡ
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ʱ䣬˶ˣڴĪһ֮÷ʵЩ棬Լȥõ⼸Īӵ׾ʲô£
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Ϊʦ˵˵Ϊʦڵ⼸УӰֵ׷ʲô£
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Ī÷ڵʲô㿪ڿοʦصģӰֻһ٣ʦӰصĸߣ¶ʦ̫Ӱġ
÷ͷȻ˵һ飬˻ʶ޵ʱԽԽˣʳѾʼһ׼ˣΪӦðͷǰ˻Ѿɳ˻ʳĸλӣ˻ѲʳݸҲԸعԱпˣͬʱҲΪʦĵ٣ҲΪʦеЩûס
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Īӷ֣һ˴Ӹû÷ЩûʧƺĳЩ̼ˣԼ֮£Щôš
֪֢ᵽĪҲ֪ο÷ֻܾοʦԴӰֵεһְֱӰصİնػʳĻӵʱһܹ졣
Լӵİο÷Ҳûټ飬һ֮гһСƿȻݸĪӡ
鵤ΪΪʦһȥãúá
Īӽס÷ݹƿ΢еЩ⣬Դ̤֮·ʼûзùҩأû뵽÷δӸûȻԼһƿĵҩ
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Ϊʦ˿鵤Ҫ˶ãΪܴﵽڣ֮ڣΪ̤뵽꾳磬Ϊʦǳװˡ÷˰֣ʾĪӿ뿪ˡ
صԼķ֮УĪó÷鵤ƿ浹һŵҩǰϸĹ۲졣
û֮Уҩ磬ɢŨĳ鵤ͨͨģɫǵɫƺûкͨҩʲô
ĪȴûСе鵤ȻûзùҩǹڵҩһЩʶ÷ǽ̹ġ
һŵҩҩ磬ˣһһźõҩ෴пûסı֣µҩ֮еҩڲϵʧ
Ī鵤Ī֮ûŵ˿ζҩģȴԸо̺ҩһźϸĵҩеҩεסܹ֤ҩʧ
ڷһԣӦþܹͻƵڡƿ֮УһŵҩĪӶʱҪһţ鵤Чô
ڴϣĪӽǿ鵤У֮ĪӸоһĴԼֱҩʼˣ̽뵽״̬
鵤ҩǳƽͣĪתڵʱܸо鵤뵽Լڵ֮У̲죬Īӷ֣֮УԼڵҲΪҩԵʣ·һõ˴øӾһЩ
Լ֮е÷Ӧ÷ΧڼĪӵķ֪ĪǷ鵤Ҳȥᡣ
Ī˵鵤ΪڵҪҩºͣòκε⣬ҲòʲôֻҪǣȵһ磬ĪӵΪܹӶ٣
һҹĪӾڴжȹˣһҹʱȥˣ峿̫Ī˫ۣгĺһ
ӦԼڱøۺ񣬶ҾĪ¶һõЦݡ
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ʱţӰһת÷Ѿȥ˰࣬ӰصҲĻָƽȥسתһȦֶʮ֮ǰЩսۼѾʧӰˡ
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ܣѾһˣȽеʱ䣬εӦѾȷˣҪ˶þͻΡ÷ûлͷȴĪӵĶС
Դһλص÷֮󣬽鵤ЧĪһҹ֮ﵽڣ֮ͻص죬ÿ÷п̿ȡܹմ꾳硣
ÿһ󾳽ͻƣ˵ʵı仯οͻƵ꾳磬ߵСͨǷǳǿֶΣ˲Īս
ȻǰĪõСͨǧҪǼߵѷʵõ֡
˵䣬Ī÷ѾһլԺǰհسͣصȴãǰسɵĸۡ
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С˵Ĵ£ĪӺ÷߽سɸۡܿ㿴վڸӭӵİسɡ
÷ܹ͹ǰðĳ˲ңĪСղΪƺоǿϲɺأسǰЦݵһ˵ţһ߽ĪӺ÷С
ոս뷿䣬ĪӾͿڷоȻѾһ˾ԷԼʮ꣬һüź룬Ϲº͵ЦݣһøС
ĪӸ÷һۣȻ͸ǰӵݣǹƽ찲سɵ룬ǣܾǰӡ
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һףԴ˺ƽƣ׿Խ˼÷һ䣬̶еľƱ˵
˶˾ƱĪҲ˷ԼǰĲ豭Բƣףذسɸ
ھسɵͬʱĪȴͻȻ뵽һ顣
سɼҪˣôΪӰ䱸ɽأǲҲҪˣ뵽յϯ֮УسɾȻûλϵͬţĪӾ;÷ǳпܡ
ӰԭѾˣسɺɽּҪ뿪ӰأôӰ֮УĿǰߵˣԼʦ÷ˣ˼Ϊε밲سɰţ÷ʶһ£Ҳͨˡ
ĪӲ֪ԼĲǷȫȷưسɺ˼˾ⷽ˼
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ˣĴˣλǸӰسɵĸۡ͵Ķ˸֮÷ĪӾ׼ˡ
ո߳Ӱصسǣ÷㿪ڵͽڽλεӡΣ
Īתͷ÷÷ĿҲڿԼ¶̵˼
ͽãλĴ˲򵥣
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Īӻһ˵꣬÷ĵͷĪӵԴʲôҲû˵ֻת÷ۡ
÷ԼҪ˵ʲôˣ˵ӣպԼ²ˣҲҪΪĪӵˡ
÷һԲתߣĪ΢΢Щ㵣֪÷ԼĻش⻹ǲ⣬ֻܸ÷ûзʡ
Ĭŵͷ˼ĪͻȻǰ÷
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仰Īӵ˫۲ɵɴˣ֮ͬʱҲ÷ΨһȻ뵽÷һᴫڸԼû뵽һô졣
һߣӰڣسɵĸۡУس˼ԶһƷơ
÷Ҳˣ֪ڿеˣسһϴ΢Цʵ
һֵĵʿĹҲɢ޴УҲɾҲ࣬һã˼ͬһߣһڣȻ󵭵Ŀ˵
Ȼ־ԲҲ÷˵Ǹӣ־ôسɵͷȻͻȻ仰һתȻ˵Īӡ
ʲ֪Ҳмִϻۣϧ㲻ߣպɾޣһΣ˼ҡҡͷ˵˼ףĪӲοá
˼ô˵سԭҪ˵Ļʱ˵ˣֻܵͷٴһڲ裬ٶԡ


ʮ 
÷еĴȣĪѾ۲ѾˣԶԶͨɱȵġ
ΪΪĹϵһֱ÷ҲûдĪӴȵ֮ڣĪҪ÷ѧ֮
ȵƲϣҪѡõǸѡõƷԽߣȻպǱԽΪʦеȣѡõһմ񣬲ǷǳĲܹ׳ΪǱ÷У÷ǰĪӣʼȵ֮
ҪʹΪϣĪӶʱЩͷˣʲô񣬲Ҫ˵ˣһĲ϶ûС
ĿעĪӣ÷ڵϵ⣬㲻ҪģΪʦΪ׼ˡ
˵ţ÷һӣһĪ˦ȥ
ĪӸæһӣֱоһֻһеĶȻᡣ
óаһĪӱ̵ͷ֮
еһӣԼ࣬ͨĺڣû˿Ĺ󣬿˾Щ
Īֵ̧һ£еӣ˵жʮأ˵һš
ʦǣĪڴһ֮󣬱㿪÷ʵ
īΪʦ֮ʱõĻԵѵһıģ̶Զմ֮ϣƷԺƳĴȣǱҪΪʦ֮ϣ˵ȵ֮нһ󣬳Ϊһ׮֮÷Īӽ͵֮ҲĪӵڴ
һʦʧĪī񣬶÷֤
÷˵ī֣Ī֪̾ӵ󣬱Ͼ÷ѧϰô꣬ĪӿɲǰѧģϡϵĽܣǶģֻǵһμԭв˽⵽ĶһʱԼѧĶûжӦϡ
Ϊʦ㣬ʱΪʦҪãպܹﵽ񾳽磬Ѵȵ֮ݵΡ÷ĪӵδƺĪԼҪģ仰˵൱Ŀ϶
÷ͿʼְֵĽĪӣƴȡ
ĵһȻΣҪһѷɽ㲻һֱ֮Ӵƣ˸޷ɹƵĲϣûа취ɽƵġ
ȵ֮һȷʵȡɣҪıϵֻ̬ҪɷߣȻͿдơ
÷ְֵĽ̵£ĪɵĿʼ˷ƣڵ뵽еīУһһĳˢеīֱоеīԼʱ򣬲˿ɬС
ΪһĪӻʱ䣬ڵκľָָֺֻľĪҲоǳƣ
÷ȻһְֵָͷβҲûгְĪӣϾĪӵһԼķûǲҪ֮֡
죬һˣһǹؼҪ۷ģﵽһƶЧòϱߣɽơ
һ֮ǰĪĹҪѣرīıģĪڵΪҪһ൱鷳
ڸտʼʱĪ۳ķģ𲻵ЧĪӶٸоЩ٣Īлðͷ
νĥ󿳲񹤣Ϊ̫ˣΪģͺñö۵±룬ȵҴﵽ꾳֮󣬵ʱģһ׶ˡ
ͷ𲻾ãͱĪӺܿˡ
ȻԼ뷨޵֮£Щʱȴô򵥵ĵ
ԼԴʼ˳˳ˮûʲôĴֻۣô£ԼȵպΪ죬㲻һ־ᶨı֡
ͨһ㣬ĪҲͽԣȫȫеīȻÿһζЧô룬εۻҲһĻۣۻһ̶ȣᷢһʱý֡
һ֮Īеī񣬲Ӧǽȵߣʱһ£Īˡ
˿еĴȣȻͨĺڣȵı棬ڷ·ѾһӨӨĹâǲڲҲѾ˵һƣǵзͨõĻƣڵĴȣѾˡ
ڳɹˣĪеĴߣ¶ϲЦݣһµûа׷ѣԼͿԿʼƣֻҪͰ࣬ܿܰѴȼ
ĪӸеĵǣͨһεջĶԶԶֹȣĻһ
ѺͻģÿһսʤѣͻᷢԼǿһ㣬Īھˡ
ͨһεľĪڵȻû̫࣬Īȴоٶȱøˡ
ջȴĶʶ֮еĹͼһ֮ǰøˣǿôҲøӸߴˡ
ı仯Ī꾳ӽ
ҪͻƵ꾳磬ɲǼ򵥵ĻڵҪǿܼʶܹɾꡣ
Ī˸һ£ɰ۵ùǺڷѾˣҪǼһУһԣԺҪһʱ
תصԼķ֮УĪڴϣ뵽˯֮У΢ĴѾǳƣı֡
÷ĪӵʶɨĪӵķ䣬ڴ˯ĪӣͬʱҲĪѾɵߣǱĬĬջʶĪӼ˯
ĪһѹʱʱѾһˣĪӴһ˿˯ߵ棬Щ۵֮УĪһ˿˯ȥһһ£о˳׵˹
˯ˣʱĪӵ÷תͷͿüЦſԼ
ʦЦˣĪЦЦش̧صУԼ֮ǰƺõĴȵó
Ѿߵƣʦ飡
ĪнӹƵī÷ʶϸϸļ飬ԽԽ⣬ɵÿڵãû˷ΪʦīƵķǳ㣡
½Īӣ÷һгһȻݵĪӵǰ
ǴȵĽƼ֮ȥúõĲ꣬ʲôԾΪʦʣҪơ
Īֽӹ֮мصЩƣƴȵľ裬֮ǰֻܽ׼ĪӾܹͰļˡ
кĵȣĪӾôƺ̫ǡԼһܹƵһ֣īȻ࣬Ҳܺ÷Ĵֿ


ʮ С߿
ƺõī֮ƣһʱɵģĪҲǵһθ֮ˡ
еǰذ׷ƷģԸīƣĪҲᳵ·
֮Īӷ֮еĻҪһ㣬ԭҪī֮ĽƣԱ֮ǰذ֮ĽҪ࣬Ա֮£ĪַԼ֮ǰƵЩƣһЩطԵĲ֮
ʱ䣬Īӳɹĸī֮ʮƣīƷĲΣĪӾͣ
ݴȵļ֮ڴʮ֮󣬾͵˺ΪһʱˣζţֻҪȹؿīȾܹΪ
Ȼȵļ֮֮УΰʮƣںϳΪһḶ́صѾ൱ˣĪȻ൱أûżںϽơ
÷ĴȣõƲմ񣬶ԼīȣõĲǸīȻͬ񣬵Ǳ˴֮ĲҲǳĴ󣬽Ƶϸ΢֮һЩԱڸӦĲϡ
һ÷ĪӵˣӦı䣬ⶪĪԼȥɡ
ĪѾо÷ܶ飬ʼԼȥɣеʱϸԼΣҲٻԼµ֪֮ʶʱڸԼľڳһЩ飬һЩ£ʳĻ֣һЩĴˮȵЩϢĪӽֻҪԼ֪ĺ;ģޱ
ĪҲ棬÷ЩȻǷǳҪ֪ʶҲľ飬ܹɲᣬպǾͿԵ÷۵ĵ֮һ
ĪԼ֮һָо÷ƺǳżҪ콫жԼ۵ľš
ĪӺ÷ĿǷ񣬳һ뿪Լ˻ĴԽԽһҲԽԽˡ
һĵĪȻϣô磬Īϣ÷ܹóԸɹλȥֻ֮ࡣ
˵ĲᣬȻҲУûôǿңϾȵ÷֮ԼΪˣʦߣҲȻټ֮ա
ĪӲǸӣ֪Ҫܶûܹһֱ㣬ÿ߹һ·˶Ҫϧĵ·ֲַҪʱ»вᣬҲֻܸǰߡ
īθаյĽĪѾһЩ뷨īһַǳĻһ㶼ڱȽԣĵطرĹеĺ̶֮ߡ
īֱģľ֮⣬ƫˮһЩ΢Ƶʱ򣬿һЩⷽĿǣϲϱԣںϳɹʻߡ
ң÷ǸȣڼĲʱҲм˺ˮйصЧҲͻ
ȻһüĿҪ֮еѣĪӹƣԼڶʱ֮ûа취ɶԽƵĵˡ
һգɽɽΧһӵĴ񣬸ݶԷݣӦֻһС£÷ûԳǷԸĪɽһˡ
ĪҲҪɽؼȥԷĴԼҲԶǱȻǰȥˡ
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磬˵ݣܹҵθС
ĪǰȥԷĴӣֻһС£ǳ򵥵ľͽ鴦ˣȻڶԷ˵ǧл֮뿪ºӹȥ
Сһ䲻Сˣλȥ͸ĸһ£ϿСһѧɡĪһλȥ˿ò֮⣬ҪĿĻСһѧ⡣
κʱһ£ΪСһδǣǾĶ֣Ժ󳤴Ҫʲôѧϰ㹻֪ʶӵлóɹı졣
ܿ죬ĪӾºӹ壬صԼУĪЩķ֣ԼļﾹȻһ˶ûУ֪ܵĶȥˡ
Լſڵʱȵ춼ҪڵʱĪſһ˴Ӵ߻
û߽ĪӾͿԼĸĸ϶ŲõЦݣƽǳõƤСһʱ򶼿ɥĸһӡ
Īɽ߽վſڵĪӵʱ򣬲ɵЩϲ
ӶôΪȥ˵д¶ѾʼˣһȥѧáһĪӣĪӵĸ׾̲ס̿ĵ˵ԱߵĪɽҲһϲɫ
ŶѧˣҵλʦĪ΢еЩ⣬ԼĵܵλʦȽϺʣû뵽СһﾹȻѾѧˡ
ģسһλصϣԱһӵˣ׼ڴһѧãΧӺܶ˼ҶȥͺӰʦˣܵҲλѧ顣Īɽڽ͵
ԭˣ̫ˣĪĪɽĻͷ΢Ц˵ӰسǾǰµ֮һЩسˣѡص˴һʱ䣬еȽϴһĸˡ
һ㶼ãǸףĪӵĻһֱɥСһʱ̲סˣ̧ͬͷ˵

ĪӿСһӣһͻȻЩ̲סһЦ
ǵԼǰȥѧУѧʱ򣬸տʼѧУһѺһ棬ҪѧѧУԭҪѧôĶһҵзǳʦʱ̺ˣľǲѧȥ棬Ϊûٱʰ
ڵ磬ǰСһίı֣ĪӾ÷ǳ⡣
СһĪЦʱøίˣرΪŮĪ˲͵
һֱ۰Լĸˣܸĸ˵һ˵ȥѧˣڻûڣСһͱܵĸоһΣ۰ǵĸܰﲻˣСһȴȻûзʼĪ߿ࡣ
Ǹ컹һҵģˣĪԼС֣ίĶĪ˵
磬ǲȥѧˣ˵һҪȥѧˡһߵĪһ߳һ˵˿Ŷۡ
ĪȴǲΪƾСһǰ󵹿ˮʼնЦӯӯĿǣֱóԷʱСһűס͡
˼鷢ڵڶ죬ĪҪߵʱСһﾹȻ֪ʰС͵͵ҪĪһߣ˵ҪȥТ˳үүĪӼ˼ȺֺЦΪ˲ѧСһҲڿ˼ˡ
ĽĪɽ߳СһĶ䣬ֱŤȥѧá


ʮ ʳѲ
Сһѧ⣬ĪҲûмҪص÷ۣúĥһ½ںϵ⣬ԼĵһĪ൱ġ
ص÷ۣĪӰѴе÷˵һ£ر˵Сһʱ÷ЦͬʱָĪ˵
ΪʦǵõʶֵʱûСһôȤرϲѧЩոѧ֣Լһ챧һͷѧΪʦ˺ܶȤ
÷ĴȤĪȻ΢ЦԼһ˵꣬Ϊİ磬װɵˣԼɵǸ̶ȣĪӾԼİ첻
ص÷ۣĪӼͷоƵںϣҲʲô鶼Ҫųжȵԭȥתһˣٻ£ĪӺܿͻԵĽչϸ΢ĵ˼֮󣬷ʮƣѾʼ˻ںϵļǺĪȻǳȴСĲЩںϣյĽ޾գʮƳɹΪһīȳΪһ
ڳɹеѾΪīȣĪԽԽ⡣
ڽΪ֮īȱһ⻪ԭڵȣӸˣһոձӣһȻζ
ڵīУڵһ㣬Īӽµĵϣ̴ܳһĪӵĿ£һϣϵսԿǿı棬ܿͳһպֻۣáꡱһһôôˡ
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ĪӽѾΪīø÷÷ϸϸ̽һֻ֮Īһ֡
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һյ峿ĪӸոΣ÷ʳ֮һĵˮ⴦ˮܵˮĿӣ뾡취ϣܹ⴦ˮ
÷ʴȻ֮տڲԣĿɽ¡
÷Ī֪пˡ
תͷȥ˫ֲɽָԼ˫ǰȻĪӾͿɽ£мʵǣΪ׵һˣĪ֮ǰйһ֮ԵӰص˼
ĪɽƷʱ䣬˼ѾʽӰˣε죬÷ȥˣӰزͷҲȥݼλε
ͽãȥ׼һ²ˮ÷תͷĪӣڷԸһ䡣
Īӵͷת߽׼ˮ飬ĪѾ൱ˣȵ˼ϵ÷۵ʱĪѾʱ׼Ѳˮ˳ȥˡ
÷ðǰݷã֣
˿ˣ˹æп÷ۣȻСطԣ֮˵
֮еĪĶԻͻȻһʶ֮УӰصɽʱ򣬳ƺࡣ
Ȼǻٳģⳡ滰˵ݶࡣĬĬ²һ䣬ĪӶõĲ裬˳ȥ
ĪӽŽˮµʱ򣬷ָ˼һȺ֮Уվſڵļۣ֮к÷һͬĻˡ
΢һ˵Ĵ磬ĪӲͲµˣӦþӰε䱸ͳˡ
лĪӽˮŵǰ˼ĪЦЦȻ󿪿ڵл
豭һڣ˼Ϲº͵Ц⿪˵ˣˮȻһ㣬ݲտɲһ㣬ĪСݲգЩ
վһԵĪӳһ䣬˼ͳû뵽졣
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ֶֺˣλӰεĳ䱸ⲻ˺͵򽻵صشʶʶ
ԭˣ˺ߵĵǴæʶ֮꣬ǰҲûдкǱպǼ˵Ҫ˵䡣λպͬӰ㣬λ˵ÿգ÷۶߶һûʲôöһеģÿ÷֮ʣ÷֮е÷ĹӣζҲ÷˼Ļεĳ䱸˵̬Ϻ顣
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ѵ˵ΪѾﵽ꾳粻ɣĪа˼
ԭĳسɺ䱸ɽ˵Ϊ൱֮ڵĪΪ൱Ҳֻﵽ꾳磬ǰ˾ͺܿ꾳磬ͬ꾳˼Ӱصһ꾳ĸ֡
վ÷кʶˣ˼˵
ĵڶ飬Ҫ÷һϢ
ŶĴ˴ʲôϢҪɽһˣ÷Щʵ
ʳɳλѲݵϢ÷üѾˣոǱߵһλͬŴϢʳǲĸλӣѾĿĵأݵλӣѾյݣ֮ͻѲݵĸء˼ҲûʲôӣֱӰԼĵڶĿ˵˳ҲҪĿġ
˼Ļ÷оһϵĲ豭һڣǳƽʵ֪ǻʳһλӣߣ
ߵģ˻ʵԨ˼÷ǳ˵
ȻԨ÷΢Щ⡣
˻ʵò٣ӺͶӣ˻֮ʱ˻սսԺ˸ἰλӣ˻ʵĵλһλڵʳ֮ǰѾ޳ȥˣʣµ֮УһЩҲսˣȽϴܹһ˻УλԨеһ
λʲʦ̵ͬʱԼҲŬ˻ʶȡµʱ򣬾˺պչͣʳ֮ҲɨǰĲڳ֮
ʳȻôһλݣֻ˵һ飬ҪԵûʳЩ֡


ʮ ҹ
˼÷۲û̫ͣã·ֻһϢ֮⣬û˼
ֻҪŶԷԶһˣΪ˴Ϣô򵥡
˼뿪֮÷˼ã¶һЦݡ
ֲã˼ӦλӵˣпܾԨˡ
ʦʲôĪ÷ڣЩʵ
÷ƺµ˼˼ĪӻûͷԣⲢĪӵǻ۲÷ֻĪӶʱֵİգû÷ôϢϵĲԵȣϾôĪӻû뿪ӰصķΧ
˼Ҫ̽һΪʦ̬ȣΪʦˣˣпܾԨ÷˵
ʦʲôأĪԣʳȽϹĵ⣬ܶԷ󾿾˭ϣ÷ʲôжٵΣպջ
÷ĿǷ񣬵ĿǰΪֹȻӰѾ˲СȴûʲôرͻĹܹ֤ͣһܹģԷָܹһ·⵹Ҳǲܳԡ
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Ҳ÷ҲܱһСţϵĴȥ÷ʱͻȻðͷ
µЩССɣвʵɢ޽ģȲЩƾõţɢҲвǵĴУ޷ЩᲢۣһ⣬˭Щʲôܹúǵġ
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죬ԭһƬգһ̾Ȼ磬Ƭضˡ
ô£ĪͣеĶ߳⣬̧ͷա
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Īӿͷգ˿ѾһƬҫΧһƬɼɢĹԴĪڷǳԶԶ
ʦĪӸҪԼʦ÷⵽ôµʱ򣬻û˵꣬ͱһĺˣ
Ԩ̫
쳹أ뵽ĶУòٱҹѵˣһ̣µ˷ʲô
һ֮󣬽նĽ⣬ȴһͻȻˣջָ˺ڰĪЩûзӦ
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ʦ׷ʲô飬ôղŵ֮л磿ĪԼԼµղſ󣬺пλΪǿĸƣеһܾܿԨ
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ɽնɱ飡ĪжʱһݣֶΣλԨжߵΪ
һҼĳ棬ѾǼʮǰ˰ɣʱһλɢ޲֪Ӻδ£һͽԷΪں̵ܶʱ֮ڣȻ˿ƷʵʱʳɳǰȥѹһΣΪʦݣ˺ͽһĻЩƵĻ棬û뵽ʮȥˣվȻһμ÷ԼľЩпһա
߰ɣȥϢϻп÷˵仰֮󣬱תصԼķ䡣
Ī֪÷˵ĿˣԾ˼ɣ÷֮ǰԤ룬ԷӦٴɽݷˡ
صԼķ֮УĪûмīȣʼ˼
ʦҵ֪ʶݾڣܹﵽƷλɲ࣬ǰҲֻλ֪һλĪЩǾԴͷĪͻȻЩ÷
ܴǰȻ٣Ǵ඼Ƚϵ͵رЩλܹﵽƷ飬ÿһ򵥡
һλڣȴˣĪӿʼ÷
ʦպΪ飬ֻ֮࣬ƺҲһ㶼ûȫĪӹƣ÷ΪڱΪܹ֮Ʒλ뷷⣬ֻܴܻðƷλ
Ҫǻλ󣬲÷ܹ֣ζ÷׼뵽ʳӪΪµͥ󣬴Σǲ˵
ĪͻȻ뵽˵λϪˮͻȻЩףԷΪʲôڴ÷֮ȴѡͻȻּ֣֮׳ȥԭ
飬ûԼ֮ôã÷ҲףҲֻ֮µѡ
һҹʱȥˣĪ𣬶ұƽʱһ㣬Ϊһ˼ܻԼȰˡ
ͬ÷ϵĪӽκ󲻾ã˼һɽ÷ۣ÷ֱ֮ӿżɽ˵
ҹصѾˣԵľʶҲҪٶ˵Щʲôˣһæ
뵫˵޷˼ֱӿżɽ÷ҲʲôȦӣֱӿڻش
Īվ˵ߣ˼ʱϴ΢Ц˵Լȴһ֣ٻͷ÷÷һ˼ɫ֪ܾ˼ֶΣ̸֮ϵȽϴ󣬵ȻñԼ
÷˼Ľ̸˺һĪֻܴ˽ı飬жӦ÷ǳѣΪڽ֮У÷¶֮ɫ˼ϵЦҲʧȡ֮Ƿǳı顣
˵̸ʱֱ˼ʱĪ˶Ի
ˣӰ߾Ͱ÷ˣֻҪ³ˣǹڵǧڤûκ⡣˼վȭһȻתȥˡ
ʦĪתͷ÷ʲôҲû˵ЩԼ֪ģ֪Ҳûã÷Լܹ֪÷ҲԼġ
û£ΪΪʦģһοҲΪʦĻԵˣô֮ʮþȣպһҲδûпܣ÷ЦЦûиĪԭίֻǿڰοһ䡣


ʮ Ԩ
ʳԨնɱһǰ飬Ϣڲ֮󣬾ݵķΧɢˣѸӵʳ
ĪҲ֪ˣնɱλ鵽λ
ݾһɽɽɽһ𣬾ͺһɽֳһ㡣
ǧǰɽݵһգΪĴڣΧҪͨУٵػؼ
ֱһ죬͢һλԱΪĳµԭҪɽֱͨǺ£λټҸ֣Ӳɽ֮пһҽӹ̣Դ֮ɽɴӴֱͨλԱ⣬뷷Ϊɽɽǧ깩ɾƷλ
һαնɱ飬λɽɽ񣬶ҶԷҲԩλǰ뷷飬ȻԼĹϽ֮ڣһЩǱص׾ȫʱȥһս
һλƷʲô⣬¸ͲҪϸˣպײݵԨҲǶԷǰõϢרλƷ飬ͳΪ˻ʳɳλѲݵĵһλꡣ
֮Ԩһʱ֮ͷݵ߶˹ȥҶǳĹģλӽ᲻ɨǰ
ĪӸĿǰԼյϢƲ⣬λӽ»ȽͣնɱһλƷ飬ԨӦѾﵽԼɱӺĿģȻ˼ôпܻʵ䷴ݶ
ܿĪһֿܣԨҲпܹ⼤ìܣǰһЩǰĲã˻ʴ֮ǰȰݿֵܻʱֳܹȥӦ⡣
ǲ˽λӣ²Է׻ѡĪҡҡͷΪ÷ԵʣЩҲȽġ
Դһ˼֮⼸÷ÿ춼ɽĪҲ÷һȥ˼Σȫ㲻÷ʲôͺĿģֻӰص߶ֻʱʱͣסŲΧϸ۲ϸڣĪ֪÷ôĿĵġ
ЩСϸ÷ûĪӣĪҲ̫ĶΨһµ÷ڿƣо
ѵ˼Ҫʦ飬йأ÷ЩΪĪֻĲ²⡣
ʱֹ˰࣬ԨϢݴնɱλƷ֮ԨͿʼԼݵĸѲ֮á
ѲӵĵһվʼλÿһطʲôϢᴫͺΪλӵгλӱҲ顣
ԨѾ˷ɽأеķӸߣһվӸˣӸ֮ӰԨһĵطɽϣ÷һЩֽһ߿ϵݣһ߻˵
Īվ÷ߣע÷ֽϣ׼ȷ˵ֽ÷еķʽ
ֽ״飬÷ûн̹Īӵһԭ÷ԼҲᣬֻǰεʱżȻĪἰ鷨Ĵʼǰټ֮еıңΪоս֮ʱ㴫ϢģʵʹУЧܲ룬ݵḷ̌Բǿͷˡ
һ˰ټѧɣΪ֮以ഫŵһַʽǽ˴ºһЩ̫ҪĹģӵĴٳ˼ԲӼˣȻһЩҲԼӸ֮ҲʹõĵӦ֡
ĪӽջǵһʶֶΣҪ˵жôҲãȴĪӶԼǰһЩ䣬һЩӰƷУҲֹֽ״ֶΣʶֽ״飬ĪͻȻһЩ
ҡҡͷһЩҵ˼֮ԺĪӿһ÷Ȼ󿪿ʵʦԨʲôʱܵӰأ
û˵ǵĽų಻ʮգӦþͻӰء˵÷ͻȻתͷĪһۣеɫЩӣָֻܿƽ
Īע⵽÷ӵԼһЩ죬ջͣˡ
Ŷ˽Խ࣬ĪӾԽãΪһ飬һ˵ܲһ̫õĳ·ֻһЩεѡ
꾳ߣԪң÷䣬ԪûߵͷΪڵǰͣ˺ܾãҲƴһѣܷһ񾳽磬һıλϷΪһĴ㡣
÷λִţĪӾһԼĿԣֱֻڣ÷ҲûиԼ
ĪӺüҪһ÷ÿһζûʳڣÿһ˶вԸ˵ڵܣԼôܣҲӦһ±˵ܡ
֮ӰͷһȺ˾ۼĿԶ·ڵȴʲô
Ⱥ˵Ŵ綼ȽϻȲףվͨϰԵ֡
Ⱥ˶ӰرͷĪӺ÷ҲȺ֮УվĿĵȻΪӭӼӰصԨ
ĪĿԶҲڴܹλԨ
ʱ֮УԨ˵ϢĪ˺ܶ࣬ŶˣĪҲ˽һЩԷľ
λȻӣʵѾСˣкܴĿܣԷ÷Ҫ곤
ڻʳ֮ǰԨ͸ε˻һս£սպաڻʳ֮ǰٹ̣ҲͬλԨűЩǰ׷ɨ
һΣǰѣռһ֮أҺǰһվµĻʳλԨһҹϮǰӦ֮ǰѸײڶ֮ƣѵɨɾ¶һ֮ء
ڻʳ֮һٶУԨӦæµһλˣڱ߹ص壬̤ˮѪս壬ڻʳ֮ͱ߻С˵Ļʳܹ˰λԨû
˵ȴ֮ʱͻȻǰˮϣƾճһУһҰ׳Ĵ󴬣Ĵˮиչ˵ǰ
Ҵͨɫ·ĳֶۼ״ģһЩѹֵȴ̵ĸоɰǧ׵ʿվڴļװϣɢһ˵ơ
ĪʱĿ⣬ȴվڴͷϵǸˣεסˡ
һĸߴˣףվͬһһ㣬һͬڵף˫Ŀޱȵ·ܹ˵һж
Ӱ˼ЯӰʿ壬ӭӵ£˼ǸˣǰһĴ˵


ʮ 
ԨȻܹЩˣǱӣҲӦõģĪӵ۽΢ɲĳ鴤һ£ԼΪԷӣòܹһЩԷȴһ;н
ض񣡡վڼװϵӿˣͬһĴĪӵĶУȴоλ֮УȻȴһֶԷǳ侲ĸо
ţԨżװ֮ϵЩʿŲһͬǰôڿ֮Уȴ·ʵһߵͷϡ
ȻȺʿ֮еһתͷȥͣˮϵĴһУа׳Ĵ󴬣ѸٵıСһڹ⣬û˶ԷС
˧µĽʿӶ·ϵˮԵ˼ֻˮոӰأú͸λͬʳ֮·ȥӰã˧ҪλԨĿ⻷һΧȺ΢΢䣬¶һЦݣȻ󵭵˵
һ䣬Աߵ˼ǰԨһλһơ
þս侲Ϊ˷ǳǿƣݵһ棬Īӿʼܽλĵһӡ
ڽӰس֮֮оеᣬĪӿ϶Լĵһӡ
Ԩȫһ˵̬ƿᣬ˼һԲϸԨӰμⳡˣܵ÷ʱ˵ĵǱȽϸ÷ԵĪӣֻһʴѡ
ⳡҶΣλԨʵ̫ǿˣһ˶ЩĵģһܹԵðȡ
˼ǲϵĵգ˵֮£յǷǳ֣뿴ȥӵġ
ĪÿԼǰڷһ⣬һƬڿУ̸ܵһ¾⿣ҲȻûɢȥζ
΢ɲüĪӻǿֲ̫õĿڸУƬ̽˸С
Ҫʦ˵ǿҪ񾳽ֵѪ⣬ҾԲԵڶƬһƬȥĪӽŽ֮⣬ҲÿӼŽУֻһȴûнֱȥ
ⳡҪʳģԨ֮йʱ˳ʰ˼ֻˮеһֻΪҪﵽ񾳽ˣҷǳǱأ֪֮в˶á
Ԩ˳Ӷ£ֻˮǱأֱﵽ񾳽磬пܻᱻ֡
˵ʳͬ˵ҲʳΪԽǿ֣ѪԽ̲
ĪǹζЩ֮Ѿоһֱ֮УתڵԼ븹е⣬ĪܹԼ֮оԼڵѪܵһ̲õһЩ洦
ǿҪ񾳽ֵѪ⣬ȷǷǳ̲̫ˣôѳԣĪа²һ䣬ѪûǺġ
һἴ֮ʱμﶼһһظ뿪
ĪӺ÷Ҳ׼뿪ʱ˼ͻȻ˹
÷ӵҪ㣬ɣ˼˵仰֮󣬸÷ķӦתһơ
÷ͷĪһۣ˵һΪʦΪʦȥȥ
˵֮÷͸˼뿪ˣ÷뿪Ī֪Լʦ÷ܾܿһ˼˵顣
ԭصȴһ÷ûлĪӾЩģͻȻ֮еǸ鷿еȥ
֪Ǹ鷿ڻڲڣ
ͷһĪӾŲ鷿ȥո߽һԺӣĪͻȻ֮͸оһΣϮڵת˫͵һţʶ˷Ӧ˳˽ʮס
֮ڣ˲ҪҴ
ֱ˳ʮףĪӶ߲ͻȻ̧ͷǰһĪӷǸСԺţ׵ʿվĿעԼ
׵ʿûжԼôֻվﰲĿԼĪȴ÷·Ǳ޶ţԼεܸܵϾ˵ɱɢֻҪԼʲôľٶȴԼľһ
ԨˣΪϵɱǲһ㡣Īаһͬʱ˵
λ벻Ҫᣬʦȥӵˣڴ˵ȴЩģȥ鷿
ӽ֮УôеЩʿȻ֮вþ䣬һĪȫܹ⣬ҲûбҪ˺ͶԷʲôͻҪ˳ͻԿľԼ
Ԩ˲࣬ĪӸұ֤ԷÿһǾԵľ񣬾ԼǰͨʿǹɢɱԼоѹֵƣ˵ľΪӦöԼ֮ϡ
סãСʿǻȥʵȺ򣬲ҪĴߡĪӿڽͣҲûΪĪӣֻĪӻȥȺ򣬲ҪĴߡ
Īԣ˫ֱȭ˳Ȼԭ·صԼղŵȺ÷λãûټ߶
վĪӵĸоȴ͸ղȫͬˣҲ֪ǲԼĴĪӾΧ߼ԼϣԼһһڱ˵ļ֮Уо¶ڡ
ֱٴο÷߳ĪӲһ÷һ߳á
뿪֮󣬸оΧһעԼĪŷˡ
ʦһЩʿǵΪƺһɽķߣĪһ߿ڵ
÷ĪһۣϵıЦЦ
ЩӵµΪֹǲ֣ÿһΪ佫ǿߡ
ߵΪΪʿȼȼߵĵȼһһӦ磬൱ߵ磬ʿӦ磬ôǿߣ൱÷֣佫ǿߣͬ񾳽ߡ
÷ĽͣĪӵҲû̫ɥ֪ԼԼڲ˶꣬Ժշߣ׷ǳǴټϵĲͬ
ټҵ֮ǲֻһٶȣĪҪࡣ
ټ֮еŵӣ̶̼ͨʮ꣬Ϊִﵽ˵ļ£ӵ궼֮õȵԪЩţͻʷĺΪһһ·
ʦӵµΪﵽʲôĳ̶ȣĪӼʵ
ΪʦҲ֪ӵΪӦѾﵽ˷˵ļ¡÷˵ͬʱ˵ʱ÷ĽŲͣһ£ȻתͷĪ˵
񾳽֮һ磬д֮Ӧо磬˧ӵΪѾԽͨ˧۷壬ڵ׳˶٣ⲻö֪ˣ
˧


ʮ ÷
ĪӸ÷ѧϰ֮÷Īӽ磬ֻǵʱ񾳽ʱ÷ϵɫͱʧ䣬Ҳûм½Īʱ½С΢ҲûиҼʡ
֮⼸꣬÷ƺˣĪԼҲûмҪ÷̣ɶûҵʵĻᣬֱĳЩ鵢һˣ죬Ī֪񾳽֮һʲôˡ
֮һǴ֮Ҳ߳ɾԪ֮ǰһ磬ͻ磬һԪɣӴ˾Ͳܳˡ÷˵꣬¶֮ɫκһߣ̤쿪ʼжǿɵģȻҲ⡣
ʦͽһ²նʦ̣ȻѾ˵ˣĪӾЩԼ²죬÷ദô꣬÷ԼΣĪг˸м֮⣬һĽ֮顣
Īӵ仰÷Ĭ˰죬ƵĿڵҪʲôΪʦܹµһԭ鲻㣬ȻˣΪʦҲͺ˵˵ɣԸΪʦǰܹ֮Ϊĺ֮ʦ󲻻ᵹΪʦĸޣ
֪ΪʦΪʲôԷ˵ִţǰɣ÷Īʵ
Īӵͷ˵ˣҲԼ뷨˵
ʦʶҪͽ࣬ΪҪͽߣԼ;֮ʦҲ֪˱ͽ꾳ǿߣԪ꣬ʦΪΪʲôųһ񾳽磿
ĪӵĻ˵꣬ͻȻͷ÷䵽ԼͷȻ÷һĵ̾Ϣ
꾳磬ΪʦҲ밡ΪʦŬҲԵ磬ΪʦĵѾˣ
Īӵͷ÷ջ֣ȻתƵǰߣһһ˵
Ϊʦһʮ꣬ʮ̤꾳磬ΪʦʱԼ̫Լ꾳Ԫ٣ʮ꣬ΪʦҲȻŶٶʱ䡣
ĪӸ÷ߣҲƵţͬʱ÷˵
Ϊʦ֮ʱΪʦΪɹͻƵ꾳ڣһʮʱΪ̤꾳ڣʱΪʦľԼ񾳽ѾܽˣԪľ֮ǰӦܹ̤Ǹ磬ֱΪʦ̤ڵĵ꣬һ飬Ϊʦһϣ
÷˵ʱ֮¶ķߺ޸ΣǰߵĽŲҲøˡ
ĪһͻȻЩڣԼȷ÷ƺҲЩӦȥ÷˰̣¡
һ꣬ΪʦհѴȼܼλ֮ǰĵزɼݣΪʦͼλѣһλ̫һڵĵͻԷŵӣΪʦͼλһãͶԷ֣Էʵ̫Ȼһһλѵֱۣ֮£ֻܺͶԷ֡
һսĽΪʦλһˣջֻΪʦһλ˶˶ԷĽ£ΪʦҴһλѣҲͬˡ÷˵ʱۿ΢΢Щˡ
˭˵ɢֻ֪֮޵ģ־ͬϵĵѣ˴ཻΪβܹԴ
ʦѵһս֮ܵϵˣ˵˸Բžû˸һϣĪ
һս֮Ϊʦλ˰ʱ䣬ŽϵƳ׻ָڴ֮ΪʦѵΪȴ㶼ǵһС磬ֻҪÿһǰͷ·ῴһն䣬ûа취ôλѼ֪һеĸڣǽֵλ̫һڵĵӣе̫һڵġ̫һն
̫һնĪĬһ֡
ննǰ̴նǵĵ;ΪʦΪʦΪ뾡˸ְ취Ҳûܰ⡶̫һնӰ죬λѴһλǰõһ취ǽ廹ϵˣȥ̫һڵ˰ǳϵ⣬ΪʦλѸԼȫңλǰ˳棬ϵһλ̫һڵĵӣΪʦڻǵöԷĻش𣬵飬ǰ;ȥɣ
Īڳ׵׵ˣΪ÷ڷôִΪԴԼ÷֮Ȼʱῴ÷ƺ࣬ԭˡ
ûй꣬Ϊʦλлвʣǰ˱߹زξ˵Ҫսܵģؽӵ;Ϊʦѡ·
ΪʦʲγڣгһգܹܵģΪʦҲұ֤ԼܹʣµΪﵽ񾳽磬ѡһЩԼҲδûٽһĻᡣ÷ҪĶѾ˵ˣȻعͷĪһۡ
ڣΪʦΪʲôôִڷ˰ɣ
ӣТĪӵͷ˵
Īӵӣ÷һЩ˵ɫˣȻǺһЦڵˣôΪʦʵѾ뿪ˣѾ߷·Щ˵Ҳãѹĵ׾ˣΪʦҲЩʹ졣⣬ҲϣܹΪ䣬ߣһҪ೤һۣرŵӣһҪСġ
Īصصͷ÷˵Ļ
һ·ص÷ۣ·϶һ仰û˵ֱĪӽԼķ䣬ԼĴϣ
̫һڣ̫һն
ͬʱĪͷ΢΢ƫһ£Ŀ·͸˷ţ֮С
֮еλ棬̫֮⣬ʣµλ̫̫͡һˣν̫һڣͺ̫һйء
̫һڵǰԭĴԽڣֻ̫һɾ컯֮ԭĴԽڣ͸̫һڡ
ڵڶʳͳ֮У˲ٻӹ˻ʣȻ֮£ȻܹάֳͳΣܴһԭΪ̫һڣ˵øһ㣬Ϊ̫һڱ̫һ
ʳѾĳ˵ʳͳεʱڣ̫һҲû̫ܵӰ죬ֻҪ̫һڣô̫һڸԶᶯҡ
ԭһţĪﻹǺкøеģǽ÷Ĺ£ĪͻȻͶ̫һЩˡ
ԼһСʿ¾̫һڣȻ˵ʲôӰأ˼ҸмÿԼһۡ
ʦϣŵˣֻϣʦܹóԸˣջĿ⣬Ī뵽
ӰУʱ˼վԨǰԨ㱨ԼӰʱľ
÷ˣ΢Ӵ˲ĵߣȷͶʳڿ֮ˣ󲻹һλ齻ضľ
Ԩ˵ͷº͵˵飬˧ʲôĵģȻô˿ţô³֮һλΡ
ʱԨԴ˼̬ȣ֮ǰȣֱˣһ۾ܿ˼֮ǰʶƺӶء


ʮ ӡ
ô£ô̵ʱ䣬ȻҪˣԨӰصĵ죬Ī÷ͻȻ֪һϢǾ׼Ҫ뿪ӰˣǰڽһسѲӡ
ϢЩĪӵԤϣĪԷӦûӰͣһʱ䣬ϾԼʦ÷Ҫ飬һܹ֤λĴ£Ȼ֪ʲô£ԺԨѲ˹ϵԷӦӰһʱ䣬űȽϺ
ԴԨӰأһֻӰͷڶ˼ͬ£ӰظѲһȻ׼Ҫ뿪ˣʵЩִ١
Щִٵ뷨ֻǶĪӶԵģӰؾˣԨҪȥĵݣسҪߵһÿسǴʱֻ죬Ҳһβ̵ʱ䡣
λҲãʵ̫ǿˣݸ߹Ӱ֮УоسյնЩˣϵ˶˲١
׼뿪ȻٲҪͣͺ͵һһӰͷﶼˣȻٲĪӺ÷
ͷѾװĶ飬Ī֪Ԩ׼뿪ˣЩʿ֮߳һˣ׳һڹ⣬ӵˮϻһҴ󴬣ʱҡ
֪ʲôķɱĪ̧ͷҴ󴬣ĵһ죬ע⵽Ҵˣ׳Ĵ󴬣˲ͱƾһ㣬֤Ҵ󴬹ѾԽͨȼ
ҴԨݣƾݺΪȼҲ̫͡
ĪʱīȣǿΨһܣڷ֮ڵĽԽԽȤˣڼĹ֮Уͨڽϸ΢ĵĪӿ˽ĿԣܵĻĪоһǰҴ󴬣ĽƵôӵġ
˧ѲӰأо˵紾ӣհҵλûձ˧ҪǰһسѲӣֹԨǰ͵˵һǿĻȻתµĽʿʱһ̤ҺɫĴ󴬣ǳɴľ뿪ˡ
ӵ£˼̿˵ԣҲ͡
˵֮УҺɫĴ󴬻뵽ˮ֮£ûоһ˿ôʧӰˡ
ˣĪﻹôһ˿Ĳ̫ţλӵ¾Ȼôˡ
λӵѾ뿪ˣҵȻȥɣ˼תǰе˵Ȼ÷ߣĿ⿴һ÷ߵĪӣ΢Цſڵ
ã˳ǰãȡһĹĪСӡ
Ī˼仰ĺ侹ȻᵽԼͻȻ֮ЩûӦʲôлҵӡ
ˣ÷ͷ˵Ȼ͸˼һֱõķȥ
ǰıӰĪһ뷨
ʦŪһٵɣ
ͷһĪͻȻûпܣԼڵΪѾֻҪٽһ꾳磬㹻Ϊһصĵˡ
ĿǰΪһ㣬÷Ĺϵټ˼æҪԼŪٵݣĲѡ
ţ֮󣬼˾ã˼ǰ÷ӦõǷݹ÷
÷һʮöǮ﷨ǵĹ
Īӵ˽⣬ʳٵĹһԺܴ֣һЩΪܸߵĵ٣ǲҪκε飬ֻҪڻʳ߹Ҹ쵽һݼֵƵĹһЩСһЩߵشƫԶ֮صĵ٣ܹõĹͲôˡ
Լʦ÷Ӱô꣬ÿܹõĹۺʮöǮңΧУǹȽϸߵˡ
ÿһ÷ȡʱҲȫҪǮʱǮһЩֵȵĲϣЩ϶ϻĪӵϡ
˼ڰѶû֮תӺ棬óһСӣӴ򿪵ݵĪӵǰ
ȻˣĪӿ֮һСӡʱ򣬾֪Լ֮ǰĲǳˣ÷ȻǸԼŪһٵݡ
ĪС÷ж꣬ӰرصӵܣӽտʼҲӰصڶλˣϣսµӡܹ֮һգԼְ𣬲Ҫ÷Ľ̵˼ĪӣЩĳ˵
Ī̧ͷһ˼Ȼתͷ÷÷΢΢ԼͷĪӱںеĵӡ
˷ģĪӶȻṼʦĽ̵Īеĵӡ˼÷һ
ӡ֮ĪԺҲӰصĵˣҪеһЩΣͬζţĪԺҲܹȡһݹζĪӿʼ뿪÷
÷Լӣ¶Цݣ˼ղŽԼĹ֮һݵĪӵǰ˵
ӽҲӰصĵˣΪʦܹĶҲĲˣ﷨ΪʦصظŪģҲΪʦ͸Ϊ֮񣬵ȻҲ˵һ⣬ҲҪлһˣ
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һСӣĪӼ÷еĴǳַǳƣһƷĴ﷨
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ĪеĴ﷨תͷֶ˼ʾ˸лΪĪ֪Լܹõ˼ҲǸ÷һ顣
һƷĴ﷨ֵԶԶֹʮöǮ÷ĹʮöǮղ˼÷ʮöǮҲ˵﷨˼ҲҪ˶ʮöǮҲΪʲôղ÷˵ĪӦøлһ˼ԭ
ÿӰرصӵܣܹΪӰصĵ٣ΪӰصҲı⣡˼Цŵ˵ͷ
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ʱżĽӴ˼ͻȻãǰҲûһµļֵ
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ĪӼ͵ĽԼķУ÷ҡҡͷԼٶ£վǸӰЩȡ
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ʳ䷢ÿһٵĵӡȻȼҲֻǷͨ˵ӡҪǿһЩҾͨûеܡ
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Īϸоһµӡ֮еĽƣЩķǳͨɽƵϸ΢֮ȴķǳľϸĪӶҲһЩջ
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ͨӡеĽƣĪӶīȵļȴµĸ򣬵ڶĪӵõӡ֮ĵʮ챻ɹˡ
ŵڶɣīȵ˺ܴߣɵĪȴЩʧȥͷˡ
ԭ÷ڸԼļ֮ÿһϸڣĪӾͻоīƺԭĵһЩܣʹŽٰմȵļ֮ˣҪĸĶ֮ǰ΢ĵ
ǿаԭĽƼǳɹˣĪҲЩīȿܻˣϾ˳ΪΪĿԡ
֮ǰϸıƵϸڣջǵ½ƺԭȵĽƲԽԽʦڸҵļ֮պֻΪοܰʦȵļ֮īˣѾٽīȣĪͻȻ䷢֣ԼνһҪԼˡ
ڻдȵļ֮Բο÷ĴȣҲżĵܸ֮ĪṩĲοֵҲˡ
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Ϊ˺ܾõ飬رӰϪôˣϪˮӰطǳ˽⣬Ҳǵ顣
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뵽ʳԨƺܿҪϪˮԽ϶ԼĲ²⡣
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Щڤ֮е޸֮꣬ڤ֮Ĵڣ޿޼ҿɹ飬ڤ֮еĺ͹¼ţֱͶ̥תһ졣
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Ϫˮ֮ǰ΢һ£ջ˽ȥ
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֮ϪˮҪˣҲǰˣһλƷ飬ֱϼ
λֱϼϪˮûаĺøУԣȫ̤Էһٺ͵ڶʳʲôϸ𣬵ϧվɼ
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ֱ뿪˶ԷϪˮȻоԼзȻӰзЩ飬ûͥĶĿԼûЩϢҪ˶ãͥĴͻᵽԼϡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ϪˮоԼرĿЦԼ뵱ͥڻңҲʳߣΪͥͽôһ˿ϣϣڽͥͻʳܹ֮ȫԼ֪ԼѾɼԼȴĻ룬һͱץס˰ѱ
ϪˮͷһԶ貵˫Ŀ֮һ˿Ȼ֮ɫ建Ĵڤʧص˼ȥˡ
ӸĽ紦ԨѾ·ŵһ籮ԨͷԸһ䡣
Ѷ׼֮󣬿ʼж


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ôûͷûԵһ仰˵꣬÷ҲûнʲôĪӵǣӦܹԼ˼
÷뿪ıӰĪӲһݡ
˼Ҫʦȥ飬ƾ⼸գΣղСпܻᲨͨİգʦŻңҰѸĸСһɽͷһĪûκεĳɣתɽȥ
Ȼ÷Ѿѻ˵ݶϣԼҲҪʲôֻҪ÷˵ĻǣʦΪԼãԲẦԼͼˡ
÷עĪɽ¶һ˿Ц⣬ĪûжԼ˵ĻκεɣûжԼһ䣬̱תɽȥˣСϸڣоοˡ
صºӹ壬Īڼмĸ֮ʹŸĸСһңɽȥ
Ī˵ԼҸĸɽɷǳļ򵥣ֱ˵һ÷٣ͬʱҲЩСһˣԼҸĸ̾ʰö׼Īˡ
·СһѧʱĪרŻȥѧõ˸٣ҲеСĪСƣͦõģȻǷǳ׼١
ȵ÷֮Ī̴ŸĸСһȥ÷Сһһ÷̾˷ܵ˹ȥнšүү
÷ֺǺǵĽСһﱧڻҲûмСһˣСһģСһһڣ̰÷ˡ
үүԺҾɽòãҲҪȥѧˣǸ׵ģ
һԵĪҲЦˣԭСһﻹûзһ£÷ܹڣǲȥѧѧˡ
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Ҳ֪Щ鲻ԼʣȻжЩջûпڡ
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ңһǧǰƬݴأʱ򻹲ݣԭȺݡƬս֮ңĿ꣬ƶ񤣬ֱһǧǰڶʳӭһλܣעǲټʿȺݴأִ̫һڣһƬȺݴأݣ˾ٹ˾壡
˼Ļ䣬ͼɽ֮ⲻ֪δԶһԶԶĴ
Ȼ֪ΪнգôǽͲӦд˾٣ڶʳȻѾĳˣЩǾʱԭˣ
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ϵݰյԭˣʳҲǽߣǵĶΪݣҲֻܵˡ
˵ٴȻվҲֻǿоǵٴ𣬲һΣѾ÷ǳͺԷѾɽ֮⡣
˼˵ʲôƾĥƤӣ˫Ҳκһһ˫Ѿ˿ܻкͽ⣬սİ취һѣ˭ֶθһˡ
˵ʲôǷǶԴ˭Щ˭ܹ˵Щ


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ݵ׸ͬĵطݵݸž
ҹ֮еĿս֮ȫ˳פʮݾʮʣµĶʮҲԴʱ׼
ԨһУڵĴ󴬣ʻݾĺС
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ҹݼҪ£ѾڶȤ⿴Ƕ֮󣬵ڶʳ͵ʳ״ν棬Ҳ뿴µĻʳ񵽵Ѿʵ
ԨЩԼϵĿ⣬Щ뿴ǿˣǻûǳҲʵûʲôÿġ
ص˶׼𣿡ԨԵһ䣬ǰû˵ֻĬĵһͷ
ԨԷϵƺȻ֮ſһɾɱϱŴϵЩʿһҲͬʱ˾˵ɱɱ֮£ǸŨѪɷսеҲǴ˷ĸ
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λǲֹô˧ɾͶˣϲŰɫѪɷԨ˫۶һƬͨ죬ħ壬պ
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⵱ͷµĽɫ֣ԨûжԭشһѪɷֱӾͽɫĴû
ʱ֮гһ⣬Ϊһ׵飬ĿصĿǰԨ
ոһģĿֻҪ̽һ£û뵽Ԩһȣûзս𣬾ֱӽԼĹƽˡ
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ԨԷ֣ܿͶ˶ԷݣƷ񽫣Ҳһʷˣǰر߹أ壬սϣʬ
ֻһûԸվ𣿡ԨĿΧɨһȦѾ˼ΧӰ⼸˱ĿһɨҲʶԼѾˣǺһվ˳
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һƳգˮϱһµӰΧһɢΧ¶ȶ˼ɭ֮⡣
ڰߣһԶΧ£ϸһͿһֻǧҵĶ飬̤ۣǧ˵Ķ飬ϵսײƣеıжϳݣϵЩսʿҲǸˣһЩѾȱ
һ֧飬ѪɷԼ֮֮еԨԼ۳ѪɷӵӴ
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ǵڶʳĳ֮Ҫʱ䣬ʳûܹľӣһ֧֮⣬һеľӣҲһ֧漣ľӣʳ֮ΪǾ
İߣѾ׷ԲԵսԼͷƵͷһ˫ǵ˫֮УһȼյĶ־
ǧཫʿҲͬʱˢˢĽͷͷȻȫͷͶˮС
׷ԲԵսϵѪɷӵ˺ˮ֮УղͶˮ֮еЩͷѪɷӰ£ɢһƬѪ⣬һƬĺ档
սһȣ̤뵽֮У̤ˮ棬ͷ·½һȫûгȥ˼
ӭսԨ߷һĻ˫ĿҲ͸¶ս֮ɫݽҧӺ֮³ĸ֡
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ڳеˣλ̫һڵĽ˵Ļȫǳͬ
սʮ꣬ڵڶʳ֮УøĻᣬҲǳĳĴսյĽȫͬˡ
ʮ꣬пͶʳΪʳĴ󽫣һפر߽塣
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ϧǣսңΪڶʳ֮ûͶµĻʳ
ۿԨǰϽսҪչ棬վںϵǸ½ޣ˿ҲܵѪɷų⣬ɵðĿУеĿģȡеһʱ÷Լж
뵽λ½һ̱û뵽˺֮£Ԩע⵽Ǹ½޵ΪûᣬΪȻ˵סԷҪԵģҲоѹǿߣǰ
ڵĴ󴬣ʱѾԨߵЩʿôû˿еվˮϣڿͣϵѪɷ֮ǰѪɷײһ
ɱ
ս
Ԩսͬʱսĺ棬·Ҳһ֮еǼ飬ʱһһԶԶ˿ս֮ϾѪɷֶų֮һе
֮طʿҲһս𣬽ŴҿϣѪɫĹâײһͬʱ˼ʮ׸ߵˮˣžһ֮ѪɷǸۡ
ӵѾ˽ˣڣʼɣԶľӪ֮УһݿǳĽŴѪ⣬Ե˷Ը


ʮ 
սս֮Ӱصɽ֮УһսҲѾ˱ıԵ
ڰ֮УΧɽȵΧڲ֪֮䣬ɵϢһͺҹΪһӰ߽ɽ֮ڣɽ֮е˿˵ܹҵطҲǲףΪطǻ˲˼ģû뵽ǱЩҵˡ
ڻǲҪ˵ˣڶʳѾʧȥǸͳλãͳǵĻʳ˼Ŷ漸ͺҹΪһӰ֮аֲõ˵
ȻĳˣûӦûˣ޳ܵ裬վҲֹ˵ģͺҹΪһӰ˵˵仰ͬʱͻȻ֮һƿ״ķһƿ״ķƿڷɳ䵽
Ƿܹõûȥֲ˵㣬ͬҲ˵㣬ܹһеģֻǱߣҪſ񣡡˼ԷĶ˿壬ǰ֮һһתִָһĹӰ׼ȷ䵽Χÿһλսʿϡ
˼ѾԷǸƿ״ķУһĺأȻһҰ޵꣬һ־ǻꡣ
ЩҰ޵ǱԷÿһֻвϢϵ֮Զǻŵʱʢ
һƬ޻꣬ɽ֮еˣ鶼÷ǳ࣬û뵽ոճһ֣ȴƾеķٻô޻꣬һǧѹ
˼ǳҪĵطӰ߿û̫Ķ֣ҲԲֻжԷһ
ǰһ־Щ鷳Щڵȴʱ׼ǡʱֵĶֻ֣ˮ׼أ
ǰ׼ƺЩִ٣˼ʱҲЩģԼ׼׹֣ˣڶЩѾ壬ֻϣһбźá
սӰε䱸ǰһɱһǿѪɷۣΧʿϵΪһɣһȺ̫سرһ̣ͻȻһ䣬ϳһָζսһ㡣
Ȼ佫վںһ÷ʱźȻ֣ԭӰλ䱸ʵѾﵽ佫ĳ̶ȣ൱ߵ񾳽磬ڴ֮ǰ÷̽λ䱸óĽ۶Էֻ磬ΪԼԼ൱
λ䱸׼ĵ֮һ÷뵽Է֮ǰΪؼʱ̱˲üЩ̫ľӣܹӳ̶ȵϾǧ׵ãһһ֧佫ǿߴľӣս̨ܹס
ѪɷЩ޻Ҳ˹˲䰵ɫѪɷЩֵ޻꣬չ˵һײ
λε䱸ǰһкȻ֮һѴ󵶣ϱһɺ˵ƣ߸ߵһεľ޴ʮ׳Ŷ޻նȥ
۵ѪɷڽӴЩ޻ʱ˲˺ЩõĹ壬һƬ޻ɨѪɷЩаɵ˺ɼһߡ
ʳ佫ȻŵһСطֳƿ״ĺӰаһһλ佫ǿڣ޻ƿʹĴۿۣ϶滹˼𶼻ûô֣ԭ̽һ˼ĵϸڿԼĴˡ
ʱɽ֮ȴͻ״Ȼ֮䣬һɫĹâɽ֮𣬽ɽȶˡ
âɽ֮еһԷǳĿô֮оȻǬһǳĿռ䡣
÷ȥһĻ˼̶÷˵
÷һͷûκηϻɿǿô֮ǰ
ס֣ʱɽȵϿգһȻͬʱһֻʮ״ֵӴôֱɽ֮䡣
ʤսλӰε䱸һһɽ֮еѪɷͻȻ֮ٵľ£ɽȵϷγһѪɷɵĴ죬컹Щãֶôһ죬ȴεסǸ֮µӡ
ᣬ÷Ѿǿô֮ǰڵٵڴϵ˼£ȻŲǰһ磬̽뵽֮еǸռ
֮µǸӴʱڱס̵֮ɶأͬʱٵСȻһֻץУʱſԿԭղŴµǸӣȻһëʡ
񲮣վˣ˼̧ͷǸëʵˣһ𱻽ֵ飬ƺЩʹϧ˵
ò𱻽ֵ飬ϵĽɢȥһۣƤЩڣ΢΢Щձмֲɣ˵
ԣһһУһѳӰҲ˰񲮵ߣϪˮ
ǰӰ뷷֮Уڶˣͬʱɽ֮⣬һڵӰ֪ʲôʱѾɽΧһȦɽ֮ͦɭɭĹ֪Щȫǹޡ
ΪҲҪʱˣսɣϪˮ·ɽȣϵı鲻ϲе˵
һ䣬һ֣гһӣնһɽ֮ǿôȥ
һǹͷ·һ˲ͽⳡսȼˣЩΧ£Ĺޣ̷ӵɽȣɽ֮ɱ˼ӰεĳʱǰһһִӡһִһӭϪˮ
˼ҲͬʱóԼĹӡϱһǿƣ֮еİ񲮣һ˲䣬ɽ֮оսһš
˿̾ɽȲԶһĪͷɽǱɽ֮бâһ̿ʼĪӾ֪ˣҪĴ£صڹâǱߡ
Īԭ߽һ㿴ǵսӽڵλã̿һӣ룬һ۾ͿǸӣһ޴ëʷƷҲпǷ
ţɽǱ˾ĺɱĪӾǱôԶҲܹԼ֮ʱʱĲҽ
ʦӿЩ棬ĪӾѾǱжôΣˣ뵽Լʦ÷ھǱߣĪһᣬŲǱߵɽȽӽ
ֻĪӵĶ൱СģɽȻһҴĪӿٵĿһǰ·Ȼû뵽һƬݴ֮УʼһѧϰľκϢû˲ľ֮УȻһ·ƶɽȵϷһôҶķ϶֮УĪڿɽ֮ڵ
ӳģɽǿɢŹâĴرǴ֮еĿռڣԼʦ÷Ӱ


ʮ 
ԶԶĿ֮е÷ƺµӣĪﲻɵһע⵽÷Ķ
ֻ÷ڴ֮еĿռڣ˫ֽŵ棬ϲ⣬ڴ߷
ʦڸʲôĪţʵѾһʱˣںԼйأǺԼйصܣ˱ܾһҪ֪̽
ɽ֮УʱսѾԽԽˣӰرصرλ䱸Ĵ£ÿһ϶һѪ⣬ͬʱһ㵭Ľ⡣
ֹâ£ЩõĹޣǷ˹޻꣬ǶܶЧ˺
ͷϿյһõս죬ָǿķһ˼˵սᲨЩʿˣЩʿ֮УȻ˲ٵ
λε䱸ʼֵǸֳƿ״ĺӰԷҲӵ񾳽ʵһλӵ佫˿ȫǱѹŴ
һλ佫ûдԼľӣܷӳսŷǳһԼӵ佫Ǵߣٽһܹѷ׵ĴڣҲԸǡ
ֳƿ״ĺӰѹŴ֮⣬ĪӷһսλӰεĳҲȡѹԵƣĶĪӷԼȻʶȻܹ÷Ϫˮ
⣿ĪӸе΢΢ЩȣϪˮλӰƷλ֮Ӧʵֻ֣൱꾳硣
Ϊεĳʵʵʵ񾳽磬Ŵ󾳽Ĳ֮£ϪˮȻ·磬ȴܹĪӾˡ
ϸһᣬĪڷ˶ߣλӰεĳƺЩϪˮ֪Ϊʲôͷ·ڷйһ㣬һѳУ಻ˮˣŶеطնȥоЩƴȫ˼
ΪĴ򷨣öһʱ֮޷£Ͼ֮һ󾳽Ĳ࣬˵·磬ǻܹסһʱ
ɽ֮еսĪӶʱսҵĳ̶ȣһȽ֪֪ǣھӰ֮սҳ̶ȣȫС׼ס
˿ϣѾȫˮ֣ͻȻˣΪ֮ϵսģˮ֮УĿĶѪɷɵս죬һ顰ġԨһ顰ӡŲϽս
ս죬ֱֻ֮佫֮ϵֲܹգս𣬽ʿսʿǣܹԴԴϵֱսһ̣ͬʱ佫ܸս첻ͬЧǿʿս
ˮ֮УԨϽսڽҵĽ֣սеıУһѰսֵ沼ȱڣƣΪЩƵĴڣõմȾ˵˵Ѫ𽥵͸ѵڣƺڱϱԵĵһֱװΡ
ҪսѰսֵƺѾ˱ϵıԵʵҲֻǱѣҲѰսֵͨս˴СС֪ٴεս֮ѾһͨĸֵˣºԨеһѿĳöײ˲֪ٴΣҲ˿·硣
ΪȻԼصļ֮սֻʿıָǱףΪֵΪ粻ɺ
Ԩսս֮սûʩչ̫໨ڵսʽѡͨͬΣյսʽƾļ֮ս
սԲ֮ڣûκһʿҿΪֻҪһӽôͻĸоڽֵˣǿƽÿһ̺Կɽʯɱ
ȴεÿһ֮Уֻеײһ˲䣬Żôһ˿й¶
ԶĸԶһսҲѾʼˣûôգǳȴӵĻֺ꣬ͬʱҲӵĹ졣
ʮĽʿſͣӴѪɷۣһλὫĲ֮£ӴѪɷ·֮һȺֵһ֮ڡ
λǰ֮Ҳң˧붯ֵ֣ԣ밲ĴҪλͳ˧̧ͷϴһ˿ƽ˵
ȻӦģȴһ貵Ľ⣬ͼһ·ѪɷǺܿϧһûѪɷ֮Уת˲֮㱻ûڡ
ЩĹͽ޹λĽ죬ûκεķӦɴôһ˿ôĵţõҲնɱЩ飬ֻǿסЩ飬ǲҪȥҾǡ
αأǡһͳ˧հĿķ
ʱ򣬾ͼķһɫĹâ𣬴ֺѪɷͬʱֺЩˮ£Ƭ涼ӳһƬɫ
񱻴ˣԲ񱻶ߣһ⣬ͳ˧ıʧˣޱȵĶԵ˷Ը
񣬱̫һ֮ʱԭˣ׼Ҫ𣿡ʱ·̫һڵλ½ޣһƣĶǰ˵
ѺαˣѾһˣ츣һգͬʱҲΪ̫һڻ˶£ΪݰգΣλ½ǰģͬһʿһ鲻תԲ̣̬ȷǳº͵Ȱ
˵ĵǺʳһҪʲôŲ᲻֪ɣҲȡվҪˡ½һڶԷԷǳĲм
ݵĲô죬̫һھͲ𣿡ʿڡ
ߣȡͳôͳȻӦǳеȻΪͳֻкôɣλҪıк㣬ʧˣ㲻᲻ףÿɣ½޼˵ֻһΣǸʿûٷ
ͷһ·˴˵ڴصĸʱʦųУʿ̾һսŲ˿á
ʱӰǸɽ֮УĪӿڴռ֮е÷˫ְѹ֮һЩ仯Լ֮Կ·һɫͨӲ֪η
ϸĹ۲һ£ͻᷢɫͨͺһôһ㣬˴׳֮⣬ֳַϸСĸϵһϸܵͨ˴֮ĵط
ʲôһĻĪӵ˫һ룬һĿ˳ɫͨͼܹ̽Դͷ


ʮ ɽ
ĪĿ֮ɫͨľͷƾĿҲֻͽ޹
ʱĪע⵽ڴռ֮е÷˿Ķ
÷ӵվһ̯ĵӡУȻвŷƺҲʲôǸôԶĪӸ˿÷ûдϾһСռ
÷ж֮ɽȵϿգͻȻ֮һɫĴǻʳȵĪѾˣǵһμ÷ûʳȵ
ӡȻһЩʳ֮Ǿûа취˴ģĵʳ֮ĪӲ֪⾿ô£ֻܹ룬רŸ÷ʱʳȵͷһĪӾԨϣרԼʦ÷ǰȥпܾǸʱ
ס֣ڹϣͻȻɽֳ֮һһ֮г֣һֺӰչ¶˵ǰ
ֺӰϪˮȥ˾һǿƷ顣
ڶԷֵĵһʱ䣬ֺֻ֣һǿô֮нӿԼз֮һȻ˿û֡
ĪӿһĻĶʱᵽɤۣӿʶľ˷׼ҪֹԷĶ
ǻûеĪжͼ֮нɫķ֮ͻȻ֮ſһֻ۾εע·ǸͻȻֵƷ飬Ķͣסˣͷ·ʩ˶䣬վԭ˿á
ܿ죬Էٴ˸˽⣬Լ֮һõĻ棬ϵͽٶŶԷԸӳϡ
ԸֵƷϵĽּǰĴ
֪˼һĻϵıһ䣬һֻֿ뻳У˻ĳ
ͬʱӰصļطڽһЩسǣһЩѾźõ֣ʱж
һõۣڼʿĴ£ƿһǳƫƧطСţȫ˵ľţͷʿóһŸŴӡ飬
ʳ޵̼ԾλðˮҰ֮俪뽨ռ𣬴Ϊ룬ɽλˣ֣
ʿһ䣬һǰһпʼǵҵϷʱͻȻðһɽ⣬һиҪµͻȻ֮ͱ˳ȥ
ĵʿһиŴӡĹǰһףһֽᱡĹģ䵽ǰϣַ·ǧʯһ㣬Ȼҵķѡ
һĻĻӱߺܶĵطӰ֮⣬ӸֻҪˮĵطصĶôΣȫ˳
ɽ֮ǸֺٴһǰĴһƽǰĴҵ÷飬ȴǸռ䡣
ɽϷĪӣԭǸһγ֣ǿôˣһ˲䣬ۿЩˣеѾƴɽż÷Ȼû¶ŻָһЩǣϿƽڵغԼΡ
λƷԭΪԼһܹǸռҲһͬĵķ飬û뵽ˣǸռ侹Ȼ˿Ӱ죬ռ֮еǸʿҲûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ӣλƷŭˣϵȫſͷϵķֻ֮ҪһǰĿռ䣬ȻԼȫˣЩһƣҪֹڻʳΪӦô
ĪӸоһӴƴӶԷԼôԶǸܵѹȻǷǳӴڵתѣϵľֱӱˣһôϣïܵڣû̱¶Լ
˵ɽ֮еļλ֣ǲǲԼЩ˵ˡ
ĪϢ׼ڵֿӴƵʱȴͻȻ֮оԼһᣬղǹƣһ̼ת£̼ʧӰ١
ô£ԸǸһһƷ飬Щʧɽ֮еս׵ͣҰĿⶼۼϡ
ֻϿսɫķ֮Уֻ۾һ⣬䵽ǸƷϣƺӶԷϳȡ
˼ǰһŶԷĿ˵Ծλ޳֮ͽ̰ջҲ£ͽλͶһУ
ôܣƷ飬ӵˮ񣬾ǻʳˣҲûа취޹ʽҴλܵԼϵϵʧͬһ鲻ŵĴ
֮ȽɭϣһƷ飬൱֮Ʒ൱֮ƷӦ֮ƷӦǴ֮ƷʵѾˡ
ȼ飬߱ǿʵҲѾһЩ޷׵İλҲô䡣
Ʒλһλôģǰ֮ʣûͶȡɣɹƭλԼαĹƭͽһƷλ𣿡˼ʱ絶ִԷģ˵ǲȫʵͲˡ
޳֮ͽԾλ֮䵽³ҲǾȡվɢ֮գȥɣ˼ָڿдһ֣һָϸѾҪʧȥȥ
飬ҲҪҪŻȥһлᣡۼͷԷ侲ֱٴֻһ·ڲ㿪ɽ֮ȥ
ߣλ佫Ӱ䱸״̴һһѾսʱöԷα˼֡
ܵ˺ʱҲͣҪɽȣȻصڤصԼ
Էս֮󣬾Ȼܹƴߣλ佫䱸˫ǰһ죬һ乭ƣоȻһ
һѪɫĳϢķڶԷӳɽ֮ǰ׼ȷ˶ԷŶԷĻ鿪ȻһɫĲл꣬Ȼɽ֮ȥλ佫䱸˿ЩˣԷٶȣȻ¶Էˡ
ɽϷһϵĪӣȴǵŵĲл꣬ôֱԼͱܵҪԼ
ţĪ뵽Էղɽ֮УҪ÷ΪбһŭʱȫѹƲסˣԷѾ˵̶ˣʱԼѶԷߣĪӾԼЩԲ÷
ٵʩչһˮɫĹâͬʱĪó˾࣬תڵݺݵ졣
ǵĲл꣬û뵽ڼӳʱ򣬾ȻıʣˮɫĹâһ裬ھ֮Уɵ΢΢ͣһ¡
ڣĪӽڵ뵽֮УȻԾеľݺݵҵǵĲлϡ
ˣ
һǵҲͬʱ׵飬ŵǵл꣬ҲΪĪӵһ£׵ɢˡ


ʮ 䶨
ĪӽǵĲлɢʱĪӸоԼеŭһ£׷йˣûе䵽ϣĪӾͻȻоƺһ֮˳Լֱ۽뵽ԼڣֱԼʶ֮С
Īʶ֮еһ첻ʱâǹ֮ʶһ˲䣬ֱû뵽첻֮УȻ첻Ĺâ˲ͱ˼֡
ĪʱҲ̽Լʶ֮ǵ첻⾿ı仯Ҳ̽ղŽԼһ֮ʲô
Ī䵽ĵһʱ䣬͸оһߣһ˲ȫ䵽ԼϣʱͷתԼӦתȾܣӦܹȥ˼һߣѰһ±ӻ
Ⱥ֮ȻһСУǱӦˬһ߿ĪӣȿڵģȷʵĪǰϪˮֻͷЦһЦ֮˵ĳ죬Īһ֮󣬱ֱתȥλһ⣬Զȥ
񲮿뿪˵Ϫˮ񣬽ŲҲһͬϽתֱ뿪ɽȡ
ȥѽɽֳƿ״ǸӰͻȻ֮䶼ˣЩʵĴһ
һûܰ뿪麰Ķ֡
ˣͲҪ뿪佫䱸תͷЦһɽϷսɢȥŨѪɷɽȡ
˼ҲӦҲͬʱϣ߶֮Ͻɫķ֮貵Ľ⣬Щ޺޻һ˲ѹƵüá
ֳƿ״ĺӰʱҲˣԼղΪʲôҪһߵʱԼһ߲ͬͺˣڱǷӦҪЩˡ
ĪվһߣʱûעԼˣ̳ûľڲľڱ֮УغԼϢΣ㵽һ԰ȫĵط
ʱ԰ȫһЩĵطǿ÷һƬûбѪɷӰ쵽ղż˽սʱ˼ҲǿıƬΧ
ĪӽŴƬռ֮е÷ʱԽһЩĪӿĿ÷Ѿ˺ˮŵӡޱרעƺڵȴʲô
ݸ£̫һڵİ½ޣŵʿ˿Զλ½޵ϣ۵ѾˣλʿǰҲһһָĽˡ
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ڼߣҲһɱ½ĻӦ
һֻһɽûκܵɱŵʿӹ˵
Ͳˣ½޻ɱ䡣
ʱѾˣûа취񣬲ʹ˰ְɣ֮һһģΣ
ԷĻ½޵ͷ˺׸һۣͬʱҲԼ֮ǰʦųԼĻǱ㿪˵
ŵ̫һڣ
ȻºŻŵλʿԣûκγɱشˡ
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Īӿǰԡ֮е÷ʶ֮еǵ첻⣬ƺҲܵӰ죬âøǿ˼֡
ʱѵԡ֮е÷Լĵӡ֮һһɽϿյķ֮̽ڻʳȵ÷ߵ⽥ıȡҽⲻϵӣٵ˴أһɫ֮ͨУɫһڴ֮д
ֱһ̣ĪӲԵĿһЩߣͽһƺ޲ŵ
Ͽգ貵ķ֮ҲڽԴԴϵĹ䵽ףԴͷҲڵء
ԨϽսҲѾ֣ͣڿз֮µʱսѾתµʿ뿪ˡ
ԨûѡΪҪ¾ͱϽͱضҪСĴۣһЩֵá
֮еķ֮ǵɫĹ׵ľһʱͻȻ֮Ѹٵû뵽֮Уһʱ֮һŽɫĹâըһϯķĲˣŴ֮£ݾķɢ
ˣӹԼµĹΣԨ֪εɹˡ
Ӱصɽ֮УҲͬ˺ͬ£ɫʹ⴦ɽȳ׵ɢɢӰصķΧӸ
ĪӵĽĪ˲͸оʶ֮У첻һ춯Ҳһ춯ûʲôεı仯
ڶΣҲǴɢĹһӹĮӵĽ£Īʶ֮еһ첻⣬ͻȻ֮âʢԼ֮䣬һͻȻ֮䱻ȡûĪӵڡ
̷ǳΣڴעµĹʱûκ˻ע⵽Īӡ
ʮʱ֮󣬴֮µĹɢˣҲ»ָԭӡ
ĪվǰƬռ֮У÷ӰͻȻ֮䵹£ſռ俪ʼϵС÷ӿռ֮ų˳
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һ˵÷Ч÷ڵڵصĿգѾҲ˲١
Ī̴Ӵ֮óһƿǵü鵤Īͻ뵽ڵʱùһƿ֮лš
һ鵤÷ĿУĪӽԼ÷ڣҩ
鵤ҩºͣȻû֮ЧǶ÷˵ǱȽ϶֢
Щ÷ɫƺһ˿תĪӱתͷȥͼɽ֮еսѾ䶨ˡ
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ʮ ʼĩ
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⼸仰˵꣬˼תȥ
Īӿ˼ıӰȻһеô£ȴûпڣԼ̫ˣʵʳڣ˼ҲԼ
תȥĪӽ÷ߵȺһ߳ɽȡ
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Ī»ص÷۵ʱҲ֪ǲԼĴɽ·ƺǰһЩ
УĪӵĸĸѹˣֳĶôȻ޶ԣѹ֮̾ͷĪӲ÷ڣ˲ҲЩ¡
Ӷڻ⣬÷ôˣĪɽĪӣոӭȥžͿĪӱϵˣɵɫ䡣
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÷⸱ӣĪԭʵĻһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôʳڡ
Īദô÷ԼλӣȻҲ˽ģǱ˵ѾˣҪ֪ΪʦԸˣʲôǡ
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÷һֱ壬忿ڴͷһ߿˵ε飬׷ȫΪһ񣡡
񣡡Īӿһ֡
֪ڵݣǰʲô֣÷ʵ
֪˵һǰݴأǽȺݣΪݣĪӻشЩʷ֮жмأĪҲ
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ΪŸıݻĻƬ»ָȻָϹ֮òҲ㹻
񣬾ǺεȱȻĪ̲סһ䡣
ݴһɱЧҲ֣÷شȻż˵
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÷˵꣬ĪѾȫˣֲ÷ôƾһ꾳ߣԦʳȵһɱɢĵĸɾҲء
Ϊʦһӣϧʲѣǵ飬һҲûʲôóƵģû뵽ӰأȴҲһĺ£Ӱصĵ޲ϣƬػñǰӷ֣ͬʱҲɽպһҪغãȵ֮˵Ҳܽһҵ÷Ŀ⣬鿴ǳȻ
Լľ÷ûκεĺڣѾоԼ壬ʱ޶࣬ѾﵽԼĿġ
£ܹɹҲԲ׹ֻأ֮·
Լݵ⼸꣬ҲѾĪ²ˣԼ֮󣬲õԼжϾ
÷ĪӷǳģĪӵʣ˵ܹܳһ֮׽ľԪȫһͳǸʱһĹ⾰


ʮ 
ʼĩĪ˽ˣͬʱҲ֪ʱ֮Укܶû鱾֮ϣվ˵
÷ѹ֮ĪӵĸĸСһɽϴһ죬÷ɫ˲٣Ըһ뿪ˣ֮ǰĪӣһҪúչ÷СһҲѵöһΣûȥ÷ĺӡ
ĲͬˣɽҲøӸߴˣվɽɽĪɽ־֮ɽƺøӸߴһЩľֲøïʢˣΧҲŨˡ
ı仯ֻɽһӰأƺˣľøïʢǰøŨˡ
Щ仯ĪӾ뵽Լʶ֮е첻⣬ھ֮Լʶ֮е첻⣬ƺҲһЩ仯
Īʶʶܹǵ첻⣬âǰ˵첻֮УԼһģ˴˵Ľ֯һ
ı仯ĪЩϤ֮Ƶʱûб֯ɵĽƣЩ֯һķľͷǳơ
ƾǰ֮УЩȱǳĻ棬ĪѾˣԼʶ֮Уһ첻⣬ƺһЩôԼ֮ݻƵơ
ζţδĳһ죬첻⣬пһ
ǸϣԼþɵǸƷĲл꣬ʱиоʲô뵽ԼڣȻûʶ֮е첻⣬ϸһ£״̬֮УǵлܹʣµĶֻΪӡˡ
Ī֪ӡ䱾ҲɷĹɵģ¶ľǶͷǵƣǷǳǣ֮ûӡȫͬͬһλȺλ鶼ιҲӵиԲͬӡ
֮ڤլĽ֮ÿһլ֮ͷγɵķӡҲϸ΢Ĳ졣
Լʶ֮첻ı仯ǰչ÷ԼĸĸҲɽϣĪӲûжʱ̽ʦ״̬ѾöˣĪҲͳһЩʱоһ£첻⣬ûʲô̫ı仯
ʵ˵Ǳ仯ĻʱܹĪӵһЩôЧƺֽһǿˣ˵ӿĪٶȵĺôĪĺôûô䣬Чȴǿ˺ܶࡣ
ĪʱѾԵĸо˱仯ԼԺ֮йͼҲƺ첻ҫ£ǰˡ
ʱ䣬Īܹϵ˼ȷ࣬÷Ȼ˵תˣĪӻ÷˾㶼֪
÷Ѿܹµ߶ˣΪǰ˵һС磬ݲ࣬ͷͺƺҲʧȥ˹ȻͦΣĪӵһǿиɵζ
ôãĪ״Ϊ÷еˣ˷ǲľ飬ԼһԽߣһ˵꣬ôദʦͽ꣬ȴʵʵڵģ٣Կ÷ӣĪĲ֪˵ʲô
ص÷֮УĪӾͿ÷վ÷£˫ִϣ˸
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ǸһʦľͷڴϣҲȻûǵ̣ʼʱĪΪ˶Ȱ֪һκ˽̸ĪӲ֪Ϊʲô˵ЩĪԶˡ
һӵʦҲûиɳʲôãֱһЩһЩСϧȴʱ޶࣬ŻţŮϰЩʲôһûʲôı£ջõó֣Ҳˣ˵ЩֵܹǮҲŮϰµĶ
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Īԣص˵ͷ÷ߣһɽȥ
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˳ɽµС·һֱߵϣ·Բľףһо֮ǰȣһЩС仯÷Уȴܹηӳһ
ðһ࣬ûа׷ѣһǰţ÷̲ס̾һ䡣
÷ţĪҲӰظı仯עʼ÷ϣҪӰسǵʱ÷ͣס˽Ų
߰ɣȥɣ
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ˣԺʱģ÷תһһ˵
ص÷ۣ÷ûнԼ֮Ϣ֮Уóһʼ
ޣУ컯
Ī÷Ժ֮У̻Լոս÷ʱĳʱ÷Լʶֵĵһǽڡ׵һз·Ŀ
ʱ÷ɿ죬գ֮䣬һµʱʹţһµʱ֮УĪһֱɽ÷ҲûκһɽѰ
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÷磬ĪˣҪ÷߶
ͽйͽΪʦһӭӣ÷Ī˵
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һȺɽվſڵ÷Īӣ˼̿ڵ
÷뷷⵽ˣ


ʮ ᰲ
ˣĪ˼Ļ˿ЩˣȻһԼߵ÷
÷˼ĻĿɨһˣȻ΢΢¹ڵ
Ӱص÷ˣӻʳ뷷⣡
˼Щ֮Уһλ۵˳ǰ̯ƾճһɫľᣬ˵
Ӱص÷ˣаְأ޲ݵ֮д󹦣ʳ뷷÷Ʒλšᰲ
һ䣬ԷеľԶ֣ڿѸٵĴ򿪣һû뵽÷ڡ
վ÷ĪӣһͻȻоԼʶ֮еǵ첻⣬ƺ΢΢Щǵʧ̫죬첻ĲҲֻһ˲ѡ
뷷ʽȵպλһ̣ɸòٰ죬ǹڵλϢԼĹɻʳѸ壡û÷ڣλʳĹԱ㿪˵
ʹˣһ裡÷˼
ҵȻйҪȥأΪ⼸λȥ뷷⣬Ͳڴ˶ˣǣλԱ˵ͬʱ˵֮䣬ֶǽɫľһУջصȻ˫ֵݸ÷
÷Ҳæ˫ֽӹŶԷ˿ˮתɽȥ
Ҳ̫˰ɣĪӿȺɽȥĽŲԼǲǿˣ뷷һ飬ֻҪ˲𣬶٣ǲӦһʽ
ʦǣˣĪתͷһ÷Щŵ˵
ǲǾЩʣ÷ԼӣϴβסЦ˵
ĪӵͷԼ֮еȫһͬʱҲԼѧĲһƺӦиʽ
֮ȻУڲͬݵˣҲġս߹صĽʿΪÿһη񣬶Ҫ뷷飬λȽϸߣʶкƴʽʱ򣬿ܻһξٹ룡
Ĺ˵˶Ĺһ֮󣬲Żʵķ֮񡣶Ϊʦĵ٣ҲĹ٣뿪ʱз֮񣡡
÷֮Īԭίԭˡ
÷žᣬת߽÷۵ıӰĪʱȴǣ뿪֮ǲ֪ʦ׻жʱ䣡
Īһߣʱ֮УĪӶ÷ҲǶȻˡ
һеսᣬ÷ҲǷȻټ֮գֻǲһֱԼˡ
ҪѧԼߣԼ÷Ѿõ̫࣬Ȼ˵ԱҲǵõ˻ĵ·÷Լһ֮·ԼΪ꾳ѾԶˣ÷ߣĪҲ֮㡣
ЩⶼͨˣĪ¶һĨȻ΢ЦȻҲת߽÷ۣҲЩ棬Ѿ뷷÷֮ǰ˵Щʲô仯
ĪӺȥ÷ʱ÷ԼΨһĵҲûκεֱӾ͸ĪӴ𰸡
ʵҲûʲô仯ֻΪʦУѾĿʼˣ֮ǰ˵ĸӡ֮޲ڵΪʦʽܹ֮֮󣬳׵ɱӴΪʦһҲ˵û뵽ʳ˴󷽣ȻΪʦƷλ뷷⣬񾳽磬ɱΪʦ۷ʱڵΪҪߣ
Լõλ÷˸е൱ˣԭ÷Ĳ룬ԼֻܴܻðƷλƷλĿԲ󣬱Ͼ뷷ڻʳ˵ҲҪĻʳ˵ģ˵Ķ٣ȴǺͱ뷷߱йء
˵ͬ뷷һƷ飬ǰһƽͷգһӲûʲô£ûзҲû󹦣ߣһбȽϸߵˣһЩףôͬƷ뷷⣬ĵĻʳˣԶԶĵǰߣʱǳĴ
ǺһֵעĵطͬҲΪˣʳ뷷飬Ķ󣬶Щ˹׵ˡ
Īǰ÷ЩеԭҪǣ֮Ҳ
ʦպ֮·׸أ÷Īӵһ֮ĪӺܿ͹÷պϸе⣬÷ǰ֪ʶ
֮·ҪλȨĸˣȽɭϣ֮⣬иƷλ飬ڵƷ׵飬оԵѹƣյȨȴְͬʱҲȨܹ˲Ӧͨ˵Ҫ̶ҲϵܷٵĻ򣬱ӻԼͽ
Ҫһ취ͨջۣУﵽԼλЧǳһ취ǽܸһ뷷⣬ñһ㣬ȻЩѣٶȻܶ࣡
÷ڸոս뷷󣬶һЩӦ˽ĻҲͬʱȻأڲܹĸĪӽЩ
÷Ľ֮ĪڶһȽֱ۵ʶЩ뷷飬Ī뵽٣ҪôԼλϿİȵˣûлõΣҪôȻͻܵΡ
һ뵽÷ԸĪӾã˵÷ĻӦ·
˽ЩĪҲٴο۽磬ӴһЩµĶԥĪջǰԼʳڵĻ˳
ǣʦͣã
仰ʳڣĪϸ÷ɫ÷ϵû̫ı仯΢΢һ
÷ĪӣٿԼнɫľᣬĿֻ÷һȦЩĳ˵
Ϊʦ꣬ʲѣʵûʲôⱲΨһ飬һΪʦķţ÷һЩɷڣΪʦҲǻΪˡڶ飬ΪʦܹΪͽͽӵΪʦһμ㣬֪ϻ۲ͶԵ㲻ݣǳ弸ŵľڣΪԲֹˣΪʦţ÷۽﷢˵ΪʦһɢޣҲһλɡ
Ϊʦʱ޶࣬ԼҲ֪÷ͣã֮ǰЩź֪ܲܿͻ꾳磬Ϊܴﵽ꾳磬ôپһЩԱ֮ΪʦҲߵøӰġ
÷˵ĿͻȻĶĪӵȻ֮仰һתΪʦ÷۵һʱ䣬Ϊʦᶽȡά뿪֮ǰͻƵ꾳磬ΪʦúεСͨ


ʮ 
÷ӵ뷷ĪӵͻȻ֮Щ̫ùˣÿ켸˳ϵʱ䶼
÷ΪĪһ⣬ͻȻ֮һ˼ϣԼ뿪֮ǰܹĪͻ꾳硣
ĪڵΪ÷ĪŬһԼ뷨δûпʵ֡
ĪڵҲͻƵĳ̶ȣʶ֮еĹͼҲѾȽˣ˼ϣ·һĴԭƽˮ棬ҲƺһЩ˼
˵ԭĹͼһöҹ̶Ļ棬ڵĹͼȻãȴ˼ֻ֡
Щ仯ĪĸоԼЩͬˣԭʶ֮кѷɢȥľѾʼʵǾɱףҲֻ׶ѣҪɱҪԼΪ꣬꾳ĸҲƵ
꾳磬·ϣӭĵһɱ䣬ͬʱԪҲõӳڳĵ·һС
ĪӸоԼʱ䣬ͷ·صԼո÷ѧϰʱÿǰԼѧϰʱ䰲ŵģֻǸʱԼҪ÷ȥ٣ԾľȥѧϰϣܹǸ֣ܹ
û뵽ԼȻᱻ÷ڱĪﲢû˿ĿܣͬҲϣԼͻ꾳硣
÷Լָ㣬ʱ֮У꾳֮ǰһ⣬ܹ÷õ𰸣첻ЧøǿˣĪֻһʱ䣬͵˿ԳͻƵĳ̶ˡ
ٶ÷Ҳû뵽Ԥ֮Ҫ˺ܶ࣬̽ĪڵԺ󣬷ĪӵĸúܽʵڵʵʵԼģҲûκεĲףֻܰ鹦Īӿ̿ɽøŨԵʡ
һЩ֮УĪ׼ʼͻƣѡһȻĪӿΪ֮Ϊʶ֮ǵ첻ԵʣĪ˵һֺܺҲʺĻ
Լķ֮УĪӿʼתڵͬʱʶ֮мԼĹͼеٶȱԽԽ죬ĪӵʶУǸͼҲʼ˱仯
ޱ߿ˮ֮Уһòˮ룬ΧûľˣǳҲΪֵ͹Գˮޱ߿㣬ĲͦΡ
ĪӰաľԪļأʼԼľע뵽ͼ֮С
Īӵľͼ棬һ̱øˣԭƺڻʵˮ棬һĶǿòҲƺһ˯ѵľˣʼչԼɣ˲ϰθ˼֡
÷֮У÷վĪӵķǰӦΧͻȻĪӵķ֮лۣ֪ĪѾʼˡ
Ҳ칫ڴʱ׹䣬ĳ÷Īӵ֮ʱĳ棬Ǻεȵơ
Ըͽһ˳˳ͻƵ֮Ҳͳ׵İˣǶĪӷǳģ÷Ҳ̲סЩҲԼڵõ뷷̬֮Щʧ⣬׼ȷ˵ǽĪӾͻ꾳磬ҪȻԼ뿪ʱǻǣӡ
֮Ʈͬʱͻ֮еĪӣоԼʶ֮У첻Ĺâֱǿһ㣬ţĪӸоԼǰͻȻһ䣬ͻȻ֮䷢ԼһƬޱߵˮ֮УΧˮ֮⣬ûˡ
ĪԼǱһòޱˮ롣
뵽ͼ֮ˣڿ˵ͻ꾳磬Ѿɹһ롣ԼĪû˿ľţЩϸ÷Ѿˣʶ뵽ͼڣɱһҪ̡
ޱˮ룬ĪӸоԼıôԼֽűɣĸϵԼܹоԼͬʱҲҪøߣȥǷ·ûб߼ʵĲ񷡣
ʱţԼڲϵĳߣøӼ֦ͣɱøӴ׳ϵøӷʢ֦Ҷøïܡ
ڣԼԽԽߣڽӴͷϵĲ񷣬˲񷡣
һ˲䣬ĪͻȻ֮䷢Լ߱øӹˣǰĲޱߵˮԼڴϣͻƵԼػԼ÷һεδ֮µΣ÷ۣɽǸԶĵطȫľ۵ס
ǣ壬ҳɹˣӸУĪ̾ףԼˣʹԼѾɱ䣬ѾɹͻƵ֮
Ī÷ʱҲ¶һõЦݣͬΪ꾳Īֵһ˲䣬̷ĪӵǿЩģ׵ķˡ
ãͻƵ꾳磬ʣʿ֮ҲУȴ÷˵ͽܣһԼĺ룬÷һͻȻЩ⣬Լһʲѣûʦ̵֮·ߵĿĿϾ˵;ֻıԼȴһӣһԽŵӵţͽˣ򸴺
Īϵⷢɢֳ˷Բ̽鵽ԲʮʱĪŸо˳Ǳ㿪ʼջ
ջأڷ֮еĪӲûнͻƣҪ̽Լͻ꾳磬õСͨ
СͨĪӿںͿʼ۲ˣһμ÷СͨͶһֶޱȵĴѡ
ԼҲ꾳ˣͬҲԼСͨĪӸеڴģԼСͨʲô
𰸺ܿͽˣĪջʶһ˲䣬ʶ֮У̵õһϢǹͻ꾳֮õСͨϢ
ˮľ廪ĪõС֣ͨ˽⵽Сͨĵһʱ䣬ĪӾ֪ԼСͨҲٲʶ֮Уǵ첻Ĺ͡
Īǰʱˮľ廪԰ֽģָ԰־ɫǳۣĪû뵽ԼõСͨ֡
ӦԼʶ֮У·ӡԼϵСͨĪĸоͨĲֻ࣬һСͨҲԶɱȡ
ҪֻҪһͷͨͿڷٶϣͱ˵̫ˡ
غһĪ˫ۣӴĿ⿴һ棬ĪӾͷԼƺǰˣ֮ϸ΢ĻҳҲƺܹü
ԼڳĪӱŷȥƿ˽յķţһ۾Ϳվ÷
ʦͻ꾳ˣ
ã÷ĪӣͻȻ֮ͷЦһתȥ


ʮһ ʦͽд
ʦôˣĪͻ꾳ĵڶ죬ȻؽŵĪӾԼЩ÷ˡ
Դ÷õ뷷һ쿪ʼĪӾͷ֣÷ͻȻ֮ƺЩˣЩʱܹ㶮÷˼Щʱȴȫ֪÷ʲôͱ˵ڡ
ԴԼɹͻƣ÷ͽֱڻûгƺҲûʲôĪ̽һ£ȴ÷֮Уһƺ֮п¼ʲô
ҡҡͷĪҲûѡȥţ÷ڲʲôԼԺȵ÷ˣԼҲԿѯʡ
һʱ䣬ĪӻΪһ֮ʵܴ󣬵ҲҪһЩʱȥϤǸջõСͨҲҪĪӻʱȥУỹһЩ꾳ܹ
˵ԼõСͨĪ¶һĨϲɫԼõСͨڿܲǺǿǾԿǱޣĪڵΪ;磬ûа취Сͨȫӳ
ܻþǱСͨĪ֪벻첻İˮľ廪СͨǱ˵ĪӾӦÿ԰Сȥ
÷֮жԴգȵ֮÷ƿţ˳һĪӣ÷͵ݸĪ
֮УŵΪʦһһΪʦһľȥЩطķ飬жмأڶ֮мصΪʦһнӴ֮£Ȼɲ꣬ΪЩطΪʦҲ֪ϸЩܣҲΪʦһ֣˵Ժܹõõ򣬼صһЩΪʦѧ֮⣬еһЩΪʦĺѣһЩΪʦеĶ֣ݲֵ࣬Ҳ󣬵պЩӦõõ
ĪӿԼǰﲻ֪÷˼򣬿˵÷ԼеϣҲǽԼһݴУԼպһݵ̡
˫־֣صĴ÷нӹĪһַǳȵ˵ӣʦУ
Īӵӣ÷¶οЦݡ
ͻ꾳磬ΪʦûмʶСͨΪʦʶһΣ
޲ɣӵСͨЩرʦβһҲʦԵӵָ㡣Īԣ÷΢Ц˵
ԴӰʦ÷֮Ȼ÷ʱָĪʦͽ˻ûдһΣΣպܿҲûлˡ
ĪΪոմﵽ꾳ڣ÷ΪΪĪҲ࣬ǡúʡ
ã˵ʦͽˣûдһΣվΪʦʶһСͨĪô˵÷ҲȤҪĪӾȻ˵ǾʹԼСͨģ÷Ҳ֪ĪӵСͨ
˺ɽһƬտ֮ĪӶ÷һȻ󿪿˵ʦӵˣ
һ䣬ĪӾȶˡ
Īǰ˲۳һḷ̌÷ȥȻƶͬʱӰʧڴ֮УѾľ
÷ɵĽĪӷǸľ̵£ʧĪӣ̷ųԼʶΧϵѰĪӵټ
ʶɨһȦ÷ȻûзĪӵټвһ˿ȡ
СӣһľȻ˵زʶ޷Ϣ˿©÷뵽
ľĪĵһ÷Ҳ֪ĪӶԼĵһע˺ܴѪԼӶȷϵܸߣû뵽Ѿ̶ȣ˼ȥԼ˵ܰƳ³£ݵĲΡ
Ÿս֣ĪӾ͸Լôľϲ÷Ѿʮֵľ׼ԼӣܸԼľϲ
ţ÷͸оԼһ㶯ûüӦͼٵĲԼ˫ȡ
÷תκεĶͷ·ǱߴߣͻȻ̱֮ȥ
ǻû÷κηӦǰ֮ٵľǽͬʱͷϣľһ㣬վķΧк¡
÷Ųæһ˦һ֮зɳͷµһľ˲ɨһգпһ׷Χ֮ڵĲľһ̷·𶼻˹һ㣬ȫһλȥ
˵龰ĪӾ֪Լ¶ˣȻԼľѾ¯࣬Լʩչ֮ʱڵûа취ȫϢ䣬ڱֻ֣Ԥ֮аˡ
÷˦ǵ£صбɴȣȻôڵһ㣬ĲľĪӶȥ
ĪһģԼīҲУͬҲڵһ㣬ЩѾ˵ԼǰĲľһ类ʩ˶ȫ޷ǰ벽
ͽīȼҲȻˣͲҪΪʦ˷ʱˣΪʦСͨɣ÷ģһҵľ硣
Сͨľڼף
Īӿٵһܣ뿪Լԭλãſ÷ѾԼСͨһϽսֻҪͲκεĻᣬº˵˵ҲԼġ
÷ѾԼСͨĪȻܲҴˣһҲ̷ԼСͨ
Сͨˮľ廪
ͨһ˲䣬ĪվĵطΪģԲϰ׵ķΧ֮ڣͻȻ֮䣬һӰԼ֮һأˮ֮вܱĲľһˮӦγһľۡ
÷üͷ΢΢һ壬ĪСͨĵһӡǻǺַܿ˲ԾĵطӰص֮ˮͲľƺرĸߡ
ˮľ廪ʦָ㣡Īӵڴʱ÷֣ĪӾȻʧˣһΣϢȴûأֻõľ֮УϢ
ͽͨǻƺЩ̫ˣ֮ʤڹĪ⣬ʤڲ֪֮䣬֮Լ棬黯ʵʲô÷ڣֻһλشģֱĪӵĹ
õľڣ֮һŵĳˮȻ֮䱬ϸܵ꣬÷ȥ
ʱľڼ״̬÷ǵҲη壬޴ȭͷ任һ£̾һ޴ľܣԼǰ׼ӲĪһ
ͶƽӴһ˲䣬÷̾ͺˣеĶĹ֮У֮ͱƣһ䵽Լϣ޴ľ˺ܴ˺ûȫľڼס
ͨԲǼ򵥻֮÷ѾףĪͨĲ򵥡


ʮ 
ʶĪӵһι÷ѾףĪӵСͨȷǷͬСɣԼСͨľڼײûзסĪӸղŷ
Ӳһ֮÷ȥһֱ˳ùӰķΧǰöľۣСĵĽ䱸
ȻΪĪӵôǿСͨеϲԼϾʦĪο֮࣬ҲЩҲסԻСӦԡ
֪ĪӵСͨЩ÷ԼСͨҲǷǳģľڼСͨôΰɹΣѣնʤӳ죬÷ǿֶ֮һ
˵ùӰ֮⣬÷˫ŵһţƬõĹӰ֮Уһŵľεضõ԰־֮УԵøͻأǳƻС
һŵľ֮󣬲ƻԭУҰľҡΣһƬƬҶƮɢڷУƬۣƺҪƬõơ
ڰĪѾ÷Ĵ㣬̽ԼСͨĵϸ÷Ҳ֪ⲢǵĻԳķ룬ĪӵСͨʲôȻû塣
ĪһҶͻȻ֮·ε̣ЩҶȻҲЩһŵľҲһӰƺ˾֮еһԱͻأĸоʧɫƺøˡ
÷΢΢һ񣬽ͿĪӵӰͻȻƬõľ֮У˫žˮһξ룬˾ȻƾƮŵġ
⣿÷һĨ֮ɫܹƾշУĪӣͻƵ֮ҪһҲǷǳѵġ
ʦСˣ³ֵĪӣվԼСͨΧ֮÷΢΢һЦ˵
һӣ÷̾ӴȻͿ˶Īӣ˫ֿʼӡǰ۳ʮḷ̌һԼ
ŸղӲһιľ÷һûѡӲǹϽܣǵոһͿһ׳ˮһһ㣬ѾݺݵԼ˦
ž
һײһ÷ûΪĽ£һαסˡ
һ죬÷ľʵӣһˮ޴ˣһ֮ǿɼһߡ
ȴֻһʼѣĪʱͷ·𷢶ȫҪʱһ㣬ַȫǳǿ÷ľڼͨڳ׵֧ŲסˣĪӵһը֮£ˣ
ͽСͨк֮ڿԸΪʦ˵˵˰ɣһκĪӵд裬Լ϶ʧˣ÷ҲЩҲסʵڷǳ棬ĪӵСͨô£
Ī߹ӰõľʧȻߵ÷ǰ΢Цſ˵
ӵСͨˮľ廪ӵһĹЧȴˣǿ֮ƿأͨչڹӰ֮ʩչľлˮеᱻļǿ
²ֹ˰ɣ÷ҲЦ˵һ䡣
ʦ棬СͨȷֹˣڵΪǳܹӳޡӸղѾ˵ˣͨǿ֮ƿأڹӰ֮ڣǵƿصķΧĪӵ˵ͷҲûж÷
ƿأ÷һ֣ĪҪ˵˼ЩŵĿڵ
νƿأǷİƿأ
Īص˵ͷһȷĴ𰸡
Īӵͷ÷ȴǹЦһãСͨΪʦܵĲԩ
򣬿ڤ֮Уÿһ飬뾡취Լһͽĵط൱֮УжԼľƿأܷӳս֮
Щرǿ飬ڲ걸һСһ㣬֮ڣǾСˣ֪жôǿ
ĪӵСܹͨﵽƵĹЧô´ﲻ̶ֳȣҲѾ㹻ǿˣһշԲСصǱԶԶԼľڼס
ϧСͨĲС͸ղʹõʱ䣬ɵҪͨӳ»ǵõȵԺΪ˲УĪӸһԼģһʹԼСͨЧʵһĹӰԻ֮ЧԼУоΧգʩչøǿˣ÷ľڼ׶ǿеĴơ
ʦͽ˻ص÷֮Уεд֮÷ÿϵΣ׵ֹͣˣΪûʲôԽĪӵˡ
ʱһתֵۣһ֮һգһţǸ÷ģ÷ϵ֮ϵıЩȻʧתͷĪ˵
ΪʦҪˣպ÷ۣ㽻ˣ
ĪȻһĵ׼ǵһļȻһ˿ᡣ
жãĪĬ˰죬ſ˵
֮󣬾з֮񣬵ʱл뷷ˣһλǱҲһμ룡÷һ˵ţһ߽ϵŽĪӣҲʲôҪܵ顣
ĪֽӹţһϵݣȻ˵ͷ֪˵Щʲôˡ
µʱ÷ɿ죬ĪԴ֮󣬾ùİ¡
µʱ֮У÷ﶼûȥÿʹ÷֮Уһ裬ɽĳʱеСһͺһͨķ̣Ϩ˯Ī̽÷Ȼ˯
׼һ죬һɽɽ£õ˾Ѿۼʼɽ²øֶ
Ӱԭ˼Ѿ뿪ˣεѾ÷Уں÷졣
λεһȽʿհףΪֹ񣬱ΪҲ
һֱ÷֮Уȵ˿쵽֮ʱͻȻ֮÷Īͬʱ΢Цʱ䲻磬ȥ濴׼ôˣǣ
˵֮հ׾תȥˣ˼ǳԣ÷ǳίķʽ÷ĪӣʱѾˡ
ȵհ߳ȥ֮÷վߵĪӵߣ񵱳Īӵͷ
ʱˣһΪʦĸˣʦͽ֮գϣΪʦټʱΪܱڸߣ
˵֮÷΢΢ЦЦȻת߽Լķ䣬Ҳûйرշţ;ֱߵԼĴϣ
Īӿ÷һ˸֮䣬ðձһȡȻ֮÷֮÷۵ϿգΪһ˸ŽӰüһӡǣ÷
ӣʦһ̣Ī˫ϥ򵽣֮ǸӰصһߵף΢һЩʵ˵


ʮ 
ڵϵĪӣ֮е÷¶һĨο΢Цɽ¶ȥ
ԶԶģĪɽ´žհ׵ڴŻʳ뷷⹫ġ
ȵ£ӰصϿգһӰ߸ߵӰصİգ׷׵Ķݣף÷λ
ͬʱݵһЩطҲͬƵһĻмλ÷һ˹͵飬ڽ뷷⡣
֮ʱ䲢Ҳֻʮӣȵʮ֮֮У÷ӰʧˣѾǰڤ
µ鵮֮ȫǰڤȻҪһʱ䣬һӦ̵̣ʱ䲢֮ͿԳڤ˼䡣
ʱǶãǾҪ˶ˣһ㶼Ҫʱ䡣
ɽµʧĪתͷ÷ķ䣬ŷ֮÷ʬ̧˽ȥ
÷ʬԣĪӻ֣һ´÷壬÷һ˲䣬÷Ȼ仯˷ɻңֻһƮ䡣
һĻĪûκεľȣ֮С
÷µǼĪгһϻӣ÷Žȥԭ֮еĴѾ÷ǰһͬˣʬҲ˷ɻңֻ·һ¹ڣ
Īӽ÷պã׼ɽϣĵصѾѡˣɽĺɽصĶҲѾ׼á
ĪӴװ÷ϻɽĺɽǴѾѡõĵط÷˽ȥ
ΪֻĪһˣ÷Ƿ񣬶ᣬĪһдӼֻǼ򵥵Ľ¹ڣȻϹһоͽˡ
ɽһɨԭɽµǣҲѾ뿪ˣصյ÷УĪ֪ڽһʱ֮УطֻԼˡ
ڶһ磬ĪûнΣֱȥӰسǣȥС
÷֮һ죬չأ÷ѾʱˣΪ÷ĵӣû˱ʸһ㡣
ĪӽõʱհײŸոãĪ֮Ц˵һ䣺Īӵ磡
ʦΪӣӦһЩĪӶհĵͷ
һҹʱ䣬ĪΪıѾ˲٣÷ȥպټ֮ԼʵҲûбҪ̫ˡ
ȻˣǱپͺ͵ͬȥհԣҲЦЦͬʱǰ䲢Īӵһ˿øС
ջʳǣÿһ鶼еĴÿƷײܹͬĹģȷʵϸ޶ܹӵ༸ҲƣҲһ̶Ϸӳĵȼɭϡ
÷뷷ΪƷ飬ȻҲ󣬵Ҳܹͬʱ˽вΰݣЩƷСţģСοǰִµ
Ӱµ֮ѵóһ飬÷ӰҲвСһ磬Ҳвٵ˾ۼ֮⣬ȴ
ĪӺհ׵ʱΧſڵЩ˶Ծĸÿ˵·
Īӵ룡հĿ⻷һȦΧȻĪһƣʾĪȽȥ
лˣĪӶհ׵ͷȻǰȥƹſڵ¯˵Ŀע֮£ƿĴš
߽ģڹƶȣϸӦйģ
Ϸһ˴磬һִȣһֻһСӡԼϿԿ÷Ӱӡ
ʦˣĻĪִ㰸ȡ㣬΢΢һϵľ̵ȼļӦã㲻ϡ
һ񣬽е¯Ȼ÷Ī¶һ˿΢Ц
ĪӴ֮߳հֽ֮һ㣬֮ΧΧŷ׷ڳȥΪĪӺհ׶ֳһҲֵñȽϿƣûκιľٶ
ĪӵǲŻȥĻͱȥһΣհ׿һ۱ſƵȺԵĪ
ոӰزãӰԭλҲŵģֻ֮ǰ÷Ѿ׼񣬶Ϊ÷ӵĪӣҲһֱ÷ߣӰ֮ҲûüĪӺ÷
Ӱأ÷뿪ֻ֮ʣĪһ٣ΪԼպӰظõʩհ׾ԼбҪĪӴùϵ
ĪͬҲףհ׺˼ͬպӰ𣬶˼ֺܿ뿪ģպԼΪӰصĵ٣ٲҪͶԷ򽻵ҲӦϤһ¡
ãڸʦһЩһˣĪӵͷհһöȥ
֮УĪհһЩ÷ˣ鲢ΪҪհϤһҵĽڣ׼ô
ȻƣǶһ˵ûдﵽƣɻʳһ֮⣬ͽ齨˰˵ĻὨ
ͬӰϪˮͰ񲮣λǰ飬Ƕû
հ׸ĪϸĽⷽ⣬ͬʱرһЩעֻĵ˸ϣһӾʹˣܿҲͱϤ˲٣ɫʱհ԰Īͳá
Īӵ̸պҹ£ϣܹġհ׿ĪЦ˵ΪֹǱ񣬲Īӵ飬ȴȫò
ĪӵĽ̸հ׷λͲĪӵȻһ׵ѧʶóѧҶ£ҲԼĶ⣬̸һ죬Լôջ
˿ˣӰصĵ٣ӰرӵܣְΧ֮ڵ£ȻԴĪ΢ЦŻ˵һĽ̸ĪӶλεҲ˸ӡ
ѧʶףͬҲŲСıԷӰԺ˵ܹһЩɼӰرøӸ㡣
ûĵڶգĪӾͿʼ׼÷ΪƷ飬÷ȥس֮еһ֮⣬
ĪӾͽ佨ӰصĸѡõַҺ˹ʼ
ĪԼɽɽ£ָ÷һã˵ãʵҲֻ࣬зϲһ
հѯ֮õһء
Ȼ齨ϸƣǺΪ廳ȱһãȴУ⿪ţĳ̶ֳ˵͵ڶһΪһĬϵܣû㣬ĪҲ벻Ȼ


ʮ 
죬һ㣬ϿЩ꣬滹дҪжһȻͷһͷڶһȺƷĿţôֽŶһЩ
ЩƷĿͷĻһȻ̣ϵĶȴȷֿһ֡
ж຦ͷǰÿһЩǮ׬ҲͶһЩ⴦ͷΪĲǶ׬Ǯ
æһ糿еĿ۵ĺ䤱ͷϵĹͷҲɤЩˣԷʱ䣬һ߳ԱģҲѵõǲ
ϵĴֻԽԽˣϡҲˣǰҰ˵ĻУȻһӾ˹ʱҪСֱˣĲŷ¡һ๤һ߳еķˣһ߶Աߵ˵
Ҳ˵ˣǸ߼ǰμ٣󱲶͵ҲһĹƷŮõʲô˵Ҳܹء๤ĻһڳԷˣһ߽ʳһЩ˵
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Īתͷһ۴ӷ羰⴦ͷһ֮ǰȫ⾰Ե÷֡
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Īԭǰ䣬ոҪܾģհԼ㿴һϵɫͷ
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Īſڵʱ򣬷ôãΧĶҲûбƻͷ΢һ㡣
ղ뵽˿壬ĪӾͷǳĶԷƻ÷ãڿԼĵûзĪӾͷ˽Ųȥ
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龰̾ˣƬʲôվڱ˵ֶ֮ڣһҪԴ¶
ĽŲŸո̧𣬾͸оԼϵһأһѹٵϣԼתһ˼֡
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ȼŵĳʱȴû̫ãûֽܹϵݻ١
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ţʮľ̴˷ɳ߾ȫĶܣҲмľ̴ϵĳ𣬴뵽塣

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лǰһָ㣬ڿȴӮˣĪϴ΢Це˵
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ⶼѯʽ֮ĪаһŻɫ飬Ժ֮лŸղŴõϢ
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壬ҲʲôҪĽɫʦԻʵڼǰʹڳԭǵʦһ֮ˣʧȥ˿ɽ
ͨ壬ĪҲ˽⵽һЩСŵЩСŵӵʵĪ֮ôáʳ֮ڵԴ󲿷ֶʳʹŰѳţСܹõԴΪޣ޵ԴҪӦڶˣһԴ͸ˣԣܶСŵĵӣʵҲͬýͰ͵ġ
ڴ˷ҲǵشﲩֻҪԸѰһԵܻջģɢ޳÷ҲǻһЩö
ʦԻԭһɽʧ֮ȥȽԶһطε٣Ȼݾڣһ֮ǰԻ÷ΪƷ飬Щһسӵ뷨ʱǶ˳ڣȴͻȻϵݾڣѰһ۵ɽΪµɽš
ڵõϢ֮˼ͱû÷ԵĿܾһĻᡣ
÷ȻΪƷ飬Ʒ֮Ҳ൱񾳽ѣȻСţ񾳽߻λģΪǴﵽ˴磬ռɽ÷ƾԼ÷ĻʳͥҲڽ֮֮ͥ˻ʻδλҲ֦÷ͷ
֮飬޷Ǿɽ֮󣬷ɽȻһ֮أֵ֪ɽֻ÷һڣȻ˽ϵ飬Ī﷭˴ǸʦԻǱȽϺˣЩ鵢ûӰأӹһ١


ʮ ӻ
ڡ̫ڡüɽţйۡҪ˻治٣Щ˱ضӰأЩͷ۰Լķ֮УĪаһųɫ飬ĬĬ뵽ǰϣڷһԼٵĶ
ĪӽƵЩϣһЩҵ˼ʱ֮Ժ
ЩǴѳģ˵ǶԷȫˣڶĪӵǰЩɢɢĲϺ͹ǷĪӾʹĴѳ߰˼Ȼʲô̫õĶһЩƷķƵַȽϴֲڣԿɢ޳Ʒʤٰ
֮⣬иַǮԼһЩҩ֮еĶһ𣬼ֵҲǲˡ
÷֮ǰԼĴҲ˳ˣȻ˺ܶණĪӣǺǰѶȣĪȫȫǸ⵰
ʿǻòôСţҲҪɢǿĶˣĪӽϵĶűȻװԼĴ֮УЩԼսƷȻ䵽ԼÿԼĴʵһ¡
ЩʰĪߵһ䷿֮Уһ۷лԹȥ壬üͷ΢΢
ӶԷԼ֪˲ٵϢҶԷȫԼδ壬ĪȷʵЩˡ
ǿ϶еģѾôˣԷˣݻɽ¶ԷԼĶ֣պĳؼʱ̣ͻȻһԼҲǻԼеӦġ
ɱ壬ĪȴҲЩԥģҪ˼ǶԷŵӵݣԷʦ񾳽ĸ֣ԳڤԼ𣬷ǻ鷳ġ
ɫ΢΢һ£ĪӺȻתȥȵĪӿߵſڵʱڻ״̬壬ƽһЩ
ҲʱĪͻȻ͵һͷһ֮䣬ʩչԼСͨḷ̴̴̌塣
ԭڻ֮е壬һȻ˫ۣ¶֮ɫ󺰵ң
ϧʱŽվЩˣһľ̴üĴ̳׵Ľ
Īǰһһְͷ˳ͬʱһֻһӡһ
ӻ
Īץסֻ˲䱻һ֣ץ֮꣬Ҳͬʱһ
֮սֻնɱ˶Է֮࣬ǳ׵նɱ˶֡ںܶʱ򣬱˴˽ֵˣ֮ìܿܲûҪһôأӻӦ˶
ӻϴˢǰļ䣬¶ԷȥڤȴתǸԷһ
ܹ֮㣬ʹƵȴôߣȫûдﵽߵԤڡԭܼ򵥣ѶЩȻһеѶȴϰһŵ࣬ôļߣȻúܶ˷
Ī첻İļǿˣֻҪͷеܹѧѾѧˡ
İ֮Уܿͷ˱仯һЩЩ͸Īջ֮ȻƯһ
ĪȡԼĵӡڵעУڤ
ӡɢһ⣬̼ʧˡ
͹ڤҲˣǷԵͶ̥תͿԼ컯ˣĪһ䣬ȻĿ⿴򷿼֮ʬ壬ʬ棬Щȡһţ֮ʬٻ٣Ȼֽһкۼڵ׵Ļʬ𼣡
һ֮ĪӻصԼķ䣬һֱ˵ڶϣĪճΣʵ¡
ѡɱ壬¿ܻһЩ鷳ĪվҲˡ
ˣνӴĪӵӡǳԷֶλļƶһʱ⣬䵽ѣպǺ
Էһɽ֮ʱҲһ֣ܹԸ񣬲˵رҲһ׳Կˣɴ󻼣ʲôֻܱˣ
ĪΣͷ֮һҴȴһͿ˰ŮһŹʣȲվͷϵЩ๤һԱȣǵΪ͹ԡ
ʦ֣ӰذȷǸµСطǱȫܱȰһȺŮ´̲ס´һ毺õŮԵһ˵
ݵؽ磬Ÿո޸ȻǱ޷ȣٹ꣬ضõģλʦֵӵͷЦһ£ΧĿ๤ͷ΢Ц˵
˵仰֮תͷȥԱ߲ԶһŮ˵ܵѣȻѾӰأǲԷͷжɣʦǹĿҲǴǰվ̽ԷͷжЧҲһЩ
ӴкŮԣתͷ¶һžµգӨҶüһ˫ĵУȴ͸¶Ŀ⡣
ŵȥҺʦҲ׼ȥ̽һŮӵ𣬾Ҳ͸¶һĸо
ˣǸˣʦֵӵͷԼˣһȥ
뿪ͷղŶ˵ǸŮͷһͷķſ˵ʦ֣Ǹüɽڵ³ôƯ˿װͰ͵ģҲǰģ̫ˣԼ߱Ƚ
λʦԣԼʦЦ˵Ҳû뵽ξȻüɽڵ£ΪѾҪ񾳽ˣüɽںӣǰ˵һİֻһЩȻ棬߰ɣҪˣǻϿŽ̫ڵĺá
ԵŮͷ¶Цݣʦ֣ȥأ
ȥĵطȻп֮ȥӰصǸɽȣ
ͷ̫֮ڵļˣһм˶´˸кҲͷ뿪ˡ
ŮĸͬţҲǳȤҾȻײһˡ
ʦ㣬Ƕˣǽô죿ŵ˶뿪ˣߵˣʱ㿪ʵ
Ϲأȥұصĵ٣µĿڣ䡣
ȵüɽڵ⼸뿪ͷʱӰصУհ׾Ѿ֪ͷϵϢ
û뵽ЩСŵô죬طǻڱصã֮ܲǰ˵飬ȥһ£ʱ࿴һЩЩСŵĵӸӰҰ͸Ǹѵ
ǣүǱߣҪ⾯һ𣿡ܲ˵
ţȾһǰɣϵĸ֣ʱݡհ΢˼һ£Ȼͷ˵


ʮ 
ʦ㣬Ӧþǰɽˣɽ÷Īӣ˵ӰΨһĵ١ɽԶ֮µüɽڵУһָǰɽ˵
ݾµͷӰ֮ǰһЩµѾ˽⣬Ӱֵע˺£˵ȻأҲ֪һˡ
߰ɣȥݷһҪʧʦýһ䣬±̧Ǹȥ
ޣУ컯βãĪΪﵽ꾳磬ĪӶЩ΢Դĵܹһ˿ÿν֮ĪӶᾡܵĳʱ̽еʱԽĪӾԽԼƺջ
֮һ֣ܴ̫֮׵ġ׵ᵽһ˿ܹĪߺܶ·
Ȼ֮䣬Īֹͣüͷ΢΢һ£˵꾳ʿô𣡡
ĪӵѾ֪ɽɽ£꾳ʿڿϢĪΪ£ֻ꾳ڣһΪҪ߳ܶ࣬Ѿﵽ꾳ڡ
ڴʱĪͻȻһɽ´
üɽ£ЯλʦǰݷãĪӵһ
üɽڵˣĪվ÷ȥͬʱڵ˵
ţԵɨӭ뼸λɽһ
û취˼ҶѾɽˣԾǳԼģǶ㲻˵ģ󷽷ļһ֮Сŵӣô
ɽµɽϴһ֮±̧ɽȥ
ûмɽ²Զ÷ã½Ų΢΢һ٣Ȼ߽֮УѸٵһ㣬żɽȥ
һΪɽĪӵ۲쵽ˣԷ÷һ㣬вһ˿⡣
鷳ģƾ㣬컹ĲʧĪת߽֮УѸٵˮ裬ȻԼĴ֮óһУ汣÷óöʢ֮С
Щ÷ǽʣµģԴӱ֮ͨ󣬴طĺöȵ÷ʱ򣬾Ȼû̫˹ȡĪӳ˸һЩԼļˣ͸հһЩʣµĶԼˡ
÷Ī˵ҲֻһЩڸ֮ˣд˵ǲġ
üɽڵ÷ſڵʱĪӵһ۾Ϳǰ£ҲһĨ֮ɫ
Ȼ֮УѾ˶Էòۿ󣬸ܹᵽԷǹʡ
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ȻССһ£ĪȴҲûʧ˼ҵ΢Цſڵ͵ţСطûʲôдģԱһڣ
ĪӵˣʦóȻŰݷãǴ˵ޣ֣ʱ˵ȴ£λʦãλͷߵ£Īӵ飬ԵúЩ޶ԡ
Ŀⲻɨһ£ĪӶһƣȻת߽÷ڡ
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ȵ÷£ĪӼЦ˵ªһҲֻԺ÷ζ㲻λǲԳһ
Īӵº飬µ䣬Ҳǵͷڵͷдˡ
ĪҲ³λŮӦֲ̫ں˽ʣԸ䣬ϲˣӦõȷ鷳ġ
˴˼֮󣬻ͽת⣬ĪںһеĲ֮󣬽豭ŵϣʱڵλüɽڵĵԶ֪Ϊ£
ת⣬̧ͷڵӰصĵ٣ʵȷ̡
Ŷܵѵ˵޷ĪԷĻѾ֪ԷĿʲôˣֻû뵽ԷȻԼ
ϣܹһ£Ӱе֮ûκιĨǣֱӾͰԼĿ˵˳
ĪԷĻĿ⿴ǰˣȻþû˵ָֻߵ棬˼ڷٵתš
ôƬ֮Īڿڣ³ȴ֡
¿ĪӣҲһ˿죬ԴӽݣĪӲһĵ٣ĪӵַӦȴһμ
˵Լ֪ҲһڴӦֳκ֮ɫǾôĿҪô
ԣҪʲôµͷЩЩװˣֱ˵ķʽȻ˼ṩҴ𰸣Ҹôֹϵ򵥵Ҫ˵̫ķϻٺòˡ
ʮöǮĪֱӿԼļ룬̽Ӱе㼯֮أĹʵѣֻ΢鷳һ㣬ο̫ˣԷҲӦʮöǮļ۸Ȼе˵ǰܹܡ
ãϢֵۣµ˵ͷһ˫ĿĪ˵
ĪЦЦȫһгģΪӰΨһĵ٣Ӱ֮أûм˱
ڵõʮöǮĺôԺĪӾͿʼǳϸĽӰطΧڣֵ֮ء
ĪӽķǳϸÿһɽɽߣɽϻΣЩֲΧʲôطЩһԽʱͱȽϳ
֮ˣĪҲǹΪ֮Ҫǰ˾ãǻʮöǮ򵽵ϢҪֵֵ
Ҫ˵һطȻӰصǴɽȣҲӰУŨһطҲҪϸϸ׸ˣλ֮ǰӦѾϸ˽⣬ϣӰؾڣ֮ϢˡĪ˵꣬ϵĲ豭һڡ
ѿ»˵һ¿ĪӣͻȻ俪˵
ȷһǽµɽλҲĪԣŲæķеĲ豭̧ͷ£˿á
Ŀ룬ĪӺͬʱջĿ⣬Ȼʹ˽
лѿʦѾڵõõĴ𰸣ͲˣǣվʦöĪӵͷ˵Ȼת뿪÷ۡ
ȵ뿪÷֮Īӿ뿪ıӰ˿ɽͻȻ֮һ
պѧһջĲ֮ɽø󷨰ɣҲöЩŵһȨƬطϱ˼ҵš
ԻҪĲϲ࣬Ҵ඼ǳĲϣĪͷϾһ֣ϴ崢нɻĶĲѾȫˣʱͿԿʼá


ʮ 
ĪΪղŷÿ͵ԵʣҪɽ󷨵ͷոɽüɽڵˣȴĪӱˡ
ʦ㣬λӰصĵĪӵǸ򵥵ˣǴ̽Ϣʦֻһɢޣ񱻻ʳ񣬳ɾƷ֮λԭȵΪֻ꾳磬λĪӵΪѾﵽ꾳磬ʣ֮Ҳеġߵʦãһ˵
䣬ԴǣЩȴϲ˽ԸһͬʦãǱȽ϶ʣܹ鷳ˡ
ֻԸ䣬ֲɵԳЩʱգһͬʦãʵǵĴڲ̫Ҫ
ЩʱҲʵıһԼļֵ
Ļ΢΢ĵͷŲû˿ͣ٣һһ˵ȥղ˵ЩطṩϢû⣬ǺܿͿ뿪Ӱˣ
ƺûʲôȤʦҲͱտڲԣϿȥ
Ī߾󷨣ͷϵĲҲ㹻ȻҲ̿ʼˡ
ԼôɽĪȻòˣ󷨵ĸӦðʲôλãĪӺܿȻأȻֿʼˡ
ĪôŲ󷨣Ҫǽǰ󼸾仰Ī֪ǵĿ𴦣վע⵽ɽ˭ǳǸɽ֮⣬Ӱ֮УΪԣһɽ塣
֮üɽ֮Īôɴľ͸Ӱظ֮صΪЩزס֮⣬ĪҲǵߣܵתƵЩطǵĿⲻҪɽµһ仰ѾĪ֪ɽ⴦֮أѾǵ֮С
󷨵ĲãĪ֮еĻҪһЩһ򵥵Ի󷨣Īһʱ䣬Ȼûгɹ
ֱɫҹĻ֮ʱĪȻɽæµš
еһõλһεһ£ĪӿΧغһ
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ĪڵעУɽϣĳһʵЩĪϲû¶˿ϲ֮ɫΪ֮ǰʮʧܾѾǳһЩӦͳɹˡ
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ģԽԽŨȫȫɽɽƺ΢һ£ɽһȻ֮ƺȫɽˡ
ˣĪ¶Цݣһʱ䣬ԻջǱԼóɹˡ
ʱĪѾԸоɽΧѾһԼܹʱķǲóɹ󷨡
Ϊһ򵥵󷨣ԻķЧǿҪԻڣΪһɽ˵ЧǲϸģĿǰĪ˵ܱʲôûǿ
ֲѧϰ󷨵ô٣Ѷ֮⣬󷨵ģĲͨɢܹģԼһĳɹĪڸеϲ֮࣬Ҳеᵽɢ֮У󷨵Ϊʲôôˡ
ԼһԻ󷨣ôĲϣ˼ǵõһЩսƷĪӻû취á
ҹɫŨɽΧһ㵭ִɽ֮ˣûȫתʱҲƽʱ״̬ԻҲӵʾתĵɽܹ㡣
һ󷨵ıĪʱ򣬸оİģԴ÷뿪֮ĪӾûйָо
ڶϣ̫ӰرصֿʼԼһסɽͻȻֽ֮ɽȻһ֮УԶԶȥɾһ㡣
ҿʼʱЩϡ棬û̫⣬ɽֻһͨѣûʲôϡġ
ֻǵʱɽȻûɢȥŨɽ֣ĺ档
ڴ֮࣬ͻ̸£ɽ÷ۣӰرػǺģܿʹˡ
֮еհŴ£ǰĪӽĵǱ飬Ŀⲻ΢΢Щ졣
û뵽Ī־Ȼ֮д츳˽̵£ƾһμص֪ʶͳɹóԻЩϣհҲĹĪӿǱ飬֪̾ɽôˣĪ֮츳ȴоЩˡ
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ЩһˣĪֽܹ֮ɽЩСŻ治Ⱦָհ΢΢ҡͷЦЦͬʱ㣬Լﻹм󷨷飬ǲǿʲôʱҸᣬĪӿһ
հ֪ɽ󷨣ЩӰصŵӣҲע⵽˴£رüɽڵˣۿɽı仯֮жǳľȡ
ǷǳȷԼɽʱɽûлɽ󷨣ô̵ʱ֮УɽϾȻһ󷨣ζ󷨣Լɽ֮󣬲Ÿողóġ
ʦ㣬ǸĪӵҪҪȥһߵʦÿʵ
ˣǽ뿪ӰأҡҡͷҲԼʦãתͷȥ
ߵĸɴ࣬Ӱصŵӣȴôˣ̽Ӱصĸ֮֮ЩŵӾҪݷһ±صĵͷߣһطӰصãڶطɽ÷ۡ
̫ЯʦʦǰݷӰصĪӵ٣һ
йڣЯʦǰݷӰصĪӵ٣һ
ϣڰҹЯʦʦǰݷӰصĪӵ٣һ
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͵ţλɽһ𣡡Īת˵ͬʱΧɽЩһ΢΢仯֮óһɽĴ
ۼ·ѾŵĵҲûгɣһ̤ͬǰ·
ЩɽŵӣĪϵı÷ǳƽЩ˶ҲãҲýᣬúúЩŵӽӴһ£Ҫģеһ


ʮһ Ȩ
÷۵Ժ֮УɽݷõŵӺĪӶڴˣΪ΢һ㣬֮бȽСҶĻԵ̫ӵˣԺУҲһЩ
Īӿǰŵӣ֮ǰ£Ѿ壬ĪҲǼŵĵˣǰº岻ˣǰŵĵӴɽʼĪӾͷҵҲǲ
ֹ񣬴￪ʼ϶Цݣ˿ûŵɢ޵ĸ
ҵӰأԭŰݷõģֻʦϵڣðǰĪӵҪ֣̫ڵȿ˵ΪĪӱʾ㹻𾴡
λѽɽʵúԣǰüɽڵλѣּλҲʵ£֪λӰص°ˣʲôҪ֮ĪӿǰˣЦſ˵
˵ЩŵӣֻôһᣬĪ֪ǣ⼸λôŵ̽Ӱ֮֮һһѡӰذ仧
Ѻ⣬ˣҵֻǰ䣬̽һ¶ѣݷĪӵͷй۵Ҳ˵
Ŷǲ֪λ̽ˣ仧Ӱص뷨λѵպǨӰأǾھˣҲǰϵĪӼ΢ЦſڣͬʱĿעǰ˵ı顣
ҵֻǸǰ䣬ЩȻųֻǰ̽鵽ϢȥˣǽԵܺ͵ھӣʱһŵϣڵİҹҲ˵һ˵ĺĪҲ̽ʲô
ǰĪӵ÷۾ɫģɽΧɽҲǳԵְ֮ɣ̫ڵʵ
ˣĪаһȴ¶΢ЦЦǺǵ˵
øλѼЦˣǳѧէõһԻ󷨣ԸλѵļʶʵǲֵһᣬҪɽ÷Ǽʦ÷µһݻҵʦȥӵģȻϣʦص˼䣬ܿµƬҵøˣ˼ҲοһЩ
Īһʵ޵ʾԼɽȨͬʱҲᵽԼʦ÷ڼ롣
ŵͷ˻һۣԼĪӻ˼Щר˵Լġ
ĪӵһƬТģطᰲ֮һҲ˵ġЦŸһ䣬ԱҲͬЦǺǵĸţȻжЩãȴǳĪӵ˼ĪڵķӦʵѾ׼
ŵפشһطᵽһطҲƬأûʲô̫õóֵıţҪһĵطһԣⲻҪͱصͻ
ȵһֱȽţǨվȽŸ֮󣬺ЩҪǨݣЩСҲǻ᲻Ըġ
˵ķӦĪ΢΢һһ󷨣õĺôԼ֮еĻҪٶһЩŵӣǳԼɽ˵ݵġ
Ļ⣬ı˴ģϵĪӽһЩӰصķ飬λŵ˵һЩ̸֮һ֮󣬼˾ˡ
ɳµӣһĶ˾˵µˮ©ɽ⣬ӦҲٴ˰ɣĿ⼸뿪ɽĪ뵽
ղŵһ̸֮У⼸ŵȷɽ󷨣ȷǳĪ֣֮ʱɫ֮һ΢΢ı仯
һƷʦԼȻ󷨣ССΪЩڼλŵӵУѾǰɽ
ɽȻǱӰصǸɽȣﻹҪһ㣬Ϊһɽ壬ȥĪЩֵá
ĪӲ֪ǣʿ֮䣬ʵҲЩɻ֮һɽһأȷ֮Ǿ˼Ҳػ
ɽѾػɽ֮أͨǽӴ֮󣬷ĪȻɢޣҲЩ޿޸Ƽڶɽԭûжٵ˼ڲǳûˡ
Щŵɽ֮󲻾ãĪҲѡ뿪ɽ׼ؼȥһʱûлؼȥĸˣмĵܵãҲ֪СһǲǻôƤ
һ·ߵɽ£Īӻͷһӣɽ̱һڵʵʵġ
󷨵ػԺҲõ֮ʱ÷۵İȫˡ
Īһ·صºӹ壬һʱ䣬ºӹҲһЩ仯ķݱһЩͨڵС·һЩׯڵĳƱøһЩ֮㻹ִᷢϵЦҲһЩ
ԼҵԺǰĪӴ˽ȥһ۾ͿԺ֮·ĸףĪǹһ˿ЦݣҡҡͷÿһλĸƺæµţĻԶɲꡣ
ϴһ£һ£ɨһɨԺӣȻֵ˸ʱ򣬺òϢһҲһЩ첹Ĺ
ʵĪӵļѾǱʲ¸ĸһʲôɣҲܹķǳãǽǮڸĸУȴѡȻˣÿ
տʼʱĪΪǸĸЩ᲻ãɴֱؼңɺģĪӷԼøĸЩڣȻøĸһ㣬ÿ¿ɸɣӷǹͦġ
һˣĪӿڽһȻȻߵĸ׵ߣԱϴõ·ĸһЩ·
Īӵĸ׿ſԼҴӻҲ¶ЦݣͬʱסĪӵ˵ڵæأ·£ԼͿˣǸʱȥԺˣɲõʧ
ûµģҲĪӽϵһ·ãͬʱЦ˵
⺢ӣ·ĻʲôĪӵĸװһۣȻҲûмֹĪӵĶ
ȵʱĪɽӵˣһͬĻĪࡢĪСһһţĪɽϾЩѿĪĪȫǵͷԴһСӡ
˿վԺеĪӣĪɽѿɫ˲٣СһʱǾϲĽһ硱ȻȾܵĪӵߡ
סԼֱ۵ĵܵãĪЦ˵ԴСһҲˣƤʱ򣬿ӣִʲô
ˣСһ˵˵ִʲôˣ
ĪӻһڣһԵĪɽһˡ
СӣԽԽˣ첻ûȥѧãŴܵȥˣ˼춼˵ˣҰ
ĪɽĲᣬվĪߵͷˣݺݵĵһۣСһﲱֱӶ㵽Ī


ʮ ֳ֮
Īɽ˵ľĪҲ֪ôˣСһֱӿΣһӿΣֱӱϻˣֲĪɽ
Īɽºӹ壬Уܹѧʶ֣һĺ£òԼŮгɲŵĻᣬû뵽Сô
ӶҲңһҪúʰһǡĪԽ˵ԽֱӴԺһ׼ʰһСһ
ĪӵĸһԿţЩҲЩСһʵ̫Ƥˣһ£ʱ򵱼ҵķˣΪӵҲ֪ôȰ
СһʱҲˣץסĪӵĸ첲Ҳ֪ʱֻĪӣһƤ֮ࡣ
磡ĪΪŮĽĮһ֮ǽ
ѾԼǰĪɽĪ֪ԼҪǲСһһ⣬СһԶˡ
СһҲĵȷЩȻֻ꣬ȷĿʼˡ
ˣСһȷЩˣҪúʰһ£ǴһҲ޼°ҪʶԼˣͽҰɣĪӶŭĪɽ˵ͬʱ֣ĽĪɽеùһ¡
ЩһֱʦÿλȥҴңСһҲǾ谮ʵ˵ֳģҲûоԼְֳξҰܽһһҪʶԼˡ
ĪɽһߣĪӵĻŭ΢һЩһվһԵĪĪЩ̫ŵĶĪ˵ɻأһ֪㣬͵
İɣһξԲˣҪһֱôƤȥպҲӰ죬һΣҾԻᾡֳ֮𡣡ĪĪɽĺ󱳣֤
Ǻðɣ㶮ñҶ࣬һҪúõĽ̽ӶСͶ£εһٹˣĪɽҲ˲٣ʵγԸ⶯ִԼأֻʵǱġ
һƤ֮࣬СһڶһĨϲ֮ɫڳԷʱǽİĪӣûĵطĪɽŭͬʱҲЩŵˡ
Թ֮ĪһĪ࣬һĪ߳˼ţһ·ȥֱ뿪˴ӣĪſڡ
磬㰡ҪȻĻҵġ
ĪЦſһۣȻѯĿ˵Ŷӿ֮ǰûᱻһ٣
ĪӵĻĪʱԡ
ĪӼ˵ΪʲôҪѧ
ʱΪŮӵĪ˵Ŀһ㶼棬Ǳ顢飬ҪǱģǲŲȥѧõġ
ĪĻֿһԵͷһͬĪ࣬ĪĪЦЦû˵ʲôôǣСһ֣ϵǰߡ
СһϾͻСһʱ֮󣬽ĶоЩˣǣĪӣܹоСһı仯
磬߲ˣǵҪȥﰡգΪŮӵĪȿˡ
ҪȥԶĵط棬·أĪӿСһ˵
ԼĸҪȥԭѾ߲Сһʱ֮˾ָ˵ĸĪһ·ʱ֮СһʵǳŲסˣͣ
ĪҲߴ٣Сһ·ϢʱôһһȥɫҹĻ٣λΧһ̶ûУʱСһڻˡ
磬ˣǻȥɣҶӶˣһ˷ڵأĪĿЩŵĿΧĪӵ˵һԵĪȻû˵ҲץĪӵ䡣
ǳôʱ·֮ǰǿ϶زȥˣѾôôȥˣ컹Ҫ³ʱǻߵԽǾҹɣĪӿСһЩµģһ˵
СһȻԸ⣬ĪӵǰһĪȫΪҲֻܽҪҰһҹ
ȫˣΧһƬڣСһıĪӵֱۣһΨһʧˡ
ˣĪӿ˵ӣаЦһȻ󿪿˵
Χôڣѻɣ
ððĪҪСһʱ
ûлʯôأոոСһĪһ仰ʱЩɵˡ
Ī˵ǰжϹ֮ǲҪʯģʹõľȡİ취
˵ţĪӶӣõϵĿ֦һЩʱ䣬ľȡķʽյȼһѻ
ۿȼˣСһָĪӿ޵
Щѧ֪ʶˣĪСһͷЩĳ˵
˻֮СһЩˣϵģΧûˣȥҳԵأֻΧŻѣżôһ
˵ڶϣСһǱѣǳôҲû̼ǱһѼζ
磬ҶĪĪ඼ÿĿ⿴Īӡ
ĪаЦȴɫΧҲûˣΧңʲôܳԵģŪһ㣬ӣ
ţĪӴСһΧһ֮һֲĸϵͳһĸ
ľһҩģζӰɣĪӰһĸŪɾ֮󣬸Сһԡ
ҩĵζϵСһҲûܿͽЩɾˡ
ĪΧһЩСһϡķ֣ЩԼƽʱĶȻǿԳԵģζ
ȵ֮ĪִСһǰߣӰߵƽϣϿ϶Ҫȴֵö࣬кܶСһ￴ûмĶСһǳĿġ
ƽѧãĪصضͣһСһ˴ѧ֮дʶȻֺܿСһ뿪ˡ
ʱ䣬ĪӴСһӰصߣȥȥһЩ飬СһﳢŻѧԣվһŸʾǰֶΧСһдš
ЩԽ棬СһԽóرǰдţΪֶֹϲȫôܹдţֻߺĪӵİ
ʱСһĪӵǰҪȥ
վԼǰСһĪЦſʵǻȥ֮󣬻벻ѧ
룡Ī˵һԵĪŤһ£Ҳ˵
룡
ãȻѧǸǻȥԺܹѧˡĪ˵Դ˵
ˣȵѧȫ֮ǰҲѧˡĪ̻شĪҲ˵ͷ
ĪЦЦСһĽƾһΣûа취ǳ׽ɵġûиСһｲʲôҲҲûиСһӦôȥֻǴȥһЩ顣
ֻһʼĽ̸һЩһȷָҲԼΪֳӦְ


ʮ ҪԵ
ĪӽƤСһͻؼҵʱ򣬼ĸĸʵѾСһǳˣ֪СһĪӦòʲôΣգǻ̲סᵣġ
⼸ʱ䣬ĪɽҲˣһ˫ƤĶŮߣеǳϰߣʱʱǣš
Īɽˣ͸ĪӵĸˣٴμСһʱĪӿĸ׾ȻֱĨᡣ
˱ƽĪӽִСһȥһѧļңһǸ֮󣬾СһػѧˣϾӰأĪӵͷǺõġ
ڽ˼еܵõ֮ĪӾ»صɽε飬һĪӻᷴ˼Լûоְֳ֮һ棬ĪͻȻ䷢̵ֽ֣˵飬ʵлһȤġ
ԺҵΪٸһ㣬Ҳϼӣúõĵһ£˵ʦܹ棡Īнͷ
رǵصɽ֮󣬷ԼڵʱУҹԼΣڲʲôص飬ƨɻûȣֽŸȥˡ
ҹڷ֮УŴڵҹɫĪ֮ǰǼŵĵӣһҪȥͷ
÷ǰҲĪӽܶ£Ī֪ܴ󣬶ҷǳķݣʳĸ֮Уշ̶ŵĻӦĩβļҪһӰˡ
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һ룬ĪӷԼʱҪȥһȽѵ顣
ˣҲôˣʵڲеĻĵĵϼ꣬ȵʦص˼䣬Ҳܳȥ𣿻ЩŵӣҪһ仧ӰأҲͬԷĵĳȥˣͷת֮䣬Īӷ֣ĸ仧ӰأԼ˵Ҳȫһ¡
ԼΪֻ꾳ڣҪﵽ֪֮Ҫãȥ飬Ҳ̫УʱԺúŬΪ
ڵҹĻ֮УӰһǳͨСɽ֮ǰӰҹĻ֮
ĪĻһϳǰ⼸ˣй۵ڵˡ
ˣˣڿǰСɽϵıǳƽȴ͸һ˿˷֮ɫ
ʦ֣ôصĴҪʲôѽһļͬʦܣȫͷԣȻ֪£ȫ֪ʲôҲЩ档
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ڵĻһԼλͬЩŵĻһۣ϶¶˾ϲı顣
ʦִԵ档һ˿ʵ
⼸ն̽飬Ѿȷʮ֮˾ţն˵
οĹᣬڣƾǼܷ֮Ĺ᣿һй۵ĵʵ
İɣݹżмأ⼸ѾһЩߣһָʾһܹĹᣬõĶڿһǰСɽѾЩȲˡ
˻ԵʦԸǷպڹУҵȱΪʦհ϶Ĵ֮󣬼й۵ĵӻһۣͬʱ˵
ͬŵĻ֪ҹǳĿѾﵽˡ
һλֵĹᣬЩʲô֪أԼԵ£ó£ͬţԼй۵ĵλøȹ̣պи֮лԴ
չż֮еļأڴżͬˣΧСɽæµ˲֮󣬼ͬʱоǰԭͨСɽ𣬶һʸУЩ̫ʵˡ
أ
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ߣȥڴżͬţѸٵҵһͨ뵽ɽ֮С
Ӱ֮Уҹ˯հףǴĹᱻͬһʱ䣬Ӵϻ˫ۣȻӡ
񾳽ĹޣôܵӰˣԣӦһֱӰأողűʳȷ֣
ɽ÷֮УĪҲ˫ۣŷڷ֮еĵӡȻ˸˽ɫĹâ鿴
ʳʾ񾳽ֻǹ޽Ӱˣ
̽鵽ӡϢĪӵɫ
һߣй۵ļ˽뵽ĹѨ֮УϲţĹѨ֮лĻԵ˭ӭײϵģȻһȺ޻꣬󣬻һ񾳽Ĺޣȫں֮У·ͺҹΪһ壬Էһƿ״ķעǡ
õĲ֮ôöû֣û뵽ǼСұвأνţΨУסǵҪֻܹԼ
ֳƿ״ĺӰޣǵǸӰɽ֮Уߵ񾳽Ĺޡ
ڶʳ꣬Ӱ⴦Ĺһй۶أ͸Ҫĵڶʳˡݵĵƻ֮ʱ⴦ĹѨڣʵѾƻˣڶʳ֮ûãĹѨ֮еĶͱȡˣ֮ĹѨͱһʱ䡣
֪ʲôʱʼĹѨֱ޸˻ãΪӰ֮еһܡ
Ļʳ꣬ڵڶʳһЩأҲûȫھ⴦ĹѨͳ޵Ĳ֮
񾳽ĹϴӰصɽУȻҲһЩˣڴһǻָƣһҲڵȴʱϴӰɽ֮еĳһҪһ
û뵽Լصĵطȴ⼸Сҳˣһ
ҵȲ֪ǰ֮ðţߣǰϢŭǰ޵Ļæ˵ϧո˵꣬Χ޻Ѿ˹λ꾳ĹޣǰҲһĺһ
龰ںͬţһ˲Ķǳ˹ȵס


ʮ 
ʱҹհ׺Ӱص䱸Ӵ˰صȡǧرųȥ
ʱĪҲո뿪ɽû߳Զܵհ׵ֽ״飬ĪӲҪçײȺϣȻһȥǸ񾳽Ĺޡ
ӵհ׵ֽ״֮Īհ˵ļ֮ؿٶȥһ񾳽Ĺޣƾ꾳Ϊˮľ廪ͨҲһܹӦˣǺհһȽϰȫ
ĪӵԼõĵصʱ򣬷հǻûеʶ΢΢һɨվԭصȺԼĪ˰ĹհױŴӵˡ
߰ɣԷûߣץʱ䣡Ī֮հ׶Īӵͷ˵˵һ仰һǴɽȥ
ߵϣĪӺհͬʱһۣǸ񾳽޵ϢͻȻ֮ʧˣʳķȣҲһθӦԷˡ
һȺǴɽĪӵųǰɽ֮̽һȻĿ΢΢һתͷһԱߵհ˵ˣɽϵһѨ֮У
ȱȥ̽飬Էթſͣս֮̽һ˵հʱǷǳĽĪ˵ͬʱĿ⿴Ե䱸
ǣԵ䱸̻⣬ת̴Щرɽ֮ǰſͣȻ󷢶ս֮
ɱ
һĺɱǧһȣһը죬һѪɷ֮𶯵ǰɽ𣬷·΢Ļζɽϵ㡰ಡĵ䡣
һս֮ĪӲɽ֮мڵĹƮͬʱмõӰͻȻ֮ʹɽ֮г˳ΧӴܶȥ
Ī֮пǼ޻꣬⼸޻ͬʱĪ뵽һ֮ǰӰɽ֮мǸӰһƿ״ķܹٻ޻꣬һ˳ɾ
ǵӰصλ䱸Ϊʵʵﵽ佫磬һλᱻԷס
ѵԷûߣȻӰ֮УĪӴʱаһ񾳽ĹޣͲԼƤӵ£˲òġ
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һǼҪܵ޻꣬һս֮Уû̫ܳԶõ壬Ϳʼɢˡ
ȻǹֶΣ߶Щ֣հޱĿǰɽʱŷԸ˽ȥļʬ
ûãʬͰڷ˵ǰ⼸ߵӣĪûһ˿һ⣬ղ֮̽УѾϳȥ⼸˵ݡ
й۵ˣհʱȻҲϳ⼸˵ݣرǿоȻڣɵ΢΢üͷ
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հ׵ķԸ䱸ûκεԹԣֱӾʹǰȥѲӰָҲְ֮һ
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ĪӿհЩյ飬ЩɻĿڣںǼй۵ĵڹУʦˣҲӦȥǸ޵鷳ʲôõĵģѵй۵ЩǨŭ˲ɣ
հҡҡͷЦſڵĪ֪µСŲ֪ԼɽפزҪһŴڣɽݾڵģȴֻôСš
ĪֱӣհͶȥѯĿ⣬ԣԼҪհ׵Ŀе֪һȽصϢˡ
ֽ󣡡
Īһ̵ӣհױ˵ٶǰʳӭ컻֮սȻ޵ĳ飬ͳΣѾ̸ڣ˻ʵ֮ʵ˳Ȼ´£Ȼǵõʧ˻ʾ͵õ˶෽оЩСŵİԣǲܽݸɽפء
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˵ǸޣĪ΢һ£Ȼ󿪿˵Ǹޣпܼ
հԣЩĿĪһۣȻ󿪿ʵĪʲôط
ĪӾͽӰɽ֮У˵һ飬󻹼һ䣬Ҳܿ϶ǲǶԷֻǸղſǼ޻꣬͵ԷʹõֶκԾ²һ¡
հ׵ͷϱãøǱһ£ܹҵǸޣҲȥһ
֮Զڻʳݵһɽɽ֮һſڣһĸߴ󣬳ˣڹİʯǰվʯ֮ϵһӣһ߲ϵߵݣһЩɳƵ˵
ʦʦòףΪŵİ£䵽أʦһҪΪʦֱ𰡣ʦ
վڰʯϵӿԷߵͷ֮ѾѪɫҲɵ΢΢Щݡ
ԻɣѾˣ֮ǰΣѾҵ꣬ļѾԷõӻϴһɶҲ֪˭ҶԷȻ꣬һת֮ҲҪִˡ
ǰģʦԻӵĻԻ̧ͷͷϵѪҺ˳£ԭӣһ̿ˡ
ʦαƭңʦȥӰأһңʮа˾žǶԷʦ
Ի仰վʯʯϵӲ˵ˣԻҲãȻûѧǽƻǽ߳࣬īߺڣĿȾ֮£ҲѧһЩµʦǡ
Իҧҧӻȡһ˫־ٹͷ˵ʦҪһһۡ
վʯʯϵӿԻеһУУٵ̽һеݣͻȻһĨ⡣
һзļֻ֮ģأӿʵʵĴ𰸣ˡ
ڣʦֵϣԻվ˵ʦʳǾ仰ʱԻףԼҪٿధˡ
ϣ˵ģ򡭡
аԣҪɱҪУϤ㣡ԻͻȻЦһ£Цл͸һɷζ


ʮ й
й۵ĵӰأӰرزûɶӰ죬䱸رӰظѲɵӰ
ֵĹѨӰز˵ĺ棬ûûôĹѨ֮ǰкܶ˷׷ȥĹѨ֮вιۡ
ֻϧսʱڵĹĹں֮ǰͱ˷ˣҲûʲôĹѨ֮мûκмֵĶȥһ֮󣬴ҷ׷׶ʧȥȤ
ĪҲȥĹ֮вιһ£ȷûʲôˣĪҲû̫ʧ͸ǰȥιЩξһʵȥҲûʲôɿģƱˡ
ת֮䣬й۵ļӳµڣѾȥʱ䣬ʱУĪûլɽϣȻͦϲģΪӰصĵ٣ĪӻҪԼְġ
λ񾳽Ĺ֪ںδɲӰأܵʲôطȥˣⶼö֪ĪӰظϸϸѰһҲûܹҵԷκε˿
ԷĻӰأ˻ʲôǸĹĲ֮⣬ֹܹʳ̽ĵطֻϪˮͰˣٽԼ뵽ĵط̽һ֮ĪֻܵóĽۡ
Īɵľǰ񲮣λƷ飬ԴӸĳ֮Ψһһ¶棬Ǹɽ֮У֮ûӰϪˮĪӺͶԷŶݵĽӴλ飬ʵӡԣͳŵԷ÷һ㡣
̽˸Լɵĵط֮⣬Īһ飬ٴλʱһСһϴε֮СһȻƤҲûиɳӿֻƺʢ˲٣һЩϡŹֵ⣬Īɽͷ۵⡣
ѧҲЩʵټ˼رǶˣ˼붼ȽϿѾЩ⣬˼ײһܹܣҲڽܵġ
µʱ伸һĪЩʧãڰ칫հס
հһĪӣ̿ʵô⼸Ӱ̽飬ûʲôջ񡣡
Īҡҡͷ˵һǸ񾳽Ĺ޻ӰأҪôǻǹĹһĵطҪô
˵Īûֱ֪հܹԼ˼
ǱҲϢˣٽӰصķãҲû̽鵽Էټհ׵˵ͷͬʱҲ˵
⻹һϢй۵Ѿƾ⼸ھͻᵽҾ˵й˻٣˵ǴʹӰذңհһ仰˵꣬ӳһϢ
Īӵ˵ͷ鵽ѾȥˣԷʱ䶯ʵѾǱȽˡ
֪й۵˺òദҪ仧Ӱأպ󵽵ǸǻĪа˼ţһ仧ӰأԼⲻҪͶԷ򽻵
ԼӰأɽ÷۵ĻҵӰأԺԼʦ÷ӦҲصӰأԼĸԲܽӰػᷢʲô£Լ޿ˡ
һ֮ĪϵΣһ֮жĪжĹ֮Уʶ֮еǵ첻âһ΢ԴĵĪӵбĴĦţ̺⡣
ĪڵҲڷתţΧ׳
ɽԽԽŨرĪӲ֮ԭΪ󷨱ҪɽŨȽһЩû뵽ͬʱҲһ̶赲ʧɽøŨˡ
ҲΪĪõ󷨣ֻһ򵥵Ի󷨣ûȫ£ĵȷǳ٣ŻĲĺ¡
ڵתٶԽԽ죬Īӵ꣬Ҳһ뵽ͼ֮Уޱˮ֮еһòһƬտ֮У·֧صһҲ֮ͬһԴͷ
ţϵӽޱߵˮ֮мȡ֣֦Ҷϵϣͼȥߵա
ȵ֮Īӻ˫ۣԼĽĽһ׳ĪӾ÷ǳ⡣
еĵźãֵȼһ㣬¯֮УĪ߳
̧ͷһգһʵĪǹһ˿΢ЦȽϲ죬ʵҲĺá
ɾʱĪӵĿͻȻһһƬϼԶ
ʲôĪ˫ۣʹóͬʱҲųԼʶȥ̽顣
ۣʹ֮ĪԼ֮俴ƬϼĿƺһķۡ
ۣĪ̾뵽й۵ˣûйƴй۵ˣֻû뵽ôߵֱӼԦŷзˡ
۵ٶȺܿ죬ûãӰصϿգĪӿ˷۵ģ
ͨ죬Χһ㵭ĹΣ·ȼŵĻһ㣬ĺһҶСۣԼİףƺȵԨͨɫĴҪһЩ
һһͣӰصϿգȻǷǳģܹҷ۵ˣȫ̧ͷգķۡ
֮΢ͣһȻʼ½䵽һƬտش߳˲ٵˣмʮ
˴ӰˣйۣҪڴ仧ˡһλϵӷгֶķһУһɫľ޴ۣСһ⣬뵽ϴ֮С
ߣȥӰصãǵʬ½Ҫҵͬȥϵһɫķ֮Ƕߵͬ˵˵תͷһԼ˿˵
˷ۿʼ⼸˾վһԣԲй֮ˣʱϵʻ⼸֮Уһòǳϣ˫˺ǿѹȸеӿڵҵȺ͹һͬǰҲΪ׷˱ɱһ£ҵ֮ѾüĿѾ˵һ·ʵټţȥ
Ҳã½й۵Ӿһˣϵ˵ͷĿԴĿһۣȻת뿪ˡ
ȵϵ뿪֮תĿ⿴Ⱥһʿ÷ǳƽ˵
ԻʦֶѾӰˣһ飬벿ּ֮Ĳ𣿡
ʦ֮ǰѾشˣ벿֮ĲϣѾӰأֻҪҵɱʦֵˣһܹӶԷѳʱûУƾʦáԻ̯̯֣һ޹ı飬ֻӣȴоûжٿŶȡ
ˣҪܵĳͷԲԸһµġѾ˵ˣҲֻھһ䡣


ʮ 
ɽ÷֮УĪҷµ֮ͻȻ֮ЩĻţŵľԼƤĪһΣսҪٵĸо
ѵҪͷȻвĸоôôǿңĪﰵɲΪԼĪĲֻһԼĴ
֮ΪԽ֮ӦԽԼΣյʱԼ֮ͻиӦָӦѪ
ĪӲ²⣬Σտڸղй۵Щˣǵ֮ԼͻȻѪķӦ
ҪҪ뿪ɽȥǱ߶һ¡ſտɽĪͷתҪҪȥհȶһ㣬ͷһĪӾԼｫˡ
й۵ЩˣӰ֮һȥǱߣϾǼȥй۵ӵʬ壬񻹷֮УԼҪܵȥͶ𣬶һհ
Īȫָ֪оĵˣʵй۵ˣһˣѾɽˡ
ӡһ֮䣬ĪӼɽΧ󷨣ɲǼ䣬ɽɽ֮ӿתţɽ˸ʵʵͻȻ֮䣬ֹͣתâӳ֮£ɽ˵УȻͻȻ֮ʧˡ
ĪӽɽΧԻ󷨿ɽ֪ûãһΣս٣Ҫƿ󷨣ԼҲڵһʱ䷢֣ӶӦ
ȫ֮Ī󷨵ĸڵ㣬Ӵ֮óһööǮֱӷ뵽ڵ֮УΪ߶󷨵Դ
ֱǮάתҪǻգĪӾԸɲְܼҵ£ڽգĪȴԥˡ
ٺõĶչ黹ҪóõģһƷļֵֻʹʱ򣬲ܹӳĪӿɲЩŽɽɽȴȻڹؼʱ᲻ûزūһһĻ󶼸˼¡
Īӿ֮ԼĪһʱ䣬мɽ֮ǰ
ҼǵþﰡԭһɽɽһۣһϼһһСӣҺʦ־ԵĿǸϼһˣɽȥˣԻɽ£תͷ´ȴԭɽʱȻˣɵøеһ˿ҡ
ԼôĴۣʦ˹ϣܹΪʦֱ𣬿ҵĵص㶼ҲЦĿ̫ˡ
ȷڴ˴վԻʱ򿪿˵
ҲǴģԻعͷϣѾһ˿֮ɫ
˵һȥӿԻı飬֪ûѣǱǰԻ˵
ţӻ̧֣֮гһƬĹâұԽԽڹâҫ֮Уһɽ彥ĳ˵ǰ
ɽ壡ǰ³ֵɽԻ̽
÷֮УĪɫǳأԻ˸ոɽʱĪӾѾ˶ԷȺ֮еԻĪӴžͲ³ɽ˵Լ֮й۵ˣԼͬţڵˡ
ŶԷ׾ٵľƳԻ󷨵ڣñɽ³֣ĪӾ֪˵ΪһԶԼ֮ϣ񾳽ĸ֡
ô죬𣿡ĪӴʱûаֽңɽһԻ󷨣ܹ赲סԷĽŲҪܣҲѴӶԷƤӵȥ
һĪӵĵӡУһĨԥ֮ɫҲû취ˣհˣԸܶȹѣ
˾ĪеĵӡųɫĹâӰ֮еհףԭڽӴй۵ˣƾԼõĽ˫̸֮
յ׷飬ӰܱߵĸضѾϸϸŲˣȴȻûзǸ޵ټλģǱѾӴ£ֻҪԷٴγ֣ǡհһɫĶԱ߼й۵ĵʿ˵ͻȻ֮һͣĿת˷֮⣬˴Ľ⡣
ɢԴͷƺԼ鷿֮еĹӡ
λ£ʧһ£հվԵļʿһȻ첽ߵ鷿֮УɢŽĹӡ
Īѣִһ¹ӡʱһϢհԺ֮Уʱհ֪Դ
֮߳⣬հ̺һĪѣܲȥһɽر֤Īֵİȫ
ǣûпܲӰȴǳհ׵Ķ
ܲհҲǷˣֻҪܲôĪӦòʲôΣգȻǰĪܹŵܲϵ
ɽϣͨӡ֮ĪӻûüѵӡžͻȻоµĵҵȻɽΧһҲ֮ʼҵĻζ
Īתͷɽ£ͿտʼƳڵǸӣʱ΢΢£һƾѹĶ
ţĪӸоһȻ٣ɽΧһͷ·Ǳ޴ƵƤȻ֮䱬ɢһ΢ĪӲԻ󷨵ķ׵ıˡ
ڴ֮Ȼûбĸɾʣ䵽ĪӵϣĪѾתڵֿ⧲֮£ȴȻоѹһأؿһӷǳƣĹͷƺڱ
ƳɽΧ󷨣ɽųһ⣬߼ȫסȻâȻεضֱӷɽ
Īֻһ£Ȼ󼸵ӰͳԼǰɵýĿ⿴ǰˡ
ǲղƳ󷨵ӣԵԻʵ
СӣҵԻǰĪӣʱȥˣͯ꣬ü֮еӰӣĪгԹһֱΪܣڼĪӵĵһϳǵǸͯ
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ʳϢڵ½ףΪѾﵽ˴磬ǼڵĴʦ֮⣬ڶпܳɵˡ
˿ĭĪҡҡͷ˵ԭ½֮ǰмŵӰݷãûмڵĵӵ½ǰˣǰʦҲôɣ
ûмⲻ˵㣬Ĵ½׿ĪӼ˵
۲һɢ޵ĶŴ𣿡˵ĪӸоЩӲȥˣԼܽȥģõǿ飬ھͷԼĴ֮УҪǽȥˣԼܾ͵ڱ˼ץˣﻹлĻᣡ


ʮ ܲ
ʦɢСӷϻˣֻҪסˣԼһ£ʲôϢܹʳĪԼʦǰ˵ȻԽԽǿӲԻæϽ͡
½׻ͷԻһۣǳı䣬£ѵҪ̣
һ仰Ի̹ԹվԭأʵʵʦˡֻΪʦֵ£һʱ֮Щʧԣʦ֣ҪĶܾСӵĴ
ȻԻֵ÷ǳվڶĪӣҲһЩԾƺԻλʦôصġ
½ûԻ̬ȣЩ飬ҪھͼƽϣȵԼҪĶõˣеʱ䣬Ĵá
Ŀ·ŵĪӵϣû˵κεĻֻǻ̧һɫĹâֱָĪӡ
һ˲䣬ĪӸоԼоһɾ޴ΣϮû˿ԥֱӾͷԼСͨ
Сͨˮľ廪
СͨʩչɲǣĪӵǰһӰһƬõľ۸ոչͱһɫĹâǿвУЩƬӰ۴飬ջǲһ㡣
գĪݺݵ£۽ǲ΢΢һ飬ԼСͨȽϸһ£Լ¾ͷˡ
ĪҲû뵽Է־ȻɱУȫԼ׼סԼһ嵽ǲԼ֮֡
½һĨɫһƬӰ֮أҲеЩ⣬û뵽һɢ޵СͨȻܹסԼһ
ĪӱֵǱԽ½ҪɱĪӵľľԽǿԼݣǱűɱ֮ġ
ڷʱ½ʵҪ˵飬ǽŲãյһ棬һǵĻʳĵӡ
΢˼һ½׾ͶԷͻںԻӶ֮ʱѡ˲Ϊ
û뵽Իֵ֮꾹Ȼôһ֮ļ֮˳
ļ֮ڵĴʦģһֱ塢ԻһĴзԻʦ֮ǰ½׾һֱҪõļ֮ϧʼնûõ֡
Իʦ֮ʦ½Ҳûҵļ֮½Ѿµļܾ֮뿪ŵԻϣ׼ͼ֮û뵽Իóϰ벿֡
ڵĹϢϢأϵԼȹֳ֮;һβò
½֪ԼһεĿһλ٣һһıΪ飬ΪܹɣԼһβò
ʳٵݲǣԼҲǵ٣ڵĲٵҲεٵְΨһ΢˼һЩľλʳҵĵӡ
ȻԷԼЩ˼ɣ֮½ףԼܹƺֻҪԼܹɣǼǶԷպ׷ҲΪһˣ̫Լ
½ٴ̧Լ֣ǰ֮һֱȫɻɵĴͻȻ֣֮ƬӰشһȥ
ĪֻоϮȵ¶ȷ·ҪΧˮȫɾԼС֮ͨУҲһַ·ҪȼĴ
ѸٵӡСַͨΧ֮еˮһ̱Īȫĵ۳һ޴ˮֱӶǸӭȥ
ڣ
ˮһ˲䣬ˮڶ𣬻ֱӽĪӷˮɢȻƲĵ˹Ӱ֮
һ˲䣬ƬĹӰۣͿʼøãҸһɫӰĺˮʧˣߵĻҲɢˣƬ֮󣬳׵ĻһƬ㡣
Ī˿ЩңϵãһЩսĺۼͷüëҲЩݻƾҲһ˿Ѫ
ԼСͨˣǱԷһǿѹ̬ȫˣĪҲһЩˡ
Сͨϧˣ½׿վĪӣе˵ȻһâֱһһɫĹâ
ԷĹٴν٣ĪҲ˲Լڵƣ˲óīȣ׼ƴȫһȻܲܿĪԼҲûеס
Ҳڴʱһ羪ը죬ͻȻɽϿ𣬽һӰڵʯ֮䣬Īӵǰ
ң
ĪӿŵԼǰӰһԼԮˡ
ܲ
Īӿڽһ䣬ǰӰհߵܲĪһֱ֪հߵܲһλ֣Ȼûм֣ܲһհᵽܲʵݣе֣в½ףҲӦܹԱɣ
ºˣ½׿ͻȻֵܲϵɫڳ˱仯
Ӱһҳѣֲҳݣܲһ˵һĻһֽš
ڵˣϵĻǲ̫ϣԹˣһĸ֣һ꾳С֣Ϻܹ𣿡΢˼ֽţܲͻȻһ䣬Ŀ֮жһ˿⣬Ŷ½׿˵
֣仰һڣܲȻ֮ʧ˲½׵ǰһȭݺݵǰ
ã½ܲһ仰ڵͬʱоͰһһ֮䣬̳һ˻Ĵ졣
˻ɫĴһ˲䣬Χ¶ȱղ˵һ̨ףͬʱһɫĹâ½˶
ܲһȭñǵɫĹâסˣɾһ£½Ȼɳȥ˫ֱأɳɽ֮⡣
սܲ˫ڵһţȻ䱩һϱһ˵ƣݿնϣֱ׷½׶ȥ
ۿܲ׷½дһӣ֮гһƬĻˣܲǰ
ŹĻˣܲƺȫû˱ܵĴ㣬ΧҲһѪɫĹâЩ뵽֮УĻӳһȭȭֱ֮пһͨ
Ѫޣ½׿һĻˣͬʱ˵
ǿ߲ûУǷǳϡ٣˱֮Ϊޡ
·Ҫߵߴǳļѣ֡ԴЩȱһɣÿһ޸ֻҪɳսף˵ͬ޵УҲǰμһ
½û뵽ԼȻһΪﵽ˴޸֣ǧһСģսͽˡ
ܲ½׼ٵȥûм׷ȥǻͷһɽϵĪӣֿ˿ʣµڵļˣͻȻһǼȥ
ɽʣµڼУԻ֮⣬ʣµļ񾳽ĸ֣ܲͻȻתǹ̷ӦѸٷųԼķȻɽ֮ȥ


ʮ ֮ǿ
Ǽڵĵߣܲûٶǳ֣˼Ҳֻ뿪ѡ
ĪҸȫĵطһᣬȥȥͻأܲתͷĪ˵Ȼ󲻵Īӻػת½׷ȥ
Ī֪֮ܲԸղŻͷǼڵĵӣҪΪԼǼڵĵ뿪ˣܲҲԷſֽţ½һսˡ
Īӿ첽ߵһԵĲľ֮УȻʩչľԼκϢͿʼעܲ½׵ս
λֵսĪ˵һ߶˵սֵúúõĹĦһ¡
ڲغԼΣĪʶܿͿܲ׷½ף֮仹һξ룬ԶԶһĳֻһƺ֮ǰͬڳ֮ʱܲԼһֻ޵ӰһƻǸ޵ӰҲͬĶܲһǹƺ֮ǰȼֱǿ̫ࡣ
ܲһڵ½ףʱأһԼͬ޵Ϊһ֮ԳΪҲɵøеһ־Υѹ
½ҲߣܲһȻ֮ǰҪǿѾʼˣֻƾĹκβġ
лɫĴһһȦһһ㣬һ泤ߣֱӭȥͬʱ½һֻ֣һɫĹâֵӡͷ֮۳һɫĻ򣬲ϵת׳
ȥͷǸɫĻ׳һ̶ȣ½һǸɫĻ򣬻һĻŵɫĻ棬ֱܲȥ
ɫܲȥʱĪȻܲͦĵģҲɵͷһԷڵƣ䵽ɽϣĪӺɣɽ¾ͻΪһƬˡ
ܲԼĵɫвû˿ľɫǶһĨȵս⡣
ս壬ɽVɽʽܲϵѪ˵Ȼ·һȦԭֻӰȻ֮һ䣬һ󣬷·һֱֻͻŭ
ܲ˫ǰһѹѪƣȴһֻӰһģһȻȻǰһˣֻɫײһ
䣡
֮һ촫ĵɫ汬֮ģһҵķѹ£ô֮ϰٲݷ
ˣĪӺ΢΢һ£оղײιһι䵽ϣܹɽģԼɽᱻΪһƬƽء
ʱĪ֮Уܲٴ
ս壬ȸʽ
ܲ£һƳ𣬽žͿһֻѪɫĴͻȻӵЯſջֱ֮˵֮½׵ǰ
½׻лɫĴ죬ͬʱҲҫųɫĹâһ֮£еĴ֮⣬Ҳٲķˡ
һƱ֮зɳ˼ʮףû䵽ϣƺˣŻɫֻ֣ȴ΢΢Ĳš
ղžͲһ㣬ԼץסеķˣԼһ˻ɫĴ䣬Իڸղһ֮ˡ
ոסԼΣ½׻ûüһͻȻ͸еһڵٴעд֮УסԼ
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һ촫½׾ͿƲסԼ壬ֱӱһɣŵȥ
䵽ϣ͸оһĹһϮԼеĴ𵴣ƺʱԼС
׻ҫ½һǿסеĻ죬ͬʱٴʩչһȻ֮䱬һɫĹ棬Χܲȿ
Ȼ仯һ⣬Ѹٵĺܲ˾룬һֱɳ˺Զ
½Ѿ֪ԼܲĶˣ룬Լ֧һʱԷղĻǾͲٴˡ
ۿ½׼һκԼ룬ܲȴöԷô򵥾⣬ϵѪȻ֮øǿһ֣޵Ӱһη˱仯һһ
ս壬ʽ
Ѫȫ֮УܲٶҲȻ֮죬½׷ȥ
ܵΣգ½׹˲ü룬ڵд֮Уȫ߶ܣȻ֮һӣѪɫײһ
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һײ֮ǰθǿԸӰس֮еհǸ򣬿Լɼײתͷļй۵ʿЦ
λ⣬Ǵ֮ˣһϼҳ䲻֪һǺηʥǸӰ£ΪȻܷβ
й۵ʿԣ֮һۣհ׵仰ƺר˵Ǽġ
հ⼸ʿһΪȻҲ̽鵽Ǳֵ߽ĶһҲϳˣǺһͬӰص
ڻһ֮һλϵĿڣԭֵһȻ˵ļҳһƶʶڵ½ף֮ǰҲеӰѣ½ԭ֪йͬеѣǾԼúҵһͬǰӰأֻڵӰ֮ڵ˾ͺҵȷɢˣȻ˵ļҳˣǲʲô᣿
հԣº͵ЦЦǸһۣȻ˵ʲôɣӦʤѷ֣ʲôᣬҪ˶þ˵ˣ赣ģ
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ɽϣĪѾľԶһɽ壬ɫ֮һЩ𺳡
ǱԭһСɽʱСɽɽͷѾˣûɢȥĻҳСɽϿƯš
һİһСɽɽͷˣĪЩңҺս֮ʱܲԶɽⳡս֮ɽҪǺɽһǾ̫ˡ
ڿûɽͷɽ壬ͻȻ֮䣬ܲӰ֮£䵽Īӵǰ
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Ϊֶζǲһ΢һЩˣǻöԷˣܲشԷϾһλ֣Ȼ򲻹ܲҪûġ
ܲҲԸƵֲ̫һҪɱԷƵ̫öԷʹһЩصĵƣҲûʲôô


ʮ 
ȣȣ½׿ȳһѪͷԼһȭӡһĨ֮ɫԷޣһƿԼķԼԼϳˣܵһء
ȡһƿ˵ҩٵĵһ£½ΧһطʼԼϵơ
ʱ½һγֵʱǸȭӡѾʧˣȻûȫָѾѹˡ
һɨ½׺ܿҵڵˣȻһ⣬Ѹ˵ߡ
½װȻĳǰڵһһǰ
½ȴûǣǽĿֱͶȺ֮еԻٵ֣ԻңתڵһԻĲ֮סʺ˾
ȣƣʦԻѵĳɫ½ףֽŲסš
ļ֮°벿ֵ½ʵոܲ³˿ѾûмԻȥȤˡ
ңѾ˵ˣ°벿ʦ֣ӦãǸɽСץڰ֮еԻЩѵĿڵǵ˴˿̣Ҳ˿ɿڡ
ڤ粻飡½׿ɾǿԻ³ĸ֡
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ӵʦ䣬Ի뿪ſʼԻڣԼλʦѾûԭôءȥ½ףϣܹ屨𣬿һδεĿధ󣬻ȴʼնʧ֪Լóļ֮˵½ףʱԻ½ףѾǳ׵ʧˣǻɢΣҲẦ½ס
ģеǰ취ܹ֪𰸡Իӣ½û˿ĶݣֻǵĿ˵öˣҲǰһҪﵽԼĿģܻа취ġ
⣬ϾԻҲŵĵӣ˿²̫ðɣ½ڵˣʱ΢ЩɵĿڵ
½׿һۣȻһɣڰյԻ
Ҳ룬ֻұ뾡취Ԫ٣ָԽϣ½תͷŸղ˵ˣϱ˿˵
ϣ⣡½ô˵ղſ˵λʱҲĬˡ
Ӱ֮УĪհ׵Ķ棬ǰλԼཻһ湫ӣȻ󿪿ڵζлȣȻ׶༪٣
ĪֲؿȻʶֻһʱ䣬˴ཻҲͶԵѣܲԮֻ֣ǵʱдй۵ˣʵڲ뿪ֻܲǰȥˣĪֵˣûʲô󰭰ɣհ΢Цſڵ
Īҡҡͷ˵ܲļʱҵûʲô󰭣վûˣй۵ˣǲǾҪӰɽˣ
հ׵˵ͷӰصǴɽȣѾйˣǴطԽԽŨˣ輸꣬ǴɽȵͻйԭɽŸŨй۵ˣѾֿʼµйˣӰ֮УĪҲΨһĵˡ
ĪԣҲЦЦǲΨһ飬Ƕ⣬Ҿ⣬Ҳı䲻κ£һźһ꾳ɢޣ֮ķأҪκ˶˵
ӰһйۣԼûǰҪˣܻܵй۵żӦģԼϵְҲ˷ֵˣҲøһЩ˵лĴߡ
ȻиĸڣмеĵܵãԼߵ̫ԶݾڵĸȥתһתӦǿԵġ
ҺհһĪվհ˵չҪΪ˸лһ֣֮ģպ󶨵Ҿ͸ˣ
հ׿׼뿪ĪӣԼеĲ豭Ȼ󿪿ڵĪѵûʲôҵ𣬱˵ҵʵݣ
ֿԸңĪӷʵ
ûĪֻ֣ҪĪ֪Ȼ˵հ΢Ц˵
˵ɣĪհһƣȻڡ
հҡͷЦЦȻ󻺻Ŀڵ֮ǰҲûĪ֣Ҳ޵ĺĪҳ㲻
ϣȷǳĪӵͷһĿ϶
Ī仰հ׵ı΢΢һ£ȻٵķӦ˫۶Ī˵ʲôʱ֪ģ
ֵܲʱ򣡡Īӻش
ĪӵĻհ¶Ȼ֮ɫ֮Сڣ޾ֻôңһңսʱڵĽģޣɰ֮Ϊս壡
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Ĺһ壬ڳڵڶʳ֮˻ʲΪڻʳͳ֮Уһֱʢ˥ڽ֮аսޣҲһֱŽϣΪĵļҳ
ĪҲǶʷģ÷ܶ£ȻЩʶ
ȻĪѾ֪ˣҲûʲôģҵȷڽϣڼҲǵӡհ׵ͷ˵
Īӿհףû뵽ԷȻϵӣһͨļӵܣһϵĵӣôܵӰˣĪӰԼ˳
ڵڶʳʱܻʶ꾭ò˥Ȼ򣬴ʱѾǵʳˣ˵ĪֿףհĪӵ⣬ϵЦȻ΢Щε˵
հ˵ĪҲˣһڵڶʳò˥εĴ壬ĵʳܹ׵õ˻ʵΣ
Ҫڵ˻֮ʱΪڶʳĽϣǸ˻˲ٵ鷳һĽҪµĻʳ֮ɱּľò˥治ô׵ġ
հ׾ͱĵӣҲǱ˺ŻƫԶӰأĴͷһһӡĽȵгһհĻʳλǾʹŽϣ±µĻʳˡ
հλӣӦǻʳͽϵһŦҪľŬĽŬӶûʳΣĹλԽߣڻʳߣڼǱҲúôгһհ뵽ʳȨģ׺ͻʳ˹ϵôһεļҲˡ


ڰʮ йۿ
󷨻ǲа
ɽϣ±ɽĪ̾һ˵
ɽΧԻ󷨣޸ˣΪˣɻķͲϣõĲˣǿ޸󷨣Īȴоһ˿İȫС
ּ򵥵Ի󷨣̫ˣҪ˵½Ĵ֣һ񾳽ǿߣԷҲܹǿƿ󷨡
ڸɽ»һɽ󷨣ͷĪӿǹʵЩѣԼ󷨣ǲ󷨵ģμ򵥵Ի󷨣ԼͷϵĲϺͷĵĲˣԼܹհѧ󷨣Ҳ֧Լó
ңЩȽǿ󷨣õҪҲȽϿ̣󷨵ķרŵҪҪһǿһЩ󷨣ֻܵȵԺˡ
⼸յʱ䣬ĪӲɽ޸ˣ˳㻹÷۵ķ·һ£û취֮ǰܲ½˵һսȻûвɽºĪȴ֣ɽϵķݱЩ̫ʵˣסȥ˵еΣգԲòһ
ҪָڵƣҪ޸ɽϵķݣɽ󷨣Ī⼸ʱ䣬˵Ҳ൱æµˡ
ɽϵ޸ûãĪڷ֮дͻȻ֮ȴ˫ۣоɽˣĻߣΪԼ൱Ҳ꾳ڡ
й۵ľƣǰݷɽĪӵͼո˫ۣĪӾһɽϴ
й۵ˣĪϲû¶֮ɫȻйӰ仧ôҪ򽻵ġ
йӰҲѾգи׼ģѾ׼Ĳ˰ɣĪûв´һӦǸԼġ
߳÷⣬ĪĲ£ɽϵһѸٵıֿһͨɽϵĵ·
ţɽһ𣡡ɽµŵһʿ˴ɽϴ̺ɵ̤ɽ
ûãԷͿɽ÷ۣԼվ÷ſڵĪӡ
й۵ľƣĪӵĪ֮λй۵ĵӣһĪӴк
ĪӴŶԷԷǳᣬϴһɫĵۣߺԼ£òҲԳƵһӢΪֹǳ
÷Īӣľѣһ裡ĪҲһ񣬶ľ
Ҷŵѣų֮ǰʮ֮йӰؿۣǰȥ񣡡ľ˵ţӻͳһ˫ֵݵĪӵǰ
ĪӸæ˫ֽӹ򿪿һۣͷ˵й仧Ӱأһ£ʮ֮󣬱ضǰȥ񣡡
ǽʱһѴݣųõȽ϶࣬ҪȥͲŵˣǣľ˵꣬ٴζĪһ񣬵ȵĪӻ֮󣬱ת뿪ˡ
ʮ֮󣡡Īһ䣬еת߻÷ڡ
ʮʱһգ۾͹ȥˣһϣĪصػһǵɫĵۣƽʱͬ·ӻһЩȴ
˼ŵĿ֮񣬼ȻԼȥԼҲܴ̫⣬ԵԼӣٻЩʧ
뿪ɽĪӾǸɽȥǸԭɽȣΪй仧ҲԼ֣йȣ
ûейȣĪӾѾΧı仯ԭйΧһƬδĻĵأһͨӾС·֮⣬ûĵ·ڣͨйȵ·Ѿˣһ·ȥĪӷ·Ȼʯ̾ͣҷǳƽ
ԣⲢʯ̾ͣ˽·ƽȻ̾͵һ·ܿ죬ĪӾͷ·⣬·ʵ̫ƽˣ·ʯмһ˿϶ûУͺԭһ顣
һ򵥵ĵ·ĪͻȻˣŵӺɢ֮Ĳֻ࣬һСţҲһɢܹ֮ġ
˳·ĪӺܿԼĿĵأ֮ĪӸһȻŷӦ³֡
ţ
ǰйȣĪȫϲǵǸɽȣΧĻӡ֮УǸԼɽȣȫӡ
ΧɽȵһȦɽڱøӸߴˣ·һȦǽػɽ֮ڣֻһڡ
Ǵ֮һȾ޴ʯţʯ֮дšй֣ۡ˿ʯ֮£վżй۵ĵӣ׼ӭӱͣоĪ֮ǰľơ
Ī֮⣬Ҳмͣй۵ǰĪӴǼһۣоȻһԼ
֮ǰԼ֮ͨʱȥٽһسǣǸسǱصĵ١
ЩˣӦӰΧĵˣϳԼĵ٣ĪӲ˵ݣӦҲΧصĵٰɡ
ҲΪйˣݣܹõóֵţҲֻȺǱߵˣ⿪֮ʱܹģȻЩɢ޵١ͻȻðһͷĪȻʧЦȻӻóʼǰȥ
Īӵѣӭǰڣ߽ĪӣľӭĪһơ
ĪӵͷЦЦȻӴ֮óһУݵľƵǰϲйۿۣûʲôõóֵĶֻ÷۵ļ÷ǿڸоѣı⣬ĪҪ
ľƽӹĪӵݹУ΢ЦŵлѺлˣ
ǰֿܲտգԼйۻھӣ򽻵ʱأĪҲʵûʲôõóֵĶֻ÷÷۶һݣõó֡
ĪӶľƵͷȻ߽ɽУܿһй۵ĵӭĪڡ
ɽ֮УĪӿǰһ빬ΧŨӸܵɢ޺ŵӵĲࡣ
й۵ӵĴ£Īӽй֮УĿⲻסΧţ̶ʱ䣬ȫԼǸطˣһŵĹõô£ÿһԼãĪһ·߹ע⵽ΧɽһȦɽ룬ҲһЩϣ֪ʲôõġ
ӵĴ£ĪһտĹ㳡㳡֮ǰһΪΰĴԱСĹΪΰĹд֣
ĿתԱСһЩĹֻһ֮дǡʦһǡŵ
ڴԺ͵룬йۿ֮ʽʼй۵ĵӽĪһǰ£Ȼܿȥˡ
ĪӿΧֻɢɢǰѾˣ˻ûĪע⵽ԼλãǱȽϿǰģԼΧڻǿյһƬ
й˲ٰ֮һһҪúѧϰһ£ջԼĿ⣬Īӻı˫ۣĵĵȴţͬʱа뵽


ڰʮһ ֮
ĪӱĿȺ˲ãǰı;½½߽ˣıȽģںĿˣĪһƬȻֻһ
ԼܹôǰλãĪҲףȫΪԼӰصٵԭΪصĵ٣йۣԼҲھӣȻҪԼֳһЩ
˺һӣĪӵߣڳ˵һλͣһλӸĵ٣ΪѾﵽ֮ĪԲԶ¡
ĵĪһƬǰλãҲܿӶĳˣкüλӸ
Щ֮ȫһĪӣĪӵΪֻ꾳磬û̫ĪӣĪߵļˣǱ˴֮ʶģǾͻ̸ཻĪһ岻ǵĻ⣬ֵƺЩΡ
ĪȴΣȤǵ̸ǵ̸֮УĪܹúܶϢЩϢЩ˵̫ܲϣĪϸţܹ֪һЩϢ
ͱ˵⼸˵̸֮УĪ֪˽й۵Ŀ֮ڵҲҪ
ֻΪΨһܹõóֵţڵ˵ʱȽܿһѹŵ
ΪݵıţǵĵͬʱҲζŶйĳϡ
ĪӲڼ䣬ͻȻ˽Īࡣ
Īĵ磡
ĪתͷһͿհףܲ
ĪЦЦû취ûʲô棬ѵһҿ۽¶ȻҪˣ
հ׶ĪӵͷЦЦȻ˿ΧˣϵıȭǴкĪӲͬհ׶ΧЩԱȽ죬мӸĹԱ˵հ׵˾հ״кһҲֵķǳ
հ׺Χ˶кĪͻȻ֮䷢֣㳡֮гӵȻһŤͷȥһй۵ĵӣһȺ߽
Ⱥһ߰˸϶ͳһװɫ䣬ǳۡ
ڵˣĪа
ʱˣֻһҡ
ȵڵȺĪӷΧճϯڲˡ
ʱһȺй۵ĵӳڹ㳡࣬Ȼһϵ˳ڳеıһ˵
ƶй۹Ԫˣλͣлλܹǰμйۿ֮ڼʱѵ񣡡
Ԫû˵κεķϻֻǸлһڳıͣȻ
£Īֻߴһö֣żʮй۵ĵӣɫ࣬תߵ֮ǰмӣлŸĶԪ˵ߡ
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ĪӿЩûбֵ̫ϡ棬ǣжļںܶೡ϶ãڿ֮ʱ
ڶƪ֮й۵ĵ񣬽泯ʦķ򣬿ʼʦй۵ĵһʦ
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ĪתͷհһۣȴհΣϵׯأһĿǰ棬ƺղԼֻǴһ㡣
Īתͷʱհ׵ٴ𣬡ЩһףҪΧıͱʾһ£й۽ˡ
Ī΢΢鶯һ£һȷȻհһΣӣȷںԼ˵ֻһЩεķʽ
Īǳ鶯ԭΧüˣƺҲͬһַǳεķʽ̸
ڵĪҲѧհ׵ӣʼǳεĺհ׽̸
ȷЩģûп֮еĻ棡Īӻش
Ҳøе̫ʧй۵Ŀ֮񣬱˹֤ͺˣհ׼Īӽ̸š
ʱԪҲʦļ룬ей۵תĿǱߵŵԪùһеļߵŵ̨ϣȻתĵӡ
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Щӵ뻮һ֮ƺǵһ״ζʮӵжȻ·ǳɰǧ˵
һ̣ǵ͸ɽȣ棬Ӱصİգǵ
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ĪӸоԼ꣬һһλһòޱߵˮ֮䣬˿̵ղһƬʣɵϸꡣ
ԼϣˢԼϾɵƤͬʱϵ֦ҶԼһ
ˮ֮£ԼµޱˮһƺҲʼܹԼṩӳ֣Լӿٵĳɳ
ˮ֮УĪӾչԼ֦ҶҲڲϵıøӴҪ̤ߵգ̰ȥȡˮ
֦ҶƲ㣬ĪȻǰһԼֽͼ֮е״̬ʶ»ָ
ոջָʶĪӾͿԼߵհ׺ܲԭվհܲʱȻԼ
һĻĪ̶Ͷȥ˸мĿ⣬ͬʱεĴȥлֺܲΪһ
£ǹϲĪˣû뵽ʱȻͻƵڣĪֹȻʷǷհ׵Ҳ˹
ڸղţΪйеĵĪͻƵ꾳ڣȫ֮ϲĪԼҲû뵽
йеĵԻ̫ʼĪҲ̫ʼʵûС׵ĳΪ̫ʼ̫ʼ汾飬ǵЩ̫ʼ洫ˣԼ顣
Ī÷ʱҲжǴûκһΣܹŽ򣬿뵽꾳ڡ
йڼĸλͣǺŻĪߵģҷ׷׽עŵĪӵϣϾĪӸոҲǵǵΪͻƣȻ˴ҵȤ
˵ĹעĪûбֳ˿ĻһӳǷǳ󷽵溬΢ЦһԼͶĿ˵ͷʾ⡣
ÿһĪӵͷ΢Цˣ΢һ֮󣬴ǻ΢ЦȻջĿ⣬ôģȻûб΢ЦҲͬջĿ⣬ûбֳκεĶ⡣


ڰʮ 
ʵʱ飬ôӣҲҪڵģ򵥵󷽷пջõЧͺñĪڡ
ղͻȻΪȡСͻƣ˴ҵĹעᣬΪһЩΪһ㣬һӵʿһ˿ʡ
ĪӴ󷽷ӦԣΧ˶΢ЦȴôøУĪȻᣬʲҲмȺͺ˵һཻĶ
й۵Ŀ֮ڼ꡶̫ʼֽ֮ļƪĪȫעţʶ֮е첻âһֱҫһ㶼û
ģĪӷһЩùŹˡ
ƺй۵ķʽƽʱͬ
Īƽʱÿ֮ҲҪҲоԼ򣬵ûκһȻ·ÿһƪƺãҪǣԼʶ֮е첻⣬âȻһֱô
˵ַһƽɢ޲ûע⵽ܣĪа뵽
֪ΪһѵһΪķֵģ߼֮
й֮Уģڳеıͣ鶼רערע֮ͬǰòԵĹעıˡ
ĸǷΧ֮ڣӰںܶգҲͬܵӰ죬ڵũͣеĻôţѧϽеڵλãŴЩϵ̷Ҳһרעǵ
֪˶֮ͣ£ηѣ֮䣬ЩȻʧ

Īӻ˫ۣ³һһй۵Ŀ֮ǰ벿ֵȷûʲô⣬Ǻ벿й۵ĪջС
Ϊ˸һҶЩԼҲѧĵƺһЩ򣬿˵ǲˡ
Ͼ棬οʦŵ־ɣӽй۱仧ڴˣлλǰ񣡡Ԫһ𣬶еıһ
ĪӺеıͶվԪ˻
йۿۣ
һ֮й۽ʽ仧ݣõڳб͵ĳϡ
֮ǽˣ˻ûеҪߵʱ䣬й۵ĵӣһЩȰڷǰӡ
֮ˣҲдһǰıͣ˳Ҳһϵĺûóô˻ʹʶһ¡
ĪӿŰԼǰ϶϶ʶһЩȽϳ֮࣬˵ǳǱϾҲֵҲǲƣдֳô͵ĻѣͲһСˡ
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Ī֣ǹϲˣΪһ¥հתͷĪӣڿԿʼú˵ˣҪչй۵ӡ
лֺܲղΪһĪԣתͷհ׺ܲʾ˸лղԼͻȻҲհ׺ܲΪԼԼܴܲŵͻơ
ĪǷᰲĸɣᣬ˲ᰲˣĪӸոպհ˵껰ԱһԱģˣĪӿ˵ǳĺơ
λԱڣΧˣʱҲһƵĿںĪӴҪĪʶһ¡
ᣬΪѾﵽ꾳ڣδɾͲӰرصӵܣʶһ£һһʲôѰȥһǴġ
Щ˵飬ĪȻûеʹһһкʶһ£˴˼䣬Ҳǻ˸
ԼĪʱ֮й۵дˣеıҲǱʼ뿪
Щͨͣй۵ĵͣЩҪһЩıͣȻйбȽз͡
ĪӺհһԱԪͣհݣȻܻǱصҲУԪȻ֪հ׵ݡ
⵼Īӳȥʱ򣬿ڵˣĿüߣĪӺհ׵ת˺üȦ󲿷ֵ䵽հ׵ϡ
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μӹģȻòԶʵҲûжƾԼ˫ʵʵϹֻ
ĪʱȽ磬ûʲô̫ϡģڳŷ֣Щ֮УôˣȻų˼ƥľȻľһ·ȥ
ĪӼǵ÷ǰҲһƥľֻǺѧϰĵʱ÷Ϊָƥľ𿪣ĪԼĲж֮УСİƥľ׵ŪˣٴοľͻȻһμ÷ĳ档
ľ뿪֮⣬˷ų˷зŲһѷɽ߼Ԧʽķķ뿪
ĪӿһĻЩĽرǸŲȷɽ뿪ġ
Уǰ飬ĿһĻȻԼ֮е΢ЩͬȻĪӺһѡ
ȵʲôʱҲҪŪһѷзһеĸоĪа
ЩԦŷ뿪֮⣬һЩǲ뿪ģϾз֮Ķɲһı䡣
Ȼǲ뿪֮˵ĸ·ٶȣҲ൱ġ
Ԫй۸ոտۣкܶҪæʹպӰأΪ𣬿½ⲻûţʱ֣հ׻عͷ͵ԪЦ˵
ˣƶͲԶˣԪ˵˵ͷֶһԵĪӵͷ΢Ц
հ׺ĪһͬʩһȻ˱ת뿪
·ϣհ׿ߵĪӣͻȻЦſڵĪ֣һϢ
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һѧⶼܹҵģĪϢĪֿ㣬ҼǵлеܵãǲĪǿ׼һ£ĪֵĵܵļѧɣҲܹѧһ£պ˵ҲһΪհ׼Ī˵
Īԣ˫˲һհ˵֮ǰԺĪĪһѧѧϰֻĻҪѧӸһѧ֮УбȽϺʵģĵǰıһ¡


ڰʮ йͽ
Ȼ˲ٰ÷ۺ÷£Īӷǳеһϣ̾һ䡣
й۾˿֮ʮʱ䣬ĪӻصɽһֱڣûκһɽҹЩûٳʲô⣬µйۣѾЩɽĪ֮ǰѾЩˡ
й仧ˣڱ˵һ£صҲЩ棬й۵ĵʿ׿ףй۷棬ҲҪԼڱصЩѣȫǾľɣЩ£˵ֻ־ܽС¶ѣƬطԭ֮ħֱּٵ̫ˡԭݵȱйأݵĵ޸飬Ҳ᲻ϵࡣ
Īӣ⼸оһԵƺ֮⣬Լûʲôˣܹе÷£Ŀա
֪ʦڤôˣʲôʱܹĪĿ͸Ҷεգȴ÷֪ڤô
뵽÷Īʶһ飬Լʮ꣬磬Ѿǳˣºӹ壬ԼͬЩӣвѾɼҵЩԼĺӶˡ
Լʮ꣬ǻʳĵһپʮһ꣬ȥˣʳѾһپʮˣζֻʱ䣬˻Ĵ޾Ҫˣʱ򵽵׻Ķ˭˵
ʱ䣬һͨ˵̵ʱ䣬Ƕ˵ȴȽ϶ݵʱ䡣
ôݵʱ䣬ĪҲ֪ԼΪܹ٣ܲӦԼĶ
Ҫ콫СһﰲŽټɣܹѧδҲһԼԱֻ֮ǲ֪ӸİټɣڵһңûȷеϢĪ뵽ӣɽȥհ״һ¡
һ·ɽܿӰسǣոսӰسǣĪӾͷӰسǿյģ˶֪ܵȥˣֵԵ̴ˣմؽֽСڶûӰ
ʶس֮һɨҲûзЩ˵Ӱżżҵ̣Ļһ޾ɵģĪ֪ЩӦûʲô⡣
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Ī֣ãһͬǰͷհһĪӣ̶Ī˵
ʲô飬Ӱص˶ȥĶˣĪԣʵ
߱˵ɣհ׻شȻתͷȥ
ĪӸհ׵ߣհһһ߽͵йͷͽ׼һͯʮ꣬պֻҪܹʮ֮ǰܹʽǽӰصİգԼĺȥˣʣҲȥˣ
ĪԣͻȻ뵽ԼҲСʱ򣬱÷ΪͯȻ֮·ġ
һӰصĺӣй֮гΪͯĪͻȻһԼѾǰ˵Ĵ
йͽҲôææϹȥɣô˵Ҳһ֮ǲǱ߳ʲôˣĪӿհ׼Ҵҵӣٴοʵ
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հǻʳĹԱѧϰҲǰټ֮ѧ˵ʳ֮мйԱǰټҳֻôһЩˣߣȻҪȥϵ
ټɣκһԼܳĵڳ֮ϣ˵ټɣǻʳԱĴ֮հʳĹԱòǰȥӭӣΪϵĵӣҲʱӡ
һ·ͷĪӾͿһƬɽ˺ľѾ𽥱ԽԽֵͷ켸˸ʵʵĸĸԼĺӣԱ߿ֵˣ˵ض˸ˮйͨõάֳûбûҡ
й۵ĵվȺ룬ڼһĺӣǵߣѾʮӵĸĸԼĺӣһϲɫվȻЩǱѡϵġ
ĪӿЩҳͻȻҡҡͷЩҳһϲɫɲ֪ȵպǵЩУܹ뵽֮·ģҲеһֶѣԲеȫ
йôĵͯҲֻѡʲģΧһ£֮£һЩɹġ
Щʮ֮ûгɹĺӣǿѡɽӴ˹ƽ˵ƾйѧ֪ʶҲܹɽ֮һơ
ɽܹ֮ʱȻСôпܾͻᱻǽϴ󣬽пΪһɢޣɢҲôġ
հ׵ĵڳά̸հ׿һ·ͽйˣҲͣеĹ
ˣй۸ͽһˣհǰ
ؿǱͻȻ˵հȻһģ΢ЦŻһ˵
ˣ˻ͷһЩӣͷת²հ˵⡣
հ׵ݣй۵ȫʦųѾˣǵӰ㣬صǽϵӣԶհһҪ
飬Ͳŵæµˣɣհײ֪Է˼ֻڶݵĽ֮󣬶ŶԷ΢Цͷֱվͷͣŵĵط
ˣհվ˲õʱ䣬ͻȻ
ĪӸհ׵ߣһƽˮ棬ų˳̽飬ûзκδֻٽ
Ī΢΢ӣƽӴˮ棬һ˲䣬ĪӾԼĸ֪ƺͺˮΪһ壬ڷλñȽԶĵطһӰˮдУٶȷǳĿ졣
Īٴ̧ͷѾܹһӰζ
ÿ죡Ī˫һУӰٶ֮죬йˮ棬Ȼһ˿ûн
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ֽĪЩɵĳԼղſٶȷǳİӰȻһֽ
հ׿ĪһۣĵͷȻС˵ӦҵҵǰעһҪʧľٶ
˵֮հ΢΢ֽͬʱڵѧհףǰӭ
հ׻һ䣬ֻǰֽһ׹⣬â̼ʧȻӰͷϣһʿ磬ݿʮ꣬ȫ´ŷǳĵ壬ͷһ˿ë
ѧݡãˣλʿڳ֮ǳհһȻֻհһ
ǰһհѧΪټ֮ˣʸܴһ񣬺һհ
ңȻǣĪӿһĻжλʿһǳĵһӡ


ڰʮ 
ݡλʿڸհйһ֮һԵĪӸҪ񣬾ͼݺͻȻ֮ɫһ䣬հ˵
ҲǰټѧӣΪһ֮Ϊ˲ôİվ£ڴˣֻΪӭҶˣ
Īһǳ⣬˿հףʱԼͱȽϺá
λˣɲ˲ǽбڴͽԷˣ
ĪһڣݺͬʱĿ⿴ĪһۣвµǱصĵ٣ȻȺ֮һۣȺΧ֮Ум۵ˣԼİգԼĺӣ֪ĪӴԷ顣
˶һۣȻͬʱٴհʩ񣬡Ҷδ򣬴ˣʧ֮٣ˡ
λˣˣͼ˳棬˭Ҳģ̸֮˵˵ӣλǰΣհԣ¶ǫ͵΢ЦȻǳĻ񣬶˵
ã˵ͷĿ䵽Īӵϡ
λӦǱصĵٰɣɷһͬǰҶһЩ飬һ£֪ɷ񷽱㣡
λ룬ȻǷģδλǱصĵ٣Īӣλƺҵ־ͺáĪЦһ
ȵĪӼ뿪ԭͽй֮УǸߵһߣȻ˲ֻ֮صȺУЩӵʣͷ飬ȴѾϢͻйۡ
Ӱص֮УĪֱ壬ڽ̸հˣĻһˡ
ĪڸоЩ̫ڣƽʱհദȻհҲǱ񣬵ĪȴûиоʲôʣǽλĪӸоԼһһƺ˵Ƥӵ£ô򵥵½̸ĪӾúЩ̫ȻһҪŤ壬ЩСĳ嶯
ͺǰѧʱʦ潲ΣǻƲסԼһЩС
հ׵Ǻǰλ̸÷ǳ죬ڽϣǶհ˵ѾһֱˣΪֹҵλκεë
ڽ̸һ֮Īһţоλհ׵ҵѧˡ
ǽ̸˺һ֮ݺһԵĪӣʼѯĪӹӰصĸ飬صĵòԼָֹȵ¡
Īķ֣ر˵ֹʱλʵĸϸ
Ž̸һʱĵͷĪӹл
лĪӵ󣡡
Ī΢Ц˵λһЩ˾֪ѡ
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հ׵ĻĪ֪ΪʲôŹˣոңҪ֪ǰټ֮һңʲôʱӰôˣйڴ˹ۣŰټѧɽĪӲòɣѵӰʲôҪ
ȻּʺСһССسǣô¡
ֵʱӭӹɣҾͻȥúˣˣĪվ׼Ҫ뿪
ҪżĪֺαôߣͲȥλϵȻļеĵܡðλ£һ£հ׽סĪӣһɸֵı顣
Īԣ﷭˸ۣһ︹ڵַˣʼԼȤղŴһԼֲڣѾհ׵ԲŻĻԼ
лһˣиĸʵˣҪǵܵð뵽λ£Ժ¶񷨣¼ĸĸЩϰߡĪĪĪҲհ񣬼ĸĸĪĪʱ򣬽ǺεȵĲϰߣʱԼСһദҲоܰɡ
ȻⲢǻҲãֻЩ˶İˡ
תհ׻ӻӣĪӷǳľˣ뵽հ׻ҪӴһټɣĪﻹȥ˼
ҵչֵֽĪӴ۽硣
Ԧһֽ˷ˣһԼ޷֣Լ̽飬ڶԷ֮ǰֲ˶Է
ټɣԾиԵҲͬʱΪԵ˸ԲֶͬΣ޷䱾죬ȴ˸Сӣı߽磬Լˮı߽磬ߺͰټѧӣǵֿˮ
ĪҲʶһ°ټҵֶΣͬʱҲԼĵܵѡһ£ǰһɱȽϺʡ
ȵڶգĪΣȴûѡɽΪվɽϣͿһֻ޴ľ񣬷ɵӰصϿգǱ֪İټһҡ
칤ѧɣ⵹һѡ񣡡ĪӿֻӰسǵľ˫۲΢΢һ
ĪĪСһżĽ֮£ںܶණǿҵĺĺ֪Сһܹ칤ѧɣһѡ
Ī֪칤ѧóؿ֮ѧɵǡ֪¡ڰټ֮УҲǰλܹѧˡ
Ψһĵֻ㣬һСһܲܽ칬ѧɣڶ칤ѧѧһǮĺ֣Լܹܲ⡣
ڣһǳտĴ֮УԻڴĵذϣΧĹ߷ǳĻ谵
ͷɢңϲûκε˺ۣȴ΢Ĳϵĺ⣬Ҳڲϳ鴤š
Ϊʲôǲ˵α˾ǿֻҪܹɣĳ𣬲ͿԺɱһ˳ؽϾԲΪһɢޣܾһ˵飡֮УһλڵĳվԻǰɫЩ̵˵
ųϣ˵ˣԻлл㣬㵽ʱ򣬻ܹǵúʦĽ飬ǰ˵ʦҪɣûôףȵʦȹٳɣ¶Ҫ֮˰ɣҵȲôãʦҲȲôãԻѵ̧ͷվǰλڳϣϼһѿЦݣ˵˵ԻٴαĻǺųġ

Իڴ֮лصվǰͱڵĳϣҲֻ̾һȻת뿪ˡ
Ҫ߳ʱչ˷ź
½ףҪְ취õ벿ּ֮ʲôֶΣ㾡ʹɣ
λϽŲһ٣̾Ϣһ˳ȥ
ˣһֺܸӵĶھԵĺ˻߻ˣֻʱվĽǶȲͬͬ鲻ͬôĲͬ


ڰʮ ټ
Īȫû뵽ӰصİټѧɣԶԶֹҺ칤ѧôңô࣬û뵽ǣհһȻֱӰ˴Լɽˡ
ڲжϵһȺˣĪӸе΢ЩգԼ÷֮׼Ĳ߲ûа취дôˡ
ԣĪҲ׼ˣת߽֮У׼һЩˮ΢ϴһ£װụ̈ȻԺУӡ̳ʮľպһľǽĪӲľǽѹڼľϣһЩªӣˣʣµЩľգ͵ǵðɣ
ЩϹϣհһȺˣ÷۵ſڡ
Ī֣ղĪֲҪ֣վĪӣһżªľհЦ˵Ц֮һֶóѵĶȤζ
ֵȻǻӭأ֮˵οִôͣҲ⺮ԣ÷ĪӣλĪЦŶհ˵ȻĿתȺˣǹһ
Ⱥ֮лռݺöˣٿˣǰټɡ
кЩ£ĪԴǸ˵ªƽʶҲδ׼ʲôдλֻЩɽĹϹλʣ÷÷ڸл㲻λƷ
Ī֣Ҹһ£ݺѾʶˣλ칤ѧɶԶǱҵġհʱվհһһˡ
ȵհ׽꣬ĪӷԼССɽ÷ۣ쾹Ȼӭ˰ټ֮ôѧɡ
֮ǰԼѾ֪Һ칤ѧɣĻаټеıҡũҡļҡҡ¼ҡҽңһ˸ѧɣкüǰټǰУΪƵѧǵѧ˵ܵչ㷺ͬ
ף÷Ȼ̺࣬ȴΪͣ壬֮˺׶кôҿڸоѣʵİټˣũҵһһŮλŮڳ÷ǰ΢΢һڳһ䡣
ȷʵǲŮһũҵƺ̫˵ʱҲͷһ䡣
ĪԣЦſڵ÷Ȼ̺֮࣬£Ҳֻ÷һݶ
һ䣬ָźԺ÷˵÷ʦ÷ͨ÷ϵʮѪղͨ÷Щƽ
ĪӲûвҴţΪ÷ȻһЩֵʵҲ㲻϶ô÷ԶԶ磬Ȼõ˭̰÷۵÷Ӱصİն֪
ȻΪ컯ĽʦֶΣũƻľ֮֮ͬũҵĶĪ˵꣬붼һ
ȻãǶũ˵ǶЩΪܹͣݼڵĶȴӸȤ
ܷҶˣ뿴һ÷λũҵŮӿڵڵȤѾȫˣû뵽ιȻջ
λ룡ĪӴ󷽷һơ
˼ͬ⣬ҵȿɷһͬǰȥۿһ£ټ֮УļҵλһҲڵҲûʲô˼һȥ
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÷ǰũҵĶ֮⣬Ҳûокβͬ޷Ǳͨ÷ԸߴһЩѡ
ũҵλǸһ÷ԣס´ͬʱ÷ϣ֮˵⡣
ʱ䣬÷ϲŸոտʼҹҪ컹µʱ䣬ǵũҵλ÷ʱĪӷϵĹʵȻʼۿɼٶȳɳ̶̼֮䣬ϵĹʵȻѾˡ
⣡ĪӿũλһۣϵĹʵѸٳ죬ȴûиˡ
תĪҲһ⣬ѸٸӦ÷ı仯
ֲĹʵ죬ֶĪҲܹľһ˺֮ľпܾͻʹ˿ήȥ
ĪȻ֪λũҵԼķִ磬ᵱԼ˼ҵ棬÷£÷÷Ѫ̽һ£ܹġ
΢Ӧһ£Īӷ÷ûбǿдʵ֮Դƺʢˣ񻹻˲Сĺô
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÷µؾȻЩ۾ˤϡõ÷¡
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Īհ׵Ļ񲻽΢΢һũҵĹ֮ŵģ÷ǰҲũֲ֮һܹĸ꣬÷ԼķЧơ
Īӿʱ÷øӸߴˣԵÿһƬҶɫôɫΣɣҲ͸¶΢΢ɫ
ϵĹʵһγ죬һȴû£͹ϣɢ˵Ĺ㡣
λũҵջƣתͷĪ˵ʦţ֪úֶΣȻ׳÷ıԴ˼ϲ΢΢ʩչһЩֶΣҪ֣
λĻλСǵ˱˻ԣĪЦ˵
̧Ī÷һץ÷ժ£Ȼ͵ڳ˵ߡ
λƷһ£⾭λũ֮÷
кһĪӱ㽫һ÷Уҧһڣ¶Цݡ
ڵ÷֮ǰڸбøˣ̺Ѿһֲˡ
÷Чñ֮ǰǿȶʳ֢֮ҩϣãҽҵһλԼĺӣǳĿе÷
ɿڣʳ֮˿ڳ򣬿ǣд롶СҽҵһλҲһλŮӣͬͷ˵
ڳޣļҵλһۣǰ÷ͻȻͬʱ֣ڿһ֡
÷ѹ֦ͣķ紵ͰԶ
пɽŴ㣬Ѱ÷˼ҡ
ʮƷʡ
Ѱ÷컯ѳ


ڰʮ ˴ô
ƪʫһλļҵ˰׹⣬д֮еʫѸٵıڿлһ档
֮ʮһþ޴÷£ͬƷ÷ĳ档
룬ȻͻȻ֮仯׹⣬뵽÷֮УĪӾͿ÷Ҷ޷ԶʼҡҷϾȻһ㵭İ׹⣬Ȼ󻺻Уʧˡ
ĪӿԸоڸղ׹֮У÷ƺַһЩ仯ǿƺһζ˵壬
лλĪȻ֪÷׵õĺôȸлһºļλӦõġ
ļҵǡĳóʫʸ踳д˽£ǰټ֮еһңܹʫչֳͬ߱ͬá
ղλдһʫεĳʣȴǳӦͬʱںļҵ֮£÷ֻ˺ô
Ǻǣ޷ҲһʱиУдµһ״ʫҲáλũҵԼĺ룬ЦǺǵ˵
Լղдʫˮ׼ȷһ㣬ҪʤӦرϣԲʫչֳЧʫģǲ⡣
ĪھãԼڼ¾ʹհ״Űټ÷ۣû뵽ȴ÷ĺô
Լ÷ۣһ̣÷ÿ÷ǼֵԼһЩö
ĪҶһ֮飬ܷһЩ÷֦ҶũҵĶЩɵٴο˵
Ī֪Ҫ÷֦ҶûȥԲŻԼ
΢˼һ£Īӿũҵˣ˵ͷ
÷ı仯Ҳũҵˣ˵ԼҲǷһ飬Ȼ󣬵ǣȻһҲ÷÷֮¶һݶˣҲ˽ˣҲũҽһԵ
֮ǰĪӵ뷨Լĵܹܵ칤ãǽӴũҵֶΣĪӾãҪԼĵܹܵũңҲʧΪһѡ
ĪӵͷũҵĶλϲ̶Īӵл
лң÷ʦѪֻǿ֮ĪЦ˵
ʦͽТ˿ν֮Ҳд˹պܻݼ壬νҲͣһֱû˵ĵ¼ҵλʱ˿ˣĪӵ˵ͷĿɽǸ÷á
гһѰߣɽ÷׳뿪֮÷ǰĿ̶һڵһĿ̶֮һ⣬÷֮С
лĪһ񣬶һķر֮þû
¼ңڰټ֮еĵλЩ⣬һ¡֣һ򵥵ġ¡֣Ӧȥ⣿
ԽΪƷ¡£ҲԽΪƵ¡£Ľ¼ѧɣһŰټѧɣ¼߶ѧͨԻƷ
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ټѧɣ¼ѧӾٵѧ֮һҲеλΪѧɡ
˶е¶Ҳҵ¼֮һλ¼ҵһ֣ǰѰ·ɻصУĪ˵
Ҫлʦڤδ飬ֻٴ񣬸лĪԣλ¼ҵһ֮󣬽ص÷ǰżªǰ£ֽ÷ϴ󲿷ֵĹʵժ£Ʒ
ԭũλֶκ÷Ŀڸк̺Ѿ൱ˣɾļλижһ״ʫ֮ϵЩ÷ڸкЧȻһ̨ףоȻһ˼ܹ֮˼άԾҽҵλ˵Ǻͯ÷ܹ֮Чúӱø
һƷ÷ͬʱĪӿʼ˽Ӱصķ飬ҵλӴʱĪӷǶֹЩϢȤؽЩⷽĶ
Īӽ֮󣬰ټ˶ͷĵֲҪˣĪλصٵĿУǿѸ˽⵽֪Ķʡʱ䡣
ʱҲˣҵҲ˵ãʹ˸ǰɣ֪ԼҪ֪ĶҲɽôãʱɽˣټ֮б˿ڵ
ԣҲ½վȻǴɽˡ
ĪӼ״Ҳվũҵλ˵λղŲȡһЩ÷֦Ҷɣ
λũҵԣ÷ǰһóһˮƿ滹װһЩˮ˴ȡϸ֦۶֮ˮУٴĪӵͷл
׼ͰټҸλɽ֮ʱҽλеһλڶĪ˵˼ҽд÷۵÷ڲ֮¼֮Уʱһڵ
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ĪڶǣǽԼڼлõĺôѾ࣬û뵽⼸λ֮ǰȻ֮ϲ
ĪӸл֮׼ͼλɽʱͻȻҡҡ칤ѧɵ⼸ҵˣɫ΢΢ЩΡ
Ҫ˼ĪӾ⼸λ룬ǺѧһͬũԼ÷ĸ죬žǺļҵλижһƪʫģ÷һ̨ףе¼ҵλҲһôھҽҵλҲҪһ
һļѧɵо΢ЩȻˣͬĴȴûи˼һЩôôҲеΡ
ռλĵɽҰСԣԭдλȴû뵽˸λôĺôʵǳϻ̳Ͽ֣ǧٱʲôˣλʲôľ޵ˣĪӿЦ˵
һԵհԣҲͬЦſڣĪδ̫ˣѾôĺôʲôҿҪлˣ˸λ֮ˣպ÷ۣ÷ϵ÷Բܶģ
հ׺ĪӵĻ˵꣬ڳλЦҡ칤ѧɺҵȼλϵ֮ɫҲʧˡ
հ׺ͼλɽĪһֱ͵ɽ£ͣ½Ųתص÷ۣȻ÷¡
ѾøӲ÷Īӽʣµ÷ժ£ϸķźãȻЦ
ǵ˴ô
ӽ÷÷ֵΪһַǳҲΪ÷۵һݵ̣ڤе÷Ҳһݲ֪ĺô֮Լջջ񲻿νǲ


ڰʮ ƫִ
տĴ֮УڶĹâҫ£ڵһɼȻʵûЩâڴ֮еˣûκεӰ졣
ǲԸ˵ΪʲôҪôǿѾŵ㣬ܹɣͻ屨ģ½׿ǰڵϣ˲٣ȴɾǿԻ˵
ԻԣĿضǰ½ףɫЩ԰ףȴƺøӼᶨˣ˵ǣƫִ
ʦ㲻ҪƭˣȻӲôҾԲɵʦ̹ңԶҪѳ뽻˵ΪĻѾˣԻĿ˵
ûбҪƭ㣬ƭĻһʼƭˣȥݣҲˣԷиˣҲǶֻ֣ҳɣܹ屨𣡡½ױû˿ı仯ĿضǰԻ߶һȫûκε֡
˵ײһ𣬱˴˶ŶԷƺϣܹӶԷпʲôԻ½׵Уƽ½Իƫִ
ʮԻͻȻһЦȻ󿪿˵һʦˣӦû˵ٻʦ̹㲻֪һ˵٣ǾضŶԷ۾ԷĿ֮˸ôһ飬п˵ٻ
½Ի仰ϵıͻȻɶһ˿Ȼ󿪿ʵôڣ԰Ѻ벿ֵļ֮˰ɣ
Իҡҡͷٴζ½׵˫ۣȻ˵ʦ˵ҴԼáҰ°벿ֵļ֮ʦҪϼʱ䣬²ܽڼΣȻҪʱ䣬ܹȽٳɣңʦ͸ұ֤Լһܳ𣬹֮µߣж٣ʦҲǳɣ
һܳɵģȻʦܹɣֻҪĵ·Ҳһܳɣһܹڷ󣡡½ٴֱԻ˫ۣǳ˵֮˵ļᶨ
ڵʦˣһλɢ֮ʣնɽٳɵĸˣֻϧɽٳ֮󲻾ãǰߣţôڣӹþԱҪ
ڴеʱ䲢ֻһǧٶ꣬½װձ˵˵ͽһ
½ûм˵ķɣΪڵĵӣȴһֱλʦĴ˵½׷ǳλ΢ĩʦͬʱҲǳϧԷ̫硣
ʦĵ;ȥʦδɵĵ·ڷ
ڴ֮ʵֻ״ӣȻܶλ֮ȴǷֱ𴫸ӣ½һ̳еģļ֮һ̳еļ֮
ڵǸʱֻλ̰ãԲŻὫļֱ֮𴫸ӣԼҲ뵽Լ֮󲻾ãȻͻ䣬ԭӣڸеķ֮һĴУȻֻڱ֮нڡ
ȻĹܿ⣬ĵһλܺߣ¾ǰ½ˡ
½׵Լʦ˵ҪɹɵĽѷǳѣʦ˶ɽʱе϶Ϊһʹ÷ܴ˳Ķɹ֮٣˵ǿԻϵġ
ԣ½ײŻļ֮ôִţԼǳ֪֮Լʦ֮ţƾԼܳŷļ֮һԻϣʹ֮
ʦԳ֮٣ҲҪϣƾܶȹԼû֣ܹаնȹ
ʦܲܳɣԼ飬ҪֻǱѣʦұҰļ֮㣬ô򵥡Իȫ½ôģֻ֪ԼҪʲôܹʲô㹻ˡ
½׵ı»ָԻһ̣ͻȻЩĽˣ֪Իһֱĸ࣬ȴû뵽ԻȻΪһ
ʵԻС½һʼǴûзģʲߣʦƾԻʣܱš
֮£Ѿȥ壬Ǵԡʡֶθ˵ʵ½׶ǱȽ͵ġ
֮½׸оԼʶԻˣΪһѾȥ壬ԻȫϧԼұֳ˾˵ԡ
֪ģûг֮ǰҲܰ屨𣬱ϾϵӣǸĪӣӳ̶ȳҵڣɣڴϣ½׼ڵ
ȻʦͲð׷ѿˡԻ˫һգֱӱտڲˡ
Ի½ײû뿪Ҳվԭأû˵
֮ͻȻһƬţֻ΢΢ĴϢʾˡ
Ȼô뱨ǲҸһᣬԱΣ֪˶ã½һο˵
۾ԻȻ˫ۣ½ס
ҿԸһᣬԼȥֻˣ㽫ḶܴĴۣܷɹյĽǻɢֻأ㣬Ը𣿡
ʲô᣿ԻĿⶢ½׵Ȼʵ
Ϊ񾳽磬ֻһȫһսĻᣬ֮ͻǻɢ½׿Ի˵
Ļᣬ㲻ԸĻͼļ֮һİ취ҵ׵ֶζɽٳɣ
ãҴӦ½׵Ļһ䣬Ի̿ˣû˿ɵľʹӦ
ӵվƫִĹâ½֪Լö˷
ǺãúôϢָһԼ״̬ȥ׼׼ϣسŵȻΨһһȫһսĻᣬܻܿ˷ҵϡ½ֶԻһӣһϣԻеĽ⿪Ȼת˳ȥ
֮½׻ʱ󻹸һλڵĳϣлһЩ
ԻһΣڣü½ѯһԻ
ҲڣһҪΪʦֱ𣡡Ին˵
Գϣ鷳ˣ½תλϵ˵ͷԷǰһŵĶԻǰ
һ񾳽׻ڵѪ⣬㽫ЩȥȻһʩչҵСͨںڵѪ⣡λ񾳽ĳ϶Ի˵
ԳϣԭˣԻԷȻͻȻЦһ£ץǰĶٽͨ븹УȻǰλԳһЦ
ЦʱϻմѪЩɲ
ʼɣѾȲˣ
λԳ۽ǳ鴤һ£ǰԻаԣĪѾħ˰ɣ


ڰʮ 
ɽȥɣ÷۲;ĵط֮ǰѰΪصĵ٣岻ݴǣֻ̤;ȥ羰֮ɣ
ɽ÷ۣĪӴԻ֮У߰˸ʿȻȰ
ЩʿһͷӦȻתȥĪҡҡͷ
ѾЩˣԴհټѧɵɽ󣬺ļҵλ÷ʫ֪ôģӰشˡ
ڰټѧ֮Уļҵĵڶ࣬ӰرصУҲм壬ѧںļ֮ѧ
ӰƽҲû̫֣ѵһΰټɵɽ÷һʫģҲӰȦ֮Уһ£úܶʿǰհͷ顣
ɽΧԻ󷨣Щ̤УԻһУձĪӷִɽȥҲԻѵ÷һιЧ
ЩߣĪӾãʿɶֹˣѾȺˣԼȥģ˻ǱȽϺӵģԺӦҲᷢˡ
֪ٹһʱ䣬ӰصȦ֮У᲻ƪд÷ʫʡص÷֮ĪӿһۺԺ÷ͻȻЩȤ
÷ԣĪӽִ÷ϣڵתԼ÷Լķţʼ÷
պũλĽĪӷԼƺЩС÷ַš
÷ַţȻЧƺȲũҵĹ֮˲Ϣ֮䣬÷˽̥ǵı仯÷ַţȴһũҹ֮ҲȲϵŵ㣬Ǿ׳÷ıԴ
˵÷ʮŬ÷ĳɳޣũλĹ֮÷ﵽɳޡ
ֶξ˵÷µַţδƳһȻǱȲũҵĹ֮ǴӳԶǶ÷ķţܹƳһܱ֮Ҫ
Ȼܹ໥ϣǾǸáĪЩ̰Ĳ
Ī÷ʱͻȻ֮䣬ʶ֮еǵ첻⣬ųǰδеҫ۹âĪʶ
ô£ͻı仯ĪӸͷԣ̽ջأ÷£ʶʶ֮У鿴ǵ첻
Īӵʶʶǵ첻⣬âƺڱԽԽԼ֮䣬ĪӸ֪ǵ첻УһĲϵϣƺںϳһơ
ѵ첻֮УҪһˣĪӹ۲ڲϵķģͻȻ
ʵһ֮ǰݵĵõ޲֮ʱʶ֮е첻ͲһЩ仯Լ֮䣬ƺҪһơ
ֻ֮󾭹һʱ䣬첻֮УȴʼûݻһƣĪʱϸ۲죬еķĲϵϣÿôһʱ䣬ķƺһЩýƱøƣʱգƺڵ˽ɵһƵʱ
ĪϸĹ۲ţһķģĿʼϵŽݻʶ֮еĹâǿʼϵ
ģĪӷʶ֮еĹâȻɫԼһʶĸо
ƺǵ޲ݵǵâĪӺܿͷӦʶĸоô£ǵݴ£޲ݵ
ԴͷӦþǺųɱֻݵ޲֮Ҳ֮ˡ
ĪͻɹԼ첻֮ͻȻֵЩģӦþͺйأпܻҪǸԼˮĹϵ
ڿϤ⣬ĪӶԼ֮ǰĲ²⣬Ѿ׵Ŀ϶ˡ
֮첻֮еķģʧˣȡ֮һ֯͵Ľơ
Īӹ۲ǵոγɵĽƣоƷǳĸӣַǳļ򵥣ӵԭƵķģൽʤԼһʱ֮޷ֱ˵򵥵ԭĽṹȻǷ֮еĽһǵɷĹɵġ
һ֮еĽƣֻҪĵĴܹɣͨɢޣҲܹƳ
ڷ֮ϵͲô򵥵ˣÿһƱ˴ںϣܹγɣһŵ֮ŵҲһֵںϣγɷ֮еıϻɽ
Ī첻֮γɵĽƣȻһ򵥵ĽƣĪ̳еĲǰУĽƣ鱦֮еģ֮Ϊ
û뵽첻⣬ƺݻΪ鱦Ŀܣȷ֮Ī΢еЩ⡣
ԭΪ磬ӦһصĹ첻⣬Ҫ³Ϊһ鱦һǳѵ£ֻеȵպԼΪˣбȽϺ÷ڿ첻磬ҲȻųɳΪ鱦Ǳʡ
ʶ֮첻Ĺâ׵ֻǺ֮ǰȣһɫĹâӯӯˮ⣬ҫԼʶ
ĪӸоɫĹâƺһֻٶȣ׳ԼʶȻ̷ǳĻϸȴһϵĹ̡
˫ۣ÷վȻŸӦԼԺ֮е첻⣬Կ˵һ֮Լܷ첻
ʶӴǵ첻⣬Īӷ֣ԭûзӦ첻⣬ԼʶӴ֮УȻһ㷴Ӧ
Ŵ첻֮еǵһ˲䣬ĪӷԼڵһ̷ıߣȻţĪϱһ֡
֮УĪӸоԼϵÿһ·ˮУһţƺôһСȵ
ǵһϵܿɢˣĪȴǳĻȣһϵһ⣬̶ܴǸǿӵܹ֮ܡ
ģʵ˳Բ̶̼ĪӾͷԼڵѾ߰˷֣ԼСͨĻҪأ书ЧãҲʲô
ƽһԼ飬Īӻص֮Уʼָĵ
ٴ˫۵ʱɫѾ䰵ҹĻ١
Īߵ棬÷ָӦһԼʶ֮е첻⣬⼸췢£ͻȻ֮ãԼʱ̫ˣ¶ٹһʱ䣬ȵӸټѧµѧԺɣԼĵܵãܹѧĻֽһ¡
뵽Īӵ΢΢תͷգԽԽϲˡ


ڰʮ 
Īڵ׻ָ֮ĪӾһμͷų⣬Ŀ굱ȻǺԺ÷
ЧĪѾˣܴ֮ı仯ˮϸ˺ô˲̥ǵı仯ȴѭûκθõġ
ҲĪӵΪߣʶ֮첻Ȼ۳˵һȴʵ嶼δݻܷӳǿ߱Ҳǿ
Լʶ֮첻һƵĪȡһ򵥵֣ͽˮ⣬ԼҲĳƺ
ھˮ֮÷øΧ·۳һ㵭ө⣬ϸһͻ֣ᷢһɢϸСˮ
ɢܾ֮ãһϸСˮȴһֱûɢһʱ䶼ˣĪҲеЩȡ
÷ʮپũλ֣֮źļҵĶλʫһף˼֮ټĪڵˮ⣬÷֮Ѿ˿ڴ׶ӣһ˿â¶
һ㵭ˮƣ÷׺ɽĲľϾֿˣյʱ䣬ĪҲ㵭ˮһЧǾ÷ٵĳɳˮˡ
ȵ÷˹ζһζ۲켸Īӳ׷Ҳͬʱ뵽
Īӵǰ˵Ŵ֮ˣܽĴҪأ֮ΪƵط¡
֮Īû˵ôãĪӶ˵˵ȫͬҲǷǳеġ
ԼֻǸͨɢ޳ԼܹõóֵġơΪٵĻʳ÷ˣ÷ԽԽ죬Ī۷ĸо

ڣǼտĴʱڴ֮У½׺λڵĳվһĿⶼԻڵҷҵĽ˶Ϊ
ģԻҵĺУȻһЩ仯ԭȻĶһЩ·ͺ޵Ƥëϵ֣ҿŻʼֳּϵϢҲЩŹ֣Ѿһˡ
˺һӣԻ΢ڵķҲСˣվĿǰ½׺Գϡ
˵ԳϵСͨǳĹ죬ܹ˻û뵽Բ飡ԻĿڣ֮ǰȫͬӵĴֺ񣬶дһ˿
˵仰ԻͷԼ壬ԭϵʱȻСһأҽıϣ¶ֺȲȻһ㵭ɫë
Լ°ͣԻŨܵĺ룬ȻͬʱҲ֣ԼƺҲ˲٣··ڵ֮УҲһЩİĶЩͬʱһ˿ȡ
ѾܹǼסֻһȫһսĻᣬ֮Ҳںϵ׻ڵѪ⣬Ȼûа취ȫں׻ѪʩչʱҲܹõԳϿƺǳԻ˵
ˣԳϣȳȥɣһеºԻ˵½׿ڣԳ˵
Ļһ䣬ԳϾ̵ͷת߳˴ڳȥ֮½Žա
տĴ֮Уٴʣ½׺Իˣ½׿ڴԼ仯ԻƽĿڵ
ҳŵѾˣ벿ּ֮أ
Ի̧ͷ½ף˫ͫ׾ȻѪɫ֮ƺ׼ʱ˹ȥ½˺Ƭǵƽ½ʱͻȻ¶һЦݡ
ȻʦҪģȻʦģ°벿ּ֮ҲʦǿŻͩУʦȥˡ
½ԣת߳˴֮У˲ʱʱ䣬»ص˴ֻжһȻԻṩĵطѾóˡ
е½׿ԻȻ󿪿˵һ㵹ûˣʲôУҲ
һ˵ţ½һгһö䶪Ի
ȥƾϵܿͻᱻʳķȷ֣ʱҪ˵ǱˣֻķݶˣöϢֻҪ㲻ȫ֣ͲᱻʳķȲȫһսʱҲòˣ
ԻӴ½׶ףղ½׳ȥûҵǸ򣬿ԼòһԼ뿪ڣȴԼľǻʳ׷
һ뵽⣬Ի˫ͻȻøˣ½׵ò
סԼǵҪȥģֻһȫһսĻᣬģҪ˷طԻӣ½׵Ŀڵ
½׵ĻԻеĺɫı䵭ʮ֮󣬻ָͫ׵ɫ
ڿ뿪𣿡ָԻʵ
ԳȥˣȲҪż뿪ţȵϵʱߣһ£뿪ŵһ֮ûʲôϸˣʲô޹أ½ԣһ仰Ȼתȥ
һȣԻȴٴ
㻹ʲô飿½ͣ½Ųȴûת
ļ֮ʵʦĻϣʦݳһ㣬ʦҪ𣿡ԻĻһ½תԻ³֡

Ҳûʲôֵֻһȥֱܷ˳𣬻һδ֪ϣʧˣʦ֮лĻܹɱ𡣡Ի˵
½׿ûеͷԼʼġ
Իȴ⣬ѾûԼĴֱӴӴ֮óһհ׵򣬽ڶͷϣϢ
Щ֮󣬿½׻һΪӣԻĸӣհ׵ڵϣȻŴ֮ȥ
ȵԻ߳½Ų֣ŵһУǸսԼУʶ̽һݣգ½׻ǽ
һ̣½ͻȻôһ˿ƺЩףΪʲôԻʦҪһƽƽˡ
ҹĻ٣ɽ֮УһһۣȫŵĸߴӰɽ֮˳ӰͷһڣȻתͷҲص뿪ˡ
ڶһ磬磬ͻȻһϢ
ڵԻ治͵͵ǱŲرңһ׻ڵ֮ҹǱӣ֪δѸ£ӼտʼʦţΪڵӣܹץ񣬴ãǮһǧöһ
Ϣ֮ڴŲΪҲݾһɢޣŻעһԼΧûμɵˣϾı꣬Ƕô˵ġ


ھʮ 
Ī̫ĺ£ʱ뵽һǰĻ˫С
½֮ʱǧҪΣΪпܻвõ֮
ĪӲ֪ⲻõʲôʱή٣ãԼϵĺ£ƺûн
ڷ֮УĪβסЦݣǰƯһīɫȣĪԼīȡ
ļ֮ô÷ĴȣڷõĲϲͬīڴﵽ׶֮󣬺ļ֮ѾԭĴһЩͬ
ԭĪӶīȵļһֱڵϣûа취ΪһƷϾԭ÷ԼƷķĪ˵û̫ߵĲοԡ
ĪԭһֱͷӦΰīƷĲΣۿʶ֮첻ĵһʱ򣬾ĥڳɹİīƷļ𣬲Ҷ֮һҲҵһȽķ
ץסƯԼǰīȣӨӨı⣬֮ǰѾǿ̫࣬Уܹܵдһ˿зǳĻ壬ͷ·Ǿѵһ㡣
īȵīɽĹ֮Уں̶֮ߣһַǳıģϱıˮľУĪ˵ĲƵķҲǺԼΪϵġ
ĪԼī֮⣬еǿųɫ飬ҲһĵƷֻĪӲ̫ϣĪ΢һ£ҲΪԭɣԼʹûа취׷ӳϾһûа취׽ӳҲȻսзӲá
֮⣬Īлǵ÷͸ĵһذ׷;࣬ҲĪʱһޡ
ǰذ˾ŵƣʮƣȻ˵ĽƺһЩۼǱǰذ׵ǱһЩӵгɳΪĿܣѾˣиһĿռ䡣
еīȣĪߵ棬Ҫһĵ֮īȵǸոߵ棬ĪͻȻ֮оΧ󷨱ˣĿⲻɽ֮⡣
ĪԭΪɽԼԴ󷨣ĿɨһۣȴûɽϷֳԼ֮κһӰ
Īӷųŷ־ʲô󷨡
һĪӽ󷨵ķرգȻһ룬ŨŨ֮УƯһ̣Īӵǰ
Īӵǰ۳һţת֮仯Σ漴һ
Īӵ֮ǰ˵Ҫ͸һ⣬ӸİټѧѾɣǰϣܹ͹⣡
һ䣬ǰӰ±һ֮еֱһһ
Īۼֿ죬סȻɢȴǺ֮ɫ
ļѧɵֽ״黹ҪܶడĪ뵽
һ̴ţֽ״ӵΣҿԴЯƷڹϣҪֽ״ӷ㡣
ȵǰɢĪӿеȴݷǳ򵥣ӸµİټѧѾɣڰ֮󣬽һε֮ͿʼʽѧӣĪǰȥ
Īӵע䵽оϣܺ񣬴ݲ١
Ī˸ط£ȲĴе
ǰټѧ֮Уҽҡũҡ̼ҵȼֱ׫һ˵һİٿȫ飬ΪֹⱾֵڣѾ˴ССϰٴεĸı࣬ѾԽԽƣԽԽܵߵͬЩţⱾҲƳ硣
ҲΪı࣬ݵԭ򣬵Ȿг鿯ʵ࣬ܶ඼Ǻǰİ汾ȻΪء
Ī֮ǰҲⱾĴհҲһҪģѾҪˣΪеһ±д
ķ棬鲻ͬǿżɽľͲݣһԵĻ
ݴ¾ǽһ£һ¼֪һһǧŰ֣жʮ֮ǰصȷѾͬʱٶ֣˵һ£һǰټеĵһٶʮһ档
ѧ˰ɣĪ뵽
ЩݵĴҴһ飬ĪӾͷݣһۣĪӾͲɵþ̾
ǰټѧеĿ
ݵĵһҳĪĲЩ֣Աߵͼ
ͼǳСȴӡҳϣȻڻתŵġ
ĪһִԼ·ڿһŶ̬ͼƬͨͼƬԱ֣봫ϢһĿȻǳĳԼǰ
棬΢ʳ֮֮Ч֮棡
ǧζһǧζͬ书ЧҲͬ棬жأ
ʯɷãأǧ

еݣĪֻԼ۽磬ԭôЩãҲڳԣкܶ಻ܷʳȴõ
ϵķеġֱ췭һʱĪڷ÷ļء
÷컯֡ͨ÷ɣлȶʳ֢֮Чǣ̺һ˼֮׶֮֮Чڸоѣ
صԱߣһССͼľ÷
ĪӲɵзǳ⣬رеۣ˵൱ĸˣƵȵԼʦ÷еҲǳĸ˵ġ
죬ĪһֱⱾ֮УⱾͷβͨһ飬ĪӲŷ֣ϾȻô๦Ч廨ţǶģǳΣյġ
µʱܿٽˣĪҲܼլɽˣȥӸ
ӰΪӸسǣôĪӻûȥӸء֮ǰҲйȥӸͷһֱȴûиʵһڿȥӸˡ
Ī׼һȥӸԼͼʻһҶֱۣϡ
ĿģǰȥӸ·ϣ˳֮̽һû֮еˮ
Դй֮Īصĵ٣ǹԽԽˣȻеСӺܲԼϾǽܹģٵְҪģҲҪӰصİ֪λԭӰصٻڣûȫйȡ


ھʮһ Ӹ
ӸΪڵӶֱͨ򽭣ˮ˷ǳȻоˮûھ޴֮£ȻвٵĴֻû
رһ֮ǰӸεӰسɨһ֮еˮӸӰԼڽܱسˮ˱øӱͰȫʹӸֻˡ
һգڿĺϣһСϣĿӸͷ
ˮĴȣС˿Ĳۣĵȴ˵Ŀ⣬ΪСжôĲʵҪ˵УĲֻ֣֮Ǿǲơ
СĴͷʹβ·Ǳôҹһ㣬ʮֵĲƣѾȱһ࣬мǳԵĿնۼǱĳҧġ
Ȼһó׵ĴȴȻˮʻҷǳƽȣϼ֮Ҳûκεˮ
ͷ֮˵Ŀ⣬Ǹվڴϵ꣬ΪǷǳһҴ֮ԻܹʻȫΪϵǸꡣ
ĪӿѾǳͷĿⲻɨţźĴͷڶĿ๤вЩŹֵ뵽
㲻ˣ
ĪǴģԭĴ㣬һСӰͷ˵Ŀ֮£̤һСֱ˳ϡ
ʱͷϺܶ˿һĻȫǷǳΪ֪ĪӵҪԼݴȥʰЩˮˡ
ʱĪӺ÷Щ˵Ӱ֮УѾȥȶȣΪֵģй۵ĵǡ
Ī³֣ǰ֮Ͻ¼ֱ𣬱ϾĪӰرصӵܣļҾºӹ壬ͷ๤ЩˣһЩĪӵĸĸʶűӵݣȻҲά
Ī뿪Ӱصͷ󣬹Īӵһ̤۽¼ѾӰشˡ
ĪӳڣѾȥһһҹʱˣٶȶԱ룬Ĳ죬ĪʻСƵģѾ˵Ī·ʲô
ûеˮ֮УˮĿȷǶ˲٣֮ǰĪĵطʵãǼھСĪ־ʰˣģǿӸһΣĪֻ꾳ˮһսŸģ
ֻˮĪȴһ㶼ΪֻˮϣĪջҲС
նɱֻˮ֮ĪӵõĲֻˮѪ⡢ڵֻˮĶѨ֮Уҵ˼ĲϣԼһЩƽ鱦ΣЩӦЩɥˮֵ֮ˡ
ںֻˮս֮УĪҲһ½ΪƷīȵȫﵽԼڴֵ˲١
ʻŽ²ƵСĪӽĿͷڴӴͷ֮Ī̧̤ͷ
˫뿪˴ĪСɢܵͷһۣĪӱתͷȥת뿪ͷ
ȵĪ뿪֮ͷϵ˲ſʼ
˭ӦǸˣҴӣˮ˰ɣһ๤һ߰еĶһ߶Ե˵
˵ˣ˵˼ͱ㻹ָˣһ㶼ղϵġԱ߰˶Ŀ๤ԣҲЦ˵һ䡣
ĪӵĵǵֻһСܹΪǲ෹̸ʶѡ
뿪ͷ֮Ī˳ŵ·һ·ǰߣͬʱĿⲻסҴӸķ⡣
ӸͷӰزͬͷʵѾӸ֮ˣ߳ͷһгһȥͷܶ߶Уǳķ
м֮еƷԿĿֻˮеʣϵĹϹЩոմͷжĻеľֱ˵˴˴м֮ѡ
ĪӻȺ֮УȤĿһ̯λƷ˼Ķѯһ
λմӾ˹ľӣɼұξֻҪһӡ
µزƽ⣬ҪҪһ

Īһţǲסкһֻû䵽һ룬ĪоͶһЩ
ƽ⣬ζ治壬֮仹һֵ绨𣬴һЩȥĸСһﳢһ⾵Ҳĸ׻ĪһȥĪһţгŸոµƽ⣬ŻȥҪĸСһЩ
߶ڽ֮ﲢôأĪӸողˮһЩ֮ǰ㲻
һ·ߵмľͷĪһ̤ǰһӿĴߵǰɷǳ֣Ṇֵ̀ʳסȫУ¥Ҳֱֵࡣ
Īһһ߿Щ֮Ķмϵĸ࣬ҿҪӵľ
Щ̵ľͷһƬӣİձڴˣƬûʲôɫ
һ·ǰУ˼֮ĪһǳĴϡ
Ĵǳ࣬·ϵҲ࣬ȴ·ʻ
ǰȻ칤ѧɵľ
ľ֮⣬Īӻ˼βͬĻͬͨߣǰС
·࣬ûκһ̣ȫһЩۡĪӾ֪סֵˣݿǷǸ
ܹоֵϿգʱ̶һ㷨֮ȻԾס˸Ĺע
Īû϶ͣǺܿ뿪ˣΪĪ֪Щ֮ۡУ񾳽ϵĸ֡
ֵ֮ͨĪӿ˲ԶӸĸãǰѪҺźԶܸоǿķ֮
ǸãȻע֮ϵ⣬Ī֪鱾ٹ˵ͨһ㣬񣬾λѪҺ
ĪӿʱͻȻ֮䣬дһֱ˿ӵĸоԷƺûڣָоĪӸоˡ
Ī̧ͷһգԼ֮䣬ƺһŽӰĿڴԼ
һĪӸæó˵ӡ֮ңңʩһ
һֱ֮˿̽ĸоʧˡ
еĵӡĪĵһղſǵӰһƷ飬Լֻǿ˸üۣλߣɼӸ֮ڣʱ̶Щļ֮УϻʳķȣҪӸʲô֮£̾ͻᱻ֡
ڳתһɫʱĪӸһǽŸߴ׵ĳǽгǽ֮سǵʿĪӲͷһ۳ڡ
ڻƻ֮У·𿴵Ӹķ֮⣬ڷ֮мһе飬Լڷ֮ԵѪɷӸʵʵ
һ̣ĪͻȻð֣壡


ھʮ ι
֨
ĪӴ򿪷ĴѾɫԼԶʼæµ
һ磬Ӹеˣ˾ѾʼæµرһЩӪʳС̯ģͷϵĿ๤ȣǶر磬ʼΪһƶ
ڵʱൽĪƽʱεʱ򣬲죬Ǳģ˵ҹʼĪһֱڴ֮УҲһֱ
ɫ֮ĪӾӸ֮һҿջϢطǱȽ徲ĪΪһߣĿԼ֪ǳסڿջΧ֮з飬ܹĸо
һϣĪŸڷ˴žջԶĳҹӪҵĳЦ
Դ磬ĪӴû֮УҹѾϰɽҹ徲ھȻ΢΢ЩӦ
ΪԽߵĪӣֵĶҹݵӦһ֮󣬾½뵽˴״̬һֱղš
ֲôߣϲԶȺĵطԭйֻ֮лôһԶһĨǰףĪа뵽
ϾҪˣĪӱ߳˷ţԼҪȥĿĶȥ
ӸİټѧӸĶ࣬ԭѧõľַϽĪѾ֪ôȥˣԽֱӹȥͺá
ĪӵԼĿĵصʱ̫Ѿȫů£ҫһΰѧ·֮ԡ
ˣĪӿǰİټѧãǶһȥһΰĹֹֻ˼ѹֵϣ˼͡
мķ񣬺Īķвͬ״죬ǳ
ʱʵ磬ڰټѧõſڣĪѾ˴ſмλʿվ׼ӭӵı͡
ѾһЩıͣʱ½½߽׼ټѧ֮й
ͷ˿Լûκʧ֮ĪӴӴ֮óһУȻǰȥ
ߵſڴĪӽееһλʿԷӹһۣȻ˫ֽĪӣЦŶĪӿڵлǰڣʼмʱȥ֮ģѧ֮вιһ£
ãĪЦŵ˵ͷȻенԷ߽˰ټѧ֮С
ոսӸټѧãĪӾ˶߾Ȼˮ̧ȥӳǰԶ˴ƽУʽȴͬľţĪˮǴľ֮´ġ
ߵľ֮ǰĪӷľţʽȻͬȴһͬص㣬ǾǳĺϸƬ̣ĪſһЩߣľţƺǻֻǼ򵥵ľŶѡ
Īע⵽ľŵͷһССʯдĸ֡
ͬ죡ĪȻĿתľţȻףֲľʽвͬԭΪټҵദ֮
һˣ˵ĵطͻз磬岢ǴΨһˣȴҲȻⲻ˻иָķ
ټѧɱ˴˵ķһֱڣΪҾвͬѧ˵һЩ˴˻ìܣìܱǲɱģ֮£ټѧܹ˴ǢദǾΪദһԭͬ졣
вͬвͬͬվҵĿһµģΪʢֻҪĿͳһģô±˴ִ֮ûƫͬĿǰ£ǿ԰ݵġ
̤еһţĪĿһ£·ˮˮлһЩɵε
֮Դͷֹӣһ칤ѧɣĪûзųƾˮĸ֪̽鵽·ˮСӵԴͷյ㣬ϾΪСӣ䳤ʵ
ѧ֮һСӣԽ裬ҲദۣѧڵĻӵĵ
߹ľţĪǰ˲Զܿѧ֮еһǰ֮ǰĪ濴ķصĽ֮һҲѧԺ֮У߶ߵһ
һߴĽĪȴڴţȻǳĵͰС
¥Īӿⶰϵң˳
Ȥһֻۣ֮£ǰվһλʿͣסŲĪӣԷЦ˵
ѧҪеЩʿվΪ˽Ӵλͣǰμӵıͽһ½ɵӸټѧãͬҲΪ˷ֹЩ͵ҴһЩȥĵط
ĪλʿĻǰȥǳȤȻԷ˼ԼԽȥΪβһأ
λʿͬ£ĪǸͰСţȻͷ˽ȥ
һ棬ĪӿľǶǽϵĸ֡
֪
˴Ϊ¥ѧ֮еӵޣŵ伮Լ۲֮ãĪһʿ͵
ԭǸͼݣĪʿĻѾ;ˣһͼݵãֻڴ˻ϣһ۲֮á
Īһ¥תһȦеһЩ伮в鼮ȫϿԼİټҵ伮
֮⣬Ļīӵģһ¥Ĵ֮Уһʮ׵ĻѪͼ
ͼݣֳǳ֮УĴŰʳ˵Ļ棬е壬ֵѪ֮£ֻΪѪʳ״ҡ
ѪͼһġĻԭѾ籣˺ܾá
黭ˮƽ˵ʵڽʱգһˮƽôûκѪͼѧϰ黭Уȴŷǳߵĵλ
˵ͼģϹ֮ʱһĻһ裬Ƕһֱ޲ߣ岻ǿֻΪѪʳһĻ֡
뿪¥ʱλʿĪ˵ȤιۣȥÿȻȥ칤ѧɵĻصꡢļҵԷ¼ҵĵ±֡ҵĲرȵЩطȥֻ˰֮⣬⼸طֻΧۿ޷һۡ
лָˣһȤȥĪЦŶλʿһȻնԷָǰ˵İá
еͷҶ÷滨ټѧɣֻһӸѧãҲֳǣһǰߣĪһĬĬš
ڣĪӶڰѵܵټѧѾû˰˿ĹǣΨһҪǵľǼеĵܵãܴܲﵽټѧյӵı׼
¥ιۻһЩʱ䣬ڱѾʼ½½߽ˣĪߵȺ֮УҲһЩϤˣһйۼ


ھʮ 
ĪϴӰйһû뵽ֺ͵ˣһλĪ֮ǰĵ٣ǳк
񣬵ȷԵ֣Īӿкˣ΢ЦŶԷ
λЩཻ˼߻мˣҲӰΧسǵĵ٣ͬΪҲ·ųΪһȦ˵ĿԣŹԼ
ĪӶڶԷ⵱ȻȻˣΪӰصĵ٣ٺΧسǵĵʵһԴ˷ѣûаһܹϵȦ
ĪȻԴ˲̫⣬лĻҲΧĵٴùϵ˵ʲôʱԼҲҪǵİ
˿ཻĪҲӦϴͬԺܿ죬˴֮ϤһЩ
ȻϤһЩֶģǵȻһˣĪȥι۵Ĵ㣬Ҳˡ
ѾһտĹ㳡㳡һ뿪˴ǽеĵطո̤㳡֮УĪͻȻһֿռ佻Ĵͷ·ԼͻȻ̤֮һƬأоΧĿռƺЩʵ
ô£ĪĿҴһ£رǿԼߵļˣ˿̸ЦƺȫûԼղŵִ
ĪĿ䵽µذ廨Ƶʱڷһ⣬ԼµذϵĻƣƺղԼĴСҪ
ɫģĪӽŲ΢΢һַ·̤һռĴٴγ֣һΣĪӷԼǰ˺ƺͬʱСˡ
ռ֮Īһ֪ԼָоǴķ˴˴Ŀռ仯
ûΧ˲쳣ĪٴǰλٵĽŲʱһ΢ЩϤȴĪӵĶ
Īһ˴̲칤ѧɵķԲ֮Ī˳Դתͷȥ¶Цݡ
ϲˣ¸ղųˣλĪ֡ڶĪ˵ģҵݺλλĻĪӾ֪ԼղŵСѾλС
Īûκʧ̸֮ι֮˵λĪЦ˵
λҵĪӡӡ൱ĲرĪÿһǣȻûհȫ޿ޣҲͬûκʧ֮Ǳֵ÷ǳأĪӽλŻǰ˵ʾӭ
˵֮䣬ԱͻȻ˹һĪӣ΢Ц˵ĪһϢϴδֵ÷֦ҶѾɹˣȻ÷Ч÷һЩҲۿ̫࣬Ҳɽ÷һǾ̫ˣ
λ˵ˣǵũλ֮еλŮӣĻĪЦ˵ˣҲһ£պ÷ܹݼգʦ÷Ҳǳ˵ġ
һ˵꣬ĪӿλũҵͻȻãԼĵܵð뵽λ£ʵҲʧΪһܺõѡ
ũҵĪ֮ǰѾʶˣȷǷǳũҵ˼ѧ˵Ҳǵѧ֮һܵڶѧӵ׷ΪҪһǣڰټ֮УũҵεǺڵĽɫũҵĵӱ߽սԳΪũҵĵӣ˵Ҳӵİȫ
ȵ֮ҪũҵλϵˣĪ뵽
ʼʱԽԽλ춼ˣҪдıͣȻҲûʱĪӶڽ̸˼֮󣬾ȥдıˡ
ĪһЩ٣ڼĪӺͰټҵļλ̸֮ȻɶĪӺ飬Īȴܸоǵ̬ȱȸղԶһЩ˴֮Ľ̸Ҳ΢ôһ˿Ρ
ھʱĪӿ˸ոյհ׺ܲǱ˸һߵհ׵ĸǰ
֣ܲˣĪӴһк
հתͷĿĪӣȻϳһ˿ζı飬ĵԭǵĪ˵ԼһҶۣϣǰȥնħôأ
ĪԣûĿһհףȻ˵Ҫٲʲôµȵ칩ʱֻҵǷݿ£Ұ֮ˣĶ죬ͿǵˣⲻϽúñһ£
Ī־ȻҲ˼ҿɲҪˣ÷۵÷ҵһݹ͡հĪӵĻҲɵЦ
հһۼ㳡֮еԽԽ࣬ʼʱҲԽԽգȵʱ㳡̨֮ϵһ£ΧӵͻȻ֮ʧӰ١
ҵλ̨Ϊټеѧɣ־е飬ȻΪġ
ʼˣĪ̼ע̨ϣһĪй۹ԼΪ꾳ڣͻƵ꾳ڣһΣĪӲĻԵܹͬĺôĪҲܡ
Ŀʼҵλмģһһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸о¼Ƥһ㡣
λĲãǼıʲô⣬ǡǡ֮෴λ˿
·ϿɴϾ죬¿ֱڤĪӴʱֱ۵ĸܡ
ټѧɣ±ǨܹģȻ֮
ŵһУλһʽɣڳıͣȫĿתɫׯϣڹ
ĪŶߵЩԼѾȽϤļģ˿̾λУÿһֶ·ֱ飬һ˳еħ
ˣ
ڲ֪֮䣬λѾ˼ģȻ̨ϵһ죬λһ°ݡ
һ֮ӸټѧõϿգһѸٵľ£ȻĹ꣬ѧ¡
ӸڵİգһŶĿӸİټѧãһƬµĹꡣ
ĪԭΪʽʱ᳤һЩû뵽ǣƬ֮󣬽ʽܿӭβḶ́ǰʱȻˡ
ĪһӣһԵհЦ˵ĪǲǾãټѧõĵ񣬱֮еҪ̫ˡ
ԣֵҵλӦ÷ǳǲŶԣͷβʱҲʱʵ˸е⣡Īӵͷ˵
Ī־ʲôհͻȻʵ
кνңĪհ׵ʻ֪հҪԼһˣֱӿżɽʵ
հҲûʲôӣֱ˵вЩʽУ˵أڻʳ˵򣬶˵עصģҲЩʽ͸ʽʵĶ
һϯʤʮ飬ܽˣĪ˫ֱȭհ׹һȻתͷ̨ϵҵλĪӾãԼҪһңҲܵðңҲǿԵġ


ھʮ Ѱ·
Ī֣һҪҪһȥ·Ҳ˳һΡڹ֮հ׶Īʵ
Ӹİټѧõʱ䲢հΪӰصƽҲ뿪س̫ãԵһ¾Ҫȥˡ
Īԣ΢΢ҡҡͷЦŶհ˵ֺܲһɣһỹҪȥҰټҵļλ̸̸ܲϵѼСһ͹
հԣҲʾĵͷ֮ǰͺĪ˵ĪڶԴ·ǳģҲԼǰĪ޵һûа׷ѡ
Ī֣ҺܲһˣǰףԸܹóԸСһͽټѧá
ȵĻеıͽĶ뿪ټѧõĸλԶеһЩͶͣĪѧ֮û뿪
ڸλæҪҲʱ䣬Ī֮£ֿʼŰټѧ֮ڵĻ
ףĿɨ˼ȦͻȻ֮侪һְټѧ֮еЩƺղŽʱ򿴵ģһЩ仯
ԭЩȻǳľ£Ͻĸ涼ϵȣвȴҲֻͨĽѣڣЩ֮ϣȴһְټе˼֮һЩͻһֵµĸо
Ī뵽֮ǰ֮ʱµһƬ꣬̾ô£ͬʱҵۣһ˲١
Լʱ֮еıͶˣλҲĪӣĪ˹
Īʲô飬ȥ̸ȶĪӿڵģҵλ
ȷһ飬λһ£ǴʱŵĻ¾ͺˣĪӵԷĻ̱㿪˵
ǲţĪɣλҵԶһۣȻͽĪһ䷿ڣȵ֮λ㿪ڵ
Īк£ֱ԰ɣ
Ҳʲô£¼λܵãհټѧüȻѾ˵ǺһҪѧӵģֻλһ£ټѧѧӵʲôȻ󿴿Ҽеĵܵãûиܹݵλ£Ī΢Ц˵
λԣĪʵľȻﲻɵðһ
ǶĪӵӡ󲻴ʵ˵ղǻ浣ĪӻʲôֵǶĪӵĸйֱ½ģĪҪʵģֻǰټѧյӵ⣬ĿģҲվһֳĽǶϣϣԼĵܵټѧѧϰѡ
ԭˣҾĪ˵һ˵֪Īеĵܵãˣҵ˵
¼еܵͬһģ궼꣬ҪˣĪ˵
ǿʶַ񣡡һԵҲʵ
ڴѧѧһʱ䣬ʶһЩֵġĪӼش
ǾͺãһӸİټѧյӣǰٷϴ֮ʱһյӵĿ١ǼѧһˣմҾ˴յǧңӸеĵطյӣȡ˵ķʽ˹أһؿѧʶһؿƷ
ĪĵܵȻС˴οˣСģݻȽϼ򵥣ֻҪܹʶĶ֣ӦǲѵģֻҪܹټѧã֮ҪѧһңҪԼԸɵѡˡ
ĪѾˣһΰټѧͽı׼ǲÿԵķʽģܻݿĴСݵͬ
˵ԣĪȻϤòϤˣǰĿһֱǲףǲòϣԣȷһԹƽѡηʽ
λղȻشĪӵ⣬ҲĪӽҪʵסˡ
ĪԭһʣԼĵܵãûлԵܹ뵽λ£
ǸղλĻѾ˵ˣܹѧĸѧɣҪԼԸԼѧɵԸ
޵ڸĪӣҪ߸Ŷ뷨ǲҪˡ
ˣлλֻǲ֪ʱῪʼԣĪЦŵͷлͬʱѯһ¿Եʱ䡣
ȵԿʼǰӸ֮еѧãõϢġλҵ˵
λĪȻЩģ¹Լĵܵδĵ·Ҳȥҵũҵλ
ũλĪҲûеõһĴ𰸣֮ǰũλŮȴڽסĪӡ
Ī÷λܵãûİɣ
Էһ仰Ī΢΢һԼ÷ûжСһĹر÷л̺һ˿˼֮Сһ֮Ч
ȻûУֻ÷ȻҩºͣϾ̺ѾˣܵûСֻܸһʱǳһöĪӴһ˿ڴ˵
Īĵܵûиũóũɣ֮£ңɣũңٺòˣ˵λŮĪգգۣȻ΢Цűտڲԡ
ĪЦŶԶԷʩһȻתͷ뿪ˣûĻĪߵ飬ھǽˡ
ũóũɣ֮£ֻǵֵأĪӴԽ֮ǰĹŴЩƣҲһиŮ֯ũɣҲԹŲּҡ
ڰټѧ֮УũҺҽѧɣٵŮӣҵŮӣڰټ֮УҲټѧǵĶ
ԼĪũңδǲɾͣҲӦܹҵһɾ
ũλĪԭҪȥ칤ѧλݷһǿһ£ջǷˡ
λ̬Īȫ⣬Ƕ񷨷ǳĿأԲκĪߺŵĻᣬûиĪɫλĺá
ũĪӾǿ⼸ѧ̬ȣƲԼߺŵĻᡣ
űȽԼȻͼλһ֮Ե˵ˣݽ黹Լ˼Ұæʲôֻǻ˸ܹ˵ϻѡ
⼸λټѧõΪ˵൱񾳽ʿԼֻһ꾳ɢޣΪҲò֣ȫ΢С
Һũң⼸λԼ򽻵΢һ㣬ԹԼһӣҪȥ칤ѧɣ˼ҿɲһӡ
ԼΪ˵ܵѧܹټѧѧһ㱾µģûбҪŪɳ׾ڵܵûûѧ֮ǰøλ졣
ԣĪջûȥѧɣת뿪ˡ
ȵĪ뿪֮ڰټѧ֮ڣ칤ҵǱߣʣµļѧɵȻһ
֪ˣûһҪСһۣ칤ҵһλ˵
ûбҪˣҲֻΪ˵ܵÿǶѣһֳΣֻҰˡԱߵ¼ҵ˵
ᣬϾҲˣҶ˾ռߣ÷ϡҵҲ˵


ھʮ Ϯɱ
Ӱټѧ֮гĪӲûֱ׼ظӸֵתһȥһЩ
ӸӰزͬǸǣͨĶһЩҪĲϣܹõȻһַǳͨҳõϡ
ĪϤӸʱͼһĵ̣һ۵Ľֵϣһ꾳ߣͬʱҲӸصĵ֮һôľӪȫûκڵ˼
˹һЩƽʱõĲ֮⣬Ī׼˳㹺һЩĶر鼮֮ģԼҪģλȥ֮ҪСһչͻѵ֤ܹټѧá
ԼĶѾˣҪǵͷСһѧöûнȥԼһУȫ׷
һѵĶĪ뿪Ӹȥĵ·ĪӲûѡˮ·ȻߣܹܿӰأĪӾãˮ·ԼѾ߹ˣοŴ½ϻȥ
ӰصӸмʵһسǣأСӰز࣬˿ȴӰҪһЩϾӿǣɵĽͨҲȽϷ㣬һ֮ǰӰҪ١
Ī˳һɵǰȥȻߵٶʵһ㶼·żһЩˣǸųҲĪ˦˺档
أ˵һĲһȥûжãĪӾ·߿һ籮￪ʼʽ뵽صķΧ
߹籮ĪӽŲոǰ̤ɫȴͻȻһ䣬˲⣬ڵѾתȥ
䣡
ĪλûгԶոսŲ̤λãȻ֮䱬ըĪûܹȫȻܵһЩ
ĪӵķӦܿ죬ڷֲԵĵһʱ̳תڵûȫ㿪Ҳûʲôˡ
ǣʱͻȻ֮ɳĿȫֱָĪӣͬʱһӰĪ
ǧһ֮ʣĪһĴһųɫƯǰΧһȦܣŻ棬ܾҵǵӰһ䣬ֱӽһܻ飬ǿųɫ飬Ҳͬɳȥ
ǽôһ赲ʱ䣬ĪҲǳ׵ĻعˣǰһӣһɫĹâɳǵӰײǵӰ˳ȥɫĹâ»صĪ
ӰأĪҲû˵·ߣīȣǵӰ
ʦֵ飬˷ˣȫûнӳһЩϤİ𣬽ǵӰվֱ壬һ˫Īӣдɱ
ǣԻĪӿǰߴӰЩ̫ȷϵʵ
ڵԻ仯ʵ̫ˣıǰߴ˺ܶ࣬϶һİƣϵϢҲ˱仯ƺ˼ϵϢǳǿĪӸоһǿҵѹﵽ񾳽硣
ôģˣϴôǿڵĪӿԻʵ
ԻĿⶢĪӣûлشĪӵĻֱĪ˹˹;У˳ɫĹâȼյĻһ㣬ΧĿһ˿ȵ¶ȡ
ĪӿһĻеīѸһӣԼߵһ󷭹ǰ֯һŴͬʱѸȥ
ĪӽŲոŲ͸оԻѾԼ֯Ŵ֮У˿ûҪػһµ˼ֱӾôײ˽
һ룬֯ĴѸٵȼ˻棬Ȼһ˫ץסеĽ˺Īȥ
ȥ
ĪӡѸٽΧˮ£һţ󷢶
ոԻӭײĪȴɲ㲻ֱֻȼ˻棬Ȼ̧ǰĳһƬˣӭײһ
ãĪӿ˺ײһԼһƬ꣬Ȼû֮ûܹƬˣУڵһƬ֮Լ
ĪΪʧһΣһ꣬ȫԻĻˣûܹĪ֮УƬˣԻ⧲֮˵
еīڵһ㣬һľǰĪӽѸٵĶܣŸո뿪ԭλãͿһľ壬Ѿȼˡ
ԻĻ棬һĻ𣡡ת֮䣬ĪѾʶԻĻ棬ԲһĻ棬Ҫһǿࡣ
𣡡
һŭ𣬴ǿȼյľ棬һֻɵͻ˳ٶȿ磬ɿĪ
һΣĪӲûܹٵĶ㿪ֻüеīȺǰֻɵͻ˵ǰ
һ˲䣬ĪֻԼһ޷ֿĴײͬʱһɳȵĻѸٽٵԼϣ·ҪԼȼճɻҽ
ˮ⣡û˿ԥĪѸٷˮ⣬ϳһɫĹâԭȵĻ棬ɫâİ̱Ϩˡ
Сͨˮľ廪ҧأĪӼԼСͨһƬӰ֮֯УĪʱһ
۳ɵͻȻͣסȻɢȥԻӰ¶˳һ˫Ѫ۾Χ΢΢ʶ˼£ƺʲô
ûеԻʲôζƬӰľ֮УͻȻ֮ɵϸ꣬ͬʱµ֮УһͨһָŹӰ˴˽ţԻϲƶȥ
龰ԻҲ˲ȥʲôһγ˻棬ȻѸŹӰ֮ȥ
ĪӵЩʲôֶΣ뿪ƬӰķΧûģ㶥żιҲȳƬӰ֮ء
ĪӵСͨǵķΧǺܴҲֻзԲң⻹һΪͻƵ֮Ľ
һ֮䣬Իͳ˹ӰĵشͷƬӰľۣкˮ΢΢ֻľҡҷǳȴɱ
һɽʱԻͼĪӵСͨʱֵ½ףֱƾ豩ĪӵСͨڶֻԻȴû½
һƬӰľ֮УĪӵӰĳ֣ڹӰ֮ԻĪӸһƵ
ΪصңҲȼ˰ɣóղŵı£һŴõͷȡ
ԻŴڹӰشĪӣ˫֮еѪɫͻȻɢ˾Ȼ˲ָƽĪӿڵҲûңɱ㣬һҪȡҲֻܻһʦǰ̹ңʨӲȫϧڸղţҾȻЩˣûиֱóȫһȫһս㣬׼ȥɣ
Իһ䣬ֻϴһ·ʯţϵϢȻθߣϸһɫëݱøˣ˫ֵָҲøˣĪܹоԭϵǹһ̱÷ǳŨͷ·ĸһˣһ񾳽֡


ھʮ 
֮дֲһѾĻ־ˣһɲǣҲⲻ˻ôһ˿ԥԻˡ
ֻһȫһսĻᣬһȫһսĻ֮󣬵ȴľǿԤѾĻ־Ҳôһ˿ҵĳɣһҪȫܹɱĪأ
ԻܲΪʦֱڷԼղ˷һ֮Իԥ׼ȫ
ĪӿԽԽǿԻѾӴһҪͷǴӸղԻֳٶȣĪ֪Լܲˣڷҵ֮бɱͶԷһ
ʳķȼ֮£Իϵǿȣƺܿͻ̽飬ֻһ⡣
˴ӸصĽ֮Ȼܱȼصȴǣһ⣬Ǿ⽻شӸĸôߴ
ֲԻѡϮɱңԭ㣡и뵽һ㣬ĪͻȻ֮׹ΪʲôԻѶֵĵصѡڴ˴Ϊ˴ؽ磬¼壬ڶʱ֮ڣܲκһ㹻ʱڲܴŵºԼһս
𣡡
ĪӸոһ㣬ԻͻȻͷһ·ͻ쳹Χ
һԻΧ˴ƬĻ棬һһ㣬˰У͵ǰһˣһȦһĻ棬һĪСͨķΧڡ
ڹӰ֮еĪӣڵԻȫǲܣвŲæӡƬзɳ
ḷ̌
Сͨļӳ֮£Īһʩչ꣬ͷ·һ㣬಻Ȼûܹ˵ԻȴǰһȦƿһ֣¶ɫѾ÷ŤԻ
ֻǶ̶֮䣬ԻѾ˵Īӵǰӻ֮̽ƣָָףϸСĸֵһ㣬ֱץĪӵš
ôΣյʱ̣ĪȻǲܣϵıҲû˿ı仯ǰȴͻȻ֮һͣһ׶೤ľȻ֮䴩ͷ·һѴ̴յĳǹԻؿڡ
˫Ĺͬһʱ䶼䵽˶ԷϣǲͬǣԻצץĪӵŵʱ򣬾ȻֱӴĪӵϴ˹ȥû˿Īһȴʵʵڵ䵽Իϡ
׶೤ḷ̌滹Ż棬̵ԻϣȻ˵ԻյĽȴô룬ľֻǰ˲ԻѪڣɵ˺΢΢
ϲḷ̌ԻڹԵ£ֱӴĪӵ崩оǴ˿Ȼص䵽˺ĵϡ
ֻزص𣿸ҹתͷĪӽɢԻһ˿һߺͬʱΧ۳һŻ򣬲ϵΧˡ
ҹԻ״һߴţһƺĿĵĶһŻ棬ƬӰӪĴݲ֮£â΢ɲı䵭һЩ
ڰĪʱҲ̫ܣԻĴݲ֮£ҪάСͨıøˣȥԼŲ̫á
ڣڷݲһȦΧ֮Իŭƺһٽ㣬ǹ׺ϢҲøǿˡ
Ȼ䣬Ի˫ָ߸ߵ̧ȻݺݵһϣбһңСͨŭױ
˫ҵһɲǣΧԲ֮ڵĴȻţ淢˹ѣһɳȵĻӵ֮ӿԲ֮ڵȫһƬ֮С
ĪֻоһɳȵӴ֮´شһ˲·˺ݺݵһ£źһ𣬱³һѪ
ڸ֮£ĪӵСͨȻάֲסˣȻ֮仯һƬɢΣ⻹ûнӴ֮ӿĻ棬ĪӰУ·Ҫճɻҽ
ˮ⣡˲ϵʹĪһηˮ⣬ϱɫĹâȻѸٵĳ֮С
ԻʩչĻ棬ͨĻҪǿĪӱг̶һ˲ĹϵѾãսĺۼͷüëҲյ˲٣Ī˿ǳǱ
Īȴ˲Щոմӻ֮гͽŸоΣգ룬ʶľһٲܡ
ڸոһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸оһʹѾһǳץۣÿ죬ԴڶѾûˡ
ȥ
ոմӻ֮˳ԻĪӾȻֶԼһֺ֮ͣķһȫǲ׼Ī˿ĴϢᡣ
ȥĪֻܽеīǰ˦ɫĹâһ˹ԻֱײһȻ󱻵ɵһߡ
ۿԻٴĪڶһ˿ˣʩչˮ⣬һСͨһսڵѾҪ֧Ųסˣ״ԻĪͻȻ֮Щǭ¿оԼҪ޼ƿʩˡ
һĴĪӽԼǰذ˳ԼڲذǰȻִӴ֮ץһѷѹեԼڵһѷ˳ȥ
ĪڲѾ˾ڵľˣܹʩչֶΣҲȫóˣĪԼ벻Լβӳ졣
֮£ĪȻûзΪˣǾˣһ£һ룬ԼͶһϣ
˵ӸصˣѾڸ·ˣԣҪȥĪвԼȻҧأ˴֮еĵӡͼܴѹե
ԻһķԼǰذףȻһѱķǲܣֱӴЩķд˹ȥ
ЩǿӲҲûʲô˺ôЩ˺ԻҲȫں
ѾоԼڷ·һһȼգڵóȣԼ֮еѪҺ·Ҳ˹̵ҽԼʡ
ɳȵĻ棬·ѾӿԻԺԭͱѪͫףҲ·ȼˣܵĻ档
ҲӦá·𡱶֣ȼˣֻ˫ۣ֮УطҲͬ˻棬˿ɲ
ԻԼڷǳĿڿʣڵǹڷԼ֮еˮ֣˸оǳܣؿڴھҵ·ʱըһ㡣
ЩķԻƴеȫ¶Ż棬Īץȥ֪ԼˣҪԼ֮ǰԼĿɣɱ˽ߵĪӡ
ĪʱҲƴȫѹեԼÿһֵǿд߶еĵӡҪ£Բܹ


ھʮ 
֮Ŀֲѹ֮£ĪջѹեԼһ˿Ǳ߶еĵӡ
һɲǣͺһײһâཻһ˲䣬ƬĻ֣Χʮ֮ھС
֮䣬ɢȥ¶վԭصӰ
ĪԭеĵӡѾ䵽˽űߣĵͷԼĸѾһֱִֻӴԼ壬ȴûѪҺΪԼֻ֣ϴһɳȵѾ˿֮սˡ
ĪѾԼ³ˣһ룬ҪԵĲǱӲ˺룬ǱӿһգΪҽ
Ī̧ͷעǰԻ˿ſڵϣֻͬʱǰһִֻĪӵĸһֻȴ
ԻȻſڵϣȴͷĪܹ飬ǹɷɱ⣬Ѿ˼ӿĻ棬ƺʱᱬ
ͻȻ֮䣬Īӷ֣Իı龹ȻϣܴԼֻ֣ҲûκΡ
ĪӿſԻؿû˿
ǣ˰ɣĪͷЩţͷ˿Լ˿ڣĪӼѵ
ϵƣֿУĪӸоԼ᲻һ˿ֻ˲ʱǾҵʹĪûֱӻԹȥ
²һĪԵڵϣоԼʶһ㱣֮䣬ĪӿſԻȻȼϸ΢Ļ棬Ȼȥ
ĪҲЩ֧Ųסˣڵĵʵ̫ˣҲ׵뵽˻֮С
ĪһѹʱѾһİĵطˣԼһŴϣĪӾ֪ԼǱ˾ˡ
ֽŲһ£ĪӾ͸о˸ʹ
Īܵ˲ᣬһͨˣǶԷˣΪ˵Īӵƻ㲻
оһԼڵûȫĻָĪ±˫ۣʼָĵ
һĵ̫ˣرʱ̣ĪӷѹեԼԼѹե;ƿݵ״̬
ĪӿʼָڵΧʼĪӵķӿ룬Īӵ˺ܿͲˣ֪ԼȻѾˡ
ȵĪӻָԼڵ˫۲ãŴ򿪣һ˽
ĪתͷȥǸſ߽ˣԷɫĵۣݷǳĲϣҲǳĻ
Ԭǰң߽ĪӼ֮ǰйۺӸİټѧãԷϯһλ񾳽ĸ֡
ĪѿˣҸϵʱҾ˳ˣĶȻѾѹˣԭɣλԬĪЦЦϵϴһ˿Ƶı飬ȻһӣĪӵĴͷ
ĪӹɨͿԼĴīȡӡԼǿųɫԼذ׷ȫˡ
лԬǰԼĶһ٣ĪֻٴζԶԷʾлоλԬǰƷˣ̰ī⼸Īӻ治̫Ҫ
ȻҲпԼĶ̫˼ѹء
ȼϢɣϵѾ㴦ˣԼɣԬĪӵĶ֮󣬼˵仰תȥˡ
ȵ֮ʣĪһˣĪӱ㿪ʼԼϵˣͬʱԼ֮ǰĻ档
Īӻ֮ǰԻȥˣѾÿյģѪⶼѾˣҲǱճ˻ҽ
ͷԼ˿ڣĪͻȻԼܹǷǳĽңʵҲȷˡ
ֵڵѪ⣬һСͨԻΪǿ񾳽磬ͬʱҲֻһȫһսĻᡣ
ԻʼȫֵʱڵѪҺѾʼȼգ֮УԻӳʵԽԽǿҲԽԽ꣬ȼմͻȻʤ˥
ΪʲôʼʱĪӵС֮ͨУֻʩչըھһʱ֮󣬾ܹǿеƿĪӵСͨ
ҲĪˮľ廪ͨԻʱ䣬Իװ˷๤ղŻҪĹͷ¡
Ի־ҲȷǷǳǿ;ƿݵͷȻĪӷıɱһٸһʱ䣬ô˵ĿĪһͬھ
ϧһվǲôһ㣬ԣĪӻԻˡ
ڴ˵ڶ죬ȻϵûȫָĪѾ̽´ˡ
ˮãڻָϣЧҲ൱ġ
ƺתһЩ֮ĪӴԬĿУ֪ϵʱԻѾ˻ҽ³Īûиоϧֻ߽жԼķ˼
һκԻսĪӷԼĲ㣬ܹʵңĪȴڴԼÿһζܹôҡ
һԻֶ֪ΣԼΪ񾳽磬ܹҪԼ飬ĪӲ뾭ڶΣԼƵʱӦܹſԡ
ʱ֮ĪϵѾûдˣ׼ǰȥԬУɽ÷ۣԼһ£ⵢ죬֪ӰǱ⼸ûзʲô
лԬǰ֮ѾǰУ׼ӰǱˣպǰʲôǲԸЧȮ֮ͣĪӶԬ˵
βô˵ԼǷһ飬ԺҪ
ĪѿˣƶѾ˵ˣֻǰѣ֮ͰˣطϣԬĪӰ˰˵
ȻĪѹƼƶҲǣΪʦĪȥ
ǣʦԬԶһ˾ҵĵͯ˵
ĪԣǸͯһۣȻٴԬһתȥ
СͯԬĵӣ⼸ĪҲԷΣֽǣǺ෴ģȴǶԷԶȥǳ֮ɫ
ֻа˾ͣǷ۵ǳĿɰƵٴһ㣬ҲԻһӢɣϵıȴһĳ࣬׼ȷ˵ʵԳˣȷЩ֡
Īߵ棬ҪԼǣЦЦ
⼸ճԬǰչˣҲ鷳ǵˣպϾӰɽ÷ۣ
̧ͷĪӣ˫֮ƺ͸֮ɫֱĪӽӴ˫ۣƺҲܹо͸ıˡ
лĪлᣬһǰȥţ
ǵǺ˵ʱǳƽϻıˣȷ˸оƺҲñˡ
ȿȣǵѣʵˣԵټɣĪӿǣ뿪ȰԷƽʱԶЦһЦҪ˵ʱȴͻȻ֮סˡ
Լֲ֪ԷʲôСС͵ϴıˣóȻĿ˵ЩȻǺ⣬ԶԷ˵ȴһԻˡ
Ҫ˵Ļ£ĪӾֱת뿪ˡ
ȵĪ뿪֮վſڵǲûתȥһԼǰһƬ
žеԼֻ֣ԼͼһЦı飬Ǿеˣȴƺˣ


ھʮ ܰ
ٴλصӰأصԼϤĵطĪͻȻоһУȥʱֻж̶̼գȥĵطԶǾһ֮ȴĸо
һ·ɽȥ·һЩ񣬿ĪӶĴк
Ԭ˼죬ĪӲԼϵˣͬʱҲԼյëָһ£ϵ·֮⣬뿪ӰصʱҲûʲô
ĪôһΪԼ󣬵ڶҲڻ֮󣬲ߵѷʲôҲǵġ
صɽǰΧԻ󷨰£ƻɾɽĪһֻصҵĸо
ɽ£Ҳʵס÷ãĪӻ߽֮У֧׼õ㣬ȼ¯֮С
ʦγȥһδѣմѲоյĶһ٣֪˼ڤôˣʲôʱܹط˼䣬˼һ˵ܹһ񾳽磬ǰڤʱ˼ҿܻᱻһɣĪӿ¯֮Ʈ̣˵Ҳ֪÷ܲõǸԵһ⣬Щһ¡
ɽµãΨһ·ĵطϾĪӽõı⣬Ҳǹ˲ΰݵģ֮е㣬Īǰ׼õģԾй磬ߵǰȥһ㡣
֮߳Īӻص÷Уû÷ȻǸɸɾȾ˿ĳԺ÷ΧȻһ㵭ˮΣĴɫΡ
Īߵ÷µ£Ȼҡ·һӷͻȻЩģȻ˯ȥˡ
ֱʱĪѹվ˸Ȼ֮䷢ԼϻûȫָƣȻһ˺ת
ĪЩ죬̧ͷ÷ֿ˿÷һˮΣЩ뵽
ѵ˵÷´ţȻ˵ĹЧ
ԭվһĪϸĸƬ̣ȴûзԼϵƼת֪ԼˣҲΪԼص÷ۣ˯һĻָӵĸǿһЩɡ
һҹʱȥڶϣĪ𴲣ʼԼΣԬļ죬Īˣ˼ҵĵطЩ̫㣬üζûڻص÷ۣȻҪԼÿˡ
֮ĪӼһԼĴеĶתɽºӹȥ
ȥӸҪĿ֮һǼСһѧ⣬ҲԼļ׼һЩûȥ
صºӹ壬Сһﻹѧã׻ũæֻĸһˡ
ÿλĴĸԺæµһҲ⣬ĪӶЩϰˡ
ԼһĸϰߵʽԼȻԸı䣬ҲҪǲҪ࣬ҲøĸúܲڣӿܹûôģĪҲͲǿǻıڵʽ
Ķ֣ڱ˵ӹúƶûгϢֻҪԼԵ֣ϲ˵˵ȥɣԼ֮лһĿ֣ʵһǳѵõ顣
ԼĴӻӸԼĪӵĸ׵ȻܸˣȻЦţлⲻ˻ԹĻ
㿴⺢ӣȥôԶģʲôһǮ
ĸ״΢ЦԹĪЦ˵ҲûʲôӰߺ򵽵ģ澵ӣӰȻҲУǼ۸ӸҪ࣬ƽ⣬רŴ͵ġ
ʱСһĪɽˣеĪӣҲеܸˡ
Īӽ׼õｻǣĪɽĪӵĸһһ˵ĪһǮһ߶ĪĶ֣СһǱϲӡ
Լλбµֳָ˺ܶóԵĶͬʱǣЩóԵĶһģǰһ飬СһѾ˲٣ô飬ȻоֳصĹذ
ЩӸúõѧϰЩ鲻ҪǶҪȫвʶֿңõѧȥǵٹһʱ䣬ӸټѧþͿʼѧˣŷǳĶпԱɵĻľԷĻкóԵˮкܶһС飬ܹټѧãԺЩĶǵġĪӿ߲ϴתСһüëһȻջĿ˵
ǵǰԼѧʱʱ·дҵ˵úѧϰ˳оɶˣȵָ֮úѧϰ˸ҧҧȵ˴ѧʱ䡣
ĪӾԼھǵƭԼЩһջСһ
ĪࡢĪСһԣͻȻ֮䶼ĪЩȤ
Ļлɵľ񣬻кܶóԵ𣿡ΪŮӵĪʵ
Īӵ˵ͷִӴ֮óö÷ݸСһȻ˵ɲֻЩóԵĶ̫ˣоٲҪȥһϲġ
ǣ֪Ķ𣬻᲻֪Ķ࣬ȸ֪ĶࣿĪҲ˫۷Ŀʵ
ĪӶεĪ֪ǳŨʱͻиָ⣬ܶѧõ޷𰸣ҲֻĪܹõ
ټѧ֮УźܶǵѧʶǳԨЩ˵СһĪ˵ţСһ˷ܵı飬ͻȻ֮һת
Ҫټѧãɲô׵ģʱ䲻úüӰѾôĵطǿܾȥඣ
СһոձȤѾԺ֮пʼټѧһĵطĪô˵ʱЩˣҲ˲˵ʲôֱץĪ͸ǵЩ飬תܻ˷䡣
Ȼһ֮Сһ֡ŵš˳ĪӺ͸ĸĿע£ĪӴǵЩóԺĶڻȻŷȥ
һĻĪӺ͸ĸ˶һۣͻȻ֮䶼СһΪЦ
ӶǸټѧô𣿡ȵСһٽ뷿Īɽϴһ˿ǶĪʵ
Īܹ̽ټѧõĺôĸ˽øĸ˽һܹټѧѧϰһôõ¡
ĪӵĽĪɽȻǲ̫ףټѧõжȴҲ֪ˣȥһõѡ
Ǻãȥĵط̫ԶˣڻôСܾòģĪӵĸЩĵ˵
Īܹ׸ĸ˼ǧĸǣСһҪȥӸѧôܹĪɽ򸾵ء
ҲΪӵǰ̣˵ˣӶʱͱС͸ŵȥѧϰˣһ£ͱϹˣĪɽӵļ˵
һ𣿺ӶСͶ£ɲһҪҶġĪӵĸԣתͷĪɽһۣȻҲ̸⣬ֵһæµȥˡ
ĪӿһУֻоһɵܰһҺ˵ĸо


ھʮ 
ĪԼдʱ䣬úõĸСһ︨һ¹ΣȻֵѧȥһæСһ￪һʱСȻ뿪˼ҡ
СһȥټѧãĪֽ׶ΣܹСһҵõһδĵ·²ܳδҲ̫ƽ
Сһ޵ͷĪʵҲйСһʵȷô·δܹɳʲô̶ȣȷһԤ顣
˵ʵĲ㣬Դֲ޵ҪľԣĵһأһȻżżĪӾæҲС
СһһʱĹΰźãĪӾ뿪˼ңӰسȥԴӻ֮󣬻ûкհȥкء
ӰسǣĪӾֱ֮Уܿͼհס
ˣϵû˰ɣհڼĪ֮󣬻ûеĪڣֱȿ˵
ֹȻͨҾ͹ʲôû˵أû뵽Ѿ֪ˣĪԣҲûоò죬ֱ΢Ц˵
հ׺ԼһΪϵӵݣΪӰݣڻȡϢϷǳı˵ž;֪£Χʲô紵ݶģֻҪհ֪ܹҵ취ġ
ĪһϢ˵ĪӸһڴ˿ڣҪӸԬĪֿΣահվߵĪӵߣ´ɫϵƺָĲˣŷ
˵˵ɣô¡հĪʵ
ֲǶѾ֪ˣΪλҪңĪڷһ䣬հ׻Լһɵӵı飬εĿڣϸ˵һ¡
հĪӽϸ˵꣬ɫͻȻЩѿˣƬ֮ſڵ
һڣûаհ׷浱Ǻ۸Ĳɣ
Īӿհ׵ɫ֪հĶŭһƽʱƢǳãΪӵܵƽʱ˽˵ĸо崺磬ǵķǾŭˡ
Ϣŭⲻû¶ȱôĻ𣡡ĪӶհȰ
Ī֣Ѿֹˣ⻹ϵհ׵棬ϵҽϵ棬˿˼γ֣Ǿôˣ±˲հʴȣֻܡհ׻ͷĪһۣ֣ص˵
Īհ׻˼ԭ飬ʵհײûаϵհװԼſںԼĽϣԼҲǷհ顣
ڽӶĶԸĪӣհЩҲסˣԼѾڵˣǶԷƺԼľϡ
ⲻ˵ˣϵĵӣȫԷ˵ԼûǷ¿ɴСհ׵ӡ
׼ôõҳĵطĪʵհҲǸԼеĲߡ
հԣͻȻ֮ĬƬ̣Ȼ󿪿һ
ڵͦҪȫ⣬Ի֮ǰھѾˣԻŵͽʦš
鷢ǱߣȻѾһʱˣĪӻǸո֪Ϣת֮䣬ĪӾ׹ڴһֺ̣Իʦţȷǽڸժ˳ȥ
ϣհײ̫öԶԷѣԽڵµĻʳ֮Уհûλ֮ǰӦñֵ͵
ϸ˼һ£ڲ£հҪԸڣЩ޳Ī
ĿĪ֮հ׺ͻȻ֮뵽ʲô¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ī֣ҪʲôֻȥһڶѣòԳ
հ¶ЦݣĪ֪հһЩȤζ뷨
ҪʲôĪʵ
Ҳʲôֻڵ˼ȻҵӣҲӦûؾһ¶ԷһǾˣհ׿ĪӣԼĴ
ڽԻʦţԻ֮ǱӣԲǽʦţһͣ룬ȥˣô
Īհ׵Ĵ㣬հ׵뷨̫ȤζˣҲ̫ˣͬʵǣ̫ˣ
Ͱֵ˼ȥ죬ҪȥһˣĪ˵
ãһύȥģһҪʹóհüͷһĿƳ档
֮֮⣬ӰΧ֮ǰ
λڴ˵ȺǰȥǰЩˣػɽŵλڵɫ֮Щų˵
ǰˣȫ񾳽ϵĸ֣кüλƬؽ綼СһͬڣҾȻΪͶŵλӸе˺ܴѹ
ȥھȻͣҵͣĹͶѣǻʲôţͷһλ񾳽ֿǰɽӣƽ͵˵
ƽͣڵɽĿɴž壬ֱһҵʱ½״żλڵĳϣɽ֮˳
λΧɽ֮ǰΪ½һĿɨһǰˣֱӿʵ
½Цˣǽ͵ġղ˵񾳽ĸֿ½ףһЦ˵
ͣõô𣿡½Ŀ⿴ŶԷһѹλ񾳽ĸҲ˿ãô½׵˫˵
ҼλͬѸһ½
ײһ˲ͱѹ½ǼλڵĳϣĿⶼЩĵĿˡ
ʮ֮½ͻȻչһЦ˵ȻˣǵѵɣֻǴ˴ڵɽţ벻Ҫʱͣ򣬻һЩᣬΪ׼أ
Ȼˣ쵽̣̾ߣ½λ񾳽ĸּ˵
ΪȻ½ײһ󾳽磬½ףȴ˿Ĳ·磬̬Ҳ㹻ǿӲȻҲԼ̵ġ
Ǿͺã֮ǰŵǮһǧöһպã½˵ţѾ׼õĶ˳ݵ˶Էǰ
λ񾳽ĸֽӹ½еĶ¶ϲõ飬Ȼ͵½׵棬һǧöǮڵϣʼһöһö
㣡½һϼ״¶߷֮ɫǰһҪ˵ʲôȴ½סˡ
½׾ôŶԷһöһöǮֱеǮһ飬Ȼ󿪿ڵΣĿĻٲ㣡
Ȼˣ½һ֮ôΪһǧöǮȱ¶½ҾͶлˣʹ˸ǣλ񾳽ĸֽеĶ½ױ˱ȭȻת뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪֮½ļȫɫһ˿½ף׼˵ʲôȴ½ֹ̧ˡ
ض˵ʲôӣһģ½ɫƽ˵һ˵꣬ת˽ȥ


һ ˻ʲ
Ī֣ǴͣһǮһǧöһֻڵҲţһƷֻôɽ÷֮Уհ׺Ī÷еĺȲ裬ǰϣһСӣһѳ
ᴵһеĲ裬ĪӿһϵĶȻհ˵ûбҪù˰ɣֻ֪صӣӦõģ
հԣĿĪ˵Ī֣ȻҪģԻⶫӦġ
㣬ҲûǰЩףڰңҼˣЩִɣĪҡҡͷͬհ׵Ļ
ܾǰڽϳհ˵ȫĪ˵ȴһջǾӰƣȡ֮еЩȷʵҪ
ۼĪ̬ȼհױ֪ȷǲҪЩģĪԼΪ˴֮Ҳհ͵ġ
˵ոӰصʱ򣬺Ī뽻ֻΪ˺͵ͷߴùϵԼõӰأõʩһںദ֮УΪĪӵԸ񣬲˽ıĺѡ
հЦЦϵĶȻ˵ȻĪֲҪЩҿɾԼЦɣ齣ȻֻֻҪϻһЩ˼ΪƷƷҲһ¡
Īӿ˿հеǰѽȻûİһۣһĶȤζǲ֪ʲôʱᷢʱһԼ
֮У˵͵ķΪô֣ǿ¾ǽεķˣϾԭڶʳ֮УһֱϮսʱԽýɷϰף̫һڣֽķֱ񣬽ķΪ׷
Ͼôý֮ˣҲô˿ȥУƽơ
հе齣ȻֻһƷеõȴǳĺһЩοֵҪһ˵ʵĲѡ
Īӵӣհ׷ֽջأȻϵĲ豭̬ŵĺһڣ󻺻վ˵Ī治ϧܹˣһҪô񣬾ȸˣ
ˡԶͣĪҲվֱӾͶհ˵
հ׼״Ҳ⣬ڵĽ飬ҲûбҪЩ
ɵհ׵ĽŲһ˲䣬֮ϣͻȻ֮䴫һ¡羪ը죬ֱ顣
ţ֮иֳһ㷨֮ɫķֳֻ֮һ˲ű䲻ˡ
ͻıʣĪ̾վհ׶һۣȻĿͷգĪȡԼĵӡϸĸӦ
֮ĪӺհɫͬʱ˶ĸоʳķ֮ڸղһ˲䣬ȻͱһЩ
ĪԻһ£ͷָոոֳķ֮⣬֮Ŀ϶ƺһ㣬Ҳ͵ĵȷȷ˵֮ȷǱˡ
Ī֣ʳ֮Ͼд·Ҫã׳ʲô¡⣬֮ɽҰ֮Щħֿ»ᰴͲסܳˣĪֶע⣡հɫصĶĪ˵
ַģɽȥһйۣϵһ£ȻѲӰظžħ֮£ĪҲ֪Գ˴£հĵȫп̵ܷͷ˵
հĪӵĻ˵ͷ˸׹⣬ǰ۳һܣհһ׹ߡ
ۼհ뿪Īɽٶǰйۣڵй֮Ҳûʲôѣǳ˳ľͽ˵ȻҲй۵㹻ӣɳ˲ٵĪһǰӰظйеļλϣԶǰ
ʳ֮Ӱ֮ڿܻһЩصĺħֳƲ̫ǿ˵ĵģ֮У᲻ʲôֳûг˳£Ӱ˷ˡ
й۵ļλĪӶǱ߿ܻеΣҲ˲٣ӰشӵΣʲôǿ֣ȽᾭӸǱߣǿ֣ӸͻᱻܹӰص©֮㣬λй۵ĳӦþܶԸʵڲУй۵Ĺһλĸ֣Ӧòʲô⡣
һʱ֮ӰؾڵĳׯĪֳֵӡһֻɽܳСʰѾӳµڣʰĵֻС
ȻɽŲٲ۵ħ֣һȵʳķ̲֮ͣס˳ʰֻСĪĬĬ
鷢ĵһʱ䣬Ӱ߷ӦǳѸ٣ĪӼй۵ĵӣЩɽ֮ܳħֶʰˣûʲôӰ죬йۻɳ˲ٵӣǰܱسǣЩֵħ֡
صرҲ׷׳֮ƣЩʱðͷħ֣Ķ֪·֮ˣҲܹ˷˵ĵط
ˣȥÿˣհ׵׷ʲôˣֳŵӡĪܹӦʳķ֮ƺһĻָѾõ˽
ĪӰõʱ򣬷й۾ȻҲڣǶŶԷͷкȻҲ
й۵õĿģȻĪһģհ״һ£ʳǱߵ׷ʲôˣŻᵼ·֮͡
ĪӺй۵ˣհ£Ȼſڵշ֮ͻȻͣѾӸǱߵõϢҲʲôأͺͶλ˵һ˵ɣ
հ׵ĻĪӺλй۵ĵֱӣ׼հ׽Ϣ
ӸǱߴϢ˻ʱڴ֮ʱͻȻ֮䲡ˣŵ˻ʳķ֮ͻȻ֮併ͣҽҸΪ˻ʱƣ޴󰭣Ҳܹܵʳķ֮ҲʼָˡհֱӿżɽҪ֪Ϣ˵˳
˻ʲĪϢü֮⣬ƺ֮С
˻ʵޣʣµʱѾˣÿһε˻ʣ֮ʱֳ֢״ޡ
˿ҪȥˣͻȻ֮ʲô״ȫһ飬Щ̵ǣȴһλ˻ʵϣرλλ
ʳĿ֮һλǰĳԼҲͼε˵˻ʵʵѾﵽ˵ĲΣ嵽˺ֵزȻ֪Բָոճɵġ
һλǿߣ˻Ǹλϣڴ֮ʱȻᾭͨһڲ֮ĪӾ;һĪĳ
뵽˻Ի񣬻ڤ֮УµͥĪҲȻˣû⣬Լʦ÷Ҳ˻ʵ£ΪµͥһԱ


һһ 
˻ʲȻܿҽҵĸΪ˻ƣ˻תΣΪӰɲС
Ⱦһʱ֮УΪʳȵļһЩŵħֶܳ˷ˣطӳǳѸ٣˱Ƚٵĵط֮⣬󲿷ֵطû⵽̫ʧҲû̫Աǰߣˮ弸ξҵĳҲڱ߹ص彫ʿεĵֵ
СϢţ˻֮岢ûȫЩԭ壬ڶ̶֮УԵ˲٣ͷҲ˿ת׷Ѿ̬
ǲģҽҵĸҲΪκε鵤ҩҲ޷˿Ч
˻λõ䣬һôý˻λȥЩˣ̫ԩˣ
һ£һӰ죬ڳ֮ϣѾвٵĳ飬˻ȷԼĽӰˣӦвٵĻӻŮһҲ飬һ
ʳԼ꣬ѾȨȹˣȻǰѾģ̫һڣҲϽͬ˻ʳͳΣֻҪһλ˻Ȼһλʳػҵ춨˸ˣӰ֮Уհ׺Īһ̸š
ֻĪˣЩ⣬̫
ĪԵ˵ͷǵʳ֮ͨ˺֮ʣٹͼΣ˻ҲӢֻҪҪڶʳλ˻һŷңȷˣ
հͬԼĪӵĻҲ¶һ˿ЦݣԴĪʶ֪ĪȻСƺҲ࣬ڼʶ棬ȴźܶԼĿһµ۶ϡԣհҲǳϲĪӽںܶϣԸĪӵĿ
ٹã˻ʱ¾ͻȷһ˻ʵѡĪ־ãһλӣܹ˻֮λհ׼ʵ
һհ˵⣬ĪӵԺ֮뵽ĵһ֣ԨͬʱҲ˶ԷǺʡ
⣬ڻĲ¶ۣҲûӣΨһֻԨ⵹һѡ񡣡ĪЦŻش
Ԩһ˫սȴһһõ˻ʣȥ˻ʣҲհҡҡͷոҪǽţȴȻֹδûܡ
Ԩһλңеǰټҵı֮Ҳûа취ܳѾٶˣڵʳδ֮ǰ͸˻ս
ټ֮óԨΪЩٵĵҩҲվߵͷҲһٶ꣬絣˻ʣҲһѡ
Щ׷ŵĻ֮УԨУ˵д˴㡣
뵽Щհ׿ĪһۣȻٶԣҲʹ˴סˡ
Ī֣ոսӵϢӸİټѧã׼ʼѧˣʱһ֮󣬵ʱаټѧõԹ죬֪еĵܵã׼ôˡհͻȻַ֮ųһϢ
ôҪʼѧˣհ׵ϢĪͷ
Ȼ֪ڰټѧõѧӵʱȲ̫û뵽ôҪʼˣĪӶڼСһûʮİա
뵽ĪӾЩסˣϸհ׼֮󣬱̸뿪ˡ
ȵĪ뿪֮ܲӰͻȻհ׵ԣհ׹һ
崫Ϣ˻ʴӦλŵҪֻǽȫȥı߹أ˻ߵĻһֻʣλ˻֮λģ
Ǳʲô̬ȣ׼Ӵһ£ԶԶĹհ׶ܲʵ
˵һ˼죡ܲش
հ׵˵ͷ΢˼һ£Ȼܲ˵ʱȹ΢ԨӴһ£ǲҪԵվӣʳķУ
ǣܲԣͷӦһʧˡ
Ī뿪ֱ֮ӻصºӹ壬ȵСһѧ֮󣬾̼СһĹΣʱ٣һο֮࣬ĪҲʼСһ︨
һ£ټѧþͿʼʽѧӣ֪СһܲͨټѧõĿˣһҪŬһСһ
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ĪʹõķǴСһһ棬ĹУὫһЩѧϰݴȥСһһ㣬ҲԢֵЧ
ڽһ֮УĪӻؼҵĴúڣСһѧϰǳģСһĽٶȣҲĪӴܹ⡣
Щ֮УĪڵڳ׵Ļָˣˮİ£Ҳûκεİˣָķǳ
һ磬СһѧؼңĪҲѾڼˣСһʱﻹһĪüëһ¡
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磬˵Ǽ֮øĸȥӰسǿԣСһһţĪӣеĶ˹
ĪӿһСһеĶľӣдһ֣൱׼֤֮Ķ
ãһպãȹʱ򣬵͸һ𣬴ȥӰؿԣʱóԵģĪ˵Դ˵
ڿԽˣСһ߸˵ľܵĸ׵ߣĪӻһ
һʱ֮УĪӺСһʱ䳤ˣᵽָܺӹεļ尾Уʱҭ˵Ҫˡ
ʱһת۾͹ȥˣһ磬ĪһˣӰسǶȥ·ϣͬеˣԼŮͬӰسǶȥȻȥμӿԵġ
ȵӰسǣԤȶõĿ棬ѾһƬɽ˺ˣЩͺӹļҳ֮⣬󲿷ֵֶģвٵС̷Ͱ̯ʱŲΧʱΧøˡ
ĪӴŸĸȺſڴżŵۣվſڼľӵļλټѧõͷ΢Ц˸кȻͽСһΧĺһ˽ȥûиκε⻯
Сһ߽ȥĪɽͻȻ͵ȵСһ￼ǰ;ܵӰ죬ֵСһ￼ˣҪȥӸˣôԶĵطҲǷĲ¡
ŸĸûʧӣĪҲûпȰǷģΪԾûʲôõģŸĸȵһЪЪţ˸Ը뿪֮£ĪֻΧŵӣøĸ£ȻԼҲһȡ
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Ƭ֮󣬿һ죬󴫳һ
Կʼ
ĪӸоڿΧһεķΧһӵ룬ͬʱҲžһеӰ졣


һ ͨ
Īӷ֣ټѧһεѧпǷǳϸģһֹܹܹһĸţҪڳʲôͻᱻ˷֣ܶڿԵĺӣҲм࿼ðɡ
Ȼĸ磬׶һ׵飡ĪЩĵ
ΧӵѾС˲٣ƺЩΧˣҲ»ŵĺӿԣͨնڿټѧõһʲôֻ̫Ҫ֪һγͷصĻᣬǾͻԥץסͺ֮ǰЩͺȥй۵һ
ݳΪӰ죬ǻĲ㣬ʵһֻȱʧúܶ޴ڣѻһͷصĻᡣ
йۺͰټѧ֮ǿһŮı˵ĻᣬץסҲʮԸȥһ¡
ܾӦǸֻڰˣŻӵ
ⳡԳʱ䲻̣ɹ֮ʱĴŻûд򿪣ΧΧŵˣʱȴ˲١
ЩֵΧվôʱ䣬Щ˸еģͺԾ뿪ˡ
ĪӿͷѾðĸĸȰȥԵ㶫Ϣһ£˶û뿪˼ֻŪһЩˮǣȡһЩԵģһȡ
ˣ
һڿ֮еȫǾһĿεſĴš
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬴εĿ֮лĴ򿪣˳λټѧõţͿһȺӷӵһ졣
ĪӿЩ˸߲ҵܳЩ۾ܳһЩͷԴһͲǺܸߡ
ⳡԵ׿ʲôôһôḻĪЩ棬ĿⲻȺżСһܿͷĪĪܳˡ
СһһţͲƫͷҴѰŸĸĪӵܿͿĪӵˣȻѾ˹
磬ǿˣǿˣСһܵĪӵ˵ߣ̸˵Ĵš
СһĻĪ˫۲һһۿ˵ʲôͼһټѧõ˳һֽֽһס
ֵֽɲǣѸٵıڿб仯һĻֲٵ֡
λӰصĸϣټѧѧӵһοѾˣϵˣͿѧټѧãѧϰټ֮ѧѡĸλѧҲʧ֮󣬰ټѧûյڶӣʱǻҪټѧãٴβμӿԣ
Īӿλ˵ϳ˶ԷݣǺļҵһλҲǸӰ߿ԵˣسǣӦҲӰز࣬һλ񾳽꾳
Щû뵽ԭΪѧʶƷӦûֳû뵽һο֮УֱӰԵݶˡĻĪа
Ļ֮ϣдŲٵ֣Īϸһ£һʮҲζž͵Ӱأټѧһξʮѧӡ
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һйӰյͯҲûжˡ
ĪĻϺܿҵĪĪ֣ǵֺ棬볡ľıţǱյϴ
λͨ˿Եѧӣһ֮ڣǰټѧðѧδѧҲλϧλļҵ˵һ䣬ԷĿ΢ɲĪӷɨһۣĪӵͷĪҲæһ΢Ц
Ȼλļҵתص֮ڣſڵһȺĸ״֮㿴ңҿ㣬ȻȻΧȥ˸⡣
ѧõʷǶ٣ȥҪ׼Щʲô
ȥѧҪסѧڣҪѧҵط
Ǹ
һĻĪ¶һĨЦ⣬λļҵȻƵĳ棬˵ԼҪ˵Ļ֮û˿ԥתߣѽ͵Ĺſڵλ൱꾳
ĪһĨЦոճ֣ͿԼĸĸҲȺ֮УȻ̾ЦˣæǰԼĸĸȻСһһ뿪ѧõſڡ
Īһҷ꣬ΪСһףһµɣһǳʢĲˣĸһҲѵûԹĪ˷ѣȫһοĿĪĪСһ
ĪࡢĪǺ͸˵˵Եݵʲôģԭ˵ֻѧʣʲô£ĪӿųԵ͵СһЩʵ
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СһĪӵĻӳԵĹĹĵģ̧ͷ׼شĪӵ⣬Сҭһ£ĪӸæݹһˮСһһڣȻСһ˵
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ĪʱҲڣȻһΣμ͸ˣ˵Ƕֻܶһ÷ԼҲ̹ܶңҪ÷Ͱ÷˸͵ʲôҼǲ̫ˣ
Сһ˵꣬ĪӾѾˣټѧÿƷķʽӪþķ
һԵĪҲ˵ԼһΣĪĲͬξȻҪḻ٣εԼĵ͸磬ε˺ܶİˡ
ĪСһԴЩοЦˣԼΪֳСһʱ˼ʶȻûа׷ѹ
ڰټѧֿƷķĪӾȻҲǷǳȻˣܶϣҪƾǲܵ飬ַʵѾˣһ̶ϣѧӵԣ֮飬ǽѧϰ֮Ĺ۲졣
һٷĪӵĸĸţҪСһ׼ȥѧƷ
īֽ϶Ҫģб졢·ЩǱģڳÿ죬·һöһǱϣǱûչˣеĻȹȥչӡĪӵĸһߣһţĪɽں棬ϵĵͷĪСһ档
ȻЩ¶ĵܵã֮䣬ȻЩ㱡
˵СһոճʱԼһμСһǻ֮УѾҪˣټѧá


һ ѧ
ټѧøѧʱǳĿԣôʱ䣬׼Ķȫ׼ؼһʱ
ĪŸĸһѵĶĸСһͻºӹ壬תصɽСһѧѾˣԼҲܷĵĻɽһʱˡ
صɽ÷ۣΥĽľԪ˳ʼϸĴĦ
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ľԪ٣𸴣顭ĪšľԪϸĶοƪľģǹܸ٣ָܹƪ·ĺ˼롣
ľԪеݣĪӼѾ͸ˣֻˮɵΨһʣµ񾳽ĹؿĪҲѾ֪ô¡
񾳽֮һǴ磬ΪֹĪҲ˼ĸ֣½סܲȣǵʵǳǿᣬǴ絽ôһ£ĪӻǺ
÷֮УһЩ¼ĹǴ͡ľԪһҲǲȱȫģôٵļƪһִݣҲͬǲȱȫģĪӿ
ĪӱԲʶ֮е첻ã˼֮󣬵Ҳá
ص÷֮ʮ죬Īӿʼһհ֮УԼЩá
ĪӵԲʶ֮첻İΣܹοĶʵ̫ˣ£ЩԼ쳵Чʵȷô
ȵĪӵһΰԼЩһ𣬳ԴһյõĳɹĪԼֱӡ
ҪԺͽܣһФ֮ͽǿ԰ø֤һ굹ˣ˼ջɢԼĳɹĪӿֵ뵽
ڵһʧܣĪвûκεĽ٣˵ô򵥣÷֮ǰ¾ѾˣҪ÷ڻ֮ʱ񽻸Լ
¿ͷѣ˵һԼ۵ĳԣĪֱӷ˶ʱܹ֮ɹͷʼ׵ķŷңչ˼룬ԼԼͷԷ籩ҰЩ˼붼һһ¼ȫ¼֮С
ĪӲָܹݳȴǳԼ뷨ǰľܶĵͷĳЩʱ̣ܱʵֵʱǾŵ뷨
ҪľҳܶĿܣȻĿνЩܱΪʵݳ񾳽֮Ĺ
ĪĳУֱһµӿҪʱŲòͣΪϾҪȥСһѧˡ
м¼Լ⽫һʱĳɹĪӵϴŵ΢Ц
˵ĪԼʱҪջô¼Ḷ́Īջ
ϵĴĦϵһֿܣĪоԼڵƺøһЩҲ׳˲٣ΪԵĽ
֮ϲɽȥСһѧˣҲȵż˰ɣ΢ЦŽеĪĿɽ£תɽ
ټѧѧӽʣʱˣСһĪӵĸĸȵЩżˡ
Щ½½һЩͬѧʸ˼ңѾźǰȥӸѧĪɽԽԽżˣѾĪٲɽǾҪȥɽĪӣĪʵʲôסֽţԼȥټѧá
ԽԽĪҲʱˣĪɽһĪӣǰ˵
Ӷڻˣһ֮ϾҪˣҪٲɾĸϲˣﶫѾʰˣʲôʱ
ĪҲ֪Լеˣüĸĸȵеżˣ̵ͷʾʱԳ
һȥӸСһѧȫ˶׼һȥĸߵȻǲСһĪҲϣܹô˻ᣬĸӸĴ
Ѿʰˣڵ죬ĪӾʹŸĸСһˣһĪӻѡߣϾĸֻͨˣСһСӸĵ·ĪӲԶڸĸСһ˵ͦԶģ½ʵ̫ۣԻǼݴȥȽϺá
ĪͷһСȻԼʻСһ·ϣӸȥ
·;֮УĪһֱעпܴڵΣգһ˻ʲʳķ֮ٵħֳûдܳľв٣Ȼº󶼱ˣĪӻЩģ©֮㡣
Сһ·ӸĪû;зκһֻˮСûУһ·Ϸƽ˾һƽƽľ͵Ŀĵء
СͣͷϣŸĸСһ˴ϴǸмȻٽֵһ꣬׼øĸСһԵ㶫
δӰֱӸһ·ȥʱ䲢ĪϴӸʱһ룬ҲȥʱĸСһٻЩƣ͡
Īע⵽Īɽĸڽ뷹֮ɫ֮΢ЩнСһֻǺҴ
ʵڸո´֮󣬴ƬмʱĪɽ򸾾Ѿ΢оЩнǿмôණȻЩСгļǮǸоߣǹ󣬵ǵȷӰǱҪ
һİĻ뿪ԼϤһУеЩţĪӶԴȫ˽⣬Īɽ˵
ʱѾˣһȥҼҿջס£ȵһ磬ѧ֮ĴתתȻһȥ
ĪɽԣҲûκε⣬ȻһжĪӵİš
һҹ޻ڶһ磬һ˾Сһ˰ټѧá
ˣҪѧϰҪѧԼչԼˣ˰ټѧãԵԽ˷ܵСһĪ΢Цſ˵
ո߽ѧãĪӾߴʵĶصѧ֮ڣ˿˿Ƶ˼֮ʵĶ뵽ټѧڵһ֮УðټѧڵĻĪһʱ򣬸ƽ֮⡣
˼֮ټѧã֮ѧԽԽ࣬ټѧãҲὥΪһЩı仯Īв뵽
˽ѧУܿһλӭڿĪ֮󣬶ԷȻϳĪӣĪӵĳƺֱӾĪ
ڴк֮Īӱ⣬λĴ£ȥܵðѧȻǰȥס
ܵõסһмʵͦԶģĪɽһ̴ƷЩ֮ĪĪʽѧˣܳʱ䣬ѧϰʼµ


һ Ź
СһｫеĶʰãĪӴŸĸ׼뿪ʱСһƺʱʶǾҪԶ븸ĸˣ̲סס˸ĸȿ
Īӵĸ׿ӿ޵ĵӣҲ̲סᡣ
ʲôˣټѧѧϰǺ°ʲôޣĪɽҲЩᣬǿվһԵĪɽô޿ģܻѧԺĲ죬æ˵
һԵĪӶλЦЦԷҲؾһ΢Цʾ⣬һνټѧõѧд󲿷ͶȽС͹ʱ޿ģЩѾ˾ռˣԼġ
СĺӣҲȽǿѧôһʱ䣬ǺܿͻӦѸٵĳɳ
뿪ѧ֮ĪӵĸһһƵƵĻͷֱԶѧõſڣҲҲȻˡ
ĪԭŸĸӸһ䣬ЩӣĪӾʱѹ㣬Ÿĸص˿ջϢһ¡
Ҳ̫ģԺһᾭһѧʲôµģͷİɣڿջϢһ£ҳȥݷһλǰٻĴתһתȻȥȥǰȥһĸͻط䣬ĪӶ˵
ĪɽԵͷ˵ӶȥæɣҺڿջ㣬ص
Īӽ˰ٺã뿪˿ջǰӸԬ
һγԬȣԼЩ˼һҲṵ̂īȫԭⲻĻԼӸӦȥݼһ¡
ԬסĪǰߵţܿһ˳ССͣŨı֮ɫԬĵǡ
ǵѣּˣĪӶЦ˵
ǼĪӣҲֹ̧һƽƽĿڵԭĪ
ĪӿǣƽƽʱоֻǼ򵥵ĴкĶԻƺҲһɱ˵ķΧ
ϴζԬǰȣӸصǰݼһĪӼ˵
Ŷʦ棬ȥһ˵֮תȥˡ
Īվԭأ뿪ıӰĪͻȻ֮üͷ
ˣƺÿһμ᲻ԾܵӰ죡Ī뵽
ǼĴ࣬Ԭ˼죬ǰǴΣһĴҲָͷÿһμǣĪӾԼ᲻ԾܵӰ죬ܵôһı֮⡣
ָоǿĪӵӰҲ΢΢߱ǿ󣬼Īӵʱ֮첻ػӰ͸΢ˡ
£ǻôһӰ죬ֻǳϤҲͰˣָоһֱڣͿеˡ
˼ţͼ˳Īӹ˹˵ʦȥ
ޣлǵˣĪ̵˵ͷȻ˽ȥ
ǸĪӵߣ־֮£ĪϸĵĸӦķһЩŹ֡
ǵϣʱʱ̿ɢһɱ˵ȫȫĪ뵽˰ټҺļҵܹ֮ʫʸ踳չֳĳ̶ֳϾԼ
ʫı羰ʫĿʫĽ̺ͬչķʽҲͬ񵱳ɽ÷ۣײʵĴʫҲܺõ˵ʱĳ÷ø졣
ԬǰǰϴȣõӸݷãǺĪӺܿͼԬĪǰݼ
Ҳ֪ǲԼĴĪܾãǰԬݱԼһμʱƺøӲһЩ
ĪѿˣһƶѾ˵ˣֻǽѣ̸ϴ֮˵⡣ԬĪӣ΢΢¶һ˿Ц˵
ڶøжˣ˶ȽкøУԬҲ⡣
ǰ֮ͣȴǾȻǲģĪЦŻش
ԬԣҲûм⣬Ī̸˼䣬Ҳûʲôýˡ
˵ĪӺλԬҲ죬ϴε˼Ұ֮⣬֮ǰҲǼ棬˴˻һûʲôˣĪӾͷǳɫ׼뿪ˡ
ԬĵǣĪ߳ȥȻĪӴкת˽ȥ
Ī뿪ԬסԺ֮ȴڲϵĻǣССͣôıˣܹӰ쵽Χ
ת֮䣬ĪӾҡҡͷʲô£ԼҲûжĹϵҲòԼҲûʸ
Ī뿪֮ԬסУתصԼķ֮ڣڷ֮еľԣĪӵЦݣʼģı飬ϵĳ΢Цı顣
ɲеʼôˡ
ģǷͽ޹ΪֽӿϣԺ֮ͻȻֳһٻӰűһ˵µʹ࣬о඼Щʹɵʹĵ˵ϣ˫ֽסؿڣССһ𣬲סĲš
Ժ֮һ䷿ڣԬͻȻ˫ۣϵһ˿̣վǵķ棬Ҫƿţȴͣ˶ԥһ£ת뿪ˡ
»صԼķ֮УԬſտķ䣬ͻȻ˵ѵûһĲ̣
һ䣬ԭտķ֮УͻȻһ
ղһǳöŮ֮ȴһ˿ǳԲ԰
ʵ˻Ҫʹ࣡ԬüͷЩĲ̵˵
ͲҪˣԼ飬ӦģնģҾرңǸǳöŮٴ˵
ԬԣĬŲٿڣʶһֱעһ䷿֮еǣƺֱòһЩ
˺ð죬ԬͻȻЩԳһЦȻ󻺻ı˫ۣջԼʶ˸۲Ĳ
ԼѱʲôʸȥˣңԼܹʲôأһ̣ԼЩɱԼɱģһ䷿֮еǡ
Īӻصջʱ򣬿ʼĪɽ򸾣Ӹȥ˲ٵĵط
Ӹķ֣һûгӰصĪɽ򸾣ۻңҲһЩ
ĪţҲûˣʼ־ִٲʲôϡû⣬ͻߵĪӣҲ»ᱻЦ
ڶһ磬ĪӴŸĸٴȥټѧãСһһ棬ⲻһ޿䣬ѾҪúܶˡ
Īӵ뿪֮Сһڰټѧ֮УĿĪӸණֿ˺ܶµĺӣһЩŮİοѾʼˡ


һ һγ
գɵСһĸĸĪӻصϤӰأŸĸһصºӹ塣
ûֵСһһӾͱ˲٣Īɽ򸾶ЩϰߣǿҪӦһʱ䣬ܹϰûߵӡ
Сһ飬ǸһˣĸʱҲûʲô£ĪͻȻðһͷ
ҪҪȥĴһ£һʶܹŪһЩܹϵҲοһ¡÷УĪ°뵽
ھػм£СһҪȵؽлؼž۵Ļᣬصٵְй۵˰Լֵ÷ߣ԰հ΢չһ£ֻҪ÷ʲô¾ͿԣԼĸҲʲô£Լеĺûᡣ
뵽Ī̾ԼҪȥǰȥհס
Īȥһ°ɽºӹǱĪֲصģһĪֿŵģֻǲ֪Ī׼ȥãҪȥأհĪҪȥʾǳͬͬʱҲĪӵĴ㡣
ֻȥʱ䣬Կ϶ȥ̫Զ׼ȵΧļݿĪӻش
հԵ˵ͷΧݺͲݣĪֶȥǱߣĪʱòҪȥϾھݣĪֻСΪϣҽĪֿȥݣһ򽭵ķ⣬ȻȥԶľݿһݵľڣ̫ص֮һĪҪҹȥӦòĪʧ
лֵĽ飬ҼסˣĪӶհ׸ĽǳӣѾͰհ׸Լ·ߣǰһ£ȻǰݣܷҼʶһ̫ص֮һڣĴţ֪׻кε
徳ڵĸţЩС׵һ̸߲˵ЩԳƵŵĴţ˵ԷΪࡣ
һλ컯ܣ˵̫صţֱǾںţǴƾãŵĴʼˣ̫ص𴫵˵̫һֻһ̫һڡ
ֵһǣ֮Уû̫͵ĴУ̫ͺ̫һλɵʱ䶼Ƚ̫͵Ĵ֮У̫һĴУֻһݶ֤컯λȴֻ
֮⣬һЩţǱĴҲǲ֮УһЩ֮߳ΪţĴֿ
հ뿪Īǻһ˼ң߸ĸԼҪһʱ䣬ʲô˵£ȥհװæȻͻɽʼʰҡ
ʵҲûʲôҪĶԼγȥҪʱ䣬ԺΰȥѷŴغãȻתɽˡ
ɽɽ£Ī߽÷ãʦ㡣
ʦ׼ȥһˣ֮ھܻ⼸ʱͲܸ˼ˣ˼֣е¯֮УĪӶ÷˵˵֮תȥˡ
뿪ãĪӡһ֮䣬ΧɽȻԽԽŨ׵ĽɽڵʵʵΧһƬҲ֮бѼ
һ۱ڱεɽĪӾûʲô©ˣǱת뿪
ʱ֮ĪһӸڣֻһûмͣǼֱϣӼ뿪Ӹ
ӵΣԽԽڿĺϣһСٵϣͷվһɣĿⲻסĴķ羰
Ӹ뿪̾뿪ݾڣӸΣһ񸮣ϸ˵ӽĵطʵ񸮾ڡ
ֻֻ񸮵һСƬ򣬶ӸȫӸ֣䵽Ӹͷϡ
ھ񸮵ʱĪӲûͣһ׼ĪӴԼʱ񸮣һķ⡣
һ·ϣ־˰죬Ī뿪ݵĵؽ磬˲ݵķΧ
ʱҹĻѾˣڿĺֻĪһСΧϣҲһƬҰﲢû̡
ĪվڴͷͷϿķǣˮ췱ǵĵӰ
Ļ֮УĪӼԦСоԼͷ·ʻǺ֮УΧǳš
˾ĪӲɵã̧ͷǳоͷЩңԶǳһ̣·ֿɼһ㡣
Īʼ÷ɣڴͷ£ı˫ۣڵתʶʶ֮еĹͼ뵽״̬С
ΧӵĪʶ֮Уٴλ˲ҲΪӰ죬ͼеɫҲ˺ҹ֮вûǹ⣬ֻһƬڡ
Īչ֦ҶϵĿգͼһƬڰȥѰҸղ貵ǳ
ͻȻ֮䣬Īʶ֮е첻ƺҲܵĪӵ뷨âøһЩ
ĪӵĹͼУԭһƬڰ첻âøǿһɲǣͻȻ֮˵һǹ⣬ǵڶ㡢㣬ϰٵǹ⣬ԭһƬڰС
ЩǹⲢ࣬ȴõĵ׺һƬĺĻ׺ĪҪǿա
ҪǿյĿ£Īӵٵĳɳ꣬Ҳڿٵ׳š
ڣŲĲϳɳĪ˵֦ҶڴͷƬǳеһţȻⲢǳֻһССǹ㣬ڴһɲǣĪӵлһԵкϲøС
ҲͬʱĪӸоʶ˹ͼԼΧһɲͬϤİδӴϤǰǰ
ǣǳ֮ĪӾһ𣬻õǰȻȱȫǳ֮ȴܲʶ
Īȫû뵽ԼĵһҹȻ£ʶ֮У첻İ£Ӧǳ֮
鼤֮£ĪҲûа취֮ˣʶ֮첻ĹâҲ»عԭ˫ۡ
ͷȻһƬǳ貣û첻İĪȴҲ޷оǳ֮ҲĪ֮еġ
̽һԼڵĪӷԼΪвС꾳ֽһҲøǿһЩ
Īϲģʶйͼ֮ڣ첻İ£۳һǳЩȫǳ֮ջ֮һ
֮ϲ
ӦŹͼ֮ڵǳ֮Īгϲ֮飬һǳ֮Ȼ࣬ȫﲻǹˮ󣬵ҲܹԼ治١
Ԫˮ¼Լ޷صһЩֶΣĪѾѧϰˡмҪõǳ֮ԼΣգҪһɱЩǳ֮ʱ


һ ϣ
峿ĳ𣬽ɫˮϣһССĴһ㵭Ľԡ
ҪطˣĪվڴͷΧԽԽĴֻ֪Լǿ쵽طˡ
ҹĪӵСͷ·һССȱڣĪҹ֮ĵһֻˮɵġ
ֻˮֻ൱磬ֻĪӵʱոΪǳ֮ԭһʱиȵȵˮӽʱĪѸٵĲ佫һС顣
֮ԽǰʻĪӲˮԽԽ࣬Ī˳ֽ˼ֶֻֻСôļֻֻǸոôһ൱磬ĪҲû̫˼ȥˡ
ΧĺѾԽԽˣĴֻĪӵʻżдϵ˺ĴĪӣеһЩĪӽкʿһͳǰȥˣǱ˺ܶ࣡
Īϵ˽кתͷһ΢Цû̫ᣬϵ˼ĪӲᣬҲеգҶֻ˳һѣ˵˵ԼͿˡ
ʦ˵ӿڵܹۿˣǰԶĴֻһǳϿڵΣγһǳ׳۵ٲѾĪӲԶˡ
Ī֪Ӻ򽭵ķֽ֮ҲӵԴͷԼǽ׸ˡ
ĪӼʻСոսӽһƬĴֻȺ֮УвٵĿ䵽ĪӵϣĪ˳ЩĿȥЩĿˣʱɫͬľ裬ɫ˵ͷ΢ЦҲĮŲߡ
ĪӲûЩ˵̬ȣЩ˵Ϊ
ǲȻôߣĪһȥˮϵĴֻ˼ȫߣҲһߺͰټҵӣûΪķ֮١
ȻЩߵΪôߣΪߵģΪֻ꾳磬ΪһЩģ׿Ǽλͨ˲˵ĪҲ˼ģôߣĪӻǵһμ
ѣǵһμɣ⴬ɲаһθλǰŸһ⴬һӾɢˣĪڸеȵʱһ
תͷһͼһҴʻ˹վˣһΪﵽ꾳磬һΪֻ硣
ԷĻĪӽĿ䵽˶ԷĴϣ̷֣ҴȻһ
ĪҲûиеȣÿ˶ԼһʻһͨСľһϡ¶
ŴϵһЦĪӿ˵ȷǵһι߳ʶҲûڴʲôջ񣡡
ϵԶһۣȻǸ꾳ʿڵΪԸĻҴҴϤһ£ԸæĻкõȻҲеѵһ档
ʿȻԼĪЩĶ΢˼һ£׼ҪӦͻȻ͸оˮһ󸡶ɵ̧ͷӿڵķȻͿΰ׳۵ٲ֮Уһˮ˳ٲлôֻ;޴ģֻ;޴ˮһ֮У̾ˮ
ţһͻȻ𣬡СˣǷֻһΪ͵ĸϽ㡣
ĪӻûзӦԱߴλʿ̽˵ѿϴεǰŴһˣһֻ
˵ĻĪתһԾٵλʿĴȻû̫״ĪҲԸ룬³ûʲôջԼԲһ
ոյλʿĴλ꾳ʿ̽ע봬Уһ
λʿҴ֮⣬ϵĴҲ඼ˣЩûзĴǿŰ߿£
ոĪӾͿӿٲֻа׵Ӵˮ˳ٲڵһˮ
ֻˮһֻ;޴ļ㣬һֵι״ˮΪ㶼񾳽硣
ֻˮˮһǣˮһˣĪӸղСˮ˵Ĵ֮У̱ĳ˷顣
ˮϴĴֻΪ˷ֻǱһЩ
һž޴ͷ­ˮҧˮϵһҴֻһֻˮҲԾˮ棬޴ڿһ˦·ˮϣٴһˣһˮղŲ֪ǿ˶١
򣡡
֪˭һˮϵЩֻϵˣһͬʱ֣Ƿͬһʱ֣Ŀֻˮ
ѣȸɵֻˮĪϴλʿתͷĪӼҴ˵һ䣬ʩչֻˮ
ĪӼ״Ҳûԥӡǰ۳һḷֻ̌ˮȥ
һʱ䣬ͷ׷ɣӿһƬӳĵɫ
̫׳ˣֱȷ̻ҪƯĪӿͷвɵ΢΢еЩ˷ܡ
Լһǳˣ²ô̵ʱ䣬ԼȥΪȡ˽ɵһЩǳ֮ڻҼĳ档
ôʿĿը֮£ֻ񾳽ˮҲԲϾ־磬ಢûдﵽ޷ֲĳ̶ȣһֹֻˮ̶ͬˣֻֻ޴ļȽǿһֹܵ˱һֻˮҪ˺ܶࡣ
ˮٴηĪӿԿֻӴˮڸղų˴֮̾ҪˮߣӵΡ
ĪӸҪλʿԼ˵ѿ֣ջʱˣ
λʿһ˵ţһһӣ佻ĪУԼֱӴקһӣȻѾʼ߶
ĪӼ״̫ܲҲѧץסӣעУȻţĪӾѸô£
ӵһ˴ڴϣһˮ£ˮµһϵһĹӣӼӹӣҷףͬڿݵķ
Īʶʱˮ£еĴֻ¶Ĺӣֻˮ϶ȥսǸι״ˮ׵İסȻùӹһƬƬѪƬ
ֻˮʹȻԱˮŵһȻͼˮϣһˮ𣬽ʮҴ߸ߵôңڱʱ򣬴ͱ롣
ˣϵȻҲܲˣĪӿһˣڷһҽ֮˲䱻ˮأնԷΪѾǱ֮ˡ
һĻĪвһʦ˵Ļ
һȽΣյĻ˽˻˲ٵԴǰ


һ £
ܿĴֻ֮гʣЩֻȻûоţ侲ĲˮЩĹӣֻոշˮϵƬѪⲻϵĴߡ
̶ʮ֮䣬ֻˮĹӳ׵ĹϷ˸ɾˮĹͷҲûʣ¡
ֻ㣬Щ֣ŷȽǿˮµƣȻӹЩӣȻٵ˳ֱ£ת˲ӳ˺Զ
ѿ׷ֻˣĪתͷʿ˵
ʱλʿϴЦݣű봬֮еѪ⣬ĪӵĻ˶һۣȻλ꾳ʿЦ˵
ѵһβμҲ֪֮ߵһǲ׷ġ
׷ΪʲôĪüͷʵ
ΪӵΣˣȽƶ񤣬Դϡ٣Щߵ©֮㣬Ǳߵʿ˵ɶԴÿһЩ©֮㣬ǲ׷ģЩʱ򣬻ҪһЩȥλ꾳ʿ͵
ȻĪЩӣû뵽֮ʱֵˮȻιģΪǸݵһЩԴֲǰԼӰأÿһˮЩˮΪߵҲֻ꾳磬ӸǱҲкͲЩͬ˼Խ񾳽ˮһЩΪȽϵ͵СȥεʿһЩԴ
ȻкôҲлôһ˻棬һЩͨꡣ
뵽ԼʰЩˮĪۼЩˮѨ֮е˹ǣüͷ΢΢һ¡
ҲϺٻȫ飬ܻԣúôͬʱҲеӦĻ
ѣǼɣˮˮôץҪƾˣСһЩ꾳ģλ꾳ʿĪӽִ꣬ҴҶĪ˵ȻŴµĹӣܿˮйһֻ
ĪԣҲûмЩͬжٿŴµĹӣʶһֻ꾳ˮĹӱֻˮ
Ȼţֻˮ̷ˮҡΣĪֻôһȻȻˮˮϿٵĻ
Աʿ⧲֮£Ҳ˻ΣȻλ꾳ʿ̽ע봬ڻĴȶȻûͣסǻƽȣٶȼˡ
ѣˮˣһʿѸٵķӦæˮµĹӣһֻ꾳ˮ
ĪӲˮµĹӣоЩŤµҴһƷмƲ֪׵Ĺӣ൱ڿﵽƷĲΣʵޣĪӵĲ֮£ѾˣĪӵΪˮµĹӹѾˡ
ĪǰʰˮϰֱӴһЩˮɵķʽĪЩǰˣоͺ㡣
ˮµһֻ꾳ˮҪﵽʲôʱ򣬶Էܾƣ
Īһסеӣһֻճ֣Ѹٵӡһˮ档
ӵĺӵףĪ⣬һˮݷ·һ㣬ѸٵȻǸ꾳ˮƶȥգۼͽ˸ʵʵ
Ī̲ˮµĹӣѾסˮŴһλʿҲһϲɫͬˮµĹӣ֧ˮ
ʱ֪ˮºηһֻӣͻȻĮӵĪ
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ԱǸʿɫҲ΢΢һֱӿ˲Ҫˣ
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̧ͷǸһۣһҴСеȵĴϣһվ߰˸ʿһˣʱҲڿĪӡ
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ĪЩã־ܹʶʲôǷǣǣҲ֮ˡ
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λ꾳ʿĻĪӶ΢΢Щ̶ĪҲܹԷ˼ֻܱѡ
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׼߻ûԶĴ󴬣ҲߵѸٿ˻׼ʱְæˡ
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ڵҹ֮УɢŰ׹ˮˮҲԵøԣж켣ܱĿԱקŴϵĸ֣Ϊ˱ⱻߣҲϽʩչֶΡ
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ȻĪóһУٵĽһմȾѪҺɼ֮Уʦ÷˵մȾǿѪҺڲľŷǳЧ񾳽ˮ֪㲻ǿı׼Ͼ֣Щȥ÷£ҲǶ÷кôģҪûãǾ͵Լռ걾ˣҲʲô
ĪڿЩ֮ĿͻȻˮ棬һ㲻ղ뿪Ǽ˵ĻĪת뿪˺Ӱ
Ī뿪֮󲻾ã򽭵ˮϣһССԴˮ͸˳磬һ˫۾֮ˮת⿴һŮӡ
ϰ¶ˮʱ򣬱鲼ϵƬУһ˿졣
Ѿһ˵ĺӰֻˮƫԴ룬ֳ˽С
ڶ죬峿̫׸ǵıŰ£ʼıƿ
Īվڳſڣǰߴĳǽɵÿڳһ䣬׸ĸǣ
ǰĳǽĪӼӸҪӵĸߴΰǽͨ񣬷·һִʯʸУÿһǽש϶¼ŷģȻͨשʯ
ĳǽֱӾ͸һĺظУ̧һɨĪӵĵһӳ񣬾ǰһǡ
ǽ֮ϣسǵʿȻ࣬ǹѪɷȴĪֻ֪ҪһʲôǾͻǧ̶
ڳſŶӵĶ飬ĪҲųȥھſڵһ˲䣬ĪͻȻоһɷ֮Լɨƺڹ۲Լ
ĪӲɫ߹ȥ׸ĳڡ
׸ĸǣĿҴһ£ĪӾȽ϶ĵطȥһһ߿׸ڵ
Χķ۴αȣû˿֮УӸǱ𲻴󣬽֮ʱĪӸоӸģӦһķΧ
ڣĪһ·ڽֵУ߼洦ɼһЩټҵĵӣĪӻֱߵСһЩȱҲĺۼǴӾġ
¥￴ȥһԼĪߵһ¥֮ǰңвٵĿ˶ߣĪӾ̧˽ȥ
ҹ뿪򽭺Ӱ֮ڳѾ˵ԭĪӾڳȹһҹǼλĵѺԼܵϢѾԼ׸֮еļƻ
ԷƼ㣬ĪӵȻҪһģ׸򽭱ߣ⿳㣬ӦòԼʧġ
߽¥֮УһСĪһǰ£ȻݸĪһݲ˵΢Цʵ
λǰԵʲô
ĪӴһλСԷȻҲһλߣֻΪ磬ûжɹĹؿԷѾСˣƾǽͻƵ磬³ɾҲ̫ߡ
ĪеĲ˵ϲ¶һ˿Цݣ֮֮ǰȥЩꡢ¥ĪӶûϲ˵ģû뵽ڲݾˡ
еĲ˵ĪӾͿĲȣ࣬峴ը󣬸ֻĶУͬ۸Ҳơ
Īӿһ۸ҪʮöǮɵаէۣ࣬Ҳǲ˰
ԱߵСɫɫĿˣòԹɫȻĪϲû¶ʲôĪϸ˵ĶС֪ĪӦǵһ¥Ǳڽܵ
ǰ¥׸֮ڣһľ¥ǰӦǵһҸһǵƲˣǲ꾳ˮѪ⣬ϸɣζҶ궼ǰ⡭
СڸĪӽţ˵ûɫĪÿڳһӣ˼Ʋˣ۸ʮöǮĪӸоЩۡ
Լһֻ꾳ˮҲֻöǮһٷͲ໨֮һԼӰصĵٹһ굽ͷҲûôࡣ
ǲеƮˣʮöǮܹһƷˣͱôһٷԵˣĪӻЩ۵ţĲ˺ܿˡ
һͨСɫɫɢ˵ζСƼʣ¼ˣҲķǳȫ꾳ˮѪ⿶ɡ
ǰãСĪӹһȻҲûתôŲŲͬʱһЦĿĪӡ
СӣĪ΢΢һ㶣Ȼת׹ԼҪǮ
ʮöǮˣҲںһööˡĪоȤһóһöǮС
СĪӶǮסϵЦݱøӲˣĪһϹ˵лǰٵȥ
ȵС뿪֮ĪӿʼƷϵĲȣǶһسһڡ
㣬ʣڣĪӾ͸оԼٷǮûа׻ڴ֮֮ζĪӶЩ᲻ý¡
븹ĪָоһˮʼԼĸҲҪԼȥ㿪ʼԼڣЧȻ絤ҩҲԵ۸ˡ
еĪƷĲȣζҲ
һٷ꣬ĪӾԼʮöǮĻֵͦģԨӰصʱĪӸʦԵǼƬƬΪ˱ЧζĪӵȻϲ־⿵ʳ
ڽ߳ȥʱСӭ˹ĽĪͳţ֮ǰĪ˵һ䡣
λʦĲ
ǣ¥ʦǴӰټʳģСҲڻһ䡣
ֲãĪӵͷЦЦȻ˳ȥ
ʳңͬҲǰټ֮һѧɵơʳΪ족˵һλũҵѧӴģڰټѧ֮Уѧǳﲻࡣ
˵⿵ζҵһ뵽ľͻʳҡ
ټ֮еʳҵӣӸǾԼģɴҲԿӸ׸֮Ĳࡣ
߳¥Īһߣһ߻ܹоԼԴԴԼͬʱҲԼڱһЩ
ʽϧ̫ˣĪһһ


һһʮ 
׸֮תһ죬ĪӶԱߵĸǣѾһ˽⡣
ԼӸӵķ֮洦ɼΪĹϵ̾Ŵɢޣͬʱ׸ĳڣҲפһ֧ӴĻʳӡ
ôһȻȡԴĵطջͬʱҲΣգϾ֮Ŵˮһֱɱ֮ҲôΣˮϰ׸ǵľ
ҾӵãֻǶԸˮЩɢ޵ãͬʱ׸Ҳǻʳһ֮ǣ֮ˮѪ⹩ӦܹþеĽʿٵĳɳĪ򽭼ļҴ󴬣оһڻʳӡ
׸ǵĵڶ죬Īһ򽭸һ֣˽ǰ̯ȴ࣬·Ҳе̣ٵʿЩ֮нԵ÷ȴ˿ҡ
Ī߽֣סЩֵԵ̯λѰԼҪĶ
ˮѪ⣬ݡ廨ŵķзҩԼһЩӰ˵ĶԻÿһ˿ۻҡ
ĪӿЩû̫ãһЩ̯λϵĶĪҲЩĶ
ڣĪӽŲͣһ̯λǰΪ⴦̯λϣڷŵĶǸмʮٵ˶⴦̯λǰפ㡣
̯λһλȽϵ꾳ʿΧڵӣһԲ˿ЩΧ۵Ŀˡ
λ̯Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪ÷λ̯Ӧú÷һҲһλɢޣѾСˣĪӵĸо÷һЩơ
ĪӻĶӣ̯λһĿ⿴һ̯е˻Ρ
̯˵ͷʾĪԱ㡣óݾǼƵģֻܶһСֻ֣ǽдϢʲôļ֡
Īӽʶ̽е̿ĺСһϢһַֽ֮Ƴɵķֽܹɵóʿ˵Ƚá
ĪӿеҲһЩ΢΢ĶȻݶôǺܴ󣬵ҲûнӴ֪ʶ
ѣ֪ۼۼΣĪӶ̯ʵ
İöǮһö٣λ̯һĪӳ˵
ô󣡡ĪаһһγĿǰӴĶȽ٣رּֽĪҲ֪ļֵжȻЩĶȴʱûнĴ㡣
ԼϵǮûж٣һٷͻ˰ʮöǮ΢ƻһ£ȵҵԼҪĶϵǮȴһЩԼǺܼȵĶϣǾ̫Ӧˡ
еŻ̯λĪһһݵصһʿΪĵҩĪҲûʼ۸񣬽ŻԭλԱߵ鿴
̯λеĪ鿴һ֮󣬷дҪôĳЩҪôĳַ֮ҪôһЩμ֮ĶҲУ̯λһƪ
ˮ澭⡷Īӿǰüͷֱһ֡
һݹݹ˵ûжĲοֵһ֡ˮ澭ǲȱģ꾳֮ݶûУҲͬǲȱģȱøأڿʼͶûˡ
⡷ݹǲȱͺĪġľԪһһΪȫĹֻ񾳽ڣĪӵĹôһ㡣
Ī̧ͷ̯˵Ļûпڣλ̯ڵ
ˮԪ澭ǧöǮһǧöǮ⡷ǧöǮ
λ̯ļ۸ĪӸоԼҪҭסˣ⼸ݶûжοֵ򣬼۸һ㶼ˣ˵ġҪһǧöǮĪ΢Ȥġ⡷۸ǴﵽǧöǮܲˡ
̯ЦЦĪӽ°ڷŻԭλվ׼뿪
Ī˰죬̯λ򶼿һ飬ʲôû׼ߣ̯΢΢һüͷȻ󿪿˵ѣ򣬼۸Ѿǳˣرݡ⡷Щ֮УͬȲεĹܹǧöǮԿһ£
Īͣס˽Ų΢΢תͷЩ̣ЩԥҪҪЩȥʣ
̯λϵ۸˵֮е򣬼ǮӦֻ󣬾ҵԼҪĶҲһԼܹġ
̯λϵĶǲ⡷ĪӵҲô󣬽ϣȡľԪ΢ôһ㣬ôһĲ࣬ĪĿǰѾĹֲܹ
̯λϣܹĪȤģ򣬵Щļ۸񣬳Ǽμ֮⣬Ҳôˡ
ŵѣɬĹ𣬵⼸򣬵ܱܲһ㣿Ī¶˵
һΣλ̯ûлشֻĿĪһۣȻһơ
˼ȻԼѡĪԲ뿪
Լ̯ĲĪŷӦϰ̯ģ̷ҲߣҲӵ⣬˲˳ۣ㡣
̯ˣĪҲûûȤվһҵȥ
Լ𣬵ȥЩʣûԼҪĶ˳úõ˽һ¼۸Ȼ취Ū֡
һҵУ̾һӭһλŮޡ
λǰʲôģ
ĪӴǰŮޣڵΪ൹ǿԳƵ̬ҲǳĲ
ʹ񾳽ϵۣĪֱӽӿżɽʵ
˸ˣλŮĪӵʻв΢΢һϲϵЦݱøӲˣ˵Ȼеģǰ
Ů޴Īһ̨ǰ̨һλʿһʿĴ磬һۿ
ƹλǰҪ񾳽ϵŮ޿Ź̨ʿ˵
λʿԣעеջأȻ̧ͷĪӣ¶Ц˵񾳽ϵɣ
ʿ˵仰֮󣬶λŮ޵˵ͷȻִĪһ䷿У䷿ڻλʿ塣
ĪӿһĻĿתʿʿҲĪӴѯĿ⣬ֱӽĪӴ뷿һ£Ȼߵλʿǰһλ˵ʲô˵ݸʿһӹ֮ʿ߻ĪӵߣȻӴ֮Уó˼Īϣ΢Цſڵ
뿴⼸򣬿ɺϵѵҪ󣿡


һһʮ 
ŰڷԼǰļֿ˿ȫԼǱˣĪһ򣬿ʼ̽еݡ
ܿ죬ĪӾޱĽˣһ򣬵ȷǰԼҪһܹ񾳽磬еݣֻܱ̽鵽ıɽһǣͷݹǳǳҲ̫Ҳֻܹ񾳽磬ԼĹҪԶ
ĪҲû̫ʧһĵԱȸղǷݺãȻû취ĪĶٻһһ̽鵽ʱĪҵһݲĹɵһ񣬶Ժļڴˡ
ȻԽԽǺöĪӽ⼸֮һֱӿڵ
֪ۼۼΣ
Ѻ۹⣬ݡϳ˵ţЩСŵĹҲǺѷɫܹ磬ǵݹպܹڴ˻һǱɿڣʿĪӿʼۣǿڿһȻŸһ۸
ݹǶһ޶ʴˣۼöǮ
򣡡Ī֣̱һµܹܹ󣬵û뵽Ȼ̶ֳȡ
öǮ۸ڵĪ˵ԿˣеĶóǶһܹճ֡
Ī¶ɫʿҲûдߴ٣ȴѾȻһɬģҽʼ۸ģŶһЩģʿһԣԼܷ׮ɡ
ǮҲһЩչ⣬ǸϣǷ֮࣬궼չġʿЦе˵֮ԣǸĪӣһòôǮҪóֵƷҲǿġ
ĪԷĻԼóĶֵҲ
ĪȻΪʿϸһĪӣȻͻȻһĿ˵
һʱ֮ɬĺҪ򣬵Ҳû취
ĪԣͻȻþǰľν취ǽݾǱȽϿӣԽĺãԽҪ߾衣
Ŷƹкμ̣о裬Īӻǿһ䡣
ҹ۵ᣬѾΪʵʲٽȻʲôҲԸӢţԸٽݹ򣬾͵ƸѵƸҪõĹٽҲṩʿԴջ˵
ƹ˵ЦˣĪ˶ԷĻ̾վеŻصϣƹĹ֣תȥ
ߣԸٽҵҲǿѣˣʿҲվڽסĪӡ
ͬʱһֱڷ֮λʿڽĿת׼߳ȥĪӡ
һ˲䣬ĪӸоԼѾʶһɳصѹѹϡ
λ񾳽ʿĪɫ΢΢һ䣬ϵʼתѾʼ߶Ƚ䱸ˣǿгȥĴ㡣
ĪţλҲ֣Ҳգ񣬼ȻԸٽȻҲǲǿģٽ⣬Ǳֵ˼ңԵѲҪ뿪ڿԱˣպҪҲӭٴι١ЩˣʿæڣֱĪӣλĹ˵
Էһ䣬ĪӸоԼʶջأҲȭ˵˼ٳţγ֮ǰңն񣬳һҪСģһʱ֮Щˣƹ֣ɬţˣ
ת߳ҵ̣һֱȳ˴ţ˽ϣĪŻһ
ȻԼղŵȷЩˣǶԷȷǷǳ̡
ٽζŷɣȥȡһݹĪӸܲ˵ģҲȫͶԷ̸⣬ԲŻ׼ֱ뿪
ĪڲʶļֵжôĴԼʦ÷ռЩû̫οֵԼƬҲûٷѾ
Ūȵƣ㹻Ǯܿǹ¡ĪӻУһһŸղŵľ
뵽Ƶ⣬Ī뵽Լոյ׸ָɵһֻ꾳ˮ׬ԼĵһͰ𣬽Ҫƣһܺõѡ
뵽ĪӾԼƺٲμӼΣ˵ܹСջ򵽼ݹ
ԼģȻм£ݼƻҪȥ׸̫ͣõʱ䡣
ĻҪƾԼȥ׬ǮȻ򹦷뷨ƺԼļƻЩͻ
ǳȥ򣬻Щ;ܹһùأĪͷ۵뵽һͻȻ˵ͷ߼·ԼҪĹǸöá
ĪڵͷţͻȻߵȺһЩɧ׷һȥ
Ī˳Ⱥܶķȥ˶£ֵһǰ
ֿĪ룬ʱѷ׵Ժ󣬴˹ȥ
γģѰҲοȻУҲôһСΪﵽ񾳽֮ǰԼʱ仹ǱȽϳԣģ֮ôͼѰңҪδѣΪ׼ϾԶǣнǣЩȵµͷȥǣľеˡ
ĪӴսȺʱ򣬷ǰѾһʵʵòײҵһܿĪӴչȥһ̷һԼеЩĶ
һ˫ЩƵģһĶĪûпĻӦþǰϣ֮ץֱĳ򣬶Χ˵Ľ̸Ҳ϶һ㡣
񾳽ϵĲϣۼһöǮǲ˰ͨ񾳽ˮѪ⣬ҲܹۣȺǰ
Īӽ仰ڶУ΢΢鴤һ£ĶĶ󣬶뵽ԼղſЩļ۸񣬱ϵĲϣҪôࡣ
ʵҲᴫôţԼҵ䱦ͨɢޣҲй¶Լļ۸ˣӦòһ¡
ǰϲץģ˵ͬĶѾˣʣһ˫򣬼ֵͲߣȴ̫÷֣Ҫһһֻ˫ǷˣɴóֱۣӰջǮƽ֣ǸɴһЩǰ˽̸ٴδԷȻϢȽͨˣ֪ıȽ
Ŷ˵Ϊ˲׽ֻ֣˼񾳽ĸ֣ƺ̫㰡
ʲô˵һλȥ񾳽ֵĴ䵽ûһĶŽпϧˣ
ǰǿϧˣô꣬ĶˣҲôһ

ǰ̸ڼվںĪӣ˫ȴ֪ԼӦôŪˣֻƺеΣգ


һһʮ ˮж
վ򽭵ĺϣĪӿĽˮĪĹʡ
ڲ֮ǰֵʱǰ˵ĶԻĪ֪ҪٵĻùȥ;֮⣬һʺԼĻǰǰ򽭡
򽭵Ϊֹ꣬ʱ֮УÿһջͬʱҲôһʿڡ
һˮĸб˻Ҳк֮ܶ࣬Уȥôʱ䣬ˮеĶԲ١
Ī뵽ùİ취ЩڽеĶ
ܹ֮вμΪ඼񾳽磬ϵĴ֮УЯĹǾԶܹ񾳽ĹֵƣܹЩŪĪӲܹõЩֱǵõһ޴ıء
ɹˣܹõȻǲ˵ǱصΣգҲͬǼġ
Щ֮У˶֪ȴûм˸ȥЩ⣬ԭеΣգȥ̣ûϰ
вԹûкˡ
뽭ȥЩͬʱȫ˵ˣΪ磬ҲϽ
ԿҪǲоûԥ̫ãĪӾѾ⡣
׸ߵеƵʷǳƵÿһΣ죬ܾͻһΣȫҪĽ֮еˮ׽ˡ
һŹȥʱ䣬Ϊ׽ֵĴ̼εͻῪʼڽѾһЩ˿ʼ׼ˣرӿڵ·һЩֻѾںпʼռλãȴʼ
Ҳûȥ׼һ£ԸܹԸ֮еıУҿ˿Ī֪ӽϵһܺõˮʱʱУԼԻȥú׼һ¡
һҹȥڶһ磬Īϳŵʱ򣬾ͷ׸ڣ˲٣ٵһˣȻܵ򽭽ϣȥμ߾ȥˣⲻ˻һЩչˡ
Ҳȥˣڵʱ䣬ൽ쿪ʼʱĪӱҲӿȥ
ûãĪӾٴ򽭵ĽϣɺһʱһˣǼҴ󴬣ӿ·ĺϣ򱻸Сռݡ
ĪûߵֱӽĿͶ˽ϣҴ
ϵЩȻ࣬ǺͽϵļҴȣߵԵЩСС֣õ棬ҲεĴ󴬡
Īͬʱ۲ŽϵļҴ󴬣ȻѾǵڶοЩˣĪûʲôᷳС
һĪȿҴʱѾһЩʱ䣬ԲûпʼḶ́ʱȻΧҪһЩҲŸոտʼ˵ĿʼĻ档
ĪӵʶҴϵˣ׼ϽһЩɫҺ嵹뽭УΧĽ棬ȾһƬѪ졣
ǣѪĪԼûв´Щ뽭еĺɫҺ壬ӦȫѪҺ
ҲԣÿһʼһˮΧڼҴ֮࣬ˮֲɵӣԼǵʲô취
ӦòֻͨѪҺӦûĶҲûа취ջôˮ
ĪӿżҴΧɫϵɢһЩˮ£˹ζϾҪʼˡ
տʼģΪȽϵ͵ˮֻ磬ˮЩ᲻̫Ȥм񾳽ʿʩЩΪȽϵ͵ˮֱӿڡ
ܿ죬ʼˣһһҴϵĽ޼䣬һѹŴˮ¶ˮ棬һżųôһֻٵıץϴȥˮ
һΣҲûϴͻȻðһ֣Ҳζûżһλʿ©ԱߵҲʩԮ֣Խʱ򽭽ûгκӿڵ˼ɢޡ
ʱʱѾ磬Ҵ󴬿ʼߵҲɢȥˣĪȴ΢΢Ͼðһʱˡ
ȵɫ΢΢򽭺ϣֻʣĪӺһˣʶΧһɨĪʶַΧ֮ڣûзκ˵ټ
ĺһĪһˮȥŲӴˮʱĪӿʼתڵһӡ
ˮж뷣
ԭΪӴˮĪʶ֮е첻âͱøһЩĪʩչʱ첻ͷ·𱻴̼ˣȻâøˣĪϵɫĹâһͻȻʧԭأһϢʣ
ĪֻоԼһ̣ƺȫȫˮУԼ·򽭵һ֣һˮع˴󺣣оޱȵС
ϣԪˮ¼еţܹҽջ񣡡ĪӸоһԼڵ״̬ĬĬ뵽
ųԡԪˮ¼֮еĵĪӽ̤֮֮Ѱԭ֮һһԭ򣬵Ȼʶ֮е첻ˡ
Īӵǰ֮һźպĵж̥ڵжݷܹͨڽľˮ֮УĪʩչˮжж֮еˮжֻǱһж֮еˮݣҪһ㡣
ټʶ֮е첻⣬Ա֤Īʩչˮж¶˿ϢᱻЩˮ֡
Īӳһֻ꾳ˮԣΧֻˮת˼ȦֻˮûκεĲڽţȫûзԵĪӡ
ˮַӦĪһϲԼȻûб֣ǽԼӦȥѰЩںӵ׵ıˣֻҪԼСһ㣬ӦþͲʲôˡ
ˮ£ĪӿʼСˮ̽ҷųԼʶΪˮµˮʵ̫࣬Īܹ״̬סԼڷųʶ֮һӴĳֻˮͻбķա
ȻĪʵҲҪųԼʶƾˮ֮򣬼첻İˮܸӦķΧܱͷųʶҪӵԶֻûʶӦô
ôԶĸ֪ΧĪȴû̷ԼҪĶֱϵ³ͬʱϸȥӦڽ֮УӦһǳ΢
ҵˣԤԼջĪǴطȥ
׵ܺ񣬶ĪӸӦĶͱں֮УĪƶˮҪ֮еĶŪƺЩˮƿһЩΧˮЩǣȴûнǼŪ
ôһ£ĪѾĸо֮еҲĪӸоˣΧεһֻˮƺҲо֮жĪ˹
ιֻˮĪ΢ԥһ£ûмʲôˮԱ߿š


һһʮ ͵ˮϳ
ˮ֮ҵĵһôһֻˮغˣĪˮֻ࣬ˮ·˫֣ٵİǿϷ࣬Ѱ֮صĶвЩŹֵ뵽
ԼðĪķգ֮Ѱû뵽ֻҵһûüڳ̱һֻˮ˺Ӧȥ˵
ˮھ£֮ھԼĪ׶ĪֵĵһƷű˳
ˮԣĪӿˮеĶһѳӦһķֻǲ֪ڽ׵֮Ѿ˶ã⣬ѾЩڲҲѾɢڼϵıԵˡ
ϾһƵĲϲڱڳ֮󣬱Ȼ
ˮ˫ץס齣ˮţܿΧһֻˮƺҲֻˮе齣ȻֻˮĪӵǰһˮеﾺǿʳȻ
յĽǵһֻˮȡʤǰѱٱϵ齣һЩá
ֻ֮ˮʳԼսƷ󣬾ʹǰ齣뿪ˡ
Īӿֻˮߣûжǰ齣ֻĿֻˮ뿪
һѱٱϵ齣ȻҲһЩֵȴĪҪģûбҪΪһðű¶Լķᡣ
˵ˣֻˮ齣ߣ齣Ҳδػֻˮ
ˣҪ֮ҵҪĶ룬ӦȥˮĳѨҰĪӷԼ˼߽һҪҶڽЩңӦȥˮĳѨҡ
ΪֹĪǰӼЩˮڳѨ֮вضϰߣ֮ǰĪнЩˮʱЩˮĳѨ֮ջ
ˮڶ࣬䵽ʮа˾Ų֮УǻᱻЩˮԼĳѨ
ͨһ㣬ĪӿʼڽԼֻˮ棬ֻˮֻˮλˮ׵ĳѨһĿӶ
ֻˮӶУе齣ڶڣȻͰĴڶﲻȥˣĪӱĿ˹ȥ
һĽ׿ӶֻˮĳѨ齣֮⣬һЩĶ˵һЩĲƬ
Ȼûҵʲôջ񣬵ȴĪ֪ԼĲȷҪҵԼҪĶӦȥЩˮĳѨ֮ҡ
Ϣ뿪ֻˮĳѨĪƾԼˮеĸ֪ܿҵһֻ񾳽ˮĳѨ
ֻˮĳѨĪӸоѨΧˮ·ǳŨֻˮȴڶѨ֮С
ҰҰޣƾԼҺԼĵΧԼζҰޣҪԼĵ̡
ˮԼѨͺҰζĵƣھ潭ˮҪԼĳѨ
ˮڳѨĪӽˮĳѨ֮УĿɨ˼ۣ˫۾Ͳ΢΢һ
񾳽ˮĳѨ֮лǷǳģһĽɢƷһӾĪӵעĪӵģȴǸ֮У΢΢¶һ
Īǰȥ߶ʮһеĶԼĴȻ̵뿪ˮĳѨ
ȲԼջʲôЩõ֣뿪򽭣Լеʱȥ鿴
ȻЩˮĳѨ֮УֻˮĳѨڸĲЩѱֻ֣һˮĳѨҹȥȻˣԼղŵջĪǴãղЩͲðһˡ
ԼڵĲûԼô󣬻֧ԼڽмһӣҲ첻⣬һ̶ˮԼĵˡ
ĪΧ֪ţܿͷ˵ڶ񾳽ˮĳѨѨ֮ͬͬҲûлһѨͬѨΧһɢ˵ЩˮӦѾˣߺܾûлˡ
Ѩ֮УĪҲûеõʲôջˮѨ֮еĶһˮҪˡ
ȥһһΣĪҵˮѨѨҲУĪӽֻ֮񾳽ˮƺôһо̧ͷڳѨ֮пһȦͬʱͷ˳Ѩ֮⣬ʲôҲûз֡
ĪҲЩţǰֻ񾳽ˮϵϢѾ񾳽ڣȻûзԼƺԼĵôһĸоˮղԼѨ֮̽ʱĪνӴˮ˫ۣ˫˶۾֮УɻֻˮѾ˲ǻۡ
ǰȥˮϳѨ֮е˶ڣһΣĪȫˮƤ£˽һֻ񾳽ˮоЩ̫̼
ĪеѨɵѨ֮еһʱ򣬾͸оԼˡ
һôڳѨĽ·ڶԼ֡
Īƶ֮УϵĴͷ˿ˮҧҧջǿٵĽ˻С
ˢ
Īһ˲䣬ԭˮһɲȻתһڶ̾ʹܵǽǡ
ĪӵķӦҲܿ죬ˮתһǣˮԭķ룬ûѡֱȥ
Īӵѡǳǣֻˮܵǽ֮ͷȻײһǽǣȻ̷βųѨڵķȥ
ˮһ£óѨڵˮȻûţˮֱӴܳ˳ѨڳѨΧεƺѰңѨ֮͵ļһ
ĪӸоԼڲˮжݷ״̬֮£ԼһܹԼ񾳽ˮƤ͵һǳ̼顣
˶Īˮ»صѨ֮ǰˮĳѨڳѨ֮ʣµһЩƷĪӶûиȥڻŵãҪȥŭֻˮˡ
ԶֻˮĳѨĪһʱȫˡ
ȥһѨȻͻȥջѾˣ΢֪һȽϺãԼеĴĪӾȥһˮĳѨܽûջԼԷˡ
ٴĵһֻˮĳѨĪӸոսУͱľһ¡
ˮĳѨǺܴ󣬵ǳѨ֮оȻǶż΢΢ɢ飬еĻѨĽ䣬ڷһЩ״ɺƺѨ֮еװƷڳѨλãһʮҵľ޴ǣͷ·һŴһ㡣
ǰһĻĪ֪Լ֮䣬һĳѨˣǽǼɺԾͲ֮ӦеĶ
̫࣬Īת뿪ѨΨһҵǣԼʱѨ˲ڣԼĻᱻ
ɵĪӸתӳѨ֮г̸оһϢԼΧǻĪвһ
ôùɣ


һһʮ 
ôùɣ
ĪðͷȻԭضҶȫԼϢ
һֵùԽϣʲô飬ôԽᷢʲô飬Īĵ飬֮Уķˡ
ĪӿԶһˮݣԼȻĳˮеĶݷƷĸߡ
ĪվԭؼĹһݾĪӵǰĪӷ·һˮеĹݱͣ£¶һߵӰ
ӰĪȻ֮䣬һ˿𺳡
ǰģһβˮһžӣϰӲ£ȫһƬƬɫɫΪһ˿С
Īǰ˵֮е㣬ܿʶӦòǣϣˮ֮УһȺ壬ǾźƵ
ֻУԳ÷ǳŮǷǳû⣬ǰֻˮӦþһԱ
ֻ嶼ڴ֮У½Ϻܼǰֻ֪Ǵġ
ĪҲû˼ȥ̽Щ⣬û̫ȥǰŮӵƴȫάˮжԼǰˮ֡
Ů΢΢ƫһͷĿԴɻĿĪڵһƬˮܹоЩѰϸ̽ȴûзʲô쳣ܸ֮оǰˮУƺһĿע
գգ˫ۣλŮüͷ΢΢һ£Ȼ󻺻˫֣ҪȥĪڵƬˮ
ӣĪֱᵽɤۣĲȷԼӻ᲻ᱻ֣
ŮӵֻǰһƬյˮʲôûץеɻȴûɢȥٴ֣ˮץһ¡
ֻһΣһץĪӸоߵˮ򣬴һصļѹУ·һ˫ε֣ڼѹΧˮ
ˣѹĪ֪ԼټˣðűֵΣգҲҪ
ټԭأϵˮжпܱϣԼпܻᱻһ̲
Ī΢ѸٵƬڱѹˮ򣬾ոӳһ˲䣬λŮӣĿȻٴ䵽Īӵķ
һΣĪûиҼֱ·׼뿪򽭣ѾˣڻϿܣѵȱ˼ץ
Īˮиոնݳһξ룬ͷԼԣͻȻһˮݣĪҪˮݵʱȴоԼײһıĤϣȻ˻
Ī˲ЩżˣԼס䵽·ֻŮӵǽԼ׶༪١
һʵ磬ͯˮһֱǻжԵģԼ䵽ŮӵУʮа˾·һ
ƺĪеĽʶ֮е첻ɢһЩƽĲĪӵڶͼҪˮݵʱֻоղŵסԼˮݣ·ıͨˮһ㣬׾ٵԼ˳ȥ
ĪӴˮ֮룬̺ͣŰ߶ȥλŮӣĿȴͻȻ֮ҲһˮݣĪӵķ׷˹ȥ
տʼˮУŮֻһ΢΢ԣˮʲôֵĶܹܺõԼеЩ棬Ҫ̽һ£ɸղĪˮݵһ˲䣬ŮԼ֮оӦһεӰ
壡һ뵽Լܱ巢ˣλŮӾ;첻Īѡ
ĪѾ˲СԼˣȫתڵܹԼٶȣӵȥԼܹ΢ȫһ㡣
һ㣬ٿһ㣡ĪѾƴȫҧѹեԼҲû뵽Լ̽һѨȻᷢһŮӡ
ڶԷѾ׷ˣӶԷϵϢжϣŮӣӦ񾳽ڵΪˮ֮УҲǿ壬ʵЩͨˮɱȵġ
ǰЩӱץֻ֣ȻͬҲ񾳽磬ͱЩͨѪ񾳽ˮҪǿĶࡣ
Īȫ֮£ѾǰϢҲԽԽĪӾ밶߽ʣһٶ׵ʱĪӷԼһαһУһΣԼԣλŮӣһֻɢץԼ
Īһ̣ᵽһѣʲôϣ֮ľ
ԭѾңңɾʱԼȴûܹϰŮץסˡ
ĪӣŮϵ⣬ҲӵĪӵϣĪӵˮжӹһ˲䣬άֲסĪ¶
壡Ůһ˫Ĵ۾ϸһĪӣȻͻȻ¶һЦݣĪ³뵽˽С
һ֮ĪǸˮѨҲŮӵסĪһλص
ĪӿЦſϺĳֺƳɵԼĶѾҪսˣ֪ǲϱԣǾƵԵʣ΢һ£ͻԽԽĪӸղ΢£ͳӡ
ʵʵվĪҲҼˣĿǸڱеŮӣöԷĿҲڿ
ŮӵĿ֮УĪӲûиоֶ⣬ǺڴԼ
壡Ƭ֮ĪӶдһöԴȻλŮӣ֮дŨŨĺ档
ĪΪֹĵһ˵ˮȻԴҲеȣѪﵽ񾳽磬ܹԣȫҪ˿֡
ǰ˵ӣƺһʱûɱԼ˼ĪҲ뿴ԷҪʲô
岻ںô½ϣĪʶ
ˮ˵ñĪӵҲܹϵסͬʱҲѹסһڻʹʶӷһЩ
ĪӵĴλŮ뿪˱УĪӵǰһִֻ˴ĪӵȻٴ
㳤ãͦÿģ
ٴŮӵҸоϴĴУĪЩסˡ
ǰЩ־С˵еڣȻ両Ժ֮УȻ֪Щ鶼Ǻȴ̲ס뵽Щ
ܿ죬ĪӾѹǰӣвɵ壬ȻԴȻ
Ī˽֪ʶˮ壬ӳªȴǳǿսǿŮӳޣʹȻȻƾܹȻˡ
ĪӸղҲǲȻܵһЩӰ죬ŻһԺðô˼ͷĵ֮δŮӵѣصĴ¡


һһʮ 
Ҹôƺ㣬ǰȶ֮Ī΢˼һǰŮѯʵ
ò˵Ůӵĳ࣬ǳۣǰλ˫۷ǳ峺ԼĿ⣬ŨŨĺ֮ɫĪӾã˽һǰλŮӡ
ĪӵĻŮٴ΢΢ƫͷĪ˵飡
ۣĪۣ˿ԷɫƬֲǷǳУӦý飡
ûϾᣬĪǶԷǿԽģԼ˵ת
ҽĪӣץסңҪôңĪ̽ʵǰŮӣȻвûж⣬ƺûκԼɡ
鿴Īӣ˫գգȻ󿪿ڵȥ䣡
˵仰ʱƺûжӣ˵ĻֱĪӲš
ˮ壬ٲȺ֮⣬󲿷ڶڷϣûޣرˮ壬ֱĵ䷶廨ŵ֣Ѿ˵һ㣬Ϊˮ壬ڶԴܽϣЩ忿£ơ
ˮ֮УеĿ壬ǵۺЩƣ̫ܹЩóģѡĶľȻ壬ֻĳطܺκ彻䣬ܹ֤ĺһǴֵ塣
Ҫñץȥֵʲô˵ģݴţЩ³ܲңץȥֵ塣
Ī΢΢˳Ȼ˵ܷܲңʲô
ܣ㣬ϵᷢҵģش
˵仰ʱٱȸղһЩƺ̫û˵ոտʼЩϰߣϰߵӡ
ĪһЩԶԣǰ鿴ȻЩ̫飬Բɵƽ޹ʵķԼԼҪûʲôܹ򶯶Էɣһѵ顣
Ī뵽˴Ѿ΢ЩڣһѬģ֮ܵѰˣʵѰҲûʲôɴʹھȻôùܹ֮塣
Ϊʲôк֮УĪʱö֪ǰж򽭵дмسƣʵʹͨģջ󺣣򽭵ԴͷҲʹйأ֮УŻɱ֮ˮ
ô˵ˣգһ˫Ī˵
֪˵ʲôĪĻһ䡣
ŶӦˣϢһ°ɣ˵ͷȻҫ⣬˲Īӡ
Īӱ֣̾͸оԼ˫ԽԽðͷҪˣıȥְɣ
ĪӿٵʧȥʶԺ֮е첻⣬Īʧȥʶһ˲䣬˲âʢĪʶ
ŻԹȥĪӣȽһ߲ܣȻͻȻͿʼʰԼĶЩװεɺǶļҲرǸ󱴿ǴҲͬߡ
ˣȥһĵطɣԼѾסһʱĶ˵
˵֮뵽ʲôת˶ΧЩˮĳѨȥ
ˮ඼ռϰߣǻὫԼΪǱĶȫ£ԼĳѨϰߺܿҲǺˮйأҲͬռϰߡ
鼴׼뿪һƬˮˣ֮ǰҪȥһ飬ǾȥЩˮѨ֮еıĪ֮ǰƣֻĪȥ͵ֱȥҲҪȥƾݣЩˮѨ֮еıԱȽɵľ͵õ
뿪ѾյĶ֮ԭԹȥĪӣ˫ȴĵһ϶ȷ뿪ˣĪвɵôϲ
ʱӣʱŴӵվϰýڱ˴ĪҲ˲Щ
ڵڻܵһ֣Ȼ˫ֱţ޷ӡʩչˮжҪԼϢҲҪԼʩ첻͹ˣԼֻҪСһ㣬ҪײˮӦþܹȫӳȥ
ովһһƬˮԽٵʱһΣӦòùˡĪа
Сĵ߳յĶĪϵϢѾȫ첻סˣ׼˷ĪӿʼŰȥȻٶȱ֮ǰʩչˮжʱҪ̫֮࣬£ܹܵĻᣬǾѾллˡ
һŰ߿ĪӸоһֱᵽɤ۶ģֻҪӦǰˮĪӾͻСĵĲֱˮԶԼŸСĵļǰһֻڵˮڶĪҪܵĶ
һߣİݷһˮĳѨܿջ˲ٵĶȫЩˮĳѨ֮ҵģջϲã鶼Щ᲻ͣˡ
뿪֮ǰʩոץǸ˯ǸǸҪ˯һһҹţǰѹһ˶ͻᱻˮеЩˮ֣³·һгʱ䣬Լջϲá
Ķӳĸʱ֮ĪڿҪˣڿ쵽ˮȻɴڣ඼һЩ൱С൱磬ոյõС
ЩСȻвȽСʤȽ϶࣬ĪûԼ־ͿԽЩСʩչˮжˮʱЩС˿ûзӰӣڣЩСȴĪϰ֮ǰһ鷳
˿Լ밶ߵľ룬ͬʱӦһԼڵĪӾԼҲҪôСˣ˲óԼСͨ
Сͨˮľ廪
һƬӰľɫĪʩչСͨ˲䣬ͨĪӺͰһξ룬˳ƬӰľۣĪɵľͽһȺΪ΢ˮƿ̤ͨϰһξ롣
Ī˫̤ϰһ˲䣬һɽٺϲã˿һ˵İߣĪӿٵ侲Զ˽
ϴЦݣаżһˮĳѨ֮еջҲЩϲջ񣬻·϶᲻вסİ档
ǵصԼĶյľϵЦˣ΢΢ƫͷ˺üϢʱ䣬űЩʧ
壬ˣ
һ֮ϸıĿӦĪϢȻת뿪˶
ĪӴ˿Ѿ뽭мǧ׵ľˣͻȻ֮䣬оϵսˣյĪӸоԼĹͷڿ顣
Ǹ鷢ˣʩ
ĪӴӸղϰڣһֱûиȥͼ⿪ϵϵȴԽԽˣǾֻһܣǸص󣬷ԼˣԼϵ


һһʮ ˮ
ϵʹѾĪӣڱҪʲôϵ
˫ֱס£ĪһܹʹģԼСֻͨ첻һƵˮˡ
Сͨˮľ廪ĪһʩչСͨһƬӰ֮Уԭսֹͣ˼ʼ΢΢ɳһЩ
ĪӵСͨˮľ廪ĺãƿأڹӰΧ֮УĪӿĲˮľ֮ΪֹΪԵʣĪӶûΪԼܰСͨȫӳ
ԼĳֺƵģĪˮľ廪֮ͨУԸĲݣһԱĿɶһЩ
о˫֮΢΢ɶһ֣ĪӳŽ˫ֳһ֮Īڽһֻ˳ȻһֻҲ
ֻּȻѳˣôϵȻһҲ˺ܶ࣬ĪӿٵĴϽ⿪
ϵ⿪һĪӱоԼϱѹƵ»ָڵ¹ƿأоһɡ
򽭵ˮϣӻĸˮ棬һ㣬Ŀ⿴Īӵķ򣬿һƬӰ֮
Ҳͬʱһ̣ĪӵĿҲתĿײһ
龹Ȼˮ棬Īüͷ΢΢壬ԼѾӵˣȻ׷ˡ
ĪӾãӦǲϰģ֮סԼֻҪ̤˰Ϊ飬̾ͻᱻ֣Ͼʳȵļɲǳصġ
뵽һ㣬ĪջԼĿ⣬ϵս֮У׼ת뿪
ԼӳˣҲӦòϰûбҪˣղսĪҲһƤˣȥҸĵطһ£˳㿴Լһεջ
ô˵ðôķգһͻزˣϣջĶ֮УܹһвοֵĹҲҽҹľˣԼջĶĪһڴС
Īתһ˲䣬ˮ飬ͻȻ̧֣֮һССˮݣֵ̧һ˲ˮĪӵķƮȥ
ЩˮƻʵƺƵƮţʵٶȷǳĿ죬ЩˮݵٶȺܿ죬ĪӺ֮䣬ˮмϰߵľ룬㳬֮ңЩˮݽӽĪ֮ǰĪȫԴݲȵ뿪
鷢һˮݵͬʱ촽΢΢ſȴûκεĸ質
תĪӣͻȻһöĸԼĶޱ·𻳴ŮڶԼ¶ģִһݿԶճһø顣
Ȼ֮ȻеĸǳһҪеĳ嶯Ǵ˿̵Īӣȴ̾ĻعͬʱתڵԼ˫
Ȼ֮ô׾ֵܹģ˫ܹȻҲͲôܵȻˡ
Īӷ˫֮ԼȻܹĸͷ·Ǵһ㣬Ƿֿܹġ
ֿˣĪʶ֮е첻ȴԣĸϵ𣬵ʶ첻ҫ£Īӵʶʼձ˿ûаҪȻļ
ĪҲܿķһ㣬ʶ֮첻⣬ԼȫӰ죬ƮһݣĪһӡ
ľȥ
ʮľĪӵǰһ֮䣬ľһģһˮȥľ̽ӴˮݵһǣĪӶͻȻһı졣
һˮݣںľ̵ײ֮УȫըĪЩľըһƬƬм
еˮƿһɷѹΧɢڵϴһƬɳ
ĪĿעˮе飬ֶԷȻ򰶱߿һЩʩչٿˮ׵ľ룬ĪӾ
ûûǰɣ龹ȻĪҲһŭ𣬱ҹúõ飬ԼҲûи̫̰ģҵһЩ׼ߣ˭֪ôùܹ֮һ顣
ڶԷﾭһοϣľȻòײųһյӳ죬Լӵ˰ϣ龹ȻȻǲӣĲԼ
ȻԼΪҪԶ˿һߣҲԼûʲô죬󵽸ϰԸԼĪһŭȴҲˡ
ݵˮ̽Լߣһˮľ廪ͨķΧĪӾ׾ٵĽˮɢĹ޹
Ѿŭ𣬵ǿ֮ľ룬Īڽˮ֮ͻȻ֮ͲջԼСͨת밶߸Զĵطȥ
ҸûбҪֲϰȵ죬ҽ֮ϢųȥȻԸȻҲڽҹ֮ͿܲˣĪһߺˣһ
򽭵Ľϣھ밶ѾȽϽˣϵĪ׼뿪һ˿
ҧҧͻȻ֮һðյ˼Ҫϰȥ
ϾҪ뿪ˣȥһСǸץߣΪߣһӾͻᱻץס뵽
漴Ȼ֮仯һˮݣˮƯ𣬿ٵĪӵķȥ
ףˮϰˣ׸ĸУһݲϵӣͻȻ֮˯֮бѣŷ˸ŽĹӡԴĿڵ
׸Ͽգڽ֮У޷ӰҲͬһʱ䣬ĿתߣǶ׸飬Ҳо򽭺ˮϰˡ
ĪڿٵԶ밶ߣͻȻ֮һļ£ָоڼʱ֮ǰҲܵ뽭Ѿңңʱ򣬱ץ˶
ٵĻعͷĪӾͿһˮݣͷԼԶܿͻᵽԼߡ
겻ɢˣĪ־ŭȵ龹ȻԸϰҲŹԼŭԼ˱ˣԷȻȻ׷ˣĵԼ
һ˲䣬Īͣ˽Ųûѡܣ˫ͬʱڵת׼óԼһŵƣһݵġ
˫ַ䶯ڵۣͬʱĪʶ֮еĹͼڣٵǵǳ֮һ˲㱻ȡһ롣
ոշɵĪӵߣҪȥץסĪӣȴͻȻ֮Īӵϣܵһ˿Σա
Ī˫ּ䣬ʱһξӨˮΣǳͷ·ҹյһǳַ·һ飬쳣
žԼѾܽ飬ĪһеһξӨˮΣ㻯һӨ⣬ȥ
һˮĪһ̣óԼǰøӦǳ֮֮׼һŵƣͨǳ֮ˮ
Ҳϣ֮һ˵£ȫԷһ˵ĵ֮һ


һһʮ ջ
ںĪ֮ľѾܽˣĪһˮ֮ʱȫûܹܿҲûзӦһ꾳ʿôͻȻʩչôֶΣ
һˮӴһ˲䣬̾͸оˮССһˮ֮УȻһɿ񱩵ǳ֮ѸٵĴ͸ķϼ̵ƬҲûܹ赲ˮ
ΪϾҪĪǿĶ࣬һˮϣ̱һϹ⣬Լ֮ԿϹԴͷ֮һɫĺݣڵֵŵˮ
ɫݵĵֵУһˮûа취ټһϹ⣬˵ϹⱣ֮е顣
ĪӿǸԼɼɫݣȻûа취ȷɫʲôƷķֵܹˮһˮƷҲڷ
ӣΪĪǰ񻰴˵֮еһĺĴʵ࣬һγЩ񻰴˵Уǲɽ֮ҲĪǰǰڻûʱ򣬾ͳʧȥ˻γΪĻᡣ
ɽ֮ˮк£ƬشѣǰУĪӿ֮ˮ䵽صĳɽ飬֮УһСƬˮڵϣһƬһƬˮ嵽أ㻯һƬ
֮ˮҲ֮Ϊˮ͵ظ֮еĻȪˮͬǷѶɣ𼴳ͬأһưȡȻȻˮҲűʵ
Ī۳һˮֻˮ棬ﲻˮҲͬСڵɫܹ䵲£Ѿ䲻
գһˮһϹĵֵ֮УٵıĸɾˣϹ֮е飬ҲûмڶĪӳֻ֣ĿĪһ֮󣬾һλһˮݣ򽭷ȥ
黹ûлص֮Уһ򽭵İ
ȻϰǾͱŻˮˣ°ɣ
һڽ֮еӰ򽭵ϿգһֻɵĴ֣Żûû뽭еץȥ
ɫĴֻû飬ͱһɫĹ赲סˡ
أ
ĪԼ֮·һݴ̱ԼԴģʶ֮е첻ػҲԭش˼룬Żع
ǵֵӰΪҪĿ꣬ϵǲҵ˼£Щ׵ɢȻǳ˸
ᣬֱû˽棬գ֮䣬ˮ΢΢Ϲ⣬ֿٵʧ
صˮ֮мڽ֮е飬򽭵Ͽգλȸϵ飬Щϧ˵
û뵽Ȼˮһ챦Ҫܽ¾ͺˣ
ǰϧˣλŽˮоЩϧڽ뽭еԻûԶǼЩ飬Ҳ뽭ȥѰҡ
Žˮ̾ϢһλͬʱעתƵ˽Īӵϡ
ˮһͬڰߣΧֻĪһˣΧнֵĺۼҪע⵽ĪӶѡ
оԼһĿעţĪһóԼĵӡһ߹ӸӰصĪӣλ𣬶лλȣ
ԭλҪһĪӣΪʲôôˣ򽭸ǿĪݣóԼĵӡǼλһۣҲʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬һλ뵽ʲôڶĪʵӸӰص٣ǰһҼǵӰ³һλ飬ʶ
˵ӦǼʦһ֮ǰʦ÷ʳ뷷ΪƷᰲδڤأʶʦ֪ʦڤÿɺãĪԣ̻شͬʱһ÷
ͬΪ飬˵ǰ⼸λ飬ļԼʦ÷ʦڤ״ĪҲǷǳĹġ
ĪӵĻϷļλ鶼ЩĿĪһۣȻղĪλ鿪ڵ
ԭǷᰲĵӣҵʦҲͬˣڤйһ֮Եʦò㲻صģԷ˵ʱĪܹԵԷĻƺ˲٣͸ղԴʽǵȫͬˡ
û뵽ܽʦĹ⣬Ȼ֮ڶ˼һ飡֪ԼʦڤĻĪҲĲ١
ҵйҪ׸ˣȻˣҲ򽭰ˣȥ׸Ǳ߰ɣѾ쿪ˣҪ򽭣ѡڰȽϺãλĪӼһ䣬Ȼûмڴͣתص׸֮С
ͼλ𣡡ĪûԼκʧܴ֮һλУ֪һ÷Ϣ˵һ֮ϲ
ڼλ뿪֮ĪҲٵ뿪˰ߣûȥ׸ȥҰһû˵ĵط컹ûҪԼеջ
һƬ֮УĪʩչԼΧĲľøΪŨܣڲľڵ֮УԼջ˳
ȾǼԳӶ֪࣬ˮ˶ãнѾʼɢǼĪ뽭֮ҵĵһҪһЩûҪɢļֻҪ޲һ£ܹóˡ
Щ࣬ϾĪҲֻ̽ôѨջЩѾˣһڱϱԵȫǳջ񣬾ĪС׬һʡ
⣬ȴĪΪصջջõǸ򣬻õֵĴ
ǸóһĪӽʶ̽Уȡ֮еϢһ˲䣬ĪӵϾ͸ֳ˿ϲ֮ɫ
û̽Ǹ֮ʲôѾĪӵõԼҪĶ
ʣһƪС磬ۼ̶ȣĪġľԪ
ôһƪΪοĪӾãԼҪݳһѵ飬ǰЩ׼ҲȷĲο֮󣬰Լٵݳ
ٵĽƪһ飬رǿ񾳽֮ĪӸоԼͷ·ںҹ֮ˣͻȻǰĹ⣬֪ԼĸˣĴ
֮ĽĪӾԼڼֱܹЦҪĶô͵ˣеЩϲ
ϻһĪ΢ƽһǸ˳
ڲʲôֻһյĴϵջҲҲˣĪһţһ߳
ף׼ʱĪӾȵķ֣ԼõȻһ߼һʮƵƷһƣʶܵЧ˴֮⣬ûа취׵Ĵ򿪴Ҫñ򿪴ͻƵɢӶƿܷӦ
ƻõģǾζţԼˮ֮󣬻ûб򿪹


һٶʮ 
ҪĪ˵ôѣƵãҪʾģ˶ѾˣҪ⿪취ǡ
Ī΢оһ´֮еĽƣԼʶ̽УڴԭƵĻϣһЩ͸޸ġ
Щ֮Īӵʶ̸о˴֮еĿռ䣬ȿĶ֮Ī֪Լ˴ջ
֮УöǮж٣ҪĪϸϸһ£ǴԹһ£һǧöңЩǮ֮⣬һЩװҩƿӣ֪浽ûжҲһЩʮһЩͲϣԼʣµһ
ЩӦþһλ񾳽ֵȫңĪ˵һʺƣȻеǮǺܶ࣬ǼĶĪӹƣֵܼӦʮöǮϡ
رЩ֮¼Ϣû̽мݹ򣬻мֵ֪ʶôֵܻҪ
֮׸֮ǰĪŵĿջУĪԼķ֮ڣϴβסЦݡ
Ǹ֮еĶĪѾһ飬Щ֮УһȫܹĹһᵽ˶ɽؿĪӺǾϲ
ʣµ֮УȻǼ¼ŹҲǼֵĸߣһȻǼ¼֪ʶģĪΪȤ
ʣµЩĪҲ鿴һ£ȫܹʹãЩװҩƿ֮Уһ󲿷ǿյģҲһЩжģټЩݺϣ֮֮еĶֵĪ֮ǰԤơ
һҹʱ䣬ĪӾһЩۣյջȴģûһҹΣա
ֹȥʱ䣬Īɴ׸ûмǰһΪĪں齻֮󣬷ԼΪƺͻƣ׳ķǳ죬ڵٶҲܿ졣
ԭϣĪӻԵɺ֮¸Ӧǳ֮Ѿ꾳ںܽˣΪһҲֻˮɵˡ
Īڿջķ֮УоԼ״̬Ѿˣʱͻ꾳ڣ֮ǰ뷿ʱѾңʱ֮ڣҪ
Īӽ˫۽뵽ڤ֮УʶٴͶͼڣΪޱˮ֮еһò
˿̣Ƭռ֮Ҳǰ磬ȴҲϡĿͷ֮Уƺһǳǹ⡣
Щǹ⣬ĪһθӦǳֻ֮Īʩչˮ֮Щǹ֮ǰһ룬ʣµЩǹ⣬Ҳֻ֧Īʩչһˮ
Īޱߵˮ֮УҡҷԼˣһƬƬҶ·һո˯ѵľˣڻչԼӴ
ԼϵҶƬƬÿݻƵҶ䣬ǻƮˮУĪӼʼ̰ļȡˮе֣Լϳɳ
ΪһҪľ׳ĳɳչԼ֦ҶͦԼ֫ͷȥߵա
ͷֵǹ⣬΢΢գ۾·ںԼԼ֦Ҷ쵽֮Уһ֣ܵĪѾȲĽӴˡ
̽Լ֦Ҷ䲻ϵҲøӸߴˣͬʱҲӴ׳ˡ
ģĪӷϵıƤѿˣ©Ӵ׳ɣԭıƤܹɵġ
ԭıƤٱøɿݣıƤڸɿݵıƤ֮£ĪɲϵıøӴ׳ЩϻɿݵıƤĴ䣬¶һıƤŲ
֦ҶԽԽߣз·߲ʵǹ⣬ҲԽԽƺֻҪŬһ㣬ֻҪٳɳһ㣬ܹӴ֮еǹ⡣
Ϊһľ룬ĪŬļȡ֣ŬĽԼ֦Ҷ̽ȥڣӽЩ˸ǹ⣬մǹ⡣
ڴǹһɲǣĪӸоԼʶ߸ߵķ𣬷·뵽Ⱥ֮У»ָʶȻԼѾһγɳڵҲøۺˣΪѾͻƵ꾳ڡ
꾳ˣĪӻ˫ۣһĨ˵ľ⣬Ȼܿʧ
һͻڵĹ̷ǳ˳ȫˮɣͻ֮ĪӸоԼ·ø峺ˣ˼ʶ֮еҲƺ˲١
ӴվĪ˷Ĵߣƿ˴ĿͶ˴⣬ŴľĪӲ΢΢Щ̾
Լ꾳ڣ˲һʱ䣬йۿ֮ͻƵ꾳ڣ֮Եɺ֮£ϵļĻۣԼͻ꾳ڽȥµʱ䣬ԼΪȻˮɣﵽ꾳ڣĽٶȣ壬˵ڸǵҲС
Īһ̲û̫԰Ǳ÷ǳƽ뿪˰ȵӰأʶ磬̶յʱ䣬ϵ˲׳򽭣ù壬ͨЩ飬ĪӾԼ۽Ҳһ㡣
ܴҲǳľʣԼΪܵͣ꾳ΪȺиۣڽ۵Щߵ֮Укü꾳磬ֻƫԶƶ֮أ꾳绹һ
ΪѾͻƵ꾳ˣ׸Ҳòˣȵ󣬾ȥطɣع˴Ī
֮Լ׸ͣҪΪĪӸоԼͻƣԾͼ죬ԼѾɹͻˣʱǰһˣγʱޣɲô˷ˡ
֮ǰĪӻȥ׸֮еֿһԼǸĲʿĪȥҹɶԷûȥ̯Ī˸ա
λʿ̯λϵĹĪûʲôȤˣǶЩĪȴǷǳĸȤ
Щ֮صЩ֪ʶڵõԺ󣬶ܹΪպ÷۵һֵ̣ԼոշһʺƣЩǮʱҲûʲôô罫Щ
ȥɣܹλ̯ͽЩ£ԷǾҺЩûǸԵֻ֣ҷŹˣĪţȻʱȥһ֣ʧģλ̯Ȼûг̯Է󲻻ٳ̯Ҳ˵
ڵ·԰̯ģ඼ɢޣһЩԼòϵĶһЩģҲֻѣģЩŵĵ̡
һνٽ̵ľĪ֪Щ̵ˮҲʱҲûнЩʲô˼ڷûҵԼҪҵ֮ҲûڽֵҵԼܹõϵĶĪӾ뿪֣صԼסĿջ׼뿪׸


һٶʮһ 罭
峿䣬׸ĸǣȺصĳŻĿڳſڵǣѸٵųȥҲһЩ׼ǵˣҲһߣȻ߳š
ĪӸڳǵ֮У߳˳ſڣͷһ۸ߴΰĳ¥Ī΢΢ЦЦȻعͷ뿪
׸ͣ˽ʮʱ䣬ĪӼǰһվ֮ǰĪӻȥ׸֮еľ¥ٴƷһ׸ʡ
뿪׸֮ĪӼϣֻһĪӲҼˮ·Ҫ֮кУЩ֮⣬ͨĴֻû£ʵʵ½߱ȽϺá
ĪӷֲݵĵΣǳһƬҶ򽭾ƬҶҶһΪһһ֧ĵط
ĪҪݴﵽݣôҪͨ򽭵ｭ԰Ȼͨһܹ뾵ݾڡ
Ҫͨ򽭣ͨ˵;һǽĴ󴬣ЩǲݸΪ˷ڽϰŵģҪȡ۸񲢲ߵĴʣܹĴ󴬵ｭ԰ÿֻһΣ֮١
ڶεĿ罭ţ׸һǵĽ֮칤޽ҲΪ˷ͨ
Ž˵ѾһˣʮɣʱգѾΪ˲ݱ־ԵĽ
ĪγʶģȻҪݵĿ罭š
Ī׸ı߽ʱﾹȻһǳֵСسǣû߽سǣĪӾѾ罭š
ŵˮϿռ֮ϣ棬·һὭǳ׳ۣŵ˳ԲΣȻ˵֧֣밶߱ȽԶĴϡ
֮ͷ˾뽭ôԶӦǵĽеˮƻţҲΪԭ򣬴ŵ·ûκε֧ţȻҲҪκε֧š
һ罭ţȻ鴫ԶԶ罭ŵĪӾͲɿڳһ䡣
Сس֮УĪӲûмŵϴţСس֮תתܿ˽⵽سǣΪʲôôֵԭˡ
׼ȷ˵ﲢһسǣسǡ˴λ׸һǵĽ֮罭ŵԭ򣬽ſ罭ŵسǣͶչģϵſ罭߾£ö֮ԭسǣмľԽԽֱڣΪ׸һǷֽ֮ҲһֵֵǱ߾ͽһǵķΧȻ׸ķΧ
ˣҲһˣ˴˼伸ȫںϳһسǣӷˡ
Īע⵽Сس֮еɢޣȻ׸֮е٣ֻЩɢ޴Ϊôߣ꾳Ķ٣඼磬ڵʿ
ĪӿһЩɢϣһͷȻ󼸸һſ罭֮ȥһӾĪӵע⡣
Щɢ޵ĪҲſ罭֮ȥͬʱҲעǵ̸
̫ùˣȻס꾳ˮ֮£ֻܶߣϣܺһ㡣
ǰ˵ŵǴչǮһҴѾȥӿڲμˣ
ѽҲ˵ˣ֪ʲôʱһҴȥμ

Īǰɢ޵ĶԻ˶ֻΪǵĶԻ֮Уɢ޹ǱȽ׾ݵģҲûвμӹĪӲ׽һϢǰɢޣƺȥӵġ
һ·ǰɢޣĪӺܿ˿罭ŵڴ
ڴһĽݣֱϣ嵽жٽףһֱͨ˸ߴ档
ͨҪһν͹Щݣ¶Ҫһʱʱɣ߸ߵһݣĪа
ڵ֮Īһֱŵɢޣ㿪ʼ˳Ŵŵ·Žķ򿿽
Īӷųʶһɨŷڴ֮£ȻŲٵɢޣڴ˴Щɢ޵Ϊֻ磬ȫȺһ˲ͷ༸һԵȺ
ЩΪ΢ɢޣӦþǻײһȺˣеʱѾȽϴģеǻһЩģûкõĹҲûʦڣû֧ԼԴֻС취ȥԼɳԴ
罭칤޽͹һͨĽݣвķЩõשʯĪ׸ĳǽõĳǽשͬһֲʣ̻ķĶһģһ
һϵĽݣô˼֪ϷĿ罭ţָûٵ˼
Ϊ˷ֹһЩǿˮͼϷĿ罭ţרЩΪǿˮһЩɢķģЩΪǿһЩˮ̫Ը⿿罭ţЩΪȽϵ͵ˮ򲻻ܵʲôӰ졣
ҲΪˣͬΪȽϵ͵ɢޣôŵһԣõķʽ׽ЩΪȽϵ͵ˮôȡԴҲΪʲôôΪϵ͵ɢ޵ԭ
ĪӺܿ͸һ㣬ЩЩɢޣԼʦ÷ĴºЩɢ޲˶٣ҲĿӣЩΪ΢޿ɢ޵֮£ԼҪ̫ˡ
̧̤һϵĽݣĪûȥעЩɢޣһ·ߣͬʱʶʼշɢţϸ̽ŵÿһ
ʶϸȥ̽飬ĪӲŷ罭ţ׻칤ɶ˼Լߵһݣ±׸ĳǽҲ˿ѷɫ
¹ɽݵЩ¼ģʯһʵصʯͷ칤ɵֶΣĪʶ֮̽Уÿһʯͷܵһ𣬼ȫǻȻһ壬ǣһ˿ô´ˮһܹڶʱƻͷ
ʱ֮Īӵ˿罭ŵ棬ǰľиǾ岻ѣֻһξĲֶΣ칤ɵĺ
ʮףȱĿȻҪһ㣬ʯƵĻɫֲĪûпĻӦһʵطǳӲĲϣһЩȡʤķ˵ӡСɽ֮ࡣ
ĲϣϣֻĻõĲϣȻǸӵ
ľΪܣϡ䣬ϡϣ칤ֲ֮벻Ҫʲô֧ţӦٸżϼҪȻԼƮô죡ոշһʺƣĪӾԼѾƶˣ罭õ޽ϣĪӲףԼ칤ȣҪģЩȤζ²
ĲƵĴţߵͷβ¸Ͳ֧Ŵõģ˷ĵϴ֮⣬ͷβãӦǶסţҪŷ˲Ŷԡ
֮ǰĪӶ칤ɵӡһֱɶ칤ĸ֣ڣڿ罭֮ĪӶµӡ󣬺ԣ
ϣĪࡢĪСһǧҪ칤ɣ򡭡


һٶʮ ʴ
֮أһΪ˴ڲβһ֮⣬ĸΪֽ磬
ӿ罭ŵｭ԰ĪӾλڽ԰ƽﴩĪӾܹﾵݾڡ
ƽĪ֮ǰѾ׸ͬƽĵμһƽɽط֣һ򽭵ֲ֧ȣȻҲڽȴӿũɣ֮¡
ĪƽȻҲٲҪϤһ£µʱ䣬ڲŸոտʼԼһ˳ҪĿľʹﵽˣοĹѾ֣ڵֻҪʱ估ʱϻȥͺá
ƽڣһСţҲΪԭԻõƽɢ޵ȴҪ׸һЩ
ƽڵһҾ¥УĪڶ¥λãŴһֵϵˣȴͻȻ䱻ԼС̸š
֣ոǱߴϢ˵ʳĳ֮ϣΪһ˻ʵѡչһۣа֧Ԩ˻ȴٳδԨΪߣѵ˻һ˻ʵѡԨɣ
ʣ֪ģ˻ߵļλУԨΪ곤Ϊıңڻʳ֮ǰѾ˺պս֮󣬸¹ѫλ֮У˱ʸ˻֮λ
Īһϵ˶ԻĬĬתͷǸһۣʿˣϵϢӦǱذټѧõѧӣѧӦǺļ֮ѧϢôǿ൱ҵߡ
ټѧ֮Уֹѧ۹£ʱʱĸѧ˵һЩ֮ϵϢ˽⵱ʱֵı仯ϾЩѧӣպѧ֮дҪΪٵģһڳ֮ϣЩܹ˽һЩȽϺá
Դϴ˻ʲ·֮λһȽͣȷһ˻ʼߵϢһֱûͣڶ˻֮λĻӣ˻ʵߣ˻֮λĶ˭ҶѾˡ
Ұ֮УⲢһص£ټҵѧҲڴ֮ͥ¡
һ˻˭ĪʵҲͦĵģ뿪ӰأûհףĪҪٵ˽⵽֮ϵϢͦѵģһλѧ˵ĪҲֵôǿ˽һ¡
ˣǸݸǱߴϢ֮Ѿ֮ĳ֧֣˻ʶûȷԨΪһε˻ʣ˻ʵУѡˣʣµЩ֮УܹȽϳģԨҲֻôˣ־˻ʿеһλ
ҿɲ²ֻϣ˻ܹȷһ˻ʵѡһλӣܹûʳķ֮ȹһЩϴ˻ʲ»ʳ֮еˮϰˣ
Īźλټѧӵ̸΢΢еЩ⣬λټѧӵ˼˻ƺûҪԨΪ˻ʵĴ㣬нĳ֧֣Ҳûֱӱ̬ԨҪΪ˻ʣôס
ĪۼԨλԨźӡһλȴķǳ侲˧ţþɳǳǿƣΪһλ˻ʣԨĹͺӦö㹻ˣĪ֪Ļ֮УûһλܺԨԨȴƺ˻мߵѡĻ֮У˻ʾλ
˻ʵλãϵķȣлʳˣһ˻ʲ͵˷֮СΧ֮ڲһЩԣ»ʳ֮еĴС񣬶ɳϵٹٲٳ֣˻ʵѡҲȻҪأϾ˻ʣΪǸλõҪԣѾ˻ʲȫܿա
ôãĪҲѾ磬ΪһԱһ٣ЩϢϢأʦ÷ҲΪ˻ʳ뷷飬͸ùЩˡ
ĪӻĬĬţܴܲλټѧӵĿУһЩεϢԶݵĻʳĵĻʳ񶼣ʳȨģԶʹһӪ֮УһݴӣһĬĪԨ
ǰ࣬ʮĸһĪӿ֮ҲϤӰضݵĵ˼
£һӦ˻ʱµҪûбҪ˻ʱ¸ô֮еշǳĳƣһ佫̲סݳĬ
վ佫˼ԣ̧ͷһ˵佫аһç򡱣
Ѿʱ򣬾Ȼǰ˵Ļⲻǹⴥӵµùͷ
ӵԸһǽ쵱˻ʾͻӵ³Ϊһε˻ˣȵڣ
Ȼλ佫˵֮󣬵ͷһĬԨĽͷ̧Ŀɨһ۸ղ˵佫佫΢΢һ̲ס˰벽ͷһϸܵĺΡ
ĩʧˣˡ
ǿϵĲʣ佫̶ԨΪԨܾõĽ죬ԨƢҲȽ˽⣬ղԨǸķŭˣѾһ˿ɱ⣬һԨɱĳ
ҲǸҺܾõˣĻӦô˵佫ӣԨĿ˵
˵仰֮Ԩ͵վߵ佫ߣֱֽӰֱȻĿֱֱע˫ۡ
ʳ֮ҵһǰı߽磬ʿս࣬մʿֻʣ²ʮûɣʳڶʮָ꣬ҵһǰˮսʿ򣬵һսˮսĴĽʿʮһЩʧأûɣʳʮ꣬ͻϮʳԮ裬ڱ߹սһ£߲ݣǰǧʿûɣ
ԨԽԽ˵ʱȫǺġ
£ĩûĩĩҲˣԨס佫Ԩһ˲䣬ҲͬǺŻش
ôңҸôЭҸδӦʵҪ󣬲ñ߹صĽʿסѹңҸôãܶԵЩ߹صսʿԨԼλµŭʱƽˣʵ
⣬ĩ佫ƿԣȻֻܵԼͷ­ڵ˵䣬ȴ̧ͷǰԨ˵һ
ǵ£ӦҲĻӴӦǸı䲻ˣĻ˵
˵ҪǴӦˣ˻֮λ߹صЩʿҲĺʳҲĺԨ佫Ļ
վһԵ˼̾ϢһĺģȴӵԼ


һٶʮ 
ĪλټѧӵĿУûĶܸεϢҲӴ
Ī֪ڻʳʴ飬ڽһʱ䣬ΪʳעĽ㣬һĪӽƽͣļУⷽ۾Ϳ֤
ڲǰټѧѧõѧӣеĺܶɢ޻򸻻Ҷ飬÷ƺҲЩ֮֮˼˿ûֹڵۣΪ˴Ҳ෹̸Ļ⡣
Īڽϣܹ·ߵС̸Щ飬ҳԨ֮⣬һЩҲʼıἰҿʼһЩ֧ߡ
ΰǵĸ綼ٲˣֶΣĪӸеǳϤȫ۵Խ֮ǰǸ磬ⷽѾˡ
ƽҲʱˣĪӶƽҲѾۻĵˣȻֻһ֮ƽ׸֮ͦġ
ƽţĪڸ֮УܹŵĵӣĪӵĸо̫ãĪ֮ǰӴСȣСŵʿϵְʵ˲ϲ
ֲƽɢô٣¶ΪСŵԭ򣬲ԸǷͻɣںСŵĵйһζݵĽӴ֮ĪͷͬʱҲȥ⡣
ƽ߿ҲˣʱȥǱ߿ˣžĴפ֪ݰյ״ģĪЩ棬ȻӺǣųƴŵľڣǺε
Ī׼뿪ƽǵʱһһʿˣȴո߽֮С
һһ٣ϵǸʿΪﵽ񾳽磬ȽͦΣȴǷǳĲϡСǸȻ÷ǳĿɰֱ֮ɫ¶ı֮⣬ȫӦӵеġ
ǣȽƽʦȥƽףζǳĺãһ߾¥ʣһϲģλݲϵʿһǳ֮ɫĺ˵
ĪӿˣһһϳӸȹԬԼǸԶǳ֮ɫǡ
ŶԬĻǻ̧ͷӦһûбֳͯкóԵʱϲ
ˣƽĪ߳ƽǣͷһͬߴƽ¥ǻָ𣬴ӾݷصʱĪӲﾭˣӾݾһǣȻ;֮ǰ׸ӵǸǣշݡ
Ī׼뿪ʱ۽ͻȻɨſһŵϤӰĪȴһϳ˭
ԬĵǣҲƽˣͻȻ֮俴ˣĪҲЩ⣬ԬߴŵǣȺ֮ʵ̫ˣֱ˵üһ۾ϳ
ԭ׼ߵĪӣʱתƽ֮ڣô˵ԬľˣȻϣǱǰкҪȻЩʧˡ
תУĪӺܿͷԬǵӰȺ֮ʵ̫ˡ
Ī׷˹ȥԶͿڵԬǰǵѣû뵽ǣ
ǰԬԣͬʱͣס˽ŲĪע⵽Ԭڵһ˲䣬ƺ΢ɲıһ£ȻƺĪӵѸٵķ
ԭ㣬û뵽ƽȻܼݵľʶԵԬعͷߵĪӣ΢΢¶һЦ˵
Īܹ֪ϲãȴͻȻԼղ׷кľٶ΢΢ôһ˿ڡ
Ϊע⵽˸ղԬֿٷɵĶԷΪղԼȻ裬ŻͻȻĶλԬƺʱ̶ž衣
ԭԬǣоҲǳģԲŻкǿԬղŵķӦԷݣпʲôµģԼóȻ׷У˵Ӱ쵽Է
кѾˣ˼ҴϻˣʲôҲѾˣĪֻܲɫ˵ǳģȴû뵽İƽͻȻԬǰǵĵѣ̲סкð֮Ԭǰ£
˵֮ĪֶЦЦǵѣּˣ
Īӵк̧ͷ˿ͻȻ䶯˶ɫԵøӱˡ
һЦݣӦɣĪӿǵ飬Щȷ
һ£ʶһ£ཻͬ˲ŸΪȻݣ߱Ͼ̫ˣӦöĪӣԬڿ佱һ䡣
ԬǰˣҲǾԼʶʵ̫ˣ濪۽ѣһֱԼСط㶼֮ˣŷԼΪֵһᣡĪǫĻش˵仰ʱĪע⵽û೤ʱ䲻λԬݣƺֲһЩ
ݸĪӵĸоһͨ˵ĻĪΪԪѾѾߵͷˡ
ĪӴԬݣԬҲͬע⵽ĪӵΪǵõĪӵʱĪӵΪ꾳ڣ꾳ڻһξ룬ڲŹȥãĪӾȻͻƵ꾳ڣĪΪδɾͲ
ĪһˣҲвСļΪѾﵽ꾳ڣδɾͱضԬٴοһ䡣
ԬǰʵڹЩ˼ˣԬǰǵӦǸոսǰɣ죬ƽѾ΢ϤһˣҪ򵼣ǰϤһƽĻĪЦЦ˵ô˵ȫǿΪĪӾãԬղķӦѾģԲԼӰ쵽˸ߣԼʱ򣬹ϾͿԷֿˡ
ȻĪĪҪԬĴתתʱԬЦҡҡͷ˵Īĺˣƶɲǵһƽǣڴ˵һλѣˣʵѵģͲ鷳Īˣ
ԭˣΪܹԬǰ򵼣ȻԬǰѵģͲǰˣãѾƽͣգ׼뿪ǰǾʹ˱ˣ籾ȻԼչˣĪ΢Ц˵׼Ԭֿˡ
λԬֻܹӴΣĪӾλԬĵǣ϶кܶܣرԬĵǣССͣȴôŨıɵӶ֪⡣
ĪӲû̽ܵ뷨λԬȹȻ̽˵ܣ˼ҲûԼ˼ԼԶһȽϺá
ݰҲǸõطֵĪһȥעⲻҪǵڵˡԬԵ˵ͷ
лǰ͸ˣĪ̸лһ䣬űʩһ뿪ˡ


һٶʮ ·
ĪͷҲص뿪ԬһҲû뵽Īӡ
һֱȽֵǾǶԼˣһʶĺøУԬĪӴ˻ȥҲǾĪһĪӺȥӸʱ򣬻רŵŸл˱װףʺΪҲԬĶĪӸйٺܺá
Լǳģĺ󱲣ԼҲԺúõЯһ£뵽ԼһĿģԬͳĬˣǵԴԬϵıȥ˵߰ɣʦȥԺóԵģ
ԵһֱĪ뿪ıӰԬĻתͷ
Ԭǣֿ˿Ī뿪ķЩ˵ĪȽ飡
ţǵͷһȻֻĪӼΣĪӣȴһĪϤС
߰ɣԬҲû⣬ֻתһҾ¥ȥ
Ī߳ƽĸǣûٻͷֱӴǵžݵķȥٶȣƴԼҪʱ䣬ܽ뾵ݣԭƻߣ;ȤĵطҲͣĪֻ뾡Զƽǣ߳һξ֮Լյߡ
Ѿ֪ԬˣĪһ㶼ϽȥԼڵΪܶԼҲϲ
һ·뿪ƽʮĪӵĽŲ»ָԼ飬ٶȷעʼŵ;ķ羰ϡ
ƽμһƽ֮ĵηǳ٣Īһ·ǰߣ߿˵Ƿǳ
ڵ·ԣһ鱻ƽ÷ǳƽҪֲף񼾽ѾոˣĶ磬ֲ÷ǳ룬һȥÿ֮ļ϶ƺͬ˿ǳ
Īӹƣֵܹô룬пũҵӵֱʣ򲻿һ·߹ÿһﶼľ
Ī;Ҳ˼ׯ⼸ׯ·ʱĪӿһЩſɹ̫ˣڴ֮ϷֵĺӣǵЦݣȻǵò
һЩ˽̸һ£ĪȷԼ֮ǰĲ²⣬;߹Щأֲ֮ô룬Ƕũҵĵӡ
ƽĵƣصİټѧ֮УũҵĵطҪ಻٣һЩѾѧɣδӰټѧñҵѧӣ﹡֮䣬Χũأͬ˵ҲһС
һ죬ҪӽʱĪӲ֮пһɽ
ˮڣгֵɽĪ뵽һ֡
ƽľһţˮڵפأĪеɽ
ݴˮڵפɽ壬ȫˮƽ֮аģΧһƬƽأŻͻأֻһɽ塣
֮ǰĪƽǵʱ򣬾ͼˮںһŵĵӣŵĵӣӡ󶼲ôá
ڵˮڵΧĪ΢һ£Լӿ첽ûڣȴˮڹȥ˵
ĪӼӿٶȣܿ͵ˮɽĸǰˮɽǰĵ·ԱߣĪߵüͷɵ΢΢һ£Ϊǰĵ·ϣȻмˮڵĵӭ߹ƺǸմɽ
⼸ˮڵĵӣӭĪӣ˴˻һۣȻ˫ӽ֮ʱˮڵĵͻȻͣס˽ŲһͻȻڵ
ηѣˮ
ԷͻȻͣڣĪӲ΢΢һüͷ֮ǰƽ֮УˮںһŵĵӿǸףĪ˼䣬̬֮еָ߰ĪӵʱЩϲֻЩС£һҲ͹ȥˡ
û뵽ˮɽȻˮڵĵӣż˵ӣƺҪԼ̲顣
λˮڵĵѣֻҪǰݣ;˵أҪȥڰݷãĪ̬ȱȽϿϾ˼ҵĵ̣˼ŵɽ£ǿһá
ĪӵĻ⼸ˮڵĵٴζһཻۣһ̾һӴڵҿ㲻Ǵ·רųˮİɣ˵㵽ʲô
λǺ⣿ĪɫҲͬʱﰵеù
ĪҲüŵĵˣͬСŵĵӣй۵ĵӣĪӼüɽڡ̫ڵĵӣΪͺܲûˮڵġ
ԭΪƽ֮мǼֻǸϾһˮˣͬһ֮УҲ㲻֮ڿˮڵĵӣԻǲô
⣬ǾҪѵ˼ˣĪӵɫһȴЦǺǵ˵
·ٵˣĪȻǷǳӦطǰ⼸ˮڵӵΪĪһǵƣƫƫڵĵط˼ŵɽ¡
ǰ⼸ˮڵĵӣҲ꾳ڵģʣ¼磬ҲԼɽ£ԲŸ·թ
о˲ӬһģĪȴ֪Լﶯ֣˻ȥ⼸ҲŹԼ
һȥݣΪȥҵһλʦ壬Ĵæһ·ϻҲСҲûʲôĶλѿܷ񵱸·ƣÿһȥ·Īޱ˵ţɽ£òͷˮǲɹǱϾҲһţҪȫˣǾҪסԼƢ
֮飬ȷһߣЩ£ǻͷһ룬ʵҲһξԼջһ֡
ĪݵߵǼˮڵĵӽӹ˿һƷһƷȻֵ󣬵Īӵ̬ȴǸе⡣
ʦ֣Сóô㶫Ǵˣδ̫˰ɣһˣѾˣ硭ոտڶĪ˵ˮڵӣҪĪӹȥһˮڵʱȴĴյߣϸ
ͬʦܵĻˮڵӿĪһۣڸղˮڵӵĻЩĶ
ѾˣСȻڣȴȽ϶࣬Сӵʴ磬ӦòǸɢޣЩöȵȣǸɢޣˮڵĵӸոЩĶĪӵĿⶼһЩ仯뵽ȴͻȻ֮䷴Ӧ
ˮڵɽž·ߣƽҲûʦųͽЩбģûǲҪǣҲΪˣˮȻ·ɢޣȴҲһֱû鷳
ĪʱѾע⣬漸˿ԼĿԽԽˣѾһЩõԤУĪ̴ԼĴ֮УԼĵӡ˳Ŷ漸˵
λ벻Ҫ̫֣ⶫ˸ˣţҪΪ̰ȴֵЩѿˣ˵Сˣ


һٶʮ ҹ
ĪӵĻֿĪóĵӡˮڵĵӻ࿴˿ղźǰˮڵӶˮڵĵ̿ںСӣһӡ⻣˭ѽҡ
ž
ӵĻû˵꣬һֱںĪӶԻˮڵӣͻȻתһƣֱӽû˵Ļ˺
λѣʵڲ˼λʦЩѾѵˣղһᣬѵջأһ⣬ˮڵĵתͷĪӿ˵ѸղĪó˻ȥ
ԷڷǳƽͣȫƵϸ͸ղŵ̬ȫͬ
ˮڵĵӵǹ˼Īӵٵݣʳݰ㶼ϡ棬ˮ֮еʦֵܣвҲеְ֮
λˮڵӹ˼ɵģǵӡĹܣӡĳ£ҲԽסʳķ֮ϢѾжĪӿбģҪǶԷ£ǽϢ˻ȥǵʱǺ
˼ҹΪƽϢ鷳ʦŵĳԲǽȥʱùĻǡ
ȻҲСƣˮڵĵӣȴðգԸɴĪӹȥ
űݻĪûпջԼĴ֮УȻֵ󣬵ҲûбҪǰ⼸ˮڵĵӡ
Ȼһᣬ⿪ˣҾͼ·ˣĪмŵӡ˵
ȻѻԱ㣡ˮڵĵӵͷȻӲĪһơ
һĪҲɣֱӴ˹ȥھ⼸ˮڵߵʱ򣬶ԷҲû˿춯
תĪͨ⼸ˮڵ֮̿ٵͨˮɽ֮䣬ξѾܳǧס
ʦ֣㣬ǸСӣŹˣʱղűһƵǸˮڵĵӣĪԶȥӰЩʵĿ˵
ĿһӣղŴǸˮڵӿڵղӦٸƣúõĳԣѵʦųĶһֶû𣿸ղǸСͲΪһҪߣ˿϶вıгԴ֧ţͣ꾳ڣܹǵ𣿡
ʦֻ֣һˣǰɵȻʦŵĳæڣ֪˭֪ǸɵģǸˮڵʿ뵽ԼղŰƣȻЩ
㲻ԣһ㳣ʶûУ㲻֪ʳĹӡҲϢ𣿵ӡȻûлʳʽӡô㣬ֻҪһЩЧȹӡΪס𣿡
ʦٴεѵ⣬˰ƵˮڵЩȻıˡ
ղŴ㣬ΪãԺ೤ԣ۾һ㣬Ȼʲô£ǿû˰㣡ʦڲˣˮڵĵοһ䡣
ԣһƵ̺˲٣ͻȻ֮ԴһƵʦֻһ˿м

Īͨˮڵפ֮һ·Զʮͣͷ˿ˮפɽ壬ĪԳЦһ
ԼҲˣðǼˮڵĵӻסˣ˳ˡ
ûʱ򲻻·һ鷳Ī
һСĪӶˮڵĺøжȣֲһΡ
ѾȫˣҪҸطͶޣΧԲ֮ҲģĪӾԼǰߣҹ˵ҲǸ·ϰ
ҹɫ֮Уͷ¸Ұصų֮Ե÷ľҹ·һ⾳
Ŷߵĳ֮ҹ϶ĴĪӽղŵ֮Ժ˲١
ĺ鲢ûгãΪĪӷ֣ҹ·ˣֹһ
ǰԶмӰΪ׵һһŮеһϮ££ΪĸߴͦΣݿʣҲǲŮŵɫòͬҲΪޣ¹֮£ǳӡ
ЩˣӦһһŮĻ·룬ȻΪѵء
һһŮһͯŮһ㣬ĪжһĨ֮ɫ
Īӿ˶ļˣļȻҲĪӣһһŮļһݾ衣
ĪӾһһŮݺʾޣһһŮڿʼĪӣһ֮ϸĪӣͬҲԾһ䡰øĵˣ
ؽţǸΪֻ꾳ڣӦҲֻҹе˶ѣȥǰӣڴĪ֮С󱣳žļ
ĪӺӭȺԽԽҲЩ裬ӭȺˣӦΪһʱ俴ǰһһŮΪٴﵽ񾳽ϣֻϢţ嵽˺εȾ硣
ҹ·ôһˣұ˴˶ʵûа취˾衣
ڱ˴֮֮Ī¶΢ЦǰһһŮͷ
Ŀ⿴Īһۣ漴ٵջĿ⣬˿ĪӣȻĪӵ߹ǸŮӣͷβעƺһֱǸӵϣǷݰĽ֮⣬Ī·˼׶ܹԼĿó
ǸЩͷβĿһֱĪӵϣǲ֮ĪҲȻܹоǵעӡ
֪һһŮʲôݣǾͿǼ˵ݾͲ򵥣ˣȻҹ·ʱֱȺ߳һξ룬ĪӻعͷϡɼıӰĬĬ뵽
û뵽ʱ·ϾȻˣԬûеˮڣߵ·ûнϡߴһҪĥˣҹ͸ϵˮڡ߳һξ֮󣬸ղĪһУǸͻȻڣԵŮ˵
⣬ôɣԵŮӵĻ֮΢ЩɵĿڵ
ʱһжҪȣ׼ôãҲ뿴ʲôⷢǸѾӣһμ˻ʵ֮УΨһܹҼɵľԨԣԲܹΪ˻ʣһλᣬҴ˳㽫ӿһԵŮӣЩõĿڵ
⣬£ӦҲûʲôϵɣͲٵ𣿡ЩãŮɴɫЩĻش
ŮӵĻŵͣ˽ŲתͷǰŮӣȻץסļĿֱֱĶŮӵ˫˵
֪Ĳ̣ˣѾ׼̫ʱ䣬ʱٳеκηˣӦûģҲҪֻڹǷΪǵĸٴҵҲΪǵĽ
˵Ļһϸֳɬı飬Ȼ󻺻ĵͷһ
ţһ̵ĳŵеһ˿̣Ѿ֮Ժˡ


һٶʮ ù
ڤȥĪеӡɢĽ⣬âǰʮ»ҰЩ»Ұȫڤ
ʮ»ҰĪһ֮ǰ˲ģЩ»Ұ˼ӦѾһʱˣ֪ΪʲôٳٲԸȥڤûбɹޣ˼䶺ʱԽãͻԽ˥ûججԼ˭ǲ
ʱٳһЩȵеļ䶼ʧɾǾͻɼֻʣ±ελ꣬ɢ֮䡣
ĪΪһ٣ȻǱصģȻ飬ĪҲһЩ֮ģͽΧĹ»Ұȫ£һԵڤڤ¼䣬ҲùĻɢ
ǰʮ»ҰʧĪӴӴ֮óһ㣬һеȼȻֿǰ˵ʲôŲµģܵķ°ɣʱջһнڳ
ЩĪվת뿪˴˴ֻܹЩˣϵĹ»ҰִԸȥڤģܶĹޣ֮ǰҲĻִĹ»ҰĹ»ҰҲŰǽִֱڤͺãȵʱһȻͻֻؽϴȥǵļ䣬ֻ֮תһִ̰ɢˡ
ΧѰЩ»Ұ˲ٵʱ䣬ɫѾˣĪʶһɨֲԶһׯһѾʼˡ
Īûм·ҲûǸׯһĵطĿʼĿ
ʱĪһֱֵÿεǵˣϾв㣬ر˶ĵطΣǻܴܵӰ졣
ԼҰ֮УΧȴû˴ţòһΡ
δĪóһʼԴһйۿ֮ʱй۵ĵķʽĪӾͿʼģ£տʼʱûʲôãʱһĪӽҲоһЩͬķʽһ˿ƺ˳С
ĪԼһȻЧûей죬й۵֮ʱôǿЧҲѾһЩ֮
Īӽǡ̫ʼտʼʱǳᣬĪ񲻶Ͷ룬ԭȽƺúʼΧ
Īʮ׿һƬҶᶯ˶һֻëҺڵҰãҶڸ֮µһС˳Īӵߣֻ䣬һվš
һƬݴ֮£һ̵ߣҲӲݴ˳Īʮڣһſ
ΧӬϣһҲ׷׾۵ĪӵߣγһƬȴģ˿ȥĪӣ·ҲĪ֮С
ԶǸׯУһȺͿʼũæˣҲ˴еĶɵͣͣ˴˶һۣȻߣʼ
üʱûˣҲûһνΣĪֻþרעڡ̫ʼеݣҲƺֶһµ
֪˶ãĪֹͣеĵĺȻĿһֻޱȵĿ飬򣬵ȴǶǡ
ʱĪӺܿ챻һѣʱĪӲע⵽Ȼ֪ںʱԼΧ£ô߳ϣĶЩҲ·ͻȻ䱻סˣΧȻôĶһӻҵɢӿ
鰡һĻĪӺܿͷӦЩпܾǱԼģֻи̾һ顣
Щ϶ûʲôȻֻͨĶպЩ֮УпܻһЩĵ·
Ҫʱ䣬ҲûбҪھͽЩϾɱҲȻ֮еһҲԼպҳΪĻǵʱȻ˽Ǵɱ
ȻΪУЩͨĶȴ壬һԼҲϣֻЩǣ塣
ĴһĪ׼·ûжԶԼʶ̽ΧʱֵǸׯ
Ī߹æµˣһЦųĪӺλСղ𣿡
ǼλˣĪӵ˵ͷش·󱦵أһʱ𣬾ڻҰ֮һΣŵλ˼ˣ
ǼԸϽҡҡͷС˵ЦˣôܽдأǼϼһŶˣ˵о֮һǸˣû뵽ǸôС
ĪЦЦûټ˵ʲô
СطشƫԶǰϼʮҪ뾵ˣƽٿСĸˣ֪Сɻ£ܲȥǴͣЪƬ̣Ǽ˿ĪЦЦ˵࿴˿֮һٴο˵
Īע⵽ߵУׯڳûʱô룬˵·ˮ֮ߵׯھûôˡ
˵뾵ֻмʮˣĪӵٶȣʮ룬ò˶೤ʱܵȥЩ˽һ鷳ӦҲѲ̫¶ҪǿĻ֮ǰӦþܹ뾵ݡ
ȺǵĴĪӷ֣ӵķȻĴӲ̫࣬Ƿȴǳ룬űֱǰ
Сǣţ壡ĪӽӵǸˣĪӽ˵仰ʱ򣬿ͻȻһ䡣
վĪӣͻȻͣסŲǰˣһɫλ˿ڵ˼ңʦųͻȻҴţҸϿݣǳʵڱǸˣҰѾǱ鴦ˣ߰Ǻˡ
һ˵꣬ĪӾת첽ȥ
Цո߽ӣĪӾ̸оһŨѪɷٿķݣǾ֮˵ɣĴûйŹֲŹ֣ĪﻹҼȥ
Ѿ⼸Ī˵߾ߣĪת˲䣬һͬļˣ̾͵סĪӵȥ·ղƽƽ棬ͺũˣһͻȻ֮䣬϶磬꾳൱Ϊ
СȻǸˣʵ̫ˣҶûʲô⣬ֻһȺнľϱСæѡĪӽλһҲֱͦϵϢֱӴﵽ佫硣
ĪڼֱڣԼǵ·飬ôĪ͵ùˣĶܹĪ¡
ʳ񶼣ԶʹһӪ֮УԨŴ֮ǰŵḶ́Ŀڵô˵𣿡
ǵģ£˻ʱ»˵ڳ֮ǰȥһˣ˻ʱҲϣܹ΢һϾ
̵Ļû˵꣬Ԩֹ̧ס
ˣԣѾ֪ˣȥɣԨǰĹ˵
ǣ̧ͷԨı飬ֻܵͷӦһȻת˳ȥ
ȵ߳ȥ֮Ԩŵһ䡣
ʣʧ


һٶʮ Ͻս
ԨʹУ˲һ֮ǰ֮ǰԨ̣ѾǰȺ
ӵ£˻ʱѾˣڣ̹˵
Ԩ˶ԷһۣȻ˵ͷƿ˷ţ̧˽ȥ
ȵԨڣǰŽգȻһӣڷ֮һ磬֤˵̸ᱻ֮
Ԩ뷿УûкǰֱӿĸʣǸһӣǸڴϵӰ
ܸôһӣԨȴǳȷϳ˾ĸʣ˵ڶʳͳΣʳĿԼеİ˻
ԴӼǰʼԭߴͦεȥϵӣĲƣͷ˿ʱʼԼͺܹۿˣһӡ
ԼĸʣѾˣ
˻λãɲôģλϵһ̣ڻΪҪĵλͬʱҪеҲ̫ˡ
һΪߣǱǲó
ӺǸ˻ʣĬƬ̣Ԩſڽеʣˣ
ţ
ԨӺ˻ȴֻһȻҲͬĬƬ֮ԴһЩϵٴ
Ϊ޽ҪڶʳðͷЩϽѹȥսĲǾѾڲݱ߽磬Ȱɣ
ǣԨ΢һ£ǳ
ǰϽսֻǾԵĻԨĲǶ֣ȵսԨΪ񣬿Щȴ˵ڡ
ɣ㻹ʲô𣿡˻ʵٴԼ֮Уƺôһ˿ڴ
£΢΢ʶһ£ԨҧҧӺ֮мĸ֡
֮ٴιڳĬһιã˻ʵٴ𣬡ȻûʲôˣǾʹɣȽ˲Ǳߵ֮㣬ȥһ˺ݰɣˮЩȣҪһǰȥ򣡡
仰䵽ԨĶУվڷеԨȭͷ΢΢߬ˣ޵ʧ֮飬֪ζʲôζⳡ˻֮У߳ˡ
ǺǣԨͻȻЦһȻ˫ϥһڵأصڵһߵףȻ˵
һԨþûֱ˻ʿڣɣҪ򣡡
Ԩվ˫΢΢Щ죬Ȼתȥ
ɣΪһΣܴܲӦΪǸպҲֲ٣һ£ΪɣԨߵſڵʱ˻ʵٴһΣ֮оȻſ֮⡣
Ԩͣס˽ŲȻڣʣܹ˽Ѵ߹صЩʿĲѪᣬҲʺΪߣǻߣˡʵܣ
˵仰֮Ԩ˫ƿţϺһǰһ˲䱻ɢȻ粽˳ȥ

λ㿴ֻһ꾳ڵʿʦųھݵңҪǲȥʦųȵЩļһҹҲã˵ǲǣĪӿŶסԼ⼸λˣʱֻܹʼʩԼܻܲסˡ
ʦųҪ̫ˣæԽ࣬СҲԽ죬СģʱһʦųһͳȥģѾﵽ佫ϱһЦȫĪһס
һĪȫתһһ㣬ٵһȥȻ׼ֱܡ
ŻûоˣĪӾԼԶһѣܷ⼸ϱѣȻһ佫ǿߣ⼸˵ĻĪӾûпܵġ
ĪӵθնͻȻһӴѹѾϣĪӽŲɵһģ·һ˲ѹһɽ粽С
˧ǿߣоϵѹĪӳϨܵ˼˻û¶棬ԼϷ·ѹһɽ˧ǿߣһСׯ֮Уһ˧ǿߣԼ⵽ж൹ù
ĪͣԭأҲΪղܣһӾׯеˣֻķ֮УһӰٵĴӷг֮룬˴ڵλá
һӴѪɷЩ˵ɢĪӸоΧһ̱ųһա
ĪĿ⿴ЩѸʿ֮ͻȻһ˿죬Щʿжôľ񣬶ԼǰģȻһͷ׵ˣͶѾܴˣвٵˣ϶вȱֶϽŵĲ
һȺϱɢѪɷŨ̶ȣĪӰأӸЩʿɢѪɷҪŨ񣬶ǰЩϱ̫࣬ԼҲֻǧ֮ѡ
ʱĪӵĿֱ߳һӰסˣͬĲϣ˫֮ȼյĶ־ȴĪӸоǰλϽͷ·һȼյĻ棬ĳȡ
ǾսλС⼸ֻСæЩܣСܹһ£λϽߵĪӵߣͻȻ΢΢˵
˵ʱĪӸоԼɽѹһʧӰ٣Īӵʱѹȴǧ
Ǿս֣ĪӲǵһ˵ʦ÷һۣĪº˽һսǱߵľовǾŨīزʵһʡ
հ׵ĿУĪҲ˽˲Ǿľ֪ڵʳ֮󣬻ôһ֧ǰͬʱڵʳбȽϻԾǰ
ǾȻǰʼղԸܵʳձ࣬ϸ׷ǾʵҲû˺֮٣ôΣı߹أҲֹǵӰ
հ˵ǾһֻֻʣľӣȻϽսʼǰǰʣ֮УǾһֱϲǾԶȺĹǣԼֱһ̡
ԼǰλϽȻǲǾսǾ˵ԼԵȺϱǾǲǾ
ԭǲǾսϽˣΪ֪ʲôܹϵģϽԸɣݵĽ֮Ī侲
ǾȻǰǵķҲһֱԾ죬֮Ļ²ǾʳҲǡ
ԼѾ˼ҵˣǾԼʲôǼ򵥵СµĻԼǲһѣȻ˳
лˣҲʲô£ֻСæֵܰһº£ܹһլֵܸսһҲûһĸ಻뵽ڤҪȺֵܷ紵֮࣡սĪӵһлȻ˵


һٶʮ ޣң
Īû뵽պյĲǾϽսҪ飬ȻΪǵ¿ǣЩĪӵϡ
Ȼ֮⣬ЩϱһƺҲ֮С
ǾϽսĻԷҲжٶˣܺԨ̫󣬵ԨսȴǷǳĲϣµЩϱһҲƺнľ˷֮ʱ
Ϊ̫ˣòԱȲȴ˵ԣ⵱ȻǸԴԵˡ
ڵڶʳĳ֮󣬲ǾֻʣľӣԨΪʳӣƾʵȨߣԴϲδȱڶԴ̲Ԩδĵ·ϣҲٽһĻᣬսȴѾߵͷˣѾˡ
ĿֱսĪӿ˵ӽΪңҽ֪ʳְ֮ģ⽨լ֮ҵǻᣬȴǽʳȣ֪ǰլҲӦòǽҪİɣǰŹʿӦò٣һΣ
ĪӶսô˵治ȫѣ彨լ֮ģµȻ֮ѣĶȡȴЩѡ
ĪĽլ֮ǻʳȣһӦ֮ǸЩǰвˣַȻԭʼĽլ֮Ǿʳӹ֮ķ
ַһ̶ϣҲûʳͳαøȹˣϾ󲿷ֵͨ˹ĵģ⣬ǰ˼ҪãڤҲϣһ֮
һСõģϺͷﶼУҪֻˣСæˣսĪӵĻϵ¶һ˿Ц˵
Ȼֻȱһӽ˵һ򵥵ɣ֣֮Ҫ·ҼɢޣǸȫαءֱһ̣ĪȻûзܲȥ̯˺ˮĻû˵꣬ͻȻսˡ
㲻ɢǡľԪ˵ûɣս˫ۿĪӣĿ·ֱܹĪӵ顣
СʿҪҳƤ죬һٶǰ̷ӢһȾƵʱʦƶ֪ģΪȻͣȴͦƢģľԪ໹һЩأϧҲûϢˣ
Īûʲô˵ˣЩñȽϾõļһǶ࣬սе̷ӢӦþԼʦ÷ʦȻĪû÷˵ʦʲô֣սܹ˵Լ֣ûʲôɻɵˡ
Լϸ˼ҿˣǻôĪֻڨڨһЦȻսԴζĿ֮УƤ˵ԭӽһȻдԨԴæȻҪģ֪ʲôطھͿԿʼ
ĿĪһۣսϸֳһ˿ŹֵЦ⣬û뵽ǰСʿмƮȻȴȻԲһ棬Щ⡣
Ķսȴ֪ΪȽϵ͵ʱȻϻȥôΪԲһ㣬һ¡
ŴھۼĶ˻֣ʾЩϱɢսĪ߽֮УԼǼ䷿
ڽ뷿֮սóһĪӵ
Ϻͷ棬Ͱˣ֮Ϳ뿪ˣģź̷Ӣһݽ飬ҲӲŵģֻ޳ûʲôԸģ԰æҲ̫ܹѧֽլ֮ʣµĲϣʱҲһȥȫһˣ
һս˵Īһ߽ʶ̽봢֮У˴֮еĶ
һӦüصľլ֮һѺɫǽլҪϣڤڤͨڤһڤ֮⻹мСԲƺĳЩһʱ֮仹ʲô
оɣż⼸ڴסǸ֮ѣܿասڽĪ֮󣬾ת뿪ӡ
ʣĪһ֮ĪӾóһ򣬿ʼϸо
ͬս˵¼ĲѣĪӺܿȻء
լȻģ򣬵ϾΪȫģ³ãֻΪ˱ӻ꣬һ֮Եڤ磬ܷ紵֮ࡣ
լ֮ļ򵥣ѵĵطڲϣȾڤеڤȽϺõõĲˣֻҪһλһλ񾳽ϵʿһЩʱ䣬ڤҵһϣԸ΢ЩˣҪȡȻҲĶ棬˵ʳķȡ
ԭǼ֮еĶȻԸĪҲ֪֮еǼʲôˡ
ѾȻأϾͷֱߣĪӾͿʼһγլ֮
ھһγʧ֮󣬵ڶĪӺ˳ľһլкģһСӣĪĵ˵ͷ
Ժû˵ٵݣҲ԰˽լˣѧ㶫
һȥĪҲլ֮еĲϱ֮һҡ
һ죬ĪûмլǺսһһһһġ
СֽͦģͿˡսĪЦ˵
ţϻвأЩ𣿡ĪЩķһ䡣
ߣôϻСǸˣܶ鲻Ҫ˵ƣ˵Ҳû˼ˡսתһԣЩɺ˵
Īԣһʱ֮ЩĬʱ䣬뵽һ⣬Ǿǳհ֮ǰۣ˵ֻʣĻһ㶼û˵
ҲǾ̫˴սЧҵĵڶʳĲǾѾн꣬ûеõڶʳκεʰˡ
լЩϣֵҲǲˣԲĲǾܹõóģһнլԼЩԸӦöڵڶʳ
ûиʱָЩýֺͷҲܹµսȥɡ
ӽˡС񣬶ʽһ䣬һֵ𣿡ĪҲЩϱս
Īӵ⣬սЦЦǲǻңҵڵڶʳ壬Ȼ˵һȰҵĻȰСӻǲҪ˵ЩˣЩúܶˣܹýȥҲֲ˵Щ
ֵֵǵֵܲΪֵҲξһ쿪ʼҵҳϣڻʳ壬δı䣬ֱ죬ڵȻǻʳͬҲ壬֮꣬ڡ˵ظҲգ˵޴ҲգҲңǱߵƣ


һٶʮ ս
ս̸֮ĪӲûܹȰöսΪսĻ΢΢һЩ
ʲô֪ΪΪ֮ĪӾþսˣ֪Լ⣬Լļ⣬ֻҪҡʼռȥ֪Լңȴûиĵ˼
ˣΪ΢ɢޣȹԼɣͿ뿪ˣʱ򲻹ʲôҶزͣĪ֪ǾԻд뵽Լܹ뿪ˣҲûҪ̽뷨
ĪúܺãԼЩ飬ǺܶණԸΥر˵ùʱǺˮ졣
һڵĴ󴬣ڸ߿֮ϢŲݽӽһ׵ʿȫǳࡣ
£ѾҪӽݾڣԤһʱңܹǾ֮Ԩվڴͷһʿǰ
Ԩԣص˵ͷ¶һĨս⡣
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沢ûնԨǲԨգԨһѪۣԨȥӭһٶȷɿİ׹⡣


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һײ֮䣬·𶼹ڼžֻһڻصԨеĳãǵٶȷɿİ׹ײһ
֮ǰѿĳã˲䱻ǵ׹飬׹ֻٶԻԨ˲ѾԨ
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Ѫս߽ͬʦսʮ

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ѾѱˣˣȫȥɣɱӢɫһ߼˷ԸȻĿ䵽һԵԨϣеٴһεĿȴǶ׼Ԩ
ղŵһܹҪԨһԨ𣬿սͻȻķˮȴôĲۣԨҲѾˣҪɱҲѡ
ӢӼһ֮ʱͻȻȴɫһ䣬һξӨˮ飬֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻϢ䵽ߣ̺ò̶ԨעŵͻȻ䵽ǰˮϡ
ӢһָֻһϽɫĹâֱӭһξӨˮΣȻ̸оһˮ֮Уֿ̺ҵǳ֮
ˮ֮еǳ֮Ӣ˵ǿⲢǿǳ֮ȴѹһССˮ֮УҴһַǳҵ״̬ûκιɵˮ֮ҴܣˮĶһֲֿƻ
Ӣӵļʶһʱ֮ҲЩϲˮεʲôˮֶΣֶΣȴκβ
ˮεȻĪ۵ˮҲٴθӦǳ֮֮ǰһʩչˮˡ
һŵƱĵˣһκβӢӣĪȴڣ˼֮Լ;оýС΢ⲢԼˣ
ڲǾ飬ĪӾΪ壬ԼҪ֣ӢӵΪĪҲʵǿۡ
һǣԼѾǣˣԨԼǰɵĪӲԼºܹȫϵ
ӢӵֵĪˮͬʱЩȫȼѪĲϱȴͻȻ˱仯
ΧŨѪɷЩϱϻۣǵʼѪ֮ڣߵսһսҲͬˣѪɫĻ֮Уٵڡ
ѪɫĻٵɢȵɢ֮ʱЩǾһû٣ȫվԭأֻڲѪ֮ˣתһĻ塣
ս꣡


һʮ 
ս꣬һְսǿս֮󣬲пܵ壬˵Ҳǹֲ꣬ͬڹꡣ
ѾǧĲǾ˿Ѿȫս꣬ǿµսҲսһ֣ǰıСɴǵϣǱɻ֮ǵıкףҲǲɷָһ֡
ĪӿǧĲǾս꣬ĿϸǣȻѾս֮ȴǵһۼ
ͬĪӼЩޣҲͬͨĹ꣬ЩǾս꣬ǵĻѪɫģɢҲǹŨѪɷ
ԭѾȥսҲתս꣬ͬЩǾ֮УЩǾ˵ѾսսһҲս£սǻɢһ̡
һߵӢӣϽɫĹâȫĪӷǵˮϽɫâ֮УһˮıڣͬϽɫâһ֡
ϽɫĹâɢӢȫƾʵĪӷǵˮεĵ
ǵˮ֮ӢӽĿתѾսս΢ЩҧгݵƥأڿڻʳԭǼٵģ
ӢӵʣѾתս꣬վս̧ƣղűɵԶıһУǰսͿٵķУε
סսһ̣սΧѪɷɫøˣͷ·ŵҺһ㣬һɾɱ⣬սϱ
г͵һӣһѪĵսһնף·Ҫ˺գֱǸӢӶȥ
սңܹڮٵģӽһұ㷢ڻʳ壬һڻʳ࣬꣬һԣѾˣǷʳ˿ûڻʳսֻսСɱֵܣսһնҲͬʱ
ԶĪս֮УҲû֮ǰֲϵĸоòԾҲתսԭĸоһ˿ĵĻ죬ôһ˿Ĺ졣
пսնһû˿ľ⣬һŭݣٴеһϽɫĳڹ֮ϣ̧
ڳһ˲䣬ʸһϽɫצӭһ
ƥٰƱ磬ҲվͷˮʵȻͽǾҪбɱľ򡣡ɳеҲͬ
УֱʱĪ֪Ӣӵ֣ԭС
ȻǰĻ年ӵܣӢӵݣĪӸղڲ²⣬ѾµԷпǰ֮ڵ֪˶Է֣һ²Ѿ֤ʵˡ
Ͻɫײһ𣬲ûײıըսնĵϽɫӴ֮󣬽ϽɫɢͬʱҲɢϽɫУѸٵڵˡ
ĪӿһĻĿⲻɵ΢΢һղһˮҲͬǱԷϽɫڵģԿԷֶεĲǷͬ졣
Ͻɫƺܹںǳ֮۵ˮѪɷսĵȫ˿塣
һεĻսûӦΪԷ˵ûͷȷƻ˶ԷļƻԨ˿Լˣʵսȷˡ
ⲢսΥԼҳȡᣬ䰲˫ȫǰ壬֮һЩͻʱսһѡ񣬶ѡûеڡ
ĪʹսһֵֵսʱûشĪӵֵֵ⣬Ҳδһ˳ӣᶨԼͬʱһҲź
гһᣬսͬȾѪɫսս⣬ǰ̤ЩǾʿҲͬս󣬿µսǰ
ǻǰĪӷһֱΧѪɳʱʼɢˣΧһѪ磬»ѪɷսͲǾȺսۣǵȼѪɫĻ档
ҪκεϸѪɫĲǾս꣬ʱٶȻ֮ӿ죬ǰһȺ˷˳档
֮Ӵ˲ǰɱ˲Ǿ㽫ʿھø۵ʱˡ
ֻǧĶ飬ڷһ̣ȴ·һѪɫƷǳƴ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬սĲǾʧȥսĲǾȫ۷ʱ̵ĲǾû˸СƣԪɲУתս֮ĲǾʱ̾ʹ۷塣
£ˣԵ֮ûбҪһȺս꽻սѪɫĲǾս꣬ߵˮ̿˵
Ϊһ֮ˮΪҲﵽ˴磬ҪǰȺս꽻ֻ֣ķݶͲǶ֡
ԣżĲǾս꣬ĿֿһǱѾ˵ԨһĨ֮ɫʱҪȡԨѾˣֻ׼һ֧
֪Ӧðֱֻ۶
תͷһеڵעУٴ۳һϽɫĳûԼһ֮
ȥ
һɣһһʸٴλһϽɫղŵһƸǿӭѾ嵽ǰĲǾսꡣ
ߣ
һҲȥһǷЧֱӶʾ⣬Ȼ뿪
Ȼƻûг׵ĳɹԨЩɵĶֳҲͬشԨǸʸⲻͨļʸֻ˵һ㣬Ѿ㹻Ԩˣ鵤ҩҽҵĸ˳֣ҲҪ̵ʱ䡣
Ҫ룬ѾĺܽĲǾսܹöԷѣղǼλǾϱǲǰ
ѪɫĻ۳һѪɫĳе۵սϣѪɫսһݺݵǰ䣬ʸɵϽɫһûܹٽսĹڣǱѪɫĳһɢͬʱһǰҪĹһȺնȥ
һȺ֮УʱתͬԼıУһ֮ǰ
е⼸еҲΪﵽ佫ľ磬µһ֮ǰ
佫Ļûסһֻ赲һһٶȣȻһ֮£ȫնأǹеȴѾ˳һϽɫĹâʣµ˾ͲӰ
䣡
һ£ն䵽˴ϣڵһĹ֣ǰӳȥ˺ܳ
ʧǾȼŵѪɫҲͬʧǰͷȻֹ뻮һվԭأϢȴԵø𺳣


һʮ ս
ĪӿŲǾսǰĴأһֿԼʮףǧףͷ·ǰĴ룬һ֮ɼһߡ
վǵ֮ǰսתĿ˰ڵϵԨ
սĿԨʣµʿ̽ѸٵԨǰ
սֻǿһۣûںЩʿµսٴ⣬ĿԨ
սЩʣʿӽˣǸողſսƺѾǰˣҲǾȫתս꣬ԨսղŽ֣ǻЩģսԨ
սһĽӽʿеıѾսˣҲٴɢѪɷһ쿪ں
ֹ
սԣȻͣ˿Щŵʿսûмǰߣվ˵Ͽ촦һԨϵưɣ˵òᣬڹѾˣʲô鵤ҩڿԸˣ֪ͨǵǰɣ
ս˵꣬ٴοһԨȻµսתͷһȥ
սķĪڵķսսĪǱȥʱԨµЩʿŷ֣ղѪɳķΧ֮ڣЩصǰ֮⣬Ȼһ˴ڡ
һĪӵߣսĪӿڵСʵڱǸˣվǽǣˣûʲô£
ԼǰսĪϸĴս˵ʱѾԳˣ۲תΪս֮սĪӷֶԷѪɫԵЩãЩĹǳƣֻǻ֮ڣƺѪɫΧʱ̻һѪɷ
սԼʮңĪܹĸоΧովۼһεıϿˣʼһһһս⣬սɢ
лӽˣȻܵһ㲨ȻĪЦŻشһ䡣
ţľͺãɷСһæսͷڡ
ӽ뽲ĪսĻһ˼ĿǱһЩûתΪսĲϱʬ壬оͲµսԼʲôæϾԼΪܰæĵطࡣ
ȻսҪ󣬾ϣĪӰЩûתսĲǾϱһѣڤ
Ī˵ֻһС£ȴûһڴӦԭǻǱߵԨˡ
Īǻʳĵ٣ʦ÷Ҳǻʳ뷷飬ʹ˵ĪվڻʳߵģлʳڳԼҪעһ¡
΢˼һ£Īӿսڵӽкδ㣿
սĪӵĻĿֱĪӣɢǹսøǿˡ
սһǰ߽սɳֱ׵ɢɢŸŨҵս⣬սȻһ㣬Ī˵
Щ˵ĪģҲͬ˵ԨЩʿġ
սĪӵ¶һĨЦݣղҪеԭ
սսԹս꣬ȫսϣطս꣬յĹҲڱ߽սϵĺսֱǳ׵Ӵʧ֮䡣
ӽģæҰˣõս϶ĻشĪҲͬӦս
ǾСˣսĪӵ˵ͷأЩǾսһ𣬽ûתսսʬ
һߣԨµʿڵõս̸֮ԨҩЧƺ룬ȴҲԨתһ㣬벻ڶܶ
Ԩµҩ֮ЧǺ룬Ȼ˵ҩ̫ǺԨЩȻڻƻйء
Ԩǳİ֪κһ˵壬Ԩ궼ܵˣûսİһһ㣬Ԩһ³
뵽΢΢תһԨЩʰսʬĲǾս꣬ЩѵĿڶߵʿ˵ȥæ
ߵʿԣתͷԨڿԨĿ̷֮ӦкʿһȥЩսѵʬ壬ǲǾʬ壬мսʿʬ塣
ĪʱҲ߹óԼĵӡػԨȺʿԼݣȻңңԨķ΢΢񣬲ûпȥ
ԨˣĪȻԨɲԨܹסԼʱǲҪȥˣһȽϺá
ڲ֮䣬ĪͻȻһԵĵϣ˸ղԨǸʶ֮е첻⣬һ̾ȻݸĪһϤС
ܿ죬Щȥսʿʬ嶼ĪǰʼԼĹҪڤģֻвǾЩϱڻʳսʿǵȻлʳ٣ҪĪӶ¡
ⳡ·ǳªĪȴ÷ǳ棬ո裬ЩϱڤȻӴ֮ó֮ǰõļլЩϱܹڤһ֮
⼸լõģԭ콻սû뵽ҹͱսû뵽ǣջЩϱˡ
һ˿£Ī½ӡȻս˵ӽǵ꣬Ѿ͵ڤǿ԰ǰˣ
սԣĪӵ˵ͷ˵лСðˣ
һ䣬ս֣һɫѪɷϯЩϱʬϣЩʬһѸɻҡ
ЩֵսһһǵĹǻǰ߽սֱǳսһѸɻսٴζĪ˵
ѾˣҲˣСٴлˣԵ߹սʱǾڵĻСȾƣ
һ˵꣬еĲǾսתսĴ뿪
սڣȴûз˿ͷ·һȺɫ飬ԶƮȥ;谭ǽΪսòĵΣѾǾסķݣ˵·𲻴һ㣬ôֱӴдգ֮䣬Ǿս꣬ʧĪӵ֮УǾӰֻڱ߹սֱǳɢһ̡
ԨߵЩʿҲͬĿŲǾսԶȥʧ֮С
ǾսѾ뿪ˣԨµЩʿȻҲûмɣսѾɨˣȻҲ뿪ˡ
ĪһֱվԭأԨȺʿĴӵ£Ҳ뿪ƬսЩϧǸȻһˣǿϧˣ
ӸղſʱĪӿǸ˵ԨʸϣĪʶ֮е첻⣬ȻݸһϤС
ĪȻ֪Ǹʲôǹټʶ֮첻⴫ϤУԿĲԭܲŪ֣⣬ǱԨʿˡ


һʮ 
е˶뿪֮ԭֻʣĪӣսѾɨøɸɾһƬݲеĲӵĴأвԶ֧ķݣԼصĻɳ˵Ÿղŷս
ˣ
ĪĿɨһȦΧĺһȻҲת뿪ˡ
ӲǰݣмⲢ̫·̣ȴ˲ٵ£һоգԼҲԼǰˡ
ˮڣڴϣϵŭΣǰһԭеʯŵһ̣ͱĶˣ̣ʯ֮Ȼû
ˣˣԭʱ飬һЩۣҲôϣѾԨڹеԣϸİοš
ˮĿУѾ֪һ飬Ҳ֪˹ԭֻҲû뵽ǰĹսȻͷˮ
ƥҿиϣҹһƥȻתս꣡
ȻһŭɶӣҲֻܼȰοҲϸЧһ֮󣬹зŭı齥ڶ˵
ԸһԬ̶֣ԣԨûˮﲻܶˣõҪĶ뿪
ɣˣȡԣ֡ԣϸֳ֮ɫҪ˵ʲôֹ
ǳԼ˵ʲôҡ˹е⣬˵飬Լֹˡ
ңҪ˵Щڴ˵ѾộͬҲôαˣ
֪ƣʱ򣬲ٳʲôˣϿ飬뿪;֮ͥУڵԣƳһۣ¶һĨ֮ɫеŭŸոƽϢҲûô˼ȥúðοˣ˵֮󣬹оȥ
֮߳йУͷվԭأŽҪ飬ҧסԼ촽¶һĨ֮ɫԺ֮лһЦݵ꣬տһ
Բ𣡡
һ̧֮ͷͬ߳˴زѾû˺ڵĻᣬһֻܼǰˡ
ĪžݵķȥٶȲǺܿ죬ͬʱʶʱ̷ųϹ۲ΧԵñȽСġ
ĪӾԼĲǺܺãƽǰݵһ·ˮڵפ֮Աһ£Ȼ־뵽֮УȻ뾵ѾԶˣĪȴЩģ᲻еùԼ
һ·СĵžǰУۿҪִﾵݵı߽磬ĪҲûʲôù飬һ·һ˶ûп;һݹ⣬ԼϿշɹĪЩĽ
ڿҪˣʶѾ̽鵽˲Զı߽ʯĪӲɵһǾڵĵ̣û˸ǵƤ£ֻҪ뾵֮󣬲ǵڵˣǻϾǰȫġ
ĪӼ뿪ݾڣ뾵֮ʱĪͻȻоһĪʶ֮е첻âҲ˸ĽŲɵͣĿ˵·ԵĲľ
ڸղŵһ˲䣬·ԵĲľȻ֮ͷ·𶼻˹һ㣬ȫŲݵķͷ·Ǹݡ
ĪתȥŲľķĿϡ֮ԿڲݾڣԼ̫ԶĵطƺһʵĹҫʡ
ǸӦˮڵλãǸĪжŹâλá
оԼֶԼĪĪӻûüô£ͻȻͿǱҫʵĹâʧˡ
âʧԭȥĲľҲٵĻֶָԼҲʧӰ٣ʶ֮е첻⣬Ҳ¹ƽ
ĪĿȴĶǸһĨ⡣
ˮ֮УпеĶǰϸĴл֮̾
ԣǺö֮Ҳû׼ôãǵõˡ
еŵĶУһɫ飬һӣֻһɵԣͱ档
վڹеԣĿȴЩӵĿŲԶڵѪһССӰȻתͷڵ
Ѿõˣɣ
ԣתͷһۣ¶һЦݿڵİɣ֮ǰҴӦģõˣȻŹ״̬ȥҲ˶ã
Ӧҵģ߰ɣܻãһоͿԼˣеĻѵᶨĿŹУǳ˵
ע񣬹Цŵ˵ͷȻ֣ҵȻسŵ˰ͳȥɣ
˳ԼеҪĿģѾˣϴʼûҪɱ˵ڵǸӰԷںԷϣǷе鷳ˡ
깴еĻתȥ˵ǸССӰȻ˳ȥ
ĪӴʱôһϳǰССӰй֮Եǡ
ż߳ŵнԼת˷֮Уһ˵ϡ
ԬѾˣú֮ܲǰŵ飬ڿˣжվǽǣЩĬԬ˵
ԣԬ̧ͷĿ˹У촽΢΢˶ȴֻǵ˵ͷ
ԼһֱϾҪõˣԬȴоԼﲢûôˣǵڵϵһ̣ԬͻȻ֮ôһЩڡ
ԭֻһ׮ףԼ󣬰һ飬ҲԼҪ󣬶ǸҪ󲢲ѣֻԼһӣÿһʱϼһֻҪ⼸ʱѡ
ǸӺܶ£ֱ֮⣬ûκҪԼĵģ˷ǲľദڲ֪֮䣬ԭҲദһЩˣ
ԵЩĬԬ΢΢֮жһ˿Ū
ˣ෴ӦԬĶκεĴۣõģֻʧȥĶԬõģʧȥĶԵȡ
֮Ԭ˳ȥҲ˻ɫ֮Ѿָ糣ֻʣ¹һ˵ĴʵԬأѾ뿪𣡡
е˵ͷشõҪĶѾˣҲͬˣˮѾǾ֮أܿͻᱻȺѾԸˮڵϿ֮ţ뿪ˣȥĶˣ
˵󣬹һ䣬һȴûлشֻת˵ȻҪˣҲȥʰһ£
ûлش⣬Ҳû⣬Ҳ˿ģѾǣΪʲôΪԷ»ţҲ̫á
ˮߣеһȺϢĳˣͬʱĪҲ뿪˲ݵı߽磬Ľ뵽˾ݾڡ


һʮ 
ŨĪӽ뾵֮󣬻ûп̣ĪӾͷ˾ݺͲݵĵһͬŨȣ˵Ҫ߳һЩȣȻǸߵøࡣ
ĪһǰߣһھݵĽܣھ֮ڣֻоһţҲʵʵͳߣΪأǰǾڴġ
ݵҲҪ࣬ݵز˸־ľӣоƷҲͬڻʳڳ
˵ĪһƬƧһƽϵĵطôݣͿһ֮
ݾһΪ帮֮أĪӽ뾵֮Ŀǰڵĵطھڣ븮ڻͦԶġ
һ·򸮳ǳĪ;Ҳ·һЩׯ־ݵˣͨׯеũңڷһ澵ӣƺͨľӣĪӴЩ֮ϣӦһɺаƵЧ
ʱܿ͵磬Ī̧ͷգ֮䣬ĪҲ֪ǲԼĴһӾͷգ·ҲһƬ棬ôһ˿õʸУָоܿʧˣϸĹ۲գȴշǳ
ҡҡͷĪӼӿٶȣŸǷȥֱڵʱĪڸϵ˸ǡ
ǰĸǣĪһǰһĸоͬиǣĸǣǽߴֻмʮ׸ߣĪһ·߹ڲݿЩǵĳǽҪ˺ܶ࣬Ǿĸǳǽͨƺģһɳǽשߣ΢΢ɢһЩ
ڳ¥֮ϣһ汦ƯӾ洹һ⣬ſڶˣнǻ߳ǵˣҪ⾭Ӧþǽǵļ⡣
ôֱʣıͷڳſ֮ãǾµľݵĸǣƮڳ֮ϵıĪӷǾȻһıɸ̾һ¾ڵĲƴ֡
ڳ֮ϵıһǳ֮УɲֻһĳţӦöһ汦ļˡ
Ī̧Ÿ֮ȥͨǵµĹʱĪ̸оһֱ̽ĸоָֻоһţûйֵ̽顣
뾵֮УɫѾĪԭһطţȻȵٺúõĿǡ
ǵĪһ֮󣬿ڵľ󣬾ȻһƬĹ
ֵķ֮ϣɢŹâľӣ˿Ե÷ۣЩӣҹĻ֮ʱҲûӰ쵽֡
һ̣Īһֻصǰ˵ĴƺǰһƬƻԻ͵ľһ澵ɢĹâǹâȴۣԵ÷ǳͣеҲûһҹľס
Īӿʼ֮ߣų֮зĽŵ·Եˣ𺳵ĸоԽԽ
еЩĪΪֹĽкܴĲͬƫԲΣڷݽ֮УƺҲҪʹһЩӣĪӿĲЩ췿ݵĲ֮УƺҲһЩľӣڹâ£֮еķݣƺҲҫ
·ߵЩ֮УĪڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣûзмͨˣƺ֮У˶ΪȻ磬ûлԵܹôߣ֤һ飬ǾǺܿھΧ֮ڣȫȫ
һ£絽Ĺؿͽ˿ˣȻȻͻˣ򲻵εŬѸһ
ܿ죬ҹĻ׽ˣ֮һ澵ɢĹ⣬ȴøˣʱĪӷ֣ΧĳǽһשߣҲҹĻ֮ǽһֵɫһĹɢ΢΢Ĺâ˿ۣȴ
һҹǣһĪӿһУɵÿڳ޵
ĪӵĻ߲ԶļĪӿ޾ȫЦſĪӣͷʾƣҲ˶ѡ
֮еˣݺͲݵˣƺһԺУ·ʱͦأİˣԸԼƣȴ׵ǰкĪΪǸߣǿĪӵĿУȴû˿ľη
Ī·ߣһɢ͹âľǰųʶϸĹ۲澵ӡ
ЩܹɢâľӣȻͨľӡҪһܹҹľӣĪӾòѣľڳڵǣĪӿɲЩȫǷ
Īʶ֮̽УܿͷЩӵ飬ɵٴοڳ޵Ĺ룬ֻĵģһЩͨĲϣȻһͨľӣòȻˣ
Īӵ֮̽У澵ӵڲһ֯Ƶַھ֮вĵģԱ֯κһƣĵı˴˴䣬ܹ洢תΪ͹âͷųãһĿԶпơ
һ澵ӣֻҪǳ۵ĲϾܹɣõķģһߣܹʤδ¡
Īɣ֮зľӣȫǳЩǵ֮
ԽеķļסĪӾõȵԼصӰأԼҲŪһЩľӳ
ô̵ʱ䣬ĪӾ;Լݣһǳǵѡ񣬡ֲհ׽ҪݿȻһֵĵط
ҹɫŨˣ֮ЩɢľӣâԽİˣͷϣһ¸߸ߵ𣬾׵¹£Ī̧ͷգȴǳȵķ֣˿֮ϣȻ
֮УȻֻһ£ЩĪϸȥ۲죬ȴЩ¹ԱߣӰ
λǸݰɣҪȣ϶Ǽ£ӦǾڵĸڼǵķڵ±ܹɱεĴз֮Ҫ»֮ԲŻڵľ󡣾ڻ֮Ӧһִձɱ֮Ҫ̫֮ͬʱּ̫Ҳ辪ȵġĪӴ̧ͷգһ·ʿڶĪӽһ䣬ȻҲûеĪӻػԹԵ뿪ˡ
ĪתͷҪ˴кֶԷѾ뿪ˣֻܿԷԶȥıӰ
ĪҲû̫⣬и˷ܣ֮еǼ£Īһֱվ￴˺һջԼĿ⡣
֮ǰȥĲݣĪӼʶ˺ܶɢޣͨ򽭻ȡԴȻ򽭶Щɢ˵һƬأĪҲ֮лԼҪĶĪȴûиожôãҲԼ֮е硣˾ݣֻǽ뾵ЩĪӾ;ãӦòԼе硣


һʮ 
һҹĪӲûԼտʼƻڸ֮УһطͶޣΪʱ֮йҪ죬֪֮䣬ĪѾھĸ֮Уһҹ
һҹʱ䣬ĪȻԼûȫ˽ǣΪǳ֮Уʵ̫ܡ
еЩݽĪ֮ǰĸ۴αȣ΢ԵЩ⣬ϸ֮Īȴ֣Ⲣ⣬Ƿݽķλƺǰĳõġ
Ī֮ϵ裬ֻһѧߣĿǰ᲼õֻһԻ󷨣󷨣֮ǰ֮ջЩڣһݽ󷨵ĵ伮ȻҲ̫֣ͬĪ˵ȴǺá
ݵ伮֮УĪ˽⵽󷨵УͺһҲһȼֵģ󷨵ѶȺԷΪżĻ󷨣ͱ˵ĪõԻ󷨣иһεķ֮ϵ
֮еЩݺ󷨣Īϲʲô󷨣Ǵжϣ󷨲õ׳̶ȣҲһһ
ʱĪӷĸ֮Уܶķݶ˴в߳˼ţ̧ͷգڵȴʲô
ĪӿŴ̧ͷյӣҲ˳Ŵҵȥ
̫ûֻ¶һĨǰףھϿգȴ֪ʱһ͸ľ޴ǶбƯ֮ϡ
ǣ۹𣿡Īӿб͸޴Ժ֮ðһЩǰѧ֪ʶ
ܿ죬̫һأЩľһ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ڣһ޴֮ϣͬĪ֮ǰâ䵽֮֮һӴֵĹ⣬ֱ֮䵽·ľУǣ˲ԡһƬ֮С
ĪֻоԼȫһůģһ󵫲ȵ˸оǳ޲þ͵˯һ
Īӿɲ˷ĺûᣬתڵ
ΧЩеľҲǱ۾нĺš
˲ãĪӸоΧůʧˣɵ˫ۣĿͷ
˿̫Ѿȫˣ⿪ʼմأ͸ľ޴ǽеȥֱʧ
ֲһǵˣûмͨˣڣǺųڵĴţĪЩ˾ڵֱʣҲͬʱˣΪʲô֮Уܹͨˡ
ղĪԡ⣬峿̫δ֮ʱĳ֮ĺܶзȽϤһ֣֮˲ɼ¾֮е֮
ҲĪˣھ֮оסЩϵΪôġ
֮ǺεĪӳôˣжһˣþڻὫ֮ݵİնĻ֮ɢޣҪʮֹ
Ӧֻǽ֮ǰĻҲĴǳһЩܹ֮ܳԡƾǳҲһЩʲˣܹɹһЩ©ͲţҲܹ£Ҳһѡεӵķʽ
ĪӸղע⵽ЩľһЩڤһضûйֻÿԡ֮ʱƾų֮ɾˣҲܹﵽ磬ֻЩȡɡ
峿ԡ֮Ѿˣ̫ҲѾȫµһ쿪ʼˣЩɢŹľӣʱâҲȥͨľһ
ӦԼڵղôʱĪӵİ൱ʱɹڵһЩ
ĪӿŽȺжߵʼڳߣעŵЩɵϣϸо󷨣ȻЩܶطܹЩҲĪһֻȻʵĸо
֪ΪʲôĪӾڽ뾵֮ԼĪһɸУͺЩùˣһ̶ʧˡ
ݵҪǵҲĪӼĸҪһ·еһ䣬һô֮£ĪӿһȺߣ塣
Ⱥ߸ۣǴϵķȴǸԲͬһΪǳΪǸҲҪĪӵΪߣﵽ񾳽硣
Īӿ⼸֮ʱ⼸ҲĪӣһλ´ĪһۣͻȻԵ˵ʲôȻʹĪӵĶߡ
λСѣɷǰһ𣡡
ĪǼǱ߿һۣһԼЦͷĪ΢һ£̧˹ȥ
ԭĪӲûյǱȥȺԶΪǰˣԼҲûбҪǰȥţȥύ˵˼ҵķС
˼ҼȻˣƺҲԼ޶⣬Ǿ͹ȥҲ޷⾵֮УԼҲʲôΣա
ǼߣԼĪҴĪһ
Īӣλǰ
λĪӵĻ໥һۣȻղкĪӵλϸһĪӣЦſ˵СðСѹСֻ֣С֤һ£СѷĻ֪ܷ𣿡
λ߿Īӣ̬ȷǳĲõҲûһ˿ǿӲ˼
Īԣͷ˵λǰǸˣΪ΢ʶǳҲ֪λǰ⣬ܷ𣬵֪ģһ֪޲ԣ
˼̬ȲĪӵȻҲʧ񣬵¾΢ЦŻش
Ҳʲô£ֻǼϼһģͻ˸ġҶλѺųóֻ֮Ǿʱ飬ʱ飬λյϰһ֮˾ʹ˸ģ뿴˭ø׼һЩղѾ·˿ˣʤСǵղԶԶģѺյѾСѿˣС֤һ£ǿ׼׼ĪӵĻشλ̽ԭ˵һ¡
ߵĻĪӵһЩȤ֮ҲǴҹΪͬģ֮Īǰ֮󣬻û˵˶֮
˵֮λʱֱ𿪿ˣƶղŹ۲ˣպǸֻ࣬ǵǷ֮
λĻĪ̵ͷĴ𰸱ʾ˿϶
ĪӵͷλһЦĿƳһһߣȻ˵Σյѣ֮һߣͿʲô֮ʤһɣ
˵֮ٴתͷЩĳĶĪ˵ƶ֮ӰΣպע⣬޵ֻзҪǵҲҪ


һʮ ֵ
⻰ʲô˼ĪǰλĻ΢Щ㵣ôԷ˼ԼùԼв㣬ʲô캦飬˱Ӧһ㣿
ҲȴӦҲһģҲơţΨС˵
ĪӲ˵Լĵжôƽﴦƻʲôģ÷̵֮£ĪҲõΪΪ֧ĵ
οΪʳĵ٣ٲҪնħػһԼûʲô£˲ٵ£ƶӦ䵽Լϣôö񱨰ɣ
ǰһλǰȻ˵ĻһǿЩʲôԷȻ֮ͨҲضǿѨ硣
ǰһ£ǰɷ˵һЩɢ޳׸ʦУʴûʲô֮£ƽҲаʰһЩħֵСƾ٣ǰָܷд֮޴㣡ĪӸɴԼ˳
λԱЩĪӵĻ΢΢Щ⣬رԱߵЩߣԭղ˵ĻǰˣȻΪʲƷȷʵһ㣬ĪԣȴƺĻ̫ͬ
һλĵߣʱҲϸϸĴĪӣȻλ˵ǷǿˣҹλСü㣬Ǽ֮
С֣еĹ֮һֱʱʱģ˵д©֮СѲҪϣտʼкĪӹλߣʱҲԴǸ˵
˼˵ɣλϸĪӣԼŹ֮ҲԼ֪Լ£ȷżһЩ©ڽЩΪϵľѾٻˣ֮ǰĪԼҲˣȷΣգǾ˵Լûп
ڱĪӸղ˵֮ʱıҲαϸ˿
ĪҲ󷽷վԼͷ
֮ĪҲǳĺ棬Ȼս֮ô֮ȴǲ˵ˣɢ֮Уܹѧ˱Ƚ١
ĪҲһ˵˵̥֮ŷǳͨҲ֪Ǽ١
λϸĪһȻͻȻ΢΢һЦĪ˵ƶЩϸˣȻһЩϸڣЩԩСˡ
֪֮Ҳô飡Ļλ֮յҲ̻һ䡣
ԣĿƳһۣȻĵĿڵֻ˵ҿ©һЩϸڣʱ˵ҿˣղλСѵĴ𰸣Ѿ˵֮ǰۿ޴λСѵȷովһνѡ
ǰָ㣡ĪӶλһ˵
ղЩСѣǸղƶһЩͺС˵һСѾд̶֮Ǿȫſںԣطϡ΢Ц˵
Ҹղϸ۲죬СһεĽѣȷСѱ⣬ܵһЩǣ˷ֵһЩѣ
ǣ˷ֵѣĪԣ΢΢Щ㶡
ƶбӰΣûһĶˣҲڴĺˣºˣҲ£Ҳп¡һ㣬ǵһ챨Ӧͷܹ˰㣬ͿͨһЩеһЩѣСѿһ룬֮УкĽѣͬʱķģ͵һϯ˵֮ͱտڲٶԡ
Īϸл룬϶Լصģ˸ĸʦ֮⣬ǾֻհסܲԬˣ֮УĪʶɵĶ󣬾λԬ
ԬԼй֮ȴܣλǣҲͬǳأпԼæֵѵģʮа˾ɡ
Īվ˼λ߻һҲûдĪӣղλ°עŵǰϡ
ʱ֮Ī̧ͷλһ񣬸ллǰ󣬷ʱ仹ڹ
ƶղЩԩ㣬Щ㣬ҲǶˣλ˵
ĪٴһȻ׼תȥλĿУ֪Լùԭ򣬵Īȴû׷Ĵ㣬ԭǷԬǷݾ֮ξ͵˽˰ɡ
ԼùѾɢˣӦҲٵùˣȻߣûбҪȥ׷ˣֻպԼҪһ۶ˣƵ顣
Ī׼뿪λʼкĪӵߣȴһεĽסĪӡ
СС֮ǰ˷ֵѣԼվһ԰Сѳ֪СѿԸһ¡
Īͣס˽ŲͷһۣԷһüĿӣȴ΢һЩ裬ȻشлǰˣˣԷ֮ǰжֵѣǳˣӴ֮壬Ҳòű
ĪӵĻ߰ߵļˣʱȫתͷЦſĪӡ
СǸոɣҵȼˣǳס⾵֮еɢޣСƷƣСС;ΪɼԽǲԸҵȽһǸղ߿ڣֱӶĪӷ롣
ǰ⼸λ΢Цı飬Īﻹ֪Լղŵı֣ƺ⼸λǰ˵ϿɣԸԼʶһ£˵ЯһԼĺ󱲡
λǰЯȻ֮ãĪ̻ش
ãѵüСӢţѺյѣСѾʶˣλŵѣó֮С빺һЩҩλŷѣ֮Ϻ裬պʽĪӽһڳˣĪҲһһǰ
ĪЩһһ֮ʱԶڲƽ֮ڣһǱӰһ֮СĵӴܣʱʱͷȥ
ϼһҪˣܲģѶˣǱиתͶ̥Ļᣡ
ǱӰûͣٶȱøˣƽһƽҪ˦˺ܲס
ĪһϳǰǱӰԬԬ
⣬ҵСͨˣôûãҵѾ޽ӳȥˣΪλǽ˲һӴܣԬвϵš
꾳õСͨ廨ţֹЧĶУԬõСͨΪˣȻЩߣһܹ֮ԼһʱˣתƵһ˵ϣǺ˻ǶˣɶԷԼֵ
ԬȻ֮ߵΪԽߣΣԼ֮ҲӦ뿪Ԭ֪ǵǼ£ѾԼͷˣ£Ҳ϶Լĵȴ֣ĵûá
Ԭ֪ԼĽ̫󣬻Լѡļ޽Ŀ⣬ĸԼСͨڶʱ֮ڣûа취ʹˣֻԼܹסһŵԼҵһ޽ӶܹʹСͨΪֹ


һʮ ǰЯ
СӦǸɣ֪˵֮ţкθ룿λյĿһתǰ̣һ߶ߵĪʵ
ս뾵ģţ˲ټʶĵطȻΪȽϵ֮ͣڣȫΪĪӻش
ĪӵĻλյ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵СѲţպȥĵطˣСѾͻ֣ᷢ羵ĳУʵܶڵݸҲ඼ˡ
γĻûмʶĪԣ˵ͷص
ҵȼˣǳ⾵֮еɢޣҲ˵ĵѣܹȴ޼λյ߼˵˵΢ͣһ£תͷĪһʵСѿ֪ΪΣ
Է⣬Ī˼⼸λΪͣȴ˵Լɢ޳ۣȺ֣ӦöǴˣ⼸λǰķ۰ɣ
ûеĪӿڣԱλ֮ǰ㿪˵кκʵģ޷Щŵӣг̵òźҵȽЩ˵ɢޣг֮һЩüбĿ벻һ֪֮ҲԸ佻ȻܹĵѾˣ
ѱĪСѣϣʵҪģֻһΪΪصĵյѾȻ̨Ҿֱ˵ˡյ߿һλյȻĪ˵
Īԣһ֪ǰҪ׼һԼˡ
СҲɢ޳Ҳ֪ɢ֮࣬ȱԴʦ̵׾·ԺܶɢޣȫطصʵҲϾǿ翵ĵױץס׷ǿ󣬱ʵҲΪΪ֧ܹ֧֮γ;յһ߿Īһ˵Īӣǿûдܹ֧ͨһ;
˵꣬ͻȻſ߲֮ʰ쵵ɫǳĺÿΧҲĿģĪӸ˫ֱֱ֮
ֻλ֮Ƭ߲ʰ쵵ɫɫѸٵķֿ˸΢۵зĲʵа쵵ͻɽʯľĺȵȣЩ֮УҶһ㣬ĪӻܹĿ޲ʳ֣ϸ֮ľ
⣬ǰֶΣĪ̾Է¶һֶΣȫʲôǶϸ΢ĲֶΣҪʩºܶԷֻҪһʩչѾˡ
¶һ֣λ߻һۣλеһλЦ˵ȻѶ¶һ֣ʱ䣬λûһ۵ռĪСѣһһ۵Σ
һ˵ţǰϣ˲䣬ǰⷽһݺύһ⣬Īʱŷ֣⿴ƽƽ̣ԭҲһ㶼򵥡
жв㣬СѿԽʶ֮̽Уǻһط۵λ߶Ī˵һ䣬Ȼ㽫ʶ̽뵽֮УΧλҲˣĪҲʶ̽롣
ʶһ֮УĪ̷Լ·һƬأһɽ壬ΧɽͷƮǼλ߾ԼߣҲͬվһɽ֮ϡ
СĪҪţһҵȳƬÿռ֮۵ʲôֶΣڴ˴ʩչһЩվĪһɽϵĪӽһ䡣
ǾͼղŵĻ⣬ղǼֻǶƿضѣԳƵСٿ߶˵ͷȻһ֮䣬˵ߣղеЩ΢۾³ֻ֣һȴС
һָֻ֣ڿлһȻ·Щ֮УһֻûͻڣͼֻͻͷХһȻ֮תʵͷ·ͻһ㣬øʵˣûЩľ֮УЩľҲ·ǳĴһʵʸС
ֶˣֻǵ̫ߣ컯ֶΣʵǵҳ֪жȣһռȻһʱƣȱһɣλղߣһǿڣֻһӣΧЩʧֻ¸ղźߴĵǼ֮
ţĪӾͿֻͻȻ֮俪ʼСͷ·һ㣬ܿ쾹Ȼһֻ׻ĪӵĸоȻ·ӱˣôһʵĸо
ˣˣ˵桭ʱҲͬʩչֶΡ
ĪӶվ￴ÿһ߷׷ʩչԼֶΣ˵ʩչֶΣʵҲһֽ˴˵ķʽԼĵ뵽Щֶ֮УͨЩֶεãܽԼĵ
ַʽҲɢ޳߱Ƚϲķʽɢ޳ߣȱʦĽ̵տʼʱ˲·ΪĵʦҲ߹ǣɢ⣬ܹԱֶΣڲ֪֮䣬ͻƫһЩܹʱ߻;Щֻܽľ;ԽԽԶ
λǰ©һֵ֣ĪӵʱĪҲû¶ӣڵ⣬ܲû⼸λôĪҲԼģڴƬÿռ֮УҪʲôֶΣ޹غ˵ΪһͿԡ
ԭλ߶Īӣû̫ڴĪչʾԼ֮üλҲǰһĸоĪˮľ֮ϵ裬Ǽʿ֮ȻΪҲȷС
һ۵֮󣬼λ߶ĪȥС֮ģ֪ȻڲǣҲһܹĶЯ֮⣬ĪӲ֮еţһЩҪء
⼸λǰĿУĪҲȷǻǳͱ˵λǰĿУĪӵ֪һܹһھСͨķ˵Ҳ򵥣֣á
ԱȣƽȥƿСͨϰϸ΢֮ƣ⣬˵гһգСͨǰǸС֣ľͿõˡ
⣬ĪҲ⿪һʣǾ磬Ϊʲôûռȫһԭ򣬲Ϊᴫһԭ򣬻иεԭǾѪС
֮˲ɻ֮£Ǿߣ»е£ҲãΪΪԽߣѪоԽѡ
һ׳ȡ壬塢ˮγ㶦֮ƣܴһԭ򣬾ơ
壬˳أҲкܴһԭ򣬾ʵ̫ٵԭ
߱УΪ˱֤ѪУȴҲе嶼Ϊߣڰټ֮ѧĳ֣ܺõֲһ㡣
֪̫صϢĪӣȴͻȻðһͷ
ټ֮ѧ᲻ҲЩרŸģ


һʮ ʴȷ
Īھͣʱ䣬ʱ֮УͣʱĵطΪֹѾˣĪӻЩ뿪û취˼λԸָǰˣɵӲŻԸ⼱뿪
Īӵʦ÷һǳõʦĪӴ˼ʵĻΪΪľԣĪӵΪ֮󣬸һֻԼˡ
ʱھ⼸λǰϣĪûдѧκһѧĶȴЩܹߺܶ·
Ӷ֮յĪѧ˵ĵȷж֮֮ǰԼҪǿӶ֮ĪѧһЩ˷֪ʶóŷĪ˺ܶľϣرҪעӺ
֮µջĪӾãԼڵ񾳽֮ǰӦòʲôˣͬʱ֮лõЩ֮ϼصݣҲһ֡
ھôãĪҲ֪Լ뿪ˣλǰȻԸЯԼⲢԼƤһֱϻãԼʲô˼ֲԼʦҲܽ洫Լ⼸ջԣѾǵԼߵʱ򣬼ȥ˵Ҫᷳˡ
ǿô֮£ǼλǰĪӿλǰڣҲЩңǴ⼸λǰеģȻ˶ڣǾͲҪԼܼˡ
ߵλߵԣĪӹʩ񣬡λǰлλǰָЯʵڸмγʱޣȥطλǰУ
Īֱӿżɽ˵ԼĿġ
λĪӵĻ࿴˿Ȼλ߿˵ȥطҲã⾵ݾڣֵȥĵطҪȻ˾ڣǰȥҲܹʶ˵ãϾڵĸ˲Ҳջ񡣡
ź߻һ䣬ļλҲ׷׶ԿڣĪǴУ׼ȥΪʾͬһһЩҪע
ͨʱĽӴλ߶Ī۶ǳ֮٣üλĪӵ۸һ¥֪ˣ̰ģҲһѵõƷʡ
Ī׼뿪ʱͻȻھĸϿգһɫķ֣֮ȻһϿ
˻ʮͣҵТмӣΪʳʴگ壡
˻ʮͣҵТмӣΪʳʴگ壡

һͬһݣǾʮͣΪ˻ʳĻʴδ˻֮λ
ͻȻϢø׼̧뿪ĪӽŲƶ̧ͷգ֪Ͽշ֮µĵȥĪȻϢЩš
̳˻֮λģȻʮ͡λӵ֣Īӻǰһʱ䣬ʳĻʴ֮λ׻˭ңⱻҹ㷺۵ʱĪڽֱ˵Ŀ֪ġ
λʮͲ˻֮ͽСļλˣ˵ѧİټ֮кļ֮ѧҲûʲô£ڸղѸķȴУҲǡҵТмӡ˵Ļʵûʲôĺ۵ġ
ĪߵļλߣʱҲǻ˼ۣȻһóһЩʩչĳЩԼʶ֮УЩϢȽͨϵ
λߵΪĪӾûм뿪뿴ܴܲ⼸λǰУõһεϢ
վһԵȴһᣬĪӿλ֮Уλյ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫȻļλߣ׷װĿͶ
յ˵Ŀ⣬ֿ˿ԭҪߣȴվû뿪ĪӣҲûʲôӣԼõϢ˳
յĽĪӻǾãòЩ졣
ԴӰ֮ǰսͲǾתս뿪֮˵ԨҲЩеʿˡ
ԨˣԭҪǰݵģȥˣϵʳ֮˻׼Ԩˡ
Ԩص;Уȴ⵽Ϯ֮䲻ˡ˻Ϊ˴֤ȴֻ֮ԭԨ֮⣬ʸ̳˻֮λľŻ˻ʮ꣬ԭ򣬾˵ˡ
ΪԨ飬˻ƺһγֲʣԴϴ֮һֱҽҸ˻ʵߣûɵڶηȼ
⼸գĳһȰ˵˻ʣնʴȻʣµĻ֮У˻ʾ˼ƽƽͣ̾گ顣
ȻЩϣѾѸ壬ȷʮͳΪʳĻʴǾʹŻʴ֮λѾȷˣԨڳ֣ҲѸıʵˡ
Ī߸մյĿе֪ЩϢڻʳطǸҲǸոյ֪ⷽϢ
˻һȷʴ֮λ̵ȷЩ죬ѡľȻƽƽ͡
ͨ˵ڵ֪Ϣ֮ȴû̫ķӦֻǱ˴˼һλĻʴϣպһϸ˻ʡ
ʳ񶼻ʹ֮У˻ʵ鷿ڣʱһڳ֮ǰͷ£ȫ
Ѿһһҹˣ֪ҪãֻҪڳ֮ûзһֱ
ڣڳˣˡ
㣬ȥɣϣȴϣлżĮ
ʣ븸𷣣ߵĻʹһĨ΢ɲϲɫȴصߵһͷõͳ˵
һߵͷȻǳͷ͵ײһƵ죬Ȼ˾þöû̧ͷ
ʮ֮ڳ֮ٴδ
ǺǣûҽΪʴЩС˼ڻɣǰϷϾţȽʺ˻֮λҪ˼࣬ҲӴ󣡡
֣̿ٴ̧ͷߵס
ӣȻǸոձȷΪʴʮ͡
ȥɣסӦҵ飬ϾҲҪȥˣȥúõŰɡ˻ʵٴȻûзκα仯һΣĬĬվû̧ͷһֱ˵ſڣת˳ȥ
һֱ߳ţ֮»ָ˻ʲϵٴ
ǰĲ
УĪһλǰУȻת뿪һ֮ڴΣĪӿɲϣеΣĻЩˡ
ʳʳȷȻȷһ£ҲĪӵԤϣĪڵΪ͵λʵ˵Щʵû̫ĹϵҲ̫ЩʼԼǡ
һĪӲ㶼ȥתһ飬Ϊû̫ıҪҪȥģλھľΪ˾֮⣬ʣµ;Ҳ̫࣬ûбҪһһǰȥ


һʮһ 
һÿһʵܺã̸ݣҵһ뵽ģԶǾڵľǾݾԵĺ֮أҲ֮
ڵˣѾϡĵطĪ֪ԼڵԼγյĿĵأڵľ
һ·Īʱ䣬мһЩСسǣҲͣһھ֮аյˮƽҲһЩ˽⣬ᵽݵķ
һĽӽĸǣĪѾЩ;ƵĽǸӵĸߴ󣬸ӵĻֺơ
һûгǽĸǣΪȫҪǽػھ֮Уһ£ǳǽҲʲôá
һĴ·Ī߽ΧػҲƾľӣĪȴ֪Լһһܶڼ֮УһеĸԴԼͷ֮ϡ
ϿգһƬϡƲ㣬˿ڵס⣬֮õĵ׺ͬʱҲͷƬձøˡ
Ī̧ͷĿתգϸƲ֮з·Ѱʲô
ĪѰҵģǾڵפأûפڵλãȻھ֮УȴڴϣƯϡ
˺һʱ䣬Īӿ֮ͻȻӰһ£һӰͻأĴһƬƶ֮дŴطҲΪӰĳ֣ĪԼ俴˾ڵפһ޴ģ·ڱϿյľӣǾڵפء
ھ澵֮У׼ȷ˵澵̵С֮С
ɾ磬ȻǾڣȻѾ֪˾פأһɱȼľУۿ˵ƾȫ
渲Ͽյɾ˵һƷɱһС磬ڵĸǿ֮⣬Ѱڶɽأ뾵еС磬ƬС磬һƬɾһĸء
ĪջյĿ⣬Ȼ̧߽ǰľС
֮ǰľѾͨ˴ˣȻΪֻ֮ϾҲΪڵľĿԳƵһʿĳС
Ī߽һ߳Щ֮еĺӣûκһͨˣȻ˾Ӷ࣬ʿҲڽϲټżܹλ񾳽ʿЩϵķΣ඼Ǿµġ
Щסھ֮еľڵӣµӣҲԽΪŵӣǶûڹ涨ʱȴûзԵ֮ɹ±ǽĵӣһЩǴЩ©֮ͨĵӣʿܱȲϾڵʽӣ˵д֮ԶⲿˣҲûз
УдΪ߷ĵ̣һ֣ǾھӪģΪе߷񣬱ҲһȡԴ
кܶСŻǶ˳פھУøԴǮЩ֮йྵڵĶǾƵľ෨෨ϣ޳ҡ
֮ĪߵĽŲΪǣԾľͻһҪħ
ߴȻУڶȴǳᣬŵ··߹ĪĲǸֽǶڵݵۡ
ζʣδ壬ʶ򻯣δȻʼȻ·һѧãĪ洫Ķǰټҵľ֮ԣǵ
ĪվԭţⱾݣĪԼҲǡ̫ؾݣ̫͡ʼһⱾҲ̫ص佲Ĵɲᣬµģ̫λУ̫׵֮⣬ʣµλûд¾䣬ò˵Ҳһź
Ϊ̫صĵմţ̫ؾǱѧϰĸܵڵӰ֮У˶ѧⱾеݣ䵱ֵ֮ͯ䣬ǴŵӰ
Լ̤뾵ݿʼһ·Щ󣬾ڴǿȾݰʲôǶھݰյӰ죬ȴѾ뵽ĸ档
ÿÿоӣҲ־ľӣʳءеľݰնѧ̫ؾЩʶˣҲܹͨƪУѧ֮еЩͯҲѧϰ̫ؾ
ϸ΢֣֮й˿ǿȣȴϸģӰݵİգЩҹľӣۼ֮ľӣЩڸũſڵľӣһţӦþеӰĪĬĬ뵽ͬʱպ÷ηչ׳ĪпʼһЩ
Լպ÷۷չΪһţôĪϣԼзĹеš
ߴжֹͣĪҲŲ
˼֮Īתһ֣˼ҵ̣ĿɨһЩҡ
󡢷ܵɱի⼸ŵĵ̣رǵ̵ҶϣСɵľӱ־ĪһӾȤ
Ϊı־ţЩ̶ǾԼӪĵ̡
Ī߽һҵ֮У֮ڲһ۾ܹȫòƣһλڹ̨ƹ
λǰҪǳ۷һĪӽһ߹к˵ȴûʲô֮С
껹շƵĻĪӷһ䡣
ǰǸոɣǵв۷ͬʱҲշֻյķƷȴҪģɢǰǱȽóƷģԸĻǻὫƸΪƷʦЦŽ͵֪ĪǸոؽһЩ顣
ǰ빺йصĶƷʣƷõϣصһЩ֪ʶ򣬶ڱ֮򵽡ҪĻȥڵķﻹ޲빺ҩȥǰԿȤҲ˳ȥܵ꿴Ȼܺ칤ѧɵĻؿȣȴʺʹãǰʲôһʱ֮ûôǮǾͿȥɱիչǮǳĹʲôֿĶǰҲǣ߸һۣǰæһҪ˵˵꣬ĿĪӡ
ĪʱҲֻи̾ڻǻ⣬⼸ҵ̸˾ְȫһķۣƷ˲ţһҲûзŹرЩеõȴʶ®ɽĿʿܾڵ֮мҪʲôȡֶΣЩʮа˾ţյĹǻھڣֻЩԭӵбӦҲԿǡ


һʮ 
ģǰ̷緶ĪӴӼҾڵĵ߳Щֶˣ·˿ѷɫǰЩ̼ҡ
ĪԭڷУƽ֮󣬾Ҫһ㶫ʼ˼ŷ֮󣬷ЩȷƾͽܵڻƷۣĪӳں棬ó˿мַǳķ¼֮۸ҲǳЩĶ֮¾ˡ
ĪӾͼʶ̼ҵ·µǸƼһϵ׵Ķ˵Ʒķʣܹ߳ɹʵķֽ׵ļ֪ʶ
ЩܲǱƷеĻãûеĻҲԵĶͨƷʽĪµЩ֮еķҲܹЧͳɹʣҪЩȻҪһ㡣
һҵֶˣĪӵǰЧӦָһԭ̫ҪõЩΪ˷ԭ򣬾ͻΪƥĶղѡ
Ī̤ʱеͷѿջˡ
ȻһЩ̣Īȴ֪ԼЩʵҲûгʲôرֽ֮ǰڲݵʱĪҪֻʱɬȵǮʱȴˣҲǲһź
ļ̣ĪҲȥתת˳㹺һЩԸΪ֪ʶֶĸ磬ġ
ĪǱʲڿЩ֮еĶ֮Īӷ̫õĶԼһԼֲҪȥҲЩֵԼ
ǳƺ֮еÿһˣ÷ǳУԡ⣬ɾЧ޴ӵǿĪӲ²⣬޴ǰɾĽƼġ
ڽļ죬ĪھҵһסÿϾЩԭھ֮еһ̫ոʱ֮ܳԡȻʼһ
һʱ䣬ĪӲŽǴµýŲһ飬ǻкܶûȥ֮УҲźܶɢޣҲûĪӱʾ⣬ϾߵﶼǰЯ飬һͿˡ
ھɵĵ죬Īӷǳˣһξڵĸ˲
νĲʵ˵ҲûʲôǾڵĸרھнȻܴҵʡ
ЩǰˣΪ඼񾳽ϣڳвȫʦİţҲһеķʽ
ʦţڸˡԵڳĽ̵ҲҪתԼĶοձ˵򣬲תԼĶʱĳһַǰյĶٽˡ
ҪףûĶܹñöʵһѵ飬οʣûôá
㾵ڵĵӣҲʱڲ֮УסľҲǱصɢޣѵл˳ΪЩڵӵĻᣬǶڲμӲ·ǳġ
ĪӸϵطʱ򣬿һ̬ȣĽŮϲʩ죬ȴȻһһЩװƷ·мһЩСӣʺʹŮЩͬ˵ĸоһݳһݾޣ忴ȴס
Ů俴ȥĪӴһЩΪѾﵽ񾳽磬ҲǳĴ󷽣û˿¶ӡ
ڵӷǰ⡶̫ؾ˵ĲԵĵط֮ʱλָŮ̬󷽵ģڳ˸֪һ󣬾̿ʼ
ĪվڳߣŮĽ⣬ͬʱһ߲Ծĵͷڡ̫ؾĽͣŮ˵ķǳϸһЩطƳ³µĹ۵㣬ĪӾûǳڡ̫ؾܶ಻֮õ˽
ΧҲǳİŮʱȫȫעţʱʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻҲ档
ȵŮ֮һͣ٣Χ˶عȻŮŰĪڵΧɢޣ˵Ѿˣʲô⣬λнĴ©֮Ҳλָܹ
Ů˵ʱĿһֱΧɢޣΪÿһβʵĻڣЩɢԶЩصľֻһЩйо⣬ɢôꡣ
Ůһ䣬һλ񾳽ɢ޿ʳ˵һ⡣
̫ӣԴأ֮ʼҲκν⣿
λɢ޵⣬Ůû˿ԥ̿ڻشζʣδ壬ʶ򻯣򻯶ܵ
Ů䣬һһɢ޿ڣ޳ȣޱ࣬޿أţ
Īһţ˵һ⻹йо࣬ôڶǵˣŮȴǲŲæڶЩҲһ¡
һζŮĴ𰸣ĪӾò̫⣬ֻ˵Ĺȥ
һⶼ˦˳ŮһνһЩĴ𰸣ѾЩǣǿ̫Щɢ⡣
ĪӰԼŮվλãԼЩ⣬ôھǱסˣЩǣǿĴ𰸣ĪӾԼһܹݵ֮£һЩ⣬Īӻܹشġ
ΧЩɢ޷׷׵ĿڣֱŮѾ¶һЩƣ̬شЩ⣬˶һҪ۵ö࣬ķѵ񰡡
ʱĪӷŮĿ⾹Ȼ䵽ԼϣΧһЩɢޣҲͬĿ䵽ԼϣĪʱŷ֣ΧЩɢ֮УֻԼûпˡ
΢˼һ£ĪʳԼ⣬Լм⣬ѵһɽĻᣬǾ˳ʳɡ
ĪⲢεֻ꣬һЩ΢һѣŮ˼һ£͸ĪĴ𰸣ȻĽĪӲôͬĪҲûбҪͶԷΪѣԱͷԼҹˡ
Īӵͷ֮ŮһҲ֪ԼβرɹܶشЩǣǿһЩؼҲȽϺҪһЩ⣬ЩӦ
Īӵͷ֮Ůһʱֱڿն֮Ϸȥ
ΧЩɢ޼״˸Īӷ˸ɫȻ˶ղЦЦɢȥˡ
ղЦݣĪͻȻ֮ˣһģô⣬һҪŮʵģʵһأϾٵɢ޶ھ֮гפһζȥЩڵӵӣ˵ûʲôôֻ޶ˡ
˵ףһǿ²ˣʼձһȣ£ԴҶкôܹȥС
ǣûһͿģĪа


һʮ ̤Ϲ;
Īһмµʱ䣬ѵʱ䲢࣬վ֮УĪͣʱҲ͸һЩ
Ȼڲ֪֮䣬ôǮԼס֮УĪӼԼʣǧöǮԼʱĻ΢Щ⡣
ھ֮УĪѾ˿Ҫµʱˣھʱ䣬ھĪµʱ䣬ۿؽҲõ뿪ʱ
ԼʱھľĪӾʱǺܿ죬ԼûзӦһЩûͲൽ˸ߵʱ
ʱ򣬴֮лôǮҲֻʣǧöˣЩĪӻǮճģʵ΢һ֣Ͼ˷֮⣬ĪҲżһԼĿڸ֮ûϵĿ֧ǮģĪӹһԼһ¯һ¯һ׷صķ֮ࡣ
Ǹ¯¯ֻƷ¯¯ҪŪֵĻ۾̫ˣΪ¯¯Ī֮ǰջ֧һŰŪ֡
ʱ֮УĪӽԼջǷѾˣϵ裬Ѿֻһ󷨵ξ棬Ҳѧ˼󼶱󷨡
λȥĪӾʹɽΧԻ󷨻²һ󷨣ϾԻ󷨵ʵ̫СˣҲֻһԻúʾá
ƲķĪӲǮټһЩĶĪоʣôǮˣ׼뿪ĻЩǮƻҪ٣һЩûĶѾĪӵĲɹ嵥֮ˣԭǴ뿪ʱЩµġ
֪ʣµЩǮЩʵڲĻֻٳһ㶫ˣ˼Ī߳˷䣬ȥðԼĶ
棬Ī̧ͷһȻƮŵƶ䣬һĨź֮ɫ
Ҫ׼뿪ˣĪӾԼû黹٣Լźֻ¡
һ飬Լûܽ뾵ڵפȥȥһǸųɾľ磬ķ⡣
ڵפأȻñ˽ȥһЩȥҲǲܣֻЩĪһ㲻ˣҲֻźˡ
ڶźĪźԼûھһβ
ھʱУĪӵ൱һξڵӲҲһζûдȫȥˣһ⡣
ξڵӲǾ񾳽ĵӣ˲ǾڵĵӣÿһζܹĪջ񣬲ĪӾãԼܻѷɫһ㣬ҲȶԷѷɫ̫࣬Ҳôһ벼ͷ
ͷĪûʵʩɢ޲٣˾ڵ⣬ЩɢҲδûиˣȴûһѧžڵһԭ㡣
һطԣھϷǾڣĪǰһŪȫǹعǰˣ󵶵˼
ڶɢ޲ҶûоڵôƵʱ⣬ôôǶԵܹĻشЩ⣬»²̨
ȲĪһεԸǾгһգԼлΪ˽
һ֮ȴ֮𣬲ȻҲǸ˽Լڵ򣬵ڵһĥԼķʽ·Ѿ߳һĸ߶ȣܹµĸˣÿһٶԼͷϵľ֮Уڡ
ŽֶӵȺĪӽԼЩ˼ԼЩźףԼΪԼһ꾳ڵʿȺ֮кۣ΢Ը߰ˡ
תͷֵԵЩ̣Ī߽еһҵ̡
һƷĵ̣ľǾӣǳ˾֮⣬ƷҲܻӭ
Ī׼һЩƷȥ͸Լļ˺ѣĸСһ϶ǱģհǷҲ٣˼ϣϡԼһ⣬еʱ˼ںĲ㶫ôûǷ⣬ܲĪҲûǡ
һ߽ţĪӺܿͿ⣬ķǳȥ͸Сһúʡ
հ׵һǳյЩҪһЩΪҲһƷ̺ƣЧҹЩӲ࣬Ҫ߼٣հ׵鷿УӦûʡ
ĸҲһյһҪʵΪܲĪЩԥˣ֪ôЩʲôá
Īӻڵ﷢һ׶ߵף޵ӣ̻뵽ܲİս壬ĪӾܻ㲻
Ʒĵ̳ĪȥһЩӣ㾵ӻȥЩ˵ȥ
ʱ䣬ĪӾڲɹ֮жȹˣ˲ٵĶ
˰ɣûʲô©ˡһҵгĪӻһ£Լûʲô©ˣ;βɹ
磬ĪӴʱھʶһЩѵվ뿪̤Ϸ֮·
ȻóӦį˱ϾȺӵĶҪ˽һطİ취Ǻͱ˽н
ĪʱҲڱʶһЩˣܲദĻȻҪˣǴкҲǺõġ
ʱĪӾһһǰȥݷЩڱʶˣǴǱһ֮󣬵ĪӻصԼסʱѾˡ
̧ͷգһֲΧɿԿΧŲ·裬ΪھñȽϽĹϵĪӿԿһЩ̬ȵŮշ裬ƮƮȻӡ
ľĪڽ뾵ݵʱ䣬ܹʱ죬ԿһЩڵӼһַֽգ𺳡
죬ĪӾҪ뿪ˣڿľĪлǶЩľݣȷһʺĺõطһ˾Ͳ뿪ĳ嶯
ٺãĪ˵Ͼ磬Īǰһ仰һḬ̄𡱣ϣĪӵĹ磬ʼǸССӰأƽȴļ䣬ϵĸĸˣһĵĵط
һҹʱܿȥˣڶϣ컹ʱĪӺͳео񣬶̫δ֮ӭһ쳯֮ԡ
ò˵ÿ춼ܹ֮ܳԡĪǳаȲ񾳽粻ϵĽ
ԡһγ֮֮ĪҵԼķ䣬ʰĶѾʰˣڷ֮ĪӾתžȥҪ̤Ϲ;ˡ


һʮ ·Ԭ
ͷһ۾Ī¶һĨЦ⣬Լͣʱ䣬ٻһЩۼԼ뿪֮ʱ͵ġ
ĪȥǱЩʶˣڽĪӽҪ뿪֮ʱȻǰˣʱµһ˽ǣߵʱͣҲһ˸еĵ¡
Ī뿪ķ򣬺ʱ֮ͬǰͲ㰴ԭ·أ׼ǰӾһ·ﾵ߸ȻٴνݣĩβһȻһ·ȥ׸֮󣬾Ϳԭ·ء
һ۾ͷŵɾĪתͷǰȥھݴʱ䣬ĪӸоԼջܴ󣬾ҲһЩźڶ޹ؽҪˡ
Լ֮ǰƻõ·ߣĪһ֮Ѿ뿪˾ľڣ˺Ͳڵľ߸
Ӿ߸ݣĪӲҪǰǣҲҪھ߸ͣãֻҪһ·Ųݵķ򣬺ܿ뿪߸
ھ;֮ĪӶھʣµĸڲû̫Ȥˣʱ㹻ĻĪȥԼʱ䲢̫ԣԻˣЩطԷŵԼһʱȥҪԼһڴС
ھ߸һСسͣЪһҹȵڶʱĪӾ뿪˽ݣ½뵽˲ݾڡ
ӭݵĵӦڲݵĩβҶ֮ҲǲΨһһ罭ĸǡ
ݵڣӭ֣Ҳɴ˶
ĪӴӾݾ߸ݣĵطӭոսӭãĪӾͻȻͣס˽ŲĪӸӦԼǰԶƺڷһսҹƲСӦһ񾳽ʿĽս
ҪǣһԼӴܣƺܿͻᷢԼ
Ī΢΢üͷھʱѾԼԼϵĽѾȫɢȥĪӶҪΪԼֵùˡ
ľ
ٵߵ·ֲï֮Ī˫ӡľԼκϢȥ
·սĪȫУܵκεǣ
ĪԼκϢ󲻾ãͿһѪһֱ۵ӰԼ֮С
ףӰĪʶľ;÷ǳϤȵϸ֮Īӷ֣λȻԬ
λԬڱ׷ɱĪﲻɵЩӣ˵֪Ϊֵһֽ֮ǰԬ׷ɱĪһ˵Լ취֪֮ĪӲ׷ֵ˵⣬֮ǰǷµ飬Ҳǵˡ
ϸ˵ĻԼҲǱԷһѣλԬƷĪЩ̫ˡ
ˣܲģ־ܣܸתĻᣬɢԶ׷ɱԬˣѾ˹֮ľѾܽˡ
ĪĬĬһ£˵ԬûֶεĻºܿͻᱻ׷ϡ
ͷĪӾͿԶӰٶԦŷУһڴϿٵıܣǽɣٶȾȻڿ˸졣
񾳽ʿһȻޣ׷ɱԬˣĪֻΪԬĬˡ
Ԭθͣ£Ѿˣһֱ۶ˣҪһǳѵ¡
ôѾһν˼޽ӳȥˣΪʲôôͷԬһɾУԼһοڽˣֲʣֱҲȻԸ
ƽ׷ɱʼԬѾ˻ղſСĶ˺ܾãҵһ˵Ķڳɹʩ֮Ԭڴƽ룬˸ڵһӭ
ԭĴ㣬Ǵ뾵ݣȻǰܻھڵĵ̣Լܹȫһɡ
û뵽ոսӭԬٴδͷһԼĳңȻ񾳽ĸֶϣȻһ·׷ֹ
ۼԽ׷ԽԬѾ֪Լܲˣֻͣ˽Ųʣµһֻһӣһзɳֱӷ׷ʿ

һײʿǰһƣǵ⵲סâɢ֮аһ齣
ɳ𣡡
Ԭʣµֻһӡٵʩչһ
ɲǼ䣬ΧһƬһƬɳۣ˾ȥ
Ԭʩչڿе񾳽ʿ΢΢ܣ˿㲻ܣϵƤһɫĹâٶȷɿԬ˹ȥ
ۼ޳˹ԬٴһԼĴһʯӴ֮зɳȻ˹ȥ
ʯ֮Ȼһͨʯͷһ״ʯ
ʯȻǲܣɫĹâһ˲ȴ·øӺˡ
ɽȭһȭǰҳɫĹâ˲һ붼ۼȭͷ֮ϣӲĺǿʯһζײǿʯҷɣҲ˼
ʱڿе񾳽ʿҲ˹һƬˮĻǵµľˣݺݵԬ䣬ͬʱһ齣Ҳһն䡣
Щ£ԬһӸԵֵҪͬʱӦ˵ĹƣõʱӦҲǶ֣οڡ
òλ񾳽ʿĹλ޾Ѿ嵽˽ǰ
ƸɫĹâλ޸ףǺݺݵһĳ
ƿƣɱ
һĳڿдһεˣԬֻüǰٲòͱһε˻ˣǰķûֵܹס˵ͱֱ飬ʣؿڣ˴˳ȥ
ԬҲȷǿԼɳȥȻһŤȻ˳ƾȻٴˡ
ܣ£λޱһŲݺڵһ̤ط·ҲζһߵĪӣоԼ´Уڵ΢΢һЩңӰ첻̫󣬲ûƵԼľߵԬֻ΢΢һٶȾȻû˿ǰȥ
޼״Ȼһһͬǰܳٴ׷ȥе񾳽ʿһۣҲ׷ȥ
ڼ뿪֮ĪӵӰڲԶ֣ղŵսҲֻǧңղĪӶЩģԼ᲻ᱻսȻ˫֣ĵûз
ԬʿѾʧĪӵ֮УûԶĪԼܹоǵϢ
ĪӾãԬƻǺˣϵƣڹѾǿ֮ĩӲ˶þͻٴα׷ϡ
֮ǰĶԹѾ֮Ƿף˰ɣԬķĪаתû˿ԥת뿪


һʮ ۴
ĪӲѪ֮ˣ෴ǰһˣ˲ʲô鶼ҪȥԵ±ԹǰһλʥԣԵ±ԹԱ£
ӾĪҲѧһ˵֪ʶڿԬʱĪһȷˣ֮ǰԼǰԬֵ˽ˡ
Ԭ֮ǰȹԼôԼֵˣԴ壬ֶƷ֮ģĪҲ׷һоȥɡ
ҲԹĪӼȣȲˣҲȣӦóܵĽˣԼǲҪȥˣ³Σܹӳ죬ǴӴҲĪӵ¡
Ī뿪˸ղŵսΧ֮Ҳûмʲôһ·ǳƽӭĸǡ
ӭĸǷǳ˼ΪӭĵԸʵҲΪߣֻһȷȷʵʵ߸ǣҲһ˼顣
Īӽ븮֮У׸ԼƽͬӭģȻйأȴ촬
ӭҲСţֱռСŶóƴķǷеķۣˮĴ󴬣ǶܹƣҸмֶ۵Ĵֻ֮֮ྺ
ҲֻھĹϵСžȻһַչԽԽõƣ䲻Ϸָ⣬Ȼ⣬ʹǵĴֻ֮ѾܱˣδܹԾĹϵھйͬôδСţ˵жķչǰǱסвӦûһ顣
ĪӶСŵദģʽǷǳ͵ģСţ˴֮以޲ߣøԲϵĽŸеؽ
ĪӲ׼ӭ֮ͣʱҲûôϣѵӭÿŶ۵ЩֻǮʵĻĪҲһҡ
Ī֮г۷ֻĵطȴЩķ֣쾹ȻŽգһ˶ûУΧҲ˽ֹǿд룬Ȼûˡ
Ī׼뿪ʱԱһ̵ĻóĪ˵λǰҪ෨ɣǵ̿ɣǵ̵Ĵ෨ҲǴ鴬ڶģ
ĪӿǻһۣȻʵǸ֮ǰ鴬ѾרŶһҷĴֻصȡôˣ
Ȼǳ鴬ڵ˲ڣһ⣬ĪҲں˵ӶԷĿдһ£鴬ڵ̵˶ȥʲôطˡ
ǻĪӵĻ̸һĨʧ֮ɫȻشǻ治ɣ鴬ڵˣӦö򽭱ߣ˵֮һλóƴϣԪѾҪͷˣ֮ǰ㾡ȫһҴ󴬣Ǳ׼ˮǰҪȡԼƵĴֻȡˣпյĻǿȥǱ߿֣ҴӦûûˮ
ƵĻĪӵͷʾ˸лȻ򽭷ȥûΣյĿ֣ôܹ
úĪ򽭱ߣԶԶľͿһȺӰΧڽһڽϣһǧ׳ĴƯڽߣ΢΢ɢɫ⡣
ĪȺ֮ĿɨһȺеˣĿͶ˽ϵҴ󴬣ûκһ˵
龰ĪҲĿͶ˹ȥɢĴ󴬡
⣬һƷĴ󴬣һҴֵԲƣŽϵҴ󴬣Īһ۾ͿһƷĴ󴬣м̫жϣΪ񾳽ǿߵƷӵоŵȫϡ棬ƳĴ󴬣Ҳһпܵ顣
֮ˣΪ꾳磬ԪͿԴﵽ꣬Ϊﵽ񾳽磬Ԫ꣬ٷһЩܹԪǵҩǻټԪӳһЩ
һλó촬񾳽糤ϣһԪľͷƴϵԲС
ĻλϵƷֻĴֻ㲻Ǿޡ
ĪӺܿͿˣڽҴϣһݲϵߣҫ⣬ڲϵڴϸæµţ˵Ŀ⣬ҲǼλߵϡ
λԪ񾳽糤ˣҴ󴬣ԷƺڽһļѵҪԪߵͷǰҴ󴬼ΣͷĪҲǰһܹۼһҷ󴬵ĵҲһľ
߾ĵһƬ˶ŴǸߵĶûκ˿˵ʵһЩͷģҲԼĵ뿪
ʱôһһȻţĪڽվʱ̫֮ѾбۿҹĻٵʱԽԽڣϵͣɫ֮΢΢Щ
ţҴ֮ϵͻȻޱҫۣǹߵбΧһоﶼճһƬɫ֮еĽˮҲһ̱ӳĵһƬε͸棬ԼܹеЩˮ
ɹ𣿡ĪӺͽЩغ˺ܾõˣҲЩ˫Ŀǿ֮и壬Ҷ̲סųʶʶȥ̽Ҵ
ĪʶӴҴ󴬣̸оһҴ󴬵ѹȸУûа취Īӵĸо
ɹˣһҷĴ󴬣ĪһߵˣҲоҴ󴬵Ʒɹıϼ
ҫ۵ܿˣ֮󣬸ղҴ΢΢һ仯ƺһЩͬˮ·ǳƯ
ĪӸոҪջʶͻȻʶ֮е첻â𣬽ţĪӸоԼʶƺ˴˴֮еһ㱦ǷķвŻеĽơ
Īӵʶʶ֮첻£ٵĴǵɨĪӻ壬ȻԼʶͱ˳Ȼһ󿪻Ц
ϷɹˣԽ鴬ڣֶһַֻ֮Ϸ飬ˣ
ȻԴϵ񾳽ߣĪĻ֮ߵĿУ̶һĨ塣
ֲһ񾳽ó촬ʿһƷˮ֮ǰȻֻһĴֻԭԷȻƳ³£Լһַֻļ֮ʰǰۣһѾ֮ķ
ɹˣһŷֻ֮鴬ࡣ
񾳽ߺ仰֮ϴЦݣȻ˴ϣϵϢɢһ룬֮еҲʼϵɢܿͱֻʣһʣ飬Ȼʧڤ
ڤ֮Ӧûڤ֮еӦûܿͶ̥޵ߣֻҪûд񣬺ܿͻֻܵصĸ٣ֻȴûгΪ޵Ļᡣ
ĪӿߵʬرǶԷϵЦݣã֮ǰӦǵõˡ


һʮ Ц
ĪӼǵǰҵУһΪ֪ĻŵϦӡ
ʲôÿ߿ܶԼͬ⣬ûܹһ׼Ĵ𰸣ָܶ飬⣬öԴһۡ
λ񾳽ĳһĨЦݣĪԸţǵõˣǷݵóԸУ׷ĵ
λ鴬ڵĳ֮󣬽鴬ڵĵǰλϵʬȻҴ뿪˽ߡ
Χ˿ûֿɿˣһҲ׷뿪˶ţµķĴ󴬣ܣҲһЩ˸̾λ񾳽ĳϣ꣬һԪͷһΪɢվҲһתͶ̥³
ܹתͶ̥˵Ѿǳˣߣɢޣгһ˲⣬ȴǵ³ܿ𣬸ûתͶ̥Ļᡣ
Īû뿪ǣȥ԰ǱߣΪ鴬λϵߵĴֻȫʾأ԰Ǹ鴬ڶоһҲˡ
һҹȥĪڳеķ֮УٴƷݵʱȴӷƵĿһϢ
鴬ڵĺγϣдӽϷɹĸִһϢ˵Գ֪γ֮Ҳҹˡ˵λϻֻ꣬ȫԷû뵽ȴϧһˣһҲ֮ȥˣ˵֮󣬽ӹĪӵݸһöǮȻһϲ뿪ˡ
뿪ĻƣĪ΢΢Щпû뵽ֻûƸԼһӭһЩȴ֪ϢҲǸдĶࡣ
ټλʬЦݣĪԼ֮·򣬾Լλϣʶͼ֮ڣ»һò
ֻһΣĪȴû̫ҪǷǳеչԼ֦ҶƬԼĻǵޱˮ򣬻ͷֻʣȼŵǹ⣬ʱƺȤˡ
ܸоˮˢԼɣϵ֮£·һƬޣĶƺײ
ĪҲǿԼĸϵɵ̽ʲô˵ǾϲҪøߣȥߴ죬ֻеܴ˿̵ҳƬ֮С
ûпȥĪӵȴȻڻĳ֦ҲһƬƬҶԵø
֪˶ãĪӵʶͼعԼڷǰλ뿪ĻƣĽŲԼܹһֻ˲Ϣ֮ѡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Īӵȴ׳һЩȻܹ񾳽Ȼв࣬ҲٴνΪǰƽ˲١
ɵǳĪǰǲ֪Ҿ֮еĵһ䣬вɵ仰ȻϸֳһĨЦݡ
Ϊϵߣڵ򲻶ϵľǰıأҲھһЩ
ֻϧǰѧĹģڹ˵ǻۣҶֻǵ˼ȥĪǰûжٵҾ䣬ҲֻǵЩ˶ϤֻƬ
ڷ֮ƷһʣĪӷӭĳӣƺû׸Ǽҷ֮ʳҵӵպãȻĶҲ൱ζܹ黹ǲ˵
ĪӸ׼뿪Ҫ߳ʱӭʿĪӽŲ΢΢һ¡
ˣ񾳽ʿһޣ֮ǰ׷ɱԬǼˣ˽뷹꣬һһ̸Цƺǳ
дǴģ治֪θлλѣ
ЩС°ˣ˽˲һ֪֮Ѳؿ

˴˲ʱĪ˵̸ݴžͿжϣλԬջûܹ룬˵ϡ
߳꣬ĪӻͷһۣȻҡҡͷ顣
ʱһתֹȥһ죬ϿĴ󴬣һοʼͨУĪӾ˽ߣһҴ󴬣ǰ˽档
֮ǰ˿罭ţһܹĴ󴬣ֹķʽĪǶˡ
վһҴϣĪӿŴµĽˮܹĸоĵС
ͨ󴬹ָоһ㶼ƽȣ;ϵˮײףȻ֪²ʲô£ǸĪӵĸоɲǺܺãǴһֻˮܹ󴬣ǿһˣնҪˡ
յִ氶ߵʱĪӸһ´´ʱĪӿһ۴󴬵ĵײȴֲŴ󴬵Щʿڴ󴬵ײΧæµš
ʶһɨĪͻȻ֮üëΪ֣ڴ󴬵ĵײȻһЩĴ̣滹ŵ˿вˮıЩϡ
Щˮǿ̹ţȴûȥЩϵʿһһ׽
ɨһۣĪӾͼǰȥ鲢ôϡ棬ֻǲݴֻЩʿһЩ롣
԰߸ǣĪҲȥתһȦֺӶĸǲû̫ûʲô۵ĶĪӱ뿪˸ǣ̤Ϲ;
ӭһĸǣзֽΪ֮ڣһֳ򽭵֧һǳϸС˹ɣֻھʣڰյĹȵ⣬ʣµ֧ն˲ݣݸڡ
ӽһӭֽڣĪȥһʱ䣬·ϻûͣ
ӭڣ￪ʼһֱֽ׸Ľ磬Ҳǿ罭֮֮ĵ·Īʱĵ·һ·ء
ڵˣڷֽĵ·ϣĪаڵ֮󣬰ԼٶȣʮңԼܻصӰء
֮ǰڻع·ĪӲûʲôȸУߵ֮ȴԾһֹƼĸо
ֽĸǻһξ룬ĪӾȿ˷ֽеһ򽭵֧֧ȱҪ٣һ֧Ҳ˲ٵɢޣڴ˴
׸֮ĪӶߵû̫ȤóԼ뿪ӭǰСֱӾ͹ȥˡ
һ·ǰǰ·ߣĪͻȻһССӰԼ˾ͣһһԼߣŲǳĻ
ϵ·ģѾģյģƺʧȥֱۡ
ССӰĪӾ÷ǳ죬㻺ӽڿԼʮҵʱĪϳӰ
ǣ
Լ˾ĺӣԬĵǡ
Īӽг֣ڼŵҲ̧ͷĪӣĪüͷߵߣͬʱʵôôˣ
ĪӵĻ̧ͷƺϳĪӣ֮΢΢һЩȻͻȻ¶һЦݣ÷ǳĪ˵ҿЦˣ
ЦݣĪҪ˵ĻͻȻ֮俨˺һҲ²һǳɾǳõЦݣǸĪӵĸоȴһ̵ıˡ


һʮ ͽ
ĪӲ֪Ǿʲô£ŻôǱ׼ȷ˵ҡ
۲ˣԭΪʱ˻磬ʱʱ̴̿ݳı˸оҲʧˣ˸ղŵǸ΢ЦȴĪӾãҲֱ˳ĸˡ
ĪǰǰһΣ֪ǳأʱ̴ݳıˣԲͨеġ
ڿǵӣĪȻ֮ģ˷ֽĸǣȸʰһ¡
ʦԬӦѾˣǼڲݣһ޿ĪݣͻӸﻹһ֮
ڷֽĿͷ֮УĪõ׼һɾ·Ȼ֮ĪӾ÷һ£û۹ӣϵ֪˶ãطѾĥˣҪһˡ
Ȼһ·ȻһȥԵ㶫Լܻ·𣿡Īӿֻʣһֵֻʵ
Ƿǳɵĵ˵ͷȻʣµһֻֿʼ·µʱĪӿ֮һǳ⻬ĶϿڣ֤ǵۣǱġ
΢ԥһ£Īջʳ˿ڡ
ǣֱô£Уʱ䵽׾ʲô
ĪӵʻҡҡͷȻһ߼ѵĴ·һ˵Ҳǵˣ
Īԣǵı飬оǲû˵ѣƺûⷽļ䣬ĪӲû٣ʵǵƽ𣿡
Īӵ⣬˼һ£Ȼ˵ͷ
֮أ֮ʲôĪӼʵ
֮ʦȥԷ˺ܾãȻһɽҾͲǵˣһ߻һ˵
˵ɽʲôطΪʲôĪȥһɽдѾµɽˣȻһȷһ¡
Ҳ֪ɽʲôطֻǵɽΧƽأ֮ҾʲôǵˣʱΧȥʦҲ֪ʦģǵɫЩ䡣
߰ɣȥԶʣµ߳Ա˵ĪԬͻȻЩͬǰˣæ˵
ΪѾ䵽磬ӦǶδʳˣʧȥһֱۣǳҪȳԵ㶫
ǰȥ¥³ԷˮѪƵʳǵ״ֵȼĶȽʺ
δԶѾܲˣڲ֮ǾֱӽĿͶĪӣе鲻Զ
ĪЦЦ˵Ͽ԰ɣһǸģ
ĪӵĻ֮ϵĿӣʼһȡ
ĪһԿţǳԷٶȲǺܿ죬Ϊֻʣһֻ֣ҲƺûϰָоԶЩŤ
ƺĪӵĿ⣬תͷ˿ĪӣȻֿ˿ԼǰһȣٴζĪ¶һЦ˵Ҳ԰ܺóԵģ
ǵЦݣȻַǳɾˬʣȴԾ˸о۵ЦĪӲɵͷȻҡҡͷ˵ЩûʲôˣרŸģ԰ɣ
ĪӵĻŵͷϵʳ
ĪѾȷ֮ǰڵɽһˮڵפɣǶݵĪ֪飬ʮа˾Ǻйء
극ĪӴǻطȥϢԼ򰲾Ŀ顣
ǣҸôңڶΪʲôԼȴƺûⷽļ䡣
ͨǿеõֻƬԼ֪һЩĪӿʼԺоܵĴ
ԼƽԬʱԬʱķӦͱµģ֮ĪӾͿʼùˡ
ԣϣ͵һɽϣû⣬ɽˮפأƽֵΣȥһƽڵɽôټǸһȷɡ
ںԬӴ֮ĪӾˮڵĵһ㵹ù¶ӦҲʱԼһĵ
ͬҲҹĪҹɫ֮ߣһȺˣʱ֪ǰĪӻöԷӢ˲
նԷнķ򣬵ʱĹһˣˮڵķȥġ
֮Լӵùսץܹǰһϣһս˵ʱĪϵĽ˱øˡ
ⳡУһĪӼµĶǹǸǸ֮ǿԨĳû飬սıеɣһƿԨձսץס
Īӵʱ뿴Ǹʱʶе첻⾹ȻзӦݸĪһϤС
ʱĪûзӦָֻоϤû뵽ʲôٺˮڷľݷָоǿҺĪڽϤĸоԼеĳЩˡ
ԣ
ϤĸоĪõǰ֮УԸоǳƣֻϤĸо
ģһӹɣʼ壬һȺ鱧ţϸ˵̫λ棬Ҳ飬ֻڴϻˡ
ʲôȥĪǿԴˡ
ԣֻӵУ鴮֮ǸӦþǷ֮ϢǣǸǿӦþʧȥƵģĻһжܹ͵ͨˡ
߽䣬ŰڴϵǣĪشĶͷϣڵһ˿עǵڣһ˲䣬Īʶ֮е첻Ϳʼ΢΢˸
Ȼڻвдķǳ΢֮ڲϵʧ屾ԴҲһֿյĸоһнľˣϿ첹ȵĻ˶ãĪ̽ڵ֮󣬳׵Ŀ϶ԼĲ롣
ջƣĪǵĿ΢һ˿֪ǵôӵģһ飬Ȼᱻ˳ȡԣҪӣһֱֻ۶ˡ
ĪӾãвΪ˾ĳԣǵ֫ʣ£Ͼ壬ϵȵϡ
һ˯˺ܾãҲ˯ķǳİȣһֱ˵ڶ磬ǲѹѹ֮ĵһۣͿڷУһһĪӡ
ӴԼĶӣȻĿôĪӡ
ĪһҹһһҪеһЩյľ
ĪʱҲڿǣ峺˫ۣĪͻȻ俪˵ԸԸΪʦΪҵĵӣ
ʦԣ΢ԥһ£Ȼ󿪿ڻش
Ԭȥ˺ԶĵطԺҲˣչ㣬ԸΪʦĪٴοʵ
ԣ΢ĬһᣬȻ´Ī˹
ǣݼʦ


һʮ 
ΪͽĪһϣϸǰղ
ǵʾӹɵģڵÿһ̶ʧȥĻҪ˶þͻȥ
ҲҲΪԭԼŻǣ򼴱ǳȡڵԣҲòɡ
˵ĪͻȻ֮ЩԬ͹е˵ĵˣӰ飬Ƕ˶Դ
ĪӲ֪Ԭڵ³Ѿܹ˵һЩˡ
ܵӰҪնɱ飬ǲԣֻǱҪӦĽˡ
ЩΪһ߶ȵĴ˵Щȫܹܵ𣬵ǶԬ񾳽ʿԣɽˣ
Թеݣ´еϵ֪һԬƲǺЩյõôǹУѽ
ǴʿͲݸɢ޵֮һߵļʶϣкܴĲ࣬ͬһ飬ΪʶĲ㣬ɢǳԿһ
ĪΪͽΪǵ֮⣬һԭ򣬾ٴμǵʱǶ¶ǸЦݣɾʣȴؿڶµûŵЦݡ
ΪЦݣǵʣĪԸΪͽպ÷۳Ҫ׳ģԼһǿ϶еģҪյӡ
ĪӲպܶĵӣϣպ÷ߵǾӢ·ߣµӿ٣ÿһܹһ棬ţɲ˴ţҲпܳΪС֮е̳
ǵʣΪԼĿɽӣ㹻ˣУ˵ڶʳĲȷһĪӵ;ˣվǰģӣҲԺвС鷳һ޵ĿǣĪӻǾе鷳
ڴ֮ǰĪӻҪһ⣬Ǿʧ⣬⣬Ǹ˶á
ĪӸΪͽȻнİ취Ԫɾ£ܹ˾Բ࣬ĪǡþһĪӵİ취ʵҲǳļ򵥣Լ첻һˮ⣡
Īʶ֮첻һǵ޲ݵеɽһЩĶݻɣˮ⣬ӵܹ֮ЧͬʱҲ߱޲ЧϾݵĵ޲Ϊ档
ͬ죬ܹܺõĽʧ⡣
ˮ⣬Ҳֻܽʧ⣬ߵԣͲˮܹûˡ

Īӳһɫˮ⽥ʱάˮ⣬Ϊ꾳ڣ˵ɸеܳ
͵ˣϵ˲һʱָܻģҪһʱ䣬ȵǼĪӶǰ˵
лʦǷǳĵ˵ͷʦĪӵĵڶ죬ҲһνĪӵˣܹоԼ˲١
ҵĵӣЩȻҲʦӦģ뿪ֽˣȵӰɽ÷ۣͲԿʼˡĪԣЦЦ˵
ˮЧ㲻Ҫ׽ʧ⣬ҪһʱƣϵʧٶѾˣԤʮң¿ʼӦò⡣
ڵԱһֻ˵ľͰԶ˺̫ԭľͰ֮е˳Ǹ˵ȱڣϵʧ
ĪĹǰѾƵľͰѾʧȥʱ޷䣬ҲҪʣµסֻҪܹ»ָƾʣΪܿͻߣʱȻܹһ
ڷ֮дָһڵĪӴǣȥ˿ͷȻ̤Ϲ;ֻһΣĪӲһ·ˣ߶һǡ
ӽ÷ҲĪһˣϳΪ÷÷ѾУȻмʱô̡
һ·ĪӵһֱһԲֻǺĪӵľһֱǳĽʼձһң΢Զһ㣬ͻϿСܸϡ
ĪһǰߣͬʱҲע⵽ϸڣȻĪûлͷĪȴһЩ飬ڵǺûаȫС
Ȼ٣ƺסĶҲ࣬Ҳͬ˽ⲻ࣬ȴɵ
֪ԼֱôûģҲ֪Լϵô£ȴ֪Լԭʦһжйء
Ƕοհ׵ļ֮УԼԭʦȥɽ֮ԼʲôǵˣǰӸʱǺԬȻͬһ£Ҳÿ춼ܼġ
ǺԼԭʦ֮ʦͽУȴܹоʦͽ֮вһЩʲôôġ
ǰԼڵʦǾãԼĹػƺûвôĶ
Ȼһ㣬ǾĪѾϳԭʦ⣬ΨһϤˡ
ΪǣĪһθ·ٶȷǳһʱȥˣû뿪ֽľڣٶȣ»Ҫʱ䣬ĪӲܹϵ罭ŴĪҲżʹƵţ;۵ʱ򣬻ҸطϢһȻ˵˵һЩ¡
Ϊǰ̵СһĪӺܿ콫Լ뵽һʦĽɫУȻʱһЩ֪ϵ⣬ĪѾʼ취ֲȻһȽḶֻ́һһ
ĪӴһ·ͣͣ;·һЩسǵʱ򣬻ͣĴתתԭԤܹ罭ţʱ䡣
˿罭֮Īִǵȥ˿·سһ£ż
ĪЩյһЧƺôûаȫˣЩĶҲкҪ̽ı顣
ǵЩ΢Сĸı䣬ĪвԵͷԼһģٻеôġ
ͨ⼸ˮƣʧٶȸˣΪȶڣûм˵ˡ
ˣҪʧƣϵ
ӦǺٽӴΧ˽ⲻ࣬һЩԼʱûм⾭ϴںܴܳΪδϵһ޴ıݣЩҲҪӡ
Īûִܵͷȣ˷·ඥ󳹴ֻͨǱĬķʽһİǣԼᾡΪʦΣȥԼĵӣպ󵽵׻ôʱһ𰸡
˿罭֮󣬽Ĺ;ԭ·ˣڴǣӦҲҪʱ䣬ܹӿڣȻصݣǸԼйеĵطˣȻԼһԲˡ


һʮ ӶС
׸һֱӿڣ֮ǰĪԤƵʱһʱ䡣
ǰϤһĻˮϼҴ󴬺Ὥӿ·СҲַͬǳľ󣬾ͻĪӼǰʱһ
վĪӵĿĿǰһУʱǱԬһ·ɵݵģȴûмݸ
ǲݸڲݵļ֧ĳ棬ֻӿĳ֮еļҴ󴬣Ჶ֮ΪȽϸߵˮͬʱһЩΪϵ͵ˮ֮УΪЩɢ޵ĪӶߵǽ͵
ĪӵĽͣص˵ͷ
Īӿһۣ˵֮еЩ󴬣׸֮еĴӿ·ЩСһΪԼƴɢޣμżҲΣշȴһٻȡԴ;ҲΪɢ޿ٻԴĻᣡ
˵֮䣬ֽһˮлֻ񾳽ˮȻӱ飬񵱳ĪӸ׸һĺ𹥻ֻ񾳽ˮвٵĴֻƷмҴֱӱ飬һЩʿֱڡ
Īһ߿źһעǵı顣
ϳһ˿ºͲ֮ɫҿĪӸˣȴʼûתͷȻעŽһС
ǵͷĪû˵ʲôϵڵı֣ʱദ˽⣬ĪǺܴһͨЩƣʲôⲻῪʣǻ
ǲǾЩ̣ĪӶʵ
̧ͷĪӣȻͷ
ȷЩ̣ʲô飬еʧҪȡʲôҪһЩĶںЩˣҪģǱҪеķաĪӼһ䣬Ȼһֱվڰߣֻ񾳽ˮһѵɢ޼֮ɵˮѪ̼䱻˸ɾȻȥЩˮµˮ
ȵεĴض飬ӿ·ҲˣһҵĴֻջ񲻴Цݣջ񲻼ѵ˱ЩѿҲһЩϴűˡ
ǿЩ˲ͬı飬ȻֻͷһĪӣʵʦҲҪ𣿡
ˣȵԺлԼﳢһ£ֻǴ￪۽磬ҪȥˡĪһ˵ţóԼҷĴֻˮУһʮ׵С
ԭƻȥʱ˳ŰߵģΪǣ·˷˲ٵʱ䣬ӰߵĻ¸ϲϽӵܵûȥĪ׼Ǵӷذɡ
ǿĪӷų˫һ£ǰʦʱŶûгӸ꣬ӱ߶ûȥˣ˴£˵ǱȽġ
ĪӹҴһߵƵƷ෨ǮͨƷ࣬ȷֵ۸
ȻһСǴҲԹ˾סõˮµĹӣҲԵ֮á
ԦСĪӴ˳£һֱſڴߣŴµĺˮϾȻ¶ЦݣȻǸоЦЩˣĪӸоЦݣΪֹ¶ıٵһЦݡ
ӴˮȻô˷ܣòҲһˮɣе˷ܣվһߵĪа뵽
Сһ·˳£ʻĹУĪʱʱľͻһЩջ
ΪθովãЩûбץסˮҲ˳һ·£;Ī̲סͷ˹ֻĪӲһţ൱Ĳ
ĴֻʻٶȵȻҪĪʱʻСٶҪö࣬˳ֱ£ٶȻǸ죬컹ûкڣĪӾѾ뿪˲ݾڣ뵽ݾڣʶѾ̽⵽ߵһЩ̡
ݵһԭĪǴԼʱ˳תһȦȴû˼ˡʱȻһЩ뵽ݾںĪȴøӹƼ֮ǰӿٶֱӸϵӸӵСһ֮󣬾ֱӰء
뵽СһӸİټѧѾѧϰˣĪҲЩ棬Сһôˡ
߶ŽµС֮󲻾ãĪڼݴӸķΧӸͷ
ҹĻѾ٣ͷ֣ȻһЩӰͷæµ
ĪӴһ̤ͷ̸оϿĿԼɨܿջˣȻȻҹĻ٣֮е飬ȻְĹעŸ֮еķ紵ݶ
ĪӶ֮һȻſˮЩǣ븮֮ѰһطͶޡ
Ҫǰסĵط𣿡ߵǣĪӿʵӦǼ֮УϤĵط
ԣȴҡҡͷشҲٻȥˣ
ǵĻشĪҲûие⣬ͬʱҲûм̸⡣
һҹʱܿ͹ȥˣڶϣ컹û֮ǰĪʹһˮ⣬ˣڽָֻ֮ĵŴŰټѧȥ
ĪٴټѧãûнţѾо˰ټѧЩı仯ԭڰټѧõ֮󣬾ѾһЩĽѾܹĸоƵ˼֮һ߽ԾŻ˽Ųѹ˵¾ŵѧӡ
ǰټѧãô̵ʱ䣬ЩѾ죡Īа̾һ䡣
ǽټѧ֮УܿаټѧõӭĪ˵֮ܿͽĪࡢĪĪӵߡ
磡
ʱ䲻Сһﶼ˲٣ڿĪ֮󣬶һ˷ܵĪӵߡ
ԭѧ֮ǴݣһЩҲڸ֮УԶһЩѧӣֻҪӣǾͿǰ뿪ˣĪԴ뿪ˣȵ֮һ£ټѧõݽ¿Σʱ׼ʱλЦŶĪ˵
лȵݽһ׼ʱǰĪҲЦŻش
СһȥʰһЩԭĪҪݷһ°ټѧõļλ൱񾳽⼸λڰټѧ֮УҲֱӸˡ
ٸ֮ǰĪӿĪĪСһ﹧ضλʩȻŸĪ뿪
һĻĪӾСһڰټѧʱ䣬ûаѧһĲˡ
Сһڳ֮󣬾ͿʼΧĪӵߣߴߴĽڰټѧѧϰľ˵ûãֿĪ߳Ĭǣ֪Ǹĵ֮ĪĪͻȻһۣȻͻȻ俴Ī˵
ǸĵӣǾʦˣ
˵仰֮Сһ￴ǵĿ˲ͿʼǻëԾĪӵ˴ա


һʮ İ
ͻȻʶԼձ˵Ȼǵʦ֮СһͶǿҵȤϵߴգǽʦ塣
СһڵͣԱǶҪСҲûʲô취ֻĿ⿴ĪӣջĪӿڡ
ˣǵʦ壬ǵͿɱ󣬽Уƽദ׽Ūǣ
ĪӵĻСһȻв⣬ǵ˵ͷʱڰټѧѧϰ뿪˼жСһƤ˲٣Ҳѧ˺ܶĶڿȷȵҪһЩ
СһǣĪȥðһЩͨĶǼ֮ãȻʹСһ׼ؼҡ
Ҽʱ䣬СһҲĵǳôһ뿪˫ףһӾǼµʱ䣬ҲرҪϿȥ
ǼԼĴͨһ·˳ֱ£ʱʱ䣬ѾܹӰصͷˡ
ӽӰؿʼȻûлȥںʻһЩֻϳĪӣһξ룬ĪĴк
Īӳȥʱ䣬˵ʱҲǺܳڿЩȴһ־ΥиС
ؽͷ֮ոӵˣкüҴͷͣŻһǽӰصģʣµεһЩسǣҲ֮ǰһˣ֮ҶúõĻؼҶȹһء
ĪӵСĪĪСһȲ˰ȻŤͷߴĪӡ
磬һ㣬һڼأǿȥɣ
СһĴߴ٣ĪӲŲæĺϰȻСſСһ˵ˣȱˣѾصӰˣҪ˶þܵҡ
ĪӳͷͷæµĿ๤ʱҲ׷ĪӴкĪҲЦŻӦ
뿪ӰؼˣͷһƬҲ仯ԭΧȽϡĽ⼸ʱУһ˲٣кüҵٴοţͨͷߵĵ·øƽ̹ˣʯ̾ͣǳļʵ·ͨй۵·ǳƣӦҲй۵ֱʡ
һ߻ӦΧкĪһӰȥΪСһＱҪؼңĪ׼Ȼºӹ壬Сһͻؼ֮ٻɽȻȥݷһհףͬʱԼ͸
ĪӴСһһ·ºӹȥǸĪӵߣĿҲڲסĴΧȻĪΪʦǽһʱ䣬ҲĪС
֮ĪӾͿǸϤĴׯһжûʲô仯һЩľÿݻƣͼ֮ǰһģһ
֮ĪĪСһ̲סѾֱܽ˴Լȥ
߰ɣҼңȺΪʦסһȵٻɽ÷ۣʱһʦ÷֮ǰ񲻾ãڻڤ֮ûзأٵȼ꣬ۼΪͽϢҪ˼Ҹ֪һĪһߣһ߶˵
ûߵſڣĪӾһԺмѾ뵽ԼԺڵĻˡ
ԼĸױСһϲȻСһĸ׵ĸȾ£ڰټѧЩʼΪϰ߶˳ĵ飬һȫӿͷȻҲͷʹޡ
߽ԼԺӣǰľͺĪԺиղŸֳĻ漸޶¡
Īվһȵĸ˿޵ĲˣڽеȱˣôûؼˣˣǸһ·ڻûԶأ
ĸ̧ͷһĪӣҲþȣȻСһˣô϶ҲˣֻǿĪߵʱĸ΢һ£ֶ֪ôһ
Ӷǣ
·յĵǣ΢ЩһܣĪӶĸ˵
յͽܰǣ⺢ӳ濡£ȽȥһҲˣôˣһܸ˵ġĸ׿˿ǣڿһ䣬Ȼȥæµˡ
ĸȥæµˣĪĪȥǵķ䣬ȥǰˡ
ںĪࡢĪһ棬ǵ̫ܣֻЩôϰߣĪӶԴּɣСһܺĿֻǶһ飬˵Ҳһ¡
СһǾڷ棬ĪԺСһڸҫǰߣʱʱЦ
Īǹһ˿ȣԺ֮УתͷһĸæµӰоرİģһּҵĸо
ϣָоģ֮⣬ֻɽ÷ˡ
ԼľǲݻǾݣҪݷطȣݵȷܶ࣬Ҫ˵ССӰˡ
ǾݵֻʵǷǳʺ֮˾סݵİȫķΧĪҲͣ˺ܾãţӦеӡ
Ѿ˺õľݣȴʼҲûиĪôĵĸоվֻ֮еһվ
ԺһĪӺܿŵ˳ƮζҲʱԺ⴫˼˵һĪɽ
Īɽƿ߽ʱ򣬾ͿԺеĪӣ̸ֳЦݡ
Ӷˣ˳ȥû°ɣ
Īɽ֮УСһ˳ĪɽһһԶŮҲˣϵϲɫ̱øŨˡ
úãˣǳˣ
һ˵Żĸ׵ķҲˣкһô׼Էһ˾ΥԲԲһϡ
ϯ䣬ĪҲԸĸһԼյĵǡ
⺢ӵֱۡĪɽһĪӴؼҵӣտǵ۵ʱ򣬲ɵĪͶȥѯʵĿ⣬ĪӵĸʱҲע⵽ǾȻûۡ
һЩ⣬õģԺǸУϵĲȱᲹϵģۻָˣȵΪһ̶ȣҲ̫Ӱ죡ĪӶŸĸ˵
ĪӵĻĪɽ˵ͷ˵⣬ĪľĪࡢĪѧУѧϰľ
ĪӽԼ֮һЩţĸһЩСһһҲ棬ȫĪӽЩסˣұʾԺ󳤴ˣҲҪȥ
Сһ⼸ڰټѧãĿǰѧϰݻǻû漰ټѧ֮ĶҲв˼ݣĪɽ򸾶ú档
ǴͷβһֱͷԷĪӵĸڷʧȥ֮ʱ⺢̫ˣһĪԺһҪúýһ߲ϵǵвˡ
һٷǳͨȻȲζݵʣĪӻǣȴԵķǳģЩԵĲһζһӵĸ飬ĪܹᵽǵԼ׾ʲôǣҲܹᵽ


һʮһ 
Թһٷ֮ĸȥʰ꣬ȻɫĪҲûԼ׼õﶼ˳
͸ĸƱĪóҼʱ򣬸ĸ֮бƵĵƹһʱ֮Ϊϲ
Īóһڵƹҫ֮£Ե÷ÿ
õĸҲȷǳϲȻⲻԹĪһǮⲻҪʲôֻҪչ˺Լơ
磬磬ǵأĪĪŸĸ˫۶ڷ̶ĪҪ
żģţǸǵԺҪúѧϰĪһ˵ţһó˸Сһ׼һģһ⡣
СһﱧĪӵа֣һڡ
һԵǿСһевһ˿ĽȴǳɵİһԣôĬĬĿš
Īע⵽ǵı飬ȻִӴ֮óһذףݸǡ
ǸذǵҸʦеʱҵĵһʱֻһƷҼƷѾûʲôˣҽ͸㣬ϣպܹ̿У
ǽӹĪеذףһĨϲ֮ɫûյҲûԼķԭĪĪյ֮ĵӣֻĽȴû뵽ԼҲܹյ
ţллʦǽذףĪ˵Ȼû¶Цݣڳļˣܹоǿĵġ
Ī»صӰ֮ĵһϣǣĪڼסһȵڶ֮ĪӳԹ緹Ŵǣ׼ɽ
˲ãĪӾѾԶƵɽɽɽڵʵʵΧɽ壬ȴ
ߵɽǰĪӻͷһ۸˵ˣɽҪΪʦУȥɽʦã˼㣬ŵ˼˵һ
ĪӵĻǰƵɽ壬ûʲôĸоֻ֪һʱ䣬ԼС
ĪӲûдֱɽȴɽ÷á
ǣ߽䲢֮УĪӿһϵȼ㣬ȻԼߵʱҪ࣬Ȼ׼ģµˣпܵľհˣϾԼ֮ǰΨһй˾
㣬Īһȼеݸǡ
ʦˣһλ·ϣһѾ£˼Ҹ֪һ˼ҾʦһˣĪ˵˵֮󣬽е뵽¯֮УȻͷʾ⡣
ǣݼʦǰȥе¯Уûô໰ֻô򵥵һ䡣
߰ɣɽǼݹ֮ĪӾʹߵõ棬һ֮䣬ɽϵһӿȻɽĵ·˳
ǣ̤Ϥɽ·ĪӸоɽϵƺԼ뿪ʱֱŨһЩ
һ·߽÷ۣĪӿǰϤһУ¶һЦݣ˵ǵˣ
ǿǰǳͨ÷ۣȻֿԼʦЦݣҲ¶һЦݡ
Ȼȥˣ󷨵ã÷۵⼸䷿ݲûʲôҳҲûʲô߳ϿԲҪɨ
÷ܹôĪҲôϤֻظǽһ÷ۺ÷
ʱˣ÷ȻԼ뿪ʱһģһΧһӫˮҲȫûҪɢļ
ΪһˮĴڣ÷ʼձһ״̬ڣϵҶҲȫûеļ
ڷ֮аԼΰ÷£ĪӾôе£Ȼ͸ͷҶ֮ķ϶գо֣̹
ǿյĪӣʵڲ֪ԼøʲôֻܻصԼҪסķпʼ
Īвûг̫ãոʵ黹һѣȾߵ¶
ʦߣҵҲѾΪͽҰݹ÷Ҳˡ
ʱʹˮƣʧѾ仹δȫָѾӰˡ
Ī֮ǰڵѾʧ˲٣ʣµѾˡĪܹƣȴ޷Щʧ㣬ЩܹԪҩֲĪܹŪõģֻͨķʽһЩ
꾳ߣӵصԪǵʣҪ̫ãܹﵽ硣
ǽеߣĪϸļһڵȻͷ˵ڿ¿ʼˣ֮ǰΪȻ˲磬һѾˣֻҪΪֻ̤һˮɵ飬ȴ㡶ľ֮ǰ繦ҲԼ
ľǶôĪھݵǶʱ䣬Ū˾ݾ֮ȻԼõļݹ֮е֮°ľ޸ģøӾڵʱĪڴﵽ֮󣬽һѹڵľ磬ǲҪֻҪڵ֮󣬼һʱѡ
ڵʱԼ֮ǰԵɺϽڵ£ͻƼ֮õĺôĪǷǳҵġ
ΪؿԼڵЩԼɢҪӵ񣬶ҸӵĴ
ɢ޺Щŵ֮Ĳ࣬ôһϸСĲۻɵģȵһҪֲͼѾˡ
ľڸǣ˽һǰϺδ޸ĵġľһϣûʲôοļֵ
ڵõĪӵĴ֮ҲԥԭʼתĪӴڸġľ
ĹҪʲôΣգԭһʿȻΪ˲ˣڤ֮ĻȴûĪӽһ¹֮󣬾ֱӽ뵽״̬
ĪӾǵԣתľϸӦϢı仯
ԭǵΪȶڣΪƻûȫָԭϢ˵ĸоЩ鸡ƺΪн͵ķա
תϵϢû鸡ĸоڵȻûһľͿʼȴ׵ĽԼΪסˡ
ĪһԿİԵͷĵǲʣʧȥԣϵ˻ûȫָһľҲܹЧò˶ãָܻΪ


һʮ ѹ
ڴǡľ֮ĪǴ÷ۣԼɽһˣѾصӰأʱȥհˡ
һ·뿪ɽĪӺܿͽӰأ뿪⼸ʱ䣬Ӱƺ˱仯е˿ƺһ㣬Ҳ˼ң·ƺ޹ΪؽҲǳ֡
հ׳ΪӰص֮ӰصһƶõķչӱǰҪù٣ԤأпǽӰֵһꡣ
һ·ãſڵڿĪ֮Ц˵Īˣڵأ
ĪԵ˵ͷһ΢ЦȻ߽֮Уܿͼհס
µʱ䣬հһοĪӣĿ´Īӣ˼ϢʱЦſڵĪһջٰΪˣϵҲӳˣ˵˵Īкβľ
ĪҲհףʱ䲻һһ㶼ûб䣬Ҳûпֱհ׵ǰȱʾһ¸л
ԼڵʱУɽǱ߶հչˣԼʦ֮е㣬СϸҲǵˡ
ȷ˲ٵļʶջ٣ʶһЩˣһЩ£ѧһЩǲСڸлհ֮ĪӾͿʼ˵Լһ˵ľ
ĪӼ򵥵һЩ£ԼսԨһսĪҲûհףᵽУǣĪӲûйἰֻ˵һ£ԼһӣʷǳĲ
ĪӵľЩüͷȻ󿪿ڵĪһ˳ȥ̶̼µʱ䣬ȷʵٰȻܹ飬Щ⡣
Ҳһ㱳ˣ飬ΪɲײУһҲֻǻԵɺϰˣĪ˵
ɲǻԵɺϣıѾõıĪֿ֪ʱ䳯֮ϣΪµĺӰ죬δƽϢհҡҡͷ˫ۿĪӣָ֮
ֱֲԣĪհ׵֪Լ֪ϢҲ˺֮ġ
Ԩսһս֮󣬻ȥ·⵽˷֪٣ʳҲҲ֮ûã˻ʾþδĻʴ֮λȷˣѡȻǲ̫õʮͣŻΪ飬˻㣬ܶ˶²⣬Ԩʧ£;ŻѲ˸ϵհǲһĽȻŶĪ˵⡣
Īʱ䣬հҲһĶӰأܹհ˵ЩģĪֻ֮ܲˣܲЩȻȴٻᷢûʲô˼ĪӻˣԨսһսհ׶ЩɻĵطҲԺĪӽһ¡
հ׵ĻĪûпڣֻǰĵȴհ׵ġ
Īӣհ׼ڵž˶ôģǾ˽⵽ϢŻʮ֮ͣĹϵߵĺܽ˻ڶ֮У˵ĸҲõġѼһЩŻ¼ЩŻƴܹµˡ
һհ׵ĻĪҲ˼ʳ飬ͷǳΣհԣе黹һѾ
ȾŻʮ͵¼ҪٵĶˣλӸոɿҵãûʲôܳĴ£ܱ˻Ϊʴ֮
հ׵Ļһ˵꣬ջ˿ĪӵĿ⣬˼ĪѾˣհǻԨϮʧٵ¿ܺѾȷΪʴйء
ʵڽĪӽԼ֮ǰհ׶Ԩʧһ£ﻹĲ²⣬ʱʱ룬Ԩʧ٣ǷǻʳʲôıϾʳȶҲĵط徳ʵڲԨΪʳӣлʳˣױʳķȸӦ
ĪӵĿУհ׵֪ԨˣôʳıĿܾͺСˣ˵ڻع֮г⡣
飬ףѾȷΪʳĻʴѾѸıˣ鱳󵽵ʲôܣһȻʱ𡣡ĪӲհ׵˼Ҳհ׶ͼλʴ飬ƺ΢һЩִ
ĪԼǣͱȷΪʴһֻ䷢չˡհ̾һȻ˵
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ĪӼǵ֮ǰĳһΣհʹԼڻʳļλ˻֮λĻУԼȽϿһλʱԼĴԨհ׵ʱҲûʲôӦòºѡֵ֧Ԩɣ
ͷĪӾԼµӦð˾Ųʮˡ
ҲϼȥˣĿǰڻʳ֮бȽϵ͵֧ԨҲԲͶ̫󣬶ֻǱһ̬ȣҲĻжʧ
δܹ˻֮λҲΪôһС£ڽ̫Ĳ޷΢ôһ£ţʲô֮١
Ȳ˵ˣλ˳һʲôصĶϣϵүҪţĪת˻⣬Լհ״˳
հ׿Īӵݸ¶һЦݣֽӹһһյµƣֻһƷĶհ˵ĲʲôصƷ󲻹ֻǴҪģҪǽģصǷ⡣
лĪˣյ£԰õ鷿֮УҹʱȱôһյƣĪַˣհЦŶĪӵͷ
صĶҲ𣬾ֻˣֲͺãˣܲأҲĪһ˵ţһ߰ѴܲҲ˳һߴİס
հ׿ȻٿԼеƣȻڵܲĪָ㿴ҪҪ£
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һ΢Щͬǣֵܲһ˲䣬ĪӾȻ΢һ˿ܲʱϸ΢仯Ȼûпܲʲôֶγֵģܹһ˿ϸ΢ı仯Ѿ֤ĪӵĽ
лĪˣҾͺˣܲǸףÿһ̻Ҳ΢һϲױֻһƷˣȻҲǺķѪܵĽÿһ඼̻һϣܲ˵һЩġ
ˣоֻ֮ǴӾݻһֵߵѣϲͺãĪӶܲЦ˵


һʮ 
ĪӴ÷ɽʱʱѾˣհ׼²ĵ΢һЩһʱ͹ȥôá
ĪӴǻصɽ÷۵ĵһ죬Լɽ֮ɽϾֻһˣĪӲ֪᲻᲻ϰߡ
ȵĪӻص÷۵ʱ򣬷ǾȻԼϣһţ˯ˡ
ҹɽ΢Ǽһ˯ƺҲ΢΢ֻǲ֪Ϊɽĺ䣬ԭ
һŵǣĪҲĽһĪһֻ̧һεĽǵȻͻ˷֮С
ڽǷŵϵʱĪӸоǵ彩Ӳһ£ȻֺܿһЩƺѹһ£û˫ۣĪҲûдţֱת߳˷䣬˳˷š
һҹʱܿȥڶһ磬컹ʱĪӾͽǣʼ˽ϵΡ
һϰߵɣҪһβ̵ʱ䣬һϰγ֮󣬴ĺôջ۵ģĪεϰʼ÷ģҲϰߴǡ
Ȼ֮һµĿҲ˵һϵĿĪӿʼڿΣ񵱳÷ÿϻĪµ֪ʶ
ԼҲʦĪӲ֪Լܲһʦǵ÷ԼĽ̵ĪӲǣҲȥ̵ǡ
ĻĪʽϿεĵһ죬ڵݷǳ򵥣ǡ׵ݣƪȻǰʦûиȫƾԼʲôʲôҳⱾ׵⣬ǾȻûжκεĵ
Ī˽⵽ǵ֮жʱףԬǵĽ̵ǲ˷ģʽ̹ǵĶ٣֮ǰܹΪֻ˵ʲ
ԼһʽΣķǳ棬Īӽÿһ仰ȫעţôһλĵӣĪҲ÷ǳ档
һʱʱܿȥϵһενˣĪԼȥһ£ߵ÷£׵ϸĿĪ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һʽΪԼͽܽΣоţĪҲ׼Ҫæµˡ
ոĪʵУһѵҪɡ
һջҪĪһʱһЩҲҪһʱ䰲÷֮УɽΧҲӦûˡ
Īڴĵһ飬ȽɽΧ󷨻ڵԻ󷨣ֻһ󷨣ȻһЩãΪһɽ˵ԻȻϸ
Īӵ۹Ի󷨣ڲ󷨵£ɵ֮н
Ȱ󷨻ɣǰԻ󷨻Դպãй۵ĸˣǿ󷨣ڰЦ˰ɣĪӿԼǰƷԽԽ׾ӡ
׼õĲóĪӱ̿ʼæµǲԭԻ󷨣󷨲˲䣬ԭɽЩ̼ɢˣ¶ɽݡ
÷ۿҲŵˣ̧ͷ˿ܿ췢ɽæµĪӣ߻÷£еĵ
󷨴һ򵥵飬οĪһβõһķ
Ī󷨵裬ҲѾǽȣһ󷨵伮ѧϰǰ׼˲ĸַϣ϶ɽĪѾϤĲˣԼҪõķҲѾأе÷ǳ˳
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µĻɽ취һͬʱ߱ԻúͷعЧ󷨣ԻõĹЧ˵֮ǰԻ󷨵棬ĹЧ˵жôǿԲٴԴֵʱ򣬱򵥵һ飬Ҳ֧ܶһ
µ󷨼ԭɽѾɢѸٵ³ֻ֣һε֮ǰøϡһЩӵĲۣȴס˹ؼλá
ɽɽϣֻϡ·ˣɽϵûˣɽϾΣһ￴ʸУϡһЩɽ˼Ʈ̵⾰ɫǰһ̨ס
Լʱõ󷨣Īиеǳ⣬󷨣벻ٱе˿ЦˣСС÷ۣǰ˵ҲһЩˣһд֮أɢ޵ʱ
ɽߵĶȻҲһЩ˲ӰôһСطйһСڵģһλĸֺλ񾳽ĸִڣ⻹Ҫܲ޸֡
ηλھӳȥһˣջСȻ֮ϵ֮࣡й۵ɽ֮УԪԶԶʶһɨ׵׷ʲô£ԱͬѾ̽Եɵһλ񾳽ĳ˵
ǰ÷۵Īɢ޳ֲС˵պһΪ񾳽ĳҲͷ˵
֮УհҲ֪ܿɽ˻ɽ󷨵£ֻЦЦû飬·ⱾȻ¡
հ׺ĪཻҲʱ䲻ˣĪҲȽϵ˽⣬ĪӵδģȥһΣ˳ɳҲհԤ֮е顣
Ϊհ׼ҳܲĪӵۣһ̨ףĪֻɢ޳ܹ֮츳δض֮Ͻհ׺Ϊѣ۽½
㶨˻ɽ󷨵飬Īֻص÷Уһֻ⼸䷿ӵ÷ۣĪͻȻ֮ãķЩˡ
һ˻ʱ˳¯¯ҪҵطãȻ󷨵ػҲܰ¶ɣҪҵط
΢˼һ£Īӿ˿÷Χܿһ
ɣڷ̫ˣ
ĪӾãԼΪͽԺӦһͽܣڵ÷ۣȵԺͽܶˣס£ᣬһЩݳ
Īȴ׼ֱӽ÷۽죬ɽ˵󲻴˵СҲСǱ÷ĵطȴֻôССһƬĵطҲʱˡ
Ҫճ̣ȴһʱҪһͷһ鳣ҪһĹ滮ϣպ󽨳ʲôģмƻĽ죬һܹ֤ۡ
ĪھݿЩĳ󷨣ܹӳãʱĪӻúоһ£ȷǺܰķĪӴѧϰһ£÷ԺĽҲ󷨵ķʽУұڱ÷۵Ļϡ


һʮ һ
Ҫ÷һЩĪڵ룬治һ׵飬ҪȺúõ׼һ£ȻʵʩҪнһ󷨣֮һЩ漰ţĪӻҪúõĿһ£صĲҲҪ׼
ĪҪһջ񣬲ЩƷϵĶԼĸһ·ţѧĶЩĸҲҪʱһһ¡
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ĪӻعͷٿԼееݣֺܶණԼܹµӦþν¹ʶ֪ˣÿ˵ĳɳܵľͿķʽ仯عͷԼǰѧĶҲͻȫͬ
һȥգ֮ؾֻʣʱˣʱ֮УĪɽ鷳Ҳǳ׵Ļع졣
̵ϣĪӾԼ൱ʡģܵ÷ڽ̵ԼʱҲĸоҪһⷴĽֻͣҪ΢ĵ㲦һ£Ǿһͨܿİףѧϰٶȷǳ졣
Īӳ˽̵ǵ֮⣬Ѿʼ̵Ƿ֪ʶ÷ڷʽͬǣĪڽ̵ǵʱϲŽһЩԼģڱ𴦿˵ľǣĪӾã̵ֽķʽӦøʺһЩ
ĪԼΪڻʱ䣬ҲһȲţϵ񾳽翿Ȼܹ񾳽ı׼ž룬ܹоԼÿĪ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
üһǰĵطˣĪ֣ǰȻȴζĽϴЦݣ˵
ǰĪʱ÷۵ĵһɹ÷۵֮ء
βû̫㣬ֻйоأռҲλ÷۵ĺɽΪ˽Īʱû¹򣬰λõѡ񣬽ϵѡãǾĪӷղʵʩġ
Īӽ֮¯ųȻǰ֮У÷۵ˡ
һª󣬼¯ҲֻƷȷЩᣬڵĪ˵ʱǹˣڽ󣬵ȵԼΪˣȻܹŪõġ
󽨺ˣĪ̾һҪһԵĳ嶯¾ȡһЩϣ׼ʲôطˣܷܲŲðɣ
Īӹ¯һƷ¯֮һȱڣԽеķΪṩԴ÷еĻĻȶҲֱ֮еĽƣ¯֮ƣ¶ڻһĲûʲô⣬ֻٶϿܻһ㡣
Īڹʱ˳Ҳ˼öֻ֣൱Ǹ¯ûбҪ˷ѡ
׼ĲͶ¯֮УĪӿʼ¯еĽƣܿ죬¯е¶ȾͿʼĪӸо֮ڵ¶Ҳ֮
ʶ۲¯֮ееЩϣ¯¶֮󣬺ܿͿʼڻγ˼μҺ壬Īӿʼ⼸Һ壬ԼҪķν졣
ھʱĪӵõ˼λǰЯָ㣬оһλǰó֮ҲλǰĪھǵһ¯ȴԼҪʲôǳɵĽơ
ĪǰȻƹīȣɵʱīʱƷһʵֱˣֻ赼򵥵ƣھõǼλǰĴڣĪڹҲҪһ
ΪõĶǼ򵥵ĲϣôĪҲûл̫˼ֱӾͽƳһ澵ӵģ
ܿ죬澵Ӿ¯֮г׵Σһ֮ĪӲûֹͣ룬ӴһЩ
λŷǰѧһСţεĵһڳ¯֮ǰӴĹӵһ߷ǳа
ڵջأĪ¯һģһʽӵ̴ͭ¯֮зɳĪӻһͽյС
ոճ¯ͭ滹ǳ̣ĪһԼƣһֻУϵһööķģ֮ͭСտʼʱЩĽ֮ͭУĪͭûκεķӦһööĲϵı룬Īе֮ͭϣһĨʽӵͭ˵ĸоò
ɹˣȻŷǰԣոճ¯ľ̽һƳ߸ӵס¶ѾȥͭĪа
֮ͭУѾһƣһˣƣķˡ
ϸķĪӶԼֵƷǱȽ⣬õĲһ㣬ƳߵȻ̫ãɢƵķƽˮƽ֮ϡ
ͭߣĪӴѧϣ֡
ϵƾˮⲻϵƣѾָĲˣһʱʱڵѾʼˣҪ˶ãΪָܹڣϵȫָ֮»ָΪֻһˮɵˡ
ȵǻָΪȿʼͭѧϰһμȻԼŪ˺ʵ񣬾ͽȵļ֮ڸǡ
뵽ȵļ֮ĪԼīҲӦһˣīȺμڽΪ֮ǰĽ׶ΣĪӶѾˡ
õ˺üеĽĪоһ£оǳ
ػʱ䣬ĿǰѾɣĻĪӴȵ֮˵ʣµʱ䣬Ī׼ԼīȽһһ¡
÷֮еֳʵѾϲˣȻǰӸʱסĵطҪǾԼһˣԼ°ݵʦԼܺãÿ춼ԼİԼ˵ӡ
صĽŲһ̤Ҳ칫ھֻʣʱ˶ëѩȻæµЩˣһѩ֮Ҳֹͣ˼æµص˼У׼ӭصĵ
ѩ죬ϴ򿪷ţӳľ󣬾һƬѩףĲһ˿ɫ
ñҪһ㣬ΧѩһƬľֿۣһĪӵķ䣬ͻȻһϸ΢Ļȣ˫΢΢һ£¶һѩ㴿ЦݣɾʣκĶ


һʮ 
һڶɽϵĪӣҲܸоӰصأƺҪһЩζøŨˡ
ȥһ꣬Ӱкܶı仯󲿷ӰصİգȹȥһЩӵñһƷӰأҲӰصһЩ˳ȥũҲȥͷ׬Ǯܻǰá
ϰǮһ֮УȻҪúõףһ£ԼûɽϲķΧܹо
һ֮ĪӼ˽ǵڿΣȻŶ˵ˣɽϺ֣Ϊʦɽȥ
ĪӵĻûʲô̫ķӦֻǷǳɵĵ˵ͷ
ǵʱʱԼӸֵܹƺܸˣҲһƬ죬ǳ֣ʼղȥΪʦ
֮˼꣬Ҳϰˣ֣ҲԺ治ȥһ죬ǵӡ֮УҲûֵ̫ûļ䡣
ĪӴɽɽ÷ʱ㡣
ʦһصˣ˼ڤӦûӺͽֻܸ˼һ㣡÷Ī˵ϴڲݴǼλĿУĪӵ֪һЩ÷Ϣ֪ԼʦڤûĪҲΪ÷ˡ
ڸ÷Ϲ֮ĪӾֱӴǣӰصسȥǰ죬سӰֵĵطôȥתת
ӰصسǣĪһ۾ͿֵȺнֵһȺɽֵˣڽֵУһܳһ״һλĿ׳ͷλãһѴ󵶲ϵĻ衣
ĪǰЩףĻֻ࣬˲Ҳ壬ӳݵЩر߹ص彫ʿټѧӣЩնħʿЩеĿǸնħĳ档
ǸĪӵߣֵȺҲĿЩеĶ飬ȻֿЩȺЩ֣ʲôûģ
ֵֹ֣ķΧȷӰ쵽ǣһоص֡
ֵߣĵѾˣǻôĵ̣ȻڿӪҵ֮ǰͻš
ǽЩûйŵĵ֮УһЩȵõʱѾץ˲ٵĶϻһЩ󲿷ֶСԣԼģһĪࡢĪġ
ǸĪӵһһ߳еĶȻϲû¶ЦݣĿȻǲöˡ
ĪУֽЩ࣬ӰеһЩ󻧷׷Űݷãùһֵʱ
Īã˶ĪЦŴк
Ī갲
λ갲ĪҲͷЦŻش˱Ƚۼ⣬Īǡ
ĪλСĪĪյĵӰɣЩصĴ󻧣ϢǱȽͨģ˵Ī֮ʱһͯĪʦ֪ĪʱһӣһμӦþˡ
ʱһӣǣϣλܹչˣĪЦŵ˵ͷǽܸǰЩˡ
˵䣬հ׺ܲҲһǰһ˽ڳ˵ע˹ȥ
λ갲հһ΢ЦŶڳ˹һ񣬷棬ԺŹӵķ緶Ҳҵһ갲
ĿɨȺĪӵʱհ˵ͷȻҲע⵽ĪߵǣٴνĿͶĪӣдһ˿ѯ֮⡣
ĪӼ״΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
Űݷõ˱Ƚ϶֮࣬һ䷿ھȻôˣհҲͲкˣֱӴЩǰݷõˣһȥһһ˵
Ϊӳ׿ͨԵʣӰذ˲٣ʶӰصأıҪһЩѾ׼˲ٵףĿһǰȥɺã
˵ǴһЩѯĿհ׵ĽŲȴûͣ£Ȼֻܸϡ
ĪӴߵǣȺ棬ʹһãڳתһȦ˲ٵĽĿ˸սʱͿνףĿһЩ֪ˣҲڽһЩطݣжһƬֵķΧ
һ·ͷ֮˽죬ͷѾû˿๤Ҷȥ׼ˣ˴Ȼвٵˣбص̼ңҲһЩõˡ
ĪЩǣﾹȻмй۵ĵӣԣһʮ׸ߣź첼ʲô
հ׻ߵǸź첼Ķ֮żй۵ĵӺЦһ񣬡λ࣡
˿ˣֻЩС¶ѣ룡Ǽй۵ĵҲһ񣬶հһơ
հץסƬ첼ƺҪ׼첼վȺĪӲѾ˺첼ʲôˣɵ΢Цҡҡͷ
ˢ
հץź첼΢΢һƬ첼ں첼֮¸ŵģһʮ׸ߵı飬֮ڱһͬʮ׳ǳ㡣
ôһ㣬ȴûжֻһͨ㣬һܹͨôҲʵѵá
صй۵ļλѰһ㣬սڳڽƣаʳãϣӰأܹ׷ǣռ࣡հߵ˵ЩĴ󻧣ԼΧֵİգȫһк
ڱ֮еĴ㣬ͱӰس֮ƣ֪صذţÿնʳãȻǳˣҲóĻֵķΧٴθǡ
հ׽עǳæµڽĪҲˣԶԶĶհ״˵һȻʹ׼뿪
뿪֮ǰĪӻһҪ
óһЩԼھݹľӣرЩܹɢľӣ·Եļ֮ϣ̳˼߸ߵľˡ
⼸ľ˵ĳ֣˳в˵ע⣬տĪʩչֶθģҲûоţµĿţ׼ĪҪʲô顣
ôЩʧֻǼľ˳֮Īֻǽ澵ӹľϣȻ֣뿪Ӱسǡ
ȵĪߺӰصİն۷׷ףҶڲ²⣬Īӹľϵļ澵ӵʲô顣
ʦΪʲôҪЩӹľϣ߳ӰسǣͻȻʵ
ûʲôأƴҶףһҾôҶһ¡ĪתͷЦŶ˵
Ŷ
ص˵ͷʲôˡ
Ī֮ȻֻΪرø֣һ˼ҲˢһˢԼĴڸС
Դй֮ȻĪӲ̫ܵӰ죬Ӱصʲô£ѰĪӰΨһѡˣ֮ʱйְհŪһ㣬Ҳٻй۵ĺãԼҪǲʲôǽӰصĴڸлĻԽԽ͡
߰ɣҲûȥˣ


һʮ ˮڸ
أӰع÷ǳ֣Īڻص֮ҲһԼļңʼһܰء
ͬһ죬Զڲݵˮȴӭ֮֡
صһ죬ˮΧ֮ڣֹκͨУʳĴˮΧ˸ˮйͨڶѪɷòԶƽ֮ʿ
ˮӦˣ֪ǵλʳĴôŨѪɷȻҪˮ𡣡һɢԴ̾˵
ǻǾȡˮڵһŹˣûһЩ֮£ˮھɢޣûٱˮڵĵǵ˴ӦˣһԵһɢ޿ˮڷЩֻ˵ĻȻΧһƬɼˮжôˡ
˿̣ˮ֮ŨѪɷԭˮڵɽ壬ֻʣ˰أɽϵĲľѾݲеĲˡ
һλϴżӢŮɽȥԸһλеĽλŮӹ˵
ˮ֮˶Ѿ£һЩ翹֮ɱʣµ˶ɽϿѹȴʣ
ãȥɣϣܴǿе֪һЩõϢϴżӢŮӵͷ˵
ɽϵʱһƬԫϱ֮УˮʣµĵӶѾץһͷɥĹš
ӢŮ̧һɨüͷͲ΢΢һ£˿ԵǸʵֻʣЩ𣿡
ŮüԱߵĽ֪ŮӶʣЩ˲⣬ΪʣµЩˮڵĵӣΪôдﵽ񾳽ֻһ
˵ͷֻӲͷƤشˮеӦǰõϢǵźͼλϣԼ֮мΪĵӶˮڣʣµЩ棬ΪȽϸǹɽ֮ʱߣոܣӭս𣬽ͱ񣬷ЩΪȽϵ͵ˮڻ
ĻشŮҲûΪֱӶ˰֣ȻĿ⿴Ⱥ֮Ǹ񾳽ˮڵĳϣĿڵ
˵ɣ
˵֪˵ʲôҸ֪ˮһ򰲷ؼʳΪνҪˮڵͳܷǵף񾳽ĳϿǰŮӷʵ
֮ǰʳԨʧһ£׺ˮкιԷһ䣬ŮҲ˿գֱӿʵ
Ԩʧ٣ˮʲô¾Ϊƾ޾ݵ飬վȻˮڵͳʳȣδЩ̫ԵһЩɣ񾳽ĳƺһȻ̧һȡ
ŮһĨ֮ɫһӣһ׹񾳽ĳϱ׹УȻ󵹷ʮףײһƵǽϣȻҵ˵ϡ
ûֳ£ˮյΪĵڴ˽кþ˵ˣҲֱѻ꣬ɢĽ֡ŵڵϣû񾳽ĳϣŮӼ˵
һΣ񾳽ĳϾͱʵˣҲû˸ղֻҪŮӽơ
һ֮󣬴񾳽ĳϿУŮӲûеõʲôõϢʣµЩ֮У˼֮ǰҹм˳ҹɫɽʱԽӴȺһˣڶһʿһӡ
ʽˣûеõԼҪĴ𰸣ΪˮҪѾ뿪ˡ
£Щ˸η䣡ղʵ
ȫ͵߹սӪΪսϴˢһǵŮӺԥ˵
˵ͷŮ÷ʽǳ⡣
뿪ˮڣŮӵȴôã鷢ʱѾȽϳˣҪ뿪ˣĿ˵һЩӣǻ֪ʲô
ʵʲô˵ˮµĵһʱͽ˵ʱץԷһЩ˿Ȼ֮Ůӻͷһֻۣʣ°صˮפأżӢһ˿ŭ
ɽΪƽأһ仰֮ŮӵӰһ׹⣬˲ڿնԶȥ
Ůȥ֮󲻾ãԭѾƽϢһЩѪɷһηӿ֮󳹵׵ƽϢֻԭƽһͻأɽ壬Ӵ֮Ͳˡ
ŮӷɹգĿ·ΪأǻһƬĳ棬һĨȻ֮ɫĽ죬һϲԵƽǽȴûյ
λӢŮӵݣ˻ʵĵڰλãʳİ˹裬ԨһĸͬãԨΪ谮ãʦţ˻ʵУΪߡ
Ԩµ죬ʵӦֻǵʱ֮Уһؼʱ̣ûа취ֻ˸ȥʳѯʡ
ܿյ˻ţ˻û˵ʲô飬ֻǸúʳһаãõġ
֮չس֪ͱΪʴԨʧٵϢ̻𼱻ǵĸϻ˻ʳʼ£½أҲֱͣӸˮڣһȴȻûκεͷ
ţͻȻ֮ͣƮ֮УȻһԱߺһͨİ֮Уһż㡣
ţŰһ仯ʾһ˵ģ
迴Űʾ˵ӣϵıԻȻôţϵ˵ӣԼֳµһλʿԼֳĸ
˹´˿Ѿˮڷˣ²֪Ƿջ񣬲ʱôãЩӦѾˣջĿԲ󡣡
ӵʧ֮ҵҲ෽Ѱңδҵӵµ䣬ҲõһЩְأַֻʽ͵µС
ɵӰ˵꣬˲ɢˣղʲôûзһĪĻһܹϳղ۳ɵ˵ӣĶݵӰ˼
еż㣬̽򿪣ٵĶһϵݡ
ԨΪʳս꣬Ų٣ھҲʧ֮˻ȻЩĬ̬Щ£ȴһֱѰԨеȥȻڻʴȷ֮һ˽ֹͣ£ʣµȻûз
ţһЩֶΣʱŬĳɹд棬аԨ֮ʱ飬ʧ֮󣬷Բ֮ڵĵѾľŻӣжԻʴ͵ĵ飬ѾΪս꣬߹սսҲеļ¼
еݶأ㻹һЩ£Լֳ£һĹ˵ġ
żеȫ꣬ȥѾ˽ˣһЩɵĵطҲһܹģɻԨڵ䡣
йصľ˶ѾһˣʣµûмˣǸݡ
Ӱص٣Īӣ


һʮ Ķ
ºӹأûгô֣ȴҪӵܰ
ķ˷ǳʢҲͬһЩף˵Ƿǳļ򵥣ȴӵӡ
ҹٵʱҵԺж˻ѣԼĻЦûҹĻٶͣЪ
Ӱس֮УԭҹĻ٣еĻĿѾĽʱ򣬱ĪӹľϵǼ澵ӣڿʼԼãɢ͵⣬ֱͬķ򣬼ӰسǶˡ
ʱӰس֮еİգĪ뿪Ӱس֮ǰľϵǼ澵ӵʲôˡ
ľھݿ˵洦ɼӰصİ˵ǿɶûϡںҹܹ֮йܹһİ顣
ǣոսõĻΪɢĹâȻһοʼˡ
֮еհϴЦݣҡҡͷ˵ĪֿǲйרǰȻķ֮󣬵ǿԺĪһ£ӰظһЩľӣԷҹѲߣ
ĪߣǰټɵѧӣΪһ̶֮󣬶ҹҹ˵ûʲôӰ죬Щ޴ڣȴûҹ
հ׾ãһЩľӰصİ˵һǸӸˣĪӵĻ˵յҸС
հʱͻȻ֮ȴɫһ䣬оӰصϿգ˴һεķ֮뵽˳С
ϣհ׺ԥϵܲͬʱһУ鷿֮еĹӡ˹
ڷ֮ļ£հ׷ָղŽˣȻ߹ˣѾſڡ
ܲˣҳȥԷ߲ƣĻעⱣеİգհ׶ͻȻߵܲ˵һ䣬ȻһŹӡ̤ſȥ
ߵõſڣհ̾ͿſվŵһŮӣףȴһβסӢ
հ׵һע⵽ģȴŮӵòϵǹӢŮϵŵӵķΡ
ŵĵӣҹУҲҪԵɵġ
ԭŵĵӣ֪ҹ֮ʱֱӽУкιɣհ׿ʵ
ԷԽʳķ֮ûܵκҽֱ֮ãӦǲʲô⣬ɣܵʳ˵ıӣֱܹӴԽ֮
˿ӰصŮӣǻʳ˹裬հ˵仰ʱҲͬڴǰհס
Ӱصһ̣ЩȻףİգӰϿյķ֮ǿӰصһۣΪһ˵ԷӦǺϸġ
ڿհ֮еͷǰλͲ󣬵ȴԷʣиܲȻضǺŴҡ
հ׵Ļֱ֮ӾͱԼݣ˵Լ⡣
˻ʳ˹裬׷Ԩʧһ£һЩϣӰصĪ֤һ£ϣ
˹裬ĪֵģհǰŮӱݣͨеĵӡʼʵǰŮӵݡ
ʵҲòʲôӵĺ˲鷽ʽͶԷŨĻʳˣǸ˼ٵġ
ԭǹ¼ݵãȷǰŮӵݣհ֮̽С
һУ̾ҪհװĪҪѯԼ֪
Լ٣¹Ԩʧһ£½أհҲ޷ܾԷҪԭհ׼ܲȥĪӣȴҪֱӹȥհֻܺܲһ𣬴ºӹȥ
ºӹ帽ԶԶľͿԿ˼֮жŵƻȻЩҹ֮Уȴһǳָ
ԼļУĪеĿеǳ˼ξĸӦǳ֮ͻȻȴӦǿϢԼϢĪӷǳϤհ׺ܲϢ
ôôˣֺܲȻҾȻһİĪüͷ΢΢һ壬ֻհ׺ֻܲиˣǻһİˣǾ˵顣
˼һ£Īվȥܿͼ˸ո߽ӵհ׵ˡ
Ī֣ʵڲ˼ô˻㣡һĪӣհǸһЦ˵ȻĿ裬Īӽܵ
λǻʳİ˹£ҹʵǹĪ˽һЩĪ̫á
հ׵ĻĪЩȵĿһ۰˹裬Ȼ
˹£
ĪǰϮʧٵϢصҲ֪㣬˽һЩֱ˵ĶĪ˵
ԭˣʣֻҪ֪ģһ֪޲ԡĪӿհһۣȻ̵ͷ˵
ĪӵȴڰȥôòŲ飬ҽҵԼˣʳжٶҲǹģ´е鲻١
ĪҲû뼸ȥԼļУһ·ºӹȥһ·ϣ߱ʣĪҲʵԼľ˵һ顣
ȵҪӽӰسǵʱĪӰԼ֪Ķ඼Ѿʵشˡ
ĪӵĽĪӵ˵ͷʾ˸лȴ΢ЩʧĪõϢҲ࣬Ҳ΢һЩջ
лĪ֮ҹд֮¡
˵仰֮Ī֪ԼѾˣʱһԵհ׶迪˵֮ҹȻѾˣ¿ԸӰ֣ͬ
ˣһ£ˣҡҡͷֱӾܾհ׵飬ϰ׹һ˵Ӱ𣬻һ׹Զȥ
øߵΪǴ磡ڿնһ˲䣬ĪӸӦΪϢȻ𵱳½׻ҪǿһЩ
תͷĪհ˵һȻ㷵ؼУһתĪӾͿհ̧ͷգȻûлع
հ״ʱϵı飬ĪͻȻ֮ЩϤԼǰʱ򣬵Ǽı飬ֱᡣ
հ׸òϲλ˹˰ɣĪа뵽
ӸղŶݵĽӴλ˹裬ĪӵĸоһǳǿƵˣǸղźͶԷǶԷ֮ҹͻ𼱻ǵӰѯԼЩΪܹóԷԸԷòżӢ
հƽʱһĶŵģżһЩ˴ŵСЦ˵ĸоӡ
ĪǰľհӣϲδִҹСұ񣬷Ӣˬ͵ĹײøС
֣ˣ˶ѾˣĪЦһհ׵ļ֮дһ˿Ȥ˵
հ׻ع˿ĪӣĿգһĨʧ֮ɫȻһԲתߡ
ӣһԵܲҲհڵĲԾˡ


һʮ 
հǲĶˣĪӲ²ʮа˾ǵģǳЩദ꣬˴֮ѾޱϤˣȴʼûа취ȻĶĸоЩֻһ֮ԵֻȺ֮еһһβȴһȻĶ˲䡣
ȻĶϲĶֻǺøеĵݽϲĶڴϲתɰҪദ˽⣬ͬһЩ֮󣬲˵һ֡
հĶԻʳİ˹ĶĸоݸопҲֹֻˡ˵ļ׵һ߲ᣬ͵˵˵һߣΪѾﵽ磬ɿڣһǰټѧӣȻҪͨ˳һԪ˵治ʲô
һ㣬Ѿĺ蹵ˣοհ׶˼Ķĸо˼δضհҲָͬо
λ˹ȻŮʵͣҲҪнˣУհҲֻǸӶѡ
ĪӾհͬҲЩŻֱӵͷ뿪ԵЩӡ
ûʲôˣĪҲ»ص˼ң˹ֻһС֮ҹǺͼž۱ȽҪ
峿̫Ԥʾµһֿʼˣһĵһ죬ϲķΧûɢȥĪӺѾ뿪ºӹ壬·÷ۡ
α΢һ㣬Ȼһ˿ˣ֮ҲҪĪӶԼܵ÷£ʼϰѧݡ
ĪվߣĿɽ£Ժ֮пʼϵ¡
˹ҴҶ漴ִҴҶȥȻѰԨ䣬ĪӲûжʲôݣһ㣬Ǹ¡
뵽Īתͷһ÷µǣرյۡ
Ϊͽʱ䣬ĪҲҪָǵֱۣ֮УŸ鵤ҩ˶֫Ҳ٣Ͼս֮Уȱ첲ǳе£ֵҩı߹սܻӭ
Ϊ飬ˣȻͨ鵤ҩ޲ģĪӾһ֮󣬶ʧܸˡ
Ҫǵۣڶʱ֮ڣķֻһǾһۡȻѾһʸֻҪһҪǵۻָҪ׵öˡ
ǸʸǱԨµʿһˣԨʧ٣ǸʸҲͬûӰĪҲϣܹҵԨ֪ǸʸǵҲϣָˡ
վɽ˼һĪʱ뷨ŵһߣʼǰδɵĹ÷۵ҵ
ʱհ׾Ȼɽֻιֻһûдܲһ
հɽ֮һĪ˵£һհ׼崫һϢ֮ʱݵˮڣʳ˹˳׸𣬾פҲΪƽأǹǰıԨͬʱһϵ״ݱصɢ޼ƽкãƽһţһʱ֮ɽһꡣ
ˮţĪӡǳĲرĪΪͽ֮󣬶ҺʣˮھԺǰйЩ£Ѿǵ˲ٵˣβ£Ҳϱĸˣ³עòȥ
հɽĵһ£ڶ飬ȴĪӰæġ
Ӱس֮µЩӣ֮ѾӰصİյ˱һţҪҪЩӴľȡùĪӡ
հ׽ϣĪܹһЩľӣӰظãΪҹ֮á
ҪĪ˵ܼ򵥣հڣĪҲûоܾɡ
˵ˣһ˿ԥƺҪ˵ȴЩ֪ôڵհףĪֱ˵ʲô£뵫˵޷Ҷ˵Ľ飬ܰϵæǲƴǵģ
ĪӵĻհҧҧȻһĪ˵Ī֣Ҷ԰˹а
հ׵仰ĪӺûЦҲ΢΢ʶ£û뵽Ļհ׵Ŀ˵
ĪӲµհ׿Ҫ˵Ͱ˹йص£û뵽һڣȻĻ
Դһ˿ЦĪӶհʵа˵
ҹεհЩСƺоԼҪ˵Щݡ
ȻǰƣΪսʫʸ踳֮Удսսʫдɽˮ֮ʫдŮʫǳ٣ʫҲǳĺ
հȻǳŴңĪҲ˼꣬䣬ѧʶΪϸëȻ֪֮ǻ˴ʱѧϰ⵼Ů֮Ȼô£ȴһƬհףû
հܵĽԣЩû棬ȴ֪ԾԼа
հ׵֮󣬿һյģĪֻεĳ䵱һհ׵ʦʼһЩŮϵ£òװհ˵ͨˣ뿪÷ۣĪԼȷʵоǳıŤ
һʿһŮ鰮֮£ǡ΢΢ҡͷ̾ϢһĪڸеŤ֮࣬ȴҲЩΪհ׿ϧһһĶĶȴһһˡ
հ뿪Īӱ㿪ʼæµ֮ĵһ죬ĪӷԼҪʵ̫ˣһʱꡣ
հҪľӵǺð죬ĪӴӾݻʱ˲٣־ӵǳ򵥣ԼҲǳķ㣬Ψһ鷳ľ΢һЩҪһЩʱá
÷ۼ飬ҲҪʱ䣬һصĲϣЩĪҲûУҸȥطŪһЩ
⻹мԼīȵЩѾܶˣټÿϵΣԼݹ飬æòˡ
鶼ǰˣȥ϶û취ģĪҲֻӲͷƤÿҪɵ鰲ŵģϣȫꡣ
֮£ϵڳ׵Ļָˣͬʱٶһ̨ףΪѾָڣĪûм½뵽磬ȻһʱΪĪԿڣܲԼһڵһѹᴿһ¡
÷۵еʱ˳֮÷ֶһ֮أϧĪӲҲû˷ѲϣƷ¯ʱû취óˡ
ĪӵīȼɹǳѾ˵ڰ˵ھŵĪҲ׸ôˣҪ˶ãܼھŵ
һ£ĪҲĲżݹο񾳽ڵĪѾݳˣһݳ񾳽ͻƵһҪĪӺúÿһ¡


һʮ ˮľ
£еĪӣҪһµʱɽȥһӸĪࡢĪȥӸټѧ֮⣬ͺٳʱɽˣֻżɽɽµһЩ鷳
ʱתۼ͵£תůֵһݳݺɵļڣ÷ۺ÷ൽ˽ʱ
Īʱɺæµ÷۵ȴʱĪӸΪеĲϲ̫ˣڽ÷۵Ľóһ󷨣һЩطҪĪӺúòƾڵ裬Ҫ󷨣о΢Щ
Ȼ÷۵ʱͣĪÿæµоʱ䶼á
ҪΣҪϿΣµĶȻݹ֮żҪǽһЩ⣬˳ɽһ鷳Щһʱˡ
ڸհ׵ЩĪѾˣѾӰسǵĵ·Ͽʼװԭ÷ۺĪЩȥȶȣһֻ˲١
ԴˣйûκεķӦȫ⣬ԭ
ЩӣмһСҲǳ˼
֮һۣһܵľģհΪЩҪѲߣԸÿһܹľӣҹѲȥһЩС֮Уղĵط
־ȻвٿصķͨȴûвٿصʱҲЩ㣬λ۵ĵܵܣͽ澵Ӽ򵥵ĸһ£ȱÿɵˡ
ʵܼ򵥣Ǹ澵ӼһľʵǣһԻľ壬򵥵Ĳһ£ľס棬ȻסˣݱסĴСȻҲ˿ɵˡ
Ī֪ʱ򣬸еǳȤĵǰյǻۣ򵥵ȴܹʵá
ΪˣĪһܹȫ췢ľӣհ͸ǸľǶĹ
ȻЩС⣬ĪҲֶκ׵Ľܹͨ뵽Ӽ׵ķұʹãСǻȴֵùġ
ĪīȣűīɫĹâֹסϲµʱ䣬ڽеīȼ˵ھŵŵ֮䣬ԼѾһϵƺʱܹ˴˹ںϣγһΪһ
ŵƷһǷˣʦ󿴵ҵīȼ˳̶ȣһһɣĪ뵽
μīô˳һԭĪӵΪͼʶˣҪԭȴԺ֮е첻⡣
Ѿ˵һ첻⣬ھһ򽭺ϣĪʶ̽ҸոսΪĴʱ͸˴ֱɨ˴֮еı֮ĪӾͷ첻УڵһΧٴοʼһЩģϵŤתУҪڶĸо
ֻɨһĽƣڶķڻǳ٣۳ڶ»Ҫٵʱ䡣
ЩĶĪӵİȴܴͨοЩģĪӲܹôĽīȼھŵÿ֮䶼ΪϣΪĸʼ
ĪӼī֮ʱԼīȣʶ֮첻ڶƵĵҲаЩŤתŵķֶһЩ
еīȣڵһ㣬ȵ֮һССݷѿ֮ͳһóꡣ
ĪջĪ֮ССû˿ҪήļȫΧЩľһұΧĲľӵľ
СݣĪϵϲɫŨˣⲢ߷Щľһòѱīȵܸһ˿ֱӳһóꡣ
ˮľ٣Īӿ³˸֣˿еīȣͻȻһЩ
Сͨˮľ廪ĪֱӼԼСͨһӰ֮ĪӵΧһƬӰγɵۡ
Ƭ۳֮ĪһƬӰĵشʼϵΧ
ھݵʱĪӵõλǰָ㣬һλǰĪھСͨǱķڶһϡ
صɽôˣĪһֱæµûܹ̫ʱھԼСͨǱ
ֱղţھŵīȱĪֲһܣһ˿ˮľΪ΢֮ĪͻȻ
һ˿΢֮΢ֻܹ߷һŲѣȴʵʵڵĴڣĪ뵽ԼСͨһķ
ǴĪܹģܹˮľ֮һ֮֮һ˿ƤëǶĪ˵Ҳһξ޴
ӰֵķΧԽԽСֱֻĪʮҵķΧʱӰ֮еľۣѾʵʣǲӰҲֱʧ
ĪӼСΧﵽΧ֮ʱЩȴͻȻȫʧĪֻܹоԼΧ׷Χ֮ڣˮľ֮ȻԼĲٿ֮УԼˮľ֮Ĳٿƺøǿˡ
Ҫٿˮľ֮һ֮Īȴ޷
ҲĪӵԤ֮Уһ֮ô򵥣ô֮Ǵ
һʱ䣬ĪӵģתƵԼСͨϣÿ춼һЩʱ䣬ʹԼСͨھСͨǱһ֮
ĪͷȴвٵĺϷݣհʱɽĪЩϢҺĪһʱ¡
λհĶĻʳ˹裬µ׷飬ȻûҵԨ䣬ص˻ʳ񶼣ƺѾѰҡ
ݳϴϢ˻ʵһղһգÿԽԽ˯ȴ˯ȣһǳ΢춯ͻоѡ
ˣ˻ȻִʳĸûԼְһЩ飬ϣѾΪʴʮܹ˻ʷֵһЩ˻ȴûдӦҲûֱӾܾ̬Щ
Զڻʳ񶼣һʮ͵ĸۡԺеһ̨ͤһʿ塣
ž
λʿһص䵽ϵһȻ̣΢Ц˵µĸ߳ˣһ̵Ĳӻۣӹɼԡ
ĿĶ̣Ҳû̧ͷصЦңҪգһһֱľУƾΣǱԵģ
Ŷǵ¿֪ΪΣλʿЦ˵
ȻǼҲ̧ͷش
λҡҡͷȻָ˵ҾòȻ֮ԱҿƣȫΪ̫ⷽСˡ
˵ţ̵ָıԵǰָỬ֮䣬ǰ̣ⷽһӴ̣ԭֻ̣Ÿ̵һ䡣
ԽңͿŶԷдѯ֮ɫ
ǺǣʲôǱʲôû򵽣Ǿֻѣ˵꣬λվʩһȻתͷ뿪ˡ
ȵԷ뿪֮Ϳǰ̣ͻȻҡͷЦһ΢ɲҲ̫˵ɣ


һʮ ʴ
÷УĪվ÷ǰ߲Զǡ
˫ĿգȫתڵΧܿһ㵭ɫ
ĪĿ⿴ǣһĨЦ⣬ģǵʱ飬ڵڵĶ֮󣬾һʱĳһ
ߵ磬޵֮ľ磬䱾չֲ̫ǿĻ𲽽׶Ρ
ΪʲôЩǰ˶Ľ׶εΪһ磬Ǿ˵׶εҪԣȻûʲôδͨ˲˶٣ȴĽ׶ΣȻ׶λԽοڽҲԽкô
ǵľΪ˻׶ΣʦĪ֮Ҳһô°ΣպܹߵøԶ
ûã÷µǻ˫ۣϵɫƽ
һ˫ۣǾͿվԼǰĪӣվĶĪ˵
ʦӳɹˣ
ĪЦŵ˵ͷҲøˣȻΪЩ̫õľΪ䵽磬Ҳһ´λĻᣬպ֮·ܹߵø˳⸣֮֮½ԣľ˵޷ĨȥģΪʦϣסΩԴ
ǵĽ̵ĪһֱǷǳĵģӣ⣬ĪҲûиҺԹ
һ˹ȥģǺõĻģǶѾ֮оһ֣ĪӲȰȥ»߿ֻϣھЩ֮Ȼܹкõһ棬ǿϢһԻ̬ȥ硣
ĪӵĽ̵ص˵ͷû˵ʲôҲ֪Ƿ˽ȥ
ĪҲû̫߶˵ڵٶȣ£ڵͻµԲĳ̶ȣʱ»ָ磬ȵ»ָΪʦͽμҴȵļ֮
ʱ䣬ĪԼлõ齣һ֮лõĹĸͨհ׺հ׵ļһףϣܹȡһѷɫī
ĪӸĶֵͣȡһȫ㹻ˣհڣȻ᲻ͬ⡣
ȻûеĪӵϣ֮󣬲͵ĪӵҲһ磬ܹʹģʱȫü
һȥһԼڵ֮󣬴˵һЩѾԼˡ
ĪھǱȽԶĵطҲʼԼʱĪĲصԼСͨȻֱڣȻûͨˮľ֮ǶԼСͨǱĪȴھ˲١
վĪΧ֮ڣһɫϵһĪӵĽµļľ÷ǳïʢΧͬĲľ˲ֹһأԵ
Щľ֮ԵĪӳɹˣܵˮľ֮Ӱ죬ԭ˳ԲŻˡ
ȫǰĪʱͿĪ£׼ȷ˵Ī飬֮ͨһ˿֮
Īľ֮ˮ֮ʵ֮󣬶ܹ֮һ˿֮Լľ֮ˮ֮ҵһĵ㣬ĪӾãҲԼ̤񾳽
Żصɽ֮ʱĿޣĪӵΪѾӽܹ񾳽ĲΣڵǿȣѾĪһֲҪӽ컨ĸо
˻֮ѾԽԽˣĪҲһֽȸУϣԼܹͻ񾳽磬һľȵ˻ʴ֮һʳضһǰĻ岻ŹȨĺûᡣ
˲֪ãĪΧɫˮľ֮ʧŽµĲľĪӶٻǸоһ˿ʧǲôһ㣬ʼûһ

ʳ֮УѾΪʴ͵ͷվһ䷿ڣһʱֻѾҪٹˣǻʳĻʴδ˻ʵļߣǰǸλãò˶ãˡ
㣬Ͳ˵ʲôһϵЩ֮еϣȴûΪ϶١
룬ʽҹʲôڵŸʷԸû̧ͷɱŵͷƣĻش
Ԥ֮еҪסԭӦ϶ϵٴһȴûлشֻǵͷĬ
֮аƬ̣Ȼٴ𣬡೯ϣ㿪ʼӴʲô뷨
ȻһʷԸ⣬͵û˿ԥֱӱش
ǣµжŮ֮Уֻ͹񣬷ǸЩˣѧӣ͹˵滰ɣ㣬ôģϵԴЦһȻʵ
ԭµͷ­ʼ̧ҲվֱˣϵȻ֮㷢˱仯ԣĿֱ÷ǳᶨ˵
ʣãԽЩ̶̽ˣ
˵仰˼ѾǳȷˣϣܹʼӴģϾ־˻ʵλãڵ˻λ֮ǰܹϤЩ۷гôʳȨӣܹǳƽȵĶȹ
ҲãҲȷҪ׼쿪ʼųһͬϳȵɢ֮󣬱ﴦһЩ⣿
͹һͬʱ
ûҪ˵ģͻȥɣ˻ʵٴδֻһΣȴһ˿ƣ
ˣԣһ׼뿪ɵߵſڵʱ˻ʵȴٴ
ϣסһ㣬Σʼģ
˻仰ͽŲסˣȻת˻ڵķ¶һЦݣƿţ˳ȥ
ڶһ磬ʳ֣ʴͳ˳֮ϣ˻ʵӼ𣬻ʴͿʼЭ˻ʴʳ
ɢ֮󣬻ʴʼϢܿʹˡ
е˶ףһԤףԤʾ˻ȨĽѾʼˣһε˻ʱضɣڲ֪ʲôطԨѾ׵ûˡ
ϢʱͬһϢСΧڴ
ͿʼЭĵ죬˹ȥһڱľŻԼʱ֮뿪֮ȥ˻һ棬ֻǶ̶̲һĹ뿪ˣֱ֮뿪˻ʳ񶼣˵Ƿš
Ϣûб̫ע⣬ΪҵעʴϢˣֻˣϢע⵽ˡ


һʮһ 
ʱû찡÷ۺ÷ϵĹʵĪͻȻ䷢ĸп
÷۵÷һγˣ֦ͷһſų÷ˣֻǿһۣͻһˮĸо
֣ĪӴժŹʵһŵݸһԵǣԼҲһŷС
ζĪӸо̺˼֮ƺȥ÷ЧҪһЩ
ǵһƷ÷۵÷ζʱϲˣ÷̺֮˵ֱǿӴ󣬲÷̺ǳͣʲôΣ
ڳ÷֮ǻ£ڵʼתɫֱ塣
ĪӼ״Ҳ⣬ҪָΪˡ
ԭٶȣҲ˲½Բĳ̶ˣ÷Чֻʱ΢ǰһ㡣
ԭΪ֮ڻָΪ˵ֻһˮɵ飬κεΣգĵʱҲǳ١
ĪӾǵԿţһҵĹϵ;ת˫۵ʱΪѾָ硣
˫վǣĪӸӦϵϢĵϣҲˮйأԭݣȷһλˮɡ
ǵΪ»ָ磬ôһĪҲʱ򽻸ˡ
ǡľԪΪѾָ磬ȺúùһΪ˳һݡľԪȲҪкβ֮ʱΪʦĪһ˵ţóһݸǡ
ġľԪȻֻĪƵ֮ǰݹ÷ĪӵĹȣѾôΪͬˣĹһҲĪӽϸ΢ĸġ
ľԪԭĹ㲻ھĪϸ΢ĵ֮󣬹ѾøӾڵĲ֣ӦòѷɫЩСŵĴйˡ
ǽӹĪеص˵ͷתͻصȥˡ
ǻصȥ̾磬򹦷ĪҲԼ
Īӻ̯Լģһ֮䣬֮Уһɫһɫһһ˴˽֯һ𣬲ϵľںϡ
ʱĪȻûܹյһ˿֮Ӷ֮ÿ첻ϵʹСͨĪӶСͨǱھȴŲСĳɹ
񵱳ھλǰָģҪһھСͨǱƳɳõİ취Ƕá
ڣĪȫʩչԼСͨԿƲһƬӰ֮ˣֱӾһƬľۣӵľԻԣֻĳ̶ȣСͨĸǷΧҪСһЩֻзԲҡ
ŶСͨǱĽһھ򣬼򵥵ģСΧĲˮľĪȫҪʩչСͨҲҪֻһͱ֮еĪӾûʩչСͨҲûжԼڵ
ܹһ˵ĪӶˮ֮ľ֮Ѿ˸һ׷֮Ĺ֮ϲ
֮еˮľ֮ϵľһһĪӵĸоǲһ㣬һ㣬ȴĪʼûа취֪Ҫá
ûʦ̵Ļ⣬ֻԼûʦָ㣬һؿҪסܾá
ĪӹԼҲҪͻһˡ
ĪӼȫע֮̽ʱͻȻ䣬Ŀȴɽ£ɽ϶Ϥհ׺ܲˡ
еɫˮľɢȥĪվԭصûãͿհ׺ܲ
Ī֣÷ӦˣԽãĪֿɲҪİһĪӣհ׾Ц˵
ҸеƤһֱԭˣ֪ӦðѻɽķĪҲЦſһЦȻհ׺ܲ뵽÷ۺ÷ǰ¡
һĪժ÷հٺܲƷ
еԽԽŨ÷ƺڿڸкЧϱϴλ΢ǳĪ΢Ц˵
հԣҲûкĪӿƷȻ޵ڸеȷˣ̺ƺҲһ
һԵܲû˵Ҳ˼ţ÷̺֮ǳºͣЧǳ˵ΪٻһЩãֻܲ΢΢
ɽĪ˵Ʒһ÷̸Ƭ֮հ˵ɽ⡣
ĪԣհЩı飬ıҲˡ
ԴӻʴʼѾˣλԻʴۻµʱȻЩǲܣ㣬ܹýȥԣѾõ˲ٳͬհûֱ˵⣬˵˳ϵ顣
Īհ׵Ļϱøˣãհ׽Ҫ˵飬ضһ£ǣܹ㡣
ʴҲϣõڶ೯ͬ˻ʵĬ֮£ԼİףͬʱŶ෽ʾãԣţҿҪˣ
˵ľǣˣ
ţˣհ׵ͷ϶
հ׻һ䣬Ī﷭˸ۣղſհ׵ı飬˵ĻĪΪʲô·ﶼ׼һµ׼˵һ¡
ͷһתĪҲЩˣհ׿ǹˣķʽԼҪ뿪ϢϾҪ٣Ǿһ뿪Ӱء
¶һЦݣĪӿ˵һ°ְֹ֪Ҫεη
ΪϵĵӣհӰأѾʱˣӰصʱ䣬Ϊ˲ٵ£Ҳ׿
ĪӺհཻĪ棬ҲհеΣԼıǽʳ֮ĹϵŦʱǨҲΪʴҪø֧֣ͷų⡣
ʳľδ´κηκְǱ߻ΪҳֻҪżİžͺáհЦ˵
˵հվĿɽ£͸һƵԶ
ϲˣοҪƽˣ˵һ֮ˣĪ˵仰ʱĿ⿴ߵһƬհףܹհһ̵顣
Ӱհĵһطڴ˵ְ࣬ѾһƬϵķչͷˣհ׽вٵľٴ룬ӰرøãڣϾҪȥطְˣеЩٴ룬ûʲôʩˣԶհЩʣȴһֲᡣ
ӰȻҲȻһƫԶСأڴ˵ʱ䣬հ׾Լ÷ǳģҲһѣڣվ뿪ˣ


һʮ ͱ
ⲻ˵ľ֮֮֮𣬻иϤ֮
ѵһ֪ܶõ֪ܹһֱ˴ģȴʼն
հ׵εı֮еĻҪһ㣬Ī֪Ϣ֮ĵʮ죬ʳˣհ׵ȷƽƣϷհһӿԽ˺üһ֮λá
ֻȻһӿԽ˺üհҪȥĵطȴôõģµְ֮أλںݡ
ˮ彻սǰߣĿǰʳ֮УȻȽϻҵĵط֮һҲѹϽĵط֮һ
ݵΧͨһİ˾ű֮࣬ڲϵȫںˮĽս֮Уһʳġ
һΪʮ˿ҲǳĶ࣬ӣټҵӣŵӣ·ɢ޵ȵȣڶǿߣذҲ뺷ΪݵİգǾЩʿĺǱ˺ݱ뺷磬Ҫһ֮Ĳһ׵顣
հ׵ѾˣǾͲٸˣȥθǸλÿݺһ㣬ϽϵİģӦܹס档
֮հ׽Ҫ뿪ϢӰشˣӰصİһǳĲᡣ
հȻֻʱ䣬ȴʵʵ˲ٵʵ£ϰյ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ᲻ôõ뿪
رӰرЩŮӣвϴ棬ϾհӰرЩŮУǾԵѷѡ
Ż磬ݿʣ棬Ѿһ𣬷ӸҲҲڶհ׸ѡˡ
⼸գӰεѾˣһЩ˽֮հײ͵ˣӦ뿪ʱ
εӰһλѾСߣԭһسǵĳҵҵôܹ꣬ͣһ֮λã;ҲߵͷˣʲôӦûλһֱϻ硣
հ׼뿪ˣ⼸ʱ䣬ѾԼĶʰã׼뿪ˡ
õһ㣬ǳзǳķ㣬Ҫô׸ֻҪս﷨֮Уܹᳵ·
ҪȥΣհе·Īϴ·࣬ͨȵִݣȻһ·˳ֱյִﺣݡ
հ߸ܲʮʮ֮УԭӰص䱸ͳԭҲǽϵˣհܹӰؿٵ㣬ʩٲ˵İҪ뿪ˣȻҲҪ֡
մ˴ȥݣ·;ңԶ·ϻౣأ;ܹΪһ֮պضվڳ֮ϣܹӰְ֮ҲҡεӰհ׵ߣһͷȥһЦŶհ˵֮зǳĹ
Ҳ֪Լ;͵ͷˣǰˣ;Ÿոտʼû⣬ӦԼһܼһˣȻԼ䣬ûбҪڰͽ˭ˣҲָܹǶϰߣȴǶϹٱŹ
հȻԼõĺλεӰҲɱһһߺͶԷ̸ţûеԷ
ܿ죬հ׾ͷ֮ۿľ󣬾ͷһƬɽ˺
صĺŴ󻧣еͨգɽ֮еĲٴ񣬽춼Ҷհеġ
ӵˮϣһСĪվСϣͷհס
հ׾ҪˣѵģȻٵĪӻҪհһ̡
ǰɽ˺ĳ棬ӰһĨĽ켣ٳô꣬ȻΪһΣߵʱôͱڱжôĵģԺ󻹻ڻʳдΪѻ
ǰôΪԼͱհҲ΢΢ЩжûߵȺǰԶԶĹһ
ڳеİռ״ʲôݣŴ󻧵ˣ߱صķ䣬Ҳȫѧհ׵ӣһ
ĪڴϿһĻвɵðһհױСõĽѾЩǿ˹һ᲻ԾӰ쵽ˣһֱ֮ˣںհ׽ʱҲ᲻ԾһЩľٶ
ͷλˣһհվֱӣϴЦݶǰѹѹȺ˵
һΣشһƬڳеİ˵䲻ͬĻͬһ˼
ˣ᲻ߣ
ˣһ·أ
ɣˣ

ô˵һ𣬳ԵЩңհֻһѹƣʾ˰һ£ڳȫ
εӰ𿴵հ׽һڳ˶סԣвɸ̾һһһ֮УҲûмٹԱܹﵽ
лλˣҲ᲻ôң᲻ӰأǻʳѾʵǲò뿪ٴθлλͣհڳ˵ͬʱŲһͷ֮ȥ
֮ʱʱһЩ˻һЩһЩôֵǮĶȴһӵꡣ
ȻҲһЩȽϲͬĶǸЩŴߣһЩŮӵݳ֮Ķ
վڴϵĪӿհЩıʱɵ΢΢һ£ˣհŮ֮һʱ򣬻ԵЩ׾
òհڴȺоǴһоİΧЩǰͱգհȻжȻоԴҵЩмܲס
հܲڶʱҲ΢ЩǱΪǵϹ˲ٵĶЩյͳĶհײ˵ȫƵǵĻ
ȵȺ֮ЩǲϹ˶֮УҲһЩ
ҲеãرܲϻеĳЦ⡣
Ϊϵļҳհܹܵհֻеɡ
Ī֣հ׿վڴЦſĪӣҲ¶һЦݡ
հ׾Ӱջ񣬾ǽĪһѣ뿪֮ʱкͣͬʱôͱ𣬾˵Ӱصûа׹
ٱ֮ʣһ㣡ߵԼǰհףĪ΢΢ЦЦȻһĴóһݵհ׵ǰ
Ǻհ׽ӹĪеĶͷ˿ƺһѴɡǱȴ֣ٵдŤŤᣬӤͿѻ
ѴɡϣհȴоһϤΪټѧӵİǰյԸ֮һ
ΪɡӰسյױǩִȥݣϣɡܹһĪ΢Ц˵


һʮ 
粢ûɡĶȴƵֶ֮࣬Ϊٵİټѧ˵ֱı
ĶγɵǳĿ̣ȾԲԼҪҪĸԸĵף㣬һƷԸܷá
ֶֻҪ֮󣬼ͳһ˽˵רƷǸҪף֮⣬ʹò˵ġ
հ׺ߵܲˣȥ£ĪΪհ׵ĺѣհ֮ǰհ׸㵽
ɡϵЩ֣ĪһһĴׯȥܣÿһдֵдԼ֣˼ʱɵġ
ĪóհĲ֪Լʱ˵Щʲôˣһ޷ܾֻܻعȥЩͱˣٴĹһ
߰ɣ֣һ̣հ׾͹һĪٴο˵
հԣһȻһ̤ϴϣŶĪ˵лĪ֣ˣ
ӦллԼЩգΪӰ֮Уôı仯ðӵ㣬ԲŻɡĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
˵֮䣬ܲҲųһȻ˴ʱ׼ˡ
ĪӼ״ŽµĴֻǰʻȥЩǰеӰذտŴֻѾһٴհ׺ףհһ·֮ġ
ĪӵĲ£ֻʻٶȲ죬հҲڴһ⣬ĸˣûãֻͷҲԽԽԶˣճ׿ˡ
ʱĪӲżӿ˽´ֻٶȣʼٵӿڶȥȻһߺհ׽̸š
գĪһϤӿڣ͵˷ֱʱˡ
;ǧһҾ㵽ˣ֣ȥౣأĪͻȻЩܹǰЩʫ֮УΪͱĸˣͬ˿̣ףԸҲһ˿ᡣ
лĪһ·ˣĪΪ׼ɡ㵽˺ݣҲʲôΣգĪַİɣհЦ˵ʱԵñĪӻҪһЩ˵仰֮󣬶ϵܲ˵˵ͷȻ̰ܲҴתƵ򽭡
ˣĪ֣أհ˵꣬ĪӱȭһȻתȥ
հ뿪ıӰĪҲ¶һף΢ЦԭվһհǵĴֻԶȥȻҲת뿪
һӿڣĪҲûڴ̫ͣõ뷨ֻȥйһЩȻ̤ԼСӰء
һȥһĹмѵʱʵҲẠ̊́ܶĪӹʱȻͷ˲ˣհס
ڵ֪հƽӿڣѾźݷȥ֮󣬴Ҳ뿪
հ뿪ˣӰεҲˣӰȴһӱúûǰôˣƺоЩʲô
ĪٻصӰ֮ȥһ棬Ȼͻص÷ۡ
λεƺĪٲرӣصģйЩͬŵְ֮ʿںĪӽ̸֮ʱûֿ׽֮⡣
ԴˣĪҲû̫⣬Լһ꾳ɢޣԱйţһĿȻε룬Ҳȫ֮飬ԼҲʲôĪ˵ҪĻΪ
»ص÷֮ĪӼԼԭֻôһŵһڿȥˡ
ϥ÷£Īӵߣһɫˮľ֮ϵķ˴Ť֯һ𣬶ɫˮľ֮УȴŷǳϸСĵɫ
ɽΧѾˣվĪ߲ԶЩĵĿĪӡ
˿̵ĪӣʶǳԼĹͼ֮Уһλǿޱˮϵľϵ
һΣĪӵ֦Ҷڲϵͼͷ񷣬ɳøȴƺľɡ
µޱˮ򻺻ţһ̽ⲻͷޱˮ֮УȴƺһܹĪգ֮󣬾תһ˿֮
·ĸϵ̰ļȡˮеת֮ȻЩ֮࣬ȴԴԴϣڻĻ֮£Ҳܹ۳һɿɹ۵֮ĪôɳĸѸ٣Եøˡ
֦ϵһƬƬҶӶ̵ɫͷ·ǳҶ֦ɫɫΣһƬƬµҶѿ֦չĻ
֮֮£ĪӿʼչԼ֫ȫȥգϣ֦ҶȥеǼǳ
յĸ߶ԶĪ֮еҪߣѾŬƺʼȴôһ룬һѾǰȴʼ޷
ĪҲżһȱģֻҪܹһܹͷǼǹ⣬Ǽǹ⣬ȥ̽ߵĸ߶ȡ
ǿ÷°ĪӣѾԽԽˣʱʱѾȥˣ̫Ѿбò˶ҪˣĪȴûѹ
ΨһһǸеĵľǣĪϵϢڲϵƺûеٽ㣬ΧĪ߾ۼȴʼ޷ĪΧĪΧˮľҲȻʼһɲϷתŤһ
ʱһĹȥ̫ڳɽˣҹĻʼ٣ʱǸоΧĪڷӵȥĿʼƽĪϵϢƺҲﵽһٽ㣬ЩȻǵ˹ؼʱ̡
ʱֳһʱһ¹⽥Īӵϣ֮еĪӣһ־׵ĸо
ʦһɹģǿһĻаΪĪӴ
ĪֻãԼѾܽˣǼǹԼǰֻҪһľ룬ܹǣһľ룬ȴʼղôһ㡣
ĪӲϵŬţҲû˿ĽܲԶֻҪԼܹǾдʱ
ڣĪӸоԼ֦ҶǼǹ⣬һ˲䣬ĪӸоԼӭһɱ䣬ʶ˲˹ͼ»صʶ֮С
һĪӵ֮ʣĪӵ꿪ʼʵı仯øǿ
֮䣬Īӿһ⣬ǲԼʶ֮첻Ĺһֽ׵Ĺ⣬ͨ⣬Īӷ·𿴵һ֮УĪӲԾı⿿
ǰ߳һʱĪͻȻоһᣬ˷·ʲôһжǧصĸо
ţĪͻȻоһ˿䣬̧ͷʱÿ£ȻͷֿϤһС
÷Ա߲Զվǣ÷֮£һȶĿ
Ǹ˵ݣȻĪԼңǣ
ĪӵͷԼϵŴ磬ԼһģһȴһøС
ϣĪ˲׹ԼѾɹͻˡ


һʮ ÷ع
ʶԼϵ״̬ĪףԼΪѾͻˣﵽ񾳽磬ӵܹε
Լ÷µ壬ĪܹоԼַǳϵû񾳽״̬̫ãĪ̾˳ϵ»صԼ֮С
Īӵ»صһ˲䣬վһԲԶǣ̸оĪϵϢԽǸٽ㣬һ񾳽ǿߵɢ˳ɫ˲Щ԰ס
ںܿ죬ƾʧӰ٣÷µĪҲ˫ۣվ
Ī˫۵һ˲䣬͸оƺǰøˣ¹ϣһַǳĸоĪԼΧٴθӦһϤǾǳ֮
񾳽磬ĪٴθӦǳ֮ЩֶΣҲڿʩչˡ
ϲʦͻ񾳽磡ǵ𣬶Īӹϲ
Щ԰׵ɫĪ֪Լղλʱ򣬷ųӰ쵽ǣǻȥϢԼҲҪط乮һΪ
񾳽磬Ϊŵ磬ʼһЩԱ֮ٿһСˣС֮УҲְܹ֮
Īӵ䣬ܹӵΪŵɢ֮УǾеģЩСŵĵҲǲ磬ֻЩŵţܺĪ
Ϊ񾳽磬⻹ζĪܹΣӵ˽ڤȻҪڤһ׵飬鱾ҲһЩΣյ¡
ȣȻ˵Ѿøǿˣܹ壬Σ״̬£ҪٵΣҲǳĶܷ࣬ӳʵԶԼ״̬ױһЩĻ֮ͽûԣᱻһЩרķơ
ңڤ֮УٵΣֻӵĶ࣬Ų֪ٵ꣬źܶ׺ݽթĹޡ
һ㵽񾳽֮󣬺ٻѡǰڤЩŵӣӵܱıų֣Żȥڤһ⣬ȥʶ
һҹʱȥڶһ磬ĪӺʼϵΡ
һҹʱḶ́ĪϵϢѾƽȣһʱ䣬ܳ׹Լľ硣
֮ǼȥĪ̵ݣĪԼҲʼϤԼͻ񾳽֮ı仯
ұø곹׵ɱʶַΧȻǱøˣͬʱĪӷ֣ʶҲֻǼ򵥵̽һ¶ˣҲܹͬһЩ顣
һΪͻ֮ĪӸоջģһԼһ˿֮ҵԼԭˮ֮ľ֮һϵ㣬ڵӵˣԼδ·ӵˡ
ڶ㣬Ī񾳽֮һθӦǳ֮ϴλԵ֮µĸͬһΣﵽ˸Ӧǳ֮ĳ̶ȡ
񾳽УһЩ仯ĪڻҪϸϸᣬϤȵϤЩ֮ĪӾʹȥһڤȥԼʦʦʱ򿴵Լһǳľʡ
Ȼǰڤ֮ǰĪҪһЩ׼ȷԼΣյʱܹӦԣѾܹӦǳ֮ôˮֶξͿʹˣһͨĪҲʼˡ
ֻҪЩֶΣĪӵʵܹ츲صı仯ʱΣֻҪԼҲ㹻Աˡ
ĪϤԼ񾳽ı仯ʱӰ֮У÷е񣬺Ȼ֮䶼ɢ˽⣬һЩ֮ͷһ㣬̱üˡ
ˣᰲˣ
ɽµãȻҲЩһ˽⣬âҫۣ͸֮Ҳܿ챻ɽϵĪӷˡ
ɽ֮ĹâĪ̿ٵɽ÷ǰһ۾ͿɢŽá
ǣɣְȹ̣ʦԴڤ֮зˣĪӿǰһĻհ̹⡣
ڤ֮УӦ֮󣬵򳹵ɣְ׵ȹ̣˼ͻ֮ͿԷ˼ˡ
ʱ򣡡ĪͻȻЩЦãԼոջţԼڤ֮󣬼ʦܹʦһԼոͻ񾳽磬ʦͳ󣬶ȹ˳Ӧڣܹ˼ˣ⻹ǲ֪ô˵á
֮ɢŽĪӸɴվԭĬĬĵȴţţ÷ص˼֮󣬵һʱģӦþɽˡ
ϵĽɢһʱ䣬ղŽᰲϢȴѾСΧĴˣӰصİն׷ǰȥ㡣
һʱ֮䣬ᰲļ쳣֣ǰδеĶʢ
ɽ⴦ãҲвٸ˹
ĪӿЩǰ񣬵ȻֹҵΪԼʦʢǳ⿴ġ
⴦õڹֶ֮һԵĪӴкҲû̫ͣãܿ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˵ᰲˣһЩֵ˼ϾƽʱҲûʲôֻҳ֮⣬ƽҲȽġ
Щȫ뿪֮Īԭվ˴Լʱǰ֮еͻȻ֮ٴ˽ɫ⡣
ڽɫ֮УһӰ֮˳߳á
Īӵ΢΢ϵЦԽԽʣ΢΢£ǵӰһ
Īӣӭʦع飡
ǵӰ֮߳УһĪӵĸǰǰĪӣ˫ַסĪӵļ򣬻ĽĪӹµӷ
ͽòˣһº͡ϤֲʧϵĪӶ÷
Īӿǰ÷ݣ΢һЩ仯ҲǷԵʣ÷ԭǹɳһЩȡ֮ǶһϵĸоԭϵĵۣҲһ͹ЩƵĳۡ
ȻһЩ仯÷ǹɴȰȴһĪ֪ԼʦʼջԼԭǸʦûΪʲô仯
ĪӴ÷ʱ÷ҲͬڴĪӣԼΨһĵӣҲΪĵӡ
ʱȥˣˣҲӿˣ˿ҲӳˣϵϢҲøǿˣţϵϢ
÷ע⵽ĪϵϢʱԼͻȻһ£ȻԼӵϣӦһ񾳽ǿߵϢ
÷ǵãԼ֮ǰԼλӣΪŸմﵽ꾳磬ŶòԼȻϣӦ񾳽ǿߵϢ
ͽΪ÷Īӣ֮дһ˿̽Ѱ֮⡣
Ī÷Ļ˵ͷոոͻƣ


һʮ һһһͯ
ոոͻƣ
ĪƮƮһ仰÷ĶУȴһݺݵͷ
ԭذվһϸĿǰĪӣ÷ͻȻĪӵļЦ
úúã˵ӣϸһ
һߴЦţ÷һ˵ãеϲԱ
ΪĪӵʦСĪӳԼһֽ̳ĵӣ÷ȡõĳɾֻͣϲãЩܣû̽ıҪ
ʦȻعУȽͽʶ֮ǰͽ֮ʱ֪ʱǷˣĪӿϲ֮Ա÷˵
÷ĪӵĻʱӸˣĺʵ̫ˣڤ֮е򳹵׵ɣǵһϲ£Ȳϻ֮󣬷ԼĵΪȻѾﵽ񾳽磬ǵڶϲ£ھȻĪ˵Լͽһϲ¡
һϲ£÷ϵЦݸֹסһߺĪ÷ȥһ߶Īӽ͵
֮󣬻ʲô£һ˵ܹģǱҪɣְȹ֮󣬸ոշ񣬻ûдڤ֮зص飬ܹͨ˼յ𣬲ͽ󡣡
Ī÷ĽͣĬĬĵ˵ͷ֮У֪ˣĪӻԸ÷
һ·÷ȥ÷󷨣ɽϵŨȣ÷ĬĬЩ̾Լ뿪ʱ䣬ɽı仯ǲС
һ㻤ɽ󷨣÷ܹȻβ󷨣ǵôɢޣʶеģĪԼõʱ÷ֻãԼ뿪ʱ䣬Īǳɳ˺ܶࡣ
صϤ÷ۣﲢû̫ı仯˺ɽĪǰý֮⣬ĵطͺ÷뿪ʱһ
÷ѧϰ̧ͷһĪӵķ򣬶Īߵ÷ǾЩϤԼƺӡ
ĪӰǽеߣǣʦʱŻȻǰ˵ӣɽ֮еǳƣֲûϤС
£̸ݵ÷ͷ
һԵĪӿһĻƤݺݵͻȻЩҵÿǵѾˣԭְҲƺˣһݣʦЩܲ𡣡
ӹʦ쾭飬÷֮λƷȼɭϣһλߵݣĲһƷܹܵġ
úӣϿʦ÷æߵݵǷһֻֽӴǵļʱ÷ͻȻһ£ΪǾȻûۡ
ĿĪһۣĪ˵ʲô÷̾һ⣬۵λá
ף
Ƭ֮󣬽ɢȥȻյۣ÷̲סɳ
ʦ⺢ӵЩ⣬ͨİ취޸ˣԺٺ͡ĪʱŶ÷˵
˿ǣ÷΢΢ĵ˵ͷҲ֪Լͽʲô
Ȼȱ÷Īӵ۹⣬ܹĪΪӣǾܹ²ˣοǵΪѾﵽ磬ѷɫĪӵꡣ
÷ǵ֣һָ׵˼ĪҲǳĸˡ
÷÷֮תһȦرȥһ÷÷һĪΪͽ֮⣬ΪĶˡ
÷ӣ÷һʱ֮䶼ţǵԼ÷ֱĪһǰر˵ũλ÷ֶεʱ÷һԼĺ룬Ҳоο
÷ֶܹΣ÷һܵõũҵ˵һͬ
÷ܹɳ˵زһ¼У÷ͻȻãԼһȻòʣԼʼΪЩĳЩȻ֮·ˡ
ҹĻʼ٣һȥϢˣ÷Īӻ໰Ҫ˵
Ī÷÷뿪֮Լľհཻͨӣй۵Ŀ֮ʱԵɺΪͻƣеһྭȵȣ󻹽ԼƹĹø÷
ĪӵЩֿ˿Ī޸ĺġľԪ÷ãԼЩ͹Լӡ
ԭĪӵҲǳĸߣϣܹĹȻ÷۷չһСţڿĪģҪԶԶڴֵ
ΪʦѾûʲôܹˣ·ͿԼˣΪʦţܹúܺã÷Ҳ﷢Ϊʦ㹻ʱ䣬ȴһĵľԪĪӣ÷ԼȫҪΪĪӵʲôѾ㹻ȥӦе飬ԼֻҪĬĬĿţȴһ졣
÷ҲĪӽһЩڤ飬رԼľ
ڤⷽ飬ĪӻЩ棬Ȼвٵĵ伮֮жڤһЩȵһλĽ
ͨ÷ĽĪ˽˲ڤ֮еţرڤ֮ǱصΣա
ڤȥĵط飬ֵÿɲ壬ˮ壬Ҳȥڤȴֻתˮ壬ͬҲ飬ͬҲڤ֮нֻԣˮڤ֮еҪԱһЩ
֮񾳽ʱҪǰڤһҪСģܹҵһıֻ볤ʶΪʦԴȥҵ򿴿Ϊʦܻס㣡ڽԼľ֮÷ǳĶĪ
˵ʦͽ̸ĲˣɫҲѾˣ֪һҹ֮йȥˡ
ĪǷŴ򿪵֪Ѿ׼ˣԵ÷΢Ц˵ʦȥˣ
÷ԣҲվĪһ˳ȥ
ԴԼ÷ҲûΣʱص÷ۣ¿ʼһΣ÷ͻȻ֮һЩж
÷£һһһͯͬʱΣγһǳõĻ棬÷Īӡжͬʱһ̣һƳĳ䵽˵ϣΪõĻһɫʡ
һж÷иоƽȫעͶУ֮е⣬·ϸ뵽޵
֮䣬÷ٴοһµĽ⣬һֱֿ
һĨ⣬÷֮ȥʣ;Ͼףڽ죬һӵпĽ⣬÷ȴƽŽ£Լ飬֮ˮ޺ۣһоûзһ
컯̫ͨͥ÷жûֹͣøӺһЩ


һʮ 
һνĪӿԵ÷̶̵жĹ÷ϵϢȻ͸ղЩͬˣ˺Ȼ֮侫һ㣬ƺ϶һֳ
÷ı仯Īӵðһǰʫʣ־ǧ
Ī֪Ǹղ÷жĹ֮ջϲŻᷢı仯Ȼ֪ʲôջ񣬵ܹӦһ¡
ϲʦĪӶ÷ϲһ䣬һԵҲ÷ҲԼʦƺ͸ղЩͬˡ
һʽȴûܹ֮ǣΪʦ;Ͼϵ֮ΡԼͽܺͽ÷Ҳûʲôӣֱ˵
ǲ÷˵ʲôĪȴٴЦŹϲ÷Լľ
ûе飬÷Ȼʲѣƾ̿УӦҲѾ񾳽ĸˣҲӰأĪΪӣ
ϧˣѾʱûЩˣ÷һ̾ʱǰһЩԲǼһߣȴԼ
֮;;ͬ飬ʦ֮·վҲֻͬһ֮·ҲܰʦߵøԶ˵Դ֮֮·ϣʦܹΪĪ÷Ļһ䡣
÷Ե˵ͷô˵ϵǽˣһ֮ǣҲһЩ򣬶ڵƺһ¥ˣӦ֮һοɣ
һֱ֮÷ԼδҲƺһɴ̬һ˲١
ͽ˵Ķԣ;ͬ飬ͬҲһ֮·Ϊʦĵ;أͽʦ㣡ˬʵһЦ֮÷һԵǣĪӴЦĿ֮Уֱ˽̵ǵȨȥһԿʼϵĽ̵
ĪӿЩϤһĻƺԽ˼ǰʱ÷Ͻ̵Լǻǡ
÷ҹĪӽǵľ⺢ӵҲеЩϧرڣѾͽ֮ǶЩȺǵ˷ǳķߺޡ
ĪûֱӶ÷ǰϢҲǲ֪ô÷˵ڵΪʶӴΣж֮ǰ֮
Ȼûֱ˵һ㣬ĪҲͨʽ÷ǵĲֻ˵ʻ츳ŻȺ˶ȡȻǵۣҲŻôԻָ
ǵѾָΪʵûۣǵӰҲ̫ȫֲͨ
÷̹һ֮󣬶ͽ÷׵ˡ
̵ǵḶ̵́Īһǳʡģ˵ֻҪ˵һ飬ǾܹܿļסʵĵطҲһͨɼϼѡ
ôСʹﵽ֮ΪҲǳֱǼ̳²ѡպ÷׳֮Īȥ׷ߵĴ÷ҲǺˡ
ҲԼոռ治õʦദĲܹо÷Լ⣬÷Ī˵̬ȸӵĴȰһֳߵĳ硣
÷ڽ̵֮ûм÷ۣѾ飬𹩷ͬʱҲҪԼְʹԼȨ
÷õǡᰲȨܹӰչ׷ǣƽϧȨǱ˸ģǴӷպƽȨָģұһķΧ
һĪȫܹ⣬պƽȨ˵ǾȨΪǶİ̫ҪˣܹȨǽõǿƿֲ֮
ǷָȨҲ൱ĲˣܵӰչ׷һ㣬Ѿ㹻֤÷ӰصľϢ
Ȩܶ඼ũҵĵõȨҲƶ˺ܾãټѧҲӸ˲ãȨ䵽÷ϡ÷һľ֮Ҳ裬÷еŴͨľɳز÷ܹ֤һ㡣
ټϻƽȨ÷ƷλʳҲȷ㹻ŴˣҲһЩǧǵ˼
÷µ飬ȻĪ֮ǰΪռ𣬵ҲȻҪԼӪͽϤԼְܹӦͽ֮ߵøԶ
÷ʼԼæµĪǼͶ֮У񾳽֮ҪеĶǳĶ࣬ϸӦǳ֮Ԫˮ¼һЩµĶѧϰˡ
ΪҪǣĪǰ֮УõΨһһͨڿԿʼˡ
Ҫѵʱ䣬ԶĪ֮еҪĪԭ㾡÷ȥڤʶɵ֮Уʱ˲ˡ
Īÿ˼ԼΪ֮⣬ķʱ飬ǳ֮
Ĺͼ֮Уԭֻ֮ʣ˼ǹ⣬ȴһƬ貵ǺӣǹѾĲա
ĪΪ㹻Ҳ㹻ǳ֮ѾˮڲʱƵˮ
һͨǹˮĪȾͲôˣĪӸоԼΪֹ·һ⣬ڻŽ׶ǻķ˲ٵǳ֮ȴʼ޷κһ˿ǹˮ
ͨϰѶȣǲ֮ͨҲˣȴĪиڴˣǹˮ֮󣬿̽ʶɱ֮ꡢ֮࣬ĿƣǴĸˣԪɵԪ񣬶Եֵǹˮ
ĪֻҪֻܹͨǳžһ˿ǹˮôڤ֮ʱҲܹӰȫ
ʱһת۾͵֮÷УĪ֮һˮΣ̾һ˵žǲף
еˮΣ֮£ˮεɫƺ΢΢һ˿ɫȴǳĵϸĻֲˡ
һ˿΢ɲɫȴĪĳɹ˿΢ɲɫһ˿ǹˮ׼ȷ˵Ӧֻӵһ˿ǹˮԣôһ˿ԣҲĪеˮαò
ȻһˮΣʵ̫ǿԸ꾳ĵ˻࣬񾳽Ĺ֮ĻҲвҲڴˣĿǰĪǿֶΣȻ۳ˮ
ֻˮĪӶǹˮͨղſžӵźܴռ䣬ΪͶͨĲգͨҲ᲻ϵǿմﵽһֲĳ̶ȡ


һʮ ڤ
ĪڸоԼϷǳ䣬ΧһƬںͻɫ֮⣬ɫΨһɫʵģߵ÷
˿̣Īʵڤ֮Уںòһ˿ǹˮͨž֮ĪӼ˼գǽȶǺ룬֪ܼһʱǾ÷ڤ֮гʶ
Ī֮绷ı仯ǳ񣬵Ҳˣڤ֮УĪӾ̸оڤ֮еĺ䣬һֱ䣬ǰɫʣڤ֮еķΧԵֹ¼š
һڤ֮УȻ÷ţĪҲһ㲻īȴ˹һͬģĵӡ
ͨ񾳽ȻܹڤҪڤҲܽȥģҪܹڤͨҲһλǰڤ
ʳĵӡȻֻһŻʳ֮ӵܹͨڤҲĪӴŵӡԭ
ڤ֮д󲿷ֵطǰڣֻкɫͻɫţΧ޴ڵĺ䣬᲻ϵ壬ʱ򻹻ή꣬Ի˺ûһڷ絲֮Ǿֻеȵֻת߻ɢܹʹࡣߵ÷һǰһ߶Īӽ͵
ʱڤ֮У÷˼ʱ죬ʱʱ̿һɫ⣬ͷü֮һ·ӵƣ˿ϲַ
ĪӿŽڵأܹоһЩϵķ϶֮УƺҲһЩ壬ص÷ǳΡ
ĪӽĿͶ÷Ȼ󿪿ʵʦЩµĻǣ
÷һĪӣĿɨ棬Ȼ̾һ˵ڤ֮Уڶ꣬յӶ࣬ȻԱӻһְյ꣬ҲСܹɵ޵ģ֮ȻŽլ֮Ϊ䣬Ҳɱӻô꣬ڶ࣬Ȼǰؼ֮񣬵ҲһЩǰ֮Щ󣬾ͳ˲ܱӻЩꡣ
÷˵꣬ĪҲֻܵ˵ͷԼոյڤ˽⣬Ҳ÷˵Щǰ֮
ǰߣ÷ҲĪӽܣЩܱӻ꣬Ϊܷ紵֮࣬һЩɢֻʣǰȥתһЩڻԵɺ֮±˹ޣԶЩڷ϶֮е꣬ҲҪ㹻СģΪ㲻֪һһصĹޣ
˵ʱ䣬ĪͻȻǰһƬɢŵɫâĵشΧǺɫͻɫɫڤ֮зۡ
ˣΪʦ򣡡÷ǰǴشЦŶĪ˵ʵĪڤ֮мʶһ£ֱӴĪƬ֮С
ĪϸǰƬ򣬵طǺܴ󣬵ҲԲСдӰشСɫһЩľķݽԿһЩӰ߶
֮ȣ֮еľɫȫڤط硣
ȼɭϣĴСҲͬƣƷ򣬴Сһ֮أܹӻ꼫١Ʒ򣬴Сһ֮أ÷Ʒ飬ĴСһ֮ء
ȻĴСƣ֮УЩ黹ǺܾеԵģͱ˵Ʒ涨һ֮أһĴСȴûϸĹ涨һСӣҲһܴӣֻҪ̫״ﵽһ֮صı׼Ǿǿġ
÷飬ҲɲãܹﵽĹģѾ൱ˣ÷һͬһ飬һûĽ裬ɹӦڣһϣ÷ѾԶԶǰˡ
ҲĪӰ÷ޣ÷𲻶ϣټѧõļλãܵ˵¼Ʒͨļν÷ʱڣ˳ӦڣܻһЩĺô
÷Ī̤һ˲䣬̸оͬˣһ֮ңڤ֮޴ڵ䣬˲ͽ˲١
ΪʦŸոɣڻûʲôֻ⼸ӻһЩӰ֮˵꣬ҪĻۣŻһƷ󡣡÷һ߶Ī˵ţһߴĪ֮пʼ
ԼоԵƿأʱ֮УĪӱ÷ţû˫·ƮڿУٵķɹһطһѶ̾˲Ƶĸо
ҵСͨˮľ廪ڻǲԶ޷ʦ֮еÿһ֮һооԵƿأǸһȼĶ֣֮к齻սҲֲκεĺô֮һȦĪӶеľɫûиеʲôϡģ÷ƿأȴĪЩĽ
ǲǸоΪʦ֮оϡƽûʲôɹ֮ڴĪӽ֮еĻһȦ֮÷ȻĪӿʵ
Īӿ÷ϵЦݣʵʵĵ˵ͷ
Ϊʦڵȷûʲôɹ֮ȵպ㹻ԲӡĪӵͷ÷ϵЦɣЦſڵ
Ϊʦ֮ǰڤ֮ʱȥʳһλƷľΪʦ۽硣ǳ䱦һƬɣϧΪʦܴȥʶʶ
Ī÷ȥһλƷҲûо̫⣬÷Ѿǻʳ뷷飬ڤ֮УȻҪȥݼϹ٣λƷ飬Ӧþǻʳڤ֮УְȨߵļλˡ
÷ιһȦ֮÷׼ĪӻȥĪӵΪ񾳽ڣȻܹΣûǲҪ뿪̫õʱΪã뿪ʱԽãεľԽɢڵ񾳽֮ʱ̫ãһʱ֮Էأշر֮ʱѾԴ֮һֱͣ񾳽ڣƵżʣÿһ񾳽߶Ϊ䡣
׼뿪ڤʱ̣÷Īǿһ㣬ͽΪѾҪΪʦٽʲôΪʦ֮вιۣϣһ
ʦ̻壡÷ɫӣĪӶ̬˵
պڤǧҪڤ֮κһλ飬ҲײҪ̤κ򣡡÷ĳĶĪ˵
ӽʦ̻壡÷ĻĪ̹ش
ղ÷Լ֮У־ԵգĪӶ÷˵ЩᣬպڤУҲԻСġ


һʮ ݻ뷷
ڤзأĪ֮ʱٻǸоһЩʣʱû̫ĸоڻع鵽ָ֮оȴǳ
ͷ·һֱסļңͻȻ֮뿪һʱ䣬ٴλʱȻϤҲôһ˲侫㱵İС
ֶβܹðڵΪ˵ٻһЩӰ졣Īа뵽
ȻоһЩʣεľȴĪ֮֮ʱоƺһЩԵı仯ǳϸ΢ȴȷڡ
һǰڤȻûȥ̫طҲĪ˽ڤֻǴӵ伮֮еļȥƾ
Ҫڤ֮жĪڵΪԶأ÷ڤֻڤıɽһǣϾ÷ֻһ飬ڤ֮еʱҲڤ˽⻹ǱȽޣֻܽԼ˽ݸĪӣڤܣ÷ԼҲҪϤ
÷˵պڤ֮УòҪκһλ飬ҲҪ̤λĪѾ񾳽ΪˣҸӦǳ֮ʵǣ÷֮к÷֣Īδܹ÷
⻹Ϊ÷ֻ飬ϲŸոտʼûʲôۣͬһλƷ飬ȴۺĻۣǿ֮սڵĪӾԻ·硣
ȻĪӶǹˮͨյܹӾһЩܾδ֪ˡ
ƽǹúܿ죬ת֮䣬ת䣬ۿּһء
ʱ֮УĪһֱ÷ڼյհ׵ţ֮ǰнϰæ㵽֮⣬ͼûܵκεĴţɽµЩ񣬴հ뿪ɽѰĴҲԽԽˡ
ϰĪĿ˿īҲһֱġ
˵ʵĿƷ࣬ҪĪӺ֮еĺãݾԲ̣ĪӸĶֵ൱ڽϰװװĪһæ
ĪҲףǽϵͶұ̶ܴԼֳԼļֵҺհ֮ǰĪհϵǰɡйء
ĺôɲֻɡļֵһЩǱڵĺô˵ڹٳ֮ϣǺܱҿصġ
հ׵УĪ֪հںΣȷһЩϾǳ뺷ﵣһ֮𣬲һܹѹסġ
հҲ˼µʱ䣬ںվ˽ŸĪд֮ǰλòŸոȡ
ȻںΪٸĶ࣬ҲǳˣհодںΪٵʱ䣬֪Ҫһطʩ͹ˣǣأЩӰģںˣҽˣоԼѧ˲١
Īӵʱڿհ׵źҲдһţԼĽӰصĽдУһЩհĪ̵ֽ⣬ȫһһдȻ󽻸λŵʹߣһͬȥ
׼ˣĪӲûֱӰĿ񽻸Ǽó׼õĽѧߣȸ֮ãʵ֤Īٶ֮٣ѧϰμĹ֮УҲĪӱһ£ʧܣڲƳͻ±ըĳ档
ҵǵķӦҲܿ죬ȻķըˣԼȴûʲôˣº󷴵Īӱ÷˵˼䣬˵ʦĲ̫Ρ
ȵõĿ񣬿ʼѧϰȵļ֮ʱѾأĪȥһӸټѧãĪĪ˻
һĪȥټѧãּ˰ټѧãλ൱񾳽˴˻̸ཻһŸ뿪ҲĪӵ񾳽֮һܵ
ǣˣȺΪʦɽɣĪӿ÷£ȫעͨɫǣһ䡣
Īӵ̧ͷеĪӵߣĪһɽȥ
һɽɽ϶ѻĻѩĪӾһʵ̫ˣԼû飬һʱѾˣֵصһ졣
ϸ룬ԼһҲȷ˲ٵ£Ϊ񾳽磬ѾҪܳ봿֮ˣԼīѾ˾ŵһˡ
Լһλѣʦȴˣһط꣬ȥڤӦǳ֮ʵȻûк˽֣ǲͬն
ЩĪӷ֣ȥһ꣬ԼûͦʵģҲΪÿ춼ԼԸоʱš
ȻרעĳʱʱǺܿġипһ䣬ĪӴǣӰصسС
һӰسǣĪӺǶ֣ӰأûȥôˣȻͬһЩףϲķΧȥȴ˲١
س֮д˲ãĪӺǾ͸еЩģֱ뿪سǣºӹȥ
صºӹļУĪӾ͸оеոĲͬΪأΪĸͼеСһҲ֪أܹ÷ˡ
ĪŶʱԺڵļ˶ĿĪӣֻֻɨĪһۣȻͿĪӵ
ˣʦҪһЩܹʦ֮ڤ֮ҲҪһȥݼһ񡣡Ժڼ˵Ŀ⣬Īֱӿ˵
Ҳԣ˼ˣȷæü߻û׼áĪɽԣ˵ͷȥһæµ
֮գʳ֮Уȴֱʱһε糯ȴȻûɢ
£ݻ뷷֮ףʳ߹صĽʿΪͷ­Ѫʬս֮뷷⣬Ƕ߹ؽʿӢο壬ҲǶǹĿ϶ʳڱ߹սĽʿԭ뷷һΣѾвսʿӢȴŻʳ뷷⣬Ե޹ʱݻ뷷⣬ضñ߹ؽʿĺ˻ʱ˼֮ϣһλϳϷ˻ʹ˵
ƴ˴Բӣ˻ʱµ˼ֻݻЩʿ뷷⣬Ĩɱǹ֮˵Щ彫ʿӢ꣬ǶĹǲĨɱģֻǶԽʿǵ뷷ݻһʱѣڳ֮УһͬСϳվ
ˣΪԹ٣Ļɸҵ߹غЩ߹ؽʿȥ˵ǻ᲻ͬ˵ǣλϳĻ䣬һλվ
ţҲվһλּԷĻȻңһǹལ֧뷷Ҫռݶ
ˣҪˣۿ潥һߵϷƴ֮ϣԵøߴ˻ʲ϶ʧϵ泯˲䰲
£Ѿݻ뷷⣬뷷⽫ʿٴκ˶һ飬©·ģ˴뷷ݻ˳ɣ˻ֱӶⳡϵԼľֱ˳


һʮ 
ĪӼҹʼʱҪһЩΪһ˶ڵȴ÷÷ʱѾ׵ĺˣĪһȴûʲôӰ졣
÷֮ʱĪɽ򸾺ĪࡢĪٴμ÷һǳļ
˼ˣϿĪɽվĶ÷˵ǵ÷һҵĴˣû÷ͲĪӣҲмı仯
үүĪĪҲϿ˹ȥ÷Сʱǳĳ谮СһļУһүүĽɫٴμ÷Сһֳ̱Լ׽
Īȴע⵽÷ڽŵһ̣ɫ֮ƺһ˿ɫڽ֮˴кɫȴѸٻָ糣
÷ǶĪɽ򸾵ͷȻܵԼСһͷûСһ÷Ҳ÷ǳС
Ȼڵĳ棬ĪҲûмѯ÷һ˿ǴӺҹأ˽ҹʲ٣Ǻܼ飬÷ȻҲԼ
һҹ徳ھ󲿷ֵطףأı߹ǰߣҲ΢һЩϲķΧΪʳȨĵ񶼣ͬǳ֣֮£ȴи˯š
ԼΪףԼĪɢ֮󲻾þ͵ۣȫȰ踸ʣϣܹջسھжȥ߹ؽʿӢ뷷⣬Щ֮⣬ѫҲͬ顭ǼϤĴʴ˫һۣϷ˻ţĻû˵꣬ͱϷ˻ʴˡ
ˣ˵ȥˣ˵Щ£Ѿ֪ˣԭԤ֮еˡ˻ʲ϶ʧϵ𣬵֮ȴһŨŨƣ˿Ρ
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Ϣ֮󲻾ãʳʽĹľ·˸ı߹أݻԱ߹սӢ뷷⣬Ҳһʵɡ

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Īӻһ䣬÷̾һ˵ʱﲻæΪʦҲϣǣУ龭ΪʦҲհݼ֮ʱ΢һϢ
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飬ĪڻΪ÷ҪͻʳһһʱѾĿǰȷľˣǾһʱô˱֮϶ʱǰȫġ
Īϵı飬÷ЦЦ˵ΪΪʦģΪʦѡ·зˣҲ˳еһе׼ֻЩΣˣΪʦµġ
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ĪӲ÷Ϣ÷ѾǻʳˣڻʳڲϢ϶ԼҪͨ
ֻھ˻֮ڻʱ䣬Ȼ˵˻֮У޵֮ǰǰݱĲûУΪʳĿ˻ʣҲӦܹŵް


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÷뿪һ֮Īͨټѧõȷ˻ʲΣϢ
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ĪӵĻɫȴͻȻĪ˵Īںͱ˵Цʳ뷷飬ܰ𹩷ڰҪ֮ʱܹΪ


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ţֶθɾһ㣬Ҫץסβ͡

ڰĽ̸ϢĽˣںߵеĻҲѾˡ
ŻϵľٶԱһǰľɫЩ֮ͬȴǰ֮ɫһ⾳
ϸƬ̣ͻȻҡҡͷȻ˫ץסеĻеĻһ˺ֱӽѵõļ˺ˣȻб˺ٵĻ׻мֵڿС
֮һҹһֱΪ˻βҽҸˣҹ˻һֱ˻ʵ߽ѣǰ˻ʵ޹
ʱ֮λҽҸ뿪˻ʵ޹ɫǳء
ͬһʱ䣬ʳķ֮ҹ֣֮â𲻶һƵҲͬʱ𣬽ҹ֮е񶼳׵ľѡ
˻ʹˣһ񶼵УеĳȫŻʹ֮жȥ
վϵıЩʹŷ֮е˵
Ϊ££


һʮ »ʼλ
˻ʼݱһ̣ľڣ֮ٴθ֣һӾ;˲ٵˣĪӵȻҲЩ֮һ
֮Уâ𲻶ķ֮ĪӿԸоʳȵڼһμķȣһθء
òǣ˻ʼݱ˰ɣĪ˻ʲΣϢѾһʱˣҹٴγϴ˻ʲ֮ʱĳĪֻ뵽һԡ
ϾʳѾȷ˻ʴ˻ʲ֮ʱŻʴʳķûгʲô⣬ܵľ˻ʼݱˡ
Ӵ֮óԼĵӡĪͨӡͨʳķȣһʱһ׼ȷĴ𰸡
˵һλʳ֮ʲôӰ죬طӰ첻СӰߣĪȴ̫ġ
һλʳ֮֮ʱɽ֮еһЩħ֣ðͷĶ౻˸ɾϵӣȻһЩµֿǣǵֻ򣬶ҾһðͷͻᱻӰڷǳİȫܱߵسǣҲͬǳȫ
Լʱ֮֮˸ķ֮âʼȶȻ󽥽ȥĪȴûдӷ֮Уõһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ڷ֮ȥ֮󲻾ãټѧøĪӴһϢϢݷǳĶ̣ܽĸ֡
˻ʼݱ
ȻʳûзųȷеϢ԰ټѧõϢԲĺһĪ֪徳ڿҪһʱˡ
֮еķ֮Ѿûھһʱ䣬Īţʱ䣬֪ʲôˣӦǺ˯ˡ
ڶ峿̫÷УĪӺڽһΣĪӺ˵淢ʲô£ֻҪǻ÷ۣÿϵλǱҪеġ
֮ѾѧһЩ֮Ҫһַֽ֮ķֽڻһЩϴķ֮ʱܹӳɹļʣͬʱҲĪڸڿΣͻȻ䣬֮ϵķ֮ٴγ֣һŷ֮ĳ֣徳ڡ
ʳһپʮҹʱ죬ͬѸȫһ֮ڣأϲ죬޴Ӽ򡣡
ʳһپš

һ飬ľڣ˶֪ʳ˻Ѿҹݱڽһ֮ڣ嶼ҪΪ˻ʴصֹеϲ³֮룬ҲҪһдӼ
Īӿ£ӦöΪ˻ʼݱϢը˹Ķˮ壬Ҳһ顣
߹ǰ߿ѹҪˣˮԲŹᣬȨ֮ʣ巢һƣհںݣҲܵһЩĪ뵽˽ܻᷢ飬ε˺ݵհףְ֮أںݿһЩĵطʱҲҪܵ
հ׵ܲнϸŵĻܵһ㲨ӦҲᰲȻ¡
϶ǵڿΣûΪղŵĲ̫ܵӰ죬еķ֮ʧ֮ĪӺܿͻعʼڿΡ
ȵ϶ǵڿν֮ĪӰʱϰߣųԼʶʼ̽ӰسǵرǱߵ
ʳãΪŨķ֮ĪƽʱȻʶ̽飬ʶ̽ȥΪΪᴥʳķ֮ҸǶſѪҺһơ
ʱ䣬λεӰȽϻԾ뿪٣ĪӶܹһЩ
죬һֱʱĪӶûп֮гΪ˻ʼݱԵʣʵвãǱصһЩ󻧣Ǹϵˣѯһ£ڽһڼ䣬ļɻЩҪЩ
ûԳӴЩˣɳӴģֻǸЩˣڻʳûо³̣һȥȵȴһЩʱգȵ³·֮һ֪ңͷβû¶档
˵ڻʳ˻ʼݱϢ֮󣬸صĹԱһһʣȻ󱾵صĴЧ£ʾ˻ʼݱİ
صĹԱҲһ氲ģֹȨӵʱʲôⷢλһʱЩԾ𣬽ȴƫƫûг棬Щ̫϶Էʱɡ
ĪڼעλԽԽڻʳǱߣȴڽһشĽӣǻʳ˻ȨĽӡ
һɫТһڳĴӵ֮£һ糯ʱĴ֮ǰ
ȻӴѾһʱˣ⴦糯Ҳ˿İʱ䣬ÿε糯ֵģٴ͵ĸоȴǸĲ֮ͬǰЩ̨ףҲƺڲͬ
ϣҪЩ̨ף߽ǼϤĴ֮Уƴ˻ʵȨ
ͽµĲӷǳĳȣһߵЩ̨֮ǰ̧̤˵һ̨ףоµ̨ףƺһ΢УһƵʶһЩвһ˷ܺͼеĸо
ȴûΪָоܵʲôӰ죬ǡǡ෴ĽŲÿԽһ̨ףϵʣƺøӳһЩֱ̤е̨׵ʱ򣬸ĳͻȻ֮ãǰͣƺøӸߴˣ·ĲлԼ͸һɻ֮
ߵǰ糯Ĵˣ˿ڴ֮ǰȴվŲٵӰķԣĿˢˢĿ͡
Щ˲ǻʳĹԱǴŵۣȻȻ͸һƮɵʣÿһϵϢ¶˿һ۸޷ǵΪ硣
ЩĿע֮£ͼһǰȥÿǰһ;͸оԼƺһѹͬʱоװֱ
Ϊ˻ʣԸΪı񣿡
Ϊ˻ʣܻƽ񣿡
Ϊ˻ʣΪտ񣿡

һǰߣһ̶ûͣ£ֱһһ̣ߵ˲ȻֹϵѹҲɢӰ١
ûлͷһǰ˴ߵλãƴ֮ǰת¡
μʣ߽֮еĳʱ׷ײΰݣЩϢƮɵˣҲ΢΢ױʾء
ڳΰ֮ʱ͸оһ˲䣬Լͻʳķ֮ϵޱȽܣһͷͨʳķȣڷַΧ֮ڵеһ¾еĺ顣
ûָо֮г̫ãͬʱڸлһЩϢƮɵˣлǽܹصǰ֤
˻ȨʽӣǵǻĴ䣬»ʵĵǻ䣬һ֮󣬺ѹ˻뷷֮ʱһͬС


һʮ 
»ʵǼǣûѸ£ǣҪȵʽ˵ǻ֮󣬲Żͨ塣
Ȼˣǹ»ʵǻϢǺܿ챻֪ˣĪһ֪ϢǷǳĿ죬ҲͨټѧõĪԼоġ
ͨӦ֮ܲϵĻָĪӾͲµ˻ʳѾһȨĽӣʳȵתƵһ˵ϣԻʳķ֮ŻٵĻָ
Īǰʷ̫೯ȨӵľĪӸҪ룬ܹµ˵ʳʱگ£ĪӹҪȵȻ֮󣬱Ͼڽһ֮У徳ڶҪֹκδ͵ף»ʵĵǻһҪе¡أҪȵһ֮
һµʱ֮УѾǻ»ʣҲǰ㶼вȨĽ֮󣬵ȴ齫һѣڻʴѾǰһʱ䣬Ҳ˵ȨӵӦѾȥˣڻʳڣӦò̫෴Ե
ǹˮ̫ͨˣ̶ȣǿóԵˡĪ̯֮Ưһεɫˮ飬ɫǳĵѾͨ嶼ǵɫˣƮ֮УͺһŵɫıʯǳƯ
ĪΪֹѧϰ֮УǹˮͨĿǰоѧĶûʶ֮е첻ĪӾãԼ֮ͨгǳ֮Ҳûа취ʱžûиʮϰ֮ƶĳ̶ȡ
ͨĹ֮Уǰһʱ䣬ĪӶСͨǱھ򣬶֣ͨĪһµʶ
֮˷ĵȼɷΪɷΨͨȴ˳ԭ֮һͨĪ⣬һЩܶԵеĸͨҲлΪ֮ЧһѴﵽ
һԭĪӾãͨƺڵҲͨʵˡ
ĪھԼСͨǱ֮ʱĪͨˮľ֮һ˿֮ƤëӶΪͻƵ񾳽磬ʱǹˮĹУĪӾȻŶͨĴһ˿ǳ֮ʶ
ΪΪ֧Ϊĩڡ
ĪӾãеĵ·ϣͨӦͻ˵֮ĩڣ֧ϣ׷ݱԴǱǵ֮ҲʧΪһ֧֮γһ;
ֲ֮ϣǰǿһҪ⣬ܹƳ³£˽һϵľУϵļǷܽͨĲΣڶͨµʶ֮Ī뵽֪ûܹһͨĳ̶ȡ
һεɫˮΣĪͻȻһģһεɫˮΣȻֻǾǹˮԣǺ֮ǰȣѾ񾳽֮УĪӲܹӦԡ
ǹˮ̽ʶԵıǻ壬֮ͨ꣬˵ꡢԪ񣬶ڿƵķΧ֮УټĪӵˮȻͻ񾳽֮ĪӲûк˶֣ԼڵʵĪ൱Ӳĵ
ͻȻ䣬ĪһеĵɫˮɢȥţһŰƮĪӵǰƮƮƮһֽ
ĪֽסֽȻĿ⿴ǰ۳һεİ̡
Īˣճ˸Ϣһ£ϣʱע⡣Ӱ𣬽Щʱվֹ죬Ƶûʳ֮ȷͣջʳֲ㣬ֻܰеܹһ
Ű۳ΣģǷҵһλ˵֮󣬱Ѹٵɢˡ
û뵽λ״úͰټѧǱҲˣĪüͷһĬĬ뵽
ͷ˰ټѧϢĪͻȻ֮ˣΪʲôҵλصذԼһˡ
Դ÷ڤ֮еϹٱܻʳ뷷飬ҲڤܻûЩ飬ضڱصļܣֻصĸáá
ԭҲʲô⣬ƫƫ˻ʼݱ»ʸյǻ֮ʱȻʳѾȶɻһЩ
Ϊ˻ʼݱ֮ʱʳȵĽͣòˮ֮ܵ˳ֱӸӸߵжԸ˵һصйԪǰ򣬶ܱߵĸأҲй۵ĳϻ
һӣӰйߣȻλ񾳽ĳţȷһ˲٣ټѧõļλλεʲô⣬صڴϢ֮ʱĪҲһ㡣
⣬Ϊ˻ʼݱԵʣˮ壬ʱڴȻû֮ûһ͹ۼǰߵƺֱƽʱһЩ
Ϣ֮⣬»ʵǻϢĪϵʽĵǻһ֮Уʱ򻹻һͬжȻʵ뷷⡣
ټѧϢȫһ֮ĪӷųԼʶҪλڸʲô
Īʶɨ֮ʱܿͷλڵλãӰصرڵķȥ
ڶԷ߽رפľӪ֮ĪӵʶͲ̽ˣϾһӪȻֻǧرѪɷȴǴڵģֲǿѪɷȻĪʶҲܹǿ̽Уһᱻ˲
ʶջأĪ룬һߵǣǷԸͽɽȥһºӹ壬Ϊʦļ˽÷ʱסһ¡
ǣʦԣûĪʲôԭֱӱͷӦתɽȥ
ǿɽӰĪ¶һĨЦݣǵΪڣĪӵϤĽ̵֮£Ѿ˲Сı仯ԸȻǱǰѾöˣĪҲڿһ£ʦ£Ϊ͵ĸоˡ
ȵɽ֮Īӵʶٴ̽رӪ֮ǻûãĪӾͿһر˳ȫ뱸һҪȥսӡ
һĻ÷֮еĪżǰһ㣬Χֱڿնգ֮뿪ɽ
עλĶôˣڸոսӵԼעһ¶Է֮󣬶ԷȻ춯黹ɵĿԡ
ͻƵ񾳽֮Īڿһ֮ǰ˺ܾõ飬ǾշС
ȻĪӲ÷֮Ҳûззƾˮľ֮գĪӿԲٿˮľԼΧԼ񵱳ֱӶɽʱֶһ
ķзȻٶһ㣬ôҲǷˣҲĪӽܵķΧ֮ڣʱûǿԵģȵպлĻĪҲϣܹһķ֮
֮УĪӿٵӹ˼ɽܿͽӽ˵λã⻹һξʱĪνľӰûڲľ֮С
ҿ㵽Ҫʲô


һʮ 
ľĪѧϰĵһҲĪõֱĪӶľ֮򣬶һľĪʹһֻΪĸо
ڵȻûб䣬ĪӵУѾʼѧϰľɱȵˡ
ԼΣĪӾ˵˿ûǷ֡
Ӱһǧرһ˴Լǧ֮ǧ˵ľӣҲǲСˣڵ·ߵĸ񣬿һĻԶԶƿЩɻ󣬲֪Ӱسʲô飬ҪЩسǵر
ӰԭֻһСأƽҲƽд·سǵرĻҲ࣬ԴйӰ֮رĻ͸ˣӰرصİգѾܳʱûпرôģĳˡ
ǧرĴ£һ·Ϫ֮ϣĪΪҪȹϪǰʱȴЩرͣ
ȫֹεӰ䱸һ£еرͣ½ŲվԭأȴϹٵ
ͣ׼ʱϢһ£˵ǵĿģһֱЩرԼεĪа뵽
Щرڣоʱ䲢̫˵ҪһƺҲڣȻسǵر񣬵Ҳûвô̵о룬Ҫͣĳ̶ȡ
ǵĿľĪͲЩرһ˵Ŀˡ
Ϫ֮Уٻʲô֣ԴĪ֮ͨҲû֮еԭ©֮ˮټ֮ܵܹĿĶֻһǾϪˮ
λƷ飬Īȴ̵ӡΪĪĿùԷԼǰԼʦ÷
ڵݵ޲һ֮λϪˮ񣬾ʹӴ伣ˣĪӶ·Ϫ֮ʱûϪˮ֮зֶԷټ
֮󣬿ǰʵϪŹӡһɷ֮ϵ·һ˲ߴ࣬ǰϪ˵Ϫˮ񣬻һ
ĪӿԸоλһϪˮ֮УʱϪ֮еĴ󲿷飬Ӧöܹ
֮һĹǰϪˮȻǾʣϪˮûҪһļ
һĻĪӲɵаЦ뵱÷ϣϪˮ֮ʱҲǰһûеõԷӦ𣬳òϤ
Ϫˮһ̣һ𣬽ȻɣϪˮͬû
ĪʵЩɣԴϴӰص֮ϪˮǲǾֱӷڤ֮УҲûлϪֱΪֹĪȻϪ֮УоκϢ
λļƣȻϪˮϪ֮ǳƶҲʦڵġ
˵һΣϪˮ񣬻һ̡οڵʱҲЩʧȥˣ֮ѾһЩ⡣
һεĽȻһϪˮûκҪ˼
ãǱپ͵ˣɫһ䣬еĹӡ֮ϽֱӶ˷֮
ڽ֮УĪӿϪˮ˲䱻ȾһƬɫԼһ㷨֮ˮ֮ϸ֣Ȼǰˮ֮Уһ˸ŽӰĸ˳Ϫˮ
ȻϪ֮ڣϪˮ֣ȻѾ֮УĪӻǾöһ㾪ȣλϪˮ֪ʲôֶΣܹصôãԼôˣȻûзֶԷټ
ˣٳ룬κһֱֻܳ²ˣˮϵϪˮ˵
ʲôϪˮԣĿ⿴һۣЩرƽĿڵ
ӰصһȻΪӰصİգһμ룬Ӱط˳ܹӦ¶һ˿΢Ц˵
ŶǲҲӦҪر׼ǿҴӦϪˮԣʵ
Ȼ飬ܰ𹩷ôҲӦôӦǣţӦòܾЦſڣ˼ȴöϪˮԽԽˡ
ֻ밲ȵĴϪ֮УΪǶ㲻Щ£Ϫˮ̾һԭΪǸˮ԰ȵĶЩǷǷǣԼֻһƷСӦû˻עԼû뵽ͷ鷳ˡ
һ£һѳ̳ϪˮУ𣬵ָŶϪˮĿڡ
ս
һ䣬еĵһӣһɫĹâһֱƿķնȥ
ӭУɱε䱸״Ӧԣб˲ʣӳһѪɫĵӭƿնһͬʱһս
ɱЩرͬʱһһѪɷ˲ۣΧѸſ
ҵս֮һŷǳʵõܾΣܹʹãǧһս˲öϪˮϵðһܵ˲Сĳ
ϪˮΪ飬ܰ𣬰ȴ㣬ձٱסʬλز͵飬ɻʳ䡣һԵڣйӡٴι֮ͨʼЩر׼һͬסϪˮ
һֱڰеĪЩϤĻоһӦЩڶԷȥ÷۵ʱѾ˵һΣԭǰѴñӿü÷ͷϵģֻǱĪֱӶ˳ȥܵϪߣⶥñӿϪˮͷϡ
ڻʳȵѹ֮£ѾʼЩ֧ˮĪͻȻðһ뷨׼λ¡
ԷĿϪˮ񣬶ҿҪסϪˮ䲻֪⵽ΪΣĪȴ׼׵ĴĿġ
ն
Ӱε䱸гһӣ㼯ΧѪɷһնһʮ׳ѪɫƾˣϪˮնȥ
ϪˮҲǳıֻһƷ飬ѪɷӰ֮£ֶζʹãͬʱŻʳ֮ѹƣµϪһʱ䶼ѹסˣˮһʵֻܷӳһ룬ʵǱ
ϪˮҪ㿪ȴ֮ƣֻƾʵӭӣ̺Ѫɷһô׾ܹӵġ
ϪˮЩʱͻȻµϪˮ΢΢һ۳һˮǽǰ
䵽ˮǽϣȻմˮǽķȴ˲٣ﵽܱĳ̶ȡ
˭ڰңһĻϪˮﲻףڰаԼ
ôܹʩչʱȴһô̳ԸһƷ飬ԭӦһֵ£ȴû뵽ԷȻôʱܹʩչ


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ԼʮþȵһȻûϵε䱸Ҳе΢Щ⡣
⣬ȴӰΪһ죬սܷģһΪ֮Ƕġ
ɱ
ûκԥһս𷢶ϪˮϽɫ˲˲١
ʵλӰε䱸䱾ΪԣȫϪˮĶ֣ڳУڰĪ֮⣬ۼûϪˮĶ֡
һĽ죬ûдŶٱܹӳս͵бϵ
ڷ֮Ѫɷ˫£Ϫˮʵѹһ룬Ҫ߶û취ǸղĪӰͱסˡ
ٴγһսϪˮҲһеĵȫԼӳһɫɫĵȻһ֮󣬾ȻŶ˳˹ȥ
ķرǱ߶ȥˣӰȴڿһתֱֱۣȥ
ϪˮǰҲ䱸ʱرĸǰûʲôãԼΣգĿ굱Ȼѡ
ֻҪܹ𣬶ڽս֮ϪˮǷǳŵģһϣţЩ佫ǿߣδܹһʤΪ֮󣬾µĴĥϰĽ
ͶԼϪˮȴǲŲæ϶һĨЦݣеĹӡʤֱǰγһС͵ķ֮
һ̣Ϫˮ񣬾ͺһֻͶҰޣȻͣû̫вġ
һҪңһϪˮһĨȻǰС͵ķ֮ǺԥײȥΪڶģİаˣҪͷԮֻ֣нǰ𣬲ܴӱ֮Ϫߡ
Ϫˮһͷ֮ͬʱϪˮ֮ϣϪˮٴһӿȻһƬʮ׸ߵ˳ͷ·һŴһ㣬Ű£Ʋǿڰߵ˶پ߱һв
Ѿˮˣȴûѡˣǲŷ֮Ϫˮεסûµˮˡ
֮סϪˮгݺݵǰ䣬ͬˮˣһֹ಻֮Уϧһȴ޷ǰķ֮Լ׵С
ʮ׸ߵˮ£ߵˣֻһɴͷϮλε䱸ŸոսϪˮղŷǵָر任ƣˮ˾ѾһӾͱɢˡ
ˮȻ߱вȴҲ̫ǿȻЩر䣬ûܵʲôصơ
ӰصҲǳǱµˮףϵѾʪˣˣȻƴĵ֮Ѿڷ֮ϪˮεĿסѡ
ڰĪһĨɫû뵽ȻϪˮôִţԸƴԼǱһСˣҲһҪϴˮס
ҪҪϴˮĪ΢Щԥˡ
ʱĪٳ֣ǾûڰıҪˣҪ潻档
Īӵǲĺ潻棬վĴִаϪˮ£Ҳκε⡣
飬ǵڶʳ뷷ģʳ뷷ģֻҪ飬϶ǱϵģΪǶΪ׵ˣЩײӦΪʳĸĨɱ
ʳ뷷飬͵ڶʳ뷷֮ĳͻ֮ĲģⲢʳ᳹׵ĶԸǰ顣
ԵĻʳϣܹЩ£ԼӪŴǰ׵߽⡣
Իʳǰ뷷̬ȣһ㶼£Ϊܹģȡβ̬ܵȣʳ鷳ģŻȡֶΡ
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Īȴ֪λ˷ѾĻҪҵһ飬Ŀĵʲô
ԭ÷۵ı֣ĪΪڴ̽÷Щʳıܻ֮ԷڵΪܲ벻ֻ
Ϫˮ񣬾λΪıΪ飬ٽվͽѹȴʳ䡣
Īԥ֮䣬ٴһȻӣֱеĹӡϪˮѹ
ĪӿһĻ˾ѡ񲻳֣ĪҪĿľʲô
ȻѾԸԳץסϪˮôλˣӦûᾡԼж
ֻҪ֣ôĿĵʲôĪҲȻܹ֪ˡ
ܶԷĿʲôҪжĻӦҲ⼸ʱ֮ھͻжΪӰʱ򣬴ԪӸйֻ֮ʣ񾳽ĳϣѵʱ
ЩǱرö飬Ȼתͷ׼ӪĪӼȥ׼ʱڣضסλȷԷʲôʱԼܹһʱ䷢֡
˴رĶصӰس֮䱸رص˾Ӫֱӻص֮С
ڵķ֮ĪҲûа취ܹýȥֻͣˣĪӲû뿪һԤУȵϵʱӦþͻջ
Īһֱ֮ȵҹĻ٣ӰسǵĳŹرգȻûʲô
ֱҹʱ֣ĪӵʶͻȻоһӰĵشú󷽵С˳ȻţĪӸоһɷ֮չȻղʶ̽鵽ӰĪӵʶ֮ʧˡ
ֲôˣȻû̽鵽⣬ԭȻ÷֮ڱʶ̽顣Ī𷨼ڴϢ֮ʱ˵޹ʶ÷֮
ӰѾĪӵʶ֮ʧˣڷ֮£ӰҲͬʧﵽ˳ЧĪóԼĵӡŹ֮ͨҪѰټȴ˿޹
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΢˼һ£ĪٴνʶųӰس֮ڣ۲س֮ÿһĶ
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Īʶ֮Уسκεķ紵ݶܹԺܿͷһЩ
һֵϣ滹ûüɨͻȻ䷢΢΢α䣬·ʲô̤һϸȥȴκζ̤ǰһҲͬ·˲̤ˡ
ţҵˣϸ΢ı仯Īǰһ


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ҹӰسŹرգҪȥȽϼ򵥣ҪϢκ˾ͳȥͲô׵ˡ
ĪӲ֪ôȥģȷһ㣬ǾǶԷȷ״̬£ûоſسǵرȻ뿪سС
ĪŴʶΧɨɨûзκ֮ܵ߰ĵطȻֵطǴڣҲûô׻ᱻҵͱ¶ˡ
ܶԷôȥģĪҲ뿪سǣòٴҵԷĪӿɲôˡ
ΣĪֻóԼĵӡͨһ˿֮ĵ˳ͷڲسǵر£ҹĻڣƮƮĴӳǽԾ¡
֮УĪȻǴ˷֮óǽر̷Ӧ
˴˷֮սһ˲䣬ͷϾһɲŨѪɷǽһ⣬ΧʼѰ
ʱĪӵ·ĳſ𣬡λ˼ҹǰţܷи㣬򿪳ţҽȥһ£
ųǽǽϵĹâķȥȻͿվڳſڵĪӣسǵر˲ϳĪӵݡ
ԭĪ֪ҹǰҪ£ش֮£ջʳȣҵȿԿõǣô£ҪҹΪҵȣмʱҪˣԽʱǣǽϵرڿĪ֮һȻ̶ĪӺ
˵׽סϪˮصǰЩżˣˣҾȻȥȵˡĪɫ΢ЩʧĶųǽϵر˵
ҵسְ֮ʵڲʧְл½⡣ǽϵرԣһ
ȻӰһйۣԭĵĪӰźܸߵس֮Щľӣǳǽϵһ棬ǳλĪְ֣֮ڣԸи㡣
ųǽϵرͷĪתߣܿ뿪˳ſڡ
ãһǣӦѾԶˣҹҪ޹ˣĪﰵһ£ҿһֱװҪǵӣûرŪʲô󶯾
Ҳ͵͵ǣӡӦûдϣԼܹɻء
׼Ǵȣʹӳ͵͵ȣߵʽȻͬǰߴڻ͹ȥˣɻ鷳
뿪˳ſ֮ĪӰûڲľ֮䣬Ȼһƶ
س֮УλصӰ̫ףǳ˳֮ĪȴͨΧĲľٵķټ
ܿ죬ĪӾ͸оӰһ֮ͣ·ڵȴʲô˵ĵĪҲٵǴ֮С
ҹ˾Ƭľïʢ֮Уǳľף˭Ҳ뵽Ƭ֮еһȻεˣͬʱ
Ī֮󲻾ãͻȻ֮Ͳһ˿Ĺ֣һźӰƮƬ֮УٵĻΡ
ȻĪӿźӰ̾ϳźӰݣǵ޲ݵ֮ʱվֹλ񾳽ޣԷǸܹʹڶ޻ƿ״Ī̵ӡ
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Ļһ䣬ӰƾճˣһϮۣƺҪԼҹĻΪһ塣
㻹ļϢŸոո㣬ôͰϪˮץסˣѾȲҪΪһˣǸ񾳽Ĺ޿ֳεдһ˿ϷʵĿڵ
ٺǺΪܹΪ飬ѾǰˣѲɱٻҪ
񣿡ڰеĪ˵ĶԻüͷ΢΢塣
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ڶʳѾʧȥ˼ĻȨзֶΣҲҪãλĿ΢΢
Ѳıʲô£λ֮УŷǳҪĽɫԲܹԷ÷£ĪţַԼ뷨ҪĻԷץϪˮʲô
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ҪʲôǲŻطңԷĻ֮Դһ˿еʵ
ڹٳ֮л켣˴뱲ӣ֪ûа׳ԵͣԼʱɱһ˿Եǡ
ǺǣȻҪ㸶һЩۣڣΪ֮󡣡λ񾳽Ĺһ˵ţһóһ򣬻ַɳ͵ǰ
סƮԼǰм¼ԼϢһ̣ͻȻһЩˡ
İɣҪЩʲôֻҪ֮΢ߵһ㣬¼ø֪ø˶ܻһΪĻᣬ˶ѣƺĳɣ񾳽Ĺٴο˵֮Ѿһ˿˿ƻζ
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ôۻ𣿡񾳽Ĺ޷һ䡣
ۣȷˣͷĿٴοе򣬿һ䡣
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Ǹʱֻܶڤڶʳ֮ͥУֻŻΨһȫĵطĴۣȻ㹻ˡ
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ʩչطƺЩһᱻ˲ģ
񾳽ĹޣȻ֪ڵʲôǺĿڵģʱ㾡Լ£ȻǰӦ֤ܵš
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Ļû˵꣬˼ȴǳȷ
ߣЩΪڤͥ飬ȴΪͥЧҪ⣬Щ飬Ҫúôһ£ͥϣش֮λ񾳽Ĺޱ㲻ͣ廯һźƮˡ


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ĪǽӴһҪĽɫ⣬ڸղһһĽ̸֮УĪӴһܹһЩˡ
طҪͨһطһ˲뷷ͳΪһ顣Īڴ֮ǰû˵طӸղǽ̸ĻУط֣ĪӾܹ²µطá
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ڴ֮ǰϵĿ꣬ȴ÷
һ뵽ĪȻĿѾλ񾳽ĹޣȴѾתȥɱġ
һط֪ӶĶڱʩ֮һʲô³ԷȴԼʦͷϣĪܹɱġ
ǿѹͷɱ⣬Īӽĸ񾳽޵ĺ棬ŶԷӰسԽԽԶܿ͵ӰغܱһسǵĽ֮ȻٶȲ
ڵ֮ĪһֱŶԷ񾳽Ĺ޾һɽ֮ͻȻ֮ʧˣһϢҲû¡
飬񲮣ĪаڸղŶԷʧ˲䣬ĪĲһĨϢӰأѾץϪˮ񣬾ֻʣ°һˣĪʶķӦ뵽
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Ҫһǣ¸߸úͰټѧãôλϵĻʳɡϾͲٱˣĪӾܹ޹˼ɵĶˡ
ĵ뿪ﷵɽ·ϵʱĪӾֽͨ״ֱ֮ӽϢ˰ټѧãΪȷϢܹ׼ȷִĪȺʹֽ״顣
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ĪӵĲԶͬ÷£һŷʣϰǡ
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ˣ˯Ļ𣿡
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ĪӿɢỊ̇ڰټҵ۲ȻڴϢ֮ʱİˣֽ״ȷҪöࡣ
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ͷһԼеݹĪӴһݣɵðԵ˵ͷرǿõĴӡϲɵ¶һ˿Ц⣬ݹ֣ĪӾͿ𣬶һ
Īյͬһʱ䣬ӰصҲͬõϢԼϾҪְˣӸѾ·ˣܹܿϵ
ԭ΢΢Щڵϣɫһ̱ɷףȫ·һ˲䱻ˡ
㶵Ƭ֮ϵɫͻȻɰת죬˫֮»ָһ˿ɣȻվץһԵĹӡȥ
һ߳ãִӻȡһöȻö˵پˣһһ
һ䣬ٵſٵسȥո̤ſڵһ̣߾һ
£ǶѾźˣԪϵǱлϹģˣҲڽ֮ǰ޷ϵйʣµ񾳽ʿҲصģ˵ɽȥһˣˣܲܳɹҪԼˣ
һ˵꣬ԼдҲû⣬ԭֻһεĶҪΣͷʹãѾԼʹ
ſڵرԭǣҪ費Ҫ˸ţȴߵٶȾȻǳ죬գۼ뿪˳ſڡ
֣ôһ˳ȥˣɫ˴æسǵرЩɻ뵽ͬʱţҪҪ䱸˻㱨һ
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ʼõĹУźӰ಻ԶֻǿһۣջԼߣԼĲá
ܿ죬Ƭյ֮ϣͱѪҺһЩģеķĿ̻һ̣ɫ±ЩɷףֻһΣӦýѪɫ
²˳٣˿ʼɣֵܻţ֤ܹ񣡡ۼǰڵĲѾˣһֱһߵźӰеĹ޿ڡ
ԺɵĵͷʱҲûκγɵıҪˣ̧ȱ߽ЩѪɫ֮С
ʼɣһٴ֮дһ˿Ȼζ


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ĪӽеĹպãȻ»صĸߣͿĸҲ÷£һĿǻȻĪҲĸٵķȴûڸĸǰۼǻ˶ʮȤ
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Īӵĸĸ֪ڵ׷ʲô£ȻʱЩģȴ֪Լʲô¶ˣΨһľǰĴҪĪûк֮ǣȥæԼ¡
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Ϊһ̣֮ϵ̫ͻȻһڱˣؿһƬڵ֮ĳһڼѪɫĹâΧɢһɲϢ
һĻĪһתͷһߵ˵ǣɽΪʦ֮ǰǧҪȥ
һ䣬Ī̧ǰһΧĪѪķȥ
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ոһţĪָо˼ϢͣЪԼ
һĪӷֹԼ⼸ϢȻǼֻݵ޻꣬ϵϢ꾳ĲΡ
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ʱĪѾ䵽˵ϣûлĿīȣһУ֮еȾͷ˻
񾳽Ĺޣʱ¾£Ҳһƿ״ķĪ˵ЩСˣñƳĽ㵽ж
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񾳽Ĺ޿һĻһʣµ޻һһӵϣĪȥ
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Сͨˮľ廪ԼЩ޻꣬Ī˲ʩչԼСͨĪվ֮ΪģԲ֮ڣͻȻ֮һƬľۡ
һСˮ֮кɻҡҷΧ׺Ļľۼ
Īվһʻ֮УһЩ˽޻꣬Ƭĵһʱ䣬ڵĹͿʼɢû˵Īӵߣͳ׵ɢˡ
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񾳽ĹһʶԼߵһ壬˵ֹĪˣһֲã˵Լ춼Σա
뵽ɵһ˿⣬ʵĶ֣ӲӲǿһһۣЩԥˡ
취֧һɣֻҪסƬ̣ȵطɹҾͿˡţλ񾳽Ĺûѡ롣
ϵĺ𣬲֪ʹʲô֮УγһͷһĪӵķ˹ͬʱŸղöɫĻ״һתĺڹ⣬ֱĪӡ
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ˮκͺڹӴһɲǣͻȻ֮оԼ͸ղȥķ֮䣬˲ʧȥϵ
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ܣʶģ񾳽Ĺޱת׼ܣͬʱûǴԼƿ״֮Уٴηų׼赲Īӡ
⼸أȴ޻ˣʿꡣ
Īӿ⼸ʿ꣬ϵıһ䣬һū֮꣬㲻ã
һĪ̾ͳСͨķΧ֮⣬Ȼֱ忪˼赲ٵ׷񾳽޵ߡ
ǰĪ֮һŵɫˮγ֣񾳽޾ֵĿ֮УĪĵˮαƿϹķ䵽ϡ


һٰʮ 򵥴ֱ
һεɫˮΣƿԼϵĹλ񾳽Ĺޣ̸оһٵľָС
ָоֱĻƺսҪ㿪ȴûжܵĻᣬֻĿһεɫˮûԼڡ
˲䣬񾳽Ĺ޾͸оһɿµԼڱٶѸޱȣڵһʱ䣬Լÿһ
ڵĻֵʶҲһ˲ͱģʧȥʶһ˲䣬һεɫˮΣз·̺޾ǺӣΣա
ǰ񾳽ޣĪӻջƣôĿ
ôľ룬ĪӿĸоĻ΢΢ĲƺѾʧȥʶϵĹҲʼΧƮɢ
֮޵岻ٲɫѾȾ˵ɫϵĹʼٵˣţĪӵǰ׵鿪㵭ɫĹƮɢ
Ʈɢĵɫ㣬ĪҲ΢һ⡣һʹǹˮԵУȻͨģû뵽ڵһʹãһɵһͬĹޣ⻹ͨջȽǳ¡
ǹˮӵ̽ʶ֮ͨ£ֻǼ򵥵Ļ飬ûֻصĻᡣ
ɫĹܿʧĪҲܿ췴Ӧٵʰ˵ϵսƷȻعǼʿꡣ
Ǵڱū״̬ǣ־ƺҲЩѣվЩ֪롣
ĪȽ⼸ʿ׼ȵ֮Ȼٴǡ
·ĹޣĪӾͼŹâķȥ
ʱ˿̣Ƭ֮Уϵ޷ԶһƬںĹâ֮Уڹâ룬ͬڹâģбѹŵһŽ⣬ԼԿһӰϪˮˡ
ڣϪˮȻڱѹƵ״̬ǳףԼҪԵʲôԷҪȴûа취û취ѳ
ɣνˣλɣôãȴûκγɼ˵ʺһ飬ɡϪˮ˵ʱϵɫѾ׵Ŀˣ˫֮͸¶ɣȴֻʣ˼ᶨ
ҪΪһˣȻƣӴ˳ϣ顣
Ѫͺڹһ𣬲ϪˮϣϵøӰܿͳ׵ıѪͺڹ⸲ˡ
Ϫˮֳ˿ĿϵѪͺڹ⣬һڣһֱͷ֮˳Ŷͷϵĸʼ鱾Դ
ܿģϪˮȫ£ֻʣ˶ͷ֮ɢ΢⣬·ڵֿš
ٵֿˣλң飬ǾȻûзֿϪˮ¶һ˿֮ɫּӴ׽Ϫˮü΢ѹ¡
һ˲䣬Ѫͺڹһ𣬰һĨ⣬Ϫˮü֮г˳˲ûڡ
Ĩڵһ˲䣬¶ϲɫͬʱһԵλޣʱ˵ͷͬʱŵϴһڹ⡣
طһѾˣѾϪˮıԴ˳ΪҪĲ裬ΪãҲǳڴܹɹ
ںɫâѪɫâİ֮УȻ̱֮ȥȴںڹѪİ֮У֮˳
Ѫͺڹӳ֮£ĿһĨ⣬֮лƶ
޿ǰһĻһȫĿת´ʲôϸڡ
ڴʱһεɫˮΣϢĴһ޵ϣ˲䣬ûʲôĶҲûзκεĲҽУ޵ͱ˵ɫգ֮鿪
һ޵ķӦǳѸ٣һĻĿգͬʱ˲뿪ԭء
̧ͷյһ̣ͿһˣֳһɫȣΧɫֻĴ֮Ʈ¡
Ī֮󣬹޺ɱܡ֮еĹޣΪֻ꾳ѣһ񾳽ĸ֣Ϣͽ֮еһﻹҼڴͣ˵
ڹؼʱ̵𣬹ﻹ˵סԼСҪ
ߵĹޣĪеīȷɳһɫĹâɿĻޣһ֮޵Ļ
֮ǰĪеޣ޵³ǺõˣڣȥֻصĻᡣ
һ˲ͽޣĪӽĿתѪͺڹ봦𣬿ŶԷ꣬Ѫͺڹİ֮УȻѾʼ͸һĨ⣬ת
һУղŷɳȥī»صĪӵУȻеڵһ㣬һȵ䴦ɢţ֮еĲľȫһ㣬ĪӵĲ£̽Ѫͺڹ֮С
̽ѪͺڹеĲľڽֹâһ˲䣬̱ڹѪ飬ûܽӴ
Īüͷ΢΢һ£һѪͺڹ⣬ƺŲҪϴе𣬺е鷳
ĽɫѾԽԽŨˣƺɹѾԶˡ
Ǿü򵥴ֱһİ취ĪţͻȻһ֣еīȸ߸ߵīڵһ߶֮ͺݺݵŵ¡
䣡
һ촫Īܹо΢Ĳһ£īֱҵƬյ֮ڵҳһӡ
ȻƫˣĪӿӳĴӣԭĿֱӾѪͺڹ⽻֮û뵽īµʱ򣬻Ǳâһ㡣
˿ڹâ֮еȴֵĽû뵽Īʱ֣ԭ˵ˣȥ赲Ī𣬿Ϊʲôܹ
нرǿĪеǸһαĪʱôϣʱܹ˳ֹһ£ƾطķԳŲסڶ¡
ϧƾεĽʱҲûܹվֵһµīȡ
оٴδУĪ¶һ˿ЦݣΪһΣīûٱһ˹â֮Уһ죬Ѫɫͺɫâ˲ɢ
ڹâɢһ˲䣬Īһǰץһ΢΢͸һɫ꣬˲ͱץУꡣ
ĪӣӰ㾹ȻҶԻʳԱ֣췴𣿡ĪӵУȻ֪ԼӦ군ˣȴȻĵĪнš
ǺǣʱԼǻʳĹԱˣ¶ʱôûʶһ㣿Īӿ꣬΢΢һ˵


һٰʮһ Ҳ
⣬⣬ǻʳĹԱܷʲôȻлʳᣬֻһ٣ûȨñ١ĪӵĻץеһʱ֮Ҳֻ˵
ŶҾһʸģ㿴ĪԣϵЦݲ䣬Ƿ⹫˳ǰ̯
ڣˣ㻹кλ˵ȵöԷ֮Īӽֻ΢΢
طĪӴˣ꣬ƺѾһ֮ԣǿȱͨ˵Ҫ˲١
𿴵ݹݣ֪ԼˣĪдҲеЩƺǰĪӣʳ䣬Ҫĸо
ĪˣԸ־ܣɻʳá̽е
Ѿסˣʲô־ܵ˵÷ۣҴʦ⣬Ӧöĺ׼ǡĪҡҡͷнһӴѾɱģĪӲ׼ѶԷʳ䣬ֱֱӸɵԷһ˰ˡ
Īеѹ£΢΢ŽɫУûбںϵ鱾ԴƺҲ˷ӦϵĽɫ𲻶
ۼԼҪɢˣЩʵĺٲʲôЩ飬ռλãΪȴô٣Ϊβȡ֮ٳ飬ܹ츣һգҪøá
ĪĽȴͻȻЩ˶Էˣо΢һЩЦ
Ĵ֮һҲУϧվֻǴ㵽ǸλãδĺáĪӿе˵
֮ǰĪӾ˽λһľֻƽӹʱĪӾ룬Էʲôԭ򣬲Ż;ҪߵͷʱͻȻôĵӣѡЩǰĹ޺ˣﲻƽⰡ
ڻʳĹٳ֮һҲһЩԱȻ뵽Լһɣ˿Ҫ֮ʱһλã
ʱвƽ뵱ЩͬţܹԼΪʲôУԼΪ飬һܹúá
ĪǰһЩһִȤ˵ܽһ£֮һҲУ
İЩ˷ŵǸλϣвУǾĺ˵ˡ
ĪҲûκϻȤеǿ˲ǿ̾ͽˡ
걻Īһ˲䣬һĪӵָ˲ǰԶûһѾҪʧĻ֮ڡ
ϪˮĪӿǵʼȶĻ壬뵽
ϪˮҲǸԭıԴ³ֻһ·ĪӼʱϵҸɵ鱾Դ»صڣǱסһ
ֻ鱾ԴһЩҪܾãܳ׵Ļָ
ĪӿٵĴɨսͬʱʬ壬֮ǰҲڻָϪˮһߣϪߵʱĪһ䣬㽫ԷϪ֮С
Ȼλܹ÷ĪӶȴû̫ĶУϾʱԷ˵ġ
ϸ˵ϪˮҲûʲô£ԷͻϪ֮УĪ˵ֻһ˳ֵ¡
ϪˮϪ֮еһ˲䣬ĪͻȻ˶Էǳ
л֮պ
ĪӻͷһϪҲû⣬ת뿪ˡ
ʱӰϿգڱƻûɢȥĪȻܹоӰصһйĴڣǸطй۵פء
ȥɣ΢˼һ£ĪӾȥйǱ߿
й֮Уֻ񾳽ĳ򣬵ΪһʵСţֻ񾳽ĳ򣬵ҲᱻЩ޹ơ
Ϊй۵ھӣĪǾȥһҪԼæҪԮ֣ĪҲģ˳Ҳܹһھ֮Ĺϵ
ܿ죬ĪӾйڵɽȣոյĪӾͿй۵ķѾˣй֮ǰм޶ȴûκι˼
꾳Ĺޣһ񾳽ĹޣԣҪһ飡й֮ǰļޣĪӸտʼ΢Щɻ󣬾ޣӦò񾳽ʿĶ֣ǵоһϢ֮ĪӾˡ
ĪڿǼ޵ͬʱǼҲͬĪӣжʱһһ񾳽ĸ֡
ɽ÷Īӣй۸λһ֮޵ע䵽ԼϣĪӲŲæīȣϴһ˿΢Цһ߻ǰͬʱ˵
йеĪӵ񾳽ĳ϶һۣȻһЩɲĿڵʱ᲻թ
ҵҲһ棬Щ޶ǰѾһ޹ˣǰĵһӦУй۵͵Ȼ޴ˡȳȥ󷨣թҲɱйһ񾳽ĳ룬˵
ҲãСģ
й۵񾳽糤ڽ̸ļޣʱȴѾ̲סҪĪӶˡ
֮УλΪﵽ񾳽ĹޣΪѾﵽ񾳽ڣڿĪֻ񾳽ڵΪ֮ԼܹĪӣǾ׼й񾳽ĳϻûȽİֽ
ɸ׼֣񾳽Ĺ޾˰Ĵսˣ׼ɣǱӦʧˣطѾֹͣˣ
ʲôôľȻʧˣҾ˵Ӧѡ񾳽ĹްһȻ˻ڻǰеĪһֹۣס꾳Ĺޣ׼뿪
׼뿪ʱڼ޵ߣȴһľǽסǵȥ·
ҸλͼҪߣҪкĪӵһͬģǴɫĹâХīȡ
񾳽ڹ޿ĪӾȻͻ֣Ȼгһ׹ǰӭĪӵīȡ
ĪӵīȺеİ׹ǰײһ𣬽īȵ˻ûռʲôˡ
ȻҲܣĪһ֮ͬо˳Īӵʵףʵͬߡ
ղΪĪһ˿˲ɢ׼
Īӿŵɶصīȣ׼ֽססī֮ǰһȴȻīȣɵһߡ
ᣬ񾳽ڵĹ̷ɿߣ֮꾳ĹޣҲͬ
Īоһָ֮һξӨˮΣǳ貣ĿȴߵĹޣǰһƬ֮С


һٰʮ 
һξӨǳˮڴĪָɳ֮󣬱û뵽ǰһƬ֮С
ţһڽ֮еӰ΢ЩǱģֳ֮һëʣëʵıʸϣһǳ۵Сӣϻһǳ֮Űǳ֮ûɢȥ
񲮣Īӿ֮еӰû˿ԥϣһֱŰ񲮴ȥ
񲮴˿̴֮һ߶㿪Ī⣬һ߿һԼëϵСӣһĨ֮ɫ
еһëһƷĹ򣬲Žĳ̶ȣ뷨Ҳֻʣһ֮ңʱ䣬ҪӺˡ
ֶΣ
Լ֮⣬񲮸Ӿ̾ģȴĪӸղʩչֶΣһˮ飬ȴӵǿ͸ԼԼ
ǰѾԼԽԽĪӣϽɫͻȻø貣ѾĴݶ£ʼڿдһӲӵĴ֡

ʻһɣӲӵĴ̻һ⣬һ״ĪӴȥ
ĹĪֱһľӭȥͰ񲮷Ĺײһ˴Ρ
ѱϣҰΣ񲮵ͻȻ𣬲йĶȴ˿ûͣ
ıƵǣıƻˣҪƨˣδһ̫˰ɡĪһ˵ţָٴεһˮ
һμ򵥵Ľ棬ĪԼףȻֻƷ飬ǳΪʱܳ񾳽һ֮Уǿߣûˮ֮ǿֶΣĪӾԼδǰ񲮵Ķ֡
ԣĪҲͲ˷ǸʱˣֱһóˮԸ񲮡
Īһʹ˸ղŵֶΣֻоԼƤֱѾΪܾãѾ۵൱ˣڸղźĪӵĽ֮УҲоĪӵʵȻҲӮԼһ㡣
ǶڸղĪʹõˮȴǷǳļɵССһˮ֮УȻ̺һɿ񱩵ǳ֮Լⶼûеסһ£ղſ¾Ҫˡ
ٴοξӨˮΣȫûҪӲӵĴ㣬еıʣʼڿһӲӵĴֹ֣߷ֶΣͼ赲һˮμٵԶԶݣѾ׼ˡ
׼ߵİ񲮣Īüͷ΢΢һ£ԷʵףһҪߣԼĺ
ʱйһλ񾳽ĳó̾ͿĪӺͰ֮Ľ֣Ű׼룬λй۵񾳽糤ʶľͳһ¡
ߣһй񾳽ĳǰһǽס˰񲮽ŲһתɫâԲɳֱŰ񲮴ȥ
һ£Ӱòͣתֵй۳ϵĹ
ոսϵĹ£ţ񲮾͸оһĲһ֮Ĵֲֿ־еģȴһεɫˮΡ
ˮνϵ⼸ûκεã˲ͱˮδ͸ˮ䵽ϡ
֮ǰĪ֮ͨµĹ޲ͬ飬ҲһƵ飬Ȼλߣл۵ĺöȷʵ١
ǹˮ֮һһɫһɫâζֶͬʱˡ
âһ˲䣬񲮵ӰٶȻ֮ӿ죬һ׹İ֮У֮Զȥˡ
飬ϹȻвٱ֮ǹˮҲûκεĪӿڰ׹֮Уʧİ񲮣Щź뵽
֮ǰʹǹˮľĪӶԼͨģ԰񲮣ǹˮͨȴûܹԷ¡
ͨ㣬Ҷͨջ̫ǳ۳ǹˮô㰲ű֮ҲһܹסԼǹˮûܹ£ĪȻЩʧȴҲףԼ⡣
лĪǰй۸мĪлЩйλ񾳽ĳϵȴĪӵĶǳơ
ԷĪ̱㷴Ӧתй۵ĳϣЦſ˵ѿˣھӣԪӸһЩ޸ҳûΪھӣȻԹۣ
Ѹ壬һ𣡡Īô˵й۵ĳҲЦŵͷȻĪȡ
ô˵ĪӶæģ˼æˣܵ΢дһ²ǡ
лѺˣվȲˣҵȻɽȻȥһ˸ǱߴһЩ顣Ī΢΢ҡҡͷйˣȥһ¾ûʲôҪˣպеǻᣬڻȻȥȻȥõȴǱߵ˵
Ȼ£ǾͲǿˣպ󶨵ŰлĪӾܾй۵ĳҲûǿֻǵ˵ͷ˵
һ˵꣬ĪŶԷͷȻΧڿնɽķȥ
ĪȥıӰй۵ĳϲɿڳ޵λĪдȻΪֻǳ񾳽磬ʵȴԶѰ񾳽ʿɱȣպһλɵ
һ˵꣬Ŀת˰뿪ķ򣬽λĪðƵƷ˴Ȼһ֮֮ʱԷϰ⣬Ҳǲᡣ
ȵ֮ɽ÷ĪţӸ֮УҪΪ֪ˣݾڣ˵Ҳ֪Īӵ
Ī뿪й֮󣬺ܿͻصɽɽ֮󷨣ĪһԼ뿪֮ɽû⵽κεĽ
Ϊ󷨵ˣȻѾ˷Īӻܽȥģܿͻص÷ۡ
Żص÷۵ĪӣڹеĪɽ򸾺ǶһĪ뿪֮һֱΪĪӵģĪӻʲô£ڿĪƽĪɽŵǿĲŷ¡
ǲõģѾûˣǼɽٴһҹҾǻȥĪӶŸĸ˵ȻַԸǽ󷨵ķرգҲûм÷ֺͣܿɽӰصȥˡ
ѾˣĪӹƣǱˣӦúܿͻᵽȥЩ˽һ£ȥ˵²ǳ׵ĸһ䡣
ĪõʱӰõĴŽգĪҲûнȥõſڵȴš
ովһսĪͣĸ˹ϵϢȻûʲôϵʣȴƽȴһ˿ζĪվſڣ̾˺ܶĿ⣬ҶϳĪӣҲû˺£ֻһЩˣѾԼʶӰسһЩ¡


һٰʮ 
Īõſվ˲ãûеȵˣõ䱸ͳǰ
Ī֪к£һΡӰεĳ˵ĪվѾһˣƺûн֮е˼һθһ𣬱ĪӴɽ֮жģڻЩģĪ鷳İɡ
Īӿ˶ԷһۣȻ󵭵˵ʱȲȥˣҾȵˣҲˡ
䱸ͳ˶һۣжһֲ̫õԤУ֮УղӰһѪɫͺɫӵĹâʵҲע⵽ˣǰȥ鿴ˡ
ֻǵȥʱǱߵѾˣĪҲѾ뿪ֳֻܿսĺۼʮ׵Ĵӡ
˻Ҫ˵ЩʲôͼĪͻȻתͷĿһҲ˳ĪӵĿȥȴʲôûп
ֱʮۣ֮һλżеĽ˵УӰõķ
⼸ˣ䱸ͳжʱһæӭȥ
ļǿɶʶȫӸϹ٣ոյεӰصʱǿɶڸü
¹ټλˣ֪λ˵ʧԶӭ䱸̿˵
ԶӭͲˣӰڣļλԱ֮Уһ˵ʱó䱸С⡱һ֪⼸λϹ߲ˡ
λˡڲ֮У¹̲ȥҡæش
ˣʱĪӵͬʱһص˵ע˹ȥ
˿Īӵʱ򣬵һ۾ͿĪǰԶʬ塣
ˣ䱸ŵϵʬ壬һȫЩˡ
λؾĪɣɷ˵˵ľλõĹԱŵʬ壬üͷҲɵ΢΢һ£һ˶Īӿ˵֮΢һ˿
øĪӵĹĪץӰȨΣѹͷ£ɱϾǻʳĹԱǷ˴Ҳܹɻʳֱӱɵ
龭ȻҪͼλ˵ҲΪ˴£صصȺλĪûԷΪܹµڶԷ룬ֱӾͲ⡣
õſڱϾ˵ĵطΪѾвٵİգΧΧʼ֣ʱŵָָģ˱֮С
֮ĪӾͽȥ˵һ飬ĪӽΪֹططɶһɢ
֮⼸λõĹԱĪѯһЩϸڣĪһһش֮󣬿˻һɰʵ׵ģĪҲ΢Щˣֱվ˵
λˣ֪ѾˣҪһ֤λԵûʳ֮̽鵱ʱĳҲȥһйۣй۵λѯһ£ҲȥϪˮҹлҪ£Ͳ㼸λˣǣһ˵꣬ĪҲڳ˵ɫֱתߡ
Ī뿪֮еļλԱɫЩÿǱ˦ˣȻԷһ񾳽ʿǰ;ΪʳĹԱһߵᱻ˦ӵľȷǷǳ١
øĪӣҵȾԣúõĽ֤һǺʵ룬ʱνͣһλԱɫЩѿ˵
ʱĪȴѾ߳Ӱصسǣɽȥ˿Լ⼸Ա
Լֻһ٣ûܴӻʳõʲôÿʳһ㹩ڵĪ˵˵ʵЩϡ
ĪΪӸҲһˣۼʵӸ֮У˴Ԫ⣬Īӻ治˭
ʵǿˣҲȻˣǼĹԱȻǻԼйأԲŷʡ
ĪҲܹ׶ԷʦֻΪάʳԱϣһôԼ˼
⼸ʳԱҪôĪӣЩĪӸɴҲͶԷϻֱתߣº᲻ʲô鷳ĪҲģȵǽ֮һЩͲԼ
ѾȥĪиõĹǽնɱҲܹ˵ùȥ޹й
»صɽɫѾˣ֮ҹĻ٣Ӱػָƽ
ȵڶϵʱĪӺΣŸĸɽؼңӰ֮УȥϢѾ÷з˶ۡ
ȥϢһ𴫿ģĪӵֻĪӵķΧӸȺ֮С
ԭԪӸأ֪й۷֮󣬸õļλԱй۰ݷãй۵λس˽һЩ
֮λϵĿе֪ĪйǰһλƵƷ飬ͨʳ̽ľ֮ʱķˣһ񾳽ĹĪӵС
ӣĪӵսõĹԱȫˢʶ֪йˣҲͬǳ⡣
˺նɱѾȫɺҪһЩ
ĵҲܿ챻õĹԱϱ˸ǱߣĪӵҲԭԭϱȥҲΪˣĪӵŻôĴӸڵߣϢ΢ͨһЩģ֪Ӱɽ÷۵ĪӣΪͻƵ񾳽磬ұʵǲס
Ī͸ĸصºӹ֮ȻӰصļλԱܿյ˸öĴ
Ӱص𹴽ǰͼаӶλᣬѾɢϴ²þ͵˷亣ݡ
Ӱصĳ䱸ҲΪܵһǣԭ䱸طְҪǰְ֮Ρ
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ĸͻؼ֮ĪӸջصɽãõĹԱǰݷã̬ȱսȻͬ
Īռ˽һЩ֮в֮ð˵֣ǼǰصΪ˵ǼλùԱͷһλھĪĪ˲˸ö˼ˡ
޷λҲ˽ѡĪ΢ЦŵͷԷȻˣСҲ⡣
Ǻǣ˸֮⣬һ飬ǴʳԵĹͱʾνۼĪӵͷԱ̿ڡ
ԸҪʲôֻҪڵͷΧ֮ڵģҵȽʳΪá
ԱĻĪ˫΢΢һԱĿֻҪԼ͵ģѡʲô԰ǲ


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Ǽλߣ
ĪǳõͼõĹԱ뿪÷ۣɽȥıӰĪȻŵЦݡ
νĪѡʳҪһľе
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ǰһʱͨʱĸĪӴڼ֮࣬ԳŶܷͨ裬ӶԼڵ򣬾㲻ܣҲܹԼʵ
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εµǸһˣ֮һЩ⣬Ǿǻʳ֮ڵ飬Īûκιϵˡ
Īÿ÷̵ǣ˳ڵȴţʳĽʲôʱܹ͵Լ
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һϢĽûκע⵽½ˣֱһ̣Ҳûб¶˿


һٰʮ ľԱ
ʳִͦģĪɽգʳĽѾ͵ˣҪһľеĵ
еĪзǳڴʳܹԼĵϣһŲĵ
ʶ̽е֮УĪӺܿͽмصһľеͷβһ飬µһ̣ĪӵѾϲɫһ˿š
ʳǲƴ֣ȻһŵңĪи˵
Ȼϣܹõһǿľеû뵽һлİԼ˼ˣʳһźǿľеҸҪǣŵǳʺĪӵΪҪŵҪܴһ˿֮
ľԱǻʳĵƣ׺һƣ뵽
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ڵõŵĵ죬ĪӾѾžˣԳԽŵʩչˡ
ϽΣĪǼԼڵĶԼ뿪ɽɽ²Զ׼ʩչһŵΡ
ĪɽѡһôȻӡڵתһֻ˲һ⣬ǿô֮ϡ
ľԱ뷣
ĪӴǵ˲ŴȻգ֮䣬ĪӸоԼǰôһ˿ϵһ֮䣬ͼǰô
ڴϣͻȻ֮·һ˫۾׳֦ɣֱۣڵϣȻµĸϵ˳ͺ˴ĽţĿʼƶ
ĪӲǰ·ĴΧľɽʯͿϵɳΧľϣֻáꡱһһˮͰϸ׾ٵĶϣȻľĸϵסһһҵʯͷ߸ߵľӷ˳ȥ
һľԱĪӿǰЩ΢΢ŵҲֻǳѧէһ͸һϲ
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Īһʱ䣬ȻӸ֮ȵ𣬳Ӹ֮Уͷʢ񾳽֣ʢᣬȻĪûʲôϵֻܺʹһעһѡ
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÷۵ΣĪӴʲô뵢飬ֻҪɽһС
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˵ֻ֮ǰĵЧͬʱӰ쵽˻ʳķȡ
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ʦ˻ʵĵǻ𣿡ǿ֮еĻʧתͷĪʵ
ţѾˣûֿɿˣĪӶǵ˵ͷԿ֣ͲˣǶȻʵ뷷⣬嶼ˣֻҪºگ¾Ϳˡ


һٰʮ Ȼ뷷
»ʵĵǻˣ徳շǳһƬڣף»ʵǻͬʱҲõ㽣ϣӴ֮󣬻ʳøãյҲܹøá
ĪӿĽлڻŸղŵĻ棬Īܾ»ʵǻһвôƽȡ
ǰƵƵ˻ʼݱǶסˣ»ʵǻִӣǲỹ̵סɣҪʲôӦûбõʱ˰ɣĪš
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Ͼ͵ҪкϷʱˣʱǧܳʲô©ĹһˡһߣһߺͰе˿ʼϢĽ
ѾȷϹˣģʬɣ
Ǿͺãǵֻ֣Ҫʱһɿ߹ؽʿͬʱ
ǣҪҪ֪ͨһ¼λȻµЩޣҲһɲܹӽҲһ
֪ͨǣһȺޣЩıƿԣָͳҪ֮ʦǵţ֪ͨǣк档˵Ļ沿ɫȴһڷ
һʱ䣬ʵǳĶݣæµᷢһգۣһʱ͹ȥˡ
Ϧбۿ˻ƻʱ֣ڻʹ֮УĳȻʵãȫһϮ£кö飬һʹ֮ɫ
Ȼʳ룬»ʵǻλ٣ʱֿʼȻʵĳʽߺһ֮еĶ飬ʼŹȥ
ʱǳнѡƻ֮ʱһ˻ʵȥ̫֮ͬǺҹʾȻʵ𾴺Ͱ˼ͬʱ˻ʵǻʱӦҲ¾ɽ棬ϢĴС
ȻʳĶУȻʵĹ֮⣬˶ǲУǻΪµ˻ʵͣҲͬǲС
ڶ߳ſڵһǣ֮ͳˣִ磬а˼ֲʧϡ
ְ֡롷Ϲŵһ˻ʳʱףϵƣѾҵ֮УռҪĵλװ֣Ѿ˻ʳר
Ȼ֣ʱҪװҲʰ
ȻʳĶܿ˵꣬ʳĵ꣬ȻŵƣΪֹȴûκһλ˻ʣｫӭһλ˻ʡ
֮ߵϦѾӽɽߣۿвãϦͻɽ¡
ڵ֮û˿ĵ飬̽нʽ
ĩʳ޵΢ĩִ²֮
óһݼģʼǰĹȺ֮еͷȴ¶һβм֮ɫһֽûе૵
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ٵֳԵԽԽׯ£ֱеһݲļ꣬УȻʵãڣȫǰһԷ˻ʵĹ餣Ȼ̧𣬷֮С
ʱһУ͵ߣд򿪣ó͵С
Ҫʼˣ·ע⵽һĻ˫Ҳ΢΢߬ȭĹؼʱֻ̣Ҫһаռƻô˻뷷֮󣬾ҷ֮ʱ
̯еĿɨһȻ֮еλһǰ˹裬һǾŻʱҲ͡
ջߣͿеڴʶ˻΢ĩˮƷؽȣ񣬹ڵǧ뷷⣬˻Ʒλš۾
͵Ļһ䣬е˲仯һ⣬뵽˻ʵĹ֮Уһ貵Ľ𣬽֮УһӰ֡
Ӱ˻ʵһжһ˵ĸоڽ֮еǵӰͣǷǳ׳˶Ӳ̫ӢȴǳӲʡ
ӰǼ֮еĸʣǸƷ˵ڶʳͳε˻
ǺЩ˻õķӦͬ·еĳô𼸸Ѿ֪ĳ֮⣬ĳһ̱׷һ䣬ֱӾ
Ʒ飬οԣ
ôǶƷ飬Ķٻʳˣڱ߹ؽʿ뷷ô죿
֮;ߵһ·ԽԽѣһ֮ĲҲԽ󣬶ƷƷ֮䣬ȻֻһƷвȴر
Ʒ飬൱ɾԪɣƷ飬൱ڽɾ硣
ΪɣߣҲ
·һƬȻ֮ʣȴһ˿Цݣ֪飬ˣ


һٰʮ ˳ˮ
뷷һƷ飬ʳĵ˾Ѿˣ꣬ǧ꣬ŻôһΣ֮Ҫۺܾãٴ뷷һƷ顣
뷷Ʒ飬δйǲ룬ǲܰ
һ൱ڽɾĶƷ飬ֱɻʳȥֲֿģµڶʳǿʱڣҲûи
ڣѾԸܵʳ˼һӵ˵͹ȣʳ˽Ӱ죬ǻʳķ֮Ҳһӽ࣬һ˻ͻȻ䲡Ҫء
һ̣÷۵Īӣɵ̧ͷգΪһʳĵ٣ܹĸоֱ仯֮һӵ˹ȵס
Щǰڶ𣬷֮һӽô࣡ĪЩص
ʳ֮һӽô࣬Ӱʵ̫ˣ徳ڶЩɽҰ֮еħֵѹ˲ͻήͺܶ࣬ΪҪģı߹ǰߣѹһӾʹˡ
ˮ壬֮ǰѾۼ˴巨֮ͣǾԲŹǧѷĻᡣ
Ī뵽ںݵհףͬʱҲ뵽Լʦ÷üͷɵþ
ĪһߣټҵĵӣлʳĹԱһ̸о˻ʳ֮Ľ͡
ԭһף»ʵǻͻı仯ôҸ㲻壬׷ʲô
˿̣ڻʳĵ꣬ĳھݵĻ֮ȫĿͶ͡
ڳ˿֮ǰ˻ȴ͵תϸֳŭݣĿ⿴Ⱥ֮еǳǰˣ
һը죬ڳеˣ˳͵Ŀ⣬
͵ĻҲɵ΢΢һ£ž̷Ӧָ̬Ŀע֮УŲæĿڵºγԣװףǰ
̬ŲæȴһֲԤУһֱڷ˻ȴû뵽ʱ򿪿ڷѵģȻ͡
ʵ˵µ˻ʣû̫⣬Լ̫İѱȡ͵Ҳһ¡
ѾҪͻƿص˼̫ҰޣȻһĻһ㣬ȫΪ塣
ǣȴƫƫʱ򣬽Ŀ׼Լ΢΢һ˿⡣
ܱ˻ʵߣ˵ݾװף鲻κε⣬Ұټ֮УҲȽϸߵһЩˣڻ滭֮ϵ裬ֵ˳̡
˴ʱ˿̣ڽƱ磬ָܹȻ㹻֤ݡͿɫ糣ϵıЩʹ˵
ºദ꣬Ľ̵ù֪࣬ǰڹ֮ˣҪǹ¾ã֮ţӦþôĬĬŵȥԳϴôΪѾģϧ´ˣ˵Ŀ֮У¶ʹϧ֮ɫ
һĻͻȻ¶һ˿ЦݣоԼô͵Ľ̵ǱȽϳɹģԼ̳һǸ˻ʡ
֮λ޴ǣΪȻ뷷֮£ϣһ֮ˣֱ˵ǣˣѾһ˿⣬鵽ƾ͵˽⣬̬չƲ⣬ĺӦҪˣԼݣӦزסˡ
ø˻һԹ֮ԭ⡣뵽ĺ֣ͻȻ֮һֻȻ֮УдԵĲµ˻ʲôˡ
Ҫ˳ˮۣ뷷󲿷ֵӰ죬ƵЩǰϣһ۾ܿǵĴ㣬Ҳ׼ˡ
ֻˣǾЩʧˡĵ͵Ĵ㣬ȴãӦòֻˣΪҪ˳ˮƵǵϣʳҲûа취Լɸɾժ
Ȼʵķ˼٣ǣӴĻʳ˵Ķ֮⣬޸ĵʸûУֻҪ΢һ룬Щ飬վǻʳԼΪ
ͺȻֺγһ㡣
Щ鷳ǣΪƷ飬ϣǰȷǳ˺ܴⱻץһЩ˿ΪЩ͵˦֮٣˳µһЩŶȡ
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ʱŽȻΧĽ⣬ڽİֱȫûڣһǿѹɢȫҲ˽ĿȫͶϡ
һϽɫĵۣʽ͵ǻ֮ʱǼǳƣ˶֮ϣԵ÷䣬һŲӢȴޱϸӣü֮һöƣ¶ݡ
ڳ䳯֮Уеϳ˻ж¶һ˿׷֮ɫǼ֮У˻ģ
ĿɨڳһۣȻֶ֮дһ⣬һ仰ӰͻȻ֮ʧˡ
֮˻ʲǰ
ʧȻǰڤÿһλ飬Ҫڤ֮УȹһӦڣ뷷ƷҲ⡣
Ȼ֮ǰֳݵĳĬ󣬼λ˻ʵϳͬʱվ˳
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˻ܹƷǰͳΣ˱֧֮⣬ʵӹɵģǿııСսꪡ
˻ʳķ֮УΪ˻ʳȵĹֶ֮һǰǵ⣬ӦþǼսꪵ
תͷĿ⿴ͣöĿ⡣


һٰʮ 
ĲһУɱЩʳ֮еǰ͵Ŀƽ˵
Ȼɱǰҽֻͣϣ²ܹ֮ҳһס㵽˴ʱûκεľţͣɫͻȻЩص˵
ǲ벻ȻҪɱЩǰӦþǳʱЩʳĹԱɣˡֱԣ׵ģЩĻʳԱҲ׵ģȻնɱǣ͵Զϻʳԩɱôʳ֮ģоǰбк𣿡
һ˵꣬ҡҡͷȻĿɨһڳĳϧЩ֮ģӦ⣡
Ļڳٵĳɫ䣬ʱʳεЩԱкܶ඼ϵ˻ɱĻʳָЩˣ޷ŷ
ɽϣΪʳ֮ĽͣĪԼĵӡڷ֮˼š
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӸо֮гһɹϡãͬʱ̺žɱķϢĪ񶼸овͬʱҲĪӸоЩϤ
սꪣ
΢˼һ£ĪӾϤеӰʼλȥʱ򣬻ʳ֮۳սꪣƣΪֹ¡
ڣڻʳ֮͹ȵʱսٴγˣȻӰһξ룬ĿӦþݾڡ
ٵ߳䣬ĪӾͿһ˹ӵľ޴սꪣӾ֮׹䣬һɾɱ⣬ݴ֮ϡ
ǸλãĪӿսµķ򣬷ֱǸλãӦڡ
ʳ֮ѾȵףܹӳĹֶΣӦҲֻսˣϾһ뷨֮еıǷȱ
սꪽܹ֮˲Ϣ֮䵽ʳκεطвøˡ
ĪӲ֪սꪹĿ˭ǶԷֻҪûгɣӦýӲסսꪵһĪۼսꪵĹΪˮǹˮɱУĪӶûܹսꪵĹ֮»
Ī˼ʱͻȻ֮䣬ĪӾȵķ֣֮еսꪣȻһ۳Ȼݾڣֻһηˣ򣬶ǺӸŵһǵķ
սٴ£Ī֪սꪡ
֮սûеγݵϿգݾںĪһˣȫһ
սꪵĹȻûнֻһεĿ꣬Ѿ֮ˣ徳ڣһҹսꪹˣÿһս֮µˣȴǻʳԼĹԱ
ˣʳλնɱЩ֮ģ˵ǲǰȻնɱĶǰֽϼЩֻ֣Ϊ֪µ˶ţһǶѡ
ҲãȻʳ꣬ȻǲһЩǰݣٽԭһЩɵˣѾȷˡ
ͿΪĻٴЩ궯Ⱥ˵ͬʱӻóһŰֽضһ£Ȼ˳ȥ
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֪˶ڻʳڵǰԷֱܹڲŶʵǳԤϡ
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Щ飬ԶԸΥģԽĳЩ鷢ЩԽᷢ
ڰе˿ʼϵʱ͵ͻȻһһһתԲ̣˸Ű׹⣬âųһȥͬʱǸתԲ̣Ҳ˲ͷһֱ״СԲ̣âԲ֮ϴ£ͬǸλá
âһƬռ֮УԼ֮һ¶ڳ˿ķ
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ţ·һɴקǵӰ˲䱻ק˳ˤ䵽͵ǰϻһ׹⣬ڵ϶á
л֣ŵڵ϶õˣǶǸ˱ʾһ¸лһֱ֪˶ԼȴʼץסԷλŵĸ֣ڰѶԷץˡ
ǰõˣʹŶԷһķǳݵ񾳽ʿΪֻ񾳽ڣԷȫΪƥ䡣
˻ʲؿźͻʳĹϵӦģοʦöˣȻþ
ʿΪһ㣬֮ȷǷͬ죬Ӧ꾳õСͨԽԼݲڿռļв֮Уȷʵѱ֡ͻȻߵʿǵݳֵŵӡ
ʳ֧֣һ֪飬λŵӵĳ֣Ҳþ档
ֻǣڰе˱ö黹̫˽ľʼ͵ĻĿ֮УѾһЩ΢΢ı仯
أ׼Լ𣿡һߵǰǰ֮վȻڵ
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£ǰôİѱץУԼҲһɼ£𣿡
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˹µϣϴˢһѪһƣеЩѱʶѾĨɾˡ
͵Ļϵıסˣһֱڲʲôĺ֣뵽ֵĿܣΨû뵽հһеĺ֣ѹ͵ϡ
ֻԼһƶˣİ˻֮λĺ֣һûκƣǸҰĲ˻ʡ


һپʮ 
ڿˣ
Īӿ¶һĨǰףĪĸоոչȥһҹʱ䣬ƺô
һҹĪӸû˯߰վһϣһֱ̧ͷյƣһڸӦŷ֮ñ仯һߣĪǸӦһɴ֮£޵С
УһҹûͣϢֱڣָоǱԽԽǿˡ
ĪԼܹдķ򣬶Ϊһ㣬Īкǲ
ܿ죬ߵһĨǰױԽԽۿ̫ҪʱĪȴߵŨֻԼԼĿһĨ̫ĺϼ
һ찡Īӿһ䣬֪ΪʲôоԼ飬Ҳһ㣬ܲĸо
̫ѾҲѾʼˣĪԼ飬ʼһΣ֮ĪӲŸоԼƽ
ڽǿγ̵ʱĪصؽһʼӡԪˮ¼֮ѧεķ֮УǶˡ
ϵνû÷¸ϰĪ̵ݣȥһտشϾУ΢ЩģҪСĲҪ˵÷
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Īڷǳ֪ҹ׷Щʲô֪ı߹ǰߣ񵽵ôˡ
ĪһҹоִµУûв´ĻӦı߹ǰߡ
ʱһתۣܿ͵磬֮еƱøӺʵͺʱҪһ㡣ʱĪڸоԼһֱڵȴŰټѧõϢɽΧ󷨡
һĪӵߣȻӰ֮еһֽ͵̾ɢˣûͬǰݸҪϢ
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ĵһϢȻʷϢȻ񣬾ȻǰδеķΪ˶Ʒλ
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κεһ֮·Խߵ棬Խӵļѣͬʱ߱ΰҲԽǿҲˡ
Ҫһ죬ô϶ҪӦĴۣۣѾԶҡʳĸίʵ̫ˣĪа뵽
һϢ̺ϢͿĪ뵽飬ԵһͣĪӸоЩ˷롣
Ȼʱ뷷ΪƷ飬ƺǻʳ˼ǰıҪҡʳ¶ػʳͳȨ
ĽͣĪӾʵ̫ǣǿˣ»ʳҲûа취ɣһҪǸЩ߹صȴ뷷սʿӢһ
ǰνӴȻʵ뷷⣬ܹӴͨʲôֶΣܹĶȻʵ뷷⣬ǣټʳ˵Ҫƾʲôģ
ֻЩĻʳ˦֮٣ûκγɹĿܡֽϵϢУȴʵгһЩǰ֤ݣҹһЩǰЩ˷룬ûʳϢһ˿Ŷȡ
ڶϢͬԻʳ˵ʲôϢ
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Ī˼ȥվã飬ʳǰѲ˸ϵ
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ǵֱۣߵԣйأѾݵԼ£Щ飬Ҫָ
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ЩǰѾˣĿǰĿ޷ԻʳɴӰ졣
ҹս֮£˲ٵǰǵ׼һ붼̥ˣȻĿҪԤڵ١ĪͷȻ¿
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ҹʳ֮͹ȿʼı߹ǰߣܵˮĹ
ʼһʱսֻǱƽ΢һЩˮ廹̽ţһʱ֮ˮͬʱ֣ķ֮ĳ⣬ͻĴ̳߹طҵĳ
ֱټѧյϢʱǰߵսѾޱȣҵĹ֮£ĽʿѾʼ·塣
رǺǱߣֱֽдˮ֮սǧĳ˥ʱڣ߹صĽʿûˮУκһ˿ɾҹǧƣɥʧˡ
ڻʳ֮͹ȵ£ˮҵĹ֮£ںǰߵĽʿ˲أԵֵˮĹƣղ֮£󳷳һ֮ء
ʿԡѪƴɱ֮£ˮжصٴαûһƬˮ򡣶ˮĹûͣ£ǰƽĪڿϢʱ򣬿ºǱ߶ʧѾˡ
ǰߣҲͬǳֹۣ꽻սûռʲôˣжᵽ࣬ЩȴѾȫʧˣѪҹأĹ
ѪҹأݵλѪҺǵƴסĹؿҲ궼Ƶķߡ
ȻûʧأҲѾ᧿ΣˣѾ͹һҹĪӽ¸оУֱûͣЪ
ֽصϢѾˣֽĪ̧ͷգԭѾƽ飬һαúһôѹ֡


һپʮһ 
ĪΪոյõϢоޱȳصʱ򣬻ʳߣѾʼ˽ܹĵĲȴʩ
ʳǰĶԹΣҪ飬ȴı߹ǰߣǺݻѪҹأҪǰȥ֧Ԯ֧Ԯ֮⣬ҪĻǰ߹صĽʿ
Щ߹صĽʿײеˮ壬ֿ֮ĹǲǲֻΪ֪ԼеΣͬʱҲףΪҲһõĽ
ڣʳأûа취ٽһ뷷⣬߹ЩսӢ꣬òãһСֽʿθ
Ҳܶ߹صĽʿԲںЩ㲻ڴ˶ںЩʿҲƽ
ڻʳ֧Ԯ֮⣬һҪ찲Щʿ뵽һȵİ취ܸЩʿǵļһ
ʳ񶼻ʹ֮Уһ乬˻ͿվԼǰİ˹裬ϵıǳ͵˵ʽ㣬ߵľѾ᧿Σʽܹң
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迴ͣһž֮ϱȴ˪ضǰͣ춼ûпڡ
ʽ㣬֪Ϊֵ飬жԹ鲢һ֮ҡͼڣǻû˵ֱ꣬ӱˡ
סڣûʸ֣˵̬ŵĺܵ͵ͣԽоƲ
УͲһʵ˻ѡһ˻ʣӦأκεѣԲеֵ֮ܽУֳֻԨˡ
ͱϵĻЩεվƺ֪˵ʲôˡ
⸱ӣֻԼŭˣҲǳʱԼ˵ʲôûˣһƽĿڵ
ǱһȥģûʲôϵΪ˰ʳɹѹأҲΪ˸ʣϾʹӦˣ
һ䣬Ҳû˼ͽ̸Ȥת߳˹
лʽ㣡ȥӰ͵һϲ֮⣬Ǹ˾ܹó
֪Զ֮ϵı˲΢΢վֱͬʱҲøһЩ
˹ǱӦþͲ̫ˣΪһȥһģŵ㹻סݵľƣѹʱСһЩ
ԭվһͶһԵ߿˵ȥŻӹ£
ԣ˳ȥ֮󣬾ʹһ˽
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Ż֣½һ󣡡Ϳ˵
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ԣһ㷴ӦޱĿڵҽ㣬ʱ仹ûﶼȥ
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ʣ֪пԣȻˣǾʰо֡һͷԨ
ȡ˧Сսףҳ


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ս׵Ԩߵĺڼ׽߳Żĸۡʱ򣬵ȷʳԱе⣬ʵ֮ǰڲ²⣬ԨпѾˣڿԨΣͷ֣ĳеϲ
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ʹſڵ쿴ԨȥıӰȴ¶һĨϧ֮ɫΪ֪ʮа˾ţԨȥ޻أ


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浽ͽˣûκεĪȴ·Щ֮ǰֱҵİĪı߰첻ƽ


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仰ĪףԼΪ顣
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Ī仰ʱǳƽ̬ȴȻղôˡ
һλһλĸ֣Ϊһͬ÷ۣ˵һ˵˵һ㣬ǲǻһǿȵ˼
Ī֪ԼܲԪĶ֣ƾڵʵǿԼ̫Ը£Ҳô׵ġ
Ԫ͸ˣһùãһ鹻࣬˾һĪӵ֮УͲĪı仯֪ĪӿЩˣԪ̿ڵ
ĪˣⲢûκǿȵѵ˼ҶһͬǰҲΪԱ⡣
ŶĪӿǰˣȴǽĻ
λʳԸصɢ޸ַǺ٣Ƕţȴټˣй۱ǰ
ڸݸ˵ҲҪ֣ΣҪӦ٣ǰǰ֧Ԯ
Ծ;ǸӦٵģĪûпڲ廰ȴͷ
ǷǳֵĶЩԭǿȥ㷴ǲˡĪû淴ǿԼЩʲôȴǷǳеġ
Ӹ׼򣬼йʮӣԼһЩɢһͬǰǰߡӸʵǿЩǰߣҪ֤ǻܹصԽصҵѵġ
˵֮һԵĸӻǰݼĪ˼ƶѾãȽϳĸҲ࣬ͷУǰ߹ǰߣҪһͷ֮ˣĪʵӸ֮УӦýԪϣĪͷ֮ˡ
ĪЩˣǾóȱһסӵˣصԼķģ˵ͷ֮ˣһȽϺ˵
йۻɳӣѵٵһ񾳽ĳϣ
Ӹѵûһܹסӵ佫
˵ˣȱһܴģȻԼܹնɱ񾳽ޣͬʱһλƷսصԼķġ


һپʮ Ѫҹ
Ԫ˵Ĵ㣬Īˣ˵ȷûʲôǿȵ˼ҲǴĶ죬רԼķġ
˵Ӹ֮УȷûеڶʵѡˣԪҪӸΪ֮Լ߲
Īǰøյհ׵ţողһЩҪȥݵ뷨ڸԪţĪÿԽԼĺ֮иտй۵տԼĸĸˣǵİȫԵõ֤
Ī֪ҲӸӵܣ߹ǰս³Խ£徳ڵݸɳ֧ԮӸӵܣȻҲ˺طͬ𡣡
ݵ޸ãʵûжʵڵЩӷӵܣȵ߹ǰ֮󣬴Ӵ˾ͻزˡǰҲͰˣܵõһ뷷⣬Ӯǰ֮񣬵Ҳ֪ʳϣȥˣܹĻĪĪӵͷ˼ӣһο˵
ֻһεĻԴһЩϣ˵һЩ뷨
˵Ļһڻʳʱ뷷սʿӢ꣬ôЩսʿȥı߹ǰߣһսˣǺпܾͰװˡ
һ㣬ǡǡӰʿһ޴ʿôսȻ½һЩ
Ⲣ˵ЩʿΪƴˣֻжһݺ֮ǵǣңҲͶһݹǳɣΣʱ̣ǻǵǰЩˡ
ֻĶⳤģЩʿҲеûӦȥսҲûӦðװ׵
Īѣƶ͸յ⣬صҲѾˣ֪ΣԪĪʵ
йӸֱڣҲֻǶ̶̼ʱѣʵбѡԪԲĪӣĪʵǿϾΪҲֻ񾳽ڣӦñȲһλǿߡ
Ӹ֮УȴҲڶǿˣֻڰθ߸ĪսȺ񾳽ʿ
ڻʳֻΪ֮ǰƾŷ֮ǿԷӳսڣʳ֮˥ˣҲò˶
ĪԪĻ֮󣬱̿ڵҴӦҲǲɣȴһЩ
Ī˵޷ʳѾŵˣֻҪɢ޸Ըǰǰս֤Ϸıꡣԣ̿ڵ
һ㣬˶ѾԳˣŻʳӦòǣҪ˵һ顣ĪҡҡͷĿ⿴Ԫ˵
ǰȥɽҵĵӣϣԪǰ͸ܹΪϣмеĸĸԼӸټѧѧϰĵܵãиλϡ
ĪӵĻԪ͸¶ЦݣĪӵ˵ͷͬʱӦ
Ī²˳٣ҪʲôҪ£һ֮ڻ뾡Ĵ׵ʱͷӸӵǰѪҹءϴЦ˵
ȵȣΪҪȥѪҹأݺݾǸӸѪҹأм·ǰݵıΪβǰ֧ԮĪĻЩʵ
ĪԭѾ׼ǰݺհ׼ˣȴͻȻ˵ҪȥĵطѪҹأǺݣܹ⡣
֪ʱѾڶǰ֧Ԯʳ˹šڵȼǰ򣬸سĴҲѾ˺ݣźݾƺܿͻת֮£ѪҹظҪ֧Ԯ𿪿ڽ͵
ʵҪˮ֮ϣһιͣӴսʼսһҲûͣЪȷҪ֧ԮһԵԪҲǵͷ˵
ĪﵱȻҪȥݵģ˵ĻʱҲ˵ʲôˣܲΪԼһ֮˽Эɣ
ԪɽĿԲˣĪҲûκιֵҪ󣬾͸⡣
ɽ֮ǰͻȻĪӵߣ֮ͨĪ˵ĪȥѪҹأʲôѴͨԮ
һ䣬һĪӵУȻת뿪
ĪӵͷһеĶ⾹ȻһСӡһ˽ӡڱ˵һݱʶһ
Īȴܹĸоⷽ˽ӡϣȻ̺һ˿ƷʲӦһλƷµġ
Լһ˽ӡԼƾȥԮôԮĶӦþһλˣ˳˼·һ룬ĪͻȻ֮һ¡
ǰѪҹҲ˵ܹʦе˽ӡĪ뵽
ĪףʦȻʳ飬ǰܻĵطԭı߹ǰߡ
һҲǣԵڶʳͥڤ֮еô飬ڤ֮һܻ֮أܹڶʳĿģ·ǳѡ
Ƕ㵽ı߹ǰߣ㱻ڶʳ鷢ˣҲԲԻʳ鲻ڹϣЩҲܹһ
⣬ǲҲȻõģ뵽Īﲻɵðͷ
һжõģĿģֻǵıܻأǰδѣͰźõһȵľٴ룬߶аɡ
˸ˣĪҲ̿ʼԼϾҪǰѪҹˣǵĽ̵϶ûа취ˣڵΪĪҲܴһȥһ÷ۣĪӱһЩš
ЩţΪʦڵȰԼѧϰ֮ȼ¼ȵΪʦһһΪÿβͣ÷۵÷Ҫúϣһɽģȥºӹתתʲô˵鷳ȥйԪĪóö򽻸ǣȻͿʼ߶߶˵һѣ֪ǷǳĶ£ĪȴҪһ¡
Ī߶߶ĽֻǹɵվĪӵǰţʱʱͷȻ˵һ
֪ˣʦ
ǻ٣ǰ˽ӴȽɵģǳĴǰľǱȽϵС
Ī߶߶ģȴܹоĪӶԼĹģȻĪҪ뿪ˣܳһʱ䣬ԼҪһˣܱǰҪá
ǽһѵ֮Īֻһºӹ壬ĸҲЩ飬ʲô£ɽǣҲֱȥйѰ
Īӻһ¸𣬰Լϵһհף֪ߵ˵ԼǰݣҪȥѪҹ֧Ԯ¡
Щ齻֮ĪӾûʲôˣĪĪڰټѧǱߣæչˣҲҪԼˡ
һ֮ĪӺй۵ĵһͬǰӸһͬӸʿϣټһЩԱһһҷۣ̤ǰѪҹص;


һپʮ 
ǰѪҹأͺݲͬһ·Ҫ;ݣ֮Խüݵľ룬ִݺݣԽ֮⣬ܹѪҹء
Ƭĵأ÷ת۵ĵطЩѣһλ̫һڵĵӣʹ;Ͼȥݵġ
ĪӴʱһҷ֮еķϣҷ۲й۵һңǻʳãƷܲй۵һɫķۣʹõַۣȴһܴŵ㣬ǾڲĿռȽϴٶҲ̫˵ǳĲһҷۣͿԴˡ
վڷ۵ļװϣĪĿ⸩Ŵأ·ľرǵϵˣЩп
ǴӸĵ죬ѪҹѾԶˣһ·Ȼûͣ£Īվڼװϣܹ·ľġ
Īڸ̾ǣԻӦһ·ĵطкܶ඼Ƿ羰ŨĵطҲȱЩǳӵĵط˵Щѩ֮أ߻ɽԾ֮ء
ôӵĻĪȻܹЩط̣Ƚ٣ȴ˳
ܹһԭ򣬾ڻӦٶӵܹҵ취棬Ȼȥı䡣
ھѾԶˣԤƻһ·̣ܹѪҹءĪӵͷŴأͻȻһ
Ī˵λӸһʿͳ˧ᣬһλ佫ߣʵףѾСˣӳڣĪһֱܿ
лｫѡĪԣתͷ΢Цŵͷ˵
ʵĪҲܹоƾѪҺѾԶˣ￪ʼΧķƺ˲٣һɵѪζĪܹоԶһļµΣոоƾǴѪҹشġ
ˣ֮ǰѾԸˣһǰѪҹأһжԵհʱҵӸӵܱĿĪӵĻ̿˵
ĪЦЦûаĿ֮ԣԷθĻ
һλ佫ǿߣʿôܷӳս潻սǿ߶ɿһս
Լһ˹ķģһЩҪĳ棬һϵͷˣôӸЩڵѪҹ֮ȻܹšһɣѹأҪܹصȥ
ЩĪ֮ԻԸһΪհ׵ǷţĪЩ߿ЩˮеЩ壻һ棬ĪҲϣ˻һ¡
ͻƵ񾳽֮Īÿ޲׺ΪҲȲ֮У첻İʲô⣬棬ĪȴЩǷ
֮Ϊ磬ʱĳµĴĥǱزٵģֳʹĥָĲſޡ
Īӵ⣬ʱĳµĴĥӦָǾ͸򣬾㹻飬ĴԶõĶˡ
õĶˣЩͻˣˣЩᶨˣˣǾͽʲôǵˡ
ʱ׾Թ϶ڲ֮ˣĪӵ˾Ѫҹصľ룬ҲʱţԽԽˡ
ڣĪҷۣѾִĵϿա
ȻģȴǻĲë֮أ෴ǳĳԣֳĵò￴ḻ
֮ᱻģΪƬشݺͻ֮⣬Ѫҹ֮ǰһش
кܶǰһ£ۿһ֮սʿټѧõӣѡͣһ£ܷʲôԵʱʱҲΪһЩԵһЩͻԵƬĵ֣ľͱʵˡ
ĪɫصԶĿµǸ򣬾Ѫҹصķ򣬴ʱ뻹ȽԶĪѾܹѾһƬѪɫѪɷȾˣ֮һŨѪζƺҲ΢ĲʱʱһѾš
Īӵߣڳ֮⣬й۵һλ񾳽ĳϣͰټѧ칤ҵһλվĪӵߣͬһصԶ
ֻߵѪɫҾܹµ뵽ʱѪҹأսεĲҡ
ǰսңҲ̫ģѪҹһعؿҵȳӦòᱻֱӰŵһعؿܹһӦĹ̡ῴһۣڿο˴һ䡣
ӾܳΪһͳĽ죬ǰߣȻҲģڳ֮УǶѪҹϤһˡ
ο˵ĻûκεãĪڵˣɫûκεĻͣǳȻ˱߹ǰߣô϶ҪսģνӦһ£Ҳֻһݵĵʱ䡣
ۼǰУĪҲûȤע·ľɫˣĿһֱǰһƬϼǹŨѪɷΪʵʣ·ճҺ壬Χ÷ǳϡ
һɾ˵ɱÿÿһˣоһľ֮С
֮ĪӿԶһƬʵĳǽ֮˵һƬΪǰĳǽĪӼгǽһĳǽ˵һһЩһƬ
һǽ߸ߵڴ֮ϣΧǽ֮ɢɢСǽƯУҲкܶʿڰء
ѪҹصĵؿƯϵЩ֮ΪǽãôǷЩܹе壬ڱҪʱЩǽҲܹγһ̵ıݣῴǰһƬĳǽһ˿֮ɫͬʱߵĪӵ˽͵
۵㲻ܼǰˣֻܻĽ䵽ϣ׼ء
ڷѾ˺üĽʿǣڷ۽֮󣬾Ȳ뿪˷ۣ̤ܽʵصĸо
Īӽ̤ϵһ̣ӵ洫УѾǳǿˡ
ĪӸоΧѾˣԼڵתٶƺҲһЩһֱѹƵĸо
ȽϤĴ£ӸĶ飬ؿ֮ǰûʲôعصĽֻ֮󣬾˽˹ؿ֮УǰȥӪ
ѪҹصĵؿҲһؿĪӽؿ֮󣬵һۿľ󣬾һƬӪأÿһƬӪأ˴֮ȴμ
ЩӪһԭѪҹصĽʿһ󲿷֣ʱʳظ֧Ԯġ
Ӹһ·ȻƬδͣм·;ǱȽԶģѾıȽϳٵˡ
Ӹ˴Ӫ֮󣬴ǹλʿת뿪ˣֻ֮ǰָ˵ؿӪڣڰ֮ǰȥݼѪҹصؿͳ˧


һپʮ Ѫĺ
ѪҹǰսѪҹأÿһؿؽǱңսԨҲԲѷɫ١
Ѫҹصڶؿͳ˧ԶѪҹѾһ꣬Ϊǿҡ
ؿͳ˧ѪĺģȻûжԶôͬҲ嵱ı֮һ
ĪؿӪʱӪ֮ǹŨѪɷĪʱһâڱĸо
УͰټѧ칤ѧɵɫ糣й۵񾳽糤ϣƱĪӻҪܣ·֮ʱŵӣ˸оǿʲô
λӪĴ֮ǰǰȥŴǰصļλʿ˵Ӹ佫ᣬǰݼͳ˧ͨһ
ǰصļλʿԣһתʣƬ֮˳ͷ뼸λʡ
Ī߽ʵһ̣ȫĺëһһǿҵΣдͷӿ֣ĪӽŲڿУоԼǰһǰһӭľһ
ĪӵΣУڴ֮еһӣ˫Ŀעӣһ˫Ŀ֮У·̺ʬɽѪҲ̺޾ɱ⣬ɱ⣬Ʊĵ棬Īӵš
һ̣ĪһųҪƿ˫ۣͬʱջԼĽţʶ֮е첻⣬ȴǾĪӣûƿԼ˫ۣҲûջԼĽţһǰ̤ȵ̤˵ϡ
Ųصһ̣ĪӸоϵǹΣ˲ɢûдڹһ㣬ͬʱĪӾͷ·жһǿȾȻһЩ
Ŀٴڴ֮еˣһζ϶ԷĿ⣬Īȴûпɱ⣬ҲûʬɽѪľ󣬷һ˿͵ζ
ӸĪӣѪĺˣаһĪֻоһƬǰһ
Ѫҹصؿͳ˧ǰλӣѪĺġ
ղĪӸоΣУǰλѪĺһ̽ȻҲҲһ
̽߿ķʽ򵥵һֵĵĿʣ͵÷µһĽ⣬֮ͬ
ղĪṳ̂һѡôĪӵУضһӰڽУҪ취˷
㲻ˣûȤӾǰĪӣѪĺĿ˵
ڵһ̣Īһˣ䵽ϵǹѹȻ֮ʧ
лѪĺʶ֮ˣھпΪֻлˣĪӻش
λѪĺĸоĪ֮ǰнӴĽ춼ЩͬЩȻҲǸиԸ񣬵ĪȴܹоΪߵʡԨսᣬ϶ָо
ǰѪĺ򣬸Īӵĸо΢ЩͬĪӵĸоΪǰˣͺھݽӴǼλǰһΪߡ
ΣҲ߳ҲλãĪӻ䣬Ѫĺһ仰ȴĪӲɵһ¡
ߣĪֵĲ죬Ѫĺ򻰵ʵԣĵλмڶԼ˵ѻҲΪˣĪž˵Ĳ졣
֮ڵ޷ں֮ǰ嵮ϵ֮˳Թ
ϾȻǿȴǳţÿһλıң˵ǱĲƸ֮󣬷ԭһΪҲ֮ˮˣò˵һʧ
ھ֮󣬷ʼ޷ģɵѪɷų⼸еԸ޷ޡ
ɾڸղţǰλѪĺȴĪӣ߳ǲǾʹţԷҵķ
Ҫ룬ûҵķֻһЩȡ֮һתΪĪϵı飬Ѫĺľ֪ʲôֱӸһ𰸡
ѪĺĴ𰸣ĪһͬʱҲ΢оЩʧԷҵķôȵ֮мʮλͬʱʱӾ򣬾ܹһٵ춨ĵλ
ʧ֮࣬ĪӶѪĺҲһ棬һƳߣһߣԷ׾ʲô£Żľ
ˣҲ̸ˣӸһ⼸ʱóսʱóս׼տʼǰڶؿս֮ȸڸѲӣֹǱ롣ûϾ̫ãڽ͹󣬽ŵһߣӸʿȼ򵥵˰š
ǣǿʲôĪĵĻ֮󣬼ʵ
һǣָԼһй۵ӡ
ѪҹУŨѪɷΧޱϡͬʱĪӵڵҲܵ˺ܴѹƣֻ֮£Ӳս
ʳǰߣǿ϶Ҫ߳ĵطа취һ㣬Īھͺ֪ﵽʲôá
ĪӵĻѪĺٴοڵߣóģȥӪæҪսһ˿ϸǣʺ֮ʩսƣʳ֮ѾˣֻܸӸ棬Ϊߵ˴Űɣ
Ѫĺһ˵ͬʱóĵƣĪӵ
ĪֽסƵһǣ̾͸оΧѪɷųУȻһ˲ʧˣɵǰһͷϸеսơ
ڵƣʵ޻һǲ˸ַģл̺Żʳ֮һָֻǱȽٶѡ
սúˣȵ뿪֮ʱҪģмǣһҪŪˡѪĺֽһ䣬ȻʹĪӵ뿪
߳ѪĺĴʣĪһսƽйλϵУһֻ飬Լһ飬һ齻Էʡ
ϴսƣȻΧϡûУĪʵȴ̫ܵӰˣһӾ̤ʵ˲١
ĪѪĺȻȹսգǲҵȴһǰڶؿսýʿӦһ¿ɺáһӸʿӪȥһ߶ĪʵûеĪӻش𣬾һй۵Ҳڵ
ƶսһĵӰŵӪȻһͬǰȥսĪѾÿɺã
λŵ׵ȥɡĪӿһۣ΢΢ЦЦȻ˵
˵ַӦĪӵԤ֮УһӸͷˣʲô˼֪ĪҲЩ
ЩģԼΪղѪĺĵĴ֮УĪӸоԼ׳ĪӸоԼ񾳽ڣƺôңԶˡ


һپʮ ս
һ֮УĪ˫Ŀգʶʶ֮еĹͼޱˮ֮еһòͷǳʱʱǳ׹䣬ޱˮ֮Уһˮ
ҲΧǹڲϣϸȥִᷢϵһЩ֦Ҷŵɫ¶顣
Īӻ˫ۣԼΪо÷ǳ⣬ոѪҹأԼͻһΪĻᣬԽһ׳󣬾񾳽ѾԶˣ⻹ʲôġ
ոսãĪӾ;쵽˴֮нŲű
ĪǰڶعؿսĽʿѾ׼ˣĪǲǿԳˣ
Īվ첽߳˴ʣ̿˴ſһУճᡣ
һҹĪӸоᣬϵϢƺ֮ǰһЩҲһս⣬ƺһҹʱ䣬ϤѪҹصķΧص˵û뿪Ѫҹصʱ
ｫ쾫ܲĪ΢ЦŴ˸к
ˣЩصӸΪս£΢ЩиˣȻˣôҲиӲǣܶӸӵܱ档Ὺ˵
ƽһ£ǶΪ˵Ҳһĥ־£ӱΪս̿ɴϸѵҲһ֧Ѫ֮ʦ
ǾͳɣĪӵ˵ͷûмϾֱ׼ǰȥս
Ҫǰսģδһʿ䣬Ҫй۵һˣԼԼӸһЩɢ
ټѧ칤ѧɵһβһȥؾӪϾҪҲһ֮ţֹʲô
ҪǰȥսȻĪӵԼȥǹȥҪԼȥսڶؿǶȥ
Щǰ֧Ԯ׼ȥսӦһµĸݸѪҹػǱȽӵģϾǾӦһ£ս֮󣬲Ż׼
ΪˣѪĺרɳһСӣȥڶؿսȵ֮ʱĪӵ˷֣ǰսľȻֹһң鸮ʿ䣬Ҳһͬǰ
ܿ죬ĪӾ˽⵽鸮ʿ䣬ֻһѣӸ΢һЩһʿ䣬ҲӸʿһǰȥս
Īע⵽鸮ĶУͷ˾ȻһŮޣһ£ʷǳԼΪﵽ˴磬С
Īע⵽Էʱ򣬶ԷͬҲע⵽ĪӣĪӵΪֻ񾳽磬һ񾳽ڣɵҲеЩ⡣
˽⵽ӸĶ飬ŮҲȻˣϾԭʲôӣжǳȻѾ޸ˣҲйţפǨݣϾʱ仹̫̣ûеʱ
ǰڶؿ·ϣĪҲʼʹǹȥǸСӵĶӳϵĽ̸ţӶԷ˽һЩѪҹص
ѪҹһΪؿ˵һؿ֮⣬ʣؿķսߣʵñȽϳ
ӵؿǽʼ죬ÿԼʮʵһͱ֮ؾ䣬ֹһЩ֮иꡣ
սģѪҹصĵߣϾ֮󣬾ĵش֮ݺͻݣ˴ͨԱҪϷء
Ѫҹصߣȫѷɫ˺֮κһݣʼջѪҹصĳƺ
λСӵСӳ˵ʵѪҹҲ뽫ָĳһݵ֣һݵݵܺͣһѪҹҲܹһݣǶЩսĽʿ˵ϵҫ
Ǻ彻սôڶսУûռʲôˣԭȷǴһЩ򣬵һΣȫɥʧˡ
˵ʱСӵСӳ¶˷߿֮ɫĪҲǳܹ⣬ΪжõĽ˿ɣ֪öٽʿʬǶѻɣɽӴѪ˵Ӧ˿Ϊ
ˣǰǵڶؿˣֻҪϸǽǽܹս˴֮󣬴Īӵ˹СӵСӳָǰĹؿĪӵ˵
˵ڶؿĪÿһˣܹԶսս
СӳĴ£Īӵ˽˵ڶؿڣڲľ͵ؿںƣֻ֮£Ҫȵؿнࡣ
ؿڵĵһʱ䣬ĪӾͲһŨЩ̱ǵѪζж޵İ
һ·ĪСӵСӳʱ͵ǵڶؿˣӪĽʿҪǰһؿ֧֮ԮģЩӪ֮УǸոմսĽʿ
ЩǷ˷ˣӹʼڣмͣսʱûгһʱߣϸǽȥ
СӵСӳһ˵ţһߴųǽȥ;вٵĽʿأĪע⵽ܶĽʿ϶ж꽻սµ˺ۣһЩֱвȱ
ЩʿĪӲɵÿʵ岻Ƕڱ߹ؽʿ֫ȱᷢŶ֫ĵҩôЩʿ֫ȱģ
߹ǰߵʣǴδȱٹģ嶼ҲԲʣǰʣ˻ʳǲ֮⣬ĸţҲḺкܴһ֣֫ĵҩı߹ǰӦǲȱġ
СӳһЩʿ䣬ȻشŶЩСˣҪõ֫ĵҩһ㶼ȵ֫ȱһЩŻȥЩҩһС˲ֵãڶǷֵҩ֫Ḷ́ʵ̫ˡ
Сӳ˵ţƺ뵽һЩüͷɵ΢΢һ¡
ȵǽϣƯϿյЩǽ֮УһָǽȻ˱εЩǽ
ÿһǽԼܹһǧҵĽʿһ£ŵĽʿңѾ㹻ˡ
Īڵϸǽ֮̾͸оԼߣһӱǿܹ࣬ĵطøԶˣǸǽһá
ֲܹãȻ
ŷǽգĪӵĿҲͶսķŷǽãԶսĪһο
һȥĪȿģһƬڿУѪɫս졣
Ϸһս죬ĪӿΪѪɫս֮ϣһġġ֣Ī˲оϤΪսԨ
ս֮£һƬս죬Եһ֮佫ϵĸ֡
һƬսΧѪɫѪɷ֮⣬һƬɫţʵʰΧ£ѪɷΧϺѪɷš
Ѫɷīɫ֮£ɱսֳ棬ֻһۣĪӾҲƲĿˡ


һپʮ ս
ĪѪҹ֮ǰҲı߹ǰߣһսĻ棬ĪӵԺ֮УҲһǰУһƳĻ湩ο
ӳĪģһƬѪɫĺ˳һ㣬ƬѪɫԵģһƬɫĺ˿ƬѪɫ
Ƭɫĺ֮УĪӿ֮峤ص壬еĳΣеĻԭҰ޵̬еߴеȴǳС
˴˻Ŀţûг嵽ǰ֮ʩչ˸ֶΡ
Ƭɫڶ𣬻ֻ֣ĳЩӺߵӪ֮С
ĪӿúǺȻһʯ۵Сɽ壬һʯ۵Сɽ崩ѪɫѪɷ̺ƺһЩʣĹԣȴȻӪ¡
ʱѪɷγ޴ȭͷЩµʯɽһ˳ȥȴмʯɽ壬ڼɳȥһǣ˲һãȻɽʯ۵ľޣ㿪ѪɷһιȻӪС
һ˲䣬Щ·ɽʯ仯ɵľޣµһ̣޴ͽһЩսʿ̤Ϊһ̲ࡣ
ɽĪĿ΢΢һЩ̬ɽʯޣȻһɽһٶ׵ͣΪӪ̶̵ʱڣ˾޴
飬˵ڵһжǷޣɽľгĿԣɽǱȽϡٵġ
ͨʷһмأ廹ʱڣйɽɽݵľֱȼĻ֮󣬲Žɽıʡ
ȻǸǻۺʱСʱڣݵģԲֹɽһ֡
ֳݲŸոտʼ̫λ洫Եȼ֮𣬴ӴǿϢĵ·ò˵һ¡
ɽӴڳѪɷĻ֮£޷ʹƾǿȣɾ޴ɱ
ɽϡУӪ֮еҲֻĸڿʼɱĵһʱ䣬Ӫ֮еĸӭȥѸٵĽĸɽնɱ
ʱ֮УߵͲɱĳһ˿ңͳһ˿ңӪ̷˹һ˲к͵ĳ˹֮ʱƣôؾҵĲ
ɱ
ߣҲѸٵȶһ˿ңѪɫѪɷֱӭȥһս쳹أ
̶Ƭ̹ĹսվڷǽϵĪӣɫԽԽˡ
Ķ壬սչֳսʽĪ֮ǰҰǡǡ෴Ҳǳ·֪ӦʲôʱҲζԿѪɷȻнֹҲûκεĻҡ
ÿһϵ壬ʵѾǿǵĴڣҰޣҲ˼
ΪȽϵ͵壬߱ǻ۲ǿͷԻôģΪȽϸߵ壬ǵǻ˿壬һЩǻۼ壬廹Ҫ
һ쳹صս֮УһеµӰȴ࣬һս󲿷ֵΧһɫֵסˡ
ڼཻ̱˲䣬ǰЩκ֣һ̣Ȼ֮һ仯һԭΣ˼ʮ̬죬ϰ׸ߵľ޴ޣӪ
Գ׻yЩͻȻԭε֣Ī̽ǵӰԼڵ伮֮ж֪ʶһһӦ
Щ֣ǿ壬ÿһ߱ͨûеӵѪѪͨ
Ѫɷ֮УʩչκεǱ߱ͨƾž޴̺ܹ֮˺ε
ЩֳԭΣ׼͵˺֮ʱͬһǰ佫ϵĸ֣Ҳȫһ̻һˣʩչ˱ڡ
㹻ʿ£һ佫ܹӳս潻֮УԽս
һ̣Щ佫ͱӵ쾡£Щֳԭεľ޽ս˿·硣
ɱϾս֮ϣڵѾѹ˹糱ˮһ㣬Щ佫ܹסͷȴҲֲĹˡ
Īӿþ޴佫ϣһ˲͹ֻ壬Ȼ̼ͱ˳ûߵҲԮ
֮ս죬佫˲䣬Ϳٵı䵭ʧˣʱߴԨս죬ɢ貵ĺ⣬ս֣ں֮У彫ʿϵȻ֮һЩ
ɱ
һսͬʱϿյѪɷ۳һѼ⵶״Ӫ֣սǰƽ˷һ㣬˲佫ɫ󳱴˺ĹΪ֮һ
һĻĪ֪ڵһսߵͳ˧ԨˣĪڲݼԨսһվԨֶλϤ
ƿĹ󳱣ţѪɫĳɢһѪɫԲȦĴֱȦһԲȦ֮УȻֱʳ
һĪûмսЧǳĲܿ죬ĪӾͼһԲȦϵսеЩ壬ȫԲȦսĹ֮бնɱ
ͬģҲһЩԲȦƣȦڵ˳ԲȦЩʿǲ
սڷɿı仯ţʩֶΣսֲϵ£˵ҲԽԽ࣬߶˿ˣƺսһһ䣬ⳡսҲֹͣ
ĪϸĿԶһУս֮ϣıһʬߵĽʿʬҲʬ
Ī룬ڽеⳡսѵҪȵһ׵⣬ŻôϢ֮
ʱһĹȥҹĻҲܿĽˣǰսȴȻңдսˣƺǵҲѾˡ
Ѫҹصһ֮ǰ֪ʱѾ˴սʿ壬ҲһξۼһƬɫ˳
ɱ
³һ彫ʿս룬һսȻȷһ棬뵽ս֮С
ЩʿսֵͬʱĪӿԭѾս˺ܳʱЩĽʿѸٵսź󷽳ȥ
ĪͻȻ֮佫ĿջأӸ·ڶؿ֮ڵЩӪأЩսϳõ˱ʱѾӪ֮Ϣˡ
֮ܲ󣬵ƻָǻ̤սոմսϳЩˣҲ
ʱѾˣ˻صؿȵգҴλǰսҹĻѾˣǰսûͣ£ĪǽսȴԸһˡ


ڶ Գ
ӵڶؿ֮ǰĪҿЩոմսսʿЩսʿĲ״ĪӸᵽⳡսĲҡ
ȥ·ϣЩմսսʿǵһֱþõĪӵԺĪڻȥ·ԵñȽϳĬ
ղսϵɣĪû˵λСӵСӳȴЦŶĪӿˡ
Īԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷشȷ֮ǰҾѾǰսܲңӾ𺳡
ʵⲻʲô֣ȻǰսӲһЩûеؼʱ̣ȷƺǿǲͣЪʽĹͳ˧ӽսһֻ֣ûг׵ѹСӵСӳԣĪ˵
ȻֻһСӵСӳСӳĿǰľƣȻҲԼķ
ĻĪӵȤç֮гӢۣرھУһͨˣսֻ£ɳɱٶȶǷɿģΪɿǰܣٶȲ춼ˡ
ʳ֮Ľ̫ͻȻˣȻ֪֮͵ľԭ򣬵ȻûнѹһԭǳڽһĿģӦڴѹѪҹڽʿʿСӳĪ˵
Ѫҹصڽʿս֮ܵõ뷷⣬ʿǸʳأʿò뷷⣬ڽʿǵʿѾܵһЩӰ죬ȵʱԽԽսĽʿԽԽ࣬ôʿضһٵսضܵӰ졣
ʶպܹϽСӵСӳĪӷǳĶŶԷ˵
СӳΪֻڣʹʮңӦò̫ڣļʶҲ˵жڣĪȴϵһ㣬ǾĽǶȣѾʼ˴ֹۣͷǳˡ
佱ˣǾͽԣϣպҲܵϽСӳԹһЦ
һ·Ͻ̸ţȻصؿ֮ʱʱѾˣʿʼӪظȥĪҲҪһͬߵʱȴܵһĿԼϣתͷȥһ־Ȼ鸮λͷŮޡ
ĪӵĿŮ޵ĿⲢûƿ΢΢Īʾһ£Ȼһȥ
Ů޵Ŀ⣬Ī΢룬Ȼ˴˸кŮ޵ķȥ
ӸĪӣѡߵλŮ޵ߣĪ̿˵
ʵ񾳽ΪһλŮޣĪϰߣضһǰӸͷˣֻһϵͷˣȴҲӸ档
鸮أѣؿǰĪӣҲԼ֡
֪صкҪ£ڱ˴֮ͨĪֱӿѯʶԷԼĿġ
ӸͷˣѪҹأӦûʶĵѣҹмλۣһͬǰȥ֪ΡҲûӣֱӱ㿪˵
Īԣ˼ԷĿƺҪԼȥһЩǰ֧Ԯݸͷˣڹؿ֮ڣʱʲôΣգȥҲ޷
էܼطͬǵȻǺ£ͷصˡĪţ̾ʹӦ
ǵѾͺһͬǰȥɣԵ˵ͷĪһȥ
˹ؿ֮еһطȻ߽һ֮УʮˣĪһɨжʱһݡ
üһڳʮˣûһ˵Ϊڴ硣Ī֪ҪݸͷˣΪԲܵΣһԼôĴ֣黹Щ
˽ڳЩĸ֣׷װĿ䵽˽غĪӶϣ׵Īӣ˲оԼʮĿ´š
λӸĪѣոոյѪҹأǰȥսʱˣĪһͬǰˡؿڳˣĪӽܸҡ
Ŀ֮£Ī¶һ΢ЦȻ˹һ񣬡ӸĪӣλѣ
ʮλֵĿע£ĪӴʱֵĲӣֹ񣬶ôһ˿øС
ĪӵΪڳת֮䣬һоȻˣϾԭʲôӣжģһλ񾳽ͷҲпԭ
Ҫԭ򣬻Īӵ䣬;߱񾳽ΪôĪӵ䣬˵ɾͻҪ֮ϡ
ڱ˴˴к֮ĪҲʱıСȦӽˣϾҲӸͷˣȻΪڳʱ̫ϣҲڷֶĳ档
ǱߵĹԽԽǿˣҹһʵǿ壬ܿǹɣӦͨһЩ̫͵ʵΪǿҺˮλ֣δܽԷ£ϧ̫һڵڻδ֡ȵĪӺ֮еʮĸֿ֣ʼղŵĻ⡣
ҲһߣҲ˼ĸ֣ҺŸּʱһλҸ֣ǵնɱһϧʣµļˡǰ˵˻һ䣬̾˽ӻ
ҵȥĵطһλ̫״е壬һЩеĵսҲδǸ塣

ڽ̸ţĪﰲţͬʱ̸֮еϢ
ѪҹʵҲ٣˸ݸͷ֮⣬һЩӦʳٵɢޣСŵĵӡ
ĪϵսĶǳޣЩҪãս
УͬҲУ̫λ洫ȫнķʽԲ壬廹壬̫λĴжǴڵġ
ɵ̫ͣĴѾ˳ص֮У̫λĴУ̫͵ĴУˡ
Щͬӵие壬ͨô࣬ԱͨǿѪ츳á
֮ǰĪѾ˽⵽ѪҹصսñȽϳսоսȽԶļطߺֵս
սУߺЩֶܹŵÿֽţͬʱÿһνսֻҪնɱ֣˫кܴջ
˵ʵǿô⴦սϣܿ죬ܻȡջ
˵սһֱȽϺķʽҲԽ֮ΪԳҲˡ
ĪӺضǸյѪҹزã˶ﰲţ֪ݱĪҪһЩҲûк̫࣬ϾҲֻǸá
ĪѣصѣλôãѾ˽Ĳˣ֪Ȥȥʶһ֣ĲˣһλĸתͷĪӺضʵ
ĪӸоԷ˵ʱĿԼͣʱȽϾãϾԼΪȽϵͣȥʶһµĻЩΣա
лѺˣ˹֪Ϊ΢Ȼȥʶһ£ĪûԷĿ⣬ֱվȭ˵


ڶһ ҹ
ĪӵĻһ˵ڣ֮еЩĸ֣һĪӵĿ֮УʱһЩЦ⡣
û˳ЦĪӣ෴Ҷ÷ǳ⣬һλ񾳽ߣѪҹĵطСΪϣܶԼ֪ˣܹøá
ʵ˵ĪҲȥʶһһԳϧʵʵãղżλ̸߽ʱĪдĸֶսˣԼһ񾳽ʿ֣Щ̫Σˡ
ѲصģҹǰԳŸ˴죬ҵȶμӣֻҪȥʶһ£ǽҹõĻˡ
ղҵ̸õЩˣսУȻд壬񾳽ҲеġղλѯʵĴʿЦŶĪϸϸ
ĽͣĪӺߵףԭֵĽ棬Ҳֻдϵĸ֣ʵ񾳽ġ
ҲԣǴϸֵĽ棬ǻʳαغɢ޸ǰߡԷĽͣĪа뵽
һһλĸҲڶĪ˵ѣС΢Ǻ£ȻѪҹأҪսģ֮;Щʱ;
лָ㣬Ȼˣǰȥ;У뼸λܹһ£ĪӶһλֵͷ˵
ղ˵λڳôിʿ֮Уеɢ޸֣ղĪӽԼʱֻ˵Լһλ٣ûᵽԼţ֪ĪҲһλɢޡ
ͬΪɢޣҲ⿪һ¡
ŵĸ֣ôിĸ֣ĪԼҲһӣ򲻹ĸ֣ҪУĪӾԼģǲȥϾǰߣҲҪЩġ
ĪӾȥһԵȻǲ˵Ǵĸ֣ԭҪȥġ
еһҹѾԽԽҲûжʱˣʱһαƿλŮ˽
λŮ޽ڳվĪҲͬվλŮޣŵĸˣϵķѾһ㡣
ĪϸǰŮޣΪ̫صţ˿Ⱦѷɫڳ˱֮⣬Ϊ֪ģƵľ෨ôҽֵģȴŵŮޡ
ΪţһȫֻŮԵţֻŮԵţ֮⣬ֻ̫ɹˡ
ǰŵĸ֣Ϊﵽ˴磬Īӵĸ֪֮Уλŵĸ֣Աڳе˶ǿ
ڳЩĸ֣ǵƺһĪϢĪӸо˺ǿв
ȥһЩ飬øλѾõˣھͳˡ߽֮УŵĸҲûͷλֱӿ˵
ҲûеȶãȻλѵˣҵʱԳһλĸԣЦſ˵
߳ĪҲ˵⣬ʱΧ֮У½߳һЩˣ뵽һĶС
ЩΪ񾳽磬ΪȽϸߵģﵽ񾳽Ķ壬봿ҲֻʣһţΪ͵ģҲΪĪ¡
Щ˵ļ룬Ī̤ʵһ㣬ô񾳽ĸּ룬֮ǰλֽܵʵӦòʲô롣
һȺ˰뿪˵ؿ߳˴ʮ֮ŵŮͣ˽Ų
ʹֿɣλֿһλŵŮ޿ڵһ䣬ŵŮͷͬʱƮһŰ׹⣬ڳ˶סâ֮䣬׹һΪֱȥ
ĪֻԼһ΢ЩΣ屻һ͵ţԵľɿĴԼǰӹڷٵƶ
̶֮ĪӸоԼͣΧľѾ׵ıˡ
Ŵɱ磬ŵݷĪĿǰֻʣһλŵĸ֣ĿֱֱĿŶԷͷƯŵĹš
ղŮʩչֶΣźպĶݷҲеĶݷ
ŶݷǳأҪŵĴɱܹʩչֻ֮һң޷ֺţЧҲǳǿڴһɶݵ£ܹ֤ٶȣ˵Ŷݷˡ
ͷߵˣֻʣ˸ղŵ֮һңȺ֮УĪȴء
Ǵ˴ˣĪҹ۲ʱλŵĸǷųʶȻ󿪿˵
һ䣬ͷٴɢâڳ֣âһĪӾһθոյĸо
һʱ̣ܶһ֮䣬ĪӾٴͣΧ龰ĪӾ;쵽һһɾϮ
أ
һײǹϮľ磬һɫĹâס
ݵʱ䣬ĪӵҲȫΧ龰һƱȽϿĵشΧ߷ǳĿȴǿӿݣвսĺۼ
˵ǰվһȺЩŹֵӰÿһΣŨȴǵݡ
Īӵ˳֣Щûκεķϻֱӱ㷢˹
һŵŮ޵סˣĪڵҲӦ˹ȫóԼķŶЩ壬Ҳͬ˹
ĪīȣŶЩ壬˼ת硣
ЩҪһЩΪûĪôֲֻĸ壬ʣ»߰˸񾳽ʿ
ƾ˵϶ߵʿռƣ£ǿԷһս
ţѾһӽĪӵߣںĪӽ֮ǰͱһ񾳽ʿסˡ
ѣкնɱջҸȡһ롣񾳽ʿһޣͬʱĪӵĶ
ã
ĪӸɴĴӦߵսҪʲôأȥֱӴˡ
Īīӳͬʱǰһ꣬ȥ˲սš
޵Ϊ൱ߵڣһţһķһ֣ĪӾ̸оԷʵ
Լӳīȣ޵ķײȻûռ˿ˣֱӱ˻
ֽסīȣĪתڵһ㣬һӵðϲƶȥ
ĪӼ룬񾳽ʿȻʵ˵Χ£һӾ·硣
Īһߺ񾳽ʿԿǰޣһעΧһ޽ԼĶ֣ͻȻܳ͵Ϯ߰пܻĳصޣͻȻ֮䷢𹥻
Ȼ廨ţľǸֶԵıܣѪ֮еģڸղλ̸ֽ֮УĪѾ˽⵽ڽ֮УȻŻ͵ϮѾõļˣԲò


ڶ 
һﱾ嵽ʲôôƤģеīٴλǰ޵ϣһƵʹ죬ĪȴЩˡ
ĪӺλʶ񾳽ʿͬʱսһ壬ȻĹ۲ΧĪϵĶȴûܵʲôӰ졣
ʵЩǿĹ֣ĪеīȣΪҲֻʣһ֮ңɴڶԷϣܹɵ˺ȴǳޣһԵʿҲͬеķҲûж˺
ǰֻǷȽǿֶβôĿǰ˵Χ£ǳ顣
ĪһֱڷעΧһսҲʿΧһʿĿǰѾȡþԵƣƺϾҪսˡ
ɾʱĪӵʶ׽һ޵Ǵս
Ȼжڰе壡ĪһתʶǱսʿ
λСģжڰе׼͵Ϯǡ
ӵĪӵĴλʿжһ̽עŵΧڰи׼͵Ϯ˵ķӦû˿ԥ˲仯һӰһɫ磬ֱʿȥ
ʿĪӵѣʵѾ˷ǶԷٶʵ̫ˣǸ
Ӱӹһ񾳽ĸֱ֣ӱ˺룬һʿӦһЩֱֻһ˺ۡ
𣡡ԭʿѹŴޣһҲһŭʣµ񾳽ʿȥ
Ѿңʣµ񾳽ĸֿһĻɫ̱Щңһ߽赲ţһ߷һ
ȵʱ򣬸ղŷ͵ϮǵӰһγ֣һɫ磬׼ȡ񾳽ֵ
ֻһʧˣһ֣ɭĺ⣬ڰҹգֱǰ

ײ𣬽һµӰֱ֣סǵӰ
̫һڵĽޣĪӿͻȻֵµӰЩ⣬ͬʱҲЩȻ
ڰŻ͵ϮõļԼ˶֪οЩѾսߣǵȻ̫һڵĽޣӦþרŶԸŰ޵ˡ
ΪҲ񾳽磬ǽԹκһ񾳽ĽޣȱʿνͬҲ߱ʵ
ۿԼӵһղǱ񾳽ʿûһڸղűѹŴ±ԭ˲ѹסһޣֻʣһ̵ת˹
Īע⵽һĻת֮䣬Īӵָ۳һξӨˮǰƤȥ
ղſĪ˹ޣĪӵˮ֮ʱĸ֪еһɾ޴вղӲӡ
ϧĪ˵Χ£޷ۿһˮٽŭһɢŨĺڹ⣬һַǳؼ͵ĸо
һξӨˮڶԷϺڹ£ȻıסˣˮεԽԽСΡ
֮УĪĹ䵽ǰ޵ϣԷһڹⶼͻƲˡ
ֵı嵽ʲôҲ̫ǿ˰ɣðĺڹ⣬ȻǶԷѪͨˣǿķĪӴһ
ϵĺڹҲûг̫ʱ䣬ڹϨһǣĪٴһξӨˮͬʱ˲ϣֲɽֱָָ޵üġ
ò׵ֿסĪһˮһˮһȻûô׵ֵסˡ
£ҲǵϣѡֳԼԭΣֵһεˮ
˲䣬ԭεޣٵͣͬʱ䶯һֻȫɫŽĹЩţ֫ǳ̣жĹŹа״С
һξӨˮ䵽ϣƿһ̵ĺƤɵ˺ȴȽޡ
Ӵĺôһ׳˿ڣһ˵ѾǳˣЩӴľϣȴֻ΢ġ
ޣ޵ԭΣĪϳֵֻݡ
ţ㰫ΪʳϲڻɽƤڶͣǿԷơ
裡
ֳԭε޽һЩʹ࣬ҲţĽ
һ֮ˮ˵ˣȻˮֻССһΣ̺ǳ֮һ̱ӳֱԼĪһ׵˿ڣֻ˿ڲôҲȷЩʹ
ܿȻֹˣΪĪӵӰѾͷ֮ǰ˫ֲΪָһϹ⣬ɿĵ㵽Ķͷϡ
ͨǹˮ
һָǹˮ˳Īӵָ⣬޵Ķͷ׼ҪĶȫͣסˡ
˶˫֮УȻ֮һϹ⣬Ȼ䵹أͻȻ֮ʧȥϢ
⣬ѺֶΣĪһԸ޵񾳽ĸ֣ȻصޣһĨ֮ɫȻĪӿڵ
û뵽һΪԼʿȻ˿µֶΣһָƤƵޣȻء
Īӻջ֣ͷ˶ԷһۣСѣѹˣǻȥλѰɣ
˵ţĪתȥһߣǸѾҪ֧Ųס񾳽ʿȥĪһʿ˿޵ʬ壬Ȼֿ˿ǱߵʿҲתȥǱߡ
ǱѾ֧ŲסʿԭѾЩˣѾʹ˻ԼСͨȻⲻԼΣ֡
ۿʩչѪͨͷϳһͷ­ӰȻ󷢳һﳹ׵ľˡ
ʱһɫĹâȻ֮ƿնһǿݺݵ޵ĺԡ
޿ûǿķɫâҵԵһ˲䣬ε˲ֱӱҷ˳ȥȻûеҲ˵ĲᣬǶЩ塣
Īһ֣ﷴЩ⣬Ϊܹסһû뵽һӾͻ˶Է
Ȼ޻ˣڿɲиʱٴνīеУĪתŵزޣǺݺݵһһΣ޵ͷ­ֱӱīȴˣһŤ֮ԭΡ
һ̲ѪҺΧ̶һѪȵζòΧս˻ע⵽ߵ
㲻һĪתͷһͿµĽޣһ޵ʬ壬Լ
Ǹʬ忴˵СĪȴСƣʱ屾ԽӴ󣬴屾ʵԽǿ
ⲢǾԣһЩȽص壬ǵѪܻ֮ᷴͨĴСжǵʵ
ллĪӿ½ޣͻȻЦЦ˵


ڶ 
ǫһ£ǰǽԱ˵Ŀ佱˶ǫһ£ĪƽʱҲˣλ½޵Ŀ佱Īȴûˣֻǵĵһл
½üëϸ´ĪӣȻûٿڣֻǸɴתȥ
лȡѵλ뿪ĪӾµλʿ̿ڸл
ѹȻʵûеĪӿڣһλ񾳽ʿҲæϧûе֣սѾˡ
Ī΢ЦǵͷĿȴΧ˿ΧطһϵʿսļǼλĸֵֽĵط
Ī׼ȥˣʱߺͻȻֹͣˣûĪӷųʶȥ̽鵽ô£ǰһһٻӰǰλŵŮޡ
Էһ֣ĪӾ͸оλŮ޵䵽ԼϣϸĴԼ
ӵĿ⣬ĪӸоЩܣԷ·ڿʲôϡﾡϡ֮ɫ
Īû̫ãΪܿģʿҲ˹һĪӷһϸղȥǸ͵ܹлмһЩˡ
Щʿ߹֮ĪӷּλʿҲʶԼһ㣬ҲĿ⿴Լ
ѾˣǿȥʰһսƷ׼ȥе˶ˣŵλŮޱ㿪˵ĪһλʿĿ⿴Īӡ
ʼλ񾳽ʿĪһԸ޵ʱ˾Ѿ˵ãսƷȡһ룬ûʲô˵ģһλ񾳽ʿȫǱĪӾµģǸ壬˵Īһ˵սƷ
Īӿ˶ԷһۣҲûпʲôֱǰȥǸʬ޵ʬ壬λ񾳽ʿȵȥ֮ٷ֡
Īһջʿ࣬һλŵӿ£񾳽ʿԽҹҹԲɹ
˻صؿʱ򣬾һʱ䣬Ȼܿɢȥˣ֮ǰĪӼǼλĸߵĪӵߣһ΢Цſ˵
ĪѲӸͷˣֶιȻҹĲÿҹҵȶڴСۣϾԳ²μҹԣҵҲԻཻһ¡
лѣĽᣬ֮áĪЦŵͷ
֮ǰǱģҪΪӸͷ˵ݣһΣȴʵϿɣһֵСȦӣʵĺô
Щĸ֮УضĪӵʵΪȵģҹĪһģȫûϵĪӻʵȻڵһҹ֮ն
һȽϰݵĵطҲһóսţںͲó촬ЩƣóƷ£ȻȫŮޣǿŮ޾֪Ů޵ıҲǱȽϸߵġ
Ϊóսȴһ֮ھύһЩʵȽǿĸ֣Īɢޡ
֮ǰغĪӵǽȽ϶࣬ҲûԼĿġ
ܵĪӻصӪ֮ʱѾˣʣһĽʿ׼ǰڶؿǹսĪӾѡ˽Ӫ֮УҹջҪʱһ¡
Լ֮УĪӵǰڷźüװʿʬ塣
ЩɲЩͨ壬ѪǷ壬ǵʬҲǼֵǷͱ˵޵Ƥ͹ǣƷǳõĲϣر޵ƤǳľˣƷ£ʺϲˡ
ʱ䣬ȥݷһصѣܲڰæƼ¡ĪӶ޵ƤѾˣӦô
ϵĶڷָսƷ֮ʱĪ˴룬Ȼտʼ˵˸ȡһ룬նɱޣҪĪӳԼӦõĶĪҲûƴǡ
ͽ֮еĶͶĪвСİʣµļĪЩˡ
ޣһҲдķĴ﷨ҪǴִķǷǳ
ߣȫõǴûзĴ﷨ҪΪƴĲϣë˿Ƥ֮Ķȡǳס
Īϵһʶ̽еĽƣϸоһ£Ȼܿ˴
Ȼ֪ԼܻвСջ񣬵ĪӿĶʱ򣬻ǱԼջһ
ޣĪеõЩʿµĴ֮ͬУģǶѻɽĸֽġ
ϲʳͨķָеĽģԽĽģ˵Խкôܹķøǿ
ѽ֮Улмﵽ˱ĵĳ̶ȣѷɫĪīȵī
ռ˴Ľ֮⣬Ҳ٣ҩͷ֮ĶҲһЩЩ̫ķӦǶԷλʿ϶ȡġ
ȵȥ֮÷۵ƻͿˡ֮еĶĪ뵽
÷۵Ī˲֮󣬾͸֮ϵ軹Ƿȱ֮⣬ԭǸĵǷȱ֮еĶ÷۵ģͲ㹻ˡ
Īע⵽֮Уżʽ岻ͬ򣬶ʱĪ˫һ
ԴĻȡȻĪӸˣ֮£֪ʶĻȡĪ˷ܡ
Ǽȡ˳ĪûȲȥϸĹ۲ûʲô
򣬸о֮ܽΪθһƬףֻúࡣ
ȷϹûн֮ĪӽʶͶУ֮̿мصݣȻĪӾˡ
𣿡
֮еݣĪӸĪӲ֪ôݣ֣֮ĪӵջأԺ֮ȴû¹ֵİӡ󣬷ǳ档
Ҹһ£ЩĶһʱ֮⼸ݣĪҲû⣬ԼӦܹöҽһߡ
ĪһǺնɱǸϵģϵĴֹһĪ֮УҲǸģȻûôĽģȴƤë
֮УĪջ˼ö򣬲һΣȴöģЩ֮⣬֮ûʲôĪӾϲˡ
ϻʣһĪӴ֮ʱĪԭ飬ȴ˲תдҲ΢΢Щ
Īϵɫһ仯˫֮ð⣬գĪӼＷ֡
󣡡


ڶ ī
Ī֮Уû֮еģջеװŵĶʬǡ
֮УǧʬǣЩʬϲƵļУЩƵıǵݣսս彫ʿʬǡ
Ѫҹصսս彫ʿʬǾջģڴɨս֮ʱ彫ʿʬǣûа취ջ
رǵս·磬Ǿ͸ûдɨսĻˡ
Ҳˣʿ˵ֵѪڵǵĹͷƤëܹΪͬ˵Ѫ꣬Ҳõ̲Ʒ
սսĽʿǰ붼ĻѪ㣬鵤ҩһ彫ʿʬ¶Ǹ˵Դ
ĪӽϵĴװʬĴתȥ档
ѪҹרȥʿʬĵطҲרŸЩʿʬˣĪӽǴ
ȵ֮Ī֮УղǸ֮е彫ʿʬһʶ֮䣬ͻǲɵ͵ģֻһʤߡ
˼άɢ֮䣬Ī뵽ҹովҹԣƺ嶼ǳĬѪҹǰ߽Ļԣ˴˶֣Ҳͬ
ĪӾãⲻһԣһֽ棬ͬҲһִ
˫μҹԵģ񾳽ϵպЩ˵Ϊпٴߣ֮˻ɾԪɡ
ǰЩ˸ɵǾ͵˵ǰĨɱ֮пܻԪɵӡ
ΣպͻԵģĿĵ£ɺĬĽҹԣҲΪ֮УЩܹӦ˻ܻøĳɳ
Īεջ񣬽նɱޣõĺôѾ㹻Īһʱˡ
˼άɢһĪӺܿ񣬲ٿЩ⣬ʼ𼸸еĶЩԼõĶʱòϵĶҲűࡣ
еĶʰ֮ĪӵǰֻʣһɫʯһȭͷСŲ۵Ĺâʵطǳ͸΢΢ɢһЩ⡣
û뵽ȻõǰɫʯĪ¶Цݡ
ɫʯˮīҲһֱģҪǣī֮׳īֱ֮ʷǳĽӽˮīīֱĿԺ׵һ
ĪӵīȾ뷨ֻʣһ֮ңŵ֮䣬˴Ѿһϵľһţˮīĳ֣ĪӾãʱīȽΪˡ
ڹؿڣطȴ̫ʡΪŨѪɷԭ򣬹ؿ֮еǳϡĪȻսƣӰ̣ΪΧѪɷԵʣīȽɷʲô⣬Щ̫ˣԻǾһ°ɡ
ĪһֱȵϣʣһǰսĽʿǻˣĪŴһкת뿪Ӫء
Ӫ뿪֮󣬾һЩ飬ĪӲ뿪ؿȻ뿪ؿ֮Լϰ֮ҵһʵĵطȽŨ
óԼīȣǿˮīĪΧ½ȻͿʼˮī뵽ī֮С
ˮīΪģ䱾ʵδʵǿֲϣûڵķѲϳ׵ƻ
ĪǰһˮţȰīͶУȻĪгһ齣ʼˮīı棬ýйβ
δˮī񣬸ֵס齣ĽУڴ̶Ĺβ֮У̱һĩȻĪӵĲٿ£뵽ˮ֮С
ЩĩһˮţȻȻʷǳӽīȵı棬īȱʵرøƯˡ
ĪӲϵýȥβ䣬ǰˮīҲԽԽСˮ֮еīȣҲŹâ
ڣڴԼһʱ֮ˮīڱĪȫΪ˷ĩ뵽ˮ֮еīڡ
Īӽе齣Ȼ˫ǰˮţʼٵתˮתĹ֮Уˮ֮еīȣȴھһĶ죬ˮī񳹵׵뵽ī֮С
ܿ죬תˮԽԽСͺ뵽ī֮УȵīȵˮȫʧʱǰīȣͻȻųǿҵĹâ
ˣĪ˫֮һ⣬ӳһǰīȰ룬˫۵ģī֮С
īȽһĪѾг񣬴˿Ĳ֮£ī֮еľŵʼ˴ںһ
ŵı˴ںϣĪ֮еĻҪ˳ûзĹһͿʼںϣűɱ䡣
ܿ죬ĪӾͿǰīȱâԽԽǿΧ˽ǿ´ʱīȽĶѾ˲ˡ
ǿҵĹâƺһٽ㣬ͻٽ֮ĪӸоΧˮľ쳣Ծͬʱһ֮ΧɢĪߵĲľһ˲θߡ
һ˲䣬âʤ˥Īǰīȣŵȫںϣɱһɹ˷
ûκ⣬ȫˮɣĪڼī֮ʱʼȷķÿһļĪﶼǵķǳټϸղŵˮīīȱʵ˺ܶ࣬һ׾٣Ḷ́Żô˳
סǰīȣĪƽӴһǣԵĸоīȵĲͬԭ̺һ˿֮øǿˣУܹо֮ķ
ȣڵһ㣬ĪΧĵѸٷ˱仯ľεض֮䣬ΧγһСƬ֡
֮ȻԱģ΢һзܣĪֵ⡣
ŵīȣһīȣ֮ĲȫĲ࣬ͷ֮ľ޴蹵
еīȣӦīȴ֮ķĪӺȻУڵʼתʶʶеĹͼֻޱˮ֮еһŲ
һΣĪӲûǿֻһݣһ
¸ϵޱˮ򽻽֮ԭ˿˿Ƶ֮ʼϵ׳󣬸Ũ֮ӵĪӵϣҲͬɢޱˮ֮С
ãĪӵʶͼһ̣ϵϢȻ֮һ䣬Ȼֹܿƽ
һ˲й¶ϢĪԭϢǿ˲١
û뵽īȽΪص֮ȻΪҲͻƣ֮ϲ˫ۣĪӵͷһеīȣ¶һõЦݡ


ڶ ĸ
߼ʼʱȽףͻԽԽѣһ֮ѵѪǲΪ˵Ҳ
ɹһ̣ĻرҲ㹻ѵѪ
Īԭ񾳽ȻѾӽˣǰٶȣ»һʱ䣬ܹﵽ磬īȽΪķȴĪֱӿԽʱ䣬ﵽ񾳽ڣͬʱ֮Ҳһ̨ס
صؿ֮ĪӾͿʼԼΪͬʱϤΪīȵı仯
ΪīȽ˷еһƺҲٽĪʶ֮첻⣬ڶγɣһŲתŵķģԱøˣԼѾһƵγɣҲò̫õʱˡ
ĪڹΪӸĽʿѪҹأݵӦʱܿͽˣʼеһЩĪΪһϵͷˣȴҲÿ춼ĪʾһЩ顣
Ѫҹصĵ죬ĪӺӸĽʿҪһطˣҪǰڶؿʱ׼ս
˵ƽʮʿѾֻʣ²˵Ӹʿս֮գܺһȥĻж١ٴӵؿǰڶؿ·ϣĪӵС˵
Īԣתͷһ۶Է飬ȴûдϿһ˿µı飬һս⣬ƺ˵仰Ϊģֻµġ
սƣҪҶսʿܷʵؼϡĪûдӶԷɫ֮пʲô˵
Ϊߣսϳ飬Ĳóģսƣ򲻵ѣĪҲֱ̤뵽սУһ񾳽ʿս֮Уܷӳʵ̫Сˡ
˵ǣʵҲǵЩʿսزѪҹأȻս׼ֻǣ˺û뷷⣬ڤ֮󣬽ʿǻܿడĪӵĻϵıõһЩ˵
ƽЩʿʱʮѾȥʿӢ꣬ʳΰأ
ĪӳĬǰλСӵСӳ˵ĻһѪҹսĽʿԽԽ࣬ȥĽʿӢ޷õãôƱػᵼʿͣӰ쵽彫ʿսڣƺѾˡ
˵֮䣬ڶؿѾܽˣǰսɼҡ
Īӵٴ̤ڶؿ֮УѾԹսߵݣ׼սľˣȻڹؿ֮Ӫ
ӸߵľƺڽؿӪ֮󲻾ã߽ϵսͻȻֹ֮ͣˡ
ܿ죬ǽ֮ĽʿͽϢ͹ͣˣƺһѸ͵Ĺơ
ʱͣˣѪҹصǰߣˣѾս˺ܾõһЩʿܹˡ
ȻҲǳף幥ʱͣЪֻһ͵ĹݵͣЪҲѵõĴϢ֮
ѪҹصһؿĳǽϣһڼеԨŶӪϿκεж˫֮еҲͬһˮκεĲ
£Ǳƺֿʼˣһڣǰ߱һЩʿԨߣ˼ͬŶӪ˵˵ɫ֮Щֹƺʲô̫˵ڡ
ôѾޱ𣿡Ԩע⵽˼ϵɫתͷһۣͳĿʵ
ˣݸ֧ԮĴ࣬ĿǰĹƣȫԳŵסǣսĽʿ̫࣬ʿǵƺЩȶ΢ҧҧ˼ǰҪ˵Ļ˵˳
ҲѾʮˣʲôֱԱɡԨûлͷĿɿŶӪ˵
ǳͶֱˡ˵ϣ˼Ҳֱ˵
£ӿսѪҹսĽʿĿ°ӢУÿ컹дսʿӢ걻ͽȥЩӢȴòӦе뷷⡣
ƽĽʿѾ΢ʣ֧ԮѪҹصģһʮʿѾ򣬻ݵĿɽͬʮʿֻʣ˲ʿѾǳ䡣
Ľʿڵڶؿ֮УȻԸΪػ彮ս˼һӰ쵽ݸĽʿ
˵˼˼Ѿǳˣ˵ʱսĽʿ̫࣬ΪսȴòӦе뷷⣬Ѿʼĸˡ
Ԩ˼Ļϵɫƺû˿仯ڳǽϵһֻ֣ȴ΢΢˽ʾеĲƽ
֪һжĸɵģѡ񲻴Ӧ󣬾ǲԸ⿴һĻ
ˣ뿴һվѾˣģֻǽ߾ȫȥֲϾĸʡ
ǱأôԨʵ
˹һ֮ǰϢˮƺһٽݶȡƷǳң˹׼ԺкΪ磬кסˮĹƣŵİӦû⣬ֻǣݵĽʿͬС˼̻㱨
ǣأԨʳ֪⡣
ڻûκһλԪɷأԣ֪˼ԣҲԨ֪˵˳
ı߹ǰߣȻٲԪɾϵֲεĸֽ֣Ѫҹߵսһ㶼ѡطͷ֮ϣǲܸӷŵÿֽš
Ԩ˼ĻشĿϣȻ΢΢˵ͷûмʲô
£Դս֮ѾδϢ廹ڻ磬ȥϢһ£ٴη𹥻֪ͨŲʲôԨ˼룬һεĿڡ
ˣΪͳ˧ҵվ·ʿŻᰲģʱ䲻̫ãȥһ£ٵǲʮʿ׼ӦһγԨҡҡͷȻ˼Ը
ǣԣ˼ûмȰԨôãԨƢ˽һһȰ飬ڶҲͬĽ
˼뿪֮Ԩ߶ӪϵøŨ˫֮һ˿â
ţĿսЩڳʱʰսʿʬǵʿ䣬еĺâȥȡ֮һָӵɫ
ս˶꣬ѾԨܹļǵãԼһζµʿһθУǻԼոս֮ʱçײ⣬оΧ֮Уʿ˲ء
Ǵ֮Ԩͷɿɱɳںս֮аܼҲûйθС
һΣԨսϵЩʬٴ־ΥθУεģڻ޷ֲ
뵽ղ˼˵ĻԨһĨȻ֮ɫ
ʱӦѾˣ


ڶ ʱ
ڶؿ֮ӪԭĪΪԼܼܿλųƵǿҵĶԶǽڶؿʱ䣬Īӵ˲ûеõԶĽӼǽӴԶµһλ佫
ʱҲŵģÿ춼ҪӸĽʿԶµλ佫Ľʿһͬѵս֮ǰ׼ˡ
ǳԵǣӸӪԱߣ鸮ӪأϾǺӸʱ࣬ԽڶؿʱҲ࣬ӪҲǽŵġ
Īѣʱ䣬鸮ӸĽʿӦսˡʱ֣ѪȴŨѪɷɫޣĪӺڳǽϣĿǰͻȻ˵
Īԣ΢΢˵ͷŵڶؿڵĽʿϤֻΪ˽һϤһս֮ĸֽ˶ʱ䣬־ƣҲû̫ʱǡ
˵ˣһϸͳ˧¸һȺİľӣҲܹٵӦֵգĵǲ
Īѿɲ⼸գؿݸľӣƺʿ˲٣ĪӵͷĿɨһ۹ؿ֮еЩӪأٴζĪ˵
ĪԣٴεͷȻ󿪿˵صԣҲע⵽ˡ
⼸ʱ֮УĪӷ֣мصݸӪأʿӣ˶ܹЩʿʿ䣬ҲӰ쵽ΧһЩʿ
ĪӶԴ׼ãѪҹصļλͳ˧ԲϾȥȷӰ쵽ʿǵս
ĪӺ߶Ѿ⣬ЩĽ죬Բûв
ĪЩɻǣѪҹصļλͳ˧ƺĶԴʱûʲôӦ
˵ڸոշʱ򣬾ҪĽɱѿ״ֹ̬̬󻯣Ӧ֮֮
뵽Īӿؿڵʿʿ䣬ضӰ쵽սѪҹصͳ˧Բβܵġ
ĪӵĻͻȻ¶һ˿΢ЦȻڵĪڶؿ֮ӦûмԶɣ
ȷûУĪӵͷش
Զںܿܲڹؿ֮УĪӵĻ䣬ͻȻ֮俪ڣֱӾӳһĪû뵽Ϣ
ѺγԣĪ˫۶ʵ
ĪԴϴҹ֮󣬿ûȥѽҲһĪӣûֱӸһ𰸣˼ѾˣϢԴȺĸ֣ͬʱҲĪӣҪЩཻͬһ¡
ǰһʱҹ֮ΪСнʱ䶼ڹΪûй˵Ϻ͸λѽѸղ˵ܲڹؿ֮ڣǷѾȷϡĪԣǸһȻʵ
ֻǲ²ѣû취ȷڶؿеѣԴӽؿ֮󣬶ûмԶؿ֮еĽʿҲܾûмԶ¶ˡҡҡͷ˵
Ľ֮ͣǰĻһЩŶȣΪǿıңԶǴʵǴھ棬ҪнǿеȻҲԨ
ۿĹԽԽͣرǴǰʼսĲҳ̶һ̨ף·ǵһ㣬ŵһؿ͹һЩݳ壬嵽˵ڶؿķطΧڣֻǱеĸǽĽʿɵˡ
ҹĻ٣ĪӺһȥЩĸֽһΣҹûҹԣڽĪӾͻصӪء
һȺʿȻ˵ǰѪҹصľƣҪ̸۵ģȴĻ⣬Īӻǳ
ĪѾԺԼҪпգľۻһҪȥܹͬһһѵõ飬οΪԼһͬǵ򣬻֮еһЩСţĪ˵ܹ·
ϵջ֮⣬һջ񣬵ȻϢϵĻͨĪԽԽȷʱظǸϢ
ԶӦĲڹؿС
ЩֵĿУĪӵ֪ʱڶؿ֮еƺǶԶµĸһֱ֣ΪĶƺҲһ롣
ǣѪҹصЩټѧɵĸ֣һֱѪҹ֮⣬Ծսϵս꣬ʱ䶼ûг֡
ôϢҪĪӶ룬ЩĸѾƲһ𰸡
ѪҹأӦҪһη̣׼忪ʼˡ
־ƣؾñʧ彫ʿʿԽԽ䣬Ĺһ̲ͣЪȥֻԽԽ岻
սѪҹ֮⣬кǱҪˮĽ
ˮĹȻûôңȡսȴѪҹص廹Ҫ࣬ѾвٺݵΪһƬ彫ʿҲǳء
ˮͬʱ֮£취ı䵱ǰľƣϵʱԽãֻԽӲյʧҲԽ
ԣƱҪһƯķսı䵱ǰľơ
ʱѾˣ֪ϢЩĸ֣Ҳ˵Լ֮УŶɽϵսĪͷ
ⳡսʼڣһֱڱ֮Уʱ򻯱ΪˣĪҲϣܹ巢𷴹
ҹѾˣѪйصһؿĳͷϣԨվĿĶŶ棬֪ͳ˧Ǹ
սʼһһ潻ֵĴ࣬ǵǲݾսĽȴʱ̶ڽС
ԨӪͬʱӪ֮УһƬŨ֮£ͳ˧ҲͬڿѪҹصĳͷ
ԼңǳĽ׳ΣȴûȫγΪӣ棬һѪɫۼףһУͬʱͷ࣬һȦԲεĽǣԺĹһ㡣
Ϳ˵ʱʲôʱ죿ͳ˧ĿֱǰںԨĿӣͬʱڶһԵһʵ
ߵһ壬εȫһģһϵҲһʿ磬ʣҲôʱ
ǵ϶ԶѾƵǵĺ棬Щս꣬Ѿ뵽˸ԶĵطʱѾˣգ˾ͿٴκԨһսܷ赲ѪҹأͿ֮ˡЦſڵ˵֮ʱŵһǰȶţһյĸо
գãԣǹһ̵ĻȣԭڵͫףϵۼһѪɫĹâ
Ǿٵգ̤֮ƽѪҹأĹؿΪ泾˫Ŀ֮еѪɫԽԽĿѪҹسͷԨ·Ѿ֮ﱻƵĳ


ڶ 
ӸĽʿսʱԽԽͬй۵ˣԼӸҲͬʼ
й۵ĵӣͰ֮ǰѪĺԣһ֮سģʽŵ˾ӪæһֵӣҲʽĵ˸ǽǵá
ӸָǰټѧõԼӸ֮УصһЩŴ󻧣Ǵ඼ǰټѧõӵĺвļѧһҲģвξ־
ЩҲ˺ڴӪչ˱ʵȵĺڹ
Ϊͷ˵ĪӣȴûȥʲôԱ鸮ӪصҲһĪѯʱطһŹֵĿĪ˵ĪѲѾμҹԣҹԱ𣿡
صĻشĪףԭμҹԣЩҪˣÿնɱһޣܵõ޵ĶҲˡ
ͬʱصĻشҲĪʶҹԵ壬ܱԼеĻҪҪ
ĪӵһβμҹԣɵޣջĶĪīȽΪһΪҲȡ˽
ʱúܿ죬̶ʱ֮УĪֲμһҹԣֻһΣĪȴûôõˣûϴһն񣬷һΣգΪͻˣīȽΪ֮ҲǿˣĪӹƵʱûô
һҹμҹԵʵ࣬ʵȴǷǳǿĪӶԶԸһ񾳽ޣԭԷĪӵĶ֣ɵ޿Ѫ֮ͨʵȻ˲䱩һڣĪӸûдӶԷռʲôˡ
ӵļλ֮УһУ֮߾Īӵһβμҹʱһǳϵľͳˡ
Īӵʱ׼ʱֵǸޣֱ˷һҪĪĪӻоյ˦˶Է
һľĪӶҹԵĹΣʶøˣ廹壬ֻҪһ·磬ͻ취ս˿ˮΪһ̣ǾͶһʧ
һҹ֮ĪӶԼΪͻ֮ʵһ֪ͬʱīȽΪ֮Ҳеǳ⡣
յʱУĪӷ֣ڶؿڵһЩӪصĽʿǵʿԽĵˣʱӪǰ·Զľ룬ĪӶܹоһְա
ȴûκᣬĪӲѪҹصͳ˧֪߲ӣ෴ĪӾֲŲʵ̬ȣܾһֽķ
Īǰһʤʿ䵽һ̶ȣپһת۵㣬ֵʿΪߣôͻһＫط̩Чʿǵʿǵ㣬Զƽս
ĪӲ֪ԼĲ²ԲԣֿǷǳߵġ
Ϊ嵱ǿıҵĶԶ˲ڹؿڣֹؿģֻߵһܱиôҪҲǳ򵥡
ĪѵӸӵܾҪȥһؿ׼սˡҹ֮ʱ콫ʿصӪأ̾ҵĪӣϢ
ղսʿ׼ôˣĪӵ˵ͷϢ֮ǰ֪ѪҹصʱҲˣӦʱҲˣڵսʱ
ʿǶѾϤĲˣһսֻǣǰһؿսģֹӸ鸮ң֮ǰƽɽȼأݸҲҪμӣ˵ؿ֮Уǰ֧ԮݸҲֱڶؿӪЩüͷ΢壬ŽõϢ΢ЩĶĪ˵
Īԣȴ΢΢һٵķҪʼˡ
վԼǰᣬĪӻĿڵｫҪˣվҪսˣúõȥϢɣЩٶ࣬ûı䣬Ҳֻͽհˣ
仰ĪӸ˵ģͬʱδ˵Լģڴ֮£ǸʵѾǿһ̶ȣԼľߣı䡣
ԣҲףֻǵĶѣս֮Ҳҳʲô£ʱϣܹʣµĽʿصӸͷ˵
ｫˣĪĻа̾Ϣһ˵
ÿһ׼ս彫ʿѾ˸׼Ͼս֮ϲҵĳҶˣ˭ұ֤ܹŻǸ˻Լ
ĪӾһ仰ûټ˵ʲôֻ˫ֱȭ¶һ˿΢ЦĪһȻ߳˴֮С
뿪Īٴ΢΢̾Ϣһ忪ʼһ£ǶЩսĽʿ˵ȴʼնΣ֮Уܾķս彫ʿ࣬᲻رĽ죬ӾһЩܱĪӸ
뿪֮󲻾ãĪ֮߳УȻ󻺲˳ͷϣĿǰĵһؿ
ǱѪɷӳյһƬͨգҹɫγһĶԱȣԵù
ĳĪӵԺһ˲両˺ܶǰıʫֻĳ֮УЩʫеζ
վһĪͻȻ֮䷢ǰսսƺͻȻ֮СˣȻܿ쳹ֹͣ
ûãߴǽϵϢʹǰһؿսٴͣˡ
֮ǰ𣿡ĪϢ֮վڳͷϣŵһؿķŨȾյѪɷһЩ
£ˣ׼ǽһؿڵĽʿҲһͬһ˼Ԩԣйһ֮󣬶±߿˵
ˣҹӦòٷˣ׼ĽʿǰأøոսĽʿȥúϢȥӪȡѪղսĽʿǰÿ˷һԨ˵
˼ԣһ۶ӪѾ׹գⳡսת۵㣬ʤˣڲľ̵õ⡣
ǣصص˵ͷ˼ٴζԨһ񣬱׼תȥȴԨסˡ
ȥӪԸһ˧ҪսĽʿЩʳȫҪ⣬˧Ҫһ١ԨԸ
˵仰Ԩת뿪˳ͷλãųȥ
ٹʱʱ䣬ԨҪһսҪúõĵһԼ״̬׼ǸѲĶ֡
ʳ񶼻ʹڣ˻ʹ˿ҲûϢɫдʲôÿһƺϸãÿһ仰Ҫãдķǳ
ȵеĶдʱɫʼ΢΢ЩˣѾԽԽˡ
ԼдõĶ֣صĽôϣȻĿ˴⣬˾ͰȴһϢ


ڶ 
ĪӸоսǰһҹʱ䣬ֶݣڳͷ֮ĪӸо˺ܾãֻж̶һ˲Ѿʼˡ
ؿ֮еľӪеʿոճԹһٷʱ׼ų
ϵľлʳǳĲȻ޵Ѫ⣬ƺʳõѪЩͬ滹һЩĶζˣʳùеĽʿоȣϷ·ʹ޲̾սȥƴɱ
ЩʿĽʿڳԹһ֮ҲƺָһЩʿ״̬˲١
ʳΪ죬λаټѧɣʳҵֶΣЩʿսһɡĪȻûȥЩʳվڳǽϣᵽеζĪӾܲµϵһٻʳеʳҵӷ˲٣˲ٵܴЧ
̫û𣬳緹֮ĽʿǣѾʼŵһؿˣһĻĪҲת˳ǽӸӪأ׼һͬǰһؿ
ڵڶؿ֮еĽʿǽһؿͬʱӵؿ֧ԮҲͬʱڽڶؿ
ǰһؿľӻ·ϣĪӾܹоոѹ֣΢磬һɱ֮С
һؿʱߵ̫ոҲѪĺɫ
ӸľӺݸĽʿһֱӾͱսĪӹһĪӻһ˲û˵ʲô
ĪӿӸĽʿսȥת˳ǽ
˳ǽ֮ϣĪһ۾ͿˣڣʮλĸֶĿⶼսĪ߹ȥվһ
ȻףǲһͨӣһսӰҲǷǳ޴ģΪݸͷˣĸ֣Ҳۼ֤һ̡
ĪĿ·սȿľӪߣѪҹصһؿ֮ǰſһȥľͷ
ӪĶ棬ȻĴ˿̣ǱһŨ֣ͬҲ಻֪ͷеŶ塣
ԨûվڳͷϣǴڳµĴ֮УŶӪԨڰĵȴŷʱ
ŨУѪɫۼ֮У͸ߴԺһȦԲνǵ͸һƣӪǰԨ˫Ŀһ˿ǹһ˿ЦݣȻŤͷһ˵
ͿԿʼѾЩȲˡ
һʿ磬ʱͿԣǰҡΣȻ󿪿˵ʱԿʼڣѾûκαҪȴˡ
Ļһ䣬˫Ŀ֮еѪǰһץһЩŹֵıбС
ѱУһ˴ꪣǼ˵УȴǴЩţвŨѪ⣬ͬʱɢһɾ˵ɱ
ػһеıУƿ֮ͬͳ޺һɢ
ǻʲôʼɣѾȲҪеıУնԨͷ­ȻѪҹصĳǽˡ֮Դһ˿˷ܵ˵
Ļһ䣬ӪϿյƣͻȻ·˹˳Ӫķȥ
վڳͷϵĪӵ˿һĻǱøרעⳡϵشսڿʼˡ
ɱ
ͬ˳һƳԨһеսꪣһսȻ羪ףɽ𵴡
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һսŨѪɷΪʵʣӪķӶȥ
ɱ
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վڳǽϵĪһս˲䣬ֻΧĿռ䣬·һսҡΣսǰһɳʯ·ƾһȥ˺ǹơ
ɢһ˲䣬Ƶ֮£¶ݡ
һ̣վڳͷϵĪӵˣɫȫ΢΢һ䣬ǺѹѹһƬ嵽ж٣Ƚ۵ģǴ󷽣ͬСɽһĿֲ壬͹Щ壬Ѿ彫ʿ˾޴ѹ
սΪǻĶǣɱ𣡡ıУһǰȥͬʱս𣬻˵Ϊͳ˧һ޺𣬶ߵЩ壬ҲӦ
𣡡
޺ĴҲͬһʱ糱ˮӵݳɵգڷӪĹ֮УһʸһëӪ¡
ӪߣںһЩĲӣѸƳٸ칬ѧսеһЩʿĲ֮£һӿֲļ꣬ǵصա
ͷѪɷҲٵһЩëס
ؿʼ΢ԭǶЩɽߴ壬ǿʼڴϱ
Щĸߴ屼ܣǰЩ壬ҲѸٵ˱ܡ
ͷϵĪӿЩܶ˼֮мɽͻȻһſٵһΣٶȻּ֮ӿ˼ֱ֣Ӫ
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һֱѪľ޴ʸĺһɽײһһ˲ͱļʸƿķһŵ״̬֮£ʸεĶ˵ϡ
սʼĹ廹ûг׵ĽӽǱ˴֮ѾʩֶΣⳡעпսĻ
Ԩ˫ʼεעŶһɫۼףڻӽ˫֮ޱȵ侲ҲͶԷһսڣҪٵȴһ¡
ҲʱӪĺ󷽣һ׹ͻȻڰ׹֮УԼԿһƬĹȺӰţһѪһĺɫǽͻȻ֮ڴϡ
ˣһĻͷϵĪӵˣͬʱĿǸȻ֪Ǳ߷ʲôӦþⳡսת۵㡣
ˣԨâϵȫſеս̧˫֮еսʼܵȼ
СЩˣû뵽ôֱʣټѧô۵ĽϱֹΪ䣬ȫóˣã̫ˣͿâķϲû˿ĵģ¶Цݡ
ض·մأǸǱǣܷãǾͿĴʦѪҹأֱ룬ɱİɣһ䣬Ϳгһɽһķתź󷽶ȥǰ͹ˣ󷽣һ͹ˡ


ڶ ϣ
ɫĳǽǱֹΪܣԶâĵطʲôʱ򣬶صΪһɻ
ֹΪܣĪâķһߴĳǽףⲢһǽ
ôˣĪҲٵ飬ֹΪܵĴĪӻġ
ƾʲôȼķĪӲö֪֮У֪һҲûмˣҲɱһεġ
·սϣâһ˲䣬ӪͷѪɷ۳һѳ״ȻǰͿʼһγӪȥ
ս壬ȡ֮
սʣУ
ս񣬾У
սǣʱ˳ƣ

ͷһƬս죬ԨӪһ̣һַųһȦȦҫ۵ĺ⣬սϵЩʿϡ
⸲ǣЩʿϢһ̱ǣǵٶȱøˣҲøǿˣϵһ⣬Ϊṩһʵķں£սֺܵȾ֮УҲžԵͷѡ
ĪӿҫŹâһս죬а˼ǰߣ£佫ôܹʩչս佫
Īڲݵʱ򣬼սԨһս˵ʱʩչսֱ֮һ佫ܹʩչģҪ͹᳹Լߣʩչó
佫µʿҲܵӰ죬ԽԽ񣬾ǵսµĲǾߣҲǾбǱʵ˲š
͹᳹ǰ߻ܹ΢һЩߣǳˣսһžܹס
۳һѳ״ѪɷӪϷݺݵն䣬һû˵κһ壬Ѫɷ۳ɵĳȴӪϷƳ׵˺
ͬʱ˺Ƶһ˲䣬Ѫɷ۶ɵĳҲȻ֮ɢЩͬɢƽһս˲ͱ˺ɫīɫཻɫ
ֶΣַ죬ְ취ھԵʵǰҲزסѪҹأŵѪɷӦǹѹƵеıŲǰ̤һսȥ
ֶΣѾǵԼٴˣȻȷܹѹһֵڽⳡս֮УֶȴȲսܵĽ֡
Ųһǰÿǰ߳һٶȱӿһ֣Ƿ·޾壬Զĸλͳ˧ó·
ƷΣ
ŶһڷԨĿͶԷڿһײ˫֮ܵս˲䵽һӳȵĳ̶ȣĽʿͷٵı任ԨΪķ׶
Զ̵ĽڼӪĺ󷽣սеЩʿĲ£϶Զ˺ʵ̫Ӵˣһ£ıǵʬٶȸĳ˹
ܿ죬ԨǰĴԽԽˣĪڳǽϵĽǶѾһľ룬ֻǼĹѡ
ɱ
˾ԼǰˣԨսǰ̳ͬʱٴηһս𣬶һΣû֮ǰôһսɵЧҪ֮ǰЧõöࡣ
ֱǰѾҪ嵽ǰЩ壬һս֮£·һҵγӴֱ󵹷ɳȥ¸Щ壬Ҳһӱײ˲١
ǰ屻ײ˻ȥЩȴͣ£һӣɵ˺͸ˣֱӾǰ˺һȱڡ
ҵս֮һѧѾı֮ûʲôŵżҲ˺̶ֳȣʱܽսȴǲࡣ
վڳͷĪӿúԨһս𣬾ȻȫԼԼǰӶ˸˺
ս֮ŵǷΧǳĴ󣬵ͬҲȱ㣬ܹԼΧȻ䷢ӳǿ
һս˺ȱڣԨû˿ԥֱӳǸȱɱ˽ȥĵһ壬ǵǰһֻԼʮ׵ľ޴壬ûκЧ
Ԩܣٶȶûм֣еսꪣֱӴֻͼʮ׸ߵ崩źɱȥ
ԨЩʿǲֻʬ壬ĸԨȻͿԨеսꪻӳһʮ׳εѪУ˲ɨƽΧϰٸ壬ʱʿǡ
Ϊ֮ͳ˧ͣôͳ˧ʿҲԲ
ɱ
ԨЩʿǸʿٴαһսѾɱ֮УһβҪ˿ԼһսΧɢýĲ嵹ء
Ԩһͳ˧֪ʱʿǵʿҲͬעⲻĽʿǾԼ̫ԶϾߣµĽʿսѹһеԴȪ
ҽ壬ʿǣɱǰУһ佫󺰵
ɱʿɱ𣬷ĺߵɱһ
ԨͷɿؿһȻջĿ⣬˴һȺ󣬻һ߹սꪲϵնɱһǰ壬ٵķɱȥ
Īӿ·սĴƴɱһ߶̱ӣһ˲սĲҳ̶ȾͿʼֱ
ĪӿʿΧһ壬еһһ˲䣬ͱӴһӽĳһ̲࣬Ȼֽһ彫ʿɳȥţջعͷֱʣµļ彫ʿնͷ­
һ壬⼸彫ʿûһȻһͱһֻаҵ˵˲䱻˺˺
ʿ֮ǰ˫ȴʶĽ£Լǰֻ屧ڻУȻ촽ţȴʲô
ԵļʿǰӶԷĻｫնɱŻʿʬ壬Ҳ롣
ĪӲ²⣬ʿǰĻӦþڸսѣɱе塣
ĳ棬սĸݣĪӿЩоԼؿںʲôסˣΧĸ֣Ҳͬǳĳء
ߵĴɱԽԽңΪͳ˧ԨľҲԽԽˣ赲ǰҲԽԽˡ
ʣµ󼸲ŲȴԽԽˣƺڷԼٶȣЦһƽԨ
ۿԨǰֻʣ󼸸赲壬Ҫ֮ʱеıȴ߸ߵľˣûй˼ɵǰļ壬һѪɫ·ɳֱ˺˼նԨͬʱһâѪɫ֮㷢˹

һײͳ˧һսһ


ڶһʮ 棨£
һıײȻս֮Уôע⣬һ˲䣬Ŀ⡣
ͳ˧Ľ֣廹壬Ȼע⡣
գĪӿѾʼԨüͷ΢ɲһ¡
ղĶĪӿһԷĳֲôһ˲ҪԨֱռȻ˵Ԩ
ԨʵҲǳǿսḻҲ˲ӦûöԷռʲôˡ
Ԩһײʼ˵ߣ˲Ϳճһ׷Բ˵شûκҿԭ֮ڵģҲһ˲ĳֱӳ˳ȥ

һıײգ֮䲻սһ˵ĶΣѾѪɫӰӣϽһδεײ
еıкݺݵ£һƴԭڿٽֵӰһ˲䶨һ¡
Ԩ˫סսꪣӲסһιӣݺݵ˵档
ĪӺվڳǽеĴֿһĻжʱһղŵһ칥ټһĻҶܿһ㶫ǾԨȻڽУ΢·硣
սϳѪɷղһ󼱴ٶֶݵĽ棬ͳ˧֮䣬ȫȫͼɵıƴȫûʹκε
Ԩ֮УѾһˣɱ˴ǿ֮ƺҪһЩ
Űӱѹ֮еԨ΢΢һ˿ȣ³ĸ֣ˣ
ĻڣȫѪɫƬɫøʺ죬ͷ·ѪҺͬʱеҲøǿˡ
Ԩսꪴһսһת˲Ӳǰƶڵһ֣սлӳһԲһѪ⣬ݺݵĳĻҲˡ
Ÿտʼѣ
ٵһȻһתб糤һ㣬Ԩ£ͬʱҲûֹͣ
ôΪ𣿡
һԨûӲӣμˣ˿
ıҵϣһƵľǰϳһĹ֣ӳȥǧס
ʵǳǿֳѪɷĻ֮Уûа취ʹܹĹҲɷǳ͡
ԨûлشΪߵͳ˧ԨҲһԿսΪ֮벽
սԨк˺ƿֱնͷ­

һƵײ˵ıײһΧĿ·ըһ㣬Աɢҵѹ
һߵסԨһһ߼ڵǲǻȴƵǰлչйȻӮⳡ̣ˣ˵ģѪҹر֮ǰǾԸϲս
ԨøˣѪ沿ÿһøƴҲ
סĴܹ϶ãȵӺɱЩˣ
˽ֵٶȱԽԽ죬˵Ķڿмƺ˵ٶȣϱײڽֵ֮⣬˸˵ʲô
룬ǵļı类ˣĻ˵ֻƾͼƶѡбһڿкԨһȭԨα˵ûͣ£ֵࡣ
ֱȻСĴۣסһıĴԶ֮еҪ࣬ΧɣѪҹأҪʷˣ
ĻԨڲӰս£עһսľơ
ڶ̱ӻû̫ʱ䣬ƺƾе״̬ǿһ󷽣ɷ·޾󷽵ԽԽ࣬ߣȴûôࡣ
ӣԨĸеЩѹˣԭļƻ忴Ҳ֮УɰľƣܿҪԵֵˡ
ʱ˵ڷҲУֻҪԨ˷أĴ̾ͻˣô󷽵ͻ뵽ٲ֮С
ЩˣѪҹرƣҲֻһˡ
ԨЩѿɫǺɫƬַ·ѪҺĹ⻪ˣѾеıϡ
Ѿ֪³ˣҲȥˣ˵㻹һӣͷ­һΪмֵղƷ֮һϵȫſһ緢ĻɽٶȻ֮ӿһأȻһתеıնԨš
һּͣԨȻյסˣȴս֮ϴǿ˳ȥ
û˿֣Ԩɳȥһ˲䣬α㻯һѪ⣬Ԩһ籩͹
ǹעս壬һĶᵽɤۣԨͬ籩Ĺ֧֮Ųס
ԨվʵҲǺǿ±˳ȥҲڿסԼΣȻһĹ֮нֵ
ԨʵԭҪһЩôһҵǿ֮УȻٻһЩˣϺɫļѾһЩ
籩Ĺ£ԨֻǿбڵһѪɢ籩ĹϣȻ˹Ľࡣ
һԨǾԽԽ󣬶ԺսǳĲ
ڣ
ս֮Ԩڵһʱ䣬ͷ˱һɢסһƬսԨȻθߣ˰׸ߵľˣеսһɨսһƬ壬˲䱻һգɨһԲε
ԨͱҲͬһ⣬ڹâ֮пٵı仯һ°ͬƬսϰεĸߴԺԲνǣ֮ҲͬȾѪɫ
룡ֻĪϳʲô
룬˰֮Σ鱩ŰսȽϡ٣츳ǿѪ֮УҲһ
ֳԼ֮ԨȻҲϳı塣
ӱȽʵһ㶼ϲӣһҵһ˵ţȻ仯һ⣬ٴԨ

һеײѪɫĹâΪһ壬һѪɫĹսһδˡ
ĪĿһɨսرǶӪüͷɵֱڣߵĺȻԴԴϣߣһıѾսɱʣӪԲ壬ƶ൱Ĳ
ȥĻⳡת֮սյĽܿܲŻһ


ڶһʮһ ɱ
޴ѪӰսϾͷϵĪӵˣӿ彫ʿһѹֵĸоѹÿһ˵ͷ
ĪʱԼʲôǵϸǽԼܣնɱһЩҲá
ĪӸоѾе㿴ȥʱȴͷһöŮ𣬲Լߵء
ĪתͷһͿŵļλŮޣ֪ʲôʱѾ˳ͷ
λѣս岻λ׼һ£ҵʱ׼֣
仰Īͷһĵֵ߳𣿡
ҵʱѷԸΪΪĸ̴
ãǸλѣȥ׼ɣŵĸĿ⿴һսȻ΢΢˵ͷ˵
һ䣬תųͷȥ
ԷĶĪȴЩɻˣߵĴֶû˿ԥĸڶԷת˳ͷĪҲһͬȥ
ǽ£ȻĪӼ֮ǰλйһ֮Եһµ̫һڽޣԻмͬ£ǳƵ̫һڵĽޡ
๻ˣУó֮ġλλ̫һڵʿУվǰһλ˵ģʲô飬˵ĵһӡ̬Щư
ƶͨ󷨣ܹó󡣡̫һڵӵĻһ䣬һĸվ˳
ƶҲһЩ󷨡ţλ󷨵ĴҲ׷վ˳
ĪӼ״Ųǰ̤ʾԼҲ󷨣üλĸַ׷ײĿ
ϾĪӵͣɢ޳ΪѾ൱ˣ֮裬ǲò˲Ŀ
̫һںŵļλֿĪһۣҲûпɣλŵĸֱ˵ãȻλ󷨣ôһ¾վλϣٿ󷨵УѴЭ
ĪʱѾ׽Ҫʲôˡ
ھһ󷨷ĵ伮УĽܡ˼ټѧ֮ǰѪҹغͺݣʼصߣһЩ鸨ʱˮ壬Դʱ󷨵ֶηء
Ǳ󷨵伮֮ᵽҲ࣬ᵽⲿݵҪĿģڲ󷨵Ҫԡ
ںڰټѧ֮رֺƵԷӣѪɷųһԣߣȡߣΪǰߵҪ
ҲΪѪɷųһеԣҲͬʹԭܶߵֶΣսҲѪɷгͻͬʱʹãղԭȵֶαˣҲһЩֶα
սϵľԽԽԴû˿ˮ̫һںλֵĴ£Īӵ˵һؿ롣
ŵĸͬʱó˼ȻǵĶؿλãһƬصСռ˳
ɱѪҹǿķֶ֮һλڡŵĸֿ˵
ĪӿǰһƬĿռ䣬沢ûж󣬵ǿռȴǳȹ̣עģǿռе˿ۻĸ󷨣󷨵룬Ѱ׸ߣֱΪ졢סɫľ޴󳤽
ѳ֮ϣɢִɱ⣬ĪӽŲ̤ռһ̣ͲһëȻ֮С
ɱҪĹֶΣǰѾ޽Ѫɫľ޽Ϲ֮ʱһλսǰʬǣͬѵѪʬɣǰѰɫľ޽ֵĺǶɣǰѺɫģǱķɡ
ѽǴɱ֮Դӱ֮󣬾һֱսԴԴϵɱͨԷļѾɱˡ
λŵĸһ߽ͣһ߿ٵĽĪӵ˰󷨵ĸλãҴԵĽһ󷨵С
ɱ֮ڳѪɷѪҹأ˿ܵӰ죬෴߻ǳϣ˴ɱֱ֮ѽڳɳ۵ɽޱȵϡĪһŸֵĽһ߿ǰѽͽµ󷨣жڲ󷨵˸еԵ塣
ԷֶΣˣͬʱΪ󷨵ĺģͬڽ֮ƣѾɱΣ˵Էֶθ߳
ɱε󷨣˵ҪãĪӺڳ˼һǶûҪƶ߲󷨣ȴǺѡ
ȻҲΪ󷨵ˣû󷨱ٿء
ŸֵĽ£ĪӺܿ˸β󷨣λ󷨵ĸվݵλãҲվԼλãʼڵµ֮С
󷨣µ󷨿ʼ˸ɫĹâһ˲䣬ĪֻԼԼҰ·գٴο˳սɱĳ档
Ԩͳ˧ɱλͳ˧սĵطստĵشûκεҿ
һζƴ֮У˵ζݵһͣ٣ĪӷԨϣȻȼܵѪףҲΪˣֳܹԭεѷ֡
սֶΣԨȼѪףĪһ۾˳ǲǾսֶΣֻǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻԨѧˡ

սϾ棬ĪӶߴһĵͺȣ̷Ӧһڵע֮С
עɲǣĪӱоԼ񣬺Ѿ޽кɫǰѲϵͬʱҲͬϵ
һ֮еѾ޽Ȼ䣬㻯⣬˲˿ռѪҹ֮г˺񷣬һرɫɱӪ׹䡣
Īʶ֮е첻һų貵Ĺâԭڶγɵʼٵݻת˲֮ˡ
ĪʱȴûпչЩ֮еļˣһͬѺɫľ޽ɵӪĺ󷽣Ƿ·಻ɱľ޽һȫųԼ
ɫľ޽ٵս£׹һ̣һɫӽͷ·˻ɳ꣬սУÿһɫ⴩壬ȫɴĵأȴû˿˺ۡ
ҲƷľ޽ǰʵ־ӵֱնɱǵѾ޽ֽ꣡
ǰѪɫ޽Ͽյһ̣նɱһ壬֮ϾͿʼϵĵѪҺѪҺ֮Ҳһ̲Ѫ
ʬ͵ѪֽѪ
һѰɫľ޽ɨ֮ս˲ճһƬѽնɱ壬ǵʬܿӵվתԭͬ巢˽
ʬ͵İ׹Ǿ޽ֽ棡
ɱ󷢶Ѿ޽սһ˲䣬ԭԴԴһ̱½סˡ


ڶһʮ 
źɫľ޽ž޽չɱܣһڹݺᣬ¾սһƬ壬ĪʵҲǺܺܡ
ԶԼյ󷨵İҲǲСģοѾ޽ɶɱ֮ÿһѽ߱ܣһЩа졣
Īһִ߲źɫľ޽֮Ҳܵ˺ɫ޽صԩĿ޺Ӱ
Īʶ֮е첻ȴĻһУЩԩĿ޺֮ĪӵӰࡣ
Īɲźɫ޽ɱʱȴͬٿ󷨵Ĵ֣ʼҪӹȨ
ĪѣӦòСھͻɣѾˡӦ֮нӵĴѶĪҲֻܰѺɫ޽ĲٿȨ˳ȥ
Ѿ޽󷽣ԴԴϵضϣѾ޽չֲֳֿʱսϵĽʿʿжڴӮⳡսһ˿ϣ
ڣ㻹ܹѪҹ𣡡Ѿ޽չֳڽֵͳ˧Ҳ޷ӣԨϲѪףս꪿籩ǰֱ̣ͬʱ˵
ƾ谭壬δ̫Դ˰ɣɱ֮Աࡣٻби񵲣ͬʱŲæ˵
һ䣬Ӫĺ󷽣ĵɫٵķɳգۼ͵Ѿ޽ǰȻѾ޽ײһ
ĪֻԼ·شһ£һ˲䶼ЩһɸǿҹǺ֮ͼԼ񣬵첻⵲סˡ
źߣ
ĪԼ֮һƺߣȻ͸оԭźɫ޽Ĵ֣ƺܵ𵴣ɫ޽Ĳݼ˲١
Īһ̽ӹ˺ɫ޽ĲȨţ߶ɫ޽ܣǰŭնȥ

һƵײսĪݵĺɫ޽͸ղĵ֮еһ˵һν档
һ޴Ű߰ߵѪƺ£ЩµģѪһģЩꡢԪ
ڽӴһǣĪ󰧺˳źɫľ޽Լ
Ҳһɱ֮ɱѽ٣Ǳߣֱóļ
Ѫ߰ߵ֮⣬һڵľȣһ׹ۻɵɽ壬һ߾޴ʬ
ļɱɱ֮Ѿ޽ͬʱսһ̣һɾ춯صɱȫսˡ彫ʿһͨжͣһ¡
ֻǶ̶̵һ˲䣬Ǿ¶ܵɱӰ죬ЩƺһӱøӿˣвֱֳԭΣȡԭʼֹʽ
Ҫ΢һЩͷһս죬ûɱӰ֮ɥʧǣͬҲܵһЩӰ죬ӿĶӷˡ
ݺ󷨣ɱһɱѪһĴѶλ̫һڵĸֱ֣չɱܡ
ĪӸæźɫľ޽˳󷨵ǣжѽһǰѪɫľ޽һ˲䣬ݺᣬɺѪҺٵ˳ŽʣͬʱսսѪҺ޽Ȼ̧Ȼǰն¡
Ѫ˽ǰ飬ִҵϸ㣬֮һ㣬֮ڵ壬ܵĻᶼûУȫϸܵѪ֮УҲһͬڡ
ոճֵļɱ֮ϸܵѪǰȫɨ˳ȥ
ɱ󣬲ɱѾ޽󷨵ܹӳƻԲֻǸղչֳ
ӳļɱɱ֮Ҳ˿塣
ֶҲͬļɱܱ֮ɨɳȥַܿ˻ߵѾ޽һ
󷨵ɱУĹȻС֧һ󷨷ɱ֮Īٴó˺ڽĿȨղһɱУʵĲСⲻ첻ܹġ
ƸղŲѪɫ̫һڸӦøɱУûа취̷ˡ
ѾˣӦЩ˰ɡۼѾ޽ʱסˣһԨξȻûн׷ǿԨ˵
ûж֣ɲԨᶯ֣ȻһŤתսֱʺ
ҲЩ飬ӦþѪҹأûã͵ˣְɣѾȲˡٴλһѪ⣬սꪣһɲǣĺ󷽣һƬĽգŽӰ˳
Ǹλ÷ǳ󷽣ȴԭƵ󷽵ЩҪһ㣬׼ȷ˵ӦͿĺ󷽡
һɽķ嶥ͿЩŽӰɫɵô䣬ҡŵͣʱҲֲסˡ
ɽһ棬ĴԼټɵѧӣɫ֮ȴϣ֮ɫ
Ǻò׵ĺ󷽣Ȼ˺ܴĴۣضĺ󷽣ȴû뵽ȴǰһ赲סˡ
ҪʵôˣиҲ٣ʰһͿȻǴ´࣬ڶԷѹǽֻ֣ǵǶ
µɽ壬һɱһ̺ſռ֮ǳѲɱҲĸ֣̫һĽ¡
ɱжɽɽ֮Ϊ磬ɽƣ벽
վɽǰѾ죬Ҫɽ
ÿɽǰռͻԶŤȻǵӰ̾ͻں棬ɽ嶼޷ӽ
йɽĹҲᱻŤطȫͽ޹
ԭţûа취ͽǽͬضֹΪܳƴΣգܲƵÿɽ
ʱЩĳָ֣µϣЩҲûа취ͻǾֻƴΣգֹΪһ취ˡ
ͿͷĽԽԽ貣ɫҲԽԽѿѾܹµóЩҪʲôˡ
ֻЩ飬һϵȫת˼£۳һ׳貹ŵ֮׹䡣
صλãͶɽ֮˰ңΧŶɽһԲΡ
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һƶϵ𣬽ţɽΧĴأʼһСȻСһĲ֣ź󷽻ѹأγһµɽ壬ԭɽλãҲڱ˶һ˿
һ˿ɶñ赲ɽǰЩץס˻ᣬһҵĹ׼ʱǰĶɽȥ
²Ϊˣ֮Щ飬Ϳɫ֮¶һ˿ȻһеȣˣͬŽµɽ˲ʧ


ڶһʮ 뿪
Ϳʧһ˲䣬ѪҹսУһ̣Щˡ
ԭΪһŬȫǵ֮УǿԽεĻᣬǰ֮õѪҹعƣƺڿʼˡ
󷽵ŸոճҪսһʱ䣬һлᣬѪҹءΪͳ˧ڵľ˷ͬʱΪıԸȴ㵽ʱ뵽ĵһͷȻǽ
ԨһιʱվԭûжֻһȦԲεĽǣϷͻȻֿ֮һ϶ѪɫĹâӷֿķ϶֮Ȼ󲻶ϵӣһȦԲεĽǡ
һ̣ԨоϵϢȻֿʼϱǣԨͷĽǣϢıǣû̫⡣
뿪ǣ˱ܡΪǸεѪһȦԲεĽǣǱȽ϶صĵطҲֲĵط
һ벢սУ˵Ϊ˫ǻܵΪ
һȦԲεĽǴ򿪵ʱȫѪڣսֱͬʱҲøӱ꣬ӵķ
뿪ǵʱҲζŵƴʱ

һƵıײԨսꪷصĶЩ顣
ʹսѪطڴʱѾǵǰԨ֪ԼɲǶ֣ķǳԶ
˫֮һĨᶨԨ̯֣֮гּöɫĵҩС
ҩڣ˲ͷãԭԨϲŵѪףһ̱øӸǣ˵ƤҲðһƬϵĵø͹ԣ˿ɲ
֮ӦģԨϵϢͬʼǣĿ񱩶ǿ
֮ϵĺ⽥ԭһȦԲεĽǣڱֻգǳİԲǡ
ѪͬƱǵԨ¶һĨ̵Цݣ˲仯һѪ⣬Ԩȥ
أһػ֮ԨٴεˣǷõķѪڴ˫ǵǰԨЩǶ֡
ʱӪ󷽣෴ķȥ顣
ԭЩ飬ǵȴŶԸģû뵽ߵ飬ȻûѡѪҹأҲûкƵ󷽵һƫƫʹôһλãԭ׼ˡ
ھЩƿأΪͳ˧ѾҪһˣЩ飬ȻҲҪʲô
ߵսǿܰﲻ̫æЩҪȥӺ󷽶ĴֻһЩʱҲá
ܹӵѪҹأⳡ֮սͻû䡣
ɱԨʱѾƿˣӣǳɲ˵һ嶼ţһδεĹԨȫԸ佻սȴĲϺˣԱεѹסˡ
أһеײԨеսꪱεѹ˼ͷ㾡ȫסһϺɫļУȴصһ˺һ顣
͵ĴǰѹıУڱгصһ̣ԨһѪۡ
ԨбпٵһϣѪ۵ͬʱսҲڵһƿϵۼףߴһ˿ڡ

һһˣ˲øӿˣбкݺݵǰ£һԨҷɳȥ˺ԶȻص䵽˴ϡ
Ԩ䵽һ̣Χ彫ʿһͳ˧սⷽЩС
ңٴλѪ⣬Ԩķȥ֮Ե彫ʿɴնɱˡ
ɱӵվԨٴγ޾ηĳȥ
Դ򲻹ԷԲûȥƴɱ
Ȼûκε⣬ײȻΪһ壬ǵ⣬Ԩǵֱĺ󷽳ȥ䵽˺Ѿʣ޼֮С
ͣµһ̣˲ſ࣬ıѾԨļֻԨս꪿ס˱еһˣû˿ڱ
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һս𣬸ôľ룬Ԩȫһսȥ
ҲǲܣӲһս΢΢˰벽ȻԨ˹
ԵЩ彫ʿһ̷׷˾룬ҿ˵ߣɶЩͳ˧ѾɱĺʱʿǣɱӰ֮£øӿˡ
ԨڵĪӵ󷨵ĸ֣ȻҲע⵽ˣҪһѣȴûǸ
ߵļɱ֮Ȼû󷨵ļӳ֣ϾҪһҲԼֶΣԽļɱ֮󻯵ķӳ
ļɱ֮УǾʬΪ壬ʣµɱ֮ȫеıӳղļɱ֮Ҫǿ٣Ѿ޽һʱ˽ŵ״̬
ĪûвǰѺɫľ޽΢עһԨǱߣ̿һѪɳԨҲһͬų˳ȥеıС
ܱų˳ȥԨսεĸסıУȻһ̣սꪸסıǰˣȻ֮뿪ˡ
һǰ˱УĴԨؿڣǿԨֱӷɵѪҹصĳǽ˳ǽϡ
ĶɣɱѪҹأĿЦţ֮гŲ񡢵⡣
ӦģĴЦͳ˧Ľ棬յʤߺ
ߵĽʿűڳǽϵԨʿһ̵䵽˼㡣
Ȼһ̣ڳǽϵԨȴ̧һֻ֣סԼؿڵıУ˫۾ע£ӲĽǱа˳
ͬʱѱУؿڻŸֹסѪҺԨŲصǰ̤һӭ˫Ŀ⣬췢һŭ
ϧ壬ɱ
һŭԨѪȼյһ£еս̧ƴȫǰ׳
սꪱǰ׳һ̣ԨҲͬʱһѪɫĻ⣬ȥ
һٶȣղ˵һأ˿ѷɫ
ֻգ֮䣬Ԩ׳սꪾѾǰûбеֻ˫ץսꪣȻϴǿţڵ˳Ĺ֡
ɽģȫȼѪ׵Ԩԭıؿڴȥ
һٶʵ̫ˣ쵽㲻Ҳ㣬зһĨɫ
û뵽ԨĹȻԼıԼԭıλ˵Լ
ʵҲȷͬ룬д̵ؿڵʱ򣬾ͷ·Ͷˮ֮Уֱ˽ȥûж˿˺
Ԩⴹһʱڱȫûڵһ۵İʸԨУһͬûؿڡ


ڶһʮ ս
ʸؿڵһ̣Ԩɲϣ¶һѿЦݡ
ЦݣԨϵƤͬɿݵĺӴһ㣬Ȼ˹ѣƤһİ룬˫֮еɣȴǰδе
ԨؿڻѪҺ֪ԼҪߵͷˣǰѱУսꪶû˿ѷɫͰѱдԨؿһ̣Ԩ֪ˣܣսĻҲûˡ
ܹĹԨȫƾԼǹ־ڣԨɹˣĶ֣ȴͬھ
ǸʸԨԼʵǿʸ֮£Ҳûа취
ʵҲȷˣ˫ȻץսꪣĶȴѾסˣؿڴǸʸ̺ǹѾڵѪȫ顣
ΪһѪ֪ʲôû뵽ȻõԼϣҲû뵽Ԩϡ
˫֮ѪĹâİдޱȵĲʣԼԼǰѾܵС
ƾٶĲʣؿڵİʸѾһбΪ˶֡
ϵϢĿʼɢͬʱսϷռͻȻѿһ϶һֻɫƬĴ֣ͻȻӿռ֮˳Ȼ·ս¡
ֵֻĿǳȷվԨԨʱӦҲǳĿ١
סһԵսꪣϵѪȼգµƤѪ׵İ֮һ绯Ϊҽ

Ԩƴսꪷ·һֺգֻµĴִ̳̳һꪵʱ򣬰Ѫ׵ϨѸٵĻΪ˻ҽ
սꪺֻѪɫƬĴײһԨϣһιȴûܹٴʲô漣һνĽսꪴ䣬ص֮С
ռٴγһ϶һĨƾճֱֻ֣նȥƿˣֻϺɫƬնһɼǵ˿ڡ
𣡡
һͳŭƺֵֻ˷ŭˡ
Խˣٲն㣡һв˿ĸ顣
𣬲ɫƬĴɢһǿ·ʬ壬󷽼ʮӰС
Ҫʲôʱǵٴγֹ֣ʲôĿġ
ǵɲκεĸ飬Ȼ˸оһɱɱ⡣
һΣֻƬѪɫֻջأûǵռ϶֮УȻʧˣһռѷҲ֮ʧ
鷢̫죬ֻգ֮Ĺѣͳ˧ͬʱ䣬вѪ壬ȫֻɫĴִˡ
սڽս˫ͬʱȺ׵ξ棬رߣӸղһ˲ʿǣͻȻ޴룬̫졣
ӪϷһƬս֮УԨһ棬Ҳʱʼɢ»ΪѪɷ
սɢҲߵĽʿѣһλ佫ս
նɱЩ壬Ϊͳ˧ȥĽʿɱ
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Χ彫ʿͬʱһŭ𣬷Χ巢͹
ʱҲǳɣҲʱӪĺ󷽣Ѫɷ𣬴ӺҲڸϵˡ
󷽴ĸϵսϵ彥ĿʼЩңĪӷǰļɱ֮ƺҲ׼ȥ˼
סôãۿսϵľڷתʱܹļɱ֮룿
ҲҪĪѣ֮еĴȫ⣬Ѿ޽ʼƴȫļɱ֮ѡ
Ҳǳڵľƣļɱ֮У׹ۻɵĴɽȻɢŵİ׹ǣѾ޽סȻɱ֮Ѹٵ󷽷ȥ
ҪĹͷѡһһɱ֮ס
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Ѿ޽ռλãֹͣɱתʱŸоһǿҵ֮Ϯ
ӦԼڵĪӷ֣ڲ֪֮䣬ԼڵȻѾ֮࣬⻹ΪԼǲߣûôԵʡ
Χĸ֣һҲ۵ùǺرЩΪģڵľˡ
󷨵ļλľƣرĴ󣬼ϲѾ޽ĸӰ죬֮ӦҪһʱָܻ
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ڷһЩҩָ֮Īӵ˱߳Сռ䣬µ˳ǽ֤ʤʱ̡
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ǰļл֮£ܿ˲أսϵʵֱ̫࣬ǰʦս塣
գЩ岢ûбȫնɱҴ岻ϵ󷽳ˣĴڶԶĴ£һ·ʤ׷
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ڶһʮ Ｚگ
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һͱԼ˫ۣȻĿٴ䵽սϣһΣϸϸĽսͷβһ飬ϵÿһֶûзŹ
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Ѫҹصս˵ȷһϢһжԤ֮УԨս
ǺܸӵĶܶʱ򶼷ǳìܣڿǷսʱȷǳĸˣ˷ܣȥı֮еҪ졣
ʱԺ֮У뵽ȴѾսԨһĻĻԺ֮֡
ʱһμԨλֳʱη壬΢һЩ֮󣬶λֳһЩ˽ľ壬ʱ׷λֳŲĵ⡭һĻĻԺ
;ʲôԨλֳĵףʼջһݾηġ
һĻĻԺĻ棬Ԩơ
һĻͻȻԼƺֿʼʹǰƺֿ죬Ԩȥ֮ʱǺɵıӰ
֣Ϳһֻ֮ĵͷ¶һĨԳ΢Ц
ԨˣҲˣΪ֪ԼԶ޷Ϊˡ
ܹһ˻ʣ˴жԼ˵ġ
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ĪӿսæµӰͻȻȴ˰սϵһĻԨ䲻һλͳ˧ͬھֵֻƬѪɫ֣ʬ壬һȺѪ뿪ս
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뵽ʸĪ뵽ԨλʳӣĴۣһΪʳ鷳
ԭѪҹصʿΪԨսѪҹսʤʿ׵Ťתˣֵ˱ߣֱߣֻ˽ʿǸǵʿ
Ԩսĳ̶ֳϣҲʳΪ֮ǰһûʳԭ͵±̧
ȻӴ彫ʿӢȴ뷷⣬֮ǰȣȴԸȴһ£ûмûʳ̾¡
֮ԨȻһңȴȷ顣
ҹԽԽˣ¹ƺҲø࣬ɨսĽʿæµĪȴͻȻû˼վˣת˳ͷ
ҪѪҹٴһʱ䣬ֱµķ߳׵Ľȹ̣ЩӸݸ֧Ԯܹԭ
ʱһۣ͵˵ڶ峿߳ĪȻܹŵǹɴ̱ǵѪζ
һսӸӪأһӿտ˲٣Ӹʿֻʣҡ
սһҹʱ䣬ƺڻûдɨȻԿؿнʿڽ
ʱһƬͻȻ֣ʳķ֮Ȼʱ˳
˻گԳлλ±΢ͼ֮ģȴ޾γ֮ţɻλ̣Թڣ·˼ҹ£Ｚگϸ
һ±΢Ȼʳ֮գһʱ죬ʹʳء
˲ǻʱ̣ŷ壬ʵ˹˲֮Ҳ

˹֮Ҳ壬Գͣ°չ֮
Ī귨֮һĨɫΪ⾹ȻһＺگ
ڴ˷ʷ֮УûйＺگֻ˵ֵĴǳ٣һҲֻζѣȫڵڶʳ
ʷϵһＺگԵڶʳԼǧ֮ʱ˻ʺôϲ˲ٻƵ飬һʱ֮ԹڣգڷԼ֮˻ʰ䲼˴˷ʷĵһＺگ
Ӵ֮󣬿ʼʹǰǣ굹ǵȷһЩɼ
Ｚگһκ͵һβ࣬Ҳɾһ˻ʵʹǰǣһΣȴǵڶʳĩ꣬Ｚگ䲼ʱȴ̫ˡ
͵ＺگдÿνǷǳƺڷ˼ԼʵϸԼ״ÿһʲô
˵Լ㣬вԲŻǰĹƣ»ʳأŻľ档
˵Լ˲ŵԼոյǻ֮ˮ͸ҽ壬Լ˻Ʋ״оҲЩǣǿ
ںگȷıʾʳڽ֮УɶսʿӢ뷷⣬ܻ̿һ㣬ԲЩʿܡ
ǰϵＺگȻЩǣǿ̬ȴ˸оϿңڵҪϣһȷ̬ȣЩսʿӢҲиͷ
֮еĽɢ֮ûĪа뵽ＺگȡɣЩ彫ʿһȷĴ𸴡
뵽Ī뵽Ԩתͷһ̫ĪһЩӵ


ڶһʮ ׼ع
˻͵һＺگνȻ󲨣Ȼһ۾ܿе⣬ڴ˵ＺگѾ㹻ˡ
֪Ѫҹ֮սڻѾĻʳԨսȡʤˡ
ԨΪսΪʳ˲ٵ˻ʵＺگΪʳ˲ٵġ
Ҫǣͨ͵Ｚگյʹݳ̬ȣҪһ֮
ܲһ֮Ҫʱ飬ＺگЧȴѾﵽˡԭʱȽϻԾĵڶʳѾ̾伣ˣ֪صʲôطȥӦҲʶڻʳľƣǳ֮׼ڰȥˡ
ǱߣѪҹսʤҲֹס˽ڽڰ˵ľƣסˮĽ֮С
ˮӦûһЩ߼ȻѾˣȵҪƽϢߵսңӦҲò̫á
žƵȶʳ˿ʼһĻʳ֮ҲĿʼָָܻǰĳ̶ȣܻҪʮʮĻۣվźõķչ
ĪѣʮƵçţȥܻ֮ܲһҹĻ֮Уһ䵽ѪҹµĹؿ֮ǰӰ֮г֣һǸոҹԹһȺߣȻٲĪӵӰ
ѪҹصڣһתѾ¹ȥˣĪҲѾѪҹش˼µʱˡ
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ҲӦѸ٣һЩֵ֧Ԯûռ̫ıˡ
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ڽҹҹУĪӸɵһλçţ񾳽壬Էʵһ㣬Ҳûʲô̫õĶ֮УҲȽ϶Ī΢ϲһ£ջֻйоࡣ
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Ī˼ţͻȻһ
ĪҿԽ𣿡
ᣬʱʲô£ĪһĨɻֽǰĴ󿪿ڵ
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ĪϢǱսںȡһСʤˮһ˵ţһ¶Цݡ
Īӿı飬ҲЦſ˵ȷһϢϢӦòｫôҵɰɣӦûĺ£ｫͲҪҴˣ˵ɣ
Ҿ֪һЦȻ󿪿˵
ĪĩմӾеõϢǺܻܿӸˡ
Ī˵ɺǰһǳĹֻǰֹڶĪӵĹȫԷθġ
⼸µʱ䣬ĪӲμҹԵսҲ֪һЩϾҹնɱҲҪ¼͵ģ񾳽֮УĪҹеĹͣѾǰéˡ
Ѫҹشǳɼ壬ҲΪⱳ壬ŻᷢĵĶĪӹ
ȷ𣿡Īԣûбֵж༤Ƿһ䡣
һ֮ǰʼĪӾСϢ˵Щǰ֧ԮĸݸľӣܻܿصԵĵطˡ
ϢԴĪȥμӵľۻᣬһȺֵĿе֪ģһʱˣҲʱˡ
ϢǴӾдģӦ׼ȷ˵Ͼ͵Ī㿴Ƿýʿ׼һ£ʼʰˡ˵ͷ˵
ȻѾƼˣڿԻӸϢǳĸˡ
ѾСˣȻ̰ȴҲѪҹˣӸʿֻʣңϣԼƽĽʿȥ
ȲżȵʽĹ·֮ڿʼʰҲ١Īӿ˵ͬʱĿ⿴ᣬͻȻע⵽ͷİ׷ƺ𼸸ǰԼһμʱ˲١
˵ǣ֪Ϣһʱˣ΢Щ³çˣôŵ¡ԣҲ侲һ£֪Լһżˡ
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ֶһˮˣԨԳƵӢ۵ˣ˻֮߱˵ˣģȴͨˣϲа޾
ͬڵᣬΣѵĹͷͦΪԡѪƴɱͬҲẦҲݵϴ˽˶ѡ
뿪֮ĪӶ֮УаһСС˽ӡ
Ѫҹص⼸£ĪʼûмԼʦ÷Դ֮ĪԭΪܹٴμ÷սе伣ˡ
Īӿʼʱϵ÷ֵĴʦʲôҪ飬һֱûжöӡ£ڼҪ뿪ˣĪڿǣҪҪʦ
˼һĪӻǷ㣬½ö˽ӡȻʦûӦþĹǵģԼҲûʲô£ûҪʦˣö˽ӡǴȥԭⲻĻɡ
ҹԹʱ䱾ͲˣĪԼջ񣬺ǰȵĪٴ̧ͷʱɫѾ䵭ˣµһּʼ


ڶһʮ ÷
µһ쿪ʼûжãĪһμᣬǲǰǸϢֻһΣʳĹʽ·ˣѪҹظݸľӣԿʼˡ
ϢĪӵǰܾöûмй۵ĳϣԼټѧõ칤ѧλҲĪӵǰ
λѪҹ֮󲻾ãĪӾҲûмǣҲ˵ȫûĪӷֻǴҶҪɰˡ
й۵λϣĪ֪ΪԷ֮Ų裬Ӫһλͬóĸץ׳
λټѧ칤ѧɵĸ֣Ȼǲö˵ģǰµĹؿһ
λˣǿҶ׼ûȥˣȻˣǾͶȥʰһ£ȻһͬȥѪĺս֮Ǿ׼̻ȥɡͬʱţʳĹѾ·ĪӱЦſ˵
ѾˣĪҲЩӰأ֪еĸĸǻ
ʱѪҹصջѾǳˣ㹻Īӻȥһӣջ񣬲ָԴϵջ
ںЩս֮УĪľսľ飬μʶѪͨҲ۽硣
ΪɢޣĪƽʱһ̰壬Ǻܹ˽ʱУĪͨЩĸֽڵҲ˲٣񾳽ʣµĽ׶θעʲôĪҲѾȻˡ
ľԪ񵽴ĪҲѾ˼·ֻҪȥչһʱ䣬ܹ˳ݳ
ĪֳʵǱҲЩĸֽ˽飬˵жô񣬵պߵݸ۵Ǿûʲôġ
ʶ֮е첻⣬ĪģΪ첻֮УѾͬʱĵҲ˲ٵķݻ
֮⣬Ҳͬʱ֮Уô쵮ɱ֮Уɱľ޽
ϧѾ޽ɱ֮첻ݻķͬ˵ܶ൮
ĪӺһѪĺĵĴʱ˲ݸͷˣҲŴʷȥ
ʳĹ·֮ЩݸĽʿҲ׼뿪ˣôͬʱǰѾˣ滹ݸҲڸϹ
ѪĺƺԤϣʵӽǾģҲͨȥɡ
ĪǰȻ٣ҲñȽģԺܿͽ˴֮С
ʣĪ˾Ѫĺһ
ֻǻûеĪ˵Ѫĺľһ̧֣Īһָ˵Ī£ʱ뿪ˣȵ鴦꣬лҪ˵
ŴԣͬʱĿ䵽ĪӵϣЩ⣬ǶѪĺķԸֲòӣڿһĪ֮󣬱ת뿪ˡ
ĪȫͷԣԼѪĺֻһ棬ʱԷԼھУǱֳһԼĿأʱԼܲλѪĺûзԼĴ㣬׼Ȱ˵һԼɡ
Ȼ뷨Щ̫ף˼ȥĪҲֻ뵽һֿˡ
ĪվڴʵһߣôĵȴšÿһʵˣڰݼѪĺͬʱҲὫĿ䵽ĪӵϣĴһĪӣʶĪӵģĪͶѯʵĿ⡣
ЩĿ⣬ĪеվȫΪʶˣҲᱨ΢Цͷβûпڡ
ĪӴһֱվ磬ǰѪĺԽԽˣൽ˾緹ʱ䣬ûˣѪĺڽĿ䵽Īӵϡ
Īӣ֪Ϊʲô㣿ĿĪӣͳʵͳܹ˺ܴѹ
үʾĪӿѪĺ򣬲ŲæĻش
㣬ԸھЧֻҪԸ£֤ѧڣƾʣպ󲩵һλҲڻ¡Ѫĺĵͳ˵ͬʱĿôֱֱעĪӵ˫ۣǹѹȸбøǿˡ
лүȴӾһǸԸĪ¶һ˿Ц˵
ĪѾˣѪĺԼûʲô⣬ֻϧŶѡ˾˲ţⱾһͬĪӾûͦҵģϾԼǰˣѪĺİ
ȵĪ˵ѪĺûټڣôĪһ֮ԭϣͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣٴο˵
÷һĵӣĽ
үʶʦѪĺĵĻĪЩʵ
ǰҺʦǾʶӦûʦңѪҹ֮ʦңտһ㡣վſָָȻŴ֮ȥ
ʦѡĪô˵Щš
ԼʦһɢޣκѪĺݵλʶĵ˼˽ƺ൱
ݵλҲȫûбҪԼ˵ѣʲôɸ˵Ŀġ
ҺʦʶҲڼʮǰʱһһߣҲһɢޣһ㣬ʦңԼ־ͬϵĵѻţϴҲң
ĳһ飬һȺֻʣҺʦˣҲû뵽ٴ֮ʱʦȻ飬һ׿ĵӣ֮ļᶨá߳ʣһǰţĶĪ˵żĪӵҲ˳Ŀ⡣
ô˵Ī˵ѯ÷µʱ÷˵λ̫һڵӺ󣬻ĳ⣬һѡ
ĪӼǵ÷ȷ˵λѡȥӾϣսĥ֮ģӦþǰѪĺİɣ
ʦտһ㣬Ա£뱾տѪҹص⼸£һҹ֮նɱʮλޣʦͣɶûı¡ļһһ˵š
үˣͺүһԶءĪǫһ䡣
ѾȷǰѪĺģ÷λѡ
ԷһߵݣѪҹأȻַһΪתʮʱ䣬ͳΪѪĺľȻҪԼĸӴ档
˵Щˣص㣬һλ˵ĵӺúõ˵˵ڶ÷бտһ㣬ȴûоУҲϾҪ뿪ˣΪһ㲹ɡ
Ī仰֪Է˵ֻһǫʣ׼ԳݣԼһЩôĽడ
лү֪ʦͺүʶѪҹҲаݼλҪүĺôĪӿ˵
°ɣõĶѾòˣĻԺҶ֪ý˭ĿĪӣ֮жһ˿΢ɲį


ڶһʮ 
ѪĺĻ֮еһ˿įǱĪӲˡ
ҲתѪĺҲǲѶΪ֮ɡĪ
Ϊ˽ϵ⣬÷ķʮʱ޹ղŽϣеϣߵһϵӦѾˣ̾Բɡ
ڻ˵֮óһִݸĪӡ
棬һǱǰµģЩǺõģˣһԼд򣬼һЩûƵطԺúÿ˵ܻáִеĪӵֶĪһ䣬ȻͿʼת˻⣬˵˺÷ǰһЩ¡
֪ʦǰʵһرˣǳ
ĪǸִĵ߻ǰţȻĽЩͺһѵ
ĽЩĪӵȷҲͦȤģϾܶ඼÷һ飬Щ÷ٻĪ£ֻһЩڿεʱõľŻĪӡ
˾һʱ˵ĻҲ˵ĲˣҲ߻˴ʡ
ͣסŲĵɫٴαĳĿĪ˵Īӣ÷ĵӣҲΨһһˣס뿪Ѫҹ֮󣬽úõûдﵽ˾֮ǰҪٲˮսˡ
Īԣ΢΢ͷ˵үô˵һΪҺãܹðѯһԭ𣿡
ѪĺĪ»صڣԭλãȻſڵΪ˽֮ǣսϵһɱߣ߱һߣΪսһߵ񣬱Ѿһ԰ʱ
ôҲòһЩ飬Ǿܹػʵ߹صĽʿԪϵĸ֡
仰ĪԺ֮̾սϣֻѪɫƬĴ֣һĨ⡣
ֲεѾѪɷӰˣԺ޹˼ɵĳսϣֻ˫֮䶼ĳֹûг֣ѪҹͲǽˡ
ĪӣʲҲлֶΣ֮ļᶨδԪɿڣսգúճɾԪɣİ󡣡ĳһ䡣
лүָ㣬סĪӹһ
ʵ˵ЩĪҲףֻ֮ǰдûôѡ
ˮ壬Ըˮκһ嶼Ѿ֮Կʱͬʱ֣¾ЩԵֵˡ
ڲǺݻѪҹأˮĹƶǳңȴһߣʼûֱӰԪϵֱͶ뵽սС
ˮ岻ôֻԪɾϵҲͬͬĸֺԿǣơ
ԣѪĺԣػЩԪɾϵĸ֡
һĲû˵ЩԪɸָҪˮԹعصģʵֻһˡ
̫һΨһ컯档
ȻⲢ߹Щʿսû壬ǡǡ෴Щ߹ؽʿǵƴɱǳҪڸ߶սĲ뽩ֵĽ׶ΣػĽػİգֻܿˣ
гһգĳΪ˴ذסʤĹʵҪҲȻЩʿǡ
ù֮һЩǰѪĺĴУĪӽսƽҲûмٴš
뿪ѪĺĵĴʣӸӪȥĪӲɵи̾û뵽պյѪĺģȻʦĹѡ
һȱɢޣպյѪĺ֮Ĳ಻νǲ󣬶Էܹߵһ֪˶ٵĥѡ
ЩʱĥѻٵһˣЩʱĥҲһˣͬѡ񣬼ϲͬˣվȫͬĽ
Լʦ÷ѡճɾƷ飬ѡ˴ӾȥһΪѪĺδҲλ
ĪӻصӪ֮ѾȺ˶ʱǰĪɫ糣˲Զ
ҪʲôȴЩǣûʳڵı飬ĪӱЦſڵλˣѪĺûʲô飬Ҳ׼һ£Ӹȥˡ
̫ˣѾԸʿʰˣƻ֮ǰͿ̣ɻʲôҪʰġԣ̿˵
ҲûʲôҪʰģֻмλѣ֮ǰҪȥˣȥǼλѵ𣬻ƻ֮ʱǱ̡ĪҲȷûʲôʰģеĶڴ֮Уֻ֮ǰҪʱʶļλֵ𣬽Ҳˣ֮ǰҲӦõġ
˸ԷֿҲȥԼ飬˺ĪӵҲ࣬Ͼ˼ˣҲʶһЩˣƢϵģ֮ǰҲӦȥһ
Īȥ˵ʱЩҲҪȥĪӣܹ뿪ѪҹˣƺƼҲǱ˴˻
Ī鸮Ӫأ鸮ĽʿҲڲӪеѾʰĲˡ
֮Ī˵⣬Ȼó޵ƤŵصǰЦſ˵֮ǰһֱصѣ޵ƤƳɼ£һֱϵڣڶҪ뿪Ѫҹˣ֪ɷѰæ
С¶ѣе޵ƤҲˣƵķ£ԲõʧġؿĪó޵ƤЦŵͷӦ
ڽ鲻ʵǿɢ޸֣ڵһ磬Īֻ£ȫûоܾɡ
֮Ī˵˷¾ҪöҪı꣬Լȥȡµʱ䣬ˡ
޵ƤԣӦһܹʮҷ£ӦҪһʱ䣬ʱػᴫŸĪӣͿȥȡˣʱ򽫱긶塣
鸮ĪӾֱӻصӸӪأӪػѾյˣе񶼲ɾʿõңʱ׼ˡ
ĪʿѾʰ׵ѾˣǼ̾ͿԳĪӱȭһ˵
ãȻѾ׼׵ˣǾͳ뿪ɡĪԵ˵ͷ
ѪĺҲȥˣ֮ǰ뿪ʱ򣬳صĹ֮ģѾ׵ֱ߾ˡ
ӭŻƻ輴µϦӸĽʿѪҹؼ̤֮˹;
һͬ뿪йݸĽʿкܶ࣬ƺƵ߳ѪҹأųһɫĳӸĶڱȽϿλã߳ؿʱ춼Ѿ׺ˡ
Ѫҹĵؿ뿪ĴҪһһĵؿͨ˵뿪ˣڽ֮ǰȫ뿪Ѫҹأȴһܵ¡
Ѿˣ޷һЩ·ѣûʲôҪġ


ڶһʮ ٹ
Ī뿪ѪҹأѾǵڶյˣѪҹﴦų˷ۣӸĽʿϷۣżķȥ
վڷϣĪӻͷ˾ԽԽԶѪҹأＸµʱ䣬Īջ֮࣬ǰоٵЩȻһЩ
Ϊεľһջ񣬹սʱַ߿սеɱ⣬սֵ֮еһ֡
Ŀ⿴Ѫҹأ¹֮ŨѪɷѪҹصĳǽԼҰбԽԽСֱ޷ٿĪӽһĻ
סѪҹؽҹһ¹⣬һຮ磬һƬѪɫ
ˣڶźĪͬ飬ȻǹƼҪصԼԭĵط뿪Ѫҹأȴǻ⼸һС
ҲгһգЩ˻ٻصƴɱˣӦҲˣѪҹصľᱣǵĻ֮С

ʳ񶼣ҹʱ̣ʹĴȴĴˣһŲƺڼ׵˽ʿ߽˻ʹ֮С
˻Ϳһӽʿϲû˿ı飬ôؿֱ߽ͷλЩǱ佫ߵǰóһεĺӣ򿪣͵ǰ
ڼ׾սꪽ˻ʣ佫˵
εĺ֮ŵĶսꪣսꪵЩŲƺڼ׵ĽʿԨߺڼ׾Щ
ȴ󹦣ȥϢɣ֮з͡ź֮еսꪣͿ˵
ˣҵȽսꪽֻΪɵµΪ˷͡µսꪵʱ˻ʱ˵ǽ裬ôȻù黹ǰһԾŶһ׮£ҵЩµȻҪ׵ˡ佫˵һ˵꣬ͺļڼ׾ͷҲصת뿪ʧããҹɫ֮С
ͿʧһӺڼ׾ٿǰսꪣ΢΢һ¡
Щڼ׾ӦҲǺڼ׾һЩˣĿģֻǰԨһѣѾˣ¡
ջĿ⣬ǰսꪣнսꪱ뵽˷֮ڡ
ʹĴŻĹˣҹ˵һߵҹ
Īһʱ䣬ǾӦܹݾڣȻܻܿӸˡῴ·ľüͷĪ˵
ҪᣬھӸԽԽʱȴЩǳˡ
ｫصģ߹սĲңｫѾˣ˹ġĪӿᣬڿοһ䡣
ӸʿֻʣңвĽʿսɳһЩݸ˵ʧѾ̫ˣỹЩġ
ǵĻصӸ֮Ӧô͸𽻴ڵģȥЩսʿļˡ
ĪӵĿοҲֻܿЦһ˵ϣ˰ɣ
ʣµ·ѾԶˣ֮зеķۣҲֻʣӸһңһʱҲܿȥڽݾڡ
ʻ˼ʱ۽Ӹ·Ϥľҷۿʼ½ܿ䵽˵ϡ
صһ̣˻ûü뿪ۣһ㴫˵ĶС
ӭӸڽʿ顣
ӸĪҲϤ̷ֱ˳
·ۣеĽʿӸǵķ˲ԶͿλӸĹԱҲ߹
ЩӸĹԱĪӲ̫죬ȴǳϤǰк
ӭλ飬Īｫλʿ븮ǣӸΡڴкǼλӸĹԱһλ˵
Ѫҹصսǻʤһǰȥ֧Ԯݸڹǿ顣
λԱĻйĽʿжӣ׼ȥӭǵͻ
ѪҹؼµЩʿҲɳ˲٣֮ҵĴһ־֮ʦƣǼӸĹԱ޲ڡ
ѪҹصԡѪЩʿѾΪ˾ｫûҲĪｫڽʿǡ
ЩĽʿĪʵʱǣڳеİһ׼еӭֳĪӲ̫ϲ
ȴϵͷ˵ǱҪȥġ
ˣ͵Ϊ÷۴һԺӸͽҲܼһЩôһ룬ĪӾͺǼԱͬ£Ӹĸȥ
ոߵſڣĪӾͿ˳ſһѵˣǰһǸһԪ
Īӿſڵ˵ʱſڵҲĪӵˣǲ߹Ľʿǣһ󻶺Ⱥ֮
ӭӸڽʿ飡һ𣬲ϵʱԵÿǹ˳ſڵЩ
ĪӵһĽӽſڣҵĽʿҲһıƽ־սɱ֮γɵƣóſڵĻ˲䰲һ£ֱøˡ
Ī߽ʱ򣬸ԪͬʱĪһ
Īˣ
ｫЩʿǲˡĪ΢Ц˵
˵ĶԣЩʿˣڽʿǣ˵ͷȻһơ
ĪʱҲûпһߵˣ粽߽ڡ
ǵĵһۣͿ˵·ӸİգڿĪӽǵһ˲䣬
󣬾ˣԼԪˣںЩʿǡ
Щʿǵһ̣һ߽߳ӸĽʿǰͦأ̤ǰȥӭԵĻ
ڼеӭ֮ȻЩʿʱĪҲڿԽˡ
ӸĸУĪӺ͸Ԫһ
ĪˣӸʿǰѪҹƽһ·ˡ
ˣȥѪҹأҲ˲ټʶұҲһңչЩʿĻｫϵͷˣʱ䲻ӸӰصĵӡˣλϡĪԣЦ˵
˵Ī˳Ӱǵ˵ĽһԵԪ˵һЩʾӰһƽĪӵĸĸ͵Ӷá
Īոջ϶ǹƼԭʱӦû쵽ʳŵķΪ˲õܼˣҵʣҪʲôҲϱʳ콫ı𿪿˵
ĪӺӸʿĪѪҹصһЩѾ˽һЩУĪӺƳ磬ԹĪӵı꣬㾡Īõ
˵ʳı꣬Ī˼ϵңûʲôرȱٵĶһʱ벻ҪӻʳҪЩʲôꡣ


ڶٶʮ 
ĪڻûʲôȱٵĶԼȱԴԼҲ֮࣬ģԼı꣬Ҳûа취ӻʳõʲô̫õĶ
գĪӾҪһЩݵӣԼһЩӰˣô󣬵ȴܹõϵĶ
ĪӲûҪĻʱȸȵԼԺҪʱá
ϸһ֮ĪӻǴͷֻŷţ˵ͱ˼ҸˣʱʲôòȰʵʵڵĶɡ
Ӹȥ֮ǰĪȥһ˰ټѧã˿ĪĪˣ²ĪĪֳ˲٣̸ֹ֮䣬ĪӾܸоڰټѧʱѧ˲ٶ
СһҲҪʮˣҲ˶µͣܳɳһЩĪҲеˡ
һĪټѧãܵ˺ܸߵټѧüλ൱񾳽ȫĪӼһ棬˴֮Ҳ̸һӣ̸һЩ嵱ǰֵ⡣
Ӱټѧ뿪֮ĪȥһȻ׼Ӱˡ
Ѫҹ⼸ʱ䣬Īһͬǰļ֮УҲĪӾҲս̸ཻܹѶ֡
ӸųĪһһλһڿնӰصķȥֻĪӸղվĵطмƬ⻯ɵҶƮڿУܿʧˡ
ĪʩչŶݷһźĹǳϵĵݷĪҹõսƷУзҶݷ
ŶݷӦĳλĸģ䵽λУĪնɱλ֮󣬴Ĵ֮ҵŶݷ
ĪҲҪһķжŷҶݷٶҲպǱڣĪȻˡ
ӸӰأĪʩչݷķٶȣֻ˲ʱѾˡ
£ĪֱɽɽƣĪ¶ЦݣԼؼˡ
ĪֱӻɽӰõ֪ĪӽǱߣͷȺĪӵȴ˸ա
ĪԭӸСһĪӴѪҹعͷ˵ݣĪӸ룬ݸҲ֪Īӵ֡
ĪӲڵ⼸УӰµ֪ӰĪôһŸˣᣬӭһսĪӣͬʱҲʶһ¡
ͷ˺ܾ֮һֱûмĪӵټϵһ¸õˣ֪ĪӲûˮ·
˸յֻЩʧĻȥˡ
ɽߣĪȫ󷨵ɽ֮У÷һ㡣
ʦѾƽصӰأ˼ҲΪӵˣȻ֪˼ʲô֮ǰҲûик˼Ҽ£⣬ʦʲô£ʦСģõϵӵĵطʦ뾡ܿڡ¯֮УĪС˵÷Ѿλˣ֮÷ܹüġ
ڸ÷֮ĪӱɽȥܿͿµ÷ۣȻһ۾Ϳ÷£һһĻƷǡ
һĻĪڸоԼˣϢߵǵǰǻƵķЦſ˵
ľ׷ƵѾ൱ˣ⼸ʱ䣬û͵
ͻȻһ̧̱ͷͬʱϵѾת
̧ͷվԼǰĪӵʱ̷¶һɾЦݿڵʦˡ
ϵɾЦݣĪĵ˵ͷ
Ϊʦˣ⼸Ϊʦڵɽûʲôɣ
ĪӵʻҡҡͷĪߺ⼸ɽ˵һ顣
ʵҲûʲô飬ɽ󷨱Ī֮ɽֻʣһˣƽʱҲɽй۵עߣûʲô鷢
Ҳȥºӹ壬Īӵĸĸǳ飬ÿһǹȥ˶ǳˡ
˽һǺԼĸ⼸µĪҲһƽƽٺòˡ
Ī΢һǣ뿪⼸£ǰ㶼û͵ΪͨѧҲѧ˲ٶ
Ȼ⼸ʱһֱѧͬ˲ٵʣĪӿ̹󣬾ͿʼĪЩ⡣
Īһһ˽ͬʱҲͨЩ⣬ڵˮƽеˣĵӣĪӽǷǳʡģԼڵҲܹ͵סįС
ڽǵЩⶼɫҲѾˣص÷۵Īӣһʱ䣬ڽ̵ǵĹ֮жȹˡ
Ѫҹصļ£ĪϼûϢڲμҹԣںһȺĸֽڻص÷ۺĪ˶ȻҹĻ֮󣬸оһ˿Υľ⡣
صԼķڣĪڴϣܿ˯֮С
ûΧ޴ڵѪɷ֮еҲǳŨˣ÷ԼĵĵطĪһ˯ķǳ
ڶϣոĪѹʱѾѾʼεҲˡ
Ѫҹصļ£ĪûнÿϵΣھֻ£ʵЩ㣬ڼȻص÷ۣÿϵξҪ¿ʼˡ
߳ӣεǣĪҲʼԼΡ
֮УĪӸоԼԽԽ⼸ʱѪҹʱսһЩӰ죬ĪεĿʼĴĪӵʧˡ
رĪӿʼʱһ΢ԴĵжĪʶ֮е첻â΢΢һЩһЩµĸҲĪӵĪӸоµ
ʶеҲ֮вϵ׳ڵҲڼתΪһ˲١
ȵж֮ĪӸоԼ̬һƽ˲٣ڿڿεĹ֮УĪӾԼһЩҵ˼ԽԽ٣ָ˴ǰרע
վĪߵǣһӦķǳĪӻص÷֮ǾͷԼʦͼǰȣԼһηƣϢ΢һЩ仯
ɴӽοʼĪϵηƽʧˣָĪԭ˵ָоøƮ
ϵȫ֮ĪҲԼϵı仯ԼΪߣҪ̬»ָΪʱսһЩһɨա
ֿʼȥԼղڵݣĪߵ÷£ɵԼϣеҡ
ԭĪڻ̰֮÷۵ճ̣ȴͻȻôžˣҲûʲôԭ򣬾ͻȻ䲻ɶѣ뾲úõϢһ¡
Թź֣͵øУҡţĪ˫ۣ鳹׵


ڶٶʮһ ׷
е͵øУĪȷʵҲֻ˰죬Ϊʱ򣬾ɽá
Ӱεһǳͨˣطƽģ˵жڣȴмֳȡ
ӰһӰЩ̫ãӰߣйһʵСţĪȵɢ޸֣һصģȻȡĲ㣬ȴҲԱ֤ʲôӡ
ĪӺλε̸һʱңоòµȷȣҲһЩٳϰҲ⣬ԶԷ˵պ;һԾ֮ķǳ
ڶԷһݳȣӰصӦҲԱ֤ӰصƽеհµĵӣôȥӰҲźõķչ
λεںĪӽӴ֮ҲͬһλĪһദˣҶӰصҲûԼòֵĵط֣еĹȥ˴롣
ȵ뿪֮Īɽһºӹ壬ȥһ¸ĸ
Īɽ򸾼ĪƽﶼǳĸˣȻ֪Īӱ²СĪȥĵطʵ̫ΣˣȻҲⲻ˵ġ
ĪӻصӰصĵ죬ԭΪԼҪ׵Ļصǰƽֳʵÿ÷£пɽƾ棬ɽȴвٵ˶ݷá
ЩбصĸŴ󻧣Χطɢ޻ߵ٣һЩĽǰʦġ
Щ˵ĵִĪӺü徲ЩصĸŴ󻧱ȽϺô򷢣޷ǰһʽ飬ֻˢ˴˽̸һҲͽˡ
Щطɢ޻ߵ٣ԵĿľͱȽ϶ˣʽģеݷõģԼһЩĪӲ̫һĪӵģЩˣĪӻһЩʱ䡣
Īͷ۵ģȴЩʦģЩ٣ݬ룬ҲиеͣһЩȽϴģǴͶʦҲ߱һΪ
ĪλȷͽĴ㣬֮ǰѾƻˣպ÷յӣϣ߾Ӣ·ߣӵԺʶҪأЩǰʦˣ̫Īͽı׼
յĵӣ治һ׵顣÷£ĪʳָĹؽڣߵԼüģа뵽
ڸղţڰǰʦ֮УһȽ̵ˣĪӸоһ
ʵ˵Щǰʦ֮УȻʴ඼һ㣬ȷһЩˣԻ㲻÷һһСŵĻĪҲ⽫Щ£һ˵һɲŵġ
ڵ÷̵ۣܹӵģֻĪһˣʵûоȥ̵̫ĵӣֻŶգЩȻĪͽı׼
ǻ˵Īڵͽ׼ҵʵĵӣҲһȽѵ£ϾЩĵӣСˣ©ʵڲࡣ
ͽʱĪҲûôյڶӣǻûгʦȴʵġ
Щӵ鴦ˣĪӾʹһԼѪҹصջһ¹滮һ÷۵ŴѵԴĪӷԭĽƻ׼һõġ
˼·Ҫ䣬ǽÿһϽһ󷨣ϣҲҪƵÿһҲӵһЩЧ
ڼʶɱ֮Īϵ࣬ۿ칤ѧüʱ䣬潨һµĹؿĪҲѧ˲٣ĪĽ÷Ϊһ
ԭõ֮ڹҪƵؽļƻҲҪ¹滮һ£ɽĵòҪСȵĸĶЩĪ˵ѣھͿԿʼˡ
ǣһ׼εʱ򣬾ͻȻ֮䷢֣ΧĻİһЩ÷ۻǰûʲô仯ɽƺ˲٣Ҳ˲٣״ҲһЩı䣬Ȼϳǰɽ
ʦɽô첻һˣűİһЩɽתͷͬεĪӡ
ʦɽһ£ֵطЩ̫Ծ΢ɽòһЩĪЦŻشһ䡣
Ŷԣ˵ͷûϾᣬ˵ɽʲô״ҪֻҪ÷ۻڣֻҪʦڣͿˡ
Ī׼Ľµ÷ʱӸߣȴ˻İС
һδӸȥѪҹصһʿңҵĽʿսɳҲزˡ
ЩսʿӢ꣬Ѿ˾Ӣ֮УȴŻʳ뷷⣬Щսʿɥ£ҲҪġ
ĽʿսӸڣԿڰɥµ˼ңЩսʿʬǶھרŵĵط԰ɥµ˼ңҲ¹ڣ
ʳ񶼣糯֮ʱһλĴĳ˻ࡣ
£Ѫҹսʱһ䣬ǰȥ֧ԮѪҹصĸݸʿҲԻصݸݸǰȥ֧ԮĴʧأرݺͻݸǰȥ֧ԮĴʮһذԹԣ¶Ӱ
ڸݸľӣսĽʿȰӦеĸ£ݸŴսʿݺͻأӴȣԺһ⣬ĶݣݸӰա
Ӣ
£ݸս֮嵥Ѿϣ¶ᡣ
ȸݸ˹ѫ֮Ҫ׼ţҪ󲻺߲أ
ס

ϵ糯ɵĹ֮нţг⣬ʹĵӦֱ֣糯Ҫʱ򣬼ûгˣʱȴˡ
ѪҹһսԨΪսɢֻתʵһʳһʧ±ʹ֣Ϊ¹ڣܽ׷ţʾ׷˼֮
͵Ļһ䣬·ĳ֮У˾Ϳʼз˼
Ԩͳ˧ͬھ޴棬ֻǰȥתսڻʳ˵ʵһӽ˺ܶ鷳
ԨңΪԡѪɳͳ˧ͬھɸ裬б׳֮ͬ⡣ܿ죬ĳ֮о˱Լ̬ȣвٵĳҲʾͬ
ȸ飬֮ͬ⣡
ԣ΢΢˵ͷ֮ôɴȫͬˣҪΪΪԨ׷ţҪĻʳˣΪԨֻʣͶ̥ת׷ţֻһܹʷ֮ϣúհĳƺŶѡ
ƾԨһΪԼͻʳĹףһţҲȫܹе
֪¿ãΪӵ׷εţһλϳʵ
ԣվ˵
گ£ԨΪһϹᣬʵһʳ׷š


ڶٶʮ 
ԨĪӷиոյõϢԺ֮Ԩ֮ǰսǰ̳Ѫ֮Ϊҽĳ档
飬ֻתûб뷷ΪĻᣬţҲֻʷ֮УӴú֪йԨһˡ
ΪԨֻǵĻһţĻʳˣ鲢ûκ˷ԣ¾Щȴ뷷ĽʿӢ꣬Ҳʲô
ټѧôݸĪһεϢ඼ǳһЩٴ룬ҪĲ֣ѪҹعĸݸĽʿİá֮ġ
ĿǰЩٴʳķʽ㲻ӦĶˣڶЩսʿӢ뷷⣬һЩȷϢƣʳʼɶԵһʿӢ뷷⣬֮ЩʿӢ갲׵
ʱȿܻȽϳڴڼ䣬뷷ʸ֮꣬ܶҪЩʿĺˡ
ڻʳߵϢĪֻ΢עһ¶ѣʱҪȫ˶÷۵ϡ
µ÷ҪʲôĪѾгˣĹ滮ǳ
ǺԭһĿǰ÷䷿ᱣֲ䣬䷿ȻЩªĪסôãȴס÷ǳΪʲôĶ
ԭⲻ֮⣬ɽһֱɽЩطĪӶѾ˹滮
ɽ£ĪӴһƬīȵļ֮Ѿ˷һԺĪΪߣīȵļ֮ݵһߵĸ߶ȣΪպ÷ҪĴ֮һ
ȻĪӽյͽ̫ܲ࣬ҲӦδˣǰʼһ񣬵ȵպ÷۷ˣ˵ʱõϡ
֮⣬ĪӻһЩѡȽϺóɻٶȱȽϿЩҪΪĪӲľԱĵ˵պҲܳΪ֮⣬ɽһµķߡ
һЩĪӻῪټֲһЩҩܶԼûʲôãҲ÷۵̵һ֡
ĪĿǰ׼ɵ󷨣ʱ򼸿ͨ󷨵ķǳŨһЩƽʱıȽ϶ֱ࣬ȽӦÿʵԸ㡣
ЩϷĪ׼ˮһȪ󷨽ڵ㣬һ𵽹ȵЧ
ϣǾҪһЩˣһЩᣬݷõʱһ޵ĵط
뷨ΪǰνӸĸ÷۷Щá
ʼЩʱĪӾõԼ칤ѧѧӵѧһЩɣÿһЩϿ·ġ
칤ѧ֮ڻиֽ϶⣬˱ط֮⣬ܴһԭʵǾϸ
ĪѪҹصļ£ۿЩ칤ѧɵѧӣÿһ齨שʯֿ֮¼ģһשһߣһһȫһ˿ҲΪ־ϸĽģ칤ѧɵ塣
Īû칤ѧɵЩֶΣҲܹƵ飬˼·ֻҪˣҪ
ʱν֮ҲĪһ飬Ѿ֪ʦ÷ۣҲǳԸ⹱Լ̣˵Ҳһѧϰ
һµʱ䣬ĪӺһŬʮᡣ
Ȼ󷨻ûɣʮᣬΪĪӺǵģڽ֮ѾԲ߱΢ǿЧĹЧͬʱҲľ
ΪõĲ϶Կ֮УȻȻһɵŵУĿ
˿Ľ֮ĪԱߵһڵ㣬ֺһһ
ĽĵԼټҾ䣬иֱֲ漰鼮
У˸оרע˼άӻԾ˵
ССĲĪӺǽѵʱ䲢Ƚʮ٣ҪΪ˴ﵽערע˼άԾЧⷽ滨ʱȽ϶ࡣ
ڲе鲻漰֮࣬ͬҲǳҪպ÷سҪ׳ģĪҲⷽ໨һЩ˼
ڽ˲֮󣬽ؽ֮ڵȻ˺ɽ֮ǰѾһΣһؽĪҲ˲ٵ˼
֮һ룬ĪӺǾͲòʱͣˣΪֵһ֮ʣĪĪӸˣĪҲǻºӹȹء
Ҳصϲ죬֮ʣӭһϢ
ϢԺǱߣ֮󣬺ٴոһЩʧأںˮ彻ս֮Уˮͳ˧Ŀǰڽڽڱƽ
˵һϢҲظһЩֵķΧĪЩǣϢ֮УȻᵽհף˵ˮĽս֮Уհ˲СĹס
ؽ֮ĪӺǷɽ֮ǰĹڣһ£ɽµ֮ɡ
һΣĪֱ¯¯УҾʯΪԴЩҲҹеջ
Īֺںɽ˱չصľңҲǷǳбҪġ
ܹˮɵͻƾȻǺ£ʿ˵ͻƹؿһ׵飬ǻѾ㹻ˣȴʼղôһţԵδܹҲֻпޡ
պ÷Ҫ߾Ӣ·ߣĪҲµĵӶʡԣʣܹҵһѾǽˣԣչصľҷǳбҪ˵гһԼҲܹõϡ
ڱչؾҵĽ죬ҪǻҪ֤̲ܴţ㹻ˣ֮ǰͲľ飬ĪӻչصľҸ˾İЧ
꾲֮ĪɽϿٳһƬտشһСĹ㳡ϻ̨պµӵд衣
ԭ÷¹ڣĵطǰĪӽһʦ
ĪӽĽʦ˵ȽСȻҲһЩ˼ǿô
֮ԽʦôСĪҲԼĿġ
Ϊ֮ˣ׷ǴͬʱҲóĪϣպ÷۵ĵӣܳ棬ǰλʦ֮Уϣһ䲻ʦѾܹ÷۹ʦ֮á
ڽʦ֮Īɽ壬ֽһССͤӣȡͤʱûʲô֮Ҫȵ󷨳׵֮󣬲ܹá
֮󣬾ɽһݣͨ·ˣҲǷǳҪģһЩڵĽҪ
ͨ·ͨĪҲѸڵͨͬһϸĹÿһ̨̾׵ʯ岻ͨʯͷҪĪƣ֮ĲֹҲﲻæҲĪԼ
ͨڵһǳҪܷɹתһΪؼ
쵽һ÷۵Ǵ깤ˣȻһЩڵ֮ûʲôĪѾа취ת


ڶٶʮ ·
ʦҪ·ĵĲأ֮ûзֽҪɵĲϣǱĪʵ
죬ҪˡĪԣǹһĨЦ⣬˵
ĪӵĻǵ˫ĪӵЦݣ֪÷۵ˡ
ʦǲǿתˣǼʵ
𼱣һ㣬ȵ֮ͿˡĪһ˵ţóһ鵭ɫʯȻһ󷨽ڵȥʯ󷨽ڵ֮
һ󷨵Ľڵ٣⼸ʱ䣬ĪӺɵĽûа취е󷨽ڵڵ÷ۣʵҲҪôĽڽɵЩѾ㹻÷ʹˡ
Ͼ÷ֻĪӺˣѾ㹻ݳˡ
Ҫתÿһڵ㶼Ҫչ˵ĪӾѡһЩʵͷЩڵ㡣
ôһôǽʡʱ;ͨЩͷܹ󷨿ٵĳͣת
ڶôǾδһ죬÷ҪʱֻҪʵĽ滻Щڵ֮еͷܹɵ滻
ЩͷҲתһΪɽϵÿһڵ㣬ʺϽ콨ģһЩ߽߱ǽǵĽڵ㣬ǱҪ÷ģ½Щ߽Ҳǲܶġ
ǸĪӵ󣬿ĪӽһɽϵĸڵУҲ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ԴӺĪһ÷ۿʼǶ󷨽ҲȤ÷ۣҲͬһݹͣڼĪ׼ҲǳڴܹʱŬĳɹ
ˣɣɽһڵķȥĪЦ˵
һԵԣڴֵﵽһ壬վȴĪת󷨡
ĪӻعͷͿϵڴ֮ɫǿڽ͵ڻУʽתʱҹ
ŶĪӵĻȻЩʧûа취̿תǷǳɵĵ˵ͷȻͻص÷£ȥԼˣֻﻹڴϣҹ쵽
ڴҹ쵽ĪȴʼϸϸĴɽ¿ʼ󷨵ÿһû©Ҫĵط
ĪʳҪı֮꣬ǰѾ͵ĪӵУмʮӣ
ĪʱЩֵ֮Уż֮һǼ֮УӶѾѿˣѾһ˸ˡ
ٹ꣬Щ֮гһЩ꣬ĪӾͿԽЩһЩֵɽ£ʼĹ롣
Ŀǰûô񣬵ɽҲǿյһƬĪһЩͨӣ֮£ѾΧһƬ֡
żһЩƬ֮пһЩʱҲ˳㴩֣ȥ÷֮һ㡣
ʮᣬո߽ŵһ˵ζûеǷõʱ䡣
ɽ֮չصľңɽͤÿһطĪӶûзŹϸϸļһ飬ȷû˿©ŷ
ҹĻܿ콵ˣոպǾĪӵߣҲ˵վĪӵա
ҹҲ칫ķȴǳǹ˸ţԵɷǺÿ
ʱˣǳĪϵʼתзһɽĸ
վĪߵǣٴ¶ڴ֮ɫʱŬҪյĳɹʲôˡ
һɳɽطͬʱ˹âĪӺཨɵЩͷڵ㣬ǹâԴͷ
ţһâ˳̾͵ĵ·ʼ죬ܿâͱ˴˻һ

Īӵͺһٴһ⣬䵽ɽ֮ͤ˲䣬еĹâ·ҵԴͷȫ۵ɽͤ
âĻ֮£ͤһâͬһʱ̣ɽΧĻɽܵӰ죬ʱֹͣת
û˻ɽ󷨵ڣ⣬˲ͱ˲ʶй۷ɳɽΧ̽쵽׷ʲô¡
ĪûЩ߶󷨡â𼸸֮󣬹âıϸȻٵʧ
ǽţԭ׵ҹգͻȻ˵ϸСĽ⣬ͺǵǹ֮Ʈ䣬ƮɽϿա
ǿǹ£䵽ɽͤԭâѾͣǹµ˲䣬ͷ·µһ㣬һǹͬɫɽɽҲͬȾһƬɫǹ⡣
ȻǹӣɽнҲɽ嶼һƬǹ֮С
ˣӦΧŨǳ֮ĪϵĿɨɽĸ
Īõǹܹǳ֮ͬʱ߱һĹͷ
֮ѡ󷨣ĪҪǿܹǳ֮һ㣬ܹ𵽺ܺõĸá
Ŀɽɽµĵǹ⣬ʵҹɫ֮в̫ۣͨԶһЩϸĻὫԵ
ɽͤӦɽâĵط֮дǳ֮䵽ĵطɽͤ
ھ֮ͤǳ֮ᱻתΪƶתԴȪͬʱҲһ˵Чǳ֮ø͡
ɽ֮ϱչصľңɽĲͿᣬЩҲͬһǹ⣬ɽһɽȪʳȪˮҲŵǹ⡣
·֮УǹƮ֮ЩΧ֮͵ǳ֮֮еЩ
֮ЩĪԵ÷ʱõĺôӦø
ֻ÷ϣǹɵɫһɫ֮͸
һĻĪӸ飬̧־ɫˮ䵽÷ϡ
ԴĪʶ֮е첻⵮֮ȻûгʲôˮЧȴøǿˣȻҲøˡ
ɫˮ䵽÷ϣָ÷һ⣬֮ͬϣԿĽ⣬ٵ뵽֮С
ɽЩ仯ȻΧЩʶ̽鵽ˣֻǰĪӵӣΧ̽ʶٶһξ룬ûֱ̽뵽ɽС
ӽǣԿɽڵǹ֮УϸСǳ£ڵҹɫУɽһǹɽ壬Ƿ
Ѿǹ⣬պ÷ۣǳΪһСˡйУԪ˵ߵļҲǵͷͬ


ڶٶʮ 
ɽĶȻֻйһҷˣáãԼһЩĸ֣ҲˣϾ󷨷Ķͦġ
ۿɽںҹǹĻģȴֻайڵˡ
ǹ󷢶ɽΧĻɽҲתɽϵһ̽Ҳûлˡ
мʶˣҲ֪ɽĶô£Щ棬Īһɢ޸֣Լĵ۽ʲôӣŻô󶯾
һЩ˺ʱĪӺѾʼһˡ
ɽѾͬˣɽϵͱɽŨ̶ɣֻ
ɽȥԿɽĲľһҹ֮øӴףԵȻ΢ЩңҪ΢һ¡
ɽһȪ΢Ȫˮ˳һϸϸķ϶·֮С
ܿ⣬ṩǳ֮֮е
Īڿ⼸ʱصؾ뵽һ㣬ǳ֮˫ЩṩԽ
ɽȪˮƹ⼸ȻɽһƬ֮УϣɽƬҲøïˣӴ׳ԣͷ·Ѿ˺ܳʱһ
ɽɽȥҲһƬֲף۵ģȴɽͤʱѾǰ죬ͤϷԿϡĹ㣬ͤȻڹâ֮С
ɽͤɽļҪĪ÷ɽʱ̻ǳֵ֮ĵطˣҲͬˡ
ҹ󷨷֮ʱúôģҪ÷÷Ҫһء
÷ԭѾܲˣǳ֮Īӵˮ⣬ȻǱøӲˣβõȵ÷֮һвܼ
ˮİǳ֮÷Чضͬʱܵǳ֮÷Īа
֮ϣɽ˵ǴΨһûʲô仯ģڵ÷ˣªķᣬȻһµɽûԵ˿룬ǳĺгַ豹ĺظС
÷ɺĵһΣĪӻǣоεЧرãյЧѡ
رϲڵ÷ۣԼϤһжڣӵĶҲͬԼһݹףֲУȻȻͻһͬС
ڽϵν֮û÷¼Ī̵ݣܵ¿ٵĹ㳡ȵ֮¶һɾʵЦݡ
ĪӿǵЦݣҲͬ¶һЦݣǰʲôڰԼµЩ꣬Ǹı˺ܶ࣬ɳ˺ܶࡣ
Щ飬ܵȵһ죬ȻҪȥԣĪϣȥЩʱѾܹƴָĲֻΪ
Īǰ֮˽Ƶط¡ԴĪڲȱ÷֮ĪҲʣ²ԴҶĪ˵Դʶ֮е첻⣬ҲĲƸ֮һ
÷֮󷨿ʼתĪܵˡءĺô
Ũǳ֮Īӵٶһǧķǳ죬񾳽ԽԽΪˣ׳ȴһ㡣
ֻͬ£ΪҲǳ죬ʣҲǳ̿࣬÷֮һ£ǵΪڣʼ꾳
÷۵ѾˣĪӳÿյ֮⣬ͿʼרԼѪҹõջ
ЩڸյõʱĪѾ˼򵥵ķűһЩԼܹõϵĶڵõ֮Ҳˣͱ˵ŷж
һЩ¼ҲǳееǵϵһǷļ֮ȫܹ׵õĶ
ĪʧǣɻЩսƷ֮УûЩŵĴ򣬶ԴˣĪֻܲ²ЩŶڴеĿأԼԸ޲Եͣûʸɻ̶ֳȵսƷ
ɻЩĪ֮ǰѾһ飬ȻϸϸƷļֵĪȤȴЩЩջģ
֮ǰĪӶ֣֮صûа취ȡ
ĪѪҹʱ̹Щ֣ŵĿе֪Ҫ򣬻΢Щ鷳
һĴУ֮⣬ͬһЩĴУЩҲúء
ֻǺȣڵϣصȻѪţܹõЩе壬ĸžԲ
Ϲλ洫֮ǻ壬ڶͨǣǿԿʱΪǿ塣
Ϊǿ־ˮ֮УԲ壬Գһ壬ͳˮеˮ
ΪǿʼȻͷǳУǴе֣ҽЩŲѪ֮Уܹöġ
ЩѪͨ壬ǾͱȽϲˣԭͺлܹӴУżԵɺϵõˣҪҲһ鷳¶ֻЩѪŲ塣
ͱ֤׼ȹ̣ҲΪЩѪԽԽأЩѪͨУѳʲôɫ
ˮҲ࣬ҲԼ֣ҲѪ֮С
ͬΪһ㣬Ҫ֣ͱһȽ鷳¡
ЩѪŲ壬岻ûץסÿһҪͨһЩֶΣǵѧģô롣
ֱڣȻûг׵գѧϰоȻûг׵գҲƽ߳ңѾ㹻ˡ
Ī֮ǰӻʳҪı֮УһѾֵĵ伮ݵ伮⣬ĪջЩڿԿʼĶеˡ
ĶЩУĪӺܿһЩջĪҹնɱĵһֻ޵壬֮Уһš̽ʳǷǳʺ޵һҪĪӴ۽硣
кնɱ壬ϵõУҲһЩ·źܴĲͬ뷨ǳ˼Щ඼
Щ˵ȽʺϣΪǿºܿͻԼСûˡ
ȻܹЩ幦ǽһ˼·ǿԵģЩвǣЩҲҲǴңĹûˡ


ڶٶʮ Ѫ¼
ķȻҲô˼÷µϣĪһڽζƷš
Уصһ巨ļ֮Ƶļ֮û̫𣬵ڷϣȴΣƾƣʹطΡ
ķ֮϶ϻﵽһܸߵĸ߶ȣ˵УܷӳǷͨߵУȴܹӳܵ
Īڶַļ֮ǳȤʶ֮е첻⣬ѾĵҲݻ֮С
첻֮һĲƣĪѾʼǣԼδʶе첻⣬ǽƳһ鱦ǵԼΪһ߶֮첻⣬Ϊĳɱ䡣
ַӣǰߣĪӿԵõһ鱦ΨһһܻܿᳬԽɱһߵĸ߶ȡ
ߵĻĪ棬Ȼһǿ鱦ȴǽΰõĺôȻҲ˵
ķ֮Īӿܹڶʱ֮ڣ첻⻯Ϊ鱦һ˼·
ڴ첻ַĪҲûö⣬ʵĪЩ̰Ĳ㣬ַҪȴûֿеİ취ڻûеʱĪӻгʱúȥǡ
ϸϸĴĦһе򣬽ͷβϸϸһ飬Īüͷ΢ɲһ¡
ؼĵطЩȱʧһݣҲûа취ŷ룬Դпı廹ҪҪһļ֮ҲôеŵһߣĪ΢΢ҡͷ뵽
ЩѪҹصõ򶼿Ĳ࣬Щ󲿷ֶȱʧرһЩؼ֮ԾǿĽĳЩҪݸˣвֻûа취շ룬͵Щϻõ򣬶ĪãҲֻвοļֵˡ
һĴĪִӴȡһȡʱȴ˴֮еһִһִҲ˳
Ī뿪Ѫҹ֮ǰѪĺĽĪӵģЩأ֪һ
ִһĴ﷨һʮ˴ɣÿһ֮УӦһƬռ䣬˸ֶ
õִúĪӾͿһĶﵱʱһȰִͻȥĳ嶯
µѪĺĵԲᣬҲû뵽ôأһλ൱ڶⴿֵıңѪҹصͳ˧֮һֹȻǷǳ¡
˼Īӻǽһǳһ񣻵ڶĪѪĺƺҲڽһݼУԼ֮־еĪӵϡ
ĺ÷ཻĪ棬˵ݶҲҲڶˣĪ÷ĵӣĺˡ
ִĪͻȻڵõִ֮ʱ˵ԼдмһЩûɵطøղſ֮δĸоԼдȤ
֪תȡ˸߳ɾ͵ѪĺдݻʲôӣĪһţһ߽ʶִ֮̽С
ִ֮емʮ֮࣬ȫɵһĵǸĪһ۾ͷˣΪǵõġ
Ƿóʶ֮̽УĪӿʼ֮еݡ
ƪûᵽݣǽԼƽ
ĺ÷ʶ֮ʱ˶ɢ޵ݣ֮ǰʵһСŵĵӣֻڹ涨δֻܹȻ뿪
뿪ǸС֮ĺûбǸСǽԳΪһɢޡ
ɢ޵Щ֮бһʴˣĺ÷ת۵㣬ȴἰ
ĪӲɵȤˣ֪ĺ׾ʲô߱һߣﵽĸ߶ȡ
ľת۵㣬ͺ÷ͬѡһ·ϣս֮ĥԼȻ֮ǡ
սΪһ꾳ʿûʸμҹԣսȻ˺ܶΣգЩֻȵĪȴܹĵ׾˺ĥѣ
ȻЩĥѣȴûܹĵĵ֮ǣϣûпսʱˣĽҲʶһЩˣʼЩ̡
ʶЩ֮УߣҲаټѧɵĵӣһЩս꣬Щ˸ĳ˺ܶ⣬ṩ˽˼·
֮صطĸЩ˼·Щ˵İ´ġ
ɱնɱģԵļԦɱ⣬۷ɱһ˻նǣԽ֮ǡ
޵޿ң޾ηη֮ӵ֮Խ֮ǡ
ֵΪһ֣ɶ£Խ֮ǡ

֮еݣĪϵɫԽԽأ֮صЩʵЩ̫ĪӵԤϡ
ͱ˵ʼļ֣һɱնͨһɱ⣬ɱ֮ǿնƵ֮ϵһĨ⣬ȡԿķȫ߱ԡ
ڶ޵һֶԵĵĴڴﵽһ޾η״̬ܹһӰ죬һ֮Ȼͽˡ
ֵԼĵĿһȻԭ⣬ǲȡһӣģԭĵģҲ߱ԡ
֮Уطкܶ࣬һܹƣô֮ǶɽϧЩطûɵİƷһЩŸոһ˼·
ЩƷطӦöԹΪǰƷԵʣĽ๦ܴɡ
Щ˼·ĸˣܽһطݳɹ¾ûѪĺˡĪ̾Щط˼·֮࣬ܿҲһЩ⡣
Щط˼·ȻİоǴЩƷط֮УҲܹطˣܵľޣԽԽһΪ̵ĸо
һطʱĪӲΪʲôһ߱һߵԭˡ
ɷطѪɷ壬Ƹ֮һΪתΪΪԱҾ֮ɽ֮ǡ
֮УΪطӦҲ֮İ취
طĺ棬ĪӿרעͣõˣҪ׳Ϊʹ֮󣬾ûٺڵĻˡ
ͷβһ֮Ī֪Լαռˡ
΢˼һ£Ī֮ϷȻĸ֡
Ѫ¼


ڶٶʮ 
ѪĺĸĪӵִ֮еĪʱȫû̽ȤеΪѪ¼򣬲ĪӾüֵĶ
һʱ䣬ÿ춼ԿĪͬһۿƬ̶֡
澳֮ʱھ֮ŬܷԶԼܡ
ݡѪ¼м¼طÿһ˾̾ⲻѪĺһ˵ǻۣǼ˵ǻ۽ᾧпյĲ롣
ʱģھ֮УκεһƹԸεץסԲǻۻ룬пԵģ¼뾡˰취Щ䵽ʵ
ν¿ͷѣЩƷطûнĵ⣬ݵһ̶ȾԼѾͷ֮󣬺ݷʵѾˣܹ
ܹ⡶Ѫ¼еȫ÷պӵĻֶһ飬ǲˡ
ĪΪѾˣʶҲǳʶ֮첻İĪʱ䣬ʼЩƷŽơ
ǰ˵ĻĪھһʱ֮󣬾ȻĽеһˣȻЩֲڣҪȴĪܹ裬ͬʱ･һ뷨
ɱնڵȼǱһɱ֮ϣศ֮£˵һſֲɱֶΡһոµĪӽոط¼С
طڵЧȫﵽطĴԤڵеɱ⣬һɱ֮˻塣
ϧطɱΪɱ֮ʱԵĻһЩӰ죬ĪӳһЩɱͷ
ԣط֮ĪӾɢ۳ɱ֮
ȻⲢĪ֮ͲطֻǴطĿͷҪ΢޸һ£ɱ
޸ĶĪ˵ѣ޷Ǿɱѡ
һط֮ĪûмȥطΪĪһ뷨ҪԼһط
֮ǰĪڽδʶ֮첻⣬һֱЩҡڲ첻ִʽҪԲһʱʲôѡ
ڣѪĺΪ˽֮ǣŪôƷطĪҲҪһط첻ͬʱԼ
ͲҪʲôѡˣֱӶҪͺˡңĪӶδطѾ˷
⻹ǶЩеݣرǸ¼һ巨֮򣬸Īָ˷
ĪҪ첻Ŀ첻⣬¼Լ飬ָʡҪҪڱס첻£ܹԼĿġ
Ǽļ֮УߵḶ́ɵģӶʹ߸ϣӳǿ
ĪӴط˼·򣬸һЩֻڶߣɴٽһںҲܴﵽĪһĿģ첻⣬ָԼ顣
طĴ˼·ˣǼ巨ļ֮ΪοϡѪ¼֮еڶƷطУҲͬһЩвοֵĪӶԼطɹĸźܴġ
ͨɱնĪѾ֪طһӦʲôˡ
ҪﵽԼ̶ֳȣһߣ߱أҪܹ첻⡣
Ī磬鱦ֶҲƷķ֮࣬첻Ҫ磬³Ϊ鱦ĪӾͱԼһܹ첻ߡ
бױزе鱦Īʶ֮е첻⣬Ҳͬ˳ɳ޵ơ
Īԭ磬첻⣬ɹ֮ҲֻܴﵽƷ鱦ĳ̶ȣ磬ȫпܸһ
Ҫɳһ첻ߣ첻֮ȻѾҵĵݻ֮УĪѾܹһ⡣
첻֮ɵ޵ģڴﵽ֮첻֮Ҫڵµͳһܵ顣
ԣҪߣܹ첻ڣ첻⻯Ϊ鱦Լɳ
ǰǣĪΪ첻ѡߣ̫֣ҲӰ쵽첻ĳɳޡ
һߣܺںϣĪѾ֪ôˡ
ˮ֮ƶһΪǣ֮Ϊϣһ¯Ϊߣ÷£Ī֮дطĹؼࡣ
ʶ֮еǵ첻⣬δݻķ򣬱ضһˮйص鱦ˮܹһУˮ߲ϲʲôҪֻҪųͻͺá
˼䣬ƶ֮һˣ̫飬Ҳ޷նΪⱾΪ˵һ֣޾
ĪӴһΪǣ֮ΪϣԵΪ¯ߡ
Ƴɹ֮ȻʱǳǿԴԴϵƶ᲻ϵĻϣ߲ϵĳɳֻҪĪӻţܹ˼߾ͿԲϱǿ
ܹķĪƵɱնĪӦɱͬʱһƶͷɱɱ֮ĸͷҲԱãչǿ
Ī֪ټѧѧɣǵʵͺ˵йأͱ˵ļңһʫʣһƪ£ܹ̺ͨʩչ
ĪӴطͷĵһʵΪؼĲ࣬һĹؼ豻֮󣬺Ĳ࣬Ī˵׶ˡ
޷ǾƳɹ֮ƾһǼܣںϣȻ첻⣬¼飬ЩĪûл̫˼Ѿ뵽Ӧ
֮÷۵÷֮ʣĪӳ׵Լط
ˣ
÷£ĪΧһ˵Ĺ㣬Īȴ˿ΪרעеУдطһ֣Ȼϲ¶һĨЦݡ
ԼˣĪһΧǹɹ㣬ĪڱУ˵ζ˲ĪӾһ񣬲ɵЩڳ̧ͷϵ÷
÷֮ǳ֮ʱ̵£÷½ĵһӣͺǰЩͬ
ԭǰûгǰǰ÷࣬ڳ֮󣬳Ĺʵ棬ƺһЩǳϸСĽɫߵ㣬·ǹ׺ϣ࿴ѡ
Щ÷Ī̾Ҫժһʣڴ֮ǰеҪһССβ
Ī˼֡



ڶٶʮ 
е֮պãĪһͷ÷ϣмö÷Ʈ䵽ĪӵС
ϸԼе⼸ö÷ÿһŹӵı棬ȵĽɫߵ㣬࿴ǰˣͬʱЩɫߵ֮УĪӸо˷ǳ΢ǳ֮
һö÷ķ˿Уҧµһ˲䣬Ī˫۱һ¶һܵı顣
ǳ֮˫֮£÷ĿڸкЧȻǰֱøǿˡ̾һĪ̲סֳһö÷
ԭ÷ĿڸоͼѣЧҲǳĲ̺һ˼֮˵ѾѵһƷˡ
ڵ÷̺Ũˣһ͵ǳ֮ӿڸ˵ǳ֮ǿ÷ֵ΢ᣬԭںһʹÿڸиһ¥һ̲֮סҪٳԡ
ҲΪ⾭÷֮󣬱÷ǳ͵ǳ֮÷ԭĻ֮ϣһЩ΢ϴЧڵʣԽ΢ϴ
ֻЧǿΪ÷̺ǳ̫֮Ǵķá
÷ЧѾ൱ˣ꾳ߣҲ˴ķãҲᱻ÷̺֮ŵģ񾳽ϵĸ֣ϴЧЩ΢ȫиõİ취Ŀǰ÷ЧЩߡ
ǳ֮úܶ࣬񾳽ϵĸ˵ҲԽ֮ռá
Īӳ÷ζȻԼĵǡ
Ƿһö÷̺֮ǹ£תȵ˫۵ʱΪѾﵽڶ壬һ꾳ˡ
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绹Ƿȱһۣʱûа취ɱ䣬ٳһö÷ѽЧֻԼԳš
ĪӿϾı飬ЩȤƽǳĹɶ£ԸȴЩ̫ĬˣȻԼµЩ꣬ԸѾ˲٣ָɾʵЦݽĶϱôʱ򻹴ûС
ӣɶµȻãӦҲһݵ̵ӵȤ
ھ˺һ֮ҧժһö÷ȻҲһھͽԵֳСеһ飬ְСһСƿװ
ΪĪӵһĨЦ⣬һȤζ
ԭ÷֮ĪӾʹ㽫÷ժ´ãΪһȤĪЩ÷ֳ˼졣
ÿ֮ʱΪ˱Ƕ˹㣬̲סҪǱ߿۵ǣĪСȤζõ˼㡣
ڼ֮ϵ÷ȫժ£Ȼã͵ĪӵǰҲĪССĶȤζˡ
÷֮󲻾ã½һЩɽݷãй۵ˣĿҪȡһЩ÷ĪӾãӦûһĿġ
Դ÷֮ĪӻûϹɽڼҲûκһѰ񣬱ϾһССӰأôа֮Ҫ
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йˣĪҲûڵģֱӴ󷽷ĽɽⱾͲʲô˵Ķ֮˿ᣬҲרΪ֮׼ġ
û뵽С£ȻԪáɽϣĪӺԪԶǣмй۵ĵӡ
֮ܣϵҲֻԼˣö÷˳Ҳϣ͵۵һƽӸһ۵֮ˣҲֻ뵽ˡԪЦһڲ衣
Ԫˣһ񾳽ʿܺ͵һ£Ȼ֮áĪҲ˵
ѪҹʱിֻཻǸʱԼӸͷ˵ݣƾսŻЩֵͬ
ԪĪȻѾû˶ٹǣϾһͷ˵ݣ·ϵߣٻҪһ𾴡
ֶΣ˵ǫˣܹ뵥һϣѲߣϵԶԶ磬̡ԪĿɨһΧȻɫǳĶĪ˵
⻰ǷԷθûһ˿٣Ѿ˺ܾõԪԸҲǼʶ㣬߹ٵĵطҲٵӢܣƾһ֮һ۽ӣһ¡
ԪҲĪƵˣȻûĪôҲѾһСŵĿ֮档
ǰĪӣԪоԼڼ֤һµĿ֮
Ԫһй۵֮Īһ΢Щĵˡ
ԭĪЩģԼΪԽԽߣ÷ԽԽǿй۵ļɵš֮˺˯˼Լ⡣
ںԪĪӷģй۶Լ̬ȣȻĽãûΪ÷۱ԽԽãʲô⡣
й۵뿪֮һЩݷãҲҪȡö÷εĿʵ÷ҪĪһ¹ϵġ
ֻĪö÷дԷ֮λһöʱһվ
ֻ͵һ¹ϵȴʳ˵ʵѳܣٴŵˡһ˵꣬͹һ֮뿪
λ˼ǣԭɽֻһ¹ϵȴĪռ˱ˣԼЩܲҲԸռıˣ뿪
鴫ӰԭһЩɽݷõˣȫϨɽݷõ˼Ī徲˲١֮󣬾ټѧҲĪӣ÷ЧǰøˣĪÿΪ˻Ϣ֧÷һЩ
Ī˽⵽Ӱصʼǰټ֮е¼ҵĵӣΪ¼ҶڵеҪʵ̫ߣղת˺ļңϣԷĻǲġ
ҲΪ£ĪӶλһЩøС
ȥʱתת֮һĩǱһ֮Уսƺ˽ţûʲôµĽݱأҲƺûǰôˡ
عһ£ĪӵΪһЩԴİ£ڴﵽ񾳽ڡ
ԭĪƻʱ䣬ΪܹһΪԼĪ΢һԼǰһ


ڶٶʮ 
Ȼ΢һ㰡ΪͻƵ񾳽ڣĪӽһܹоͻƣԼ΢һӰ졣
Ӱ첢̫ҪֻҪһЩʱȥĥĪ㹻ʱĥĹ̡
ںɽ¿ٵıչؾ֮УĪȡһƿƵеţȻʣµĵҩԼǰ
ƵĪϱƽƵС
ĪҪԼطһҪֳһ񣬱ضˣ޲˵ĵҩǱر֮
Ƶͨ븹УĪӺܿ͸о͵ҩһϢ˲˸оһ
һĪӱ˫ۣʼתڵͬʱʼطĵһԼһ
ΪһĪԭѾϵɱնʱ˻רžΪһ̡
һɱ֮Ī񴦳֣ڳֵĵһʱ䣬ͶĪӵն£滮Īӣһ˲һſŶĺδĶͷ䣬ھҵʹ֮£ĪüͷѾ𣬴ϵɫͿԿž޴ʹࡣ
Ī뵽һʹ飬Ҳгʹ׼û뵽ʹôǿңʹĸоĪӳˣ˺񵽵׻жʹࡣ
ǰµƵʱ򷢻˲ЧЩ΢һЩʹĸо
ĪҧأʼٿԼѳһ˿ں֮ڵ֮С
Ϊһ裬ĪӲο˶طûѪĺĵĪӾ˼·Ҳûа취ôͽ䵽ʵ
ڻƶ֮ʱĪɱսҲΪµطһ֣۳ɵɱ֮Ͷ뵽˵¯С
Īֹͣ˲ʹıҲĻˣϵϢʼϵ
Ҳ֪˶ãĪϵϢĹƽȣֱȶʱĪŻ˫ۡ
ɹˣ˫һ˲䣬ĪӵһĨϲɫԼһҲҪһ
ĪӸоԼ΢ЩʹʹУܹĸоֻʹĳ̶Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ȫĪӵĳܷΧ֮ˡ
΢оһԼΪΪĪӵΪ΢ܵһЩӰ죬˲һЩ
ͻֳ֮ĥһЩʱ䣬·һ˿񣬻ҵΪ񾳽ڣӦԼڵĪ΢Щҵ
ǰƵƿӣĪӽʣµƵȫ£Ȼ˴״̬޲Լơ
֮ĪƵҩЧоеʹּһЩɫЩ԰ףѾûʲôˡ
֮Уƣһֱңȵƻָһ죬̤봿֮աǹʹУĪվ뿪˱չصľҡ
ϵʹУĪӲûа취
Ϊһ׼ϵˣĪҪһֱţֱƳɹ֮֮ˣǳں鱦
Ƶʱ䲻֪ж೤ڼ䣬ĪɿֻҪȱĪӾûͻƵĿܡ
Ϊ񵽴һҪܹݻһ㴿Ӷ봿֮
ĪΪԼܹں鱦ͲԼϵ˻ָҪ˿ڣһֱʹֱԼɹ֮ʱ
ĪӲ֪ɹҪãݻٶ˵Բһ̵ܶʱ䣬ҲҪ깦á
ȳɹ֮棬ĪӾһжֵõġ
뿪չؾ֮ĪӷԼڱչؾ֮Ѿȥ˺ü졣
üʱ䣬ÿ쿴ĪӲ԰׵ɫ΢Щģһֱ˰֮ĪɫĻָŷ
÷µϣĪֵʳָؽڣߵԼüģַĪӸоԼϵʹ΢һЩ
ϵʹһֱŵģʱ䣬ĪѾӦʹܹ
ǶֳϵʹʵҲһĥ
ҶٻһЩӰ찡һߵԼüģĪ
Ӧʹһʱ䣬ĪҲоԼһЩӰ졣
ʱĪӾԼԽԽǣϵĲԽԽСѲʲô󱯴ϲ֮С
Ȼǲ˵ϲֻԭƵЩѣͱ˵һ飬ԭܹʮֵϲøУֻʣһˡ
ߵĲӰĪҲ⣬ߵƹ̣ӰҲ
ĪʵĵԼһ־״̬κεһ顣
ȻһЩӰ죬Ӱ첢̫󣬻ĪӵĽܷΧ֮ڣ֮߳ǰĪӻҪ״ֺ̬ܳʱ䡣
Ǿܵļӿһ̰ɣ
ͷǹ÷Īͣ˼ߵüĵĶվȻתɽ£½Ĳ
߽֮УĪĿ䵽ЩټҾ䣬Щܷ鼮ϣгһʫһϸƷ
΢Դ壬·ϵߣԼ򵽵Ĳƫ룬΢Щ
ټҵľ䣬Щʫʸ踳顢μ֮鼮ȴ̺УƷЩ鼮˵Ƚ˼ұȽ˼ϵĹߵʱͬ
ĪھǴͨƷЩ鼮Լ˼ĹӶγɵĹ̡
Դ֮ɽĲ˳е󷨵ļӳ֮£Чøǿˡ
ԭĪӴһЩĿԵĶ飬ڲ֮дһ֮ĪӽУеⱾʫ֮еÿһʫһЩ˼ϵĹ
ʫֱ׳·ĪѪҹصս鿪ʼüɽˮʫΨһؾɫ֮д쾡£нɽˮһЩĪӸоЩûǰ˵
һͨͨʫĪӿĺϸϸƷʫеĸ飬ҲƺһЩջ
ڽ֮УĪÿ֮󣬾ͻ֮УȥЩټҾ䣬ʫʸ踳֮鼮
кܶʵĪǰڻعͷٿܴѧµĶ
ƽ״̬Уʱһתֹȥ˼£һݴţ΢Īӵƽ
ڣġĪ뿪Ѫҹصʱ򣬰ذԼƵķ£ѾˣĪȥȡ
ȥһˣ


ڶٶʮ ˳Ե
ݣĪʵһ㶼İڵǰѪҹصʱĪ·ݡ
Īӵʱڷϸ·ľ£ӡȽģɽɽһ￴Ѽݵĸо
ʵҲȷˣݶɽһɽᴩȫﶼƣ۵ɽɽľɫݵҲ˶á
ݵݲԶΪҲǰŵģݵĺܶСԣĺöᾭݵĸУ˵Īƽ⣬ΪСԣܵ徳طǵϲ
ݶɽҶʯɽԿֲطǳ٣ݾڣаտֵΪݵ鸮ս߽粻ԶһһСӰڻǰУдǸСӰڽݵһЩ
һһСӰȻĪӺˡ
ݣĪҪΪȥȡԼķ£ݴʱ䲢̫뵽ӰѾܾûгˣĪӾͰһ˳
ڵΪѾĶ壬һ꾳磬꽫ᾭһɱ䣬Ĵ߿ҲЩ
ӰǱߣɽ󷨿ԪҲûа취ȥ˾͸˵ˡ
ĸǱߣĪӰй۵ĵ΢һ£Ӱصƽﲻʲô⣬˵һ˳ʱֲܹܿȥġ
ĪӵĽ⣬ĵ˵ͷȻ΢ЩɻʵʦǴ˲ֵأƽʲô
Īӿһۣһ߼ǰߣһ߿ڽ͵ˣӦ֮һȻɽֲ࣬طǳ٣һˮһˣ˶ǿɽɽ
Щɽ֮УĲҩϡɽԼٵҰޣժɽߴԣݰյ棬żвҩɵһЩҩǾͿԱ֤ںܳʱʳǡ
˿ɽɽ֮⣬Ϊϡ٣ݰı·ĹУ˺ܶˣʳסи棬ȻͰټѧɵЩܱȣͨ˵ȴѾ㹻ˣЩֹ˵ĴڣݰգĹŸ
ĪӵĽͣǵ˵ͷݰġ
Ѿ鸮ľڣҲ̫ԶĪҲôŸڣһ·ߵҲ죬ʲôʵǽһ¡
ȻкܶණĪҲǵһμЩɲǰ׿ģһЩܸط顢ķμǵ鼮֮УĪӶԸطʲôһЩ˽⡣
֮ĪӴɽһɽ壬ɽɽȥȫľɫ
ⲢΪɽжߣΪɽֵһȻľһڡ
Ī֮ɽǰפ㣬ѾڣҲǱǰɽĪפģɽϰɽһˡ
û뵽ɽҰ룬ȻĪĿɽûڣƾĪӵԿڰɽһ͹ʯͷϣһԼĪʮϥ˫Ŀգɽ˿˿ƵһһӹǸ߻ۡ
ʦûпɽǸֻ꣬ǷĪפ㲻ǰɵûͷһۡ
ɽΪʦ΢ػһ£ҲһԵĪڽ͵
ʽ̤֮;ĪԸ΢ͣһ£ػԷܴţ΢һԵ
ĪӵѣҲܿͷˣɽĿꡣ
ʱΧɽľ£֮࣬ʱ΢ֳһЩһЩɽҰޡ
һֻӦԭɽϵҰޣΪ˹Īֵһ⣬ʮ֮γһɫĹ֣걣УȻֻҰޡ
ԼһʱңߵɢϵϢ˺ܶ࣬Ȼڡ
۽΢ϾҪѹĪŲ׼·ˣûҪк뷨
ԼʮɹӦòĪԵҪԵȴһҪͶԷкʱһӳ񣬿ܸӻġ
ϵǸ˫ۣϲ̾ͿԼǰɫĹ֣˲һ
һ̣ɫĹֺȻʧ
΢΢һ£ȻٵķӦ˹ԼͻȻ֮ɽҰ֮Ӧĳλ·ǰˣ˳ֱһԼ
վΧȥ뿴ػԼǰ˻ڲԼߣĿѰһ£ܿͿɽһһСӰ
ѵλػҵǰˣҲ̫˰ɣɽµĪӺǣоԼ࣬һܱԼСҲ΢Щȷ
ʱ꿴ɽӰ֮У΢һЩŅ̀ͷƺڶԼЦͬʱӴԷĿ⣬ֻûһƺԼ˶͸ˣɵ˰벽
һλˣΪܴܿﵽ񾳽硣벽Ҳ̷Ӧ֪ĪӾԼҵĸˡ
ĿٴɽµʱȴһһСӰѾ뿪˸ղŵλãɽһȥ
ڣлǰػ֮ڿԶȥӰĺһ䡣
ĪŲȻûͣ£ȴ΢һЩ
·˳ֽԵҲʲôرҲϣԷһֵðˣ֮ܵһлĻ
ĪûлͷߵȴǻͷһۣܿҲתͷᡣ
ֻĪ·һСڹȥ֮ĪҲûٷϡ
һ֮ĪӴǷɽɽһפء
֮Īſڵĵͨһûþͼӭ˳
ĪѣòˡվſڵĪӺǣһЦſ˵
һ꣬ȷжʱ䲻ˡĪҲЦŻ
ຮһ£ؿĪߵǣһ´ţһ߿˵λǵѵĸɣͣΪѾ۷壬Ȼʦͽ
ѿ佱ˣСͽǣȷмʣδ˳档Īӻߵ˵ͷȻһߵǡ
ǰҲɵΪһ
˵֮䣬شĪӽڣո̤ɽŵһ̣ĪӱǼᵽһĨǲʲô֮Щڻ㣬ģȴŮϵ
ĿΧɨһƬɫʻвٵķᣬҲȫʻĴӵ֮С
ĪѵķѾˣãѿȥ˳Ʒһеİٻ裬ɣؿĪӺǣЦ


ڶʮ 
һóƷµţҪŮΪеӵ࣬ĪӺǸصߣһ·صľȥĿɨԵľｨŮԵ
ɫ컨涷ޣӵľŵĸֽȫһƬİΧ֮УԿЩ䶼Ǿ˾ĴģƷɫ棬һĸйܡ
һߣһĪӽһԵЩĹãһЩȽĻݣʱʱĻһЩཿŮӴ·ȫĴк
ǺᣬĪһ𣡡صĴ£ĪӺһȽĵĵطЦŶĪ˵
ĪǰһǳµķᣬûнԺڣܹԺ֮Уһмʮ׸ߵĴ֦ҶïϹ˰ɫСïܵڣԺӶڵš
صѵľȻ£ǼᵽһĨĵĻ㣬Īӿǰķᣬڳһ䡣
Īѹˡһ˵һߴĪɺ߽ľ֮УĲҲǳţûʲôװΣֻԺӵĽ׺һЩݡ
Īע⵽صԺڷ̨ԼףԼһҵĹŹַӦһϾȻһЩƣ֪Ǹʲôõġ
ע⵽ĪӵԺзϣһĪӺԺ£һӣһײ֣߳ʼһ裬һ߿ڽ͵
֯ƻרطʹã֯Ƴ˿ɽ֮ҲûʲôôƽҾͽڷĪѳһڵİٻ裡
˵꣬ˮŵĪӺǵǰ
ԭ֯ƻصĽͣĪҲԼһμ֮Уй֯ƻ
һЧΪķһָԵķܹط˿ɽ֮ƵķܹڶŮӵ֮⣬֯ƻҲǷֲġ
ǰİٻ裬ˮɫֵɫлƮżƬ꣬һɻ֮ζ˱Ƕ
һڣĪӾ͸оһŨҴζԼ⻯˵ĸо·ڻ֮УΧƢ
ͬʱһ͵Ӹ𣬻ĸĪʱ̴ʹ࣬Ҳƺһ΢һЩᡣ
һٻ裬ȻĪӽеĲ豭£ȻԵĿڳ޵
ְٻĿڸкͨĲˮྶͥǳȶ¸ʺŮ޵ĿڸУȻⱾҲһȺŮ޸ġ
òϣٻЧǳŨζȫʻ˴˵Ƴζ֮ǹ߱Ч޸İЧ
ٻЧȻܹҵ֮ˣ𵽻ЧǲͷĪ׼֮ǰؽһЩٻȥ
ʵĪãٻĹЧӦøʺЩ޸֡
һߺŰٻ裬ĪӺһ߽˴ѪҹһҲнδʱͨ˵Ѿˣ˵ȴҲǵָһӼѡ
˻ཻһЩԻľڼ䲻˵ѪҹصʱһЩ£ջ⻹ǲɱתϣ˽ڵһЩĵá
λĪѣȻ׿Ż̶ʱ䣬Ϊһﵽ񾳽ڣҶڵҲӾˡһߺĪӽ۵һ߰ľ
ⲻ֪ʱĪҲЩȣѪҹصʱػʱ䣬Ҳͬɳ˲٣ڵʶ˵Ѫҹؽ֮ʱʶ˲١
Ȼսĥڸ˵ĳɳǷǳаģˣصˡ
˽̸˺һӣԽԽͶ룬ǹԹԵһһԲô˵ۣȻʱ
һֱȵ̫бۿɫѾˣʱĪӺŽ۵εĽ÷ǳ⡣
һ꣬ĪΪиӾˡ
صˣ
˵仰ĪӺһЦ
ʱ䲻磬¡߽䣬ܿ˳һľƵĺӣŵĪӵǰ
ǵҰæƷ£ǵѵƤһЩƶɣһƳɾż뿴һ˵ţشǰĺӡ¶ķ¡
ĪӴӺȡһ£ϸĹۿ
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µһ̣ĪӾ͸о⼸ʸзǳ֮ǰƤֲִڵʸȫͬ
ϸĹ۲һ£Īӷڷν֮Ҳκ߷ĺۼѾµ˼㡣
ż°Ʒ˵ֻƷķ˵ߣֻһơ
ֽ֮ϺƵķ£ٻ˰ĽƼãֻᱣ֤ʣҪĽƣҪµӵоˡ
Īеż£ֻҪǺҵļⲻõģµĲȫгɳĿԡ
Ƶķ¹Ȼ鴫صѷˡеķ·£Īǳ⣬żµƷ࣬Ѿ΢ڴֵ
ͺáĪӵĳޣҲЦŵͷ
Īӵż£ҲǻһЩ˼ģϾĪӲ£ǱҲսϵĽ飬Լһĵõ˿϶ҲǳĲ
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û취ĪӾѵ壬һЩ÷ʾԼ÷ز徳ֻһң͸ѳġ
÷صûоܾڳһ֮󣬶÷ζҲΪϲĪӵ÷֮Ի壬ĪһЩٻ衣
ãҲÿڽˣֱӾõˡͷĪҲûƴǣŷºͰٻ裬һߵȴõǣ׼뿪ˣȻ͡
Īص֮£ո뿪صľڵһߣҲм׼뿪
Ϲӵķ£Ͱйˣܹġ˵һǳŮӣ̬ׯ󷽣һɸ߹ʡ
ģ֮ڣϹķ£һܹʱɡŮ͵ģڵеλ֮һصʦͬһλǳʺطǳӽŮޡ
شĪӣϹˣ˶ȥʱҲ࣬Ҳǡڼ뿪ڵʱˡ
ʦ㡣׼뿪Ĵ˸кȻߵĪӽܵ
ĪѣʦҲڵţʦ㣬λϴκ˵Īӵѡ
ظս꣬ĪҪڣĿ˶ļˣȴһйһ֮ԵӰɵ΢΢һ
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ڶʮһ Ҳʶ
ĪʦôѪҹع֮󣬾˵ѵ飬޵ţҲпˣڵѵǰЩˣĪ֡ĪӶ΢΢һȴһˡ
ڽɢ޸֣ڴ˽ϣڵν൱ϵǡô
ĻĪҲѸٵķӦٵĽջأȻ΢΢һ˵
ˣԭ鷳ڣ֮˵
˵仰ʱĪӲԾİһֵעŵǵϣͬʱҲעŶߵŮӡ
ߵŮӣǺ͹һĪڲݺͶԷйһ֮ԵҹǰеʱͶԷģʱԷڹеߣɲŮòֻû뵽죬ȻԷ
ĪעǵʱҲͬϳĪӣߵļ䶼ǳãĪӱҲһӡˡ
Ī֮Ҳֻһ֮Եһ·ϲϳĪӣʵҲûκ⡣
Ŀ䵽Īǵʱһ˲䣬ͫһɫ䡣
ĪͬʱҲע⵽Լߵǣһ̣ûгֵı˸УȻ³ˣĿĹ⿴ϵɫҲЩ㶡
ͻȻı仯ڵ̱ˣĿĪʦͽߵɨһȦȻһЩ̽ԵĿڵ
Īǰǲʶ
йһ֮Ե̸ʶֻ֣Ƕľӡ̣û뵽Ȼһ֮ʧĪӲǵķӦ֪ԼЩĵ黹Ƿˡ
Ȼ鷢ˣĪҲ֮ˣηչ±ǣԼĵӣҪԼӲģȹԼء
ԭˣϹòȷ˾̾Īô˵ûϼȥҲоƺЩӣȫϽȥ
ĪҲͬڣҪҸĵط̽һڵ
ɫѾˣصãҲøˣʹ˱պصݣ뵽÷ʱضһ֮ˡĪӿڸǵ
лѣպлᣬضǰȥšԣ̿˵
Ǿ͸ˣ
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Ī˵꣬ץסһǵļȻ뿪ڣԶȥ
նţҲˣĪ뿪Ҳ̶
ǾͲˣЦͷ߼뿪б⡣
ʦ㣬ƺĪѵķȥˣ᲻ᡭؿ뿪ķüͷ΢΢һ£֮΢һ˿ĵ˵
ʦòصģӦòʲô飬λĪ˵Ǳ£˫ʲôͻĽҲƽµģڶԸѵĳͻһ̬ȣʦûǲҪȥˡأת˵֮΢һ˿֮⡣
ĪӴ˿̴ǣ뿪ںûãֱʩչ˶ݷɿݶȥ
ĪӴһеǣ뿪֮ûãֱ˵ĸоʧˣ̬ҲָĪ΢һЩ
ղǵı֣ҲĪ϶һ飬ǾԼλҶԶԷкӡʧȥ˼䣬ڼԷĵһʱ̣ҲһЩӦ
ߣĪЩ£ȴͻأĴһöĪüͷ̾һ塣
Ȼ׷ˣ˲䣬ĪͲԼݹڿٶٶȱԼҪһЩ
ĪʵǼǵҪи˶ϣʱȻڣ˼ҶѾ׷ٶȻԼһЩĪ㶼㲻ˡ
һĪӴǽ䵽һɽɽͷϣŽ½ӰĪӳڵԭ֪סкָ̣
˵ʱĪҲͬڴŶˣһ֣񾳽磬ãӦܹԸˡ
ĪðסѯĪ˵ȴԾ䵽Īߵϡ
ŶҪʲôֱ԰ɣ»ҪȥܵϵΡĪע⵽ߣ˵
ʵѣԵģ⣬ĵӣȻǵϣĿʵ
ҵĵӡĪһߴ𻰣ҲٴעǵΪֱ˵ĸоһǵϳ֡
֪ĪںʱΪͽʵ
Ӱҵ£Ѿȥ꣬Щʲô˼ѵʶӣ˵Īֱӷʵ
⣬ǣֻǵӣǰһλѵĵӺƣλѵֽԬҲסݣ֪ĪʶãĪӵ⣬̧һѾȥˡ
ԬǰʦǰӸԬһӵϢҲûж֪
˵Ԭһʶڼ֮ǰԬô궼δ飬Ҳ֪ôˡԬĵӺҵĵƣʲô⣬ֵ׷ѯʣĪѾ˶ֵ׼ںܵǵ˵ԽԽˡ
ĪӵĻĪӵߣ鿴Щ㶵ǣķǳìܡͻȻٴμǣҲЩң֪Լôȴûס׷˹
Ϊ뿪֮ԼҲˣΪʱǵӡ
ûиѾǰʲôֻϣӣƽƽϢȥҲЩ䡣
û뵽ٴμǣ֮
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һĪĵӣλѵĵӣĪи㣬ҰѹѵĵӴȥúõĿ˵Ȼɷǳӣ֪ôǣȰǴȥӦûд
ǲڸҿЦĪЩ䡣
Īи㣬ڱк񱨣ڵ
һ䣬ͻȻοٵһʧԭأղվĵطɽͷ֮һĨɫĹâֱӾͽɽͷ顣
޳ܣȻ͵ϮһĻһ񾳽ĸ̴ǳͬʱ齣ֱӾĪӴȥ
Ҳ֪˭޳ܣҵĵӣȿûǸĪվԭûжղŷɳȥǵɫĹâµɶأ齣ɣֻīȣĪӵС
ĪĲԸҹѵĵӽֻеˡ֮УƮƮȻӣ֮Ҳһ˿
ĪҪػǵȴ
Ҳʶ㣬Ҫʦ


ڶʮ 
Ҳʶ㣬Ҫʦ
Īǵ˲䣬Īǲ΢΢Ĺ𣬻ͷһǣֱ˵ĸоȻڣȴǸղִɵɵ״̬ˡ
ĿתصϣĪע⵽仰ʱɫ΢΢һ仯ƺ΢һ£˫ЩȻ̧̧
˰ɣҵĵӲʶ㣬ԣ벻Ҫȡ֡Īеīڵһ㣬Ŀ˵
λһͬ񾳽֣ĪӴЩҵĻͬʱһȣٿŸղűĪӴɳȥ齣ûӰĪֶ

ŷϢĽӰֶĪӵһеīһ⻪Īӷǰһӡ
ײͬһʱ𣬰ŵ齣ٴαɳȥеһ΢һЩ齣Ѿһ֮Щ
λ񾳽ĸּ״ɫ̱ЩͬΪ񾳽Ϊ͸ղĪӱֳսѾ֮ˣڶǰɢޣû˰С֮ġ
ͬʱ˲һƬٵΧĪڡ
ڽӴЩһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸оһԻõͼԼԺǰ΢һЩþ
ɲĪʶ֮е첻⣬Īڵ״̬ͨĻĪӵҲĴۿۡ
ĪӿԲӰ죬ȴУ񾳽ֵĹڵΪס
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ǰһץĪĳһΧЩƵһ˲ͱĪģĪӵ֮зٵĻΪһˮţֻ꣬ǰȥ
ǰȥһƬ꣬Ī⽫Ҳ˹ΧڣҪվҪƾʵֱӶֵˡ
Լ꣬Ųæһ
ķţ
һ˲䣬һתаţ˵ǰһգţղűɽȥ꣬Ǹתֱ֮˳ֻĿ껻ĪӺǡ
ֽЩ굲סĪеīڵһ㣬һȦīȵĵطɢĪ·ɽһɫĹΡ
ɫεУһÿôѸٵĳ֣ɽ塣
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Īмһӡֱʩչ˲ľԱĵ
µСɽ΢ĲţɽиոճֵĴһȫľһ˫۾һÿôɳŵ棬˳
˿һĻɫû˿仯ΪЩȻ٣ÿһϵϢҲ磬ȫΪ塣
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ڼȻѾˣǲһҪǴȥģڴȥ֮ôǾ֮ˡ
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ŵ˲٣Ľ࣬ٻ˶кü٣ĵֻĪҡ
һĪӲЩ񾳽ĸΧ£ȥڿ񾳽ֵĹУЩվķλϵĵţȫǰĳ󷨵ķλվġ
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ɵ󷨣ֻ򵥵󷨣͵ĪӲõԻ࣬ҲֻʱĲס񾳽ĸ֣Īӿרĺ֡
һλĸ֣ܹΪһ֮ʵ϶ͬһ㣬ĪҲдڲס񾳽ĸ֮Īӱȳˡ
ָһ㾧ӨˮεĪӳֱˮеīǰһ˦һɫĹâдһɽ֮ȥ
ĪӵĹΧһɫ˿һһ㣬ΧתһȦ֮ӭĪӵĹ
˿ϵģһξӨˮˮ䵽˿ϵһ˲䣬ˮ̺֮Ŀǳ֮˲䱬˳·Ҫɫ˿ֱ˺Ƭ
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ĪӴѪĺѧһطЧߵսЩƣߵͨԵ˷һȴûսôǿ
ҲǡѪ¼УΪط֮һѪĺطȴôߣΪûдﵽԤڣƵǰ˴ˡ
ټߵֶΣѡһʵʱ˵Ҳܴ벻Ч
ĪѪҹؼµҹԾսɲǰ׳ģطʱǡô
ĪӵΪһеĶ΢΢һ£ô΢΢һٵĹīȾѾǰ
Ͼһλһ֮ΪĪӸһ磬ҲĪۺ˺ܶ࣬ۿīȾҪ䵽ϵʱԺһͻȻһ⣬һɫĹڣīȵס
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Сͨ
Сͨ˲䣬һξӨˮһѺ齣ֱӴĲ
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ĪеϧʱȴֻʣľղԼӦ죬ӭԼľһĹ
ĪѪҹҹѧս飬ǶԵһҪȫԸ飬ĺԤ⣬ԷǿֶΡ
һУĪȻпϧҲ˵÷ǳ˲仯һ⣬ץǱɽϵǣ䵽ǧ֮⡣
һĻ֤ĪӹϺ˵൱ǡ
ֻһȦ׹˲䱬Χҵ򣬸ղŵɽ壬ڹâֵķΧڡ
׹ֻһţ׹֮ĪӸղվɽ壬ѾŰ׹ʧһͬʧˡ
ԹԣǱʲôڽְҲ̫˰ɣɽûˣвУһüԶһ㣬һңҲŸǶԶһȽϺáĪӺֵĵطʮɽ֮⣬һվһɽϿ˽ֵķϴľ֮̾ɫ


ڶʮ ȥΪʦ
ĪĻӦܹϵóʮɽ֮֮꣬ǰ˳ֽһԵˣǸڵꡣ
ʱĪҲûǸȥעĪȫľڶϡ
Ѿ˪һžϣ֮ɫ
ΪҪĪӸ߳һ󾳽磬˴֮Ĳఴ˵Ǻܴģղһ֣Īӵг˴ԼӦѸ٣¾ĪӵҲЩŭˡ
ͬģĪӵҲֱĪӵķᵽֵͬĲΡ
һ޴ˣͨղźĪӵĽ֣Ѿףսľ飬ԼӦñȲĪӣԼľȴĪӸߣȫﳤ̡ܶ
ƻ⣡ӡǰ۳һɫĹâĪȥ
ԼİɫâĪһ㶼ûҪӲӵĴ㣬ΪɫâղѾʶˣâ֮һɽ֮ͻΪޡ
ǷŵԶսĵطĪοٵƶţͬʱָٴεһˮһɫâײһ
ˮĹײһ𣬱˴֮һݵŤˮһſ񱩵ǳ֮ͰɫâһڿΡ
ᣬĪһЩоһ̷ԼСͨ
Сͨˮľ廪
һӰĪɢ˲˷ԲǧףһСƬ͸ĻŹӰһ֣ͬ֯һƬľۡ
Ƭľ۳ֵɲǣĪӵӰȻʧһϢû¡
û뵽һɢޣȻôѲĪӵӰʧһͬʱа
תһֲɽָٵǰȻͿһѾԼǰ֮
ƻ⣬ȥĵһʱ䣬û˿ԥӡһɫâۣ˲ǵȥ
ֵһ˲䣬ָоϤļ£ٵתҪ󷢳һתһɲǣһ˫֮УֻһŵɫˮΣ䵽ϡ
һССĵɫˮΣоȻһ˿־壬ɱԼŻһ
εɫˮεһ̣оһɴݵĺ⣬·𿴵޾ǿգ֮ǳԼӿȻһſǳԼǰ
Īһٴ˵߰׿⣬ǹˮĪʮġ
һȦϽɫĹʱĪĶҡˡ
һ֮⡭ϽɫĹâ֮УǹˮȻˣĪҲֻܸ̾ԷϾȻôౣ֮ҲӼĪӵɱ⡣
ܵסһǹˮҾͲܹסʮΣࡣ
ŻϽɫâ֮еĪٴεһˮֲΪָָһɫĹâۣ΢Ҫһη
ȻĪӵȥһˮûнӴͿϽɫĹâһӰȻ˲ʧˣһˮĹҲȻˣ䵽˵棬񱩵ǳ֮ڵϿһֱʮ׵Ĵӡ
ˣĪӿʧоͺԼ߬ȭͷ˿ϣָ۵һǹˮѾͣȴʧˡ
ĿһתĪӿ˺һͬ񾳽֣ɵ󷨵£λ񾳽ֻںЩҲˡ
񾳽ĸֺǰǰȻʣûüһµʱĪӵӰ̳һ˵ǰһɫâָ˶Էüġ
ûκζķӦĪָеǸ񾳽ĸ֣˲һվԭأһ˫֮ͫɫĹâȻͳ׵ʧȥ
һ񾳽ĸּ״ҲǷǳĹ˲ڿն𣬻һݹͼ롣
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һԶīȣϻŵһ˿̧־ͽī˳ȥ
Īλһ⣬Ҳڿն׷Ǹͼߵ񾳽֡
īȴɫĹâٶȷɿĻǸߵ񾳽ֵĶݹ⣬ԷϾ񾳽֣Ȼڻҵ룬īһ£ȴҲǽīȵ˻ȥûбһˡ
ôһµĹĪӵӰѾߣֵĿ֮УĪɫĽһεɫǹˮϡ
֮ǰһλ񾳽ֵ³һҲͬûʲôأ˫ĿһĨϹֱ֮Ӵյȥ
ĪҲһͬ䣬񾳽ֵʬȡĴ﷨Ȼ·һСӣ񾳽ֵʬ׼ȷ˿ڡ
䵽ϣĪĿŲԶһôĺ濴һۣһˣӦԷΪֻǸոѣĪҲûᡣ
һ֮䣬ĪӸղŻǸСϣ̸һһľѸٵգ۵ĹѾΧ޶£ȫﾹȻһλ֡
»һݹ⣬ĪŸղŵĵطȥȥһֵʬ塣
ȵĪ뿪֮󣬶ڴڻĴӴ̽ԴһѾݵĵطȻֿĪŲԶµĶݹ⣬ϴž֮ɫȴ
ԹԣԭλǰֶҲ̫ˣڿһôһ֪Ǹݽɫ䣬ȻƺоûΣˣ˸ղλ񾳽ֵĵطýᲦ˲ĲľȻĵ
û뵽λǰ˹˹ģ˸оͦ۸ģȴ㶼飬ѵǸ˵ķ緶Ҳ֪λǰûϳңӦϳ˰ɣղҲŹҡ
˵ͻȻðһ뷨Щ񣬳ɹĿҲ󣬵ȴǳĶ
ҪܰλǰΪʦǽ˭۸ң
ͷڵ𣬾賤Ұһ㣬һӾЩֹסˡ
ҲҪʦƾҵʣûлЩţݵЩСȥҲһʶϵó鱦λǰػ֮ҪͱλǰɡĦûκκӵ°ͣ΢Щ뵽ͬʱҲǸԼ
ôˣȥΪʦ
뷨öپûԥŸղĪµķȥԼٶȣԼһԼﶨµʦ͸÷ˡ
Īӻصղս֮һ񾳽ֵʬȡĴ﷨Ȼָ͸ղλ񾳽ʬһĴ
ѪҹصľĪӺһϰߣǾǸɵ֮һҪԷĴ﷨õ֣ô֪Է﷨֮еĶ׻ľϲ


ڶʮ Ƣ
񾳽ĸ֣ûҷ񣬶ϵĶĪҲûб̫ڴֵѪҹػĪӵ۹Ҳ˺ܶࡣ
ջĪӸûй˵ϿֱӾī滹һ˿ķҲһͬĪ
ǵߣĪӻѾԹȥǡ
ʦѹĵһʱ䣬ǰĪӣĿڽһ
оôĪӿǣֱ˵ĸоѾʧˣε飬ĪѾһ
Щ벻ļ䣬ƺԺ֮Уض˻Ҳд
ĪӵУǵѾ˺ܶ²⣬һֲ²⣬ϵҪ취պĳɳܻ᲻
ĪΨһĵӣҲпĪɫĵӣʣѾʧȥԣƾǳȵԸδɾҲض᲻ΪʦĪϣպĵ·ߵ΢˳һЩ
ûʲô£ʦĪӵѯʣҡҡͷش
λϹʲôӡ󣿡ǵĻĪӼʵ
ǼҡҡͷȻúС˵ңֻ֪ǿʱ򣬸оϤȻúܡ
Īüͷ΢ɲһ£ԼΪʦȻϵǳĹģǿǵӣĪȴ˵ʲô
ˣȱˣȻȥ֮һ£ʲôʱҰɡĪǵԴȻýΪ͵˵
⼸ʱ䣬Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ͷĶĪҲȥˡ
ܣҲͬ鷳ĪΪͽ֮ǰ׼ģֻ鷳Լеһ㡣
Īº͵Ļĵ˵ͷ̧ͷĪһۣ촽ţƺ˵Щʲôȴû˵ڡ
״ĪֻЦЦȻ׼ǻȥ
ԭĪӵļƻߣ·ϻԴǼһ£һЩʶڳСĪӾǾĸϻݣص÷ۣǺúõһ˼ԼҲҪһ룬ôϵ⡣
Ī׼ʩչ뿪ʱ򣬶ȴͻȻһ΢ЩعͷĿ
ʦʦһңԹԣ˼ңǧҪһҡ
ڲ߿ϢҲԽԽء
ʶٵɨĪѾˣǸղǸڴ棬ո꣬ͬʱĪҲϳȥڵ·ϣ˳ֽһԵˡ
ûãӰͳĪӵǰԼٶȣһ·Īӿ񱼹ġ
վԶĪӺǵʱ˫۲΢΢һＴǸˣͬʱҲЩ
̫ˣλǰȻûߣҿȥΪʦˡǣһô죬һղŻûɱְҸɵأԹԣλǰղڿʱĶûֿܰڿĪӺǣĪӸղĶʱһϰ¡
ò׶ѾܹˣʦľѾˣҲû˿ҪΪԼԼСһغˣԼҲˡ
뷨һҧһţ첽ܵĪӵǰֱӾ͹ȻһߵݵĴ
ڣĽǰˣĪΪɴֶΣԽǰݼǰΪͽ
ŹԼǰ꣬ĪüͷûмҪԼΪʦģ֮⣬ǰʦ˳ɫô
ǰ꣬Լʮ֮꣬ǰԼۼ㲻̫ãǰĳСȴ㹻ˣôͻȻԼΪʦ
˵ĪӾ΢һԷԸ񣬾ԲֺصӣӦЩͻˡ
Է϶ԷԸҲûĪӾﲻãҪնԷӵĻĪӾûЩ̫ʵġ
Щ΢ԼҪ󣬾ͶԷԸ񣬵÷ۣҲһܹ͵סį
ߣĪڴ̻÷ۣҲյӵʱ
Уڣ԰ɣĪӿŹǰʵ
ǵʦҽڣ֮ǰʦʵң֪ʦûӡ󡣡ԣ̧ͷϴһֺõЦ˵
Ҽǵ㣬վɣҲѧǳʦǰ׹򰡣վ˵Ī˵ţһһ͵ͽڷ
ʦⲻ˵Цıʵ̫ˣղ֪ں˭ֵʱԶԹԣһɽûˣʦӰɡԣһһ˵һ߾Ҫ¹
ˣԸҵĵӣƽﶼһɽСۿޣ궼ɽһΣҹԸӦ֮ܲࡣ
Ҳ㲻һݵСŰʦӦøʺ㣬ĵҲߵŸӵϣǲӦȥĵطĪӿŻҪڣҡҡͷ˵
Īô˵ڲûбȰҪĪΪʦˣͨⲢھãʱԽѵõĶԽǺö˵öǲʺԼأȵõ˵
ʦҪΪʦղŶ˵ˣɽ䣬ʦɽϣƽҲЩģҪΪӣԺ󲻾ֶ˸ѽֱӾͶԿŻûԼǽʦ֡
ڵı֣ĪҡҡͷԽԼΪͽˡ
ҾһɽС۵ɢޣƽﻹĵطҲûʲôرĴУҲȽΪʦٺһ㻹ǴͷɡĪٴȰ˵һ֮ҲûȤ˵ʲô
Ųڵһ̤ץһԵǣĪ㻯һ⣬ֱڿնֻ¼ƬɵҶƮ䣬Ȼܿɢ
ʦʦ˴ѽʦֱڿУĪȻܹ·ĺĪȴûжᣬʦ֮ǰѾˣֻһƤ΢һѡ
ǣĪӰطȥȴѾ˼ȵȥ֮ԼҪ顣
ûܹԷԷϳǣҪҵԼɽӦҲô鷳ҲӦԲߣڵȥ֮ҲҪЩ˼
ԹԵģΪͽ˵ôһѵĴɣһ϶ҪȥΪʦһȥˣݣһԼ𣿡ڿſʧ⣬ǹɾ󾢶һˣմĺ
Ҫ׷ȥҵĪӣȻĪԼΪͽ


ڶʮ Ůģ
һλԪˣȻı֮ﶼõˣһ֮пǰɫЩصʵ
ţеĻûлش𣬶ĿֱŹ˵
˵ôܻţˣĻüͷ΢΢һ£֪˵˭ҲЩʵ
ڹеѾһѾ˵ˣ״̬֮£ͨԪɣһܹȵ
οڵʱݣȥһԪɣܹôɺϵľǡ
ͻȻô˵ʶԺ֮뷨ǣǻһڣʶЩԡ
ƾģҲûܹȵǣ޸һЩơ
ʲô˼еĻžһ˿ãڹһɣЩˡ
ûʲôֻЩȶѣ벻һӦѾ˵ˣȻţôãҵһǿĿɽ㵱һ֮ʣһ鷳п˵
ڹңһ䡣
仰ɫҲڵҲڹ㣬ֻ㣬Ҫٱһ˿飬˼ȻţǾ;󻼽Ҷǰġ
˵еɫ΢΢һЩȻ˵ȻˣǾ˵˵ɣʲôطԵԪһλ
Ź΢һЩȴɫﲻ֪ΪʲôоЩӣһѾ䵭ӰӣһθС
ǽţԺ֮ȴðһ
Ҳʶ㡣
ĵףֹһ˿θУʱǸ˶˳Բ˵ġ
ģһҲʶˣΪӦò̫ߣֶҲЩİдһ˿ɵĿ˵
ܻŻ˵ԷȻԪɣΪӦòߣһǿ϶ģ˵˵ʲô𣿻ϸһֶΡԣʵ
ʹˮеһɫˮεֶΡ鸴ӵĽĪӵֶһ£˵֮΢΢죬Ҫнһ£ĪӲԪɣֻһ񾳽ʿ촽ţȴû˵ڡ
˽⹴УҪԼ˵Լһ񾳽ʿУһԼɫΪвϲһĸ֣򲻹һʿһ
ˣҲ̫ˣöѣȻݱ㷢ˣǾ˵ѾͷˣҺܿͻὫҳģһΪߵԪɣסпϵɫٴαЩοһ˵֮󣬹оʹ뿪ˡ
ʱҪйУԼǱһ񾳽ʿ˵ģȴͻȻðǾ仰Ҳʶ㡱Ϊ仰ԭѾߵĽֹͣʹıȥ
ȵ뿪һ֮Уһ˾﷢Ҳ֪ԼʲôԼѡ񣬵ٴμǣ֮ľʼЩʵ̬ȣЩˡ
ĪӺǱԭƻǰһЩصӰأһ·ɻҲû̫ʱ䣬ڻص÷֮˻üеڶΡ
Īӷ֣ڻص÷ۣһ֮˵״̬ȫָ糣ĪӣĪ¶һЩ֮ǰ
ǵ£Ī˽⵽һЩ顣
ϵԻ֮ǰǿҵı˸еʱÿôһʱ䣬оһɳʹ
ÿһʹֵʱǵԺ֮оͻḡֳһٻӰǳ߹󣬵оȴúԶǵٻӰ
ٴοʱָоַ·ʹıˣʶҲͬʱЩ㱣ǸʱŻֵô㶵ġ
ǸĪӵľЩĶ벻ˡ
վԼǰǣĪĿֿյۣ̾һҲûκѯʲô
óһڴķ£ݸǣȻ΢Ц˵ǰѾȥˣʱ벻ҲǿԼгһʱˣһȻܹġúȵǸʱûһе׼ΪʦҲϣһе
ĪѾǽһķŵҪ󣬵ȵǸȥһеʱܹã㲻߱ĪҲϣбԼ
ӹĪӸݸķ£֣صĵ˵ͷĪô꣬żҲɽȥѾǵ£ʲô̫ˡ
ԼϵȻҲͬûм䣬鷢ϣҲһЩо
лʦǶĪӸлȻеķ£ת˳ȥ
ȥıӰĪó˴֮еġѪ¼Щط֮Ѱûһ֣ܹϵ
Ѫ¼ȻǲȱطЩԵطܹṩĪһɹοĽ˼·
ʱ䣬ĪÿʱƽֳʵмĪһС¡
ͨټѧõļλٱϹǰйصϢ
֮ǰֱˣΪϹϹȻҲǰйء
ȻѾˣΪǿ΢鷳һ赶ɱˣĪӲʲô
˵ѾԷˣ飬ĪҲûʲôð취ֲɽĻҵֻ׼ȴǰǶԸǵʱ
ĪɽҲǰ裬Χһڲһʾ޴ֻҪĲԪɣĪӾãԼܹһµġ
ǰôӰټѧôϢʳѾʼ׼Ȼʼݱ֮󣬶Ա߹սӢ״뷷⣬ϵʳܷһģԻʳԴ˷ǳӣЩȴ뷷ĽʿļˣǶԴҲͬǳӡ
ʱУЩǰӦòôǵĳ£Ϊʱ£ֻڸٵĵ·ϱۡ
Īߣӹü򵥶ֳʵʱУһȴĴĴĪӵ䡣
˵ģֻһţĸû˵ģ˵ɢޣǾ͸ˣݣɢҲûмҲһˣɢˣΪֶθߣΪó˵ѾҪһǧˡһ¥֮Уʿһһڣһʿš
Ǿ͹˳ô𣿡ԷڸϽʵ
һѣ˵أһ˰һ˵
ǻĸ𣿡ڲĵּ׷ʵ
Ҳûˣ̫˵ģǰһλӸĪҲСû֪ʲô
ӸĪסģԣһʵ
˵ڣӸӰɽҪȥĻһ¾֪ˡ
Ӱأɽãȥԣĵ˵ͷ


ڶʮ ҶԵط
ʳȻʼݱ֮ʱ꣬ٴξ뷷⣬˺ݵս֮⣬Ŀǰʳһ¡
ĪӷдӰټѧôϢټѧߴϢݣǹ뷷ģоǺݵս¡
ƺΪʳ¾뷷Ϣ˺ݵڽʿ뽺֮һʱĺս£ʱ´һЩݱڵľ棬ҪջʧأҪһβ̵ʱ䡣
ݺͻʳľƣĪȻעţվȽԶһĪԼûϵ飬ȴѾԽԽˡ
ҪȥӸ㻹⣬ҰڣȥܱôĴϹҿסУһͬˣһĶ˵
УһҪȥֻҪҵλǰһҪ취Ϊͽҡҡͷ˵
˵֮󣬿ǰ˵ʲôˣ̿ڵ
İɣҲȥʵҲλǰҲˣʱͻݣһСŰʦ
ڵ仰˵꣬˱˵ͷˣҾͲȰˣȥҲͳ׵İˡ
İɣȥˣҪλǰҾͻЦ˵ȴĬĬļһ䣬Ȼҡ
֮ôִҵĪӣֳ־ǿԸ֮⣬һԭ򣬾ǵʱĪ뿪֮ڳһ˿ģĪնɱλ񾳽еһ˳
ڲʶԷȴʶԷŵıǣϹıǡ
һ֮նɱ񾳽ĸ֣ϹĳϣʵڴҪĪΪʦ
ʣһС㹻ģǽС֮Ҳֻһͨӣãݵһλ񾳽糤ϵ£δɾ൱ޡ
Īһֵ£ܹѧĶҪЩС֮жࡣ
ֽԭһ˵ִҲ֧ŵģھ϶һᣬҲסεĻᡣ
ָѣھӸķݵαҪõö࣬һ·ȻɽطζȽƽ̹ҪɽԽ룬ٶȻǱȽϿ죬̶̼֮󣬾ѾӸ
Ӹ֮ҲûзѶ󹦷򣬾ʹĪӵϾӸڣĪӵ֪ȻǷǳߵġ
ҴһЩ˵Īӵ˿УҲ֪һЩĪӵòȻЩֻſڴţ֤֮ڱѾףԼҶԵطˡ
㲻ΪͽҾȥԼʦ֮ʦǰݶˣԹԵģ΢Щ˷ܵ뵽Ӱضȥ
ʦҸо֮ʱԼѾ񳹵ĸоǲ֪Ϊʲôܾúһʲôûа취񳹵ͼ֮УɱΪһ÷УĪԼ
ʱĴĥѾൽ꾳ʱ򣬿ؼһȴ޷ɣ·ʲô赲Լ֮£ҲֻĪˡ
û뵽ϵô͵ʱ򣬾ѾʼӰˣò촦ˡǵĻĪ뵽
֮ǰ֪ϵ⣬ܻӰ쵽պĳɳû뵽Ӱ쾹Ȼô죬һϣѾ谭
νϵĪȻһЩ뷨Ҫȷϴڵô£ſԶ֢ҩ
Ī˼⣬Ҫ˵ʲôʱĿȴͻȻתɽ£ĪӲһڴɽµ֣ɽĪ֮ǰϵڡ
طҲ£سҲԶһǰߣһĿⲻסĴΧѾʦɹ֮Ҫĵطˡ
ôȻ׷ˣĪͨʶڣüͷɵ΢΢һ壬֮ǰԷΪʦܾ֮ĪӾԼպԷĻСˣû뵽ԷȻɽ
Ҳע⵽Īӵɽ£㰲վﲻٿڡ
ɽµ֣ڿǰƵɽûðֱǰȥڵĽк
ڣĪǰͼ
ɽµҲ֪ɽµ˭ˡ
ùȥϵ⣬Ϊʦһ¸ΰɽµĪһֱڱͬʱ˵
ĪӲûΪͽ˼ǶԷʻԣûдﵽĪͽı׼ԻǱԷʲôϣ
ںһ֮󣬹ãһֱûеõκεĻӦǰܲɽ壬ƺøŨˡ
ۿþ˻ӦҲû٣෴϶ԼҶ˵ط
ڣǰͼٴδ
Ȼûκα仯ģӦ
ת֮䣬ɫѾû谵ˣվû뿪ĪҲûо⣬ԷԶܹô׵ľ뿪ˣǲ¡
ʦľĶԷһУԷѵӣĪӹƣúõ죬ӦҲͲˡ
ĪûڣɽµڣȴѾﲻϵĸĪӡ
Ϊͽһ氡׼һѵİʦɣ涼ϣôЩʦɸ㣬УҶܵˣ˵ʲôҲóɹ
Ųϱ䰵ɫ˿û뿪˼վɽ£ÿʱңͳһ䡣
ȵҹĻ׽٣Χţҹзǵ㣬ڿ֮з·˵ǹ⣬ϵǰɽ֮С
䲻֪ʲôֶΣǰ㾰󣬿ű֪
Щµĵǹ⣬ɫԽԽᶨ
ڶһ磬÷۵״򲻶ĿʼĪʶɽɨɽû뿪
ν֮ĪӲûǼȥϰԼݣǿʼ̽ڣ̽ڵ
Īͨ̽УûϷκ⣬ĪҲûвʲô⡣
ĪӾԼǰͻƣܷܲ⣬Ȼ
÷£ǰĪӵķԸʼͻԼΪ
УĪѾܹоʱּͻƵԤףһо˵ΧѾһЩĲǵ꣬ȴʼնûɱꡣ
ĪǵߣȫעĹ۲ǣڵ
Χȴʼ޷һʱĪüͷ壬ֿٵĲΪָһָǵüĴȻûǵʶ֮С
ô΢ЩΣգҪ֪ϵô£õʱĪӲòðһ¡


ڶʮ ʶл
̽˵ʶ֮У˫˵һЩΣյ£һҲ˷ſԼʶ롣
Īӽǵʶǳ˳ΪΪǵʦĪеļõˣĪ㹻Ρ
Īӵǵʶ֮УȿһƬڣȻ̸оһѹŵı˸С
һƬڵĻĪӲûие⣬Ϊÿ˵ʶʼʱӵģĵطֻ߾ʶܹӰ쵽ʶΧ
ĪԼʶ֮еľҲֻǶһ첻⣬Īӵʶ֮д󲿷ֵطĺڰɢˡ
ǵʶ֮Уͱ˲ͬĵطѹֵı˸УͬʱҲΪָоĪָ˷˳ָоԽԽǿҵķȥӦþܹҵĸԴ
˳򣬺ܿ죬ĪӾͿޱߺڰһĨĹâڹâĵطĪӿϤľۡ
ªķݣԱ÷÷۵ӡ
һʶ֮еľ󣬶ΪȽϸߵ˵Լ˼仯ͨ˵ʶ֮еľ󣬾ǼϤ̵ĳ
÷£Īӿǵ꣬ΧΧһȦɫ
ĪӽӽʱҲͬʱӴһ㵭ɫһ˲䣬Īӷ·һ

ĪӿЩɫ֪Щʲôˡ
л꣡
ĪЩѾ̶ֳȵĲл꣬ȻûɢƺʶȽѣܹݸԼ׼ȷ˼
΢ԥһ£ĪӽߵЩɫǵ߰룬Ҿ£һߡ
֮УĪӿԸоЩɫǳϣ׾ٵľͽЩɫǵ߰롣
Щɫ߰һ˲䣬ǵų˹âʼɱ䡣
ĪӾ£һߵЩɫ۳һŵӰûеĪò͸оԼǰһڣǵʶˡ
˫ۣĪӽָǵĶͷÿƲǣŲ˼ȻĬȻվԭأȴͻƽ
ͻƵǣĪȴǸղʶ֮еĲлꡣ
ӶԷݸĪӵ˼Ӧöûж⣬̶ֳȵĲл꣬ҪЩʲôҲȽѡ
Īǣ뿪ʶеʱȻûплòǾһƳȴĪӸоԷǡ
߿˵ԷԭǣһλĲлֻܹ꣬ͣѾƵ޷ƶĲл꣬Ϊλܹѵʶ
˵Ҳһ¡Ī
֮ǰͶǵй²⣬ҲĲ²⣬Ȼûн׵ĸڵȴһ֡
ǣϵƽʼƽȣһʶĪӵΧ֣ȻΧɢȻѾ˳꾳硣
Īӷֵ˴ԼһĹڻ˫ۣһ۵
ʦͻˣվԼԵĪӣվĪ¶һЦ˵
ڰĪΪʦżҲ¶ЦݣǳĸɾʣĪڲݼϱ۵ʱЩЦ֮⣬ǰЦݣĪӾɾˡ
Ī˿ûиоЦݱֱˣһɾʵЦݣȴ˸Ӵ
áĪͬ¶һЦݣȻֻ˵һ֣žԼطȥһΪ
ǻطΪĪĻʶ֮еǵл꣬ԷѵʶǾʹſԹͨԽİ취ܱеҪһЩ
ţĪĿɽ£ͻȻɽµڣʱȴӰ
ôͷˣһΪܴ졣ĪҡҡͷҲûа·ϡ
ϰ壬ԣҲҪԱǸҲһװϣʲôóԵģҲóɣ˳ҲˡӰسУһҵ̵дĲɹ
λ͹٣СЩˣҪǻԵǰơϰЦ⣬ڿ˵
ˣЩҲˣҪǲĻٹһˣҲѲ̫¶ԣ΢΢˰֣Ǯ֮󣬽еĶԼ֮УȻɽȥ
ȻѣǾõ飬ȴǷǳִŵģ֮뿪ɽȻǷˣ˳ս׼
ոʿûȻȽϿǸôģҪԵ㶫ģھӰس׼Ȼٻɽš
֮Ƿ㣬ʹô﷨ߵȥҲôôණˡһѵĶصɽ£һ߽еĶóһ뵽
ڷŶڻûǶɽһɤӣڣǰͼ
֪ǣڷЩʱɽϣĪͷߵĿرǿӴóϯޱ¯ԼһƵȵȶĪ
ĪӾãԼȽСǰӦö̲סѵһˡ
ԹԣƺңڣǰͼڲϯϣԱߵľ̵ĹһڣɽϺһ䡣
仰֮󣬻Сֹţݵľƣľƺúȶˣ´ȥʱٶ
Ӧʰһ١ĪʱԼʽƺñһ䣬ֱӰһԶһЩ
ҡҡͷĪջûڵֻҪԼԷҲĪӾͲţɽض೤ʱ䡣
һصãµصס𣿰أãܹصס
ͻƵ꾳磬ÿλǵüС
֮Ǿ΢ЩɥĸĪӣԼͻ꾳磬õСͨ
õСͨȻһŻͨ
ʩչͨڵΪڷԲʮķΧһ꣬ˮĶٿɵĿơ
ԼСͨ΢һЩʧҪİ취ǣܹõаټѧɵĵӣҲֶͬⷽΣԼõСͨȻоʵЩߡ
ʩչһͨΪʦʶһ¡ĪӲûΪǵĻֱӸСͨһۡ
СͨĻã̶ܴ˵컯ȷһЩͨǳĲСͨ¸ջõʱȽҲǱڵġ
ĪӵĻʩչһԼСͨ
Сͨһ̣ɽϿգƾճһƬƣٵľ£ΧˮȻ̶̼֮䣬һͽ
Թԣݵôô֣˵ҾôһСƬطɽ£ʲôӦڣⳡͻĴֱӾ͸͸ˣߵĶҲʰҲˮʪˣЩƵ뵽
ܿ죬ھͷӦԲȻĽ꣬ʩչ
ְ취ңûţҪô׾ߣǵҲͲˡͷһҲԱߵĶд
ڣǰͼ


ڶʮ ˮ
ɽµĽ£ĪӿǵСͨȴĵĸһ˿Цݡ
ĪӵǰһͨƲ꣬壬ҲͬһһģһЧ֪εƲͨ
ſһ½ĴСĪһԿ˵
ԣ̰ĪӵķԸʼƽĴС
ɽµڣֻͷĴ꣬һ˲ø󣬸ղƶܼ㣬һӱưôܼ꣬Ŀ϶
ǰŻˣǲ뿪ġվڴ֮УϵѾȫʪ͸ˣͷµĴ۾ȻĴš
Կܷˮɱµɱ÷УĪӼǷԸ
ĪӵķԸŬĳȻɽµ̾Ͳˡ
ԹԵģôɱǰҲ̫˰ɡͷԭĴ꣬ͻȻһӱ˱ڵϷžž͸˵˵ˣֱӾڵͷ϶۵к
ӣҲû취ԭˣ֮ܽУͷıһʹ죬һ߰ѸղŵϵĲϯڼм䣬Լγһڵ
ܿ죬Ǹ̫ʵĲϯͱͷµıˣڵɫ̿ʱͷıֺȻͣˡ
ԣܷ꽻ӡڷܹԼķʽ״̬֮Īһγ˵
һΣǾûĪڴֱӽһ꣬Ϊǲ̫βܹһꡣ
ǵӣĪĺ󱳣Ȼ󿪿˵ȱżСͨǱܴ󣬶ϰΪʦܹ
˵ͷղһڵʵĵĲҪԼ֪ôϾŸոͻƵ꾳磬һʹԼСͨҪϤ
ĪӼ򵥵ĸǽһ£ھСͨǱ
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ҲСͨһӦ÷򣬻ķչĿׯܹչ֮
ھĪӵָ֮Ҳ֪ԼСͨǼߣչǱǳ޴ֻҪԼúھ
ǻطȥָԼĵͬʱϸ˼ĪӸղŵָ㣬ܹԼСͨչһЩʱɽ£ҵͷڣĿᶨɽϣٴδĺһ䡣
ڣǰͼ
仰֮Ѿʪ£һʪյͷԭҪﻻ·ͷ̫Ķȥˣվɹһɹ
ȱס⸱Ǳӣɽϵǰᱻҵĳ򶯣ͻɽΪͽˡš
ĳɳǴʱҪԼôӲУܶʱʵңЩͺðˡ
Īڻ濴⸱ӣָ֮ĪĿԶͿȫǱȻվɽµڡ
ղʹСͨǰˡǱӣĪ̷Ӧô£ҲһССıǸ
΢ЩǱӰĪһССĸĹۣǲ벩ȡͬ飬ܹôã˵ȻһЩܹ黹мִŵġ
ȻĹһЩĪҲھΪ͸ıԼ˼ΪͽֻǾɽһﻹе˼
ʵڲеĻҲҪˣһôˣﵢʱ䣬ҲĪӿԼΪͽҲϣԼȻôִţôټһʱ䣬Ըɴ໹˵ˡ
뷨ĪӾͿɽµͻȻתŲɿ뿪ˡ
Ȼǰͣ˽ŲɽϺǰȳȥðЩܿͻʱϣǰܹͼ
˵֮ٴŲɽµС
Īӿ뿪ıӰиоֵһ￴ǸǾ˵ˣпܰѼҶɽ¡
ȻԼȥʱ֮ոպһ·ܻ˳ϴ˸ڣֳɽ¡
˺ܶණǲϯ񰡡ɡ֮ģȫһӦȫ
ڣǰͼ
뿪ɣĪҡҡͷ׼ɽȥ뿪ǽŲոĪͻȻͣѸٵתͷĿǵķ䡣
˳Īӵ߿ȥͿ򿪷ţĴſ˳Ŵ˶ûʲô仯ϵȴˣͬʱĪоı˸У³ǵϡ
ʦĿҲĪӣ¶һ΢Цһ䡣
ĪӿЦݣֻޱȵİͬʱһַ·зı˸УĪӵͷ
Īڵ״̬ȽƽڵģǼߣִͷı˸УĪӵϱ˴롣
˭ǰİǣĪ˪˵
Ҳûʲô⣬ҲҪǣڵʲôӣǳҲʲôǡɱ΢Ц˵
ҵĴڣڵ˵ѾΪһˣֻʱЩʣеһЩƣҸ˵˵ԳѣͬʱҲõѰġǡҲûмʦֱԵơ
ǡĻĪ΢һЩ˵Ȼ㣬ǾٺòˣҶڵҲЩ棬ʱҲԣ˵˵ɡ
ǡ˵ͷ÷£˴Զ
˵Ҳ컯ڲ˵ѣѾҷ鶼Ѿɢˣȸлˣǡ֮󣬱̿ڶĪ˵
ǼȻΪʦʦĸģ˵лĪһ˵һó豭һЩԼݴİٻ裬һ֮䣬Χˮۣٵݺ衣
Īֽһŵǡǰһ߿˵
ѻûнһԼҶԵѵݣѾ˺ܾãܹܷΪҽ󡣡
޲ɣҶڵѵݣҲͬǳĺ棬֪λѵת֮ǡǰİٻһڣȻĪ˵
Ī޸˵ˮ⣬ƺҲֶΣ²⣬Īӵݣת
һ̶ϣĲ²Ҳûʲô
콭ˮ񣬼ѡڸղŵĻ˵֮󣬡ǡֱӱԼݡ


ڶʮ ޺ޣΨ
콭һ򽭵ˮһ̶ϣ򽭸ӵĵ
ˮ塢塢壬˶õһЩ㡣
ȴѾȥܾõˣ콭ȡĵλ󲻾ã콭Ѿ׵ʧˡ
콭ĺӴˣɺ֮ĺӴѾֲǣΪ˹Ϣ½ء
ԭ콭ˮ񣬹ֲãˡ΢΢ЩĪӵԤϣһѾɿݵĺû뵽飬Ȼϡ
ǵأ֪λѣǡԼ֮ĿⶢĪʵ
˵ʵתĴ̫ˣҲǵԼǰʲô벻ǲ顣ĪЩܵĻشȻߡǡԼת
ǡԣЦЦû⣬˵һɢĲлѣЩ֪Ͳ֪ûʲô
֮ͻȻֻҪ֮ʣһʸ˵˵һЩ飬ҲҪһЩ顣
ΨһʸˣҲֻĪˡ
ʲô˵𣿡ĪҲһеİٻ裬ǹζͬʱҲһЩĪϵʹС
ȸлһµѰɣѵĴҲֻڽ˵һлл˽ҹ֮ϾֻʣǣҲû콭ˮˣǡ˵ʱ̧ͷգһָ£¶Цݡ
˾ϡǡʱĶһ򵥵ЦݣҹĻ֮Եޱȵıͬһֱ
ʲôƣܺ˵˵Ҳǳ֪ʲôıˣŻһĪӿʵ
˵ֻܵЦңҵ飬˵ʵһĲֵԵ˵ֻЦ
ѶѾˣβ˵˵أԺһǵʦҲǵѵʦĪ˵
ǡĪӣôĿֱƬ֮ŻĿڵ
֪Ҳ޷ȵ뿪֮ɣʱЦңҾˣڣɰɣ
Īԣ˵ͷûǿʲô
֪𣬴ʱˣ֮ʣͻȻسʱĴأʱȻ٣֮ɫʷǳĵҲûôһȴǳļ򵥣Ҳô򵥡
֮öϵͱøЩ飬Ҳø˴֮ǷǣҲɱ¾
˵ʱ򣬡ǡĿ⿴ĪһۣƺĪӵϣһͬ׷֮ɫ
ȻĪϲ¶ɫֻɫƽĿšǡְİԼߵĽɫ
ܶĵѣڶѾˣЩҲѾˣ㣬Ҳ㣡
Īӱ㿪ʼ廰ˣ㲻Ķʱĳˢ£һжڷŸı䣬ı䣬Ҳһ¡
ǰһɲĶԭΪ콭ĽˮԶиɺԵһ죬ʱ仹ǸˣҴˡ
ҹĻĪӺ͡ǡ̸ʼûͣ£һԽԽĸо
̸ֻݣһֱû漰ǡľʲôıˣʼղԸἰ
ĪӺ죬֮Ľľͺͨһû漰ʲôݡ
ڡǡУĪҲͨĻ˽⵽缸ʮǰӣԶʱģ
ǡһ߶߶ˣԼʱľʱĵεΡ
콭ˮ֮УǳֵıȽһˣ콭֪ǳĶ࣬ȻھԼҲ벻ˣЩݣĪӶ˸˽⡣
ڡǡĽУĪӻ˹̫λݣк̫̫ͣһǡûм
ʱôһһεţҹɫתǳɽµҲɽһɺ紵ˡ
˫ۣڴ˸ǷŲϵޱȻµĲϯһߣžͰԼϰߣɽϴ
ڣǰͼ
÷µĪӺ͡ǡȫȻĪڱεʹĻĲȴûб
һҹ찡
ǡĿɽɨһۣٴ¶΢ЦعͷĪһۡ
һʱң͵εʱ䣬Ҳˣҵļ䣬һʶУԺҡҪ˽⣬Ѷġ
ʱˣ֮ǰǲԸ⽫ԭ˵һ˵𣿡ĪӿһյĲ豭һ䡣
Ǻǣʲô˵أԵѵĴ˵ᱻЦľӦѾµĲ˰ɣǡĪһۣȻĿϵ˵
µһЩܹ֤һ£һЩ鷳֪ôǣĪ˵ţվ
ѲµòǶһ飬һˣ󣬻һ˱˵Ľ֣ľȤԺͨ˽⡣
һˣ䵽˵زһ˲ŻᡣĪһߵɽߣͬʱһһ˵
ɽǵӰĪʱͻȻԼҪ£ֻǱǡˡ
ǰԣⶼҪҲûʲôˣϾ뿪ˣֻһЩ鷳Ǻ͵ѣǸˡ
ǡĪӵĻû˿⣬ʱ֮ԱЩţΪõֻΪˡ
ǡ˵䣬ҲͬվߵĪӵߣĿҲɽµڡ
ԿһΪͽҲһϲҲǸҸ
ĪӻͷһۣȻ˵СطʺǲҪӵܵĺãѡˣδҲȫͬˡ
ɰݵΪʦӦѡ֮УõһѡˣܴץסᣬϧôԶĿԸһᡣ
Īû˵ʲô
ʱ䵽ˣڸˣҹŵˣǡתĪӹһȻΧֱ˵ķΧƺһ˲䵽˼㡣
͵ѣĪҲͬ΢΢һ
֮ʣеͣҲһ£ֻϧˡƺЩźջȻһЦ
ֻϧջһ𣿡Īӽǡû˵Ļ˵˳
õѼЦˣǣĪ˵仰ǡЦЦȻֱ˵ķΧΧɢҲȥȻվֻվģѾˡ
ʦǶĪӽе
ʱ࣬ʼΰɣĪûʲôһ˵
콭ˮ뿪ʱ̣ĪһЩ£Ҳûϸо⣬ڵʼնһݱˡ


ڶʮ Ҫһ
ڣţǰͼ
һ㣬һҧһеĸ㣬һ߶ɽϺһ䡣
ôȻЩأʵҲС˼һ֣Ҫְ취ĪӳԼܵƤ֮࣬ҲùһֱϹȡ
ʱ䣬ѾĪӻһͦˣԼɽǰôãԼҲֻССĳͽѣʱѡӶĪڱһֱŲŸô
ʵȴʱ䣬ﻹǸоЩˣһֱţȴʼûмĪӵӰʦһӰӶûУôܲ
ȥһô뿪ɽ÷еĪĿ⿴ɽµڣԷɽôãѾЩˡ
һǵķ䣬ĪԼҲû뵽ϵȻôףûԼѶ£֮ǰõЩ뷨û֮ء
һҹĽ̸콭ˮѾ׵ɢˣǰļȻǵʶ֮з棬˵ⲿֵļ䣬ѾˣԺ½գ֮еָ飬ҲӰ쵽ǡ
콭ˮлʧ˵δ·Ҳûͬʱøһ׳ˡ
ĪӹƣҪ̫ãǵΪͻ񣬼пһ֮ڣ꾳뵽񾳽硣
콭ˮ뿪֮ǵĺô
ŲĪһɽȥ׼Ȱ˵뿪
ʱһֱɽ£ôĺУ·Ҳ֪ɽһʦģֿӣǸ÷ʱ򣬶ĳۡ
ڣǰͼֺһɤӣȻִӴóһƣղųԵĸζ΢ЩˣҪһھƣɤӡ
ոսƺóյ׼һڣͻȻǰ֮УͻأĳһӰֱӾ͵ڵǰ
ȿȣǰ㣬ǰȾơͻȻֵĪӣ˫һȻֱǺһڣȻ䷢ԼЩ̫òһ߽ƺ£һ߲֪˵ʲôðһ䡣
ɽҰģȾҲû㣬ȥȣԼѣһȲŹ˰ĪӿЩ˷ܺͽŵڣɫƽĿڵ
ٺ٣ǰǾţӰصƣζһζǰ˵ĵطٵĽƺϴЩֺõЦݶĪ˵
ˣɽ¶˺üˣҳˣʲôڿ˵ҪʦĻ⿪ڣĻĶȥɣĪڵֺãɫƽĿ˵
䣬ǰھͻȻͨһ¹˵ϣȻǰҪΪʦģΪˣۣǧ࣬ҵǰĵۣһƬĵķϣǰΪͽɣ
һ䣬ھҪĪӿĸͷӲŸոһ䣬͸оΧĿ·סһԼ䲻ȥ
֮ǰҾ͸˵ˣҲΪͽģҲʺϰҵ£֮ʱӦǿɽӦģľеĹҵ£˵·ԣǻȥɣݱصűȽʺ㡣ڵӣĪӺȰ˵
ǰ˵ЩҲףãӦðΪʦ͡ĪӵĻæĪ˵
һɢޣСʱһԶݣѧһ֮ſʼһֱָܹ˵ʻһģǰΪͽǾͶһʴӱĵӡ
û˿Ĳ˼ֱӾȰԼʰ˳Ȼ˵
ǰɽϣƽҲֻһӣɽһȽ壬ǰΪͽɽϲҲһЩ𣿡
ôȻϵĶûѧʲôջ̴ɨЩɶģѧƣǰΪͽͻһТ˳ĵӣ֤һúõТʦ
УӱȽϻʲôдȵĻʤΣΪͽǰͿԸӰĵΪһЩ·ġ

ĪӿӣһһоԼΪͽĺôĪӻķ֣ǰ˼ˡ
˵һһȫԼΪͽĺôоΪͽԼռ˴ˣҪǲǼֱһ
˺һ˵Ŀڸ㬵ͣˣĪŴһ˿΢Цڵ
˵𣿡
ˣһĪӵɫдһЩĿڵ
˵Ǿͣ߰ɣ
ǰҪٿһ£ʵĲģֻҪΪͽһúТ˳ʦһĻĪô˵żԼ˵ôһѰʦɣǰλǰһ䶼ûȥ
ȷôãԸôãôණҾûʸʦ㻹߰ɡĪɴһ˿Ц˵
ǰʵҲûôãɢֺܲϲȾƣһЩȱ㡣ĪӵĻ˵
ҡҡĪһ˿ЦǰһָˣȥҲûʲôֱӰѻ˵˰ɡ
ҲҪƶˣǲΪͽģһֱ˰أɽôãҲмʺҿԸһô㻹ǻȥʦĪ˵ţһӣǰĵ̳˼
Ʒһƿҩһͨ伮
ƷһһأƿҩΪȫʺõģ͵һ·ݸϹջ񣬻ȥɣĲʺ㡣ĪӷǳĿ˵
ڵı֣ЩССĳϣնԷѵԸܹһϼôãȷмִţվһ㣬Ҳ֪Σͽˡ
ǰļͻȻĬ̧ͷĿֱĪӣ˰죬ϲ¶һ˿Цݡ
ǰĲΪͽһᶼҡ
˵仰ʱȫûƤЦˣ΢΢һЩı䣬档
Ԥ֮УǰԸΪͽ϶ǰԼĿʱһֱŲӦҲϣ֪ѶˣһҲǿľƢϣټ˷ʱˣԸһЩô뿪ڴˣлǰ˵ţƺ׼Īһ񣬿ϧûеȥ
Ҳû⣬Īӣ̬ԽԽ棬ǰЩҪϣǰܸһᣬҪҲֻһᣬֻҪһᣬץסᣬԹԣҲٴǰ
˵ٴ͵һߵףһΣĪû


ڶʮһ 
ŰݵԼǰڣĪЩĪĴЩѾڸĹ˲٣֪мִţǰһݣĪӾãԼҲĿԸһᡣ
Īӵվ˼ת֮ԲΪͽΪԷʡԣûдﵽԼͽı׼
ɸݶԷʱı֣ղŵľٶԷԿܲûԼôһߵʣ֮⣬ӦûҪԡԡԵȷ棬߶ǺѸıĶ֮£ֲķʡ
ӣĪҲḡֻǼᶨ
Ī조ǡԼ˵ĻҲĿԸһᣬһܹͨҵĿ飬Ϊͽкη
ϵѾˣøһʱ䣬ӭΪϵͻͽ
⼸ʱ䣬ĪǵĽ̵ҲǾľӦýǵĶҲ̵ĲˣȵΪһ̶ȣЩͲĪӽ̵ԼҲӦöȥѧϰˡ
ǵĽ̵ԽķŻˣĪҲһЩԽһµĵӣһͽܣʵҲûвԵġ
߾þûдӦҲĳ˹ȵף̲סͷЩᡣ
ǳĳʦҲԼ˵еĽϣֻϣһᣬһվûԼ⡣
ڵлЩʣҲΪݲʣþöû̧ͷȻڴһ𰸡
һһʱ䣬ڶǼ尾Ϊȴʱȥһ㣬֤ϣԽС룬ĪǲǻվԼǰ
оԼҪûϣʱ򣬶ȴĪӵ
ãҸһᣬͨҵĿ飬ҾΪͽеĻͰ˵ģֱ뿪ɣ
ĪӵĻ̧ͷ¶ϲɫ
ǰԸ
ɽɣȵɽ֮ڸҪʲôĪӻӳһڴӵϷͬʱһ˵
ĪӵĻӸˣɽµôãڿɽȥˣʵ̫ˡ
Īڣɽ˴󷨵һ̣̾͸оһŨطӦҪŨȫѷɫһЩСš
һɽߣڻСĵԴĪ¿ٵǼֲ֮ЩҩɽһȪҲЩµĿᡣ
ԹԣʲôɽСۣǰȻƭң
Щڲɵа̾ǰЩЩСŵȻҪһЩΪֻ˵ľЩѾԱĪӵļҵ׷ˡ
һ·÷ۣǰԼªķᣬֻعͷһɽЩʮ־µĿᣬоЩȽϺá
Ҳû˵ʲôһĪӻûΪͽڴɽҲֻǿ飬ڶи˵ϲã˼ҾϲסƷӣϲסôõķӣֹҲûʲô
ɣĪߵ÷ԣȻ󻺻£ֶкһ䡣
ǰվ˵Уڷǳ˵
ҪϲվţվŰɣȻصΪʦģ㿼֮ǰұ˽һ㣬һ;ɡĪҲûǲֱڵ;
һ˵ĳɳڸԸ񡢹ɣžԵãĪҪ˽һǰĳɳġ
ŶǰģǼף֮ǰûаݹʦ֮·һλԶݽ̹һ㶫ܹԼһġĪԼæڽ͵
һ˵ΪɢޣҪݵʦô׵ģΪѾ˴ܿѾݹʦˣоǿԵ⡣
ΪĪڵԼݹʦԲ͡
˵ȥ˵ϸһ㡣ĪͷȻ˵
һ˵Īһó˲豭Լһ裬׼ڵĽ
ģƹ⸮ϣף֮ʱһλߵԶݻ磬Ǹɢޣ˵мʣ΢һ㶫ſʼġ
ֻǺûãλݾˣִƹ⸮Сյͯʱ䣬ֻһˣٺ΢һЩ£ļ˲ҡ
ĪһߺеĲ裬һڽԼĳɳ
ǴһҪԶѧһƤëԭλԶڶˣ˫ȴڣȻɱĸֱĵնɱջǳûûĺӡ
û˸ĸϣСӾͱò̫ùˣҵﻹݿӼһȻ̫ùվȥ
Ҳһ߳ɳһ߼ΪĸףҪбԼ
䲻ϵҲ뿪˼磬˵ٺɽȻĪӣһ·ʦˡ
ĪڵĽûмſڣղڽԼľıȽϼ򵥣طҴһʴˡ
ǿһʧȥĸ˫֮ݺĵĽӼãҲܵһЩ۸˾Խ͵ͨΪʲôγԸ
ľҴѾ˽ˣµʱ䣬סɽϣɽǼᣬһ䣬ȵ֮ٸҪٵĿ顣еĲˮȸɣĪŶڿڵ
лǰˣԣһȻڶĪ˵һ֮󣬾ȥɽĿᡣ
ЩոµĿᣬ֮лһǳŨӸˡ
һҪͨǰĿ飬ΪʦɽϣҪǴʦԺһġѡһԼĿᣬڷеĴϣʦͷӼᶨˡ
ֻǲ֪ǰҪôңҪɽϰ£ԹԵģⲻѾʼ˰ɣУҵøϽúñһ¡ͷ˼˴͵ĴӴȻ߳˷䣬׼ϽһԼ
ɳ֮Ŀ⵽˿ȴ֪ԼøʲôˣɽϵȷǺ壬÷Уط˶ûУҪ˸ɵҲһĶ
ǲǰͽȥ׽˵ܴʲôҲҪȸδʦһӡ󡣡ͻȻ֮䣬ڿɽǣ˫һСžӭȥ
ǵǰ̾͹һ񣬡ʦ֣Сڣɽ֪ʦôƺ
ԼǰһЦݵڣҲ¶һЦݣɾʣ⣬ڶһ£ôûпܹЦôɾ
ҽǣ


ڶʮ 
Ŷʦ֣ãҪȥĶʲôҪæ𣿡ڸæ˵
ΪղǵǸЦݣҲһ˿øУϾõ˶Ҫĳ嶯
ãҪȥҪһȥ𣿡ϵЦݺָܿޱģ˵
ǰûʽΪͽӦòȥɡ֣ڵԺ֮УðһеĻ棬жʱЩĶǸֵطȥġ
ûϵģҪȥһȥɣҡҡͷ˵
ǰ𣿡ڻЩĵʵ
ġ˵꣬ƹڣŲķȥ
ڼ״Ŀ÷һ£Ȼֿ˿߹ȥǣջѡҧϡ
Ҿȥ·ʱȲȥǰӢӦòҵġ뵽⵽˵طֻ濴һԲڽȥġ
֮УֵطÿһŵصأҪĴУԲ׽롣
пܾǰһ飬ܲܰѳֵסԼڣǧϵһ߸ǵһ߶Լ˵
ȵһֱ󣬿Ǵ򿪲Ĵţͣ½ŲʼΧ
㲻𣿡ǻعͷһεڣ˵
ˣӦ÷صأڻܽȥȵʽǰΪʦٺʦһȥڿվſڵǣһ£Ȼش
˵֮󣬶ǵͷкȻŤͷ뿪ˣԼٴȥ̲סջȥȻԼĿʧˡ
һʱշ뵽ȵԼʽʦһҪѲеȫһ顣
÷£ĪӿŤͷ뿪ڣĹһ˿ȡ
ɫʱǴӲص÷ۣȹҵĪӡ
ʦӽЩԣʦһ¡
ô˵ĪӴһ£ɫ֣ʵЩԣ
ľƺһЩ⣬ЩҲ˲١΢΢üͷ˵
ŴԣĪȴЦûʲô¶ֻǱˣһֱֹˮľȻ֮˵ϲŭҲǱ뾭ĸ飬˲һĴҲͬеһ֣ڻЩϰߣʱͺˡ
ϲûκε⣬෴ڱκʱҪãʶ֮콭ˮл뿪ǲ
õĺôһ׳ܹٵ꾳ͬʱҲø鶯
Ⲣʲô£෴Ӧһ£еĴеһ֡
Īӵָ㣬ǷپԼı仯ˣʦƭԼ
ҹĻܿͽˣɽ϶ȹĵһҹҲΪ˷ܵһҹ
Ŀɽ£ڿǹ⣬ЩҩϣɽһȪϸˮУ·Ҳŵǹ⣬ƹһֱɽµ֡
Ŀתɽϣ첢û̫ע÷ҹĻ֮Уȴǹӳĵ÷ÿÿһƬҶ·˽ɫϵЩ㣬Ĺʵһ㣬Ϊĵ׺
̾ɽͤӣӦǹâĵطˣǹⲻϵĴ䣬ϡһ㣬ͤգҲͬ졣
Ŀ֮һУڸеĳȣ¶ģһҪͨ飬ɽ
ɽĵڶһ磬ĪӺճʼԼһΣ˷˺ܾõڣҲľˡ
߳˷䣬ھҪúõı֣ȾʹʼɽϿʲôģҪĪӿڷܵһ档
ɵ󣬾ͿѾεĪӺǡ
ǰʦô磡
˵ӣȻѾһʱˣڵﲻЩƣԭҪúñһµģˣԼıȽǸͲ̫ˣøϽúõĲһ¡
ǣĪӺν֮󣬾ͷɽϣһЩ΢ЩҵĲľΪΨһܸɵĻҲֻЩˡ
ĪӿæµڣҲû˵ʲôƽһøʲôȥʲôȥԼݣ÷£һϸƷ
һʱ䣬ھһ£ɽԵҵĲľúõһ£ܵɽۡ
ȵ˻ƻʱ̣ѾˣһһɽҲľҲ۵Ĳᡣ
ڵҲûջľУɽĻһϤһ£ɽͺɽЩûȥĵطľĻᣬҲȥ˿
ɽ֮ϱչصľңɽͤӣڶȥĿ˿ȻûȥǿһۣҲֲܹ֮
ϣһҪһ죬ڻصԼסǼᣬĴϣһЩʹĴȣһš
һۣûʦ飬˿˼Ϊɽȫòиӻˣϵۣڿʲô
ڶϣ컹ûˣ߳˿ᣬ÷ۣȻȲ裬ʼվȴ
ûãĪӺǾͳһˣŶŲˮվڣĪӲû˵ʲô͵һ㣬ճһΡ
ھվﰲĵȺţĿҲĪӺΣ˿ʼûʲôĪӺǿʼʱһ˲ȫסˣЩ벻ͨ⣬ͻȻ֮ͨˣø롣
ȵĪӺֹͣ˺һӣڲŻعͣˣϽŲˮǰȥ
ǰʦ֣Ȳ裡
Īӿ͵ԼǰĲˮֶеһȻһڣһԵҲˡ
ĪӿʼжǵڿΣڸ䣬͸æŲˮ뿪ˡ
Ȼڵǳ£ͺ֮ǰȥһڻʱɲΪһʱĵʧԼʧȥΰʦĻᡣ
ȵϵν֮¸Īһ裬͵ĪӵС
ղŵǱ裬ˮƽȷôҲˮѾˣĪӻǺˣǺĪദôʱ䣬ĪҲ㹻˽⡣
ʦʲôʱΪͽ
ıְɣûʲôر⣬ǵȵദһʱ֮ҾĪҲûжڣܶطȷûдﵽĪӵı׼ϵ飬жܹƾͽܣ˶ȱ㣬ôȱ


ڶʮ 
ǰʦ֣Ȳ裡
жŲˮڹǰˮϡ
ĪӺǶùеĲˮȻڿڱһڣʱҪ뿪ΪĪڿεʱˣɵ׼뿪ʱȴĪӽסˡ
һ£
ǰкηԸڱĪӽס֮ͣ˽Ų΢ЩңΪɽ֮ڡ
ھúõıԼûʲôɸɣҲҪԼһɣ߾ܸĪһӡĪӽסʶԼ֮ڣϾҪһˡ
ű΢ЩڴڣĪӻĿڵɽڣѾȥʱˣоӦ𣿡
ӦȻӦɽϷ羰Ũ޲ܹһֱĪӵʻ̵ͷ˵
ǾͺãʱıҶɽ˲ٵ£һҪл㡣
֮ǰɽʱԣɽºҾͻ㿼ݣҾ͸㿼ݣֻҪͨ飬ҾΪͽĪӿ˵
ǰ뾡ܷԸһ߾ܡĪӵĻɫһȻ˵ȴ
ԭ֮ǰİ£Ĳǿ鰡
ܾԼһùԼ²֮ǰİ¾ǿ飬ҲûоʧΪԭԼĲ²ѡ
һ⣬شңΪʲôһҪΪʦĪĿֱڵ˫ۣȻ󿪿ʵ
Īӵ˫ۣԭ˵֮ǰЩɣĪӵע£Щȴһ˵ˣ촽ţֻ˵һɡ
Ҫǿ
ɣ㲻һҪΪʦȥκεСţ㶼ԱǿĪĿ˵
һЩС֮УҲһͨӣһ㣬Ϊĸ񾳽ֵĵӣδɾޡΪǰĵӣܹѧĶ࣬һȰСǿ˵ҲȥˣʵʵĽԼ뷨˵˳
֪Լɻ᲻ĪӷУȷʵľãԼҪǿܱԼ
Ȼˣ°ɣĿڣĪĿͻȻĿ˵
ԣһ£Լǲˡ
ˣʦ£㻹Ͽ°ʦһԵǼ״̳ѵ
ǵĻȻЩţһԼĴȣϴʹиڲûΡ
£ںԥĹڵأĪ˰ʦ
ڣݼʦݼʦ֣
̧ͷʱһƬͨ죬Ȼڷǳ˷ܣȫû뵽İʦ飬һ򵥵⡣
ӽ쿪ʼ÷۵ĵӣҲյĵڶӣܽ佾꣬СĪӿ˵
֮ô򵥵ΪͽȻ֮ǰǸ򵥵⣬ʱŬһĹؼ
µʱ䣬һֱĪӵƤ»ƣһһʵڱĪӹעš
ȻŲٵë˵ʱ䣬ֳЩ̶ܴǿָĪӿģʱĹעҲܿܶණ
ȾڵʣʵĪеĻҪһ㣬رԲ֮ԵҲΪ֮ǰָ㣬ԼһԸЩɢɵġ
ʱɽϣǲ󣬻ÿĪӶǵڿΣܹסջû׵ĽӴЩÿϼֹϵһ裬ȻĲúȣ־ٶȴĪӸе⡣
ʱеĹ۲죬ĪվӣԼѾ̵ĲˣӣԼҲʱ̵
Ҫһ㣬ڵִŴǲԼǰ֣ѵӣܹΪһôִţҲȷĪӹĿ࿴
йʦ֮Īִȥʦ÷ͷһ÷۵ԼĪʱ뵽ļŹ档
ǰ÷Ƚ٣ÿһֻһŹֶôõõֶһӣԸѵģĪӾãҪһЩŹ棬Լһڡ
ȻŹҲǳļ򵥣ֻôȫĪӸող뵽ģҪһЩǴǵơ
ݹ÷֮Īӽһ½ڵУȻ˵쿪ʼҪ𣬲׼ˮˣÿϵҲҪμӡ
лʦ׼ˮС£õɡ˫ֽӹĪӵݹķ£ȻЦ˵
˵˲׼ͲҪ׼ˣ½㣬ʱȱżƣȰɣϢʲô̵£ǣ쿪ʼһʽڿΡĪɫһЩ˵
ڵԸָˣոΪͽھͿʼƤЦģȫ֮ǰС
ԺҪһ㣬ҪȻ֪ҪƮĶȥĪ
ĪӵɫҲЦݣĪһ֮еķ¾ˡ
Īӵ࣬ûӰ쵽Ϊɹʦǳõڡ
ڴĪ뿪֮ϾܵʦܵݣʽĺϵȻһߴ֣һ߲˼Ц
Ǹʦ֣㿴Ѿʽİʦ£סɽµĿᣬо̫ʣô˵Ҳ÷۵ĵˣܲʦּһ
ǿſЦЩ˼ڣ΢˼һ£Ȼ˵ͷԣѾʽʦ£סڿȷ̫ãͰᵽ÷һһɡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԸԼкܴʦܣȴвĺøУԸʱһ
ǶлʦˡԣЦŸлȻȲȥԼڿеĶᵽ÷С
ʦ֣ʱĽӴڷҲһˣȻܻûԼ󣬵һΪȴԼò
֮ˣΪǾ˴𱰵Ĺؼ
䵽꾳磬˿ЩŵѷɫȻ̫˵ҲûиԼκɫ˵Ѿˡ
ϣ÷УȻûɽµĿȴã˯ªķ֮УԼӰġ
ᣬϾΪ׼ģӦþסĵط
Ҳ÷۵һԱˣҲʦˣһ̫˵ʦ֣ܿҾѧ£Ȼǿڴϣ˷ܵĸ˯š
һֱ˵ڶϣ׼ݲʱ򣬱ͬǸסˡ
ʦû㣬㲻Ҫ𣿡
˵ˣ֪ʦңֻһС£ҿԵġڵĻû˵꣬ͱǴˡ
㣬̫ѺˣǷǳĿ˵




ڶʮ ʩ
Ǻڵʵ֮ҲλʦֵԸֶһЩ˽⣬˵ʵԸЩ
ʲôУ෴ںϲԸΪʱԼҲֻͬǺԵĿˣѧԲ£๧άҲܹоǶԼûκεĶ⡣
ĪΪʦ֮󣬵һʽοʼˣڵǳļѾ˰ˣԼܹʼԼʦѧյĵһˡ
һԹһһһ֮ͬΪʦҪһˮƽȻپ㡣źһ߳ŵڣĪӶ˵
ǣʦڴ˵Ե÷ǳиɾ
÷۵οʼһԼȵһͬĻڣĪӸһ׵ȻҲûôָһж
ڽӹĪӵݹġ׵ȻĪӺǵʼж
ɽ֮ǰڶЩϵݣʵôȤҲֻûɬѶǳĳ
ڹ۲ĪӺǰ֮뷨ѾĹˣÿһĪӺʱܹоһֱܶȻʡ
ЧλӵѾȫӦԭһֱԼӵЩȻ˵Ҫ
ĪӺǵڿĿİ˵ǽ̫ĿİԷûǰ⵹ССʧһ¡
֮Īӽûмǽн̵ֱӽĿ䵽ڵϡ
ʱĹ۲죬ڵˮƽĪӴһЩ˽⣬Ҫн̵Щ⻹һ¡
֮ǰʲôĪֱӿżɽʵ
ԣ̿ڻش֮ǰֻһż򵥵кĹûи
˵䣬ھʹĴ﷨֮ȡһݵĪӵǰ
ĪҲûпùе򣬽ʶ̽Уٵһеݡ
УһС澭ƷȣʼġľԪŹҲֻܴﵽ꾳磬·͵ɢ޹
ĪĹѾۻ˲٣ܶɢеõĹˣĪʱ룬᲻Щ˹ɢЩһЩɢ޵õӶﵽǵһЩĿġ
˼Īӽе£Ȼʵ֮ǰѧЩйصĶ
ʦǰⴳʱһЩǰֵʴϻۣڹһЩ֪ʶ̹һЩҩݷ֪ʶԼһЩĵ֪ʶˣһλǰ̹ôƣʱ䣬ʦʦֳЦ˵
Īӵ˵ͷȻѧһЩӦöֻǳǳĽӴһ£ܵһЩӰ죬Լ̵һӦûʲô⡣
ˣЩպһ½㣬Ҫȷһ÷۴еСľԪԭľйΪʦ޸֮ˮľ˫Ĺ
ĵϣӦ֮ԼŹΪŹϣǵ꾳֮󣬺ĵ·ҪԼȥ٣ȻΪʦҲһ㣬ҲѡľԪԼһ¡
ĪӵĻ䣬ڱ˵ӼȻ÷ۣȻҪ÷۵ĹӾѡľԪˡ
ѡû˿ԥЦô󾢶ŰݵĪΪʦʱУŹҲһֱûϣʦ֮ʦĹ
ãȴ㡶ľԪܹռĪӵͷڵѡ飬ΪϵŹȷǲô
ĪӾͿʼ˶ڵĵһڿΣľԪݡ
һʱʱ䣬ĪӷĸˡľԪţȷ׵ˣͣȻڽ˵һ
ϵʱԼķУĵø˯žһԵǲϵĽɧš
ʦ֣֪ʦһζڿΣȫˣȻ˳ĿʼľԪЩͨߣ֮ĵһҪʱ䣬һˣҿǸšǵЦݣȴǿĿԽԽŹˡ
ڱǿЩڣ΢ȻС˵ʦ֣ôң
ЩߣҪôʱ𣿡ЩɻĿʵ
ȻˣҲţŻô̵ʱڣɵһˣʦ֣㵱˶೤ʱ䡣
룬ԼʱһʱԬʱҲ̣ܶ񣬰ʱɣ
ǵĻϵЦһҲ˵٣ڵΪ˵ĻпŶȡ
һ仰ڣҲһܻҰοˣܿЦŶ˵ʦ֣ҲţʦĽ̵һȻˡ
ڶ淿еĪӣܹǺڵ̸Ѿ쿪ʼһҪ֪ʲôѼʽĽ
ڶΣڷ֣Īӽ̵ʱ䳤ˣһʱ䣬ȫŵģ֪ʶ
ûеˣھͷֲˣΪĪڽ̵ʱ򣬶̬ȷǳֻҪѧϰĹ֮΢һСĪӾͻһ
γԱȵģʦǣûܵκε𷣣ĪӵĽ̵˾Լȥ飬ĪҲ˿ܡ
ʦƽΪʲôʦôãȴôʦĵӣɲܺ˱ˡֱĪʰһ̲֮סĪӷ˿顣
ûʲôƽʦǲģѾѧյĶʲôᣬֱʦֲô࣬ǾͱڷһЩĪӿڣҲӣԼ֮ߵʵ̫аˣ̵Լȥߵǰ١
ʦܲϢһ죬һ졣Ҳ֪ĪڽԼı£ɲѽһ԰һѵ֪ʶԼЩѡ
ȻУȷɣֻѾɵˣٲڷһ㣬ôܹӭͷأĪЦе˵
ϵЦݣڴ˸ԹԵҲҶĪʲôҪˡ
ŹԹڣĪϵЦһ֮ԶһôҪΪԷԸѣȻбǿľģǶɵɢӣһΡ
֮úõʰ֪ƯĪҲʩˡ


ڶʮ 
ʱһתۣѾʽĪΪʦһˣʱ䣬÷еѧϰ˵ʹš
ÿѧϰ񶼰ŵĺһ춼ûжʱϢ΢߸񣬾̻ᱻĪССĳͷһ£оԼûô۹
ҲףԼѧЩǶԼ½С֮УԼҲԲܵõõĽ̵ҽԼô֪ʶ
Ҳ֪ôĪӽ̵Լʱڴû͵ֻĪӸѧϰʵ̫ˣһʱ֮ЩӦ
ҲǷصѧϰ񣬻俴СǣҲڴĲᣬԼúѧĶһѧͻᣬҺܿգҪĪӽڶΡ
һ£ҲĪӺǵ˵Լʴϻ֮ĻˣΪʱ˽⵽ʦ֣ĪʦҲһţʵ䲢ûбԼ٣Լﵽ񾳽ڣԼĹĪԼƵġ
Ұοˣʦʦλŵѹ£ʱҲʵ˲٣ҲԼʲΪĪӡȣоԼǸ
ʵ˲٣ҲŬѧúõĵһʱ䣬δزܴɡ÷£ĪӿʵʵԼǰϰŷĵڣҲеͦġ
̵ʴϻ۵ĵӣ˸еǳܶһͨҪǿ֮£ͦģЩҪ˵飬⡣
̵ĵӳɲţȻѾЩҲ˶һݳɾ͸Уǽ̵ǵʱûеġ
Ҳܰյ̫ˣ컹ǸһɵĻᣬϢһ졣һеİٻ裬ĪӾã΢һ£ϾҲҪųжȣҶ˵ʵһǱġ
ȵԺɺĪ׼ţȥĳɳа
ڵԸ񣬼֮עֵܰĴһطҪȥˣڻʱĪӼȻΪͽǾһᾡʦΣҪԱ֮Żȥ
һٻĪ΢΢˫ۣ汻ʹУԼ˶˲١
һֱάŴ˵״̬ĪѾЩϰˣܹ΢һʹ˵ɲ١
Ī˫ۣѵõƬʱȴͻȻУȻ˫ۣһУһֻɫֽ״ɽߵŨĪ߷˹
ĪֽסֽףǹϤϢĪֽ֪״˭ˡ
еֽףĪһֻֽ׾лһֽͷһֽϵݣĪ̸ֳϲɫ
հҪ̫ˡ
Դհ뿪Ӱ֮Ѿδˣ˴˼һֱŵҲƵǴӰټѧõϢ֮УĪӾܿհ׵Ϣ
յհ׵ֽ״飬հϾҪӰأĪҲ÷ǳϲ
ڣʱͣˣ׼ˮţʦȥ衣һԵڷԸһ䣬ǻճڣĪӾ͸Ͽ첹һ¡
һ˵꣬Ī뿪÷ۣɽµȴհ׵ĵ
Ϣ̫ˡĪӵķԸظķеıʣȻ߸˵ȥˣ˵ĪӿĲ裬һѾʶˡ
ɽɽ£ûãһҷ۳ĪӵҰ֮УֱɽڵɽϿ֮󣬱ֱ
أ˼Ӱòհ׺ܲ
Ī֣òˣհҲͬվɽǰȴĪӣٵ߹ϴһЦݣĪ˵
֣ܲĪҲ¶Цݣհ׺ܲ˸кȻкɽ
ʱ䲻հȻǰǰ㣬ʱĶţʵѾ˲Сı仯òϿӳһЩ˵ĸо˼ϺͬʱһŷС
Щ仯Īȫе⣬һ֮𣬶ںֵطհûκα仯ǲһ¡
ߵܲû̫ı仯ֻϵϢһЩΪӦ˲١
һɽհ׿ǰϤİĵطһһЦŶĪ˵겻ĪɽǱ仯СȻٹ꣬Ī÷ۣгΪһСŵʸˡ
Զأ˵һ졣ĪЦ˵
ص÷Уûж仯÷ۣհҲĪкֱԼߵ÷£Ȼ͹Ĳ裬һڡ
ĪȽ겻ĪֻϿ÷дһλѡ
հ׺ԵӣĪ棬һóһУһЦ˵ԶһˣΪܵ簡
ǣǴӺȥʳ񶼹ɵģ··뵽Ī÷ûгԵˣЩˣȻ͹ˡհһ˵ţһߴ֮óһö÷
ȫ仯÷հ΢΢һ㶣ĪһۣĪһЦݵԼȻͺĽ˿С
һҧµһ˲䣬հ˫۲΢΢һζ֮ǰˣ̺øǿˣлһصհ׸оԼƺڱϴ
겻Ī÷Ӳˣ÷ζ͹Чˣв鰡
ҪϲߵʱԴһ㡣
ҾͲˡĪӵĻհЦŵ˵ͷ
˾˸ԵĽĪӼ򵥵˵һԼ⼸ľհ˵ĪЩľֻõݡ
ںݵ⼸꣬հ׸ոںվȽŸûжãˮ֣һʱ֮ĺ˿ں󳷣հְֻ֮
ò׽ЩҶȶһ±þʳ֧ԮĴֵˣ˵ʳ֧ԮʱĪע⵽հǹһ˿Ц⡣
Īһ뵽һЩ顣
ʳݵ֧Ԯ˵ܵ˹ͳ˧հ׻Ӱصʱһ˹裬ıĪ񻹼ǵá
ԭһĺøУֻҪûмĻᣬ֮Ҳʲô£ɺݵٴˣǡ
ĪӿǰհףôпЩ¡
հҲע⵽Īӹ񣬻ͷĪһۣȻͷԼʵĪָôң
Ͱ˹ڣϵôĪӴһ˿Цʵ
ȿȣĪֺγԣҺͰ˹ҲֻǼѡ˵˵֮󣬿Īûиıհɫ֣
Ī֣µսЩ
תƻķʽҲ̫Ӳ˰ɣĪԣȻû˵ʲôѾҪ˵Ļ


ڶʮ ģֹ
ݺˮսУʳѾʧҷսǰЩȻȡһСʤҲСȥҪո֮ǰʧأҪʮ֮հױ˵ǻӦģȴĪЦЦı顣
Īӵı飬հҲտڲˣϵĲһڣȻһö÷а棬ȴûгȥ
÷ζ͹Ч˲٣֮Ӧģǲܶˣ̰ͼһʱĿڸ֮÷ҩºͣսҲԻһ¡
ڣܲǵɽĴתתɽй֮󣬷羰ȻˣӴһ£Щ۵ģҲȥϢҵĵǹȥͺáĪתͷһ˵
ܲĪһۣЦŵ˵ͷɽȥĪӺհ׵Ĺϵհһͬˣڿհͷ֮ŷ׷뿪
λǰȸȴǵɽϵͤȻٴȥɽܲˣһһ˵ԶȥԭصĪӺհ׶ˣʱȴͬʱЦ
ڸ˵˵ɣתƻˡĪȿ˵
ȻĪ֣˵ĪֵͲӦȥҪǰټѧɣƾĪֵĴǣڿѾˡߵ뿪֮հ׺ĪӵĽ̸˲٣ȻϻҲˡ
Ī֣ЩԭߵģΪ֮⣬ҲûеڶʵҽЩˡհ׶ϵĲ豭վĿԶ
ҵȷϲϰ˹ˡĪɣ˳һ£ĪӰԼģĪѣҲûʲôġ
ߣŮĽ֮£Ҳʲô˵飬ͬҲûʲô˵ģֻհ׵ݱȽУЩŲ˵
Ӱؼ˹һҾѾϲˣ֪ҺͰ˹֮䣬ʲôȻЩϲҲû뷨
ҲԵ£û뵽ںֺͰ˹ˣ֮ںսгһСּ˰˹Σ꣬ͱԽԽˡ
հ˵Ī̲סˣǰ˹ôǷͬкøС
Ҳ֪ӦãûаɣհԣҡҡصĪӵĶ棬ָޱӡ
հ׵ɫĪӾˣư˹ûŮĺøС
а̾ϢһĪӶû˿⡣
ʳİ˹裬һߣӦڶң˵䲢ʲôΪδкܾãΪϵĽпܳϡ
հΪϵӣѧԨԴѧʶԨмõӼƷͨŮ˵޿޵ġ
ŮȴͨŮӣȻҲѡ£ǹŮޣѡĵҲͬߣܹԼ֣һ·ʵǵĴڣѡͨķˡ顢ټҵΪµŮޣ˵ָ
Ϊհ׵ѣĪӶհһݸ飬ǲôã˼ѣղʲô
ųĬĪӣհ¶ЦݣҲ֪ҺͰ˹ܣǸⶫģҲģֻĪһ¶ѣ֪Լ
Īӵͷհ׵ǳ˽⣬ܹԼԼΪҲ֪ͬԼʲôȫҪԼȰԼֻҪһھ͹ˡ
ҲǳĬʹ˴ס⣬հ׵ܣĪҲ
»ص˺ݷս¡
ǰһʱ䣬ٴСʤһʧСˮĽս֮УˮѾʼܶսˮƺ诡
ԭˮʱʧأҷսںˮĽս֮б״ˣȥҪո֮ǰʧأ¾ͱңңˡ
ȥ񶼣ѲɾȥҪսģĪʵ
ǴˣľеȫҪհ˵
հ׵ĻĪհ׵˼ʵѲɺݵͳ˧Ҫһһٽ֮ǰʧջأ
հûлشĪӣǿĪ˵Ī֣Σɷң
հ׵룬Īüͷһ£һ׼ȥ߹صʱԭȥĵطǺݣϧ֮£ȻȥѪҹأհֶԼ룬ĪЩ̫þܾ
ĪӵĲ̫ȥݣϵˣʱ̶ʹ⣬սһЩӰ죬ҸոͽܣĽ̵ոտʼĪҲʱ뿪
ĬƬ̣ĪӾʵʵĿڵ֣Ҫ˵ǸǰʱһطһֱҪһ˵״̬طɹ֮ǰһĲȥݡ
һ˵ţĪֱӷųԼȫԼֻǿЩɫҲЩ԰ףһ֪
һĻհ׿ЦҡҡͷðˣֻĪһ֮ȴûпĪڵʵڿϧˡ
ĪûڣҲ΢һЩǸ˵ǵڶȥˣϴҵĽ飬ܶҿڣ˵ҿ϶ڵȷ̫㣬ֻܱǸˡ
˻ǸһҲûټ⣬հһȥ񶼣·ӰظŹģԭ̫ͣãֻΪĪӵĽ飬ջ÷һҹĪӽ̸á
հĪ˺ܶԼں⣬Щ⣬ĪȻҲܸܺõĽҲܸհ׳⣬ṩһЩ˼·
ĪӾܾհ׵ٴ룬Ҳ³հҲʾǳ⣬ûΪСӰ쵽˵Ľ飬һҹǰһ̸
ҹʱհ׿ɽϵľ£ԼλֶΣҲоǳľ̾
Ϊ𺳵ȴܲͬһߣȻޣӦеļʶһ㶼١
Ϊĸ֣ܲɽϵ󷨵ʲôˮƽ֪۵ǵǹ⣬ǳ֮
ĪӹȻ̶ʱ䣬Ϊ񾳽ڣ֮ϵ裬Ҳﵽ˵زܲи̾ͬʱҲĪӵĳɳеˡ
һڶĪӵͣһ棬վհ׵ĽǶϣĪӺհ׵Ľ飬һȻΪһЩԭĪӲȥްհףõõĵطҲͬĪӳ֡
һҹհ׵˵ڶһ׼뿪Īһֱհ͵ɽ¡
Ī֣һһμҲ֪ǺʱˣĪֶౣأطɹˣҪתתһҪҡհЦŶĪ˵
ֻûҪҹմȥݣβȥףһ֮ˣ浽˷ǳҪĹͷǵøҴѶʱػǰĪӿհ˵
հԣĵ˵ͷĪһ֮ת˷ۣ뿪Ӱء
ŷԶȥĪȴͻȻһ˿ĸо
ѵִȥܻΣգܲڣӦòɣĪ


ڶʮ հ׳
ߵֱһ׼ԭվһᣬĪӻö̾봫ѶֶΣѾ뿪հһ¡
ϣյĪͻȻѵհףԵܲ˵ĪͻȻУȥ񶼣·ǻ¶ˣҪСˡ
ܲԣüͷȻͷڵʵͻȻĸӦȷҪӣһԸһ´ң·߾ġ
հ׵˵ͷȻĿգתʼ˼ԼܻʲôΣա
Īӻص÷ۣʱ仹ǳ磬ϵȻճС
֮Īӷ֣ں쿴Ծһ㣬ѧϰҲרע˲١
治̫ܰһҪʵķɣѧϰЧѡ
հ׵ǰ÷еˣ˵ĵȻĪӣҪˡ
ǳϲ֣Ҳϲ֣СܹѸٵĺڴܲһСھͺܲһܲϻһݼ˳Ҳһݡ
÷ôˣ˰ĪӺΪʦ֮⣬ڸоɽֵ֮һ죬гʦʦܹ֮˵˵ˣѾһʱоһӷһЩ
һתۣʱȥε֮Уһҷƺࡣ
հ׿·ƺԵһʵ񶼻жԶ
գܵʳ񶼡Եհ׵ʻ̻ش
߾䣬κβԵĵطҪСġֻʣ·̣հײûиеɣ෴øӾˡ
ǰĪӵĴѶհǷǳӵģԸ·⼸ʱ䣬һֱ˾裬ԭ·Ҳ΢ıһ㣬ھѾԶˣǵɲܷɣΪԽǵͷԽ׳⡣
ڿٵǰʻţͻȻ֮䣬հ׿ǰһƬƣڷ۵ǰһ
ͬڷϵܲҲ̲˲ԣµķԲƿʲôӴ
ͬʱܲϵѪѾתΧһȦѪɫĹâԼγһֻ޵ʱ׼Ӧͻ״
۵תƵԱƹʱ֮вûκεĶôɷ˹ȥ
ɽţͻȻоһ˵ΧȻǰȻһڣѾһƬڵİط
εУհһҷۣѾʧˣղǶڣڵӰƮ˳Ϊﵽ񾳽Ĺޡ
ٺ٣ǵӦѾˣǻȥɣЩǵģÿһһƣҪԱƹȥ벻֪Ա߲壬£ȫǲѴ֮һ޿˵
˵䣬ղƵԱߣԭһգͻȻֳڿŻ
Ķѣϣףô׾˲£߰ɣȥ˲¼򵥣ͿɲСһ˵
һ䣬޻źܿʧε֮С
ͬһʱ̣ʳ񶼻ʹУ˻ɫڷǳѿ
ˣȺǰޣ̫ˣĿ֮ɱҲȷɱ˵ģ޲ðЩǰĹȫʬΡ
ǰϣڷһѾ򿪵ţŷͨɫͬʱɢɭɭĹ˿һ۾;Щκһˣŷֽдš
һţȴ˻͵ϣŵݣϸղͨʳȣӦλʳسʧһξãԼ˻ٴܵƣָоǳϲ
վѾ򿪵ţ߳˹֮һصڣһѾûһˡ
˻ʱ¼ݵﳼʧԶӭ˵֮ǰץסԷͼǰȣƺûʲôı仯ϵַɻڣϵҲǳɾûܵʲôŰ
ʵҲȷˣסĵطһǳĵСԺӣԺŻݣһϣڷűīֽ⣬ȫһʿľһ
ŷɵû˿飬ô󷽷ߵǰȻеŵݸ
ȿ
ԣҲûпӹеţٵһ飬Ȼ¶Цݣ˵
˻ʱ¸ҿҪԣȥλسǾвǳ󣬸ɴ׼ֱɱˣҲȥˡ
أǲϲ֮дʵ
Ҷ˽⣬ӦǺߣɱҵġϲŭɫͣ˿ûбı壬ɴЦ˵
ƺ˵Ĳ¹Լ˵һƽƽԼص顣
Ȼ˽£Ӧ֪²ϲܵвܷ뿪һ˵ţ֮Ѿһ˿ɱ⡣
ǻʲô˻ʱ¶ְɣǵõһЩЩۡϵЦɣ˿ûбŵƵ˵
ľô
ǺǣȻڵľأɼܷţԼġش
Ϳ˫һУȻ󻰷һתһţʲôԽҵģ
֮˻ʱ¾ͲҪõʲôϢˣ˻ʱµĴǣѾˣҽ̡תͷĿ͵˫ۣһ˿ûá
˵Ŀһ˼ʱ䣬żڣ֪˱֣ù¸Ӽᶨ˲ܷ뿪ľģ
Ȼ֪Ҳ֪ŵģЩ޷ĻԹ޵Ĺޣǿɲʲô»һ룬׸ƴɡҲ˿õ˵
ԣûп˵ʲôϵǷţת뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪֮¶ЦݣߵԺзűīֽǰ˱ʣֽɷдһ֡

ɽ÷УĪӿǰԳǽӵܵļˣЩصĿڵʧˣܲҲûκϢ𣿡
ǵģĪʳǱѾȷеϢˣǵȷʧˣڻǰĪĪһȥʳ񶼣ս³Խڸָϲȥʳ񶼣ʵ·ʲô£֪ĪǷ񷽱㣿ӵ֮Уһͷ˿˵
Ȼûհķɣ˵Ҳܵ壬ǽĿģǽӵհ׳µϢҪʳ˽ɽϵĸʱûа취Īλհ׵ĺܹæһǡ
ֳ£ȻԹۣǣ÷ۿң˳̵һʦܣΪʦ³ȥһˣ


ڶʮ ǰ
ϣΪһңʵȻǲСģֻΪ˰հںվȽŸϰѰϵĴ󲿷Ͷ뵽˺ݣһʱ֮䣬հ׳֮Ҳûа취һʱϵŻҵĪ
ĪΪհ׵ĺѣհǰ񶼵·ϣ÷ۺĪӼһ棬˵Ľ顣
ĪӺԥĸżϵӵܣ׼һǰʳ񶼣Լյĵӣֻǰæ̵һˡ
ǵΪյ֪ʶ̵飬˵Ǵ´ġ
÷УĪӵ뿪һظĸоĪӲڣǽ̵ԼԼڲرĪյôԺúóȥһˡ
ʦ֣ʦ뿪ˣϵľûˣҪɽȥһ㣬ʦûʲôҪҴģҵʱһڶ˵
ɽڵĻתֱʵ
Ҿǣɽȥ㶫˳ȥתתܻܿᵢεġ¶޺Цݣ˵
Уʦ˵ˣ֮ǰҪ֮ǰ㣬㲻и΢΢üͷ˵
ѽʦ֣ô尡ҾɽȥƷܿͻᵢģʵڲУʦһȥڼȰ˵
Уʦ֮ǰ㲻ɽڼѧϰ˵仰֮ҡҡͷ׼ڼڿΣƾ˵ǲΪ
ΪѾ꾳ǣʱ򽥽ѧŶһˣһȴĪӵУ̵ڿʼ
ĪӸżϵӵܣ뿪Ӱ֮󣬾Żʳ񶼵ķȥ
·ϵĽ̸֮УĪҲʶ⼸ϵӵܡ
ǲǵϵհ׿ûô㣬߱հķɣһ̸ֹҲǷǳ塣
Ϊ׵һˣֽձǽݵһӵܣҪݵһЩˣҲܱݸӵܡ
һʵգǴӺܾǰЧҽϵЩҳĺϵͷǳˣ˵ǽϵӵܣҲûʲô
ձĿУĪӴµ˽һЩհʧٵ
ձ֪Ҳֻ֪࣬հڴĪ뿪֮ڿҪʳ񶼵ʱʧٵġ
ͨʳķȣܹҵʱհʧٵĵطֵܹʱĻ棬ҲΪˣհ׵ڲ˵ʧ٣
ĪͬʱҲ˽⵽հͬģʵˣͬҲһ֮ͶҲı
ǱߴϢһȺΪЩޣҪʲôڻ֪ǰ񶼣һ𣬸ʳӴһ£ҵʧٵˣȻ跨Ӫȡǰʳ񶼵ķϣձĪӰѵǰһ¡
֪Ϣ࣬һǰʳ񶼣ҪҲΪ̽Ϣ
һ֮УĪӵΪߣۼսĪ˿еĴ֣ǰ񶼣Ҳ֮ЩȻĪ
ûЩԭ򣬾ͳĪӺհ׵Ľ飬ȻĪˣϸҲҪĪӵġ
ޣй޲֣Īüͷ
ڹûʲôøУΪĹޣûκһøеģΪȽϵ͵ʱ򣬾޺ˡ
ǰ֮ҲдĹޣЩ飬Īֻ뽫ǳ֮죬ձһ˵ޣĪ̾뵽ǰ
ĪӾͨټѧõȡĸϢȻ÷У⼸ɽƵԽԽ٣Ƕʱ·Ĵ£Ҳ˽ġ
Ϊ۽粻ϵߣõϢԽԽ࣬ĪӸһ飬Ǿǰ˼ĹеˣЩǰĹޣʵһġ
Ȼ߶ǰǻ֮ϵȴ࣬Ҵʱ˼ЩǰԼЩƲ塣
ΪЩ޵磬һЩ⼿ֶαȽϲ̣ȻһɲСȷʵ̫ˣЩǣһ𣬷ǸٵĴҵ
ȻƲĺ壬ô˵ˣϾЩ̫ɵ£ЩɣǾͷˡ
ò˼գʳԴ»ʵǻ֮󣬶ڱ߹սʿӢĵһ뷷ҪʼˣЩʱհ׳֣ѵƻ뷷⣬Ӧò˲ǰɣĪвЩ޵ĿģԼ²ȷĿԲ
¹ر߹ЩսʿӢİãǰҪ٣ҲӦڹϣƻ飬Ļŭ˱߹صĽʿЩսʿļˣǵĸٴҵͿԾʹ˴סˣĸҲŹǡ
ǲǱɷ׵ǣϾһε뷷⣬ȻڹϣɳĴ£Ҫ׶Ͼ˸ٵĴҵ𣿡һ֮أǰһڵ˵
ڵ֮УĿγһ棬һںڣ¶һ԰ݵĹޡ
ʵĻҲûֻϸֳһ˿Цݣ󻺻˵İɣûô뷷ϸʲôģֻᣬǰŪ
ߣô𣬿»ĿİɣǷݶطӦñƵĲ˰ɣԣһ˵
Щ޵ĻĲԾţһԴģЩôģǰˣͬվڵڶʳߣΪ˹֮ѾʼŤˡ
ǵȷε飬ԿܲܰЩصƳֻһ˳ĿģҪĿĻΪ˸ٵĴҵĹ޼˵
һ𣿡ޱ˵
಻ţⶼ޹ؽҪҪѾʼˣǾͲͣĹ¶Цݡ
ңҾӦ֧ǣϾЩޣΪʳĸٴҵŬ˵𣿡
ŴԣҲûпڷΪԷ˵仰ȷе
ȻЩʱЩЩǣıʲôҪǿ
͵ǻ֮ΪȻʵ뷷⣬ЩǰĽڣһϵоٴ룬ȴǵԭڴĴʱû֮ڶ෴ʧ˲֣Ҳˡ
ϣʳҪһε뷷⣬һ֮ǰʧȴƫƫóֹҪǵȵʳһĻȶǵĳһЦ
ʱЩ޳֣ܸһЩ鷳
ôԼ֪㻹ʲôԼ֣ҪɵĿģ֪ͨһɣ֮⣬ʱ価ҪϵˣǶǵ𡣡Ĺٴ𣬻˵֮źŤһ£ʧˡ


ڶʮ ʳ
߰ɣ￴κζڷϣĪʶΧɨһȦ֮󣬶ߵձ˵
λã֮ǰհʧٵλãǰʳ񶼵··רͣһ£뿴ܷ﷢ЩʲôȻһ
ձԣĵ˵ͷȻڿһָ⻮֮һɫĹߣָͨ۳һöķģȻֵû֮С
ĪӿձͶȥѯĿ⡣
Ǳһλõɢޣ꾳õСͨӰ׷ѾĳǱѾһöǣǵʱѰҡձĪӽ͵
ȻʳķҲͬЧʱ˸ԸŵģǾԼ֤֮Ľ
Īӵ˵ͷûټ˵ʲôжڽϵȴ˸һʶΪһĴ壬˱ʵ֮⣬۴ڵĹϵҲ֮
ͨС£ҲԿ϶հ׵ʧǷǳӵģǲܱߵӵҵĪհ׵ĺѣǰȥ̽Ϣ˻ѰҺͽհס
ۼǰУھ֮Īӵ˽˻ʳݵķΧ
ڻʳݸ֮УݲǷΧģҲԲΪģ㲻ΪŨһݣҪһݡ
Ϊӵ֮ʼأϢĵط˵ء
ʼƬؾģĽѾǳˣȴûκεطܹȡݵĵλ
ڵһʳ֮ǳʱ䲢սʱڣйҵĿ꣬ҲʶݣܽԼĹȽ
ڽݵķΧ֮Ī̾ͲΧǿķָ֮оͺԼʱڱһֻ۾ţ̽ȫµÿһܣĪӸоǳĲϰߡ
ݣǻʳ˥֮ʣ֮ҲȻɭϡĪа뵽
ĪǰһΣǾͲܼˣҪߣݣҲ͵Ѿ񶼣һ·ͣһʱ䡣ձվĪӵߣĪ˵
ԭĪͬУһĿľ·ϻʲôΣգһλֻͣһ·ȴǷƽ˾ûκεΣգ˳ľͽݡ
ӦõģʲôҪҳֵĵطҿĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ۼǰ˲Զ˾ͻȥڷ֮ǰĪѾ˲Զһʵĳǽ֪ѾԶˡ
ʳݣֻһУǾǻʳĶǣ񶼵ռ˴ݵ
أĪӵ˿ʼǰУһ·ϣĪӲסĴԵľ
ݣĪȻû鼮֮УжݵҲٲ˹ڻʳ񶼵
ĪӽЩеԼľһһлһЩġ
עΧĻĪӷݾڵǳŨˮƽݻҪǿһЩƺ̫Ծһ㣬ʩչһͬݱطҪѾܶࡣ
ĪӦǵһݰɣأҲǻʳĶǣȷǳɭϣɭϵķ֮Ӱ£ΧͲôԾˣﶯ֣Ļطһ㡣ձƺʲôһһ߶Īӽݵ
ûãĪӾͿԶʵĳǽԼǽĳţƾĪӵĿźԶĪӾͿڳŵϷд֡
ӭţĪ˳
ϾҪˣĪ֮ǧҪʹù֮ûԪϵΪҪڻʳڹᱻɵġžǰձֶĪһ䡣
ձѣĪӶЦŻشס
ڽʳ񶼵ĸּɻ䣬ĪѾˣǰӭţĪҲһЩ˽⡣
ʳ񶼵ķţĵطǳн
ͱ˵ķ֮еӭţسǵĲǾеĽʿǰټѧõѧӡ
ӭڽ֮ʱǰټѧһִģ칤ѧƣټѧɹͬ˵ǻۣ޽ӭš
Īӵ߽ǰԿվڳſڵģȫһЩʿİټѧõӡ
Ȼ鱾֮Ѿ˽ӭŵһЩĪӻǲĴ
ĪĿЩʿİټѧõɨ䵽˸ߴĳǽϣųǽϵÿһש
˽Ĺ۲죬Ī̿壬ǽÿһשǰ͸ģ͸˰͸ש壬Կÿשͷڲƺһһ顢һҳֽһһƤƤ
ĪĿⶢеһשƺ͸˰͸שı棬зֽϵݣһױʫĪǰ
ڿʫͬʱĪҲоǽǹѹһ̶ȵһֻ̣ǰһߴĳǽһƬޱ޼ʵɽ
ӭĪпյĻԾÿһש͵ǻ۽ᾧȻשʯָ಻ԭߵ漣Ҳǰټѧø˵飬ֵ￴ĪӵĿþͣЩ͸ĳשϣһԵձٴο˵
ԺлģȽǰɣĪձе˼ԼӦþˡ
ſڰټѧõһ̲֮Īӵ˲˳ĽУҲձ˽ӵܵݣ̲ܵȽϼ򵥡
ձˣھӭţʽ̤񶼺Īӵһۿģǰһ޼ʵĽ
Щķ죬徳еطĽ񣬶ڻʳҵЩθɫĽҲûи񶼴ҵĸоΪĵƣ˸оãһֺɰٴĹС
Щ룬ĪӿһƬɢŽĵشҪʶĪӾͿĸоһϺ嫵Ŀⶼֱӡ
Ǳ߾ǻʳĻʹʳ֮һ֧ŵ㣬Ҳ巨֮ΪŨĵطձĪ߿˵
Īȥҽ񶼵ĵطţϢһ£ĪĴ֮ȥҲΪһ¡

£ϵѾ񶼡ʹ֮Уһǰ
ߵͣסϵĶȻ󻺻̧ͷ˵Ȼҵ˶ѾˣǿൽգҾͻȾһһ£ʱӹעҪ£Ǿȵһȣǣȵ뷷֮󣬹²ŻǼ棡
ǣԣĵͷ
ˣЩ֣µͷղĹֺĵһ䡣
ءĶǴļҳһΪƺֻ񾳽硣̻ش
񾳽磬ϸ˵˵û̧ͷȴ
Էոսǣݻڲ飬ֻ֪ĪӣӰصĵ١
ĪӣЩ졣ԣ΢΢һ˵


ڶʮ Ҿ
ҹĪ񶼵һֵϣһλϵӵܣĪϤʳ񶼡
񶼵ҹĪ֮УҹһƬƻͨľǡǡ෴ҹĻ֮ʱĻʳǣͷ·һһũˣž׵ҹʼĳߡ
ڻʳ񶼵ĽֵϣĪӵĸо羵˾̾죬ҲǰַΧһֳϢȴʷĺظС
ϵӵϸĽܣ֮һͨĽֵڶԷĿҲǴŹ£ƽһשһߣһһòƽ
Ķǣ֤Сǿ󣬼֤ʳ䣬δпܼ֤
񶼵ĽֵϣĪûмߣͨˣͰټҵѧӣȻҹʱ򣬽ϱûжˡ
ڲǿķ֮£ڵĲ࣬ǴɳڵߣÿһǸ֣񾳽µġ
һҹĪӶλӵܵͬ£ڻʳ֮ÿһƲ۵ĵطĹ¡
һֱڶ̫һ죬񶼾ͺ񳹵׵ѹһ㣬ʱĪ˲ŻȻԭһҹʱѾڲ֪ˡ
ĪӿŸԼһҹλˣԴǸЦ˵˼û뵽֪䣬һҹʱѾȥˣҽһҹ
λϵȴЦҡҡͷĪˣʵƽգҶЩǳȤҲûԸҽôʱ䣬ĪҽһҹҲʱţûһ˵ôʱĻ
ĪӿԷı飬ȷû˿Ĳãоһ˿죬֪ԷԲ飬ϲЩʽĹ£ҲԸ⽫Щºͱ˷
պŽЩһ飬ӦûϲĪӼ˵
ҲôġҲЦŵͷ
ˣҲûмڳǻص˽񶼵ĸۡУĪβǳѰʧٵհף죬ͬӵʧٵءҺͽϻһͷ飬ĪҪȥ
ĪӻصϵլʱÿձͼſڵȺΪ׵ȴձ󣬶ҽڻʳ񶼵֮ˣһλ൱񾳽ߣѧҲǰټֽ֮ء
Ī˻Լĺ룬Īӿ˵ʱءҵϾ͵£һһһءҵˡ
Īԣ˵ͷȻľվȺ֮Уȴżءҡ
ءңеؼңǵλͽ޼һλңеʱҲ࣬ңǴӵһʳĴ壬ȻǹңǵҲ˿
κհһͬʧٵģҵҪӵܣλհڽеҪԲࡣ
ĪվſûеȴãͿһȺ˲жǰǼλߣӦþءҵˡ
߹һȺˣǰӭк֮󣬽˴ĸۡ
֮УĪӵĿȴȺ˵ϣ˵ʵ̫׼ȷΪҲֻݱȽᣬʵ仹֪жأ˴ΪĪӾǵӦСˡ
ע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬ҲͬʱĿͶĪӣڿĪӵΪֻ񾳽֮ҲûκӣǵͷĪӴк
ĪӼ״ҲͬͷǻӦ
֮ԶĪôΪλĸ֮ǰѾ֪һЩĪӵϢ
ΪһҲ̸ĪѪҹزμӹҹҵľҵӣҽϵʵҲһ˹
븮֮ۡбһ£ȻຮѽһȻҲ˵⡣
ƽҲͬ飬һΪܹ֮һʧٵӵܣԴõʲôϢǲ˴˻ͨʲôõİ취Ҳһжڻܹ֮ȿ˵
ԣǽҾڴ˴ĿģҲ˷ʱˣֱ˵һյɡؼҵصĻָһԼĺ룬Ȼֱӿżɽ˵
Ѿ빬ݼ˻ʱ£֪뷷֮ǰ˻ʱ²ǣ˻ʱõϢЩѡ
µҲ˵һε뷷䣬Ȼֻʱ䣬ȴܾôţӵʧѾȥʮգȥʡ
λԣǴ֪ݣв鵽һЩϢؼڵ
صĻءҵ֮˶һۣȻһ˵ͷ
ȷ֪һϢͨʳȻݵʱĳӵܱĵطһ²⡣
δ
ڤ
һԵĪڤֵʱвɵһ
ڤûȥʱֻ÷Ĵ£ڰȫ΢һ£֮Ϊ÷ĸ룬ĪҲûȥڤˣҲʺǰڤ
ĪЩŵǣԪɾ£ڤǻ˵ĽأҲֻ룬ܴһڤڣհǿǻŽڤġ
¶⣬Ԫɾ£ܹѪ֮ڤҲȫûУͱ˵ĳЩСͨĸ壬Ǿⷽ
ܷȷ𰸣ûʲô̫ķӦǽʵ
ȷ鷢֮ʱڤеһλϴżѪӦ֮йһŵķӦҵλµ˵
Էش𣬲Ϳ˵ȷհĵطڤ֮С
ǿѰؼʵ
ȻѰˣϧ޹ڤޱߣ䵽Щ޵Ҫҵǣһ¡λҵ߼˵
Īһ˵ͬʱпʼ˼
ڿȷհЩ޵УӦڤֻûа취ҵ
˻뷷֮ǰ׼ҵˣ̬ȷǳԣ˵ˣЩı飬λʳ뷷йأ˻ʲŻѡܶ
뵽Ī־ЩԾ뷷Իʳͬһ㣬Σ˻ҲΪЭģЩץհ׵ˣƺҲ޼°
뷷⼸ˣ˻ʱ¼Ȼ׼뷷֮ǰǣʱҲֻԼˡ
ҵ˼ǣڼ˻ʱ֮ǰϸڤ֮еܵѰʧٵӵܣܹҵһеȻòĪ˼ŵʱҵҲ׼ˣ֮˵
Ҵʱãڤ֮еҲǿڶԷ˵仰֮ҵҲͷûм˻֮ǰĿǰҲֻˡ


ڶʮһ ͬ
ءҺͽϾһһ֮󣬺ܿʹһ£׼뷷֮ǰȶڤ֮еܷѰ˿Ȼٵȴ뷷һ˻ʣЩ޵к
ڤޣطʦԼķ֮УĪĿֱǰǽڣ³⼸֡
ĪеǰҲкüˣرӰһκ͹𣬻ĪնɱģԼλʩչĶطĪ¡
Щ޵Ŀģ˼ĳЩıӦû뽫ʦЩƳ뵽ǷݶطĪоͷ
ܶȡλаЩȴȱʩĿ꣬ͬҲڵڶʳĲȻܶԵڶʳ֮ͥе֣ڵϪˮӦڤͥĬͨɱӺôһЩ̫顣
ڶʳ鲻ܶһʳʱھͻ뷷飬٣ÿһҲǲĴڣܹǵģԵʳ뷷Щ飬õĿˡ
ϣʦǲɣͨһ㣬ĪЩ÷ˣôûм÷ĪȻǳϣϣ÷йصϢ
ϣ⼸ʱ䣬ڤܴϢ
ʱһתۣ͹֮ʱУĪһֱڽϵĸۡУһζûгȥעŸִڤϢ
ĪӺһڴУ˴˼䶼û˵ֻĿȫ⡣
ʱձ˽ˣձЦҡҡͷ
ǱЩˣˣ˸գ˵ط֮ûзκ˿
ĪӺԣ˶û¶κı飬ΪͬĻձѾǵһ˵ˡ
ʱ䣬ءҼϽϣ˸ڤ֮еĴѰհ׵˵ټͬʱҲעЩ޵ټ
һ񣬶ջ񣬵ջ񣬺һҲûʲô
ǰ޵ټԶһЩȴҵ֮󣬷ЩѾӰڤһЩطǾȻʧٵӵлϵƷȻһЩΪĸ֣׽һЩʧԱϢ
ɵ׷ȥ֮󣬽ȴһգҵֻһƬ鲼м֮Ķ
ѾҪ˵ˣЩڹʲϷˣҡ
Īվ뷷䣬֪ɷͷһ£ձ˵֮زûתͷĪ˵
뽲Ī˵
Īһ£Ϸһȥμ뷷䣡س˵
Īԣûԥص˵ͷһͬǰȥ
лܹѣʵһ£ĪӸɴĴӦزɶĪӵͷ˵
յ뷷䣬ûϲμӣͬءҲ֮УҪμӣȻǵİ취
˻Ѿ˵ˣ뷷ǰˣϵڣҲѾĵĲˣԼҪӵʧ٣ѰôҲûʲôҲֻܼϣܴ˻õЩȷϢ
ϾʧٵˣҵҪӵܣͬʱǻʳһ֮ΪΪʳ¶ѣʳһʾûУһϢ͸¶Ҳưոݡ
Ҫ£һ̶ڸ˻ʩѹ˻͵ķУĪӲǽϵˣհѵݣԸ˻ˮͷǳѵˡ
ڶ죬峿̫ûĪѾһ뿪˸ۡŽ뷷ĵطȥ
ߵʱͣһ£ءҵ˻ϡ
֮˶ˣءҵ֮ߣҲ֮ǰĪӼĴ֡
Ҿһ𣬻˸кһͬǰ뷷֮أܿ͵Ŀĵء
һǳׯµĹ㳡Χɭϣһ岽ңһеļʿЩʿߴ޵ɱѿһ֧֮ʦ
ĪصߣһλվȻͿ½½дŹٷĳԼߡ
ǻʳ񶼣һλߡĪһߴЩһ߾̾ǳĻʳԱûκһߣҲ൱ڵľ硣
ЩĳڿվĪӵ֮󣬴߿˼ۣȻѡ޶ãûĪӵˡ
ɫԽԽʱ򣬳˻֮⣬Ӧõ˶ѾˣѾ׼˫ߣʱ׼ʼ
һʱ̣ĪһصĽŲ뻮һתͷһͿһȺ׵ļʿ̧һͭ޹ףһ߹
صĽŲͷ·һĵ㣬˵Ŀ⣬ЩŲҲĹ
ˣˣ
һĪȻоһֱ׳𣬲ڵ˺ܶ࣬ԸдûԵô
أأ
ʱƵĺ룬ղֱ׳Уһ˲ͷ·õһִսٵظС
һ絶ʵһսɱĳ棬ͽڳ˵Ժ֮С
֡Ӣ顷
Īûȴ֪ӣ֮һרΪ߹սʿӢڵڶʳĳڣһֱ
ڱ׳У̧ͭ޹׵ļʿһ߽Щʿ·ߵĪǰʱĪſԭЩʿĺ棬һЩˡ
ںЩ֮Уһۣˣ̾ĪӵĿ⣬ϵѾĪݡ
Ȼ»ʵĵǻʱͨʳķȣĪӿ˻ʵĴӣʱ򿴵ĻݲôڲĿ˻͵ĳࡣ
˻͡ĪӿĿбӣׯ£Լǰ߹ͣ뵽
ͭ޹ױһ̧ǰڵָλ֮󣬼ʿͭ޹׷£Ȼ˵ࡣ
ҳǣԡѪ߹أὮƽӢ룬Ե𲻶ϣࡣ⣡
ͭ޹صһ̣ٵҲ֮Զþõڳлص
ٵǿͭ޹ףɢͭɫĹââ֮л۳һ档
սʿӢ꣬ĳһƬڵĿռ֮Уׯ£·ڵȴŽĺ
˻ǰһĿ⿴ڵĿռ֮սʿӢֱ꣬ó
ܣٰƷںսǰս׿սͣ뷷λλš
𣬹ٰƷںսǰս׿ͳз뷷Ʒλ
˻ʵƬڵĿռ֮УһЩӢһ⣬ʼλ
ԣôֱӿʼ뷷ˣмʡʽŶЩѾϽӰĪڣڳ󲿷жɻ


ڶʮ Ե
֮񣬴ʱ򲢲뷷ĳϣȴһ׾̶ʽ
ͱ˵뷷䣬˱;ڣֱӿʼ뷷⣬ȻЩϳġ
ȻҲǲУ뷷ͷϷ뷷⣬ʽһЩֻҪ³򣬴Ҳܹġ
ٰݰƷУξսͣηնɱ壬뷷Ʒ飬š

սʿӢ꣬뷷⸣˰𹩷ڤ֮дլʳȼСοڽʿ֮
˻Ը彫ʿӢ갲Ϣ
˻һ仰ʱ򣬴ʱʱѾһʱ֮ˣھ뷷ĳϿգһЩɫ뵵µ˵÷ǳͣҲ뷷䣬һĸо
Ը彫ʿӢ갲ϢڳĪڵˣȫһͬʱ˵
ɲǣǿͭ޹ףɢĹâ˲ø貣ԭͭɫĹâ˿̸һɫһԵļʿ״ǰһƴͭ޹׵Ĺ׸ϡ
⼸ʿ׼ͭ޹׵Ĺ׸Ǵ򿪵ʱѾ뷷˻ͣʱȴߵʿԣҲִͬ˹׸ϡ
³δ뷷ֱʣ¾ʽΪܵ뷷ĽʿԹΪսʿӢס
˵ţϾͿʼʿ״Ҳͬʱͭ޹׵Ĺ׸Ǵ򿪡
ڹ׸Ǳһ̣ɫӵ֮УΪһӰھ뷷ĳϿվһƬƬصϿա
ɣԸڽʿӢ꣬ٵ𣬴λʳ뷷ûκβĽˡ
Īתͷߵһۣص˵ĿҲڱ˴˶Ҷ˶Էе˼
뷷ˣӦȥ˻ͣҪһˡ
ʱһźͻȻƾճ֣ȻתŤţ·һڵŻһ㣬ͷУҴдһ
ȹޣϵӢڤϢؿţǰӭӡ
𣬾һʯͷͶƽˮ棬˲伤ǧ
˻ͻûʲôӦвμ뷷ĳȴը˹
󵨹ޣȻڻʳ񶼲񣡡һλվǰʳϳǰһںǳһ˲䣬һͬʱŹͺľը졣
ȣõһλɫĳָٵڿлգ֮䣬һƪʫľָдɣһְɫգɢųҵİ׹⣬ڵŻȥ
ʣµЩȻҲںǳ⣬λˣҲûм֡
ҵֻǰӭһսʿӢ꣬ûʲô˼ϾҵȹޣǰҲ尡ȻôǾ͸ˣֻһ䣬ͣɣǵŻ֮Уһ
ֻ֮תŻͱղųֵλɢˡ
ҲΪŻĹûмάֵ뷨ԶԷ֮пŻҲͬάŻ׵Ĵɢ
Ȼ뷷֮󣬻ʳ⼸˲٣»ʳķ֮ò׻ָٴ½ȻЩʱûһڤŻ
·֮ܽͣڴһڤŻҲԲһ򵥵¶λҪôΪͨ죬ҪôһЩֶΣΪòЩ̫ˡǵڵŻɢĪ뵽
ڻʳ֮пһŻֱڳʳЩʳĹԱʱÿһ޹⣬ȻоΪ۵ģӦûҪ˻͡
ĪӽĿת˻ͣȻԷɫǳѿۿŸղǵŻĵط
ʱ򣬳Ī֮⣬ܶҲĿͶ͡Ŀע£ԭķŭıƽΪʱܱŭͷԣ˻ʣǾҪ˻ʵȡ
ںܷŭʳ񶼣Ȼ޿һڤŻ뷷ոսؼʱ䡣
սʿӢ껹ǻûǰڤϢ²ϣոյõ뷷⣬ЩΪͷ­ѪĽʿӢܵΣա
ջʳϣսʿӢܾˣǹ֮ҲǶ䳯ʧְ
ʧְڳе䳯˵ĳϻŭݡ
ʳصأЩ޿һŻȷһǳΣյ£ֻһ󲻻ٷҲҪòȵİ취
ڽʮ֮У»ʳķ֮ûа취ָ۷ʱΪÿ궼Ҫһ뷷⣬ֲȻʱ뷷ΪƷӰ졣
ڷ֮޷׻ָʱ䣬ҪµֶΡ
㵱ȻʧְҲʧְȻʧְǾͱҪдȾֲ©Ϊ˻ʣԷһգ糯֮ǰκ˲ô˵꣬һٿŻʳķ֮֮иոջ뷷彫ʿӢ뿪ȻͷҲصľߡ
⣿ءҵЩɵˣĿͶԵأҲͬЩɵۡ
ðŲϧ˻ͲõķգŽմ˻һͻȻôһ¡
˻ͷϣѾ׼ԷһգʱȥǾЩˡ
ʱȥùͷǵ˻ͣҾĳҲ˳ᶼˡ
Ȼȥɣȵȥ˻ʣ£ȥѾˣ̾һȻءҵ˵
ȷˣҵһһȥءҵ˵ͷҲص˼ڵȷ̫ȥ˻ˡ
ڻȥ·ϣĪһֱĬ˼Ž顣
ʵ˵ʱЩ£ÿһĪӵԤϡ
ԭĪӾã뷷֮ǰǰǳİ֣ЩǰĹޣƫƫʱһЩ
ĪӴ󵨲²⣬Щ޵Ŀ֮һƻ뷷䣬ֱ뷷Щ޲ж
񣬵ʼջûԽ̵ĵߡĪӸоЩھڵ裬ıԵ̽ԵȻǻʳһ񣬿ܻ᳹׵ŭ
뵽ЩޣĪ뵽˽͵ı֣˵ıжôİоΪ˻ʣڵʱĴʽǱȽصģûнԼĻǽɻѹȥʵ֤ŭѹȥ𷢳ЧҪõö࣬ڽ䳯ܿͻóһ֮Чֲİ취
Ī뵽ͣʱѾص˻ʹɫѿһǰ߽䲻ĹȻߵ߷Ը
ţȥҪڣ糯֮ǰҪŹ£


ڶʮ ¼ҹ
ǣ
͵ķԸ֮ߵߺͻ뿪˹˳߳ȥʱĴŹϡ
ЩߺͻûиԶȫſڵţʱ
ֻʣԼΧһӱðĿ⿴˹֮еһ
ϵݣһλͦεĽڼףһսꪣ²һ߾޴ʬ壬беļˣмɺѪҺڵ䣬ͬʱĿǰϵǹɱͺ飬ڻϱչֵ쾡£·Ȼд֡
հټѧɵı׼ܹƵһȴʲô֮
Щʲôص㣬صǻϻˣѾսԨ׷ԨΪһ죬ΪԨĻżһ
ߵǰ;ôվǰĿƺںͻе˶ӣ˺һӣƵĿڡ
֣չٴˣ£ˣ£Ҳò£Ϊ˻λϣ²ܱԼϲŭҡ
˵仰ŻеˣͻȻһ˿Ц⡣
ǻ㣬Բ𷴻ЩΪĹ޸ۣŻʹ죬£Ҳ
³Ĭȥϵһ˿ЦҲˣֹ˺һӣٴ
£ҲЩǰۣ²ܣΪһʱ裬ЩǰץסκλᣬҪǸٵ룬Զֻ룬ҪһĽǳ
ЩΪĹˣ˼Щǰˣڤ
˵ٴֹסԣôǰûаĻ˵ЩûߵıҪá
ͻȻĸʣڸλʮʱУߺûκˣźߣҲ˺üλ˱ԽԽϣͬʱҲԽԽоС
룬ЩϺ;УܸΪ˻ʵĹ¶
ʱһţ;ôһվǰֻżգһµ۾˵ڲվ﷢
ڤǱһջˣŽЩ޲֮ʣҵһ޵Ĳܻ֮˼ޡϵĸ֮ۡУձ߽ڴһϢ
ãȺĹޣץǵβͣɴǼ޿ʳЩʲô𣿡ĪһȲ裬ձϢ¶ЦݣȻ׷ʵ
һԵĪҲһ˿ϣȻհǻôױҵץޣ˵ܴǵϲ鵽һЩ
һջ񣬿ȷϹǶţڵںδǼ޾Ĳ֪ˣҪѰҡձ˵
žͺãϢء֪𣿡¶һ˿Ц˵
ءҲӦյϢձ˵ͷ
ĪҰһˣգս֮һ£ǱʲôµϢҲ̲֪ͨĪ֮»תͷĪ˵
ȥæǣҲȷҪһ񶼵ľ£ʲôõõĵط벻ҪĪ΢Ц˵
ս֮ǰλϵӵܣظղŵĻѾȥ˻ͣҪĪӸһȥˣսĪ
ĪһιҪǰæģհ׵ĺѣԽ˵վҲֻǸˣʱǿĺá
ûмٴأĪӰصİţʱţսͬ£ȥ񶼵ľ¡
ʳռݴĽҪ߹ÿһأҪѲٵʱ䣬սĽʽǷǳϸµģÿһ˵Ĺ¡
ҪٶȣĪ뽫񶼳׵һ飬ҪµĹ
ձڴһϢĪ˽⵽հ׻ǰȫģʱĪ»㲻
ɫʱĪӻص˽ϵĸۡУҹľѾһˣٿڶΡ
صΪԼŵСԺУĪڴϣı˫ۣ뵽ڤ״̬
ʱ䣬ĪӷԼƺѾһƿķѾԽԽС
ԴԴط֮ɹ֮ǰĪӲͻ磬ȴһ̶ûֹͣٶȷǳ졣
֮ڵٶô죬ʵҲж෽ԭġ
ĪӼʶԽԽ࣬ԭġľԪϵĽŻŹԽԽͬʱҲĪԽԽϣȻЧͱøˡ
λⲿԭԭ޵ĵ޸֮󣬱սŨĪɽϲ󷨣ǳ֮ɽøӳԣĻȻҲ
÷һЩԭ÷ΪλԵѾԽԽ죬ÿʱÿṩǳ֮ĪӺʱʱ÷µķţ÷ɳޣ÷ЧԽԽǿˡ
ĪڵΪ÷Ҳܴ͵̺ǳ֮Īӵܲ졣
ټѪҹصջһĪڲʱУ͸оƺѾҪˡ
תڵĪ֪͵ԼΪóһµʱˣûɹ֮ǰԼĥʱ䡣
һҹʱ䣬Īӵ֮УϢĹȥˣڶ컹ûĪӾͳסСԺԺУʼΡ
ϸŵԺӻ㰲ԱߵСԺһξ룬ĪҲصԼŵˣȵĻڣ֮ۡе˶Ѿˡ
⼸ʱ䣬ĪѾˣΪĽϣкܶѵļҷ磬ֻ֮еһۡļҷҲȻûзɡ
ÿϣ̫ʱ֮ۡеˣǽϵӵܣЩˣȫ׼ʱʼһæµѧϰ
ۡеһЩСԺʱᴫʵ䳡Ҳ
ʻ飬ƽ뵡һЩСԺ֮дԼĶʱĪҲպýежĻڡ
ʼСĪӳУʼѸٵĸۡøÿһ˶š
ҷ׷ͣеĶŶߴжĶԡ
ո׼ŵأŲո̤ſڣҲжһͣס˽Ų¶Ҫ죬Բûԡ
߳ۡһ̣оȻЩᣬҪжĳ嶯
ǹӵѣλĪǲ򵥰΢΢ҡҡͷѹеֲᣬͷһ۸ۡȻŤͷŻʹķȥ


ڶʮ Ӳ
һνĪֻԼƽϴʹУҲ֮࣬о״̬ǳĺá
Ǵ÷񶼵Щ죬ĪĵһΣûʲôǳر򣬵оȴЩ΢ͬ
Īֹͣڸ֮ۡеˣҲȫعĿⶼĪסСԺ
²Ҿ֪˭λĪɡ
սϵĸ֮ۡȻҲߣǵʵЩϵӵҲʱ򣬿ûĪ
Īν֮󲻾ãսĪӵԺӣĪڳսĪ֮󣬵һ仰Ц˵øۡе˶ŵȫУڽ֮ã˵Ǹˡ
ƽɽΣжһ⼸뿪÷ۣûнÿΣһʱȷʵЩԣϣûдŵҡĪԣ΢Ц˵
˵ЦˣĴţҲ֮õġսҲЦŻش
ϣҴȥһطʱǾͻصǸʱ򣬻ʹ֮ӦþϢˡ
սİţĪӵ˵ͷ˾֮ۡȥһ·ϣ˶ʮֹĪӴкȻ֮ǰЩ˶ĪҲǳò˽ϣҵ̬Ѿ˹
սһ񶼻ûȥĵطһʱոյ磬˾ͻص˽ϵĸۡոһţĪӾ͸ӦءλֵϢ
ѾˣءҵҲһˣ֪ûеõҪĴ𰸡Ī
ŲĪŴķȥոߵſڣ˽̸ͣ£Ȼ󼸵Ŀ䵽Լϡ
ĪãϿص𣬶Īк
Ī߽֮УִھȻˣءҵ˺λĸ֮⣬صߣһĸߴݿǳˡ
ĪĿ䵽Ǹ˵ϣɵ΢΢һӶԷϣܵһ޵в
ĪĿ⿴Ǹ˵ʱǸͬʱҲڿ˵ĿǳڿĪʱ΢΢ǰ㣬ȻûбֳκεĶ⣬ǳڱܵϸ΢ӦԿԷһԼߵˡ
޸֣Īڴ֮̾жϳԷһޣӦ־ΣյĻ֮УΣĥԼĸ֡
Īһ£ǼѰӵģոյ
λǹӵĺĪˡȶĪӽһλˣͬʱҲĪԷһ¡
ĪӣǰĪӶһֱԾӡ
ΪǰޣʵȷҪ֮ϣĪĿǰд֮УԷʵǰС
ĪˣһѱǣλöлĪǰλվͬĪӻһ˵
ڻ֮ĪҲԱ£Ȼ»ص⡣
ĪӸոջصҲ̤븮ۡãʽĻ⻹ûпʼ˶ڣص֮ˣȰѽʹ֮˻õϢʹ˵һ¡
˻ʱԣЩ޵ĿģҪǰϣǷҵ˿Ӧò١
˻ʱ½ҲӦҵȣᾡȫѰʧٵӵܣ⣬˻ʱ²ûзϵĴ㡣˵꣬ĿͶءҵˡ
ءҵ˼״ؼҵ˿ڵҵȸմӻʹ֮зأյ˼ǱߵϢЩְͬݵţ͵У˵ҪһҵӵܣҪǰϾȳ
˵ĪӶҵ˽õϢѾ֪ˡ
˵֣ĪҲ˵˻ʸոռλʱȻʱ뷷ΪƷ飬ʹûʳ˴Ҳǰû
ʳĴ𰸣˵Ȼʱ뷷ΪƷ飬ǰڴר˵һˣϡ
ʱټѧôĪӵϢУҲ˵Ĵ½ܣһλŻ磬еλʿ黭֮ϵ輫ߡ
֮ĪӾû˵κϢˣĪӻΪѾˣڿԷúúõġ
һ£Ӧô죿չ˻ʱµ̬ȣҪͷϣҵӵܣ·ºеͨƻҪ취ؼ˵꣬һҵλҲˡ
˻ʱǱߣҵȻüӴҲҪһӣ˾ҵ˻ʱʩѹ
ҵλһڣ¶һĨЦݣ룬ú뵽һȥˡ
˵꣬һؼҵλߣҲͻȻЦŵͷһʱûзӦλ룬ȷ׵İ취
λߵӣڳ˶ɵӣ΢˼һ£ܿ׹
񶼵ˣ˼ȻĪ
֮ˣڴʲôգҲûаѻֱϸ˼һ£ʵܹǵ˼
ȥʹѾ˻֪Щ޵ĿģţЩҲ͵ҵУŵʱܹ˵һ㡣
Ⱥ޶ֱͨͣ˴˽ʵ뷨ѾҡˣתϣͨﵽԼĿġ
ʶһ㣬Ѿ֪Լôˣ޷ǡӡְˡ
ϣءңһߣʵ͵̼ǿ͹̨ϵѾ˲СҪ˵Щڰеˡ
壬ϻʳ֣ͬ˲ڤ֮УֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ҳܹץ˿ҵհǵټ޷ʱѡ
ʱһ棬סЩޣǾϣͨ˻ʩѹմﵽǵĿģԱ֤ӵܵİȫ
֮ǰҲ֪Щ޵Ŀģڤ֮л˲ٵѰңֻץһЩСආЩ޹ʲӰ죬ڵ֪ЩĿģҽȻ֮ǰһǣűߡ
ʱ䣬Ҳֻһʱİ취ӵʱ֮ҵʧٵӵܣһȻԴϲҲϵʱһãЩҲʧȥģʱܻıʷ
Щﶼףʱ䣬ȷĿǰ׵һ
ϣЩʧȥ֮ǰܹҵֺܲǡĪ
λɻûеĻҵҾͼ˻ʱ¡Ŀ⿴һ˵
ĿɨĪӵʱ򣬿Ī΢ЩԥɫزɵһĪӿʵ
Īʲô˵ֱԡ
صĻ˶ĿͶĪӣĪӼ״¶΢Ц˵֮ǰӰصʱ򣬺Щ޴һЩЩһажطܹȡλ
Ī˵仰صλߵĻһۣͬʱһĨ⡣


ڶʮ ˻ټ
ڶطĪֻһ£ûټ˵ʲôʹ˵Ҫ˵ô͸Ҷܹס
ĪӱҲֻṩһϢѣҶطϢĪӾ岻֪֪֪ܲԼȻ֪ϢʱҪһµģһܹһЩҲǺõġ
лĪѣϢǻᴫؼǱߡЦſ˵
˵Ϣҵ֪֪˵᲻ȡʲôʩѾȡʲôʩͲϸ˵ˡ
ʱءҵ뿪Լǰʹ˻ʣʱĪҲҪһȥ
˵ϸʱ¶棬ȵؼʱ̲Ż֣Ҳߡ
Ͼʵ࣬עһĵط˵֮ǰڶʳЩݸҵЩڶʳ˵˳ϣҵЩ޵ټ
ɫ΢ĪӿʼһΣĲʱ򣬷صˣѾԼСԺȺˡ
ͷϾúˣĪӶСԺǸ˵
γԣжһָ֣ڲŸոյʱ䣬ú֮˵Ц˵
ûϾᣬĪ֮󣬾һŻʹȥ·Ϻҵ˻ϣһ˻ʹ⡣
Īô죬սͬ£Ҳ񶼵طĻʹĪڻûϾⲻĵط
ʹǰʹĴŻкһξ룬ΧѾǿտһƬһǰĪע⵽ÿһʯϣžĻơ
ͨ˿Щ̫ܲ⣬ĪӿЩƣŲȴɵ΢΢ͣһ£Ϊÿһƣĳ󷨵ɷġ
ÿһʯ̵ķĶһҲͬʱ󷨵ĸӳ̶ȣ⿴ڶķģ󷨵ĵȼҲ󼶱𣬶Ŀһ󣬱ϾǻʳĻʹӶΪ
غءҵǰȥ˻ʣĪӲҪʹλҪģڻʹȺ
ıȽ磬糯ûɢȫʹſڵˣһֱȵһʱ֮󣬽յ糯һλλʳĹԱӻʹ߳Ҷվſڵļˣɫ
ĪվЩ˵Ŀ޶ã֮ô磬һĿģҲЩɢĻʳԱվܸΪԼӵʧٵ飬˻ʩѹ
Īע⵽һЩʳĹԱڳʱ򣬿վſڵļˣĵĸǴ˸ɫȴûôֶѯʲôֻڴɫ֮뿪ˡ
ЩԱɫ˼ĪҲܹף뿪
ЩɫĹԱص˻Եͷ΢Цȴ˿Ϊվȴš
ȵеĹԱ뿪ˣصڵõ˴ʹ˻ʡ
ͷĪڴȺҵȥȥͻءתͷĪӹһ˵
룡ĪЦŵͷһһ
Īص˼ΪʲôءҵûжλĸʩֻضԼʩһΪ˴ݵĲͬ
λĸ֣ǱءҵˣԼʲôȻòſĪȴǽϵˣֻվհѵæġ
˼ʱ뿪ÿڻʹȺȻ㲻ʧ񣬵ӦеڣҪλģʾ˵ء
ص˽ʹĪתλĸ̸⼸ҲϤˣ˴˼Ҳ˽һЩ߶֮ˣֻҪ˵ϣǼĲĶ
ΪءҵˣλֵΪʶǳĲĪʶĴ֮ҲǰУһȴʱͱ÷ǳˡ
˸оûнãͷصѾӻʹ˳
ĪЩδͣղźλĸֽ˵˴Ӧֵİ취ˣص˾Ѿˡ
ϧˣĪа̾һ֮ǰ⣬ͲٴֶֻǴȫǳֹⲢܻ䣬˵һʱҪôǺĪһҪôת˻⣬Ըԡ
֣ɷΪɵĵ·ϣҪһͬҲһǾܳɾԪɣȥҪô֮£Ҫôԭ磬ֱԪľһ졣
Īĵ·ϣɾԪ֮ǰӦעѾˣע֮Ϊֹûиס
ͷλúˣǻȥɣص˴ӻʹ߳ʱɫôÿ˵仰֮󣬻̾Ϣһ
Ī׼뿪ʱոתĻʹŴͻȻһ
λӸӰصĪӣ˻ʱټ
ĪתͷȥͿһߴˣ˻ʹǰ
˻ټңĪЩԼǲˣɵתͷһ¸ոմӻʹصˣͶȥѯʵĿ⣬֪ǲ˵ʲô˻ʲŻټԼ
ص˿ĪͶĿ⣬Ҳͬе⣬Ǹոսȥ˻ʣһжǰ֮ǰõģûκ쳣֮ҴͷβҲûᵽĪӰ
λӰĪٰɣ˻ʱټĿ䵽Īӵϣ´һȻ󿪿˵
˻ټȻܲĪӿһǱߵߣȻص˵Ҫͷϵһˡ
ĪģҵȾڹȺ򣬼ȻһͬģȻҲҪ͵һͬȥؿڣƽ΢һЩ
ĪԣЦŵ˵ͷȻλߵ󣬱Żʹȥ
ո߽ʹȴţĪͻȻоһһǿķ֮ѹԼϣתٶȱ÷ǳȻܹʹãܹӳʵʮһɵüͷһ塣
߿ĪһۣȻ͵ʹصأ˽ˣصģ뿪˻ʹߵõͺˡ
лָ㡣ĪӶߵͷ˵
ߵĴ£ĪӴһһĹǰȻĪǰȺԼŲӯ˽ȥ
߽ĪĿ˹ΧĿ⻷һȦܹокüϢڹΧȴ޷׽λá
˻ߵֶβһ㰡Īа
ʱҲ˳Īʾȥ
ߵʾ⣬ĪһȻ̧ſУȥ
빬ĵһۣĪӿĲ˻ͣǹڹǽϵһһɫе佫һսꪣ²һʬ壬Ŀǰ˵Īһ۾˳ѾսԨ
ĪҪջĿ⣬򷿼ʱһᵫȴǳϵ
֣˵˵µô


ڶʮ 
ĪתͷȥͿ˻һ濴Լ˫۽ĶԼƺ̺һЩӵζ
ӸӰĪӣ˻ʱ£Īתһͬʱ˵
ţ㻹ûлش£ôһ߿ĪʵͬʱҲ´Īӡ
ԭĪһеݵɢޣע⣬ƫƫǰһӣӸУȺγֹĪӵ֣һЩǳǳӡ
һΣĪӸǳ˽ϵӪ֮У˽ĸ֣ͶĪˣ߿һۡ
ڲĪӵ֮󣬿ĪӵľȻɢ޳ұͳĵطʦѾǻʳ뷷飬ԼϹѪҹսһЩ
ٿĪӵ䣬ڵΪ;Щˣһɢ޳ô͵ͣ˸ߵΪɲֿԸġ
Ҫ֪ѧϰټ֮ټѧɵѧȻóٶȴǷǳġ
ʲˣͬʱʼѧϰټ֮ʮȥѧϰټ֮˿ѾСɣ·ˣȴпһضûй
׿Ĺؿ̸꾳磬ٵ񾳽磬ÿһҪѵʱ䣬൱ġ
Ȼ˵ԣԴʦ̵ЩԴٶȣ߻ʱ䳤ͬʱλѧϰټ֮˿ܻΪһǲ֮Ļڼʵǡ
Īܹɢ֮ﵽΪδĳɾͲ
ǳĪ˻͵Ļ֮ĿֿһǽϵǷȻŻعͷƽĿ˵
Ŷôͼʵ
Ұ֮ˣ黭֮û̫˽⣬ֻһоѣ¼ЦˡĪɺƽ
˻ԣվȻ󻺲ĪӵߣĿתǷ
һۻϵˣȻĿ䵽ĪӵϣȻ¶һ˿Ц˵ǣòףֱ˵ǣǲǾãϵˣֲôƵġ
Īӿ˻ͣ¶һ΢ЦȻصͷ
ĪӵȷãϵȻԨɣȴôϣûаԨķȫıֳ˫۾ǳ·һֱָĵӸУʱڼһһ
ǹ½Ҫʱѹ£һֱΣ֮Уˮ֮ĲΪ˵壬սɳҪ£Ϊ²ٿٷһ˵ţһ߻ص
ϷˣĪа뵽
˵仰Īǰ㶼ŵģԨ͵Ĺϵ㲻϶ãϾ˻֮λߵĿɲǰͣѾȥԨ
Īӣº㣬֪ԸΪЧĪʱҲ˵˽ĪӹĿģĪӡ
֪ľũң΢ĩһɢ޵ݣڶ̶ʮ֮䣬ΪԾѣŶ֡
ʦǻʳ뷷飬ԼҲնɱǰȥѪҹأҹնɱ˲ٵ壬ЩºϣΪʳЧ
Ȼ׼ҡĪ˵ԼĿģʵҲû̫⣬Ͼ˻ܹټԼĿҲ޷ЩԼҲ֣ĪҲʱ
ϧĪӶڻʳĺøһ㣬Ϊ֮ˣȫûнʳӻ뷨ĪϲɽְĵĻ
ڵĪӣҲȫûбҪӦ͵ȱԴҲȱĻҲͬУδһƬαؽԼ̶֮С
£ĪӱȭһȻίĿڵ˻ʱ´ʤ֣̿һɽҰɢޣΪ΢ʶǳҵҰףЩ̫̣ܽñµֻһ΢ĩС£˻ʱµΡ
Īӻ˵ıȽί񣬵˼ķǳȷľܾ͵
ҲûָƾԼֱӰĪԼ£ǼڵȲҪžܾ֪ͽϹϵԼҲСлҵ¿Գŵ㣬ܹĶ¶Ը㣬ϸĶҲͬԸ㡣
Īԣɴ΢Ц˻ʱ¿ˣҺͽϲû̫ĹϵֻһλǽϵӵܣǰæѰʧٵλѰˡ
Ȼͽ޹أΪξܾµΪЧԵõܶණɢ޳˵زʺѷɫЩŵţ޷һݵ̣ΪЧһݵȻҲͲˣ֮ڣԪɿڣĿֱĪӣϽһλߵѹȸУﲻŭЩֱӡ
ҡҡͷĪ˿ûܵѹӰ죬ϵЦƽ˵ٴл˻ʱµĴ޵ģĲϲܵԼҰ׵ʺңɽСۣһһ裬ůɽƾ棬ˣӣ
ŴԣͶĪӿĪûķӦŻĿڵ
ȻĲԸΪЧǾͰ˰ɡɽСۣһһ裬ůɽƾ棬˾ȷаʣҲе
л˻ʱ⡣ĪԣһԼܵʳ֮Ӱ죬һʵʮһڻʹоܾ˻ʵ΢һѹġ
ͱ˻ʵȣɣҲûֱӷ
ĪӾԼ뿪ʹʱͻȻǰóһľСӣŵϴ򿪡
ںӴ򿪵һ˲䣬֮һɫı⡣
ִӺ֮óһöͨɫӨ͸ɫεı顣
öľԪ飬һƷĵһλʳǰķλʳ£Ҳû¾ļ֮Ҳܽһöһ֧ɳ
ľеĹöľԪ㣬ϣöһΪɱı˵꣬еı·ŻغУȻվźߵĪӵǰ
޹»˻ʱµö飬򲻸ҽܡݵԼǰĺӣĪӿЦҡͷƴǡ
ȷǺöȴ̫ˣܾ˻͵˼һƷĪӾõЩ̫á
ţֻһƷѣӦ˹µջľͲֹˡ˵ţһӣ·Ʈһ˺ܶУ䵽ϡ
ԸƷԸıһ⣬һӣ¶ЦݣĪ˵


ڶʮ ľԪ
һľУʼߵĴ£Īһһ߳ʹܿ͵˹ǰ˵ڹſڵһȺˡ
ͷˣߵ߸лһ䣬ĪӾʹ󲽵ȥվڹſڵһȺҲ߳Īӡ
Īû°ɡؿĪӳЦŴ˸кٿĪеľʱɵö࿴һۡ
߹ŵһɲǣĪӸоϷ·жȥǧصԭתٶȻһ»ָ
Ϻ͸λõˣûʲô£ǻȥɡĪӶڳ˵ͷ˵Ȼͺʹһ뿪˻ʹǰ
ȥ·ϣؿĪеĶһʵĪǣ
һɽò֪ô⡣Īԣ̿˵ţֽڻʹз˵һ顣
ԭ޹»Ȼܾ˱µͲӦ˻ʱ»ִѡһֻܽϣϰδҪϰæͻص˻СĪ˵꣬еĺǰһݣݵصǰ
ĪˣȻ˻ʱͣűǣںʲôǣҽϻΪ׵ġؿŵݵǰĺӣڹһЦȻ˻ȥ
Աءҵ˿˵Ϊһۣ϶һĨЦ⡣
һֱȻص˽ϵĸۡڴУ˵һЩȻءҵ˲Ÿ뿪
ʹУͿŷԼǰУֽӴ򿪣һһѿֻһ̵ָСһƽ򣬻һСƿ
֮ееһĿĽȴеĶϡ
ﻹŽĪӵĻ棬кĪӵΪ˺һӣ΢ɲ
Īӣ˼
ټĪӣ͵ȷҪĪӣĪ׼һݺֻҪĪԸӦô֮еĶȫĪӵġ
ͲĪӵľ֪ĪǱܹЩ
ںĪӽӴ֮󣬾ĪӾܾͷĪӸӸȤˣҪĪ¡
ʵҰĲǿֱȽϴջ󣬽£Ͼܶһܹһ£ǱδɾͲ
عͰŵĶ·ŻУȻϸӣŻص¡
Щ;ͿʼУϣгһջܹ͵óȥ
׬ѽĪӵСԺУеľԪ飬ĪϹһ˿΢Цͬʱ뿪ʹ֮ǰԼ
еöľԪ飬ĪԭǲյģĪӻˣΪⶫǰ׼ıˣԼҪײҪ
Īǳף˻ͽټԼܵȷԼ֮ģǵһԭ򣬾Ϸ
廹˻ͣ˴˼䶼ǳĬƺʩѹӣ˻ΪϷݸʵһ㣬ҲȻҪɫ
ͻɫķʽǵŽϵ棬רټĪӣȻĪӣĪӺͽϲûʲôϵھڰϣվڽߵġ
ܲԼĪӾ˻˵޹ؽҪ˻֮Լһ񾳽ʿ¸ɹܹܡ
ʧ֮󣬻ĪһƷķЩĪԤϵģϸĻܹͨġ
ĪӾãһ¸ҡ
ûͳһƷķֱʲСϾֶǷǳġ
ôǲûˣͳһдõ顣
Īӱⶫʱ뵽һʱ򣬾͸ı⣬ƷľԪˡ
Ѱհ׵ģҲûͶϵĴ㣬Ȼ˻ԸԼ£ԼͰô£Ҳ֡
Īӳ֮󣬽ľԪݵǰľٶڱԼ̬ȣؽƻҲڱʾĪӣ˻ʵ˼ôĪԼţ鷳
ľԪ鴫ľľĪ΢΢ҡҡͷаЩ˴򽻵ۣһһҪǲ⣬÷бȽ
Ȼ룬ĪҲǷǳųЩ飬Ȼϲ£УԼһУͬһУͬľ˲ͬĸеһ֡
Ī֮ǰһԼīȣĪּһƷ׵ģΪֹֻͣһĳ̶ȡ
ī׶֮ĪҲīһ£ɷ׶εķҪĲô׵ˣʱҪǰ࣬Ҽѡ
ڶݺʱԷõ˿Ǽīϣ֮ͨ뿪ʱ䵽Īӵ֮еıǳвοֵ
ڣĪֶһǸոյõֵľԪ飬һĵƷ
дɫεľԪ飬Īӽʶ̽Уʼ̽鷨ڵı
ʶ̽һ̣Īʶ֮е첻âٴαôȻĪֻԼһ˲䣬ͽľԪбİ˸ͨ͸
ʶ֮е첻⣬ĵҲĪӿ͸ľԪı׵۳Ρ
΢΢һ㱣ĪĿٴ䵽еľԪϣһĨɫ
ֲһƷôľ͵ҵԭˡ
ղŽ첻İĪһ˲Ϳ͸˷֮еĵ˵ĵҲһ˲˽˰˾ŷ֡
öľԪļ֮ǳ⣬ÿһ֮ͨеıкܴ𣬶һЩ൱ڼܵĲ֡
˽ЩܵĲ֣ôöľԪ飬Ͼû˼ȥĿռ䡣
ǰˣһλѾȥĻʳӦû¼֮˵ûּܵĲ֣ļֵЩˡ
ȻΪƷľԪ൱ģȻûмȥĿռ䣬Ҳͨġ
䵽ĪӵղŽ첻⣬ĪѾϤЩİȻҲļܲ֡
ζţĪӵУԼļĪԸ⻨һЩʱĻľԪǰļ֮ҲܹƳ
ΪľľԪеıĪӼīҲǳаϸոճɵĵĵĪڿľԪĿУѾһ˿ϲ֮ɫ


ڶʮ һ
ʶ֮첻Ѿ˵ĵȻûгʲôµĪҲû̫⣬ܶණھڶ࣬ĵˮ⹦Чøǿˣ͹ˡ
һ㵭ɫĹâĪϸϸˮЧǿԼÿһϸ΢ı仯ܿɢȥϵĹâ
ĵ֮ˮЧִļǿˣˮĹЧȥƵϵƣ¸ôʱ䣬̶ֻһձ㹻ˡ
Եĵ֮ˮЧĪ൱⣬ȴҶԼʱʹãΪղʹʹˮĹУоԼϵˣˮĹЧ£ҲҪ޸ļ
ϵʱʱ̶̿ڴʹУĪȴƻָǰˣ֮ǰôõʹ࣬Ҳװ˷ˡ
ȵȥ֮󣬿Ը÷ʹһˮ⣬Ǽһ£÷Чһǿ뵽÷۵÷Ī˹еӡ
ǣĪӵȻǷǳĵģǶԼյĵڣĪӾͲôˣһѵӣԼڵЩӣѾŷɽȥˣҲ֪ܲܿסһ
ϣߵ龡ҵǣҲԽȥˡ˼˴Īﲻ뵽
ʱһתֵۣ֮УĪÿ춼һǰʹⳡ干ͬ˻ʩѹϷ룬ӻʹոڽϸۡĴУҾ͵õһ̫õϢ
Щˣ֮ǰҶ˻ʵȰ˵Ҫһ򣬾׼˻ʸӵ׼뷷ɣձڴеˣɫǳصĻ㱨ŸղŵõϢ
ձĻڳ˵ɫҲͬЩء
û뵽Щ޷Ӧ˹ҪһǲǸʱˡؼҵ֮üͷ˵
֮ǰӵİ취Ȼ֮ߣҲϣܹЩޣڿЩѾʱˣͨ뺡
ЩŤԸǼȻ˵ĻҲӦ£֮ǰҲЩ޲֮ҲʧٵӵܣǿҵӵΣˡ֮Ҳͬ˵
˵֮Ŀͬʱ䵽صϣĿ⣬ػĿ˵һȥһ˻ʹȽ»㱨˻ʱ£뱣סӵܵ˵ûЭһʱ˴ʱ˿̣ú˻ʱ¿ϲһˡ
ֵ˼ǣؼЩɻʵЩ̫ףϲҪʲô飿
ҵңô˱֮ʱֵ˼Ӧ˻ʱһ£һȻ󡭡ػûпڻشλ˳Ƭ̣һ˵
ԣҵ˼ص˵ͷ˵
һԵĪҲˣҵ˼׼Ȱ˵˻ͣʱӦ޵Ҫ󣬽Ϸˡ
ⲢЭ׼һȭͷսȻøǿȥ
˼ģ޷䵽ЩӵܣҵӵһǾ͵ǺЩ˵ʱˡ
ЩǰǼˣԭº󷴻ڿûô׾ܰҹȥˡĪ
֮˾֮󣬺ܿ;ٴǰʹĪȫ̶ûв죬ʱҲû˵ʲôֻһˡ
ջôչĪȻҲȽϹģӹĵĻհ׵İȫæѰհ׵ģ˳УհܹȻĻĪҲͿԻӰˡ
Īӵǰʹʱ򣬻ʹеͣһһ߿֮еݣüͷһ
Ժݣո͵ϣмصݣ԰˹֣֮Ķȴ䵽Щհס
е£üͷɵ֮еݣǰ˹ڸհ׶ںսµҪԣ󣬰˹ֱӱ̬ȣʲô취հ׳¡
ȫϵģǿҲò¿һ£հ׳£᲻ĺԼ
֮ǰԨսʱ;͵Լλʽ᲻һеĴӺݷأȻԨݺݵĸԼ⣬ѡԴΪء
һĻ˵ѾˣԼ첻εԹӣпܾͻºݵ̯ӣţϾԼλʽ㣬ɲԨˡ
Щͷ֮ʣ˽͹˵£Ϻءҵٴ
ǽɣͶ˵
ٴǰȫ͵֮УյЩ޵ŵͬʱҲͬյˡ
͵ķԸһȻٵ˳ȥ
߳ȥ֮ͻվߵһСԣͷСϰڷŵһ壬Ȼڰһ˼öӡ
ı֮Ӧʱ䣬ض䣬˶䣬ı޶Ϊ̸ͨµģĶõĶ˵΢΢ͣһ£Ŀ⿴һǽϵǷ˻˫ۡ
Ȼ͵һ˦䣬ǰֱӱƷͬʱ˫Ҳ
˻ʣװȥÿһǾҪ˸ۣһ̣뵽ԨԼƣʹз·Խʱľ룬ٴ䵽Լϣһļ򣬶Լ˵Ļ
ͲԨԨ˵ĻμԨԶ˻ͣڸô˻ʣԼ뷨
ĪվڻʹǰһֱȵҪڵʱ򣬲ſص˳϶ûʲô飬ǴʱΡ
߳ʹ֮Ҳû˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷ׼뿪
ĪҲתҪߵʱȴͻȻ䱻һסˡ
Ī˻ʱ룡
ϴεߣǳվŹǰĪ˵
ԣĪӻû˵ʲôһԵر㿪ڶĪ˵ĪҹЩ飬Ͳˣһȥ֮󣬻սǰȺ򣬻¡
ϿˡĪЦŵ˵ͷڶԼһ֮󣬱ת뿪ĪҲߵ߽˻ʹС
ſŵһ̣ϱѹƵĪĺܲϲָо
ߵĴ£ĪһǸ߽УϸĴ͡
˻ʱ£Īһ
ĵ´̧꣬ͷĪӣȻվߵĶ棬һСӣڷһ̡
ҹҪһ֪ڹ棬һ壬Ҳһȴһߵ£ȻĪ˵ͬʱһơ


ڶʮ 
˻ͶԼƣĪҲûŤйһ֮󣬱˹ȥ˻͵Ķ档
ҲûпֱӾ֣Ȼ󻺻ĿڵĪӣҪ㣬ԸԸΪЧҪģ¿Ծ㣡
ĪһЦҡҡͷһһöɫӣ˵л⣬һεĴ𰸣ǺϴһģҾһɽС۵ˣɢˣܲԼ
¾ãЩǽڶѣʳҲ๩֮в˶ɢ޳Ҳ˵ԼܲԼǵõģ΢һԼʲôϵͿĪӣһ߿һĪӣһһöɫӡ
ҪˡĪû̧ͷٴηһöӡ
һΣ˵ͷûټ˵ְֻһöӡĪӵ仰ͻǱȽͬģ˸ǲһģܶȷҪˣͱ˵ԼԨ
˰û˵ֻǰӣܿ죬ǰϾĲӡ
ĪӺ壬ͷβԴ·磬պܸߣĪûΪ˻ʶãʵʵ²
壬ҲĪӸӿ˵ԸķǳأͬʱǿҵĹҲΪӪۣһץס˻ᣬһĺ֣ȫӦеĳǸ
˻ʱոҲǶ֣ϺӵľƣĪֱӹˡ
ȱôżҹܳⳡĲŸոտʼĪ䣬ȴЦҡҡͷָԱ߻һɫ˳ָĻ֯һм˲һȦ
㿴ֻҪֹʵû䣬ȥ˵Ӯأ
ĪӿһẠ̇͵˼ԷȰ˵ԼԼ˵ĸҪ󣬲ŻиΪ֮
΢΢ԥһ£ĪٴӣȻ˵ֹȻҪǸҪģȴҪԼҪʲôôĸ֣յõĶȴҪģͺԼĳԱˣ
֮У޷ռݸõλãƫһδİݣУ˳ƶΪõıȫ֮ĪӵĻ΢΢ҡͷЦЦȻһ̵һ䣬İһƬԵĪӱԵļöӡ
ΣĪӲ˵ˣֻһöӷһߣȻһö䵽ϣûãһȦһβӣȻǺ֮ǰһĪʧܵһ
Ϳ˿ĪӷһߵöӣĪӵ˼ڸԼöֻҪ֣ǲͱ
ȻܹĪӣʱȴôΪ˵Īӡ
ΪöӣҲûмȤˣĪӣǳ˵ĪӣĺܲȻ㲻ԸӦµΣ
ǳлµĿأǺйأ´𰸻ǻñʧĪͬͻش
ĪӲӦ͵źͬҲϣһδεľܾ͵ԷϾ˻ʣܾôΣһϹҲסͻȻԼЩΣա
ĪӣΪЧ꣬¸һŵĻᡣûĪӵĻǰԼ˳
ŵĻᡣĪҲɵ΢΢һΪԼѪˡ
ţΪ֮⣬ΪĴţʳ֧ߣŵʵӹɣͬͽҲǳϸ
;ȻĪЧ꣬Ȼ͸ĪӰŻԿ˵Ƿǳջˡ
ھϣ¶ĶѣϧȴǿĪӡ
ҡҡͷĪ¶һſЦı顣
˻ʱµĿأЩ֮ܳǰԣһǸϲһҰףòٴξܾ£֡
ĿĶĪӣĪӵ˫ۣƺпôһ˿Բģϧʧˡ
һͻվҲգȻ޷㣬ǹҲͲǿˣĪӣһᡣ
ĪҲվû˵ʲôǹһ
Ϳ˿ɫڲڲãոµ壬Ҳûȥʱ䡣
ŸպڣҪȵĽӦòôûȤȥһˣתĪ˵
͵仰Ī̲³Ҫ˭ʱȥˣʮа˾žЩҪͷŵϡ
ܱЩ˿صˣĪӵȻҲǳ棬±㿪˵ǷĻҵȷ
Ǿ߰ɣ˵ţ߳˷ţĪҲæϡ
ʹ֮๬ĪȻѾǵڶνʹˣȴȻİ
˻͵Ī˲ԶһУƿŵ˲䣬ĪӾͿУѷ˸黭
ĿɨЩǽϵĻĪӷÿһƷвٵĻѾ˼˷
Īӵ۹⣬Щÿһбɷʸ񣬻Щˣ黭֮趼Ǽߵġ
ĪӺͽ֮һͬǰĵĽŹϣȻ⡣
ߵһǰڻı棬ȻͷĪ˵½
һ䣬;ǰһֱӽ˻С
ռ䷨ĪӿһĻҲû̫ȣ黭ķ඼ᱻ˼ɿռ䷨һܹػСռ䡣
첽ǰȥĪҲ˻Уֻоǰһ֮Լ͵һСԺӵ档
ĿΧһ£ĪӷСԺΧ֮ĵطеľﶼһƬ黯˵ڣֻΧ֮ڣһвʵĴڡ
ĪӴΧĹѾƿԺţ̧˽ȥĪҲæϡ
СԺУĪ̾ͿһˣվԺеʯԣŻʣֽϻӺǹʣĪӼ֮УҲܺ
ĸߣȻȤӺͿˣ˵
ϾҪµȻܸˣվʯӺҲûͣ£һ߼еĻʣһͷҲ̧˵
ȵ˵ʱеıҲͣˣȻվֱ壬еıֶһߣЦ󹦸ɣ
һ䣬תͷĿӹվǱߵͣĪӵϣλСֵܾǱҵ˰ɣ֪˭ôƺ
ɢĪӣĪԣ˵ͬʱĿȴ䵽ϵĻϣȻɵ΢΢һ¡
黭֮Ϻ裬ȻͬƽĻΪϵݣһ̬Ĺȡ
ҲͬǷʱЩĿڣôԼܳȥ뿪ˣ
ܲ뿪ܿͻˣ𣿡ԣЦ˵ȻϸոջõĻ͵ǰչ
ոɵͼ֪û½°Ҽһ¡


ڶʮ ʧ
ϱСԺУûܵ̿ʳסҲȻ棬Īӿ϶һ㣬ǾϵһǱˡ
ɼǱƵϽոɵĻʱ򣬿ŻЩ̬Ĺȣһצ
ÿһϵɶһʹǲѪƫִŤǶʼɷ
һͼһֻֻȣ·𻭾еĸֽ֮ϣЩȱ˳
ºλĪСһͬƷһ£ҵΣ׶೤ĻУ˻䵽˵ϣȴһӣֻЦſͺĪ˵
Ļ嶼ǣˮƽȻǲ˵ֻ⻭е⾳Щţǳ֮֡ͶϿ˵
Ƿϵһȣ·Ҫֽצĳһ㣬ϸ߳ĻҲͬӹ첻ꡣ
ĪСѾأԣֽĿ䵽Īӵʵ
Ļ߳һɢޣûмһҼлУˮ׼ߵһݣֻ˵ˣĪӴǴӻǻˣĪӶһߵۡ
ʵЩаˣֻһͨͨĻЩŲͬĹȣֻҪԼһ£ͻΪһǳĹ޷
ºСѹˣҵǾãôվһ΢ĩԭ뻭֮񣬿ֻǶǵĶҲͷеĻŻһĹҡͷ˵
˵̯֮ƽڵϣȻӣץסһͷ仺ľȻվ͵ǰ˫Ż
ദ꣬ҹӦþ͵˷ֱ֮ʱٱ֮ʣ޳ͼ͸ɡϿͣϴһ˿΢Ц˵
ǰһĻ֪֮ʲôϵĪӶãʦͽֿѣһ֮
ûһĪӵĿ⣬ͿŵݵԼǰĻ΢Ĭ˼Ȼֽס
ദô꣬»ǵһεõȻãȴǹϲģȻ»úղصģ˵ٱڿ»ЩΪʱ硣
ԣɴЦݵͷҲԣӦûһʱ䣬ֻǲ֪գ֮󣬻֮룬ʱҲ̫á
գޱ˵
Ǿͻмʱǹ񲻼Ըһȵ⼸ʱĽΣ˵꣬תһԵĪӡ
ڴ˼ĪСѣ֮ǰЩкˣСһ߶Ī˵һת߽䣬˳һײߣȻкĪ¡
ɣ͹¾ʹ֮˵ҪȥϵкĪӻûʲôӦ;̿˵ͬʱߵ¡
Ŷ֪к£ĪҲߵ£ͬʱʵ
ĪӲ͵£֮ǰҲܾҪĪʲôĪӵԼ飬ĪӲܵģԼе飬ҲΪ͵ȥ͸ǲʲô
ǹλѵ£ĺѣ͵ȥù·ĵˣаšûֱӰѻ˵Ҳڽһ䡣
ҹûͱˣʱһΣ˵ĶԻͻȻ˵
ˣ֮ǰ¹һ֣ûʲôȤ˵İɡҡҡͷ˵
ģֻ˵һЩ黭֮ˣĪС֮ˣ¶ԴûʲôȤϼ˵
ܽȻһɽҰɢޣҲ飬黭֮ûʲôоȴĽѾˣ黭Ҵ黭֮ĺĪӿ˵
ȻĪСҲȤǾòˣν黭֮Īô˵̿ڽ
ݣͱ黭֮ڼ䣬ＸһԲĿһֱû뿪ϡ
ĪӣֵķǳķɣϽ黭֮ʱʱʱῪڷʣһЩԼ̫׵⣬һǰ̵ѧӡ
ƺҲΪĪӱԽԽŨȤԽԽ룬漰˺ܶ滭ľ弼˵ĵطִӲ豭֮պһˮգָϱȻһ£ԱĪܹ˽⡣
ϸڣĪСպԼѧϰҪǶѧϸĹ۲죬ҪռҪȴϣܵ黭֮ˡڽ˺ܾ֮ЩδͣĪ
лָ㣬֮ԣǳĪ΢ЦŹһ񣬲ܶԷʲôݣǳʲôĿģղЩȷԼѧ˲ٶֵԼһ
޷㽲һЩѣ£ʱӦòˣҲˣҪȵĽڲҪˣȥˡ϶Īӵ˵ͷȻתͷһԵ͡
ȷʱˣǻϾͼվĿȻĿһϵȻת뿪ˡ
ĪҲͬվ͵һ뿪˻пռ䣬ص黭ķС
ӻеĿռĪӿԿɫѾЩˣԼһʱң͸ˡ
תһ⣬ֻĽǽϵǷȡ£Уֵ΢Щͷ·һصĶ
ȻнȡḶ́Īа
ͽȡ£ȻһһȻݵĪӵǰ
úˣĺѵʱͽˣûסǾͲֹˣ
һĪץסǰĻУȻ˵ͷ
ʹȥʱ֮ͨĶԻĪӾѾµʹԼ⣬ԼϣĪҲûие⡣
ȻԼϣⲢű˾ֻԼһԼʹ֮У˻ߵɲ٣ƿػʳȵ˻ҲߣԼʹͲʲô⣬ЩĪﶼס
͵Ī»صʼո̤ûãͼλۣƮȻɵ˽
ڼ֮ͬʱʩһȻĿɨһһԵĪӡ
λöҹΣͿˣɫǳƽʵ
ҹƽ֮صǱǰҾȻһЩûҵˣҵȻع֮ʱЩѾͨ뺣ʱǾҪһȷĴ𸴡λƮȻɵĻʳ˵
ã֪ˣλˣȥϢһ£һ˵û鷳λʧĽûκεıʾɫ糣Ķǰ˵


ڶʮһ ׼
λƮȻɵĻʳԣٴζһȻת뿪ˡ
һԵĪһֱĿ߳ţֱʱ򣬲ջԼĿ⡣
Ԫɣ
Ī֪λʳΪԴﵽԪɵľ磬ԼǵΪжߣɲĸоѾĪӴ𰸡
ĪӵһԪɾĸ֣һ仰û˵ϣԷҲֻƳԼһۣȻûԼ
ĪӲ֪ԪɾĸֵжǿӸղͶλԪɹ̬ȣϾͿ˵ˡ
£Ϻءҵˡʱ߽
ǽɣͷԸһתȥ֮֮˾ˡ
˻ʱ£˽֮ǶһȻһһԵĪӣرǿĪеĻʱͬʱһĨ⡣
˵⣬Ѿ֪ˣھĪСͿǰ˿˵ͬʱĿʾһ±ĪеǷ
ˣ¿Էˣ飬ȴô׵Ľ˵仰Ŀٴαǰ˵
·ģҵңҲԲưոݣҪָҲ֪ҵӵܣô۸ġҵ֮˻һۣȻ˵
ǺãʱѾˣ׼ɣ»˺һ𡣡͵˵ͷ΢һЩͬʱһһߵĪӣʾԸҵ뿪ˡ
ĪҲûԥһȻͺһת뿪˻ʹ
ʳ֪֮ɫĿǰĹޣĿеı֮ɫѾҪɱɱˡ
֪ΪǵĹϵһҹ֮䣬֮صʧò׾£ļʮӣȫЩУ˲ͳ󽫣ûзǵãΪǶܵǣװ׵ľôˡ
վڹǰǸѹɱһϯ̧ͷ¶һӣĿڵ
ǣǣû뵽ϾϣǿǺЩƲ˹ϵġ
˵ˣʼϵʱ֮ԸЩϢи׼ҪôһҪôصøʵһ㣬ǲصĲҳˣҲֲͷϰɣ
ϽɫĹâһпǰĹޣѾһ˿ɱǲ
Ĺһ˿ûо¹УϸֳһĨЦݡ
չϵ˵Ӧñ㻹һ׼ʹɱ𣿡
仰ɫһҲû˰ãһǰĳһϽɫĹâķֱĹޣͬʱ˵
ûʸᵽֵģǣڶʳλͣ
ڹеĹ£ĹΧһǰγһϣס˹еĹͬʱҲƮһСΡ
ڶʳȷУⲢȫǵĴǷǷǣҲ֪Щǡ
ˣһƽͬʱᾡǴᣬܲץסᣬͿԼѡˡĹ˵꣬һźգ֮ʧ֮С
ŶԷʧӰüͷ壬Щ͸Щ޵·ʽˣȫ֪ǵܹõʲôܾЩ̫Ծ
Īٴ̤ʹŵһ̣оԼϵѹһɣָתҲɵøо̤ʵ˲١
ԭʵܵӰ죬ĪҲû̫飬ڲͬĪӱ뱣֤Լʵܹס
ĪڵʵãԪɾ£ܹ׵ĴԼж˲˵ûУԲֻ࣬ҪʵӰ죬ĪӾ͸оԼ̤ʵˡ
ͻȻ䣬ĪӸоĿⶼעӵԼϣתͷһͿصҵ֮ˣλĸ֣ԼſڵԼһҹս΢ЩŵĿԼ׼ȷ˵ǿԼе
ϣ߰ɣȺ޸ʱ䣬ѾࡣĪӶ˵
صԣ̵˵ͷ˽ĪӴӵм䣬Ȼһ·ص˽ϵĸۡ
һȺڸۡеȴ˲ãЩϵ˽
Щ޴Ѷˣ뿪ݣ֮طڤȻϣȵϰȫȥȻӵܷŻոսӵϢüͷ˵
οԣЩԶŹˣ˷ˣǵʱڳǸô죿ؼ̷ԵһԵҲ˵ͷ
Ӧòôȷò뿪ݵ򣬵ʱ취˿һۣЩε˵ֿһһԵĪӡ
Ī뱣еǺ͹޽Ψһ롣
ĪҲûлػֻص˵ͷеĻõڣĪӻûû֣Ҳͬᡣ
뿪˽ϵĸۡܿ뿪񶼣Ȼһҷۣ֮ʻȥ
ʱ֮˾뿪ݵķΧʱЩ޻ûҪֵļһֱԽԽԶ˶΢еһ˿ļʱǰ֮УǳͻأĳһźȻ߳һӰ
˷ųɣӰһ֣ŷϵļ˵
ӵأؿڷʵ
ĪнŻȻϸŶޣԷĪӼĹЩһûнԼֱ¶棬ǳ㣬оĪӵͻҪСϵϢȴǿ
Ҫ˽ңǵȻͷŻȥˡһ˵ţĿȺɨһȦ߾䵽ŻĪϡ
ҪѾˣӵܻûмӰ㣿ؼڡ
ֻţԸţǾ͸һ뷷ɡĹ޲Ųæ˵
˴˸һΣȷһӵܰȫȻ˷ˣٷӵܡһҵ˵
ðҪȷϣǾǸŻˣеĻɣĹԣְԵգƵΧһȦϵŤγһڵŻȻĹ޿ĪһۣŻС
Żֽ䵽ĪӵϣһԵſڣ˵ʲôסˡ
ءλʿ˴˶һۣȻһ˵ĪΣղԤ֪֮ˣֻΪæģˣѾˣ治õӣҶˣҶǰȥ
ڵŻ棬֪ǷΣգĪæģʱĪӲȥЩˣȻˣĸԾվ˳׼ǹȥ
Ī˵ʲôȴһ΢ɲ
СԼǰʲôҵȶỤȫ
ĪӲǰλʳ£Īеˡ


ڶʮ 
ԪɣĪųֵĵԼȥ֮ΣգӦҲ⡣
Īˣٿһ°ɡλĸԣּȰ˵һ䡣
Īû˵ֻǿŴЦЦҵ̻֮⣬ȻضĪһ񣬿˵ȻˣǾͰĪˡ
Īӵ˵ͷ׼£ŻУû⣬ŻӦڤԻȽϱա
Ī׼ôʱ򣬶˴
Ҫ壬ֱӽȥɡ
ٴλԪɵĴĪҲûԥĴ㣬ֱӻһ⣬ûǵŻС
λּ״һƺҲҪȥȴһԵءסˡ
ˣ˸ĪȥˣﰲĵȺͺá
λĸԣ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻվǵɵתŻĪӽ֮󣬿ʼѸٵСܿʧ˵ǰ
ĪûǵŻֻ֮ǰһڣȻ͸оһ̹ǵ䣬ĸо·뵽˵ꡣ
ԣڤ
ĪͣĿ⻷һΧΧһƬڵľɫȻĪڤǳƣϸӦܹһЩġ
ΧĿռ֮Уڤ֮лӵ䣬һɭɭĹԼһЩ˸оܲģܹ˸
ĪӦʱ࣬һֻڵĹצϢץеǷ
ֻצȻϢĪӻǿٵķӦ˹ٵһڶצͬʱīȳУĺݺݻֻڵĹצϡ
īȺ͹צײһ˲䣬ֻá顱һֻצֱӱīȴˡ
ӣֲøһ˽
ղ޵ĪתͿվԼԶһֻɢԲĺ
أĪӿĹޣƽĿʵ
֮ǰҿǲıˡĹ˵
ĪԣһֱŵĻһ֮չȻŻһǷı棬̵ˮһϵĻ֮һ䣬һСԺӣȻԿСԺʯԣһλˣƷ衣
ڻеƺоʲô̧ͷȻЦ˵ͷ
Ĺ޼״ȷ˻еˣɡ
ʱĪһʧеĻٵľ𣬱ĪС
ҪˣѾڣӦҿҵӵˡĪеĻ˵
˵Ȼԣڴ֮ǰǲӦÿһԼİΣĹ޵˵ͷȻͻȻһת˵
ôҪǿнжߣ˲յ׼𣿡Īԣûбֳ˿ľţֻڵһɫĹâѾеĻϣƺһԲϣ׼ɵʲô
ˣûпĻӦģ֪ʲôط𣿡Ĺҡҡͷ¶һ˿΢Ц˵
ﲻڤ𣿡ĪһȻ󲻶ɫʵ
ȷڤֲȫڤǴڤ֮еһ⣬ӦѾоΧЩбڤе˰ɣͲ̫ãȻҲһΪ𣿡Ĺ޿Īӣ֮УһЩƻ
⣿Ī˽⵽ڹ޵Ķ̫࣬û˵ʲô⣬ǿΧܹµܺ࣬ӦһЩá
ϻ˵ҼˣȻ㣬ӵҴȥȻ֪⵽ʲôãĪȴǵԼʲôģҪ
ðɣȻ㲻ںԼİΣǾɣĹʼһЩźı顣
ȻóһɫСӴ򿪣¿ʼ㵹ȻܿģӴڵһӰ뿪СѸٱС
һӰĪ̴з˼ϤףǸհߵˣЩˣĪҲûаиΪֱǸɫСе˶ųĪҲûпհ׺ܲӰءλҪӵܵӰ
ˣеĻҰɡĹ޽ǰһ죬ĪҪеĻ
ĪۿȻīȵָֻǰһһξӨ͸ǹˮĪӵֱĹޡ
ɱңֱӰЩ˾ߣʵ̫ɡĹ޿īеˮͻȻ¶ŭݣŭĶĪӺ
Χһǰ£һϣͼסǵˮ
ˮ䵽ɵϵʱ̺ǳ֮һ˲䱬˺ǵɵϣͬʱĹڲһС
޳֮ͽû뵽ô֮ǰʾҪ͵Ϯҡ΢һСĹ޸Եŭɶīɴ
أĪûԷĽŵѾһ⣬ʱ׼ٴγ֡
Ī仰ԭŭɶĹޣϵıѸٵָһƵģ
Ŷ˵ǼѽǵȷеĻңȻȼ֮ȻὫ˷ˡ
ĪӿǰޣӶԷղŵı޸оЩϲŭ޳һȻԸЩŤҲԷ֪ΪԷԭ򣬻ԭ򣬻ǹװġ
ҼǡĪûдӦҲûоܾȷһհڵôˡ
ûʲô⣬ȻҲ￼һ°ɣ˵ȹϼԼͿôˡĹԣĪҡҡͷƮȥһɢƺ׼뿪
ղŷųˣƺҲûһͬߵĴ㣬ϾЩ˼ҲûհҪ
ĪԷҪ뿪̱ҪֹĪӶ֮ǰѾһ޵ߣöԷĶͣסˡ
ԵģĪ֮ǰλԪɾĻʳ֮һҲ˿Ķվ޵ԣ㽫Ҫ뿪Ķסˡ
ԪɣʳĹתͷһԵλʳϲûжپŵɫ
ʳǰ޵ݣ΢΢һüͷȻ΢Щ̫ȷĿʵǣʵĻʴخ
仰ɫ϶һ˿ϵĸо
û뵽ᱻϳخֺܾöû˽ˡ


ڶʮ ˰
ʻʴخĪĹ޳ԼݣɵĿ´һ¶Է
֮ͨǰЩʷеļأĪӵȻ֪خ˭ǵڶһλ˻ʣȷϵĻʴڶʳûи𣬶Է˻ʡ
ʷУλʴҷǳĺѧʱڶʳнʣһЩΪ֮ʿ֮ϧڶʳûгŵ̨ʱ̡
ڵڶʳʱλʴ˵ֻʮһ꣬ʿȷˣλʴȴ֪ȥˣʷϲûм
ڿλʴͣԼʮӣƵʱԷûֻ˼֮ȴⲻΪ޵ˡ
خԵλʳĿֿһǱߵĪӣЦſڵλѾ֪ҵˣһ֪λݣˡ
ʳǨλΪﵽԪɵĻʳ˵
ɢޣĪӣĪԣҲԼ֣Ī΢Сһ㣬ֻ˵ԼɢޣûԱš
ĪӾȻɢޣخҲ΢΢һ£Ϊ͸ղĪӵֶΣȫһɢ޵ı¡
Ȼ䵽ʳǽҲͲø翹ˣҴȥҵӵܣȵðų΢ȹҲҪĪӺǨ˵ʲôخ˵̬Ⱥ͸ղĪӵʱȻͬҲ¶һı顣
Īԣ΢΢ü֮УȻ֪ǷһᱻԷĲݣӦò࣬˷ųкܴʻᱻԷߡ
޷˷ųɣǨһ۹خȻĪ˵
ǨĻĪ̯еĻעУڻˮ·֮ϵӰ˵ǰ
ϵлһ豭ϵĴǳ룬ƵʽĪ֮ǰʱ򣬸һݷɡ
⣡һ֣̲ΧĻȻϳʲôطüͷ΢΢塣
ߵ˵ʱرǹخʱüͷ˲ĸˣһ˲䣬ƺҪ˵ʲôסˣſڵĶû©
ˣخǱֵ÷ǳȻϹһȻ¶һǳõЦݡ
һ˲䣬ڵĿռУͻȻһϵһȻƿ˹еĿռ䣬ͼߡ
ʶģĪгһ˿Ҳͬϵϣקʵ̫ǿˣֻԼܵһɸ޷ֿĴûקסϣԼҲ㱻קȥе˿Ҳɿˡ
ûһƬڵ֮УĪͷ󼱣ʶĽĿ⿴Ǩͬʱڽеǰ֡
ɵĪĿ䵽ǨʱȴһеģǶһ˿޵Цݣɵͷת
һ̣ǨȻһ⣬ͬƿΧڵĿռ䣬ʧˡ
ǰĪӻ˵ʲôȴоԼһ£תͷͿԼԶһˣ֮ǰλʳ֮һλ
С˱ãȻʱӵܵͲòˣһˣٴȥλԪ˵꣬ǱߵĹخ˻䣬һ׹зɳڹخϣȻλԪҲѸûռС
ʧλԪɣЩԵˣĪ´еĻЩ˶˽ȥȻ£
ӦðԼҲһսȥĪӸոսеĻ£һϻһ׹ĹخͻȻڵ
ŶΪʲôĪתͷʵ
һ׹⣬ǽ䲻ܶĪҲһ¡
Ϊǹ⡣خش
ܲ˵һЩĪӼʵڹ⣬Ĳô˽⡣
Ӧ֪ҰɣڶʳʱʵǻģΪʲôΪһޣخĪ˵һ˵ţƺоԭЩŻһֽţȴѲһ׹⡣
ѵ֮Ϊ޵𣿡Īӷʵ
ȻˡخƺЩģһ߼ѣһ˵
֮ԱɹޣΪڹ֮дʱ̫ˣ׵ıȾһ˰ĴڣԣֻܳΪһˡ
ĪûṴخϳѵĶһԪʩչĽӦòôױѣѾخĻסˡ
˼˵֮дʱ̫ɰ˰ĴڡĪһ˵һϸ۲ŹخƺخȷԼĹ޲һ壬ȫĻ塣
ûеĹ򣬻ὫڹеĻתΪԪ£ܵӰ졣خ͵
ô˵ĪϸӦһ£ȷһɹϢԼڣͼȾԼ
Ī֮ǰҲһֶַΣԴڹⱾĹ൱Ĳˡ
Īϸ̽Լ񣬷ԼûܵκӰ֮ҲͷԼʶ֮첻ĴڣЩҪȾԼ񣬸һܵ¡
˵ѾڵЩȵ뿪˹֮󣬻һʱӷֶΣֻһˮ⣬ܹ׵Ľ
Ī³׵ķûټʲôخĪǸŲæӣһ߼ѣһЦ˵
ӦѾоЩڵĹ˰ɣҲ뿪ô
ôֻҪλǰܹ뿪αҪַĪҡҡͷϹ¶һζı˵
ô𣿡ĪһζӣخҲֹͣԼĶĪ˵
ʲô˼Īϱһա
ûʲô˼ֻǾãȵǻʱӦѾȾĲˣʱת޹޹ʲ˹ޣҲһšųŪ˵
ȻҲܳŵʱ򣬻ص˼䣬ҲֻǸ΢һЩĵرϸʮʱ䣬ӦҲָܻ
Ҳи֣ҲܹλԪɣûе˵Ļ깴еĻĪ
Ī˼ʱһڹϢ䵽˹خıڹخϵһ׹˲ɢ˽ĹخڵһʱͶĪӷ˹
ǰ̽һ̣ƾͻһֻźڹķצͬʱһɢ۳ɵĹͷĪ
خĹ̫ͻȻǰһڽ֮У˶ãһͷôĹĪӸ
ĪӵսѾǳḻˣѪҹصʱҲûΣյѸٵһĴһöɫεı˳ĪӵͷһɫĪεıС


ڶʮ ط
öĪӵı飬ȻĪӸյֲõľԪˣѾϤľԪеıĪӶöĲݾͱ÷ǳˣȻ֮á
خĹצ䵽鴹ɫϣո̽뵽һ룬͸о̷ûа취ǰ
ʱһɺ۶ɵĹͷųĺβͣͷ·һһ㣬ΧĪӵΧٵתȦĪȫΧں֮С
ƣ
خ³һ֣һתĺһ˲սкɵĹͷҲɲ֮Ѹٵɢ
ȻĪӵĲ̬Ȼ仯һֻ޴ĹͷŴһȻȻ֮䱬
خڹͷ֮ǰαٺ󳷣˳׿֮󣬹خûȥըĵطҵͷɨһԼơ
ֻղֻ֣̽ʳָ˴һСڵָͷȻ˿ľһɫ
خڵĹתԼָ⣬ǿľһɫۿɼٶȿˡ
ɹأ൱ķخͷȻ̧ͷĪӵķ
һȦըȻǲСƿһɫĪͷľԪȴʼûܵʲôӰ죬ΪĪĴ߶öâøˣһԴԴϵɢĪػܲ͸硣
ըŸոսΧĺûȫɢȥĪŵīȾ̱Īһ˦һɫĹâķ˹خ
ĪӵӰľԪı£ٵĳ˺һˮֱ˹خߵĸ
һεξӨˮخһĨ֮ɫղſǳԹˮĿͷģССһˮΣ̺òеɵ
خٵĴó˸ղǸɫСڴ򿪵һ˲䣬һŨĺ̴Ӳ֮г˳Χ׵İ
ԭǰĪӣʱһתʼˣͬʱо˦ȥīȣ·̶֮һ㣬ǰ֮ƲϵļͬʱԼ֮ϵҲЩӰˡ
һĪ̽ī˻īȻһɫĹâ·ɻصеһ̣ĪӿһƬŨĺ֮УһƬĽ⣬Щˮ̺ǳ֮ˡ
Щ񱩵ǳ֮ЩŨĺ̲ϵ˺Īӿں֮еĹخǸԴԴϵɢź̵ĺɫС
خź˵Īӣ¶һЦݣϳһ˿֮ɫȻһƮɢգۼͺΧĺΪһ塣
ŹخɢԭЩŨḷ́ʼٵ䶯Լ¶һӣ͹خһģһɵĿն˫ۣһֹĸо
ĺ̾£һ˲Ȼ͵䱬ĪΧһҵĲڶܲ£ѾܵһεĴ
ȻֻǸոտʼѣΧЩ̣ʱ·𳹵׻һ㣬֯һĪӵΧ
ĪӵЩٺһɵӴʱĪԼˮ䵽պϵȻͷԼߵڲϵĵ˵Ǳʴ
һ㣬Īüͷһ壬еī֮һ㣬ȻĪȵļˣһɫĹηɢһ˲ɢһƬĺ̡
ȥ
һֱƯĪͷľԪĪһͻȻ뿪Īӵͷһҫ۵⣬ȻҵĳƿһȦḷֱ́Ǹź̵ĺɫС
ᣬ·޿ײḷ́̽ĪΧƺû˵Īӣ֮Уخ֡
ں̵Īһ׵ķΧ֮ʱĪϵͻȻ޷ԶųһƬ⣬âתˮǲĺ֮ǰȻûľԪôǿʱӸĪһӦʱ䡣
خǰһƬ⣬ѾͺΪһûзѶһķɽţߴһȣһ㣬Ӧʱ򣬾ͼĪӵīѾͷ¡
ãخһһ뵽ĪӾȻӦô죬ֱӱīȴУͺΪһ״̬Ҳֲסˣֱӱīȵһԭ״̬εɳȥ
ۼԼһĪ΢΢һ⣬ղʵҲûԼһܹС
ղǵ⣬ϵģȻذԼƵ£Īӻȥ֮Լһʱ䣬ڸմﵽƷĳ̶ȣֻܹߵ
ַڹخĹ˵˶ķЧֻ΢赲һ£Ҳûʲô⣬Է׾ٵĴˡ
ɽһ񹥻ǿĪҲʹùεЧѣֱùخʧȥ˶ܵĻᣬݺݵİīһ¡
űɳȥĹخĪҲûз㶷Źʱٴεһˮͬʱ廯һ⣬īȸ߸ߵ𣬺ԥķ˽Ĺ
ղŷɳȥľԪҲ˻ͬһŵ⣬ײ˵ɳȥĹخ
Σս٣خҲԼĴ汻īȴУѾܵһЩˣĪӽĹֻҪһôȴģп
ǧһ֮ʣخҲòóԼѹ׵ıֶΣڵ;УͻȻ֮ѳ룬һ뿴õ·͸ģһʵ塣
һΪգۼ䣬ĪҲ֪ӦùĸʱѵãûĪԥĻᣬֻѡ˹еһ
ĪսĿѡǸʵ壬خǰ˰ʣʹǻĹ޲̫һĪӾãԼӦù
Īй䵽ǸʵϣǿĹ̽˷ɻңǸЩõĹخȴվ
Ĳһ񾳽ʿͲһ㣬ˡخԼõ壬û̫ĶĪ˵
ĪʱҲخϢûʲô٣ʵҲûܵӰ졣
ֶεǲֻߣһߴ˵ûκӰ죬ֶΡĪӿ˵
˰֮ȻҪһڲͬˣһ˵ˣֶôûӰ죬͸ղһΣҵûʮ֮»ָ˰֮خǷǳ̹ϣû˿ĽԼղʩչֶεĴ˵˳
ŶȻֶòˣ㻹жٵܹһսĪī΢΢̧һ˵
һûжܹӮ㣬ǻطǾͲһˣ㲻ҵӵ𣬱𼱣ʹȥǡخĪӵĻٴðһ˵
һ䣬ĪӸоԼΧĿռ䷢һЩ仯΢΢ԥһ£ĪûֹΪҲ뿴հڵôˡ


ڶʮ ռհ
ĪӲûֹԼخϣ¶һĨЦݡ
ܿ죬Īһֿռ任ĸоȻţΧøˣͬʱΧĹøǿˣԼ֮䣬ΧĻԼڵתһѹơ
ȻѹƵǿܹӰһЩԼս
Ī෴ΧĹøŨڹخüΪϵϢøǿһЩ
ΧĻһƬڣ΢ѹƣԼΧбøŨĹĪӿܻΪԼڸղŵĹС
΢ѹƸУΧøŨĹĪӣѾڸղŵĹˣҪǣĪӶߴһЩսȻıȽԶȴǳ
ҸʵĹ⣬ҵӵܣھͿԴȥ˶Խ㡣˶ԼĻخûмŶĪӶ֣ǲŲæ˵
ĪתͷĿнķһƬڣʱʱԼâƾˣӦþǸղԪɾĻʳں˽֡
ôҹȥ𣿡خҲǸһۣȻĪ˵
Ļոһ䣬ĪȻعͷī䡣
خοһõȫĹȣȸղűøˡ
ˣ̫ˣҺĴȥҵӵܣ㾹Ȼ׼͵Ϯңҽ㴵ɡخֽһЦݣ˲˺ͯаЦȻԼǸɫСƮͷ
ɫСϷһڹ⣬ȻССĲѸٵǴ󣬴򿪴ĶţȻ󴵳һɵɫĿ硣
ľԪƮĪӵͷһ䣬ͬʱϵķҲɢһȦ⣬Īεıɼˣǵڷ紵Īɸоһ⡣
ҷɰɣخĵĴһ
Ȼ󵭺ɫĿøˣһĿȫ׼ĪӣαԼĪӴòϺˡ
ԼòϺˣĪӡһȦ׹ĪӵΧᵽĽ£ȻĪӵĽŵ׿ʼһٵߣĪߴȥ
ոףͱǵɫĿ紵ϣȻ󴵳һƬƬıмΧ衣
ţЩıмͼĪӵĲ£˳ΧһػأǱߵĹخȥ
ѽˣмخͺһܾĺһ㣬̴һջǸɫСȻתܣȻǱڽ֮
Īӿ˿ΧȻֿ˿Ǳڽֵĵط΢ԥһ£Ȼλһ׷ȥ
鷢ĵطǱߣȻӦԪɾĸڽ֣ȥЩΣգҪ֪հڵǵȥǱ߿
Īһ׷ͿǰخӰٶȲ죬ڷĪ׷֮ٶȻһЩͺղڹĪһ㡣
ûãĪӿخͣȻҲͣסˡ
㲻Ҫҵӵ𣬿ǾخŸĪӣֳı飬ֱָǰһƬط˵
Ī˳ָĵطȥȿһƬԫϱڣһЩʬ
ƬӦЩ޳ס֮أȻȽǽǹҲȽϾ£ҲΪղŵĽ֣ѾΪһƬԫϱڡ
ƬԫϱУһЩõĽ۵ľһƬ㳡屻һ֣ں֮УԼԿӰƺȫһ⡣
ĪӿһӰʱĿһǲҪҵհ
ٴλһ⣬ĪӿǺ֮ǰ̿˺֮еˣҪҵհףհ׵ߣܲӰ
˿վһհ׵ͷϣſһдֵɡϴһ⣬סɡµˡ
ɡĪհպʱ͸հ׵ɡ˿ɡϴĵɫѾȽϰˣ̺ԸѾ챻Ĵˡ
֣ܲĪ˽еͬʱеīǰһȥͼƿһ
ϧѾǷīȣһ·εĺȴ˿κβãûں֮ϣȻ˽֮
ں֮еհƺĪӵǳĪӿһۣϳǰĪӵʱв¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
׷ƲģҲҪƣǶûµģϵĵϾȻıܹԸػɱҵӵҪһЩԺ飬ҲҵӵǿخҲٴĪߣź֮еļ˵
ĻĪĿ䵽ӵܵϣȻɫ͵һ䣬תͷһߵĹخ
ǣ飿
ĪӵɫخȴЦǰѧϰټ֮ǰΪΪӮһ㿴ֱӾͻλá
֮УհءҵӵܣǵҲһ⣬ĪӸղעհ׵ϣתͷӵܣȴϵĽ⣬Ȼ⡣
ĪѾˣò̾Щ޵ĵԼΪ
ĪѾӵϷʲô£Ĺ򣬾ǻеתɰ˰ĴڣһخҲû⣬ȻҲǹĴڵġ
ӵܴӳµڣȥʱѾˣôʱ䣬塢ʳĪԼ֪ˣʵ϶һ㣬ǾֻҪ򲻵ѵʱЩ޲ӵܲ
ڰǰʵѾ˵ҶˣЩԶȴԤ֮еҪ
Щʧٵӵܣڹ֮ʱ䣬հɡػءӵѾȾȻڵӣȴǳΪ飬˵֪Ϊطԭ
ѶطĪһŹخ˵
֪طخĿĪһۣȻȻ䷴Ӧһ㣬´Īһ
ĪӣӰصĪӣ˵Ϥ˵ĶԣطôõĶȻҪ壬İ棬ô˶гΪĻᡣ
֮ǰǴΣĻʳѹˣܶ˶֪طһΣӵӣһ׶ط
خո˵꣬ĪѾٴλӶīȣŹخ£һΣĪдųɱ⣬ȫҪɵخ
ĪӶڵʳ͵ڶʳ֮ĶԹûҪ뷨ԼʦհףĪӱ֤ԶԶģɲôĪӶԼǺܼᶨġ
خЩ޵ΪѾǵǰʳĶԹˣڸһأ棬Ϊһ֮˽ģĪҲɱġ


ڶʮ ɫ
ĪӵĹخû˿ĵˣΪĻ˵ǳĪһЩѹơ
ӸղŹ֮ǰ֮ݵĽ֣Ѿȷһ㡣
ԭΪҪ߹Īӣֶֻκ;鲻ĪӣеķҲֻǸɫСĪʱ·磬ɲˡ
ң򲻹ղһѡ
һĺӹخֱӭīȣͬʱǸɫСҲɵͷѸٵĴ򿪣ж£ɫĿٴξ
Сͨˮľ廪
ĪһοɱĵģȻ˿ֱ֣ӾóԼСͨ
ƬǿĹ֮УĪӵʵܵһЩѹƣչԼСͨʱһӰУĪ̸оԼϵѹһɣ΢ѹƸУĪСͨʩչȫӰ첻ˡ
ĪʹԼСͨخ̻ź󷽼ˡ
ǸɫСУⴵŵɫĿ磬ڽĪСͨķΧ֮Ҷͻ걻Χ衣
ЩҶͻƮڿУȻûбɫĿ˺飬ֻſԴԴϵĴЩҶͻ·Ҳûоͷһ㣬ϵΧƮ䣬ת֮䣬Χǧ׵ķΧڣѾȫлҶƮ衣
ԼСͨķΧĪһӡȻƮĻҶһ˲һ⣬ȻڿƮٶȱøˣ·һתɫٵΧС
خźһƬƬҶͻεĵסЩҶͻʵ̫࣬ò赲ЩƣӦ
ĪӵĹʱŸոտʼѣԼСͨķΧУĪеķ任һˮۣһϸܵˮߣΧɢǿĴ͸Źخȥ
خһʱ죬ΧĺһϸϸˮߴƣȻһˮ˽
خһˮߴ͸ֶҲοٵĻûܵصˣ̾չ˷
Ĺ𣡡
خ˫ҲһһɭɫĻǰۣȻٵĴ䵽һϸܵˮϣȻ䵽ȼ֮ϣٵʸˮߵı棬ҵȼ
ĪӿһĻɢȥǼˮߣȻеķ΢΢ãʣˮ߿ٵĽ֯۳һܵĴŹخֶȥ
خٴηһĹͼƿŴȻȥڴ֮ǰһˮɵͻȻ£˱Ĺ䵽Ѿɱϣӵٶȷǳ
خûоסֻһȻǿȲûеܹסĳ̶ȡ
ƣخһǰ̽пٸһ۳һֻʮҵĹצصǲϡ
Źצ䣬̱飬ɾһ˲䣬خоһΣٵļ£ָоǳǿңΪֹǰδеġ
ָоԺηخͿǰһϹԼвϵķŴ󣬾֮ٶ֮죬ԼӦǵϹѾüĴ
ɹخǿˣǵϹһɫˮΣ·ǳۣΣա
һɫˮΣȻĪӵǹˮˣǹˮ䵽خüĵһ̣ĪȻûаɣһֲΪָָһǹˮѾۣѾ׼ʩչˡ
ǹˮĪӵȻǳģһݵʱǹˮȴûܹԷɵǱϵı֮ˣһöԷˡ
خҲǳĪӾӦҲı֮Լȡ˽ѵһ׼ٲһ
ʵ֤Īӵĵûһ⣬ǹˮ䵽خüĵһ̣̳һϽɫĹâǹˮֵܵסˡ
Ȼֱ֮Īͷƴһǹˮ̷
ǹˮͨҪκɣֻΪĪӵΪͨǳǹˮûȫӳĪӸոͨʱǹˮѾǿ֮Է赲סֻΪԵĶҲǿ˶ѡ
ոĹخûȫΣ룬ͿĪһǹˮȫԼĻᣬɵҲоЩ
û뵽ĪӾȻôĹֶΣһɫˮΣԼϵı֮Լ鶼ˡ
خ˻ɢ׼ǹˮֱܹĨɱڳĨɱĴڣֳ׵Ҳһ˿־塣
ۿһǹˮٽخо֮ʵĴֲͬʱҲһ˿֮С
ʱڹخǰͻأĴӿռһɫǵǹˮ֮ǰΣյʱ˹خ
ǹˮ䵽ڵϣһƬϹ⣬ӿ۲ȻɫĹâʧˡ
ţڵڿһ˦һɫ磬ֱ˦Īӡ
ãĪһѾоɫвУٶȿӦ
ĪֻһɴԼؿڣ岻ĵ˳ȥͬʱʩչСͨȫӲĴɢ
Ī󵹷ɳ˼ʮףоԼؿһʹͷһĪӾͿԼؿڴһѪۣ˿ڴһЩһɭĹϴ˿ڴԼɢ
ˮ⣡ûκεԥĪʩչˮ⣬ˮɫĹâǰ˿ڴЩ˿ڴĺܿˮ±ɢĪǰ˿ҲٵĻָϡ
УɫûжĪӷڶιǱ˾ãĪСɫҲҪΡ
Сͨһ£Ϸµķҽһιο²ҲѲƤϧ£ûã״ˡĪЩҵ
ܹסղŵһһĪȫСֿͨһ棬Ķϵ¡
ŸղһֳΪǱʵķ£ǳ׵ķˣڲߵȫؿڴǱ˺һӣܹ޸Ŀ΢΢
Ƶķ»кüȥһЩĪӾ¼һķ£Ҳ̫ۡ
ڵڽĪӳ֮΢ͣƬ̣Ȼ󽫹خ˾ȻûС
ߣ£ڵŹخոûУһȻ֮ǰλԪɵӰĪӵС
һλԪɺɵ׷ȥһλͣĪӵߣĿЩӵĿ˺֮еհ׵ˡ


ڶʮ 
վĪߵλԪɣλԪɾĻʳУĪӻֵ֪λ
ڿһۺ֮հ׵ֽ֮ĿתĪӵϣĪؿڴ¶һı˵
Ĳʷģڷ֮³һЩС
ǰˣǳ˴ĪӿЦҡҡͷͬʱָԼؿķ˵
ˮؿڵƻָԻȽ鷳
ͬʱĪҲңղŶԷûиԼڶ£ԼɲһܹסʱҲѲƤ
ܹڶԷһбסѾ൱ˡλԪ˵
䣬Īӻûü˵ʲôһӰͻȻӿռһǸղ׷ȥһλԪǨ
ΣǨͻȻ֣λԪʵ
˰һ£ʱˡǨҡҡͷ˵ϵҲûʲôɥֻǻͷһۺ֮еļˣüͷ΢ɲһ¡
޷ӲˣΣǵڶʳͥҲסǡλԪǨĻҲֻͬƽĵ˵ͷ
Ȼȥɣε飬ѾǻʳˡǨҲ˵ͷ˵
һ䣬Ǩǰĺһ׹⣬׹û֮УȻûܹƿ
Щŵǿƿ˵ˣ޵ѻҪЩһһλԪ΢Ц˵
Ǩԣǰһ˫ſʮָֻϣͻȻʮһ׳̵׹⣬ָԾš
׷ĪӿһĻǰ΢΢һУ׷ǿһ֮һͬҲա
Ǩ۵ʮ׵磬Ʋǿȴʵʵڵ׷ĪҲᵥΪһλԪʩչ׷̶ֳֻȵơ
ǨӦǺ˵ˣԲſ׷ܽ񱩵׷Ƶ˳̶ȣҲܿԷʵĸĪ⡣
·˫ʮ׵磬ǨĽ˫̽˺֮УָԾŵ׵磬˺˿ᱡʵ쳣ĺ

³һ֣Ǩ˫һĶղŻ쳣ĺһ̱Ӳ˫˺
˺ǰĺ֮Ǩֻӳһ׹⣬Žɫءӵ˹ȻĿ⿴˳ɡǳհ׺߻Եܲհ˵
㵹һñܹס
лǰȡհ׳Ǩ˵Ҫһ񣬿ϧڷǳû
֣ĪʱæǰٵķסհףȻߵܲһ£ܲȻһЩˣû̫⣬֮ԻԲѣֻĳЩѣֻҪɢЧûˡ
Ī֣հ׿ŷסԼĪӣĵ˵ͷȻû˵ʲô
ǨһλԪɻһۣȻλԪɶĪ˵ЩһûУˣǾ뿪ɡ
Ƕ˻СĪӸæ˵
Ļһ䣬ͼλԪɶԼ˻֣Ȼٴθеһռ֮УǰѸһ䣬Χɫʾͱ÷ḻˡ

ʱ֮󣬽ϵĸۡĪԼСԺУֱ߷һȻĿ˻ʹķ
֮еˣѾͻص˸Ӧȥĵطӵܶˣȴûн
ϸۡУڵղãհѾȥϢˣҲϢרΪơ
Ϊ˵أʱǺءҵһǰ˻ʹ֮С
ŻʹķĪӼѾԸоһֱѹָУջĿ⣬һֱߵĻĪԭŽȥϾһռ䷨Ȼڲռ䲻󣬵Ҳ֮ڵգԼʱǻȥˡ
ƸոմǷϣĪͻȻͿУʳ֣֮Ȼʮ֮󣬷֮ʧˡ
ʳѾͨ˸ҪЩǰĹ׵ĲˡĪ
Īʱ򣬻ʳطҲȷһ㣬ܶ˶ӵ˻ʳȴϢ
һʱʱ䣬յϢطѾж
ڣһλѩŮӵľеӣӾڵפ߳λһ̫һȵ⣬ݵķȥ
ңԶϣһ¹⣬Ŵ׹䣬ǻʳ񶼣ԼпһӰ
һɽϣһ£ˣĳʣһ⣬Ӱ֮С

һЩԸĵӣͬʱϸ˻ʳ񶼣⻹һЩˣڤѾʼжˡ
ʹУ͸ոսҵߣɫ΢Щѿ棬˳˼֮С
ôղѾźˣֻҪȴ˶ȻҴһ£һԼҪĽͿˡ
ڿǵģĲӰ졣
ԭǰһε뷷⣬ͿʼնڻʳĹˣͬʱҲ˻ʵλñøȹˣһпʼźõķչ
ŹôһֿΪ֮ǰЩŬһӴۿۣԼոΪ˻ʵţһοʼҡ
ղʱ򣬳˽֮⣬֮Ѿȷʾ˲֮ءǱҪҲһȽͷʹ¡
黹ûĵزЩҪĴۣĴҪĶ࣬ιǰ޵᳹𡣡ͻعĿǽϵǷӴ
վߵǷǰﰲվ
֣һɻȴǰĸҲ㣬ֵáŻˣаţͬʱϵɢһײĻȡ
һݣһƬɽҰУخһöǶ뵽һУȻ˵һ䡣
ţһԶһѣֽһö˽ȥ
һһݣ
خθոһͻȻ䶯ͣԼ߲ԶͻȻһߴӢˡ
Уʱ㲻Ӧóخǰ˵
һۣҪȻԺͼˡͻȻڹخߴӢ˾ǹУޱĿǰĹخ˿˵
㿴ûˣ͸Ͽ뿪ɣ˿һҲҪܵǣخ˵
ڻᵣôӦòϱһɣм˵
ӦѾ˰ɣǾͱ˵ĻҲ飬Ŷһĥһ˰ˡخʼ򣬷ǳѵ˵


ڶʮ ˵
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Ź뿪ıӰخԭղŵĹȴоһĪķꡣ
һˣô࣬๻ãǻȥɣخҡҡͷ׼ʣµΧһףλһźҲ˲ʧԭء
񶼽ϵĸۡУĪվհ׵ĴǰŻָһЩհף΢ЦſֿӻָĲֻҪһʱ䣬Ӧþˡ
հ״ʱ״̬ȷǳϲȱٸֵҩҲȱٶҽ֮ˣ̾͸հõĵ
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հ֪ĪΪԼӦúúõ÷УаʵӣΪԼԭĪӲò£񶼰æ
ཻһĻö˵ˣɽ½״ŵʱҲղһҲûô顣ĪЦŴȤһ䡣
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֮ܲŷһƱ˻ܲ뵽˻֮С
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˱հ׵ɡȻûжհôֻǽհ׹˺֮С
ϼѧԨԴհ֪Լ֮УҲҺ£ɡԼĹʴΪ˰˰ĴڣԾһֱɡ
ֹ˼հ׼˱ӽءҵӵܣʱѾ飬һ⣬ȴһֱԲѡ
֮飬λԪɾĻʳɱ֮УĪҲˣȻհ׾ͻˡ
ԼеЩհڴϣϴ˼ıĪ˵Ī֣ҾãʾƺЩ̫ǣˣ
ţΪʲôôãĪԣЩʵ
֮ĪӼûм־壬ˣڶߣİټѧɣټЩ飬ͨ˽״̬취ѹ
ߡ֮˵ȫ־ͣҲ⣬ĳЩֶΡ
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հ׵ĽͣĪ뵽˹خڶԷԼֵĹУخҲƺЩϲŭ޳ʱЦʱŭʱ侲࣬ʱƤͯʶǺѣȫûз
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ˣһûзǡʸӦ˵뿪ڶߵĹخ˵
ǲһʱǻֲˣȵʱһ˴ĵطҲǣ¾ͻ˳ֻٵȻǳخԣҲ˵һ䡣
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ʵĻخ¶һԴŪЦݣʣͷҵȻŸһѾˡ
خĻһ˵꣬ΣյϢͻȻɢ˱ޱ飬ȴһŤĹʡ
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ʵ˵ѵģخҲЩȷֻ˵״̬ʣº͡ûйԵġ
ˣҼ£δ̤ϸ·ǿٻĴۣҲˡخ˵꣬Ȼþɥ·һʧİߵĺӡ
ҲˣȵµЩȫ·ˣҲֵˡͳ˵Ҳͬһֱ˾ɥʡ


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ĪӾȻհ׺ĵ죬հѾȫָˣܲϵҲѾָЩհ׵лһҲȫָˡ
ԼǰհףĪӾԼһ˵ĿѾˣԼ뿪ʱˡ
֡ܲڶѾָˣ뿪÷۶գ׼ȥˡĪӶհ׺ܲ˵
հԣתͷһܲȻ󿪿˵ĪһΪҵˣȥҲӦõģҽĪֿԶͣգϾⳡϷѾ˸βĽ׶ˣĪִʵڿϧ
հ˵仰ʱĪԸоհϴɱ⡣
Ϊϵӵܣհһֱ˱񣬸˵ĸоĶţⲢհûƢǰûƢںĵطվ˽Ÿ֮հҲûƢ
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ĴհôܾȻЩһȥ·ϣհ׼һѡ
Īհ׵ĻҲ΢΢һĶ鵽ĻʱԼƺҲô죬Ǳ˵ͷ
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ĪӲںЩհһȥˣȵ˵طҲ岻죬հ׻Լ
հЦЦҲûٴ룬תͺص뿪ˡ
հ׵뿪ĪӴӴ֮ó˰ٻ裬еĸԼһ裬Ȼһڣ¶ܵı顣
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ܹѣЩ޵İȻЩƽֻЩ⼿ѵǴ֮ãܶȥܹǷ㲻٣ߣܹЩޣпʵ
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һԵ˽̸ʱ򣬴ͷβûвһ죬Ե÷ǳİֱվҪߵʱͻȻסóһ
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һ̣һίͬʱԺ֮УֲԾðһЦݲõӰ

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ĿɨĪӵߣȻ¶һĨȻ֮ɫĪ˵ͷջĿ⡣
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ڶʮһ ׾ٵս
ĪĿ⿴ɽͬʱڶǰһ˵
ҵЩˣ
Ī̽תǰͷųԼʶܿͿǰٵĹޣͷǺĪӽֵ˹خ
վһҰخĿҲڿɽķ򣬻ߵЩޣһҲԵ÷ǳİôƯΧѾоĪӵ˵ĿҲκεĶ
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Īз̾ȴͻȻһ͵ײһ֪ĸĸֱ֣Լ֮Լ¶һӰ֮ǰĪӽֵĹخ
ԼĹخĪ֪ԷǿԼרųԼģҲûκԥָһָһ㾧ӨˮͬʱīȳУľӭȥ
ĪӵˮخһĨ֮ɫ֮ǰǳԹˮĿģ֪ССһˮΣ̺ſ񱩵ǳ֮֮ǿС
֪ˮخȴҲûкˣѡӭһѾ׼˵ûʲôηġ
Ī߸ճȥߵܲʱҲˣֵӰͻȻ䷢˱仯һֻ˫ᣬͨɫֻһͷȴƺſڵĹŹޡ
ڹخƴȫֵסĪһˮ֮׼ӦĪӽĹʱĶͻȻһȡ
ս壬ɻꡪʽ
ûȹخӦͿһֻ;޴˵ԼǰɢһɻǵȻײɳȥ
ײɳȥĹخɫ˲٣Ȼ⧲֮£һ˵òᡣ
ûеȹخأһɫĹâͻȻĻ壬׵סˡ
âԸղűײɳȥλ֣ղűײɳȥʵûܵʲôˣֻ΢Щӣڳ׼ᣬ׼ֱخܻ
âϹخɫĹâ·һ²ƣخ̱˿Уûκ֮ıܻˡ
ĪӿһĻеīȷ£΢оЩΣԼѾ׼Ҫսһոճ֣սȻͽˣָоȷܡ
ŹخסսҲͬʱβΧЩޣʱѾ˴룬ֻʣһЩΪȽϸߵĻڸ翹ۼҲŲ˶ˡ
ӥǵޣλµĽһüĵһ̣ҹⳡݵսĻˣֻҪȴλԪɺսĽ
ĪĿɨһȺЩһ٣ֻļϴˣھⳡս֮Ǻ˵һȫѹս
ս˽ĿսʣΨһһޣҲѾܻĹخ
Ż尵ﶯõĹخ½гֽ˹ȥ˹خǰгâһȻخŵĳɫâֱӱһնȴû˵خ
Ϲخ½˵
Ѿ÷ǳĹخǰ½ޣȻЦЦ
̫һں͹ϻ壬˴˼Ĺϵڳ˶һ̫һڵҲˣǾʹǲЩޡ
ǵڶʳһʴΪ޿ˡϾǻʴӦ֮ܽ裬·½ûΧˣֱӿŹخ˵
лˡخЦŵͷڶʳ̫꣬һһֱǱ֧ߣڣȻһ˿ݡ
ͷ·ˣ뻻һ̡خһ˵ţһ߽ĿĪӡ
Ⱥ󼸴ΰУҵȷĶ֣ܷͷһ̣


ڶʮ ø
خĻ˵꣬ڳ˶Ŀ⿴ĪӣٶЩȣϾڳУĪΪȽϵ͵һɹخȴܾ̫һڵĵӣѡĪԼһ̡
ΧĿעӣĪҲЩȣû뵽󣬹خȻԼæ
Ŀע£Īǰ̤һīȳУĹخĪ΢΢˵ͷ
鷳һ㣬ллĪӵͷخЦЦ˵
һԵİ½޿߹ĪӣһĪÿ˵ط
ӭΧ˵Ŀ⣬ĪӻеīȣīҲͬʱһɫĹâ
خ¶һѵı飬ͷһɽķ򣬿ǱûͣЪ׵磬ֵһ¶һ΢Ц
ҲʱĪеī£خ΢Щ͸Ļ壬īһ³׵ˡ
خǸ΢Цı鶨ϣʱĪȴоЦݳ˽֮⣬ƺһЩ֮ɫЩ졣
ûеĪȫ͸ЦݣخĻͳ׵ˣĻ岢ûЩͨʱܿĻʧǻһ㣬ΧɢȻٵĻ
ãˣ
ʱĪͻȻɫһ䣬ЩĿУ˵ϡ
Ī֣հ׿ĪӵӣٵߵĪӵߣ߶еɡĪҲɡ£ȻŵĿĪӡ
˿ĪӣȻ˫ۣϵıȴǷǳḻϲŭָ鲻ϵϳ֡
龰ڳλ֪ܲĪնɱخʱԷһ֣һ˲䣬˶ҡҡͷλڶʳĻʴްֺøУҲһЩ˽Ŀ⿴λ½ޡ
λ½üͷĿһ£һϵϢҲ֮˭óλ½ҲһЩŭ
Ų΢ƺҪǰȥĪӵ״̬ȴɡµĽסˡ
½޽ĿͶհףհҲǺõ֮ӣ˶û˵
ʱĪȻ֪緢ʲôղ͹خ·Īû뵽ʱ򣬶ԷȻû˿ȣԼһ£ȷǳԤϡ
Ȼ֪ԷԼֶΣڷԼϵı仯ʱĪͻȻã񲢲⣬Լ˵ҲһҲ˵
Դ֮ĪһֱһȽƽĹУϲŭܸоǶӰȴǼˡ
ͱһϲ£ԭܹ˸еϲ񣬶ڵĪ˵ͬˣԶԶﲻϲı׼
ڣĪֻԼʼҵı䶯ǰĸּȫԺУһĻĻ֮еϲŭֵ֣һ˲֣һһŴ౻
鷢ͨϣǵȷһ£־ҵ䶯֮£룬ô˶죬пܾ
ƫƫĪӵϣΪֹһֱûҪߣٶȣĪӾԼٻҪ֮
ĪӵҵĲ֮ߣҲڿٵΣԼѾԿһ
ĳͣͬĪԵܲע⵽Īϲϱ䶯ƽƺ˲Сǰհ˵
ӣĪӦûˡ
ںλ½޶ӵհԣתͷĪһۣĪϵıȷƽȻϵϢһЩңղѾ˺֪ܶ࣬ĪǺתˣҲ¶һЦݡ
λ½޺Χ˼״Ҳ׷׿ĪӣĪӵȷתˡ
ֵûãĪϢҲĹƽȣȻ󻺻˫ۡ
۵ĵһʱ䣬ĪӾͿվԼǰɳɡհףһߴӵվһЦſڵ
лػ
֮ͶѣĪھôʲôҪģհ׿ѹĪʵ
£ԷǰһСֶΣ仯ûʲôӰ죬ø̼ӿ˲٣ֲΪҵġĪӶհ˵
һ䣬հ׻ûüڣλ½ͻȻڵʲôˣ뾡ܿڣһ⿪ġ
Īԣתͷλ½һۣȻҡҡͷлˣûʲô¡
Ī֪λ½ǾԼܵ㣬һЩϾĬخĪ·ĪҲͲ󱻰㣬ҪԲһ¡
Īڻøһ¶ûУҾôһ£ѾҪˣ˵һĺϢٹһʱ䣬ĪӾܹ봿磬ΪһĴˡ
ôѾõˣԼĹخҲԼģλ½޹ϵҲûжĪӴ㽫ҹȥ
λ½ĿĪһۣȻص˵ͷûټ˵ʲô
ĪСٴνĿԶɽߵսѾˣһȫѹʵսûлʱ䣬ɽǱߵսȻڼ
ĪĿҲͶǸ򣬿ɽǱŰ׵磬к׵һͬĪӽڵ˵˫Ŀ
ĪΪԽԽߣҲԽԽǿˣһЩͨСĪȫҪӡȫ
ʹ֮ĪӶɽǱߵľøˡ
ĪӲ֪ԭɽжߣܲǷǳߵɽڣڽֵĵطɽԭɽͱΪƽء
Īӿڿ񱩵׵УһӰз裬һȫǱֳӣڱΧѾ᧿Σƺʱᱻ¡
ôֻλλԪɲûг𣿡һĻĪЩɻ뵽
ת֮䣬ĪӱȻˣԪɾĸ֣һͬΧһЩԪҲҪӵѽ
ƾǱڽ֮˵ƣǽֵನûӰ쵽Χ˵ʣµλԪʵҲûš
ڵĻ裬״Ѿǿ֮ĩǹȴԵԽˣƺȫоԼ״̬
Ժη񷢶ʣԪɾǿһʱ֮Ҳ޷ٵĽս
ۿʱѾôã״̬ԽԽƫƫûʧȥ֮Ĺ˿ͣЪλԪһսҲһЩ
˶ԸһˣһЩƴֶΣмôãǱϾϵƣôû޷£ܹ黹Щ޹⡣
һ˲䣬λԪɷǳĬĻһۣͬʱӴ˹ȣ׼һٽ£ҹս


ڶʮ 
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λԪͬʱǿ˳֮ԶۿĪӵˣҲɽǱս
ԭѾ᧿ΣʣλԪɸǿĹƣλڵˣ
ڲ״񲣬Ծѹ£Ҳֻаһ֡
Ǩӡһ׳׵зɳǿ˺һȱڣλԪɣһһ⣬һ˲һɽ˲Ǹȱڹ룬ԼٶȣֱӾ͵ʵǰ
״ʱǷǳѣ˲仯һͼѾǰĹ
ǰɽֱ͸˺ֱ֮ں˺һ飬ǵ䵽ϣҲһȱڡ
ڴʱһ׵罵٣׵֮У˲ɢɢź
׵ŰУԭϲ׵磬Գ塣
ϧԳĵһʱ䣬ǰɽɶأ⴩ʵĻ壬ʽҪĶ׵Ķסˡ
΢΢죬ƺ˵ʲôǻûеڣһ׵罵٣׽Ļ顣
ǰ޵Ϊҹȣˣ͸ˡʵĻɢǨ
λԪԣҲ΢΢ͷû˵ʲôʲôҪˡ
ԶĪӵ˿һĻһۣҶףҹĿѾˣʱûȥˡ
Īӿʱնɱ֮ԭսΧһ㵭ɫİι˸һ£ȻʧˣţӰ߷֮ǰӰλԪɡ
ǨԪҲ׼Īӵ˷ȥ뿪֮ǰǨ΢΢ͣƬ̣űղսݲеһƬǽĴأǨֶŵһץĶͷ·ʲôץ
ݲеһƬǽĴϣһɽͻȻεض
Ļ֮أʷҲͬмأɽӦüȥӦþʹ˱١ǨλԪ˵һ˵꣬α㻯һ⣬Īӵ˷ȥλԪɿһ±ɽ壬Ҳһݹȥ
ڼλԪɻʱĪע⵽ǨʵɱǳǨӦǻȥ˻ʸġ
ˣĪӵٴͨ»ùţصǳĵط񶼵ĳſڡ
˳ʱʱպҹڹȻû̳ʱ䲻һҹ̶̵ʱУǰĹѾʹ߽ˡ
λ£һͬǰʹ˻ʱ»ڵȴϢǨڵһͬ˵
ĪһͬǰʹȥϢһ£հԣתͷĪʵ
ͬȥɣĪһûоܾѡ˺հһͬǰ
һͬʹҹĹֱӾǿŵģƺһֱڵȴˡ
ĪӺһͬʹУ̤빬ŵһ̣һϤѹƸнϡ
Īӵνʹָоɲϰߡ
ܿ죬ĪӾͺʹһ˻ͣμĵطĪ֮ǰȥĵطͬεĵطԱȽʽ
һǳΰĹУ˻ڸߴһƴ߽ˣû˿ı飬Ŀ֮ȴ·̺޾ϡ
˻ʱ£ǰ󲿷Ѿɨʵնɱʣǹޣڤ˼ǨΪʳĹʱֵķǳ
˻ʶЩԪʽĳϣΪʳĹҪܵ˻ʵϡ
ǨĻ˵꣬һԵǰһǰ
Ǩڵϣ͵˻͵ǰ
࣬ҲͬλˣʣЩĴɢĹޣҲϣܹģһֱ֣ӴɱͿһ۰ǰ΢΢˵ͷȻ·˵
Ҳûʲôýģ֮ǰͲѾˣں£ʵô֣ڸԵΧЩޣԸ˳ֽһ£ҲỨ˼ջҪʳԼȥ
ȻӦû壬رءңǾԻ˻ʣЩǰϾɱ
ǣڽҪ˵֮󣬸ĸ־Ϳʼ׷˻ʴУΪ˻ʵҲûֻǷǳٷĽˣԼƶʺá
ĪֻվһԿţͨЩڸͻʳ֮ĹϵĪһΪ˽⡣
Ÿ˷׷׸뿪մʣµˣֻ˼Īˡ
Ī֪˻ʿܻҪ˵ǰһóһݵ˴ߵǰȻ󿪿˵
˻ʱ֮ǰǷ֮һֱûҵύ˻ʱ£ҹᣬصؽͻ
תͷһۣ΢΢˵ͷȻʹĪӵнӹȻ͵͵ǰ
ûнеĻĿһ䵽ĪӵϣȻ󵭵Ŀ˵Īӣ֮ǰµЧԸı⣿
ٴлº⣬һɽҰɢޣΪѵ²񶼣ѾҲûصɽҰСۣҰ׵ˡĪӹһ˵
û˵ֻذ˰֣˼Īӿ뿪ˡ
ĪӼ״תȥհ׵˵ͷȻŻʹȥ
뿪˻ʹ֮Īӻص˽ϵĸۡ׼ȥˣ뿪֮ǰôкܲܲǶɣ
ĪӻصԼСԺʱɫպҲˣĪҲûнڣʼԺΡ
ĪӵνʱհҲոջصۡУֱӾĪˡ
Ҫȥ˰ɣհڼĪֱ֮ӱ㿪˵
˶ң֪֮ҺǸСĪЦŴȤһ䡣
հԣҲͬЦĪֺòһ񶼣öطûȥѵ׼һЩطľ£׼뿪𣿡
л˵ɣѾûʲôˡĪҡҡͷ˵
ԭȷطһµ£ȴûˣ˹خ֮ͻȻøѾҪˣĪڹƼҪصɽ׵ߵ
ĪӲΪܹ̤봿磬һֱάֵˣҲڿԽˡ
ȻˣǾͲĪˡհ׵˵ͷ
ںհ׸֮ĪȥʱʶĽ˸ʵܹҲûмˣءսձˣܻҪһܲ
ں˸֮ĪӾĻӻ֣˵ͱУ뿪˻ʳ񶼣ݵķ
ߵʱսǳĪӣпյʱ񶼣ĪӼĪӾܴӦ룬֪ʱܶˡ


ڶʮ 
Ī̤˹;ǰ·ʱһһĪ׼ƾԼĶһ·ݸϻݡ
·ٶȱҪһЩΪʩչˣ;ҪͣϢָĵʹö·ûз۵ٶô졣
ĪȻҪȥҲûż;Ϣʱ䶼ûУһ·ʩչھԼȤĵطʱ򣬾ͻͣϢһ¡
źķ˰ҵʱ䣬ĪڻصݣٶѾˡ
֪ǺôˣڽݵķΧ֮ĪӼص÷ˣʼļˡ
Īʵ̫ģԼ²õڣĪ΢ЩˣһԸôŶ˾Щס
ڣܹסһЩ̫񣬲һֹ֣ʵҲһˣ֪ĵߣһ²ȥߵġ
ڽ֮Ī΢Ϣһ£ָĵȻһ·㲻ͣЪֱӸӰأصɽ
ո̤ɽĪӾ͸оɽһ˶ûУǺھȻ÷Уüͷһ£Щ뿪ʱ䣬ǲĳʲô飿
ʶɨ÷ۣĪӷ÷вûκε쳣ǺڵķУһЩǵϢƺȥûж೤ʱ䡣
ʶһķſӰأĪӺܿӰسҵ˵ټ˾ȻسеһҾ¥һģȻʿ
ĪӿȻֵ÷ǳİﲻ˵Ǻʿ̸÷ǳ𾢡Ҳûǣλʿ̸һͻתͷ˵仰ȻǱֵĺ䵭֮յҲǳĲ
ǶˣúúʰһĪջԼʶȻ˵Ǻûʲô£ĪҲ˲١
ոմĪûֱɽɽ÷ͣһ£ԼǷһ㡣
ĹУĪӶ˵һԼһ˵ľȻ֪÷ģӦܹõԼ˵Լξ÷˵ǷõϢһҲû
֮ĪӾһɽȥصĪӸоԼ˶̤ʵԭҪϻ飬ڳƽˡ
ص÷УĪӾֱߵ÷£Ȼֱ˷÷µϣ˲һֵ˵ĸо
һ̣ϴʹƺˣĪı۾ôϣĿСͬʱԺлԼһ˵ľԼһ˵ջ
һǰݣҪΪհ׵飬ҪĿĵȻǴˣԼǰһˣҲûջġ
ÿһÿһξһ۽ͼʶջһԣԼ񶼵ľ£˻ʹۼ˻ͣһЩԪɾǿߡ
һεľĪҲǲһ£ۼ֤ǰĸҲ˽һЩǰ˽顣
ΪնɱخʱøĪɹʱ䱻ˣһʡȥ֮ĪʱڣΪͻ硣
ܽһջʵϻõĺôȻûǰ࣬ҪĿˣĶǸľϲѾ㹻ˡ
ãĪͻȻ֮˫ۣоǺѾˡ
ʦ֣˵Ҿѧϰ飬ҪҪǿѧϰʱ䳤̣Ȼҽѧϰʱ̣ѧҶѧĲˣʣµĿϻȥڿΰɣ
Уʦߵʱ򽻴⼸ѹԸи㣬һҪʱڿΣʦС
ʦ֣Ҿ黹һ£
˻ûϵ÷ۣĪӾѾ˵̸ݣĪӲ΢΢ҡҡͷһлĺԼĲࡣ
˵ԽԽûãͽ÷Уǰ棬벽ڣੲݵ˵Ҫıǵ⡣
Ȼ䣬ͣס˽ŲΪϣ΢ЦĿǵĪӡ
ʦ֣㿴ɫѾˣϾӦôȵ죬ҡڻû˵꣬ͿͣסŲǣͻȻ÷ķһ
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ʦ֣ڵķӦҲǷǳ죬˲תͷȥϣЦſ˵Īӣһ˲任һǳϲӡ
ʦ˼һˣһ˳ȥ˳ڵЩӣӺʦֶǳĵʦ۲ۣҪҪȥݱ裿СܵĪӵߣϻǸϲı˵
ԭôǹΪʦʵ̫ˣΪʦʱĽҲΪʦɺúõĿ㡣ĪӿڣϵıЦЦ˵
ʦջһ˰ɣ佱ӵȲżȥݱ裬ʱݲճ˺ܶ࣬ʦ˼ʧġĪӵĻٿĪϵı飬һ˿⣬æ˵
һ˵꣬תܽ˷䣬ȥĪݲȥˣͬʱԹԣʦˣӺӵͷˡ
żæܽڣĪҲû̾ôĿǵϣ´һ¡
Īӷ֣ǵΪԼ뿪ʱУȻѾ꾳ڡ
ĪӵԤ֮У꾳˵һ磬Ҫ˶ãǵΪܹһ꾳ڡ
ǣʱ÷ûзʲô°ɣĪվߵǵʵ
ûʲô£ֻǣʧְûʦУúõĽ̵ʦܣʦ𷣡ߵԼߵĪӣɫ΢Щε˵
˵˵ô°ɡĪʵǳ֪Լ뿪÷֮Ǻ֮ôദģ
Īӵʻûκε̰Ī뿪֮÷ദľ˵һ顣
ǵȷĪӵĽÿϸĽ̵ڣĪڵʱһĿγ̡
ջû͵סڵĥӲݣһյĿγ֮̽ɽȥЩֻǲһѵӣҲһͬȥ
һ֮סھͱñȽˣüζקһɽһ˵ûεĹӰصİգͲ඼ʶĪյӡ
⼸ʱ䣬һڵѣܵӰȻȥ֪֮ôʶһλй۵ѣϲڵǣĪ֮ǰʶһĻ
ܵ˵Ҳûиʲô飬΢̰һ㣬ȻһĥĹһЩҲûʲôЩĪӶܹ⡣
ĪҲµڽû뵽ôãѴ߿ǵĹ£ʶһй۵ѣһ֡


ڶʮ Ӱ
ոջص÷ۣǺʱ£ĪղûʲôʾֻҹĻ٣ȥϢˡ
ڶһ磬÷۵ճʼĪע⵽ϵΣø棬˵Լǰֵĺ档
ν֮󣬾ҪʼĪڿεĻˣһڿʼ֮ǰܵ裬ȻĪӵǰһֺõЦ˵
ʦʦ֣Ȳ裡
ŵݵԼǰĲˮĪ΢΢鴤һ£ЩڵݹǱʱԼ˵ġˡ
ݲգʼȷһ㣬ֻôһѰ
ȻѾݵǰˣֲǲڣĪҲûйڵڣ豭һڣȻ̿ʼ˽ϵڿΡ
ʽµ֮ǰĪȼһʱѧϰĳɹĪӻǷǳ⡣
ʱǵĽ̵£ʵҲû͵ѧϰȷǳССĳһĪӵֵ
ĪӿʼµĶʱ򣬽ڱֵø֮Уѧϰ̬һëֱĿγ̽ڲЦĴյĪӵߣСĪӿ˵
ʦһλңܷɽΣ΢дһµӵλѡ
Īתͷڣû˵һԵǾȻĵҲһ顣
ʦʦܵλרʦܣҲʧʦȥɡ
ĪĿתǣȻֻصڵϣ¶һ΢Ц˵˵ĶԣȻĺר㣬βɽСסգҲԺúдһ¡
ԹԣлʦҾ֪ʦͨڶĪӵĻ̸˵Ľе
ԭλʱھ뽫뵽ɽĪֲɽˣø˵λסɽ
Īӻˣһ㣬ʱϲ⣬ڶĪйһ֮󣬾͸˵ɽȥ
֮ǰûһ𣬶ԭ΢ЩԥڿĪͷ֮Ҳͺһɽȥˡ
ǺڵԸȻͬ˷һദþȻǢܵڵӰ죬ԸҲһЩһͬɽˣĪ
λĪӷǲΪˣԸҲٱøһЩҲ΢һ㣬ȻͨȣԵԹѾ൱ˣϾÿ˶ǲͬģǲܱѡ
ͬģҲܵǵһЩӰ죬ȻԸѣͨһЩСϸڣܹǰ΢һ㡣
Ǻ֮ԸϵĻӰ죬ĪǷǳּɵģһֱϣǵԸӿһЩѵܹסһЩ
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߾Ϊ첻⣬ߵ״ȻҪܵĺ첻ϣ⣬ĪӱҲǳϲ«ַҲǶһ롣
߾ȫɹѾԶˣĪӹƣ֮мµʱ䣬߾ܹ׵ĳͣھѾԶˡ
ĪӽעתƵʶе첻ϣԿ첻ڣ֮УѾ˴룬˵֮ǰܹɹ
ܹôĪӴĵӣ̽һ»ù֮еɽĽ
ĪҲһ⣬Ȼͨ̽ɱ֮еĽƣ첻֮еٵݻƺַЧѾԽԽˡ
ͨ̽»ùеɽܹݻһÿһĵһøѡ
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ĪҪչԼ֦Ҷߴȴо˶һεѹ£
ƴȫҲ޷ͷգߴ̽Ѱһոµľ硣
һΣĪջǷˣֻȺ֮УܵĺչԼڱø֦Ҷïȴʵʱ
˫ۣĪӵʶӹͼ룬Ȼ󳤳ĺһϲ˿ɥһ˿Цݡ
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˺̤ܿɽλ˽ɽ֮󣬿ɽϵľ£ΧŨвһĨ֮ɫ
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ȵ÷۵ʱ򣬿վĪӣλ󣬼Īǰ
Īӿǰˣĵ˵ͷЦſڵڵѣ֮ǰҲڹУλӲҽɽЩдܡ
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ĪӽԷ÷̸ֺۣ˼䣬֪˵һЩ
ˣһλɢµĵӣʦҲһλ񾳽ʿĪͶԷйһ֮Ե
˽˶Էĸ֮ĪҲûм˵ֻڴȥɽһڿС
ڽѣȻΪһ㣬Լʱ΢ЩнԻ㲻ΪڰʦܹϹȷֵýѡ
ڴʼɽĪҲûǣڴɽҪ뿴ʲôˣڿ֮Ѿˡ
һʡĵĵӣʦĻòġĪ


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ڵλ÷нסһڶʱ뿪ˡ
̶һУҲջɽΣǳ
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ÿһĵƺģεסܸ׵е΢Դ塣
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ȵߵʱ򣬿ɽɽϿЩ£һεջЩ᲻뿪
ɽٺãϾļңҪڣڿڹôãʦ̵ôõ󳹵׷ˣһ˾ûаܡ
ɽһˣĪӽһĿΣоԼҲѧ˲ٶջˣҲ̰ģѾˡ
ˣ»صص֮ɽ÷ĪĴһƵƵἰҶǺ˵еˣƽʦԸЯ󱲵ȵȣһЩɽ뿴ܷĪΪʦ
ʱúܿ죬תۼֵһβּϲ֮ǰǵҪԵñƽʱæµһЩΪҪ׼ʱõĸֶҲΪ֮ǰѻû龡ܵ꣬Ҫӵꡣ
ĪӵĵܵҲˣͶѾСˣҲҪĪȥˣȫԼӸ
ֻǶĶԽԽ࣬ĪĪƺĪԽԽˣ𾴣ĪʵǺ뿴Ϊ𾴣ͬʱҲԶ
飬ĪҲûʲô취ԼĪࡢĪһ굽ͷ˼ΣһЩ飬ȻҲͶ˾С
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ʱĪӺһԼĵӻصºӹĸĸңһֶȹһء
ССԺӣҲֻʱŻ˵֣˵µӣձˡ
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ʱĪӾãԼӦҲס


ڶʮ ߳
ǳˣΪݵĪ֮ɽϵ÷ֵ˹ʵʱˡ
Թԣʦһֱ˵÷ζǳãȹ÷ˣһҪúóһſŽӲӵĹʵͬʱʶűǼ⣬ǹ˵ζһڿˮ
ǵ˽⣬֪λʦһ˵ѵˣ˵ζ࣬÷ζȫ˵;úܺóԡ
ϧǣԼʦ˵÷ȻҩЧº̺ͣǿԼ²ܶԣԼΪˡ
Īӿʱ䣬һֱ÷ˮڣиоԺЦڵΪ÷ҩһö÷Բˡ
Ҳ˽ڵ˼һ֮⣬ҪĿʵ͵÷ٵһԼΪ
ĪҲзʳҩΪϾЩþˣǷõҩΪһǰҪ֤ȹ̡
ʵѹҲȽϴһŵʦʦ֣ڼŵˣڶĪӺǵǰ˵Լʴϻˡ
Լʦһ㣬ɿͱСһʦǣʵ̫ˣΪٶȿˣԼոհݵĪµʱǵΪֻ꾳ڣµʱ䣬͵֮ڣڸǿŵѾ꾳ڡ
ٶȣһʱ䣬ǵΪ¾ܴﵽ񾳽ˣԼԭ̤֪ԼٶȲűȽͬΪĪӵĵӣǴڵġ
вڶ̫Ӱ죬ҲҪԼΪͬΪĪӵĵӣҲֵܱ̫԰ɡ
˼ֹ˼ʱ䣬ڵȵ÷÷ϵĹʵ׳ˣڵõĪ֮ھȲժһţǶĴڣСҧһڡ
ĪվڵߣСĶɵЦЦ
һȻǸˣƽʱŵ漰Ҫ飬˭ҪСģ֪÷ЧˣԵһֻҧôһСڡ
ԭĪվڵߣҪȵŵʱ򣬳ְһѣҲ˳ССĽѵܹԣڿȫǶһ١
ڵ÷ҩڣĪһУͬժһ÷ԼС
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ڳһö÷֮ĪӱСĵĽ÷ժװ׼õ֮С
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ĪӴԽ֮ǰ磬ЩзǳɹųƳܹϡسɵĶʱ䶼ܳǧ꣬ÿһνĹʵҲһҲ١
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˵ˣʦΪôߣӵΪôͣһΪʦƫģⲻ𣿵ҲΪ˾Ϊȥ˼Ҷ

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ĪӺܿͽϲ֮ѹ£ɹȻҪһĲҪ


ڶʮ 
ɹһ裬ÿһҪҪĲ裬ĪҲҪȺ˳ѡ
Ƚ첻Уɾһ鱦ȻٺԼڣȽߺԼڣ֮ٽ첻עУĪڿš
Ⱥ˳򲻹մɵĽĿʵһģȺ˳ĲͬĪѶȿܻܴӰ졣
ں߰ɣ˼֮Ī˾Ƚ뵽֮С
֮ѡҪĪӾһЩ
һ֮е߸ոɹĿǰǿȣܷ첻⣬һδ֪顣
Ƚ޸ƣԼΪͻƴ磬ʱߺԼںϣ˵ΪԼΪҲһЩɳ
ڶȽ첻뵽УΪһ鱦ԼҪںһ첻鱦ѶȣҪںһߵѶȸߣҪȥܶ಻Ҫʱ䡣
ĿǣĪӾںߣһʲô⣬Ҳܱ֤ԼΪͻƴ磬ȻĻʱ⡣
չؾУĪӵԼ״̬ȻŵиɹߣԼʶ
̺Īӵһ˿񣬾ڻûкĪӵľںϣѾĪӸоӦ֣ûκεɬ֮С
߽ʶ֮УٵĺĪӵӽڱ˴˽Ӵһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸оַ֮ǳԵϵ
Īӵʶ׳뵽Уźɫĺ«һֻӡת
˲䣬ԭĪӱһģһ徹ȻʼûɢܿͲΣ״һš
ӵ񣬿ٵĽɫĺ«ûȻ״һһã»ָĪӵӡ
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ϵƻָΪϵʹҲһİ룬ȵĪҲоκʹʱĪ֪Լ񳹵׻ָˣͬʱںһҲǳ˳ˡ
дԵϲãĪӸոҪ˫ۣţĪӾ͸оԼͻƴˣٴס
һվͿ봿硣
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ĪӳҪϳһЩһΣȻͬ˺ܴŬĽȻϳһЩ
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ģĪͻȻоԽߴҪе֮⣬Լ⡣
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ܿ죬ΪɺĪϵٶȱԽԽˣޱˮкȴƺԽԽǿ
ĪӸоԼԽԽѣʱע⵽ڲ֪֮䣬ŵޱˮ򣬱澹ȻѾһ㱡ڿٵΧӡ
ȥԽԽŨƬޱˮ򣬻᳹׵ĻһƬ
ĪҪʲôֹޱˮĽΪһ֮⣬ƺʲôҰŽޱˮԽԽ䣬ҲԽԽ
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ޱˮԽԽˣˮҲʣ׻һ㺮ˮ֮¸ˮҲڿٵĶᡣ
ĪӾԼˮмȡֱԽԽѣޱˮµĸϵ񳹵׵ıˣһɺ˳ŸϵԼɣĪܹĸо·ʼԼѾһ㺮ӡ
ĪҪŬҪʱƺѾʧȥϼ֧š
ԾɲģĪӷĶԼɣ޴ϣҶȫ䣬·ѾɱޱˮƮ䣬ĪҲһ£һСΡ
һƺҲˣоԼûˣǵĺڿٵѾ˴
ĪӰڶŹͺͺ֦ȻЩĵҪټŬһ£ʱЩǹ⡣
Щǵǹ⣬ڽӴĪӹͺͺ֦֮󣬱㻯һŽ⣬Īӵ
Щ£ĪӸоԼƺһȻһ㡣
ӣĪӷ·ץסľݣƴԼͺͺ֦ȥӴܽӴǹ⣬Ȼֱ֦ΧܽӴǹȫĴʱĪ֪Լû취ˡ
ҪߴҲûܹ֧ߴˡ
ϵĺѾ׵ĪӵڣЩߴ֦ҲıǣĪӱ׵Ķסˡ
ֻĪûз֣ס֮ǰҲûа취Ӵκһǹ⣬ѾûǹģѾҪټ϶ԼѾ˸ߴһڱøߡ
ĪûпЩ׵ıʱʶ·Ҳ׵ķܲı仯ֻһִǿĻš
Ҳ֪˶ãĪڷ·ܹһʱĺ֮УͻȻоһ˿ůһ˿ůԽԽȣĪӵʶҲ֮ա
ʶָĵһʶΪͬʱһ˿ůΪĪӸоԼ·һȵĹ⡣
һɲǣĪӾϵĺ䳹׵ɢ¶ޱˮĺҲ֮ڣĪչһԼһոµ硣
Ҳһ˲䣬Īӵʶ˹ͼع˱УոµһĪӵΪҲﵽһߵľ磬


ڶʮ ׷
չصľУĪӻ˫ۣĿâ˫۵һ˲䣬ҶΪ֮һ
磬Ȼ򵥣Īӿǰյľң֮ǰΪͻʱľһ֮С
񾳽絽﴿磬֮ǰѾһЩͻƵľ飬ԼĪӷЩ飬ܱԼľ黹Ĳࡣ
˽ľ飬ô˵Ǳ˵ľ飬ұڽĹУضȫĸ㣬һЩҪĵطٻЩԭֻһЩοֵľ飬øǶˡ
ĪӸڻЩԼͻƴ֮ǰôһʱĻۣͻоգ˵޾ա
һ㴿Ī˵
ԭЩͻƵľ֮ĪӶڴ⣬ƫڼ仯ﵽ磬ĪӲŷ⡰ֲˣ˵ȫˡ
˵ĪӵʱڱױʱûǱļᶨ־һ㴿Ҳûô׵
ǽбһ㴿ı仯̺߼ᶨڲͬ˵Ҳи⣬Ҳã־ҲãϣҲգȫԴ
ĪһڱչصľУֶһĪӣĪͻ֮ǰȣûʲôı仯ǸӣɿԽ֮Ϊ
̤봿磬֮Ȼһ㴿øǿˣϲûԪ񾳽ɱ䣬걾ֻ˴Ϊ
ȵԲ֮ɱ䣬ôͻԪ񣬳ɾԪ֮
»ع鱾壬ĪӻվȻ߳˱չصľҡ
ԭչأ첻뵽Уͻƴ֮ĪӾԼҪôżӦһʱ֮ٳһ
ҲΪԼԴĿǰΪֹÿһе÷ǳ˳ʣҪһͼܹջɹˣʱҪסҪΪɶʲô
ĪͻȻһԼһ˵ԼӴԪɣҪһ
򿪾ҵʯţĪ̧˳ȥ˿ɫԼʱһһƬڡ
ĪӿɲԼڽдʱ̣һҹʱ䶼ûõӦԼھҵʱȽϾãѾ֪Լȥ֮ڼˡ
ҹĪ˵ûʲôŵģһоܹ
Ī뿪չؾң÷ȥĽŲǳ;µɽҹ
÷֮⣬ɽÿһɽϵһһľɽɽ壬Īֵġ
ɽ֮չصľңɽͤȵЩطҹʱ̣ĪӸоϲ
ֻª÷ۣҲȥ̶ضѣ÷ۻøãһĪӼš
ҲΪΪͻƣҲΪѹ˺ܾõ»ָ߼֮Īǳĺãֺص÷ǰ
ոջص÷ۣĪӻûüԼķ䣬Ǻڵķ֮д̸ʵҪҲ˵
ʦ֣ʦѾھдʱˣ֪Ҫòܳأ벻ƽ⣿ڵӷ䴫
롣شֻǵ֡
Ҿ֪ʦҲ룬ǳʦûгأΣɽúȥһ죬ȥһЩƣȵʦأǾûɽˡھͺûǵĻشһ㣬˵Ի
ϣʦչصʱ䳤һ㣬ĻǿԶ漸죬˵ڵһ˷ǳóԣҲԳʱȥ

Ī˼䣬ɵ΢΢ҡҡͷȻҲûоˣĵľͻصԼķС
ڶһ磬ǺʼΣ߳ŵʱڻ߸˵ĶԱߵ˵ʦ֣һɽ󣬾ֱȥأȵʱٵسʵҲܵøԶһ㣬ֱȥһӸзֻҪ΢һ㣬һһȥҲϵü
ڻ䣬Īӱ˷˳ԭ߸˵ڣڼĪӳһ˲䣬ϵı̾һĹ̡
ԭһЦݣǱ˾ȣȻֱЩɥЦ»صϡ
ʦ˼Ѿӽҳˣ̫ˡϴЦ˵
ŶΪʦܲôġĪޱĿһ˵
ôܣӺòװʦ£һֱҪʦѧ㱾£ô뷨ЩЦ˵
ǺǣʼΰɣĪ˵꣬Ҳڣ׼ʼΡ
һԵĪӿʼ֮ǰĪһ񣬡ϲʦͻƴ硣
ĪԣЦŶǵ˵ͷ
ԹԣʦͻƴˣСŵŲеΪ˵պ÷ۣ˵ҲܳΪһСţǸʱ򣬳ʦʦ֮⣬Ǿ󡣡ĪΪﵽ˴磬˫۷Ź⣬̵
ͻ֮һΣĪøϣͬʱҲͶ룬رʱĪӸоԼͷԸѣѾĦõĵڽжʱ˲ٵ
ߣΪ飬οʼһĲɵģֱĪʽڿεʱһ˼뻹еƫ
Īӵһϴڣһʱڣдʮһֲܴ겻дʮҪ겻ɣֱΪֹ
򵥵ĴտʼҲûзϣֱĿʼŷ˵Щս
ȵһʱڰѳõĵõĪӵǰĪӷһּŤŤֱڶ
һʱ䣬ڶڲȹģ㿴׵СͷȴһδεĳֱʱסӣʮĳдŴﵽĪĳ̶ȡ
ʮĳд֮ڷ·ҲһЩĪӵģƽȻô֣µʱȴѾܹصסԼӡ
ƸǶֻú¡һ죬һ׵ĵ䵽˾ɽⲻԶһɽͷϣһôϣϿڴһƬڣԼԿлǡ
˿Ѿ°ˣת䣬ճ˵֮ܳƫƫһĻȴˣǷɽԶ
ʦǻͷĪӣȻûЦݣĪȴԸоϲá
ղǵ磬СͨεϰϤԼС֮ͨڰĪ˵ܹͨԼСͨʩչ׵ﵽһ׷Ч
ɵĲĪӿڿһ䡣


ڶٰʮ ͻ
ǵСͨһʼʱΪԼֻͨĽ֮΢ЩɥĪǰʩչʱ򣬾Īӵָ㣬ŽСͨȷʹ֮
ĪӽǵСͨ󣬶ԭС֣ͨĪӾø䲻ϡ
һ֮䣬Ʋ꣬зѩھԼŬĪӵһ㲦ǾܹԼСͨʩչ׵֤ĪӵĲ²ûдǵСͨȷǳǿ
úõھܹ֮ôֹǲٿ׵磬ȫܹõӿµ顣
ȻĪǰǸѾԣƼʢ磬ҲǸеޱȵľηο硣
ĪԺиһ棬ȵպСͨԽԽƿʱһͳޱȿµѡ
ѩ죬쫷˻𣬼׵裬мûˮĩհľܹһǾֻÿֲˡ
ֻһ뷨ڵǣֻոھԼСͨʩչһЩ׵׼ͷ̫á
Īûв´ǸղŸʾʱҪĿ꣬Ӧɽһʯͷֻƫףɽϵһ
ȻЩͬǿ޹ĪӻǲԼĿ佱϶ŬĽ
ĪӵĿ϶˵ǶŬͬϣڶüҪˣڵһλģ϶ԼʦĪˡ
ѾܺˣҪһ£ֻ֮׵磬иĶ˪ѩЩͬǿպھ򡣡ڿ佱һ֮ĪջһǣСͨ
֪ˣԣҲ˵ͷ˵񲻾Ŀ˸ղ׵ĵطرڿǿʯͷʱĿٵӹ
ţ飬ҲΪʦģԶʱ仨ϤСͨϣ⣬ٻЩʱΪúѹƴĥһ£Ȼȿ죬ûʲôӦ꾳ӦеĻȴˣպ󻹵ֲһ䣬ĪӾԼȥæˡ
ǵʺϵŬȻ˵ҲǳĲĪӽĴǶܿٵգΨڼϣǱֵķǳһ㣬ǸȣĿǰſﵽƷĳ̶ȡ
Īӵָ㣬ǲڽϵ޷ǼĽ΢һ㡣
Ҳʱýڼˡ뵽Ǽϵ츳Ī뵽ڵϣԼҲһʱˣԼҲٶʱôȵļ֮ˡ
ƴȵĲĪҲҪģѪĺĸĶУﵽ˱ļܹõϣ¾ͽڣеһ
ǷǳѵõıģӽտʼΪʦʹ÷۴ȵļ֮Īӽһ͸ݸͬʱһ˵
лʦԣӹĪе￪ĵ
ԹԣģҪʼԼķˣõǱģʵ̫ˡڸӾãԼƤĪΪʦʵ̫ȷˣ뵽ԼܿҪӵԼķڸǷǳ˷ܡ
ϧʼḶ́ڲףãȴô򵥵ģҪһˮĥ
Īӿߣûʲôŵʱ򣬱Īһ䣬Һʦֶôġ͸ȥˡ
ڽÿʱȻɽп죬飬ȴǱʱɣûϵ͵˷ļ
ӹúܿ죬ת֮䣬һߵĩβۿһأĪȴӵһ̫õϢ
ѪҹǱߣԴһ˲֮ʱ꣬ٴξϴδս֮һμĦѪҹǱߵĽʿûзɹûռʲôˣҲҪǰȥ֧Ԯ
ݵһֱȴոʧصٶȻȴڽڽƽƺҲΪϴεıһЩԣһӾͽеʧջء
죬Īһӻصºӹ壬ͼеĸĸԼĪࡢĪһȹء
֮ĪࡢĪٴɽĪѧϰһͬģȴм˵ǵͬ
кĪһģһũңһҽҵŮĪע⵽ɽϵʱ䣬ĪƺһֱһŮǰڡ
ˣ͡Լҵܵ΢Щ׾ı֣Īţȴûָµ뷨
ֱͣ׾ı֣ԵôʵԺҲһֵǵĻ䡣
ĪӸоʱһץסĶԼеСһѾˣٹ꣬ҲȢ׼ˣһĹúܿ졣
ʵҲͦõģºӹǱߣƽʱڸǰĸҲоЩįȵĪĪԺ˺ӣҲܸЩ
غĵڶ£ոΣĪڶڽڿΣͻȻоɽϵʼһ̷ǾȻڲд붨ͻ񾳽硣
ʦͻƣԼȥϰһΪʦΪʦȥһʦ֡תͷ˵һ䣬Īһٵ˲С
ϱǳƽǣĪ΢΢ͷ
ǵʵ֮ǰѾͻƽ񾳽磬ֻǰԼķԸһֱܵѹΪҲʱˡ
Ǹȹ̣ΪǶڵ򣬶Ѿﵽܹͻ񾳽ı׼Ӧòʲô⣬ĪӵһΪ̫죬߿űȽϷġ
Īϸ۲Ϣı仯ӦǵϢϵܿ͵ͻ񾳽Ǹٽ㡣
ڵٽ֮ϵϢͣһ£Ȼٵٽ㣬ȻϢǡ
Ȼ˳ĪӸӦϢı仯ҲԾһΪͻƵ˳
ȫûκεƿˮɵľ뵽񾳽磬Լ֮ǰĵȫǶġ
ϵϢǵһ̶ȣĿʼƽΧӵҲĻָƽ
÷»Ҳı仯Ŀ⿴һ۲ķЦʦǳɹͻ񾳽ˣԹԣôͳʿٹһЩ껹˵ãһôǿʦһôʦ֣Ժȥǵúߣ
˵仰ջĿ⣬ϰƺȸղŻרע˺֮ܶ࣬УҲܿڵ档
ǺܸӵĶҲһ˵ڱ֣رģĮˣĻȣ˽ӴЩˣ˵ķǹ¶ġ
ûûƤڣȴһݽԽܱ˵㣬ȴԼôƽӹЩôĲࡣ


ڶٰʮһ 
徳ڲ֪֮һǳµСԺУһλŻʣרעĻһ
ǰĻԼңﵽʮףѾһݻˣһƬհףҪϸȥ档
˵һλߴӢ긺ֶĿǰ˿ûгš
ϸĿǰ޴ĻŻЩĹȣһŤӣ¶Īɡ
ԴӽϾȻϾ;СԺΪ黭֮Ĵңһ㣬ûʲôģϻݣȫ˸еѹֵĹȡ
ΪֹҲûлһĻ֮ǰйȣȫ֮һ棬ٻ֮ǰĻ֮ĵһ
оãôһ⣬ûûɵȻ֮󣬶гıߣЩǰصʱ䣬Ҳ˲ٵ£뿴ϻôõĹȣܻһĴ֮
еãۼֽڿ챻׵ˣϵĶҲԽԽˣҲСģϣͷʲô
ڣֽһʣСĵձʵһ̣һΣŲһģȻ˵ϡ
ˣ
ڵϣɫ΢΢Щ԰ף˵Ҳʲôɵ飬ˣɴЦݣЦ÷ǳġ
ǰȥϵϷԶǰ
¿ҵΣϿŹУЦŶ˵˵֮䣬ƺԽԽ˷ܣӣȫյȣһʿ
Ѿ˺һ׵ɣеĸоȴȫˣĿ䵽ϡ
ʵйȣһЩնҲڻֽ֮ϣЩ˵ı飬ƺЩȻҪа񡣹иоԼ·ԳǧĹȣַ׷ӵһ˲ӿͷһַ꣬Ҫƻǰһеĳ嶯
ƿԼߣͬʱѹԼеַתͷ˵
ûȥ佱ϵĻΪͲҪ˵黭֮ϵ裬оԼûеʸŻش
ͼʧܣƷϿԼղŻɵǷϵĲ԰׽һЩѪɫֻʿ̬Ҳָԭȡ
ϲˣйϲһ䣬һϵУܱܿһ˵ı
ֻǸոɣѾùиоЩܵӰ죬ȵʺϰټѧӵıʱӹɵġ
ԣһӣǷոɵĻԶȻ䵽С
뿪ʱ͸һͼ֪ǷںúõղأͼҲϣгһգܹͺúõļһ¡һ߽еĻһ߶Ź˵
Ըһʵֵġе˵ͷᶨĻش
ԴǰĹ׽֮ϾͽԼסСԺеĲã˺ڱʱסǸСԺһĻ֮󼸺һֱס̤СԺ
оãʱԼĪҪǽ֮衣
һ˵ˣԹڶĿģҲ˳һ£ǽǷҪʲôµĶϵĽнתϡ
ԣɫһŹ˵֮ǰԣҵѽ鲼ƫԶ֮أչ׳ѳгЧΪⱻ̫緢֣ҪģתƻʳעҲϸϸ׸
ԣˡ˵ͷȫϵ˼
ϣԼֳһЩֲֳ̫Ķܹûʳ鵽һЩǶǵ˿ǵעΪĿĴڻȡչ׳ʱ䡣
нʲôҪľǰһȣҪԼûнһҲҪһ
һ鶼ãǵڶʳ£ϣãˡ
д뿪֮һ˼֪ԼҪôˡ
һ乬УҵȻޱ˵һǸ˴ĪӣѾ鵽ʲôطˣһȥһΡ
еĻһĨϲɫΪˣ׼Լ
ǻû˶ãм˵ݲ鵽ϢĪֻһ񾳽ʿȻһЩ£ȥѪҹأΪϾҪͳһ󾳽磬㾹ȻгԿƽ˶Եеľ̫٣һȥҰնɱˡ
еǳӲл͸¶һ˿ĶУ̽еϲãͬʱ˸Īߵǡ
ҲȥԼȥɣҲЩ˵
ӣ΢΢üͷĿĶϣƺϿЩʲôգлת뿪ˡ
Ҫ߳ŵʱ򣬹еԶԶĴһǸĪӣҲ˳ȥնݳ㲻ȥԭ㣬ϣһҵԸ
дĻҧ촽һ˿֮С
÷УĪڸǵ񾳽һЩ飬ڣĿǰΪٶȣЩʱûнӴıҪ
ոͻ񾳽磬֮ǰЩôڿʼͲˣҪȴ꾳һôˡ
˵Ҳһ£ʱ䲹ӦеĻۣ񾳽ҪעΪʦѾڸˣҲ輱ΪֻҪȴͿɡ
ĪӿǰǣĳĶ
סԣ˵ͷ˵
ĪҪ˵ЩʲôͻȻ֮䣬ĪӸоĪһּ¶ƺʲôõ飬ҪԼϡ
˿̲ĪӣǰǣҲָͬо
ʦͽ˶һۣĪ˾֮ģòǱ鷳˰ɣ
ţĪ̷ųʶΧԶĵطɢ
ͬʱиոϢ̤ݾڣӸ
һг̶˵һһõ飬ԣһЩСʳעҲ˳նݳһܵ鷳ɱѿ֮С
֮ǰ״̬ܻȡ飬ǲǻܼһӰؽӽһš
˵Īʵֻһ˳ҪʰĶҪɵĿ꣬ǲ֪ôǡ


ڶٰʮ 
еٶȺܿ죬ݲãͽӽӸķΧʱ򣬹ĸоһʶΧ̽顣
ӸķΧһֻһλĸ֣й۵Ԫϵôʱųʶ̽ΧЩɻ󣬵ȴģȲԪϵΪԼʹõ֮ԷʶҲֲˡ
ֻϣԪϵܹʶȤһ㣬ҪԼԸĪӵʱ֣Ͳ˳Ҳһɵˡ
ô˵Ҳһĸ֣һһСŵԸ΢÷һֽţҲ˶ѡ
ûзˣǶԷûǶԷ֮˵ã޷֣ĪʶѾӸķΧûзκοɵ˽ӽеǹɲȴԽԽǿˡ
һ䣬ĪӲɽĻɽ󷨣ɽȥһãɽıʧ
һĪ֮ǰùȻǿ˵һвûʲôôֽɽ嶼ֶΣ׾ͻᱻԷʶƣͬҲһôǶԷҪʲô޷ڰˣֻܹĳ
У˵һǾУʤֻнֲ֪֮ǰҪԷһĵˣһֱڰŻ֣ĪѪҹزμҹʱЩƻޡ
ڽɽ֮󣬴Լһʱʱ䣬Īӿɽ⣬ƾһĨϽɫĹ⣬ϽɫĹͬʱһӰҲ֮֡
СĪӿųеǵӰϳ˶Էݡ
ǵͦΣӢӰĪڲݼĹС
ĪѾоһЩѹ֪ΪжߣڲݵʱĪʹðƷˮǸʱ򣬹׾ٵľͽ˰ƷˮԼɼԷΪĸ
Ѿͻƴˣ֮ǰһЩֻ֣ҪõúãδضԸ󷨵УĪӿ֮еĹУƽ뵽
еȷΪҲԱԼ봿ɢҪߣҸֶΣҲһԼǿ
ǿӦûûеرĳ̶ȣĪӶ϶һ㣬ǾǹоԻûдﵽԪɾ磬ϲûĪԪϸоƮȻɵʡ
ңһԪɣٻ˼Ҫ˵Ϊ죬վҪָڶʳͳεġ
пĿɨһΧ˿Χɽ壬յϢɽӦþɿΧ⼸ɽ壬ֻͨͨѣƵľȻɽ
ܿ죬оͷ⣬Ŀ䵽ɽԭλãǰһӣһϽɫĹűִٶȷɿĻɽΧĻɽ󷨡
ڻɽ󷨱еһɲǣĪӷϽɫĹŲûжĹֻײ˲仯ϽɫĹ㣬ȻѸٵɢţԭɽ㱻Ƴ䣬¶˳
ųǰɽϸ۲һΧĻɽ󷨣ֻһѣȫΪǣԼƾƿҹбҲһЩ󷨷֪ʶյöôƳһӦǹˡ
վ÷ǰĪӣԵ˵ǣ󷨣ɽʦܣΪʦҪȥԵС
Ī˵꣬α㻯һ⣬˲ɳɽվ˹еĶ档
ԭ㶯֣ȴĪӾȻɽˣ󷽷ľ䵽ԼǰɴǰĪӡ
㣡Īӵ֮󣬹зԼȻĪӣֻǸʱĪΪ꾳ѣȫûбС
ٿĪӵΪϢе񾳽磬Ѿ˴硣
̶ʱ䣬ܴ꾳ɳ˵زΪʻǻԵˣӡ
ϧǸ˵ʦ򣬵һֵ£Ķ󡣡пĪӣЩź뵽
ĪҲǰĹУٵĴ֣ȽһЩģء֮ŮޣĪ񾳽ʱ򣬾Ѿ˿ˡ
ǿһЩģЩŵĵӣԼǿߣ񾳽ʱ򣬸о˴˲Ĵ󣬶Լа֮ա
ͻ˴磬Īʵ࣬ǰĹеǳΣգԷʵ֮ǿĪӼеĴ֮Уļ֮һˡ
ڻĪӸҪڣĹȴһˡ
ȡ˵棬ֱӽбǡ
һ䣬ϱϽɫĹâǰһץһŵɫĳУٵ۳һ֧Ͻɫļʸ˲䱻
ĪĿ΢΢һеŹ͵ϮԨʱ򣬶ԷõľŹǳǿ
ǸϽɫļʸ֮󣬱һƿΧſһȦˣĪ
ɫεľԪĪӵͷ˵ĪӱʵʵǸϽɫļʸڽķΧ֮󣬾ͻ뵽̶֮УٶȱԽԽձһټǰ
зĵһƺֻǼ򵥵̽ĪҲƺ׾ٵĽסˣĪӵսûô򵥣סϽɫʸûбڡ
һĪȥͬʱִһ⣬˱еϽʸ
ǵϽʸеһ˲䣬ʮϽɫСΧɢĪ׼׾ٵıˡ
пԼһûЧҲûκεʧѪҹʿôһ㾯趼ûУǲŻʧ
ٴٴһϽɫļʸֻһεļʸ͸ղǸʸȫͬʸڲԼ·һӰ
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ʸֵһ˲䣬ĪӿǸϽɫļʸһԼףצ˶Լ仹ܹ֮
ȥĪǰһӣīȻһɫĹâӭצڿȻײһ𣬰һĺΧĿ·Ҳ׵ſһȦҵˣ·Ĳľȫͷڵء
໣
ոսĪӶһֻ֮ڸղǵ֮󣬾ȻһצٵԼ
һ̫죬ĪȻ취ӦԣĪӻѡ˱ÿͬʱܵһЩ룬սɽǰתƿҲԼΧµֶΡ
ĪÿצϽɫȴķһ㣬Īӵ󣬲ԸŹĪĿꡣ
ĪҲţڲԶɽͷٵһתۣϽɫֱײɽͷϣһҵĺУΧ΢ɽɽͷϽɫ׻顣
ʱɽΧֵĶѾȽϴˣйһЩ˷ųʶǰ̽飬ںĪӽֵĹע⵽һ㣬ҲͬųԼʶݺݵĽЩʶˣľ档


ڶٰʮ ʵ
йУλ񾳽ĳϴ˿ȫɫ԰ףֻдԪɫûʲô仯Ҳ΢Щÿ
ɹ֣ʱܹԪ񾳽ĸ֣÷۵Īο׶༪ˡԪߵļϣ΢Щͳ˵
ϧˣĪ֪ʱͻ˴磬Ȼǵ˴УܹΪһ֮ӢţҪʹزˡһй۵ĳϵ˵ͷȻҲЩ˵
Īйһ򽻺ãΪҵȡԱһй۵ĳʱҲӻֻǻ˵һ룬Щ˵ȥˣΧҲ׷ױտڲԡ
й۵ĳǵĪһȥѪҹصλĪӽӴʱȽϳȻҲһЩԲ˵仰ǻһڣҲоЩʱˡ
ܹ˵й۵ЩĪӵĽ飬ĳְһλȹ֣ʱܹԪеĸ֣Ǿ͵õһˣǹԪҲǶԷĶ֡
˳ĬƬ̣ԪͻȻڵϵϢƺǰҵĹпǰĸ֣ҽȸ֪ϱʳǻʳӦ죬Ī˵ܹתΣΪ
й۵ĳ϶һۣȻ󶼵˵ͷҲֻˣϾĪȻЩ飬Ҳܺ޹˼ɵǰȥȡ

䣡
һըĪ˱ǿӲڿгɳȥϰס
طˣ
Ī·һۣԼλãѾɽһξ룬ΧҲ˼ȫԷſֽţԼõһ־·
Īӿ£һϽɫĹâҲͬ䵽ĪӲԶеѾΪȻƾûа취ʱھ͸ɵĪӡ
֮ɣҵߣҪԵҲˮ壬ŹڹеУûзӳ
𣬹лĳһϽɫĳͨϽɫǶһϺɫıʯǳĻѽǹԼķ
ڹóϽɫĳ֮ĪӾ͸о˽ϴǹɷϢͬʱһѹ֮С
˴֮ͬʱгһϽɫĽ·ܹնգĪӶȥ
Сͨˮľ廪
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âʱ򣬹ע⵽µĴϣȻĸַģԼ乹һ󷨡
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ҪɵУθո𣬾͸оһɳصѹϣ󷨵ķΧ
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Ŀ΢΢һ֪󷨵Ч޷׵󷨷ΧԼҲһЩ֮ӸղŶԽ·ľһƳҲֱܷ󷨵Ĳ򵥣ɵƾһ󷨾ҪԼлδЩ̫ˡ
нһתһȦϽɫĹâɢŹâΧոûüչ¶ܵЩȫϽɫĹâնϡ
ʵ䡪棬ɱ
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һĨ̶ֱ˺ǰ赲ŵһУҲƿĪӵ󷨣һ˲仮ĪӵСͨ
һ̣ĪԺðһ仰һ򷨡̫һڵĽɱ̫һڵĽޣ̫ܵһӰ죬Ҳ׷֮ʿʼ޷仰
Īڲ֪̫һϵеĹϻ壬Ҳһ򷨡
ĪӲõ󷨣ȫûз£Ѿһ˺һȱڣûȫȴѾࡣ
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津һ˲䣬޽Ȼ飬ɢһӰ·ĵݺ衣
ĪͷľԪ飬ٵĴӵϷ˿ôǱϸͻᷢĪֱֵϣһһָĽۣ˿ڿٵϡ
㲻ƾһɢ֮Ϊҵ£֧ôãĺܲǰϽɫĳ·ɻصеУųûмŷһιǶĪӿ˵
ҿԸһĻᣬΪЧȻǸӽңͿԻ
˵仰ʱ򣬹егǶǿűʯɢһɫĹââתѻĳϣһǵɱ⡣
ĪѾܹоǹɱȫѹԼϣֻԼĴ𰸲ǶԷģôеһǱɱ֮
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ĪӵĻش𣬹г̧ųɫâĳŭɢһǿҵѹ
ĪһָоԼͺĶˣԷ⼴ٵһͺǶԼУдͻЮ˼ҪԼС
ԼҲӦöһֻ̹Ȼ֮κεֿýԼϴˢԼ
ѹ֮£ĪӸоԼƺЩӲЩԸ⶯ˣʱĪʶ֮е첻â˲佫ָоɢ
еһҲʱ̳κεĻڣôƽƽ棬ȴ̺ǿɱѹֱĪӵüġ


ڶٰʮ 
ڽĪüĵһ˲䣬ĪȻ̧ƣ֮У۳һȭͷСˮš
Īеˮţȫˮۣ֮лתӨ͸ƺ˸ͬǹĹâ
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֮һɾʹͬʱһɱǿѹݵĪӵʶУƺҪĪӵ˺飬ȫĪʶе첻ɢĹâסˡ
Īӱ̴ƣǹҲܣǿ񱩵ǳ֮Ͻ𳤽ŰͬʱҲӵϣ⧲֮£ֻüڵ赲ϽɫĹâϵĺͿ񱩵ǳ֮
̶֮󣬹ԭԽһ˵ĪӣȴֻܳˣֹԼ˵
ڳ齣˵һ˲䣬й⽣һãȻŵ˶ȥһ£Ͻ𳤽ķâղŴ̴ĪƵ˿ࡣ
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ĪӿһԼϵ˿ڣҪԼгˣϻһɷĽ˿޷׵ϡ
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ңĪӿһԼϵ˿ڣȻŹ˵ˮֶѾʹˣвϲ
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ĪѾϵ֣ʳָָĵĲΪָȻıָһɫĹâȻ
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ǰһ֣ĪӸоѹˣΪղŵˮҲ˷ķԶԷݣó˷ȻҲʲô򵥻ɫһĪӾԼʤ͸ˡ
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սڳ֮󣬺ܿ·ĹУȻ̴׹䣬һâŹдȥ
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ĪӿǰĴӣȴһϧղսµһ˲䣬ĪӾע⵽еӰʧˣǿٵܿ˲ʧˣ֪ԷõʲôֶΡ
ĪӵȻϣսꪵһܹնɱԼһˣ˲ڣΪսꪵĳ֣ĪӻССǷһ顣
ȻͳǱȻģֵʱȴǿѡģԣСС飬Īӵϡ
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ոͻƲãϤ·һԶأգЩˡĪԣЦЦ˵
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ĪѿˣΪڣֻһܼ֮¶ѣĪڵΪҲٳƺǰ˰ɡԪĪ˵
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˵ıԣʱƸһ֮Ҫ߱һͱ˵Ľ飬ҪȫһԼ
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Īԣ˵ͷĪӵͷ֮ԪĪӣжĪӵʵһµС
ĪԪôʣͷһת˵ԪѣҵΪѾ˴磬һλɹֵĸ֣ȴĴȹֵĸ֣ѵʵôǿ𣿡
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Īӵ⣬ԪҲûбܻ䣬ΪĪʵĲʲô˵أָֻǲǶôǿѡ
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ȹֵĸжǿĪѿ֪ˣƷ飬൱ͨʿƷ飬൱ڶɹֵʿܹ֮רŻһƷĪӦÿףָ֣жǿˡ
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ȻĪսֵλǶɹָ֮еٮٮߣʱԿԽԪɾ磬ڶԷ֧ôãѰָ֣Ѳڻûз֮ڽ֮ԪֿĪӣԴһ˿˵


ڶٰʮ 
Īյǳսһֱ֧ŵսꪽ٣ȻоԪûзųʶ̽飬ǶԹеʵԪȴһжϣҲΪһ㣬ĪڵʵԪҲһжϡ
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Ԫѹˣ΢ĩʵָ֣Զأվõ֤ĪӼǫ˵
Ԫ΢΢ЦЦҲûмϽӲ磬ĪòҪѯһЩַĶԪȻشһЩɶ֮ȫûἰĪҲûмõʲôõĶ
Ԫ֮ĪӶ÷³˼
Լ̹֣ϽԪ˵ڴҪֵ£Īһʼ硣
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ЩţʵǿһЩСţضأпַֿܾܹξķܹӳֽ٣۸ۺֶΡ
а뵽Ī̾һ˹ص֮⣬Щ·ϵأҲһĴУҪĶ
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ָЦݵڿԵ˵̬֮Ѿȫղŵء
ڵĻҲ˵ͷ֮һĨᶨ֮ɫ
ҹ˾ʦͽ˻صԵķУԺлصĪӸղ˵Щһ˿ȫУѾɢˡ
תͷһһԴǣĿֿ˴⣬Īӵķ䣬Ȼоһɰġ
ģһΥӿı˫ۣܿþȣ뵽˯֮С
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ǣĪͨôĽ̵Ҳ̫ģǶҲѾʧˣڵ鷳Ժнʱ
ĪģԼʦ÷ԴѪҹ֮ĪӾҲû÷Ϣˣڹȥôʱ䣬Ҳ֪÷ôˡ


ڶٰʮ пɽĸо
Ī÷ԶѪйصġѪĺģеһдһŻҽȻ⺰һ
ˣþٹҡ
ڴſڵľʿԣǰȥ֮ͨ󣬾ͼһʿ߽˴ʣһ
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ĿǰʿޱĿڵһ󱲱ǰڲ۸ˣһ飬һЩˣٸҶԱ󱲳֣Ǳȥһ֮𡣡
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ΪٶȳĴ֣Īӵ֣ͱݷΧɢ֪һθ˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
Īӵ¼ҲʼһЩĴţȽϿ׵ģǹĪӵʦУԼĪӵȷӸӰЩΪ֪¡
鲢ûиĪӴʲôʵԵĺôȴ÷еʱʢ˲١
֪÷Īӵʦ뷷Ϊ飬ܹ̳ĪĵӣʦҲһǸˣܱسǵһЩˣҲӰؼݡ
ոսϵΣĪڸڿΣȻ֮䣬һƮĪӵǰȻƮһֽĪӵС
ʲô·𣿡еֽĪ
ټѧõϢղŸոһûʲô·һϢԻգֻд·ʱ򣬲Ż̽Ϣ͹
ĪӶڰڰ֣ʾϢһ£Ȼͷֽϵݣ뿴ʲô·ˡ
Ŀɨֽϵ֣ĪͻȻһ£ȻϵıЩ죬¶ЦЦɫ
һԺ濴Īֽڣע˵Īϵı飬̶ֽϵݸеӺˡ
ԹԣʲôϢʦϵıôʣôţ±СŲţĪӵߴչȥ
ĪҲպÿϵݣȻͿСչڣĿⶢԼеֽϣԼӴʲô⡣
Īӽеֽǰһݣ͵ڵУȻĿ⿴һЩӡ
˼ʱ䣬ĪӲСĿڵû뵽Ҳܹһпɽĸо
Īӵ仰Ҳոսֽϵݿ꣬Щŵ̧ͷĪӣȻֵͷϸֽϵݿһ飬ȷԼղû֮ͻȻ¶һɵЦݡ
ʦ˼Ѫĺĺ󱲣һɵЦţһ߶Īʵ
Ѫĺʦ˼ҵѣΪʦҲǼǰȥѪҹصʱ򣬲żѪĺ򣬵Ϊʦٵĺôû뵽һε£ȻѪĺ֪ˣרŷǰĪӿɵЦڣҲûж
ղŰټѧôϵϢѪҹѪĺݵȻ˵ˣѪĺרΪԼ󱲷ǰ
߹ǰߵĽ죬ıңرѪĺر߹صĴ󽫣żߵر߹ؽʿļˣҲõܶŴ
Ѫĺݾ棬͵վĪɽ¹ЩǰҲһѪĺľ档
飬ٲʦ˼ҵֱʣһͨɢޣȻ˼Ϊҵ飬ҲôͱѪĺ֪ĪͷתܿͲµĴ¾
Щж֮࣬ĪҲ΢оЩˬпɽĸо൱
ʦʦʦ˼ҹȻѪĺѣϵɵЦסˣһ˵һ߻̲סЦ
ĪһɽôܲˣԭţȵԼѧɣҪȥ£ԭѪҹΣյĵطΪٴﵽԼʦˮƽȥģڿԼ˵ǰȥ
Ī˵һڱеţ˳ȥˣ׼ԼʦַϢ
ĪյϢͬʱ徳ڲ֪ҲͬյϢ
Ѫĺģпĵ֣жĪӵɱȴǿˡ
ԭѾţٹһʱ䣬ʳһת֮Լٴγ֣֮ƣ׵ĽĪӸɵʱȴͻȻðһѪĺģΪǸɢ޵ĳԼ
ʵԡѪĺĲμɵƫƫԷݣѪҹصͳ˧֮һ΢Щˡ
ڶʳҪ٣ô߹ؽʿǱҪȡΪڶʳĲҲҪúõľӪټһк߹ͳ˧󱲵ԭͷǳѵĸٴҵ͸Ӿٲάˡ
ɫǳѿһӣΪͻȻðġѪĺģ֪Īһȴһʱ޷ȥзǳá
վϵСԺӣҪһϣûʲôȫİ취ܳ󻼣Ҳġ
һסСԺо̸оΧ󣬼ŹȵĺХһЩ̶һ
ǼĹΧ󣬻йȵȫʧˡпһѾĻЦԼ
ѾԽԽǿˡгһ䣬ͬʱ˵Լ⡣
˹еĻ֮΢˼һ˵ȥԸǸĪӣ֮ǰҲһ֮Եû뵽ôͻƵ˴磬ڵµ֧Ƭ̣ȷǸ
Ҫȥһʱ֮Ҳû̫õİ취Ҫ֣֮ҲҵһʵĶ󣬵²ȹעϸĲľһʱºһĨ
ˣˡ˵ͷ
֮ǰҲҪ֣֮ԼĪӽ֮󣬹жĪӵʵҲ˽⣬ͨܶԸġ
ĪֳɽУٺ˽Թȷûкʵˣ֣֮Īӡ
ֻٻһˣ
ΪС»ǵԴΪأйע䶯ǣСгɴ֮ƣҪ֮ʣҲԥնɱǡ
ı޶ϣʱˣ⣬Ƕʱϣ޾ңϿ׼뿪ĹУƺ˼ڹм뿪֮ǰֿ˵һ䡣
лָˣԣԴһ˿ЦͷȻ߳ϵСԺ
߳ԺŵĹУջĿ⣬Ȼ´еĻһ磬Ÿֹ˻𡢹Ц֮ٴԺ


ڶٰʮ ÷
Ѫĺĵһݾ棬Īӵ֣ʼ֪վҲʲô̫£ֻ۸澯һ¶ѣûʲôעĿĺչ
ݷΧڣĪӵһ̨ףԭѾеĴˣֶˡѪĺһ̨ʱĪûʲôֵĵط죬ͷһʱ
ȥĪӵˣ࣬ҸȥŰݷõģһ㶼񾳽ϵĸ֣ʱΨһģӰˡ
λЩ˼ԴһγĪһö÷֮󣬵ʱ˵֮ҲûŹĪӣÿĪӵĵٹȴǰʱ͵
һΣʱλٴŰݷãҲû˵ʲôֻԱظĸٵݣĪͻƴʾ˹ϲ
Īȴһ£ǸԼµӣҪһٵݡ
ĪӿڣȻһڴӦúͽӡ͵÷ۡ
⼸ʱȥʳķ֮ҲڻĻָΪѾ񾳽磬Ѿǰڤˣͨӡ򵥵ǰڤİ취
⣬÷۴÷ʼĪʦͽ˵ְ֮ԼӣĪҲϣܹ֮࣬һƽ
ΪѾ񾳽磬Īǳȥһʱ䣬ΪеԵʣĪЩ̫ǳȥ
ĪӾãоԲһưոݵˣĵľ棬ҲһʱܿܶԷھڰжԼ
ĪѾʼ룬ʵڲеĻԼ취װһһЩ͵ֶΣ͵͵İͳȥһʱ䡣
˵й۵һϣ߱СͨӰҽ֮Ч˵ĿСĪа
⼸ݷõѾˣϾݵ񾳽ϵĸ־ô࣬ĪӲҲʶˣ˰Сæûʲôģοй۵ˡ
оԼУĪӾͿʼ׼ԭĪӴһܹûķıһǵΣϸһıˡ
ʵòô鷳һż򵥵һߣ΢΢ıһٵȻϵĴٻһ£Ѿˣױ˷֡
صαװһȱʧۣûʲôˣʱй۵λϰæȻ֪Ľͳȥһв׵ˡ
ԹԣʦҪʦ֣ҾԲϰڿװǣΧתһȦо̾ѵ˵
ΧߴתЩȻԼ磬װ磬Ǹоǳϰߡ
Īӵһװ֮ʶЩ΢΢仯һɫĲͷķҲƽȫһˣ沿ٱ΢һ£Ƥ΢΢·ͻ۴΢΢ݣҲһȦȫһ˵
ǵ۴Ҳʵʵһֻֻֻ֣ԶҲͨ˵Ƥ죬ȴûô㡣
һߵĪҲϸǣαװѾˣЩͻأҲа취
ĪóһС׹ǣȻ˵ţϵΪõȺС
ǽӹĪеС׹ϣȻ˷·һ˲Ϊһͨˣ˸оߵϢϵҲͨȺ˿ע⡣
Īóöݸǣٴ⼸öЯһöڹؼʱ̣ܹ㵲סһ
лʦǽӹ֣ص뻳У֪ĪӸԼı֮
Īÿһκ˽ֵʱЩб֮ģĪʵЩĽֶǳ鷳ٸһʿԼ󱲱õġ
ͱ˵һ꾳ʿı֮һλ񾳽ʿɵģڹؼʱ𵽴Ч
ĪҲˣȻҪԼĵӶ׼֮˭ûиʦų˲ǣ
ڸ˱֮֮ĪóһԲ״ǣһߵƷѾû˼Ŀռ䣬ǲʻڲļɳ
Ʒ֮ãҪ˽ս֮ʱӦõϣмǣ⣬ĪҪͻҲĪҪ£ɱʴ֮ģɵ֮ǿУֱܣĪ
ֶΨڼϣԵ츳ƽƽĪӵָ㣬ĴȣҲŸոյƷĳ̶ȡ
ĪȫָܹһʵķֻҪܹԼȼãĪʦľͷˣ֮ģñ˼õðɡ
һԵĪӶﲻסĵͷȫͬĪ˵Ļֱǽ԰
Щ꣬Ī˵Щᣬ˶һĴº־º֣򲻹ʱܾܣܲʱˡ
ӽʦ̻壡ǹһ
һԵڿǣ⼸Īӵ£λʦҲǳϦദʦֵ֮ĸǳǵһɽΪʦĪôණʦܵģҪǲ͵ʲôܾú̫á
͵ʲôԼҲûʲôöǰõЩȫòְ
ܿ죬ھ뵽һԼĶҲʱóˡ
ʦ֣һʦܵ޳֮ǰһ̳ƣóʦˡƲһ仰Ȼתźɽȥ
仰ûʲôʾĪȤ
ĪӼǵһ÷ʱԼĥӲݶҪö÷һʱ䣬ɽµժһЩ˵׼ƣԼϾҪĳɹˡ
˴Űʱһ̳Ӻɽ˻̳ŵϣϴŵЦݣĪӺǣһơ
ʦʦ֣ƣö÷һЩټҵɣʦʦƷ
ŵڣĪĿ䵽ϵľ̳ϣ̳󣬶һ̳ӣԭľ̳װǹ֮ľƣž̳ܹŵһɾ㣬Щ÷֮ʱַ㣬еζ˿ڳ
ЩŵŵζĪб㰵Եͷ
ڿٵóӣ򿪾̳һɸŨζɢ
ƣȻݸĪӺǣԼҲһȻЦ˵Ɑƣʦܸʦֵļ֮ʦҲ֪ʦܱȽ֮⣬ûʲôõóֵĶˡ
лʦܣǶеľƱĿ⿴ڣϽ¶һɾʵЦݣݣǵЦݣҲ˸еޱȵĴ
ĪһԿһĻаԵͷ֮ϵԼʦҲܸӷġ
ͷűеľƣˮɫֵɫҲΪ÷ԵʣҲ̺һɵǳ֮þˮԵþӨ͸
ˮڣһɺ÷ƣֽȻͬĿڸУĪǰһ븹֮󣬸оһ͵΢ǳ֮ԴԴϵԼɢоůģǳ


ڶٰʮ ɽ
÷ƣĲ֣ͨζЧǳĲǳõı÷Ч
һ÷ƵЧȻȲһö÷һ̳ľƼȴö÷ЧǿһЩ
㵹˼ɡĪӺⱭƣԱߵ˵
Լö÷ھͽ÷˾ƣ÷ƣܺõı÷ЧҸʺá
ϴηö÷֮ڵΪѾڣټ÷ƣܿܵڡ
ٺ٣Ӱʦµʱ򣬾Ͷʦ˵óƣ֮ҺòײŴһǰѧġ
ǰûʲôϣżɽ䷢һЩ΢һ£һε̳÷ƣΪֹõľˡҲеľƣĪӺ˵˵֮䣬ɫ΢΢Ŀʼ죬ҲԵ÷ǳ˷ܡ
ָԼһƣȻƱĪӣ˵ʦԺÿ÷ܲܶӼöƣʱҲТ˼ҡ
Īӿ˿ϵľ̳Ȼ΢΢˵ͷӦ
ȻƣҲһУΪʦȻǴӦģӦ㣬Ϊʦɽϰ㽨һ֮Ī˵
ԣ˫۲΢΢һһרŵ֮Īӵ֧֣һܹƳõ÷ƣһ÷ƵİԼΪҲܿٵ
ʦӢлʦڸ˵ЦȻе÷һ
ţڵɫøˣȴΪˣ÷ƵЧڵЩͣ͵ɫѡ
¾Ʊһԣʼ÷Ƶҩ
ĪӿҡҡͷȻĿתصϣ˵Ҿй۵λϹæȻûȥһܵͨ˵ȥĴ߿ҪǶ࿴ѧྭȥᣬΪʦһá
ףǵͷ˵
һҹʱȥڶ÷۵νãλй۵ĳϣӦĪ֮÷ۡ
鷳ˡԷǰĪӭǰ˵
֮ͣĪ̫ˡλй۵ĳҲд󣬱ϾĪѾǴĸˣͣ߱˸ߵΪ˵ò˶ãΪһ¥
Ѫĺڱ֮ǰĪ鷳ǰ֣Ҳ鷳ǰˣ׵һɿʦ
һѹλй۵ĳϾֱӿʼʩչԼСͨ
ҪһͷȻһǸͷһֶһץĶ
һԵĪӸоǵһϢԷУȻеǸͷںһһŹâ֮ĪӼ˵ǰֳһǡ
ǡڳ֮ǶĪӹһȻԹԵߵ÷£ʼȴ
ƶСͨӰĪѵĵӲʲôͬƽﻹܹĪƽ֮£ɽϻֻӰֻܹάһʱ䣬ȵʱ󣬾Ҫʩλй۵ĳϽ͵
ĪӿǵӰ񣬵ͨ۹۲죬ĺѷʲô⣬ϵϢȫͬ飬ƽΪ
ѵСͨȻܹھһ£Ӱ桢Ӱ֮ЧѵҵܴĪӿλй۵ĳϳ޵
ⲢǿĪģλй۳߱Сͨòûʲôãܽھܹü˵;һƬﵽӦû⡣
Īѿ佱ˣˣҪھСͨǱ̸װλй۵ĳԣƽĻص
ԼҲ֪ԼڱȽϷϲСͨǺúõھ򣬿ǱСھСͨǱһ˵ףȴѰÿһ˶ţֶŬ֮⣬ҪһԵ
Īٴζλй۵ĳϱʾ˸лȻ˶Է
й۵λ뿪֮ĪӴѾװõǣȻʩչľĵ뿪ɽ
ľĪӴĪӵڷʵı仯Īĳ̶ȣûҪľܹεȱ㣬ΣϢЧʩӵ˵ϡ
ĪӴǣһֱӸĽֵϡ
Ϊʦ㵽һ￪ʼΪʦƽĪֶһ䣬Ȼȥϵ
ĽֵϣǵӰһǰͻأĳ֣ȴûκ˵ע⡣
ĪӿǿٵĻȺ֮Уܿ뿪ֵȻת뿪ˡ
ý̵ĶԼѾˣ׼ԼҲ׼ˣҲûʲôõĵģǳҪȥģʱȫʡ
Īӻصɽʱ÷´ԲԶǵӰ
ǵӰĪ΢΢Цһ£Ӱʵ̫ʵˣϢ͸оǼһģһоǺûɽȻ÷ۡ
ҲʱԭӰ񣬻վٴζĪһȻɽ²ȥһһĺƽǼһģһ
һʱܿȥڶһ磬÷۵УǵӰҲʱظյĶһĪΡ
ԹԣҲ̫˰ɣȻһΣʦ֣ʵңǲΪɽѹû߰ν֮ǵӰϸлס̾
䵽ӰϵʱȴֱӴӰϴ˹ȥȷǰġʦ֡ȷֻһӰ
֮䣬ЩˣԭǰӣɽϣƽܹһֵģҲֻʦˣĪʦֻżЦʱҲΡ
ʦְϣɣֻʦһˣʵ̫ˡ
˿̵ǣȻӸľڣݵķ
γҲûʲôرȥĵطʦڣǰһֱ꣬˵ݵɽ֮УŶٵݡǰûʱ򣬾Ͳժʲô֮࣬ǴԼȥһݣܷ˵ôݡ
ܹҵʲôݡǴɽḻһ֮ࡣ
ĪӵķԸǲû·ͨ˵ݣһ̶һǰݣһ·нٶȻһ·Ϣһ£ҪԷͽ⣬нٶȻǸˡ
Ŀǰٶȣݣ²һµʱ䣬·ʲôͻ״ܻٵһЩ
ǺģҲĪӵĻȻʦͨһȥҲԸһͨ˵ҲŸ·߱ˡ


ڶٰʮ ں첻
ĪӿԼʶ֮У첻һݻеģɹƻҪܳʱĵƽԼ顣
֪첻ں֮󣬻᲻ǵûɵһЩӰ졣Īš
ԴҪ첻УʹΪ鱦ĪʱͷĴĦһܴڵ⣬ΣĪʵҲûҳʲô⡣
գĪӴʶ֮е첻⣬УԴһ
ʶ֮УĪӿʼѾڵߣ֮лķ˳Īϡ
ڵĺ«ƽ棬ûκһװΣĪӵУĪȴ÷ĺг
磬«״ķĪΪֹûмܿܽҲǶһң޷ֺţȫӰĪӶں«ϲ
ڵĺ«ߣɹ֮󣬺ĪӵڣĪͻƴ֮󣬺«ǿȵȷĪҲ֮ǿ˲٣ʱʱ̿ҲĪţߵǿѾǿ˺ܶ࣬ӦÿԳ첻ˡ
ʶ֮첻⣬Īӿʼеĺ«뿪ģǵ첻⿿
ߵĲϿ첻ⲢûκεķӦʱĪӿʼ첻һɫˮ⣬ڲϿϡ
ԭڵĺ«ˮɫĹâ֣ȫһˮɫĹţȻ첻֮С
߽ӴҲΪˮĹϵ첻ȻûʲôӦҲûųڵĺ«
һĻĪд󶨣˫ֲת۳һķģ첻֮е߶ȥ
һķߵı棬ԭƽƽں«ʱĿʼɢ˹âʼתԼ֮䣬ɢһ
ܿ죬Īе۳ķֹͣˣԭڵĺ«ʱתٶȷɿ죬ͺһݣͬʱǹҲԽԽǿˡ
һҪɹĪʱҲЩˣ裬Ǵ伮ѧģֻûа취ȫĪּһЩԼ⣬Ƴһ衣
ǲ伮֮УһΪķٵĳɳֱӶȡѾ͵ĽƵģһʡȥܶĹ
Īӽһ޸һ£ǣ첻֮еѾɵУӶ첻⣬ǣڣɺߵںϡ
ڵĺ«ϵתǹԽԽǿȴʼ޷첻е
ʱĪӿʼʶĲ첻е˳ӦĿߡ
ĪʶĲ£첻֮еڱߵѸٵ߿
첻ƺҲĪӵ⣬Ȼʼ롣
ͻı仯ɵĪдϲ첻룬ں裬ȫ׾ٵˡ
ϵһġĪгϲ֮࣬ҲԼе̫ˣǹ첻Ѷȣȴ첻⣬˳ӦԼģԼΪԽԽߣ첻ƿҲԽԽǿˡ
첻⣬˵ĪһġĪһֻͬأĮһ磬ȻĪһͬɳĪӵΪˣ첻֮Ҳݻһ
ĪӺ첻֮ϵѾܲɷˣҪģֻ첻⣬»Ϊ鱦ܲɷֵϵһ
첻룬Īܹоԭ߿ʼ仯ͺһյĿӣڿʼ꣬ʼӳãʼò
ܿ죬첻ȫڵĺ«֮Уԭڿתĺ«ʱҲֹͣתƯڵı棬ȴķһ⣬âǳͣȴڲϵı
͵Ĺâ֮УĪӸо첻֮еû뵽ڵĺ«֮Уƺ⻹ҪһӦḶ́ڽУ첻ȾߣܹõӦ첻
ֻٶȣ̿ҪһЩʱ䣬ʱ䵽׻ж೤ڻö֪
ڲҪʲôˣ
ĪʱͻȻ䷢֣Լԭ׼βһ裬òˡ
Īԭ磬鱦Ǵ컯Ϊơ
֮Ϊͬûй鱦ֶȻ޷첻⣬ֱ鱦ҲӦ˸ɹɳĿռ䡣
ĪӾԼ첻ߣͬʱȫİ취ڣ˳ĳĪӵ
첻֮ʣĲ裬ȫԼٲˣ첻ԷľĲ裬ĪҪģֻǵȴѡ
ŹâԽԽĺ«Ӧź«ı仯Ī֪ûԼʲôˡ
˫ۣĪӽԼȻ߳˱չصĽңǳĲ
÷ȥ·ϵʱ·䳡ĪӼǵӰ
Ѿһˣ֪ڹôǵӰĪӲɵЩڵĴ
ȻĪӶǷǳķģϾǵһζΪʦĪﻹǶٵĻһЩġ
ݣ֮УװΪһ˵ǣдУȻŴһ̶ӵˣڣ̶Ӵ󲿷Ҳ÷ɢˣϾв˶һʱġ
һµʱ䣬һֱڸ·жȹƽһξãԭݸ֮ľ룬ȻңԶͨأȻҪȥôʱ䡣
Ȼʱ󲿷ֶ·ϣ֮Уһ·ϵĵεΣȴǲٵĴ
һ·ϣǼʶ̶ڷ֮ʱָ·Ѵ֮ʱԮ֣֮ҲʶΪһ㼦ëƤС£ͷϧ֡
ЩεεС£õһ棬Ҳ˸еܵһ棬ЩǶУٽĪӸЩвĴ
ĪӶǵĽ̵ĸǣʵһ棬ĵĻҰǹģЩ鲻Ϊ㲻뿴Ͳڡ
ڵݣ̶˼룬Ƕһ·ọ́оȻһ˿ᣬ̶֮˶һѾϰߵģǾҲŴһ𣬺̶ӵ˵ˡ
뿪̶֮ǾԼЩĪӵˣ֪ĪϣԼ򵽵ʲôжԼҪʲôͻȻˡ


ڶپʮ ɱ
ԴĪӽ첻뵽֮첻ӦḶ́ܵ˵̫죬ҲԲ
ڲȥ˰ʱ䣬ĪѾо첻еѾںˣҪ˶ã̾ˡ
ܿˣ
۲ʶ֮кɫ«ı仯ĪЩڴ
Īķǳڴ첻⳹׵ںϳɹ
ⲻõһ鱦Ҫǣ鱦׵ڣ鱦Īл¼Լ飬ɱ䡣
飬飬ԴĶĺġ
һ˻ɢһǳµ£곹׵ֻҪڣֻܻصĻᡣһ˵𣬾Ǹµ飬ĴڳʧӽҲ㼣һִӴڲϵ
Īǰǰǻδ飬Ϊûг֮εֻأѾ죬ĸԴȴǲġ
ĪҪ鱦ָԼ飬ɱ䡣
ɱ䣬ĪõĺôȾʽһΣס
֮·֮;ֻ֮ͨ;ĻֶΣ֧֮׷Ŀ꣬ڤڤ֮вĴ
һôѾĪڽˡ
ʱ䣬ɽϷǳƽߺ仯ģǺɽһ֮ĪרΪڽġ
Ҳǲڣû˺ԼֵĶʱ֮УƺҲûôˣÿ˸Ī֮⣬ʱҪôȥɽ֮оһԼľƣҪôɽȥ
ʱУɽһɽѰֻһС鷳ѣĪӾȥһ£ڴķǳá
ҲĪѧϰ˼ʱˣǷȱЩĪӵĽ̵Ŭ£ҲǲˣÿҲҪѧôණˡ
Դǳȥ֮ɽҲȷ˲٣ĪʱΪں첻ߣչصʱȽ϶࣬һɽҲȷ壬ĪӾͬƽʱɽ
һһ˵Ըϲֵӣƽʱһ˴ɽϣһ˵˶ûУǾ˲ĪԾɽȥ
⼸ʱ䣬ȻԸѣʼĪµʱѾضˣǰӣڿԳŷſ
ĪӴ㣬ȵڵΪﵽ꾳磬ֱȥȥٻֱ÷ķʽ
һգν֮Ī̵ڣָ֪ʶڵȣҪĳ̶ˣһأڻǱȽصģԽĪӡ
ڼⷽ棬ıҪһЩһЩ츳
Ϊһÿһ֮䣬Ҫ໥ϣܹǿںһʱȵںΪһ֮ʱĶ࡭
ĪĽţͻȻ䣬Ī϶һϢϢ֮ĪӽڣɵþͱĿ⡣
Ϣĳ֣ĪӲòֹͣ˽⣬˵ʱ͸㽲ΪʦҪչأҲҪɽûɽ󣬱Ҫʱʱ
˵䣬ĪӾͼҴҵĸ˺ɽҡ
żҴҸɽĪӣҲû̫ģĪӸղϵϢڿĪǰϵļ֮ɫ֪ʲô£Ӧˡ
ĪôҴҵȥչأȻˣڸղţʶ֮ߺ첻⣬ںϳɹˡ
ˣĪӵѾǳɹˡ
ںɽչصľ֮УĪӽ״̬ʶʶ֮УܿͿʶǸɢŹâԵޱں«
ڣûκεװΣǴ˿̣ڵĺ«ȴһ۾˿
«ηһЩϸ΢ı仯ûиտʼˣ˵ĸоӻȻɣͷ·һֻĺ«Ϊġ
ɢŵĹâ·Լ̺ĵϣĪӸоЩƲ˫ۡ
ĪһƯں«ʼĪӿƮĪС
ƺͺ«Ӵһ˲䣬ں«ɢĹâһ˲͵ıøˡ
ĪмѾȫ«ˣֻܿз·һŹ⣬ԽԽĹ⣬ӵĪϣâܿͽĪȫ֣׵Ĳֱ˴ˡ
ĹâУĪӵʶյһƬ͸͸âģԿĪеĺ«һĪӵУܿ쳹׵ʧڽ֮ڡ
һ̣ĪӵΪķ壬鱦ź«룬ʼĪӵɢĪӵ˷츲صı仯
ĪӸоԴ̤֮;ʼԼûʹӽʶйǰδеƺѾڤڤ֮еˮ֮ͬʱľ֮򣬶֮գҲڷٵĽ
ģͨЩĪӺ񿴵Լ͸Լ񣬴ﵽĺģԼһ顣
ĪӿԼһ飬ͷ·ɳ֮У͸˱һɳɢŲĹ⡣
ʱ˿̣һɳڱһĲҪ¶
űЩɳһİ룬һҲԽԽˣĪҲоһĪɣͷ·ԼҲͬһ๸
ڣɳȫȥˣǹʼһ֮ϣԼ֮䣬ƺĳѾ˺ܾõĶһɢĹ΢΢ðһЩ
Ĺâ·ڲϵһ֮չâԽԽֱҪϨ
һ̣ĪӸоԼ˵˼άͣˣʶһֳŵ״̬˼ǣ볹׿顣
ҲֻǶ̶һ˲Ҳ˺ܳʱ䣬Īʶ»ָǹâ·ҪϨһ飬ͺѾ㹻ﵽ˷̩ٽ㣬Ȼ֮䣬â𣬶ҹâɫ͸ղѾȻͬˡ
һı棬·һ˲ȥһǣ׵һɱ䡣
Ҳʱ÷Уһ͸ȣԼӦ׶εڣͻȻ̧ͷĿԼΧ
ֻ˿Χ֮оȻƯһſŵˮ飬ɽеĲľߵ÷Ҳҡ֦Ҷȫһڶ
ʶģĪȥչ֮ǰķԸ˻ɽſƮڿеˮΣЩ֦ҶȫһڶĲľðһͷ
ʦ˼ңǿҪ˰ɣ


ڶپʮһ Ԫ«
ɽϵ󣬽˶̶Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ڿֱȽϼʱɽ֮⣬ûܵκӰ졣
Ƭ֮ɽ»ָΧ֮ЩƯŵˮȫأɽͷ·¹һһ㡣ֻеһЩڵŵĲľ֤Ÿղŷ顣
ķǳ棬ԼʦͨطŻ
֪ʦʲôʱܱչسͨطܴܲùϴεˣ
ʱ˿̣ɽչؾ֮еĪӣ˫ۣ۵˲䣬׹ת˲ʧ
ɹˡĪǹһĨЦݣ˵
һͬǳ˳ĳɹˣס첻⣬ʹ仯Ϊһ鱦ͬʱ鱦ɱ䣬Լ顣
ֱڣĪӲתֻ֮شӰ졣
̧֣Īһ֮Уͻ۳һˮţȻһˮΧԼת
תĹ֮Уˮʼϵı仯״ǻһϸˮצۣÿһ˺֣ΩΩФֻһֻ裬ֻһˮ«ˣ»ˮţĪӵС
һжˮĲݣĪûκεҪˮ֮⣬ȫһֱܵɱ֮ı仯֮һ
֮ǰĪҲͬҪǻˮ֮⣬ˮ֮ϵɵ衣
ڣΪһֱܣĪӶˮ֮Ҳøˡ
ɱ䣬Īӵı仯ȫλЩһ޷̾Ϳĺô˵ʣԼڵЩĪӽУǱĬĺô
һֵĺôͼӰĪھܹᵽ˵ղֶˮܰĿơ
ȾΪߵΪԽÿһǰһĲͻԽԽӦõʱҲǳĳ
ĪӸոͻƴ粻ãԭҪΪĪӾþԼҲٲʮĻۣܲܵ﴿ڣѾǱȽϿˡ
ڣĪӸоԼ봿ڣѾˣһʱ䣬ʱͻơ
ξǶڵ򣬲ˮ֮Īľ֮Լˮľ֮ͬҲкܴĽ
ȻϵЩĺôĪõôȻߺ첻ں֮󣬵鱦ˡ
ǰ̯ĪӵУ̾ͳһڵĺ«
֮еĺ«ֺĸоĪں޲Ц
һ鱦һ޶ĴڣԽеķɱı
ںɵʱ첻֮еҲԵٵĳˣĪеĺ«һ鱦
һ첻⣬Ϊһ鱦ڲֻˮһˣá
ں«ڲһƬĿռ䣬֮һˮΪԴԴԴ϶
ͱ˵Ī«֮עһˮṩ㹻ǳ֮Ǻܿ«֮оͻᵮԴԴϵˮ
ͬƬռ䣬Ҳ֮߱Ч«֮УԽ«װˮԵС
ֻڱϾֻ̫ǿҺ«лûʲôˮҪʹֶζԵУĿǰء
к«ĿǰЧĪѾ൱ˣϾֻܹչֳޣԵ֮ȻǿǱ
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Īеĺ«ֻѣҪﵽһصԶ
ΪڣԴԪͳΪԪ«鱦Ԫ«еĺ«ĪӸȡһ֡
еĺ«Īվ߳˱չؾңص÷С
¿ĪӵʱԭҪԼʦͨطȻڱչصʱ
ɻûеڣھ͸оĪϵϢչ֮ǰȣ˷츲صı仯
ϢøǿˣȻΪǿһЩǹƮ֮УҲøˣͶ֮䣬һһһֹŹֵĺг֮С
ʦ˼ҸߵӣǲĳˣĪһ֮˵һ仰
ΪʦǳˣȰⲻФʦšĪӿЦ
ʦϵϢչ֮ǰȣ仯ʵ̫ˡڼĪ˵
ΪʦֻһϢı仯վͲôˡĪЦ˵
ĪִڵĿУ֪Լղűչ֮ʱȴҲûڽʲô
ĪӲͣҲʶȤûжȥʣԼĺѹĵס
ʱһתǼȥˣͬĪ˵ϵϢ仯⼸ʱ֮УľͲôˣѾı䣬ҲܻصĪɱ֮ǰָоˡ
⼸ʱУĪҲһ鱦ĹЧԭ߱ˮ⣬Чǰǿ˺ܶࡣ
ĪӶ÷е÷ʹһ£Ȼ÷ֳһأͬʱ÷ʱ䣬ΧƵǳ֮֮⣬ܹˮɫĹâ÷ֱ֮ɢ
ĪҲԪ«֮עһˮͬʱ㹻ǳ֮һʱĪӷԪ«֮Уһˮ΢΢һЩˮ
ĪעԼǹˮһʱȥǹˮû̫࣬ֻǰҡ
ǹˮͨĪӵΪԽԽߣͨҲԽԽǹˮҲԽԽӽǹˮˡ
Ԫ«ֻ֮ԹЧˣĪҲȫԽܣοٶҲǺջۣЧǷǳɹ۵ġ
Ҳˮǹˮ൱ֶΣɽɽ䣬һ΢̺ǳ֮ɽȪˮԪ«һʱܹʮס
ĪӲһԪ«˵ЧĪһЩɽҰޣԪ«׼ЩҰޣֻҪ֮ЩҰû˿֮ȫԪ«С
«ڵҰޣڽ«֮ȫ˻֮Уû˿ķ֮
Īصȥҵ˼ֻˮ«ڣմŲԳԪ«ĿǰܹöΪޡ
ĪԪ«֮еģ񾳽ˮҲû˿ķ֮ĪûȥԣǸоôʱӦòô˳ܻᱻԷѡ


ڶپʮ ½׶
ѩ죬ǧɽһס
Īϴ򿪷߳ۿģɽѩһ׵ľ֮·ʣһɫȥϤľɫȻ˼ֺƵ֮С
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ëѩҲӰ첻÷۵ΣѵڣҲû˿ıԹԹԵĸĪΡ
ֻҪɽôÿϵξǷģڱչ֮вܴţһòμӡ
ĪӺڣǵӰӰѩʼһΡ
ɽΧĻɽ󷨣ķӰ첻ɽڲĪƽܣĪӱȽϲ÷䵽ɽϣӵȻ
νڿԹ뿪Ӱ񣬶Ī˵ʦˣʦֽǻز˰ɣ
Īԣ΢΢˵ͷһͨ˵ݣȥһЩǷȱĶ޷һȹصġ
֪ʦػôӦûĲɡĿݵķ֪пܾǸΪȥݣһ㻹ġ
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ǰ⼸£ƾŬƵЧΪɹͻƵڣĪӵΪҲͬˮɵĵ˴ڡ
꾳磬ҹƻúüʱ䡣ԣЩڴ˵
꾳磬һʵʱһ磬Ϊ磬߾ܹԼСͨ
һǿСͨһͨɢޣʵҲ̻ᷢ츲صı仯ȻãĺܷͨǾֻܿˡ
ڼʶԼʦֵСͨԿƾǿԼ׵磬ʵ
ҲǳڴԼ꾳֮󣬻СͨΪ֮󣬾ͲֹһεĻЩǳСͨ׷֮ģԺȥʱвСơ
ʵϣģǻһǿıͨΣյʱ˲ܹߣºԼʦʦԼҳӡ
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ڽɽ֮ҲԼȥģҪȥºӹ壬Īɽæ
ɽĪӶһ˻ߵɽµ֮֮һ㡣
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ѩƮ䣬ĪӵļͷңϣֺܿƮ䣬ûа취Īӵϸš
ܶѩУĪӵϣȴûմ϶ѩֻרעļԼеīȡ
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λԣ֪ԼȰ½ףҲ˺һߣٶˡ
ȵȫƿ½׷˼öҩԼ״̬һųɫı鸡ͷһͬɫĴƯһĨᶨ֮ɫͬʱа
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ΪԴͷǴ½׵ڿʼȼյġ
Ļ⣬ݵ˶ˣһЩΪȽϸߵ֪ô£Ծͨ˵һĻǱȽϡġ
ھĸУڽϵ˶ͣס˽ŲĿǱ߳Ļ⣬Сţ²Ǳߵ׷ʲô
ֱһߵľ¥ϣжһƣĿתԶĻ⣬һֱôţֱ˴ԼʱǳĻȻɢȡ֮ͻȻһƬƣſХԶĸ֮УҲ֮һ硣
վ֮ԭ򿪵ĴΪĴ͵һ¹ˣеҲ֮衣
һ֮ƣвûѡȥ򿪴ΪѾûбҪˣ뿴Ѿˡ


ڶپʮ ֶ
罥ƽϢ½ΧĻѾԭˡ
ԭվɽ壬ѾɣһƬɳرΧҪһأƺʱڣ;ϴǷ绯ĺۼ
½ϵòͷëһûˣϵüëҲûˣͷ飬Ʈڱ죬ҲǹâأڷıڲıģֻҪúһʱָܻ
ڿȫǱ½еĹâȴǳгһϲ֮飬ԼٺͬҲңԼһѶĶˡ
°ɣ֮еķѾȥˣֻδ٣᲻ᡭԶػļڵĳУһ˿һƬɳ֮˵Ļû˵꣬˼ѾǳԣȻ½пѾˡ
һһλϸҪ˵ͻȻͿһƬɳ֮УһɫĹâڶѸ߷â̳֮½׵Ӱ
䵽ߵ½ףڵĳϻһۣ˴жһĨâҶµһЩ
ȥɣ硢ѹʣµ֣ûһʱаա½׿żϣƽ˵
жɹ֮½ô˵ԭҶʵļ̳ûʵ
պҪʱ˵ڣȻȥɣ½һ˵ţһóһµ·Ѿò·
½׻·֮ԭò·뿪к̻˻ҽ
·ԭһƷķ£½׶ɹ硢֮ʵѾˣ֮û̻ΪҽҪ½Լάסˣڻ£Ѿķ£Ȼͱˡ
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һϵķѣûκμֵˣȥɣ½׿˷еĶһֱۣƿĿ˵
λ񾳽ĳԣҲƿԼĿ⣬½׵һͬصڡ
½׻صڣԼɹ硢ֵһ̣ڵĵӣȫˣҶ֪ζʲô
ɹ˷硢ֻ֣Ҫٶɹ֣֮ôڣͽٴεһλԪɡ
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εĶ֮Ѿǰˣʣµľ˵ˡ
ڶأȹΪֵһأڵĵӣȫϲ֮Уʵǿǳ⣬Ҳӵе
ڵĵӶ֪ͬҲ죬һֱû¶棬ڱչ˵½ףһһ
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ոնɹ硢ֵ½ףһ֮ɫ˹еѯʣʱҲһԲв֪˼ʲô
пųĬ½ףҲܲµԷ˼֪Է룬˵
ǲǾãѾɹ˷硢ֻ֣ʣ֣ܸĺôѾûʲôˣȫƾɹ֣԰ɣ
еȻʣǻе˼ȴ൱ƶʵҲȷˣ½лôġ
Ѿɹֻʣһ֣ƾɹ硢֮Ȼһصʵɹ֣а˳ɵİա
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½ھѹ㣬ôõˣĺôѾǺҪˡ
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У½Ѿʼûڲ֪֮䣬ͱʲô֡
ˣϲûκֶΣĶҲʲôֻ֡ǣܹ֮ضΪֻô𣿡΢΢ҡҡͷ´һ˿Цݡ
󡣡Լûʲô֣½ԷһЩȻּʵ
֣ɷ֮һ飬ɹ˱ԪɣȥǷ֮
ֶ֮Ǹ޷һζɹ֮˵һȻԷֶɹ֮Ҳûдۣʹ÷ֽ֮֮ѶȼǿʱϵԽãʣµֽپͻԽǿԽѶɹһҲ֮ˡ
л˵ʱ½ϵѾ÷ǳѿˣҲ˼֮ˣƾԼжϣȷԲûƭ
Ҳ˵˷ֶ֮ԭƾԼɹ֣ʵֻһЦ
ڣ㻹ãܹƾԼɹŶҼǵһλǸֻֽ֮ٵķˣô˵ҪƴһƺҲûʲôˡл˵һ½֪û˿·
˺ðʱ䣬½ײһŹ˵Ӯˣʲôֱ˵ɡ
ڸղţ½Ѿгһ£ڵȷ޷֣һо繴˵û·
ԭһֻԵ֮ѹ㣬û뵽ʱʵѾ˼ҵС
½Ҳеǳıڵ̫ǳԼҲЩżˣŻ˼ҵУʵһϢϵĲԵȣԼ̫굼µġ
ȲҪżڽ֮ǰȰһС£Ҳܹ㣬ͬҲҿ½׵ĻϵЦݱøӲˡ
½ûпڣȴеġ
֪ӸӰɽһĪɢһЩڣϣԼս
ҲȥıѪĺ򡣡½ԣǳƽ˵
ģֻԼսûɱҲһܹɱƴȫҲֻܻп½˵
е仰½ЩˣĪ֮ĹڣԴ塢ԻѾȥˣԭ½״ȵԼͻԪ֮󣬲ҪǽϣʱȥĪӡ
ǰһʱ䣬ĪӵٴαȻѪĺĺ󱲣Ĺ˼øˣ˵ԼһܹɱĪӣʾĪӵıʵҲǲС
½׼ǵãĪӷͻʱĪֻһ꾳Сʿ̶ȥȻɳô졣


ڶپʮ ս
ֻ̫࣬ҪԼսǣڽΣҪҪɵĿģ취Ǹǵĵӡһ˵ţһվ
ǶһССĿ飬飬ҿǸøĶҾԲģôС¶ãǺǣ
仰˵꣬ûм˵ֱתȥ֮߳αʧˡ
½Ҳûͣ߳ŵĹУϵɫȴ
Ϊһ֮½׶һǾԶҪǣűߣĻճԿԶԼ
ղԹеʱ½׵ȷǷˣⲢһҪչеİţƾڲ½ʵδûѡ
һ֣½׽ŹؽһȻӴó
һ½׵ĵӡΪڵ½ʵҲ˵ְ֮
һһɫƣû㾫£ȴʲô
ǰ½ȽԼڵע˵ӡУȻ󽫵ӡѹǸɫϷͨӡŻʳʼϢ
ݵĵָ֮һЩҪפذݣʱĪȥҹհףհ׵ĿУĪӵ֪׼ݵЩţʳƷǰͳεʱṩһЩСš
Щ֮УڵӰ
ԭǻʳЩŵһرղûнפذݣʳĻرΪֹţڣ½׼õᡣ
õӡϵ˻ʳã½ϵɫ΢һ㣬ɫЩ任ƺµҪȡᡣ
գ½ɫüᶨóһп¼ݡ

һ֮ҹĪӻºӹȹģǣĪɽĪӸǰ߶Σòã֮ҹҲԲһںõġ
ĵ棬Ҳ֪ΪʲôȻˣᵽĪࡢĪ˵ϡ
Īӵĸ׿ʼȥĪࡢĪ˵ǼͬѣرĪΧŴתǸôûй
һԵĪֻҲ쵽ϣڰټѧãûѧʶˣʾøС
ĪࡢĪʮ꣬磬һЩѾʼ̸ۼˣ˵仹΢еСĪɽƺЩˡ
ǶĪȫκδ߻ϣģҲ֪ԼԺӻţ˵һĳˣֻܰѱӵĿ꣬ŵĪࡢĪϡ
ع󣬵ڶһ磬ĪӾͺڷɽһͬģɽܸĸ߶ĪࡢĪˡ
ĻСôͱĸ£˻ûпôࡣ
ĵһ죬֮ĪӲûкһһֱɽϣǴںĪࡢĪһɽȥӰصĸӡ
÷ѾüˣõֻͨĲģ⼸ʱȥĪʶ֣ϵһЩƬ΢һЩ𣬻һЩطȽϾˣ׼ȥ΢һ¡
ʵڽֻ֮Ҫļӳ֣һ㲻Щܾûг֣Ѿˡ
÷ǰһ֮󲻾ãͲòǰٴɽµ֮⣬֮иû¶Ǿò¶ˡ
ΪĪӣ÷Ƿǳʢģĵһ죬Ҳвٵճɣмլƽ
ڻĪࡢĪȥȥ֮󣬸ҪĪӶ֣ںĪࡢĪֽŷǳĽҪɵĵطˡ
ڼ䣬ĪࡢĪʹõյİټ֮ȥʱԽһء
ĪȥɵģΪ÷ڻʳÿ궼רɣܣʱ򣬼˾ͻص÷ۡ
ҹʱĪҵĪӣɫ֮΢ЩԥƺʲôĪ˵еԥĪӾʹĪ࣬ɽͤ
ʲô£˵ɣĪӿĪ࣬΢Цſ˵
ԴĪࡢĪټѧѧϰ֮ԽԽˣĪ˵ЩʲôµľٶȴԽԽˡ
ĪӲԽԽĮߣ෴Ⱳӵ黹ǺܿصģºӹļңҲһݹУÿ֮ҹĪӶºӹ塣
ĪĪӵĻ֮һȻĪ˵¡
겻֪ζʲô£޷Ǿ¶ĸϵķգĪķվˡ
ʲôѪŵ֮ΪĪֳڣһȫ⡣
ĪеǣԴһδɽصټѧúǵλҲһЩӦ˼ĹϵƺԽԽˡ
Ī಻ɵӣںǸദʱԼܹоǹ˼ƺϡ
Ȼĺ⣬һʲĵܵܣҪ̤֮·Ǳڵ˼ȻϣܹĪ˵˵Īӵ¡
ĪÿĻжоЩŤЩᣬӽԼǲǾͨԼǸνʲĵܵܣܹ뵽Īӵ¡
ĸǷǳģμκεĶͬɵһαʱҲܻѶԷù
ĪĪĽ֮󣬲ûֱӸĪôֻվһֳĽǶȥοһһЩ
ˣܻиָȱ㣬ĪӶĲ࣬ǰһЩ˵ľ飬ĪӾеģĪ˵ˡ
žԼ֮һ˼뿪Ī࣬Īֻи̾Сһĳˡ
˵ĪǸôĪʵôģĳɳҪģֻҪǴ۳صܲĽѵնǳɳһ֡
˵ٶ࣬ջԼȥˣźˣˣҲɳˡ
ʱ֮ĪࡢĪ뿪ɽص˰ټѧȥѧϰĪࡢĪ뿪ɽͬһ죬ĪյһݣеЩ
ϸǰڵĵӣԷȽᣬΪ꾳ڣпɣվĪӵǰֵҲǲ
ʲô𣿡Īӿǰڵĵ˵
Ҫ˵Ļȫ¼֮Уǰһ֪ϣǰܹ֮һ׼ȷĴ𸴣ûȥڵĵ˵
Īԣеͷת
һԼսս½ףԼĪһ֮ݱ߽֮ս˽֮ǰĶԹ
ӵһսĪеǳ⣬֪ûô򵥡
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӵĿɨһɽĲһ²⣬ȻҲóһѸ¼ݣ͵ڵӵС
½ףһ֮һǰȥһս˽֮ǰԹġ


ڶپʮ ӭս
ڵӣڵõĪ׼ȷĻظ֮û˿̱ͣ뿪ɽȥˡ
Īӿеս飬仺ķ£ȻĿ䵽ɽС
½׵ĳͻĪһֱûǣʵ⼸ȥĪӶ鿴ҲԽԽˣĪΪ½׶˵ѾʲôµĶˡ
Īû뵽쾹Ȼյһݣ½׵ս顣
Īӿȷϣ½ӦûͻԪɣԼյս顣
Ԫɾĸ֣ҪɱԼԼӰض֣СĳԼһս飬Ѷˡ
һԪɾĸԴСԼսһɢޣ˵ȥܹ鲻ôġ
ңǰһʱ䣬ΪѪĺĵķ˶֪ĪӱĿɽǡѪĺģĪӲ½ûйע¡
֪Լɽ£Ϊ֮ǰĶԹԼ鷳鱳һԭ
Īӵĳ˲࣬һ½֮⣬ܹõˣһǹˡ
ԴӡѪĺΪԼ֮󣬹оҲûгֹĪӶܹоӰصΧƺһֱڶԼ
ҲΪˣĪʱ򣬲ŻôСģΪ˲˷֣ܱ֤ǵİȫ
ǹеĻĿģӦˣĪ뵽
ԼѾͳȥˣɽģֻǵһӰ񣬲ܶԷʲô⣬ûϵʵɽϡ
Ҫ˵ֳǡ˼ת֮䣬ĪͻȻʦԬ˲˹еһ㡣
һַǳĶǵʦԬΪ˵ķɣŵСͨҲûӹ˵ķɣɼ˵
Ǹ˵ˣʳˣǿ˳ɾ֮𣬻á
ȻҲҪ̫ǿ˹ȻǳҪҲûгһ˵ֻҪù˵ͷĴڣǾȫлء
һɽʱûֱӶǳ֣һûлᣬһ棬ҲΪԼ֣еɱһ˷ɡ
½ֳ֮ǣ½׳е˷ɣͺ͵ԬһӦǹе֮һˡ
ʱת۹ȥڵ½ף½ĴĪԼսϢʼݺݷΧڴˣܱߵݵݸҲ֪Ϣ
ϢĴĪҲһϢ½׾Ȼɹ˷硢֣Ϊּĸ֡
ֲĸս飬ԭǶɹ˷硢֣Ϊּĸ֡ڵ֪Ϣ֮ĪҲûκεĵġ
ɹ˷硢ֲ֣Ƕɹ˴֣½׶ɹ֣ĪҲţ½׵ʵܴﵽе̶ֳȡ
ĪӵΪѾﵽ˴ڣɱ䣬ʱʵĪٴκ͹н֣¹˭δ֪ĪɲǶ֣Աȫġ
ĪӶԼгֵģ磬˵֪½׶ɹ硢֮ⳡԼսĽձĪӲ̫á
ϾĪֻͻƴ粻ãɢ޳˵ֶβĸ֣һûмֶΣ
ʱһȥ½׺ĪӵԼսѾԽԽܶȥֵˣѾǰݺݱ߽紦׼ǰҸõط֡
÷УĪ⼸Ҳ½Ӵ˼λߣӸĸй۵ԪдݸϹأԼĪǰʶĴ֣ڵ֪ĪӺ½һսǰݷĪӡ
õˣǴģԪ͸ĵĪӵ֮УϾⶼǽڡ
ص˵ĵЩĪӵˣȻ벻ǺԶΪԼרһˣܿɹˡ
ݺݵĽ磬ʵһݽ֮أһԲԶݵؽ硣
ԭƬشΧвٵڣΧԭסˣѾƵ˱𴦣ݽ֮䣬֪ʲôʱѾһƬտĳأΪһսս
ƬصΧвٵɢѾǰڵĵӣƬصΧֹʲôǰĲá
սѾˣʱҲ֪࣬˫ʲôʱǳƬսԶĵطɢ޾һڻ̸ཻţһɢ޿˵
ʲôԼսھ죬˵½Ѿˣ÷۵ĪǰҲӦ·ˡһɢԣ̻ش
˵ⳡսĽ᲻ʲôһɢ޿˵
ʲôȻǶϣ÷۵ĪǰܹӮʵĲ̫ĪǰӮϣ̫Сˡʼ˵ɢҡҡͷ˵
Ǽ˵ݶɢޣΪݵԭ򣬶ͬɢ޳ĪӣϸкøУϣĪܹӮⳡսʤ
ϵĺøУսĽ˫ʵԱȣ˶ܹȻĪӵʵҪ˲ֹһ
Ҳû취ϾĪǰʱ̫̣Ҫٹһٶ꣬½׾ԲĪǰĶ֡

ڼ˵䣬֮һ£˼ԲԶ˼˵ע⡣
ɢȥֻӰֳĪӺˡ
Լսʱ伴ˣĪӲѹʱԾһ㡣
Īӵĳ֣һЩϳݣû뵽Ϊⳡս֮һĪӾȻǰˡ
һ˲䣬ʶΧ𣬸ĪӴ˸кĪҲһһ˻Ӧ
ڴк֮󣬲û˳ĪӣĪӴڣΧһƧĵطȻȶȴ½׵ĵ
ܿ죬ĪǰϢͱΧ˶֪ˣղŽ̸Ǽɢޣź֪֪ԭղ䵽߲Զģ֮ǰ̸۵Īӡ
ԭǾĪǰȻʹһĪǰǳᣬһǸӦĪǰĵӰɣ֪ûлύһ¡ɢһСš
ѾǴĪӣȻûʸӴģĪӵĵӣȴԽύһ¡
ҲһвסˣڷΧʿ֮ͲסΣȺ֮пĺʱ̸Ī˵һȥкˡ
ҲǸʦһģĪԾͰʦսʼԺ΢չһڡ
ʱ䣬˵ʵǳĶݣܿ͵Լսʼһ졣
ĪѾԼ״̬ѣֻȴⳡսĿʼ
ĪӿһɫĹâһֱɵٳսϿգһӰʱĪӾ֪ⳡսϿʼˡ
ͬΧЩȴսˣҲȫ˾׼ӭ⼴ʼһս
һڣĪīȣŲǰһ߽Ѿ׼˽ս̧ͷ֮е½ףΧһ⡣


ڶپʮ ˮǧ
½׿·Ѿ߶ĪӣĪĹâǵü֮ǰ·ɢޣȫ󣬵ǽϵ˳ȣĪͱɱˡ
ɶ̶ʱȥվĪӣѾ˺Լһսʸ񣬼Լɹ˷硢֣ɸݹ˵ҲδܹɱĪӡ
ǺεȵʺͻԵһɢޣڶ̶֮䣬ͳɳ˵ز
½һ˼ܵˣ֪ĪӲ򵥣ҲԼھǱеĵʱֻ˰ڲҲҪԼѡ񣬵˭
䵽ϣ½׿ŶĪӣȻ󵭵Ŀ˵겻ʹһ꾳СʿɳĵزұѪĺĿɽصԼս㣬Ҫ˽ᵱĶԹչ󣬲ʤԹ壡
Ī½׵Ļϵûɢȥȴ΢΢˵ͷ
ĪӺ½֮ĶԹѾȥԻˣ½׸Īʲô
ˣĶԹĪӴڽ˵ԹĻĪӾͬˡ
Īӵͷ½ҲðһɫĹ⣬һŻէ֣һ˻ɫĴ˲Χ¶ȶһء
ְɣ½ȼһŻ棬еĪ˵
仰ĪҲû˿ĿһĴɫεľԪ̷ɳĪӵͷһĪεı
Īīڵһ㣬һɫĹâīȵ䴦Χɢ
âɢԭյսâɢֲһգ۵ĹΧͱһƬ֡
һƬУ½ȼյĻ棬ַɳ䵽Χļϣͬʱεضſзȥ
½׷˲䣬ٵ׳ӵһ趯ĳߣŶȥ
Щûе½׵ߣֻǽӴΧĳâȻȼˣЩǿ½׶ȥ
ץԼ죬½͵һӣһλ裬̳һƬˣ·ѹ¡
Ļˣ·սȫˣûƬ£·ĪһµĻ·ѸһˮĻ
ˮӴһ˲䣬ƬˮڶѸٵıѹΧˮ֮䣬Ȼγ˶һ˲Ľ֡
Īһˮɵ֮ϣȻһ̣Щ̴棬ڻˮȴٶȲ½ȥ
½׷ӦҲǳѸ٣ûжܣһųɫı˲ǰγһɫĹֵ֣סеĹ
ΧսˣʱȫĿתĿţĪӺ½׵սŸոտʼֻ̽ѣչֵֶΣѾе˼ˡ
һμ򵥵̽½׶ĪӵʵѾ΢һס
ʵȷǳǿΪѾ˴ڣڻûбֳ˵ս
ӦʲôֶΣŻùжôߡ½ţͬʱҲ
µĻʧ½˫ӡͷһɫĻɢųȵĸ£ûԱߵĿҲЩŤ
ȥ
ɫĻﵽһ̶ȣ½зı任ӵɫĻ֮УȻѳɫĻ·Īȥ
ɫĻ£ˮ۶ɵϣû𵽶赲ã˲䱻ɫĻǿͻơ
Īӵɽǰ½ʩչǸʱ½ֳֻܷһȴֳܷȻ½׶ս˲١
ĪӡΧˮܵǣۼĪӵΧΧĪӵ壬һ׶೤ı
ڿնֱӭɫĻ˴˾һɫĻһƬȵĵɫ棬Ī۳һҲڻֱ֮ӱ˿塣
ԼĹٴαĪӵ½׼Ҫˣе챻пٵĻ裬ͷҲ֮ɫһƬϼͬϦʱĻơ
ɽ䣡
һƬϼĳ֣½ٴеĺϼУʼһŵĻ棬ŵ׹䡣
Ƭ淶ΧǳΧսˣʱҲòȥܲ½׵Ĺ
Сͨˮľ廪
µһŻ򣬾ͬһܼĪҲʹԼСͨ
һӰ֮ԭֳĽս֮أȫĪСͨķΧˣӰУһƬľۣ˵ǰ
ĪΪӣСͨռһƬۣû˰֮УȫǻʵʣͬʱҲøˡ
ƬľۣһԹսˣȻ֪ƬǼٵģһЩˣвһϧľۣЩĻƻˣϾõĶƻˣҶЩϧ
˸еϧһĻȴûз
ֻǴ콵µĻ꣬䵽ĪСַͨΧУû֮ǰûκԤ׵ģӶɢ˿ûӰ쵽ǰľۡ
½׿һĻоâһԭɫϣȻȼһŵɫĻ档
ɫĻ渽ı棬̱ɢſֲĸ£ͺһֽɫ̫һ㡣
Сͨף䣡
½һٿűɫ飬͵·ˣͷ·һ⽵ʯҪ·ĵҵķѡ
ܵһܶڹսĸ֣жһ˿أһǶѽӵ
ɢſֲ¶ȵ飬һ£һΣĪӵСͨûܹϨ⵭ɫĻ棬Ƭľۣڻֲĸ£Ť
ΧսΪĪӾ޷׽һʱֻһҫ۵Ȼ֣֮ӭ˱ŵ顣
ҫ۵УƺҲһö飬תţɢһµ뵽˽֮С
ĪСͨʱѾʧˣĪӵӰٴγ˵ǰ
˾ȵķ֣ĪӵĽ£ղԭûĺʱȴģĪվںϣпٱ任ŷµĺˮڷƺʯ쾪һ
һ˲䣬Īеķֹͣ·ĺʱͷ·Ļ˹һ㣬ѸٴĪӵĽӿһˮڿն
ˮǧ
ĪӵЩڿնˮѸٻһˮڣĸΧΧƬն䡣
һˮڣѸٵһ£мĿ꣬Ʈڰе½ס
½ʱԼƺûжܵأϵ£ΧûκǣֻӲ
žž
һײ𣬾ͷ·ըѣȵʱһըĪӵһڽˡ
һͬʱ½ǱӰҲйս˵У˶еЩţΪߵ½ףȴĪһôǱ


ڶپʮ 
ˮǧĪӡԪˮ¼֮еһŷǳǿĪʹģʵֻǾ֮ģĻˮǧҪǿ󣬾ɷһεġ
ĪΪһ㣬ϸոɱ䲻ãҪѧɷҪٵʱ䣬ĪӾŪһ򻯰档
ȻǼ֮ģѾʵʵڵչ˵ǰɹ硢ֵ½ǱӾ֪ˣжǿ
½ƮڿУһ˿ѪϵѾòе죬Ʈͷ飬ڹâֱðˡ
ɹ硢ֵʱ΢Щ𣬾½һʱܻϻָһЩɸղžĪӵι½֮ǰŬ׷Ѷˣøˡ
½ҲûйĿ⿴·Īӣļɵղһιûнס
һ濴ᱡˮڣٶȷɿײԼǰʱ½ײоˮڶ̺һδεĹȫǽϵģ಻޿ײ룬һδεҲԽԽǿ
ֱһιʱȻĹ½Ĳûпס
ĪҲǱ½ףԼһҸôǱ½׽ضǿһǷĪѾ׼ʹˮ׽½״ܡ
ĪһֻıڱָѾһξӨ͸ˮƴʱ׼֡
Ʈڰе½ף˿ų˳ɫĹâ־ٵǰ׼Ҫʩչǿһ
½ָֻոմһ𣬶ͻȻͣסˣϵĳâٵĴӿн¡
½˫Ŵصһ̣ϵѾȫˣһĻΧս˶Щ⣬֪ʲô
ĪҲ½ף΢΢һ£֪½ʲôȴûһ˿и
½׿ĪӣûκεĶƬ֮½ſڡ
ĪӣӮˣ
仰Ī΢΢һ£еľûаɡ
½˵仰ĿĪһۣתһɫ⣬Ѹڿն
ˡĪüͷ½׾Ȼˣôɴľ뿪ˡ
½׸ղȻһˣƣ½սӰ첢½׺ôҲһ֮ɹ˷硢ֵĸֶ֣ξԲֹոչֳ
½׸ղ֮ǰʵҪʹǿֶηģɲ֪ԷΪʲôͻȻȴˣֱˡ
Īϵָһ㾧ӨˮʧеīҲ
ΧڹսˣʱҲоЩ㵣սŸոռôת˲֮䣬һȻˣһȻ֮ǰҶûȡʤ½ס
תЩ̫ͻȻ˶û뵽սôͷβĽֱ½뿪֮˹һйսŷӦⳡսĽˡ
⣬½Ȼˣս֮Уηѵ˵
Χ˵ͷȻͬǳ⣬ʵѾǰˣҲɵôҲš
ֻǣ˶ܹ½ײûоȫĪӵʵҲȴ֮еĸǿ
ⳡսʲôΪ֪أ½ΪʲôĵԼսȴôͷβ䣬ÿжһԼĲ²⡣
Īת뿪˸ղŽս֮ʦͽǰһ˷֮ɫڱӭ
Ҿ֪ʦ˼һӮǸ½ףͲʦĶ֣Ӿͱ˼Ҵˡ
һЦݵڣĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ½ײûоȫȫ֣Ҫûôס
ĪӵĻûʲôӦԱߵʦȴɵðҡҡͷĪЩˡ
Ȼ֪½Ϊʲô䣬½׵ΪҪ߹Īӣ²֪ʲôԭͻȻ䣬ĪҲӦС½ס
뷨ֻһ룬ϾΪĪӲ˲֪жԶ֮Ҳûʲô飬ûʸЩ˵
Īں˵䣬ӰҲĪӵߣĪʶ֮ˣĪӹϲһ£˳Ҳк
˵ĹϲأĪӱֵıȽǫ飬½ûоȫˣǴҶܿģĪоԵսʤ½ףʱҲ˵Ļ
սˣΧսҲЩɺɢȥˣԭΪһսôҴ۽磬ȴЩʧ
߰ɣҲûȥˣ֪ɽôˣʶ˴к֮ĪҲ׼ȥˣԵ˵
ʦò׳һΣܲܲҪôż߻ȥã;һ·羰˼˵ģҲһаôҪȥˣЩĶĪ˵
βУҪú´л˵ɣڵÿϻȥΪʦȻ֮ǰһЩãȴüﱻ̣ĲˡĪӶ˵
ĪӵĻĪӻ˼ͷҪȥҪˡ
ĪӴڣʩչݷλһ⣬ٵĸϻɽ
һӽɽĪӾͷɽΧѾ⣬ԭɽƵм䣬һԲεĿն˳նеĽ͸¶
ȻնĪаһ
˲ֶ֪Σ֪ƻ󷨣һûбԼת
ɿĽɽͬʱųԼʶɽһɨĪһԼ֮ǰõֶδ඼ڣĵ²ûз
ĪߵʱҲΧɽ׷ʲô£ղſΧϵǸնҲ֪ˡ
ĿɨΧڲûзʲô⣬ɽеĽ˿̶һƬУĪ뿪֮ǰרſɽϽɵ󷨷
˿̣ЩеĽҲûκε⣬ɽУҲûκεﶪʧ
Īӵ÷ǰ÷Ľ⣬ɽطĹâҪŨڹâ֮Уȫ÷ڲľ
ɽϣĪΪصĵطЩ÷ͨͨ䷿ݣϺԺ÷֮ǰõĴֶζ
Īӵͷһ÷ǰĵ棬һЩۼ
ԷӦҪ÷ۣԼһֶΣһЩ֮󣬵Ͼͷˡ
һĪֹͣɽ󷨣÷۵Ľ⣬ѸٵˣȻ¶üĽ
ĪӿʼһĽЩһԵڿԼʦóһɫĺ«Щʱ򣬽һЩӨˮţһЩɫˮ뵽˺«֮С
ɫˮţǾӨ͸ģڲûиоôǺɫˮΣȴڸеһֱΣա


ڶپʮ Ƶ
Īӽ÷۵Ľһк֮ǰûκε𣬸û˽÷
ɽϸϸһ֮ĪӵǰĪ˵ʦҸոտ˿ɽʲôûжʦֵǸӰ񲻼ˡ
Ī˵ͷ֮ǰʶ̽ʱͷˡ
ǵӰ񣬵й۵Ѿ˵ˣֻάһңԭʱѾˣȻʧ֮ǰܹһΣĪҲûаñ˰æ
ʦʦֲĪӵͷûбʾʲôȴ΢Щˡ
Ϊʦ֪Բʦװ֮ȥˡĪӿ˵
ϴʦֵ׺ʲôԹǲǺʦֵйأԣʵ
ദô꣬һֱܺǵֱô£֮˵֫һѵ¡
ʳ⣬Ī΢΢һ£Ҳûжµĺһ飬ֻǹݣһЩһЩûȫ˵
žӣʦֵ⣬Ҳûа취ֶͨۻָֻܵպΪﵽһĵزܹûԭָۣܹ
ʱ룬úõЩ˽һ죬мǲҪ˵ȥǡ
Īڽ֮ڶһ䡣
˵ĺǺǿģر֣Ī²ǵպҲ취Լȥ̽£ˣһĺġ
ĪӵĽɫ΢΢Щû뵽ǾȻľ
ʦģ֪أ˵һı飬һûеء
ĪȥԼȥɽĻɽ󷨡
ɽΧĻɽ󷨳һն΢޲һ£ָܹĪȴ޸ˡ
ɽΧֻһޣĪӵʱΪȽϵͣæŲڲ󷨣һֱûй˵ϸɽΧ󷨡
ڳᣬĪҲû޸󷨵˼ˣֱӽ󷨲׼¸һɽ󷨡
ĪӿʼɽĻɽ󷨣ڣ½ױչصĹ֮У½׿ԼǰĹУû˿ı顣
Īһս½ѡ뿪ԭΪɹ硢ֶǵڵ˵һĴ
ص֮նЩѹ֣ȫǰһӵϲá
Ѿ˵ˣʣµķֶ֮ǲӦýˣ½׶Ź˵
Ӧø𣿡һ䡣
ʲô˼½΢΢һüͷ˵
䣬ŪһңҪеõôǾرǾó֮˶Ǵп½ףϴһ˿Ц
˵ģⳡԼսĽҪеĻ½ûаţƽ˵
ԼսĽҪҽȥ¶أ𣿡мʵ
ɽϵǸǣֻһӰΪôһӰһ񾳽ĳϣɢ޴棬㻹ô½ʱҲò
½ô˵ȴ΢һЩȷҵû뵽Ȼǰ˲ɽϵֻһӰ񣬲
½ûټӻֻǰĵȴŹеġ
ǲҵɵ飬ջûаɣԣֶ֮ĺݣһǲܸ㡣п½ûв죬ѺĻ˵˳
˵ɣ㻹Ұʲô½ԣɫȻЩÿȴƽʵ
½׵ı֣лվȲҪżĵȴգд½㣬ˣĺôԶ󡣡
һ˵꣬Ҳû½ףתȥ
ȵ뿪֮󣬹˺һӣ½ײΧһȻԼĴó˵ӡ

ʱ֮徳ڲ֪һԲǰһվ
⼸գƺûгȥæѾ׵𣿡ͬһƷһڣߵĹ˵
ˣһѾ׵԰ȼˡĵ˵ͷ˵
㲻ǶǸ½ͦ͵ô׼΢Щʵ
Ǹ½׵ȷмֳȣܹյ£Ƕһ֮ţϧڻʳ֮ǰͺЩһˣɲ̫ʵȻЩģԼеɣĻԴһ˿ϧ˵
½ԽӴз½׵ȷмֳȣͬҲ½׵Ĳʵкͻʳ硣
˵ͷлѾ˵ˣҲģҲûмʣҲвϲЩٸʵס
ͷٴκһڲ裬ȴеڶ
뿪ɽ֪ȥˡ
仰Ժ̸ֳһЦݲõӰҲ֪˵ġָľǡ
תͷһ۹УڵͷȲ裬ƺղŵǾ仰ֻһˡ
ջĿ⣬ԭҪ˵ʲôֹֻܵͷֺһڲ裬еһʱڵζҲһ˲ÿɬˡ
пһĻüͷ΢΢壬ҲûƷˣеĲ豭ŵϣȻվͷҲص뿪ˡ
ɽʱæµĪɽµĻɽ󣬺ǰɽЧһУͬƣӰرصͨտɽûʲô仯
ֻвԶй۵ˣľ쵽̶̼ʱУɽֻһǿĻɽͬƵ󷨣к֮ǰȻͬ
ɽµĻɽвƵĪӸ֮ǰ󷨣ٲοһЩ󷨣Լоһ
ڵ󣬷ǿˡ
ܻ֮ݣ಻ͬҲԲϵںϣγһǿķ
󷨻߱ŹеЧԲɽˣͬʱҲԻþ֮УǹЧΪһ󷨡
Ƶ󽫹ЧΪһ壬ͷǳν߱ŹЧĲƵֻǱȽϲѡ
ЧͬҲ涼ͻΪһɽǺϸġ
ͨ󷨣ĪӶԼ֮ϵˮƽҲ˸Ϊʶ
Űɣȵ֮ϵܹóʱͬɽڲǹһЧõ󡣡ոµĻɽ󷨣Ī


ڶپʮ ӵı
ǱߣϢ𣿡˻е£Ŀûƿȴڴ
£ǱǰôϢһ񡣡˻͵Ļһ߹
жͣһ£Ȼ΢΢̧ͷһʵһ񣿡
ǣ͵Ļͷɵõ͵øˡ
ǼйעҪŹκε˿Ϳ˿ߣղûʲôֵıʾͳ˵
ǣԣٴδӦһЩֹƺ˵ʲôֲ̫˵
Ϳߵӣ㿪ʵк£
ǣǸڵٴϵʳҪ֮΢һЩ˵
ԣһۣȻͷȥĿ䵽Լеϣͷ˵
ŵ֮󣡡
͵仰͵˼Ҫȵ֮󣬲ŻӦ½׵󣬽ֵķ½ס
÷УĪӿټѧøո͵ϢĬĬĳ˼š
ʱ䣬徳ڲûʲô·ѪҹԴϴʧ֮Ȼ¶巢˹ǹƲǿʱûʲôùעġ
ֵùעǺߵľƣݸ֮ǰȴĲԣһȲǰƽȻոʧٶȱȽҲף΢һЩ仯
ˮߣƺ˺ȲƽԵ©ʼս΢һЩλãˮķߣģѪҹصֶؿġ
һҪȲƽҪԵľѾԴˮԭǳȵĲԣڳһ˫н
Ȳƽôȴǻʱ䳤͸ˮ㹻ķӦʱ䣬лṮѾ䵽еأԳ棬ĪӲе⡣
ҪĪӸеǣհ׾ȻȫûԤϣЩ׶˳֣ȻЩհ׵ǻۡ
ѵںݣѾٲսˣĪͷ
мϢֽĪĿ˺ݵķ򣬵ȵͻƵ꾳磬ԼԸհдţҪԼȥްæĪԸȥݿ
ϧڵʣҪ꾳磬ٻüʱ䣬Ե߶򣬲пǰ֮Ī
ԴĪһκ½Щͷβһս֮󣬵Ѿȥ˴Լʱ䡣
һսȻЩͷβǺӰ컹һЩġ
½׺˵Щ𣬿ɶĪ˵Ǿȵˡ
ǰΪԭ򣬱زûʲôĸֻ֣һڣǿܹõó֡
һս֮Īݱ׵ĸ֣̱Ϊݵ޸һţ˵ݷ꣬ôһţк߳ĪԪɾһµһ֡
ЩĪӲû̫⣬˵ЩֻǽΨһĺô÷һ㡣
Īӵĵ˵ԼʦøˣӵĿľ͸մˡ
ݾڣٵɢĴʱ񶼻ӰתתﲻйСţĪһɢ޳Ĵ֣һ˽֮ܵأ˵ʲôջء
ɢ޶ˣǶ֪ӴĪĸ֣ĪӵĵڣΪɽͳЩɢ޽ӴĶ
һύڱҲǷǳڽʵˣԺܿ죬ʶһȺݾڵɢޣȻ㲻룬ҲһЩԲ֮
Ѷ·ֻǳ֮ܶʱҲвٵĺô
ھͨЩɢޣ֪˺ܶ;˵ϢҲһЩϢǺмֵģȻҲЩɢṩһЩͱ絫һмˣٳɼɢƷĽ
ĪǣһﻹһɢУһģǸɢҲûгԿĪӸҪı꣬ǽԴϲһס
һȥɽ÷۵ͷݱøˣܶ˶ãԺ÷ۣؽΪһСš
ɽ÷γԱȵģݵˡ
Դ½׺Īһս֮ڵӵʿ⵽˲СĴһʱڣڵĴˡ
ԭһҲˣ½һս֮󣬻Ȼһʱˣ¶֮󣬿ʼʱıչء
ģ˿ʼã½Ծ޹⣬ԲԽԽٳڱǰڵĵԽζˡ
Ƚ֮󡣡һ䰲ĹУ½ۣŻʳĻظһ˿ŭ
һ½ѹԼеŭȴͻȻһָǿС
һ֮ǰʼ½ܹĸоһɴͷ֮УƺͷϿգʱ³һƬ׺׵ûȴû˿ķء
½֪Լ֮УʣֱԽԽǿѾԼ̶ܹȵס
ԣ½ײŻǳʳҪֵķţȥֻ֮£ڣ½Ҳûжģܹɹ֡
ʱ䣬½֮һֱڱչأϣܵǿԼʵԼһֶɹֵİա
ֻǴ½ҲԸһ̣½׾;Բ䡣
ǵڣʵǰԽԽǿҵĴͷ֮У½Ҳòеɥ
½֪ȥһ죬û֮ջǻήٵģʵǸʱ򣬾֮۵޵ʱҲԼʱ
뵽½׵¶һЩԳЦݣȻŲŴȥ
ߵǰʱ½Ŀ⻷һȦΧЩԳЦݣˡ
½֪乬ΧԼֻԼֲ˰ˣ׼ȷ˵ҲԼڵȴٴȴͶ
½׼ȥ·һͨɫĴʱͻȻƮһƬҶƮ䵽½׵ǰȻ˵ϡ
½׿öҶȻĿ⿴ԵĴֿϣȻѾûжҶˡ
һŻɣ½׼ǵãԼڵʱӦ֮Уߵļûɣ֮һˡ
ɣľǷǳľһǧң֪ʲôʱֵģڵӣŻɣӦѾ˾ͷӦÿήʱ
½פվþöûŲŲ
˺һ֮½ͻȻ֣ڻɣϣתڵŻɣ֮Уһɻûɢ
ɲ֮䣬ԭѾûʣ¼ƬҶĻɣ·Ǳעһǿɫøӻ죬֦ȼϸСĻһ㣬ӻ֮ѸٵһƬƬҶ
½ջֵʱԭƺѾҪϾĻɣ±
ӣ½׿ŷ·»Ļɣü΢ɲ³֣Ȼת뿪ˡ


 
½Ѿǳһκһμ棬ԼĶԻҪסУͬҲסԼ
νġд½СֻǹеһдʣȻԼúСģʱӦѾԼͻʳϵ֮ҲûչԼ
ʳݣ׼ȴͶˣѾ˺ܾãȴҲûгֹѾ˵ˡ
ȻһֿܣǹѾ˻ʳˣȻڰУȴŻʳ뿪
ҲΪֿܣԻʳˣŻһֱڴڡ
֮ڵһ乬Уһ£ǳͨ˲֮ͻὫԵվ½׵ǰеݹһ򣬶½˵
½ޱĽӹԷе򣬲ûбֳκεļ֮ɫֻʶ˿еݣȻͽ
˻ʱ¸һѡ½ףԸΪ˻ʱЧǻʳԸɹ֣֮ƸΪʳµ˶½˵
仰½ûκαϣͻȻ֮һĨŪЦݣǰĺˣĿ˵
˻ʱº⣬ܲ𣡡
½׵Ļüͷ΢΢һ壬Ŀ½һۣҽ΢΢һΧӰ·˳׵Ӱ֮С
ʳǺǣźʧ½׿߶һ䣬ȻתŹȥ
֮ǰʳ½пܻῼһ£Ͷ뵽ʳ£ΪʳĹڣ½ȴѡ
뿪һ̣½ϵƺȻ֮ˣϵ޷ԶŲǰ߹ÿһʯϣһʯ屻֮Ľӡ
½׵ϣҲһһȼԾĺ⣬ɢһɳȵϢ
½ߵǿŻɣĸǰʱŲ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼ֦ҶïĻɣ½һɣȻȥ
ǰĵӣͻȻоΧ¶ԽԽߣһۣȻһתͷͿ˴½ס
Ӱݼ̶½ʩһ
ԱһڵԣתҲ׼񣬿ʱ½Ѿǵߣ˿ûӣֱ߳ڵĴš
ڵĵ΢һ£Ծĺ½ףо½׵״̬ƺЩԡ
񣬲̫˰ڵĵٴζһۣûüλС˵
½뿪֮󣬾һ·һζɷ硢ֵĵطȥܿ͵ϴζɷ硢ֵĵط
ǰһƬɳ½һУŵĺ⣬ĻĻ棬˰
ողǸ֮мصݣ½˫һӡϵϢһ˲ȫͬʱϵĻ棬Ҳ˲ǡ
½׸оڤڤ֮УԼϵһЩˣԼԪԼһˡ
ֶ֮Ǹ޷ɹֵһҪĴҲС۾ʹߵһԪˣڻĶ٣ʱϵԽãȻԽࡣ
½˫ӡԭʵУ˲ܲһƷɿĻۣȻ󲻶ϵתһڵУɢһļµĲϢ
ԶӿתţǸ·Ļ棬֪һ˸ϽʹֶΣ֪ͨڵĸλϡ
ƲϵתۣűԽԽһɿֲѹ½׵ϣͷ˺ܾõִͷ֮Уʱﵽǿҵĵز
½̧ͷתţе룬նĺڰͷ·֮ſһֲֻۣϢһֻĿֲѹ
ɿֲѹ֮£½ϵĻܵȼգ˿̵һ֪Լߵ˾Ҳ
Щڵȴͱ֮У½׶ڻ֮ȴ˲СĽ
棬ң֣³㣬հн̴档
ֱһ̣½ûзԼڴŶɹԼ֣ɾԪɣƾԼɹϣã½ҲԸٳΪ˭еӡ
ԶڣλڵĳϸոſڣɢſֲϢƣһɫ䡣
Ƕ֪½Ҫ׼ˣ֮еѹδҲֲ̫˰ɣôֲѹǽµֲֵֻ֣ز
λϻһۣڶ̫½׶ֵķ򿿽ˡ
ҲʱתƣƺѾ㹻ֹͣתĵڿ׶Լ߲ʰ쵵Ĺ⡣
һĻͷͬʱȻţһ׳ɫ·һصĳȻս䣬˵ĺɵͣһ¡
֮½ϵĻȻޱȵĿ񱩣һ泤ӭ
յĽ泤ֱӱɢɫƲ½׵ͷ䣬ȴ½׵鵲סˡ
סµĵһ½ײû˿ĸˣޱ⣬ΪһѾ˿ֲˣҪõܿסֻǸոտʼȥԶɲ֡
һ֮䣬½Ҳ˳ͬʱȼյĻ棬ɫҲ˵ɫϵϢøǿˡ
һͷ֮УһɫһĿ񱩣µ˲䣬˵ĸоӿĻɽƴ˺һеĿ񱩸УڵļλϿͷ
ɫ£ɫĻҲӭȥһΣ˴˵
ţеûмһɫһѱĺ棬׹£Χ¶ƺҲһЩ
ԱǰִһЩ½һûԼĹˣջǽŵֵס֮
ĵһɫµ˲䣬·𻹴һ˿޺֪ȴǰļҪֲ
½ϵɫĻѾðˣΪ˿סɫͷ飬ѾƬ˵ϣĹâҲЩ
Զڵĳϣĳ׳˹ȵףƾֵ½ܹƽȹϣǷǳС
еʱҲѾˣһɫһּͷ֮Уһ޼᲻ݵơ
½׿ͷ˫Ȼӡԭĵɫ棬һֿʼѰѰȼգԼ仯һͷ״ɫȫ˴ɫ
½˱ڽɫͷ֮Уڿն𣬺ǵɫײһ
߽Ӵһ˲䣬ΪһţַֿˣԶļڵĳĿ½׻ɵĽɫͷǵɫڵء
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½׾Ȼûжɹ֣Īӵ֪ϢҲеǳľȡ
Īӿ½ѾǶɹ硢ֵĸˣж֮ɹ֣˵ʮþȣҲǳĴ󣬽ȴûɹ֣ĪӾãԼбҪ¿һ¶ɹֵѶˡ
һ꿪겻ã͵õһϢĪжҲЩꡣ
֮Īյ԰ټѧõϢҲǹ½׶ɹʧܵģֻϢݸ꾡һһ½׵ʱʱµһЩ
ټѧõ֪ĪӺ½׵ĶԹϢȽϸ
ӦҲĳλ֣ͨʶ֮̽ºģñȽԶ½׵Ӱֻܿһµ
лҲֿʼҲƬ̹ѣƬ̹֮Уһλ꣬һ֮Ĵڣôˡ
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ЩʶĪӵԺУһʱ֮Ҳ޷õ𰸣ĪӶ̽Ҳûô
һתۣʱֹ˴Լ£һ쵽ʱĪ÷£īڽмͬʱϷֳ⣬÷ϣĶãһ߼īȵͬʱһ߼ǿ÷ĵ̡
ʱڸոջصɽһ·Сܻص÷Уδ
ʦʦӵõһǱߵϢ˼һȤġЩզ˵
ĪеĶûͣרעеīȣֱܵߵʱĪͣеĶϵ
˵ɣǲǱֳʲôˣĪӿʵ
ٺ٣ʦ˼ԨƺһӾͲµˡںٺһЦǶĪӹάһ䣬Ȼż˵
ӸոմӼɢõϢݵڣڷˣеļϷֳɣһԭפأһ뿪ݣ׼طȥҡ
ڵϢĪȴ΢΢һЦ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ʦڷˣ»ţҲΪʵǳСţ˵Ҳάֲ˶ˡڿĪӼ˵
½һھûеڶĸˣŷѣпһ겻ճ׵ʧ
ڴϢĪڲû˿ֻ뷨ڵĶԹϵģ֮ǰ½׵һս֮УѾһʹˣĶԹ½׵Ҳһͬҷˣ׷Щ
ڷѣ֪ͨ£һ뷨ǾãеķѣڵļϣȨջ಻ķѡ
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ڵķѣӦΪ˱ŵĴСϾ½ûµŵĴоͱò̫ȫˣ뿪ݵЩˣܾǼ縺ػڴеΡ
ԭصڵӣǻᾡһĸ֣ܹڣǸʱ뿪ӦȻȻ
ϢĪ֮󣬾ûʲô˼ڿĪûнӻҲоЩû˼ͬû˵ⷽݡ
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ĪӼʼվ÷֮䣬תڵʹĪ̵ķţе÷
徳ڲ֪֮пŸո͵ԼеϢͬû̫⣬ڿһ֮󣬾ͽ䶪һԡ
ϢݣǹڵЩ뿪ݵĵӵģ뿪֮һȥݸ׼Щ֮мˣȴ֮ĵʧˡ
ʧ⼸ˣȻػڴеˣǵټµȻܹ鵽ȴûǸһڵĴУȫûҪ
֮Ժ½סǸСԺո׼Ž룬һ˫֣һͽСԺԺŴˡ
Ŀ΢΢һ˴ԺŵǵӰһŵӰһ㣬ϵϢҲ͹ȷǳĽӽ
кѾǰʿٽܹǰεĺӰȻޣʵǡ
ͼһ˲䣬оǰһһӰˣӦϵǷͼЧ
ǰڵӰϵϢﵽ񾳽磬мǵǸͼϣǻĹȣÿһȵӰܹٻĻȰĴڣϵġͼ͵൱ˡ
߽СԺУп˸ոմӷϣԺеǰû˵ĿͲΧɨһȦоСԺеĻϴʱֶ˼ֲֿɭ֮У˸еЩ
ջԼĿ⣬пǰϣȻ󿪿˵ǱߡʳעĿѾˣ֪ʱǷˣ費Ҫȥһ»ʳע
ԣŹЦҡҡͷȻ󻺻Ŀ˵
²ȥˣҵڻʱ䣬ǰڲѾļЧ͵˼ҲӦע⵽ˣԵȥùˣú׼һ£ǿһˡ
ϻһ䣬¶Цݣ⼸ڴѾõϢͬҲĺϢıõĴ£Ҫˡ
Ҫȥģһ˿Цʵ
ҲʱԺúϢȵһ𣬵ʱ²Żæµʱ䣬²úҲЦŻش
仰ص˵ͷûбʾʲô
еĿ䵽ԺеκӰϣ̾ſ˵ġͼձıû뵽ܹ񾳽ĻһĴڣ
ոռɶѣõ¼ЦˣϿ˵ȴĪЦݣͼŸոռɣڵԶԶ޷⡣


 
ڷѼ֮ûȥעСŵˣΪ½׶ɹ硢ֶ켫һʱ˿õڣΪһٱἰ֡
Ҳȵδһ죬ܹٳһŵĴ֣ڲŻٴλԾһЩ
޳Ī⣬˥ֻһ̵ܶʱѡ
ڼˣĪӿŵīȣ³һȻ˵
ķ˲ٵʱ䣬ĪڰԼеīȣƷĲΣ
ٶѾˣܹһĪеľԪ飬˻͵Ʒڲıڼīȷǳа
еīĪӻվʵ÷ֽĿ䵽һԣڴڡ
ˣټһӣӦþͻ꾳硣ĪЩο뵽
ڵΪھ꾳ѾԶˣȻƽʱ̰һ㣬żҲᷢɧʵǳ棬ȫ͵
ܹôͼ꾳磬ɽõӦԴԼĪӵĽ̵֮⣬ԼŬҲǷֲġ
ܹɲţĪʦеȻеοˡ
ͻȻ䣬Īüͷ΢΢һ£Ŀһ˫һĨ֮ɫ
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ĪӸոոоǵı֮ոһˡ
֮ǳȻҲӹɵģһ㳤ı֮ʶӡǣڻ֮ﱻ֮ʱ߾ܸоΣ֮еµķλ
һЩΪرߣ߾ֶ߱εĸ֣ڻ֮УһԼķֶ֮ΣΣա
ĪΪûдﵽ̶ֳȣҲֶⷽΣֻʶӡǣܹӦǴµķλ
ǸλӦڲݣĪüͷ뵽
Ѿһʱˣ֮ĪҲ֪ȥڷ֣ǾȻѾ˲ݣΣˡ
ͷһתĪӾǰȥ֮ǰĪӶķԸǾܵͨ˵ǵӣһĪӵķԸһ˿İĪӵķԸȥִС
ϵı֮ﱻˣǾʹͻΣգĪӾǰȥ
תĪִһ⣬ڻѣ˵ʦΣˣΪʦҪغ÷ۣ˵鷳ȥй
ףʦϿȥɣĪӵĻ̵ͷ˵
ĪóһöݸڣҲûʲôα˲仯һ⣬Ųݷȥ
ݣһƬɽ֮УһСɽʣˮȽǳĵطոܹûһ˵ĽףһĵطҲܴﵽһ˵Ĵȴ
˭Ҳ뵽һǳǳС֮УȴһˣƾΧʶϵɨҲ޷ˮ˵Ӱ
С֮еˣȻˣܹһǳǳС֮У˷֣ĪӴڸˮж
ˮжûбΧʶ֣˳ˮɽȥ
ǵٶȲ죬Ϊй¶Ϣͺпܻᱻ˲Ȼٴ뵽ΣС
䣡
˳ˮǰǣһ޴ĺͬʱһصľҲΧһɽ壬ǿкƽˡ
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ӰڿУϵʶɨΧѰǵӰͬʱҲһЩֶΡ
⼸˵ΪǴ磬ֻϵϢ΢Щ鸡ƺͨͻƴģͨĴҪһЩ
һ㣬⼸ҲʵʵĴ֣񾳽绹бġ
һ˫ֲΪָָ˫֮ǰóʩչָͨͬ˫֮˫۱ų˽⣬Ȼһ֮С
Ȼǽ˼£ȻƳ³£Լʹı仯
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˵ĿѵСӵʱ˺һת䴦ɽı󣬶˶Էߡ
ԼȻҲһͬ΢΢ҡҡͷʾûҵǵӰ
ûеɿԱߵһʿȴֶˣֻǰ۳һɫĹȻѸٵĻһһ㵭ĹĻΧɽֲϵɢ
ˮлǰеǣоһɱԼ߻ͷһֲ̫õԤС
һ̣һͻȻǰǰһɽնأµɽ壬õСǰȥ·ϣǰˮضϡ
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ڱǰһ̣Ѿ֪Լ¶ˣϣ̴СһԼСͨͬʱӴóһöµĻ֮λһ⣬Զȥ
Ӷݵ˲䣬һն䵽ϣȴһɫĹâסˡ
ûκͣ٣ᣬѸԶȥ
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һ֣Ǽ˵һϢ
һûǣ˸׼ǰȥ׷ȻУ¡һ죬һɫ׵н䣬Ŀֱָеһˡ
⧲֮£Ϊ׵ĿλʿֱӲ׵磬屻ڵأ֮·ȴЩǱ
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ʣµļʿһۣû뵽ղߵʿȻֶΣɵøеӾˡ
ٴһ¸ղűͬ飬ȻһЩˣƲ֮󣬼Ҳ
ӣղ˵׷ҲûпֲӦԲ˵ĳ̶ȣǾ͸Ҽ׷ȥ
ˣȻȥɣ﷢鱨£õ¶ᣬǼȥ׷ˣʿ֮һ˶Ÿղűλ˵ȻʣˣɿǸղ뿪ķ׷ȥ
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˿̣û뿪ݾڵĪӣٴθоϵĻ֮ﱻˣʶڵĴܷǳΣٶȲɵּӿ˼֡
ĪڷǳңǳȥʱǺü֮ϻм
ĪֻϣԼٶܹٿһЩб֮ǰԼܹʱĸϵݣǡ


 
徳ڲ֪֮п첽߽ϵСԺԺеϣ̿˵Ǳ߳һС⣬߷˲ݵĲá
ԣϲκεĳݣһĨЦݣŹ˵޷ʱ򣬱Ҳûʲô༸ʱ䣬ʳҲҪ֪ˣ赣ġ
ϵЦݣҲĵͷͬҲ֪һ㣬ʱ򣬹вûдݵ£ֻʱ̱սʱȴ
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ԣûټʣǻһתŹ˵Ӧȥһ̫һˣ
ϵ仰оâһϵͷ
ģ̫һǱߣ֮ǰѾϵˣֻȥһˣһʧһܹõ̫һڵ֧֣зǳŵ˵
̫һں͵ڶʳ֮ĹϵѾڵڶʳͳУޱȵĽܣڵڶʳ֮ݹϵûжϾΪ̫һ֮Укüλյˡ
ٴεͷҲ̫һں͵ڶʳ֮Ĺϵ˿ɹ˵Ļ
̫һǱ˳Ļʱ䣬ȥݷһ³֮⣬ʣšϼ˵
⣬֪ˣһ΢΢һ£ŵͷӦ
ݣʩչľԼΣɽ֮УܵԼϢ
Ȼ֮䣬һɫĹĻǵߣɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻѸٵڿն𣬲ٹ˼ľЧ
ǸոֳΣһİɫʹ̵ǰû˿ܵĻᡣ
ǧһ֮ʣǰһƣ׹֮ǰ

һĽ֮Ƶס˰׹⣬Կ׹֮У¶һѳ
һ̣ѳ֮ϣ¸˰׹⣬ɢһȦĽڽ洦ƣ֮£˲䱻г롣
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ԶļӰһĻ΢һϲ׷ôã˵ֵʿˡ
Ӧûб֮ˣ۵ǰѽ˶Լͬ˵
֮ǰ׷ǰˣѾһ˶Էļ֮һΣԷûóһ֮ûˡ
նۣûܵ˿Ӱ죬ٶȷɿ˳ķΧٴʩչСͨ˲Χ֮ڣȫϸꡣ
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һ裬׷ǼҲܿ췢˲ԣرǵǿֻնֱ֮󣬼˶Щջ
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˶һۣ˶Է룬ٴ׷ȥʱ򣬶׼Լֶˡ
ǿǰ΢һ¾룬ӦѾҪ벢ݾˣǰǰϷһ򽭵֧ƾˮжǾܹӳĻˡ
ڼܣǸоһ֪Լٴαˣǹʼʩλһ⣬ƴȫǰȥ
һ»Щˣһ׹ٴαɫĹ֣˱С
У׷ǵҲЩˣԭΪѾûб֮ˣղŲŻðսһû뵽ǵϾȻб֮
ƹƣѾ׼ºֵļλʿԲǼˡ
Сͨս
һʿɢһɺڹ⣬ͻȻһߣֱĲǰǣϻûɢɫ֣Ҳ˿û赲ߡ
߲ǵϣͺһ㣬û˿ĸоû˿Уڤڤ֮еһָоǣѾܲˡ
ǸԭϸĺߣǺʿ֮䣬Ѹٵıô׳ȻܿģȻһƬɫĿռ䣬ǺʿУʣļʿȴɫռųˡ
˶һ̷ۣɢںɫռΧóԵķȴš
ʿСͨǿеĶһֽеսֻҪ߲סԷͻһƬĿռ֮ннսֱֳʤһΪֹ
ȻΪֻ񾳽磬׷ǵĹУ¶ֶΣر׷⼸΢ЩˮĴʿЩɵǵⳡսʤĲһͬ飬ԸɴһԵȴܽΣǶܿٵķӦ
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׼ʱһâٶȷɿն£ҪӦΧɫĹâ֮£Ϸ·𱻴ǧж÷ǳѣֻĿŽԼǰϵķŴ
ǵϣڻһö֮ҲڻΪһɥİ취һ֮һǸоԼû취ˡ
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һʿҪٻԼķɽͻȻȴЩԣǰѷɽȻЩʹˡ
ûеô£һĶ죬ԼķɽȻһɾ۶ˡ
٣ʿɫ̱òҰףܵһЩӰ죬ûеӰȫֳͷ֮ϣһīɫĹâȻ¡
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ͻı仯ʣ¼ʿûüӦһֱһˣʣµҲͬʱ⵽ת˲ȫء
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׷ɱʱҲ᲻ԼΨһ뵽ˣȻֻʦĪӡ
ĪԶݣ޳ĪܹȵֻԼ취Լһ·ſһĵطӴܡ
û뵽ԼΣյʱԼʦĪӻǳˣֱ֮ƣ⼸һֱ׷ʿ
Īӿǰǣ΢ЩǱһЩˣƲأֻķǳĴ󣬵Ѿ޷άǷαװ˵ģˣָò
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ĪתƸһɫĹâһץ΢ЩõӰĪץУ⼸ʿ
⼸⼸ʿһʼĪӹǸʿѾͬ壬Īӵīȫһ״ˡ
űԼץе⼸ĪһĨ֮ɫ⼸ǿȣƺЩ̫ˡ
ղĪӳֵʱ΢һЩ͵ϮɣĪȫϣҲ׼ʱ֮䣬ͽ⼸ʿȫʰˡ
ڿǿȣĪӸоԼԸǣƻʱҲ̫ࡣ
ӦǽͻƵʿǿȣ񾳽ʿǿĲ̫ࡣĪ
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ɽ֮ĵһվݣ֮ͣһʱ䣬Ȼȥĵط
֮УһֱĪӵķԸԼһͨˣͨ˵ķʽǵϲŭ֡
ΪøһЩǻͨһʼΪƶæµһЩͨ˵ĻΪһط̫ͣãֻǳֹ
ֱ֮󣬾ͿʼЩ̣ѧһһ⣬УǽӴ˸ˣҲ˸Ĵ
һֱǰһʱݣ̵ķʽԼĻȥЩȽƫƧһĵط
֮Իᱻ׷ɱΪ֮ǰȥһǳƫƧɽʱⷢСɽ徹ȻЩŹ֣֮΢̽һ£ⷢСɽоȻһ֧ӣǸϢ׹ҲⱻѪɷˡ
֮ǾͱͻȻֵĴʿ׷ɱ⼸ʿǽͻƣʵǴ֮е׵һĪӸı֮һֱֵĪӵ
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ǵĽĪ̾ˣӦҵ˵ڶʳһ֮ȻŻᱻ׷ɱ
ݣƺ֮ǰ֮أ뵽ڶʳĲĪӾ뵽˹УȻֻݣƺǹ֮ǰ֮ء
뵽ĪѯһǸɽλãȻӴȡԼĵӡͨʳ֮ϢݸĪӡ
߰ɣȥһطΪʦҪһ׷ɱ⼸ʿ񡣡Ϣݸʳ֮ĪӶѾָ˵
Ǻ͹֮ĶԹһⲻĽᣬкĪ֮䣬ͬҲûʲô͵Ŀռ䣬Ϊǵʦ÷ĵӣĪӺվڹжϵģлҵ鷳Ī൱ġ
Īڷǳڴ͹ٽһΣһԼǶԷĶ֣ٴν֣ĪӺ֪ô
һĵطһߣʼָĵĪǰԪ«֮еǼʿųʡ
Ԫ«֮иշųһ񣬶Է̿Īġ
֪˵ȥڤֻءĪӿƽʵ
ѣ˵ʲôǸʿЩΡΡ˵
֪ȫĪӼŵĮ˵
ѷŹҰɣҵȶ˽ģ˵ͻɢڸߵѣʵѾ޼ˣѾɹ⼸£ҪֹҲѾˣʿ˵˸оȻмֿ
Īԣ°ѶԷץ΢̽һͷڶԷ֮УȷŽ
ֶΣֹϢй˵ڶʳĲıһжʿ˼Ѿɹˣտܾͻᷢ
Īץʿнð⣬ʿ֮ϡ
ӻһĪӺܾöûùˣʵЩ֣ûмлġ
ĪʹõӻеͬԪ«֮ȫϴ˼䣬Ȼõӡڤ֮С
⼸֮еĽĪӾ֪ԼʲʲôмֵĶԽǾ촦ȥڤȴֻء
ڶʳıʲô¡ȥڤĪеɻȴûн⿪ɻģȴֻĪһˡ
ʳ֮У˻鰸棬üͷ΢΢¶˼֮ɫ
ĪӸո֮ͨݸʳϢѾˣĪܾɢޣӡ󻹲֮ǰһʱ䣬Ҳ˹ĪӵһЩԾͶĪӴݵϢһЩ
ĪӵϢټ뿪󣬲鵽йڵڶʳĶѾԤеϾҪд·
ʵһʼ;͸оһЩԣеļγ֣˽˽Թ½ӦǷ½׺ͻʳ֮ϵԹųһЩԼעϢһջû½ס
뵽½ף͵üͷĸˣԭ˽½˵磬Ͷ·ʱ򣬶ָһ·ͶԼµĿԼǾųɾŵģƫƫȴôһ˿Ĳ
ЩףһͦˣôͻȻȴˣ
˼»صڶʳЩϣѾ֮ͨ̽һ²ǸСɽ̽鵽Ľȴûзʲô״
֮ͨݲ֮ǰ£ͿǱ׷ɱЩ棬Īһ·ݸݵĻ棬˵ĪӴݵϢȫʵġ
ܹ֮ùĵڶʳȻֶΡͻվߵ˷Ķ棬ڷŵ֮ǰ
ͬʱڰ׶ɫӣϣÿһöӶ⣬׼ȷ䵽λá
գ֮䣬Ϻڰ׽γ˺ڰ׶ӵļҽ֮ơ
Ͷ̣Ŀɨһ۷ǽϵĻ˵˫ƺҲע
ٴһöӣ뽫ö£ȴЩ岻֪һӵ׸䵽δ
ͻȻ䣬ͺ뵽ʲôöӷŵ֮⣬ȻЦһ߻ص鰸


 ݾ
ָǰԶĵطߵĪ˵Ǵλã֮ǰȥǸСɽ塣
˳ָĵطĪӿǰɽ䣬ֵһСɽ壬λÿȥǸСɽƺֻмʮ˼ңΧһЩء
ڿҪԷʱˣǼʮ˼ңжð̣ȫһ̵ͣСɽ塣
Сɽ壬λã뵽˴ľӡ
ʵϣøĻĪ˫ϸǰ棬˺һ֮󣬲ڷһ˿ߣ̾һ䡣
ԶǸСɽ壬ܱ˿ӣ˵ĸоȫʵģ֪ǵĪ´Ӵ˴߹ҲĲԡ
Ѿ֪è֮ĪϸĴڷǰСɽľǼΪĻ
Īڵ伮֮пó֮ĸ֣׷߾ǻΪʵʵΪ飬ܹʵѾڻ֮˺衣
ΪСͨЧĪҲԻһЩԣֻǲãȫΪھСͨǱ
Сɽ⣬ĪѾͨʳ֮ϢݸʳˣںĪ뿴ڶʳʲô
ߵ˵Ҳ⼸ʱ䣬ĪӿԵ⼸ʱ䣬￴֣лĻĪҲֻһϢ
ĪӺ˵϶ӳľôԶľ룬ӦҲᱻԷ֣ĪֻҪȴ͹ˡ
ȴʱ䲢ʱܿ͹ȥˣ֮УĪӿǸСɽ壬кɽϷԼ洫һЩߺȫһСɽ塣
ҹĻܿ콵ˣСɽ˵ƹ⣬ںҹ֮ûãƹ½ϨƺСɽеˣ֮ˡ
һУĪӸӸ̾Ĳߵ˼侫ɡ
СɽеĵƹⶼϨ֮󣬹˴ԼʱңĪӺȻһЩˣԼڵɽ£ڿٵɽ١
ĪӺǻһۣȻ˶˰Ŀȴ˵ķ
ûʲôŲʮӰĵĳǺĪӵ࣬Լ佫ǺĪӰΧУע⵽ЩϵǹѪɷǵΪĪӶԷǲǷԼǣԲŽΧˡ
ѾϨˣһȥ̽һ̽סСΪϣֲȱȫһȺΧм䣬ĪһͷˣѹɤԵ˵
ǣԵԣҲͬѹɤ˵̴֮߰˸ж
Īӿ⼸ͬʱ˶ϵĺ£ͻȻһɫ磬ЩֽĽһ£ȻһӰȫĹ뵽֮УϵϢǵΣȻȫʧˡ
칤ѧɵĳ£Щǲݾĳ򣡡ĪӿʧЩˣڻȷǵݣЩӦǲݾר̽Сɽġ
ҲζţԼݸʳϢʳӦѾˣѾ˷Ӧɳ˳ǰ̽顣
ĪԼܹ֮оǼʧĳѾٵ뿪ɽǰСɽ壬ǽСɽ֮ĪӾҲоǵˡ
ܿ죬ǰʱҵʱȥˣĪߵ⼸ʮһֱڰĵȴͬĹ
ʱĪӿ˶СɽУɳһӰоǱ˶ģţǼӰǸСɽж˳
⼸ӰȫǸղȥǸСɽ̽ĳǱӳͬʱϾѾûϢˡ
Īߵĳʱ΢΢һ£ûпӳ˵ӣҲҪȥ²⣬뱻ļӰǸղǱСɽеͬ顣
Էȫε˼ûУǳٸǣСɽ⡣
ˣ
ͷһѹΧĳ˵
ȻΧЩȫʼɽ³ˣҷǱ˴˷ɢģûͬһ뿪
Ⱥ˵ķǳϣûȥͬʬ壬ΪȺͷ޷ȷԷͬʬ嶪ǶԷεſǷа˼ѡϵĳˡ
ͬʬ壬ȵһȻл
ͷβЩûзĪӺˣһУȴ䵽ĪӺǵС
ϣú֡Ī˵
΢΢˵ͷ֪Īӵ˼Щȥǲ֮󣬲ݵĴͻڶʳĲҲûֹ˼Ϊ費ֹĽһġ
ʱţĪӺǼĵȴһֱʱĪӸоһڲϿѪɷ֪ݵĻʳѾˡ
Լһʱ֮ĪĿԿĵطһƬѪɫѪɷε߶
о֮ĪӿѪɷİУľӽ̤һƬϼֱڿ߶вһĨɫ
֧ݾͳ˧ܳƲϱңƾһо֮;Բ֮
ԭȺɽ֮УҪͣεĴ󣬿ɶԷоεƣȫᡣ
Īߵǣˣݾ٣ǹŨѪɷԳƵǾ֮ʦվԻᱻ
ĪӴǺ˵ȫλã֧ݾҲܿ͵Сɽ֮ǰӴľӣȫվһƬϼ֮ϣ·٣ƽƽСɽ塣
֧ӵǰ佫Ĵӵ֮УĪӿֻݾͳ˧ò
ͨͨòһִ֮УУֳֳǹĪӶλͳ˧ĵһӡ󣬾ǺԨǳƵͽ
ݾͳ˧Ŀ⿴·Сɽ壬ǰһ佫ͷʾһ£Ȼ佫ǰһɢŨѪɷһڱһ
ɱ
һѾս֮Χɽ𵴣ɽ֮Ұɥ
佫һսȴֻһӶѣЩʿһ
ɱ
һսȻһ˿ɱȣһս·СɽڵɽֱըΧļɽ壬ɽͷҲȻ֮䵹ضΪ֮
Ѿ˵ԶĪӺǣûܵʲôӰ죬Ѿ˵ĹԶˣҲսĿ꣬һЩɢ𵴣Ī˵Ϊǡ
ĪڵĿĶѾըɽ壬һսСɽĻѾױƳˣɽеڶʳĲҲ¶ǵӰ
һ͸СռĪӵǰƬռ֮УԿһ֧֮ݾѷɫѾľӣĴƬռ߳


 
ݾͳ˧ŴƬռ֮߳ľӣûκεı飬һֻȴ߸ߵľˣ֧ӻûȫӿռ֮߳ʱ򣬱ͻȻ´˹

һĲݾɢѪɷɱ˲øŨˣΧߵļ佫Ҳͬһʱ̲ΧѪɷϿ˼ս졣
ɱ佫һȣеıУչ˼ԲεѪУЩӿռ֮гľɱȥ
ûеȶԷڿͣȷΪʱЩ̤ռеľ⧲֮£̾ͳ
޳棡ڶʳľУҲм佫ǿ߿ٷӦ߾ȫֵݾĹ
ݾͳ˧ʱҲչԼս죬һϣһдһܡ֣һһ֡
ս֮յͳ˧ϱһɱ⣬ŲȻǰ̤гǹǰ̳һ˸Ѫ⣬ֱڶʳ֮еһ佫
һǹԷǰ佫ܣһʱֿ֮ŭ־Ѿٽȴܣŭǰݾͳ˧һλ˧ǿߣȴû˿ͳ˧ķȣڼûаڿ֮ǰȹԼһ佫ý͵Ϯķ֡
ɲεĿֻźͷŭҲֻܿŲݾͳ˧ǹԼš
˲ŰԶĪӿѾʼսϵı˿䣬ȴɵЩ̾
ǰݾͳ˧Ī֮󣬼ûͳ˧ȵһͳ˧ͬҲΪû˿˼ɵһͳ˧
ڵڶʳľӻûȫƬռ֮г֮ǰȷ˹ռȻ֮ϧԼԶ֣նɱ˶Էһ佫ȫСĴۣõս
ŲݾͷڶԷս죬һ֣Īǰһ伸˶Ļ֮Ҳ
ݾͳ˧սʼʱյķǳãڶʳĴӦҲͬһӳ˴֧֮ӵͳ˧Ҳ̳֣˲ݾͳ˧֮ǰͬʱʩչĳֱ֮һӽеľȫپۼѸٵſͣס˾ơ
һײĪӿ˧֮ǿߣ˴չĽ棬ǸǱÿһײΧĿȫǽγһɿ磬˷ɢ
սңδڣ
սĪ⣡
ͳ˧˴˽ͬʱȫ˸Եսڸ۵ս죬ųҫ۵ĺ⣬˸Աϣ֧Ӹ˵ĸо̾ͷһЩ仯
ĪӿݾĺѸٵĿʼڼ佫Ĵ£ֳ˺üͣ˵ڶʳ͵ıȻѸٺˣּ任̶ͣʱ֮Уͱ仯Ī⣬õڶʳߵľӴ÷ǳ
˲պһλңŴķǳֵսĪжλݾͳ˧ָһ㡣
Էʵͳ֮ĪӸеǰһ㽫˷ŵı߹ǰߣҲ䷢ӵĿռ䡣
һעսĪͬʱҲڷעǸ͸Ŀռ䣬Īע⵽Ƭ͸ĿռڣƺӰֻЩӰϲżУӦòǾӡ
ڣƬ֮󣬵ڶʳһͳ˧һֱ·磬ʹ˱Ҿ֮
һҫ۵ѪɢߵĵڶʳĽʿѪУڶʳӵͳ˧Ѹٵİθߣգۼͻ˰׸ߵľˡ
ˣ
ڶʳӵͳ˧ʩչ˾ݾߵͳ˧ȴûˣ̲ѪɷеľѸٵĺ󳷣գۼ˳ǧ֮⡣
޵棬£Է󳷣Ѿʩչĵڶʳͳ˧Ը⣬бл裬һ׳ѪնͬʱתһСɽŲݾķȥ
ɱ
һսŲݾСɽжԷӳѪУȫһսб߽ˡ
ۼڶʳλͳ˧ٵıƽݾߵͳ˧ʱٴδµĽʿʼˣȫͶԷս
ۼݾٴκˣڶʳλͳ˧Ҳͣ˽Ųڵ޵棬ԸսǱ뿪ɣ
ԷĻݾͳ˧һԲֻǵȵԷ׼˻ȥʱ򣬷һս
ҪԷĪӺڶ˲ݾͳ˧⣬ǹͶԷţڶԷž֮һʱ䣬ʤƽȫбˡ
ڶʳͳ˧Ҳ޴֮Ҳ˲ݾͳ˧⣬Ͻ˾֮֮һ̣ݾͳ˧̶
У壡
ΧڲݾΧѪɷһ̻һ⣬ȫĲݾȻ·һҵļʸɿŵڶʳľӳ˵ڶʳӪ֮С
һ£ڶʳӵͼˣڲݾĿ֮£˶ݵĻҡ
һ˲䣬ݾ߾ȡѹƣһսôȥڶʳľӱذɡ
ɾʱĪӷ֣Ƭ͸Ŀռзɳ˼ӰȫߣϵϢȻ鸡Դﵽ˴磬֮ǰĪӽǼʿࡣ
⼸һ֣˳ѪɷķΧȻͬʱʩ̧ԱߵһСɽŲݾȥ
ȻѪɷ£Ҫʹ÷ǳѣתҲܵ˸ţһɽ׹ȥҲʩչ
⼸ߣԾǿڶʳľĿǰ·磬ԸϽܳæˡ
ĪӿһĻ˫΢΢һУתͷһߵǣѾ룬ҪҪֻһϢ
ĪӵĽŲṳ֮̂ϣɫķ֮ͻȻ˳ιӵս֮ڷ֮УĿֱָǼߡ
Īͣ˽ŲȻսѾˣǾͲҪԼˡ
ɾһ̣Ƭ͸ĿռУһ⴩͸˿ռ䣬ֱеķ֮
֮ӦĪӾȵķ֣⾹ȻҲǷ֮
䵽Уֱ˷֮ԭµսꪣʱȴûˡ
ʳ񶼣ʹڣɫͻȻһ䣬һ̣ʳķ֮Уһǰķ֣֮Լڷ֮Ĳٿʱܵ˸š
ǰķ֮ǿ£ͺܹܿ˳Щ֮»ָԷ֮ƿأҲ÷֮ٻָһЩ
ͷǳЩǰԲǺԼһɷ֮һĺ֣ܿܽԼҪʱʧȥԻʳ֮ƿˡ
ʳķ֮ʱ⣬֮ľһϵе⣬ʳתҲܵӰģʱ򣬾Щǰٴµʱ
徳ڲ֪֮ϵСԺУһöӣ䰴ϣϴЦݣ˵¿ʼһȣ


 ֺô
Īӿǵֱʵķ֮һЩ²⣬ȴЩ޷ȷеĲ²棬һεڶʳ£ֳĶ̫ˡ
ɵڶʳдķ֮з֮ڣսʧ֮ȴû÷֮ʧɫķ֮Ȼ֮С
ڷ֮·ݾλͳ˧ȫûΪ֮ı仯ܵӰ죬ŵڶʳľӷ
ֻĪҲע⵽ˣԷȻ͹ȴٴη仯ƹ಻ʵڱߴˣҪս
ڶʳĲУеڶʳĴмλʿЩʿԶ̷ڲݾҲкܴвϵڶʳƺֶζԸʳķֻ֪֮ʲô֣Ʋ֮ǰݾλͳ˧׼󳷣ʵǵѡ
ݾ׼󳷣ڶʳλͳ˧Ҳ˶ߣ̶ԶǼʿȺҪˣ뼸λǣ
·𣬿ɴӽսһʼڶʳ߾ͱѹŴò׿˾תϣ֧ݾѡ
ڵڶʳͳ˧仰ͬʱǸ͸Ŀռ֮Уٴһ⣬ֱ֮еķ֮⣬һ֮
ĪһӴ֮óԼĵӡҪ֪ʳķ֮Ƿʲô⣬ͨԼĵӡӦܹһ
һóӡĪ̸оӡܽõĻʳ֮Ѿ÷ǳ΢ˡ
Ƿ֮ˣǷ֮͵ӡ֮ϵͻȻ֮ˣԺѵ÷֮
ҲʱĪеĵӡͻȻ˸˽⣬֮һϢݶ
ĪһĨ⣬ʱͨʳ֮ϵԼڻʳ֮Գ⣬£ɶûʳ֮ϵԼģֻһ̶ϣʹʳ֮˻ˡ
ĪʶϢ̿һ棬ӽǷǳĸߣͷ·ھ֮ϣŴظӡ
ڻУʮطӶһ⣬ֱʣͲһЩȫǷ֮
һѶϢһһ˹ûгĪӵԤϣ˻Ԩ
Īӣ˻ʳͺǰ˼һ棬ϣǰƾ֮ˣʳʤ˶¾͸ı꣬伮ҩĵرѡ㹦㹻󣬹ʦᰲ֮ڣλƷ
ͬʱԺ֮еϢĪϵı黹ƽȴ̾һ
˻ʼסȻһ£
Īȫû뵽ڻʳȳؼʱ̣;ȻԼѶһֽ׵ķʽίΣҸԼԾܾıꡣ
ȽɭϣҪԼλһ£һǳḶ́ͳŵ÷֮ڣƷλһ㣬ȷĪӸеǳġ
Դ÷Ϊ飬ĪΪҲԽԽ֮ĪһֱϣԼΪʦʲôȴһֱûᣬһΣܹ÷ڰ֮ڳɾƷλĪӾãԼӵģҲССΪʦһ¡
ԼķľԪ飬Լһκ͹н֮ʱսꪼʱ٣£ĪҲ΢Ƿһ͵飬ټεı꣬ԼĵǣĪҲûʲôԥġ
еĵӡĪӿһԵǣȻϵľ
ڴ˵ȺΪʦȥյϢߵ˵һ䣬īȳĪӵУĪ˳ȥҲͬʱһڿն
ݾ͵ڶʳӵĽսΪ⼸ʿһԸţʹòݾһʱ֮սһҪӦǼʿĹһʱתݾ·һ
龰ݾλͳ˧ҲЩżˣȥܹݾҲʧء
ҪתƣܹǼʿݾͳ˧Ѿ룬ǷҪ׳ʿ֮٣ԽСʧȫʿȫ롣
ڴʱݾͳ˧ȴͻȻһɫĹâһ£ĿֱָǼʿ
Ǽʿ֮еһ˸ֱӱɫĹâУ˲䱻ķ飬Ҳͬʱˡ
ţһ£ĿͬһʿһΣʿ֮ǰȴһѪɷ۳ɵĶƵסˡ
ᣬǼʿ̷ӦһʩչֶΣһзһ
һȴһɢţĪӵӰǰ
һץī»һɫĹâɻصĪӵУղűѪɷסľԪ飬ҲɻصĪӵߣĪӵͷ˵
ĪӵͻȻԭڽս˫ɵöͣһ£رǵڶʳͳ˧ĪӵĿдŨŨļɵղŵֵĪһѾ֪Īӵʵǳǿ
ݾͳ˧еĪӣϸһȻͻȻڶĪӺɷ񵲵ס⼸ʿ
ݾͳ˧ĻĪī΢΢̧Ȼתͷ¶һŵ΢Цûлش
ĪϵЦݣݾͳ˧оеˣгǹһᣬΧѪɷԥٴη˹
ɱ
һս֮ݾٴͳ˧Ĵ£ɱ˵ڶʳĴ֮УûǼʿĸţ潻֮£Ľ֧ڶʳĴ
ֻٴɱһĪīٴ׳һɫĹâֱӹеһʿ
⼸ʿ˿ҲĪӵĹĪӳ֣һҲĪӵϸоӴѹҲȫ˽أóԼѹ׵ֶΡ
Ǽʿ²ӵˮر󣬵Ҳмֶεģرǵ˷㹻֮
Ī׳ȥīȣڼһʿ֮ǰ֪һСͨīڿȻһתۣȻĪӵɶأǹϮƣһ˲Ī޷ƿأֻԼԼһ
һĪ˵ûʲô⣬⼸ʿֶΣĪȴ΢ϲһ£ˮȻܴ󣬵Сͨ
īȷɵĪӵǰ˲֮ȵıĪץУͬʱĪӡΧѸٻ۳ƬˮһϸܵˮߣǼʿȥ
ĪһιʿֶαȽһ̱ķͱϸܵˮ߽ʵ÷顣
Χʿд󾪣һͬ飬˵Īӹ䲻ܶʵǿ˶ڣƴһѣԹ֮У˿һͬ飬˵˴˼ʵĲʵ̫Щ˾Ϳֲġ
£ʿУҪܣһͻȻ䷢ΧһӰһƬǳľУţһɫĹâէ֣ʿͬʱīȴɱ
ǰʣʿһԭأ󺰳ߵͬ飬ͬķ롣
˵ĽŲնǵϿձһŴɫεı飬ʿ֡
Уʿͬʱԭأľʡ


 ͬ
̶֮䣬Ǽλʿһȫûз˼վĵ֮⣬ʣµĶĪӸɴʰˡ
ĪӰٴγĵĴʿǰֶһ⣬ԭأȻһղűļʿǵĴ﷨ͶĪӵ
ɵ֮һҪսƷϰĪѪҹɵģ뿪Ѫҹ֮ϰĪҲֵĺܺá
սƷ֮Īߵսǳ׽ˣת˻ڽսĲݾ͵ڶʳ
Īսٶ֮죬ݾͳ˧͵ڶʳͳ˧Ȼûϵ
ĪӵĿٴ䵽սϵʱ򣬵ڶʳͳ˧һɾ޴ѹݾߣȴʿǡ
õڶʳͳ˧΢һǣĪڿһս֮󣬲ûгֹǺܿĿƵһߣƬ͸Сռ䡣
վڽĪӿĿƬ͸Ŀռ֮лвٵˣһЩˣҲ͸Ƭ͸Сռ俴Լڽս֧ӡ
Īһ䣬ΧһˮƬ͸Ŀռ̽ȥˮڼƬ͸ĿռӴʱĪȻûиоǰκʵ֮Уֱ߽ӴĪӲ΢΢оһ
̽ˮ΢һЩо䵽һԣƬռı棬ƺȫ
ΣĪвϲһƬռ䣬ֶβһʿܹġ
ܹһƬռʿҸʹõֶҲǲͬģ򵥵ĵȻϰռ֮ʿͬǿٳĿռҲΪơ
ĪһƬСռ䣬Īӻѡʹ󷨣һƬ󷨿ռ䣬ﵽĿġ
ǰƬСռ䣬ߵֶ൱ҲûдﵽΧռȫϵĳ̶ȣĪӸղ̽һ£ȫԱƿƬСռ䡣
Īеīȱ͵׳һɫĹâƬ͸Сռ䡣
飡
һҵײƬ͸СռʱһˮռڵҲһԿһЩӰæӴܡ
ˮϢ»ָƽ͸ռ䲢ûбĪһƿʱƬСռڵһ
ң
Ƭ͸ռڵ΢һںͲݾսĵڶʳͳ˧һȴд󼱣Ѿ˲ںսĶ֣ĪӺ
һûĪתͷȥΪֵĲݾͳ˧еĳǹ㻯磬ķһ칥΢Щĵĵڶʳͳ˧˼˺ۡ
Īתͷ˶Էһۣڲݾͳ˧ѹ£ѾתͷǱ߰͸Ŀռ䣬ٴη˹
飡
ͬǻӳīȣֻһīȵȻһδ࣬Ƭ͸Ŀռϣַһ죬ȻУƬ͸Ŀռ䣬ƣȻѸٵ顣
ռһ˲䣬˳Īӵǰ֮һֵͬģдƬķݽԼһȫɢ䵽Χ
ЩСռֵˣĪüͷɵ΢΢һ£ЩˣɺĪĲһǣдȻûͨˡ
ĪӽĿȺеЩߣЩʿˣЩ˵ΪߣֻһʿߣĪӵӡ
ɻûĪʲôжںͲݾͳ˧ֵĵڶʳͳ˧ƴٴӲݾͳ˧һǹٵһתĪӹ
ŨѪɷ۳һѾ޴󳤵ŵڶʳͳ˧еĶѾ޴ĳҲٵĪն䡣
һƼǿϾ޴󳤵֮ʱΧ˲ѪɷĪ΢΢ܵһЩѹơ
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ѪɷѹƣĪѾȽϤˣ֮ǰѪҹصʱ򣬼ʱѪɷĻУʱЯսƣҲû̫ܵӰ졣
ĪӵϵȻûսƵĴڣѪɷųУȻҲӰ쵽Īӡ
ɲ֪ΪΪˣǻָԵʣĪڸоѪɷӰ죬ƺûǰôǿˡ
ҲΪˣĪӲѡվԭأ׼ڶʳͳ˧
վԭһĪӣڶʳͳ˧һϲоĪЩڿˡ
ǰߵʵǿѪɷ֮Уһ޿ߣȫȡ֮
ɵĪǰбĪͷ­նʱǰĪȴһŤȻʧǰ
ãڶʳͳ˧̴󾪣ϵѪɷһ˲ΪΧͼֹٵĹ
ɼķӦǳ죬ȴˣѪɷһ˲䣬ĪӰҲѪɷɿĵˣڵ˵ͬʱĪԭɵĽָѾɿˡ
ȵĪվٿڶʳͳ˧Ѿԭأ˫ͬʱϹ⣬ţϱʧȥϢбһɣҲˡ
ոոĲݾͳ˧һĻĿⲻɵ΢΢һһλ˧ǿߣǴŴǿߣȻĪӵһ֮£䣬ǺεֶΡ
ͳ˧䣬ڶʳʣĴһ̣˶ݵĻңȻܿͱʣµļ佫סˣǰܾѶûǿƸԤ֧ʧȥͳ˧ĵڶʳձذɣõ³ҲֻΪ֮
ݾλͳ˧Ҳȷġ
е߻翹ɱ
һ£ݾǿ˼֣ʧȥͳ˧ĵڶʳԵֵֿһλ佫֮ȻûеͶԵֿ˺ܶࡣ
֮УĪһעŵս֮ϣһעǷڸմӰ͸ռ֮гȺϣرеߡ
ѧǰټ֮ϵϢȴһ֣ĪĿǰİټѧɵƺвͬһֶص
ֶصͬںļһټѧɣֶصĪӵĸоƺǶԷУۺ˺ܶ˵ֱλ־ٿأһǱĬĹƻ
̶߱ȣֻﵽ൱񾳽Ķ壬ûдﵽ磬ǸĪӵĸоԷǼˮּĴҪǿһЩ
ܵĪӼͷβûзɵĹעֿ˿ѾҪȫֿ֮ĵڶʳ̾һȻǰһϵһʱ򣬾Ȼ˲˸оߴ˲١
ͬһͳ߿仰ҷ·ֱ飬ԭڲƵĲݾɵĹһ
ѧɣԷ仰ĪӿߣЩ⡣


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ټѧɣӴ֮񣬰ټѧʵһֱڱʱķչ涼Ͻټѧ֮УһЩѧҲһЩµѧȡЩѧɡ
ѧɣһѾİټѧɡ
ѧɵĳ֣мʱ䲢ֻж̶ٶ꣬ٶУѧҲʢһʱʷҲŨīزʵһʡ
ͬһͳǹѧɵĺ˼롣
ǾʵʵѾǿˣֻƱ䣬ÿ˶Լ˽ģԲͬһֱûгΪ֮ס
Լ˵˼룬ͬĿ꣬ضܹˮ壬Ϊ֮ס
ѧɵ˼룬ڵ֮Уһֱ飬ͬҲΪ飬ùѧɴԽԽƫ
տʼΪ˹᳹ǵ˼룬ǲȡĴʩѭѭգͨһЩôͬЭ
֮ܵ飬Ϊǿʼʹѧͷǿֲ˵УӶﵽǵĿġ
Ϊܵ飬ȴԽ֤ֶԽԽƫ
ҲΪƫŭ˰ټѧ֮Ե¼Ϊ׵ˣиŵߣգʢһʱĹѧɣʹ˳ʷ̨
ʷҶԹѧŨīزʵһʼطǳĿ͹ۣжƫΪУҪ˼֮һЩ̽֡
Īû뵽ԭΪѾʧʷ֮еĹѧɣȻɴڣҳԼǰ
ѧɵ߿Īӣֶص֮ʼûԾԼ֮䣬Īӷ·ԼૣԼҪŽᣬڶʳͳԼӦüڶʳĶ飬һ𸴱ٻʳ
˶Լ֮⣬Īӻо˶ԷͼӰԼӶıԼͷ
ֻϧĪӵܹӰģҪ˵ĪΪһ鱦Ԫ«ܹ첻һסĪʶ͹ĪΪҲܹӰ쵽ġ
ĪӲӰ죬Χ˲ܵӰ죬ЩӰ͸ռ֮гˣֻδͨˣһҲ£һϴһļᶨͿ֮ɫĪӺͲݾ
ڶʳĴҲͬܵӰ죬ԭѾҪ䵽ȵ׵ս⣬ʱ±Ųݾȥ
ԼЩͨˣĪĿ䵽ߵϣһĨɱ⡣
ѧɵġͬ˼룬Īʷ֮пʱ򣬶ǸտʼΪʵһЩͬС
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ڣʱȥˣѧɵȻڰĵ·ϣֶƺˡ
īǰһ˦Īֱ߹ȥղΣѧɵߣĪӶҪԷնɱ
Īֵ̧һɲǣѧɵ߾֪Լɣղ͸ռпĪӵֶΣԼֿܹģߵЩҲС
ֹģ
ҹīȣȫܣǿһʫϳһ㵭ɫĻ档
һ̣īȱҵϣҵ÷飬ǲ㵭ɫĻ棬ȴīȵı档
ѧɣ֮īȱһ㵭ɫĻ棬ĪԺ̻Լйڹѧֶεļء
֮ǹѧɵһ֮ǰŻʹõֶΣҲʲôɱԵֶΡ
һ㵭ɫĻ棬ֻҪ˽ӴͿԼ̳жԷǰѧʶ򣬶ͬټ֮˵ΪߣҲʶǿȡ
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ֶûʲôɱȴЩ߱ɱֶθӵĶ
ߵĪӻûüīȱĵɫ棬Щͨ˾ѾĪӵߡ
ǿվĪӣǰļˣȻЩĺ£¶ЩηηβģջĪ˹
Ǹոһ±ͻȻܳ˼ϣЩȫԭء
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ǰļ˱ĪԭأЩͨˣЩµĺ˰벽ţȺв֪˭ӵϼһʯͷĪ˹ȥ
ʯͷûĪӣĪӵסˣǸƫˣһ£ȴͨҲЧ£ӵʰһʯͷ飬Īӡ
Ⱥ棡


Щ˶ʯͷ飬ȻĪûκвĪȴϲô˺ɱ
Īǰһڽżصһ̣һȦɫĹâżشɢΧĵϣðһÿôЩȫסˡ
ղŵĺɱһʱ֮䣬ȫ˾ʧĴС
ͬʱ򣬲ݾߣҲڶʳķ׵ѹȥ佫ǿȫնɱʣµͨʿս
ݾλͳ˧ĪӵߣһЩסͨˣȻĿٴתĪӣ¶һ˿Цݡ
ܿлĪ
ӸɢĪӣܽԷԼкĪҲ̻һ
ܿӦҲǽӵ͵ĴѶ֪Īӵݣղڽս֮ʱֻǴԵĴһĪӣ͸㹻Ρ
˴˸к䲢ûмѣĿŵǰЩͨ˵ϡ
ĪߵʼǼ˵ǰϸ´һ⼸ˣͬʱִһ˵ļϣ̽Է̽飬Щ˵ڣûκӰǵİ֡
Լ̽ĹУĪע⵽Щ˶Լǳη壬رԼִһ˼ϵʱ˼㱻סˣҲȻ΢΢Ĳ
һϸ֮̽Ī˽Щ˵ȴоЩ֡
־ѣûκοƵֶΣȴǳƫȫǱĬͨʱЩ˶ԵڶʳصĹС
Щڵ״̬ĪӵǰһȺϴԵˡ
ԼʲôҲ㹻ǣѾһ˼룬ұΪԼǶԵģȥκεĻ
ĪӿһǱ߻һ㵭ɫīȣȫȷЩ֮ԻӣǹѧɵֱʣȫǸղΪ
뵽ĪӶȫ뼫˵Ĺѧɣһ
ĿȺЩͬŵҲߺʿˣĪâһЩ˵ֱӽǼʿ˽ɱ


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λĪһ¹֮ĪӶֽɱǼʿܿɫǳƽȴ
νȲƱΪһͳ˧ܿĪɱ⼸ʿΪϣĪѾɱģȴԼƿɱĵ²֣Żܿ񿴵һۡ
Īɱ⼸ʿǰЩͨˣȴһ̫õͷ
ĪӽĿ⿴˱ԼΨһһŵĴʿȻڵ
ıƻˣЩж٣
Ī֪ЩˮּĴʿǵ֮жнԴĿУʲڶʳľٴ룬ֻͨòķʽѯһЩϢ
ĪҲһЩ²⣬ҲҪԷֱӸ𰸣ĪֻҪԷܹ϶ԼĲ²⡣
ʿϵĽ⿪һ֣Īӵʻ΢ԥһ£Ȼ㿪ڻش
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һԵܿ仰Ҳɵһ£Ŀ΢΢ƺҲµʲô
ЩںδĪӼʵ
ЩԭƫԶĴ񣬶ǸԵĴУڣӦáʿش˵ûȫ˵꣬˼Ѿĺˡ
ڶﻮõĴѾʼˣЩϴԹˣȻҲǸ÷õʱˡ
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Ӹղŷ֮⣬һֱڿУܿ͸оͷ֮֮ϵڼڷ֮׵ûͷ֮ϵȫˡ
ΪʳԱܿĸоͻʳķ֮䣬ƺһεıݣʱò˿ķ֮
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Żûķ֮ĪӶֽûа⣬ڶʳĲҪĻʳ棬ô֮ǲò⡣
ڻʳķ֮״̬𣬵Ѿڰ̱״̬ˣ߹ǰߣܹ÷֮Ϣ֮⣬ĵطȫòκη֮
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ʳݵĻңǵڶʳµʱڶʳĲ׼ôãضᣬıѾõı
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ܿ룬Īӿһ۱ԭصЩˣȻͷӦ
ĪҲǳ棬ڶʳĲǽ׻ж
ĪӷųʶŲԶкһܿ죬ǵӰҲһ⣬ɵĪӵߡ
ҵĵǣЩ˲ܷβܣкʵĵطܹʱѺĪڽһǣȻܿ˵
ǾͷĪĸ㣬¾ʿȺȴ㸮ʱܿԣ΢һ֮˵
ܿİţĪӵȻûκε飬Щ²һʿһţĪҲȽϷġ
ⳡսʼʱ컹ûս׽Ѿȫˡ
鰲źãĪĿ⿴ԼīȣīȻбһԵĵϣ渽һ㵭ɫĻ棬ȵıԾȼա
ĪߵīȸǰܿĿע£ĪֲΪָָһϹ⣬۳һɫǹˮĵ䵽īϡ
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֮һݸĿǰĪڵĵطλڲݵĹ㸮ڣԱߵѣܿͿԸϵ
ĪӺͲݾһ𵽴ĸʱȷ˻ңȴе΢Щһ
ǵڶʳĴǣҲûгЩϴԵͨˣƴǵЩܵϴԵͨˣǵȷ˸ǣЩҲġ
սңԽƽҸͳа壬ӣۺʣ𢣬俪ۣӺũɣзȣ
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ڳſڣҲͬһЩͳſڵЩңӦ
سǽʿǰһĻڵȴʱýЩǿɢ׼˵ץƺûһʵɣЩץ
ĪӺ֮ܿĸҲ˳ͷſڵĲݾ
Χܿͬǳϣǰ֮ûκԥ´
ЩûץҪֹǵΪҽ˾ۼһǵжҲܵЩ˵Ӱ졣
ڴЩΧʱȺ֮һЩ˴£šʳɱˡɿԵĻȺĻҡ
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ţܿڵЩڼЩ̾ȫץЩ˾һַпأеĽ˳ſڵĻҡ
徳ڲ֪֮ϿԼˣһһӰϣɱ΢Ц˵ڶ


һʮһ 
Ļң֮ܿ󣬺ܿƽϢˣҲһЩܵϴԵͨûбץڿݾǿӲ̬ȣЩһʱ֮Ҳ¶ͷ
ĸһ뷢԰ףҲǳݵߣڳſڵЩܵϴԵİȫס֮λΡΡܿǰ
λ·ӣ˵ĸоƺʱĪȴܹĸоλĸȻЩ˥ûенľ֮ʱ
ܽЩղδʳɷҲ޹оˣĸ𿪿ڵ
ҲδЩշֺֻΪ˱ңʱЩո뵽һߣǾñף˻ʱϱܿǰλƺ̫ðֱӺ˵
һ˵꣬ܿתǵԸЩϼӿܣҪ˽ӴҲʲô£дηһͬʽá
ǵؽԣ̹
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·ϵʱܿĪӽ͵λǼǰģһֱ͵ڶʳЩйأһֱûץסѱԶЩֹʱҡ
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ڶʳĲְͨ취ͼ»һİͬ½ڶʳ
Ҫ½һ򵥵飬ڶʳҵһе;
ڶʳͳΣЩĲϸ˻֮⣬кܶʷ˻ʣλʱ˲СĹ˸ӷʢĵ·
ڶʳĲЩ˻ʣΪĹΪ»İ취ò˵ⲽߵ÷ǳ
»ʳˣЩڶʳ˻ʣΪĹ޷ɱģ˻ͣҲҪЩ˵Ĺ
취ȷǺð취Īӵڵڶʳĸٴҵȴʼվϣã
ĪǰǸ磬عʷûĸ˸ĳ֮󣬻ܹ¸˵ģȥģվѾȥˡ
徳ڲ֪֮ϵСԺУһö£ϴѶⳡԾ֣ʹ˽ˡ
վһȻ˹һ
£ʱǰ߾ٴ壬ȶ
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ˣıֶѣԸ֮꣬Ϊ岦ҷָͳٴγ˵
𢣬Ҳͬ˵
ΪڶʳٴҵǰæµǹУڶʳٳɹҪ˻֮λȴǹУǰˡ
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ڹУʱͻƵԪɵľ磬Ϊһ˻ʶ˵Щ̫˷ˡ
ߵСԺǰֻƿԺţͷһ⼸ṳ̂һСԺȻ΢΢һȣ߳СԺС
Ϻ͹߳СԺ֮תĹԺţٴοһԺеľ
ʲôᣬһͬϡ𢿴ƺӣ˵
תŹ𢣬ĿڵȷһЩطǴȥҵɹϣһˣ¾סڴ˵أ
˵꣬ϱûټ⣬͹һ𣬴뿪ˡ
ʳ񶼣ʹ֮УղͬͷǷǳС
ʳķȳ⣬ڳ˺ݺѪҹ֮⣬طϢ޷ݣػʳԱҪ޷Ȼ鷴ˡ
վǷǰŻ˫ۣûκεı顣
£λѾˣߵ
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ʱͲתƽĶ߷Ը
ԣת֮󣬼ʳԱ߽˴֮С
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Щǰˣͼʵĵģʱ޷÷֮첻ʳڷǳ֪Ĵ𰸡
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ǵæµҲݸ˻ʳгһźţ˻ΣңڻİŸ񣬱֤ʳתܹͨ
ԭΪʳʱ̱ЩһЩʱҲһԼе
Ȼ޷ʳȣϢݶв㣬ʳԱ඼ǰټҳֽ״ֶδ඼ǻģֻҪаЩԴ޷ЧʻܵһЩӰ졣
߼ʳԱ֮ͼصǷǰŻеԨ˫ۣǽ¶һĨЦݡ
֣ԹµǼǶֶѣŸսǰЩ޲ãЩ˼ǰ̲סðͷˡ
ûйϵðͷǹÿһݵĽһΣ¿ҪһͷˣЩǰΪۣǾֵˣ
ͿŻ˵˫ۣ˵ȵ˵֮ߵ棬ϵıʣдһţȻߡ
͵Żӵĸ֮ۡ󣬴ȥһ˸š⣬ʱȥһءҺͽϵĸ֮ۡ˽£
ԣ˫ֽӹеţȻ˳ȥ
뿪ıӰٴվߵǰĿ⿴һӡ


һʮ ȡ
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ҹĻٴν٣ڲɽǵĳŴɫѪɷγѪɫıݣŲݾ뻮һĽŲѪɫıݲǰƽڳſڵЩܵϴԵͨգȫ˳ſڣһطΧ
ܿĪվһ𣬿ЩϴԵͨգЩ˱ſ֮ʱзĽ޺鶼û˿仯
һʱ䣬ĪӺͲݾһܱݵиǣɽߣѾǲ帮֮һݾЩܵϴԵͨգסˡ
վĪߵܿȴ˿˲
ɽʱ򣬿ſЩܵϴԵİջۼǵĳŽգͷϵ￴ţûвȡκεľٴ룬̶ܿɽĸЩˡ
鷢ѾһʱˣȻûаľٴ룬̬ȣλɽĸǲϸġ
ɵѯʹ˳ͷϵ֪֮ܿ鲢ɽĸ𲢲ǶԳſڵЩշβܣҲûлȥܡ
ɽĸˣ֮߳󣬾ĪĵˣĳЩ֮
ĪˣתսݸɫɽӪͷĪУܿܵϴԵͨձסתͷĪ˵
޷Īܿ˼˵ͷ˵
ܿǵɱɽˣڻɽУ԰ĪڳĪӵʵԷֻҪضܹĪӵһʱ
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һ죬Ҫ˵ˣЩݾĽʿ
컹ûʱ򣬾;һսսոս̸˲ݸһ·ͨоӼоڶ̶һ֮ڣ߱˲ݸ帮ô£һЩƣˡ
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ˣкܶ඼ɢޣ˽ɽƷߵҩ
ĪӲ֪ԭɽҹʲôӵģϵɽЩѹ֣вٵڸѲߣ˳߶Щ঵ζ
ĪӸһŵסȻͿʼȴͬʱʶȴûзɣһֱעųи
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֪һһҹ֮󣬾Ƿˣڶʳˣ
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ټĻʳźܿͻвȴʩҪ֤µϢͨάֻʳת
ĪӸ֮߳󲻾ãͱܿ˹ȥ
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һ޵İҹ˧ǿ˵ʲôȲҹķѵ
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ڶʳòķ֮»ʳķ֮ʱ̱ЩڶʳĲþ̷ˡ
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ռ֮أ֮һϢҲĪԸ⡣
ڶʳĲȻѡһµ죡ϢĪԺиֳĵһ֣ǺԼֵĹС
Īӿڶʳѡѡǹеʱ򣬸о֮⣬֮С
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Ϊߣĳ㣬ǴͳսĽǶȽпˡ
֮ΪԭɢҵĵڶʳܹһȷЧҶ
ʳ췢ո֮أʱϵԽãո֮صѶȾԽ


һʮ ͳ
ܿĪ֪ڵľ浽ˣڶĲĥл¶˷צռ֮أ£һϴԵͨա
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ЩϴԵͨգʱ˵һ鷳ȲܷβܣֲܽЩ⴦ˣֻϼӿ
ЩˣҪķѻʳߵĳ̶ֳϣҲǵڶʳĲڻʳһǣơ
ݱ߾һСڲݺͰ֮䣬֮ǰСǲڣ⸽Ҳûж̡
֮ڣﲻһСǣҳͷϻرأԼԿһ㵭Ѫɷڶ𣬲ܹһЩɱƺʿѵ
һľĪΣسǵʿƤӵ£ϢƹСǣ˰ݵľڡ
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νո˵ĪΪֻҪԪɣǱ֣ĪԱûģ㹴УҲĪӡ
һܹԱ֮⣬ĪҪΪԼʦ÷λͳŵ˸÷Ʒ֮λǰĪܹ㹻ĹͣҪ㹻Ĺֻͣ΢ðһա
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һȫƾ


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ĪҪϢǱ뱻ڶʳռݵ֮أ飬»صɽܿ˵һԼһƳ
ĪǱʧܣܿû˱ֳκε̬ȸıʧ֮飬ǶĪӿο
ĪܹУұ֮ݲȵ˻Ѿѵˣˣƹ߶ѡյԣռݵ֮ڼܣԪҲбֵĿܡ
ܿİοĪ΢ЦŻһȻڵΪһС£Ҫ˰οĳ̶ȣܿͷų⣬ĪҲڽܵġ
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ĪȥѪҹأĽ죬лǷǳģպ÷۷չ׳ˣԼµĵӣҲǰı߹һݽڣ˵ʱܹõ
ܿҲȷύĪĸ֣δɾԪɵĿԼܿȻʵһ˼ǳܵˣһͳͿԿս챳һ֣˵һһˡ
ԶĿǣύһλпܳΪԪɵĸ֣ȵԺ˵֮
ǰ˵ݺͰݽţԼΪݾͳ˧͵ڶʳĲһսкܶҪĪӰĵط
ˣɽУҲһλʿɽػڵΪĪһܿͻȻĪ˵
սǾ͸ожһλ֣Ǿܽһ¡ĪԵ˵ͷ
ػɽصСţɽɽ֮㣬ػ֮ϵǳĲػڵҲΧݸ֡
ĪӶ֮Ҳмĵãʳδܺλֽһ£Ӧܹá
ܿĴ£ĪӺܿͼλͶԷһ棬ĪӾ֪λԲ˵
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ҲдǣܿǷǳæɽȥһλ𣬰ֵ˲֪ڲڲݾڣչи
ЩϴԵͨգҪδʳĴѾҪ׼ӭӴҪһЩڵ׼ܿȷǳæµ
ܿ뿪֮ĪӺͳλĽȵ˴˻֮󣬴۵Ļ⣬̾תƵϡ
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ֽԼͷͷƳɷķʽǰûûͷͷʱ򣬾ԼƳɷ
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һԵĳҲЩȣܿƽϢķӦûĪӺܿôء
ɽУȴȫʳģֻΪɽĸɱʳ޷ãΪ˰ģŽ뵽֮
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״ҲûмȰ裬ֻǳʶȻ˴̸Զûеѵĳ̶ȣЩ㵽ֹ˵˾ˣǳֻᡣ
ݣиո뿪ڣԣһλ£бһѳˡ
˺ʦְв˳һţһ߶ߵ˵
λԣ˹һۣȻ󵭵ĿڵлңʱѾ˵ˣǶ㹴һ̣˴֮ŲǣҲҪŸ٣̫һڵĽϣҲⲻҪȾϹ֮Ѫ


һʮ 
ڶʳΪ̫һڲ޶ԣֻǰĳЩԭ򣬼Ϲϻ̫һڵĹϵԼʳĲһֱ޶ȵḶ̣̌Ѿ˵ߡ
зǳ̫һڵĽޣ˵ǳֱˣǾֱ˵˼˵ĸܣЩ˵ĳǾõ
ǰˣвûΪĻܵӰ죬ǵ˵ͷȻĬĬתλһϽɫ⣬񱻵ڶʳռݵ֮طȥ
ݵı߽磬ܿŲԶСǣͷһԼĲݾûǰȥҲûж˷ѿȰֱӱ´˹
ɱ
ǰݾ佫һսеĲݾʿҲһɽս
ڲݾսУǰСǣСΧĵ棬΢ƺһ̣СǾͻ߽⡣
ɾʱһŨѪɷͷϱѸٵڳͷϣСǵλã֮ȾһƬѪɫ
վڲݾ棬ԶѪɷӰ죬ĪӿǱѪɷǵĳǽвò̾ڶʳĵ񣬰оȻ˶ͳ˧
֮ǰڲݣѾԼնɱһλ˧ǿߣڲݺͰݵı߽磬һλ˧ǿߣƺóسǵͳ˧
Ѫɷĸ£ԭ·һս֮бȻСǣȶţڳͷ֮ϣȻһƬѹѹļ꣬ųĲݾ
ݾΧѪɷܿĲٿ£ѸٵķγһѪɫݣµļ֮ǰ
У壡
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ֻС֮֮УͻȻһ׳Ѫɫâڹâ֮УԼԿһ׳ľ޴ʸһɿ񱩵Ųݾȥ
ּʸĪѪҹսϼ칤ѧɴ죬רԸġ
׳ļʸܿ˿ӲӣֻܴŲݾǰĹ֮Ȼһתۣ֮յıܿ޴ʸ
׳ľ޴ʸһ⣬䵽˾벢ݾԶһСɽϣһСɽ飬û˺һɽ֮ͬ顣
ݾسǵľӣĪӵǰչһʵĹ㲢ݾĹͣسǵĵڶʳĽȴʼնû¶棬ÿؼʱ̣ͻᶯøղּʸ
һֱȵսһʱʱ򣬵ݾٴγ嵽ǽ֮ǰһγڲû޴ļʸֱӴ˳ţһѪ⣬ľӳڳſڣѾĲݾ˽
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һս֮£һЩĲݾʿһȻ󵹵ز
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תڵĪӲ̧ԼߵһСɽȻСɽ˵ڶʳĴ
ֶԸѪɷİ취ĪǰżǼʿùѪҹսҲʹùַ
ַԸѪɷȻЩЧЧʵôһǳĺķֻǿӾЧȽˡ
ͷµһСɽڶʳͳ˧֪ʿֹ֣׷ݾ
ٿѪɷͷµСɽ飬ڶʳͳ˧ͣס˽ŲŴ˻С֮Уȫû˿ս
˻ܿܿĪӵߣɫ΢ЩѿĿ⿴Сǣ֪Լûа취ʱ乥Сǡ
أСǵĵڶʳͳ˧ͲһöԸĶ֣ͳķʵ̫ˡ
ͶԷһʱңܿʱʱ䣬ⷢ˶νһЩĴıʹԷǣԼܹһ̽ʵ
ԷΪž޴ıϵƣȴһֱܿ׼˱ǰһγ棬Űסʱǹӭ
ԸĶ֣ܿǼưٳԷֻҪһζȣ̰ȡ̬ڱռƵ£ܿʤԷ
ڶʳг䣬ֻʣһʱ䣬ô̵ʱڣܿ޷ʤԷҲ޷ֹڶʳľС
һʱֻתۼţۿʱ佫ھεŬܿջûܹǰСǡ
ܽѾˣܿ񲻸ʵĪӳ԰οһ䡣
ĪӵĻܿҡҡͷʲôû˵ֻת߼̫Ƶڶʳĳ䣬ھС
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ʽȽԶһ¥ϣվڴǰھдĵطĿʼնһʽĹϣһ̶ûŲ
վߵŹУȴûгţڷǳ˽⹴еһ˿ʧ䡣
жڳΪ˻źŨȤҲûһ㣬иõѡ
ԼҲǳڳΪ˻ʣɲԼõѡԼѡĻҲѡɣеһ˿ʧȴġ
ʽһ˳ĽУƿĿ⣬תͷߵʵʳǱ߻ڽ𣿡
еĻ̻شѩݺݱ߾ڽսݺبʱֹͣˡ
ʳĴأжûᵽмʵ
գʳܵﲢݣ׼ڽݸͬʱ֮󣬱Ὺս
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ʽӣǼ򵥣ڲѾеβˣڴжżģԼ̳ͳĳ֮־
ڼж֮вμӳĵڶʳҪһɳĹ𢹪һݡ
ͬʱ֮صϣһƬ貵Ľ⣬Ĺ㣬䵽ЩͨյϣʱǸоһůķǳ
վڲݵı߽֮ĪӺܿҲĽ⣬˶һۣ֪ʲô


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ܶʱν֮ףֻΪѣֵʽҲ޷ףò˵Ϊɵ֮ףضʱá
ܶͨҲףЩν֮׵ô£ԻһͬС
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ĪԣҲûʲôӦӿ⿪ʼ֪ܿѾˣЩϢ֮еĶѡ
Īӿ뵽ȵЩϢ֮ɵӰԲСҰʱԽãӰͻԽ󣬶ԵڶʳĲҲԽ
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գĪܿô˵ȴ뵽˻ڹ㸮ǡ
ĪͻȻЩԥԼҪҪǽйͨλᣬȻпܹΪǳһĪк͹һսģȴҲû¹Уˮ«ҲһС
ϾеΪʱܹ̤Ԫɵľ磬ߣԪɾ£ס
⣬ĪоãЩ飬ҲҪԼ˽ᣬǽ֮֡
ˣԼɣ˼һ֮ĪվǰѡȨԼԸ
ʱǳĶݣڵȴʱУܿ׼ټˣĪȥһ˹㸮ҵ˻ͣǣԼ뷨
ѾԼһߣϵƺҲɢ˵ǣĪ΢Ц˵ôãΪʦԳɳ˺ܶ࣬ԼҪôΪʦ֧㡣
֮ǰݸռǣĪӾͷϵı仯ı仯ֻ˸˵ĸоӳˣͬʱҲӿˡ
ĪӵĻ΢ĬƬ̣ͻȻȴ˰벽ȻĪӵǰĪһݴ
ͻȻһݣĪӸ׼ֽȴͻȻֹסˣĿ΢΢ЩӵĿǡ
Щ䣡
ĪѾףֱ֣ӦĹУӴ콭ˮµļ䣬֪Щ顣
ֱĵ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵Щ䣬ӵȷˣ
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⣬ĪҲԼЩĽ̵ģڰԼµʱ򣬲һŰֽĪӽ̵ͬʱҲԣĪţǾԲԼ뵽콭ˮָȥġ
ȻǽĻûĪʧ
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Īӻصݱ߽ʱʱ仹ûйȥʳ·ϣѾ൱ˣһʳǱߣҲʼµľٴ롣
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˵ЩϢܲܰЩϴԵİջѣʳʵûб̫ϣЩֶãҲǶʱЧģʳ˾ĿģΪ˷񶨵ڶʳԼĹĴ϶ĵʳù֮
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⣬ϵıĶŹ˵ϣһսҵȱսʤ֮ҵڶʳٴҵĵĲƣ
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һʳٴҵȶȣΪ֮ٵȡϳͳ
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𢿴һۣ͸оһ⣬ָӵƺ˵ĵг񣬻С
⣬սʤ֮еĻϿŹ˵


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ݵı߽磬ܿеĲݾʿĪվһĿԶա
ʱѾȥʳĴﲢݣܿҲѾӭӻʳ׼ֻȴȻ֮أ׽Щڶʳ
ʱһĹȥĪܿһȴ˴Լһʱ֮ʱĪӲŸоһŨѪɷԼĸ֪ΧתͷһԵܿһۣ˵ͷ
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֮ҷ۳УڲݾϷͣ£Ȼ󻺻Ľڵء
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뻮һһӭȻûսƣͬԵƲһ
ԶСУڶʳĴҲڹעߵٿڶķۣҲĸѹ
رǵڶʳλͳ˧иЩˣͳȣѾĻʳٻǸоЩ顣
ڻʳû뿪ۣ忴жҷۣԲ٣ݳǶأվҲⲻؾñʧ
ڵڶʳλͳ˧иоʱЩ䵽ϵķУʼ߳һʳʿ
ĪӿЩ뿪۵ĽʿܿԼǰ۳ɺѹѹһƬһȥĶֱֳеĽʿһ뿪֮Ѹٵ룬վԭһԵþƷǷ
ֵ磬ҫ£ǰЩʿͷ·ĵһ㣬ԡ
ʱĪ뵽ѪҹصЩʿ彻սսϣЩĽʿҲ˵롣
ڷ֮еĽʿ뿪˷֮۵ģһУ뷢԰׵Ͻ
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ΪһλϽҶѾٶˣǸһƷڶʳͳεϽʳ˶ļλԪѫ֮һ
εڶʳһ£λϽɳʵٺʲˡ
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λϽһߵܿǰĿɨһܿȻתĲݾϸһ֮ͻȻ¶Цݣܿļ˵
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ˣЩֲ꣬һЩƽնౣأܿǰҶ꣬ȻҪ̬ȴûԼһͳ˧ֻ΢ʾһ¹ġ
һԵĪ˵ĶԻʶҲûжپȣܹܿͣûȥѪҹػߺݵ£ͳһģݱԲ򵥣ĳ֮ȫûʲôþȵġ
Ҷںܿк֮ȻѸٵİЩʳԭפԼܿѯڶʳͱƵ֮ڵ
ܿҶ㱨Լ⼸պ͵ڶʳֵеıλͬͳΪȽĵڶʳͳ˧Ȼ˵֮ڵʱһԵĪӣȻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
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ĪĪӣҶܿĻĿתһԵĪӣ´Īһ֮ͻȻ俪˵
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ҶóĶһսƣĪѪҹصʱҲ
ӹҶеսƣĪȴ΢΢һüͷĪӵսӴսƵʱ򣬾֪սܹ߲֮ѪɷӰ죬ҪΪ̺Ļʳ֮һЩε
ڷ֮ڰ̱״̬Լһսƣ׻ûǰĹЧЩ˵׼
ƺĪӵ˼Ҷ꿪˵ڻʳķ֮޷ãսȻû취ǰķӹЧսУ˻ʱעһЩķ֮ҺķһƻʳˣԱ֤һʱ֮ڣѪɷӰ죬עͿԼ书ЧֻһΣܹá
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ҶһʳԭĲݾݡبݡѩڽݵľӣѹڶʳĴΣսĪӿò
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յսƵͬʱĪͻȻֱƵĸоҲûа취ĪԸ˻ˮģҪΪԼʦȡߵλȻȸһЩ
ҶսһҲǳĹ˽˫֮ܿ˵һЩԷͳ˧Ǳ췢𹥻
Ҷ겢ķֱ£ͳʮǰݣЭݵľһͬ
ôһΪõڶʳĲܵУ޷޵ıеһΪ˶½أֹҪͻΧܡ
һƷڶʳҶϽµĻʳ֮ѾֹһȥǰĲˣҶѾˣЩͬţʣµҲ޼ҶϣԼ֮꣬ͽλᣬЩǰĲһ򾡡
峿̫ûɫЩڲݱ߽֮ʳĴȴѾ룬ڼ佫Ĵ£ʼǰСǽ
ĪӺڲԶһɽͷĿתĿһĻӾӻǰ֮䣬˾ܹоһɴսѹȸС
ĪѪҹصսڸ𺳣Կǰĳ棬оһЩߵȴûмĳ棬һʱ֮ı𺳵ˡ
ǰĽʿŲÿǰ̤һһ뻮һĽŲͷ·սʼ֮ǰĹĵ㣬Щسǵĵڶʳӵͷ
Ҷûھӵǰ棬оǰĴǰĿǰܿϣ֮䣬ƺһλ˵ӰǵõǻһսʱԼλˣһͬǰվڶǰеġ
ڣҶȻͳսʵҲû˥̫࣬ϾˣԼܹоٹһЩ꣬ҪȥЩˡ
ɽ˲ųڣҶԸѸĻøЩʳ㣬иĻܹҵܹսĥԼںѹ͹ˡ


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ŻʳսһĽŲС֮ľԽԽڴǰܿȼλ죬ΪߵƣڲϽӽĹ֮УԽԽǿ
ڣڵһ̶֮󣬷·𵽴һ㣬ţΧڻʳΧѪɷȼյĻһ𣬴ϿյգѪɷ·Ʋ㣬ͷӳһƬѪɫ
ʱ˿̣ѾǳСǣڻʳĲƽ£ͷ·һֻ׵ĸڻֵ̿ĵȴУƺһ̣СǾͻᱻֱʵѪɫѹ塣
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ͬʱС֮еڶʳͳ˧Ҳ˷ӦһͬǳǿѪɷڳͷڶѸٵĸеĳǽ۳һѪɷݣǵ˵ǰ
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˺ѪɷײһƵûкѪɷݡ
ʼˣվԶۿĪ֪һսֻսʼһźŶѣǴսʽʱˡ
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ʳͬʱפͣŲ£һ˲䣬ڵ̤˱֮ǰһ죬Ҳͬʱ˱֮ǰԵĴ
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פ֮󣬽ţһս춯أֱڴǰڶ佫Ĳٿ£ս޶ȵĳǰСǡ
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Щʯּεţɿǰȥʯ֮䣬ͺһո˯ѵӴͿ񱩵ײѪɷ֮ϡ
ԭ̵ѪɷݣӴ֮£˲䱻˺󷭾ʯȥƲСǵĳͷϣһͬʱžײ
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ʳߣҲûָܹһս𣬾׾ٵĺǰСǡ
ڻʳо֮һս컺һһҶ֣һһ塱֣ǻʳϽҶս졣
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Щ칤ѧɵԭսϵģֻǴʱ򣬶Ǳı߹ǰߣлڲĶС
ʱ֮ڲݵı߽磬ĪһĿЩ칤ѧ
СǵϿգѾȫȫļˣÿһͨļʸӵ̴ܹǺĳϣҲܹͬԼ
³ǽϵѪɷʱҲ޷ٽǽˣһ֮УСǳǽദ𲻿ܶطż֧Ƕ뵽˳ǽڡ
СǵĪ֪£ݳǶأʳֻҪٷƣȫҪķһһ䣬ܹǰСǡ
ڶʳͳ˧ȻҲһ㣬һ֮󣬻ûеȻʳٴη𹥻Ѿ᧿ΣСǣƵĳűͻȻˡ
һѪڶʳͳ˧ֱʩչеĳдС֮ǰ
ɱûκεķϻڵڶʳֵĵһʱ̣ͬʱһսȻ˲䷢˳档
ڶʳʵҲ٣ԶԶ֮λͳΪȽĵڶʳͳ˧ǰĻʳȴڴʱȻȻķ˳档
ĪӺǿӵٿ˴˼ʱƣһʱ֮䣬ȻõڶʳĴߣƺмֱ׳ζ
ⳡսʼ֮һζཻ̱֣ڶ̶̵ľ֮У˴˷棬ͬʱ䶯ͣͷѪɷ۳˸״͵˲Ϣã˿ۻҡ
վĪӺߣѪɫĺݺݵײһɲ֮䣬Ѫɫһ𣬻۳˴ƬѪɫˣȫһƬɺѪɫսֵľֻͨײҽص˿սĲҡ
֮սϿյѪɷ΢ɢһЩײҲͣסˣʱڿ˫˴֮Ѿֿһξ롣
߷ֿ룬ѾױѪȾˣ֮ʬ嵹ڵϣʬ壬඼һز֫ϱۡ
һ΢紵һսŨѪζĪӺǵķŵѪζٿսϵǸӸоսĲпᡣ
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ٴν棬ղŵĳٴݣֻǵȵֿʱ򣬳˵ϸʬѪĪӿڶʳͳ˧Ҳͬˡ
λͳ˧ڿǳңжദ˿ڣǰѪֱ۴⴦ѣܹĿͷ
ЩڶʳĽʿҲ˺ֶۣϽ߲ٴ֮һ˿ؿڴʿ̲סȥ
ԼϵˣٻͷԼڶʳĴν֮Ѿֻʣʮңսģֻжʮ
Σٴȥֻȫû
ԺлԼõԼܵĶһЩʱ䣬սڣѾˡ
΢΢ҧҧλڶʳͳ˧ûзγ棬ǲΧѪɷʣĴѪ֮󣬱»ص˳С
ʤˣ
ԶĪӿһĻ֪С谭ѾˣЩܻȥĵڶʳʿ׼ݳǶأҪˡ
ɱ
ʳٴαһսһΣǰСǣضɽҡսûټסȻһ㵹ˡ
ǰֱͦ룬򣬾ش˵أ߾СǱƣо֮Ҷ΢΢ͷȻ´˾
´һ֮ǰĴԽСǣӾ˰ݾڡ


һʮ 
ݱ߽ʧأʳӾѾ̤밲ݣһ֮Уյո鴫ϢɫѾЩˡ
ںûнڹߵɫصĹУϴһ˿֮ɫ˵
ڻʳѾ˰ݾڣϿֹò̫ãʳͻṥݣǸʱ򣬿ɾǱٳˡ
νսʤ֮ߣȻеǷͼǹûԤϵġ
ϵġͼۼģҲ֤ĵһıǿ
ڹеӡУͼȻһǳıȴЩа죬ۼáͼٻһĴڣʵҲ㲻
ɹζЩ벻ͨͼѷɫɱܹ֮ʱŤתǬõڶʳĴΪʤ
ʱ䣬ˣһ£ͻȻƺЩء
ԭǵˣһӹɡ
ǹЩڶʳĲڵڶʳƷ֮µĻʳٷϴ֮ʱ˰Žʳ֮С
ܶڸոսʳʱ򣬾ͱִˣʣµڹһʱ֮λڼ伸εУҲԽԽ١
ʵ类ŽȥһˣǺ֮Уټѧѧϰģڻ滭֮ϼ츳԰ټ֮ѧҲѧ÷ǳ죬һöǳҪӡ
ɹڵһ֮󣬷ȥ֮ǰȻҲһöҪӣûбҪ̫࣬ɵ֮󣬿ʼӵṩϢհ£תΪʼıߣҴһĽɫ
˻Σڶʳ׼ǸλõĹУϾȻһߣٺϱҪʧܼ֮󣬾ʱˣЩȴһֻƵķʽϾ˻
Ȼϣ˵ڶʳеĹԼЩһϢ
Ⱥ޲ϧƴϾȳϾֵɸٴҵĹؼ
֮ϵı֣ҲȫĿõģıߣƶԣȫΪЩڶʳĴԣĺ֮һƳλԽǶƴӡ
в֪Լǲ̫ˣԽԽã⣬˽ɫת̫죬һʣڼ֮ǰЩ̫ϸ
ݹյϢϺǽӴʱʹԼ߰ңֻ֪ƺǺϣ֪꣬Ϣǳģ
ɵʱ򣬹¶ɣһҲѾˣҵΪֹϵһΪΪ˵ڶʳĸٴҵûʲôľٶ
ֻϣԼ̫࣬ȻиٴҵŲѾߵܲ˻ȥɣ
ҵ˼һգлվԵ˵ȥݿʱֵһУԷʲôʣбʣ֪ͨң
ǣСģһĨ֮ɫЩĹڰݳʲô£֪о飬Ҳ޷˵ı⡣
ģҲʲôµģ߶࿴һ㣬Ҫʱ򣬿ȥҺʦ֣ĵ˵ͷ˵
һ䣬б˳ȥٽſڵʱһϽɫ⣬ɿʧǰ
ݾڣĪӸڸոͻСǵ谭ƽĻʳĺ棬Ŀעǰա
֮ǰĪӶǱ룬ոսãͱɵļ֮ˣʳƳǶ룬ѪɷǰƽȺɵļ֮ڿٵı⡣
ĪӿĿЩ֮е飬ԲϱƽѪɷѡ˿ٳˣǵĺˣ֯ɵҲ֮Ѫɷɢ
ܵڶʳĴЩ鶼ʼɢʳǰ;УҲû谭ġ
ݺͲͬͬ帮֮أʳһ֮ǰʱ򣬷谭ǵģǵڶʳĴһȺϴԵͨա
Щͨջ֣ڸǵĳſ˼ǽԵĻʳһ׼ֿӡ
Ǽÿһˣж¶־岻ܶ˻ڿá΢Ǳ¶еĿֻš
ǺΧ֣·һЩģЩϴԵͨգʱ򻹲֪ôأ
ԴǰЩϴԵͨգǰļʳ佫ͣס˽ŲĿо֮еҶꡣ
ЩϴԵİյڴ֮ǰҪǺľѹȥЩʳĽʿҲЩĲֲ̣ͣ½ŲھҪҶˡ
ΪϽҶ꣬赲ڴǰЩϴԵͨգֻüͷ֮󣬱
ǰǰУȥһСȥɢЩգ
Ҷ귢֮ԭͣסŲǰʼǰ뻮һĽŲ̤ϣ˵죬ҲͬЩҶİգһиӿ־ˡ
һٵ뿪ǰٵЩտ׼ɢЩա
ЩʳʿովһսսϵɱѪζûȥڽӽЩϴԵİ֮ЩϴԵͨУһЩСľҪ롣
Ⱥ֮УҲһЩϴԵıȽϿ֮ʱһߴţһ߽ץסߵˣά⼸ǽ
һСӵͷһλ佫ͷһо֮ɫȵҶ꣬Ȼҧҧµı䣬ǿпʼɢǰӵ¡
УһЩϴԵİջһЩˣлȽء
ʱ򣬴ҲõǰͦһЩҪǵ³ȴǷǳңֱӾͱҶնɱ
ȻȲƱĪӿЩնɱİգͷ
Ϊʳͳ˧Ҷ˿ûΪЩǱϴԵԭ򣬾ͶǵΪκεݣնɱϡ
˼ʮʬ֮ʣЩϴԵİգһҲ˵ǰˣȫԶԶĶ㿪
˶̰Щڶʳϴ˵ͨգȻڵڶʳ˼룬Իп־壬ڿѪ֮ҲẦ²ǰ
ʳĴûȫǣֻһֽУеķ֮һЩˣȻʣĻʳǼƽ
һֱ֮󣬻ʳ˰ݵһǣûзѴ֮ջǣΪеķǵ֮ǰˡ
ڵ֮ǰˣǰݱ߽磬ӰСӻصĵڶʳʱ׼ٴεֵʳƽ
Ŀݵı߽磬ĪӿԸоݵı߽磬һϤˣҲͬ
У


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һʱڣɨƽݷѵĻʳҹʱֹͣ˼ǰѡӪϢ
һʱ䣬ʳеÿһʿʵǳƣһսƳ֮󣬺תսݣȻûٴսһ·ϼٶоȻС
Ҷ֮ôżһΪ٣ʱ䵴ƽݣȻҲܹĵڶʳڶĪӾãҶҪ׷ֻڶʳĴ֧ӳ׵
֧ӵͳ˧˵ķǳϣûڰݾڶͣһֱ˵ݵı߽磬
ǻʳƣҶھҪݱ߾𹥻ֱӹݱ߽磬ֱ룬նɱλԽ𢡣
ݱ߾Լ֮һƬյϣſһƬӪʣΧѪɷƣһϴһ㣬ƬӪΧ𵽾á
ֶγƲϱֻǶѪɷһЩĲݣ佫ϵǿߣܹһ㡣
о֮УҶڶʳе佫ԼܿĪӵȫڴУž顣
ݾݱ߽裬ݱ߽紦ĵоڶ࣬ʵǿ󣬶ʱսʤ
ѩݾս֮УѧЭ߽磬ϣͳ˧ټѧɸǰ󡣡
بݾڶʿһս޹Ҵͳ˧֧Ԯ
֮еһ佫ǰյľ򵥵˵һ£˵֮ҶĿɨһ۴֮еˣȻ󻺻Ŀڵ
ڶʳǴ󲿷ֵȫŵ棬ҴȴûоֵжΣڽкο
ѧɣеڶʳߣȻȫطѵôģܹƾһ֮͵סĻʳĪҲڷٵ˼
ǰ֮⣬ݵı߽磬֮ǰѾоеϢɳ˹֮⣬Ǵ߽ʣµرȴǿдǸոմӰݱ߽˵ЩڶʳĴ
ʱܹϧķѴۣѪҹһ㣬ֱĵҩЩմսʿָսټԭݱ߽ؾҲԴ򲻹ʳĴ
ĩΪǵڶʳյ֮ƣʾյ룬Ȼһɱ֮ҶĻ²ã֮оһ佫˵
Էһ䣬Χ佫Ҳ׷׵ĿڣԼ뷨
Īע⵽ڴеЩ佫඼꣬ÿһʵҲȽء
ÿһ˶Լ뷨֮УҶһֱĵţûжκ˱뷨ʲô
ĪӲǻعζˣҶЩ˱֣һ£ûĻǰ֮еЩˣպ󶼻ǻʳǳҪĽ죬
ȵе˶˵Լ뷨Ҷϴһ˿΢Цڵλ룬н֮ǣҲ;֮ǲ
Ҷ껰ո˸ͷͻȻ֮ȴͣˣͬʱɫ䣬һѪɷ˲䱬ֱӽڵĴʳɡ
֮еĪӣʱӦҶ껹Ҫ죬Ѫɷ֮ǰĪӾ̷ա
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·ЩʳʿȻӦˣҲͲһҪĪֹµĴɽˡ
Ī׼˿ʱͷµɽͻȻ֮һȦɫĹâȻ׹ٶͬʱһֺءѹȻ
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ĪӿٵķɳɽֵķΧȻعͷµľ޴ɽϣȻһȦѾɫâЩЧ
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ۿɽ·ӪԽԽٵĻʳ죬Ѿ׼Ȼסɽ
֮Բѡֱӻ飬Ϊɽ̫飬ɽʯ·Ӫ֮УҲɲСˡ
һƬѪɫĹâڻʳӪ֮λʳ佫˾׵ľˣ׼סµĴɽ
ĪӿһĻȴͻȻһ˿̧ͷߴ֮Ŀٴɽ
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ĪӾãвϲùˣ޴ɽ£ȷʳһЩţκβûʳ
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ʮλϰ׵ľˣ˫סɽͬʱǽµĴأȻƣȻһأЩ佫˫ȣҲ޴ɽ׹ݺݵҵ䵽˵С
оסɽ佫ҲΪӴһѪ𵴣һЩˣô޴ɽ壬ȵĿסˡ
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׼ſҵһ̣ͻȻоһַֻǳ³һ֡
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Īͨɫˮ««Ѿ򿪣ǱѾ乭ȴûע⵽ĹС
ĪӸո޴ɽϸӦǹϢɻûüʲôӦһоѾˡ
ʱĪ֪еĿˣҲòеĵĿ꾹Ȼǻʳͳ˧Ҷꡣ
乭ʱĪ뵽˵ڲ֮ʱƵĳжԨһƺǹʼʩ
ĪûֹܹУһΣȴٴεóѡ
ˮ«£ԭɿҵĹУıһԵֿӴĪӵķȥ
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Ѫɫļʸ뿪ҵһ˲䣬㻯һѪɫĺ⣬һƿնȥΧŨѪɷ˿赲ʸ
֪׻жǿļʸշɹҶߵʱ򣬾Ҷ껹ҵľ룬Ȼƿշȥգۼʧ˵С
ֱһ̣ҶȻתͷ˱ų΢ЩŤ·ڱ޴ĹУŻȻ侪ѣԼȻ֮һ⡣
ǵƫҶ꣬ȻԶȥļʸֻŭӿԼðնǰɱҶ꣬ڼɹʱȴֹˣβŭ
еŭģֹˣȻһ°ܽЩеɢޡ
һУŭӿǻǸӦ뿪ˣɶԷǸɫĺ«֪ʲôùڸоԼѺ«ǹڲϵı«
Уоȵķ֣ԼȻʼŤСǸ«ԽԽС
Ϊһ㣬ڷŭ֮࣬Ҳһɲ뵽Ǹ«УԲǹԸܵġ
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ĪһԤУûô׽뵽Ԫ«ڡ
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ĪӿٵĽԪ«ջأλһ⣬ɵŹ׷ȥ
׷Īӣһһ䣬һϽɫǹеǰϽɫĳ
һϽɫ⣬ĿֱָĪӣͬʱĹңһϽɫļʸҵһɲǣһϽɫľצĪӷ
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һ֣īȷɻصĪУǰϽɫĳҲڰһת䣬ɻص˹еС
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ĪһսȫѹĪӣĽĪնɱڣȴûʮİܹնɱĪӡ
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ʵ䡪棬ɱ
Ͻɫĳ̧𣬹ָһǰ̳ĪӴȥ
ŴԼһĪӸоΧƲ㣬·һ̶ˣϵһ㺮âΪʵʣһɱ⣬Īһ޷֮С
һĪʩչԷƾһӲ˺ĪӲõ󷨣ͬʱĪһ֡һ򷨡ĸо
ٴһĪӸоѹûеôˣһͬС
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һĨһˮǽϱ˺ڽ⽫ҪĪǰʱһںûƿˮǽ
Ŀ΢΢һϽɫĳתӽǿźɫıʯһâһɸǿɱ⣬Ľɢ
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һĽ׼ĪӣĪָо˵Լ죬ȴнٵĸо
ֻһΣָоĪӵӰѾ΢΢ˣҪ첻ĪӾܷ
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д̳ƽƽ棬ȴ̺ſֲɱһͬʱĪҲԼĹΧ֮Уٵ۳һˮڣ飬塣
еλãЩˮڵ룬̳һ̣ˮڿʼٵľ£಻Ĺ䵽ϡ
һСӡڹеͷһϽɫĹ֣εĽػ̳һȴȥƲĪӴȥ
ܼĹһջǵĪӵǰƿľԪķֱĪӵüġ
Īˣͬʱһˮֱ˽͹бˡ
ԭڳܻˮǧԴԴϵĹټ˵ˮѡսˡ
ڹ׼˵һ˲䣬ĪоһٴˮīȺݺݵǰʱ򷴶ϣͬʱٴóԪ««ڶ׼С
ĪӲҪһγŽԪ«УֻҪԪ«ס޷ӿĹ
ɾĪ׼ʩչһĹʱһͻȻԶӲĪֹס˽Ų
һֻɽĴ֣ٵĶĪ䣬⧲֮µĪͬԪ«һķ˳ȥȻɵĴֱץУѸٵĽߡ


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ĪӵڰһתһУɫԪ«ĪӵУȻ̧֣Ĳ˲ǵѪ
Ԫ«ĪڵɫЩÿ⧲֮±һķɣ΢һЩˣҪǣƻԼնɱеһûᡣ
ԹеʵĪܹ֮⣬ҪսʤҲҪƴȫղŵǴλᣬлЩ͹ĪʵԲĪץסһʱ
ղŲǱǸͻȻֵֹĪĽĹˣпƾǹˮ䵱նɱ
ϧôˣȵһν֣оԲĪĻᡣ
ĪһŵȥͬʱԼʩչһˮ⣬ٵĻָϵơ
ν䵽ϣĪӿʳĴѾᣬԭӪشʣµӪ޼ֻʣһЩ˵һЩʿ䡣
ĪĪӹҶ˸кĿϸĪϴһ£ȻһĨ⡣
ղƶ˵սҶ꿴ҲȽĪӺ͹һսû·磬û¹УȴĪʵãͻȻг֡
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ҶϽ׼ھͼݱ߽𣿡
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ĪӶݵĽ֮ҶʹŻʳҹɫ֮Уݵı߽
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λڶʳͳ˧зǳһʧˣǻҪ֯һθٵжҲˡ
βϣʳܹ黹ǻٶȻôĿ졣
ͬݵı߽磬žѾǳĻʳӢ֮ɫ
ԭҹһ˳ĻܹΪݱ߽ȡʱ䣬˵ܵõһҹĻᣬõڶʳĴΪʤ
һȴΪĪӣûɱɢ޵ͻȻֶˣֵ֮ʱЩԿ
ԻʳʼĽзǳݱ߽бҲֵ˶ã󷽵ϢûҲûʳʱƳǶ롣
黹ûеĵزڶʳߣһá
Ͱλˣж֮һȺڽ֮еһ˵
ݱ߽磬мʮλ飬ʵǿģȻλƷ飬֮⣬ʣµƷƷ顣
λ͵飬û˻ˮҾУҲ𲻵á
еĻλƷ黺ڵѪɷҵҲֲ˶ãұֵ֤ܼ
ɣ²Ϊ͸λֻȥҲǳڵ״Ҳǿֶܹá
еĻλƷ˵ͷʱĻʳѾߵ飬һ⣬ʧ˹еǰ
ʧڶ飬һϣһ˳ɣ
˴ʱ˿̣ҲֻܰеϣеˣϣԣܹΪʤ
ݺ󷽣һ֮ڶʳһģԽ𢣬ԼڶʳУĿǰΨһܹõʮ
վڳߣ΢΢üͷĿⲻסĴʮͷƯŵġͼԼһյ͹ӵƣгʩϣЩվţȴԽԽʮ
Ŀⲻס⼸˺룬ǰһб仯һֲʱƱԽԽǿҡ
˵սʤ֮Ȼһšͼʱ򣬹оһ˿ڽ⴦֮ʩǰʮϵı仯šͼĹ죬ùеһ˿̳
ǰʮڲݱϵϢҲùоǳһȥЩʿıУ·ָܹŤĸͺڿǷġͼһ
һָоǾ£ûеĹȣŻֽʮϡ
ڹԽԽʱƯʮͷϵġͼյ͹ӵƣͻȻͬʱɢ⡣
ͬǣͼɢһڵĹ⣬˵ĸоǹ⣬Այ͹ӵƵĹ£Żɫǹ⡣
ɢ·ֵʮͬ˱仯
ԭɲıʱȻĻָǵϣȴʼɢŨŨĺ
Щһ㣬ЩʿϣסϵĿףȻѸٵĸı˿׵Ρ
ԭͨʽףЩİУζ˾޴ı仯ȫͨɫ⡢ϥǵȴһЩļ̡
𢿴ЩˣϵıָˣһȥƺͿԿǵ£һŤ
ϣҲɹˣתվڳߵĹ𢣬ϴһ΢̬ɫЦŶŹ˵
ȷƾǰʮʿ䣬ܹսʤʳȻоЩеĲҲû˼ɻ˿ʵ
ϷģʮͨҵġͼϹѧɵƣطԶǺ͡ͼεϵһʵҿƲʮ֣ʳкοɾ壡һߴЦţһ֣ǷͼУյ͹ӵƣҲһͬջ
ϵЦݸ˸ĸоЩ̬ˡ
ϣڣǿԳȥˣ֧Ĵܻʳİϸٵڶʳ


ٶʮ һ֮
ݱ߽磬ĪӺվڻʳĺ󷽣ԶһƬѪɷ֮£⣬вɰ
֮УȻпʱֿѪɷİ취޷ײ壬ܵһʱҲѾˡ
鳤ӣȻΪȼɭϣҪΪһǳḶ́˻۷ǳ
飬ڷ֮ǰһ죬ѪɷȻǳ˽⣬ȻҲܹ취ʱӦѪɷ֮
ʳ֮УҶɫҲЩǰߵݱ߽磬Ѿ赲˻ʳһʱѾоǰСҡҡ׹ȴʼ޷䳹׹ơ
ǰСǵΧһɫϣĸķģϵĸߣϵ棬һδԸ
ûκɱѪɷĳʱȴѪɷһĸЧϲڱܿɢ
ֻһϣʵҲ赲˴ôãϳеĵڶʳʣƴֿԼЩ鲻ϧʩȫͬˡ
ֵڣӦҲˣǵɫϣĵԸĪӶΪЩ鿴ۡ
ڶʳЩ飬Ϊܽʳ赲һʱҲѪˣһʱģϰĻۣһڶʳѾˣǵȻڣȴ϶ǰ¡
ھЩˣڶʳĲڤ֮еͥҲ˵ʲôĻϾʵʵĸ˲١
ɱ
һصս𣬴سΧȺɽ𵴣ɫϣһսкݺݵһ£ƺѾıԵ
һս֮󣬻ʳΧŨѪɷѸٵķӿڴͷ۳һ޴սìһһǰȥ
ݱ߽紦һɫС𣬻˪Ƿ絶꣬һͼֹµĹ
ڶĹֹ£Ѫɷ۳ɵľ޴սìдһƥƣƿһĹջɫϡ

һײѪɷɵľ޴սìûܹ͸ϣվڴ󷽵ĪӣĿȴĶѪɷ۳ɵսìϵһ㡣
ƿˣĪ˵
վĪԵԣЩɻĿĪһۣȻҲϸսìµһ㡣
ֻĪӵĻһ䣬ǵɫϣһģͻȻֹ֮ͣˣţսìµһ㣬һѺȻ֣ҿٵΧӡ
ɫϣʱһ鲼ƣʱѵһ㣬š
һ̣ɫϻм׵鿪Ϻ󷽵λƷ飬ŵһ汦һ˲䣬Ϲâһ֮Ҳðˡ
λƷ΢Щ۵ĸһ¾棬ԵĹϱˣҲ˵һ㱦ҵѾˣ
л𣡡жλƷһЩȷѾˣë
˳ǽƣ»ǴʣĴɣ˻ܱһЩλƷ̾һŹ˵
鵽ʱЩڵڶʳĲѾˣνķΪʤĵƣҲû̫ġ
ͷٵֵƬ̣ҵ̳롣Ҳ֪ʱȫûʲôˣҲ׼Щʣ²ĵڶʳȫ
ȥҵȽٰ̫Ƭ̣֮ͷڤˡƷ˵ͷ
ٴл𣡡еͷ֪Է׼ˣԷصڤ֮УҲܶͥˡ
ɱ
ϱ֮ŴһսǰСǣںȻˡ
СǱƣĪӿһѪɷٵݺ󷽶ȥһĻͬҲʳĸλ쿴ˡ
ò׹ݱ߽磬ڻʳߣλõڶʳľѣ̾׼о׷ȥ
ɴĽŲոǰȴͻȻһɽ壬ڴǰ
֮Уʮλ飬Ҳֳ֮Σע·Ļʳ
ĪӿȺ֮Уһ汦ΨһһλƷ飬һĨ⡣
֮ǰ͹һսǶԷͻȻ͵ϮһƽԼķɣʱԼǱ밲ݣӦҲǱԷ֣Բ˻ȥġ
оУҶҲڿЩ飬΢Щǵ˫֮Уȴɱ⡣
ղŴǱЩֹһʱǻҪΪڶʳĴϺ浱ҶЩûа취ˣ
Ҷɱһ𣬻ʳΧѪɷʼٵΧɢվں󷽵ĪӺǣӦѸٵıѪɷķΧ
ţĪӷֽµأʼһƬɳԶѪɷһϣΧһƬȫ
Ѫɳ
ۼҶչѪɳĪ֪ҶǶЩɱġ
ѪɳչЩ飬ȫѪɳַΧȴ˿ľţΪ׵λƷ鲻ŲæóһӡһƣȻΧһ𣬿ѪɳıԵȥ
λƷеӡƣĪ˵ڲݣԭѪɳĹУƺͨѪɳ
ԷߣĪȴöԷߣҪǱԷˣλƷһ֮ĪҪȵʲôʱ˽᣿
ٴӴóսƣעսƼΧѪɷĪӵӰ˲ʧ
սӰĪѸٵĻһ⣬ֱЩ׷ȥʳҲͬ׷˹ȥٶȴûĪô졣
Ѫɷı߽磬λƷոսеӳӡƴѪɷı߽磬Ҳ׼뿪ѪɳķΧϾʳĴѾ׷ˡ
һ룬һڿ뿪Ǵλǰȴһöɫεı飬ɢһڳֶȥ
ڳļʮλͬʱһ鲼ѪɷĻУۿʳҪ׷ˣʱǷǳҪ
λƷеıһ⣬ͼöɫεıɣҲͬʱַһ
ɾǳֵͬʱЩıһɫĹâǿƿնһ飬嵱顣
ɫĹâȥƲλƷ顣
ڼҪɫĹâ֮ǰλƷҲоΣգѸٵתеıǰסɫĹâ
һ̣ɫĹâɶأĪӵӰЩǰͬʱΧѪɷӿʳĹҲͬˡ
Ѫɷĳ£ЩϵĽѸٵıðʮλ佫ǰеıУЩ鹥ȥ
λƷ鿴ǰĪӣ֪Լٽ֣ǽЩ飬һѡ
еıâһһĪȥȻڵĪǰʱĪֻһеīȣֱӽɢ
Ѫɳ֮гŨѪɷͬĪӼսƣЩսѾܵӰ졣
Ī׾ٵĻɢԼĹλƷҲһĪӵʵսӰ£һܹսʤοˡ
֮ǰһ֮𣬴ʱ౨°ɣĪӿλƷ飬ƽ˵һ䣬ΧһƬӰĳ
λƷһȫڵϵĽøŨͼֵסĪӽĹ޼¡
ϵĽոձĸҫһЩ͸оһǿϣϵĽ˲䱻ɢ˳Żǿ˳ȥ
ڱɳȥͬʱһξӨˮֱֻϣ˲仯񱩵ǳֱ֮ӽֱ۽顣
λƷҽУоԼ汦һǿǿߣȻ̺Լʧȥϵ
ŷڵʯ֮һκεķӦλƷ뵽˵ϵĻɳ֮Уҵ뵽˻ʳӪߣҶ겻Զĵط
䵽ɳ֮еǵӰҶû˿ԥ̧еıУǿѪɷϣ˲ǰ̳
һУǵ֮Ȼɳ֮һƬնȾһƬɫ
ĪӻأĿҶ꣬ҶǶĪ΢ЩǸĵͷ
ǵӵĽ⣬һλƷҶĪӱʾǸ⣬ҲǾԼĪӵĶ֡
Ҷ΢һЩǸ飬ĪЦЦû˵һ֮ѾˣλƷ鱻ҶնɱҲ⡣
ԶѾһξĹУͷĽ⣬ͣס˽ŲһĨ֮ɫ
һ̣յһѶϵսʤ֮Ѿˣ£пƬ⣬Щ


ٶʮ 
ϿԸ볼һͬۼ֤ʳܶˣ֤ҵڶʳ¶ͳĹؼһսʤһšͼһֻŹѧɵƣϴһĨЦݣŹ˵
ԣڳǵʮ΢΢üȻĿתصϵϣֱԲ˵ãӦһͬǰȥ𣿡
ȥΣգܹ׸սҾҾʿʤһսۿº»ЩźȻɷŵ÷ǳͣǻе˼Ѿıˣϣܹһͬǰ
ãһͬǰȥüʶһ¾ʩ֮ʮ׻жôǿ󡣡ԣһȻ̻ش
Ѿȷλ֮ǰεģԷûԭֳôġ
˴ʱ˿̣ڶʳߣʮѾˣѾԷʩϵ֮УԼ²ȥҲûʲôá
֪ʮǿ󣡡ӦϵЦݱøӲˡ
ǵһһ¥ĸ߲㣬ݾվһλµĿⶼڳǵĴ
ȫˣȴƹǵʲôλµʵǳı䣬˿ûվŵģһλˡ
ΪҲǵһοҡҡͷش
ԣüͷ΢΢ǰһһ⣬ųȥ
״ҲæϣУٴϵ˹У֪һϸϾܼȴϸ˵
ݱ߽紦ҶѪɳ´򿪣ʳǰ磬ʿǳĸǣЩ³Ȼǲض˵
Īӿеսƣڱ֮󣬽һʱսƶᷢãԼܷһʱʱУ÷ӵͳһ⡣
оٶȿһЩʱӦùˣĪ
ڸոΪλƷ飬սƣǲһ˷ѣѾˣȥ棬Īһ㶼Լһ˷ѡ
նɱλƷȻҶ꣬ǵõôģȴĪӡ
λƷе汦ĪڶԷأĪӵûз֣ӦǷŵԼУĪҲܹõܹõ汦Ѿ㹻ϲˡ
汦һߵƷ⻹Ϊ֮ǰһԭӦһŰ˵Ʒ
ĪӵõĵһƷѪɳУƾ汦λƷҲûô䣬Եõ汦ĪѾռ˴ˡ
ʳѸǰ·оٶȷɿ죬Ҷƺ֮ǰֱɱݺ󷽣ʰ˵ڶʳλԳԽĹ𢡣
ĪҲֵôоԼϵսƻڷãоٶȿ죬ԼҲܳһЩ
ǰУɫѪɷӳʣޱȣͬʱʮҲͬڷٶ߼ľڷɿ
мλãдŲĴͣڴ˴߷ٿĺϼֻͷĺ֪³ɹĹؼһսϾҪʼˡ
һɽ紵Źе΢һЩ죬ͬʱҲ˵ϵĳӪһִսɱ֮С
ͻȻ֮䣬£ڹеǰˣɫ΢΢ͣûж˴кΪصͬʱ֧оٶͬʱƺо˶ԷڲԶ
µӰȻλ̫һڵĽ޺ˣ֮Ҳע⵽˼ٿͬûжԹдкֻĵߵ˹еߡ
Ƭ̹֮˹ڵλá
ĪӿŻʳ棬Щĺڼף̫࣬Իʳ˿ηľӣоЩϢǳĹ졣
ÿһݶǳƽֿҵĸôԶĪӶĸоԼ֮䣬Īӻܹоƽ£һŤݡ
վ֧󷽵ϿѾߵĻʳתͷߵĹ˵ϣ׼һҵڶʳʿɣɱ
һ䣬ʮڼ׵ʿԱȫѹǵʳȻȷ˳档
ǰһ̣֧ʮ˵ĴΧѸٵľһ㰵ɫоѪɷȴЩǶǣ񻹲һЩĶ
ɱ
ʳߣԳ֧ӣȷһս𣬶֧ȻЩ⣬ʳڶ࣬ռűƣȻηǰһˡ
Żʳһս𣬴ǰӲıףȻһεЯţų֧Ӷȥ
գ֮䣬ʯͽֻ֧ʮ˵ľûţɫѪɷƿЩʯŻʳٶȱøˡ
ʱ򣬺󷽵չеĴͼһ˲䣬ֻʮ˵ĴɢĺøŨԼ֮һȺĿĹȣЩʿϡ
ɱ
㱻ǰһĻһ£ڻʳߣѾ嵽ǰʮǺõķ˳档
Ѫɷǰͷһѳ״ֱӽƷ֧ͣʮ˵Ĵײһ
֧潻棬ͷɫѪɷЩɫĹѪɷһ𣬵ȴμһײڶĺɱҽ֮⣬ԼһЩЩ
̶̼ʮʱ֮Ȼֹͣˣһز֫ϱۣмǵзʿѪ
ĪӿЩڼ׵Ĺʿղһ󽻷棬ʮһѾ˳룬ʣµѾ޼
ԶۿŹе˿һĻɫҲǳѿǵȴõսʤ֮ǰȫһЦˡ
һ̣սЩʬͻȻһӰűǽӶվһӰȫЩڼ׵Ĺʿ
վͬʱԭϵҲѸٵ޸Ͽ׺еıҲѸٵ޸վЩˣϵϢһ˲ͱøǿˣﵽ񾳽ĳ̶ȡ
ɱ
վЩʿԥľͶŻʳٴη˹һΣ֮ǰͬ·ľȻǻʳ
ЩվϢﵽ񾳽ʿÿһӳʵȻûĿµ񾳽磬ʵҲԶͻȻʵˣʳȻһʱ֮·硣
һεĽ󣬳˻ʳʧĸһЩ֮⣬Щصĵоȫӵվһ֮ϵϢҲ񾳽硣
⣡վں󷽵ĹʱҲЩȵ˵ˣʮ񾳽ʵĴܹһɶôµ
һεĴܳŸոտʼϼŰɣϴһĨ̬ĺΣĿɿڴĹ˵


ٶʮ 
Щʿ䣬׻ǲˣ
ʮڶʳı֣һ߹ۿĺ棬Ŀת˹УһЩơ
ܹʹѪɷԵȻˣʣкԥĿڻشʱʮѾϣҲֻش
еشӦ棬γҲڰοԼ
ԣĿ˹һۣȻĿתصս
ͬ⣬ҲĪɻģǰʮоɢǹɺǹǶǣʹõѪɷһǶǡ
ǰɫѪɷҲȷѪɷֻ֪š
ʳе佫ҲͬɻǻǵһμѪɷҲһμ֮ʵľӡ
˵һֶΣѪɷĳ£ᱻֱӳɢǰֶ֧ʲôϵĺʲô
ڳ˵ڶʣʮǱϣȻûи˼Щʱ䣬ٿʮٴη˽
ղεĶཻ̱һλʳѹԵƣڶ·磬һȫıԷѹˡ
սİɫѪɷѸٵѹĳɫѪɷʳǰѸٵܣЩʵ佫Ҳ޷Ķ̱֮гסơ
εĶ̱Īӿ˴ʬ壬һΣЩʬڻʳߣʮʬǳ١
Щǳٵʬ壬֮ѸٵվǰһϵѸٵĻָϢҲٵıǡ
Īע⵽֮ʮĴѾһΣϵϢȫﵽ൱񾳽ĳ̶ȡ
ȫһεǣȫվһɢĺȴŨˣÿһ˰ĳɱ䣬Ҫչ¶ȫµݡ
֧ϣеġͼգһֵֻĹѧҲУɢ͵Ĺâ
ͼգѸٵĻһڱ˰յľ޴󻭾մһЩڱŵĴٴΰ
Ī̧ͷĿǷȵŤݣ·˵֮е޳һ档
Īϵ˻͵ǷͼǰȣǷЩаġͼˡ
ɱ
һսԻʳߡ֧Ĺ죬ʳѾˣڶ֧ľƺĳɱ䣬ʳɹ
һս𣬻ʳϷŨѪɷ۳һѷľ޴󳤵ԥǰն
Ѫɷ۳ɵľ޴󳤵ûʲôһն£ǱɨЩʿ䣬ȫնΣɽţѸٵĻָ
龰ҶĿеġͼѪɷɵľ޴󳤵˲任Ŀ꣬նǷͼ
һΣȴûܹ¡
ת˹Ŀ֮Щŵʿ䣬Ũĺ˲䱩ǣĺһڴϿ۳һŤĹŴҧסµѪɷ
ȻŤĹžͱпеġͼȴʱ˻ȥ
ղžʮʱŲǰϺİ£ͷ·Ǵڤ߳׼˶ɡ
һ̣ʮںİзٵǰδͻʳӴϵЩǻУһڵУɵ˻ʳǰ
ʮĹʳΧѪɷѸٵ۳һݣЩ
ɽţʮĴѾ嵽˽ǰʮ൱񾳽ս񱩵˺Ѫɷɵıݣٴκͻʳչ˶̱ӡ
ʳǰ佫˿ȫʩչ˾ֻ֮Ĵֻ˲ֿ֮
ʩչ֮Ļʳ佫׵ľˣʵҲ˲䱩ǣблӶ֮䣬һĵնɱ
Χսˣо֮еҶ꣬󷽵ĪӣһԵĹеˣȫע⵽ЩնɱĹʿ䣬նأҲָܺܿ
Ѳɣ֧ǲģߵԽ𢿴Щϸʿ
ʳߣҶ꿴սľƣѾΪѹˡ
սһҶ겻ʲôǲģеĻǾλ컯棬λ컯Ҳ˵ԼԲԲֻһʱûҵնɱİ취ѡ
Ȼмһ㣬ɰڵľƣҲûʱҶҵնɱЩʿİ취
չȥʳߵԽԽ̫࣬ʹһսʤˣնڻʳҲвСӰ죬Щսʿ뷷⣬һСĸ
ڴˣҶһʱ뷨Ҫ֧ĵϸҵǵİ취֮ս
ҶҪһʱܹߣѾɱʮȫҪ̱֮ˣֻҪϵס
Щʹ˾ڴĻʳ佫ĲϽ£ҲŲ˶á
ҶƺϤϵ˼Ŀ⿴˴󷽵ĪӣĪӲ֮ǰոռսƣʱһʱܷ˳ˣܾҪλĪˡ
ҶĴĪɫһԵ˵ǣ׼ˣһȳݱ߽ȥ
һ˵꣬ĪһīȳУһ⣬ա
ڷɵڽս֮Īеīȱ׳һɫĹâһء
һ޴ĺī䵽ս룬ĪӵӰҲ£˲䣬ΪģһƬӰľ󣬱սϡ
ͬʱҶѸٵĺ󳷣ЩʩչѾеǳƣĻʳ佫Ѹٵս
׼֮ǰҶ껹ͷһսĪӣֻƬԭսĵطѾһƬ΢Žأ;ۣһȥȻм˳е
ƬУЩɢźԵùʿ䣬ͱ÷ˡ
ܿ죬Ƭľ¶µɱҶͻ׷ɣˮ֮Уϸ˿ˮЩɢźĹʿ乥ȥ
Ҷͻ꣬һϸ˿ˮߣƬľ֮ݺύգ֮䣬ЩðźĹʿ䣬ͬոһ㣬ƬƬĵء
һĻҶŷ˱֣ĪڰǶϺ֮ҲܹȻ


ٶʮ ľɾ

ͻȻսĪӣһĨ֮ɫĪкӡ󣬱ϾԼ֮ǰ˻֮⣬ΨһӴ˾Īӡ
մԼȥģҲĪôһͨͨɢޣΪУһЩĪӵϢû뵽ȻĪӡ
˿Ӱ죬¾Īӣϵɫһ
Ĳһ࣬ҪЩʳĴ£ǵʬǣ춨ȫϣΪһɢޣ˻ʳĴ
뵽һ߽еġͼٴһ߶һսĹе˴ϣܹסʳ
ߣӵϵĴĿ΢΢һ£оȻһ˿ԥΪϸղ˵ƺ΢һЩ仯
ʵϸ΢仯ҪǻƲָоɹѾһЩɣԲرС
ԥͷת֮䣬лǾ˵Ͼʳĸٴҵؼģ֧ʳǶĻʳһֳصĴ
׼жһ̣ɫͻȻ䣬ΪͻȻյϢبݡݡѩı߽磬ͬһʱơ
ټѧɣңʳʿˣոյϢبݡݡѩ֮ԱƣΪټѧɡҡԼʳʿֱ棬ͬʱ͹ǿйݱ߽磬ڿݶ
ݣҲ֪·սʮ֧ܲŵסϾʮȻɿսƺûеƥеĳ̶ȡ
һƬӰ֮Уϸˮߣĵһ㣬ϽЩʿ˺ѣɱնɱЩʿ䣬ָֻܿͶսУȻٴαЩˮ߽ɱظ̡
ѵָʽûκδ𣿡ĪӲϵĽɱЩʿ䣬뵽
ڽɱЩʿͬʱĪӻϸĹ۲Щʿϵı仯ĪӲûκδ۵ģҪĻ֧ٶһЩ̫ˡ
̶̵ʱڣĪѾеһЩʿնɱΣʼûзκεļͺ˵ûκδһ㡣
ĹֶΣĪͷһתľԪƮڰУ·£һЩʿ䣬ǵٵľ·һľʵĵ񣬶Ӳԭء
ãһĻĪжʱһϲ߶ľԪ飬һЩʿ仯һľʵĵ
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ЩѾľʵʿ䣬³˵ɢ˱ľʸУٴλָ
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Īϵսһ΢⣬һϤС
ʳѹݣ˵ػϣƬ̣ӵִ¸ɹ֮ʦǧڣһƷĻᣡ
ĪҪ˵뷨˲Щҡˣɹ֮ȻôҪĪӵȷҪһΪƷĻᣬ͸ĪĶˡ
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ģⲻףǾƴһѣĪͷһϵϢ̱ǣԭֻʱϺȴҪġ
СͨķΧڣЩϸܵˮߣٴοҵ趯һζЩʮɱûиղôˣȻܹвǡ
Ī΢΢һеīȲ˵棬һȦɫĹΣ̽ŵɢ֮һÿôεض
ڵԪ«Īӵͷ«ڴ򿪣΢΢£խСĺ«֮У˿ȴ罭Ӿһ㣬ˮӿĪӵ߻ۣһС͵ĺ
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̺ŴȪˮĪԪ«ɹ֮עһˮȡȪ̺طܹõȻǷǳģôȴǳĶࡣ
ĪӲٿЩȪˮڸղԼٻЩϣЩˮ뵽ЩУпٵʩ
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Ǹվں֮ϣͷں«ҫ˻ˣɢǿϢ꣬涼һ˿ͶԷԽĳ嶯
֪ԼӦʱŶԷŶԷֶαãȵһս֮󣬾ǰ֮ʱ


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ЩӴͶĹʿչɱĪа
ЩȻӴһˮĤȽϼӲɱϾܷӳʵֻ꾳ѣԵĶ֣һȺĴڣЩ֮ԿЩ
ţĪӿٴӴóʮöɢӣīȵΧ߶īȣɢһ֮ʮö֮С
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зãĪٴʩչľԱĵһסʮľ
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ÿһľɢϢ˴żڳս֮Ǽյʱܹסϵй֦ɻ֮̽ǵЩɳȥ
ʮľɵ룬һߵľ΢һ㣬ĪٳʧٶһЩֿܹʱˡ

Īĺһ˴ͷԪ«ٵУͷһڵȪˮͬʱתٵĻָڵ
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ҪԸĶǻʳĪɢޣҶĴѾҪĿӰˣǱҲ֪ΪΣûмʱȥٲĪӣǻʳľˡ
˴ٴζԹдͷе³ֶԸˣǰȥ׷ʳ
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ȻûնɱĪӵģĪһսҲһսʤĿܡ
͵׼ǰ̤һʱȴоһɭĽ⣬ӺɢεԼϡ
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һʱϿŶվˮϣڿٻָĪӣɱ˿Ρ
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Īӻһ䣬ӿǰĴ˲ͣסˣȻѸٵһ麮͸ǿ麮Կʮȫ˺֮ڡ


ٶʮ Χ
ɭɭΪˮ۳ľ޴飬Χ¶ҲȻ֮併͡
Խ𺳵Ŀǰ޴ı飬׼ȷ˵Ӧ֮ΪűеʮղŲٶڱ֮бܻҪӰ
˳Ŀ䵽Ǹɲϻˮеķûɿϣ𢾹Ȼһ˿η塣
ûмߣǰЩԪɣоҲֻǸĪ⣬ǰ꣬оȴǶ𺳡
һеģǶڵڶʳٴҵĶҡ
վڹߵϣвԶĹеˣ˿ҲŷĪסˣΪĪչ¶ûܹ
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ո۳ɲõıЩ룬һҲ֮飬һɢı
ڶʳĲǵƵģȻܲ򵥣˱ʮĪпЦһ
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ЩֳĪӾˮһܹɱǣǹˮһԡ
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ϾĪʣѾˣȻŬĻָЩɻʱȵĻָοһԵĹеˣĪҲһֱŵġ
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һ֮䣬ĪߵһʣˮȫĪ˳ȥٴΧһƬĲ֮п񱩵ǳ֮ɢֽĲնɱһΡ
ĪڵȫתΧˮٴλ۵ߣΧһ׵ľ޴ˮĪӵĲ£ʼսĳײΧЩ䡣


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ʳĴյϢ֮ҶȷϢα̴ŴأȻصղսġ
Ҷлţ·ϻ᲻Īһ·ҪսûмĪӵӰǸźԶͿǱ߰ɫѪɷвЩģĪǷûܹս
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ԣûлشĻֶֻһУƮеġͼٵٻ֡
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ߣĦõӣڱ䵽ϣȻöӣ䵽̵Ĺؼ㣬֡
Ѿ֣վĿɨһ۷еǷȻ߳˹
֮öӣȻⳡ֮˴ãڶʳĲھⳡʧ֮òˣӽ󣬿ҲûҪʱ
ȵٹգ֮еķ֮˳ʳһоͻָˡ
ĺõͣߵͬ£ѵõ׼ȥʹ԰ͻɢġ
ʹе԰ʵûжôݻһЩ̫󣬵ȴǳĻľڹߵľĴ£ľɫҲǳƯ
ഫǰʱʵ԰֮УŸ滨ݣܶ඼֮ʹе԰ֻԵأҪΪ䣬˻ʲҪȥ׷֮硣
Ҳ̫׷־֮˵԰־Ѿ㹻ˣҲʱɢɢĶѡ
͹԰֮еĲľʱͻȻо״΢΢һ飬ͺǱ֮ﶣҧһ¡
ûеӦ֮һĨ⣬â֮һֻŹֵĳ䵽˵ϣѾһƬڡ
ͬһʱ̣һֱڰб˻ʵļ˲͵ǰֻѾһڵСС棬һɵɫ䡣
һ̣԰֮һһӰͻȻҽһȼһ棬˲䵹ػ˷ɻҡ
һз̫죬ͻûзӦһƺˣͻȻ˼׼ѯʣͻȻоһͷĿѣɵȥ
ͬһʱ̣ڷݵĪӺͬʱͣΪͷʳķ֮ٴ˳ɫٴαЩ
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ʱ֮󣬻ʹ֮У˻Ѿ˹ֻǻڴϣ΢΢ЩĴߣҽҵĸ֡
ͿվߵҽҸ֣΢΢һЩӣȻ󿪿˵˿̷ֻ֮Ҷˣܷ߹£֮ǰʲô㣬кκ󻼡
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ȵҽҵλ뿪֮ԭ𱣻˻͵ļ͵ǰˢˢڵء
ȱ²𷣣
⼸ͲûֱӶκδãǿʵ徭
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ʳˣһεĻشĿ΢΢һУ˰죬Ŀٴת⼸ϡ
һĹǣ²ϣһΡ
л˻ʱ£
ԣȫǴϲǶû뵽Լһη©Ȼᱻˡ
ȵ뿪ֱ֮һЩĿ⣬ĿڵϣӣѾʧܣõĺ֣ȻָһΣ


ʮ ˿ѩ
Īһ뿪Ӱصʱ䲢ʵҲʮѣ˵ѵɼӣûüɣһоѾˡ
ǸĪһƽɽ»ָ˵ôһ㡣
»صɽһ̤÷ۣھʸ⣬ȥȥһ·ЩʲôȤ顣
߶߶ڣҲûаᷳһߣһԼһ·ľ
ǺˣĪ΢΢Цһ£Ȼ󻺲ߵ÷£÷µϣͷïܵҶ˲о
ı˫ۣĪӿʼܴ˿̵İһֱɫ֮ʱȥһɽ÷ã÷һ㣬˳㽫Լһеľ򵥵һ£ʳŵıꡣ
ЩûбҪ÷෴һЩ÷Ҳи׼
ʱһۣ͵˼֮⼸ʱУ÷۵һÿΣ֮Īճ̵ڡ
磬⼸ʱ䷢ͣڻʳ͵ڶʳⳡĿԼصĸϢѾˡ
ⳡĽĻʳʤգⳡ֮󣬵ڶʳ˼һӱɨƽõĴҪôսˣҪô˻ʳķ²ٴҵʹ˻ΪӰ
ⳡϢĪӵ֣Ҳ֮ٴαֻһΣΪѪĺĺ󱲵ݣӲʵ
ּľɾһſգһ֮һսκ˲Ŀ
رһЩߣⳡսȥ˵ʱս֮Ƭԭսھһ֮ѾγһƬСĺΧԭĵò׷˸ı䣬һսս֮ҡ
ĸϢ÷зĪһֱ˻ص÷ĵʮңյһ԰ټѧõϢ˽ⳡսβ
ʳѺŷ²ĲоǰŸոջصʳ񶼣֧ʣµĲоڻʳûз䣬ֻʱѺƺпܽı߽磬ı߽罫
ټѧǱߣ²һЩѧɵѧӣƺ뽫Щ˱ΪЩԭѧϴԵͨգЩѧɵѧӽ
ǵʣµЩѧѧ࣬Իаټѧѧһɣ֮ܳһʱ䣬ѧɵĴУҪܵټѧɹͬලǰټѧ֮еĵ¼ҡ
ϢʱĪ֮еĸоԲµҪ¹ѧɵģ²ǰټѧɣ˻͡
Ϊѧɵѧ˵ǵӦÿ쵼ϲˣ᲻ѧ˵ʧ
ͬڶʳһ㣬ǣѧ֮ǰͲˡ
˵ѧɣǵƻĪӵУʶ֮ĪӴԲｻȥ
յǿǶĸЧȴǳ֮ʱƹâУ·ĺһƣȻԼ֮һǰ·á
ټҵ֮ߵ֮һЩһ㲻֮ͬ⣬ѧ˵ͺյ֮УĪӾܸ̺ܵĹѧɵѧ˵
ĪеĲǰټ֮Ҳûа취ȫӳҲûа취еĹЧѾˡ
պѧɻڣҪĪӭĪҲύȥġ
˹ѧɣЩоϢټѧôһϢǹϵġ
Ϣ֮Уʳ׼ϱĻʵѸ£Ȼڶʳµ鳹׵ĶΪı
ڶʳͳ˰ڲİףӽҲûվͳλϣʳͳεʱ
ЩϢĪ˽󣬱㲻ټעˣΪĲߣ԰ټѧöصϢһʱķǳ
һ֮󣬰Żʳķ֮ٴΰ֣֮»ص˻ʳƿУʳҲعյתģʽ
ڷָ֮ƿ֮ĵһʱ䣬ʳͰ֮ǰټѧôϢ˵ϵѸ壬һͻʳЩ۵̫һڣһҲĵĺͻʳһ֤ͬʵʵԡ
֮£徳һͬ飬İնٴʹ
ֹ˰£˻ͻȻһμ룬Ķͣаڶʳλ˻ʣԼΪ׵佫ܳ
÷УĪһ򣬱ЩЦá
ǰãʳ͹ı꣬˳ŵĪӵĶɹ֮⣬вٵĺöܶ඼ĪҪģΨһĪӸоģеöˡ
ľԪļ֮˻ʣͳһҲһ֣ϧⶫòĪ
֮м¼ݣҪֽƵֶΣûƷ֮ļ֮Ƽˣûоı
ֽƵļֶΣĪͨ첻⽫䶴Ϥˣûʲôá
΢΢ҡҡͷĪӽöȻʼرǶɹ֮ɺĽأ
徳ڲ֪ݾڴߣ˫ĿŴ⣬Ȼûб飬ȴ˸еһ˿֮С
ԭϵۣѾָˣϾʣΪ֣֫˵Ǻܼ򵥵ġ
һŲ𣬹еӰ˽ûκηӦвɵ΢΢üͷ
Ҫˣȥϣеڷ
ԣĿ⿴ŴعȻ󻺻վ΢΢ͷС˵ȥʰһ£
ˣ㻹ɣĻ΢΢ҡҡͷȻƽ˵
ԭĽŲ΢΢һ٣ʹŵͷҲ̧ŹУдһŵɫڵ㣬ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ʳĸٴҵûϣˣ׼ͻԪɣȻȥ׷Ѱȥ˼ɣصߣҲԸҪ㣬Ҳġпƽ˵Ļȴޱȵˡ
еĻ˴վԭأֻоˡһ˲һƬհס
ӣҲûᣬת˳ȥ
ȵ뿪ֹ֮˺һӣϵϢͻȻ÷ǳңȻĿٴһѪ񱩵ɢڵĹ׵Ĵݻ١
ʱȴѹˣĿ⿴ΧĲԫϱڣ΢΢¶һԳЦݣỬ䡣

Ц֮дѹֵĿǻַ·һֶԼԳһԼĺ⡣
Ц֮УԭһͷںĳѸٵıһͷ׷Ǿݣôۡ


ʮ ͻ
ֶ֮Ȼ򵥣÷µϣĪа̾һ
ʱĪӶڷֶ֮Ѿ͸ˣ֮ǰ˼·һνķֶ֮ȷӳֽ٣ǿʵķɾͲô򵥵ġ
֮ⷨУǣԪˣʩչķţۿһ㶼СӳֵʱҲϵ̫ҲӦıøǿ
ʱĪͻȻ˵½ףԷӶɹ硢֣ٵʧܣмʱɲ̣һĪӾЩ½Ϊʲôʧˡ
˽˷ֶ֮ķţܹ߶ɹֵĳɹʣĪҲзʹַŵô
ǾǶɹÿһֽ֮ʵСԽᣬһļǿ̡
ɹ֮󣬽׵ԪһҲĻᡣ
кͺˣƺҲᣬŬʵĪӾ֪ԼӦѡˣҲǳԼڶ֮ǰõֵֶķš
ף
˼ţĪͻȻоɽϵʼźɽۣǺɽڵ֮
֮ǰ˽ѧϰڣȥ˺ɽ֮˵÷Ʋˣһȥ۵ĳ̶ȣΪͻƵ
ѸٵվĪһ˺ɽ֮Уŵһ˱Ƕľ㣬ȻͿվһԵǣڵϵڡ
ĪӵǺ´ŵڣֱӴĪ˵һ
ʦܸո÷ζҩЧЩʦܾЩԾೢ˼֮ҩžһɢͱŵˣָպõΪͻƵʱ򣬾˳׼ͻƽ꾳磡
ĪԣЩĿһڵϵڣһȻףԼľƣܰԼŵҲû˭ˡ
ϵϢȲʱûʲô󰭡
ʵ֮ǰڵĻ۾ѾˣֻΪĪӵҪ󣬲ӼĥΪͻƣҲʮþȵ顣
ΧĻۣڵߣĳһЩ˰Χɢܿͽڱơ
ЩĪӺǶûʲôӰ죬˵ȫԴ͸ڣעϢı仯
Ƭ̹֮ϵϢƺһٽ㣬ʱֹͣΧȴڲڹע
Լһʱ䣬ŷڵһӿϵϢȻͻٽ㣬Ѹٵﵽ꾳ĲΡ
ˣĪӺǶһۣ֪Ѿؼһɱ䣬ȫûʲôõĵˡ
Ȼֹһ֮еɢһʶڵ̽ΧĪӺתһȦ֮̽ȥ
ĪӺ˶оڵʶҲûдţϾͻ꾳ʱҲ̲סʶ̽ȥ۲ΧһС
֮ջԼʶ󻺻˫ۣͬʱ˵þư
Ϊͻ֮˵ĵһ仰ȻĪӺǶһǶڵԸҲѾϰˡ
þˣȥΪɣĪӿ˵
ԣվĪӺһȻЦ˳ȥ
ܳȥ֮Īӿŵϵľ̳һ֮䣬ٿһžˮƮԼǰ΢΢Ʒһ¡
ڸ𣬾ζ㣬ҩЧرºͣ븹ԼĪʮ֮һɲŰžӿ߼һ𣬸˴һ˲΢֮С
ȻĪӵ˵ͷ֮ϵȷЩ츳ƾʱλǰĽ̵ƿڸкЧڲϵ
ϧĪⷽ沢ûʲôоʲôָһֻԼȥˡ
ȵΪ֮󣬾ͿԷȥˣһͿҪͲס˰ɣƷƣĪͬʱ뵽
ںǲͬԸ񣬼ĵעܺúõĴһطֻеΪһΣŻİʵʵĴɽ
ֹһʱ䣬ڵΪѾˣϵ֮ĪӽڽеԼߡ
ǰڣĪӻܹոɽ֮ʱӣʱȻҪһ㣬Ҳֻʮѣʱȥˣڵݱȵ࣬ҲʱһЩ
ʦ˼ǲ׼佱һµӣ˳ӼʲôģһµӣĪӵߣȻЦĿ˵
ƤЦڣĪҲ¶ЦݣȻ˵ͷ
ΪʦȷҪ佱һ㣡
˵ĪӵĻڷˣɪʱʦӦǸˮ˰ô컹˳Ļ˵ˡ
ʲߣԲȴû͵Щҵ£ҲǳĿ̿࣬ͻƵ꾳磬Ҳ˼Ա֮
Ī˵ѾӦµĪӽҪ˵ʲôˡ
ڣĪӼڵǷȱĻЩ඼ˣýģҲĲˣͿɽĴȥˣ
Ī˵꣬ڱ֣ҽ˰벽ȻĪӵǰĪһݴ
Ӷлʦ̵֮
Ī¶һ˿ЦݣȻڷ𣬸Ҫ˵Ϳ¶Сı飬Ȼ˵ʦӾҪѧĻкܶడòӵ̫ˣԹҸɰҸɽȥ徲һʱɣ
仰Ȼ֪һڿЦĪӻ̲סͷһѣϵЦҲͬʱ
ȻɽͺúõɽϣΪʦٺúõĽ̵һ㡣
ʦӸ˼ҿЦˣӸոͻ꾳磬ʦ˼һûӵСͨأʦָһ£ĪӵĻڸæģȻתƻ⣬˵ԼСͨ
˵СͨĪӻЩ棬ڻСͨ
ĪӵĿע£ںٺһЦϷɳһţʮҵĵط۳˺һģһһӰֻãһ֪ˡ
һ̣ĪĿͻȻ΢΢һΪǰڣͻȻ֮õǸԭʮ׵ǸӰͻȻڡ
ʦǵӵСͨһƻȻ˲õӵƻڵλáһ˿ĶĪ˵
ԴﵽԶƻֻһ𣿡ĪӼʵ
ֻڰ֮ڣƻʱҲֻ۳һߣԺΪˣȻﵽԶƻҲһ۳࣬ʱûܹץסҡڻش
ĪӿͻȻٴЦԭΪʦΣգ׼㼸ģȻСͨΪʦͷˡ
һ˵꣬Īתߣֻ±ЩıϣȻĪȥͬʱк
ʦʦʵģԱˣǰѶ


ʮ հ׻Ѷ
ΪͻƵ꾳̤֮һ֮ãʱ֮УĪָ˲ٵĶ꾳зǳǿֶΣӦעĸ
ֱɽһ̣ĪӲŽԭ׼ҪķʱھϲĽӹȻϲصľˣͺĪӷһ㡣
뿪֮ɽʣĪӺǣʱһ˲١
һڵĵӣȻʱҪʰһ٣ͻȻһˣһʱ֮˸еЩӦ
÷۱÷ǳɽϵĪӺǣڳÿϵ֮⣬ƽʱҲǸżǻһЩĵطĪӣʱҲĪӶš
ʱһתۣǳʳǰѾʱ䣬ʱУʳҲ˲ٵĴ£ٴξ뷷⣬ǿԺݵפŬҪջغݵʧѡµ˲ţλʳصҪԱڲȲƽ
ЩϢټѧöʱ͹Īӿʳĸ־ٴ룬Ҳɵþã˻ʣĻǱȽϳְġ
ĪӸеȤǣżһΰټѧϢУȻ˺йصϢ
ڵԸǽȻַͬǳѵӣɽеЩ꣬ԸѾ˲٣ǰְֵԸȴжĸı䡣
޵ģĪҲǿıʲôֱģѹ֣ݣȻЩ̫飬Ϳˡ
뿪ɽ֮ˣ־꣬˶ܡ
ټѧôڵϢһȤţ鷢ݾڣڴʮ꾳ɢޣ׷һ񾳽ʿƺΪȺ꾳ʿ֮еһλһ
ȻֳĶ֮󻹲СһȺ꾳ɢޣλ񾳽ʿ֮أλ񾳽ʿúõʰһ٣λ񾳽ʿѳ棬½Ͳʰһôˡ
֮ȤŻ͵ĪΪλ񾳽ʿѸϵڰĪӵţϢˡ
÷£ĪϣǰɫεľԪ黺Ư汻һ̹⸲ǣһĲϳľԪı棬Ȼ뵽֮ڣʼµı
Īӵһֽʵ鼮һ߷ţͬʱ쵽÷ϣʹ÷ţ÷ĵ̡
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӺǼͬʱĿɽ£Ϊ˶о˽ɽķΧɽ
ڼľԪĪתͷǷԸп˵ȥ׼ˮ
Ǻе飬ĵ˵ͷתȥ׼ˮˣĪҲվ÷ǰȺ
һĪӾͿˣ˳ɽϵʯףɽǰģĪӷǳϤܲ΢ĪҲʶͬհߵˡ
÷ߵˣҲͬվ÷ſڵĪӣ̼ӿ˲ߵĪӵǰ
ĪҶ˷֮ǰţܲ¶ЦݣĪЦŴ˸к
ܲ˵ﻰҸ˻֮˵ĪҲЦŻһ䣬ͬʱܰߵ˵ͷ˸к
ܲ˽÷У˴ϲˮȻ˼䡣
ܲǰĪӣϤ÷ۣиоһꡣ
˵ʱʵǴҷǳеĶĪܲȴһʱŵĴ
ǸҪԼֵССɢޣһμʱ򣬾оΪȣټݾ˿ûм٣ΪȼǰĪӻڲϵĽѾɢ֮ĸ֣ʵѾԽԼ
˿ûΪЩ̬Ⱦͷκα仯Īӣܲ˵һε⡣
ܲɫһȡһݺɫȻݵĪӵǰ
һǰʵרĪģ׼Ҫˣ
հҪɻˣŵݵԼǰĪ΢Щ⣬ֽӹȻ̴򿪿
ȲҪ֪հ׳׵Ķ˭᲻ǵľŹ衣
֮Īӿϳհһ֣Ȼ΢΢һ£а̾һ
ȻսԵ޷֣
ֻϵһ֣Īڴ裬ǡ֡
ܴһʼĪӶհ׵ĸͲãվհ׺ѵĽǶϣĪҲЩϣհܹóԸԼϲһ𣬿ʵվûԸ
ӽӭȢ֮ŮԼڰ֮󣬵ص㽫ݣĪǹӺѣʱزμӣ
ܲ˵꣬վȻ˵
һҪȥطʹ˸ˣ
ҾͲܲˣĪҲվܲͳ÷ۡ
ȵܲ뿪֮ĪٴδǷĿעӵϵǸ֣΢΢̾Ϣһ
ĪӲ֪հʲô״̬оԲܣͬҲ֪հ׵׾ʲôЭԼϲˡ
ĪӶհ׵˽⣬հȻŹӣͶ֮䣬Ѿǿ˹֮Уʱ򣬸˵ĸо񡣿հȴǼΪǿ϶飬˺Ѹı䣬Լ
ԸЭ¶հ˵һЩʹѡ
еĪɽվһȻʼհ״飬ԼѣӦһʲôˡ
ԾһĪͳ̫ᣬһҪ⣬ɾЩˡ
˼ĪӺúõķ˷ԼңʵûҵʵĶվԼһΪհ׳ɻ
֮ģЩų⣬ΪǣⶼŮ˫Ҫ׼ĶλйصģӦĳ׼
һ˵˵ĳԽ࣬ҪԼ׼ĶԽ٣ϺĴ壬λ׼ĶȫᱻǰԲ
ǵʵȽСʱڣʱʵСѷŮʻ䣬Ӧþлʱ˫ĳͻ׼һõõĶնƴգλ˳ɻ顣
ǿϰҲ̶ĳɻ֮
Īϸ˼֮ʵû뵽͸λرͻԼԱΣһòӦõõܹԼף
ķĪӲٵѪѡ˸ʺϵĲϣղƶɣٽĳ̶֮ǱѾ˾ͷûа취ˡ
Ϊһ˵ĪӺķѵĲϣֻƳһǱĪҪĽ˵ȴǳ
Ϊ׼Īӻ˲ٵʱ䣬ۿհ׳ɻֻʣһңĪӱǿңһ˶ǰݡ


ʮ ҹ̸
ݣǽϼ֮һ֮أȻûڻʳͳ֮⣬﷽棬ҲԽΪ
ʵƬأʼҲǽϣΪڵڶʳͳһ֮ԭҲһ֮·ŴҲܽԭĹϣԾͽǨݡ
ŵڶʳͳΣҲݾӪ꣬ѾӦƬµĵط͵ûж
ŽˣݹŽĸǰĪ̧ͷųǽгſڴϢˣ˵
һ·ݾݡݵȵأüʱ䣬ĪڸϵݣڵĹŽ
ոտţĪӻûüŽķ⣬᱾صķ飬ʿĪ˹ĪӴԼʮҵʱ򣬶Īһ˵
ʿӸӰ÷۵Ī
˵ĻĪ´һˣͨʿ磬ϵΪ൱ߵ񾳽硣
Ī΢΢˵ͷѾµӦǽϵˡ
ȻڿĪӵͷ֮˻һۣȻĪЦҶǽϼҳ˵ȴλıͣûʲô鴦ɣ
ãͷλˣĪӴӦһ˵󣬱ǰ˽ʽפء
ϵĸ֮ۡĪһȥۡռȫһĸǴС˵Žĸǣһǽϵĸۡ
ĪӸλʿ븮ۡУ̾ǰӭӣһλһЩߣͬаټ֮Ϊ൱ڴ磬һɲŭƣһǾþλڽӦвСȨ
ƣĪĪѾȥ֪ͨհˣкĪӣһһ˵
Ī֣ʵİϾһЩֳ£Īӿǰ˲ٵæ
Ϊհ׵ѣĪЩҲûжԽʲôֵҪ󣬷Ϊϴε£ϲǷһհ׺ĪӵĹϵϵ˶ĪӺкøС
ĪҲɢ֮ĸ֣ʵѾˡ
ͷǰˣĪ΢Ц˵
Ƶߣһ·һ·ƸĪӽ˲ٽڲľۣԵݻȷǳľ˸оһݵ̵ĳ
ڻûãհ׵Ӱ˽Īӣհ΢ЦŴ˸к
Ī֣
Īվհ΢ЦŻһ񣬡Ǳһаãֻû뵽ϴһ֮꣬Ȼյֵϲ
Ī˵ʱʵҲڴհס⼸겻հ΢΢һЩ仯ǰֳһ㣬ǰǰ㣬ֻƺһЩ֮ɫ
ĪհǺѣհ״Īȥһ£ʱȥæˡհ׵վĪ˵
ǰȥĪЦŻ
ʣհ׺ĪˣʱհϵЦݽĪӵ£Լһ裬ȻĬ
ĪѵǰհҲԼԼ󷽷ı¶˳
˵˵ɣôһ£հ׵ӣĪҲûκ⣬еĲ豭ʵ
ҵ뺣ˣĪӵʻհŻĿ˵
Īûв죬ȴհ׵ġ
ԴһΣҴӻʳ񶼻صݣͲٲ뺣սˣֻǸ֮ǰҽӵʳ֮ҵݣҲ֪ǾŹ˻ʣ˻ʱ²ľհƺҵߵĶ󣬿ʼĪ˵
ĪһеĲ裬Ȼ󰲾ĵһڣհ׵Ľ
ȥ˾Źûңȴ˸һšհ׻˵ͻȻͣˣ¶һ˿ЦݣĪҡҡͷ˵
ĪָոյҾͶĪ˵ЩʵЩ̫ãȴĪȥһ°ɣ
ĪӸյհ˵ŵݣȴȵôһ䣬հСȤζַˣθڣʵӦհײ˵ŵݡ
Īӿ¶ЦݵհףҲû׷ʣ͸հ׵һ߳˻һȥס֮հ׵Ĵ£ʼڽϵĸۡ
һֱҹհ׸ĪӰŵСԺУɫ֮£ΧһƬףٴ
Իʳ֮û뵽û꣬ĪѾɢ֮ĸˣϵɢһλ֮棬Īִʲôʱ÷ĳΪһСţհ׿£ĿûתôĶĪ˵
»ٵЩ꣬ϾҪΪһСţɲһ˵ʵǿͿԣµӲǹؼĪҲͬе£ڻش
÷ھΪһСţʵҲûʲô⣬Ī֮⣬ǺˣҲĳɳˣرǣΪѾﵽ񾳽磬ͨС֮ѾǳϵˮƽˣټһڣȻЩᣬΪСҲǹˡ
Īӻȵ÷۸һ㣬ҪһĵӣȻٿΪһСš
ĪͺãʱڴɲҪ˽ңһ뿴ĪֳΪһɿ֮ʱķɡհ׼˵
ʱһ㣡Īӻشһ䡣
˵仰֮һĬ˰죬հײ̾һջĿ⣬תͷĪ˵
Īѵûһҵ𣿡
ĪԣҲͬջĿ⣬հ׿ڵҪ㣬㲻һ˵㣬㷴ҡ
հٴЦĪ˵ȻĪ˽ҡ
˵仰֮΢΢ͣһ£Ȼٴοڡ
ǷŵݣҾͲĪˣֻ˵ŹҪǣһעòĸ飬ҷŲ£ŹȴÿҶ룬ʵҲã
ڽϣڻʼңŵĵӣ϶һΣվġ
Īհ׵ĻȻǲ֪֮巢ʲôҲܲµһЩ
һʼͲ˵ԭҪ˵ݣǽϺͻʼңߺͰټѧӵĲࡣ
һҹʱ䣬ĪӶհ죬Ҳ˺ܶĻ⣬ʼգǷŵݣհȴʼնû͸¶
֮հ뿪ĪҲоӽ󣬾հǰ;ŹĻ⡣
ȻհѾˣǳЭԭѾ˽ˣź߲ᣬЩ֮£ܹҲʱȥֱֻʣһݶµĻ׷˼
ĪϵʱȽ磬հ׵Ļʽʼаµʱ䣬ıҲ½½иϵˣϸۡбԽԽæµͬʱװ֮Ҳ˳ŷǳϲ졣
һ׼׵հʽɻһҲڶ


ʮ ᫘
ĪΪߣҲʶ˲ٵĴ棬Ĳ˵Ļ⵹ǵһΣһԼĻ
һǽϣһҲͬϣӵϲȻС
˫ڴ֮ǰΪⳡ񷢳ڶ룬ڻʼ죬ڵĹŽǸƼ
ݾڣҲһƬգٵطڿϯûнӵͨˣֻҪԸ⣬á
ĪӽմŴƽʱкܴĲͬյ͵صĴ磬ĪӵĴν൱
ʵŻǺǰһֻǰϵķ΢仯һЩΣҽֳͷ϶һڣССı仯ƽȫͬˡ
ŴôʽΪհ׵ĻĪλѣҲҪ΢һ£ȾǸհȥӭס
Ҫȥϼ֮أֻҪݵı߽ȴȻ׵Ķ飬Ὣʹݵı߽磬ȻϵĽ׶齫ס
ǣ׳հױԵ֮⣬Ҫֵܻߺѣ׶ػ£Ļ
ֻһԵ飬׵һҲΪѣһЩطͨѰռңǶѾΪֱӽ
ĪӺհһվӭ׶ǰԶһӽ̤ϼ߶ӭ׶飬鶼ǳࡣ
ϵ׶٣ڶ룬һͨɫǳϲĳϣԿ棬߶
𣬽ϵӭ׶Ҳص׼ʮλ̣ϷŸֶŮ߳飬ǰȥ
׵Ķ֮ĳϷһŰ׹⣬Ŀ׹֮һöǳµ񻷣ͬʱ׶֮Ҳ߳һЩˣ̣ͬӭ׶е˻ཻȻԻ
հתóһöͬǳµ񻷽ĪӵС
ӹհ׵ݹ񻷣ĪӴЦǰȥͬʱתڵеԼͷ׶һһŰ׹⡣
ĪһĿ׶飬ǰ߳˼ЦݵˣĪӵǰԵһ£Īӹȥժͷö񻷣ĪͷƯһ뵽ĪӵС
ö񻷣Īӱ˻صհ׵ߣ־һЩǺĶ׵ĶϳһӣٵŹŽȥ
һ·ϣ֮һ̲ͣһֱصŽеıͶѾڵȺˡ
Īӵע£հһȻ˵Уһκߵ̾͵ĺ̺ǰҲӳͬһκվհ׵ԡ
ӭ׺׵ĶУ߳һλߣλкһˣǣǰȥ
λ͵֮ǰλ˲뿪Ȼհ׺λʼⳡٵ£һʽ
ⳡıͺܶ࣬ÿһͷСĪӼţȫʾףء
ڳĸλУĪӿ̫һڵĽޣ羵ڵȴŵʿټѧɵ߲㣬кܶСŵţʳҲһλŻӣר̴˻ǰףء
ڳôıͣĪֻǴɨһۣȻĿհ׵ϣϸհ׵ı顣
հǴһ˿Ц⣬˵Уƺһ˿ϲõ΢ЦĪӿһ˿ЦȴдһЩζ
ʽûôӣʽһʱٿڣĪӻǰȥղöС
˵Ŀע£ĪȽö񻷸Թհ׺кϣȻֽöµ񻷱˴˿£
񻷻Ӵһ˲䣬񻷻ഩһⳡʽϵһ
񻷽᫘ȴ
ˣɣ
λǣеĺߵĴ£˳ڳڶͣҲڽϵк£ʼϵߣͬʱ̸
֤ܽⳡģʵ򵥣֮ʵ˴˶ģʶ˵ⳡշǳĲ
һ󣬱Ϳʼ½뿪ĪҵƣԼ׼õҪհ׵ĳɻｻתΪʾԼҲ׼뿪ˡ
ĪóϸĴһȻ¶΢Ц˵Īˣ·˵С˼βڶһգֽｻհס
ˣͻȻã׼ɽȥһʱ䣬˵ΪܹʵǹƼĪӻش
ȻдʣҲȫǼٻҹհһҹ̸֮Īհ׽˺ܶ࣬ҲȷһЩ
ԭˣǾͲĪˣĪհ׽ãҽҲаĪʲôҪҽ֮Ҫԣ֪ĪȥѾͷ˵ͬʱĪ͵˽ϸۡſڡ
лǰˣĪӶһ񣬱ת뿪˹Ž
ȵĪ뿪֮ƿĪӽԼ̾һհ׵ǽһѣˣ
ǰģһžɵӤһбľľ죬ľɢζоĹЧƸ㣬żƷ
ӤϵĴС޵ƤëƵ۹⣬ȻϵƤëļֵ
ӤĶзǳƯװΣͺ΢΢ҫǳһ㣬ϸһͻᷢЩһЩֵڵƬ̺˿˿Ƶǳ֮ǳʹڻ֪кá
ΧһᱡƽΪڵĽǻԴһö壬΢Ĵ΢죬һְаĹЧ
ӤһƷⱾʵֵѾСˣĪӴһѪ⣬
հ׻ĵڶ죬Ҫ¸ȥݼϵĸλеһæ꣬ŴõĪ͸
հЩжոռ˸΢ЩɬͬҲǳϲ
λĪһ֪Ѱɣϧߵ̫ˣδȥݼѾΪհӵ΢Щź˵
Ϊ֮ŮһǳԸͬʱǳɶµĹհףҲë
Ļհ׷Ӧ΢һ£ŻشǰĪҵ֪ѣԺлᣬһҪʶһ¡
ҹհ׶鷿һ飬ȵӦþ޵ʱ΢΢ԥһ£ȻӴóһţ򿪴ͷβһ飬ƺҪϵÿһֶС
֮հͻȻ¶һЦݣƺȻʲôһеţ˲仯һ̣ɢڷ֮С


ʮ 
ݻصݣһ·Īߵò죬һ·ʵǱ߱ڼ֮󣬲Żصݵġ
һд뿪ϣԭĪĲ뿴ڶ죬հ׶Լ¶ǿջЦ֮ɫԻǰ뿪ɣ
ĪӻصɽʱһѾҪˣĴԸоһ˿ϲķΧɽɺǰһƽ꣬˿ûܵӰ졣
Ī뿪ʱ䣬һֱɽϣһû뿪ÿ찲żȥɽһе
ȥдһ֮еϰߣĹУһͨ˵ĴҲ˼ֵУƽ￪ʼϸĴ
ɽϵļУѾ˸ҰĪӵĹ滮һЩ̫һѾŲɽµУֲһЩֹժ
ϾӰأ÷ۺй֮⣬вٵɢ޾ڴ˳ûرϲɽΧת
Īӻصɽ󣬾ȥ˺ɽչصľұչ˼գһεջһݴֱصǰһ죬ĪӲųء
̶̼յıչأûĪӵΪ٣ĪӶڵȴ̶̼֮˲١
Ҳ˹ƵĹЧĪ׼ȷץסһŵ⣬ͻȻ鴥õĽתԼ
һգĪӺһºӹĸĸУĪࡢĪһȹء
ĪࡢĪѾˣԼŬĪֳİĪࡢĪˣѾ൱꾳ĳ̶ȣӸټѧһУٮٮߣδпгΪٵĻᡣ
ĪࡢĪջ᲻Ϊ٣ЩĪӲ棬ȫǸ˵ԸĪɽ򸾣ҲŮǰ;
ĪɽȽϼǹҵģǹĪࡢĪ˵Ļ¡
ѾˣĪϴ󣬷ѹͲκϣӸܹܵ˵ģԴڽӴϣĪĪ˵ϡ
ĪŮصģǰʼȢĪ˼ңѾѼż̤ˣŮ޵һңԲܿࡣ
ģĪʲôʱȢףʶ֮ҹķϣⲻ˻Ϊ߶䡣
Īɽ򸾻ͼĪҲǵӪһߴĪ࣬ճɻ顣
ԴˣĪֻЦڸĸ߶£ֻǵͷǷ˵ĪࡢĪоЩЦЩܰ
Ůʲôʱ򣬹ú뻵ĸƺвٲģٶ߶ʹߴ٣ҲΪĶѡ
֮ĪӺ»ص÷ۣʼÿϽΣ֮ǺĪӸԼ顣
Īʵÿ춼ǳæµΪѾ˴ڣڲŴǷļľУ֮ѧϰһƣЩҪʱ䡣
÷ƽﶼĪżʹˮ⣬÷
Ԫ«֮УѾ˵ߵҵڰ˵ݻڹƺĪӵõ汦ԼʱĪӶԼļ
ľԪѾҪƷĳ̶ˣϵҲѾﵽ˷ĲΡ
ЩḶ́Ԫ«ǳа
عԼ£ɽĪӾȻٴμհףһͬĻհ׵
Ī⻹ǵһμԷĪӵĵһӡǳĲׯֹǳ񣬻࣬Цȴ١
÷е÷£հ׺ĪԶĪӿŻհףû֮ǿջЦƺָѣü֮Цݷǳϡ
÷ֻĪӺհˣˣǵĴ£ȥɽľɫˡ
ĪϴβǶߵʵ̫ˣԭĪʶһ£ȴˣ÷ζʵհһе÷ƣ΢΢һȻ󿪿˵
հ׻ǵһγ÷ƣ÷ƵζǳľϲƷĸ֮У÷ҲǷǳˡ
Ǹù֮ŮĪԣĿ˵
ǰȷһùҲúöհĪӵĻ֪Ī˼
Ī뵣ģЩúף֮ʮа˾ţԵ޷ݣ޿κΣǿ󡣡
Īԣ΢΢üհ⻰˼ƺѾǷˣô׾ܷ
Īӵı飬հ룬ֺһ÷ƣȻż˵ãȽᣬȻûô׷£ˣкοǿġҵѳɼңӣȻҪ¡
հ˵ʱĪעı飬΢ôһ˿˸Уȴǳ̹ϣµı֡
ףӣĪӶϵľƱ΢Цհ׾һڻʱ˵һף
Īӵףհ׾͵ǼɵҲ¶ЦݣȻ΢΢Ȥһ䡣
ĪΪպҵУ֮;˵õʱҪĪ£ĪֵʱҪúý
ðҪãԸҵ£ֻҪܹҾգĪĵ˵ͷ
µӣѾʦˣҲദڳʦ״̬һҲνĪʱ̡
Ĵ壬ҪѡʦĶ󣬾Щţ㲻ЩУĻҲ㹻ģٻĳһСš
ĪӶԼδǳģ˵ĻհͬҲĪӺġ
ĪڶԣѾԪɿڣܹһλԪɵ£Ҳ˿û˽ӵܵݣĪδɾ͵׻ᵽһ˭˵׼أ
հɽͣһ죬ڶͶǰˣһǰεģ֮ǰΪɻ飬֮Ѿһʱ䣬ȴҪǰˡ
֮ǰհ״ĪһЩ÷÷ƣȻǸЦУ뿪ɽ
հ뿪ˣĪӵȴܲΪ֪հǷˣﻹһЩƣʱţݿҲᵭȥ߻һ
λŮӣǵһμ棬ĪӳºӡͬʱĪҲ˿Сλ֮Ů
ֹׯԸʱЦݣƺٲ£ʵȴǳĴִֻԱȴ޶⣬ֻΪӵĴ
һӣȥԴԼķȥհദһλӣհ׳綼ὫһĶϡ


ʮ 
հ뿪ɽԼ֮Īյһհ׵ţᵽѾվ˽Ÿһ֮صĴȨϲҪ˶ãհ׾ҪΪˡ
հܹٵվȽŸĪӲûκ⣬ϾհںݴˣεƫԶޣʲô⡣
հ׽ҪкĪΪհ׸һ£ԼλѣҪΪ֮δԼҲǶһλ󱲡
ӵϢ֮󲻾ãһʱҲصɽĪӼڵʱ򣬾ȵķ֣ڵΪȻѾ꾳ڡ
ٶȵȻȲǣҲǷǳˣڵʣ˵ô죬ƫƫ˵Щ꣬ĺٽʱƾԼ
Īϸ̽һ£Ҳȷ˵ڵǳĴû鸡֮Уڶ֮ҲмĽ
Ը񣬼ĵʺַģʽԲŻᾫô졣ĪҲֻˡ
һλһˣżλĺѣһɽݻһĪӡ
ĪЩɽס죬۲һǵƢԣֶǿɽ֮ˣȻⲻһЩԸϵȱݣ߾ֹ֮ĴֱɣûƷ⣬ĪʦģҲûзڵӣȫֳһǳƵǰ˵
Щɽ˼ΣȻָһΪϵ⣬ְǽһЩϵС鷳ڵЩѣĪһǳ𾴡
ƽﶼԼ໥һ£ʱܶϵ⣬ȴûܰǽɽ̶̼գȴϵ⣬ɽϳӯм˾ȻΪȡͻơ
ΪʦֵǣԸȻһЩദ˼֮ЩɢҲǸˣһҲַԸֻһЩָ㡣
ɽ˴Ű£ִһ뿪ˣ֮ǰĪΪǰˣҲЩɢһЩƽʱƵС⣬Щɢ޷ǳ֣̿һʾա
ڻһˣõǰָ㣬ʶĸģٵõһδЩ̫ˡ
ЩƴǲյɢޣĪٴеͷͬڽѵ۹⡣
ŰɣЩƽʱƵСҵӶòϣǷЩãߣķҲܵɢ޸˵ָ㣬ҲֻǰѧϰһˣԲպҲֱģһΪЩɢ޽һĪ΢Ц뿪
ҲЩɢޣĪӵĶݣҲпǾʱ䣬ĶĪ˷ĵ𾴡
Щɢ뿪֮ɽľǽֵĻ⣬һȥҲĪԭЩȴٴɢ޵ȺᵽĪӣ˵һǰˡ
ЩۣĪֻ΢˽һЩ䲢⡣
Դϴٴ뿪֮ĪӸоԼ봿ѾԶˣҲûмͻƣÿ첻ĻۣûбչһͻƵĴ㡣
磬ڵԪ֮ǰһ磬ҪֽѣҪܵĻԼʵ
ĪʵѾ൱ǿˣõֵֶط֮ĪӾԼвСռ䣬ȫԽһʵ̣ڳɾԪ֮ǰܵԼ
Ӧһȫλһֱڼķƽʱõķǳ˳ֵ֮ľеȶ档
ĪġľԪͱĵĿȫˣõ÷ǲľԪԱĹ³ֺ͹ͷĲ⾭ģ֮١
ľԪԪɾ֮ǰĪѾˣȴһҪ޸ģغĪӳɾԪ֮·
⣬ĿǰġľԪĪӡԪˮ¼νӡ
Ԫˮ¼Īǰǰ֮ӵеĹԴзţǰ磬㲻ĹˣҲһܹﵽʥ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ŹѾĪΨһԪɾ֮ϵˣⲿ㲻ĹͬҲȡ֮պУĪӻԶ޸ġ
Ψһ⣬νӣӡľԪתޡԪˮ¼еĹҪǿܴڵĲͻϾзš
ڴ;ͬ飬Īǰ磬޵ıԪر˾֮󣬡Ԫˮ¼ейҲǲԪ
ڹν֮˵ⲻ󣬵Ϊ˱ĪӻϣܹõһԪɾϵйвοܹԼԪɾԺ·繦ӣȻȡ̡
õԪɾϵĹĪӾãԼҪһ½ˣʱ²Ҫ֮ǰ飬ҪԼٴһЩ
ʱһȥɽеĪӣ·˿ûиоʱţÿǧƪһɵ飬ҲС
ԼĹϸԼļ֮ͨżȥ֮Ƽһʱ𣬻ɽ϶һЩ˳ŰɽְθһЩ
ƽֳʵУʱֹȥꡣ
һ죬ĪһʼΣһ˿ÿһ裬жĻڣĪҲһ㣬жϡ
ȵ֮վĪߵǣͻȻоĪӵϢʼǣΧĪӿ˰һɫĹš
֪ĪΪҪͻˣǱվһ԰ĵȺͬʱҲڿԼʦ
ûãΧͱƽĪϵҲİ¶Ρ
ϲʦͻƴڣǶĪһ˵
Īԣ΢΢ЦЦﲢûиеκεļΪεͻƣһˮɣ˳µ顣
ĻѾ㹻ԵĪҲѾﵽˣ֮ǰĪҪͻƵĻӦҲܳɹ
Ļ۴ĥڸոһ̣Īٴ򣬸оԼӦͻˣǱ˳µͻƣмûа㲨
ǺĪӵҲûΪĪΪͻƵڣͷκεĸı䣬˻ǼյظŸ֮ǰ¡
ҲΪĪӰ쵽ˣĪͻƴڵĵڶ죬ΪҲͻ񾳽ڣͬ赭дͬˮɣҲͬû˸е̫͸ˡ
ǵʣ⼸ĻۣٶֻĪѧϰʵǿ缸ͻˡ


ʮ ҵ
ĪΪͻƴڵһ꣬쵽֮ǰĪȥһӸһͬеģǺĪɽ򸾡
֮һͬǰӸΪ꣬ӸټѧѧϰĪࡢĪҪҵˣǽڰټѧõѧϰȻʼµ
ǣλѧӵѧӽҵ֮ʱټѧãл̵֮ͬʱҲۼ֤ԼŮҵ
ĪĪһѧӣӸټѧʽյĵһѧӣʮʱ䣬ŽѧɲţǽҵҲźܶĻᡣ
ǿѡʳΪ٣ȥټѧɸԵ֧ѧϰѧʣȻҲ԰ո˵ԸȥԼϲ顣
ĪӺǴĪɽټѧõʱ򣬿ĸĸŰټѧȥжǴСװŲٵĶЩ׼лʦ֮
ЩеĶಢʲôرصƷһͬص㣬Ǿһ⡣
ǼԼƵĸ㣬ֲժĹʵַƵֱ֯Ĺߣ֮ڹ⡣
Īʱ򣬵ȻҲ׼ĪɽˣҲͬ׼˶
߽ټѧãӭһλټѧõ˹Īһ˵Īòˣ
߹λĪҲЦŻһ񣬡ȷòˣ
λĪģӸټѧλ֮һԷӣпȴĪӵġ
ĪΪɢ֮еټѧãҪһзӭӡ
˺˼䣬ȻĪ޽һԼĸű޵Ĵ£һ˾нҵ֮ĳأǰ
Īӽ֮󣬰ټѧüλ൱񾳽ȫĪӴкĪҲһһ΢ЦŻ
ЩȻĪټѧõĴȽ٣ʵӸİټѧùϵȴĪࡢĪ˵Ĺϵ֮⣬÷ۺͰټѧã鱨Ľףÿļö÷ܻȡһ鱨ϵĹ˫һֱ죬ر÷۵÷ЧԽԽǿ֮
Īӵ֮󣬴Լ˰ʱңѾˣҵλҲߵ˸̨ϣӸټѧõӵĽҵ֮ʽʼˡ
ˣ
Ų֪ӺδһȻֹ˶ֹͣ˽̸עȫ˳롣
˵Ŀע£һȺɫʿۣͷڵѧӣų
һǰߣǿлѧİټҾ䣬ͬʱͷϷһͬϻһ㣬Ⱥе緢ɷ
ڶǰеĪࡢĪˣĪ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⣬ߵĪɽ򸾣˵ϸֿ˻ûʲô±ȸĸԼĺܹгϢǸеĵˡ
Īӵ˵ڳеĸĸҲȺҵԼŮ϶¶ЦݣԼлһ˿
ȺŰټҾ䣬һߵ룬ӸټѧõĸλҲߵ˳룬ȽѧӵİлȻղͬѧɵѧ˵ڳӦѧɵѧһԡ
𸡱棡
Ե£ȼˣ£֤£
ҽģ򼼾

һλټݸҵĺ˼룬ڳѧһĪҲǶид
ĲǿʢټѧɴˣڼҲڵ
Ȼаټ֮Ϊֹ޷ټҵĸѧɵ˼룬γһֵѧϰ˼룬ҹ᳹˼룬ֺγһ֤
ټ֮ϵǿʢȥһ죬Ҳδܴļܴﵽĳɾٴΰθߡ
ⳡҵ֮ǸѧɵЩҵİټѧӡȻӡֻ˽ӡЩѧѧɣ˳ҵ
ӡ֮󣬽ҵ֮ͻˣǸѧɵ͸ѧӵļ˼̸ʱлʦ֮ʱ䣬ҲѧɵѧӵļˣЩҵѧδۡ
ΪĪӵĹϵĪࡢĪӸټѧУǰݸѧɵΪʦģڽҵ֮󣬾ͼũҺҽҵλ¡
Īɽ򸾺Īһ׼õлʦ֮Īɽ׼ĶԼһЩƽ֮Ī׼ͱȽϺˡ
÷÷ơĪԼƵʺλʹõķ൱ˡ
λĽ̸УĪɽȻһĪΪȫ׼ԼŮδǰ;ȻҲĪࡢĪδòֻҪĪֳڣԿ԰ˡ
һ̸Ҳûг̫ãĪࡢĪƽʱı֣λҲǺģԶδηչλ൱ĿأֱӾĪӱʾˣĪࡢĪʳΪ٣ټѧɼѧϰǶ԰æ
ȻԼĴ㣬ǾͿԼˡ
лλĪӴѾҵĪࡢĪһӰأȻصмպ󣬲ź̸δĴ㡣
ĪࡢĪʵҲԼδδ㣬иоЩãڰټѧѧϰʮ꣬Ѿϰڰټѧѧϰӣ뿪ѧãʼһεһʱ֮Щʴӡ
˵ҲǶԼδȫûκεĹ滮ֻжٻЩԥȷԼѡǷȷʺԼ
Ī˽һĪࡢĪ˼Īѧҽ֮ҪȥټѧɼѧϰĪΪŮӣȻҲѧȴûȥټѧɵĴ㣬ҲûнʳȤҪһƬԼأʵһԼЩѧ
˵˼ĪӶʾͬͬʱҲеԥ
΢˼һ£Īӱ˵ɣЩһֱӸټѧѧϰûȥطȻѾҵѡ֮ǰȥ翴ɣ͵һ¼ʶҲһЩһһȥ
˵ĴãͿ־壬Դһδ֪ĪࡢĪЩѧ˲ٵĶһֱڰټѧУҲͬ˺ܶྭͻ񾳽֮ҲʾҪһ˳һųȥɡ
ҲһΣһЩ飬ǶԼҪʲôӼᶨһЩ
Īӵ飬ĪࡢĪҲǳĶǴС֪ĪֳʱĪҲǽ˺ܶ飬ҲǳѧѧϰҲû취Īһȥ
ԼֳյĵӣѾʼˣôȴû뿪ӸѾҵÿԳȥʶһ£һͬУҲǳ̤ʵԱǳĴӦˡ
ĪӸһЩ׼ͬʱһ·ѧ࿴һǵĻֺķһ࣬˵Īɽ򸾣˸ǳ
֮Ǵ˸߲ҵĪࡢĪһ̤ͬó̡


ʮһ д裨ϣ
ǺĪࡢĪһ뿪֮ɽУֻʣĪһˣɵĽԼ˸еκεĹµʡ
ĪÿĶǼ򵥶ֳʵȻΪٶûǰôˣ棬ȴܹоԼ
ҪһЩʱȥģΪĺܿ죬Ȼһ£һ̤ʵأÿһȣҲῴ;У಻һķ羰
Īһ˰̲ûг̫ãһͣĪֹͣƽֳʵ̡
룡
÷£Ī豭һ֮䣬豭б£߷ҵˮȻѸٵĹ̷ڣѸٵĽ䵽ʵ¶ȣŶһơ
ĪӶģһλ£üĿбһѳˣ̫һڵĺ档
ĵȫĪӵԤϣ֮ǰǳ֮У仹վڶģй֡
Ϊ÷ԵʣĪӶ̫һڵĵҲû̫ĺøУȫû뵽ԷȻҵɽ
ϵĲˮһڣȻĿĪӿ˵Ϊͻƴˣ
֮ǰͻƣĪӵ˵ͷܻĻش
һĪӵĻش𣬺˵
ŴԣĪӷеĲ豭Դһ˿ζʵ
ΪΣϴεѾȥˣû鷳ѵʰһң
ȻǣڶʳûйϵֻһĥҵĽâҡҡͷĻش
ĪӵȻ֪ԲΪڶʳԼģΪ˵ڶʳ£ͲȵڲŹӦڼǰˡ
ĥΪʲôҪӦ㣿ĽͣĪַһ䡣
̫һڵд裬Īʵһ˿ĶģرԷǺĸ֣սһĪӦҲһЩջ
ջĪ˵ֻǽĪӵս鲢٣Īÿ찲ʵҲȲֺαغˣ
ĪӼھܾĻû˿Ķݣֻƽ˵һ䣬ѵʶһ¡̫һն𣿡
仰Ī˫һУϵϢһ˿δңȴͻȻһַǳΣյĸо
̫һն÷̫һնµԾǰ;ղŲġ
һʶһ¡̫һնǾͽˣĿ⿴źûκαݣĪӻĿ˵
ͬʱվλ⣬뿪ɽӸһƬտ֮
θո䵽棬īȾͳĪӵУͬʱľԪҲĪӵͷɢɫĹâͬʱһĪ˱ʵʵ
汳бǰгҲѸٳʣ뵽˺С
ûκεķϻڻ׼õĵһʱ䣬ͬʱ˹
Īīڵһ㣬һһɰ̼ͽΧһƬ֣ƣľӵվҡҷڣһƬƬҶ䡣
µһƬƬҶû䵽ϣͬƬƬһ㣬źȥ
еĳһһɭ׵Ľ֮һͻȻէֵ磬һǧ֮ڣеĹȫɨĸɸɾҲƽƽ
¶һĨЦݣгٴһӣ⻯һ׺磬ֱĪӴȥ
Щˣղһ̽ԵĹĪΪͻƴ֮ʵȻҲ˲СΪԼҵһǿĶֶˡ
īǰһ㣬Īɢ⣬ͬʱΧʼ۳ˮ
˽ս֮ѾȽԶӣһЩںӱߵ˾ȵķ֣ӵĺˮȻ·ܵĳǣһ㣬һεεˮ飬ӺϷѸٵһȥ
ͬһʱ̣йУԪҲӦĪӵϢĪں˽֣ĪӽսǵϢһһλǿĽޡ
ǿĽޣò¾Ϳ뵽Ӧ̫һڵĵӡ
Īô̫һڵĵ˳ͻԪüͷһ壬뵽
ţͷ˽ֵλãһƬտ֮ߵϢҲ𲽼ǿдಫ̷ͬʱҲ˲仯һ⣬˽ֵķȥ
Ȼд裬֮еǿߵսǲܴ
ԪĪӺͺĽԽԽ󣬺ܶҲ˽ֵĶвһЩոߵ֮׼ܵһ֡
ԪϵʱԶԶľͿһ׳ˮڿ裬ɢһ˵ơ
ˮϿգһѳ콣ӰԴԴϵһ㵱ͷ£ˮײһ
һӰȴûܽˮɢǵӰȥ
׳ˮӴǵӰʱ콣ӰʧһգֻʣǵӰеǰѳ˫Ÿ߸߾
һ⾳һľ𣬴ӽΧɢΧһƺͺʱ䶼Ӱ쵽һ㡣
ôԶԪ˿ҲܵһЩӰ죬еԼĵ֮ϣƺһĨ⣬ԶԶԼһ̾ͻһ㡣
̫һڡ̫һն
ѾãЩʶԪϳһãҲ֪ԼܵЩӰô¡
ܵЩӰ죬ΪһĿ꣬Īһ֮µָо
һĨĽ֮£Լеķͺ񲻴һ㣬·ǽԼĵģı¶һ֮£׼ڤڤ֮дĿʡ
һĪΣгĪӵУĪӲԾľһҪ˶ܵĸоָоǳǿңĪȴӲĽָоѹ£˿˱żµһ
һ̣£һɴĲκζĽ⣬Īӵĵײ֮Уͷ·ҪӲĽĪӵĵ˺ѡ

һײǰеĳĪеīײһ𣬽Ϩͬʱ׳ˮҲ֮ɢ
̫һնĪƾԼܵӲˣȫûж鱦Լĵӭһο顣
Ȼ΢ЩΣգһ֮ĪӾԼĵĺȹһЩͷͨҲӴˡ
ٴĪӺͺҲٴκˣ˴һξ롣
ղһʵǡ̫һն֮ҲǿһһԻƷһ˵ţгٴξ𣬳ϵĽ⣬һ֮ʱͺҵ֮ڽ֮ϣҶֹŹֵĴ⡣
ź潣䣬ĪӶ߷·壬塢塢壬ؼһһľڷԼ
ʲôǵһߣ²ԼĹɡ
ľʳ֮ʳʳֱ֮Ϊ͵Ĳɱ֮ܶʼǿʳγһѭУܽߡ


ʮ д裨£
ַ֮ȻûֹƻĵĹЧȴǿʳչʾĪӵǰĪӵĵģͬʱҲҪĪӴ䷲֮еͼ
һն䣬Īӵһ˿𶯣һָоԼӲһΪ򽫻ᱻ䷲
Īȴû˿ĻţͷľԪâø貶Ŀ²Īػĸʵеīȼˣۣ֮Ȼڼ˳һֲѿ
Īӽīǰǰһֲѿӭһķâ
ֻ£ն䵽һѿϣȴû̽ݻ٣һССѿʼٵĳɳΪһó꣬һССĻ̻
ڻ˲䣬ڱһķâݻ٣ǽţīȼ۵ǿ֮ѿīȵļ˳˲̻꣬
ЩʢĻ䣬ڻһ̣Ǳݲеһ̣ЩִͨĻȴʵʵסǿһ
ֻԼĽһֱǰȴĪӸúԶǰһƬĻ䵲סôԴԴ಻ϣ·ݻ֮޾
ƺûоͷĥ֮£һкɾˣһתս˲ˡ
ĪҲջīȣīȼ˴һ仹ŵ䣬Īֽժ£Ȼ·ĵһ˦
أڲеһ̣̺Ĳ̼֮·ĵ棬һƬĻ
ĪӡΧΧˮ֮ˮΣΧƬռ䡣
Īзı任һſˮΣ˲컯һ㱡ˮڣȻٵźķ£
ھˮھ£ߵʱ򣬺̸ов˫۲ɵһУгһޱȷâĽɢΧ֮ڣһ磬ҪаΧˮڴ顣
顭
һײĪһʩչĻˮǧں֮ھ޷ټ£ˣʼЩԴԴ˺ѣԴԴˮڵĲϾ££Χź׵Ľ磬ҲʼϵΧ
ȵеˮȫ£һ̣ˮǧΧ۳ĽЩɢ
ߵĽʧϵĽ⣬ȴһ̱ĸľ˵ղŵĺ棬ǰеĳһ㣬Ȼȴһ̵ѾԼķâ̲סΪâĿ
ĪĿ΢΢һоȻһļ֮УѾо˽Σա
һԪ«ĪӵͷһžӨ͸ˮԪ«֮еȻֿһκˮĪӵǰųһߡ
ʱ򣬺еĳٵԼüģһɽ𣬲ҽΧɢΧսȺ˿Ҳòˡ
·ոյһƬɽĴݲ£ʢĻ䱻飬ĻֱţΧϵķ裬󱻽׵ķ飬ҲЩεĽȾһĨѪĺ졣
̫ͨһаʽƷĪӵĶ𣬻µһ˲䣬ĪֻоΪ֮һŵĳ֮ΨһĹâǳǰΪ֮Ȼʧɫ
һնаͷ·Բ֮ϣһδ̳ѾεĪӣĪӸ޷ܡ
һ̣̳һĨĽУĪӷ·𿴵ħֵӰһ޵Ľ֮УػʬڱͷƣҲһƿһ϶дһ˿ϣ
⾪޵һе⾳Ī˫Ҳͬʱǰųһˮ˲仯һˮڣһǳ֮Īӵǰ
ˮγɵͬʱҲ˲Ϣˮγɵˮڣһ޵Ľ֮£Ҳ˲ơ
һˮڲûܹ⣬ĪǰĲҲûסһķâ
һ̵ĪǰʱĪֲΪָָһɫĹâԥĵһĽ档
ĪǰһһɫĹâǰǰ
ţĪӺͺ˵ӰͻȻͬʱˣһ䵽Īĵϣڵնһƽпڣס
ںıһǳֱ֮ʣâ֮䣬·궼л
ԶսԪһеˣرĪӣһĨ֮ɫ
Ԫһֱ֪ĪӺǴûĪӾȻܹ̫һڵĽ档
ԪһЩֵˣ˿һҲĿɿڴеˣֹסĺȻ֮ɫ
֪һĪӣڶãӦһԪɾսˡ
ĪӴ˿̵ȻϾЩսôģϸһˮ⣬ڿ޸ԼϵƣͬʱĿź棬֮ɫ
ղǾ޵һĪӸܵ˽޵һ̺ĪƴȫŽ䵲΢Щ·硣
ǹˮǿֻǹˮɱҪģǵƻ
˿ڿĪӣҲһĨľȣĪֶ֮ͨǰȻĪʩչһԣеᵽ
һɣǰеĳƮ䵽󣬲뽣УϢҲ
ĪӼ״֪Էٳˣⳡд赽ͽˣȻʱ䲻͸ղһŽ֮ͨǰʶġ̫һնĪӸоջ
ϵĪϢҲƽŶĺ棬ڶ˵ǲ뿪һ£֪ɷ񷽱㣿
ĪӵĻ΢΢˵ͷش֮裬û͵ѽһ¡
Īԣ˵ͷī·һ㣬һһ֮䵽·ĵϡ
֮䣬ղѾȫһƬ֮£»ָ
룡ĪӽīȻɽķȥҲϡ
Ԫ뿪ıӰٿǰһƬͻȻ΢΢̾һ
Ҫ˼꣬йҪһǨˣ
йӰ仧Īֻһ꾳ʿйҲʺܺõĵӵˮƽЩȥй꾳ĵӣǵΪȻ꾳磬ĪɢޣȴѾﵽ˴ڡ
Īֳʲ飬պ÷۱ؽΪһСţССӰأܹͬʱţµʱ򣬾ͱҪһѡ뿪ˣԪ뿪ǸӦĪӣй۰ǨĿܸһЩ


ʮ Ԫ
һдĪӽٴ÷ۣڸղŵλã˼ȴȸղź˲١
һս˶ǳҲĪף̫һڵĽޣȻ˵ʵǳǿҲֲùж˵Ŀ
÷۶е÷һĵ÷ƣƷĪӽƱƵǰƽĿ˵
ź͸ղŽȻͬĴ΢һĨЦ⣬Ȼϵ÷ƣһڣ΢΢ĵͷ
ζѣЧҲ൱ǿѵһƼ𣡡
Ѹղʩչġ̫һնһŽͨӵĲĪԣ΢ЦҲһת
еľƱĪ˵̫һն̫һննҵն;һģв˼֮ն彣ѸղżʶֻеʵͲԵȻʶ
λʦ̫һڵ𣿡Ī˵ƽһ䡣
һΣûٻش𣬶ĪҲûмʣͬʱ˱֮ƣȻżڵ
һŽͨʵޣܷ˵һ
ҶԵѵͨҲͬǳĸȤ滺ĿڣȻ˵
̫һаʽ̫һʦΣ֮ʣһ֮ѹˮ壬һʽͨɱ¾֮Ҳϣ֮ΪΣ֮ƿͷƣ⣬ʵ㣬޷һȫӳҲ޷ȫͨ⡣
Īӵ˵ͷԹһȻҲһźĸд̺⾳ĪӶ̫һǳľ塣
ȻѾһһЩĪȻҲҪһԼǹˮ֮ͨ
˽֮󣬻ĵطʼ۵Ḷ́˵ݷǳӣһ̸ֻתĻ⣬ȻǸĵ֮
ڱ˴˽̸ĹУĪҲ֪ˣ汳ǰѳ֣ȫгѽҲ棬һžŵƷֻһܹﵽɱĲΡ
̫һڵĽޣҪķеıҲǻ˼ȥĶڼ෨ϣû˱̫һڵĵӸó
ּĽ̫һڵӵУҲܹӳǿԶ˷ܴﵽļޡ
ĪЩʱжīȽɱĲΣ˼·ԽԽˡ
һ۵̸۵ݺܶ࣬ȫʱţֱĲʱͣŷΧɫѾڲ֪䣬ҹ٣ּȥˡ
һЦԼһƣȻƱĪ˵ĺһɢ޺ܲһѧ֮ӣŵӣҲģһЩϵعϵĲ֪ҶɵѲɢˡ
ѽҼʶŵӵ㣬ԶҲĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ͺһĪĸо˴ĵӣ㣬Լʶɢ޺Сŵĵܹȵġ
ˣ͵һд衢۵֮࣬ǰһЩߵѣϣܵáеľƱɫ֣صĿĪ˵
뽲ĪҲǳĿź档
ΪѾ˴ڣƾѵʵɹ֣Ӧûж⣬ѿֶ֪֮
Ȼ֪Īӵͷش
֣ͨĴʿ˵ǾһˣǾĥˣҪõֶ֮ҪʧĥԼĻᣡ
лָ㣬ֶ֮ѾõˡĪЦ˵
ĪӵĻûʲô֮ɫҲ¶һĨЦݣվ˵ǿҶˣͺã
źѾȥ⣬ĪͻȻһæڵʵѣνԪɣ׺ʹкβͬ
ԭѾ׼ø뿪ˣĪʳ⣬ȴɵ΢΢ԥһ£Żش
νԪɣѷףƷΪ֮ˣԪ񣬱ɵأΪߣǿͬ٣Ԫ
ԪһɣڵữͶ䣬ͨɷͨǷ׿ɱȣ
ͣĪӾЩͳԼҪĴ𰸣ǱʵԪ֮䣬ֻʲô𣿡
濴Īһۣ΢һ£ſ˵ԪȻҪǿ󣬵Ԫɾ磬٣Ҳ̫Ӱ죬ЩԪɣֱӱԪ֮ߣ˶ԵС
Ԫ񣬵һɾԪɵĳƺɴ˶
Ҷд伮Բܹ࣬ߵѵģҲֻЩˣҪ˽࣬ҪԼһˣ
Īԣ֪Լûа취Ӻ˽Ԫ񾳽ϢˣǱ˵ͷ˵лѽˣ
һ۵࣬ʹ˸ǣһ¾Ҫ֮ϣҲϣôͼѣһ˵ţһߵɽߡ
ǱˣĪҲ͡
ĪӵĻһ䣬λһ׹⣬һһƿնȥ
Ī֪λȥ֮󣬿¾ҪԪɾˣ´μ棬ĵùһβ̵ʱ䡣
뿪֮Īӻص÷£ʼ˼Ԫɵ⡣
ղŸĪӵϢʵ࣬õĻһЩģ˵Ԫɾ֮ԪǿҪԶԱԪ֮Ĵߣ˶ԵУȽĿ¾ˡ
Ԫɾĸ֣ڵɱΪӦҲԪʵǿһԭ
ϢĪ֪Ļ治ࡣ
ĵ취ŪԪɾˣһƬҲָ򰡡Īа
罫ĪҲûп̫ãվʼһΡ
˿棬ΪĪպͺһսصϢѾӸڴ÷зˡ
Ӹڵߣ֪շһսܱسǵ߶еǳźûۼһսĿλĶֵд衣
ĪӺͺ潻ս֮أҲвСʿȥرǿµĽۣܵϲһ˿⣬ôҿʼԲһսĲҡ
Ī޸Ƭô˵ĵҲЩˡ
Ϊһλ꾳ɢޣƾԼСͨƬ֮У˻ûȫɢ֮òɢ޶ʼժЩ䡣
ڴҿǵƬǳĪ֣֮Ī֮ǰָģһҲû̫Ƭ׵ƻֻǲժһ֮ˡ
֮ĪӺͺһսĽֵĲӰŪ˳ʼӸڵɢһЩոӸé®õɢޣٴҪĪΪʦͷ


ʮ ׼
һ裬ĪĿɽ£ɽǰЩѾõɢޣû˿ı顣
ԴӼ֮ǰͺǳд֮ЩҪʦɢ޾һγɽ¡
ĪѾܾ˲ˣǰһȻǸݲõģǰܾЩˡ
ݵĵ޸ôʱ䣬ݵѾѷɫݸΪõݷݵĵڻָ֮ĿǰŨȣһЩȽƶݸҪŨࡣ
ݱصʿֲ࣬ϺͲڣΪĪɢĸֵԵʣһʱ֮䣬ɢ޷׷׵ĽһЩˣפݡ
Ӹֱݣһ·Ҳ˶ʱ䣬ûвôӣЩɢ˵ȷһѵס
Щ꣬лһЩһ˿ϣĳˣĪвûзرõģҲûдͽĴ㡣
ЩѾһβ̵ʱˣڴ뿪ĪӾҲЩĲ̣Ͼɢ֮Ҳ֪ģȻĪԼᲢЩ˵ϣĪӷ·ܿ÷
΢˼һ£ĪӷеĲ豭Ȼ󻺲ɽȥЩɽǰ˵ǰ
Īӳ֣ежһĨϣ֮ɫҶûпڡ
ЩˣĪӻĿڵɽ¹˼գɼЩ֮ģȻȴͽ֮⼸յļ֣ڴжʱʲôҲȵԵ
Ī˵꣬ڳʧ񣬻£ͷֳһյƣȻóһͿʼ˵ǰ
ޣУ컯
ĪȿʼģΪϤġ׵Ҳÿһ߶һ
ĪĹУӴǳԶ󣬵ȴ˳УڳÿһˣʱͷȻһ̱סˡ
Ϥһһ䣬Ǵ˿ȴһȫͬĸоɬѶľģȻԴĦм˼ȴѾᵽһ֡
չǰıɽһǣѾĪж£еɻ󲻶ϵĽ⿪ͬʱҲʡ˺ܶеĴ©
ĪͷĹɢ͵ĹâסڳˣĪӵ񿴵ǰ;ϵһյƣĳС
ĪӵɢķΧԽԽ㣬סӰأĪжˣһ̶ԾͣеĶվԭؿʼ
йУĵҲ£Ŷдĵ
ԪͬҲĪжٴǰͷþй۰ǨĲԶ
ʱʱʵ̣ر£ʱѾ㹻Īӽ̫ʦĵȫжһˡ
ĪӵֹͣͷĹƹâҲѸٵ󻺻ʧĪǰˣȴȻδع
ֱ֮󣬵һ˫ۣߵĵֹͣвһȻʧ֮У˲½˫ۡ
лǰ
۾ɢڷӦ̶֮Īһ֮ѹҲ̷Ӧ׷Ī
֮ģȴûʦͽ֮ԵɽǰݼգҲָֻһˣʹɢȥɣĪӿ˵һ˵꣬תɽȥ
ĪӵĻѾ˺üɢȻвʣҲ֪ĪĲΪͽһҲվټ
һҲʲôջûеģղĪжһԾԼ˺ܶҸʵĵطһʱ䣬˵ͻΪߵľ硣
ҵٴΰлǰǰտɣɾԪ񣡡ʼ۵ˣɽٳһݣȻ뿪뿪ˡ
Ѿص÷۵Ī仰ͻȻЩĶ
£Ī֮ǰд㣬ϣȵ÷һӵʱ⣬ǰɣҲǲС
ʱĪӳ֮⣬ûʲôҪϾ顣
ǳ飬׼ˣõʱæҵģֲҪĲͷһĪв
Ȼǿɣ÷ʽΪһСţĪҲ׼յӣ֮Īͬ׼Ūüһ㣬Ӧ׼Ķв١
ʱضдͣһǱģ֮°ü򵥣ȴҲ̫˲ǣҲҲвӦ׼
뵽͵⣬ʱ»һЩӴһ±ͣ÷۵֣ǼѾΪ÷ҲȫĲ㡣
һ룬ĪӸоôڿʼ׼ˣ֮ǰ׼׵ֵ⣬Խǰѣʱܰæ
ȵ´ǺڻͽǣҲʼ׼ɣĪ뵽
һʱУĪӳÿ֮⣬Ͼ֮࣬׼һ¿ɵĸˣȥһӸټѧҵλһصǡ
λҵ£Ī֮ǰμӹй۵Ŀ֮Īдˣʱ÷۵Ŀ֮Ҫʲôӡ
ƷӦ׼ĶĪҲڽļУ׼׵ˣֻǺڻͿԽһ׼ˡ
ʳ񶼣ʱѾҹڻʹǼУ˻£ŸشĸϢ
ͻȻ䣬ͿݰټѧôϢǹĪӵġ
ϢϳƣĪʱȥҵλ̿ɵʽ׼ʽ÷۳ΪһСš
Ҫˣ治ݺĪйصϢжٻЩźûнĪеԼ¡
һĪӵϢ̫һڵдϢû뵽ʱ֮ٴοĪӵϢѾ׼ɣΪһСŵʦˡ
Ϳڽ߽˽߷ԸעһӸӰɽĪӣĿˣ¸׼һݺ񡣡
ǣԣ̵ͷ͵ķԸС
ȥµ¸ùߴӦּԸ
Ŵԣ΢΢ͷش£еѾˣ糯ʱһ»û
Ǿȥ鷿֮ǰδǱͼԸ
ǣߴӦһ㹧˳ȥ
ȵ뿪Ŀ⿴һ۷еǷֿ˿һƬҹһĨ֮ɫ
ҹѾˣ˵ҲӦϢһˣԴӼǰһοʼ͸ûκһҹϢ
Ϊʱ̴ھʢѪڵ״̬Уߵҩֶ֮ΣҲûа취˯ȥѾһǧҹûкϹˣȻϲƣͬǳԴƣȴʱĥ


ʮ ѧ
ѩ׷ɣһؽһʱǺĪࡢĪˣҲǰˡ
ǵĪ˵ĸĪࡢĪǳȥ֮ǰѾ͸ĸԼõʱ䡣
ǵصʱǲˣҪһأع󣬼ȥҲԡ
ɽϣĪӿǰˣϸĴǣǺͳȥ֮ǰû̫ı仯ĪĪˣԱ仯ǳĴ
Ⱦλ֮Ѿʧ˺ܶ࣬ȡ֮һأرĪ࣬ϵӲ˲٣͸˸оǰˡ
˵˵ζȥЩʲôЩʲôջ񣿡ˣĪЦſʵ
ҪĪࡢĪǣȫҪĪӶൣġ
ĪӵʻĪࡢĪ˶һۣЩ£õĽѵоջ࣬ȴ֪Ӻ˵
΢˼һ£ŻĿڣһ·ȥĵط˵Ȼ˵ˣ£˵Լᡣ
Īϴһ˿ЦݣһǵĽһصͷ
ĪࡢĪһθǣ뿪֮Ⱦȥ˲ݣʶһ֮ۼӿڵһ·ֱϡ
УǼʶ˺ܶȤĶкֻܶ鱾֮жȴδ;;ҲΪһЩԭһЩΣգڲ࣬ЩΣȫƽˡ
ЩΣգ˴󣬼Ϊ̵ģЩΧڣһЩǾòֵһᣬʱǳԵͷС¡
ĪĪһεľĪɴһ˿ЦݣȻ󿪿ڶ˵֪ף֪һ飬·ǴӰټѧýҵˣ鱾ϵ֪ʶǶѧ˲٣ã⻹ġ
ҲҪסѧֹӰټѧýҵֻһ׶εѧϰҪѧĶкܶ࣬鱾֮ϣһγȥӦѾˣҾͲˡ
ĪӵĪࡢĪ˵ͷ֪ʶֻ鱾ϣСʱĪӾ̵ǣڰټѧѧϰʱҲ̹һǵøˡ
ͨҲ˲ټʶͬʱԼλɽϵֳҲ˸𾴺;η
ǰ֪ĪӺ˲𣬾ټѧõҲҪͿγȥ֮ǲ̵ʶԼֳж˲
ǳé®ĲԼֳȴѾǵ¸صǰˣҪĴڡ
ĪࡢĪ֮ĪӾǻºӹˣȥôã︸ĸһֱڵģڵøϿǻȥĪɽ򸾷ġ
ȵĪࡢĪ뿪ּ֮򵥵˵һһ˵ľǿ˵ľӵп͹ԣٲĪࡢĪ˵Ĳ֮
Ī֮󣬷ӦҲǳƽĪࡢĪһγȥģڴвϳɳġ
һҹȥڶһ磬컹û֮ǰĪӾͺ׼Σ˻ûж͸оһӰɽ¿ٵĴԶ㴫ˡ
ʦʦ֣ϣΣ
˵⵱Ȼڻˡ
ܵԼǰǸƤЦģڣĪӺ϶¶һ˿Цݡ
һΰɣĪӶϢ΢Щҵ˵һԵҲڵͷ
һһ֪ǼææϻģϵϢЩңڵĵҲ١
ԣЦվǵ࣬ȻһʼһΡ
ĪӻͷһӣиеЩϲãԴҲͻƵ꾳֮ʦͽһεĻˣҲ̫ࡣ
ҪʦҲڣǾ͸ˣĪЩź
һιĪӽǺڽеԼǰȻ󿪿ڶ˵
ڽҲˣΪʦһҪ˵
ǺڶһۣĪӺٻύȥʲô飬ѵ֣µķԸﶼĪ׼ʲô顣
Ϊʦ׼ڣһο֮÷ʽΪһСšĪҲûӣֱӱ㿪˵
仰Ǻ˵ķӦȻͬûκα飬ֻص˵ͷڵȴ¶˿ϲ֮ɫȲĿ˵
̫ˣ÷ʽĳΪһСţƾʦΪټʦֺңһܹ÷۷󡣡
ڵĿϲûгãͻȻ΢΢üͷĿɽɨһۣȻҡҡͷ
ĪӺǿһǳĶ֪һڴʲôСˣҲ˵ôڡ
ע⵽ĪӺǵĿ⣬ںƤڵʦҪɣ⵱Ȼĺ£÷۵˶ǲЩϡ٣ֻҺʦˣ÷ʦֲ¶棬ʱˣ⿪֮ǲЩˣ
ȷЩᣬأĪӷһ䡣
ԵӾãʦռӣ÷۵ڼЦ˵
ǲѾѡ׼ΪʦƼһ£Ī̧֣īȳУȻҲЦ˵
ĪеīȣһƤЦģϵıɫһҡͷһ߻شʦƼֻϴκ͵һļѣʦ˼ҷǳĽõӰæʵģµҲԸⰡ
˵꣬ĪеīȾͳƨϡĪûκεѹīȱôһ£ҲʹĽһȻѾתܡ
ܿĪҲ׷ϣеīȻҡҡͷ
ʱһתۣ͵أºӹĸĸУֱüΪˡ
ĪɽҲܹĪࡢĪһ˱仯٣ӳˣڼҲӶˡ
صУǰӰټѧûΪȫͬĪɽһ˳˵ĸо
ؼеշǳãĪɽҲѵõûдߴĪࡢĪǸԵ¡
ع׼ٴ֮ǰĪһֵ⣬ȵ֮ʱҪæдһ±ͣͬʱҲ÷ͽҪ󣬽Ȼٶԭ
ԣǰѣ÷۵ǽ뷨ϿûϷˡ
ԭܲĪΪӵĴ㣬Īӵһ仰ȥˡ
ҪյҲԣգǰΪʦҲ÷۵ǽ
Īӵ仰޻˵ǰΪͽԸ⣬ԼҲԸⰡ
ȱ˵ûͽʸ񣬾˵ͻȻͽܣݵת䣬ͻܱŤ


ʮ հ׵
ٴ뿪ɽûãҲ³ˡ
Ǻ̫ͣãңͻ׼÷۵Ŀ֮
ĪࡢĪˣûмȥ֮󣬱øӳˣͬʱԼ֮ǰĴҲһЩı䡣
ӹ磬Ĳ㣬̵ʶԼС
ӸټѧУͬѧеٮٮߣʦµĵӣɷ棬Աطİټѧõӣֻ֮ͬУȽһ㲻һ
֮ĪࡢĪ˾ͻصӸǸԵʦʾϣȥ֧ѧϰ
˵ľĪӺĪɽ򸾶ʾͬΨһĪɽЩĵľǣũҺҽҵ֧ȻԶҲطĪࡢĪȥˣҲҪֿѧģƽºѻӦϡ
ĪࡢĪȥ֧ѧǳ˳ҪĪӲ֣ǸԵʦѾˣ֮һ£˾ͳˡ
֮ǰĪָ׼˲ٶ֮ǰʱ࣬˲Ǯ˴ţӦûõõ
ӺĪࡢĪȫˣºӹǱߣҲ±
ĪɽԭΪĪࡢĪˣܹߣһŮɼҵû뵽ˣһȥҪʱܻ
ȻŮľʾͬŮˣлĲᡣ
ЩҲӦĪࡢĪ˾ѧӣԼƽҲһʱ䣬Ҳϰˡ
ع󲻾ãһ죬Īһöп¼Լո뵽˼·ͻȻо˽ɽķΧͣϵĶ
ûãĪӾͿһЩʿϴЦݣ÷ǰ
΢һ£ĪӾǰȽˣҲհ׵߼
հ׵ˣʱǰϴЦ⣬ĪӾʹ²³Էˡ
һĪӣ̶ĪһȻ󿪿ڵϼҳĪ
ĪӿǰˣȻͬ¶һ˿Цݿڵհױϲİɣ
˵˵ͷ˵ҼٷϲһӣҼҹ֮ǰȥһ𣡡
˵꣬˱΢һ£̼͵ԭܲǰܲʱ£ط޵֮⣬ĪҪ֣
޷Ī΢΢˵ͷ˭û⡣
һհ׵֮УѾдУʱ䣬Ҳ⼸ոոĪʵ֮ǰ룬հʲôʱϢںϢȻڶˡ
Ҽգ׼һ£ȻҺһȥݣ⼸ɽСסĪӶǰ˵
רĪģһȻԵΪԣ̻ش
ĪӽɽĿᣬȻǰɽ֮ʼæµˡ
Ӥûа¾ơ֮ϰףӤ֮󣬻ǻ֪ͨһѼһϾҲһϲ顣
ʱ֮ĪӴǰʿһͬǰݡ
ݾڵʱĪһطͣһ£ǼǰĪӺ͵ڶʳսĵط
ʱһƬأΧɽ壬ʵΣǰȴһƬ߻һЩΧľҲȽïܣƺһĵط
˴ǵ˽ս֮ĪҲȤΧһѾԶˡĪһͬ˶Ī˵
ˣȥݰɣĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ԼսµĺۼӣĪжһĸо
ǰű˵Ĵ˵ԼҲ˱˿еĴ˵ָоǳ
ݵݣĪ˲һʱ䣬㵽հְҫ
հְҫΪһˣʱ䣬ǳµսۼѾʧˣǰЩϴԵͨգѾݣǨطĲࡣ
븮֮ĪӺܿͼհףҲ֪ǲǳΪ˸ԵʣĪӿհ׵ĵһۣȻо϶һֳΪ˸ĴȰ
Ī֣ĪӵհǰϴһĨֹסЦݡ
ϲϲùӣĪЦŹϲһ䡣
ҪлĪֵҵĳɻû뵽ôˡհһЦţһ߽Īһ䷿ڡ
һ뷿䣬ĪӾͿǸԼķһƵӤͰڷڷ۵λá
ھµӤϣһԲཱུӤڴϰ˯һƽƵᱡ£ôγĻ
Ӥڰ˯Сһհײķŵ
Ī֣ҵĺˣհкˣ
ѹհϵЦȴȻš
ĪӻͷһհףͬҲѹʵȡ𣿡
Һˣ⺢ȡպհ׻ش
պ֣Īӿհ׵ĿУһ˿ѯ֮ɫ
հû̻ش𣬶ǽĪӴ˷䣬ſ˵ҽһЩǺȡպʵҪ⡣
Īԣ΢΢˵ͷûټ⡣
֮ĪӼողӲãûڷϢǺûһڸĴ
ټĪ֮ǰдλݺʶĹѣ˵꺢֮ģ΢ЩΪ˵ǲڵ£ҩȵֶΣܽ⡣
ĪӵֵҲǳ飬հ׺Ī̸˺һӣֱ˵ѹ֮ǰȥչ˺ˡ
ѹˣհ׼ĪһҲĪӻص˸ղŵķ䣬ѾѹĺӣڻС
Сһĸ׵Ļһ˫峺۾סҿΪá
հǰȥĻнӹӣСĵıڻĪӼ״ǰȥϸ۲հ׻еСһ
Ѿ˯Сһ￴ſĪӣҲһ㶼£۾Īӣֽ΢΢ҵİڶСֿЦһ㡣
Ī֮ˣĹˮľ֮֮ĪӵϢǳƽͣӤһ㣬鴿￿
ĪִһӤ۵С֣ȻһֻУóĪڳ֮ǰƵһ鳤ִ˺ͯĲϡ
հ׿鳤̺һ͵֮Ҳǳ£ȻƷߣȴһ֮
հҲδƴǣֻǶĪӵͷ˵лĪ
ڻеĺӣƺҲԼϣһǳȤĶƺҪȥץСֲϰڶţǰĳǲɵֵøˡ


ʮ ݷõػ
Īǲҳɻ֮ʱ𣬾͵ҪҵĺΪµӣȺͳǸ⺢ӵġ
ҹĻ٣ԺеʯԣհжžƱһԵĪЦ˵
ǵȻ⺢պһµӣʦģȻҪǰһ¡ĪĿбſհһۣ˳Ļ˵
ĪֹȻĿⳤԶô뵽ˡհûĪӵЦ˵
мҪ鷳㡣ĪͻȻתͷ֣صĿհס
հ׿Īӵı飬ϵЦҲ
ĪкУضĪʧ
Ī΢΢˵ͷȻ󿪿˵֪ɢ޳֮ҲƵģ˴֮ǰ·ٹЩ꣬ҾҪԴ֣֮Ԫɾ硣
˵Ī΢΢ͣһ£ҪԼ˵ȴհһڵ
ĪֿҪֶ֮û⣡
հ׵ĻĪЦҡҡͷˣֶ֮оУҪģԪɾ֮ϵǲƬ߲ݴ֮ҲԣֻҪָܹǰ·ɣ
Ҳ֪ԪɾϵĹ󣬹ʶҲǰװҪóһЩ裬Ҳֱ
հüͷһû뵽ĪҪľȻ΢һ£հױ㿪ڵĪ裬һҪгһ£ӦܹĪ󡣡
Īԣ˵ͷһл֮󣬾Ͳˡ
ӽõԪɾ֮ϵĹ˵׵һ·òĪӻ뵽İ취
ˣһ飬Ҵ÷ʽĳΪһСţԼп֮Ⱥ˵һȥ֮ٸʱǵһҪ˵Ԫɾ֮£Īհ˵Լ׼Ҫɵ¡
Ŵԣհһ÷۳ΪһСţǴĺĪӣǿɵˣڰټ֮еʷһЩ¼ʷ˵ı£ҲŨīزʵһʡ
ĪҪɣʱضǰףأհЦŵͷ˵
˵֮˽࣬ͬӰʱ̸˵أҲ𵱳£ʱհ׾ͻ̶̼̾ʱ⣬˺͵ȣѾ㾳ˡ
ҵӣѾΪ˵ιصһ֮𣬲ѾȢӡʱ꾳СʿҲ˴ĸ֣ҼҪɡ
ʱţĶڷű仯һжõķ仯ȻЩĲ⣬ҲֻȻˡ
Īҫһʱ䣬ֱ˱պ֮΢ҫһ͸̤˹;
ȥ·ϣĪڲͣһ£ȥݷһɽػڵĳˣǰĪӺ佻ڳ˵֮ĪӻǷǳģδ·Űݷһ£˳㿴ͷĳǷ˷ĳ̶ȡ
ĪӵΪ˻ָԼ飬ͬʱס첻⣬Ϊ鱦ںͳ˽֮иоãܹ޸һҲµ
īȵļ֮ȻĪӵĲݣպﵽɱĲָտɴΪһСŵĴзѾ㹻ˣټĪеľԪ飬ѾһЩͨСŴˡ
ЩţһīȣһöľԪ飬ķлǲ
ܹΪ޵ı֮պ÷۵ĵڷһ֮ЩţҲ˿ѷɫй֮
ػھͽھɽɽԶĵطƽػ߼ͬʱҲеſܻɽ񣬲ɽӰ쵽ɽİա
ĪػڣԼݣĵػڵͨһȻûãͼ˳ˡ
Էһͷĳͬɫĺӣ˾ͬһԾĻһ㣬ǰݷõĪӣԵüΪˡ
겻Էͷһͷɫͷɻûбĳ̶ȣһĪӿĿÿһ˿֮У·Ż棬Ѿˡ
ƺע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬Ҳ˿ܻ䣬һ߽ĪţһЦſڽ͵һκ͵ѽһϴλ֮󣬳˼÷֮⣬ҽڻ֮ĸ򣬻йصҲ뷢˿֮У׽˷˿ʲ⣬̶ָտɴ
ô˵ȫǹάһĪӽĪԴ˼·о֮ԽԽԼҲ԰˼·һ·˿ǿȣһ֮󣬾Ȼĳɹˡ
ϴκεѽҲǳԴ˴·صǰһµѣҲϣ͵Ѽһ¡Īԣ΢Ц˵
ʱãٹգҲҪػһ𣬵ʱ˿һ۵һĪӵĻϵЦݸӲá
ҵʱ򣡡ĪŴԣҲЩˡ
Ѫҹصʱ򣬽ԼǳչˣЩУǳ֮⣬ԼõһָԼܶϵĹϡ
ԴĪӴѪҹػ֮󣬾ҲûмλϣĪӵȻҪ
Ҫʱܵڴ֮ǰĪҪڵػͣգȻҲٲڵػڲιһ¡
ĪϾ׼Ҫˣι۵ĹУ˳Ҳѧϰһ¡
ػפؾһɽԱߣȻͻɽ΢һξ룬֮Ҳǳȡ
һɽػڵȴҪܵɽЩɢ޻СʿڻɽƷ
ػڵʿֱӷһػɽУػڣػڵǿӪһƬѵ
ĪڲιЩʱʶĲǵػ֮Уػܣǿš
ȥ֮󷨺ǳ֮ҲҪˣֶΣĪ뵽Ѫҹصɱеɽ
ʽļķĪһˣǰʱΪ϶࣬һʱûйϣȻ˲٣ÿͷ޵ӹúܳʵǰ֮Ժˡ
ڵػڵ⼸ʱ䣬ĪҲֵػڲóҲмλ֮ĳϡ
ػڵĵ̫࣬඼ó֮ĵӣ۷ҩΪռġ
Ϊ۸ַҩػȻֻһ۵СţϵȴǳĸӣЩʲϣͨСŻС͵ػǣȴǲ٣лǰݵڡ
ĪӽЩУȻЩȺȴûⷽѧϰĴ㡣
պ÷ע̫ĵӣҲ̫ģѹ㷺Ȼһ£֮ˣվĻԼ


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ڵػͣ˼գڶĪ֮λɢ޸ֱֵú͵һ̬Ⱥƣͬʱһ˿֮ɫ
ѪҹһٴȴԺһˣȻ֪ǳ飬Ҳδ뵽һô磬ĪѱЦĪ˵
ĪӴλɢ޸֣⼸ΪǿһЩ֮⣬Է͵ûκα仯
ҪлѵЯ֮ĪҲ΢ЦŴ˸к
Īڴ˵㼸ˣѼȻˣˣ۵һཻӡ֤ãһԵĳҲ˵
֮˾һ𣬻ཻ۵һֱĻ⣬±˴裬һ۵Ҳٵ·ˣܹܿΪѡ
Īػڣԭй˼ϣܹһĽһڿʼ۵֮Ⱦ˵ƷĻ⡣
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곤˵ĽĪкܿף޸ˣƾһ㣬⼸յĵȴûа׷ѡ
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ⳡһʱ䣬ȵʱ֮ͣиһ裬䶼ôá
ĪЩȵ𣬹Ȼ˵֮ʶ֮㣬֮ߣĪĪ˵
Ѫҹصʱ򣬾ͺĪӽֻʱĪ񾳽ΪһȺʿУʱǸżὲһЩˮľ֮Ҳ̫С
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Ī⼸ȴʱԼ׼ģʽͳ֮һػڵĿľȫˡ
뿪˵ػڣĪмûͣܿͻصݡ
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Īû˵ԪˣйǨ˶ܹóΪɵ÷ۣԼҪ顣
ĪĬȻӣԪЦſڵĪ黳ǰĪѴк⣬й۰Ǩһ£ϣܹæ
ԪѾܷԸĪӵͷ˵
Ҵ㽫йߣĪһ֮Ԫһ䣬ĪӾ̴ӦˣϾ˵ֻǾ֮Ͷѡ
ڶʱ֣й۵ӵע£йڵɽȣǿӲĴӴϰ𣬻̧ȥ
̷ǳСģ˿û˵·Ŵ΢й۵פأ׵ĺһƬ뿪߸ߵоС
ĪӺԪ׾ٵ̧й۵פأӸȥڵµפ֮һ˼ой۵פأһѸٵĹ·ĵй۵פİúá
й۰ᵽӸͬʱй۰ǨϢҲٵĴˣͬʱ洫ĻһϢǾ÷ۼҪп֮ʽΪһСš
Ϣܿ챻Щյ֤ʵˣٽй۰Ǩ뿪Ӱأһʱ֮䣬ЩΪй۰ǨΪ˱â
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һЩйҲǴõˣһո׼ɵСţûбҪѡ˱ܣӦ˱ܵ÷۲Ŷԡ


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Χ۵Īӻй۵˶ûᣬй۵˵ȻѾǨµĵطʲôԭڶûмƽϵıҪ
иĵͷܻһЩ뷨ϸһ룬ʵҲûʲô˵ģǨµĵطǵõĺôࡣ
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¼ǶԴ˶⣬ЩҲܿʧˣĬĲ⡣
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ĪӲͣϾΪ߹صͳ˧֮һѪĺҲΪôһС£׵뿪߹ء
Ȼ֪ͣ黹Ҫ֪һģĪλٵչˣܽԷĪһȥ
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ЩżӵĽ֮⣬ľȫɾһ׼ʱдͣһ棬ҲǸǺ׼ġ
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ԭǸǵģǴһ䱸ıȽصĵӣĪҲû뿪ɽ
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ɽļλ֣˿̿ͷǺҲ֪÷۵Ŀ֮Ҫʽʼˣһ߳Լסžп֮ĵطȥ
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Ԫϸһڣ֪ĪһλӣǰҲΣʻȥ΢Щŵй۲ٵҲн顣
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ĪԼΪǿȻǺ˾壬Ƕ˵ҲǷǳҪģĳ̶ֳ˵µ㣬ʹŵĴȹ̡
ɽĪ֣ĪӣֻҪûд⣬Ա֤÷ǧ괫ʢ
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ӭӱͣ÷ǰкŽıд
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Ϊ÷ǰĳغСĪʱ䳡Ľ÷ǰΪ˲Եͻأ󷨣ʹһЩռֶΣԱܹеı͡
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ָɴĿһĪйѧϰһֿҲʺ˶ϡٵ÷ۡ
ĪʽʽʼǺڣԼͬɫ۵ߵĪӵߣСһ̣żƷĪӵǰ
Īһֽ̯Ȼʼ
ɽ÷ۣʳһٰʮʦ÷˽٣һ硭
ĪЩݣ·бͶţڽ÷۴еǿɱҪеĵһڡ
ĪЩݣڳУһЩ˵Ͻ¶˾ݡ
̶ʮ֮һȫͨɢ޴Уʽɣ÷۵ķչٶ֮죬˲òеľ
ĪӽвϲǺܶϣתͶ֮УѾ׼÷һݣǵҲͬһݡ
һ֮ĪתٴδһѾдõļģݺ͵й۾λĲ࣬ΪһֵۡţǱġ
һȽϿ﷦ζĻڣĪڲμйۿ֮ʱ˽»ںհ졣
ûг̫ʱ䣬ĪӺܿͽݼ꣬ݹλ֮תͶУţĪӴеϣ˵Ʒ
һͨͨġ׵Ī̤֮·ɽ̲ģɡ׵ʼѧϰ֣еġ
ĪӷʱͷϿգһյƸɢ͵Ĺâ·ܹÿ˵С
ѧɵƣ
һЩϳƷҲûκ⣬ĪеϢء
ޣУ컯
ĪӵһԵǺҲͬʱڣŲõ۵Ҳͬڱš׵
Ȼ˵ûейڵʱֺƣ˵ͷĹƣȴֶͬһЧ
˵Ļ۳һɣҲԶͷ·ʣɽӰأӸ
ڳڶжҲоرڹƵ¡
˹Ƶ֮⣬һֱɽϿյһƬǳ֮γɵǺһǳҲһⴹ䣬뵽ڳ͵ϡ
ǳֵ֮ıͣȫû뵽ĪӻôֱʣȻϿյǳ֮Ͷ£ڳһô
ĪֹͣɽϿʣµһǳͻȻٵתոɢ
һſŽɫǳΧȻһǳ֮֮д䣬ӰأԶطİյϡ
һƬʵĽ֮УĪٴοڡ÷۽տɣŹµӹλͬ
һֵʦηأ
ڶͬʦͽף
ģĪɱ¾
ģΪ壬Ī֮
ŹµӾĹص£ɳɵв࣡
ʦʦ̻壡ǡڡͬʱ
ɣԽ÷ڴɽţ֮лλ͹֤ͬһƬ貵ǳ֮ӳ£Ī΢Цڳʩһ÷ʽΪһСš
ԣڳбվĪӻһص
صѿɣ࣬
ǡһеĽɢɽе÷ҡһƬŵǹ⣬ϴΧȺɽɽۣγһƬµĪӺڳͬʱĿȥ


ʮһ 
ɽΧΧɽ۹÷£ɽΧƬضȾһƬɫһһɲľķ㡣
÷ҡţ渲һɫǳ֮ڱǵ㣬·ҫǳǳƯ
Щ۵÷ϣû÷̰θߣĪȴо÷ıԴ׳˲١
Īӵĸ֪У÷ϣһĪϤ˵
Χ۶ûг̫ãƬ̵Ĺ㱻մû΢紵÷˿ҡҷţͺڿĵ㵸һ㡣
ȻĪӷǳȷ÷ûеǣֻԽԵ˶ѡ
Ӧ˵ĪӻǰЩ񻰹£Լ֮֮˽⣬вɵһͷ
ò÷÷ѹ֮ɣ
ͷոĪӾͼ϶ԼĲ²⡣
÷ͨ죬ȫ÷йأԴ÷ķţ÷˷ס
ĪӼǵԼո÷۵ʱ÷ûǳ÷Ȼ̺һЩЧã;൱ޡ
ֱݵ޲ɽ֣÷Կٳɳ֮־ټѧüλİĪӵˮ⣬÷󷨵ǳ֮ԼĪӡǵ˲ʹ÷ڳɳĵز
һĳɳУ÷÷Ѿܲɷˣ÷ʽΪСţһǹ÷Ϊѹ֮Ҳ˳µ顣
÷ۺøԵڶУвҲкĪͬĲ²⣬˵Ԫ˵ˡ
Ϊ֣ҲС֮ȻЩ˽⣬Եһʱ뵽ҲЩĽ
֮ûôؿ£Ҳǲɺӵģͱ˵ʳˡ
ÿ鶼ˣŽ֮ͬҲˣȻ޷ȫŵ˥ʢܹŵķչкôġ
Ȼʱ£ᷢ仯ĥԴʱ򣬺Ѱס˵Ĺɣѹ֮Ǿܹһ̶ϰסˣŵķչΪкô
ϲû鱦ֶѹ˵ƷҲȻ廨ţ඼Ƿ֮࣬Ŵ÷ָոʽɣѹ֮Сţ֮١
֮Īû뵽֮ϲԭ׼鱦Ԫ«Ϊѹ֮÷дãȻǸˡ
ĪӵЦݺڶ͵ĽУ÷۵Ŀ֮ʽˣڶҲ½뿪ڴЩæɢѣÿһλ뿪ıһݻ
Щĸ֣ĪԽͳȥ˳һݻ
ϵĻҪ÷÷ƣһЩƷ
ˣպϾǰһۣ
΢ЦŽݵļĸͳȥ֮ҪĪ͵ģϾߵĲˣֻʣհе̵һ÷ƣȫԼˡ
Ī֣ϲʽĳһĪˣհ׶Ī˵
ĪЦЦհ׵Ķ棬Ȼ󿪿˵÷ʽˣϺǰҲʲô仯ֻȴʦһ׮Ըʽ÷۵ĴУûбҪȤң
հĪӵĻͻȻóһŵĪӵǰ˵΢һ㣬ݺûüڣھ͵ɣҪĶ
Īӿǰһϻ̧ͷһհףȻ潫ϻ򿪣һöǳµɫ
Īӱ֪ʲôɵٴ̧ͷհף΢˶٣Ż³֡
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ҽ飬αлѾŪˣҪп֮Ǿ͵ĺ͸㣬Ҳʡٸһհ׼΢Ц˵
ĪԣҲûٶ໰ֱֽϻص
ĪհվĪʩһȻ˵ݻвٵҪʵڲ͸ˣĪҲͣպϾݰң
ˣҲͲˣĪ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
հ˵Լæ⻹治ʲôдʣһĪǰݣһ̸ʱհ׾Ҫݴʩĸ뷨ʱĪӻһЩ⡣
ʱ䣬հ׸ĸʩѾʼˣԿ֮ıȽҪҴҵĸϻȥ
հһбˣһĪһֱͬʱҲһ൱ˣӰأΣյĺݣܹһɼ
񾭹ĥ£øǿƫԶ֮أհҲͬҪһɾͣҲ׷
ȵհ뿪ǰμӿ֮ıͣϾͶѾˣɽ»ָ˰
Īʩ÷ǰʱĹ㳡ͻӦڵλã½ɽָԭòȻ˶ټߡ
ǰǡڡԼЩǰæɢޣĪϴº͵ЦݣȶЩɢޱʾ˸лʱǰæ÷۵Ŀܾ֮е˳
Īӵĸлаæɢ޶ǫƲңǾԼҲûʲôǰæӣȣЩӭ·Ĺѡ
Щɢ޵ı֣ĪϵЦҲûʲô仯һӣǰͳ˲ٵĶƯЩɢ޵ǰ
ǰæ֮ǰѾŵǺôЩӦõģǰո裬ÿ˿Դѡ
ĪӵĻٿǰƯѶЩɢж¶Ķ֮ɫ
ǰЩ˷ҩȵȸֶǶΪηǳõĶһڶһ֮ĪӵлȻſʼѡ
ôɢޱֵ΢ЩԥȻǰĶҲǳ۲ûѡ񣬶ĿĵڣתصĪӵϡ˻һۣͺʲôҪһ㣬͵ĹĪӵǰ
˲ҪЩֻǿǰȱҵȽ÷ǽȻһ۵ӣҲĸԸ
˻һ䣬ѡɢ̷Ӧ˲ǰЩҲĪӵǰͬʱڵǰȱҵҲԸ÷ǽ
ĪӿǰЩˣٴһӣе˷ĿƳһһԵڣֿЩۺϣ֮ɫɢޣͷһתȻ󿪿˵
ԲҲ֮ģ÷۳ֻһС۶ѣҲ̲ʲô÷۵ĵ̣ҲṩȽ֮ģҲһڻؾȡ
ɣȥԺΪ񾳽磬÷ǽұΪӣ׼󣡡


ʮ 
֮÷ۻָյЩɢջ뿪ˣȻûеóԸôõһЩĪӵһŵΪ񾳽磬ܳΪĪӵļӡ
ĵǸʱ򣬿ѡҲ̫࣬񾳽磬С֮УѾܹΪˣΪҪܵ÷һӣ
ĪҲһ㣬ŸһŵһʱԸܵ÷һӣĪӵȻԸա
񾳽ʿֻΪһӣ÷¾ڱס
Щɢһͬ뿪ĻڣΪûдﵽһ̶֮ǰķʽʺķʽ
÷»ָƽϾʽˣٻҪǰֳЩͬĪҲûʲôľٶɽ˼ΣӰصķΧһƪ֮Լͷ˼ε
ҲѧϰĪȥڵľݣĸо뾵йص˾ݰյķ棬ͯɶҲǵ
ʱĪӾʶһĴţӦþӰ
÷ʽɣЩŵȻ޷ᲢۣĪԸΪŬܹﵽͬЩŰӰӰӦøشһЩõӰ죬õصİ棬Ҳ÷Ӱظȹ̡
ĪӲһͣں̵ܶʱھ͸ıӰأȻԣڱصİ˵ȴЩ̫ͻأˡĪӴӵ𲽵ĸı䣬ÿһµı仯ҲôһĹ̡
ͬʱôԸ÷ˢһˢڸУϾ÷µϡ٣ϲ˵ڣǺĪӶͷޣµԸҲ࣬Īӻ浣Լ÷۵Ĵڸлǳ
ĪڸıӰأպǺĵҲУҲһС
һϣɽϵΣǸڿһʱ֮󣬾ȥˣܵ䳡ȥĪͻȻԵ˵
⺢ӵϸһûʹ㣬Ϊʦ˵˵ɣ
ǻѾüˣ֮ǰһֱæ֮£Īһֱûϸѯʹǡ
ʱĪϸ۲죬涼൱ѾϿͽϸ˽һ
Īӵʻ΢֯һ»Ȼ󿪿˵ʦ⺢ǵӺĪࡢĪһġ
⺢ӵʱһس⣬СС͵Լһ˸ءĪһ˸ɵ࣬ũ֮׼뿪ʱ⺢Īӵ֣Īܹҵ˵ԺҪĪ
ӳʼҲû⣬ֱ;УǴطʱǸʱںһȺӴܣһЩˣһһѡ
Ī˳Щ⣬סһλݼУӹò̫á
ĪһֱĵţǽףΪôĽ䱸֮ɫ
֮ǰʱ䷵ΪͽΪǺסķзһЩһЩֽ鲼֮Ķд֣ĸ֮󣬰˵֣Ī֡
Ϊͽ֮ǰҲúõĹ۲һʱ䣬ĽЩ˶ܼķΧܵȥرǡ˵꣬Ŀ⿴䳡ķ
Ī΢΢˵ͷˣΪʲôҪΪͽˣ֮һ棬ص⺢ӵԡ
ΪһЩԱмĽ䱸ڰˣȫУ֪ͼǷǳѵõƷˡ
տʼź֮Խ̵һʱĪӻĿ˵
лʦԣ¶һɾʵЦݡ
ĪԽ̵ȻҪ̵úãԼȻ㲻ϲԴǣƽҲһˣΪȻ񾳽ڣ̵ӣԼܹоĽ̿ˮƽԲĪӡ
ʶֵģһЩҲ⣬½һЩʱӦĪԽ̵ܹܿˡ
ڶ죬ڽǵĽ̵֮󣬿ʼڽĪӵĽ̵һϵĹԼҲܹĸоԼʦʦߵڿˮƽȫͲһˮƽϡ
Լʦ̿ΣݽȻζطЩ⣬ʦڿΣͬݶܹȤЩҶҪעĵطķǳ
ڿν֮͵͵ĿһԼʦĿеĹ֮ɫ̾ͱǷˣޱĻͷһۣԹܵһߣȥѧˡ
Īӿʦͽ˵СиоȤת뵽Լǰ̵ǺڵʱƺҲһЩСȻ֮䣬ĪӶڡС֣ƺһݸ̵⡣
ɽϵ˼ƽӰأĪӴһƪ֮Լν֮ӰصİУȻмѸоǰһЩ
ͨ⼸ˣΧ֤ʵĪӴµ֮ʵԣʱӰذգҲ׷׸ĵ֮˴˼仹ᾭ
ЩյҲͼܹɵõرЩһЩģﶼϣãֻǸоȤϾЩ֮˵ĶǰɶûнӴ
÷۵Ī֮ûµʱһ£Ȼûʲôܹǿ壬ѾǷǳõˡ
֮ԺھֶһԸɣƽͱ̸۵ĻҲֶһ㡣
ҵķͣӰصİռ˿ʼ֮ڽسǣҲĽǰѧϰرЩкӵģ˭ϣһߡ
Ӹʿ÷ʽ֮ĵһٴ룬вûʲôر뷨һЩȥЩڵݸȻ֪ЩطЩҲɵġ
ִ֮ķʽСҲЧ¹ֻЩţ󲿷ֵСʼնһӰǴµ֮ھһʱ֮󣬼е˲ࡣ
֮Ȼһ£ɢҲΪ֮֮·ģֻӰܱ֮ӶãҪʱ֤
ڴɢ÷ܹЩһõ֮ȥ
Ͼ֮ӶľܹڤʼٵһҲһ׵£Խ˼ԽӵˣԽһĪһҲ˲ٵʱ䡣
УʲôЧķѵʱ仹٣û£Ҫڣٵֻ֮òٵ˷
ڶӸصһƬУ÷ʽɵĵһ꣬п֮ͬһ죬һƬǳ֮ɽϿ䣬Ӱء
Ӱظϼ֮ģ÷ÿĩһգǳ֮棬ԹףĪӵĻһ̣Ӹصߴɵˡ


ʮ ľ⡷
ǳ֮ӰذֻÿĩһΣҸǷΧֻһ֮أҲڶӸʿеԾˡ
Ҷ֣С÷۵ȻЩѧϰȡᡣ
һʱ֮䣬ܶӸʿ׷׵׼ǰӰأﰲ仧
ǳ֮Ƕֻ֪ÿһΣҲ󣬻ٳɶ֮£һʱ䣬ܹǽǺڵȫһ飬õܴ
ڶʿӰ֮Ӱе֮أȻǲǷֵģΪ˱Щʿ˴Īصɳȥһ¡
νľ棬ȻҪӲʩھһ紵ƶӰϿһƬذ֮󣬵ӰصЩһʵʵġ
ͬʱӸ֪ˣ÷۲ֻһĪӳŵģĪӵĵǣҲһʵǳǿ񾳽翰ƿֲĴڡ
ǳ֮÷۵ٴߣϾһ˵һ˵ʵҲֻһˡ
ӰصԽԽ࣬ȥĪʱ䣬оհĿۺ
ǷмصģĪ֮ǰհףԼŪԪɾϵСľ⡷
հ׶ĪеǳģҲһľ֮ĹûҪĪκεĶֱӽź;͹ˡ
ݡľ⡷һĹֻɾ磬ĹûбĪ˵ѾˣҪģҲһݹԪ֮·ǰʲôͬ
ݹ֮УĪӶԪɾϵһΪ˽⡣
ĸ֣ڶɹ֣ɾԪ֮ڵɱΪ뵽ɾ磬ҲԪƺб仯Ȼ׸
Īǰ·һغϵ㣬Ԫˮ¼еĹ͡ľ⡷ĵ·ϣǺϵģߵĸ̶ȲͬԪˮ¼ݡľ⡷Ȼ߳˲ֹһ
ľ⡷Ҳȡֵ֮Īϸоȡ̣Խһ޸һ¡Ԫˮ¼
Īߵĵ·Ѿǵˮ֮ˣԹϣҲȫաԪˮ¼
ɾ絽ɾ磬ĹĹԪɾͻƵɾ磬صҲԪı仯һûʲôͻʹõķͬ
ľ⡷ߵĵ·ǻڹͼ黯棬ɾط࣬Ԫķ
Ԫˮ¼УһӲԪǿõͨԪͨˮɡ
ֵ·ûʲô֣֮ϸϸ׷Իӵġ
˷һ˵΢ȡһЩͻףͻ֮ʵҲܴȱǶԪߣ硶Ԫˮ¼
ĪáԪˮ¼ĹͻƵɾ磬Ԫǿ̶ϣڷ̶ϣҪɸǿһЩ
Ԫˮ¼һҪķѵʱ䣬ҲҪ࣬ѶҪߺܶࡣ
ܽ·ͻɾ󣬿µõĺô󣡡Ī΢Щȵ뵽
ݡľ⡷ͺ·ˣĪѾ˽Ԫɾϵ·ֻ˽һ֣Ī˵ȴѾȫˡ
ĵ·ԺΪԪɾ磬ȻиĻᣬõԪɾϵĹߺԪɽܹء
ݡľ⡷ĪӵİԪɾԺ·Īľ֮Ҳͬмİ
÷ʽɵڶĵĸ£Ҳ÷ļڡ
վ÷ǰ̧ͷһſŽӲӵĹʵǹ˵ķ㣬˫֮¶һĨĶ֮ɫ
Ҳ֪÷ȫĺܹͯܵģֻվ£۰Ͱ͵ϵĹʵ
ʦ÷ƺ˲٣ԶĿͬ÷ϵĹʵо÷ûôˣɵתͷĪ˵
ĪҲڿ÷ϵĹʵȷȥʱ˲١
÷һʮûʲô⣬ܻ٣Ȼδһ£ĪʶһɨϵĹʵȻ˵
ԣٴο˿÷漴һ÷ϸԷµһöʵƮ䵽ǵǰ
ǽеһŵݸĪӣȻԼóȥһţУĪҲͬǿ÷С
һҧ£ţĿ֮ͬʱһĨ⡣
ĪӻûʲôӦһԵǿٵĽ÷£Ϳʼԭش
ȻֱøˣĪӿһۣȻ˹ƷԼе÷
ͨһο֮һ÷ЧȻֱøǿˣڸϵʵΪԭ÷ζѾ൱ˣٳ߸ͷһȻϼѣܹһ㣬ѾǾϲˡ
÷صĻЧĪӷһţڶܹԸоԼڵЧºͣһɴǳ֮Լɢһ˼֮һֱԼüģһ֮УĪӸоΪ֮һ
վ÷µͷԼʦʦ˵ĿгĽҲ÷վ۲
ƺԽ˵Ĺ㣬΢΢ʱӣһ˿ʣתͷ䳡ķͬʱа¾ԼһҪúȡճ÷
һĨԻִȥ䳡ͼǿˡ
ĪӸоԴǣϵϢһӿƺʱҪͻƵ񾳽һ㣬ֻӳһ⣬ǵϣϵϢƽͬʱҲҪͻƵѹȥ
Ƭ̹֮ǻ˫ۣĪеһ
лʦ
ٴĥһӰɣһξͲѹˣĪ˵
ΪٶҲǳ죬ͻƵ񾳽ڻʱǻԼĥһ㡣
ĪϣܾܵСͨǱǳǿպʹСͨԵУĵҲԲ٣ǱҪ¸ӼʵĸӦպСͨġ
ףӦһ
ȵΪͻƵ񾳽֮󣬵ʱΪʦһȻǳʹ࣬ҲͬǳãȻҪҪջԼΪǸղŲͻƵ񾳽ڣĪԼѾ޸ĵĲʱ򴫸ˡ
պһǸƵİǼ˵пܳɾһ鱦ķǿյۣĪͻȻ뵽ǸԪɴߵİ׹뵽


ʮ Ҷ
Ȼܲܳɾһ鱦ķȡǸǼԪɵ֮ûбԷá
ĪӲλԪɣῴǸǼôһȥʹá
ܲûǸǼ⻹һδ֪
÷ȻˣĪӾǽժ£Сĵķ棬һ֣Ҫ͵ټѧȥʣµĻҪ÷ǿ֧ˡ
ʱܿ͵һµĩһ죬ҹĻٵʱӰصˣ߳˷⣬̧ͷգƺڵȴʲô
֮ɽϿգһɫĹֱĳʣһ߶ȺɢһƬɫǳ֮Ŵֶ¡
·ȴǣԡƬǳ֮Уоƣһɨգȫ´ﵽ⣬оǳ
ЩհӰزõ˵ǱӰرصİոӸˣΪǸǳ֮ãҲǰӰصҪԭ
ǳ֮ĸǴų˼ʮʱ䣬ͻʧˣպʱҹĻҲ׽ˡ
Ӱص˶ʶĽĿɽķֻɽĶ壬ƬɫĹ㣬л£ǳۡ
ӰذУѾԽɽһƬɫĹâ֮£ҲܹҹĻУôԼɫɽӰԵضͬʱҲƺһ˰ĵ
Դ÷ʽ֮ĪҲȫҪɽϿǣǳ֮ˣֱӴ󷽷¶ǰҲû˸Ҵʲô⡣
һԭ򣬾ÿһ죬÷۸Ӱذյǳ֮Ҳ÷󷨵תǰֻɹõǳ֮Ҫܶɣ츣Ӱصİա
ǻԵɽ֮󣬽ԡǳ֮ӰصİգҲİ˯Щ㹻ǳ֮ߣҲţʼ˽һ
ӰһƬֻس֮УЩӵĵطڻһƬ
ɽµ÷ãԴ÷ʽ֮󣬾ͺΧˣƽﶼ÷۵ļǰݣá
žҹɫУеͻȻһ⣬ͬһʱ̣÷еĪ̲Ŀɽµã¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ʦ
и֣ĪһʧԭأٴγֵʱѾɽµǰ
Ŵ߳ǵӰĪ¶һЦݣһ
Īӣӭʦع飡
߳ˣȻ÷ˡûлصɽ÷Լĵһʱ䣬ͳԼǰԼĪӣָһԼĺ룬һĨȰ֮ɫ
ߵĪӵǰֽĪӵļֱȻϸĪӣ촽΢΢˶ƺҪ˵ʲôȴֻĪӵļ򣬿³һ֡
ã
ĪͬҲò÷һûжı仯ֻϵŨһЩΪƺһЩ
ʦδңͽȥʶһͽɣ÷һĨĴȰ֮ɫĪӿ˵
ǸĺӰɣߣΪʦҪȥúõʶһ÷˵ͷϵЦݸŨˡ
ԼĪӣ⵽ڲŶãԼͽܵͽܣѾʼͽˣ÷۵ĴУڷ
÷Ҳ֪÷ѾʽΪһСţԼȥһ׮ԸΨһϧǣ÷۵Ŀ֮Լûܹμӡ
ص÷УҹĻ£һǹ÷ǰϤ䷿ݣ÷ɵǰָһ÷
Լķŷǳ⣬Ȼû뵽÷Ȼɳĵز
ĪӽǺе÷ߣ֮ǰ÷̱񣬹Ľһʦ
÷۱СĵӣҲǵһμ÷֪÷֮󣬱÷˹ݴ
÷һ˵ãһҲóһС⣬͸Ժúȡ
Ӽǰ˵һͽܣһΪѵˣΪͻ꾳֮󣬵ӾһһΪʱ޷ݼʦˣݹ÷ĪӼ÷˵
Сڶݹ÷΢߳һģڻûۼ÷
÷ԣ΢΢˰֣ϴһĨЦ⣬ʲôȤ£Ȼ˵ǺӸϹ㣬ǸʲôˣΪʦҲ˽һԺл˵ɣ
÷ĻĪףڸ÷ʱ˵ʲô÷úȤԲżס
ĪҲû̫⣬Ȼѣִ֪磬˵Ļһ㲻
ڼǺ֮÷ǺȥϢˣǵĪ÷½̸
ʦһιܷĪӿ÷һʵ
÷ԣ΢΢ҡҡͷΪʦֻ˳Ҫɾ
֮еĻشĪӵȻֳκεʧ֮ɫֻĵͷȻʵʦһҪʲôҪӳ֮Ԫ֮£ҲмսʦҪ
Īӻû˵꣬ͱ÷ֹ̧סˡ
Ϊʦ֪һƬТģҲ֪ʵΪʦϣ飬֮УõôҲ˻л㣡÷˵š
˵仰÷΢΢Ŀתɽ֮⣬˻ʳ񶼵ķ򣬼˵
ΪʦһҲȥʲôΣյ£ֻ׼һλǰæѣӦʶǻʳϽҶ꣡
Ҷ꣬Ī΢΢һ¡
֮ǰҶޣϢӦûûд÷ͷ˵
ĪԼҶʱ򣬶Էǳϣȷһ޶ӣֻû뵽ô졣
ΪʦͲˣþʳ񶼣ֲ֪֮ʲôʱܹҲõΪʦ֮ٻЩߵģ÷˵֮󣬱վ׼뿪
ʦ£ӾͲʦˣ֮ǰһТʦĪ˵ţȡһ汦ݸ÷
һδλƷеõսƷһǳʺƷһύ÷ˡ
Īӵݵǰı÷һ۱㿴䲻ȴûȥӣ΢΢üͷ
ʦ°ɣǵӵһƬ⣬汦ǵӴһλеõģڵӵУҲû̫ãʦŸáʹ֮ǰʦüһ΢任һ汦󣬱һЩҪ鷳ĪȰһ䣬÷Ž汦¡
ΪʦͺТˣʱޣΪʦȥˣ汦÷Īӵ˵ͷλһһš


ʮ 
һһ÷ֻǴҴҵĻִҴҵ뿪ˣͣʱһλҪ̣ɽһΡ
ĵȽɭϣ÷Ʒ飬ܵܶĹȻҲ͵ǰľйأԲһֱμޱȵСġ
÷û˵֮¶˼ԼҲĪһЩ顣
ڤ֮Уһ֮Ҳ÷ôò¶ԭ
뵽ӷ֮󣬾ҲûһϢǰ˻Īӹƣôõʱȥλǰε˻ʣӦѾȹԼӦڣڤ֮ڻڰл
ȵгһգΪ׵ĵʳ飬վصǵУ͵ڶʳڤͥԿ
һͥԿǵʳʱܹģһĺܣ崦ͳλĵʳӦòΪ׵һ֮һ
ԵĻĪĲ÷գΪ÷Ѿھˣ˵Ѿˡ
ں÷̸У÷˵˵߶֣ķչʱ̫ء
ȵͶԼĳŵʦߵλʱʦӦԱ˰ɣĪ
ʱ֮ɫٴ÷еϸոһΣһư̱ƮĪӵǰһֽǰټѧִµϢˡ
ĪֽһĵһϢǻʳϽҶޡΪʳʣΪĿԪѫҶϽĴȻǾٹͬ
Ϣ֮⣬һϢǻʳһ뷷еʱǰһЩҶҲһЩ
⻹һӸصϢӸĸѾϱʳ׼ϻˡ
λӸĸˣѾ൱ˣҲûжɻˡ
һ;ǱȽƽȣûʲô󹦣ҲûзӸشı仯̫󣬵˵ΪһθǿҲǺϸ
λ˵һ֮ӦҲܻһλֻǲ̫ߣƷƷпܡ
λҲԼ꣬ٵθ׼ȥ帣˳ҲǸÿλá
˰ټѧϢĪ̾һ
ϲǴ˶ҪԵ飬ߣҲӲһأֻҪͨ˸
˶Ե׷֮⣬ҪϲҲ̤·ʵǵһԭ
ĪĿԶԶɽϣһѾɿݵľ·һ̡
ǿѾɿݵľȣһȻСȴɢŲֽ֮ɳһô
һ̣ĪͻȻһ˿վԭأĸ֪ȴѾΧɢ˳ȥɢɽΧȺɽС
ĪӿԷǳĸоȺɽЩľкܶ඼ɢŲͬһЩҲſήš
֮£кܶϸСӣڻѿȴ
ÿһ̣ԭڵĲľʧµͬҲ߿ήĲֻսͿ־壬ĪᵽһĺغͿɹ
ÿһСֻ֮мҰݣҲͬ漣ؼ֮ܿܿһ
ÿһӵͬĺۼȻǣջᱻʱĥµӣȴһķһĴС
ЩĪϸֳһĨЦݣ󻺻ı˫ۣͰվԭأʶȴѾ˹ͼ֮УΪޱˮǿò
ĪչӴŽޱߵˮ̧ͷͷǳĶԼ֦Ҷ
֦ҶİڶУÿһƬԭҶٵıÿݻƣʧȥȻƮ䣬䵽·ޱˮˮϡ
ЩҶ£ĪӸоΧĿռ䣬ƺһ˿䣬ţһ󺮷紵Ƭռ֮УȻһƬƬѩ
ĪӸоԼѾùͺͺ֦ϣܿͱЩѩǣָأݺ䣬ȴĪӾһֻ˯ĸо
ڤڤ֮һĪӣԼؿָо˳ָо˯ȥͺãȵԼһжǻȻһµģҲǸõġ
Īѡڤڤ֮еǵΪҲе뷨
ǣĪӵʶʼ˯ȥòҲ÷ǳİ֦ȫѩǣͷ·һװ
ѩǵԽԽĪɵôϵƺ΢ˣͺһüήʱӵ
ΪƬΨһĪӼήԤףҲƺƬܵӰ죬µޱˮ渲һǽ͸ıУԿУѾɿݵҶ
ͷ貵ǳҲƺʧȥյɫʣâ˲٣ǹֱӾûˡ
ХµѩҲøˣƬ¼ŵ磬˷紵ġءûдֹ¼ŸУֹ¼ŸмӾ硣
ѩ֮£Ƭ۷·ֻʣ˰ããһƬϸȥֱ棬ǿòľᱻԡ
ʱһţѩŰ˲֪ãڽͣϢԤףƮѩСҲƽϢˣ»ָ˰
ѩֹͣΧ¶ƺʼˣԭһƬ׵磬ͷ·һ˯һˣҪѹһ㡣
ޱˮ򣬿ʼһܽ⣬ͷǿգһſŵǳҲ³֣ͷ·Ƭ˫ۣһһĿ·ľ
Ī񾲵˯Уֻ΢΢Щԭ˯еʶʼһĸչ
ĪضһɣһЩɿݵƤг׿֦ϵ䣬ֻһʶĶΪ˻ֻĸоѡ
Щ֦г׸ɿݵƤ䣬ĪַĸоȻڣоһЩ
ĪӼ֦ɣУ߶һʼ׵ı˳
һ֦ϣٳһƬƬ̵ҶĪӶĹУѾ¸Ҷ
ʱĪַĸоҲʧˣֻʣһˬоһȫһ˵ĳ졣
ΪһĪֳܹоķǼȥա
ٱøӸߴ󡢴׳ͬʱĪӸоƬտ磬һЩԭԼУʼö˶ˡ
ĹУĪӵʶ˹ͼվ÷ǰ˫ۣĿ֮͸¶һɡ
٣ΪĪӿһ䣬еʧɢĸ֪Ҳ±ջء


ʮ 
Ӧ˲ٵΪĪȻϲõģոһ˲䣬ĪӽеĸдץסһŵٴԵһء
ȻⲢ˵Ƕ򣬸̶ĪӵĺԴĻۡ
Īˮľ֮ϵܹ֮֮֮Ӷ֮
ʱ䣬Īһֱհ͸ġľ⡷ľ֮ĪջرǹڲľٵĲ֣Լ֮䣬ҲдٵĴ˼
ЩȾĪӲŻڸղţٴᵽ棬ѭϢ
ãÿһ鶼֮ĶãΪĳУŻԵø
ľͷսҲһĿʼԴѭŻöֶŻ˵ľʡ
ļʱ䣬ǺĪϵı仯оϢԽƮ죬һģһ飬˵ĸоȴƷϸȥֱ棬ֿʲô⡣
ӲҪ˵ĪӵľֹʲôĵطǾĪ⼸쿴÷ïܵҶʱ΢΢ü
ɹ˴һ£ָоĪԽƮϢ䵭ˣָյĸо
ʦòѾ˶ɴֵʱ˰ɣ²ţȴûĪӡ
ĪΪȻ˲٣Ǿɴ֣ûʱֻٴ֮ĪӿϤúܲһӵʻ
÷µϣĪŰټѧøոϢϸݡ
ʳƺֳЩ£ϽҶйأϢϲû˵ϢֻᣬΪҲûʲô£ʳǱƺҲϣš
Ӹϱʳ룬ʳǱѾͬˣεĸ𵽴֮λͿԻȥ帣ˡ
Ǳߣոʧؽչʳ
ڶʳĲѾɨɾˣʳûǣ⼸ʱ䣬ʳʵҲָĲˣƺ׼ҪͶŵݣջʧͬʱҲûʳһĽɳ
ټѧϢ꣬ĪֽҪעĻǻʳǱߡ
÷ǰʳ񶼣ΪľҶ꣬ڿǳһЩ£ΣټѧõϢʳҲţĪڻ²
Ըʦƽ£ҲϣλҶϽҪΪζƷĪͷգͬʱ뵽
ΪʳĿԪѫҶһı߹ǰɱҪĹǸƷ˵ڶʳ
Ϊ߸˵ڶʳͳε֮һͬʱ漰һ֮ĪȫԲµҶ񣬿²̫ƽ
ڰڵⳡ֮ΪֹҲֻǸոտʼˣдССֵĽ׶Σ÷УӦҲʲô̫Σա
֮ڣ÷λõȵǧ֮ڣпܹʶƷλǵ͸ĳŵʱӦþԱˡ
и˵ĵ·վҪԼߣĪȻ÷Ҳܽе飬÷׵÷ҲϣĪ̫Ľ롣
ĪţͻȻĿɽ⣬оһվɽǰһΪԼˡ
ĩᣬǰݼĪ
վɽЩĶɽһȻͼǰɽΧһӿһݣһֱӵԼĽ¡
ǰɽһĪĶУвѶ
ǰĪӣʵЩģ֮ǰȥѪҹصľĪЩ飬ԴӻصӸ֮˫ͺϵˣĪӽȣǷݽ飬֪ڻûá
ĪӲǷݾ飬ǲҲоǳΡ
ڿĪӻǰĽģԼ˳Īӣ飬Ҳܹˡ
ȶһݣɽУܿͼĪӡ
ĪĪʩһ񣬿λԼһǰѪҹصˣʱ;պضӲԶĪӱֵú𾴣ȥȻϣĪӳΪһλ֮档
ｫˣѪҹع֮Ҷ˵ټˣչãʤϲĪӿᣬȥѪҹصʱ򣬶ԷӲһЩΪǰһûж
ǰѪҹع֮󣬾ûݷùĪһƽҲЩ߲ҲǵĴŵһ£һ߿˵
֮ĪûмĿģȺɣ˵һЩѪҹص飬л֮Ȥ£Ȼתϡ
ｫǰʲôҪ£
Īڰѻת֮ɫɫĪӿ˵
ǰ֮УĪȥøģһ˵ţһߴȡһݸĪӡ
ĪֽӹҲûд򿪣ʵεĸѾ𣿡
仰вһĨɫȻ̻شȻûеʽʱ䣬εĸ𣬵ȷѾˡ
ｫܷ֪λʲôͷĪӼʵ
ҡҡͷһ治֪ӦͷСʱߴһЩмĸ֣ʵԶʤңҸ˶λεĸֵķǳ
Īӵ˵ͷûټ⣬ᣬ˸˻ʱ䡣
ӦþһµʱˣֻҪӸ񽻽ʱ˾ͻȥ
ｫأ׼𴦣ҲˣĪӻǽ仰ʳ˿ڡ
ǺǣлĪˣθ֮Ӧȥһ֣ˣϾҵļҲӸЦŻش
ǵҲãεĸ𣬵ҲܹˡĪ΢Ц˵
һµĸĸΣرְεʱֻһұۣһٵվȽŸ
հ׵Ӱأԭ䱸ͳȫµˣЩհһͬհ뿪ʱҲһͬˡ
˭µģεĸκᱻ𴦣ʱƽµЩϵģҲпһ
ղѾ˵ˣεĸʱĸ֣ΪҪߣλעҲ׷;ˣܹӸ³Ϊһ˵Ҳһõѡ
ȵ뿪֮ĪӴеȻĶһеݣĿ⿴˵ʱĪӲɵĿһԼˡ



ʮ 
Īӷежʱ˼ǧ֪ǲԼǸǵĻЦɾͿеˡ
ʳľŻԭ֮ǰԨ֮⣬˻֮λߣֻǵʴλȷ֮λŻӾΪзԨӴ˵ǵߣֻżһЩС£š
˵λӿ½޷ڻʳնȨλεĸǾŻĻеĹϣЩѰζˡ
ĪҪλεĸˣֱλʮа˾ǻʳľŻ
ϵʱ䣬ľգȥʱϸ൱ɣȫǿĪԼ˼
һдЩϹصģ̬ܹԸоҪĪӵ⡣
ˣȥɣ֪ʳڴʲô⣡Ī
ڲֻʳ飬ȻԷҲ㲻ȥԷҲиӦԵ׼
ʵʲô鷳£ĪҲѡ񲻲֣Ͼ˽ʱգԼҲȱʲôԼٴ֣Ҳһ׵¡
⣬÷۾п֮죬˻˺񣬶ﲢεĸǾŻԼȥһҲӦõġ
֮ĪӸãǰⳡᡣ
ʵ˵ĪӲϲĵطַ֮ѹƣ˵ȻѾ˺ܶ࣬ٻһӰ죬ǰλҲĪһԼ̽ĸо
ĪѾȴˣĪӸոߵǰһλ佫ӭĪһȻһơ
Īӿ佫ΪѾﵽ佫۷壬ֻһ֮ңܹ˧磬ҲǺܴպвСǱڡ
ˣĪ˵ͷ佫Ĵ£˸֮УȻܿ˸һǰվڴǰˡ
һĪʶӸжεĸһλӦþԼˡ
ԷһۣĪӾͲȷ˶ԷݣǻʳľŻɡ
ԷòĪӼ˻ԼԨмƣֻʳˣĪ˵УҲȫʵݡ
ĪˣٸĪһ£λӸպεĸ𣬽ǰҲǻʶһ£жεĸ߹Īӣһ˵
ˣŻӵ£Ī֮ǰһһ񣬲ֱӶǾŻӵĳƺ
ĪӽԼݣҲû˿⣬ԭûдԼݣ͸ĪӵҲֱԼıˡ
Ī֮ǰ˵ĪĴԭɢ֮ĸ֣һ֮棬Ӹְ͵ʶһ£պ˵Ҫ鷳ܹ֮ģ΢ЦŶĪ˵ͬʱ΢΢һ࣬һƣżһš
УѾ׼ϯЩϵĲȣĪɵ΢΢һ
ʳҵѧ⿵һȣõĲϣǸմ͹һ񾳽ˮ΢Щˣһ֣Ӧܹϵθڣһк£һ߶Īӿڽܵ
ƷˣĪӿϵļ˵
Īӵһȥʱ򣬾ǳõļ˲̵һֻ֣ʱһ꾳ɢޣȻȥƷ򽭵ζɶȴ
ĪΪѾ˴ڣɶڿڸ֮ȴѾˣûΪһʣһ˲ݵ뷨ŵζĪӵȻҲܾ
ƷǷθڣϵĿӣ̶Īк
ĪӴϵĲȣɫȫɫ̺ǹҲǳĿɹۣĪ˵ȴû̫á
ּһƬеñڱϵƬУƬڼ֮У̼Īӵζ٣ͬʱ̺Ҳɢǳ΢Īǿȡ
ͨ񾳽ˮѪ⣬ôһƬĪ𲻵κãֵѪ⣬ЧȴҪǿͨѪѪ⡣
Ʒ˼ˣвϣһĪڲƷֻζЧȻҲǿ
һͳ꣬ĪӸܵһζܣζѣ˻ζ
ҪƷȵĹУұ˴˼̸۵ģǺ⼸йصĻ⣬˿ûгϣƷȵҲǳɡ
ȵһ꣬еĲȾѾȫˣƣʱҲŴ˻ϻӡ
˵Ī÷һ÷ƣѵһƣһʱҲҲ̫õƣֻӰдˣĪҪ֣ƱĪңңһ˵
һԼжεĸ𣬴˿һԲΪ֪˵ˡ
ĴæûдһЩպлᣬԻһЩƷĪ΢ЦŻؾ
÷պ˵һĪһ£һתϵıĪ˵
µ˵޷ĪɫһȻش֪ˡ
ҳӸʩܷͽ̣΢΢ͷһ߸Լһƣһ߿ʵ
仰Īиоһ˿ĪǲɫĿڵ¸ʩ²ӦҰɣԼӦñҸиڲ࣬ҲǿԵġ
ԣ̧ͷĪӣĿ֮ûа㿪Цĳɷ֡
֪Ӧʲô̶ȣҲʵ̵ܿķΧʾ
ĪӴ˿˼ɿתȻһͷλŻӵ£òҵ˻͵˰ɣ
ͷĪһֵõһЩϢŻӸְӦûдʲôĿģԼΪܹ뿪񶼵ԭҲͬûи
¿һЩ£ĵ⣬ҪĴ𰸣ĸ㣬ߵʴˣͷתţĪش
Ŀ⿴Īӣϸķֱϵ飬üͷΪȫ壬Īӵǲ˵ѡ
Ƭ̹֮ͻȻ¶ЦݣҲҸˣʵЩðĪҪ֡
¿ˣĪ΢΢һͷ
˵ⳡͲýˣĪӾԼʱø뿪ˣû˵ͼȡһŵ˹
λʵҴĪţһҪֽĪС
һţŷһŨŨķ֮͵Ī֮ǰ˴ŷ⣬̾ͻᱻ˻Ͳ
һ㷨֮ĪҲ֮ǰΪλỳԼ͵ˡ


ʮ 
רһ㷨֮˿̽еݣǸ˶ġ
Īû͵ôģԿţҲҵ𰸡
Ŀҿ˿еĸĪӸɴ൱˵棬ôŴˣ⵹һĨɻ֮ɫԼ֮ǰĲ²Щҡˡ
ŷ⣬ȡеţĪӷ־ȻһŰֽֽı棬һ㷨֤֮ŰֽݵģֻеϢóĪ֪֮
ôܣ͵ʲôĪͷͬʱóԼòõĵӡᰴֽϣڵ˫ֽۣϵݣ̳Īӵǰ
ĪϸĶϵݣͷβһ飬Ȼ̧ͷĿһߵڶԷڴУֵͷȥ¿һеš
ֽԼķ֮ĪҪɣǲ˻͡
˵ϵʲô⣬ŵĿЩ̫ˣ˻˵ķ
еݴģǺĪйصĲ֣ףһĪӿɣΪһ֮棬Ȼ˵˹ڸĪӵĳŵ£һʮ֮÷λȽƷĳ̶ȣ֮ĳһ
ǧ֮ڣǷܹʶƷλճŵ÷һᣬܲץסҪ÷Լ
Īйص֮󣬾ǹˣĪӰæӻôĪְӸڼ䣬һҪʲô¡
ر鷳飬ҲϣĪܹΧ΢һҪְ鷳
ͻһŵĿģҪʼһɻ龡СģͬʱҲΪܣͨţպ֪ݡ
Īڶ˵ڶ֮еֽϵףеɻȴˡ
ôоҪֳˣ׼úĥһ˼ǷЩһ٣ĪĬĬ
ϵݴݳϢףƺĥֳ׼һ档
ǾĪ֪֮ǰȻڶУбȽģڳҲһЩϿɣЩ국ǵҰҲҪ´ĥһµĳ̶Ȱɡ
ѵԺǰ򣿡Īת֮䣬뵽һܡ
ݵģǰ˹裬Ϊŵĵӣһһλʿ˹費һֱݣҪһߣŻݣȷǳʺϡ
Ī֪λʵܣʲôģĪӿ֮󣬱ֵЩŹ֣Ŀ⻹ԼһۣΪкԼйص£Ա㿪ʵ
ĻĪͷתһ£ǷȻ󿪿ڵ˻ʱ²ûнʲôֻõ·Ĵ󵨵ȥܹɼӸİմõ
ҷĴ󵨵ˣЩ̫ȷһ䡣
ˣĪ΢΢˵ͷ
ݣĪ˵ֻǾ֮ͣƤӵ¡
˵ʲô£ǲýģ÷۾Ӹڣһλ£Ī˵ҲһӰ죬޹⡣
նлдζȣ󱥿ڸˣƲñϣҲ˵ˣҾ͸ǣպҪ£¿ɲɽңĪվžŻһȻֽͷתһԵĸ
ΪӸ˼ʮ꣬񼴽˶ȥպټ֮գ븮˶ౣء
лĪˣʱ޶࣬ԭҪǴ˴⼸꣬ȴ˼УȥĪЦˣվ˵
֮ˣˣĪ΢΢˵ͷȻ͸ʩһת˳ȥ
͵״ȴһֱĪͳ˸ãĪԶȥ»صС
ˣ˵λĪǲλʵܵ£ص֮ŸղźĪӵĽӴԺϸ˼Ī˵ЩȻżжεĸʵ
Լᣡԣ¶һ˿Ϊ֮ɫȻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ѾжˣȫմȾʲô鷳⼸꣬ȥ帣ء
Ҳû⸮ķӦ仰ԭʳģûڴܴӸõһ𰸡
˼ЩңҲһЩˣȻȲĻԨҲȲλЩĻʵͣվҲܲһЩ⡣
λĻʵܣһƺǷˣԭֻǻһطԼ
ĪӼ棬ղĪӱֵķǳ̹ǷţҲǵ𿪵ģϧûпϵݡ
ĪӵĽӴоĪһʿЩЩŵĵӣ˲ܻ͵¡
ҲȷԼ뷨ϾĪӺ͵ȷӴıȽ϶ࡣ
ڶһʱ֮һͷʵҲǳɻ͵Լʲô
ˣһһɣҲȫǳɢɢˣоͰοһԼȻŸ𣬼˽Ӹ
Īӻص÷УóǷţֽϵϸĿһ飬ݲûзκεĸı䣬ٴ
Ѳ⣬ǱˣúɣĪҡͷЦЦͬҲЩ벻ͨ£Լˡ
ǰȥ磬ĪӻǱȽģζȵζǳҴ˻ʵǷУĪӵõһ÷λµڡ
ʮʱ䣬ߺ˵Ƿǳ
ҹĻ٣ʳ֮У棬һ飬ϸĹۿǰϣѾɵ¡
е鱾һֱһҳͺ飬⿪ڽе
ˣ
͵ĺȺ˽Ķʩ
ȥµûУ˳ȥһ鷿ȡũɣۡͶ߽߷Ը
ԣٴιһȻ˳ȥʱҪĶˡ
߲֮û뿪ǿ˻ʱ£ϢŻӵµӸ֮δΣѾʼټǰľɰס
ߵĻ˵ͣˣû˵꣬Ҳû˵͸˼Ѿˣʾͣ費Ҫʲôһ¡
ᣬѾ֪ðб˳һ֡ͿһۣȻޱ˵
ԣһת˳˴С
뿪ߣĿ⿴һĺҹֿ˿еǷɫǳĸӡ
򲻵ѣ¡̾Ϣһջǽŵ˸ոùϡ


ʮ ʽ
ʱת֮Ӹԭĸ뿪ˣʽΣΪӸµĸ
жεĸ뿪ʱӸ˶ȥˣϾӸִѾʮʱˣӸصİգλҲ⡣
ȥ͵֮УûĪӵӰλûжĽ飬֮ǰȥʱѾкˣ֮ûбҪȥ͡
µĸˣӸ˶ʼ׼λεĸ֮󣬻Щʲôٴ룬׻Ӹõı仯ǻӸչĸ
ҲĿעԼʱУûжӸı䣬һάԭֻǶԹԱЩԼ˰嵽ҪְͬʱӸѲӡ
ĪżʶһɨͿԷһЩԱͬ£ӲӸط顣
׻ӸʩĪӲᣬֻҪʲôΣվͿˣĪҪľǷԼ÷۵ķչϡ
÷ÿһεǳ֮ѾݶˣӸ֮طҲʿĽӸԽԽˡ
˶ˣȻһЩ⣬÷ۿƾʵѹסЩ⣬ͬҲҪһЩ赼
÷ʽɲãĿǰЩٴ֮⣬ⲻ˻ҪЩ£Ӱõķչ
ĪһʼѡǱĬĸı䣬һͣʲôĸı䣬Ϊֹʵ֤Чܲ
ÿµһ죬˻ǳ֮ԡ֮⣬ĪżͷȥʱĪȥȥ⡣
Ӱص߶ˣʱĽ⣬һЩɢ֮и֮һνʱ򣬻һλɢ޺Ǳ˼䣬սλɢûܹ۵Ĺǡ
ĪӶǳˣֵھֲľӰذ˽е˼ǳа֮УҲ÷ڱصøӸٹ̡
ĪҲ֣Щţ÷ȱһЩƣǾûһ÷۵Ĵе
ЩŴ඼ĴУصĵ硶̫׾̫ؾȣ˽ЩݣҲ׶ЩŲС
÷һӰպҪﵽִŵӰѶȺܴ
ȵԺΪˣʱһҪ׫һ÷۵ĵ塣Ī
÷۵÷£ϵϢһ󸡶ʼϵΪͻƵʱ
ڲԶĪӺһĪһ裬ǳУȴûĪôɣȻҲŲ豭СһĨزסĵ֮ɫһֱû뿪ǵϡ
ſģʦѾ㹻ˣСͻƶѣ˵ˮɣûκε⡣ĪԴȻ΢ЦŶ˵
ԣϵı滺һЩȻһĨǡ
Īӿ΢΢˵ͷ⺢ӷȽأһǶ飬ͬʱҲǳӡ
÷Щ꣬÷Ѿ˹У׽ˣȴʼʦǡ
̫ˣƽʱദģʽĪӾ÷ǳȤ
˴һ𣬴ʱ򶼻಻˵ÿһʱ䣬ͻתͷԷһۣƺȷ϶ԷһżһЩЩɵ⣬ɫĽ𣬶ҲһԱߵĪӸоرϲС
׵ˣڵһλǽĪˡ
֪ԼʦһǳˣȻʦ˵ʦ£Ǿһûʲô⣬ʼջôһ˿ġ
ڴʱϵϢȻ䱩ǣȻܿƽϢΪȻ񾳽ڡ
ǵǰһһģһӰǵ
֮һҲȱ˵ģȴѾ޸ģϾȱʧֱ۶ʱòҪΪֻܽ޲
ǵĪ΢΢˵ͷȻ˼û뵽ǵڣ˲˫ۣһš
ʦվߵĪӵǰĪӹһȻָһͷ
ĪӿǣΪ֮ǰĻ۷ǳʵͻƵ񾳽ڣϢǳƽȣڵҲǳĻ
Ѿͻ񾳽ڣһǴ磬ҪٵʱȥۣΪʦ֮ǰ㣬ͻ񾳽֮󣬻ᴫڸһھͽ䴫ڸ㣬ҪҪԼĪһ˵ţһֵ̧ǵüģһ˳ĪӵָûǵüĴ
ϸĶĪӴԼԺеĪ޸֮ʺͨʹȴûн̫ࡣ
ǺܿͱסˣҲ˾Ҫ
лʦӱضٴζĪһ˵
ȲҪ̼Ϊ֮󣬽ϤٿʼɣĪǵĻһ䡣
Ȼʹ࣬Īţ÷۵ĵӣЩŵڣΪ񾳽ڣȫѡηЩʹࡣ
֮ںɽľҽһαչأĪԿԷʲô⡣
սǳ˳Ī޸֮ǰ裬ʼߡ
ӱչؾ߳ǣĪӵһоһЩͬʱҲҪʱ̵ʹࡣ
ǱֵıĪӵҪãɫЩ԰֮⣬ƽʱû̫ĪӶ룬ǵǲǳ˲ӡ
ϵʹ࣬ӵǿٱģʹ඼ˣʹ࣬ȻҲͲʲôˣĪӵĹģ΢ЦŽһ¡
ͣĪӲɵЩĬˣҲֻܻһζĪ΢Ц
ǿʼ֮ĪӾÿȥ󣬽ЩټҾ䡢ǰμǡ־ֹµȵ֮鼮ϸķһ飬ϸϸƷеС
ַĪӵԹԼЧЧҲ
ʱúܿ죬һĩβʱӸεĸ䲼̨֮ĵһ
ӸĴôã䲼ĵһ֮еĴ
λŻӵҪĵһ£ȻҪ޲·Īڵ֪Ӹ֮󣬴ĵһ£Ȼ޲·֮ͻȻһЩڴ֪׼ν˴򿪾棬Ӹĸá
ؽˣʱӸʼһæµϲķΧһʱڣҲʱص÷ۡ
һʱ䲻ΪһЩȲ꾳
ڻúҲﵽڣʼǸԲľͬʱҲĹؿ


ʮ 
ʦֶƣϴʦƿȫͬƿĲҶΪкôһƿЦĶǰ˵
ڵĻд˲ţλʦ壬ǷȱθУΪƭ̫ˡ
ԭΪĿǰеһλʦ壬ڻǺ𾴵ģ˵Ļ̵ĶҲĵĽܡ
ʱһ׽ŪȾƣһЩܲŵĶʱʱͻһ׽ŪһԼ֮࣬˺صķܵλʦҪ׽ŪԼ
ı֣һЦеģžƱݵǰɵúһ
ʱһڵ
ʦܣ׽Ūҵĵˣ
һɣȻŲ뿪ڵߣǵࡣ
תԼǣɴЦ˵ǾôСһ쵽֪û˼ҪԸһЩԺܹܶѣ˵ܴһ»
仰˵꣬͸оһϮžͰһƣתͷͿ˳ԵĪӣϴһ˿ĪЦݿ
ǾôɽģԹŪһҵӣĪӴںһ֮ſ˵
ʦ˼ˣҡҡͷһԼüı飬ڳˣȴûһıݡ
ССһ£ͻȻڶĪ˵ʦȥһʱ䣡
ĪԣĿתǣĵ˵ͷҪΪʦȻûʲôֻˣҪܵСģرǺͱ˶ֵʱҪרŷԷֶΣ
ףǻش
ʦҪȥûоҪȥĶĻԺһ𰡣һ˵Ҫ˫һæ˵
ԼʦֵʵжǿȻƾЩľʶھã񾳽УӦûκһˣʵܹǿԼλʦ֡
ҪܹԼʦһЩȽΣյĵطͿȥһˣ˵ܹջ
뵽̻ѻŸո𣬾ԵĪһˮˡ
ǿӦûа취ͬˣΪһ꣬ҪɽϣĪһڵļȻ˵
ΪʲôѽʦڿĪʵ
ٷϻЩõĻԵӦò٣ѧһЩı°ɣΪʦλϵϢЩ鸡һһ˿ӣһ꣬ɽϺú°Ѹʵ˳õЩԵתԼĶĪûĿһ˵
Īӿĺܶμĵ伮Уصľٲ˻һЩԵĪԼٻʲôԵһĪҲǿ
ƺǳ⼸˲ٵĺöΪҲǳѸ١
ЩԵȻãʱõЩԵûȫתԼĶҪһʱиܰһ¡
Ҳ֪ôģĪӵĻĪӵ˼ԹԵıտڲԣĪ¶һֺõЦݡ
ع󲻾ãǾ뿪ɽ֮ǰĪ׼һķ˶ֵʱ·硣
뿪֮ÿĽ̵Ī֮⣬ҲҪ
ԭ²û̫ģԼλʦֶֻһûĺͯ㲻ߣԼ̵һ㶫Ϳˡ
̬ڵһθڿΣЩΪ֮æ̬ȣʼĽ̵ͬʱԼӦӣ½÷ѧϰ̬
Īӿڵת䣬аЦڵһڿʱʵ⣬ʵǾģĿľǶһڵ̬
һ汻ľˣ˼һʱ֮ղĪҲûеĵĴ㣬һ취󱲵Ӵ̼һЧǳ
ʽ֮Īӳÿָ֮⣬ÿһεͷҲȥˡ
һΣЩǰȥȻһ󺹵Ļˣ÷ѧϰʱȷ棬һβҪЩɢסˡ
Ϊ˱һοֵܻĶѧϰ˲ǣÿ֮࣬ڲУƷЩ
ʱúܿ죬תۼʱ͹ȥˣʱУӸʼһЩͬı仯
εĸŻ䲼ĵһڶ̶̰ʱھˣӰڣӸڵĵ·ȫһ顣
ߺͰټѧӲ룬ĹЧҲ൱ˡ
ԭĵ·ˣسͨǵĵ·ȫ˺ʯ̾͵Ŀ󷽱ص
Ѿ÷ˣȫԭĻؽĵ·Щ·֮ĪӷӸҲҪ࣬һֻȻһµζ
Ӹֱ仯ĪּɣͬʱҲʶλŻӵȷһЩģ»Щء
λŻӵ£ķûȫſʩŻᾡܵСģ֮ӦþͻһЩ˰ɡĪ뵽
ӸЩ仯оŻΪĪӿֻ΢עһ¶ѣҪڰջϡ
ò˵õóĪӵһ꾳ʿ꣬Ȼõôණ
ҩ伮ﱦģЩھȻȫУȻûз񵽺ܿŵĳ̶ȣĪţͨСŵ񾳽糤һĻۣһ⼸ҷ
ص䣬شĵһﾹȻõһƷõЩĪӰջͬʱҲ˽ڵңеĽɻ
ĽĪԼûÿٻõʲôԵȻĪӶЩνĻԵҲû̫
ɻڻԵʵ̫ˣҲûʢ·ܼ񱦱ĳ̶ȣȴõôĻԵ
Īӻҹ콭ˮȰ˵ԼΪͽʱ˵Ļжʱһͷ
ò콭ˮ񿴳ЩʲôԲȰͽܰɣ
ȻĪΪͽ֮ǰѾϸϸļڵȷȷͨûзκر֮Լ۹⣬һλȣʱ»һ㡣
ʶ㣬˵ǿһЩȽ޵ĶԼڵΪʶ޷ġ


ʮһ ˶
ĪΪЩӶǷʲôԼûзֵĶһ㻳ɡ
ֻɲûбĪȷϣΪμ飬޷Ϸʲôףֻҽ뷨ѹ¡
ߣǲʲôԼûܣվԼĵӣҲҪȥ̽պ֪ʱ
⣬ĪӾԼҲпܲ´ˣһЩԭ򣬱մ˱˵Ĺ⣬ŻĻԵҲûпܰ
ϾڵԸ񣬼ǿĽһȥ̽һЩԵзֵһЩôȫ
پЩ⣬ĪӿʼõЩԵЩ֪ͨþͿˣЩص䣬شĵЩҪʱúˡ
ڻõЩص㲻Īڿ֮ҲовֵýĵطԽһŻһ¡ľԪ
ЩشⶼһЩǰı£Ī۹൱õģ˵ˣһõ֮󣬾ûסʼˡ
ЩȻû⣬Ҳһ͵ģҪʱľУܹ׵գƳ³£ݵߵĳ̶ȡ
ڽ˲ɢޣҲɢʵѧһ㣬оõѡѧϰ
ʵȻ˲٣̰õķʽϢʼЩ鸡رбҪú
Ī˽Щ֮ϸӣһֲʺڵֱӳַϵȻֽʺǲ޸һ£ú
Ҫ˵ѪĺĸĪӵġѪ¼ЩδɵĪҲ˼ţö൱ֻΪЩˡ
Īӵİ£ʱΪٶȷŻˣԭһЩ鸡Ϣ»ָ˳ȣҶЩشգҲӵľˣʵԲ
ЩҲСڵѾﵽԲĳ̶ȣ˽Ŀռ䡣
Ҫģһ϶̤ߵżһܹﵽޣҪĻҪԼ
ܷɹһĪʵͦĵģڵ⣬ƽ̤ʵùд˿ԲΪӦⲻ
һգ÷УĪӸոս˶Ľ̵ڹۿһݵڵشͻȻӦһɽǰΧ
Īһ󷨵ķһ϶ǵ̷˽ĪӵǰһöƮڰС
ףĴѶ򣿡ĪӸӦϵϢ΢Щ⡣
ڵĪ÷ʽ֮ǰǰȥʱԷһ棬һλѾһǧƴʿԪӦöҪ
ĪӶԷֻйһ֮Ե÷ʽɵ죬ԷҲû¶棬ھȻͻȻһöѶ
ֽöѶٵУĪ̽ʶʼ̽еݣ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫ
ڵҪڶ֣ǰȥæһ󷨣⵹һĦֵĺûᡣ
ڵһǧ꣬Ϊڰǰﵽ˴ڣһʵҲĥĲˣȷ˸öֵʱ
ڲûзֵֶطֻƾʵϾܹ׼Ӳ֡
Ī֮ϵ裬ݶģϾӰÿһԡǳ֮Ļᣬͨ÷۵ʵֵġ
ĪӷĴѶĪȥæһ󷨣ǵֵһֶΡ
öѶĪӽһ׼ȥ󷨡
ĪڵΪͬǴڣò̫ãĪԼҲԴ֣ܵǰȥæĪúõĹĦһ±˶֡
ĪȻڵ伮ϣԴһЩ˽⣬Ϊֹûм˶Ĵ֣Ψһֻһ½׶ʧܵĻ档
ĪΪڴ֣Ҳǲ̫СƵģǿ֣ĪӵǲôģԷ硢֣Īȴеǳ棬ǳʶһ¡
ӰسһֱĪٶȣûлʱ䡣
ڵ֮Īֱڣܿͼ
Īѣδ뵽ѸþȻ֮죬лˣټĪ̶֮Īʩһ
ѿˣĿǴĴ£ȻҪϿˣҲϣĦһµѶ֣ΪԼһġĪ΢Цͻش
Ī֮ţΪſ֮棬ѶʮþȣαǫأͬЦŻش
仰ǹάʵܹΪһſʦģʲ飬ʵС
һŵĿ֮棬ϣܹƽĶɹ֣һЩģҲڼ꣬׼㣬֮⻹ԭ˲ꡣ
ĪӺ˼䣬ܿͻع⣬˵˽Ҫõϡ
ߣѾ׼˲ĲϣصĶֻҪĪ̾ͻᾡȫ׼ֵʱѾҪˣĪӺܿæµ
ǰ˶ֵĳأϸĿ֮ĪӺһ£Ҫһ󷨣ȻͿʼ׼Ҫĸֶýڵȹ
ĪæµʱһЩĸڣһλĪʶǵػĳˣʣµļλ֣ĪҲһЩ˵š
ΪһƵĴʿȻʶͬĸ֣һ֣׼൱֣Ī󷨸֣ٸĸ˰
ͱ˵ػڵĳˣǰ꣬ڰһһһλ֣һλСŵһö˵һ̶ȵֵıܷ絤
˽Щ֮ĪӲò̾Է׼ĺ֣ܳͬʱȴһֲԤС
׼÷ǳ֣Ȼһ£׼ֵƺЩˣЩ˶ʵţͱֳԼĲš
ԼţпǶ֣ԼѾһЩ̫õԤУԲŻˣǵֵʱֲŵ᲻Ӱ쵽Щ˵
ϣЩãо̤ʵɣĪа
֮ĪӰõˣĸ׼Ҳȫλ
һǰʼչصԼ״̬׼õ״̬ӭӴ֡
¾㱸ǵȴֿʼĪӺ͵ļλ֣ﶼǳڴ


ʮ ʧ
һƬȺɽ֮еĿտشĪӵȼĸ֣ĿȫƬտشվŵ
߲Զ⼸ɽϣڵλϣԼһЩڵĵӣȫһ࣬ĿĶվڿտش
һϵϢʼϵİθߣһǿѹɢͷ˲Ϣ֮ɫ
ʼˣĪڣдĸ֣һ̸ܵһǸеļµѹͷϣҶ֪Ĵ֣ϾҪʼˡ
Ŀע£ͷ֮ϵգܿͱһƬڣͷ·˲Ӱת˺ҹ
ͬһʱ̣˵߹һ磬ΧľǣΧĿ紵ķȫķ
ڿĴ£ϾһƬ̳ƺҪ˵ڱΣڳ˵Щ̳ڵǵߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ΧĿȻֹͣûаԤףͷһƬУͻȻ´˵ɫķ磬Ŀֱָ
٣˿ɫأĽŲȴһתһ⣬ͬʱһ
ɫķ£Χ˲串һ˪˰ããһƬϼӲʯͷһ˪֮ʵر÷ǳĴ࣬ٽĵɫĴ£ֱһм
ڵɫ£Ȼȫûκεĳ֮УԵ÷ǳɡ
⵭ɫķ磬ֻǷָոտʼˡ
Īӿµĵɫķ绺ʧȡ֮ģһεķ磬ĪܹоַϢͷ·Ǵν
ʱͲ֮ǰֵôˣԴµ֮磬ϵһͷ·ڲϾŵâ𲻶ƺʱһ㡣
Χأ˿Ҳһ֣ͬһڵݺύƬػĿȫǡ
磬̫ǿĪ߼֮Уһ˿˵
һ䣬һ鱦񣬻һ֣½Լµ磬Ҳ޷κε
ͷɫķ磬кһɳĪԹߣиоһֺ֮С
һɳȻСĪӵĸо·һǧʯһ㣬رǵ䵽ͷʱһײľ޴죬֤ʵһ㡣
µһƬأٴεùˣиĿȫǵأֱÿӿݣҳϸСĿ׶
ɫķ磬Ҳûκεֱɫķʧһīɫģζǳȳķ£ɫڴ䣬ԥóһƿٽװŵһöҩ¡
磡һֿīɫķ磬ɫǳص˵֡
һ츳ͨ彻սУ˾޴Ӧģ˱ĸֻɱ࣬Ѿûгսˣֻǲ֪ǲǳˡ
ղŷµöҩĪ⼸λУλ󵽵ıܷ絤˵԰֡
ĪҲܺ棬öҩûЧֻ˵Чжǿ
磬ҲòСӦˣһ߶ŷһ˫ӡʼʩչͼͨһЩ
Ǳܷ絤ЧСӦ£պĿ磬ֻǺ֮ǰһùĻƬأ̱ݲеĿȫ֮һɫĶ
ֽ֮󣬲֪ҪãƬزӵһ˿
ɫ֮󣬽ģһɫķ磬̺һ𵴵
ֱķ磬ˮ©ķ֮ڱˣһڷ䵽ϡ
ΧЩڵĵӣ˿һýʲô£Īӵȴĸ֣ȫɫ糣
֣ԪɱһżȻٲĹ֮ǰ׼÷ǳ֣Ǽķרŷڳ˺öꡣ
Ȼ͵ڷջûκεҲƽȹˡ
ڷ֮󣬽ļ磬ȫĹһɱһǿһߵļλĸ֣һҲǳء
ֹһ֣ôǿЩԺͬҪֵĴ֣Ī֮⣬Ҳеǳûס
һֱھŵʱʼѾԵЩǱˣϴһǳķ£û𣬵ͷͺ룬ȴЩˡ
ʱҲû˻Ц˵Ŀⶼͷھŵ磬ҲǷֵһ磬ϾˣֻҪһֵķ֣ȥˡ
ͷԭһƬգ˿̾ͷ·һ㣬ŵ׹䣬ͬʱϵСһ۷ŵĺɫţ䵽ͷ
һ˲䣬Īӵȴ֣Ӧˣţ谵ɫΪ֮һǰľ³ǵҰС
ĪӿԭֵĵطƬ±ƽֻ͸ղȣʧ˺һȥټʮ
վϵƣ֮еķ֣оյĶɹˡ
һóöҩУ£ٵĻָĵ
ĸֶû˵Ҷһһǣмˣпȥķա
ʱ˴һĹΧ¶ͻȻ俪ʼߣϿʼð˿˿ƵĻ档
һĻĪףʱĻѾˡ
֮Уյ֣رӦǻ֣Ϊڶһֽ٣Դͷڡ
˿˿ƵĻܿͱһ棬һԽԽߣ¶ԽԽȣ̶֮䣬˼ʮ׸ߡ
˿̱ڻУһȼŵľ޴档
ŻӡΧļɽ壬һâ䵽ϣԭٴܸߵĻӲѹĻһЩ
Ī֮ǰõ󷨣ҪԵʵ֣ȴû뵽ʱͽˡ
ô£Īüͷһ壬ѹƻ֣֮ǰҪЩһ
ͷոԭѹȥĻ棬Ȼ˲Ȼθˣһӻһֱӳ𣬸߶Ⱥֹףٳǧס
ڿնĻ֮У˵ɫͬʱһ䣬Ϊҷ֣ڻеϢȻѸٱС˶޷оˡ
ĪӺ߼λֶһۣ˴˶˶Էе˼ҲǡʱĻɢԶĵطӰѾʧˣֻ˼Ƶķ˸⡣


ʮ ڵĿ

ĪغһŻʧĵط֮һĨ֮ɫ
Եļλ֣ϵɫĪӲ࣬ǵУĪӸһݳء
֣Ǵҳ綼Ҫģĸ֣ûĸٸһʶԪɾġ
ǣھǰһλƵĴʿȻеĻһֽϣѾˣΣյֶûа
֮У˵ʵʵֵǵʱָӦԣ
һʱ֮䣬ﶼǳѹ֡
ĸֻǸеѹ֣ЩڵĵӣǴ˿̵飬ȫǱˡ
Լҵ֮ѣѾ׼˳ˣû뵽յĽȴ˲пᣬ֮£ֱʬ޴棬ɢֻһǰȥת
ǧлӰĲúֶΣһСûϣò̾Ϣ
˾עƬطƺڴŻ漣ȻһʵѾǰᷢʲô漣
գڵ˷Ӧ˹ڵĳǰЩķȫȻһλߵĪӵ˵ߣżһ֮˵
λǰɽʧܣԸлλǰԮְɷλǰСҵȰһ֮¡
ĪӺ߼λֶһۣȻҶ˵ͷ
ɹʧܣΪڵλҪģպ¼ҲᱻڵĵǣҲŵĴ֮һ
һ⣬˭ϣܹЩʲôܹԶ˼ס
Īӵ˻صڣһ֤ڵӹ˵λ֮ǻҼ֤ŵʽ
ŵļΪ׵֮ǰѾһλµĴ֡
ĪԽãԼ޷ɹԤУô׼ǰ˽Լڵˣſʼ֡
ε״ӣʲΪǴڣԸҲȽϳȣܹһ֮
֮Īӵȼĸֲû̷ֿ෴Ҿһúýһ£رεĶ֣˸ԵջŸȥ
ͬԴȴ·Ȼܹĸ֣ǰ㶼Сڻȥ·ϣĪһ߷ڿУһ
ڻ֮ǰЩĸֽĪӷȻЩ˵ʵԼǸˢӡ
ʧ֮ں̵ܶʱڣÿ֮ѣȻֶһЩ˼롣
ͱ˵λСŵԷľҩԷ֮ǰóıܷ絤һԵӦԻֵֺĵҩӶȹֵļʡ
Ĵ֣ҲһЩ뷨һЩҲͬر֮ģҪһԵڹؼʱӦܷӳ벻ãԴֶ֮
ȻҽЩ뷨ڶֻ뷨ѣǲɷϣЩ뷨ȷһĿԣһȺĸУ˵ܹ뷨Ϊʵ
صɽĪ֮еķڲ÷УҲڡ
ųʶΧһɨĪӺܿͷں
Դ÷ʽ֮ÿһǳ֮ӰصɢѾԽԽˣȻҲͱ
˶֮ЩɢⲻҪ˴˽Īÿβȥͷͳɢ޾ûĵط
ʦ岻ƭģ뵱꣬ʦҾ򣬼ʶ羰ųɹģ˵ҪܹһζĿޣ㲻ҪǿܺΧӴҪѧȥӴȥ֪пǰ棬һֻžƺһֻһܾµĸ㣬һһ߳ţͬʱ˵
ҲͬŸ㣬˵Ļȴ÷ǳ档
СתˣȻԸȱݷô͸Īͨʶ֪̽ڵ̸Ц뵽
Լȥ棬һĪӲ⣬ΪܷڵԸ񣬲ڸղ˵ĻЩĪˡ
˵һİ˾кǿķŶҵıʶҲܸߣַͬΧһоһЩԣѳ׵ķſԼȥΧһС
һ̣ҪľǸӶôһ֮
Բľ粻ãĪԭǴٹһЩʱգŵһģû뵽ȴǰˡ
һ룬ĪҲʵҲǳ㣬ֻ÷УĪȣƵһЩ
ڵĳɳʵܸܹ֮ᵽַ
Īڹעһں֮󣬱ջʶȥˡ
ҲûƽһֱҪɽϵ뷨ÿյ֮ʱ䶼֧䣬ڴδڴС
ʦôʱʱҿɱˣȻֻһ˰ɣҲûܹ۸һЩǰõЩôĪջʶ֮ڴһǰߣһ߼˵
ͷһۣĿ֮дһ˿Σͣ½Ųʹ˴ͷ
ԹԵģСӻţ֮ǰѾѧ֮ѧ൱ãʱǸǶһɽҲʱʦʦ
Ҳ֮ţֻϧʦ±ȽҪȻðɣҵʱʦʦȷһЩ
ڼ˵ţ⼸Ѿ˵ñȽٵĿͷ´бĳˣԽԽŹֵĿ⣬뵽ǺĪӣеЩܸеıˡ
תںһеľƣȻǰߣĵļ˵
СӺ͵Һ񣬶Ա˶žģûʱ㻻Ƕ룬ʵҲûҪС˭һ쵽Ҫ㡣
˵ˣ뺦ˣﾯ͹ǵȻУûȥ˽˽ʵͲˣ뵽ôȥԸܱԼ
ҲһģҪȽӴϸϸ˽⣬ϵµѡһ̵辣ˮѧӾͺã
ڵ˵Щоᣬȫ˵ԼʱЩãƺһҵ˷һ㡣
ԼǰڣͻȻ֮ãԷıӰøߴˣʱֲ׵Ϊ»ӡڴ˿ȫһɨա
ͻȻ䣬оһּ¶ɵͣ˽ŲԼڵĵطȱѸٸһ㵭ɫ


ʮ 
ڻո˵꣬ҪŶнúõĹһʦų񫡣
ʱ̵ֱողŷΪʦȤڴҵصܺ󱲶Լ羴ĿⰡ
ղ˵ЩʱھͷԼĿһֳ羴Уǰʱ俴ԼĿȻͬ
ֳ羴Ŀ⣬˵ҲܵһԼĺĿ⿴ԼоܲͬԼˬ
תͷʱ촽ոſĻûü˵ڣͿ˴ϣһ㵭ɫ
΢΢һ£Ȼ󼸺˲䣬̷Ӧ˹Χһһдš
ԹԵģҾô˵˼䣬СӾͻȻˣʣԣô˵һ÷һˣЩƵ뵽
ʱڴͻȻڲýػȻӰ쵽һЩˣٵɢ޷ߵҲΧ
ΧȺüͷһ壬תгһ͸ȣڵһ㣬ͬʱΧ˵
÷ڣʦֶͻȻ֮Եٴи㣬ĪҪţлλˣ
ڻһ䣬ΧȺһͬʱϵϢȴȫɢ
ⷬɣӲʩΧ˺ȰͬʱԼݣһʱֵӡ
Χɢ޼״ȫͣס˽Ųټǰ
Щɢв˶ϳڣϾҲͷΣв˶
ӣټǰ÷۵ĵһȻҲҼǰ
ǱڵĹأһ㶼ŵģЩ˸ֵػһ£һԵ
Ӱأ÷۵ĴӪ÷۵Ƥ£÷۵ĵӲһΪ
߹ֵˣҪôת뿪ˣҪôԶԶվﲻ˵ڿˣвûзɾ裬Ϊ֪ϣԶȱĳЩʱ̣ͻȻĲˡ
ˣʱϹԹһο֮Ȼ˷ǳСġ
ΧȺУһѾĴɢޣ΢΢ţĿʱʱĻῴػڡ
ɢѾĴˣǱʵȴֻ꾳ڣϵϢ߲ƵȵԪߵͷ޷ﵽ꾳ڡ
ɢԼҲԼ״ǧӰأ˵ÿһԡǳ֮ĻᣬҪͨǳ֮ϴһ߲ԿûͻƵĻᡣ
ոɽأû뵽䣬ԲǱСŵĵӣʱ˱˼
ͻ꾳õСͨԪ껯һƶֶΣܹԼ꣬е˵ڡ
ɢڵͣʣǳ֮İԪľ֮ǰҪͻеľ磬Ҳһǳѵ飬ܹһжͲһˡ
СܷͨɹҲǳ̣ҪǰᣬȵҲĻˡ
ѾĶˣɽеһ˿ȥˣȫǰΪգǻûס
ˣˣǳ綼ǳɹˣ˵Ԫľ֮ǰͻƵ񾳽磬δûʶĻᡣͷɢĵĴӴóһ˹ȥ
һֱڱŷȺ֮ͻȻ׳һڵһʱ䣬еǰ׳ֱӴǼ
飡
һǻƤϵڱ㿴еƷȻѸٵı󣬻һ˵塣
Էн͸ȴУ߼΢΢Щݣƺͷˣһ֮ȴû˿Ҫֵͣ˼һۣһֻ֣ǰ֮ץȥ
ΧΧ۵ˣ˿̶ȥҶû뵽÷۵ĵ̣˸÷۵ĵӶ֡
ڵǰ֮ˣȴվԭأ˿ûжܵ˼ʱڿ˶Է˫ۣĴ͡壬ûһ˿ɣȫһ˵
ԣ˲һתͷͿһӰѾԼԶͬ˫Ŀͬһ㡣
ĿѵģߣһαװԼɢޣڹߵĽ
ڲõĽڶԷһ֮£ֱӱԷƿɢ޿Ѿûκη˸߲⣬׼ԼСͨ
ڴʱȴͻȻɵӰӰֵɲǣһߵڣ̴һɵӰɢ޵
ڵСͨ˲ƻλá
ɢĵһʱ䣬н͸ȣͺԥɢ޵ͷ£ٶȿ磬ɢ޸ܲ
Σռ٣ɢͻȻһ˿ʶԼղһǳ޴ľ£Բð顣
ҲΣԣԼɹˣôҲԲʲô³÷۵ĹĪӣɢ֮ĸ֣ƻὫҡ
ɢ޵ڳ˻ںޣҲ֪ԼղΪʲôôͺǱɱˣֻ˳ɹĺôȴû뵽ɹĿԼС֮Եغ
ƴˣ
ܶԼղ޴еںޣˣĹѾҪˣҲֻҧһʹˡ
ʱɲɢôģн͸ȣ䵽ɢ޵ͷ
һ죬ɢ޵ͷ­ֱӾͱڵ飬ͬʱϰ߲⣬꣬ȴٵȥΪΨһ
ûеɵߣ;ֵķ֣ԶһɵӰȻ˲仯ϴЦڡ
ʣɢޣʱǳҪ룬ѾӲˣԵ̯˼ȦɫԲɢϣɢ޵궨ԭء
һʱͿܹһɢ޵̿ģȴû²һ֤Ӱ졣
һûܵӰڻعͷĿΧɨһۣȻ³һ֡

鿪ʼÿ죬ͬҲܿ죬ΧЩΧڵĻȻ˶üͷѡ˺ˡ
Щ˶˿ڵĿŷŵǰѾסϣĿ¶εɱ⣬׼֣ȴһ
˷ɣԼֲˣ
һɫǹˮ䵽Ǹϣ˲佫仯һϹ⣬׵ɢˡ
ڻعͷߵĪӣϵı֮ɫҲˡ


ʮ ʩ˼
ʦ
ԼߵĪӣ̹һ
Īڵ˵ͷȻĿתЩں˵ɢޣϵϢ˲ϯͷ
ͷɢޣʱȫоϷ·ѹһɽһŲ޷ŲҺѣһѹֿ־֮С
ֻĪߵںûܵκεӰ졣
ĪҲû˵ôվƺڵȴɹЩܵѹӰɢޣݵʱУ˵Ķͷ϶һϸ
ͷʱͷ·ڴʱֹˣЩˡ
ԭֵͷ˿ˮܹµĺΣ䵽ϵҲԼš
÷۵Īŭˣ˵ж룬÷۵ĵ̣ԼҵĵЩΣգ飬˭¶ᷢŭİɣ
ʱţһЩ˸оԼҪֲס׵ڹȥʱϵһ㵭ɫʼΧ
ͬʱΧԭʯ̾͵·棬ȻѸٵĸһ̦ƽ׶˼С
һĻĪϢһɣͷˣоԼϵɽ˲䱻ˣȫ˫һڵϣЩ˸ֱȥ
꾳ɢ̱дڵĴϢţϵĺˮȻֹס£ûз£ϵͨˮѾʪ˺󱳣ϡ
Ǽ⸱ӣѾȺ֮бȽϺõˣҪһЩ
ľ֮ĪӿѾɹ뵽΢΢ĵ˵ͷԵڴ˿̵ɫҲ׵Ļָˡ
ûãΧһƬϢ֮У˫ۣ̱㿴վԼǰĪӺڡ
ʦˣվĪһ񣬾ͺС򳤱㱨Լĳɼһ̸ĪԼϢ
һˣȥʦĸͷĪԴһĿ˵
ţĪӵĻͷһҲ¶Цݡ
תͷһԵһȻ󿪿˵Ӷлʦָ㣡
˵仰ͻȻע⵽ЩǱĹˣЩô£ôȫôǱ
ÿʦָһ㣬ӦõģڿͬЦ˵
ʵҲЩ£Լղûػʦֶʲô£ǵȵǻ֮ǽĪӽԼ
뵽ڶڸղŵɢޣֶ˼ַߺޣͬʱҲҶԷֶһ㣬Ҫ컹˵¡
һ꾳ɢޣȻôĵӣ÷۵ĵ̶÷۵ӳ֣˵÷ûͷĵһʱ䣬ʹеĶ
Щɢ֪÷¸ոտɲãҲԲǺ۸ţа뵽
ɹˣĪӽǸɢʬϵĴеУȻ˿ĶóһЩ̫ϵ̨Ķ֮󣬾ͽ佻
ո˼Ȼ㲻µƷǶĲɣ
ӹĪӵݹĴֿ˿ϵǾͷʬȻ֪巢ʲô£ҲԼһЩ²⡣
֮ĪҲûмȤֱӴ뿪ˣֻûߣʰһǾʬ壬һһ
ĪӴصɽ󣬾ʼΪȻͿʼľԪ
˵Ҳ˼÷۵ġľԪԭһŴľйɴĪӿʼӣĶľ֮û뵽ľ֮
˰ʱڻص÷У÷µĪӣǰʧ
ʦӽЩܲ⣬ܣʦ𷣣
Īӿڣҡҡͷ˵㲻㣬Ϊʦͬɣ
ڽı֣ĪҲˣҲȷûʲôҪģ˵ˣҲڵķѽ
֮˵ҪΪǸɢ޵ԭбһŭ𣬾÷۵ȫˣҪʲôΪ÷Լͬˡ
ʦӢڵ˵ͷ֪Լ˼Īӡ
ҪôΪʦ֧㣬Ҫ̫ϾǸɢޣ΢Щ⣬˵÷ûʲôĪӿڣƽ˵
Ǹɢ޵⣬ʦʾԣɶǸɢ޵Щ档
˺ü꣬ٵ飬ֲɢޣҲǵһˣʱҲ벻ͨΪʲôЩƽС΢Ƶϡ黫ֵɢޣôһЩʱ̣ͻȻͻһЩӷȵĴ¡
Ԫ޶࣬һ߲궼ЩӣϵѾȫһˣһЩľٶҲ漰֮ԺΪˣȻйϣĪ΢һ¡
ԣ˵ͷĪ֮ǰָйص֪ʶرǿԴˣ̫ᣬҲȫӣصڱԣ֤С
򵥵˵ǼԼеĶˣȻ̫ӣҲȫ̬ȥԴˡ
ĪӵĻڱףɢΪλڹؼʱ̹ĳˣ뵽ǰЩƵˣͻȻͷԷȵΪһҲܹ͵ˡ
ϵʱ˵һ߳˷ţڱʾ˸лͬʱڵĿУ˽
лʦӽտҪˣڽ龭ûжԼһ֣صıʾ˸л
֣µӣҡҡͷ˵Ҹлʦ壬ҵĺ󱲵ӣӦõģΪ÷۵ĵӣ֮Ҫ׽ԭӦġ
ʦ壬ûܹ㣬ЩΣգӦö㱧ǸȻҪ㲻ɢѾ׵ĴɱҲʦͨ⣬û˳
ڻ˵ϲԾ¶һ˿ƣһߵоϴѹ
ʦ壬룿Сһ䡣
÷ۿɲãȻʦ⣬ƽһֱΪƣһЩСˣεĻᣬҴ˳ʰһЩˣЩӰصɢ֪ﵽ˭ĵ̣ںܻĿ˵
ԭʦڵĻҸʦ˾ͿˣʦˣҾͽмһ£һҪЩĻ̥ˣӰ֮ȫβˣ


ʮ ʩ
Ҫ£ĪеȻͬʱҲֵ֧ġ
÷ѾһСˣӿ÷۴ʱΪƣ츣ӰصİգͬʱҲݼЩӰصɢޡ
һŻ˵һζĸ˺ôܹһȴǳõķչ֮
һȹ̵ԶǶʩΧΪƵͬʱҲȱʱƷӵĵõʵŽ
ЩĪԼȫ߱÷ΪһСţֲĪһ˵ɢ޶Ҫŵ
ĪΪҪµĻԴСɣ»ᱻڸȥһоͱúˡ
ĪӵĹע£˶̶̵ʱ䣬뵽˼λѣΪ࣬ȫ꾳Ϊ֮ǰɽģٴæˡ
м֮ǰɽ˵ԺԼΪ񾳽磬Ҳ÷۵ĵӣǰԼʦź£Ƿǳġ
ڴЩѣܿͽĿ׼ӰصЩɢУɢޣԥľͳֽɱˡ
Ȼɱ֮ǰǰҲɣ⼸ɢ޺ǰֶ÷۵ӲɢͬһóһЩ̫ص֤ݣ֤⼸ٽӰ֮ǰһйľ
ڵⷬ£ӰһЩɢȻЩԹͬʱҲеЩ£Ҳ˵ʲô
Щòˣת뿪ӰأвһЩ֮
ЩûʲôµɢޣڵȻᣬЩ׼뿪ģȴҲûзŹ
רôѣ׼Ϊ÷ҪǾ͸ɵ⼸ˣεΪδЩͷβˡ
һʱ䣬ںļӰؼӰܱߣһսʮೡնɱЩӼ߰ߵɢ޶ʮˣӰЩɢ޴ʼЩ̣ѾЩˡ
ͷߵһ¥ϣɢһ˵
⼸첻ٵĵѶ뿪Ӱأͷͬһ˺ܶడһɢ˵
˭˵أ˵ֶ÷۵ӳ֣ǽ÷۵ŭˣ⼸մɱλʿȻ˲Ҽˡһɢ˵
÷ôҲ޿ɺǵģϾӰؽ磬˸÷۵ĵӳ֣ĪûԶ֣Ѿǹ˼档
û뵽÷Ϊһʱô̵ţµʵȴСѽ֮ǰһ񾳽ǣðһڣʵ÷պûĪҲʢˣ
˵ˣ÷⼸ɱ˲ʿǶӼ֮߰ҵЩʵ֮ˣȴ޷

ɢڽţͻȻŴߵɢĿ⣬ӰԶڵȼˣԵļͬ飬ʹ˸ɫǿ⡣
˽Ŀת⣬Ҳ̿߹ڵȼˣȻĿͬʱһ
ֻڵУץһѪܵͷɫƽ˳ŵ·ǰߣûɢʲôϢȴԾ˸оһɱ⡣
һֱȵ˳ߵԶһɢ޺ʶһ£ȻڵǣȻİһ񾳽ĸָɵˣ
ΧɢޣջĿ⣬ĵ˵ͷ
ԼһǰڵӰطһ˵ʿԷصݣԼΪ
ڷԼĪ÷۵ĵӹ󣬴ûѡڵ˽ֱ֣ѡܣ¶񾳽Ϊ
¶񾳽Ϊ֮ڵ˲ûзǺԥ׷ȥ
鵱ʱвٵɢ޶ˣܿʹɢҲ֪ˣҾã񾳽ĸ֣ҪηĪӵѡֱߣڵ׼ȥҲסԷ
ɿڸղŵǿͷ­Ǹ񾳽ɢͷ­
ĶȴҡУȻм١
꾳ʿ÷۵֮⣬˵ɢޣû뵽ƾ⼸ˣȻһδ𣬾նɱһ񾳽֣ʵع֮һɢҲ̾
˵ڵʦǣĪ洫ۻҪ÷ۣԺָʲô

Ἰɢ޼̸ۣͷһ·ҡصɽ׼úдһ⼸λѡ
Ǽ꾳ʿһֵͷ⼸ɱ¾һţ˵ǳ˳
Īӿɽڵˣϲ
⼸ڵΪĪȫ⼸λѣһȥ׷ɱǸ񾳽ĸ֣ĪӵʶʵҲһֱš
Ǹɵ֣ƽͷڴ߹˻棬ĪȫˣЩľȫչʾĳɳֳɳΪϣҪĻϡ
ںļλѻص÷ۣĪ֮󣬼ͬʱĪ
鷳ˣǰļˣĪ˵ͷ˵
ڽղеǸͷ˳ͬʱóһƺĪӿڵ
ʦǸֵܵһЩˣҲץסˣԷԳĳŵˣδ
Īӿ˿ǸͷȻ˵ȥһӸİټѧãѽӦø÷ȥ˳ǰæ˵ݣʲô鷳ΪʦԽ
ڵ˵ͷĪô˵ˣҲͲõĺʲô鷳ˡ
ļʱ䣬ĪӽڵɽϣÿΣָһָ֮Щôü˸Իȥú
ȥټѧ֮Ҳȷλ񾳽ֵݣȷһСŵĳϣǸСʵ
ֻǷ˴ǸСӳģǸŻͣһƷһöǮ
õϢ֮°ǿͷ׼һʱ򣬵ǸСȥһˣ쵽֡
ڵǰ뿪ˣԼҲ÷۽ĪÿյĽ̵̵߽һżɽһΣܹܵЩɢ޿ԼĿ⣬ȫͬˣзһ˿η
һɱ¾Ӱػûʲô仯Ȼɢ޵һЩʱ䣬һЩµߣЩԭĿȱˣӰߵǱԽԽࡣ
ЩµߣڵӰܹ֮оԭӰصЩʿڱСŵľηȻִ˵ĿУ˵ǰ飬һȻҲΡ
ͬĪԤϵһӦǶʩ龭һʱ֮÷۲ûΪڵΪʲôøɢΪ֮Ҫ÷ۡ


ʮ и
÷Уֻ÷ϣʹĪӸմڵķţ÷
ĪӿһĨЦ⣬̼ǵ֮ǰվǸλµ˻ԼͻǣٺڣֳҲٹЩ꣬µ񣬼÷
˵÷죬ҪַͨҪʱ䣬ֻҪ÷һĴȥʱ䣬ʵҲʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӸоΧʼźɽչصľһۣеЦøŨˡ
ͻƵ꾳ˣջҲĲˣʱųȥٷһʱˡĪ
÷ȻӦĪҪܶ࣬ʱҲоΧı仯ͣеĶĿתĪӡ
ʦʦΪͻˣϴһ˿ϲʵ
Ī˵ͷǻشˡ
Դ֮ڵ׽˲٣ر֮ӰΪԼλԭЩ̫׵ʦ壬ӡ󳹵׵ĸĹˡ
֮ĪӾͿϴЦݴӺɽΪѾ꾳ڡ
ʦΪͻˣߵĪӵߣЦŶĪӿ˵
ǲͬڣһɢѣ֪ΪͻƵ׻Ứ೤ʱ䣬ͬʱҲ֪ԼٶȣѾ൱֮ˡ
ǡĪʱڣѾΪˣǸ֪Լ⼫ˣԶڵĳɼѾоˡ
úù̼죬ȻͿԼȥˣ꾳ͻƵ񾳽磬ǧҪעضԵ֮ʱ򡣡Īӵ˵ͷ˵
ӽʦ̻壡֣صһ񣬽Ī˵ĻεļС
ϲʦͻƵ꾳ڣһԵʱҲڹϲ
Ļ̽ĿתԴ˵úҪ˼ʱ䣬ΪҲͻƵ꾳磬ʱʦһȥһҵһЩԵ˵ҵһ£
ڵĵЦû̫⣬ϾദôãϰλʦĲŵ¶ӡĹҲһ
ҪһɵüúˣҪȹΪ㣬ʱʦĿ»ûӡĪҲЦŴȤһ䡣
ûϵʦֶΪңǵʱöһ֣Ժȥ˽֣Ҿ͸ҪҴ򣬾ȴӮҵʦֶԹԵģʱ򶼲ҪԳˣԷ϶ͶĪӵĴȤ˿Ϊ˵
ڵΪͻƵ꾳ڣڹ̼Ϊ֮Ҳûм뿪׼ٵһʱ䣬Ƚ÷죬Ѿ֮ٳȥ
֮ǰ÷ƣʱģʣµѾˣ֮ȻһЩһЩµ뷨Ҫһ¡
÷컹дԼʮʱĪӸոս̵ںһɽͤǳ֮ͻȻ֮䣬Īгһָоڤڤ֮У·һִͷ֮С
Ī˫ۣĿͷգܹԼִͷ֮УǴϴġ
֮ѣĪӻվ૵
봿ôãĪÿڼżõ÷Ƶڽ죬оԼ֮ѡ
ĪԸ⣬̾Ϳ֣ʼָ֣֮оǿңĪӲӺܳʱ䡣
ĪܹоԼΪڻнĿռ䣬ʱ֣зֵֶطϵҲ˵ĪӾԲŹĥԼĻᡣ
ȻʱһִͷĸоĪӴʱȴ÷ǳˣиУܹ֤һ£Ǿ⼸÷ۣԼΪڲϽġ
˼ǿʵȸԶֵ׼ҲҪֿˣб޻Īӻɽ£ͬʱ˼
ǰãſ֣ȷǲСʱĪӣܹӴݵĶɹ֣ӦҲܹɹ֡
ⲻܹӴֵ֣ǿȣ˶ģʵԽǿ˵ֵǿҲԽǿ
ĪȷֵԼʱҪԵ֮ѣҪǿҲҪúõ׼
ĪеķĪӾԼҪ׼ģӦ󷨡
ϴλСŵ뷨׼ҩΪֵĸĪҲԵĲ󷨣ΪԼĸ
Īӵʱضʹ÷ֵֶطмʱ䲻̣ÿβһ󷨣ҲҪ֮以ͻ⡣
֮⣬ĪӾþûʲô׼ˣУīȣľԪ飬ѾƷĲΣϵ΢㣬ҲƷ
ĪӵԪ«УҲѾ˰˵ھŵݻ֮УǰһЩˮѾﵽ˼ʮ֮ࡣ
ĪЩȻɽƾеղأǿһЩջ񣬻дɽɢлõģ֪֮䣬ͻôˮԪ«УȻԴԴϵĶӦˮ
ǺҲ֪ԼʦҪռˮÿγȥҲرһ£ĪӴһЩˮ
ȻܻõĴˮĪ˵ûʲôãԪ«ݻȴΪа
ЩĪӾԼ־Ѿˣ׼ô֣ȴڻбʧˡ
ɴ˿ɼ֮ѣҪĻҪģ׼㵽Ȼһ£ҲܹӳĵͶĲš
ٺúóһʱ䣬ȵΪ޷ʱ򣬾ҿʼֵʱ򣡡ص÷УĪӿ÷뵽
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪתͷĿɽ⣬ͶԶգ¶һĨЦݡ
ĪࡢĪû뵽ǽҲˣ
ĪӷųʶԶԶı㿴ߣһֻԼʮҵĻľӰطľϣվżӰĪࡢĪˡ
ĪࡢĪǰټѧũҺҽҵ֧ѧϰԭƻʱԳһЩӣҲǻʱˡ
һͬ˻кüŮĪӱȽǣĪࡢĪ˲ûվһǸԵߣվһһŮ
ѵ˵ȥѧϰһˣԵ¶ˣĪüͷа뵽
ĪȻʲôˣŮ֮£ܱ˶ҪͬⷽҲȽϿĪࡢĪԴĶ󣬶ǲˣҲֵ˽¡


ʮ 
ĪʶĪࡢĪˣĪٴκĪࡢĪʱʱѾ֮ˡ
ĪࡢĪʵûлӰأֱȥӸټѧãͣһʱ䣬֮صӰأֱȥºӹ壬ȻĪ
룡
ǰһȺˣĪϴЦݣһŵǰһλߵǰȻһơ
лĪǰҲͬ΢ЦǰĲ豭һڡ
ҵĵܵãһ·չˣԷһڲ֮ĪŻĿ˵
ǰλǰټѧɵһλˣֻҽһũҵˣһλʳҵĸ֡
Ϊټѧ֮У˵ѧɵʳңĸʵ࣬ǰλߣǡþ֮һ
Īѧҽ֮Īѧũ֮˵һģӦʳҵһλ֡
½ĪȻǰߵ΢һ£ǿվĪԣǸ΢ЩŵˣĪӴžԭί
ĪˣĪࡢĪ˷ǳĶ£Ҫչˣһ·˵˲ٹĪ£ҲĪţһ鴫ʳҵλЦǺǵ˵֮䣬ε͸¶⡣
ˣҶҲжţԷ¶˺ε⣬ĪҲʲôӣֵͬ÷ǳơ
̸ݣһԵĪˣ΢΢һ
ཻ˼䣬λʳҵľͽ⣬ĪӿڵݼĪʶһĪ֮⣬ʵһĿġ
λʳҵ˵仰ĪϵЦݻˣҲû˵ͰȴŶԷġ
ʯ˳λʳҵ߶һԵĪĪкһ˽еǰ
ҵĺ󱲶ʯ˳ΪҺʵĪͶϣáǰһĿľףϣӳɾͺ¡
ĪԷĻĿ⿴ǰʯ˳ȽϿʣһ˿񣬱ֵ΢ЩţȻҲھĿԼԼ
ӵһ۵ӡ˵ĻĪӶǰʯ˳ӡڲòоֻͨ
ĪҲˣհĺŹӣ˻֮ĥеǿޣЩȣǰʯ˳ķǳͨ
ˣĪӵĿⲢޣԼδиˣĪӲԾ˶Է
ǰʯ˳ʱֻԼ˺񱻿һ㣬ǿҪȴԽԽ졣
Ī˵ֳĪӣһǳˣڼ֮ǰʯ˳ҲҪĪӣҪʲôı֣Īͬ¡
֮ǰô࣬վĪǰ֮Īӻûбֳʲôʯ˳ѾʼˣηĪӵΪֻǵĪӻӶĪ¡
һԵĪʵҲͬЩţĪֳжĪʵҲûһ׼ȷı׼ֻ֪Լֳǳ˲𣬴СʱʼԼݺ׷ϵĿꡣ
ĪǵСʱԼĪƤʱĪĵĽ̵ǵģҲǵ벻𰸵ʱֻҪѯĪӣܵõȷָЩ¼
ĪࡢĪ˵ĪֳĪɽһܹŵ׵λϣǺĪջ᲻ͬ⡣
ϸһʯ˳ֿ˿һ΢΢ͷĿ͵ԼĪĪתͷǰ߿ڵһ÷ۣûʲôдģǰ÷ϾҪˣɽͣտɺã
ʳҵԣһ÷Цŵͷ˵ãǾҪĪˣ
Ҷʳ֮ҲǳĽ⼸һվˣԶӦҲˣȥϢһ¡
Īӻһ˵꣬ͽڣЩˣȥס٣ĪĪ׼˺ú̸̸
ɽϵĿס£ʯ˳ߵԺУĿ⻹ǲס÷۵ķЩġ
ˣ˼ֳҪЩڿҲûʲôãʱ䣬úõıְɣʳҵλʯ˳ļĳ˵
÷ۣɽϵĻϺĪӸղŶݵĽӴʳҵλãĪӵȷһ൱򵥵ˣСŵĿ֮棬ǳˣԳ֮˵պܶһ·
ոĪѾ˵ˣأǸ칤ѧɵĹôһ¡ĪӿǰĪࡢĪĿĪ˵
ĪѾ֪ˣĪҲע⵽Īߣղվһ칤ѧɵĹ毺ãĪ࿿ıȽϽ˵ĹϵҲ򵥡
⣬˵Ī£ҵ飬һʱ䣡Ī΢Щ˼˵
Īԣٴ¶Цݣ԰ȥһ˰ټѧɣʱԵ˶ˣ⵹Ҳͦõġ
ĪࡢĪ˻һۣЩĪ˵仰˼ǸеˣǸеЩŭ
ЩСģĪҲûϹ£ֱӼ˵ѾȥˣǶǵʲô
Ѿˣ⣬Σ˵ҪֳСĪش
ĪɽʵһֱĪࡢĪ£˷ֱŸԵ˻ĪɽȻָˣʯ˳ҲǱȽġ
֮࣬ҲŮзˣԼۡ
Ϊ˾ܱ֤Ůҵ˺иĶǽѹصȨĪӵĪӵ۹⣬ǻ൱ŵġ
ĪҲĪɽ򸾵˼һۻڵͷĪĪƽĿڵҲСˣȷӦÿ£Ǹʯ˳һӡ󻹿ԣ⼸ʱ䣬һúùעһСӣǸˣ׮Ȼû⡣
ĪӵĻĪ̧ͷϴһ˿ϲı顣
ֳ˵ģ
ȻģĪߵĪǰĿֱĪ۾Ȼڵ
֪䣬ѾǸˣҪΪޣ齨ԼµļͥˣҸֳĲ㣬һѺùأ㽻һֵиˣףҸ
ĪӵЩĪۿͻȻЩ΢΢죬Դȥ˰ټѧѧϰ֮ӰصӾԽԽˣĪҲʱڼңЩֳĸ飬һЩСʱ׽ôЩη
Ī仰֮ĪСʱĪӸǴóԵģȥˣЩ棬һʱеͷЩᡣ
Ǵˣɱˣ⼸Ǿɽϰס£˵˵ѧľҲҿѧʲôĪİοһĪȻֽĿתĪࡣ
Ҳ˵˵ǹ¶
Īԣ¶ڨڨЦݡ


ʮ ͬ
ټѧɵ֧ĪӻǸеǳģǰʵҲȥ˼ȴһֱûᡣ
ĪࡢĪе֪ЩѧϰľĪӶڰټѧɵ֧һ˽⡣
ټѧУѧɵ֧ʵһ𣬵ҲԶѧ֮ϵԽãѧ˵ԽӽǿԻǾѧɵ֧ͻ῿Խ
ĪࡢĪڵũҺҽң˴˼ľͲԶѧ֧ڶ֣Ӧѧ֮УΪ¸صѧǰ򣬾ҵѧշǳŨ
ʳó֮ҪõʳģͬʱҲҪһЩҽʳҵ֧ũҺҽҲԶ˴֮кཻܶҲʯ˳Īʶԭ
ĪӴĪࡢĪ˽ǵѧϰ˽Ǻʯ˳ԼĪǸʶľĪӲи̾
Ҫץסһ˵ģȻҪץסһ˵θ
ʯ˳ʳҵĵӣȻó⿸ʳ־Ī͸ֺóԵģһȥĪȻˡ
Ī࣬ʶλ칤ѧɵĹΪȥ칤ѧɰλεˣʶġ
˽Щ֮ڽļУĪصעһʯ˳λ칤ѧɵĹ
ͬʱλʳѧɵĸһʳҵʳѧɵ˽⣬Ҳǰˡ
ʳѧɵĺڡʳΪ족仰ϣ仰ĺθһЩİճԱ߳Ժá
ʳģҪͨʳǿյǣԴﵽǿĿġ
ĪӺλʳҵĸֽʱ֣ʳҴһʼͶԼѧɵĶλǳ׼ȷԼѧɷŵ˺ʷЩƵλá
ʳյ壬ôұǿͷԴϻۣӶǸõѧϰټ֮ȥԻǸЧ
ҲΪˣʳѧɺʷһڰټѧ֮ԵǳãûκһѧɵǺʳѧŸϳͻġ
һ̸֪ʳѧ˵֮̾ĪӿԼʳ΢Ц˵
ʳҲѧĪԸ˽ʳȻ⽻λʳҵҲͬЦŻص
⼸ദλʳǰĪӣбøӿˣ֪ǰ֮ˣһλߣһСſ֮棬ҪΪǰټѧļҵĸˡ
ΪһߣĪӶڰټѧɵѧ˵ź˽⣬ҪǣԷŲĸΪѵˡ
̸䣬ĪͻȻᵽһζԶתͷȥĪӾ֪ʯ˳ʳ͹ˡ
⼸ɽϣʯ˳Ҳ֪ĪڿҲڿĺúñ֣˿εֺĪӡ
Ϊһʳҵĵӣֺ˵ķʽǸԷʳ
⼸춼ʳĪƷÿ춼ǲģʳҵλҲܣԼ֡
һ̲ȣ߹ʯ˳ĪĿƳʳҵһۣԷûκηӦҲԭûж
ĪүҸĹ㣬ƷеĲȣʯ˳û̽ǰǶУ˵
Īӿһ۶ԷеȣǳĲζ˱ǶȵζȴĪһЩϤ
֮У÷ƣĪӺĵʵ
εҵģר㣡ʯ˳æش
ţǰ°ɣĪ˵ͷʾ佫¡
˵ĶԻĪӶλʳȴĵ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ī⼸ϸĹ۲ʯ˳ͬҲںͶԷӴһ£Էһʲôˡ
ӵ÷ƣڸԼһˣڵ۹⣬ʯ˳
⼸ͨĪӵĹ۲죬ҲöԷǸˣֵĪиȻ۲ʱȽ϶̣ԷҲпǿı֣ͨĪͨʶϸ۲죬һϸڷһ¡
ԷÿθԼ˵ʱÿ趼ǳϸ߾˷ϴʳҲǳĵĴÿ裬ȫˡ
ЩССϸڣܹһ⣬Ǿʯ˳ĪȷĵģҲôԼֳ
ȻҲпǶԷһɵϰߣԷôõϰߣԼѧܹעѪҲ֤һȽϴˣϵһ˿񣬾һܴŵ㡣
ӣĪӶڶʳһƣȻ˸Լһ⣬С
ڻ壬һŨĹ;㣬Īӵζɢζʯ˳⼸˶Ҫá
÷۵÷ƣȻѵһļζЧǰĶҪáʳҵλȿ˵
ĪӷеĿӣҪ˵ͻȻһ÷ζߵ÷ɢ
ͻȻֵĹ㣬̽˵ע˹ȥϵһöӲӵ÷ǹ˵ζĪߵʳʯ˳Ҳ֪÷ˡ
ã÷ˣʯ˳ȥ˹һƷһ÷Ī£ҴӦˣĪתͷ¶һĨ΢ЦһԵʯ˳˵
棬ģȥʯ˳ԣ¶ϲɫȻٶĪһתܿˡ
лĪȫܿʯ˳ʳҵλͬҲǹһЦĪ˵
ã⼸۲죬ʯ˳Ҳ㲻ֳȻû֮Īӵͷ΢Ц˵
÷ˣƷһ£˵÷УܹζȡĪһ˵ţһ߾׼̧ժһЩ÷ȴʳҵסˡ
Ī𼱣⼸պ͹࣬ûùʳֶΣվ΢׳һ£÷ʩչһʳ֪֮ɷ񣿡
ǾʩΪĪԣ˵ͷ˵
Īӵʳҵλվ̯Ӱסǰ÷
һ˲䣬÷ɢĹ㣬ûǱøŨˣɽÿһܹŵõζ󷨵ػɽ⣬Ҳܹͬŵõζ
ܿ죬ζͷ·ʲôѸٵʧˡ
Īӷ÷ϵЩ÷ɫȸղűøˣȻõһ
ʳҵʩϣصղŵλãĪǴһ˿棬ժ˼ö÷ϸĹ۲һ¡
÷õǰĪӲŷǹɹ㣬ʵûȫʧֻǱ÷ǳˣͺǺܶ鵤ҩɢ㣬ǻУıҩ
ʳҵ֮ƺ÷ú̵ĵҩЩӽˣȫջصʵ֮УʳҵֶΣ÷ЧõСȵ
˻ûĪҲûмųһԱһЧж󣬾ˣʳҵֶΣĪҲ˸ʶ


ʮ ɳ
˶֮ĪƷһ±ʩչʳ֮÷ЧȷСȵ
СȵʵѾ൱ˣϾ÷Чٳ߸ͷһȻϼѡ
ûж÷κ˵£ƾһֶΣ̶ֳȣĪѾЩˡ
ĪԵȴ÷ΪɣЩɽϣ÷ˣƷͬʱĪ¸𸴡
Īӵ˵棬һ׼ȷĴ֮һͬɽϵˣȫеǳĸˣĪʯ˳˱ʾףء
ڴҵףУĪӵĿȴĪλ칤ѧɵĹĪ䣬Īȴû䵽ʵ
ЩĪͬҲע۲һλ칤ѧɵĹоλ칤ѧɵĹһȽϵˣڻϱȽϳԡ
ĪʶֶᷢԷһϾʱ̣һЩ˺Ī֮⣬˵Ľࡣ
ȻһЩȽԵĲ֮С⣬ĪϲĪӵȻҲᷴԣϾԺĪԼģĪӿ԰ѹأܴѡ
˵ĪȻѾλؼˣ˼еĸĸһӦ̸ۼˡ
ɾ⼸ദĪӷĪƺ˼ûԼֳȥס
Īں֪Īλﵽô£˵ôġ
ĪʱȴʱΪڷù÷֮÷ҩ£ѧǰټ֮Ҳõ˲Сڶȥҩˡ
ҹĻ٣ɽɽĪͤУĿյǳĵȴš
Ƭ֮һӰͤŰĪӣ΢ԥһ£Ȼ󻺲˹ȥ
ֳңĪĪ˵
ո÷ҩͽӵĪӵĴרһɽͤ
Īתͷ΢ЦĿĪ˵ȷ̸̸
ĪԣĪӵߣĬû˵ΪŲµˣĪҪ̸ʲô
ţֻ˽һ˼ȻˣֲһȷĴ𸴣ֳҲܺ棬ﵽôģĪӿĪӣƽʵ
ֳҡĪԣҪ˵ʲôȴֹסˡ
ʲôͷĴ󵨵˵㻹ʲô˵𣿡ĪӼ˵
Īӵ仰ĪĬƬ̣ŹĪ˵ֳҺʱףȥһ飬֮ٳף
ŶȥʲôĪٴʵ
ǣȥı߹ǰߣĪûڳĬֱӰ˵Ļ˵˳
ȥı߹ǰߣŴԣӻĪӳĬˡȥѪҹأҲѪҹЩټҵӣȽ϶ģҽҺ칤ѧɵĵӡ
ٰټѧɵӣѧҵг֮󣬶ѡȥ߹ǰĪ˼ʵҲ֡
֪ı߹ǰߵжΣ˼ܻеĺ𣿡ڳĬƬ֮ĪӿĪ࣬ٴοʵ
ټѧɵĵӣȥı߹ǰĪӲûоĪԼĵܵܣͱȱ˵󣬲ȥ߹ǰðա
ĪϣĪ뷨Լʵ뷨Լ˼ǣǵһкеͷһʱͷԷȣܵ˵Ӱ죬
ϸǹЩѧҽ֮ջҪ֮أȥı߹ǰߣΪһ㹱ףһȥĪĪӵĻĿĪ˵
ĪӿĪ˫ۣܹеһĨᶨ֮ɫҲЩǷġ
ֳԴӻ֮ʵһֱ˵£ֻҲ֪ôú͵˵ҹȻֳˣҲûʲôġ
ҺĪСʱʱ̰棬ֳͽ̵ǶҪҺĪΧ˺ġȥټѧѧô꣬ҵ֮ҲֳָǣǴһδһ㡣
ȥҽҵ֧ѧϰ⼸֪꣬Լʲôֳܹȫ
Ī༸仰˵꣬Īһ֮Уȫ˸о⼸仰Էθ
ĪЦЦվӰֱȻĪ˵ɳ˲٣Ȼûȫ죬ܺã
ֳͬȥˣĪЩڴĿĪӡ
ȥԣѧôı£ҲȷҪ㷢ӵĿռ䣬ҪԼ˵ǣһȥҪȥãܵøʱɣĪ˵
⡭Ī仰ոЩڴ飬̾¿
ȥúɣǸܵóɼҵģһֱһأҪȥ׷ҪģܵøһͷɣĪ˵仰ʾĪ뿪ˡ
Ī̾һָĪӣȻλֳԼ˵ڿûϣˣÿԼС
Ī뿪ɽɽĿȥĪվԭأ˼ࡣ
ĪࡢĪ˴Ӱټѧýҵ֮ĪӾͽǵ˿ˣȥ˸ѧɵ֧ѧϰ˼꣬һ׼ɼҼΪޣһҪȥı߹ǰһʱ䡣
ӸղŵĽ̸УĪӿԸоĪԼ뷨̬ҲǳļᶨֵܱĲôģ֮ǰɳɳࡣ
һ˵ĳ׳죬Ҫͨһδεľܹɵģһһ͵Ḷ́Ī࿼飬ɲôȫ棬ķչ
Ȼȥı߹ǰ߷ǳΣգĪӲĪûһԼ뷨Īӵǿ԰ҵ򣬵ѾԼ뷨ͲҪĪȥ滮ˡ
һ˵ĳɳҪһЩԣҪһЩΣգҲֵȥһ£ڵȵ֮󣬻عԼһȴûйöǡ
ĪֳҪģֻǸһЩĴʩƽȥ߹ǰߣջĻ
һҹʱȥĪ֮󣬾ͺʳҵһɽǰºӹ壬׼ȥĪɽ򸾡
ʯ˳ĪһأǽҪİ¶ˡ
ʳҵλʯ˳ĳʱƸЯţֻ׮¶£ͻᰴǣƸԼɻڣȻȥ׼ˡ
ºӹĪɽ򸾼Īһˣλʳҵһ·̸ٿĪʯ˳˶һۣ϶¶ϲɫ
Ȼǲʶü֣ǰһĻҲʯ˳ǹĪһأŮйˣȻеˡ
֮һҲչˣʳҵλƸ񣬲һö壬һжǰġ
ĪҲóһö׼õĻλʳҵ˫Լɻڣ¾Ƕˡ


ʮһ 
Ī޵ӣն˴֮󣬴׼ʱ䲢̫Ҳ๻ˣϾɻ˫ɲհĹӣȻⲻҪһЩվǸϡ
ԭʱģΪ飬ȴļƻ
Լļƻңûһ黳ǷǳĿġ
ĪࡢĪĹϵҲĪɻ飬Ҳףģҽͼ飬ԼҲûо÷ǳʡ
ͬеĵĻûа÷֮ǰĪʱЩ
÷۵£ԺҪúñĪȴû뵽ĻеҪٵö࣬ĪˣҵԼĹޣΪĪеģͬʱҲĪ޵ĳﱸǳġ
˵ʱ˭᲻̫ģ˾ʲôĪˡ
ºӹĪɽ򸾼УĪͷɥվĪɽ򸾵ǰĪɽ򸾶䣬һ춼һ
ľСʱйԴټѧ֮󣬾Ҳûˣû뵽һСʱ򱻸ĸѵľĪʵһ㶼
úһ룬ٹʱ䣬Ҫˣ㻹Ҫȥı߹ǰߣԼȥҪҪһȥҪҺĪӵĸѵĪ࣬һŭ䲻ģ
Īӵĸ׻˵꣬ĪɽֽŽϻͷĪ࿪ʼ䣬㿴˼ҹѾһˣǲﲻʲôг룬Щ㿼ǹ𣿡
ĪŵԼ䣬΢΢ԴĿͶһԵĪӣֿĪӲԶͬͷλ칤ѧɵĹ
ʱҲͷ˫ʶĽһ𣬰ŪԼ½ǣΪĪɽ򸾵ĻоЩ־ᡣ
Īע⵽ĪĿ⣬΢΢ҡҡͷȻվߵĪɽ򸾵ߣȰһˡ
ˣǾͱĪˣ˵˼Ƕȥı߹ǰߣΪһڴǴûʲô⡣
ĪӿڣĪɽ̻ˣֻǶĪӵĻǻЩͬĪࡢĪȻǺӣôܹȥôΣյĵط
˵ĪӣԼӶѾˣôСĪԱȵġ
ǵط̫ΣˣƾҪŹһȥһҪиʲô£˼ҹｻҴ˼ҹʲôûж£ʲô£ĪӵĸתͷĪ˵
ѾôȰȰģǹĪĸ׵ĻĿ⿴ǱߵͷŪ½ǵǸ
Ǹ칤ѧɵĹҲĪӵĻȻЩߣ˿ȴ̧ͷȻ󻺻վߵĪߣҲûп˵˼Ѿĺˡ
ĪתͷһԵˣһǸ񣬶ǹǳ΢΢Цһ¡
ǰ˵ӣĪ΢΢üͷȻͻȻڵȻѶǲһȫǰɡ
ĪӴһ˶ĿĪи¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
˵Ŀ⣬ĪӼڵأȥı߹ǰ֮ǰȽĻ¶°ɣҪԼһʱ䣬ɣ֮Ǿ͵ûɻ飬˿ɷ񣿡
Īӻһ˵꣬һۣĪɽ΢΢ЩĶˣǾЩףĪ칤ѧɵǸ˵ıͱЩˡ
ȿһ£Īޣдʱ䡣Ī˵֮Ҳٹܴˣֱͻ÷ۡ
ʱʵҲô׼ñȽϽĻʱ仹ЩִٵģĪϵ˲࣬ΨһһþҪˣĪֳģ뽫ƯƯļ޳ȥ
ȵĪ뿪֮ĪĪɽ򸾲֪˵Щʲôֱ֮ź칤ѧɵǸصɽᡣ
ʳҵλʯ˳Ѿ뿪ˣֻ칤ѧɵˣͳ¸ңĪҲãȥ߹ǰȰ¶
Īӹսİ취ҲԼ˵˫һĪɽпܴӦ
ʱһתۣ͵֮ĪҪ׼ĶѾ׼˴롣
һ죬ĪӽĪе÷ۡ⼸ų޵ԽԽĪȴЩˡ
ȻΪ޵ȷһϲ£պǱ˵ˣӰصºӹңĴˡ
мҪ㣡ĪӿĪ΢ЦŶ˵ȻĪ߽䣬һţĪͿ˲ķУһµĺɫ¡
ֳǸҵģĺɫ£ĪһĨϲ֮ɫתͷĪ˵
Ǹģܸ˭Īͷº͵˵
ļ£רŰذԼģո͹á
ضĪӰеҲģ¸ո͹ĪӷѼˣҴﵽĲΣȻֻǽƷǳ˼
˵ôֻãΪۣļ£ҪãǾ൱ƷķΪһ£ȴÿһﶼᷢϲġ
һȵĪ˼£ٴγĪǰʱĪҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ
´ĪϣԭòֻСұĪȻЩ޲ɷϵʱöׯţ֮䣬Ҳ˾̬ȣ˾ͺŹ⣬䲻˵֮ˣҲ޶ࡣ
ĪߵĪӵǰϴЦ⣬ĪǰתһȦʵֳҺÿ𣿡
õȻĪӺЦͷ˵
ллֳĪĪһЦȻȥ»һ߳ϵЦȻûɢȥ
ЦĪĪٴοڵм£Ҫˣֳݣ䡣
Īô˵ĪߵĪӵ£ȴĪӵġ
֮ʯ˳ˣܻǰİ㣬㣬ͬҲҪȥѧȥΪһЩ
ǰһֱĪ࣬ʲô飬Ҳ˰⣬ӽ󣬺ܶ飬ҪԼˡ
СƢСӣǰһҪȫʯ˳ӣѵʱ򣬶ȥ
ӰԶļңĸҲԶˣڳ֮žʯ˳һǵӣֻҪúãĸǻӿġ

Īһ˵˲ٵĻĪҲϸϸš
ԭЩĪǴȵĪ޵˵ģʱҲúʣǰ˵˰ɡ
ĪϣԼΨһãڼΪܹ֮ҸΪӵĪպҲֵܹģֻܰЩϣܹҸ


ʮ ͼ
ʱ˵̲̣˵ʵҲûж೤µ׼ܿ͵Īڽʱ
ʯ˳ߵѾѯ׼˶Խ̣׼ȷһ¸ˡ
Īߣ鶼Īӵ˽вٰģѾ׼׵ˣʣµϸڣֿп޵ĵĪӾѾˣȴԭ׼õĶУЩҪ
Īɽ򸾾е͵ĴܾЩû׼ãۿԽԽÿæýŲմأȴС
ĪҲûЩ⣬Щõʱ׼Ѿǳ׵ˣԻв㣬ȥģַָĵĵطܸ࣬Ĺ֮󻹲ԭġ
һǱȽӣһЩǡ
Ī޵ʣʮʱҲصɽ
ܰʱлڵǰѣڴһϢĪ֮ǰϻ
һʱ䲻ǣĪӷǱ仯ǱȽϴģΪȻû٣ΧΧˮ˵ĸоȴǳĻԾ
ĪҲˮ֮򵽴һ̶֮󣬲ųֵһ
Īû뵽ʱộȻջ񣬾һг̡
ȥ콭ĵطǱƽĿڴ
𰸣ĪӶô̵ʱڣԵ˴ȫеȡ
콭ȻѾˣ콭ˮ߹ƬˮĵطϤĸӦ֮£ˮ֮ҲǷǳ¡
ǻصɽ֮Ҳûü죬͵׶óʱ
еĵطݣҲǰټѧɸ֧ڵĵط֮һ·;ȽңԶҪüʱ䣬Աǰ
ոӰشİղŸոͻȻͿɽϣһɫĹڵһ߶֮󣬹鿪ǳ֮¡
һĻӰصİѾȽϤˣɽ÷ÿĩһԡǳ֮ʱҶῴĳ
ֻɻǣĩǸոΪʲôͻȻַųһǳ֮
ɻ󣬵ƽ׶һԡǳ֮ĻᣬȴôҸеϲġ
͵׼ԡǳ֮ʱȴһӴϲ׶飬һоţԡǳ֮У׼Զȥ
ǣ׵Ķ飬ˣ˵ĪҪˡгֵ׶飬һЩϢͨһЩˣô¡
ǳ֮£һöϲҲͬʱ׵Ķ֮УһƬƬ꣬·ÿһ˵ע
˿Կ׶ǰһͲʿ÷۵󷽵ĶУԿĪӡǡڵ˵Ӱ
һǰȥף÷ۼȫһҵ˶û£󷨵ػ£Ī˿÷۵İȫ
׶ÿһ˶ķǳϲ죬ģҪмĪ
Ǽ£¿ݣʹȵˣҲĳǺεȾݡ
Ҳ֪˭ҵĶɣȻĸܹȢΪޣܺĪΪ׼ңſԶȥĶ飬ӰеһЩԴĽ˵
ˣ˵ǰټѧ֮ʳҵῡܣֻˣŻ˸

׵ĶʱԳƵǴˣ뿪Ӹ֮󣬴ҾûôҡˣʼȽϵ͵ĸ·
ʼʱҡһЩҪǸ߱ˣ·ˣҪģ滹кü·̣ͿԵ͵һЩˡ
׶ߵʱ䲻죬ΪĪʱģȵ쵽ݵʱ׵ĶٴηϿС
ĪʶӦݵı߽磬ӭ׵ĶѾȺˣǱӻóö壬ٿöĪĳϡ
ʱĪӵ˾ͼӭ׵Ķ飬Īӵھӭ׶黹м׵ʱͣ£һհ׳ʱһǣһЩƷǰժ»׵Ķӭ׵Ķһ
һ·ϣĪĿżҿһﲻǰټѧ֧ڵ֮һǹŨʱʱ̿ڿ֮Уһ״̬쳣ȶ
ĪûзųʶܹӦԶһЩطʮǿϢǶǰټѧ൱ڴѧɸ֡
ûãĪӵ˾˾лĵطⳡĳ浱Ȼûа취հ׳ɻʱᲢۣΪԵȽϺõʳңҵصǰټѧɵ֧ǰɷǳࡣ
ĪӻзһЩϤףҲհ׵ǳϡ
ܿ㿪ʼˣеʽɵĽУĪ￴ʯ˳Īһɸʽζǳӣףֻһ˿ᣬһοԼôһĵġ
ָӵζ֮󣬱㻯һݸĪڵתٶͻȻӿ죬ԭ÷ǳȻСȵһء
ͬʱĪҲĸоͷִͷ֮У˲ͱøǿˡ
쳾£УĪа̾һû뵽ͼһˣһ˿򣬾ȻԼΪٴҲԼֽٵʱøˡ
ûþͽˣĪӵͣһڶ׼ȥ
ڶһ磬ʯ˳ĪĳһĪӵǰҪһĪЩ뿪
΢Цʯ˳ᶼĪĪĪͷȻĿתʯ˳Ŀ˵þиչˣһģЩ޷κϣ֮ǰһЩҪ㡣
ʯ˳Īô˵ϵЦݣı飬׼ĪӵĽ̻塣
ӽһɷˣһ壬ʲô飬ҪȫԼţһҪѹء
ҲǽһЩëϣһɳЩëҲһĵ˫ҪǽģõΣʳҸڶ࣬ΪһɷΣЩҲòҺ˵
ϣ˻ܹͺԺãôһ죬ʵ㲻ְִܹͷҲ㣬ʱֻҪһ⣬ҵģձνӻȥ
Īӻһ˵꣬ʯ˳ûпڣһǼλѾ̱̬ˡ
ĪģĪϱǶǳ⣬ӸҲܺãպĪʯңԲκεί
λ׼ˣĪѾʯҵϱˣĲõĵطλôӦõġĪԣЦŶԼ˵
ĪۣֳģһĪõģʯ˳ҲһԱ̬
ֳĪǰһ˽ĪӵĻѾ˳


ʮ ȫĪ
뿪ݺʱ׶飬ֿʼԭ·أ̶̼ʱ䣬ͻصӰء
ԭǺǴڻȥ·뿪ȥԼ֮ãһȴĪӽסˣһ÷ۡ
ĸдĪΪѾൽ˴Բĳ̶ˣȵλȥ֮ٽĪ£ĪӾ׼ʼɴֵĵһַˡ
һѵõĻᣬĪȻҪԹĦԱΪδֻһ㾭飬иο
ȻںĪӶʱ仹磬ǰϤһҲԣ⻹˳Īӻ
صӰ֮󣬻ûеĪȥĪ࣬ĪҵĪӡ
ֳͷף
ĪӿĪ࣬Ҳû˵ʲôֻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ¶Цݡ
һлǰ֮ǰĽˣĪȥı߹ǰʱ䣬ȵ֮Ǿͻס
ȻһܹĪӵ˼ĪҲǷ˲ٿ࣬ղžõĽ
ĪȻֽٵĸоѾԽԽˣȥԼܵʱ仹еġ
λ칤ѧɵĹݣҾȽʵǻʳĹԱͬҲǰټѧɳ
ĪһȥףȻ˳м䵹һЩۡ
ҪλļˣԭĪ˼ҹؼңļ˾ڼ׵ţһȾǴ֮ãȻЩԹ
Ҳ˫ŮԸ⣬Īţ̬ŵñȽϵͣն¡
Īӻ֮ǰλĸ׵̸̸ǰ߹ǰߵ£˶ٶЩ˽ģλĸףΪһʳĹԱǰټѧɳȻŮľʾ֧֣ⲻ˵ġ
Īӵһ̸ҪҲĪӰһΪȫ·ϾѪĺǴηʱŹȥûм꣬һЩ˻ǵ顣
λ׵˹ʶ³ɹ֮ǰЩãҲɢˡ
صӰغĪȥºӹ壬Īɽ¶ϢȻֽĪδӴɽʼһЩĶ
ЩǶţΣͷҲܹõĵȻϣòϣ÷УĪӽݶֱ𽻸Īδĵϱ
ĶĪԼı֮ĪרŻʱƵöϴķԷӳͨڸһʣµһЩҩ֮Աʱ֮֮
ֱֲֳսЩͲ˰ɣĪ࿴ǰݶЩΪѵ˵
СĪоһֱֳչǣǸֶȥټѧѧϰ裬ȥѧ֧ѧϰĻѣ׼ƸҲĪӰæ׼ġ
ĪԼѾһˣˣȴһֱĪӵĸ裬񼴽ǰı߹ǰˣټĪʲô
ûãδϱȴǺȻľͽӹĪӵݹĶҴ󷽷ĶĪӱʾ˸л
лֳ
Īԣûм˵ôЦĪࡣ
лֳˣĪ״ҲֻܽӹĪӵĶͬĪӱʾ˸л
ȥı߹ǰߣͲҪˣҪȥĵطѪҹأ׼һ¾ͳɣĪ¶˵
Īӻһ˵꣬Īδ˶һۣдһ˿ԥƺ˵Щʲô˿֮ǰĪӾͼ˵
صһѪĺչǣû򣬶ҪչЧʵ䷴ͷȥɣ
Īӵ仰ڷĪһ񣬱ȥǰĸˣ׼ǰѪҹء
ǲ̫죬ϣǴѪҹػ֮󣬻ڸӳһЩ뿪ıӰĪа뵽
ĪЩȷɳ˺ܶ࣬컹һЩղŵı֣ûδӱֵĺãһЩԡ
֮ĪδӴһˣһǰѪҹأ죬Īɽһ·ͳӰء
ȻĪѾǵһˣε̫һѧȥΣյģһȥʱ䣬˵ʵѧͬʱΪĪɽ˵һ쿪ʼҪΪĪൣꡣ
ȥɣǱ֤Ī͵ϱԲµģ֮ǻƽƽĻĪӿվþöԸ뿪Īɽ򸾣˱֤
Īӵ仰Īɽ򸾶һۣȫĿͶĪӣдһĨɻ󣬵ȴΡ
Ӷ㲻˵Ѫĺչ𣿡ĪӵĸЩɻʵ
ҵȷѪĺչû˵չȥһѪҹأҲЩѵģĪЦŻشһ䣬ȻʹĪɽתߡ
õĪ𸴣Īɽ򸾵Ҳ˲٣ȵ˻صеʱѾһЩЦˡ
ӶأúúõѧѧֳǰԶԼԺУĪɽ΢΢ҡͷ˵
÷УĪ¶һ˿΢ЦջһֱעĪɽ򸾵ʶͨ˸ղŵĶԻҲͳ׵ķˡ
Ī£ҲǸһˣһĪɼҵȥԼʱˡ
ܵܡõ鶼ѾˣĪھҪԼˡ
ĪڵڻѾﵽһԲĳ̶ȣĿռ΢΢ּٵԤУҲԽԽǿңʱ׼ɷˡ
Ҫɴ֣ȾҪѡһʵĶֵص㣬Ȼ󾡿첼󷨣׼
ֵĵص㲢ңֻҪҵһ˼֮Χĵ֮ҲҪܣĪȫԳֽһ鷳һڲ󷨣ҪĪԼˣǺڶܹæ
Ӱһ˼ĵطԭһƬľïʢɽ֣˿ѾڼɽΧ֮еһƬأĪѡĶɷ֮ûĻ֮ʣµĻֺ֣Ҳɹ
ΧƬصļɽһɽĪӽһɫŽʯͷɽһڵ㣬ͬʱת󷨼
һ˲䣬Χļɽһһֱʣ󣬼â˲ɢΧ⼸ɽϣͻȻһɫĹ⣬⼸ɽμ
ˣ׼׵ΪʦϢһ£Ϳʼɷ֣ΧŹâļɽĪ΢΢˵ͷȻߵں˵
ڲŸոãΪ̫ͣԵҲȽǳۿȫк棬Ծڼ￴ˡ
ĪʼԼ״̬ǺжٶЩģϾǴ֣ƷΪ֮ǰҪһ顣
Ĵ֣նһأܹƽɹģʵֻ
еĵⲻˣҲͬ㣬ǣĪӵʱۼ֤ĪһԼʦԲᱻ


ʮ նɷ
һʱ䣬ĪӽԼڵѵ״̬û֣ó˵Ųæжһ֮Īص롣
ĪӾԼԴѵ״̬ڵӯ̬ƽͣ״̬£ĪӺԥľ˷֡
վԶǺڣоĪϵϢһȻ䱬һǿѹȸУͬʱеͷһ
ţĪͷϷպȻһƬڣƬ֮УںǸܵһֲִһľΣѹ˵ͷ
ԹԣǷ֣ûн٣оô£ƬڵգСߵ˵
ĿضƬڵգвû˿η֮ɫǴһĨĪĹʡ
ʱΧͻȻһ磬ΧͬʱӿĪվλãΧĲľȫҲձøѹˡ
ĪͷգܹĸоʱԼǱһεˣٵһйȫٵԼϣԼûжܵء
ĪĿע£һɷϢȻ£ĵһֽˡ
磡ܵɷϢĪϳԼֵĵһ磬Ȼǿ硣
ûκԥľԪĪӵͷһĪεػ
һ£ûЩ֮У˿ûƿһķεĵ
ĪΧأ񵱳һʱùĶ󣬱һ磬ϻһݺύĺۼ
һ˿δκεĪӣţһɫķ磬ĪӵͷϷ£һɳϢͷ·ŵҽΧĿ˲¡
ɺɫķ䵽ĪΧһϣ̻һ棬ȻػĪӵȼˡ
ںǵĽǶ˿̵ĪӣȫһŻ֮УΧĵ棬Ҳͬ˻𺣣ܵĻͷ·𽫴صȼһ㣬ôԶҲܹеһ
ûе˵ģһ̣һƬ֮УһɫĹâɢΧȼյĻ棬̱ɢˣĪӵӰٴγ˵ǰȫ
ɫķ֮󣬴սµĵ磬һڵķ磬һɺġءͷ·ڤһ㡣
ڷ罵٣ĪͻȻһָоԼӦ赲֣ƺǶԼĶ
ͷոճ֣ڵķѾٵĪӵϣֱӴľԪķĪӵϡ
Ӵɺڷ磬ĪͻȻĴ˸սоһ䣬壬ϵġ
ɺڷ֮£ĪӸоԼ·𲻴һȫ¶ɺڷ֮£ϱɺڷ紵ţ
ڸеͬʱĪӸоԼҲƺ֮£ڷĳɱ䣬ǿѹʹԪ«ĳ嶯ƾɺڷ紵
ڷʧ֮󣬵ĵû˿ϱ㽵ˣһɫķ磬ƺ̺һɲͷ·һ֮磬֮ĪӣȴܹǱصΣգҲ˿⣬תͷľԪâøˡ
ɫķ£Īɫ紵ţʼɢֻĪӵĲ£ԴԴϵɢɢٶȱһԵƽ⡣
ĪӵΧԭѾݲеòӵأ˿̸ȫʧȥˮ֣һƬɳɳɫǳİ˵ĸоǳʧȥһƬȥء
ںע⵽ԶЩЩɽϣղûбһЩֲ˿ѸٵĿή·һ˲䱻һ㡣
ʦܣһЩһĻ̴ߵڣּһЩ
ڸоȴܹĸоûнӴЩɫķ磬ԼڵҲһֻٶš
ٴĪӣЩɫķȫ壬ɫķܹ˵вȴղżη֡
˵ĵ֣ŵֽ٣֣Īڸеѹ
ͬһɺɫķ֣֮ǰǹɺڷ粻֮ͬеķ磬ʴǺڷ磬һɱǳֲķ硣
ڷ䵽ͷĪӺԥıʹСͨͬʱīȳУһ㣬һȵĶ
ʴǺڷƿһ϶ֱܿΧʴǺڷĥĪΧĵ棬ԭһƬɳ˿ֱϸСĻƮ衣
ĪһٿԼΧˮľεĽʴǺڷ絲ԼΧ֮⣬ȻĽգûãʴǺڷ㽥ʧˡ
ĵ֣û֮ǰһ̱㽵һ£Ž
ĪӸоͷһƬУȻһŤֻûн䣬Ťͷ·ҪԼ˺һ㡣
һ磬дһŤ֮£ƺ̺ű֮
վԶںǣʱҲоһ屻ĸоֻٴȥ
Ī˫΢΢һУеīҫ۵⣬âƺһ㣬һϢĸо
ͷֵĪСͨķΧͬʱĪеīȱݺݵ˦ա
䣡
һ쳹صľ޴𣬰һƬʵ⣬ûн䵽Īϵĵ֣ӲıĪһɢˡ
īȴ£»صĪӵУͷһƬڵУٴһ֡
һԵںǶܹĸоĪͷһƬڵգ·ڻ½һ㣬ѳһڵķţĪͷ䡣
ĪӼʱֻԵһֻĪԵĵߵ
ڵķ£Ǻ˴˿ǰһƬڣֻܹоΧĴغݺݵһ£ǰٴαùʱ򣬱㿴ĪԭվƬأ߶˼ʮף·Ѿһӡ
ĪӴ˿վڿУϵ΢Щңȴûܵκε˺
ղŵߵ֣ԵĵھŵֻҪǿһЩ֣ĪӵʵҲЩأ֪֣ǿ󵽺εȳ̶ȣ
ʱĪӶֵĶѾ˲˷ųʶһξڹۿ
ȻĪӶֵʱ䲻ͬЩʱҲͬЩֻ˸ղŵߵֵľ󣬿ɼˣҲˡ
ڶʿĹע£ڰ˵ֽˡ˵ƺ̫׼ȷ
ĪͷϷһöɢźڹڷۣû½䣬ǷһĪϷĪиеһֲִ
ΪǿĪӸоԼڶЩȶסΣڱ
ĪΧһɽʱƺЩֲסֱյԤס
龰ĪӺԥԼǰõ󷨣Ϊٲ󷨣ȵ⼸ɽҲ͸ˡ
󷨱һΧɽɽ𣬹â֯һ𣬽ö۵ĪסΡ
˿ĪӵΧЩԭ̽ʶڶѾջȥˣΪеǹЩۿʶܵӰ죬ҲǸںǣĸԶˡ
󷨵ĸ£ڰ˵ֲûܹȫչԼܣôĪӿˡ
ΧʧöȴûʧǾ£һ㵭ɫƣʼݻ
ۿھŵּ٣ĪѾܹܵһɿֲͷۡ
һ䣬Ԫ«ĪӵͷˮкĪӵߣٵתš
ĪͷöۣƺѾ㹻ʼٵ½䡣
ط·һʧΧüžûһ˿Ҳˡ
Զںǣֻܿڵķѹ£ͬʱһ׳ˮȻ𣬺õö۳ȥ
ײһûз˿һƬâȴɢأ֮󣬷·Ǵĳĺ¡Ŵ˵ĶС
еĹâþûϨ𣬵Լ֮䣬Ǻ˶һӰ⣬Ƭâ롣


ʮ л
ɹˣ
ĪλĴս£ͷһƬգ»ָ˹
Եķ֣𵱳ķ֣Ҫǿܶ࣬Ǵӵߵ֮󣬻һĴڵĸ֣ºѿ
ȻڵĲ٣Ī䵽֮ȴ̴ָĵһ飬Ǿʹ÷ֶ֮ҪٵĻӳ١
ĪѾܹо֮УԼٲٹһҪɻˡ
ĪӲ£ֽ֮䣬ǱԼĻᣬĪȴܷŹ
ǿʵһͣԶһһεĻ۳ģĻᣬһɢ޺Сŵʿûա
ڵٴתĪӡͬʱٱ任ӡշֶطʼʩ
ĪӸоԼڵԪҪԼˣһ̶һЩġ
Щĵͷ·һϣ֮еĻʱĸֻּٵĸо̾ͱ䵭ˡ
ǣʹɵϣĪԼȻѲݣܹܵǵϣֶȴ޷
ֲ÷ֵֶطУר֮Ī뵽ͬʱĪӵͻȻ⿪һɻǾǵ½ףѾǶɹ˷硢ֵĸˣΪʲô֮£ҲΪû֮
ѹȥĪ³һĿΧΪԼɷ֣ݲеĿȫǵأĪҲ֪˵Щʲôá
ԭһƬأѾһӣӶУδܳһʱ䣬¶ݲκεˡ
Ī뿪˿ӶУԶԼǺˣǺЦͷ˵֮ǰһ˵߰ɣȻ÷֮˵
һ䣬ĪӾ;Ǻˣһ⣬ɽȥ
Īǰ뿪ûжãžʶڷĪӾȻ뿪ԭ֮Щʶܿջˡ
ϲʦɹ֣ոջصɽûн÷ۣǺĪӹϲ
Ī΢Цŵ˵ͷǰû˵ʲôǫĻǳĵĽӵĹϲ
ϲʦɹ֣ɽʱҲͬĪӹϲ
ȻΪߣѧʱ䣬ΪĪӶ֣Ӧ˽֪ʶǰڸˣҲֶ˵ζʲô
úպҲôһ죡Īͷ˵
÷УĪȥָĵȻ÷£ڱЦĴǰʵ
ʦ˼Ѿɹ˷֣Ǻ֣ʲôʱɣ
ڣĪ룬ҲеߣȻſڶǽ͵Ϊʦӻʳеõ˷ֵֶطеһЩϣöǽһ£Ҳи˽⣬պ˶ֵʱҲ֪ѡ񡣡
˵꣬ĪӾͽֶطĺôǺ˽˽
ĪӵĽ˵϶¶һĨȻ֮ɫֱӿڵҾ˵ʦʵһԶȹֶ˼˵׾٣Ҫֿɣԭм仹ĺôԹԵģŵ̰
˵֮ͻȻЦЦЩúС˵÷ݵ̣
ĪƳһڣûһˣһССĶȤζ
ʵеʱЩĺϲãжûеĻϣӶһԽУģͬʵ
Īȴ֪ĵʵֻԼһЩҪӦķˡ
ĪӶɹֵĵ죬ɹֵϢݵķΧڴˣͬʱҲ˵һλ˵á
ŵĵһˣҲĪӵھӣй۵ԪڣĪӾ֪ĿģһΪ˷ֶط顣
ԪڵΪ֮ѻһξ룬ʱ䲢̫ҲǰĹɡ
˵ĹҲ̫ǶѾ˼Ԫ
˵һ˶ʱУȡĳȣһĺӾһʱΪ֮һһʮˣһʱȽ϶ݣΪʮ֮һ
˼Ԫʱ䣬˵ҲȽϽȣңԶҲӦ׼ˡ
ĪӦ֪ҵ⣬֪ܷи㣬ҪʲôֻۣҪ漰й۴иƶᾡ㣡÷£ԪĪӣǳе˵
ֵֶطеĶֵֶУɹߵһ֣ҲǴһ֡
ിֶҪַϧֵֶطЩУ˻СյģҪôЩȫҪôضһӵġ
ԪȷĪһķֵֶطĪӵõط;ҲԲµ
ԪĪޱҡҡͷȻشԪӦܹµзֶطҲӦ֪طʵڲ⴫ҪʵֱӿԴȡ
Ԫԣ̾һ֮ˣ򲻵ѣжԸ˲ǲҾͶӻʳõֶطҲô׵顣
Ԫ˵꣬Īһα˳Ĭû˵
ĪӵӣԪվĪһ񣬡ٴιϲĪѶɹ֣մĪˣǣ
Ԫ֮ͬһУĪֽӴһλĸ֣λֲݣǴһλ֣֮ǰĪӴν˴
ԷĿģԪһҲΪ˷ֶطȻҲԪһʧ顣
֮ʱУĪһӴλ֣лĪӹϵܺõء
ĪοǣضԷֵֶطûرĿأҪϲһĪӡ
ȻҲ˷ֶط£ȴΪԼΪʦ㣬Ī˵ԭί֮Ҳû⡣
ʱ֮ΧĴ֣ȫĪӾܾһ飬ûΧĴٵˡ
ʱУĪӶɹֵϢҲһЩȽԶĵطһЩĪӲʶĴҲãĪӷʤ
գĪӺӴЩ֣¶ԷﲻĿģǱ˴ʶһ£ཻһ֮Ҳһ¡
ڸոնɹ֣ڵһɱ䣬ӵĿռ䣬ץʱԼʱôʱӴЩϵŵˡ
ڣĪӽӴһֱ֮Ӵ˻ɽ󷨣ʼл͡
ѹƵʱԽԵֽͬҲԽԽʱ䲢һֱܹѹƵģܹѹƶ೤ʱ䣬ĪЩ˵ȴץʱ䣬Ϊ


ʮ ֺı仯
ɽлͣȻһЩıȽĴ΢ЩʧҲֻܴظˡ
ɽŲĪӵ̬ȾѾǳȷˣûбҪžǵ˼Ҳ졣
˵õǿӲֶ֮ģû˶߱ĪӵʵѾˣֶɹ˷֣ʵڴ治һܹԸ˵ġ
÷УûЩŵĴֵɧţĪӾͿʼԼΪͬʱɹ֮ԼϵһЩ仯
֣һؿͬҲһĥ֣ɱΪԪɱΪ
Īֻɹеķ֣͸оһЩɱļǿȱøǿˣĪϣܹԵĸо
ǿԼʼɱ֮⣬ʱûзεĶ
ڵ仯ֻ̫ԭĻϣøӴˣͬʱˡ
ڱſʼ֮ĪӺܿ͸оΪٴֻٶҲٶȣһʱ䣬Ҳǳޡ
һЩʱڣΪ֮Ī
ǺϲΪҲԲųվҪΪֻǸѡ
Ƚ⣬ĪҪסʱ䣬ڶʱԼΪҲֻܽˡ
һʱ䣬Īÿĵص㣬ᵽɽͤͬʱ÷ʣµ÷ȫ˹׼Լе
ĩһ̫ոµһ̣ɽɽϣһɫĹ𣬵һ߶֮ѿǳ֮·䡣
ӰУͨգЩɢޣڵȴһ̣ԡǳ֮УӰضʱ
һǳ֮ɢе˶˫ۣΧҲ»ָ֡
ףôоεǳ֮ԡʱƺǰһ㣿һɢЩɻĶԵ˵
ǰǰʱһ㣬Ӧ÷۵ûסɣԵһɢԣ΢룬ֵȷԷ˵ƺԡǳ֮ʱһ㣬Ҳû̫⣬ڱ˵
ܰɣղŷǸɢԣͬû̫⣬ʱֻǶһ㣬˵÷ͨӿƣ΢ЩҲ˵ʲô˵¡
ɽɽĪͤУͷһǳ֮ϣĪӽ
ʱ֮Ī˫ۣĪ΢΢¶һ˿Ц⡣
ԴʱıԺٶȱˣȣĪӸоԼܹӺһʱ䡣
ĵ÷÷ƣûôֵ࣬һ÷ûģҪĪʱԪ«еĸˮмֶԼҲаȻҲʹʹˡ
ӰصЩɢޣѾǳ֮һЩ˰ɣվĪĿɽ£
ʱķѵǳ֮Ƚ϶࣬ÿһǳ֮ԡֻ΢һЩˣһʱ䣬Ҫ
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÷ֻªķݣһ仹ʣһĪӵķ䣬һ䣬ԭںǵģʱˡ
ǺڣĪڿ֮ǰɽϽļԺ䣬˸ѡһΪɽס
Ȼ˵Ǻ˸ס÷УΪҲȷӵԼԺˣΪܲܺطɣ
߹ûãǱҲ˹ͬʱҲ˷š
˶ˣĪӱе򣬿ʼżһΡ
ȵν֮ԼȥһԸϰղѧݣǺˣ׼ĪӴУ˶׼ȥˡ
ĪӿˣɫƽĿڵҲãΪʦɻ֣Ҫʱ䣬ǼҲã֮ǵûһ˾ͺˡ
ʦʱ᲻Щ̫ˣҾһʱͲˣһ㿴˼Ҷɹ֣ɾԪأĪӵĻһƤЦı飬Ī˵
İɣΪʦдģĪӿڣֱԷ¶飬ʵڵԼ
֮УҪ˵ĪаնȹģǾҪˡ
ӵ鱦Ԫ«ȶͬʱǹˮͨĪʵĪӶڻ֣žԵĶɹ
ĪãֵĻ棬һܹסǹˮ
Īô˵ҲоĪӶģûмȰ衣
ͬʱɽˣķȴͬҪȥǰѣҪ콭һ·ߡ
ߺɽϾʣĪӺˣƽ֮࣬ĪӾǽ̵
ĪΪٶȷǳƽȣÿĩһԡǳ֮ʱ£ѾӰص˲ˣȻв֪ԭ򣬵Ҳûκһ˸ҵɽѯʡ
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ЩΪĪӶɹʱˣڽǳ֮ˣ˾ɽ󷨿ܳһ⣬Īڽǳ֮ӦһεĻ֡
Щ²֮⣬Ϊĵһ⣬Īʲôʱɻ֣ܷƽȹ֣ɾԪɡ
ϣݱصʿЩɢҪԡ
ƬϣѾܾûеԪɸˣһָ֣ҶǳڴĪܹɾԪɡ
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ʱȵĻ⣬ǹĪӵˣͨգҲš
ߵļλԱԣһۣȻͷЦ˵˼䣬ûзκԼĿ
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Ӹ֮󣬳˸տʼĪһ֮⣬֮һֱûмĪˡ
ƽżҲעĪӵϢԷʱɽޣɽĴȽ٣ԼȫûзҲȥĪӡ
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Īĵݲֻ࣬ʮ仰ڶУȴܹ̺ܵĴȻЩ͸Ⲣ
Īûע⵽ķģ˿һûµΣһ⼸ǰĵ
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ǰǸʱЩ֮Ķϲ֮⣬ͨǺоǣĪʱӦùൽ֮ͨС
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ĪӶɹֱſ޵ʱ䣬ԼǵõЩӣ֮࣬óϸĴĦоջ
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ĪӵĹƣǿн٣ٵʮʱ䣬Ҳûдôá
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ĪӺרУʱһĹȥҪ˻ƻ֮ʣͤеĪӲ˫ۣպÿһֿҪɽĺա
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÷֪ĪڵҲĪӵģϾĪӵʦԼĵӻţ÷Щȥ
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÷һ䣬ĪҲ˲Ĭ𰸣Щˣ


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ʦʱ䣬ɷ÷СסĪȡ÷ƣֻƱУһݸ÷˵
ʱ÷۵÷ƶϣΪе֮һղŹź÷˵ˣóТ÷
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ʱֹһɫ΢ӷ߳÷ЩϲĶ÷һ񣬹Ľһʦ棡
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Щ֮⣬뼸ɽԶλã£һɢޣҲ۰Ͱ͵ĳߡ
ϴβһһĪӶ֣ϢνǴ÷зЩɢȻҲ֪ˣӰرȽϽģ߱ӰصģȻⲻҪ֣һЩӰصİգҲԶԶĳţͬ뿴֡
ĪӴ˿Ǹ֮У״̬Ѿڵѣʱ׼ˡ
ʼɣһĪȻ˫̧𣬰շֶطеļأʼԼĻ֡
˫ӡ任֮䣬ĪϵϢĿʼһӴѹȸдĪӵɢΧӿ
ЩĪĴȸеѹģͬΪ磬ĪͷųѹҲеľʵȫĪġ
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ֿʼˣϣĪܹƽȹվɽ۵ļλĸѾܵĪϵı仯ͳվһĽЩصĿ˵
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˿̵ĪӣѾȼ˻棬һһİθߣΧ¶Ҳڷٵߡ
ĪڸоԼ˷·ȼˣһɻѸٵĵȼԼҪѹȣȴ·ǻϽͣҲȼˡ
ȼߣĵطƺһӿˣĪӵÿһÿһѪ⣬ÿһȫͺ񱻵ȼһ㣬˴ﵽ⣬ȫȼա
ָоǳʹ࣬Īӵʱ˻Ҫʹࡣ
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ĪӴ˿̽Լʶ뵽ͼڣͼеޱˮ򣬳ܻʶ֮еľѳ
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ͬһʱ䣬ĪϵĻƣһ˲㿪ʼǣͷ·緢Ļɽһ㣬һ׳Ļֱ׵ĸ߿ա
Χλĸ֣ͻȻĻҲɵ΢΢˰벽ĿһĨ֮ɫ
˾ǻǣѾʧܣȻʬ޴ˣڶԻֵĪӣƺȶסƣ׼Ķֶλûжá
ʶеĹͼڣĪӻɵǿòȼܴ𣬻ڲϵӣ˴ĸϵ֮£ǹԴԴϵ֮ʪˮŽӵĻס
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󷨱Ļ̱ѹһЩû˼ƣɷǳĺˡ
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˵дֵ֣Ȼֲ˳̶ȣһЩԲѵɢޣһһĨӰ
ʶеĹͼڣǿűȼĲڻȼ֮£ڻбյޱˮˮϡ
ΪƬ֮Ψһ飬ĵ£˲Ƭصı仯ͷǳѸٵͷ·ںôֻΪ
ǳۼһкȻһε㣬ǾӨ͸ٺͱһεɫ㡣
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ĪӸоԼһ٣ľͷ»ȱӪһֻ磬ٳһСգֱһôȻָֻһòľҳ֮ǰǿš
ĶԼոµɣǳƺ˹ϵĹʵĶ䣬һɫǹˮ˹ͼķΧĪӵɢ
ǹˮһĪԭȼŵĻ棬һѸ֮Ҳ֮ȴȡ֮һǰδеɺͨ͸֮С
磬ֿǻ͵Ļ񵱳ʧʱ˲ɢһۣжһЩϲš
ǣֳɹˣ


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֮еĹ˻ûɢȥֱʵĻ˿ȴѾʧӰˡ
λĸֶĿͶǸӶУð̵ĿӶ¶ڴ֮ɫ
ųʶ̽뵽Ӷ֮У̾ͷ˿ӶǵȶӰ
ȻĪӴ˿û˫ۣܹö˶˵֪ĪѾɹɹ˻֡
ڿӶеĪ˫ۣĵһ˫ӡٴʩչֶطٵѹȥ
ĪӻվĵԪԼˣʣ޼ûصĿ֮Уһֻͨ͸ʾǦ֮С
ĿɨһΧĵ棬ȫǱ۵ʯĪӸоԼ·ɽ֮УΧҽ
һĪӽɢһ⣬âΧɢҽĵ棬¶˲ָȴֻ¶ȴ֮󣬵ϵض˻ҺɫģһĽÿ
ĪҲûЩȹЩ꣬ԼҪ֣ʱƬػҪһδݲУȵ֮ԼǿԻָһƬص
һĪӻһ⣬ɳ˿Ӷڣ˵ǰ
ĪɹɹˣĪӳֵһ˲䣬վڸԶЩɢ޺͸ֵˣһ˲ǰһü
ղǿĻ֣һЩӰĪȴĻ֮ƽȹôҳΪĪӸ֮⣬жһ˿ҡ
ôǿĻ֣˶ƽɹгһܹ﴿磬˵ҲܹƽȹЩ롣
ϲĪѣƽȹ֣λּĪӳ̶Īӹϲ
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ô˵ĪͻȻע⵽Լոնɹ֣ͷüëչˣڳ˶Ǵĸ֣ûЩ⣬ĪԼҲһʱˡ
תʣĪӱùͺͺͷٵµͷյüëҲָˡ
Īһһ³ͷһ߶˿ڵλ£ҵȲ÷Σ
Īӵ룬λĸȻʲôոտĪӶɹ֣˵жһЩ򣬴Ҳϣཻһ£ΪԼԺһЩʡ
ĪӺһȺĸ֣Լڡǵ˻صɽԭԶֵˣʱһΧ˹ĪӸղŶ֮ϸĦ
˵ǰһƬƽأΪĪ֣ôһӣ֮ǰĪֺ֮ʱ䶼Ǵݲֲ֣̫ˣһЩӰʱȽϳɢ޿ǰĴӣһ̾ţһС˵
ĪʵǿܿùôĻ֣ΪЩŵĵҲȲϣ÷ۿ֮棡Աɢ޵ͷͬڳš
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ľ޴Īӵı仯Ӿ޴
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ͷ·ߣһµգѾ˾Ĵһ㣬óͨ͸һʵĸı䡣
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ĪڵҲõ˾޴ɱ䣬ɹ˻֮øӴ֮ǰĪΪ˿ٵΪһЩ΢Ӱ죬һ֣ȫЩӰˡ
øӴҲͬʱø鶯ǿˣĪӿԸо֮Уƺһֵ⣬ԴԵ򣬾ɱ֮ı仯Ҳŷɱı־
ĪӶɹֺԭһ컨ȻȻ´ˣĪӵΪӵǵĿռ䡣
֮ǰ΢Ӱ죬ڶɻʱϵı޳ˣĪһ£ǾЩŵߣ֮ο϶ʱУҲѸٵΪġ
Ȼͨɹÿһֽٶɱ䣬ӰûӶ޶ȵ֮Լ


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Īӱչؼ֮Ϥı仯̳ˡ
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Īӳ֮ںĪӴкǼλѴҴ뿪÷ۣ̤ĵ·λ֮ǰҵһԵΪĴĪӶ֣Žʱˡ
ĪѾƽȹ˻ֲ֣Ҫȸ꣬͸æȥԼĻԵˡ
Ȼ뿪ˣȴûмߡ
ЩһֱӣûоʦΣ׼ͣһʱ䣬һҪһԼʦΣҲһԼĸ
Щ콭򲻶ϵߣջǳķḻ˶ˮ֮Ҳʱʱ̶ܹ̿ܵһĴҲǳа
ȻĪʦĿûм뿪ӦûеԭǾǶɽǸŮޡ
Īû뵽磬ȻҲŮޣ¸ҵı˶ǵһż
ʵ˵ĪǾŮ޺ܲӦЩϲˣ뵽ľĪӾλŮ޿ºѵóԸܹóԸҲǳࡣ
һν֮Ī÷£óһͨƽɫӵݸв¶һ˿Ц⡣
ΪʦʱãѵõıģͽˣΪʦᴫīȵļ֮ǽлƽɫӵõУȻ˵
īȵļ֮ĪһֱûдڸһΪΪ̫ͣʱʱһ棬ĪҲϣʦɡ
ĪеīѾ۲ѾãԼҲܹˣɸеǳĸˣн߬Žصص˵ͷ
ĪӲ֪ܹԼȣⷽ츳ӦûǺһЩɡ
ǿʼīȵļ֮ĪӻվɽͤȥʼԼ
УǿģˣĪҲҽӵ̫ã뾡콫ԼΪֵֹԽԽǿ
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ףӦһͬʱȴ
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ûлôģڶ˵֮תɽķȥһͿɽĪӡ
ǲû̴Īӣֻǰվȴţ˴ԼһʱңĪͷֵǳ֮ʧȻ󻺻˫ۣĿ⿴ǡ
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֮ȻǺ컯뿪֮ĪӿɽȥıӰһ䡣
ղȥ̽ߣǵߵȷ˵»˻һţ˲һأ֮УĪȴһЩµĶ
ĪӳȥӴһЩµĶȻʶͷ·һ֮У򽭸ӹӵ׳ۡ
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ЩĪӲ²⣬Ӧ콭λ콭ˮˡ
ûֻһݵĸܹǸˮ֮ƺ˸á
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ʱֹܿһ£÷£Īӿһīȵ΢΢˵ͷ
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ȵԼȣǾʹٴĪӶֻһʱ䣬콭򣬼ǰһΡ
ĪȴһЩԼ̫ĵ飬ǹĪ¡
뵱ĪԼ֮ڣʱѾˣĪӵõϢĪƺȫûҪ˼Ѫҹ൱ġ
ۿԼλܵܣƺԼһףĪӶ£Щġ


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Īǰһ仰ܡĪϣȻرǡҲܱһЩ˼
ʱһֺĶܹϢĸıܶණʱ䣬Ī˵·ϿһսĪ˵γһ󲽡
رӵĶĪһΪĪãնԷ᲻飬ͲĪܹƵ˵ˡ
ۿѾˣĪδ˶ٳδ飬δӵĸףѾͨʳӡ취ϵĪӣϣĪ߿취뿴δ
ԷϢҲЩԹ˼ϾޣĪģ޵ˣ˳ٳδ飬˻ȴӻΪð£ǱѾʼˣھֳӡ
λ׼ҵԹĪҲЩգҲЩģΪĪֳŮЩԹԼֻš
Ī֣ĪһˣúúĪཻһ£֪Եĺ
ڶɹ֣ĪĿǰҪ£ֻܸǱ߻˸Ϣ˵ԼڵұԼɹ֮󣬻ȥһѪҹأúõʰһĪࡣ
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ĪҷŵһԣĪ½ŵϡ
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·λԱԣһȻȫ뿪ˡ
ȵλԱ뿪֮ߵ˷Ըһ
׼һݰհȥӰɽݷã
ԵԣһĨ֮ɫԼλӵ£ԴӸ֮󣬳˸տʼĪӴһν֮ͿĪӣû뵽뿪ˣȴͻȻҪǰȥݷá
Щ죬ӦһȻȥ׼ˡ
ԵĲ豭һڣȻվߵ棬ԼѾס˼ӸãͻȻоЩᡣ
Ӹ⼸꣬ӸտʼĽС΢׵ĽɫӸоԼЩֵеһЩտƣæµ֮нĵҲһ顣
뵽ԼǰΣͻȻָеЩķ΢΢תͷĿݵķһв̫ļӿֳüͷҲ˲
˺ð֮ջĿ⣬ٴζеĲ豭һڣڸоһɬ
ˮѾˣζȻҲ֮ǰҲûвʵĳ̶ȣ֮Ըо˿ɬҪ˼Щˣͬʱ뵽ǰЩ̫ļ䡣
ת߻طڣ豭ŵϣһȻа
ϣȥӰɽĪӺܹһ׼ȷĴ𰸣
ţȴǸеìˣΪҲ֪ԼڴһĴ𰸡


ٰʮ ǰݷ
ľΪԴԲڲľ÷УĪӽ˽Ľ̵
ϵڿΣĪҪڴԼľĵãҲȿʼе
ոһ䣬ĪͻȻתͷĿɽ£ô磬Ȼã˻һϡ͡
عͷĪӶߵԸпãȥ׼ˮ
ԣ˵ͷȻ߽ȥ׼ˮ
ɽ£ϸɽ˵ɽĴҲҪݷĪӣɳǷݹǣʼûиж񼴽뿪ˣڿ
һʾһԼߵǰϰ
ߵһλʿǰһָڿпٵĻдһʫģʫĻһỤ̋סеİƯȥ
÷еĪһɽֿһ϶һƮ˽Ƿ͵С
ĪӴеİһۣ󷨣һͨ˵ţڣ
ĪӵǳᣬȴĴɽ¼˵ĶУ̴ߵɽ
һվ÷ſڵĪӣͿɽļˣǰǾŻ
յãĪлĸģϾԷӸЩ꣬˸Ǵ֮⣬֮ԼûдκεĽ
ȻĪӵǾʶ̽鵽Է
Żӵ£ߵ÷ǰʱĪһڴ˸к
ĪòˣǰĪӣͼǰԼһμĪȣԷΪøǿˣϵҲӵĳ
򵥵ĴкĪӾͽӭ÷ۣ׼õĲˮ
ĪЩСˣһҽ̸ʱ˵ã÷۰ݷãҪó÷дҵġ豭һڣȻ¶Ц˵
ˣĪԣͬҲЦóһ÷ƣһơ
ǰ÷Ʒһڣǰ΢΢һڿ޵ڸоѣζƳҹЧǿѵһƷƣԳƵǼ𣡡
һȽ϶ܵˣرڿڸ֮һ飬һӶԷոӸ߾ʹһʳҵӾͿԿǣλҲûзԼʳ׷
Ʒ÷ƣܻû˵ԼĿģȴоѾˣΪͶԼҪõĴЩìܡ
Īɽ羰⼸λĻŶϲ÷羰֮ˣ֪Īɷ˴ȥιһ£˵дһЩѾ䣡÷֮ͻȻһһͬļˣĪ˵
ԾҪ֧ߵˣҪĪ̸һЩ㱻Ļ
Īԣĵ˵ͷһԵЩɽĴһ¡
ȵֻʣĪӺˣĪӣĿڵҪǰְ֮ǰһѯ֪Īɷʵһ𰸣
κݣĪĻʱ쵽Ͳеôˣԭ׼ˣԲصһԼ
кѯĪӿڷʵ
ĪǲλʵܵˣǵĻҪʲôעĪӵ˫ۣȻͳֳȵʵ
Ҽǵõ¼ǰʹһΣҸµĴҲᷢı䣡ĪӷǳϿҵĻش
ǾĪٻشһ£Ϊ⼸Īᾭʶ۲ңĪλʵܵˣĪǺͼĪӵĻشٴηʵ
߲û˲ţҲûбЩĪʶĹעżܹģΪĪҲû̫Ρ
⣬ĪӲû̻ش𣬵͸Ƿŵı⣬ǲ֪¡
ĪӳĬΪԼץĪӵ΢θһ֣øӾԵ˵ĪӦøңλʵܣҪʲôԼֳʲô£
˵仰һԵѹԣԵЩ飬֮£ͻӵҪΣͬʱҲױ¶һЩϸ⡣
ȻЩʧǣĪӣȴû¶ڴеķӦ仰֮󣬿ʼͷ˼״ƺĳЩ⡣
Īڵȷ˼⣬ֻ˵ûκεӰ죬͸¶һЩϢȴĪЩ
ͽŵӸְҰԼչˣһЩҪ˼һʼЩŹ֣ĪȻͽӴ࣬δ򽻵Ҳ˽⡣
һ͵ԼȨúأˣһ˻ʣȨ棬ǱȽ˽ġ
ĪӲΪͻʲôֳ飬еǷϻԨʼȴôһ㲻̫ơ
ĵ˵ĻĪҲЩ϶֮ǰԼжµһ²⡣
˻ͣһµ˻ʣ
ڻǳᣬ˵һٶʱ䣬飬£࣬һԼоˡ
κݣһںٽпܾǽǸλˡ
ĪĪӾþõûлشԼЩ̲סһ䡣
һ֮Ī̧ͷĿֱŶɫƽĿڵǸղ뵽Щ飡
˵ͷûĪӵĻʵĪڿԸҸ˰ɣ
ҪĴ𸴣»㣬ҶԵԣһʼû˵ѣ಻ţǾǵԼˣ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ҫٴο˵ʲôĪȴͻȻ˾Ʊڵ
´ȥݣؽΪڴˣⱭ÷Ϊ¼ˣԤףһ·ƽ
仰һüͷĸˣ˼Ȼ׼ͿˣȫԼȥĻᡣ
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һ˵꣬ɽȥղűȥιɽЩˣûüιۼͿɽȥǸæϣһͬ뿪ɽ
Īӿ뿪ˣȻתͷĿݵķ
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˻ʱ£ĿǰûУӸεĸһ鷳·ϵһ£ƻмܵӸӰ첻һ֮ڵ߸æش
ţ΢΢˵ͷ˳ִһ¡
⣬ӵرŻӵ½ȥӰɽ֪λĪ˵ʲô߽һϢ
Ͷ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼе¡
鲻ᣬŵŻ־ˣ
ԣͷӦһת˳ȥ
ȵ뿪̧֮ͷ濴һۣĿ֮ƣʹ࣡


ٰʮ ׷
ھŵ÷УĪڵԪ«¶һĨЦ⡣
Դɹ֮󣬾һֱûй˵ϼΪԪ«еݻҲԵİھŵڵԲԪ«ٴӡ
ڶ֮ǰԪ«ܹٴӣǶĪʵһҲаȥӦ֡
еԪ«ĪӷųʶһɨʶܼķΧڣѾҲҲӰˣˣ͵ǷŵĪӻˣİΣͺ޹ˡ
֮ǰεĸѾӸһλȳصϳӺݵӸҲ꣬ûĻλεĸһֱӸλϴˣޡ
ԷӸ֮źĪӼһ棬Ǵкʶһ£һ֮ڣ˵ʲôطܹõϡ
֮ǰ뿪ģߵĲҲûкͶ˸ֻǴЩ£һȻ뿪ˣѾ뿪ݵķΧ
ˣЩճӸĹԱְλµĸĸϣǳƽȵ˽ӣмֻһˣԵįһЩǾǺĪᡣ
Ӽ˶Ӹʱûѡα𴦣ĽΪҲҪӸ
εĸΣоԼĴˣȲα𴦣Ҳ˰ۣǱѡˣȵĹԼСӡ
Ѿˣϵģ̬ϵģٹһЩ꣬ҲҪ뷷ʱˡ
εĸʱĪҲһ棬ݿӲһЩ㲻ҲмȻĪӽ̸ʱ򣬻ᵽպҪӰСסʱĶĪӡ
뵽ʱᣬĪб㰵̾һȻ󻺻վɽɽȥ׼ʼ
ոߵɽɽĪӻûнͤУŲȴͻȻһ٣Ŀ΢΢һ࣬Զͬʱüͷ΢ɲһ¡
ղŸоڵı֮ﱻһʹΣա
ԭվƬ̣Īûиоڶ֮ﱻһ
ںһ϶ж֮Ȼϵı֮ûٴμ˵пΣա
ڱͱȽϻ飬Сͨս߱ܶ൱ģΣܹ֮ܿҲӦõġ
ûϴΪ׷ɱϵı֮ӶıĪжӦѾΣգҲ׼ȥ
ڵĻӦûûµģΣʵľͬʱҲһνѵ⣬ҪСģаĪӱ̧·ͤУǳ֮ʼ
ݣλݲԶһݸոռһ֮ڣЩǱĴһС֮д˳һƨ˺ӱߵһʯͷϣڴϢţƽЩͬʱ૵
ԹԵģСûˣʦҵı֮ˮжοΣˣ
һţһŸղŷ¡
ΪӽһˣʱѾʹԼСͨ׼ߣû뵽ԷĹСͨٶȾȻˣϵı֮͵ڤȥˡ
뵽Ů⣬ԼܵһΣգȻеЩ¡
̫ɹĵӣֶιȻ뵽
ӶԷϵķΣʹõֶΣȻܹ֪Էݣ̫ɹĵɡ
֮Իһλ̫ɹĵͻԭΪ˻Եѡ
ԵǰһʱͷˣֻΪĪҪɻ֣ڱֻʱԵصӰء
ĪӶɹ˻֮ھܳԵˣȴû뵽Ӱصʱ䣬ȻҲҵݻԵҺɲɵģ˫Ȼײˡ
ֻһˣԷҲֻһˣȻŮ޵ΪҪ߹ȴû̫£ΪܹڶԷǰߵİա
аߣǷݻԵСȻûôװ׹˵ĵھʹ˺ô֮ͨСͨܣȴû뵽Էô졣
ԣԷӣӦûҵСͨ죬ֻڶԷʱҵٶȺˣǵԼ촦Ĺ⣬ڷһ⡣
ʱڵҲƽĲˣִӴóһƿָĵҩеһöУ׼ָĵ
֮ôżҪЩŮ޻׷ϾǷݻԵ֮еĺö󲿷ֻ䵽ԼԷһưոݡ
ƾԷղŵһΪ񾳽ڣҪԼСͨٶȿ죬ԼֻһһܣˮжǿԼ治һܹƽѡ
ֻңǼѽȥ⼸صȷϻԵľڣûиԼһжһӱ
ڿٻָڵʱͻȻһ׹ǹϢǸղŵŮޡ
Թԣô׷ˣԷ׷ڸæӡʩչˮжͶ뵽ˮУ˲ʧˡ
ǵ׹ٵڸղϢĺӰߣ¶һףЩòŮӣ΢üĿͶǰĺ档
Ůվԭ΢ԥһ£ָһ׹⣬â䵽ˮϣˮƺһԲ£ԲµΧˮб˺֣ˮеɳˮݡ㣬֪ʲôʱˮеһЩ֮չŮ޵ǰ
ҰȴҲκڵټ
Ů޿Ƭ̣ٴڿնźˮζȥ
ĪӴʱܹϳŮޣε¡
֮Īӽӵ԰ټѧõϢ¼˺йصϢԵڽڷӴܣơڱ׷ɱ
Īע⵽Ϣ֮Уơƺרעһ£ټѧҲûȷϣھǲڱ׷ɱ
ϸĶϢ֮ĪӴ˽һЩ飬ڵȷڱ׷ţѾʱˣڼ䣬һЩʶڵҪһѣ׷ڵ˸ʰˡ
ðټѧЩȷǲǱ׷ɱԭЩæʰ˵ˣȻһˣȴûһɥģƺҲһ㣬ԭѾ˽ݣ;ַ˻ȥ
Ϊ׷ŵһλŮޣʣЩҪһѵˣҲûиô£඼ѡ˹ڵЩѣʱҲ˳Ŀ֡
ûʲôΣգǾԼȥְɣټѧôϢĪٴͶ뵽Լ֮С


ٰʮ 
ݣһСӵĺӰߣڴںӰȫ˼°͹ƽĶʯôֵںӰߣڵĴŴ
ԣԵģô׷˰ɣдŴЩ϶
ڸоԼǰδеƣڵѾÿյģֻĸоޱȵܡ
ʱľھ͸оԼᣬٸһλᣬԲȥһŮˣһһΪԼߣȴôСŮˡ
õ˻ԵĴͷ˳ߣڱΪˣԺСҲ̫鷳˭֪λ̫ɹŮޣȻôǿһ·׷Լš
տʼʱʵЩĵģλŮĵҪɱԼ֮֮УͻȻ䷢֣ԷԼƺûжɱ⣬ԼЩȻԷˣ˵Ĳ̫أûκһɥġ
һͬʱжһͷҪѻЩԵ֮УҪһҲԼòĶпҲŮҪĶ͸Է
һоŵƷɱһ֮ңһĳͨ°ɫǿǿڲ֪ǼߣΪȻ߶
˵ڵΪ̫û뵽ϾȻôģƵķ֮УרһƣֱʹߵŮģλƷĳֻŮʹá
ȻԼòˣǷȻûʲôֵˣܻĳλ̫ɹŮ޽Լ׷ɱ
ĽʧģͣȴԷ׷û˵ڣӭľǶԷһٶ򣬶ʹ飬ȴûж˵Ź
ڼ䣬ƾ˵ʲôԷһŲٴ֮󣬶ԷȻܡ
ҲһĽˣԭ׼ͽģԷôһٶ֮ھûаѶͳȥͽ˼ˣǹɾƢһ¾ˡ
Ǵ򲻹ȻԷܣмŵģϢС֮ڱ㿪ʼܣһ·ֱ뿪˽ݡ
ڰϣڷֶԷȻһֱԼȻûд̻ݣĪӶʱҲϵ̫ãҪǵʱصӰأԷҲһ˹ȥ˵ŵĪӶ֡
ȻֿԲ󣬵ĪӵĹؼʱڣڲ鷳Īӵߡ
һ룬ھתص˽ݣȻһֱڡ
ʵѾˣ׷̫ɹŮޣֻǵҪһѣûʲôĹٶ
ͷһ֣ȻѸԼཱུ䣬ǲˣڵأҲٷõҩٻָٴαץסˣ޷ǰһٶһ̾͹ȥˡ
Ͻɣȥ׷ŲҪҵӾҪ˰΢΢ƫͷһ۳ھԼԶλŮޣȫû˼
¿ڣϵɫûκα仯Ųڣһֱߵߣ΢΢ͷŵϵڡ
ôˣЩ
ܲˣҪҪɱʹɣڷ·һһ˵
Ĵⲻˣʱ䣬ˮжգڸоԼܱ֮ǰ̨ףڷԼ£׷ŵıЧ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡ڵӣû˿ı飬ȴˣԼһ˿ɱ⡣
ڿóһѳѳĽһ¹һ⣬ڽϿԼڵӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ڸܵһɺ⣬һ˿֮Уһӣ͵زͷܣǰѳмıǼ˵档
ղŻһһڣ˿Ȼӵϵǹ˲ʧŽ£Щε˵
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˶ҲһɣֻҪԷ˶Ǵǽҹˡ
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ͣסŲ£ΪԷݣٴһ˿衣
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λʶʦѵʦ˼ҵľʶ˵֪ˣһݻԵѣαֵô죡ԣһ߹ϲ˵ͬʱ˵䣬̧֣һöҩ˿С
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ʦֻһʱ䣬ʱӿԸһȥֻҪʦͬ⣬޲ɡ
Ҫ뿪ȥûʲôʱԸһȻµĻԿȥæµʱұǣ
˵꣬ޱʵҪ೤ʱ䣡
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Ҫȥδ
Ҳ˵׼Ĵ߿ɣЦŻش
΢Ĭһ£ȻſڵҸһ𣡡
£ȥæţһ𰡣γƺƺµĴЩһ˵ţһ߽תӲֻ࣬û˿һĨϲɫ
̫ɹӣ£


ٰʮ ֲ
÷УĪյټѧôڵϢ֮գٴյټѧ֮صϢдڴһŮޣ뿪ݣǰˡ
ϢڸĪӣڲΣգҲǰټѧöĪӵʾá
÷۵÷ЧԽԽˣÿõҲǰһЩǸټѧõһݣĪȷʵû۹ͶұĪӽһĽ̺ãټѧöĪӶǰˡ
ĪܹԵĸоټѧôϢǰ꾡ˣرԼصϢרע͹
֪û£߻м飬ĵĴˣĪҲͲٵ⣬ĵΪ
ĪӰ֮УʱһĹȥĪܹоԼΪķܹͬоִԼѹԽԽǿ
ĪӵΪʵҪԵ֣ǷͬСɣ˷ֵֶطҪԵԽԽǿĪҲԼһ˿ȸС
ͤУĪһǳ֮ĿͤУ֮ͷµǳ֮ɢĪӻ˫ۣһ
˫۵һ̣ĪĿĵһ棬߼ɽϦѪ磬ԴӶɻ֮ǰĪһοǰ֮֮ʱѡʱȻ󾲾ĹϦɽһĻ̺֮
ĪӰĿתĿǰϦֱϦ£ΧɫĻ谵ĪŻվ
䣬ľ٣תʱ֮գ֮ʼһ÷ȥĪлڻζŸղŵĸ
÷۵ʱ򣬹пһˣһɽĲڣƷһ顣
Īӻߵ÷̧ͷͤķ򣬿ͤϿգǵǳ֮ȫǣȥȻ󾭹֮ܣɽĸرĪ÷ɫϲƵǳ֮Խˡ
ĪתڵԼĳɹ
ԲѾԽԽˣʱ׼һ£öֵˣӦԼڵĪа
֮УֵǿĪӵѹҲѾидˡ
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ǰε󷨣ĪӶζֵ󷨣뷨ϷһЩı䣬󷨵øһЩ
ʵĪԼǰζ֮󣬶ʱһЩõ󷨣ͱˡ
ĪԵֽ٣Զʤͨߣ£ܹӳЧСһЩֽ֮Уܹ
߶ڵſĪڶʱ᲼úε󷨣ӰظɢѾʼĪõ󷨣һμҪõ󷨣ϳ֮
ֽзĪżɽʱҲţû̫⣬ڳ󷨣ЩΪʱ磬ȵĪӶɹ֮һ󷨣Чܹ󷨵ơ
Ӧֵ裬ĪдУǻҪĲĪӿҪԼһ¡
տʼͽļƳ׼òɣ˳ҲԽ̵һ֮ٹһЩʱգصǱӦˣ˼֮䣬ĪӱѾԼҪˡ
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һϽɫȻˣĪһӲһˣֻǲأȻص÷֮һˮԽ
ԼϵһˣԼɹ֣ĪӸеϲ£һɾԪ׾٣Īھ;ãԼܹԪ֮
ĪȴԪɵľ磬֮ǰ˵֮󣬻һλ۵ĻᣬĪǰλ۶ˣһɵĻۻᣬȻܴ
λûʲôʱˣĪӸоʲôʱˣȻͿԿԪɾˡ
һУĪӸղ̷֮ɵĪӵУǸղīȺľԪ顣
ŵܴصĪҲһĨʹ֮ɫ
ԼõԭҪɱĲΣڿ»õһʱˡ
¼ǰѣȽѵǽ
ī΢һЩʼõǱīּ֮һϣӲ˵ȷɱǱľԪͲһˡ
ĲҪһЩڲĽƣҪںϳɱܻЩѣټܷɱΣĪӾ൱Σա
ܹɱΣտҲ統޲ݵһ㣬ûǱˡ
ķĪӶżĸЦſڵѹλѿԸɽһ𣿡
ѱϣȻҪȥѻȥΪѹһ˳ڵһЩ̸֮뿪ĵԣ΢ЦſڵλĸҲͷ
òһɹֵ׼ԪɣЩҲ׼ֵˣȻҪĪõһЩ飬պָаա
ĪӺͼλֻصɽɹɹֵϢȴʼݵķΧѸٵĴˡ
صɽ֮ĪȥָһԼĵȻʩչһˮ⣬ָ˲صƣźЩĸ̸ֽ
ʵҲûмŴĪһЩĵãǶĪӵĹأ֮⣬ɽҲ˲ٵķÿ͡
ӸεĸӰص𣬰ټѧõĸλĪӵĸĸȫ÷ۣΪĪӱʾףء
ǰԽԽıͣĪǰȥԼĸĸԼߣȻĿ⻷һȦˣŴЦݿڵ
δɹ֣Ȼôǰʵڶлλǰףˣ
Īӻһ䣬Ӹεĸ̿ڵĪɹ֣ԪӸݵһ£Īʲ飬ɾԪɣҲǵ;˳պܹΪ嶦ȻҪǰأ
λεĸ˵÷ǳֵ͵ΪߵĿĪӺڳ˲û⡣
λθ˵һϯȻмֺֿ֮ӣ˼ȴС
֮ǰںְΪȻԲһЩ߹ǰߣȻĿ˲ˮĲҾ磬ʵǿԵĸеˡ
رӸãԼϽڣͳһѹ׼ԪɣΪϣһССĹ
λθͬ˵ģӰصЩӰһֱڿҿңʵҲһЩξڳһλɹֵĸ֣ҲССһʣ˵պܹǨгһҲ֮λ
֮£ټѧõļλĪӵĹؾ͸ӴһЩˣǱͺĪӹϵеλĪӵܵõĴҵʦȻϵ׽һЩ
ĪӶɹ֣ǼǴԼҲǴİټѧãǸԵѧɣĪӱʾء
˵ĹأĪȫȻܣȻ˴˽̸һֺúдһˣ֮ʳͰټѧ뿪ˡ
ʣ¶֮ˣĪҲûʲôӣԼζɹֵĵúú˵һ¡
Ե֣ȷͬСɣÿһĪӶӦԵ÷ǳСģɼˣǵڵʱĪӻûϵǵȻԷģϵļˣҲһˡ
Լɹֵĸд˷꣬Īӿڳļ֣΢˼һ£ּһЩԼɴĵͽ顣
֮ѣǽѣͬҲǻԵףʵ㹻ߣɶȹɱ֮ʼ
Ѷɣص㲻Ϊڸ˶ԵԼǷͨ͸ᶨоͨʵԵӦɰȻ֮У֮ףʵڸˣɱ䣬Ҫ̶ȣʤ硢׶֣
ǿλҪ֣ضǿڱʵǡˣǰˣ֮£λ֣Ҫȫ׼ҩ󷨷Կ֮
֮ǰ·ͨʱԪ֮λҲڴ˾ԲͻԪɾ粻٣ʱкô
Īӵһڳˣ̫ɹӵ£ȫ÷ǳ档
򵥵ļ仰ĪڴǶֵľϣȻʲôطҲڸɻˣĪӸĽ飬ôҶġ
лָ㣡Īӻ֮󣬼ĸһĪӹһݡ
ĪӼ״Ҳæվ˻һ˵λѽҽãҲֻǵ;֮а벽һЩ齨ˣһ뵽֮ϣл͸λ۵ʱգ
Īӻһ˵꣬ĸȫ¶Ц⣬ֱӿڵǱлѼԣռΪףأҲͬףԸҵȣܶɹ֮ѣɾԪɣ֮ϣҲ۵
֮󣬼ĸ½˸뿪ĪӶɹֱʾصˣ½½ĵһЩѣȽԶģҲѶϲһʱ֮䣬ɽַǷ


پʮ Ѫҹ
ɽһֱ˰£ڼ䣬ĪյĹأЩϵȽϤ֮⣬Īйһ㽻飬òϵˣҲΪĪһףأͱ˵ھʶѡ
ĪӹϵȽϽģ˵հ׵ˣȻٲһףأĪ׼ңʯҵˣףأĪӴһϢǾĪѾУѾüˣ֮ҲѾԶˡ
ӣĪѾкüˣĪʵҲһ죬˺ӣͥԼҲܵ˾ˡ
ʯҵϢ⣬Īһλ׼׼ңҲΪĪףأⲻҪἰĪ£֮мִߴ֮⣬ϣĪӾ콫鴦׵
λ׼׼ҵԹʹߴ٣ĪӻûʲôòģѾˣͳĪ̬ȣ¾ͻˡ
ĪѾ⣬׼ҪȥһѪҹˣȥһĪൽôġ
ʱ䣬ȻĪӶɹֵϢȻôҽֵδյµĹأ׼׼ҵĴߴ٣ĪӾʹǰѪҹһˡ
ĪӻûжھѾһˡ
ʦ׼һʱҪһ㣬ȵΪͻ񾳽Ż÷УڶĪӹ˵
ĪԣһۣĿ䵽ԵµϣȻ΢΢˵ͷ
ȻˣȥɣΪʦڴͻ񾳽һ죡
仰˵꣬Īֶ¿ڵѣ֮ܵͬУܹչ㣬Ȼǲͬ·Ǳˣ
ĪˣĪӵĻֻص˵ͷûʲôرķӦĪȴע⵽Լĳƺ˸ı䡣
ӡѡƺӹˣͬҲԶˡ
һݾ£ٿڣĪЦЦû˵ʲô
ڵ˼Ȼ֪ܷԸֻʱܹˡ
̫ɹĵӣûʲôܺ˽ɵµĹأ̫ɹ˽ɵµ̫ɹӣ˫
ܷԸһпԼ˳ȻͺãսʧģҲһαľǡ
ڶĪӴк֮ںµ뿪ɽȥıӰĪоã˵飬Ҳ޳ɹĿܡ
뿪ˣĪӽִǰѪҹأɽߣֻʣǺˣλ󣬱ʾԼʱڲˡ
һֱ콭ߣĽȲһ·϶ڵҲãȻΪʱ޷ͻƣս棬ȴ˲١
ΪҲѾҪӽ꾳磬Ϊʦ׼ʱˣ̵ֱ˳ͻ꾳磬˳ҲһԼãһս
ȣҲӦڼһ£ڵѾЩˡ
ɽĪȻԷĳˣ֮ǰĪȽԼķı»ָһ£ȥͼиĸͬʱѶϢλ׼׼ǱߣƵ·ˡ
ӶֿʼĪѾкһʱû뿪ˣ־һѹȥȻ
ȻһЩȥʰĪ˼Īһ·ǰУȴһ顣
εУĪʩչһ⣬ѪҹصķȥĿһֱ·ľһЩȤĵطĪӾͻὫУ׼ʱȥ
ĪӿһֿʼͨԪɾĴžѾΪˣԪɱΪĪ˵ֻһţֻһԸԸ⡣
Īڵľ磬ǵкͺľ磬ֻͬһ磬ʵȻŸ֣֮ʵҪǿУĪʵʤ档
ʱУĪѾоȻԼĿռ䣬Ѿһֱ͸УȵԼԲʱҪǱԪɾʱ
ݳһ·ٶȲĪӵѪҹصʱȥʱ䣬Ҳֻѡ
ֻصˣ
ǰУǽӳһƬѪѪɷĪĬĬ̾һ
һʱԼһ񾳽ɢޣ½С΢ͨҹԣս飬˲ִĵУõλĪһ˲ƶ¸ˡ
ΪĪڻصӰ֮󣬲ܲúɽ󷨣֮ҲҪɢһΪԴ
ĪӵڡѪĺλһֱһݸмΪԼǷкǴԮҲĪӸоһпɽĸо
ٴѪҹأĪӲûмȥĪ࣬ȥݷһλ
ѪҹأǹϤѪɷѹȸٴν٣ΧĿ֮УϡûУѪɷӰ£ĪܹоԼڵܵӰ죬תٶȱû
ֻǰĪӸоѪɷԼӰСˣɹ֣ȻûпԪ񾳽磬ڵɱɷѾһЩԣѪɷĵֿ˲١
ĪӿѪҹǰʮҵʱ̱סˣһϸ֮ԭص˴ԼһʱңĪŵԽѪҹء
ڼ䣬ĪһֱǳϣϾһǰԼ˵ݹģһһԸݸ֧Ԯݹġ
ѪҹغĪӷı仯Сؿе˶˲٣ΣֽҲǰˡ
Դϴһս֮ѪҹؽսǰƽһЩԭؿĵĹؿ˵ȫһؿǰĵؿ˽ʿǻҪ
صĵڶؿԭĵһؿ
Īӵݲûκ⣬ڽѪҹ֮󣬺ܿõǰڶؿ
Դǰһδս֮ѪҹȻս𣬺ĦϣÿεĦģȽСʱ˵Ƚƽ
Īڽؿ֮󣬿ټѧɵĵӣԼٵߣ񾳽ϵĸ֡
ģĦûзҹԣȴ˿ûͣЪˣЩߣĪӴ¾ܲ³ѪҹصһЩ
һʱ֮ĪӲŵѪҹصĵڶؿҲǵĵһؿѪĺ

ھһͨͼ֮Ī˳Ľ˵ڶؿڣﵹûжı仯һоﶼ͵꼸һģһ
ĪӺܿҵͨо֮ٴξͨȴ󣬾һʿĴ£һƬӪУоʴ
ûнʣĪӾͿ˴֮УǸ΢΢üͷڵͷӰǡѪĺġ


پʮ δԵ
ĪӣǰݼүŵͷġѪĺģĪӻ߽˴ʣһ֮䣬Լ˵Ӻ󱲵λá
һĻۣ֮令֣ĪӣԳƵҲӦ
ͣסеĶ̧ͷǰĪӣԭ΢΢üͷչˡ
ɹˣĿĪʵʣȴһȷ
ţĪ΢΢ĵһͷ
Īӵһ϶Ĵ𸴣ԭƽϣ¶һ˿ЦݣЦϲϵɢմЦ
ããã
ĴЦһ˵ãĪӵĿ֮УһĨӵ
һοĽ𾪵ȵһ𣬲ͻȻһĨ
ĪĿֱģʵȫܹĴ˿̵飬ԷǰԼʦ÷Ĳ࣬ԴǴת֮˵ľȻر𣬵ĵ֮ģ÷ҪӼᶨ
֮ԻĪôΪĪ÷ĵӣΨһĺ֮⣬Ҫһ㣬ǳĪӡ
ЩĪӣĳ̶ֳҲһиԼһ޷֮ģĪӵϣĪӵδпܹɾԪɡ
ԼõĺܹɾԪɣҲĳ̶ֳϣĲԸ
ڴЦĺܿкĪڴ֮£ȻЩĳ˵ڶɹ֣Ԫɾֿɵãʱ򲻿ɹԲ֮ͻƲ١ʱʮʮ֮ȴΪδ·
үԣӽ֪Ҳ˴㣬ԲٳɾԪɱĪ΢ЦŻش
ͺãĪӣ㵱ñһû뵽֮һ񾳽ʿΪԲĸ֣ʦ˵ĶԣһЩСˣһ߿Ī˵һֽϸղڴĹŵһߡ
ĪӲƳһۣȴͻȻǷݹ֣еĿġ
ͻȻԼܵܺ͵ϱֳݹϣĪĿⲻǷݱһԵĹ϶ͣһ롣
ȻܿջĿ⣬ߵһͣáѪĺķˣҲתͷһ۱һߵݹģüͷ΢ɲһ¡
΢ͣһ룬ֽǷݹ𣬿ĪʵѪҹأǵˣ˳ǰݷãҪ£
ĵ⣬ĪϵЦҲˣҪΪĪ飬ղֻƳһеĹģľͱ֣أĪӲ²⣬ݹصݣǷǳҪĶ
ǷǳҪĹģĪδϱ֣ôݹϣ
Ӵȴ񣬲ȴЩ˽£ͺү֮£ӦòһƳݹϵ֣ȴЩ̫ȷˣĪһ˼ţһ߿Ĵ𵽡
ԣϸĿĪӵ˫ۣ֮΢һüͷٴɿ˵˽£Ǻ£
иܵܣѧڰټҽңбЧ֮־֮ǰЯδѪҹسԭԼ֮ڹңΪð񣬿࣬ٳδ飬׼Ҵߴ٣ĪӿٽԼҪĿ˵һ£ȻָеĹ˵
ղݹ֮ϣɨ֣ǵܵܺ͵ϱˣ
˵Īӱ㲻ˣѾԼҪĶ˵ˣͿĻ᲻Լһ¡
ĪӵĻͷԭˣеܵϱѪҹأ㾹Ȼδ֪ڱ򣡡
仰˵꣬ĽеĹķ£Īӵ棬ݹ̯ĿһɨȻָһʵ
Ī࣬Ӧþܵܰɣ
ĪٴεͷǸ֣δӣʺү˿ƽ
İɣƽ£ݹΪ֮˱ܵܵϱλϣ˵˽й֮ˣĿĪӻش
ǰΪ˽˴ȥ
иĸŮҲдߴ٣꣬ҪЩ˵ȥĪӻش
ĵͷ΢һ£ٴο˵˴سɻ޲ɣ㻹Ҫһ£ңڴ˵ȴ£ҲҪˣӦ³򣡡
ү󣡡ĪĵĻ˵³΢һȤ֪Լδ飬мʲôԭԼ֪ġ
Ī֮ǰõϢѪҹȴδܵκҲδ޷
Ĳṵ̂Īӽɻ󣬶΢΢˼һ£ȻĪʵ֪Զ˧ټΣ
ʳ⣬Īϸ룬Ȼش꣡
ڻشͬʱĪҲڷٵ˼Լԭѵ˵Īδؼң͡Զйأ
ĪӻԼԶ˽⣬λų嵱ǿҵġ򡱣Ѿٶˣʳʱ仹Ҫ
ԶڵڶʳʱڣѾ߹صĽˣֻʱԶ֮ںݡ
ڶʳƮҡ֮ʣԶںݵˮĹûв뵽սȵĳ֮ԶĽ죬ڳĸ֮УûܵκεӰ졣
ʳ֮ԶغݼʮأƴѪҹسΪͳ˧֮һѪҹһٶꡣ
ΪֹԶٶ꣬ͬҲΪս˽꣬ǿңǶʵͬͬҲǶء
˧꣬Ԫ޶࣬ҵѪҹڽʿ˧ж֮ǰΪ˧һʤļ˵
ĵ仰ĪӴ²µһЩߣѾףĪδûʱڹҵԭˡ
Զٶ꣬١ԪĵҩʵҲ˲٣ҪѾͨĵҩ԰쵽ˣɵɹεıܹá
ֲεıԡԶΪĹףǻʳǸţʵģּıԪ֮£δܹܵ
ʵҲҩ̫ǿеǰ취ѹƣһλΪսһ˧ѵˣҪΪ
ڶݵʱУĪԺڿٵĽ鴮
ѪҹصĽʿѾλ˧ж׷׼λ˧뿪÷ʽٸһʤΪһսĹѫһԲľš
ĪӽѪҹؿʼڶİټҵӣߣпвԭѾ׼뿪ȴδ뿪ˣֻΪ׼һʤ
ȻĵĻͲ֤ĪӵĲ롣
ӴǰʼѪҹе֣ʵڲԸ֮ˣ˶뿪ĵܵܺ͵ãӦҲˣûмʱؼҳס


پʮ Ԫ
ѪҹĵڶؿһڣĪӶУԺлŸղźĵĽ
ĪҲû뵽ԼոѪҹأûмĪˣֻȥݷһλȻ֪ûڻȥĴԭ
֮˵ǴԭΪĪҲ֪Īûʱڹԭ϶ֹˣϾȻѪҹھ£֣Ҳûһǿÿ˶£ִҪ뿪ѪҹҲǿ
Ī֪ĪδڵһؿУһʱͿֻصڶؿ
ΪĪԼ˽Ѫҹصģǰһؿ΢Щ鷳ĪҲû鷳ģ׼ʱڵڶؿȴֻ
֮ĵĽ̸Īûپ⣬Լ󱲵ӵݣ˵һЩԼ÷۵£رǵĸԼǷ֮УŲٰƷġѪ¼ĪӿһЩġ
ԼƵǼģʱϾ¶Щӵο֮ɫ
ĪЩûɵȷϣĪܹƣΪЩδɵ֪ѪҲ֮;
ĿһЩеĪƣڸеο֮࣬ҲЩӣЩľ˴ĪȥϢˡ
Īӳȥʱ˳ָĪһսƣĪѪҹܹӳԼս
Ī̤֮ǰע⵽ƺ΢΢̾Ϣһһ̾Ϣһϧοʵ
ӡѪĺĪӾͱ⴦УĪӻһ̾ϢʵҲĸеЩϧ
к÷֮ͬȫͬľȴֱֳܳ˸ԸĲͬ
÷澳֮УһδεȴһδվˣĪţġѪĺģԲھ̴֮󳹴򣬱ˣһδεһδǰųɾġ
ԼЩһЩĵõģȻǸ׷ġ
ܲô磬Ҳ£Լ֮һѡĪӾãӦûѡһߡ
ջ˼Īվ߳С
ʱҹĻѾ٣ĪڵƬΧһЩ񣬱˴˼䶼һξ룬١
֪ǰѣڻжѪҹأĪĿɨһȦЩ
ʱ䣬Щĸ֣ұ˴˽ʱ䣬ĪӲ֪뿪ѪҹصЩѣǲǻҹһһ֮нȻһͬȥμҹԡ
ţĪһȥ֮󣬾һ֮ǰ
ЩϤĴʣĪ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼû˿ԥƿĻ˽ȥ
Īӽʵһ˲䣬ڴ֮ʮӰˢˢĽĿĪӣĪܹĸоЩĿ⿴Լȫ֮ɫ
ĪûЩĿ⣬Ϊ˿ҲͬŴ֮еЩˣһʮˣȫǴĸ֣һɨŴЩ
λѿЩǸոѪҹأĪڴˣȺ֮УһĿĴֱվĪӿʵ
Ŀ⿴ԷĪӷĸ֣岻һĿ࣬Է࣬׳˶Ȼһλ޸֡
ĪӸҪڣͻȻȺ֮һĪѹ
֮ˣȫĿͶ˵ʿ
ĪתͷˣϵЦҲøʣȺ֮УһλϤˡ
ѣˣĪӿŶԷ˵
ĪӳѵλʿվͬЦſĪ˵Ī񣡡
˵֮תͷŴֽ֮ܵλĪѣҲڲμӹҹԣնɱλޣʵǷ
һλڳĴַ׷׺ĪӼ񣬺ܿͻʶˣĪҲȻȺ֮С
ЩҲһλµ룬ڴ֮еЩˣһҪȥμҹԵģĴսȻԽԽãοһλḻʵǿĸ֡
ĪӽԼ£ԼԼ뿪֮ЩѪҹصˣԵһЩ仯
ҹսҲ뿪ģջķᣬΪͻͽ
ͱ˵ǰλĪӵˣԷΪֻǴڣ겻ԷΪѾﵽ˴ڣΪķȲνǲ졣
ԷȻĪĻԵҲûʣܹȵΪȫƾһδεΣպɱõġ
ǰĽĪӸеЩοЩ꣬ǰѣһЩ׶ˣһЩȴԽԽˣ֮⣬мλҲѪҹأֻûвμӽյҹԶѡ
ĪӽʵҼλˣĪѪҹصʱĪӾ˼λѰæչˣ⼸λҲʱĪӷϢֻǽȴûмЩˣҪĪĸź
˵Ľ̸Уʱܿ͹ȥһʱһʱĽ̸УҶĪӣҲһӡ
һʱĽ֮󣬴ʵٴα𣬼ʿ˽ŮޣĪӱȽϤŵĵӣʣ½ޣȻ̫һڵĵӡ
⼸˽ĪӺΧĴʿ׼վǰȥμҹԡ
սƣĪȻҪȥμҹԡ
λѾɹ֣ǲҪײμҹԣԷԪɳ֣ᣡĪ׼ߣȴǼУһλŵŮ޶Լ˵
Է仰һڣ֮еˣȫĿĪӡ
ɹ֣ĪѣԵ棿ĪλĿ⿴ĪӣЩŵ˵
ոնɹ֣δüߵѣĪԣ΢΢˵ͷ
ĪӵͷΧĪӵĿ⣬΢΢һЩ仯ڳĴʿû뵽ղźһĪӣȻѾǶɹֵĸˡ
£ȥݼѪҹصļλԪɣλǰһѣղ˵ŵŮ޿Īӣ˵
ݼλԪɣŴԣĪЩĶˡ
Ѿɹ֣ʱԳɾԪ񣬿ɶԪɾ֮Ī˽Ķȴ൱ޣָ㡣
ҶڳɾԪ֮ҪԵ»ĪҲҪ˽һ¡
Ԫɣ֮ϣڴߵĲ࣬˸źͻʳ֮⣬Ϊ֪ģֻѪҹغͺԪɾĸ
֪ʱǰȥݼλԪǷ񷽱㣿ĪӿŵŮʵ
ԣŵŮһЦ̿˵λԪڵȴѣ


پʮ ͥ
Ī֮ǰҲѪҹصԪɣƽ﾿סںδŻôأڶ˿ڵѪҹأҶ֪ǵĴڣȴǣǰƬСռ䣬ĪףЩԪɾסںδˡ
ʿĴ£ĪѪҹصһСռ䣬ƬռλãȻѪҹϷϣ֮С
ƬСռ䣬ĪûзųʶֻĿĴ۲š
ƬСռĴСһ֮أżߵͲͬɽ壬ǳۡ
ɽһЩɼĽǾǼλԪɵľɽϻһЩֲһЩر󣬵ǴȴǳƯԶԶȥһ־ۡ
ռڵǳĳ棬ȫûܵѪɷӰ죬֮УһĪӷǳϤǱǳ֮
ѭǳ֮ĸԴĪ̧ͷƬռϷһɫţͺƬСռ̫ǹŨǳ֮Ǵɢġ
ĪλŵŮע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬һǰߣһ߶Īӽ͵һöǺˣǵƬСռǰΪפѪҹصĸλԪɲڵƬСռ֮еġ
ǰֶΣΪ֮̾Īԣͷһд
ĪĲǶԷֶΣпƬСռ˵˼
ı߹ǰأȻΪĳ̶ֳ㲻һò£Ϊ壬Ըڴפأܹһõפ͸ܹԪǰפء
Ů޵Ĵ£Īһ·ǰȥ;֮УĪѾӦ˼Ϣֱڼɽϡ
иĪӸоΪ΢ͬʱҲѹģЩɽ֮У߶ߵɽ塣
ɽϵԪɣΪߵһĪš
ܰĪǰݼλǰͼڲߵɽǰ֮ʱһֱĪӵλŵĵӣżɽһȻ˵
Ļһ䣬мâǰɽ˲͵˵ǰ
ĪӣλǰǰֵļˣĪ̹һ
ǰһˣŮޣϵϢȫĪӸܵһ־Υѹ
ɽ÷۵ĪӣĪѣҵ񣡡һԪ֮Уһţһǳʳ˵ԪЦŶĪӿڵ
Īӣλǰƺ־ͺãԷƺԼһѣĪȴûܡ
ĪѾɹ˴֣ʱԪһѣȫ𣡡Īӻһ˵꣬һλԪɱ㿪˵ΧλԪɣҲЦͷ
λǰ̧ˣĪŴԣҲû˳ɲǰ⼸λԪɣֻͨɾѣܹפѪҹصģΪӦò
ĪѲؾнǱǷҵ֪ȵѳɾԪ񣬿ǧ֮ҵȼ֮У˻ᱻ㳬ƽɡղʼ˵ԪٴζĪ˵
仰ĪӴ⼸λԪɵϸܵ㹻⣬ҲûٿķŵԼ̬
Ҵ⼸λԪɸղ˵ĻرǾ䡰֪ĪҲƷһЩζ²֪ںʱԼѾһЩԪɵߣǲ֪Ǵʲôʱʼġ
ĪӱֵĲղôˣԪɲһЦʼĪ˵λԪһӣڼǰƾ۳һʯмʯΡ
ĪӿһĻĿ֮һĨ⣬ƾձʯʯΣֻСϷѣȴɱΪ֮С
֮󣬼λԪɱֵĶǳƣԼĪҲһһļڼ䣬Īͬע⵽һϸڣǾСռ֮Уɽһаǰȴֻˡ
ǾʹĪѹҲΪߵһλԪɲûг֡
뵽Īӿһߵɽ壬ȻѸٵջĿ⡣
Ԫɶע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôʼĪ˵λŵԪٴζĪӿ˵
ԭҹһʱ䣬׼ȥһɽ÷ۣר̰ݷһĪѣȴû뵽ĪѾȻѪҹأҪȥμҹԣʶæˡ
ѴѰңʲôĪԣ˳ˮ۵ʵ
ղԷ˵ԼйעĪоͶЩ뷨Էô˵ĪҲ֪⼸λԪɣԼĹעǴʲôʱʼģ
ͥУԭҪǰ÷ۣΪѽһЩ֮ϵ飬Ѿɹ֮ѣʱܹɾԪɣȥ֮ϣҪѽһЩ飡شĪӵģȻǸղλԪɣղŶԷѾ˵Լ֣з羺
֮ϣͥ羺ĻĪһĿ⿴ŶԷȴġ
Īһհġľ⡷ġԪˮ¼ڳɾԪ֮Ĺ⣬ĪӻѾˣҪ˽ڳ֮Ԫۼ֮ϣʲô
羺ĪӣҲûʲôӣֱӱ㿪ڶĪӽĽ£Ԫɾۼ֮ϣд˵еͥڿʼĪǰҿصɴ
֣ͥʵ߶İΪ֮佻õǮͥеġ
һֱĪӶΪͥһǳӴԽ֮ǰǸ磬񻰴˵еͥơ
˷羺ĽĪӲףԭνͥԼȫһȻһǳɢ֯ĪӾü֮⣬ͬʱ֮С
ߣԸܵģ»ʳЩƽҲɲǲġ
ͥʵһȺɢ޳ԪɣСŵԪɣԼ֮еһġ
ͥԭҪΪЩɢ޳ԪɣԼЩСŵԪɣͬԿ塣
Щɢ޺СųԪɣϰ˸Եɢ˷ѣղų棬ΪɢȴܹӵͥõΪ
ﵽƷϵ飬ҲһּУʹͥϵ׳ȻɢһЩƶȴˡ
ͨ˽ͥĪҲ˽⵽֮ϵڴϵ壬֮ϵԪɣܺһ㡣
̫һ壬֮ϲδսСĦȴһֱδͣЪսԪҲ١
֮ҪԵģһ壬͸Ӹˡ
ڷ羺Ľ£λԪʱʱĲ䣬ĪȻûȥ֮ϣԼҪȥĵطĿʼһµӡ


پʮ Ϊ
ӴֱϣձԴһ磬磬Եִǿ֮Уǵ֮ϡ
ǿ֮ڣĸפر̫̫Ŵԣ̫ɹ̫ţмǣΪɾ֮ǰҪ̫̫ŴǣΪ⣬̫ʿŴǵĿȨ
ǿչ㲩Ŵ֮⣬֮ǳռݶʮĿŴǣǣԼһЩ΢СǳҲռһִǣǿ֮еʵǿ
ǿ֮ϣо죬ıأɲҲӦоУǸ֮ء죬һһȻ֮⣬ʣµ죬λ컯ٶɣ
֮⣬ǿ֮У;ڣһЩٵСռ䣬С磬󶼲ǰٻ
ˣӦö㽲ĶžЩˣϸڣȵպͻԪɵʱۿһУȻף
⼸λԪɵĲ£羺ԼҪĪӽܵĶȫͣһ£ĪӼʵ
ҪĲˣĪѻʲôʵ𣬷֪ģᾡΪѽ󡣡
Īԣ΢Ƭ̣ϸһ¸ղõϢȻſʵʷѣͻԪ֮ǷҪͥ
Īʳ⣬ڳļλԪһЦɷ羺ڵĪǵͻԪ֮󣬼֮ͥУܵɣ
Īĵ˵ͷȻղŶԷĽܣͥһǳɢ֯ҪһЩɢɡСŵԪɡԼɵģҪˣлһţܹ͸ſţп֮ͥռλ˵ÿܻЩԼ
µģǷͥȫȡԸҽûǼͥϾ֮ͥУʲô̫ԼĶı羺ٴ˵
ҵȼˣɢ޺Сų֮ͥ󣬶δ̫ܵĹΪ֮£ͥͳﰲţʱ򶼺ɡ
ͥңΪĪѽЩҲɲκεĸЩӰѵѡ񡣡
ĪȫҪžȵͻԪɾ֮ǰ֮ϣʱ򣬵ھ١
羺˵꣬Īӵ˵ͷûм⣬Ѫҹ뿪֮صһհףհܹԼĶ
羺Ҳûм˵̸۵ص㣬ֻصĪӵϡ
Īѿ֪ҵǴӺʱʼעģ羺ЦŶĪʵ
ʾ⣬ĪӵȷЩ棬Ҳ֪ԼǴʲôʱʼЩԪɵķ۵ġ
ӵһѪҹصʱ򣬹ǰѾע⵽ˣҵע⵽ѣڵѿ֮ʱҵȲȷѱضұˣͥҲԵйע羺Цſ˵
֪ǰǣĪ羺ᵽһλǰһĿߵɽһɨͬʱʵ
羺ҲĿͶߵɽ壬Ȼͷ˵ǹǰľǰעҹǱߵʶû
λԪ֮УһŮʱҲڽ͵թʶÿҹ֮ʱҵȿһ㣬ֹ尵ʩֶΣĪӦþǵμҹ֮ʱűǰصģ
ԷͣĪжʱȻÿҹ֮ʱʵЩԪɰбݻȷ⡣
ˣǱӦҲˣһиˣĪӹƣͻ壬ֵļһЩԷ
֪ǰǺεΪҿлܹݼסɽϵλǰĪӲ²⣬ԷӦþѪҹֵΪߵԪˣЩԷΪжǿ
ڳļλԪԣĿ⿴Īӣͬ³֣ɣ
ȻˣĪа
ѪҹҪĵطضҪиģһλɾǿʵ
ĪӷӦƺûг֮ķӦһԪɿڵĪӵѻδɾԪɣܶڽɾǿ߻˽⣬͵˵ɣʵվеĽɾǿ߼Ҳ֮
֣֮ĪԸ⣬Ԥ֮еҪٺܶࡣ
ں͵ѽͣѿҲףպͻԪɾ֮󣬼ɾǿ֣߳ʱȻˡһλԪɾǿЦŽһ䡣
λԪ˵֮Ҳû˵ʲô¼λԪɾǿ߽һת˵ͻԪɾ֮ҪעһЩˣǰĪһЩ飬ֹպʽͻԪɾ֮˲·
˵˾УͽеĲˣĪҲ˸ø뿪ʱ
Īվ׼뿪ʱ򣬷羺Ҳͬʱվɫ֣ص˵
ĪʷǷſ֮壬ֻպͻԪ֮󣬵;㣬ԶʤҵȣͥѽӴˣУǣ
ֱԣضģԷ֣صı飬ĪҲһɫ˵
ҵԪɣɾԪ񾳽磬֮ϣҵ֮ϣҵӵԪҲӦǣҵʼһԱ
ǰնڼз֮棬Ⱥա
ΪɣһһɽʱԪͣһһɽʶҵȳ֮Ϊɡѳɣ·Դ
羺һ˵꣬ĪʩһλԪɣҲͬĪʩһ񣬾λŵŮޣ״Ҳ˳ƶĪʩһ
ǰˣĪһ֣صĶż˻һȻ̧ͷ˵
ģԴ
Ī仰羺ԵļλԪȫЦͷ
Ǳã±ϣѿԻȥϢˣǹлᣬ˵õѻԼǰ
ǣĪӵ˵ͷȻŵŮ޵Ĵ£ת뿪ƬСռ䡣
Ī뿪֮󣬼ԪɸɢصԼɽղźĪӽķ羺ȴߵɽȥ
ϵɽ֮һ¥ǰûŶ룬վſ˵
羺ǰ
һ䣬¥֮бһ
Σ
Ȼת۲죬Ӧòǰػ֮壬ĵͬݡ羺ش
ţٹ۲һ£ͬ壬Ǳ֮ˣֵúúеٴ
ף羺¶һ˿ЦݣȻŸ¥һ񣬱ת뿪ˡ


پʮ 
е㲻ԾĪԼסУŸղŵľ΢ɲ૵
ҹԭҪȥѣ˳μһҹԣûмλҹҲûвμӳɣȴһľѪҹصļλԪɡ
һ̸󣬱˴̸۵Ļ죬Īڻ֮ٻղŵľЩطԸˡ
Լ֮ͥϵЩĪӶ⣬ȫԵԪɣԼ½׼ԪֵһЩֹ·
羺ԼĪҲ¿⣬λԪ֣֣µһĪӾ;΢еˡ
ĹУƬСռ֮УǰĽɸ֣ͷβûг֡
ĪȻûб̽ĸоܾԼһһӦöڶԷƤ£ҶԷûгԼɣĪҲ΢Щǣǿ
һλɾĸ֣עҹǱߣԼҲԲκӰ졣
ϸ˼һ£ĪӻǷǳȷλԪɣԼǴ൱⣬һκԼӴȷʲôԼ֪ԭ򣬵Լ޶⡣
˼ţĪ̧ͷĿͶ棬ʱԼЩɻѹ¡
ܶ벻ͨԭֻϢԵȣϸ˼άǶȺ͸߶ȵ⣬ȵԼͻԪɾ֮Щʳý
ϧˣεҹǲμӲˣʱȥݷһѰɣŽҹֹμҹԣĪﻹ΢Щź
ɹ֮Ԫɾ֮£ĪӲҾԵ˵Լ޵УܹԼƥеģǷëǡ
ԭμӼҹԣûնһЩһԼѾĵĲܴ޵õһЩ֮οϰûʼжƻƲˡ
Ȼ̫⣬һ룬Щϧ
һμҹԵޣݴشеģĴУ˿ѷɫߵĴС
ĴУĪҲ൱ȵģߣĪӿ϶޷ŪЩеģΨһпܻõĵطҹˣ˵ãܹõûе̫ʹС
Щ¶ĪҲֻˡ
ʱֵҹĪҲû˿˯⣬֮ǰĪҹϢڴ֮жȹġ
ѪҹϡûУһõĪóһö򣬿ʼͷĦûãɫܿ͵ʱ̡
еĪ߳ĪδӻüܻĪӽȥݷһѣһɣҲǶǱʾллչĪࡣ
һĪӷѺ˳Ѫҹصѣ϶ˣҹҲƽ˳Ķɹһҹԣһҹն
뵱ΪԵҵһȴѾɹ֣·ϣҵһʲ飬һ֮УĪһѪҹʶļѪҹصһãһЦſڵ
ϴĪཻʱĪӵΪֻ񾳽磬˶ͬĪӵǱȻ֮󲻾ãĪΪͻ˴磬Ƕɹ֣֤ǵĪӵĿǺεȵȷ
λҲΪͬϲˣҪ˶ãλҲ͵˸öֵʱ򣬽ʱҪǰȥۿĪӿڳˣҲЦŻش
ǰѣĪ黹ǺܲģѪҹصЩѣȻʣµ˲࣬ҹһҲֻλѣ˴˼佻̸ȴ
Ǽ˶ᵽԼɹ֣֮ҲףĽӶࡣ
ѪҹڣǰˣһսȻΪĪӳˣսţȴǲܵκӰ졣
Ҵڼ֮󣬾뿪Ѫҹأɽȥʼ׼ˣȵ֮գǰۿĪӵĻһЦſ˵֮䣬Լܷɹ֣ųֵš
ĪԣͷԷֻҪסţҪתäĿԴôɹ硢֣Ӧþûж⡣
˷ɣӦǡĪȷ϶һ䣬ȻֶλΪͬ˴ڵѽ飬Ҳ뿪ѪҹأȥǱһʱ䣬ϾųжȣͨսΪȷܿ죬ҲҪºһ¡
ĪӵĽ飬˶ʾԸӣҲڼº뿪Ѫҹأȥһʱ䡣
ڱ˴꽻֮󣬻תĪϡ
ĪרǰӦΪĪɣһʵ
ĪӵͷȷˣиĸЩ׼ҲߴΣҪˣ
£ĪҲҪĪ֮࣬ǰѵϢ֮УһЩԭδּ˵
ĪӴΣ⺢ӷǳĲбЧ֮ģѧҽ֮ҲǳľտѪҹ֮ΪҲǳĿ죬Ѿﵽ൱񾳽Ϊĳ̶ȣҲĶĹѫ
ĸĪӵǰĪúõĿһܵ˼ȰĪӲҪ̫Īࡣ
ĪԷ˵֮Ȼû˵ʲôĪѪҹص⼸ı֣ȴǶһ˿ͬ
֮ǰ˵ҪȥΪҲҪ֤ԼһѧıֵȷǿȦɵ㡣
һ֮ڼ˵Ĵ£ĪʶһЩµףһ۵һֱ֮ѪĺҵĪӣǰȥһ
ѪĺǰĪӱ֪ˣӦĪˣȻšѪĺˣһѪҺĵĴʱһ۾Ϳ˴֮жˣԼĵܵĪ໹δӡ
Ī߽֮УǶһƽĿڵĪӣү
˵ͷȻĿĪһʾһ˵һҾͰйˣʲô飬ǿ˵ҲԳȥ̸
ĪԣתվԼԣͷԵЩִٲˣĿڵôֳкˣ
ĪӵĻĪ̧ͷ˴˵ץСһ㣬Щܿ죬Īһָ̻򶨣Īӹһ񣬿ڽһֳ
ԱߵδԣҲͬƺĪһֳ
ȺԼкĪûĪ࣬ϸĪδӣǳº͵˵ãЩܵܣܿˣ˲٣⸱ӣȻص˼ȥĳǶ
վĪˣԭѾ׼˽Īӵʦû뵽ĪһڣǹԼδĵϱ
ֳͦõģûʲô࣡ĪδȻЩ⣬ĻǸжһԵĪ࣬ŶĪӿ˵
һߵĿһĻ¶һĨЦݣаԼ󱲣ܵܣİ


پʮ ֵ
ĪӲûڡѪĺĵĴн£ϾĪ˵飬ֻһ˽¶ѣҪĵĴ֮нδֵЩ̫ˡ
ĪӴĪδ߳ĵĴʣһ·ǳĬȴڹ۲ˡ
ʱȥˣĪ仯Сݿӳˣ϶һ˿ɣУҲһĨҽߵı
ĿǰһЩϵϢǰǿˣ˸˵ĸоѾȫȫһҽߣһйµˡ
ĪѾû˸տʼĪʱľִٲĪӵȻ黹ǶЩ飬Ѿ׻ָ򶨣мĪҪ˵Щʲôջֹסˡ
ȻˣĪע⵽ԼǰߣĪϵĲ֮ɫԽԽȡ֮һּᶨ
⼸Ѫҹأȷ˲ٵ飡ţĪҲͷĿ˵
֮ǰҸոնɹ֣׼Ǳߴףأ֮䣬ҲмֲΪ֮ڣĪûء
ĪӻһڣĪδˣٴ΢΢˵ͷĪϵļᶨ֮ɫҲһĨΡ
׼ǱߵԹȫ⣬ϾŮԶȥѪҹأԭڵ£ò׳Ź֮ڣŮδΪ˸ĸģ᲻Թˡ
Īӱ߱˵ǳƽͣͺֻһƽһȴøˣĪδӣȦ΢΢Щˡ
Īע⵽δӵӣס֣Īӵ
Īע⵽˵Сûлͷ˵ʵ֮ǰ׼ҾԹ£ʱؼʱ̣Ҫ֣ʵ޷ǰ׼ұȽϿҲ֮Ѵεڶδߴ٣ʵǲò
üиĸ˫Ī࣬Щ꣬Ҳǰ£ٳδ飬һ뵽ĲԹǵѪҹǲΣգԲ޷

Īӱ߱˵ĪˣϵıҲԽԽΣȫĬȻĸĪӵ
һֱĪס߽ĪӿһĪδӣ֪ʱʱˡ
ĪȻЩʦ˼ȴĪκεִղ֮ʱĪע⵽Īϵļᶨ֮ɫ֪ĪԼû֮ڹ£ԼĽͣ˵׼˺Լһ¡
ĪӲʲôԸɴȲʣ֮飬֮ȹ֮ģźýнĽ
֮ǰӵһϢĪѾУܿҶҪ˾ˡվԼǰˣĪ˦һϢ
ģĪˣ̫ˣĪӴϢĪ¶Ц˵
ǰĪѾˣأֳͬģ벻ɻ飬һҪȵ׼׵ʱʱŻżĪЦݣĪ˲仰һתʼˡ
⡭Īһ˲ЩתͷһߵδӣȻֽĿĪӣһ˵
ֳɷҽһ£
˵ɣϣĽܹͣ˵ңܹҵĳһĪ˵꣬к¡
Īºûôͣȥ֯ԣֱӿڵֳ֮δ飬µȷ֮Ҳ
ĪһڣֱӳԼĴ󣬸ղһ·ĪӶ˵ЩûһģȴеΡ
ֳʵҲȫĪ࣬Ϊ³ҲйĪ໰䣬Եδӱ㿪˵
˧֮£ֳѾѪĺ֪ˣĪûаڹȥһԭǺйء
Ѫҹؾۼ֣ĪҶλаϣ֮ʱѪҹظոսһ칤ѧһѧӲѣʣֲ㣬ҲҪһʱ䣬ĪҪҡ
ºۿ־ۼսڴʱ뿪ҶѰʶһֱϵڣ¹ң
˵ţԼԵĪȴץס֣ҡҡͷû˵ȥ
ֳ㵱ҲѪҹأѪҹصĴսҲӦˣսǺεȵĲң彫ʿ˺ءĪδӵ֣תͷĪ˵
ֳʵ׼ڼֳǰҲ˺ܶɣΪԼѣǸղֳһ·˵Щ֪ҵЩɣ˰ˡ
ĪĪô˵һĨ֮ɫĪĶЩĪӵϡ
ֻ˵仰֮ĪͻȻ˫ϥһ䣬ֱӹĪӵǰ΢΢ͷһּᶨ˵
ʱʼֳһ̵ֱҺĪҶˣҶǷǣȰҶ˽ѧƣֽټѧУҶ˳ɲš
ֳ࣬ĪмģӰټѧѪҹأԭбЧ֮ģȷ֮ڣѪҹվãˣԽ࣬Щѧϰҽ֮Խид
ѧãʮѧҽ֮ѪҹؾʿʹĹУҲмֵҲԼҪʲôֳѪҹأ
ĪһԼҪ˵Ļ˵꣬һ㣬ĪһݣδӼ״ҲĪԣͬĪӰݵ
ȻˣĪпЦ̽Ī˷
ĪԣĪģҲͬοһĪҵԼļֵ˵ҵԼĵҲζţĪӿºĪĸԸĸԼȥ
ĪδӣڿǺĪһģĪӵõʲôˡ
ҪѪҹأǷҪȸһҳҲҪһҪ˵ǣЩãĪӽ˷𣬿Ī˵
ȹ±֮ұֳȥȸһȻһ˵˫Ī΢ԥһ¿˵
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵˫ĳ²ô׵飬һʧȣڳɻ֮ǰⲻȵһǸοºҪѪҹء
ĪĪĻûбʾʲôֻǿ˵պ˵ɣոմӵһؿҲЩˣ͵˻ȥϢɣ
Īô˵ĪδӶһۣжһĨʧ֮ɫ˵ͷת뿪Īӵ
Īע⵽뿪֮ʱһĨʧ֮ɫѾ֪˵˼
ĪȡĪӵ֧֣ȻĪΪͻƿڣӶȡҳ֧⣬ķǳ
Īӵ֧֣ǰȰһȰ˫ĳĪӵĻ˫ýȥĽӦû⣬Īȴûб̬˶Щʧ


پʮ ð
ҹѪĺĵĴУĪӺԶ
÷ƣζʵƷе÷ƣ΢ЦŶĪ˵
үϲͺãĪԣͬ΢ЦŻش
Ī£δĿʵ
ȻĪûǰ˽£ںҲ֪ġ
ĪӶžƱ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼ󻺻Ľֱ۷£ҡҡͷ˵˸־ҲˣȻԼ뷨Īֲʲô£ֻ΢ΣһЩˣûѪҹصЩʿһˣ֮£ĪǻҪȫһЩ
ԣЦݷȸһЩͷе÷һȻƺָԼһſ˵
˿ǣǱٺòˡԴ˵Īĵ֮ܵ˲˲⼸ѪҹصıֺܲǸӣҽҶҲӣѪҹأҽиԸ
ĵĻĪԸ⣬ԼĵܵܣȻҽĳλ˵ۣһ¡
֪λҽҸˣĪϸһ䡣
ҽһʿһĿڻش
شĪжʱеϲټѧ֮Уûѧܹ֮ѧɴµģһ㶼Ǻüλѧɵĸ߲㣬Щѧɵĸ߲㣬ѧɵĳνвͬҽҾͳ֮Ϊʿ
Īܹ䷨ۣʹδĳɾͣҽУһϯ֮ء
Լĵܵǰ;ĪеȻеοˣĪѪҹصĪӾãԼƺ֧һ¡
ôɣӦ˵˫ĳ˰ɣϵЦûĪ˵
㹻ˣүٰܹæǴ¾ûʲôˣĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ʱ׶Ĺȥ֮ʱҸ⣬ȥǣļ˵
лүˣĪԣһĨЦ⣬֪Ī飬ǽˣҲԭĵ¡
վԼĵܵܣȻ֮ǰЩףûйȫ˫ԼֳģǵðЩ
ҽϢټġѪĺĵţǻȥ֮Ӧûǳ˳
ĪĻ⣬Ļһתֽ˵˱𴦡
ȥλԪ˰ɣ
ţǰԭҪȥμҹԣŵһλסˣȥ˼λԪɣλɾĹǰȴδĪʵش
Щʲôٴʵ
⵹δԸĪҡҡͷ
ԣüͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼɿ
Īӿĵ飬ɿʵʲô֮
Ϊ˧ж׷񣬽ڳﱸһսѾ׼Ĳˣһ֮ڣ巢һɹֵĸ֣ܹãԭҸսƣΪṩ㣬ڿλԪɿдɣĶĪ˵
ĪӼȻʱˣΪĵܵܺ͵ϱ뿪֮ǰĪӿ϶һ뿪
һָ֣ڼλԪɵĶսȻҪˡ
ΪĪӵĳжĪӣǲԼλ󱲣ûʲô˼
Ī˵вǲȻӦЧͣε壬ҡԶλϽҲǴ𾴣õõĵطĪ൱Ը
ڶɹ֮Īӻû˶ֵģҲһԼڵʵԭҹԵʱնɱλޣ˳㻹նһЩȴˡ
λԪҪֵģضԪɸ֣ⲻֵܹģλԪɿܿǵһ㣬ԲûзԸʲôɣǺүвǲ뾡ӶЧͣĪ΢Ц˵
ģԲôֲõģ˵ʱǻܼʦĺ˵
仰ĪֻЦЦûʲôرķӦ
Ѫҹسﱸһδսзǳοδսϵж׷Զ
λսһϽĹײСʱλҲƷϣӦƷλ
ʳ뷷λϽҲĲ̫ĻʳˣʳУܹһλ֣Ҳǵǿ١
ּΪΪ£һλֵжʳһ룬飬ĪӼ԰ٷְٵĿ϶бضԼʦ÷
ʱһתֵۣ˼֮ѪҹӭһλֻһΣĻͳ˧죬ԭפصڶؿġѪĺģҪǰһؿΪͳ˧һؿԶصڶؿʱ
Īδ˼֮ҲǰһؿǱĳҪһ죬Ī뿪ڶؿʱÿ˻صڶؿġԶ
ѪҹشôãСע֮ĻҾͲˣҸǵı֮ǵţһСİɣĪӽĪڶؿ⣬ĵĻո˵꣬ͿڵڶؿԶһľŵڶؿ
ڶǰˣһλУ뷢԰ףɷǳͦεϽȻЩ˫˫ۣȴųһ޷ֱӵĹâ
ĪӲûмԶ뷴Ѫҹصļʱ䣬ԶֹһΣʱΪӸʿͷˣԶ
ֻʱԶȻڲ࣬ȴƺûôϣͷͺҲûа׵̶ֳȡ
ĪӶٴȻûߵǰĪѾжϣԶȷѾ;ƿݣˡ
ԶĶнٶȷǳ죬ܿ˵ڶؿǰĪӺĪõһԣôؿ
Īע⵽ڽؿ֮ǰԶĿ⿴Լһۣ΢΢ߵ˵ͷҽؿĴУһЩʿȻûгк߿һۣ̺֮һ⡣
ĪӿɲΪԶЩʿǸԼģܴܣǸԼߵĪδˡ
ĪתͷһĪ࣬Է˵Щʿ˳ʶ˲ѣֳЦˣ
Ī໰￴ǫ飬ʵһֽҲĪλֳǰΪҫһµˡ
ɵĲĪЦŶ˵ͷȻЩ˵
֮ǰѪҹؼϣû뵽겻ѾˣȷѾҪ;ƿˣ
Īӵ仰ĪҲ̾Ϣһ˵Ϊսһ˵Ĵʵ̫ˣָƣȻÿζʱƣδˣµİ١
֮ǰҽһλǰΪƣλǰ˵ϰɻǺúҩԶΪʮԪսºѻùꡣ
ѡ˺ߣպүʱ˵Ļ˼սһӭ׼ϣʱԼսϣڲ֮ϡ
Ī˵꣬Ŀתڶؿķ֮ɫ


İ 
սʼˣĪվڵڶؿĳͷϣŹؿڣøľԼߣа
ԴǰաԶصڶؿ֮ĪӾͷ֣ڶؿڵ΢һЩٵľӡߡԼټҵӣӵĵؿʼڶؿ
ڶؿ֮УȻһЩȴû̫ѹ֣ΪһεһսģǱİ
һҪԭ򣬾Ѫҹ£һսܷʤġ
һδսŹȥ꣬ȻѾģĦϵ࣬ڻѪҹΧҲҪָˣʵ۷ʱڣ΢һ㡣
ʵûлָ۷ʱһ֮⣬Ѫҹ£ΪһսҲ׼˱Ƚϳʱ䣬ڴҵһսҪӮ
Źĳ棬ĪżһսͻȻһĶС
Īѣǰһ棬Сռһ¡
Ī̧ͷһͷգһûκԥһ⣬˲ա
ڶؿǽϵЩʿɻ⣬̽һ£ɵպֱûʧŷ
Сռ֮УӼûĻҲǳŨСռ䣬һ˲ĪһִϺһӵ˴;ĸо
ָоֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬ĪӾѸٵӦĿ⿴վԼ߲Զķ羺һ
ѣ
Ī񣬹ǰѾڵˣɣ羺ϴЦݣĪӻһ˵
Īԣ˵ͷڷ羺ߵɽȥ
ûãɽϵһ¥ǰ羺ͣ½ŲĪһ˵
ǰ棬ԼȥɣҾʧˣһǳˣȥ
лѣĪӶͷ
ڷ羺뿪֮Īתǰ¥һ˵Īӣǰݼǰ
Īӻһ䣬ǰ¥ĴŻĴ򿪣ͬʱһ洫
Լǣ
ŴԣĪӱ̧Ÿ¥ȥ¥Ŀռ濴Ҫö࣬аڷŷǳļ򵥣˵ĸоȴȻ࣬¥ĪӵĶҪڷ䴦ˡ
ϣŵĶ鱾ȫһ䲻֪¼ʲôݣ¼ģӦöǺйصĶ
ĿͣƬ̣Īӱߵ¥ݴ˳¥ݵ˶¥̿һۣˡ
Էûаװ֮ͷͷҲǺɢڱĿĴĪӡ
Ŀ⿴ţĪӸоԼ˴ﵽ⣬Ŀ֮£û˿ܿԡ
ĪӣǰĪߵԷԼʮŲվǰһ
˵ɢͷ˿Ī˵
һ䣬Īӵǰƾճһš
лǰĪҲûпǰϡ
ǰλǰΪһλɸ֣Ī֮ΪֹΪߵˡ
Էǳ⣬ϵϢ˿©ǹ޵ѹȴֱĪĵףҶǰ֮˿Ĳ
Ī֮󣬶Էûٴοڣת˷ߵһͭƵˮϣˮʢˮˮ淺һ΢΢ĹΣһ֪
ֶԷʱûԼĪҲûм꣬ôڰϣĵȴš
Ƭ̹֮󣬶ԷתͷŰĪӣĿ˵ת֮ǰλ飿
һ䵭ĻĪӶУȴһը죬˲һ˿ңת£Ȼ˷ˡ
ܿ죬ĪӾ侲ˣͨԼᱻֵԭ
ˣһָ֮󣬱仯Ĵ󣬱ע⵽ʵΪ档
ͨĪӼȵõһ鱦ͬʱָֻԼ飬ͨ߿ʲôǴﵽɾǿߣڹעԼˣӦܹԼ϶Ϣ
λǰûдߴĪӣôĿţȴĪӻش
ĪӴ˿ת磬˼֮£ԼӦش
ĪҲˣһСռУΪʲô羺λԪɣȫô֣¡
һţĪӿڴ֪λشǰ⣡
Ʊ𣿲㣬Ǹǣת֮콭ˮأĪӵĻشλǰɫޱ仯ȴǱһ֡
ǰˡǽƱ磬ֻǴ΢ЩӣһõǰزȱޣӦҲǰ֪κһλ顣Īٴλش
ĪѾͨһЩ£λǿ߽ԼӦöԼûʲô⣬ֻ֪̽һԼǰݡ
˶Է̬ȣĪȻˣӦλشԷ⣬һмɵ¡
ȣһλǿǰ˵ѣһѵ£ĪԼΣԷԼ˵ѣ˵ԭûж£Ҳλǿ߲ã¶ˡ
˼֮ĪӴʵĻش𣬵һЩʵڲ͸¶ģȻҲҪһ¡
΢ͣһ£ĪٴοڵǸд治ǰ䣬Ӧ֮ǰͲ٣ûݳ߹ԣǰӦòʶң
Īȫʵֻ©ʵ
仰λǰҲڳ˱仯΢΢Щ㵣ȻϸĪӣȷĪӲû˵ѣǱЩŹĪӵĿУһĨЦ⡣
δٵ飬˼û뵽㾹ȻôùλǰĪӿ˵
ԷֱĪӲû˵ѣǸ鱲ʱ֮ڻҪңȷһЩ飬ûüûгĻᡣ
ֻĵùûмҲû˵κһͶ̥תϢû뵽վȻһ
Ī΢΢˳飬ȫԸܵԷֻϸһ룬ԼǰǰҲȷǹùģǸʵ磬ѹδһۼ
ע⵽Ī΢΢鶯ǣλǰҲû̫֣ܿЦݣĪӵĿУһĨŹֵɫʼջ֮ȥ
ĪӾãԼټԷºܳһʱ䣬ԷжһĨŹ֮ɫ
ȻܻᱻԷЦһʱ䣬ԼǰݣĪӾãԼӦøױܣϾһûгת飬ȫԿһʵ塣


İһ 
ǰȻЩùܹתͶ̥ʵѾ㹻ˣٺͬ飬Ҵδ˵ܹתͶ̥ģһ
ǰΪ飬δһŰֽΪ壬ѧ˼֮ˣͬλǰĪӣָ˸ղŵƽĪӿ˵
ȻΪˣиĸֵܣжɽĶʦûȨĪӣ飡Īӵͷش
ԷȻָ˸ղŵƽ仰Ҳ;ĪȴԷ֮У͸ղȣһ˿ƣǱ̱̬
ǰĹǰĪӵĻҲܵĪӻ֮еϣﲻˡ
̽ĪǰݣĪӵĻشЩϣȴΪһ𰸣ԭԤڵĴ𰸻Ҫ⣬ĪӸղش⡣
˵仰Īʵûаˮĳɷ֣Ϊת֮ǰǰͲ֪Ѿֻ˶ãԭ鶼ЩѾӦݣȻԼݴͬ
ĵͷǰλǰڵǵҲ֪콭ˮ񵱳е飬޷һЩԺúõ빴ϵĶԹܹƴá
˵Īӵ£λǰᵽǵ
Īԣֻ˵ͷϲûκεı֤
ԼĵӣĪӵȻú빴ϻĶԹ󵽵׻ηչĪȴһѡȨԼԼʦģֻѡվǵ÷ѧġ
ΪʦȻҪΪµڷ絲꣬رǵԼ㹻ʱ
Īӵı֣ǰĹǰҲû˵ʲôûҪĪҪһ֤˽˵ĶԹֻҪ漰İΣЩĸ֣;Բ档
˲֪õǳϣٺãŽ壬ֻҪǣվⲻ˻зοӴǻۼߵ塣
ǰӦˮ񣬽ľйߵˮľ֮ɾԪɾ֮ԼԼĵ·ߣҲԲˮ֮
ǲˮ֮ڳɾͽ֮ǰĵ;ߵķǳ˳֮Σͺ˵ˡĵ·ǰȣٶȻ΢һ㣬ǰ;ȴӿɹۣҲٵĴϸӳԶ
λǰǰͻȻöһ˵һ߽ö͵Īӵǰ
ö֮Уһܹɾ綥ĹȽʺ㣬͸ȥϰһ¡
ԼǰƮŵöĪһĨϲ֮ɫв뵽
ǽɾĸ֣£
Ī֪Լ̹֮ǰλɸֶԼҲǽԼЩһЩ
û뵽ԷֱӸԪɾ֮ϵһʺԼ֣ȻĪѾıضǡԪˮ¼֮еĹżʺԼĹΪοһԪˮ¼еĹżİ
лǰֽͣӹöĪӿٽ뻳УȻ̸л
͵ߵĺôȻ£Ҳ¡
λǰ״΢΢˵ͷȻתͷƳһԼߵͭƵˮ裬üͷ΢΢һ壬Ӷۣһ׹ˮС
ŶԷĶĪĿٴοǸͭƵˮ裬΢΢Źâˮ棬׹û֮󣬲ûнһ˿пʼ̽ǰˮˡ
ĪӴһ˿̽Ŀ⣬λǰ˵ɵһЩɧŶѣ⣡
ĪӵͷŶԷ˿ģаɧҪ֮еƵƽĳ̬ˣ
ĪӵĿ⻹û뿪Ǹͭˮ裬ǰλǰ֪뵽ʲôĪӿ˵ǰ
ĪӶͭˮȷЩ棬仰վǰ˼ھͭˮԼ岽Ҵͣ˽ŲĿͶˮ֮С
ôľ֮£ĪȻûзֱͭˮ裬ʲôƷķܹһλɵֱߣӦòӦһɱɣ
Ƿһâˮ棬ĪӺȻ֮䷢֣ˮеӰȻѪҹΧӰѪҹеľˮɼ
ֻǿ巽򣬾ͱһˣеľ
ĪӶͭˮñˣܹΧͨЩֱӰ쵽ʵһ
ĹãĪӾЩϤϸĿһͭˮ͡
ǰͭˮηǳĹӣϸ۲죬ͻᷢͭˮı棬һЩ̫ԵװΣҲܹͬӡ
ЩЩװӡ̣ɽӰޣЩ£ۣĪӿЩԼЩ飬һǰͭˮһЩơ
ǰЩѧɵͣĪ̽ſ˵
Ī仰λǰĪӣЩ˵Щʶ񻹼ǵÿѧɵˣ֮Ҳˣ
Ҳֻһż϶ģĪǫһ䡣
ѧɣһѾİټѧɣҲһټѧ֮һ
ѧɵǡˡŹ۲֮Ӷռã֮̽㣬Ȼ֪֮С
Īӵѧɵʱ򣬻ĸȤѧɵ˼ϧڿѧɻԾʱڣңټѹѧɲûʢá
ĪӵʱǱżмأѧԭ򣬻ǿѧԼϲ۲̽һЩֵܣմŭĳλָ֣ɵˡ
ѧȻˣѧɵȴһЩѧգͱ칤ѧɣͼ̳һֿѧɸ
վĪǰλǰƺΪĪ˵ѧɵ֣΢һ˿Ȥָǰͭˮ裬Ī˵
Ȼ֪ѧɣҲ֪ѧɵ³ҵȵʱȲȵص֮󣬿ѧɵѾˣռһƬһЩͣǴ˱ǰ
ԷôһͣĪˣͬʱǰλǰ䣬Ҳһµ֡
ͳǰԷϡ
ŲһʵͦģλǰĪ˵
ţһĪҲеЩ⣬ǰĹǰȴֶԷûа㿪Ц˼
԰ɣ˵գҵϾҪΪѪҹصĴбݡǰĹǰ˵


İ ί
Īӽʱ׼һ̸֮󣬼λԪջһЩ֮ǰĵ̸УҲѾһ㡣
Īû뵽һ̸ǰǰ˼Լ£Ȼпһ¡
ǰͭˮ裬Ī߷ڹǰͭˮ֮ŲΣû˿Цĳɷ֣Īвȷ
Ѿɹ˴֣һַԣȻЩ⣬˵ӦòѣվĪǰĹǰ΢΢˰벽ƸĪÿλá
ˣĪӼ״һǰһӿͭˮ裬ʼתڵעС
Īڵ̽ͭˮ裬̱⡣
ĪһѧɵƣԶڰټѧɵıĪӲİ
ǰѧɵͲƬƵģ˰ټѧɱ߷˫ص㣬߻ϵ൱ãλǰ˵Щ⣬Ӧָıˡ
Īȶ񣬿ʼ߶ܣĪ̽룬ͭˮ֮ԭɢŹâˮˮ΢΢һӳеľҲѸٵıˡ
ĪֻԼҰÿǰľȻǸ¥еЩȴֻЩˡ
ԼʶƺͻȻһӽǣСռ֮ϣӸ¸·
ӽǣĪӿĿѪҹؼȫľֻҪ룬ЩǽϵĽʿ·ǽسǵʿѪҹڵˣԼЩ֮еˣĪӶĿڸʲô
ĪӵĿתķ򣬿ȴһƬŨȴ͸ƪ֮£Ӵ塣
ûĪӿʲôĪͻȻһ¶ƬŨ֮УͻȻſһ˫۾ͫһ̺ͫΣնĹâ
һ˲䣬ĪӸоһ⣬ֱԼͬʱһֿ־˳˫۾ҲڴԼʶͼֿ־Լĵס
ֿ־ڽĪʶ֮̾ͱ뵽ĪӾ֮еԪ«סˣûжĪ̫Ӱ졣
ҲʱλǰĪӵĶͬʱһǿĪӵߣֱ˫ͫ
Īţ˲㣡
˲䣬Īӿ˫۾һ׹ɢԼҲһ˳
ĪӸոպվ㿴ͭˮ֮Уһڵף·Ҫˮ֮гһ㡣
ʱһ׹䵽ˮϣṈ̀׹ѹ£Ȼʧˡ

Īغһ˿ǰͭˮ裬תͷһߵĹǰȻŶԷһ
лǰȣ
£û뵽ôûûƤЩΣգλǰҡҡͷ˵
ɾ֮£˸˵㣬ղĽɾǿߣ㲻طϡ
ٹһЩʱգȵ巢ҵפصԪɣʱºѷģȺúϤһ
Īӵ˵ͷλǰԼίΣѡȻܡ
ԭĪӻãԼöԼ£ǱȽΣյ飬²ȥҲⲻҪȥԸǿУû뵽վȻ
ԷԼʵ˵Ƚϰȫͨǰͭˮ裬ԼֱӶˮоʩӰ죬ɾµսȴѽԼϣǰȫı֤
ȻĪӵ뷨Լһѡ֣ղһҪԼϳλǰȴǱ˶ԼֵΣݵһ⣬ĪȻܻܾ⡣
Ī߻СռڣӪ֮Уһţһȵʿˣ̧ͷѪҹϿգĿˮκε
ˣЩƣѾλɸˣߣϴһ֮ЩԽԽˣλʿĿ⿴ŶӪϿʶһȴ
λʿûлͷղŹž޲˫УȴһĨ֮ɫܿͱѹˡ
ʿ壬ѪҹһսлͿ
Ϳ弴һΣʲô뷨⼸Ӧ˵˰ɣҿɲصĸޣͿûʲôӦǵٴͬʱһӰͿ
ӦӰͿȵ΢ɲͣһ£Ȼ󻺻תĿƽˣŶԷ˵
ͳ˧ֻһʧ߶ѣ⣬˵ֻὫʧ֮УʱٹҾͲˣ
վͿģһĺ͵࣬οӴ壬ϴһĻɫۣؿڴ¶¶ëǳŨܣ˼ֿҰ
ս֮µͳ˧һ࣬⮿
˵Ϳ̧ŲߵԷߣȻŲͣ٣ǹһĨЦݣٴ
һһҵ³ǵʱҪңҲû
һ˵꣬ͿŲԷ࣬ȫٺͶԷˡ
ҿɲһһԼĶָɵҲһճΪһֻߵʧߣ׼뿪Ϳ⮿Ƶļ˵
ֻһΣƾ⮿˵ʲôͿûŲȥܿʧҰ֮С
Ϳ뿪֮⮿ղŴһ˿Ƶɫˣվ˵ĸоΪȣ͸ղΪȫˡ
ͿȻй⮿а뵽
֮УǶһѪϵѪ֮УΪ壬ŵĩβ
ڶӡУΪ֮ӦǵĽթǷצˡ
⮿һޣϻ޵ѪЩѪѪɼѪϣȴ˱ںϣе࣬ӵг޵ѪʣԺͶѪ
ѪҲǳթ⮿ȻԵ޹ʵĶͿƣôȫԼԭġ
ս֮ͿҲһսߣͳ˧λãͲ⮿ضͿɡ
⮿λϣͿҲһֱ͸£˼Ϳ޹֮ۿϾҪһսĺŽǣ⮿ɴת·ѡ̬ԴͿ
ܾãͿԼԼͳ˧Ҳûе硣
ͨղŵ̽⮿ӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬Ϳ
һ۶Ӫ⮿ܹܵĴѾ˽׼֮󣬱ӪѾûʱټ̽Ϳˡ


İ 
ʱƣѪҹִսѾԽԽŨˣѪҹصˣЩĽʿ֮⣬ͨߺͰټҵӣҲȽæµΪⳡս׼
缴սŨңȴ˿ûӰ쵽ĪӣΪʱУһֱСռ֮ڡ
λǰίΣĪ֮󣬾ͱԷʱСռУ˵ϤһͭˮĲݣʵüλԪָһĪӡ
֪ĪǰľĪӽݣλԪɵȻûаǣǳָһĪ
мλԪͬʱָ㣬һһλɾǿ߿̣һûᣬĪȻܷŹ
Īӵһֱǳ˳ȹ֣ûʲô̫⣬ϾԼһһЩͬ⻹һЩûͨ⡣
ĪڽһơԪˮ¼֮еҪ񹦷νӣҪùиߵĳɳԣӦԼ
ǣСռЩ죬Īһ㶼û˷ᣬԼ֮⣬ȥ̼λԪɣ඼õһĴ𰸡
һ̼λԪɣĪҲԼոջõŹһҽϸĴĦ
λǰĪӵŹһǴˮейС׺һˮľ˫еСˮľ
ȽĪӵŹ;̶ҪĪеġľ⡷˲١
Ŵˮеġ׺һŵкɰٴ׺ݺǣĪӸеǳ档
ŹӦǾλǰ޸ģһֲʺĵط˸ģ˵ûʲôӰ죬ϸ΢ȴоЩۿۡ
һšˮľŹĪһϲˮľ֮ĪӼаֱӸĪṩһơԪˮ¼;
Ȼ򵥣е֮Īһʱ֮䶼Բ͸𡶲׺ŹҪһ㡣
ĪӾãпλǰԼһְʾڰиԼӦѡ
ȻϣԼԼˮľ֮ᶨԼĵ·ΪݶԼޣ׷һʱ֮ѡһŴˮеĹ
˵ĵ;ѡվڸԼԼǽɾǰҲûжĪָֻŵ˵Ӧѡĵ·ʾķʽ
ϰ֮ĪȥҼλԪɽĴøˣλԪɶ֣Īʵ⣬֮ǰ˵ָ˲٣в⣬βŻӴĶĪھѾоЩˡ
뵽Īǰݣֻо̾ʣǿɱȵġ
ͷ֮󣬼λԪɶԴĪ⣬̬ȱøˣһҲ׼⣬ĪȥҹǰһȥָĪӵĹУλԪɵҲһЩջ
Сռ֮УĪڸ¥ڣһȫעп¼ϢʱʱҲͣ˼һ¡
֮ĪͻȻе£ֱӣԭƽ˲Цݡ
һ£֮ǰĻۣġľԪͼġԪˮ¼ܹνˣͷһеĪϵЦݱøŨˡ
֮ͨǰ÷۾ͿʼŬʱ伸λԪɵָ㣬ΪοĪӳνӡ
еУ¼ʱѸֲ뻯ΪʵḶ́ϰ߻ӿʼơľԪʱʼеģĪȻš
ŹƣĪӶԼżһŵУñǰˣΪ㲻֪ʲôʱЩƻĵУͻһһʱ⡣
еĪ΢ƽһ飬óǸšˮľⲿ򣬿ʼеݡ
ⲿǳԴʱĪÿһβϰԼջóĦ
⣬ĪӷŹȻֻɾĶ壬ݣӦЩȱδ֣̽ĪӶⲿˡ
ĪϰеĹȴͻȻһĪת˸¥Ķ¥
Ӽǰ¥ǰĹǰĪ̶һ
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°ɣλǰĪӵͷʾĪͭˮǰ档
Īԣߵͭˮǰ棬ûü£ͿͭˮӳĻ档
ѪҹصһؿŨѪɷ𣬽ӳյһƬͨ졣
ӪĶ棬ӪƬŨƣѪɷĺɫμĪӷ֣ӪϷƣƺ֮ǰϡһЩ
ҪĪڷʣǰ͵ĴѾʼˣսϾҪʼʹɣ
仰Ī̵ͷĿ⿴ͭˮ裬ϸӪǱߡ
֮ǰŨܵڵĪӶӪߵѿ󳷣ֵķΧҲƣĪҪûһЩɻǿúʡ
֮ĪӲûиеʧֻЩŹˡ
ӪԶнɾĸ򣬱˴֮䵱ȻȱٷԷӵֶΣ󳷣ԭӪ֮ճЩطȴɱĸš
ĪӲ֪ǹʲ󣬻ӪزʲôֶΣҪǰ߻ãǺߵĻЩŪɳ׾ˣ
ͭˮĻУӪϷƿٵźƣѪҹطһӽʿ˳ǰСĵûмǰƽ
һЩ칤ѧɵĵӳ˾ӵǰŸ칤ѧɵʼٵӪӽȻҲԭӪ֮У᲻ʲô֡
Щ칤ѧɵӽԭӪĪӿ֮УƬӪ֮ȻȼһƬīɫĻ棬Ϊ칤ѧѧӷųĻȫһƬҽ
ǲЩ̫ˣ
ĺֱĪӴ˿зһ˿ʣµĺ֣Ӧòô׾ƽģҪôױĻǲڰ׷
Ⱥ칤ѧɵѧӣ˿ҲźĪͬĹǣڵһﱻīɫĻճɻҽ֮󣬵ȵʧַų˵ڶ⣬ٴδһЩ֡
һųûдʲô֣ȴ˸Ҵ⣬ֶ̽ţ׼ûʲô©ûбĲá
̽칤ѧѧӣûгľӣĪ˼ʼ⡣
ʲӰʿʱ䣬ֻߣı


İ 
Ϊⳡս׼ãȻ̽Ѫҹصϸ׼ҲͬҲ˲Ӧ׼
սδʼѡ˺󳷣ӪΧ֣һĴεȻұ֤ǰӪ֮еĺֶѾɾˡ
ֹһĪӿͭˮĻУ칤ѧɵѧڲȷ˰ȫ󷽴֮УʼɳСӳ򣬽ԭӪء
Сĵ̽Ӫ֮УΧ˵ע£СĶֿٵƬӪĴС
ͻȻ֮䣬һһƬյʱӰͻȻķֳ룬°ڼǰܣϰȴ˵ϣͷ·һ˲䱻һεпһ㡣
ţһŲһطʱͻȻŲУûüκε˲˶
ͬĲ״Ĵеĳֹͣ˼ǰѡ˿ٺ󳷡
س˵ʱ򣬾ǵߣƾճ˼īɫţٵײǵϣīɫŰ˲仯˻ҽ
ĪüͷŻļ򣬷Ӫ֮еĲãҪԼ֮еĸӣ岼ЩֶΣӦҲ˲СĹ
׼巢ĴȻΪӪزõЩֶΣͱ
ЩãҲ޷֤е׻жֶûдҲѡȥ̤һ·򵥵ƾ֮Ǳǿǿѹһȫͨ
һѪѪҹصһؿ⣬ӴľӣھӵǰУɢűɱġѪĺġ
վڴǰһѳսˣʬɽѪ֮߳ɱĿĮȻĿǰ

һ´ĽŲǰͬʱĴҲˢˢǰ˽Ų
һŨѪɷ£֧Ϸ
䣡
Ųصһ̣羪ը죬ҵǰƬӪ֮УǷ·ɽһ㣬һε¶Ϸ
һƬīɫĻٴƬӪأ֮УһƬīɫų֣һ㣬߳
ĽŲǰҲûͣ£ڴΧѪɷȴѾӭЩīɫţѪɷĳˢ֮ɢ
ӪеĻȼգĺĽʿԴ˻޶һ㣬ûκԥ̤ƬīɫĻ֮С
籼һĽŲУÿǰһǰĻ𺣱ԶϨ𣬸Ĵÿ·
ŴǰĪӸоʿʼǣɢѪɷҲøŨˡ
ǧ׵ã󣡡ĵĴʿĪǰ仰ŵΪߵϣٺʲˡ
һǿͳ˧Ĵ£Ǹո¾Ҳܱţӳϱʵһλǿͳ˧Ҫԡ
ĪӿͭˮеĻ棬и̾ͳ˧ҪԵʱͻȻһɫ΢΢һ䡣
ʱĪӶβͭˮ裬ѾȽϤˣоѾ׼ˣĿǴŴǰеġ
ĪܹоĹǰȻֵĸ磬ĪӸӦ˲䣬һ׹Ѿͭˮ֮УסԪɵĹ
ţĪӾͭˮеĻӪϷ˼ʸޣӦþԪս
⼸ֳ֮󣬷羺ˣҲͭˮĻ
Ī̧ͷһ۶ĹǰԷĿҲע
ͿˣĴ󵨵ûܹӰ쵽㣡ǰĪһ䣬Īӻشα˲ʧˡ
ĪӵͷͭˮеĻ棬ֻУǰӰѾ弸λԪɵߡ
ҲΪѾ˲֪ٴΣ˫֮ѾĬԪɾĸֳֵĵһʱ䣬ѹû˵һϻ˴˱ǳĬķʣȥǵսսˡ
ġѪĺпһۣȻջԼĿ⣬Ŵǰ֮䣬Ӳ̤һȫĵ·
λԪɾϵĸ֣ǵս֮ϣĵսǰ
ͭˮӳĻ棬Īһʼתڵ̽ǰͭˮ֮УˣĪԼˡ
СռвĪȫõԼʲôΣգ¼λפصԪɣѾȥɽսˣڰУĸֶߣע߾Ƶķչ
ǿܲ³սȴǣסзĸ߲֮Ԫɾϵս뵽ⳡս֮С
ԪɾµսͲǣƵķΧ֮ˣҪѪҹǰ׼Ƿ֣ĪܲڹؼʱЩء
󳷣õЩ֡ǳĶ࣬ĴŴһ·ǰУһ·ѹķʽųЩ壬ȻЧǳҲʿ磬ҲͬС
ʿƽһ֮Ҳһ˿ƣ̬ʱ򣬴ѾӽµӪǰûټǰƽǿʼŴ󳷡
ѪҹطһսĿģΪڹ˧ж׷֮ǰΪһݺⳡսͳ˧ѪĺģǡԶѾٳһȫĵ·ҪԶˡ
û⣬ⳡսλ˧ѪҹΪսһѪҹ£λ˧ĵǲΪ⿰ƴһһԲľš
Ĵ󳷣ѾĲԶӪߣͳ˧⮿һĨԥ֮ɫԼҪҪʱͷ
Щԥ֮ʣվԣһĸĵŮһֽεε˵⮿˧ͿѾԸˣڻֵʱ򣬵ȵԶǸϼһˣٳֲ٣
ĸĵŮһ˵ţһë׵Ĵβͻİڶţ˿Ϊˡ
⮿ȴûбǰŮɫԻиŭǰһץ⮿ֱסǰŮĲӣȫû˿ϧ˼
ͿڵĶʲô⮿ʵһ˵һ߷˱仯һŴһë׵ݣ˵¶ĿŷԵ
סӵŮһĨ֮ɫܿ侲欵ϼЦ˵
µô֪ѾԸˣ⮿ֻҪ˵һξһܹսʤ壬һ֮
㣬ͿģŮ䣬ǰ⮿еּ˼֣ŲѪĹâʵ
Ůע⮿˫ۣ˫۾֮У˺εĲбɱ⣬ǿЦݣһʱЩӲˡ


İ 
⮿ץסӵŮϵЦѾ׵ı˾֣ȫû뵽⮿Ȼôϣû˿ԥľɱ֡
Ů΢΢鴤ţоԼڵѪҺڵڿٵ뿪壬ûһѪ֮С
⮿̧ͷһϣĿŷ촽ϣմһЩʺѪҺϵëҲմȾ˲Ѫ
ѾʧȥŮ⮿˫Ŀ֮лָ˱֮ɫŮɿ˵ϡ
Ů֮ڵһ˿Ҳ֮ɢˣԭ޵Ӱ˲ͳ˱仯һֻ峤ףëʻҺɫκͺƵޡ
Ϳ⮿һ۵Ůʬ壬һ»ָǸֿݣ֮ٴһĨŭ⡣
⮿ڵĸоȻͳ˧ȴͿһӡ
Ϳǰߵʱ䣬ҪĶ֮࣬еͳ˧Ҫߣϴδսʧͳ˧λҲֲ
ͿʧУ֪δֻһʧ⮿˷ŭͿһʧģߣһ
ۿǰȴͻȻʧ˴룬һͳ˧֪¡
⮿ھԼͳ˧ѹһЦһͿһʧļλԪɾǿ߱ضǷˣȴѡ˺ͿһԼ
ЩԪ֮Уһλһһλ档
ţ⮿ŭԽԽʢȴǿԼ侲Ϊʱ򣬷ŭ⣬Ҳ̶Ϳչ
ҪģǱҪ侲ʣµһеֻţֻһϵͳ˧ʱҲҪԼΣٵ³ǼΪϿ𷣡
뵽Щ⮿жʱеӱˣǿѹµŭҲһЩӿơ
Сռĸ¥֮УĪڵӽǣѪҹصϿգ·ľʱʩӰ·
ĪӿԭɱģŴ»صѪҹصһؿǰȻվһѪһ֧ӴĴڡԶĴ£˵һؿ֮⡣
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Զֵһ˲䣬ǰĴͬʱһ춯صĴ󺰣
վڴǰԶĿɨЩĴһĨʪ촽ţƺҪ˵ʲôȴտ˺ûн˵ڡ
λϽתԼĴԼѪҹصĳǽҽ΢΢󳷣ϥһ䣬ϥ˵ϡ
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Զˢˢĵϥأһ̣ȫţĴۿЩ죬ĪӵӽǣܹĿ彫ʿûסˮն
еĽʿ֪λսһ˧һδŴԻͼĻܹ˴ᣡ
˫ҲЩ죬ܵӰ첢Ϊͳ˧ܱ̫ҡ
Զվаڵص彫ʿҲͬʱˢˢ
ٴתǰλų嵱ǿҴҵ˧ϵһ˲䷢˷츲صı仯˫ۣ˿̾ʵĵ棬˲ֱӣǹͨεĴսǿɱҲЩѷɫ
ΧѪɷڴϷ۳һ˶ս죬սһдһ֣һ棬һҡ֣
սս·һ˼ʮս죬һҫ۵Ѫ⣬Զǰ˽Ų
ʤʤʤ
Զһ̣شٴηĴ󺰣ΪԶһս׳С
˶սЧӳ£ٶȷɿ죬Ÿղٳĵ·ɿӪӽ
ĪӿֿӪƺͬ˽ս׼һĸߴϴһ۵סĪӵĿ⣬رеıر
һͷǳŵЩǼɱ֮ͬŰ߰ߵѪӦͬļ֮Ƶķ
Ǹαͺܸߴټοŵһɱ뺷ֲϢ
ڸ¥֮УĪһֲΪָԼ˫ĿֱʩչӪĺ󷽡
ԪɶѾ뿪ˣ߷ֶֹ̽ΣҲЩиĪԣԼܲܿ󷽲õʵ
Īϵв࣬ûܳʲôصۣĿ֮һЩõսƷУȴһЩǶеĵãĪоЩĹУȻҲѧǵЩгɹ
ʩչ֮Ӫ󷽵ŨƣȻɺѿ͸ĪĿȴԼ֮俴һЩ
֮µģһĳǹأ彻սôãѧġ
ԽѪҹؾݹضأȻҲѧϰŵ㣬ؿ̷ߡ
ûĪӿǹ֮еľǰٴαЩģһʼֹĪӵĿ̽
ѪҹصϿգĪӷֳԼ֮⣬ƺֶһ˫۾ͬҲע·ǹֹԼ̽˫۾
¥֮еĪִһ⣬ǰͭˮ֮УһŶԷ˽
ѪҹصϿգһƾճ֣Ÿ߿ȥûбκ谭ֱӱ˸ߴ
ҲԼȫûдԷĪҲûκεʧԼǰͭˮһλԼеͬޣҲкͭˮƵıɡ
Īȳ֣Ȼȫû˺ԷǹʶƺҲԸԿԥҲһīɫ
ٴδһ⣬ǵīɫײһײһ£ĪӺͶԷµĿ˱˴˵ʵ
ʵ΢֮£Īͷ¶һĨŵЦݡ
Էʵ±𵱳ĺ棬Ҳ˿ѷɫѾɹֵĪӣʵȴҪĪӲһ㡣
Ӫĺ󷽣ͬһƬСռ֮ڣһ֮дһ˿̬Ůǰһ״СŨɳ̣һĨ֮ɫ
û뵽ѪҹԪɾǿ֮£Ȼô֣ԼҪǿһߡ
ȻЩأûие̫ѹΪ˴˼ʵȻһЩ࣬ɻûе޷ֲĳ̶ȣֻҪǣסԷҲûа취սϷӶãӰ쵽յĽ
Īߣеһ̽ոսӪǰһɽӵս
ɱ
һս𷢶Ӫ֮䣬رһĹ֣һɼˣɳʯ籼ĺˮһ㣬Ӫкȥ
ģǳѪɷһƬɫĺˣӿӪǰ


İ ս
һսⳡս׵Ļ
ӪϷŨƣֵĲ£Ӫǰסһսֺ纣˰Ѫɷײһ
ɫѪɷīɫһݵģμĶԿֽ̼֮һ
ͨĪӽǣĿղѪɷĽУƬɵķ΢Щ·磬ȫһѪҹؿսƾС
䣡
Ųǰ̤ڴϣƵײͬʱӪĺ󷽣һƿļ꣬Ӫȥ
Ƭ֮УһЩΪִļʸǾ߱ɱ֡
ŷƬ꣬⮿Ŀ˸Ų̵Ĺâʱ򣬲Ϳʲô⣬ҪģǵֵסĴֻܹ𷣡
Ϳһ룬Ȼһǹأس飬ͲóģǸóǽ
սǶһһ͸ӲȥɵɵسˣսһһʿҲͨһսһ
ܹԶôڻӾ󳷣ӦҲܵ𷣣⮿ͷٴۣ赲ʸµƣкȻðһͷ
ͷͷ֮Уһ޴ļʸסЯǿȴݵƿƵķýļʸ£һֱ⮿ͷ
ʸҪ䵽⮿ͷʱ⮿˲֣ʸ߬ġ
ʸ⮿ֿݣ˲ͱһ˫Ŀ֮вѪ֮ɫŨĿӪǰԶ
ɱ
⮿һֳƵ˻³һ֣ѹֱ֣̺ŭͷ·ǱŭҰޣһ˻
³֮⮿ֱ΢΢󳷣еļʸȻ䱻˦˳ȥʸַɳһ˲䣬ֱӻһī̵Ĺ⣬Ѹײڶٶȣмľ룬ֱӹǰԶ

һײʸԶеĳǹʸֱӱײˣԶеĳǹȴȵץУûһ¡
ӪϷСɽ߸ߵĴޣҲͬһʱڿգӪһ
ϵ壬Ҳͬʱ˽ʮֻӴޣӪܶȥһ֮߱䣬һƾһɾԵͶһЩ
󣬴屼ڶǰ֮ʱ˻
Щ壬û˿ĻţԶµ佫ǸԶܾõĽ죬ϵͼΪĬҪԶǾ֪Լʲô
佫ǰµĽʿٵǰ˳棬󷽵ҲͬʱɢһЩǿսеרŶԸɽɽʼࡣ
սϷʮƮս죬ͬʱʼ˹ԣս佫Ѿǵս½ʿս
·սʱ꣬ĪٴοѪҹսĲҳ棬ͷ·һŰֽϣͬʱɫϣֻһ˲䣬ԭһŰֽȾҵɫʡ
ųɫâ彫ʿĴ̱ӵһ˲䣬һ𣬲пɱ㿪ʼˡ
統꿴ĳһͬôĲѪȣΨһЩͬģⳡսĹģĪӸоǰһƺûǰôࡣ
սһ𣬶̶ʱ䣬һɴ̱ǵѪζѾսˣģȻҲ彫ʿġ
ԶĿ⿴ǰеĳǹһΧѪɷһ˲串еĽʿǻһѪӰɿսǰȥĿֱָӪ֮еͳ˧⮿
ɿѪӰ⮿˻һһȺңԳһ޷˻ǰȥ
Īӿޣо޺ԳĲܾͬǷצˡ
Щޱ֮䣬Ƿצа׳ͺǷ䵶һ㣬ܶĵϣĿצµץۡ
⮿һɫͿŵҲٵܶڱ֮ʱٵķ˱仯ָޱ壬һֻǧ׸ߣë·һޡ
𣡡
һŭѪӰеǰЩޣֳԭ͵⮿ײһ
һƵıײѪӰ˲仯һѪ⣬ţʩչ˾֮ͬӽǧ׵Զ⮿ǰ
ͳ˧̱ӣ߶ûκεԥڵһײ֮ѸٵĻűУŶԷ˽
⮿е˿ǲ۲۵ԶʱһصĺХͷ·ǹֵĵ
ɵƴһԶʱԶеĳǹȻзһֹǣƴһ䵽Ӵ
䣡
޴ҵԶ࣬ҵĵݺݵһ£ӳһɼѺۣԶȴһ£еĳǹѸĴ⮿ʺ
ĪӿһĻɵи̾ΪսһǿҵԶʵ顣
ĺպսͳ֮˵ʵҲѾһֲĳ̶ȣսĥսͲһ⮿֮ģ˲ͽѹסˡ
ۿԶһǹҪ⮿ʺ⮿ȴͻȻͷŴѪڣҧס˼̴ʺĳǹ
ֵóƵĵط֮һ޵צ֮´ǿĳǹ⮿Ѫڵҧ֮£ȻҲסˡ
Զоâһеĳǹϣ˲串һѪ⣬ѪɫĹâǹը⮿ӴȻ䵹ˣ˶ͷ­һƫһѪշ
Ѫһ˿ڣֻһСˣȸղԵΣգС˸ʲô
ڵϵٴ⮿ճһֻ֣ȻץԶͷ­צϣҫһɫĹâ
ԶһѪɷгǹȻһ̧óǹǹײһǸ޴ûԷ̧𣬷ǸһȻٵķתǹͷ⮿ץԼͷ­ֻ֡
ʱĪͻȻоλԼͬ޿ʼˣԷĿԶҪʩչһЩֶΡ
ĪܹöԷ⣬ڶԷֵĵһʱ̣Īӱ㿪ʼ
һͳ˧ǱԶѹţƾλϽʵҪ˶ãͻĽͳ˧ˣ޷һٵ춨ʤҲⳡսʤƽб


İ ˧
ѪҹصϿգһɫâһīɫײһڿбſΧһȦˡ
ţǽӶɫâīɫײȻϢ˴ײɫʣǸյ׺һЩɫ
ӪСռڣŮ΢΢һüͷǰɳ̣ر·Ѿȫ·⮿вɵðһ

λԼеεĸ֣ʵҪǿԭֲֻӵĻȽԼҪӰƣǾЩˡ
ҪӰƵԭ򣬻Ϊ·ͳ˧⮿ʵԶ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ȥò˶ٸغϣ⮿ͻᱻԶܣˣȻ⮿ʧѾעˣȴʧܵô죬ûġ
ߵŮСռڵĪӣ˿̾Ҫɺܶ࣬ԶʵĪʱҪЩʲôֻҪ֤սֲӰԡ
·Զǹ̴λͳ˧ƣԾԵʵλͳ˧ѾȫսĽࡣ
еĳǹһѪɫĹԣһ˳ǹУͷ··׷ɵǹ֮⮿ֻƣмܣˣϻǹһ˺ۡ
⮿ԶĹ֮УǱӦţеֱŭѾ˫۽ıīɫ
ͿŵԶս£սֲĶʱ˵һ͹ÿһλ裬ᱻڰ;ʹϣֱŭУܵļ
ڣԶгǹǹ⣬ٴĴʱ⮿Ѿױīɫ˫У׺ݲб֮ɫ۵һ¡
ûѡһιǰȥԼ򴦣ӭ˳ǹǹ⡣
Ѫɫĳǹһɹᴩƣƿ⮿͵ֱ֮Ӵ̴ļ
ǹ͸һ̣ǹϻһ˳Ʒɳ;һ̴һ塣
𣡡⮿˻һһīɫһǰԶ
ͬʱȫ˼ϵĳǹǿǹʹ͵ǰˣ˵ֻצӣҲԥٴץԶ
Զսǳḻ⮿ִ򷨣Ȼ֪Էʲô⣬׼˻ˣַͨʽˡ
Զִ򷨵ʱ΢˼һ£ѡɵĺ󳷡
Զʣ޶࣬Ѿ;ƿˣζ巢ĴսΪһλͳ˧һսȫ֮飬±ҲֻḯˣοԷδ˵ĵ
ԣ⮿һ˻˵Ĵ򷨣Զк޾ɫǳս⣬Էģһս˵նɱһͳ˧
еĳǹԶȻһԭϣ԰׵ͷͺ룬һ޷Զһ˫ĿҲóһƬǹ˵ֱۣһ˲һȦ
ԶʼȫԼѾһʱ䣬ûսнԼӵˣһΪѾϵĸĶ֣ûܽƵ߶µĳ̶ȡ
𣡡
һս𷢶ǹһսǿɢͬʱԶǹ֣Ȼ̧гǹ⮿ӴӲڿлһԲȻݺݵҵ˵ϡ
һҵ⮿Ӵһ˵УԭҪԶĹΡ
⮿ļƴҪԶȴȻ׵ѹƣսϣͳ˧潻֮УսԼţҲɨˡ
⮿ٷŭҲⲻڰľ棬ԶеĳǹϣѪɫĹ⻪Ȼ·ǹңԶתǹѪɫ⻪Ҳǹ˵תһһ㣬˳ǹı档
ĽǴ⮿еĳǹ˿ڴѪɫȻɢǸԭ̫ص˿ѸٵȻԶ˳һڳǹ⮿һ̣˳㽫һֱֻ۳˺
һֱֻ۱ӲĴӼ˺£ʹ֮У⮿ҧסˣûзʹĺǳᣬʣµһֱֻۣԶ
һԶ޷ˣһж𴦣ҲȫҪô
гǹٵķתǹϷ浲סһҡ

һײԶסһµĵ棬ȴΪһǿһء
ڵһ֮˫ĿԶгǹٴηһǹأѸٵĽǰǹһѪɫâһѪɫһ㣬ֱ⮿ؿڡ
⮿оһǹķâе̱ǰ
һ̣ǹ⮿еǹЯǹǿֱӴ뵽֮УЩ͸
ûе⮿ңһ㳹׹ᴩе󴩹š
֮˸źâǹ⣬Ҳйᴩֱؿڡ
һ̣⮿ǻŭͱƵȫһˮˣܵһвôȥпԶ
⮿ѾǵһμԶˣսϣҲһЩֶκԶк潻֣⻹ǵһΡ
֪Զǳ⮿ԼҲģȫû뵽Ѿߵͷ壬Ȼǿ̶ֳȡ
ˣȻ͵ˣв£⮿˿Ѿû˶ս⣬ģֻԼԱ
⮿ſеԶһٵĺˣһξ֮û˿ԥתӪ󷽳ˡ
ʱԶ׵ѣгǹǰһӣԲεѪɫУ⮿նȥĽŲҲԥĸȥ
ڳ˵⮿ܵԼĹٶȻּӿһ֣ԶնļѪɫУ׾ٵĶˣֱԶһξ룬ǰ̳һǹʱ⮿ſٵתצٵĻ䣬ֵһȻ˻Ӫ
ͳ˧룬ʣµЩȻҲû취սʿ˲併㣬ɱ۵֮⣬Ķٵ׿ԼĶ֣Ӫˡ
ʱЩѾûս⣬׼˵壬Ľʿսʱ
Զµ佫£ھĿսܶ
ԶͿѾصӪ֮еͿûֹͣս˵ɱһֱ̼Ŀѡ
նɱԶŭͿ⮿͸еȫķŭˣͿôҲܰܵôҡ


İ 
Сռĸ¥֮УĪӶǰͭˮ裬ٵʩչǣŶλ
ⳡսһ潻棬ȻⷽʤˣնɱЩ׼ӻӪ
λҪָսȻһЩ壬ĪֹŶԷֶΣҲͬʱʩչֶΣս
ĪʵҪ߹ԷսܻҪ߹ԷֹһλŮջЩ͹Īӵʵ
Ӫǰս˿̵ɱѾβ嵹ʧȥϢҲֹͣɱ¾
ԶųǹĿ⻷һսصĲ֫ϱۣгױɫѪҺȾ͸սԶһĨ֮ɫ
صĲ֫ϱۣͳױѪҺȾ͸սУ彫ʿӰ
սǱⲻ˻ԶѾǵãսսѣ;˶ԭѾˣĲ
һ̣ǰ˾ռߵս棬ȴԶٴһ˿ôһ˿̡
ˣȻˣҲȥˣԶܿԼͷȴ
ȻгһЩԶϾһλսһϽ֪ԼӦʲôҲ֪ԼӦóԼϡ
ջԼĿ⣬Զ̧ͷһգղžע⵽еĶҲ˰һЩڰż
ԶȻ֪ô£ڼλṩˣҲǳĸл
ѪҹΪⳡսʤ׼ôʱ䣬ԼֻǴӮ潻ĵһ̣ҪĳǹأռĽܹƵһʤ
Զµ佫彫ʿжԶ󣬵ȴͳ˧´
ԶҲû˿ԥ彫ʿԸ
ؽǹأɱ
ɱ
е彫ʿԶµһ̣һսǰӪƬƣ¶ֵǹء
սʿովһĵ٣ΪʤһرǼͳ˧ԾԵսʤ˵зͳ˧ȡһѹԵʤеĽʿڶ񿺷ܣʿʱ
һս֮ǰһıƽĳǹأŨѪɷ˵ͷϷ۳һƬѪɷɵļ꣬ǹط˽
ǰȥԮ֣Ϲеټҵӳ˵ĽʿѪҹصĵһߣĶߵĸ
ǰսĺɱѾֹͣˣǳѪɷѾ֤ʤһȻʿ˵Ľʿ˳ϸĹеΪԶṩ
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ߵĸǰȥ׼ԶǰսЩѪҹصĽʿҲʱ˳׼ͬҲڷгϵĺ֡
Сռĸ¥УĴٴηĪҲʩæȻλڲĪӣȻҲ޷ȫסĪӵĸ֮Ĳ࣬Ѿǳİǰˡ
ӪϿգһʣ°صľ޴ˮֱ˽·֮У˺ƵķСһЩˮû£ͱһīɫĹסˣû˵·塣
һ£ȴһЩе΢ЩţԭĽͻȻͷϷҲ¹Ǹܹš
֮УŷǿΪĶɣԼҵͳ˧ղѾͳ˧ˣʿӵˡ
⮿˿ѾָΣղűǿ˺µֱۣڻûȫָֻ˿Ѿᣬ޴ˡ
岻سǣǶһȴòسǹأͼԴĽŲ
⮿վڳǹϣǰ಻ļ꣬Žµĳǹش𶯸УһƬ
ԼµǹأһЩسǵֶûзĴ֮£ҲŲ̫á
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ߴĪӿ÷ǳǴӵģĶһ޴ͷǹɶǴͷġ
ڶ£ռλã涼һƬɫҷһ̡ĸʴܿ͸ʴһӶⶾ֮ǿ
ӵģֻһͷѣĸ˶ͷ­һ޴׻ͷ­ͷ֮³һƬ𺣣һƷ޵ͷ­ɵĿ硣
һֵͷ­ڱȶǳСֻһ˫۾ռͷ­λõͷ­˫ɢһƬ⡣
⼸޵ͷ­ǹصһЩصֶΣͷ­ֶƣĳǹΪһ壬ƽＸͷ­֮£ֻҪоӽһķΧͷ­ͻ
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ԭһ赲סԶѾóɢٴη׼ɿͷַӦȴǾһǰգһ˳ɫĳǹУٵ׳ĿֱָǸͷ
ͷԷķӦɵҲݣⶼԶһûᣬɵĴͷ
Ѫɫĳǹ磬ַɳɲǣѾöͷ֮ǰ˲ûͷС
һ룬Ǹ¶ľ޴ͷȻ䱬ըѪɢɽīɫѪҺ䵽ΧڵϸʴһĿӶ


İ 
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Ȼûָƾ⼸ף͵סĽŲ⮿Ҳϣƾ⼸׵ܹһЩʵһЩسǵѹܹ³ͷѾ飬ʣµв
ĴΧʼתѪɷ⮿ֻóǹ֮е壬ȫʩչֶι
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ΧѪɷԶĲ·Ϊɣǰĵ棬һѪɷ̿ϵܻ˲Ϩ
һѪɷһ㣬ΧΧתƾЮŻ棬Ҳ޷ͻһͬưѪɷѪɷ֮бĥϨ
ڴͷϷļѪɷ֯һ𣬾Ȼ·һƬƬһ㣬һתѪɫϷսɢĹԣŴϡ
ɱ
սضɽҡҲǹ֮еľµ̳ǹأûи̫İȫУվڳǹϵͳ˧⮿Ҳǰġ
ٸӰСռĸ¥УĪͷֳԪ««ŵǹˮûǰͭˮ֮С
ǰͭˮ֮еĽƣĪԪ«֮УʮѾݻһּ֣ߡ
СռһöǺˣ߱Ũǳ֮ĪЩСռЩǳ֮Ԫ«֮е˲ٵˮ鱦ԽԽƣѾǵɱȣÿܵˮֶ˲١
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ĪڵӽǣҲʱûзĺģҲֻǾܵİȡøơ
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⮿̧ͷһϷѾüΪˣԼܷסǹأû˰ϣ
ԭǿ֧Ԯֻİ֧ԮϵӰ쵽ս֣⻹ܹصס
ԶҲע⵽ǲī̹棬һſ񱩵ǳ֮ȻŹûᣬгǹǰһ̣ǹ⴦һѪֱǰ䵽˹ϡ
Ҳһ˲øˣͷϷѪɷɵѪɫҲѸٵƮ䵽ǰתĻ·һ㣬Ϲһī̵Ĺ֡
ڸ£ī̵ĹֹâڱðȻ΢΢˸˼£׵ʧˡ
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ʣµ֮УвĲǿ¿ף˫Źâûжɱס
Զϵޣһ֮Уǳϡ٣Ѿ˵ޣ˸ͫ
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ܾҲսƷһ֣Զڴ׵ʱصû˵˫۾
˸ͫ˫ۿǼõϣһЩľķ˸ͫ˫ƵģҲΪԭڲż˰ɣ
ڴ˸֮ͫʣµ޵ףҲܿ챻Զµ佫ˣ֮УǹϵȻϷҪжȴûжá
īɫĹֱˣĸ޴Ҳ飬ǰǹصķѾ˴룬ǹĳǹˡ
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Ȼֵù࣬Ϊ⼸ùģȴЩ޲òעͷϾ˭ϣԼͷҲһˮڣΪһù
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ǹ֮еЩ壬һҲ˳ǹأֳ֮ǿֵ͹
⮿벻ԶԶѾ˺Զٴνս׼ȵǹرƵһ̣ͱλͳ˧ٴ潻棬ǸʱӦҲսʱˡ
ʱѪҹسԮҲѾִս󷽣ЯŹе彫ʿֱӲٿ𹥳еһκܳľ㷢˹
ֻ׳ľ޴ʸĺ󷽣żƿ䵽ǹصĳǽϡ
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ڵһе֮󣬽űǵڶǰҹĳǹϣڱһȱڡ
ųǽֵȱڣԶʿ䣬嵽ȱǰҪסȱڵնɱȱƽ
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ĳǹأˣ


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ǹصĳǽϳ˵ڶȱڵʱ⮿֪ǰǹس׵ıˣЩǹڵԵֵסӿ
һ̣⮿Ѿս׼ЩĴ󳷣ԸЩһսҲҪǣͿ
ӪϷĪӻںͶλȴûм·Ѿ˳ǹأ˴˾һѾûбҪٳˡ
ĳǹƿȱ֮󷽵ĹеΧҲȱڵΧҪȱ󣬳״ݻǹء
һ޴ļʸĹ£ȱԽԽ󣬺󷽵ǹڵҲԽԽࡣ
⮿͵ĻһԼצǰһ佫ͼԼеıи񵲣⮿צ£еıбץϣϵļҲ޷
צ佫ͬеıУֱӱն
⮿նɱ˵ǰ佫ûüջƣһѪֱӴüģһɶյҪնɱ
⮿צһӣͬʱ෽֮յĶ㿪һȻվǰץȥ
ӭצģһ˸źâĳǹǹ۵һ㺮â⮿һצײһ

һײ֮⮿ǹײһǸצڳǹ̺ľ޴£⮿ơ
ǸƵצƻһ䵶⮿գǸצĩβ⮿ϻѪѪζצӲıġ
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ǰͨ죬˫ĿһƬѪͬħһԶ⮿ѡ˿ٵĺˣʧȥֱֻˣƴĻᶼûˡ
Զһ⺬ŭ֣ΪղſԼ£ǰͳ˧նɱһĻ
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Զûнǰǳǹ󳷣һֻųǹһֻץ۳һѪɫǹǰͶȥţеĳǹҲͶ
һѪ䣬⮿צ䵲סǽĳǹȴֵǹضɳϰԶȻ˵ϡ
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Ѫ⮿֮ͫвϵķŴȻоһʹ߷ת˼£˫ۿԼ壬ֻͷ­Ѿˡ
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ǿͷ­ѾˣȴȻûг׵ʧȥ˫ȺֱۻţѪҺҲûдȻԾ
սǹԶǹٴδ̳׵ĶϾŽµָԭΣԶŰγеĳǹ
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Ϊͳ˧ԶӦĪӸ죬ڹâһ̣Զ̲ΧѪɷѪɫâȫ׼ٶȺ󳷡
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ѪɫĹâյǽͱīɫĹâͷѪɷ۵ɿתţͼ˺īɫĹ֣е佫ԶڣҲٴη˾ȫ赲ǰ谭
佫Ȼͣ岼µĺ֣Ļ׾ѡ
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ⲢĳСռǰУƾռֶΣֱӽЩ崫͵λõġ
׼֪ͨƽִ֣ѪҹصһؿڣĿƾճֵЩ壬̶ߵĸԸ
ѪҹôˣĶ֮УֵԼɵĶ֣ҲȻҲܹЩƾճֵ壬Ǳÿռֶ͹ģܹһ壬ĵһ뵽ľͿҲԴ֮ɵһ塣
ԷеǼɱɽɽ֮Ϊ磬ȻûۼʶǼɱԶУҲ֪ǼɱЩǰһսıգһ֣ŻΣ֡
ȻܼɵͿеɱɽΪ͸ҪͿҿĵơ
ѪɫâһٴδĽʿѪҹ֮ǰֱӻһٶȷɿѪӰЩֵĵطɱȥ


İһʮһ ׼
ĴµĽʿѪӰ񱼣óٶȣЩֵ屼Ϯȥ
ӵһؿȫףûгֵͿϣԼʱǵģҲ
ԼЩԶ彫ʿضᱻЩ˵⣬ȫûôʵ̫ˡ
ǰϮԶҲڷĶǰͻȻ޸ұøӸߴĳǽ
µīɫâȻδֳκɱ佫ЩѪʬȫգѾʼ仯ˡ
еʬѪҺīɫĹâøˣâ֮УҲԼֳһЩģཻ֯һӳڴϡ
ŵϵķģĪӷд󲿷ֵķĶǳİֻϳһС֣һСַĵãĪӿƲƺ׼ֶ֮Ρ
һλ嶥ѪΪսϵʬѪҺҪƾŹԶ𣿡·īɫĹâĪ־ıܲ˼򵥡
׼֮֮Ҳ̫ӣ֮Уû̫ó˵ġ
ǰټѧ֮еңΪǼ룬׼֮моҲһЩȽ۵׼֮ôڴ͸֮ϣδ漰ǿĹ֮
׼̫֮ӵԭ򣬵һΪصĴϡ٣ûʱչڶΪ壬ӶҪԼĿǰ׼֮ʶƫֽ֮Ȥô
ߣ׼֮оΪĴ֮У̫ʹУ˵صݡ
ĪӶ׼֮޵˽⣬֪׼֮ҪڼƷ׼ʩ档
׼ĶʵĳЩ֮֡࣬׼أ׼ڷĳЩǿڡ
ܵ˵ֻҪܹͨ׼֮ͨϣôԳΪ׼Ķ
ƷѡҪ׼Ķ죬ܹԽԽãʩߣǿ˵ˡ
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·ʩչ׼֮һѾ׼õ׼֮˵ǼƷһѪټսϵЩʬѪƷĹ൱ĸߡ
ĪӲĶĳλߣĴĨɱ
Ϊ̶ֳȵĸ־Բ併ٵսϣͨ׼ȡɵķʽҲС
ʱ䵢Ѿˣ·׼ֶΣҲڿԷˡ
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ЩĵϷЩͬһӰ˸߿֮ϣôƾյĸС
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ϷǺӣĪӴ˿ȴκһ˿͵ΪǺӳ֮ĪӸоΧǳ֮ڱøŨ
ЩƾƮڿеķģΧǳ֮ԽԽŨɢĹâֱȵһīɫĹ֮ŹâĪӵУ仯һڵĿռѷ졣
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һͨ帲Žɫǳ֮ľʯ׼ȷ˵һǳСܻһ֮أֻǿв۵һ΢Сǳ΢СǳУֻƫСĴˡ
ϾһǳڲǺˣܹԴԴɢǳ֮ǳ´Сһ֮أ֮УȴҲƬղ·ӪΧҪӽѪҹǰˡ
磡
Ѿֹͣ˼ǰģͻȻԼһţһ죬һɽԼ
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Сռĸ¥УĪӿǿ΢СǳҧҧӴ֮ȡһöľ֣ȻóľԪ飬пٵı仯ӡһ⸲еľ֮ϡ
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棬һγߣоٵ֦ɣѾ֮еǿǳ
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Զϣ˿͹ĸˣ˫֮Ѫгǹ裬ǹǿǳȥ
˿̵ԶϵǹϢǿѾ˼ˣĪ˿ɣһɾĶ֣Դ˿̵Զ֮սԶҲܹսʤնɱ

һײ𣬳ǹǹǿǳƿɫǳ֮ǹҲûһξ룬ȴƿǳ⵱ǰ֮Σ
飡
гǹأԶһǹ籩һ㣬ǰǳ̳ÿһǹܹƿһǳ֮ǳûһء
̶һĹƾһֱ̣ԶӲǳͳϰٴιÿһǹ̵λãȫͬһ


İһʮ ƿǳ
̶һϢʱڣԶеĳǹһλٴεĹеĳǹϵĳȣȫǳ֮С
һϢʱ䣬ǿӲǳ׹Ĵ̹ͱðɱԽˣסǳ֦ɣҲӶıѹϡ
ĴĴ˿ҲһѪ֣ԭط˾
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Ѫҹصĵһؿڳͷϵһ佫ŵǰĶɽְͬæǿǳȴɽ£Ĺ޷ǿǳ
ʱɽѪҹ˵һϣǿ΢СǳµӰ첻Ѫҹߡ
ȻԵĻλ佫ԸҪǰϡ
֮ľԪ¾ͳ׵ıˣĪӿǰͭˮ裬Щϧ
ǿ֧ǳĲĪӵõһö֣ԭǴպ֮ϣȵ֮󣬺úõһ£ΣҲֵֻܰƷˡ
Ϊ˾߷֣ʹܹʱסǳµĪӲϧԼľԪ飬ʹܹʱסǳ׹䡣
ڵ龰ԭֻٴľԪ飬ڿҪˣҪȻסô
ЩۣʱĪҲ˲һˣֻƴȫĴ߶ľԪ飬ѹեܣʹܹòס΢Сǳѹ
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ˣǿǳ׹ٶȣҲڻӣǳɫǳ֮ڲϵĺ⡢
ԶƴȫĶǳͼǳԽڵΣ֡
Īһȫ߶ľԪ飬һ߷ɿţʲô취ܹƽڵľ档
ʱѪҹصһؿ֮ǰһƬͻȻ֣ʮλ飬ڳֵĵһʱ䣬ͶŵǰĶɽһ⣬ƺҪʼʩֶٴƶɽ
ʮλ֮УĪһ۱㿴е÷
һΣȻʧˣ⻹û䵽ϣͱһɽסˣͬʮλ飬Īӵ֮С
飡ĪӿЩ⣬ȴ飬üͷɵһ塣
׼ãҲͬ׼ãҪһʤҲδûҪһѩǰܵ˼ؼʱ˫ҿƣƴ˫ֶεʱˡ
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Ӫ֦ɲϱϣҲԽԽĴԶԽˣ֪ԼûжʱˣԱҪͷϵ΢Сǳ
гǹһǰͳĵطѾƿǸλãһΣڳǹ̳֮ʱԶ˫뿪ǹˣһȭ˳ǹβˣѳǹ׵Ķǳ֮ڡ
΢Сǳδƿѹţ֧סǳĴ֦ѾȫѹˣѾ˴ɣԪоԼµأ΢΢ݣرǴڵλãѾѹ˴¸
Ųסˣ
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תһ룬ĪֽīȷˣԼīȣҲǰľ棬ֻīȰװ׵Ļٻ
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ѪɷɵѪɫתţǳıһмֽԶ˫ȭѸٵ΢Сǳƿһ󶴡
УԶǸǹҲ˫ȭϵƽ
֮ǶѪɷѪɫͻȻֹͣתɢһѪɷ
ͬһʱ̣ԶϵϢ˲һأ˫ȭĹȴȻûֹͣɲϵ䵽ǳϡ
꣡
һ𣬾ͷ·һشҵԭѾǳԶͷǿ֧ǳĴˡ
֧ŵĴһϣǳ׹ٶϢոսһЩԶȫ˼Լ˫ȭȫͣЪһһµĺǳı档
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ѾѵĴ֮У沼ƵľԪĪӵĲ£֮з˳
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ҲǡʱĸպҲϵԶԣгһӣڱѹǳ֮ǳ棬һĵۡ
Զע⵽߲ԶģûлͷϻǳȭͷҲûͣ£ֻɳƶֽͻ֣
ң
һ䣬ԶٴųѪ⣬ĵϡ
ŸԼϵѪ⣬һĨ֮ɫ֪ԶѾ׼սû뵽ַʽ
ЩӣҲףԶѡ񣬲ʧΪһð취ܹͷ΢Сǳ
Ѫ֮УĵʧԭѾǧ׸ߵӴһϰθߣϵϢһء
˲ˣǴҲСԶȫµļ¶Ƥ棬ѾһѪһЩƣ¶еѪ⡣
ѪɷΧ֮ϣҲһѪɫѪɷѪҺ
״̬֮£Զ͵һȭӳղŲϹĵط
һȭǿֱֻ۶ûǳı棬Ҳûǳڵĳǹǳĸ
飡
ԶеͺһѪһֱֻϣȻҲݺһǳı档
һȭ£΢Сγɵı棬һѷ֣Ȼţ΢Сǳ롣
ǳ鴦һ˳ǹ֣ǹ֮һͬƿǺˡ
һĻĪһǳ飬ǺҲƿȻƵǳҲǳ£һ΢СǳҪӦĶࡣ


İһʮ ˧Ļ
Сռĸ¥УĪӿǿ΢Сǳ鿪һȻܿ죬תһ˿ϧ
סǹǳóǹԶĪ֪ȵͣʱ򣬾λ˧ȥʱ
һξۼѾܹܵޣɫѾһƬ죬ѪˮͬһڶƤƬƬѣڳȵѪ±׵ջ١
ĪӿڵԶвԾ˵ԨȻ˴ԵĳȫͬΪĩ·֮еȴǺơ
ţĪͻȻ䷢֣ǱԶʿǺˣȻһţƺҪûС
Ȼղǳ׹ʱ򣬶λûиԼңʱǺˣĪȴǲġ
һ֮䣬ƯĪͷԪ«̸ͭˮϷ«ڷųһ͸ͭˮ裬ѪҹصϿգû֮еǺסѸٵ˹
СռڣŮԭҪֵǺˣиеȵʱȴͻȻеһɴ
֮ǿûκεķ֮ѾҪֵǺˣǣֱĿƣ̾ͱߣȻûǰ֮С
壬ҶұҪֵıˣŮдŭҪ֪ǿһöǺˣһöƳǺˣҲǷǳġ
Ҫ֪֮ϵ췱Ȼ֮壬ƺ߱ǳ֮еľֻǿеʯֻմȾǳǳ֮߱Ǻˡ
һ΢СǳȻôҪȡеǺˣȴô׵ģͨԪɣҪȡһöǺˣҪķһˮĥ
öĺȻٳ룬󣬲Ʒǳá
ıﱻˣλŮβŭرǶѾʱᣬ͸ŭˡ
ŮзŭĪʱҲû̫ˣǺ˹Ȼһöע·ԶϣǺˣֻǲñУϾĳ̶ֳϣԶġ
ԶٳǳһĲӪĺ󷽣ȻųǹһǳĽŶɽķȥĪӾԶҪʲôˡ
Զһǳɱɽֻ뷨ܺãȴô׵ġ
ʣµһǳѾ䵽ңԶͷˣŰǳǰԶҪƾűʱ俸
һµĶĪӾͿԶϣѪҺٶȱøˣдѾˡ
ƾλ˧ʵǰǳøٶɽ
֮ĪӿԶ̧еĳǹƱɵֺգƺҪǹͶȥʱ˫ȴըѪ
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һǲǺ˶ɽŰǳ׹֮һѪɫǣ֮£׼ȷĻ˶ɽ
Զ׳ĳǹһͬѪɫһĳǹڿлһߣ׼ȷ˶ɽɽ
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Īӿֻʣ¹ǼܵԶȻֱվԭأа̾ϢһҲ﹧λϽһս
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ò˵Īǽ֮٣ͬʱҲȼ֮١
ԶϾһ̣һԪ«ͬʱ֣ĿԶꡣ
īɫĹâٴγ֣ʱĪڵ˲žղ׼֮ڷ֮еķٻһ΢СǳɵϵķģֻŹâûò˶ѣʵδʧ
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ڤڤ֮УĪӸӦһǳǿ󣬵ƺЩĴڣںԼԶꡣ
ĪӲ֪ʲôʲôǲŻûʲôʶ
ڵעԪ«֮УĪƴȫ߶鱦ǿнԶ˸߿գսԪ«֮ڡ
ԶĪûʲô취ˣֻܿǾīɫĹâգΪ׼ֶ֮еļƷģҲûа취ֹ
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İһʮ رǴ
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գڵ֮һ޴ĳӰŽ£ڵһǧ׵ĵۡ
۵ĳ֣ȴû˿Ӱ쵽׼ģŹâķģȻӳڵϡ
龰ĵ±ǵϣѸٵ뿪׼ĵΧ
ûѡ󳷣ҲûѡӪ룬ԼҲȥ
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ߵ״ԶͼԶĴĴһֿۣ˿ڷ׼֮ȻҲѡ
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ĪֻܿһſȼŻʯųĻβͣѪҹصķȥ½ҪȥɱˣȴҲЩֻܾһʯ
һʮȼŻʯӿռѷ֮зɳǵռѷƺҲֲ֧סˣ±պǴ˿̣ѾһȼŻʯ䵽Ѫҹصһؿĳǽϡ
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ЩֻϣӴ壬ǰһϣսʼһֱû¶Ϳվڴ󴬵ĴͷĿȵĿǰѪҹء
°ӣˮ壡Īӿŵ֮󣬴ĺһ·ӹİӣźˮ֮еЩˮ壬֪̣ôġ


İһʮ 
վڴ󴬵ĴͷϣͿҡеȣǰѪҹأеһĨ֮ɫ˿Ρ
ϴһսѾȥ֮ãʱ⣬֮УʵǳĶݡ
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ͿȻûܵκεˣһս֮ȻⲻܵһЩ𷣣Щ𷣲أֻԵ𷣣Ϳ˵һص𷣣ʹһЩ
ԭս֮ͿҪصѪҹߣȫкúõͿԸΪԸϱκ۵㡣
»صѪҹؿʼͿһֱڼƻ׼һ죬巢ν׼һЩʱ䣬ͿΪλᣬڰ׼ʱȴ
Ϊˣϵˮ壬ΪһεѣͨȺϵǿ֮е壬˺ôĹ򣬲˵ڽճ֡
ȫˮûѪҹصһؿͿϹһĨЦݣϣҪһѩĳ裬ˮİ£һٹѪҹء
ԶѾˣģһλͳ˧ƽ򡱣ǶЩʿҲȫѪҹûйƵ۹أվԼдơ
뵽Ϳ˫֮У˻֮ɫ֮⣬ֳָһĨѪ֮ɫ
Ī࣡
ĪӿѪҹصĵһؿڼľҲеЩ
ڸղţĪѾоĪδϵı֮Ѿˣ֤Σա
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ĺ֮ص֮ڣƬͷˮ̧Ŀתһĵˣдһ˿Ū֮⡣
ˮ֮µצİڶһİ֮ϣһˣŲԶĵȥ
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Ļһ˵꣬ˮеĴֻĵڵķ£
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һƿӭĴˣĵÿһ彫ʿĶС
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ſһ׼ӭУһаһˮ壬ԸԵĶ֣϶塣
Ϊһ·ҵ佫ں̵ܶʱȻȴ䲻֮ͱ˵ˮս
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Īʱˮʵ񾳽磬ҲѾ˴磬Ҳ֤ͬһ㡣
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뿪ֻ׼̤ϵ壬Ĵһֱӷ˽
Ϳ٣ҴϢֱ棬ȫ֮еľ񣬱ղ⮿µЩҪǿö࣬Ҳơ
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ĺͿĴʼ֣ˮߣҲѾѪҹصĵһؿ
ڳˮ֮УһֻֻͻСˮУԭȽϸɾˮ֮У֮ȾһЩɫ
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Ѿĵһߴʩչ˾佫һСķˮеˮһ߿ٵŸ󷽳ˡ
һЩλãʮ飬ΧڣһЩѪҹ֮е壬ҲýЩ壬ŵڶؿˡ
ƾĪڵӽǣЩµ֮УĪδӵӰ˵ģԼʦ÷
һĻĪԶڹؼʱ̣ԼʦԼס˺֮ǡ
Щں󳷵壬ˮٴͷһǰˮϣ˲һİ״ˣԴԴϵǰӿȥ
Ե飬˿Ҳеĺݣǿڳ˸裬ĸؼص
ĸ֮УһȦˮɫĹâΪΧӣЩˮ·˲ܵ˹һ㣬ǰȥһǰӿȥĴˣٵĽӽûˮе佫
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ѾĽֵͿĿɨһǱߣȻһۣһĨź֮ɫ
еߣеĿռѷ죬ӦûάŲŶԣЩں󳷵佫ûǳ˵Ļᡣ


İһʮ 
Ϳԭļƻ֮УҪڸѹԵģѪҹصһؿ֮Уڲκһ˻š
ʣ¹ԮģˮܿܽĽ𣬵ȵһʣµؿûܹס赲Ѫҹأܱ׾ٵĹơ
ɼƻϲϱ仯һϵвãûȡôƣرԶ꣬Ȼ˾ˣⲻһźҲ׼õķ
ȻЩź鲢ûгװԼľ棬ҲͬռƣֻͬҪһЩֽţһ
ĵ°УŴ˶Ѿ޽ֻſѪڣһ⣬Ȼ
ԭ˶Ѿ޽ںӴһ˲䣬˲串һ㺮ǰеٶҲΪ֮һ̷ֺĸо
龰צ̽ˮ棬̵ּצȻץѾ޽һŻǵײУѱ渲źľ޽צ䵽ˮУȻִˮдȥ
ѽٴնȻԾˮ棬ϹâһȻСΡ
ɵΣһʵĿǳ׳˶Ĵ󺺣ڿзǳĶѾ޽Ĺ
Ѿ޽ɱɱ֮ǳǿʵȴ׳Ѿ޽Ĺ
ˮе״ٴνеǸɫݷڿУĽ䴵졣
ء
ԶĺĪһĸо֮֮ˮƺȫĳסˡ
µİ֮Уһֱǰˮһͣһ£һӣͷ·ǻĵһ㣬ˮȻӿ죬ٴƽʣֱӽ˱ĵĳ̶ȣıǰ
ˮˢҲһ㣬ʾŴ˿̵ˮٶǺεȵĿ١
һˮһߴеĺݣһ߷ٵǰ˲Ϣ֮ĹӰѾӹѪҹ֮ǰĵһߣԦŹ˳Ѫҹصڶ߶ȥ
ע⵽ˮߵĶվ֮УںĶսͿеЦⲻɵøŨˡ
ҪѽֱȥѪҹصĵڶߣûȻǰģ˷ܵţͿ˫֮УһĨâԭʵӣͬһݣͬ湫һʣҲױб
ץеǰһӣǰʱϷɳʯǰϯȥ
ĺͿҲٴνˣԷֹ̲Ѫɷԥӭϡ
Ѫɷײһ𣬽ģһεĶ̱ӣѪɽ
ĪӿĵķһۣʱĻܹ֧ţͽעŵˮߡ
ټӿ֮ĵ°ӣһֱӿٶȣѪҹصĵڶؿȥѪҹصڶؿϵĽʿѾ˱ӿĺЩվڸǽϵĽʿǿΪ
ԶԶȥͷ·һ޴İɫߣƶŵʯɽżŤתһ£ٶûܵ˿Ӱ졣
°ӵǰмʩչ˾佫ƴȫŵڶؿ
һЩ飬Ҳڽ֮һЩӰڿѪҹصĵڶؿ
վѪҹصڶؿϵ佫ҲĪӵһˣڲݴܿ
űϮĺڿѪҹصڶؿļ佫飬ܿһĨ֮ɫȻ󺰵
ƽУĪҪؿ
ܿһѪҹصڶؿӽļ佫ͬʱı˷ŲȥЩ飬Ҳѡȥ˲档
֮У佫ͻȻһµĵͻȻݣһŲȵ˿մû뵽ˮ֮С
ȻţһȺˮĹ֮У佫ûмֶãͱһȺˮҧĸɸɾͬµЩʿҲͬʱˡ
ڳ佫֮⣬ļ佫ȫٶȲѸٵӵ˲档
ϮѪҹصڶؿĳǽǰһѪɷѾ۳һݣҴӳǽһЩٵչϣҲһ赲ڳǰĸǽ
ڹؿϷܿսѾµ佫Ҳ˸Ես죬׼ӭӽĹ
ˣ
һ޴ӿˮѪҹصڶؿǰķݺݵײһ𣬽ţ˳ˮۼڵڶؿǰѪɷ۳ɵıݣֳ˻ķĻڳǽϡ
Ѫҹصĳǰ˲һƬһֻһֻͻСˮϵĴˮԾͼѪҹصĳǽ
ˮһɹɵĴԼˮϴˮЩˮĲٿ£ҪѪҹ֮ڡ
ɱ
ܿŭһվڳǽϣбǰһӣһֻ߸Ծˮնء
һ࣬ղŲûнڶؿļ佫˿ܹһˣΪ͵̱ϵľһЩͬ۵ùǺ彫ʿ֡
λʿڶؿѣ˿̲ҵȴϢ֮λǿᾫ񣬷оѪҹصһؿʧҵȽй˿ҵȽ֮ʱڽ÷ѪҶԵУͬǱӳġƽ򡱿ߵļ佫ֿܹĵڶؿҧ˵
ӾҲ˷ȴδ˴ܣڡƽҪڶؿѹҲһЩԼ档
ѪҹصڶؿܹĪӵӽǣܹڸԶƽＸҹԵĳҲͬսս˫Ȼߡ
ĪԭЩڴǷʲôûнҿĵƣսϵľƣĪʵѪҹصΧҲʲôԮˡ
λֿʼҪĺͿ˫սˣĪһ߾һ߼עŵڶؿ
ǱߵڲֹۣȻСƽӲԮسǵĽʿֵѹˮλȴԽԽˣˮλ֮һֻ;޴Ȼ︡ˮ棬˵ڶؿǰ
һֻͬצһˮֻĴҪӶһЩÿһֵĳȣԼǧס
ֻȻڳ֮̽ԼĴ˳ͷȻӴڳǽϣͼС
ͷϵЩʿҪĴ֣ȴĴֺݺݵɨɣһ佫ҲֻȻӳǽɨˮС
ԣ
һ׳ѪɫնֻȻϳǽ֮ǰնϣնϵĴ֣ڶѵһ̣Ȼ˷·𶯵֤Ĵεļ͡
һնֻȻ֣ܿбнűһתɽڳǽϣһЩĵȻݺݵĴ¡
ֻбдѪ֮еִУ˲伤ܿиǿɱ⡣
аγֻȻӳǽϻ䣬ܿȻ䷢һŭ
سǹأɱ


İһʮ Ǻ
Ѫҹصĵڶؿս˿̿ƲңѾ겻ѪҹأڴһδεĻ£ҲȻͦ
վѪҹسͷϵ彫ʿͳ˧ܿĴ£ûκһˮԽͷߴЩǽϣһҲϵû·ˮС
ͷһۻںѾ޽촽΢΢˶Ȼû𣬵ȻǶ仯ɵĴ˵Щʲô
仯ɵĴ󺺶ķһۣȻȻ׹ûˮ֮С
Ѿ޽ģ֮Ҳͬˮ
ɱɱ֮ûˮ棬ţˮɫͻȻһƬɫٵˮòȱˮ
ûãˮеĶСˣ»ָԭΣˮдѾ޽ҲٵĴˮУѪҹصڶؿ˻ء
ˮдеٶȺܿ죬¾͵Ѫҹصڶؿ֮ǰߡ
ǵҪ٣ҪѪҹصڶؿûôף鿴ߵڶ˵
ռȻˣҪؿ˻ᣬǧѷܴ꣬Ļ˵һȻһͷˮ֮¡
һ̣ˮµݺݵײѪҹصĳǽײУͷ·ҪʱײƳǽƵڶؿһ㡣
ڲǣƵġƽ򡱵һδεײҲ̼ӿ˹ҪΪѪҹصڶؿܵķֵѹ
״ָŸղ˵ֻӴˮٴθˮ棬ȥֵƽĹ
Сռĸ¥УĪһ赲λֶΣһ߿ѪҹصڶؿĺͿߵս˫۱ԽԽ䡣
̧ͷĪĿԪ«˿̴Ӻ«ڣʳһξӨ͸ˮ˳Ԫ«ϿǾܹڸ¥֮УĿռ䣬Ưŵˮ
ôྦྷӨ͸ˮĪһˮһˮû·ͭˮ֮С
ôˮѾĪӵȫˣӵõԪ«񣬳ȥõЩģĪȫһԶ˳
Ѫҹصľʵ̫Σˣ겻ƵѪҹصڶؿѾ᧿ΣˣĪӴˮݵģһΪΧڶΪĪδ޳
Ө͸ˮѪҹصϿգ·İӣĪӻõˮһСϪ㲻ϣһСˮˮ
ϸϸһˮѪҹϿյʱ򣬸˵ĸоȴ·ǸղŵǺ֣ǾӨ͸Ĺ緱ǵĹԣ֮аɱ
СռУŮͬϸһˮоȻһɺ⣬о⾧Ө͸ˮ֮У̺ĿֲԼֿ˵ǿ
ĹסӨ͸ˮǺӵһ㣬·°ȥλߵֶΣһĴܸС
ͬǺӰˮ£ˣǷֵʱȴһЩע⵽ʱˮѾû˵°֮У˳ˮɢˡ
̶̲һĹ°ӵı棬ͻȻһĨɫĹââ˲ɢ֮һɿ񱩵ǳ֮Ҳˮ֮ɢ
°ӵı棬ױһƬҫ۵ĽɫһƬ񱩿ֲǳ֮Ĺâ£ˮˮǳ֮׵˺ѡ
һ˲ĹվѪҹصڶؿͷϵ彫ʿͿڽ⸲µˮ棬ɫѪȾǹɴ̱ǵȳζڶ
һֻֻΪԸһЩˮԾˮ棬ͼ·ˮЩˮԾˮһ̣ĿЩˮϵƬѾƲˣҲһƬѪģ
ղˮצһȻ˿ӦҵһˣֻˮķȽΪԸߣǿڿ񱩵ǳ֮УϵѪⱻɿиֲȥֻܳһʹࡣ
ƽ򡱿ǷŤһƬѪģˮȻĿ˸߿գ¶һĨ֮ɫ
û뵽һˮȻ˿ֲɱˮ֮ЩӴˮѾ˲ˣµ󣬳һЩΪһˮʣµľҪȫûˣˮĴһӾȥ˰˾ų֮ࡣ
Сռĸ¥УĪۿͭˮ֮еľǳ֮Ű֮ˮ׵Ľɱǵʬ壬Ҳ񱩵ǳ֮ʳĩѪˮĭˮȾ˹Źֵɫ⻹
һһɫǹˮҲͭˮ֮УͬĪԪ«ǹˮĴ
ˮǿ۵Щ٣ԽеˮȫɱЩΪһЩˮȻҲһʱỹˡ
ȻѾҪº֣ĪԽ׽ˮĴ͡
һɫǹˮղˮҪСҲûˮҫĹâΣյϢǻеսϢ
һǹˮĳ֣ԭڽսĺͿĴսҲɵΪ֮һȫһɫǹˮ
ŮһɫǹˮȫһԤУһɫˮţܹ͸ǰɳ̣˵Լ
໣
һˮ³һ⣬ͼһǹˮᡣ
ɵⴥǹˮ֮ʱһǹˮϹ⣬ûܵӰ죬ŵ°֮ȥ
ƺû뵽ԼĹȻһˮûκεӰ죬мȾŭҪٴʱһɫǹˮѾĪӵĲ£ˮǳĽӽˡ
ɫǹˮˮ棬һƬϹӿϹ֮ԭЩΪȽϸߣˮˮĶȻֹһƬѪģֹͣ
Ϲ⼴ӵǰǳϵ뿪ˮ棬ˮеȴƺЩʣſ³һöҫӣųҫ۵⣬ͼֿסϹӡ
ö˸ӣԼ飬Ҳǿֶ֮һ
£ԭΧŰǳ֮һҲѹȾɹŹɫĺˮҲ֮ѸٵĻָ峺
ȴûܹ赲סǹˮɫâ߽Ӵ˲䣬ɫĹâӰ죬Ѹٵ˹Ҹϡ
һ̣ǹˮǿֱõ֮ϵ̵ۼס
ˮУΨһŵ飬ˣеϹ⹥Ŀ꣬Ҫ룬ҲѾû˻ᡣ
ɫâİУöɫ鳹׵ʧȥ˹âӴҲɫâûɫâɢ׵ľֹˡ


İһʮ Ѫ
ͻȻ֮ͱһƬŵ°ӣսҲ֮һƬž
˶û뵽ͻȻתۣӴˮ壬ʮ֮Ĺ򣬳һ֮⣬ͼȫûˣмֻһܵϵˮõѡ
ǼɱڿѾָƽĵ°ӣһʱ֮ҲĬȻ
ƽٴ̧ͷգελߣȻһɾηֶΣǿҲݣһ֮ˮĴ
սľ˲Ϣ֮תͬ˵ˮ׾ٵıˣֻǷӦЩܲˡ
ͿѾƽĵ°ӣĿ֮֮ɫıãķѪϵˮ壬һִٳɽ֮սһƬõʱȴͻȻתۣܹܵˣ
ɲܷܣʵѾİǰˣǹˮ£Щˮ鶼ˣʱ⵹ҲЩˮ
Сռĸ¥֮УĪԪ«еĮˣȡֻ֮ʣ侲
ս֮ҵúúõĹһʱˣһƬƽĵ°ӣĪ
ûжԼⳡɱ¾ʲộԭ彻ս޷ƶԴֻͬѡ
Լ壬վϣһɱĪǵ֮幦ս֮Īתݣ˾֪ҲٲʲôӰ졣
ȻĪ֮鷳Ҳ᲻٣ˮߣԻĪɱϣֻҪлĻĸ־ԲŹĪӡ
⣬ĪԪ«еǹˮˮʱͿˣԭһŵƣھôõˣüʱ䣬ٻ۳
ĪӱҪˮúõĻȵԼպǿ֮˵磬֮ʱҪƺһЩˡ
ЩĪԼ֮ǰѾˣҲԸЩЩЩ鷳ΪĹõĺôࡣ
ˮѾ𣬽ֵˣɱ
ݵļž֮ȷӦĻ壬ĵһе˲䱻˸ߵʿԭѾЩ»״̬ΪˮĴĸٴ
˿ʿܵ壬һЩʿˣõľ˲ת䣬ʵЩԷӦ
Ϳ֪ԼҪѪҹصļƻѾˣѡ񣬵һ̳ˣʹ˰֣ڶǳĿǰռƵ£ǰ֧նɱͳ˧ġ
ǸͿܻлᣬûǳ˵ĺãΪܹɱĵĿԲɱģټȥҲûж塣
ԽǣͿǸþ˲䷢ı֣ԽʹޣԼΪһѩǰܷĵıˡ
Ϳ޲ҪĪӴҵʱӪ󷽺Զλãڽս֮ǧ֮ĵطһɫĹâͻȻ𣬽ţͿͻȻһִͷĸоƺϾҪдѽ١
ڽս壬Ҳͬĸоһͷǳѹ֡
ô£Ӫ󷽵СռУŮͬҲеľæͨǰɳ̣鿴Χʲô¡
ֱɳܼ󷽣ſʲô
ֻĺ󷽣Ѫɷ˳һӿɷ֮ԻΪһƬɳѪɷ֮У֮սꡣ
ƬѪɷԴͷŮʱȴܿԶһߴѪɫǽڴϷɿ죬ƺѪɷԴͷ
ڹѪɷ֮У֮սڷٵԼ֮УһɺƴԶѾ˵ĶС
ǧ̻ģսףǰ
ȾѪ޽սӶɣ
Ѫս߽ͬʦսʮ

ͳԶÿһĽʿеݶǳϤ
ս꣬ǲں𣿡ͿҲڿɫ˲ͱˣõ׼ȷϢѪҹеս꣬ӦöںսϻԾ޵ոʧزŶԡ
Ѫҹصĺ𣿡ĪҲ˴Զ̲µѪҹ׼ĺ֡
һĪ߷ٵӪȥ˿ûĪӺ˳ľͿ˺󷽵龰ͭˮ裬ȻǸɳҪãֱԴͷ
ĪӿǹѪɫ˳Ҳ˳֮ս꣬Ѫɫ˳֮ڴӵѪɫǡ
ѪɫǵϷһƮڰУڷչľ޴ս졣
ǣֹΪܣսѪս죡
ŲӵѪɫǺƮڰеս죬Īϳ
ţһ
أ˻սѪǣΪսޣǲս겻𣬻Ϊ磬Ѫ֮ڣΪ彮ؼ֮
˲ĪӵĿ⣬Ҳ֪ĺֵʲôһ֣Īֻа̾һɵƯ
ĪӽĿͶԴʱϵı˲ͱùԴдԼϰٵӰھżصǣɿЩ˵壬ĪӵоϵϢα
尲ļϸǶ壬ʲôֶΣĪԺ˲ðͷͬʱҲЩȻֻԼôԶĵطĿŵһ
ż£֮ͻȻһһŭ
޳壬ң
һŭŭЩڼ壬ͷϷռ˲飬һֻצ̽˳Ҫ·
ҪԽ磬ղŶ˵˲ãôԼˣ
צ֮ǰһͬʱһѳס˼µצ䵲˻ȥ
ѪɫĳǻӣƮ֮еѪսȴƮ嵽˳ǵĳͷϣȻ󳹵׵뵽Ѫ֮С
Ѫս֮ӳѪɫǵĳͷϣÿңһս죬ڳͷӭƮ衣
ѪѳɣҵҲٶ⸱òˣԵѣΪǽСͨɣѾɣ·ٸ֮Уһ壬վںһЩһ忪˵
ĪԷ仰ǰϰٸ壬ȻĳСͨαװ壬վÿһЩˣӦþӵСͨߡ
Īӿ߳ȺϹâ֮䣬ϵë䣬ϵҲٵתϢ
ֶʩչСͨϵ


İһʮ սβ
һȺ壬ڽϵαװ֮ȫָ֮ЩϵϢװĪӾʹܹϳǵݡ
üһһϰˣûһǼ򵥵ģҪôǰټѧɵĵӣҪôǸŵʿݺΪģҪǸʩչСͨʿˡ
ʿΪ񾳽ڣԷϵĹȴĪЩϤƺڵĹ
ԷʩչСͨҲĪ뵽һѾȥĶ֣ǵɱԻ
ĪӼǵʱԻҲԵЧǳڿһеĸԴпܾڵĵӡ
ͨһ㣬Īʵûʲô뷨ԻѾȥˣҲʱһ仧ĪΪһС£ҲûκμƽϵıҪ
Ⱥָ˱Ŀ֣ĪӶѪߵû˿ĵġ
һΣǴĽϣݺݵ˺һ⣬ȵѪڵĽİͼ֮У߰˸ݵĽ
⻹ĺô˵ս꣬ڸһȶĹޣиҪʱŻᵽĺô
ѪǵַΧڣڻһЩ壬Щ壬ضҪ취뿪ѪǵķΧĪӾãȺţЩʵµѪ壬ºĻᡣ
ջأĪӿǹѪˣɿĻأսѾԶˡ
ͿȻ嵽׷ʲô£Ҳףضĺ֣ЩԭӦںսս꣬ڼԼǰԼеľѹԤУͿ֪Լһʧˡ
쳱ԽԽӽڣں쳱֮еս꣬Ϳ֮ϯѪɷͿҲˣԼѹָôġ
ˣ
֮ս껹ûеǰͿѾȷ˽ܣԼѾûлˣȴǵģ޷Ѫսһ֮󣬱׵նɱɾ
սϿգһռѷٴθ֣һֻë׵צѸٵĴӿռѷ̽ץͿԼ
ռѷֵͬʱһռѷҲ֣֮һӿռѷзɳնֻë׵צϡ

һŭȣһѩĽ棬ӿռѷֵ֮̽һ̣Χ·һƬƬѩ֮¶ȶ˲١
ֻë׵צնһۣµ˿ȴͬѩһ㣬һɭ׵ĺ˪
ֻë׵צǰһҲûзǰ̽ץ·
Ը֣ǾͰֱ°ɣǰѳ˼״׵ķɳռѷ죬֮ɢƬƬѩնֻצ
ͻȻ֮䣬ѿһռѷ죬̽һֻƬצݺݵڽϣȻһŭ
壬һӮˣ̫֣
Ƭˣһ֣ͬǶû˵ʲôˣ䲻ԽҲͰˣƤܺϣķŭ𣬿ռѷַ֮ɳһѳһն䵽צϣͬʱһЩϷʵ
СռУĪ͸ͭˮ裬еĽ棬ܿġ
ǰѳն䵽צϣն˸צϵۣһǳǳѪۣʱֻë׵צѾץ·צ֮·ΧĿռСһ㣬ǴӴȫС
ҪߵĿץסֿŽߵצͻȻһģƺҪߵȫ
һĻĪд󾪣צ䣬ǰڵľˡ
һֻ̣צ֮ʱϢģֻצͻȻ⴦ϿȻ˦ɵһߡ
ߣҪǾȫ°ɣһװ
ֻ̽צͣһ£ץˮѵ飬Ѹջצ
ѳҲٵջأ̽ëצǵռѷ죬Ҳڳһ֮ʧС
ԭߵΪֵһߵľٶȫսϣЩߣҲЩδ
ֱѪɷ˳ߣս˳֮УĴʱŴĴһɱ¾Ĵ
󷽵СռУŮǰɳ̣ر֮еͿһĨŭ֮ɫȫ벻־Ȼ֦ͻȻȥĴ
ϡ
ŮſҪŭһסˣǳϵǰɳ̣ȡһƤ˺
Ƥ˺֮һɿռ䲨ǳѵĳſŮ״üͷ΢΢һ壬ֶ֪ȶռ䣬˿ԥſռ䲨ʧԭء
Ǹĸ֣ЩɣĪӿͭˮĻУЩϵµ壬
ղĸֺԥĴЩ߿ֻԵһ£ϾһõսķᣬٽЩµĻЩĸҲ̲ס֡
̨ףԷȴٴιˣӣ½Щȫ£ߵĸҲ˵ʲôҪǻ֣˾˫ֽսһֵ߻̫һ棬кξ֮
̨׸£ôߣǾͱ̨ջٺݺݵĳ
ЩĴսΧһһĵ£Ī֪ⳡսѾҪˣֻβˡ
Ѫ𣬹Ѫɷڵս˺ѪɳĻЩٷʲô˻ˡ
ڵջأʣ޶Īı˫ۣʼָĵ
ⳡսͷβĪӸ൱ĶΣҪԼʱܳŵƣѾⳡսˣʧȥһöľӣԼԼżΪ˳ֵľԪ顣
ȻľԪϴζ֮ǱѾľˣѽΪһɱҲһǳķɷǳ
ĪԭȵԼɾԪ֮󣬾ͽǵģû뵽γ׵Ļˡ
ĪӸ˲٣ȻҲò٣ȵλԪɹ֮ٲ˻ĪӺô
Ԫ«УԶ꣬պλ˧񣬺ܾܿƷλĪӾҲС
Ǳ׳ǺˣûǺô󣬵ĪӵҲܷӲС;ȻصɽܹĽһ
ĺôͲҪһһоˣ֮ĪӸĺջģտܺһĵʧĸλԪɣԲܻĪӳԿľǡ


İٶʮ ׼
ѪȾĻɳأһȺĽʿڽӴʬϵʰ̧սƷĻ
żзսѵʬʱȺĽʿŻᣬȻСĵĽսѵʬŵһߡ
ɨսĹУе彫ʿô˵Ǹɻ˴֮ĽûУۿǿŵᣬȴȴôƽ
紵ɳأһƬصƬսɳأԵ÷
ĪվѪҹصĳͷϣԶڴɨսЩʿһ˵ζ
һսѾˣһʱ䶨յսβûֳʲôۣĴȫûΪͳ˧ͿȴûսǱ׽ˡ
ĪӿͿ׽ʮа˾˹Ϊ֮Ϊֻⳡս֮л
ҪȻͿΪƴս֮⣬ܱ׽Ͷֲرƶ£ͶҲȡ·
ܹͶǾֻ׽ȻһЩܹҪһЩһš
ΪѪ壬ͿļֵСУ˵лص塣
ڿųЩæµ彫ʿ칤ѧɵĵͻȻߵĪӵߣĪӹʩһ֮һ˿ڵ
ҵȷǰǽɷͷƼݱ𴦣
칤ѧɵӵĻĪ΢΢ͷȻ󲻶ɫ뿪˳ǽ
˵Ī΢ЩΣԼѪҹصڶؿĳǽһս֮Ѿ˼ҪıԵ
óǽôصģһˮĹһԭ򣬻ΪĪӵˮĪӵˮ񱩵ǳ֮óǽĳש̵ķĲٶˣҪеĹɲС
°ӣɢȳϢһЩټѧɵĵӣڲſʼŴӡ
ڽӽЩ֮ǰһһЩ߻֮ˮУˮлûǳ֮һֿµɫˮĲࡣ
Ī˳ǽһʱ֮оԼûеطȥˡ
һսոսĪδ޶æµ÷ڴս֮󣬺ĪӴҴҼһ棬Ȼ뿪ˣһͬߵĻԶꡣ
ĺһЩ彫ʿѪҹصĵؿĪҲôȥ
ѣһսˣʣµĸˣˣڴս֮󣬾ֱ뿪Ѫҹء
ǻСռȥɣĪ
ԪɻδĪҲ֪ʲôʱʱСռ֮ûʲôˣԼ棬úôĦ
뵽ĪӾ׼صСռ֮мʱĪȴ˽סˡ
Ī겻Υˣܿ첽ߵĪӵǰĪЦŴк˵
ܽΥˣܿĪҲ΢ЦŶк
ԴӲһ֮Ҳ겻ˣ⼸ʱĪ˵оûй̫ãܿ˵ȴѾˡ
һû뵽ѪҹؼĪ֮ʤܿĪӼ˵
Īԣûнӻֻ΢΢ЦЦ
ܿ״Ҳͬ¶΢ЦûټάĪӡ
սոսãܿʵҲȷˮˣǲĪӣղǾ仰һЩ̽ĳɷ֣Īӵı飬ܿѾ֪Ĵˡ
ܽҪȥĪ´һܿ񣬻ڲԶ׼ǵһ彫ʿһ䡣
ŶѪ彮˲٣ЩĽ֮ڣһЩ壬ҷǰȥΧˣ֮ҪȥѪפһʱ䣡ܿûֱʵش
ԣĪ΢΢˵ͷȻܽоǾͲ뽫ˣպл𣬵´ӦÿԳܽһүˣ
ⳡս֮Уֵܿ൱ȻͿܻټȥɨѪڵ壬ԼפѪһʱĹͣӦòˡ
Ѫҹصͳ˧ˣӦþĸģҲǶࡣ
ˣǾͶлˣԵΪ´֮ʱѾԪˣϣǸʱл͵ѾԻܿĪһȻת뿪ˡ
ܿȥıӰĪӴԭصСռеĴ㣬׼ȥġ
ԭôȥģɿ֪ܿĿûϢѾʼˡ
ĪȥһǿûʲôˣеĻһˮͿԽĪһЩɻҲġ
ûãĪӾ˵ؿĵĴʣŹȻڴŹĵģĪӶſĽʿͷȻ󻺲˽ȥ
Ī̧߽֮ͷһۣȻͣסϵĶĿͷβһĪӣд֮ɫƺʶһĪһ㡣
ĪӣźүˣĿ⿴ţĪӲûбֵκβȻһһ
Īһı֣ͣӵĿ⣬ȻվߵĪӵǰֱĪӵ˫˵
Сӣ˱һϲ
үˣĪԣ¶һ˿΢ЦͬĻش
ɲʲô佱һˮ㲻ң֪µˣȫ㾪ˣջԼӵĿ⣬߻鰸һ£һҲĪһµơ
սոսôǰңھҪȥɣȵĪ֮ıʵ
ȻǣǰһҪүǷˣһֶΣƸƣڶһЩɻүӽ󡣡Īʵش
ĪӵĻشϵЦֶһЩûʲô˻ߵӣΨһ׽ĺ󱲣ֻĪˣĪǷˣҲǶĹģȻҲЩá
ϲ޴󰭣кɻ󣬾˵ɣΪģҾΪ𡣡ٴ˵
ʺүս嵽׼˶ãĪԣ̾ͽԼĵһ׳
ĪӵĻĿһֱۣӿڵսȷѾ׼˺ܳһʱ䣬뽨Ѫǵļƻڼʮ֮ǰѾʼ׼ˡ
Ϊ¹ش֮ǰ͸սĿΪ˧УʵҪĿģΪ˽ѪǣսһޣҲиϢĻᡣ
ĪӵͷĵĻʾ⣬Ͼ׼ôõ£ڳɹ֮ǰȷ̫֪
⽨ѪǵļƻȻ⣿ĪӼʵ
ѪǣȷȻŵġȻҪԴˣ峤õĻģܹԸٵıı߹أӶõϢĵ˵ͷش
شĪǵõһԼҪĴ𰸡


İٶʮһ ô
ڿʳĿ˻ĪһֱԵһλ˻֮ǰӡҲ̫á
Էλ뷷⣬˲С鷳֮ϻ御ֲⲻ˻Ѫ
ܶԶԷӡ̫ãĪӶλ˻ʣȴǴСơ
ǰʷĿ˻ʣһ۲Ŵ֮ӵڶ೬֮
Īӵʦ÷ҲǸģΪʳ뷷飬ܻܿһ·ߵڡ
Īʱı䲻ʲôֻϣ÷ߵ·ܹܵĹһЩ·ˣǸʶ·ĲС
ȻʵԽǿıԽԽĪ뿴ģΪζ·ǰհԣøޱߺڰС
ĴгĪӶѪǵĽ˽˸顣
ʳʱ䲻ٶ꣬ӸĳȽŸⲢһɵ顣
ھһ֮ʵģڵʳ֮ˮĽֻǿ֧ţֱò׳ŹѵĽ׶Σܹάֱ߹ȶʱȻƻ
ȻǻͬҲΪһʵʱƻԱ෽ͬ
֮Ŀ֧ţ̫ѪڲһЩ߹صĸóŹѵĽ׶Σ΢һЩЩ飬ǧĴ£ͳ˴ŬĿꡣ
ķ˼ʮʱ䣬ƻѾ˻ˣڵʵƻڼʮ׼ûа׷ѡ
ĪҲ֪ѪǣԼʱģֹֻΪܺѪսüУղųɾѪǣȻҪģѪսֹΪ
Ѫ֮ѪǺѪҹ֮䣬ѪɳĻǳϡѪɷǳŨ
еս꣬ӽ󶼻Ѫ֮УΪսѪǲЩսͺѱɱµս굮ҲܵѪǵѪ
Щս˵ѾһĹˣ벻ô׵ս֮
ϣѪǣܵļһЩѪɣڷСռ֮ǰĪӿһѪǵķš
ӵѪǣպҪѪ޷ȫ⣬ֻӦûһЩҲô׳ս߹ˡ
սѪҹɷǳæµɨսͳ˱޲Ƿȵ飬ҪĽĪӰﲻ̫æǱСռ֮аȴżλԪɵĻع顣
ת֮䣬ʱ͵һ֮ĪСռĸ¥УĿ
ΪһսոսԵʣҲΪСռ֮ŨĪһµ֮УоԼΪ٣һЩ
˫ۣĪغһûüվ㿴ԼǰվһˣĿԼ
ǰˣĪվǰ֮һ񣬹ڵǰ
ض񣡡ǰĪӣĿ֮дһ˿ɡ
ķǳãõĳҵԤϣûڳ֮ǰ䣬㣬Ѿ֮صĴˣ
ǰˣѾĵˣΣҲһóĪһЦı˵
Щ鷳㲻õģˮҪ㱨ȻҵȻ㣬Ҳ赣ģֻȥ֮󣬺úõİһʱ䣬ΪԲˣҲҪôȥ֮ϡǰ¶һ˿΢ЦĪһͬʱתŸ¥ȥ
ĪӼ״΢һ£Ȼ̧Ÿϣһ˸¥Ķ㡣
¥֮󣬹ǰһǸͭˮ裬Ȼ󻺲ߵԭĵط£ĿĪʾһ£ԼĶ棬ȵĪ֮ſ˵
˴ΪֶУһ֮ǰҴһЩ㡣
һ˵꣬㽫̯иֱֳһöһӣԼһҫĹš
ǰǰĪӱ֪ĸ֣Լ͵Ľ͡
ĪûпֽӹǰȻͷ
ǰĪһֱۣӶ͵ֶĽͣöҸģмصǡˮľɾ絽ɾ
ɾĹĪǰĻƷ֣ɵ߬һ¡
ԼһµĹͲСĪû뵽ǰȻֱӸԼɾĹݽҪ֮еء
ȥúòɣһΪõ󱲣ȻҪú࣡ǰЦŶĪ˵˵塱ֵʱĪע⵽Լصһ֡
лǰͣزǰΪĪ֣صĵͷش
㣬ҲԼ۹⣡ǰҲ˵ͷڵ
ʣµͬҲǷǳ֮֮ʢŵһöɵΪܽٵܹ֮ڹؼʱֵ̰һֽ١
ǸɫĹţһǳɲģԴľ֮ǰΪ˵ֵǳ׹䣬һΪɱƷ⳥ģһЩʱ䣬Ǽܹɽȥ֮ʱܹ¼
ĪǰĻеĲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ƷļֵԼµĹͿҪö࣬˵ֵ͵ɲԴľ񣬶Լܹ׵õġ
ܱɾĹǰΪǳ֤ɲĵļֵˣڽУĪѾܹ̺ܵľľ֮
˵һöֽֿܹٵɵĻ֮ɲͬĪЩ
ɾԪɾ֮ĸֶ֣ͨȻǷͬ죬ܹٱĶ̶ȣ±ɾĹҲѷɫ
еƷĪٴ֣صĶǰĹǰһ
ĪӣлǰͣлλǰĿأ
лˣ㶼ѾлˣԺлۼٵлǲ١ǰĪ˵
뿪ѪҹأȥʱˮԼúھǱⶼǼǿĻֶΡľ֮ҪúõȻѾ߳˺ǰͬĵ·ǾмǲҪǰס
ӽǰ̻壡Īٴεͷش
ţҪ˵ľЩ£ǱԼȥˣǰ˵꣬ʾĪӿ뿪ˡ
һ֮飬֪ǰһ¥õЩ򣬵ܷۿ󣬵Ӳǰ͵ԽˣĪԣ׼뿪ŲͻȻסԥһ֮˵


İٶʮ Ե
ĪѾõ˲ٵĺôԭҲʲôҪֻǷһ¥Щ򣬿ֻһЩͨ򣬶ҲûʲôĽĪӹۿ
һֱڶԹǰأûоԷ֮ǰĪӲûȥĶЩЩͰڷĸǰĻᣬܹû˵ĶҲû
뿪ѪҹʱѾˣ֮ǰһݺԼ֪Īӻ뿴Щ򣬲ǵõǰ֮
ǰЩ֮еݷǳĪҲǿ
Īӵ󣬹ǰĿУͻȻһ˿ЦݣȻͷ˵
Ȼ뿴Щеݣȥɣ֮ǵðȣЩȥô֮Ӧþˣ
ǰô˵ĪӶʱпЩŹ֣Ҳÿʲô֮ת¥ЩԣӼһö
ʶ̽УĪɫܿͱùŹջʶִһ򣬽˵ɿʶ̽еݡ
̽е֮Īվԭأ⼸ϵͬ
֮̽УصҪ˵ĻҲ󣬵Ƕͨɢ޻񾳽µ˵ģڹǰĽɸ˵û˿ļֵ
֮УصľȻͨɢ޲ŻĹҶֻ꾳ѡĪӿǰϵ򣬲²Щصݣºеöһ޶
΢һ£ĪһηųʶֱɨϵһöûзŹκһϵϵ򣬶ʼö࣬ȫǱȽϴǳ
ЩмصÿһŹĪɨһ֮󣬲ûзʲô֮ͺǰõЩһֻͨͨѣֹĪΨһĲοֵܾǹܸپģοһ¡
ĪӻղŹǰ˵Ļڿ⼸ϵͻȻðһͷ
ǰҰȣҰЩ͵ȥɣ
ͷһĪӾԼʮа˾Ų¶ˣôɢޣеԵ
ɳôһ˶֮⣬ͨߣôԵ˭ôͨЩɢ֮·
Ī⣬ǸʱûΪĪԭĲ룬ӦһЩǰˣΪһ̶֮󣬲ܽҲգǴͨҲãǻԭ򣬻ᴴһЩҲʵ
ȻǸģȻȻͻ䵽Ե˵
ĪֲûڿЩĪӾԼһС֣´ɢ޵ЩԪɾ֮ϵĸɢȥġ
ɢЩĿģ벥һЩӣھһЩɢ֮еĺӣҲ۲֤һЩӦûĿİɣ
Īҡҡͷǰ⼸ϵȫȻ˳˸¥С
Ĵ𰸣ȥʹǰΪղŶԷѾ˵ˣЩ֮ĪԼӦ֪ô
ȥҹǰĪ϶һԼ뷨ȥλԪɣȻǰѾˣôҲ˲Ŷԡ
ЩԪ֮УĪΪϤģȻǷ羺ˣȥʺϲˡ
羺ڵɽ壬Īһ·ɽûϵɽϣͿվڰɽķ羺
ѣѸոմսҾǰݷõѣŵѰɣߵ羺ǰ֮Ī̿˵
ĪݷãҸ˻֮˵ĪѴ˴δԭ֮ʱĪѺúһĵģĪѾȻˣҲʡҶһˣ羺ĪӵĻЦŶĪ˵
һ˵꣬羺Īӣ߽Ķ
羺ĶľɽĪӼ߾֮бȽټ
Ȼ濴Щò߽УĻȴ൱ҿռܿõҲм¡
ĪѽãʲôҪ£кĪ֮󣬷羺㿪żɽʵ
ĪҲûԼղſЩ¶ŷ羺˵һ顣
ǰݷ÷ѣҪӵ֤һ£еĲǷȷǰ˼ǲǾҽЩɢȥ
Īӻһ˵꣬ǰķ羺ЦȻֶŶһУӶļƫ̷˼ö䵽ǰȻĪ˵
ĪѼȻǰǰȣ⼸öҲĪˣһͬɢȥ
羺ݹļöĪӱ֪ԼĲ²ȷģһ߽ԷмöӹĪһ羺Լ͵
ѵĲ²ⲻɢĹĸɢȥˣô⣬ĪӦҲܹµ
΢ĩȻĴУԶܹ̲Է⣬ҪϵĽɢЩϣЩԵ˵ܹõϵƣͬʱҲ߳Լĵ·ͬĪһ
ҵԪ˵ɾϵĸ֣Ͼµʱ򣬾ͻᴴһЩĹܸپĲϡƽͺãԺĪҲŴһЩ
羺ݹļöĪҲˣΪʲôЩ˵ϡƽҴֻе꾳ݡ
ԼǰġľԪĪ֮ǰŹҲֻܹ꾳ѣšľԪҲĳλĸϾʱƷ
ȻôԵΪԵֻǰ˹µӶѡĪ
ĪӲ²⣬ɢЩӦûһεĿģǾǷֹЩźѳסеԴķչû
ڿ϶˹ǰԼ֮ĪӾͺͷ羺̸һδս£ӷ羺ĿĪ˽⵽һԪɾϵǿߣٵѹرĴ
ⳡս֮ԪɾϵǿսλصСռļУҲˡ
ҪһԵѹģˮ壬Լ壬ͬʱⳡսг֣ȻˮֻǳһСҲǲСǣơ
ˮĴȫûʱˮĸҲ̲סָ֣ѹȻиǱҲûռˣҲͬи䡣
ͷ羺˺ܶ࣬ͨĽĪӶʵҲһΪ̵˽⡣
뿪羺ĶĪԼĴЩ򣬵ȵԼ뿪Ѫҹ֮󣬻ȥʹһǰˣЩһЩԵ뵽ĪӲȻʧЦ


İٶʮ η
ɾϵĸִĹܸپĶȡ֮¹ǳϣûʲôġеĪ
ӷ羺뿪֮ĪӶԼеЩ򣬷һЩоȤ
ȻЩ򣬺Щɢ޵ûʲôͬΨһܹοĵطҲǹܸپ⣬ĪϸϸƷζһ֮󣬵ǻ΢һЩջ
ƾĪӵڵֵЩв٣ܹ׵Ľиơ
ЩҪɢȥĪӴȵԼȥ֮˳¼һЩ÷۵ĲУʵһ²ϾµʱҲԽԺĸȤҲο
еջأĪվ׼뿪Сռ䣬ȥĪδˡ
ʱѾһ£λԪѾĪǽ˲£һõ˺ô
һµʱ䣬Ѫҹ˵ԱҲָĲˣĪ໹δӣѾæµĽ׶ΣڲӦ뿪ˡ
ĪҲ֪ε֮Īδûиı⣬ϾѪ֮ѪҹߣѾҪôˡ
Ǳߣһ´ϢΪ˴սʤѪǣˮʧأǶڵķ߼ǿҪӲ˵̬֪ǲʲôı
ߣѪҹشӴ֮ѹҲܳǰݣˮʲôıӦҲ̫˻
뿪Сռ֮УĪûѶĹ򣬾ҵĪࡣ
ֳ׼ǻȥ˰ɣĪڿĪ֮󣬻ûеĪӿڣһ˵
ԣĪЦЦսѾһʱˣæµʱѾˣҲߵÿˣʱʰһ»ȥˣЩ㲻һֱţܵøһҪȻϵ󣬺ڵ㡣
ĪӵĻĪĬһ£Ȼ΢΢ĵ˵ͷûлشĪʲôĪһ˵Ļȴȥˡ
ĪںδѪҹ֮һ飬ûк¹Ҳûкڹ
ѪҹصһؿƣڳеһжˮûʱĪҲû̫ںİΣˮ֮УΧ޺ѰԼδ޵ʱĪһǻˡ
رı֮ﱻֿű֮γɵĻ֣ʱţһı䵭ĪһķǳľģڵδǲǺԼһ߱Ҫ⡣
Ƕݵʱ䣬Ī˵ȴޱȵļ尾ѾһϸҽߵηԼȴδӵĳ¡
ǶݵʱУʶʼȹĵεεĻ棬ЩƽͲģЩżԼԵϸڣڼʱȫԺ֮зŴˡ
Īʱŷ֣ԼδȻźԼͬ־򣬵־ĹУԼĲãЩˡ
ϵķʱĪ൱ʱо͸е˺ڣûиԼδһûнӭȢţûкһŮ
ͷʱ·ˮ֮УӦδڵλãĪཫĿתʱÿ÷δޣԼ߷
һ˲񽻻㣬Īеһǰδеľ޴ϲãַ·ҪĶʧõľ޴ϲøУĪ൱ʱ;ˣԼһҪŮһ
ڴսһ£ĪȻʱ䶼ھԱ֮ǰ飬ͻȻ֮ҲһЩµ
֮ǰΪѪҹصǷݽ֮⣬ĪڿʼηˣȻ̰Լ˸Ķ˸ҪǣңȻηһЩ
ָоʵָоԼȻһ¸ңĪʵϲָоҲԼ޵ҽ֮һָ⡣
ųĬû˵Ī࣬Īӿ˵㶼ףҾͲٶˣúõʰһ£Ҫ˸һ֮Ǿ͸ˣ㡣
Ȼȥ£֮ʲô㣬ǾԼˣʱ򲻹ǵﻹң̫Ԥ¡
лֳ֪ˣĪ˵ͷ
ǾͺãҲҪȥһЩǰǱ𣬾ʱ䣬Щ£Ǿ׼ȥĪĪļȻת뿪ˡ
ոպĪĽ̸ĪҲһЩĪϵת䣬ԭҪ˵ģڿǲҪˡ
˵ĳɳ̬ת䣬ͨһδεľѻģÿһ飬֮ѧһЩֶƾ˵һǧһҲԼ򵽵ġ
ĪӾã֮䣬ĪӦһЩԾͲҪԼѿˣҪ뿪ˣҪȥҲ١
ĪҪȥĶȻСռ֮еĸλԪɡ
ԴӸλԪɴս֮󣬳˹ǰͷ羺֮⣬Īӻûмʱ伸λԪҲָĪӲٶ֮ǰǱһбҪġ
СռУĪȱ˹ǰĸ¥
Īӣ׼⼸ջ磬ǰУ
Сռ¥Ķ¥ĪӹĶŹǰһ˵
ǰǰĪӣЦŶͷλȥ֮󣬼ǵһҪúǧ򲻿ɲ֮ʱ֮ڣŽΪԪɣĳһ£ˣöܽٵ˵ǵúúʹãǾ콫¡
ˣĪӵͷ˵
ڴǱĪ׼뿪ʱ򣬽ŲͻȻ΢΢һ٣Źǰʵ
ʱ䣬ܵǰչˣΪֹ֪ǰ䣬񼴽뿪Ѫҹأ֪ǰܷ֪
ǰԣ˵Լ֡
ͼ
ͼĪӽּУһ񣬱ת˳ȥ
֮Īȥ˷羺λԪһһǱֻλԪϴδս֮ˣĪǰȥǱʱҲûм
СռгĪȥѪҹصλѣǴǱ󣬾ȥġ
ԼλҲûʲô̫ĻǼ򵥵ĴǱһ£ҲĪӻɽȥúóһʱ䣬ԲҪôųɾԪɣһһ߿ԳŽ÷׳һ¡
Ī뿪֮ǰĻĪһЩһżרŸĪδ޵ĸأǰ֮ǰĪӰ飬һ£Īൽ˼ҵļУԭµʱܼһ㡣
ʣµĶһЩϣһö飬δս֮УջսƷرö飬ȫĪӵսƷϸ˵֮ĪӵսƷ
սƷķƶ˵ҹʱվջսƷѪҹصͳһеģܹĪûһö飬Ѿǳˡ


İٶʮ áԵ
ҪǱ˴к֮󣬰ԭļƻĪӴĪδޣһ뿪Ѫҹء
ȥʱ˴˵һҷۣⲢרΪ׼ģҷۣҪΪЩ̽ףе뿪ѪҹصĽʿ񵱳һҲǴѪҹġ
վڷ۵ļװϣнҪ뿪Ѫҹصˣŷ۵ĲԶ룬ĿⶼĶɢųѪɷѪҹأеĴˣҪˣҲֱȥҲûлٴ
Ѫҹ۵ӣǼ֮еĴսҲкֵܶǵĶֵһȥЩ䣬ȵȥʱԼĶ󱲣ҲԽĴξ
һһۿ죬ỨĪδޣĪ΢΢ЦЦӽѪҹǰѪǣѪǱⲻ˵ģԻǰһЩ֮ͻᷢһѾԽԽá
вϵǰУֱҲʵһƬɫǲŽ뿪˼װ壬еļء
ĪӴĪδޣûһֱŷۣΪʻһξ֮󣬷۾ͺǲ̫˳·ˣھ˲һ֮󣬺·ĪӾʹĪδ˵ǰС
һ·ϸ·ٶʵҲΪĪδ칤ѧɵĵӣȻӵԼĻٶȻûж죬·ǿԵġ
̤˹;֮Īδޣ˱Ƚż͸ϻȥĪӣʱȴЩյģ˲ĸ·
·ϣĪѾǵĴξˣܹһֱȽٶȣһ;ķ⣬ĪӻǵһΡ
һ·ϵķ羰ʱʱľͻĪפ㣬һЩȽ϶صķ飬ҲĪӷǳȤȥһ£ȻĪ;ٲҪһ飬Ǿǰѹͼͷ羺ԼЩɢȥʹһ»Եǰˡ
ĪǰʱҲӴһЩѧƷǵһЩǻûԵķʽɢЩĹУĪǳֵѧˡ
һƬѩ֮УĪδˣڱϵһɽڶһϸĵĵ߱һŮӣֳһѳھĪδ˵һˡ
ˣֳûãĪδޱ֣ͣǰı˶ԼƷǳ⡣
ţ߰ɣȥһݸ֮һݻԵĪһ˵ţһһӣǾ߱ǰ̳һԼһңһ׼ı̨бƷֱһö򣬻һᡣ
̨ⷽı棬һзǳ۵С̨֣ɫһģһĪϸС֣ſдݡ
ߵǧ飬ᴫУĪཫСֵ˳ȻͷԼֳʵ
ֳʩʲǫ̂ⷽһҪߵǧβܹеĶó𣿡
ðдģҪǵõݻԵ˱ȽļƱ̨еĶóĪҡҡͷش
Ȼˣֳд仰ʲôãĪЩһ䡣
ԣĪ΢΢һЦȻҲشת˳ȥĪҲæϡ
ԭ˼Żȥһ·϶Ǿܿĸ·ɵĪӴǲ˼Ե֮Ҳ÷ǳ˼ȥĽŲͲɵ÷һЩĪ˼顣
ϸղǸĪδޣѾһĪӲԵ
ĳµСɽȣʯͷķ϶УȻԱ֣һڵǰ֣ԼĹԵˡ
ͱںĴһѨзһαʬǣȻ˵ǺͳҵĽ֣ߣԼѧԵΪ˱棬ĪԼһЩ
ѾưУ̳£·ĴֽȥЩͨˡ
˸е˼ģ룬΢ûһΣȻͳһĸо
ĪδˣۿԼֳװһؤȻһͳһö
뿪ƬѩأĪӵ˼·һݸȻͣ
ֳδôͳԵ֮ͣĪͺĶĪʵ
ȿ˵ɣĪ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
һ·Ϸö֮󣬼ڸפͣԸصķ飬ĪӶݡǰˡĲ£һЩͬĿ
ͬһ飬ͬĽǶȲͬԴ̬ҲȻвͬߺԹߣ
Ī;ļݸз羰ĵطҲ򼫶ˣӵݸЩطİж٣ԻһЩĵطȽ٣ҲӦĽ١
ĪӸովĵط¶һƬѩأֻУȻİ档
ԭĪӾãеЩԵɢȥͿˣĪڲôˣ±øˡ
ԼеЩصĹԼ˵ûжôЩͨգѰ󹦷ŵɢ˵ܾǸı˵Ļᡣ
ĪӰ÷£֮ʱĵҲˮ֮ʱֻСľԪⲿܹʱòˮйֻץסǰĪӡ
ǰ׷һЩ÷ʦʦʦҲǵõġԵˣĪｫ䷢
ЩСţǵĿʦܿҲΪĹˣſɣŴС
ӸղڱѩеĲÿʼĪЩδӵʱ򣬱øһЩѡһЩȽϺʵġ
ͱ˵ѩ֮еĲãǷݹ֮мصˮеĹϵصĻĪӿǵõˣһûͨˣûа취Ķصһᣬ֮
Īµĵطһ·֮Īһ֮ңȻĽһö˵֮УȻһЩģɵĽ˵뿪ˡ
·;УĪ˷֣ĪӷЩƺһЩȻǻĲһЩԵʱʵѾһЩĿ֮󣬲ŻὫЩ
һ·ͣͣ˵ٶȻ̫죬ҲԽԽˡ
ԭĪӻ׼·ݸʱ˳ȥݷһհףҲһʱûˣȥɣٿհ׵ĺӣĻԼԽ¡
ݽ˺󣬾ԽԵùƼĪ࣬ĪջǴͷ׼һʱ䣬רȥݷհһΡ
Ѫҹس̤Ϲ;һ֮ĪӴĪˣڻصӰء


İٶʮ һҶĿ
ֳ㻹һͬȥɣҵġھºӹ岻ԶĪ࿴׼ֱӻɽĪӣЩĶ˵
û£ҲԼһס˵ҾͲһȥˣ⼸ҲЩˣȻ÷Ϣһ£ȵһȥ㡣ĪԣЦĪļȻתߡ
Ī뿪Īϲ¶һĨЦ֮ɫ·ǹƼɿҪſڵʱ򣬾ͱɽˣȥ϶ⲻ˱ĸһԭĪӰ飬ֻԼȥˡ
߰ɣȥǲ̫ġĪδ޿Ī࣬΢ЦŶ˵ġ
ҪҲȥҼҵʱʱ㰤ʱ򡣡
δ޵ĻĪһȻ˼ļȥԼҵδһصȷѹ
һߣĪںĪֿ֮󣬱ֱɽȥһ˳ȥеĶһ㣬ͷβҲǼµʱѣû˷̫ʱ䡣
صɽǰԼϤĵطԼеǳĵĸоٴθͷɽµƬ֣ǵķΧӹˣɽϸϸˮдһ˿˿ǳ̺֮˿˿ԴԴϵƬ֣رеһЩ
ӰصڶɢޣƽȻƬΧתеЩȴóȻժȡΪҶ֪Щ÷Լֵģ֮
ӰƬطûκһߵӴ󵽸ȥ÷۵Ķ
Ƭ֣ĪǰԶֿ·¶ɽʯס
ĪӽŲ̤ʯϣһɽȥȥµʱ䣬ɽһƺûз˿ı仯ֻɽֲƺøˣɽ³֮ľҲ൱
ɽ÷ǰĪӿ粽߽У÷һ㣬Ѿÿһϰˡ
һĪӲûж÷˵ԼľΪ÷ǲߣʦͽҲҴҼһ棬Ȼû˵仰ֻҪ֪ԷƽǱһжá
÷Ϲ֮Īӱֱӻص÷Уոߵ÷۵ſڣͿվһȴӭԼǺ
ӭʦʦɽĪӣǺͬʱһ
ĪӿԼĵӺͽ΢Цŵ˵ͷȻĿ䵽ϣϵ֮ɫŨˡ
Ѿͻ꾳ˣŬĪ֮ǰΪѾͻˣԭţԼλΪ᲻ͻƵ꾳磬ȻûԼʧ
ɽСһӣΪҲ̤꾳磬ȷһֵø˵顣
̯Īгһĳݵǰ
Դ÷̿࣬ڷܶ£˶̵ʱڣΪͻ꾳磬˪Ʒʦ㣬У
лʦĪӵĻӹݵǰ齣˵
Īӵݸ齣һ֣оһ鶯ľ֮дһ΢о齣ϣжʱһϲ
߽÷УĪӿ÷ֱߵ÷£ڶʵΪʦ뿪ЩӣӰпʲô·
ԣҡҡͷشʦ뿪ЩӣӰһ糣ûʲô·һʦйأҪʦᡣ
ĪǵĻĿ㿴ȴġ
Ҳûʲôӣֱӱ㿪ڵʦɻǵڴæǼλѵһŵǵͻ񾳽磬Ը÷ۣΪӵ£
ȻǵãѵͻƵ񾳽磬÷۰ʦˣĪԣЩĿʵ
ǵͷĪ˲ҲһЩ£û뵽Լʱ䣬֮Уͻ񾳽磬÷۰ʦˡ
Ǽ˵ƷĪӶ˽ûʲô⣬ҲǵĪܸŵԭ
˵ʶ൱һ㣬ܹһͻƵ񾳽磬ȻһЩԵŴﵽġ
΢˼һ£ĪٴοʵǼ֮һںδ
Ǹģ˻ӰУǷҪӽ䴫̿˵
Īӿһ֣Ժ̸ֳ˶ԷòǼѣĪӡͦģ˵ÿ˵֣ĪӼܶԵˡ
ҲˣٹɣҲǽոջջҪȥºӹ壬ȹ֮ٺúúġĪҡҡͷ˵
ȻһŵĪȻᷴڣϾһ񾳽ĸ֣һС֮УѾܹϵְλˣһӣ÷۵ʵҲһ׳
Ȼ÷ߵǾӢ·ߣ϶̫ĵӣèСèֻ˵ȥ΢Щᡣ
÷÷ѾӣɼܹĸˣΪһ˵˵ȷ̫ˣԶ༸Ҳ
ŵһߣĪĿЩͻƵ꾳֮õСͨʲô
Īӵʳ֮һۣȻŻش
ʦõСͨһҶĿӦһֻɣ
֮ڻش֮ǰһۣΪҲǶе㵣ģոջСͨʱ򣬷ԼСͨȻֻһֻʱⲻ˻Щʧ
ʦȴõСͨܲպúŸһЩ
ȻԼʦĻԼûз֣ԼСͨײĪӵѯʣԵЩûе
Īӿı飬ȻֿһһԵǣڵʩչͶʩչͺã
ԣ΢΢˵ͷԼСͨǻûʲôɱԶĪʩչҲʲôѹԼҵʦǶɹ˴ֵ׼ˣûвԼܹ˵Īӡ
ʩչԼСͨĪֻ˫̯һƬɢ̹ҶͬһӰһ㣬б䵭ȻԼǰ˲һڣĿ⿴κζˡ
ˣĪϵһийҲܵӰ죬һͼӰʶ
ʵĪȣʵڲ̫ˣСͨҪӰ쵽ĪӣҲʵЩδĪӲûǿƿֻǳ̽һСͨСͨҲֻǼѣԶɢȥˡ
ǰ»ָĪӿ΢ЦŶͷһҶĿǧɽСͨܲͨĻô򵥣صڣСʶ֮ѪܹӰõպúΪˣȻ׸ʹˡ


İٶʮ ȥ˵
ڵõԼʦʦ˵Ŀ϶֮ԼõСͨĵﳹ׵Ŀ϶ˡ
ҪԼʦһ˿϶ԼСͨȻţл΢Щҡټͨʦûκεˡ
ڼ򵥵ѯʱ䷢֮ĪӾתȥ˲ڲһЩհ׵򣬽Թͼͷ羺˵Щ¼ЩհУڲڡ
ЩȻô󣬽÷УҲܻЩڲڣܹҲһݵ̣պ÷۵ĵ˵ҲЩοֵ뿴ͦ˵ġ
֮Ī˻ؼҵĪ࣬ͻȻЩ֪ôˣųʶºӹһɨԺбӳһ档
ºӹļУĪɽĪδĪһվǵǰĪɽ򸾶ǵͷһ䷴Ļ˵ֻʱʱ̧ͷһһĵĿδޣһĵɫ
һĻĪ¶һĨ΢ЦջԼʶֻа뵽ԼҵĶӣվǵûš
ĪɽѵĪ࣬һѵ⣬ҲʵάҪĪδǰһ̬˺ϱ
ջʶ֮Īӱص÷£µϣеı˫ֱۣɫʱĪվʶٴ̽ºӹķ򣬿Ļ棬Ǽڣ˵ЦĻ档
ɽĪȥһݣ˽˰ɣ֮ӦȥһĪǸˡĻ棬ĪмƻԼҪ¡
ĪǱߣҪ˶þҪˣԼֳģʱεȥһˣԭ˴ͱȽԶҪ˶ȥǾʵ̫˵ȥˡ
ݻĪĻͲ׼ˣ֮Ҫһݣȥհףһ㣬ĪӷԼڵг̻٣Ҫ׼ĶҲ١
ڽԼҲûʲôҪ£Щ飬еʱúĪҲͲЩˡ
صԼУһҹʱܿ͹ȥˣʱĪ߳䣬ǡһʼ˽Ρ
һ꣬ĪӸоԼϷ·ȥһ˿ɱ̬׻ָյƽ͡
֮ĪָһǺȻ󿴿ʱ䣬ת뿪ɽǰºӹ塣
ºӹĸĸУѾڵȴĪˣĪ߽֮󣬼˶ĿͶ
ĪȶĪɽ򸾵ͷȻĪδޡ
ĪӵĿ⣬ĪվĪ֣صһȻ˵ͷֳһȥһݡ
ˣ仰Īֱӱ㿪˵
ĪȿڣͼˣĪֻҪ׼һƸһͬȥһݣǸ˼ͬҲǶ֮ʽƸ׼˵Ļ¡
ƸЩ׼ܿ죬ֻһʱ䣬һоѾ׼׵ˣһЩ֮ǰʵоѾˡ
ϣĪӴĪˣ׼ǰݣڳ֮ǰĪӽӵһݰټѧôż
żǰټѧð˴ݵģݸĪϢˣһԺݵģĪӲʶˡ
żݣǺĳĪǰݣԿˮ壬е֮䣬Ī֮ǰѪҹظˮǳƳ磬˼Īһ֮ǰ׳١
֮ǰյһţЩֵζĪѪҹһٸˮ飬ʵķΧ㣬֪ҲȽ١
֪ˣҲɢȥٲֵˣĪҲôġ
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ŶһԣĪѹûôҪȽĪ飬ȻܣȥݣԺлɣǸʱΪٶԪɾˡ
ĪӴĪδ޳ǰ˺ݣڼ䣬Ѫҹһ֮ˮ£ȴ֪Ӻδˡ
֮ģһЩĪӸ߸Ϣ˵Īͨˮ֮رǿֶͨΣܹ׾ٵĶԸˮ壬Īȥ˺ݣǴӴ˺ݾͿԸơ
ЩϢ֪ǴﴫģȻ߷ӦǳѸ٣ܿͽϢѹȥɻһЩеİյ֪ˡ
ĪҲǰݵ·ϣҲϢȴû̫ǣֻһЦ֮
⣬ɱֶҲãҪԼȥݣյĽǶԼʱõ÷ǽ֮Լ¾ͺá
⣬ĪӾȫҪԼôһЩ֣ԼעһЩ
ĪδݣԭƻȥǸȻ׼ס
УĪӺĪһܵδ׼Ҽ˵İۣҲֻЦڿĪԵǸԵñȽгķϣδ׼Ҽû̫֣ôǽˡ
ĪһϴĪλ׼Ԫ֤ԼĪδްæһͬϴ֮£δ׼ͬԼ
δ׼֮ĪʱٴվǰǷ˳͵Īδ˵
Īµȷ׵ҲΪһǻЧ֮ģʧԼ֮òã⼸ѪҹأȷҲһЩ飬ٻ֮ǰλһݣһͬϣ֮ܶ½ӡ
ĸżĪרѡʱóλδ׼ҵѾĲˣʱóױţԵøг⣬˳Ž̸һ̸£Ҳܹ˳һЩ
Ȼԭһ󣬼Īϴ̬ãδѾٿݣлһЩĲãҲɢˡ
û뵽Ѫҹص⼸꣬ʵһȻһЩҲȷпԭĪδһЩ˵
һ˵ֽ꣬ͷתĪӣĪղΪβżóҲԵ̫ˡ
仰֮ĪӾ֪Լһ˵Ŀˡ
ƸԼɻ֮£ͱ÷ǳ˳ˣ˻ϵ£ϸںܿľͶɻҲѡˣĪӾʹЩĪ࣬ȥ׼ˡ
ڻȥ·ϣĪٴһЩϢ֮ǰЩϢֻ࣬һεķ򳹵תˡ
֮ǰǾĪߴǰĪȣ˵Ī˽̰ԸΪף֮ġ
ЩϢڶУĪû˿ɱܹΪôһ¶ҡһΪǲӵˮ̫ˡ
Ī࣬Ϣ֮쳣ķŭ밲οĪӣڿĪӺ֮󣬱ο˷
£ʹȥ˵ǣлЩ޵Īֻ࣬صӰء


İٶʮ 
÷УĪŰټѧøոżżݣɫ΢Щ졣
żȻǰټѧôΪתģŵģżݣȴʱ徳ڹĪӵЩԷйء
ļţƺУԭίһ£˵ڵĴ
ʱĪйصĴţǺǱߴģϢԴȻˮ壬ĪϴˮĴôˮһ֮⣬Ķȫûˣ˲صʧˮ嵱ȻҪˡ
Ҳ֪ҪĪӣʱ΢΢ĪԼƵƵı߹ǰ࣬Ǻҵᡣ
ε飬ֻˮһΪҲûбųɹϣһ׼Ҫ̬ʱһµڶ฽塣
ǱߣͨĪӵ飬ץһԻͨټѧɵӣǷżݸĪӵģټѧɵĵӣҲԼѧɵʦȥˡ
ǳļı˵ǱĪնɱĳĳֻӲ̫õƶģǼ٣ĪӾͲ֪ˡ
żٲ˵ǶĪӵĺдŵˣиĪӣúôҪųɾԪɣҲҪǰܡ
еŷ£Ī¶һ˿΢ЦԼûг׵ǿ֮ǰԼСǺϧġ
˵Īǿܽٵٻ֮ǰͼԶշŵҩŵҩĲ򵥡
Դõҩ֮ĪӻûüúõȥŵҩˣĪӾͽеҩǸ˳
УĪӷӾͷǳĲ򵥣濴ȻһͨĪӣƾĪӵ۹⣬ܹûڵѱϸСģֻҪԼһ£ܹƳһ
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ϸĿ֮ĪӶںװܽٵиǿ˲٣ѵѪ֪öҩǺܲ򵥡
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Īӿŵҩ֮еŹâԼ֮еһ˿еĹŹֵĵϣ֮е鱦Ԫ«һҲеһ˿
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Լʵ鷳٣ȻݱȽϰȫ˭֪᲻һ챻ĳֶΰˡ
廨ŵСͨһ˭Ҳ֪һòɢޣ᲻һǳСͨһлǽá
ܽٵУûͨҩڼĸоֻǵҩıһЩ
Īû⣬ŵҩ븹УܽٵĪµһ̣ĪӸоҩڻˣһֱڵҩתǵâ˲串ϣȻһ֮롣
УվĪӣҲһâǣĪӵĸ֪֮УоԼڤڤ֮жһֺûзκθı䣬ϸ׷ָоĻĪӾԼһ
ı˫ۣĪϸֱ仯ַ·Լһĸоһַǳĸоκα仯ûУԼãڤڤ֮һָоҲԼ
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⾿λ֣֮边˾أ컯һ¯㼯Ƴ浤
öܽٵˣĪڼֱͶأԷһΪߵܣ֮ϵ裬ƵǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ַ·ԼһЧĪھϸϸ֮ͨٴڿôһ˿˿İִ˴˽ڵĽ
ϧĪѾöҩ£ЧҲѾӳˣûа취
ԼոշµܽٵĪڶ̶ȣѾһǳ̵ʶԭΪõĽ֮УӦǽɾڿӦöܽٵŶԡ
Чɵ͹ĲϣԶ쳣ټˣԼƳĵҩĳɹʣֵ֮󣬾ԷǱѰ
ĸܸԼһöҩǾ֤˶ԼĿء
ܽٵ֮ĪӸֶܵԼݿأҲһЩж֪Լתݱ׵Ľˣǰ磬ݺɰٴĲؽȴʼղġ
ҩѾˣ֮ûʲô̽ģĪӵǰһҪǾռӵ¡
ǰ΢Щнȴֵ÷ǳĪû̿ڣϸĴ
Ϊڵļ֮һҲɽæĪӶǰвӡڻ֮󣬾˵¡
ΪĪ飬ĪӲûֽ̼Է˼죬ֱż
ôԭһĪûʱ䣬ŸոմݻܵһһĪҲ΢һ£Լһʱ䣬Է᲻ʲôԹԣʹ뿪Ǵ¾͵ûз
ǰ΢ЩнԷ΢һЩ鸡ϢĪӱ϶Լ֮ǰĲ²⣬ȻһЩһЩͻ񾳽ġ
Ȼأͻ񾳽磬˶ڵӦҲൽ˱׼ܸвȣȴвȵĻᡣ
ڿһ֮Īڿڶ˵
֮ǰɽʱŵǼˣȵͻ񾳽磬˻Ը÷ۣұΪӣȻͻ񾳽磬ɽұгŵΪӣ
Īӻ䣬ԭ΢Щн̹ڵأĪ˰ʦ
Īȫûƾɰʦվֽʦݶ̵
һ㣬ԲԸ㣬ӽ÷۵ĵˣ÷۵ŹҲ֪պʱģҪΥŹ¡
ʦĽ̻壡ԣ̹Ļش


İٶʮ õ
ҹĻ٣ɽһͥԺУɽϵҹ¾ɫ鵽ڻǼƽ
ɽʦѾһʱˣĪӸոմѪҹعʱʵѾõϢֻûеõĪټѡ
ֱĪ֮ȥݣоЩˣĪʵӡ
ϾĪӣһλ˾֪׼Ԫɣʱ̤Ԫɾ磬ԼһɢΪͽԼûе
ûеһԭ򣬾Ϊܹôͻ񾳽磬ԴһЩԵɺϣͻƵķǳңϢЩ鸡˳ͻ񾳽磬ҲԼû̫ĵ
ЩԭȥĪӵʱ򣬲űֵô
û뵽վȻ˳ĪֻϸƬ̣Ϊӡ
ɽϵҹʵǵһιۿ֮ǰļΣȴöûнҹÿΪӽ쿪ʼɽ÷ۣ˵ͲһʱסĵطͬҲʦţҲһߵݾסɽĿᣬ÷۵ӵݣɽԼľ
һ룬ٸеһ˿ʵӽտʼͲһɢˣ´μڵʱǲѣԳһʦˡ
뵽ǲ¶һĨ΢ЦĿ÷۵ķ򣬵ȵʱεˣͿټԼˡ
תȥ߽ԼͥԺԼĴϣϵЦȻûԴ֮ҹϢ඼Ǵ˿ȴԵһ˿⣬ı۾˯ȥˡ
˯֮ǰȻһͷǵЦûʧӽҲмѽ
ÿһƯ˵ˣҲգϲҲã;վҪһͣЪĵطĪǰһ仰еյǼҡ
һҹ޻ڶһ磬÷۵ξͶһһʼһΡ
ǰɽסԶҲϤ֮УȫĪûʲôرĻڣĪӶĿ࿴
˶ѧϰȻǴ뿪ɽ֮󣬼ǿԼԵѧϰһϸĴĦڵ;вСĽ
һιǽ̵ʱ䣬ѧֶһǾǸոհʦ
ȻǼӣĪҲҪһЩû취ԴǺôģɼȻΪʦӦþְҪġ
ϵⲻ٣Ϊһɢޣл⣬ÿ׶ӦѧϰĶкܶ඼ûѧͻ񾳽磬ǽȣҪúõľһ¡
ڽ˶˵Ľ̵֮ĪӾרŰһ½̵ļƻ
ϵĶ࣬͸ǳıڵҪ񣬲ǼԼΪֲĻ͸ڵ;ߵøԶ򣬱񾳽磬ò˶ãոͻ꾳ҲܹɵĳԽ㡣
֮һЩÿһЩʱȥжڷġĵ֪ʶҲѧϰԶһǺҪе˼ѧȺ󣬴Ϊȡ
ΪѾﵽ񾳽磬ĹòŸˣΪʦʱ޸һÿʱ򣬶ȥɽͤһǳ֮Լĸᴿڵ
Īӽ̵ļƻ˵꣬㿪ĵĵͷйɢ޵ľΪȫżϾΪֲô׵ģʦȹ̸ҲΪ˽·ܹߵø˳Ȼ֪ô
Щ֮ĪӴȥһ÷ã÷ͷ㣬÷۶һӵ飬֪÷ʽ÷ǽ
ɽȽ䣬ɽ϶һˣ΢Ҳܹһ㣬죬ѧϰ̬ȣҲĪӸеǳ⡣
ȷĪӵĻȥˣÿѧϰĪ̵Ķ֮⣬ǷȱĻȫ˲ʣвĵطͻȥǺ
ദҲǳⴳķḻ飬ʱҲһЩľһЩҪע֮
߶Ạ̊́ҪĪʵڳ鲻ľΪҪĪһ׼Ļ
СĪӺټĪһôģϸĵĳ̶ȣϸС£Ϊǳģȫ׷ƾ̬ȡ
ȻطĪ඼ҪĪ࣬ĪʲôĪ࣬ϣĪѰİ
ϸڵĲãƷҪıͣҪ˰æĵط飬Ī඼ܵĲ©ȱҪԼܣһԼΧ֮ڣõĻ
Ҳ׼ĻȻЩ޷ȣѾĪྡԼܣ޶ܹˡ
ŻʱٽĪɽܵĴҲԽԽˣĪ׼Ķûа취ʱ׼á
ǰ΢һЩƣ֮ɫĪ࣬ĪóԼ׼õĶȻһ
ʱúϢһ°ɣ̫ˣĸ׼ҿˣ׼ĶѾ׼׵ˣʣһЩ飬ǻҪģҪþƾҲǰ֤һж̫ˣ
ĪĪӵĻ¶һĨЦ˵ֳ˼ףʱҵȷЩ̫ںˣҲ˵̫ˣʼȴĲ£Ļʲôû׼׵ġ
ֳ̫ܲڵ飬ڴִ֮ŵģҪ콫ӭȢţֵĽܸܲҸеЩ˵
Īԣļ򣬼˵Ҫ̫ˣѪҹ֮Ѿ׳ˣ֪ԼӦôڻ⣬Ѿ׼ĺܺˣʣµ飬Ȼеֳڣʲôӵģ
ֳڣҵȻˣֻǣҪӭȢԼ֮ˣҪĻõģ׼Щ󣬵ҵȷġĪĪӸĶһ˿ƣ֮ɫϣ¶ҸЦݡ
Ī΢ЦĪӽҲû˵ʲôΪ˵ʲôĪҲȥԼ֪ģ֡
ĿĪ뿪ĪһֱʧԼҰ֮Уתͷȥ˺ɽ֮
ĪҪԼδõģҪܵĸһĻĪֳģȻþľİ
ȻԺܲûô۵Ķʵе£ĪӺԸ⿴Լĵܵܺ͵ϱܹ۱ֵóһЩһ
壬кܶ౯׳ɸʷʫȴЩתİ飬ƽ֪ĪϣԼĵܵܺ͵ϱҲƽ֪ȵȥʱиļȥζ


İٶʮ Īɻ
ʱţ÷¾ãɽϵĪӡǵˣŵɽϵƽֳʵģرŵԴȹΪʵҰĵһʱ⡣
ÿʦ̵⣬ܹ̣ͬõʱĪҲָһ£ôݵʱ䣬ȻΪûߣȴоԼͰʦ֮ǰȣʵѾ˾޴Ľ
ԼʦżĽ̵вûκεĲǸеЩܳ
ΪһӣȻû÷۵ġľԪԭĹĪҲΪݸһùľ̶˲ֹһ
ĪӻΪָ˽ĵ·ƽϽ̵ʱҲֳһЩʱ䣬ÿɽͤУݳ޵ǳ֮Ĵȡ
磬ΪӣܹݴľԲ࣬Ǵûм
Щӣǵʦֻǲݲݵָһ£ָܹʱһЩûн̹µļκζֻǼһṩһЩӻѡ
ԣԼĴѾеЩܳˣͬʱԼܹ÷ۣ뵽Īӵ£δĵ;Ҳġ
ÿóʵĵɽܵĪ࣬͹üҸˡ
ҸҪİȢؼˣǳɻһٽ׼Щκһϸڳ⣬ⳡûôˡ
һѪҹصϴѾȫĳˣԼĻʱ򣬾ȻʼЩˡ
ĪʼȰĪ֮֮ûȰˣΪ˷Щûãɾʲô취
ΪֳĪֻܰܽﱸøƣ˳˼ɣδһǻʱ⽫һޱõĻ䡣
һۣʱڵ˿Ҫӭ׵ˣǱߵ׶ѾˣӰߣȻҲҪ
÷٣һûиϻĪҲûȥ֪ͨ԰æȻ͸ˡ
Ī˲ٵͬѣӸټѧõͬͬǳԺæڰټѧɵ֧ʶѣҲǰæġ
ӭ׶֮ǰӰؾڣɽҰͻȻͱһƬʰ쵵ʻӰصÿһ䣬΢ǹ۵ĻƢͬʱҲʵ׷ɣӰ߷·һƬ˼ɾ
Ӱؿʻ⵱ȻĪӵֶˣӸڣ˶֪÷۹ĵܵҪȢˣӸڣûκһ˸ʱ¶ˡ
һƬյǳ֮Уӭ׵Ķڳˣǰȥӭ׵ĹУҪĪʩչʲôֶΣΪĪæİټѧͬѾȫЩˡ
ѧ꣬ĪʶѣǰټѧɵѧӣҲ˲ѣΪټѧɵѧӣһֶȻס
ĪѾ׼ãټЩѧӺĪӵİһ·ǰȥӭ׵·ϣӭ׵Ķ·ڲʺ֮ϣŵһƬƬ꣬ûڵ̳һ̺֮У֮ڶ
һֱȵݵıԵֹͣȻӭ׶ˣͿʼĵȴ׶ĵ
ĪӲûиӭ׶һʶȴʼӭ׶ΧŷһУֹκⷢ
һսе÷ǳ˳ںʵʱ䣬׵Ķ׼ʱһ̣ĪѾεġ
Īӣ˶ǰټѧɵѧӣǰȥȡ»ˣҲǰټѧɵѧӣľͱȽһЩˣϲʫף͵ǱȶˣʵǶλ˵ף
ӭ׶鿪ʼأһ·ûзУǲʱɻ̳ɵĺ̺ٶҲǳӰض
ӰߣĪкűͣǺҲڰæкſˣĪɽ򸾣ͬһϲɫкѡ
ӰطΧڴϯǰףصıҲǳĶ࣬Īѣļ񾳽ϵĸ֣ĸ֣ҲˣӸĸΪ׵ĻʳԱҲ˲٣Ӹټѧõĸλ£ҲѾϯ䡣
ֵһǣ֮ǰĸĪλҽʿҲصԶ
Īӵĵܵܳɻ飬ΪĺѵհףȻǲȱϯģĻȽ硣
ʱ䲻հ׳˸оֳһЩϵϸһЩ֮⣬òϸ΢ôһ仯дų죬Ͷ֮䣬Ѿǵ湫ˣˡ
ֻǼ򵥵Ĵ˸кȻһЦĪӾͽհӭ˽ȥ֮飬Ȼõȵʱ
ӵı֮⣬ЩסӰصɢޣҲѵôֵ飬Էǰ
ЩˣĪȫûϵĵЩɢǴҲãֺҲգˣȫǻľϯϣͲȱһλ
ȵĲʱӭ׵ĶҲˣź۵λˣе˶Ͷȥ͵Ŀ⡣
Ī౾ͳòϸĵĴһ֮󣬴˿ҲԵÿʷǷڽϣǣȻһȻĹ⻷˵Ŀ⡣
ΪⳡĪ׼˺ܾãԭڻʼǰڵʼʱ򣬷ǳ׵ƽˡ
һǣĪǰȥΪĪδӽ᫘Ȼ˻Īɽ򸾵ߡ
ɻǿʼУ̷ǳ˳ûн֦׶飬ҲŻľУϵЦԽԽá
ĪҲõһУܿҶⳡӣԼ˼޹ŽҲܹúܺá
еǽ֮ϯʼһĲȱϲ
Щȿɶǳʳҵ֣֮ζЧǼѵģλĸ֣Ʒζ֮󣬶Щ޲ڡ
ܹЩʳҵӳ֣ȻĪҵİˣĪɻ飬ΪõĪԭҪԹģֻУжЩ㣬ʯҾʹһȺǰæ
ǺĪҲ׼ң׼ҵ£ȻҲԼ£ǵĵ͸ⳡˡ
һæµ֮ⳡ׼õĻûκβ˳ˣмûгκεĲõ˺ܾõĪ࣬еǳҺ㡣
Īߣʼ͸λ뿪λĸ֣кϵϺõѣȻҪȥ͵ģľͿԽɵӴ͡
Īһʱ䲻հףβûм뿪ĪӴкͺԼһȥɽ
ȵеıͶ͵Ĳʱ򣬻һλݱȽҪıû뿪λҽҵʿ
ʿлԶ粻ղɽ齣ȵ֮ĪǰݼĪߵλҽʿǰ΢ЦŶ
ˣǱˣʿԣֱӸɴĴӦ


İʮ ʦʿ
һֵĻӰ¹ºӹ壬Īҵ˻æµţΪ׶黹û뿪ЩҲҪʼա
׼ҷģӽ⺢ĪҵϱԲʲôίġӦߵ߹һ֮׶뿪֮ǰĪɽű֤
ΪĸĺܸܹŮɼңĪӣⷽǲκεָܹڽӴģֻһĪˣôʡġ
ĪǳɼˣһǣңҲʱȥˣΪ˸ĸ˵ŮǣԶͣ£ĪڳɻˣһǿҪűˡ
仰ȥҲԽˣλҵ㷵ݣϣպϾ֮ʱ׼Ҷ߶׵Уͷ΢Ц˵
ӱãеǳҲȫûпԼҺӣ涼÷ǳλɴ˾ͿԿĪҶӣҲԼҵŮĪҹòá
׵Ķ飬ⳡĽˣºӹļУĪӿ۵Īˣ΢Цóһݸˡ
ӰƵС⣬ҽջ񳡾Ӱ֮Уվ͸ǣһǵ»պϾóۿ
ӹĪӰĪӶһۣЦŽӰ£ҶĪӵл
Ӱֻһͨķѣֵڷ֮ҲΪ书ֻǼ¼ѣûʲôս֮ЧҲܴﵽЧ
Ī˵ȴ͵ķǳʣرĪ࣬溦Īӻ͸ʲôĻ£ҲвС
Сһֱڴֳȡûлرʲôһγɻ飬ҲĪȡ˲ٶĲٴĪȡʲô
ڽգʱһɽҽҵĻʿû뿪Ҫ㣬Ҫ˼ҵȵ̫ˣͳ֮Īûм£ֻǶĪһ֮󣬱תصɽ
ɽλˣֱհ׻һҵĻʿհߣƾ֮ĹϵĪӲõʧʲôģʿҪĪ˺úдһˡ
Էݲһ㣬ټϺܿĪʦβܵ
صɽ֮ĪӺܿ÷۵÷£һƷհ׺ͻʿˣЦǰȥ
׶뿪ǰȥһδ֮ˣЩʧˣʿĪ֣
Ӧ֮£ĪóԺúȵдţʧ֮˵ĪӻʿЦŻش
ȵĪҲ֮󣬻ʿߵ÷ԴһЩ̾˵˵÷۵÷ĴҲũ÷ռ÷ŷ֪ĸ죬ʵ˱ҩ֮ѡ
Īֵ÷ڵȷ죬ǵִӰصʱ÷ȻһЩ֮ȴԶ죬ɼĪֺķ˶ֶκѪհҲЦſ˵
÷ܹɳֵزʵҲհ׸еȣּľ徳ڶ
Ī΢ЦŸûϹܿ콫ĪϣҲǻʿĿġ
֮ǰ˵ʿĪ࣬׼һжȣĪӻҪú̽̽ԷĿڷ硣
Īߵհ׺ͻʿ˶ǻԨ֮ˣĪӽĪ֮հȻһʼ֪飬ѾԼ˲²⣬ʿߣѾĪӵ˼£ܻĿڵ
Ī˼ףѪҹؿĪʱһƬЧ֮ģұ㶯ϧ֮Ҫһԭȷֻһ£һЩպɾͣȫ컯ʿ˵ͻȻͣһ£ĪЦЦȻ˵
Ѫҹǰһʱս֮УĪྭһƺһЩ˶ҽѧ˵УЩҵԤϣصǰ
˵꣬ĪҲȻˣԷ֮ǰĪǸ˲ţҪһ£ȴ̫󣬾յļһܹõʦĴڣò洫
ԷղŵĻƺתĪҲżŶԷġ
ҽģΪˣ֮ҽ߹ȻǿɾȻǣңηҽߣܹӶҽ֮һĴ󰮣ʶĪ࣬ΪµӣĪΣʿûʲôӣֱӰԼҪ˵Ļ˵˳
һԵհţһĨ֮ɫһλҽҵʿȻԸĪΪͽĪ˵ǿһݴ컯δпܳΪҽµʿ
ʿӷģĪӶϵĲ豭ԼԵĻʿһϴ΢Ц˵
ĪΪԷµӣȻĪġ
ʿҲǰĲ豭һؾĶȻһеĲ衣
ٷ²豭֮΢Ц˵һ仰ĪΪͽ֮ţҲĪֳ
仰˵꣬˱ͬʱת˻⣬ǳĬĲ̸¡
ûʲôԵ޹ʵģЩ㵽ɣûбҪ˵͸֪ɡ
̸۵Ļ⣬Ҫҽ֮ˣΪټѧ֮Уӵ֮һֱʢҽңѧ˵Ȼȡ֮һλҽʿһɶõĻᡣ
ʱĪոսæµϿɽǰݼʿҽĸ߲֮һǰμĻȻܵ
Ī֪ʿɽټԭ֮˵ı鶼סˡ
ʿղ˵ҪӣĪЩŵĿǰĻʿЩɣԼǲ˻
Īı֣ǰһЦȻʿ˵ûѪҹ⼸ıֲ㱾Ŭҽ֮һЩУΪӣԸѧϰ
Ը⣡ٴεõһ϶Ĵ𰸣Ī൱û˿ԥ¶ϲ֮ɫնĻش
ԭһδѪҹعΪѪǵ£֮ĸѾԭļƻ˶ҡôȥı߹ǰˡ
Ѿɻ飬ĪҲڿǣҪЩʲôȥΪ٣һҽߵݣˣһ
ЩĪԭҲûпǺãһõѡǰǸŻʿѧϰ
ĪӦ˸ɴ࣬ʿҲ¶һĨЦݣĪӺհ˵ļ֤£Ī뵽˻ʿ£Ϊ˻ʿĵӡ
й˰ʦ֮󣬻΢ЦĪӵļ˵ոճɻ飬ڼ㸸ĸˣһ֮ҽ֧ʼΪʦѧϰ˳Ҳ̵һ֧ѧϰҽҵӡ


İʮһ ѵ֪
Īʦ֮ĵڶ죬ҽҵĻʿ뿪ɽƽҲǷǳæµûܹʹΪҽҵʿеΣҪһЩܹ׳ҽң顣
ڻʿ֮ǰĪ÷ز÷÷ƣǳĽˣԼպʱ䣬µĵǰȥݷá
ĪΪһ֮ĹȻǰˣǰһĪȻһֳ÷Уհжһ÷ƣ̵ĺһڣȻĪӵЦ
ϵ飬ҽҼȻͬҵļֵȻҪ˳ˮ֮ã÷պķչȷҽҶ֮ССһó˶ҲĪһ߸Լžƣһߺ˵
ЩҪ˵̫ЩҲղ˵˻Щû˼ȷ˫кô¡
ҽԼһ£Ҷ÷۵÷ҲȤĪͬҲԸҽҽãҲҽң÷۶һõҩ˴˻ݵ飬ֶΪ
ǿҪɵˣλ˺ö࣬˵ķʽҲ֮ȣɵúúõհһ£ҪȻٹʮ꣬ҪټĪһ棬ɾඣհϴЦݣЦ
ĪûĿһۣȻ󿪿ڵĲְصʱܹô
ǵȻˣΪһΣǱҪ츣һҵ±ǰѾ׵ĺתˣҪøӷ٣Ҫʱ䣬һʱҲҪ滮֮ơհһںеľƣһ˿ζ֮ɫ˵
ȻĲʲôʱѺ͹Щҿµóһʱ䣬ÿԺúõĽһӡĪһ׼հһƣͬʱ˵
ĪӺհ׵Ľ飬Ѿհ׳ŵֻҪֻԸͿ԰Լ£ѾȥüˣպͲˡ
հҡҡͷֹסĪӵĶڵˣ÷ƵȷǺþƣڸоѣЧҲ̫ǿˣȻ̰һٺȥЩˡ
Ҳҵðݵ£Щʣ⼸Ѿʼѧϰټ֮ҵĵճӣǱһú볯Ϊ٣Ҳ̫Ȥ
ȻˣǾ˰ɣĪӵ˵ͷյϣҪǿʲô
ҵĳԵĪ£ĪֵĳŵҿǼŵģպãŰʦʱĪֵʱɲܲˡհ׿ĪӣϵЦݲ䣬ǳĶĪ˵
Īཻ꣬ۼ֤Īӵ𣬶ĪӵհǴͬģԼҪ֮·ϸʦǷĪĪ
ʱٿɣ̫ĻǾ͵û˵ĪӶе÷ƣһ˿Цش
⵽ʹסˣ̸飬̸ཻݷǳԣоС£ʳĴ£йȤ£̸۵ķΧ
˵עһ¶Уʱ˵ľͼʶõܶණͬҲʧȥܶණ
һ·ǰеĹУߵѣĽнԶ·ߵԽԶǰе˾Խ٣һܹ˵˶ûС
ĪӺңԼһ񣬳֮⣬һ飬ʶ΢ĩ֮ʱɡ
ʵĪһհֺγأںңܹõĽҲúܶණһҹӣ˱񣬾ֹޱȵĵ壬հףͬԼİΪֹܹͬҺȫƢϣҲֻǰĪˡ
հ׺Īһʱ䣬Ī֮ǰѪҹصľհҲ֪һЩĪ׳֮󣬺ĪӵһհҲȫȰĪʱҪͻԪɾ磬úɽЩꡣ
ĪĻˣĪӸɵҲ˵ˣȻҪ͵һʱΪһ֮հҲûа취Ӱ̫ʱ䣬ڻʿ뿪֮ĵ죬հҲ׼̷ݡ
ԭǴһʱ䣬ȥһݿ㣬δĵӣȻˣδĵַˣǶʱҾͲˣʲô£ǵøһݡ׼ȥհףĪЦŶ˵
Īַİɣ˵£϶ⲻҪ鷳һ㡣հҲЦŵ˵ͷ
׼̧Ϸ۳ʱհͻȻ뵽ʲôȻͣ˽ŲĪӿʵ
һĪ֣֮ǰŻӸִ֮ʱıΣ
׼뿪հףͻȻԼʳһ仰Īת֮䣬Ѿհ׵˼
֮УѾ͸¶˺ܶϢ¾ĪԼ֮ǰ²һ˻֮λпһεĽ棬Ĵ壬ƺѾһ㡣
˻ʡĪӿڣԭʵ㶫³ֹ֣̱סˡ
Ѿɹ˴֣ʳʱҲˣı߹ǰߣͻԪɾ֮ǰĪҲȥģԹЩûбҪʱ䵽ˣһȻһ
ŻмֲѧҲȽأִ֮ʱ޴֮٣ȴС£Ϣĸıȫ֣ر㣬ȴܺϸ񣡡հףĪӽӸִʱԼӡ˵һ顣
ˣ֪ˣհĪӵĻȻ΢΢һͷת˷ۣ뿪Ӱء
ŷԶȥķۣĪԺͻȻ˻͵Ӱֺܿ콫ӰӳԺ
ĪӲ֪˻ϵ׷ʲôԲŻԼһӰˣǶԼ޹ء
˻ͣĪ˵ʲôϲ񣬶Է֮ˣԼνȴûпԼ˼⡣
ԼƤִ˼ʱ䣬ĪӶٻ˽⣬ԷֳȵԸ񣬶˵Ϊһε˻ʣӦһѡ
Īǰʷ֮УЩеıȽϾԶĻʳھһλ۲ŴԵĿ֮󣬽һλʵۣǰչָֻĻʵۡ
ĵʷĿαУ̫ƪȥǵĹʷ֮УɻŨīزʵһʡ
Ѫǣǰĺ󻼣Ҳڼ֮ǰˣһϢĺʱһִעչ˻ʣӦһ¡
»ص÷УĪӾͽЩ鳹׵˦Ժ˻Ƿ飬Щʱ֤ͺã̫ಢûʲôá
Īڵһ£Ҫһˡ
ӣĪҪˣʱĪҲҪҽҵ֧ǵʱһȥúõĿĪ
ĪӣΪߣҪȥҪҲҪ͵ġ
ĪҲڿ˼ʲô֮ǰ͸հ׵ЩͷǳȥУҲһģһģҲһЩ⡣


İʮ 
հ뿪֮󲻵һµʱ䣬Ī»ӣ˾׼ǰݡ
ĪһܹʿΪӣһ֮ϲԭڽҪʲôЩ岻ķ޶ˣ˲һõѡ
ڻʿѧϰľ֮󣬽ҽңĪ඼ܹøߵĵλδ飬ԶڵѡҪöࡣ
кܴĿܣĪҲҽҵ֧ˣ޶ͬУһȥͲ֪ʲôʱٻˡ
ȥ֮ǺĪñȽϽˣƽҲһߣʯ׼ң涼ʲô⡣
һͬǰݵУȻٲĪӵӰĪϾҪˣ⻹ϣһԼѪĺ󱲣ĪӻͦڴСһĵġ
һǰȥɲǴԼȥĪĺӣϻеŸĸС
ٳ֮ǰĪӵĸصؽƵСЬСｻĪӣĪȥ
ĪӽӹЩʱϸ⼸ƽϸܵţ˵ȽϾµоܹܵԼҸĸĪֹġ
⼸Īӵ۹ֻܳƵϡƽ̺ȴǸĸ⣬һһߣĪڸʱԺжܹ뵽ĸԺϸķƵĻ档
Īɽ˶ͨũҳĪӣѾܹúܺˣȫЩŴһÿʲô鶼ɣֻͿˣȴһֱûɱһݴӡ
øˣӹûͨũһøֵʱ֣æµʱæµеĳԴöȱǰ֪˶٣ƽﻹϰ˽ڼ
⼸СõĲ϶ϳ֮ѡĪƽﶼûмĪɽԼϴĲϡ
ԭĪӴһΰĪɽһȥĪĺӣ˳õҲл濴
뷨Īɽ򸾲ûдӦǵĻ˵ֻһͨũˣһûмʲô棬Ҳȥʲô棬ȵӰؾͺá
뵽Īɽ򸾵ʱı飬ĪӵȻ֪˵ĻʵЩ
иĸ᲻ԼŮرԶôԶŮҲ뿴ԼŮ˲ĪһȥֻһԭѣҪģǵŮѿ
˵УǼֻͨũңĪ޹ȥʯңǷǳĸŴ󻧣˲Ϊǵĳ֣Ůڷ˿
΢ЩԱĪӿȫûбҪĪԭҪȰһ£û
ĸΪŮĺܶ࣬Щ˿ȷǲҪ߶һٵģЩ˾úѽܣͬҲһ⡣
ݣˣĪӸַ·Ϊһ˼֮˵
ֳһûüĴεԶգټѧɸԵ֧Ȼܹ˲ιۣҲطֵһȥʱֳһȥĪĪӵĻһ΢Ц˵
ĪӵͷʱһҪúõĿһݸܺͰټ֮еĸλ˽һǱˣ
ǵټѧɸԵѧ˵пȡ֮Щ˽ͺ֮۵ࡣ
ݵؽ磬ǰʯң˶ᳵ·ܿ˵ط
ſͨһֻ֮Ƭ̵Ĺʯ˳ͺͼʯҵĳӭ˳һſڵĪˣ϶ЦæĪӭ˽ȥ
׼ԶǰѾ˳һӣǹ׼ӦѾ·ˣʶ⼸վûмţ׼ҹȻˡĪӺʯҵһλһ𣬶ԷֹסЦݣǳĵĶĪ˵
ԼѾ˳ҲһӤĪ¶һĨЦݣȻ˵ȻˣǲȥɣҲ뿴
ˣ׼룡λʯҵĳĪӣһȥ
˺ߵĪ򸾣ʯ˳Ĳ
ǰЩĪ֮ڽֳɻ飬СҲûüϹȥֳɩɩˡһţʯ˳һĪ˵
ΪĪɷĪɻ飬ԭӦȥæģʵЩ߲ʶֻܴȥһǸ⡣
£ĪڼǸʱˣҷҪϻȥȻûȴյˡĪڰ΢Ц˵
лֳɩɩԭˡʯ˳Цŵ˵ͷĿⲻĿһǰĪӡ
Լӵֳ֮Уʯ˳ϵȽϺõģȻߵĪ࣬˶ǰټѧɵĵӣ಻ĪࡢĪڰټѧ֧ѧϰʱ򣬴һʶҲǹϵѡ
Īλֳʯ˳ȫҪԴģԷΪݵλҲֻԼҵĳܹƽȵĶԻ
Ϊټѧɵĵӣʯ˳Ҳ΢˵һЩǰһʱѪҹشսǰλֳ׳١
˵֮䣬һƿ룬Īӵһ۾ͿԼĪ
ʱ䲻ΪӵԭֻΪʯҵĻʳ̫õԭĪӷĪڼΪ֮ı˼֣Ҳ΢Բһ㡣
ֳĪ߽Ī̿첽ӭǰϲ֮ɫ
Īӽʯ֮Ī֪ԼҵֳˣԭҪȥӭӣ߶һСһΪĸЩĲºӣʱ̶ú뿪Լߡ
ĪӣĪӾ֪⼸ʯ֮󣬹ûǲġ
ߵԼǰĪĪǰһͷȻ΢Ц˵ôֳ࣬Ҿͷˣ
һ㣬ֳȡЦңĪӵһ仰˵֣Ī̾Щˡ
ˣȴȥӣסĪ֣Īӿ˷еĺӣȻ󻺲˹ȥ
˿Сһڴ˯ճĺӣرÿ˯ӣĪҲϲ
ϸĴСһƬ̣ĪӱһȺĵ˳˷䣬ûдСһϢ
ȵӷг֮ĪŶһԵʯ˳ʵӸȡʲô֡
˸֣ʯΡʯ˳Īӵѯʣ̿ڴ
ʯΡ֣ĪĵͷȻͽԼ׼˳
Īܹ׼һƵӤõĲûиհ׵ô󣬵ҲĵģЧ𲻴
һƵĳ̺֮ǰƵǸãԭЩЧ֮⣬ǿӤǵЧ
ĪӣҲ׼Ī͵ԼƵһЩӤҩ͵ǷǳɵһԺӵߡ
ʱĪóʱĸĶǳ֣صĽĪС
ЩַƵģ㲻ر󣬵е⣬Ӧܹס
ĪӵĻеĶĪۿɵʪˡ


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ĪӽĸַƵСｻĪ֮Ī˫ʪ̲סˮ˺һ֮ˮûͣ£ҵơ
գʯ˳Ī˵Ȱ£ĪŽĪӹƣõģʯ˳ŵ֤ȹһʱ䣬ҪźһĪݣȥĸҲǼӡ
ĪӶ⣬˵ݵ·;ңԶ˵ҪȥһˣʵҲûô鷳źȥ⹫ţӦ֮塣
ܲΪԭĪĺӣͷβͲ⹫ţͬʱҲĪ޵Ůؼȥĸɣ
ҹʱĪӵ˾סʯңʯҵ˺úõдһĪӵˣӦøȫˡ
ȵڶʱĪӣǰҽ֧ǰȥݼʿĪҲһͬǰˡ
ټѧɸԵ֧صİټѧãȻҪɲ٣Ͼѧɵ֮ѧĸ֣ԼΪҪĸֶ
ֳҽ֧֮ҽʿڶ࣬ݸҽѧѧϰڶᣬܸ죬ָ󣬾ʹҽҵ伮ѧ֮Уҽʿѧҽ֧ſڣĪ࿴ǰĴţԴһ˿ĶߵĪӽܵ
ѧϰĵطҪѧϰһʱĵطҽѧϰʮ꣬ĪԼҽѧӵݣѾͬˣҽҪĵطȻȻһ˿ҽѧӵĽС
ĪĪĽܣĿǰҽ֧š
ſڿķǳ󣬷еĪǰЩУţֻһż򵥵դԱ߻һλҽҵߣһ飬רעж
ĪǰȥЦŶһȻǺͶԷʶģ˵仰ȻͻصĪӵߣĪ˵ǰֵصϣѾкˣǿԽȥˣҽ֧һЩĵط˽֮⣬طֳԲιۡ
Īӵ˵ͷȻĪߣʲôطֵһĪ൱Ȼȥһ£Щ˽ĵطĪҲȥ졣
һҽ֧ţĪ̾ŵһҩ֮ζҩĻһ𣬾µĳγɵģĪҲûа취ֱе׻˶ҩĵζ
ҩζҽ֧ķΧУͷ·ݵ˼֮һ㣬Χһ״̬ǳ⡣
ǰмĪӾͿһ񣬵һڵߣϵֻסϵвλЩͣϱһҩ䣬бһͷֻУһֻһ壬һֻһƿ̵ľͷ
ߵ÷ǳĪӿŵ۾·ܴиܵߵרע͡ȱʰȵȵС
ĪʱҲǡʱܵߵģҽ֮һ棬ǻ֮Է֮ɽٲݣ书Чһһ¼һҽ䣬춨ҽ֮
浱¼֮ϵҽ䣬ΪʱСԵʣϺĸսңһûеõƵı棬ս֮ٻʧˣʣµĶʮ壬ھͱҽ֧
ǰߵĪӷߵ֪ҽ˶ã˼֮Ѿ͸˵֮УҽѧӼеУѾõһЩı仯ڶɢҩ㡣
ĪҲейصļأǸС֮ŸոյȼãЩ춨ʢ֮棬֮еĴûеõĴԪߵͷʱ򣬻һg
ֱ֮󣬲һЩ׵棬ܹõĴ
߹ǰߵ񣬼ҽ֧ȥ··һĪ಻ϸĪӽЩʲôطʲôĹܡ
Īӷ֣Щǰһ̵ĶһλҽҵͣӹϵͣһֱʱܲȱֻҪǶܳ׵ģֵñ廳
ĪĴ£ĪӻһЩԲι۵ĹᣬȻûпʲôرصĶҲһЩǳϵƷһЩƱܵƷ߱κЧȴǴ巢չʷһ͵Ѫǻۡ
ĪӺĪһȥ˻ʿõԷ֮ĪҼǶʮ塣
һҽ䣬ԭӦһٿ飬¼һҩĵòЧԼʮƼҩֻʣʮ顣ʿͬĪӣǰʮ塣
ĪҲϸĴⲿҽ䣬ԭֻͨ壬ؿ¼ݣΪʱԭ򣬿Ҳ΢Щģˡ
Щ壬Ѿ˼֮Ȼƽ棬ʵѾһ
ڻʿͬ£ĪȥʶһЩĵطҽҵҩ԰ǹ֮һƬϴҩء
֮УĪֶʶ˼λҽҵĸˣҽҸ֡
գĪȥټѧɲιۡ칤ѧɣĪӼʶ˸־ɵĻͬҲԶЩǳªũߡ
ڷңĪӼӿʼƶ֮󣬴Ӽ򵥵ƶȵɷһݱ̣Щڷҵ伮֮УһǷһδ޸֮ķ䡣
ʷңĪӿɽһʷ飬򵥵ıڻͬͯͿѻһĻ棬ּ֮أõ壬ľƬƤֽţٵ֮࣬ԿóʷĽ̡
ҡ
µʱ䣬Ī߱һʮദټѧɵ֧ʶ˰ټѧ֮нλĸҸˣ̸۰ټѧ˵Ҳʶ˸ѧǺصʷС
֮УĪ̵ĸܵĵݽܵһĽǻ۴ݻнһ㣬ȼ֮Ա財
Щȼ֮ĲнȻҲٲڶߣһЩټɵĴʼˣһλߡ
İټѧɣǼ̳ͺ˼룬䷢һȺˣ͵룬ҽɢͬĿ꣬ű˴ĵ·ǰ
Щڸѧ֮еĵ伮ùĶǶΪ䱦ΪĽݣҲһչ֤
ΪЩ춨˷չݵͣ΢ĩ֮Уǿ塢ˮ塢Լ壬ѱʳߵݣΪ֮ǿ֮һ棬ȡһƬء
Īӿİټѧ˵˵ȻûдﵽʢʱڣȻڲϵƺͽ֮еģˣĲǿҲѾе˾޴в
ҲһգϽܹѹµʱʱͿԳ˵ˡ


İʮ Ҫ
ڷ֮УĪĿգʶʶĹͼڣֻޱˮ֮УǿöصĲ
ԴĪӶɹ֮Ѿܾûʲô仯ĹͼڣݵĸֿʼһЩ仯
ǲ֦ϣһ̵֦֮УȻһЩϸСĻȴſ䡣
ЩС֮ϣ̺һЩ˼֮һֶĿǴ󿪵ĸо
⵱Ȼ˼֮Īټѧɵĸ˽õһЩ򣬻ϵĽɹһֶѡ
ʱ䣬Īջ٣ΪϵĽûֹͣ˽ټ֮ĵҲµĴ
ޱˮ֮ϣĪҡҷԼӣȺڻУˮʣԼʱܹһʱ䣬ֻҪԸ⣬ʱܹ׾ٵɣȴһʵʱ
ĪӵĻۻһЩҳ˻֮⣬ҲҪúõĳһ¡
֮Īӵʶͼ˫ۣȻվȥ
µʱ䣬ݸȥĵطѾȥˣҲʱ뿪ݣصӰȥˡ
Ī׼ȥʿʯ˳ҪҪԼһȥϾӻСһͬȥĻҲиӦ·ʲôԼҲ԰æŵ
Īķ䣬ĪӺܿͼĪһžµӤϣĵĻӶֽŵСһ
ʯ˳ڴԣָŪСһЦΪ˸ʯ˳ҲֹסЦݡ
ֳ
Īӽ֮Īʯ˳̶ĪӴк
ĪӶ˵ͷЦЦȻҲߵӤߣŻڴϰڶֽŵСһҲֶŪһ
СһССƣ߬סĪӵһָʣµֽŻڰڶţȴӸˡ
һ߶ŪǰСһĪһ߶˿ڵѾˣʱӰȥǱˣҪǣǴʲôʱӰأʱʵĻǾһͬаɣϾҪСһ·ϺôиӦ
ʯ˳Īԣ˶һۣȻʯ˳ڵֳܺһͬеģǵȻٺòˣֳٶգҵȺͳ˵֮׼һЩĸʹΡһֳӰأ
ͨʱĪӵദʯ˳ĪӣûǰôηˣΪԼӵλֳʵǳĺƣرǶԴѪˣЩ߶Ҫá
λֳҲһλѧ֮ʿ˽ټѧɸɵѧ˵ҺܿЩǺ;һֻаټѧɵ˺ѧ˵
ʯ˳ںĪദһЩغ׽һЩηӣദˡ
ʯ˶ĻشĪ΢ЦŶͷԼһ˻ȥܹĪһҴȥŵǱһܿģҲһһ
һԵĪҲǳĸˣԴӳ֮ҲѾüûлˣоԼΪŮûоӦТȻϿȥ
ʱ䣬ʯ˳ĪͿʼ׼ȥĸˣرĪǰǰæҪȥĪֻǰĵȴš
ȴḶ́ĪȴûôȵĶȹΪˡ
ʯңһ֮УĪӺʯҵһλڴ׵λã·֮Уżʿ
Īӿǰˣеĸʶʱݽʶİټѧɵĸˡ
Īʯǰݷã֮УλǹѧɵҶԱǺļҵĺ֮󲻾ãһλ֮ǰĪӻĵòİټѧɵĸˣ͸Īӽһİλ
ѧɣ֣Ī˲⼸˽ĿˣԷǳԼѽ׼ȷ˵ΪԼеĹơ
ʯҵλҲ޴֮ݽܣͬҲ˶ԷĿģϾѧɵĪ飬󲿷ֵ˶֪ġ
Ȼڽܹ֮λѧɵҶվĪӹһȻ󿪿˵
ѧҶĪݼĿģصѾµˣð黹ҹѧƣ
ĪԷĻĿϸǰˣ߿ǸˣŨԪȽƳΪȴȻ񾳽ڵ൱
Դӵһս֮󣬹ѧɱʣĸ֣һ˺ܶ࣬ǰҶڹѧܹõóֵˡ
ƣȷΪʲôҪ㣿ĪڴҶ֮󣬱˹Ŀ˵
Īӵ仰ҶϵıһҲǰ׼뵽˴ĪҪԲһ׵顣
Ī˿ĪսãȻĪԿҵԸһɱĪлعƣĪ߻һ˵꣬ļҵλվ˵ֱӾͿԼļ롣
ԷҪһɱȡԼеĹƣĪҲûиеκε⣬ƵѾᵽˣȷһɶõıָЧܶ߻ǰټѧ˵мİ
һɱʵѾˣĪ˵ΪһɱͽƽȥĪʹˣ䵽ԼǾԼˣ׵ͳȥ
رѪҹأǸͭˮ֮ĪӶƵãһӱ㿴µϣ
ĽͣƶһôʱȥĪֱӿ˵
ǰ⼸λȦӣΪǸû壬һλǴˣ֮ƶǵЧ󣬸ɴֱ˵һЩҲʡպš
Īԭҹѧɵ˵˵УɵˣʧȰɣĪ仰Ҷ̾Щżˡ
ǹѧɵӿɲùûжѪҺĵ伮Ҳ࣬ûйƣѧɵӵδǷǳġ
ĪûҶ̬ȣֻǿ赭дʵƣǴѧɵȥģ
⣿
Ī仰һҶоԼ˲䱻ҭһ£ҪǸ˵ѧɵˣòõûȥ֪ЩʣµĹѧɵӣҪȥ¼ϼáۡ
ǷˣĪӽҪ˵Ļ¶ܹµ
Ҷҭ˵һͬλټҸ˻һۣȫĪӵ˼֪ĪӲѶҲûйܿ뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪֮ʯҵλЦŶĪ˵ʯ˳ĪѾ׼׵ˣ׼Ҿ̻ȥΣ
ĪԷ仰ҲЦŵ˵ͷȷӦûȥˣ


İʮ Ҹ
ڹѧɵŰݷ֮󣬵ڶһ磬ĪӾͺĪ̤˻عݵĵ·
һֱ뿪ݾڣĪӵ˲ûܵ˿ƽľ뿪ݡ
վһҲķ۵ļװϣĪӿѾɼݣ¶һĨЦݡ
ôЦݲΪ˳뿪ݣΪʯϣƫԵĴʽȻƫԣƫԼߵġ
һѾʣ´èСèֻĹѧɣĪӼɵⱳȻټѧһЩ˵ӰҪԼֻعƣҪӦЩ˵⡣
ʯܹһ׼ҵ̰꣬Լ뿪˵ƫԼ˵ǱվλĪ˵Ѿˡ
СͷڣĪбŸճСһ֮дһ˿ǣҲ֪飬жЩԼֳ
ӳݲչģʯ˳ļοİɣֳʵλѧκβֳкļҵĲ룬Ҳֳ
ʯ˳οĻĪĵͷϵĳɢһЩΪʯ˳ЩǶĿοͬʱ˵Ҳʵ
λȥ֮ڿ԰һʱ䣬ľԪ¼ˡ۵ļװϣĪ˷˵ĶԻϵЦݲ䣬ȴŻȥҪ顣
ԭһ֮УհǰһʱѾˣԭԼѾԤĵӷˣĪҲͲôȥһˣȹЩ꣬Լ˼ʱȥݷһհ׺ˡ
һ·ϣǷƽ˾г֮УĪյһ԰ټѧɺļҵţȰ˵Լܹ֮⣬ûκε⡣
ٴλصӰأʱҲǳøĩһεԡǳ֮ʱ䣬Ƭǳ֮գȻ·ش䣬ЩӰصɢޣӰصͨգȫվڿտ֮һܵԡǳ֮
ʯ˳ĪҲΧǳ֮΢΢ǣһЩȻǰټѧɵĵӣǳ֮ҲãԴһǡ
⼸֪֮䣬ӰذյӰ죬ѾЧˣĪĿ⿴·Щԡǳ֮ˣڲ֪֮䣬⼸ÿһγϵǳ֮ԡӰصİ֮УˣȻˣǧ֮
ĳɹ;ǱߵȻûа취ģΪһС˵һ֮أ̶ֳܹȣѾǳˡ
ȻĪӴ֮֮ǹڼ֣ͨ˵ÿæƣܹüֵģʵס
ͨգڤ˼һعƶˣܹǧ֮磬ȷʵס
ԦŷۣĪֱӿ䵽ºӹԱߣȵǳ֮ԡĪʯ˳Ѿˡ
߰ɣѾؼˣĪӶĪʯ˳˵
Ϥºӹ壬ѾûлĪȦ΢΢Щ죬²ӷɿŴȥʯ˳æСˤһӣˤбŵĺӡ
ĪǸ˵󣬲ǰȥ
ĪߵſڵʱѾ洫ϲĿĪɽкʯ˳
߽ԼԺУͿʯ˳бźӣĪĸ涣һԵĪɽкʯ˳ȥҪվԺúˡ
ǰһĻ֮ĪӶĪɽʯ˳˵ͷȻŲ£ת˳ȥ
һʱ䣬Īʯ˳úõĪɽ򸾣ĻԲ̫࣬Լ÷ۺúͺá
Īӻصɽһл糣ȥʱ䣬˵ĿҵҲû£ָǡ
Īӹ֮ĵ죬Ǿʹˣ׼ȥĿ껹ǰû·
ȥɣһСģǵòҪı߹ǰߣȵĲˣ̻չذɣĪӿǣĶ
Ǵɽϵʱ䣬Ȳ룬ɽô߳׵ɹ»ʮĹ򣬲ȥδɵΪĽ
ˣǵͷڶĪйһ֮󣬱ת뿪ɽ
뿪֮ĪӷֵЩĲɣµ˼
ΪҲ꾳磬˲ľ飬һ˿Ҳȥһ¡
Ҳ֪Լ꾳ΪֻϡƽѣϣܸԼʦһȥ泤ʶȻûд˼
ĪʵҲ޳ȥȥһ¼ʶһζɽΪҲǲġ
һȥΪѾ񾳽ˣ洳ľҲȽϷḻһȫϲʲô̫⣬иţҲѸٵϤ硣
ϵڻûȫŤûг׵ȣùһʱ䡣
ȻֻһӣҲ÷ǽģԼʦģǵ΢һġ
ĵĽ̵µʱ䣬죬Īڰ˽еǰ
ϵϢ͵հԼʱѾȫͬĪӶ΢Цſ˵ʱĺܿ̿࣬ȱٵĻѾֲ˲٣ҲʵһЩС
ȫʦ̵зԣ̶Īӹһ
ĪӶ˰֣ԼŬĽˣҲһȥ죡
Ϊɢ޳ƽʱȻڿôûûƤΪҲмԲ
ʦԸĪҪԼɫ˵
ŶΪʦú÷Ӱ࣬⼸մˣȥΪʦһ̡ĪӶ˵
ԣ̹Ӧ¡
ʱĪֽתһԵ˵Ҳһȥ
ԭа̾ȵɽֻĪˣĪȴͻȻԸһ䣬һЩûӦ
һµĪӼ˵ҲѾ̤꾳磬ΪҲСɣʱɽȥһˣΪǳ͸ݻ;УԸʶ
¶һĨϲ֮ɫ̶Īӹһ
һ뵽ԼϾܹȥˣб̲סĿϲ
һԵһۣҲ¶һĨЦݣĪӵĴ㣬һһȥֻһ˳飬ʵҪǰһɳ
ò˵Ϊ÷۱Сĵӣ÷ۻǺܵóģʦǶһ㣬ĪӺڣڵ䶼ǳĲ
ĪӽԼƵı֮ｻǼЯɽ֮һЩĪһˣȥˡ
һ֮˿̵УЩûӦԼı֮ĪӾһͨһȻһӸôࡣ
÷۵Ĵ𣿡еĶ˲뵽һҸ֮С


İʮ 
ĪһӰ֮ͣ·ݣĪӽʱ䣬ĪɻǼ⣬Ϊ˵ʱˡ
ȻʱкٻؼңʶһɨܹϻбڴĴתƣַĵĳ谮ȫԱ
Ī뿪֮ĪٴʶɨºӹļңЩѹƣ鶼ЩÿϾôã»ȥˣˣܵиӦĹ̡
ĪҲûʲô취ϾܲĪǲؼңһֱºӹ岻ǣԾֻĪɽԼӦٹһЩʱգҲϰ˼壬ָǰˡ
˵е壬ɽҲͬģȥˣɽֻʣĪһŵȷЩ塣
壬ĪȴԵֵģҪ̵ӣÿʱ͸ˣǰ֮ʼĪӾѾоΨһɲԴľɲĪΪֹӴĵһɲģɲ֮УпҲǱȽġ
֮Уǹ鶯ľ֮ĪӷǳȷϣľԪõĲϡ
ͨʱϵϤԼԭľԪڲƵ޸ģĪѾһöõľԪˡ
ɽɽͤУĪͤڣͷϷƯһŲҫ۵⣬͸ŹâĿڹâڣһöıɫĹâǴӱɢġ
ƷĵһȻΣԴľβĪȾҪһö飬ܽнļ
ǳ֮ĸҪһҪѲСֽšƯͷϣĸı״ԴľĪ
ϺõɲģڵΪ΢Щ鷳Ҳûа취ֻǶ໨Щ˼ֶΰˡ
ΪԴǴľɲģԲȥɽ֮¯ΪΣܳɹڲϱҲкܴ𺦣òʧԱֶΡ
ĪѡԼǳ֮ĸһڵҲò̫ʱ䣬ʱ䣬һܹɡ
ɽΧѾˣĪҲĻκԼ
ʱţƯͤеԴľεĸıҲԽԽˣԭһ鲢ԴľѾһ̫ԲΡ
ҹĻ٣ͤдµǳ֮ӵԴľ״ҲԽԽӽһöˡ
Ӱص߶֣ҹɽǳ֮ճոɽԶԶľͿԿһֵĽɫ㡣
ϸȥֿ浽ʲôʩչҲΪ󷨵޷
һֱ죬ȵҹʱ򣬴ҷɽҹָֻӡ
÷УĪǰһöӨ͸ɫεĴɫ飬ı滹ɢһ㲢ҫ۵Ĺâǹ鶯ִľ֮ñǰӵŨˡ
ö飬ĪԼΪʱ򣬼īʱĳ
ʱԼΪ΢īʱǳ˲ٿͷģΪˣǴɲģҲûеôѡ
ɲģûгɾԪ֮ǰô׵ģƣҲѲĶȥ䵽ԼУĪ
һţĪڵѾתƣе飬̽ö֮Уٵеö飬ϤԼڵ
һֱʱĪͣϵ𣬿ʼճһΡ
ԼµĹأֻҪɽǱչػܴ飬ǾһҪÿΡ
һҹʱ䣬ĪڵҲЩģóεĹ򣬻ָһڵ
ȵιĪ÷£óö飬½еУָⲻϵĻڿۣܶʼ
Īһָɳдһööģʼö֮С
ֻҪһǱĽ϶ˣмƣȻһ
̱ĪеҪһЩһööķ뵽֮Уտʼʱ鲢ûʲôӦʱţûеķԽԽ࣬Īб֯˵һƣ˳ߵơ
ɱĲϣҺôʱ䣬Ϥԡű渲ǵĹâҫ۵飬Īв¶һĨϲɫ
Ĺܹô˳ǰһʱǳĵȥϤԴľԣľ֮Լ֮ӦǰǾ仰ĥ󿳲񹤡
һǼƣˡ
ľԪԭĽƾ൱Ҳ˼ҲֻòݶѣҪëĻĪӻܹٽƷġ
ľԪ飬õĲϻɲģĪȻհףӦ޸ĵĵطѾгˡ
˲ʱ䣬ĪһľԪбʮƣȻǳ˳Ľںϳһķ
ʮҵʱ䣬˾ŵںϳһ˷ĲΡ
֮ĪӼʱ΢һ㣬ֱԼ֮ĪӲŽµľԪƷĲΡ
Ưǰҫı飬Ī¶һĨ֮ɫƷĲΣľԪѾüΪˣϣҲľԪѷɫ١
ƵĲϱǰó̫࣬Ͻƴͷβ޸ĹøӾƵľԪ飬ȻҪǰǿɳǱҲҪߵöࡣ
úõĲһ£˵ҳɾԪ֮ǰܹһɱˣӦµľԪܣĪ
īȣڵľԪȻƷŵҲ΢ЩѶȣҪʱ䡣
ŲϵƣȵľԪھŵʱĪӾʹ㳢һ£ںϳΪһɽ
ĪӵīȣĪȻнɱε˼īȵĲʣٴγΪơ
ȻīܹɱĿԺܴ󣬵ĪʱȴðգּģĪӵʱѾܳˣĪһ·Ҳһ·ģĪӲΪԼ̰ðٵīȡ
ΪԭĪֻʱ뷨ѹ£ȵԼԺȥ֮ϣûʲô취ܹһ·ĲʣٽɱīȵҲʱá


İʮ 
µľԪ飬ƷƷֻĪµʱ䣬һ֮ǰʱķѵĴʱ仹ҪΪӵߵʼµľԪ飬ﵽƷĲΣҲ׵ĳԽľԪ顣
Щ˳ˣһʧȥˣ˲ͻúܱŤҪһʱȥӦ
ľԪĪ˵ĶʱҲˣĪżΪ˳֣ڷٵʱ䣬ĪȻûк˶֣Ҳᣬ½ĪӲ˵ƾְȫУҲмġ
˲һ֮ڻصɽʱĪµľԪ飬ոռڰ˵
ƺֱóĬһĪӼԲµԷ·;УһЩ飬ֲôĵ¡
ûеĪѯʣڣһ·򵥵һ¾
˺Īһңһ·ȥݣڼҪǸ·ûоʲôȽر£ص·ϣ˿ʼʱ䡣
Դɽ֮⻹һγԶȻһ䱸ĺܸߵˣЩ÷ѧϰľϵһ˷ܸУĽ䱸ķһЩ
һʼûʲôΪݼټѧɵ֧˺¶ȷ۽磬˼ʶ
֮ԻñȽϳĬ˵һĺڵˣһʱ챻ԷƭˣḻտʼҲԷɱˡ
Һռʱ˶Է⣬ڶԷͼذ֮ǰһˣѲԷϳսƷʱҵ˶ԷʮԼӵĴ﷨
˽һһ·ľĪ΢Цļο룬ĵƶûܹһۿȱٵֻǾѣҪþۻлٳȥߡ
СľҪĪӹİο飬ҲʲôϰĪӾãǶ飬ȫɱεһ
ף΢΢˵ͷ˵
Ĺɽ΢һ㣬ÿϵֱˡ
˻֮Īӳմһīȵļ֮ȴûи׼ΪӵⷽĲҪн
֮ǰΪһλɢޣҲһЩöȻ񣬲ȴͨԼķʽһʱ䣬Ȼһļ񣬿ʼԼȡ
һʱ䣬ɽƽɣĪÿƽֳʵڵٶȻ˺ܶ࣬ȴȲţһĽӽԲ
ԭĪӻãѧɻǱѧɿܻЩģǰҪƣԴӻصɽ֮ȴһֱûţټѧôϢҲҲûⷽˣƺͷƪˡ
ĪӾãӦòô򵥣ֻҪѧعټѧ֮УǾͲԼҵ⣬һ취Լûȥ
ֻڹѧӹΪѣʣôЩˣһڶټѧ˼ţҪúͰټѧѧһĵλӦҪһβ̵ʱ䡣
÷£Īӿͷ÷ϹŵһſŽӲӵĹʵеɫ΢ЩɢȻעûмеͷĶ
Ī˼άڵȷɢطԭڲǰյһ԰ټѧõϢǹںǱߵġ
ںݵθʽΪƺݾƵˣϵģǽȨȫУƺݾƵġ
ĪյϢҲûй⣬Ϊ֮ǰĲ²⣬ֻǳˣٹʱ䣬ֻӺ뿪·񶼣ǸʱһеĲ뽫һ
⺣ˮִսһԭΪܹˮķߣٴջزʧأһΣȴûռʲôˡ
ˮĵֿǳļңһս۽ǲδȡκεսһݲճľ档
Ҳ֣ԭΪѪҹصǳսʵصˮ壬ʵܵӰ첢ûôڶˮ
ĪԺо뵽ǰЩںĽܣ磬ûǰôʢĪţҲٶ٣ҲпܱǰǸĺҲ˵
һĻˮʵҪԶԤ֮еҪǿöࡣ
ĪӶ伮֮УѪǿȺߴżأǶˮ壬µЩ֮УصļؾҪٺܶˡ
Ͼ֮еʲô˵һԱȽصĵط
Щ飬Ī߽Ļָ˽࣬ͷӲӵ÷Щҵ˼ȫѹ¡
ЩʱԼûʲôϵͻԪɾ֮ǰĪǾԲȥı߹ǰˣȵպԼΪǿˣˮ壬Īȫ˿η塣
鱦Ԫ«˽һ£֮ˮ˽һ£ǹˮ˽һ£
뵽ˮǹˮĪͻȻ̯óԪ«мûüöٳǺˡ
ȫҪ̽ʶĪӾܹӦԪ«еǺˣһ֮䣬ͽٳǺȡ˳
ٳǺ˴Сͬϴһߣռ֮ңűٳǺˣĪܹӦɢԴԴϵǳ֮
ΪöٳǺˣĪӾԴѪҹع֮һֱûпԪ«עǳ֮Ԫ«ڣȻ»һЩˮǹˮ඼һˡ
ϧˣҪһöõǺˣƾԣ÷۵֮УԴΪģлὫһ󡣡ǺˣĪ΢Щϧ
Щ̰ĵ뷨ĪҲֻ΢һ¶ѣҪõһöǺˣɲһ򵥵顣
׳ǺȻ̶ȴļˣǲɶõĶĪֻҪһ뵽÷۵֮Уܹ󷨵߲٣Ҫǣ󷨲ǣǳܹ֮ͨöǺˣǳ֮
΢˼һ£ĪӽСһǺװԪ«֮УһǺ˾ͷԪ«ڣҲʡĪӾҪעǳ֮
һǺˣĪɽͤʱر÷۵󷨣ʼֲ
ʱ䲢ҹĻ֮ǰĪӾѾˣȵҹʱӰصİպ߾ȵķ֣ҹɽϿգǳ֮ˣǵĹ㣬ͬөһ㣬ɽֶ£һҫ۵ǻԣɽյޱȡ


İʮ ˻ʳѲ
÷󷨵ı仯Ӱصİպ߾ĿˣڵµĩصİպߣҲܵ󷨱仯ĺôǾԡǳ֮֮ǰˡ
󷨵ʹǣǳ֮øˣ󷨱ҲܹͨǺ˲ǳ֮÷٣Ĳôǳ֮Ȼͽǳ֮Ӱصİա
÷۵֮󣬽ܳһʱ䣬÷ûʲôܹ֪ı仯ӱ÷ǳƽƽУ仯Ҳʱʱ̵̿ġ
÷֮ĵһ꣬Ӱصͷÿĩֶһ
ƾ񾳽Ϊڰ÷֮зǳŬѧϰҲǳĿ̿࣬ǷȱлŸĪӵѧϰԼǱŬѾಹϡ
ѧϰл֪ʶ棬ʱ䣬Ŀǰ÷֮Уʱٵһ⵱Ȼ˵жߣжǿǵ񾳽Ϊ
ΪѾһĸ߶ȣٻͷԼ߹·ȥѧϰľӦѧϰĶȻͽµĶ࣬ѧϰȴǳɣҲǳ׽ܡ
񾳽֮ĶѧϰͱȽˣĸ⣬Ҫ͸Ͳô׵ˡ
һʱ䣬ͷĲԽԽˣǳסӰصɢޣÿĩһ죬ΧٽļسǣӸǵߣԼй۵ĵӣͷһμӲ
Ϊһ첻÷۵ĵӻ֣ĪżҲŴҽ˳ҲὲһЩɻ˵֮жһЩ⡣
ͷԽԽ࣬ԭѾЩ߾ۼصͷйصıԽԽˡ
龰ĪӸɴԸͷп÷۵ĵ̣ӪһЩϺͷ⣬ʱչֲϣ߳һЩģҲһЩƷķͷ
㲻ạ̃ͨȴһЩкòϣҪֲ֣̫ĵɢһ̿ûạ̃ͨ÷۾͵õģһƷʲľ
ɹǳϲˣͬҲȽϺ뵱÷۸ոտɵʱЩɢ޲ŸոӰؿʼۼûô࣬ھƾԼĽͨͨ޵ķʽЩɢ޵ŪģοЩɢѾˡ
ʱ䵽ڶʱӰͷߵĵ̺̯λøˣССͷٲȻѾһߵķС
һЩӲݺݹСɽݷãϣõĪӵͷ̣ԴˣĪӶӦ
Ӱߵ⣬Ϊŵ÷ۣȻҲܴлһЩôȻЩôĪӶϣʤϸˮŵķչ˵һЩǺõġ
Ҳͬһ꣬Ī¼ľԪ飬ڼ˵ھŵһǽɱˡ
Ϊ÷۱СĵӣҲһ̤֮ãԼһģûһտ
ˣ÷ۺȴȫû˼ڴɽоģÿܹԸоԼϾʱ򣬻Ҫȥһɽµĵ̡
Ϊ÷۵ĵӣ÷۵ĲҵĪҪģӰؾһЩС£Ҳ洦ġ
ڴһЩʱ÷۵ӣҲǵͷˣⲻҪһ⣬˶֣Ȼÿһζǵ㵽ֹûзָʤԼĽѾеޱˡ
÷ĵ꣬ӰһƬͣӰصɢޣ΢һ㡣
÷ߣֻĪӺˣǡԼȫûл÷ۣĪӶͨżټѧϢܹ֪һ˵Ľ
콭һ·ĪӹƣҪ˶ãǵͲӦÿҪɹˣҲʱ÷ˡ
ڵϢͱȽˣʱڶʱЩû˼
ϢͱȽˣһ꾳Сʿ沢ôۣҲû̫ټѧɵӣϢֻἰھݡ
÷УĪӵһöϸжһֻǷֳ⣬ֱڱ÷ϣ÷ıԴ
ĪרжʱɽһֱĪӵߣĪӵĶҲδţôһԡ
ע⵽վһԵȺĪջʶͣϵĶתͷʵʲô𣿡
ĪӹһȻ󿪿˵ӰʦķԸ÷͵˰ټѧǱߣ˳Ѱټѧøո׼ݵϢ˻ʦĿ
һ˵꣬ʹóһֽ˫ֵݸĪӡ
ӹݹֽţĪӵͷһдݣһ˿ɫ
ŻҪˣ˻׼ڳѲǰѪҹأѪеս꣬彫ʿ˻׼Ż񶼣һĪӿ⣬˻Ҫ뿪񶼣ǰѪҹأĪӾ;̫ˡ
˻֮λ¹ش󣬹ڶ˻ʣڵ˻֮λ󣬺λ뿪ݣܵطģοȥı߹ǰߡ
սȷһֵɣĪӶ͵˽⣬Բһðյˡ
֮䣬ѪҹǱ߷սѾԽԽˣѪ֮ڣȷԵıȽϰȫҲһðա
ϸ˼Ƭ̣ĪȻ뵽ֿܣһʱ֮Ҳȷҽ˼ѹ£תͷͷ˵ϢΪʦѾ֪ˣȥԼɣ
Ӹˣԣٴιһת뿪ˡ
˿̣ʳ񶼻ʹУվڷеǷǰŻ˵˫ۣĿ֮ӣôվ
࣬ͬվԭأ˺ð֮󣬲תһͷĵĿ⿴һۣȻѸٵջĿ⡣
΢ĶǱͲˣ߸ոյͷ͵
ſڵЩˣ뿪ûУ
˻ʱ£λ˻ڹſڵȺδ뿪߸æػ
ߵĻشͲûлͷɿǰĻ˳Ĭ
ֹʮʱ䣬ȴһԸߣСĿڵǱ£λˡ
߻û˵꣬ͱٴοˣȥǽɣ£Դǣ
ǣԣٴιһ˳˴
ȵ뿪֮ͿǰĻˣͻȻ¶һЩɬЦݣа˵
֣길ʲ֮ʱʱĿʾˣʱһã۲ŴԵĸʣ˥֮ʱȻɥʧԼӢţȴЩ⸸ˣǿЦǿ


İʮ 
εУҷ۲зСһҷ۵ļװϣվĿǰ
ԽԽݣоǸ֮ɫ
񶼣ֻˣ
ԴͳΪ˻һΪԼҲл뿪񶼣֮ǰȴƫƫ뿪ˣȥ˺ݣٴη񶼣ЩҲ˲²⣬ӡ֤в²ʱˡ
ʻԽԽڽ̱֮ͣ˶ʼͽУŲԶΰȥ
֮Ŀɨţ꣬ľ֮ͬеһûκεı仯ɭϵķ֮øǿˡ
£Ȼظֱȥʹߵһ¶ʵԼһ˿
ǸһˣȻʻʱǸˣڸУЩҲǲɢˣֱȥӸʱűٻߣΪЧ
Ҳû뵽гһգܸߣһصʳ񶼣صĵĵط
пܷ飬ҲǲµģұҪӵĿ϶Ϊ⼸꣬
µĻ΢һ룬Ŀ⿴˿һֿ˿ʹķڵȥʹɣ֮ٻظۡ
Ĵ£һȺ˱Żʹȥ˿ڣ˶ڰйעǣһȺ˽ʹ
һ̤ʹϤĵطٴ¶һĨ֮ɫȻܿˣ⼸Ҳɳ˺ܶࡣ
һߵĴ£˺ܿһȻͨûȶãֳ֪˿Խȥˡ

һ̧빬УϾҪλʵˣԼеĲ²⣬Ҳõӡ֤һ̣˵ĸ
Уһ۾ͿĿƿԼͣߺһ£ͻȻϤС
Ҳһ˵ϼǾĸʣٴμȴλʵϡ
˻ʱ£һͬˣڼ˻̹֮ʩֻվԭûжȵʩ֮ŻĹһ
˻ʣ£
ڣ̶̵֣м仹΢ͣһ£³ı֡
й֮ԭϵɫͻȻ仺ϾȻ¶Цݣ·˿˵Żˣ⼸ʳݣͿ๦ߣЩͲţҲǶйͣˣ֣ں׼ƣǰʱһƪۣǳ֣֮дĲУ밲棬мּ⡭
һڣ÷ǳº͵Щ˺úõĿ佱һܹ׼ȷ˵ÿ˵ŵ㣬е˶еЩܳ
л˻ʱ¿佱˵֮󣬺һͬˣٴζ
һ·Ӻݹ·϶࣬ȥϢһ°ɣºͻ˵仰֮һͬ뿪̬º͵ĶЩ˵꣬ߴ뿪ˡ
ȵЩ뿪֮ϵЦˣĿ⿴ǰ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵û뵽ЩЩ򡣡
ԣվԭؿͣޱĿڵȻȲ˻ʱ£˵ľȨ
ȨҲȨֻΪ˻ʣһѡͼ˵
ȻЩ򣬵⼸Ҳѧ˲٣ڸԹ˵ˣǰһ仰˵꣬ͻڣ˵
ںݼѪȻûǰôųˣ˻ʱ¾꣬ѧᡣޱ˵
޷еʱѧһѧġû̬ȣĻһ䡣
仰ڳһ˿֮ɫĿĿͣĿڵǲǣ
ʣ
Ÿոճڣ̱ʹˣͬʱϵɫָ˸ղŵϣĿҲѹȸС
ϵ׳ʲô£㲻ҪܣֻҪչµİţúõ£㹻ˣ
㵽׳ʲô£ͳѹȸеĻȴûη岻ԣٴοѯʵ
ЩںݵľѾΪ˵һ仰ͷ֤ԼһֱɻҪ֪ࡣ
òܣҲܲŹµ飬ϣҲûܹܹµ飡ڵѾЩˡ
仰ûټѯʣĿɴͣϸĿɫϵÿһ
ϸĴ֮£ûзʲô⣬ͿǳĽɫѪʢǹɲͺսսʿһ˫ƺһĨ΢ɲƣ֮ɫ֮⣬ûκε⡣
ȥϢɣһ·ӺݸϻѾˣûлĸۡȻȥһ°ɣ
ȹգҪѲѪҹأ񶼣ʹ֮𣬵ʱҪסڹУûôʱ䣬ĸۡˣ
ûĴҲϲԼ˵仰֮󣬾ֱ뿪ˡ
˿Ѿȷ;ʲô£ܻˣ򲻻˵ԼΪ֮ԣΪ൱ڸһҪλźš
ҪɰʵףȻûнɻ˼ֱߴȥˡ
뿪ʹ֮󣬸һʹ˷֣ɫЩ̫ÿЩĵĿѯһ£֪ϾҪʹ֮ʱһ϶¶Ʋס˷֮ɫ
ʱһתۣ͵֮һʱûгţĸۡžͱˣʳĹԱйеߣѾǰˡ
£˻ʱµķԸҵǰӭӵǰȥμӳᣡڼ֮һ߹Ķڵ
ŵſڵļߺ͹ԱֻͷԼЩ£һϻǴ˷֮ɫǴòʽЦݣһ̣ͻȻеЩӦ
ҲҪ˻ʵλãڣƺҪԼϵĴȨͻȻоЩĵĿܣЩȻζ
£Ѿ׼ˣ¸ȥϳʱһ´˷֮ɫ˵
µĻŸԼһͬͬ˷֮ɫԭĿһ̱߽˲١
ЩǸλˣȴЩԼʧԹĸԼô꣬ΪٻҲգΪһչеıҲãĿҲգԼΪЧҵˣվҪһݻر
˼һȺµĴӵ£ǰȥ˳˳ܣǰ˻ʹͼ


İʮ 콭
˻ʳѲ˻֮λĸѾһֻ֣оЩʲô飬ͲΪ֪ˣ÷УĪӿеżа
ǰټѧøոϢϢ͵Īеʱ˻Ѿ뿪ݣһ·Ѫҹصķ;ÿһأ΢ͣһ£ż·ƺһѲµ˼
ڹ˻͵٣Ӧ֮УĿǰΪעĿĴˡ
˻뿪ݣԹУӰȫ˵Ҫ;ĸݸҪŵˣҲȽ鷳
Īʵһ·ϻʲôΣգ˻ʳѲȲ˵һͬЯ͹ⰵбЩ֣ҲĻ֮ͽȴ
еżĪתͷɽĺɽ֪ȵǳأΪܷͻƵ磡
֮ǰڻص÷ۣͺĪ֮ǰԤϵһǵڿҪɹˡ
ǹ֮Ī̽һߵѾ֮ͣУ޲֮ˣָһЩ֮ĪӾȥչˡ
ߣȻû첻룬ĪҲȷܷͨλᣬһٲһ㴿봿硣
ɽϵڻȽƽȣֻΧˮźɽ۵ļ˵ǲûеؼʱ̡
ĪѾɽ󷨣ǳ֮ǱչصľбҲĪӰ˺ɽ֮УͬʱʱעűչؾҵһֲԣĪӾͻȥǡ
ܿ죬ֹһʱ䣬Χˮźɽ۵ٶ΢ЩǿӺɽıչؾ֮УĪԼܹ֮ܵһɵˮɺӰĵϡ
ֵܵϣĪ֪ǵѾһĹؼʱ̣Ͼܹߺڣͬʱܹ˻ͻƵ磬ĪҲˡ
ʱֹ죬ڱչ֮УɽѾɽչؾһ۵ĪӸоǵϢڷɿǿ֮УӦѾ뵽񣬻ָˡ
죬ټѧµϢҲ͵ĪӵϢݲϣǹ˻͵ġ
˻ڿβˣѵ⽵ְΪټѧøոմϢĪͻȻһӾˣΪǰǸ磬һӰӾ硣
ǰʵ۶ǲܳŵģߵĶ¶Ī΢Цһ䡣
Ҳ֪Щһ˻ʳѲ·˲Ĺ²ϣܿ˵ģϾͨʳķ֮ҪһͨĵϸǱȽ׵ġ
ĻʳǰټѧӳһζѧģѲ⣬һʱ仯ʳĹ֮Уô֮Ҳġ
Ҫǽ˻һ·϶ֲ˼ˡҡҡͷĪ½עתɽҡ
ϵϢѾѾԽԽǿˣȻѾʼͻƴ磬ɽ۵ٶٴμӿ죬ͬʱźɽ۵ˮҲøˡ
ɽһȪԭɽʵϸҲˣϵơ
ĪӲûЩֻעһֱʵǵϢǵϢڵһ̶֮ͻȻͱסˣƺһ컨壬Щ̷޷
Ƭ̹֮ϵϢٴη˱仯ǳ컨θߣȻ伱תֱ£˲Ϣ΢ЩԱӦ
ʦͬɽϵӦ˺ɽϢ仯ܵĪӵǰҪڣֱĪֹסˡ
û£ڲûͻʧܣ෴ڲŵ˹ؼʱ̣ĪĿźɽƽ˵
ĪӵĻŷղϢʧӦеһ̣Ϊͻʧܣұشˡ
֮;֮ã񾳽絽磬һ㴿仯Դ־ϣ֮߳ΪҲδɣԷܹͻƴߣǼ֮ĿźɽĪ˳Ҳһ´Ĺϣһ죬ЩҲõϡ
ĪӵĽ⣬ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴεļУһ򵥵Ļȴ洫
񵱳ĪͻƵʱ֮ǰ̹ܶിĸ֣ȡ飬ֱԼͻ֮󣬲ղ˵Ǿ仰еݡ
Ī仰˵֮󲻾ãеһɺĵϣǽһ㣬Ϣȴ·֮
ĪӻһЩ˿ߵѾǸе֮Լǰһ򽭻Ҫĳӣˮ׳
ɵϵĳ֣ԭѾ÷ǳ΢Ϣ̿ʼϢ֮Уһַ·ѩ֮δ֮
ܵϢı仯ĪһĨЦݣͬʱ̧һֻ֣Եһ£ǰĻþ֮˳
ǰ»ָһĪջص֣Ȼ±ǿϢС˵
ʦʦǲǳɹͻˣ
ĪûпڻشĻֻЦ΢΢˵ͷ
ĪӵͷҲ¶Цݣ÷۵ĵӣǵΪͻƣ÷۵ʵٴӣĪͻԪ֮뿪÷ۣ÷Ҳһλĸ򣬿Ա֤ŲӰ졣
ϵϢֱ˴ĳ̶ȺѸٵȶȻܿϢʼɽϵҲ𽥻ָƽ
ʱ֮󣬺ɽչصľҴ򿪣ǵӰ
ĪӿԼǣϵϢȻΪѾˣΪոͻƲõĹϵǰ֮䣬ԼΧһɻԾˮ·ͨһ׳Ĵӣָͬˮ֮һ㣬ɷǷ
ϵһֱֻۣҲûӰǵķʣһֲȱ֮
һֱߵĪӵǰĪ¶һɾʵЦݣȻһ񣬡Ӳʦ̵˳ͻƴ磡
ŹǣĪӶͷѾɹˣǱӰ죬ȻӰǵϲûзǳԵı֣Ӱ컹Ǵڵġ
ɷΪʦıֱ֮ĪӶʵ
޸֮ǻǵһеģĪ֪ķԼ鱦׻жĲ
ĪӵĻû˿ԥ̯̽гһöտɫı飬ݵĪӵǰ
ʦ뿴ǵıȡ콭飡


İʮһ 
Īֽӹǵݹտɫı飬ûϸ֣꣬㲻ɵÿڸһ䡣
ĵǺУ
һ˵Īһϸտɫı飬УĪӾܹ̺ܵˮ֮ϡ
ϸе콭飬տɫ֮УĿˮƺ콭֮Уװһĺ
ĪӲûиоκκͿռ֮йصĶԷǳȷ콭֮УûԳСռ䣬ûУܹ֮Ŀˮ콭
ѾʧĺдӡǣǵΪһ壬ʱ̫ĺôǻܵĺô
콭ոɣڲƻδƣܲǿڶǸ֮ЧһãȴǼΪϣǱܹӵʩġĪϸ콭ʱҲһԽһ¡
ǵ仰Īһâ
ǵСͨǱӵܹ֮ҪСͨȫӳҲǼΪӴģĪһֱÿһߵ÷ǳȣ춨һö콭飬ܹǰʩģǴǵʵ
ڿԴĪӿʵ
ӻûüԣоܹӴһպɵࡣǿڻش
ĪЦŵ˵ͷһ˿ʶ̽Уûܵʲô谭ĪӾɵʶ̽콭еĽơ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Īӵ֮ڣԪ«Ĳһ£ųһˮɫĹâĪӵյһƬ͸ԭѾҪݻĵʮ׵ݻɹҵʮһҲ۳˲ַģһ
һ˲Ϊ콭֮еĽƣΪ̺ˮ֮
콭һ˲䣬չĪӵǰĪӽǵĹ⣬Ԫ«ͬʱˮ֮Ҳһ̨ס
ͬʱĪڵҲһСڣԲĳ̶ȿһ󲽣ѾԽԽӽˡ
ϲʦΪٽ
ҲͻƵ˴磬Īһ˲ϵϢվĪߵܵ÷ǳ
е콭黹ǣĪЦøŨúʹðɣ콭ˣö콭飬Ϊʦڲõģպûзˣ
ڼ츳һֱһ㣬ĪⷽҲû̫õİ취Ƶ˸ǣȫܶԼȴܲôӦֵġ
֮У̺콭֮ӡǣ˵ǳɣֻҪʵķĴ룬нȫݻѾĪӵ鱦мˡ
ķ˵ʵ̫ʺˡ
ףһúõļ콭ģǴĪӵнӹ콭飬˵
ͺܲɷ֣ǵö콭飬и̺콭֮ӡǣ콭ˮ˵гѰ塣
ЩΪýŲ콭ĲۿƬĵطĿȫǵĳ
ԭˮЩطѾµĳǳأЩطһƬ˲ë֮أЩطľףľïܣȫҲһӰˡ
Ҳֻƾڤڤ֮еĸӦ˳Ƿ΢ûеĸоȥ׷Ѱ콭㼣
֮ûжһɲģ콭ѾʧˣٶĻҲֻС
Щڵ伮֮еļأ콭飬콭ڹ֤
ǱɹΪͻƵ֮󣬽ͲҪˣ԰ȵ÷УĵС
ոͻƴ磬ҪѧϰĶܶ࣬ĪʦԴ̣ҲܹܿϤҪע⡣
ʱ䣬˵͹÷ǳҸˣɽһλĸ֣֮⣬ʱص̣ʱʦֵģרŵĽ̵һ¡
ͬʱλĸ̵ִֽ֮ҲûмС
˻뿪һֳһˣְһˣ÷µϣĪӿаټѧϢоȤˡ
˻ʹ񶼳񣬲Ѿ˰ˣڲŸո뿪ݡ
ʱ䣬ĪÿͻյټѧϢÿεݴͬС죬˻δγ˵صĹͳ
˻ͼڱעţÿһ飬Ҳͬעо֮󣬺ܶ˶ȵķ֣ƾܸɡĻʳ֮УȻôహ˺¡
˷ŭģĳݸ鴦һ𣬶ԷѾԭֻһѣܹ˵ʱ򣬾Ϊʳ֮꣬һλãƾˣҲǶŴ
λĻ棬˻ûͿʼԼˣеԴ͵͵̰ī˴룬ҵθ̶̵ʱڣµĺŴ󻧣Զ壬Ҫ˲ϡ
Ͳ鴦λʱ򣬷ֶԷԼţȻƷλ񣬵ʱ˶Էһ䣬ܾԼ˵λ񣬽óɣΪ˵һдնĻʳ
ºѲʱ򣬻Ӹѳһݡ
ʱϢ徳ڹעЩˣһƬȻټѧ֮еĵ¼ڳϵˣҪʳصĹԱ½е֮ѧ̾ͱͨˡ
֮ԭʳԸعԱļϵҲ˸ĸĽһЩ©֮
׼Ǳߣ޾յĶȹˣаټѧüĹϢĪ
ĪΪ˱ȽֱƲȱȷûʲôֵһĹȻҲûʲôֵüνĹͣƽȹģûбѵҲûбνˡ
ڰټѧʱϢĪӴʱ򶼵ƽյǲǰľ飬ĿǰЩĲодĪӶòοţλԼǰմ⣬ĪӵĽܷΧڡ
ϲ⣬˱ƶһ飬һ棬ȻҲгһ档
廹ڷչ֮УʳĹϵʵ걸ĿǰֹϵȽʺҪı䣬ϾʺϵĲõģȵҪıʱʱԻһǰټҵЩˣҲһǡʱı䡣


İʮ 
ʱת£һϣոսΣĪӾͲɽ󷨴򿪣ɽݣԼǺһɽµȺ
עһԼǱ÷ǳ壬ΪҪˣݷǳĸ߹̲סЩš
ˣ
ЩŵʱĪѾͨʶԶһˣٶȷɿɽͷļ֮УһǺĪӴνӸ
Ӹĸ·ŵ˵ȻûʲôʣǸոյӸ˻͡
һ˵ٶȷǳ죬ûãѾĪӵǰڿǰһЩλõӸԶԶľѾɽƳݣվĪˣвһ
ããĪô֪ͨˣȻ˻ҪϢӸѾǰ֪ĪӣЩµȵʱ򣬻ɽŽգ˻Ⱥ龰
Ȼ˻ʳѲﰵķǿĪӿųҰ֮еһˣ˻һͬǰģԳƵǾокӸһߣһλ˧ǿߡ
⻹ֻǷУĪҲ쵽˼ǿϢпܴԪɾĸ֡
ЩߵǰӸ΢΢Īӵ˵ͷĿƳһ۶ĳ׼ת߹ȥͿ֮ϣ͵ӰѾ
˻ʱ£ͳ֣Ī̹ͬʱߵǺҲæ
ĪӣּˣɽĵطͿǰĪӣһĨɫ
֮УĪ㲻һǰĪӣӡǷǳ̵ģĪӴ򽻵Ḷ́˵ȽɣвĽҲװ׵ģϵĶ
ԭȥѪҹأߣ뵽ĪӣͻȻҪԾݡ
߰ɣȥ÷ۣһпɽƾĪ̧ͷ˵ֱӱ̤ݡ
ĪӼ״̸͵Ȼһһ·÷ۡ
ڽ÷֮󣬿ǰªķᣬ͵ͷĿͶĪ˵䷿ᵹЩ£
˻ʱ˵ЦˣªķᣬʦʱҲ÷۱ӣȻЩªסŻͦĵģԾһֱţĪӿڽ͵
ԣϸһ䷿ᣬȻ΢΢ͷ³֡
ĪӴ÷£Ȼ÷÷ƣ֮󣬿ٵ͵ɨһۣȻ뿪
Щû棬˻ʱ¼£ɽСۣûʲôдģ÷÷÷ƣڸл㲻˻ʱǲƷһ£ĪӿĿ䵽뿪ϣæٴοڵ
ǳںĿ⣬ǱͲˣٶ΢ЩʧĪʦģֻ΢һ¡
ջĿ⣬ûղ΢ʧ֮٣Ĵݳ֮Ѿ֪ˡ
ǰ÷ƣƱһֻҪȥƺʱվڲԶǰæ͵Ͼƣ˳ҲĪӵһȻ˵һߡ
һе÷ƣٴεͷ֮ǰҲƷ÷۵÷ƣյģ֮ǰζһЩ÷۵ĸãڸоѡ
Īע⵽±о֮ǰ˫ּһ⣬ƺǷ֮̽顣
÷۵÷ƣĪҲ͹ˣȻвû˻ͣΪ˻ʣܹͨԼõ÷ƣȫûʲôġ
˻ʱ֮ǰģӦЩ÷һģڵʱ򣬲ϺͼرãζȻһЩĪҲƱһڡ
Īӣ֪ԭǲ׼ݵģ뵽ڴ˴Բصظģٴһڱ֮ƣͻȻһת˵
л˻ʱ̧ˣЩܳĪɫû˿仯ȴǫһ䡣
µһμ㣬֪Ǹ˲ţԲȺ󼸴Ҫ㣬û뵽ǣʾȻ֮ǿ֮Ѿվ֮ǰ»ЩС㡣ͿĪӣϱǳ˵
˻ʱר̶Ϊר佱ҵİɣĪ仰ͻȻ¶һЦ˵˵֮䣬вôԶˡ
Īӵ仰΢Ĭһ£ûлشƬּ֮ڵ֮ǰ¹һ壬չͻȻ£¶һְɣ
Ҫ壬ĪΪ˼ңҲƴǣǱ㽫÷÷Ʒŵһԣǰһָת֮䣬˵ǰһɫ۶ɵ̡
˻ʱ룡Ī΢Цһƣȴӡ
Ϳǰ̣¶ЦݣȻָ̧۳һöɫĹ㣬䵽֮ϣһöɫӡ
öµͬʱһȦɫĹΧɢĪӸоΧҵĵطһĽ
˻ʱҪԸ𣿡ĪҲ̧֣һöˮɫӣͬʱ˵
ûʲôҪģֻǹ޶࣬һ·òҵһ˵ˣļ䡣ĿĪӵ˫۶ӣͬʱһöӡ
仰Ī˲²⣬еĶҲɵͣһ£ĿϸĿһ͵ɫ
ӣͳߴٵȻĪּ֮ڡ
㲻ÿˣҽҵĸˣ˼λԪɣȫ޲ߣпλֶΣͬΪ컯ܹ˹£
˵仰ʱĿƳһķȻ赭д˵
仰Īüͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳûһӡ
ĪʵΪ컯棬ʩչʲôֶΣ˻ҲӦãֶ̫αȽϹ죬ҲЩйصĶ͵ϡ
ӦòǲܽҲû컯ܣ˻ʱµݣ²ѣĪӵͷ˵
ǺǣµԨ߹£öˣͺֱˣһüΨһΣµ䲻ȥֱˣЦһ˵
ĪȴЩˣΪ仰˼Ϊ˻ʣͷͲȥ
һγǲڻʹĽȻͨʳķܹ֮򣬵ûվһźԹ²ų
˻ʱһǿ;ĹԱĵһ·ҲΪʳٳ͵һءĪԣ΢ЦŻһ䡣
Żţˣ飬ҲֻʺϹʺλ֣ƺҵһߵĶ̸֮䣬ȫû˿ıܻ䡣
ҪչҲĲĪ˵
ҲɣһΣͳĬ˰֮󣬲ڿ˵
˿̣ǰϣѾİӣⳡѾˣ⣬Īӡ
ˣ֮ǰӦ£һģۼֽվĪӴ˸к֮󣬱תɽȥ
Īӿ뿪ıӰվû˵Ǿ䡰˻ʱ¡
û뵽ʦȻ˻ѣվĪӵʰ÷÷ƣͬʱС˵һ䡣
ĪĻͷһۣתһһ˵
ѣһ¼ҹˣѣ


İʮ ϲ
˻뿪ɽӸҲûмֱͣ˶飬һصȥͣʱǳ̣ɱԭķ񣬶ЩòõĹгεΪЩвŻܰµģҲΡ
ˣɽϣĪʶ˻͵Ķһ·뿪Ӹںջʶа̾Ϣһ
ûĻӦһμ˻ˣԼ̸ʱ˵һжģܷһ뷷⣬һδ֪
ͨһκ˻͵ĽӴĪӶһγѲĿģ˸Ϊʶ
ȣ͵ȷҪۿĽ򣬶֮ͨΣһ·ϳͽιӦҲΪ֮ҪǰΪһЩҲΪķչһãĪӲ²⣬˻ȥѪҹأ˼ս꣬彫ʿ⣬ӦҲΪԨ
ĪۼԨѪҹս͵˻λõİʯҲԳԽˣ˻ʱڵĹеǷĪ̸֮֮У֮ᵽԨ̹ĶĪӿ϶Լ²⡣
뿪ݺ󲻾ãټѧֿʼµϢݻǹ͵г̣һ·Ϻ֮ǰÿһأεΪ
;ĹԱҲʼѧˣ͵֮ǰǾʼԼǷвȻѸٵĲ죬ԱͳͽĹԽԽ٣õͲŵǱǰˡ
˻뿪֮һ£
ֳһЩݱøӼĪӾ֪һԼջԲС
һˣ˲ٵĿͷɣĪ΢ЦԼǰ˵
ϵı仯ݺģҪΪϢ뿪ɽʱΪ꾳ڣΪѾﵽ꾳ˣҸոջϻһɱȻվһɱ¾֮󲻾á
Īº͵ѯʣϽֳһЦݣɫڻԼľȻص˵ͷ
Ӵ˴һȷЩͷҲʲôߵغ񣡡
仰ĪϵЦݲ䣬º͵˵ЩҪģһθѾѧˣһһг̶ҪԼСģڻؼˣЩʱ°ɣúϢһʱ䣬˳һģ֮󣬻Ҫһѧϰ
ţףĵ˵ͷֻһṳ̊ʵ
ǰ߹ܹ÷ۣ˵һôֵҵ飬ͺͬĻһι֮ȴӵĸͬˡ
صԼʦţԼʦųΪԼڷ絲꣬ҪЩɢһ΢Щ飬Ҫ¡
ȥʦɣǰһʱΪѾͻ˴磬ΪҲʦˣһܸ˵ġĪûмһľ徭ֻǴȥǣϾǲʦոջӦȥݼһ¡
ӸˣԣվһȻȥǵԺ䡣
ڶһ磬ɽϵΣһĸ׼ʱμӣһ̣ν֮Ī÷óһöǽ̵ˡ
һʱ֮ϵĽ̵ĪҲרĲ֮лعˣĪһ߽һа
÷۵ĵӣŻЩٰ
ϻ˵ڣ÷÷۵ĵӣһˣȵԼΪͻԪɾ磬ȥ֮ϣ͸ˡ
÷յӣߵǾӢ·ߣҪռӣһʱ֮Ҳ
ŽΣ׼ȥˣĪͻȻ˹
ʦ㰲һҵʱ䣬һ£¼֮УȻڣȻһЩǣ㲻Ը˵أȫü¼ϣͺá
ĪӵķԸ̱ȥ˲
ĪӷԸôһõһԼջãڶҲǸУһ̣Щǰμ֮Ķź˵˵ܹﵽǵĶ
Īǰ͹ͨĶЩеݣĪżҲãһЩʶ
ԼƽżҲ¼һЩ򣬵ŵĵ̣ͬʱҲǶԹ
ʱֹ£ɽϣůɽһƮ˹㣬ֵ÷Ӧóʱˡ
ɽĲУĪЦĿһμǣϴһ˿΢Щζɫ
ģǵһЩĪӸõƺҲǵȤҲԼһЩ¼У˲ڡ
⼸ĪӴûʹʲôֻ֪콭һ·ǰУڿԼ¼ĪӲŷ֣ǵľȻ˵ľʡ
ڿͻȻ䣬ǵĪӵı
ʦ
ڿǵͻȻǵĪһ̣ĪһִڿСռǣȻ󱻵ץסĸо
ĪӲɫĽе£ȻǳȻʵˣ˵Ǻ£
ʦģӻδʹɫƽĻشĪȴоǵߣʼڿԼղŷµ
ΪʦȥɣĪӵ˵ͷȻ뿪˲
ȵĪ뿪֮ǰոĪӿʶ̽Уԭ¼һݸɾˣȻŽŻԭλת뿪˲
Īӻص÷ۣ㿴кĹԱһĪӹ̱վĪ
ĪڽһҶ˷ǰ¸֪Ī
ùԱ˻һĪҲеЩ⣬֮ǰʶ̽Ӹʱ򣬻λѲӸ̣֮ͻȻ˶ԷѶ
ҲλӸϵģ׼λһֱޣӸѾȥ֮ãޣʱҲˡ
λˣ֮飬Ұһ֮󣬱ǰĪӶùԱ˵
ĪȷĴ𸴣һ֮һ˱㿪ڵ
ˣҶ˻йͲĪˣ
λߣΪʦͣĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ùԱ뿪ĪǷſԼʶӸķһɨ㿴˸֮ǰѾİ׷ء
ӸǴİգҲ֪˸ϢеգԵ΢Щѹ֡
ϲ̾ϢһĪʶɨºӹķ򣬿ĪɽڼſڣһȺ˵ЦĸףɫЩӡ


İʮ Ѳ
Ϲ㣬
һ׼򵥵̣Īӱ߳˸ãһ·ϣмʶ߲ʶˣĪʶˣĪӶڴкʶģҲͷ
߳ãĪӾͿվſڵԪ֪ԷڵԼ㻺ߵԡ
Īһʱ䲻ΪоԭܷڵѳɾԪɣǰ֮ǰõѿҶɴ֣ڿӦ޴˻ˣĪ߿Ԫڵ
Ԫ˵ЦˣҹҳɾԪ֮ǰеǻᣬʮ֮ڣѾѡһʣĪԣһ֮俪ЦĿ˵
й۵ദһֱΪĴ֣ϺüεĴ򽻵ĪӺԪ֮ĽҲϲȻƽĲ࣬żҲһЩ
ʮڣƶȴ޴ģʮĻƶܹһ£ԪԣƿЦ˵
仰ĪбˣԪô˵ԲڿЦĴʮ֮ڣ֣ԼĿҲǳˣ޷Լǰ󷨶ѣԼɾԪ뿪ԼæµʱҲҲˡ
ԪѼд˴㣬ұǰԤףѳɹˣȹЩʱգȥй۰ݷãǰ׼֮в֮Ī˵
ˣлĪˣԪԣ΢Цһ
ҽ飬ˣĪ΢ЦһȻ뿪ˡ
ĪǺϣԪܹɹĶɹ֣Ļǧ֮Ϥ˻ڣҲһǳ顣
ӸӰصʱĪӲûһ·ɻȥͨû߹ӣ˳ֱ£Ӱضȥ
ǰȥ丮һ˶ĪӶЩ֮ĵ͵㣬ĪԵķǳУҲΪˣĪΪߣҲûκζĮӡ
ӸĪ̸ʲô飬Īǰȥ䣬ľѾǼˣͨ޵ӸĪȴ뵽˼еĸĸҲ꽥ߣһ죬ҲҪġ
Īа취ܹĸʱȴûа취ǳϣĪҲ֪ĳˣǲǾǸĸҪģ
˼Īһ·˳ֱ£ҲĶһĪϢԦһҶСںʻˮе㣬ϵĸĪӵ󣬸ʮҵľ룬׷ĪӵһҶС۽ǰС
ûע⵽ЩСۺһڷģһЩ㣬ڸһξ֮󣬾ͷ·ȥһ㣬ǷףƯˮϣҲкܶµС㵮ǹĪϢӰ£ܿͶɹ˳ڣƴС
Ĺ֮УĪһ·ͷ
г̽Īӵ˼ҲƽϢĪϢҲĹޡ
һֱСۺЩûĪϢӰ֮ηһ㣬ٵˮɢһƬˮ
ͷһۺˮе㣬ĪӲû̫⣬תͷºӹȥȥиĸȻٻɽ
һΣĪºӹʱȽϳ˰µʱ䣬Īɽ˵ȥúýµӣĪ뿪ºӹ壬صɽ
պԼĸĸϲ֮ʱӦôͨµʱ䣬Īûһ𰸡
飬ĪӻὫѡȨĸȵݽߵʱ򣬲ҪƳȵĹһĪӶǵѡ񣬾ǡ
֮Ѫҹ⣬һжͨĵأѪҹزϿ
Ѫҹһؿ⣬вٵ彫ʿȺΪѪҹڵĿ֮ҲȺ֮Уӭżˡ
Ŀһжǰ֮ʱĽŲǰһξ룬㹪
ѪҺģѪҹ彫ʿӭ˻ʱ£
ӭ˻ʱ£
ո£ѪҹصЩ彫ʿǵһڶ彫ʿһ󺰣籼׹
ڶ복ϵͬϵı鲻ϲֻ΢ɲһ䡣
ڵˣ
˵仰֮վ˻ʵƣһţȻԥ̤˳ߵ档
ǰ룬뱸һǰһֱߵĵĸǰַסĵļ򣬿˵
ѪĺΪսˣĽʿȣӢۣ
˵仰ʱȻߣͬʱĿɨ
Ŀ͵ɣǳĮȻЩеĽʿһ˻ʵһ̣мѣȻǵһμͣʵİ
ͨʳķ֮ѪҹƽͻʳϢͨ裬ǰ֮ʱѪҹҲûܵʲôӰ졣
ͨʳ֮еԨĹϵľͶ˻ʣӡرĺã˻ʵ棬ҲԼ˵ϲֳֻйоصĴ˻ӭѪҹ֮УҰźøˡ
γѲƵĿģѪҹؼս꣬ģ԰ŵĸˣǺʹйء
飬˻еҪѪҹػвٵİټѧѧӣҲ԰æ
ЯĿռ䷨֮У׼÷ǳḻӯ࣬еٲ⣬֮ǰҲѾ׼ˣеɡ
һļ룬Ѫ֮ڵսˣ֮ĲͣʹͷȥеĽʿҲͬˣһεȣö͸оһҲˡ
֣ˣ
ҹѪҹصڶؿ⣬ֳѪԹصĵһؿվڵԨĵط˵һ䡣
ߵߣ˿վھʹʮҵĵط͵ʱ΢΢İͷˣٴһ
ûԼߣ˿̵ʲôӦֻǿŽµأ㶵Щ
˰֮󣬲߽ڷһ򵥵㰸ǰ˼ݡ
͵Ȼ֪ⲢûʲôãԨһսʱ򣬾Ѿˣֻһ飬ȥͶ̥תˣһݣûκЧ
еʱ򣬻˼ˣĿĲһҪԷյҲһҪ׷ʲôЧ
ԭΪԼܹЩʲôģڼ֮;Ҳûп˵ʲôֻǰվһֱ
ȵ߽֮㰸ȥ뿪ʱ򣬿ǰĲͻȻ֮ãһҹ֮䣬˻ƺ࣬Ȼδ仯ϢһӾ˥ȥˡ
ȥѱϣձ̷񶼡͵У룬æ첽ϡ


İʮ һ׮Ը
˻ʷ̻ع񶼣ȻûѡѪҹĪӿŰټѧøոմϢԸ⡣
׿˵ѳɶ֣ĪԭԤϣӦûѪҹأһݿǷĿǰ˵ôһѡ
ǵʱܹ׳һЩЩõĺô󣬿ɰĪڵ˶û뵽ѪҹصļͣȻȫûκε⣬ô򵥵ĽˣҲӵؾͷ񶼣Щ͵Ը
ĪӲ֪֮ǰͻȻתˣ㣬Ҳû̽Ȥ͵ȷһϸ˻ʣѡļλӦҲܹò
ĪӶϢ̫ĵһԭǰټѧúϢһ𴫵ݹģһݵš
ĪഫݻģĪӻûüŷ⣬ͼѾܹµżеݣѾ¶һĨڴ֮ɫ
ٵĽŷ򿪣ֻһҳֽ˰ټѧɵֶΣһҳֽϼصȴ١
һҳֽصݣĪеһĨڴ֮ɫŨŨЦ⣬ȵŴͷβһ֮ĪЦѾԱˡ
֪ϢҪַˣŷУĪ뵽
ŵݲϣĪഫϲѶ
Ī򸾳ɻʱѾˣûз־أȻҲиá
ĪڼʱĪɽ򸾲ֹһ߶£ڹĪǱǷʲô
ĹģǱһֱûʲôϢҲֻ˵˵ͬʱ룬ڴһ顣
죬ϲѶڴˣĪϲе׼ȷ˵еϢݲѾһӣŷϲѶ
еţĪ˲仯һ⣬ºӹȥգ֮䣬ºӹ常ĸУ˿ڼҵֻĸһˣĪӻʱĸҲûиеȣԴϴεӸ֮ĪӻؼҵĴͱǰһЩʱʱɽͻ˳תת
첻ɽʱ䣬ôпջһЦݣѲʲô¶ĸ׿ĪӵһЦݣһ߸лûиĻһ߶Ī˵
ȷһ£ĪӸոռĻţ˼ˣĪЦ˵
仰һԭɹ·ĸףе̴л䣬˵ϣȫûᣬֻתͷĪеţд֮ɫ
ĸ׼СܵĪӵߣץĪеţҲԼʶʵץֽһơ
Īӳһۣĸڼ֮£ֽѹ÷ģûʲôӰ졣
Ӷ˵ĶģţΪӡĸ׼ץסĪӵ֣֮дѹƲס˷ܡ
ǧȷĪĵͷ
̫ˣѽ̫ˣУҵøϽϢȥõĪ׼ȷĴ𰸣ĸ׵ֱӾֿ˻ץеֽҲվĪӣֱСžͳԺӡ
ĪվԺҡҡͷȫܹĸ״ʱ飬ԼǸĸĵһӣԼһͬˣѾӣŮѾɻˣԼΪ̤ĵ·ⷽ棬ĸȫûʲôָ
ò˵ܵܡã˰ټѧú󣬳ɻҲҪͬͬˣӺӵҲѾСˡ
ĸȻģ飬һֱǶеһĲͬͬ˶ãԼ߼гϢĺӣĪ֮⣬ȴһû䣬ôﲻ
ƽʱû˵лƽԼҲֹͬͬ˸˵ıӴţĪɽҲЩζ
ڣĪϲѶǶӣĪкˣҲֲĸ׻˸ˡ
Īߵĸ׸ղŸɻĵطֽϵ𣬿մ˳Īһϵĳȫ䣬·Ҳ˲ˡ
Լűһľ֮ûüɹ·һһĪβûнֱŪɣһһĽɹ
ȵеľŻطУԺƬ̣ĪɽŸϻһţĪӣĪɽոĸߵµݵĪӵС
ӶдĶʲô
Ž˷ܵĪɽĪӶû˵ͽżݴͷβһ飬Ȼٴȷϵ˵ˣ
׶ĪӽżĶ꣬Īɽ˶ֵúϲ£죬Ƭ̹֮˫˫侲ȻֿʼԹˡ
Ҳǣô飬ҲûǰӸŻ͵ȵӳˣڲͻ
ǣ棬Ҳ֪ûչ˺Լ֪ܲչ˺úӣҪҵСչ˲ãǿô찡
׼ҹǱߣӦҲ֪˰ɣĪǸѾͷıȽϽҲ֪ǰӸŻ

ĪĪɽ򸾵ԣϴЦݣȻһһԹĪ֮ȴģҲȤ
ԹĲʱĪվ΢Цſ˵ҲõˣĪ֮Ѿ˵ˣĸӶƽһҽҸ֣˻ҽҵ֧ôúӳ⣬ȹһʱ䣬ĪͻźӻʱϾܹӡ
ĪӵĻĪɽ򸾵ͷͬʱ͵ԶԣﶼǴ򰡣
Īɽ򸾵ЦݣĪת߳Ժӣ첽ɽȥһɽߣĪʶעżУĪɽĵĻϲ֮Уһ˳ԷʳΪ֮ĪɽĵС
ѾߵɽµĪӿһĻջԼʶ
ôԼһĸĸĪһֱǳأΪʼһδıʵ
ĪӵԺУΪֹһ棬Լû÷µʱ򣬶͵÷ʩ֣ĪɽΪ÷ҪͷԼԼǰزߵͷһĻ
Ī֮յĵһǿҵĸжǸʵͽũҺӣܣԼһ΢ķʽ󱣻סԼǿҵĳУĪӵڻǵ
ĪӺңʱţĪɽ򸾱ԸʹӶû̫ı䣬ǺԼڵҲȥ׷ЩŴ󻧵ӣǾͰȵºӹ壬ͨϰյԵ֡
ڵɽ֮Ī߽÷ãȼ¯УȻ÷񿪿ڵ
ʦյӵõһϢҲ˵ӵһ׮ԸĪãеҲҪӣĪкˡ
ĪĪСͽүүȵĪպ˼ʱ䣬ҲԻĺӣ˵˼Ҳˡ


İʮ Ը
ʳ񶼣⣬һڻʳԱվȴ˻͵Ĺ
ڵһȺʳԱȫ̧ͷԶգһԶʱ˶¶
ǵ⿿ֳ֮ҷۣ󻺻أһǰȥصķ۹һ
ӭ˻ʱ£س
ЩʳԱҲͬʱڹӭ
һڻʳԱĹӭУϵ˻ȳǰģ˻͵ߣеĻӣ˻͵Ӱų˵ǰ
һ֣ԭҪڵڳˣͻȻȫƿԣ˹İС
˼֮ǰȥлž֮ɫ΢΢˶Ŀڵ㣬ˣ
֮еˣкֵôС֣͵Ҳ֮֮г˻ʵϣǱȴһݲϺء
ֻʱ˻֮ͣǰ뿪ʱȣòѾ˾޴ı仯ԭͷ˿Ѿ˻֮ɫ˶Ȧͺ˼ĵһ㣬ǣòȴûз̫ı仯ɫɺ󣬸˵ĸоǳĳ档
⸱ӣڳ˶֪־о²ʵ
߰ɣȻعһ·ϻ£ЩˣͽŲƹվǰҲûЩû˵ĻʳԱֱŻʹȥ
Ǹģ˿ûӰȣ֮䣬л˲Ŀ
͵ıӰüͷ΢΢壬Ҳ֪ǲԼܾôʱͣڽŲн֮䣬Ҳһǿи֮С
վԭ룬һۻվĻʳԱǿ˵λ࣬˻ʱ岻ʣҪϢһ£λذɣ
ĻһȺʳԱУȽϴĹԱһۣȻǰҪ˵ʲôȴǰֹˡ
λ˷ģͽȥ˻ʱ£һ׷ʲô飡
仰һ˵꣬Ҳת󲽵Żʹķȥ
ϳ״ٴλһۣһ̾һϧˣ
༸ȻĬ֮Ҳ΢΢̾Ϣһ£Ϊͳ֮ǰͼһϳǶ֪һ㶫
ʹ֮󣬺ܿ;ڵǼ乬ҵ͡
վǷǰͣһȻҪʣҲɵ÷˽Ų
߽֮Ĭ͵վ˺һֱĿڡ
»Ϊ֮󣬻̲ס֪ġ
˵仰ͬʱͻתվ仰ųڣĺ˲٣
Ըңһеô˰ɣôӣԣޱĿ˵
˿Ȼûʲô飬еȴǷǳӵģԤϵϳĳЩ£ĿһУеЩԽܡ
¾£ֻһѣҲҪĽͬ鷢ϡ
ҪģǴ¼ͬʱ׼һ£˻֮λͿƽ˵
㻹ûиңΪʲôģУ˻㣬ϵ⣬һа취ȷ˵Լ˻֮λ˿ȴû˿ĸˡ
֪֮䣬ѾͬʵΪ˻ʵݣԼλãҲûʼȤ
Ǻǣ컯ֶΣܾȵֻ컯ˣȲ˹£ԨĻЦһ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
Ҳ컯ҿȥ̫һڡ仰˵һ룬ԼҲʶԣȻͣ
£Ȼȥɣ£Լһԣ¶һЦݣ˰֣ʾ뿪ɡ
վԭ΢΢Ĭһ£ͷת׼뿪Ҫתʱ͵ȴͻȻٴ
ס˻֮λ󣬿ʩʱ򣬲򲻵ѣǧҪЭ֮٣Ϊ˻ʣ׵£̫ˣǾֱˣ
仰ٴλͷһοģȴֻһ⣬⣬ǰһ䣬Ѿ˻ʹǰ
վڻʹǰ΢΢Ƭ̣ȻתԼĸۡȥ˵仰ġ
֣£վӦû̫ʧɣڽͳ˻ʹ֮תǽϵĻŻ˫ۣϵЦݱ˼֡
عߵеոͽ£ʼֱЩȫ꣬ûͣ±ʡ
ȡһֽдһţȻȡһʽگ飬д´λ֮گ˻ʵӡȡһӣگżУȻϸһ㷨֮
һ֮߳˹ӭ
ʱ£ҹҪ£Ҫǰδ֮
ҹ£ҪȥϢͿһۣԼ޹ȥ
ԣһĨɫȻæϣһСĵźš
߽Լ޹ԭӦúϤĵطȴѾЩͷûˣɨɺܸɾеƷҲ˿δ䡣
ȥɣҪϢˣ뷿УŸ߷Ը
һֱǰźߣȴûǰô
ֻ߹ڵأ֮дһ˿ʵ˵£ź򣬱ҹ£ʱ
ߵĻתͷһۣ΢΢һ£Ȼһ䣬ˣ
˵仰֮ͱߵԼĴǰûнô˴ϣȻ󻺻ı˫ۡ
ĵվСĵ˵⣬Уֵ÷ǳСģһ˿˿ŵͣ͸˯š
ԴǰǴ֮ôҹź򣬾ʹûм˯ҹʱ⣬ºͶжȹġ
ڴϵڵȷû˯ţѾܾûϢһڴϣƣȴԴԴϵģ糱ˮһӿƫƫʶ嶼ޱȣ޷˯
Ѿ£ȴʼ޷˯ĸоʵǳʹ࣬ѾʹãҪˡ
˫ۣԺ˺ܶļ䣬һĻĻǰطţնȥɽĪӵʱĳ
ԭļƻǰѪҹغǲģɵȥɽ֮ȴЩıˡ
վʱͻȻ֣ڴϵͣϿʼһɫķ֮ʹϿգ֮ʼ˳
Ŀɫķ֮У͵걻Լг˳ı棬Ǹһ״Ѫۡ
ɫķ֮˿ͬһ㣬Ӳ˺˺ʹʹ÷˻
˻֮Ըţ²ô׻ɢģ
һ˻𣬽ɫķ֮дһŻһѾƵòӵĲл꣬ڷ֮İ£û뵽еŻ֮С
΢Ƭ̣ѾʧȥϢ͵壬̹ڵأصڵߵס
ͣ˻ʱ£


İʮ ƽȹ
Ͽյķ֣֮ԼĸۡеȻͱˣĸоʳ֮ģһȫתƵϡ
ʶʲôȻӴȥЬӶ˲ϴܳ⣬Żʹķȥ
֮󣬿ŻһξĻʹʹ÷֮λһһ̱˻ʹ
ڷ֮İ£ӹϵ޹ˡ
ʱ˻͵޹⣬ʵѾվ˲ٵˣһڵϵ⣬ʹڵԼб˻͵ˡ
Щ˿ĵÿ˵·뷿С
ʱҲ˲Щˣ첽߽䣬Ŵϵͣ¶˱֮ɫ
ԭλ˲̫ʵֶΣ˻֮λĻʵܣг˲мͬʱҲԶԷֶΣмη壬ЩеӡҲת˲٣񿴵ڴϣѾʧȥϢʬ壬ֻһʲôסˣһʱ䷢һ
͹ʬ˿Ҳ޷ӶԷϸӦһ˿֣͵ʬ壬ڿٵʧȥˮ֣һ߿һʱĸʬת䡣
Ŀ͵ʬƬ̣ͻȻתʵ˻ʱµأ
仰վſڵУڰб˿ڵ˻ʱͻȻ꣬һ˿лֻ֮ͨأѾûֻ֮У
仰ٴγĬƬ̹֮󣬲˵Ҳãټ̶֮ˣ
ӣأ̽ʼ˻ʱµĺ£͵ʬ壬һƬ侲ˣ̶Χ
ڳ˶ȥҶ֪ûã̳˻֮λģǰѾһʱ˵
ʱ򣬵ȷҪһΪĹǣЩ鰲׵
ȵ˼ȫ뿪ɹߣüͷ΢΢һ£ŶԷ˵Ҳȥɣùˣ
ԣ̧ͷͷѾһƬһ㣬ǾӦѪˡ
Ϊ˻ʱݣ尲Ϣ֮дһ˿ʵ˵
ԣһۣȻ΢΢ͷ
һ֮빬˻͵ٵİ£ʼѸٸЧ׼
ʱ򷴵˳ȥһûʬ壬ȥͽ˸аˣû뵽ǣȻѡȥֻأû
е߿Уܹµ͵ϣҲһЩֶΣѡ꣬ƾлȥֻأлʳ֮İֻ֮󣬿ҲѶȹ̥֮գպлǰҲʣ¶١
ƽﴦĹһ۷еǷȻֱߵǰϰڷŵǸŷ֮ĺӣǰȥֽ򿪣ûпگ飬ǰѺگһǷ˳
֪ԼģԼﻹһЩûн⿪ɻ󣬴𰸿ܶ
ŴͷβĶһ飬ϵɫ仯˼Σգŵһ̣һĳ̾
ֳģȻôĲģҰôĺ֣
ŷ뻳У֣صȻĿ⿴Ŵ⣬ȴ
ɽϣĪվɽߣ̧ͷգɫ΢Щ
ղһ̣ʳķ֮ٴγ֣еĪ̾Ͳˣʱ򣬸ոյ԰ټѧõϢ˻ͻص񶼡
˻ľһôǾʶ࣬ͱ˵֮ĪѾֹһΣڸղŷֵ֮ԭĪѾµˡ
Ī֪˿˻ӦѾˣԼν۲ŴԵ˻ʣĪҲһ˿ϧ
ĪӲϲ͵磬ǲòϣ͵ȷһϸ˻ʣӢţĪţʷмصƪԲ˻١
ĪֻЩȷߵͷǷ껹ڣǽӦֻһλƷϵ飬겻ˣǡ
뵽ĪͻȻЩڴټѧþ콫ϢϢУЩصݡ
徳ڣٴι˰׷أ˻ʼݱͬ»ʵǻĸѾ׵ˣʳķֻ֮ǳ΢Ĳϻƽȵġ
»ʵĵǻ伴У͵֮ڵǻ֮󣬲͵֮񣬱Ȼ˵Ҫ΢һЩΪ궼Ѿˣ֮뷷ȻҲ޴̸
ټѧϢٶȺܿ죬Ϣ͵ĪеʱʵѾʱˡ
Ϣ֮УûĪر֪ݣⲻΪټѧõϢûлȡصϢݣʱЩϢݵ档
˻ʼݱĵ죬з֮ٴ֣һ»ʵǻҪ彮֮Уеտ
ͨնû뵽ܹ֮꣬ο˻ʵǻʷ֮УҲʵټˡ
ɽϣĪӺߵļӣһ̧ͷգֱ֮еķ֮ûµĵͷ
֮Ǽ˶ȥˣֻĪһˣ÷µϣĬĬ顣
˻ǻǵʳĵλ˻ʣ˻֮λʱ徳ڣǱȽƽˣûǰ˷ˣ߹ǰߵѹҲС˺ܶ࣬ʳǱڵһЩ⣬ͶѾˣʣµһЩ£ԼӦþá
Ī֪֮ڣܶһϢչʱڣİ˵һ£ʵҲһ
δļߣãΪִ֮Ϣǿʵпһ˻ʵλ֮ʱʵﵽһСʢһε˻ֻҪάסСʢĹѫˡ
ĪҲڴķչƾӸִʱı֣ⷽǱȽóģС£Ӫ֣ȴĸı䡣
Ȼһ㣬ŵףһиı䶼ǱĬģ̫ڵǳʺϡ
ʱֵ󣬰ټѧµϢ͵ĪӵУϢҪ㣬һ»ʵǻ֮󣬰䲼һЩִʩڶǹ˻ѾϢ
ϢͷβĶһ飬Īȷûй뷷κἰбѾˣԼȴ˼⣬ջһ𰸣˻ͣӦûеõ뷷⡣
Īоãʮа˾ţӦѾˣɵ̾һ
֮ˣûееù컯ֶΣ


İʮ ֶĪ
»ʵǻ֮徳ڣŵһƬ׷أѾû˶ٱ˵ա
˻֮λ֮󣬲ûʲôǳشľٴ룬ͨյû̫Ӱ죬ѰգѾϰ»ִ˵˭ִֻҪܹȥС
÷УĪһеİٻ裬ĿڸУһ˿ĪΪ֮һ
صѴ˴δİٻ裬ƺвͬڸиѣЧҲһ¥ˣʵĪӿԼأ΢Цų޵
ĪϲͺãֻҪϲٻ裬ǽ鷳ĻҾ͸ÿˣĪӶԣÿЦĿ˵
ʦҲ˿ҪɴֵʱˣǰЩ֪ĪѰйԪ󷨣ǰĪǰһУҲæ󷨣֪ɷ񣿡
˵꣬ЦĪӣȴĴ𰸡
صţ֮Ľ飬кβɣĪֱӱһڴӦ
ʵؽյţĪӾͲµһĿˣԴǰһʱ䣬й۵Ԫ֮ĪӰæˣѾǵһˡ
оĪӶϵľܾˣֻкԼнһĪӲŴӦ
ĪԼʱõ󷨣һʱĲ󷨵ܱǰʤһֵҲǿһ㣬󷨣ѾܹΪ÷պһݵˡ
ǱлĪˣڿòʲô̫Ķлѣֻٻ裬ЩƽϣĪҪĪһڴӦЦᡣ
ٻ裬ӣĪӾеĲ豭һ˵
仰治ǿԴʹ࣬ڵİٻܹһ¡һ⣬֮ʹû̫Ӱ죬ڻǾܱȲĪӣʱÿһٻ裬ٶҲа
Īӵ仰һգҪٴοڣȴĪӵĿͻȻתɽ⣬ɵĿҲͬɽȥͬʱ˵
Īзÿţǲɣ
ʲôÿֻͣиʡĵĵӻˣһҵĵܵĪһ֮ͬСĪڻش
ȻĪѵĵӺ͵ܹܵؾͲˣͻ׼裬šĪӵĻ̱վĪӸǵ
ˣͲˣȹһӣţĪվɽȥ
˸ߵɽ£ĪӾͼڽɽ󣬻źüˣĪӵĵܵĪˣԱ߻վһˣż
Īӵڿ⼸˺ֱӾĪӻ֮еһӣĿ֮гһֳĴȰ
ʦǰһĪӺˣ̹һȻ̧ͷĿĪӺؿۣһĨɡ
ֳĪˣ˿ҲЦŶŶĪӴк
ĪûڣֱߵĪ˵ǰ֣ĪӵĻнӹ˺ӣϸĿ⺢ӵüۡ
СһѾһˣڱ뿪ĸ׵Ļ֮һ˫۾Ŀǰİˣûһ˿İ˵η壬ǾĪӵĻкںĿ˿Ī֮󣬽Ц
⺢ӽʲô֣ĪӿŻСһЦѪ飬ΪĴȰŨˡ
⺢ӵʦģĪ꣬ԢԺ󲻶ʵϣĪ࿴ĪӶԼӵϲЦ˵
Ī֣꣬Īӵͷ
һԵؿĪӣ΢΢ЩȤȴüˣٴζĪӴ˸кֱתȥ
һԵڿ뿪أԭҪԼʦƤһ£ĪߵǸ֮סԼƤһµڳ̫
Īڱ˱ԼֶĪ֮󣬱㽫ĸ׵ĻУȻתͷʵ
ôһˣλӣΪҽһ𣿡
ĪӵĻһ䣬ڱ̿ڵڻ·ϣĪϵģλӣӸεĸ𣬺ĪһͬУصݷʦģ
Īڻո˵꣬ṫӱԱţĪӹһ
ϣĪһ֣㲻ɵϸĴһǰ깫ӡ
ϣĪӵڻʳ񶼴ءеؼңͽͬĹңǰԲ಻ʮӣͶ֮ķɣ˵հףôͱƵһ֮λãϵҪ
ԭϵĹӣղżܵһңһʱʤЩʧˣ÷УĪ˼һתţһ߶ǰ˵
Īˣ֮飬ʧ֮Уðţδʱϰʧ֮ҡ
гἰĪĪΪֻǰڤҶжҵ֪˴ְ֮ӸȲҪĪԲδʱϰֱӸֵһͬǰˣ
˵ǳĿҽԼ̬Ҳڵúܵͣһǰݷõ̬
ĪӿһкɽһԽһּհ׵ĸо
ϵ÷֮ڽĽ̸УĪо˶Էհ׵ƣΪֹǱ񣬾õĽհײͬǣλϵӵܣȻ󣬵˼ʽȴԲȻԲᣬհףоȴһϡ
һ̸֮Ҳǳзִ磬Īӻ˸Ȼվ׼뿪
ðǰţʵĽĪߺĪֽãҲһ·ĪѾңҾͲˣȹЩʱգӸ֮˵ûҪǰţϣĪҪң
ĻպعӾӸĸˣ÷ΪӸţȻⲻҪ򽻵ʱӭǰĪò˵
ȻСղźһ̸ĪȴӶԷΪƳʳ֮ˣհڽϵĵλࡣ
ԭءƳհͬˣǰ޸Ǽʱҵӵûհôãȫת飬֮伣ˡ
֮ĪתͷĪʵôʶģΣ
ԼֳʻĪ̱شʶѣʦоɣһȥˣҪӸְǰȥݷʦ˳͸һͬˣʲô𣿡
Ī˵֮Ŀ⻹ɽһۣĸоܲһɽѣԺܵĴĪӵĿе֪ԷһĻϲˡ
ûʲôԣһῡţֻûע⵽ʱ侹Ȼô죡Īҡҡͷ˵


İʮ ܵ
ĪһһصӰأҽӴ˻ɽûд̫ãͺĪһصºӹ塣
Īӵ˻ص֮Īɽ򸾿ĪӻеСһʱ˼ĶЩӯˡ
֮ǰǼĪĺӣҲǳϲǸӱϾʯĪǷ鲻٣ܹԶһЩڵĪ꣬Īˡ
Īɽ򸾽СһﱧڻУСӣںǻ䱦͸¶ִȰ֮ɫĪһ˲Ī˲˲١
ʵϣĪɽ򸾵ȷѾСˣĪĪˣѾʮˣаټ֮Ȼûа취ҲӳһЩʮ˵ʵȽᡣ
Īɽ򸾽Ѿʮ꣬Ҫӽʮˣ˴ûԳ̫̬ĪӵŮ֮еò𲻴ԵҲȽϾ
֮Īɽ򸾲ûԳ̬ҪԭȻΪĪӣĪȻûиĸùʲô鵤ҩؼҵʱżҲĸעһ˿֮Īɽʩչˮ⡣
Ӱÿһԡǳ֮ĪɽƽҲĪӴµ̬֮ƽͣȻĶ࣬Īӵָ£Ҳ磬ȻȫûʲôôҲǵӽ
ĪڽĪһͻºӹ֮󣬺ܿԷɽڻȥ·ϣĪڿĵ·ϣͻȻ֮ǰԼµ·һߵŢС··ҲһƬͻȻһ֮С
֪֮䣬Ѿʮˣʱû찡
Īķ֣ԼΪԽԽߣʱҲûǰôˣһһһ꣬ʱĳɺǰһĳȱ䳤ˣÿһ죬ԼѾȹУռıԽԽ٣ԸоһƺԽԽˡ
ĪҲ֪һ˵ԼʵǳᣬЩ֣˶̵ʱڣĳɾͣٶȹʱУδҲࡣ
Щ飬Īӻصɽһ߽ȥ÷ۣͿļɪĶ˵
ʦܣٽһʦڵ뵽ĪӵĶУĪӱ֪һڴȤ
ԭѣҪڴܱܶ࣬ĪӻҪ󣬿ԭͱԼĺѣͻȻԼʦܣȻⲻҪȤ䡣
˿зŰۣΪ֮һȻҲ֪ʲôԸ񣬸һӣ˳ļһԼʦܣϵڻһᱻסȤһ
׼˵Ťͷ㿴߽Īӣ̶Īӹһ
ʦ
ڼ״ҲתĪ¶һõЦݡ
ʦӿ˼ˣӳŵʱ˵˴ȥһҪͻ񾳽ȻٻЩ⣬ΪĿ꣬ûûҹڣ̶̼ʱ䣬Ӿͳɹ񾳽磬ܹصţ¼ʦ˼ˣ
һ˵һĪӿϵЦ֮УԶһЩֺ֮ɫ
ĪЦڣĿ˵Ϣȣͻ񾳽һʱ˰ɣУЩܵĵطģΪʦȥĵطû࣡
ڵΪͻƣмˣϵϢѾȶҲȽʵΪϲûʲô⣬ĪӶԴҲеο
ӸղŲ˵⼸ӵǺĵģϵЦݲ䣬Ī˵
Īӵ˵ͷߵ÷£Ȼϣһҡţһ߿ĵ˵
ͦõģȻˣͼҪǲɽϣͳȥɣ´οԵȵͻƴʱŻ
ԣٴδյĪӵߣԭϵЦݣһȴˣ
ʦλ׼ʱͲȥˣ˼ҺúʦֶѾͻƴˣҲúúüͣ˼Ҷ
ĪתͷһۣҡΣȻ󿪿ڵˣܻʲôֱ˵ɣǲΪʦȥһ̫ɹ
Ī˵仰֮վԭҡҡͷԭɫʱЩվûпڡ
Īӿڵı飬˵ĸоȷܱˣĪӵĸ֪֮УȴܸоЩԡ
ڳĬ˰죬Īֻǿȫûڵ˼Լڵʦӵܵ裬˼Ҫ
һĪȷˣһˣֻĪӲ֪ʲô˳˼ʵ
Ŷ˵˵ôܵˣ
ĪӽӲ磬̿ڵԭܵһȥ˲ٵĵطҲһЩԵദĻ
ǰЩӣͻ񾳽粻ãܵʦٻͺҷֻȥˣ֮ǰݺݵҵϡ
˵Īȫȷһں´򽻵Ĵ٣Īȴ֪ԷԸЩ䣬ȴԲƽ޹ʵٶ
ϸ˵˵ôϵģ
ҷǮĪ仰ڰҪ˵Ļ˵ˡ
ҷǮⲻҵȱٷȱǮ𣿡
һ˵ţһֵ߱൱ίıݣĪӺһԵԵ׾ӣЩɶ
رԭվһ߻ںţΪܵʲôˣĴ𰸵ʱ˶һ£ţֱһҪѪĳ嶯
˸㷨Ǯˣôûңзźš
ʦ㿴Ѳ·ɽ˵ôܷгеЩǮʵ̫ˣĪӵǰ˵ţóһεķһӳ͵ķ
ŶԣȻˣȻ˵£ʲôĪڵĻǿųһƵĳ嶯ޱ˵
Īӻһ䣬̿ڵʦ÷۵ĵӣЩңͬʱҲ÷۰÷ûķ
Ѿʦ˵ˣܹ֮ôͻƴ磬ʦ㴫ڸΪͻˣһı
˼֮ǰ˵ֻ񾳽ڵҲͻ񾳽ˣ˼ҿǲҲһң
һȦڰĿ˵˳ԭѧ׼ȷ˵ܾƤһ¡
Ī΢΢鶯ţŵ⼸꣬ΪͻˣҲǣһԼǰƤһ£ͺﲻһ
£Īӿڣ۾΢΢¶һЦݣǳĶ˵ȱżΪʦ˱˵ģΪٸһ㣬Ϊʦͽ䴫ڸ㣬ʱ㲻ΪʦҲһһѣ´μµʱһϣ
ĪЦеı飬ڲһɲԤУԼ鲻ԽƤһ£Լһӡ


İʮ ɱ
һȲƤһ£Īԭһʱŵĸ̾Ȼ޴ˣһ˿Ҫʰڵĳ嶯
ĪӶţҪҪھͰڸڣúóһѿͷ
뻹ˣһ㣬Ϊ񾳽絽磬û︨֮£عӦҪϰʱɣĸʱȻ̡̫
رǴ񾳽봿磬һ׵飬˵ܾͻƵһĪӲΪһ˷ġ
Ƥı֣ĪҲ׵ķŹڻ֮󣬾ȸ˵һȥУԼľ¼򣬸պ÷ӵ̡
û˿ԹԵıȥ˲󣬿¼ľ
Ҫһĵ£˵΢еĥľǻҪḻĶ࣬ҪЩдҪһЩԼдݣǾЩͷˡ
ȻеЩСͷۣǶĪӵĽǽ߾ȫȥɣⱾһḶ́ڽԼľдµʱԼһЩȥ©ĵط
ڻ˺÷۵ĵӣڲȫˣĪڣȻһֻˣÿϵΣ÷۵ǰԵòôտˡ
÷٣֮ͬദĶΪӵҲܹ˴һƬ
ĪѾʼĥţ´ڳȥʱ򣬿ԷԸעһи涼ģԴɽ̡
÷۱СһӣֻһˣںˣǵΪ񾳽磬ѾյӵʸӦòӵܵġ
Īһһʱ䣬ĪºӹܵľͱȽˣÿһ죬ȥһΡ
ԼֶӣĪҲոһĲϣⶫհ׺ĪĺӶУֵԼֶӣȻܹ˱ˡ
СһҲǳϲĪӣÿĪȥĪӵĻ꣬ȵĪҪ뿪ʱ򣬻ץסĪӵ֣Īɽ򸾶ЩζƽʱСһʱСһﶼЩܡ
ĪؼҴԼ֮һɽݷãһԸģ̬ɷŵıȽϵͣ˵ûʢ֮УҲ̬֮ӡ
ҪǺĪ̸һЩӸĻҶӸδķչѯһЩĪӵ˼ĪҲǳ̸һսԷߡ
ʱĪҲòٴθ̾ЩоԶĴ壬õĽ̵ϵģ㵽¶ԷССͣڴ˽ϣִɺܺá
ĵҲĪ͸¶һϢǹհ׵ģհ׺пҪˣӦֱӻʳ񶼣ʳȨġ
Ȼܽʳ֮հְλܸߣеȨθҪСһЩڳϣհҲ˵ˡ
վŽϵհףڽʳ֮󣬽Ȼ٣ֱһܴﵽıȽϸߵλãȻӦþͻͣ
ȽϸߵλãָǻʳԱ֮Уڶ㼶һ֮ûرĹͣհ״ѴﵽʳԱйλߵļλãԭҲĳйء
ڽϣ޴ͬʱҲơ
ĪصºӹԼһ֮ĪһλãĿĺ֮ǰصһĪӰæö󷨵ģԼ鲻ѣĪҲþܾɴӦȷ֪ԷҪһʱ䣬ȥò׼ȵԼ֮ǰӦļˣȥ
ȥа鲻ѲܾܾҲˣܲһֱܾɣڶԷ뿪֮Ī˼
ʱ䣬ĪӾܾ˲ĪӰæˣɻʱʱţϾ壬ֵĴ˭֪ж١
ЩѾͨĪӽ鲻ˣػĪˣôǴĸ֣Ȼ󣬵ԻЩģĪҲεľܾ
ƾһˣҲûʱһֱȥĪҲȥ˲
˵ʦ£ӷͣµļ֮УϳƵмģĿǰֻһʱԲ͸󷨣æҲõһЩʱ䡣
öˣ˼ȥ֮ĪվǶУĪһҲ÷ˣԼͱչؼգʡôţҲ˳ԼľԪ飬ɱĲΡ
ľԪɱΣĪѾ׼һʱ䣬µľԪеľŵѾ걸ŵ˴˼ϵǳܣںϳһɽĿԼ
뵽ĪҲûԥǵһ֮󣬾Ϳʼ׼ɱˡ
ںɽľ֮Уµľ԰ƯĪӵǰгŨǳ֮
Īת˫ֻ̧֮У˫ֵָ⿪ʼİڶһöö΢Сķģ˳ĪָĶһ㣬ƵľԪı棬ͬʱΧǳ֮Ҳ˱֮ϡ
ĪӴ˿ȫעĶǰľԪ飬˿⣬ľԪɱʮģȻұ֤ⷢ
徳ڣԪµĸУܹӵһɱ֮٣ԼɱˣǸǷëˣЩ֮УҲһˡ
ųɾŵɱıԪɾϵĸּģҪԭڣҪ֮еľŵںϳһɽһǰͰļҪʵ
һһļʼĽƣٵһļںϣһɽһܻһʽͬɷ֮Ĳࡣ
ҪŵںϳһɽڼߵʵҲһ飬Ҫ㹻ʵסŵںɱ֮ʱһɢϵķģܹ֤ɹ
Ī֪Լʵ֮ԪɣܻҪһЩţƾԼһ·ȴµļʵͨԪ˵Ӧòرټǳ֮İͷĲʣӦܹɹ
뵽֮УľԪɢǱԽԽҫâȴѸٵ¶дɫεı顣
еľŴĪӵļ£ʼٵĿ˴˼以ں
ںϸսеһʱ򣬾ŵͬʱһȻһ˲俪ʼ߽ɢ
һ̣ĪǰľԪٴ𣬲ҾҵĲ
Īֻǰı״̬÷ǳȶͺʱըһ㣬ܣԻɽӰضΪƽء
סĪоһϵױڲľԪϣǿнڲıסͬʱΧǳ֮ҲĪӣȫסı顣


İʮһ ɱ
ĪھŵںϳһɽǰڷɱĲ࣬ʵѾȻˣ̸ֽǲʵ˵ܱס
Īڿʼ֮ǰѾȫ׼еıʼ߽⣬»һģڱɢʱĪӲŷ֣ʵԼԤ֮еĻҪһЩ
ǰľԪ飬Īǿǳ֮˫£־ҵĲƽϢһЩǻһЩ΢Ļζұ⣬˿Ҳ𲻶âԽԽƺʱϨΣա
ľԪڲһ߽⣬һģʼڲҵķ裬Īǿǳ֮˫£Щ߽֮ķģȫεһΧάЩģûг׵ɢ
УĪӸоѹҲԽԽھ͵ǿеѹһҪķڱıԵǿͣ£һҪֳ񣬲ٿڲķģһ㶼ɡ
ĪڷǳңԼʵûдһʼѡʹǳ֮иЩ߽ķĵͬʱԱһЩµķĽȥ
ŵܿͳ׵߽ˣɢĴģͺûͷӬһʼڷڲҴܣʼձ޶һķΧ
ķڷĹУⲻ˻ụײһЩײһ𣬾̵ˣһЩײһ֮󣬶ǳϵһ𣬲˸ϵķġ
ʱĪ´ЩģͷǵãЩµķģһ֧ӵͳ˧һ㣬ѸٵҵķĻ۵ǵߡ
ЩĵĻۣĪѹûа٣Ǳøˡ
ΪЩĻһ𣬾ͺҪγµĽһ㣬ͷֶݵų⣬ñѹľԪ飬ٴξҲ
Īһ߼ǿڵһǿеĽľԪľҵѹȥڽеĹҲɵüӿһ֡
ĪڲʧܣʧܣľԪļʧˣĺĪӲ뿴ġ
ĪӵŬ£ľԪڲһģ˴ٶȱԽԽ죬ͬʱģѾݻɽƵƣһƻûгͣǼѾˣڿٵĳ֮С
µĽƹǼ֮ܳԭЩҵķģһ˲ͱѸٵĿʼϣԭľԪڲƵķʽٵĳš
ֻЩķģȻԭĽƿŲ࣬ʵѾ˸ı䣬ӽƵںϵĹ̻ȻɣҲˡ
ЩԭĽƣ˿̸˵ĸоһӸĽƵһ֣⵽ӸĽƣڳ֮С
ƵĳͣЩҵķģʼϵ˳ĪӸоԼѹҲһС˲٣ľԪּơ
űļĪѹҲ̴û˶ɣΪڲǹؼʱ̡
ŷĿʼϣǵµĽҲϵţеľ֮Ҳʼһչֳˡ
ĪӸоԭѹľԪתʼ³͵Ľգڱǳ֮Ҳڱٵա
ɽϣһ̿ʼźɽһۣƷǳĺƴɽΧһ̶ת
ڵĿȫɽǶܹĪӵϢͬʱܹоһڻγɡ
ɽϵĲľһҲ·ܵһЩӰ죬ٶȻӿһЩ
ǵͷһԼűߣԭƽϣѸٵĳһӲݣҪĽˡ
ɨһ֮Ҳû̫⣬Ŀ˺ɽ
˿֮̾УĪӸоԼڵĵԽԽˣԭһѾȥɣȴûг͡
Īɫû˿Ļţޱȵרע֮£Īϸעڳ͵Ľÿһֵı仯ʱʱıһЩµķģС
ͬʱĪҲʼеһЩģΧķķֿ뵽һߣȻЩɢ
ڷļУÿһƵıƣҪٵķģһЩظġ
ԭӷһֱЩظķΪһ壬ںΪɱɽһŵںϣһγ׵ɱ䣬ȫȫںϣһЩظķģЩòˣҪ޳ȥ
һ߲䣬һ޳ʣЩģԽԽ٣µĽҲԽԽĪǰľԪ飬âҲԽԽͬʱֲʼ׵ʧ
ڣĪӵĲ£һöҲ䵽µĽϣµĽƳ׵ľԪâҲһ˲䣬һ£֮УɫĹâȫǹǳ֮ɢĽ⣬âȫûˡ
ĪһĨϲɫ֪ľԪļѾȹؼʱڣɹֻʣһ֮ңˡ
һƬ֮УĪڵע뵽ľԪ֮ڣͬʱǳ֮Ҳڷע룬ΧҲܵǣϵıâ֮еľԪա
ĪӵĸоУǵոγɵľƣӴע£ѾкõһööģʼͬʱƸоͺһ㣬һı仯
Щ仯Ĳһ֮ĵҲ֣֮ޱֺ޾ֲ٣ݻŴ
Ƶı仯Īɱ֮У֪̽ɽԽԽӽȫĻһɽ
ɹˣ
տ͵ƣ׵쿪һɽʱĪ¶һĨϲɫɽһɣľԪ飬Ѿ̤ɱС
ʱ򣬱Ȼûмɢҫ⣬ʼҺأâѾ˼ʸС
ʱţâʼĻȫջصı棬̶֮󣬹âľƺҲ˼ޣҲκһˡ
ģĪӾԼע뵽еʼͣǳ֮ΧҲٱľԪˡ
ͻȻ䣬ľԪ飬ͷųһεѹѹͻ˾ҵƣԶɽϣɽΧ󷨶Ļζһ¡
ɱƣδĪӴݶľԪΪɱһ̣ҲԷˣͷ·ڶһµɱĵ
Ӧƣɽϵļˣͬʱеһݣţһһۣ¶һĨЦݣΪҶ֪Īӵɱɹˡ
ӽ÷۾һɱļ֮ΪˣպȵʦīҲɱĲ֮ǾɱټԹԣ˼ˣڿźɽķһֻԼ°ͣһ˸պСֹһ䡣


İʮ ľɹ
ƯǰľԪ飬ĪһУԭͷƵı飬ƮĪӵС
ĪӽľԪϸĶţ۲öڽΪɱ֮ı仯
ܷǿ϶ǲ˵ģһɱԶԶǷܹģľԪжǿ⻹Īʱһ¡
Ϊɱ֮ľԪ飬֮ǰ仯ԭɫεı飬ӵľ͸ˣ֮УĪӷ·ܹ̺޾ɫĹ⻪ƺŵǻԣݻ޾ϣٵ⾳
ڱı棬ʼոһһʸеɫâ˵ĸоضָ·ǹűһȦɫݡ
еı飬Īӵ¶֮ɫԼĵһɱԭĪΪһɱӦԼīȣȴľԪ飬ɱȫԼһġ
öµľԪ飬ԴĪƳĪӻûԵйĿһġ
ûдҲöĲʣô˳ĳɹеı飬ٸһԼʣĪӶٻǸеЩҵġ
ԭöľԪ飬ĪӹƣԼпܾʧˣһнƵԭһǷʵԭ򣬵ȻԭöĪҲԼδɾԪǰŽɱĲΡ
ľԪʱĪӿʼĿָĵ
Īڵʣңûǳ֮İһƾԼĻľԪļҲô˳
Īӻָڵ֮˫ۣȴûѡ뿪ңóľԪ飬ʶ̽Уʼϸ۲ǵɽ
֮ǰĪӽ˳ƯԼͷϷ
ǵڸղŽľԪӷɱΣĪ˵Ҳһȫµľá
ŵΪһɽһɱ䣬һĵϣɽתḶ̺́Īڻõĸо
Ϊһɱĵߣ̶Īһɵģеϸڶָƣڻعͷ򣬼ϹƵİĪͨɽղẓ̇ܿͿʼˡ
ľԪһľзĪ޸֮г̺ľ֮⣬һЩٴ
ڽΪɱ֮ľԪǹһ壬ܴˣĪͨɽȻڶԵɿǶֶΣ֮£ȴٲһЩ
ģĪ֮ǰһУʼԽԽãҲ֮С
ʱôһĹȥ÷УӼĪڽľԪɱ֮󣬲û̳أҲû̫⣬ĪӼȻ˵ǱչأǾͲ̫ʱھͳ
ĪӱչصĹУһЩĸţǺڳӴģҲǴĸ֣ڳЩŵˣҲû˸Σֻʧ뿪ˡ
ȵĪӱչһº󣬹չصϢѾ֮дˣҲû˼ˡ
ڼ䣬Īһ÷һΣԭҪĪӵģĪڱչأҲûܼһ档
Īڻʿѧϰҽ֧УҲһλϰҽ֧ѧϰĸذټѧõѧӽΣҲڼд̫ãδĪ֮󣬾ͺ˵һһ˷ݡ
֮ɽӾͱƽԸȽѵڣɽ֮⣬ʱҳÿ֮⣬ڸ
ԸȽѵڣɽ˼֮󣬿Ҳеû˼ɴҲԼСԺ˱չء
չصݱȽ˼ǱĿǿʼչԼңǵһ˹ȥԼҡ
ЩЩõĶǲ٣ĪÿǸϵջڵջʵʵĶˡ
߼·ܹڵݣľпܵõǰ˴У˵ľˡ
һ֮£ֹϡҩӦоУȵºĪӳصʱ򣬿еһѶҲ΢΢鴤һ¡
ʦЩûʲôãѾˣ˼ҿҪҪɽϽرȰЩ
Īӿһأ̳ԼǰһױģڣʼվһЩɪ
ֽӹеĶĪޱ˵ȻʲôرĶһƬТģҪΪףΪʦˡرҲΪʦԺһ¡
ĪӺԥľͰѶˣһ˵Ļڱ鲻ɵһȻ̻ظĵԼҵʦȻʦô塣
ʦ˼ҽľԪɱΣܲõӿ۽磬˼ҵɱڿĪӣЩĿʵ
ĪӼľԪ飬ĸеЩ棬÷۵һɱȷҪϾҲпպҪɱ
ĪԣϸĿһۣҪһ㶼ѣҲ֣׾ܹ㣬ĪӾãôƤˣλֱ֮øƤˣӦòֻô򵥵Ҫġ
΢˼һ£ĪӾóľԪ齻ڣͬʱҲ뿴ڵˣʲôϷ
ӹľԪ飬ϸĶţвסޣĪӶ˽⣬Щ޵ĵģΪԺҲһɱ
ڿһ֮ھͽľԪ齻ĪУȻִսĪС˵ʦμɱ֮󣬽ֱչ˼£⼸µʱ䣬ǲãûʲôֶΣԽ̵̽ӵġ
ô֪Ϊʦչ⼸£һֶΣĪԣЩȵڡ
УӾ˵ʦ֮ţÿαչأȻãһʱѧˣ½һЩֶΣԺȥҲñ۸ˡԭֻ̽һ£ĪӵĿֶΣǱ㻰һתϽ˳Ÿ
Ļһ䣬ͻȻԼʦ¶һЩЦݣȻĪӿڵΪʦһֶΣȡпľɹ⣬һɷڸ㵱ȻԣΪʦûüʵɷãȰΪʦһ£
Īһ˵ţһ˫̧пٱ任˼һɫĹâڵϡ
һ˲䣬ڸоԼӲҪǰһŲͷ·һ㣬Ҳ޷Ų
ڸæҪģոſûüͷԼ˵ûκ֪ôԭأʶȴûܵʲôӰ졣
ʦ˼飬ӿЦʮ
ΪʦҲ㿪Цģ˺ģ͹ԹվһȵεʱӦþܶˡĪЦеĿڣ˿İת뿪ˡ


İʮ ׶γɹ
ʦ˼ҵɷһҪ̽Ұʵ̫ˣڶһ磬ոΣھΧĪӵߣĪӰ
Īһǿľɹ⣬Ȼ˾ʹһֱϵΣŻָж
վ洵һҹ磬˵ֻССĳͽѣֻСЦĪʩչɷ۲ˡ
ĪЦſڣֶüһָָһĨ㽫һϢԺ
ΪʦĿľɹ⣬ȻʲôɷȴΪʦԼ򣬹ʶΪƣڵΪ˿ľɹ⣬Ǿĵɣ
ĪͨľԪеɽϹƵİľ֮Լٴел۵ĻϣڴһŲĹɷ
ΪɷĴߣĪӼǲκͿԽɷȻΪСһЩĵ
Ϊ꾳磬Ŀľ񾳽磬ľ⣬ϣͿĿľɹ⡣
÷۵ĴйԭľеĹôȴû̫õóֵľĪĿľɹ⣬Ҳǲźպ÷۵ĵӣֶһб־ԵĹֶΡ
֮ĪֽɷڸǺߵĲˮľ֮ҪľɹĻ˵ЩѵģЩĽĪڿһ֮󣬻ǴڸһźȽϵҲǸο
ԭԼľɹлԸʧڵõĪӵĴ֮Щľɥһɨա
ԼĶλʵǳȷԼ÷ֻһӣȻĪӶܺã֮ͬҲǳƣȴûˣ˵÷˵λ͵һ
Ȼûѧľɹ⣬Īܹڴڵӵʱ򣬻˼ڸһĵѾ֪ˡ
Ī֮ˣһӣԴӰ뵽֮ıַǳ⣬һ棬ҲΪĪһǾǷ²ѶµĵӣǼӣҲҪչ˵ġ
ľɹĪԴĵһɷ̺ľ֮֮ҲһֱĻۣղһɷ
ſľɹ⣬ʵֻһ׶ԵĳɹĪӶյһ֣δкܴǱھ򣬵ҪĪӼڵͬʱԼҰԼΪпܸһ
ڴǿľɹ֮˳ŽĪӱչصʱ䣬ĺĪйص¸Ī˵һ顣
֪ЩҪԼæˣʱѾŴţĪһ
ȥ죬ӦλѵĲ֮ɣ˳ȥһѩݣȥŵѶ֣ڶʱڿˣĪӾʹһˣӦɣȻӦһλ֮ǰȥۿ֡
Է֮ǰѪҹʶĵѣʵǳҲʶ֮Уһ׼ɴֵģĪ׼ȥ
λŵѣȴûĪӰæĪӴȥ
ͼӽһ£ĪӾת뿪ɽ뿪ĵһվĪѡȥݣΪñȽϽҽҲ˳·
ݰæĪֻʮʱ䣬ΪһЩ׼ãĪӵҲʱȽϿ졣
֮Ȼغʦ㶼Īӣݶͣ죬Ծһµ֮ˣĪӵȷ£ûܸͣɴľ뿪ˡ
ĪӴµʱ䣬֮ǰӦҪæļλѵĵط˸飬ݣܿͽհְҫڡ
Ȼ׼ѩһˣǵȻհףҪȻٹһʱ䣬հ׾Ӧְǰʳ񶼣ʱһ棬˼ľ͸øԶˡ
Īӵĵţհ˵һľϲ
ڸ֮УĪӺհԶĪӵĿհ׵°Ͽ˺üۣʼմһĨϷʵЦݡ
Īֻ֣˺ѣôЦ𣿡հ׿Ŷѵ񣬲ɵԼ°ͣ΢Цʵ
ĪҲͬЦҡҡͷ˺֮󣬿ŵȷ˲٣ֻڵĺ룬δЩһЩѾˣԵмˣ
հԣûĿһۣȻϵľƣԼһͬʱ˵һǰѾӵ˻ʳģҪȥְˣг룬˵ԵøϳɳأҾҲ
հһ˵ţһҲĪӵһƣеĻﲻͣҲʮˣҲˣȷӦÿһЩ
Īӵͷհ׺·հ׻Ҫ΢곤һ㣬ŵͨ˵ϣȷѾСˡ
ˣأԴӳһ֮ôδгҼĪӲûϾᣬΪʼһƲȥĽֻеȵհһвܹ⿪
ĪĲɣѾͻؼǱѧϰҲһȥˣʱҾҪȥʳְˣǱ֮߰󣬹ǲŻȥհ΢Ц˵
ǻĲɣƵ⺢ǶˡĪԣԴһ˿ź˵
ǰĪѾɹ֣ʱܹ̤Ԫɾ׼ˣ˼ʱ䲻ˣպҪ棬ҲˣհҲ΢Щꡣ
հ׵仰Ī΢Цſ˵º꣬ȵպܼʱǣ
⵹ҲǣհҲЦŵ˵ͷ
֮˻ݾͱ˲٣̸һЩʱľĪ˵հ̸Ҫḻܶ࣬徳ڴСС飬˽ҲҪĪӸࡣ
ҪȥʳְˣԴˣհ׻Ƿǳ˵ģΪ»ʵǻ֮ʱ䲼ĸģհڽʳ֮ȨȻСһ㣬ܸɵȴˣҪӰķΧ㡣
̸˴հ׸ĪӽһЩҪ˼·Īѯе©֮ĪҲһʱ˵һЩԼ
հ׻Ī͸¶һϢ˵ڤ֮ڣ֮ĦϾʱ䣬ڲ⡣
ҫͣ˼֮ĪǰѩݣǰȥλŵѶ֡
ĪӵʱոպãԷ׼ѾɣϾҪʼ֣ĹͣѾĲˣĪıȽġ
Ⱥı֮УһЩĪʶģЩĪû˵ЩĪӵ֮һֶǳ顣
ϾѩݾݺܽĪݾڵһսݾڶһƬұȡĪѾ˲˵֮
ȥʱ䲢ԶĪ֣˶ӡġ
һʶ֮ǰĴ֣ͺĪһ𣬰ĵȴλŵѵֿʼ


İʮ  
վһɽۣ׼ֵλŵѣĪͻȻȴԼЩָо֮ʱѹС
֣һιۿ˶ֵʱѹƺûôѲɽŵԵ֣ҲǳôŵѽŵѽЩˣĪа
ϵڶι˶֣һιۿǰʱĪȻҲеһЩѹȫôĸоԼʱĶ̫ԶˣĪЩΪ׼ֵŵѵˡ
ʱվɽλŵѣʼųԼϢڵȫתɫĹâסͷϿգҲʼ£ɫıû谵
Ī֮⣬Χļĸ֣ʱɫΪѾо˼ٵķ֣Ǵǿѹ
ЩѽĪʱüͷȴһ壬оЩ̫Ծ
ǰͱŵķ֣𵱳ǰȷҪǿһЩӦòԼеŶԡ
ĪͷʱλŵѵĵһѾʼˣɫı亮дһƬƬ絶һıм˲ŵվɽ壬һ˪
ĸ֣˿עѾȫĿתĿź֮еŵѣʶ֮УѾʼ˴˵λõǴڷ֮£ӦӦԡ
һûܹκελŵѣһĵ֣λŵӦԵĶǳɣϾѪҹģһΪսǵеĴֿɱȵġ
ֱֵʱĪӲŷ΢ֳһЩϵķİ£ҲӦԵġ
ߵֵʱȻҲӦԹȥʱѾЩǱˣǼ£ѾЩȻѾ
ĵڰ˵ֱ֣٣ķ˾ʧ˷硣
ʱڷ֮µŵѣѹҲǳĴ˼ֲ֮С
ƣڵھŵ֮£Ի˵ģҪԻ׶֣رǿ֣жɲȥĿܡ
²ֵʱҪӦһ֣ȻپֵĿ飬ʱȥ֡
׼ӦһֵʱȴͷϿյĺƣһ̾ҵķգ֮䣬͸ǹѹҲ֮
ôܣͻı仯ڶֵλŵѣһ˲еЩ˼飬ţͷһ־
ĺƣ͸¶ǹѹֺһϵĸоѾϢ̶ֳȵķֿ֣ܹġ
˿̣Ҫ˵λŵѣһԹۿֵļĸ֣еӴѹɫͬʱΪ֮䡣
ڰ˵ֵǿôҲڴҵĽܷΧ֮ڣھŵ֣Ȼһô࣬ȫ˵Ԥϡ
Īѣ㵱֮ʱҲ˿𣿡һһλĪʶĴɫصĪӡ
תͷʱȴĪҲͬһأ϶¶˽䱸֮ɫ
ĪѾɹ֣ȫȷǰ֣ǲģھŵֵѾһЩֲĳ̶ȡ
ϸղԼЩĸоĪ˲ˣʱ󳷵׼
ʱзתĺУ̽һֻ޴צֻצŰ׷Բְ͸״ͷ·ŵķ۶ɵġ
ֻצ֮һͬ͸˶ͷӺ֮̽Ѹٵ·
ǵھŵˣ͸ķֵ˲䣬ǹɿֲ壬·һУһ˲·һεˣΧ·̶һ㣬붯һ¶еѡ
λŵѾУ޴ķ˶£ƴȫԼеķȫҪڽУץסһ
ԱߵЩĸ֣˿̶ʼƴȫˣҲĪӣжǿĹ֮£λŵܹסĿ΢΢֮һĻȴһ̷ˡ
ھ޴ķҪ˵ͷʱ޴ķͷķͻȻһתͷ·һľһ㣬ŤתһȦȻڶֵλŵѣתȺĸֶ
һ˲䣬ں˵ĴһƤɫĹâΧɢֻһ˻վԭأǾĪӡ
Īһֲ²⣬Ǿһη֣ǳģĻԼĸоܹ͵ˡ
ĪվԭأոձɱεľԪͬʱɳͷųҫ۵⡣
ɫĹâɢһʸУƵɫˮһΧɢ̾ͺ޴ķײһ
޴ķڽӴ֮󣬷·Ĵʵʵķٶȱ΢赲һ£ȻӲıһȦ⣬Ī
Īվ˫ֿٵı任һɫĹâѸٵۣתһϢϢ
ھ޴ķǰɵͬʱĪɫĿľɹҲ˳ȥ
ľɹ⣬ĪȫʩչȫͬںڿЦʱ
ɫĿľɹڳȥ˲䣬䵽˾޴ķ֮ϣԭ͸ķٺľɹײһ֮ʼӴĵط͸Ѹٱ˿ľʵء
ֿľʵزûӣǱֵסˣӦģҲڿɹ±СһȦȻǿĪ
ĪͷľԪ˿̹⻪ΧɢĹâֱøӺһЩʹ÷ٶȱø
ʱ͸ľ޴ϣͻȻһ⣬Ǿʹӽİ£ľԪǿгƣٶȷɿ˵Īӵǰ

һ̣ĪѾ˽ıʣʱҲæͷľԪǰȥͬʱ̷ԼСͨһƬӰѸٵı仯λá
䣡
һ޴ĺ𣬰ĿΧɢڵϾ˲ĳΧԲһ֮ڣеĲľ
Ƭ룬һƬˮľףŽص԰־ۣҲŰĿ֮бǿе˺ϰĪӣǱĴŰĿǻһ˿Ѫ
ĵһʱ䣬һˮӳĪӵϣҫľԪҲɻصĪӵͷɢصĹâС
Ī̧ͷգ˿̴ֵĺѾɢղԴﵽԪȲεĿֲһѾʧˣ⣬ȴĪһʱƽ


İʮ 
飬壬ҲͬиԵ飬ر֮Уִ滹вٵ飬ȫǷǳǿĴڡ
ղŵǵֳΣֵʮа˾ӦˮֶΡ
ĪӼǵ֮ǰհ׽̸ʱհ׸ʱڤ֮У֮Ħ֮ڶ⡣
飬ߵķֶܹٿأδЩ̫˰ɣĪôš
͸ղһ֮ǿҺĪľԪѾɱΣʵҲֵܹס
ɼˣĪľԪ飬Ŀľɹ⣬ԼʩչСͨ˳һһˡ
ǻλڶֵŵѵĻڹʣ
˵λŵѣĪӽĿ⿴ԷֻԷʱҲЩµģȫ㲻ô£Լڶ𣬲Ǵֲܼ֮𣬲ǲᲨô£
ǣɹˣ΢һ֮λŵҲܿĻعͷѾɢĺƣ˵һ䡣
ѾָܹܵԼѹѾɢˣȡ֮ǼٵĻ֣ǧʣ֪Լ˿Ӧøʲôģأó˼ƿҩУʼĿ
ȻһѣԲʱµĵ֮ȶɹ˵
Ī°ɣһڹļĸ֣˿ҲصĪӵԣϻһˮɫâڲѪĪӣԴһ˿ʵ
ĪӻͷһۣȻҡҡͷĿֻصڶֵŵѵϣ˼״ȻҪʵģɫûпڡ
˵УĪӸոձֳʵҲеЩԾȻ֪ĪѾɹ֣ʱԳɾԪɵ׼ˣԸղһǿֻԪɾǿߣܹӦ԰ɡ
ĸҲĿתڶֵŵѵϣжٴһЩ裬ղŵһЩлֺ֣᲻Ҳͬ
˵Ŀע£λŵѣϽȼ˻棬ڳֵ˲䣬̵Ľڽܿͱһ׸ߵĻȫİסˡ
ǵĹˣϵΧɢΧĴض˿ƬƬѡ
ֹһƽĿʼͣȫʧ¶ŵѡ
ĪһĨɫоԷֵǿȣƺԤ֮е΢һ㣬Ƚ׵ľͶɹˡ
ѲΪղŵǵ֣ĻһЩĪͷ
ͷͬʱλŵѣ˿˫ۣȻó˼ƿҩٵķ£ʼȫתָĵ
û֪Ѿһ˿˷ܣԭΪһֵʱͻһЩˣ˳ʧһ˭ϵһֻ䣬ûϵһ֣û֮ȥѹһӼ˲١
ڶɹ֣ҲԤ֮еҪ˳˳ĶЩ˼飬ǿֻ֣Ҫʲô䣬Ѿ˰˾ųɵģԼܹɹˡ
Īӿŷµҩ֮󣬿ٻָĵŵѣ̧ͷգϸĸӦϸ΢Ĳһֱȵʱ֮λŵ˫ۣͷУҲٴοʼۡ
һΣĪӲûٲĸо
źƻ۵һ̶ȣһѩ׵£Ī¶Ȼ֮ɫԷ֣ӦҲˣµһֻ൱ֵͨһûжв
ܵ׵ŵѣ˿ҲǿϲûղĻɹ֣ʮþˣ
Īӿµһ׵磬ӵһһֱûжһֱֵʱֵڶֵŵЩмܣ׼ļֵķЩ΢΢Щ
ߵ͵ڰ˵ʱλڶֵŵѣӦԵѾǳˣҲһЩˣ˫ȴڷ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
һֽٵһ̣һϲ֮ɫŵѣʩչСͨǰͬʱɫĹڣ˼С
һ£䵽ǰǵϣǵ˸׹⣬֮ըȻǰǵڣҲըˡ
һƬ׹֮УĪӿλŵ͵ı׷ɳȥڿбһѪ䵽ʮ׿⡣
һ֮󣬼ĸ϶һⶼһˣʱ򹦰ܴɣʵЩ̫ˡ
͵˽ҪǰʱȴһЩЦ
ҳɹˣĪڵļλĸͬʱ¶Цݡ
ͷĺƳ׵ɢҲǳҵŵѣŴӵվ
ڻ¶һƬڣ΢΢ɢһֿζڵĵʣ޼ƹƲᡣ
£ԷϵЦݣзĵֿϲȴܹܵõͬʱҲܹ⣬ҶǳĽ
꣬ɹɷ֮飬ʱԳɾԪɣܲڳĴָеĽ
صѣɹ֣ԪڣĪӷӦ죬ſޱǱλŵѹһȻ󿪿ڵ
Ī֮ĸҲӳ˹ͬһ񣬶Ŷɹֵŵѱʾϲ
лλѣУڽմͨԪɵĵ·ôͬһ֤ͬŵѵȻҲ˵ϲ
ϲ֮࣬ҲмֽңǷֵ䣬ܹɹȹֵĿ΢΢ʮа˾ҪлӰ
뵽ŵѿһȺеĪӣĪѪҹʶģĪӵ飬˽ҲԶһЩ˿дܹµڡ
Ϊˣ£вһ˿ǳԼ鶼˲֣ˮֶδЩ̫ǿ˰ɣȻЩ̫
Ϊеһ˿ǳŵѸոնɹֿ֣ϲ΢΢ҲɢһЩ
λѣնɹ΢ЩңȻˣҲóԸˡԭλǰȥСۣʱЩ㣬ҵˣȵ˸֮λһۣʱԼϵˣλŵҲҵ飬ڳ˸һλԼϵַǳҪõĵѰȻͽˡ
ԭĪҲõ룬Īʱûµ˼ȥղŷ֮е䣬Ҫˮ֮УһֶΡ


İʮ 
ѩ뿪֮Ī뵽򵥵һ취Ȼȥհˣ֮ǰڤϢǴհ֪ģȥհף˵ܴõһЩϢ
һ·ϣĪҲڻԼĵ伮ˮļز࣬ˮ֮е顣
鵹ҲһЩģͷ֮йصȨ飬ˮ֮емλȽģ߼֮Уķ籩쫷ȼλ
˵⼸λ񣬾ڴ֮ϣڤ֮УԼǿµУûٸ鷳
ĪٴݵҫּܿհףհһȥĪӣ֪µģĪӵԸ֮ǰ˾ѾȹˣĪӻȥʱ򣬾Ӧֱӻصɽ»صԼ
ĪȥʱˣҪæ֮ûĪȿڣհ׾һѯʵ
֮ǰȥۿһλѶ֣ȷһЩ飬п漰飬һ¡հףĪҲûпֱӾͰԼ˵һ飬ͬʱҲԼ˵ˡ
հ֮΢Ƭ̶̣Īӵͷ˵Ī֮£Ѿˣ֪֮УȷһλλƷλ
λ֡ȡ֮⣬ȨܹӰзֵǿ»Щ˲ˡ
Ī԰꣬ȽϢؼ壬еĳæһ£ҲڤеǰԴһʱ˽һĪ֡
ĪӵһС£հҲˣȰϢؼ壬üĳ֪
ǾͰˣһȥҲ취ϸĲ֤һ˳ҲὫϢɢȥ徳ڵʿ߾衣Īԣ˵ͷ
ȥĪҲûм뿪ݴ˼죬һ˵ػڣݷһ³ˣ˳źһ֮
ĪѾһɱǱ𵥴֮˵ĪĿǰΪĻǳˡ
λ֮ϵ裬ܹƥУҶԷҲظ֮ͬѧϰƳ³£̲Է⣬״
ԷһͷĳĪһμʱ򣬸оԱǰǿһЩպ֮ʱͷĺ췢һɱ
뿪ػ֮Ī;ûʲôҪͣĵطһ·صӰأǰŸո̤ɽŽϵž͵ˣˣҲĪЩû뵽Ȼһλ顣
Լǰ⣬飬ĪӲû̲żȶŶԷһ񣬷ǳĿڵͼרһˣ֪䣡
Īܣ˲ĪǰŵЦſڽһԼݡ
ĪĻȻλ֪ʷ֮мأǰΪϵһλǰӦѾнǧˡ
ǵڶʳִڼõ뷷飬ǰ徳ʮĴݸιְ֮ڳϹٰƷķдһЩ˿ڵƪв˴̵ʫʣ뷷Ϊ˲λƷ
ĪӿǰܣֶԷƷ飬ѾƷУ֮УҲǱȽˡ
ԭǰݶǰдµʫƪǰû뵽ܹüˣ
ĪΪԼհ׵ĹϵֱӾͰԼϣȷҲʡ
ĪӵĻһĨЦ⣬ĵͷĪ˵ĪȻԳһҽտ²ôѵˣĪʲôֱʰɣ֪ģᾡشġ
ԭֻǼ򵥵һŶѣֻ˳·͵ĪӵУ׼뿪ˣĪӣѯҲôһʱհ׺ĪӵĽ飬ԼĪӱֵıȽòķϣҲԽ𼸸⡣
ĪЦЦʹ˵ȷòŷʲô±ֱӿڵǰЩǰȥݷֿ֣е֪ڤ֮Щ̫ƽǰܷһЩ
ԣĿ˵µϢжѾдˣȻʵˣҲûʲôģڤ֮УƵȷЩҡ
ԴѪ֮Ĺ㿪ʼˣٵѹˮ徭һܣʱ䣬ƺעŵڤߣʼڤдĹ飬ҽ֮ץ
ץ
ĪﰲţĿǰڤ֮еľƣԼʦ᲻ʲôΣգͻȻ˵ץ֣ܵĻû˵꣬ҲûмŴѯʡ
ڣԭڤͥʳ飬һʳļλ£ʱķ˳ɼʼһ¶⣬Ȼ˴˸ΪսҲûס
֮ǰĹ֣Ѿ²ˮķΪ赣ģԷȨûӰ쵽ֵ֮ǰѾ˵ǶԷܹ޶ˣҾˣҲ˲СĴۡ
˵꣬Ī΢΢üģΪĪӻΪ鹢ڻֳ˵
Ĳý黳񸶳Ĵ۵ȷС֮ԻͻȻôһǺйأϾҲıɱ֮ϣһ棬йء
Ѹٲȫ֮ȨʱһλǿҪŻɵ㣬˳һļֵǺǣ
˵棬ֱúǺһЦˣ˼Զûд찡Īɱ֮ûгĸֶˣΨһջ֮Уȷֳļֵ
Ī֮ǰ÷ԼϢһλ컯棬ǳʱڤ֮зһУиоһĽ͡
ߵҪȥǸλã塢ˮԼ飬Ϊ컯Ļᡣ
Ŀǰ忴СΪ֮Уռмƣλ컯ߣԲ̨ԵòŲæ
ǰոᵽץѵ֮УˮУͨһ㣬Īʳ˸ղԼע⵽⡣
Īʳ⣬ɫһĪͷʵҲйأҲ㣬ȷˣԭҲ˵ٹһʱ䣬ԼҲܹ뵽
йصģϵ鱻ץһӣĪðһͷ³֡

ĵͷ϶ĪӵĴ𰸡
һ£Ī֪Щˣջ䵽ôȥĹҲۣӰǷǳԶģرڸ嶼ʼµ컯ʱ˭ܹס


İʮ ͼ֮
뿪ĪӲŴǷţϸһصݡ
հ׼Ĺţؽһλ񣬽֮ǰĶ䣬µĽһԭݿûܽôϢɺܴһЩûнĶ
Īڿ֮󣬶λĵϸҲ˸˽⡣
ǰǽ嶼ó绽꣬˷壬Ǳˮ壬ˮ֮ϵ輫ߣһԷ
ǲΪߵˮ֮ͺóķ֮ڷ֮գʵˮ֮١
Ϲ廹δ֮ʱ֮Умλŷ֮ȨЩƿŷ֮ȨںʱҲûռʲôˣһλ
˵ļλУƿźͷйȨ񣬵ͽһȨǿµȥ磬˿Ӱ죬λ񣬾⼸֮һ
£֮Ȩʱһλ飬ʶǼ֮Уķ񣬾Ҫһ¡
հ׵֮иĪӣ÷ˣΪĸѾʼλˣֻҪԷٸðͷӰ쵽Ĵʿɷ֣־ͲûԷ
ڶʱڣλҲðͷˣһĸֶţһ棬Ϊ˱ԼļֵҲͬ˲СĴۣƻúõĳһʱ䡣
Īڿհ׵֮Ҳǳ׵ķԭ㽫ԼõļλѣɢȥڿûҪˡ
ĪҲˣ֮ˣĿʼˡ
ĵӦûΪѪǣټǷݶǻϽͣԭȴ컯֮
һλ컯棬ܽˣĪӲ֪ϢԴԺδȻ鶼ţϢԴͷӦüٲˣԭ
ĪڻЩ÷Ħһ÷ʱΣҲڲսֶλ΢˼һ㣬Ǻ齻սӦþûôིˡ
ĦҲֻǸոտʼûеҵʱ÷ӦӦˡ
õһ𰸣ĪҲʱģ岻ʲô֣ǰڤ˵ҲһϺȵģ˶ãҲ롣
żպãĪרһ򣬽õķϢ¼УȻڣͷ֣Լһˡ
֮ǰӦĲ֮£ѾȫˣհҲȥˣЩźûмպԴ֮мһ֮ôҲûмҲ֪ʲôģˡ
ľԪҲɱΣīĪʱҼΪͨľԪľ飬Ī֪ƾԼڵĿǰīȵĲʣʮа˾ʧܶգǵԼɾԪ֮취ɡ
ȻˣĪ黹治٣͹йص¾һѣм⣬ĪҲҪָ㡣
֮ǰһʹÿľɹԵУĪӶɷǺ⣬ԽúõĲһһ
֮⣬֮ǰֻһЩĪҲҪһ£мصĹ֮ݣ˵Ȼûʲôİ˼·УȴǿԽһµġ
Īӽļʱ䣬һηǳеʱ⣬ÿϵУ֮һʱ𣬻̵µһʱȻͿʼԼˡ
һڴЩеĲݣȷĪӲ˲УҲЩջ
رЩ֮УĪҵһļ֮Ī΢Щġ
֮ӦһɢƵģһ͵ķԷˮƽߣƵߵһͬݲȥˣնԷ˼·Īӹڰ˵Ҫˣﲻھŵĳ̶ȡ
һܹĪעģĹʽó󷨵ĸ֣΢ǰһĸо
εķķʽ󷨽ϵĺܺã֮Уһ󷨵ı仯ܹͨӲ֣չ󷨵ı仯ﵽ˵пص֮Ч
Ī˵ھݵʱǼλǰ˶ЯһУһ̷Ǽܣ˵Ҫ
ΪоĪصػһʱ䣬˳Ȼϸһ¡
ε֮лǲںϵ󷨣Ҳˮ׼֮ϣƴˣҲһ󷨵ˡ
򵥵ļöӱ䶯֮䣬󷨵֮չ֣Ȼ罫̿ô󣬵ܽһ֮ϣ˵ѾƳ³µĴˡ
ǰ̣Ī뵽ǰ񻰴˵УһΪͼķһЩӰƷ֮Ҳչ֣չͼ͵ǲ󷨣֮һķҪ
ϧǴЩ֮У»ܱĳͼЩƵĶ󷨺ͷĪ΢Щϧ뵽
ͨԽϸĵĹ۲֮Ȼвٿȡĵط󷨺ͷ
ԷõЩȡɵֶΣֻǽ󷨺ͷߴһ𣬵ϻģĽϡ
취ѾǲˣϾһɢޣܽӴϢޣİ취ҲֻԼ֪Ϣ֮룬뵽Ľ֮ûʵҲ޷ȷԼĵ·ȷģֻ˵ɢ޵ˣ
Ҳµӣһǻ۹ʵɣĪЩԼͳȥ򣬲ɵðһ仰ֽЩ򵥵ĹɢȥΪĪиˡ
Լʦ÷һκһ߻ʱ乻ãܻһЩֵóƵĵطֻɢޡ
÷һֵý£Īһ⣬ķţ÷÷÷۵ĵ̣Ҳ÷һֵˡ
ĪӿһЩ֮мصĸ߼գһֽļգҲЩǰѪᡣ
йؼյȸԽԽƣҲЩһһĻۣߵǿ
Ǹ̽ɽµĵдֵýĵطĪѾˣͲôˡ
Ī׼պⷽúоһ£ܹĳͼĶǾԻʣҲʵһ̨ס
ǰЩ֮еǿ󷨣Īﲻɵһ˼ͷ


İʮ Բ
Īеڹ˼֮ɽϵЩ̲סˣһν֮ǰĪӴС
ʦڻɽѾһʱˣ񾳽յĸסϣӶѾˣԣҪӡ֤һѧ˳ȥһʵģľԪıģʦУ
һ˵ţһ˲Զʹ˸ɫƺʾԷԼһߡ
Զڣȴֻҡҡͷȫûǰ˼˵ɽãܹȵʲô⻹ܵõָ㣬ͷҲ٣ȫصġ
ڿı֣֪Լûа취˵λյĺѣԷԼ˵Ӧŵӵݣɽϣȫľʡ
ҲǿԸһȥԼһ˳֮һѵѡ
ĪӿڣĿ˵ȻȥǾͼȥɣǵòҪҲҪһζ죬̫Լзִͺã
ڵԸĪ֪һ϶ԷĵͲһطúõĴˣҲҪɽϴš
һ˵Ҫе߶һһŵ֪ϻ÷ţ߶ˣҲԽӴϢܹʱĴš
֮ǰ߶ûռʲôϢĪӴԺⷽ㹤һζټѧõϾкܶ಻̫ϢټѧҲᴫݸˡ
ĪӲָܹռҴضϢϣǰ飬÷гһû˰ټѧãʧȥ˻ȡϢ
֪ʦиӵ񣬵ҲǵģʲôҪϢһᾡ촫ţĪӵĻ֮Ц˵һ䣬Ȼȥǵٴ뿪ɽ̤Ի˵ʵĴϹ˵;
뿪ɽûжãʹ˵һϢصڲԶĲݡ
ʳڲ˰õıҪ֮ĻʳĿǰݸĻʳڸԭͱϣʮҡ
˵Ҳ֣ʳڴ˻ϣÿһЩ֮֮еˮôֱ࣬ɱ֮ȡ֮ߡ
ĪӿڴϢ΢΢ͷϢȻýȷЩֵ
Ϊ˻ʣһʱΪǰʩķһıչûʲô̫⣬Ҳʩıȴʵʵڷģܵȴע⵽ʱ򣬾ͷЩѾȻͬˡ
뵽ĪӾ˻ͣλ֮ˣ۲ŴԵ˻ʣִڼ䷢£ƺһжôģȵòһжƽϢˣȴȴ뵽ĪӾ̲סЩꡣ
еʱĺ˻㾡ͷˮһգ˴ɵɵȴɵɵ
ֱڣĪӻΪյĽǻɢһתΪʳϢ¹شĪӲ֪ʵ˻ͣѡǣ˲лǰȥת
ʱƻʵĽŲǰţתۼһ꣬»ʵǻĵڶĩ
÷УĪڴϣʶͼУޱˮ֮еǿòƬ֮УҡҷԼˡ
ǻŵޱˮˮ̺˿˿ԴԴϵ˳Ÿϵ֮УĪӳɳͷǳϵ˸ţ·ڶĪգ۾
ĪӰڶԼ֦ɣʱʱĴһĳһǳ仯ǳ֮ʹˢԼ壬Լĳɳһ
ĻУĪӲ̫ںʱΪƬ֮УҲ顣
ͷǿգǽµޱˮ򣬶˵ҲأǷǳϤĶΨһĪܹоʱ仯ģ¾ԼˣͬΨһ񲻱ģǷݳɳ
ĪӿĸоԼɳٶȱԽԽˣȻûбסֳɳٶȣȫûǰô롣
ûиеΪһȱģƬޱˮ֮ϣ¼ֶҲܴڣΪƬشûĹ¼ţ
ĪֻİڶԼ֦ɣļȡ֣ԼŬĳɳٶȺֻҪûͣ£ֻҪûд壬㹻ģĳɳ
˳ɳ֮⣬ҲҵµȤǾǰڶԼ֦ɣΧһǹ⣬ܵľ£һǹ⣬ܹ£·ޱˮһһǳƯ
ڶ֦ɵĹУĪӵʶ˹ͼУڴϵĪӣҲ˫ۡ
ӦԼĪӿ³֣꣡
ĪӵٶȣԤ֮΢һ㣬ٶȣҵʱ䣬ĪӾܽڵԲ
ӴվĪ뿪˷У档
ֵһĩϾҪ쵽ˣո¹һѩİѩɽָǣһȥǧɽһףǳ
ĪѾľܶˣÿһοɻú
ûãǵ˾÷ۣĪӵĴ£ʼһΣνִ֮еĵɽصºӹĸĸУæĸֶ
֮ǰĪĪ඼ͨټѧõţҸţСһ̵ʺżܹĪɽڽأ΢ȥ꿪һ㡣
徳ڣҿʼĵ׼أΪʳĽߣٵļ֮ͥж¶գƺҪӵ֡
ʳ񶼣ʹ֮Уԭ;ȥ˿Ѿˣĳȴûз仯ϻЩ
΢ͬǣڷǽϣǷԨĻ⣬Աֶ
һȻĻ񣬻еһǳӢӣϾ԰ϡ
һ͵Ļ񣬷ԱߵԨͬϾͱԱҪ㣬ǷɫоԱߵˣ˵ѹҪһЩ΢΢üԴЩص˫ۣ˸еѹ
µĻȻǳڵ˻֣֮ΪһͬĻӣ黭֮ϵ裬ͬҲ򵥡
·Ը飬н𣿡֮ǰʵѾ˻ʣǰһ㣬ͬʱҲӵľˡ
˻ʱ£Ը£δͷȷȻʾѾת³ӤʵЩ࣬£»Ҫٵʱ䣡
ɣٸʱ䣬ʵڲ鲻ǣ˰ɣԣĿ΢΢һ£ջĿ˵


İʮ ƺ
ɹһȽֵغ÷۵ˣٴλصɽعյ
ͺĪһأΪĪࡢĪԼСһţĪɽ򸾸еǿģԴͷβն
ĪҲἰٹһЩʱ䣬˳Ӱһˣźһĸ϶Դ˷ǳڴ
飬ĪȴԲµһЩ˳ԭ˻ʩֶΣóС£Ӷı֣ʳңǵѧ˵֮УкĪǰδСʡ˼Ƶѧ˵ķıϡ
ĪӼǵãոӸʱǴԼᣬһζȣһλʳҵѧ⿵ģɼʳں֮ǰͺϵȽϽܣλȻпʳҵѧӡ
ΪʳռҪλʯңԻ˳Ϊ٣ѡܾܿʯ˳
ֵչʱڣڵĻʳΪ٣ĪӾҲһѡʳҵѧ˵һʩչѧӰĺûᡣ
ʱһתۣ͵ĵ£Īӽӵص룬ʦ׼ҪˣĪǰȥ
ôô죿յϢʱĪĵһͷǸоֵʱЩ졣
һȥڰæ󷨵ʱĪӼصʦʱĪӾͷ֣ʵȷﵽ˶ֵĳ̶ȣǻ򻹲һ㣬ܹǱ޴ĥһʱ䣬иʮĹ򣬻ӵаգʱ޵˵һ㣬û뵽Ź˶ãȻҪ׼ˡ
ĪЩ̫üԷȻҪ֣ǾӦԼİգԼЦ
ߣΪһˣںصĽ飬ᵽĻĪӶѾᵽˣڶԷǾڶԷԼˡ
ǰȥһҪȥģĹ񣬶ڵĪ˵ûκãĪӲԼһȥǺһȥۿ˶֣˵ǱȽаġ
˵ҲǿԹۿûǵȵΪͻ񾳽֮ʱŻа
ԣĪӴңԼǺȥݿҲӺʶĵѽһ£պƵ룬ĪӾ׼ǴԼǰΪҲʲôʧ֮
һ·ǰݣɽú͵ڣǰĵͨһȻûãؾ˳Īӭ˽ȥ
ĪıȽ磬λѻ·ϣʦڻڱչ׼޷ӴѣĪ֣ڽ֮شһǰߣһ߶Ī˵
кοɹ֮ϾҪ֣Ӧȫ׼Īԣ΢ЦŻشո˵꣬ĪӱͻȻһתٴοڵ
Ҽǵϴ֮ǰԵ΢һ죬ϣѼǱĴĥһʱ䣬û뵽ûãѾѾ˳ģ׼ˣǰڽӵѴѶʱһЩأ
ĪӵĻŲ΢΢һ٣Ȼּǰߣͬʱ΢Щͳ˵ѵԣҸ֪ʦ֮ʦҲǳӣԵϴ뿪֮󣬵ȷǱĥɴϵʱԽãʦȴЩҡˣǴĥʮ꣬µǸʱʦûԴ֣Իֵʱ򣬾֮Σգ
صĽͣĪҲôֵԭ
֣ߵѹ޴󣬾͹֮ǰַ·ͷѹѾһֿˡ
ߴǼͣͨ͸ܹסѹرǶĪʮ˵ѹӲϡ
ǶЩʵ̫ţԲһģѹϵʱԽãӰͻԽˡ
ҲûзֵֶܹסǱĴĥҲᵣԼķ֣᲻Լ֮ʱͻȻѹƲס٣Ըɴ̬ûжҡʱһѣ
ͨһ㣬ĪҲɵа̾һصû˵ʲô
ؽĪ˰ס£ȻȥæµˣڱչУıͣҪ氲á
ҹʱĪӶһվɽһɽϣĿ⿴һ£ҫ·һƬƺǰ
ɽƺǷǳķ羰ݱصīͣдˣǶѡҹʱɽ֮µƺڣдһЩʫƪ
ټѧһλó黭֮ǰһƺͼݾɽƺȻó黭֮İټѧƳ硣
Ȱյƺ¹µƺһּžһأһʣĪӿˣҲýҹС
Īӿǰƺ֮ʱһͬưĶݹĪӵԡ
ݹأгֵӰĪתͷһۣȴִʱأװЩͬһϮƽװͷҲƷκεķ죬һ˺С
ڽ֮ҲûкĪӴкĿ⿴ĪһۣȻǰƺ춼û˵
ĪҲͬûпڣôĿǰľɫֻԶһλˣٿǰľɫȴ͸ղ΢һЩͬ
˲վɽۣǰµƺ˴ԼһʱңĪӲߵƵĿڡ
ݵƺȴܾöûҹˣĺ
˵仰ʱĪܹоѾתƵԼϣĿƵĿԼ
ڼſڣص뿴ȻܹЩ￴ˣȻ;ЩϡƽĪתͷǰأ˵
Ī˫۽ӴصĿ⣬֪ôģöԷһ˫У·̺һ
˫Ŀԣ˿ٴԣƬ֮ͻȻ䶼Ц¾׵ƺĳ£һĻ
صѿʲôҪ˵Īٴ˵
ԣͻȻϼȻһתȴҡҡͷ
Уڲ˵ˣȵʦ֮лĻʱ˵ɣ
仰һ˵꣬ĪӸҪ˵ȴϴЦݣŲ˼ٴλһƹ⣬ֱӷˣûи˵Ļᡣ
Ī죬Ŀ⿴ԶȥأѾʲôһ˿תֱЩӡ
عͷĪٿǰƺ֮ǰɿ羰鲻ͬˣȻķ羰Ͳһˡ
Īɰվԭأһֱ̫شһĹâƺûƺ֮С
ʱĺգٵ֮ʱĽϼûƺľףͬ˸е
ֱʱĪ̾һŲǰ̤λһ⣬ڡ
Щ飬ȻһʱԾϣǱ˳Ȼɣ


İʮ Ե
Īӻصڣһʱ䣬ûмصӰһλ񾳽ڵżѯ衣
ʱŵȵ֮أ׼ʼɴ֣Īӵǰˣ㶼˾ڲ̫Զɽһɽϡ
ĪӶطǱȽϤΪ֮ǰﲼ󷨡
ǺĪӺһͬǰĴʿ˸кҽ˽ܸˡ
ʿͬΪʿǣһɵĶеЩȣͬʱмЩİĴʿҶĪ÷ۣҲɵø߿һۡ
÷ۿҲûйȥ̫ʱ䣬ĪӾͶɹ֣Ҫ˶ãܳɾԪɣȻ뿪˼䣬ǰ֮ϡ
Ī˵һ£÷˵ȴһˣ֮ߵʵЩ̫ˣ÷ۿ֮ơ
˿ǣжʱˣһµĴĸ֣Ī뿪֮÷۵Ĵ죬֤갲ȣڼ䣬˵ܹһλĵӣ÷۵ĴУܹ
ĪûЩĸ֣ôģĪڵĿ⣬صϡ
ǰһҹĪжЩȻûоԽ֮ǰǸѬգö
Խ֮ǰǸ磬ûи龭ˣڸ˵ĸıߡ
ҲӦĪӵĿ⣬΢΢ĻعͷĪһۣȻֺܿջĿ⡣
עȫʦϣ죬ʦҪɴˣ֮ǰĪڣüλֶɴ֣гɹģֻĪһǿģҲĪĪ
ԼʦֳܷɹʵҲ̫ãһƭԼǱͬţԱ˴˵ı±Ƚ˽⣬ֶΣ֪һ
ϣҲȰ̫࣬¹ص;ͬţҲʦҲԼѡ
߽󷨵ķΧĪҲĿŲϣǷ񿴺ãֻҪԷƴһǾʹһ˿ɹĿܣ漣δزᷢ
߽󷨵ķΧ֮Ϣܿͳ׵ķſΧλĸ֣ĿȫͶڴ֮ɫ
˵ĿУͷսı䰵һѹ٣ǰˣҲеЩѹ֡
ûãһֱ㽵ˣһҰɫķ磬һ˥ܵϢ䵽ϣΧĲľӴⲿֵ˲ʧȥɫʣήҽҲǰˣҪԵ֣һ׼ȷжϡ
Īа̾һǿȵ֣漣٣ܹɹĿ΢΢
һ֣ӦԵĻǱȽɵģڵֿ֮ȫûκεˡ
УȴѾܵ˳صѹһֵ֮еĸǿǴҪԵģҲǳԤƵΣա
һüᶨʱ򣬻ͷȻ·ֻмǰˣɹˣǾԪɣȥ޷
һ˵֣ӦԵĶȽϴݣֱ֮ѹʼǰһЩơ
Īע⵽һԵأ˿̿Ŀת֮ǵ֮ɫ
˵ߵֵʱضĪӲõ󷨣Լ׼ֶΣһֱŵ˵ھŵ֡
ʱ򣬲һԵأĪҲԾˣ˵ϴĿԼûУ˭Ҳұ֤᲻֮һļʣٴζ֡
գ֮һļʲûн٣һ֣ƾİ£һС˵Ĵ۶ɹˡ
ֹ֮˰ʱңֽ٣ĪԭΪᵹһأȴԼֵ׼£һ󷨵֮յĶɹһأ˶֡
һΣûôˣ漣ҲûϷʩչеֶΣԵߵֵʱ֮¡
ǵ֮УӰĪ¶Ԥϣ˿ҲһĨϧ
֮УŮ޸࣬һλʵΪ׵ŮޣȻûжɹ֮ѣ֮¡
ڳΪĵˣҪڵĵˡ
תǰı͹һ΢Щͳ˵лλǰʦʧܣԽ֮ҽλǲæ¼֤һ¡
ĪڵļλĸԣȫͷӦ£ĪѾһˣȻ֪еĵ
֮سΪµǰĴ֣ʱҲ뿪ˣֻʣĪӻûߡ
ƬƺɽۣĪӺ˲վǰƬƺ˴̸š
ʦλãԺʱҪţӽ󣬿ټĪѵĻĲˣ˵
Īûӻתͷһۣ˿̽ӽĺƻ֮ʱ͸ǰƺ䵽صϣӳ毺õӣʣһ˵С
ĪӵעӣûһͷĪӣĿڵĪѵٶȣҪ˶ãѻ۾ӦԲˣ֮Ԫɾ磬Ҫȥ֮ϣ֪ûлȥ
еģ仰ĪС
ԸɣԣڻͷĪһۣҲ¶˵ЦݣͬʱһԼ޽ǵķ˿
ҺʦʦʱʱǾϲվǰƬƺȵΪˣǰƬƺ̫ΣҲ֪ƺ֮УῴľǾҪȥϵʲô
ʱʦǣֻԪɾϣȥлӴǳһʱ䣬ҺʦΪĿ꣬Ŭ
ֱһΣҺʦµǣϵʱ򣬲ŷֻһªʯͷûôƯ
Ī˵飬ЩεС£ǵöǳԼͬżꡣ
Īѣ֪˵ʲô𣿡֮ͻȻĪʵ
ʳ仰Īһ˲侹Ȼ֪ôشãڳ˼֮Ī΢΢˵ͷ
ĪͷĶչһЦЦǰδеģǰȻʧɫ
ȻĪѶص˼ҾͲ˵ˣسΪڵ˼ֻѹôһ죬֮Ϻ͵ʱ򡣡
˵һֹסԣͬʱŲȥһҹһλһƹ⣬û·ƺ֮С
ʱӦþԵˣĪӿǰƺһ䣬λһ⣬ƺһ߷ȥ


İʮһ յͯ
صɽĪ¹ƽǹص飬ȴһֱЩ
ƽĶۣĪӼŮ֮УòܲΪ޵ģȴĪΪ͵ġ
صϵʣ˵ĸоҲǳŮӣûĸ˻᲻ϲ
ֻĪ֮ǰһֱûԼгһգõһλŮ޵ĵ·ԭΪԼʲô£Ҳûⷽ濼ǹ
˵ĪҲһЩĶڶʱ֮ڣЩʡ
£ͨ˳ײ̫һ֮׷Ƴ־ԶҲʲôúʶߵĵ£һ£֮·ϣ֣˴˽ˣ֮಻̫
ҪڣҪٵ⻹٣ҪΪһĽӰˣҪȫгһգҲҪԴ֣öɹһأʸĪվһ
ĪڵҲԲˣҵʱ䣬˵ͻԪһΪԪɡ
ĪӼʼԼڽһÿصʱʱʱЩ
Īӻ֮󲻾ãӸǱߵйٴѡһͯΪŵѪҺѾйӸ֮յĵͯˡ
ӰյĵһѾҲȻ뿪صӰأȥĵط׷̤֮·
й۵յͯ˶ĿͶ÷ۣӰرصİգΪӸ֮һй仧֮ѾǵѪҺˣ÷Ϊֹһζûй
÷ҲǸոտɵʱˣЩӰصΪȻǺܶ࣬Ͼ÷۾ǼˣЩ飬ѾӰصİ˾޴ı仯ӰصòҲ˷츲صı仯
ΪӰصİգȻϣԼҵŮܹ뵽÷УһĪʵȺѾһλ׼ˣӰصİնĪҲ֪֪ףСطӵܡ
ذϣ÷յͯĺǳĸߣĺĪһĩɽʱ򣬼ﵽһ壬Ӱӵˣͷ
Ϊûʲôȵ˼ֻһ󣬼˵ҲǳĳϿңϣ÷ܹյͯҲ֪÷ͽı׼ܸߣҲԼŮԺһܹ÷ۣϣܹ÷ѧ㶫Ҳá
Īӻ֮󣬽˼һ£δزС
Щÿһԡǳ֮Ӱ³ĺӣǰĺӣܹǿһЩҿҲȽϻ顣
ҲĿһͯԣվǰĪӿŵڵţ뵽˵ԼɽʱҲԵͯġ
ϸ˼һ£ĸߣյ̫ͯ࣬಻ʮ֮⣬ԽЩһЩպ޷һıֶΣ⻹Ǻɵġ
뵽Īӽµļӣ˵Լ뷨ȻͷԸǴɽûкʵĺӡ
˵յͯı׼Ͱɣܱ̫࣬һŷϱ׼ûж٣ҪҵôģĪҲԸ¡
ޱǣһ˷֮ɫԼͬĸȤɽȥĪ°ͣ˵
֪ȥ֮ǰܲܿ÷еĴӣ
ǴɽĪӵķԸûʲô̫뷨޷ռͯˣ飬ҲȽŶ
ߵͻЩͬˣһЩֻǸо˼Ҳڴмĵͬӣ÷һģĿǰֻһ
֮£֮УΪ˷ܵһ÷۵ڵǳ⣬ͬʱԼţҲ˹С
ϣ÷պܹԽԽã涼ܲˣ˵ͷȴµȻŵĴˣһЩµĵӣǾڱ֤ŵĴУԽԽõıҪ
ɽĹУѾڴˣһܹյ֮Ӧôǣ̵ǣ
Щ⣬Ѿ˼Ϊ֪ʮа˾ţЩջҪԼĪʦ϶Ѵ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ŵЩͯϣԸ䣬ҲЩ飬Ⱥúɡ
ôһ룬ֻԼˣڶ£ǱȽϸȤġ
ɽ֮һֱ죬˲Żʱ˵߻ǣӣӦңСĲӡ
ǰ⼸ӣӰغٽسҵģʻĺӣһˣʦģǴŴɽ´ӣĪһ֮˵
ǰӣĪ˫֮һĨ⣬ȻϸĴˣɵͷ
ǰʵȷڲ֮䣬ӰغܱسҵӣĪԤһ㣬Ϊ׼ܹҵӣѾǲˡ
ãˣԺɽѧϰһʱ䣬ԺÿУĩ֮ʣǿԻؼȥĸƽʱҪúõѧϰϣȵԺǶܳΪ÷۵ʽӡڴһ֮Īӿڶǰ˵˵ܲöǸ˵Ļǵ˵ġ
ǰӣҲúĿĪӣǸĪ˵껰֮ЩĿڵ÷۵ԺǾǸ𣿡
ĪԣݸһЦ΢΢ĵͷԺʹɽʱʱ򣬻һЩƽ˽̵ǣ
ԣղſڷʵǸֱӾͰʧıдϡ
ǶӰغܱسǵĺӣĪӵ¼ʹ˵СǵĴ˽ԭΪĪӻֱӽ̵ǣȴЩʧ
÷ۣһڴ˹֮ˣ˷ܣҲ뿪ҵĲе»ĺ£ĪҲûкǶཻ˵֮󣬾ȥӰ˳ϤһɽĻ
Լ֮󣬶յͯĽ̵ʽʼˣ̵ǵĵط÷ۣǷŵɽĲҪ̵ģȻǶˡ
ݹһղϵ䵽ϣҲǶ˵Ͷ˵ɽĵͯĽ̵ǿʼ֡
ޣУ컯
Ī÷µϣҡΣܹɽУĶǲɵ΢΢һ˿ȡ


İʮ ·
ݣλںݲ󷽣ںݵٽݸһ֧Ϊ֧ݵľڣһ֮أΪӰ
˴澰ÿ˴ӺϷɹʱ·ĺˮ֮ӳĵӰȴһۺϵľ󣬶һʱ䣬´뿪˺棬һʱҲɢ
Ϊ澰ñӰһصɴҲ˲ٵĴ˵ǰˣڴ˲»ԵƣҲ˲ٵǰ̽ҲԪɾĸ￴Ҳû˵ʲô뿪ˣΪֹڴջʲô
Թԣˮͦ˼ȷκһѲֻһȻ澰ӰϿգƯںϴʮҴͷźˮԼݴۺϵĵӰвס档
ӰȻСڲٵĸֿ֮ûзʲô⣬Դ˴ʧȥȤӰҲС
Ҳ⸽˵йŹ֣һʱ֮£صлһ˿ϣ˵Լܹ⿪ˮӰܣٴλһ׮Ե
ôԼԼ࣬踣գпԵһԼջĵط
ϸо˰죬ڽʶ̽ˮ棬ϸϸѲˮµÿһ磬ʩչˮжܵˮȥ̽飬ҲȻûзʲôˮ̵һƵǲ֪ʲôʱˮеġ
ӦðΧĵΣҲûʲô󷨣ľ󣬲ӦֻһȻ澰ôأϸϸѲһվںߣЩƵĽӺдĲ齣ӵϣź˵
ЩĴ̽ľ飬÷ѧûвһ˿⣬һⶼûУǰĺϣͲӦóӰ۵ľ־ʹһ⡣
ѵ⻹ǳˮĵӰϣڼ˼š
վ˼ڱӰΧˣȴѾĿͶϾӰΧȽŨҲһЩΧۼղŵһСѾЩע⵽ˡ
һλԵĵѣ߲ԶһλȽϴ꺺ӣߵһҡҡͷ˵
λֶβղŶˮем֮˵˼ãһԵԣǱߵһۣڶԵ˻һ䣬Ȼͷ֮䣬һС÷ǳɰĺӡ
ɶԺΪú꾳磬ͿԼԦзˣʱΪͰҵķ㣬ҲܺλǰһСŻеĺӣų˵
ɶǸѧ֮ҵġϫս塷һԺɶɾԪɣšһԵ꺺ԣСĶ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱߵˡ
֮ʵ̫ʹ࣬Ƥܵˣɶҿ᲻ãɶʣȻҪ͵ȥˣĶԵ꺺˵
ҪЩţôף꺺̾Ϣһ˵ʱһ𣬽꺺˵ע˹ȥ
λڣӰϢ֪ɷһλѣ
˵ʱҲע⵽˾ԼԶλΪߣƺһԵ£Ů޵ĻлһӣԱк
֮Уܹɵµ˱Ͳܹ࣬õĵ£͸ˣߵãʳȺ֮
ε񣡡ǰк꺺ӺҲֹͣ˽̸ڻһǳȻȴܹо˰Ѿ䱸ˡ
˵Ľ䱸û˿⣬Ϊģİûǽ䱸֡
ǰ꺺Ӻ˵Ϊ񾳽磬Ȼǳé®Сһ֮ĲûС
ƾڵĽڱ˴˴ϻ֮󣬱ԼĿģܿͽľһЩ꺺ӵĿУ֪һЩӰϢ
ҶȰεһ䣬ӰлûԵǲҪ׷ˣ֪ǰһ̽ն޹ܹ뵽İ취Թˡһ̸꺺ӵĸоԸͦζģҲʲôˣձȰһ䡣
лѣȻѶ˵ˣҲͲ׷ѾˣԺΪˣлĻǰ꺺ӽ˲٣Ҳ˶ԷһȰҹôǰ˶ûпʲôãڲΪԼܹ⿪յס
Ȱ꺺Ӷڵӡֺõһ˿ֺڽ̸˼䣬׼뿪ʱڿһбŵĺӣһĨŹ֮ɫ
ӸղһʼеĺӣһֱտʼΪСӺ棬û̫⣬ɽͷβ⺢ӵĿһֱû뿪ԼЩ棬⺢ΪʲôôԼ
ȻЩ棬ڲû̽˼ǰ˶񾳽ĸ֣ȻɢޣʵӦòûбҪΪôһģǵö˲졣
лλѽ󣬽ܵλѣҲǲУʹ˱պطҪλѺúཻһڴһкȻ׼뿪ˡ
ԣҲЦŵͷ̸仰˫µӡ󶼲պܹҲһõĵѡ
͵׼뿪ʱһֱڻеĺӣʱȴͻȻˡ
Īӣ
۵ͯ³֣֣ԭ׼תȥڣŲһ¾ͶסˣĿٴ䵽еĺϣϸĴӡ
꺺Ӵ˿ҲЩԣͬеĺӣͬʱٴν䱸
ӣո˵ʲôܷ˵һ飿ڲ˵Ľ䱸üͷ΢΢һ壬Ųһ˫΢΢̧𣬱ʾԼûж⣬ͬʱеĺ˵
꺺ӽŲǰǰһעڣһעҲ䵽еĺϡ
Īӣ۵ͯٴһ˶ú꺺Ӻɫ˲΢΢һ䣬Ŀڣ֮дѯ֮ɫ
Ҳǰˣ˿˵ĪӣǼʦ䣡
ڸ𰸣꺺Ӻ˵ɫ̱ЩɲߣȻֻת鲻İԵһʱ뵽
ûĻԼҵӣǰӦҲǺǰڵʦʶģֻǾǵѣǾЩ̫˵ˡ
λѣ»ӳ飬ҵҸطúýʸףȻƽΣҲ뵽һ㣬ԺзٵĹһԼʦѺ͵֮һʱ֮Ҳ벻˭ת֮ȻˣǻҪ̽ģǱ˵


İʮ մͯ
һǵһ֮ں꺺ӷһĻУɽźӡ
ڵ̸֮ǰλµס֮УȽʺ̸µĵط
¶ԼģҲɵܰԼ뵽ľ棬ܵ˼ҵסȥ̸飬һʱʦǰĳתǵʱЩˡ
ѣ÷۵ĴˣʦĪӣǶɹ˴ֵ׼ˣƷԸ߽࣬ôгУһһܹ֤ģȻλҲԴһ£ӦܹʦصϢڿǰ꺺ӺǳϿҵ˵˵䣬ȴɨһ۱ڻеĺӡ
Էת֮ˣϸĸһ񾳽ߣȻСܹȷ⺢Ӿ֮ˣǱȽϳһЩֻµǰܲ࣬ڳ˶񾳽ߣһ㻹ܹȷϵġ
ԭˣĪӱҲжţղһʱ֮Щûн˶ϣʧˣڻ˵֮¶һ˿ЦݣȻ󿪿˵
£ǽǲʿ⺢ӵ׼ǵöǰ飬ʦǰĺѣǾ⼸꣬һȥʦ֮ʦ˼ҾԻȫꡣҲ΢Цſڣ֮䣬ֱӾͽ˺õķ档
꺺Ӻԣ˻һۣȻ΢΢ͷǵ£˴ΪҪڸߣ꺺Ӹһλޣսˣ֣񾳽֮У˲κζ֡
һ֣Ľǻķ򣬺ǰڷҲžԵܹռϷ硣
ңУһûĳޣҲֻת֮󻹼ݳԹ׼ǰȥġ
ˣɶΪ㶼ǵЩʲôͷűԼڻеĺӣĿѯ
ĸ׵ѯʣٿԵĸף˿ڽгĪ֮⣬һֱֵĺܰĺӣٴ۵ͯ˵
ֻǵһ棬һɽϣһ壬֪Īӣľʲôǵˣ
ɶĺӵĴ𰸣ڵˣͬʱһ
ܹһ壬кܴ˵ѷǵУǾͲúǰڶˣȻǷ򸾶бʤİգڵı󣬻һ׼˾ʦ
ĵѯһ£ճ֮⣬ûеõκϢҲܹǰƺûѡ
εѣҿɣɶǲĪǰǰĹѣɶҶ˵ãǰ֣Ѿֻ֮ɢ˽Σһѯʹ˵
Ե꺺ҲͷڵɶǰĳλˣֻҶãɣⱲӣҲֻ֣
˵Ļ˵˼ǲϼˣ׼ʹ˷ƪ
£Ҳͷ˵λԲֻ֮ǰɢȥֻɣ
˵仰꺺ӷϵЦҲ
һ̣ͻȻһתٴζǰ˿ڵ
ҹ⺢ʾѣѵһܺúõһպܳɾԪɣǰ;÷۾Ҫ񣬲֪λѿɷ⺢ӣ뵽÷۵£
ͻȻһתĻ棬ǰ¶˳֮ɫڻеɣ۵ϣȴ¶һ˿⶯ɫ
֮󣬲ǰĻ棬ͬʱͻȻһ˿Ŀһߡ
ָоǳĵǣܹѹ£ָоʵʵڵĴڣСһʱ֮Ժӡ
ֻԸ񣬿¶ĳ֮ɫ֪˶Լ飬û˿⶯֮һ˿֮ɫֻξܾԼܹȽίһЩ
ûϸ˿ھܾԼĻᣬѡ˼ڣȶס˵죬ԼȰѼ÷۵ĺôڳܷ˵ˡ
λѣ÷ȻֻһСţǼ÷ۣȴѰСźôҪö࣬һһ
ڿڣǳĶ˽ż÷۵ĺôԭ׼ܾˣеȷôһ˿Ķ
ô˵ͻȻ֣÷ʵҲΪ÷۵ĵӣôȷ١
˵֮ջѡ˾ܾ߱ͺãǺòһã츳ʾѣ˶ԼĺӱкܸߵУЩܱΪŵĴţԼõѡԾֻܾܾˡ
ڲûѡѾܶˣȥתᷳ
ȻҲô׷ˣγ֮ǰĪӾѾˣ濴ʲôƷԲģԽ
ǰӣʾѣпʦˣҪǽ÷ۣԺԻԼʦһϲ
취һҪ⺢Ӵ÷ۣа¶ġ
˷ֿ֮꺺Ӻźӣصǵס飬Ҳúúõһ£ԼҺĳλǰתǵúúõһۡ
ڵĽǿЩ߸Ҳܹ㣬ʶ˺ܶѣһʱЩѾܳΪİ֡
֮꺺ӷһλϺõĵѵĴ£ٴεŰݷãЩĿУһϣǶ˵ã÷۵顣
ڵڶεŰݷãһһλѴһֵĳʮ㣬һʱҲһڻؾһ̸֮˵Լʵ뷨
εר̵ţʮ㣬Ҷ˻ϣɶܹĴ֮Уԣλõʧˣ
ˣձŵɣλܹٺúÿһ£λð÷ۣʵһЩŲ̫ࡣԣ̾һҲֻ˵
ҶѾεʧˣ̬ȷǳ˵
ڿ̬ȣ֪ԼҲܹ˵Էˣֻ㬵뿪
ԭΪԼҪջصʱеľˣڸǵһҾ¥סƷصһʳ׼پ뿪ȴһˡ
˵Ҫһȥ÷ۣڿǰɣŹֵʵ
ţﲻҸһȥһңӦȥ÷ۣ͵ܳˣǿ߰ɣҪȻ﷢ˣʱ߲ˣֻССɣԼ۵ɤĶ˵
⸱۵ı飬˿ֻÿɰ
ϸĶ֮ڱתΪ˷ܡ
ȻˣҾʹȥ÷۰ɣңѧܶණģ
һ˵꣬ɣŸȥ
Щ̫ãǣԹԣô̼뿪ǳſڵһ̣ڻһ۸ǣ


İʮ ·
ڴ뿪ݵ֮󣬵²˿ĵ飬ų˷г򽭵ķȥ׼򽭣һ·˳ֱϣջصݡ
մ˼Һ飬ᱻ˼ŵģΪԼݣǶ꺺ӷ򸾶Ȼáմ֣ôʣϾԸһߵģҪǱ˼׷ˣͲô˵ˡ
ڴٶȿһ㣬ʱţǵĺѾ÷ۣôҪԼʦĪӵ˼ˡ
Ҫʦתʱ벻÷۵ǽԼʦԸӦҲЩô΢չһ£ڰֵĺء
ж٣֮У꺺Ӻ˿ȴѾǵĺӲˣҺܿͲڴǵĺӳˡ
ʱˣּŭ޲Ҫڴж˿飬ΪѾʶԼҺȥˡ
޳СˣСо꺺ӴʱѾЩŭɶϾжߣڷŭܹ֮࣬סǡ
֪ڵĵ֮﷢ŭҪ취һԼĶӣҪж
﷢ŭʲôãϽ˰æǶ÷ۣһɶȥˣʦֲ;𣬸ϿæʶĵѣһæǶʦѾɹֵ׼ˣܻݣƾǵͺѰɶˣһŭݣһ˵
ûҪص֮ǰ;ס׷ȥ˳;ϵһʦǣܰæĵѣϵһߵĵѣѣǼٶȾˣ˿ΪҪ꺺ӵͷֶ˵һ̷꣬ͷж
߷򸾶Ѿ׼ѣҪ;סڣھ򽭲ԶԦһӵĳܣٶȷɿ˳ϡ
İɣܷгһķٶȷǳĿ죬׷ʱ͵ˣʱҸȻɽιһ£ټʦҺúõĽﶥԹ㼸䣬Ҽ䣬ȥˣ
һ߼Ԧŷгһ߶ԼԱߵ˵ӣԸЩԼʦǣ̫֪֪֪࣬Ҳǰ֪ˡ
Ƚ͵ǣ⺢Ҳܴ󣬸ҸԼҳߣɺĽ
ڵĻԵתͷһۣ۵ͬʱ
ҵиѣ˵Ҳһ·ķٶȿܱҪ죬ٿ㣡
ԣЦŵͷãҾټӿٶȣȡصݣϴθʦִϢʱ˵ʦΪϾҪԲˣ⼸ȥչˣǻȥʱʦ˵ѾԪˣ
һ˵ּ꣬ӿһٶȣٵݶȥ
˰ʱ֮һͣһƬ̣ڳһЩż·
ûа취ԵֻһӣûʲôΪҪԷģϲûбٹȵͨ˳ԵĶҲŰ⺢ӣԾֻ;ͣһ£㶫˳Ϣһ¡
ٴ·ڵԣлһЩСԣʱʱС
ԣмʱ䣬ǾܵݣȵҴȥԲݵ磬ʳѧ⿵ʳóԣҿǿǣΪڿ˵
䣬ͻȻɫһ䣬гǰٶȻֹͣתһ磬Ųƿ
ʱһʮ׳ı̣㻮ڸղŵλãոߴȥ
ҷɶһŭͬʱУһʮ״Сˮ۳ɵľ޴ƣץ
ͻأû˿ĻţٵĽгͬʱҲǰ۳һˮ۳ľ޴ƣֻײһ
ײһץסԵɣλһ⣬ŵȥζһɲǣһɫ˿ƹ
ûѡܣֻǷųһеķɽ¹һĺâΧɫ˿ˣ
ո䵽ϣڻûüͲµĴؾȻɢԼŴ
оһٵĵסԵɣȻ͵رһ

һȣΧĿ˲Ҳµǿеƿ
ʱڷǰӰŽµĵУҲһӰɳһŮһȻһλޣϵϢɵĸ׷ǳƣΪӦôﵽ񾳽ڣҲһλޡ
ŮҲһ񾳽ĸ֣ղɫ˿ķ
ʣµһǸղŲˣΪҪͺܶˣֻ꾳ڵΪеֶΣӦСͨ
߲ˣɶɸϢ޶ڿڵûټ֡
ղͻĹʵڣҪٽɾڵķӦ֮еҪ죬ҲҪе޵һȻֵסˣý˵ϳһ⡣
ˣûٴηڱתͷһɣʵ
ʶ𣿡
Ǹҵʦ֣ҴöԵģɵ˵ͷȻһ
һĻڵ¾Щͷˣ˼Ҹ׵ʦ֣ǾЩôˡ
ԭԼЩһڱ˼;סҲºֽ˴ˣҪĻͲ̫ƽϢˡ
ǰҲһޣԱ߻һ֣ηηβԼ˵Կ
ð찡Ǽ߰ɣ˦Ǿͺãֻˡ
ͷһ˫֮䣬Χͳ˴ƬΧһƬĵط
˻Ȼ䷢֣ڱ£Ǹܲ˵Ϣųʶ̽飬Ҳסˡ
ת֮䣬˱ڵĴ㣬Ҳ˲ֱ࣬ӱڵķ򷢶˹
Ů޸ϸһЩʩչͼɢƬɢ֮ǰﻹںɵӰ
׷޸ߵڣϵıŭ
ٶȺܿ죬ƾǵٶȣº׷ϣѰæɣŮ޿ڵ
ţ;ʶĵѰæһ£ȵʦһǵķܹ׷õԣֻܵͷ˵
ʱһת۵֮÷УͻȻӵڴصϢֻһΣȴȡ
ʱĪԲںɽľбչأҲȥĪӡ
ӵϢ֮ǣһȻɽ򽭵ķȥ


İʮ ֤㲻
ϡˣʦȣȻֱӰȵϢţȷ˴鷳ɽϣɽ֮Ե˵
ϣɣʦܶñͨôˣӦֵܹʦȥĻ΢΢üͷ˵ҲеЩġ
Ը˰ɣͬЩĵ˵
ʶʱȽϳˣ˻һڵԸǷǳ˽ˡ
ڵĽһ鷳Լʵڽ˵ģԺѣһֱӰȵϢŵģв²⣬鷳ܴԼʵ޷ˡ
ûмʶʵԶǳ֣ٻһ㲻ģûĪʦ֣ܸġ
뵽̧ͷһۺɽķĪչأΧƽȶֿٵźɽҵķ£ʵڲȥš
ߵڣʵڵȷЩΣգȴЩ롣
ĳݸ֮Уڿǰ黹ѣ˿һΡ
ĴôԹۣұһȺ׷Ŵ򣿡
վǰļλ仰һ֮ȫҡҡͷһ˿ڵ
εѣεȣʵڲðѽЩ׷֮УвٺҵҲǺѣҪô
˵ˣ׷֮У񾳽ĸ־ʮλټϼʮ꾳ʿô죡
仰һʱ֮ҲеЩۣȫû뵽ɵĵôݣһ֮ټѵһæȻһȺʿԼ
ɵǸʦ֮ںһ·ϣ˺üεεǣЩ֮УôЩʶЩ顣
ԼʶģϰæҼҺӵˣڸº֣Ϊߵ͵ģԶΪʵھݵģŻ΢ֽˣȻѸٵ
˺ܴ鷳ϻһɣԭԼСһ㣬ܿЩˣҲܵݣû뵽ɵĸĸæ֮Уи˵ķٶȾȻô죬Ѿ׷ˣһ;׷ˡ
ЩҪһޣսҲĽˣɻһȺˣô˵ˣͳԼ
֮£ҲԼѰæԼѰæĽ͸еˡ
ԼȣԼѣ̫ԸϰԼƫƫڻֲϴҡ
ò˦׷ԼѣȻֻңԼʦŷ
ڸͣʱ䲻ǺЩ׷ӦʶղԼˣֶΣҪ˶ãǾ͸ҵԼˣ֪Լܴˡ
ԵɣޱԹ񣬿ǰļ̾Ϣ
һжҾȡȻǲԸæҲͲˣͺˣ
Թ񣬼Ҳ¶һĨε֮ɫһԼıǣ˵Ҳȫ㣡
仰һϲΪ·תæ˵ҪôңҪһ£׼Ҵڻ
ˣǻ㱣סСǴģղ˵˷֣ǳĶ˵
ллˣڰһۣȻסɣŸȥ
ȵ뿪֮⼸ҡͷЦȻһ˿ڵ߰ɣҲȥεѳѵˣʲôΣգ
Եڴ߳ǣǣŵͻȻ۵ͯ˵
ͲˣԺܹԵԼ͵ȥɣһۣһζ
׼ٴοڣʱȴڿٱֱӻһݹ
ڷ֮󲻾ãⲻԶĵ£ȻɳһɫĹâڹâ֮¶˴ƬӰ
ЩӰ֮Уվǰеģɵĵһλ񾳽ĸ֣ǰһ״ŹֵķͺöԲһͬʱԲϵתš
ѣ鷳㿴ǶĸȥˣɵĸתһȺ֮УһΪֻ꾳˵
վһ˫Ŀڹ⣬ڳſɨһۣȻϾ¶Цݡ
˴ɣǸȥˣҸ߲ãӦúܿ׷ϣ
лѣѣü鷳һ£ԣҲͬ¶ϲɫתͷߵ˵
Ļһ䣬һɫĹâסڳˣ֮У˲Ϣʧˡ
ڵˣڶϣܹץڣΪһʵ̫ˣϵıﲻ٣һӣǻֵģһȺ˵Ķ½£ûнץס
Ⱥ˺ѣԽԽ࣬߱СͨҲܣۿҪץˡ
еڣ˿ҲһִͷԤУڤڤ֮УоԼܵ˼Ŀ֮̽ǰһרŸֿ̽ǼǿѾˡ
Ҳû취ֿܹ̽ǶҪͣʩΪƫƫȱľʱ䡣
ʱţִͷĲԽԽǿңֱһУ֪Լºˡ
Ͽͣ£
֮ĺľͣΣŻе˵²ˣ׷ˣºˣο˲סˣҪץȥƨˣ
˵ŻϵϢҲѾĸоԼΧʮ񾳽ϢԼʿ
Ҳ֪˭ѾʩչСͨΧһƬռ䶼һεƣټˡ
ɶȻҵȷֻأɵĸףҲ꺺ӳڵǰ˵
˵֮䣬ѾһȦѪͬʱһͬϫˮϴɢ
꺺ӵĳ֣һͬ׷ˣҲȫڵǰΧΧ
ڿһȦˣȻ󻺻ĿڵԹԣһôˣΪô¶лмλʶҲһͬ׷ˣЩܳ
ϻ˵ɶҲڵ˵֮ʱһֱڻеϡ
ʵЩģµʱڻúв
֮ǰ͸˵ˣɶԸһߵģûһôˣʱ˲㣬ȵ㸸ĸһ£֮ٴȥ÷ۣڵ˵ţĽеɷſ͵ǰ
ٶΧ˶Щ⣬мˣи⣬ȻǵˣʲôֶΣ̽顣


İʮ 
һֱ»صĻУ¼һ飬ϸϸ̽ڵʵûзκβ֮ڳˣڵĿ⣬΢ôһ˿
еߣûߣ㽫ɶķϣԼȥֻذɣڣҪ˵ɣ˵
ʱϻŵЦݣĻͿڳˣĿ˵ôĵΧ׷½أӵȷǳԶˣܣЩѣԼЩ붯ֽˣΪ÷۵ĵӣҪԼȥֻˣ̫ʦˣ
˵仰ʱϵϢϵİθߣͬʱҲһ͸ȣķ⣬һεķɽΧΧϵķ衣
ڵ⸱ӣӦϴϢڳʮλ񾳽ĸ֣һʱ֮ҲûиҴ⡣
Էϵ⼸ÿһǷƷѰɢޣܹӵһѾˣһȴóڳ˶֪⻹ȫļҵס
÷۵ڣλǰͽ̣Լȣڽǰһָڳ˵
ԣĿⲻɵĻһ£ڳˣæģŶԹģʵֻ꺺ˣټϺǹϵܵԸʱְæʵô붯֡
÷۵֣ڳһЩģ㲻֪ģһңǲ׵ƣԼһ·׷УֳֶΣҲ֪ԷʦŲæĲȫûбҪǵһˡ
ʱҲҪǳֻ֣Ҫסڣ뿪͹ˣʣµ飬Ȼλ޸֣ǹϵе
ɹƭĶ򣡡ڴѡʱ꺺ӵʦֽŲǰ̤ȭǰ
ȭͷӳһɲǣΧˮȭͷϣʮ״Сˮɵľ޴ȭͷȥȭͷĹУһιơ
һĻΧŵķɽ˲ӭȥͬ¹һĽУƿˮ۵ȭͷնޱ֡
Ľ֮󣬾ڶԷȭͷһɼǵ˺ۣ󵹷˻
ʦ֣꺺ӾһͬʦֵܣͬĹΪ޵ǣǿͣû뵽һ֮ǰǰѷɽֱƿʦֵ
꺺ӽŲҲǰǰߵĹУ˫ƺʮȻ͵ſһ˫ĶһɱҵѪȻΧУһӴѹķ
ʱҲеɽһԵУ˵չһ£
һ䣬ǰͬһķɽȴûֱӲٿ߷ɽȥڣ˫ѡʹ
֮Ⱥ⻹񾳽ĸԭҲҪ֣ʱȴֹס˽ŲΪΪ񾳽ֵĹ£ڻܹ֧ŵסϾڵΪֻ񾳽ڶѣ
Ϻܶ鶼ǳϵģоʮþȵ飬δעġ
˳֣ΧǰѲ·ɽΧ·ɣͬһһ㣬Σա
ҲΪѷɽķóսޣһʱ֮ڵڽվ޷ȫӡ
û취ӽսƣ޼˺֮£һʱ֮侹Ȼ޷ѹסڣڵķ֮У˻СӦԣʩչĿľ⣬˼Χʿо˾޴в
ۼ˶ʱ֮ڣƺòڣһȺʿ֮Уһλ񾳽ĸֳˣλһعڵŮޣǸɫ˿У֮䣬ھȥ
Ȼĺ񣬸ֵס·ɽ֮ʱһˣǣһ²·ɽʱҵ˽Ļᡣ
Ų·ɽ΢ǣһµĿ϶꺺ӻʦˣѪƣ꺺ǰĳһƣһˮɫĹâ񱩵ڷȥ
ʦ֣˶һˮɫĹ⣬ٶȻһ㣬ȥ
ǱߵҲһɫȥ
һεĹΧ˶ΪںѶ㿪ˣһ䵽ڵϵʱվڣȻ֮ȴһȴѾ˰׿⣬ŷٴʩչһɫĿľ⡣
ǾʱȺ֮Уһλ񾳽ĸֳˣеһӡֱڡ
λ񾳽ĸֳˣʣµЩˣ˿ҲЩԸһ񾳽ڵˣȻôѾһЩҲʶ֮ǰǺڴ˸棬ˡ
ۼⷽӡ£ٴʩչСͨ뿪ԭأΧƵ£ٴʩչСͨλŲƵľˡ
θոŲƿӭģ꺺ʦһȭһڱ޿ɱܡ
أ
һƵײڵһɳȥʮףķµķûȫ赲һһˡ
ۼһڵ֣꺺ӵʦӹһâŲ͵ǰ̤ˣǰӳ͵һȭ
ʱΧս֮УмüͷСĻഫˣֻҪֳԳԿͷûֵɿĳ̶ȣֹɣҪȻľסˣ
ڰеڵڻཻţ׼ֹⳡսȻ󻯽һⳡԹʱڣеĻȴѾˡ
ھͲʲôӣԭΪһ·һֱ֣ڸղŽս֮ʱҲûֱɱ֣꺺ӵλʦ֣Ľڼһ˿ɱġ
񾳽ĸֶڹлѲޣΧôˣ˰ΧĻڲɱ·硣
Ϊ꺺ӵλʦֵ֣ˣڹҲøˣղ΢һ˵ڣڿ
ڵ̲סҪֵʱͻȻ֮䣬˽ִϿգвܲѹѹһƬƣͷ·Ǵֶʱһ㣬ͬʱһɿֲѹҲ֮ʽ٣·Ҹоͷ·ѹǧصһִͷ֮С
ڽֵڵ֮⣬һ̣߶̧ͷգӦȽϿˣ̼ԼķʩչֶΡ
ʣ·ӦһЩˣΧ˵˾ٶҲԥĸˡ
䣡
һ춯صĺ¡ϳֵУһѩ׵罵ţһ߿裬һһ·ˣһ̣ڽֵڵˣҲͣ
䵽·Щߵϣ÷赲ʩչˣǵķ񱩵˺һ᧿Σ
ʦ֣飡µʱڵҲͬʱ


İʮ 𺳳
ʦ֣飡
ڿܲŵΧǹϤϢ̾ͲµԼʦˣæһ
ӰؾСӸݾڣС֮УǾûʲôˣܶ˶֪лһ֡
ΪͬʦֵܵڣԼλʦֵȴǴ˽ģ֪ǵжǿԼʦ֮Уʦ֮⣬һȡ
ôһΧ˵ĶУҲˣгֵ˾˭
ǵµ׵磬˵г˾Է˻ûг֣ƾôһִģ׷Ѿڳ߻ˡ
ͷѹ׷Ĺģһ˵ţڵλʦ֣жôǿ
λѣʦŵˣҵһ֣ͬƵ׷˵΢Щ֮У꺺ӵλʦִһȻϵϢȻθߣ̯˫ۣ˫־ٹͷһѪ糱ϫһ㣬˫ۣ֮Χǿһ
һ̣һ£꺺ʦ˫ۼĳϫдֱӽлɢҽ˻˳ȥ䵽ϣϻ˸һ绡
ԭΧڵˣʱҲûаȵվԭأһҲһУǷƣֱӾˡ
˲Ϣ֮Ĺ򣬲Χߣ꺺ӷ򸾵ˣжǾӴͷеĺƣг˽䱸֮ɫ
䣡
һ¡ٴ𣬽ţ鼸ʮͬһʱ£Ϊ֮⣬һƬţûκε
˵УҲһƬ۵׹⣬һߣʱоԼƺȻֹͣˣû䵽κһߵϣΧĵϣըһӡ

һĻȺ֮У˺ʶһ£ȻĺһղһƬ֮ʱΪԼҪˣãЩû䵽ϡ
һʱһɫĹâֱĴн䣬䵽ڵߣ¶һĶ꣬ϴһӴѹ˵ǰ
֣
˳֣ڳˣȫףǰˣһĸ֡
ʦ֣ڿ䵽Լߵǣ¶һõЦݣȴ뵽Լʦֵʽʵ̫ˣ´ԼҲѧһѧ
ղµھЩźˣԼɲ׷ûʦСͨĳʽԼѧ
û°ɣڶڵͷȻϸĴһϢ΢ЩȣһЩСˣɵüͷ΢΢һ£תͷһЩߣĿԱЩơ
û£һʱ飬һС˶ѣûʲô󰭣ҡҡͷ˵
ԣҲû̫⣬һСˣȻԼ˵ûʲô󰭣ǾͲںˡ
ЩˣҪȫɱ𣿡ǿǰЩߣʵ
𣬱𣬱ʦ֣ʵеᣬҰ˵ˣʵûʲô¶ˣ֮ǰֻһûʦˣͺðˣǵĻæҡҡͷ˵
ҪµȺѣǲδŹǣҵ㷢䣡վڲԶ꺺ӣʱϢҲЩңڵĻ֮󣬻̿˵
ע⵽꺺˵仰ʱʵǵģг˼ɵ
һ֣˵λʦĻûԽܣֻû뵽ȴֻڵһʦ֣˵ֶκơ
ڿ꺺һۣȻ˵ѣϣҵȷЩҲ³򣬿ɿɲҹߵģԼҪһ÷۵ģ
˵ĿͶԶɣ֣ʾ
վ룬ȻΧĿע£˹ȥߡ
ڵڳ˵棬ڶʵˣڴڿƽ͵˵ˣڵ㸸ĸ棬ٴһ䣬Ըȥ÷۵𣿡
ʳ仰꺺ӷ򸾵ˣ˿Ҳɣɺԥĵͷһŭڶ
ΪɣĺѣộǷô飬ʱ̬ǸԴ
⼸ʱ䣬ǶµڵļΣҲǺԸԼȥ÷۵ģⶼĺˣΪ꺺ӷ˵ǵãҪЩţһ÷ۡ
ɵͷ֮¶ЦݣȻתͷ¿꺺ӵˡ
ΪҪʼڿһʱȴǹһȻ󿪿ڵ
ѣĸλѣ˴֮£ȷЩԣ²ףᣬҲ˶ĵķ
ã÷ۣԼԸ⣬ҲȷҪѷ򸾵ͬ⣬ΪҵĲ֮٣⼸飬ڴ˸ˣѷ
仰˵꣬ڳɫ˲٣Ȼĸһʱ˵һ˵飬ϾҪתˣЩˣҲΣˡ
뵽߿һԲǣмǾηû뵽÷۳һĪ֮⣬һĸ֡
ͱȽϼˣһǸ֮Ⱥ֮Уԭ׼һѵһЩѣʱҲվһغС
ǵĴɣֻǰԭļƻڵõѵ֮˳һѣҲһﳤԣΪǵĳ֣ڳǿƵһ΢Щˣԭûüǻ֪ڻ᲻ᣬӶӰ쵽ǵĽ顣
Щ˵İ£ڸڳÿˣһ˵ĵҩô󣬵̬ȵС
֮ڳ˵ļ֤£֣صɵĸĸһЩ˵ҩΪ
ֳɹɵĸĸӦźȥһ÷ۣ˵֮ôǵüĪӺĪӵ˼˵
һٶڻǰεƽˣֻ꺺ӷ򸾣꺺ӵʦ֣ԼһֵͬˣиеǳӦ
ûа취ڲƵһȻһǸ̬϶ˣк˼ʤߵ̬Ǿ㲻ܣʱҲòܡ
֮ǰڣһ·ѾԸߵģȴĺˣ˼ȭͷӲ㽲ͱ˽


İʮ Ԫ
ɽϣ˱÷һ⣬űĿȴʼտźɽķ
Χ£ٶԽԽˣʦӦõ˹ؼʱ˰ɣӦΧľ£СԵ˵
ͷӦʦչضգȷӦõ˹ؼʱˣµȵʦֺʦֻʦѾɾԪ񣬳ΪԪˣ
뿪֮⼸죬ɽУĪٶȱԽԽ죬оĪǿϢͨⲻϼٵգҲܹµĪӴʱ״̬һЩڴϣĪ߳ɽʱܼģһλԪɡ
˿̺ɽչؾеĪӣȷһѾ˹ؼʱ̡
Ӱ֮ǰĪӸоԼڵѾʼԲʱ߽˺ɽıչؾУ׼һԼڵ֮Բ
Ӷɹ˴֮һֱ۵ڣĪȥʱ䲻̣Ⱥ֣ܶһٶɺܿ죬ЩѪҹؼλԪɵԤϡ
ʣ´ﵽԲһСʱ䣬Ī֮еҪһЩѳ̶ȣҲеĸߡ
ĪӴôãܸоԼڻԽǽӽԲٶԽǻﵽһʼջǲôһ㡣
ĪҲżֱٶţֻҪܹеģˮĥ򣬽ԼڵƵԲ
ڣΧĲӿ룬ĪǷȱһ˿ڻڵ֮УﵽһԲĳ̶ȡ
һ̣ĪӲûиеڵʲôﵽޣƿĸоΪǰĵ·ѾΪˡ
ĪӸоģһǰδеĳӯ֮УﵽԲһ̣ڵԷĿʼˢĪڵÿһѾΪɱٴηһı䡣
ڱչصľУܹڵĪӣɢ΢΢Ĺ󣬲⣬һͬһ㣬ַǳĹ
ĪҲоԼڵĹҲȫתһʵأӲء
ڵĪӣվԪɵĴſڣǰһСͿԿԪ񣬶ڵһҲ·һ
о£ԽԽǿĪӾԼҲûʲôԥģȻȻһ
ʶ뵽ͼ֮Уһλޱˮ֮УһŶصĲľֻһΣƬƺЩͬˡ
Īӽµޱˮԭƽʵˮڿʼ˾ˣ˻Ĵϣûкֺ
ӿ˻ʵȴǳºͣͷ·һֻ֣ȥЩѾɿݵĽ裬Ҵһ
ͷǳ˿Ҳޱȵ֮Уɢů¶ȣ͸Īڵÿһ֦ˣÿһƬҶ͸Īӵڣоģֻޱȵ
ټˮһһȵڽ㣬ûлǷǳ˳Ļһڻһɸ
£ĪֻþΪ֮һоԼûй飬޴ǰδеĳֳĸо˼
ĪӷչԼ֦ɣƴȫԼޱˮ֮мȡӪ
ƬĪӵޱˮ򣬴˿ҲƺĪҪŬͬһ㣬޾ӪĪӿ׾ٵļȡ
߱£Īչ֦Ҷʼۿɼٶȷɿܿʹ˸ߴ
ƬأƺҲ˱仯պܹĸߴ˿ƺҲչˣҪĪиĿռ䣬Ծ
ޱˮ֮еľ˻ĴĪӵɣɣҲڱøӴ׳ԭıƤʼ䣬˵ˮߣµıƤǹ£ڳ֮󣬾̱ü͡
֮УĪӺܿͷ֣Լֳ˺ܶ࣬һ̶֮ĪӷԼٶȱ仺ˣΪʲôƣ£ͷůˮ۳ɵʼǿԼ档
ĪӸоԼûôĸɿƤѾټˣЩɿݵƤȴϲϵĵֲϵıˮߣһܶʼĹ̡
Ḷ́ĪӸо΢΢ЩĶԼڣͼָоͬʱϵҶȴʼһƬƬĵ䣬뿪
ЩҶ֮ĪӸоԼҲЩˣһƬƬҶѸٵĸԼ֦ɣȻֺܿĵ䣬ͺԼƤһܶʼ
ڲƤҶĹУĪӷԼԽԽ̣һŴɵĴĸһɫĹ
ʱһ󻹺ܵһƤҶȥ󽥽ıԽԽԡ
ĪܹоԼƺԽԽˣͬʱԼʶҲԽԽǿˣƺܹĸӦһЩǰȽģĶˣ˵Ƭռĸ
ҲͨԼʶɵӰ쵽ռеһС
ĪͷһߵĻͷǳԶƶǳһ𣬾һһ㣬Χǵǹһ䵽ϣԵޱȵ
µޱˮ֮УˮҲ˸ߵľˣȫˢһиɿݵƤҶȫߣޱˮ֮УΪΡ
Ĺ֮УĪʶԽԽǿܹӦĶҲԽԽܹ࣬ƬСռУĸӦϺۼҲܹӦޱˮ֮У̺ˮ֮
ĪӽԼʶɢӴƬռиĶ˽µޱˮ򣬳ߵǳͷߴա
ʶϵ̽ϵŸߴ죬ƺûоͷֱһ⣬ʶӴʱ˲ֿ޾Ĺ
һ̣ʶ˹ͼ»عУʱѾ˵ˣԪ
÷ڣ÷ͻȻоһӴϢȻӺɽڶϢ֮ǿһ˲䣬һϢĸо
⻹õģɽĲУ÷۽еͯȫͻѹѹȵĵ˵ϣˡ
ɽΧ󷨣ɽһҲΪѹ·ֹһ㡣
Ҳ󷨵ĸûӴϢѹ硣
ܵǿϢѹˣȴһϲɫΪѹĵطǺɽңʹţϾҪһλԪˡ


İʮ Ԫӽ
ɽɽľУĪϵϢƽϢȻ˫ۡ
Ī˫۵һ̣У·Ĺâͫߣ˴Լʮʱ䣬âŽָԭӡ
Īվǳᣬһǳ򵥵Ķ˵ĸоȴǳȻ
ŲǰĪӺܿ뿪˾ңߵ档
ǰɽķ羰ɽƮϤľɺǰһڵĪУĶȴͬˣܹӱʵĶ
֮һһݣһʯһľһ޵ĵϣ·ƽĶǵһ֡
ɽʱ򿴵øЩɽΧγɵģĪĿ͸ЩܹĲһЩתĹɡ
ٴ̧ŲĪ÷۵ķȥ;·ʦյŵһλĪվǰһȻ÷ߡ
ȻҲ÷ƽҪ÷㣬߶˵ЩʲôĪӶȥɽµãΪ˵÷Żü㣬÷Żá
Īߵ÷ǰʱ򣬸һξ룬ѾˣվȺˣֻǵӰ
ԼɽϽеͯѾ˺һˣĪӵϢջؿʼǾѾվˣرͯڳ˼ΪϣǾҪˡ
Īӿ˵ʱ򣬼ҲĪӰϤĴ磬ϵǹϢ˵ĸоȴȫͬˡ
ĪӽŲ죬ûпķٶȣҲûߵĺܿ죬߼ĲһֺȻĸо
˿ϵϢޱȵƮϤĴ磬İƮȻɵĸоûд˶ĳȴֵ˸ܵʱķɡ
ͯôĿĪӣֱĪߵǵǰ˿ڵʱ򣬲Ž˾ѡ
ϲʦʦɾԪɣ
֮ͯҲ̶Ī񣬡ϲɾԪɣ
˵仰ͬʱͯޱȵĻȣǵĹ׼˳ΪˣҲΪѧϰˣպûгɹѧϰľҲܹһ¡
Īӿǰļˣĵ˵ͷȻֶʵأô
ʦ֮ǰʦŷϢʦɽȥæˣڻδæڻش
ĪԣҡҡͷĵˣҲû̫⣬Ϊ»һЩִģѾȥæˣǵʵӦòʲô⡣
£Ѿˣȥæɣ֪ȥʲô֮Īӻʾ⼸Լȥæתȸλ컯һ㣬Ȼߵɽ÷ãȥ÷㣬˳Ϣ
ʦӶɹ֮ѾԲڳɾԪʽɾ磬˼ұϲѾԪˣ
е¯УĪӶ÷˵˵֮תص÷С
һʱ䣬˷֣ĪӲûȥΪȥйص£ֻȻһ㣬ɽĴ߶ʱ򻹻ĳطפͣƬ̣ϸĴĳΪֹǷһͨ˵ϣܻ˻Щ⣬ǷĪϣȴֻ˲²⣬ĪӴ˾߶ʲôĵ
ҹʱַ֣Īվ÷ǰ̧ͷǿգĿ⿴еЩǳһһҹ
ֱεʱĪӲһʼһΡ
Σ΢һЩ֮ͬͬĻڣվͶо΢ԴĵĪӶԽ˸о
ֻĪһֺԶĵĸоԾľͻ˱ǵҲţĪӵһжʶȫȫĳУЩɬѶݣҲƺ֮УʼһչǵǰȻֻǱɽһǣҲ
ĪӵֹͣʱѹȻʧĸоĽʱ̫죬ֻùһСξѾˡ
ʵϣǽһСյʱ仹ҪһЩĪͻԪ֮󣬵һΣжչĵҲоµջԲŶжһ
ν֮ͯȥɽĲѧϰĪԼյλã÷µϣĿͷգɽ䴵΢硣
˴Լһʱ֮ĪӲվĿͶԶ˫ֱ󣬽ͷ΢΢𣬻ı۾૵
ɷ֮䣬Ĳͬˣ
Ӵ絽ԪɣһţĪӵĸоȫͬأɷ֮
뿪֮ĪһϤжҪʣܹ΢۵ĶҲܹܵһƽú
ڲͬĸоĪеᵽ컯棬ᵽ˴޴ڣۺǿգеǳܵصĺ󣬸ɽľһһݵϸ΢仯ϸСϵ棬Ҳܵ컯Ͻ
һз·ǵӰĪϸĹ۲죬ƺܹãƺһ񣬳ĵ֮⣬ǶǣûôҲûô
ֱղʱϤ䣬е΢Դ壬µͬʱҲУӦϤԼı仯
Լֻ׷ĵ·ϣǰ˼ʵһԵĵ·ϣྫʵķ羰
ʵһеһУδ仯ǰأЩϤҲԭӣΨһֻͬԼѡ
ɾԪ񣬿ţٷǷɾ磬ʵҲֻһµѣ·޾ĪӻҪ̽
뵽Ī˫ۣƮϢıõһЩ˸˵ĸоȻûлصָоҲƽ˲١
Īת£ʼתڵķһϤͬʱϤµԼ
ԭͻԪ֮ĪӾҪµĹˣ֮ǰҲѾνӣܹ֤ԭĹͼġԪˮ¼ϡ
ĿһɾԪɣĪӻͷٿԼ޸ĹĹͷֲôˣһЩ©ҪԼĥһ¡
֮ǰ޸ĵ˼·ûģֻ֮ǰԪɣֻƾĵ伮ԼһЩ©֮ʲô⡣


İʮ ͷ
˷֣ĪͻԪɾֻ֮˶̶һʱ䣬ƮȻɵϢͱ䵭˲٣ȻĪӣǻָоȷûǰôǿˡ
Īӽ죬ûͻԪɾ֮ǰһÿʱ򣬻ڲЩ飬Ҳһû£еʱν̵һǡ
ԭ˻ڵģĪͻԪɾ֮󣬾ͻǰ֮ϣʱټĪӣ뵽Īȫûǰ֮ϵ˼ÿԹԵԼ顣
ĪڵȻǰ֮ϣ뿪Ѫҹصʱ򣬼λԪɶԼĽڶϣĪʱôȥðǰ֮ϡ
ʱ䣬æϤɾ磬ͬʱ´ĥڹνӣмԪɾĪҲʱʱóϸоĦ
Ī˵ڵԼʵǳ˽⣬Ƕɾ磬ȴ΢Щİ
ȲյԼһãǳɾԪڵɱΪҲκεİ֮УҪϤһԡ
μɾкιؿҪעĵطĪӾ֪ˣ֪ΪݣǴеļŹԼӴԪ֪ģ˵ľʲʺԼ⻹һδ֪֮ء
ĪеʱԼ֮ȥ֮ϣЩҲܹܿ˽⡣
÷УԼͯڽĪӵڿΣ˵Ŀ⣬ȴʱʱɽɽͤͯдŨĺ֮ɫ
ΪǵǰһڸǽεĪӣɽͤһĪӡ
˵ֶ֮βϡ棬ǰʲôֶΡ
ǰĪӣɽͤĪӣĪӣ֮ͬڣǰڸǽεģĪӵɽģĪӵԪ
Ϊ񾳽磬ɵϣϵ״̬£ߵûʶģڱȽΣյ״̬һߣ׵뿪Լ塣
ǰһĻЩսǵ֪ˣԪ֮ڲٿ֮£ܹǽΣͲòǸеϡˣֻи̾ԪɹȻͬס
ĪӿǰЩĵļˣҲûǣΪ飬˵Ҳʡ
ԪɾߣԪѾǿ˿Բĳ̶ȣȻܶߣɱԼҲһЩߣͻԪɾʱ򣬽ԼԪ֮УΪԪɳպҲûжӰ졣
ĪԪɽɽͤУٿģһԪͷ
Ķ£꾳ʱѾܹڳɾԪ֮ԪĪȫƾһͷͲԼĳ̶ȡ
ַǳʵ飬ʡȴĪӲٵ飬ܳΪսʱ
ڵɱΪ֮Щ֮ͨ࣬ȫòʩĪӵȻȲЩޣҲСһǣԷӳ׵ս
򲻵ѵʱĪӲַʽսͷֻΪĶöѡ
ĪӵԪڽһоԪˮ¼ϸڴ޸ģѾҪˡ
Īæ޸ԼϸڣͬʱԪɾʱڵˣҲǰҾѾԶˡ
ٹңǾܵˣȵҴȥ׸Ʒ磬õĻܹŪһ֣ζǷǳڼԦŷгڳϵ˵
֮ǰֻɣĳϣȴ˲٣ҲܹԵһ´СܷгžЩӵˡ
ߣ
ڵĻ䣬ڷгϵУһ˾һȻ˵Ļð
ڻͷһۣ̬Ҳ⣬ΪԷһЩԹܹʾжҲֻʣһˣ
ߵˣɸĸλʦֽ֣ţ£֮ǰ½ڵУ̬õһҲȺУصһ
ǳֵʱ򣬶ԷҪǿƿǵ׷ǵһˣڻûкá
ڵܷгϣں֮⣬ɵĸĸԼ֮ǰΧڵļˣҪһǡ
һ·ϣʱʱĻһգڷгϵļˣҵĻȻ٣ţº֮⣬û˸ʲôӦ
ɵĸĸϾҪˣ˻һۣ˱˴һĨ߿֮ɫ
¶ǵǸˣǵȴûнܣ֮Ըݣ޷ΪǵԭǲŲòĻʹɣصȥˣȥһŰʦˡ
ۼˣ˲ݣҲǰˣҲɲʲôֻʵʵȥӰˡ
ֻܼϣӰ֮λɢ޸Īӣһλĵ¸صǰˣǿ֮¡
λĵӣ޶˶ʱҲϣ
ɣڵ֪Ҫ֪֮еĿĵҲԶˣ뵽Լ֮ܵ÷ۣԼ֮УǸܱԼгֵˣСϵıЩᡣ
תۣ֮ǵõģҲֻôһѣ֪Լǰݺ;Ҳûм̳ǰǣڵͣ˼뻹Щɵġ
ǿһۣȻջĿ⣬ǰĬͲ֪ʲô
ЩѹֵУڽ˲ݾڣȻ䵽򽭺ϡ
ǲݵ׸ˣصҪ˶ãȴȥƷʣȵҳ֮ټ·ɣ˿˵
仰˵꣬תͷɵĸĸɫͻȻһǳĶǹһ
λѣѾٴλöв֮öλѸһͬһˣ֪λѣһͬļλѣвԸҲ޷øλ⣬ֻٴˣ
ڻһ˵꣬ת׸ȥǽŲɵĸȥɵĸĸˣڻһֻ֮ѡȥˡ
Ϊڸղŵһ仰еĽ٣һֽһЩ
ڵ仰ȫѡ˵ΪɵĸĸҲǳǴ˿̲ûʲôѡأΨһģֻǹԹԵǰӰأֻһ̬ϣһЩ
֮ټһٷʢζЧʹ󣬼ٴ·ձȸղֻһЩ


İʮһ ȷ
ˣԴӵ޲֮ͲֻòˣԲ徳ط֮ڻҲ١ݣڼԦŷгƵӰؿͬʱСĶŷгϵļ˽ܵ
ţµ˸ӦΧŨȣҲ΢Щȣݵ޲ѾȥһЩˣЩñȽϾãҴûݵݵӡ󣬲ûбǰĹ̫ࡣ
ǵȻǹȥȽϡĵطڱǰһЩҲ̫ࡣ
ҲɵĸĸһҪ÷ۣвͬһССԭ
ݣŨȣ˿ҲȷЩСС⡣
һСС⣬ɲԴеĽ٣ѾеĲԽԽˡ
ʱɫõ˿Ҫ֮ʱгҲӰԽԽͻȻ֮䣬ǰУһɫĹڵһ߶֮󣬹ͻȻ鿪Ľ⣬·ĵ¡
ǣǳ֮ţµ˿һĻвɵһǰĽ⣬ǳ֮Ӵǳ֮ŵ£֪λ׼ʲô
иеȵʱڵǡʱ
ĩ÷ÿĩһգͷųǳ֮ӰأӰصڶտ棬ҲЩѧϰ
ڴһڷгϵļˣиӸеˣЩܹ£ٵСǶЧ¹ܹȴܹ࣬úõľ͸ˡ
֪÷ֻһɻûжõСţȻҲѧϰ־üоãԼˣƺЩС÷ۡ
ڼԦŷгĿ΢΢עһ˵ı飬¶һĨЦ
˿Ӱÿһԡǳ֮ĳ棬⵱ȻǴɣΪ֮ģҪȻڲݣҲͣһЩѡڵʱ·
ڷгϵĿҲһڣ֮ǰѾµ˼ٿгϵļˣ֪ڵ˼ûа׷ѡ
гܿͽӰؾڣ˿µǳ֮ûȫɢţ»ɵĸĸǣΧǳ֮塣
ע⵽˵ľٶвû˿⣬ԦŷгܿɽɽǰȻȥ
λѣɽˣͷλڴ˵ȺƬ̣ʦӦɽΣȵν֮ɽȥɣڴ֮󣬲û̽ɽǿ˵ȺƬ̡
ȵ˵֮Ҳ˵ķӦĿǣһ˵ʦ֣Ƚȥɣ
ԣڵͷ󷨵Ũɽ֮ڡ
һɽɽϵˣǿ첽ȥ÷֮󣬿ĪӵӰ¶һɾʵЦݣȻͰվȴš
ɽȥڵʱĪڱչأ׼׵Բ˿ĪΣǾζĪѾһѾͻƵԪɵľ硣
һֱȵΣĪվתͷһԵǣȻɽ¿һۣЦſ˵ˣһ洳ʲôˣλȥʰ
ϲʦɾԪɣ
Īӵѯ֮ǲû̻شĪӵĻȹϲĪͻԪɾ磬Ųſڽһ¡
ʶˣת֮
ǵĽ֮ĪĿⲻɵɽһۣĿѾ͸󷨵ڵվɽǰļˣͬʱԺҲڿٵţɣ˭ת֮
Ȥȥǽɣ˼ţĪǷԸһ䣬˴
һĪӾͼǺڴһȺɽˣȺ֮УһλбһӣĪĵؾ˵ˡ
һȺ÷ۣĪӿˣرǺһڣϲɵ¶һĨЦ⡣
ϴڵΪ񾳽ڣϵϢȴǳƽȣΪ𵱳뿪ʱвСĽ
ڵֽٶȣĪѾе൱ˣڵʣڲ̫£ֽٶȣ˵Ѿˣĥһʱ䣬Ϊܹﵽ񾳽ˡ
ڴ֮ĪӲŽĿת˸һļˣȼ˿ڣһ΢Ц˵ԸЩѣҲЩ֣ε飬ĵȷǷЩ׵üλһһ÷ۣʵڱǸˣ˵
Ī˵ţһ̧֣ڼ˵ߣ˼ľʵΣԻһľ
ɵĸĸ˶һۣĶĪһһͬڵлǰ
һ˵꣬˾ʵʵ£УĪӷ֣ڻеɣʼնԼ
Īڼ֮ĿҲ䵽ɵϣ΢ЦŶڵ
ʶң
ڻеԣҲûиеӺ£ûжܣĪӵͷ۵ͯڵֻǵһ棬壡
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仰ĪгĪĹâĿ⿴ɣζû˵
÷ۺԼ¹ʵ࣬дڻúúõģ˵հףֱ˵Ԫ
Īʶ֮У鲻ģ÷¹壬ˣ⼸ûС
ܹ˵ĻԵϵˣĪϸһ룬ʵһܹԵϣٿڵͣĪӲɵĸоִһ㡣
²ˣϵֻ˵һ㣬ƲѣԭĪΪԷѾˣڿ񲢲
ĪӳĬɵĸĸˣȴЩˣȴҳԴţֻܵȴĪӿڡ
ڼ˵ĵȴУĪͻȻվűɵ˵ͷȷ⺢м仰⺢˵
ɵԣ̽ɷ£ȻĪӴɣߵ÷£ƺ˵ʲôЩˣȴ˿ֻô۰Ͱ͵Ŀš
ĪӴ÷£ɼеλϣȻ˵ʶе𣿡
ʳ仰ͬʱĪӶʹһһǰ
֮ΪĪӲϣ˿ҲΪҪȷһɵݡ
ɿǰͻȻ仯ľԼͻȻһУǽϹҵһлˣһǳϰӣһ˫ĿǳĿԼͷ·ֱܹġ
ڿ˲䣬˾ʹסˣʶһ
֣
һૣĪоͳ׵ȷˣǰˣԾ˻͵ת֮ɣ


İʮ ղ
ͣ
Īû뵽ԼгһգȻ͵ת֮Ҳͬû뵽ԭԼΪɢˣȻǰȥתˡ
ĪӼɽ̸һˣǷ֮Ժ֮ðļ䣬Щ䣬ЩǳٵĲд滭ѣûʲôļ䡣
ûãһԵɸĸˣͿĪӴɣ»صԣδȼ˿ڣĪӾͶ˵ڣȴȥһ£һЩΪʦ
˵ֿ֮ɸĸ˵üλԶһˣλɽСסգģûƸλɵ˼ֻЩ飬Ҫһ£ԺҲͼλ̸̸⼸գλɽҲȥɽߣ
ĪӵĻĪҲûټ͵˼ֻܸڣǰɽĿᰲ١
һֱϣں÷ۼĪӣĪһڣЦŶ˵ΪʦǸ˵ãǸ˵µ鷳󣡡
ռĪӵĪӵ仰жʱһ
Ѿ֪ĪͻԪɾ磬Ѿˣԭ̶ԼʦϲһĪ仰ʶЩˣܱѾɵʦΪ鷳ģƲʲôС¶¾ԺԼйء
Īӿڵı飬֪ʲôҲûжֱӶڼڵ
֪Ǹɣǰ˭𣿡
ںĪӵĻ˵ķӦͬڱ¶һ˿棬Դɹ֮󣬾һֱɽϣ֪һЩҲ˲²⡣
ʦһλʶСʵ
ǰ˻ʣͣ
ĪûжκεĹӣֱӾ˵˴𰸡
𰸵ڣϵıҲɫǲ֪صˣɵݣȫԤϣʦľʶһЩڵĵˣȴȫû˻͵
˻ʣٵѡ޷ҪôǻɢҪôǷгķǳ١
˻Ȼλʱвٵķ飬ִڼ䣬Ҳû˵ǹڹġ
һλ˻ʣݱ֮һֱûϢ˲²⣬λ˻ʿܳ⣬һɢˡ
صϢֳٳûд磬⼸ʱȥҶ飬ЩˣϾˣ׽ġ
Īһͷ̼תʼӰ죬̾͸оµȷЩ鷳
ʦ֪ˣھȥȻ󹧹Ľͻȥض뿪ɽһɫ˵ϵıһ֪˵仰ʱǳ档
⵹ãĪҡҡͷȻ˵
λ꣬ȷĳЩֶΣʱΪʦΪյĽǻɢڿΪʦЩˣ˻ʣȱΪԼıһ
ĪӽɵĽӴܹµֻתģԲò͵ǷԼӵеһУıһ
Īӹƣڵʱ£ѡ񣬿ҲǳΣգһұ֤Լܹɹֻתǳɹˡ
ΪʦǹҪеϵ˵⣬˶ѾˣҲŴ򷢣ȻЩ鷳ʵҲرأֻҪǰû˾֪һʵԵ͵⺢ദʱ˵˵ӡôĪ˵꣬Ŀ⿴ڣȴĴ𰸡
룬Īӵ˼Ȼ󿪿˵Ȼǲ˵ҲֻǿӺദЩ죬оԷԼͣȻСҲһЩȱ㣬СȷĻЩȱ㣬ܹŤתġ
ڶӡǲɸҳ߿ʼһ·˽̸ھ;ãɺܶƢ
ȻԷԹԼʦЩƣڽӴ֮ڸоԸӦǺԼ񣬶ǺܶˣԼµԭ
֪ǰݣлǱȽϣܹ÷УΪ÷۵ӵġ
Ī˵꣬оۻǱȽпϵģڵĻУĪҲ˼Ȼɻͦкøеġ
֮ϣĪӾû̸ʲôǿʼָڵΪˡ
ǺùģΪҲѾӽ񾳽ˣչٶȶ˵൱
ȵڶϣ÷۵еӿʼεʱסɽɸĸˣҲע⵽÷۵Ķ
Ϊɽǲųʶȥ̽飬һҲ߳䣬Ŀ÷ۣţ¸ֱ÷ȥҪ÷۵ˣεġ
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һνţµȻûо𺳣ж÷۵ӡȴڲϸĹ۵ġ
񾳽ϵʿͼʶȱȻܹ÷εĺô÷ʱͬһ㣬֮е΢Դչĸо
ԭΪȵν֮ĪӾӦüˣ֮ȴԤϣν÷۵˸ȥæԼˣ֮⣬ǡ
ҲֻǴɽιۣڲ飬ţµҲֻǽ˵ʦڿǣü˰ĵĵȴա
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ڣɰ÷ۣзԵ˼ԽԽˣɵĸĸã÷ۣҲһѡ
ʱĵȴڵȵĪٴμɵĸĸˣμģҲֻˡ
һ̸ĵص㣬ĪӲûѡ÷£ר̰ѵصѡԼķС
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ɵĸĸˣĪӽǰ֮˵϶֮ɫֲòţΪĪӸûбҪƭǣϡ
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ڶɵ۱ȽпϣҲһЩ˵ϲãԸ񣬻Ƚ¼ɣվĪӵĽǶǾͲһˡ
߽Ϊ£ҲѵãΪһߵãСܵ谮ССͣƾһɳ嶯͸Ҹ뿪ȷܶҲԼɻǶԸҲδЩ̫ҡ
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Щæ˿ܲȡʲô꣬ȴǷˣǷµծɱȡʲôѻοôˡ
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һС˵ȷܹıġ
ϣҲû˭ȱģˣǲˡ
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΢Щˣ뵽һ㣬͵ŵ˼ڶЩ
ֻɢޣԻʳЩ֮ĽͶΨһܹ׵ǣǣĶȽϸӡ
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Īƺɸйٲò飬Ҳģɡ
뵽ʱ䣬ڶԴͻȻЩ˷̬ȣ÷ѡԽԽˡ
еʱϣôʱܲ⣬п෴ķȥ㲻̫ˣԷܻ⣬ĿһڷǿΪá
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֮ӡȻǳ׵ķתˣڣ˶ڣлвСԹ
֮⣬÷ˣӡ󲻴ͯǾúǰ;һʦţڴѾˣʦѡǳ⡣
սĪӵ̬ȣҪʦĪӣûпˣǰʦڣôҲ̫ġ
λǵΪֶҲǳԶͨĴֿɱȣɶܹݵҲð˾֮ɵĸͻȻ˵
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˵ʱ÷۵ˣȫޱվ˿ϲŭȴոоЩѹ֡
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һ£ɵĸĸʱд󾪣Ҫ˵ʲôеɣ˿ȴ۵ͯڵҪΪʦ뿪
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ĪӵĻתͷ˿ߵڣȻֿԼĵţ˶˵֣ڹȥ
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۵Ӵһ㣬ûĸĸ˵ĺĿУǳĸӡ
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˿̵ڣҲŹԼǰɣûп˵
ʵҪɵģĪӶѾ˵ˣɵĸĸͬ⣬ǹԼġ
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ˣεѣɶһ÷ۣ֮ǰԹʹ˽ҹܹ
һ˵꣬ɵĸ׶һվԵʱҲֻ̾Ϣһͬһ
ţµˣʱȴüͷ壬죬ƺҪ˵ЩʲôĿ鵽һԵĪӣ˵Ļû˵ڡ
ϸ΢ı仯ĪӴ˿̶۵ףģɵϸ΢仯
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λѷģɶ÷۵ĵˣһúý
ڵĻɵĸĸҲ¶һ˿ǿЦݣڣֻܽԼԺʦʵ


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ջǰ÷ۣĪһ仰˼ԼʵѾͬˡ
Īͬԭ򣬲ɸĸӦĸʱ򣬻ͷȥĸЩĪӾãԵȷǿıġ
ھ˲ӵİʦ֮÷۶һӣҲڵʦ
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ʹ࣬ʹ໹Ҫǿ
ͷĪȴ¶һЦݡ
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ҪԭġľԪͼġԪˮ¼νӣĪ֮ǰ׼ѾˣԪˮ¼ĪҲѾ޸ĵԼĳ̶ȣ¾νӣҪǡԪˮ¼⣬СľԪ⡣
ĪΨһҵǣԼͻԪɾ֮ûôµĹڵķתĻԭġľԪԼиһۣһµʸ
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ĪӸоԪ«ܣԼͻԪɾִ֮ȵˣڲƵݻѾҪɵʮˡ
ҪĪΪŻԪ«֮󣬱ϾԪһɣǱɷ֮Ĳࡣ
ˮɫĹâɢĪĿ⿴÷۵ķڽ̵յĵӡ
ԼԺ䣬ΪҲ÷ѧϰԭ򣬽̵ɵĵطҲѡ÷ۡ
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ˣǾٶ໭飬úõļ䣬Ϊʦ֮ǰģҲóϰһ£ʦĻ˵¹ʶ֪¡ԣûǰȥдķģֻԼúϤһ¡
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֮ڸȹ̣һߵȣδɾҲߣ뵱Ϊʦʦµʱ򣬾һ㣬ԷǳӻϰķģΪʦɱ̿ˣ絽ѧϰ㻹Զأ
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仰һϵЦ˲佩סˡ
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ƺܲϵɱһ㣬һͨ溢һʵʵ˵ʦղ˵㵱絽ѧϰ÷˶ûôãǲʱȽϲѧԲѧôõģ
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һӲԼ׽Ūһ£ôԼʦ˺ܶȤ
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ʦͽ˵һԻɽĪӾ۵ףǲɵҲ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ദĻͦгģ
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뿪˵ߣ£ҲûеˣҾߣҲûа취ַֺ
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ԭһ÷ۣ̳ΪʽӵЩʵͯҲںദһʱ֮󣬶ӡĹˣ֮ദĻʱҲһѧϰˡ


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ĪҡҷԼϵЩҶҡҷĹ֮УȫȥҶû䵽·ޱˮУʶĲٿ£ڴߣϵķ衣
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ΪָоĪЩޱˮˣЩϲˮĸоˣҲһЩı䡣
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Īӳʶǳ֮⣬ֶһãǾǽΧˮϸϸĸΪˮټӿ죬ԼĸоЩָо
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ˮ½ԭΪƬռ䣬ֱ˺ܶ࣬ԭĿռѷ죬Ѿָˡ
ʵƬռ䱻׵ûʼƬռһֱڱţֻǿռѷ֮ԴԴϵӿˮſռĿ϶Ƭռ䣬ʼմڱû״̬
ڣռѷ޸ˣռˮλȻʼ½ˡ
ͬƬռܿ챻ûһ㣬ˮ½ٶҲͬܿ죬ûãĪӾͿЩǳ׷׵ĸˮ棬ɵ˸ߴա
ţԼߴ֦⣬Ҳڱ˺ܾ֮±¶ˮ֮ϣڣȻ¶˴׳ɣˮλ׻ع鵽ĸ߶ȣĪӵҲ֮䡣
ͷϵǳͶ˲ůĹ⣬Īſ۰򣬸Υĸо
ĺȻ֮䣬ĪӸоЩ̫ƺһʲôһ۽µޱˮĪҡҷˣµޱˮ֮УһϸСˮ߸ߵһֱ䵽Īڵĸ߶ȣȻĪӵĲ£һ㱡ˮ֮ϡ
ӣĪӷ·ֻصˮ֮У˲͸оˣƬռ䣬Ҳ·һ˲ˡ
УĪӻ˫ۣܵڷ·ûȻһµķĪ̧Լ֣תڵķ̸һɫĹâ
֮ġԪˮ¼֪ܷѹߴĹԼ֮ɫķĪĬĬ


İʮ 
Ԫˮ¼ĪǰǰΪʱĹǸ磬µ磬ĪӲûԭⲻĹǲڳµġԪˮ¼
ǰǸ磬Ԫˮ¼㲻Ĺ磬ĪҲûǸ˵ԭġԪˮ¼ѹй
ǻײ֮ͬʱ繦ŵġԪˮ¼ĪӾĿ˵ԼڵĹѷɫκһŹ
Ԫˮ¼ɫķĪȻûʵǾѾܹоԱԼԭķҪǿĶ࣬ԼĵҲӵϣȫˮľ֮һٵĴϡ
Ԫˮ¼ʼĪӵе·ٴǰһѾʽɾУȻûн٣ʵȴСȵ
Ԫˮ¼ֻһҲһЩֶΣĪ·֮޷Ԫˮ¼ʱ򣬾ͿʼѧϰеֶˣˡԪˮ¼мصɷĪӵĶԵֶηḻ١
뿪˱չصľңĪӷԼչһµʱ䣬еʱ䳤һ㡣
ΪĪҪµĹ֮νӣĪ֮ǰ˳ˣ˵ӦһȽϼ򵥵Ḷ́û뵽õʱȴ١
ʱ䣬ҲĪӵĽܷΧڣԽ˺棬չصʱͻԽԽǰ񻰴˵Щˣչʱ䶯ǧ꣬Լ⻹Ǻõġ
»ص÷ۣĪӾͼںʦͽڡгദϿεʱȫ÷ˣǽרĽרɺʦͽϿεĹУҲǳ֡
ĪӿһۣûдǣֱϢɽȥ
·ɽʱĪŲڿһۣԼԿרĽ̵ͯӣҲ÷ǳ档
Ī΢΢פ˼ʱ䣬ȻͼɽȥɽﴦЩƲͣ˽Ų
˿УǴæµСĵĲһľڳȻڿճĵطµľ
ڱڳľһǻѡɽ£Ųһ΢һĻܶӰ죬ǲӰ쵽档
ɽ£ΧɽѾСĸľֱȽֵ̫ľӶࡣ
ЩľĪӵɽһϣٶ̫죬ϣֱûϹȻĪҲϣϻϵʱ
Īվ￴һæµˣûע⵽ĪӣֱתͷĪӵķһۣŻȻ侪ĪӵĴڡ
ϲʦΪٽڿĪ֮ϸĿĪһȻͶĪһ˵
ΪԪɾµˣֻҪԼϢǾԲܱ˼ҿ˰죬ŷ˴ڣΪԲһЩģǹϢΣֻҪ߿ǣҲܹ
ɸղĪӾվϵϢҲûпȫƽʱһǳ⣬ȴûֱ֣תͷĪӵʱ򣬲ע⵽ĪӵĴڡ
ָоͺĪվѾΧĻΪһˣǳĺгȻԲŻûҲţĪӿĵ·ϣǰһ
ʣҲòо̾Լʦٶ֮죬³ɾԪɣٶȣҲǱ׷ϵĶ
Ϊʦֻµ粢δعϲĪ˰˵
Īӵ仰ЦЦûнӻĪӼ״ҲûٺǶ˵ֻǶͷ֮󣬾׼ɽȥ
ĪӽŲոŲȻͣĿ⿴ɽķ򣬽Ż̧֣ǰһץбһֽ
ԭټѧŴѶֶΣˣץסеֽĪӲûмȥֽϵݣ˵
ټѧɵֽ״֮紫ˣӼʮǰʼõְֶΣΪֹûĸֶ߽δ
Ī֮ǰоֶΣûҵʵĻᣬڸղţͨټѧõţڲֶεİء
ɾԪ֮ͨȻЩİأҲһ֪
ͷĪӿаټѧøոռϢϵıЩζ
ԴΪ˻֮⼸ʱ䣬徳ڲûзʲô£ΨһֵעĴ£Ǿǻʳովе뷷䡣
ټѧϢ֮УҪݾǹ뷷ģڻʳ뷷֮Уһλĳ佫õ뷷⣬뷷ƷһλƷλƷλƷʮλʣµģȫƷµ顣
ЩĪ¶ζԭڰټѧõϢرһǾ˴뷷֮У״γ˶
νָһЩйȨ飬Դ뷷ʷʼûгֹκһصȨҲֻǱȨ졣
ֳƺʼǴģΪܵȺ塣
֮ʱɽɽݣɽģ嵱ݵĻв٣ֳݣʵҪԴľη
ΪλᾴηЩΪǴѣԲŻη塣
ڵ飬дܹڶķ룬ͱ˵λ񣬻Ļȣ
һ뷷λŽľյȨǸɺͼġ
Īĳʷ֮жһμأһʳ֮ǰһλ飬ߣִƵȨǸɺͼġ
˵ÿׯڿҪյļڣλͻ徳Ĵ߶߹ĵط뵽ĸɺ֮У佫Ҫյׯڣܿͻɿȥһûջǣͻܼĥ
λĶһеһλѹˣ֮󣬾Ҳû߶Ϣ
ĪӲ뷷⣬ֱӽһ˷ΪȨӦһ˹׵յģҲַ̫ĵ뷷ķʽĵĻʳ˹ƻȽ϶ࡣ
ԣֻһǾ뷷ĶȨͨʳ뷷õģͨطõģӶĶ󣬺ܾܿѹߣ
֮ˣ¼ȵˣ̲סҪټӰѻˣĪӷаټѧøոմϢζıʧȴȻ


İʮ ͬ
ʷϵһ뷷ֵζľǻʳ̬ȣдһ˶ܹ뵽λ뷷ĳľλȨôģʳ뷷⣬ֻһ΢ˣһͳ塣
ĸͳͳϡ
֮ǰʳڶ̬ȣǲȡļڶͬʱĬȡλģڻʳ̬ȣѾͬȡλˡ
һӣòԭЩԥˣ˶뵽ⳡ֮УҪΪԼȡһλ֮ǰЩѾӶᵽλˣҲܹվ̨ǰˡ
Ҳܹõʳ뷷⣬ôǾкͬĴҲܹ֮нԼ𹩷ͬʱʷ֮
ټѧõţԭҪɽߵĪӣûɽߵȤʼֵζĪҲһ㣬Ǿڤ֮е֮߿ֹۣʳߣֹ̫ۡ
׵ԸҲһ٣뷷ʷĵһλ
ĪӵĵĵȻ÷֪ڤ֮Уôˡ
÷Ī뵽˶÷뷷⣬÷Ʒλʱ֮ڣ޷Ͻ
ƷλƷλҲùңԭĪһ㶼ĵʱ÷λˣڣĪȴо΢Щˡ
Ŀ⿴һ÷ǶԡгʦͽĪڻĵÿһˣϾӦͣķչͱ뷷Ϊ飬ƾǰ˻ʵݣµĳŵһεļ˻ʣҲ²ִеġ
ڣͲûгΪ飬ת֮Ѿ뵽÷۵£µĳŵܷ˳Уһдʱ֤
ϣŵЧİɣԺһԼֻǾֵЩˣĪа뵽
ԭԼðΣգΪʦȡĳŵһνףǻʳĶ͡
Լʳˣ󱨳ûõ֣Ǿͱֻ
Īڿ˰ټѧôϢ֮ЩȥڤпͷԼΪѾͻԪɾ磬ǰڤҲĻ̫ΣգͨƷµ飬ĪҲ˿ηˡ
ڿһ֮ĪǴͷǰڤһ⣬ʱͣԣʱڤ֮УԼҲûʲôġ
ԼոˡԪˮ¼ɾŸո죬ʱԼʵһڣҪѧϰһЩֶΣǺúĺá
ûɽߵȤĪӾ»صɽϣԼȥˣһ߻۷һѧϰµֶΡ
ת֮䣬ǰʱȥʱ䣬ĪӸоһ˲һ㣬ƺûôʱô֪ˡ
ԭĪӻһӣһλķÿ͵ȴĪӲòɽŽӴ
ǰҪѰң÷УĪǰķ羺ֱӿżɽ˵
õǷ羺ĵĪӶǸеЩģѪҹصԪ֮һϵְشһ÷ۣѰԼµġ
羺ϴĪʱ򣬲ûκεĲͬĪӵĻ֮Ŀⲻס´ĪӣƬ̹򣬲ŶĪӿڵ
ĪѵʣЩ͹ˣԭΪĪҲҪʮܹԲԪɾ磬û뵽Źôʱ䣬ѾԪɾ磬⣡
羺˵ЩʱȻ̾Īӵʣȴûжپ֮ɫȻĪͻԪɵϢ羺Ѿǰ֪ˡ
֮ǰѪҹصһμĪѵʱҾͶĪ˵ԭҪ÷һˣĪѽһЩ֮ϵĪȥѪҹأʱҪߵѵ飬Ѫҹض˵ˡ
羺˵΢΢ͣһ£Ŀ⿴ĪӣȻ¶һ˿΢ЦĪӿ˵
ǰʵ֮ͥУصĪѵġ
Ī羺˵ô²µһЩԷĿģܻԼǷҪͥ
Ƿͥһ㣬Ī֮ǰʵǹԴ̫С
Ϊݷ羺˵ͥһ˵ɢ֯ĿͳЩɢ޻СųԪɵͬΪսʱ֮⣬ƽʱʲô̫Լ
ͥڵĪ˵ǱȽкôģǰ֮Ϻ󣬾վȽŸͥıӻͰҲԼϤ֮ϵ
ȻЩ⶯Īȴû̿ڣǵȴŷ羺ĻҲЩ棬ԼͻԪɾ֮󣬵Ŷûг֪µˣҲֻôȼˣ羺ô֪ġ
Ī֮ϵ費ҲͻƵԪɾ磬ͥǳϣĪܹͥǰһĪͥڶǴͥĪһݼ񣡡羺һ˵ţһóһö򣬽ŵĪǰϡ
ö֮УصһĲ֮Īѵ裬֮ǰֻΪͻƵɾ磬ص󷨣ĪԼӲؾܹе羺˵꣬Ŀ㿴ĪӣȴĴ𸴣ϵһ˿Цɹϡ
ĪӵͷǰϵǷ򣬲ûȥãǵڵһ²һ£
ĪкҪ̣羺ڵ
֪ͻԪһ£֪ģͻԪɾ֮󣬻δ뿪ɽҲδ£Ī̧ͷŷ羺˵
羺ԣϵı鲻䣬Ц˵ԭĪʵĪͻԪɵϢǴ֮ͥе֪ġ
ͥһɱ磬ȻֻһɽƷɱȴ̽鵽徳ͻƵ˴Ϣмǰһʱ䣬ѵֳϣͥȻ֪ͻƵϢˡ
ԭˣͥУȻı羺ĽͣĪ¶Ȼ֮ɫͬʱȴڿٵ˼š
Ŀǰͥ˽⣬ͥȷȽɢԴ֮ƶȴŵġ
ܹ̽鵽˴Ϣ磬дΧǮı֪֮ͥеж٣ͨЩĪӴ¾ܹ뵽δͥķչЩǰ񻰴˵еͥˡ
ڼУɱĻܵһԼȻõĺôҪһԼ
˵ˣͥûԱ֮£ǻܵεԼͥܵԼҪһЩ
뵽ĪҲûԥڷ羺ĿעУץסǰ򣬽˻С
ͷѽһˣȷҪģͺˣ֮ͥе£鷳ٸϸĪ֮󣬶ŷ羺΢Ц˵
ǵȻĪʱ޷ǰ֮ϣͥϸҪ˽ģȻѽ𣡡羺ĪԼһûаܣĪͬ˼ͥҲǳ˵˵


İʮ 
ͥݼ͵ĻĲᣡ
ڷ羺뿪ɽ֮ĪŸոյõ򣬿˵
һ֮򣬼Ѿ൱һ󷨵伮ˣмصݷǳķḻ
Īе֮УصΪһŴ֮в󣬲óɹܹ֮γһƬһ壬ʺΪŵĻɽ
ۼ;̶ȣֻ˵һ㣬вĸϸڣȷʵǳڵĪ˵ȴá
ѧ˲Ī֮ϵ裬̤ĲΡ
ò˵ݼˣ˼ǳɡ
͸Ī򣬲͵ĸպúʣҲڸĪӣǿеĪϵ裬ϣĪڼ֮ͥ󣬼衣
еĪӴһʱ䣬úôĦһ֮ص󷨣ȡа
Īŷ羺֮ǰԼʮңԼȥ֮ˣԭΪ֮ע˹ȥ嵽Ǹʱ򣬷ŵĪϵעСˡ
ʮҵʱ䣬˵ĪԸĻֻҪչһΣʮҵʱ͹ȥˡ
ԼʮҾܹǰ֮ϵʱĪͻȻһֽȸУΪ֪ԼһȥʲôʱܻһЩ飬Ĳ£˵еĸĸ
ĪҲȥ֮Ͽ֮ҪԼϵĸĸգԼΪŮκܹ֮׵ķ
ת֮䣬ʱֹ˰꣬ĪѾЩӦƺԽԽʱ䣬ҲӦԼķѵʱ䣬ǰҪĶʵ
ҵʱ䣬ĪѾҲ֮ϵ裬ٴǰһ֮УĪһ֮
ɷ֮𣬼֮ϣҲֵ쾡°еĪи̾š
ѧϰĹУĪ̵ᵽ֮Ĳ࣬һ󣬱ѶȣеĲ࣬ľͬɷ֮һ㡣
˵ҪޱȵĿ̵ģķģ󷨵ķϣǲߵΪȵȣϿҪ
Īѧ󣬵Ҳ޷ĲóҪ˶Σһ򻯵Ļȴǳļ򵥡
ò󷨵ԭҪΪĪûв裬һֵĪӻܹ취㣬ҪĺĲϣɲļʯⶫĪоûˡ
ɸΪ֮Īѧ˲ûвϵ£Ҳֻ򻯰
ѧϰĹУĪӻע⵽һ⣬Ǿ󼶱󷨣ڲߵҪ
Īڲ󷨵ʱһЩ֮ԭ򵽷֮ǰĪӶ󷨵ѧϰգٶȲ̫죬˷֮ĪӺܿͽȫˣͷûвϽ飬ĪҲоԵţԼȫ
УĪӶԴ˴Ҳ˲²⣬µ̶ֳȵ󷨣Ͳܹյˣܸ֮ߵĸ֣Ҳ޷Ĳóһ
ζţÿһλ󷨸֣ܹóʵҲ޵ģҲĪӸͨˣͥԼӵԭ
ˣôѧϰµ󷨣ʵҲһֿеķʽͨһ֮ĪҲðһЩ󵨵뷨
ϸһ֮־Լ뷨Щ̫кʵʡ
һҲһ׵£佫ľɢ罫һ㣬һʹøӾƣĺô
ĪЩɣԼ֮ǰҪоͼ֮ϵԪ֮У᲻󷨸֣ѾŪƵĶ
ѾŪˣҲûʲôϵʡĪһ¶ֱοѧϰ
ĪѧˣҲΨһյһȻʱòĪӲ²⣬Լ֮ϣȻͥ˸ԼṩϣԼ󷨲óΪʱĿ顣
ԭѧ֮Īӽ֮ģʱյһݰټѧôţյ֮ĪӾ;ɽһˣϢ߼еĸĸ
ǴݼĹģŵˣȻĪĪˡ
Ǽд׼һһˣʱϺӣһͬиĸֳ
ԴϴĪѾǼȥˣСһڶѾһЩرĪĺʯΡ궼ѾʮˣѧҵѾСˡ
ĪĺĪ꣬ҲˣͬѾʼӴѧҵ
СһĪӶСʱһ棬ܾ֮öûټˡ
հ׵ãڶѾˣĪӴͷβҲֻСʱһѡ
ǰһʱհϢ˵ֵһŮûдĲٰ죬Ǽ򵥵֪һ
ĪࡢĪҪǸԵĺӻ˳ɻ֮ĪһѵõһžۣпܴӽԺҲûĻˣĪҲͦµģյ֮󣬱ɽ׼صºӹ壬߸ĸϢ
ɽºӹ·ϣĪӲûżֱӷɻȥ·ߣԴͻԪɾԺ⻹һɽ
ȻɽϣĪżҲʶɽӰڵı仯ָƣǽ̤ʵصı߱߿Ѿһʱûйˡ
Ī뿪ɽ֮·ûбܻκˣҲûбܻκֵĵطôǰߣЩĪӵˣûһ˶ĪӴк
ĪӣӰرص񣬻ߣ飬ǹĶĪӴк
Ī߹Ҷûпһ㣬ֻдʱһЩõĶ֤ĪӵȷǱҿˡ
ĪӻͦϲָоģԼȺУΧ˶ԼӶԼΧͨһԷǳڵĵĴմ֡
ڴֵȺ֮ĪӿȺͻȻԪټټ᲻ΪҲֵȺ֮УҲᱻ˷֣ԴҲžټ
ð뷨֮ĪȻʧЦȻҡҡͷתºӹȥ
⼸ʱ䣬ºӹַһЩ仯Żʳߣºӹ壬˶ǰˣӵĹģҲǰһЩ
һЩϾɵķݣЩҲ½½£ǰһЩеطҲµķӣĪӼҵķӣҲ·һ£Ҹһ·
·Īɽ򸾲ûסĶȫƽʱҲɨ
ڸ·ӵԭ򣬻ΪϴĪ뿪󣬶ϾõĪࡢĪһδŸԵĺӻʱ򣬼ס£صΪ׼ģֻǣ⼸ʱ䣬·һֱûõϡ


İʮ Ҹ
ĪӻصУʱãĸڼһһЩˣڼ͸ĸһ˵
Ī߽ȥʱ򣬿һ棬ڼеԺ֮һȺͷˣΧԺеһŵͰǰںԼĸĪɽ죬ϻڷһЩĹϹСԣĵ÷ǳ𾢡
ĪɽȺ֮УϴЦݣԱߵ˵һߵУܹĸ׺ͼŮ˵Ҳ̸ʲô
Īӵ̸۵ݣǴ֮ļҵĺӵʻͣϾҪлˣһȺ˾һ˵˸ôš
Īɽһˣͬ˴֮Ҳֻ࣬ЩȻҲȽϾ񣬿ݱĪӵĸĸҪһء
ΪǴеͬˣЩҲĪӼҵԶĪɽķԱǿ飬вû˿Ľ黳
෴ǻҪмһĪɽ򸾣ΪĪӵĹϵ֮Ӱأÿһԡǳ֮ĻᣬǵͣһҲǾӣȻԵЩ̬廹ǺӲʵġ
ҲĪӵĹϵĪɽºӹ壬Ǻ𾴵ģһֱûаºӹ壬ƽʱʲô飬Ҳ֣Դʲô£ҲԸĪɽ򸾰æ
Ī߽Ժ֮󣬼е˶ûע⵽ĪӣĪҲûдŴңֻ˸ط£ЦĪɽΪĸЩ˰ŵ飬Ȼһ֮Уе鶼¡
һͨˣܵʲôʱ򣬶Ҫģһ鶼ûУ˳Է˯ôͻᷢԼϵĺܿģһ־ϵиͬʱҲᷴϡ
ĪӺĪɽƽܹһЩЩģֻһЩС£ֻҪУĪҲԸ⿴æµ
һڷæµĪĸ׶Щ˳滹мŮͬҲ˲˳Ժ̸ǣͿʼΧڷԱ߳ԱģĪӵĸЩŮڳгԷûϯ
˾㷹ɫҲ䰵ˣ½½뿪Īɽ򸾵ļң֮ǰĪɽһȥʲô
Ī￴ţֱ˶뿪֮ĪӲһЩԼĴڸУĪɽע⵽Լ
ո߿˵ˣתͷ֮ͻȻ俴ԺеĪӣһʱ飬һڿĪ֮˾Ͳеκˡ
ӣ϶Ҫɵˣûһ
Īӵĸ׻Թһ⺢ӣʲôʱģһһ
ĸ׵һԹĪֻЦЦֱӱ㿪˵յĪࡢĪ˵ţ׼ʱ䣬źһһˣҾ͸Ͽһ
ģʵ̫ˣҵӣЩ궼ûмˣҪˣУҵøϽȥǵķʰһ¡ĪӵĸĪӵϢ˫̾΢΢һϴžϲЦݣŸ·ȥ
ǴЩʪˣ⼸ɹһɹо͸µģĪɽҲһ˵
ϵЦݣĪ΢ЦſڵҲ̫żˣǻҪһʱ䣬ʰȫü
Īûгֹ˵ʰΪ˵Ҳûãֻ˲ҪùԵȵǿʱʰһ¡
ĪɽԣҲٵ侲뵽ĪࡢĪǵӡõһʱܻͻȻ;ʱЩˡ
ĪڼмŸĸ˵һȵĸϢʱĪӲ뿪ºӹ壬صɽ
ߵɽǰʱĪӿɽΧ󷨣üͷһ¡
ͻԪɾ֮󣬾ͷղ󷨣ʵĶȱݣԭŹһʱֲһЩȱݣ͸ϵٴ֮󣬿ǰ󷨣ҪƵؽĳ嶯
ʵϸһ룬ɽĻɽҲ൱ģȻĪڿ©ٳΪ󷨵Ĳߣÿһָƣ۽ҲߵԵʡ
Īգûжɽ֣룬ΪûкʵĲߺͲϡ
ûһɲģ²µ󷨣󷨵Ҳ޵ģڵǿվҲǿޡ
ºһҷӰؾڣʹӷ֮У̬ׯĸˣߣһһСӣʮӣվ￴ѾȽϳˣСһСǸ߰꣬ҲȽľ
ڷ۵ļװϣĿ··ȺСĽ̸š
ҷϵˣȻĪࡢĪˡ
þûӰˣЩֱ仯٣Ҳñǰӷˣ·ӰأĪԴһЩ˵
һԵʯ˳ͷһӰأȥʱĪãоı仯ȷǳĴ󣬲ֻǸŮӰرûĪָ̾±Ǩĸо
ü˲֪ǣɽϣĪӵĿעǣżʱ䲻ƺֳ˲ٵļˣҲ΢΢Щ̾ʱš
СһԳɼҵҲѾмˣ˴˵ŮҲڳˣǣĪӲ̵ᵽʱĸı䡣
´ϣȻ֮䣬һ˳ɳһ˥ϡ
۵ļװϣĪʯ˳ţ׼ɽһˣȻٻºӹʱĪӱż˴ֱӻؼҰɣȥеңԺҲȥ
Īӵ𣬷ϵ˶֪ĪѾע⵽ˣҿǻºӹ壬ȻͲȥɽˡ
۵ڲһһСҲĪӵĴСһЩĪתͷԵĸʵ
ףǲǴ󲮵
ĪĸԣԴ΢Цŵͷ󲮵һܼˣʱһʧ񣡡
ţĪԣɵĵ˵ͷһĨڴ֮ɫ
¿ʼĸ͸߹һ󲮣ͨһǳߣϵĳʱ򣬴͸Ķ
Īĸܶ󲮵£ʲôħɵȵȵģĪĪ󲮵ߴء
վĪߵʯΡͬҲڴ֮ɫĪһСҲĸ׽˾Īӵ£Ī͵ʱͬҲܳԼǸصľ˾ˡ
Ѿˣżĳѧ˲ٵĶҲ˽ص֪ʶҲһЩߣû˵ô档
Լĵ˵˾˲һߣĳҲ˾ˣ˵һˣʯΡûĪĻ룬ͬϣܹԼʱĸ׾ľ˾ˡ


İٰʮ Բ
ĪһЩŻصºӹģΪĪࡢĪǸջеĸĸƻҪ˵һ
Īӽŵʱ򣬸պÿ˶ԺУԺһӣѾ˲ȣҶûжӣڵ
ĪӽĪɽ֮⣬˶վ
ֳ
ƺʯΡĪˣ΢һЩ¸Կڽһ˾ˡ󲮡
Īӳż˵ͷ¶һ˿ЦݣȻ
ڼ䣬Īɽ֮⣬˶ڴĪӣҲòĪӣоλֳϵϢƮˣȴû˿ı仯ʮǰһ
ҲڿĪӣǵļвûжӡ󣬵ȴഫ˵ĳ
оڴֺ֮صӡЩ̫һλǳºͣûôأǰӴˣܾЩڲͬ
ĪӼߵǰż˵ͷ΢Цſ˵Լˣ˵
һ˵꣬ĪӾһˣҲʱ׷£ȻĪɽȶӣ˾Ϳʼ׷׿ˡ
Щ겻ֳֳɸʤˣ֮ʯ˳ȿڶĪ˵
Īӿʯ˳ЦЦҲЩҪæµҪ˼ͥҲǳ࣬ҲݣҲмĸˣ
Ī˵ţתͷĪһۣдһ˿Цζ
ĪĪô˵˲ͷ·صǰûг޵ʱֳߣżͻᱻôЦ䣬ɵðĪһۣȻתͷһʯ˳¶˼СŮ̬
ֳˣЩæµ˼޲ٳ֣Բܹȫ˵һǶչˣʯ˳Լӣ¶һĨ⣬Ī˵
ӣĪеοԴΪ˻֮ʳұǰõ˸ãʯ˳⼸ʱ䣬ʵΪ٣һ굽ͷܹؼҡ
ݵļУʱ䣬Īźӣ˵ĸȷΪ
ĪЩ꣬һֱԼ޵ʱĪӶǷԺʯ˳ĵȷȷһãȻˣ鲢ûб䵭
һʯ˳ܹĪһҪΪְλǨ׼޶һͬȥҲǳ֮ǰʱ䣬ݷһĸ
Īһ˵˼仰ĪתͷĪһң̸֮䣬ַ޶˸Ҳǳĺλڼͣһʱ֮󣬻Ҫȥݰݷһ¡
ڣĪҽУѾСˣЩһ߸ʦѧϰһΪʦѧʦ˫ݣԼĿҵӾˣҲ˲ٵһѧӣԣδҲпܱ鲼¡
ʹˣĪȻͽעŵСһϣʯΡͣѾ˵Сһˣ磬ʮͣѾʼˡ
ĪںʯΡʴ˼֮󣬷⺢ӱ̵൱Ըмָ׵ʵȴ壬ñͨ񹫺ӵֹ񣬵Ҳ˸о⺢Ӻò
Ը񲻻ϲǻ˾ÿɿԺӦһΪ
֮£ͱȽСĪͱȽϺˣĪӴϻ֮⺢ӾȻĪӣ󲮣Ϊʲôûа׺ӣĻ˶¶Цݡ
˾֮ǰĺӣһЩ棬˵˼ģǾûĵ⣬ЩСһֺıʳĻ˾̿
ĪһĪԴ΢ЦŶ˵֮ˣԺܹܾãڻϣûкӣ
С˵⣬ʵ˵ȷʵ֪⣬ǷĵЦ˶Ӧǽһ£ⲻǽǵ⣬Ҳǹ֪̽ǿŵһַʽ
һٷ꣬ϯ䣬Īȫ˴ҵĿĹʱʱʳһЩ⣬ǵôҷЦĪĵһһ
һٷҳ˺ܾãʱʱ䣬űȥСһ֮⣬ˣϧٷΪĪʷΪԲһٷˡ
ȵ֮󣬽ҲûĻᣬܹһ˶СԺУĪɽ򸾣һٷˡ
ϯĪɽ˵Ļ࣬˭ԿǽĺܿģԼĶһãôǲġ
ĪӻصɽĪࡢĪڼס£Ǻ͸ĸкܶ໰Ҫ˵
ԼŮŻܹᵽΪ˸ĸļҲӶøĸĶ¡
Ī˻ĵ죬ǴźɽǸĸĵط
ʯΡĪɽ֮󣬿ɽϵľ£˶еǳĺ棬ĪӾĴιۣǺĪһ÷˵
ֳЩ÷˼ڻ𣿡÷£ĪĪӿʵ
ղɽʱʹһȥɽ÷㡣
СʱҲ÷ôȥˣ÷ϢصӰأҲλǵүүһ׽ˡ
ڤǱʲôҲ֪һЩʦǰЩһΣ⼸ʱ䣬ûٻʦѾƷˣҲԱ֮ʱûʲôΣգĪĪĻɽµÿһۣȻش˵仰֮Ŀֿɽķ򣬼Цſڵ
ʱѽл֮еӤѾôˣҲӳˣ
һԵĪԣҡҡͷֳ˼ǣǣѾ˵ǳˣһȥ
Ī仰ĪûпڣֻĿ⿴ȴĻ
ĪĿע£ĪƽĿڵûлˣλڼס˼죬˵˵ȻǾܺãҲǳӲʣҿͷϣѾ˼׷֪䣬ҲѾˣ
˵ĪĪһվĪһ
Ҷ˲ТЩһֱ⣬ûڸĸǰТ£ֳڲͣҶĪĪ˵
̧ͷĪ໹Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴĪִ̧ˡ
ѪףˣĪӿǰĪࡢĪƽ˵
Σλȥ֮󣬾ͶŬŬãرĪ㣬ҪǸĪٿ֦ɢҶһһТӣǰһ仰˵꣬ĪֵЦһ䡣
仰һǰĪࡢĪЩεЦ
ͣԴЩ飬ʵҲûʲôɬģֻǿڵЦǵĪӣǳ𾴵ֳǲŻķӦ
ҿûЦǻȥ֮ĿԿһ£ãǧ֮Щɽ˵ѾԳƺΪˣĪӿŶˣ΢Ц˵ֻ˶Ī仰˼ָ


İٰʮһ ̵
ֳѾͻƵԪɾ磿Ī˵һ֮ĪĪ΢Ĭһ£ȻĪĪӿʵ
һ䣬ͿĪĵͷһȷĴ𰸡
Ȼ֪Լҵֳɹ˳ɾԪ֮ǰ·Ŀ鴿֣ǳ飬ڿĪӵͷʶվǰֳѾһλ˵ʱ˲⻹Щȡ
ǰټѧѧɵ֧Ҳ˺ܶټѧɵĸˣͬʱҲԽӴصϢ
ĪĪҲЩݣĪͲ˵ˣĪʯңЩΪһҲõʯҲ˵ͬһЩ̫ҪϢĪżҲܽӴһ㡣
˶һλԪɾǿߵζʲôѾĸ߶սˣֻһɣ˵Ҳǳ󣬴Сǿн죬ͲһͣͨһĻ۲ǿʢġ
ϲֳĪĪ˶Īӹϲеɫϲ֮⣬΢һ㸴ӡ
ôȥ粻ǵ꣬ںܶ飬ǶˣͺñĪ֪ԼһũŮӣںʯ˳֮ʯҲûзԣܿµһԭ򣬾ΪԼĪֳ
ЩʯҹԽԽã󲿷ֵԭԴúܵλĪʱҲ룬ǷҲĪӵԭ
ͬģĪҲǳԼĪһֳԼĺôݺôܾã䵽ԼĶϡ
ΪǣΪĪӸ˵ͬʱҲΪЩôеӡ
ʼգĪ˶һȡߣûлرʲôȻĪҲҪǻرʲôϣǶٻеЩ
ĪûôģĿ⿴ɽɽվɽͤУԶĪˣĿڵ
Ҳûʲôùϲģɣֻ·ֽһһ㣬ͬʱҲøˡ
ٹЩ꣬ҾҪǰ֮ϣȥķ羰ˣһȥ֪ʱܻҲ֪ٻʱ򣬻ܼϤ˺
Īӵ仰ĪࡢĪɫҲЩ΢΢ĶݣеĶǰټ֮޷
Ī໹һЩƾҽҵĵλδֻҪֹǰܹΪĹףҽȡߵĵλпܻλ
ĪҪλ뷷⣬ԼûУһ꣬Ҫȥֻصġ
ҲĪһȥٻʱһоѾ˷ˣĪӻϣǸʱһЩԼϤĶڣҲϣϣʼջһѪ飬Լ˴ڡ
Ī˵仰֮һӳĬˣû˵ֱɽĪǵĻЦŴ˳Ĭա
ףƯɽĪ꣬µ÷֮̾˽Լĸ׵ĻϲĶ˵
˵еɽȻ֮ее㲻һɷǳƯʹĺơ
ɽ֮Ī귢֣ɽϣȻмĺӣԼһСһɣ˲оԼҵ飬ϲˡ
Īĸ׳ͷЦſ˵ȵϣƯǹ
Īĸ׵ĻĿȴһԵĪӣԴһЩĪ󲮣·ȷĸ׵Ļ
ĪӶ˵ͷȻɨһͬɽɣʲôжԱȲŻв࣬ò˵ĪֶӣȻɻҪһ֮꣬£ȽСǸиںͯ档
Ȼ͵ĺı֣۵
ûע⵽ĪɨĿ⣬ڿĪĸ׵Ļ֮һĨĽ֮ɫȻԭվƬ̣ĵת뿪ˡ
ܶණʧȥ˲Ŷ󣬾ͱ˵ĸ׵ĻΪȽۣеʱ򣬻᲻ϲĸǰڻ÷۵ĵӣĸױһΣͳһˡ
ɶ뿪ûãû˵ģһֻ־ʹͷͷһϤ
˰ɣٵһȣҪ̫ã飬ͻӰصģʱͿˣɱᣬҵĵӣҪǿ޵ϡﻩģΪʦɶǸˣ
˵˵Ȼˣ˼֮ˣȻܹע⵽ԼͽܸղĽԹһ
ڶ͵ĺӣ뿪ĸ֮ͲȫУȻɵʦȻҪԼĵӣ涼Ҫġ
ò˵ȻеʱЩѣʱͦ׵ģڽͽⷽ棬ҪǿһЩ
ɿվԼǰڣȻоһůڵ֣û˵κλתɽĲȥ
뿪ıӰҡҡͷȻת߻÷ۡ
ҹĻ٣ɽϿգǹⲻϵĽ䣬ǹ£ǹ֮еɽͷ·ǳĳһƬɫǻ֮УԵء
ĪʯΡ˶̧ͷգԴԴ˵ǹ⣬Īɣϻһ˿˷֮ɫ
ǵһμĳ֮࣬һ̣ڵɽǸĸнɽ׵غһ
һҹ˯ñȽΪǶЩ˷ܣԶԸȥ˯ڽ뷿֮󣬽ŷаĹЧҲܿ硣
ڶһ磬˲ã֮еӣͱǸԵĸĸ
˯ۣĪһ߳˷ţ֮󣬱峿һСһܿˡ
˯÷ǳ֮ԸղŻһ룬ֻǸո˯ѣС̰˯ˣ
߰ɣȥ÷ۣǿҪˣһϿΣһҪúĪĸ֣һ÷ȥһ߶˵
ĪҪڿΣĪȤǳ˼
ȵ÷۵ʱĪ꿴֮⣬÷۵ͯбԼСһɣԼʯΡҶˡ
ĪӿĪ꣬΢Цͷʾ⣬ȻҲǰļͯһǰȻ󻺻Ŀڵ
ѧʼ֪ѧȻΡɽΪܼǵĻ᲻࣬ҪһЩɽϣÿϣΪһÿΣձǵһÿΣѧϰҪ
Ī˵꣬Ϳʼǰļ˽
ΪҪǰ⼸ͲĺӣĪӶǳ׶ԣԼҪĵġ
ΧҲĪӽ⼸ӽĵһÿΣȰѧ
ȰѧͬĪҪǽΪζѧѧãѧΪݽǽѧϰҪ
ΧĪţҲԣǳͬʱСʱƤĪӴȥʶ龰㱼ǰһĻ͵ơ


İٰʮ ֮
ĪʯΡɽϴ˴Ű£ڼ䣬Īÿ϶һΣݣ漰ܸ֪ʶ඼Ϊ˴µĵ
ЩĪӽķǳϸ£½Ӵû˸ǳģһЩӦ˵˵͸
ͱѧϰ±ʲôѧϰǷ飬ΪζѧѧϰЩǰûиǽĶǶĪõ˴𰸡
̶̰µѧϰʯΡĪ궼ǳп
ʱ䣬ǲûһֱɽϣǸʱǴɽ£ºӹ㸸ĸ˳ȥӸټѧðݷʦͬҪ߶һ£һѧ΢ΪӹҲΪʵ
û˺ߣǶⰮ˱˴˴һʱ⣬Ļᣬ˺֮󣬾ͷǳˡ
֮ĪҪĪ뿪ˣһҽҪȥݣӰ̫ãϾĪ⹫һңҲܾûмˡ
֮ǰĪӸĪ׼һһСҩ䡣ûĻĪԺҲҪҽѧϰģȻĪࡢĪ˺һЩҲֻ֮ʣܵӰ죬Ҳû·뷨
ĪСҩһпռ䲼֣һССҩϻһ㣬ѾһЩҩҪǣĪԪ«УˮǹˮĴ󲿷ˮպҽа
Ī࿴Ŷ۲Ļã෱ˮͱȽˡ
ĪСʱòϣգҩ仹Ī׵ʱΪ档
Īһ뿪ֹʮңĪһҲ׼ˡ
ԴԼĪȻܺ˱ˣҲΪ׼һ
ΪʯӵܣʯΡѧҲʳңʳҵ⿱죬ȻǲܲѧģԣĪӸһ׳ߡ
ôЩĳߣĪ͸ʯΡ׳ߣҪĶˣǵ߾״ʮѣһЩĳߣʯ˳Ҳǰδоϡ档
ĪӴµĽ˹úʯ˳ЩЦãȻĪӺģûоЩĳߣжã׵ߣʳһѧӣвûеЩȫãʵûרŪô൶ߵıҪ
˵ߣЩ߻ǺܲģܹСʳĵĹȵȡ
˵Īӵʯ˳ʯΡģ⣬Ƕܸܵ
ĪĪ˶ˣõºӹļУ±ˣָ֮УĪɽҪϰһˡ
ɽϣĪӿǰһͬʱʶżԵñճĬĸĸԭеĴ㣬ͱƷˡ
ĪԭĴ㣬ҪǰͻؼУøĸ룬ʶ֮еĻ棬ĪӾⲢһõѡ񣬽͵ĸУп˶˼ˣӳϰƽӵʱ䡣
ͷǰĻĳǵĪӼеСԺ۵һԲ磬еˣյһۿܹܵ͸¶ܰ
ĪԼƷ滭ˮƽ㲻ر߳Ҳ൱ˣôĪҲ̹黭֮λ黭ҲѧһЩ
̾һĪӽеĻȻԼպã׼ԺлʱٽûȥɣֻͲ֪ʲôʱˡ
ĪࡢĪ뿪֮ɽϵֻعյƽĪҲʼԼ
ֻ¿ʼ֮ĪӽʱܰϹƵİȻٴһ˿µĸһ˿µĸĪӵΪССĽڵķҲ˲١
ĪͻԪ֮󣬵ҲһʱˣǶԪ˵ô̵ʱ䣬ճɾԪɵߣҲֻԼ죬ûô̵ʱڣΪСȽ
һ˿ٴĸĪӶԼһֱΪ˵ͬУҲһЩ
ˣҲˣΪ˵ϸУҲ壬Ĳ֮ͬһ
ϲŭԹϣ顢顢飬ΪЩϸУֺϡƽ£Եô˸УΪ˸УŻйطϲãϲŭԹŻϣֵĸԡ
е֮УӦ侲Ҳ֧ܵȺúͳһΪ͸飬¶ģõһ档
ûǸУǸֲ֮УĥĶ³ΪˣȴɶˣЩȻڣȥͬҲǱþʡ
ͨ˵վžͷģѪȴǿģһ׳ɳδһҲһеĴݽС
ĪӲȵԼԺΪﵽһߵĳ̶ȣĳϵʱ򣬻ͷһ羹ȻûмԼ׽ˣͲ˼ź
ͨһΪĽĪӶɾԺҲʶø̡
ڽɾԺΪĽҪʱۣ̣ȴͨһЩڵԽΪĽҲԽ졣
һƺʹ֮ǰû̫𣬵ʵȻԪɾַ֮øֱˣڵǳķܲɷֵϵ
ڣĪӸΪʲôڴ֮ǰЩĴŵӣԸ⻨ʱ;ðһΣգԲȻٿԪɾ硣
ԭֻĺôܹڽԪɾ֮ӵиӻķҲɾУӶһ
ʱϰȴԪɾʡȴǧĿ๦ĺôĪѾĸܵˡ
ΪȡСȵĽ֮󣬺֮УĪӷԼˮľ֮򣬾ͺøһ㣬ٶûзŻǱøһЩ
ĽĪӵԤϣҲޱȵľϲ
ĪԼͨʹһ׶Եʶ
Ϊ֮죬Ϊ֧֮֮Ϊ֮ĩڡ
֮ǰ޵ͺñʩչ֮ʱҪ䣬֮ķͺñǷѾˣڵڷȻҪ䣬Ϳʩչ
ȽĴͨĪӾãͨӦǵ֮Ի߱ߵСͨҲ߱컯֮棬ͨ꾳ɢޣһСͨȫԭ顣
ͻԪɾ֮ĪԼҲ֣ǹˮͨ˸Ҳڲ֤һ㡣
֮;ԪУԭˣĪи̾


İٰʮ ǳ춯
ɾ֮ĪӸоԼøƽˣһʱԵԼûб仺Ļõĺô
ԼڵٶȣĪӹƣܰҵʱ䣬ԼΪܹﵽɾڡ
֮ԽԽѣҵʱ䣬ܹͻһС磬ٶѾ൱ˡ
ǰһ׶εĻۣΪһ׶·ĪڵĽٶȣĪӸԼ̵·ҲֻĽķݶ
ĪࡢĪ뿪ԼңǸͨټѧõһűһƽĪһĿǰݣҪҴһʱ䣬ĪһңѾʯ˳ȥµĵطˣڸտʼӹ
ºӹĸĸʱҲָƽϰŮ뿪֮󣬼аա
ĪĪ˸ԱƽĻţĪҲ˶ϣǲصģʱҲٻȥ
µʱ䣬ĪѾΪԪɵϢ紫ˣӰصİպ֪֮󣬴ҶеǳˣҲųɾԪɵĪӣʲôʱͷ
һĩʱͷۼҪ̫࣬Ҷϣܹһ˲
ȻˣҲĪӣĪˣڴеĵλֲһˡ
Ǵݵ޸֮ڱصĵһλԪɣٶȼ죬ͬһ貵ǣǸע⵽ʱ򣬾Ѿһɳˡ
Ԫɱͼǰò֪ôһλһݱصӵܣȻܵ׷
Īӿͷ¾ۼҲţǲҸʱ䣬ǰһ£ͬʱҲȰȰЩˣ˵׷Լ
ʱ䣬϶ѡڽ⼸£ԼɾԪɵϢոմЩǴֵʱԼȰ˵ڲʹֶε£пܻʵ䷴Իǵһʱɡ
ߣ⼸ʱ䣬ͷڣԴӵɵʦ֮ʱСԵҲͬĪʱʱȲĽƵʡ
Ľٶܹô죬ĪӾãʦ֮ɸѹйء
Ȼʦͽˡгദ֮УǰǱ̵Ǹɵʣǹɲ۲ӵľͬҲʦģеǳѹ
ŵڣô̵ʱ֮УΪѾﵽڣѾ׷÷ͯΪȡ
ɵʣҲŬĳɹ
㣬ʦȻҲ̫ƤЦ̰氮ֵڣʵҲһǳҪǿˡ
֪ԼʲѣҲһ죬ܻᱻԼʦֶ͵ӳʺٵĲ࣬ڲ£Ҳû̫õİ취ֲһҲȻ
ڲܽܣԼԭΪԼŬ
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˿ô̵ʱڣΪѾﵽڣһѯ֮󣬷ѾѧôĶڵʦ˲Ĺ˲١
һ»صӰأɵĸĸӰشһʱ䣬һʱ䣬ܾܿꡣ
ʵѾĴ㣬ǻӰһֱʮҵʱΪմŵĹأǸʱûпҪ뿪ˡ
Ȼ޶˶ãɵʣܿһأĲ̫˵
޶ҪӰأȥǽӴһ£ǰæһͷ÷۵ĵ̡
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飬ɵĸĸȻˣ÷ۣҲ÷µĻӦûԼĺЩôɡ
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Ϊʦ˵ҪͲҪ̫ż̬һҪƽͣԽżԽٶͻСƽʱ࿴Χͻݣ˵˵ϣȻɹˣ÷е÷£һžƺһСžƣһ߶Ե˵
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ԣҲż쿪ʼɴĴ߿ݰٿͷǳǿǺĺ嫣Ŷţ
ڵĻ˵̧꣬ͷͷգͻȻͷֲˡ
˿еǳâͻȻ÷ǳȻƲϻ磬ĳ̶ȣǳҲոˣеһ֣ۿɼٶȿٵƶš
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Īû̻شڵĻֻ̧ͷգЩڱ䶯λõǳ˫ɫĹâ
˴Լʮʱ䣬Īſڵдߣǳת켣ôϧˣ
Īӻ䣬ͷǿգͻȻ˵ɫĹâЩڸı켣ǳЩɫĹâ֮λֹͣˡ
ţЩɫĹâɢȥԭǳâҲͷǿգָֻ˱ӡ
ĪӿͷǿգȴܹĿ壬ǿѾ˱仯ǳλñˣԭǳתĹ켣ѾһЩ仯
һֱ۵֣ɽǣǳ֮󷨣˿ǳ֮ղѾһЩȻ̫ԣȴܹĲ


İٰʮ 
ǿգ֮󣬾ͳĴӪҲǿ֮Ψһİڵ壬Ҳǿ֮ռ˲ٵǳ
Ī֮ǰ羺˵ǿ֮Уռ˶ʮĿŴǣǣԼһЩ΢СǳҲռȵǳռݵӦࡣ
÷£Ī̧ͷգҹǿշĪӺô£дڵǳתĹ켣
ֶΣԳƵеĹͼ󣬲ϧǣԷձֹˣֻһǳתɡ
ⷽ磬ǿձķռݣǳת켣δͳһλ޾ǳ֮ͼֻǿϧˣⷽǳ֮Ŀǰһ·Ī÷µϣһҡ壬ֵָһߵķϣߵţͬʱ
ǳ֮ĪʵҲԵģֻĲڶǳ֮Ӧãû漰ǳתɡ
ԴӵѪҹأ羺˵Ƿ֮ĪӾʶҪ磬ǳ֮ߵĺԶһܵ·
ڵ壬ռһֵǳҪǳйɣһ£еκһ˶ռǿգȺǡ
ҹλߣжŸոտʼẕֹ̌ˡ
ԷҹľٶջһЩӰģǿ֮µǳ֮ҪϡһЩ
÷۵󷨱ǣǳ֮ģһϵķȽǺڵˣҲͨǣǳ֮ϸ΢ı仯
ʵӰ첢̫÷û̫Ӱ죬÷۵󷨣ĪһǺˣҲܹǳ֮ǣǳ֮õǳ֮ȫá
ĪڱȽϹĵ⣬ʵҹֵλߵݣ֮еһ
ȿȷһ㣬λӦò壬ǣǳ֮٣ӦһЩ
֮УĪӸопܵӦ壬ǿ֮еʵǿʱڵ㣬棬ڤĻȣҲӦе㷴Ӧ
Ͼʱûһ㷴ӦǾͻһҪ֮ĸо޷⣬пܱԡ
ⳡ֮ûκһ⣬˾ǿյ壬֮УʵռƵһΪļ飬ȫǳɾ컯ߡ
ϧˣ֮ϵڻһĨڣٰ֪һ˼ţĪҲͬʱҡͷ
ոսɾ磬֮϶ûȥ˵ͥĿǰûԼµϢܹȡ֮ϵϢ
뵽ͥĪԼѾյԼĿǰյĵһҲΨһһ󣬲֪ʲôʱͥ˸ԼϣһԼ󷨵ա
˼ţĪͻȻĿһܵɽ⣬ͻȻһǿϢϢЩϤƺӴ
ʳǨ
Ժ΢΢һ£ĪӾϢԼӴˡ
ͥǨǰݷĪѣĪӷݵʱǨҲͬʱ
Է󣬾ͺƽ˵һȴǳĴ󷨣ĪӵĶС
£ĪվһɽΧ󷨵һݣԼҲǰһ˲䵽⡣
һ⣬ĪӾͿվ֮еǨԷԼϴμʱû˿ı仯ɣΪǷнĪӿ̫ˣΪϴμǨʱԼֻ񾳽ѣû̽һԪɵĵϸ
÷Īӣǰ
Ǩ֮Īûԥ̶ԶԷһͬʱɰԼŵ˱Ƚϵ͵λá
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ĪѿΪѾɾ磬ǰ־ˣһԵΪãǨĪӣλ䵽ĪǰȻ󿪿˵
ĪҲӡ󣬵Ǹֻ񾳽ʿڹ֮Уֳֶκ͵ʶһɢ֮ʱͶĪӺܿãû뵽Źô̵ʱ䣬񾳽ɢޣˣΪѾɾ硣
ˣǾͼ޵ѣ𻰣ǨĻĪҲ˳ˮۣƺ˵ѡ
𾴳ƺԷһǰǿƺǲԵһ˿ģǷŵԼҲ˾ӡ󲻼ѡ
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ĪԷĻ΢Цſ˵䷿ʦסҲϰˣһֱͱţõѼЦˣ
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޵Ѹղᵽķѣ˵ĿǷ羺ѣ
ǷѣԭҲҪפѪҹأԽˣĪˣĪӷǳϵĻǨ˳ˮۣԼһĿϡ
֪ѴΪ£ĪӿǨʵ
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ջſʲôʱû뵽ˣǨʳ⣬Īжʱ뵽
󣬴ҵǲĲˣֻǣûв֮δʵĪӱȽϽĻش
ʵ̫ˣȱĲ֮ͥѾҴˣ˴Ƿ֮ͥĪѲ󣡡Ǩ˵ţ̯̳֮һɫСԲ
ɫСԲڣԼƯһЩһЩǷҲЩǲϡ
Īһ£Щ֮ǷȫЩΪĪѲȫǨһ˵ţһ߽ɫСԲٿĪӵǰ
ĪȿǰСԲ򣬷һֿռֶΣСԲһʱȶСռ䣬ƾСԲڵĿռ䣬ԿŪСԲˣڿռ֮ϵ֮ǿֻǲ֪ǨֶΣֶΡ


İٰʮ 
ϸǰСԲ֮ĪûȥֻǷųʶ̽뵽ǰСԲ֮У鿴Ķ
ɫСԲ֮УռĴССзԲңĶ࣬ԿȽϿտ
ĪƷƺõķһңƷ׶ƷҹܷǳĵһȫΪ׼ġ
Ʒǳ˼ͨķôȶģΪеıǱǿѹɵģͺñԭôϵƴͼǿǿƴһּ򵥱ֶΣĪӸоԼǴ۽ˣԭô棡
ַʽĪԼҲֻܹûôǰƷʱ򣬶ϸϸ֣ܽÿһλ㷨ϵĽɽƵÿһģݵ֮󣬲Żᶯּûƹôµķ
Ժ󷨵ʱƺҲôȻƹķûʲôĿռ䣬˵ܹŪһЩЧرķҲ㲼裡о۽Īӣɵ
ռеƷķ֮⣬ʣµĶ඼ǲˣĪӶܹҲû⣬ٲĪûģ󷨵Ҳ֪ʲô
ΪģӦþʮɲļʯˣĺĲˣڲɻȱĶҪĻǳ鷳
ԲСռڵƷоȫ㹻ˣĪӱջʶŶǨͷ
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ĪӼ겼ֱȥﲼ󣬶ûԹǨһĨ֮ɫȻֱӿڵ
ҹǿĪӦע⵽˰ɣ
Ǩ仰Ī΢΢ͷͬʱһ²ԼĲ֮Ӧúҹǿ춯йء
Īӵͷ֮ǨʵĪѿ֪ҹǿǺԭ򣿡
ǨƺҪӣĪҲ϶Էܴе֪һЩϢĪҲֵˡ
Ը꣬޵ѽ󣡡Īӿ˵
ҹǿдǳй켣Էֻһ֣ͱֹˣͶԷһ֣Ѿǿµǳ֮٣һ㣬ĪѾˣǨ˵ţĪӵͷּ˵
λǳй켣ĴߣΪߵļλ֮һпܳɾ컯һλϳǿ֮顣
Է֮ǰܶΣҪӸУظռݵĴǺǣϧһֱûгɹҹԷľٶҪһЩͥ²⣬ԷһͼܲҪظеռǳ壬³棡
Ǩ˵ֹסˣЦĪӣȴ˼һ¡
ĪӴ˿ڿٵת˼ǨԼЩ
ϳĪӻǵһνӴǨ˵Ļλ飬ǵǿ֮Уĸ֮һ׷컯֮λĴߡ
ǳ֮Ī֮ǰѾǹڵǰĻ£һͨ·
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ˣ֮ʵƵģˡ壬尡֮Уܹ׷컯֮λģĿǰֻôһλѣǿЩ飬ȴʸ񡣡
֮£ǳ֮ϳǿСһʱվֻΪĿ⣬ָ׼
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ǨĿĪӳ˼ֱע⵽Īӵ¶һĨȻ֮ɫʱżڵ
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Ǿ˵ǰĵطڤ֮ˣĪԣƽĿ˵
Ǩ˵ͷͥϣĪѲĵص㣬ȷڤ֮Уڤ֮ԽԽ̫ƽˣһҲҪ׼Ӧ֮һҪȥİȫ
һЩ㣬֮տʼҲڷŸ鲻̫֣Ծ뵽󷨣ķѹ
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һǵȷ鲻̫֣һ棬ӦҲǻƽĿǡ
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ȻԽԽˣһȥҪգĪѿȺµĵӽһ£ȻٳǨ΢ЦŻش
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ǨĪӵĻҲûпڻشֻЦ
ǨϵЦݣĪӾ֪ˣĸλ֣ȻûзɶλԣͲöԷðͷȻʰ
֪һ㣬Īӳ׵ķˣվǨһ˵һ䡰Ƭ̡ȻʹǺڵ˹
ȵ˹֮ĪӽԼҪǰڤһʱϢ߼ˣ΢һЩ飬׼Ǩǰڤˡ
÷򣬼ڡǣҲûʲôģƽһͿˣĪԼɽϵʱƽҲô¶
ǣֻһЩŵ£΢עһ¡
ܿЩ飬ĪӾ׼Ǩһǰڤˡ
ǰڤ֮ǰĪóòõĵӡ׼ǰڤͨ
ǨһĻ΢΢ЦЦȻһӡǰٴһͨ
ͨڤԺҽ䴫ڸĪѣӡĪλ֮󣬻ǽصĹԱɣȵ֮ϣʳķȾûˣ


İٰʮ ͨڤ
ڤ֮УһƬţ֮˺ڰͻɫ֮⣬ͺѿɫˡ
ͨڤˣ֮ڶ˶գʱһ£ɷգǨһջ֣һ߶Ī˵
Щ޵ѣĪǨͷл
Īû뵽ԼǨոڤջ񣬶ջǴǨ
Ժ֮жһɷĪӾջǲģȵԼ֮ϣܺ׵ڤС
˳֮ǰǨĪóӡ׼ڤͨľٶʱ˵Ļʵûʲô⣬ֻǾóɾִ֮ڤͨķʽʵ궼ûмˡ
ڤ֮Ǩ̽һɷĪӡɷͨڤԪɾǿߣרǰڤһɷڸжԪɾϵǿߣͨڤ
ͨڤĪӸоѣȻ漰һռ֮ӦãǴеѶ˵ĪԴĿľɹ⻹ҪһЩ
Ⲣ˵ɷǡǡ෴ͨڤľɹ˵ҪӾһЩڻ
ֻǴɷ˼ɣѧϰǰڤĽý֮ǸӼ򵥡
Īѿڤ֮Уȡһý飬ԵѵʣܿѧͨڤǨڴĪͨڤ֮Īӽ͵
ĪٴεͷӣִӵץһѴ֮е
ĪֻץһǨҲû˵ʲôͨڤͷǳļ򵥣νý飬һЩ˵ҲǿпޣһϢҲǿԵģҪĵֻλá
ڵڤ֮УĪӸǨ󣬿ٵڤĿзУľ󣬾ͺĪڤʱһɫͺɫԶɣΧҲѹ֡
;֮УĪӵҲɫʣԽɫΪһЩ򣬱һ㵭⣬лӻһЩꡣ
;һЩطլû֮ڣЩطЩꡢ˵ҲǾѵ֮
;Īע⵽Щµķ϶֮ڣһЩеУһЩɪɪĻ壬ʵΪĹޡ
ĪӼǵԼһθ÷ȥڤʱ򣬾ͼڵµķ϶ǳĻ壬ʱ÷͸߹СЩǳĻ壬Ϊкܾܿһޡ
ĪӵٴοһĻƾΪ׾ٵľֱܷвĹޣʱʦʱ˵ĻǶôȷ
ڤеĹޣԴһλʳ˹һֺǰ޹صĹޣҲһЩǣʣµľͲصĸˣڤеĹޣѾǰٵĶˣټҲˡ
Ҳ⼸ʱ䣬ӶλЩ޿һµĹվϣڤֿʼй޵Ӱˡ
֪һ˹ʲôʱܼʦһ棿Ǩ˴ԼаʱңмĪӿ˲򣬻ϡϡլв뵽÷
ڤ֮ԴӦôɴ࣬һĪ֪Լѣһ棬Ҳû÷ȷһʦİȫ
ԴĪͻԪ÷һֱûֹԼĵӳԪ£÷ҲûлҪ֪ĪӳɾԪɣҲ÷һֱһԸ
ˣڴ˴
Ī飬Ǩȴ˶УĪӿٵķӦŶԷһͣסΣĿ·
ƬڤأһȥȫһƬκլĴڣһҲȫȫһƬš
ĪȴܹΧ֮żϢеһϢҲﵽԪɵĳ̶ȡ
Ī˶Է֮ȻתͷһǨ
ĪӵĿ⣬Ǩ΢ЦſڵҶ˷֮ͥǰ˵ز
Ǩһ䣬ղĪĿעӵĵطһƽէ֣һĸߴӣͳĪ˵ǰ
ĪϸŶԷֻĸߴüĴһǳӵӡУϳϢ֮⣬Ի߱Ũľ֮˵ĸоԷǰһλĽ졣
֮󣬽ţΧֳ˼⣬¶λӰȫУһ佫Ĵ硣
̸λѣĸߴĪӶһ˵
̸岮Ī֣֪̾ǰ֮˵ݡ
ǰ飬ǵڶʳִڼ뷷һλ飬Էһλǳսս֮ʱηűҴ֮ʣֻϧӢţʮ꣬սսϡ
̸սʱȻ󣬿Ǿսȴ٣Ĺѫ뷷ΪƷλû뵽ôȥˣԷȻѾƷλ
𣡡ĪӶŶԷһ񣬲ȴһ˿
ǰλڤͥˣվڵڶʳһȻڻԼôǷһЩɡ
Ǩƺǰ̸ڴкֺ֮ͶԷ̸˼䣬ȻŴĪ䵽ϣĪӿʼ׼Ǻ̸һվڿУĿԶƺڷЩʲô
ĪʶΧɨһȦȷΧһЩսۼûȫɢϢ
һ֮ĪҲû̫⣬ܹԼﲼǾ˵˴Ҫصĵط֮ǰйսҲģԪսԼԼҲҪʲôֻҪúԼ󷨾ǡ
̯Īӽ֮ǰǨǸСԲ˳еĲƷһȡõĲʱĪӸоеСԲʼòȶóһƷöɫСԲҲ֮ͬһһˡ
ǺֶΣѾʧСԲĪӲɵٴ̾һԷֶʵһȶʱСռ䣬ҾСռ֮ʱҲܿϢһʵס
ٿŲƷԼǰſĪֱֻͬʱֵ̧̧˲䣬ʳָİڶһööķָİڶѾָԾȻС
Ǩ̸ʱһֵעŵĪӵϣһעΧһҲϸĿĪӵĶ֡
費õʱ䲻һβ󣬲֪ܷɹ̸ĪӣͬʱߵǨ˵
ǨԣϺɫĻӦ޷ﻹΪԤݲ裬²ʧˣЩҲٵˣҲνλᣬʣӦܳɣ
ΣͥԴ˺ܿð̸ЩĿߵǨ
ǰλĪѣ֪Ѿ˼λǰۣĴߣҲǿãǨһ߻ӦţĪӵĿУҲһ˿Ľ֮ɫ


İٰʮ 
̸ڲĪӣǶĸ߿һۣܹ˽ɾϸֵۣȽɾǿ߿ãԿ˵Īűõɵġ
֮ǰҲֻ˵Īһ½ԪɣʺֶζͥãֻԹעһ£ȴû뵽ᱻõ̶ֳȡ
ڲ󷨵Īӣ̸Ŀ֮Уһ˿ӣ뿴ĪӵЩܹЩǰķۡ
ĪȫûйǨ̸ˣȫľ˲ϡ
Ȼڴ֮ǰǷ֮мصѾȫ͸ˣҲ㹻ģֻҪв£ܹ󷨲óʵ֮ʱĪӻ÷ǳСġ
󼶱󷨣µ˵ʵһôģǾǾ󲿷ֵ󣬶ڲ֮ȫûκޣֻҪ£㽫䲼֮УҲδɡ
ûвصƣⲢζѶȻήһЩǡǡ෴ѶȻߣӵԲá
Ī˫ʳָϵİڶһööϸСķģϵָԾȻƯǰĿռУʱţĵԽԽ࣬ܿͽΧǵ顣
£ĪʶҲʼãͬʱһĶãٿԽԽķģ˴˿ʼϱ֯γһķ
ͬǰſĲ֮˿ҲĪӵʶٿأʼ䶯Ʒλãһ۳ɵķʼЩƷ˴˼Ҳһ
ĪڵķʼתһɫĹââ׼ȷ䵽һɢĲƷϣŲϵһЩƷʼͬһʱ̱߷
ĪͻȻַ˲Ͳ֮Ĳ࣬ǾǶڲ߲ٿҪ
ڳɾԪ֮ǰĪҲͷֻһĶãǾûа취ͬʱô顣
ҪдģҪ֯һķģʹϳɷҪٿЩĲƷʼγ󷨣Щڶܳ
Щ飬Ƿǳķ£ɾԪ֮ǰԺ֧ţҲ֧Ų˶ãһЩڳɴ˿ɼԪ֮Ĳ࣬ȷһʵľ롣
þķҲ̫ոͻƲõӰ̸һֱעĪӵĶٿĪʩչʼƶЩ֮ʱ̷Īϵһŵ㡣
̸Ī˽ⲻ࣬Щ˽⣬ŵ֪ģ˽ЩϢ֮УĪǺʱɾԪɵģһػǺġ
һոճɾԪɲõˣڵķ˵ľٶȣͨԪ˵δЩ̫˰ɣ
̸õϢУĪӶɴʱÿһֽٿܶԲĲ²⣬˲;²ǳȷֻÿһֽٻԲڲܹĪӽٶôԭ
վԵǨȻҲע⵽Īӷ֮ǿҲû̫ȣ֮ǰǰɽʱ򣬾ע⵽һЩĪΪϵ⡣
ܹĸӣȻ䲻֮ǨѾעļĪڲõϡ
ۿĪӲḶ́ǨнѾһЩЩڽ֯ķģԼ֮䣬·һ˿֮һ˿
ڵϵջǨľϣϾ̽ĪӵĲ֮ȻǸӾջ
ĪӲĽȣҪȫ»һʱ䣬ڼ䣬ڷ֮
ĪһԽԽķǨԽԽרעƺҲӰ쵽һԵ̸ҲϸĿڲõ󷨡
һ󣬵ȷǱȽ鷳ĪӲϵĶģЩ֮УЩĪӵĴݶΧϱ֯ķģʼγ˹
ȷ仯ģƵķµķĪӵķݶ£ڲıʼչֳǵܡ
ƵЩˣϾǷڱһλԪɴݶ֮ҲܹС
ǣΧķ˿Ѿ˹ǿʼչʱ򣬲ûʲôƻֻΧһ磬ڤ֮޴ڵڤ֮ķ磬˷ɢ
ΧķδɢȻıðȻʼһʧ
ȻǲʧˣֻǰĪӵĲݣ󷨵Ĳƣʼûˡ
ΧķԽԽˣĪӵΧʼӴŰ紵棬ײΧҲԽԽз紵ġءʼΧ
ƱԽԽһԹۿ̸飬пʼǺǨͬվǿĪӲģǵҪػסΧֹ˴
ƣΧ»ᷢߵ˵Ҫֹ
̸Ǩ˿ǽ󲿷ֵľϣȻҲҪػĪӲ󣬵֮ȴǶĪӵһԱº㱨
ʱֹһĪӵΧѾǿΧʯĪӵΧϵķ裬Ī˰ΧУڷɳΧ֮еĪӣ˿ȴøרעˡ
Īӵʮָ趯ԽԽ죬һģԸӿٶȴָ⻬ȻͬԸٶȣƳһͨеĲ֮
֮⣬Ĳ֮ʱҲڿٵĺͷΧķͬʱʼ͸
ΨһȽ̵ģƽɢ֮еʮʯ
ʮʯΪɲļĲϣɲ֮УֻһĶʤӴ󣬾ͺĪڲõһŵ֮һ󷨵ĸǷΧǳ㡣
ʱ仹ڲϵţΧĿҲԽԽңΧڤ֮Χøں䡣
̸µЩ飬˿Ѿøӽ䱸ôĶҪ˵صĵˣıȽԶҲܹߵĶ
̸µЩ飬Ѿ׼󷨲óɹ֮ǰӭһսˡ
ѾڤĵһĹ֣ڷеĪӣʮָڶƵڿʼŻˣЩҲʼΧĵط죬ЩƷΧˡ
һֱûʲô仯ʮʯ渲ǵɫĹâ˿ƺҲøҫˡ
Щâ£ʮʯϣƺһЩεķʼ뵽ΧķС
ЩεķЩѸٵıУɵЧΧŰĿ磬һøǿˣԭڿеЩɰʯȻڷпʼø飬һЩӲʯͷǱһ룬Ͽڴһƽпڡ
˳ǨһĻ뵽


İٰʮ ɽ ɻ
ǨĪӵʣӦܹɹĲó󣬵Īӵһʵһоͽչ˳мû˿ĿĿҪһǳɵԤףжЩˡ
֪ĪӵõʱҲô̵ʱУ󷨳׵ĳ͸һξͽ˳óѾ㹻֤Ī֮ϵ츳
ǰŰĿУЩɳʯڿķ֮УԽԽϸҪεĸоǨʼԼעջء
ʱѾʼˣЩŰĿ磬ѾһЩʣа񣬲ЩɰʯҲǨûа취׿̽ڵˡ
Ǩ󲿷ֵעջͬʱߵ̸ͻȻüͷһ壬תͷԶͬʱϽɫƿٵ̧һ˽ɫǹǰ׳
ɫĳǹڤ֮еĺڰһ˲չֳķѹĪߣڱԽԽĿ硣
ȻһβĹٴڤеĺڰɵ߲ɼ֮ʱȴһֻͬŽĴεץסʹԴ
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һ𣬴߲ɼ뵽̸˵ĶУͬʱɵĽɫǹҲץסֻ֣ôֺݺݵˡ
һĶɫĳǹ룬Ȼ鿪ʧˡ
޵ڴػȥУ̸ߵǨ˵һ䣬Ȼһץ̳һ˳ǹ
е˳ǹͨɢŽ⣬Ȼһ֮ڽ֮УԼѪɫĹâת͸һ˿Σյɱ
СģǨ˵ͷ
Ѿ֪УԪ񾳽ϢֻһϢǿжϣ̸ӦӦˡ
˿̣ڲ󷨵ĪӣҲֵǵϢɵתͷǸ˫ɫĹâĪӺܿ㿴ڶȥգۼĹԽ˺ܳľ룬Ȼײһ

һ֮ͬʱ飬ŽӰ˿һξ룬Ȼֿٵײһ
ǵһײôΧȻ䱬ڰĻ֮Уһͬ˰Χɢͬʱ·ĵ棬Ҳȥ
ײ֮󣬶˿Ŀ϶Īӿ˺̸ֵӡ
һңϵƤְɫЩӷ׵飬ͬʱϴһַǳصĸоͬһߵɽһ㣬һǳ׶
ɽ񣡡Ī˫ĿѾ˶Էݡ
֮Уɽ΢һģʵʼǻ֮ʱݵЩɽ
ȻĽǻ۵ɣɽĳݣܿͱŤת˹һĹУҲкܶɽɱɻһЩûĲǰɽӦþ֮һ
Īͷֻһ߲󷨣һע̸ɽĽ֡
λڶײֿ֮󣬱˴ϵϢȻͰθˣ̸ϵϢͬǰһսɱ佫߱Ϣͬʱһϡ
λɽϵϢǷǳĺأͬһɽһ㣬Լһɽһȭǰ·ɽһ㣬ΧĿռҲú
̸ҲͬʵгǹһһǰƣһĨѪɫĹâǹȻǰ̳ǹڵĿռУȻը޾Ĺâܹ˸оһ޾ηս⡣
һײǹײģռ䶼·Ļζ̸ĳǹƿ˶ԷɽصһȴûܹɽɫƤֻڶԷɫƤϣһ΢мǰɽû˿Ӱ졣
һԵǨ̸ɽĽ֣עȴʱ̹עΧ˵ضôӦòֻһɽ񣬺пܻĸֹҪСĵķʱпֵܳ͵Ϯ
ĪΧĿ磬ǨĸоѾԽԽӽˣ֤󷨲õķǳ˳ҾɹѾԶˣʱ򣬾͸Ӳ˴Īˡ
ڤ֮Уƺʺ鷢ս˿̣ڷעսĪӣλĽ֣ͻȻڤ֮Уƺ鷢սλԺ޹˼ɵĽս
λĽ֣˫ûʹЩǿֶ֮Σȡ˽սķʽֵƵʷǳĿ죬˫ÿһ̺ǳǿ
̸ǰһλ佫ս֮ʱر͵֣һսȻǲö˵
ɽ񱾾ɽǿÿһ֮УͬɽѹһľȻҲóսķʽ
˫սƵʷǳĿ죬ʵҲ·𣬺ڶʱڷֳʤǱ˴˼սȴĪá
⻹ͻԪȾ֮󣬵һμԪϵĸֽ֣˫ȡǽսķʽ齻֣Ƕĵȴ̺ÿһι֮Уʹùǡ
ĪڿţȴߵǨʱȴ΢΢һָſָ⴦̳۵׵磬ưڶ׵ŸԲͬķһſĴһֶȥ
ֱʱĪӲŸоһǿϢԼ߲Զ֡
Ǩ׵ַΧУһ·ΧڰΪһĺɫӰ嵽׵ַΧڳ֡
źӰڳ֮ƺΧһƬڰĵһ㣬ΪΧһƬڰԴͷ׵磬ڿߵʱͻȻʧˣͷ·𱻺ڰĿռûһ㡣
ĪӿǺڰռĴѾ޷ǵӰòĸ֪ȴܹоʲô
һԭε壬αԷңͬһվţ¶һƬɫһ˫򣬶ԷݷǳһŲĴڣռһķΧҹŹֵǣĲſڣͬҲǱ鲼
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Ī̾ϳ޵ݣ֮еĶѪ֮һȽϡٵɻꡣ
ӵܹɵĴڤ˼ͨڤɴ۱ı£ǾǷǳǿ
ԻΪʳóɸֻ壬ܹͨɻٵĳɳ
Ǩ˿ҲֻݣɫΪҪǿһ㣬ǶԷĶѪۼսǰޣʵҪ
ںڰ֮У粶һ㣬ɢΣϢɻ꣬Ǩ˫ֻ̯ʳָ֮ϣʮ׹ָۣɫʼı仯òͬ


İٰʮ 
Ǩָʮ׹⣬ɫı仯Ҳ͸¶˲ͬĵϣÿһֲͬɫ׹⣬һǨĵκһֶΪ޵ĵѾǳˡ
Ǩ׹ı仯ΧޱߵĺڰҲ·ɢͺڰĻһָĺڰȡøѹ֣һҪһеĸо
ĪĲԶʱԼܹ֮еһļ£ǺڰԴͷɻ꣬ΪҪڵĪӸ̫߳ࡣ
һֵУǨȳˣʮɫĵ⣬绮ƺڰʮһһǰƣ뵽ڰ֮УֱȡԴͷ֮
Īֻһ̣ԼǰһƬ貵Ĺ·ڤеĺڰһ˲䱻׵ɢˡ

Ȼһ̣һͳֹŹֵ޺Īٴһּ¶ɾԪĪӶ˿һܵһ޺Ӱ죬Ӱ쵽
һ޺֮ĪӸղǰĹ˲ֱһƬڰںڰ֮У·ܹͨһйɻ꣬һ˫ͬڵͫףз·̺żµĺڣԼһǣ
ʱĪѾòԼԪ֮е鱦Ԫ«İԼӰ죬ͬʱҲջĿ⣬ȥעֻΪɻ޺ǨĽ֣»ԼӰ졣
ĪջĿʱǨ˻¶ɢ׹⣬ǰҲһɽͬ׹⣬ɽһһƬڰͬʱǨӰҲһ׹⣬źڰȥ
Ǩ˵ǿƽʱս֮ѡڰ֮УֻΪ˽սԶһЩҪӰ쵽ڲĪӡ
ĪӺܿ͸оǨϢǸɻڿٵԶԼҲܿʶǨͼĪȴûȫģΪ֪ɻ壬Ҫڤ֮УĽǣסһѵ顣
ɻ괩ڤ˼սУҲܹӳá
Īиͷʱ̸оԼΧĿռ˲һ󲨶ԭѾһξɻޣͻȻͳԼĲԶ
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ţֹ˴Լʱ䣬ɻ޵ϢֳԶȴûٺǨ֡
ǹעҵ֣˶ԷһССľ棡ĪȻһȻ
ںǨ֮ǰʹǨ⣬ʱԷֻЦ˼ȴѾĺȷˣɻ֮ͻȻߣֻǰйע֣˶Էһ档
ɻ޸ղżٵĪҲʶıܹɵ˼ڤеٶȻô죬ʹֻҪ󵽲ɵֿĶ֣Ϳɵ룬ҲսУ𵽾޴İȫԴܵ˵Ĺ
ΪĶѪƾһ㣬˵ɻǿˡ
һͬʱĪҲʼרעڲϾҪóɹˣʱпܵŵʱԲǴӲĽǶȿǣǴȫĽǶȿǣҪĽɡ
Īļӿٶ֮£ʮʯֵɫĹâ̱øҫۣЩεķҲԸٶȣ뵽һ󷨵ķ֮С
ģʮʯǱҲʼ͸׵û֮УΧܹЩҲͬٵʧ
ȵһȫʧһ̣ĪΧԭŰĿ磬һ˲øӿֲΧĴسڵϹһһɳʯڽЩɳʯ֮ڷвϵĽ飬ֱ۶
Ī˫£ǰʼٵɫķϵΧ죬ԭΧŰĿ磬ĪӿʼĶٶȲûб죬ǽı仺ˣڼʱڣֹͣЩûб׽ɳʯҲ֮䵽˵ϡ
ʱĪеķڱ䶯ϵϢҲղ뿪Īߣȥɻ޽ֵǨ˿ҲصĪӵߣעŵΧСĵķš
ǨȻСģȴû̫ѹղɻ޵ķӦѾ֤ڰйעĪӵ֣ĪΣգɻ޸ղŵı֣ҲͬǶڰеˣΣյźţδظ
ˣĪвϱ任ķǨ뵽
Ȼ֮û̫оɶҲ˽һЩģûв۹⻹еģĪвϱ任ķȻѾ˿ҪβʱӦϾҪˡ
Ǩðͷ󲻾ãĪвϱ任ķֹͣˡ
Īһ£ɢâҲһ˲ر
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ĪӵͳѾָƽΧһ˷һķ磬磬б֮ѷɫͬʱ࣬ûղһһƬɳ
һ𣬾ͿʼΧĪӷٵɢɢķΧ֮죬Ǩֻѡٵĺˣں˵ͬʱ˳ϵЩûΧ顣
εڶ̶֮䣬ѾĪΪĵķԲ֮ڣַΣյϢԶ̸ֵλɽҲ̷ֿĿ⿴Īӵķ
ٸӦڷɢ̸֮˫΢΢һѸٵתͷеĳǹǰһֵ̣ޱҫۣ˵ϢҲθһСض
ȻˣǾʹѾû˺֮ǣԳô˻ᣬŽǰ£ǨĪӸողɵ󷨣´пΪѽ
̸Ӧܿ죬ɽķӦҲͬ
̸ǹĵһʱ䣬ҲͬøҫۣһɽӰ֣ת˲仯һϵķ֣Ȼ󲻹̸һǹתܡ
̸ĳǹ䵽ɽĺ󱳣ǹ⴩͸ϵķ֣ƿϵƤϧǹֻ磬ǹŵԼ̸޾ηս⣬ȴһǿƻ˶Էڣһ˺
ƣ¶Է̸ֻĿɽԼ룬ȻҪ׷ȥ̸ȴⲢһõѡ
ԭ΢վһ£̸ջеĳǹȻٴκ󳷣Ϊ̶̵ʱڣķΧѾ쵽ߡ
һ֮ӵķΧ̸ֹͣ˷֣ֵķΧѾΧ
֮ڣۿڲһƬƽ˾ȫκεĲͬ˶֪ƬڵǶôΣա


İپʮ 
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룬ĪӿΧƽְɱĻϲɵ¶һĨЦݣһβ󣬹̻ǱȽ˳Ͷ󷨵ƿضȶԣм䲢ûгκ⡣
Χ֮ڣƽһƬʵѾ磬һۿȥ֮ǰûʲôϸ۲ĻɿԿһЩߣصʵڵϡ
ڰﷶΧγ֮Ƭ֮УϵѾҲκһɳʯˣȫƾһ㣬Ϳ΢һ˿⡣
֪γɵ򣬺㣬ж𣬻˵ĸǿһЩһ߿ΧĪ뵽㣬²֮Ĳˡ
ĪӲûм㣬֪㣬׻жΣգӴԪУû̫ἰʲôΣգĪӾã㣬ӦвԪɡ
ǣֻķΧĪȴоԼĲ£ܹвԪɣ΢һЩԪɣֻҪ֮УûֶܹѣĪȫͨ󷨽ĥ
ǰ磬㣬ֵķΧ㣬˵ҲӦøΣղŶԡ
ͻȻ䣬Ī¶һĨʧЦı飬ȻҡҡͷһʱЩţǼˣȻ⣡
Ĵʵܼ򵥣ĪֻǸղſǵʱЩţǼˣ㣬õ󷨣Ҫֻ㣬ҪɱһЩҪԭ޷ǲݶ֡
γɵȻһЩȴԱ׵ĲٿأӳȻſֲƽ״̬£ȴûбٿصģӲвСһЩ
Ī𵱳Ѫйصʱ򣬷羺֮ϵʱᵽһ仰˵֮УҲһЩĸ仧пСռ䡣
ڣĪӶЩ֮е⣬ѾЩˣͬʱо塣
ܹ֮нǿʢΪЩˣĬĬŵػڰΪڷ絲֮꣬׵İ
еЩͷѹ£Īб䶯ŷȻ󼸸֮䣬˾Ѿ뿪⣬Ǩ̸ˡ
Ҳ󷨳ɹˣл޵ѺػĪ˵ߣЦŶ̸˵
ϲĪˣ֮ϵ裬ﵽ˲ĳ̶ȣպ֮ϣĪƾ֮ܣصΪǨͬ΢Ц˵һԵ̸Ҳ䡣
󷨲ˣһǱҪչʾһ󷨵˳ҲЩϤһ󷨵Ĳݣڴ˲󷨵ãǰصѹܹһЩ֣Ͷ뵽С
ļ⣬̸ԼģĪֻվвٿء
̸󷨷ΧУ֧һҵʱ֮ûа취ҵ󷨵Ҳûа취ǿֻܶŷ磬󷨵ķΧ
̶һҵʱ䣬̸Լĵȴ٣Ҫÿʱÿ̶Ҫάŷͬʱÿʱÿ̶ģ⻹Īûзɱе¡
󷨵֮ǿ̸ȻǷǳĸˣߵķѹСˣҪӴͨȥʲôڣȥͺˡ
һȦػضͻʵǿ飬ʱ³Բߺ̫ࡣ
ֻǼ򵥵һ£ĪӾʹ̸󷨵Ĳ֮õҪע֮Ҳϸϸ˵һ¡
̸̶֮Īһ
Īѵ󷨣˴ķѹʵǶлˣ
ˣҲֻǷѣ壬ǰҲӦõģĪЦЦ΢΢һ˵
̸ˣݵĽӴĪӶķһЩԷʷϵԸǺϣһǳսҲûбֳʲô⡣
ҲΪ֪ʦǵʳϢо֪̫ܣĪȻô뵽
ڤҪĲ񣬳ûжãھѾˣǨĪӾͿˣ飬Ȼ̸Լ
һҪȥʳһ飬ĪͬȥΣ뿪̸ڵĵط֮ǨĪӷ˺һΣתͷĪ˵
Ī÷Ĺϵʲôܣ΢˽Īӵˣ֪Īʦ÷÷ǵʳһ顣
ǨͥˣͬҲǻʳĹڤУȥʳ飬˳ĪһȥǶԷͼƻõģҲ֪ĪӾԻһȥġ
Ȼ˵֮Īӱ̵ͷ
һڤ֮УǨ˵ĪҲȥ÷жԷһͬУ÷ӷһЩ
ڤһƬǳĵ򣬴ڵλãȥʳۼλãĪٶȣ;ҲҪٵʱ䣬˸·ʱУĪӲµ󷨣Ҳӭĵһʵս
󲼳ɣ̸µ飬мѾ뿪ˣȥĵط֧Ԯ뿪࣬黹ˣȻ൱󷨱ϾûоʵսôҪһ£̸Ҳ׼
ԵĶ飬ޣЩͬҲ󷨣̸ұ֤ʹ֮󣬻᲻ᱻԷƣӲ֮еãֱ󷨱ƣ
̸û뵽ǣĪӺǨ뿪ûжã飬ǰ̽ողɵ󷨡
ֻ֮ǰǸɽ񣬲ͬڶԷԣͬмλ飬Ʒ顣
⼸λ֮󣬳֮ǰɽ֮⣬ƺûжֵ˼ֻվΪԷѹ
ɽһĽ̸¶һĨɱ⣬ԷҪ̽һ󷨵רΪǣƣͬʱҲԱ⣬ͬΣյ£һʱʩԮ֡
ҪҪѶ飬ǰ󣡡̸µһ˵
ã̽ģ½飬ҲЩ飬ֻǣ󷨵ƣпܸԷһѵ̸һ˵ţһдһ⣬ʼݶ󷨱仯
̤ɽԭӲƣоܵĹǿֻһ㣬ɵ̸ʼݶ󷨵ʱΧԭƽ磬̱޿ײķÿһλ
̸Ĳٿ£Χɽó׵Ŀĳ̶ԽԽߣΧγһƬС͵硣
̶ֳȵĹɽ̾Ҫߣֻϧʱȴ·̶֮УЩ
Զ⼸״̾ҪʩԮ֣ǵһ֣ȴһ˲䳹׵ĿԭҪһξ룬ֶΣȫ񱩵ˡ
գһЩֶΣǽλɽ˳ֻʱѾһЩϢһء


İپʮһ ϵ
飬ŲԶγɵ϶Щء
ǲİ㣬ҲдǰССǵȴǸоΣա
ܹײٿص磬չֳЩǵϣ⻹ֻǰѣҲܹٿأչֳͿǿֲˡ
̸ŶǼλ飬رλɽ¶˿εĳŪ֮ɫڳĳԷ
󷨵ǳ⣬ƾ󷨣漸飬´ʱһǿҲ֧֮ܽŵԮˣ˵طѹ
ΨһеЩϧľǣղż鷴Ӧ̫죬û׵ĽɽУԷɵ˺ûô
֮ǰɽ֣֮ʱѾԷһЩСˣټϸղ֮Уɽɵ˺¶Էܹһӡ
뵽̸ϳŪɫתһĨЦ⣬ɽ˿ϵ˲أҲҪһʱָԼȫԲʱ䣬ƹ
ԷѡԼսĿԲЩԸԼһ⼸飬ʱھͻᱻǣ
ûô࣬Ʒϵ飬ҲôЩѣǶʱǣͻطһЩѹ
̸һսǳ¸ҵˣǰˣˣͷ֮ܿ͸ж
̸ҲһçײˣȻǰȥƣʼնԼһΪȫķΧ֮㣬һ⼸飬һֶԸԼƣͻ˻صС
˼ʱ⼸Ҳ֪ȥˣλƿҪָɽǺһЩ룬Ȼ뿪˳ó󷨵ĸ֣׼ǰԿܷ
鰲̸֮Ҳûټѡء
֪ƾԼ󷨣ԼǸˣߣܿҲó󷨵ĸǰ󣬲󷨵ĺô̸ȴ̵ĸоˡ
ֶܹã󷨱֮ǰôһȽѵõİʱ䡣
鲻̸֮Լ⼸գ󷨻õıϢֶͨδ˳ȥߵ飬ᶮġ
ֻҪߣܹ󷨵ƣʱȡƣʤƽջб
ַʽҲֻǽǰķʽⳡ֮ҪĻҪУһλ飬Ϊµ컯档
ĪӸǨһڤյʱ䣬˲ڵ˵ʳĿǰڵλá
⼸յʱ䣬Īڤ֮Уʱһˣ˵⼸·ҲĪӿڤи
ڤ˵ĵһӡ󣬾ֻкɫͻɫ¶ڵϵĺڻɫΧ޴ڵϢв֪ʲôطĻ壬ЩԪؼ˾ƺܵ
ȥϸĹ۲죬úÿһڤУͻᷢʵȻƵڤҪľһЩ
Ǩ·ЩӣĪȻֻۻʽĹۿȴѾڤӡĹ˺ܶࡣ
ڤ֮У¶ĻҺɫĴأʵҲźɽһЩĵطһЩĲľ
ЩľʵƵģҺܶ඼ֵƣȻǷŵ˼˵
ĪӼǵԼһμ֮омعһλܵشʿ֮Ȭ֮գڤУѰ޸˵ҩ˳ҵԼ裬޸ˣջһʲƵջ
Щڤ֮еĲľ֮⣬ڻҺڵ֮£һЩڤģҲͬкܶмֵġ
֮ܶڤҺɫϣʵǿôƶ񤡣
ĪӸǨأĿɨһȦΧµĵصΧڤطûʲôĪȴоΧϢǿһҲﵽƷĳ̶ȡ
Ī֮ΧЩ֮УһλǨĪһȻ˵޵ѣλĪѣ
λ飬ΧλƷ飬ԷһʿĴ磬ƹԱҲȽᣬüӡ˸оһλټѧӣһ顣
ǰ飬ĪǵһμҲ˶Էݡ
Ǻӹ
ʳʱ䲻Ҳ࣬Ʒµ飬Щ굹뷷˲٣Ʒϵ飬ֻô࣬ÿһݣʷŨīزʵһʡ
ǰ飬Īûв´ԷӦþǵʳļλ֮һġǺӹҲǵʳϧһλʳ
ӹǵʱʳ췴ʼ췴֮еʿˣʷ֮мأӹٶıڵʳ֮ٵĽ˸֮ҲƶսԣʳһƷǰһǳʿ
Ϊܿɹǣӹʵһ㣬ûʽټѧɵһֻ֧һسǴ֮ӣǰټѧɺļѧӣһѧĴϻۣ˸ĳĴҵ
ֻϧӹڴҵҪ֮ǰһνս֮УӢţЩꡣ
òᣬһʿ磬Ʒ飬ʳ֮УܹԵϺŵģҲֻӹˡ
𣡡Īӹһ񣬶ڶԷ֪Լ飬еκξȡ
Ǩʳȷòžȡ
˵ز˵֮λӹĪ΢΢һͷȻתһƣȻһǰȥ
Ǩ״ԥľ͸ϣ֮ĪҲֻܸϡ
ʱĪӿǰһƬֵ֪һλ򣬹ƽҪ˵ĵطӦþˡ
Դ֮ĦӾ֮ԭڤ֮Уһֱڶصĵʳ飬ҲڿԹˡ
ȵ˿⴦ĪӷƬΧͬһĤһ㣬ᱡָһַǳ͵ĸоɵϸ
Īһ伮֮˽ƷڹѾԽԽ걸ʼ߱СԣڲĿռӿ㣬һĤӦþˡ
ӹûиĪӹ۲̫õʱ䣬ֱӴǨ˽ǰ֮С
֮ӹתڶĪӺǨ˵
ڵ޵ѣ޵Ⱥȥ°ɣĪѣһ˹ӦʦģѾ֪ͨƬ֮ˣĪȥϢȴƬ̣ʦӦúܿ͵
ˣĪ΢ЦŵͷĿȴǨһۣλʳĹͻʳ֮ϵҪ֮е
ֻǲ֪Ǩˣ͵ʳϵȽͥ


İپʮ ڤ
ߴĻͬ£ĪӺǨ˷ֿǰӹŵĵطϢŲн֮䣬ĪҲע۲һ֮еĻ
˲֪˭ڵĿռ䣬ĪӵĸоһСһ㣬ǹô걸ģ֮еˮľ֮ǳǳԣЩ죬ĪȲ⡣
֮УĪӿͬ˼һĳǳأڳߵĻ壬ԼЩΧƾһ㣬ŵӢꡣ
ЩӢ꣬Ī֪Ƕܹ뷷ģЩӢ꣬дΪʳսɳĽʿ
Щ뷷Ϊ佫ȣЩӴͨսʿӢ꣬ܵ뷷⣬ǵλϾܹ뷷⣬ܵ˻ʳ˵ıӻͨ
ϸһ㵭⣬ػڤ֮Уûŵ£ֱܰͶ̥ת
Īǰ·ߣüȻӡǣǲӡֻͨլ֮ʳˣûݳ޵޹⣬ЩͲ񣬵ڻʳ֮еģǵĴҲֻˡ
ĪߵĴ£һ·һȻϢ߷ϲˮ󣬱㶼ˡ
һ۷ԼǰĲˮĪӸо̺һܹȽѾɾԪû˿á
ȻЩƷһڤеĲ裬Ŀǰ˵֮УľԻеģ͵ǰĶûвκҲûǲҪеĺá
ջأĪӶһڷУֿʼ˼Ǩ⡣
ΪͥˣͬʱǻʳĹܱȥģǨͻʳ֮ϵòƱԼ֮еҪ
Ī֮ǰڿǣϵǨԼ˵˽˽飬ͥʳ֮ϵ֮䣬Ī뷨ʵȽںߡ
ڵʳ֮ʵһִţ֮ϵ˵˻Ƚ϶ֻ࣬Ǻվ˳Ϊ˵ʳĺܣҾվڵʳţ˵Сˣ˵Ҳûг׵ʧ
ǨΪһԪɣΪԲͣʱҲԲ̣ǧӦеİɡ
ʱԼӦú͵ʳ̫ǣϵҲЩ˵̫ȥ
ȻҲ˵֮ûκǣֻͨƸΪʳĹϵʳôǨһЩʱ;֮ǰĪӻĻᵥôΪȴˡ
ûʲôʵԵ֤ݣĪеԤиͥͻʳ֮䣬ȷźϵ
ֲк͵ڶʳͥ棬ȻţĪȴ˼Ŀ⡣
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Ӧ˵ĿĪվʮʱ䣬ͿһϤӰ߽ò÷
Ӽʦ߽÷Ī΢Цͷһ
һʱ䲻÷֮ǰֶһЩ仯ϱøˣ˵Ĵ磬֮ǰҲЩĲͬһĪӵĿ⣬֮ǰû˿ı仯֮ǰǸ÷
ǰĪӣ÷Ŀ֮ο֮ɫ֪ǰԼΨһĵӣûԼʧԼеԸ÷ۿɣΪһСţڻԪɣԼߵʱߵ׷
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÷һͷδĳһ죬Լĵӣ֮ܵе鹩λ֮Уɾ컯档
ͷȷЩ񣬵ĪֳǱ÷иô룬ڴһ쵽һ쵽ʱܾá
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ܹٴμԼĵӣ÷еȻǸ˵ģֻص㣬ȴѵļص㣬ԵĻĪӼ档
ⳡ֮ŸոĻã÷ԼУɲԼĵǣĪӣѾԪˡ
÷ĻĪ֪÷ڹԼ±㿪ڽһԼľֿ˵
ڤһ㲻飬ͥȻڼеԪɲûʲôԼǼȻѾУҲñһ£֮ңȻȽϿƣһ̶ȣҲǣУҲܵӰġ
÷ԣа̾һȻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷͬĪ˵Ļ
÷ͷĪӱ΢Цٴοڣ÷ۣ÷÷顣
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ʱţ˷ǣȵʦܻȥʱ÷ۻǻǰ÷ֻۣ˼һٵͽͽ÷ԴһЩ̾ĻĪ΢ЦȰοڻ˵֮÷ʱ
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ʳߣĿǰȽϡ٣һƷ飬Ȼܷŵһ߲ã̾͸÷ĵӡ
ȼɭϣ÷Ը񣬼ȻѾˣҲֻհ졣
ʱ䣬÷Ϳʼڤ֮Ĵտʼʱߵڶ͵ڶʳڤͥ࿹ʱҪܡ
֮ĦӾ磬ĵ£ڶʳڤͥ͵ʳߣʱʼԵĶԿ顣
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İپʮ һֳ֮
ΪʦʱľˣȻ˼սڵоգҲ֮ǰΪʦ汦÷ԼʱľҪ˵һ£вδʲôΣյĳ棬Īȴ֪÷ΣվԲ١
Щ֮еģҲģ÷Щ鷳Ҫеġ
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ʱ䣬ʳ飬ӦѾʼȡһЩ˰ɣʦһЩӣܻһνˣĪӼ˵
仰˵꣬÷ȴҡҡͷû˿Ц⣬һĨɫ
Įǰ÷ҪʲôЩصĶҲϣܹûĪӣԷĪӲ֪ЩϢʱ򣬻жϡ
÷ɫĪӾ֪÷ҪԼһЩ飬еʳߣӦҲԼ֮еǰֹۡ
Ȼֻ÷ĪӣĿ⿴һۣûһ棬˵Χ̱һ̸֤
ͽһԼһ֮÷ȻĪ˵
÷仰Ī̾ף÷˵ݣ¹ش󣬲ɵСġ
˵֮У÷ˣΪ֮ԼµĽûоԵģ֮£ڵĪӣĪõĽӦûӵİȫ
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Ī÷仰вɵЩȣû뵽÷òܹõһܡ
һ÷˵֮ǰ͵ڶڤͥĽ֮УΪʦֵڶʳ飬ƺԶ֮еĻҪһЩǱϸһµڶʳ飬Ȼˣҵ֪˵ڶʳڤͥһ׮أǾǵڶʳڤͥУƺһֳ뷷Ӷ֮⣬ܹ˳Ϊķ
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Щ֮⣬ĪͻȻ÷Ŀе֪ڶʳڤܻͥһ˲ķԾĲϢϢĺ塣
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᲻ǲˣһģϾΪ׵Ĵ֮뷷Ϊ飬ĵ˲࣡Ī뵽һֿܣ÷˵
Ϊʦ֮ǰҲôֻһʱ䣬ΪĹϵڲ֮ĶѾͣЪˣ֮ǰΪʦּλ飬ͨòȷϢԷ˷񣬵ĵȷȷһܹ˳ֶΣ÷Ī˵֤ݡ
һĪһγĬˣͬʱУͷڷٵתš
ڶʳڤͥѾˣ뷷൱Ķ࣬ȻΪԭҲ٣ʣµ飬ڤͥռڤλò
ʳֻٶ꣬ǳ٣ڤͥƣ˼ʳ֧֣ܹԴԴϵĲʵѪҺȥʳһ飬ԽԽ׳󣬳ѹڤͥʱ
ڤͥҲа취ԴԴϵĲʵѪҺµ룬Щͬˡ
һ˵ѪҺ൱Ҫ飬һû˼룬ǲڶôǿԺĿҲСһЩչҲܵԼ
ԭڤͥˣȻǳǿ󣬵ʧȥ˼ĸ֮󣬵ʳһ飬͸ڸµͥΪ֪ԼһԽԽǿڵֻһʱġ
һڤͥһµĳ񷽷Ϣ֪֮󣬿µʳЩ飬һЩǲᶨģ˲һЩͷ
÷ƾ뵽ЩĪ˵ʳߣ𽥺ƵʱɫŻôء
Ī뵽˸⣬֮Ÿոտʼãڶʳڤͥͱ÷֣һµĳ֮ڤͥһ£ԣǷҲζŸʢ
Ҫһλ컯棬嶼ķչͶ˸Դضʹʢʱʢ
֮ѾĻˣҲʼͶˣԭĶһͨӶᣬǿķʽ˶ܴʢ
ڶʳڤͥյĳ֮пʢܹ뷷ĻζŽ⿪ϵһ
˵ַԣܳ׵Ľ⿪ֻҪܹ⿪һַּͨʽǾѾܹһ仯ˡ
ַڶʳڤͥĿǰΪֹûȥһǿַźܴľԣֻǸԲ
ڶпڤͥʲôƻڻĿԣĪһʱ֮仹û˳Ҳ¶ۡ


İپʮ ϣ
Ĵ÷һϢĪھݵĳ˼֮հעŻص÷ϡ
ʦ֮ԻϢԼ޷ϣԼܵԶ֮ҲҪΪԭվڵʳߡ
Īӹƣ÷УڼܷʤڶʳڤͥҲûжˡ
شʦ㻹Ϣ˭˵𣿡ĪӶ÷ʵ
Ŵԣ÷ҡҡͷޱĿڵشΪʦȻ˵ˣ
Ȼˣʦ㲻Ҹᣬϱȥڶʳڤͥȷǵɲ⣬ǵʳߣҲδûеƣȲ˵ţо֮ϵͥܿҲվ䱳󡣡Īٴζ÷˵
÷ǵʳ飬ҪǲܵģĪӾֻܸ÷һЩˡ
ڤͥһֳ֮һ㣬һ޴ƣһ޷ϣǱϾûиô£Ҳ˶š
֮ѾʼĪӺ÷Ҫܼ򵥣˶÷ܹɶ磬ֱӷҡֻʱҪĿ꣬ȷŵԱϡ
˵ɵԱΪʵͻҪԱ֮ǾҪΪΪˣǲԱ֮
÷Ī˵˵ʳܺͥڵĹϵԭеһЩǣ¾ͺ˲١
ĵʦͽҲûģյϢ࣬ƾղȥʱͽգʦͽѵڤۣҲԸΪЩɨ¡
˵Щ֮󣬻תķ棬÷ĪӣһֱоͨѾüĿоڰٳ߸ͷľôһţһţоܿͻ
ĪԣҲЩڴ÷ͨǻֶΣȨȡõĳɹҲٲĪӵİæ
ͨо֮󣬾ԤһЧô÷ʵǰһ󲽣пˣһֵ֮ӶԼȨһ¡
˽÷Ľ֮ĪӽԼɷľɹ⴫ڸ÷ɷҪ󲢲̣漰ĵ÷Ҳϣ΢޸ĳͿɵС
ʱʦͽ˵̸һĹȥֱĪӸоǨϢͣĿͶ⡣
ܿ죬ĪӾſڿǨȽǣǨԣȻһˣղȫûиӦġ
Ī˼Էݣߵ÷̱վǳĳһ
£
ĪӿԼʦͬʱг¡֣˵ݣλӦþǵʳĿ֮ʳΨһһλƷˣ
վǨߵӢǸ˵ĸоȴǳӲʣ˿һۣͻöԷǳϿɿò
𣡡Լʦ÷ѾˣĪӷӦ乪һ
۾˵Գƺһ£Ī˵ȫҲԳһ𣬱ʾ𾴵£һ۾ߵ
Īӵһļ֮ǰֻͨһЩ񣬻е˽һЩò
Щ񣬻еܵıֳϵϰĪֶԷǳϵϢţûй©˿оЩе˷ƽһЩ
һλƷ飬൱ڽɾǿߣȻһƽˣֻķɣûڴ˿չְˡ
Ī񣬱֪Īǰ޹ǰʶһµδŵʦͽ𻰰ɣǰĪӣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷº͵Ŀ˵
Īӿһߵ÷ȻǨҲ΢Цſ˵۾֮ǰңѾʿˣ֮ܳ˵
⻰˵ȫǳ滰ˣжĵĳɷ֣ڳļ˶֪ģҲ⣬˵仰ĪԼ
ȻԴӷ֮󣬶ۣǳľԣ˶Ʒλһ㶼ɲô˵Էǻ˶Ʒλһı䲻˵ʵ
һλƷ飬жԶԷΣҪеģԣҲ޷Ĩɱһ۲ŴԵľʵ
ܹΪһλ֮ܣȻ䳬֮
˵ᰲĵӣһλ֮ŵ֮㣬һȻһͷһĪ֪ɷæ÷˵ͷȻתͷĪ˵
֮ܣһԪ񾳽ʿʵĪҲ֪кܹﵽ𣿡ĪҪԼæ̾;
ֻæһ󷨣³֮󣬻лҪĪӰæ˵˳
ĪӰæ󷨣ҪĪӸղҲ뵽ģĪ־ãӦòô򵥣һλǰ˻ʵĽɾǿߣ𽵹ǰԼһ棬ΪôһѵҪôŶúЩš
һ˼ţĪͬʱ̿˵Ǵ£Ȼû⣬ֻҳԪ񾳽磬յҲֻǵڲ£Чͣ
һλ൱ڽɾĶƷԼǰһ̫ѵ飬ĪҲ̫þܾ
һԼ˼ҵĵ̣ܾҪ󣬷˼ҵӣܹЩãԼʦ÷Ҳ˼£͸þܾˡ
裬ȻѾΪĪ׼ˣĪʱԿʼԣĪ˵
˵仰֮ĿֿһһԵ÷ſڵͲʦͽ˼ˣԺһЩ޹Ὣ֮ｻĪ
˵仰֮ܿ뿪ˣǨĪӺ÷ЦЦȻҲת˳ȥ
뿪ıӰĪüͷ΢΢һ£ܾԼ󣬲ͼɳ⣬ԼͼıЩʲôأ
Ҫ˵£ԼˣȷƾԼΪбֳǱб£ʸ񣬿Լֲܳפڤպȥ֮ϣ£ԼʱҲò̫棬ȫǳͶʡ
˵Լж⣬ҪԼϵõʲôֿҲһЩʲ
ĪӺԼڵȻոͻƣԪɲãԼ֣ȴѾһЩĸֵҰУǲ׵Լµġ
뵽Щĸ֣ĪͻȻһ뵽һֿܡ
ѵĿĲңЩڹעҵ֣뷨һĪӾãƺҲмֿܰ


İپʮ £
ĪӺ÷ڤ֮еҲֻǶ̶̵һѣûã÷뿪ȥԭˡ
֮зɭϣ÷Ϊе飬ǱȻҪܵԼԵµʱ;ƣʱ÷Ƿǳæµġ
ԴˣĪȻЩãҲû˵ʲôֻǺǨһȥˡ
ڶβĪȻҪȵһһЩҶ󷨵ĲãҲһЩµĸ
ѧ󣬲޷ˣĲãڲߵҪߣҲ˲߸ķӿռ䡣
ͬ󣬲֮вͬôҲֳĲͬ˶˸򣬾ϸ֮ƵøӵӦ֣Ҳܹ󷨵
Īڲڶ֮󣬾ĸоԼڶβõ󷨣һβõ͸ǵķΧҪǿһ㡣
󷨵ǿˣһԴĪϵĽͶڷ֮ļǿһԴڲķ
βķɲ֮ǰǼµƣǨһĲ󷨱ȻƲǾƣҲʵʵģйоء
ڶβĪԭΪͽˣû뵽Ǩ˵ݲ衣
ݲ裬ĪޱĿǨûֱӽӹ
˵õǲһ󷨣Ķô£
ĪĪʲôԹԣݲ֮ٲһ󷨣ĺôǨĪӵɫ֪ĪЩãЦſ˵
Ǩ仰ĪڳĬƬ֮󣬱ֽ֮˹˵ͷ
֮ڤ֮еһĪڲ󷨣ԣվˣһǨһȴ
СĴ󵨵ǣ续֮ˣѾˣΣʼ֮ʱЩĲгֻ֮ǿѹ£ɣЩĲг֮ǻз羰ȻҲͺгˣڲ󷨵ĪӣߴĻԷ˵ЩУͬʱҲʼնԷָʵ
ĪôҲû뵽Ǩ˵ĺôȻƷ飬Լ֮ʱԼָ㣬û뵽ǣ֮ȻоˮƽҪڵԼ
һλλûжõ飬һλǰͻôЩ˻ʣһߣȻоһô裬Щ̫
ĪڷǳȷʳĿ֮Ͼ⣬ͬʱĪҲ֪Էϵ⣬ڵԼû̽ʸ
ĪڵĵǣԼĿľʲô
ʱ޷õ𰸣ȻԷԸָһԼĪҲͿ˶Էϵ⣬ԷĴڣȰʵʵڵĺôõ˵
ò˵ĵ·ϣҪٵĽ·Ҫһܹҵˡ
ԴΪͻ꾳ĪӵΪȻһЩǰ˴һЩӵ伮֮Уͬｻã·ߵ˳˳ˮûʲô̫ĲۣԼЩҪ͸治һʱܹġ
ͺñڣһ㣬ĪӲǶ֮һЩ򣬶ҶԪɵһЩֶΣҲһ˿
֮ǰ֮УĪһ˳Уߵ÷ǳ˳ǴӼľԪ鿪ʼĪӾ͸оƺһ̶ȣ˳УҪһ淴
ͱ˵ɱһҪҪǿѹס֮Уڲı飬·ҪױķӦ
һβʱĪӵõЩ֮УǼƵķµķڲıɣҲִ۽ĸоֱʽʲô漣ܵĻ˿ܡ
󷨵ʱһԶָ㣬Īӵг׵һ˿
Ḷ́˳ȻߵɣҲһЩϲΪ絽һĳ̶ȣڵҲһ̶ȣȫ΢һЩı䡣
ͱ˵˲õģĪӿܹܵķΧڣԵһЩĶӻ߼һЩ󷨵ķġ
֮УΪӻ߼ٵķģܵµ󷨲ȣĪӿñķǿеĽסԼ޸ġ
ԪɣѾĵ·ϣﵽһ߶ȵˣȻڴ֮·ϵߣƾڵܹѾˡ
ˣзϱ任ţȵ󷨵緭ɢΧϰķΧĪвɵһ
β󣬶յĸˣβãβľ֮УΪһΡ
תһ̣ĪΪоһƣУڵķĲ٣ԪҲĴ
ĪڲûעƣľԼողϡ
ε󣬺֮ǰβѾϸ΢Ĳͬϸ۲Ļͻ֮ᷢУ޴ڵ֮⣬лƮһЩϸСıϸĻ׾ͻὫԡ
ĪӲ֪ԼһβõΣǿԼ޸ĺתԼӵĶҲֳ֮ĪӾѾˡ
ˮ֮ϵ൱֮еֶȻ΢Сȴе㾦֮Чǿ󷨵ûܲĪϸ۲Լողó󷨣ٴδĶС
ĪͷͿŲѾΧĽ⣬Χ磬ȴ˿Ӱ첻ͺȫһ㣬һߵĪӵǰ
ǶƷ飬൱ڽɾǿߣȫ󷨣һߵԼߣĪӲɵȴ̹һ
⻹˵ָ㣬ǵָ㣬һ֪ξо󷨣֪ʲôʱϣ
Īӵ仰΢ɲĵһͷȻĪ˵ʣڳ޷ӴشڵĳɾͣӦòֹڴˣĪӣƼΣ
лֻ̧лˣһɢ޳ѾɣмӣҲ˴У̫ţĪĻ̿˵
ĪӼǵãǰ˸˵ƵĻһŵĻᣬ˵仰ˣѾ÷ˡ
ĪӺԥĻشüͷ΢΢壬ûϾͺղֻΪ֮ģŶĪ˵仰ģȻĪӲջᣬҲûбҪ
˸־Ȼ㲻ԸţǾ˰ɣֻǴԼⲻҪߺܶ·պ㾿ܹߵһͿ˵컯ˣ
Īףٴл𣡡Īٴ˵


İپʮ 
ܾĺ⣬ĪӾͺһ߳У뿪֮Ī̲סعͷĿʵ
һʣҪ̵𣬲֪ܷΪҽ𣿡
Ī˵仰֮Ŀٴ䵽ϣޱĿڵҪʱȻ󷨣αæ𣿡
Īӵͷȷʵ⣬Ҳڶ֮Уʳڵˡ
㲼ԭ򣬵һǱȽϿʣҪ£һ㣬ڶԶ֣ԾˣҪ͵ĻǾˣʲô˵Ҳ֪Īӿ˵
˵ⷬʱԭ˱Ƚʣһ˲ͷ˾޴ı仯֮У˸˵ĸо·ǱԨһ㣬С
ܵϵı仯֮УĪҲԸеһ˿ѹڳϵȡ
л𣡡һĪ΢ЦһûмʲôһλݺΪҪԼߵǿߣܹԼĽͣѾǿˣֽž͸оЩܣԷķһ㣬ûеܶĳ̶ȡ
ЩòƷܵĻҲһȫǼٵģܶʱ滰˵˵ĸоٻһǵȷʵŲš
󷨲ýˣ÷Ҳˣ⻹ڤ֮жһЩʱ䣬ĪӾãӦþûʲô飬ӦÿԷ˼䣬ص÷ȥúõ˼һЩ⣬˳һ´еջ
Ī׼ǣ÷۵ʱ򣬻û˵ڣվһԵǨѾ³Ĵ㣬һĪ˵
Ī⼸ˣ󷨶ѾɣĪ׼һлĪõл֮ڷ˼䲻٣
ǨĻĪȴҡҡͷղŵָ㣬õлˣѾõ˵ָ㣬λٺһл񣡡
¶Ҫִ磬ĪӺղԼָ㣬Լõĺôж£ӶԷһл񣬳಻ЩѿˣЩҲôõģ˵֡
Īô˵ǨжĪӵһ˿
ɢ޳ߣһǾ΢ЩСЩ
ʵϾɢ޳ߣһ㣬ҪΪİ취ǽûԴİǵٶһǳĻ
ʲΪ΢ɢޣֺпٵĻԴİ취ֻܿһĻܣŪֵÿһԴǶǳϧͬʱҲЩֵ׷ЩܵõԼõԴ
һǺܶɢ޵ͨĪӵȴ˿ûУͬɢ޳ĪӣٵĽȥԴʼǼ꣬Īͷ׾ݹһӣ֮һֱȽϿԣ
ĪӣôԭҪĪӵĶ͸ҪˣЩҲǸĪһ׼ġ
ĪԵƬ̣㲼֮ǰѾ˵õлǲʳԵģҶҲǸĪѵģһЩϣתˣڴԺȥȥͻأǨĪٴο˵仰˵֮ǨתһȻ̻һݹߡ
ϣתˣΪβԼȥĪӿǨ뿪ãҪԼеĶЩְ
һţĪĿͶһԵʣˣû뿪ʲôҪԼ˵
ȻĪӵĿȥ֮߻Ŀ˵лǾ֮Ǿ͵Ǳɣ
һЩǸģϣܽˣ׼ȷ˵õ˵ϣ
֪ϣҽںˣĪӿʵ
仰ʱԺзٵػԼʶҹϵǳ֮УһǺʶ˵Ǻͻʳϵеġ
һַɿĪӵȴûмܹԵϵģֱĪӽΧŵ÷۵ϣźȻֻȻʵĸо
ˣɣתĶпҪɵģ˵ĻǾʹҲ֪͵ת֮Īа
ȻתȻϵǳ÷۵һӣ÷յĵɣƽĻش
Ȼ֪ǰݣĪ˵ȴ˿ĲɫֻޱĿûֱӱֳʲôɻ֮ɫ·ȴĽ
ϸ˿ĪӵɫȻͬǳƽ˵ɵǰǸ汾һЩһλʽˣ򹦼㣬δõʲô뷷⣬ת֮£ϣṩһЩиĻᣬܹɳɵ
ĪͣԸеЩ⣬˼ƺΪԼ֪ת֮ʵ
ĪӿеһĨζɫ̾ˣԷڸԼԼ֪֪ʵʲôҪųȥ
ԭǰȻ͵ԨԴģֻ֮ǰ̳ɢȥɼȻ÷ۣ÷˾ͻúõĽ̵Ī˳Ļ˵
Ҳرչˣ̵ǣ˵ͷе˵ƺֻǹľ飬΢չһһλʽ
̸ֽ˼䣬վԭصƬ̣û̫õʱ䣬Ǩͻص뿪Ḷ́͹һʱʱ䡣
ĪѾõˣǨڻ󣬱̶Ī˵
޵˵Цˣ֮䣬Ҳûл೤ʱ䣡Ī΢ЦŻص
Ǩһȥһõʱ䣬еҪٺܹܶ࣬˵һ飬ΧԻеʳĳλ򣬶صıȽϺã֮ǰĪӲûз֡
ǨĪ˵Ҳû⣬ֻתȥóһͨͨĴݵϡ
ӹǨݹĴ˵ͷ˿ûбܻĪǰչʾ˲򵥵Ĺϵ
ŴĪӵǰвļ˳Լȼһ£ȻЩǸŪ֣ͶˣûпЩ
ᡶԪ顷ǰ˰ٶǰͥдһᣬȻٶǰдġԪ顷ȣһЩݣǶڵ˵ѾˣΪ׼л񣡡
ʣµ⼸ϣģſջ꾧ʯܹ׳壬Ժ󣬶ܹõϡö֮мصģһļ֮÷۵ķпܻϲи׼ϡ
һ˰æƵ鵤ɴʱܹõϣŵҩʱڣʹﵽԲ
ĽͣٿǰЩĪֻи̾һܵ


İپʮ 
ĪӿݹĶǵδ;УɾԪ֮ǰҪļҪż׼Ĳνǲ֡
öջ꾧ʯڤеһֱǳϡ٣ĪȻ˵ãҲһμʵ
ѵһıøоΪר׼ģת֮ȻھֻصʱһȱݶѾˣΪǰǲл֮ϻ΢һ㣬Ⲣʲô⣬ֻҪǱһЩʱֲȻбϣ͸ӵɡ
׼ö֮Уصķļ֮ĪӲûйۿǿԱ׼Ĳϣ֪ԲҺܿô
鵤ĪҲͬ˵ֵҩֵҩǳϡУΪֵҩжôƣΪƵĹ̷ǳ˷ѣЩ̣Щϡ
鵤Ȼֻ鵤ƵҩĲϣȴҪõɲģõɲĻֹһ֣ͬĲ£ȫЧõĵҩûбҪ˷ѲϣɵĲϣȴƳ鵤
ƵĹЩ˷ѣ鵤ǺöֵҩԪɾ֮£Ϊһֵҩˡ
˵ЩУеڶɴֻ֣ʱŻĸһţԲ
ЩܹŵĴţڶֵĹУҲֻǸһ鵤ߵãһ־
΢Ƭ̣ĪջǽЩˣ⼸ᰴնԷķԸȫɣܷõϣĪҲһֱţӦûʲô⡣
ˣǱлպ֮ĪٴһȻǨһб㿪ʼ
Īзı䶯ǰ֮УһŻ
Ǩ״һĨɫĪӵͨڤڵģɷȻôѣɱϾһɷҪգҲǿһ۾ѧġ
ĪڤʱһԪ˵ͨڤһɷʱѾ㹻ˣָʱǱĵУѧϰɷ¡
Īʱڤ֮еڸʲôǨһûжʱɷɾ£ĪӾȻԼǰɹʹͨڤԣ֮еĻһ
Īӿ粽Ż֮У뿪ڤǨתЦŶԵ˵۾ת֮׼Ķ뱸鵤ϵ۾İӦۿˣ۾öջ꾧ʯǷָЩǰ˼
ǰЩǷˣһͰһѣҪţһ֮ҲֲϿǷ˵öջ꾧ʯָܷЩǰļ䣬ǲеģǰֻһ˿л꣬Щ䣬ӦҲˣڻش
仰˵֮ͷһǨֿ˿ղĪ뿪ĵطּ˵ĪӣȷЩ˼Զϼѣһ壬ɢ޳УѾܾûгֹ˲ˣ
Ե۾ŸһԪ顷Я󱲣ǰͶʣǨЦſ˵
߽аɣڱֳʲ飬ֻҪպ֮ϣֵܹסˣδĳɾ;Բҵʱ䣬һҲǲܣ˵仰֮󣬱ջĿ⣬ת׼뿪
Ǩһ׼ϣһȻ˵ϧҵʱʵ̫ɳʱ򣬸ﲻʲôæ۾Я֮Ҳûлʲôر
ŴԣŲ΢΢һ£𣬡һⳡ֮ŸոտʼֶλûóûôĻ
仰˵꣬˲仯һʧǨҲæȥ

û뵽һʹͨڤʱλþȻƫô࣡ɽ⣬Īδ£ǰɽͬʱ
ڤ֮лص˼䣬ĪȻɹóͨڤȴһЩƫûֱӻصӰأǲƫ뵽ݾڡ
ٶȣݻصӰأмҲ̫ʱ䣬ûþͻˡ
Ī̧Ŵ󷨣ɽڣ΢Ӧһ£͸оµĵӶɽϡ
صԼļңĪӿϤľиоһ⣬ɽϵʯףɽȥܿͻص÷ۡ
м·ɽʱĪӻ˲ڣڸ÷۵ͯڿΡ
һ÷ۣĪӾͿ÷£ںԷǳгʦͽ
Ҳڽ̵ɣڵǰȻú棬ϵı飬ȴһڽĶ̫ͬĸо
˼άȽѣεʱҲһССëڴйص֪ʶʱ򣬾һƾЩ֪ʶôô
ҲǾãһЩľܻɼһЩЩӡҲܸһߴΰʦ󣬿ʱɾͻڽЩ֮УĶȻɡ
͵ʦͽ˺гƵĽĹˡ
ԭжѾãҪʶԼΪʦϣĪӻ㽫һԣĪӵߣЦĹ
ӭʦع飡
ЩƤЦģڣĪбһۣȻ󵭵Ŀڵʲôֱ˵
Ӿ˼ңǰڤоôӻûôȥڤ仰ո˵ڣĪӾˣһе㲻֣о˼Ѿݲˣȥڤ˵˼
£ĪӾͶ˵ڤеΪʦʵҲϤڤ֮ʼ֮ʱĦǳΣգȥڤ֮Ϊʦʱ˼ȵպԪɣȥ٣
Ī仰˵꣬ڻػһԵɱͻȻڵʦ㻹ʦȵ֮֮ȥΪԪɣ֮һЩ
Լͽܵ仰΢΢鴤һ£عͷ
Ϊʦ˵ĺеΪʦ޶ۣҪɾԪɣҪٵĹ򣬲ΪʦһϼѣΪô죬ȫΪʦһģΪʦһúõ㣬㣬Ϊʦ㣬뾡һа취㣬ճΪԪɣ
ⷬ˵꣬ɫ̱Щѿ֪ԼʦҪˡ
żݵġгһĻĪʱȴֹˡ
΢һ°ɣǰڤ֮УһЩҪɵģڽЩ㣬ԼܣҲԽ㸸ĸʦܣмǣ⼸ײҪʾˣĪ˵ţĶɣҿʼЩ;


İپʮ Ԫ
ĪɽĶʱ򣬲ûбܻһԵڣΪɵʦЩҪָɸôá
ĪӽЩ;֮ɿǰЩһʱֵЩˣΪû뵽ͻȻ֮䣬һݴ䵽Լϡ
Щڵ˵Ƿǳ߼Ķǿջ꾧ʯ⣬ĶҪϣ»Ҫ̵ʱ䡣
Թԣ鵤һţֱʰʦ˭͵ģڱֵЩ㶵ɣڸǰЩļֵر鵤ЩΪ֮ĶĶ
ΪЧǿҼûʲôãĵҩƵĲ̫֮⣬оûʲô̫ȱˡ
ЩĹУջҲܶ࣬Ҳûмκһ鵤ֵҩ徳ڣЩĴָ
ڵʻĪתͷһۣȻЦݣȴû˿Ц⣬ǳһ˿ɫ
ΪɵʦȻҪԼĵӣ֪ǰݣԶĪӴĴʵǾ衣
ľܶʱ򣬱׸ĺôôõģ˵ֻõĺôҶԷҪģδظ
ڵѯʣĪջǸ𰸣ΪɵʦбҪ֪
˵ֵʱĪõǴķʽûǰ֪
ĪӵĴ𰸣ص˵ͷеɫһЩ
ЩĪӴڤ֮дģݶˣڤ֮УڸղʵѾ뵽
Щ֪ܲˣ𰸣ھã΢һЩģϾǰҲǸӣ˵Էֻ⣬Ÿݺô
ЩΪʦȰ㱣ܣȵΪˣΪʦͰõĶ㣡еһЩ֮ھֱӶ֣ɵõȫĪӾãЩӣ˴˹պѹǮӡ
Щ΢΢ƲƲ죬ȴû˵ʲô
Ī߸ոջʦͽ˾Ͱ÷µλ˳ұĵطȥղŵĿγˡ
֮ǺҲĪӣߺĪӾͳ׵
÷µϣĪóһöǳµֵͨɫ滹дšԪ֡
ĪϸĿһ֣ͷֲͨʻ֮䣬һöģϴһЩϡ
ĪµǷһСԪ顷ĵ伮
ĪӲûⱾ伮֣ܵʱԼеⱾԪ顷ǰ޶ģʹⱾ伮ĳʱܱȽˣҾһδε޸ģͺǰټѧɵġһӦöǷǳġ
Ȿ伮֣ĪӴ¾ܹµⱾ伮֮мصʲôӦһġĵ伮
Īѧ˲٣ǲ󷨻Ǽٲ˷ĵĲ룬κһߣܲġ֮ЩŵƲɢޣߣƲҲһЩġ
ĪӸоԼյķʵѾˣһִ伮֮лȡķģͨ鱦۲һЩɱ֮еɽӶݻķģĪҲ֪Ȿ伮ܴԼİǷԼϲ
ʶ֮̽УƪǽܡԪ顷ͨĶЩݣĪӾȵķ֣ⱾԪ顷Ȼǰʼдġ
ʼдԪ顷ˣʵλǳĸ֣ԷһɾˣóƷ֮
Ϊﵽɾ֮Ϊ׷ߵĽɾ磬ſʼֱдԪ顷ʼʱֻǽԼķĽһϣǶĹУصԽԽ࣬ҵȤ
ЩϧǣλǰղˣӲҵǣдġԪ顷Ҳֻʣ²б
һЩ߿ʼ޲ƵġԪ顷Ȼ֪ԭƵʲôǽûеģԼֶõķӽȥҲһֲȫˡ
￪ʼԪ顷ͱĸ˺üεıдƣΪҲ֪ԭġԪ顷У׼˶ٶһֱĬϣԪ顷δȫ״̬ӶһδεĽбд
Щ֮ĪӶмصݣø
һڳĵ伮ֵŬصݾǵС
˿ƪĽ֮󣬽ʼݣʼĲ֣ûĪ֮ôޣֻһЩǳͨķģԼĻ֮
ЩĪӴѧΪ͵ʱҲƹһЩֻϵȴࡣ
ЩͨݣĪӲûиеʧΪֻǿƪѣЩĶһЩķΧܹ㣬ʱҲܳͬʱҲ൱Ҫ
ҾЩ֮ͨУЩĪڿ֮ҲҵһЩԼûյĶδ򵽵ķĵ÷
ĪӲϵݣϵıҲԽԽרעԽݣͿʼǳݽԽԽ
ĪӶʱٶȾѾˣʼϸľ׽صݣÿһģгƷĻƷֵϸãжʱһֻȻʵĸо
Ȼֱ壬Īóһհ׵һ߼šԪ顷еݣһ߿ʼڿհ֮м¼Լ
Ĺһֱ˵ڶϵʱĪͣ÷۵һ˽Σ֮ĪֿʼϸоԪ顷еݡ
Ԫ顷еݣĪ֮еҪḻ࣬Ϊֹݣ඼ѾӴģ֮ܳΪѧϰֻ˵оˣѾǳˡ
һʱ䣬÷۵˶ע⵽Īÿ춼ڹۿһ֮еݣһ߹ۿһ߻һհ֮м¼ʱڣĪѾ¼հ׵
õܹ洢ϢСһĵ伮ܶһݣĪڶ̶ʱУȻѾ¼ɼ⼸죬׼¼˶ٵĶ
ĪѾʼ¼Ŀ򣬶Ҳ¼˲ٵݣ֮ǰѾûԼǱǺʱˣмҲһۿ
ʼʱЩ棬ԼʦôԵĶһ߿¼¼˶Ķе׼Щʲô
ϸһ֮󣬷ܹö֮˾ͱסˡ
˶񾳽ϵĸ֣ȽʵȻܹ֮мضļֵ
ĪоԪ顷ĸ򣬱¼ĶԪ顷Ҫϸӷѧϰʺϼڵ
õöˣҲ׵ˣÿ֮⣬Խ̵ӵʱ䶼ˡ


İپʮ Ҫʲô
õЩѽ÷УĪӿеġԪ顷ĺһȻ˵
Ѿڤ֮ˣеⲿԪ顷Ҳо˴ˡ
µʱУĪܹõʮöհ׵дµĸݺ͸ǵˣÿҲЩ֣һϸϸƷ
Ȼµʱ䣬ⲿԪ顷֮صݣĪûȫĿ꣬ΪԽݾԽ£Ҫ͸ĪڵΪҲҪٵʱ䡣
ݣʱڹ޷ˣĪѧϰĽҲû֮ǰôˡ
ĪʵЩͷ۵ģʱ䣬õĺôӹɵģԪ顷ļֵ֮еĻҪص֮ḻȫǷ䣬ɵõҪôر
뵽Īҡҡͷʱѹ£պôرǶӦԺˣڶ档
ԼѾˣȾܰѺôһ£ȵպˣȻлʱ
ţĪ֣صĽԪ顷Ȼóһݿհ׵򣬿ʼп¼һ߿¼ݣĪʱʱĻͣ˼һ¡
ʱ䣬Īյķ֮ǰȻ˲٣ڷĵ⣬Ҳһʵ
յķԼԷıĪ󷨺֮ϵ裬Ҳ
ԭľԪɱ֮󣬲֪¼Īӣ֮Ѿ˽¼ķ򣬶ڸӵɽҲ˸
֮ǰڤʱָĪӣ֮аԼԸӻ߼һЩĪӵʱһγԾͳɹˣǸеڵ׸ôҲ˸֪
ڷ֮ϵĽ󷨺֮ĽͿԽͨҲԸ˵иֶεĻ
֮;֮ͨܽתĹɣ˸ַģͨЩģ˸ֶΣ򵥵ӦþǷ
ȥ֮⣬󷨡ȵȵֶΣҲҪõЩģȫܹ˵иֶεĻ
ĪµĿհУʼ¼һЩݵʱɽϵǵˣҲ½½ĸԼʱջ񣬿ʼԼ
ǵԺУǰƯ콭飬ķ֮вϵĸ֣뵽Ưǰ콭֮С
ڼ츳ΨһỨʱķı콭ˣֻԴԴϵĴַģڲĽƱݻ
ʱͨѧϰĪ¼Щ˸ķģͬʱڷĵҲø̡
ڼĹУǿʼʶѡһЩԼҪķģ콭УӶӰ쵽ڲݻĽơ
ȡɵļʽҵһ˿ȤҲһԼĸо
Ҫ֪ԼȣΪֹҲֻһѣûдﵽĳ̶ȡ
ԼһСģȥĻὫԼһּķϣԻǷžͺãΪҲȱһ콭ԽԽǿһѾ㹻ʹˡ
ڵԺ䣬ǰҲһͬҲڼţУϴŨŨϲɫ֮еıԼļ֮𽥵ƣ̵ĸоԼʱĽ
꣬ϵջ٣ڲȱٷãģʵԼĽ
ںԼһ㣬ϧԼÿһֵĽֻҪʱ̽ţٶȱһЩߵĺԶ߹ȻһȻҲδزӭͷϡ
֮·ʹȻҪҲͬҪܹƷɵģɲдǻۡԵ֮֮ռһ
֪ԼȱٻԵָĲջ񣬻÷鱾һݻԵҲԼȱ
˵ڣʵҲܹͬ֡
Ϊɢ޳ʺͻ̫ãԵһЩЩԵҲû취һ졣
ãԼԵǺʶȻںһϵ֮Уɹİ÷ۣΪ÷۵ĵӡ
ڳΪ÷۵֮ŵĹУӦ÷е֮ǿҵһǳӦԼڵݣԴӳΪ÷۵ĵ֮Ҳٻƽ֮⣬Ϊڿҿҵİ¡
ЩŷС£䴦ľΪ÷۴˲ٵĽ
÷յͯʱҲڽ̵˰ĪڣҲʱָһ£ܹͯɲģռĹ͡
Ǿģ֣ҵԼĹܹ֮ڿҿҵķף̤̤ʵʵ׵ĳ˼ˣֺγһı֡
Īµ֮Уֻһӣ֮ҲԵͨƾ̤ʵԸڲ֪֮䣬ҲѾɳࡣ
ԼԺ֮УǰƯȣҲͬڼ
ĶһööķĲϵǰ֮Уȵı⻪תһȵΣӨӨһɡ
ûãеĶֹͣ¶ЦݣץסǰȣӦиոγɵһҲһ˿
ߵƷЩһֱרļҵȣ
÷Ŀǰзļ֮ľԪīȣȻˣЩľԪڻڷĳ̶ȣľͶ뵽ȵļС
һֱŬʱĪӿ¼ЩѧĶڽԼȣƷĲΡ
ɹһ㣬ǲҪڵľ磬ǴʿĿǰΪֻ񾳽ѡ
иոմﵽƷεȣԽԽϲʱζû뵽ԼгһգּܹһƷ
ԼķսʱܷӳȻԵɺõͬȷҪǿ񾳽Ļ
ڸ˵ģԼƷĲΣʹԼʵǿˣи˵ģһ㣬ǾԼһϣıȽϳˡ
Ӽ÷ϲԼţеͬţҲ֪ʦĪӵ÷Ӧһʲôš
ΪԼܹһŸеңͬʱҲЩΪԼƽԸеЩ
ΪĪӽеӣԼֻǼӣǺڣ඼Щ
ԼܹˣҲϣ÷УЩ֮⣬ԼϣҲһܹúãñ˹Ŀ࿴£Ͼ˻ţҪʲôһ¡


 ͥ
ڤڰͻɫԶɣɢĽ⣬Ӧеĵ׺ˡ
ڤһ÷Ӱû֮УΧһעǰĶ
ĪӴʱһǳ죬Ϊæĵص֮һõ󷨡
û֮е÷ʱȻעǰעȴûȫϣлһ顣
ȥʱˣ֪˾ٵ׶Բԣ÷а˼
ԴϴκĪһѾ콫һʱˣʦͽһ÷ԼֵܸĪӣ֮ҲĪӵĽ飬һǡʵʱԼֵܣϱԼֱһλƷ顣
֮ǰ÷зĿǹףվ飬ϱȥĻԼڱס
Լǵʳ飬ϲ룬ڶʳڤͥһµĳ֮Ӱ֮Զҡʳĸ
÷ϱȥûʳһǰǾ취̽ʵ
ڶʳյķֻǸôһ龪һԼҲܵκε𱸡ʵǽϢϱȥڻʳ߲ļλ㾯ܹ׼ʱһӦ֮ߡ
Ϣϱȥ÷ԣҲǹһøΣҲδпܻõƷλʻøһ㡣
÷û뵽ǣԴǸϢϱȥ֮ԼֻټһΣ֮ʹԭפصĵطһ𣬽˵ص󷨣ˮͻȻϮ
÷ԭפصĵطܵϮĴɸһЩֻ󷨣ѹҲ˵ǸӰȫһ㡣
ôʱȥ÷̫ܹµ͸ʳ߲鵽δģԼϱȥϢǷˡ
÷ֻܼϣʳ߲飬ĶԼϢˣʱϢֻȷϢ
ϣͽ˵ʳһվŵĲţͥĻһţ÷һа
ȻʱͻԶǻɫͺɫڤȴڴʱһƬҫ۵Ľ⳹׵ˡ
һλϵɢĹâ̺֮ΰϵȨ÷Ʒ飬һ̣жֹסһ˿η
֮еȽɭϣ仰ɲ˵˵ѣʱ޿̵Ĳţͱ˵ڡ
ȻΪĵȽףбܵ˾ηͻ÷ߵļλ飬ͬʱ˽ķж²ŵ׷ʲô£
Ǳߣǵڶʳڤͥѵ˵鹥룬ȻͥеǿҲòˣ÷ߵһ˵
̫սӦ飬ƣڤͥһλ飬᲻֮ͥʣĻ䣬ԱߵһҲֳǸ򿪿˵
÷Ҳ¶ԼΣȴûп˵Ǳ߽ķ򣬵ȷڤ֮ͥ
˿һԤУͻڤ⣬ԤʾŽڤͥд
ڤʮ֮ڹâ֮·֮Դոߴâøҫۡ
˿̵ڤԡһƬ֮Уȫڤ
ʼˣ÷鲻Զһ֮УĽ⣬ַ·ϵȨޱ飬ͷ
֪ᷢʲô֪ʱ䣬÷ʱ仹Ҫܶࡣ
ǣȴֹҲֹڶʳڤͥں֮ǰͿʼıǵҲǳȫ棬׵ƻ
ڤͥĵ̣һֱǲɽˮֵıȽϵ͵ģ¶Ըʳ飬Ҳ̫ࡣ
һ棬Ϊڤͥĸ߲㣬֪һЩʳĵϸһЩ˼ɣ³̫Ҳѽʳ鳹׵Ľֻܲȡòѹʽ
һ棬ڤͥ󲿷ֵʵ飬Ϊڤ֮ⳡ֮ں֮ǰͱ֪ˣһ׼
ƾĶۣʵҪƻһڤͥıվϣȴô
ǽڵλԽԽߣ·һֽɫ̫ڤĺڰ֪ƺһʱ䣬Լ߸ոЩ͵ľƣҪټתֱˡ
Žߣڤеߣǽ⣬Ŀ˶ڵȴţڤͥĴЩ飬Ѿʱ̶ֵ׼ڤͥĴǷǳĲô¸һЩۣҲҪ߾ȫֹ
Ȼʱ˿̣Ƭҫ۵Ľ⣬ֻڤе˱˼䣬ҲܵƬӰ졣
ɽϣ÷˿֮ĪֵĽɫ⣬ǸѾһЩֶΣȻ޷׷ݵɫĸԴͷ·Щɫƾճ֣֮ġ
Īվɽߣҫ۵Ľɫ⣬ԼܹоһǿѹͬʱҲһԤУϾͻһ·
Լڤ֮м÷ʱ÷ԼǸܣѾȥһʱ䡣
ĪӸ÷Ľ飬ϱȥ÷ԼĽ飬ϱ飬ʳ鲻ܲ顣
֮󣬵ʳЩʲôЩĪӾЩ²ˣҲǵʳֱܹʣĿӦǵڶʳڤͥĪӲ²⣬Ӧڤͥıˡ
ǷıΪѾ׼ˣ˳ƶΪΪʳ֪ǰһͲö֪ˡ
ǽɫԽԽ֮䣬֮һƬҫ۵⣬ĪӸо·һϵĿ⣬·Ӿ֮ϣ֮ܿܿ
ɫһ£գâʼʢת˥ȿʼ½ֱ½һۣȴܹôĳ̶ȣʱȶ
˶ʶӦòͷϷʼʱ䡣
˼ֻǿ˳ڤеı仯ֵҪ΢һ㡣
ҫ۵Ľ⿪ʼȶ˶ע⵽ڽķһͬŽɫӰʼ֮ӴһȥֻоһƬ
һɫӰһλ飬ǵڶʳڤͥ꣬ĵ̡
Щڽɫ֮ԴΧɢҫĵطŹâҲֳһӰӰͷϷɫ֮УԼԿƯһ»ʯ


һ 챮
ɽϣĪ̧ͷգҫ۵Ľɫ⽥֮ûãϣͳһŽ⣬ŽյİУԼƯһ澫¶ֻʯ
ʯڽɫ֮Уͨ忴ǽɫҲ֪ǲɫʯʵأҲЩãƺı壬һͶӰ
Ī˫֮ɫĹâҪʯӣɾĪͼ͸ɫİʯӵʱԵڣͻȻһҽУסԼ˫ۣȻԵ˵ϡ
ĪĿѾͶ˽ɫ⣬Ȼһ̣Ŀע֮Уڽɫ֮еʯâͻȻбޱҫۣһֲֿĴ۹âһߵݵĪӵ֮ͫУ̸е˫һʹ͵ƿߡ
ƿ֮Īתڵķʼ滺˫۴ʹͬʱлӳһˮɫĹâ䵽һڲҽеڵϡ
ղͼ֮еʯҲһ˲䱻ʯ˫ЩʹһֻոУ͸һЩ
ҲڣҽеʱĪʵѾ˷ʯĵһʱ䣬ĪӾƿߣֻССĳһ
ŵһԵڣϵˮ⣬ڿвٷҽУ˫ס˫ۣϴʹ֮ɫ
Īߵڵǰס˫۵֣֮ȫˮǣ޸ͫס
̯Ԫ«ĪӵУȡɫˮĪӿٵĽ䵽޸˫֮УȻȡ͸ˮٿڵ˫ϡ
Ҷŵʹʩչ֮ôĪЩڷԸ
ĪӵĻҲʶʲôĵͷȻʼʩչ
ŰԼԸʩչڣĪӲɵЦһ¡
۵ģ֮еջЧ൱ĲΣҲΪˣԸղҲҵġ
ڵĲ״Ҳ÷۵ˣֹͣԭҪĶԶûгԿ
ĪӸղŵһܹ޸˫ۣһ۸һȺõˮʺʱá
ߣ˫ڻָ֮Уһϵеʱ䣬бŵʯѾһЩµı仯
ֻʯɫ⣬Ľʯ¶˳Ư֮еʯȻֻһͶӰѣʸзǳãȴѾ˳׵Ŀˡ
ʯɫֽͨɫƽһ㣬Ҵķǳ»ԵĸװΣõҲǳȻ
Īע⵽ȴЩװΣʯı棬Щ֣һ֣ÿһֵĺ棬ֵš
ɽ³׺ˮΰĪϸıһ֣кŵţȷǵڶʳڤֶͥΡ
ɫʯҲǳأĪϸıţ·ֺţĪӶܹ壬ʯϷ֣Щˣǵţȴܹ
ĪڿٵĶЩֻţͬʱҲڷɿţѾֻŵ
ſûм֣Ī֮һƴ쳹ء
֮־֮ˣڤͥأʮڣˣڤꡣ
ˣ챮ͨأͨ˵¼񣬷ߣΪ飬书ؿɼ˵ɲ飡

һƴ·Դڲ֪쳹ÿһ仰ֱģһþ˸еȵģĺ󣬶Щݡ
ߣΪ飡
񲻾Ǵţ˻ʳ뷷⣬жȡλΪķʽֶһַ֣ʽƺӵļ򵥣ֻҪдһ־ͺá
ֻҪдһ־ͺãȥ൱ջ󣬲ܶתһ־ãʵûô򵥣Ϊô򵥵ĻǹЩˣǰһ񲻾ǰ׷ˡ
һ˼ʼв룬µĲķǷʲôߴʲô̵֮ʱǵٴ𣬲һεݣȴֱһЩ˵бûˡ
⣬գ󣬻һ뷷ƷλСƽɽɽ챮¼
һ䣬Ư֮е챮·̸ֳһСС֣챮뷷һλ顣
徳ڣ˶Ǹ֣¶ɫвͬ
ɫȣƺͻȻ֮䣬һͨţڻ챮ܣĪ˼ԶӰ졣
е˶վڸԵϣڿ׵ģ˿̵ĪӣͬҲˡ
챮ϳ˵һոձֵ飬ĪӾ֪Լٲˣڤͥ鿪Ц
˿̣뷷ֻһʼѣǵ쳹أ³˵ڶ֡
ɢ޳ӢնħһΪذտɽ·׿뷷ƷλŻ񲮣챮¼
ܡ

ǵһ֣챮ϣˣж챮ܣҲû˶ٲϿɣڶʳڤͥ˴뷷Щ飬ʲô⣬ľ̫Ȥˣ
÷۵һֱţֱǵ뷷˵ʮλ֮ͣ
Ƭ̹֮֮е챮ԼȻ俪ʼ󣬱ɸߵһ޴ɫʯдһ֣ȫһĽ⣬ʯһ֮ͣС
ÿһ󣬶ڻŵģ·ÿһλ飬ǰΪĹ
̳ʱ̣ܶʮĹȻ챮ʧˡ
ĪԸеЩ⣬ΪǵһԵβһͳλãԷȻôɴľβˡ
ʧ֮»ָԭ÷۵ˣҲ׷תͷĪӣĪõһЩֻͣһˣĿȴգûлعͷ
Īע⵽ǵҲûпڣǣȴع
ƺҲע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬ܿ㳤ͷȻĪԴѯʵĿ֮Уԥһ¿ڵǿ챮УҵĶ
Īһǵ仰̾ˣָĶӦþʧȥԣ


 
÷УǶĪ˵仰֮󣬾ûټ˵ˣ÷۲գȻСȣ˶ϡ٣ǰǶһ㣬ЩͲ̫֪
챮Īа̾һ֪ǵԣǺûˡ
ӽ쿪ʼʢѾԤģԭԼչһѾ챮ĳ֣ɿһ֡
ĪӲ֪ʲôƷܣԼҪһӹɵġ
챮иܵԼʧȥԣʹԣҲ챮ƵĲϵһ֡
ÿһ飬ǵĵʹصӰ֮һֵȨһģ
ܹԵ飬Ƿëǣ֮٣飬ս֮߱ԣͻعأûжܹƾ˻úô
ԵãȻҲ׸̺ȨҲܹʹͬʱܸӽܵĹͨء
Ǹڽ챮ʱ򣬾˵й֮ͨܣԲ뵽챮ʱҪá
ǵļĪӴ˿ʲôû˵Ҳͬû˵ʲôֻǶĪ¶һɾʵЦݣһһ
ǵЦݣĪ˵ڲݣ·ǵĳǸСȱʧһֱۣԼʱ¶ǸЦݡ
ǼϵջأĪĿ΢΢һ£һĨâаһ
ڤͥڵȷԸˣⲻԺĪӶԸˡ
ԼδĪӳģֻҪ;䣬ôԼⷽأܹվһȽϸߵλãǺλ컯ȼ硣
÷۵ˣûдĪ֪ٸղŷϢΪϸϢĪ֪Ҳֻ࣬ܵȰټѧõϢϢ͹
÷۵֮УΪղŵ飬ܵӰһˣĪӵˮİ£˫Ѿָˡ
ڵ˫ۻָ֮ʱ΢Щ죬Ϊһ˫ͫףȻͫɫ
˫۶ɫģĿ־Өɫ˵ʱоͺСǡ
ָоһϣܻ˾Щһ˵ϣǾֻ˸еˡ
÷ж֮ˣ̫עЩ⣬ԼԼ˫۾ڸоͦġ
ھԼøˣĪӸղŵһ֮˫ۣʱһֱ״̬ܿĶҪ֮ǰøϸ΢ԼһЩĹҲõ˼ǿ
һֱ״̬̫ãȵʱ֮Ӧòͻָڼ䣬ڵӦûһЩ
ʱ˿̣ͬɽƽѾǰӿˡ
Ȼոշ֮У˴飬Ȼĸ
ڶʳڤͥµķ֮Ӵϵļһӱɿ˴룬ԭڵڶʳڤͥδ΢Щõˣһ˲ŤתԼӡ
ڤͥ챮ⳡ֮ϣ˲ռȻ˷ƣ˳ʢ˥ĸ
Ӵˣڤͥͳĵλɶҡ
ǵڷʱҲǳĻ뷷ʮЩ˵ݺǵķǳ㣬ͨգһЩͣǲδʳĻʳڵˣЩԲͨɢޣԼټѧɵĵӵȡ
Щݣڸ紫һźţڤͥ뷷µʱ򣬲ڱ뷷ߵݣȡһͬʵķʽİգǷڤͥҪģпܳΪ顣
ѾһֹķʽʳȨˣӽҪΪ飬˸ѡ񣬶ȵõʳ뷷⣬ڤ֣ͥоҪһЩ
ܶԪʼηˣ־ڳΪˣѾʼ㣬Ƿа취ͨڤͥԼ
Щ뷨˺ܿʶʵһûᣬڤͥոչֳԼյµĳΪķǽһӰʱܹʱЩʲôױڤͥɡ
һЩ˼ˣ˵оԼԪ޶࣬ҪˣѾʼ¶ģ׼Ҫʲô
˼ʵõģϾǵʳ¶ڤͥµĳʽȽлʳѹţʲôˣҲñȽСĿƣûʲôľٶ
ڤ֮ڣΪڤǿڤ֮ͥ˲ڤ֮еĿ⣬ҲҪ֡
֮£ԭһֱƣȴ˿õĵʳ飬⼸ͱ÷ǳ͵ˣԭһЩ¶ĵʳҲ˱Ҫ֮⣬ʣµҲӰ
ЩӰ֮УͰԭȥص÷
ڤֶͥΣЩ飬Ȼ޶ԡ
ʵӵ쿪ʼѾͼҪڤͥˣֻЩȫĸˣеĽ˶֪ǵȷǳļҡ
һûռʲôˣֻϢģ˻ȥȴûзڤͥ챮⡣
÷УĪӸոյټѧôϢǹڤͥĴġ
鷢ĪյϢмѾȥʱ䣬ϢĲʱҲرֻǴµĽһԭίһڰеĽ档
ʱķͣĪѾע⵽ڤͥĴۣͻȻ
˵ûȻҲ˵µĳ֪֮ǴӺδϢ˵ֳ֮кܴȱݣ챮ϼ¼֣׾ٵĳΪ飬ôһֱĨȥˣǲֻ±ݣ
һ˵˵Ƚױɭϣͨ챮дֳôǷζţԼɣӴȫ֮ˣȻΪ飬ȴΪ˿ܣĳ֮Ƿֵã
Щµĳۣ֮һʱ֮۷׷ף˵硣ֳܿһЩ˵һЩԭȵ˼һӾͺһˮʱٹһ¡
ĸ˵ԽԽ࣬ӰһЩͨİգƽҲһЩʱĪӾͲˣЩµĳ֮ĸ˵Ǵġ
ܹô̵ʱڣЩ˵壬ϢĻܹһ㣬ͬʱҲôģֻǻʳˡ


 ط
Īӻɽľƣȴû뵽ڤͥİңһμ˷羺
÷УĪжžƱǰķ羺һƣ΢ЦŽ÷Уſ˵
ѽǰ֪ν£
Īڽ羺ǸееģһεԼٴμ羺ӦûõȼŶԡ
ת֮䣬Ī뵽飬ͻȻµһЩԷʱ⡣
ĪӶķ羺ĪӵĻеľƱĪӿ˵ҴĿģʵ׼Ѻһǰ֮ϣ֪Ī׼ˣ
˵仰ʱ򣬷羺ûעĪӣ΢΢ͷĿԼеľƱв֪ʲô
Ī羺ĻҲһȻ
ĪͻԪɾ֮֮ûǰ֮ϣԭΪĪѪҹһս֮Уֵ̫ۣһ֮ˮĴˮıɱ
ʱĪǰ֮ϣضڰ;ܵһİҲ޷֤ĪӾԻᰲȫֲŻĪݱܷͷȵǼȶȴһЩĪǰ֮ϡ
Ϊ֮Ĺϵ߿ʼתˣĪǼȶȴĺܿ죬һη羺ʱ򣬸Īӵʮ꣬ΪڤͥĴ׽ע˹ȥѾĪǰ֮õʱˡ
羺˵֮󣬹˼ʱ䣬ûĪӵĴ𸴣̧ͷĪʵĪǻδ׼ãʲôĹǣ
Īԣ΢΢ĵͷȻ󿪿˵ǰʤмǰ֮ǰһ̡
Ī뽲羺ĿֱĪӣɫƽĿ˵
ʷѣȥ֮ϣܷĻЩʲôƣĪͬɫƽĿʵ
Ҫ뿪֮ǰĪӱȸ飬ȥǷǳȥģϾ֮ϣԼĸ֣ʶӾʵķ羰ӴӸĴȥ֮ǰҪȸ֮Ϻ󣬶ʱܷص
Ԫ٣˼ԪɣҲôЩѣı߹ǰߣţҲֻлʳЩżֵԪɣɾϵǿߣ˼
ȻĪΪȺ֮У´ҡڵ߹ֻҪ뱻˷֣Ԫµߣ;ԷֲĪӦò˼Ԫɾǿϡٵԭ
Īӵ⣬羺üͷ΢΢壬΢ͣһ£ſĪӿڵҲĪѣǰ֮ϣȷͻΪÿһԪɣȻûǿƵԼҲҪеһЩְ𣬲뿪»ϣĪܹף
羺˵仰ʱ΢һЩȰοĿǣѪҹصʱ򣬾͸߹ĪӣԪɣܹԼڣҪΪ壬еְġ
Īڻûǰ֮ϣȥ֮λ羺мˣˣ羺µӡ󶼲̫á
Ī˷羺ı仯¼ڵӦ֪ʵʱ䲢˫׻ڣֻѸߣһȥ÷ۼҵܹĵ£Ǽе˫ףһʱȴЩԷģ
Īһ˵ţͷһºӹķ
ڣĿǰûдõ飬Ǽеĸĸ
Ÿĸ½ߣȻڻǳӲʣԪߵͷʱ򣬸ĸΰãĪЩһֱڿǵ⡣
֮ǰѡȨ˶ԼϲûбֳڳԣΪһʵֵũҷ򸾣ǾЩѾǳˡ
еŮгϢϴĪӸһλˣʣµŮҲһɾͣͥҲҸӺﶼôˣ˶ô޺
Ⱳһֱºӹ壬ΧϤˣЩϤͬһıϣԵñͬҪܶ࣬ѾоЩˣĪȻ˵ܹǳ֮·ɶϾãЩԼϤѶˣţҲоܹµġ
ϵЩǶ׿ڸĪӵģĪӸǵЩܹԪҩԼҲûù
Īȴ֮дֲܹţʵûжԸѡȻֻתֻͨأܾǰļ䣬ǾͻϿһµˡ
Īɽ֮ôĪӣһΪǵȷоϤȥԵҪͬһЩ˴֮־Уһ棬ʵҲΪĪӣΪһǣҡ
ĪɽԼҲѾĪӰĲµǣңĪÿ뿪߻֮ǰҪºӹ忴ϾãȵгһղˣҲһǣңԸȥ׷ҪĴ
ĪЩתͷŷ羺ЦЦ˵ˣˣþТҪģҲӱε˼⣡
羺ĪӵĻ΢һ£ȻĿ˳ĪӵߣͬºӹķתͷĪһۣ³Цݡ
ҸղĪˣĪҲ꣬лиĸ˫׽ڣ羺Դһ˿Ǹ˵ͬʱҲԼĸĸ˫ףѾ˺þˣĸĸͲˣ¶ֻ˺öˡ
˼ǰ֮ϣ̫ѣֻҪͿԣ֮ϻص˼䣬΢һˡ˽ĪҪɣ羺ͿʼĪӵ⡣
ԭ֮Ϸ˼䣬ֻҪԭ·Ϳԣڵĸ壬Ϊ˷ֹԪ񾳽ϵ˼䣬ȫǿ֮вһЩֶΣͨԪɣ޷׵ԭ·˼䡣
ԣ֮Ϸ˼䣬ҪһЩ취򵥵İ취֮ǰڸͨڤֻҪܹ֮ʹͨڤͿǰڤȻٻת˼䣬и岼µֶθţ֮ʹͨڤ˼ҪѺܶ࣬һ㣬ĪǱĵһʱ䣬ضĪûжѡ
֮⣬㻹һλ֮ϵ㣬һλǿֵ߳ĻͿԽֱͻ˼䡣
˵羺ͣһ£֣صĿĪ˵ص˼ķʵ٣һĪǾǻص˼֮ǰеְһҪɣҪôҸ˴㣬ԲΪһʱ⣬ʹʧ
仰羺˵ķǳ֣أ仰ҲĪ֪ЩԪɣٻص˼ԭ
ǻزӦϳеһЩΣ߲ˡ


 
Īںͷ羺һ̸֮˴֮Ϸ˼䣬ҪҲˣΪʲô˼Ԫɺٳֵԭˡ
֮ϣĪǱҪȥģ˿ƫһ磬֪֮㣬֪֮󣬺οĪӳɾԪɣѾһЩֹעˡ
ϣһҶ󣬻塢ˮǿлţ£ΪһԱͱҪеӦΡ
ĪӺ֪֮ϣһľɫܹĸ֣ԼǷлԵܹйλ컯档
羺Īһ̸֮ʱɽסˣĪӼʱ䣬ĪӰһԼ飬ѵҲãؼ㸸ĸ˫ҲգʱˣͻĪһǰ֮ϣԼ뿪
ɽϣһνĪӺͷ羺÷£ǳĽ̸š
ҼٵСţкܶʵĪ÷ӵģʵټ羺ĿԶգһ˵
ƫԶСۣŵĵ٣ӵֲ࣬ԸԵЩѼЦˣĪҲûлͷȥ羺ĿҲԶգͬһĵӻش
羺ԣҡҡͷ˵ĪѲ˵Цˣ÷۵ı֣ɲȱٵ̣ѾʼˣɢʵȴжȣȻ٣ȴĽ
羺ĳޣĪβûнӻֻתͷЦһ¡
÷۵ڵӣ˵ĪӶģŵͯĪҲòܸ˵ϣٵĶһЩ覴ãʮȫʮˣŵȱ㣬ԶҪ֤ûȱҲͬûоԡ
ӵ⣬Ī˿÷۵ĴУĪҲûκεĵģֻҪڣоһֱڡ
ߵƳĪԼѾɾԪɣǵΪҲԽԽߣպҲܹɾԪɣ÷۵ĵӣҲڲϵӣȻµӵƵʺܵͣ÷˵Ѿȫ㹻ˡ
Īûаѻȥ羺ҲܹϵĽ⣬һת˵Īʱ䣬ŵ飬ŵӦò˰ɣ
ŴԣĪĵͷȻ󿪿ڻشȷѾŵĲˣ÷˶ϡ٣µĵӶڣѾټǣ鶼ˣҵĴǣΪѾ˴磬֧ŵţ뿪֮󣬾ִ÷ۣ
ʱĪӾ͸еĵӣҪȥ֮ϿϢϢ÷۵еж׼Ī˵Ϣʱ򣬴Ҷûбֳκε֮ɫ
֮Ī˵÷Լ뿪ִ֮ƵϢҲûκʲôԵΪĪӵĵһӣǲΪ棬ʺϵѡĹأСŵһ㶼ɴĸֵεģĿǰ÷УҲֻôһĸ֡
ƽĴСټڵİģ𽥳ɳˣ÷߲ʲôġ
Ī׼ʲôʱȥͼе˫׵𣿡ĪѾߵ鰲׵ˣ羺ּʵ
⣬Īӻվ˷羺һۣ³֡
ڣ
һ䣬Īӵλһ⣬˲εضºӹķȥ
Ī뿪ıӰ羺ԭһҲûжȻԼһеƣĿ⿴Զգ˰֮ƺҲеЩģվɽϵһԺȥ
⼸ɽ羺ĪӵĶں˼˼ǳҵҲܴɽΨһһԼ׽ġ
һ񾳽ʿһԪ׽⵨ӲһĴ󣬲Էķִķǳĺãֻ˾Ȥᣬһֱˡ
£羺ɴȥͽܣҲһǳȤ顣
ٴλصºӹ壬ĪӽŲ˼ţԼҵԺǰŶ룬һĪڼֻԼĸףûпĪɽӰ
ĸ׵ƺԶŸɲĻһ̶вƿŵһ̣Īӿժˡ
ĪӻĪӵĸҲû⣬ֻ΢ЦڵӶˣ
ţĪԣĵ˵ͷȻ󻺲ߵĸ׵ߣȻĶӣĸֱߵĲˣʼæ
ĪӵĸҲûоܾĪӵİæһе飬һ߼ʿ˵Ǹմ׼Ҫȥﰡ
׼ԶţҪȥһʱ䣡Ī΢ЦŻشͬʱеĶҲǳ
ҪȥĶǽñȽϽĻʱȥǣĸ׼Ц˵
ĪӾһ㣬Ѿϰˣ֮˸ȥȥܶطܷ㣬ҲҪԼҴӵİȫ
ñȽԶûʲôᣡĪԣش
ŶҪȥĶĸʵҲĪȥģΪĪ˵ˣҲһ֪طľֻͨһһ䡣
ȥ֮ϣĪ΢΢ͣһ£ſ˵
ΣܳȥʱȽϳ
֮ϣ೤ʱ䣿Īӵĸ׼еĶֻǶȴʼˣҲЩеʵ
Ҫʮ꣬ҲܣøãϣԸĸĪӲ˵ѡ
ʮܻ꣬øãĪӵĸ׿ظһĪӵĻԭѾĶʱ򳹵׵ֹͣˣҲ¶һ˿ᡣ
ȻƽĪӾɽûкסһ𣬵Īӵĸ֪ԼĶԼԶγţȻҪôʱ䣬ȻеЩᡣ
ܿ죬Ӧһ£ǾǸղĪ˵Ҫȥĵط֮ϣ뵽ɵ̧ͷһգȻֿŻڵͷժ˵ĪӣͻȻӲһЦݡ
Ҫȥϣȥ𣿰ҲȥˣӶͬˣ͸ȥ˴ĵطõǣ
ĪӴ˿ȻͷȴܹĿĸǿЦݣкժŵĲҶ
һ̣ĪͣеĶվֱһĸףȻ˵
İɣҺܿͻģ
ͻȻӱһ£Īӵĸжʱоһů
СͶµĴӣûٹ̫ģΪĸĪɽˣоЩǷӣΪԴĪӸ÷֮ΪĸǣƺûиĪʲôҪģǵĴڣĪӵһǣҡ
ԭӦø߸ϵˣΪᾭСɽ壬ʱʱľͻ
񣬴ҪȥĵطˣĪӵĸ׾ãԼĪӵĺˡ


 
ĪӴºӹصɽʱʱѾϣ羺֣صɽĪӣƺ
黹Īӣ羺΢ЦſʵĪѻȥ˫׵ôоʲôϲһ
ûʲôֻͨһЩѣĪҲ΢ЦŻش
ڷܷ羺ͨһЩ£黹
صºӹȥͼеĸĸĸЩϸ΢ľٶҪĪӵΪԭѸߵĸĸû¶ĵĪӣһ
Ҫøĸ
֮дֲЩҵˣѵνˣ޴ڣܿܿжǲηġ
Խ֮ǰǸ磬ݹʷжٵ࣬ӢۺܣʱΪץסǲڵһ˶ٻ֮¡
ĸδǲ볤ֻǲԸܹ¶ͬʱΪŮۣԲѡջ
Īӽȥĸ𣬵˵ʱĪͻȻ֮ͨˣĸһֱڣһǣңͬʱҲһݼУһǣҺͼУôԼԺߵһǣܻԼһЩӰ죬ͬҲסԼԼʧ
¶Եģûģ鱾Ӱ֮⣬ġ
Īɽ򸾵֮·ԺҲ߲˶Զʹܹøģ˵Ϊһ·ѵ磬Ҳ޷ֵͨĿ顣
ĪĿǰ뵽ð취ʵֻĸ취ĪӵֻǴѡ
ʱ䲢ôȵģĸһЩԪҩͿӳ˵ܻ֮а취ġ
Ī鴦Ĳ˰ɣ֪µ黹Ҫգ羺ٴʵ
һЩѣҾͲȥԵˣдһЩżµĵӴΪת͵һͬɣĪ׷羺˼ԷڴߴԼˡ
Ϊһɾĸ֣֮ǰѪҹأ羺ʵûôʱ䣬˷ѡ
ãĪӸһԼҪĴ𸴣羺˵ͷȻĪӴ˸кȥϢˡ
վ÷УĪĿɽɽǵĽⲻϵ䣬ɽͤһƬ֮С
ĪջĿ⣬ֿԼ÷ʩչһˮ⣬÷
ˮɫĹâϵ÷Ī΢΢ЦЦת߽Լķ䡣
Ҫ뿪÷һʱˣǾԲ̫ãһġ
ص֮УĪӿʼдţȵȻհˣĪࡢĪǣһЩѣڹϵԶһЩģûбҪдˣΪһȥֲǲˡ
Щ֮ĪӾͺһҹһֱڶϣճ˽ΣżһһԵȺķ羺
⼸ͷѾõˣѾԳˣߵ羺ĸǰĪ΢Цſ˵
羺˵ͷȻĪѾ׼׵ھͳɣĪң
羺Ļһ䣬ĽŲǰһλһ׹⣬ֱĳ˲ʧ˴ҵҰڣٶ֮죬Щզ࣡
ĪӶڵӵͷҲһɫĶݹ⣬˲εضֱ
ԹԣԪɣݹٶȣʵ̫ˣĪӺͷ羺ʧ÷۵ոЩ䣬ȴڵĻɺǰһƺûΪĪӵ뿪ܵκεӰ졣
˶תڣҲŴңע˵Ŀ⣬ŲæĿڵ
ʦֻȥһ֮ϣֲǲˣ޷ȥʱ΢һ㣬ܵøʮϰ꣬ⲻǺ߱չһΣܶüʮʱ䣬Ǿ͵ʦչ˲ͺˣһʲôģ
ô˵˵ͷҲ˵ʦ˵öԣʦһȥվҪģ޷γȥʱ䳤һˡ
һԵûпڣһЩеУϵ˸֮ɫ˺ܶࡣ
ĿƳһԼʦҲͻȻ˵ʦ˵ʦ˼һʱΪûжٽ㵽ʱ᲻úܶ
ɵĻһɫĿⲻƵؿ˵
ллѣΪʦȻҲúܶΪ˱ΪʦʱΪʦ֡Ϊʦ̫ʱҪѣ㲻һôã˵ܹϵʦͬڶʱڳɾԪɣʱ㻹ȥ֮ʦҪǼ㣬һ÷ǳοģ
ڵһ˵꣬ɣԼԺ䡣
С֮÷۵ˣɢȥƽʱһȥˡ
˵һߵʱܳĪ뿪ʱ䣬Ҳֻһչؾͻȥȫû˸еıҪ
ڷ羺ĺ棬ĪӸоԼѾٶȣȻ䱳ɾķ羺ʵȻҪĪǿĿǰٶȣڶԷ˵ѾǱȽϿƵˡ
ٶȷɿĶˣ뿪ԶɽûãֱӴƲ㣬ֱӷյĸߴ
Īһֱ֪ĴڣǴ񣬴ûֱߴС
Ʋ֮ϲϵϰθߣĪӸоԼ˺ܳһξ룬ڸоǰķ羺ͣˡ
ֹƬ̵ĹĪڿ˷羺ӰԷǹͣԼģͷϷһƬޱ޼ʵ㡣
ۿȥǰ㲢ױ֣ΪûκεɫֻһƬ͸գѹδҲܹĸо
ˣ羺ֵĪӣ΢ЦָͷϷ˵
￪ʼҪСһЩˣķΧǳĹг֮⣬һЩܴڵΣգԼһЩɲı˵ʯ
УһЩĸפУһЩˣڣСռ䣬С磬һĪѿעһ£
ڣĪע⻤סԼҽ㣡
羺һ˵꣬ϱһɫĹ֣λƯͬһˮһ㣬ûС
ĪһĿ⿴һ·ܹģֻǿôƲ㡣
óľԪ飬ԼͷɢͬһʸеɫâĪҲûжԥ뵽֮С
ڽһɲǣĪ̸оԼķʼΧ޴ڵģֻԼߵ磬ƺԵЩԣͬճҺһ㣬ûʲô̫ǿĹ
̶ֳȵ磬Ҫ˵Īˣһĸ֣ҲԶŷʱд


 Хɵ
УƾľԪķĪӸڷ羺󣬲ϵŸߴǰУģĪӷ㣬ԼеҪܶࡣ
㣬Ȼδ¶֮񣬾ôĸ޷ͨˣĪӸоԼѾ˺ܾãȴ֮У֪ʱܴɵ
Ĺǿĸ֣ƾеķҲܹݵд󣬵ǰֺȣʿͺƾ֮ˡ
Χ޴ڵ磬ÿʱÿ̶ĪӵķҲڿԽɷĽ֮ڵɱΪſɵ֧ŵġ
һ߲ϵϣĪʵҲע֮е˵粢ûɫһȥͺ͸һʵУܼǷǳĵ͵ġ
״̬Щճ磬Ӱ쵽ߵʶԾʶ̽ⷶΧҲ˺ܶ࣬һʶ̽һķΧͻܵӰ죬޴ڵĥ
ڿɼķΧ֮ڣӽ㵽ڵʱ䣬ĪѾһЩ˼Ķ
г֮⣬ûĶֻĶ٣Һѱ֡
ĪӷųʶΧżһЩĽᾧ壬оЩʯʵȴǣЩᾧʯ̺Ҫٵö࣬ҲǳСܹһģпγɵʯ
ĪӻΧһ͸ˮΣͨˮοûʲôҲһģһǽˮηУǾͻ˸еЩͨˡ
Īˮ˹׼Ƚˮȵ֮ϣʱʱоһ¡
ˮֵһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸о̺ΧͬһԴеǳȶ
ȷһˮֻĪӲʶǽ
û뵽ЩջܸԪ«֮һµˮˣĪ
Īǰķ羺ƺע⵽ĪӵĶϷеٶ΢һЩĪӵĶС
ĪȻҵһˮ
羺ĴĪͷһ̴صҪˮкã
ĪӵĴ羺֪ĪӲ֪ˮãǱٴν
У磬֮УҲ˲ٵġɲģˮȻɲģҲһˣҪǴǿȣҲ֮ãһЩķţҲܹõϡ
ˮһʹõʱȽϴĪһԼһ£˵һЩܶռһЩǲԼû˽ǿԵģ
ԭˣлѽ󣡡˷羺ĽͣĪӶŶԷһлҪ̶ԷһЩ飬ͻȻʶȴԼ߲ԶȻһ죬ƾƯ֮С
Ī羺ԼģУҲפأһЩ֣пСռ䣬С磬ԿԼԶĵԼԶĵʱĪӲδеȣǺȴġ
羺ӦҲ죬еٶٴνһЩҲһδĪӵĶС
ǷХɵפص֮һĵһλɾĸ֣Ƿ֮ʮλѳפУХɵܹ֮ƶһ̶λãû뵽ܹ
һŷ羺ĻĪͬʱҲϸĴХɵ֮һ裬ǰһʱоԪ顷١
Īϸһ·Хɵ֮󣬷ɵһ޴ķ˼ҲǳȻĹܣֳ˺üơ
·ɽ壬ͨ¶ʯͷһʵײ㣬ڲĽĪӿһЩԼɼķĵĹܣĪӻܹϳġ
ЩĵãƺνӵģĪӲ²⣬ɵˣƺɵ֮£ٸһ㣬ǲ֪Էô
ɵв㣬ĪӸܵһЩ޵ȻĪֿ֮УһЩױֵģε׷׵ıɵΧȻһЩɵ֮ڣһЩǱų档
ЩɵڵģĪӾʶеһʯһղŲյһεˮ
Щųģһ·ϼֽᾧ塣
ϲ㣬ĪһʱͿ̫ĵϸˣŷͿռ֮ܡ
ĪɵɵϵˣƺҲĪֻǹ޵Ĳɨˣһˬʵ
񣬻λ½ĵѣӦñĪѰɣХɵƣѣ
ĪԵķ羺ңңĶŶԷһ΢΢ͷ˸кûлػҲûͣסŲֻǴĪӼߴȥ
Хɵϵƣͬûмڣڴк֮ɵһȥȫûĪӶ;СЪһµ˼
;СĪ΢еЩ⣬ԷȻͷ羺ʶǱ˴·ȴԵ÷ǳƽֵͷ֮·˼
ȻЩ⣬ĪӲûʣΪҲ漰һЩ˽˵ĹϵĪӺͷ羺֮Ľ̸϶ⷽ治ô
һ·ϣĪӸĹעΧˣ羺ҲѹһЩٶȣһϷУһ߸ĪӽһЩ
羺ĽܣĪӶڵҲ˸˽⣬ϵĹУĪӿֿٵСռ䣬С磬ǳõģõһʯ
ЩֿٵСռС磬羺඼ûдĪӽȥֻм·һռʱ򣬷羺Īӽȥ˿
Сռ䲻̫ĻҲȽϿտϡڲĽȴ١
շ羺⴦Сռ䣬һСռ䣬еֻཻף˴˽Ĺܡ
羺Īӽȥʱ沢û̫ˣǵȴǲ٣ĵ֮УĲˣһ߾߷ǳµĿܡ
Щ֮УһλԪɵͷͶԷʵҲǺһλԪɽ
ĸפأûô࣬Ҳûôʱ˷ַʵһܲѡ
뿪⴦Сռ֮Īָŷ羺һ·ϣģоΧѹʼˣͺжԵ磬Խϵʱ򣬿ʼһ㡣
ӦÿҪ˰ɣֱܵ仯ĪûжپȣãԼӦþҪ㣬ǿ֮ˣ


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ĪӸоΧѹԽԽоԼܿ뿪緶Χʱߵķ羺Ҳǡʱ
ǾҪ뿪ķΧˣĪעˣ
羺ֱӿ϶Īӵ뷨ҲĪӵһ˿ȣԼҪ֮ˡ
Χһξ룬ƺŻԾһ㣬ŷϢĴߵķȴ޷κεˣֱĪӸоԼϵѹͻȻһɣԭΧ޴ڵ磬һȫʧˣʶԼѾķΧ
Եķ羺ϰɫĹʧĪҲƯͷľԪջء
ջľԪһ̣ĪͻȻоΧǳİû˿
ĪӴһΧԼһƬܿտĻ¾㣬ΧԼ֮⣬оʲôûС
ԼͷϷԼƺһ͸ıĤ͸͸ıĤĿǱĤ棬ڰֺޱߵǿա
ڷ·ޱߵĺǿ֮ҫŵǳĪվҲܹģǱ̫̫Ŵǡ
ȻǱ˴ĺԶΪǿ֮УΪҪǳ䱾ȻųѰ졣
ĪĿֱֱĿϷ͸һ͸ıĤƬޱߵǿգд˿һĪ
ĪӾǰǿѾܽˣӸоСǿգԼӰ·ֻǲ׺һڣСɳȫĲۡ
ǿмҲһƬǳտֻҪǽǿ֮ˣĪҲ͵֮ϣ羺𣬶Īӽ
˵֮󣬿űǰǿסĪӣ羺˵Īǰ߰ɣԵ貵ǿգԺĪ룬ҲռһǳĶ
һ˵꣬羺ǰһֱӿ͸ıĤһ˽ȥ
ͽȥˣĪӿŷ羺Ķо΢Щ⣬֮ǰ羺͹ǿͨм䣬и岼µĽ޷׵ĴǿȻȥܲӰ죬ǲӦЩֶܹΣû뵽ҡڵĽȥˡ
ţĪҲٳɣ˷羺ĽŲҲǲ͸ıĤȻ˽ȥ
͸ıĤҪ߽еʱĪӻԸоһģ΢õܹȥ
ȻӰмȥһ̣ĪӸоһϤĿռ任֮УҸеһΣյĸооһŨǳ֮
Щоһ֣ͬĪӷӦһ̣ĪӾ͸оǹɿռ任֮ʧˣԼǰľɫȻһ䣬·һŨǳ֮УΧҲſʲôԼоЩƮƮġ
ӭĪ֮ϣվĪԶ߱תͷһͼ羺İһЦؿԼ
˵Ĵ翴ǳأֻһɫĵۣеƮʣ˵һۿǶˣͻøС
÷ĪӣλѣĪ֪˲רģпܾǵԼģŶԷкͬҲõǴķʽ
ҶǸ˴֮ˣĪѽҶɣĪӵĻһ˼΢Цſ˵
Էô˵ĪӿһһԵķ羺ͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ĪǸŷ羺ģʱҲֻѯһ£羺ĪӵĿ⣬Ҳ΢΢ͷ˵ĪҵҲˣĪѸλѾͺãǻĪаһ£ҽһϤһ֮ϵ
羺ĻĪ֪ԷٴԼˣԷһ·Ҳ鷳˼Ҳ٣Īӱͷ˵ˣǱлһ·ͣлᣬպۣ
羺ٴЦŵͷȻֻعͷԵһۣ˵һʲôα仯һ׹⣬Ÿߴȥ
ĪɣҶȴȥһţ֮ϸĽһǿ֮еڷ羺뿪֮˿Īӣ̬º͵ĶĪٴδ˵
Ǿ鷳λˣĪٴζŶһ˵
˵Īӿ˵֡
֪λγƺ
ĪѿˣҶֵܣ곤һЩǮҵܵǮĪӵʻ֮һ˿˵
ǮǮ˾ȻֵܣĪӲɵøеΪ⣬˵֣ĪӾ͸еЩϲˡ
ǮǮֵܶ˹Ҳ֪Լֵ⣬˵ֵʱ򣬶ע⿴һĪӵı飬ĪӲδֳκʧ֮ŶһۣǮ˵
ĪѸոǿ֮УһЩطѾĪѽˣҶٸĪѽһЩɣҲĪԺҪ֪ģ
仰˵ָָ꣬·ղĪķ򣬼˵Ҿȴ㿪ʼɣ
˼֮ϣΪڽ£ǱҪͨ㣬ܵǿ֮У
ĪѸոմ㣬еѾ飬ҪĪһ£ҪС㣬պ֮Ķ֣սĪؾ
ǿ֮䣬һ͸ıĤĪѸղҲˡ͸ıĤ֮ΪĤ˸ǿպ֮⣬Խǿ֮޴ڵǳ֮͸Ĥ֮ϣǧ飡
ڿĤ֮ϣи岼µĽѾعֹԪϵʿ׵ĴӿĤȥڴͨĤԪɣ򲻻ֹ
ĤϸĽУһֿռֶοԽˣ͵Χڣͱ֣ͨǿ֮Уͻᱻ͵⸽һ㶼ҶˣԼλһͬĪǿ֮еģҲҪһЩ
ĪǮĽԼղŴĿĤҲ˽һЩ
ǮĻ˵ԵǰҲڵǿ֮еĪӦѾ˽һЩɣǿ֮УʵҲֻ࣬ڴϣֻҪˮ壬ҵȻҪ壡
ˮ壬ǵҪһЩȴռǿ֮ǳԴ˳֮ҲѧϰøֶŪһЩ壬Щպ˽⵽ġ
˵Ǯ΢ͣһ£ɫ΢һ㣬Ȼ󿪿ڵһرһĪѣΪﵽɾ֮ǰǧҪǰ̫̫Ŵǣ
һ˵ţǮһָָͷĪӿĿǣܾԶƺǶȫ˾ֶ


 
̫̫ŴǣĪ羺ģʱ羺Ҳ߹Ϊûеɾ֮ǰǧҪŴǣҵʱĪ˵ԭ
ŴǵΧǸУ̫źʿΪҵĵط˵ռŴǣޱҪãһóһһ
лλѣҶģĪӶǮǮ˸лԵˣ˺ȰǶԼһ⣬Ļǵ
Īô˵˶֪Īӽ˵ĻȥˣٽôݵĽӴӡжĪѾ˲ĸй١
Ǯ˵һĪѼסͺãȵĪΪɾ磬Ȼܹ̫̫Ŵȥ
Ҫȥĵط˴һǣǣǰԶĪ뿴
Ǯһ˵ţǰһָָķĪӿǿյһǳâǹΧǳɢĹֻҪϸĹ۲죬ֱܹĳ
ǣǿ֮кյļ֮һһ˾֮ǣͬҪļ֮һ
Īȥţ֮Էǳ꾡˽ǿ֮еͥҲܿ͵ѽӴϤһУ
Ǯ˵䣬˷ɵһƬƯŵʯشֱӴзɹڴƬʯشʱĪЩʶ̽һЩʯЩʯ֮Уƺ̺һЩģľ
ڴϵʱʵǱȽټģνǴʯ֮ģһЩ絶֮ķʱмһЩһЩļ̶̳Ⱥͷ̶ȡ
ڴϱȽټģǿ֮УȻ˵ǣȻǱȽϳġ
Ǯע⵽Īӵ̽飬ڽ͵ĪӦע⵽Щʯ̺֮˰ɣЩǿ֮зǳڴ˵ؽʱʱҲ˳ֽһЩͨĤ뵽أͶ뵽徳ڿտҲǸʿ΢͵㶫
Ǯ仰Īӿ˶ԷһۣͻȻһ飬Ǿ徳ʯأд̺һЩģٻпյġ
Щ徳ڵʯ˺ٵһ֮⣬ƺҲûжɹʲôصΣ
Īǰû⣬Ǯôһ˵ʶԭЩ徳ڵʯд󲿷־ȻЩԪŵġ
СֵĿյģһΣģӦȻʯˡ
뵽ĪӸʶǿնҪˣ岻ռһֵǿգǿ֮ûôһ죬ռͷǿյһҪ·ֵʱֱӾͿԴӸ߿մʱʯ콵꣬¾ˡ
һһ˵ĪԭãǰܹǣԼ̫Զֱʱ֮Ȼǿ֮УžƺԽԽҲԼҰбԽԽǣûеʱĪӲʶԭ߿Կĵط뾹ȻôԶ
ǮǮǸʿڸģҲֻͬʱҲǺæʱĪһȥ
ʱʱ䣬˸ĪӽĶ˵ıȽϸ£ĪӸоǳ
⼸ʱУ˴˿еõЩĪӶǿյĹ㲩Ҳ˸ᡣ
Լһǣû뵽ôʱ仹ûе;ĪѾ˼΢Сǳ
⼸΢СǳСһţĪӵѪҹؼǿŲ࣬һţȫм֮أеһ΢СǳϣĪӻƺ˼
ֹ˼ʱʱ䣬ĪӿǰǰǿԼҰ֮УѾһȻľ޴ǳиеر𺳡
ǿ֮еǣȻ֮ôĴǣָôʲô̶ȣǰǣĪӲ
ں嫵ǿ֮УܸӵĸܵСᵽ֮
ˣһλǰĪǽȥɣǮĪ˵
Īڵ飬ȫԲµΪѾ֮ϵˣǿ֮󣬱𺳵ֱ飬뵱Լˣǿյʱֺγأ
ǰ;޴ɢҫ۵ǳ֮ǣĪӸǮǮˣǳڷȥ
ڿǳĹУĪӸом޵Լ߻һûεʶҲԼΧɨһȦͷɵһݡ
ԼΧ⼸ȫԪɾϵĸ֣ǹʶǴﵽɾĳ̶ȣټϸղǮǮ˵ϣһλɾǿǵķ˵൱ǿˡ
ĪµĹУоǳı棬һεͺһ㣬ֻûɱ΢谭Լٶȡ
һεҲֻ谭һµãûӰ쵽Ī䵽ǵĵϡ
Īǵһ̸̣ܵһŨлŨǳ֮Ҹо˲һ㡣
䵽ϣĪӵͷŽǵĴأµĵطΪ̾͵ʯ壬ǰԶܹһΰĳǳأĪӴо˲ٵϢȻϣв١
ٵ壬϶ȫԪɾĸ֣ٲ˻һЩΪȽϵ͵塣
Ī֮ǰʵ֮ϣûԪɾµڣû뵽ոյ֮ϣ̻˴𰸡
ûĪӿʲôһԵǮǮ˾ڽ
˴ǵӭɳǣոմӴǿ֮еˣ඼֮ͥݸ˵Ը΢һЩš
ӭɳ֮УҲвΪԪ֮µ壬ĪҲˣ֮һˣǸССµģĪѵһЩ⣬ѯʣһЩͨľĪѾͲôˣ
λѣ֮ϣԪɾµ壬ѵܶ𣿡Īӽ˵Ľܣʳһ⡣
Īԭеһɻ⿪ˣǶ֮ϣԪɾµж٣ȴЩɻˡ
ĪôʣǮ̿ڽ͵Īˣ֮ϣԪ񾳽µ˵ȷһЩȴô࣬Ҿǿ֮Уھ֮ڡ
ǿ֮УĻʺͨǳʵ࣬ҪͨסǾҪһǳ׵ĸһòʧҲȽΣա
ǳռݵٶ֮У൱ټҲǳҪʶһλɾǰڴ򣡡


 彮ͼ
ǮĽ֮Īе˵ͷԷĽͣеǳĺĿǰ˽⵽ǿ֮вôȫԪɾµܶ࣬һ⡣
ǿеڶǳͨ˾סģԲܶ࣬ҪָĻҲ΢Щ鷳
ǮǮһ߽ǰӭɳǣĪӸоǳصĹģԱϵͨǹģҪöֻ࣬ǱҪѷɫһЩ
еһ̣ĪȿģǰԶһߴңκһ޴ɳһĽɢŵĹâĪӵĿܹ޴ɳϣƺһЩǳС֣עɳϵһЩλá
ĪϸıЩ֣ⶼһЩϤ֣ݣ׾к
ЩϤ֣ϸһЩλõ״Ī֪ǰһ޴ɳһĽʲôˣ⾹ȻһС彮ͼ
Īӷ֣С彮ͼƺǳ׼ȷһЩڵʳ֮΢һЩ仯ĵС彮ͼУעҲǳ׼ȷ
Īӿǰ޴ɳ״ǮҲͬʱ
һλѾĵµģר̽ϵ壬ܹ֪ģ˽أ
仰Īĳһǰɳ״λǰԷֶβ˵Ƿǳĸֻ˵Щȡ֮⣬ȴܹӰԶ
ĪӲ֪ǿеڵж٣ƾķֻҪʵ£ԽԽࡣ
ЩǿеĺӣǴûмϵģһǿеǣҲѶԶԴϵĹУǴһʼǱĬĸǣĹĵطʲôģһоͲ̫һˡ
ţҲĪи̾һջĿ⣬ӭɳȥѾомͬԪ񾳽ϢԼ˿
ĪǼϢӭ˹ȥ;УĪ֮Ϻ󣬵һԪɾµˡ
һӣԼʮңݳһ㣬ҲȽϵͣΪͬʱҲ˼֮
ˣĪоͶһжϣӦһʼ׷Ǳһأתްټ֮ˡ
ΪԼ֮Ϻ󣬼ĵһԪɾµˣĪӾ΢ϸһ¶ԷԷڿĪߵǮǮ֮󣬾Ȼһ񣬶Īӿ˵
ǷǸո֮ϵˣ
ǰӿڣĪ΢Щĵͷ֪ԷֻǺ棬ǳʲôԭԼĻ
Ȼͼǰӣٴηǳ֣صĶԼһķرĴ󣬼Ѿ˾ʮȵֱǣҹ˴Լʱ䣬Էֱӡ
ӭɳǰ֮ϣлɳΪնҵȫ
ԷЩĪӵϣǰ֮˵֣¸ԼһĪ֮࣬Ҳ΢Щ
΢΢ǰ֮˻һĪڿԼ˵ʲôͼǰ̧ͷ֮ϴһĨĵЦݣȻת뿪ˡ
һССĲܹҲûٵʱ䣬뿪֮ĪӺܿͼ˼Ԫӭ˹
⼸֮Уͷһλ׷룬ɫߣǼɫĵۣеƮʣһɷǵģ
Է߽֮󣬸ŴԼʮҵľͣ˽Ų΢΢һͬʱ˵
ƶľǮǮλѣĪѣ
ԷĻĪӸæһ񣬡÷Īӣľѣ
ڶŶԷͬʱĪӻаԼЩԪ֮Уƺ֪Ȼͦߵģ⼸Ԫɣƺȫ֪Լ
ܹôԪֻ֪ܱĪӱȽֵӣӦ⽻
ǮǮ˶ŵľһȻתĪӿڵѴҶ˵Ѿˣ֮飬ȻеľָĪѣˣҶ˾͸ˣպлټ
лλѣպټ֮ʱĪ΢΢һ񣬵ͷ˵
ںĪӴк֮һ·Īǰˣתųȥ˿ûͣһµ˼
뿪ĪǰɷǵĵľٴζĪӿڵĪѸǵӭɳǣƶȴĪȥţ֮һЩ飬Īɻ󣬿ֱѯʣҲļλѯʣ
ľ˵ţֽһλԪĪӽһ£һһ󣬱ĪŴȥ
λľȻ̸̫˴к֮󣬻һһʱ֮侹Ȼûʲô˵ˣĪӾһЩ˵ᱻô֮ġ
Īӵ⣬ľ˲ûԼشԵļλԪ֮Уһ˿ڻشĪ½Ԫɣո֮ϣʱõѳеʲôΣյְĪѽһʱҪģ˽֮ϵͬʱи
ԭĪǣͥרˣϤһУֻʱ䣬Ϊڤͥ챮£ĦĴֶ˲٣˼λѣͥԭרˣʱЩѲˣͰҵȴϤһ£
ԷĽͣĪ΢΢˵ͷԼһʱܹԼһ¡
ԷղŻشԼĿǰ⼸λԪɣƺͥˡ
ĪӼǵ÷羺Լͥʱ˵ͥҪŵţСŵĺɢ޳ԪɵģҪһЩ顣
ͥĴڣûнеԪУļţͲͥĹϽΧ֮⣬Щɢ޻СŵˣͥҲȫˡ
ĪӲ֪ǰ⼸λһ֣˶Ԫɣͥ˵ĻǺпܾĳųĵˡ
뵽ϻһλɾǿߣĪӾ;ֿԸĽɾ־ôЩһ󲿷֣ʵǴųϾΪһɾǿߣĲһ׵飬Ƕȱٴкʦָɢ޺Сų˵
˵䣬ĪӺߵһŵԺ֮ǰľ˿ڶĪ˵վʱڴţ䷿֮УѾ׼һЩ֮Īйۿһ£ĪѿЩ򣬻ʲô֮ҵȻΪн𣡡
ǱлλˣĪԣż˵һлȻ߽Ժӡ
һİĵطѾ˲ٵĽĪвٵ⣬еϣõ𰸡


һʮ Ǹ
ͬ죬ܰ컹Ǻҹܹ̫̫ŴͬʱգȻǿ֮УվڴǰĪӿգа뵽
ҲаͺҹģͬɫģҲƲ㣬ƺȴ֮ϸһ⣬ĪӸоڴϵʱ򣬻û̫
ϸ΢ǿĪǵʱȻǿյ״̬ٵܵһ˲ǳԣҲ̫ע⡣
΢ǿһ㣬Ҳû̫Ӱ죬޷Ǿǳ壬ձ鶼̫ߡ
ȻһӰ죬ҲûкôģЩʱȽǿҲеʧɡ
е̫̫Ŵǣе̫ɢҫ۵Ĺâӭ˰磬ĪӲɵǹһ˿Цݣͷһ۷֮еЩ
Դ䷿ĪӾûϢһֱĶЩеݣЩеݣĪѾȫĶˣ֮ϵİУʱֱɢ˲١
ͱĪѾ˽⵽̫̫ŴǣΪǿ֮ҪŴǣͬʱеʵǿУһַǳ
ǿеһǳϣӦö̫̫ܿŴǣͬʱеľﲻ½棬ͺҹĲͬҪ̫̫Ŵǣâɣһǳ˼
־ӦҲֻǿܹ֮ڴ֮ϣڸߴľ֮Уֳ
תȥĪߵǰֽϵļöŻصеļϣȻƿ˷ţ˳ȥ׼ȥ
ͨĶЩĪ֪һЩԼ˵˼ĵطȥúõĿ˳Ҳӭɳߣ˽һϵ壬ǵģһǿϵķ顣
Ī߳ԼԺ󣬲ûʲôԺǰһֱ߳Ժʱûʲô˵ע⡣
һ㣬ĪӸоͦõģԼǣ˵ΪһλµԪɣڽǰָ˽֮ϵĻǰԼȽӣҲûбҪЩط
ҪһţͿſżˣӭѯԼȻֵܹóӣδ˾Щ̫ڣͺܺãԼÿߡ
ĪӴСԺſڳܿߵ˽ֵϣӭɳǵĽֵǳĿ·Ŀ׾롣
һ룬棬оǳĿտҲоҪȥƺرңԶ
ôĵ·ĪʱȴûиеտΪڵ·ϣҪߵĲˣһЩ
ԼԶһ۶һͬͻһ㱼ŵĻޣƺŲˣĪӱ㲻ɵö࿴ۡ
ʵڴϵʱĸ֮УҲлͨУֻôģҲûôֱӾ޵Ρ
û߼ĪֿھԼȽԶĵطһǧҵľ޴ڿն𣬴ڲһЩˣԶȥ
ϵ岢̫࣬Ҳȫۼӭɳеģϻмǳأж棬еŲְͬܣ˴˼ϵҲǳĽܡ
ΪǱȽϴ󣬶ЩΪȽϵ͵ˣǵĳзʽҪˣܹǴĽʡʱ䣬ǳС
Īŵ·һ·ǰߣӭɳȻģСе壬ȷǲ࣬߹ĵط˿ܶȣԵĹһӭɳǣ˿ڿֻʮӡ
һس˵Ѿ˵ǲˣǷŵӭɳǵ˵ԵЩˡ
ȻȽ٣ϵЩˣƺȽĪһ·֮УһϵߣΪ꾳ϣʣµһ֣˰ټ֮Ӧ칤ѧɵѧӾӶ࣬һĪڿ˶ĻʱʵѾµˡ
ĪӵĽŲһ·ǰУӭɳ֮Уʵû̫ĵ̣һҲ⣬Ͼ˿ھô࣬Ҳûô
Ȼ࣬ӭɳ֮еĴˣʵæµģÿһˣǶԼ
ͱĪ·һʱÿһЩ˴һһݣǰĴҲţĪӷһֽĵطܻҪһЩ
䷿Ա߲ԶһЩķݣҲ˲ʱĽĪӲÿҲܹµйҲһЩ֮࣬ĵط
ЩݣֻԼܵĵطռƺҪĶˣĪ뿪ղƬݲãͿһȽϿտĵطһȺװһߴҵľ޴
Īϸ߻ⲢֻǵĻȻϷܲÿһ֮ƹģһЩѾ
ߵ֮칤ѧɵĻأо޴Ļͬһ㣬еľϸ֮ĪҲ̲ספۿá
뿪Ƭ֮ĪӿһЩȽϢĵط壬ϵΪȽϵͣҲĶ˺ӣϢȽŨ
Īע⵽˴˽׵ʱõĶǮǮļֵٿǻཻ׵ƷĪӸоòе߰
֮䣬ĪһطͻûʲôˣĪӸоһԪ񾳽Ϣ
Ǹ󣡡
߶һҵ֣Ī̱֪ʲôطˣ˲ȥ뷨
ǿչԪɾǿߣһǿյһҲҪٵʱ䣬һЩҪϢкܸߵʱЧԣҪ촫ݵӦС
ƫƫһЩͨĴϢֶΣǿңԶľ֮Уʩչкܴľԣռݵÿһϣ㶼һǸĵطҪþͨϢȻһЩá
ĪڿǣԼҪҪȥ洫һ
Īѣһ𣡡
ĪӾ֪صԪɣѾԼԷȻԼ룬ĪҲȥ˼Ȼܾ
ôһ룬Īӱ̿ڵǱŵˣ
һ˵꣬Īӱ̧˽ȥ
Ӵͨһ̣ĪָܵһϤĿռ任֮УȻǰľ˲һ飬ѾһƬտĵط
ΧĹЩȴ˿˸еЩڰѹ֣Īľ𺳣ΪĪߵĻͺֻصǿ֮УԼԣȫһſ˹âСģǳ
תͷһǰֻͬǿһĻУһòǳᣬϴһЦݵĵ˵ǰһɢŽɫâͬԲףڲתŵķ
£÷һȺǣĪǰðһˣĪѲһͬɣ


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ǰˣֿԼԵĻĪӲɵüͷһ¡
Ǹڵĺģǰǰǣ䲻мǿ֮дϢãһǳ֮мЧɱ
ɱı壬˵а˵ɽԭһλǳ֮ĸƵģϧĿǰ˵ǳ֮һͬ·ǰģƿ谭
λǳ֮ĸҲǳۼǰ粽֮󣬾͸˾޴ĴۣѡԼ·ԼƵɱҲ˳ֻÿһǸڵĸǰǡ
ɱڷֻ֮ȻûȱʱǿЧ䱾ɲС
ǣù˼壬ܹǿգֿٵǿգָĲǱ壬һĨԪͷ
Ⱥ֮Уǳתַʽǳ֮˵ֱһ־ѵʽ
ߣҲַܹͬͨʽһЩϾǳתҲ֮Ⱥ֮ÿһǳ֮ϣ֮ͷУܻջġ
ĪӸղߵǸǰҪĿģʵҪ뿴ǣεһԸȻҲһɱǿյ
ոսûпڣǰ֮˱ķǣԼͷһǿգĪ΢еЩˡ
ǸǿյȻ˵Ǹһ۾Ϳʹõģμ棬Է˾ٶҲɵĪӲ衣
ǰƺҲĪӵ뷨ЦһЩһָϲŪһ£һȦȦԲתٶ˲ӿһ֣ȻŻĿ˵
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Īֻãͺһ̶ĹϣһױȵٶȷٵǰУת˲֮Զǡ
֮УԭȽԶһ΢СǳʼĪӵвϵķŴһ˲俴΢Сǳȫòϸ˲䱻Զ
ĪӸоԼʲôûпǽ߾۽ǿ΢Сǳϣ߱ԶĶǺģ
ʱ߾۽ĵطķΧȴгΧļ΢Сǳ
⼸΢Сǳͬһ򣬱˴֮ľ벻̫ԶԼ֮䣬Ǳ˴ҲһϵӰмЩʯ
Щʯ඼֮򣬱εӰ֧ţһ켣ǿ֮ת
ʱ䣬ĪӸоԼ߱øԶˣǼ΢СǳҰбССһ㣬ĪֻܽԼĿŵ³ֵǳϡ
γǰǳǹͺͺʯһ޴ı飬Ǳǳ֮ȴĪӣһǳǺ˵֡
ֻһĨԪͷĪںǳһ˲䣬ܹܵǳɢļϢֱҪԪ֮С
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ǰʱĪӷǰֳһž޴ǳⲢһ΢СǳһǣҲĪǿ֮󣬳֮⣬ĵһǡ
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֮ǰһûеĪӿ̫壬ֱЯŷ뿪ǰĸԶĵط
ּ˼ǳ֮Īǿпһǳ޴ʯʯķ֮һôҲȽϹ沢δɢǳ֮ĪӶӦһǳ
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ĪһĨԪͷǵ£ٶȷɿǿΣȻоЩۻûнһпô⾪һƳӡĪԵǿյѤãԼ̲صЩء
Ҳ֪˶ãĪӵһĨԪͷͻȻоһָٶȿʼأ֮ǰЩǿվ󣬾ͷ·ʱ䵹һ㣬Ұ֮зٵֱĪٴ䵽ϡ
һ䵽ϣĪʶ˲ع飬ԵǣһȦȦ·תŵԲٶҲͻȻˡ
˫ۣĪһĨĪĹʣղǿ֮һУڷ·ĿԼһĸо򣬵Щģ
վֻܴ㿴ôԶˣҪǿգƾֻ֮ǣǺԺĪȥԶϵǸҲٴγһ£򣬻òҪȥĺã
ĪӻŸղſЩ棬˵ĻæתͷŶԷһ΢Ц˵ܹڸǿգǿյĻᣬѾմ˵ѵĹˣ÷Īӣδ̵䣡
ԣ΢Цſڵ̫ʼĪѣ


һʮ Ż
̫ʼڣĪ˱ԼţԾһ£ǰˣȻ̫ʼڵĵӡ
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̫ʼⲿ䣬Īƽεʱ򣬿ûٶصЩУѾģһ΢ԴĵȻƷϵĴĦÿÿܹá
̫ʼڣΪ崫̫ʼ֮һϵڣĪһֱûȥġ
̫ʼ֮ʼΣδʡ
Ϊе̫ʼ֮ԭ̫ʼڴϵפأҲһǳ˼ĵط˶֪ƽȴѼ
ƽ˶ܹ̫ʼڵĵӣ׿ڲɺ˷֣ǵôŵġ
Ī˵ʱ·̫ʼפڵݣһЩ뿴̫ʼڵʲôطƾôңûҵ
µʱ¸Ѱ֮ζ룬ܹȥڻûиʲôһ¡
ڵʱĪӵʱֻʦͽ˵һ̸ĪͬҲЩ棬ºĥһ£΢뵽һͷҲ֪Ƿȷǰһλ̫ʼڵĵӣĪ΢ȹͻȻҪһµ뷨
ĪӻûΪٻԵЩð˲ŸոͨڻϤһ²ģһССĺģȵ֮лĻȻܹõġ
ֹ֮ͣĪΧĻҲղǰ㣬ǺڰǿһĻΧĻֻһͨķݣеĳ輫Ϊ򵥣һŴ̶ûС
ĪĿɨһ۷УܹĶ˰ڷߵǣֻһһ˿ɫĲϯڷһ䣬һŵͰӣԱ߻һѷļӣ֮⣬ûʲôˡ
ע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬΢˲࣬˰ɵƣߵɫĲϯϣ̬Դһ˿˵
ĪǲǸоǸ֮еЩһô㶫ʵ̫ˣ
˵Цˣһ㶼ᣬ͹µɲݱ֯ĲϯֵѾɹˣĪ΢ЦŻشԷµǸɫĲϯǷ֮г֮⣬ΪעĿĶȻῴ
΢ͣһ£Īֿڵϯֵȷƣɲݱ֯ĲϯŲо𣿡
ĪӸո֮ϣʶɲġɲݲ࣬ɲݣȴǡ֪
ɲҪ˵ĻȷǳΪ̫ΧݸһЩɲݣֱӾ̫ϣ̫̫֮ɳǳҲвٵá
ɲݱ֯ϯݳ޵飬Īȫû뵽ģһΪٶ̫ݳޣһ棬ǲȫʰ
̫ɳɲݣ̺ĳȵȫ˵һŲϯϣһЩһܹе͹ˣҲһ
Ī仰һ˵꣬Ϳϵɫ˲ʧˣȡ֮ģһı顣
Ī˵ĲŲϯϣ͹ˣ
㻹Īûа仰˵
ǰʱҵһ߿ĶٴֱӣڶĪ˵Թһ£ɲݱ֯ĲϯϣҪǲʱʱ̵̿÷ֿ˵ŲסҲûа취
ΪɾڣҪɾͽɣһǳѵ飬ѡͻƣһ㶼Ҫ桯һأľбȽϴĸ
ҪǸҪʼάסԼľ̫ʦų͸ֻҪǸأͱɲݱ֯Ĳϯϣ˵ʵʱ䳤ˣ治ȥ˴һʹ죡
ĻĪעģȴղ˵ġ桱֡
ǸǿеصأǸеˣΪɲΣɾڵΪĪӲож⡣
ϾǸһص֮⣬ǸͬҲһݺò£ԭǿյ
ղŵĪӽʱ÷ǵ˳Īһǿա
ǿյȻԪ˵ʵ˶ԳԣǸԪ⣬ҪʹãҪһ۵ġ
ĴۣһΪֲģڶҲΪżȻ˶ȥǸĶҲŲû̫еʱ䣬޷ʱպʹϢΥ˽Ǹĳԡ
ΪôһǸˣɾ֮жǿߡ
ĪнɾĹģĽɾĹУͬʱǰ
桱֣Ī֮ǰõĽɾĹоͼڡԪˮ¼УʵҲƵ˵˼ȶġ
ĪʵЩ̫⣬һ·һ·̹;ģҲѾһδεͻƺ֮У÷ǳᶨˣΪͻƽɾʱ򣬻ͻȻԵĲȵ
֮ǰĪӾãǷԼڡ桱֣ΪǺ͡Ԫˮ¼һ͵ģϳһЩƫղĻĪӸоδԼƫ
Ҫ֪࣬ĪȴˣΪ洫򵥵仰飬Ǳڵȴһȷĵ·˲ŸոʶѾڶԷĴһǿգȴˡ
Īûѯйص£˵֮󣬽ĻͷĪ˳һǿ֮еĽսһͬͦġ
ղž˵Ҫ彻սĪô֮󣬵¾ͺµĽ͵
ԺһӴˣҾȸ½
嫵ǿ֮УĿǰռݣʵǿģͬʱҲռĵȻ壬ռ򣬷Χ˴˲࣬ռٵ壬ƺϲˮԶԾ֮ڣҪȶǿһЩ
ŵĵطǸƽʱսĵطеڴϵı߹ǰߣǲͬǣǿ֮Уø֣Խŵ򣬳ԺһЩĵطչһƻ
ԽŵֱӽƻķʽǿоݣȻױַ֣˶ɥȴԸðΣգķʽϮһֱִ˲ƣ
˵ƺ˵ıȽ˷ˣ͸ĪӽһЩս


һʮ 
ĪӴǸʱʱѾҹ̧ͷУ̫ǵĹâ̫ɢŵĹԣһ̫֮Ͷ䵽ǿա
ͷһǸĪתǰȥһЩ飬ǿҪԵΣգĪӲˣͬʱ֪һЩԼйص顣
û뵽֮Ϻôǰ򽻽紦̫һڵĽޣĪһԼԺߣͬʱĬĬ뵽
ʼǴӺ֪Īӵֵģڸղʱ򣬲Ҳᵽ˺档
Ϊ̫һڵĵӣʵǳǿڳɾԪ֮ͬҲ˿ãΪ̫һڣһֱı֣ҲĴ˽⣬͸Ӷ俴ˡ
ҲͺһĹұʾԼĿãЩе󱲣ʱᵽĪӵ֣ҸĪӽܻܿǿ
׿˵ĪӾԲ뵽̫һڳĺ棬ȻԼƳ磬֮ӴȽ϶ݣҲرݽ飬Ǵġ
˺֮⣬Ī˽⵽һԼйص飬ǹڹеġ
ĪѾһʱûˣڶԷ֮飬ĪӲе⣬ֻȻϢ˽żѣȴԼֳ˲С⡣
֮ϵʱ䣬Ⱥ滹Ҫ΢һ㣬ڵ٣ԣӦھ֮ڣһ죬һͲ֪ˡ
Īһ˼ĪڽѡԼʱĵطʱòҪѡȥ֮ڣԷϣӶһЩͻ
Ȼͬ飬ڲһЩ֮ĲϣҲʵԱģ֮˴˵ìʵ࣬Ͼڳ֮ΪˣԵظӹˣܼҲˣ˴˼ìܵĻȻҲˣ֮ìܣ඼˼ʱ򣬱˴֮ìܵ
飬ĸ߲ҲѴǲ̫ƫ̻һҲѻ˴֮ìܣϾЩìܻ߳ޣǽⲻġ
ԣ˱˴֮һЩìܻ߳ޣĸֻ߲ѡһֻ۱һֻۣĬһΧ˽ޣìܣǰǲк顣
˹һս£ȻЩǱ󱲣߲Ҳ̻һ¡
һ·صԼԺ䣬Īӽ뷿ûã͸оһϢԼԺǰĪӼǵϢ͵ľһļλԪ֮һ
о˶ԷӽĪӾ֪ԷԼģǱֱ˳ȥſҪߵԺǰλԪɿڵҹǰʲôҪң
λԪɿĪӭ˳Ҳ΢Цſ˵ȷһҪ֪ĪѣǵļʦϨ֮ʱĵʱգԸҵȿĪǰȥ֪Ī񣿡
ĪԷô˵˫̾һȻϿͷ
лǰȻҵȻܴ
ˣ֮ǰǰſڣҵһͬǰʦĵԪ֮еĴ𸴣΢ЦŶĪӵͷ˵˵תߡ
ĽǿߣĪӲ֪һλ֪˶ԷϣĪȫעѾĽˡ
ν޷һ·ϵߣԺ߲һַʽǴΣ֮һ֣˵һֵģֻΪﵽɾϵǿߡ
ĪڴϵʱÿĩͷַʽиŵʿǵַʽͬҲ֮Ϊ
˸˽֮е΢Դ壬ӶЩԼԼоֹ߸ܹͨЩõ
ǽ·ϵߣԸʲôǴǺֱ۵Ĵڣͽ֮űʵ
ĪӴԽ֮ǰǸУ񻰴˵од߽컨׹ӿȪķǳ棬ĪӲ֪Ľʲôӵģȷһ㣬һŴô¡
ص֮ĪӸոǰվת߳˷䣬ֱųſȥ
ԼǰȥȻ˵ʱ֮ǰԼϾһˣܹĻԵʵˣʱ򣬾͸Ӳܲŵȥˡ
ڣᴫǰȥɸֽĻȻЩͻȻȻᵽԼǰԼȻҪץס򲻿мʲô
ǿ̫ɢĹâͦģͷɫĪһ˳ſڣ
Ǹ΢彮ͼʱɢɵĹ⣬ЩϤƣĪɽˣҲ˼еĸĸЩûüǱѡ
ĪϸĿ΢彮ͼеĺܶطĪԼûȥرڻʳ񶼵ĺ󷽣ĪӼδ㣬ֻ֪Щݸ֣Ҵӵ伮֮пǵĽܡ
ǰ΢彮ͼĪӵĿ䵽彮ĵطڲһݣҲһûյĵط
ǿĽ򣬴ţֱ̫ڡ̫ź޹ڡ
֮ţͬʱһطԭΪһĴر߽磬صĿǰΪֹڻŵģ֮һЩ⣬֮ǰһֱڸ
ĪС彮ͼϸԼЩ伮ЩݣϵһЩ飬ͻȻ֮䣬Ӧ˼Ϣڿ
תͷżϢĵطһۣĪӱֱӷֱ⼸Ϣˣǵľ˵ˡ
Ī̧ͷϵɫϨмʱʱ䣬û뵽ľ˵Ҳͬô磬ͬʱĪҲЩңԼûѡȴǼʱʱ䣬ֱ
ľ˼ʵҲܵĪӵϢ˻һۣĿǸȥ֪ͨĪӵԪɣŶԷͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ѯʵĿУԪ΢΢ҡҡͷ֮ǰʱ䣬Ϩ֮ʱδ
Ԫ˻ش𣬵ľ˵ջĿ⣬ȻһЦſڵӹȻмԵɺϵĸ֮٣Ƿĵĳλĵôˣ
ڼǰĵľԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻδ˵ʲôΪĪǰľٶĪӵһЩ
Ī֮ǰڣᴫ֮ǰλԪȻ֪ͨĪӵʱ򣬸֪ĪӵʱϨ֮ʱĪǸʱŵпⳡԵˡ
ⲻغöֻ֣ڴ֮ǰһ㲻ϿĿɣⳡôӦǰһЩʾڽߵء
ŵģҪһǷΪʲô飬ЩһЩģǻذɣⳡԵ


һʮ Ů޽
Īӿ˵ľ˵ɫһӽԼߣתһ
λѣлλ
ĪһڣֱӾˣΪʲôôһ㣬⼸˷˸л
Σӵ飬ҪлģǸлλɾǰǰ⼸λˣͬҲҪл
ĪӵĻһ˵ڣľڵļλˣЦŶĪӵͷȻľ˿˵ԭ׼ĪѵģĪѼȻˣǾͲҪˣֱӳɣ
˵֮󣬵ľ˾ǰ棬ֱųȥĪҲϼһߡ
֮߳ĪӸżԪһһݹ⣬ԶȥԭĪΪλǰĵص㣬ӭɳǻȽϽɵŵľ˵һ֮ٷһʱ仹δʱĪӾʶĵصӭɳǲ̫
磬пܴλԵĪѾǳȷԼڿҪʱǵľ˵ˣԲ
ţľ˵ƺҲĿĵأʼ·ȥ
ĪӸ䵽ϣǰģһ̫ߵɽ壬߶ȴźɽࡣ
ɽһעĿĵطǾǴɽŵɽʻɫģ¹ӳ£ԵɷǺÿһɾƢĻƮɢڿ֮УһڣƺҲ˸оһֻܰ
˴Ǽʦǵĵҵڴ˵Ⱥ򣬵ȵϨ֮ʱٽȥ˳ҲԵȴһĵѣľתͷĪ˵
Īԣĵͷû˵ʲô
ϳһӭɳ⣬ĳǳأȻҲԪɣһλɾǿ߽³ΪѾﵽɾڣΣ޷ǰ֮⣬˶Ļᡣ
ĪɽǰȴûãͿݹأǳصԪҲʼ½ˣ˴˵ʱ䣬û̫ãҲѡǰġ
ڴԼһʱ֮ڣȫ룬һжʮΪߵģǰľڵɾĸ֡
ĪӲ²⣬ټǸ֮еϣɾĸӦöˡ
˵֮󣬺ԪɣĿ´һĪӣԭĪ׼ǰģЩƺûҪʶԼ˼Ҳʹԭûж
һĪע⵽ͷ̫ǣɢɹâĿʼԭŹâ̫ǣʱâȴ
¹ԵĽ棬һİ٣ͬҲⳡϾҪʼˡ
Īӿߵĵľ˵ˣڴʱɫø֣أĿֱǰɽ壬Ҳɽֱֱ
̫ǵĹâϨ̫ǵĹâʼµͬʱĪǰɽ壬ɽҰʻͷ·Ǳһ΢紵ʰ쵵Ļ֮Уɫʰ쵵Ļ걻΢ɽǰƮ
ɫʰ쵵ĻƯڿУͻȻֻһƬʰ쵵Ĺâһ˲ͽ֡
Ƭâ֮ʱĪԭȫԷӳĹģΧԪɶûκεֿΪҲ֪λɸֵֶΣȻҲκεĵֿ
âסԼĪӸоԼһ͵סƺڿٵƶȻҵĹָоԼͣ·֮УҸоԼµ䡣
һ˲µʧظУĪӸæҪסԼΣԼƯУʱȴȵط֣Լڵķתʱȴζʩչ
ô£Ī˲һݣžʶӦλǿߵֶΣԼƺҲ辪š
һ룬ĪͻȻоԼ··ʲô䵽ϣƮƮģ·ǲһ㣬ʮֵļ̡
ĿһĪӷԼĽ£ȻһԼҴСĵɫĻ䣬ԼĽڻϡ
ŲʵˣĪתͷһΧԼߣƯɫĻ䣬ÿһ仨ϣҲվһˡ
Ŀٿ룬ĪӿһһӾ޴ͬƯ֮еĻ䣬仨ϰٰĻ꣬ÿһƬĻ꣬ǲͬɫϰɫ֯һ˿û仨Եңһڲͬ
仨룬һŮӣüϸ֬ǣϴһɫȹҲͬͬµǶ仨һ㣬ɫһڱ˵ϣܻԵúܹ죬ǴϣȴԵֺг
û뵽λǰȻһλŮޣλŮӣĪвɵ̾
ΪȽϸߵŮޱ٣Ϊܴﵽɾģ֮о͸ϡˡ
ĪŶԷȴڻϵλǰ΢΢תͷĿһۡ
Էɨһ̣Ī˲оһĪѹͬʱҲһڱӵĸо
£ĪӷӦҲǳĿ죬鹧ŶԷһ񣬳֮Ⲣûбֳκε
λɾŮޣĿɨһĪ֮󣬺ܿջĿ⣬ߣ
ձչش˽գȸĪҪ֮ɢȥɣ
λɾŮޣЩͬͨŮӻŮһôǳϣһΪ֮ѹ
ԷĻ֮ԭЩվŵǣһæ׷£ĪҲһͬ˻֮С
֮ĪŵһַǳµĻ㣬ֻ㻹һЩܹ˼άӻԾЧ
˶֮λɾļǰĿٴλΧһۣڴҵע֮УĿʼڽ
Է³һֵʱĪ̱оԼһը죬ţȻ֮Сһ֮ԴԴϵԼ𣬵˵ݣĪȴôС
Ī֪ڽѾʼˣܹеΧߴʱרעƫƫԼߣȻԴԴϣԼȻһֱֶ治
Īӵһ˽֪ԼǷģһ˿ʣڶԴԴϵ£һ˿ʣת˽ǣĪһ˿֮УĪڵľȻҲЩѹһ˿֮С
һ˿֮еӰ£ĪӾ͸ҪԼݵʲô
ԽҪоԽ꣬ȻԽ壬ߵҲЩģ
ʱĪԪ֮е鱦Ԫ«ʼˣһˮһ㣬ĪӵԪ֮ɢ˲丧ƽĪеķ꣬˲ָ侲ͬʱģҲڴʱ


һʮ 
ߵЩԭģݣĪܹˡ
ݽ棬޼ӣʼʼζĪУοʼΪء
ĻĪӵĶУĪ̸оһ˵˲䱻еЩ
ЩݣƺֻǼ򵥵ĵѣȴ·ǴһĪɣЩ̺֮ĵĴݵĪӵĶУѸٵĳС
ʱ䣬ĪӾ͸оԭ±Щģͺľ룬ʼԶˣ˵ʶѾţ뵽˹ͼ֮ڣ޾ˮ֮УǿŶصĲľ
ĪڸоԼȫ¶ģƺһְΰѵ״̬µޱˮͷǳߵһУԼȫ
Ǹ߸ߵϣһģԶϵĽһЩݣƺܹЩݣƺʲôûֻǱ
Щģַ·ΰѵ״̬֮УĪӸоԼ˼ά·ţ·ϵһЩɻʱȫУȻЩɻʼĽ⿪
Щеɻ󱻽Ľ⿪ĪӴǵ֮У·ҲһЩµĶٽԭڴڴϵڷٵĽš
ڵĽҲĪӵĳɳ
ַ·ΰ֮״̬ĪûкǿҵҪʱȴڿٵĳߣɫĹâҲͬʱøҫˡ
µޱˮ֮УһɹŨͷǳҲһǹ⣬Īӵϣٳɳ
磬Ƕ仨ϵĪӣʱҲ΢һЩ仯ڵķԷתϵϢŶߵ䣬Ҳ֮һЩ
ڽɾļǰʱҲע⵽Īӵı仯һ˫֮һ˿졣
Īڵֱ֣ǳУյԼݣڴڷɿı֣ϵϢ仯ǴΪĽ
λɾŮ޺Īǵһ˽ܹɾ磬һ˽ʱ򣬾ͳ׵ĳУɲһܹģҪôԼߣҪôǶڽ֮ĵȫͬ
λɾŮ޲ĪںߣǾֻǰˣĪԣȴЩϡ
עһΧֻ֮УôһЩˣϵϢҲŵ䣬΢΢ŸߵмλΪԭٽˣ˿ϵϢһҪͻƾơ
龰λɾŮ޽ƺһ̧һЩһ仨䣬ʱҲͬʱ˸ɫĹâЩϢˡ
Χ֮УҲĪĳһЩ꣬ŶԷ䵽еߵΧȻϸ΢Ĺ㣬Ʈ䵽˵ϡ
Īɴڰΰѵ״̬Ƿǳѣܹز׽ߵ̺ĴƺǷǳԺ˴֮⣬ڶΧһжںȫȫĳ֮С
ڶߵ£ĪӳɳٶԽԽ죬ڵһ̶֮Īӵͷ·סһ㣬ɳٶ˵ʶҲʼĴΰѵ״̬
Īӻڱߵĵţûг׵ѹҲʱõĺôѾղǰˣ⿪һЩɻõʱ䣬Ա֮ǰһЩ
ڣĪӸܵΧһϢı仯ʱʶ׵Ĵְΰѵ״̬˳ͬʱ쳹ĵҲʱȻֹ
һȻʧĸоĪӵͷĪӻ˫ۣĿ⿴ǰ
Ƕ޴ĻȻƯеλɾļǰ˿ѾտڲԣĿȴڿ֮еһˡ
ĪΧͬ˫۵ߣʱҲĿ˼ǰˣһЩĮͬʱʷǳȵˣ˿˶ѹ֮󣬶Է˫ĿգͬʱϵϢҲڲϵİθߡ
ΪͻˣĪ
λڵ״̬ΪͻˣҶԷΪڲϵͻƳɹѾǰʲôˡ
Īӵ˵ĿעУĮˣϵϢڲһ̶֮󣬽ĹƽȻҲ˫ۡ
ɾڣԷϢƽĪ֪ԷһСͻƣɾͻƵ˺ڣֻϢǿȣĪԤ֮΢һ㡣
λĮͻ֮˫ۿΧ˶ԼǰҲͬԼվǰһͬʱ˵
лʦָ㣡
Էվھ޴󻨶ļǰ΢΢ĵͷٴ
ͻƣѾ㹻ǡˣ̫ϵպĪҪ꣬ɵɾ磬Ĺ뻹ЩǷȱ
ǰһ䣬ˣĮ꣬ٴιһ˵ǣ佾꣬úУ
ǰûĿصΧ˵ϣһ˿˵ѹ˴νȥɣ
仰˵꣬Īӵľ޴󻨶䣬ȫų˸ɫĹâȻԶƯȥ
ĪӸоٴһգԭȶƣ˲ͱվȻҵʱ䣬Ī˫ŲȵʵԼΧֻص֮ǰվɽǰĵط
ʱĪӵͷһԼĽűߣһͨͭǮСģͨͨĵɫСͰڵϡ
ͨСŴǲ֮ǰԼ֮ʱǶ仨
ٴξ̾һ½ɾǿߵֶΣĪͬʱҲ̾һʱ̣֮Լоֻǹȥ˶̶̵һ˲ոձ˫ۣûжãһоѾˡ
Ժ֮лһԼݣǼ䱻Լĵ֮⣬ƺʲôûмסǷݶڴȷʵʵʵڵõ˺ô
ĪӸоԼǶڵĽˣڵķҲͬ˲٣Ϊǰһ󲽣ɾѾԶˡ
ʵϣĪӵĸʵַǳƾͻԪɾԼĳɹ͸򣬼һջΪпѾܹɾˡ
Ҫǽʱܹٳһ㣬ĪҲܹһͻƣͬгɾɾڵĿܡ
Īѣǻȥɣؾʱ䣬ͥҲӦÿҪˣĪЩľ˵ͻȻ𣬴Īӵ˼
ľ˵ĻĪҲһʱ䣬ͥ˵ȷӦˣԼ˵ҲӦ뿪ˡ


һʮ İ취
»صӭɳǣĪӲŸջصԼ齵ǸԺ䣬δüϢԼͥԼѾԼǰȥ
߳ԺʱĪӻͷһԼǿ֮󣬵һͣĵطû뵽ͷβֻһѡ
ǰԼϢˣĪӺܿͼͥˡ
ԷһǳˣΪӦɾڣָʣͨԪ΢ЩͬòĪľȻһֺлĸо
ڼĪ֮󣬲Īӿڣλͥʹ΢ЦſڵĪѣ⼸ΪһЩ鵢г̣Īڴ˾õˣ֣
ǰһڣ˵ıֹܹ̾оԷ׽ƣҲܹ˸оӡ
һڽʵˣĪжǰ֮ĵһӡ
һ棬ͷǳ׺ˣ˾ϸ֮УӦǱȽټģΪͥʹʺϲˡ
˽ĵһӡǷǳҪģ·ǳõĵһӡ󣬷ǳڽĽ֮Ǹ·ǳĵһӡôҪı䣬һ൱ˡ
֮Ȼⷽ治̫ܵӰ죬עһ˵ıʣõĵһӡͬøУ˴˽ύ
ѿˣδ̵䣿Īжǰ֮Ҳ¶΢ЦǳĶǰ֮ʵ
ͥʹ񣡡ĪΪͥʹҲɵöĪøС
ĪӶĵһӡȷһΪó˴򽻵ˣͥȻһΪɢ֯ҪЭҲһ鷳飬ͷǳҪˡ
˴˽ʱܹƾһӡ󣬾жϳԷԸ͸ƷС
ĪģӴ֮УˢӵˣҲǻĸõˡ
ڱԼ֮ٴζĪ˵ĪҲ˼ʱˣЩ飬ĪҲѾ˽ˣҾͲٺĪѶ˵ˣҪĪȥһŴǣĪѡһһʱ֮ҲĪѸ˽һͥ
ĻĪӵͷ΢Ц˵ǽҪ鷳ˣ
Ӧְ֮ˣĪǷ㣬Ǿȥ͵ľѴкȻͳɣ·ϻһʱ䣡ԣ΢ЦŻص
Է仰Īӵ±˵ͷҲûʲôʰĶͺһȥ͵ľ˴˸клһ¶Է⼸յչˣ׼뿪
ԼһкССϸڣĪӶеӡֺһЩԷں˴򽻵Щϸ΢֮÷ǳĵλֵܹöԷֱܵصĸо
ֺעϸС֮ĪȻ֪һܹܿ콨ķʽеʱĻԡ
ߣ鶼ԱȽѣ˸ĶΪٻֵģĪȻⷽ治עˣѧ֣ĪӾδЩ̫ˡ
һķǳȫͬߣҲĪһ£׼뿪֮ǰĪ˳ȥһǸ󣬺Ҳ˸к
ȻͶԷƲʲôѣֳ㹻⣬ǿգҲٵ£֮лᣬĪҲཻ֮һ
ںк֮ĪӾûʲôҪٴкˣǱһɳǡ
һΣ˲ûƾԼĶ·ǳһɱһǿ֮и·
ǿ֮УĪӿԼԷӹһſʯֵͷԼ²̫۵ɱɵ޵εѵɱٶ֮죬ɱܱȣ
ĪӵĿ佱ɱǰеصĪˣɢ޳ûг֮ǰĵķԼķз
˵ʱֻǵСΪ˱ѣзȻһֱôãڻԵɺ֮£ȻɹҼɱɱȻٶȲףҲֻˣ
Էô˵Īû˿ѶԷǫ棬ҲԷȷһЩʵݣ˵ɢ޳ߣ򣬵һҪĵȻǱˣԼĵǷеķһȫ⣬ҲҪöԷСϾٴĵӣҲֻһñȽϳõģСĽˡ
⣬ܹһзɱĲΣͬʱҲ˵˶Է
зǱȽϳģһ꾳磬Ϊ꾳ߣƾԼ޷ʩչҪзĸ
֮⣬ȽϳķзһԶ·ʱʹõķ֮ķķıȽϺõģҲǷˣɱεķзԲôġ
ƾԷɱչֳķٶȣĪӾãɾ磬˾޿ռ֮ĸ֮⣬ܹ׷ٶȣԷɱһɽƷɱмĿռ䡣
뵽ĪȴͻȻ뵽һ飬ɱ֮һֱģôʼƲϣ;Բ̫ãɶԷܹɱΣǽ˲ϱǿƵ⡣
ĪӵīȻǾŵķûнɱΣǺ²ϱǿȲ㣬ӶٵԼһֱķԭ֮ϺѰҽ֮ѯһ¡
£Īӱ㴫̵ڼһε̣Ļεָܹ㣡
Īӵ仰մĶУЦŻصĪңǿȣʹܹɱΰɣ
Լû˵Ѿ֪ˣԼҪʲôĪҲȣӴ֮ϵô֮࣬ǰķܶҪ⣬µԼʵģҲϡ档
˵֮󣬽ּ˵Ҫǿȣ֮ϲѣһʹõķ򷨱֮һЩɲģӶǿȡ
Ȼѷ˷ͳ̶ȣϣô׿ģܹ뷨УǿȵɲģҪȽˡҪ뷨֮УǿȣܶԱĽ̫ĸӰ죬ɲģʵҲôЩ
бȽϳһǲ֮еˮɲдǿȵĹЧֻҪﵽЧĵˮȴ٣΢Щݳޣ֮⣬аʯľɲģܹǿȣӰ쵽ڲı
ĪѵķȽ⣬޷κεɲģǿܾҪ΢鷳һˣҪ֮ͥó֮ĻǰһִףӦÿ԰ﵽѣ

Īӽţ֪ĶĪӣⲢʲôصݣĪֻҪģ綼֪ģĪӣ΢һ¹ϵֶΪ


һʮ 
ĪĽͣŶԷʾ˸лͬʱԪ«Уһۺ«ڵˮ
֮ǰҪ콫īǿȣɱΣû뵽ܹǿȵɲģȻѾˣԪ«֮еˮĪһǺ
ͬʱҲڣ羺ڽˮʱ򣬵ȷ˵ɲģܹǿȵĻֻԼʱ룬֮еķХɵûϸϸ˼ֻǽһˮ
ڿˣֻҪīǷˮԼīȵ뷨Ѿճˡ
ԵĻԼٸˮҪʹãȻٽԪ«ŪһЩˮӦþͲˣǲʣǾҪ취ˡ
лָ㣡Īлһ£ȻԷ˵Щ֮ϲʲôܣܹԼһЩ飬վʡȥԼһЩ
ĪлЩ㲻֮Ҳ֪ġ˵
ĪӺһҪȥģռݵĶʮĿŴ֮һČǣмľ벻̣ķٶȣҲ˲̵ʱ䡣
˼ǣ;Īǿ֮п˸ֲʵǳһžӨ͸ǳΪɱɵǳʱŷ֣⾹Ȼĳ־壬ЩǰʯĪӲò̾ǿ֮йȻ档
Īѣǿ쵽ˣǿ֮УĪ˵ͬʱĿǰʾһ¡
ĪӴ˿ĿҲǰ˫Ŀ֮ɫĹâǰ뻹Զǿ֮УһǳĹ㣬ϸĻͻ֣ᷢǸǳĹ㣬һƬǳʯļ塣
Ƭǳʯǰϵһ㣬Χмһҫ۵ǳڲϵתš
Ƭʯǳǿҫ۵ǳĪӼѾ˷ȻҲЩ޷òԭǿǳɢĹâ̫ҫۡ
Ȼâҫ۳̶޷̫̫ŴΪһǳ˵̶ֳȵҫ۹ԣѾ൱ˡ
ǿǳɢǳ֮ɫȻͨǳ֮ĽɫɫģоͨǳҲкܴĲͬһֺء͵ĸо
ǰٶȺܿ죬УĪҲԽԽǰƬǳʯۼļ塣
ĪӸо͹⿴ΧЩǳʯѾһӴϵˣ͸˵ʯǳ룬ǿ֮ǣҪʮֹĿֲǳˡ
ǌǣռݵĶʮĿŴ֮һʼʱǳˮһֻռݵģ帶˲СĴۣŴӶԷжǳȡǣۿڿҪĿĵˣĪӽ͵
˵֮䣬ѾʼԽһſǳʯČǶȥ
ԽǣĪӾԽܹĸоǳɢǳ֮ȫͨǳֺͬء͵⾳ǳ֮Ӿйԣͨǳ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
Īڸǳֱ֮䲻֮ͬȴ͵ĪҲˌǵǳ֮ͨǳ֮ͬɣǿеĴǣͨǳ֮𣬾ͺñ̫̫Ŵǣɢģ̫̫̫̫֮ŴˣĴǣȻ̫̫Ŵô⣬վҲǺͨǳͬģ
ĪĽͣɵҲаԵͷȷ̫̫˵⣬ͬǵǳҲӦ֮ŶԣŸӷϣڴֵĶ塣
ΧΧƵǳʯܶ࣬ĪֻһЩʱ䣬ŴЩʯǳˌǵĸǰ
ʱĪѾΧǰČϣܵǿϢܹܵһЩעԼ
ڽ֮ĪӸоǻҪǿһЩͬҲһܹͨĵط
˫ŲڌǵĵϣĪĿΧһȦǣҪԭ̬һ㣬µĵûκΪ̾͵שʯΧҲûжٸĺۼڲԶһɽϣԿƺһ
ĪӴΧһЦſڵϲûжԪɾµˣûһ޽ǳأǱ˵ӦҪһ㣬ϾвٵͬƽԻཻһ£ȴȥʹҪѡպһʱ֮
˵꣬ʹĪӣŲԶɽȥ
ûã˾ɽϵĹߵʱĪвɵ¶һĨɫ
ǰûнɽɽǺ÷һ㣬˰ɽ͹ڣǰĵֻװζѣʵϵĴŴȴһҲ˵һ͹ϵĽ
ͷһĪӣ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵ԭȵʱֻһͨɺһЩ֮ͥ󣬾ȻͥʹľôҪԵ΢ׯһЩٺʹͬ⣬͸ĳˣ
ǰ⴦֪˵ǶǹĵطоҲΣÿδ˽һ£һȥҲЩϰˡ
ĪԣвһĨЦ⣬֪λôвţȻһģԷ˼ĪǿԲµģ޷ǾɢͥǱĬһЩƶȡ
߽֮УոһţĪӾͿ˼ߵ˸ߵĿܣڶ֮߶ÿܵκòһģһͺͬһ˵ķһ㡣
Ҵ˹ˣ⼸æµĿܣЦſ˵
䣬ּ֮УͻأĳһӰò⼸߿߰˷ֵƣһʿ磬ʱӡ
λĪѰɣҽţͥǿ֮еʹӭĪ֮ϣǣҲӭĪѼͥŶĪ΢΢һͬʱϴŵЦ˵
÷ĪӣлѣĪӼ״Ҳ̻һ
˻֮󣬻ת⣬̯У̳һöʽӵ硣
ö磬ŶĪ˵ĪһϢպͥϵһЩҪҪΪ֮ʱͥᴫѣ֮⣬ƽͥŵѡ
ԭ磡ŵĻĪ̽Ŀ䵽еĹϡ
÷۵ʱĪӾ羺˵ͥһʾϢɱԼɾԪϢΪɱŻôı֪ͥû뵽ոǣȻͼɱˡ


һʮ Ұ
ڼ֮ĪӺܸɴľԼһϢͬʱҲϸӦһûзκεĲףǱʩĳЩֶΡ
ߵһϢⲢʲôǳҪĶҪƾһϢͶϢʲôҲһѵ£Ƴ˴˵ó˵̫͵棬ҲûܹƾһϢͶһλ˲
ҲΪˣĪӲ˵ĸɴ࣬ǶԷҪԼһԪ֮ģôĪӾԲˡ
ԼһϢ֮ŽĪ˵ͥ飬Īǵǧʮһλͥˣ֮ͥеĵѣںս֮ġ
Ī׿֮;һ·ϣڵ֮Ϻܹ佾꣬ͬʱΪޱߣȻ;գҪ;һǰǣ
лָ㣬ضģŵĻĪӵͷ˵
ԷԼڳɾԪɾ֮ҲǧҪиϾ֮ϣԪɣҲΣգŸԼ֣ҪĪ֪³ԪɣԼҲܸǡ
ȻԷ㣬Ī˵ûʲôҪԣǶЩͨɢ޳˵ȷһľá
Ϣּ򵥵һ䣬ҪĪһЩʱˡ
ͨո֮ϵ½ԪɣֻҪǼͥģԻһͨһɷ֮⣬жʮҵʱ䣬㰲ȵһʵ
ʮʱУѡǿ֮Ҳѡǰ֮ڸӰȫһЩĵطʮʱһͿʼҪΪһЩˡ
Ȼͥ˲̫ĹΪ֮⣬ʱ㶼ɵģҳҲһһ鷢
ĪѿȥѡһŹɷ֮ѡԼ֮ĹĪѿܲҪ˵ѿԻĵ伮󽻴꣬ĪǰȥѡԼĸˡ
ͥ½˵ĸĪʵоЩģΪԼѾͥһҪһݺôоƺЩ֣ʱֻͥҪԸԼôĪҲ⽫ݺôõ֡
ǰȥȡݸĵطȻڌǣĴ£ĪּһλͥˣԷһɱֱ֮ͨͥŵ伮֮ĪֻҪѡͺá
գĪӲûѡκεɷǽԼѡĻᣬȫѡ󣬶ƹɱˣ֪Ƿѵõʲôûκԥľͬˡ
ڵõͥĸ֮Īӽһ飬ѡһԼ֮Ҳ֮ϣһʱĶ
ѡһֱĪǽĪѡ֮ϣΪͥܲھ֮ڣͥһЩ˶ĪӷǳĿãĪȥ˾֮ڣôԻõǰָ㡣
ĪԼһ֮ѡڌѡһطҰ仧ԭǿ֮Ũǳ֮ĪֶΡ
ƾ鱦Ԫ«ǿ֮ǳ֮ŨĻ£ĪӿԿٵĻˮԼǹˮ
رǹˮҪ֪ⱾһͨĪӵΪߣǹˮͨƺҲµĪĽһһǹˮ
ΪһŴǣɢڲͬǳ֮ĪһЩС
Խ֮ǰǸ磬ǳ֮УһЩǳɢǳ֮ƺҲͬ⣬ǻĴ壬ϧĪҲֻ˵һЩ֪Ĳ
ŌǣĪӾÿܾǰЩǳһǿ֮омΪҪĵλֻϧ˷ǳû˽˳޷ǳó׵ķӳ
ĪӴȻ׼ǳ֮ҲԽΪԼĸޣгһǿ֮УԦһƵӣô˷֪ʲô֮ҲԼݣ
Ȼ׼ڌǣȻҪѡһ֮Ī˾֮ҲûмȰ˵ĪӣΪⱾǸ˵ɣ˲֣ͥҲⷽˡ
ܴǳطǿŵģ܌ϵ٣Щ˲ȫסڌϣҲһЩˣԼĶˌΧЩ΢СǳϣͿԼռһ΢СǳЩʲô뷨ҲܷʩΪ
ĪڶݵĿһ֮󣬻ѡڌһطҰ仧ʮҵʱ䣬ʱӦöҪܵȥ
ĪѣɽΧȫǿտ֮ûڴ仧⣬ĪѲڴ
ϣҪƷʵҲ㣬ҲвٵѿԻཻĪҪһЩ伮ͨĵ伮ĪѸһЩɲĻǵǮ֮ǰѡ伮λѵн׵һЩĵ伮ҪĪĻԵˣ
˵ɲ֮ģҲֻͥҪ̫ϡ֮ܹѽ׵裬Ī֮࣬ҲԼȥǿ֮Ѱң˵ջ񣡡
ղᵽĵǮͥĸǮĻңֻԪɾĸ֮ͨƺȽϡ٣ĪӵĿǰΪֹûмĵǮ峤ʲôӡ
ܹǮΪ֮ͨĻңӦв֮ģĪ׼ڰ֮ʱŪһЩǮк֮
лаˣ˵֮ⷬĪӷǳ֣صĶԶԷʾ˸лΪͥʹȥǽԼڣһֱڰԼлĪǷĵġ
ˣⱾְڣȻĪѾڴ˰ǾҪĪ΢һ£ұ㲻ˣպлᣬ˵ûǰһĪӵĻ΢ЦŶĪ˵ȻĪҪˣҲ׼뿪ˡ
ɨӭĪҲ΢Ц˵
ڴһк֮ǳɴ뿪ˣ뿪ıӰգ֮ʧҰ֮УĪӲòٴθ̾Էķɱٶ֮죬һɱǿ֮еȷΪ㡣
ջĿ⣬Īӵ䵽Լǰһʵɽϡ
ɽĸ߶ȣɽΧԲ֮ڣȻγɵĸ߶ߵɽˡ
ʮڣҵ֮ˣ΢ʰһ£ʱ֮ϰ仧ˣǰɽ壬ĪĬĬ
˼ת֮䣬Ī̧űɽȥͬʱҲڴɽϵľ
ѡɽ濴ľϡ裬˵ĸоЩʵɽЩϡĲľһЩȼߵġ
΢һ°ɣЩϡҵģĪӻ̧֣ڵķҲ֮ת


һʮ 
ԭһƬտ˵شϵһɽ·һεѹţŵ³ȥһأԭҪԶΧɽĸ߶ȣڳȥһ֮󣬱Χɽ壬ֻ߳һСأǿȴг˲١
ţһɫĹâɽâ֮Уɽģƺһ£һЩϸ΢ĸı䡣
ĪӷԼ̧ƣǰɽ壬Ŀǰָ߶ȣоǸһЩ
ɽĸ߶֮⣬ɽطĪֻϸ΢ĵϻǱԭò
ĻͻᷢǰɽϣԭЩҵλѾȻ֮Ųˣ˲٣ԭЩɽϣ˿Ҳ˲ٵֲȻ඼һЩͨĲľЩľĴڣһ˲ɽ忴Ȼ
Īӻߵɽڸղϸ΢ĵʱרڰɽһƽ̹տ֮
⴦ƽ̹տ֮Īٴתڵķת֮䣬⴦ƽ̹Ŀյϣ̳һľģĲ£ѸٵĴ䷿ݡ
Ϳˣǰɵ䷿ݣĪӸоͦġ
סûʲôҪֻǲ̫ϰסɽ֮£ּªķݣĪסŸϰߡ
򵥵ʰһ£ĪӾóΧ֮⣬ƺûʲôҪ׼ˣΧ󷨣ĪҲ̲á
ԼֻʱĴȵʮʱ֮󣬻᲻һδ֪飬Ҫȥ󷨣ȵҪʱ˵ɣƽķ¼žʾͷõĽɡ
ĪӸոʰϣͻȻָ֮ӦһʶһС
֮Ī¶һĨ΢ЦȻ΢΢ǵʶķһͬʱ˵лѣպȥţ
ھӣԷֻǼ򵥵Ĵкʾһ⣬Ī֮Ͼ֮ʱһ۵
ӶԷʶǿĪӵλھӣΪҲֻɾڶѣܿҲһɲõˣھͷŵ⣬ĪӵȻȻˡ
ոԼµ֮أ̾ھǰͷ⣬Īڵ൱ԳŲ飬ʼһԼҪһʱĵط
ĪӼæµͬʱ嫵ǿ֮УһڵĿռѷϢĴ򿪣Ӱ
˵òһ˳øߴӢݿǳĮĪĻͻᷢһλѾòˣУ
ڹеߣһͬߴ󣬿ȹиӿˣϵϢ¶˿ǾͿ˵òһַǳ֮УüĴӵҲݣһλλ͵顣
˳ǿ֮Уλĸߴ⿴ԵĹУ˵˴ǻһξ룬ƾٶȣҪȥûʱ䣬Ҵһȥɣ
л𣬲ǲˣ˴ǽһ˹ȥ˵˽˽ԹҲҹȥ˿࣬ڤ֮УٵѹСҪİģʱʵǲ˺ͥʲôͻĻ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ǵˣֺαһأȻǸĪӵȷõһЩ˵ĿأҪɾͽɾ磬Ҳ֮ãʱ䣬ȫ輱һʱվڹԵԣû˿仯˵
δۼ˵ʣһ֮ʱΪֻ꾳磬̶̲ʱ䣬Ѿɾˣʣǵ֮ϣܹ;֮׷ңٱλΪҾûлˣ
֮ϣӦûδüˣҳֵʱɴһ˵ţȻϵϢҲ΢΢
д˿ϵϢѾͨɾˣͻƵɾڣ֮ϵʱʵҲ˶̵ʱڣΪܹɾڣȷΪףҲ׼ȥĪ鷳ĵ
ʵԵĻδߵֱ֣һĪ£ʱڵ㣬ȴô
һΪĪӱһЩֿУͥĸ֣Ѿ뽫úһ˼Щ˼ɣܹ
һ棬Ϊ֮ڤͥƵ챮Ȼⳡ֮ȡһЩȻҴ˳ʢĻʯѹҲȻʱһǿסѹģʱΪ˽ԹóȻߵֻɱĪӣ»ֲͥʱǾǹȫֱ֣ӲɣҲԻô֮١
ý˵оѡԼȥԸĪӣ֮ĶԹЩĸ֮Ҳвٵ֪Լȥ˽˽ԹĻ˾ûɡ
ڵΪɾڣ֮ϵʱ˵ʵѾ൱ˡ
ΪԽ󣬲ͻԽԣɾ֮һС֮Ĳ࣬ԸһЩˡ
ټĪӸո֮ϲãɷɱЩֶΣδʱʱѵĻᡣ
һ㣬δʤǰܡʵѾĴ㣬ǾԼȥ˽˽Թղδ⣬·ĻԼ
ĻˣԼһҲһᰲȻ֮Լ׽˽˽ԹͬҲԼĻˣ˻Լ
һһ˹ȥĪӵ鷳Ӯ˵ĻԼóԸҲԾʲôӰ죬˵ĻԼȫˣʧȥûᣬպĪӵ鷳øѡ
Ȩ֮󣬲˹ڵľٶ󡱵ȥ˽˽Թ
ˣҾͲһȥˣΪİȫһǻ㣬Է⣡ȵ˵֮󣬱΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵
ΪһŴǣȻĸ򣬹мʧˣҲ֮ǣɷ¾һһԷ˺֣һԮǾЩˣǰиȥԷ⡣
ô鷳ˣԣҲ΢΢ĵ˵ͷپܾԷĺ⡣
İ£ѸٵŌǽӽܿǾͳ˵Ұ֮С
ϣĪӸոճ˶֮׼ҪʼԼеʱȴͻȻѪĸоܾʲô鼴ˡ
ô£Ÿո֮ϰĪ΢΢üͷĿ̧ͷա
һԤУƺԼѪ鷳ԼľڲϵĽӽֲҲڱϵķŴ
ĪԺ֮ſܸԼ鷳˻£죬һֳУУ
ĪӵĳҲ֮࣬ϣܹ뵽ҺԼڶԹˣǾ͵ˡ
ͷո𲻾ãĪӵĸ֪֮Уһ΢ЩϤϢĸ֪Χֱĳķ


ٶʮ еĽ
УӦ΢ЩϤϢĪӾѾ֪˭ˣȻԼϣȷԼ֮ΨһĳҹС
֮ϵʱĪӾ׼ԼܳԷģֻû뵽Էʱô죬Լ߲Ÿոհ仧ԷȻֱˡ
ɴ˿ɼҪôǹͨ죬һʱõϢҪôǶԷһֱڹעԼԼٷǳģԲŻô졣
ת֮䣬ĪӾͿǰϣһϽɫĹâֱĽھԼҵλͻȻ֮ͣס¶˹еӰ
Ӱֵĵһʱ䣬̧һֻ֣ϽɫĹâһһͬϽɫĻ󳤽Уֵ̧ĶһӣһĽӽɳֱӱնĪӡ
ԼĽĪֻһǰҲѸٵһУӭǵײһ𣬱˴Ρ
ĪЩû뵽ڳ֮󣬶־Ȼôɴ䣬һ仰û˵ֱӾһк
ҲôǿĪӺľͽˣȻվڰеĹУҲûмŶַ
ǌǣռݵĶʮĿŴ֮һͬʱҲͥǿ֮еľݵ㣬ڶˣһλɾϵĸһ֣̾ͻ˲
ĪڵסԼĹ֮󣬲ûгַҲûмٻӳڶǿĪӿڵ
Īӣڴʱλıҹϸٴҵ֮ۻӰ˳ƽ˺֪֮ϣѰ˽˽Թɸǿһս
Īע⵽˵ʱȽϸߣɼֻⷬ˵ԼģҲͬ˵ΧԪģ֮ĶԹҲ˲Ҫ֡
еĻ֮Ī¶һĨЦݣȻ󻺻Ŀ˵˼ˣȻ֪֮ϣ綼ģû뵽Ÿոڌ仧㾹ȻˣҵϢΪע
Īһ˵ţϵı΢ЩζŹмڵɾڣΪٶȺܿҾҪ꣬ƶҪɾ˰ɣӦʱ㵽ɾڣҪڸаգ
ĪӴԣеɫøӱ䣬֪Ī˵仰˼Īӿŵʱ⣬ԳЩԼ˼
ȻЩãĪڳĻ˵ȴʵȷôģҲ˵ʲôĻ
ܹΪԪɵģм޴֮м˿Щʱ򷴲ʲô˾С粻ӻ硣
Ī˵֮󣬹ȫĪ˵ЩһĪӿ˵֮˽Թ޹ˣǰѰ㣬ˣƤӵģҵǿ֮һսɣ
㵹Ǵһֺ̣δЩ̫˰ɣŸոʰãδü󷨣ʵﶯ֣Ҳһģڹл˵֮ĪӱЦ˵
˿ĪӱֵĺɣʵѾˣмȻܹǰô϶ЩҶԷȻˣһս޷⣬Ī˵䣬ʵѾڲɫĴУͼܹӶԷϲԷһЩϸ
Īӵ仰˵֮󣬹ɫû˿ı仯Ī˵ģĪȥǿһսȷǵĪΧ󷨡
ݹе֪ϢĪӦѾܹóˣĪĲóһ֮ЩɵⲢȫԭ
һԭ򣬹ǵԼʤʱ򣬶Īչɱһ⵽ֵͥԲŽսѡǿ֮С
Թ˵ڴϵʱѾĪԹˣǰ˽˽ԹͲܷŹõĻᣬܹȫĪӽ
Լ˵֮󣬹ûκεĲһȫӰӣĪҲɵжڹиˡ
һʱ䲻λ֣ԷΪˣƺҲ˲٣ԼĵСˡ
Īţȴ˹еĳٴһӣϽɫļһһĽٴηɳֻһΣͲղ򵥴кһĹˣǿһ
ϮĪӵķӦҲͬǳĿ죬ֲɽָһɫǳ֮Ҳͬһָٴס
ֻһײĪӸոõɽ΢ܵһӰ죬ɽҰĲľΪιನݲеһƬҡ
ۿеĳϣϽɫĹâתѾʼһθǿĹˣĪʱȫתɫĹâסһǿƴڶ
ĪûκεĶΧ֮Уƾճһˮһĳһ㣬ٶȷɿŹзȥ
ͬʱĪӰǰһ˲ڿնľԪͷɢһȦһʸеĹâ˻ʵʵ
ǿϢȻܸɳʱ䣡б߻ӶеĳԭҪնĪӵһɨΧˮͬʱ
ʱ򣬾ѾԤ뵽Ī¸ո֮ϣҲô׶ԸģʵʼĪӳ֮󣬹жԼеģ˶ҡ
ʱѾǼϣòʱˣܴĿܷɣֻȴ˵ˡ
һɨĪӵĹгת֮䣬תϽɫĹâɢһǵķϢŵˮΣվۼ˽һ㡣
ֳֳһǰֱ̣⴦һϽɫķâǰһϸ⣬ȴ޼᲻ݵϽɫĽâ
Īԭڷ֮ѾʩչһεξӨ͸ˮһһ㣬ǰһſĪǰһǳ֮
һǳ֮ڴһεˮ֮ȫˮɢˮֿ̺֮񱩵ǳ֮ȴǳ֮Уһǳ֮һǰȥӭ˹еһ
񱩵ǳ֮ϸַĽâײһ𣬱ƿľȻĪӷǳ֮
ǳ֮ޱȵĿ񱩣ڼеϸһ㽣âĹ£񱩵ǳ֮Ǳƿˣǿֻ˵Щɢˡ
ƿǳ֮Ľâٶּֿ죬Ҳû̫ܵӰ죬Īܵ£ϸĽâľԪҲûȫסϸĽâƿǲͬ⣬Īӵ
΢΢һĪѾ˳ǧ׵ľ룬ȻĿٵɨԼҸܹ֮оԼ˿ڣһɲĽƻʵлڹеĽ⡣
ĪһĨ֮ɫͬʱ겻еʵȻô࣡


ٶʮһ 
ĪӵҸ֮˿ѾһСĽˣƲأ˵Ǻᡣ
еһѹһд͸ɱȷʵЩˣһɱڣ˿ڴĽǽ̺Ľ⡣
ʩչһ㹻ǿƾһĽ⣬նɱԪ
ԣʵܶ࣬Ľ⣬ĪӵԪ޷Ī̫Ӱ졣
Īں֮ϵϢû˿ҵı֣üͷҲɵ΢΢һ壬Ԥ룬䲻һ㲻ܶĪʲôصƣҲܹӰ쵽Īӣڽս֮У޷޶ȵķʵĪڷûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ϊң·ͨɳҪǿĶ࣬ҲȫӰ죬ԪǿȣԼԵңпĪӣֻͣ˶һϢʱ䣬гٴǰ̳ͬʱ
˷ĹĪǰһͬעԪԪϣȴͼüӵȻͨͼǿٵ磬ԪǿϣȴĪӴԽ֮ǰǸ
ں֮ġԪˮ¼ĪΪֻɳڶѣǹĳѾĿʼչ¶ˡ
ĽϮĪĿΧɨһۣȻθߣǿзȥ
ĪѾܹовٵѾʼעһǳǿĿעӡ
ЩĿעѾĪӣһսϵǿ߹㷺עˣôԼͲҪĵǿһսлˣʲôˡ
Īڷǿеһԭ򣬻ΪΧЩ̫㣬Լոﰲ仧ƨɻûüȣΧѾΪղ˵ĽܵһЩӰ죬ｻսôȵһսԼ÷һֽţһԼ֮
Īӷǿգ̽󣬻һЩ뿴ֵˣΪԵһЩģҲĸȤķǿգ׼뿴֣ƽǿûʲôֿɿ
ĪӺ͹˷ǿյͬʱǿеһǳϣŹһͬǰ࣬ͻȻϢĳһĨϹ⣬â˲仯һӰ
ͻȻߵˣŹһͬǰüͷɵ΢΢һ壬ϵͥʶģȻ֮䲢ûд̫εĽҲ֮Ե
ƾԌֵͥ˽⣬Էƺ̫Ϣ£ôԶľͷԼϢԼߡ
ϯӦ񣬶겻û뵽ΪѾˣ鿪˵
ԷϵķϢľߣֻ˵Щǰ֮Ϊࡣ
ˣϴһѾҪǧˣʱɲ̣ΪоѣĻϹ֮Ц˵
˵֮䣬ĽŲ΢΢ǰº͵Цݣ˸оܺƣߵϣǳ۵˰̣״ߣЦں֮࣬һѹ
ŻߵԼǰϯӦ鿪ڵϯɲоѵΪѾܾԽԽˣ
仰˵֮΢΢ͣһ£ڵһǰ˽˽Թԭ뾪ŵϯѵģû뵽Ǳѷˣ
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仰ȴϯӦ˼ھԼҪС֮ĶԹ
ϯӦѷģС֮ĶԹһԽ磡ޱĻش
仰˵֮ϯӦûڽӻֻĿ⿴ǿգѾǿ֮нֵˡ
״ҲͬͶˣ͸ղȣڵһЩԭе˼ѾϯӦĳֶϨˡ
ǵΧڶʯǳĪӺ͹У˵Ӱǿ֮ЩӴʯǳԵô΢ɾ΢ӰȴЩӴʯϵĺƬ
д˿ѾǺεɱеǰϽɫĳѾƣڹĲ֮£Ͻɫĳһǿ֮зٴϽɫĹӰΧĪӵ߲ϵķ裬ȴ޷Īӵķ
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һ֮䣬տɫԵˮһǿѹȸŹϮȥΪĹУһֻоԼͻȻһӴѹ
ͺԼվһƬСռ֮УȺɽɽ鱼ϮԼ޷ѣѾ˵
ӴѹģֻΧһεǿк۵ˮΡ
㲻΢ЩϤһ˲䣬жϣԼӲһιֻѡ¡
һпٵóһӡ仯һϽɫĹ֣ԼС
ոյļɱǿ֮еЩˮΣѾ˹еǰɢտɫâˮΣÿһζ·Я֮ԴԴϵ䵽ǰĹϣɱĲϻζƺЩҡҡ׹
ԴԴɢտɫâˮεĹ£ΧȾһƬɫرɷһιеտɫˮͬʱǰķϡ
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Īʩչɷڴ֮ʱʹõĻˮǧɷԭͳԡԪˮ¼ûг֮ǰĪʹõĶǾԼ֮ĵһɷıĿ
˽ִȽԶһǳϣ湴һͬǰ鿴һĻĿⲻɵ΢΢һ
û뵽Źһͬǰ˽˽ԹΪ΢߹ĪһС£Žֲã·ľȻǹС
Īӵı֣Ҳ͹ʱ˵Щ̫һĪǸճɣûüɷɱֶεӣɱУɷҲͬҸѾӽɾڵ˰
ҪٴȥˣλŹһͬǰ飬Ѿⳡԭ˽˽Թսû˿ȥԸ
ڽֲŲãʵûȫӳɸڵı֣ҪնɱĪӣ˽˽ԹĿѾ޷ˣٴȥûʲôҪˡ
£̧֣׼սĹ뿪
ո̧֣ûüʲôֱԵϯӦץסˡ
ץסԼϯӦλޱĿڵϯѲҪᣬֻ׼˴ߣϾôȥûʲô壡
Ȳѵ󱲣ȿ˵ɣҪɳдһٲ˵ģϯӦץ֣ºͶֲݾܾ˵


ٶʮ Ҫ
ϯԣ鿴ϯӦһֱעʱ䣬ŻĿ˵΢ЩӲȻϯӦֹһ㣬鲢Ǻܸˡ
ڶԷϯӦ̬ԵñȽºͣƺûԷĲãǰ֣Ҳͬǹ˴Լʱ䣬Żջ½ĿͶǿ֮С
ǿ֮ڣĪʩչĻˮǧɷ֮˽ֵΧһƬʯſ¶һƬյش
һֱΧĪ߿ٷĳʱ򹥻ƵҲĪӲû˿ķɣøӾˡ
ɷˮǧȻԹĶ֣ƾһɷԶԶԵ춨Լʤֻùгһ
ĪӾĿ֮УԭѾƵʱԽԽ˳ʱȻǿոߴϽɫĹâһ˲ҫޱȣ·һϽɫǳ
ţϽɫĽһϽɫĽӰͬкһ㣬ƺƵĪϮ
һ˲䣬ĪӾ͸̺ܵѸٵ˷Ӧһߺˣͬʱǰ̲һķ
Ũǳ֮һݣգ۾ͱкĽͽӰ˺ѣһ㱡ˮڣҲһѡ
ۿеĹ˺ԼһķѾҪԼǰĪɫһȴǳƽ
ڵķԴԴϵעͷľԪУͷľԪ飬һ̹âøҫˣɢһʸеĹâҲһ̿ʼɢȥסкĽͽӰȻֻ֧ʱ䣬һâͱ˺ˣǽţһâľԪɢĪӵǰ
˿̵ľԪ飬ɢĹâͷ·һںһ㣬һɶÿһιâͻɢһ㣬ԴԴ಻ݻһϢ
һ಻Ĺâ֮£ԭһĽͽӰʼϵĺһĹâɾˣϿյĳɫǳ̺·Ҳ·޾һ㣬˿ûֹͣ˼
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һԵ仰תͷһۣȻֽĿͶս
ͷľԪɢһĹâǰĹסˣȻû˿ĹĪȴ֪ԼҪƿһˡ
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ĪĿ⿴еķ򣬸ոսˮǧɷûбֵĶôǱϵķɱҲδܱƣϵϢ˿̻Щҵģ˵ĪӵĹʵûôɡ
Ī˫任֮䣬һɫĹâʼ˫֮תȻȻŹȥ
Īӵһľɹ⣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ͬʱɵаһһɷ
ǰĪ˽˽ԹԭҪĪӸո֮ϣɾĸֶλʱԿܲܽĪӽ
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ոճɲãȻѾɷһͨûʹ뵽ĪӻĵƣжԼеĿģǲκϣˡ
ľɹٶȺܿ죬оѾڵһʱͼˣľɹ⣬ջ䵽ɱһϡ
ԭϽɫķ֣ڱľɹ֮󣬹â̱ðһЩرǱľɹеĵطɫĹâ֮£ǸλϽɫĹâȻԼɫЩɿݵľʡ
пһĻ˫۲ɵ΢΢һУɫĹâҪۼĻʵղŵĻˮǧɷɷԼɱ˵ȴӵԡ
һ֮䣬ϿճϽɫǳʱȻ֮һȦϽɫĽǿ֮бâĽǿ֮ɢĺԶЩԭѾſʯһҲδ⣬ڽ֮±иĸϸС
ϽɫĽɨĪӣľԪ΢ЩյĵˣϽɫǳһ£Ī΢Щ⣬û뵽ɱУȻһΧĽ
ڳϽɫǳ֮ǰѻϽɫһηɻ˹еУճĹУгǿųɫıʯɫĹâųĽУһֱ۵Ľ⴦һǵɱ⣬ӹеɢ
Ī̸оԼ˱еɱˡ
ڼնһĪʵİǹġʵ䡷еһĪҲֻǸʱٴʹһҪǿ̫ˡ
գһôƽƽǰ̳г۵ĳɫâȴɢɱ⣬һֺƴѹ
ͷ·һλϵĵñ˫עԼԼУҶԼС
ĪӸокԼΧƬǿգ˿̶ԼһָУͷ·Լһ񼫵ĶˣߵһƬǿգԸԼ׽ˡ
ۿһ̵ԼǰĪͻȻ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻ̧̧֮䣬֮Уһɫǹˮ
һɫǹˮĪʹõǹˮҪҫۣͬҲʹõǹˮҲҪΣա
ССһǹˮ֮У·ǳǹˮĳ֣ԭƺĪӲ˸ҵǿգºĪӱ׽ˣΧЩǳ˿̹âһ֣ǹø貣ΪһǹˮȸԾ
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һԲǶ֣෴пܻˣƻء
£Ҳ˲ʲôˣֱֱ̧׼ٴγ֣ⳡս
нĿĿ϶ûа취ˣϯӦһԿţԼҲûа취ԴСʱ͸ùˡ
ֵ̧ͬʱȴһεıϯӦסˡ
󱲣Եʲô˵ģЩż˰ɣ˵ϻĺ󱲣أϯӦһº͵˵ʱԵȴûκε˼˵ˡ
ϯѣÿĿⲻƵ˵
أĻϯӦº͵ЦݣЩˣ


ٶʮ ȶ
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ۿ˵֮Ĺ򣬹кĪѾײһˣ͹һͬ飬˿ּŭ
ڷǳȷϯӦҪҲ磬εԼ֮ǰһЩӣϯӦȴǲơ
˵ˣأ׼ô죬ҪҶ֣ϯӦϵɫҲԽˣ֮˿ãȫûй˼ǰ˼
ϯӦ£ѾĪӺ͹һѾײһ𣬳ɫĽ⣬ںɫǹˮײʱ򣬽ת˲֮Ĺ򣬳ɫĽ⣬ȫһɫĹâûˡ
ǹˮΪ˵ĹУĸܱ˸Ҳǹˮ͸֪ͨΣˡ
ܹ̽ʶĨɱԪɵ֮ĿֲɱУֻǹû뵽ǣǿ֮УֲͨȻøӿֲˡ
һɫǹˮ·ǣΧǳǹ⣬ЩմȾǳ֮ʯҲΪ֮ݡ
иоԼԵĲһǹˮƬǿգгĽ⣬·ھǳϮÿһǳݺݵĽϣ֮ϵĳɫâת˲֮Ϊ֮𣬶ǳܵһĿ־塣
ҿܻѾͷĿ־ɫǹˮĻôȴģпľ
֮д־壬Ĵ־壬ÿвͬķӦ˿ܻΪ־ʧȥежĿĽ٣ڿ־֮УѰɾǺߡ
־£ѾĥһȻһ˼ٶȳأǿųɫıʯ˲һƣ漴ԭѾϨĳɫâһҫ
иоԼڵķڷıߣ뷨һͬߵģԪ
ʵ䡷
ɫĹâѾҪûмѾܹܵǹˮıʱ򣬳ɫĹâͬһǿֹһ˲˿ռ䡣
ĪۿԼĵˣܾܿҪǹˮ֮µʱȴųɫâΧеſһ˲ΪĿĹУȻӲǹˮƿǿеĿռ䣬ʧԼǰ
пܱɱһգĪӵĸ֪Χ֮УԭſһȦʯشһɫĹâէ֣ΧʯֱӻΪ촷ۡ
ɫĹâʧеӰҲֻڵɫѾһƬ԰ףϽɫĳҲ޹⣬ǽǿųɫıʯѾƣоƺʱ᳹׵顣
ͷһԼеĳһĨʹ֮ɫ֮õĳܴڲɽ˿ҪıԵôܹʹοҲһޣ˵ΪҪ
ʹĪȴûйеôģڵӣѾһЩˣĪڲϢ֮׼ֱӼ֣޷ɵУҲҪ䳹׵ش˾Ҫʮϰ֣ĻԼһ鷳
Īθոնȴòͣ£ΪһŽɫĹâٶȷɿҽڵƬʯشΧͬʱĪӵĶһȡ
׿㾹ҶҶ֣򣡡
һȣûǿ֮дȴ׼ȷÿһ˶ˣĪӣЩԶˣǶ
֮Īӿһֻ޴ƣݺݵĽƬʯش
޴ƲǷɣ壬ϵÿһ˿ڷŴ֮ɼ
޴ĽƬʯش;µʯȫֻ޴飬ûһ˿谭
ϯӦ̫
ھ޴֮һȺͬķʽĪӵĶУֻǺ͸ղǵ֮ͬŭ⣬Ҳȫû˼ĪӶ֮Ī΢еһЩʡ
ŭ֮һ⣬˴Ƭ̺ϣĪӵһʱ֪ǰ飬Ϊ൱ڽɾǿߵĶƷ顣
Ʒ飬׿ĪӻԼЩ鼮ܿ뵽һˡ
ڶʳ֮ǰٷϴ֮ʱʱİټѧɣı˴֮䶼лԹͳһ֮ΪЩԹԵʣ˴֮ϵҲĬ
ʱڶʳһλԱΪܹðټѧɷ»Թ˺ܳʱ䣬Ŭ֮£ϰټҸҲʶͳһ֮ǱĻԹԺ͡
λʳĹԱҲΪ׿Ĺ󱻷Ϊ׿ƸƷλڶʳһ֮һ뷷֮жмӷ⣬Ʒλǧңٴζмӷ⣬ΪƷλ
Ī߸ո뵽λݣͻȻͿǿ⣬Ȼ䱻ֻһ飬׿Ҳֻƴ˳ȥ
ϯӦҪڤͥɣ׿ٴһε֮Уһѹŵɱ⡣
㲻Ҫҿ۴ñӣǣҶ֣ǻѣϯӦҲһ˵ͬʱĹ˿ûֹͣ
ֻǿһɨʯֻǰΪƬ΢СǳҲֻ顣
ĪӿֻǿŰľ֣һĨ֮ɫҪһƬʯ˵ѣҪĻһǳֻһ΢СǳͲô򵥵ˡ
Ȼһλǽɾǿߣ̶ֳܹȣʵҲȽĿǰı֣ܻܿλɾǿʵ
ĪӴ˿ڷתţǰڽеһߵս׿ڤͥ飬ʮа˾ǸŹһģѹλǿߣԷĿӦǌϵͥ֡
λĪӲãֻΪ֮ĳͻûв´ĻףܻǳԼϣλͥĸ֣ôЩΪԼͷ˼ȻڶԷĿпռı
λеֶΣòЩײаһֻ֣ϵ׷λ׿ÿһĴ򣬶һƬʯмŵùǳλͬ൱ڽɾǿߵ׿Ǳƺû˿Ļֻֿ֮ܳ
ʵΪƷ׿ΪϯӦҲû˿ĵֿ֮ϧǣڲҪ˼ԼҪĻҪ񱣻סߵĹС
һλɾǿߵĹ¶Էûжģƾ蹴еΪҲѵס׿뽫令סҲΪˣĻסУԲűϯӦȫѹŴֻܱķ


ٶʮ 
ֻ޴ƻǿ֮ŰĪʱ򣬻ѾƵòע⵽ϯӦϵ˰̣ĪӸоԷڵı֣˵û˿Υ͸С
׿ŹУһƺݺݵķɳȥԶˌΧʯǳƵĵشĪͻȻеЩź
ˣĪ
һλɾǿߣһλ൱ڽɾĶƷ飬˱˴֮һЩìܣҲûеҪֳĳ̶ȡ
ÿһλɾսĿ֮Ͳ࣬˷ڶ֮Уοʱ䣬Ħʼʱʱ͸Ҫڲ˴˿һ㣬һ¶⡣
ĪΪϯӦ׿һĳΧʯǳش֮һжѾʱȴû뵽׿һδԼĶС
ϯӦվưոݣ
֮УźεŭԼһѾڶɱ⡣
һֵͬģһƬƴϵĽɫ⣬ɫһֻ޴ĽɫһƬʯǳشֱϯӦֻնȥƺҪпŽֻ
ˣ
һ̣ĪѸٵĺ󳷣ΪеվλҲôȫпܻᱻ
һλƷ麬ŭ֣Ķģ𣬿ɲղϯӦ˼Χ
ɫĳն䣬޴Ľ棬ǰеʯǳ˺ۿҪնֵֻʱȴֻ֮ϣͻȻһ󸲸ľ֣ȻſָѸٵһգµľ޴ɫεС
û˿סĽɫͱֻӲƬʧǿ֮С
Ȼʱ׿ӰѾ³ϯӦǰԶĿĶϯӦֻǰƷĵطǿһƬɵ¡
һɵ֣ڳֵĵһʱ䣬ѸٵĿʼ䵭ʧǿ֮Уǿ޴ڵǳ֮
Щʧ֮ϯӦΧͻȻƾճһɫ˲Ϣ֮ͻ۳һƬ׺ϯӦ˰УԭƯϯӦߵЩʯƬɫ׺˲䣬ֱӱΪ˷ĩ
Ƭɫ׺֮⣬ϯӦߵǳ֮һҲ·𻯳˼ǳ֮úޱȣѹϯӦϣΧЩˣҲоǳֺ֮ص⾳
ҪˣһЩڌΧˣвɵͬʱҲЩ
λɾǿߣĺ˼ɵķſֽţڌΧսһôӿɾʹˡ
Щڌϰ仧ĻһЩһΧǳϽģҪġ
ۿʩչ˽ɫּ֮µĶ׿ͣΧǳϵЩˣһҲѡѸ˻صǸĵطһˡ
׿˫̯֮ɫ·ѹԼܿƬ֮ڣڱ֯ƺдһƪܳĽ¡
Լһʱ䣬׿еŽ⣬黯һʰ쵵ĳ֮ʵɫâͷ·ѹϲŭֵĸ
ĶǰѳĪӸоԼǰĲһѽһƪܳ£ƪµݣȴϸϯӦ״
ֻɨһۣĪоһָоϯӦ˼ֱ񼫣ĶӦȥ
ͨԼָоǿѹ£ĪӲɵм䰵һ
ɫâĳһͨҲԲС
ڶĿע£ʰ쵵ĳǰݳûƬɫ׺֮Уֱ׺ƿһ϶ϯӦļ򴦡
һ£ĪӼˣжɵһͬʱҲеЩ˼飬ϯӦȻûж㿪׿ͨκεķҲûֻǰվųԼڡ
ʰ쵵ĳڴϯӦ֮ѸٵĻһɫĹâ̺֣ϯӦÿһ硣
ʱϯӦٴγһƬЩ֣֮ۿɼٶȣѸٵϯӦˡ
ϯӦɢΧǿɢղŵƬɫ׺ɢ֮󣬾ͷ·ǻѩ˹̵ĿˮֱӱʧӰ٣Χúصǳ֮ʱҲƿֺص⾳
׿ԭɫ˿ҲЩݣԼͨģղû뵽ϯӦȻû˿Ӳͨû뵽ǣӲԼ֮ͨƺϯӦû˿Ӱ졣
ǿ֮УƬΧ̿ϯӦ˿̸˵ĸоͻȻ÷ǳΣա
ûɢԼϢҲûΧͷѹֻĿƽĿ׿ȻϲŲǰ
һ£ǽҽˣҲûܹ˵óʲô
Ųǰ֮䣬ϯӦ˿Ĵ׿ĶУҲ˰ĪڣΧ˵ĶС
仰˲䣬׿ҲɵһĨ֮ɫ룬ڻǿǰеϯӦӰȻһ˲͵ǰ׿Ѹٵļǿ⻤壬һ̣оؿڴһʹϵĻ⣬ϯӦȭͷӲĴˣؿڴֱӱҳһ󶴡
׿һαɳȥֻһΣûеȺ֮Уһֻƣ֮ץסĲӣ˲ѹϵ⣬׿ԭѸҪʩչķֶΣһӾͱˡ
ץ׿ĲӣϯӦŶԷ䵽һǳϣϵһ˲ͽǳȾɫȻץ׿ӵֻ֣ݺݵ˵档
ˣ
޷֮УĪӵȴһһ죬ţĪӾͿǿѾǳ˲ȱһǡ
ǿǳϵ׿оԼʱҪɢˣµǳϯӦ÷ǳļӲϯӦһ֮£͸׿壬ȻһǣɼԷһ֮ݡ
һ֮׿ָܵһȻٵԼϣԭѾɢ壬һ֮£ı׵Ĵɢˡ
Ϊһɾ飬ɢʲôصƣֻҪûдӡôʲôˡ
Īӿǿűǳڵڶͬʱǳһ붼Ѿʧˣͬʱһҫ۵ĽɫΧɢûжΧʲôӰ졣
һ̣ǿ֮Ѿ̿ʱȫǿֻʣһǳϻۣʣǰǳҲͬ۵ǳϵϯӦϡ
ˣ
һУֻʣµǰǳһȦɫɢ׵ıƬһΪ۵ĽЩǳƬһŌȥ뿪ˌΧʯǳش֮󣬾ĹУ˲û֮ʧˡ


ٶʮ ̬º
һٶȷɿĽ⣬Ī֪һӦʱһˣյĽ׿˶ӣȻϯӦһҲֵġ
һλƷ˵ɢƣĲʲôصˣƣǶӡ˺
ϯӦڴһʱѾջǿ֮еȻһ˰ǳʵϵܻ֮ǰ
Īţ׿Ҳ̫ܣΪϯӦڵڶʱ򣬾Ѿ壬һȻǿһĽȴֱܹӴӡԸһ˺
ò˵ϯӦȰյķǳĺã׿ˣ˲᲻أһº󲻻κε鷳׿ˣҲֻϾϯӦ֮ǰӲһͨ
ͱ˶ϯӦռˣĪӾãߵ׿ȥ飬ܹѪ
ǻ˵鱾Ҳӳ֮ΪĲ࣬ͬǽɾ磬ϯӦӦǽɾ֮ǿһˣӲͬ׿һͨûܵκε˺֮󣬼ι֮䣬ͽ׿ɢöԷû˿ķ֮
Ѿʧ׿ϯӦջĿ⣬ȻתͷĿ⿴ǿ֮еĪӡ
һϹԭĪӾ뻹ͦԶϯӦһ˲ͳĪӵǰĪ˵һֻ֣ĪӵļϣȻһϹһͬʱʧǿ֮С
ĪֻоһϤĿռ֮УֻǶ̶һ˲ָоʧˣǰľҲӺǿգһмҵĸɽɽڌǸոΪԼʰ֮
ԭЩߵɽ壬ѾΪˣֻϧŸղŹеĵ˶ݵĹײನĪӸʰãûüʲôɽ壬һƬǽӡ
Īڿûʱɽ壬ҪָҪ΢ʱѡ
ĪӣǰվԼߣĿԼϵϯӦĪӸæŶԷһвûжȻǰλУԼĿǰĽɾǿ֮УֵΪײеһĪţԷӦòԼ
ĪϯӦ¶һº͵ЦݣĿ˵ȻǳĲո֮ϣ˱֣ܹһΪĶ֣Ե࣬ܺã
лǰ佱Īӿֵ̬º͵ϯӦжϯӦӡԷһЩĹۡ
ԷڵӣƽӦòֱŭԸ񣬷ӦǺºܹͣƽľ˵Ըֻսʱ򣬲Żֵ˱ҰԵ
ƽºͣսʱֲˣһǵĽɫһ㣬ԷڸղѾֳˡ
ؾнûҵʱ˻Ǻܺ˵ģϯӦĪӷǳòĻش֮º͵˵
ϯӦô˵֮ĪҲ¶ЦݣȻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲô
ϯӦ״Ҳû̫⣬˵ͼ˵ǱҲ˵ĳ
˵ʱϯӦ΢΢ͣһ£ĪӵĿ֮У΢һ˿Ц⣬һûü飬תͶ̥壬Ĳ֪˵ǰĪǺã˵
ĪҲע⵽ϯӦеЦ⣬׶ԷһĨЦֵԭ
ûг٣⵱Ȼһù飬ܹ֮󣬻תĻᣬͬ磬ˣûĸ飬кĪһĴ
΢˶٣ϯӦֽ˵ղʹõͨǳǿԺúõھ򣬵ƾһ֮ͨͬѹһͷʹõɷҲǿЩİԵãǰ󣿡
ϯӦʳ⣬Ī̻شǰ󲻶࣬һŵȷǰһɷҪǰЦˣҲ֮ǰΪľɹ⣡
ĪӵشϯӦֶһĨЦ⣬΢΢ͷԴɷܲȻ˵ȷЩǿ⣬ȥȻֹˣ
ĪӵشϯӦǷǳģܹڸոճɾԼһɷ֤ĪӵԲס
֮;Խߵ棬ԵҪԾԽ͹ԣֶνǵǿˣµԪɾ֮ΪٶҲȻ̫
֮㲻ö룬úڌͺãʱڣڤͥ鷳ʱ䳤ˣҲ˲ˣĪӼ򵥵˵˼仰֮ϯӦǰȻһһ˵
һ£ϯӦٴλһϹ⣬ֱʧĪӵǰ
ˣ
ʧϯӦĪͻȻ֮ЩʵЩ˵ֻ֯ԣ׼ϯӦ˵֮˵ԷȻˡ
ּĴУȻԷˣĪҲûнסԷʸ񣬾ֻϯӦ뿪ķ΢΢һȻ󹧹˵һлǰ
£ĪӵȷҪлϯӦǶԷ֣ĪӺɣ͹һͬ׿ܻһԼԷ˼ݣԴСҲİ취ŪԼϯӦ֣Լƽ¡
ԭлĪӴԼڵʱ˵Է˵߾ߣĪҲֻıӰһ˵ԷܲܿǾͺ˵ˡ
йһ֮Īӿ˿ǽɽ壬ϵķתʼʰ
ϣӽǺ˵ĵصһСУϯӦӰոճб
ʲϼѣҲãͼȻûпˣ
һ֮ϯӦջ˶ĪӵĹעС֮пʼԼϵӦö벻פ،ǵϯӦĵ֮Ȼǵص׿Ǻ˵λá
ϯӦصԼĵʼԼĪҲʰԼ֮׼һЩʱ䣬ѷʾĽȲ
ϣЩոչսˣʱ۸ոսһս
ԭɾ˽˽Թ˶Ǳſֵ̬ͬʱҲһЩսѧϰ˼û뵽վȻͻȻֵһλɾǿߣΪƷλƷ飬ǴͷβѹŴġ
սѾˣһЩˣڻζŸղŵսԼܹⳡս֮ʲô
ͨղŵսôٴμʶϯӦǿͬҲôʶǵĪӡ
ոս˾粻ãбɷһǳǿֶͨΣɾڵΪ˸߹ԼһСĶ֣һսΧ˼סĪӣҲһЩ׼ȼ֮󣬾ȥݷһĪӣཻܷ֮Ÿո֮ϵĪӣӦòܾ⡣


ٶʮ 㱦
ˮīǿȵЧѣܹ黹õģ΢˷һ㣡ĪԼɽϣǰбڵ棬ͷ·һ֧ӵīȣĪвɵ
īīƵģֱģں̶ΧĪӸٴ϶ˮľ֮裬ǰְ취ӳֵʹˮīǿȵİ취
ھĪǣѾȥ˽һʱˣԴӹ鷳ĪӴ֮ĪӾ͹һʱ徲ӣڌԼ
˴ԼңĪӲſʼڌĴ߶ѰһЩ̫ĵ伮ͬʱҲ͌ϵһЩ˽ʶ
ͨͽȷʽĪʱȷŪһЩ伮ֻ࣬ڴϵʱ֮ϵĸ伮ĿĪΪҪǿȵİ취ȴ֮ǰȡ֮ͥˡ
ĪӲûֱӽְ취հףΪܹʵģҲֻˮһɲģī˵ȻʹãǷǳĺãְ취ҲЩ˷ѡ
Ԫ«Īӣȫõ˷ѣ׼һʱ֮Ԫ«ٵˮʼīȵǿȡ
̯Ԫ«ĪӵУзɳһˮ
Īķоһˮ俿бڵϵīȵϷȻ΢΢һһˮֱӱĪһˮīȵı档
˿̵īȣľͺһŵһ㣬ȶ˵ڴ˼֦ڣڵҶҲ
һˮˮȺȶ˵Щ֦ڣһƬƬڵҶһ˲䣬·ڱݲһ㣬ĶЩ֦ڣҲ޹ɵҡڣ·ı紵ڶһ㣬ֻ·ī壬Ȼֻ΢΢һָֻ
ǧĥᾢζϱ磡ĪӿһĻǹһĨЦݣȻһǰʫġ
ʹˮķԼٴԼˮľܹ֮ģУȴǰһʫ
ᾢ۲ӣʫӵԣ㷢ʫ黳ͬʱҲδǶ֮һڹ͡
ǿϢ۲ӣļͣڱǧ֮ϣ֮УǿСӲݣҲܶͷľʯǿļ͡
ĪڴԼķͬҲһ֮͡
ٹңӦþͲˣīǿȵĪӾãĹֻҪǰ£ͿԽˡ
ˮīȵĴЧ̫ãĪַʽ˷˺ܶˮִЧҲͷˣҪǿȣǾҪİ취ˡ
ʱ˵ĪȫҪżΪīڵǿѾˣƷɱ֮ǰĪȫҪٵĲǿȵˡ
ʹһˮ֮ĪӾûٹīȣ߽Լķ֮Уóһöʼѧϰ
ǰòŸոŪһöǽܸɲģܼصĲǷǳ꾡صÿһɲģԺ;ķǳĪ˵ǳá
ƷеĪͻȻоԼɽǰе߳˷䡣
Īڌǵһʱ֮УʶһλˣԷɴԼңΪڵĪӣ֮ϵҪĪӸ˽⣬һڲκģֻжԷһԻһЩİϢ
֮߳ĪӼɽ£ɽǰõĽ㿴Լɽǰ˸ֶһһĵۣôģ۴ڶԷϣȴ˸еһ˿ŵλĪʱʶλˣʲôĪӲ֪ԷԳƺµˣ
ԱߵһˣĪǵһμһϮ£ϵϢЩԷΪƺոͻԪɾ粻õӡ
½Ԫɣ
ǰİˣĪ̾뷨
֮Ҳһʱˣ˵µԪɳ֣ҲȫǺ顣
Ī񣡡µ˿ĪӭЦĪӴ˸кĪӻָ֮ߵ˵
λѣ¼ͥԪɣո֮ϣ˸ھӣĪѣʵѣеˮûн࣬еĻܷȳһЩ
µ˵ĿģĪжʱһ˿ɻˮΪһɲģôȽϹ㷺һ࣬ͬҲ̫ϡе֣ͥڌרŵĳ͌ϵ˽ףܹˮҼ۸ǳȫûбҪԼﹺ
ƺǿĪӵɻ󣬺µ˿ڽ͵ͥʱûˮˣ˵гһ⣬岻ڤ壬ڣҲ֣׵֮ʱЩΣգ
µ˸𰸣Īвһԭ˵ĸоȻ̽ɽͬʱ顣
ˮ֮УṩˮģǳפеЩˣ˵Ī÷ХɵиĵҪռ֮һ
ռĲǵҪҪҪģǷ壬֤㲻ᱻһ׵ռ죬ֻҪսһеˣͻ˲ռЩɲģҲѽЩ
ڤĦûͣ£˵ڸ嶼ӦðĿȷŵڤΪҲͻȻĪڴߵĺµ˺Լķǰʱл⡣
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˵仰ʱ϶һĨ֮ɫȻҪˮᣬĪӱûʵ
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ںµ˺뿪Ī»صԼķУó˸ղŽõöǮ͡
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öǮһһɫĵǮķֱдһ֣Ⲣĳĳ֮ͨƣĸ֣ʵͬһֲֻ֣ͬдֱõ֣ģģԼģݶͬһ֣
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һīɫķ·̺޾ĹâЩڵصĲľǵٶ˲ٴɽ壬ڶ̶ʱڣȫЩľûɽһһȦ
ţЩïʢĲľȴͻȻ·ʱĵԭѾĸߴҵĲľ˻صǱӣͷ·ղŷĳ棬ûзһ㡣


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Ϊɱīȣͨˣһɨȫһͨͨȣ˿˿֮Īȴ֪īȣ˶١
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еīĪλһݹ⣬ѸٵķգŌϵһȥ
ʱ䣬ΪīȵǿȣĪѾҪûɽˣīѾΪɱĪӾ׼濴һЩϢʲôֵעģͱ˵ǰЩӣеսǲĻˡ
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ʱҪðһֳ֮ǾͰڤͥȻһһֻݻȻǡʱӦ˶ҲͰˣ˹ˣЩֵζˣ


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ŵѣϴκһͬҵ֧ɲݣѾλѵŵӦõջ񣡡
µԵ΢ЦŽӹԷݹĵǮ΢΢ĵͷ
Īӿһ۶ԷеöǮöǮɫ̺ͬĵҲǲͬġ
λѣһ£ˣĪɨһ֮ע⵽Եڿֱӿڸǡ
ԣΧļֻ΢ЦŵͷĪȥǣұǾཻһ£뿪ʱкͺá
Ī뿪֮ĿĪ뿪ıӰֱĪӵʱջĿ⣬ֻղеѯ֮ɫѾʧˣȡ֮һַǳԲĪɣ˿һ̣еʲô
뿪Ⱥ˵ĪӣֱӱԼɽ壬ڷ֮УóǰյԺµеöǮ
ĪҲ֪ǳʲôԭܾƺЩ⣬ĪҲûзЩʲôֻǾϵʣ˵ıִںܴĲ졣
ϵͬѰĺµˣҲĪӾľֹǳĹ졣
Īǰһ£͵һɽʧһѸͷǱһ͵ˣȴûʲô֤ݣڽУʧͷˣñɵˣһһ͵ͷˣֱʱ֮ɽҵԼĸͷٿԼɵˣȴöԷΪֱֹ÷ǳˡ
ĪӺͺµ˽Ӵܹ࣬Ҳͼ棬ΪֹҲͼôΣĪʵҲЩȷǲΪԼ̫ˡ
µ˸һöǮһ㣬ȷһЩɵ㡣
һǺµ˾Ȼǵ˵ģһƺЩ̫ףڶǺµеǮòЩడ
һöհ׵ĵǮҪҪһʱ;ģǮļֵҲôͬʱͬ
˾ǿȫƳʱ;˵Ĳ𣬿ˣҲ̫ʱϣҸľȻǱ֤ˣ֮ϣɾˣֻ˾Ĵڡ
µΪһɣ֮ǰΪĪӣȻôľȥôĵǮɫͬĵǮҲԼܹɵġ
ȻȫпǴӱлõģԺµ˽ʵȦӣҪ೤ʱ䣬ռôĵǮȴֺ۵ĽЩǮȫȥ
ûжĻɵĻĪӶԺµֳһЩϸ΢Ĳ֮ʵҲ⣬˶ĻɣЩȻĪӵЩһˡ
öǮĪһϸĶ̽ĪӻûзöǮ˿Ĺ֮
Щְ취һ£ʹ֮Уܷʲô⣡Ķ˰죬ĪվʵʹһöǮ֮пöǮǷ⣬ûеĻ㽫ҲۣԼǡ


ʮһ ְ
ѵҶˣĪ֮ǰת󷨣һڵ֮УΪṩģҲûκĵǮĪ
ĪѾ˼ַ֤еöǮˣȻûзκε⡣
ΪṩģãöǮʹǳһ㲢ûгĪӵϣΪöǮ⣬µ˼ȻҽǮǾͲ˻׵ķʲôǮʹãһбϵġ
ĪӾʹõĹ֮УһĵǮ̺֮ķһ߹۲ǷʲôصֶΣ᲻ŷĶԼ֣ڿַʽûзʲô⡣
ֹͣǰ󷨣ĪӽеöǮյУȻЩĵϸһеöǮΪڲķģɫЩ֮⣬ûзʲô⡣
ڻ취һʹõǮΪԼһ£Ƿ⣬һ취ǽһöǮ׵ĸɾǻٵ֤һ£ĪöǮ˼š
ֱΪֹĪѾԹ֤ķûз⣬ﻹǶöǮЩģһԤиöǮȷ⡣
ö̺һЩˮ֮ɫǮһöɫЩģ̺һЩ֮ɫǮ
ĪӿһöɫǮڵķתɫĹâɫĵǮ
Լķ֮УĿʼƵĵǮĪӵʶεסŹκһ˿ı仯
ǮΪ֮ͨĻңӲȻֻ൱ͨĳ̶ȣĪӵķ֮£ûܹ֧ŵסܿͿʼơ
ŵǮһƣĪͻȻԾһ׹⣬Ǯеķ̺֮һ˲й¶˳
Īǰһ˦Ծŵ׹⣬˲仯һֱӷɽ⣬һĪӲµһ
Ͻɲ֮µԱߵһ˵ԭǳ棬һ˲䣬ϵɫȴ΢΢һЩ仯ȻĿһƫתֻǸոתһ룬ȴӲֹסԼĶֽת˻ȥ
ΧһЩȻע⵽˺µ˵ĶǴҶû⣬ֻĿͶҰԴʵ
ʲô𣿡
һöǮˣµҲɫĻظ
ǸĪӰɣǳ϶ٴδҵõ˺µ˿϶Ĵ𸴡
ûʲôɣʵ
ûУҵͨôױֵģǽɾǿߣҲһܹߣһֻѡĪΪĿ꣬Щˣµ˻ش
İɣֻҪֲˣǾͲκε飡ǳƽ˵

ûκε⣬пҶˣĪĿգʶɢķѾɢ˵ϡ
һöǮٻĪҲûзκε⣬вòɣǲԼ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ĪӵʶӦ֮УǮķ׵ɢˣĵǮҲͬʧӰ٣һжǳ
ͷٿΨһһöǮҪ֤Ǿֻһ취ˣöǮ̺ˮ֮ĪȴǺô
һöǮĪ˼˰죬Ȼһֵ̯Ԫ«С
ֻʣôһöǮֲ뽫գǾԪ«Կһһֲʲôô˵µ˵ĵǮӦûʲô⣬һжҶˣ
Īһ߽ʣµһöǮͶԪ«Уһ
ʣµһöǮ̺ˮ֮Ԫ«֮УĪӾͲţһö̺ˮ֮ĵǮԪ«ڲصסʲô֡
ĪӽǮͶ뵽Ԫ«֮УʼڵķݶԪ«ܣĪʶҲĿԪ«еöǮ۲Ԫ«еı仯
Ϊ鱦Ԫ«ʮѾǳǿˣҲ˺ܶã͸ĹЧҲǿ˺ܶࡣ
ĪڴݶԪ«֮ڵԪ«ɢ˺ڹ⣬ĪӵתԪ«еöǮԪ«תҲԪ«Ӱ죬ˮɫĹâҹâʼһı롣
һˮɫĹâǵǮ̺ķڱ֮Щû˷ѵǱԪ«ա
ͬԪ«յģдöǮĵϣһλԪɶˮ֮ȻԷȲĪӣԪ«˵ٻһٽãܹԪ«ڲݻҲԵĪӻúô
ӣ뻹ջһöհ׵ĵǮ
ŵǮеķ͵ϱԪ«ϵİ룬ͬʱǮɫԽԽĪв
Ǯеķ͵϶ѾҪˣûκη֣ʵǰĪӶԼֵܷʲô飬Ѿ̫ϣˡ
ĪҲûзԼĹ۲죬Ϊ飬ǵͷŻᷢ벻ת
ǮɫԽԽһƷ͵ϼ룬ȻʱĪڲһ˿εһ˿İ룬ӵǮа˳
Ȼа֣
һ˿ε֮Ī̾Ԫ«ܣһ˿˺«֮УȻϸĹ۲
һ˿ԷǳǿĪӾãԪ«УôԼɹĽһ˿Ҳһܹһ˿ɾĸ֣Ҳһܹһ˿
ĪȻ֪һ˿ãԶ׼Ӧòʲôö
һ˿ڵǮ֮УյǮеĵΪôһ˿ҲᱻգӶﵽһЩɸ˵Ŀġ
Ԫ«еһ˿Īٴοʼ˼ԼɹĽһ˿˳ָδһ˿׼ȷ˵Ǹδ顣
ĪӲ֪ǮеЩֶΣǺµµģʲôŪģǶԷѾǮ͵ԼУǾǶԼҪԼѾԼĪȻҪɫ
ڸµ˵Ŀ֮ǰĪӲ׼ȥֱ鷳飬ҲȫԲԼǸͥˣǰæ
ȥͥĸ֣鱨ȥܹ֪ͨλϯӦǰڴ֮ǰҵȥŪһöֵǮΪ֤ݣת֮䣬ĪӺܿԼҪôҲû˿ԥ̷ɳɽ塣
ҪҵһöֵǮĪӲ²⣬Ӧһ׵飬ʱ䣬µûٽֵǮɢȥĪȥݷüλʶµ˵ˣӦþܹõԼҪĶٲеĻղŵλŵѣоöȫһȷĿꡣ


ʮ 淢
ͻȻЩǸĪӣ᲻ĲЩʲô֮УݹⲢŷУǺµ˺ˡ
ҲǸĪӣƺЩڹעˣ˺ΣգҲͬʱ
ô죬ҪҪ취Īӣµٴδ뵽ĶС
ʱҪĪͱĸֹעˣʱҪٺκεĽӴˣҲס´βҪ̰ѡ鷳Ŀ꣡ش
ʲôµԣ΢Ĭһ£˵
뿪ǣȥĵطȻĸоǾͲܶˣֱ˵
ǣͥǿеפءµ˵Ĵո˵һ룬ֱӱˣһֲݾܾǳ˵
ûпǣ˵ͺãȱȫԼı
˵仰ʱʣԵ÷ǳĴ䡣
ŪˣĪӿеöǮֻͷһɽ壬¶һ˿Цݣ˲仯һݹա
õǮĹ̺Ī֮ǰһֻǰݷλԪɣͻһöӺµĵǮ
ݷλɵĹҲǳȤĪֻ˵ԵһλԼĿģȻͿλˣɫ˲䷢һЩ仯ɫǱޱѿΪѾʹ˴ӺµõĵǮ
Īû͸¶ԼֵǮĿģֻ޵˵һЩ飬ʣµ£ϵĵһλˣѾԲˡ
ûһλɵӣĪܹţרֵǮѾ˵һЩһЩĵطֻҪ΢һ£ЩЩ˶ܹס
ĵڶλˣֱӾǵһλĪӹģõöǮĹ̷ǳ˳ĪûиʲôĪöǮˣҲûκεҪ
ŸոõֵĵǮĪӵĿǳȷȥʹţӦͥڌϵĻУƽٵĵطˣͬʱҲǳ½֮⣬û˻ȥĵط
ʵԵĻĪӸԸ⽫ֱӸϯӦλУϧǣͲ֪ϯӦģЩڌѾ˺ܾõˣҲ֪ϯӦĪӾֻͨˣ
ٴŵġǰĪ˸кڵ֮˽ȥ
Ǻϴι龰һģһ֮һۼģǼòһģһĿܣŵӰǳͻأĳ֣Ǹʱӡ
ĪʱڌϣĪѻϰ߰ɣټĪ֮ǿһ䣬Īӵĵ΢ЩģҲ֪ĪӻǾ飬ط½֮⣬ƽʱûʲô
ǰʵѣ׼ȷ˵һҪϱͥǰĪ˵仰ʱ򣬱ǳ֮࣬е֣أҲǰʶĪӽҪ˵飬ܿĲʲôС¡
Ī뽲¹شҶȻͥڌϵϯǰſ˵Ī˼Ҫͨᱨͥĸ֣ϾܹµģԲһɾܹġ
ŵĻĪûʲôӣóһöǮͬʱȡһ沼˸ַĵƿƣרһ˿ġ
ţͬʱǰµŽһ¡
Լ֮󣬱Ҳ֣ţĪӼ˵ӣһ˿ڵǮ֮еƿ֮УǳĹΣڲ鿴ʱҲصСϸһöǮ֮ǰлõģͬҲǺµģӦÿΪ֤ݡ
һĪӵĻһҲԼֶΣ̽ƿ֮УĪ˵һ˿ǳζҹ
˵ʵĪӵĽžãԼƿҲһܹһ˿ζֹɾΪһ˿Ѿ£ǾϸĹ۲죬ƿ֮УӦһ˿ζֹ
Īѷİɣ¹شȥϯӦǰ£Ὣ²壬ĪѲżĻڴԺȥȥͻأеĪ˵꣬׼ȥϯӦ
͵Ǯйص飬յĽΣµ˾ǲͼı죬¶ѾһˡΪǮͥģΪ˾֮ͨĻңʲô⣬ϵͥϵ֮ͥУλоǮǰĵ;òӡ
룬Ҿڴ˵Ⱥ򼴿ɣĪӵͷԼȺһ㲢û˿Ĳ
ʱҲûкĪӿĪӵĻش֮ת뿪ǰȥϱˡ
һڶУĪӱĴһ£ܿĿ䵽ЩһģһæµԼĿϡ
ɾĸ֣Ԫǿȱøǿˣֻͷ㳤ʱĿЩܣҲûκεӰ죬Ԫͷڷ֮󣬴ڵʱѾ̫Ӱˡ
Īһ߾̾ɾֵһϸĹ۲Щܡ
֮ϵڣĪӷ֮ϵˣڸֿܵ÷ǳĶ֪࣬ЩܣҲǷǳǿġ
ЩܵĴڣֲĲ㣬ս֮мʧҴһЩҵʱҲܹ֡
Ŷ֮е⼸߿ܣ侫̶Ȳ㶥⣬ĪϸĴ󣬸о⼸ܵսҲֻˮƽǿǾװľ޴Ǿɾϵս
Ŷе⼸߿ܣҪǴһЩ£̶ֳȾѾȫˡ
ЩɵĿܣĪͻȻãȵԼ֮֮һ̶ŵ㣬һҪŪһЩĿܣԼֻǷֻԪͷ飬ȫԼûʲôӰ죬ܹķԼ
ĪڵȴŻһߵţѾϯӦĵĪӸϯӦ
ӹеöǮƿϯӦĿ⿴Ǹĵƿüͷ΢΢һ£ţͽƿ򿪣нһ˿ζй˳һ˿ԼģĿĶ߸޷
ʱ֮ϯӦֽöǮУȻ֮һİ֮УеöǮͷ·֮ڻһ㣬ϵıû
ֱöǮ׵ʧϯӦУһ˿ζֹҲϯӦöǮа˳
ֶͨΣҲô󵨣ϯӦţͬʱ˫һУ˸˵ĸоͱΣ


ʮ ǵҪ
ĪŵĶУԼ˿Ҫһʱʱ䣬Ų»һͬģ֮ǰϯӦ
ϯǰټϯӦ֮Ī̱ŶԷһһڶԷߺ˵ĸлĪӾЩ֣أлټĻһҪȽʽĵл
ϯӦڼĪ֮ϵɫôÿֱӿʵ˷Ǹµ˵ĵǮ֮⣬ûķ֣
ϯӦʻĪ΢΢ҡҡͷȻشʼʱֻǾøµһо΢΢Щ죬ֶ֮ԺµɢЩǮ΢һģҲֻüҳЩǮ⣬ʲôҲûʲô˽⣡
ĪôشϯӦϵɫûһ˿ı仯ֻ΢΢һͷȻȥ
ĪӽĿͶһԵţдԵѯ֮ɫ
ע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬㿪ڽ͵ϯӦǰûж˵ʲôղڻ֮ǰȥҹǸµ˺Ѿ뿪ˌǣûӰֶ֮ΣҲ޷ҵ˵ټ˾˵ġ
̺ڵǮ֮еһַǳֶͨΣֶͨΣɾߣҲ޷׷ֶ֮֡ͨʩ߿ȡʩߺܶĶΪ
ŵĻĪ̾˺µ˶̶ʱ֮УΪȵ֮ǰĪӻãǺµ򣬻ߺЧڿпֶͨεá
ܹȡ߰ΪڵĺܶණֶͨΣδЩ̫ˣĪ
ǣֶͨΣа취ܹ𣿡ĪӼʵ
ҪֶͨΣӦò̫ףѵĵطҪںѲһ˿εܹӦòô鷳Īӵ⣬ɫҲЩѿĶĪӽ͵
µڌϲ֪ɢȥٵǮЩõ˵Ǯˣ²ٵ˶ѡʹãЩѾʹ˵Ժµ˵ǮˣҳϵֶͨΡ
ŵĻĪһûʲôȥʱ䲢֪ĶҲôˣҪ֪ʲô¾ֻȥϯӦˡ
߳ŵĶĪӾ׼Լ֮ϱͥԼģʱѾˣʣµ飬ȫԼ룬ͥȻᴦõġ
Ȼµ˺ƺѾ뿪ˌǣĪһ㶼˻ӵôɾѣͥʵδЩ̫ˡ
ĪǰŸոջصԼ֮žͿԼǰϹһϯӦӰٴγԼǰ
ٴγĪǰϯӦɫղѾÿһЩȻûʲôЦݣ벻˾úѹˡ
ҪĪӣϯӦ˰֣ͬʱ˵Ҫôҹ㣬ǳļʱոշ̱˳ͥһǱڵ鷳ɵúܲ
ǰˣΪͥһԱֻӦĶѣĪǫһ䣬ʵ
֪µ˺˵䣬ǷѾˣ
ʱûУѾͥһλɣϸ׷ģϾֶͨڵǮ֮У¹ĵ;һĵģǸµ˺ֻҪ徳ڣ;ܲˡϯӦĪӵĻϵıٴɶһЩ̧ͷһգͬʱƽ˵
ϯӦĻĪ̾Ͳ³˶Էλɵݣ¹ضԷ;ڵǮޱȵģֻоǮλ֡
ǮΪ֮以ͨеĻңԭռԾûôߣٳôһ飬ǶԵǮƹ൱ĲӰ쵽ͥλԴΪ;Ľɸ֣ɵöԷġ
Ī֪ģʵǺµԭĳ㵽ֻΪԼʲôԭһǳҪֻǿǰϯӦĪӲ֪Լòʡ
ԼֻһɣȻٵֿУǰϯӦҲԼֵķǳƣⲢԼԷϾǱʵֶǻȺŵġ
ǲ֪ϯǰµ˺ǸΪҪĪ֮󣬻ǽ˳
Īӽʳ֮ϯӦתͷһۣвûʲôɫֻڿһ֮󣬺ܿƿĿ⣬˵
֮ǰҸոȥѲ˺µ˺ĶѾһˣϢĨøɸɾҲʲô
Īע⵽ϯӦ˵Щʱϲûһ˿ɥ飬ϵϢԼ֮ȴ͸һѹȸС
ϯӦ仰Ѿ͸¶һЩϢµ˺˵ĶУϢĨ˸ɸɾϯӦĸֶʲôⱾѾ˵һЩ⣬Ϊƾµ˺ɣɾǿߵġ
Īӣ֪Ϲʱô𣿡΢΢ͣһ£ϯӦͻȻ仰һתתͷĪ˵һ䡣
ʷ϶һЩϹʱڣڼз֮棬ѹУϻղڵһʳ֮ʱȡ壬Ϊ֮ǿ֮һĪӸæش
з֮棬ǺǣֹϹʱڵ壬ѪỻΪÿʱÿ̶ͱūۣϹʱڵ壬ôĴ״̬ȼǻ֮𡣡
ϯӦһ˵ţ֮廳֮⣬ƺϹʱЩѡ
ûôǸʱ֪£ҲһЩǰģСǿ֮Էչô죬Ϊ̫ԼѹͷɽƵ岻òǰߡ
ͣѪ֮ͷɽϵĸǰУǵǵϣ岻ϵǿϣ¾
ҵȼ̳־˿и岻ϵǿʢһȴʼն벻ͨĪӣܸܲҴ𰸣
ϯӦһ仰ڣĿٴתĪӵϣĶĪӵ˫ۣϵε˰̣ʱȻһǵƣԵ÷ǳɲ
ܸܲңͬ壬ΪʱգѡֱͦӻţôһЩˣȴǵҪţϯӦĪӵ˫ۣ˵
ĪûлشϯӦĻһ̣ͷȴڷٵתϡ
ϯӦ˼Ѿ뿪ĺµ˺µԭ򣬿³㲢˺пܣͽ
һˮˣ˷壬ѹȣȷǷǳŽᣬֱ壬Ͷ廳֮еˣʵҲûУʷ֮омأֻǶˣʷ֮жһʴġ
Եڶʳ֮飬ͱ֮٣ûⷽļˡ


ʮ ϯӦ
ĪһֱĬţûлش⣬ϯӦҲûϾܿͽص˺µ˺ϡ
Ǹµ˺Ųһ£ϵѾʧˣɵʱ̫̣㻹ûƽĵϸڻû²壬µ˵ĵϸȴǳǮеֶΣӦСͨΪ֮ͨµģ
ϯӦҲ֪ǳʲôȽϸĸĪӽһºµ˺˵ĵϸ
ںµ˵ͨϯӦؽһ£Ͼµ֮ϵʱ䲻ˣҲμӹսСֻͨͥҪ飬а취ܹ鵽ġ
µ֮ǰСͨʵֱȽϼߵģڵǮ֮еֶô
СͨΪͨһôɣĪϯӦĻ֮󣬶ںµСͨоЩ󰡣
Сͨͨĳ̶ȣ̲һ͵ģСͨҪϵ򵥵һַĪӺͽˣǾǲϵʹãʹõĹ֮мȻУϵСͨ
ĪԼСͨͨҲԶˣСͨĵΪϣĪӵΪһ£СͨĽͨļˡ
ϯӦƺĪӵɻǼڵ֮䱦ʱȽ϶̣ȻôеĵѾˣ֮һЩıʱѾȫˡ
оһ䣬ʵƵһֶеĵҩܹ˶ͨĸ򣬾˵ЧǳĲ
ϧǳıصرʵΪֹûҵģ
Ȼ䣬ֲúµͨĪ΢΢̾һ䣬ͬʱҲϯӦ˼ԷⲢڸԼʲô䣬ڸԼ飬пΪ
Īӵһ̾ϯӦͻȻһĨЦݣĪ˵ԺȵΪǿˣгһռôԥֱӰҰλҵһʱ򣬾гһգܹ
˵仰֮ϯӦϵı飬ѾһμĪӵʱһºˣƺΪµĲãѾźĪӵĽ̸ɢˡ
δлĻ䣬ȻĪϯӦĻ΢ЦŻش
ڴôһ죡ϯӦԣŲǰƺ׼̸뿪ˡ
ĪӼ״æŶԷһͬʱ˵ϴ׿飬ûǰʾллǰ֮
ԭǰߵϯӦĪӵĸлŲͣסˣתͷЦĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ͥˣǽе󱲣ȻˌǣǵȻҪ㣬ֻҪպ󣬲Ҫʧͺã
仰˵֮ϯӦӰ̻һϹ⣬ʧĪӵǰ
ڸѽϯӦʧ֮ĪĿͣƬ̣ͬʱ
ղϯӦ˵һ仰֮У΢һЩ˼ԴˣĪȫģкµ˺鷢ϯӦ֣е
Ϊܹǿ֮ϵĻţ˲֪ŬεѪʱգʵѾԽԽǿˣɻǻݵͽǶһֱŬһַ񶨡
ϯӦ뿪󣬽ʱ䣬Ī»ص죬ĪܹоԼɾѾԽԽӽˣÿһιʱֹͼڵĿռ䣬ƺڲϵţڲһ黯ʵ黯仯
ı仯ĪΪͻƵһ˷ͬǲԪǶڹͼãȴ֮
ɾͻȾ磬ҪĻǹͼ黯棬ɾطķʽ
ĪӵġԪˮ¼ͼԪķٶǸ죬Ҷ֮սҲмǿ
Ԫˮ¼е֮עԪĻۣõͨԪͨˮɡ
ͨʵĻۣӶԪøǿӶͻɾ硣
ͨķʽͻƣЩ׾ٶȻҲûطսǿƣַʽȴӵͻɾ֮󣬷Ļ̶ȣҪ˷Ĺ
Ī繦֮ԼĹͼҲԪǿһγһĻȱ֤ԼٶȲ̫ܹٽͼݻ
Īӹͼ𽥵黯棬Īӷ֣ԼСͨҲ𲽵ƵȵԼͻɾڣСͨҲܹ˳ĽΪͨʱԼʵܹòС
ĪߣΪܵΪӽͻƣרĵĴɽڌϣϯӦͥһЩ֣ڴźµµ鷳
Щʹ˺µ˵Ǯˣ⼸ʱ֮УѾһһ˳кµ˵ЩǮҲȫͥջء
ջЩǮḶ́ͥñȽأѡ˰ţȻͳߵȼ۵Ľ÷ǳķʽһһЩǮȫ˻֮Уûע⣬ҲûС
ЩǮջ֮󣬲ûѡ٣ͬҲûڌϣǽ˾֮С
ʣЩʹ˵ǮˣҲûʲô£̲صһ˿ζйϯӦ԰ˣΨһ鷳˵ģֻϯӦԼˣϾ̫Σͨɾ֣Ҳ޷׼ȷĽҳֻԼԶ֡
ʱŹȥ˰ңصѾˣһ죬ĪԼķ֮ȴͻȻо֮Уһɿ񱩵ѹ
ô£
Ī˫ۣĿ͸ݵĴգֻ˿̵Уе̫̫Ŵ֮⣬Ȼһſű׹ҫ۵Ĺں̫̫Ŵԣŵ洫һֿ񱩵ѹ
ͻȻУ׹ĹȻһǳͨɿ񱩵ѹͿжϣӦλǿǿ֮н֣λǿֵ߽λò֪жԶ˽ֵĺ棬ôԶҲܹı
ҫ۵Ĺ֮ͣƬʱ䣬ձƵ׹ʧҲֳɢʧ֮ϡ
ȻŲãһâһεĹâͷ·һյǹ⣬ֻһţһ֮ȴֽų֡
ɣǴܸڽ֣Ż˵ƣͬǹĵâĪаԲ²


ʮ 
Ӳ֪ңԶǿ֮дֵֽĳ棬һֱ˴Լʱ䣬ĪҲһֱվ⣬̧ͷգʱ䣬Ȼ˸Ĺâ֮⣬ʲô
͹ƾЩ˸Ĺ㣬ĪѾ񣬽ս˫ʵǺεȵǿǵÿһײܹһƬǿյĶĿȥۿǵսĪԼֻվսʸûС
ȵʱ֮Ī»صԼķУûǻԼΪЩǰ֮еĻ档
ֻʣ°صΡɽӦþǴ˵еĲɽΧڲɽΧ˴صĸʬ壬Լһɵģ·ܹٵһĽĪӸеľ
ⷽأԱȲĺĴأһĪӺڵĪ˵ҲͬǳΣգڵ֮ϣû㹻Ա֮
ʱգλֽսĹӰĪӵһֽȸС
ԼٶȲÿһҲ̤úȣڻͥĸְлţⲢԼȫˡ
սսλ֣ǽսĵصԼһ㣬ôǵĿ겻ԼսʱನѾԸɵԼˡ
֮ң֮Ҳͽǰ֮е£ЩĪӾãһ󣬴֮пݱɸĴģͻԼҪӿһЩǿĲ
ĪӾɾѾܽˣıչһʱ䣬ȫȫĳɾڡ
ΪˣĪӼǿ˻ɽĽԼ;ܵţȻͿʼ˱չء
ʶͼ֮УĪһλΪޱˮ֮еǿòӨ񣬱һɫĹâտ֮䣬Եޱȵ졣
֮ǰͼڵĿռٷһЩ仯ǽµޱˮ򣬻ͷǳĪӱŲ֮ǰһʵС
ĪӿĸоʵлڲϵȻƬռ֮иֹ򲢲걸ĪԼ򵽵ĵ֮⣬ûĺۼƬռԭͺܵĪĵѾ֧Ƭռݻˡ
֮䣬ĪϸϸĸƬصı仯µޱˮУǾŵޱˮ֪ʲôʱʼˮٶȽ˱仯ֻôһƵʡ
ϸ΢ı仯ûжĪӲ˿Ӱ죬ĪӾȤˣ⿴ƬԼޱˮܹһµĸı䣬øʵ
ͷǳ֮ǰҲͬһЩϸ΢ı仯ǲ˸ŵǹ⣬Ѿˣǲ֪ʲôʱʼ˸ŵǹټˣȴʼı󣬾ͷ·Ҫһǹ⣬ɳΪһſŵǳһ㡣
ĪҲͬϲЩǹı仯ЩԼ֦Ҷ֮䣬ǹ⣬һֹ۲Ȥ
ԾĿЩǹ⣬һССĹ㣬ĳһţøͬʱҲӵʵ仯Ĺ̷ǳĻΪһĪⷽȫȱġ
۲Щڱǹ⣬һ΢ǹⲻϵıвһԵϲ֮Уµޱˮ֮УΪˮٵĸı䣬ʱʱĴһ̺֮ͬʱ΢ִһˮҲĪӸеġ
ʱ䲻֪˶ãĪӻĵĹ۲ЩԼ֦Ҷ֮ǹ⣬Ǽ׳󣬿ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӵļƬҶһ£ţϸҶȻ֦ɣҲİڶ
Īע˲䱻ܵ˷ĺۼ΢ķ֦ҶָоͬǳΪһ˵ҵһµȤ
Ƭʱ֮ǹ΢ٴγ֣Īӵ֦ҶĪҲǳϣ΢紵ķİڶԼ֦ҶһΣĪӻ΢ԼҶʱµ֡ɳɳ졣
Ī̿ʼڴˣڴһ΢ĵڴٴ죬ڴƬܹӾһЩ
һΣĪӵȴʱȽϳ˺þãһ΢紵ֻǷ͸ղЩͬûйϵĪֻϲֱ΢ĸоں絽ıߴ
һ΢磬ƺһεķ磬Ҫ΢һ㣬ĪӵҲ·ޱˮˮϣ΢öһһĻͬĪע⵽ˡ
ĪӼƬޱˮķŭӣҲһƬӣûһеӣǰᵴӣȴĪӾõʱ
ޱˮϵƽĪЩźΪóʱ̫ˣˮϿԼĵӰǳľ޴󣬶ҫɫĹâǳл
ĪԼˮеˣȻԼˮеӰĳȡ
Ƭռ֮û̫ĪӷԼˮеĳȣûΪʱŷ̫ı仯ֻԼɫĹâøҫˣΪӳˮеɫȾķΧһ㡣
һֱ仯ֱ仯ƬرøʵĪԼҲøǿˡ
һ΢紵ޱˮˮϵһĪӵӳˮеӰЩģˡ
ȻһΣˮϵûʧǺԴԴϵɢޱˮˮ棬һ΢΢
ĿĶƬĪͻȻоԼʶ·סˣĶƬˮеǰľʼģʶƺڲϵĳ٣뿪˹ͼ֮С
ڷ֮УĪӽ˫ԭϾڲϰθߵϢȻ֮俪ʼǣѸٵİθһأΧҲĪӵڷӵ룬˺һ֮һвƽ
ĪϰθһصϢʼƽ˫ģ΢֮˫ۣӳķݣĪôһ˲Ļ֮С
ͻˣ
һĹĪһ˲Ļ֮оʧˣȡ֮ϵһĨЦݣɹͻƵԪڡ
ƾ贿ۣĹƣԼڵ򣬻һĻԵĪڳΪԪɺȽ϶̵ʱڣΪʹﵽԪڡ
ٶȲ˵ǰ޹ˣߣʷУٶǰéˡ
ſԿһµˣͻƵԪôãΪҲֶֻͨͻȻΪһأĻͻڣпܻǧʱ䡣
Īվƿߵ棬۵ľĪӽŲֲɵͣһ£ΪǰѾһƬ߸ߵӲݣԶһЩĵطѾˡ
һαչʱ䲻̰ǰĲݶѾʵˣǰѾܹûԼĴӵӲݣĪЩЦ


ʮ 
߳ţĪӽŲԺ̤һ̣ԭԺеЩӲݣһ˲䣬ʼѸٵһ䰫ܿȫû˵£Ҳ±ƽ
ĪԺУĿΧһȦֻԼɽϣɽ׵ɽһƬдеӣԼ⣬ΧѾ׵ıֲˣΨһһѵģҲֻԭɽϣΪЩˡ
ЩľֹģĪһαչصʱ䣬»ǲ̣ԣĻУľٶҲǷǳģɽҰһƬ׵ľ󣬷ŵֻӦҲǼĹ
ɽҰ׵ĲľĪڵķתһɫĹâӽɢѸٵĴɽ壬ȻЩķǳ׵ĲľͿʼѸٵСܿͻصĪӱչ֮ǰӣֻǸʱԶһ㡣
ȳȥɣҪ֪αչأ˶õʱ䣡»ָ糣ɽ壬ĪӲûɽϵ˼׼ȥ֪Լչضˡ
λһݹ⣬ĪֱӷգŌЩ˾ۼĵطȥ
ܿ죬ĪӾ͵ƽЩ˾ۼͥײ֮䵽Űϣ̫ɵǣһΧûʲô˾ĪҲû⣬ϾЩƽʱҲеû¸ɵģ´ҾۼƵĵطҲʱʱ̶̿ˡ
ǰײϵĵطͥĸһڵģҪ֪Լһαչضã˽һЩϢﶼܹõ
Ī߽רŽ׸ɲĵĵطܿͼ֣ͥ΢ͶԷ̸˼䣬ĪӾʹӶԷУ֪Լαչص˶೤ʱ䡣
û뵽αչأȻ˽ʱ䣬£Īи̾
ȻԼչؽ̤ݵһĪӾ֪Լչصʱ䲻̣֪Լչػʱ֮ĪӻǾãԼչصʱʱŵĺܿ졣
ӦĪԴʱȽϳһαչˣչصʱ䣬ĪӽΪͻڣõʱʵѾˣϾĪһβֱͻƣһʱʱ䡣
˽Լαչʱ֮Īִһ£Լչصʱ䣬ûзʲô¡
Ƭ֮Ī΢˽Լչصʱ䣬ڲĴ¡
ĪӸձչصʱʵһ·ͥһλɺڵĸ֣ĸΪĳЩ飬ǿ֮д֣һֱʱ䣬ʤ
λͥĽɺڸ֣ͥоǮλĪϢ֮󣬶λֽսԭдѾˡ
ûĻλоǮĽɺڵĸ֣ĽɸֵֽԭӦþǺµ˺ˡ
ĪӲ֪µ˺վôˣϢĪӲ²⣬Ӧûúúõġ
ͥλɺڵĸֺһս֮ǱߴһߵϢǺͥλɺڸһս֮λƺ˱չء
ûãĽ紦һɾĸ֣һλҲ֣巢˽
һϳ֣Ĵ߽սս岢ûռʲôˡ
ϳߵĵ·ǳ֮ȻδҪɵĿԼֻͣҪǿ֮УԷʵڴߵľУڶˮ׼
һս֮ûã̫̫ŴΧ̫崫̫ߣһϮ˫̫̫ŴΧսʮգһʧɾǱնɱɾս
ΪЩϢĪӲ²⣬ͺµӦûúúõģҴı֮УΪǻţŻ˵塣
ϵ⼸սȫսŴһ֮ǰھ֮УҲͬʼʰ
սǿ֮У˱Ƚ٣ھ֮ڵǺǿһΣȡ˲Сս
ĪӾãھ֮ڵȻǱȽϿƵģϾҪ˼һЩ⣬˵ˮ壬ٱ컯档
֮Уе죬ɶλ컯ٵģȻλ컯Ѿܾòǰˣھ֮нսҪһЩϾڲǸģıͻʱ滹λ컯ѹš
̫λ컯治׵ĸԤЩ飬̫һ̫λһڱҪʱλһָԤġ
ĺ棬ͬʱֺܿưһ֮Īֲɵа
ں͸ļνս֮У壬ʱѪսʵʵģ٣Ǿƣȴʼά΢ƽ֮УʹռˣҲʼûȡøԵƣʹ΢ƽ⣬ʼնš
Ҳ΢ƽķʽֻٳһλ컯棬һҲͬҲϣԼܹһλ컯档
һλ컯ĳ壬ô޷ɨ壬Ҳܹһѹ壬ĳΪ֮ǣȻλ컯壬ܾˣ
ĪӱչصУ֮Ħ֮⣬ֵע黹һǾ֮ǰ֮гֹ⣬Ȼֳһö
εöڴϣλûɵľ徳ڣȻģöС
ĪӸеЩǣöⲢûĸţ߻ʳͰټѧУûбһߵõöڳֵĵһʱ䣬ͱһȫûͨ˵õˡ
˵ҲǳɣöոճֵʱֳƻСøһҩˣֵΧҩΪƣڻֱ֮ʧˤ
λҩΧһСĴ򣬲ҽҵĵӣֻͨһЩҩͨƽҲ͸һЩȽСĲ֢ѣҽǻһЩµġ
ոֽӴ⣬öֵ⣬˳µ뵽֮ڣȵΧߺͻʳĹԱϵʱ򣬶ԷѾں⣬⣬ɾ飬һΪ飬λʹﵽƷ
ˣĪڵ֪Ϣ֮󣬶λһ죬ֱӴͨ˳Ϊ˵Ĳò̾
ԷһδͨˣֱӳΪһλƷ飬̶ֳȵνһˡ
ͨ˳Ϊ飬һ£֮һЩ鷳ҲһӶ˲٣һͨˣͻȻ֮УҪٵʱӦܹѧһ顣
Īӳ̾Է֮⣬һ飬ǹġ
Ȼֵܹ֮ڶö⣬Ǿпֵܳöö⡣
Ī֮ǰмƻøĸóһǳѡ
ԺⷽϢ΢ϵˣĪ


ʮ Сͨ
Ī˽Լչص֮У巢Ĵ£ܵ˵Ȼ˲ٵ飬Щ飬ûӰ쵽֮΢ƽ⣬ҵ֮ʱ֮УҲûнһ󣬷ȶ΢Щɢ
ⷽҪΪԭ飬òֿһֳİ취Ȼ챮ţѾ԰һЩŵо档
ͥĽײ֮ĪӲûֱӻԼĵطȥǾۼĵطЩطһЩϤˣͬҲ˼ס
ЩףȻĪӱչص֮䣬½ԪɣЩ˵ĿУĪӵ֪չصĵڶ꣬ѾƽˣЩ½ˣʱ֮УŸոǵġ
˼ǣЩ֮УȻλڴϵʱ˵Īӵ֣һλ֪÷ۡ
ĪӺͶԷ̸˼䣬֪뿪ʱ䣬÷һжãµĵӣ֮⣬µˣҲѾʼˡ
ǵˣһֱɽϣƺĪ뿪֮󣬾û߶
ʶ˼µףֵ֪÷۵һжãĪ鲻׼صɽ壬Ͷ뵽֮С
Ϊոͻƣʱ֮ڣΪ̫˵ָ֣ĲֻǴΪиֶͨΣĪҲҪ
ĪΪ֮СͨҲĴﵽͨĲΣĪӻûԹԼСͨΪ֮ͨ󣬾ﵽ
صԼɽ壬Īվ䷿ݵǰڵķתͬʱʩչԼСͨ
һҫ۵ĹâĪӵɢ˷Բǧ֮еĵطڹâ֮һƬЩϤİľ󣬳ĪӵΧ
ĪӿԼΧľˮ٣ŽأľӳģΧвʵ׷ɣȫһƬķ羰
֮ǰЩͬǣƬ羰⿴ʵľ߱˼ʵıʡ
Ī̧ḧһԵһ仨ֵĴУʵĻһ޶ΪĪӵĸ使޵Ļ䣬Ĳһ¡
ǰ㾰ĪüͷһڵķٴתΧƬľۣΧһ˲Ѹٵĸסɽ壬ҹâš
ĪԭɽǰõĽȫûֹƬӰɢΪӰɢĪԭõĽ˲顣
ɢĹӰѸٵɢ˷Բʱͣ
ɢλã˵Ѿɢ˼ޣĪӲҪСͨķΧˣﷶΧѾĪ֪ȫԸʱˮľ廪ַΧܹɢ̶ֳȡ
ԭɢĹӰֹͣɢ֮󣬱Ѹٵȶ»˸ַľ
ԲĻ̿һƢĻҲ֮ɢĪվλãѾһƬһʢˮҶ죬
Īԭվɽ壬ȴѾʧˣͺûдڹһ㡣
ĪӰؽ䵽ˮϣżˮһ̣һϸ΢ˮĪӽż㣬Χˮɢͬ⻬ˮϣһ΢΢
ĪܹĸоԼԭվɽ壬ԼС֮ͨУƺһռ串סˣɽλʵûз仯ֻڣΪĪӵСͨԵʣɽ岢СͨķΧ֮С
ĪһԭƽĺϣͻȻ֮ͳһɽ壬ΧľҲ΢ĵķΧ״һЩ΢ĸı䣬ĽͻȻֵɽ壬ΧĻΪһ塣
ĪһͻȻ͵˰֮⣬ֵͨıԵشǰͨδֵĵشŽصľȣǰƬͨδֵĵشԵĻ
ĪǰһĽŲ̤ͨڵķΧŽصľ̿ʼĽŲǰ죬Īһǰ̤ʮµĲľҲĲʮס
Ŀ⿴ǰĪ֪ԼûǰߵıҪˣٴʧԭأ˲ֵַͨΧһı߽磬ĪӵӰַͨΧĸǽһ˲䣬ӰŲλá
գĪֻصԭվɽ崦ǰһƬĻ޵ɫӳģĪһȦɫĹâɢⷽԲķΧԼͨ
ͨ˲䣬ĪΧľȻûз˿ı仯ЩľԭأɽǰĺҲɴڣֻĪӽµɽ壬֮ǰľȣôһ˿˿ĺг
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Сͨʺ㣡ʱһϤͻȻĪӵĶС
Īĵһʱ䣬̷ֱ˵ݣҲûнŻ⣬תȥ˵һ
ǰˣֻСͨոսͨΣһʱһС֮ͨı仯ǰЦˣ
ϢĪߵˣȻϯӦɣҲֻϯӦܹϢĳκεط
۵ϯӦ˿һɫĻ䣬ĪҡͷЦǫǺ£Ҳǫ飬ͨȷ㱾ĵΪϣ
һ䣬ϯӦеǶɫĻһǶɫĻ̻ɢ
ŶԷԭûκα仯İﷱľĺȫһ˲俪ʼ߽⣬ɫɢ֮С
գ֮䣬ǰľɫɢˣɢ֮󣬿ϣ˼ûɢȥĻľĪǰĺҲûȫɢȥֻǷΧСһأˮеֻʣµô䣬Ҳûиղôˡ
úھСͨСͨһͼ֮еľ˵һϲϯӦǲûȫɢȥĺкˮ֮ʣµļһĨâ󿪿ڶĪ˵
лǰָ㣡Īͷش
뷨뵽ˣǰԹʱΪǳԵҲǳԲûʲôջ
ΪˣСͨҲˣȷٳһ£Сͨľ󣬹Լͼľ󣬿ܷԼʲô档
ָĪһ֮ϯӦĪӣ˵ΪѾͻˣʱҪΪͲô׵ģһζÿΪȡĵ;Ҫߵ˳ҪһЩͬʱԼһʱ䣡
ǰʾĪϯӦ仰µԷԼ²ǿԼʩչСͨеģָԼģҪԸԼ
չ⼸֮꣬ĦĴˣȥ򸽽һʱ䣬㣬Ըȥ𣿡ϯӦĪӣ˵ԼĿġ


ʮ ǰ
ǰĪϯӦĻҲԸеЩ⣬תȻˡ
Լոǵʱ򣬴ԼͥʹȻԼϣԼжʮİʱ䣬ⲢʲôĹֻͥո֮ϵһӦʱ䡣
ĪΪͻɾڣڸոǵʱ򣬺͹еһս¶ʵȻѾɹӦʱ䡣
ΪͻɾڣĪӶʱ֮ڣǰͰٶҲǳޣʱҪӿĪӵĳɳ򵥵ķǸһЩȻٳһʱ䡣
ķǾڶ֤ģΪҲģϯӦˣѹһδεս֮£ɳٶȱЩһλſ޵ˣٶȿ˲ֹһңεսһʵҲԻЩһζſ޵ˣвٶûлڡ
ĪǱϯӦ̫Σն;زۣ͸ĦѾԽԽƵͰĳɳٶȣĪ˵һһ£ԣúõĴĥһĪӣӿһĳɳٶȣϯӦ࣬ҲĪӵԸԸȥðա
ϯӦĿעУĪҲܿף˲˾̧ͷϯӦ˵лǰ࣬Ըǰ
ȥһȥȷǷǳΣգĪӵΪΣտܲô
ÿһԪɶǱں֮һɣҲᵱڻõġ
ǿ֮У彻ֵʱ򣬶ǰĲĪɾˣɾϵĸ֣֮ϣһȽ˼飬Ǿɾϵĸһս֮УļʣʵҪһЩ
ĪɾΪӦûᱻŵ΢һλãʩչɷֶΣƾԪͷŸֻ߿ܣʱս֮зá
ȻҲԿһЩɻܰȫս֮Уʱĸ֣ƾһЩֶΣԽĽ紦󷽵չһɱ¾ǸʱܷԱҪ˵ʵˡ
ϯӦĪӵĻش𣬲ɵ΢΢ͷ˵ãǰ򽻽紦֮Ϻ󣬵һܵͥΪͬҲһϣȥ֮󣬹ʱܹջ񣬴ţΣ֮ʱ˵ܹһ
һ˵꣬ϯӦóһöɫݸĪӡ
ӹϯӦݹöɫĪӵͷ˿¼ķģı濴ĶǷģûжٿ϶һȥֻ˾ۻңѷÿһġ
ѧϰԪ顷ĪӣȴȫʶЩģͬҲ֪öãԼı֮
ĪڴЩ֮ϯӦݸöԱ֮ļֵȫر
ΪԽֶܹ֮˾Խ٣ΪĲ࣬вϺ⣬ĪеöɫõĲϣĪûпĻӦһɲˣҲֻɲļĲϣܹɵ˽ǿߵ
лǰ񰮣мĪеöɫϯӦһ
ԷԼĿأ͹еöͲԶˣԼȥͬʱԼһݱϣǵӲеĴ
лңúûɣҿɵгһգҲڶĿأϯӦԣ΢΢ЦЦ˵
ûʲô£Ǿʰһ£ɣ㵽֮ȥͥˣԻᰲ㵽Ҫĵط
ս֮ϣԼСģǿͻ󷽣ԣ£ΣţпܽǱתΪʵ
ϯӦ˵仰֮ĳĿĪһۣ˼ԣڸĪӣ޷Σյʱȫһ
ĪӶЩȻǳĻϯӦĿ˵ټеĪиһ˿ж
ϯӦ˵仰֮ٴλϹһʧԭأߵķǳѡ
ĪӿϯӦʧλãֵͷһеȻöصĶ
պ֮ĪĿΧһȦԼ䷿ݣֿɽ¶һɽϵǼݣȫûκҪʰĶ
⴦ɽʱĪӾͰﵱԼһʱֻ֮Ǽ򵥵Ĳһ£ɽҲʡˣֻǼ򵥵Ĳ˼
񼴽Ҫ뿪ˣĪҲûʲôģֻϧԭԼԹС֮ͨܵµһƬΪϯӦĹϵûܹסһСΪʵĶ
ϯӦղûнƬƻĻĪӵСͨӪľûܵӰ£뻹ֺܹܾá
ɽǰĽѾڸղŵʱ򱻳ˣĪӼҪ뿪ҲûбҪ²ýΪĪҲ֪Լջ᲻Ծôźˡ
ˣôŰɣһص֮ǰ˿Ǿ͸Ե˰ɣĪ
ɽֻªķݣϼ겢ôĪһʱﱻռˣĪҲеϧ
ϯӦĪӾĪҲû㵢󣬲֮ǰӦ׼Ҫеġ
ӌǵм·̷ǳĳĪûȥһԼһ˳ǿ֮Ҳֱ̫ܹԼλãĪҪȥͼ֤Լʧ
ͥһ֮ĪѾһԲε̣ͼˡ
ĪԲ̵ı棬һٶɫԲ㣬жʮĸԲҪȽϴһЩƵĶʮĿŴǣʣµٶţȻƵٶˡ
Բεֵ̼ʵߣϾȼֻһķѣҪЧǿ֮жλԼλãָһġ
ͼı棬ٶԲ֮УһϴԲ㣬ѾȫԲΧһžȽϽǣҲ΢΢ɢŹâ
ϴԲ㣬ľǽµČǣһ΢΢ɢŹâģǾıȽϽһǡ
򵥵İŪһ£Ī̾˸ʹͼֱӽȻȥ˼߿ܣȡһֲĲϡ
Щ֮Īϸһ£оƺûʲô©ˣǾûڵʱ䣬λһ⣬Ѹٵշȥܿ뿪ˌǡ
ĪӹƣԼڷеٶȣҪӌһֱϵҪһβ̵ʱ䣬һ˵ʱܸϵȻа취˿ٵ͹ȥʱ䲢ϣܹʱϵǾͿԼƵĹȥˡ


ʮ ʰ
ڿ쵽ˣ
Īվһʯϣͼͼһ㣬˵
ӌǳڣѾȥ˴ԼµʱˣµʱУĪȫڸ·֮жɹġ
ɾڵķٶȣޱߵǿ֮Уľ룬ҲеΪ鷳
һ·ϣĪһǿ֮еķ羰Ȼǳʯ֮⣬ǿ֮вû̫ĶɾЩ޵ĶżפϸۿһǳʱĪӻܹһЩ˼ĵط
ǿ֮еǳȫʯʵģһЩɵǳһĪ֮ǰͼʶ˵ɵģֱ˵һŴǳ
֮УĪӻһЩɵǳ˵嶼һǳڲǺ˱һ֮Уɢǳ֮һܿٶȣǿ֮зš
мӲĽǳһַǳıģֲСĪӿ˶ҪǿǳУϧǣǿǳѾռˣԷǿǳƺ׼ǿŽǳƳһɱյܲ
ȻĪӴǳ֮ĸ·֮УĪȴջһɲģҲǸο
µʱ䣬ĿĵԼԶˣĪӽͼ֮󣬱ǰ·֮ǰȣĪһθСһЩӽĽҪһЩֹʲôΣգһķֶΣҪǱԼ䴥ԼΣգǾЩ̫ԩˣ
ĪӼǰУģĪǰ򣬸ܵһ΢ЩϤѹսֽŸС
ͬʱĪҲеһЩ˵Ϣ١
ˣӦЩ˵Ϣ֮Ī֪ԼѾ˴еĿĵأĽ紦
ûĪӼһͻȻĶС
ֹͨ
УĪǰԶλֳΡ
֮Ī̴صͥĪӣǰ
ĪӱԼλ˻һۣһóһͷŪһ£Ȼ̧ܿͷԵһλ˵ͷȻٴζĪӴ
Īɣ
ڵõ˶Է֮ĪżǰȥٶҲŵıȽԵЩС
ʵҲɵĪӲСģղλ˳ֵʱĪӾѾоԼǰԶռ֮޵Ĳĳλ󷨸˲õ󣬶лһЩǳΣյĽóȻȥĻ¾ͻ⵽
ڿȥĪҲòСģ´ЩֶΡ
λڿĪС֮˿ûгЦ֮ɫ¶˼֮ɫ
һˣǻµ彻֮ԻвµķֶΣܹӦЩֶεģߣˢӣ뱣ǲġ
Ī֮λ˱ĪӼǰһڷ;Уһһ߿ڵ
ĪɾڵΪǵһԣĪʱҪĲ࣬Ҫ飬һغһǳͻ룬ĪҪʱڶ飬Ԫͷݿս
ǾʹȥҪػǳڿܣԺһЩǻ͹Ŀս֮Īѻ뼰ʱϱҲἰʱΪ޲߲䣡
һ˵ĽܣĪһߴΧĻƬΪ֮طĪӵĸоǷǳѹ
Χǳ٣ǳ֮䣬ȴЩʯÿһǳеλãƺԼǰһеģɢǳ֮ҲĽӦ
ֲҪػһǳԭΪס󷨣һߴЩǳλãĦЩǳɵ󷨵ĪͬʱҲ뵽
ûе壬λˣѾ䵽һǳϣȻ˵ĪػɣƽҲҪһֱһ丽ŵԪͷĿܼɣǵҪƷ֮࣬Ƭ֮еϽס
ս裬ܹŪĶڴ˴ܹ׵ʱûеϡ֮ͥҲᾡѰң
ڽЩ֮Īԭٶ˽һЩ飬ȴûΪĪӽֻǸĪӣԺΧ˱˴˶ཻһ£ЩΧ˶ܹ
ôʵ𣿡ŴԼλ˴Ҵҵȥ֮ĪĪһֻƵĸо
ԭ֮Уǿ֮еĽ֮ӦǳɭϵģԼǴӺ󷽶ҲӦþһ̲ܵ飬ȻһԼͶսɣ֮󣬾ֱӰԼǳϣȻһȫԼʲô⣬ǲеˣ
Īӷųʶ̽һԼµǳǳСǹͺͺһƬʯ֮⣬ͼûʲôˡ
ǳλãȽϿλãһλ˻ǺչģŵλýΪȫ
ĪӴԼµǳʱһԲһǳϴĶС
֣ĵ𣿡
Ī̻عͷ˫ɫĹâԱߵǿǳһۣ㿴һۣһЦˣ΢ЦԼ
ԼкĪӵȻܲӦҪһ˴ԼϤһԱߵھӣһܺʵĶ
Īӣո˴֣񣡡Ī˴
ĪӵĴԱߵǿǳϵٴδ
̫ˣ˴ʮˣΧڶһλѣĪǷ㣬Ҿͽǰ˵ˣ
ȻǷģ룡Īӻص
Īӻһ䣬Աߵǿǳϣһݹܿ䵽Īڵǳϡ
ǰ֮ˣĪһĨɫΪǰλ֣ˣȻǴԪ̬û
֮УԪߵв٣ĪӻûλˣˣǱԼġ
֣ע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬ĿڵĪӦǳɲðɣûм̫Ԫ֮ߵģ
ҵȷɵʱȽ϶̣ʶЩǳˣ֣Īԣ󷽷ĻӦ
Īˣûйѵ˼ֻ򽻽紦Ԫ֮ߵ٣ĪѽĶˣͲеϡˡ֣ϴ΢Ц˵
ڴ˴ѾʮˣΧһʮǳֻһĪһھӣƽҲһԻཻˣȹĪѴк⣬ĪѶڴʲô֪ҲңܹΪѽģһ˽
֣һ˵꣬Ī¶ЦݣλھӣһȽϺദˣԼụ̂Է˵ˣԼʲô
ո²Ǿ̵ˣĪ΢Цſڵ


ʮ 
ܣһɾΪͥÿ˻ߣ̬඼εģϾ˵εĿܲȽ˳֣΢漰һ㼼ɵĻܹһ޵ָоûѧҲûйϵˣѧܼ򵥵ģս֮΢Ӧһ¾ͻˡ
ǻ˻Ǳ״ˣһҪʱϵͥǻ޺ãֱӸһµģмǣ뿪ʱЩǧܴߡ
Īǰ֣ǳϸٸԼŽܣϱò΢ЦĵĽ
֣Īϵ΢ЦеԷ·ͣһ㣬Īӽܵ
ĪѸӦûûзĪѷģܿ춫ͻ˸͹ʱҪϤһ£ʱ䣬Ħܶ࣬Ӧù˶ãͻһεĦ
һĪѣȵʱս֮ʱΪʹĿܱˣҲǧҪǰ壬ͻ򡭡
ĪǧҪסʵڲе£ǧҪǿˣЩĸͻյĽ޻أҪ㱻˼ͬھǾʵ̫ˣС
֣ž˴ʱԸܵķǳ꣬Ī΢ЦĽܡ
Ƭóɵ󷨣ǿʼһλһλ󷨴Ҳõģһǿ֮Ųһǧ΢Сǳټһǣ󷨵֪֮
ʱֹȥһʱĪɴ΢Цͬú棬ֻȴ任վơ
Χʮǳ϶ûˣʮǳ֮⣬һλѣֻλѲ̫˵ƽʱʱ䶼Լޡ
ʱ֮ĪϵЦѾ䵭ˣһǰ֣˵Īһ̧ͷͷܹ̫̫ŴǣѾʼ㣬ҪҪ϶ԷĻ֣ܵЩȷȫ֮Ҫע⣬ҪǣĪʵҲܹڲ廰Ļᡣ
УʵЩͥˣһЩˣҲƬУͱ˵ŵŮޣоڵĵӣ˶٣ģ̫һڵĽޣ
̫һڵĽޣЩദģ˵㣬΢һ㣬ǾֱӱߣֱǰھﲻԶһ̫һ
֣Ļո˵ͻȻݹǿ֮£䵽Īڵǳϡ
ݹˣǴĪλˣĿģӦþǸĪͿܵġ

˳֣Īгһ˲һɴĸоǰ֣ûĪӾÿԼҪ̲סǿд϶Էˡ
ĪԴ֮·һμֻˣԷֱ̫˵ˣ˿ڽڣѾȥһʱˣԷǿӣ˿ûͣ˼
ȽεǣԷЩݣһЩȫûõĶ
Է֮ڣ԰Ѽ򵥵Ϣˣǳϸĸ㡣һ仰ܽ飬Ը㽲һΣ⻹ƫÿһ֮䣬гµתۣϲ
ĪʵǿдˣεǣЩ⻹ĪԼ̵ģԷĳĸԼҪóȻ϶ԷĪ΢ľٶЩ˶Էôá
ڣλͥ˹֣δı飬ƺЩʲô˵û˵ĪӸæһߣλӭ˹ȥ
λ񣡡Īߵ˵ǰ΢Цſ˵
λ˿΢ЦĪӣ˶ûп˵ǿһĪ֣Ȼһۣ϶¶Ц⡣
λϵı飬Ī˲һ飬Լ룬Ľ֮ġ
ǸĪѵ߿ܣɾĿܣףĪѻСʹãҪע֣֮Ѿ㽲ˣҲҶ˶ԣ⼸ٴĪѿԼϤһβٿأҶ˻飬Ͳڴ˶යˣǣ
λóһռ䲢Ĵ﷨ĪӣȻɴĽһ£תߣ˿ûﶺ˼
ĪеĴ﷨ŴҴȥλˣȻعͷһ޺ģ֣ĪӸоʮа˾žΪһλ˲Ż뿪ô졣
˵λͥΪɾ磬ǰ֣ΪĪһֻɾڶѣԷǸ죬λɾĸ֣Ҳ˲Էɡ
˴ĪüͷͻȻ΢΢һ£ľΪһͨˣǰ߶һ죬ĪӹԼҲжľ֣˵ôãĪȴоһּ尾УȻЩ̫Ծ
Īת׼ڵ֣һʵðʵһ䣬޺ε
Īӵ仰ԭ׼ڵ֣ϵɫ΢΢һЩı䣬ȻһЦЦݸ˵ĸоȴ͸ղͬ
ĪѹȻôͷˣѲҪᣬҲδԵʩչκֶΣֻ֮֮ҵСͨҲȽر˵ǣʱһܾͻ˾Щʣ֣ЦԴǸ⣬ǳϵĶĪ˵仰˵ֶ֮ĪӲһ䡣
ʶ֮Уһ̫һڵĵӣĪǵһôʱû˵ˣѵľͬһ㰡
ԭˣĪ֣Ļ΢΢˵ͷ֣˵Ļ˼֡
ղ֣˵ʱ򣬵ȷûзֶԷʩչʲôֶΣΪ൱֣ҪʩչֶΣôľ֮УĪӾԲܲ
ĪѣãĿõˣҸ㽲һ£߿ܵһЩҪע֣֮Īӵͷ֮󣬿һĪеĴ﷨ϵЦݲ䣬˵
Է仰Īôһ⣬Ƿ˵ϣʱԷӦø뿪ˣϾѾôãһԼ֣֮Ȼû뿪˼һģ
Էô˵ĪҲûƴǣӴ﷨֮нոյõ߿˳
߿ó֮ĪϸĴһ߿һһССǾ˵ĴСҲΣ÷ǳľ£ʲľʣһַǳӲĽӡ˸ֵķģ˵ĸоǺʹ
ȽϴǾ߿ܣ߶ϰףͨ嶼ľʵģľʵı棬ƺͿĨһĲϣ߿ܱ濴ǳĹ⻬ֽͬʸУǿܼͬӲ


ʮһ 
һλһָ㣬ĪӺܿͷֳԪͷͶǰ߿֮Уʼݵ߿ܣڽǳϻ
ĪڳɾԪ֮󣬾ͷֻԪͷƹԼʱԪͷƿܣоͿԼʱ࣬ûԼô
ԪͷƿܵĸоͺͻȻһİ壬ЩӲҶ⸱ҪµϤһ飬ܹա
ĪѾλˣϤһ߿ܵĲݵԭˣһβݿܵˣȷҪʱӦܽܵ׵ķӳ
һһС߿Ҳǳص㣬СһǾ߿ܣʵȴһĿҪǿһЩ߿ܵĲϷǳļӲֶҲӸʺ߲ٿأֶβͻ
һЩĿܣ֣˵ôһЩֶҲ٣ǱȽ𻵣һս󣬾Ҫȥ޸
λ֣ѣһĵˣҪû̫һĻǾ͸ˣ֣İ£ĪںܿϤ߿ܺвɵ뵽
Īػɣ֮Χʮǳ֣֮⣬ûκһλˣΪ˶ֻܲ뽻ʽ
ֻͨĻĻãƫƫ֣ĵСͨͨҲֻܲľһЩ
Ծ˵Ҳ˽ƽĴǱزٵģû̫Ըһ룬Լ߻ơ
ָ֣ĪϤ߿ܵĲ֮󣬾ûĪڵǳ϶ܿ͸뿪ˣҲǵģòһԽھӣֱϲĻ˵ˡ
֣뿪Ī߿ܣʼµǳϣԼʰһһʱסҪһʱ䣬ܵ΢ʰһ£￴ôġ
ĪӸԼµסһķȻߵǼԼ·ߣСɽһ䣬Щľװ㣬Ͳˡ
Īס֣ܹ֮һţֻһʱңֱӸ뿪ˡ
ǶԷߵʱδı飬Ī֪ǲ߶ΪĪ˵ˣΪ˱⽫Ī˵ߣıſơ
̫ضʼ֣أ̫̫̫֮ݻ֮һĵɽϣĪһж
Īжĵǡ̫̫ͬĴУҲǺ˸дģ̺ĵȴͬǳ̣̫͡ؾ̫ʼȾ䲢С
Īȫȫже΢ԴʱվǳͻȻ֮΢£֮һŨǳ֮ǳ֮ɢһ˲䣬ĪͻȻ֮оԼҰ·ˣһͭˮʱָӵĸо
ô£ͻıʣĪܿͷӦ֪Ӧþǳɵ󷨵֮һ
ţĪӵҰ֮У·ЩǳͻȻ俪ʼ˼ɫͺ񻮷ֳһȻĪԺ֮һԼӦô
ҪˣĪһȻ̰ԼԺ֮еָʾųԼոյõ߿ܣɳµǳǰȥ
Īû뵽սô͸ˣһ巢
ͬҲû뵽ԭǿ֮Уսͳ﷽ʽȻַ
ֱ󷨵ЧÿһǳػˣҰȫһԸȫֵĸ߶ȣȻ󷨵ĲͳһŸս
ַ̫ûڴϵʱЩսʱôܡ
ǣսĲľӣһȺˣһȺˣͨսͲʵҲǵķӣֻǸߴҸսһǳϵ˴￪ʼͺá
Īڷãһڸߴȫ֣һ߿ܣһЩͬǰĿܣһͬʱԼҪԼػǳϣĿǿյʱԼܹһЩת
һһС߿ܣĪӵߴӸߴܹٵĿܴԽһſǳѾǰ
һƬǳտûһǳƯŵʯҲ٣ȫһѵս
ĽһͬѾӳ˹ĪӿɫʸĹӰҲⷽ
Ƭ̹֮ĪӼԦ߿ܻûеƬտսоǰտս֮УսѾˡ
һĹâǿ֮ţɸ棬ĪӴӸߴӵУܹĿǴս֮ϣɸԳطࡣ
ĪϸĿЩط࣬ɢΡɽ˴˳㶦֮ƣһİɫУϵǰѹȥ
һǧɳΧݺᣬˣȴǴһɶϴֺƣ˿ӭȥ
м汦һ⣬ǿ֮дУһ̹ѹƵĸ塣
Щɸֵط࣬ȻĪӿһĻĻвɵЩ̾
ɾ絽ɾ磬һֱĹͼ۳Ϊط࣬Ҫһ
طһɣǶԸʵһ޴ǶԸ֮һֳأƾطܹ࣬һֱ֮øͬʱ֮ͨɷֶΣЧҲΪط
Īһ߿սѾʼսһ߼ԦܣϵĽӽսΪĪڵǳһȽϿһЩλãǰһЩѾսƽսȴһξ롣
ǿ֮еսȻϵʱô࣬սҵĳ̶ȣԲѷɫڴϡ
ĪӸոյսУͿǰһ߿ܣȻ䵹ɶأǾ߾޴ĿڵɻĹУܵؿڴѾȥˣ׸ߵϣҲһ˲Ͳơ
ĪͷһԭʶҪһ߶㿪ģĸ֪ȴĲ׽ǾߵɶصĿܵؿڴһʮ״Сͷ·ڵʯһʯͷȻһ·ĸо
ΪָоĹϵĪӸıԼҪܵͷԼ߿ܣֱӲ˷ӭȥͽϴǾ߿ܽס˵ɶصĿܣСһЩĿܣٶȻӿ죬һȭֱǿʯһʯͷ
ĪӵԭǾ߿ؿڵʯ˲˱仯
ֻǿʯɿشӿܵؿ룬ĪӵһȻһڹ⸲ʯı棬ʯ֮Уٵһ˫֣Ȼһͷ­Ҳ˳ϰ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭͺһʯһʯͷȻ˰
ҲֻϰԷ°ûг֣ͺǶʯ֮С


ʮ ս壨ϣ
飿
ǰӣĪӱһĨ֮ɫ
ǿ֮Уǿ֮Ķ֣ĪӵȻܲȥ˽⣬Զ࣬Īǿؽܵģֻļ壬ǰ⻹ǵһ
ν飬Ǵǳ֮е壬ϡٵ˵ǳ֮е飬ѾȽ϶ˡ
Ⲣ˵ǳ֮к׵飬ռǿյƣȻһЩܹǳ֮е㻯飬Ȼ˵ɹʲǺܸߣϡٵ˵ҲһѪҺķ
Īһߴǰ壬ͬʱһԪͷٿ߿ܣѾԥĳȥ
ͽС߿ܳǰ˿ܱЩģĪӲſǰĹ֮УЩеһ˹âĪǰٶȱøˡ
ͽϴǾ߿ܣʱҲ˦˱һ߿ܣһ˹
λ˲ٿصĿҲȽϵùֻһ㣬ղһ棬ٿſܵԪͷȴײɢˣʱʧȥж
λ˻һ߿ܣӦҲǳѸ٣ĪӷͬʱԷҲʣµǾ߿Ƶ˲棬ԥķ˽
ǰ飬ۼʵ˵ʵҲֻɾʵѣɾĿܵĽȴǲŲæ
Īӽ嵽ǰǰʱͻȻֶԷϣ˷ǳŨǳ֮һţǳ֮ǳĿ񱩡
һ̣ǳ֮֮е飬ͻȻ֮ͺһǣ˷Īӳٶȿ硣
ĪӿԼԦ߿ܳ飬û˿⣬彻սô꣬ʲôȻҲ˽ıȽ
Ϊǳе飬ܹһ̶ϲʯǳҶǳ֮мǿʹЩĪ֮Ϻȫ˽ģǰֻΪǵĹʽҲõļ򵥴ֱòַʽЧ
Īݵ߿ܵ棬ķһ˲߿ܵϣֽ·һ˲Īֱֻ̧ۣܵ˫һ˲Ѽ̣һ̣ǣͺĪӲݵĿײһ
񱩵һ˲кĪԦ߿ϣĪЩ޷ȶסԼԦĿܣķ˳ȥͬʱУһҲݵϣͼҪɢĪӲٿſܵԪͷ
ܹھ߿֮ܵʣݵĪӵԪͷȥѾ޷Ī̫Ӱ죬ĪԪĸȹƣʱ˳
Ŵݵ֮ϵĪ߿ܵ˫֣ʵҲͬ˿񱩵ǳ֮УֱӴ壬ĪϵһķУһҲĪӵ߿ܱ棬ʵġ
ڿܵ˫ֻΪ̣ͬʱǰʼԽԽСĪһͽϴĿܣλ˼ԦĿܣʱҲѸٵĸܵĹѾ֣ԥ˱ǳ֮ŵ顣
ܵĹ£Ŀܶɵ˺ǰŵǳ֮һ֮¾ͱƿˡ
ɫǳ֮ڱƿ˲䣬ֿ񱩵Ľһ㣬Χ߿ܳһξ룬ͬʱѾ˵󣬺ԥĪӲݵǸͽϴĿܳȥڶԷ֪֮УͱȽϴĿܣ˵һӣڱȽϺ֡
ͱ˵ղǸͬ˵Ŀܣֻһγ֮£͸ɴĽˡ
ȻһΣȻЩˣ嵽Īݵľ޴ǰûü嵽ͻȻ֣ǰͱȽϴĿܣӦȻǳѸ١
ֻͽϴĿͻȻɫĹâܵУһ߿ܻҪľܡ
ľܵ״Щ죬Ƶı΢΢ĻȣǻȾȻڵģǰȥ֣Ķƣǲйġ
ֳľܣĪݵͽϴĿܣ˫Ȼ̤֮ͷ·޵ǿڲʵһ㣬Ȼǰһ壬翪բޣһֺݡ
˫ľԭͲԶٶֶǳ죬ͻȻһ£ͽϴܵ飬̾ͺͽϴĿײһ
ͽϴĿǳǿɼˣײ֮ʱɱײĵ˻ȥûеɻȥԶ޴Ŀ˫ǿ֮Уͷ·ǲƽϣȻɶأȴûκεб
ͽϴĿƣ˿Ѿ˱仯ԭ濴·ǰݽȥĶƣʱѾһԲ򣬲ھҵţƺĶʱ
ʣγɵĴԲڣסľ顣
鱻ĴԲ֮ڣĪȫҵͽϴĿܣӿܵ˫֮䣬ӳһһԲı档
ĪӸոһ߿ѾԲĸǰλ֪˲ٿصĿжǳĹڵԲǰ֮󣬶Էû˿ԥٿصǾ߿ܣзĶˣܵ˫ۺһֱ۾ͺŤ黨һ㣬Ťһεĳ룬ԥĴǰĴԲ֮С
ԷӣĪҲѧͬ˫ۺһ𣬽ֱŤһ룬ǰԲ֮С
ֱܵ仯֣֮ǰ߹ĪӣͽСĿܣԸʱǿɱֶˣ˫ۺһɵ룬Ƽ򵥵ĹʵѾ߿еķģԸûз֮壬ŵնɱļʡ
ĪӺ˵Ŀͬʱһ֮ǸԲƵʱøǿˣԲıҲһƣƺϾҪһ㣬ͽϴǾ߿ܵѹ£ȴӲάס״̬
ֱƬʱ֮ԲĲֹͣˣĪӲͽϴĿܣЩһջأȻľܱԭӣ¶Ǹ顣
ǳĿϲľܱ仯ԭ֮ѾˣֻһǺ˺񣬵ѾƵȭͷСľ壬Ѿʯм
𣿡Īӿǰ鲼Ƶľ壬Щţĵһν֣ôɸɴĸɵһ顣
˵鲢ǺǿһԻһλ˲ٿصĿܸܸɵ飬ɾôɵĸɵһ壬ĪӸоЩš
ĵ伮֮еȻϡ٣ǸʵԼĸ壬ͬҲӵвսĪӶ˺úӦս׼ˣոյս͸ɵһ壬оƺҲûôǿ


ʮ ս壨£
ǰ鲼Ƶľ壬ĺǺ˺񣬲ȴȫͬУһֵŻµĺģڲӦжԷĴռ䣬壬֮󲢲Ķ
塢塢岻ͬˣһЩǳɽľǺĲ֮ͬڣųǣȻ̥ǳɽľЩǵı塣
Ǹǳɽľľ飬ԺЩǳ׽ӵƿǵǱ˵ġ
ͱ˵һɽɽ飬һɽ忪ǣɵɽűϵ
ں߶ԣɽı壬֮󣬼ΪٸߣҲʼոı䲻һ㣬һˣҲ±ر塣
ɽ˵ӵвɽƿشصıȴɽɽľ飬ȵʱɢعأôСĸʣܻһĺġ
ĪӲṵ̂ĺǿһԼԣλٿصĿܡ
Էʵԣֻǵһ¿⧲Щ⣬ŻһӾͱϵһ߿ܣԼ֮󣬶Է̷Ӧһ԰ţһͬɵ顣
ǰĺģǻõΨһսƷˣĪҲ뽫̣սϣҪԷͨһȻٽȵս
ĪӸҪʱλ֪ˣȴһˡ
лѰģս֮ΪսƷɣԷʵһ㣬ղҲûʲôɱӦûʲôöѻ벻Ҫ⣡
λ˵ĴĪӵĶУĪ̻صˣұȽսټڲ֮ս֮ϣҵȽΪ壬ӦõģսƷȴһ£ȵսѹսƷ
ĪӵĴλ֪˿ٵĻصˣսأĽսնɱߵսƷžǣ˴ս֮Уұ㲻͵Ѷˣ
ԷĻһ䣬ɲŽʣһߵĿܣŸǰȥ
ԷûֱӾͿ뿪ˣĪӾ֪սƷԷĲҪ
ҪǻԼǽҲһģȻǿ֮УҶԪͷſսĪӰԷһѣƲʲô֮ʩԮ֣Ͼǰæˣһ飬˱˵İͱҪսƷˡ
ս֮УĪҲǽˣȻԷҪҲûԼͽȵȥ֮ٿûʲôö
ٵĽǰƵĺĪҲ߿ܣǰ֮н
ĪڵӽǣиߴӵӽǣҲֻܴŵĿս򽻽֮սıȽϳƬȽϿտ򣬿ֻвֵĵطսȽϼңһţɾǿߵطҲ¶ŸԵ͡
ĪЩԦĿܣʵ࣬ĪӼǰʱ򣬿ߵսԼһξ룬ԭĪӻȥæǵÿһս֮ܶռϵƣûȥ֡
ստʼǰԺ֮յսָʾĪڵһƬ򣬼ԦſܵɣҪܳ嵽ڵڣƣ屾Ͳ֣ܵķɢһЩ
ǰԦſܵɣĪһ·ȥܿͽӽĵشڵ֮ĪۿĵһĻʮͽϴĿܵĲк
ţĪӵǰһƬŻ꣬Ƭǿ֮Уͬһ˹
ĪǰЩٿصĿܣһƺĳӰ죬ʱȻܣȫЩŻУͽϴĿܣͱˡ
һĻĪӿٵԲܣͬʱϴĿٴγľܻǰ
һ̣Щк꣬˼߿֮󣬽н·ߣȻɢԭܿ˵߿ܣ뵽ķΧ֮С
Ƭֱ仯ĪͽСǾ߿˲ǰӭǣͺݺݵĻӳһȭ
ĪһȭȼŻϣûκģһȭͽҳƬǽһ룬ЩŻǣȴͻȻ˱仯һȻΣԭֻһţڲվֱһ㡣
ǣ߳ôȼŻ棬ͬʱӲ壬Īвɵһܿ죬Īӱ㷴Ӧ˹Щȼ壬ʵ飬ϲûϢЩֻĳͨЧ
ЩȼŻ壬ÿһʵ̫ǿֻ൱ڴѣһһԴ򲻹κһĸ֣ڵǣԷŪЩ壬ʵЩˣгǧ֮
ĪӵıܹӳԼȫʵĪܹЩ壬޷ǹ΢鷳һЩɵƾ߿ܣĪӷӲȫʵֶҲ޷ʩչƺڵûа취
տǿ֮УΪЩĳ֣ĪӵΧѾȫһƬЩĳ֣ȼŵĻ棬ҲԽǡ
ЩʵһĻ壬ƾƣڿʼ֮ɵҲǲС
ֻϵĻǣƬĻ˴ΪһƬĪΧƬȫˡ
ЩȵĻ棬ҲͨĻ棬дһܹӰ쵽ԪͷսôãϤսʽҲͬǳϤ˸ֵİ취ÿܴĵĴ򷨡
һƬ֮УĪٿص߿ܣͽϴǾߣо޴Ķƣ߿ܵпٵ趯ţֱöƽΧһҵķѣͬʱͽСǾܣϵķҲȫΧ󣬽һŻ顣
߿ϣĪƬ֮УȻӲĸԼٳһƬȫ
ĪѾ׵ףΪʲôͥҪһһС߿ܣһΪɾԪǿȣȻֳܹܶԪͷԦܣûΪ棬ܹɾˣٿصĵӦ֡
ڶԭ򣬾һһС߿ܣ˴֮Ļϣرһ˲ݵ£ֻܹ֮ԵŵŴȱֲ
ĪѾԼˣΧĻĹ£Ǹо˳ҪǣĪӸоһϢѾԼ߿ܡ
ϢĪӵѹ󣬾Բɾ壬ҲӦɾ磬ܾܿʩչֶͨΣٻǰЩĸ֡


ʮ 
Ľ紦ĵһսֱʧ߿ܰɣĪӸӦԼԼǹϢһ߲ϵĽΧЩ壬ͬʱ
߿ܵʧʵ㲻ʲôֻҪǹ𻵻ʧģͥĸֶº¸裬ɾĿܣô׵ģ̬ͥȣϣܵļһЩʧ
Ī߿֮Уոնɱ飬õĺģʱ߿ʧˣݸոջõսƷҲ϶
ò˵˺սһַǳЧսЩܣʵˣǰЩ壬Ҳͬˡ
Īӵܹʩչһ򵥵ĲľԱܹڵľ棬ֻԪͷԦߵ߿ܣȴֻܷӿܱʵȫЩƣӦ
ӦЩĹ֮УĪӸоԼǵϢƺѾˣʱܻԼ
һ֮ĪͻȻһ߿ܻţĪӿʼŲλãǼǰǿʼٿ߿ܣӪķƶ
ĪλÿʼƣǵϢĪӵѹ˲ִһ֣ƺԷʱ̲ס֡
ӦԷѹӴĪû˿η壬ЩڴԷþ֡
ΧЩİΧУĪӸоԼЩϵĻ棬ܹ˻ЧĪڲϽЩĹ֮УǿӴϵĻ档
ȻпܵıĪԪȹ̣ݵĽӴĪ˵û̫Ӱ죬ǻٳɶ֮£ĪѾоԼԪͷƺڱһĥȥȵһ֮߿еԪͷջǻŲסġ
䱻Щôһĥ类һɾɵҲ׳һЩ
⣬ĪҲźɾĸֽһ֣ɾɾ֮䣬״ŶĲ࣬ͬʱҲ֣ʵǿʲô̶ȡ
ĪӲƵĹУǿ֮һЩ˼ԦĿܣҲע⵽Щγɵ壬ʼæЩγɵ塣
ĸ֣ƺҲע⵽ߵĪӵԺ֮УĸַĳλɣһЩ塣
ĪӸոŴӲԶһŰɫžͷɿ˹ڽӽЩʱŰɫ˲䱬һŴ̹ǵĺΧһƬǿոǡ
ЩȼŻĻ壬Ƭİ֮УԭϸǵĻ棬̱ѹȥеһЩ壬ʱͱ˱顣
ĪͬƬ֮У߿ܣͽϴǾߣҲǱĶܹʹĺ䣬Īͽϴ߿̸ܱһ㺮ͬʱڲԪͷ⧲Ƚ֮£֧Ųסɢˡ
⣬㲻ǱˣĪӲͽСǾ߿ܣķתţѾʧȥжĽϴĿܣЩ뵽
֧˺ð죬ڵĸֳ֣Էû֣ԼȴͻȻæָһ£ЩϷˡ
ĪҲûü룬Ϊźֵһ̣Ұ֮УһƬѪɫĻˣƬ֮ϯ⴦ط
ĪҴͽСĿܣǳϵľͶһѾʧȥжĿܵ£߿ܵƣסʣµ߿ܣƬ֮УʧȥжĿܣվҲҪƬ˵ġ
ϯٶȷǳ֮죬ĪӾԼʣµ߿ܣеԪͷҲҪʧʱΧ¶ڽһЩͬʱĪӵĲԶһȶǿϢΧɢ
ǸλãĪӿˣһֱϢԼ߿ܵӡ
ԷͨѪɫһѪɫĹӰϰεòͷ°һȼŵĻ棬ͬʱУһѻĳ
Ī߸ոע⵽ԷͬתԷ˫ۿĪʣµ߿ܵʱĪֻöԷޱȵĳȣԼ߿ܵԪͷһҪȼĴ
߿ܣǰԥеĳһѪɫĻɵļʸĪʶҪܵĪӣ˲͸оԼεסˣûа취㿪һ
Ѫɫļʸ֮вϵķŴĪӲ߿ܵԪͷҲͬɢˡ

Īػǿǳϣĺһѹеһ˿Ҫ嵽սϵĳ嶯
Լ߿ܶʰʱĪͻȻһֱУ߿ܵȷǳڿ֮ܵ£ԼӲʵԸоţһҪսĳ嶯
ȻⲢΪսΪֱУȻȻһָо
ԼԦ߿ܣȫʧˣĪҲûʲô취ֻøߴӽǣ۲սҪһ֮ĪӶսҲ۲øϸˡ
ͨߴӽǣĪӿԼ߿ʧĵطȴǸλãһŻһţһ档
ʣŻλɾ֣ǸղλԻطࡣ
Լɨս֣Īӷ֣սλڲϵһƽͱ˵ԼղڵλãѾĽӽ
ʱҲʱӦüӴ󷴻ˣ彫սԽԽܲ
ΪֹǿнսΣʱ䣬ͷνɻÿһζ޹ûռʲô̫ıˣĪӲΪһΣܹȡʲôս
ĪôŵʱһһǿϢڶͬʱǿ֮УȻһƬƬǿնˡ
ڴƬİ֮УһӴӰĴ֮г֣Ӱף˱ۣ֮Ӵ󲻿ɹ֮ԱȣԵЩǳҲӴ֮ԵС
Ӱĳ֣ĪӸоƬǿ֮Уǳ֮ÿǹ֮ŶԷӴһеľ˵
ǿߣĪͷһͬʱҲжϳ˶ԷΪ
ȻͻȻֵɢǹƣΪ֮ǶԷϢڽɾ磬ûдﵽߵĳ̶ȣֻλǿߣȫſԼԲŻơ
ޱӴľ촽΢΢ſ³һ֡
䣡
һ׹޷ǿ֮УҲĴ˺ԶԶΧ嶼
ĪӸоԼܹľ󣬿ʼҵĶͬʱͬһҲ뵽ĪӵĶУԪ·ڲ


ʮ ɽ
ðԵ֮
Ժ֮һ֮󣬹˼ʱ䣬ĪӲһԼɵӰ죬ͬʱ뵽
ԷһĪӴԭȫֵӽˣĪھֻվǳϣƾ˫ȥ
ڴӸߴӵĽǶȣƾԼ˫ۿľƺһЩԷӴ󵽲ɹƵ׵磬ƺΧǿնһƬ󣬾֮֮ƺΪԷĹϵʼûԾ
ĪĿʱȴǰһССӰֻ˵ĴСȣͷ·ǳ볾֮Ĳࡣ
Ӱվûκܹӣ߿ҲԻע⵽һӰ
Ī֪ССӰһĽǿߣȻͶԱϣûôľ壬ɢϢȴ˿ȶԷ
ɲ֮䣬Īǰһ׹⣬ţĪӷ֣İֱֻۣеֻȻȻѾӻλվĵط
ûеĪӿ壬ǰܹľ󣬾ѾһŴ۵׹⣬âƬǿնˣͬʱĪӸоΧĿռƺݺݵһ£УһǿնڻζĴ
ǰ׹ϨĪ˫˸ɫĹâٴοǸλã̾Ϳһ
λСǳһɣѾԳԼط࣬ط࣬һѺǿյĳѳƺֻаأһѲнɢ޵ɱȴĪӸоһΣա
λİֱֻۣеֻڻջأʣֱֻϣʱѾɱֱһƿһһӡһһһȡ
ɱÿһɢһ֮ĵϡ
λճֻջصʱŴֻ֣Ѿǰһݺݵ¡
ƴش֮ʱȻֱӻһ׹⣬Ѹײڶٶ¡
ͬʱűƿֻ֣΢΢һƿƿڶ׼λɣˮһеıƿ㵹ͬǰɹȥ
λĹǰҲͬ˿ʾгһѲнطһģһ｣ӻ֮䣬һɭ׵ĽнĽ淢
һһǰƾ򷨵Ľ⣬Ƭǿնһ˲ȻʧɫеĹâƺȥˣǵͷµµشһ֮£ûռ˿ıˣֱӱɭ׵Ľƿ
գһǰĽǰŵĳһնƣͬʱĳλɵͷն¡
ĪӴʱǿŹս˫۴ʹλĽɣڳͷ֮ʱȻɿеĲнòнһ׹û뱳ط֮С
нûԷط֮еһɲǣɱط࣬ͺͻȻһʵľ޽һ㣬֮ϣһĨƬǿ֮еˣĶһɺ⡣
еĳ£Ѿ޴ĲнײһһƬҫ۵׹ٴڶ𣬵һ˲Ƭҫ۵׹⣬ͱһƬ˸еĺĽȡ
ٵ޴Ľǿ֮ݺᣬΧǰ񣬷ǻһ㣬ԷΧУŻ
赲ĪӺɣһ޴Ľ̾ͻ䵽ԷϣӴ󵽲ɹ˺顣
еӡ״ɱʱУϲɢһΧת赲һгֻ֣һסʣµǼɱȣ߸ߵľ޾׹֮ϣһ۵ɱȵΧռ䶼ʼŤϸ΢ơ
λĽɣнط࣬ʱٴһĨ⣬âһ𣬲н΢һ£һնаĽ⣬Ѳнɢ˲ɢΧǿ֮С
Ƭǿգһ̣ƺ˹ɢ˺ѳһģһնа
ĪĿ⿴ǰѲн֮Уȴ·壬ڱ¾ĳ棬Ƶ嵹Ѫ֮УѪȾ˴أ͸ɽӣʬѻɽҽȵһȴ޷͸ͷơ
ĳ棬Ī˲ȼһŭҪЩɱ¾ȫնɱҪƬȾѪĴظҪƿͷŨƣΪӭһĨ⡣
ĪͬʱһĨţͷ·ĪеŭͲͬһĨ֮ϣ⣬Щ¾һնɱ͸ѪĴһնƣͷŨҲͬʱƿ
һĨ⣬·һϣ֮⣬žĽ޾Ĺâ䵽档
̫ͨһаʽ
Īһнͨ÷дĺʩչǺ浱ʱʩչ̫һаʽǰλʩչģֱ֮ر
˵һʽ̫һĽͨɱ¾֮ͬҲϣ֮Īļʶˡ
һаĺ죬ƿ⣬ӭϣ޾ϲãĪӼôԶҲͬܵӰ졣
ǿһɵĽͬҲûĪʧ
Ӵؿڴλɵط࣬Ѿؿڴ룬ǿһƿ˺ɫףͬƿһֱӴţִ޾ɱ¾ϣĽ⣬Ű
ͷһ۲ؿڴĲнһ׹⣬˲Ѿ޴н룬˿һЩĵط
ѲнؿڴĽˣҲûϣͬǿµˣҪ޷ĥԷ֮ĵ⣬Ƹ޷ϡ
룬λĽȴûκҪŹ˼ںɱľ޴нȻ֮һƬѪɫɱƬǿշ·һ˲ˣҲѾ˴˵һӸܵһɸǿѹ
ѪɫĲнĽϣ·ѪҺһ㣬ڽеĻջ䵽˲нĽ⣬ȻһѪҺۣĴӽϵ
ѪҺһ̣ɱⱬǰѲнͷ·ɱһƬʬɽȴ׽ڽ֮ɥڴ˿̣¶ԼķâѪ
ͨн
ѪɫĽ֮бһƬֽϣһʺһ㣬һ˴ĿģС
еıǰ޾ɱĿֲһ
ֲһ֮£񣬴˿һ׹⣬ӴȻΧ׵ɢʧӰˣƾֲһǿ֮ɨȴƺû˵Է
̶̵֮һǿ֮г֣ĪӿԷĸһѪɫ˺ۣԴۣ


ʮ ǷԿ
̫һڵĽɣȻ˵ԷˣĪӿ񸹲˺ۣһ˲һĨȡ
ĪӿӰ׵ΧɢʱĪԭΪԷܹƾֶΣɵһɽǽΪΣһȻ˵˶Է
֮ڶԷֵ쾡£֮ͬ£оͺѹ򣬴սʼڣϣѾˣˣַǳ鷳ĵˣ׵Ҫĥ𣬼һܵ顣
ٴγֶ֣һ˺۵λ˿ûҪֵͣ˼޴Ĳн֮ٴγһɭ׵ĺâһһǰ⾳ɢ˳
һ̣ĪӸоλĽǿ߶еĽĿĲݵĽ⡣
̫һڵĽޣ׷ǽͬҲǴϣÿ˶ԼеĽ⣬Ӷ˶еĽͱ˵棬еĽҲ棬ûзâǴӶԷĽ⣬ĪӾ֪һâˣסâҲֻΪڱҪʱչ¶
񣬴˿ҲٴθܵΣ˲ϵƣİֱֻۣһȫ
ɱֱۣͬʱƶɱڿճֻ֣ǰһŹֵӡ
ʼ֮ɱͬʱܣȷǷͬСɣĪֻ˫һʹǰԾ׹⣬ǿ֮ųǰδеҫ۹âԾĸоûҲ뵽һƬӡ
ĪܹоԼߣƺҲһЩϸС׵磬ԼƤһ΢΢ĹС
ĪӸе𺳵ģڤڤ֮еĸı䣬׹һ˲䣬ƬǿΧ֮з·֮⣬еĵѹˣĪˮľ֮һҲܵһѹƣĪӸеһָС
ɾǿߣȫ֮£ȻܹӰ쵽֮ȻĪ˫⣬еһ˿ʹͬʱƬ۵׹⣬Ҫڽսĳ档
һƬҫ۵Ĺâ֮УĪԼԿһѾ޴Ĳнһ׳ײһУ׳еɱģԷе۵һγ׳ͬʱɢŴ۱˵
ײ֮ռѾϱˣ޾׹ͷĽͬʱռ֮ͬʱ֮ľ룬˴ҲԽԽӽ
ĪӿһĻУĲֻһμ򵥵Ľ棬λһεײڽֵĽɣǸĵһֱӵĽ棬ûκһ˿ȡɵͼС
ֱӵĽ棬ڽɾǿ֮УֵĴ̫ܶ࣬ΪǻƴҪֳһִ򷨣Ǹ˵;棬ֳ˸£ǾǼֳ
·һҲδڵ;ϣҲƾյĶĿ֮𣬾ǲݵĴ
һνʱ䣬ɲ֮䣬âɢһ̣ĪӲſĻ档
񣬺Ľɣ˶վڿռѷ֮ƾռѷҲ޷˷ֺ
ͬʱڵ״̬ȴǵתģλĽɾǿߣİӣѾΪ˷ɻңȴϣһĨۡ
Կ𣿡Īֻʣ˰ӵɣһһεĽ棬Ȼλɿ˸һЩܿ죬ĪָıԼĿΪĿ䵽ϵʱȴݣӳֵڣһ¶һޱȷŭı顣
ע⵽ϵķŭ֮ĪĿתλɣȴֻʣ°ӵʱȻɫϢȴȽƽ͡
Ī̱֪һν֮УԿĿȻ
ʱϵķŭѾתµжΧЩʱͻȻ˸ɫһɫͬǿ֮̿Īһ۾ϳеļֵ֣ʱļ
ɫǿ֮֮̿ɢƣ͸ղż˱ϵĲͬһղŷĹ
ʱλǿߣط࣬ȴȻ佫һŽ⣬ֱſռѷ֮гȥ
ɫ˿֮ſռѷ֮жȥҪĽס
Ľɣԭʹڿռѷ֮ǰҪռѷٶ֮죬λᱻ׵ס
ȻʱĪӸоΧǿ֮У޴ڵǳ֮һ̲һЩǴռѷ죬ǳ֮ͬʱͺȻ֮俪ʼС˲޲ϡ
ռѷ˲޲ϣĽɸ֣ҪռѷѸ뷨ȻҲˡ
Ȼһǿ˵ȫҪռѷ죬ܹ׵Ĵһռʱ״̬ҲǺܺãԼһռѷĻֻǱһ£Ĺ֮С
ռѷ޲ȽͻȻȻ˰гˣĺŭһҪǰɵʱɵϣͻȻͳһ⣬һöɫĵǮģεĻУɫȫɫĵǮмĿ׶ڡ
ǿ֮Уһռѷ򿪣ɫɢ֮һӰӿռѷ컺߳վλɵԡ
һλɾǿߣʵܲϯӦͻȻ֣Īа
Īûв´ĻǰλпܾͥǮλ֣ϾղλĽϵķֶΣʵ̫صˣĽɸֻ֣ô࣬صֶΣ̫ܳ˵ϡ
λĸֳ֮󣬶ϵķŭ֮ɫøˣϵİֱֻۻţƺҪٴη
Ĺȴûܹ֣ΪߵЩԵò۵ǳ˿ȴͻȻɢ˹âȻһŨǳ֮һ𣬽˲ʹŶԷʧˡ
ʧ֮Ũǳ֮ǿ֮˺һռ䣬гһһâ
һһâڳ֮ϵĹâ㿪ʼ¶˹â֮ӰĿ
ɫǵâУһǧңһνܣ˫壬ɫǵâһŮӣòҲעǣλŮӵϰΧƯһȦɫı飬һʮţɢһŨˮ֮ϡ
ŮΧƯߵʮű飬ĪĿͻȻ΢΢һ
ʮ̺ˮ֮ɱǺö


ʮ 
ΧƯŵʮɫı飬ĪӶʱһ˿ȣʮɫı飬ʮ̺ˮ֮ɱÿһƷͣĪӵֻʱӵУĪӶܻټĺôܹԼԪ«еٵݻü
֮࣬ĪͬҲǳǣ֪ʮɫı飬ĿǰԼ˵Ҳֻһ£
Щɣҵķ񰡣ĪаԸ̾һ䣬ǰոճֵɣһϣʮɱټϸղŵҲɱļҵף̫ˡ
Ҫ֪֮У֮⣬ˣһɱһЩȽ׾һЩˣǵѹûɱ
λǿ֮УŶλĸ֣֮ôͷ·˴ڽʲô
˺ð֮ߵɾǿߣ˴ɢѹͻȻ䶼ʼͣȻתܿʧǿ֮С
ˣһĻĪ֪һսѾˣսķչĪЩûס
ԭռϷλɣںƴһʱƷǱȽأƱȽصȴƺռ˱˵һһƴиûʲô˵ȴԵޱȵķŭ
Էڷŭ֮չֳһιʵ֮ǰǿ˺ܶ࣬ԭѹĽɾǿ߶ѡ˳ˡ
ĪڻûףֳʵλǰʱˣӦ˵ģӦλɲŶ԰ɣ
֮ŭ񣬱ĸִߣһϵзչ˫и֧ԮȻǿ֮лţսⳡս
ԼĽμӵĵһսô򵥵ĽˣĪӸоԼûзӶãȻǿƵսһɾˣƺȷûʲôӵء
Լ˰ʱ֮ĪӻڻԼһսĵʧܵܽһεջʱݹ䵽ĪڵǳȻ֮ǰλˡ
ڼĪ֮һ˱ĪӿڵĪѣսҶǰѯһ£ڴսУԦĿܿ𣿡
λ˵ĻĪ¶һЦȻԴһЩԳ˵Ϊ΢ʵ㣬Ԧ޿ܣȫڴս֮ʧˣ
˵仰ʱĪעλ˵ı飬λ˱鲢ûзκεı仯ֻǻһۺһλ˿ʵȻ߿ܶʧˣĪѼ˵һµʱ߿ܣǻΪѲµģ
ɾĿܣȻﱾƷΪףʧˣҲҪ֪ԭ
Īԣĵ˵ͷȻͽʱ򵥵һ¡
ĪǼԦſܣ嵽ǰű£߿ʧ˵ģλֱӶ˵ȡµĿܽĪӣ֮ǰĪ
ĪѲصģʧ߿ܣ߿ʧҲֵãս֮ʱĪҲⷽĹ˼ɣս֮ʧĿܶǻģ
ĪԷ΢΢˵ͷȻĿλ뿪
ȵλ뿪֮󣬴Լ˼ʱʱ䣬Īڵǳϣٴһݹ⡣
ݹ⣬Ī֪̾һʱʱ䣬ԼͲҪ徲һˡ
Īӵ֣֣һĪ֮Ϳʼϲ
Īѣĵһս֪ĪѸоΣλ˵Īѵһβս߿ȫʧˣ²ҪĪΪս߿ʧˣҲûʲô⣬ҸʱҲʧһ߿ܣȵϰ˾ͺˣĪ
ϲ֣Ī֪ҪԼ죬˵һЩԼ֪ĻĻôһʱʱ䣬ԷͲͣģĪӸæ
ܵ飬ͥλѾµģ֣Ѳùˣһ飬һ֣ѣ֪ĻΪҽ󣡡
Īڴ֣̰֮ɽ֮ʱԼû׵˳
Īӵʻ֣¶һЦݣĪӵʱдһַ·ҵͬ˵顣
Ī֪ģ֮ǰһѽһĪߣѵһˣ֮ǰȥλôõһЩϢ֪Ĵ𰸡
˵֣΢΢ͣһ£Īһģ
⼸֮䣬ѾսΣھ֮ڣȡһЩϲս֮⣬ǿ֮Уûռıˡ
Ȼÿһ彻սȻ޹գÿһζʵʵĽս˴˶ϣܹȡһЩսһεһս壬ԶˣһЩĻ
֣仰ĪԺ֮ƺץʲôȴûͨϾ֮ϵʱ仹ǽ϶̣˵Ѿ֮ϵ˺ܶ˽⣬вٵ飬ĪӲûнӴ
Ľɾǿ֮У֮һλǵõ˺ܾǰһ󣬲ųɾͽɵģλɣΪƣǵΪȴие͡
ΪȽϸߵλڼ֮ǰ̲ͥǰսһһս֮󣬶ԷȻ򣬿ʼչˣ
Ϊϵ͵λɣʵǽɾڣǳսϵλ׼ȷ˵ԭӦóսϵλ
֣Ļ˵ĪѾԼһ𰸡
֣Īӵı飬Ҳ֪ĪӲµʲô
ĪѾˣԭսϵģӦʵڽɾڵλɣʵϳֵģȴڱչصλ
ڱչصλɣαװʵλԭļƻӦʾȻֻᣬһɱһնɱһλɾǿߡ
˵֣¶һĨЦݣ˵
̴ĺܺãǰȴµҪʲôǾͽƾͼƣһλǿߣʽҲܼ򵥣ڹؼʱ̣ĵ;У谭Էĵ;岻ڲԶĽһλߣ
֣ĽͣĪûͨ⣬ڵõ˴𰸣Ŀ͵֮նɱһλɣĿģǰһλĴܣ°ȥƺ弼һ
ܿ죬Īʶһ⣬λɣĵ֮У϶ƾԼʵȥģĵ֮У˵ĵĵ;˵һĪӰ죬Էλͬġ
ת֮䣬ĪӾ⣬λ̫һڵĽɣĽУ⾳ȫӰ졣
ΪһΪ壬ΪĽǳϣ¶ԷˣССĽһ㡣
뵽ⷬƣĪҲֻа̾һ֣


ʮ 
ĪӺ֣һһʱҵʱ䣬ڼ󲿷ֵʱ򣬶֣ϲ˵ţĪΪһߣܵ棬ұ̬ƽ͵š
ʵ˵ģĪӸо֣ˣ˻ص֮⣬ȷһĳˣһʺϽѵˣ˵һܵˡ
ߵĵָ˼ڿǧ£ϴǦ֮󣬵ͨ͸ӶָһݵȻľЩڳ֮ģȴ΢Щͬ
ĸоǣе˼ˣնҲ֪ȴȻԸⱣһݵԼĿģԼĳҪǿˣ̫ӰıԼ¾ˡ
˽ѣֻҪܹССȱ㣬ͻֶᷢԷϵ㣬ͱ˵뵽̶ֳȵˣΧԼ֮⣬һλھӣʮǳľ룬֣ȥԷɲߡ
ĪӲ²⣬֣ĵСͨܲǶԱӰ죬ӦöӰ󣬵¶клģܹĵδҲһֶԵĵĴ
ѪĺĽĪӵġѪ¼УЩֻ֮УûɵУʵв룬ܹȱݵķӣĵİ취
֣뿪֮ĪӸоԼ״̬ܺãû˿ķҵĸоע⵽֣ϵ㣬һ֮󣬻˲õϢ
֣ȻЩ룬˵ĻʵҲû̫ķϻϲõĶ˸ϸϸĽƺһ
Īĵһս򵥵ĽˣεսĪʶ֮ϣ֮ĽսʽѾڴϵʱȫͬˡ
ϵƣƺһرͻƣϵƣҪơ
͹ɾɾĲ֮࣬ͺֲһɾˣҪһѾ۳طɾˣͨɱ򼸺Ǿ޿ܡ
ɾɾ磬֮Ĳ࣬ǸӵĿֲɾǿ֮ĽսĪӸоһع棬һֲ࣬ͨɱҪֲĲ࣬Ҳǳѡ
ΪǿһЩЩߣ֮սǿ߶һܹ֡
ΪĲԽԽһƾͱ֮ˣ˾ƣʵҲôԵģϾҪԵģֻ壬Ҫ塣
ͥж٣ĪӴ֪ˣټˣĪӹҲʮӣֵûУδ֪֮
壬˵ϣܿܲռƣŻְ취˵ܡ֮ģ˵ʧ
ֵóƵĵط֮⣬ǻۣȻʵ˼ĴԣǴڶԵģѹλô졣
岻ҪˣҪЩ֮Уܹӿֳĸ֣ǽɾϵǿߣܹʵĸ֡
ʵĪ뵽ɵа̾һףһе⻹ҪصʵϣǶ׷ͬҲǶĻ
ٳһλ컯棬ôԶ׼̾ܿһƬƽľǰתۼͻΪĵ̡
˴ĪҲûм룬ҲûʲôãԼǺúõʱ䣬ܶһЩԼΪܹһԼҪġ
ȵպԼΪˣսĪҲܹӸô
һսոսĿǰӦ߸ռƣһǿ˵Ĵۣʱ谭һпܳΪߵֵĵ;Ӧǻİɡ
һս֮ڶʱ֮ڣһܲˣߣһЩĿԣĪӾֿҲ̫ΪЩߣæΪԳ컯׼Ŀǰ̨ϣֻһǳ֮ϳǰ棬ĻһĴߣ֮á
ûǣƣߵĴߣԸʱ֣ЩĴ
ʱڲܲнսĪӾȥΧȥĽãûṳ̈ԼµǳΧһҲϤȻҪһЩ˽ΧʶˣͬҲǷǳбҪġ
Ҳȵ֣ѹʱ򣬿ܷϤһ¡Ī뵽һϤ˴ԼԼһ£ԻԼ˽Լ֪֣ԸҲܾ顣
֮ĪӾͿʼϤԼյֵ߿ܣϺ֮ǰû̫𣬾ǿƵ˲ͬϸ΢֮һЩС죬΢Ϥһ¾ͺá
ϤµĿ֮ĪӾͿʼԼһսջ
Īһսջ񲢲̫󣬲ٻһЩģȾǼԦսδй飬ĪӽʼӦˡ
ԪͷԦܣȷһ򵥵飬ǼԦſܣʵûа취ȫӳսʱԼܹӦȴûа취ӦʱĻһֱС
ȷһƣͬҲһĥص㻹Ҫ˵̬
Ī̬ƽ֮󣬾ͷԼս֮Увٲ֮
ǰ뵽ԪͷԦĿˣսʱ򣬶Щдġ
ͬʱĪҲûн߿ܵȫӳʵһ룬߿ܸص㣬ͬʱҲһЩֶΣֵĽЩֶĻһЩ⣬ĪӦܹӦġ
ԼЩ㣬ĪҲʼԼ֮УǲҲƵһЩڡ
ô˼ţĪӸоʱƺûã֣Ϣֳڵǳϡ
Ī̿డҽĪѣҪҪһȥǡһսչ⼸ǣܻһЩջĵѣǽһЩƷ˵նɱ˰λɾ壬һλɾ壬ܻһЩеĶΣĪѸһȥɣ
֣һĪڵɽ壬ֱӾͰеĿĸĪӡ
֣ԼһȥǵģĪȻûвӦĵԭõģĪ׼֣ԼȥϤһ£˵ʲô֣ǰˡ
λ֣ѣ̫ƽˣĪ
ĪӸɴĴӦ֣Ҳǳĸˣһ·и˵İˣҲӲͷƤˡ
һ߿ܣĪӶ˵ͺ֣һǰƬǣǣ


ʮ ɲ
Ľǿ˵СһƬ΢ĵطʵƬΪģҲıȽϳ
ĪӺ֣ˣһʱ䣬Ƭ֮еǡ
һ·ϣ֣ԣûͣĪӽи飬û̫ķϻֻǽһܹһ仰飬һƪۣķǳϸ
ĪҲ˺֣ദһɣǾǺͶԷʱòҪ˵;ҲԲһЩһ˵ݣĻԷݣ֪飬ͻи
⴦ǳǣԭ֣ȻҲ⴦طƵλǰ͸һ֣رɣҲУ֣ǰ壬ԵĪӽܵ
Īһ֣Ľܣһߴǰǡ
ǵĴСǲ࣬ɢǳ֮ȴǳ֮ЩͬȻͬǽɫɢǳ֮ƺдһֲ̫ǿ֮УָоЩĴǡ
ƺĪӵɻһԵ֣Ͻ͵ڴ˴֮ΪΧ³õ󷨵Ŧ֮ܵսӰ죬ö֮ǳǳ֮ͽķһЩ仯Ŵɱƣ˵ٵϼʮ꣬ϰ꣬ǣܹΪһĴǡ
֣ЩͻȻ̾һǳɱʱʵ̫ˣʮϰʱ䣬֪Ǹʱһܲܿõ
仰Īתͷ֣һۣȻҲûдȥ֣״Ҳһ̾ģæȥ
ǿ֮䵽ϣм䣬ĪӴһââ·ϣ֣ѾĪӽܹˣһɱɢĹâҪþֱݡ
ɱṩǾڣĪھݵʱ򣬽븮ʱſڵЩһֻЩӣֻѣϵ棬ɱ
˵ɱҲ˼ڵһˣʽԼķ֮ǰԼļַģȻϵļɹڼСĸ֮£ɱĲҲûб
ɱ֮ΪѾû˼ǱֲĻͽ䰲Ҳܹ䷢á
ĪӺ֣һ䵽ϣ̾͸оϣŲٵϢһ֮⣬ȻһЩΪ˾µĴڡ
ĪӲûиеȣΪ·ϣ֣Ѿǵˡ
Ľÿһλɾǿߣ߿ܣÿһս֮ʧˣҪв޲Ȼ󲿷ֵĿܣǴط͹ģϣҲͬ޲ܵĵط
Щϵɾµ壬Щģһ֣ñȽϳڣԲŻ
߰ɣвٵĵѾˣػջĪѣǿȥɣ֣ӦЩ˵Ϣ̴ĪӣʼЩ˾ۼĵط£
ĪӸ֣һǰţһĿⲻסҹ
ΪһǣǷǳģһûһǲġ
ЩĵطҲǳأΪҺЩطҪôܵĵطҪôͥһЩĵطҪȷ̫Ľ
ĪһʲôϣһҲܰȥͥרŽֶĵطĲϣʲôеĻĪֻҪ㹻Ĵۣܹ֣ûУܹһĴۣͥΪѰԲսеĴ
һ㲻ãЩȽּ֮軻ȡĴеҲΪˣѣŻÿνս֮ϣȻཻһ֮
֣Īһһ̶ţһǰţһ߻ϵĶĪ˵
ĪӴ;ľ֣ĽܣܿͿ˼˾ۼĵط
ȿʱĪӿһɽϣһƬЩҵʯʯαߣΧżˣÿжһ裬Ȼ΢Ц̸ʲôڽףһȺڻ졣
֣ĳŲ΢ӿһ㣬ٵߵȺ֮Уʶ˴к
ŵòΪ˲٣ϲɺأѡѣλҲòˣһΪλѾ뿪ˣԵѣ㾹ȻҲһˣҪ֪Ļ͵һͬУ·Ҳٶһ˵ˡ
Īӿ֣ǰЩ˴коʶ˻治٣кЩˣһ΢ЦӦм˵ϣȴ΢һΡ
Ŷλѽһ£λĪѣ˴ãںھӣ֣ڴһк֮Ҳû˸һĪӣ˽һĪӡ
֣ĽܣڳļˣĪӵͷ΢ЦĪҲ΢Цżλ˻񣬴Ҿʱʶˡ
֣һ£ԱһλһĲ豭ʹƮҲƮڲ豭֮е裬ַǳƽȵƮĪӺ֣ǰȻλ΢Цһơ
Īѡ֣ѣƷһ裡
סƮǰĲ豭ĪӿűеĲˮ¶һĨЦ⡣
֮裬ȻͨĲˮһĲ豭֮УװʢĲˮһŲϷתһ㣬ȫһˮܹ˸о̺
еĲ豭ĪӴյһڣȻ˫۾Ͳ΢΢һ
ⱭеĲˮڵһ˲䣬ͷ·ǽһ㣬ܹоһ˿˿ת⣬ţͬ꣬һ˿˿ת⣬·ֻϸĴ꣬еȻķ㣬ĪӵĿлһַǳܡ
ĪԴһ˿ܵı飬˿ڣԵ֣͸æ˵ѵɲ裬֮ʱ紺΢󣬱һζɲ裬ƽľĹЧľ֮Ч
Īԣһ۸ղŵݸλˣֶԷҲĿͶȻͬʱһ֣ŶղЦЦ
λ֮죬ָֻǸոĵĻ⣬ݶ۱˴˴ս֮ջȻ˵Լ֮׼Ҫͨޡ
һ׵ĳǴºȲ죬ȴоһȺ۵һ㣬˵⡣
ûãһλˣ˴ĵĹУһ໥ĽףҲҴţҪĺջģ̾ͽ


ʮ սƷ˱˵
Ϊǿ֮еİǵУһЩеĲϣЩȻǾֶġ
бȽģǸ־Ϊɽľǳ֮ľ飬óЩ֮У־
д󲿷ȻƷߣƷ֮ʱмӦľвЧ
Щ֮УҲвƷʷǳģǳ֮ǳ˶Ҫ۲Ķ
ǵ츳ľȻǳĴ̺ĵϣҲЩ˼飡ĪӿǰһλóһŵɫģǹĹ㣬һֿ۽ĸо
ֶ֮ǲսϽɻ񣬴⼸ûĻȡ
Ѵ֪뻻ȡЩʲôóžԱߵļλ˶ͶȥԵеĿ⣬һλ˸ֱʵ
ԣóžҲûʲôӣ˵Լ֮ȻţλͬʱóҪĶ
Ȼ˱ѡһλٵ˽ףΧҲֻһЩĽĿš
ѣξȻõܹľѲɣڴս֮Уնɱһλ壡ɣк͸ղŵλ˹ϵȽϺõһλʵ
ŴԣλѵҲûҡҡͷڵΪ˵ݾã֪λնɱ˶ֺԦĿս֮Уԭϵ飬еĴռҲˣһֶɢ˳Ҳãһݱˣ
Է˵꣬Īüë΢ɲһ£һǿҵԤУԷǸնɱ֮ĿˣܾܿԼ
˾ǿߣԤлѪ֮ģǺ׼ġ
ô˵ǰͱѣոóȥ׵ǷݾԭԼսƷ
뵽Īвûʲôƽ⣬Ǿûͦ˼ģû뵽ѾʧĶȻַʽԼеһ֣ȷһͦ˼ɺϡ
ǷսƷûĻصУںս֮У߿ܵʧսƷҲʧˣĪȻЩź˶еô
ʧ֮£ĪȻڻȫںڵľЩҲúѡ
ս֮ϣһ˲Ϣ䣬ĪţйƾģֹܲԼһҲûбҪƽЩ
λ˵Ľ׺ܿͽˣĪм䣬ûκνףΪЩóĶҪôǶûõģҪô֮ĪʵûеģҲֻһԣĿɽס
һ׽֮󣬾һ⼸λˣ׼뿪ˣʣµˣҲûм˼ĪӺ֣һҲѡ뿪
һսǵ˲ֻǰ⼸ֻǴһ佻׵ķʽСȦӾһķʽеģȻɢˣĪ˻ȥ˾һĵطȥ᲻ʲôջ
ĪѸղʲôûнȥĵطûʲôջĻĪѲȥͥƷĵطȥ˵ܹջ񣡡֣һԶᵣûл⡣
֣ˣĪĵͷش
ղЩ֮УĪʵһƷ뽻ģǾλѵɲ裬ϧԷɲƺͲ࣬Ѿڴ֮ǰ˽ȥһ֣ʣµĶԷҪãԲûн
ں֣ܿ쿿˸һмλ˾ۼĵطĪ˸ոսӽȺǱߵļλˣĪ߱㶨һ˵ϣΪƺһλˡ
Īӵ߿ŶԷԷҲע⵽ĪӵעӣͷĪһۣ̳һ˿㵵顣
ȵĪӺ֣߽ϴЦݵ֣ûпڣǼλ֮Уһһˡ
㲻ô죡˵ˣбһѳϵϢǳƽͣǿʱܻһ־öԷ̷âĸо
㹻ˣȻˣò񣡡ǰ֮ˣĪ¶һĨ΢Цƽ͵˵
ĪӼλˣйݽ̫һڵĽ޺棬Էָڴÿֽ֮䣬ҪɵıҪۣһ㣬ĪǱȽϸлԷġ
յǵʱǵǸĪ˵Ϣû뵽˾Ȼôͼˡ
ˣãĪӵĻҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻ󿪿˵
ں˵һκĪӣʱƺûж೤ĪӣڴҪɵĻۣϣĪܹøǿлٺĪһսʱĪһǿĶ֡
ոռĪӵʱ򣬺ڻǼĪӵʱ򣬻ΪĪûɴĻۣżͻԪɾ磬ǰ֮ϣĪӵĴ֪
ĪӴź棬ԷϵϢţΪ׵ʲô̶ȣԹе֮ϺΪܿﵽɾڣҽӽͻƺڵĳ̶ȣʵҪиǿڵΪӦҲȹɣ
ĪӴźͬʱҲڿĪӣĪӣʵģԴ֮Ϻ󣬺ֻ˶ݵĵĽһֱڣĪӵϢûôעҲ֪Īӵ
ϸĴ󣬺淢֣ĪӵϢǳȹ̣ڵķƺҲǳĻʵԲ̫ͣΪҲѾɾڡ
ĪӺͺʶ֣ڣ֮Χļλˣܿͽˡ
ߵļλˣƺֻ̫Ը֮˵ķ֣ڳҲû⣬Щʶ֣֪ص㣬һЩҲֵһܹһЩˣҽҲôơ
ٵˣһص㣬Ǿµʱǳ֣ļ֮ȻĥһʽĻཻףǺܿͿʼˡ
̿ʼĿ죬Ҳͬܿ죬̶̲һյĹ򣬼λ˴Ӹ˵Ȼ󵽱˴ɽףѾˣȻͲɢˡ
ĪĿ⿴ź棬ֺļҵĺܺ񣬸ղŵĽ׹УԷһóƷееĲϣɼôʱ䣬սϿǶն
ע⵽ĪԼĿ⣬תͷĪ˵ĪӦǸոĽɣս֮УҪն񣬻ĵõǼԦſܣõջվޣĪѵʵҽ׸սˣŻиջ񣡡
̫һڵĵӾôģֻҪ֮ϣһζݵӦʱ֮󣬾ͻͶսɱ֮иϽĪҲԣ


ʮһ ۵
лָ㣬պлᣬһ᳢һµģ˺Ļ֮Īɫǳƽ˵ûΪĻ;ҪһսʱԼ
Լ׸ս飬ӦһƬ⣬ŻĪӣڲϵս֮Уȷһַǳõܹ˿ٵĳɳ
Ϊ޵̫һڵĵӣʺǵĳɳʽǲϵսӶĥԼĽ̻ǳΣգɳٶҲǳĿ죬ջ͸ֵõġ
ĪӲǽޣսΪͬаףĪǴҪĻڴ
ȻսսһģԲڣĪһֱϣԴͻƵɾ֮ʱڼûʲôƿʱҪ֮Ĵ̼
ҲĪԼ⣬Ǳ˵ͷûټ˵ʲô
֮;վǸԼ飬ȻĪӣ˴Ѿ㹻ˣûбҪ˵ĪĽ飬Ҳ⣬ޱߣ˭˵ĵ·һʺϱأ
ϼĪӣҲһССϲ£ΪĲյЩˣı˦ܹټһλʵףɢ֮󣬺ûѡ뿪ǺĪӡ֣һ˾ԭأ֮俪ʼ̸
ǣ׹ȻһҪĿģǺͬ˻ཻͬҲһĿģһս󣬴ҶٶһЩһЩֻһЩУͬ˽һпܾͻὫлΪմٽΪĽ
ĪӺͺ˵Ľʵ࣬Ҳû̫ɵĶ˴Ƭ̣һԸеЩ岻֣£ת档
ΪƥȻ񲻿ɾãʶʣԲط棬񣬽â¶ң޼᲻ݣǹʲʱ¶âǡʱѣ
ĽͺĪӿһƽʱâԣʵһâƥˣĽ棬ʱʱ̵̿չ¶ֻڱҪʱչ¶޼᲻ݵķâ
ϣԴ⣬ԼСԷϣ֮֮СԷ࣬Զ֮
֣֮ǰ߹Īӣ֮֮ʱĪӺһԵĺ棬סˡ
ݣĪҲˣΪʲô֣һ룬ڵ֮Уͬһ㣬ǷǳĸӣֻǻɬѶѣˣȻͶˣ˼ˣҲᶮ
ԵĴҲһԽǷǳӵ飬Խǿü򵥵Ļ෴һ򵥵£Ҫ䳹׵˵ֹڴϢʱΪһЩ졣
ҲΪ֣ںĪ˵ʱ򣬶ϲЩϢ˽±˲֪˼
ĪӶ֣ĵоǴû뵽֣ڵ򣬾Ȼж֮һʱ֮䣬Ҳ˲ٵС
˽󣬽ͻĪĪݣҪˮľ֮ͬʱͨˮľ֮չٵĴͬԼĶ֮
˻۵֮УһЩˣĬĬ˵ߣȵĪӽ֮һİ㿪ڣ
ּᣬƣ֮֮أαá
λİˣȻһλ֮ˣڵͬҲļ⣬ڽ֮ҲĪ˵ע⣬ĽǺ棬Էݣ˵пɽ֮
˵һİ˵ļ룬ڶԷ֮ѾһԵĵڶλ˿ڽԼĵȻǵλλ
Խ˾ۼȻҲ˸ǰԭֻ۵ĳ棬һӾͿʼˡ
ȻЩ֮УȫֵýģмˣڵĪӸоֵͬĸоһҪԷĳ嶯ˣǽݣǺֵýġ
ʱڸλ˽Ĺ֮ߣһֱͷ̫̫Ŵǣ˴˾ʮεĽ棬ⳡԭ˷۵ų׵Ľˡ
ʱĪĿ⻷һȦΧˣѾмʮλˣȻȫɾˣڵȻôƵģô˽֮ĪӸоһַ·ʳһͼȵС
˵۵Ĺ֮УȻ½½ô˼룬һĪҲû⣬Ϊ·ϣ֣Ѿˡ
ΪƬǣÿδս󣬶˾ۼұ˴˽Ʒģ֪ʲôʱʼһּ۵Ϊ
ΪҲûʲô̶ĳͻȻЩط۵һʱ֮䱻סˣ۵˽֮󣬱ˣҲ˳Ƽ룬ܹˣͻ۵ĳ档
ֳʵÿһδս󣬶ܹϿģҹģҲдСеʱãһ۵ϰλ˼룬ϱȽϳһʱ䣬ܹɾĸּ룬ôһΣϽɾǿߴ࣬һ۵ɽʹ˶档
һεļ۵мʮ֮࣬ģǲСּ۵ٵʱ򣬿ֻܾʮ˶ѣֹģѾˡ
һ۵֮е˶վҵһǺĪͬĿڳһȦڳˣͬʱԼǰ΢΢һȻһЦҲҪٴкȥˡ
ǣûʲôջ񣬵ε۵õĺôһʱˣһλλȥˣĪӲɵ
ĪҲͲٵһ۵ɴûгԹôһ۵ͬԴ˴޵Ĳͬڽ֮һִͨĸо
ĪӸоԼֻҪȥչһʱ䣬Ϊһܹõĺôܳһʱ档
Īѣ۵Ϊ棬׼ȥƬδȵϾ֮ʱٺдһΣΧߵĲʱ򣬺תĪ˵
ĻĪӿһԵ֣Ȼعͷź˵֣ھӣҪҽӴĻֻҪ֣Ϳҵң֣ѵǱȽҵġ
Īӵ仰濴һԵ֣һۣȻ΢΢˵ͷת뿪ˡ
û뵽Ī㾹Ȼ̫һڵĵн飬Щ޿Ĳദ棬
ˣĪѻʲô֮ûеĻҲȥɣ˴۵ҲмҪȥչһ£˵ΪܹһЩ֣źıӰԵĪ˵
Ҳãǣ۵ľѾˣҲһͬȥһ´˴ջ񣡡ĪԣԭҪȥͥʲôϿԽģҲû˼ˣͬȲҪȥչһµĳ嶯


ʮ ֣ͻ
һǣĪӻвٵطûüȥʶһ£뾡һ£ճԼĶԼ飬ֻһţϾ飬վ׷Ҫ
˿ʼصͬʱĪӺ֣ˣͬҲ̤˹;뿪ǡ
ĪӵȲμ˼۵뿪֮ϵĳλһֱעǵĽǿߣջǵĿ⣬˴һЦ
Ⱥ֮УһЩ֮ģպԼ˼Ե㲦ǧ֮УǲģлмΪģн֮ˣɿ֮Уһۣ࿴ȽͨĽ˵
˵ǼȽϳģӦ̫һڵޣͥĪӼ˰ɣһλҲ˵λɣ֮ǰս֮Уųֵͥǿ̲
̲Ļλɵͷ¶һĨЦ˵Īӣ˵֮ͥУ˶俴ãһȴмֲ֮
˵λɲûаѻȫ˵˼Ƚԣ˵ĪӵȷмֲҲûбֵرĳܹȺ
̲ŴԣҲǺЦӹ֮Ų٣һЩˣһʼֵĺܳɫȴĹƽӹЩһֱֵĺȶˣɾͶĪӣڱֵľͺҫۣҷҪڳɾͽɵʱ򣬻Ƚѣʵܲ
̲ĻλǿϵЦȻĵ˵ͷԭǵģͥԴӣǷǳá
˵ͲҪ¼ˣΪ˵ĶѾˣ˵ͬȽϳĺ棬λɲûἰΪͥߵţ̫һڳ괦һֲϾ״̬ûбҪʱЩ
ʵԽԽǿˣδվҪЩ󱲵ģϾϿЩ˳ţ̲ڶԷ˵֮󣬱΢Цż˵һ䣬ΪĽβ
Īߣǻصڵǳһ·ϻʱ䣬ȥʱҪһЩڻ·ϣΪ֣һҲĵĳĬ˲٣йƶ۵ջ
۳Ԫ֮ͷԷֻظ·ĹУͬԷĶãһ߸·һԼջֻķʽЧʱȽչЧ
صԼڵǳĪӺ֣ʮָɴķ֣ȥá
ĪԼķڣûѡʶ뵽ͼУֻǲϵתŹͬʱԺ֮У֮ǰ۵ÿһλݡ
Щݰĵпȡ֮ϸϸƷζЩݣֵѧϰĶͬʱԼԼĵϵӡ֤ĪֻԼԺ֮УһԼͬҵ˴ķ
ޱߣ֮;ǧÿߵ·վǲͬģȻͬԴǧͬĵ·յĿ꣬ڤڤ֮еĴԽʱ򣬾ͻᷢĵ·˴֮˽
ĪЩݵͬʱʱҲһһεţ̫̫ŴǵĹԣܿ;ٴεĽ档
Ҳһսոսãռһˣû̿һδսĴ㣬Īӵˣܹȵôá
֪̫̫ŴǵĹԣڼٴεĽ棬Ī˫ۣ̤Լķ䡣
Ī̧ͷͷ̫̫ŴǣоԼαչջ񣬲Ӧûһҵʱ䣬ܻҪԳһ㣬εջҲʵǳϲˡ
ֻ˼ֵķĪ¶˵Ц⣬ոͻɾڲãΪٴǰһСȻɺڻǱȽԶĽѾеǳˡ
֪֣ǷչؽˣĪĿɨ֣ڵǳɵ
Ȼ֣ھӣĪ֮ƺûȥ֣ڵǳĪͻȻҪȥ뷨
ţĪͻȻо֣ڵǳϣһǿϢڶ𣬶ϢڲϵϢˣĪӵ֣
ȻΪͻˣĪӿ֣ڵǳ΢еЩȣ֣ΪһҲɾڣû뵽ԷõĺôȻһС
Ī֮ǰ֣Ϊ˽⣬ԷɾڣȷѾһʱˣǾɾڣƺһСεľ룬û뵽ֻһ۵öԷô󣬲һСεľ롣
ǰһĪӿٵ֣ڵǳȥڿҪӽǳʱĪͣûѡ䵽ǳϣǾͣǳϷĿ֮ɫĹâ·֣֮
ɾͻƵɾڣΪɾһһֱĹͼʱҲһı仯һ¶ǰ
ʱ¶ֻӰ۳ɵط࣬Ҳûطܣ֮֮УŹͼطƣӰҲὥʵճΪطࡣ
Ī֮ԹҪĦһ̣һ㾭顣
֣Ϣϵİθߣڵһ̶֮󣬽ĹƽȻһ΢·ǳϳ˳΢ϳĹУâʼɢ¶һǳõĻ档
ĪϸõĻ棬֪֣ͼԻӰ
֣ͼԻӰһųľԼǳǻ滹żңһֻ΢ŹһЩٺ͹ĵĽϣ΢Щ׾ӡ
l
Īӿٺ͹ĽϵĽг֡
еһֵʱ磬ͬʱҲǳţlҲΪlĻ߆l٣ȷٺ͹ĵĽ塣
ΪߵĽ壬lûܹȡٺ͹ģΪΪߵĽϣֵĶͻڳ֮󲻾ãͽıˣѾˡ
ĪҲΪ飬пĽܣܹһ۽ϳһˣһܹϵó
Դ⣬ϣСԷͼǺʺ֣ѣĪ֣ڵٿǰĹͼӰͻȻЩ⣬Ϊʲô֣һΣܹôԭˡ
ţĪҲϸĹ۲֣ĹͼӰ֮ǿ֮еĹͼӰʧĪӵУҲһĨȻ֮ɫ
Ȼı仯ԭˣĪӸоԼĲոճأ֣ͻƣȻĹĦһ£ջһЩ飬Լ˽˹ͼΪطһЩ
ǿ֮йͼӰʧ֣ϢҲĿʼ䣬Īӱ˳䵽·ǳϣȴ֣


ʮ l
Īӵһ֣ڵǳĿΧĹˣĪӷ֣֣ڵǳĲãõĻͦ˼ġ
֣סĵطͬҲһɽ壬ɽӣҲ֣Լӵ°ġ
ɽΧмСɽ壬⼸СɽϣҲһЩƺеһЩͬĹܡ
˼⼸ɽӣǱ˸ֹŹֵģЩ̫ۣԺ򣬺⼸ɽһ֣ڵԭɽ壬ԵЩ룬Щˡ
Īڴ⼸ɽ壬֣ʱȴĶС
ĪԴĽ紦֮ＸûݷùĪǵһɽ
֣ĪӵĶУܹ֮һЩϲõƺΪĪһߣ֣еˣĪӸԸţӦΪͻƣԲˡ
Ī֣к֮ûмɽͣ첽ɽ֣ܿܿ
ΪոͻƣϵϢȻѾƽˣĲرĪڼ֮󣬼ĸܵصĵϣԼ˲ٵķ
ϲ֣ѣΪͻɾڣ
ĪӿһЦݵ֣΢ЦŹϲ
лĪѣΪССͻһ磬ȷһֵø˵飬Īܹݷãȴһ˸˵飬Īѻ֣кĪһ£ͬʱĪ˵
Ī֣ϣƺΪԼĵеǳĸˡ
֣֮õķǳɽһɽϻмݣڶǰһСͤӣ˾
ĽôʱˣնȥݷѣݷҵģĪѻǵһ¿ʼ̸֣֮ЦŽղŵĻ˵һ飬Īߣǿ⡣
һ㣬ĪӲû˵ʲôǽճһʱ𣬼ϸպ֣ΪͻƣҲһ֣οЩˡ
ĪڹĦ֣ͻ֣֮ûʲô£Զ˾ͱ˴
֣Χ⼸ɽ壬͵ǱΪ£ĪĿ⿴ɽһ˵֪ԼֻҪ֣һ⣬˵죬Ͳõûлġ
ȻĪӻһ֣֮̿ڵĪӦǾ⼸ɽӺְܹɣԾӵģʵȻ
⼸Թɽ壬ڴϵʱۼһЩɽ壬ҴȻȻģģ乭ɽ壬ҵģɽ£ʱһõһԱƷɽ壬Ҳݣֻϧɽ嵹ˣָ֣ɽ¼̬ɽ壬ĪӽЩɽͬҲڷԼһЩ
Щн˵Ķ˼Ҳ赭дƺһĴߣĴ߿ɼһЩͬʱһЩȽķ羰ס
ںĪӷЩ֣֮Ȼ뵽ʲôһԵĪЦ˵ĪһλߣûʲôдĪѵģ𣬱һĪͣ
仰һ֣꣬бһͼ֮йl
֣ІlĪҲͦȤģһַǳŵû֣࣬ҪһĪӺȤࡣ
ņl֣΢ԼŵʯŲŲȻ󽫆lȽϱص°벿֣бſԼһ࣬һץŸżҵľָŪ
lͬǰ峺Եõͳأ׹̫ʺϸɽˮǰʺֵͳӡ
֣ȻֵͳӣԻ죬͸¶һϲ֮⡣
ˣˣڲҵĹУ֣ʱٵûһlĹ棬ȽϿ죬ϣ˼ֻ֮⡣
ĪûΪʲôl֮Уûжˡ
䵯ͳûȴĹ˼ֺأϣãǶЩͻ
ֳ֣ͻͲˣΪԭõͳڵһӣҪټͳˡ
֮أ컯;ʼŽĽ;ʮ꣬ϧԡ
֣һߵţͻȻ֮俪ʼ߸ĺ
Ī֣ݵÿһ䣬ͬʱоһƽϲãԼԵβ׷ŸԼУɵЩסˡ
ֻöߵĸͷ·һλµˣھ֮꣬Ц£ղ֮Ҳʵ֮󣬶һУȴɺĵġ
Īͬע⵽֣ĸ֮Уĵϣܹ봫ݳϢȫĴݳ
֣֮һգеĆlĪЦ
飬Īӻվǰ֣һȻתߡ
Ī뿪ıӰ֣ҲվĶȥҪһԼΪ
뿪֣ڵǳصԼ֮ĪлŸղ֣һ
׶֣һвû𺳵ܵĸȾȴͬϸһ㣬ڣлص
Īû뵽Ϊ֣ĵľȻ˵ļᶨּᶨܹ˸е𺳵ļᶨƵ֮УԸ̤ʵأ׷ʼļ֡
һϣĪӸоԼѧˡ
УʦҲȻ˭ô򵥰ĪԼķУĿֿһ֣ڵǳ
ĪջԼĿ⣬ȡһöУ֣ղݣ¼ڡ
֮ĪȡһĿʼжûʲô仯ֻжٶȣ˺ܶ࣬˸ܹϸĦļ϶һʱ򣬿ܻͣϸϸĴĦһ
еһĪӷж˺ܶ飬ÿһζˣмļ϶ÿһĶҲֻСһЩѡ
һԭѾĪӷĹεĵһĪӱԼѾҪ͸˵ĵһѧϰ̬ȣ²õ͸ܣĪӸеΪͬ
ʱ˴ԼңĪȻеڲжʱ֣ӰȴһγڵǳϣŴжΪ
һ̸֮ΪͻƵ֣ǺһģһĻ룬ûκθĪĸоô䣬


ʮ Ӧ
޴ڣĪδ֣ѧģܹԼʼһĵġ
ޱߣ׷ĵ·ϣ˭Ҳ֪յ˷λ컯棬Լ˵ԼѾߵ˴ľͷ
ĵ·ϣʼһĵģʼռᶨ;һֱȥ
Ǳߣĵ˵ƺЩλɾǿߣпʱ䣬߷һνĪڵǳϣ֣ϲĽԼոһЩϢĪӡ
չһҵʱ䣬ȻĽòһƬƽ˾ûзʲô£ʵѾٴαý
ĪԴϴս֮󣬾֪һʱڿܲķзĿԣܻһЩ˼ɣһķ֣Ļƺ׼Ҫһηˡ
Ϣڣ֣û徳طϢĪ˼ţͬʱһת֣ʵ
Īӵʻ֣΢ЦſڴϢ⼸˽Ĳ࣬ҲһЩ΢ҪһЩ顣
һ£ǴϵĻʳ־һµ뷷⣬ϰٸ飬ڶʳڤͥҲ챮ʮˣӦԼͳĵλ
ܾΪεķڤԭ΢һЩľƣʱֱĽ֮䣬Ħֿʼˡ
Ī֣˵ϢҲû̫⣬֮ңڻûе׿һУ״սһʱĦǲϵʱҲֻͣĦ׶Σڳ׵ıĴս
ڶ飬ʵҲ飬ӦϢҲͬҪǰЩ꣬˵֮УһıΪ⣬֪Īѿ֪֣˵ĪССһӡ
Ȼ֪ӵ֣ĪҲϵ˵
ĪѼȻ֪ضҲģڹȥһ֮Уһöµˣǳ徳ڣεõöģһλ飬û뵽ǣԷѾһλˣɾȻܹں⣬ԭһλƷ飬ں֮λֱƷ֣Ҳ΢΢Щࡣ
ǳϢ˵Ҫ壬ԭͷǳϡе⣬ֵҪ¹ˡ
龹Ȼܹں⣿Īüͷ΢΢һ壬Ҳ֪Ϣ塣
ԭĪǿţлĻܹ⣬ΪԼĸĸѰһʵĳ֮;Ϣ֮󣬿¶߻ø࣬ԼܹõĿԾ͸Сˡ
ʵڲеĻͿһ취ɣĪ뵽ͬʱԺ֮УҲðӰ
ûǰ£ҪԼĸĸĻĪֻܴ취
ĿǰǶƷѾ֮ʤĿԲˣĪڼ֮ȴöԷлᡣ
֣ҲոճزãʱյϢֻЩڸĪЩϢ֣ܸ֮ɴľ뿪ˡ
Щ߶ںĪھӵദ֮УעԼ߶ķִ磬ϾһܹԼ˵һԼھӣ˵һȽѵõ顣
ʱһתֵۣ˼֮ĪѾٴȷϢ׼һս⼸ʱ䣬սձʮֵŨңƺСС֡
ǱߣĪӸоһ޵Ӵѹѹ֮ǿĪӸоһУڵԼȫûκοĿԡ
ߣ
վԼҪפصǳϣĪĿ⿴Զа֡
ȻûۿҸоҲޣĪȷӪ֮Уһλߡ
ԷϢ¶˿ĪѾԪ֮еԪ«ԼҲһܹܵõ޵ѹ
ܵ޵ѹڵĪ˵ʵһ£ΪܹܵԷ޵ѹôпܣ֮еλҲܹܵĴڡ
ԼһССɣһλ߸ϣʱĴĻĪӺܵĶԷԼ
ԸһĴҲѾˣ˵һЩΣգĪЩ
û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼнδ飬ת壡УһߴԼңߴӢ꣬ĿޱС૵
˵Ȼޱ飬˫֮Уȴ͸¶һµĺأһ˫ͫףͨЩͬз·̺޾ǳڲϵתͬʱüĴҲһ·תŵɫƣΪƽ˼ָ߹
ϴһϽɫĳۣɫĹ㣬װһƬǿգϵÿһ㣬ǳһ㣬ڻƶš
ϵϢû¶վֻҪһ۵ˣͲκСΪֻҪһվͺǺΧΪһ壬ͷ·ǿƬǿգһɲĸо
ĪӲµһ㶼ǵϢͬʱʵԷѾһ
Լ֮ĪȻûлָݣ鱦Ԫ«ӵһЩԣܹһЩ
οǿ֮УվӪеĴߣǳ֮ϳӦĴڣȻǸס
ϳ˵ͻȻӪ֮УӦ޵ϢȷЩ⡣
ӺܾǰʼͲٵ飬Щ飬Ƶ֮УҪôȥعأҪôΪڽɾϵǿߡ
ҲȽϺõתһΣƺǰˣеЩ֮⣬þöûмˡ
뵱سã絮黹ͦģֻʱ廹ûе֮䣬ụкܶ鶼Ǹʱģ͸֮У˲٣֮飬ֻЩˡ
ԭ֮Уһת壬ϳеһ뷨ҪնɱģʣµЩͻȻ䣬û˶ֽĨɱ뷨Ͼ˵λأ
Ҳɱ㣬С㣬ܲڴս֮лȥҪˣ
ϳջĿ⣬ȻתȥһֱվԼ壬Ŀ䵽һףŰֱֻ۵ϣ˵
׼һ£ɣսǸĽϣ⣬Ҳܹ⣡


ʮ ս
ĪӸоµǳ΢΢Ũǳ֮ʼʱĪӾ֪һսʼˡ
ϴһĪӵߣ󷨵±˸ߴﵽܹȫֵӽǣͬʱĶУҲһսӦô
ĪĿһǰһƬɿ߳
Ƭˣȫһſŵɵģܹһڵ㣬һſȼŵʯֹʽõĹֶΡ
Ӫߣǳɵ󷨣ʱҲɢһǹ⣬ͬһ㣬һȦȦɢȥӭƬĻˡ
ĪУһٴαֳɫԼڵҪеĪӲԼ߿ܣ̷ɳԼµǳ
ĪսķȥʱǰǳĿտشһſɵĻˣѾһǹײһߵײĹâǰǿգҲĪӼԦ߿ܵԪͷɵ΢΢ٶȷһЩ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӶ˹ţһ֮ϣҫ۵׹ڶ׹֮УһӴԹ񣬴׹֮г֡
ϤĪӸоԷɢǹѹһεʱ򣬾Ҫǿ󣬻˵һΣԷֻԼ׼ڹؼʱ򷢳һڲǶԷʵ
ɾǿߣȻսһʼͳˣĪӿ޴Щ
ͬʱĪҲЩԥԼӦӦüԦ߿ܣսǰˣǰĻҪ˽ɾǿ֣߳ǱԷֵನɨô߿ܣԻʧ
ĪЩԥʱ֮еӽǣһָߵЩʱͣԭأҪǰˡ
ĪŷȫµĿܣ㲻ðװ׵ķϵˣҪԼսζʧĻ쵽µĿܣҲоЩ˼
Ī߸ոͣ£֮е޷ǿ֮УĴĪӵĶС
̲һս
ͬ׹ĪӵĶУԦſܵԪͷһҪɢĸо
ҲĪһսʱʵһЩԪͷǳסˡ
ĪܹסмԦſܵɶܹŵסһֿܣ֮УԦſܵԪͷͱԷһɢˣʧȥ˿ƣôͣǿ֮С
һȻǹģ֮֮֮ͬŭҲһĹʽ
ʵĽǶ˵һٶԵЩûзȣɴ˵ľٶȫûκε⣬ǻжԵ壬ֶȻ伫
ҲԴ컯֮󣬻ཻս΢ƽ⣬˫Ż˼࣬ɾϵǿߣһ㲻µǿ֣߳ҪǷڵڶʳ֮ǰʱûô˼ɣǿĻᣬ嶼Źġ
񺰳һ֮ߵǿϣ̲Ӱ֣⣬بŲ飬ߣöǮΧϵתƺݻһĵϡ
Īû̲ڣ̲һһǰߵḶ́ȴһ
ãСһսҪֳʤ
һͬ׹УһЩɼԦĿܣԪͷɢˡ
һ֮񱳺İֱֻۣͬʱɫ֮лۣȻֱֻǰɫϵһ
ǰǿ֮Уʱͷ·˺һѷһ㣬Ȼһ߹ѷ֮͸͸һ˿ƺܹǵѷ֮УһƬҰɫеĿռ䡣
̲ߣΧ߲תöǮңͬʱתǰöʽͬǮң˴һ̲֣סöǮңƺҪöǮҷֿ
öǮҵͬʱǰǿգҲͬ˺һѷ죬͸һĨ⣬Ȼȴ浽ʲô
ѷ֮Ѹٵǰӣգѷ˴һȻ̲ˣӰͬʱû뵽ѷ֮УѷҲʧˡ
һĻĪӲɵǽɾǿߵܣֱԿһƬռ䣬Ϊǵս
̲һƬռΪǵս֮Уһһâٴڶ𣬽֮Уһλ˫ɣ֮еλŮޣƯʮű飬Īӡǳ̡
λɵĳ֣ȻҲһǿսһ̳һλǿߡ
ǿϴһͨͨĵۣòҲͨͨڳ˵ĸоͨͨĽǿһֻҪһۣԵԷļַɡ
Ľǿߣ˵ʲô֮ĻӦþΪһǿߣʵ̫ͨˣŵȺУעⲻָо
ǿ֮߳ߵɻһۣȻλŮǰһ˼ʱ䣬ͬʱֶΣǿ֮˺һѷ죬ղŵ̲һѡ񿪱һս֡
һһλǿߣߣǿҲѿһռѷ죬߳һ£бһѳĽɣ͵̫һڽ޴硣
ʣµλͺ͸ղԽһ˵Сռս
ʮʱУԽɾǿߣѾԿʼ˽սߵָߣʱѾʼзٵ²嵽Ҫʲôһʱ֮䣬ûзʩߵӦô
ߣλǿߺĽɱ˴˿սʼ֮ȫûܵӰ죬ٴηһƬ꣬۳һƬˣǿ֮кƺƵ
Īڸ߿еӽǿһ෢ƬǻУмӴǳɻɵǳЩ֮Уһͬ
ע⵽⼸ɻ۳ɵǳĪͷʱһݣ⼸Żɵǳһţ̺СʹɣԵʱҲ֮Σ
ƬγɵĻ֮ĪӻٵϡŹֵ壬߳
ʱĪ֮Уܵǹ޵ѹҲƺԷʱ׼һ㡣
Ī΢Щֻλߣûע⵽ԼСɫҪע⵽ԼҲòҪԼССɡ


ʮ 
һǳõ󷨣ٴɢһȦȦ粨һǹ⣬ɵӿĻ˶ȥ
ĪӿһȦȦͬһǹ⣬ٴκЩǻײһײĹâǿգͺ֮ǰǴιһǽȷʵȻͬ
һΣ˹ھһ粨һǹϴ֮󣬲û˶סѹǹӪƽ
һĻĪͷɵһƬɵĻ֮УǼȫɻ۳ɵǳǲСģ⼸ǳٿһЩټЩǻˣǰЩɾĸ֣Ҳòݱܷâ
ڴʱӪǰһɫĹâȻ𣬰ŵǸָطԻվڽսǰɾֳˡ
Щɾĸ֮УΪ۵һλվǰеһλɣֻط࣬Ȼһ̫Һǿ֮е̫Ǳ˴֮ңңӦƺĳϵ
̫񹬵ĵӣĪӿǿҫ۵̫Ӧͷ̫ϵ̱µɾֵĳӦþ̫У̫񹬵ĵӡ
̫񹬵פؾ̫ǵԱߣ̫Ĵߣ̫ǵĿȨܹԦ̫ʱվǰУʵٺʲˡ
ֻ̫񹬵ɣ¶ط࣬ȼһɫ̫ǰӿĻˣȻ˿壬˫ضŻ֮ǼǳԴһ˿ء
ɲ֮䣬Ƭ˽վǰ̫񹬵ûĪȴĿڱû֮ղڵλãܿһƬ۵ĽɫâȻԷûʲô¡
Ƭҫ۵ĽɫâܿͽӽƬ֮еһǳ߽Ӵһɲǣǿɻ۶ɵǳȻ֮䳹׵ıƬ֮УγһƬ߸ĻС
ҲǡǡʱĪӸо֮УλߵϢһ˲øˡ
ϸ΢ı仯Īһֲ֮УעŵǸλãһȥ˼ʱ䣬ȴҲûпƬ۵Ľ⣬ֻܿ۵ǳ䱬γɵУŴƬ꣬Ӫ
Īһ뷨ղţλĴߣڰһֶΣ̫񹬵λɣпѾ׶༪ˡ
һ̣ɵĶ֤Īӵ뷨
ֻԭ׼ǿеסƬǻ˵ɣʱ򣬶ѡˢˢĺˣֱ˵ǳɵ֮С
ˣλ̫񹬵Ϣ޷ӦʱǾ̷Ӧ⣬ͬʱѡ˺ˡ
˵һλɾǿߣһǴŵӣʵֶ̫ͨΣܻΪһǳı䣬Է赲Ĺ֮䣬ֻ˵⡣
һȺɾǿһˣƬǻˣһǿֱ̬ӳ֮Уǳɵ󷨡
еǼŻɵǳʱҲһſűһſǳռ䶼Ϊ֮ҡͬҲǳóɵ󷨡
ĪֻԼߴߣ˲ͱЩģˣǿκλˣֻǶлܹ
󷨱Ӱ쵽ˣȻڽȫƻ£󷨵ȻܵӰ죬޷ȫܡ
Ȼ޷ͨ󷨿ǰ龰Īͨ߿ܵӽǣܹĿǰߣһƬҫ۵ĻѾ˽ھǳɵ󷨵֮ǰЩɣѾƬ˵סˣûµ䡣
ڻ֮Щ壬ʱҲ˽һֺЩɸֽսһһ֣Ǻԥĳ֮С
ĪӼԦ߿ܣʼٶȻǰƶѾоһЩ壬
ûãĪӵ֮УͿһǰɫ˰޵塣
ģо˺ͰצĽ壬кܶ趯Ĵ֣ϰȴΡ
Ԫͷ߿ܣĪӺԥľŶԷӭȥһһС߿ڿĹУͽϴĿܣгһ޴ľܣͬʱڿֲܵһһľϣȻͽϴĿܣԥĽеľǰ˦ȥ
ͽСǾ߿ܣǲ˴һЩĿ׼Ż
޴ľһǰȥǸǰʱҲע⵽ѾԼǰĹû˿Ļңûж˼
Ĵַɿ̧Ľľ޴ƽסͬʱĴڶһģ޴ľܱһơ
һ̣ľ֮ϵЩһӵϣͼҪ
ʵҲͬɾ磬ҷӦҲǳĿ죬ͬƶʱξȻ΢΢һ¶ףȻȻ仯һâٵʧԭء
һӣĪӼԦŵͽϴĿܵԣһҫ۵İ׹⣬ͬյůĪӼԦ߿ڲ͸
ͬůһĹâûĪӸоκεůĪӸоԦ߿ܣڲҪâȼһ㣬ȻһֳȸУҿڲЩģһҲڱ
оԼԦ߿ڱƻĪӵķӦǺ˶ܣǲſ̧˫֣͵ץǰ塣
ͽϴĿܵĶУ΢΢һĨм֮ɫһٴʧԭأٶ֮죬ĪӸץס
ʧͬʱĪӼԦͽϴĿܣֱ۱ԷЩֺݺݵĳһ£Ȼûжѣֱ۱еĵطȴһԵѺۡ
ÿ죡ĪаһͬʱͽϴĿܣѸٵķתͬʱֱֻϣͬһĲٿ£·һ㣬ֱǿ֮λóȥȻ֮ȴûӰ
ͻȻ䣬ĪӵϷһŰɫĹâ֣ɫĹâ۳һɢŰ׹ľ޽ص䣬ͬʱ׹⻹߿ܵж߿޷ܡ
ǧһ֮ʣĪԦ߾޴ĿܣֻǿеƫתһȻܵİӣͱâɵľ޽ͬжһпˣĪ߿֮еԪͷȴסˡ
ʣ˰ӵĿܣʣһĿֻ֣ܵͷϷץȥûеֱֻץסʲôֻĴ֣Ѿһ˿ܵͷ­ϣһ׹ͷ­֮͸Ŀ굱ȻĪӵԪͷˡ
ĪԪͷɢ֮ǰʣµֻ֣գץסһ֣Ԫͷɢһֱ̣֮ܵУͬһջǲ塣
ʱĪԦһ߿ܣȻӾ޴ܵ𣬿ܵ˫ۺһŤһĳ룬һϷڣ


ʮ Գ
ЩҰǰɢ壬ĪӲɵаһҡ
壬ֶʵӦǹ֮ٶȷǳĿ죬ҶԷսҲܷḻȻ֪Ϊʲôģò˵ʵĺǿ
Īܹ˳ĸɵ壬һΪʵ;飬һ棬ҲһЩҵء
ԼԦ߿ܣĪӸտʼҪͽС߲ľܺȻ˲ȡȻɹʹģĪղûѡôϢͽϴĿܵߣһιĻᣬȡһɱĻᡣ
ȻõһɱĻᣬĪӸĴҲСԦ߿ܣеһֳ׵ˣڶָɵˣܵʧҲֵõġ
ĪӲûи̾ãɵ壬Էɢ󣬲ûºģдڶԷռ֮еĶڶŶԷȥӴռ֮е˳ĪӾͿٵĽЩ£һ£ԼĿܵĲкĪҲһͬ£һ¡
ʰö֮Īûмͣǿ֮Уѡ񷵻ء
ֻʣһ߿ܣƾһ߿ܣҪͳսĪӸоԼûʲôʤ㣬ȷأոյֵսƷ˵龰ֲҪ嵽ǰտս֮УĪӾԼȫԳ֡
Īʣµ߿ܻصĪڵǳ֮Īȡ¿õսƷȻ߿ܰǳϣλһݹ⣬ֱӷǰǿա
֮ǰ͸ĪӣҪƬÿٵĳɳõķʽԼս
ĪӱȽͬ˵Լڻ֮ԵȵΪһ£ҪôʱȻ׸ս
ò˵ĪԸǱȽϽģǰ㣬ԶһǰĶ־ʱһЩѾ֮Уʱ򻹲佻սǾͲǽˣԵЩСˡ
Ī뿪Լڵǳǰûã͸оǰһǳϣƺڷսĪҲûԥֱǰǳ˹ȥ
ʱûʲô֮˵򣬱ñȺ֮˭Ķֱ֣һȥɵͺá
ĪӻûüϵǿڽսǳͻȻ֮䣬оǰڽսĶһֹͣˣĪжʱһֲõԤУΪĸӦ֮УһϢʧˣµǵϢƺϢ
Լʮʱ䣬ĪֽŸоǰս𣬶ĪҲܿӽսĵط
žĪӿһǳϣһˣںһ彻֣վǿǳѾԵЩˣѾһݲС
û˿ԥĪӱٿǿǳͬʱǿǳڽս˫ҲͬʱӦĪӵĽӽ
еλ˵ʱȻǿϲɶߵλʱоľѹˡ
ܹоˣǰںֵģԼѾɵǸһڿĪӣѹҪвɵİԾ
ʱһǿ֮£ٶȿ磬ѸףĿֱָǸ塣
ֺֿݵһȻڽֵ岻Ӳӣֵˣȴ׵ѣʱȻҪʹǰĶ
գһƴӲǰֵ˵һҲӲǶ㿪˴ǿ֮µһ
һɫĹâڽµǳϣµǳҵĺݺݵһ£ͬʱһ޴ӣ˿ѾˣҲǳԼѡ񣬳ǰڽֵһ˵ĴۣҪǳһҪܵģܾĴˡ
ٿһµķ֮ҲǳĹϣת׼ܣûе뿪µǳĪӵӰͳǰ
ųǰĪӣǰ֪ԼѣȻ޷ѣҲ׼νԭ·ǹɵʱɢҫ۵ĹâϵϢҲʼٵұ÷ǳΣգһʱᱬĸо
һĻԭڽֵλ˼æĪӴСģǰҪԱˣ
Īԣпٵı任˼һɹֱ䵽ϣ˲佫ϸһ㣬·ľһɫ
ԭ׼Ա壬Ͽ񱩵Ϣһ˲䱻ѹȥȻڵϢûȫɢƺԱѾֹˡ
֮£һɫĹâĻǰ壬飬ȻɻصĪӵУĪӵīȡ
ѺֶΣĪֹԱ׾ٵľͽɵԭں彻ֵλˣԴһ˿ĶĪӴ
ǿ֮ĩʰ鷳ѹˣĪӿһλˣŶԷ
Ҳȫǫ飬ӦնɱһλˣӦòСֱǰ˴ˣ״̬ȻʰıȽϼ򵥡
ͬɾڵΪʵҲֻ̫ȻʵҪǿ
ͬҲûºģƷҲ󣬴Ӵռе˳
Īһ֣ЩƷȫ£˹ֳֽݣԼеһݣһݣͰǰ˵ǰ
ѣЩ˸ҪƴǣȴĪѾһݹ⣬뿪ǳ
УϳŶĿ֮з·ڲϵתüĴɫƣҲƺڻתš
ͻȻ䣬ϳԭޱϣ΢΢һЦ⣬˵תСʱҲͬ˿ԱģϧˣƺʶѣǽԼรɣ
૵һ䣬ϳֻ̧УһϽɫĹâϵۣ󣬻һ̫ľᣬƯС
ϳһеľᣬϵϢĿʼƯŵľҲչ
չ֮ʾľһƬڲŵͼ
һſŵǳ·ʵڵһ㣬ڻ˺֣ϸСҲǳһһƬڡ
Ѿ̯ĻƯϳУϢķſϵһſǳеĹ켣ƺӿ˼֣Ľһһеǳһɢҫ۵Ĺԡ
ԭո뿪ǿǳѰһֵĪӣȻǿ֮ͣסΣĿתķѾо֮еλߣ׼ˣ


ʮ Ͼɱ
Ľǳɢҫ۵Ľ⣬Ũǳ֮˿̾ͷ·۳һƬƬǳ֮û
ĪӸоԼΧÿһǳʱŸͬɶƺÿһǳ˹һںţֻŸԲͬĽࡣ
ţĪӷߵǳλþȻʼŲλõŲоƺǳĳأǽһѹڴʯµСʯקһ㣬õŲһСʯӣҪࡣ
󷨣ǳŲĪͷһѾʶˣܻᷢʲôˡ
һ̣ߵǳͷ·Ǳſеһ㣬һſŵǳͬߵһ㣬ȫǿ֮ɢŲ
ЩǳٵŲͬʱĪѾоǳɵ󷨣ЩǳŲ׵ıƻˡ
ƻ֮ǳ֮Яǳ֮ʱԵҲЩңһſǳŲ˴ײһ𣬾ĸӵĿˡ
Īӵߣǳ֮󣬱˴˷ɿײһĪҲ޷Сֻǿʼѣҵǳ֮˴ǣ֮£һſҷɵǳʱĪ˵ѾЩΣˡ
λݹ⣬Īһ߷ٵĶţһҲɵаǴߵֶΰֻһ֣Ѿߵ󷨱ҽЩǳҲûˣ
ǳĻңͨ˵ܻĻһЩ鷳ǶĪ˵Ӧ̫ѣϾǳ֮ҲһЩġ
ΣգЩǳһ
ӪһһɢϽɫĹâĻĲϵĹ֮УҲڲϵıͬʱЩãƺҪǿ֮һ㡣
ϵıϷͷ·ͻȻֶ֮ǳһ㣬һŵĹâȴ
ĪӸоΧǿգƺʱ򣬷һЩı仯ͷ·ռøʵһ㣬øӾѹȸС
ĪȻóռ֮ǿյֱ仯֪ôµģΧĿռˣһû˿ͨռֶΣ׵뿪Ƭ򣬵ȻһɾǿߣҪͨ˺ռķʽͻȻĽ٣ڹҲһܵ顣
Ӧռ䱻˲䣬ĪͻȻһǳõͷ
òĴߣҪºְɣ
ͷ˲䣬Īͬʶһ⣬ǾһĴߣںܿܲĽ紦ֻܹͶԷռΪ
ĪǳõͷͬʱʵҲЩ̫ţΪԴ嵮̫һλ컯֮󣬸֮ĽսȻɺܼңȴʼձ΢ƽ⣬һĴʱº֣ôնɱôɵӰǷǳģеƽ⣬ͽ׵ıơ
УϳĿһһעȴڷĵ
һֱϿƮǷѾ׵뵽ǿ֮У쵽ϿգϳڴߵϢһҲȫſˣǹǿѹһе˶ʶǶԵĶ֣һλǸ޷Ĵߡ
̧һֻ֣ϳָ̯ķ΢΢һѹĶ
УЩԭҴܵǳͻȻ֮䶼ðǽţǳҵҡԭѾǳҵǳ֮һ̸ǳ׵Ľ뵽һֿ񱩵״̬ͬĪӵˮ̺֮Щ񱩵ǳ֮һ
ĪӸոնܹߵһǳԼβܹԱͻȻͷߵǳٴη䣬ǿ񱩵ǳ֮˲Χǳ룬˷ûκǵΧ
ľԪ̷ɵĪӵͷɢͬһʸеɫâĪεıС
ͬʱԪ«Ҳ̳ĪӵУһӨ͸ˮԪ«֮г֣ΧĪӵΧһӨ͸ˮ򣬽˰С
Ƿ·ûǿյĿǳ֮ˮ֮ʱǳƣĪľԪɢͬʸһĹâΧ޴ڵǳ֮ѹ£ʼѸٵƾĪӷĽУҲֹɫâٶȡ
ֱɫâˮɵĻУʱǿ񱩵ǳ֮һˮűˮֿ񱩵ǳ֮ƺһĿá
űˮסĿǳ֮Īо֮ɫ֪Լ֮ǰǸǳõͷѾˣλĴߣĲϧԴС˼΢ƽ⣬ֱӶˡ
ʱ֮Χǿ񱩵ǳ֮ĿʼƽϢˣһſҫǳ֮ǳʱ˹ԣƯǿС
ĪĿΧɨһȦһſŰƯŵǳȻֿķ
Ƭ񱩵ǳ֮ߣǿ֮УһſƯŵǳ֮⣬һʯоǿ֮зǳĸɾ
ղŵ񱩵ǳ֮ȷǲСɾˣ֮Ӧǵסġ
ĪӲ֪񱩵ǳ֮£˶٣һЩˣһ
УϳԼһ֮󣬼һƬϵıǳƽ
ѾоԼһɱ˲ɣͬʱҲĴߣҪƿռǰĻֹһ
ֻϧǿ֮УһֱϳҲǿ֮е飬ǳ֮ɱ˿ռ䣬ܹ׵ƿռ併١
żһƬžϳһĨȻ֮ɫüĴɫ΢΢һϹ⣬ͬʱ˫̧Ѿ׼һ
һιϳ׼ʩչȫһеˣһ֮ȫնɱ
ϣֹңаһϳüĴɫƣתٶȱøˣͬʱɫƵ룬ƺ͸һڹ⣬ء
üĴɫƵתڴռ䶼ʼŤͷ·ƬڱһֻεĴҪƬĿռһš
Ƭ֮еĪӣǳķԼΧռı仯ͻļѹУĪӸоԼƺڷŤ
Χһſǳ״ҲŤԭǲôԲΣʱǱŤŤŤģ֣һȥƺһġ
λߣ׼Ͼɱȫôĺ𣿡ĪʱѾȷˣλߣҪɱǣȫôĺ
ԷǳʲôԭĪҲûʱ̽ˣ֮Ҫ취סԼ˶ѡ


ʮ 컯
Īϵı֮ʵ٣Ŀǰ£пܱסģϯӦ֮⣬Ī¹ĵҩܽٵҲܱһĶ
öܽٵ漰˵Ĳ棬ܹĪһΣ赲һ˵Īӵĵ֮һˡ
ĪоܽٵЧöҩЧ˿Ļɣ£Īȴұ֤λߣ᲻һ֣֮ԼϵıסԼǾͱҪĵܽٵЧˣʱλ߻ģٷһιĪӿɾӲˡ
ĪͷľԪתͬʸе⣬ĪεĻУȴû˿ķЧΪʱ˿̣ҫ۵ⱾҲͬŤˡ
ŤķԽԽĪӽĸоһΣգûתĻô¾Ҫ֤һԼ֮Чˡ
֮Уʱ򣬲ٵ˶оΣеˣƴȫʩչԼѹ׵ıֶΣûκһ˷ȻԼҲ֪ôֻͽ޹ѡ
ĪͬҲʩչԼСͨľԪ𲻵ЧķЧĪܹ뵽취ֻԼСͨˡ
ĪӵСͨŸոʩչûмֵһʱ䣬СͨľͱŤ׵ѹ˻ȥûа취ȫչ
ߺɾĲ࣬ȫǵ֮ûκεĿɱԡ
ʱŤѾһ£ĪӸоһ˲䣬ҪٵģŤƻͬƬǿգһͬŤΪޡ
תˣӽһ̵ʱĪԭлŵһ˿תҲʧˡ
ͬĪѾûתϳʱ˫֮ȴһĨ֮ɫڼеߣѾһ֣ͬҪĿռ
µĿռдߵĹ£ȷֲ˶ãĿռƳ֮ǰһȴЩֹ˵ģΪĴߣҲڰа
ʱѾŤ£ʼѸٵȵƬһ̶ȣƬͬˣͻһΪޡ
һòһʱ䣬Ҳͻ᳾䶨ϳҪһ
һϳʼʱѾȴʱֹʩչһٶȣѾķŻˣҪŤôʱ䣬ֻ֮Ĺ򣬶ƬͬˣѾҷˡ
Ż˹ʱ֮󣬵ȻֹֻҪһĿĲѾﵽˡ
ϳѾ¶ЦݣºĺȻݺķǳĳأ֮ǰĹ˲ôࡣ
ǰƬ򼴽Ť£׵ıһ̣ϳϵһĨЦݣȴͻȻ֮ʧˣΪԭŤŵƬ򣬺Ȼ֮ͷ·Ƕһ㣬ȻһƬֹ״̬
ţϳͷͻȻһΣյĸоԭѾ˿ռ䣬ͱһǿǿе˺һƥĽӿռ˺Ѵ٣ֱնϳ
֮Уû̫һڵЩޣֽĸоϳնֻһּµķ֮У֮⣬
ȻһȴϳеһвС
ǳϤնˣͬǳϤΪǸ˵Ĵڣһݹ˼ɣҽϾɱֻܿһ
ƥĽϳие˾޴ѹԭƬǿգ˿ռɱ˲䱻ٻأǰһƬǿգǰ
Ȼɱܸոշӳһ̣ɱƬǿգͬһֽһ㣬ǵƥĽ˺նϳ
ڽҪϳʱϳǰռгһŲɫţǰɢ
Ųɫţϳȴûһ˿ȵϲã¶һĨʧɫ
վǳˣа̾һϳ֪ԼϣֵĽɻûг֣컯滹ؼʱ̳ˡ
ǵɢ֮󣬲ɫҲʧˣͬʱ򴦣ŤһŵĿռ䣬Ҳ·ʱ⵹һ㣬ٵĻָ˹
þˣ
ʱ̣վӭתĪӸӦɢŤѹ˿̵Щӡ
Լˣϵ֮Ҳûģʱȴǰ㶼˲
ɱĸоĪӲǵһˣһıǿĹУָоѾˣÿΪǿͻ֣ᷢϻǿˣԴ֣ʼ΢ѾˣڴߵУɲԼƿأܹԷԲ
ڸղţĪԭѾܵһвֱıԵ˻ֽٺ飬ʵôõģ飬ٴĪ˵кôġ
ҲȵһգҵΪﵽ˽ɾ磬ǸʱӦòܲĲٿɣĪа
ǿ֮УڸղǵɫŻɢ֮󣬵ڶûϳڶƺԷֻһĽѵѡ
ϳ֪̫һ沢ǳ֮󣬻ֵͣˣһڵѾ֤ˡ
ɵƬ֮󣬵ڶûн٣ǰĿռȴٴƿһѷ죬߳塣
ϳλһ֣վмλñĿ⿴ϳͬʱҲ޷ǿд
վλԵˣĿҲͬǳı䣬ϳĿУźεɱ⡣
ϳͬǰλܣȻ󻺻Ŀ˵ǿ֮Уɱң
Ļһ䣬ȻǰһŲ̤ǰǿ֮УĽŲ̤ʵһ˲䣬ƬǿնĻζһ£ͬʱɢϢҲʼ
ǿ֮У컯棬˭ɱңϳĽŲǰ̤Ҳٴ֮лż񣬿ϲϰθߵϢǰλ֪ܶΪǿ֮е飬ǿ֮ڣԷ˵仰ʸ
ϳĻһ䣬ԣһռѷ򿪣ͬʱһҲ˳
ԣܲɱ㣡
һ˴ӿռѷ˳ϴһͨͨĵɫݿᣬ㲻Ӣһͷڷɢţһ˫ǳ˫˸˵ĸоһɲѹȸС
ԿҲ֪жٳϳˣɫû˿ı仯ĿȴѾε䵽˶Էϡ


ʮ 
飡
Īֵʱвɵľ뵽š
Ϊ˷ţ֮⣬ܹЩŲУȻ׿԰쵽ġ
ܹһ㣬˹֮⣬ΪҪһ㣬űʵﵽ˺ЩŲеĳ̶ȣоͲòᵽһˣǾŵĿʦҲǰλɢͷͨȴѹȸеĴ顣
֮Уˣ֪ܶ嵽жλߣԲ᲻֪ڶ֮Уһ˵ֽ飬ͥˡ
Īʵ˼俪ʼһЩ伮֮Уж۵ȻǷǳĸߣǼ֮ʣΨһЩ̫ôľǣЩ伮֮У֮ôһ䣬ڶˡ
ڶˣѾһߵˣȵһˣȻԲģôۣԼҲ޷ΪΪһ˵ģΨһ컯档
ҲҲΪԭź̫һ֮䣬˴˳Ĵһ־Ĺϵͬĵ֮䣬Ҳǳļҡ
־һֱһֱȽԵľϣʱû̫鷢Ͼ⻼⣬ڲԲܹȡ
ĪԺлЩͬʱվǿ֮е飬ִһλϳڶԻ֮˲ͱýŵգоƺһӣλߣͻԤ׵Ķ֡
ʵĪ֮еĲ࣬ϳ֮󣬴Լͣʱ䣬ԭվŵˣȻͬʱ˶
ֻ黺̧֣ʳָǰָ̽·͸˿ռ䣬ôƽƽǰһ㣬ƺǹֵֻһ
Ȼôƽƽһȴǰǿգһֹı仯һ̲һ㣬ԸűȽԶһξ룬ڶԷָ̽һ̣Щ붼ʧˡ
űȽԶĪӿúǲֱ쳤Ҳ֮ḷ̌һоô죬ֱ۳̵£һָôϳ
һָҪϳһ̣ϳǰȻ֮ͳһž޴ǳֵҲͬǳͻأͷ·ǳһֱһ㡣
ǳɢҫ۵ǳֻ֮һͨǳǳ֮һͬһصĸоûдﵽǵ̶ֳȣָоѾɢǳ֮оǳˡ
ָ⣬ǳı棬ûʲôռ䶯ҡҲûκεƣĪӾͿǿǳָһ˲䣬ֱӻΪޣʧˡ
ǳʧûܹ赲סǰȥָָǰȥǳʧ֮ϳӰԭˣĹɻԭķ
һ̣ĪӿԭǿǳʧѾһƬǿգָУͷ·ǴһŻһ㣬ȻǸλãһƬ·ѹ˼µ΢Сǿգָ̽룬Ҳ֮С
΢΢һüͷҪջԼָʱѾ̽Ƭ΢Сǿյ֣ȴôջصģԵĸоһҪקֱۣ˿̾ͷ·ϵǿյ޷
ͬʱǿߴ̫̫ŴǹâȻͬʱһ¹һȵչ߾һ˲Ŵ£һƿǿյ棬ʱͿռľ룬ֱնֱۡ
վߵߣʱ׼֣ǳ֮ǰ̧Լһֻ֣΢΢һУĪӿУͷ·һźһ㣬ǽĹâڽӴĵһ̣ϢʧˣǱˣֱӱĨˡ
һӦµĹâȻֱ֮һ飬һΣûбס͵һ³˳
ԭƽǿպݺݵĶһ£ͷ·Ľǿնһ㡣
Լֱ֮Ŀ΢΢Ų֪ʲôʱ򣬾ȻϿյϳϣڱ
Ӱǿոߴϳ˿˫УһŹââɫ죬˴˾һͬʱҲڻںϡ
Ī˳ߣҲзתŹâϳԷеŹâ
ϳеŹâÿһɫĹâһŴеǳ֮˴˾ţںһУһϽɫâ
ϽɫĹâûг֣ŹâΧռ֮бһЩϸСѷ죬ƺѾܲסŹâ
һ̣ϽɫĹâϳĪӿǵĹâ֮䣬·𿴵ʮŴǵ̺Źâ֮Уâ֮ͬղһһԽ˾ٶֱӾ͵ǰ
âҲòӦԣ˫ͬʱ̧෴ķڶͬʱǰǿ֮УȻ֮·һ㲢۵ĺ
ǵϽɫĹâڵǰʱȴľһĺϽɫĹâƺҲûбһĺһĴٵ顣
ɵЩâǰʱȴʧˣâ֮ľ룬ʱʵֻں֮䣬Ѿһ㣬֮Ĳ࣬ȴû˵ֺ
ֱâʧ֮վϳϣҲ¶˼֮ɫ
ղŵһϳȻûƴȫҲóı£鲢ǵһνˣɺͶԷÿһν֣оԷֽһЩ
ղŵһԵĸоһνֵʱʵȻķȲ󣬵ǵ־磬Ѿǰٳ߸ͷܹһֻ΢һ㣬Ϊ׵ġ
˶ݵĽ֣ʵǳĿ죬ֻһգ۵ĹѣǶԶۿĪ˵ȴоٴܵ˳
λߵսûнɾǿսʱƺƴĳ棬ǶݵĽ棬˵ĸоǷǳƽ˿̻ϢеգȴԱƺƴĽָ
λ߶޵ĵպӦãĪӼȫǶ˵ǿܹĸоġ
ϳһ֮λ֮䣬ֶݵͣţһУһƴСʽӵͭ
ƴСֽͭǰһףƴСͭ뿪̱֮˲ͻһǧ׸ߵľ޶
ǧ׸ߵľ޶ǿ֮УʵԵжôľ޴󣬵ﱻ߶֮ɢƣȴǿ֮ԵΪۡ
֮ķٶҲǳĿ죬뿪ƣһգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ͷϳķͷ£֮УһͭâһֺءѹƣƺҪϳһסһ㡣


ʮһ ƫܵ
ŴͷµͭϳҲǱȽϤˣȻӦԵķʽҲǳء
ͷǷһǿյĻ˲両ֳϵǳҫҫ۵ǹ⣬ֵͭ
ɫĹâͭâǿ֮н㣬Ϣģÿռ俪ʼѣﲢûײһ𣬵ʱԵܣѾչֳˣ֮һ൱ĸо
ϳ΢΢˳һξ룬ͬʱüĴɫƣһεĿʼתվλãռ̷Ťͷ·һӴסڵƬռ䣬һֽһ㣬ŤƬռ䡣
ǣƾƬռŤŤش飬ʱȴ˿Ӱ죬ߵλߣóֿ֮ҲͬûܵʲôӰ졣
Ҿôһ£λҲͬʱһ̧֣һڰ⣬ֱ˴˽ϵһ֮ǿշ·𱻻ΪһƬ磬˲ָԵޱȵ
һλߣ˫ͬʱֻ̯֮У·̺ԴսΧһȦַ·Դս˴һ𣬻һɵԲһƬʼյأĪӵΪֻһۣһƺҪеĸо
λߣһ˫ͫףͻȻ֮˻ɵɫ˫۱ɫһ˲䣬ΧƬǿգͷ·һƬһ㣬Ҳ˻ɵһƬеЩǳΧһ˺ʱ򶼱úƬɵĿռЩ룬һַǳԵͻأС
λͬǴߵǿһֶ֣ͬζǷͬ죬ټλߣһλߣǳֵһ˲䣬ĪӾ͸оΧǿգȫİˡ
ϳߣǸоλĴֲֿѹǿ֮е飬ǿ֮У컯⣬ûܹնɱʱҲоѹ
ԭ赲ķͭǳʱѾϳȫݶˣǳɢǳ֮øҫۣһſǳѾ˻ӻϱӿһǹ⣬˶λߡ
ϧһǹ⣬ʹģƬǿգλһ֣ͬô׿Եסģλ֮УһλͲ顣
ǹ⣬ķͭڴɢͭâΧɢЩǹȫ£֮ͭС
ڰʱѾ䵽ϳǰϳһ̧ϽɫĹâһţһ룬ľͱڰⶴˡ
⼫Ϊڶϳĵһ̣̺֮Ѿ˳ֱۣһ˲ͷֽתһ֣ȥƲ䵽ϳϡ
һΣڰ⣬ϳĳ۵סˣϳһſǳʱ򶼿ٵζȫ۵˺ڰһڰεĵסˡ
ЩɱϳĿⲻɿһλĴߣһĨɱ⡣
ղԭܹסǵڰģϧֶβŸոճ̸֣ܵΧֶûüӦҪʩչĵֶֿΣ̱һߣǿд߶ҲûʩչκεֶΡ
ϳ¶λܺ޲ɱ֮죬ʱȷѡǾ̺ˣͬʱʼǳϾǿ֮ơ
ΧɵһƬǳ·𱻸һ㣬ϳһʱ֮侹ȻѵΪǿ֮е飬ֶҲ߳ϳǿƿΧûɵǿգǿеǳ֮
ҲʱΧǿ֮У˲ѿ˼ռѷ죬߳ˡ
λߣԶĪӿӰûκεĲһߵҲֹϳһôλһԸϳأԻĴߵⶼ֮е顣
˿ͻȻֵλߣڷǣȫûֵͣĴ㣬λ߻Żɹ⻷ĴߣߵĹ⻷˲Χǿգһ̣ǸոճֵλߣټϳһλߣͻȻǿ֮ʧˡ
齫̯֮һźϵŤתţһССĺڶһ㣬Ȼ˦˦˸ղżʧλá
ź뿪֮һ䵽Ƭǿգͷ·ĺڶһ㣬Χɢɢǿ
˵źǺڶӷǳƣĿ֮ȴɣĨ
ϳλʧ֮ǵ³ǿ֮УţҪԵģͬڶתŵĺ
⼸߸ոմһƬ·ʼյĿռ֮ĵһʱ䣬ٴ˹Щÿһϵı鶼ǳƽĸսֽҲǵԤ֮У⧲飬ҪӦҲͬ˿Ļš
ƬڶһĺλߣȻܽλôֻǸһ鷳УϳλӦԵıȽɣǺ𣬶ʣµߣӦЩǱˣΪ͵λ¸һͻȻ仯ΪޣֺܿĻָˡ
⼸Ӧֶεı֣ǸΪĸߵֻͣѾˡ
λߣûټֻ֣ǿŶˣһʱ֮ĬȻǶλ֮˿ڵ
֮ſʼãĵѺαżһսǿϾʱ仹еǣԽգУλϢŭΣոյλ֮Уһ΢Цſڣλߵò÷ǳӢмϻº͵ЦݣЦݣ˵ĸоȴǳļ١
ôϳȻҪƤͬʱֲҪˣ͸ҽ£һȻɱվǲ𣡡˵ϳĿ֮У̺źεɱ⡣
ϳҲͬʾĿĿ飬ֻҪǿ֮ڣͲẦ³컯֮κˣҴƽ⣬Ȼге
ϳѵʵҲҪǿ֮нնɱǿĵõ׷̫һŲʱԣջͣˣٴȥվҲֲһαأżЦĴĻҲ˿ջ𣬼ƽ˵
⼸λߵ̸ǿΧҲĪӵĶС
ƫܵģλĴߣĪӰԼס˶ԷòԱλߡ


ʮ ǿӲ
λһЦߣԱǸû˵侲ߣλĳ֣Ծƫܵġ
ĵȷЩˣһλ֣߳ЩһеնɱȻձֹˣҲһЩɾʵȽˣЩ̫Ŀǰ֮Ĭ
飬϶ǲưոݵģŵƽʱԲƫܣпƲǷڣƺô峹׵ıһδģͻ
Ȼ鷢ʱǱƲ֮һϳĴ߼ʱϵ˿Ӱ˵վǸǵЩȫ
ļλǻǿӲףǻʹգĪӿſ⽫ļλߣ
һҲλߣλվһģһλߣʵҪǿһЩ
ĪӾãкܴĿܣܻʹ˲֮ǿӲףĽҲˡ
⼸λߣĪͬʱҲûпսɻڽսԽǿߣ֮սһʱķֲʤսսҲӰ쵽λߵ̬ȡ
鿴λϴżЦĴߣϵı鲻ϲĿ³һ֡

һ֣ϴżЦλĴߣЦ΢΢һ˿ͬΪߣĴУҲʵĴڣ֮Ĳ಻̫һ֣˵Щջ
ѣڼ˵ȴ˸еĴ˵ȻżЦѾ÷ǳˡ
ûлشԷĻԭѾصߵͭʱȴ΢΢ɢ˹â˲ʧǰȻֵʱѾߵͷصͷ£ȻûκԤ׵ľͶˡ
̵֪ٶʵ̫죬ĴӦǶԷѹͲ뷴ӦһЦλߣȻվԭһƾͭ䵽ͷ
ͭ˲䣬ǿ֮УȻһȦȦͷ·ǸƽˮͶһʯӡ
ĪӿλĴߣվһˣͭҵͷ֮󣬷Ǳ
ӲԴĪӿԷǳȷͭʵˣҵ÷ǳأλĴߣȻڲܵ£ӲĳһҺǺεȿµǿȡ
λĴڳһ֮վԭûж֣ʣµļλߣλʱȫѾ׼ˡ
ղŵһ£ûóȫȴѾԼ̬ȣ׼ҪǿӲˣںλ߳еΪֱӾ͸˶Էһ¡
λ֮߳ǰͷһµߣȴһˡ
һֱϵļЦʱʧˣֱ̧ϾͷϷĻӳһȭصķͭ·ȭͷͭ·ײһ˲䣬ǿ֮ٴεһˮһȻͭ߸ߵȻĲٿ£»صߡ
̬ȼȻǿӲЩʵ˲ٰɣǾҿѵжٳĴ˵ͬʱΧһ⣬ɢһַ·بŲĵϡ
һֻ֣һԵͭϣͭƺɲ΢΢Уͭϵƣͭע뷨΢΢зƽ
Ķλֱ̧ۣ͵ǰһȭȭһɲǣǿ֮еĹâΪ֮һǵȭͷƺǿ֮Ϊһ⡣
һȭӳ·ɲǣַ·ã˲һʱҵĸоֱһȭûһڶĶڣһͭâʱҵĸоʧǿ֮ɫҲŻָ
ǿеɫʻָ֮ĪӷһдģǴĵġ
оλһȭڱ֮ͭһ
λ߶֣ϳˣҲȻŹֵĻᣬͬʱѡ˶֣һʣµߣӦҲǳѸ٣λĴ߶ֵͬʱǾѾˡ
գ֮Ĺ򣬼֮սһαˣһΣĴˣɫߣļλȫˡ
˴һ֮󣬼Ǵڽֵʱûôƴ󣬵ײɢ˳
λڵƬ򣬿ռ䳹׵ıˣһΣпսԽɣҲ޷ٱֲӰˣٵսŴߵһײȫ˿Ӱǿ֮и֡
λɵӰ֣ԭڽս˫ȻĬĶͣˣĿ⿴⼸λɡ
⼸λǿҲȻǸԱ˴˿ս׼ûӰ£Ĵսһ
ӽսʼ֮󲻾ã͸оƬǿյĿռ죬Ӱ쵽ǿٳս
λɾǿٵսͬһСռ䣬ֿռ֮λϿ٣ܳôڣڶʱڼΪȹ̡
ֿռսײܵӰ죬Ҳѻɵ룬һλǿʩչֶΣǾζ֮䣬ҪսһһҪֳʤ
ܹӰ쵽ֿռضǱȽɾǿҪǿڼλǿ߽ս֮ʱǾѾʶдڽ֣û뵽ǣ֮Ľ֣ȻҲӰ쵽ǣǵս
λͣˣԽǿҲӦǳѸ٣ʶڵ֮󣬾ص˸Դߵǰʮλߣ֮Ľ֣Щֵܹģ˵һߵĺá
˻ظӪλ֮УΪʵģҪ֮еλˣһս˵ǳҪϵĵ;ֻҪܹսʤ̲ô֮ǰһδս֮٣а취ܹڶʱڽ
һսŸոտʼãûȡκεĳɹΪλߵĽ֣ǵսòֹⳡΪҪĴս
жвʣʱԼҲ֪ĲʣڼλͲҪҪڶʱڵ;һֻ취ˡ
Ŀռڷٵ޸λԭҪ´һսΪôһȴֿ̬ǿӲλߣϵϢҲƽԻǱʱֵ̬


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ĪӿǼλɾǿߣע⵽˶ԷǲʵɫһδսĪӣܹµԷֲʵԭ
˿̣ԷٶĲʣҲûκεİ취Ĵ֮Ľ棬ЩɣֻվһԿš
ǲʣһλɣǴ˿ľǷŭˡ
λɾǿߵ۽ʵǺ֮󣬺ܿע⵽һǳɵ󷨾Ȼˣע⵽вٵɾ䣬ִ߲ûпĺۼ̾Ͳµô¡
ɾˣֻ˾֮УΪ͵һΣһֲǴɾ߹ģЩɾˣδΪҲһߣΪɣǽɾĴڣĽŻôɾˡ
һҪǵҪһ棬ǸٳɳĻᣬЩȴһʧô࣬ĽսսܺͿܻҪࡣ
зŭǿڵλɾǿȴ֪Ҳֻȥ
Դ֮ʵϵҲԽԽ࣬ǻԶԶûеܹһ֮սʤĳ̶ȣͱ˵ڡ
һһλߣһһλߣ͹ⵥһ壬߾ûȫһҪԸ֮⣬Ҫ壬ܲд֧Ԯˡ
ˣû˼ְɣ飬ڲǶֵĺʱȵ֮ҪĻʱ򣬲Ƕֵʱ򣬵ǸʱٺսһһҪֳʤλϵĽ⽥ɢȥ¶ǸЦ˵
ԣû˵ĿתϳɱǸʱᶯֵ̬
ϳĿ⣬Ҳû˿ųĿҲǳƽĿ飬ͬѡһԲ
ɸһһս鿴ϳ˴Լʱ䣬ͻȻڵ
Ҿǿ֮УĶȥϳɫ糣Ļش
ԶĪ֮ĶԻ黰˼仰սͬҲǳϳֻҶǿ֮С
ϳĻشҲѾˣܵôһССĳӰ죬ԼҲ׵뿪ǿա
ʵĪӾãûбҪ˵仰˵仰ͬʱʵҲıһ㣬Ǿǿ֮Уȷûܹնɱϳ¶̬ȵи
ԵĿСϳҲЩˣղŵ̬ܹôǿӲȻ׵֡
ϳ̬֮Եͭâֱͭâ֮Уɢһѹһе⾳ͬʱ̺һʵõ
ϳΧʱҲ֮Ĺ㣬ͷ·ڴǿգ˸ǳֻһĹ㡣
ɢŹâͭ΢΢תһȦӵ·һƺΪϵÿһƣ˸оޱȵ¡
ϳƯŵЩ㣬Ҳ˲ǰۣǰһɫ͸ԲֻСǻ۹Ĺ㣬ȫû뵽Բ֮УɫСԲз·һƬǿһ㣬ض
еĹ۽뵭ɫСԲ֮öɫСԲ򣬾ͻƮȥٶƻʵƵģֻգ֮䣬͵ĸǰ
ߣͬߵͭиոյǰĹȴʱ˲䵽ϳĸǰ֮Уһ˿һͣٶûУͷ·ԭϳһ
·ܹѹһеͭ˿̾ϳͷͭϵ·ݻĴɢĹâһ˲䣬ϳԭء
ûѾߵĵɫСԲֻǿٵһָָֻɢһɣôϳüġ
һ̣ϳͻȻоһĪΣУ֮ͫвϷŴָ⣬ٴƷһٵвͷͭʱչֳܣȫͭ˽⣬Ҳ͸ղŽʱչֳر
ϳԼһ˲䱻סˣܹܿѿµһʱ䣬ڵ˵һҲѾ㹻ˡ
ָ⼴ҪϳʱΧļλߣҲʶ˲ԣڵʯ֣֮Ҫס飬ʱһжѾˡ
ϳѾĸоָ⣬ǰ˴ѾüģһָЯѾʼ¶õȫڴӴĲ棬ĴڣҪ׵Ĩ
ƣʱϳԺ֮Уȴ뵽Դ鵽֮һһ
ոճֵʱ򣬶Ǻεɱ⣬Ҳôģ֮ݵĽ֣ĵһ֮⣬ļγ֣鶼ڹ׾ɱҲֻչֳˣϳϤ̶ֳȵܣȻλ߽֣ҲڽһչԼ
Ȼһе̵棬Ϊһ̣ӿռѷи߳ʱ˵Ǿ仰ԿܲնɱԼ
ϳ˼磬ٵĽЩһ飬Ȼ͸оָصĵ㵽ԼüĴ
ϳϽɫĹâرüĴǶƣâǷǳҫۣתߵƾͬҲеΣһ㣬ƴȫҪֿһǽȴǱһεѹ£â˲ͱðˡ
һָ֮£ϳüĴϽɫĹâ飬ǹεֱüĴƿһննʼǲϵɢɲ֮䣬ϳİͷ­Ѿޡ
ʱȴȻһȻ˼Ȼϳˡ
ؼʱ̣ĵԭ򣬾ǸղϳһǸɫСԲָϳü֮СԲҲĲߣһҲԳܣ֮İȥͬʱƲסб
ģߵĹȻǵɫСԲôҲ鲻ò˱ˡ
뿪ϳǰ޾ǹ⣬ʹǿ֮иѾʧȥ˰ͷ­ϳϻۣƯͷͭķ޾ǹĳˢ֮£Ҳ΢΢һ֮ѸٵĴͷ롣
űǹ֮еϳ̾һΨһһ䲻пܽնɱĻᣬջûܹɹ
վԶĪӣ˿̺΢΢ʶһ£Īûв´ղŲһ㣬ܹۼ֤һλߵ䣬ֻϧվǹܴɡ
޾ǹŵϳܿʹǹֳ֮ΣղѾΪ޵İͷ­»ָˣֻüĴתɫƣɫȴԵðһЩͬʱĿ⣬Ҳļɵ


ʮ ˳
ǿ֮еĴߣʱĿⶼ䵽ϣĿ֮Уÿ˵۵׶һĨ𺳣Ǹղλߣ˿ĿҲͬˡ
ǶǴߣղһĴȻܹеҲ֪һ֮ǿЩĽϳĨɱ
ڶĴ֮УϳʵҲܹŵǰеģǿ֮УʵܵС
ղŵһȻǳ䲻⣬ҹܴɣҲı¶ʵⳡ֮УûλߣʵʵĶ֡
Լ˿û˿ı仯ֻϳһĪϢȻղܵˣ˲ָˡ
Ŀ⵭ĿϳһۣȻ󻺻֣Ưߵͭ˲СƯġ
صһգֻȻȭȻĿµ뿪תȥֻһ仰
ϳһΣܲôˣ
仰֮Ӱʧǿ֮Уôɴ뿪ˡ
ʧ飬λߣ˿ϵļЦһˣöʵҪһ£ܹ䲻⣬ЩնɱϳǲǴŽҲһν֮УնɱĴߡ
뵽һ㣬λϵѾתΪأȻĿҲϳüĴǸתŵɫͣһʱ䡣
ǸɫðɫƣλĴ߷ǳʱϳ״̬̫ãҪһʱָ
ջĿ⣬λĴһԼɫһֱûô˵ߣȻ¶ǸЦ˶Էһζ񣬽Ųǰʧǿ֮С
Դӵ֮һֱһߣע⵽֮ǰǸζû˿ı仯ͬǰ̤һʧǿ֮С
֮ǰĿȴĿһʣµλߡ
ߵĴ뿪ˣʣµλߣĴ߱˴ĿӣȻǳĲƣǴҶ֪յ飬ʱôĻˡ
һʵô콫ݣǼȻѾˣʣǴҲ޷κεϳȻͬĽ֣λߣҲֻѡˡ
һڵȻҲԸٶˣϳҪʱָһ£Ǳһ뿪ˣʣµλߣҲ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ĴУһ˿һķȻ֣ƺҪʲôȴԵĴȰסˡ
Ȼƺ˵Щʲôλ߲ʧǿ֮С
ʧ֮ʣµλɾĸֱ˴֮Ҳûн֣ͬʧǿ֮Уһսգ֮ɢˡ
ƬѾÿյǿգԶĪȴףⳡսȻһˣºӰ죬ܳʱ䡣
ɴİ֣ΪѾɱϳˣ֮ǰµǾ仰ȴʹ˰ݣлᣬһὫϳնɱԽյһսȻˣݶԹȴѾۻˡ
˵˴֮ۻĶԹѾ֪жˣҲںٶôһʡ
ĪջĿ⣬ԼߵһſǳһʧأǳõĴѾˣʧ˲ٵɾˣĪڻ֪ʧж٣Ӧò̫١
˼ţĪҲ׼صԼڵǳθոһĪӾͷһǾڣЩҲԼǳڵλˡ
ǿóɵһƣЩǳͿٵƶλã֮ûκιɵƶ֮󣬼ϱ˴˼ײԼϳֶΣĪǳϵĿܣѾˡ
ûа취ĪֻȻصԼפصǿǳԭڵĵطΧѰһ£ȻΧѰңʵҲĻһǳͣҪ˶ãĸ֣ͻָǿ֮е󷨵ġ
صԼԭǳڵĵطһ·ϣĪӿһݹǿдЩ˴Լһ׼ϻԼԭǳˣɾĸ־Ӷ࣬ϵΪ޼
һս֮ɾ˲أ·ϵģϢҲЩ鸡Ȼ
ܻɣɾ֮еٮٮߣʵֶζ
صԼ֮ǰǳڵĵطĪ֮еûзԼ֮ǰǳΧһȦҲûзټ֣ҲӰ￴һİˣԷפصǳ͵Χ
ˣһǳϵϼգĸؽҪָֻ󷨣ϼ˵ɣѰһȦ֮ĪѡΧһ˵ǳʱڴ˴ͣˡ
һǳ֮ĪӾѡ˵طʼָԼĵķͬʱԺ֮Уһսջ
һս֮УĪӷӵ΢ģȷҲһЩĪնɱλɾս
ĪԭҲԳ֣߳ȻûӵĻᡣ
λ֮Ľս棬Īڵľ磬еǿ˼λ֮Ľ֣Ϊܹѧһ㶫ʱ
Īǳ֮һȥʮʱ䣬ҵ
ʱ֮УƬǳ֣һȺɾĸֲǿ֮д󣬼һǳһǳĲ鿴ͳһεʧЩ˵ˣǿٵĻָƣһʮʱ䣬ֵĪӡ
ҵȷ£ֻ߿ʧˣԭפصǿǳѾϲˣ֮⣬û̫ʧԼǰλɾĸ֣ĪӸɴĽԼǡ
λɸԣĪӵĿ֮Уɵö¶֮ɫ
һɾĸ䲻٣ʣµɣҲ඼ϴһЩˣȻĲࡣ
ѼȻûˣǾˣ߿ܵʧѲҪ⣬ΪһΣеɣǵĿҲʧˣǳڶӣѾ͸Ҫ黳ˣλĪӵһ˵
ó֮ĸ֣Ѿǣ⼸տʼ취²󷨣ԭפصǳϲûʲô֮ĻѾͲҪѰԭǳˣ
λô˵Īӱ΢΢˵ͷȻ΢Цλˡ
ߺĪ뵽ղ˵ó֮ĸ֣Ѿǣ׼²󷨣оͲɵһ˼
ȥǿûʲôҿ԰æĵطܹ󷨵޸ģӦܹѧٵĶ
ͷһĪ̾һ⣬ҲûԥֱӾǵķȥ


ʮ Լ
ǳɵ󷨣Ѿ׵ıˣΪƬǣԭλãҲܵ˲СӰ졣
Īٴǵʱ̱оǵΧɢǳ֮ѾûֺʹƵĸо
󷨵ıǵ˲СҪΪһôǣʱҪңңˣ
ڽ֮󣬿Щûȫ޸ˣĪӲɵ
Ϊ󷨵ĺģӦƬǿУΪ󷨱ܵӰһǳˣԭгһճΪһŴǵǣ֮󣬲֪ʲôʱָܻԶʧȥ˽ΪǵĻᡣ
սãǳ˴æŴʱĪʱǣȻ˲˵ע⡣
ܿ죬λĪӱȽϤĪӵǰĪ˵Īѣ󷨱ƣʱ䣬ָֻǿ֮е󷨣ҲһЩطҪؽĪûҪĻɷĪѹʱ
Ī˵λˣĪ֮ʼӴλˣ˴֮ѾˣǱȽϤ
˵ĻĪӱ̿˵λǰ֪ó֮ĸ֣Ľ²󷨣Ƿʲô԰æĵط
֮ҲͨһЩȻԱȲλó֮ǰҪȱ֣Ӧûܹϵģ
ĪӱԼ⣬λ󣬻һۣ˶뵽һЩĪйص顣
֮ͥУƺȷᵽĪӱȽó󷨣ܹóˮƽӦ㹻ˡ
΢˼һ֮֮һ˿ڵȻˣĪѲڴԺƬ̣ȥǰʾһ£ǷҪְæ
лѣĪӶŶԷͷл
Լæʲô˼λ˵Ȼܹ뵽æеһ棬һ棬ȻǴҪѧһЩˡ
λǰʱʵѾ˲˰ģҶɾĸ֣Ҳó󷨣ĪӼȻˣҲ㣬ҪҪĪӣҪλǰ˼
Īһԭصȴţһߺվߵһλ˽̸ӶԷ֪ʧ
һΣһʧ˰ʮλɣ֣ʮսһܹﵽ
Щ֮⣬ɾˣҲ඼Ǵˣʱ䶼ˣΪЩ˷ǳصЩṩϺõ˵ҩ
Щ˵ҩһʧɾĿܣ󷨱ƻ֮һЩʧֵҲͬơ
ս֮Уǰʮλɣλɾǿߡ
˽Щ֮ĪӸֱ۵ʶһʧǺεȵĲء
˴Լʱ֮󣬸ղ뿪λˣϴһ˿Ц⣬ĪӵҰС
Էϵһ˿Ц⣬ĪӾˣԼӦǱӦˡ
ȻλڻصĪ֮󣬾̶˵ĪѣɣǰҪ֣
ĪŶԷһл͸λ˵󣬺ܿϵһɽ塣
ĪӾ̿һɽɽһʮλˣȫɾϵĸ֣Щһ鶼Ǿ۾񣬽һλΧ롣
ЩΧλˣΧһƬСǿգֲǺ֮еǳǳרע
Īڵ֮󣬿ֳûг񣬶ĵվ⼸λɵ࣬ͬĿ⿴ƬСǿա
λ۾ֲǳˣȻλǰԷģ󷨡
ĪΧһܿҲͺΧһЩˡ
λǰݵ󷨣Ȼ֮ǰ󷨴ͬͬǳݵ󷨣Ҫ֮ǰĸ
ĪϸĿŶԷߵǿգйǳҪԭȵĶܶ࣬ԭ󷨣һһǧ΢СǳƬǿ֮еǳš
λǰƵ󷨣ԭȵ֮ͬΪĵģ֮⣬ʹͬˡ
µ󷨣ȻȡδսĽѵ󷨵Ͼͺнλǰ˲ݽķʽУһ󷨾ͱøιˣʹһ󷨱ƻ󷨵ӰҲ̫󣬸ᵼ󷨱
һ󷨵ĲȻøӸˣͬʱҲøǿǷǹҪԶʤ֮ǰ󷨡
ŶԷݣĪӵԺ֮УͬҲڸŶԷĽ࣬ϵݡ
Ӽ֮ĪӵԾοԪУ鱦ģȻûԭ첻״̬֮ʱǿôⷽһЩǿ
ƬõǿգĪӸտʼʱֻѧϰǰ֮ǰѾݵĲ֣ڿѧϰǰѾɵ֮ĪӾȻ˶ԷĽȣʼλǰĶ˳ŶԷϵݡ
ôЩַ£ΪĪӵٶȣʼձλǰһЩңһͷͶԷȫǲͬģĪӻǼԼѧϰķʽ
ȻԼŶԷݵ˼·ʼ޷ͶԷƼٶΪͼʶϵĲ࣬Īӵ˼·ͶԷƫȽϴ󣬵֮УĪӶ֮Ѿ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãλǰָһΧƯŵǿ֮еһſǳһ̣ȫɢҫ۵Ľ⣬˴˹ջ۵ϣȻֽЩ⣬һſǳˣɣ
ĪӿһĻ˫۲ɵ΢΢һղŻΪԷΧǿգǻֶ֮Σڿƺˡ
Ļֶ֮Σ֮ҲѴ߶ת󷨵֮չֳԷʹõֶΣѹģ󷨣ղһ˲䣬ֱĽ󷨴ݷһ㡣
ӵֶΣ󷨵棬ֱ̫ˣһԲѵˣܹͨһδεݣϵĲ©ȱٵԼ֮
ֶΣпǶԷСͨСͨλǰ֮ϵ裬ҲͲΪˡ
λΧǰ˿Ѿ󷨵ݣߵƬǿҲջˡ
λݵĹǶˣ֮ǳķλжѾھȥ׼һ¿ʼ󣬸ȥǳõλǰΧˣº͵˵
˵֮󣬿һվȺΧĪӣȻĪ˵ΪֱȽϵͣһЩûпĵط°ɣΪ㽲һ£
лǰ
Է仰Ī˫һһοǰ̵ĻᣬȻŹˡ


ʮ 
ȻɽɽĪһվǰλǰԷٴʩչղģǿյֶΡ
˴Ϊ𴦣Ҳ󷨵ĺģҪ󷨽ڵ٣ͬҲҪõķģж㲻ʶģһƬõǿеǳǰһ߶Īʵ
ûֱӿָĪӣǲʵķʽĪӶжķʽֱܹ۵ĿĪӵˮƽҲܹٵĽǰ󷨣ҪĪյĵطڸ
λǰʣĪ̿ڽԼûյЩָ˳
ЩģһЩǡԪ顷ѾмصģһûеģмصЩĪ֮ûգΪʱ䲻̫һܻʱ飬ĪӵʱѾõĺܺˣҪԪ顷ȫ͸ĿǰԶԶġ
ܹһλ֮ϵĸ̣ЩûյݣĪҲܹٵĽա
ǰԭѾҪָ㲻׼ɵĪʳ֮ȴķ֣Ī֮ϵĻҪеĺúܶ࣬ҶڷĵҲǳĲûпľȻֻеһС֡
ʵҲĪӵֵģɢ޳Ȼֳ˿֮ͥһЩ˶ǳĿá
һλ֮һȻСûŴеˣһëǾǻ㣬ѧĶȽңĪӵϣȴûзȱ㡣
ָĪ̵֮ǰĪӵҲǳĲЩԷһͨһ˸ָ󱲵Ȥ
ٿ󷨵Ĵڵ㣬Ҫ崦ڵӣ㣬˽̵Ȥ֮ǰҲ͸
⴦󷨵Ĳãǳ֮

һһ⣬ϵıԷ׳ѯĪӽİ취Щ֮УһЩ⣬Ѿ󷨣ǣһЩ棬ʵԽԽ
һ⣬ĪֻȫȫĻشЩڸտʼʱܹȽɵĻش𣬿Ĳ룬ĪӻشЩ⣬ͱԽԽˡ
Ī֪ôģǰλ󷨸֣Լͨһ⣬Լ֮ϵ裬ԣشЩԽԽĪҲ˼ţԼһ伮ͬʱԼ֮ԼЩ󷨣ʾ֭ĸԼĴ𰸡
һһḶ́һʱ䣬֮УĪӵ״̬ѾԽԽͶˡ
տʼʱȻȽרע˼ѹûô󣬿ɵ˺ĪѾûа취ˣ뵽ȫЩ⡣
ʱĪȫûע⵽λǰΧǿգ֪֮Ѿ˷ΧҲС
ǽϵ⣬ĪϵϢҲһЩңڷתٶȣƺҲӿ˼֡
ĪȫעⲻԼϵЩ仯ȫľ񣬶Ͷ뵽˽УͶ뵽˶֮С
ǰųѾ뵽״̬Īӣɵ΢΢ͷĪӵԣȻûʧ֮ԣĸҲǳȹ̣һʵڣĪȻֵ֧סûд״̬֮оѣҲһССľϲ
ϲڣѾˣôȥĪȻܹŵסǰȴĪӵĹͣ
һڽһĪӣû̲ʲôӦǿڽһشꡣ
ȵĪ˵֮ͻȻ֮ЩãȻΪûһ⣬ãȻı˴Լʱ֮Īϵɫ΢΢ķһЩ仯
ǰЦԼǰĪɫָ糣֮󣬵һʱŶԷһ
ĪӣлǰЯָ㣡
Ī״̬ʵ̫ãһصĸоȻЩƣУĪȴ֪Լĺôôˡ
ô̶̵ʱڣԼ֮ǰһ󲽣ұΪҲͬ˲١
ȥϢһ°ɣȻָˣȥæ󷨣վĪǰǰİõĪһȻº͵ĶĪ˵
˵仰֮ĪЦЦȻתξʧĪӵǰ
ŶԷʧӰĪһȻɴҲûȥԴԭ£ʼĿָġ
һλ󷨸ʽĴ֮ĪӶ֮ϵˣҲСλǰĴڷʽȻȽºַͣʽȴܿ鱻ߵԣѹҲȽϴ
һɾˣкĪͬľΪԪ⣬Ҳûа취ĪӼôãȻҲĪô
ĪӴָʱ䲢ûж೤ֻһҵʱ䣬ĪӾ˫ۣĪô̵ʱͻָˣĪ֪ԼӦȥɻˣ
ӦѾ²ˣԼû̫ʱĻָԼȫָ󷨵ĲöѾˣǸʱԼҪæˣͳһװռ˵ˣĪӲ
˫֮Ī̾ǿգһ뿪ǣĪַΧǳѾ˵λãǾŸΧȥ
һʱ·֮ĪһƬûбλõǿգҲû˿ԥͿʼƶЩǳλãǰ󷨵ķλС
Ҫƶһǳλãǿ֮УҲһ򵥵飬ĪڵΪһ㲻ǺѣֻǶٻЩȻ飬ڶѾ˺ôĪȻû͵ɣḶ́ҲʵḶܹ́ϤԼĿǰ󷨵ա
ǿ֮УĪɫĹâǰâǰһǳŲǳλãŲҪķλ
Ī߳һģ֯һѸٵĲǳǳλù̶ǿУңΧ죬Աߵһǳ
ЩĪӲǰһǳλðںãţĪֿʼŲһǳͬĹ
λĪѣ֮ϣȻм裬ȻΪΪԵʣŲǳ֮ʱԵЩλȴǷֺĽڵĲҲû˿⣬ֲøǰ
ǰ˵֮ͥУܵ˼λǰĿأһȻȷв֮
ĪЩʱ򣬺һξǿմλɾĸЦ
ԭҲһæˣƬǿʱͷĪӵĶԭ˻ЩģĪӵΪܷɲ׼ڿĪӸղŵж֮λ˶Īӵ裬Ѿĵͬˡ


ʮ 
ĪһǳλŲϣ׼ŲһǳͻȻ֮ȴ֣֪ʲôʱԼΧȻλˣٵŲΧǳλá
ĪӵĿոλˣоͻȻһѣһһٶ̫ˣѺһҶ˸ŲǳλãѸƷģ󷨽ڵ㣬ٶȿˣҲʡһЩ
һĪӿλɾĸ֣֪λǸղſЩŲǳλõӣԲչһֺ⣬ĪӵȻܾ
ˣлλչˣĪӴظ
Ϊ̸չ֣λ֮УһҲ
λɾĸְæĪӲҪѵŲǳλãֻҪרĵı֯һ󷨽ڵ㣬Ȼһʡ˲١
˱˴˺λɾҲ֣˵Ч˺ܴĪӶ󷨵˽⣬ԼڷĵգǸղſЩҪ̵Ķࡣ
ܿ죬˹ͬŬ£ΧƬǿյǳѸٵıгͣһĽڵ
ĪӺλɾָоȷʡ˺ܶ࣬˽Ҳûзֿһȥûɲõĵط
ڱ˴ϵĹУĪҲ֪λɸֵ˶ַǳɺϣȻͬһֲֵֻͬһ⣬һ壡
˲ɢ޳СųһȻһСŵĿ֮档
λΪ˴ֶͬԭ򣬿ʼʱ˾ú˼һȥ˼ĽͽˣƵһԺѡ
Ī˵֮󣬾һԵ֣ڴϣյ˹ƺ֮ܶ࣬ϣ˵ջܹļʣǲô󣬸Ҫ˵ֵ֣ĶͬȴͬǱȽϺ
ܹ֮ϣһˣұ˴֮Ϊ࣬ƢֻϣһСĸˡ
Īں˽̸Ĺ֮УĸĪһЩɾڵɾעͬʱᵽһ㣬ǸĪӣǧҪ佾꣬Ҫôżط࣬ʵˮɡ
ĸ룬ĪӵȻεļڵΪ֮ǰλǰָ֮ǰһȻûдﵽܹͻɾڵĳ̶ȣǾȴѾԽԽˡ
ɾڣһˣطİĪڶҲ˽һЩҲĲص㡣
λɾĸһ𣬳˴һЩľ֮⣬ĪҲ̸һЩ֮ϵļ⣬λɾĸ֣ҲоЩջ
ʱ֮ĪӺλɾĸֵΪǰλãŲһǳλãĪӽ󷨽ڵ֮ͬʱһ
ߣǴ󹦸ˣʣµطƻҪһʱ䣬Ǿڴ˵صȴհɣλɾеһ˵
Īһλԣ˶ǵ˵ͷͬ˶Է顣
󷨲ãҪǳԭߣһֻһǧţеһ֣֮ǰǳս֮б׵ƻˣԱҪĵطŲһЩǳЩǳ󷨵Χķ򣬿ܻҪղɡ
̶̵ļյȴʱ䣬˵ֻǷǳ̵ʱѣĪûн̸ֻǱ˴˱Ŀָһģ⼸յʱѾȥˡ
ʱ֮Ī˻ڴ֮УͻȻ֮䣬˶оһǿʶǿ֮̿ƬС
ͬʱ˫ۣĿ⻥һ£Ҷ֪󷨵׼˿ӦѾˣλǰڲ鿴׼ʶӦþǶԷųġ
ܹƬʶһһ̶ӵʱ䣬ʱڣǿ֮һЩǳλãѾϸ΢ĵһ£һЩ󷨽ڵ㣬ϸĵطҲԷ²ˡ
ȵԷջʶ֮ĪĿ֮вɵöһ˿ڴ֮ɫǳڴŽ󷨵Ĵݶ
һǳóɵ󷨣Ĵ󷨵ĸӺͷĪʱ׼ʱѾ̵ᵽˡ
Ȼ󷨵׼ʱ䣬ƺûж೤Ҳûжô鷳ǳôɾֵ£ÿһλɾ֣ǱȽó󷨵ɣЭһλ󷨸ֵܹô˳ɡ
飬ŵһ˵ϣһǲ󷨵Ѷȣȫֳˡ
Īڴ֮УΧǳڽس˱仯
ÿһǳɢǳ֮ʼǿǳϵǳ֮ʼٽǳ˴ӡ
ǳ֮£һſŵǳ˴֮Ѹٵزһϵһǳ֮·ǿ֮̿һŴŴĳ֣ķģҲΧЩǳΧ
ĪԵĸоŨǳ֮Щĵ£ʼۣǵķͬʱҲ󷨵ĺġ
ǳ֮󷨺ĵǻۣЩǳɢǳ֮âðһЩʱţâˡ
ԭΧһſǳΧķģʱƺΪǳ֮ðԭ»صЩǳϣ뵽ÿһǳ֮С
գЩǳɢĹâɰתΪ΢ǽǳ֮һ㣬ʱһҫ۵ǹ⣬󷨵ĺĿٵɢЩâðǳһſŵĵͬʱҲ󷨳׵ƶ
ĪӺԵλˣʱ򶼺һξ룬Ѿ彻սƬհ
ǰҫǹ⣬ǵɢǰֱǰλɵסǳĻĪ֪Ѿתˡ
ת󷨣һȥÿһǳɢҫ۵ĹâǳɢĹâ˴һγһûн߷Ҳӵв׵ķ
֮ǰȣÿһǳеλÿǳ룬зʽȻԴһЩ˵ĸоǳ
Īվ￴Ƭ̣ת֮󣬺Ͳ֮ʱӣЩģһſǳڲǽֹģǻתţֻתǰռȶĹ켣ת
߰ɣ󷨵ĲĪѵһ࣬ĪѿҪҶյĶ࣬ѾתˣĪѾվ￴ˣЩȫȻص˵ɣĪߵλ˵˵ʱ˵Ŀ⻹һ۶
վλòȫλɵΪܹоһڿš
ĪԣҲŶһۣԼҲڱ˶ŵĸоҲûж˵ֱӵ˵ͷλһ𣬽²ɵڡ


ʮ 
²õ󷨣ת֮󣬵ȷ֮Ϊ󷨵ĲߣĪȻûа취ƿ󷨣ƾŶ󷨵˽⣬Ҳܹõһͱ˵·ʱ˲١
ĪӺλɻص֮󣬺ܿͼǰͬʱ벼ɸ֣Ҳصǡ
Щ֮УֻĪһɣȽۣԲٵɣĿⶼɨһۣҲû˵ʲôг˴ĺ֮⣬ûʲô顣
Ĳ󷨲Ȼм覴ãֻСҪҲΪʱĹϵûа취ϸϸĲ͸ÿһǿٲһ󷨣ѾɵһԲοǵ֮ӦЩģǰЩˣɷǳº͵˵
һ˵ţٴγƬõǿգȻָ㣬ָõǿ֮Уԭõ覴õĵط
ûָ˵λ˵⣬ֱֻӽָ˳ôԼȥԺ֪ԼˣȻҪ
Īû뵽ص֮󣬾Ȼõλǰָ㣬һ֮ϲ
ϸ˵һڲ֮ʱڵ©֮ǰֹܿͣ˽⣬õǿҲٴɢ
֮Ȱͬʱ˺ؾа֮ģͬʱо֮ľˣ֮ߵóԶõǿ֮ǰĳ˵һ䡣
˵仰ͬʱĿҲڳλϻһȦվȺΧĪӵʱϲɵöһĨЦݡ
Щ֮УȷܲģΪõģȴĿǰΪֻɾĪӡ
֮ԶĪӿãΪĪӵԣҪһ㣬Īʱı֡
Īӽǿղʼǰע⵽ĪӵΪΪֻɾڵĪӣʵԶԶʤͨɣǳλȻЩ϶ܹҪһ˿
ЩʱĪ״̬ʵûлָѣȴ֪ԼӦʲô̬ȣǰǳ͡
Դÿһʱûȱٹţܹڴ֮;ߵĳԶģԶԶܹģҲĹ֮
һĳĻ֮ǰûмЩɽһʧԭء
ڶԷ뿪֮еŶԷ뿪λùһȻҲ½½ɢˡ
λתͷĪӣЦҶһصûɣǰ̬ºͣʱָ󱲣ҵȻȻǸˣ
Īԣ˵ͷЦЦû˵ʲô
ʱҲûʲôˣ󷨵еĻĪҲʱ뿪ˣȲһǳúõıչһʱ䡣
һսĦλ߽սջ֮һջ񣬻һЩջĪҪЩ׵գΪԼΪĽ
Ժ֮УУҲеҪһ£һԼڸֶΡ
ŶλɸִǱĪӾ뿪ǣ׼Լԭǿǳ֮
ǳɵĴѾ²ˣĪԭפصǿǳͲ֪ˣԭǿǳڵλãڸպһǵǳĪ׼ţĻ˵ܼھӡ
Լ˽ıĪû̫ʱ䣬ͻصԭǿǳڵĵط
ǿǳĪûϸܵ˵ϢǾֱ䵽ǳϣٵĽסͽ״̬
ĪӵΪΪλǰǰĴڣǰһСʱĪʱչһ£ջԲֹˡ
ȻڿʼչҲһ㶼
ǳϱչ˴µʱ䣬ĪϵϢǿһЩڵķͬСȵ
ʱĪ˫ۣʽͲ׼ֱչǱ޵ķʽˡ
Īӽһʱ˵ĸоǳУԼµ֮һôŪһʯȻָֻԼΡ
ÿΣĪӾͻóðŵķʽеʯϣп¼һЩݡ
¼Щݣ򽻽紦֮󣬿ЩɾϵǿߵĽսĻ棬ĪӾܵĽЩ汣֮С
̣Ī˵һУҪԼ֮еĻȫԭǲܵģǻͻԭʱĪӻᷢЩڽս֮ʱһЩϸ΢֮֮ǰûע⵽ġ
ĪҲһ⣬ǾǽǿߵĽ֣Ļԭ¼ΪԼ˵ͦջģɴߵĽ֣ջȴȽ٣Ϊ˴֮Ĳ̫ĪЩЩߵֶΣ͸Ҫ˵ǲοѧϰˡ
ڿ¼Щ֮ĪֽλǰָʱʵЩ⣬ԼĴ𰸿¼С
Ҳ֮ϵ˲ٵԭĪӷ֣ʱǰԼЩ⣬ԼĴ𰸣ʵЩôȷģϸ֮Щֻǿشˡ
Щ̫Ĵ𰸣Īϸ˼֮󣬶¸˴𰸣¼֮С
Щ飬ĪӴһµʱ䣬ٶȲ죬һµʱУĪЩ飬ûпȥķȴһЩ
һʯϣĪһֳֻԼͷһֻһö򣬽Ҫ¼ɺĪӽöȻ󻺻ֱӣ̧ͷһͷ̫̫ŴǣĪԵһ
Ҫһδս֪ʲôʱֻῪʼôˣĪӿ˵һ䣬Ȼ˱÷ǳļֽ̌īȺľԪɱ˳
֮ҪųжȣĪЩһµʱ䣬ҲǸԼһ΢һЩĻᣬЩˣĪӾͲôɢҪץʱ䣬һδսʼ֮ǰܵһֶΡ
γ˿һδսӦҲһ֮²֮ûҪһЩ׼Ĺ׼ʱԲ̫
ĪӹƣȵԼµĿʱ򣬲Ҫ¿սˣڼ䣬ҪһܻеĽ
еɱǳĲֻһɽĪӶڷĵѾ˲٣׼ȼһɱֻҪһɱܺһɽսܹ١
ԵĻĪӵȻϣܹԼɱڶɽɵɱ֮󣬼ѶִˣĪҲұ֤Լܹһδս֮ǰɱһɽֻܾܵһ


ʮ ˮ
ĪϴһĨϲ֮ɫƯԼǰתŵľԪ顣
Լɱ֮УĪȼڶɽľԪ飬ԭǳļ򵥣ΪľԪҪһЩҪԭǷĲʡ
ľԪǾĪƵģõĲɲģڼ֮Уڲϵơ
˵īͬʱڲϵƣԶԼѶȣҪľԪһЩ
ĪӶԼīǷǳصģҲΪһСģԼҪ¼ѡȼľԪѶȽСɱҲԼϤһ㡣
Ѿ˵ڶɽľԪ飬ɫøӴɫΣת֮ʱֹâܹо̺ľ֮ϣҲࡣ
ĪӽǰľԪͬʱҲЩ̾һμһɽʱ䣬м䣬Īо˿ڵǳϢ΢ЩϤƺ֮ǰһֱӴλɸ֡
λɸӦĪӵģ˸оĪڼԲûѡţֻ΢ͣƬ֮˾ѡ뿪
ĪӹƣλǸͿܵģζţ֮䣬ܿҪʼսˡ
ϧīʱûʱˣĪ
ĪӽľԪɫͻȻ֮һ䣬ȻĪ˵ϣɢһϢϢڶ⣬ַ·ǴԪɢġ
Ϣĳ֣ĪڵķҲתһɫĹâ
ĪѸٵڵϣʶԼʶ֮УԼԪڣ΢΢ɢŹâԪ«Ī֪̾˷ʲô顣
Ԫ«֮УһˣԪ«еʮĵԭĪӹƣӦóˣǲ֪ʲôԭȴʼղôһ㣬һֱûг׵ĳΡ
ÿһĪΪݻٶȶӿ죬ÿһĪʱͬһЩȴʼûݻɹû뵽ĪӽľԪڶɽʱʮĵͬʱҲݻɹˡ
Ī֪˿̵Ԫ«Ϊɹݻһ˲Сȴûʱ鿴Ԫ«׻˶ΪܵԪ«ɢϢӰ죬ĪʶѾ³뵽˹ͼ֮С
һΣĪӵʶ뵽ͼ֮УûлΪޱˮ֮еǸʶ뵽Ƭޱˮ֮С
ĪڸеԼ״̬ǳˮһƬޱˮܹͷգķܹ֮ܲ䣬ǿɢŹâĲ
Ī֪ԭԼӦΪһǸƬصĶ
ƫƫԼһˣµޱˮ򣬳Ŵˮ
ԼתĪӺܿͽˣΪƬޱˮͬҲǳϤҷǳϲ
Ƭ֮Уӵеľﲢ࣬ͷܲǳգʵֻǺһγɵģʼӵеģǿŲƬޱˮˡ
ĪһʱͺϲԼޱˮ鲻࣬Ƭޱˮ׵ʣʱ΢΢ʵҲһ˼顣
Ϊˮ֮󣬺ĸоǲͬģĪӾԼûΪһʱôĽӲܿĶˣƬأĸ֪ΧڣȻǵֻЩǿ羰ĽǶȲͬˣķ羰ȻҲͲͬˡ
һʱôĽӲˣڵȻоԼأƶȴƺôѵġ
ĪҪԶһ£Ƭޱˮپ̼ӿˣҪԼĶٴһ㣬ƽˮϣ΢΢һˡ
ǳ棬ĪӲɵּӴԼķȣǣˮ˲̾ͱøˣɵĿŲˣԼҪò˳ֵĵط֣ĪãֻҪԼԸĻĲˣȥ֮еǳ
һƬ߸ĴĴǿŲϣǿôĻζһ£ͬʱƮһƬҶӣλƵˮС
ĪӿƬƮҶӣˮˮƯŽԶȥǿòԽԽԶȴʼնԼĻ֮С
ҶӣĪӻһʱ䣬ÿһƬҶޱˮĻȻޱˮգ»ϣ
ĪƬޱˮ飬ھҪˡ
ţĪӾͽƬƮԶҶˮ£ƬҶϵ³ڲ³Ĺ֮УƬҶӴˮе֮ıͬΪеһӡ
ĪͻȻһָжԼΪƬޱˮʱ֪Ƭ׵ޱˮ򣬵ǶôΰͬҲһУһƬҶҲܹΪƬޱˮһ֡
ˮˮĪӴ˿ͻȻ뵽һ仰ҲΪ໹ǵõݡ
Ī뵽仰֮ͻȻоԼʶֿʼ仯ˣͻȻֳ֣ԼƬޱˮ򣬵ͬʱҲ³ΪԼϤǿò
һ̣ƬޱˮĪӣǿŲҲͬĪӾԼ񳹵Ƭͼ֮еأоƬͼеأԼϵޱȵĽܡ
磬Īӣ˿ɫĹâǳҫۣͬʱϵϢҲڿٵİθߡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Īӵͷ֮ϣ·һڰɫĹâ֮г֡
âǳֱߴһŵľһ㣬һһ죬̲죬ҲǷǳĻ
âٶȣϺĪϢٶȳȣĪϵϢһ̶ȵʱͷðĹâٶȻ֮ˣȻԭֱϵĹâɢ
ɢ֮Ĺâ֮УԼճһͼһƬޱˮһȥͷƬޱˮ룬һɫĲ籦һ㣬־Ө͸ĸоϵ֦ҶҲͬˡ
Ųϣһſǳƣͷ·ǽĹʵһ㣬һЩܿǳķţԵض
һЩõĻ棬˶̶̼ʮʱ䣬ͽĿʼʧˣĵϣʧֹ֮һʱʧ
ʧĪӣϵĹâҲؿʼŹâĪӵϢƽҲ˫ۡ
Ī³һӦԼһصķĪͻȻеֲʵУ֮ǰԼɾڻһξ룬ɾôһĹԼôͻˣ


ʮ Υ͸
û뵽һξȻַʽͻƣĪվԼעתƵԪ֮е鱦Ԫ«С
ĪӴǰȻսֱӵİȽ٣ĸ棬ṩ˾޴档
Դʹ鱦ԼںĪӺԪ«֮䣬Ѿܲɷˡ
ĪÿһΪԪ«һ㣬鱦
Ͼ鱦磬ֵʱ仹Щ̫ˣΪֹûô˷ʶ鱦һĴڡ
ʵ鱦֮еݻٶѾǺܿ죬鱦ܷӵģһĪΪһ鱦ǿȡ
첻⣬γ鱦ߣĪԼƳģΪͬʱһĪӵĸʱԽãǿȵȻҲԽǿĪӵΪԽߣ鱦ҲԽ
鱦ݻʮʱĪʵѾ֣鱦˺ܴȵԭڵʮʱĪڴŻʱ䷢û뵽ʱ䣬ջ۵˵ʮĵų֡
ʮĵĳ֣Ԫ«ĪӵһηҲĪӵһλԵͬĪҲܺõץסλԵˮɵ̤ɾڣͼԻ˳
ĪӸӦԪ«Ԫ«ݻʮĵ֮󣬳ԭеĸõõ˼ǿ֮Ԫ«֮УһƬСռ䣬ƬСռĳ֣Ԫ«ɱ֮͹Գˡ
Ī̯Ԫ«У֮ǰû˿ı仯Ƿӡ
еԪ«Ī΢Щ죬ΪԪ«ڳֵɱ֮ܣ뵽ǰһЩ˵бȽķ˵Ͻ«ƿȵȡ
УԪʶͷһ֮УΪѪˮǺΥ͸УЩǰ񻰴˵֮ķĪЩ
ĪԺðһ棬Լ˶ԵеʱóԪ«ŶԷһ䣬ĳĳҽһҴӦ𣿡òЩ
Ԫ«ܣʵ֮ǰѾˣֻ֮ǰɱЧȽһľԡ
һΣŵʮĵĳ֣ԭԪ«ֹЧΪɱֶΣˮһ漰˵Ĳ棬ֻҪĪӲ಻̫ģ޷ѡ
ǻֳһƬĿռ䣬Ϊɱ֮Ԫ«ˮĵԥһ£Ԫ«֮УֳһƬĿռ䣬ĪССһ¡
Ԫ«ĸˮƽʱȡһЩһƬռڣȻ˾ͲʹЩˮ٣ҲһȻҪõʱκεӰ졣
ĪԪ«ϸһ۲ݻɹĵʮĵĿǰΪֹݻ˵ȽѵһͬҲЩڲͬһ
µĪӵĸоƺҪ֮ǰӸһЩҲӵԣɽƵķУĪܹϳ٣ȻиĪӺͲʶġ
ĪӾȻһԼˮ֮Ĵ
һʱ֮俴ףĪҲû⣬һԼڵΪܹ͸鱦Ҳôˡ
ϸĹ۲ţĪͻȻ֮оϤϢڿԼһеԪ«ͬʱĿ⿴ǿա
ûãȽϤӰͳĪӵ֮У֮ǰһֱӴλˡ
ˣλ֣Ḭ̄һ
λˣ֮ǰɱʱѾһˣǸʱûдٴιĳͻҪʼˡ
λѣĪЦǰӭ
Ī񣬽Ҷ˹ĪͿܵģ֮ǰ·ʱ򣬵ڼɱҶ˾ûдţĪѿºܿҪˣԲòλڼĪ֮˵Ŀ֮ͬʱһĨɫȻһ˿˵
һ˵ţһó߿ܣһһС֮ǰĿ΢ЩͬһЩĶġ
ڽ߿ܽĪ֮λɸּ˵߿΢һЩĶĪѾϤһ£ƾ죬ĪӦþͻõϣ
лλѣˣĪ΢΢˵ͷ
ˣҶ˻飬ͲˣϲĪΪͻƣˣλ˵֮󣬱תǿա
λ뿪ıӰĪתͷһߵ߿ܣ΢΢̾һ
֮ǰԤһһεսûмܳʱ䣬ĪӾԼʱЩ̫вٵֶҪҲһЩҪ֤ʱȴôԣġ
ˣս֮ЩֶΰɣĪֻ
ڽʼһսĪʵЩԼǰսԼΪͻƣ鱦Ԫ«ִˣĪӻԣڵԪ«жô
뷨ĪҲֻѣ⼸δս׻ʲôĪҲЩûףرǼʼһսԿ֮һηջʲô̶ȣĲ˵
ʱ򣬻ǲҪյĺãսĻ󻹶ǡ
͹߿ܣ֮ǰĿȣֻССĸĶһ£һЩµĪϤҲܿ졣
΢Ϥ߿ӵ֮ĪҲûнֱӽԪͷУһԣһսĿʼ
Ҳ֪֣ˣڵȴĹУĪԼھ֣Դϴһս֮󣬾Ҳûм
֣ʵȻɾ֮Уر𶥼һˣʵӦҲǲģԲڴս֮ɣӦþܵˡ
ĪԴϴδս֮ӹ÷ǳĳʵм˸Լһҷɵʱ֮⣬ʱǳĽգҲû̫λھӣھһսĽ棬ʱĪȴ뵽λЩھӡ
ԷʱڵĻ¼˶ԻҲ൱֡
Īӵȴʱ䲢ûж೤λɸ뿪֮󣬴ԼʱңĪӾ͸о˽ǳɢŨǳ֮ΧǳӦĪӵʶҲ֮Уͺԭһ߱ϵİθߡ
ĪӵߣҲһʼʩĪӵˣʼսǸԶҪô
֮ǰǴսͬεս֮Уɾ˵İţ֮ǰҪ򵥣ֻǸǣǼԦܣֱӳ򼴿ɡ
ĪЩ⣬ת֮ˣףɸֵ˵ԭ
ϴδս֮ʧôɣͬʱһˣ뿪ĽʣµɸĲ̫ˣһɴֱӳ𵽸ǣá


ʮһ 콻ս
ЩŹְһôûһɸֳأ
ǿ֮УĪӼԦµĿܣΧǳ֮һȦģؽ󷨵Լٵķͬʱ֮еߣһ
Щ֣սѾʼˣһɸ֣Ѿǰֳط࣬һսһȴûκһսվǳİ
ģһɸʩչ˼ԶԶĹ򣬽ǵĹڿ֮󣬾ͱ󷨵סˣһλɸʹɱɱڽķΧֱ֮Ӷʧȥϵ
һɸ֣һ׼Ÿǿһ취̽һʵĿǰΪֶֹζסˡ
ĿǰЧķɼԦĿܣ򣬿ܷ̽ʵı󶯡
󷨵İĪڵ彻սĿհ׵شʱ򣬻ûжٿܵǰĸλɣеĸɷɽϵ
һڴʲô⣬ϵĹûģƲķܹ¶һЩţһĸ֣Ҳ֪ôˡ
ЩֵĶĪӻͷһʵһ²õ󷨣ͬŹЧǳɵ󷨣ĹֶΣǷǳǿģһûжֶΡ
ĪıȽϿ죬Ծͳ嵽ǰ棬ֱķȥһЩɸע⵽ĪӼԦĿܣ׷׽һֵעŵĪӵϣͬʱʶĽ䵽ĪΧΪĪ΢ṩһЩ
ĪӵҲһЩһķȥȴûѡ񳬹Īӡ
ܼԦſܿ򣬴ǱȽϽģͻȻһЩʣ˳ǰĪӡ
ĪʵȽɣԦ߿ܵԪͷɢҲ߿ʧҲûʲô⡣
ⳡսգһۿžè壬Լһǰ߿ˣԼҲ˳ⳡսüֶΡ
Ȼ΢Щ͵뷨ʵĪҲͦСĵģھһԽԽʱĪӲͽϴǾ߿ܣٳ˾޴ľܣεĻǰȻٵĳ˹ȥ
ľһҲ΢΢ĶһЩҪƵĲ֮Умһֽϣľܵı߽ǣľܸӼˣ봦һֱȽĲϣһöİ̡
ĪӲݵ߿ܳ˲䣬͸оһβƵǰ·һεǽڣ޷ȥ
Īݵ߿̶Լαݷ˹ȴ˿ûа취亳
Īע⵽һǾεıݣڲ΢ζŵģԭΪλɵĹʹεıѾʼˡ
Ȼ֮䣬ĪӶһһָע⵽ǵͨ󷨸ǣǲſܣһԶܡ
߿ܣĪѸٵĶһԣЩܣҲĪӣٵĶ㵽һԡ
ЩȫܵһԺһ׳Ľ⣬һǿ𵴵򴦣䵽ǰ
֮һǵεıݣʼҵȻ֮䣬ǵεıݣͱһȱڡ
ʧĪӵϣ̲߿ܣӽȱڣѸٵĽڡ
ԭĪѾ׼ˣȱڵĵһʱ䣬ͻᱻĸɱɵĪӽȴûеõ֮еĴ
ĪӽȥĿܣڽ֮ҲЩ㶣ĪһǰҲûκεĵˡ
΢һ£ĪӺܿоΧʵûκڵģֻǿȽ٣ʣµЩϢǳѡ
Ǻ˾ϵ壬ȻֻôĪӸӦΧ˾ϵ壬ܹƺֻжʮʮ壬ҲΪά󷨵תڼǼԦЩܽʮ嶼
һѡ˺󳷣Ǵ뿪Ƭ򣬳˵ĺ󷽣һ壬ǳ˹ƺ׼ս
Щ֮УһϢﵽɵĳ̶ȣȽѶԸʣµģҲֻ˼ս
ĪӷĶãеٵͬ󷨣֪һָߣȻõǾܵЩ塣
һλɾĸ֣ĪԼԸЩܣڼԦ߿ܣҪԸһλɸ֣Ĳ󣬾Ŀܰ½ҲǹǺ
Ȼһָˣǣͷ޷ʧ߿ܣ˵Щ׼뿪壬ƾĪǣڿġ
˽ӵʱżλɼԦĿ֣ܳҲ˵ǰ
Ϊ׵һλ壬Ӧһ飬ϲŨǳ֮ϰΣ°ֱһƵ״ٶȷǳĿ졣
ɾڼĪӵ˼Ԧ⼸߿ֱܺӾͷ˹ǰһӣΧǳ֮һֻ֣ٵĽһ߿סȻһֿ񱩵ķʽӲؽǾ߿ˡ
ĪӼ״߿ܣо޴ľֱǰ˦˹ȥͬʱ߿ܶٵ忿ͽСǾ߿ܣűȽƣٵĿɾ壬˫ֻѳУһΪһն
ͽϴǾ߿ܣ˫˦һǰͨذ׳̵ĽС
ĪһϵеĹٶȷǳѸ٣λɾ壬ӦȴǷǳףֻǲΧǳֻ֣֮׾ٵľͽĪӵĹķˣԦĿܷĹͬˡ
ĪӸ׼ͻȻ俴ɾֵĶĪȴоЩ̫ԾԷղķһ߿ܵʱܹһ߿ܳ׵ĻٵȴԺͷһֻǽǾ߿ķɣеԪͷûд㡣
ЩƺҪ뿪壬ǵϢȻʧˣЩʧľȴЩ̫Ծûȫ뿪Լĸ֪ΧͻȻʧˡ
Īӵγɵǲεıݣʱó׵ıˣλɸ֣ڿٵж
һ̣ĪͻȻһ˿֮УĿٵɨһȦϸ۲һſǳȻ֮䷢֣Щǳһ˵ĹŹ֣Ҳ֪⣬ǣǾÿЩŤ
ֱŤĸоôǿңĪҪϸķֱһ£ȴоһ£߿֮еԪͷһ̱˳ȵĪӻָʱǰȴһӰ
Ͻۣ֮һſŽɫǳ׺ݷǳ信üĴһɫƣƺڻתš
ϳǰ֮ˣĪﻹϲԷݣĴϳ


ʮ ϳ£
ϳ
ǰϳʱĪ̽һ£ת˲֮䣬ĪӾ»ָƽΪڼϳģֻԪͷѣһԪͷʧҲν
ǰϳͬҲֻһԪͷ
ֻߵֶεȷǲ򵥣ϳڽԪͷͬʱҲʶʱһ£ֻܿǰĳ档
㣬ʶ𣿡ϳĪӣǳƽʵֻڵһ˲䣬ĪӵĶУȴͬԵĵĿһ㣬Īֱ˵滰ĸо
Ī֪ϳ仰˼Լ֪֪ݣѯԼǰΪʱǷʶ
ϳʶĪʵʵĻش
Īӵ仰ϳһĨεʧԭһЩܹѵ뷨ڿȻǡ
ǰ˭ȻشЩʧϳŻһ䡣
һûг͵ùĵùѣĪӼش
ĪӵشϳҲ΢΢һ£üִ𰸣һ֣Ȼ֮С
ԭ£һ㣬𰸣ЩҵϡϳĪӣĪ˵
ĪһλתϵѺãǵжԵģп£ĪӣĪ־Ͳô˵ˡ
ûгֱͶ̥תˣĪӶ²̫ͬһҪ£ĪӣԤ֮УҪӵĸӡ
仰ĪӲû˵ʲôֻǼϳȴ
ϳҲûĪӵȶã˵ǿû̫ʱ䣬Ҿֱˣ黹ڣˣ֤ݣԸص壬ҿ㱣֤֮УԻܵӣܹõģҲҪĶࡣ
лأȻѾͶˣҲòûбѵĵĪԣֱӱԼ̬ȡ
ϳĪӵĻֻĵͷȻĲڿȰ˵
ϳȰ˵ˣĪȴòĿѯһЩ飬УǿյģȻ׼һ׼ģһ֪
ɷðһ䣬һε׼Ը壿Īӿʵ
ϳԣĿ⿴ĪӣޱĿڵҾͲˣܿ죬ܹʱһȻ֪ˣ
˵仰֮ϳ̧ͷĿת˸ߴȻ˿ദĵطߴκεľĪȴãϳĿ⣬ƺǿա
㻹ǵĵط𣿡һ̧ͷŸߴϳٴֻһ仰УƺһЩ
ǵãĪӴŲµϳҪ˵ʲôȴûȫŪҪ˼
Ǹط𣿡ϳĿŸߴĪʵ
ˣĪԣǰӣǰǸ磬ӿܻڰɣ磬ȻǲڵģԾش
ϳĪӵ𰸲⣬һûгֱȥͶ̥飬ĵطѾҲӦõģⷽأͲ֮ʱˡ
ȣҾҪ̫ˣⷽҵǿգӹһֱڣֻϧվǲһԵܹ絮꣬컯֮УҲӦһλðɣϳƵȻƽһλ֮еԱøǿһЩ
Ī仰ﲢϳʵϣϳܹ絮أôпܣܹɾ컯
صʱ䣬㹻ռǿգǳ֮ǰûʲô谭ˡ
ܹ⣬е֮УϳʵѾˣȻ;Ѿˣٻţһߡ
ûӦһλõģϳٴһεȽϵͳѹֶּᶨĪȴܵķ
˵仰֮ϳԭ̧ͷȻ֮£ĿĪӶӣ˫֮еɫĮּᶨ
һ˲䣬ĪӺǶϳ˿̵˼ͻȻ΢΢һ㶡
Ȼôһ㶵ĹĪǰϳӰȴͻȻ֮仯ƬţĪԼԪͷҲһǿƥ˲ͱˡ
ĪפصǳʶҲͬһʱʧʧĵһʱ䣬ĪĿķĿģһƬ۵Ļ⣬Լռ龰
ţĪӾ͸ое󷨷ȫǰܹģֻʣһƬҫ۵ǳ֮
Ƭҫ۵ǳ֮ڳֵ˲䣬Ϳʼҵ֮УÿһǳҲͬ
󷨷Ҫ֧Ųסļ󣬶жǿһ㣬˲Īзǳ
µǳţƺʱλöᱻŲȴˣղûд󷨵ķ
Լȥʮʱ䣬ǰҫ۵Ľ⿪ʼĪӵߣܹ¿ķ
ĪӵĿٴķʱľ󣬽ĪӲɵΪ֮𺳡
ֻԭ֮˿ѾһƬǽ岻ľƬ򣬼Ѿǳˣһȥļǳ֮ʯ滹Ż棬ƬشռҲģϽЩʯ뵽ռѷ֮С
һĻĪĵ̱һ徹Ȼô󣬽Ϊ壬Ƭ򳹵׵Ļˡ
Īڿ󣬸ղŵһ֮Уɸˡ
Ӧǳ˺ܶ˵ϣΪ֮еǳ֮ϳȻԥľͽƬٵˡ
һ̣ĪͻȻ˸ղϳһ񣬵ĮּᶨĪǡҲ˶Էһ̵˼
һֶڴᶨƵ׷Ѿ˲ϧκδۣҲҪ׷ľģǰҲѾľġ
ǳ֮ϳҪɾ컯ǾҪ׵ǿյ·˵ȫһ·Ϊǿ֮ʵǿ壬ҲܴУǸռݵǿ
ͬһ㣬ҲԲԼռݵǿóһ컯档
ɵ֮·߲ͨϳǼᶨƵҪɵǰǰ޷ѡ
һǼᶨһ·ߵڣܻΪܣһм裬׵ǿգɾ컯档
ڶѡǳ֮ѡһ·˵ܹߵͨΪϳѡڶ·Ļͱ÷ԼڵУͶ̥תޣΪǳ֮飬ûа취ѡĵ·
ѡڶ·Ҫһתޣѡһ·³Ҳֻ֪ûתĻᡣ
ѡĪѡĻѡһ֣Ȼ󿴿ʧܵʱûпܻܼ˵ڶ֣ĪţϳҲġ


ʮ ֮;޹˼
֮УնЩѹ֣ǰƬռѾ޸һƬǽľ󣬿ĸλУоķ̡
ԭһսǱһҪ̬׼ҪսһģһĵֿǿһҲűʤľġ
û뵽һսĽ֣Ȼӣѡ˺󳷣ǳ˵ʱȴˣٴθһݴ
ʱѾһԺˣĪ΢֪һЩⳡսʧһս֮УʵеҪٺܶ࣬һֻλɸӮˣʣµһЩɸˡ
֮ĪҲһͬʱת֮䣬ĪȴЩɲ֣᲻ҲΪ֮
һдֵ߳ǳսһѾʧأһΣһʧرôһг˺ƤսһĿܡ
ĪӲ̫ȷԼ²ǷȷڵǣһˣһȴøСĽˣʱȥһ죬ȴûмѾһƬʯش
ʵһνսһѾ൱ˣڷһܴһЩè֮󣬲û̫ҲʧôСˡ
һָҲû뵽ѡô󣬽ƬĻٵˣΪٵϳ˵һ𺦡
ĪƬѾȫʣʯ뵽ϳǸŲµˣϳΪʲôѡˡ
Լ뵽ڵϳԵ֮УҪɵֻг׵ǿһ·ߣ·߲ͨ
׿һУһͨһЩôһ߿ܳɹİ취ܹϳɾ컯ģǿܾǽǿ֮УշΧڵǳӷһЩǿջٵ졣
һһɹгɹϣ
һƬǽѾԼ϶Īӵ뷨ϳҪɾ컯пܾһϣ
뵽ϳԼĶԻĪ֪ϳлЩԥϾƬǿգĴӪĵط
ΪƬǿ飬򲻵ѵϳĻ᲻ƻƬǿա
ϳԥӦֻܽᣬΪУʵѾѡƬǿգ׷
ŵϦӣĪ̾ϢһͬʱԺ֮У뵽һЩ顣
Īڲݵʱ򣬼λԪߵͷȴͷһҷСŵĳϣھʱЩһ۵ɢ޸֣֮УһЩ˺¡
Щ˵ʱкܶΪߣѾЩˣڻĪͻȻ֮־ãЩһڴˡ
ǵ޸ֻ֣֮ڸ˵׷󣬾λԪߵͷȴһҷ֧СųϣĪӵʱԸǵõˣĪġ
񾳽Ϊ˵Ѿ΢ˣǷݷ·õ㣬ȴ׷ġ
ţĪӽЩˣ˺һӲŷӦ
ʱһתֵۣ˼֮Щѹ֣ⲢûӰ쵽Īӣս֮󣬺ܿͿʼԼ
ⳡս֮һЩ⣬ҲҪССɲģΧ󷨵һЩ𻵣Ȼɾĸȥ޲δ⣬ҲȻĸͷۣĪҪģǼԼΪԼøǿ
֮УĪͻȻоһϤϢܿ䵽ԼڵǳϣţԷ㴫ĶС
ĪѣݷˣǷ񷽱ͣˣĪӵھ֣
Ȼ֪ԷԲϴεĴս֮䣬Էٴγ֣ĪﻹЩ˵ģ֮;Խߵ棬˴˼Ƣϵ˾Խ١
֣񣡡ĪӻӦһȻ͸е֣ӰٵԼķ򿿽
ܿ죬˾ٴμˣһĪӣ֣û˿裬ЦŶĪ˵Ҿ֪ĪҲԲµģϴһսһЩˣ󷨱֮󣬾ͱǳţ˦ط֮һֱˣǰʱƲŸոջָҲĪӦûԽվǰû뵽ڴˣ
ϧˣ֮ǰǿǳϣЩ̫ŲߣҾͰ͵ھˣϧ
Щ֣Īϴ΢ЦϲĽʱľȻżҲһ졣
ֶЩ̫ˣƬ򶼱ǻˣһλɸֲսвٵˣ˵ܵˣ΢Щ鷳֣һϲ֮Щ˵
Ŷô˵ĪԣЩʵ
ܹɾĸֶ鷳ƣǾԲͨˣɵȻأָ鷳ɣ
Īӵĺ׷ʣ֣˵֪ĲǺֻĵ˵һڱƻ֮ǰлһĸ壬ЩɸϵˣͺЩйء
֣ĻĪ𣬵ʱڽ֮󣬵ȷһЩϢȽ壬ȫ˾£ʱûᣬºҲûзϣ֣ĪʶЩˡ
򼴽ʱЩΪô͵壬Ȼû뿪Ƭ֮СҪôΪ̫ûʲôֵԱһˣҪôЩΪȽϵ͵壬Ǳã֣˼ȻǺˡ
˵ЩΪǳ͵ֽ飬߷˺ôĻŴһ塣ԭҪһսǿҲһЩĸ壬飬ʵȴô
飬ܹһЩۻ˵˵ֽ֮зǳ鷳˥֮ȣһ£ǵв˾ϵĸ֣ɵһĹģĳֻʱǵͻȵӣֻ֮˵Щɸֵƣ˱鷳ģ
ǵֻ鷳һЩֳ֣һʱ䣬ǵӦþͻָˣ̫Ӱ죬ֻڴڼ䣬һûа취ٷһνˣ
֣Щ˵꣬Ŀ⿴һķȻתͷ˵νսΨһջ񣬾һԽռݵǰƽһ㣬ٹ죬ĸȷﰲȫ֮һӦþͻὫƬһ£ô˵ȻƬͲ׶ȥˣ


ʮ ɨ
֣Īղûͣ೤ʱ䣬ֻǽ̸һɣѡ뿪ˡ
֣Ļ˵Ҫ˶ãǾҪæµˣҪǰԭУ΢һǿ֮еЩʯ
ĹԭӦֲǵģϾɾ˵ʵЩ˭ɾĸ֣ڶˣЩʣû˵ɣҲҪĽܲýɾĸЩɣ
ƬʯشһܹǸЩɵĸ
򱻻٣кܶĺöҲ֮ˣһЩǱǳ֮еĲϣûг׻ٻǺˣЩɾ˵Щôġ
֣Ļеģ֣֮Īһ߼һҲȴлȥһƬʯشĪҲܹջ
ķչȷ֣ԤϵˣڸĪͿܵһεʱ򣬶ԷϢ֪Īӡ
Īѣ߲ɸˣ΢Щ㣬ҪǰæƬ΢һ£õջȫУĪͿܵģĪʶλɣֻһΣλֻһڽһ֮󣬾ʹҴҵ뿪ˣȻһЩֲ㡣
ĪµֵĿܣоԼƺ̫ʺϼԦսԴԼÿһսʧ߿ܡ
ʱ䲢ûж೤ԼʧĿѾˣĪԼЩ̫˼ˡ
ɾϵĿܣôģԼʧٶȣЩ̫˷ˡ
Ԫͷе߿֮У΢Ϥһ£ĪԼڵǳһ߿ܣȻͺһ߿ܣһƬһƬǽ
ڷĹУĪӿһЩɣҲڷ򣬾ǺԼһѡ˼Ԧһ߿ܣȻһͬ
һƬǽĪע⵽ѾһЩˣʼƬֻʣʯĵطһЩʯһѰһЩܻеջ
龰ĪӵҲԥֱӱƬС
Ļ൱µģĪһƬֻʣʯ򣬷ߵЩʯͲ̫ˣʯǳСƯΧ
ԭһſǳСûʲôôϸСʯƬ֪
ΧЩˣѾʼЩʯƬˣҵķʽҲͬЩѡ˽ЩʯƬ£һȻ£һͽϴʯЩֱô﷨ЩʯƬ׼֮
ĪӵĴʽҲ࣬ҲѡЩϸСʯƬ£ȻһЩϣʣµĲ־£һϴʯ
ĪӿʼЩʯ֮ûãһЩջ񣬲ջ΢ЩС
ǺƬ鵽̶ֳȣѾûʲôˣǲ٣ռһЩӦҲܹһЩóԼУ߰ö󶼲ָ׸ǴСһɫǳ֮ǺƬĪӲɵ
Ǻ˵Ȼ˵ֻǿ֮Уܹǳ֮Ǻ˺ЩòϣϾǿ֮ڣŨǳ֮Ҫ֮⣬רȡһö΢СǳǺˣƺҲûʲôá
ǺˣοӵǺˡⲢЩǺûʲôֵ෴ЩǺƬЩõģ˵ãϺʵĽƣܹƵķǣǳ֮
ǺƬ֮⣬ĪӻһЩջ񣬶һЩȽϼ̵Ĳ֮ģϾܹʣµĶҲʵֱ࣬Ƚϼ̵Ĳϣױġ
ЩʯĹ֮УĪӷһЩʯƬϣһЩ˸еܲϢܵĲմȾʹ÷Ǻ롣
ЩϢЩϢմȾһЩֽ֮ĪӲմȾÿһˣΨֲرܿˡ
ЩմȾֽϢʯ⣬ʣµе൱˳ÿһλЩʯʱ򣬶ٵһЩջ
;ʱĪھ֣ȻʱУĪӶ߾û徲Ƭ̣֣ϲĻ
֣ȻȽ߶˵ϻݣ඼ЩõĶĪʱʱĲһ죬һ»⣬Ҳ÷ꡣ
ʱȥƬѾһС룬֣˵ĻϲĶĪӽš
īʯҲǿ֮зǳټɲģϧˣûȫֻʣôһƬеʧûʲôôˣ֣еһƬΧʯǳƵƬϾϧ֮ɫĪԣֻ΢΢ЦЦûнĻ
⼸ʱ䣬Īַ֣һŵ㣬ǾǶԷ൱Ĳѧǿ֮ϡеĲϣܹһϳЩ鵽Ѿʧȥ˵ϣΧʯûʲôˡ
ҲΪһ㣬Īã֣˺ܲ򵥡
ûд֣ϸӦκһĶ⣬ҲûзֶԷԼκεͼ
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ĪӺ֣һۣͬʱʶԣʱģʮа˾Ųʲôö㲻þķˡ
ոսⳡһȻʧ󣬵Ϊмɸ֣ȴ඼ϴˣʱ巴ˣǻĺӦԡ
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֣һ֮ͬǰЩɾϵĸֵֽʱһ޷ǿ֮УĴΧ˵ĶС
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ĪӽԼСͨĸǷΧչ˷Բǧ֮ڣСǿ֮Уʵһ㶼ۡ
СͨΧڵλ壬˿ѾһâĪСͨķΧڴͼܹ뿪ĪСͨķΧ
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˵ͷ­ݿЩȴЩ֮棬ұ󣬻һ˫ܴ͸Լŷ֮ϡ
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ֶΣڻԶԷʲôӰ죬ҲΪ֮һͣᣬޱˮǿò֦ʼذڶһɫĹâµǣѸٵλȥ
龰λɾ壬ɫҲɵ΢΢һ䣬ܼĹѾݲˡ
֣ץסƯԵǸ˴죬ַ趯ţһɻҰǳ֮ɢΧЩȫֵ⣬ͬʱǹɻҰǳ֮ޱˮһҲˡ
ĹԶԷûЧѾ뵽ǿŲ֮еĪӣͲٿǿŲ˦һ׳ֱ֦λȥ
׳֦µĹУһƬƬҶ֦µĹ켣ɢڿУѸٵıÿݻƣȻ֦µĹ켣һλɶȥ
׳֦ʱ֦ŵɫĹâǻҰǳ֮Ӵâ˲ðһЩգ׳֦ǴǲҰǳ֮صĻǸ˴ϡ
һֱӽλɣޱˮ֮УЩήҶԥûޱˮ֮ڡ
ޱˮеɣһ˲䣬͸оһָǿѹƸУȲҪޱˮ֮뿪ʱͷϷһЩ΢ĿݻҶ
޷ӵǣЩݻƵҶ֮ϣһȽϤĵϣǺе˴ֻҰǳ֮żƵĵϡ
ЩݻƵҶľʹ˻Ұǳ֮ķλɸæתֿƾԼۺķҪӲĽ⼸ƬݻƵҶſ
ɾʱȴ˲оһִ̹ǵĺ䣬ֺ꣬Ҳܵһ˿в
ڸܵɺͬʱλҲע⵽Ƭޱˮڱٵı⣬ͷϷˮƺѾˣ·׵ޱˮƺҲͬˡ
֮£Ҳɵһֱ»ǳΣա
ֱʹ£ҲǼƬĿݻҶˣеĴ죬תۺķһеϷȥ
ʱһɫĹâͷһֻ̣ͷһڣͷϿգ·һȻ£ֱӽϳͷǿѹȥ
ڱѹµĹ֮УɿͷѹµģǸղŵǿò
Ų£ΪǻʵûжôֲϢĵϣȴòεѹȥ
ţޱˮѸٵĻޱ߱ޱˮ·׵ıĽʵʵ
ޱˮ֮еɣ˿ڷѾܶˣֻҪһӵһЩ֮
һ˥ܵĵϣɢͬʱϣһɫĹâʼѾޱˮ֮д
˥ܵĵϣѾޱˮ򣬾ȻһҪ˥ܽⶳĸоϷǿŲ֮϶ʼ˥Ͽή
ĪӵӰѸٴǿò֮룬䵽ѾˮϣȻ̸о´ͷ·λɻĶƬޱˮ򶼺һ㡣
ɾǿߣȻôöԸģĪһͷһóīȣֱӽ˲֮С
īȱ֮У֮̾룬ܿòĸֱӴλɡ
ĪһǰĲһ·īȾͿʼչΪɱܣɫĹâĪٴĵϣ˥ܵĹâϵľ£롣
Īߵòͷ·˾޴ʼѸϰθߣУĪӸоԼ´΢УʼԽԽλɸĻɫĹâڼȫɢˡ
Ǳߵļλɾĸ֣һֱעĪ˽ֵһĻļλж¶һĨЦ⣬龰ֻҪλûܹڲĵƣôյĽѾעˡ
һλɣǵɫǳƽʵѾ޲ԼԳ֣ĪʵǷɴɱͬʱλɡ
屾ûжˣһλɾĸ֣ӾҪǰˣлЩ̵ģңһ
Ľ֮Уλ߲Ƶ׵磬ֱÿһЩѾ׼ʱˣ弸λֹҲ붯־λɣ˾Ͳ࣬һɾô
ĪСͨķΧڣλɣ˿ҲƺʶԼѾΣڵϦˣԽԽĥ֮ǰǷԼķ
ѾޱˮĥЩҹ֮һαһƬɫлһɻҰǳ֮ҪŬһƱ
Ȼɾ֣ǵڣɻз֮Ӧ֮µı仯Īпٵһͷ
Īӿٵĸӣһֻ˱ϣɫĹâ̴ƽӴĵطʼɢԷӲĸѹȥ

ð칦֮ĪƺԼ˱֮£Ϊɷһʵ˻ķˡ


ʮ Ϥ
ջƣޱˮɵı㣬ɫҲָԱߵǿòϲϵĪӾվòԣĵȴš
Ҫնɱһɾĸ֣Ȼһ׵飬λɻѾʧȥ˷֮ԴԴϵĳߣŲ֣ĽɱȻһ鷳顣
Īڲʹǹˮ£Ŀǰ׵ķʽǼľ棬Էһĥ
˵û취ֻİ취˵ΪףҲõʲô̵ֶΡ
ߣ
Ǽλǿ֮Уһλ񣬿żû˷ϣλɣɵһͬ׹Ƭǿ֮д
ĪͷĽɫ⻷˿̾ҵһ£ĶУȻеһЩԪղʲô˺
Īӻعͷһۼλɵķ򣬾ͿһļλУһλǰѾһ汦һ͵İ׹⣬ֱλɡ
λһ֣ʣµλȴûиҳ֣ΪԼλɣǵռƣֻҪǸҳ֣⼸λĽɣ͸ҶЩʵɺɾ֣
ҲоƬĿռ䣬Լ֮ѾˣһҪ֧Ԯڶһܹʱϵ
Щǿߣڵʱ඼ã֤Сһ·𣬼УùЩ̫ʵֶΣȫҪ۶¸֮УûһĶ֡
ȻҲһ㣬ڵ͵İ׹֮û̷һξ롣
ʹͣΣλŮɿŶļλɣǳƽ˵
ҾÿٵһϾⳡսſʼãܲܰһ˰ɣǼλĽ֮Уһֱ˵λ˵
ԷĻλŮüͷȻĿ⿴һĪӵķȻתƬǿգռƣȴ·壬Ѿףһսٴȥˡ
λɵͨڳЩ֮УûмܹƶԷģһͨȫǺ޹˼ɵսսһ˵̫ˡ
رĪԱɵΪȻѹɾģֹһ
ת֮䣬λŮѾⳡս˳һξ룬֮Һʵʱս
ĵ̴ˣͲÿһν棬嶼ܳôĽɸ֣⼸ɳסڴˣ˵һ¡
ԭЩڽս壬ƺ˼λɶǵʼԼĶ֣ǿŴǵķˡ
Щ˳˵ĹУɣĿĪӵķģǵĿķǳȷҪѾΣڵϦλɣԵĻǻϣܹ˳ĪӣĪϵһɫȦķȴûܹơ
λɿĪ̾͸оѹɸ֣ս£ӦһѾܳˣοһٰѱסųǾˣʱϵķҲһܹס
һˣĪӽԼֱָΪָָһɫâ֡
λɸֿĪСͨķΧͬʱĪСͨķΧĳһƣλһ֮£ĪСͨӪľһ£ƺƬռ䶼Ҫһ㡣
һ󣬱ıϣƺҲΪһӰ죬һЩ۵ƣƺƬޱˮ򣬾Ҫλɸִˡ
ͬʱһȻûлĪӵСͨλɾ壬ҲеЩ⡣
ܿ죬λɾٴη˹ȸղŵһҪǿһأ˷ɲǣǰƬСͨһоȴȻ֮ʧˣһҲˡ
СͨһǰĪѡջأԼΪСͨƶˡ
ջС֮ͨԭޱˮеɣӰ̳ǿС
˿̶ԷǺǿеӣϷľԪɢͬʸаĹâ֣ҽĪӵīȸǲϣеīһˣ˼ϵǻŵһ㣬ڵķ
ĪӴ˿̵ΣɵԣСͨɣķ±𣬾ľԪҲƺЩѹƲסˣʱᱻԷѡ
û˿ԥĪӱڱһָһɫĹâֱӵ˻ɡ
λǰԮͼҪֹĹĪͷɫȦķѡ˲ܣԼָɡ
һ˲䣬ԭھĶֹͣˣ˫֮зһĨϹ⣬ΪɫȻͷţΪɫĹ㣬Ѹٵɢǿ֮С
ʱλԮɣǵĹҲ䵽ĪӵϣĪͷĽɫȦķסˡ
λɹеĪӣǿ֮˳һξ룬ȻĿɣͬʱľɹ⣬˲
λɣȻĪӵĿľɹ⣬ڵĿ⣬ѾΪɫĶλϣдһЩŵɫ
һλɣһһ˵ǰ
ɢĿľɹ⣬ǵĿصĪϵʱȴĪӿٵĽսƷȻηĿ
ɶһۣĿⶼ䵽ĪͷĽɫȦ֮ϣȻһ̣˶ûѡͣһתǿѪɫĴǷȥ
öɫȦķ˵ֶΣҲ޷κεĪӣȻˣǾˣֱӳ˱ǡ
ŷ뿪ɣĪĿսɨһȦּе壬˿̶ں󳷣һˣѡ׷ᡣ
ĪûԥЩһ׷ȥ˿սʱ򣬲Ҫԥʲô
ǱλĽɣҲȥȻܻǵӰֱܿǿѪɫĴ֮С
λĽɻصǿѪɫ֮к󣬴ɢѪɫǳ֮Ȼ֮ͱҫЩ˵壬ٶҲȻӿˡ
Īǰ׷ţͻȻ֮оǰһӰĪһֺϤĸоƺԼ
΢˼һ£ĪӾϤǴˣϤУһˣڌʶĺµˡ
ĪӲ̫ȷǰǸ嵽ǲΪ˸о֮⣬ǰǸ壬ѹͺµ˶Բ̫ϣǶ˵ָоʵѾܹ˵ܶණ
ԷѪɫǳ֮İ£ٵǿѪɫĴƶĪӽӵóԪ«ǵӰĬĬ
գ
ۿǿѪɫԽԽӰĪӷԪ«֮һ٣Ȼûκη֮ͱԪ«˻˺«֮С


ٰʮ ѵö
ԼеԪ«ĪеĸоԴӵʮĵ֮Ԫ«ܣȷǿ˺ܶ࣬ôԶľ룬Էû˿ķֱ֮ӱԪ«֮С
һѾԶԼλɣĪӲûмԪ«ܣ룬ѾЩԶˡ
еԪ«ĪһԪ«ܣûȷ«֮е嵽ǲǺµ֮ǰĪӲֱӻΪһ̲Ѫˮ
ǿ֮е壬˿ѾѪɫǳ֮İ£ٵ˻صǿŴǵķΧһˣҲû˼׷ǰȥȫǿѪɫǳ֮ĸǷΧͣ˽ŲЩ뵽֮С
ǿѪɫĴǣǿ֮пʼȥ˳һξ룬ȻͣѪɫǳ֮£ΧЩʯҲȾһѪɫ
ǿ֮УǿѪɫǵ˳һξ룬ۿǺܳʵһľѾˣһ˫˵Ƚϰȫľ롣
Ǽλǿ߿ǿŴǣ֮һۣһ˻֣ĴһССĽɫȦ۳ȻƯĪӵͷĽɫȦͷ·ܵ˸һ㣬׷״ǵͷ룬ûλǿеĹȦ֮ڡ
ĪתͷλǿߣԷͨȷ۽磬˸еޣ˵ƾԷһͨͼӰһս֡
ĪҲֶ֪ͨΣ˸е޵֮⣬ҲΪ֪ƻѶȣô˵ͨӹɵġ
սҸһ䣬ȸȥȥ֮콫սջ񣬻Ϊʵʵڵʵλһֱ˵Ľɣ뵽ڳλ˵ĶС
˵仰֮תȥǿ̴֮һռѷ죬ԷһУļλɾǿߣҲ½߽ռѷС
Īӻع׼򣬲һĨȴǰ¶˺Ӱ
˿̵ĺ棬ȻǳƽĪӵĿУɫȴЩӣ΢΢ͣһ֮󣬺ſ˵
֮ǰһڵģΪɾ֮ûôǿˣҿܻһ֣ڿЩˣ
Īעź˫ۣ֮УĪӴܹµ˿̵飬Ҳ΢ЦŻشΪˣʵȻ½ûʧͺã
ں棬Īӵĸйһֱϣ̫ܶһڵĽޣǷǳߣЩˣԸЩƫִ񺫷ֽޣܹ˸еĴ⣬ֲƫִģĪӻǷǳ͵ġ
˵ʵҲȽɣҪ̫˼Է뷨Ȼ˵дϣľٶ֮мӲء
ĪӺǽһһսĶ֣ͬʱһϧȻհ޻̸ѣҲһܺõĶ֡
һԸ㵱֣Ͽ㣬Ը޲ˣʵҲһܲ¡
ͻɾ֮ǰһȥдһεģĪӵĻҲ¶һ˿Ц˵
ʱ򣬲˵һǰͻƣĪҲ΢Ц˵
Īӵ仰Ц˼ȴķǳȷڸĪӣԲߵԼǰ档
Īѣ
ʱ֣ĪӵĶУһתͷĪӾͿ֣߿ܣ߷
Īӵߣ֣΢ԵЩ˼ĿڵĪѣʵڱǸˣ߿ڿʼʱ̫ˣһ֣ͽеԪͷɢˣ߿ûʲô¶Ҹˣ
Īӿ֣ߵ߿ܣһԼģ߿ĪսʼʱʵǿĽ䰲֣ߵģ֣һµĿģҲ뿴֣֡
սʼʱֻ֣óǰцlһߵ࣬һ߿̳߿֮еԪͷû˿±ɢˡ
ԴǸ֣Īҡҡͷ΢ЦŽǾ߿ܽӹֳһԪͷ²ٿ߿ܣͬʱ֣˵
£һҪл֣ѣ㣬߿ܹܲȻÿһսʧܣ
վһԵĺ濴֣Ī˵ʱڵһ֮Ͼ֮ʱһȥģ
ʱѣĪӵͷ˵
˵ֱ֮ӻһ⣬Ѹٵķȥ
Īӿߵ֣Ҳͬ׼ص
֣һ𣬺ôԶҪ̫ȻҲͬˡ
Īѣջ񻹲նɱһλɣһЩĲϣȥ֮󣬿Ի࿴ǷʲôõŵĶ
ȻˣĪ΢Цŵͷ
Īѣ˵˴һսһΪ٣ǽɾǿߣ徹ȻһֱɳλɣΪʲôһս֮δ֣ѵΪռԭ𣬻᲻ı
ȷмֿܣĪɫƽĵͷ
һֱ֣һ̲ͣĻ֮У˻صȻ˴ȡһսջ񣬻࿴ûб˴ܹõϵĶ
ĪóԼջ֣֮һ£ǶѶ˺ð죬ſ˵
ĪѣĪնɱһλɾǿ߰ɣ
λǰͨնɱһλɣĪûѡֱ˵
λɵĺиɲģʮһЩĶ絤ҩ֮ģвٶеĶЩ֮УΪһƷҪԷǼɱ졣
֮ǰĪջսƷûüϸۿЩһ۾Ϳɱ졣
λɽֵʱ򣬶Է˴죬ܹʹһֻҰǳ֮ȻĳŴǵ
Īǹˮͨķ򣬸պϣܹȡеǳ֮
ڌǵʱĪѾɼһЩǵǳ֮ڴǶеǳ֮ѾһЩ˽⣬Ҫһµǳ֮жղ
ɱĪǹˮͨ˵ܸܿһɱҲ൱ĵɽһƷɱȻĪӹǺһʱ仹ǿԵġ
ȵԺǵ֮ϣĪӻܹɱʹã츳ƳԼ콭֮⣬ķҲֻñ˵ĳƷˡ
һ֮ĪҲԼεջˣǰЩĪӲɵĸ̾Լҿǵķʽ򵥵ķȻӶᡣ
֣ԭԼεջ⣬ɿĪӵһѶٿԼ֮ǰջƺҲûôˡ
֣̬ǺܺõģգĪӵջ֮УĪӽƷȻĪǰǡ
ĪѣջķᣬǰһΣ֮ǰΣһʧ˲ˣǳһڶһôɸ֣еѼ۵ĻпܻýɸֽҪҪȥ


ٰʮһ Ȼ
ĪԭǲȥôȥǵģΪΪͻɾڣоԼʱ䶼̫һսԼֶεʱ򣬲̫طܡ
֣˵ܻнǿ߽һЩĪˡ
ϸ˼һ£ôĽǿߣ֮ǰΣһȷʧ˲ˣȱֵʱµ֧Ԯ֮ǰڵЩˣĿ֮š
ʣµЩɾˣɾٮٮߣ˵ÿһǱһµļֵһ֮ǰսʱѾֵĺˣ˵ЩǿߣĻúõһ£չһν
Ȼȫһ£ȻмֿܣĪҲ⻨ϼʱ䣬ȥܲԵĻ⼸ʱջ񣬾ͿԱܳʱˡ
Ӧһ֮ĪӾͺ֣һǰǣû̫ã˾͵ǡ
ĪһϵһУѾؽˡ
ĪӺ֣䵽ϵʱͬʱоϣѾ˲˵Ϣ
ûһͿˣĪӺ֣˶һۣͬʱ
Žǿߵĸһս֮󣬲ٵ˶ն񣬴ǻͨһޣҲǺһ飬ⲻ˵Ҳк֣һ뷨Թ
Īԭ㣬ȿʲôԽ׵ƷȡһЩ֮Ȼٿû۵Լһ¡
˿һʱۼˣȻѾʼ۵ˡ
ĪӺ֣ϾͿ˹ȥջ᲻ýǿʱһ£ܹõһЩôġ
˲ͬʱһλɾǿһͨһЩֶΣЩ۵ˡ
Ƕǻ˲֪õĽɣβ֪ЩеС̣Դ飬ÿ˵̬ȾͲһˡ
һλǿߣλ鲢ûκδʣµλ֮УλеЩС
ֻһɿ˵֮;У;գҪߵĳԶǾҪרһԵ֣ԵѣãЩ³ˣ
ɵĻԵɵͷһλɣ΢һüͷڵ
ԣҲȫͬԵ֣ȷ󣬵֮;ҪԵǰŬȡһ£˲Ϊ³ˣ
Ļһ䣬һһλ̵ͷųţ벻ͬ£òֶͬΣһŶ֮£Ҳûһ־Ч̬ȣֻ벻ͬ£ȡֶͬζѡ
֮ǰһ˲ˣʣµЩǿɿģ򽻽紦ҲȷҪǵøǿǼȻܹһ㣬ˣôԵкη
λ˵֮ڶλһ˻뿪ڣȴ鲢ûʲôλֹˡ
ÿߵĵ;ͬµķʽҲͬ˴˽ʱ򣬿ܻΪЩͬһЩ֮Ҷǽǿߣֿ֮иȡ
λȰ֮̾ͣסˣֻλȽͬĽɣκܿʧˡ
˵ȻǺͬǸݻԵģȻԼˣԼͬ·ʽոԵȴǱˡ
ĪӺ֣ˣվڼλ˵ǰһλˣ֮ýζʱǿϢȴͻȻǵͷ
λڽԼ֮ˣɵ̧ͣͷͷĪڵҲˡ
̧ͷ̾ͿλɾǿվЦ·ˡ
һ˲䣬е˶ʶʲôһٵΧɢվյλɹһ
λɾǿһ֮ҲûκεķϻеһλɾǿߣͻĿڽ
ڶԷڵһ̣ĪӶоһϺƴһʱͬλǿ߽Īڶеоװ׵ġ
Ժ׵λǿڽĵʲôһ鱦İ£彲ݡ
ޣУ
λǿģĪӷǳϤġ׵
ΪΨһһ컯Աдĵڵе֮УҪۼ΢Դ壬ûκһܹ͡׵
Īʼ֮·ѧϰľⱾֱĪɻʱжϸĲ
λǿ߽ġ׵һַǳĵϣͷ·һλڴ֮;ϵߣվڸߴָʵǵĺߣǣϵ;УҪܿЩָζɹЩ
ĪһβûȫȫĳУǳԼڸʲôȴԴԴġ
ĪӸоʱƺûйãλڽĽǿߣͻȻ֮տڲˣ̧ͷٿͷĸߴԭ̫̫ŴǵĹâѾһν档
λǿ߽֮һλǿߣּڣζԷݣǱȽİһĪûп˼ȴǳס
λɽʱ䣬ͬҲһ½棬ȵʱһλǿͬʱʧУڳˣһʧķٴιһȻ͸뿪ˡ
Īѣû뵽˽ǿ߽Ҿ˲ٵĶûȥһ£Ǿʹ˱һʱ䣬ȥţ֣֮Ī˵
ȥǣĪӵ˵ͷ˵
λɾǿߣݶر£Щ˵ȴһ£ÿ˶ãԼеһЩɻõ˽ĪҲͬˡ
֣ĪҲԼҪһ˰һջ֣˵ˣǾòˡ
Ŷ󷨵ϤĪӺܿͻصԼڵǿǳʱĵһ£ǻ˴ʱ䣬һջ񣬸оԼڵ΢һ㣬ڽͼΪط࣬ҲƺһЩ뷨
֮ĪӲûмżǽԪ«·˳Ԫ«֮Уɻһץķ²
װԪ«֮еķ²ڽ«һ̣ѾԪеĸй٣Ԫ«֮Уȫڳ׵׵Ļ״̬Īӿ壬Ѿһ̲Ѫˮˡ
ʶ̽Ԫ«Уϸرλòͺµ˳ȫͬĪܾãԷ̬֮Уôһ˿˿ơ
ĪʩչֶΣԪּһ֮󣬽Ԫ«֮з˳ȻְסͷȥԪ
һˣǱ壬һЩ޷ȫĵģ˵һ顣
Ȼ㣡
Ƭ֮Īӷ֣ǰ壬˵


ٰʮ 
̽һ˵飬ʵĪܹ׾ٵһ㣬ҪΪյǹˮͨ
ܹ̽ʶǹˮȻĪ̽⵽ֶΡ
ĪӿǰԲѵĺµˣһɫĹâһӣâ㸽˶Էϡ
֮ĪӾվںµ˵ߣһֱĵȴţð춼û˵һ仰
˴Լʱ֮Īӿڵϵĺµˣ˿̶ԷҲ۾úĪӵĿϣ漴ãŭµɫǸոѣ㲻ԼʲôطΪԼĴվǰ壬еķŭӡ
ŶԷ⸱飬ĪǹһĨЦݣǳƽĿڵô˫ˣһΪ㻹ೢԼν⿪ϵķ
壬ô䵽ڵϵĺµ˿ĪӣɫܿͱƽȻĪʵб˼ȴװȫʶĪӵӡ
ĪԣϵЦݲ䣬ǽ˵Ļȴúµ˲˳Ĭ
µѣ꣬Ϊ⸱ʶģ
µ˴˿Ȼ˳Ĭȴ˾κˣҪ֪ʱӣϢһۿˣΪһ塣
ոĪӵʱȻЩңǱźܴģԼݣӦòᱻĪӷ֣ڣĪȴֱӽݣǳƶԭƽ飬˲øӻˡ
ĪҲûдߴôĬӣȴڡ
Īͦģµ˾һģһ⣬ԷΪʲôҪ塣
˵ڶԷΪʲô⣬ĪʵѾ˴𰸣Īӻ׿ʡ
Խ֮ǰǸ磬ݹ۹ֻҪ㹻ʹ飬ʼմţû£ΪһЩ֪һݵӣҲ
磬岻˵һģΪͬģĽսһеĳѾѪУֱѵ黹ǲ࣬λߣȻһλͨ˴ֿģɾˡ
Īվﾲصȴţʱȥ˺ܾãڵϵĺµˣĵĿڡ
ôϳҵģ
仰ǳСͺԼһ㣬ôСһûйͨˣڽʲô
ŵѾ죬˳ץˣȷǵѣҲԵְɣĪӼڿˣҲǳƽ͵˵
һ˵Īһ߶ӣֱԣһȽɢƺ
µѵ𣬿ò˺ҰϵϯӦǰûܹҵѵӰȷһѺֶΣ֮£ѵĵǮеֶΣҲǷǳԲ
Ī˵ЦˣǮ֮еֶΣǱѷˣҲΪѵĹϵҲòֻʶӣղ䵽ⲿأĪӵĻµ¶һԴԳı飬Щͳ˵
ڵѵľһͦģں͵طܷ꣬ΪҽһľĪӼ˵
Ī仰µһʱ֮˳ĬҲָޱӣ֪ΪԼ
һĬʱ䲢ûж೤ܿͼڵҵľûʲô˵ģȻ˵еķ²ҵĽҲѾעˣҲҪЩóͽǵѷЦ
Լľµվǲἰⷽ棬ǳϵľܾĪӡ
Ī仰ϵЦ˲ˣЩͳʵȻµѲ˵⣬ôĵģȸңδΪģ
µע⵽Īɫı仯΢仯˲һݣǶԷķ²һͽûƽȽʸĪӵ⣬شĻĪӿ²һЩֶΡ
ĪеȷҲģԺͶԷúýǰǰĺµˣԼ֪ĶԷʱǰۣĪҲ˿һЩֶΡ
һΣµ˻شĺܿ죬ֱӿڵһֱ˱Ƚϡ٣ô꣬Ҳ˺ܶ취ֲĸ壬ȻһЩֶΡ
ʹõֶΣ߱ձԣҪһЩеϣԵ˽ʵûʲôá
ûйϵ͵ǿ۽ˣĪӺ˵
µڳΪ֮󣬿ӹòΪôѾɾڣΪĽٶȣĺܲĪֻһ˵
µ˵ΪĪǷǳģʼʶʱ򣬶ԷΪɾڣƾԷ֮ͨǰĻۣͻƵɾڣһμԷΪѾﵽɾڣٶķǳ졣
Īӵ仰ڵϵĺµƴȫһ壬ȻĪӣеɫһЩ仯
ǵѵĻΪ˵ѾˣĪŲţ
ţĪע˫ۣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
֪µʲô˼˵ǱĪӷ֣ƾֶΣ֮УΪܹø졣
ɾ磬ôͻƵģطһأܹס
µ˵ͨ죬ܹڻΪͬʱȡ˵ĸ򣬿Щ˵ĶҪԼĶվҲҪһ̣ƾʣ̿Ҫһʱ䡣
µĪ³֣ûм⣬Īӣƺûн˼µʵ
µͨͻȻôǿӦǷɣ
ĪѾȻ֪µһ䡣
ϯӦǰ֪µǴӺδõģУǷΪһöͱ壿
ĪӴһµһ˳ĬһΣĪûٸĬĻᣬֱӴһɫĹâ˺µ˵壬Ȼ˲䣬Ĭĺµˣб㷢˲ҽУҵĲ
ĪۿڲĺµˣһܹˣԲһӲͷѾ˽Щ龹Ȼ˵Ϳ΢һЩֶˣ˵Щֶ֮󣬶ԷӲϣĪӻֶΣ֮ǣҪʵʲʲôҲҪ
ˣĪӽͽĸ߲㣬ȻֶڣĪӻϣܹϯӦλǰԼܲµ˽ġ
˴Լʮʱ֮󣬺µ˿еͣҲֹͣ˲ĿٴοĪӵʱȴһŨŨĳҲͬ¶顣
ĪѣֶβаҲ˵ģǾһ˵
µ˻û˵꣬ĪӾͽջԪ«УĪӲԷķϻȻһʱԸ˵ĪеʱƣȹЩӣҪһֱڣǾͳȥˣͳȥ֮ǰøϯӦ֪һ


ٰʮ µ˵ľ
ʱ䣬ĪӼԼļ϶ͰѺµ˴Ԫ«һ£˳һֶĥһ¡
ÿһΣĪʹõֶζͬĥʱҲͬͬúµ˽֪ϢΪĪѾоÿһεĥµԽԽɣ͸¶ĶҲԽԽࡣ
µѾǳĪӲʱСҪľǴĿ˳һЩȽмֵϢ
ĪڵǳϣڴǳһƬޱˮǣޱˮ룬һɢɫâĲĪӵӰڴ·ر˫Ŀ·ڸʲô
΢ķƺƽʵޱˮˮϳһƣĪǿòҶҲ΢΢΢İڶ׶
ͬĪ֮ǰʹСͨʱֻŽأǧڵһֵֺ֮һòһƬޱˮ򣬾ͻһغ֮У̾صĺͬʱԼС
һƬ֮У˵ĸ֪ƺҲᱻŴһ㣬ܹӦĶҲԽ
µޱˮ򣬱Ĳж޾ٵĴܶʼĽ棬ݻϢĵϣĪ΢΢Щ
Īӱ˫ۣƬľ۵ͬʱıһ΢ӳֳһƬǳģĻ档
֮е龰ڵƬۣһģһ˴ϵգһſ˸ǳλòͬ⣬ͱ޶ˡ
Ƭǳģľۣڳ֮ƺĪСͨӪƬغһغһһ̣ĪֻԼڵһ˲·˲٣סˮľ֮ĸо
һ̣ĪӲɵЩסˣвһֿֿϲĲָоȴʧˡ
Īӱ΢ɢСͨӪƬҲһ˲·һϡ
һӰ֮ƬСͨӪľ󳹵׵ʧˣĪ˫ۣĿ֮һĨϧ֮ɫȻƵ̾һ
ϧˣ
ղһ̣ͻȻܹס񣬱һֹž޲״̬˵طۣܽһЩȻΪٴǰһ󲽣΢ŲŲżĽеġ
Īֻ΢ϧһ£ܿͽ֮Ժˣȡ֮Ǹˡ
ʹԼСͨӪһֺԼͼ֮һģһľзʽܹĪӾܿ۳Լط࣬һ͵˵ͻɾѶȣһӾͽһأ⵱Ȼһ˸˵顣
ЩĪַѾȡΪĳЧ
ڽ֮ⷽĪȡԪ«еĺµ˷˳
Ÿոձųڻ״̬ĺµˣĪֳһС죬÷ƯԼģԼתͷųһЩҰǳ֮ڰһ㡣
Ī⵱ȻǰһڲֻҰǳֻ֮ǲҪȫ񣬻˳ͺµġ
ʱĥµ˿ڷѾɶ˺ܶ࣬ȻһЩҪϢʼնû͸¶޹ؽҪһЩȴѾɿˣ֮ǰһ׼ڲӡ
ûãµ˾Լ˫ۣǰĪӣµ̾¶һЦı顣
ЩĪУѾ˺üĥĪȻ˵ĥȴ˿
µʵǳԼ䵽ĪӵҪߣ΢СûУȻĪӲ֪ʲôԭڻûаֵĪУҲûк̫ࡣ
ˣ϶һŵ㣬ǾǼκλ£
ѽûʲôҵģĪӿźµˣһº͵΢ЦͬʱĶãлĥֻҰǳ֮߱ָǳ֮Լǹˮһ
ĪҪҿ֪ҪϢĻѾĥҰ꣬Ҳ˵ʲôΪ֪ĸ࣬һ֮ˣλҪϢңµ˿˵
ĪĻüë΢΢һ£Է⻰˵ķǳ֪Ĳ࣬˼΢֪һЩǾٸԼһЩֵģʱĳ롣
Ǿ˵İɣĪӿ˵
ģǺǣĪѿһҪЦϣҲգΪڵЩ࣬Щֵһ飬ͺĪ˵˵ɣµԣû˵˵ԼЩˡ
һ͸ң⼸ҪκĥģĪ΢Цĸһ
µɫһȻĿضĪӣرǿĪתС죬Ȼ󿪿ڵ
Īѣԣλߵһ
ŶĪڻӦһȻȴġ
ҳһ㣬ǰΪһżȻĻԵɺϵ֮·Ī֪ɵʮ꣬ſһġ
ԭȻʱ֮;һûзģ֮УҲҵʺԣǲ˺εȵز
Īµ˵еĶѾͣˣΪµǰ滰˵˳Ŀ»ڴϵʱ򣬾ѾϵˣĪӺľ
һżȻľ֮УһԵµ˵ڡԵϣһЩ
ҵõһƵķһƵԪʼʱҺ»ᱻԷᣬûѡңָңҿ׷⡣
ǸԪҵָ㣬Ǻ޴۵ģˣҲŶӷģΪϵ£ͺвҪ۵ģ
ʼʱҪȥ鶼Ƚϼ򵥣Ҳ˵ȥھһЩĶȥһЩҵʱ飡
İ£ҵΪԽԽߣ飬ҲҲ˲ԣΪ£һ֣Ƕ岻ģ
µ˻˵ʱĪ̲סһ죬˵Щ飿
µԣҲûлر⣬Ѿ˵ˣֱ˵Ҳûʲô
˵ڵڶʳĩڣһЩƲø˶Եڶʳ
µû˵µϸڣһ仰ʵѾˡ
ʱѾΪ˲٣ѾʶһЩ⣬ǸʱһѾΪʱѾزͷˡ
ĹڶԷָ£ȫˣЩҪ˵ȥһҲݲңҴڼûжԷİҾԲܶɹ
գڶԷİ£ɹ˴֣ȴûиһ֮ϣҰڴһ£Żʳңʱ򣬰һӤ
ĪӵѾǸƵԪ˭ˣǺͺµһɡ


ٰʮ ֮
֮֮ϣȥˌǣȻҺܳһʱûټʹΪҰ
֮ϵЩ꣬ҲûΪս֮ҲȥȻһϾʱ䣬Ҿͻúõǣҵʵ̫ʹƴȫǽ΢еʣͲߵһˣµ˼˵ţĪӵĿ֮УֶĽʵɫ
Īźµ˵ĻԷҪ˼ߵһԭΪԼ̫Ҫ׷ԲѶΪ֮
ȷԶ̫Ҫ׷ǰأÿһǼ裬Ī˳˳ˮ
οһͷˣͻȻʧȥͷͺñһȳȸ·ˣͻȻ˷۸·ߵ;ʱֽȥһȳһյ·ʱͻø·øˡ
µô˵ôһ˿пܻñ˶һ˿Ļ䵽ĪӵĶУͲô¶ˡ
µѵ˼ǣΪʲãҪ׷Ծͱ壿Ī΢Щͳʵ
ǲƽģĪ׿̫֮֮ܲļµԣĿ⿴Īӣ֮ƺһֲޡ
Ŷ˵Թ˰Ī˵
֮ʼʹȻҪֻҪһأ֮ʲûа취ֲɣ
ΪϵǱĬ֮£ѵһʯҲӦ΢һЩɣҴ֮ɷλɣѵʣӦһزŶԣƵѵģǵѵԺԣ
Բ㣬úжЩ˵ָ㣬ȻܽһЩͬӦܹ򣬿Բ㣬һζȱ֮Уֹǰԭ򣡡
һ·̫ߵ̫ˣʧȥĸԼǰߣ˵ʲ㣬αѣ󷽷һЩֱ˵벻Ͷ֮ܲ࣬ȴܵõ֮棡
Īû˿ĿֱӾͽµ˶ԼѸҴˡ
ÿһɢ޳ߣʵףǾ޶ĴѰԵÿһöǮܶҪϸ㣬ÿһջ񣬶ޱȵӣˣɢܹ֮ͷˣֻôЩ
ĪӼܶɢޣǶԼʣҲһЩԹǱԹȴûжɢޣԴ׷𣬶ԳɵĿ
һվҪԼ˷κˣҲ̫ĻԵһ־дˣԵǾܹӱ
ȣµϵ⣬̾͹Գˣ֮С
ͷ֮󣬻ָٶȵУȷѽܣһλ˵סµⷽܲϸ
Īӵһµɫʼһһϣ̬ǳĴƺǱ˵ԸԵĶĿҪٳ׵ıˡ
Լʱ֮󣬺µһϵɫʼָƽĪӼ˵
Īѣһò˵ЩҪ˵Ķ࣬ʣлԵôֶĿأһ·˳˳ˮͲ꣬Ѿȡ˳ɾͣȻῴˣ
кһľõĸоԹʹ࣬΢һЩҵɡ
б֮˵ʵҲ̫ؼӵһֱڽϵĽս֮սʵ̫ˣҵеĿģ׷ڤڤ֮еĴΪ׷ܻЩʧġ
廹壬壬֮ܿܿеһԱиŵ㣬ΪβܺƽദУ
Īѣҡ

ĪӺĽҴʵоµ»ָƽ󣬾ͷ·𳹵׵ķſԼĪžľ˵һѣĪӸղ˵Ļ
˼ԼֻһߣڱΪҲԴִ׷֡
һѺƽȵۣĪһģоЩЦͬʱЩġ
ƽȣ˵ȷˣÿһԼ˵¾ֻ˵˵ˡ
ͺñ֮ǰ壬ԵʱǿѹôûĸְƽȵУ
ֱһ·նʵϵǿ˿ԺԿʸʱǲŻ塣
ƽȣվǽڱ˴൱ǰµģҪñ㣬Ҫбӵʸ
µ˵һһ磬Ȼ߼Ҳûʲôֵݣһ˵˵Īģ˵ǸԼƭԼѾڿȱ֮УһЩԼİһЩݡ
ⷬ˵Ʋǹˣֻ˵ǽƱ硣
ĪӲûдֻ²С죬ԼвתͷųҰǳֳ֮Ħа
ԱŴǵǳ֮ĪӶǳ֮ʵѾһЩͬʱμǿԼǹˮͨҲµһЩ
ĪӾãԼһҪɼÿһŴǶеǳ֮ҪЩǳ̺֮⾳
߸׼ȷ˵ĪҪģܹ⾳뵽ǳ֮еķϾĪҪǹˮĳǳ֮
µھͺǻ֣һϲ˵һѵĻԽ˵棬ԽߣԽͺѾԼ˵ĻȾһ
һֱȵеĻ˵꣬ĪƮƮĻһ䡣
µѻӦ˵˰ɣûʲôҪģ
µԣǰĪӣ˫۵ɵϴ󣬲ܿ죬»ָ΢̾Ϣһ
Ī׿֮ĺ˵֮£
ĪѾ˶ԷıݣоͦʵģЩġ
µѻʲôмֵϢҪ𣿱˵ϢĪӿʵ
µҡҡͷĪѣҾҸղ˵㡭
Ļû˵꣬ͻȻͣסˣΪѾĪȡԪ«ҽ«ڶ׼
µѲǺϣ֪ĶʵҲûô࣬ȻˣҲ˵Щ֮ˣŵȷЩģĪӻһ䣬½µԪ«֮С
еԪ«ĪѾˣԼҪȥһǣе²ȥڽȥ֮ǰҪ֪ͨһǵϯӦ
ΪһǣҲǸģҪϢ㷽㡣ϯӦյϢ֮鿴أԲһˡ
ԽǿߵʵܿܵʱĪӽ˽ȥûԼˣҪǴӺµϣõһЩԼйصϢϯӦͥһҲչԼġ


ٰʮ ϯӦ
ϵǸҪʹõĻҪҪط΢ϸһЩٻᾭһʣϾΪ򽻽紦Щ÷Ķǵ΢עһµġ
ĪʹǸǣûκεĵѣΪѶĶ󣬱һλɾǿߣĪԼĽҲѾ㹻Ρ
ȻĪǵһԼʹǣǴεľ飬ǵʹãǷǳӦֵģβǿգֻǴϢѣʹ͸Ӽ򵥡
Ϣݵǣֱ͵ϯӦУǵϵǸ֮תĪҪ΢һЩʱ䡣
´ʱʱ򣬿ԶǸ󼸴ΣҵУǻЩģǸĪӻͷһȻĬĬ
ĪӴϢԣʹǴǿյʱȴǲеģҪʹõĻҪһЩۣڻŶӣǰƻ١
Ī뿪Ǹ֮󣬾Ͻײϵĵط֮ǰǣĪӶûôüÿУ׼˳ȥһЩϡ
֮ǰʱһʱĹϵһɬԼܹĶ࣬Ըɴûһˡ
˼սջĪеɲҲ˲٣һһЩеĲϣЩȥһЩԼܹõϵĲϡ
ԴϴεõλǰָĪӶ֮Ҳ࣬һֱͼĪ΢ҲһЩŵ׼һЩĲϣĳԼΣ˵ʲôʱͳɹˣ
ͥǵĽײϵĵط൱ȫĪӴҲԿͥڲμսˣھܵṩⷽġ
Ī֮󣬺ܿҵԼҪĶõһܹǿīȲʵɲġ
ĪӵõԼҪĶ󣬾ȥһǸȥûϯӦԼظϢȷʵûյκεĻظ
ĪҲûż߿ȻȴϢ
ʱԼȥһңǵϿգһռѷͻȻѿһϮ۵ϯӦʹռѷ˳߳ռѷĵһʱ䣬ϯӦҵĪӵӰȻֱӳԡ
ϯǰĪ̶ųԼԵϯӦһ
ţȲҪˣҿǸµˣϯӦĪӰ˰ֱ֣˵
һ֮УҪų𣡡ĪĿ⿴һȦΧ󿪿˵
ųϯӦɵ˵
ϯӦ仰ĪӱûټɣֱӾͽµ˴Ԫ«֮з˳
˲࣬һλǿߵĳ֣Ѿһעˣοڴ֮ͥ£вٵˣĿͶߣȴûκһ˿Ҳûĸ۵ģҽʶ̽
ǺµˣϯӦűĪӷų壬΢Щȷʵ
ȷĪӷǳ϶ĵ˵ͷĲûж˵ΪһλɾǿߵֶΣ˵ѾˣʣµģϯӦȻԼжϡ
ĪӵĻشϯӦ΢΢˵ͷĿصǰĺµϣȻǰˣһ壬ĪӾԲϺЦ˵ݣѾȷˡ
ϯӦлӳһסµ˵סµ֮ԭڻ״̬ĺµˣ̷˲ҽУ˲˹
ոѹĺµˣ֪Լεأ͸оһֻ֣ѾεסĲӣͬʱһ
õĺܣͽͦ׵ģݶˣǺõĺܣ
䵽µ˵ĶУ֮ŭ⣬׹ߣһ궼սĸо
ʱҲǰ֮˵òĪӣһֻһ棬ȴӡǳ̵ò
ϯӦµ˲һܵľη֮С
ĪӣǰϯӦǸ־ڌʱ䲻ˣϯӦ˽ķǳͬʱϯӦƢҲš
ϯӦźµ˵Ĳӣܹĸоµ˶Ŀ־壬ʱϯӦûôŭˣ˼ȻѾץУǾͿˣֱͽǾöԷ̫ˣеĺµˣ;
ĪһԿţ֪ϯӦһֱӽµģȻϯӦУܿٴðһס˺µ˵ת֮䣬ԽԽСһţϯӦץС
ǡʱһˬʵϯѾΥˣѽΪһͷôĻ
һһĪǰͶһˣǼλǿ֮һ
λǿߣͬҲǲǰϽλǿ֮һ
˵òˣϯӦһԼǰλɣ¶һĨЦݣȻǹϵˡ
ϯЩһֱڌǣһЩ߶ǣżĻһȥλѾһΣǿ߿һԱߵĪӣϯӦ˵
ϯӦԣĿҲĪӵϣȻعͷɵͷҲãûгˣһ˵ĿѾɣҲͦõģ
˵仰֮ϯӦһԵĪӿ˵˴ĹҼˣպصˌǣǰ֮ϣȻĺôȥ֮ǰڴ˴úΪȻҪĴĥȴһ̶ܷɵģÿһҪߵȣ
лǰָ㣬ģĪӵͷش
ϯӦĪ˵仰ȻǵĪΪ̫죬Ӧ̤ȵĲṳ̂ȣһ£˵仰֮ͺλһʧĪӵǰ
뿪Īӱֱתȥ
ҲѾˣǼԼһȲΪط࣬һ֤ԼЩУֶΡ
˵Ѻµ˽ϯӦ飬ͺûжϵˣܹõĽͣĪ߲ҲģҾûʲôͣĪ˵Ҳ޹ؽҪںҲȱʲô
ɽ󷨵ЧܿصԼڵǸǳĪԭҪе֮УֶһݣǾǳſʼͼ
Ҫ˵ͼУǶλó󷨵ǰΪʾ󷨣ʩչƬǿա
νͼһƾڽ̶󷨱ɿƶģʱչ֮󻹿Լ󷨺ͷŵ㣬Էչֵǿղ󷨵Ӧþܹﵽ
ĪӾǽԷֶͨΣǰѾеһЩüĿ׼ʼһ¡
Ī֪ԼܶʱɹѾ˶ೢԵ׼ֻҪпԣͻһ£ȻһʱɹˣֻҪܴвϷ⣬⣬һɹ


ٰʮ ϯӦָ
ĪڵǳŴµʯϣһɫͼ΢΢üͷϸĹۿš
ûĽϣ󷨺ͷȻѾһЩϵ˴˻ǸԶĶֻ൱һͼװѣеͼĪһѰ⣬һ̾
ǻѾȥһˣѾԼ뷨Ȼʧܶˡ
ǰʵ飬һʵѾ˺ܴĽһʧƷǾǰһֻһ졣
ȻԼҪͼĽȲô룬ֽĪѾԤˡ
Ҫ뷨Ϊʵȷô׵飬뷨²˶Ϊֹ֮ûгĶӦþΪѶˡ
ܹסô˵飬Լ׾ٵĽǲŻĪӾò˼飬ЩʧܵǰߣĪӱǸӾƣͱ˵Ī֪ͼֶܹɹŪ
ϸϸѰԼʧƷܴڵĸ⣬Īͬʱ˼ҪνЩ⡣
һ⣬ǾǸ뵽ͼУԼƳͼǿ
Ҫ⣬Īʱ뷨һַǵƷһͼһķм֮ǰʧܵļΣõľַĪӾãַǲȡֻԼûݳʵĽƣԻԼԼΡ
ڶַ˶ΣɴͼһԳͣǿ󷨵ĿܣֱһԽͼ󷨵壬ʹһЩֶΣǿߵϵһЧǴﵽˣ֪㲻ɹ
ַĪ֮ǰ뵽ģԺУڽƣµĽ
Ī˼ţͻȻ֮䣬ڵǳϿգһռѷȻ򿪣۵ϯӦӿռѷ˳һ̾͵Īߡ
ܵϯӦϢĪ̾ʹʯ׼Ҫ񣬾ϯӦ˵
û뵽ûͦеʱϲ
ǰЦˣĪԣҲִȤĻش
⼸ǺͼλɣӦûȥˣ⵽ϯӦһ˵һ߾ߵĪӵʯԣʯϡ
лǰˣĪԣ˵
һλɾ磬ܻܿǿҪͻƴߵĽɣȥʱԼһˣѾֳ˶Լ㹻Ĺĺӡ
µ˵£÷ǳã⼸һеõһЩϢȻûжõģôʤޡ
˵ҲǵùԭΪ壬ԵʿԷֲݣƫƫûסֱӾͱץסˡϯӦĪӣ΢һ˿Ц˵
ҲֻöԷ죬ôƣͽץˣȷʱʵҲֻĪӼ˵
Ҳǫ֮ԣµץסȷкܴɷ֣ĪӵʱҲΪԼĸо˳־ˡ
ҲãʵҲգ֮ɵģôô;ٲģݺôʱ㣬ȵԺʵʱݺôŻᵽ˵ʱ㻹ܴ̲쵽һݶл񣡡ϯӦĪ˵˵¶һĨЦݡ
ĪӲ̫ϯӦ˵лʲôںλнҲû˼ô顣
ϯӦ˵껰֮ĿͻȻ䵽ĪеͼϣзһɵףⶫƺЩ˼
ĪԣĿҲ䵽ԼʧܵͼϣϯӦԼʧܵͼƺЩȤǱЦŽ͵
ƵһʧƷҪ뷨ϣܹĲóһԣĿǰûʲôͷ
ͼ˷ҲвٵĸֳԹĪȫҪԼͼ󷽷˵ͺã˵ǰλлָܹһԼ
Īӻһ˵꣬ͼϯӦ֣ʾеĶø
ĪӺԥľͽеͼ˶ԷȻϯӦͷۿ
Լʮʱ䣬ϯӦ̧ͷĪӣ΢ЦŶ˵˵̾٣ⶫ̵İɣ
ĪԣҡҡͷȷǰйݵĽӴǰǳָһⷽ棬ûԵǰ̣
Ӧһ£ϯӦЦ˵
ƵǰƹĶܹһڱҪʱͷų
ֻ̾ûټоΪоĶûԼСͨãҶԷе󷨣̫ЩӰ󷨵ǽˣҲ̫Ծͷˣ
ĪϯӦĻһʵǶʧܵƷǰʲôָģ
ȻϯӦλǰⷽƷĪӵȻŹȡĻᣬȻʳ仰ϣҲֻ̫Ǳһû棬͵˼һջأ
Īûб̫ϣϯӦĴ𰸣ȴĪӵԤ롣
СҪĶ͵̾һָⷽ㲻̫࣬Ͼ֮˵һ㡣
̾ٵʱַʱʼҲʧ˺ܶΣΪҪ뵽֮Уȷһѵ飬̾ٽİ취п󷨿ռ䣬ͬʱռ֮ںϣҾԽһ£
⣬ڲĽƣԲҪͨջҪģ̾ٵʱ˰ټѧּİ취һȥҹͼһͭˮ裬һ˼ıҲԽһǸ
У飬Ҳ֮ȫΪȽǳΪΪأԺΪˣ뷨Ȼøף
ϯӦ˵꣬еͼݻĪӣֶһȻЩĪӳϣ
ĪϯӦĻдʱȴһéٿĸоϯӦ򵥵仰͸ָһ
Ǹν󷨺ͷںϣص㲢Ǽ򵥵ӪһƬռ䣬ռ֮Ī˲
ͼеĽƣҲĪһʡ˲ٵĹȷĸĪӣ֮ͨеֽвͨһĪָһȥοһ¹ͼͭˮ衣
ǼĪʵѾˣеĽҲȷЩŵĪиõĲοǾ鱦Ԫ«
ǰǸ磬ͼֶ֤ǰǸֶΣܷͼҪ
ĪӲǰǸֶΣ鱦ΪοķһЩʱ˼Ӧܹٵ⡣


ٰʮ ͼɹ
Ȼǽɾĸ֣ùãʶҲǳĹ㲩һѣҶԣѾǰæˣ
ĪԭûţܴϯӦôջ񣬵ʵ֤СЩɾǿߣĲԼʵǵľ۹⡣
лǰָ㣡ΪԷ仰˲ͨ˺ܶ취ĪӣĶϯӦһ
ĪӺӣϯӦҲʶƺԼղŵĻĪ˲СİҲû⣬֮Уָ󱲲֪ж٣Ͳκβˡ
ԼúðվͺãиĻֶιȻǺ£мǲҪ᱾ĩˣ￴Ҳûʲô飬ͻȥˣúõϧĽ紦ʱɣϯӦĪӵʯվĪӿ˵
һ˵꣬ϯӦαһʧĪӵǰĪҪ˵һǰĻûлᡣ
ĪҲȽϰˣλǰӴļΣÿһζԷˣϢߵøɴ䣬һǳԸˡ
ϯӦ뿪֮ĪĿ䵽ԼʧܵͼϣֻʱʧܵͼȴֹסЦ⡣
ĿҲȷ·ҪעĴ⣬Ҳи˸ˣֻҪ·ǰ߾ˣһЩС⣬յͻԽԽ
˵ǰ;һƬ֪Ҳ֪ĲˣҪƳͼĪҪŬȷǲ١
ͱ˵ռ֮Ī֮ǰûйԣⷽûֻ̫ΪСͨĹϵѧϰͨڤɷⷽȫһƬհס
ĪҪĻ΢һ˿ռ֮˵һ̫ѵ飬޷Ƕ໨һЩʱ䣬һЩѡ
ĽƣͱȽ鷳ˣȻ鱦еĽƿԲοѧϰḶ́Ҳɲȥ
ĪӽԼʧܵͼоһŸղŵĹȣҳеĴ©֮ŸθƣȻóԪ«ʼе
ĪӵԪ«֮Уһʮĵʱ䣬ʮѾʼݻˣֻٶ֮еıøˡ
ݻȴҪӷһЩ
Īʵһֱڲó֮ͬʱ֮Щ裬һԭ򣬾ΪĲ
һʱ䣬Īÿ˼ճ֮⣬󲿷ֵʱ䣬Ͷ뵽˶ͼ֮С
Ȼһδε飬һδεܽʧܵľ飬һδεͶС
ϯӦ˵󷨺ͷĽϣһǴһռ䣬󷨷ŽȥͿˣҪõռ֮ɡ
һ֮󣬽ҪľǽˣʹһһشӽƵٴӱɽҪͼеĽƣһʼͺǿܹͼɹƳ
ͨһδνϵʧܣĪȻʼûгɹǾɹѾԽԽӽˡ
ת֮䣬һʱôȥˣûκ˴ŵ£ĪһֱԼڵǳϣṳ̂ȥ벽һʱȥڵջʱˡ
ĪڵǳϣһƬǿӿݵĴ룬һߵɽ壬ɫֲΧӿݵľĳ£ԵΪۡ
ߵɽ壬ĪӵľΧЩӿݵľ󣬾һʧܵĽˡ
ԼסΧĴشݲгȷôÿĪӿǵԼͼûƳɹƻҪٵʧܣԲûżӿݵľָ׼ԼɹʱһԽЩ޸ˡ
վɽϣĪһͼͼϻľ󣬾ʵͿѻƺǻЩʲô˵һ۵ӡ󣬾Էֱ治ͼʲô
ͼĪӴ˿ʵôƽģһϵʧܣһΣпܳɹһΣڤڤ֮һԤҲڸҪɹˡ
һĪסԼ飬תڵķеͼͷϷȥ
ͼһ뿪Īӵ֣̿ʼ󣬺ܿͼɽ塣
һɫĹâ⣬ͼ̿ʼĪӵͷϷǴһĺ磬ΧѹҲ·𽵵һЩ
ĪܹĸоԼͷϷ˿̶һƬֵĵشƬֵĵش󣬵ȴʵʵڵ磬ַϢ˼١
ɹˣĪĿ⿴ԼͷϷܵƬĵشһ̣Ѿһϲ֮ˡ
ĪӿȶסԼֶһУͷƬش̻һͼ䵽С
ͼѾԳ֮ΪͼˣĪֽԼǰ׳ͼסǰһƬ»Ƭش
֮ĪϵЦԽԽŨȷԼӦǳɹˣ룬һӽɹƷ
ٶ֤ΣĻ֮Կͼܷ񷢻ЧУѾɵͼܷ㶼ܹǲĳɹˣȻЦݣҲǳĸˣĪǷǳǵġ
еͼе󷨣򻯶ģһ
ôԭҪһԭ򣬾׼֤һ£ѾɵͼܷټǿڶԭǣĪһĳԭѾ˲ٵңѾûˣûʣ¼ɲģҲݳ޲
еͼĪӷǿ֮Уǿ֮нͼ򿪣һƬֵĵش
Īһڶǳóɵ󷨵£ŴͼһΣͼϹ⻬תȴûܹȻǱǳóɵѹˡ
ĪӼ״ͼջصУҲûʲôʧ飬һͼȻܶǳõ󷨵ѹԭ֮е£ĪҲֻǺĳһ¶ѡ
ͼջ֮ĪתصԼǳǿ֮µʱĪӿԼ֮Χǿӿݵľ󣬾˳ֽ޸ˡ
Լ֮ĪȡԪ«ó˼ʮˮʼǿͼ
ԭӦʯģĪӵʯѾˣԾѡ΢ݳһķԪ«ǿҪˮֻһȽ׵顣
ˮֶͨΣϵ뵽ͼ֮УǷͼƵĻ棬ۿɼٶȷ˱仯û䣬һϲʲôӡ
ͼ֮еĻ仯ĪҲǳĸоͼͬ
֮ͼӦеЧеͼУζţĪӵͼƳɹˡ


ٰʮ ǳ˿
ĪҪƵͼڳɹˣ̲̫ףϯӦָ㣬ĪѾ߱˳ɹأܹôĳɹ
оͼ֮ĪӵʵȻһأԺսʱĪӾͿӳˣƺֵˣͻȻ֮ͼֶһ൱̼ľ
ͼȻƳɹˣּ򻯰ȴĪҪͼҪƳͼ󷨣ʱûе󷨣Լִ죬ʺͼ
ڿԽ󷨲óˣҪ˶ãô˷飬֪ӺƵ֮ĪڵɽϣѾղųɹͼҳ׵ƽ̬׼ʼԼҪͼ
ĪӽԼ׼õĲϿʼһóʵܹҲֻôЩĲϣĪΪͼΪʵĶˡ
ȾǾٲ˵һԪ«֮еˮ֮⣬ǳɳ֮ĲϣΪĲϣ֮ĪȥõЩǺƬ
ЩǺƬĪԼ׼ЩУˮ֮⣬ΪĲˡ
ڵķתĪӵ֣̱ɫĹâǣֻ̧̯һŽɫǳ֮ͿʼϵĪӵлۡ
ǿ֮е޴ڵǳ֮˿Ҳ·ܵεǣĪΧļǳɫǳ֮Īڵǳۣһʱ֮䣬Īڵǳâ÷ǳҫۡ
ֶѾΪŦϵ˲ˣҺܿǾͷĪڵǿǳ
ƿ󷨵ļϸ̽һ֮ղûзĪӵжṩһЩ㣬Χǳ֮͵Īڵǳ
λһЩȽҪпܵ˽Ҫͷʱ򣬵Ȼܰˡ
Īڵɽ壬˿Ѿǳ֮ȫȫˣΧǳԴԴϵǳ֮ڴǿ֮вϵ£ֶ
ڽɫǳ֮İУĪϵɫâӦƬҫ۵Ľ֮УΪĿɫˡ
ĪҲоڰԼǳܹ֮ôһôˣȻֻƿ󷨵Щˡ
ĪϵɫĹâǷ·޾ǳ֮ʼԴԴϵѹģǳ֮ĪӵУȻѹ˽ᾧ塣
ֽᾧ岻ͬǺ˺ǳɳ֮Ĳϣȫȫɴǳ֮۶ɣֶĪӵһģ֮ǰһ伮֮УͶˣǳ֮ѹĽᾧá
ΧԴԴϵǳ֮ĪѹнɫĽᾧҲϵ󣬺ܿ죬öᾧͳĪƵĴСһڲϵֱöᾧֱһҴСĪͣ
ɢǳ֮ĪվǵķһǸлƿ󷨵˵İΪǵİԼ⿪ʼĵһһӾͽʡ˺ܶĹ
ڸл֮Īӻ̯ƣԪ«УĪӴеһɫˮȻ㵹ǳ֮ѹɵĽᾧϡ
ɫˮˮǿһļˮ֮żõˮձ;ǺܶˮйʿԵսģս֮õҲ࣬һЩضĳ֮⣬ˮҲӲ̫á
ˮΪһˮȻصԵģԾܹʹĳЩһ𣬶ԣǳƷҲܹͬãԵеԭ
ܱˮһĲϣʵ࣬ԻˮԣôҲûôˡ
ˮĪӸղ۳Ǹ֮ǿ龧֮УȻ龧壬ˮԣȫܹõġ
ĪһӣѾóЩǺƬһͶǿɫľ壬ֱ龧֮С
龰Īֱһʶٿŵľﲻϵ䶯еǺƬŽɫĽᾧ׵Ľһ
龧û֮ǰĪӼʶž壬ͬʱֲΪָǰָŷĹâǿ鲻䶯ľϡ
ڽӴǿ龧֮ĪȻ֮һֱۣһϸ˿Ľɫ˿ߣ鲻䶯ŵľ˳һ಻ϵ졣
ţĪֽظͬĶ龧һ˿ߡһ˿ڱ֮󣬾Զϵ죬ͬʱĪӵĿ£˴˿ʼ֯һ𣬱֯һƬĽɫ
ʱĪ߾ԽԽСɫĳԽԽգż˿߳׵¶βˣǿ龧Ҳʧˡ
ƯϿգƬһȥռ˰յĳĪһ󳤳һЩɫ˿ߣĿ£ĸߣûȻɡ
Īͬʱ̧вһģ֯ǷۣѸٵС
ԭɫĳ˿ѾȫɫĹâǣĳ˳ÿһ磬ҲóѸٵСֻСٶȱȽһĽϵ룬ճСͨĴСͣ
ƯеĳٻУĪڵķų֮ӿ룬ΧĿռ䣬ʱƺ΢ŤĪվΧĿռһֲ̫гĸоͷ·λãصƬռ·
Īע뻭֮еķģ˿Ҳ˱仯ԭʼĲٿ£֮УγɵһơƣͬͨĽӼ򵥵ķĲںϣøӡ
ĪƵƣӵײ㿪ʼԵ÷ǳĸӣȫģĽṹ
ڱ֯ƵͬʱĪͬʱ֮УһССĿռ䣬Ʊ֯ɹССĿռ䣬֮䣬ñ˴ϵһĪǰĳ֮ϣҲɢһֿռ֮ĵϡ
ĪӸܵı仯ϵøһЩһԵЩʣǺƬĲϣʱҲĲٿ£ֱû뵽֮С
Ԫ«ƯĪӵͷ«´򿪣Ө͸ˮԪ«֮ӿͬûĿռ֮С
Īʶ̽볤ĿռڣЩϣٵĹѾ˺þõ󷨡
Ķǰĳ֮ϣĶһ棬֮ݣһǰСϪΧûдأֻеǹ飬ϪˮӨ͸֮ʱɢźһǹͬĹâ
ڲûжֻĪӵĶԴԴӿеˮ滹ڲϵķ仯
СϪţǹҲøҫۣСϪûһƬǹ֮Уǹ֮һ㡣


ٰʮ ȺǺӭ
ˣԴԴϵˮڴԪ«Уϵ뵽ǰĳڣĪȴѾоĿǰɵˮѾҪˡ
ϾֻһƷͼƻûнķʽҲͬڴ˷ķ
һĪͷϷԪ«ʧǰϵĻ棬Ҳͬʱ񲻶ˡ
ĪӸо֮Уͷ·̺һʱҪ緢Ļɽһ㣬ӿ񱩵ƺһ̾ͻ˺ƻȻӿ
˫֮һļ볤УĪӷǳ侲ļԼƣʵʱ׳ĵطѾˣֻҪûʲôӰ죬Ǿ͸
Īһ߱֯ŽƣһٴǣΧǳ֮ǳ֮һ⣬ֱӽµǳǿ֮ͬʱ䵽ǰĳϡ
ɫǳ֮䵽ǰĳϣϵ룬Ʒͼȴ·һ޵׶һ㣬ܶǳ߲֮ܣȫյȫˡ
Ī±ƵĽҲвϵĳͣյǳ֮ˮ֮ĵϣҲѾУƷͼڲ׵ȶ
֯ƵḶ́ķѵʱ䲢̣Īͷ̫̫Ŵǣ㾭˼ʮιâĽ棬ĪӲڽԼĶ
ֻƵ̶ֳˣϧˣĪֹͣ˼֮󣬿ǰͼﻹǾЩϧ
˿ƯǰѾɵͼ͸ղַ˱仯ͼϵĻ沢ûʲôı仯ֻԭӲӵɫʱ˻ɵģô۵ˡ
ͼڲѾ˶ʮƣûǶʮơ
Īģ鱦֮е֯Ľƣʹ˷֮΢ЩͬЩƲҪںϣͺñЩһȻĪԼ֯ĽƣȻûô
ЩϧĿǰͼжʮƣĪȻѾȽˣȴʵͼеĽƣȫԱøֹ࣬ڴˡ
ͼɣȻҲͨķʽƵѶ˵ҪѺܶˣͬʱҪϵ
Ȼ鷳һ㣬Ī˵ǿɽܷΧĪȫԲԼԪ«Уǣǳܹ֮
ֽͼץУĪڲûԼ֮ôڵ飬΢Щ֣һЩҲһЩģȴһĪ̤ʵУͺĳҪĶʧãзǳϧ
ץͼĪӲû̳һԼƳͼһڵϣʼָġ
ͼĪӵĻĲСڵķȻڿݽߣĵҲȽء
ڻָڷ֮Ī˫ۣĵһ飬ֱӴͼɵǿ֮УȻתڵķͼչ
ͼչһ˲䣬ĪͻȻоƬ֮УȺһ˲䣬âƺȻһأڤڤ֮еǳ֮ĸӦ֮УҲǰδе
ȺǷ·ӦһķӦ֮УĪеͼѸٵǿ֮̿ͼƵĻ棬˲ޱȵͼȴðֱʧ
һ̣ĪӶˮ֮޷ǿ֮ɢͨˮЩͬмһЩ·ǳĻ
һӨ͸СӣƬǿУС֮еÿһˮҫͬǳһĹâȻСڿտǿ֮УԵòô۵ģĴڣȴǿ֮޷ӣȥȺǵĹʡ
ΧȺǣһ̹âһ֣Ⱥ֮ϵǳ֮ʼԷѵСлۡ
ԷĻ۶ǳ֮ԼĸӦ֮Уޱǳ֮ĪͻȻ֮·һ㣬̯óԪ«Ȼǰһ֮ϣ֮С
Īӵڤڤ֮еǳ֮·𱻴һ㣬ǿ֮Уеǳâǿգˡ
ʱ˶ע⵽ǿеΪһЩģʼ̽Ѱԭ
ϣӰɽ÷еĵӣ˿̶̧ͷգ֮УͻȻȺ貵
ԹԵģλͨ߸󣬺ϴǿô󣬲ûȥѽ÷Уڱ÷貵Ⱥǣз֮̾
ԣһ꿴һۣȻƲƲ죬סû˵
СȴһԵע⵽ˣɵתͷϴζı˵
ǲǺΪʦ˵춥ˣΪʦ˵붥죡
յĵɣڵĻ֮ѹûκεĺµķӦתͷڣޱƽ˵
ʦʰһ٣ҵӣֱӸңҪһЩɣ
仰ڰҲΣɵͷһ£Ȼ˵Ϊʦڻʰ㣬ӦøеˣȵΪʦʦʰ㣬ҿ¶᲻Ȥ
仰˵꣬վһߵתͷһۣȻ̧ͷգֻǿȴ䲻˵һ䡣
ʦܣˣ


Īǵļλɾĸ֣Ȼ緢ֵģ˿̼ȻϣǵĿ⣬ȴѾ䵽Īڵλá
ӾȻֶΣ֮ǳ֮һЩȺ󣬵ô£λɾǿ֮Уһ˶Լ˵
˵ǰתˮһЩֶΰɣֶΣ˵ȴЩΣˣԵһ˵
λɵĻһԵ⼸ǿߣɫҲЩصĵ˵ͷ
ǿ֮еİվ壬ǳ֮ǰݻһֶΣΪǿ飬ϳӦǲŹ
ǼڿĪӣֺγҲǷϳ
ˣ˿̵Īӣ֮УоԼǳ֮һַǳµٶ
ԭֻΪǳ̶֮Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾ĪӶ򣬴ﵽ˺֮ƽĳ̶ȡ
Уǻ۶ǳ֮֮ͨͬеԪ«ԴԴϵתˮ۵е֮УӣͬʱҲȵͼ
ԭĪӻ΢ЩϧԼҪͼҪһЩ򣬿ƾͼһչɵ󣬾ͼˡ
ĪѾȷȵԼͼ֮Լͼ֮ڣһơ


پʮ ̻֮
ĪչԼͼǿ֮ʱһλߣע⵽ǿ֮еı仯ϳ
Ϊǿ֮飬ϳԲӦôŲǿ֮еı仯֮ԻȽĲΪڲǿ֮Уڤ֮ڡ
ڤһƬҰģ￴ǳϳȫƾԼǳ֮գǳ֮ı仯ԲŲķ
û뵽ո̤ǿգǿ̾ͷ䣡ϳ̧ͷڤҰգа̾ϢĿƺܹ͸ڤֱӿǿ֮еĳ
Ѿܾû뿪ǿˣԴ˳֮Ҳû뿪ǿյķΧ֮УҲûٹ¶һģ뿪ǿյķΧǿ֮̾ͷ䣬ϳ˵ƺһͷ
ǿ֮еĻԥȥǷԴͷʲôȻܹǳ֮ݻһ㡣
ϧǣڤУһҪģڲܹ뿪
ϳֻڴȵԼ飬صǿ֮еʱܹҵ䷢ԭûܰǳ֮ǰݻһĶԼС
ԼͷϳҲ֪Բô룬ҲֻһʶĹ˼άϾôǳ֮ϣߵǰС
ѾҪΪ׷ܱһЩ˵ѡʵһֱĶ
˼άֻתһ˲ϳܿ͵ͷĿǰڶʵ
Ǳߣ׼ôˣ
ϳںһޱȣѩŮɿ˵֮ǰѾϵˣʱԶֻ֣ҪǣΪı챮ṩǼܹ֮õĻҪ䵽иã
ŮɵĻϳûлͷһֻۣƽ˵УǿеλȨЩҵ˵ΪҪģֻȨѡ
ĸʲôλ𣬾ҵ飬ҪҪȨƿתĹɣ챮ҪҪ
ϳһ䣬ǸѩŮɣ΢΢شͷٿڶˡ
ϳ˵Щݣֺγֻ֮£챮ջЩ᲻÷
ƺǲµŮɵ˼ϳڻͷһۣ˵Ϊڤͥ챮Ļ䵽˵ǼԻ룬ĿľǶȡ챮𣿡
˵仰֮ϳŮɣֱӱתʧˡ
ϳʧŮ΢΢ҡҡͷͻȻɢɼƬѩʧԭء
ǿ֮УΪĪͼչǳڳţĪӲÿʱỵ̈ǳ֮תΪˮӣҲҪˡ
ȻûãĪӾԸоӵûˡ
ܵĪûκԥ³֮ϣһ֮䣬ǰӣ»ͼС
ͼһ˲䣬Ⱥ貵̾ʧˡ
â貵ǳ̼»ָԭһЩ̽¼ˣֻЩźˡ
Īͼ֮ûмͣǿУתصԼڵǳ
ȻصԼڵǳ֮Ŵͼı仯ȴ˵ͼϵĻͷ˾޴ı仯ԭһСϪһӣѾȫһӡ
ͼҲˣӣܸܵһǳ֮ĵϣͼеЩǳҲøӲƺǳһϵ
ĪӸоֻҪԼԸ⣬ܹƾеͼٵػӴǳ֮
۵ı仯֮⣬ͼı仯ȻڲĽˡ
ԭʮƵͼͻȻı仯֮ͼڲĽƣѾжʮˣֱǷԾʽ
ԵԼеͼĪӲɵ
Լеͼ֮Ѿı仯ͨķͼɱȵˡ
˷ǳ֮ͲȫΪĹϵǿ֮еǳתʵһֱûн̫̫Ŵ֮⣬ĴǣĪֶ֪ȫ
£ӵĳ֣ĳ̶ֳϲһǳ֮ǳ֮øˣȻƵķȲ󣬵صݻ˵ȴʵôģĪӱ˵ǻһݴô
ǵͼĪǳ֮λᣬֱӴﵽһ֮ƽĳ̶ȡ
ԭǳ֮ĪֻΪޣϾ˷ǳ֮Ծһ·ϳûߵǳ֮ĸУ˺ķ˾޴Ĵۣѡ·
Ⲣǳ֮ãĪӶǳ֮ϻǶڵļõĺôȻܴĪԼΪ˲١
õĺôĪӵΪǰĿһͻɾ磬˺ܳһξ롣
ִȵĽĪСͨطĸĪӾãԼͻɾ磬һʱ䡣
ĪߣϸԼһõĺôϣλɾǿߣʱעȻĪڵ
λɾǿڶЩ⣬ǳ֮ǰݻһЩΪǳ֮ĴߵϳȻͷβûг֡
ԭǼ˶Ѿ׼ϳ֣Ǽ˽赲һ˲ϧϸողóɵ󷨣ҲҪŵĴ߷ӦȻסĪӣԷӰȻϵûг֡
Ǽ˵ȻΪϳǲҳôԭֻһǶԷ⣬ڶǶԷĳԭǣסһʱ֮޷١
ӣ򽻽紦ˣ󷽣֮аɣɾǿ֮Уһתͷλ˵
Ŵԣλǿ߷Ӧȷʵͬ˵ͷҲü
Ƚһ°ɣϾǳ֮ǰݻһĶһɵУ˵һ£һλüĽɸֿ˵
Ļ˵꣬һһλɾҡҡͷֱӷ˵ͥˣʲôȻֶΣͥͲ˿ӣ˵һɱסȻ֮ͥΪ令¾ͲݵѲˣ
ͥĽɻ˵Щ̫֮Īӵ̻ȴû˿ڵġ
ĪӴʱͻϳλɣһϯӦʱ򣬺ϯӦ鲻λյĽɡ


پʮһ ֻȨ
ϣղ˵λǿߣʱĿڶӣ˴˶ޱӣ˭ܸо˴˿̵ԡ
Χļɿˣɵüͷ΢壬˵ҪĪһλɣ˵ݵȷЩǷ׵ͥһλɣҲû˿Ŀڽɾǿ˵ϲôȥġ
Χ֮ûȰ裬ΪҲ֪λվЩ̫ԸЩԹЩĻԹ˶ܹסһȣӰ쵽ֵġ
˼ͥ׼ǧ꣬ɾϣŷˣ˶Ƭ֮󣬸ղ˵ɣλյĽɣЩͳ˵
ôãԴӵʣ֮ϵʱҲãΪѾߵһҪ˶ãΪͻɾ磬ǧ֮ڣ꣡λյĽɼش
ʱһԵһλɳûվ˵λѵĿģΪãȻˣҾöλҲûʲôģ޷ǾҪӰȫͬʱסϵĶҪϳУֹһ
ӼȻͥˣҵ˵Ҳл֮⣬Ȱյ˵ѵ˼ɣĽˣ
λɻһ䣬ԱߵļλҲͷЩԵλɼΧ˵ͷҲ˳ˮۣ˸̨¡
²˳٣ȥʰһ£뿪յĽɶߵļλ˵꣬ξʧ˼˵ǰҪȥĪߣ͵δǵȻǌǻǾ֮ˣ
ڌǣȻö˵ϯӦţֻҪǴߣĪӾ;Բʲô¡
ھ֮УͥĴߣҪĻ֣ܹĪӵȫ
طĪӿѡһȥĪӹȥ˵ĪϵĶΪɾǿߵȫʲô֮ġ
ÿһɾǿߣĵ·Ѿѡˣ򲻵ѣԲıԼĵ·ȥһЩĶΪǿߵҲҪƤġ
ղ˵һλɵı⣬ҲֻǲĪӵĶУʵû˼
Īߣոսͼ뵽Ԫ«֮УԪ«֮еˮ׼ܣͻȻͿһռѷ죬ԼڵǳϿա
߳λɾĸ֣ĪвûиеȣΪͼ̫ûǲһ¡
ĪӣǰŴӿռѷ֮߳λɾ֣ڶԷ֮ǰĪֱӱŶԷһ
λǰĪӣһͳǰ
֪ҵ⣿ŹĪӣλյĽһϸĴĪӣһ߶ʵ
һμϯӦʱʵͼĪӣֻǸʱ򣬶Īӣû̫⣬ֻһȽǱ󱲡
Ȼ֮ͥвٵĸֶͦĪӵģҲĪӲû̫עġ
֮ԶĪһЩӡҪԭҲΪϯӦĪĪӹĿ࿴ˡ
ɾΪܹô¶ˣɲ
ΪȽϵ͵ʱ򣬸ôˣȻ˵콾֮ҲʷĳԼ֡
Щ²⣬ǰʾɣĪӿǰλǰĻ˵
֪ǸʲôʲôֶΣ󣬸ͲزסҲãϳ֪Ǻԭ򣬾Ȼûڼ֣ܰȻ
֮ڴ˴Ǿʵ̫Σˣұ،ǣȥ֮ڣλյĽɿĪӣҲûмӣֱĪ˵
Է˵ĪоѾףԷⲻںԼڸԼľ
Ϊ̫ͣЩɼĪа̾һ䡣
֪ôλյĽ˵ЩΪԼãЩɼĸоǲ̫ϲ
ңȥǰɣĪп˼һ£Ȼܿ͸һ𰸡
ھ֮ڣĪͦȥģʱ˵ǿ֮Уаżôȥ֮ڣȵΪͻɾ֮󣬺еʱ䡣
ãͿʰ׼һ£ֱȥԷ⣡սԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻĪ˵
ĪӻͷһԼ֮оȫûκҪʰĶǼªķݣſڵһʯмǿЩһ˵ʱסЩᡣ
Ī룬óöհ׵п¼һЩݣֱ֣ͺġ
֮ǰͺԼΪﵽɾ֮ǰҪдһΣ˵ҪʧԼˣ׼һöԷܹ˵ԭ
֣Ī򽻽紦һµѣȻ߶һЩһɽ֮ˣͻȻԼҪ뿪˵ˣҲֻһöԷ˵ԭˡ
ڿ¼ö֮ĪʩչֶΣö֮ȵ˵ʱöͻԶǵǰ
飬ĪӱתͷǰĵյĽǿٴһ˵ûʲôʰˣͷǰͣ
սɼ״׼Ҫ򿪿ռѷ죬Ī뿪ͻȻ֮䣬ĶͻȻһ¶˾ŭ֮ɫиǴһãֻأң
һ־ŭӰʧĪӵǰ
Ӱʧ֮ĪӻûзӦʲô£ͻȻ֮оڤڤ֮УһִͷĸоָоԪԴһ顣
һ̣ĪúΪ֮һϣͺͻȻ֮䣬ԼԴһ飬ĪвĳͼҪһЩʲôһ㡣
ܿ죬ִͷĸо΢һЩɴš
ĪԪ֮еԪ«ɢ΢΢Ĺ⣬ĪӵԪյͨ͸ʱĪӲŸовнˡ
ڤڤ֮УһĪӣԼղ֮ԻִͷĸоΪصֻ֮⣬ͼֻܿܿصȨ
ֻأȨ֮һԴӴ˷絮ûȾָֻصȨΪϵʵ̫ˡ
֮飬ֻҪûгɾͽɣȻƵģ޷ƿֻһء
ɺɾˣǱƣܻԪľֻصһ죬ֿԷǳС
ΪֻصĴڣؼŻԽԽʢ֮ŻԽԽ֡
Ȼܹɾͽɾģ֮֮УҲֻܹôһЩ飬飬նҪֻصġ
ֻصȨʵ̫ҪȨҪӦñա


پʮ ϣ
Īӵǰ񻰴˵֮Уƹֻصĵظ֮һǳҪĵطͬҲһǳҵĵط
ǰ񻰴˵УֻرΪֻֽأƶн벻ֻ֮ͬУĳ
ȻһҪĵطһҪĵطȴںܶ񻰹֮аǵĽɫһһǡ
ͿԿһֻصȨƿأôҪĵطͺĹˡ
ȻԭֻأҲƲǶôĹĸ֣Ҫֻתʱ򣬶ҪͨҪö࣬ҪƿֻȨҪõĶࡣ
ϾھԵĹƽֻܴԵĹƽ
ֻصȨҲյĻǾͻ᲻ɱسһЩƽбʱֻص˳˽ģһЩ飬ôӰ̫ˡ
Ī֪ʱ֮ܿܿжоִͷ֮Уֻصһʾɡ
֪λߣҴҪȺ֮ȨĪԪ«£ѾûҪͷĸоˣĿǿ·вԾ뵽
йǰľ飬ĪӲϣ磬ظжƶֻȨĵط֪ⱾҲһб׵飬ĪӿվǱ״
˿̣Īһʩչͨڤĳ嶯ȥڤڵʲôֳ嶯ĪӲûΪж
ýֺͷԲµڤھڱһսⳡսʼʱ䣬ҪȾָֻȨʱ䣬飬Բ˴ֻصȨ
Щĺ֮⣬ĪڸǵģԼʦ÷֪ⳡս֮ǷܵǣţĪ뵽ͻȻһ֡
ĪȻֻһνӴȴһֶԷĪӡ
ĪӵõġԪ顷ڸոõֵʱĪӾ֪ǳ󣬿֮ϣ˽֮ϵ֮ŷ֣ԼõġԪ顷Ҫ֮ǰĸ
ܹͥĵ伮֮УȷСԪ顷Ĵڣܹÿ˽׵ģǶǾܾǰ׫ĪСԪ顷˲ݵġ
ĪеġԪ顷Ҳ˵±׫İ汾ΪһͳѾһʮĶˡ
ܹóĶټǨ֮ǱѰĹϵĪӵĸоĪӾöԷܲ٣ԷͥĹϵǷǳܵġ
Īӵʦ÷ӪȫһбϣڤͥӪӦܹӰȫһЩ
ĪӺһ˿̵ڤ֮УڱһսԭһƬڰڤգѾȫȫıײĹâˡ
Щڤѷ֮УһֱӲдЩ壬ӦˣΪʱʱͻܵĲµĹನҵϣͻӲдĻһЩģһ飬ҪǺܲһ鶼¡
Щɪɪڤѷ֮еĻ壬Щ֮е꣬ǵҪ΢һЩҲûΣյġ
ǿĹ£ܹǿ˺ıҲͬᵹùһ㣬ǻҪˣ᲻ڽս֮䣬Ҳ飬޷ӻǡ
ڤ֮Уһ͸һ˿𣬡ǲǷˣʱˣ֣ѵֻ𣿡
ˣڤͥĹʣ챮ˡ
˿̵ڱΧ챮ͬĸ֣жűҲֻ·硣
εⳡսıѾõģ˲ٵֶΣ֮ƣν˱ռƵ֮⣬пܵ컯֮λҲˡ
ĹʼķǳͻȻʲûоţΪԴӵ챮֮ʹûзͼжȡ챮ͬǣһεĹģر飬˴һʱ֮Щ֧š
е־ŭǣڳǵսʼֻصΧ飬ȴȫܲˣ˼ҪԸ
֮УҵģҪϳˣ̤ǿ֮еʵƺûܵ˿Ӱ죬Ǵ֮еĶǿߣеıȻ챮ѷɫһЩҲǳǿ
ϳ濸ţλߣһ˾ѹ챮һȫ֣ȫһҪɱʵļơ
ʵλߣֺγֻ֪Ȩ˴һô飬ǸĴ߶ˣҪ飬ĴҲһӦ
ȻĴҲӦʵ̫ѵˣǵȻŹˣԼ㹴Ǵ󺰣Ҳͬû֣ͣǹƱøˣΪĴ߽٣ǶԸʱѾˡ
Ҳ˵˼ܹµȾָֻصˣܾĸ֡
λߣҲԶһ㣬Ƕϵѡ˼ԸʣΪɴʱ֮⣬һ㣬ţֻصȨղʧ
ֻҪֻصȨʧǴڶԸ˹֮ȥ׷ȾָֻȨ飬
ϳͬҲ˵˼˵֮ǰѾǺ˵ķӦΨһ޷Ԥģλ߸ϵ컯棬ǻ᲻ֹ顣
ֻҪǲ棬ô㹻ģܹɹȡֻصȨ
˵ֻصȨʵ̫ҪӦ˵֮ģЩǵĿǷΧڡ
ʱ䲻ˣҸǴһᣬܷյסҪԼˣѹŹʴϳͻȻ֮俪ڣλ˵
Ļ䣬ƯǳͼֱӲ챮֮ϣͬʱüĴһתٶȼӿ˲٣ΧҲһǹ⡣
ϳĶΧĿռ䷢Ť챮âҲһ˲䱻ѹȥ
ϳߵЩǹ⣬ȫ۵ǰһСԲ֮У۳˿ֲһֱǰʴȥ
õʱλȻŹҲʩչǿֶΣŹʴȥ
˵Ĺڼ䵽ϵʱȴͷͻȻֳһö嵲ס
ö岢ʲôǳǿķֻһƱһĶֻ˷ǳֵܹסߵĹ
ڿöε֮ڳλ߶һѾµö
Ȼ֮䣬˷ɿĶһۣͬʱ˼ʣԭҪԸʵĹȫ׼ǿ챮ǸɱҲƴ۵챮
ҵĺոհǳͼ챮ֱӱУɢĽ˲


پʮ ȴ
ͷŽ壬ոհ˹Ĺʣԭ׼Ϳ˹ͬʱ䵽챮ϵһĻ
һ˲䣬һ޲֮Լ챮λãܹ
ǣһ̶ôһվѾˣλߵĹµʱѾ챮Ĺâðˡ
һĻùĳ˹ȵףΪâð챮澹Ȼһ˿ơ
һƵĳ֣ʵҲһ˿ɫѪҺȻΪ챮ҲһЩˡ
ʷӦǷǳģһι֮ǰѾһ챮ջأͷϷĽͻȻ֮飬۳һĽӰ
ĽӰĳ֣ڤϿգͻȻһΪ֮⡣
ţĽ⣬һĺĽ⣬ȵһԭΧʵߣӰȫʧӰˡ
ʧߣʴ˿ɫ࣬鲻ε¶ŭ֮ɫȴΪ˵룬ûа취һǻŭй
㼸֮󣬹һʧڤ֮С
ûע⵽ʧһ˲䣬ŭĿ֮УȴһĨǳ޵Ц⡣
֮ս飬󲿷Ҳʼ֣ڤ֮Уܿ»ָƽ뵽һƬڰ֮С
ڤ֮УһЩطսδЩսԭҲֻΪս˫ûаְˣ
ڻѾͣЪսڤ֮еĸ߶ûᣬĵǣ˭ô󵨣ȻȥȾָֻصȨ
λıߣͼ¡Ȩˣڿ˵ǹͬĵˣǾԲֻصȨա
ֻصڣһֱڤ֮УΪûеһ̶ȵ˶֪ʵصֻ֮ڤ
صֻ֮һƬռ䣬Ĵڣʵ֮䡣
һΪֶεˣԽӴֻصһ̶ȣֻصһЩ£ǼûжֻܹصıԴֻصıԴҲһ顣
ڽӽֻصıԴ֮ȴʮӰۼڴˣ赲ǰһܽţʮӰ϶֮ɫ
ʮӰĪĻһܹϳеһ֣ΪЩĴߡ
˶ĴߣȻֹǸͼֻȨˣϧǣھֻرԴ֮ǰȴŸסˡ
Ž֮λĴߣʮλ֮Уһ˿ڵ壬飬ϵֻصȨܹģ΢Щأضᱻˣ˿˼𣿡
˵λһλߣЩ𣬶վڽϵ˵ȫǳţӦĻֻվڽϿǡ
еĴ߼һĻһȻܹסҲжţʲôƾ֮
ǰţһλֵıźǰΧĿռͱ׵סˣֻһ֮ʵأѿš
ȻʮλߣлȸֵӰһţȴôҼɵģţһͷڤһͷֻأǿֶλƽŵķڤֻؾ٣ڳλ߶޷ܵĴۡ
ʮλ֮Уߵ߿ΪյģΪܹȴǵһݹ͡
Ǻһսڤܹô׵ڤĸ֣ܹĸӦϢĽӽֻرԴ
ʵǴһʼ֪һ˻ϵǣһԸ飬ͼģֻҲ벻ͼ֮¾Ȼô󣬶ȫһŭ顣
վڽϵߴʱҲǰȺߣһ֮䶼ǳϤ˴˽ֵĴֹһˣûһ˫ƽߣȴָҶ֡
ʱܿ͹ȥʮϢλУһһͷ߻һۣȻͬʱְĿͶһԵ飬ҲֻǻͷһְĿƻصǰϡ
֮£˸Ҷ֣бٲڤֻرԴ£ܹţɲҪˣϻվߣǵĴڣٲڤֻرԴ£ƳǰĽš
˾컯֣Ҳֻ۰Ͱ͵Ŀţȴһн
˶Ĵ߾ۼ޲ߣֻĿţĽȻЩܹܵġ
ǣЩ֮Уͷλ㿪ˡ
Ϣʱ䣬Ҫôͣ£Ҫôҵתǰǿ֮У壬ѡһ
λߴ˻һڳдߣڣȫĿƵĶվڽϵߡ
ԣҲûٱֳĬ֮һ˿˵
Ⱦȥһɱ壬ƴȫ޷ֻȨҲҪƴȫֻأӴ֮֮󣡡
ңλԣ˫Ŀ֮һĨɱ⣬ϧɱ⣬վڽϵȴû˿η壬Ե˵
Կȥ壬ҵȸҲᣡ
仰λûпڣֻǰվԭء
ְɣֻصȨĸϵ̫ˣôõģһֱûпڵ飬Ĵ߳Ĭ֮ڿ˵
飬õֻصȨ¾пܵ컯Ȼ֮ſʼãʢôôأְɣ
˵Ļվڽϵ˵ʼһǳţȫûлӦ˼
״Ҳŭԭûָ仰ܹʱãҪôƮƮȰܹãҲˡ
֮ԿȰ裬ҲֻΪͷ߶ѾˣʲôҲЩ˵ȥ
Ļ˵֮ûãߵͻȻ͸һϢ·һеսʼ𣬼ǿʼҲǽԴͷҲյ㡣
Ϣĳ֣ʮλжɵһֲԤУƺ岻֪ı˶õ飬ûгɹĿԣֻصȨѾҪյļ
ڼλ߸Ӧ֮󣬺ܿ죬ֻ֮ܿܿҪǵģͻȻһַ·Ҫʧȥɵĸо
֮УĪԪ«İ£ַ·ʧȥɵĸоǿңͬ΢΢һЩġ
λͼȾָֻȨĴߣҪɹ˰ɣڤڤ֮дָоĪһֲԤС


پʮ ıΪβ
֮ԭ֮޹ƶԴҪľԼʢ
ȻҶ֣ǾһİգʵЩĹ£ܹͷܵ˵ıʵֻ㣬һ飬޹غû׼ã࣬ı󶯵飬˼ƾʲôһܳɹ
磬¾ͯȥΪʲôԶǲսʤģΪν֮ԭûƶԴ֮֡
ֻȨϵشĪȻ֪ȾָֻȨԷԲһʱ𣬶Ǿһ׼ģǾöԷɹĿԲ̫
ϾԷҪɹ鱾Ѷȣ谭п컯涼֣һȷء
ڣʵƺǶԷҪɹˣֻصȨ
ʵѾǰˣĪȻûа취ٻɶԷɹĿܣȻ֪Է׼ЩֶΣղܹɹģˣһжѾҪˡ
ڤֻرԴ⣬λ߿ڽֻ֮رԴ֮Ŀⶼ΢΢š
ǰȻѾ˵ˣһͼȾָֻصǸˣϾҪɹˣ¹شֻȨҪˡ
ʱѾ޷ټôɿˣȺ֮Уһ֮еλͷߣ΢΢̯֮УһѪɫĹâѾ۳һԲ򣬴͸һּ֮⡣
λѣʱ˿̣˲̫ˣҪͷֹ֮ıպҵ֮׳󣬾ͻһǯƣҶ뿴һɣĴ߶Χ˵ƺ׼һУҲҪֹˡ
ڳЩߣһǼˣ˼ǳϸ֮ûԷı˼ǲµ˶Է˾ٵ⡣
֮ǰȴȴһеĳ֣Էд⣬ǽᣬҪٸһ㣬ܹһ컯֣ʱҲֻ컯棬ܹǰ⡣
֮Ժһ䣬ĴҲһ֣ͬһ֣ͬµʱ˵ֻأ붼εģ޷Ƶĸ˵ϣҷ̯Ӧܹܵ컯׷ҲзڵĿܡ
֮еͷԷĻ΢΢ĵһͷͬʱһֻƱ棬̸һɫâɵצȻֽͬĿתһԵ顣
Ĵ߽Ŀתʱ齫һֻ̧ǰĶһŷĺɫţͬһССĺڶһ㡣
һ̣λͬʱλĴߣŽɫצֻǰ̽ͷ·Ǵ˲ռִһεıݣǰ̽ȥ
ֻɫצ˲ռɾߵţȴʼոһξ룬֮Ĳ࣬ʵһңԶ
Ȼʱһźɫֻɫצǰͷ·˽ɫצһȷָֻɫצѸٵĿǰţһš
ɫŴŵһ˲䣬ɢŵĽ⣬΢΢Щ
ֻɫצڴţʹ΢ɲػζһ£ղûܹؿš
ɫצûüջأһѪɫĹâһּ֮⣬ѾϢĳ˽ŵǰѸٵ˽ϣֿٵʧˡ
Ѫɫʧͬʱ֮ϵĽ⣬ȻҲѪɫâʧֱӳһССȱڣڲգۼĹ򣬱ˡ
λһĴҲ׷׶ֿƲǷǳƴ󣬵ʵǳֲĹźȥ
λͷĴߣڷ˵һι֮󣬷ǳĬѡ˲ٳֻ֣ԭؿš
Щֵ߳ͬʱ˿̵ڤ֮УѾһƬضɽҡľˣǴ𶯣ڤҰգ·Ҳ΢΢ζš
־󣬶ڤ֮еЩ˵Ӱ첢Ǻܴ󣬵ʱ£ȴеǳľţЩڤط϶֮еЩ»ҰǱĴЩ϶֮ȫ˳ŵΧӴܣͬʱһƬǺ
ĪӸоԭֻƺһ̣ǰδевΪֻȨвһھƻв
Щֲ߽ôҰɣֻصıԴҲˣĪ뵽
ĪӵǲΪдɥĲֻرԴΪƻֻرԴˣؽΪ˾ɵӰ죬߶һܹܵ𣬾µĴܳܵ𣬿µ컯ϣҲãˣ
ֻصвУʱǳĶֻ̣Ƕ̶ֻڱƻĸоʧˡ
ڤֻرԴǰԭͷϧһЩۣ컯λߣʱѾ׷ͣˣΪǷ֣Ѿǵһ㣬׼ӦԵĴʩ
ǰĽţâȸղ΢һЩȻߵĹ˵Чġ
ǣŵǿȣеҪ΢һЩֻرԴϵҲҪ֮еһЩ
ǸղŶֹʱվڽϵߣûгֹǣֻվڽϿţȵ֮֮ͣУһ˲˵
ǾܹղǰĹֻرԴͻǵĹǿһЩţ˵ֻرԴҲűǷ˭ܳܵ𣡡
޿ֵӣڳʮλȫûпڣֻ˵ֻرԴһ֣ͬӦõסǴֻرԴûܹܵסˡ
֮ǰѾܵĳﱸ÷ǳϸˣ뵽˸ָĿܺӦԷʽ
ЩߵķӦǵԤ֮ˣΨһ޷ģλ컯棬ǲûг֡
鵽βĽ׶Σ˴ʱ˿̣λ컯滹ûκһ˳֣ĿҲͲˡ
Ӧֻ֮صϢԽԽŨ֮УԭԷתֻȨҲ˱ƿصļڳĴøӲÿˡ
ȵ֮֮Ϊڽµ飬ڤڤַ֮·ɱƿصĸоͻȻ֮ʧˡ
еȴغֻصȨıˡ
ңֻȨ˵ݣҲڤڤ֮еһ֮е顣
ֻȨߣļת֮顪正ڤڤ֮еָӦĪ˳


پʮ 
正飬֮һļת֮ļ棬仯Ȩ
岻֮УеŮ飬ͬҲִ֮УȽϵ͵һλ
Ȩ歼ûⷽ©ļתң󼫶˶ֶӣ˵һλǳ顣
˵һλ飬Ƚϵ͵ҲӦΪ֪ʵķչеͬġ
Ϊļתһֱƽȣ͵ºܶ˽ЩϰΪˣһֱûô仯Ķ˭ȥע
ԣλ飬һֱԣڶ֮⣬ܸ֮еһЩɾ֣һܹе֡
ԼƺҲû⣬飬صȨҪκε𹩷ȻҲ˴֡
ֱգһ̣֣Ϊ֮е֪Ϊӽֻ֣Ȩе鶼޷ӵĴڡ
ͼȾָֻȨ˳ɹˣĳɹûط𶯣ֻĨȥ𺳡
Ȼ֪ΪʲôĪȴǸоһδ䶨µȻֿԿ
ڤֻرԴ⣬ʮλߣʱɾۼûɢȥ
ڶڵȴţȴǰĽųȥͬʱڵȴѾֻȨ歳
˵Ⱥ֮Ҫֻ߳رԴ正ΪڴߵĲΣ˵һԾΪ컯档
歱飬ͬҲһλߣеĴ֮УȲһΪҲǲģֻصȨһλ˵ܹʹΪǰһ󲽣п컯ĲΡ
ĳΪ컯棬ôһεΪֻѡˡ
λߵĵȴ֮Уŵĺ󷽣ֻصϢ֮⣬͸һĨϢ
һϢ˸ܵһĪѹЩߣҲԶԶġ
ӦϢʮλɫΪ֮һ䣬վڽϵߣǵȴ¶Цݡ
Ϣǿȣʵûе컯ĳ̶ȣϢڿٵǿѾǸκܽӽˣﵽ컯ĲΣȫʮþȵ顣
ܿ죬ϢͱԽԽǿˣҪ컯ĲΣ֮䣬Ϊһλ컯棬ҲһЩ
ֻкɫͻɫɫڤУ˿еĻ壬оһһֲѹͬʱڤڰϣȻһЩɫţһɺгůĴ磬ȡڤ֮е磬ƬڤأЩ壬Ҳܵһ˿ů
˼ϣ˿̸һƬϸ꣬ϸ󣬴ľˣһЩǱ˶ۣЩӺ֮ϣҪĵطܶ࣬ӯˮú֮еҲ档
ǿ֮ڣĪӻ̯ƣŴǿոƮµѩ䵽Լ֮кڻһ˵ĸо
ȥĿ֮ʶܹ̽⵽򣬶ѩƮ䣬ǿ֮ڶˣ֤ĪӸղָоƺȷֿԿ
һƬƬѩ֮󲻾ãĪͻȻ֮оһɺƴѹǿ֮ӿ
һϢѾ˴ߵķ룬ﵽ컯ĳ̶ȡ
ֻȨ正ɾ컯ˣһ˲䣬Īоðͷ
ʱɾ컯ģпܵľֻбǴߣָոջֻȨ歡
ֵҲܷ϶Էļת֮ݡ
ֻرԴ֮⣬ʮλߣнϵߣǴ˿̶ǾˣִɢѹҲġ
ѹȻԽѹݷҲ㹻Ǽۼ˼һλ컯棬ǻܹ׷
ʮλߴ˿̵飬վڽϵߣȻǺǵȫ෴˵ϣֳ˵Цݡ
֮ܿɢˣֻǹͬһѹ֮䣬ʾţֶ֮һλ컯档
λУһˣߵ˵ЩʲôȻλߺǰʮλߵ棬ֱӽܽ
˽ŵߣڳʮλĿȻЩƣûκһ˶֣һһλֱתʧԭء
ţһλ뿪ˣֻͷλλ߻ԭء
Ĵ߿һĻҲȫо⣬Ƣ߰Ȼûа취Ͳѡ뿪Ҳ
֮ԻλĴû뿪ΪҪɾ컯正ͬʱȴһ𰸡
ĴߣҲġ
λߵĵȴ֮У컯ϢĿʼˣ歵Ӱȴʼնûг֡
иеЩɻ󣬾λߣʱҲЩɻ
λ߻һۣתѸٵֻرԴӽǵǿʱԽԼûа취ֻرԴ֮Уȫһ֮ˣǻЩϤ
ٴγԵʱһǳȴ뵽ǵĶУһʣµļλߣͬҲ
ֻصأ𴳣
֮󣬴ǰֻرԴ֮У߳һӰ
һĳȹȫûаװΣֵĮͷ·תļ˸еرľޣȴ޷ӡ
正㣿֮Уһ˿߳˫͸ֵĮͻȻЩĿڡ
ȻƽʱϲҲϲ˫ۣԲǰ㵭Įͷ·һУ޷һ㡣
λߵĺתͷĿ֮Į˿ĸ顣
ֻصأӽȲɿֻصأҲƾֶΣֻתȻƽ˿Ļ歿˵ǸǰĴߣͬҲڸԱЩߡ
Ĵһڳߣɫ˲ʹ䣬ǰ歵⸱ģܹ֪վ˳ԤڵĲ
ǰ歵ӣƺֻصȨֻصȨƿ
һԵļλͬҲʶһ㣬һ˲䣬ԭѿɫתˣ߻һۣԼ͸һ˿Ц⡣
ԭΪıǶһλ컯棬һȡֻصȨڿλ컯棬²վһˣпܣһҪʧһλˡ


پʮ ֻ
ڵ״̬λȻûϵһеıеķǳ˳ĽȻȴǵƿء
ֳƿصĽͬҲ޷ܵģΪݽմӰ죬˵ʵ̫ˡ
ûһλ컯ѹ͹ƾһ飬ºⲻҪˣԿԤǣǽΪ˸޴Ĵۡ
Ĵʶ֮ǵķӦҲǳĿ죬һλϸһֻɬϢٵĿʲôΧˣλߣǰ֮⣬Ĵ߶ʲô
֮£ǰޱ正üͷͻȻ΢΢һ£Ŀתеλߣ̧ܷܷ֣һѹĶȻʲô̾ͣˣͬʱβɵ˰벽Ϣһ
һĻλĴжһղǵͬ飬ͼ正ڿַЧڵ״̬Ѿû˶УЩ壬ҲİһԴ
ֻصأȽĪҪ㣬ھ뿪ɣ死ķƣĿɨǰЩߣ֮в˿˵
ĻЩȴû뿪֮еͷˣǳĬοʵ
ʣҵȽӦóΪ歵ѣǳ歵棿λߵ⡣
ʣ֮Ƿʹ˽ˣߵ⡣
ʣӽָֻܷα֤ʳ⡣
λʳ⣬ƺһȤĿҲתλߡ
λĴߣ˵
Ϊ正ִֻأֻ֮ڣɳ컯ֻ֮⣬컯
һڳĴһֻ֮ڣɳ컯ֻ֮⣬컯˵正컯棬ĳƺҲûдϵƺһ㣬Ϳ˵ܶ⡣
ڻشߵֽ֮ĿתλߣޱĿڵ֮δ
شǳļ򵥣ͬҲǳȷشڳλߣжһĨϲɫʹţǻʶ컯Ļᡣ
Ϣпܵ컯˵һϢǸΪԼ׼һıпܻܹõϡ
ش⣬ֻʣ⣬歽Ŀ⿴ʱȻûκεı飬˵Ļȴ˸оһ˿֣ء
ӽֻأһнȥֻߣҪնϹȻһȥҪߣȾң֮֮ҷ𣡡
ֻ֮ʱһֻתƶֻжϣƫ룬֣
歵Ļ΢΢ĵһͷҲûʲô飬˿һʲô
ΧĴ歵ĻͬҲٵ˼Ǳȴ˿©
ԣֻصתʵֻ࣬Ǳøӹϸˣ˵һֻعĺߣ˵һ¡
бף˵һ£ɶЩΪ˵δһˡ
ʱΪǿˣΪһЩԭҪֻصԼͶ̥תһЩΪǿ֮ˣڶȹֻ֮󣬴඼Լļ䣬һЩ˵ģҲպ֮УؾѼ䡣
ǴӽҪֻصԣ뱣סԼļ䣬Ͳô׵ˡ
˵ˣǿ֮ˣܹǿдȥȻҪںһ㣬ǿʧܵģ־ǻΪһҡ
һλֻ֮ӵ컯ʵǿߣǰôУûһܹӶԷдȥģҪ˵ˡ
ЩߣҲû󣬵һϳĵ;֮⣬ûж˻ֻصת֮ġ
ֻصӰ죬ЩΪģҪֻת޵ˣӽЩˡ
ֻ֮ǰļƺѱ㱣ģҲԲ̫࣬һЩҪת޵ˣ͵úúõˣ˵ת֮󣬾֮·ĻᶼûС
һ㲻Ӱ죬ʵ߶ܹܣϾ·ˣǰ;Ĵ֮£˽Ŀԣûж˻ѵ;е±ӡ
ڻشڳЩߵ֮ĿɨһۣǰһӣȻڳЩߣ͸оһ͵䵽ϣȥ
ܵ˴඼ûз˳ֱ˵ڤ֮С
һ쳹֮䣬Ǿ֮ϣڤ֮Уе鶼һöϣͬʱ˿
Ϊ正ػֻתάֻعߣ׽ӽֻرԴ಻׸ֻתǿֻߣǿ߹߻Ϊһң֪
Īǿ֮УȻҲ˿͸ϢȴǷǳḻġ
ػֻתάֻعĪһĨɫ߶һ仰
仰˼ƿֻȨ正ƺûнҪЩʲô˼ǳΪֻתĺߣôЩ˼ˡ
ղŶԷ˵мκεĸ飬ָоĪҲ΢Щ֡
ԼǰЩ񻰹£ĪðһЩܵͷ
ò歱ֻӰ죬ʶƿֻȨĹбȡ˰ɣ
Īͷһ̲סⷽˣΪǺпܡ
ֻصתطǳҪĸ֮һϵ飬ҪȨڱƿصʱ컯ûгֹҪôǷΣҪô޿֡
ϵתֻȨεĿԲ󣬶ߵĿҪһЩ
˵λ컯֪ҪȾָֻȨˣջΪֻصػߣȫ޶ԣ˳ˮһ£ܴҶּɵ顣
һֻ֮жһλߣӱֻ֤صĹԣԶкôЩҪת֮˵˽ģȫҪˡ
˼˴ĪĿͻȻ˾ȽңԶǿĴǡ
˵һ뵽歳һֻغߣǾʹһıղûǻǸһ鷳һʧһλߣ
ڿԤֻҪվһôҪùˣȻû֮ҪܴĴۣռݵĵ̣ҲҪˮܶ࣡


پʮ Ⱥ
Ī弴Ҫùˣ⵹ùĿˣЩͨ壬ڤ֮УλĴߡ
ΧļλǲƵλߣ˿ж΢΢Щ࣬ıõ飬һнеĶǳ˳ֻĽգյĺȴǼصġ
Ҫ뿪ЩߵİΧ֮УûߵĻᣬռ䱻ģ˵ϢѾεˣֻҪһ춯ȴǵľ˼λߵֶΡ
λ֮Уһλ촽΢΢ţƺ˵ЩʲôջǷˣΪʱ򣬶˵Ѿ棬ܹǰֵģֻƾʵ
ԭļƻ֮УƿֻصȨʵ֮£ʱûʱ򣬷ھԵʵ֮£Ҳ鷳ֻϢԶԡ
ڣĽƿأƽϢŭҪǵ⡣
λѣʱ˿̣Ҫ֮ԣһȺ֮УͷĴ߿ǰλʵʳ仰ȴ˱⣬ǲεĶ⡣
λԣʱ˵Щʲôأֻܿ˵˴ȾָȨ岢δ𺦵棬ʧλܹ΢ԭһ£嶨ڴ˴֮£λһ
λΪεȽܹ׽½ҹͷλЦ˵
𣬷֮ռ֮أΣһ˵
ֻܳһЩѪóһЩ̣пܻ½⣬鵫ƽϢȥ
˵֮ڵĵ̣ĸǿ֮УǾ֮ڣھ֮ڵҲǸ֮˵ȽģȫˣҲ˽ǣֻʧһЩ棬˵ʧֻʱġ
ߴԣĻشǳļ򵥣ֻƮƮ֡

³֣ҪҲⳡߵ˼
ڳһ֪ĲִۣĶ
ǸλҪλ֮Уһʵ
˾֮еǿ֮УҲҪóʮŴǣϰٿǣ֮λѣþͲҪˣߵĻλͷĴһЩľ˵Ҫ
ⲻܣҪλȻǲܴӦġ
ȰλôӦĻҵֻǿλѴӦҪһЩνˣλ߼˵
ˣλȡɣ֮еһλ˵
仰˵꣬ߵı̳һȦɫĹ⻷⻷еÿһâɢһ鶯֮⣬ͷ·ɹ⻷һâȫǻŵһ㣬鶯ޱȡ
λߵĶλߣʱҲòŶ֡
ΧΧߣλߵĶȻҲǣ󶼷ǳϵѡ˳֡
λֵ߳ʱλ߲ûһͬǳĬѡȶΧĿռ䣬λ߽ƻʼվһطһͲڤ̫Ӱ졣
ⳡսеʱ֮еĳһ㣬Ҫλߣڶͬǿһ֣ͬҲһ򵥵飬漰ԭȽ϶ࡣ
˵ӵնɱһλߵʵϣ¸干ͬԸĴߣȴûа취ɱ֣Ҷڱ˴˱ĵƣ˭Ҳڱǰ׵Ľҿ
ڶĴһ֣ͬ˴֮ҪͬʱҲҪλȫ֣˳֮£Ȼ޷׵ؽ¡
ڶһ֣ͬлλеĴߣǸĻóѹ׵ı£λߣվҪ˲٣ûֶλ߷ֲܹջǱˡ
λߣͷ˱˴֮ҲͬĬҶѡ˸һλ
ĵѣҵȸԿѺһλɣȵεҵһͬһ£δλѣλΪΣͷλ߶飬ͷ˵
Ŵԣ˶ǵ˵ͷͬ顣
Ǿʱ俴ѺȻΪ֮¸һЩۣмǣжȣҪƵ̫һԼͭķ˵еͭ͹ѺһĴߡ
ʵԵĻϣܹɱͭѺߣһΣȴһܺõĻᣬҪ˼ɵȽ϶࣬лһԭǹ歵ġ
ڵ״̬ƺƿֻȨ֮󣬳һƿһ״̬飬ڴ˷ػǵһηλҲǷǳȷĿǰ״̬һֱάϵţ˵һͻȻѣͲô
˵ĲͰ֮ǰԣһѵͺãλߵͷһѪ˵
仰λҲû˾ʹ˹ʶȻһڴߵӰ˲ʧڤ֮С
ô˵ʱ뿪ˣ
ʱ֮һĪӿǰĵսɣԸд㵵ʵ
û巸ŭߴɹʶҪ֮һѵһҪ巢ˡ
֮ǰڴûʱᣬҲԹ˲Ͼϳ¶ʱ֮ڣûʱ;鷳ڴս֮ȥǣλսɶĪ˵
仰˵֮ŲǰƺҪȥӣǰ֮ͣ˵
ս֮ȥˌǣһʱ֮ڣ㲻սˣϧսĻᣬս֮УһῴһЩģ
仰˵꣬λսûͣһ˲ʧĪӵǰ
λսɵ뿪ĪвеЩû뵽ķչĺԼĲ࣬Ĵ正ֻصȨ֮ɥʧԼʶУһĻֻߡ
ȻҲԼĲ࣬Ҫùˡ
ݵսɸϢһλѾѹʣϳʣ಻֪мλߣԵֵס干ͬѪѾǿ϶ˡ
ҵͼ뿪֮ǰܹչһ뵽ĴսĪѾҪǰʼչ֮
ͼ֮ʱ̫󣬸زסĪҲɴ಻׼Ҵţʹ󷽷Ľֶ
ⳡսԼӦòκΣգղλսҲ˵ˣս֮пԼˣ͸ûˣ


پʮ һ
ʩѹʱ䲢ûϵ̫ãڵս뿪ֻ֮˴Լʱ䣬ߣͺܿжˡ
֮жôԭΪǿѪɫǣѾٵˣȻһҪԵ
һҪ󳷣ߵĽɸ֣ȴ⣬òһλᣬȻҪ߾ܣݺݵĴ˺һ⣬һоʹѪɫĴǿʼ
ÿһŴ߱ǳ֮ǷǳģͬҲǶһ޶ģҲǳ֮ƵĴǣûȫͬĴǡ
־߱ɱ¾⾳Ĵǣɢǳ֮ڽս֮ʱ»һЩЧһռݵĶʮĿŴǣĿǰΪֹûⷽ⹦õġ
ǿ֮УѾٳˣǰǼλɾǿߣɾĸ֣ĩβЩɡ
ĪεȻǰȥԼĿܶûзųɾ֮Уѡǰȥ˻в٣Īһ۾Ⱥ֮ҳ˺Ӱϧǣȴûҵ֣
ĪȺ֮ҵ˺棬浱ȻҲĪӣ˲ûпֻԶԶĵͷ˸к
һ˲ϵǰȴǳͨģڳ˵ĹУ;ǿ˲ٵĺ֣ЩֶζΣգǼλǿ߶ǰ棬ɣ¶ⲻҪĽ
ǰĽɸֿ·ĪЩǰнĹȻǱȽϰȫģҾǿѪɫǣ˴˼ҲԽԽˡ
ԽǿѪɫĴǣ弸λɾǿǰٶȾԽ죬ҪĽסǿѪɫĴǡ
ѪɫĴһֱ˵ڣһЩǳϣѾĺۼŴټ˻ȥ¾ͻ֧ԮʱǾòŴˣ
λǿٶȼӿ죬ֻǿ֮һֱӳǿѪɫǵΧȻǿѪɫĴǽסˡ
ǹ˼;µЩֶΣ뽫ս֮أ΢ĺƽһЩĻƾɾǿߵʵʵľסǿѪɫĴǣڶסѪɫĴǣǾʹţ˫ս֮ѡڴ˴ˡ
սһǴӽɾǿ֮俪ʼġ
ѪɫĴ֮ϣ;޴γǿ֮Уÿһֱֻŵɱȫһɫ졣
ڶԷֵ˲䣬ı֮޷ǿ֮дˣһڶԷ֮£ͺһûսģ¡¡ͣҲԪ񶼷·Ľ࣬΢ЩΪȽϵ͵ģڵķ΢Щӿ
λ֮һޱȵѪɫâǿѪɫǵı漤ѪɫâڲƺһĽ⣬ԼɼһʸеëѪɫâȴǿѪɫеǳ֮
֮ͬ£ѪɫĹâޱȣҳһɱ¾֮⣬һֽǿ߽ɱζ
ŵѪɫâ֮ģһԲ顣ƯǿѪɫǵϷɢˮһ㵭⣬һȦȦΧɢǲŰĴȥĲˡ
⵭⣬ȴѪɫǳ֮һԭӦ÷ǳ͵Ĺâ˲ͱðɱ
ЩֶΣȻѪɫϵλɳˣΪǶֵһǿߣͬҲ׼Ҳʩչ˸ԵֶΣ˿˵ĺλײ
ǿ֮УΪλǿ߹һײȻһҫ۵Ĺâڹâʧ֮󣬼λǿߵϢҲͻȻ֮ʧˡ
Ī֪⼸λǿߣΪ˲ǽֵನӰˣѡ񿪱սΪǽ֮ǿ֮ߣҪ˽Ѫɫǳˡ
ڰУĽϵǿߣڰעⳡսӦΧƺʧȥ˽ǿߵϢĪȴ
һθʩѹжһúôģǿߣȻһˣεս̫֮ʧԱض˿š
ӪǰЩɸ֣˿Ѿ׷׵Գطָ࣬ͬķǿ֮г֣ɢű˴˲ͬϣӿٶȳǿѪɫǡ
ЩɸǰĹУǿѪɫĴǣͣǿУԭػתš
ѪɫǱɢѪɫǹ⣬ȴǳתĹ֮Уøҫˡ
Ѫɫǹøҫ֮ǹҫķΧȻҲ֮ˡ
ڽӽѪɫǹֵķΧ֮󣬳ǰλɸ֣ϵķֶΣѪɫǹĥ֮¹âϵ
ֻĥֶΣֹɸֵĽŲЩɾǿߣÿ˶ȱٷֶΣѪɫǳ֮ĥ֮£ҲǴǿѪɫĴǡ
ЩɸôһֱɵĹⶥѪɫǳ֮ǰС
һλɾŮɣϵŴ磬ƺ̫ɹĵӣط࣬ͬҲ֤һ㡣
ֻ̫ɹŮһһ£ɢ͵Ĺâֱǰ俪Ѫɫǳ֮пһͨ
һλɸ֣ط࣬ӿһƺԼһЩ֡
ʱλɸֱطԻѾĴˣ򿪣Ѫɫǳ֮еɱ¾⾳ͺһ㾻һ㣬ԭһЩҲӰ첻ߵˡ
ۼ˲ϵĿѪɫϵЩ壬ȻԴУ׷뿪ǿѪɫĴǣųɱӭȥ
ĪӿЩ뿪Ѫɫǣ߳壬׼ӭȥͻȻ͸е߲Զһɽһš
תͷһĪӾͿĿԼԼһԴƵȻλһ⣬ֱǰȥ
һĻĪӲɵҡͷЦΪ˾磬ǽޣҲٻСһƵľٶ
֮ľٶĲȻǲ죬һ֮俪ЦǾùϵԲˡ
ȻԺľٶ΢Щ⣬ĪҲԵһЩȤ׼Ӧһºơ
ǰǿѪɫĴϣ˵٣˿Щ֮Ȼɵࡣ
ռƵ£ЩɣȻһЩһЩɳ˹ĪѾоԼһǿϢˡ
£ĪӲŲæȡԪ«еԼͼԭһսǴ󷽷ؽͼչֳǾȫҪصʹãλԼɣΪ֮еĵһɡ
Īǰһξ룬һͨڻ֮Уһ˫ɣֱĪӷȥĪӡ
ѾоЩɾ֮УĪӾʵǿļ׼Īӿ
ЩǣĿ徹ȻܣĿ⿴ĪĹʡ
һ̣ͻȻһɱѸٵıȻͻȻ˺ˮʵ
ţһޱΣյĴӣͻȻͳǰӿĺˮһֱӾͽûУ


پʮ չ
Ө͸ͻȻ֣ǿ֮УԵκεͻأ·ԭӦ
ˮֵĵһʱ䣬ԭڳĪӵɣֱӱûˮ֮С
Ȼһ飬Ǿ㵹ùˣעΪ֮еĵһˣվ֮ϣĪӿű֮ͨУûгȥɣа
еͷĪһ֮ˮٶȼӿһ֣Ѿ֮еɣˮټ٣׵ĳû֮УΪͼ֮µĵһ꣬ʬ޴֡
ѾжʮƵͼչֵ֮ӣѾһˣȻȲ㣬Ѿ򽭵һ룬Գơ
һ֣˲һɣˡ׷׵ĲĿ
Īվ֮ϣ·ǳ֮ޱȵͬʱ֪ҲøˣԼܹ֮һЩǿĴڣ˿ĿעԼдģҲôһĿУһЩƵ
ԼϵЩĿ⣬ĪѾԤϣҲ⣬ҲãҲգʱԼʲô̫ΣգֻҪչһ֮ʶӵǿ
һ㣬⧲֮¸ɵһɻĪӻҪǿһЩ
ǿ޴ڵǳ֮ʱɿ֮лۣվϵĪӣһϵϢѾΪͨɾǿߣһ̣ϢһܹǿĪӡ
ʵˮǿ֮пٵǰÿһηɽˮ飬ǾӨ͸ǳһ㣬ǰҫۣɱ
ԦӣĪοٵǰ֮һ˷׷ױã֮УһЩԾʵһˣҲͬܿĪӡ
¼Ԧǰӵˣֻһɶѣǰ壬Ѿľˡ
ܿ죬ĪӾҵµĿ꣬һʵﵽɾڵɣɲ֪õʲôͨӰȻǧһ֮ѹɡ
еɱҲǳһЩŹֵķƴӶɣɢһϢ֮䣬ٶȿ쵽壬ֻԷлĶɱѾһɣĶԷϵķֶҵ𵴣ٿ¼ˡ
ۼսļ᧿ΣĪҲԥƵһˮֱϯȥ
ԭλǧɣˮϯʱǳǧӰһ˲һ뱻ûҲӦʱ˲ʧԭأűһ
ףһû˶ԷķĪȴͻȻоˮ֮еЩȻ֮ȫû֧סˮ֮г׵ˣЩ֮ʱָоȴĪӸеЩ֡
ЩѾķͺȫʵһ㣬оЩã֮ĸоĪҲЩ˵
ʱĪӵǰղݵĹŹɱѾֱӳͷϷӴĶͷֻôһָҵľ롣
һʵ̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻˣĪ˲䶼ЩԷӳִ֮ӦԵʱĪȴ֣ԼٶƺЩǶת΢һЩֻ˼άת鱦£ûܵʲôӰ졣
ĪӿȷԼϣûиеκ谭ֻĸоͷ·ʱ䱻һЩ
ʱ֮뵽ʱ䱻һЩĪףɣΪλٶôˣԭԷģȻʱ֮
ʱˣͷɱѾ٣ۿһ֮£Ī˵ҪˣǱһ֮ˣǧһ֮ʣԪ«ͻȻĪӵͷĪӵһ
ţͷµɱͻȻʧˣתĪӵĺ󱳣ȻԪ«Ҳʧٴεɱǰ
һ֮ĪӸоʱ»ָ̳뵽˽µ֮С
û֮УĪһâһʩչһõûùĵˮж
ĪʩչˮжʱӰ׵֮УоʶٴηŴˣӵĲݣҲƺһֱĸо
ƵĪӵ룬ˮ˲ǰӿȥɣڿʣķʱЩΧʱ䣬ͷ·һ˲һ㣬һΣƵˮֱǿƵƿǱûʱ䣬һû˴󲿷ʣµķ
ĪѾжϳʣµ⼸֮Уһɵˡ
ǲٴһתֱӾɣӿӣɻûӿϵϢͻȻһǧɣ·һܵʲôش
Ҳȷܵشӿӣʱ֮ɣͼʱֹͣɵôʱȴԼԵģ·嫵ǿգƾ޷һ˲䣬ǿնʱ֮ͣУȻ⵽˷ɡ
ۼѾ˸ǰ֮£ֻܽȫķע뵽еɱڡ
ʽŹֵɱķμ֮ȫ΢΢ĹâһʱϣȻɣͱû֮С
ȻʱõԼϣ뵽ԵĽֹʱУϧ״̬֮£վŲ˶ãĪӸӦűûӵɣ˶ԷΪͼȴҡҡͷ
֮УôܹסԼģοӿݵġ
ĪӵĲ£ϵֶΣԴԴϵˮĥģеǼɱϣâҲðˣǼɱâ׵Ϩ𣬱ҲһѺۣȻڲĽֹ׵ıˡ
ɱıΧʱ»ָϣͻȻһ⣬Ȼĳ֮ﱻˣʱס
ˣסı֮ƺ˿ռֶΣҪɴ룬ϧǣֿռֶΣ֮иſͱӿˮֱӳˣȻϵĽ⣬Ҳûлס೤ʱ䣬ˮ֮ˡ
Ļֶˣ֮еȻ⣬ֱ˹ˮ֮С
ڹˮ֮ĪݵȻǰһת죬ûһɣԷѹû˿ĵֿҲ֮ͬڡ
̶Ƭ̵ʱڣһʵȺһλû˿ֿ֮䣬ΧΪ֮󾪣׷˶ֺ󳷡


 ɫӰ
ߵĵһ˲󳷣ĪӵӰҲ³֮ϡ
ʱ򣬲һߵˣ׷׶ĿͶĪӡ
ǰԦӵĪӣһ˵ͬҲЩ⣬Ȼ֮ðһǿߣЩˣʶĪӵȴǺܶࡣ
һЩˣĪ΢Щӡ󣬵ǵӡУĪӦֻһɣ츳֮м裬ڼԦӵĪӣȻΪûеɾ磬Щɸ֣ҲһСơ
ЦԷµӣӳֵڣѾ׾ٵûλɣڳܹɸ޼
˿ΪӵģӦþҪֳֳĺˣԭĪӺǸƵ񣬾׼Īӱһȣڴս֮У˭ıֻһЩܹնɱĵˣڣ֮仹кοɱȣ̫һڵĽޣǰӣҲһС
ȻһУΪޣͬнְ۲ӵľ񣬼ڿĪӴ֮Ҳ˿ԷƱֻа¾ģҪ³Īӡ
֮ϣĪע⵽Χ䵽ԼϵĿ⣬ЩпԼĿ⣬ԭԼЩģʱǶ
ûһĸڰѹĪţʱ򣬿ǱĿ⣬ѾԼˡ
ڶĿע£վ֮ϵĪӣĿ䵽ǰǿѪɫĴ֮ϣĿ⣬µӣѾԥǿѪɫǶȥ
ѪɫɢѪɫǳ֮ӵӣֻԵһ谭ã޷ֹӵĿЩɾ壬ֻԼƴȫʩչǿֶΣֹӵĿ
һռ֮ɣӵǰһռѷ죬֪ͨηͼַʽ赲ס
ֶʵǰ˵ˮȷʵռѷ֮УĹȴǿƵؽռѷˡ
ֵֶΣʱҲ඼û赲סǰĽŲұǰˮڿЩ֮ǰ˷ǳķΪ˼Щֲƶȥ
ԷΪӣЩҲ׵ĽӴ׷ײȡ˶ܵķʽһλɶܲˮ΢΢Ĳһ£Ȼ屻ĵطһ飬ȱ֮һɿ񱩵ǳ֮Ű
ӵѹ£е֣˵ǿŴ֮ǰֻɼˮʱҲֱӳǿѪɫĴΧһԲȻ󲻶ϵıƽ
Щˮ֮£ƶѹסˣһ˿ĪӵĿ֮УһĨɡ
ͬʱǵҲЩʣȽӣôֲܹһƾԿôɸ֣˴Ŀȣӹټ
ЩеĪӲ֪ǶĴ𰸣ȴܹش
֮ȷƾ֮Ըɾĸֵȷǲѣܹһѹôɣʵ΢Щġ
֮ĪӺԵñȽɵһ㣬Ϊոոɴ֮Уʹɵ
ӽղϵһζԵУЩɸֲϤϸҲеһԭ
һ㣬ǾЩˣεսǵġ
Ҳһսٵʲô干ͬʩѹ֮£һսɣһעսܹòս̫ս⡣
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֮У䵽Ѫɫϵˮ˲ʱ·𶨸һ̣ˮµӣ˸ǹ⣬񲻶ˡ

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ȻţʣµļǿߣǵӰҲͬʧˡ
Щǿʧ֮ǰĪӶͻȻһǰϵĸǲùܣµҪԼܹ¶ٴǺǣοҪǵˣ
ǳİĪʶκһλֵĴģҲֻһΧˣ
ڶݵĳ֮ĪͻȻ䷢֣һЩ˾ȻĿ⿴ƺڵȴǰ壬ˣƺࡣ
Ī˲ܹͨ޷Լͼ֮ѾЩ˵˺ӡûнǿߴ£ȻὫĿͶȺ֮еǿߡ
ǰ飬ĪӳͷȻĪӵǰ棬Ǿ̫һڵĽǿߡ
Ŀ⿴ĪӵʱѾм⣬ɵȥ
龰ͬһЩųɣ͸ȥĪӼ״Ҳûжԥȥ
ĪӸȥ֮󣬸ղЩĿͶˣҲ̸ȥʱϸĵ˾ͻ֣ᷢĪһͬжЩˣͥˡ
ǰĽ֮Īǰ˻ûãͿǼλ̫һڵĽޣѾǿ֮к彻֡
սȻö˵Īӿ⼸ڽֵĵطĻʱо޵սǽ޵ĵӸһ㡣
һĽޣȻӴֱӸһȺսһǺЩɸıȽϿ죬⼸ˣ¾Ҫ˸Բˣ
̾Щ޵ĵӴ󣬲ĪҲ֪Щ޲çײ֮ԸôΪ֪Ǻһˣ벢ûǳȥ֮ȻϣԲŻᵨô
һţĪҲٿ˹ȥҿʼݶͼչǿ֮г֡
ƴһ֣ĪΧ˾̶ԶԶģ±ͬʱҲں棬׼Īӷ
վ֮ϣĪӼԦӣǿƵĳˡ
ĪӳǰȥЩУһӾͳʮλɣӭĪӼԦӣʣΪȽϵ͵ˣǿٵԶӣȻҲ֪֮ԲŻô
ʮλɾǿߣһɲݺӵԦӣĪӶԳʮɣҲ˿СƣѾʮֵľ׼ʮλһ
ǿ֮һӨ͸ˮһ㣬ʮλɾĻȥ
ʮɾУһɵǰ˫̯ǰһɱǽ۶赲ˮǰ
ˮ䵽ɱǽϵʱɱǽûܹ赲סˮֱӱ飬ұˮ֮С
ڱǽʮ֣ʱѾһ赲סˮеļˣٵĪӷ˹
һɵУһɢˮһЩͼϷ̾һεװΡ
ֱӽеˮˮһףȻͼˮˮϳһУûΧˮ
ĪӸоɱȻڽ֮û̱ˮ𣬷ǿʼΧˮҲ΢΢Щȣʱȴûа취ȥ֮еɱΪɣĹҲͬѲ
һɵһɫľӣһ⣬ˮ֮У˲佫һƬˮӳͨ죬¶Ҳеơ
澵֮УĪԼܹ쵽̫к̺̫ܿǳĲ
ĪӻоԼΧĿռ䣬ƺҲһɸסˣӵһ֮󣬾Ȼռƣ޷ǰ壬ҪǿƳƣҲû
Щֶ֮⣬ĪӻоһɹϢ뵽ԼԪƺҪԼԪĨɱ
ɹͬҲʮλɸ֮һԷֶΣõƺ׼֮
ڶֶһͬ䵽ĪӵϣȷǷǳӦʮ壬ȻȶĪ˽֮Ī׼һοնɱⶼǵˡ
ǵȷǵķǳܣֵĿҲͬڣЩ͹Īӡ
ĪԪֹ֮ûܹ˵ĪӵԪ񣬾ͱĪԪ֮еԪ«ˡ
ӰӵļֵɱȻһЩӰ죬ȴû֮ӰôڱûһЩˮ֮֮ˮȻ֮һʮĸ־ֻѡˡ
УĪпٵı任ӡͬʱˮֻɼ⼸ĸֲƶȥ
ڶ֮УһͻȻ֣ԼΧȻϢƯһεξӨ͸ˮ飬Ҳ޷ƶˡ
һ̣һεˮȫ־£ÿһˮЯоһ΢Сǳݺһ£ԴԴϵĹ֮£ܿͱĻеˮۼһ̣֮ˮֱӽûʣµһԪ֮С
֮ʱͻȻ֮䣬Īһ·ڴڷһ̾Ϣ
ͷ̫̫Ŵǣ˿̹âͬʱðһЩͷ·ͬҲڱһ
ԭڽֵˣʱͬʱͣĿ
޹⣬ǣнǿˣĪתͷŸղķЩŵ


 
ߣҲ
ɾǿߣԪƣܹϣͬٵĴڣ֮;ϣѾߵһ׶εߡ
Īӵǰ֮УɾǿߣǼΪзĴڡ
ڴ˷絮սĽɾǿߣ̫࣬һλսĽǿߣѾǧǰˡ
εⳡսĪû뵽Ļһλɾǿ䣬ڵ伮֮жļأԼʶˡ
ɾǿߣԼ֮ѾյļΪԼ֮ҲѾ˽ܵϵһλǿߵ䣬֮ʱضΪ֮Ӷ޹⣬һ
ʱķٿͷϷâޱ̫̫ŴǣĪɻǣһ˽ɾǿߣ
һôս¾ͲװˣԭռݼŴǵģھͱһսҲҪնɱһλɣΪĽǿ߱С
һһλǿߵĻռǳϵջ񣬾Ҫȼƻ֮еҪһЩˣϾһλǿߣռһŴȣƺǰ߸ҪһЩ
Īߣս˶ݼ֮ͣԭֵͣˣͬʱǶԸĪӵЩɣ⧲һλ֮ʣµľλɣȻøˡ
ΧĪӵλɣ֮ǰǸɾ֮еĸֶ֣ηǳƺרĪӵģһ֮ǵɷǳĬ
λɾǿߵĹ£ĪӼӵİɸоЩƣӦЩ
ЩУôλó׼֮ģǵĹԪ«ס˵ĻĪӦĿ϶Ӽѡ
ΧˣͬҲע⵽ĪߵҪĪһ£ǿߣûܹڳֻĪԼսʤλˡ
λɾֵΧĪƣӦ֮£ֻʩչԼСͨԴŤתơ
һӰ֮ھɵУӺĪӵӰͻȻ֮ʧˣȡ֮һƬŽأ΢
ƬĻ֮УĻ˱ǶһΪ֮һɵĸоȴԼʱڸʲôɳڵĻ㣬ͬҲ衣
ʩչС֮ͨЩɸֵĽ̾ͳ©ΪĪӵСͨҲĪӵӰصһǣӣҲֲˡ
֪ΣյĶƬŽصľ֮Уȴ޷ֽ֣̾ɸ⡣
ԭ⣬ǿٵնɱĪɾ磬ͼԦӣɸֶе㣬ҲһĸרŽ顣
ΪˣһĸֻϧðհǴᣬʱֹһĴ߾ԮĪӣϧվδܳɹһʧһ
նɱĪѾϣˣڲߵĻǾпܷĪɱЩˡ
λʵǿǿƿĪӵСͨʵҲֻʱ⣬ϾĪڵΪʵҲֻɾѣ׿ͼĻĪܹԸһλҲ඼õƾ
ҪСͨķΧĪȻס²ٿӣҲѽ¡
λԼСͨķΧ֮ĪûջԼСͨԼСͨķΧȻٵĽӽһɣСͨڻ£Ѵ֮ӽûˡ
ͷ̫̫ŴǣðĹâ˿Ѿ»ָˣȻǿˡ
ղλɣʮа˾һˣĪ
̫̫Ŵǣâðĳʱ䲢̫̣һһλɣôһĴߣԻһЩɫʱܻٴηǿ
Ȼôʱ䣬ûзǾ˵ܴܣղλɣһġ
뷨ѾֹĪһ뵽ˣһˣˣҲͬ뵽һ㡣
뵽˼ʧһλǿߣЩˣɻһҪǰļƣսϵǼλޣ˵ɱϣֻҪܹնɱˣôͲ˿
пСͨĪӣûǾλɸֵΧ֮ٴչֻ֣Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾Ѿûλˡ
֮£ղǾλɣֻٴοĪӣСַͨΧ֮⣬ʩչǿֶСͨڹܹ˵ĪӣҪƿĪӵСͨ
λɸȫ֮£ֶһͬãĪӵСͨЩԳܣϾλɸ֮ͬչֳĹֶҲȻͬ
˵ֶܹŵĪСͨΧڵĿռȶ˵ֶܹѹеˮ֮ƻֶΣСͨڵľۣټǿĹĪӵСͨȻûܳס
ŽصľһգĪվϣˮͷľԪ飬˫ϵı任ŷǰѾ۳˼ľɹ⣬Ǽλȥ
⼸ľɹ⣬ʵɸ˵κβǣΪĪƾͼսǶ⼸ľɹ⣬Ҳ̫Сƣ׷øԵֶλ赲Ƕܡ
ȻӦľɹĹĪӽµӣٶȻ֮䱩ǣҴˮ֮УһƬϸֶܵ꣬
ţĪ˵Ӱ뵽˽µ֮У鱦Ԫ«Ҳ뵽ͼڡ
Ԫ«ڵ˲䣬ԭͷǳӣȻ֮䱩˵ĸоøΣˡ
ӿˮǿ֮һǾ֮УλһĹΧڣǸղֳʵһܹ㿪ģڣӽ֮ʣȴδܶ㿪˲䱻ûˡ
ͻȻͬ鱻ûʣļɸжʱһղͬ鱻ûḶ́ǿ޷ܣӽ֮ʱԼͶеġ
ڱû֮󣬾˿ҲûУֱʧ֮ڣստʼʱͱλɣûз֮
ûɵӣĿ׼ʣµɵʱʱףΪʲôղŵͬ飬ûӵĹԼͶеһ
Ӽ֮ʱǵͻȻһǸ޷ƶֻӽ١
ۿɣͬҲҪ֮еʱԭµӣͻȻ֮䱻ǿ֮Уһɫâֱ֣֮̽룬ץеĪӡ


 һ
ǵֵʱϤĸоѾĪֵ֪ˣλθ֮еĴߡ
Īû뵽ǣȻһ⣬ֱԼץɫĹâֱ֮̽һֻɫ֣·ʱ֮еһУӲֵֻץ
ĪӴʱˮ״̬УҲоԼӲֵֻץұƺҲκ飬Ϊֻ֮⣬Χһʱ䶼Ǿֹġ
ֺֻܿͿĪӣĪΪֻҪץԼˣȴֵֻ֣ĿƺԼ֮еԪ«
һ˲䣬Īд󼱣̾ҪԪ«ջء
ոһֻɵĴ֣ѾץԪ«ĸǰɫĹâ·ʱתȻĪҪջԪ«Ҳô׵顣
ֺݺݵһգƺҪԪ«εץУһ£ֻȴûʵΪԪ«ı棬ɢһĵĹâȻֻ΢ſһЩˣԪ«ҲѾֵֻġ
סԪ«Ĵ֣ʼĽԪ«קֻקʱĪӶڵӣȻ䶼һҪĸоӴʱ侲ֹ״̬п˲
ҵԪ«Īʱ˼Ǹ֮еӰʱԷԼһӣԭ⡣
Ԫ«ĪҪĶ֮һ˵һ鱦Ԫڣ޵Ķʧ
ʱĪֻѡƴȫסԼԪ«
һͨķһͨ鱦ֳĪӶûκܹ䱣סΪ֮Ĳ̫ˣһɾʿҪһߵбסԼķ΢΢ġ
Ԫ«ͬĪһ컯ߣҲĪƣΪûٳԿ࣬Ԫ«ߣĪĪӵһ֡
ĪҪٻصʱȻɫֵɢŹâԪ«ʧɫֵУصĪӵԪڡ
ֱһʧܣλ˵Ӧһܲ˼飬ƾߵ۽磬пһЩߣǣֻɫĴתĿֱ꣬ץĪӡ
ˮ֮еĪӣֻɫĴץʱֻоԼΧʱⷢһңȻˮžͱֻɫĴָǡ
ɫĴһ󣬿ĶʵȴΪĪʱҵĸоøˣһеһɴӳԼϣڳ֮󣬾Ѿ÷ǳǿ嶼Щظڼǿ
ĪѾ˲ףλĴҪץԼһҪŵԼԲںԼܷܡ
ĪӵĲϯӦöɫʱһЩƣһö֮ð˳Īӵϡ
ֻɫĴ֣һֵ˲䣬΢΢ſһЩһ̣ɫĴּ˼֣Īϵɫֵѹ£ڷɿرš
ϯӦֶηǳڽǿ֮УվǰеһѾ˴ߵżһλĴߣһǴ֮еĶǿߣƾһö˶á
ɫâ۳ɵĴĪӣѾˮ֮˳ΧһƬʱתҪĪ뿪Īϵֻʣ˱һ㣬ܿͻᱻ׵ĥɾ
ĪӼֻɫĴִߵʱֻɫĴ֮ǰȴͻȻһɫУѹֻɫֵ֮ϡ
ɫг˲䣬ֻɫϣһЩʧˣĪ˲оֻɫĴˡ
ԭɫĴʱתɫаˣʧȥʱɫ֣ȻɺǿĪӺʣµıһûκεˡ
еʱϱ룬ĪҲûа취ֻɫĴ֣ڵķתҲƲϵ
ʱĪӸоһƶͻȻ䷢Լֻص֮УҸղűʱסӣ»ָ
֮УĪҪ⿪ϵȻͼ򵥶ˣֱƾˮˢֻܹܿɫֵˢɾ
ͺĪˮĳˢ֮£ֻɫ̶ֵֻʱ䣬ѸٵıĪӽˣĪϱһҲͬˮˢɾˡ
⿪ĪӣһͼΪѾоӵϷλѾ
Īͼ֮̾ͿλߣһλȻϸߣһλĪ֮ǰ顣
˿Ƭǿ֮Уλ֮⣬Ψһܻģ¾Īˣ˵һУȫڱʱ״̬
Īܹͼ󣬻ûܵʱӰ죬һȻλ߿Ϊֿܹ֮ʱ
ĪӽĿͶλߵͬʱλߣҲͬʱĿ⿴Īӡ
֮еӰʱĪӵĸоƺڱĿԼ鿴ĪӣȴϸĴĪӣƺҪĪϵĲ֮ͬ
λߵĿ⣬ĪֻԼǰվȴλ߿ڡ
Ƭ̵Ĺλ֮еƵĿڵϧˣڵǼȻϵ˽ܣҪõ治ô׵ģھǿõҲЩòʧǾһţ
֮еλߣ仰װ׾ǶĪ˵ģ˼ҲĪϵĶѾҪˣĪӵˣڷһߡ
仰Īϵıһ䣬ûг˵ʲôһλ߶ԼһСС˵仰ȫʸģԷĻ֮˵ʲô֮ԣúõ룬ԼӦôһλߵ£סԼԪ«
Īû˵ȴˣֻĿĪӵջأǰ˵ĶҪȹأ
Ļ߷ǳƽĻظܻãʱת֮£㲻һֱסûгɾͽɣҲֿʱеǻᣡ
仰˵֮λӰ֮е߽Ų΢΢˰벽ԭʱƬǿգŶԷŲ˵Ķһлָ
֮ǰ޿赲飬ʱ֤һУվλߵٴһ䣬ڵ壬ȫʧǿС
ʧλãĪ˫Ŀ֮г֮ɫĪӵȴû˶ֻţǱһ˿׼ӭս


 
λʧĿٴתĪӣȻĿΧЩˡ
΢һ֮ͻȻָ̧֣֮һɫǿ֮л
ĪӵעԭΪλµĻ΢ЩӵĪӣ̽Ŀת顣
ָǿ֮лʱĪӴĶ֮У·еһ֮ĵϡ
ָ⻮֮ǰźԶǿУͻȻ·һߣǿյɫҪ߻ڷٵ죬Ѿ֪ȥԶˣͷ·ǿշָһ㡣
սΪֹԴ˴Ϊ磬ǿԷˣȥĺߣͬʱĪӵĶл
֮󣬻ĪӷӦͻȻ֮䣬ĪӾͷԼߴһϤĿռ任֮С
ţĶֻм򵥵֣
ŶеĪӷԼǰľڿٴĿռ䣬֪ǱţѾ뿪Ƭǿա
Լʱ䣬ĪŸоϵѹһɣͬʱΧľ̶
δռʱжϣĪӹƣԼھƬǿգûͦԶģΧûǿַ֮ǳŨǳ֮ӳľҲǿ֮еľ
ĪڵһۿģǰһƬããĿԶĸһƬڵƺƺϿգһֺա
ڵƺվһܸߵϣǰĪһԼݵĸо
Ũȴ΢кʹЩͬȴĪӣڲݣ֤һģĪķΧڣһƯƺϵľʯ׼ȷ˵һյĵ졣
ЩĪӺܿжϳԼڵĵطˡ
֮ڣ
Īû뵽ԼȻͻȻ˾֮ڣֻǲ֪ԼģǾ֮ڵһ졣
ĪӴǰƺƯƺ֮ϵĸյʱ࣬
ǳ֮𣿡
ͻȻʣĪӽĿתλͻȻԼ뿪ǿգĴߣĪ²֪ԷĿģʱҲҪ㹻𾴡
ˮľ֮ⴥֻصĴǳֻ֮Ǹ޶ѣĪһȻ󹧾Ļش
ĪӵĻشתͷ΢΢һۣĿתǰƺĵ˵ĵЩƫˣ
һ俴ĵĻȴһλԴ߶Լ㣬ĪȻܹýȥͬʱΪ仰ͷҲһпʼ˼Լ
һλߵĻȻû˿ݵģܹԼר̴Լ˵仰ѾǼΪõˣ
ղԼǸ⣬㣬ĪӺܿ˶Է˼˵Լǳ֮ϵĲأЩѹ֮
ĪӿٵһԼ֮ԵһΪԼ޵ĵʲôûƫԼĵǳ֮ǹԼ֮ΪͼĻԵԼǳ֮Ȼ̶ֳ֮ܵȡ
лǰ㣬ģĪٴιһ˵
ȻڿٵӹԼ֮ĪӾԼĵûƫһλר̵㣬ԼҪӦе̬ġ
ĪӵĻ΢΢һüͷȻתͷĪ˵
ʲΪ񾳽ʱҾͱȽϿˣ֮ٶȣ˿ûʧ̶̲ʱ䣬Ѿɾ磬ڴﵽɾ֮ΪٶȻǳĿ죬ѾӽɾˣܺãҲܲã
˵仰֮鿴ɫ΢Īӣƽȴĵ˵ٶ̫ˣߵ̫˳ˣĵҪƫˣ
⼸仰Īɫһ仯ѾʼɣղŶӣǷЩ̫ĵǲƫˡ
ĻԼٶ̫ˣҲߵ̫˳ˣһĪӸ޷ϣΪٶȣȷǳĿ죬һʱ䣬ɾ֮û̫þͻ˵ɾڣѾӽɾˡ
Īɫ任ţ˼ֽſڵŪǺӣȷǷǳֶΣвٵĺͷϣҲһЩɹܹƵϵģǵһ
ĻֶΣûʲô⣬ǣǳ֮ϵЩˣϵѾӰ쵽֮ˣ
˼ŵĪӣ鲢ûеԼ뵽⵽׳ֱ˵Ľ˳
ϸϸԼĪӣĻ֮һ˿һ̣Īķ֣ԼĵȷǿҪƫˡ
һĪ̧ͷǰ飬һȻ˵
лǰָ㣬ˣ
ĪӵĵȷҪƫļЩƫǳ֮ˣʵ󲿷ֵԭ򣬲ĪضӰ졣
һ˵Ӱ죬ǱĬḶ́Ѳ
ǿ֮Уǳ֮޴ڣĪӵкܺõӦǳֶ֮ΣȻӦǳ֮УĪӸǳ֮ǳ֮򣬾Ѿˡ
һ㲢ûʲôģʵͼһչ֮ʱĪǳ֮õĿԽʽǳ֮գһԾﵽ˺֮ƽĳ̶ȡ
ֿԽʽǶһǳ֮˵ûʲô⣬ȫ˵һ£߻ʱȽϳˣܶʲô⣬Ī˵ȴһЩӰ졣
ĪԴȻһһӡߵõȷܿ죬֮;Ϸǳ˳
˳һ£ɷ¶б׵ģЩ˳ǧ˵Īȱٵһݳ
ԼʹͼƾͼսдһֱȽϽҲ΢Щ룬ʵҲһЩӰ졣
֮£޲ΪԵΪһֶͨΣΪ棬Ǳֶλǽⶼ޲ɣԣҪٽǺӣɾͽɾ֮ǰܵã֮һֶΰ޽ɣĪٴ֪֮ĪѾ˵ĻȥˣӦ÷⣬ֶһ䡣
ǣɾͽ֮ǰܲãĪӷǳ֣ص˵
ڷ֮һλ߾ľ㣬ôȥĪһֱųʹͬҲעʱЩӰ죬ǵȻҪʱˡ


 һ㡪
ĪӴ˿жЩңԼʱңһλߣܹԼҡ
ߵ㣬Լ˵䶼ԣִҵͬʱҲ΢Щ⡣
ָĪ֮󣬽Ļת˱𴦣ĿתصǰƺĪӿ˵
˴Ǿһ㡪죬ݻȻҲʱʱ͸ƽҲǰƬΧûмҲûڴ˴µڴ˴פʮ꣬һ⣬ʮ֮ԸĻҲڴµ
ȥطԻһЩʱ䣬Χ˽һ£˵ʲôҪ˽ģǿоͿԵ֪
Ī˵֮ȻŲǰǳƽȵ߳£֮УȻĽŲıã֮󣬾ͳ׵ʧˡ
ǰĪӿŶԷȥıӰٴι
̧ͷ֮󣬿ʧӰĪӲɵǷˣҪϣ²һ׵飡
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ԷԼɣЩ̫֣ȻҲпֻǶԷͻȻһЯ󱲵Ȥô˵ԼǷˣвǲܼ£Īƴǲá
ͷĪӽĿΧͬʱųʶΧɨһȦŴ˽ΧĻ
վģʵҲһڿеĵ죬̫ͬҲ̫С൱һӰô
Īʶܹ̽⵽ķΧڣͬмڿеĵ죬ܹ߰ӣʵࡣ
ƽ磬Ȼʶ֮̽Ī΢΢̾
֮У⻹һǶھһЩ伮֮ǰͿһЩԶԾ֮ڵĻǺ˽ġ
죬Ǿ֮еĵһ죬컯ɾͣҲǱȽһ졣
֮˵Ϊ֮Уû½صĴڣеֻһƬޱߵƺƯƺ֮ϵһյ졣
ĪظӣվյϣץһͬʱһʯͷԵһ¡
ݵ伮ļأЩյʯʹϵͨʯЩ̺ͬһЩ֮⣬оЩʯ˵ĸоǳᣬео
ЩʯõϣͬҲһģһЩط΢ܹЩá
΢һ֮ĪӾͽеʯ˵ϣȻԼվ죬һʱ䣬ҪúõУ⣬ͬʱһܷͷ
ĪڿǱһλĴ߸ˣԷԲܽȥԪ«һ־ڱصõӣĪȻڿֻţеѹ޴
Լǿ֮УλߵĻ޾սĪӸоͼ֮ԼܵӰ죬̬ЩƮˡ
ͷҲֻһţϾѾˣηޱȣҲöԷŹԼȻˣҲûбҪеη塣
ҰλߵĻڲǴĪжȡԪ«ʱԪ«øǿ֮ǰԷܲôŶ֣ڶʱ֮ڣĪӦû԰ȫġ
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Īûѡеһɽ壬׼ȫ
ǿ֮еľһſǳһССĵ죬ĪӸоʵЩСûϵΧЩյŲһЩͿˡ
ԼҪеĵطĪӱԼǿʱČǵȵأҪһЩǿЩǳϣĪӸоһߵ֮
ԼµĵĪ΢һЩʱ䣬ΪһµĵĪûǿյʱ¡
յϽ˼䷿ݣͬʱҴһ󷨣Ųһ벻Զĸյ죬յָһСĸյ죬ƯΧЩСĸյϣҲ΢һЩ
ˣȷһɼҵˣһ֮󣬿òȻһµĵ죬Īĵͷ
ޱߵƺڿеĵ죬ĵطӷĪǰʱ˵ڵĵط
Ī֮ʵҲгһգҪɽһڿеɽ壬ֻǺΪˣû뷨ˡ
죬ڿеĵ죬µҲһƵĸоĪӾ΢һ£ҲԺĿԳΪھ֮еĵ
ԭ֮⣬һԭĪڵ伮֮же죬ոǿ֮ʱΪҪĵط
Ƿݵ伮֮ед֮˵̫֮࣬ϵҲ̫ǿǿ֮ڣҪͷھе졣
ʱռеˣҪɧţҪţ֮мѵ㡣
ʱˣԼռݵÿһյ춼ǳĿأÿһյ죬Ͼʹһλˡ
ΪסԼռݵĸյ죬ʱˣûѪˣڴϵʱһһɽסĽھ֮ڣͬһһɽھ֮еĸ
Ϊڵ伮֮жļأĪӶڸյĵ죬Ȼ͸ӿˣԾͲܲݲݵĲá
Լһʱĵ֮ĪӾߵԼղŴ߷ǿ£̯Ͼһöֱ䵽С
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еĪӷŵҧһڣ𣬵ζ÷Ѿ˲ֹһΣҪ˵Чˡ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôĪҧһȴоöζԼԤڣΪУȻ÷ζ
뵽÷Īԭھ׽ĶͻȻ֮ͣˣȻſ̳һöɫ÷
е÷ȻһֻѾҧһڵĪӸоԼ֮ϺЩˣԼԼĴ﷨֮УʵһЩ÷
¶һ˿ЦݣĪֽҧһڵӳյ죬Ȼһֻе÷ҧһڣճһֻһӣһ֮У³һΣȻĪȥ΢΢ҡһ£Ŀ͸ͷҶգֻر˫ۡ


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նߵһֺգޱߵƺâʵʱһССյϣĪѾһжˡ
ʱ䣬ĪһѾҪˣһֺһξ֮ĪжֹͣȻ󻺻վ
ĹâĪӵϣеһ˿ů⣬ͬʱᵽһֳĲ
ĪĿ⿴ֺգվԭ΢Ƭ̣Ȼתȥʼæµ顣
Īĵʮһ죬ԼµĵĪӦķǳ죬ͬʱҲǳ⡣
⣬̶ʮһ֮УĪӾѾ΢ŤһЩò̫ãϵܹõʱ䣬ʮң˵ʮҵʱȷã
ʵⱾͲһ鷳飬ĵֻǼƫѾƫ룬ʱȱٵһ˵ѣĪҲǡˡ
ټ뿪ǿ֮Уûмʹͼû˳ĻӰ죬ʱȥǳ֮Ǿûʲôˡ
ʮһʱ䣬ĪȻûлصɽ̤ʵУǿ֮УоȴҪò٣ÿεʱҪǿ״̬һЩǰޱƺԾľͻ滺滺飬ҲܿȥĪܵսӰһ˿궯
ν֮ĪӣʵҲûʲôҪҪæµҪǼһԼĵԼҵһ飬ͬʱҲһС
ʼʱ򣬶ԼĽ裬ĪѡΪԼȥģûôʹ
ͱ˵ֲ֮һЩҩյƽһ·ⶼĪһһ
ķʽ̬ƽ͵ȷãôͲˣĪӣѾ׶Σ򵥵һ£ܶԵ
ֽĪûие⣬ͬҲûмѡһַʹòľԱĵһЩľĹ
ĪҪٵĽԼĵ޽ʵһǳ򵥵飬ƾʱĹ򣬸еĶС
֮ʩչһЩľҪԭ򣬻ĪҪŵɷĲΡ
ߵһƬѾеʱĪӿԿڣмԼף֦ɿǳС֮
ȻЩ鲢ӣҪһķأرøƽ
Աߣһξ룬ԿһЩҪ΢һЩƽŵ·ͬҲǺܼ򵥵Ĺ
ľԱĵҪɷΣЩѵʵЩǣ߶Ҫߣͬʱ㣬ʵЩװһЩĵĪüͷ΢΢һ¡
ĪʵҪľԱĵˣֻʱϲԣһֱûг̫ʱ䣬ⷽҲûл̫ľ
ԭĪӾãƾԼľ֮ԼٴҪŵɷĲΣӦòǺѣŷҪŵûôףʵһЩ
Īһ䣬дһ⣬䵽ЩæµϣЩûзʲô仯͵ĸ߶ȣϵϢԭһ
ĪӼ״Ҳûᣬֱӱ뿪ˡ
ľԱĵһֻѲľ仮ΪݱսĵѵĲݱܹ棬Եһʱ䣬Ҫµʩչ
ʵܳһ㣬Ҳǲ޸ģŵˣȴάһ㣬ĪͬҲԸⱣһ㡣
ԭǳļ򵥣òݱ棬ǾҪӿά裬һѵĲݱпܿǣ仯Ϊ
Īڵյһɽɽɽɽһɫˮһ㣬ʮ׼ľʯһǶɽڣһֱ¶档
յ밲ҵĵһ죬ĪӾͷһǶɽ֮еɫʯһۣ컹ǵһΡ
ɫľʯһֱģôһ飬ҪǷڴϣǼֵƣ֮ϣҲܹΪһЩɱĸϣͬ߱һļֵ
ĪʼʶɨʱҪɫľʯģȴͷΪһǶɽڵɫʯÿҫʱ򣬹â͸ɫľʯɽɽ΢⣬ûʲôãһۣĪӾ;䱣
ĪӴɽ忿ɽλãһСͤӣ˳氲һ̣ȵʱ䣬ԼΧһߣʶλѣҪݷõʱһܺõ۵֮
ͤӣĪͬԼҲô콫佨ãֻɽľĸߴһЩȻʩչľԱĵѼȻЩǿʼЩĪӾһԿš
˴ԼʱңĪӿ⼸ŪŤŤͤӣɵҡҡͷȻ㿪ʼ⼸
ĪӵĲ֮⼸̱ÿұ˴֮ϵҲǳĬ̶һĹһµͤӾѾˣһδķǳƯ
ĿǰֶΣѽֳһЩԪͷòݿܵķʵڣĪӽ˲ľԱĵȻ´ͤӣѾͬʱǺʵȫ㡣
ͬʱ㣬ڲǵĿܵ£Ŀǰ˵˵һȫܵ£ֱݿһЩļʵڡ
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뵽ĪͻȻ֮־ЩЦԼΪֶεܹԽԽˣƺҲ΢̰һЩܶʱҪƾ籾ûȱ飬ԼʶӦȡ£ȴ˼죬¶ġ
뵽ĪϵϢʱ΢΢ķſһЩţıֳ˹ͼĵӰ
ĪϢûȻ֮䣬Ϣ΢΢»һЩ˵ɫҲ˲ò԰ףͺͻȻ֮ܵ˴ˡ
ĪӱͼӰĪϢ˥䣬ͼӰҲ˲ģһЩԭӰĹͼľڱģһЩ֮󣬸˵ĸоͷ·Ҫɢһ㡣
һԼķͻȻ֮䣬ĿƵĪӵķ΢΢һĨ֮ɫƬ֮¶һĨЦݣջĿ⡣
ΪԳȡᣬγɴ


һʮ ʱʱڷ
ãΪûе̫࣡΢΢ٵĺ˼£ĪϵϢܿƽӦԼڵķ΢Щҵ
ڸոգĪһѡԼΪ΢ɢȥһ㣬ⲿֵΪžͼһǿչǳ֮õΪ
ڣĪӽǳ֮ΪˣԼΪȻ併һء
ԭѾǳӽɾĪӣھɾ磬˾룬õĺôǣϵΪΪȡٶѾˡ
ʮ֮ڣҰͰҲ̤㵽ɾ磬Ȼˣ뻨ʮʱ䣬ȥĽϵֱӽŤͺãϵϢΪΪĽͣ΢˥һأĪӴ˿Ϣȴøӳһ˿
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ΪԲľԱĵΪɷȡᣬʹĪӶν⣬Ҳȡᡣ
ĪʶԼϵ֮󣬶νԼ⣬оѾ˷
һ㳣ķǻʮҵʱ䣬ĵԼϵ⣬ҲǾˣĪʱһõķ
ΪķʽһַǳķʽˣȻڽĪϵʱַʽͼӰȴ˻ķʽΪ̫Ҫԭǵòʧ
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һˮɫĹâĪʩչˮ⣬޸ΪΪɵһơ
ˮİ£ôһСˣܿͱ޸ˡƻָ֮ĪӣֱӻصԼķݣͿʼΪһҵıչء
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̶һµʱ䣬ĪӲ׽ԼϵʹԼػ죬ΪҲ΢ĻָһЩ
ٶȣĪӾԼòʮ꣬Ϊܹ̤ɾ磬ϾɾڵɾƿطۣĪӵСͨȴܹܺõظطࡣ
Ľ֮Īų׵ķԼԭ⣬Ӱ쵽ж
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µڴ˲׸ǶʫĪӴ˿ȴǷǳ֮ͬУһ׸ƳʫҪͬ
֮·ע࿲Īһ˳ģһ·Ҳѣ֮·Ҫ;ҪͬΣ㣬Īӻ֪ʲôʱܷ⣬пܵʱ򣬾Ѿ΢Щˡ
ʱҪ⣬ֱҪĴۡ
ĪҲסһεĽѵ֮УмһҪʱʱڷáᶨԼĵ;˲ߵóԶ
ϵȻˣǽĪӾǾĻָΪɾˡ
һζչؿˣĪֻҪԼϤĽ࣬ÿΣȻɡ
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յĸֶ֮УĪҪľǷ˲ľԱĵϣŵĪź˳֣ϣܹ콫ɷĲΡ
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Īһ࣬ŷ·Ʋ㣬ķǳ˼ƲеľﲢһɲģǻƲͬŲλá
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ͨĪӶİ˲죬Ҳ˸Ȥͬݻһ죬ĪΪȤ
ʱһգۣ͵Īĵ꣬һ죬ѾεĪӣڽԼ
ڵյ죬һеľѾһƬޱˮȡƬޱˮ룬һɢɫâĲȻԵޱȣϣһſǳ׺Уͬʵһ㡣
ĪӰòϣĿһʶڹͼ֮УһʶάСͨת
ͼ֮ÿһ־ȫͨĪӵʶСͨľ֮Уȫӳ˳һµĪӵĸоǳһط顣
֮УĪϵϢһֻȶٶͷ·ϸϢٳɶ֮£Ҳܹ۳Ȫ
ĪѾʱ䣬ͬϸһѾ˲١
ʱ˼ʱߵ̫ؿƺҹĻٵʱĪߵޱˮͻȻ֮ʧͬĪµĲҲһͬʧˡ
С֮ͨĪӾͱڰУϵϢ΢΢ȵ̫ĩƺ֮УĪʱ˫ۣ建Ʈڵϡ
֮ĪӸӦһЩķ̬ǳƽֻͣа
ҪָԭΪˣٶȣµɾ磬ҪԤ֮еٶȿһ㣡


һʮһ طࣨϣ
·ޱ޼ʵƺ֮УľϲҲҪѰˣʱƺ֮У̽
Ƭܵƺеƶ䱾ͿһģֻôԻ֮ķʱ΢ܹõһЩߵʶ΢ҲһЩš
ָŶΪȽϸߵ˵Ӱ첢̫󣬵ǶΪϵ͵˵ǾһֱȽ鷳Ӱˣĸƺе̽Ѷȡ
ںܵƺ֮УʱӰдΧ̽ţΧҲʱʱ˶Ի
ʦ֣Ƭƺϴ֮⼸ʱȥôûʲôĲϣΧôãҪ˵ɲˣȻջĶ಻࣬᲻Ѿˣһһǳöȴ˸оܸŮ
ѭ˵Ĵ磬ͺһ˵ĸоǳĸͨŮһϴһϮȹһǳװ֮΢żӢ˸еӢˬ
ԶһӦ
ӦˣΧһѾҪʮˣҲʵԶһЩû̫ջǾͻȥɣ
˵ķǳĸߴϴһۣǿǳŵĹҵģһ֪Ǳضǳǿϴۣȴһ̶һݱ뺷Ϣ˵ĸоǱȽº͡
ǻȥطٿɣܹҵһɲģܹõϵıģʦͿҪˣʦȥĥһʱ䣬׼Ůԣ΢΢˵ͷ˵
˵ΪڴѣˣϵϢ˺ܿܶޡ
ãʿԷĻûټ˵ֻǸɴ³һ֡
˼ƺ֮ջĶɲ࣬˶Ҫطȥʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ͬʱоһһǿϢͻȻ֮ѹ˵ϡ
˶һۣͬʱһǿϢضɾϵǿߣһʵȣϾһУɾϵǿǿɲûټϢǿģҲûиܹ
ϢȻЩͬˣǿϢΧɢֻϢֵķΧڡ
λǰΪͻ𣿲Χûǰٴΰµ𣿡Ů޶ϵѹߵʦʵ
ڴ˰µǰֻĳλ·ǰͻȻ֮ڴͻƣŽӽһ£˵һԵŮ޵ʦһߵϢѹһϸϸĸţתͷߵʦ˵
һ˵꣬һϢķ򿿽ŮҲæϣܿ죬ϢѹԽԽڷƺ֮󣬾ͿϿղԶһڿеĵϣɫĹâӳ
˿ͷյ죬嵺ΧƯżͽСĵ죬ܹһЩȻһ֮أλ·ĸͻȻЩͻơ
û뵽ƬһλǰڴµЩҲ΢Щ⣬ȫ֪ʲôʱµˣԷӦҲûаݷΧˣҲ֪ܲ
յϴǿϢڻڲǿŵɫâͬҲڱøǿ
ԭҪӽˣ˿Ѿо˲СѹλŮޣΪҪ΢һЩȻܵѹҪ
Ϊޣǿ֮Ŀǰϵѹ˵ֻƽʱݵһ֣Ŀǰλãͣ¡
˼쿿ٶȣѾŵ÷ǳˣһ߿ţʿϸϷյ죬ͬʱӦΧԼ֮䣬ƺʲô
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ʦ֣˴ƺЩԶǿԸһЩŲŵλͻƵǰģ
ԼʦõĻʿĿ⿴һۣȻϴһ˿Ц˵ʦãǻԵˣϵǰƺڴɾڣͻƵɾ磬ϾҪطˣʱֻҵֻҪڴתΪ٣
仰Ů˫ĿҲһæڵˣǺβһЩõĺô󣡡
ʿҡҡͷϷλǰΪ˿Ϣڲǿڴ˴͹ˣλǰط֮ʱϢ֮£ǲһܹŵס
Ůԣ˵ͷ˵ʲôʦһͣԭء
ͷյ죬ȻĪڵĵǸͻƵˣȻҲĪˡ
ʿ֪ǣڵһһ̸ݣѾĪ֪ˡ
ԼͻƵʱ߽ӽԼⲻ˭ﶼ֮ģĪӵȻҲ⡣
ɵĪӷ֣ӽԼˣֻ޵ʱϾͷˣûгɵޣԼڸյϵ󷨶ƣԼ͸ûκвˡ
˽̸ݱĪӵ֪֮ĪҲ˲ûʲô⣬ֻǰԼͻΪԼһλԵ
Լط֮ʱеֻĳ̶ֳ˵ЩʿȷһԵݻԵģҪǷڴϣûмʿҲڣЩʿŻʱ򿿽
ƾһ㣬ͿԿϵߣЩ֮ϵ֮Ĳͬ
ϵߣɢޣ֪ʲôܻ䣬һЩе¼ϣ»һƬģûж⣬ҲٻһЩеʱڣߣĸӶ䣬֮䶼о衣
֮ϵߣǾˣ֮ϣȽϺƣҲЯ󱲣Ǹоˣ඼ǺƵģһλͻƵʱ΢һЩǿҲʲô⣬ⷽ˵ЩȱηͬҲ˼־֮ġ
޲ǰˣĪҲûǣϢڲѾǵ˼£ϾҪ˹ؼʱ̣ط࣬ɾˣûʱСʿ
ԼеĪӣΧһƬӰյȫ֣һΧС͵ĵ˹ȥ
ţԭڵҫŵɫâʱ򣬱һƬޱˮȡյ룬һòȻ֮䣬ɢɫĹâͬʱҲĪϵϢٴһء


һʮ طࣨ£
뵺ѾǳˣϿոյϵı仯Ȼǿ÷ǳ
ڹӰһ˲䣬˶ϵľһ˲ȫˣеɽ彨ȫһƬޱˮȡյ죬ҲҲˣܿľһƬޱˮԼޱˮǿò
ţٴһǹǿѹޣȻ֮΢΢һ㣬ȻתڵѪֿ֮£סԼΡ
ǣط࣬Ѿɹˣȶ֮󣬿Ϸյ죬ԵʿĿ˲Щã
Ҹʦ𣬼һλΪͻɾˣ̳ʱ䲻̣ôϷλˣһ˲ͳɹˡ
ܿ죬ͷԼˣΪϷޱˮֺƬˮĸߴȻʾһӰƺ۵طࡣ
ĪʱޱˮǿŲȺ֮ϣͷϷͬһƬЩõǿգϿܹģͬһòڣȻ²ܹɺޱˮ
ЩãҪǣ澹Ȼǵģ·ޱˮȣ˫ЩõĻ棬·ޱˮĵӰվһ㣬ָĵطĪŵĵط
ĪӸоԼ˿̵ʶֳ룬һСͨԻľ֮Уһ룬ͷڱʵޱˮ֮С
ʶֳĸоĪѾȽϤˣΪƽġ
ʱգͬƽʶޱˮ֮Уȴһ״̬
ҪģҪϷޱˮ򣬴ñʵ˳ɾط࣬Ҳͬɾ磬ศɣǴ˷繦һ֮
һףڴ˷磬ߣҲҪϺܳʱ䣬һδεһδεĳԣղܹɹ
ĪСͨİһҪһЩ˿ͻƵľҲĪ޶ȽСͨԼķ
Ƭޱˮ֮䣬ĪϵϢıЩдĵϣ˿̶ϳ֣ҺۼϵϷޱˮ֮С
ĪƬޱˮ֮еһʶѾڻޱˮ򣬻ǿŲˣʶѾƬռС
ޱˮҲǿŲͬͷǳռеһƷ磬Ҳռ䱾ͬҲ
ܸеԼõĴڣͬҲ֪ԼڱʵֱʵķȥϤĵĵϱ̣Լĺۼ̻ĸ˲ܹñʵ
Ϥĵ׵֣Īˮľ֮ԼٵĴ
ͬʼʵģҲޱˮ򣬻ޱˮ֮еĲ
Ϸԭõޱˮ򣬴ʱ˿̣һϵĳ֣Ƭޱˮ˼ʵ֮У֮Ӧ·Сͨ͵ޱˮȴͻȻúϷޱˮһãǿŲҲˡ
ʱƬռ䣬վӵĸоͱ÷ˣͷ·ϷЩõޱˮ򣬵ȷʵڵ壬·СͨӪޱˮ򣬾Ǿ֮ӰϷޱˮı仯仯
ͼľ󣬿ʼطת䣬ĿǰΪĪӵСʿת䣬Ǹܵĸ
תһʼ˾ظоĵϣϿյޱˮ֮УΧɢͬʱΧ֮Ҳ΢΢ĲһЩӰ졣
ڶܹĸоˮľ֮İݣתȵȵĵϡ
ĹѾת˼£˿ҷŹᡣ
֮;Ͼ֮ãЩޣͬҲǴ·ϵǰߣҲܷڵͨߣ޵ҪӼһЩҪץסÿһܹĥԼĻᡣ
ڶѾоͻƵλǰɾ磬ͬǿ֮ԵΪ̣ΧĵѾԽԽǵĺô
˿ޱˮϷԭƬõޱˮѾ˼ʵ֮УƬޱˮ򣬻ǿŲ
Ŷʵ֮УĪӵӰȴʧԭأȫҲӰֻɢŵǿϢ֤Īӻƺûƶ
ĪӵӰʧ֮Ƭޱˮм䣬ҲûƬޱˮ֮ľ룬ƺøӽӽһЩ
ڶ˵Ƭǿգʱ򼸺ȫһ𣬱˴֮佻ڣѾЩֲˡ
һſŵǳڱ˴˽һ֮󣬱ɢĽ⣬øҫһЩΧһƬգҫ˽ɫ
ڽҫ֮УһſŵǳȫһʵʸУȻãȴ·ʵĴڡ
··ޱ޼ʵƺʱƺܵĪĸ٣ͻȻ֮䷭ӿƺ֮УһЩľ֮࣬ͻȻ俪ʼܿʹƲ㣬ޱƺ֮̽Դ
һ֮Χӿվޱ֮ˢһ£ֻȻ֮䣬ǿǷ·ڴһּУеҪ
Χ֮Уһεεˮ飬ϢѾƯУϵϷޱˮۡ
ֵľĵϣûκΥ֮Уֻ˸оһбˡ
һɿɢ·ޱ޼ʵƺ֮УƺеһƬͬһ㣬߸ߵŸߴʹܵƲ㣬һƬ϶Ʋ֮аһЩ©˳
ĪϵϢʱֿʼǣǵٶȷǳ죬ƬޱˮҲʼ󣬶ǿŲƺҲøӸߴһЩ
ͺվӵޱˮʱľڳ˱ȽϴĲ·СͨάֵޱˮľûϷʵޱˮı仯仯ǳױܿȫʧˡ
СͨӪޱˮľʧȥĪԭάСͨһʶͬҲͶ뵽Ϸޱˮ֮С
ԭŵĻ棬Ȼ֮䷭תͺ췭ظƺ𵴣ڲʵУһ̱㳹ˡ
淭ת˲䣬ĪһֱڰθߵϢȻִܸ֮һأӰҲ³ոŵλá
һҫ۵ɫĹâĪͷϿյޱˮ֮ɢƬնҫɫ
ԭ·ޣͻȻ֮оԼƺҲһƬޱˮ֮УΧˮֻܿһɫĹâޱˮ롣
ޱˮ֮УǲûиоѹֻϢ֮УǸоһŨŨ̺ΧˮС
һգ۵ĹƬޱˮʧˣϵѹͬҲʧˣĿͷϷյϣ˿ɫĹâҲͬʧһг׵Ĺڳš


һʮ ֮
ʦ֣ǼҪ뿪Ͽջָƽĵ죬Ů޶ߵʦʵ˵ʱĿ⿴Ϸĵ죬΢һЩ羴
ͬʦ˵ղڵͻƵλǰʵǷǷڶԷͻɾĹУϵϢϵıǣѾһЩɸˣɫâʢһ˲䣬Ϣǿȫһͻɾˡ
λǰոͻƣӦûҪһΪǻ뿪ɣҪţŮ޵ʦԣתͷߵʦ˵
ĪͻɾֻΧӰ죬ǶҲһЩôΪһЩʱ˲ȥĪӣҪȥúõĹһΪƬһɸֵ飬Ҫʦһ¡
ʿĻŮ޵˵ͷ˵ĻҲȽͬ˾׼תȥ
ʱ˵Ķȴһ
λСѲҪߣȻҵı֮꣬ǰһ𣡡
ͬʱһۣĿ֮вûʲôɫҲм
Ǽٵˣʱ򣬶ͬԼʦģʱżϣֻǹиѣûбİټľ
λǰȻѾҲþֻܾϷǰˡ
ֻһλǰϣһȽϺƵˣټʵ⣬ҲһЩܹش⡣
ʿӽԼĵ죬վڵϵĪӣһ΢ЦĵȴţͬʱҲϤŸոͻƵı仯
ɾ磬Ī˽ˣֱԼط࣬ĿɾĴţĪӲŷɾ磬ԭо
ӳɹط̤࣬ɾһ̿ʼĪӾһ֮ĸоصĹתԼǰøƺԼֻҪĿܹ
УԼ֮ȻҪ䡢תĹмУһ￴ʣоǳ
ģȴ̤ɾ磬ԼԪѾ׳࣬طһɣԼԪȴ·ǷŴһ㣬ԭĻϣԪ֪̽飬øˡ
ĪھһָоתĹԼƺܹдʱҪĳһֵ˵ܹﵽôĳ̶ȣҪţǷǳ׵顣
ڤڤ֮һ֪òҪôֵĵ·û̫ĺô
һеĸ򣬻ֻĪӸոͻɾ磬ûϸϸ仯ȵһʱ䣬ɾϤ֮Żָ֮ᷢ
Īӵ˲û̫ãޣѾ̤˵졣
̤ϵ֮󣬸оһϢڵ룬Ǳ֪˼ڸˣӦóǸȥ
˵˼ûӭӣЦһλɾˣ̬ºͣҲȥӭʿ˵Щܲ
ŵȥһţһע죬Ҳγɶڼλǰӡ
ϵĻһ󣬲ʲôˮ׼λǰԼõģǿ֤ϵλǰ֮һ裬ǣ˵λǰҲһĽѣоó󷨵ˡ
֮Ŀֲǳïܣ˿ԵңԿԶǼɽɽƺһЩлһɽϣȻ΢΢ɫĹâԵ졣
˲Ÿո˼ͻȻ֮䣬Ůʦֵ½ǣڶԷתͷ֮󣬱΢΢°ͣʾԷĿ⿴Աߵһ
Եʿ˳ԼʦָķһǸһƬֲ֣Ĳ̫컹ǱȽϡеģһ㲢ûʲô˼ֵԱߣмߴľһߣľϣüĿ
ʦ֣˵ǿܣʲôرֶͨΣŮСʵ
ʿƬ̣ȻشȫκηĺۼӦĳֶͨΰɣǿܣƿֶܵΣɾͲһܹõˣ
˼ǰߣûԶֿһƬֲŲٵҩͬǳĲ̫࣬ϡ֮Ƚټ
ƬϷһȪûκιǣ£ϸϵ֮УеЩҩ
ĲԶżݣǱȽϸߵ֣֪ʲôõģݵΧһЩرߴľλԣΧʿһ
ټǰߣûпʲôرĵطˣֻΧĻȽġ
ôһ򣬶Լλǰµӡ󣬳ʵӦñȽǿ֮⣬ǶԷӦǱȽϲ徲
ûã˾ǰһӰһξ룬ܿһòǳĵˡ
֮˵òܹ䣬ȴһ̶ϷӳԷӦò˿עԼò֮⣬òȽʿǶʲȽͻԪӳܹյĲϡ
ҡӢǰߵĪӸǰĪӴŻʮ֮ʱͬʱͣ˽ŲĪһ
ŶԼˣĪ¶һº͵ЦݣȻ󿪿˵ѾмˣһֱûеΧ߶λСѣϲλһҪ⣡
˵λСѡνʱĪо΢ЩȤζԼڴϵʱ򣬾ǴСֱòװܹΪǰˣȻ֮ϣֳСֱģ񿴵ޣֱǰ
ǰķӢҶԣҲһɣĿǰλǰӦƢȽϺõ֣й˵һôһЩΧ
ȻĪӾʹһͤó˲дǡ
ЩĪԼûʲôãǶʿȴǺаģеһЩ޶ԻرЧá
ĪҲһЩΧʲôлԻش⡣
ʿеĽңŮǷӢ˶֮ϳɳһˣʦһλǿߣھĪӲ̫Զĵط
ֵһǣ˵ʦ𣬾ȻһλɾޣһλŮޡ
֮ѣ֪£˾ǿǳϡ٣ŮԵǿߣҪ˵˾ϵģڴ϶ûж١
ĪԭȥݻһΧھӵ˼˵ôһλŮޣȻȥݻһ¶Էˡ
Īݻһ˵ʦʱҺͷӢʾǳԸĪǰȥݻһ


һʮ ˼
ҺͷӢ˵ʦֵĻ벻һˣǼ˱ˣĪҲúԼ֮еŮкܴĲ
ǰŮɣ˿ǳϸͨŮޣƺ嶼Ҫһ㣬ȫĪ֮һŮɵ
ĪӵӡԷܻĺȳƣʲô¡ı֣˽֮һŮޣӦû༸Ӣ䡣
ڿģȴһ˸оŮӣϸҲͰˣϾȻ͸һ֮Уͺδͨҹһ㣬˵ҲЩģȫһޡ
Ҹ˴ʱ䣬ðţϣΧĵʶһ£Ҳƽ֮ʱܹһ۵ϣδŵѣĪӱŷƵӣǰ˵˵ʱĿȴվ󣬱΢ԵЩεķӢ˿һۡ
Ī֮ǰͻɾʱұѾ˵ͻƵĶԭŹǰȥݻһδԼˣȻûд֮˵΢ЦŶĪ˵һ䣬΢΢ͷЦ̬һλҹˡ
Ī֪һλǿߵģԶڴ˿ǿҵķУĸԣٿӵı֣пƽʱǰ⸱ģ
֮ˣһЩӱȽϹŹ֣һȣһЩֹ΢Щ죬ͺȽϻ֣ⲢΪ棬ĪӺܿʰԼ̬ǰλɾǿ߽
ĪʶһЩģǳɵǰ⻹ǵһλ֣ȫԼ壬Ԫ֮ˣԶɾǿߵʵеΪ档
ֻǰλŮޣϵϢƵĲ©˿֪Էĵϸ
һʶݿ϶̫»۵ҲֻǴԵĽһ£̫룬ˣĪҲ΢˽һЩ˾ǿߵ
޺ͨʿĲͬǸעصǣھ屦أΪߣ岻ǿ󣬶һ
ڳɾ˾֮޵Ԫ񣬼ȫںϵģ֮ˮ齻ڣֱ˴ˡ
ɾ֮ںϻһ˵ɾǿߣʶѾÿһѪ֮УȫܹѪı
ǰȻֻһλɾޣǰר壬ܹŵϺŵǿߡ
ͶԷһЩ⣬ۿûа취Īֻܽ˱𴦡
ѣ첻ãδ߶һЩѿнң
Īӵʻ΢ЦһЦ¶ݵģȻĿڽܵ
ĪѸ죬ﲢϤ˵ܣʵҲûʲôýܵģ飬ĪѼڴһʱ䣬ȻȻľͻ˽ˣһЩܻԵõϢҾǰ˵˵ӦܹʡȥһЩʱ䡣
Ļ˵꣬΢΢ͣһ£ּ˵У˾ۼĵطǾҪͥˣĪʲôҪĶͿֱȥͥǸֲϣ鵤ҩɱȥͥңΪ򵥵ķ
ȡһЩϢͬҲȥܹ֮ͥõҪ֪ĴϢǴϵģڤ֮еģܹ֪
֮⣬֮࣬ԶൽƲ֮̽ǻȡһЩϣпһЩȻγɵСռ䣬Ҳ˼֮̽ʱҲҪСģ˵ҲһЩǱصΣգڿռݵ߽ʱ򡣡
ĪֻҪסЩһЩҪעϤĶպ˽ȻϤЩҾͲٶˣ
ĪĽŶԷ΢ЦлȻ׼뿪ˣһǰݷãƽıȽϺгĪȴǰԼŲСķֳ⸱ӣƽʱ̬
Īվǰ΢΢һȻ󿪿˵ǰдţٴθлѸô࣬ˣˣպϾҵĵ۵
Īӻո˵꣬վղ΢һ㡣
Ǿ͹ĪѣպϾһǰȥݷã
һֱĪתȥ֮󣬿ĪӵӰʧߣ³һȻֹĴҹ̬˲ͱһߡ
ıؿӢֱӿʵʦλĪǰ˿ͦƵģʦΪˣ
ƵȷͦƵģĴһɱ֮ҹˣϿܻһ鷳ǻǲҪ̫ĺãתͷ˵
˵仰ʱѾղģʮ
˵仰֮Ȼϸˣȴ΢΢һ£΢΢Ķȴһɨա
Ҷ㼴Ҫǰһʱ䣬סǰ֮Щ֮ľףһ²Ҫ֣ϲ֮ͬϣĸӣѧ࿴ɣǱߵһ䣬Ȼ߻Լĵ졣
һߣԼеĵ췵صĪӣȴźĽ
֮Ľǳ̣ԷľٶȴܹرĪӲ̫ӭԼҲԼύ
Īֲ̫Լύ˻ߣرǱ˴Ϊµģͬݷ֮ʱԸ⻥ύһ£ġ
ύ⵱ȻǸ˵ɣԷֶԴķʽȴһʵ顣
ĪڻصԼĵ֮󣬶Ҳûټ룬ҲȥݷΧˣüʱ䣬ԼϤһɾ磬ȻټʶΧˡ
⣬ĪӴӣȥ֮ͥô˵ԼҲͥˣ˾ͥڣȻҪȥʶһˣҪǣǻȡϢǻȡһЩɲģȥͥⲻ˵ġ
˵ɲĵ⣬Ī뵽һЩϧ飬֮ǰǿ֮еʱͼºȴǿգûлüսƷ֮еЩʬ޴ͬʱսƷҲͬʬ޴ˣܹʣĶ֮٣֮ٵļƷȴǳĲ
һ飬Īͻɾʱ䣬ĵڰ꣬ʼԤƵʮʱ䣬ꡣ
ĪΪͻɾ磬Լڿռ֮Ҳ΢ԣʩչͨڤѾھ֮ڣǰڤͨ
ʱ£ĪӺҪȥлشϿʱ䣬Լ뿪ѾҪʮˣԼ뿪Щ֪꣬÷ôˣеĸĸˣ뵽ЩĪоȻ𼸷˼֮顣


һʮ ǰͥ
ط࣬ȻĶ𽥳ΪԪĹ̾ˣֲýϵǿߣǱ˴˽֮ʱû˻ԳطˣĪһ䷿ڣϸԼԪı仯ͬʱ뵽
λòǺܽھӽӴһ֮Ī»صԼĵطΪͬʱҲϸĦɾİ
ЩΪѾ׵ĹˣͬʱɾİҲ˸ࡣ
ɿԽһһ𣬾ԭĹͼ۳طࡣ
ط֮ƾط࣬ĪʱܹԵĸоطвĸЧͬʱҲγһԪı
͸Īӵ壬ֱӹ۲ʶеǾͻᷢԭֻʶ֮ڵĹͼط֮󣬷ǱԪ䲻š
ĸоԭȽϵԪΧطӪĻ
ĪӵԪ񣬾ط룬ƽʵޱˮ򣬱ŲоԼ·ʱʱ̣̿ŵ
ȻǶڱ˵ģЩƾԪߵˣǵط࣬ûԻʱһԪ֮ڵġ
ͨʱ乮ΪĪӳ֪ɾ֮⣬ɾ֮󣬽Ҳһ
Ϊ֮Ϊǰһ˿ĪܹоطڱøͬʱڼһЩɱ䡣
Īһⷽɾĵ伮ģԶЩ仯ⲿ伮ο֮Ī̾Ͷ˼
طļɱ䣬ߴﵽɾʱ򣬾ͻͻƽɣӶٴβһα仯ԪԻܹΪԪһʵ
ɾĪֻǸոտʼȻһЩȷĵ·ȻĽ׶ΣԻҪΪߣٽһĹ۲طԪı仯
Խ棬϶ԽԽѣĪҲԸоԼ̤뵽ɾ֮ΪȽڹΪ֮ҲûмΪ׼ٴȥͥ
Ѿʱˣһֱڿ̿ʱ飬ûʲô˽⣬Ҳ֪Դ֮ǰǿ֮һս֮֮⼸귢ʲô¡
ͥڵλãĪӲҪȥңӵĻ˵ֻҪ򲻷ֱȷķǾ;ԲҴ
ĪԼ󷨵ķȻͰ֮ǰӷӢ˿֪ķ򣬾׼ǰͥ
˲֮Ī;˼յ죬󷨻߽ػģȻⶼһЩ˵ĵЩˣǳ֮⣬Īھˡ
ĪֻǿһۣûͣȥЩñȽϽ˴кñȽϽպֻҪлᣬҪཻܻʶģôһʱġ
ڿ⼸յ֮ĪӼǰнĸյ͸ˣдСһЩյϣ˽Լĵиĸյ죬֮أûռЩ졣
ͨ;Щյ죬ĪӴµĹһ£ȷ٣ڵ˵ĿǰԣЩ˷ֿ֮󣬻ԵȽϡ衣
Щ˷ֲҲûʲôɣЩطΧкüɵԼģЩطԲǧ֮ڣ˼տĵ֮⣬Ҳһλˡ
Īһ·ͥķȥ;һյ죬żоͦ˼ġ
;͵ĸоǿ֮һſǳĸоͬ˼ֹ¼֮У΢ֶһ̽Ѱ顣
ÿһյ죬ЩĴ֮⣬Ϊĳλ˵ģᱻ˼ҾĲһ¡
ЩĲϣܿ˼Ϊĸߵͣһǿܴĸյ죬˼ҵΪһܸߵġ
ĪӾ;ʱһԼ컹ҪСĸյ죬൱ûĻӦһλɾǿߡ
Īӵĵ컹ҪСĸյϣĪԼ֮оˣϰһС磬Ʋĵڲ»֪жĿռ䡣
Īӵʱפʱˣƺʶɨһ£Ȼ˻ȥĪҲʶȤĺܿ뿪ˡ
ĪӸоԼŷʱ䣬֮ǰƺ֮У߸ߵڶǰĿռ䣬ƺ๴·𿴵Ƭƺľͷ
Ӧþͥ˰ɣǰƺĪͣΣȻ뵽
ǰƬƺ·е֮л͸żʥĹԣмׯϡ
ڷ·յ֮УһΡŻ֮֡
Īע⵽ǸŻУмӰзɳű𴦷ȥĪҲԥǱ߿˹ȥĪӵĿ˼λ˵ע⣬һЩĿ䵽ϡ
Ը⵽䵽ԼϵļĿ⣬Īתͷȥ˳ЩĿ⣬˼λˣ˫˴˺ЦͷǴкȻĪӽǼλʵ
λѣǵһͥʾǴӴŶ𣬿ʲôҪעĵط
ǰɽһŻĪӷţȻһɱԲûóȻ룬Ǽλѯһ¡
ĪӵĻ֮ǼλԭҪ뿪˾΢΢ͣһ˶Īӻصѵһ¼ˣֻҪֱӽȥͺã֮ͥˣѿŶ룡
лָ㣡Īԣλ˵ͷлȻֱǰȥ
ǰŻĪӸӿ֮󣬾ͷ·Ӧ˹һ㣬Ż룬һ㵭ɫתŵĹĻ͸˼ֿռϡ
ĪûԥֱУֻһãǰ±ÿ
ԼǰĪ֮ǰԼ˵Ļ֮У˾ۼĵط֮ͥˣ仰Ȼû
Īǰһȥɰǧĸյ죬Ҵ඼ͲСǳ·ǰ֮пЩյ֮⣬ƺϣҲĿһЩ
Щյ죬ЩÿһһλפصĻǰ֮ͥǧˡ
Īڴǰͥȴһº͵
λǵһͥɣҴϤһ£
ĪתǰԶһλЩϵˣһϣĿ⺬ЦĿԼ
ĪӿλЩϵ˵һۣоԷͺܶ˶Щͬ˵ϣĪӼˣ϶һֳĺ֮
ĪٵĴֳĺ֮ǳУȷţԼûиоָоƺӦóһλԪƳ˵ϡ
΢һ£ĪŶԷһȻ󿪿˵µȷǵһͥĻǾͳˣ


һʮ 
λԵòϣͬʱһɳĺ֮ˣĪȻ֪ԷϸûгƺԷΪѣǳƺһߡ
ǰλϵˣΪڵһͬҲɾ磬ҪһЩӦɾڣܿѾﵽɾ۷壬Ȼ󱻿
ĪӺȷǰλˣϵֳĺ֮Ϊߵĵ·Ƚ⣬ĳЩԭ򣬵ĵȷȷһڶ⣬·Ԫߵͷһֳĺ֮С
ܹ˵˵Ѿܴˡһλɾǿ˵Ȼﲻǿϣͬٵĳ̶ȣͬŽʮ
ҲǼʱ䣬ǰλȻȻԪǶԷ¾һЩˣܳɵʱ䣬Ҫʱ硣
Īӻ˵֮Ŀ⺬ЦϵЦҲſˣһЦϵֳĺ֮ƺҲһӳ嵭˲١
߻վƺϰԵģĴһϲڵĳȻЦŶĪ֡
ҽСաҲҪƺΪˣֱӽһѾͺã߰ɣҴ㵽ͥһЩطҪúϤһ£´ҪҹϵģǾͷˣ
ߵĶĪӲ֪ôģͻȻԼĸĪɽǰȽϣƺԼĸĪɽĴ֮С
λڽԼֵʱ򣬾Ȼֻ˵һ֣ĪȻˣλߣȻȽ֮һˡ
ڷչ֮ʱʱ壬ȡִ඼һ֣ΪʱҲô࣬һ֣Ҳ̫ظ
ֱˣ𽥵ݱ䷢չϺ֡
ǾͷˣߵĻ˵֮ĪӲûиҳƺԷһѣȻƺΪߡ
ĪӲ֪ǰλ˵ĵϸͳŶԷ䣬ҲҪأһˣЩûʲôûܳ׵ģͬҲĬĬŵķţֵĪ𾴡
Īӱ𾴵ӣԳƽյҲûⷽᣬǴĪһǰɣһ߿
ǵһͥͥӦҲ˽һЩ
һЩЩϵĽպ󶼻õõҾʹתһתɣúõļסһʱҾͲˣ
ǰɲĵطӦҲˣǽײϵĵط̲ĵǮɲģͿԽԼҪĲϣҪرϡеģͥӦöܹҵõ
ɲĵԱߣǻȡҩĵطԺҲԶ˵ҩΪĵҩǰĵҩﶼܹŪʱʱĻһЩ̫ĺõҩֻȵȵãԾһЩˣûµʱ򣬶￴
ٵԱߣɷܹķϾھȽϵ͵ʱ򣬷ǱȽϺģ˾֮Ҫһ鷳ˣɷܹķ֮ͥΪϡٵĶżҲȥ˵оϲ

մĪӣͳº͵ĸͥһһ˿ÿһط΢һԼĽ飬һλǳĳһֻƼˮĺ󱲣ҲһЩĵָ㡣
ĪӸյԣһĽһҲϸЩط
·ÿһÿһյ죬˾µ֮⣬ĪԻܹо̺ĿռϣȻЩ߸յ֮У̺Ŀռ䣬ҪۿҪ
ÿһУ߸յ֮ϣĪӸоһЩǿϢôһЩǴﵽ˽ɵľ磬Ȼһλǿ
ڸյĹ֮УŶԷһĽĪҲע⵽һЩΧ·ˣĿⶼͶԼˣĪԷĿʱ򣬶ԷظԼһЦݡ
Цݣһ룬ǸĪߵյģҲĪӶԼߵգֶ˼ֺ档
˷ɵһƶϵĽʱֱ䵽ǰָǰĽЦŶĪ˵
ǴƽʱҺͼϻƶһĺʲôʣѯһǼܹģһڣ
˵仰ֱ֮Ī֣Ȼǰȥ
߰ɣҴ㵽濴˳ʶһҵļϻƣǶϲĺ󱲣
Ѿ˽ȥĪ΢룬Ҳ˽ȥ
֮ǰļһ˿ռֶεģ濴̫󣬵ȴǿռһǳš
Ī߽乬֮󣬱մţ˼䷿ݣȻ߽һ΢һЩĹ
ŵһ̣Ī̾ͿǰһͷܣϰڷŵĲ򣬻˵ֻ
ĪĿܵһɨӣĿܹ֮ϰڷһᡢƤƤͷʯȵȸֲʵĶ涼ٵļ¼һЩݡ
ĪӸоԼͺ߽˰ټѧǳƷĵطټѧɳƷĵطҪĶ࣬һȥͨЩܹԵĸоһ³֮
ҪȣЩûɵĵ伮ֵߣȽ϶ѣвٵĶû˿ֵˣҲǷﵱ룬Ҳú֪н֮Իͣǿǰһһ߳ġ
תͷһĪӣºͶֵͳӣǳƵļ˵
˵ֶ֮Ī֣ҴȥҵļϻƣƽʱϲһͥĴתϲһЩżҲָһĺ󱲡
յĪӲûл೤ʱ䣬͵һǰϯضļˡ
⼸˾ͺԵһҲ͸һɳĺ֮ԵգΪϵϢƺЩ硣
ÿһ˵ǳĲϣеλ徹ȻһЩΣ֮УҲͬЩ˼顣
ߵ⼸˵ߣż˴˸кȻֶߵĪӿʼǰļˡ
⼸ϻƣҲ󣬶ԪҪߵͷˣΪҲҲ࣬ҪʲôʣԾǣһⶼܹõ𣬱ڶ⸱ӣ֮Увپ
յĻһ˵꣬ĪȻ𾴣ǰļλˣڣһ
Īӣݼλͣ
ǰ⼸λ壬ʣ֮һҲΪôߣҲô죬ÿһˣ̵ĵߣ𾴵͡
Īû뵽ԼͥȻ֮ͥУ⼸λͣͬӣҲЩᣬûгΪɣ⼸λͣƺҲ˳ĺ֮ʱ


һʮ ߣϣ
ĪӹһļĿⶼϸ´һ֮󣬼λ˵ıȴ΢Щͬ
պеλĪӵĿ֮зǳͣȻĪӱȽ⣬⻹ˣ΢΢üͷһۣûп˵ֻǽĿͶյˡ
Īգǰ˵Ŀ⣬֪λϻƿֵܷʲôƬ֮ĶҲ˵ĴϵЦҲ΢΢һЩ
ͷһĪӣնŸղŶԼ˵޷ЩۣҲһȫǻ£ܹùǾһԵֻҪͺã
˵仰ʱ򣬲ûôķʽҲûбܻԱߵĪӡ
ĪյĻͬʱҲλͿԼ֮ķӦжַӦԭҲԵһЩ²⡣
֮ǰӴʱ򣬶Էֿ飬ʵȴҪԼԶ֮ĪӸоЩ̫ԾڱչعΪʱ䣬ĪӾͿʼѰԭ
һϸķʡ֮ĪӰĿ䵽ϣܹԼزԼʢ֮󣬻һƵ֣ȻԺһ鷳
鷳ĪҲܹµʮа˾žλߡ
һɾˣһλ߶ϣ磬ǶһӰһǸŨزסӰ׾ͻᱻһЩڹ۲˵ʿ֡
ĪӲ룬֮ǰǰܾͣǿԼˣԲŻַӦ
Ȼ˵Ļ֤Īӵ롣
λϻƣùˣǿܻһܴ鷳һպ֮ʱһҪע⣬ŬǿʵĪ׷գܿȥǾһĥԷɺ£
յºͶֵͳĪҲȻǳá
лָ㣬ģһСĽģĪӹشͬʱҲԼԵ鷳е˲Сѹ
λĴߣȻɻᶢԼֻҪԼһûڶԷԱʵԼһղ㰲ȫһλߵԱֻҲΪһߣڱ˵ıӻ£վ©ֻܱһʱǳ֮ơ
ΨһĪӱȽοǣԪ«ﵽԷĳ̶֮ǰλĴߣӦòôŶ֣ԼΪ΢ǱȽϰȫ
Īӵ̬ⷬȺоֹ䵽ڳĸλ͵УһҲаԵͷ
ǶѾ˺ܾõˣһǰ;ԲŻ᳣⴫֮УȴԪߵͷͬʱܵΪ巢һЩȡ
֮УҲ󱲣ЩЩѾԽǣΪ˽ɾǿߣЩʷĳ֮УΪʷ֮оһֵǡ
һ˵ǻܹһۿģǰĪӵ֣Ҳ΢ġ
յԣһλͷϵͷѾÿݻͬӲһˣ΢ЩɳƵڵҪס־ͷͬʱСĽпܶɹѹءǵһѵü󱲣ʲôϵʣ⣬Ծ˵˵Ǽϼһܹһ𰸡
λ͵ĻĪŶԷһȻҲûн飬ֱӰԼһЩ˳
ԼһһЩ⣬ĪӻǽǰںϣԼøǿһһЩ⡣
ԭھȽϵ͵ʱ򣬸оԼݵĹ൱ˣΪٴν۽綼ͬգͷٿǰԼƷܹصһЩˡ
ǰ⼸λܹЩ⣬ôĪ˵һĺˡ
ĪӽԼЩʳϣõ𰸣δǱһЩҪԿ˼ѣû뵽ʳĵһ⣬̾͵õ˴𰸣һشλͣ͵Ļ൱͸
ڵһ֮Īһ׳⣬͵һһ⼸λͼû˼ֱӸĴ𰸡
һĪӿǰ⼸λͣĿ֮һĨɻ֮ɫǰ⼸λͶ֮˽⣬Ե̣±һЩǿ˵ҪʤһȻɾ磬ûܹͻƽɣʵЩá
ƺĪеʣǰһ߿ڵǲЩɻҵΪʲôûͻƽɾ磿
Īӵ˵ͷãԼλ֮ܣȷӦóɾͽɣ
仰˵꣬ǰļλͣһֱ̬ȺƵڣȫ˳Ĭʮʱ䣬һƵĿ̾Ϣһ
ɾ磬ô׵ģ⼸ϼһѾ֮ˣԵɣ
˵λͣһλݿݣͬʱϻһЩεˣۿϸֶ̣ɫЩڣһڸɿݵľһ
ĪӵĿͶ֮λҲĪʵ֪ҵȻ˶ˣ
仰ĪӺͻش𣬾İѴ˵˳
ûмǴĻӦѾǧ꣬ʱ廹һ䣬ĵһ˻ʻûеʱ˵޷ӴĶ
˵ʱλ˿һԼͬɿ֦һֿۣһԱһλҲЩεͣٴο˵
ûǸʱ壬ѾһЩʶ־֮ʿ֪ҪǿһҪԾвˣַܹͨĹ
һЩǴ塢֣ǹ飬ҧأϥĴǵͳôֻƬһЩˣڴĴѰѰһЩǿ֮󣬿ܻµ󣬻ЩԲģҪƾԼ칦
˵ʱΪͣһ£ȻŽ˵Ĺô״ģֻƬֻģԣֻһδεԴ֮ǰС
һδεԴͬҲûд۵ģеļգһݺݵĽѵһЩ˵ˣһЩ˻ҲһõĽѵ
˵仰֮ԼǸɿݵľһ֣Ȼһֱֻֻ֣նţնϵֱֻۣشӶϿڴ˳ľһ㡣
ĪĿĿ̣ӶԷ³ĸɿֱϣĪӸо˸ҵĵϻһγһִֹƽ⣬Ϊʲôһλɾˣ廹лˡ
һ֮ĪԷǸĸɿֱ۵ʱ֮Ǿ塣
֮еĵߣûĬĬŵĸĽôˡ


һʮ ߣ£
λЩεһ֮󣬼϶ԷʾĪ֪ϵֻεôˡ
һδ̽µĵˣûмʱãʹ䲻ϵĳձ޷ˡ
̶ֳȣѾĸ־İǣõֱֻ۵ĻΣû
ʾˣʵʲô鷳ĵطԪ֮ˣǰ⼸λͣǵԪҲܵشҴ˿ֲܿ޷޲ѾӰ쵽ǵԪȣԲŻĳĺ֮С
ʵͺĪĲ࣬ڳ⼸ͣǶһߣҲ֮̽ߣʼһһȫһˣͬҲһݳΡ
նĿߣҪеķգͬʱķѸΪ˿·
ڳͣ¿գÿ˵Ԫ֮ϣѾ޷ĥˣĸְæѹƣͲˡ
ĸ־ľҲֻܹһûа취׽ǵˣҸĸֲ²⣬Ԫ֮ϵˣ¾ֻصϴ񣬶һܹ޸
ΪһʼͻǣңֻҲûа취޸ƣ⼸ͣҲһֱûȥֻأ׼һֱԪľͷ
ͥרΪģʼʱﲢ֣ǽ͵ֻǺЩͻԼµӣΪһЩףԲŰĳ˴ΪǰѰָ˽ϵɻ
ķǳ֮ʱЩ˻ѡʹ˷֣꣬ЩֱҲȻкܶĲµ飬ͬʱҲԼΪ֮ˡ
⼸λͣ΢һߵ̬ǳ֮⣬ƽʱҲϲǰϣܹΪһ㹱ס
̬Īܹ⣬λ˽֮ĪӾͼԼ⡣
ǼλͻһۣʼĪһһֱĪ⣬˵ȫõĴ𰸣еĴһĴ𰸣ʣµһЩЩҲһЩ飬Ī˽Щһ·
е֮󣬼λͿʼĪӣеɫøˡ
Ȼǽɣÿһ˶ڵ򶼼ΪĪЩʣǾ֪ĪӶڵ򣬱ԤڵҪ̣ҲܹĪӱеҪ㡣
ڼλ˵ڵǣصļ֮һܹһЩĺ󱲣ԶĪӵ̬ȾͱøһЩ
Ī֮󣬶ŸλлȻҲδ뿪λϣܹۿһ³ЩϵĶ
ĪӵҪ󣬼λͲûоֻܾһһЩȽϾԶҴĶҪۿ
ӲܶɹպѹأسɴĪԶһȥʱ򣬼λͿĪӵıӰ仹ڽš
ȷǳǸ鷳Сֻд߲ܹǿסļλߣֲƬ̲ĸߣջֻܿ컯

͵ĪӲû⣬ߵ֮еһܴϼͷʯͷϸĶš
ЩǳͨҲΪԶ̻ݶûʲô̫ļֵĪȴ÷ǳ档
ʼ⼸ϣ¼Ĳ֣׶Ϳѻһ㣬ֻµĳͼĪֱ治ͼĵʲôҲ֪ͿѻЩˣʱʲô
ǸʱӦûû֣¼Щʲôֻͼ¼ӣҲпԭ
ֻǼʱ䣬һϵĶĪӾѾһɨˣȻǵڶܣеĶҲ࣬ӦͬһʱڵƷ
ĪЩǰûפ̫ãĿʶͬʱɨѾϸϸĶˡ
һֱʮܵʱĪϿһѾɿݴȴвٵĽᣬȻΪĽᡣ
ɿݴĪо뵽ĸ֣¡
ļϣĪӾͿһЩŽڵĶȻһ壬滭һͼֻзǳ򵥵ļʣһˣ׷һֻϲʲôҰ޵Ļ
ĻѾܹıһЩ˼ĪӾͶ࿴ۡ
Ȼ¿һƤϣһߣӦҲǼ¼õģֻǿ˼
һֱĪӿٶܵʱϿһ޹ǣ̻żͼѾֵĳˣЩͼĪУҵһƵͼǸ˼⣡
ô¿Щ¼ŻĶˣ˺ּܶأʱĪѾܹЩϼصֵˡ
Щڵֵݣλ˵ģûʲôֵݾǼ󡢿־塢ϲõȵһЩдֶǵпֻȥ˼
ڵٶϵʱĪӿһƤ¼ݣ̲סͣפϸһ¡
Ƥ¼ģȻǷǳǳһЩطǴģǰƤϵѾ̤֮·Ŀܡ
ӿƤ֮ĪӽϵĶͶйصݣ¼Щݵ壬ҪƤƤȶûж
Īһһܿȥÿǰͣʱ䲻ôܺɹȥ˲ٵʱ䡣
ټѧɸеƷĳһ棬Ḷ֮́еһ֣еЩ֮·һһ̡
ȻЩʱյ˵ֵ̫󣬵ϸһ֮ĪӸоԼҲвСջЩ˱ֵ֮⣬Ļ壬ͬҲǰ֤ͺۼ
ĪӸоԼͥ͹ջѾԼˣһЩϵʣҲһʷ
ЩˣҴȥͥطɣһЩطûȥҸٽһ£ʡ´ʱҪʲôȴ֪ȥģĪӽЩϵĶ׵ĿºͶֵͳһδĶС
յĪ΢һ£ŵͷ˵Ǿͣˣ
˵仰֮Īһ͹֮߳˴յĴ£ȥϤͥĸ
֮ǰѾϤ˲ٵطʣµĵطԭҲûжˣûãվ͸Īӽˡ
Ī׼лʱͻȻ֮䣬߳һɫУֱӽû
һռ֮кĪӷԼͥУֻǰȴһˣĴ顣


һʮ ʱ֮
վԼǰ飬Īûκԥ̶ŶԷһ
Īӣǰ
ԼͻȻ֮䱻ԷǰĪЩģͥҲû뵽Լôıλֱǰ
վĪǰ飬˿̲ûпĪӣĿһֱŵͭķϣɫǳרעĪӵĻ֮󣬻ǸĪӻӦ
֮ǰȥ˴кθ룡
ĻĪӵĶУĪ̿ڻشҼλͣд֮геƷ࣬Ҳȷмָп
Ī仰֮ĿתȻ˵͹ˣпͲҪˣǣҪ˸п
仰ĪɫһȻ˵ͷûнӻֻǵȴĻ
ԷͻȻǰô϶Լ˵Ĵߣ˵ҲĨǣϾҪֱˡ
ٶЩ⣬ȴЩܹͣȡᣬһΪ˹֮ԣһ˿ɱȣ
仰Ī¶Цݣǰ鹪һ񣬡лǰ֣
ĪӲûилĿ佱ǸлԼĻ֣Ϊ֪ԼΪľٶܹ䵽ԷУΪԷעԼעⲢǳڼӵĿģǳڶԼĿġ
ĪӵĻ֮ԭûбϣҲ¶һĨЦ⣬Ȼڵ
Ըţ
һĪվԭسĬû˵ƺԥţʵĪӵѾڿǸξܾȽίˣ
ҺţԵֲǳѾɾ磬û뵽ܹӵ룬ҼţĪӴ˿а
ڴϵʱʼӴʱ͵ʱϣԼܰһЩ飬üŵջʱĪӾѾܾˡ
Ѿɾ磬͸ûмŵıҪˣˣŵ飬ĪҲıԼ뷨
Īԥûڵʱȴٴο˵Ȼ㲻ԸǾͰˣ
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£УֻһˣȻ㲻Ը¾ʹ˽ҹĶĪ˵
仰Īٴα˳Ĭȴ֪Լܹõıǳˡ
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ĬƬ֮Ŀתеķϣһ
֪֮ǰλߵݣ
ǰָ㣡Īԣ̴ʮ־׼Ľ齫ҪĿģܾҪԷһЩϢ
Ĵ֮Уʵǿһʱ֮񣬵ʱļλ֮һٶȴһ
ɾʹߵʱѾ˳˴أڶ֮УֵĴ࣬Ҳٳǰ
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һλʱ֮񣬺ϵߣ֮еǿߣ»Ƚϵ͵ٳ֣ЩϢһĪﶼһָоԼղǲǲӦþܾ顣
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λʱ֮Ϊ֮еǿߣܹԿȻʵ飬ʱ֮ȴ컯֮⣬ܹ֮ͶԷԿ޼
һλ߶ϣĪǰ;ǵĸоѾˣԼֲܷԪ«ֻӲͷƤȴŽһ죬ܹͶԷˡ
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˵仰֮ͻȻĪӣŵͭķݵĪӵǰ
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Ī΢΢գգۣое£һλĴߣҪԼʾĴۣǲЩ̫ˣ


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ĪĿֱͶ赣̽Լʶȥ赡
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Щ鶼һЩСϢǳɢһЩֵע⣬һЩûжټֵһЩĪӿ˻΢ЩΣͱ˵ͼǿ֮д顣
ϢѾȥʱˣͥҲƺڣϢǶǣ˿֮󣬵һӡ󲢲Ǿþȣǻ١
ϸͨǰĹĻһϢĪӶľƣˡ


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鷳λСѰһˣ͵ӸӰɽ÷ۣܹҵĴǣǶڣҵļҲԣ
ӹĪӵݹĴԼöתͷԼӷԸصסȻѶ͵Ҳ˵һ
Ӣԣ̹һ񣬡ʦĪǰģҶһΪĪǰѶ͵
ĪӼ״΢Цŵ˵ͷǺܸɴתȥĪӵͷȻʹ뿪ˡ
ȥıӰĪӲûиһߣΪ֪ԼͬУԼҲûбҪȥ΢һȣһЩ룬ڴҶԣܹһЩ
Ǹ֪˵ˣ
Լӣڷɳһξ֮󣬷ĪӲûиɵͬʱٶҲ΢һЩ
ŵӣٶһЩ֮󣬷ӢͿڶʵʦ㲻˵λĪǰд鷳нΪλǰͶ
ԼӵĻٶԷŻһЩȻ󿪿˵ϵȷ鷳Ǹ鷳Ӧòô죬ˣֲΪôһСºͶԷԾ˳ƴӦˣ֮ǰ˵ĻȻҪסҪн
Ӣ˵ͷԼʦĻǿɲҲҶλĪǰϵ鷳ҲǿѨ硣
һΣǴĪӰݷԼʦ֮ԭһǰһʱң˺ʦ÷ӢһȥΪǺĪκεĽԾ׼һȥ
˲ٿڣطɵȴͻȻôһ˿ƽˡ
ֻ͸ѣӦòʲôɣ


ٶʮ ϼͳ
ͥصԼĵһ·ĪߵƵģ״̬ǳС
ʱĪ·߿ƫһЩܹ;ķ羰ʱʱģһЩΧû˵ƲʱĪӻƲ֮̽һ¡
õǣĪӰһСռ䣬̽һ£ȻСռ֮һƬޣĪӻջ˼ɲģ֮Сռʱ򣬻ɼһ֮
ͬʱĪҲ֣Ʋ֮еСռ䣬״̬ƺЩ̫ȶ䵮ԭɺԣڵ֮󣬹˶ÿܾͻɢȻҲųôһֻ᳹ȶųһϴСռ䡣
ܹõȶСռ䣬ǶڵĪ˵ҲһݻԵһЩȽСռ䣬ӵгɳΪСǱʵģǽɾǿߣҲԵһ¡
ҲĪã̽Сռջ֮⣬һЩջ˳;ʶ˼λˣȻ˴˵ĵñȽԶɾ˵־Ҳ¶ռ֮ɡ
ĪںЩʶ˽̸Ĺ֮УҲõһЩ˼ϢǱ˴˴һЩСϢݴĳλķرж֮ɾµǿܼ
ֵһǣЩ˻ᵽɾ£Ů֮ǿߣ
⣬ĪӺЩ˽һЩɸ΢˽⵽Ϊɽɾ磬һЩ׼
ɾͻƽɾ磬ͺɷ֮Ĳһһ޴ĺ蹵
ɸѾˣܹͻƽɾģҲֻô࣬ÿһɸͻƵḶ́˵һЩ壬Ҳֻн壬ѸƱ˵ĳɹ
ԵΪӽɾʱЩɸΪԼ׼ͻƷҲǸָ֮վǵ
ĪӾãԼҲⷽһЩ׼ȻԼɾ绹кԶ׼վʲô£һԼɾУҲܹߵúܿ죬ôǸպ
ʮʱ䣬ĪڻصԼĵĸյ죬ĪӸоԼĵ֮УԼϤĵطҲԼԸͣĵط
֮УĪʶɨԼĵûʲô̫ı仯һЩô̵ʱ䲻øһЩ
ĪӿһЩִһ⣬䵽һЩľ֮ϣ˼ʼæµ
ʱԭԵЩĵ죬ЩӰֱ֮˼֡
ڲľԱŵĪЩĲУɷĲѾǳӽˣûдɷһֻôһš
ĪʵҪѪܹһĪȴٳûһһʱЩãһ棬ĪҲúõĳŵɷʱܹ
ЩĴæµĪתߵԼסļӴȡԼīȣͥȡһСľ
ĪӲûôֱľīȵĲʣһľʶϸ̽
ɲĪ֮ǰڵ伮֮пܣӴǵһΣ֮ǰͥõֵʱĪӾѾоɲĵĲҪϸоһ¡
Īˮľ֮ɴ쵽ٵĴһľеģҪϸ֪̽ףȻһѵ顣
һϸϸĸӦ֮Īִ۽ĸоһСľԶԼеĻҪ
ССһľ֮У̺ľ֮֮ӵǺٵĵϻһľ֮ΪͳĵϣӶ仯
ͨһСľĪԼһ˿֮İ
еߣԼ޵ĵ·֮УᴥĵͬĪӶڷ֮ռ֮ȣҲ΢һЩԡ
˶ĵջǱᶨԼ޵ĵ·ԴΪƫ룬ܹ·ߵĳԶ
ȻҪԼ޵ĵǶԼ漰ĵͲܹȥھһ£Щ޵ĵҪôѡ񳹵ײȥᣬҪôѡԼĵ֮С
ĪͨһСľԼ֮ƺˣν޵ĵԼ֮С
򣬶Īӽźܴİͻ˽ɾ֮ͬҲа
֮ǰǿ֮мļνǿ֣߳ǵĹ֮У̺˶ֵϣɾǨͬҲܹһ㣬׷֮Уĵ
Īϸоһľ֮գóһЩĲϣһСľһ׼ԼīȵĲʣԼҪĳ̶ȡ
̲ѣرľɲ֮󣬾͸ûʲôѶˡ
ĪæīǿȵʱѾӣͨڤٵ˴ϡ
˾µߣһûа취ڤ֮ģǵҲסڤ֮ڵڤ֮ʴһλɻ֣ϷӢ˶ޣͣʱǳ̣ͨڤǵӰ첢Ǻܴ
ԵӸתմȾһ˿ڤ֮վһû˵ȵ˸֮ſڶǰ˵
˴ǴˣΪʦ͵˵أʣµ飬ʲôȥʲô˵
ĸӣ֮ϣһЩ˸һЩ£ҪɵʲôʲôţһҪԼжϣøǵı֮ϸЯãȥͶ÷۵˽Ӵ֮⣬ǾҪ¶Լʱ˵Լɢ޾ͺã
ע鶼ѾˣΪʦҲͲٶ˵ˣ۵ʲôʱмǣģյĿģҪͨᶨģɹ֣
˵Щ֮󣬶ӵ˵ͷȻӵ棬ֱӳ𣬱ֱķ˸߿գܿʧ˶˵Ұ֮С
ӣϻǱȽϷĵģޣŵϣеĸˣɵĳϼοվҲܻΣգǾûʲôõĵġ
˵ǳԿǾ͸ӲˣӷڴϣҪǶԿԿԵĶˣȻͳɳˡ
Լʦ뿪ʶѾİĻˣӢ˶һۣһʱҲЩã֪øʲô
ڣ˱̵Ĳ֮˾Ϊʦֵҿڵ
ȸǴϵȻݵķȥĪǰˣ˳һ·Ĵ߿͵Ŀʼɣ
һһ˵꣬ӢҲ̵ͷӣץһڱǼᣬ½£ƺڴϵĻеǳ档
Ǿȥݰɣһ·ϿһЩ˵кܶĵطǿ


ٶʮ ۹ʽ
֮ϣķӢˣվѰĪȣΪĿʼ
ȫûѶٹ˾Χҵ̣Ŀǰڵĵط˳Żݸȥ
ϵˣǷǳǿҵģΪʦֵһһЩɷӢǼʲôʣȻͨŮСеʧֻ̬ҪʵĶͻͣ¹ۿ
һ˵ٶȻǿ첻һǱͲʱ䣬ҪĿĻ˵ͶȥֻҪܹѶ͵λĪǰûнһøʱ䡣
λãǿݵݣ彮˵ҲЩƫԶĵط˿ڵҲô֮࣬ϵ˵ʱݼˣѾǳĶˡ
ҴϵͨǵʽҲԭֻڵ伮г֮˽Щˣоǳľʡ
Ȼʳסкܶ෽棬Щͨǵֻ˵һ㣬Ӵһ޵ĶĸʳзһЩϰףⶼ֮ϽӴġ
֮ϵڴϵ⼸գܹоһڲͬϢҲرãȴرʵڡ
ʦãѾˣǾ뿪ݰɣѾ˴ˣ;һ·ϣкܶóԺģǿԱ߱߿ݶһǰһ߽ŵĴС봢﷨֮Уһ߶ƷζķӢ˵
ԼʦֵĻӢ΢Щ˵Ҫ뺣ݱȽϽһҪȥݿ˵ܺˮ彻֣
ӢĻѸٵĽϵĶʰ꣬Ȼҡҡͷ˵˰ɣ˼ģȵɹ֮󣬳Ϊˣص֮ϣǿȥĽ紦Χǰˮֽ֣Ǳ𿿽ˣ
ҵĻӢƷʳ£˵ͷҲûмϾ
֪Լʦֲȥԭ򲻽Ϊһ㣬иҪһ㣬ڻʳķȡ
֮ϣ˷֮ʱΨһоЩ̫ӦĵطҲ˵䲻ãһֱ֮ϵˣ΢΢ĸоЩӦѡ
磬˷ȵĴڣÿҹ֮󣬸Ǿͻرմţʱ޷ɵĳˣһЩطзػҪһ£ͻ⵽֮ᾪʳĹԱЩ˵ûôˡ
ɹʶûκԥֱ뿪ǣݵķ򿿽
Ȼʦ˾һ·ϵĳԳԺȺ֮ãЩϵĶһȫǷǳóԣܹʤЩ֮࣬ʤʣ볢һ£;һЩطʳҵ⿵ζȣԳƵʳ
ڼ䣬ҺͷӢˣҲһЩӰ飬˵һЩԺܲɢޡ
ЩЩǲǵ˵ͷϣһЩǱˣϵһմȾͬѪ
֮ǰ͸ǽЩ飬ʱ򣬻˾÷ǳӦ
һ·ͣͣĥĥ䣬Źĸµʱ䣬ҺͷӢˣ򽭣˲׸׸ӿڡ
֮ϣһҾ޴ĴֻЩվʿһԴӣոյҺͷӢˣѡ񿿽һЩۿ
һЩֿ֮ӿ·һƬ˺棬Сʹֻ
浹Ϊ׳ۣӢϵ֮еľ󣬿ڳһ䡣
ĳ棬Ȼûа취֮ϵЩȣҲͬ׳ˡ
ԱһΪֻ꾳ʿ˷ӢĻתͷ˷ӢһۣӢӢˬʣСʷǳ㿪ڴһ仰
֮еȻ׳ˣЩҲԽԽˣ֮еЩֻ֧΢ЩôҪעģǽϵǼҴ󴬣
λʿһҺͷӢ̽Ŀת˶ԷоԷһˣӢ˳ŶԷһ¡
ʦ˵һݣܷǽһ£
λʿӢԼĳƺЩĿһżڵ
Щ׾ˣûпѵΪϵصѲİҾ͸ѽ⽭ļҴ󴬰ɣ
Щ֮ԽԽ࣬ڽļҴ󴬣ԸЩˣ
Ǳߵңǻʳפڴ˴ľӵģݸǻʳõ֮֮ȡˮѪ⣬ܹܿս֮
ҴԱߵģǱذټѧõĴ󴬣ټѧӣаټ֮ͬҲҪ
ԱһЩģһ׸õģ滹ңǱصСŵĴֻ
Щ󴬣ÿҴϣмλΪ񾳽ϵǰٿأ֮£ÿζջõʱ˵ܹԵ֣ǿǼֵư
ڴ˴꣬һҲֻĿ˼ʮֱֻĳ棬õĻ˵ܹ
ʿϰһ֮󣬼һԵķӢ棬ʱ˵ĸȤˣԭҪסĻͷʱЩֹסˡ
ָԶĽ棬һѸղŽܵʱ򣬱ԹȥĴ֧˵ղŸǽܵǼҴ󴬣ĳֻͣȴǣҴˣŲμϵֻżһΣֻÿջķᣬѾ֣
ôҴķĴ֧ԣЦʵ
÷۵Ĵ֧÷۵֣ӦҲ˵ɣʿش
÷ۣһ֣ҺͷӢ̶һۣȻĿⶼ䵽÷۵Ĵϡ
Ҫ崬ϵ£ֻҪҴϵ˲ǿڣǾܹÿһ˵ò
˵ĿУ̿÷۵Ĵϣһֻм˶ѣ۵һվڴϵĸߴһĿ⿴ǳݷǳʵ꣬Ϊﵽ񾳽硣
֮⣬Ҵϻλ񾳽ĸ֣һڴæµһΪӦߵģǺеڴϣһ̳ڽ̳еľ֮㵹
һĻӢʦٴζһۣȻӢ˵
ʦ֣ҪҪȥк
ȱż￴ɣȵ֮ȥӴһ£͵÷ۣȽϱһЩҡҡͷ˵
Լʦõ˼ѾµˣȥֱӴк˵ȥμ档ڱæڱ˴˲ʶ£ǲҪȥŵĺá


ٶʮ С˼
֮ϵȻڴĸ˵رΣգһԿţҺͷӢ˷ǾȻüΪġ
һҴϵʿøֶΣݵĴ󴬣ˮ£Ȼ󲻶ϵĽвɱ̲ûʲôԣ˴֮ϵҲûжãջʱȴǲԾ˸еһ˿˷ܣԹҲһ
ÿЩ󴬻ջʱǵĿӺɨһۣЩϵСҲͬڻջ
Ӣۿ֮еļҴ󴬣ﵽ񾳽ˮ֮ڣֻ֮ĹһȺΪֻ꾳ʿ֮£ֻΪﵽ񾳽ˮѪֱӾͱ
Ȼ֮УһЩô̵Ĵ֧⧲֮±ٵˣⲢֹĴ֧ȡԼһջ
ֲΪĲʱ򣬵һѾγһֹ֪ʱ򣬵һֵͬʱӴ񾳽ˮЩꡢ磬ͨ˵Ⱥ֮УԵЩˣ
ӢҿЩкݺݵĳһ£֮ǼģΪĸߵͣһսɱ¾ʵϲŸӲпһЩ
̫бӽβˮϵЩ󴬣½ĿʼŰ߿£ҺͷӢˣĿⶼ÷۵ֻ󴬡
ڸղĹУҲһֱעҴԱΧҴ󴬣÷ݵĴֵֻ֧йоأջǼҴ֮ٵģӦߵġ
ۿ÷۵Ҵ󴬿Ӣ˹ȥ׼Ⱥ˴кȻһȥ÷ۣȷûʲô֮󣬾ͰλĪǰǽĶ÷۵ˡ
ѴȻǾͻȥɣջ񲻴ϧûвԵ֣÷۵Ĵһھ̴Ӵ֮󣬱תͷ˵
Ļһ˵̧֣꣬ԼĶͷͬʱüͷҲ΢΢һ¡
ȡһ̳ƣæһڣںھ֮ԭŵüͷչһЩ
ʦʹ࣬һʱĻ¶ʹϰ߲٣ʦͻƴʱܹǰˣʦҲܹ׼ɴˣڵһ𣬽һӰƮƮأ˵Ȼܹ֪ڵĵɡ
Ӣ˹ʱÿɵӰ£ĽŲɵ˼֡
ԭɵĻ׼ʰһԼӵڣڿҺͷӢˣ̰עת˵ϡ
˿ȽȷԼûм˵ϢҲļãҲж˵ΪߵͣԼΣոоڵһʱȷǰ˾Բǡ
ͬվߵɣҲԼϸܵһΣյĸоעҲ䵽˵ϡ
ʱ򣬴ϵҲˣΪһﵽ񾳽ĬĬվڵͬʱԼ˴Ӵ˵ǰ
Ӣ˿֮̿˵ʸλѿ÷۵ӣ
һ仰ٿ˵ı֣оӦò鷳ģ֮΢иһЩǱظ
λ÷ڣλѣ
һڽԼ֣Ӣ˻һۣ϶¶һĨЦݡҵˣڣλĪǰĶӣҲǿ԰Ѵġ
ô죬ʦ֣
֮ǰõ
ڻһ۵ͬʱҲлഫ
жݵĽ꣬ҾͶǰ˵Ҷ֮УҪǰ÷ۣһ͵ǵУ·˴˵һҴ÷۵ģԾ͹͸λʶһ£
ʦͶЩʦּû뿪ݣ֪λ˭֮Уѵǵ걻ʦԵЩŮޣ˵Ļ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵Ļȴôһ˿
ˣǶЩ̫ı֣ѾϰΪˣԸǺƣͬҲǻȽ٣ɱڵ
ԭλ֮У÷ͶģʶλҪ͵ʦУǽҵȣҵȴȥ͵ʦ
Ҷ˴֮УҲ֮⣬Ļȥ÷۰ݷһ£ԣ˵
ˣǾһͬаɣҲ뿴˭ʦǣͻȻ뵽ʲôüͷ΢΢һ˵˵ֺ֮ɵĿһǰˣȻ΢ɲҡҡͷ
ڼȻô˵ˣҺͷӢ˱Ҳôģ÷۵ˣȻٻʲô⡣
ǰ˵Ǽ٣⻹Ǵ⣬ֻҪص÷ۣ÷۵󷨣ټǵʵǰˣǴĸ֣Ҳһʰǣ
Ӳݵ·;ԶͨӻȥҲ̫ʱ䣬һͬУܿͽݾڡ
һ·ϣںʦͽˣϵĺҡӢ˽̸ͨòķʽ˵ĵϸ
ҺͷӢѾˣҲһЩ飬Ǹյϵʱ̬Ѿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳܹʦͽˣڲϵѯǵĵϸ
ǵ֮ǰѾԸǲҪ˵ǰͶ֮һ㣬Ǿ÷۵ǰסģ黹֪ԽԽãԶֱӰأǻû˵
ͨһ·ϵĽ̸ӢˣҲԼ֮󣬷֮Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ǰܲһЩϵ壬ܹˡ
˲֪ǣͨһ·ϵĽ̸ںʦͽˣѾںǵĽ̸֮У֪ǲٵĵϸͱ˵ΪȻǴһ㣬Ŀģûжġ
ĸ֣ǿߣʲôܹǲͶվڵԣôķʽ˵
ʲôˣȽɽʦһв඼ˣͱˡͬôķʽ˵
˵֮ڻתͷһۣӣʾѣҲܺã˼Щ̫ˡ
ǰʱ򻹺ãԼܹʰԴͻ񾳽֮󣬲Ѿʦˣֶܹξˡ
Щ÷۵ĵ֮УڵˣԷĪͬҲܹһЩˡ
ΪɵʦڶԼӷǳ˽⣬ǰΪһλ˻ʣƺҲЩ£Ȼ÷۵ûʲô˼ԼС˼ȴǲ١
ǰһʱͻ񾳽֮һϵе飬û˵Լȴˡ


ٶʮ 
ɽ걻֣Ƿǳߴɽ壬ȴС÷۵֮
Դ÷۵Ĺӿɽ֮ĪӣĴǵʱݵ߲֪ԭ÷۵ĪӣѾǰ֮ϡ
Ϊݵ޲ݱĵһˣƬϣĪӾмߵ뿪ϵʱֻжʮң÷ҲǺˣڿʼõ͵йһֱ֮õ£÷ɾͳСš
ΧļУ÷۵ʵҲǰμġ
ҺͷӢϣ⼸µʱ䣬ҲһЩСŵפԱ·ûнȥڽɽ֮һ·÷ߣһ·ϸĴš
˵۹÷פʵǳСȸСȴȫɽϿᡢ԰ȵЩӦоУɽ壬Ȼɢһֵǳ֮
һֱ÷ۣڿªķݵʱԵһ£о䷿ݣɽĽȣЩ̫ªˡ
Ȼ󣬵ǵĿע⵽÷ʱеɫͱرˡ
˵۹⣬Ե÷ǳ÷Ѿӽɲĵĳ̶ˣĹʵǽӲӵģžͷǳĲ
÷£վһ꣬⣬÷ϡ
ע⵽ҺͷӢ˵Ŀ⣬վµϵջأȻŲ΢ߵ˵ǰĿڵ
÷ǣλѣ
ǵѣ߹ҺͷӢǰǡ
ǰ꣬ǴҪҵˣλĪǰĴӣΪȻǳ
˵ΪܹԼĸоϴһ˿Σյĸо
˵λ֮УǰͶģ֪˭֮УͺֱӿżɽҺͷӢ˵ǳƽҲûʲô飬˸о˿顣
Ҳûһ㣬ֱȡһݵǵǰǴҶ֮ϣڴĪǰ֮Уｻǵѣ
ҵĴû˿ϣڳһЩֿٽӹҵݹĴ
Ī͹ģʵûȫţǸֵһ˲䣬ǾѾ˴룬Ϊ÷۹Ϣ
ŴתڵеĴǣһĪµĽ̽⿪ˣеĶʶ̽鵽ˡ
ӣѾ׵˵ƾ财֮ЩĶ÷۵ĹĪ֮⣬ԲܳԵڶ֮֡
ȷ֮Ҳ˳ȷĪӵİȫԭûʲôϣ¶һɾʵЦݡ
Цݵţͷ·ͻȻǰҺͷӢ˿һ㶣ֻλǵѣӦһλȵˡ
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ˣǾʹŵһʱˣҺͷӢԣûѡܾ
֮ǽһ÷۵ĵӣȽ˰ȥϢȻڵˣǣҽ֮ĪӸ˵Ķһһǡ
û뵽Ǵ֮ģֲûͻȻð޸֣֪һ֮һöĿɽϵһͥԺ˵
е򣬾ĪרΪ׼Ķһ֮Ƶĵ伮вûĳ䷽ӦûһЩС
ΣλǰʦǵģǵעⲻҪй¶ˣһԵеһƿҩȻڳ˵
һ㣬÷Щ꣬ΪȻ񾳽磬Ѿ񾳽ڣֽѾǳˣ񾳽絽磬м˵ƿģĪӾ͸׼ҩΪ
÷۵ˣĪһû뿪֮ǰѾ÷۵ģר׼ĶºŵģĪҲͬ׼һЩܹչ˵ÿһˡ
ڴҶܸˣԭ򲢲ΪЩͨЩˣ֪Լʦƽ£Ϊͻɾ磬÷۵˵ĺϢ
վȺ֮УձȽϻԾɣʱȴԵñȽϳĬḧеһĿȴ˷ӢʱϢǸԺ䣬ĪĹâ
λޣ⵹һܺõڱ˷Լ֮ǰջԼĿ⣬ȴͷ
ڶ˽һȷԼС˼
÷۷ǳйУҲ÷۲÷۵ЩͬţҲĵͬġ
ҲԼһµˣõɣͬʱҲӸλ÷֮УܶԼĳκβΪԣֻѡ¯ˡ
£ڵ˵ЩѣӵĵǣҪ飬ò÷۵ĳͬЩ飬ɾͲܽ÷˵ֻԼ취ֳɵ޸֣һǰĴɱ
˵ĻЦ֮УеͷԽᶨڽжѾٵһЩ취
͵ˣ
УԼڼŷĪӣڸӦԼڴϵĽ⿪ʱ򣬾֪ӢˣӦѾ÷ۣԼĶ͵ˡ
Ȼ֪÷۵ڹôȻɹ͵شҲһƽ
ԼȥĶʱڣ÷۵ӵʵǲ٣ڴӦûʲôΣա
ǵʣҪ̫ãΪҲﵽֵĳ̶ȣڹƻһЩãǶܹ֮÷۵Ĵɣ˵ʶǳĲڳɾԪɵʱҲѾɳˣ˵ʱ˵ΪҪڡ
ǸʱһоͱȽϺˣʵȽעˣ¶ٻһ̼Ѹ˼õϡ
Ī˼ٵתһ£ֱܿջˣЩ˼ʱѹ£רĿǰīȣһͬʱǿķԴԴϵעī֮ڡ
Ҳ֪˶ãĪӵ֮УһɫĹâյ춼ˣ˳ŵΧҲƬâˡ
ͬʱһǿѹյ·ƲѹðȥƲ֮صĶҲѹɢ顣
ȵâɢ֮Īīȣ߳˷ݣϴϲõЦݡ
īȣĵɽˣ


ٶʮ ڵ
īɱվǳĪӼĵһƷɱͬǳĪ⣬ûĶԵй
īȼƷɱĲΣĪ̵ĸоľڷǿĳ̶ȵж
Īһ˼ȥ֮ͥнһЩľϧ֪ԼٴȥóһͬȵĶһܹĵˡ
һɲĲʱʱеģֻܹôһֲԼһҪȻ˻ȡ
һ棬ȡɲģȻҲҪĪóֵƷֵƷڶȥȡʱ򣬾ͲóһѵɲˣǺľͬȼɲģĪлûС
еīĪԼīķѵʱ䣬ѾҪһʱˡ
·ԽߣķѵʱԽΪʱ䣬мȵȣѵʱ䶼ܳ
һʱ䣬ĪҲֻԼīȣûüľԪ飬ĪʱϲǷǳżԸĻͿԼľԪ顣
ոһĪӣֱӿʼһȼԼɱĪӸԸʵһԼľ֮򵽵ϵպߵĵ·ܷͨٷƫ롣
һͨܶ㿴ƷǳӵĶûеĹϵ£죬һеǾͻᷢʵˡ
޵뵽Լ޵ĵ֮УһĪ֮ǰڽɾǿߣһЩǿϿֶΣĪӸտʼʱȻǲ׵ģѾ֪ԼӦôˡ
Լĵ֮УĪλƯ뿪Լյ죬ΧԼյΧһСĸյϡ
յϣһǳƽĹ㳡ҲǼ̵ʯ壬ҿʯڵʵأҲͨʯͷ
Сĸյ죬Īӵﰲõʱ򣬴Χļյ֮УһԼڵͲĸյֶɵġ
һʼΧԼ⼸յ죬ĪӾ͸ǲͬĹܣԼµһ䳡һ㣬ܹԼ΢ſֽŻһµĵط
̵ʯ壬һΪڼʯģòҪʵؼӲĪõĽС͵ĸյ죬üΪˡ
վС͵ĸյ룬Īһǰ̾ͳһֱԼһ׵ˮˮ峺ɾ
£һˮ򣬲ҪĪӺͶκεֻҪ룬ˮͻ֡
ĪӴ㳢ŽԼ֮Լ֮УȻѾ֪оϣ׼ӱȽϻĿʼԣһЩ
ƯǰˮĪƣǰˮϣͬʱϣ˷֮ĵϡ
֮ϵ֮УĪȻվǸ˵ĸоһ̾ҪԶƮһ㣬˼ĥʡ
Īϵĵϣܿ쵽ǰˮϣԭƯŵˮڲһССУڷǳɾˮ֮Եر
ССг֮󣬿ʼϵˮɢԵԽԽ񱩣ǣˮΧƯˮɿƽоͺΧĲˮһ㾧Ө͸תȫֲʡ
һĻĪȴû˿ϲ֮ɫΪˮֳӣɹĽԼյķ֮뵽ˮ֮УȻҲʧܣֻ˵ںϵĲ
ˮĪ΢΢һѹԭƯˮֱ䵽˵ϣһǳ̶켫󣬻һɿΧɢĪڶķȶЩ
СĪӵͷŵϣղǸˮҳһǳһ׵Сӣһ䡣
ڼʯֱȽϼӲģԼֲµĽܹҳôһСӣѾЩԼԤˣϾˮУûע
һĪǰٴƯһöˮ򣬴С֮ǰǸͬȻظԼղŵĶˮ֮УעԼķ֮ĵϡ
һΣƯǰˮͬһУǺܿ죬оʧˣǰˮɫ΢΢һЩ仯ƺø͸ˣ˼֮С
ĪջƣܹԵĸоǰˮ֮Уɢһɵķ֮ĵϡ
Ī˵Ǩʹ׷ʱʮָ֮ϣÿһָָ׵У̺һϣֶΣͺǰˮûĪһεĳѾɹˡ
͸ղһĪֽǰˮ䵽ϣˮ֮ûз֮ǰ޴ԵϢģˮ֮ȴһ֮ǰСӡ
³ֵСӣȸղŵǸԵøҳӵĵطҲȽƽ
СӣĪܹϣӦһˮ֮ͷ֮߻һĲϡ
ɹˣӦֻһĵϣĪ֪Լĳǳɹˡ
һγԵĳɹĪӽû֣ͣǲϵļţԼ޵ĵһһ뵽ˮ֮Уϸ۲ű仯
һһ۲б仯֮ĪӿʼʩչһЩ򵥵ȻԼĵϡ
޵ĵ뵽Լ޵ĵ֮Уֶζδ棬ҲͬҪӦõʵս֮С
Ǩܹͬʱʩչʮֲͬϵ׷ͱͨ׷ҪǿҲһЩ׷ıҪ
һδεĲϳ֮УĪӸоԼڵһοʼԼ޵ˮľ֮ٵĴ޵ǳ֮֮Լռ֮ĪӶ˸ĸ
ɾĵ·ĪҲһ˿
Զûб߾ߴ翪ʼѾ̤֮·ÿһξͬŶԵ
ΪĲһӽŴɾ磬Լ֮ѾǼΪˡ
ĪڸոͻɾʱѾܹز֮ˮľ֮ٴع֮еתɣȻЩʣѾܹһˡ
ɵĲܹ࣬ʱ䳤ӳˢµĥģع飬Ψ㣬ʱ֮£Ψеܾĥܹ㲻
Ҫɾͽɾ磬Ҫܹʱĥ㲻ĵֵĵ֮
ʦأҲһҪԼĶɣûƣǿĳ̶ֳѾǳˣܳƣڴ֮;̤ȫµһܹɾͽɡ


ٶʮ 
ĪӶڽɾһ˿򣬼Լ֮һĸΪմﵽɾ粻õĪӣָܵ˾ΥĿٽΪһЩ
ԵɾڻңңڣҲ־Īɾʼǰ
ԼĽĪȻϲϲ֮࣬ĪҲܵѹλʱ֮ԼĪӻôöԷԼ֣ڲΪԼֶҲҪϣҪǣҪ취Ӧλʱ֮
ʵ˵ƾĪڵܹ뵽סԼİ취Ĳ࣬׵һǶ㵽֮ͥڡ
֮ͥڣֻҪû뿪ͥĪӾǰȫġ
ߣĪӿһλĴĻҲӭж⡣
ϧǣĴ߾ôЩĪһҲʹ
ˣվֻȨ֮ƣĪİ취ܹԼȡһЩɳʱ䣬˱˱ӻ֮⣬Ī벻ĺð취ˡ
ȻֺҵĻ룬ܳǰ취˵λʱ֮ͻȻ֮ǵ컯棬Էնɱ֮ġ
ȻѰӻ֮⣬Ī벻̫õİ취ֶεһܹµġ
ڶԵһ֮ĪǹˮͨҲ˳µظһ
֮ǰǿеʱĪӶǹˮѾüĿо˴ǵǳ֮
ҲΪһ㣬ĪӲŻڹ۲ľô׵ľں֮
ǵǳֵ֮ںϵķͬһ⾳ںϣֳɱ¾ѹȵ⾳һַĵЧ͵ƣȴЩͬ
Īǹˮ֮ģһϢ⾳ǹˮȷһЩ仯
ǹϢ⾳֮ǹˮɱԣΣȴ˲٣һմȾϣǾ總֮ңǳ԰ѣʹǽɾǿߣ֮ҲҪԴġ
⻹ֻĪӶǹˮͨĳͨо޴ռ䣬ĪӻҪͬʱĳԡ
ĪӴԼĵ֮Уֶεʱһգĵ֮Уȴӭڴµ֮󣬵һϤİݷߡ
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ˣһĪ΢ЩˣǱǸԪ顷
ĵĪӵ֮⣬ͬʱĵĪҲôһ˿׼
ϴǰͥʱ򣬶ԷȻûиԼܻԼĵ˽֮ǰȴ꣬ô
ĪӵʱֻΪڱʾԼܾźȻӻԼһ㣬쿴ţĪӾ;ãûôˡ
ϵĲ豭ڴһڣȻ󽫲豭ķ£̧ͷĪӣֱӿżɽ˵
һ£ҪĪæ
뽲ֱӿżɽ˵ˣĪҲΣ׼Ŀġ
ĿģĪﻹͦģλʳĿ֮൱ڽɾĶƷ飬ʲô飬רԼͷ
ĪλﵽһƷľ磡ǰĪӣǳƽ˵
ƽĻ䵽ĪӵĶУȴĪӺͻɣԼǲˣ
΢˼ʱ䣬ĪһȻòȷĿ˵ղ˵λ
ƺЩŵĪӣٴζϵĲ豭΢΢ĵ˵ͷһڱеĲ衣
ĪȫȷԼղŲûˣֻԼû˼ˡ
ĪӲԷƱڵΪѾɾˣ֮䣬ɾȷƲϸ֣Ѿǽ֮ǰһˣǰһǾǽǿߣĿ֮
ȻһɾʿЩ⣬ôЩܣֺεºܣܰһλƷ飬λһ֪Ʒ֮ϣǾһƷ飬൱ڴߵľ硣
΢˻ĪӻĿڵʵкο԰㣿
ȻһɣһƷλЩ̫ףȻܹǾ˵ԷһЩյģа취ģҲ취֮УֻĳһҪõԼҲпܵģĪ
Ӧ£ֻ谴ձİУ³֮ٲĺô鷳Ҳ԰£еĲ豭ĿֱĪӵ˫ۣȻûʲô飬ȴһֲŭʡ
ĻĪӳԼôһ˿Ķû뵽취λʱ֮ԼʱĿǰջ
ƷһƷǾ൱ڴߵһƷ飬ȻոսõһƷ飬ܻλʱ֮Ķ֣ͬһǿߣ˵бסԼĿԡ
ܿ죬ĪӾ侲ղŵʻʵȫûлشֻ˦һĶû˵ʲôҲԱ飬Բô׵ġ
׵ĴӦ˵Ҫ󣬰ձ˵Ҫȥ飬ĪлЩܵģΪ׾ͱ˿ˡ
ĪһΣԼһЩƵ£㱻һĵĿˣԼĵģĪ֪ԼðȻӦ
ҶԵȷԾܾҪʲôʾĪ΢΢ҡҡͷߺӣֵĺá
ջԼҪ飬ҲԷǳļѣĪӱҪ֪ԼҪʲôֻǰնԷķԸȥ
Ī˱֣ɫ΢΢һԭֲŭƣȻ֮ͱøΧĿҲ·һӱñˣұðˡ
ı仯ĪǺõ֮ӣѾɾʵԶԶ磬ѾܹϢѹˡ
Ƭ֮ĿڵԸŵ³ɹʦ֮ڣλƷǧ֮ڣһɾƷĻᣬ㸸ĸˣ֮ڣ
Īӵļ֣ʱѡ񣬾ټһЩ룬ҪĪ飬ûиĪӡ
ٴĪĶӦԼʦкôԼĸĸԺҲܹ뷷⣬Ϊ飡
Ѿ㹻źˣԽˣǾ˵ҪԽ鷳ΣգôҾԽ׵ĴӦ𡣡
ֻһССɣΪ˵ǳҲѿãϸϸ˵һ°ɣܹ쵽ҾԾ޷쵽ҲͲˣģղܴӦ񣬶ڵ˵֮£ҶؿƿĪ˵֮ŻһЩ˵


ٶʮ Ҫ
Īӵı֤в֪Ƿţٴ˳ĬͬʱĿҲĪӵƿˣ֮ٴ˰
Īûмڣѡ˵ͬʱҲϸţԼпܹﵽĵط
ԼΪһɣʵȻ϶ûа취ͽɾǿᲢۣԼԲΪԼʵʵռıӦò
֮Լ˽⣬±һ˶һЩ˽ҲЩ޷ó󷨣һһЩõóֵսѣԷҲԪ«Ĳ
ҪλһĪһʱ벻ףԼеЩôܹһλƷ飬һƷĳ̶ȡ
ԷȻԼˣǾ˵һյģôĪķǳĺ档
֮ĳĬ˺һӣ˴ҲǳģڣĪҲȫſڣһ΢΢ͷϲ豭Ķͺһ㣬һҲġ
֪˶֮ƺĳĬûʲô壬˶
֣סϵĲ豭ԭ豭֮мѾҪȸɵĲˮסһ˲䣬͵˾뱭߷ҵĸ߶ȣһð˿˿Ƶ
еĲ豭һβûкȣֻǽУĪ˵ҪλһҪȻ䲻ȡҪĪæ
˵仰ʱõǴķʽĪӵĵ֮УԼ˵ҲǳСģ˵ݣҲûȫĿϲҪĶûиĪӡ
˵ЩʵѾòˣĪҲûа취࣬Ѿ֪ˣҪԼʲôھϸڣԷǾԲܺ޷ظԼġ
Ȼ֪ЩеһЩʣĪȻҪⲻ̸̸УΪԷһͺЩ⡣
ҪȡҲɣĪͬԴķʽʵ
ҪֻǼ򵥵ȥȡһⲢʲôѵ飬ΪƷǾԼȥЩ̫ۣҲİ취ܹʵԼǿȥȡһҪԼ
ҶԷԵŰݷãִӸղ˻ĬôҪȡпıҪĪӺһˡ
ӦȻȫ̸֪һ㲻ɣվǣСԽһأٴδ˵
һĻƽûκεĲĪѾܹиһЩϡ
ĪҲˣԼûг״Ӧ֮ǰԼģЩˣʣµЩ⣬ԼѯʣԷҲٸԼ
ΪһλҸĳͬʱڤ֮мǰڤͥԿһһλƷ飬ԲһƢܺõˣһϲƿһеˣϲ̫Լƿص飬һչӦҲǳϵһЩʩ
Ī²ԸԷҲԲԸԷ񣬿˽ȥ֪ϸϸڣĪʵͺʹӦûʲô
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ãɣ֮ǰŵĪģԲʳԣ͵һվĪ˵
ĪȻӦˣھˣҪ飬һҪĪ
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ҵĶΪ΢ҲûʲôҪ飬һûгɵСʿԭкΣգ˵

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ȻڵİΣرģ˿̵ǺˣǷǳгɹ֮ƵıһĶ
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ʱһĹȥɽľ֮УϵϢɺܴ󣬲ԣϢʼŵġ
ϢһٽʱͻȻ֮䣬ڵϢʼתֱ£Ȼ΢
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Ƭ̵ĹϵϢƺԽԽ΢ˣȥЩģڻ᲻ĳʲô顣
񾳽ߣͻƵʱ򣬲ȱǿͻƵʧܵˣ³Ƚҡ
һЩˣΪ󽵣һģǾ飬ɢ³
ȻϢԽԽϢȴʼûг׵ʧȥӦǵķӦЩģ̬ܹȵס
ǵڵϢںǱ紵һ㣬ĸ֪֮ʧʱЩ̲סˡ
ʦ֣ؿһԵǣȻǳ侲ûлӦ
һ̣÷ۺɽķԭϢѾʧڣϢµĳĸ֪֮Уҷٵ׳ţ¶ͷĳ֮Ĺ򣬾ʹһ΢⣬ҫ
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֮УڵϢͻ񾳽Ľޣﵽ˴磬ǿϢ˲串ɽɽϵ˶֪̤뵽˴硣
ԭЩ˿ǻĵģһϲãΪͻƵеϲ
عͷҪߵǷ˿̵ϲõʱȴǵϣųһɾʵЦݡ


ʮ ػش
ĪԼĵ֮Уڸղź̸λãֻǴ˿̣ʱĪӵߣģֻĪԼһˡ
ͷĪڿܰУ˿̾Ǿκˣͬʱ˼׷ɡ
Īӵ֪ҪԼλİ취ͬʱҲ֪˶ԷһΪʲôᵽڵԭ
ӣĪӵʼʱʵ΢ЩԸģΪڵһ㣬ԸѣôĪж÷δͽ׼Ĺ滮ġ
ǧܵӰҪĪΪʦȻδʲô̫Ŀ飬ҲǾһЩۣͬʱ¶ԼԣĪͽġ
м䣬ʵһǾǵǰ콭ˮͻȻ֣֮Ī˶ݵĽڶԷʶɢ֮ʱָĪӡ
ºĪҲɹǲʲôܹ֮ԷУںദ֮Уûз̫⣬ֻڵʵЩ졣
һÿǷǳĺãܹջһѵĶ΢һЩŬĪӵĵ£ԽԽɲţĪҲ̽ϵʲôˡ
ղŴĿУĪ֪ڵʲôطֹڵõһ𰸡
һ˻ʣлת֮콭ˮʱûֱӶ˵ԭ򣬿ΪԼҲȷɣĪ̾Ϣһ
ĵһλ˻ʣʷŨīزʵһʣǹļأϸȴ࣬вٵ¼ʷ֮Ҳûмء
ĪӻԼпݣһλ˻ʵļأֻԷķṦΰԼ࿪Ⱥӵ¼
ĵһλ˻ʣͬҲλʱһλ˻ʣĿǰ˻֮УλʱΪߵһλ
ĵһʳȴһ󣬵һʳˣȻмλһʳдȴû˸λĵһλ˻ʷ
ʱһʳ֮ҲԹ˲Ͼ֮£ƺҲûע⣬λڤ֮ˡ
ĵһλ˻ʣԣ޿ĥĹ޷ȡĵλ޿Ĺ͡
һַǳҲһȽϺĽˡ
Լ¼һӣԭĪΪҲݱȽһЩڻһڣȻһ˻ʲлת
һͨˣͷֻһɢ޳һ㣬һĻԵܾǰ÷ۣΪĪµĵӡ
ĪɰͻȻĿԱһֻۣӰѾϢĳԡ
߰ɣøģѾˣҪȡĶ˵ûˣǼҲһݺã˳ŵĶ֮⣬պҲŰĪӣĪӵĶС
ĪԣʰԼ˼Ȼվ΢΢˵ͷ
ܹЩȻѾԼĳ⣬ˣҽͻһ÷ۣҵĵ֪
Īӵ仰üͷ΢΢һ£ȻڵҪ룬Ҳ޷ɱϣģһ׼ȷĴ𰸣Ī⺬˵ǣ
˵仰ͻȻһռŻȻ˿ˮľ߽ռŻ֮У߽ȥ֮ռŻȴûʧȻͣ
ûɢĿռŻĪĺһȻ̧˽ȥڸоһϤĿռ֮кĪǰһڣڤ֮С
޴ڵڤڤֿ֮ΧһƬҺ֮ɫԼһʱȣڤеĻûз˿ı仯һƬŵĸо
ֻĪӵȻϲڤ֮ȴһôǾܹԼʦ÷
ԴĪȥ֮Ϻ󣬾Ҳûʦ÷ϢĪ֪÷һǰȫģЩڤ֮Ƶս¶÷˵ҲΣա
Īȥ÷ȴûиᣬĪӻڹ۲ΧʱѾٴδһռŻֱӴĪһ˴ϣҳֵλãոպþݡ
ЩżˣҺʦкɣĪӿԵ˵
֮ɲ£еʱкûпĪӣһ˵ͬʱߵľٴα任Ѿɽǰ
ϤľǰϤɽĪʱҲ˲ˣѾ˱ڵɽϡ
ϣССӰأԼĹ磬ǰߵɽԼϣйеĵط
ȥ֮ϣ˾֮ڣҲûбǰɽĪӸе̤ʵ
ؼˣĪ¶һĨЦݣŲǰһɽȥ
õĻɽ󷨣Լ뿪֮ǰо΢Դպϣڿ©Ǻܶࡣ
ɽµһƬ֣Լ뿪Щ꣬ĸïʢǵķΧˣ
󷨣ɽڣɽ£ͷͬܺõһƬľ
ĪӵڻòľԱĵ֮뵽ĸ÷һ׼ģֱɣȴʼնûϣƬľï˲٣ȻԼ뿪Щ꣬÷۵ͬĴƬľ
ߵʱĪӽŲ΢΢ͣһ£ΪоɽϲһֵϣһЩϸ΢ĲڿٵƽϢ
ֲĲɾµˣʱѾѲˣǻĪӺ˶ܹز׷ݵԴ
ΪͻƴˣڣĪ˫΢΢һͬʱѾӦɽĺɽһոͻƣ̫ȶϢǴڵɢġ
һԵȻҲӦˣԵĪ΢һϲһλʿһС˵ʵһִοͻƵˣĿ꣬ҪõԷ
˼ߣɽڵϢҲ÷ۿ£ĪӺ˶ż˳̨š
Ī˵Լǻؼˣ뿪һΣɽ϶һЩ仯Щ仯˶еİΪЩ仯ͺҿЩ仯ĪӿźΪб仯л
ΨһЩӰģԼλĿĲǵĻؼңҲ޷ͣԲ÷۵ı仯
ܿ죬˾÷ǰûߵĪӾѾ˷ܵ
ԹԵģôˣڰˣڲʹˣҲڲʲô飬оȤһˣʵ̫ˣ
˷ܵУĪӺϢ÷ۣòӣĪһʱ䲢û̿ڣôЦˡ


ʮһ 
ôõʹ࣬޳ɣһǱıΪﵽ˴磬ˣʦܣֵݿˣϢûȫƽڣΪͻ֮ǳ飬һĴļһߴЦ˵
δ÷֮ǰ˾Ǻѣ÷֮˳ʦֵܣȻһ
Щ÷Ĺͣ˶Ŀõģ޳Ϊͻ磬ҲʱһʵͬʱҲΪͻƴһ޴
ĪӺһĬĬĿţ±ȽϼеûʱӰĪӡ
Ԫɾϵʿ²ʹκεֶΣڲ뱻ͨ˷ֵ£Ⱥ֮УһҲĽԣһĪڸոճɾԪʱѾʵˡ
ͺñվͬҲûʹʲôֶΣڵˣȴȫûע⵽ˣϾ˴֮ʵĲʵ̫ˡ
ǵΪѾ˴ڣԿʼ׼ɴˣͻ˴磬ƾĽٶȣҪɴֵʱҲǼʮ֮ˣǸʱ÷۵Ĵദ÷ǳǢӣĪҲע⵽˴ҵĽ
ǽٶȷǳ죬Ҳ֮УϾǵʰҲϼѡ
ȻҪһЩʤ̤ʵɢ޵֪ΪǰһЩһôѵ飬ԶԼÿһֽǳ㣬ʼղ̬ΪƽȵĽ
Ҳһ죬ΪᱻЩ׿ĺ󱲳ԽֻҪԼĽ࣬һɾ͡
ڣĪھЩ֪ôˡ
һλ˻ʵĲлתȻѾֻ˲֪ٴΣһͷʵĪû뵽
û֪֮ǰʣٶȣĪӶģڣȻڣҲΪ֪һλ˻ʲлתݣԱ嵭һЩ
ŻϲڣĪûټԼûеĴڸУټȥҲûʲô˼
ĪӷųԼһϢʱվǣĪӵϢٵŤͷĪӡ
ʦܣİʦֵĻвܹʹƣʱȫȸ㣬༸ʮʱ䣬ҧһҧܿͣšڵɪڣ˵һ룬ҲĪӵϢȻȻתͷҲĪӡ
ͻȻ˵ˣ͵ؽͷתһߣҲͬʱתԴվĪӡ
˵ĿⶼĪӵʱ򣬱鶼΢ЩͣȷӦǡ
ȷվĪӣǵϣ¶һɾʵЦݣǰһ
ǣӭʦ
ǵôһ˿΢ʾ˿ļ
ڣӭʦںҲٵķӦ˴˶һۣ϶¶ЦݣĪӹһ
ĪӵͻȻ˵ȷһľϲԭǾãԴĪ뿪֮ʦͽ֮ٴμ棬ܾҪܾˣҪǴﵽԪɣ֮ϣܹĪӡ
ضΪʦЩͻȻģ޷ͣʱҪˣڣȸǰӣĪȻӺúõĽһ£˽һԴԼ뿪֮÷۵һЩ仯ʵЩ㡣
Īֱӽڵ˵ǺףĪһͻȻȷ飬黹йء
ͬҲʱ˲ע⵽Īߵ
ĪӲûаݽܸǺӣڣĪӾͺ߽ǰķ䡣
һţĪӾͿһУԼ֮ǰһģһû˿ı䶯֮һָоͷ·Լû뿪һ
˽뷿֮Уһ֣ڵķ֮У̾ͱһȻĪк˶˵
ȣΪʦȹϲͻƴ磬û뵽λͻƣϧΪʦλȴΪ飬йأҷǳҪ
ʦ뽲ڵĪӵĻĿ⿴һһԵŶĪӹ˵
ע⵽ڵڵ飬ɱ˵ɣȽһ±ݣʳĿ֮ҵʦһǰæ
˵Լ֣һһʱ뵽ɣڶԷ˵ԼæʱڸоԼЩ¡
ǰλǶƷ飬ʳĿ֮ĴʲôҪԼոͻƴʿæ
ڵȴûжٵģΪʦԱߣȻԼʦĪӵΪӦûа취λƷӣĪӴıӻȻһС
ڵĿĪӣ˵ҪȡһҪȡֲܸ˾֪ԱҪ
Ļе˾޴ѹ˼һλƷһ𣬱˵һѹ
һλƷæھ͸˵ʲôܾĻˣĿֻܲϵĪӿԼʦĪǶ΢΢ͷһĵȻתͷ˵
ӵСǰ˵ɣѾˣҲõй¶ʲôϢ
Īô˵Ҳ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵æҪȡĶ㲻صģΪǰµģֻʱûõҲûʲôˣĲò٣ֻڲֳ󶯾ȡ
ֻҪȡպ󱾾һ᳥Ե
ѾɻһЩԼʦţӦòԼȥΣյ顣
ԼǰµĶʱ˼άȴ΢Щƫˣһ㣬ҲûԼǰпʲô֡
ֵָĻӦܹЯһЩ䣬ǴһЩ޻ۣҲӦһЩرĵطɣԼʲôûС
ͻȻһλƷԼҪȥȡԼǰµĶǲʹţԼ֪֮ǰǰȷһλ֡
˼άƫڷûʲôηˣĿתĪӵϣȻԼʦЩֺõʵ
ʦ˼Ҹ˵˵ӵǰλĸ֣Ӧúɣ
ƤЦڣĪüͷ΢΢Ȼͷ˵ȷ
ûʲôңڻŵģ
֮ڵӦû٣֮Ӧúܶ࣡
ǾЩ鷳ˣֻܸʦǴһ£ܵ˵ˣʦңǰλ֣ԣϵЦݱˡ
ĪӼ״ЦҲúܲãȻĸ
һλ˻ʣ
⼸֣ϵЦϣվԭغüû˵һԵ΢΢ЩüͷĪ΢ЦӣҲûж˵ʲô
˺һ֮վڣͻȻ¶һЩɵɵЦݣ
ԹԵģ˰


ʮ ȡĿ
ɵЦڣĪӺһɣһǶƷ飬ĻȻ
һֱܳסʱȻܳסĿȴɨһĪӣȻû˵Ǹ˼ĪȴܹĶ
Ǹ񣬾ͺĪӣһ˻ʲлת¾ͱ̳⸱ģ
ĪӺⷽԼûн̹ڣȫѧɲš
ֹ˼ʱ䣬ɴɵЦǻѾ侲ˡ
һԻ·棬Ȼ֪Լǵһ˻תһ㣬˵δȫǺôй¶ȥĻпܻһЩӰ죬עص㣬ȴͷ㹻
ô֮Ĳ룬ƾھ͸оԼȻڲͬӣȺ֮׿Ĵڡ
˵ĻȻܹýȥЩĶУͱԶĸĻһЩݴʣ÷ǳģΪغҪȡж
ˬò˵ڣĪӵ÷ǳ棬ȻЩ֮ǰѾһˣΪڵʦҪģ¶ûȡҲһԼĵӳ¡
ĵһλ˻ʣʷϣλǷǳģĵһʳͬʱΪҲܸߡ
Ϊʷϣλʱһλ˻ʣҫڵʱոʱ򣬵˻ʵĴڣһʻʵ˼ֶΣرڵġ
˵ʵĵһ˻ʣΪ˻֮忪ʼ˥ϣһĲȥʱѾˣ˻ʵλòôġ
֮˺ֶܶΣ˲ٵİ취ʼ޷ֹԼø˥ϣǸʱ˻ʾѾףԼΪ˻ʵʱԼѾơ
ڳֶ֮󣬵һ˻ոԼ׼һ·ǾǺ˻һ
ʱ壬ûڼ컯ܣѾ𣬵Ծʵϣž޴ĺ蹵һ˻ʸ޷֤Լ󣬻ʳܹȶкʵļߣܹԼ
Ҳһ㱣գֻǵһ˻ѾԤԼ֮ĵһʳͻֱԣԼԼ׼һ֣ǶһرգܹԼɹĲ
һڵһ˻֮̾뵽˻֮С
⻼ͬʱ£ĸȫǣסֽţڲҲһЩ˵£뵽һƬ֮С
ڵʱ£ĴˣǰĻ˾ûʱȥ˻Ρ
һЩ뵽˻ʣ֮ȥܵģǣסֽţûģҲֻܸżѣ˻ʸԼǰ׼˺֡
ϧǣûܣ˻ȴǷǳģ˳ص壬Ƕĵһ˻ʸǺ֮ǡ
Ǻһ˻ΪԼ׼ĺ֣վûϣֻʣһƲлֻ֮С
Ļ΢ƽϢһЩҰעŵһ˻ʵϣŷ֣ԭĵһ˻Ѿֻˣĵһʳ˳սᣬһա
֮һʱķѣڵһλ˻ʵ飬͸׷ˣֻеʱһЩˣ¼һʷ
ԭ򣬶һλ˻ʵļ¼Բȫ棬Ϊλ˻ʵƽ̫鲻ǫ̃˵ˡ
ܹҴ壬ϳ˴أյʱܹЩĵȻǹֶΣﰵĸǷŵʱգʱҲϲЩ
ҪõĶ嵱ʱһλ˻ΪԼ׼ȴûõϵĺ֡
صƿȻǵʳʱѾĽ뷷ΪƷ飬ҪʱλʳѾ޷ΪˣϾ¿һɶ
һη£ԭ֮£΢ܹһĻʳٷ飬пܶҡʳͳˡ
޷ʳҪʱڳΪһƷ飬ΪԼҵΪһƷİ취һ˻ʵԼ׼ĺ֡
ȥɵЦڣҲѾЦݣĽꡣ
һλ˻µĺַǳأ֪˶࣬뾪̫ˣҪϢİѶõ֡
ѾֻתΣıûиı䣬һλ˻ʵµһЩֶΣ󲿷ֲϴʣµһ֣ҪʦҲ鷳
ֻҪõպҪʲôɱɲģǸĵ伮ֻҪܰ쵽ģ쵽ԲԿ
ڣмϵ˵
ʱתͷĪӣϴ޺Ц˵ԣҶѾˣֻǸһжҪʦģʦͿˣ
һ˵꣬ڻĪӵ߿˿һΨĪհģ˿һǰĵһ˻ʵķɡ
ĿҲܿŲĪӵϣĪ˵ȻˣǾͳɣ
ԣĪĵ˵ͷȻվڵļС˵һ䣬ģΪʦڣµģ
صĵ˵ͷȻԼʦܹùɾǿߣĪӵ仰ȴ̤ʵһЩ
˵ĻѾ˵꣬ӦöˣҪȥĪӺڻ֪ǻҪһĴ£ҵһλ˻ΪԼŵĺ֡
ڿ߳ŵʱĪӿǰѾ¶˾ġ
飬˵ûжӰ죬Ī²ϧۣҲù
߳䣬ǺûΧſڣʶȤ뿪÷ۣܿ˵̸
Ī߳Ŀ䵽÷ϣԼѾһʱûп÷ˣ÷ǱøˣȻԼ뿪֮÷۵ˣÿ컹÷
ڣ÷ϵĹʵѾժȡˣϵҶȻïʢ˿庮
ĪһӣһˮɫĹâ÷ϣ͵Ĺâ÷͸ԭԵ÷ǳ÷ٴεõˮϽӲӵҶͻȻһƬƬ䣬գ֮䣬ͱùͺͺģҪɿȥһ㡣
߰ɣĪӿҶ÷תɽȥҲûкǴк
Ī뿪֮ٴγ÷ۣʱÿŹͺͺ÷ϵˮɫâͬʱԭͺͺɣҲٳҶ


ʮ ȡϣ
ɾǿߣƺȥﶼǳ㣬һȿռŻĴ󣬲˼أڤ֮Уֻ֮ϣǶȥ硣
ĪӷǳĽǿߵֶΣͬҲ֪򿪿ռŻֶΣʩչԼôɡ
ͱ˵ڣڴ˵£ĪûбţֱǴеĿĵأ;ͣһΣǴҪĵط
ΧĻĪӷſԼʶӦ֪ܿԼʲôطˣԼԼ֮⣬ǿĻʳ֮һǳԵı־
ʳݣ
Īӵһʱ֪ԼεأطҲû̫ĪӵԤϡ
ݣأʼĵطһʳǣͬڴˡ
Ī֮ǰѾ²⣬һλ˻ΪԼ׼ĺ־ʲôطĪʶ뵽ĵһطݾڡ
һλ˻ΪԼ׼ĺ֣λÿ϶ܾ̫ԶҪõֶεʱмͺп֦ܽȻҲܲص̫Ļ类˷ˡ
һֱǰŵģ͹ֵ𾴣Ϊһһ춨ǰݣǿʢ
һλ˻ʣҲûа취֤ĺֳʱķڱƤ£ᱻ˷֡
ǣݵΧĪӷԼλõʱҲϳΧʲôط
ڰ֮ǰһ絽Ҵܵˣ徳ڣȥĵطҪ÷۵˶࣬ԼʶҲ
ûڣĪӿԵҲûпڷʣ֪Īӵ˼
£̧žǰһͰСɽȥĪӺҲ첽ϡ
ûߵСɽ֮ǰĪӾѾСɽ˸ͨ͸
ǰĽСɽ𣬵ȷЩ򵥣ɽڣһң֪Ƕ֮ǰλǰµģңƺѾ˷ˣмֵƷҲˣ밵ҵڣҲûκεڡ
ߵǰԥľ˽ȥֱһ·߽˰֮С
ұֵӦѾˣȻұʵҲҪˣϷѾһЩԵƣǽҲѿӣǼֻʣ˻ҳ
еһ䣬ϻһЩĺۼڲ֮ǰ·˴ͣ
ĪĿɫĹâ֮ϸĴţûзκмֵĶҲûиоʲôŹ֡
Եڣ˫֮Ҳ˸ŹâҲ̽䰵ңĪӶʲôĵطȻҲʲô⡣
ʱϽһâѸٵĴɢȥ䰵Ҳûзʲô仯
ʱվǸСɽǰͻͻȻ֣ԭǸСɽһ̺һ£֮һлԭֻʱߵСɽǰǿܻʶĺĴڡ
ĪӶڿռ֮Ҳ΢һЩԴ˿̣Ըо߿ռı仯Ͻһ˲䣬ΧĿռͱ΢Щ֣·Ƕһһڴ˼䣬ֲڴ˼ĹŹָо
ϵϢ΢ſһЩͬʱ˵ϣҲһ⣬䰵Ҷյͨ͸
ĪվڵԣסϢѹͬʱϸĿʩΪ
ϵĽ֮ԭƽذңʱͻȻһֹŹֵĸо·𻷾һ˲ͷ˱仯
ΧЩѿǽУƺһЩҳڴʱһǽƤʼϵ䣬ǵ
ΧЩǽڵĵߵĻ׵ķ˱仯ԭİңһƬڣ޵ĻΧ֮⣬ҲûκεĶ
˼ֶΣһλ˻ʣĪӸԼΧĻвɵ̾뵽ĿֿһߵڣһĴΧɵ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ԼλӣȻһλ˻ʵת˲֪ٴֻأû˹ڵһ˻ʰļ䣬˵֮⣬Ҳûʲô̫ǣǲҪһȽˡ
ĪӲ֪һλ˻ʵΪжߣΧһƬڵĿռ䣬ڶԷ˼ֶΣǷǳġ
ǰƬռ䣬˵һƬĿռ䣬һƬڵĻ˸һ޺Ͳʵ֮УǡǡֳܹԷֶεĸ߳˼ɡ
ԷԼĺ֣һ䰵֮У䰵ңǰĵطİң˷ǳ飬˭ܹ뵽䰵֮ڣжԷµֶΡ
ֽʵ֮Сռ䣬꼻һ֣ڲֶμ֮ǰԼߣȫ޷֮󣬴ڵʱҲǳĶݡ
̾һλ˻ʵ˼ֶεͬʱĪҲٵĴƬõĿռ䣬ܿƬõĿռ֮Уһռ䲻̫ȶĵط
ʱĿ⿴ĪڣָƬռ䲻̫ȶĵط˵
ȥƿʶǲҪʹ
ԣڵһӦǿĪӣĪӶͷ֮ǰǴռ䲻̫ȶĵطȥ
ԭӦǿһƲʲôĵطʱȴʵĴУ·һȺϡ
ڷųʶȻҧһƣڰ֮Уһ׵Ĺ⣬ǰ˳
âһ֣ԭǰƵڣ̱âߣʧƬռ֮С
ʧͬʱĪ˵ĶҲǳ죬ûâʧѸٵĸȥ
ĪһֱעڵİΣʱ׼Σյʱ֣ڵһʱ䷴ӳ
Ī˳ǵ׹ʱĶȥץڣҪڻԼߣֹʲô⡣
дɫĹâĪƺ˿ռȵץڵļϣԼߡ
ĪĿ⿴ΧԼȻѾһƬСռ䣬վһǰ
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һοƽˮ֮УȻһŤ֮һ˲䣬бܹоǹŤҪԼеĳǿдԼгһ㡣
ȫסеĳȻܹоǹŤ˳ųԼֱ죬ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬹ųֱֻ۵䣬Ȼ䱻һεһĽ飬һֱ˼ϵʱεʧ
ЧԼһЧĪӻ⣬һˮ֮УԼյĶֵϣССһˮӳ˸ǿһ˵ΣѾǳˡ
ų΢΢ֱۣԼֱЩǳϸС˺ۣ֤һˡ
ȡͽ
ߵλƷ֮Уһϸֳһ˿ŭݣĪӴһȻֿ˼ӡ
һ̣ĪͷϷһɫһаĻͻ֮䡣
ĪӱǿŲһ̷·˹һ㣬֮ʱϵ֦ɣȫĪӵͷ·һƬɫĻǣεĵֵס֮
ܽɫеһЩ֦ɻΪ˻ҽվûƿЩ֦ɵķ
ȵɢ֮ûеȴڶ£Щԭ֦ɣѸٵֵĪӵͷ
ڶʱĪֻ̧ͷһۣȻͲȥˣɫ˵˲ֺ
ʩչɫ飬˿ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬׷Լˣһ׷֮ͬУһǿɱֶΣƾ׷սʤ֣Ҳܹס׷ģֵܹס
һλƷ״Ҳ׼ᣬĹĪӣǰѷǳµİСѸٷɻصУǰһûĶ
һεİСڿУǰֱӳĪӵǰľԪ鶼΢΢ζһ¡
һƷǳΣգĪϵıȴǳƽųԼǰĴͷѸٵĲԼСͨҪȥĴͷԭء
ţĪɫĹâͻȻʢµޱˮԼĲҲȾһɫĹâ޾ˮľ֮˷ĪӻۣڲĶˣ貵ǹΪõĵ׺ͬҲĪһĿʼ
ڲ˵ǹ⣬˿̺񻯳һſǳˣɢǳ֮Լ͸һ⾳ܺЩȣѾЩӽͬŴɱˡ
ҡҷţһſǳ˲·ʣ󲻶ϵ׹䣬Щ顣
ԭ׼ļλ飬ʱֻܸϿӦϿµǳһƷеĹʸƿգһɱ⣬µǳͬʱڿײ𣬿ɽµǳѾ˷䵽ͷ
ΣͷƷֻܻеĳͼѳסԼɨһǳʱȻǳ飬еһɫĹâȴ䵽ϣ˲仯˿ľֱһǳ顣
ڸԮͬ飬ΪӦµǳʱ򣬲֪䣬Ѿޱˮ֮ڣѾѹһɳصѹˮľ֮ĥһ㣬ڿٵĥǵλƷ飬ڶоǳĳѾ֪Щ¼ĪӵĶˡ
Щ飬˿ΪеʵǹС
ĪΪܹƵǳ˵ˣЩ飬Īӿ֣ܲĪӾԲ֣һ㹴езǳ
ڷЩǴ򲻹Ī֮󣬹ѾϿˣĪӦþҪʰˡ
ò˵жԼǳҪϿͬʱһϹ⣬һǳ֮УϢ䵽ͷеĳɨһǳ
ǳ飬ɫĹâޱɱ˲ͳ˹еǰҪܵʱɫĹȻ仯һɫֱӽ˶סˡ


ʮ 
űɫеĹУĪһĨâŹµһſǳøܼˡ
ٴμеʱĪʵͿʼܸܲɵһǿ֮УеһλֱĪܹɵʼȴûиɵĻᣬߵҲ⼸飬Ī˵ʧΪһûᡣ
ڹУĪһֱû̫СƣڵʵѾ˹УԷʵҲһֱš
ȻеĽٶȱȲԼǷɳ˵ͳһԼĪ飬лĻĪӻԸ⽫鷳
˵鷳֮󣬿ܻԵĸ鷳Īʱ̫ģ֮Ļ֮ǰڤͥӦҲûôྫɳɾϵĸֶԸԼ
ȵǶԸԼʱ򣬿ԼʵͲʱ򣬶ԸԼҲͱøˡ
ܷɵУĪлЩû׵ģ֮ǰ͹нֺüΣһɵУɶûгɹһξвУҪĽ
иͷĪӾͿɫĹУȻһ⣬ȻɫͱſһЩ
ȻˣűſɫĪЩʧ̾Ϣһ
йȻǳϧÿһοҪصʱ򣬶Էܻһ֮ﱻȻܻΣͷӵһǰ
ϵı֮ﱻᣬҲϿɫİɫǹˮĪӵֶΣѾǵһμʶˣȻ֪Ȼǰ㶼մȾ
һ˿ٺĽңɫ֮һɶݣȥǸλɾ齻ֵĵط
ڹǸӵͬʱҫ۵ɫâĪΪģͬ籩һ͵ΧɢʣµǼλһ̣͵رɳȥλƷҲ⡣
ǵαɳȥ֮󣬻ûеסΣͬ籩һɢɫâ̺֮ĵϹһɫĹâͺХһƷ飬顣
ţɢһâľԪһλƷϣҲҵķѡ
λ֮зɳһֱԶӶݣһ⣬ȴͼȥһǳµİСûС
λƺЩģŰСԸ뿪ʱĪӿŶԷ˵ⶫ͵ѵǲԸ뿪Ͳˣ
һ䣬ĪҪǵڲͣǰѾµİСԶĶˡ
λƷ鱻룬ʣµļƷ飬Ȼԭأ׷תǰΧӿ
ĪǰѰС֣յԼУͷ΢һ£Ȼͷ
Ʒɱɽ൱ʺʹõɱöԺԸʦã
еİСĪӿһ۹ķȻó˴ӹȡöᣬ֮Źķ׷ȥ
ԭΪ⼸齻һ֮˳ưύȥ⼸黹ͦģò֮һսȻûҵʵĻᣬܹȽϺǰѾԼߡ
ɽԼĪӻ취ͳȥԼ֪Ǽٵģɱȴ֪鷳ȻԼ
ĪλƷ齻ֵĵطȥոտûãĪӾѾоλ齻ֵơ
Χڤеڤ֮ΪλսѾһŻңҵڤ֮Ѿ߱һЩ΢ɱΪ̫͵ĻΧ»ᱻҵڤ֮ɱ
Īڿһ֮ͻȻЩķ֣еӰȻǰ
֮£Σ֮󣬾ӦõһʱΣԽԶԽãоȻûԶԶģоͺȴԼһ
Ī׷֮󣬹ҲûκεľţתͷĪӣ¶һЦı顣
˷ӦĪжʱһβˣֱȥ
ȻûиоʲôԾʱ򣬻СĽһΪ
Īκ˵ʱոƶңȻͻȻԭأţһǿϢѹĪӵϡ
ߣʣǿϢϵϢĪӵһʱܹ뵽ˣڤͥĹʣΨһһλһƷ顣
Ī֮ǰ֮ͥпϢӦڱչˣ޸챮Ŷԣû뵽Ȼڳ֣ϢԼ
˼תĪ˼ţԼҪôλһƷȫˡ
ɿٵ˼֮Īӷ֣˶ԷŹԼǾֻ˴һ취ˡ
ͥõϢҲȫô׼ȷĪпЦһ㰲վԭأĿȴ俴λƷ齻ֵķһۡ
˵˭ܴԼпܵľˣ˵ԷֻһƷ飬ܹڤͥѹ»Ծôãܹ׳˵пܹԸ˹ʣԱ֮ܡ
óһƽϵĪӵĶУĪӵǰ㻺سһӰ·Ǵ۶ġ
Īӿǰˣǰˣ˵ĵһоϣϵĸоһڶƣ·ǰˣӦλ˸߹
Էݷǳĳ죬һЩ룬͹ôһ˿ƣٴһ㲻̫Ӣ
ǰĹʣĪкѹһĳȣԼ֮侹Ȼһ˿ңΪܹоǰĹʣʵʵڵĶԼɱ⡣
ѹ֮µĪӣվоͶ˷֮ɫˡ
üĪۿֱԽԽǿԼѾԶԶԷ˦Լ֣ڿҪʰˣܲˣ
ˣԼãĿ´һĪӣĪӲûóᣬٴο˵
仰һ˵ֱ̯꣬ӾĪץ
̯֮Уɫһҫ۵Ĺ㣬֮УĪӸоһв
ҪþᣬֱɱңۿԼץĪһѾ˹ȵףҪĶȴú
ۿѾҪץˣʱ򣬹üͷȴһ£ȻԭץĪŵ֣ȻΪץĪӵĴ
ŹʵһץĪӵĴӲ˺еƷȫɢΧɢ䣬ֻǸᣬεץġ
ʱӰͻȻ֪Ӻδ֣ͬٵץ˹еǸᡣ
ֻͬʱǸ˺ĪͻȻһֲԤУȻһ̣Īһƥ˺ѵڱǸᣬͻȻ֮䱻˺롣
һĻĪжʱһһҪ⣡


ʮ Ҳ
Ҫ⣡
Ǹᱻ˺ʱĪӵͷǳˡ
ٵĶ治ˣı棬Ҳ¶ڶģǾȷǼٵĶģڱ˺룬Ųǹʣ˶ܹԡ
ʺͬʱͷб˺ľᣬٵĽ̯̯ĶѿУżһЩĶҲһЩ
˾֮󣬱˺ľϣдһЩ֣еһ·һӡ¡
һɻʳڴɢͽƾڿЩ˵ֱܷǼٵġ
ٵĶվǼٵģἴ㵽ʱȻģվһٵĶ
ܿ죬͹˾ͬʱ˲ԣΪɢȥĻʳˣ̶Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾ȻѾɢһɶ
ǵһʳ˻ΪԼµĺ֣ΪԼ׼λȻ̫ͣԾ̺֮ĻʳˣҲԲ̫٣ôľɢɾ
͹ͬʱע⵽һ㣬ҲͬʱĿ⿴Īӡ
ޱվĪӣ΢΢һ£Ȼʣµİؾ𣬺Ʋ
ȴǳע⵽Ķȴһץеһᣬֱӻҽɢ䡣
ĶĿעĪӣһ˫ͫױ˽ɫ
ڹʵͫױɽɫʱĪܹĸоԷĿԼ˫ɫͫףƺܹ͸ĪеܣĪӵԪҲеһĿӸС
ֱĿ⣬Ī˫΢΢̧һ£Ȼ°΢΢һеĶˣҲûвʲô˵õľ
Ī仰˵ķǳ̹ڳҲܹоĪӲ˵ѡ
˵仰֮Īһ䣬ΪĴ˺٣ɢĶȫ£˹ɫĹâƯĪӵΧɢ󱦹⣬ԵɷǺÿ
ΪһλɾˣĪӾ㲻Ǽҵ׷ˣϵĺöҲһЩģɲȻ࣬϶㲻˵ͱȽ϶ˣЩѷһҲһʲСĲƸ
οлһЩöĪϵĲ֮ģڳ˿ܲôģö򣬾ùпЩˣոոϹƷ飬ЩҲ࿴˼ۡ
ܹһλŵ¼ݣ漰Ĳ࣬ӦҲǺмֵġ
ĪӽԼĶ£ߣֵ̯ɫĹâȻ͸¶һɿռϣţбʱһСռ䣬׼Щ
ֶκ͵ǨͲϵʱ򣬸ǸռСԲǳƣĪڿռ֮ϵ費ߣ̶ֳȣֻ÷άһСռ䲻
ĪӽԼĶ뵽ʱСռУԵòŲæܹ˸о̹
ĪҲȷû˵ѣӹ֮ó˾ᣬǸոձ˺ٵǸ˵еģǲǴӹóģҲõġ
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˵仰ʱ򣬹вûôķʽڳ˶ĻǰעŵĪӵϣϣĪӳһ˿ҵı飬Դ֤Ļ
ĪӸķӦǳϣԭʰԼƷĪӣ˲ͣסˣĿŹУ䣬ȴûп˵
ĪںԼ˵ʲôʵҪҪǿʵ׻ô׼Ƿ֡
ڲˣеڶʳ鿴ˣڸժȥԼԭҪٵľȡһЩʱ䣬ȴû뵽ӳˡ
һھͱȽΣˣĶʲôط˶ʶ뵽ϡ
ʲҪԼԳֻ֣ҪԸոոϹƷܹܿҵڣǸʱ򣬶ȻȻ䵽˹ʵҲ֮ǣĪӿҲк³
ΰľĪ˵ͽһĴ
뵽ĪӿһվһԵԷĿҲڿԼ
˴ʱ˿̣ϵɫƽҲû¶κεĪӺѴϿûнĿǰֵİ취
ʱ򣬸ոոϹƷ飬еһͻȻһĵϣ֮һץУ·ץʲô֮
һĻĪӣ˵˲˹ȵףΪԷץ֮һϢϢ˾ڡ
ץһϢƷתͷ򹴻ĹУȥһѯʵ񣬶̵ͷ
ӵϢ
еĻشƷ˲һռŻλһ⣬ûȿռŻ֮УԵһλƷҲȥ
ƷռŻĪﲻ֪ȥʲôģҲҪشϣȥֹƷ飬룬Ҫ֮ǰڵаѶԼ
ֻжԼĪӾܰѻԼϣܵһڵĴڣڡ
Īθոһûеʩչͨڤ̸оһеϢѹϣҪ򿪿ռŻĶֹͣˡ
վű𶯣ȻǱ˵ʲɱ㣬ɱ֮⣬ֶûҪ˼ģûʲôĪӵĶУ֮ĪӸоĲвһĵĮ
ʵĻĪףղŶԷѾҪɱԼһץΪʲôͻȻ֣֮ΪץԼĴԭֵԭ򣬾ȻΪԼλߡ
ԭأĪ㽹ҲʲôˣΨһпָܹվûκεж
ĪһǳϣܻеһЩãڴʱ˿̷ã뱣֤ڵİȫ뷨ĪԼоһ
˼֮䣬ٴοһռŻղ뿪λƷ飬ǵӰ˳
λƷ߳ʱĪͻȻһĨϣ֮ɫΪλɫЩѿǻʱ򣬾ֻûдڡ
ƷĻǷŴĪӵϣ
ֻղϢλŹʹ˵£˼䣬ûҵǸʿӰԷϢһУ֮ͳ׵ʧˣӦѾһˣ
Ļһ˵꣬̾ͰĿͶƽվȻЦһڵ˼
ڹʿһӦöźõģⲻ֪˿̵ҲͬڳԾΪİš


ʮ ݻ֮
λƷûҵڵټĪʵʶ뵽ģҲʲôš
ڿһĪȴͻȻôˣߵģڶԷӦ飬ǾǺԼһ
ѵֽˣĪ
ʱĿ⿴ĪӣлĪӽڲˣΪڵʦĪȫô
ںĪӵĿӴ֮ҲʶܺĪҲ޹أʹţȷǷ˳ϵ顣
£ԭվ˲ĪӵԣȻ߸ֳһռŻ׼Ī뿪
ڹʾԣô׵뿪ֻʵӰ˲ͳڴռŻ֮ǰ˫ɫͫ׵ĮĿ˵
ˣ㻹׵뿪𣿡
ԣ˫ۺõעŹʽɫͫףû˿Ĳе˵£ǿ϶׼ģ֣Ҳס
仰˵ķǳţоԵİգڹԳֵ£Ҳܹȫˡ
ԣԣ˵仰ͬʱֱǰץһŽɫĹâһַ·ܹѹһеơ
Թץƣ̧֣֮ͬУһССĻ磬ķǳۡ
ֻƼײһ̣һſƲ۵СС磬ڹнѹ£Ȼ·ҪϨˣȴʼǿȼţס˹ʵĹ
֮һŷǳǿĻ磬ͻȻ֮ջƣĿ֮жһأһЩȷĿʵ
ݻ֮񣿡
ߵĪ֣ĿҲɵÿǰ
ݻ֮İһЩ伮֮Уоһ֣йֵļء
ǽ׶Խģӳ׵״̬ϵĿǻۣм䣬徭˺ܶ飬˵ɽɽݣоǿ飬һ㾴η
Уһǳ⣬Ǿݻ֮
棬Ľ֮зǳҪѧʹû棬ںڰ֮ӵһ˿ܹʳܹ뵶ֵʱ
ʼջˣڻҲͬǳľηҲ浱һȥݣʱ֮£Ĵӻ֮еһλ顣
ǸʱкüλŻ֮ȨΪĳݶǳСյĻ棬Ҳʹõͨѡ
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ķչ֮Уλʼպվһһ˺ܶĿѣһֱһʳ֮䱻ʽ뷷Ϊݻ֮λﵽƷ
֮ڵһʳڼ䣬Ҫһս֮Уݻ֮һλ壬Ӵ伣
ڶʳʱڣһЩµĵ伮ϲ²ݻ֮ˣΪ˻һЩ˼¡
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֮ͥܵϵĪӾǳпܣֱգӹʵĿУĪӲŵ֪˿ܵݣݣ¶ġ
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ĿĶеŻ棬ȻͨʲôϽ¶һ˿Цݡ
ֲڤУܹôãֲеܹҵѣԭˣеһʳ㣬ʻ治һܹ㣡ϴһ˿ЦݣĿɨһȦΧգͬʱ˵
仰һ˵꣬ʽŲŲ뿪˿ռŻ֮ǰߵ˹еߣȻͷһ˳ĿɨһĪӣӰıãʧ˵ǰ
һͬʧģƷ飬ԼϴŲ֮ɫĹС
뿪ʱǺܲĵģϣܹɵĪӵˣɽĪӻúúõģеЩʧ
߰ɣʵ뿪֮תͷĪ˵һ˵꣬̽˿ռŻ֮С
ǰĿռŻĪ΢һ£˽ȥһռ֮кĪӱٴλص˴ϡ
ոմӿռŻ֮гĪӾͿվѾʩչֶΣѰڵټˡ
Īȿ˿Χĵطھ񶼲ԶСɽǰΧȫûڵϢ
֮תͷĪӿʵҲʲô취𣿡
ûУҰɣŽûʳңĪӿڻشͬҲ֪ھʲôط
ĪȴԼһԤУںܰȫҿϺˣԲôżȥҡ
ĪӵĻһʱ䣬΢΢˵ͷǺãȥ񶼽ȵңԼȥңҵˣ;ϵ
Īԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻͺֿˡ
˷ֿ֮Īһ߷طѰڣһŸղŵ¡
ݣĪӽ֪ˣҲⲢ׼ȷȴܴ
ݻ֮ĻԷϴ£ܹһĽͣ˵ͥĹϵҪеܣֱ˵ܹڤ֮аȫĶأٵȵ顣
е֮УһʳʱڵΪ͵ģͬʱǵҲ٣ɷϵǣ񣬵һʳڵ飬ǿߣͱ˵λѪҺ
һױ˺ӣȴСƵ׼ֶΣЩһʳĻǾֻ˵ǿˡ
һ˼ЩĪҲųʶٵ̽ڵټ֮󣬾΢оµһϢ
һϢǳ΢ǹͬԴĪע⵽Ҳף˳һƲ׽ϢĪһ·һǰڵϢͳ׵ʧˣȻʹˮжܺõԼ
˳ĪҲû̽鵽ڵټĪӷǳȷʱѾˮˣԲܲ
ȥˣĪ뵽ˮ֮Уÿһ磬ĸӦ֮ڣκϸ΢ĶӲĪӴʱĸ֪Ҳڡ
ƫƫĪӻһָоƺԼԶֻʱԼûзְˡ
ĪһϸѰţһ߸ӦΧԼܹĿڿԼĿⲻֹһȻڤͥʵ˵뿪ȥˡ
ԣҲ̽ҳֻǲǰŲλãĽ򲻶ϵΧƽ뿪һƬ


ʮһ ʯ
ĪڹϸΧѰڵټͬʱԼϵĿ⣬žԽԽԶ
˿̵ڣ͸ĪеԤһʵľĪӲԶֻڵ״̬ǳܵ˵Ӧˡ
תؼʱ֮ǰڤ֮лصϵڣһʱԼϢľ뿪ͬʱŪԼ뿪ļСӱߣʩչˮжԼˮУܵסԼϢ
˾һ£ڵʵʵѾˣսҪǿԭȻŷḻƾʱ򣬿ûҪ飬ᳵ·
ʩչˮжҽϵıﾡסϢ֮ЩѵԸ񣬾һչֳˡ
ոͻƴ粻ãΪ±һЩҲŸջָһѹ֮󷴵Ḷ́Ժľʢˡ
ȷԼʱȫھӵԱߣһȽεĵطˮжΧ½ȻóԼոյõǸӡ
ɫʯУʵԼҲ֪浽װʲôⷽ漸ûκεļ䣬ΨһͻȻðһЩ䣬ڶǿʯŵʱʱԼԺеġ
һںȷǾԼɫʯ֮УŵĶǺö
ôǰµģȻ˵òˣǽ֮ǰҿܲҪɣһЩһʦõĺöǾԭˣ飬ڻĴɫʯС
ʯпһɫʯͷиģҪ򿪵ʱڷ֣ʵͦصģһûͨ˵ĻһܹƵÿӡ
Сĵؽʯд򿪣õƷ̾ӳڵ
һͨͨľᣬûκεϢȴ֪ͨͨľᣬʵĿ꣬ҲԼǰΪԼ׼ĺ֡
ϧˣⶫòˣⱲӣҪɵˣҪܽʦ˼þͺˣź֮зõľᣬ죬Ȼ΢еЩϧ뵽
ԸԵĻԼǰµĶȻǸԼˣһĪҲġϧ÷λ̫ͣʱΣ᲻õ÷ϡ
Ŀɨ֮ڷ֮УȷĶһƣ·ʱĴӡһСĺӣֻаƴС
Ŀ䵽ǲƵĴӡϣϸĴһȻǰ˻ӡɣѾ׵ѽ
ںⷽӡڸоѾûʲôֵˣΪһѾ𻵵ķ濴⣬ܲƣҲһַ·һ£ӡͻ᳹׵ɢ˸о
ӡԼǰ˻ӡڵ˵Ҳֻʣ˼ֵܹһղƷûʵϵ;ֻɨһۣͿ˺֮һƷ
ֽǸƴСĺóһθоӯƴСĺӣȻҲͨʴģʲôʣڷԼϲ֪ЩġģƴСĺӴĲȫԲϡ
Ҳû̫ӵĲʣΪҪģʵǺ֮еĶ
һԼϲʲôϵĺӷŵƷпǼֵȽϸߵıĻԼ˵ܹջһö
һڴ飬ڻشеĺӣںӸոմһ϶ʱھͿһӺӵķ϶˳ͬʱһ֮ĵϣ·ǰչ֡
ڽеĺȫ򿪵һ̣ƴСĺ֮ŵƷһſЩҺ壬ڲϱ仯ŵĽɫ״ɢĵϣڲǷ·޾ķתϵϱ任ţܹĽơ
Ȼ֪ⶫʲôһ̣˵ȴȫȫıˣһֵüĸо·һֱ׷ĴǰɫĽ״
ģһֻ֣ҪǰĽ״ָǰĽ״ʱ򣬸ոսӴһ˲䣬ǰɫĽ״̷˱仯
ԭɫĽ״ƺԵޱȵĴָʱ򣬾ͷ·һεıĤˣҺ壬뵽ڵڡ
һ˲䣬ԺгķģоһԼ֮ȫͬϡ
ʱ״̬ͷ·һ˽ѾҧõĶǿйȻĶȴܹգ۾ǿܻı֮пܸıһЩĶ
Ķ˵ǳҪԸЩԺ֮еĶҲԸıĶ
Ǵ˿̵ֻܱĽչעԺ֮еЩķǰչһֱִǰչ֡
ʵ̫࣬¶Ǻöһʱ֮䣬ҲЩмܲסоԼͻ˴֮ҲһǿҵʹС
ʶģ˫סԼͷ̧Լֱ۵һ˲䣬ô˷ں֮УѾƵĴӡ
֮ǰӡӡһֻǼ򵥵Ĵһ£ͻ̵
öӡһ˲䣬ԭѾû˿⣬ȫȫϵĴӡȻѿɲǣŷһεΰ
εΰ֣Էĸ˿ռ䣬ͬʱΪĵһСƬĿռ򳹵׵ĸġ
ָıĽǼ򵥵ķѳһСռ䣬ǸӵռıһֶؾЧȻʹһСƬĿռ䣬ڸбĽޣܹоףҲѷƬռ䣬˵Ƭռ䡣
һƬռ֮УǴҲǼ򵥾ֵܹģƷˡ
С֮еĽɫ״ѾѿĴӡڱԴֲԼϵڣЩֻܹ˵һ㣬Ǿĵһλ˻ʣԼ׼ĺ֣Բֻǽô򵥡
Ҳ뵽ˣҪȵõԼĺ֣̲ô׵ģп֮󣬸ûа취ӴԼ׼ĺ֣Ȼ͵ֻͨԲŶһЩ׼
ǸǸֻʣ»׼ģöɫĽ״ϼѵĴӡǸת֮׼ġ
ϧǣʹЩѾ֪ٴת֮ˣڵڣȴ̫ҪЩ
½Щܹܿǿƫ֮δӰ졣
²ҪԺ֮ӿЩƾڵһʱ֮Ҳ޷ܣķչֻܱĽһУƫƫһڵı˷ǸոռڱȽϿհ״̬ıһͳתˡ


ʮ ɻʻ
ڵıɹͱĪӸ˳ڶûüˣԼıʲôֻԼ֪
˿ڵ֮УӴϢѾЩظ£һöںϵԲ״ʼֵѹ
öԲ״ķı
ոյͨͨûκεװλ߻ƣһö򵥵Բû˿ۡ
˵ۣӦҲĪıһص㣬ĪӵԪ«ǵ콭飬ֻڵıۿǳļ򵥣ûκεĵΣúһĻ˵ԳƵǹӴ
Ҳûʲôãһ˵۱ͲôҪŷļҲ޷ıġ
ʱöӴԲԷĳеһֵѹ֮󣬿ʼٵķǣС
ЩڽöԲ֮кͻȻ֮ͷ·ҵһޣʼͶ뵽öԲ֮Уѹ˲ʧˡ
ԭѾʼƫĵҲʱڴԵ˻
ķĽԲ֮У˴˼ܿͿʼԷϣöԲ֮γһƣٵöԲƷ
ԭոռԲƷ̾ͿʼٵĵϵӰ£ٶȺܿ죬γɵĽƾ׼ȷ
ΪӰ죬γɵĽƣ֮£
ΪűеѹѹڣܿʶԼڵ״̬
ھһ亹ͬʱҲܿʶԼһԵӺܴ˾ҪסԵ
ǺѹڣƷڷıһ߿ʼƲЩӿԼԺеķģȫעԼı֮УͬʱһģһУͼ֮ıγɵĽƣʼܹԼϡ
ʱĪһݺݵĳһƣΪʱΪȫıԵ̽
ڵֻҪһСģڲγɵĽƳ˴ͻƷڷɿıпܳ٣Ҳ
һѾ۳Ԫ񣬿ԽͷֻһĶõҲͰˣһոմﵽʿôôоԼļʸ
Ȼϵ飬ôڼڵϷ裬ȴܹȫˣھǺߡ
ΪûԼı⣬ܺõץסԵٽ˱
֮Уıֱһɽɱĳ̶ȣͬҲ˾޴ڸոմﵽΪӲһ̨ףﵽ˴ڡ
Ȼ˵ЩǴЩʱ䣬Իķѵʱ٣˵ռ˴ˡ
еķĶӿԲ֮ҲоֵˣʱܹĸоԼԼڵļһֵ
ǰһ˻ĵڸղŵϵĹ䣬ԵʵĻֵͻ֮
ԹԵģգߵһ·ϣǰԼˣһԼõĵиˡ
һ˻֮Ȼǵۻ֮Լ֮أ֮С
˵÷ǳİȴ˻ʣҲʲô˻ʣĸ޵ۻ֮ĵ;һӷ˴룬֪ܲŤתĹ
ת֮䣬ָΪıѾһɱǳǿɱ
ʱԭǳӵԲѾһЩ·һööķĴһģƲ϶ôƯȴԲƽأԲ״Ҳ΢Ĳ죬ͱùŹһЩҲˡ
ֻһöԲͳ󣬼˵һСɢһĵϣӳţһָ߹صĸо
ϸԼܣֻԼһ̣Ϸ·ӳΰҪʩչҪܹʩչԪɲӵе
ΪһСƬĿռ䣬ڸһ־յĸоƺԸĻռתĹܹ档
΢һ£ûʲô͸оڵڷģԭ΢һ˿͵ĸо̾˹
һɱȷһ£Ҫ߶һɱȴҪȷö࣬ɱҪܻҪͨɱӺķѷȻҲ
ԼıڿߵʯУʣһƷҲҪĶֻҪύԼʦԼһ˵ˡ
뵽ȴЩĪˣԼʦԼ֮ǰܼλΧҲ֪ԼʦܷȻҵԼ
ֽ֮еľóʶ뽫򿪣նȴͣסˣѡʵʵĽ
ĳЩʱԸһЩûʲô⣬ؼϣһҪסһµһԭҲܹѹ㷺ԭ֮һ
еľպ֮ھͿʼԥţԼҪҪ뿪Ƭռˡ
ڵĵطǳİȫһ˸ֲټƬռ䲢һֱڣĿռתĹͻָƬ˺ѳĿռ䣬Ҳռ֮У̣Ҫüʱ䣬ζȴü졣
ڲ̫ȷʱڣԼʦ᲻ԼĻԼ᲻ᵢһЩ飬ЩԥҪҪ뿪һ߳ȥĻҪǾûŶˣ
΢˼һ֮ջǾȴһ£ȵƬռŤתʱԼĵĳȥ
⼸ʱ䣬ÿԹһΪͬʱһϤԼһı
ǶбĴڣûԼĻԵɻڵлǷǳҵġ
ǰһ˻ʣҵıһҪȡһ֣ţͽУɻʻڸԼıȡһ֮ھͰ£ʼΪ
һξʱȥˣƬıתСռ֮йΪ磬Ī»صСӵΧ
⼸ʱ䣬ĪѾоһֱԼĿ⣬ĴŲˡ
ЩĪӵˣǵȻǲȱĵģֻĪ⼸ı֣ӦѾǴˣĪҲ֪ڵټһǾ͸ǰڴˣȻתĿꡣ
ЩһЩͶĪϵĿʧ֮ҲһЩҪĪӣƾǣĪӵټĪӲ֮صӱߣٴϸѰڵټ


ʮ ʱ
תƺЩԾĪֱŤĸоվԵһĪΣԼΧĿռ䣬ͬʱ
ٴλصѰڣĪҵķǳϸ﷢ΧĹתĲ
֮ǰǸСռ֮УǼ乬̨׵ʱһСξ룬ͱתţڸӦ쳣֮ĪӾͷġ
ûĻĪӲ²ڿܾֻǱֵֶαȽϸһʱƬĪܲ쳣Ҳ޷Ϣҵڡ
ΧĹƺĻָƹ˶ãһоͻָĪҲȴˡ
ڵȴͬʱĪҲΧ󷨣֤ڳ֮ɲᱻ֣ʱһʱͻ÷ۣϵ¶Լ٣ܵĽժȥ飬Ͳڸòֵˡ
Īվԭشŵȴһҵʱ䣬ϸϸΧı仯ĸ֪֮УѾܹоƺһСƬ뵽Ƭռ֮С
ֹŹֵĹתһСƬ򣬶ֹŹֹתԭĪӻѾµˣʮа˾ڴǸӣܴлʲô
ָˣһʱ֮ĪӿԼǰĺռ֮ƾռһȽεСȣ֪Ҫˡ
ȻƬƾճ֮ڵϢҲĪӵĸ֪УһǳĴͬʱҲرĽƬռָͬʱѾԼΡ
εͬʱʩչԼСͨԼСͨͬҲ״̬Լһ㱣ա
˼ǳĲֶҲ൱Ĳջǲһ㣬ֶΣĪǰǱĪӿˡ
ĪֳԼΣĿֱӾ䵽ڵϣһĪӣֳΡ
ʦ
ĪӿֳεڡĿȴ䵽󣬵Ŀ˵ˣΪʦƻ
һ䣬ոճֵġڡ̾ͻһȻڵ֣ЦеضĪһ
Īӵһʱע⵽ϵΪ仯̶̼ʱ䣬ΪȻѾﵽ˴ڣȻȷһݻԵ
ϸĹ۲һϢĪüͷ΢΢һ£ϢȻȣʵȴѾһ˿Ҫһʱ䣬úõĴһ¡
ΪЩ⣬λȥ֮ʱҪΪˣúõĹһ£мǿ֮򣬲ҪƫˣĪӶڿ˵
Īô˵̹ӦǰĪӾ̵ԴĪӳ֮ͺܳʱûĪӵĽ̵ˣٴʦֿԸﻹоЩС
ڴӦһ֮¶Цݣ̶Ī˵ԼõĻԵȻȡԼıĪӹۿ
һ棬ڵȻԼʦǰҫһ£һ棬Īӿ֮ıǷʲô
Īڽӹڵı֮ϸ̽һеĽƣһɽʱѾɵЩˡ
֮еɽûʲô⣬ʲôȫԷĵʹãеĵŨպҲɡ
ڣĪӶûʲô⣬պҪ¾ֻܵȵ֮ˣúʹðɣƽʱסҪ
ĪӵĻ˵һ룬ͻȻ֮סˣϸֳһϢʮ֮ϢƽĪӱΪ΢΢ǰһ㡣
ԼΪĽĪȴ̾Ϣһ
ʮû뵽Ȼڵı֮ôݻˣ
鱦ֶ֮һⱾȻһ£ûλʱ֮ŵĻĪھԾֻϲãϧλϣĪԪ«γɵٶԽ죬ʣܹøǿʱԽ١
ʱ֮ԺĪӿǰڣ֡
Ī˵ھĪӵ˼ֱӽǸȡ˳ĪӵС
ԼеľᣬĪӵͷһ£ͨͨڸĪ벻ҪĶ
΢˼һ£Īûԥֱӵڵ棬еľ̯Ȼϵּͳ˵ǰ
ʵ֮ǰǸٵһģһʳ뷷ʱдƣ뷷ĶһƬհס
Īɨһ۾ݣĿ䵽·ǸǺõĴӡϣɫű֣
ǺõĴӡɫȫǴɫģҲûʲô̺ˣȴĪӸеľ
Īãĵһʳ֮һȫΪʱƵԭ򣬻һλ˻ʵԭ
½еľĪӿڿ˵߰ɣΪʦ÷ۣʣµͲҪˣȥ֮ȴһϵ⣬úҲһʱ䣡
Īӻһ䣬ֱӳȥ󷨣Ȼڣһݹ⣬ɿ÷۶ȥ
ƾĪɾٶȣ·;ǺԶûл̫ʱ䣬ͻصӰء
ڻصӰ֮ĪӲûѡ񷵻ɽǽڷ£仰֮תٵ뿪ˡ
һ뿪ݺĪֱӾݷȥУҲûпй¶ԼϢӰһЩ˵С
ѾȥˣʱŻʳݸȥȥģпǺ֮ǰһҪǵĿ⣬ĶӵϣڤеһУԵһλƷ˵
ԷĻ֮󣬲ûĻʾֻͬվԭ˼Ƭ֮󣬲ſŹп˵
뷨ҲЩͥЩ㣬ͷԼȥһ˰ɣòҪԼֱӶ֣򲻵ЩÿܻԼһЩ鷳ͥЩˣڤͥЩ̫˳۰
ԣüͷ΢һ£ǰλƷ飬΢Ĭһ²ŵͷ
Է˵ĻݣҪĽЩ룬Ҳûʲô˵ģҪʰһ÷ۣԼ֣˵Ҳа취ġ
ýᣬǸҲʡԺҲɳڴ֮Ҿڤͥһʱ䣬ȵĪˣҲû׷ˣ˭Ϊһ˼ƽϣ֮ǰʸĪѾΪ˱飬ﲻɵ뵽
϶ĪӽǱ֮ˣһעˣ˴֮仹ǳˣ˵Ǿûʲôù˼ɵˣһЩ鷳ȵĪˣһҲͷƽ˾ˡ
ŽӢֻлģղܳΪ֮ܡ뵽ֻΪĪϳ˿һЩһӾɢ˴롣


ʮ 
׼ȥԸ÷ۣ򵥵ķȻԳ֣ɾڵΪ÷۵ĻɽȻҲŲ˶á
Ψһ鷳ԳֵĻɵӰܻȽϴпܻһЩ˼ˣͥ˺ͻʳĹЩ˿ܻȽ鷳
ǵһ㣬о׼ԼһѣҪھСӰ֮£ֱӸɵǺڣ֮ͷڤͥȵĪ֮ٳ
ΪϻȻ֮ǰڴϵʱΪ˸ٻʳĵ̲඼ѾĸɾˣҵˣЧȮ֮ͣǷǳ򵥵ġ
뵽ҪˣԺ̾뵽ȥʲôطңͬʱһöûˡ
뵽ˣҲ΢ЩǱ˻ʳһǳεĵطҲ֮ǰҪٻʳʱ򣬴󲿷ʱסĵط
ּ䣬Ŀ䵽Щͺͺ֦ϣüͷɵ΢΢һ£ǵԭӦһļ紺Щϳ궼ŻһƬľۣȴͼ֮еȫͬˡ
Ƭּһ̣жܹܵһţЩľƺܵŵӰ죬ͺͺ˿žȻЩɭ
𣿡ŲǰûΧоϤϢһ˿ûиоΪǸѾ뿪ˡ
Ȼһ˿΢΢ʧͬʱҲôһңϾļˣ˵ʱҲЩΣ̫ںЩ
ƬЩɭּ䣬пǰĹҲ֮еĽȻͬȫưˡ
ԭɫȫ䣬һЩƬҲ鲼Ű߰ߵ̦һȴ΢΢Щбƺ쳹ˡ
ǰһУ˲û˽ȥȤһƬȥ¥գֻʣ»ĵطȷûʲôÿġ
׼תʱͻȻ䣬һӰͻȻѾưܵĹ֮˳
ǵӰһϮ£ͷȴһƬѩףſ߳ʱ򣬼û˿ϢŲҲûС
ӰϤףͻȻ֮סˡ
žգȷ֮е֮еȣǰӰȫԲϣǴŴ绹ʣȫǽȻͬˡ
ݾʻ֮ˣҹ㲻ɣȫĸµǱʡ
ǰ֮ˣϵϢ˿©Ҳûиоһžݣȴغ˸о˿¶ȣ˫·û˿ͫףһû˿Ļꡣ
ڹ΢Щ㶵ʱͷĿҲû˿ɣеֻһĮȻͷ·𿴵һİһ㡣
ùЩ̫֮ǰԼʱԹ޵
ڿУҲûʲôĶֱֻĿֱüͷڵ
ô⸱ˣ
仰ƺҲûлشȤŲֱߵ˹еǰֱʱϣ΢΢سһ˿顣
һα飬ֲ΢ЦǳŪֻֻ΢ǣһǡ
㣬ˣ˵ĸоҲȫͬˣͺһ·ҲûκεС
бøӲҲ˲ʧȥ˺ǰ˵Ȥֱתλһݹʧԭء
ҲûֹֻվԭأЩľګĿ뿪ֱҲ֮վڳһ˿仯
ֻԭûκθʱڶһĨɣͬʱһ˿ԵϢҲĿʼ
ͷ˿޷ԶһƵḷ́ɢ˳ԭ԰ûκαϣ˿ƽ֮͸¶һһѹŵķĸо
㣬ڻˣ
³һ仰廯һֱ̣ʧԭء
ʧ֮ѾĹͻȻ֮͵ˣǰһƬͺͺ֣ҲһƬ֮У׵ĻΪ˷ĩ
Īڴݸ񶼵·ϣܿ͸оһֿӸУǿߵĿ⣬Ѿ䵽ϡ
ָо֮ĪӲûмӿٶȣ;ͣ䵽һСɽϡ
ѡ䵽ΪΧžˣǳ㶯֡
䵽ɽϣĪӾ͵ȴŽȳԼǰڤͥȳ֣ĪӾͲ֪ˡ
Ī䵽ɽ֮ûãǰͳһռŻȻ߳һ飬ǰòżڤͥĶƷ֮һ
ǰλȳˣĪﲻɵ΢΢̾һʱһǰӦŶԡ
Ʒ鿴ĪӣɫĮȻ˵ɣ
˵ʱǳĲֿǣͺԼ
Ȼһ൱ڽɾǿߵĶƷ飬ҲȷĪǰ԰ʱ
ǰλ飬Īӽ̯̳һᣬ΢΢˻ΣȻ½΢Цſû˵
֮ˣ䵱ıɡҸ˵㵨أ˵ЦأĪӵĶҲջֻǿĪҡͷЦ
ͬҲĪһλ߶ϵʮĪڸΪˣԼɱԵӲô
λʱ֮λƷеȷЩɵҲɱĪӣֻҪѶõ־Ϳˡ
ǣ֮һֻǰ֮̽нɫ֣Լ֯һһеĵϣҪĪС
ԼһƣĪѡ˲ܣôվԭأҲûκεķڵķûת
λƷ֮еĪûеֿ£׵ľͲĪӵϣ˳λƷҲԸеЩ⣬ΪĪӸûз
ΪˣЩɻ󣬻ĪеľᣬǲһٵĶ
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ĪսꪵղսµʱԱҪǿҪǿܶࡣ
뵽սԭıټʵǽɣ˵УܹӳƺҲֵϡ档
ս£ӰҲܿлƮֱ䵽սꪵԱߣֽӴ֮а˳


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һλƷ飬ֻӶһеսꪣƿ˵ϣ͸¶һְԵơ
ս֣˿̵Īӵĸо֮ǰȫͬȻǸˣְԵƣȴһִԾη
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ĪӿλƷֱ۶ѴǵһѪɫʧˣͬʱղűնϵֱۣۿɼٶ޸
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Ļ˵꣬ۿһɱ⣬ĿڵڲߣվͲҪˣ
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𣿾ʱһˣ˵֮ɷǳı䣬ֻǻ˼ָ
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ҪһЩ΢һЩʱ䣬пһЩ飬˵ϵһĺ֣ǰæԼȡһЩʱ䡣
ʱ˿̣ǰֻһƷ飬ĴƷӦòĶ֣һ֮ǰѾ֤ˡ
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飬һλ輫ߵУһͨ󷨵УͬһֳܹȻǽȻͬġ
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ĪȻ£÷һϵһε飬ȫһֵεˣһֳɵ󷨸֣ȻܹŹ
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ĪǰţӦϿһϤĿ䵽Լϣͣ˽ŲתϿա
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λƷܿҲͨһ㣬𣬶ΧԸ
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ȻǾĹһɵĻƺɵֿʣµĹѾѹĴ飬ôĹҲûλƷĪӵѹ
Ͽյķ֮ʱâƵʱøˣȻ˿̳ܵѹ١
Īһǣڷ֮еЩ飬Ǻܺõĺͷ֮γ˻ȶס˷֮ͬʱ΢һЩæֵһЩѹ
ĪӵֿĹУ˻Ѿžᣬʼж
ܴ󣬴Ӵÿһ˵ĶУ˸еĸо
Ѿ͸˻ʳ񶼣͸˿ռֶε˸Զĵط徳ڵÿһ˶ܹõ
ƺڲϵİθߣ·ܹ񷣬´ڤҪÿһڵĵط
УʳڹЩ飬֪ΪΣͻȻֹͣ˹ţԽԽֹͣɳģֻʣһҵ顣
ĪܹԵĸоʣµһҵ֮УвٵĹС˲٣ȻЩȻڹҲѡ˷ˮ

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λ֮Щͣ˹飬Ҳȫѡ뿪һٶø໹ڹͣ
ĪӿһĻͻȻеЩܹ꣬ΪˣǰΪ׵ģ˵ÿ˶ǸеģǵĹǲĨɱġ
Ϊԭ˴֮ŷ֮ϵԵĵ;֮ϵˣҲܵѡ񲻲֡
ڤͥ飬Ȼǰ뷷飬֮Уʵ壬Ըġ
ȽɭϣԸԵ;ƵĹϵԸĵʳ飬Ϊˣܹ֤ͳһ
񣬵ʳԽԽ࣬ѾΪһҼһλһƷ飬ȥǸоֻ棬Ծѡ뿪ˡ
ȻҲǵ뿪˿̵ҲЩϵѾ֮е嶼ܹΪݣ˴жǿҵĹС
뷷⣬۾̹Ÿ£ù֮ˣλ࣡
ϵݲǺܳҲܿͶݣõǷݾᣬ˲仯һ貵Ľ⡣
ھ֮еĻʳˣ貵Ľ𣬽Ƿԭƽƽľᣬڽ֮һػΪҽֻһӲӵӡ£һֱվڼ̨ǰȥ
Լӡ£վɫƽεļ֮ɫıãһֱʲôط⣬ڿҪóԸˡ
Ȼ΢ôһ㲨ۣڽԼҪģһо㹻ˡ
ɫӡڷĹУûܵκεôֱֱûüģӴĻʳ˼עϡ
һ̣ϣ̱һɾƣϵϢȫͷ˳ҿʼϵĵۣתĹҲ߳֡
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ҪģǶЩ洢콭еܵķԼСͨԼĹԸС
ɽ棬֮ѾһƬڣд˿ͻȻļµĸоƺʲô̫õ¼ˡ


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ذ
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ܹоΧƬأʼøйԣƺΣ޴ڣֻҪԼڴˣͱضܻ⵽ļµĸо
Ǵʱ˿̣иоΧûˣеһ˿Σյļ£Ǵǰɽϴġ
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˷пٵóһӡһϽɫĻ֣εıС
ոճֶΣͼԭȥĴأ˿̾ȻȲ󣬵ʱѾ㹻עˡ
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ֻڹеͷǺܵĺƾҵķţƲ֮е׹⣬޷͸Գκһ˿Ĺ
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һĻ˫һﳹ׵ķˣ֪ԼʦĪڻˡ
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İƬ̵Ĺ򣬽ţȾɫĽ⣬ڿ鿪ɢڿС
ĪһУǰǵصʧľԪҲɻصߣ
ԼɱĪӴ˿ȻŭŸոոϻͿһλƷ飬Լļſڣ۸Լĵӡ
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ΪԼ״ӣĪʵȾͶͷֻǺЩ࣬Լȥ֮ϣͷ͵ˣԴʵһҲ̣Ǻڿ΢һ㣬ľԲࡣ
ʵԵĶˣϵĶȻҪоҲǱģͰˡ
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ĪƿԺţ˽ȥʱûԼϢƿԺŵĶôͷĪɽע⵽ˡ
ĪɽҲû̫⣬ΪǴеĸ˹ˣϵĶ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼתͷϸ¶һ˿ЦݣڿĪӵһ̣ͻȻͶϣ˴֮С
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Լ׵ı֣ĪǰַסȻϲ¶΢Цͷ
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ϤĪɽһۿ̺ˣȻ͵תų͵ĸ׽е
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ոĪӾķ򣬴һ΢춯ȻͿԼĸ״ӳ֮˳Īӵһ˲䣬ˡ
̾һĪӸæǰοڶڵı֣ĪԤϣͬʱҲоů
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ȥĪࡢĪ˻ҪĪɽ򸾽ӵǱȥǱ˾ܾˣλ˼һǾãС䣬סŷǳһӶˣͬҲҪ
ĪࡢĪҲûǿ󣬸ĸӰأ÷۵ĵչˣʵҲʲô飬Ҳûʲôĵġ
ĪɽЩҳ̣ĪҲһԼ֮ϵһЩȻЩûʲôΣգָоȽ
ĪɽЩݣоǳ棬÷ǳ棬ȫֳ˳Ըֺ档
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һٷ꣬СԺ֮ûκα˵ķΧֻоñط֮ϲá
ĪҲϸ۲һĪɽ򸾣ڿ˿ϣԼ뿪ʱ򣬿ŻҪһЩ
ĪһΣҡӢ˴Що߸Īɽ򸾵ģܹ٣һЩԪ
ЩİĪɽĳ̶ȣĪӸоĸ뻹߰ʮԪ
֮Ҫ︸ĸһЩͨԪҩ𵽵þͲˣһЩ÷ǳõģȽĶĪɽȴֲһܹյˣϣܶк档
ԣսİ취øĸΪֲܹƵģǷǳе飬˵ĳ֮
һ㣬ĪѾ˰취Ҳżˡ
ڼгһٷĪûдŵˣĵĵĻȥˡ


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һΣĪһʵܶ࣬úԶϺģһ˵ǺѣĪҲ֪ԼһܹãҲûȥǵ뷨ˡ
ߵʱʱ仹ȽϳԣĻĪٿȥһˡ
صɽĪӽҪǵľ޸һɽ󷨣ɽΧĻɽǳ׵ıƻˣ޸û̫ıҪ
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ȽϿϧǣЩյĵ֮УһĹ֮УѾˣ÷ôһĵӡ
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һһڵ֮е߷ȫɽϷ˳ƯĪӵߡ
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ֶΣͨ˵һӶģȻˣǾͲֻܴܹԶԶĿһۣ˵Щʲôأ
ʱ֮ɽΧɣĪֻһʱ䣬ɽԭǹ²һ£һЩռֶΣ΢һɽϵĿռ䡣
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һЩռֶκ²õ󷨣ɽĿռ䣬ԭϣʮǳĿȫɽ
ΨһûжģǾ÷ˣĪӻϣԭӣԺ÷۵ĵӶһЩռ䡣
֮ҹĻٵʱ̣ʽɣеҲɽı仯
ԭҹĻʱɽϿգµǵǹ⣬ȴԵúˣϸ۲ĻͻᷢǺˣǱøˣ
ɽϿգͷ·һƬǿһ㣬ǳΧҪʱʱľͻһǻ뿪һΧ֮󣬾ͻʧӰ١
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һÿľûʲô仯һȥȴ·𿴵һƬޱ޼ʵֺ·ȡһҲܹľ֣ľٺɽǱǾ޾˼ˡ
ĳɹĪӲûиеر⣬Ϊ󷨣ˮƽֻǲɽ÷˵ǳʵ󷨶ѡ
ǻһ棬Ҿͻ֮ϰɡվ÷£ĪĬĬ


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ѾĪӽʵûʲôˣΪһλˣı߹ǰ֮⣬Ǿ͵һЩΪá
ҲʲôӲԵĹ涨ֻǴ˲ԼͬһѡѣеԭȽϸӣȻѾˣ΢ҪעһӰġ
Īӻص÷۵Ϣ⼸Ѿ֪ˣĴȥҪ˶ãһЩѣͻ׷׵Űݷá
ȻһЩĪӺϣģҲһЩϣĴţ뿪ҲܹЩ
⣬ھΪһƷ֮󣬳ŶԷĻᣬĪҲ˲ٵĶΪǰһ󲽣ȻûдﵽɾڣѾЩӽˣص֮ϣҲԸĵıչ
˵ĽĪӾһպ¡
ڹʳ֣Ѹٵ뿪֮󣬵ڶʳЩ飬Ҳ׷ѡ뿪֮ĽҲûκεĴš
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Īĵ֮ĪӸ֮֮зɿĪӵʱãֻҪٸԼһЩʱ䣬ԼΪǰһﵽɾڡ
ֻǺʱЩ̣ɹΪһƷһ̣ڵ飬һ˲ʧڣڤ֮С
ĪӲ²⣬ڶԷΪһƷ֮ΪӦҲһЩ仯ԲͻȻ䷵ڤ
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÷۵ģ÷۵ĺھӣй۵Ԫˡ
ҲǺĪӹϵĵˣйۺ÷۱˴ĵطԶôദһֱǳǢŵĵӣ˴֮ҲһЩ
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ĪĹ֮Ԫ˲ûаԼ뷨˵Ǽ򵥵ɾ뿪ˡ
ĪӸһЩ֮ϵļţԪѾĪӲʲôݾҲûṩݾߣҪɹ֣ҪԼ
꣬Ҳ׼õԪˣԼܷɹһ㣬Ҳ̫ȱģ׼̶ֳȣûа취ɹɹĻôҲˡ
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ȵԪ뿪֮󣬽ļʱ䣬һЩʿǰݷãǺĪӼϵ̫е֣ĪҲֻǼ򵥵Ӧһ£ϵ΢һЩûм
ڣȵʱ֮ɺˣڴ÷۵ĵӣɽ˵ȴĪӡ
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ȻǵʣɻһﲻֹѾ൱ˣŵСУѾ㹻صˡ
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ǰˣĪʾ£Щ˵ĸо˸ӳһЩ⣬û̫ı仯뿪ʱ򣬱仯ɾͲСˡ
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ɣĪȴϣԼһЩ͵Ӱӣ۵׵Ƿݰ
ÿ˶ǲͬģĪҲû÷۵ĵӻһģϣÿ˶иԵĸԣֻҪһԾ㹻ˡ
ӣ÷֮пȽۣΪ÷۵ȫͬһ֮⣬뷨ˡ
ɣĪҲ̫⣬֪Էǰݵʱ򣬶ɵԣһȽϿɵԤڡ
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˸뿪ʱԵñȽϵȻֱӱԼԺ䣬Ŀȴ̲סҴһ£Ͼɽ²һһЩռֶΣɽڲʮոоտ˺ܶࡣ
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˼ˣ֮ǰ᲻˵飿ĪĿɨһɵķȻа
ܶԷ˵ʲôֻҪûдߵ£Ǻص飬ĪӸоԼܹܣǴ˵ߵĻӦҲԼ˵ڣһЩϣĪӻǱȽϷĵġ


ʮһ Ż
صɽ֮Īھʷ÷һΣе÷۵Ӷˡ
ôһͬΣȻԵ΢ӵһ㣬ҲԵö˼жĻڣƽ˼ơ
÷۵λӣҲΪĪӵԭ򣬽εʱ򣬴ҲǸ棬ϣĪӵǰһӡҲƾݺӡЩʲôõһͬҲһ¡
жһ侭£÷۵еӣеĵǵɽص
ĹʱһѾˣЩΪȽϵ͵ĵӣʼܳڿεʱˡ
죬ķչȻЩͬʱվȺǰеͻȻǰĪӵǰĪӷǳһȻ˵
ɣһϣʦ
ɵĻԭ׼뿪ĵӣŲɵ΢΢һ٣һ֮󣬾վԭء
ɵʲô飬Ȼѡʱ˵Ǿζ飬ܻˣܻܿϣһ֪ͬģԲѡʱ˵
ɵΪˣ÷۵ĵҲ֪ķǳҲδιԼԸֻ֪ͷ޵ˡ
վȺǰڣʱ΢΢̾һ֪ɽҪĪ˵ĻĪӻηӦӣڸоЩӵġ
֮ʦͽϵǳãʦͽദʱȴֲͨʦͽദģʽʦͽˣƽٲ˵ľǻ༷ңȻֳͷ˿ƺʦͽϵܲгʵʦͽϵǳĺãϣΪ飬÷۽нԶ
һԵתͷһڣƺ˿̸ӵ飬ļ򣬲ҲûȰο
Ϊ÷ΪæµһˣһЩ飬֪ͬΪЩ飬̸ɽĪӣĪöҲʧΪһİ취
ĪӿɣĿɨһȦΧˣȻޱĿڵ˵ɣʲô飿
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аƽһ飬ɫ䣬ȻڵɣҪŻʦܹ
˵仰ٴιһ񣬽ͷصȥû̧ͷ
ŻĪ⼸֣ҲЩȣȻžȻˡ
֪һҰĵˣû뵽ԷȻ⣬ҪŻ
Īޱӣһ²ӾһҪվ˵ʲôոһĪӵ˹˲㬵վԭأûվ
ջڵĪӿŻͷɣֶһĶӰֱУɸû˿Ķ׾ٵľͱĪӰֱӡ
ĪӿɣƺЩʵô÷ۿˣ÷۽̲ʲôЩԼѧЩ
ˣĪƺЩƵɻûʲôӦΧ÷۵ĵӾ͸оһΪĪǷŭˡ
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ĪƺЩƵĿɼƽĿڵӵȻ˼÷һѧЩСţҪԶԶĳЩҲδѷɫ
֮ҪŻҪţǵҪ÷۴з󣡡
ɻ˵׵ֱӣĪ˵ʦ֮ţһ֮÷ۣУǶ֮Уܼߡ
÷յӣҲΪʴϻ֮Ծѣͬдʢ֮÷ǽ˵֮ң
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ŹɣٴǰĬĬɵԹ£ûƤЦķʽԼĵ飬ֻĬĬĹ
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ĪֱӸһ϶Ĵ𸴣øովɣضĪһ
֪ԼΪҪǷУǺܾܿһͽ³
ֻҪŻѣⲢǴ治£Ӧ㣬ͬҲøһЩ룡
ȥŻȴʼյüţ÷۵ĵӣ÷۵Ź治չҪһߡ
Żûʲô˵ģҪæĵطǵ÷ۣԾܳ˵Ҫ÷۷÷۵ĹҲԴڸպŵĵӣֻҪ÷۵ĹڵˣҪҪ÷۵һ
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ĪӸղ˵Ļ˼ȫͳ˳Ż÷۵ĵӣֻ൱ڱɳȥġ
պţҲ÷۵֧ˣȻ˵˸֣֮ͬʱҲ˳ˣ÷ۣȫԤڡ


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һԭڸеǳͷ۵飬Īӵǰû̫⣬֧ɣýԴϲˡ
֣˵ԤϣͬʱҲһõĽ֡
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֮ϣЩ֮Уɢ޳ɵˣһ붼һˡ
Īӵ÷۵ʱΪĿǣĪӾ÷ߵǾӢ·ߣյĵٶĶЩ͵ˡ
뷨ȻЩͬԸ⼯֮ţϣܹһڶţƾƣܹܹһЩ˲š
˵ĸãֻǲͬѡѣĪӺȥһ£ֳԣվҲʲô£Ǵ÷۵ĵͳ
˷Щţ̫һں⣬Щţһ̫ĴУһͳûϵķ֧
÷ڵȻûа취ЩȣҲ˼ѧϰһ£ҲһĹ̡
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ͬҲĪӣ÷۴пʼ˷֧ôҪһܹάϵͷ֧֮ϵĶݶӦûձԣǾ÷Լĵ
ĪΪѾﵽɾ磬ŽɾˣԼ׫һĪ˵еѣȴѾȫûпܵˡ
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˵ַʽɹ˵ȷмλһеĵ·ܲʺκ˵ģȫͷˣַԣ˵ЩС
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ĪԣûĿһֻۣҪؼ۸Ҿոˣ˭۸㣡
һ֮ĪֽĿתһԵǣóһСƿݸǡ
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һ㣬ûĳôǰٶȿܻܶ࣬ԸҪԼ̬˵ԣЩԼΪʦĪӵҲбҪ
ڶһ֮ĪֽĿͶ˵
Щһһӡߵ÷ǳȣһܺãҲû̫ҪģͱסԼ̬꣬һоѾ㹻ˣϾ֮࣬һ棬Ʒ黭֮գҲͬкôֻҪƫͺã
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ĪҲûʧ΢Цſ˵ϣѾ˵˲ˣ˵Уһٶㆪɡ
ʦָ㣡ɱֵķǳ˵
би˵ĵ˵ΪҲǸиĽͣܵһǶǴ;еߡ
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Īһ˵ţһ߻վ߳ͤУ΢΢̧ͷǰ·־ܴǿա
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ĪǿֻͷСɢǹǳȻ֪ⲢǳһҲɵ߱ȥ
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ǳĪҲͬʱ˵ǹ⣬عճĻ棬ǿ֮еһЩ棬вսʱĻ档
Īӽŵǳ˫ǰһף۳ǳ̱Ī׷˳ȥͷ·һһ㣬ӰصϿգȻͻȻ֮ըϸСǹ⣬ͬһ㣬һĴӿ¡
ǹĹâҫۣǳ΢ҹĻ֮еӰأΪһǹ⣬ȴԵø
ĪЩһգͬʱٴ𣬡£Ⲣȱ㣬ŵ㣬ĿⲻŵԶһЩ侫ʲֻ徳ڣ֮ϵ޷⣬ҪִȨ޿ɺǣҪʧԼסһ㣬Ѿǰˣ㣬һߣͬҲһλߣ
ɿĪӣ˿ԭһЩΪŻֵ֮ļ飬ͻȻ֮ƽг˸ߵҰڡС֣ҲһЩ


ʮ 
ڶ峿һι÷ֿʼͽ
Ī׼뿪÷ˣιڿΣģҲЩŵĵӵһڿΡ
һλڿΣЩ÷۵ĵӶǳļڿΣݴ˵ȥĸ߲Ľġ
ĪӶЩŵĵӣûнʲôܸĶڿεķʽйоأΪˣЩͱúЩͬˣʣҲһԼ⡣
ǳǳԵĶھĪӵĽ֮󣬺׵ľͱЩˣҲ÷ǳ棬᲻ԾĸĪӵĻȥϸϸ˼һʱʱ䣬ǸоǳĶݡ
վ÷еǵҲһţǶĪڿεʱ򣬺ڿεʱԱȣֳڿε֮⣬ĪӵĻһȻȻ˵ڽЩݵʱ򣬸ôҳС
ⲢĪ˷ʩչһЩʲôֶΣһȻȻǵ˲²⣬ĪѾɾ磬ԵԵʡ
һֻе˽ɾǿߣܹʹýַʽֱ۵Ľ֮ûдﵽɾ֮ǰɾǿ߾ľĴڱˣҲܳΪ
ɾǿߣѾɾˣȻûа취ڵݣԾҲһЩá
Щŵĵһڿ֮ĪӾת뿪÷ۣ֮ǰֻȥ÷㣬Ȼû˿뿪ˡ
뿪ɽĪҲû뿪Ӱأǻؼȥ͸ĸת뿪Ӱء
Ҫȥĵطǻʳ񶼣Ī֮ǰ񶼵ʱûȥհף׼뿪ˣҪȥԼѣҪȻٸоЩ˵ȥ
ǰʳĪӲûл̫ʱ䣬ֻ˲һգĪӾ񶼣Һܿհ׵ĸۡ
հסĵطĽϵĸۡΪհڳϵĴհǳҲûʲôҪӵĵطסǳ
ĪſڣſڵĻ˵Լ⣬ſڵ´һĪӣȻͽȥͨˣûãһ࿡ʵ˳дź֮ɫĪһۣȻ󹧹ĶĪһ
СֶǣţĪ常׵֪ĵѾ汸ˣĪ常
ǰ˵ĻĪӲûŶԷ߽ȥվ´һ
˵Ŀ֪Ҳհ׵ĺӣֻǲ֪հ׵ڼˣԷӣǳ໹̸ֹмհ׵Ӱӡ
ǣˣĪ΢Цſʵ
ǰ꣬Īֿհ׵ĸоֻǰ꣬ƺ𵱳հ׻ҪһЩղڼԼʱ򣬶ԼĳƺԾЩѡ
常СֶʮꡣĪӵʻæĻش
ĪӣȻǵһμڸȴ˵һЩĪӵ飬֪ԼҸһλ½ѣһλˣ˵ǳѾǳɵˣû뵽쾹Ȼܹ
ʱȻʱĪѾڴˣ÷ۻһݺĸҲ˵
Ī΢΢ͷǵĺ棬ٴ߽˽ϵĸۡС
һѾǼʮ֮ǰˣٴ߽ۡһЩطϤɣһЩط΢һЩ仯ԣ仯󣬺͵ȣû̫
һ·ǰ֮УĪһЩϤףüλͣ˸к
һֱߵۡеһԺǰĪӿǴԺſڣѾվȺˣհ׺ӡ
Զհ׾ѾӭϴŷĵϲЦݡ
Ī֣Υˣհ׿첽ߵĪӵǰԭ֪Īˣ໰˵ڼһĪӣհڿʱȴֻһΥˡ
֣òˣĪӿհףͬЩп˵
ʱ䲻հ׿ֳһЩ翴ȫ˵ӣڵͣ絹ҲǵΪҪ񶼣⽫Լĳȡ
òˣ඼ϸһ¶Էı仯֮󣬾ͷǳĬһ߽Ժ䣬ǰʱհ׵ҲĪһ̬Ӻݻ󣬾Դҹ󸾵ķ緶
ʮʱ䲻հ׵ӵǺһˣЩһֱྴ
Ժ֮ĪӺܿͱհţ׼õľԣȻհ׶˾ƱЦŶĪ˵
֮ǰĪʳ񶼣ԭΪĪӻѣŤͷߣĪֽղĻպټµôĪٶҪһЩ÷ֲһ£
Īհ׵Ļͬʱ˾Ʊհ֮һȻҲûбܻ˵
һյȷ£¶֮Ҿ͸еЩԾֱӸϻɽûȥ磬Ƭ̣ɽͼӣ¶Ҫһˣ
ô£հĪô˵̱֣ʵ
ĪҲûжհֱӾͽȥ˵һ顣
ľհҲ΢ЩĬˣĪ飬Ĳ̫ܹ֣ƺҲﲻ̫æ
ĪûϾֻ΢һ龭֮󣬾ͽ˱𴦡
ղż⺢ӣоֹ㶼ǳƣҸջصϣûʹ֣Щ㵽жŮˣ
˵˸ԵϣհϵЦݾͶһЩùƺһƣȻͬʱ˵ЩһӶŮպ֮⣬㶼ûмϧ಻ߣضѼϣ
հ˵ԼôŮĪǲɵ΢΢鶯һ£ȫ벻ʱհףȻôŮ
ЩϧˣҵЩŮ֮УȻûһҪȥеģһһˣ͵Ī£÷Щ̳ĵӣɶǷǳģ˵ԼЩŮհȴ΢еЩϧôĺӣȴûһҪȥеġ
֮£ȫƾԼǿġĪЦЦ˵
÷ۿɣƾհ׵ĹϵԭҪհ׳£úõĵһ£ǸСһﳤ˼֮󣬶ⷽ沢ûʲôȤΪӣ϶Ҳǳӣֻ֮ܲˡ
ĪӣѾûԼͽ̵Ȥӣ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ϻи鷳ûн鷳֮ǰĪҲûоȥһӡ
˵󱲣òѣϻһӾͳ׵Ĵˣ˵Щ󱲵ĳɳ
÷۵ļӣΪһȻö˵հףʵѾӱˣĳѾɼң˺ӣͬҲɼˣŮһѾˣһ仹Сٹʮʱ䣬Ҳ˸ü˵ʱ
ЩСϸϸ̸ۿʱʵҲúܿ죬ϵľȥ˺ܶ࣬Ȼûжһֱհ׵Ľŵʱʶԭ֪֮䣬ȻѾĵҹ


ʮ 
ҹѾˣĪҲ뿪ԾͺȻհסһ
ڶϣհ֮ȥμ˳ᣬĪıһЩ֮ǰĽϵдһֱհ׻Щ˲½뿪
հҲ֪ĪιҲ˶ãҲϧεڻ֮󣬼Ī
ֻǲͬռʱɣĵĻ⣬ݾǷˣľǸδķչԼһЩֻҪ˵ˣͻȥ
ϱǴоԶĺŴңհڳҲλܹӴĶȻڴϣľƣͬҲźԵ˽⡣
ĻʳȻ֮ϣ֮ϵľƣƽﻹǷǳĵģϾ߲ս֮ڴϵӰǷǳҪġ
ڤ֮еľƣʳҲʱʱעģͬҲĸ֮һνҪ
ԣĪºհЩ⣬հҲܹĵһҸԷԼļ⣬ľƣȻ²Ƶķչ
ĽܲʲôĶǶԵȵģ˴˽Ҳ̸ĳ˵̸֮˵һЩӰ졣
ʱ䣬̸֮йȥȻǱˣĪӺհЩδĽ̸
ѽʱɻǺǰһֱȽ϶ԵȵĽʽĪӺհ׶о
ʱҲˣĪҲڽϾҪȥڤ֮У÷֮Ҫصˣ˵ĪࡢĪĪҲ費ҪȥתһȦ
ΪͥˣԼ֮⣬˵ʲôʱ򣬻ҪͥĵǲǰȥΪҲǾˣڴϻƵһԭ
Ī׼հ׵뿪ʱȴû뵽һЩˣͻȻˣҶԷĿľǼԼ
˻ʱ£ǰװĪһͬʱ￪ʼ²Է⡣
Ϊ˻ʣͻȻ֮˽ϵĸۡȻҲԼĿģָյݷԼģĪӲò²ԷĿˡ
װĪǰռʱ򣬿ƺҪᣬϵЦҲ˸оȽϡ
µ֪Īٴʳ񶼣ðǰţĪ֣ǳº͵˵
ңֻǲ֪˻ʱǰΪ£Īӿ˼ʼ벻ͨԷǰԼĿģֱӿżɽʶԷǰԼĿġ
Īô˵ϵЦݲûб䣬ĿһһԵհףȻ󻺻ǰĲ豭һڣֽ豭£Ī˵˵ֻĪɣĪ𣿡
һĪӻû˵ʲôһԵհ׾վ˻˵¹٣Ҫúõдһ£ǰãũһµľҲһЩȻЧһ㣬ʤ棬ȥ֮ȡʧƬˣ
հ˵꣬Īӵ˸ɫȻת뿪ˣĪһ̸Ŀռ䡣
հ׿רǰĪӣҪ˵ģղ˵ĻֻΪԼԼѣԾͱȽɫ뿪ˡ
Ҳûֹհ뿪ֻհ뿪֮ȴͻȻٴ¶һĨЦݣ˵ĸоȴ͸ղȫһ΢һ˿ŪڳŪհףǳŪԼ
ЦݣĪͻȻղ˵Ļôһ㣬ûȫš
ԼܿôһЩɵ˼˻λϣ˵£ĿĲôģ˵ֵ˵ȫһݳޡ
⣬֮ĽӴҲ̫࣬Ҫ˵飬ǿôһЩӦҲﲻ֮ɵ̶ֳȡ
˵ĻĪ𣿡հߺֶĪһ䡣
˻ʱһߵʱ̸֮ݶɣ漰ĻǾͲɵҲţĪҲ¶һ˿΢ЦһֺƿЦһĿ˵
ĪĻشϵЦͻȻֱ֮ЩĪ˵ĪǲŹ°
˵仰ҲĪӻش𣬼˵ĪĪɣӸʱ򣬶лĪǼıˣ
˵ϵЦֱ˿ЦʱӸһֱĪλʵܵˣĪзµʱ뿪ӸʱҲͬһݵֱִ²ףĪЩٶӦöλʵܰĪİɣ
˵õǰ֣ͱһ㣬ѾȷţĪӾԲǵΪ͵¡
˵ʱĪӷλ˻ʣϵı仯ڱһԱ仯ϵЦݡ
˵ڣϵЦݼûжϹЦȴ˲ֵͬĵЦݡ
һһֱǰ϶Цݣʮа˾ŲĿģЦһЩһֱֵˣ֮٣ǣڣ
˻λϣҪصܶ࣬޿ɺǣһϱ仯ĺܴ
˻ʱʱ򣬵ȷȻҰбһ£ѾȥܾˣҲѾˣĪҲûֱӿ϶Ļ
Ī˵仰֮ϵЦͻȻһգٴζϵĲ豭ûкȣֻýϣ΢΢̾Ϣһ
Ȼλʵܣ»ǲһЩ
һ̾Ϣ֮ٴһеĲ裬˵
ʵ֮УƽƽһȲ֣ĻȲλʵܣ˻λϣ֪λõж
ôʮУΪɵʱ䣬ӸǼ꣬Сĵʩһ֮أӦ֣
Ҫһǣ˻λϣͻᷢһ˵˶ûˣԼãҲʲôܹ˵ģ
ʱһ㣬Ī˵˺ܶ࣬ЩҲӦĪ˵ģϾ֮Ľ黹ûе
˵Щ⣬ѾǽǳˣԼ׽ˣ˵ĻĪӴͲˣȴ˵ĻЩ̫ʡ
ĪҲ㲻Ҫʲôֻǵ߿࣬˵ͼԶĻķӦͱȽƽˡ
ŷӦȽƽƺԵĪӣһЦһ̣·һʱ֮Էֱ档
µȷЩðĪЦˣЩ̫ãһֱҸ˵һ˵ȴʼҲˣҲǾʶˣ֮䲻̫ĽЩһʱûסŵ˵ˡĪ˵
ˣǸλãȷʲô˶ܹģǸλϵˣҲȷѣĪӸ˶Էһ䡣
Ȼ仰ճڣĪӷǰϵ˲һ䣬Ȼɴű˻֮ȴѾ¶ˡ


ʮ ì̬
ˣע⵽ʵı仯Īаһ֪ҪԼ˵ˡ
ϻָ˻ʵ˿Ȼ΢ЦĿ⾼ĪӣֱĪӵ˫ۣȻú͸ղȫͬ˵
ĪҲ֪λϺܲף飬ɼҲһЩ飬ҪδȻԣĪܷңͽɣôˣ
һĪ֪̾ǰݣվǰˣҪĿģܾΪ顣
΢΢̾һĪӲɫ˵ɣһ񾳽ʿӦû˻ʱôİɣ
ⲻһĪ㶮ҵ˼˵ƺȸղ΢΢ǿӲһ˿
ӣĪҲκεĽ΢һ£żڵ
ҪŻ÷۵ĵͳҴӦὨһţΪһλ֮棬Ȼ󲻶ϵУնȹ֣ɾԪɣ
Ī仰˵Ҳ⣬˻ʱʲôͬʱҲɣһλߣǰ;ܹɵõѾǰˣپʳȨ֮Уġ
ҲĪԱ֤ʲôѵٶЩ˼𣿡ĪӵĻ֮ºһЩƺЩĵ˵
һ㣬Ӧ˻ʱĲŶԣĪ¶һ˿Цݣ˵
仰Ժ̻֮ͽֻ֮ǰµһ仰ͻȻ͸е̤ʵˡ
ǺǣȷˣõЦˣǸ棬ͻȻЦЦԭ˻ʵʣͻȻƽ
֪ǣԺ뵽ģڽֻ֮ʱµһ仰Ī˼ȴ
ĪҪǣǰֻʣһƲлֻ֮꣬õ޲ܹһЩļ䣬ֻǷǳٵƬΣҪָĿ΢΢ȫص顣
˼Ȼˣ֮£Чȴһģףǰֻͣһߣֽɣջһǰȫͬĵ·
˵֮꣬˶ݵĳĬ˭ûټڣձЩεʱհ׷ǳǡĳˡ
ֻհ׵жһ̣ͿЩֲڵľƱЦ˹
հߵǰʱĪſжŵģʲôƱöǳƱ
ũһλʱ䣬ķѪľЧȻһ㣬ȴǳ棬ĪֿԳհ˵ߣе̣ЦŶĪ˵
ָϡհҪǶĪӽһ£Ϊ˻ʵڴϳʲôϡĶһʱͻ˻ʣԾͼˡ
ԭĪ֮䣬𽥱ЩεգΪհ׵ǡʱ̵֣õ˻⡣
Īһöϸһ¡
еöʵֱһƱڹʵڣȷžҺĴڣֻھƱڴʵȫȫؽڷס֤˾Ʋ
ζһ㣬еľҲֻ˵һ㣬˵һֿԴģҲܵڶʿͰټѧӵϲĪɣҲȡһöֱӽȥоƱڴһ⡣
һⱻȥ֮һɾ֮ζɾ֮ζƵȷһ㣬֮÷ԶԶĲ硣
ĪӼ״Ҳ̽ҿԼеľû˷ѱԼµĹ⣬ֱӽ˿С
ĹʵһڣĪüͷ΢΢һ£ΪôóԣһûĿڸУǳɬлһЩ΢࣬΢һ˿ζڸп˵൱ˣ˵ܳԡ
ȻѳԣĪӲûнµϸϸľ׽һ˸С
һڹʵ̺֮Īû˿ã꾳ʿ˵ܹһЩõġ
һԵհʱҲԼĹʵƾƱľٱЦ½յĹ٣Īڲ࣬ʵ빲˱
ĪӺԣҲеľңңྴһ£Ȼһͬ¡
ڣղŵĹ⣬ڸеȻҪõö࣬һƶԣеƣ΢Щ嵭Щѵζ̺ȹ֮еҪһЩ񾳽ʿǿܹһЩá
һ֮վ˵¹лҪͲڴ˾ˣռĪдţ֣
˵֮תҪߣĪӺհҲæͣȵ뿪֮˲Żص˾ԣϱȹƵľհЦſĪ˵
Ī֣ƺˣʵҲҪ˷Ѱ
ãĪӿЦ
հֱֽöһԣûгöʵ˼ⶫζղĪӳˣ˵൱ѳˣΪ΢˵ܻζһȥհֲߣҲûʲôôˡ
ڵհףаټ֮Ȼ˵ߵ˼£ҪٽһѾ÷ǳˣĽǵȵȥȥ֮󣬻뷷Ϊˡ
ûʲô°ɣֻʣ֮հĪʵ
Īҡҡͷûʲô£ֻλ˻ʣĳЩ黹ЩģЩҡڲԲҵġ
仯ĺֱܴ仯ڷ档
ĪӸоӦúìܣ˻λϣѾԸоλõѹЩᷳλˣһ棬ȴԾıøӦλãúȻͬ
ҪһܹһеˣΪ˻֮ԽԽصģȴһˣܹȫȫĵõΡ
ǳìܣͺñԴɵ̬һìܣҪȴֲ붯֣Լ壬ȴֵһЩķоˣڶìܵġ
ìܵĸԴе˻֮λ
뵽ĪĿƳһۻʹķЩͳ˵Ǹλ֮һôı仯
հĿҲһۻʹķͬеͳ˵ǸλòôģǸλϵˣҪһЩ仯ջôˣܻҪԼ
Ī΢΢˵ͷվߵհ˵ˣҽҪ´λص㣬ֻǲ֪´λҪʲôʱˣ
أȵҷʱٻͿˣհԣҲûгֻЩĶĪЦ


ʮ ǳı
ʳ񶼵г̣Ī˵죬ȻûĵǾ͸ˡ
˻֮λ̬ǳìܣ仯ͬҲܴĪ΢еЩꡣ
Ȼȷһϸ˻ʣԴ˻֮λ󣬴̬ԱȽºͣһ֮ǰȻῼǸķӦȽóϸ·ʽ
ĵʳҪ˻ʣҲƲ۲Ŵԣʱ׶ΣԸ˻ʣȴǳڻʳķչ
ִЩϵ徳Աøӷˣ˶ҲЩĹ
˻ʣ˵ǺܺõģԼ˵ȴЩ۵ġҪȨ棬µʱ򾡿ܿӰϵ͵ֽǶȣʵһ㶼ףҪϵķķҪȨ棬ǺܾܿͻίԼҲôìҲйϵ
뿪˻ʳ֮ĪӾͽʱ֮ԺˣԼٶȣȥһĪĪͣһʱ䣬Ȼͽλصϵг̡
мĪӼһЩԼѪϵĺ󱲣ûмȫˣĪҲǿ֦ɢҶˣĪлǸеοġ
г֮ĪӾֱǰڤһҪȥˣԼʦ÷ʦͽڻʳ񶼴Ҵҵؼһ棬һ仰ûü˵ԲŻص֮ǰҪȥ
ٴڤĿ֮بŲĺɫͻɫֹ¼š
ɨһΧĪûϳڤеʲôطͷųԼʶΧ̽ܿͷ˾Լһͬʱͨʶ̽⣬Ҳҵ΢ϤһĵΣŵȷԼλá
΢΢һĪӾ׼ԼղŷֵǸ򿿹ȥԼڵλãӦþǵʳפصĵطǸӦúܹܿϵ÷
ţĪжͦСĵģԼϢȻСĵĿȥ
ĪӿɲԼȥ֮󣬷ǵڶʳڤͥλǾЩˡ
ĿǰΪֹĪӺڤ֮ͥ䣬ȷĴһ˴˵жԵλϣĪڤڤͥԼ𹥻̫⡣
ֿԲһԼǱ˵Ӧò׵Ķ֣ҲɾһƷ飬ڤеڤͥһҶǿ˫Ӧö
ܿ죬ĪӾǸԱߣĹ۲һ֮Īȷϵ򣬵ȷڵʳǱϵһ֮е飬Լ⣬ϣԼϵһ÷
֮еƺҲĪӣڵ֪Īӵ֮󣬺ܸɴľͰϵһ£Ҹȥ÷
лλ飬ĪӰնԷָ㣬ûãڤһ˸Ϲ÷
Ӽʦڼ÷֮ĪԼʦһ
ʦͽȻﶼܿģ˴˱ֵĶǳƽ
÷ĪӣֹסЦݣһкĪ£һЦſ˵һջʳ֮ԭΪμ棬ʦͽֻôҴҵĿһۣû뵽㾹Ȼרˣ
ԭΪʦ֮½ˣеʱɣû뵽ĻʸոսΪһƷ飬ȻеصڤУԵҲֻܽʦˣĪ΢Ц˵
ĪӺô˵÷ϵЦȴʧˣȡ֮ǹһĨŭݣһָֻһԼĺ룬Ȼһ˿ŭ˵
ĻͻȻ֮䷵ڤΪΪһƷ֮Ҳһɱ䣬ԲͻȻ䷵أҺҵȷˣûڻʳ񶼺Ϊʦ˷ʱ䣬ȥƬ̣Ǻֱǲ룬÷ۺò׽ĴУ˵Ҫһˣ
÷˵Щʱеŭ˿ΣԼҵĴв٣鱻֪ˣеŭǲ֡
ãϽҸϻȥʱһΪʱδҵļӱ΢ѵһ¡ĪӼ״΢ЦŶ÷˵
ѾˣŭƽҲ޼£վûз˸еϧ飬ѾǴˡ
⣬ңУĽˣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲһԹ˽ᡣ
÷ĪӵĻ΢΢̾һҵʵ㣬Ҳ鷢
˵仰֮÷Ŀ䵽ĪӵϣĪΪѾﵽɾ磬Ľٶȣδò˶ãԼӣΪܹɾ硣
εֻǸ÷۵ʵѾܲˣǵڻ֮£ڹ֧ôãս˵Ѿ㹻ˡĪӼ΢Ц˵
÷ԣҲ΢΢ĵͷȷʿһ񾳽ʿ֮£ܹʱԿһλɣѾܹ˽սˡ
뵽÷¶Ц˵Ϊʦĸʳһ뷷֮ʱΪʦλܹһƷ֮һЩʱգܹסһλᣬ˵ΪʦҲܹɾƷ飬ȥ֮Ͽ
ϲʦͽʦһܹסᣬɾƷ飡ĪԣҲЦŻص
÷λͻڵʱԼõģͬҲ˳ŵĪӶϢ⣬ҪϲһԼʦ
֪ĻôˣɱǷˣ˵֮Īת˹Ϣ
ΪһƷ飬ȥʱѾˣʳһ飬ֵĶȽϵ͵ûиϢĪҲܺ棬񾿾
Ī⣬÷ֱ˵ĻɱӦѾˣֻʱ䣬֮УΪҵʱ䣬ҲδʲôԴĻλ֮鵹ǰ˲٣ڳʳߣɶڤͥǱߣȴû
ϢĪ˼תԺðĵһ뷨ЩΪ֮
ֳһһƷ飬⵱ȻҪģһҶתΪǿȴڼġ
ȻһλµһƷѾ˶֣Ǿ͸ڲķһѻӦþΪʲôЩ飬ʱûжԵʳһȴȻûŹڶʳڤͥһԵʰɣ
ȻôǳԵ⣬Īܹ뵽˵ȻҲܹʶʶһ㣬Ҳûʲôð취
ЩĴ⣬ǳĳѡϵ߰οԼȴûа취ֹô


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ĪӺ÷֮˺ܶ࣬ݶǹڤʱģ÷ĿУĪӱȽϸ˽һ֮ʵ
ߵȽڤͥ͵ʳ飬һλһƷ죬ʵ˵ڤͥȻҪʤһʳ飬еһʳʣµЩҲδ֮⡣
ߣǾϮ飬ᾡܵץ飬ĿĵȻǳȷӶЩλ
ȻҲͬ飬Ǿʱ飬ͨӶķʽѾ˲ٵˡ
ְ취֮⣬ͨΪһЩҲڸ֮лԾ
ԣĿǰ֮ʹһƺӰ첢̫󣬵ȴȶƽ״̬״̬ܻӪһֱȽƽļ󣬵ֻҪչȥտܻᷢһԱĴս
󾿾һʤߣڵľĪӾƣ壬壬ûʲôֱʣܹѹļʲ
ڤ֮У˼Լʦ÷֮⣬ĪԭĻʣڶԷ֮һ£ΪһƷ֮󣬵׻仯
ϧǣڵĻƺԼлҪæˣѾ˵Ҫ£µȥţĪҲֻܰͷˡ
Լʦ֪һ뷷⣬ԼʦλܹһƷĪӶԼʦİΣַ˲١
ĪڤеĿľЩˣڼ÷֮󣬸ĵݶһ£ĪӾ׼뿪ˡ
ڤʩչͨڤһռŻĪӶ÷һ΢Ц˵
ʦأպлᣬʦģ
÷ԣ΢΢˵ͷ㰲ɣ飬ΪʦᾡעģϢĻһἰʱ֪ͨ㣡
ĪЦЦת߽˿ռŻ֮С
ڸĸ⣬ĪʵѾ˽İ취ܹҵ⣬Ǿһָõİ취ܹԼĸĸڲ֮øɣĪӾͰ÷Լעһ¡
ȻܹõĿԲ󣬵һлĻĪӵȻǲŹġ
ֱĪ߽ռŻһֱŵڤͥĽɱʼնûеƽ뿪ڤĪһϾһ²һ¡
ĪӲ֪ǣʵڤ뿪һһһֱĿļ£ֱ뿪һ̣Ŀջȥ
ڤڰĸ߿УӰԶͬʱĿһջأȻ˱˴ˡ
һĺ󱲣»Ϊ̲ס֣ڽĿͶ˴֮һ˿ڣƽŶԷ˵
ɾڵΪʿг˴Ǳõһɱĳ𣬱ʻ治֪ô֣վһԣͬǳƽ˵
˵ˣǵȻԶ׼ǹʺˡ
ΪһƷѾʸ³ΪĻʣͬʱԼĳƺҲٴοԳƹµˡ
ϰأԲں𣿡˵
ȻںˣҲ輤ңĪӣֻҪҲϵĴ鷳ģ㣬ŵҪ鷳浽Ǹʱ򣬱ʺܺ棬㾿ܷ񵣵ԣ˿Ϊһ䡣
Ҳģ˵ȥĻȻ취쵽ش
ǿɲһλʱ֮֮УΪߵһҲӽ컯һ˵ʲôʱܹΪ컯棬ⳡ֮ǸʱҪԵģһλ컯棡΢һЩ仯о΢һЩĿǡ
ǲΪ컯棬ҲŻĪӿ鷳㣬ף仰ĿƲ˸ղĪ뿪ڤʱǸطȻ󵭵˵
仰һһĨâͻȻ¶һЦݣȻЦ
ȻĻʣܹĳȫãúã
һߴЦţֱתȥŲǰ˼ûɢ˵ӰѾʧˡ
뿪ĹʣҲһЦݣ֪ԼĿĲǴﵽˣʲôĽǾֻеʱ֪ˡ
תȥŲǰһӰƾʧˡ

û뵽˰죬ջҪͨ㣬ܻص֮ϣУĪһ߲ϵϷɣһЩƵ
֮ŸʩչĽҪô׵ģĪ֪һ㡣Ϊͻɾܹ֮ͨڤڤԼͬķȥȴЩ˽Լ֪ʲôطȥ
ĪӶڿռ֮ҲԣƲ֮£ϵķѡ˳ڴϣȻͨ㣬ʵʵȥ
޷Ǿٶһ㣬ϸһĻʵҲ̫õʱ䡣
УĪܹоһΣԼоѹøСˣҴԽʱҲøˣڲĹУܹпĶҲˡ
ĪӺ˳Ĵ㣬Ȼֺܿؽǿ֮УӦ޴ڵŨǳ֮ĪһȻϷȥ
ֻҪϵϣһ߶ȣܹӦĴڣȻ֮С
Ȼϵķ̫̫ŴȥģǽͲͬˡ
ȥ߽᲻ϵؿôǣҪɶòܹĴǾһ˵׼ˡ
Ϸɾܹӽ̫̫ŴǣҲǿ֮вŻпܣڴϻ߾֮У޷Ŵǡ
ĪڲϷɵĹУĿҲȻ̫̫ŴǣԼ֮ʱֹһλ˸ԼΪûеɾ֮ǰǧҪӽ̫̫Ŵǡ
ĪһܹýȰˣ֮ϵʱ䲻Ҳûнӽ̫̫ŴǣĪӵΪҲﵽɾ磬ոջص֮ϣ̫̫ŴǣĪͻȻҪȥ뿴뷨
ҵΪѾﵽɾˣǿ֮У͹ȥɣЩ˵ʲôΣյĻɾӦܹӦˣ̫񹬺̫ɹӦòµģͷһĪӺҲˣԽҪ̫̫ŴǸǰȥ
֮ĪӾͷ̻صĴ㣬תͷ̫̫ŴǷȥҪȥ̽һ¡
ǿ֮ҪĴǣĪһֱеЩ棬Ϊﵽǰȥ̽ı׼ʱҲպúʣǲȥ˵Щջأ


ʮ ̫̫
̫̫ŴǣΪǿ֮ҪǳȻ·ÿ춼ܹ˸оϰΪͬҲ÷ǳء
ǰǽûﵽ̫̫֮ǰŴǣкܶ˼ĲͱĹ¡
ŷ·بŲǳ֮Уͳ฽ӵУвɧͣдʫ֮УԳõҲм֮ϣΪл
Īڲϵ̫̫ŴǰĹУȸоģҪ֮еĳܶ࣬˺һʱ䣬ŴɺңԶ
ⲢǾԭ򣬸ĻŴǵ漰һЩռ
ܹǿУڴϣھ֮ڶ̫̫ŴǣȻڿռ֮һĪӲе⡣
ƾڿռ֮ڲϿĹУĪҲڲϸ̫̫ŴǣΧγɵĿռֶΡ
ϸϸĸһ֮ĪͻȻЩȵķ֣̫̫ŴλãΧĿռ䣬ͷ·ǿաʹؿռ佻㴦ֲܼ򵥵ݣеĹҪӸĪӶڿռ֮裬һʱ֮仹û취׵Ĳ͸
ƾȴܹͨԼڿռ֪֮ξܿĿ̫̫Ŵǡ
˵ɾ֮ǰܵĲҪôǣһɸ֣Ҫ̫ףռ֮ɣҪɻ䶼̫ܣаԸһĪӿʼԼ򣬿ٵŴǿ
ʱͻᷢĪӷеĹ켣ʼЩʱʱŤ˹գЩ죬ķзʽȴٶԼӿǿеλƣۿɼٶڱ仯š
˴ԼʱңĪӾ͸оͷĸߴԼһ˿ȣͬʱּһ˿
ʱĪӲŷԼ̫̫ŴǣȻ֪Ѿˡ
ȻڻŲ֪жԶǴڵλŴǵȷǳӴ󣬱һĴǣܸҪԼоĳȺͱĸоŴǵĹâ
쵽ˣԼľ뿿֮ĪӲɵһϲоŴǣܻЩջ
ĪּӿһЩŴǿͬʱҲ˾֮ģʱ̷Χ
̫̫ŴǵԱߣɲֻţ壬̫ͬʿԽΧԽҪСһЩ
ĪӼǰǰӽһξ֮оֿռĸ·ʧˣܹоĳȺͱ֮УʱѾøǿˡ
ǰ̫̫ŴǵľѾܽӽˣĪӻŴǵΧһЩ۵΢СǳʯĪ֪ˣŴǵΧҲȻǳڵģֻǶǳĹڱ˶ѡ
ǰĪӷǳ˴˼ҲͦԶģԾžԼϽ̫Ƕȥ
ѡж֮ĪԸоϵĳȸбøǿˣֱĸоǼ˺ܶࡣ
룬ĪӿʼϸĴ̫ǡ˿̵̫ǣûƽطʱôҫ۵ĹâڱȽϽľϸ۲죬Ī̫ǣһȼŵĴ
̫ǵı棬һɫ̫ڽɫ̫֮£ȼŵĳɫͷ·ǵص׵ҽһ㣬ֻһۣܹ˸о̺Ŀֲ
Ī΢еЩǣ룬Ȼܹоϵ¶ԽԽȣȴûеһܿŵĳ̶ȣԤڸо¶Ҫ͵Ķ࣬Ҫʹκεķֶξܹܵס
ϴĹâУĪӽĲڳ֮еһŨŨ
̺̫â֮УһܹܹڻѩܹѴش磬ܹϣ
ĪһЩ֮ĴشأЩ벻̫ǵĹԣոһյ¶صĶҲϣ
ӽӽ֮󣬴ϵĹâ֮УĪӸһЩĶ̫֮иȵһ档
ʢףյգˮɣɳ̫ǵңжһ棬ͬʱҲпҴһ档
תٵĴصĸ֮һƶֻ֣֮ع֮
˵ղĪֻ΢΢ĸоʱѾһЩˡ
ԭھΪһƷ֮ĪΪǰһ󲽣ٴνһ˿ĪӸоԼɾ˿̵̫ǿһ
һЩĪӵٶȾͽ̫ǣԽԽ
ʱĪͻȻ֮оǰԶĵطһЩ˵Ϣ١
ЩӦϢÿһԳƵǿߣΪȫɾϣҶ塣
ӦЩϢĪ̾Ǹ˹ȥȥĹУЩƺҲкüʶɨ
ûãĪӾһŲ̫΢СǳϣһλĿעˡ
λˣĪͣŶԷһȻĪӣһʱ棬̫̫Ŵǰָܷһ£˴ʲôҪע𣿡
ĪӵĴλɾʿüͷƺ΢΢һ£Ȼصǵһ£òҪǰˣڴ˴ͺãȻĵĻҲǰȥ΢һЩΣգϣСģ
˴ҪעģǾҪ̫ΧУԭصҲоǲҪҴ̫񹬵С磬ᱻǵƣͬΪ壬Ҳģ
ȻƺЩͣλɾĸֻĪӽһ¡
лָ㣡ԷĽܣĪŶԷʾ˸лȻ˵ĲϸָԼһЩѾˡ
΢룬ĪջǾǰòܹһȻø̫̫ŴǣΣգɾµʿȴ
ѾõѣĪӼǰĹҲûд⣬ľԪѾͷķ֮Сĵǰ
ɾʿ״һĪӵıӰͻȻ֮Ī˻ͦ˼ģЩ֪νˣҲֵСµˡ
ԼѾˣǰлΣյ£ҼȥͬʱֲķܹһȽͬʱȽϽˡ
λѵǲǰгԵͷ˵Ҳܷ̫̫ŴΧʱ£ԽύһаͬʱҲĪӸղŽܵʱ˵֡


ʮ ʱĥ
ĪӼ̫Ǳ濿ֿܿһЩɸ֣̫ΧƵЩڷĪ֮󣬶Ĵһ£ûдҲԶԶһۡ
м䣬ĪҲΧţѰ̫񹬵ټ
ΪĴ֮һ̫񹬺̫ɹţפڵλã̫̫ŴǵΧĸӦñȽ۲Ŷԡ
ĿϸţĪǰѾӽ̫ĵطԼһĹɫ̫âɫһΧƺͬŽɫ̫𣬿ޱȵ졣
Ǿ̫𣿡ǳӽ̫ǵĹĪһЩҪһЩŸ뷨
ȽӴ󣬵̫ǵǰԱ֮·ԵñȽСΪһŵפأп϶Ǭ
Ī񣬻ûнЩȥ֪Щ֮Уǵפһľ
ĪӲϵĿ̫ǵʱЩΧǳϴˣڿӰͬʱʶ˴˽
λֶܹãܴܲﵽ̫񹬵λã
˵ΪƺֻɾڣܹŶЩʵģ˵ܹýһЩ
ܿĶһ޹ؽҪǵһĵѣֻҪԼǿͺã

Щһڰţһ߿ĪӽӽֱﵽһΧʱǲͣȫעŵĪӵϡ
ĪӴ˿̫̾ѾˣĪҪǰоͻȻеЩָоЩ̫̫Ŵǿʱ򣬸оֿռʱ
ָоټϸղλɵָ㣬ĪףԷ˵Σգָľǿ֮
ʶһ㣬ĪӼǰٶȸˣѡСĵǰŲͷϷľԪ飬âҲøҫһЩ
̽Եǰһξ֮ĪӲûиоΧʲô仯ƺҲûʲôѹ֮еΣգƺûе
Īʱûзɾ裬λɼȻԼˣӦòںԼЦΣձضǴڵģֻԼûзˡ
ĪӼǰֹƬ֮Īӻûзʲô⣬ɵٶȾ΢ӿһЩٶһӿ죬ĪͻȻʶ⡣
ԣҸղŵٶȣǰ̫񹬣ӦѾҪӽˣڣƺǰ̫񹬵ľ벢ûб仯ôԶ
Īһ⣬ѡ˻ͷ棬תͷʱ򣬷ԼղԼǿǳƺȻǸղôԶ
ĪһβûиоʲôռֶΣΧĿռҲûʲô仯
ռ䲢ûʲô⣬ģӦ漰ʱ֮Ĺ仯ˡ־ı仯漰ռĻĪ뵽ģȻʱ֮Ĺˡ
ʶڣĪӸҪˣȴͻȻһ
ųط࣬ԴʱĥȻ󾡿ܵǰߣȵ֧Ųסʱ򣬾˻мǣǧҪǿ
ͻȻĪһ֪ԼЩɾǿ֮У˳ָԼ±̰նԷָ㣬ųԼطࡣ
ĪӵıһƬޱˮ̸ֶһòϷһƬǻԣԵΪ졣
û뵽λˮľ֮ʺȥ̫ǣ̫ߣλѿҪЩͷˣĪطֳ֮ЩɣҲܹĪĵ̾СĴ
˿̷ųطĪӣȴû˼Щʩչط֮ԭûиоôĪӣһȴ˲оѹ
ѹʱĹҪԭأûʩչط£ĪӲоѹֻǻᱻʱŻԼٶȣҪƶǰ̫񹬴Ҫܾãʱпǳɰǧꡣ
ʩչط֮ĪӸоԼܹƾط࣬ʱĹԿͬʱԼٶҲָԭ
Īǰһ̾͸оϵѹִһЩͬʱǰǰ̫ɢҲʼ֡
΢΢һüͷĪӼǰȥľ벻ϿϵѹȻҲԽԽֻѹĪĿǰܹܵģ̫ɢ
ĪӵӰϵǰЩɵעٴαеһЩ˿ĪѾ˲̵ľ֮ٶȴȻûнͣĪӵʵǵһµ
λոյĵѣΪȻɾڣʵȻҪһǿ
ЩɶȽϺ棬Īӵܹ߶Զܴܲﵽ̫ڵλá
ߵעУĪӱط࣬ɢĹâԽԽϵƣҲڲϵǰ֮пʼ
ĪڸеϵѹѾˣʱĹԼֻƾط࣬ƾԼڵ֮Կ
ָоܣÿǰһĪӾ͸оԼڵƺھſʣһЩԭԼΪȷ򣬶ǰĹ֮Уϵķ˼Ѱ⡣
ʱѹ֮⣬̫ɢҲڲϵ壬ĪӱķкܴӰ졣
ĪһָоԼڵڲϵĻۣƺҪ챻ȼˣֻͨڵķϵ滺ƽϢڵ
ͷľԪ飬ĪںΪɱٵû𵽶ٵã룬ǼݶɱεıԼֹΣա
ĪӺԼڽӽĹ֮УѾܵ˼尾Լ䵽̫ϣΧ̫£Լֵܼܲס
ڹһ㣬ЩΪʱˣĪӹƣԼ¸߲̫ϣ͵ú˻ȥ֮ԶѹһǰҪԭһǰ֮УĪѾ˺ô
䣬ʱתʱĹԵıַʽͨתɰҹĽ档
̫̫Ŵǣڹȥ֮Уܿܿĳ̶ֳϣѾʱţ̫̫ŴǵΧŻʱ
ĪÿǰһطඥʱѹԼʱı仯
һΪ΢ˣһӰǰأһǰߣʱ֮£ǰ߲˼ͻʱġ
ֻɾϵˣܹͨط࣬Լ֮ʱ̣ͬҲǶһĥһȥαá
ĪѾԼһǰĹ֮УԽԽѹԼط࣬ʼøԼĵҲ޳һЩƫĶŶԼ˵һ¡
ΨһЩвǣڻҪ̫ǵĳȣͬʱѹڵԼ˶ȼ


ٰʮ ǹˮ
һƬޱˮ뻹һޱĲĪһǰ˵ӰһƬӰ֮С
ĪڵѹʵѾܴˣڵֳ֮УҪ˵ȼˣڵķѾ˵ȽǿֻĪӵԪڶż尾
ĪԴ֮·ԼǵжãҲûгֹһκΣȻڣһǰеĹ֮УĪӶͷϾȻһϸܵĺΡ
ʵҲ˵ǺˮΪĪΪﵽһεʱѾкˮˣͷϵһ㣬˵ǺΣ˵ֳ֮УĪڷѪҺ֮£һЩˮ
Īӿǰ̫񹬣Լﻹһξ룬ǴԼղÿһľʣµξ룬ҲͿٲ֮ң
ʣµٲ֮ңĪӲ֪ԼܲܳŵסΪÿǰһܸоѹøˣʱĹļѹԼطһĥһ֮£Ҳпܻһֳ׵Ĵݻ١
ĪѾԼǰƺһӰͬҲǰǵӰ֮ϣطʧǵӰ֮ϵԪҲѾɢһտǶ㲻ϣֻ˵ʱ֮еĲӰ
ǲ֪֮ǰĳһλǿʿĲӰԷԼĴۣ˺һѣߺӦУһζĳǿ
ĪӼǰ߳ѾǵӰĿ΢΢Ƴһ۶ԷĪӾͼǰ
ط֮УǿŲɢɫĹâĪӲǰĽŲâҲϵıøҫۣϸĹ۲Ļᷢôƺ΢΢Ļζţͺ趯·ޱˮ֮УˮҲһ΢紵µĺۼ
ϷЩǳҲڲϱ任ŷλȺת
ı仯֮УĪӱԻط࣬оһƬתСռ䣬еһжôʱѹ£ֳ˷ǳԵı仯
طֱ仯ĪϵѹͻȻһ㣬ֳ֮УȴϽӽĹ֮УҪȼļ
ĪӸоԼڣ·𼴽Ҫȼһ̫𣬻һųȵ̫Լ˻Ϊҽ
£ѾõķѹˣĪѡʩչǹˮͨϨԼڼȼĻ档
ǿˮڶɴֵʱԻҲܹãڼȼĻ棬Ҳܹͬá
ĪǹˮԸԼڼȼĻʱЧͼӰģԭڵֳȸ˲ˡ
ֻĪڿ̫ǣڵĳ֮ѾˣԴԴϵĳϢڣòάǹˮͨһδεƽϢڵĳȣܹǰ
ڣĪӾǰ̫񹬣ѾˣʱĪҲоԼѾ㹻ĺôԼڵһǰĹ֮У͸оǵõһ
˻ȥĪҲ㹻ģԼܿͻɾڣΪһ̨ס
ڵǰ̫񹬣Ѿֻʣ֮ң֮ңĪ˵ȫԳܵסѹߵ̫񹬴
ȵ̫񹬴֮ĪҲǰˣΪټǰĪܹǿ߼Ҳ߲̫ԶԽ̫ǣΣվͻԽ󣬻ǲҪǿĺá
̫񹬵󼸲ܵѹȻڵݽĪŲٶȣҲˣÿ̤һ֮жȵúȡ
ڣĪӽŲ̫ǰǰ̫񹬣ĪͻȻһԼѾ̫ĸо
ߵĪӸоǰ̫񹬣ԼĸоǺõģĵȷȷǴڵģоȷʵΧʱһһҵʱ֮Уڻ֮пȻ
һܹ̫ǵԱߣѾ˵һУĪЩǣ̫񹬵ĵӣǲĻ
ţĪӾͻȻǰ̫񹬵ĴͻȻˣŴ߳һ̫񹬵ĵӣѾߵĪӣȻĪһЦĪ׳һź⣬ͬʱĪӵĶС
ԵΪܹߵ˴Ѿ㹻ˣĪټǰ̫񹬵𵤣ܹڵ̫ѣϣܸṩһЩ
ƮԼǰһź⣬ĪֽסͷٵɨһۣԼеģһŵɫľ壬룬һųɫĵҩ
еľ壬ĪӶǰ̫񹬵ĵһȻصлѺ⣬ߵ˴Ҳǰˣڵ̫а취𵤣ջأ
Īӻһ˵꣬Ҫеĵҩ׻ȥ̫񹬵ĵҩȻãǶĪȴûʲôãĪҲûбҪ̰ĶԷһŵҩ
Īӻûüѵҩ׻ȥ̫񹬵ĵ˵ŵҩѲƴǣÿһһߵ˴ˣ̫񹬶һ𵤣ǰ̫񹬺һλͶµĹأžǣòϣȵΪٸһЩܹ̤̫ǣŵҩܹһЩæ
̫񹬵ĵ˵꣬ҲĪӼƴǣת߻̫ڡ
ԷˣĪӾŵҩȻתȥ
Ҫ̫ǱȽѣҪߣѹȴһڼţĪûöã˳ʱֵ
طʧĪһһظĸоڵķԾ˼֣ڿתָš
ڷָĹ֮УĪͻȻоԼЩ쳣׼ȷ˵ӦԼϨ̫ǹˮƺĪЩ仯
Īӽ̯֮УһɫǹˮƯͬһ貵ɫʯһ㣬΢΢ɢɫĹâ
һǹˮƺûʲô⣬ĪȴоԼǹˮͨϨ˽ڵ̫һǹˮԼ뿪Ƭʱѹ֮󣬾ȻʼԼֵ̫âԼҲоκһ˿ĳ֮⡣
ֱ仯ȻǹˮӦеĪҲ̾ͷˡ
еһǹˮĪ˫Ŀ֮ɫĹâͬʱʶҲȫ֪еı仯
Īӵϸ۲£Լһǹˮڣȷһ˿̫ǵһ̫ɢĹâ
ֻǳ΢Ҳ̫ȶĪӰǹˮ֮һǹˮ֮в䲢ûмӾ磬ǻؿʼɢˡ
̶ʱ䣬һԭЩͬǹˮֳ׵Ļָ̫ɢҲûʲôӦˡ
֮޾Ȥı仯Īӿ֮һλָǹˮȴһ˿â


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һǹˮı仯һַǳɺ֮µĲʱҲȽ϶̶̵̣ʱ֮УĪȴоջ
ǹˮͨһֱĪӷǳǿĻֶΣʹǹˮ˶ԵУֿܹߡ
ĪΪĲߣǹˮҲڲϵͨھĪȴʼûͣ
һǹˮ֮жݵı仯ĪӷǳʱĲˣ仯ʱǳĶݣĪûа취׵Ľֱ仯̽ݵĹ۲죬Ī˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
һǹˮջأĪӸоԼһ̫̫ŴԣˣطõĥԼɾڸһȻ֮ϲ
ڣҲֻ̫ǵԱߣûȥ̫Ǳߣ֪ȥǲǻʲôջ
뵽Ī΢΢Цһ£ܹջѾܺˣǻ̫Ǳͬջ񣬾Щ̰Ĳˡ
Ѹ񣬵һ̫ǣܹߵ̫񹬵ĸǰһ̫񹬵𵤣ǺԵĪЩʱһִĶС
ˣӦú֮ǰλͬһˣֻղţоҪ׽һЩ
ĪҲ֪ܿ˶ԷʲôطĿǸһͿ˴λ˵ò
һòȽˣΪɾڣŴ粢ûʲôĵطĪӵĵһӡȴĪӺ͸оһȽаˡ
ְǶԷ߰ǶԷԼȽţڶʵһֽ
ĪӣղŶлѳ㣡˶ԷĪһص
ؿֻǾõʵӦòǿЩ̫Ϥ̫̫ŴΧԳһ¶ѡ˵
˵֮䣬ĽŲ΢΢ǰ˼ÿһ̤оͺǰƬʱЩĵشÿһܹ߳Զ֮䣬Īӵǰ
Īӿǰλˣ֪ԷԼǰҪԼύһʲôĿģȻֱӹˡ
ղ̫ǽӽʱΧЩɣһɶûѡԼİ˴кǶЩ䲻̫ÿ͵ӡ
λߵĪǰ֮ҲûԼĿģֱӿżɽ˵ѸղŻһ𵤣ҹ۵ģӦˮľ֮ڵ̫ƺҲѾѽˣˣ𵤵Ӧò̫Ҫܷ񽻻ң
ԭΪ𵤣ɿڣĪӶʱȻ֪˶ԷԭԭΪԼе𵤡
Ÿոյֵ𵤣ĪӵûŵҩҪԵ̫Īӵǹˮܹ̫ͬ𣬸òŵҩ˵ǰɺڵҪĪҲȫܹ⡣
ԷģӦþǻ֮صĵˣ̫ǵΧõ֮õеطǰ̫ϡ
̫ǵı鲼̫ڲſֲ¶ȣֻнɾϵǿߣܹ̫ǱʱͣɾµʿҪһ㣬ǾͲòˣ𵤾Ƿǳõ
Ϊڴﵽɾ֮ǰл֮صĵʿܹ̫У˵һļеĻᣬȻ취ȡĻᡣ
뵽Īóǿ𵤣ǰ˵ŵҩµȷû̫ôֻǲ֪Ըúȡ
Īǿűھ֮е𵤣վǰĿɨһΧȻ¶һ˿ЦݣĪ˵ɷĪƲȥҵĵ̸̸
Ȼû⣡Īӵͷ˵
Է˼Ҫ˵ĻǱȽҪģҪطĪҲһЩģ뿴Է׻óʲôõϵĶĪӲһ¡
λɣĪӺܿĵڲԶһ΢Сǳϡ
λɵĵ֮ĪĴһ£΢СǳϴطûôãһЩû̫ǿֶΡ
λڽĪ뵽Լĵ֮󣬲û˵ԼҪʲôǸĪӽ̫̫ŴΧ
ĪȻ֪ԷڶȦӻΪĻ̵棬ڶԷ˵ݣĪҲĸȤģԾͺĵԷ˵š
̫̫Ŵǣ˵ҪҪӽŴǣһ׵飬ڽӽʱѾһ㡣
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ע⵽Էͣ٣Ī֪ԷӦҪԼļˡ
΢΢ͣһ֮λɾڵĸ֣˵̫ǵΧ̫һʱ򣬲ȴû̫ǲϴĳȣڵˮľ֮˵Ϳָţ׵Ľӽ̫ǣңȥ̫ǣ˵ܵõһô
̫̫𣬶л֮˵һ֮Ӧ̫ǣͬҲ̫ˮܹõԵѵбض棡
λɻ˵ٴͣĿעĪӵı顣
Էٴͣ£ĪҲϵʵԣҪҽľ̫ˮ
Īôʣҡҡͷ˵Ҫ͵ѽģ̫ˮҲйء
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˵֮󣬽еȱǰһݣдİգĪӦûԼ
ǰ˵ô࣬ǰĪӲʶĪ̫ǵıӦǸûдеɢޣҳɵʱӦòҪʱ˽Ķ֪Ľ֪֮ȱӦûѡ񽻻İɡ
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Īھڴ̫Ǹ̫ǣŤ˹յķзʽ·
̫ǵԱ뿪ĪڷеķǳСģΪ֮ǰλɵĿУ˽⵽˸̫̫Ŵ֮Ҳ֪˴ǱصΣա
̫̫ŴǵΧΣҪ棬һΧʿȻ˴˶˸ԵΧĦǳеģеʱ򣬶ԷܻƣӶһս
һΣգŴм䣬ΪŴǸԵʱӰʱŤش
һôͻʱŤ֮УҪܲף廹壬һЩ˲СƬʱŤĵش֮С
鷳ǣƪʱŤĵشһ̶λãǻƶλõģȻѾʱŤش֮е˻Ҳᱻһƶλá
ĪӻͦλɵĽܵģȻĻԼһ֮£п̤ƬʱŤĵش֮Уʱ˵֮ǡ
ϣ̫ܹ֮˳õ̫ˮĪһǰ·һ߿һۣԼϵȱ壬а
λɾĸĹ֮ĪӾ̶̫ǣĿĵȻΪ̫ˮ
Ϊˮľ֮ʿĪӵȻû˵̫ˮĴǿǺ̫ͬһεıˮ֮ʿ˵Զʤһɲıÿ˶õ
ֻ̫̫ˮҪϡһЩͥżЩӦ൱ޣǹӦҪͥϵĵطŪ̫ˮȫһ顣
ּıĪӵȻҲҪŪ֣ĪӲԼܹǸҲûǸʱ䣬ȥȴμȻлᣬǾͱ뵽̫ȥõ̫ˮ
ֻҪܹŪ̫ˮֻһεķԼ鱦Ԫ«УƾԪ«ܣǾȡ֮֮ߵ̫ˮ
ĪŤ˹յķзʽڷһξ֮󣬸оǰ̫ǣԼѾԽԽˣ֪Լ̫ѾԶˣвɵðһ
Լ㲻̫Ǹϵ̫ǣм䲢ûκεΣգ廹ʱŤĵشûм
һͬʱĪӲûиԼľ֮ģΪ̫ǵΧ̫һģĲ룬̫ߵʿܻҪ̫ǸһЩϾ̫ǲ̫ȣʿȽӦߡ
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ĪϸĴһڹâ֮е̫ɹһͬɵĹĴڹâ֮У·̺بŲأͬʱҲɢһֺ̫ЩƣֶһЩΪУһ֮ĵϡ
һ̫ɹĪֽעŵϣ˿̣ˣڶѾҪӽ̫ǵıˣȵ̫ǵ̫ɹŮɣ̫ѰʲôͬѾ̫ǵޣҲʲô
λˣҲڲɼ̫ˮɣĪ
̫̫ͬˮ˵Ҫϡкܶ࣬Ϊԭص̫ǣҲܹҵ̫ˮģĪվһȥ̫Ҳ̫ˮټ
ڵ̫Ǳ֮λ˵ĶֻܿһģĴţ֪Ǹĸƶÿ˵ĶЩˣĪţ˵ĿģӦþѰ̫ˮ
ֹһ֮ȴﵽ̫Ǳ̫ɹĵӣѾʼ̫ϷˣԷٵ뿪ʱѹ֮ĪӷǳĿ̫ɹŮǿεȱ壬Լõǿһģһ
ԷϵǿȱϣѾĲƣҲʧȥ˹ڶԷ̤ʱѹ֮ǿεȱ棬ڿٵӣգ֮䣬ֱ˷ĩ
һԼղŵʱλ̫ɹŮɲŸոյ̫Ǳ棬Է̫ǵı棬ʱһңĪӾԼеȴȱ壬Լ೤ʱ䡣
λ̫ɹŮɳ֮󲻾ãҲˣͬҲһƵȱ塣
˳ֻ֮ʣˣҲû̫ϴãҲ󷵻ˡ
ֻǺǰλЩͬλ˷صʱĪӿΧΧȥܵ˵ߣѯʲôֻǿЦŰڰ֣ΧЩ˲Щʧɢ


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ЩɢˣĪӴܹЩΪʲôȥӦþʸղŻλˣûеõ̫ˮ
֮Ψȥʵˣûȥǰԭǰλ˵ݡ
һ̫ɹĵӣǵõ̫ˮ֮󣬵ȻԼУ̫ǵԱߣһλ̫ɹĵӣǾȥͶԷҲʵļ롣
һޣܹõ̫ˮҲǾԼãȸˣ֮ΨһϣģǸˣƺЩʧλ˵ıƺûеõ̫ˮֻ˵õ̫ˮֻԼһöѡ
ֲ֮ǰλҽʱȻôһѵ̵棬Ȼȱҽԭȱ壬ֶĿȻܴ󣡡λˣĪˣΪʲô֮ǰԼλˣںԼ֮ǰôĵĸԼһ̫̫ŴΧ¡
ԭԷǵԼʶҲΪõȱ壬ζһܹõ̫ˮԵʡ
뵽һ㣬ĪҲû̫⣬ϾλڽʱҲûԼֻ֤Ҫõȱ壬һܹõ̫ˮֻ
ǰЩѾɢȥĪӾͿٿ£˹ȥλ˿̫ǵһж֮ĪӲȴҪǰõ̫ˮȻ뿪صúõıչһʱ䣬ԼΪͻɾڣȻúõһһá
Īߵ̫ǰʱѹĵشʱΧЩˣעƿˣֻôȼˣע⵽ߵƬʱѹشĪӡ
Ī̧룬ͬʱطֳʱ˸Ŀ䵽ϣ˶û뵽ոλ˴̫뿪Ȼѡ˿̫ǡ
Īӱֳط࣬Լ֮ĵϣ˵Ŀʱ΢΢һ¡
ĪӵطǾܹжϳĪߵĵ·ʲôȻ֮ĵ֮УҲܱȽĸоĪӶڵǳ̣ȻΪϸоһֻҪڵѾˣΪһԼһЩ顣
ط࣬ĪӽŲٵǰͬʱϸӦϵѹ
ĪӸо̫̫ŴΧʱ򣬱˴֮󣬵΢һЩġ
̫Χʱʱļѹлǿʱһ̶ֹĸоϣֳãЩʱ侲ֹ
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ʱ򣬶ܹͨط֮ԿģĪӾ̫Ǳߵĳˢϴ˵ѹн̫ߣǰٶҪ̫Ǳ߸죬ûֳ֮еϮš
̫ǵĹâҫϣĪӸоһֱƺʱĹøһЩ˼ŵĸд
ԽԽصѹĪӽŲȽһǰЩעĪӵˣԽԽӽ̫ǱĪӣһЩ˫۶΢΢Щ
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һЩ˵ڴ֮УĪڶѹ̫ǵı档
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ĪӿٵĵĵһĿʱȱó˵һƣҵĿ꣬ҵ̫ˮһˮԪ«Ѿˡ
ĪӵϣֱûйˮٶȵһĿ㣬ɲԼ֮ĪӸϵĿ괦ʱ򣬿ǰһСɫ¹⣬ʵһˮΣĪ˲¶һĨЦݡ
ȻĪûм̫ˮǰյ伮֮еǰˮӦþĪҪҵ̫ˮ
Īóһƿ̽Ҫ̫ˮƿ֮Уƿûа취װ̫ˮ߽ӴֱǻഩȫӰƷ
һĻĪӣǳ׵ķˣȫȷǰһСţԼеĿģ̫ˮ


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̫ˮãɫ¹⣬ʵ꣬ͨ޷أǼƹƿҲܳΪɼ̫ˮ
ԿԼƿûа취ʢװ̫ˮʱĪӾѾ׵ȷǰһС̫ˮȷ
ܹ̫ˮһЩƵķ⣬ʵ򵥵İ취Ǿ͵ȡģ̫ȡһʯ΢ıһ״ܹΪ̫ˮ
ȻĪģòְ취е鱦Ԫ«ûʲôˮװ˵ġ
Ī̯ԼƣٵȡԪ«ȻǰһС̫ˮ«֮У¶һĨЦݡ
һС̫ˮԪ«֮Уǰ̫ǵĿľˣȻһظĸоȱ廹һʣµʱ䣬Īӿֱԭ·أֻȥĵط鿴һ£˵ջ
ĪӼûпǣͺԥѡ˼̫ϣ֪̽鵽ط
ʣµЩʱУĪӻܹջҲȫģ̫ˮֱԼܹõϣ˽Ҳܹȡٺö
ȱϵڶƺܿˣĪӸоϳܵѹˣͬʱ̫Ǵֱ֮УҲоǿһЩ
һƳ֮ǰĪӳֵİסʱ䣬Լٶȣȥ̽ҵһС̫ˮ
һСŵ̫ˮĪûԪ«֮Уѡ˵ţΪ֪ȵԼصʱЩɣԻΧѯһ£ʱһ̫ˮĪӾͿԽ佻׳ȥһЩԼҪĶ
ˣĪ̽һԼ֪λúһɫˮΣ俴һۣĪӾ;Ҫ뿪̫ˡ
Ȼƻûг֣ǽı֮УѾҪԼ˼άоҪĳ̶ˣƣҲϿҪˣûбҪټôһʱ䡣
Ųǰ̤һĪ뿪̫ǵı棬ƶһ̣ǿȱϣĸ˳ͬʱȱı棬¹һĹâҲ׵ʧˡ
ĪܹоֻʣһտǣΪ֣ƺֻҪ΢΢һ£ͻ᳹׵
Īû˿⣬֮ǰѾλ̫ɹŮ䲼Ƶȱ飬ȻҲϵԼ飬Ҳֻͬ³ʹѾˡ
ٵ뿪ʱֵ򣬵Īϵѹʧһ̣ȱ壬ҲϵֱӻΪĩʧ
ûĪӶ࿴һۣһֱעЩˣʱѾΧ
λѣ֪ɵõ̫ˮǵѵõ㹻ԼʹãܹһЩķܷ½裬ұضᾡ㣡һɾʿΧ̬ȷǳϿҵĶĪ˵
ԷΪɾڣĪע⵽еһĨ֮ɫĿģҪΪ˵õ̫ˮ
λɿ֮ΧļҲ׷׿ڣȻǼһΧǴڿ˵ʱ򣬲ûĪӸоңǺòϾˣΪһ׵ʧ̬
ĪĿɨһȦΧˣ΢΢һŵһԼڵλ˵
ҵȷõһЩ̫ˮ࣬ȴԼãʣһЩ֪Ҫ٣
Īӵ仰λ¶ϲɫڴ˵صȴãһԸ⽻һЩ̫ˮˡ
費࣬ʮӣ֪кҪ󣿡ϴһЩϲɫ˻ܹסԼ̬
һԸ⽻ģȷһõ£ǶԷ̫ݣʵģ̫ˮºҲûʲôԵ֡
ֻڴĪĶҪ飬ܹΧ֮ڣܹ˳õ̫ˮˡ
ʮΣĿû⣬Ŀǰû̫ҪĶҲûʲôҪȥұȽϲֵ伮ߵʲôǳʺҵĶɲģҾͺ͵ѽĪ΢΢ĳһ£Ȼ˵
Ī˵λɶʱЩûʲôرҪĶûа취Խϲøֵ伮ͬҲһΪѵ顣
ﵽԪɾϣÿеĵ伮̫࣬ϾܹԪɾǿõĵ伮ʮ֮
˵еĵ伮³֮⣬ҲһЩȽƽĲϽ֮ĵ伮зǳĶ
ʺĪӵĶɲģ⵹˵һ
ĪӸղŵطҲˣˮľ֮ʺĪõɲģǻܹҳһЩ
ΧǼλˣĪҲûбܻǣͬ˵Լ裬Ȼ͵ȴó
ջһ̫ˮŶʮεӣ϶ûа취˵ģܹ׵ģҲֻЩ֮еһ˶ѣջӦԼ⡣
ܿ죬ó˶ҪĪӽһóĶĪӺԥľͬˣΪԷóģȻһСľ
ⶫĪһͥкò׽һڣ㽫ʱļҵͿգЧǷǳãĪҲϸоһΪīȵǿȣĪӶҪԼˡ
ھȻٻһľĪȻŹֶԼõĶ
һСڶľĪһλõĲСһĵ̫ˮ
һλͷ֮󣬽ˣҲͷ׷óԼĶһЩĪӿϵģʣµĴ඼Ƿǳɲ֮ࡣ
Īڴĸֵ伮ȴǼûУóģҲֻǶĪ˵ȫûʲôֵĵ伮
׺ܿͽˣգĪһС̫ˮȻûȫȥʣҵȻЩ˻ǺҪòκܹĪӵĶˣֻ˵Щ̫óҲó
׽Ī׼Ҫߵʱ򣬵һĪ˵λˣȴڽסĪӡ
Īתͷʱλ΢һЩ֮ɫȻĪӴѸղ˵ϲֵ伮вû̫˵ĵ伮֪ĵ伮ѸвȤ
ԷĻĪϸ˶ԷһۣϵһĨ֮ɫ֪Էν伮ʲô⣬ЩߵĶŻı֣ղڽʱ򣬶ԷӦóˡ
ѲóȻ֪Էν伮ЩģĪӵȷһЩȤ
ѪҹصʱսеõһЩĵ伮ȻдģĶǳļѣĪھһĶ֮󣬻ǻһЩУͽһ֮
ԣöԷóмֵĻĪҲΪԼĺ򵥡


ٰʮ 伮Ƭ
ĪѾ׼ˣҪΪԼĺ򵥵ʱ򣬸ղſ˵λˣʱȴ΢ЩĥˣѾ˵ȥˣĪҲ˷ӦʱܵðѶóûҲĪӿһۡ
Ī֮⣬Ա߻û뿪ļλˣʱҲȴѶóͬʱЩ˻һЩ˼
óЩ伮ĪѡµĻͬһЩ伮ĪǲҲͬ£
ţǾͿղ˵λˣҧҧ˳
ĪӿԷóĶĿɨһۣȻŲصԷϣŶԷ˵ѣںҿЦ𣿡
ҲĪӻô˵ʵǶԷóЩν伮Щ̫ˡ
伮ҲͰˣλóĶвƵ򣬱˺ѵƤƵƬбƬ
ЩҪǳ伮ҲЩǣǿһЩĲƬһܹжȡʲô
ĪӺǰλ˸ղŽԼľٶϾ̫ˮʮңղŴԼлȡûдﵽ֣鼱֮£ЩһԵ˼Ҳ޿ɺǣóĶô˰ɣ
Īô˵˵ɫƽѾóˣҲûʲô˼ģҪģ˵Ѷļֵܷ򶯵Īˡ
֣óЩȻں͵ѿЦЩȻƲ̫̫ΧһʱĵѣŶٶѼһЩûмֵĻҵҲͲѼЩˣ˸Ͻ͵
һ˵꣬еЩ֮УһõĲƬȻĪ˵Щĵ伮صݣЩ伮ĲƣѾ޷ԭˣʣµЩȴܻôһ۰צݣܹдȻ΢һЩֶλȡ
һ˵ţץеǿƬϣʱһ⣬֮УеǿƬϣȻһ㵭ĵϣԼֳһЩֺͼ
һĻĪӣɫ΢΢滺һЩԷôһܣԷеЩȷǻһЩãֻһ۰צݣҲֻ˵൱ļˡ
λ˿Ī΢滺һЩɫȴһЩתֳȴ˵
ҲҪ̫СЩƬˣЩУ̫еʿеĻŵĹҲǺѷɫ
ҹ۵ӦҲɢ޳Ӧ֪ҵɢ֮࣬ɾ֮ǰһãܹͨɾĹֻҪһЩۣ·ŪģǽɾĹǲͲܹŪˣ
ŵĴУȻҵܹ󼰵ģЩĵ伮ͳҵƹһ·мλǿߣͨЩѾƵ伮ɹ˹̤ɾģ
λɽıȽʵǵ£ܵؽԼеЩ伮ĲƬ˵꾡˵ҪӶܹɹڴĪӵУһЩ̫ˮ
˵Щ֮ĪӾ֪ԷеЩ伮ƬûжԷ˵ôãܹκ˶вһЩҲȷǶЩȤˡ
£ĪӴӶԷнӹһƬƬǰϸĴ
ùƬƬһƬƵƬʮа˾ĵ伮ƬĪӼǵõѪҹصʱλǰԼʱһŹǴĹ֮ݻġ
֣ĪӲûʲôоеƬҲҪоʲô֣Īע˷ֻܸ֮о䱻һ΢ϣһЩֵĲͼ
ϸϸظݷǳ΢ĵϣĪӵ΢ĸһ˿ĵ伮Ǵ̫伮ǽΪԼĶģ΢ĵϣֱܹеһЩͬ
Īⷬλû˿Ĵߴ٣óһƤƬָ˵뿴Щ伮Уּ¼Ƥϵ֣Ȼ˵ͬЩƲϸĴĦһδܹһЩеƬӦҲܹܵһЩĵϡ
Щļֵȷ󣬵ǲƬ࣬˴˻֮£Ҳпܴճ䣬ЩļֵҲ̫ߣǵԸĻļλѣҲṱ׳һЩĵ伮Ƭ
һ˵꣬˵Ŀ⿴һԱߵļλˣȻֽĿתصĪӵϡ
ĪӷеĲƬЦſһλˣȻֿԱ߷ǳ⶯ļλˡ
λʼԼˣ˼ǷǳĻҺܶøԼĶ
û̫ԼЩãھʵǵĻϣǾҲԱˣʹ˴Īӵļʡ
ĪӸоǰλû·Ǽ˰ټ֮һ̼ңҲܹһΪ
Աߵļλˣԭʹ˼λ˵Ŀ֮Ҳ˳ˮ۵ģóһЩ伮ĲƬ
ĪӱȽǣЩóĲƬȫʼ˵λˣóĲƬҪһЩһóģȫһ伮
ĪЩĿУλó伮ڵλʱҲߵʿսĴ࣬Ի۵ĵ伮Щ٣ʱͱȽϳˣʱ䳤֮£ܵõһЩЩĵ伮
еⲿĵ伮Ȼûа취ȫĿеһݣٻҸеЩջҲǵе̫ˮ̫ҲŽóˣ
Ще伮ƬĪվԼʣ̫ˮЩ伮ĲƬȻǷļֵҪһЩĪӻһЩĶ
ڽЩ伮ĲƬ֮ڳЩˣһ̾뿪ˣƺĪӷһ㡣
˿뿪ıӰĪֿ˿ѾԼеЩ伮ĲƬ
˵̫ˮЩǷĵ伮֮⣬ĲƬ϶ǲģ̫ˮĪ˵ֻҪһΣľͲ̫ˡ
ĪҲȷǶЩȤôõĵԸĴУĻģĪӶҪΪԼȤ򵥡
ܺĪӽ֮ЩˣһЩ˿ĪӱȽϳԿʵҲȷˣǧͷãϲȤĶ͸һֵ
ĿˣȻɣջЩ伮ĲƬĪ̫̫ŴԱߵĿҲˣĪҲ׼ͣ׼ֱӷ죬ԼΪ


ٰʮ ػ
һ̫̫ԣĪӱǳһʱ棬̽һ£ûд೤ʱ䣬õ̫ˮĿģҲֻǡѡ
̫̫Ŵǵ̽ĪӻԼĿģһεջҲĪӾ⡣
ĪӾãԼ̫̫Ŵԣʱ˵Щ磬Ϊɾˣ̫ɹ̫ŵʿ֮⣬ʣµЩʿɾڵľӶࡣ
ЩĿģǰŷ̯һЩʿѹҪĿʵΪͻơ
ЩɾڵʿҪ̫̫ŴǣԼܹӽӽɾ磬ϾΪɾǿߣͬ٣ÿһɾڵʿɵ¡
ȻһǳļѣЩҲֻϣԼܹɾֱܹƾ̫̫Ŵǵ⣬ֱǴﵽɾ硣
ĪʱѹѹȷǶɾڵʿΪĽԼΪǵɾڵʱģĪӸоԼҲҪͣһ¡
ڵΪֻɾڣһνӽŴǵ飬ʱҪټķʽĥԼط࣬ٽԼڵ
Ī׼뿪ˣպȵԼɾڵʱĪҲͻƽɾͷôҲǸʱͣһʱ䡣
飬һЩ˲Ŀ֮УĪӺԥ뿪ˡ
̫̫ŴǽӽʱȽѣҪ뿪ʱȱǱȽϼ򵥵ģĿռ˿Ӱ쵽Ҫ뿪ˣĪ뿪ʱ򣬲ҪŤ˹յķʽС
ڵһ߶֮ĪظоһƬռ䣬ǾǾλá
ǿ֮ͣһ£ţĪٴɫĹâΧĿռһŤȻ˲ʧǿ֮С
һϤĿռ任֮кĪӸоǰľһ䣬Ȼǿ֮У͵ӵޱƺ졣
ˣŽµޱƺĪغһһ
˿̵죬ʱֵҹ̫Ѿû̫У¹£ͬʱҲںҹľס
ĪӸող뿪̫ǣʱ̧ͷͷ£ͻȻĪӸо˼˿̵£ԼУƺ벻ôңԶˣǸúܽҸӵʵС
ȥ̫ϲɻ̫ˮôûʵУţĪȻһЦоԼһ̽һ¡
ջĿ⣬ĪӿһΧʶʲôطʵֻĵζô׼סģҪеģҪ˵ĻҪȷλĲ㡣
Ȼ֪ԼںδĪȴܹӦԼĵʲôطԾֱԼķȥ
̫ûʱĪѾصԼĵ
ǰյ죬Ȼ󣬵ȴ֮ϣĪϵĵһҲ֮ϺʱĵطѾ΢һС
λصϵʱ䲻ȴǳҪΪһƷ飬ͬĪ˵ҲһԵΪһƷʱݻعתԼĵϣԼΪǰ̤һ󲽡
ټ̫̫ŴǴջĪӽֻҪչһʱ䣬ܹ̤ܿɾˡ
ػŸյ󷨣ĪӾͽϤĵС
Ī뿪ʱ䲻ãԵвûʲô仯Ҳֻе֮еֲøïʢһЩ֮еһЩҩʱһֳˡ
ߵʱ򣬻ڻЩڴѾôһٲ֣ڵæµĵ֮дһĨ
ĿǼڻϣĪִһ⣬ЩȫѣʱһſŰľȫ˫ۣӶ֦ɴ˳ȻĪӵ⣬Ĵбøˡ
Īû̫ЩֱԼķȥȻոջϲûʲôƣ֮УҲҪúõϢֱӾͿԿʼԼ
Ϊɾ֮ĪӽҪ黹ܶ࣬һˣ̫̫ŴΧջĪӾãԼΪͻ֮󣬱ҪúõĲһ¡
صԼķУһȻɣԺеǿð΢һЩҶӣСԺһĨ⡣
ĪֱӽԼķ䣬Ϳʼʶط࣬ԼһεջԼΪ
ת֮䣬ʱȥˡʵһǳĵطޱ޼ʵƺƯڿеյ죬˵ĸоֵĻ֮УԾͻ˸оʱٷǳĻˣոһյľ£Ҳһ¾õĸо
ĪвûʲôѣʶҲ࣬һ£ҲŴţıչأ˳ĵΪͻƵʱȻȻĽܲɵǣĪӵıչأı˴ˡ
Īӵĵ⣬ǰĵһֲεŭ
Īӣ֪Ѿˣң
ԼķĪӣͻȻ̾ͱˡ
֮Īӣûȥüͷ档
ͻȻĵ⣬ⱾһЩ飬Ͼһμʱ򣬶ԷǱ̲ȫκεĹϵôͻȻԼˡ
ҲͰˣղǾ仰ŭ⣬ĪģԷ˵ʱҲ˿һ鷳ӡ
ĪӿɲǵԼʲôʱʾͲֻ࣬ȼѣʵûʲôطõġ
ĪӣǱܶǽվݹҲˣ
Ī˼ţȴٴδ˽֮еŭ⣬Ī֪ԲڿЦԼȥĻԷԻĶֵġ
վĪӻ߳˷䣬׼ȥʿԼǵ˶ԷöԷôŭɶɱ֮˵Ĳ
֮߳ĪӽŲǰ˼Ȼÿһľ룬ȴǼΪңԶռ·ĪӵĽ²Сһ㣬ֻǰ˼Ѿ߳˵
һ߳ĪӾͿһŭݵ̿ڶŶԷʵѣΪһŭɶģҵĵ⣬ƺûʲôطѰɣ
ŭվĪ߳˵ĪӵĻеŭȴоʢˣֱӿĪ˵
ĪӣҪװͿ֪Ӵϸոջӵ飬ҾͲ㲻֪飬Ҫҽն


ٰʮ 
ӣӢңǳʲôˣĻĪʵ
ܶԷ鷳ʲôԭܵýһȸһᣬô˵˾ͺãԼйأҲҪԼ֪
ĪӾãʮа˾һᣬϾԼλصϣûмҺͷӢˣѹûǳʲô£ҲԺԼ޹ذ
ĪӿɲΪһᣬǰһԷһλɾڵޣһЩ˳ɾ£֮еǿߣԲһ򵥵Ĵ꣬ǶԷʵѧʵԲ򵥡
ߣװͿĪӣЦһȻĿøӱ䣬ĪӼڵ
ãȻװͿҾͰˣҵӺİȥһζµĵӵãȻҵӹˡ
ԭһҪ׼ɴֵңھȻˣҪµĵӣһţһֱɶµķӢҲȻĵӴţʦˣʦ˱Ť
ոմӴϻЩ飬㲻ң㶼֪ɣ
ĪĻ̾ðһˣǾɡ
Լ֮ǰɸոոԼҪŻڴ֮ǰѾһЩصж
˵մӣĪӾãɹƻó
ӣΪڴ磬֮ϲֵһᣬڴϣǾܹΪСŵŵˡ
ҪŻΪҲֻ񾳽ѣȻѾһЩڵжǸԼҪŻЩǰڵжѾΪˣӢˣܿıȥæˡ
û뵽Ȼǰɱ˸Ī΢ЩЦ
Ȼ֪ô£Ī̬ȾͱøӺһ㣬ǰ˵˵ҵȷǲ֪ģһλͽλȥʱҪŻԼһţҺͷӢˣӦǺһɣ
֪ˣǾ͸ɣԣɫԻȻĪ˵
֪ҪĽĪӼʵ
µĸһЩΪҺͷӢʦԼҪҲ޿ɺǣĪӲһˣȻǰɱ˸ΪҲҪģ׼
鱾Ͳ޷Ǿµӵ£µȥ飬Ҳһ֡
Īӵ뷨飬ֻҪµĵӲǱƭˣȥͶԷۣοһڵӡ
ãȻˣҪȥҵӴµӣ佻Ҵã˵
ŴԣĪüͷҪô˵ǾЩ̫ͱˣµӴмֿܣ˵ԼµĵӽãЩˣ
Īü˵˵ӦǲӦ
ѣһС£ѺαҪ£ĪЩͳ˵
񣬵Ҳɾڵ޵ȷǳĪҲǺöԸģ˭˭ӮĲһ
ĪӸоǰ΢Щ֣Է֮ǰԼЫ˿ԼӽɽȴΪôһرص飬ĵܵԼĵ⣬һڵ̬ƺʱ׼˺Լ֡
ƾһ㣬ĪӾ͸о΢ЩԾܹĸоȷܷŭݷŭԼģ͸ˡ
Īӻһ䣬ɫڳ׵
Ȼ֮ȭսһ̣ڿ֮һϣһǿԵϢȻ֮ΧĿռ˲䶼Ϊ֮ЩŤµޱƺ֮УͻȻ֮һն
ȭԥĪһȭӳȭͷǰӳһ̣ǰĿռУƬռ·ȭͷĪƶݺݵĪӡ
ȭһ̣ĪӾ֪Է׼ˣԺԥķųľԪ飬˷̬ͬʱīȳУǰȥ
ĪӵīȺȭͷûֱײһ𣬵Űٲ֮Զľ룬֮Ŀռ䣬ڻһ֮·ŤȻ󷢳һƵը·ޱƺʼӿ
һ֮һ㣬ֱӾͳĪӣϸˣĪӳȥĹ֮УһֽýĸоͬʱԼ͸¶һַ·ѹŵС
ƣ
һȣѾĪӵǰȭͷһشݺݵٴĪӡ
һȭͷĪߵͬһʸеĹâϣĪͷľԪ鶼Ļζһ¡
һȭһֻҲͬȭٴκݺݵ£ͬʱıԼ֮һ棬һ齸ʯں֮УƾİȴǿȻľ
֮˫ȭٶȻӿˣ续֮еľΣ˫ȭԴԴϵˮһľԪķϣĪͷľԪζĸˡ
ĪеīͬʱҲϣʱȴ֮еĽʯһ㣬ƾĪӵĹǿҲǿȻȻϵķŹ
ڶԷĹ֮£ĪӸоԼľԪķƺҲԼ̫ãʱ䣬Լķͻᱻ飬ȻԷȭͷҵķѡ
ϵģĪֱʩչԼСͨһӰ֮УȻû˿ֵͣ˼ڶĪҵĹ˿ԼѾĪСͨķΧ
ʩչСͨĪӣƺܲ˵Ĺ֮£ȴʧǰֱӺ˾롣
Īһˣȴǰûֵͣ˼ĽŲǰһ̤ϳһ⣬ɽ鱩һ㣬һֿ񱩵̬ٴĪӳȥ˼ԼĪӵСͨܵһ̶ȵѹơ
һ壬ȻκβСͨΧеĪӣĪֻһ˲ͿԶ㿪Ĺ
ڶι֮ĪӿּȴоԷЩԾˡ
˵սԲ٣֪£ŻƣԲôçײ׷Լ򣬿ڵƫƫôçײ
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ʵûܵӰ죬Ī֮ǰûк֣ҲûмԷ֣һЩжˡ
һĪӶ˼ι֮ƺ΢ָһЩǣû׷ĪӴ򣬶ͣԭأԭŭݵӣҲԵ滺һЩ


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ͣԭأݱ滺һЩĪҲͣȴŶԷı仯
ֻվһϵϢƺָ侲Ƭ֮
Īѣֶΰɣյ飬һʱûпסڴ˸ˣ
ע⵽ԼĳƺڿһЩϵϢҲƽˣƺǻָĪеȻûŶԷҲĶԷˣթ
ղź֣ȻûȫǶʵĪѾһŵĹ϶ûа취׼ȷж϶ԷʵĪӾãȫ֣ԼԱǵģ
ȻܹԱĪӵȻûʲôµģڶ鱦Ԫ«£ĪӾƷѣԵȻûʲôµġ
һĪӾջԼСͨͷľԪ飬âҲ΢ðһЩȻͣͷתš
ĪͷľԪ飬ȻĪ¶һǸЦݣ΢΢һ
ʵڱǸΪһС£ûпסŭ𣬾Ȼܵ鷳ˣõ飬Բסˣ
ϴǸĪڿȷϣԷǻָˣֻԷ˼ӵ飬ĶԼЩ
Īûоһ㣬ֱӿʵʲô⣬⵽˰㣬Ҫæ֮
Ҳ⵽ʲô㣬֮ˣȷΪĹϵҲʲô⣬ҵΪʱһЩܵһЩӰ죡ԣڽ͵
ǲĪӶ򽻵ģǳ˽飬ĪӴ򽻵ҲˣöĪӽһ£ͻȻܵ˼ҵ⣬ΪһС¾ʹֵԭɣ
ΪµܵӰ죿ĪĽͣһӡԼˣת֮䣬ĪӾ뵽һܡ
ո֮ϵʱȥĵһطǣǵǸĪһλŵӣԷһλɾڣʵϽɾʿ
ʱĪӺཻʱ򣬶Է͸߹ĪӣҪͻƽɾ磬Ҫ桱һأľбȽϴ
ʱŭɶӣһԲϾͶֵ̬˵ԼΪΪŻЩֵľٶĪӾˣԷӦþھ桱һء
һ㣬Ī¶һĨЦݣͷԭˣھһأǻùϲˣ
Īô˵һĨɫѾ׼Ҫһˣû뵽ոտ˵һԭĪӾ֪ΪĽ׶Ρ
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Ҫ֪ÿһˣԴ֮·ʼһһӡΪ־ֵĿ飬ǵļᶨ֮ˣľĲȽϴӦҲܹѿסԼû뵽ʵԼϵʱȴԼô¶
Īԣ˵ѽȻҵĵҲһֱ˵һΣһ£⻹һأкΰܹþһصˣʱľʧصΣգȻ룬ѷĻ
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״֪̫ƴǣҲĵ̾һ߽֮Īӵĵ֮С
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ĪкԺ֮£ȻóһЩд÷
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һҪѶȣߵľкܴǰ׼ҲеԳ֣һС£ͻ޴صǣʱ򣬱ʵǺѵģ֪Լʲôǻᱻͷԣ
ͬҽĪѣ֪ӵ鲢ǷǳأǻоԲŻ´ʱ˿ĪѣŭҪٴζĪѶֵĳ嶯
˵ִ֮ȡһö÷Ȼڿҧһڣ̬ԵΪƽ
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ͷѵ£ʧأһçײ飬ǷǳΣյΪ
뽫ı׻Īӵϻᷢʲô£
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ЩĪӸоһأһĽ׶Σ


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ڹâת֮УԵõط࣬ƺڲϵıʵһĴڸС
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ʶط֮кĪƾطİܹĸоصĹת֮еˮľ֮Լٴĵϡ
ָоȻûΪһƷʱֵعôĪƽʱʱ򣬸оֽ˲١
״̬£ĪڵٴοٵоԼһЩʱ䣬ܹ׵ˮľ֮͸ٵĴ
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ĪʶڶԴĲ֮УͬʱϵϢڻȶĲǣǵٶĪǰÿһͻƣϢƺЩٶȣĪϵϢҲܿͿԽɾڵż
ĪϢż֮ϢûͣԻȶķʽ
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ڵĪӣȫûа취ע⵽һ㣬ʶط֮УȫȫعԼϡ
ĪӸоԼһֱˮľ֮ⷽתĹԼǰѾǰеһչԼǰȻһЩ룬Ѿ㹻÷ǳУķǳ͸
ٵĴĪҲ÷ǳһоôչǰе֮ȫԸʰȡһоô򵥣
ĪӲϵĹУطҲڲϵıʵչֳĵϣҲø
ĪҪԼĵ׵ĲյʱͻȻ֮䣬Ԫ֮еԪ«΢΢һһӵĪӵʶ֮У˲ѹ
һ˲䣬ĪȻ˫ۣͷϷط࣬Ҳ˫۵һʧ
գ˫۵ĵһʱ䣬Ī³֣ͬʱһɺµ
ڸղΪͻƵʱ򣬸оعЩĵչǰĪӼȫȫĲţԼڲ֪䣬ʶѾȫûע⵽
Ԫ«İĪʶ֪ʲôʱŻѹĽ֣ǳʧУԪʶȫ֮Уʣһŵǡ


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ԼĪӣҲû߳Լķ䣬£ͿʼйԼΪ
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ôͬʱĪӷųʶķ̽飬ܿ죬ĪɫͱΪʶ֮̽УĵΧһȺΧеں֡


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Щ˿ܲѰģпģΪѰĻ泵սҲô淨սķʽ̫ˡ
һΧˣȻĪܹԿǻֵģȻǼҲĶ֣ƺЩ˵ûóԵѹ׵ֶΡ
Ҳˣλ˵ĹӲĴλ˵ķȴû˵ԷһȻķŶԷ˵һߡ
ڽֵĻʱӦóʤ׷¿żιҲӦýԷնɱǷϵŷս߼
΢۲һ֮ĪԽ϶ЩˣԲǱ˴˳ӵĹϵڵĽҲĽ֣ǳԭ
һˣĪаһȻ׼ת뿪
Ȼûʲô¶Ҳרܹˣֱ뿪ͺá
ĪӸ뿪һתͷȴԼߣȻϢĶһˡ
ǿߣӦԷϴѹĪ˲֪ϢԼԵģȻһλǿߡ
ǰλɣһλټŮ޽ɣȻǷǳ˵ĸоǶׯ󷽣Īӵһ۾;ãǰλǿߣӦƢǰ
ĪӣǰλǿߣĪ̶ŶԷһ
ɿĪӣ΢΢ĵͷ˵ضǸоֵ߽ĶԲŸϹİɣ
ǵģĵﲻ̫Զղƺ֮ѰϣӦڽ֣Ծ͸ϹĪʵʵĻش
㲻صģԱΧЩˣһЩѣһЩͥʿʵڰΪڵΪڽɾǰĻ׶Σľܴ󣬸⺢ӵľľĲϵı֣ŭһΪͻ
ľĲһֱѹԼѽ⣬õķʽǷйսõķй
ÿһʱ䣬Ǳ߶ᷢһս㲻̫ģҲ鿴
ЩŮ޽ɿܾãĪӺĽӦòԳڵģŻôΧܹģͱȽϸĸĪӽһ¡
һ˵֮λŮ޽´һĪӣȻٴο˵ΪҲѾɾڣΪɾڣҪһصʱ˵ʱҲһĴҪС֡
лǰָ㣬ˣȻ£Ͳǰ£͸ˣĪӷǳò˵
ȥɣһΰʱ㵽ʱҲһɣ֮ǰ⸽˵ʱӦڱչأûյͥѶϢڼȻˣһҲһæɣĪ׼֮λɾŮֶĪ˵һ䣬Īԭ͵뷨ˡ
飬ͥ٣ĪΪͥһԱĲþܾϾѾʮûнܹͥˡ
ףٴйһ֮Ī뿪


پʮ 
һʱģװ׵һˣԼһ¶Ī΢Щơ
һ¶ҲȫûջĪ֪ˣͥЩھʿǷǳŴģһķΧڣܵذЩʿ
ʵҲЩھʿŽɾǰеģܲܳΪɣѾ·ˣ˼ʵһʮһٸһܹΪǿߣҲһʻͶˡ
ͥȡĴʽĪӿǱȽЧģ״̬ȫһαŭͷԣԼֵʱַǳçײĹʽˣǺĽ֣ҶҪ顣
صԼĵУĪһԼջΪ£Īջɲ֮࣬ĵջ˲١
Χƺ֮УĪӲûȫ̽ȴû̫˼ˣֻܵԼ´Ȥʱ򣬼ƺһ£ûʲôջ
ĪӲ֪λŮ޽ʲôʱԼȻصԼĵǸеͲͣ£ҪɵһѣʱĪ˵Ƿǳġ
ΪɾڣĪԼеɱֿԺúõļһˣҪĵٵʱ䣬̫ˮ֮ĶĪҲҪʱúõĲһ£һԼǹˮͨһܺʱ顣
黹һѣĪӸоԼʱ仹ͦŵġ
»صԼĵ֮Īӳ֮⣬ʼĵһݣǹˮ̫ǵʱΪ̫ԭ䡣
ʱʱ䲻ȴĪӼʱˣ̵ʱڣʶ̽˱仯ԭϸĸ˱仯ЧЩĵġ
ĪӵΧĿС͵ĸյ֮Уһ鵺ϣμһƬϹ֮С
ƬϹԴͷĪһɢҫ۹âǹˮ
ĪƽʹǹˮͨʱһǹˮųϹҲǳûôȫȫһ壬âΧɢȥԶĪӵ壬С͵ĸյ죬ɫĹâ׵ˡ
ҫ۵Ĺâ֮УĪ˫һֱĶԼһǹˮȫҫ۵Ĺâ˫ۿģֻһǹˮ
֮еһǹˮ˿Īӵڲϵ䶯ţڷһЩ仯Ϊֱ仯ĪеһǹˮǳĲȶԭѾǳҫ۵ĹâƺڱøҫۣɢɫâԼ͸¶һֳȵĸоͷ·̫Ĺâһ
âȴﵽһ̶ȵʱĪͻȻ䷢ԼСͨ߳һƬӰĵشֳһƬޱˮԼĲ
еһɫǹˮâȻ֮ﵽһ㣬ȻͺһĪӵʧӰ٣漴âҲʧˡ
ǲУûôǹˮøӲȶˣʼֱ仯Īӿſյƣ֮вֳȸУĬĬ
ոʩչС֮ͨеһǹˮʧҲĪӿٵջˡ
ĪʱһֱоԼӽ̫ǵʱڲһǹˮ䣬Ž仹ԭҸĽܹǹˮ
ʱĪӽȴǲô룬Σ״̬ѻԭ
ÿһһЩĳԣǳΣգղģǳº͵ˣֻǷǳĳȣĪӵĲ£ûֳ󶯾
֮ǰεĳԣҪһθΣգĪоǹˮʱ򣬰ѵصΧĸյϣԼһСģԼĵˡ
һγʧܣĪҲû̫⣬ҲûָԼܹܿľԼĻеЩ⡣
Īվԭ˼Լղų֮еĲ㣬׼ųȴһγԵʱĶУȴһ֮ǰǸɾŮޡ
ԷںԼԭȻԼһȥæƽһľĲ
ӦԷĴĪȻܼоˣֻܿٵ뿪Լĵķȥ
ȵĪӵʱ򣬿Ѿ˼ڵţмλĪһξͼˣмףλɾŮޣվЩ˵ǰ
Īӵ֮󣬶ԷĪĵ˵ͷȻ˵սǹĿǶ֪ҶԣôҲҪҶǣǺúǣ
ڰЩѣʵҲڰԼպǵ˻׶ΣͥͬҲǣЩھУպܹͻƽɾ磬ҲǸԼһԵ
λɾŮ޻һ˵꣬ξ˵ǰʧûһԡ
ڶԷʧ֮Ⱥ֮һΪͬɾڵˣڽһԼȻҲʶһ£һĵ⡣
һĵ⣬ĪӷѾȴˣĪҲʱüͷ΢΢һ£û˵ʲô
ĪѣҲʶǲҼԵѣȿʼɣ֮ĪӵߣһλЦŶĪӺ˵
ĪԣһͬʱעһˣȻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ȻǹһѵģսӦǱģ˵սĿģֻйһ£˽֣ҲһֺܺõĴٽΪķʽ²ȫҲһЩս顣
һκݵĽ֣ĪӷԼЩ͹ʵһΣĪ׼һСһһﻹŭƽսиԼºݵģ̫ˣ
ľԪĪӵͷɢͬһʸеĹâΧ˵ϣҲʩչ˷ֶΣ˸ղźĪ˵λߵ֮ͬ⣬˶Χ˳һξ롣
ĪӸоԼΧĿռ䣬Щ˿֮󣬶ʱͱøȹˣȻԭվû˿Ԥ׵ľͻȻˡ
ֻһ˲ͳĪӵǰȭǰӳͬʱȭͷϾѾ֮ǰĪӼס
һ˲䣬ĪֻоԼ·һƬ֮Уһڴ֮еĽʯһȭǴ֮ɽĺˣһǿѹȸУ·ҪԼûһ㡣
һȭһ䣬ľԪķϣͬһʸеĹâȻһȭ֮£·һ㣬âɢ䵽Χ֮ɢ
һȭȴֹˣڴͬһʸеĹâ֮󣬲¶ں֮󣬸ӿ񱩵һֱȡĪӵţͷ·ҪĪӵͷ­һ㡣
һ£ΧλŮ޽ɣԱߵУһһȭǶˣǵһʱЩģĪִܷ֮һȭ


پʮ Ҫ
ȻﻹǼǳģ
Χ˺ڰеλŮ޽ΪĪӵĵʱĪȴʱš
ǿ񱩵һȭ˴ƬͬһʸеĹâ󣬾ȻиҵľֱӺԼͷ­ĪֻһͷϷľԪ飬Ϳٵǰ䣬ֱײȭͷϡ
ľԪɱȻʱĪӶǽ䰴շʹõģʵɱһɹصı
˿̣ľԪķ֮ɱչֳĹ
ȭͷľԪϣһ˲䣬û˿ײ𣬵ȭͷľԪ֮Ŀռ䣬Է΢Ť⻹Χȹ̿ռ¡
ĪпٵȡīȣīȣĪӾǰһ㡣
һΣīȵĶˣûгϢ⾳Ũľ֮ĵϣȡ֮һֻҺɫͷ·ڤ֮еڤ֮ͬʱһĵϡ
Īӵһû䵽ϣΪٽһ̣˵ΣͬһˣɿĶ㿪īȵĹΪ˶㿪Ӳسλ˵Ĺ
һֱĪڶԵеʱ򣬺ʹ֮ĵϹⲢãǸ˶Եеϰ⡣
൱Ķ֣ĪӾҪһЩø˳ֵķʽսԼĶ֣òԼǿЩóҲûãòϣ֮ĵϣԵеЧǺܲģԸӲסλ˵ĹҲԸĪӵһ
ѡ˺ˣĪȴû׵öԷôԼĹ
֮ľԪٵķɻصĪӵͷеīȣĪӸźԶľ룬ǰһȻһιֱ˿ռľ룬ֱӳϡ
īȴУӳͬҲܿ죬ˮɫĹâϵƣͬһƬ󺣣еĹ䵽ϣᱻƬûܹһЩҲƽīȵĹҲ⡣
һĻĪӣһ£֪޹ԷڵֶΣ޹ԲǳĿᡣ
ֿٵӡĪӻһľɹ⣬ֱӴȻʱȴٴչֳԼǿƣֻǻȭǰӲشĪӷĿľɹ⣬ҸĪĳһơ
ĪͬһʸеĹâڶԷһ֮£ٴ΢Ļζһ£žͻָĪȻٵı任ӡַ˻ˮǧɷ
ĳһ֮󣬸ҪĪӷ͸оԼѾĪӽĹˡ
ΧѾ֮ˮ飬εذУ֮ǰЩˮξͿٵ˾£
ΪһɾڵޣܹӲĪһǿɷԲԴУĪӵĹ֮С
µĲӿٵŲоͺͻȻһ㣬ˮοپ£ʱڼ֮Уô㿪Щ£ˮΣżܻʵڶ㲻ģҲ߻ûа취ϡ
˵λ˵Ĺûѡʱ򹥻
λ˺һ˹Ŀģģսֻǰķ
ǺΧ˶оǣλĪѵӣƺҪĸоǻѹ
˵ʵҲڳЩ΢е̾
Ϊһɾڵޣʵǵ֮УϾǿߣ֮ͬУսǺܰμһ
λĪѵΪֻɾڣΪǲһƺչֳʵҲȷ˸еǰһ
ĪڿûйЩĻˮǧɷѾǵڶα˶㿪ˣֶ㿪ķʽĪӶ޵ǿµʶ
ɷ㿪ˣĪӽĹûͣ£ľɹ֮ĪеīٴεǰһϢĵϣһŨ֮
һûѡܣϿջ˸ԲȻǰ㣬˫һһһ㣬ݺݵǰ䡣
һȻ֮УĪӸодһɾ޴еīһЩòȣֱֵ䣬˵ֱ۶Щۡ
ΧЩˣϵķһ˲伸ȫ⵽˹ԭȹ̿ռ䣬ҲһУҵĻζһ¡
һ֮ȫûͣ٣ȻǰīȲĪӵУ׵˫֣һȭȭĪӣٴδһʸаĹâ
ֻһΣҪƿľԪķͲô׵ˣͬһʸеĹâľԪתĹбһͷųԴԴϣϢûа취ڶʱڽƿ
ƲľԪķĪȴܹ϶ղַɳīл
īȻһɫĹâХĪӷҲͬʱģīȹʱҲֻúˡ
ȻˣĪһֻסīȣһֲֻΪָȻǰ
һǳĽɫǳ֮Īӵָǳ֮УЯһϢ⾳ͷ·Ǵǵǳ֮
һٶȺܿ죬ûܹ㿪һֱӱǳ֮УȻεɳȥ
ŷɳȥĪסҪʤ׷뷨ΪҲԼսģйһ¡
뵽һ㣬Īǲɵ΢΢˳飬Ӧãæİɣ
ΧЩˣڰеλɾŮ޿ɳȥһȴ̲סĿͶĪӡ
Īӵʵ΢΢һ£ǣλĪѵ֪֪ǸʲôģֻλĪѺʵг˿ô
ôŵʱ򣬱ɳȥʱҲסΣ·ɻص˸ղŵսУĿ⿴Īӣûټ֡
ʱҲĿ䵽ϣϲûʲôˣҲԷһЩܹ˵ĪֻзִģȻҲΪΪޣȽǿԵʣͨɹѾ͸ˡ
һԼеŭ𣬿Ī˵лĪѺ͸λǰξ͵ɣҸоѾйĲˣٴȥ¾ҪĶˣ
˵仰ĪܹоԼѹŵŭ⣬ǼȥĻݱĽ֡
仰˵֮󣬶ΧһȻѸٵĻصԼĵûٺĪ˵ʲô
ȵ뿪֮λɾŮϢĳĪӵԣĪ֮ǰŮ޽ɱĪ˵
ʵܹӮãһЩͬﵽ˻һصʿҲһȥæɣģǾԻսʹ죡
ĪԷĻܴӶԷĻһ˿ƣɲ˵һܾĻɾŮ޾ֱסһ˿ռ֮С
ˣҪˣĪӱռ֮ǰһ̵뷨


پʮ ͻȻͷ
лĪѣʮҴʹһպϾǿٴһ߱˴۵һһյ⣬һλֳųལüĿǳӢĪ˵
ԷĻĪ΢ЦŶԷһ˵պϾһţһμѣܾǵͻƽɾʱˣ
ĪѼԣǳٴζĪһȻǳתȥ
ŶԷ뿪ĪԼߴﲢûʲô쳣Ҳǳս֮ĪԼ޸ģʱǻصԼһ֮ǰǱղŵλˣһĽ˵ġ
ԼѾ޸˿ڣĪԺоͻԼʱľһʱ䣬Ī֮ϺսƵߵʱˡ
˵ѪҹصʱĪҲûƵʵսһµʱ䣬ҪôںսҪôȥս·ϣֱĪӻΪһսˣȻǱ͵ġ
ĪҲһµʱ֪ԭ֮УȻôɾڵʿڻĽ׶ΣͬʱЩʿУȻ֮ǿߡ
˼ţλĪӵŮ޽ɣͻȻ֮ĪӵԣϴЦݿĪ˵
һˣһҲˣԻȥˣ
ǰ࣬Ϊһµʱ䣬ҵôΪڻ׶εɣһʵôǿĪתͷԵŮ޽˵
һµʱ䣬ҲͶԷˣ֪λŮ޽ɵ֣Ҳ֪Է˶ԴԼԭ
ͺԷ֮ǰһǱԷˣԭȻΪ
λŮ޽ɣȻϵǳĪӺսһ֮ŻĪҪССĽѵһ¡
ʵ׼ȷ˵֮ͥеŮɣ˴֮ĹϵϾŮɵֻŮ޵ĴţֲͥߵŮһ棬ͥЩŮƽ;һһۣиʲôҲụһ¡
ò֣ΪľĪ˵Ҳкôģֻս֮гһͷԭġ
û뵽ǣĪʵǺǿսҲǳķḻһµʱ֮Уսĸ֣Щ˵£Ȼһܼ
±˴֮佻ֵʱֵģҲһܹ쵽ģοĪڵʵֻǸոͻɾڲãûдﵽɾڡ
ڿһС£ܹһʵף˵ĪЩͨɣһս
Ҫ˱˻ԣһľԼĺôҲ֪ȥ֮úóһ£Ϊܽ٣ʶЩǱɾˣҲһֺô˹ϵ˲٣ΪҲһһ˵ȽŮޣΪɵʱҲ̫Ľǿ˵ĪɣܹһЩģĪں˵ʱ΢ĿһЩЦ
Ȼ⿪ЦҲ޶ȵģһЩ˴ŵСЦ˼ұϾһλɾǿߡ
Ļ֮ĪӶһȻûٶ˵ʲô
˵һľĪ˵Ҳкôġ
˸ղ˵ЩôĪʱ䣬ҲУССһЩ֪ȡ
Щɾڣھ׶εʶպұ˴Ҫ򽻵ǵȻҲ˲١
Īһ֮ٴο˵ﵽĵЩԶԼȥĻҪһЩʱ䣬·˵Щ飬Ҿһ̣
һ䣬ĪӾ͸оԼ߿ռһãȻָоԼӱһѣӾͺȻӸ߿׹ˣ΢һ֮סԼΡ
תͷһѾټתͷԶǾԼһµĵ
΢΢ҡҡͷĪӾȽϸл񣬵Щ㲻ףԷһ£ǻڸֻǺԼ˴ŵЦ
صԼĵУһкԼߵʱһҲûù
ĪƵĻصԼСԺ䣬ǿŰ£ȻֻԼһֹЩˡ
ͥɣţһЩСųˣԼһЩɢˣͺһЩһͬɵġ
Ī֮ǰˣһЩɢˣһУֹЩŵĵӣһЩСŵĿ֮档
мɢ޳ģҲֶηǳǿѾԿɣȴû뷨ˡ
Щ˽֣ÿ˵ʵǲףĪǵĽ֮Удջ
ԴǿɱֶΣĪӴ۽磬ͬʱҲܵһսĳ졣
ÿһ˶Īӡ̣ӡΪ̣һλСŵĿ֮һս
λСŵĿ֮棬Īһֵ֮У㲻ģȥһЩ֮ΪЩ֮е׵ĴڣΪһλ֮棬ȻԼֶεġ
ĪκεĶ֣һ¶ģҲҺΪϰߣںλ˽ֵʱûгԿ
ԷûʲôǿɷɱܹøġģܹõκζͨĵķʽǿԼʹʩչɷֶΣȵӣֱȽֶΣĪ˺ӡ
ǰøոսֹһ֣ΪһŵĵӣԷȻһλޣһʵĪӸо̫һڳĽ
ߴԷ˵һһΪļ˾
һ˵ֶΣĪóһ򣬽ԼЩֶΣ¼֮УȻպá
Ŀ¼֮ĪֿʼԼңһµʱ䣬·Ĺ֮УĪ·ҲջһЩϣĪ뿴ЩǷʸһͼˡ
ϸһĪӷչĲƺһұĪӲһʺϵĲϣϾʲôãʹá
ϱԼԤ֮вһ㣬ĪھѡҪôȥѼʵĲϣҪô滻һ£ıһԼ뷨ȻеĲΪƳһͼ
Ī΢˼һ£Ȼѡߣͼ׼ʱõģеЩƳԼտʼ׼ƵͼЩ룬Чʲô
Ǿͽԭ׼һЩ󷨵Ĺֶȫȫһ󷨣һЩƵı仯㹻ˣܹ󷨵ķЧһЩĪԺпٵ˼ҪЩƵ󷨣ȻԴðһЩǰǸ磬񻰴˵֮󷨵ֺЧҪԼƵͼȡһʵ֡
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӶ΢΢ͣһ£ΪԺðһ󷨵֣󷨵ֽ


پʮ չ˳
ĪӴûǣԼͷһѵλߣʱ֮һλ鴦ͬһεĶߡ
֮ǰĪӰĪӵĳŵнĪӱλʱ֮鷳еݡ
ɼˣĪȻһֲĸоǷǳʵҲһλóʱ֮飬һҪԼֵĻܹס
ĳŵĪ˵ֻǵһرգİȫĪӾԼҪıգиܹȫԼֶΣԼиʱɳ
Īԭһִ㣬ȵΪﵽ˽ɾ磬Ͷ֮ͥУܵشһλߵƤ£ƤҲҪԼһЩɳʱ䡣
ڣĪֶһ뷨
ƾԼΪ˽ɾ磬ҲһλߵĶ֣οԷǴ֮еĶ֡
֣Ҳκβ˶ԷҲֻʱıסԼܹѹλʱ֮ģֻ컯
ĪûҲûб½ӴЩ컯棬һЩ취ĪȴδûпܣƶһּĪ뵽İ취ͼ
Īڴϵʱ򣬱ҵ佫ΪдԵʹþ֮һ֮ӵӶչֳǿʵ
ƾ佫˾£ǷǳǿģЩʿڶģʵܹɵĳ̶ȡ
Īӵǰ񻰴˵֮һ󷨣ͬҲǾ֮Ī뵽󷨵ֵʱͻȻ룬Լܲ磬ƳһЧͼԼɹĻô˵ԼͷϵǸ鷳ĻᱻԼӭж⡣
뵽һ㣬ĪӸоԺܴΪ󷨣ʵѾһοǾǿ֮еʱǰ򽻽紦һõ󷨡
Ǹ󷨵֮ǳΪ󣬽ǳչ󷨵ԴΪοĪԺ֮Ѿճһ󷨵ĳΡ
Ȼ˵󷨣ܻҪĺܶľղпܳɹƳҲףԼҪ͸һ鷳ˣֻҪͼԼϵ鷳ľӭжˡ
ĪӶҪԼͼ֮ûа취ȥۼôˣͼֻҪͼɣȻȥ飬ʣµһ鶼Ҫܡ
Լ֮ǿŰ£Īϸ˼ãһֱ˴ʱ䣬ȵĪӵƽ׵侲֮ǾпΪ
򽻽紦Ǹ͵ΪοֻҪҵһЩҪӦò󡣡
ͼĲҲ̫⣬ԼûУҲûѼֻҪĻʻ飬ʲôϵǾͻҽ
֮󷢶󷨵֣ҲҪģȻֻܹһͼ֮󣬿ܾͲԼܹյˣҵĿҲҪͼҪλʱ֮鷳ܽͼ֮Է׵Ĵɱ뽫شϾûǧշĵ
ǿðµĪӣеͷϵתţĿҲԽԽȷˡ
һ󷨣ҲƳһͼΨһʵʱ⣬ĪƳһͼҪʱ󷨣ͼҪʱ佫ԼҪ̶ֳȡ
Ͼͼļ֮ûа취֣֮еĽƣķȫֻͬԼ
ˣһҪע飬ĪյľͼԼһرգҪƳһͼףأǲȫУֻԼҳĻ·
ƳһǰһͼһʱҲƾڵĪӣ֮ϵ裬΢ôһҪݳʵ󷨣Ҫ˵ĵһ⡣
֮УĪӾѾճ̣ûаȫľͶ뵽ÿһʱ䣬רһ飬˵ʣµʱ䣬ǾǺƽһԼǹˮʱ̫Ǵ䡣
ÿһʱʱ䣬Ī˵û̫Ӱ죬ֻ΢һЩԼʱ䣬ľͶ뵽֮С
Ǹոձ֮Խһʱ䣬ĪӶûܵκεĴţĵһʱ䡣
˴Լһʱ䣬ĪΪССĽһ㣬󷨵ݣȲţͬʱҲԼ裬ǲԪ顷Īó飬Ȼоࡣ
ΨһЩ̫õľǣĪӶǹˮĲ̫˳
Ѿģ̫ǵʱǹˮ֮з䣬ҲҪĶֱ仯ǹˮûʲôĪҪͨ䣬һԼǹˮ
Ŵ֮Īһʱ֮ҲЩ޲ߣû뵽ĺʰ취ʱ䣬ĽĿŲûټоǹˮ䣬תʼо˴̫ϵõ̫ˮ
Ϊһֶɲģ̫ˮĪӵõľһ֮ͥڹӦֻ֣Ҫһ֣̾ͻᱻ˻ȡߣֶɲģκε߶ܹõõ
˵̫ˮãĿݣͿҪôˣ֮ãǶǱȽϳ;֪ģ֮⣬̫ˮһЩϣԷӳָЧ
ͱ˵ٵĻһأĪӼһɲݱ֯ɵĲϯܹȶģݵԻһء
̫ˮһЩϣͬҲܹȶģܹϴԪԪͨ͸
޶ԣһЩϣһЩ̫ˮܹǿǣͬҲҪ̫ˮҲܹ̫ˮеĳֻ֮Ҫõ̫ˮǱضõģٲҲԽ׸á
Īоǹˮ䣬һʱ֮ûʲôչĿŵ̫ˮϵʱȴܿȡ˽չ
̫ˮĪӵǹˮȻԼһ˿ϣĪڲ̫ˮĹУˮ֮򣬺ܿˡ
ĪЩãԼǲһʼ͸˷򣬲ӦȲǹˮ䣬ֱ̫ˮ֮ѰС
ĪͷͬʱϣĪӵֵĵطһȺվԶԶĿ˫֮еľ֮ɫոյɢȥ
ڸղţЩĿһα˶֣ЩУһЩڼʮǰӰأĪӵʱֵĳ棬лŵʱ𺳸С
ոǳ֣Ǹоƺ¾˼ʮǰĪӶֵʱֳ棬ͬôֱֲڷѾˣȻе𺳡
÷һλųɼʮʱ䣬Ҫڲ֮һλˣ÷ۣ˲ѽǱߵĳһĴɢ˵
ĻΧЩ˶еͷΪԷ˵ǵ


پʮ ̫ˮ
̫ˮȻȻԣֲϡ٣Īӵ֮У˿̵߷ŴССٸȻЩвɵķĸ̾
ʱĪӿʼ̫ˮǸоջ񣬲ڵһЩٽΪĽҶǹˮҲѾһЩüĿ
һĪ˵Ĳĺ£ǾԪ«е̫ˮĲγһԪ«УѾʮߵһЩ
ûλԼԪ«ʱ֮ĪӶһԻеǳϲãΪⲻԼˣһԼͬʱԼΪҲһЩ
λʱ֮鷳֮ǰĪԪ«еγɵԽ죬ĴͻԽΣգһԪ«ﵽ˶ԷҪô˵Էͻǰ֡
ԭĪھѹԪ«ݻʱ䣬Ϊ˲̫ˮʹԪ«ĴȽ϶࣬ĲԪ«ʹе̫ˮо͵µʮߵôˡ
һڲǺڴĺ£ĪĿǰ̫ˮջȴȫܹתע⡣
ĪĿɨһߵĴССٸȻеһһʹƿڴĽ̾һŵɫˮŴƮ˳
ĪССϰٸУ£ܹ֪װĶ̫ˮһĶһŵɫˮŵȻҲ⡣
ͨװص̫ˮڲӽĲ֮Ծͻȵļܹ΢װء
ֻǸݲӵĲϵĲֳֻͬһЩͬԣȻܹͨʢŵ˵ġ
һŵɫˮţĪӲӽˮγɵģ֮еĶ̫ˮˮһγɵˮţ״̬΢Щ֡
ԭˮ̺ǳ֮Ǵһַǳ񱩵״̬µģǲӽ̫ˮֿ֮񱩵ǳ֮׵ƽˣĪܹоǰɫˮţûмΪӽ̫ˮԵʣʹøǿˡ
Īӿǰɫˮţʶ䳹׵֣ϸϸظ֪еһб仯һС̫ˮˮı仯ܿȻˡ
ܿ죬Īüͷ΢΢ΪоһСŵɫˮţɫƺı䵭ҲС
ţ̫ˮʧò˶ãһŵɫˮɫͻָˮɫ
һĪӽһŵɫˮװ֮Уýסƿڣ֤ӷȻĿֿЩ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ĪӶ̫ˮоͲвСջԺЩССڲĹ֮Уй۲죬ֲϺ̫ˮлϵĲ
ʱĲ򣬺ϰٴεĲ飬Īӵ̫ˮǳԣĪӾãԼΪ˽ɾ֮Լ˵ܹһ̫ͨˮ
뵽Ī΢΢Լ°ͣ黹ͦиͷģϾ̫ˮֲϣ̫ôˡ
Īлʱ̫ˮ̫ˮеĹЧ֮⣬еȵģ̫ˮеǿԡ
˵еĲ϶ܹ̫ˮںϣǾĲϣ̫ܺˮڣһЩȻݣҲܹ˴ϣӳصĹЧ
ڸղŹ۲̫ˮˮں֮ĪӶڽ̫ˮǹˮ飬Ѿ˸ġ
һ䣬ĪЩССȫЩɶ̫ˮģдܹЧĵҩãĪԼȻòϣԺǵˣӦܹõϡ
Ҳ֪ڻ۵ˣûдﵽɻֵĳ̶ȣ뵽ԼĵӣĪо͹Ƕֵˡ
ǰһʱʱƾ֮ĸӦĪԼ֮ôһϸ΢ĸоԼĵǣӦѾʼˡ
ĪͨԼͻɾ֮õ֮ĸоһεõһַǳ޵Ϣݡ
ĪӲ֪ɾǿߣ᲻ԼΪɾڣܹ֮ͨĸооԼص˺£Ĵ䶯
ĪӵĲ²⣬ɣӦòԼõһ޵Ϣ
ĪӻΪԭҲܼ򵥣֮ǰͨЩΪ˻һص˽֣Щ̤ɾˣǵԪҲûԼǿ
Ī֮ġԪˮ¼ĪͬΪϵƣѾԽԽˣԪǿȱͬɾʿ˵Ҫǿ˲١
ƸĺôѾڷ涼ֳˣĪΪļֵĸԡ
ϾֶһʼеģǾһۻγԽĺ蹵
Щ֮ĪתԼĵȥѾͷһʱˣĪӴȥһͥһԼһ£ҲȥͥһЩ伮
̫̫ŴǴɻõһ伮Ƭлһ伮ϧǲ伮ġ
ĵ伮ĻĪӻ΢ĶһЩϾڴϵʱ򣬽ӴⷽĶĵ伮ĪӾĶˣ֣ĪӽӴķǳ١
Щ֣ͥжܹҵĿǰģҪѧϰѣĪӴȥѧϰһ£˳ٲһЩ֮ĵ伮һԼ裬ݳԼ󷨡
Լĵ֮гĪӾֱ˵ķȥм·ĵʱĪɨһۣû̫⣬ΪûʲôֿԿ
һ·ϻһЩʱ䣬ĪӲٴͥڶĪӴѾϤˣһͥһһۣǱ߰ϵ˵ʱĪ̹ŶԷһ
һߣϴһɳĺ֮Īһʱ򣬴Ϥһͥա
һμ棬λ͸ĪӵĸоӲһЩϵֳĺ֮ҲˣȴоҲˡ
Īʱֻ΢΢ĪӰ˰֣ʾĪӲҪȥͬʱҲĪӵĶС
ǵڶˣ˼ҾͲϤˣҪȥʲôطԼȥûʲôµĻͱˣҵÿûµСһ
ЩϵĴĪӴԭҪȥ˼ͬʱͻȻЩףΪʲôͥеЩˣȴûкк
ܴѾϰλ͵磬Ҳܿÿһιϳĺ֮ԽصգҶĴ


پʮ  
ĪӲ֪ͣ׻ܹãǿԷԽԽصĳĺ֮ջһ죬Լͥʱ򣬻ῴģ
ЩͥˣҲλȽģΪǽһͥ͡
̾һĪҲûа취ıʲôֻԼ飬ȥԼһͥĿġ
ĪĵطѶɵҪ˽Ϣ֣ﶼٶĿģĪĺ˽һ£Լصʱ䣬ַ֮һЩʲô顣
߽ѶɵУĪʶȥǿ赣ȻһĻѰԼҪϢ
ܿ죬ĪӾͱеסˡ
صʱ䣬ȷһЩ·һ飬ǹΪһƷ飬ʸ͹ʾ顣
Īӻ֮ǰͱֵķǳĵ͵ΪһƷ֮󣬲ûдĵʾԼĽĪӻص֮󣬹ΪһƷϢҲһƽƶ״̬֮У徳ڵ֪
Ӱ죬Ҳƽƽ״̬֮УһЩͬƽȵķʽ֮УΨһܵӰȽϴģڵڶʳڤͥһˡ
ڤͥһʱ䣬ȻЩùĪӻʱһ飬רŵڤͥ飬ĺ˵ʳ顣
ܵʳ鵣ҪڲìܣİڤͥеһЩѹûа취Щ飬ֹͣڤͥԡ
ڤе⣬ûзرֵע飬ֻǻʳ־һµ뷷⣬ͬʱǱߣĴȡһЩơ
Ϣ˲رע⣬ĪϢȽģûʲôĻԼʦ÷Ѿһ뷷ĻᣬλһƷΪһλƷ顣
΢΢һĨЦ⣬ĪӼ鿴Ϣ
ǿ֮УʱȽϰ֣ǰһʱʧȽϴ壬ʱͱñȽˣѾĦȻģ󣬵ÿһζ
ƺַʽ壬һʧʵҲȻǲСģٴϻʲôô
ƺǿǿ̬壬ԵñȽϰֵ壬ǸҪעģΪĪӽϢ֮Уһڱ߽紦ļλɣһ֪ٵϢ
߾ļλɻɣ֮Уʱнɺڵǿߣͻƴߡ
ϢûеõȷϣܹѶɵУѾ˵Ϣܿģ߾ĸλҲôģһЩɵϢ
ϸһ룬ĵ̣нɺڵǿߣ˴ߵżʲôֵģµĴڵҲԽΪʲôʱô֡
ЩϢ֮⣬ʣµϢһЩˣĪӻǱȽĵİһ£ſʼֵݡ
Ī֮ǰоҳЩصֻ֮ǿٵĺԼ֪ĶԱһ£ҳһЩԼûյݣȻͿٵĽ仮ˣעֱͶ뵽ϡ
֣һַǳɫ֣ʻ˵ĸоͺһЩˣȻֱʹȥģмûͣ٣Щ
֣һЩѧߵĿУˮģġ
ֽзԭһЩоֵѧ߶ʽĲ²⣬һΪģˮ˵ĲһΪģƬĽṹ
ĪϸĶԱѧϰһ£ֻĲǺܺѧƵʲĲߣȫǲͬ˼ֱĺܼѣҲЩоֵ˷ǳģԲܴЩĲҵ֮ͬ
ĪΪɾǿߣЩ¼ҲѣͬʱҲȫԼļƫ
壬־ҪһЩˡ
γɵʱ䣬ܲ磬ƿЩ飬ȴһ֮һΪǣرȽ֣Ҳⷽɫ
֣ĪӵĸоǳģȴǶǣڲѧϰ±Ϸǳѡ
Ī֮ǰԼоʱ²֣ܾ̥ڷģǷĵļ򻯣ڿ֮ĪӷֻԼĲࡣ
֣ȷ̥ڷģֺͷĲͬϾҪһöģڸ˵ΪҪģҪñ˿Ϊ׼ȷĴϢġ
֣Ǽ򻯹˷ģΪ˼򻯺γ֣ǽһָӵķĲֳ򵥵ķģ־ͽһּ򻯵ӵķʽγһִϢ֡
һĶҪǰݣܹһ仰Ϣ
֣ĪҲֻͬƾԼɾǿԼԺС
¼Щ֮ĪӾת뿪ѶɵҪҵ󷨷ĵ伮ҲģҪȥɵ
뿪ѶɵĪӣǰܹ׵伮ĵط˰ʱҵʱ䣬ѡԼҪĶ
˵ĪҪĶܺңʺ֮ĵ伮֮ͥУҲʵ̫ˣֻôܹѡ
ֻ˰ʱʱ䣬Īѡ˶ԼĿǰ΢Щõĵ伮ϵһЩͨɲģԼ̫ˮ
û뵽ôͰˣǽͼͥɣһΪͥһûп꣡ǳ˳ĪڵõԼҪĵ伮֮󣬲ôȥ׼֮ͥתһתԼϴûüĵط
ͥĸֹ٣Īһβûп꣬һͥĽȣĪȥͥĵط˿
֮ǰЩ֮⣬ĪӺּܿ˽ֱȽİĹһɹ
Īȥ˽һ£ɹӦ֮ͥУһˡ
еְܣ˺ܶ£˵һЩ򵥵Ľ֮еСռĹȵȣŲ̫ۣܶ϶õõ
Ƹȵ֮ĹҲиְܣֲ̽ϵԣԼǮ֮ġ
·ƸʱĪԭܲܽȥǮôģϧǲñ˽ȥģҪһһЩǮߵǮֱȥɲĵǱߡ
ԴˣĪӲûǿҲֻǳһʱ棬˼ҲýǾˣûбҪǿнȥԼĺġ
Ī׼ת뿪ʱȴͻȻ䱻һֻץסˣȻһЦ
Ǻǣû뵽ˣã֮ǰҵøһЩôϯӦ֪Ҽûô´μ滹˵С
ͻȻһֻץסĪӵǿٵĻͷû֮ĶΪͥû˻ﶯֵġ
Īӻͷʱ򣬿վԼߵˣ̶ŶԷһͬʱҲЩ⣬ԷȻʶԼ
Īӣ̲ǰ


پʮ ô
ץסĪӵˣȻ򽻽紦̲ҲǴǮ͵Ǯ֮ˡ
Īû뵽λɾĸ֣Ȼ֮ͥסԼº͵ضԼ˵֮仹ᵽϯӦ
ĲƸĪ־öԷǳΪ̲Ƹִߣ˵Ϊ˶Է֮ͥвŻƸ
ĪӹضŶԷһ̲֮ɿĪӵļϴЦݼ˵
㣬ҲܹǮƣҵΪҲ׷ϯӦýͥ㣬øĺô͸ɣ
̲˵ҪĪӺͺôĪʱȴһͷˮɲǵԼλǿ֮ʲôܹﵽԷô˵ЩĪ
ƺǿĪӵɻ̲Ҳûֱӽֻͣʾת߽ĲƸ
Īпٵ˼һ£սŲܿĸȥǲһᣬȥ֮ܿˣһλǿ񣬻ҪԷжϡ
ԭܾĪڵĲƸ̲Ĵ֮Īνȥʱ򣬵Ȼ
һУĪĿ̾ͱеľסˣСĲƸڲĿռ䲻Ϊҷǳ֡
Ƹ룬а׸ߣѾĴ¯ӣΧмʮˣϼʮߵĿܣΧ¯æµš
Щ˻߿ܵУһЩͬĶһЩڴ﷨֮УһЩֱģĪܹ
ĪɨһۣܹϳĶڵһЩ۵ĶǲۣͲ֪ˡ
Щ˻߿ɵĽŵĶϵͶ뵽¯֮УͶ붫ʱĪע⵽ͶĶ࿴ǳķࡣ
ѵǲƸ֮УǮߵǮĵطĪţɶ࿴˼ۡ
¯ӵĺ棬λڵ¯ӵĳڴϵĽһЩǮװ봢﷨֮еʱҲȷˣ¯ӣȷǮ¯ӡ
ֻĪЩ׵ǣ¯ӣֻе¯ӣڴŲǳƷǮǰ¯ӣĹ˵¯һģôֻôһǮ¯ӣǮܷô衣
Ҫ֪ͥǮǿܹͨ塢ҲͬĻңÿĲνǲ󣬾ôһ¯ӣܷ
뵽һ㣬ĪȴܿЦҡҡͷоԼͦģŽһ˲ƸǮ¯ӣﾹȻͲˡ
Ųӿ˼֣ĪӸ̲ĺ棬ܿʹ⴦˴ĺ󷽡
֮ĪӿһƬĿռ䣬ŵһ̣ǰľɽˮȫһƬСռ䡣
ԴˣĪӲûκεľȣɾǿߣֶηǳΪִƲƸ̲ƽʱҪԼĵطһƬԼסıȽĵСռ䵱ʲôģ֮ͥЩнǿɵ棬Ҳ̫ࡣ
ƬСռľ·ǳó̲ƽʱҲĴˣ̲ĪӺܿСռ֮еɽϣ̲Ķ֮С
һһۣĪӵĿͱһˣֱӽ˶Էݡ
µˣ
Ī̲Ķ֮У˾Ǻµˣ˿̵ɷǳң˳ʴǽϣϿƺûκεȴǳ˫֮⣬һҲܶ
ǽϵĺµˣĪͻȻ΢һЩˣΪʲô̲Լˣͺǰĺµйء
ӦúϤˣҪôԭ򣬾ͺйأ˵ɣĪӽгµ˵֣̲ĿǽƲһۣȻֱкĪ¡
лǰˣĪԣ̲һлȻܹصˡ
̲Īӣ΢Цҡҡͷ˵㲻ظеҪôֲǵһˣһЩ
ǵһã
Īӵ̲仰Ժ̻ԼѪҹأǳս֮󣬹ͼԼЩʱԷԼԺлĻԼԼôǰ
£Īվٴζ̲һ񣬡лǰ֮ͣǰ֪λǰղ֪̲ǰм
ѪҹصʱĪӴս֮ĪڹͼһõƷֱǹͼġˮľɾĹһΪܽٵĵҩԼԼľԪʱõĲԴľ
еһҪĪӵʱµĹѫأͼʱҲ˵ˣĸֶĿأĪ֪˭ˡ
Ī֣صӣֱ̲ص£Ȼ˵ˣǵҲֻչһλ󱲣ҸĶҲô󣬾һԴľ˵ͼĶҩѸĵҩĶ
ҲûʧųɶãΪѾﵽ˵زһΣǰһæ
˵̲תͷһǽϵĺµˣȻż˵˵СͨǷǳΣҲ㵱ʱϸģܹһöǮ֮зصֶΣܹ˱м¶Ҳҷ˵Ǯ֮л಻㡣
֮󣬴˸ץסģϯӦ佻еʱ򣬻ⶣһңܴС֮ͨǧͨԷСͨһ˵Ǯպ󾭹ƵĵǮܹǮһ֮ܣôӣ
˵ֱ̲ӷЦϲ֮Ա
ԷӣĪǼΪĽ̲˵ֻҪ֮ĵǮܹܣôĵͳˡ
ɵֻܲǾһߣд컯Ļᣬ½ֻһᣬѾ㹻úܶĴĽˡ
ת֮䣬Ī뵽˶ԷɵҲǳ˳ƾǮøܣ̲Ϊ̤㵽˽ɾ磬ͬ˸ľ衣
̲ĵǮƹ㲻ܿܲǮԭҲĸ岻ٶһǿߵԭ
ǮˣҪڸ˴˵жԵ£˳õǮͬΪһָǮĻңҲһ׵飬˵Ƿǳѡ
Ī뵽һ㣬ȴ˵ôҪۿһ̲֮ĵǮ֪
̲֮ĵǮķǳĺãܹãĳ̶ֳһЩҾƵЧøͬҲûпܣ˵Ǯĺûվ̲ɵܵĴС


پʮ µĵǮ
еһöǮĪϸĶţ۲öǮĲͬߣ̲Цſ˿ûжĪӵĹ۲еͷ
̲ƺĵǮ֮ǰĵǮû̫ĲͬȻǸӣֻɫЩͬ
ԭĵǮûбһЩϵ£һֿհ׵ɫݸ˲ͬϣ֮󣬻ֳͬɫ
ȻֿĵϵķʽĵǮľʵ̫ˣΪ޵ĵͬһЩˮ֮ߵ˱Ƚ϶ĵ·⻹̫ǮļֵɱȽرĵ·ͺӰǮļֵˡ
ңĪҲãԭֵǮĻôˣԸ⻨ʱȥϣý׵ǮˣὫõǮ
еöǮɫȻǰɫһЩİɫŵǮɫĪƺܹ̺ϡ
ӵĪӵĸоҲоϤİĪȥȡһλ˻µĺֵʱѾСռУһЩָо΢ôһ˿ƣȴֽȻͬ
ϸϸ̽һ飬ĪӶµĵǮ΢ܹôһ˿ߣģҲֻƤëѣ̺ڵǮ֮еܹ˵ġ
еöǮ£ĪĿͶһԵ̲͸̫߾Լԣ̲ȫԸԼһ¡
޶ۣǰĵǮȴܶʱȫ͸ܷǰһ£Ī̲ʵ
ĪӵĻִ̲нӹöǮȻЦſڽ͵
ǰĵǮĲ֮ҲģҾͲһһоˡ
ǮΪǮ֮ϵһֽ׻ңܹԪ񾳽ϵǿ֮ͨʵһֱҪ⣬֮ǰһֱûʲôͷµ˵Сͨҽ⣡
һ˵ţֳ̲һöǮδǰĵǮѾ˵ϡ
öǮ̲һŽ⣬ڽİ֮УеöǮĵϺͷɿıʱ򣬲űһ˿
һ˿ǺµСͨ
֮ǰǮ֮һûа취һԵ⣬һöǮܹʺеߣֱܹСͨڵǮ֮УȻͨСͨȡ˵Ϊİ취
ͨСֶͨԼӸı䣬֮ĵǮѾܹһԪǿʹãΨһ⣬ʹõżֻԪϵǿߣССһöǮպȴܶ࣡
˵̲һŽ⣬׵ĽԭöǮͬȫΪУ֮öǮȴƮǰ
̯һööĵǮϵĸ֣£ϰö֮ࡣ
һööССĵǮܹܶ࣬ͱ˵̲һ˵ţһһǰһöǮ
ָöǮ̾Īӷ˹ٶȿڷɹĹУöǮ˻ɵĹâȻͻȻ仯һ̹⣬䵽Īӵϡ
̹䵽ĪӵϣĪֻоһŨľ֮ԼɢȻԼûʲôȴһ
ֻܹ̲һһöǮöǮһߵǽڷȥڷȥĹУöǮһųɫĻ棬˲ɢһɿֲˣȻǽϡ
ǽ𣬻ǺܿʧˣĪ֪ⲢΪ̫ˣΪ֮н̫ǿԵʡ
Żʧˣڿ֮вˣȻܹ˵ղŵһŻ棬Ѿﵽɾӽɾĳ̶ˡ
̲ȻûֻͣһΣûȥһöǮǴݶеĵǮ
Īӿ̲ߵЩǮһ˲ȫʧһ̣ǰȴƺûзʲôЩǮֻƾʧˡ
Īɫȴ˲һ䣬͵һվĿ⿴Χ
ΪĪӲΧĿռڸղŵһ˲䣬ͻȻ֮ͷһЩ仯Ȼʱֻ˶̶һ˲һ˲ı仯ȴ̲ĶռһЩҲղŲԼоˣһ˲Ĵ
ǣܹ𣡡ĪһΣΪ̲֮ĵǮеˡ
ϰöǮȻܹתֻǶ̶һ˲䣬壬ȴκ˶Ϊ֮ľ
ټ֮ǰ̲ʾĪӶĵǮ߱ãѾˡ
Ǯ̲Ѿ㹻ƾǮãøǮҲͬУΪжԵԭһȫȫֵǮڸ֮ƾŵǮЧ̲ΪһΪ߻ûʲôġ
ĪͻȻЩľٶ̲ʱûκεĲ෴ĪѾʾ˵Ǯú󣬾Ȼû̫ķӦǲŻеʧ
ĪӿſռһЩĶ˿ܿƽϢĿ⿴ǰ̲Ǿ֮ɫ
ǰǰˣƾǰ֮ܣò˶ʱգܹɾʹߣĪӶ̲˵仰˵ķģ̲˵ΪѾǰ϶ˣʱţԼ컯ҲԳһ¡
Īⷢĵ̲ȻˣȻ֣ݸĪһСӣĪ˵
Щ֪һҸĺôİãҲҪ֪ҸĺôӦôãҪ˷ˣ
Īӽӹ̲еĴӣѾ³ʲô
ȻڴС֮õȫǵǮǧö
Ҫ٣֮ĵǮʵףǧöǮļֵʵѾǳĸˡ
˵ղŵϰöĵĵǮʵֻ书ЧûĽĵĵĵǮֻöѣ̲˵꣬ЦЦ
ĪԷô˵оЩ⣬ȻžȻˣȻǿߵֶΣԼƤӵ͵컻գҲûԼʲôߡ
ǧöǮȷһʲСĲƸ̲Ѿһж˵ˣĪȴЩ̫˼ݺô
Ҫݺô黹ȥƴһµʱĪԺ֮ͻȻһ⣬װŵǮĴӣ˲Ҫݻȥͷ
ˣĪһ̣һִ̲еõǮ뷨
ڸղһʱĪͻȻʶԼҪƳһЧͼǰЩǮƺǾѵĲϰ


߰ 
û뵽ȺͥΣҪͥһ뷨ûɣ֪һʱܲĽͥĸúõĿһ飡
ͷԼͥĪʱͻȻʶԼûɳ׵һͥ뷨ɵҡͷЦ
ʱѾˣȻΪôһȥֻܽ뷨ѹһˡ
תȥĪֱӻһݹ⣬Լķȥ
һͥĪӵջܴͬʼĿĲȫˣһڲƸ̲Ӵ˾Է֮ĵǮһõһЩ
Ҫǣ̲ͨĵǮĪӱڼƻ֮ƵͼȻǰһ󲽣ڼǮ֮µͼƵѶԼݵѶȶˡ
ӦģǮĽһСҪö
òƿ̫࣬Ϊֱ̲ӸĪǧöǧöǮѾ̲ƵǮ֮Ŀǰ۵һˣɴ˿ɼµĵǮ֮Ҳ̫ס
ĪӴ̲뿪ʱѾԼˣʮҵʱ䣬ĪӰǧöǮ
ЩǮǰģĪӴԵıԼ뷨ָ֮һĴۣ̲ｻġ
ĴۣҪ̫ˮҲֶֻɲģŻ̲΢ЩãܹӶԷｻǮ
ʵԵĻĪӲ뿪ڣϸһ룬ȵµĵǮĴʱ򣬴ҶʶãʱڣĪռôĵǮȻһѵ顣
Ҳ֪̲ĵǮʲôʱ̲ͨԼѹôǧ꣬ĪӻֻȥҶԷξͰˡ
ȥĹУĪû·˿ͣܿͻصԼĵУȻֱԼĵбչأʼġ
ԭ󷨵ݣĪӾѾһ磬֪Լݣֻ֮ϵ軹΢Щ㣬ԻҪĵ˵ǮĪ˲һвĸоＸѾ󷨵ԲŻôȲظϻ׼̽ơ
ĪԼеһɽϣ˫ĿգԺ֮е˼άȴǷתţϵ󷨡
ĪӵߣƺܵĪӵӰ죬ΧĪӵ£ʵǰĳֹɲϱ仯ŵġ
Īӵĵ֮вûвκεӰ죬ҲֻǷһЩҶ˼ƻҳʱţģĪӵߣ۳һ֮ĵϡ
ⲢĪӱͨתԻĵϣȻЩܹķӳĪ󷨵ݣеķǳ˳ݳ󷨣ҲȷǳĲ
˿Īӵʶ֮УʶѾطڣվޱˮ֮ϣǿòͷǳһſŵǳϵתС
ÿһǳϵĽ⣬Լ¶һöǮģǳĽ۶ɵģԿǽӲӵģƽ׶һָ֮
һſǳƶһöö۳ĽǮǳĹâ֮зת򷴣ɻΪ鶯
һſǳƶĹ֮Уǳڿһ켣һɫ˿ߣûɢԵԽʵˡ
Щ˿Ľһ𣬾ͷ·һϸܵĴϿֵԽԽʵͬʱҲеǳ۳ĽǮһ
ʱԭƶŵǳȴ׵ͣЩһſǳ۳ĽǮϵһĽɫ˿ߣȴ΢΢š
ͻȻ֮䣬Ľߣ˲ɢĹ㣬ÿͺһöģ뵽һööĽǮ֮УȻԭͣǳֿʼٵתһööǳ˴֮仹ײںϡ
̷ǳĿ죬һſǳٶٴνٶȴӿ쵽̲ʱ䣬ٴοϵʱһſǳнǮλѾ̶
ĪӿͷϵЩǳԭķǣ˿Ѿ̫࣬ԼĪҡ
ȻˣӦҲˣȺǵ룬һǳΧǳҪԳΪЩǳĺġ
ʶڹ̶ЩǳλãĪӲû̫ϲãݵһʵֻǸոտʼѣǰЩֻ󷨵Ľڵ㣬ΪһǼܣҪǼѪƤˡ
Լط֮УĪҪʲôһǳɵ飬Ѿ˼·ڽԼҪôҲǳס
һĪӱǿŲʼҡڴҡεĹУ޴ϣһööķĴжͷһſǳƮȥ
һööķԴԴϣŴҡζƮ·ԭ֮У˿̲űѷѡ
Īվò֮£ЩգȻ׼ȷ׼Լȥλã뵽һǳ֮Уı鿴ǳרע
ʵʱĪӣҲȷǳרעƾɾڣ籾Ԫǿȣ󷨣ҲҪȫר־ݡ
ҡƮһģܹ׼ȷȥӦȥĵطҲϵǣҪĪ˼άͷǣ
ٵ֮£ȻǳĪԪͬҪǿ࣬Ҳһܹŵס
ķģϵ뵽һſŵǳ֮УЩǳΧƲεı仯Ȼδ¶ıȴǵĵȷȷڵġ
ģЩӲƮķģ뵽Ͽ֮еٶȱЩˣоǱˣַ·ЩΪ̡
վǿòµĪӣϿЩĴķģһʶط֮УڵȷоЩΪ̡
Щˣʶع壬Īͷ
ʶ֮У󷨵ݻڼɽĪӣʱȴѾ˫ۣĿ⿴ա
ʱѾ֪ȥ˶ã˿̵Ī˫۵ʱΧһƬҹ
֮У̫ǵո¹⣬ʣ̫֮⣬ֻܿ΢ǹ⣬֣֮Ȼһϡҹ
֮е̫ǣĪĿȴܿ䵽ǼŹâǳϣµյʱȻֵǹ⣬Ȼۣܲȴоͦġ
ǵĹ΢˺ӣĺҹУȴʱõĵ׺ûǣҹҲԵЩ
Īӿ΢ǹ⣬ȴһ˿΢΢Ц⣬ʶ֮ݵ󷨣ͻȻ֮ҵ˷
ԭط֮ݵ󷨣һЦݣȫıΪΣָʼʱЩǹ⣬󷨣ȴĪӵԺˡ
£̫⣬ͽմɣ


߰һ մ
մֲôĪʼҪԼݳĴֱӽ֣־ˣܶΪǺߺá
ĪڻǾãմֱȽС
ݳ󷨣ʼοģĽ紦һõ󷨡
ĪԼ˹ǳ֯ģùڵ㣬ǸȻǳϤ
ǳóĴ͹ãĪΪֹӴ֮Ϊһ
ҲΪ󷨣Īӵõһλ֮ͨǰָ㣬֮ϵͻͽӦʱΪҲȡ˲Ľ
Īݳ󷨣ʼ̥ǿ֮е󷨣֮еǶ֣Ҳڵһ㡣
ȻҲһ˼Ǿ󷨵ĹЧǼڶ֮ʵֲ˼ΰ֣Ҳڶˡ
ĪӲ֪Խ֮ǰǸ磬񻰴˵󵽵ʲôģݺͼƵͼǾ֮Ч
һοĲǰ񻰴˵еҲд˷ҵľǡաֵˣ
ҵľΪԭ֮һҲС壬ܹƾƣԿһǿֶΡ
佫Īڴϵʱܶ࣬ÿһʩչʱĳĪҲ¡
ôСĸ۵һ˵ϣܹôƣĪݵ֮УǳҪһ
е۵һ㣬ĪϣĲµܹǵԭġӳ̫ǰĹԣһܹʱ䣬Խ
Īݳ󷨣ʲôմԭ
֮Īɵͼܹ۵˵ҲԲֻܴ֮ﵽһӿֲ֣õĻɵ˵޾
ĪѾףԼܹͼôȵͼĴﵽԼҪĳ̶ȣôпܳΪ˱ǣϵ˥ı

ޣУ컯Ժеǿð£ĪһϸϸƷ
Ȿ׵ĪѾԼ֪ٴˣѾɾڵǻʱʱóƷе΢Դ塣
ΪΨһһ컯Աдĵ׵Ҫеĵ˿أеֵҲֵá
˴Լʱ֮ĪԼΣеĵȻʼ
մɣѾȥˣĪϵϢ֮ǰһأȻΪ˲١
Ҳ½УĪܹݳ󷨣˵ߣͬҲڵߣȻҲᷴӳΪϡ
ЩвǣµʱȥˣĪӻûпʼͼԭǳļ򵥣ǾеĵǮ
ͼĪҪöԼǧöΪ²ãԺ̲ԼǰǧöĻһǧöңҲһʣ£Ϊʱ򣬻ȷ׻᲻ģ౸һЩб޻
ͼʱ޷ƣĪȴûʱãѾˣΪÿһʱתΪݼĽƣܵúӵԼҪĹЧʱͼƳɹҲܹٵļ
Ī֮ݣо̫̫ŴǴõЩ伮ĲƬ
ȥͥһˣĪѾ¼ĿǰΪֵֹ룬ѾܹЩĵ伮֮Уôһ۰צݡ
Щĵ伮֮УĪĵģȻǷĵ伮ˡ
Ǹĵ伮ĪϸĶеݣʱ䣬ʵѾеĶֹһˣΪһЩ޷ϣԾֻͨĶķʽܵĲ²ͻԭеݡ
Īеĵ伮صȷʵҲ˵رΪݣֻɾ絽ɾڣϾûʲôˡ
ҲΪԭλɣŻĵ伮ĪӣԷһỻ
Ȼֻɾ絽ɾڵݣݵ伮ĪӸоԼΪо֮󣬵伮֮صݣȻһǴ̫ĹĵԭҲʼĪԸ⽻Щ伮Ƭԭ֮һ
ڸĴУĪӵȻǷǳģ崫еĸĹܹõģֻܴ취
̫̫ŴǵΧǸ崫̫ʿĵطõ伮ĲƬܴʾǺ̫йصġ
̫֮ĪҲİĵ֮УоС̫̫֮
ڶⱾ⣬ĪӲܶһֶϲȫ伮ͨĶķʽ²ݡ
һĶеĵ伮Īȴ֮࣬вйâ仯š
仯ŵĹâʱˮľ֮˴˾ݱ䣬ʱˮǹˮĪвϵľֻ֮˴׷
Ī֮иı仯ʱĶⱾ伮õһЩջ񣬻жԵ伮ݵݣϾ²ĶĪҲȷǷȷ
˴Լһʱ֮Īӷϵǲ伮֮תĹâҲʧˡ
̫֮ȻҪеݣߵĵ·棬ͨⲿĵ伮ܿ̽һЩ̫ĴУϧݻЩ٣ܹõһ̫Ĺʱ֮ڣҵΪֶΣһ޴еⲿ伮Īа˼
ͨ⼸ʱоĪӶⲿ伮֮صݣǰѾ˸߰˰ˣһЩطЩ룬ԭӦ̫
Ȿݲĵ伮ףĪӽԼڡ̫ԭ̫֮У仯֮֮ʵϣδĵ·øˡ
ĿǰյݣĪӶʱҲֻһˣǵõһ̫Ĵйֻܿ򣬻߻ʱ֮ܽˡ
ոշеĵ伮Ī֮ĸӦȴͻȻִ֮һ¡
ִʹݹϢǳ΢ĪվһŸоݳϢ
ַǳ޶ģĴݸϢĵǣѾɹضɹ˻֣Ѿɹ
ʱֵֶͨ۵̵ʱ䣬Īӵ٣ǿȣӦҲĪӵ࣬ĪӼ֮ϼǵʱ䣬ҪһЩˡ


߰ 
ʱһתۣ֮ˣʱ䣬ĪӸֶܵɹ˻֮⣬Ҳֻһ΢Ȥˡ
ڻ׶εľܻûпסܵĪӵĵ⣬ôһξ룬ĪӵĵһȭûʲôΣ
һȭ֮󣬶ԷʲôкûдȻֱת뿪ˣº侲ҲûŸĪӵǸ֮ģͷ·ȫûз
һĪӵĵĪӳһȭԭ
ԭҪΪӣȻǹ׵Ļ⻹
ǰ죬÷µɣĶŻˣ˵ȽΣյĺޣԼţΪڣǵԼ˳
˵һµСŵĽȷ˵һС£Ҳھ֮ϵڶˣ֪ˡ
ܹ֮ܿ챻֪ԭ򣬵һΪŽĵط΢ЩУĺޣĿǰ徳ڣ˵ôȫǸط
ڶԭ򣬾ɸĶС
һµСŵĽָտʼȽС󲻶ϻ׳ģСţȫǷ֮ڽʱѾһˡ
ſɽĵգǰıͲ٣÷۵Ϊǰ֧֣ҲΧССţкݱص
ȻĿ֮£ڣ¶йˣΪ֮Ŀɿڴĵ̡
һʮĸ֣ϰ񾳽ʿټһ꾳ʿԼ˵Ƚٵʿĵ̣˵Žĵգֱһˡ
Ϊʱˮ巢սĹϵﱾ뺷һǿţƾ豾ʵѾܹݱصҪʦС
һҲɵļƻ֮Уһ˵Ŀ֮񣬾̿ʼӺݱѡ֮н
м䣬ҲⲻҪͱصһЩĦʱʱˣӢˣҲ֮һ
Ž飬ҲڻĽ׶ΣĪûаϣֻƽ֮еһС
˵Ƚռˣ̵ĵӣµӵĴ£ĵͳҪôĻһСº⣡
ͼˣڼȥҪĲСʱ;ˣԺ󴫵ںʱȥɣ˳ҲܹϤһͼ֮Īһͼһţһ߽ϵͼ
׼ĶڼҲˣڲһʮ˵ƣ㹻ɾʹˣɾ֮󣬵޳ط࣬ʵʱҪȥԼŪһɱɣֻҪսܻնġ
ʱȥ̸̸˳õһЩ֧֣ƾеĶµЩǮ͵еʱͼƣѹһЩ
еͼĪŵȥ׼ȥڤһˣһԼƵͼ£ʱ̸һ̸ˡ
֮ǰΪһƷ飬ѾӦĪӣҪ鷳ĪĿǰ취Ӧȥõ
ʵĪҪȥ˵ʱ뵽飬뵽Լ̲ĽصݣӦѾ֪ˣԷʱûʲôʾĪӾ׼ȥȵԼͼƳ֮ȥλġ
뿪˵ĪпٵʹͨڤԼߴͨڤͨȻοٵС
Īӽռѷ֮ͥУתͷһվԼ̲Ŀ˵
ʱһ£ĵǮĿȻ͹ȥʲôҪܵİ⣬ڤĻʶϵһ£˵ͼܹɣпǴһоƵĹؼ
ʦģӦôվ̲ԣһһЦſ˵
Ǹͼˣܹλʱ֮ʦͲҪʱֹԷͨʱ䳤ӣ̽һأʦҲܸӷĵһˣ
̲ĻعͷȥĿ⿴Զ΢΢ĵһͷ˵λʱ֮ĴڣҲȷӦ취ˣܹҾܹĵͨ컯һ컯ľ磬ܣҲ¼öδ̫λ棡
ʦǾֻء̲ԣǾվԼǰ飬컰˵һ룬סˣûȫԼ˼˵
ǰҲûиӦվԶĿ⣬ٿ˿ƺŸߴգƺĿѾ͸գ˲֪δ
ӿռѷ֮߳ĪϤڤеĻΧڤ֮ԶԼԿһ⣬ĳλ
ĪӽԼʶſԼڵλΪģ˲̽˴ƬͬʱҲȷԼڤδ
û뵽һΣȻڤͥΧڣʶΧһɨĪӾ͸оΧŲٵ̾жϳԼĵطӦڤͥΧ
ΪڤͥϵǳõĪӣڷԼλ֮еһ뷨Ǿ뿪ܿ죬ĪӾ͸оԶԼսĶԼϢ
ںսȥɣоԶԼսĶĪԭҪ뿪뷨ʱֹסˣ׼ȹȥ˵
ڤߵϢĪӶǴͥõģֻ֪ʱ䣬ڤͥϵܵɧţܵѹжȴ֪ģھȻˣùȥ
Ȼڤ֮ͥż϶ôһʱǸҪĻĪҲһѣϾվ˵ġ
ϵϢĪӿٵսķȥûãĪսĵط
ĿսĵطһɨĪüͷ˲ǰսһʮλ飬ֻ飬飬ȴʣʮһȫѹˡ
Ʒ飬һƷ飬ôģ
һʮ飬ΪߵһλƷһƷʣµĶƷµģȻ򲻹ˣĪڸеɻǣ飬ôģ
ĪӸղѾʶ̽ˣΧ٣ȻλߣǡǡܹӳѾڤͥڲȽϰȫĵط
ЩҪƹǰķȻ֪ôģӵȷЩûа취ʱڽսص뿪Ļ飬ȵڤͥĸָϹҲ߲ˡ


߰ ɻ
ڤжĪӲǺҪȴö࣬ڤͥռҲһƬǳ㲩
Ȼڤͥڶ࣬˵ȽϹ㲩ÿ֮ľ룬ҲͲôˣЩλȽϸߵ飬ǵĵطͷıȽɢҲΪչЩ˵ʵȽ顣
ڵǣĿǰֵ飬ѹڤͥƬΪߵһλ飬ӦþλƷ飬£ֻҪ֧һڤͥĶƷܾͻ֣¡
ĪȴΪڤͥĶƷ飬ܹʱĸϵ
ҳǿ϶̵ģôɾϵսܲǰװ׵Ĺ˰ɣ
ǿ֮лЩܣɷڤ֮ڣԾЩСˣϾ飬˵֮⣬ʣµ壬Щ٣ɾڡ
飬еƷ飬ȻǺߵǸƷ˴˾һ𣬶ʣµƷ飬һֿסߵһƷ飬һǶԸЩλȽϵ͵顣
λƷ飬Χڶ飬˿ֵ̱ȫ࣬ĪӿԷĶЩϷˣĳɷ֡
ЩλȽϵ͵飬ĹԷܶûУ׾ٵؽ䵲ˡ
ڵЩͬʱλƷ飬ûжΧЩºֻ֣żᷢȺеĳһλ飬ֻǽˣȫûн䳹׵ĸɵĴ㡣
ڽЩ£һ𣬲ߣĪӿλĶʶ˶ԷҪʲô
һ̣ĪӾͿλͻȻ̯֮ƣϽɫ֮УɳһҰɫĴߣ£һЩλϵ͵ֶȥ
ŲҰɫĴ£ΧЩ飬ȫûʲôֱ֮ӾͱŴС
ţŴͬű֮еЩ飬һֻͷСĳ̶ȡ
λһĻѿһ϶Ҳݣȴܹ֪ЦŵģЦ÷ǳĲ
ҪЩץȥȡǵλĪ
ֱӽǸСĲҰɫ˳ֽһ˦ֱӽ䱳˱ϣžͷ·ջˣԼﱳ˱ϣֻȴ顣
ң
ĪӿһĻʱʵѾ׼ˣںλƷս飬ʱҲͬһĻս֮УҲ̲סһ
һϵĽɫ⣬Ȼø貣λϣһɲӵеǿϢϽɫγһֻ޴ƣֱֵƷץȥ
Īܹһλɾǿߣ˵ǶƷµֶΣǾ޴ƣڳֵһ̣ѾΧĿռ䶼Щˣ̺һͨƷܹӵġ
ۿλƷͻȻųĵƣԭֵĪӣʱͣԼϢųеľơ
ɫľ޴ƿٵץλƷ飬ճ˵ԷʱӦǱ޿ɱܣû˿ĵֿ֮ģƫƫʱλƷԣͻȻһƬڹ⣬λƷ飬ӰͻȻʧӰˡ
һ˲䣬Īĸоԭ̶һЩĿռ䣬˲䷢˱仯ȻԷƿռߵġ
ɻ꣡
Ī˫΢΢һУѾ֪ĺڹôˡ
ɫľ޴һĿգǰĹУͻȻҲû˿ռ֮ڣǽɾǿĹȻô򵥵ľͱܿ¶Էͨռֶˣֻɫľ޴ƣҲȥ
ĪӾãֻɫƣֻͽ޹ˣΪղźڹȻռֶΣĶѪɻѪͨ
ܹɵĴڤ˼ɻ꣬ĪǼµģȻֻһɻѪ壬Էòȴ˺ӡ
ͷոһ䣬ղƷʧĵطڹٴһȻƷֳˡ
ֻһΣƷϣȴһǳۼףƬŲ·һ㣬¶һɾǿķ
飬ڵӣ֮Ѫһ顣
һȫںڰ֮УԴԴΧâӰ
һżռ˴ѪڣڲſŲݵ죬Լһ˫򣬶ѾݣɻѪޣӦúĪͬһ
ڣڿֻɻ޵һ˲䣬Īûκεԥһ̳ˣĿֻɻޡ
ڿֻɻ޵ʱĪӾѾ֪ˣ飬ΪʲôڤͥˣҲ֪Ǹҳĵˡ
̵ģɻ޵ѪͨԣĪҪ£ҪȽɻޡ
ʯ֮䣬ĪӵľԪīɱͬʱ֣ǹˮֱͨӷСͨҲһ˲䷢Ԫ«ҲĪӵͷһͬ˹
ҲɵĪӲӣĶѪ֮Уɻ޵ıǿģܹɵڤóռֶΣҲѽƣΪǱͷǳóռ֮
ľԪ黯һ⣬һֻɻޣԷľԪ˲䣬Ҳͬһ˿裬ӦľԪܾûûеԼҪܵĳ̶ȣԲûдڤ롣
Ȼǿɻ꣬ȫʧȥߵĻᡣ
⼴ٽһ̣ɻԼûг֣ߵλ飬Ѿһ׼ס⡣
ʱɻͻȻоһӴĪ֪Ӻδ䵽Լϣоһɷĵ׵ΣյĸоΪһ̣Ҫ뿪ڤƺҲ첻ˡ
ţһⱻǰλ鵲סʱȴûз֣һŽɫĹâХ䵽λϣ˴ɳȥ
ǰ鱻ɣţһɫĹâѾƵƮɻǰ޷ܵʱֱ䵽üĴ
ɻϣ̾һһ̱ˣһɸĺڰɻ޵ɢôһ˲ѹĿ϶
Ҫһ˲Ŀ϶Ͻڤʱ򣬲ûע⵽ΧѾһƬޱˮˣƬޱˮȫ谭뿪ڤ
ţϵѾ޷ܵĳ̶ȣɻ˲С˳Ԫ«С
˳ɻޱߵķڳЩ飬ſһϴЦݵ꣬һ«̧ͷĿ⿴ǣ
ץסˣԼеԪ«ĪӴ˿ϵЦݣȫΪץסɻ޵Եʡ


߰ 
ǰͻȻֵź«ϴЦݵ꣬ڳ鶼ôһ˲Ĵ㶣ôһ˲Ĵ㶹飬˿ɫһ䣬ͬʱҲһ
ʱһжǼƻõģι뿪֮вַ֣Щǰ׼ǵһЩص׼һЩֶΡ
û뵽ʱ򣬱ȷǳˣȴԤ֮е̫ϣ֮һɻޣȻһ˲䣬ֱӱͻȻֵֽ
Ԫ«ĪϵЦⲻ䣬ղŷɳȥɱʱҲɻߡ
ľԪصĪӵͷųͬһʸеĹâīֱƮĪӵУǳȻ
λղűīȴе飬ʱҲ˻ֻǼۼףȴһİۣƬҲ˺öࡣ
ʵǼۼױǼ򵥵һӾܹɵģ˿̿ĪӣжǼɵ֮ɫȻڳĪһ֮󣬶ĪӵʵѾ˽⡣
ڿĪӣĲǻػǾ飬¾Ҫڴˡ
ͷλȴֱӶĪĳһƣһĳĹУɫֱӻһֻצŷ֮зǳķ硢׵ϣһĪϮȥ
ĳһ֮λ飬ȫûм˼˲һߣпٵȡһöӲӵƬҪ顣
ӶԷⷬͿԲ³öӲӵƬһֶΡ
Էжνǲϣȫ˺Īӽ֣ҲӪɻޣֱӾҪٶȥ
ϧǣҪȴô׵ģȲ˵ĪӣǸղźֵλƷ飬Ͳô׾ٵ뿪ƶʱλƷ飬Ҳ˲ʩչԼֶΡ
һöɫӡ£λóƬɫƬʱ򣬾Ѿͷɢһɽѹһе⾳·öӡ֮£ΧһжҪѹ
һıһƷɱһʺ֣ǰλһģ㾡ȫ߶󣬾ܲѹһУôƬ̣ȴȫܹġ
Ƭ̵ĹѾ㹻ĪӶˡ
īǰһӣǸγɵצֱӱīӲĴ飬ַ̺硢׵ϣҲī̺ĵѹ
һ֮ĪֱӲԼСͨλƷ飬һѹ˶ԷĶûа취öӲӵƬ顣
ĪСͨӪĿռ֮Уˮľƾճ֣ߣ·γһֺ˲תŵḥ̂һĥǵ·
ã飡λƷ˿д󼱣ΪѾоΧתŵˮľоȻԼ̺һ仯ѹǵĶһĥԼڵôȥҪ˵ˣƴ¶ɥʧ
ʱѾ˲һУ»ԼһЩƣҲҪƴȫԼеһƬӲӵƬΪΨһ·ˡ
һλƷƴܲԷ̣ҪԼϵһЩֶΣܹġ
ǿӲӵƬڱˣһ죬ƬƬ鿪ͬʱһɿƺ嫵ӿӲĽϿյöӡ𿪣ͬʱƿĪӵСͨȻ󿪳һռѷ죬Ҫߡ
£գ飬ΪԼʱǵĶȴţ˼ռѷ壬ȻͣһӴ󵽲ɿֱܵȥ
Ʒȫûһ˿һķ֮Ʒ飬ȴʱӰֱӻһɾһ
໣
ȻΪһ飬ѾûΪ֮壬ı壬壬˿Ȼǿ
ƾԼΪƣԭҪֱӳռѷ֮Уɽȴֵġ
û壬ȴȻûа취ϵǹӴ廯ɳһ̣ϵǹҲøǿ󣬽Ӳק˻ȥ
ڰקȥĹУϵչֳһڹڱȥḶ́ʼϵС
գɳСһָСȻûԪ«С
飬ɻޣȫĪӵԪ«ʱĪӣȴûзɣΪǵռѷ죬ڻĪܹоڿռѷһˣһǳǿϢЩ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ī͵Ĵһοٵˣʣµ飬״Ҳٵͬķˡ
һ̣һֻƬĽɫצֱӴӿռѷ֮̽˳ֻצ룬һһ˴˽һ𣬻ͼһǣͬʱܹĵϡ
ĪӼǺ˵ķǳʱʱҲоһȻһŤõԪ֮УҪԪק
ΣգⲻǽɣĴߣĪд󾪣̽Ԫ«ƴȫסԼʱ̽ռѷֻצȴѾץˣȫӿռľ롣
һλ飬ڶһκ״̬ƺŤѾ˼ȻԤס
ֻצץסĪӵʱͻȻ֮䣬һֻצȻһ
ߣּȻôʿֻӦЩ࣬ñʰնǶ֣ʡ㲻֪Ӧðַһ󣬹ʰϵ𣬽Ӱͳǵռѷǰ
ʣǵռѷ棬ĴһȻǵռѷͻȻ˺ܶ౶ͷ·ռѷһߵߣ׼ӿռѷ͹ʴսһˡ
㾡ԣһҲλߣڸ˲ֵ£ҺΣʿǰĿռѷ죬֮ûһ˿һη壬ܹһŨŨս⣬ƺͲöԷӿռѷսһ
ʵĻ˵֮󣬿ռѷƺҪ󣬲ʱֱ̧еĳǰĿռѷնһǰĿռѷʧλĴҲûг֡
ĪӿʱĹʣ΢ЩӣڤͥΧȻʴһ£΢Щţ֪ô˵
΢һ£ĪŶŹһ񿪿˵
лʴȣ
лĻ˵ڣĪȻоЩ죬ʵ֮ǰ֮ĹϵǵжԵԵʡ


߰ ʮ伮
еĳһգӰ˲ĪǰԼ岽ҵĵطЩĮĿĪӣû̿ڡ
žԼ˽ӽĹʣĪԴϣӦһַǳǿѹԼ֮䣬ĪͷһΣУƺһ̣ǰղžԼĹʣпܶ֡
Ƭʱ֮󣬹ڿĪӿˡ
ˣʱܹվĴϳ־ڤͥ飬ĻҲѾע⵽ߣǱʾԲ㣬һ̣
ʵĻ˵ǺĪӵԭҲı֮У˵ˡ
ҪĪ߸м֮Ĺϵ˵ЩԭְĪӣпܻᰵ侮ʯ
Īӱλʱ֮ϣôһ˿΢΢ļɵֱ̫ӽĪɱǱ˶֣Ҳһ̡
ĻĪϵıû˿ı仯ֻǻеԪ«򿪣Ʈһ̫Ǹղűλ飬ʱõ顣
Ŀ䵽ѾñȽСϣȻ󲻼˿ĶֻһĨĹâȻͷ·һնһƽĶϿڣ飬һ⣬ѸٵĳΧ
ϧһɱȻƷײߣλʱӦǻһЩ˼ģ֮ϧôٵˣЩų飬ĪĿȴ䵽ϣЩϧôһɱôˣ޸ĿܶûС
Ŀ⿴һѾϵĴĪתص˹ʵϡ
ߵСѾˣʻδĪڹĵ⡣
ֱӷ뿪ǻΪһͿǰĹʵ׻ôˡ
ڷųЩ֮󣬹ҲܿעŵĪӵϣ˼͹δԼĪӣֻͻȻһַǳϤĿռ任֮УȻͷԼѾԭĵطˡ
ɨһΧϤֻɫͺɫǰֻʣ˹һˣԷĿԼѹ֮ǰøˡ
Īӣñʸδ㣿ʿĪ˵
ҪʱҪδˣӲŹϴѹĪʱǱֵĲǳƽĻشͬʱѶԷ˻ȥ
ĪӵѾ˴룬Ŀǰ̬ȣĪѾ֪Է¶Լɱ⣬Ӧò̶Լ
ʵʺ֪֣Եһʱ򣬲ŻҪɱ㣡ԣĪ˵
ڹʵ仰Ī֪Է˵ֵ֪ԭ޷ǻǵڶʳڴϵĲüμƻԼܵ顣
ѾʣǵڶʳĴԼȥĹУЩĪӶٶвУȻᱻע⵽
ֻʱĪӣȻڴǿܹϸ֣ᱻЩƷϵ̫ķ
ĪӶڵڶʳĸٴҵӰԽԽʱ򣬼ע⵽ĪӣҲһΪ΢ɢ޷ѣûлᣬҲûһʵ壬Ȼлһ㣬ʱĪӣûʸרŵԡ
ڹʵĻĪӲûлӦΪʱҲ֪λӦЩʵ뷨˵ʱܻἤŭʣԷԼɱ
ʱ򣬶ԷܲɱԼпܻԼһЩͷԣȫûбҪһʱ֮
УϻУ˵ΪӵˣǸӣҲǳĺãǷŵڶʳڵʱһܹĸ£ΪһͺӣЩϧˣʼ˵ֻһ˵ʱ򣬸о˵ĶĪӣֻһ㡣
ĪûлػֻĬĬĳŹϴԽԽѹ˿Ĳ䡣
Īӵ⸱ӣƺоЩȤû˵⡣
ˣѾûˣڿȥˣ˵֮ĿĪһֱۣת黯ʧˡ
ͻȻ뿪ĹʣĪ֪Լڿˡ
û˿ͣĪֱתλһݹ⣬ԶȥٶȷǳĿ졣
һֱĪ뿪ڤͥΧڣٶȲȻҲûͣ£һֱŵʳΧڶȥȵ˵ʳΧںĪͣһĵطȡԼԪ«
Ԫ«Уڻ飬һɻޡ
ĪӽԪ«ĪѹһԪ«ڱװԪ«֮еһޣڿѾһ̲ˮˡ
һĵطͣ£ĪҪΪ飬һһԼսƷ
飬ĪӲûָϻʲôĶϾϲѶ򣬶װڴ﷨֮УðΣգΧڵ飬ϿҲֻһЩõŵĶȫء
֮£ĪӶǸɻϵĶڴ
һĶѪޣ˵ϻһЩʲôܹһЩ֮ģǾ̫ˡ
һλѪޣӦܹӴĴУЯصݵĻôֵʵھ̫ˣĪӷǳڴջ
֮ǰõǲĵ伮еȻ٣֮ǰڵѾĪӸеǳˣܹٵõһЩĴУܹĶȻࡣ
սƷջ֮⣬һ飬Ī֪飬һɻޣôһġ
޵飬ȻΪʵǿԭ򣬾˵ʱ䶼һڤͥ鷳ˣǵϣƺҲûн̶ֳܵȡ
֮ǰͥռϢ֮УᵽϣһЩսԲģжʱ˴һμϣ˵ͬʱʲôط˴˴ʲôط̶ֳȵϡ
Ī֪ǣ飬׼һϵԸ
Ԫ«е飬һɻޣԪ«£û˿ķ֮еĸй٣һֳ׵׵Ļ֮
ĪӿʼĴϻõĶԼսƷ
΢Щϲ飬ĶĲ࣬ûж٣в֮ģȫûУȻǵأǸԵ֮УûЯ
ɻϵĴ﷨УȴǷǳĶ࣬ѾҪϵǸ﷨װˡ
ָĲϣгƷķɱ鵤ҩܷЩνӦоУҴЩĳɫǲĶ
Īӿеģʮಿ伮ĪҪĺö


߰ 
ϲЩ̫ͻȻˣĪӿʮಿ伮ʱʣµΨһͷˡ
ڿǰЩҩɲıĵʱĪ¸еϲãûдﵽϲĳ̶ȣֻʮಿĵ伮еϲĶ
ջĪ˵ʵ̫ˣûĶЩ伮֮еݣҲȫóصݣԲƽĶпܾĴйݡ
һĪӿƽ˼飬ѹסҪ̿Щ伮ݵ뷨ȻǳصĽԼջպá
ĶѪɻ꣬۵ҲƸȻӴ󣡡ƽ֮ĪղſЩȻһ˿Цݡ
ջʮಿ伮ĶֵҲܴҪҲ࣬͵ӷ˵ʹﵽ˼ʮ֮ȻеľųϣֻǷѣʣµļɱֵѾЩļֵˡ
ʣµĵҩ֮ĶƷ͵ҲǱģΪµĶû˷﷨ıҪ
ɻ޵ЩƶӶϵսƷҲ֪նɱ˶ٵĶ֣ŻңϧȫĪˡ
ϴһ˿ЦݣĪ뿪ԼʱͣСɽͷȥ
˵ʳͥΧĪӲԼټ£Ҫҵһǳ׵飬οԷҲһֱڹעûãĪӾһ֮м
ٴμ棬Īӷǰһμʱ򣬶Էĸоøˣͬʱ˼ɲ⣬ϢԨƺĸо
û뵽ŹȥãΪһƷ֮ȻֽˣĪҲЩ̾ԼΪٶȺܿ죬ԷֽٶȣòƱҪš
ϵ鷳ӦûѰӻʱɣΪʲô飿ڼĪֱ֮ӿżɽ˵
׼ݼĻʣĻѰһЩŵйأҲԼһԾȣĪӿڻش
Ŷ˵ԣƺĪӵĻֳһЩȤûΪĪνԾȲʲôм
£ĪӾͺԥĽԼҪһܹ֮չָ߲ͼ뷨˵ҲԽԽ֣أȫĪӵĻסˡ
Īӵͼȣ֪󷨸׷󷨺ͷϵⷨѾĪоˣĪӱһ֮ϣżˣ飬żߵĿԡ
ˣĪƳôһͼôʱƾһͼͶһ컯ֲƣܹɷӵ
뵽һĨ֮ɫΪ˻ʵǳʹʲô컯ܹɵķӣصľƣͻһθı䣬彫һѹ壬Ϊ֮İ
컯ǣƣͼûа취ķãҲǷͬСɵġ
ĪʱѾԼҪĶĲˣĿ֮֮ɫּ˵ʼҪͼĿģҪһݵĽϵ鷳Ͼλʱ֮ôöԸģĻʵıӻҲֻûгɾʹ֮ǰһֱĻʵ֮£ǳ֮ƣ
ԣпܣܹһݽԷİ취ͼĳˣǵʱļֵɾͲֹˣ˵һرˣ
Īӻո˵ֱִ꣬ļϣȻĪΧĿռһ䣬˲һƬɫʰ쵵ء
ĪӻΧʵͼƣмְգ
ѾݳˣľͼĲϣؼĶѾ뵽취ҪܶĲϣʱܹռģǰԮһ£Ī̻ش˵ͬʱĶãԼͻȻƬռ䡣
һڤʱĪûмҲ֪Էʲôģһλ൱ڴߵһƷһƬ磬Ҳϡ档
ĪӲ֪ԼڵĵطǲƬռȷǳĹ㲩ЩһӴС磬ⷽռУȴûжɫʰ쵵ɫػˮķӿһ
ѵĻʵ򣬻ûΪһƷ֮ɱ䣬ô⸱ӣ·ؿһ㣿Ī
ʱûĪʲôĪӵĻش̼֮ʵҪһЩ֮⣬㻹ҪҸṩʲôȫ˵ЩģҲ˵Ҫʲôǣ
˵ĪӾͺٴ˵ѾݳˣȵͼĲ뱸ʱͻᶯƣ֮󣬾ҪĻʰæͼ
ĪӵҪʵҪΪڸԼĳɹ˵öԷģҲøṩ˰ġ
Ŵԣоâһͬʱ¶һĨЦݡĪӵҪֳƳһͼǿҵţҲĪ˵Ǹͼڴˡ
ʱͻȻһתĿתΧ˵˴ҵΣ
ͻȻ˵Īӿһĵػˮ磬Щǳе㲻̫ûӦֻܱȽί˵
Ļʵ򣬿ռǳĿ㣬һӴС磬ֻƺûɱɣԺǿ
Īӵ仰ȴ΢΢ҡҡͷƬʵѾɱˣֻӿĵػˮ磬и֮ҹݻģ
ԭ뿴ݻһб仯ʱŻͣ£ֻݱһ羰£û뵽ҵĵػˮ粻Ͼӿ֮£Ȼݻ˼ֵ֮Լôһ˿컯̺Уޣϸ
ĻĪӽĿŵΧЩػˮ֮ϡ
Īһ伮һλóռ֮ǰ漰ʲôţǼ˲ƽľ
ڶԷص֮УἰһСռĿ٣ռ֮ʿ˵Ϊһĳ̶ȣǳס
ǿһС磬ǾͻȽˣ֮С֮еĸع˵Ƚ϶ȫظռ֮еع򣬶Ƚϵһߺⲿͬ
λռ֮ǰᵽһ㣬ÿһοСʱ򣬲õʲôֶΣ඼ᾭһͬḶ́Ǿ翪֮ʱ඼ŵػˮ緭ӿԿСˣһҪģƽϢػˮŰȻܹƸֹС֮е
ƺŰĵػˮ֮Уʲôģ⵹ĪҲЩ̺㿪ʼϸĹ۲


߰ Ļָ
֮зӿĵػˮ磬Ȼͨˮ֮࣬ʵҲûô򵥵ĽĻڱʽΪػˮ֮
һƬ֮ʱһ޵еḶ֮́ʼ֮ʼ
Īӹ۲Щػˮ磬ܹо̺˾£Уû˿ĵֿ֮ͻᱻⷭӿŵĵػˮ绯Ϊһҡ
Ϊǵɾϣ΢ֿܹһ£ʱܹԱʱܹҵķʲôǳķ֮ģҲδܹס
Ϊɾ磬ĪӸоͲʲô̫ΣˣƾطΪѾԵֿڵΣգ׵յֻӰ졣
ȻƬ֮еػˮ緭ӿǿҳ̶ȣԼһЩйأһؿ٣ʱӿĵػˮ磬ҪΣյöࡣ
ϸĹ۲ЩػˮķӿĪĹ۲ʱʱ䣬üͷ
ĪӲʱʱһֻջģʵǷǳ΢СҲƾ򣬶ڵػˮ֮еˮ仯˼΢ѧһ㶫Īڻû̫á
ĿһԣĪӶԵ˵޶ۣһʱ֮޷̺İûлԵĻʵ֮ջˡ
СĿ٣Ľɾǿ߶ȴûжˣܹػˮ֮У̫ĪӶԼûջһ㣬Ҳеɥ
ڵΪһֱϣֻҪͰǾܹȲɾڣҲ̫ңԶֻеɾʱŻƿɣ
ĪӶһ㲢⣬һԵʱȴƺָ㡣
Ī˵仰֮ĪһۣȻ󻺻Ŀ˵Ŷʲôٿ
һ䣬һϢ󻺻ǰһָָһ⣬ָǰһ绮ƿռ䣬ٵصУ˳ָƶƬĿռ䶼Ҫƿˡ
ָƶƺֱֻչľ룬һԵĪӿԷָ⣬ֱǻĿռ䣬ǰҵĿռ䣬ڶԷһָƶĹ켣֮С
ָ⻮֮Уԭӿĵػˮ磬ͻȻ֮ͱָ⻮ĽˣԭҫɫżȻһƬɵɫͷ·һйޡ
ޣУ컯Ϊ̫֮سԴͷǴ޵У֮У⣬Ҳ𣬲˿Ӵһһֱ飬˵һһ䣬ҲĪӸоԣԾ˼ά˳ŶԷĻʼϵ˼
Īӵһ뵽ģԼѾ˲֪ٱġ̫׾һ΢Դľģĵ˵һ
һд޵УʼҪССԳ֮ΪסҲΪ̫֮
Ժ֮ЩǰһƬ޵򣬺Ժ֮뵽ݶգĪӸоڡ̫׾ݣԭԼֱڣƤëѡ
ĿɨһĪӣһ֮еӣٴ
Ϊ֮ʣһţʶ̫
֮лһƬĿռ䣬һη˱仯ǵô˿˿ƵͬҲǻɵģȴ˸оеһгʼ֮Դƻһɡ
ĪԺ֮ϸϸŵġ̫׾һ˲Ļˡ̫ݣڻĶԱȣͬҲ֮УϵϢҲ֮΢΢ķ˱仯
ʣν֮УʵΣ֮ʼδߣ̫ʼ֮
Īӻڡ̫֮У˼ά˳Ļתˡ̫ʼϣƬ֮УЩԭֿʼ仯
Щı仯ĪӸղĵػˮ磬ʼЩ֮е˴˽֯ӿֵһЩƬ֮Ư
ʱĪӣٿЩػˮ磬оͺ͸ղȫͬˣ̺֮ѾչǰЩҲ컯һ˿
ĪϵϢ򣬿ʼϵ׳ڷתٶҲøˡ
ʱվһԣȴտڲˣֻǵȴĪ
˵һΪָĪӣָ̫֮㵽Ӧü£˵̫̫ݻƬ򣬿ƫƫ˵֮󣬾Ͳټ˵һ룬ͻȻͣһ޵ź֮С
ĪھָоԭţڽԼĵݣǰı仯ĴȴͻȻ֮ʧȥ
ͺԭ˳һ·ǰߣߵ÷ǳ˳ͻȻ֮䣬ǰȻû·ˣһ˺ܵĸоˡ
£·Ȼ͵ǾֻͣˣĪȴûС
ʧȥҲûصݻĪĪӵȷһʱ֮ЩΪ̣Ҫĸо
ʱĪӵԪ«ȴ΢΢İһ£Ī˲ǰһ
һĪӰʵرĴ󣬵һҪ壬ǿܹԶĪ½ľͷּǰһ¡
ֻҪܹǰǰǻҰǺڰǶǿԹȥ̽ģһľ벻ƵһȴҪ
ĪԺ֮ľģԷĸֳˡ̫ؾʼеİû绷֧֣Īȴ˲ʹԼСͨСͨԼΧݻһı仯
ζʣδ壬ʼ֮ףΪ̫֮䡭
ԺľģĪСͨѾģ˵ػˮľ󣬲ҿʼ仯
ӿĵػˮУƺ˸Լ֮ʵ֮Уһĵػˮ磬ҲһεԵķֿ·Ҫȴƺһ㣬ɴһû״̬
һĻ˿һĨ֮ɫû뵽˶Īӵָ֮ĪӾȻԼԷ˳ԼղŵܹԼͬʱܹеݣҵ·ȷġ
лھ̾ʱ֣ĪСͨӪľһη˱仯
еͻȻ֮䶼ʼֿǵػˮ磬ͨͨһΪȻһһ³
ڱ˴³ĹУһڿʼʵʵʵڵĶ
һΪ³Ļ˴أıΪǳһΪ³ıҽı̫ˮһΪ³ı˽ӺıһΪ³ĳ֮䣬ʱʱȶıϰƣת


߰ ݻͻ
ĪСͨݻľ̾
֪Īӷǳ㣬֮Уûܹңƾһɢ޵ݣԼһߵգõʱ仹ꡣ
ڷǰһĻãԼЩ͹Īӣǵ͹Īӵʣǵ͹ĪӻʵԼڵ⡣
ĪӵΪܹԵ㲦֮£ƾԼ̫غ̫ݱ䣬ԼСͨģ˳ԲһܹģҪĲΪж̫֮
ĪӲǴŵĵӣҲ̫λĴУܹһؼһڵϤǾεĴĦ˷Ʒ֮󣬲˳ĵ㲦顣
뵽ĪһĿģĪӵĿ֮УӶһ֣ء
պֻҪӦܹΪ֮ǿ֮һʸ׷컯磡
ԼĪӵۣԭԤϣϰθһأʸ׷컯磬ߵ
ĪСͨӪľ󣬿ʼıã㰲վȴĪ
˿̵ĪӣʶҲĴ֮ѹû˫ۣǽʶͶ뵽ط֮Уط֮еһС
ط֮неļľĪ֮󣬱øʵʣľȴγһĿռ䣬ԼһСĸо
ʶط֮УĪӲûȥĸıطеʲôǰĸΪԼĸ򣬶仯ط࣬ͬʱҲԼԽԽǿԪ
ڵķתٶȷɿ죬ͬʱҲڷٵţĪϵϢҲڲϵ
ĪֻҪڻһЩʱ䣬ΪܹͻһС磬ﵽɾڡ
ĪϵϢѾ쵽һŵʱԭ˫ĿĪӣȴͻȻ˫ۣͬʱڷϢҲʱȻֹȻٵƽȥ
ܵĪϵı仯糣ȴһĨ
ôһͻƣĪӿʵ
̫ˣΪŸͻɾڲãܹٻһЩ̣ھͻƵɾڣЩ֮ˣͬʱҲᵼЩ鸡ĪԣҲûиҵ˫֮һ߸Լڵһ߶ش
ΪͻƵɾڣʱ仹ûãݵʱ֮УĪΪ̫˳ˣҲ̫ˡ
ȻΪǻ֮󣬱Ƚʵǽ
ɼˣĪΪٶȻ̫ˣھܹɾڣҲôΪĿǰľ磬ٴĥһʱ䣬ԼĻ۸һЩһζ죬ʧһֻۡ
˵СĥĻ۲ͬʿľ룬Īһ̬ȣǾܲŹκܹĻᣬ࣬һδεĻ֮Уϵġ
ԭ֮⣬ʵһԭ򣬾Ī֮ĸоָоҪôΪбס
֮ĸоȻԴӳ֮󣬾Ϊǳ΢ûʲôãָоûдĪȻָоӡ
ĪӵĻش΢΢ĵ˵ͷû϶ָֻĪһ䡣
ƾԼ̫֮ĲֵҲĻԵպ󻹿ԼϸƷΪͻƽɾ֮ǰȻа
ҲҪס̫֮ãվԼĵΪοѧϰӰԼĵ
ףĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ԭָ㣬ΪһЩҲٵͼڿĿɵĳҵԤڣҪƵͼȱЩϣԸˣ˵仰ְ֮ѻص죬Ī˵
Ķ֮ǰѾˣĿǾʲôףĻҲָһ
Ī仰̴ԼĴ֮ȡһö򣬽ݸȫûй
ĿľȻεĿģͲֻˣҪ֪ôһ飬һ£ǰһЩı
ӹĪӵʶһɨͿ֮صݣȻ˳˼֮С
ˣĪеЩ⣬ԭãԼöֻ֮ǿһۣ֪ԼҪʲôˣû뵽Էôϸ˼ˡ
ǵĪӵ棬е޸ĪҲû˵ʲôֻǿĶȴŶԷ޸ġ
ΪһλһƷ飬ĪԲҸĵģ¶Է󷨣һλһƷԵԼõĶǷ˲㣬Ȼ޸ġ
ҪƵͼҪӵãҴѾˣ⼸ϸһ£ЧԻá˵ţµ˻
ͬʱҲ󰡣Īӽӹ󣬿б޸ĹĲϣﰵ˵
ȷûҸģֻǿһĲϣʹ¶֪ĪҪͼеĲϴ䣬Ҳ˲Ȼأ滻ЩǸ󣬶ЧõĲϣȫ¶һλ˻ʵĲƴ֡
Ȼ滻һЩ֮󣬻һֲǱɾˣΪ滻һֲϣ֮ǰĳЩΪԭĲ϶ҪڴĲϣȻûбҪˡ
һҲԿǿƣƿ
飬һҪҪĪӵģṩ֮⣬Ҫ֣ҲСϸϣ΢¶һЩƿ
Īӿ֮΢΢˵ͷְ򽻻˻ȥ
Ļ޸ĵ⼸ϣԭȵĲҪЧҲܹ΢һ㣬̫ЩʵҲҲԭȵĲϴ棡򽻻ȥʱĪ˵һ䡣
ϵ㲻õģòҲͥǱߣͥûУҲУ֮ϾԻ͵һ˿һۿۡԣȻ˵
ô˵ڸĪӣ㲻Ҫʲô֮ǣͬʱҲ˵ĻԺ飬߲㣬֪顣
Īԣûٶ˵ʲôͼ飬ȻһأǱĸ߲֪ĪҲûǡ
ͥǱߣӦѾ֪ˣǱߣͥȥ˵ˣ֮£ͥ˵飬ҪԼ˵á
˻ŷ֮⣬ҪͥǱ֪Ҫ˭ŲһĴͼ֮ǰܵסڱ֮С
˵꣬ĪӼҪ뿪ʱĻ˵ˣȵеĲ뱸ҪͼѡһʵĵطҪһյС֮У򣬿ܻᱻλһ񣡡


߰ 
ԷĪѣ
֪һλߣӵкεܣǴμսʱĳ棬кһЩ߽ӴʱĪӸоĶɲ⣬ԼܹĦģɾĸ֣ĪΪֹҲǴĦ͸
ԼΪܹ֮ĸӦΪԼṩһЩϢôһλߣʱ֮񣬾ͻֶΣ
һ뵽ĪһԷֶܹ쵽ԼôԼĿǰΪֹΪⲻѾȫڶԷУһеıʹ㣬ҲѾԷ֪أ
뵽һ㣬ĪӵԣҲɵݺһ£ת֮䣬Ī뵽һЩ飬ͻȻ֮˲١
ΪֹĴ㣬Ӧûбλʱ֮ĻͲˡˣ֮ǰһֱ֮УھͥĴӪƤ£Ϊʱֶ֮οԵ֪ҵһжһλߵƤ£ЩΪӦöᱻֹ
Īܿʶһ㣬˲٣ͬʱľȴˡ
лĻѣģĻ֣صĻشͬʱĪѾãԼͼʱûȥͥ뿪ȥһҲҪСġ
ֻһ¶ѣ˾ͺã⣬һֱ죬ʵҲ̫⣬ܲ٣Ҳô׾ͱ̽ġĪӸղ뵽Щʱ򣬱鼸ûʲô仯Ϣȴ΢΢һ仯ǳķˣɴ˲µ뵽ʲôɵóԿοһ
˵֮ʹĪ뿪³ڤһλС
ʦ֮ǰλѾƷ飬ڻʳʱǼˣûĻھͿԻȥˣЩϺܿͻ׼ãʱһ͵뿪Լ֮Ī˵
⻰е˵˼ʵʵҲ࣬ոսΪһƷ鲻ãڤľֱȽϸӣҪ黹Ĳ٣°˵ĻҲԸĪʱ䡣
ĪӲԷĿֻԼʦ÷ڻʳ񶼣֪Լһ˼ϡ
Ȼһ˼÷ĪȴеźͦΪ÷ĵġ
÷ѾƷˣϣΪƷ飬Ǿ൱ԪɾˣҪһ÷Ļۻ̫ˡ
ʱ̣棬۶Щ뷷˵ϸʮϰ꣬ʳ÷һƷλ뷷⣬Ҳõиͷ֪йͣƾշ
ԣ÷ŵʳ񶼣ȥΪʳһЩ飬ǻͬʱһЩĻᡣ
ȵʮϰ֮󣬾ʲô󹦣ʱĴҲ֪÷ЩмػͿ࣬ҲͱȽϺˡ
뵽ЩĪﻹͦΪ÷˵ģλƷ֮÷ԺҲǰ֮ϣʦͽ˼ĻͶˣ֮У÷ҲܹһЩ
лĻʣĪֶһлһлΪԼʦ
ԭѾӦ飬ˣû飬ͻȥ׼ɣ˵
仰Īһ̯Ԫ«УȻ󽫺«ڳ£Լ֮ǰһսս«֮е˳
Ѿ˵ˣڤʱǡ˾飬Ȼˣ飬һڤͥڣ֪кı佻Ļʴˣ飬ʲʲôмֵϢҲЩô
飬ĪԭֻҪԼһ֮϶ᴦǣ齻á
ʲôıܹʵĳҾûջ鱾Ҳǳмֵˣܶλ顣
һ۱Īӷų飬Ŀ⣬ȴ䵽ĪеԪ«ϣſʱ䣬ſ˵Щ˼
Դһںϵķļ֮΢Щ죬ĻʼЦˣĪԣû˿仯ɫһͽԪ«
ĪԪ«Ҳ½ĿŻ˻ڻ״̬ϡ
ץǸɻޣҪж콫ɻ壬Ļܶ࣬ʱԽãԽпöԷѡһ˵ţһһӣϵߡ
飬ԴӰ֮ǰʼʱʱĺһץ飬ҲλĸߵͣÿһһƷΪټһֱûץǣץÿǴʲô⣬ˣҲҪ飡
Īԣ΢΢ЦЦûٽӻ
˵ˣʮа˾žǹʣĪӿɲãԷܹԼ顣
ӦҪȥ˰ɣʵ
ţĿľģĿѾˣһջ׼ȥһ£Īӻش
˵֮ĪӾʹ뿪ϾѾθˣĪӱҪ뿪ˡ
һ£˵ţԱһӣһռŻ
⣬лĻʣռŻĪ΢Щ⣬û뵽һԼԭ򣬾Ȼ׼Լһ¡
ûʲôԥĪӾͽȿռŻϾԼߵĻ÷һЩʱ䣬ͨȿռŻֱӻص졣
Ī߽ռŻ֮Ҳ˲ʧԭأصԼĵУĪӸղŽ鶪˳ҲûѣͽְǵͷתƬ̹֮ɫ΢΢Щˣ
ԭֲʱ䣬ǲϧðôΣգץ飡
˵仰½ǰֿٵʧ֮Уһҵʱ֮飬Ѿ˹ʵǰ
űԼǰ飬˺͸ղͬ飬ȻɫҲͬ
嵹ǹݣȻطǵƣҲǳĴ󵨣壬ԭʵĿ꣬Ȼ壡ջ֮ɫص˵
⻹ǴĶһµĵ·ҲʵϽ壬ܹҲݵԣޱ˵
ʿһۣûΪĻŭΪ˵ľʵ˼棬ûгܵıҪԣʿֱ֮Ӵһ
ĻʴӦԣʵ
˳ˮۣǼӿһЩƻƽ˵
ԣоâһȻ˼ʱ䣬Ż˵ô


߰һʮ ̲

ĺһĪӻ˫ۣٴαԼѹסΪϵıȴǺܺÿ
Īӻĵ죬ҲѹסԼͻƵΪ
Ϊͻɾ֮˳ȻȫƾԼλʱ֮ҲҲСİҽԼΪѹ£»ֲһ㣬ߵֶΣȻĪ⣡ɫ΢滺һЩĪ
ڤлĪӾͼʱȴԼΪԼѹµ£ҲһҪͻƵĸо
տʼһεʱĪӾûͦģΪԼڵΪѾһţʱԿԽɾڡ
ǴӵοʼĪӺܿͷֲԾˣԼѹƾ£ʱҪͻƵĸоҲӦÿһʱ򶼻ֵİɡ
ԼԸͻƣѹƣ͸ӲӦָоˣӦԼɣΪͻƵĸоԽԽǿңһ
£ĪӾ뵽Լ˵Ļһλߵʵܹ쵽Լ飬֮УĴߣܻʩչһЩصֶΣ˵
뷨֮ĪӾ⼸ϵѾȷԼĲ²⡣
ʮа˾ţԼԴͻɾ֮󣬵·ߵ˳ԭ򣬾λĴߵİ
Ȼ֪ԷõʲôֶΣܹϢûκ˲ԼҲ£ʹԼΪĺܿ죬û˿ĸãһ㣬Լ⣬ɶԷôԭĪȴ
ΪٶȿˣôԪ«еȻҲݻԼΪߣԪ«ܣҲܿﵽԷҪ󣬵Ǹʱ򣬾ǶԷֶȡʱˡ
ڶԷٽԼΪֶΣͷ·һ磬ȴԼĳɳһԼɳ˶ԷҪĳ̶ȣǵȴľǶԷո
վĪѹԼеͷȻ󼸲ߵıԵ·һ޼ʵƺи𲻾õ̫ﰲվһ˴Լһʱ䣬ĪӲתͷ߻صڡ
Ī˵еȷ˸ǣҲرӰ졣
һʼ֪ԷѾԼˣ޷ҲǶ֪˶ԷΪոԼһЩصֶζѡ
ϸһĻƺϣԼûгԿǵһˣں̵ܶʱ֮УΪȡͻͽֻһţܳΪɾڵʿȻһǳɾˣɸԼʡȴ˺ܶʱ䡣
ٴλصڵĪӣѾ׵ƽȻȡһ伮ʼĶ
ǴɻϵõĲƸһʮ伮ĵ伮ȻҲģ嶼УҪ£лһĵ伮伮ݹӦ̫صŵĵ伮
Լջ֮Īڻصĵڶ죬ֱԪ«еɻ޳׵Ľˡ
˵ɻѪޣԼ̫ҹζˣıȽϺãΪ»ʲô⣬ĪûнųԪ«Ҳں˷һѪ
Īóⲿ伮һĵ伮صݣ̫ʼһִݺ֮ǰõǸĵ伮ֻ࣬ɾ絽ɵһݣջЩ伮֮УҲͬˡ
ԴˣĪҲе⣬ĴУ嶼ǿúܽģοˣԴеı̶ܳȣֻ߿øǾ֮
ϸĶеݵ伮صݣĪȻһֲֵʶڵ伮֮мصĹݣȴܹȫ⡣
Ͷ֮ǰ̫֮򣬶ĵ˸⣬ԶԻ̫֮ĴУȻҲܹܿ⣬вֵ֣еĺ壬ܹ²³
˴ԼһʱңĪӷеݵ伮Ȼ˼
ĵ伮Ȼصݲ࣬ͬеջҪǣеݣԼԺ֮ǰõǷĵ伮ܹ˴˻һЩУͨЩ伮֮صݣֶΡ
Ī˼еݣͻȻ֮䣬оԼĵ⣬һϤϢֹͣ˼ٵվ˵⡣
Ī⣬ǵϤӰһĨɫû뵽Էô졣
Īӣ̲ǰ
Īӵ̲֮ǰԼԷǮ׼õʱ򣬶ң׼ˣҲǶԷͣӦĪԼȥȡ
̲Ī֮ҲûкĪӿֱӾͿ˵רѰģȽĵ֮˵ɣ
ǰ룡Īԣ̲һƣԷӭ˽ȥ
ڽ̲֮һһҴţֱ£Цſ˵õȻ򵥣ȴԵ÷ǳģҲǸĵطƽҲûдúİ
ǰЦˣԼĵȷûлѺܶʱȥĿǰ˵ĵŻ⣬պҪʱٿҪҪúôһ£
ĪЦŻһ䣬˵仰֮󣬽ֿʵǰʲôҪԸǰֱ˵
ĪӵĻ̲Ҳܸɴֱӿ˵飬ϴ˵£ԼҲµˡ
ǰô죬ǰǧöǮǰѾ׼˰ɣĪЦʵ
ҲûпܣǮ̲ģԷԭ֪ж٣ټһʱŬʱǧöǮĿҲûпܵġ
㼱ʲôĲϻû͵أ̲ЦŻĪһ䣬ȻֶϵĲ裬һڡ
ĪԣȴһȻһԤϵȥ̲֮ͼ飬Ѿ֪ͥˣԼȥڤѰ£̲Ҳ֪ˣôһԷ͵ǮģĿģĪӾʹܹµˡ
ҪİǧöǮһᾡ͵ҲǸ͵㶫ģͼ֮ǰΪ˱ʲôأ֣Ϥһ£̲˵仰һгһöõĽǮ
öõĽǮ̲ݵĪӵǰȻЦſĪӡ
ĪֽӹõĽǮöõĽǮеʱ򣬷ȴʮ㣬ֱͬɽһأǽϣȴԵûʲô
ϸĴһ£ͬʱųԼʶǰöõĽǮĪӺܿͷöõĽǮɵÿڳһ
ǰøֶΣȻˣ


߰һʮһ ߲
ĪеöõĽǮãͨĴ﷨߿ռ䴢ֶβֻ࣬ǲͬǣöýǮĴ﹦Чÿռֶδﵽģ̲ͨĵɵġ
һöõĽǮУ洢Ʒ٣ЩƷУ洢ķ䱾ǻƷֵһָ
˵ƷļֵתһֲƸĸ洢öõĽǮ֮УֶΣĪδţδ
ҲĪ֮󣬼Ĵֶ֮УһˣֶΣ䱾Ҳֳܱܶණͱ˵̲Ϊֽ˲١
ҲӦõģ˵Ǯ̲֮δĵ·ѾǳˣֻҪԼڵĵ·ϵȥܷΪ컯һ㲻˵ǳΪһλߣȫǰ϶飬ʲô⡣
ĪһʶԽǮеƷȡ
еöõĽǮжһööĽǮȻµһööǮ̻һƷ
УĪԸоˣԼеöǮԭڲϵıᣬֱһƷĪóʱеöǮ׵ʧȥȻֱӴʧˡ
űÿյ֣ԼǰһѵĶĪһĨ֮̾ɫĿⲻɵٴο̲̾ǰִֶΣ̾
̲ԣֻЦЦûиĪӽʲôֶΣֺֹģǴĹܵĻЩ﷨ֶҪ㣬벻ϵ⣬ֶŵ㣬ںƷļֵǴ
ЩҪͣȻҲûбҪȵ֤ʱ򣬲ȻȻͶˡ
Щϣǰ͸ģ֣ҲûʲôϵлһǧöǮڰǧöǮ֮Уɣ̲ĿƳһĪߵЩȻ˵
ҪĿģʵǰЩ͹εĿģڸĪӣĸ߲㣬ҪƵͼֺ֧ӡ
ĪԣߵЩһӣЩȫȻ̲˵ףͷǰһˣҲǰ֪λǰһᾡͬʱҲСĽ
̲Щ͹ֶԼҪͼ̬ȣĪҲԼ̬ȣĸ߲֪飬Լġ
ĪӵĻ̲֮΢΢˵ͷĪӵ˼˵ôһôҪĺףҾѾ֪е˼Ҳ֪αԼ̬ȣ̸ʱǳʡġ
ҪʼͼĻõʱܹ²һ£ȻƵʱ򣬽󷨵ķ򿪣ԭĻѾˣСһЩô˵裬֮УҲЩˣԼ󷨣΢һЩ
̲һ˵ţĿ⿴˵Χ󷨣ָ֮˵Ҳס
Ī˼ҲӦðԼĵ²һ£֮ǰûʶһҲˣʶһ㣬ǾͲò
˵ԼѾãͼʱҪ򣬻ȥͥƣԱ֤䱣ԣ֮ǰԼҪڵ֮УǿһԼķҲбҪġ
Լտʼʱ򣬲ûаﵱͣĵطԲõĲűȽϲʣʱҲˣĪԺҲŲطˣȷҪúõĲһ¡
Ī˼Щ̲ȴѾվĪ˵Ͷģ͵ˣҲˣҪĵǮҪȥȡˣͬĲһ𣬵ʱԸ
仰˵̲֮뿪ĪӸæͣһֱԷԼĵ̲ӰʧĪתصԼĵ֮УղյĶ
ЩͺԼͼĶ޼ǶķЩ٣̲˵Щĸ߲͸ϤһµģԼвϣһ㣬ܹǰϤԱ㵽ʱƵʱ򲻳
ĸ߲㣬ҪƵͼǼ˺ȷ˶ҵ֧̬ȣȻˣǲְɣڴ֮ǰػ󷨵ȷӦòؽеĶ֮Īﲻɵ뵽
ڵңνǰδеķ֮ǰոմɻ׬һʣټЩϣѾýɾǿۺˡ
ϵĲ㹻Ҳ뷨ĪӶͲԥĿʼԼ󷨣׼²һ
ĪӲ֪ǣ̲뿪֮ʵλɾǿߣѾΧڰйע
һĪʶ֮ǰйӴ񣬶һλһòЩĽɡ
λɵĳֻ˵ͨٴһƽƽòºӡ󣬵Ķȴǳص㣬رĴ󣬸оͨ˵Ķ䣬Ȧ࣬ԭǳƽò˫䣬Ե÷ǳصˡ
λ䳤ĺܴĽɣվһ𣬰пĪӿٵĲԼ󷨣Ȼµ󷨣ͬʱҲСĽš
µѺʹӽӴоΣ䳤ıȽϴĽʵ
Ϊףս˫֮ѡԥĿ˵
Ŷû뵽µѾȻ˸ߵۣȽϴĽԣЩ˵
֮λҵĽǿߣĪ½СЩǿҲֻһˣĪйעһˣûȤעһûгΪɵ󱲡
˵ţûͻƵɾ֮ǰӵеǱʹʵֻ˽ɾĺ󱲣ŻᱻǹעͬһΡ
λɣֲ̫עǷĸŵˣҲĮֻ֮УѾ̫νţڻûгɳʱز۵ˣһڽɵĹؿ֮ǰʼնûа취ԽֻȻˡ
ţ֮ǰȥһЩڻһصʿսĶ֣ȫսʤ֮ʵȷǿͷ˵
ԣߵҲ΢΢ͷ۵ս˫֪Ǽ٣ǵ֮ϵ裬Īӵȷ԰ˡ
ͿĪ²ԼʱˮһĶܹĪһ裬οĪӻƳ󷨸֣һֱ׷󷨺ͷϵⷨͲǵ֮ġ
ԭҲΪĪͼʱУһߣҪĪӡ
еȻʲô⣬ĪĻĴھͷǳбҪˣͬҲ߲Īӵӡ


߰һʮ ɺ
Ѿɹˣ֣ѾȫɹھͲٻԲɾԪ񣬾ܹ֮ˣðվԼıԵĪӸԼ֮ĸоָԼµϢϲɵ¶Цݡ
Ȼ֪ǶɹӦûʲô⣬ȷĪӸеˣζʦͽˣҪ˶þܹ֮ϼˡ
Ƕɹ֣ڿٻʮʱ䣬ȻʲôԵĻʱͻᱻ̣ȵڶɴֵʱΪӦܹﵽ磬ʱ÷۾ͺˣƾʣܻᷴʱ÷֮󣬻һܹŵĵӣ
뵽ԼܿҪˣĪͬʱļӣҲǿ÷۵δ
ûĻڴϵʱ򣬵̵ĵӺͽֻڴϵʱ䳤һЩŵصҲֻܽҲȽأƹ÷ۣҲԲʲô
˵ֻ֮᲻ĵܹţĪӾӦòҪ̫ģһЩ֮УȻûرģʺԶܹùȥǳɳʱܻһܹðͷ
ңڣɵĴ£ŵķչԻǳѸ٣Ϊ÷۵ӣӦҲеһѹߴǲϵĳɳ
뵽ɣĪʵ֪ͦôˣƾڽ֮ӦþͻչȭţٵĽ׳󣬿ڣոսʱʵѾܶࡣ
ڵʵǿˣǴ֮£˹֮⣬ĵҲٲˣ֮ҲҪճ̡Ī뵽һ㡣
ҪǳĶ࣬ĪҲرףܵ÷ָػȻһһɣ׫һ£һţȰͷҪ˵
ĪһԼĴóһͼ̲Щϣ֮ʱ֮УѾʮƣʵֵĹܣ֮ǰԤķֺ޲Ϸǳ˳
ͼУĪ˫ɫĹâȻ֮䣬һƾոֶ·ϽеͼһȦȦĲƣȻִˣϵע뵽ͼ֮У֯µĽơ
Īʶȫеͼһ߱֯µĽƣһҲͼе仯ѰԼҪ޸ĵĵط
ûǣмͼֵģǼˣҲûʲô⣬ҪǷеĲܹ֮޸ƵĵطȻһжǲҪ޸ģǳ˳ļǾ͸òˡ
һķĲӿ룬ĪеͼҲתһȦ⻪ʣ͸¶һ֮ĵϡ
ֹ⻪һ̶ֿ֮ʼѸٵչâʧĪ۳һģʱҲ֮
ˣ
ĪɫĹâʧеͼаһ
Լֵͼڼ˵ʮƣٴߣͬҲûгʲôƫ
һΪ֮õͼѾ൱һƷɱˣһмļֵǱĪļһҲһܲı
Īȴ׼ͼˣ˵ûбҪ˵䲻ˣǡǡ෴ĪӶֵͼﻹͦصģֻǲʺڼˡ
ȵƳЧͼ֮ĪƳͼԻΪһսرôʱͼӦòᱻĪգǻУֵͼܹԼġ
ԼĽͼƳ֮ǰֵͼĪӲ뽫̫ʣЩעĿ
еͼĪֱӱ˫ۣȻʼ״̬תķٵת
ԭıȽϺõϢڷתʼͷųϣҲһɫĹԡ
Ī׼ʽĿɾڣԭѾһŵĽ׶ˣĪӲѹԼʱ䣬Լɾڣֶͣһʱ䣬ֲôһ˿ΪΪٶȹ죬ǷȱôһĥڣҲʱͻƵɾˡ
һɫĹâĪϵϢڼɢͷϷһ׹ͷð˳ϷԻһƬޱˮ
ƬޱˮԻľԼ͸󷨵ķܹΧ˿
ĪӵΧλ䳤úܴĽɣע⵽˴ӵ֮͸¶Īطľ󣬲ɵЦһ
СӣѹԼΪ꣬ҪͻɾˣҲãĶҲ׼òˣΪһЩҲͼƺͼ
߿Īӽʱ䣬ĪӲûʽ潻̸ⲻĪûд
ҵʱ䣬ĪҲûô뿪ҲѾڰԼȻ׼ȷҳڰеˣĪżʱҲմк
ͨʱĪӵĹ۲죬ĪĿԳƵһĶ֮ģ֮ļᶨĿҲܳԶ鲻죬ǳ͡
󱲣ɾãδΪͻƽɵĿԺܴ󣬶ĪδҲֹڽɡ
ţɾͿĪӵϷطԻľһ̼ȫΪʵʣɢһĵϣǿߣҲ̲ס˲䱻סˡ
ĪطԻľ󣬴˿̾һ㣬ƬޱˮУˮţˮˢޱˮǿŲʱ򣬻΢ĲһЩˮͨˮһ޶ƺ̺һЩʱбḡֳˮĻ棬·ܹᵽһˮĵϡ
ϸ·֮࣬ˮĶ߻һЩΪ֪ܡ
ǿޱˮĲߴ׳ɣôֱͦͦţ·һ֧صӣһָǿ֮֮ϣһƬƬҶȴ趯Ҷĥ֮䣬ҲһЩ죬¶һ֮
Ƭ·ǳİʵڶŵģ˵ĸоҲɺܰΪĶŻְĸоʧȥһݶǾͲǰˣһţ
һݶ߾֮еķģͬҲԵԲô۵ǳĹͣЩǳĴڣҲ׺һݰ
ڿƬ£ǰƬ£ȴܿðȻ£һ׹⣬˵С
ˮɣôͻˣȻ˵ãһĻһ̾һ


߰һʮ ˼ǹŵĸо
ԭΪʹһŵĳ̶ȣԼѹƴĥ˴Լʱ䣬ͻɾڣĪ˵ˮɵ飬м䲻κεĲ
ԭطֻľʧʱĪΪͻƾͽˣҲٹΪΪľǳȹˣʱĪӾӦ˫ˣƫƫʱĪͻȻ͸¶һ֮ϢԭӦ˫۵³֮С
ĪѾǳȹ̵Ϊ֮Ϣĳ֣ΪֿʼߣøոͻɾڵѾСϣŲǰŲһЩ
˼ʱ֮Ī˫ۣ˫Ŀһ̣˫֮ŵĹâһǵƣ˲ֱӡ
ʮ˵
˫֮еĹâɢȥĪвϲ
ʮ˵ʱݻɣ˵֮е飬ѾѹƵĽˡ
Ϊʮ˵ָһЩôԭոͻƵɾڵΪǰŲһЩ
ԼɾڵҲԼ֮ǰǳ˳ٶȷɿĻĪЩΪԼˡ
ɾڣһǽɾˣмҪһأԼͼƳ󣬻ûмԼҪĳ̶ȣԼ;˻һأǵʱĲ֪ᷢʲô顣
վĪϸĸӦԼı仯ɾŽɾ΢һЩ뷨
Ϊͻɾ֮ĪڵķȻǱøӻˣطҲѾʵʣ̺ĵϣ֮ϵѾǳˣĪڶһָоԼԸĻҲԽط֮УĻӦת档
ȻĪӲôΪطҲҪġ
Ϊɾ֮طʵʣĪӽҪط࣬ʼϵԪ񣬵ʶһ鴦
ȵΪͻƽɾʱطͻڹؼʱ̣Ϊ鳬ɱĽݣ֮֮Уʱ䳤ӵĳˢĵɽɵĲ⾳
طı仯֮⣬Ī֮ĸӦҲøˡ
ĪͻȻЩ⣬Ϊʲôˣ֮յ˲ˡ
һ壬ӵǿڲϵս֮УһЩѾȶĶƾԼŬȥ飬Բ̫Щ
һ棬ҲԪǿȲصȽ٣ûаټѧɵĶࡣط棬ȻԪ֮ͬУıȲĪӣ֮ĸӦҲУԲĪиӦʲôϢݡ
ΪͻƵɾ֮ģĸӦ͸ӲˣԶ֮е˲ôġ
Īӵǰ񻰴˵еˣ㣬ĪӵȻûֶΣҲ֮
ƾ֮ĸӦĪӸоԼҪѧϰʲô֮ҪȵԼΪͻƵɾ磬ʱԼйص飬ӦþܹΪĸо
ҪгһճΪ˴ߣµǸʱ򣬺йص飬Ī֪ܹӦ
ȵԺΪˣҸѧϰһ֮˵Ҳһı£ӦԼĿǰı仯֮Ī
뷨ĪںԼЦ֮ĸоΪͻƵɾ֮󣬵ȷо
ͱ˵ΧλɣĪ֪˶ԷĴڣһֱҲԷںδڣ֮ͨĸоĪԼоһԷټˡ
ĪӻߵԼĵԵȻԶش£Ӵ֮ȡһ÷ƣóƱƱƺŵһԡ
ǰգΪֻ÷һлǰˣĪȻһӣߵֻƱһ㻺ŵƯȥ
ʱڵλɣĪӵ֮Цһ£Īע⵽ԼĴڣһ֪ھԼһƣҲЩ˼ѵһõĺ󱲣Ҳһơ
ƱƯ󣬷Ȼֱʱλ˲һ
ô£ǴɣСӲҵټ
ĪӰѾƱ͹һЩԾλǿߣȴǺܸӵľƱסˡ
ĪֻоԼžƱһ˲ʧӰ٣ֻƱҲˣ֪ԼͳⱭƣλǿ߽סˣǣͶԵһƣǸңңһȻ󽫱е÷һ
־ѵĿڸУĪⱭ֮ȻЩζٿǰޱߵƺߵĺϼҲһ˳
ĪںⱭ÷֮󣬰еλǿߣڼһ÷ûʲô󣬷Ž֮һ
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֮䣬γľҲѾˣⳡ֮У֮ĸ֣ҲӦЩ仯ˡ
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֮ǰ正Щֻأ˳ɾ컯ȻճһЩأˣ˭ұ֤ʣµЩ飬ԶЩʲô׼һܹɹԣӦֻҪǲ뿴ʵǾͻᰴԭĴȥ
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ĪҲ֪ԼһĽͼֱӼԼҪĳ̶ȣҲûбҪôżʮʱ䣬ƣɹѾˡ
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ĪӵıԵ֮ǰ΢һ仯һһʯʯΡ
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ǡȻζԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ûΪĪû֣ɫκεı仯
˵ѾЩϡƽˣÿһһʶˣ˵Լֵʱ򣬶Ϊ˵ǶĶ
ǸЩˣǰһ˫䣬ȷǱȽעĿĪ΢ЦŵһǸȻϵľƱζһƵơ
ζ״ҲϵľƱؾһ£Ȼ󽫱оһ¶һĨܵı飬ſյ
£Ϊһ˫䣬ֵѾֲ֪ǵһҲһ
ζĪûԼôһ΢飬Ȼȫ⣬֮£ʵǣĪӾȻֱ죬һơ
ǰĪӻʱ򣬼ĪڽԼĵ֮ǰһӣڵԵŪһʯʯΣζʵ͵ĪȾơ
֮ǰǴΣûĪǰֳΣ̫˼ٶҪһ÷ƣĪѾˣ֪ĴڣǼĪҲԴ󷽷Ĺˣû뵽һȾ͵˺üա
òг£ǰһ˫䣬Ӧǲ򵥰ɣĪԷĻоζӦҲһȽ׽ӽˣЦ˵
Ī˵仰ʱ򣬿ζȻԼùƱָԼһ÷ƣ֪ԷӦñȽϲ÷Ƶζ˵
ζǰȳ÷ǼʦģһЩԵ;ĵ÷ζ͹ЧЩˣǰ÷ƣһӣ÷Ϊģƣ
Īô˵ζͽĿ䵽ϵ÷ϣһöϸһ£Ȼŷڿҧһڡ
ҧһ÷ζ˫΢΢һ÷ĿڸУͬǳϲвɵһܹ÷Ƶġ
÷ζֻȡһöȻְעŵ÷ϣȻ÷ζҲ֮£ǸϲⱭ֮ƣζǽȻͬġ
һζбۿĪӣжžƱǰޱƺĿڵ
˵ɣȾƣʲộҪҰʲô
ζãĪһӦòԵ޹ʵԼȾƣЩĿģҪԼɣҲĪʲôֵҪ׼ܵһĪӡ
Ļ֮ĪȴЦҡҡͷͬžƱǰޱƺ˵ǰˣĲĿĲǰȾƵģֻǾǰտлһǰѣҲҪųжȣ΢һ£ȾƵʱûһһˣ
Īӻһ䣬תٴζζһԵΪѡ
Īѵ̬ζ֪ĪӲ˵ѣҲûбҪ˵ѡ
Ŷĵʲôζٴʵ
꣬뿪ҵĵǰ͸ҽ⼸ľưɣĪӿһ⡣
⼸ľƣҲûʲôɽģһֱӣøӰˣǿ֮УҲûκεսˣεսһ𹥻ġ
壬һֱӣϵǱߣһʱ䣬Ԫɾϵսӵٶȣ΢һ㣬ӦǸ仯ɣζֺһƣһ߸ԼƣҲһ˵
Ԫսӵٶȱˣ⵹һֵע飡ĪԣıһЩȤ
ҳԭ򣿡ĪӼʵ
ʱζĿȴ䵽ϣȻЦ
ĪӼı֣ףĴ𰸣Լ֪ģ߶ԷΪԼӦ֪
пٵ˼ܿ죬ĪӾͿ˵Ѫǣ
³֮ζ̵˵ͷȻ˵ѪǣԭƾѪǣ֮ս£ӶõϢɶ˵ͬҲһϢĻᣬսˣԪսľͶһЩ
⵹ҲϢˣĪԷ׼ȷĴ֮ͬЦŻһ䣬ȴһЩ
ҪϢĻǿ϶߸ռƣҲΪһЩս£һЩɾսҲȲ
˵һ֮֮ĵݾͶҪΧŸı仯
ζ죬ĪӷֶԷ˵仯ûк˵ģܹ֮˵Ļȷʵܶ࣬ҿӽǣҲһкܴĲͬľս۹⡣
ܹ֪ɾսܹЩȻڻ½ӵѪ壬ȴĺܿ죬ʵҲܴ󣬻ĳЩ淢չЩиȵȵ⡣
Էܹ˵ЩڶԷжصս۹⣬Ҳֳ˶ԷϢͨһЩ۵С£ԷȻܹ֪Щˡ
뵽ĪְĿ䵽˶Էһ˫ϣȻϵЦŨһЩûĻԷܹЩϢӦþһ˫ˣǰ񻰴˵еһ


߰һʮ Ե
ζĽĪԭûڴŻжջ񣬵ڽ֮ĪȴоԼջܴ
֮ľƣһЩ仯һЩȽص飬ζƺȫȻأ˺ȾĹ֮УĪӽ˲ٵĶ˸嵱ǰľ֮⣬һЩصĽܣ඼Ī֪ġ
ͱ˵֮УԼϺڤ֮УһЩȻȻγɵıȽĵط
ӶԷĿУĪӲ֪ĸ죬һڵ伮֮жʵǴһЩġ
ͱ˵֮ϣλ컯棬ٵһأĪڵ伮Ͽǣ߲죬弸㣬ʵʵǣ崫˸ʿʵڶӦһ֮СΧĻ˴֮䶼ǳĿƣЩطʲôͻ
ЩطСΧʿҲѼλ컯棬̫λ컯棬Ѿܾû¶ˡ
߲֮⣬ɴ˷ݻһأζҲ¸ĪӽһЩݣ֮ĪӸоپƺûа׺ȣԼһЩʶ
ȻЩϢĪӾãջĻʶζˣһλرĽǿߡ
һʱ䣬Īÿͼ֮⣬żıԵζһһһġ
ζȻ֪ܶϢ֣ĻԸÿ죬֮˵Ľ࣬һĵ̬
Ȼģǿ϶ǶԷһ˽ĪҲһ£Ľ֮£ĪӻӶԷһЩͻƽɾľ飬Ҳа
ͼչΣ˳𣿡ĪӵıԵζжžƱڶԵĪʵ
ûֱĪͼڼʲô̶ȣֻĪӵĽչǷ˳
ţ֮ǰѾˣǰڵļչǳ˳Īԣϴһ˿Цͷ
ͼļȷǳ˳ǰѾֵ£ѾͼУʮƣȻĿǰͼĳ̶ȻԶԶ㣬ĽѾǳϲˣĪӶԴҲ֪㡣
ʱ䣬ܹհ֮ǰֵͼ˳óһ£ȻҲڼֵΪ
ΪٶҲܿ죬ûΪͼĹϵɣܺãζԣһھ֮ͣƬ̣ٴοڡ
ͼļǳҪΪҲ£ҼͼḶ́ͬҲһһЩΪ档Īӻشء
Ҳ˵㣬ΪٶȣٹʮңҪһˣҪһЩ׼ζԣĪһۣһ˿˵
ʮʱ䣬ô죡ĪζĻҲɫˣڻһأĪ֪ԼҪģʱϣԼԤڵȴҪࡣ
İζ˵ʣʮʱ䣬ĪӾҪһأĲ̫ȷǸʱԼͼܷɡ
׼һЩܹȶĶǷʲôĶõĶԣһظտʼʱ򣬵ʧز̫أֻ΢ôһӰ죬ʲôģζ˵仰ʱ΢һĨЦ⣬ƺ뵽ʲôֵÿĵ顣
ζյ˻һصľ⣬ĪһζʵӴһЩڻһصʿǶڻһϸȱ˽⣬ܷǰָһ£һЩ
Ī֪桱ո֮ϵʱӶԷĿе֪ģĪ˽һЩȴֻõ˶Էıϡ
ĿǰΪֹĪӶڻһأ˵ûκε˽⣬˽⣬ͣڲ²Ʋ׶Σû˿϶һĲ²Ʋ⡣
ǰζھܹһ϶𰸵ˡ
ĪӵĻζеĶ΢ͣһ£ȻƱеһſ˵
Ҳգô÷ƣҲӦָһ㡣
Էô˵ĪֱӣϵľƺæԷ˾ơ
ζһƵĪӣƵĿڵһأкӰѾ֪ˣɻģ޷ΪλӰ졣
ԣĪ̵ͷ
ʵһҲûʲôصģʱ򣬲Ҫ˵һܹ̾ף֪Ҿ͸㣬иҲǺõģζ˹˵
ĪӿԷ⸱ӣﲻζǹƵ˵ƽʱʱҲûм
ΪɾڣطҪ֮ΪѵĽݣԭչط࣬Ҫջһصԭ򣬱ɴ˶ζҲû̫õĹӣܿ˵⡣
طΪ̺֮ĵϣѾ֮ˣعҲ˺ϣҪطڻȥҲζţҪ֮Ĺ򣬽иںӶصϣת
ȻںطḶ́ȴô׵ģعҪõںſ񣬵Ҫ֤Լʧͺˡ
;УƾһŵĴĥͨ͸ȻһأҪٵȴصջѹԼıʱʱĻʧأǻһصԭ򣡡
ȻˣĪζĽ֮ﳤĲ²Ʋ⣬ڵõһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ζþ̵ĻĪӻһصĪ֮ǰԼƲ΢Щ룬ǳȴǺܴ
һأԭΪطΪһ̶ģȻܹɾߵʧصģҲֻ׷ĵ
ͬʱҲҪſԼԵʣҲζҪԼΣҲһο顣
ĪζĽҲһ飬ǾٻһصʱΣվԲֻ֮ջ󣬿ܻһЩ߰ѳֲסںϵĹ֮УԼ֮䣬һ߻ŵǣһҲʣ¡
ȷ˻һ֮ĪеΣգȴûие̫ĵġ
ĪӶԼʮģѾ֪˻һصԭ򣬼ѾռƣٻһصʱĪԼƣܹԼܵĲȥ
Ȼе׼ĪҲֵ׼׵Ͼб޻ʮģҲҪСӦԣ﷭
ζԼĻ˼Īӣûмٿڣֻǽе÷һȻϢʧˡ
Īദʱ䣬ԿĪһǳˣͻȻЩ棬ȵĪӾһصʱ򣬵׻Щʲô£һȤ


߰һʮ 
룬Īӻ˫ۣһЩķԼʵط࣬Īа
ΪֽһЩٶȽȥõʮ꣬ʮĹ򣬿ҾҪһˣ
ʱ䣬ƺֵĪΪһ߷ڣͨζʱ򣬶ԷżָһЩϣĪõЩ伮ԼĪΪٶȫ
ĪѾһֵʱ䣬żͼԼⷽбˣΪɺѸͣÿʱҲʱһЩðĪһЩµĸ
£ֻҪǲɵ֪Щ⡣
Ī֮ǰɾڵʱ򣬾ѾԼΪĹŹ֣²λʱ֮񣬿ʩչʲôֶΣԼٵΪոԼڶԷƺøˣҪ콫Լ졣
飬Īӻûʲôð취ܷڴٽԼΪֶΣĪȻŷҲδ
еľ֮˼֣ĪִӴУóľԪ飬ȻɫĹâΧϹճһģʼ
ЩĪӲڼͼһھԼļɱľԪУɽûмΪɽʱĪ֮ǰҪɽԭеɽ֮䣬΢ų⣬ĪӲûɵɽļѡо
ľԪڼʱ򣬳΢ųУЩĪԤϵģΪζţѾҪܳɳ޵컨壬ȻûĴ컨ѾԶ
ĪӹƣϸĵԤõĽƣľԪ飬ܹ˵ɽĳ̶ȣûа취ŵɽ
˴ԼһʱңĪΧŵķģʼɢɫĹâҲֻľԪ飬ƯĪӵǰɢһʸеĹâ
ϧˣ
ԼĪ΢Щź
ľԪǾƵģõĲϱȽϵֻһɲģⲢȱ㣬ҿ˵һŵ㡣
ΪֻһɲģԺܺõĺͽϣĪһһĳɳ൱Ĳ
Ȼŵ㣬ͬҲһ־ԣ־ԣǲϵǿȵ⣬صµģľ֮ɲҲûãľԪڣѾܹˡ
ҪŵɽĻ᲻ûУҪһЩĸͬʱʧܵļʻȽϴ
һĪľԪջأȡԼīȡ
ľԪ飬īȾûⷽĵˣĪѾмɽûвʲôųУûĻĪܹԼһֱŵɽĳ̶ȡ
ĪӸȡīȣûüʲôͻȻԼĵ洫һȡ
ĪӣҴһ
ַˣĪͷȻɵĸеһ˿΢΢ơ
ڴڻĽ׶ΣΪĪӻ治˵ʲôѾǶԷδˡ
Ī߻ûжȴٴˡ
ĪӣҪŲҴһ
һѾ͸ղŲһˣ羪ը죬Īӵ󷨶˷Ӧ
ѾǺˣǹơ
ĪеȻЩõģɶԷƫƫڻĽ׶ΣǾƺƷˣúʰһٲڣҪʰһ٣ͻ˺޵
Īīþɴīߡ
̫ԼԼĵ⣬ζλǿţ״ŵԼģҪԼһȵùλǿߵĹء
Īţ߳ͿԼĵ⣬վˡ
һȻһԼζڻһҲĪӵˣ֮ǰ
Īӳ̶ĪӺĪѣҴһһҪָʤ
ڼĪ֮ﵹǱȸղſһ㣬Ҳûиղôˡ
Īǰʱ򶼲̫һģһսףȫף¶һ˿϶һ֪ˣϵϢҲԼ͸¶һ˿Σյĸо
Īӿһ֮ĿһԷ·ڿֵζ񣬶ͶȥһѯʵĿ⣬ֱӴѯʵ
λǰʲôǲ׼һ𣿡
Ī⴫Ҫζشȴ
ڻһؿһҪһûа취ֻˣͰһѰɣһս֮һӦþܹˣʱ
һأٶô죿ĪԣЩĻص
࣬Իһصʱȴһ߸׹أõʱҲ٣ǿһưɣһλشζ
Ļش𣬿ڸĪӽɻʵҲڱ˼Ҳ֧ĪӺһ
ĪԣûٿڣվҲûж
ǱߵʱƺѾЩ˫Ѿճȭʱᷢһ㡣
Īûжζ˶һۣ
Īӣͺһɣ֮Ϊǿߵļʺܴһ飬պҲ͵ǰæˣȫԷʩΪҲǸԼ
ĪȰԼĻҲڿٵš
ʵܺһһԷüƣĪȷЩ⣬һ棬ʱ䣬ĪΪҲܿ죬ûͨսһ£Լʵ˶٣һĶ֣ÿ֤һ¡
뵽Īӱ΢΢˵ͷȻĿ⿴ʵ𣿡
ۿĪӵͷЩȲ˵ɫȴƽ
ⲻǶֵĵطȥСռɣ䣬һԵٴο˵
˵ʱһԵζ֮һģȻΧ֮Уˮһ㣬˲
Īоһռ䣬Լĸ֪ΧУԼֻҪԸ⣬ܹС
ʱѾԥĽһռУĪӼ״Ҳȥ
Īֻоôһ˲Ŀռ任֮УȻ˾ѾһƬռУΧһƬڰ·ǿһ㣬ȴûǳһƬյĺڰ֮⣬ʲôûУȫΪս⿪ٳһս
ζҲƬռУվԵĵشţҪǱ֤ⳡսս˳ʲôΣգĪӣζĪӺһȴĪӳʲô⡣


߰ٶʮ սһ
Īӿһζ˰ڳһֵ̬ͬʱҲڷŽĽ֮УֵܻһЩ⡣
ͷֿʱϣѾɢǿϢͬʱȵɢ
ǹǿѪͬһ㣬ǹĹ͸¶һϢ
̶̼֮䣬ϵϢڲϵǿƣڰĿռ䣬·Ҫѹһ㡣
龰Ī֪ԼҪȳˣȵĻԷֵʱǾʯ쾪һ
ɫĹâĪеīǰһ㣬һֻֿٵȻīȵĶˣһľɹֱȥ
Īһľɹ⣬ǰʩչĶЩͬɫһЩֿݰܵ⾳ʧˣȡ֮һֲ¶ģȫһִ
ҲĪʱĽٵĴ¶⾳ԭ⾳ϵһÿľɹԭǿ
ȣ
һٽ֮ʱҲڶˣȭ˫֣ûֱĪӣǿڴһ
ƬڰĿռ䣬һϸ΢ѷ죬ĪӸԵĸоһԼԪ񷢶һشԼԪ¡
һ¶׵ս飬һ߽֣һԷԪ񣬾һռȻĺ÷ߣûмԼķ¡
ϧǣһιĶȴĪӣһȣûа취Ӱ쵽ĪӵԪ񣬸Ҫ˵ĪӵԪ֮УԪ«鱦ػ
һ֮ſٵ̧Լ֣һȭӲĽ䵽ǰĿľɹ飬Ȼһ˲Ѿ嵽ĪӵǰһֻȭͷһĪӡ
䣡
һ޴ĺһȭеĵȻĪӣĪӵľԪ飬ɢһʸйâľԪ飬ȭͷײһ𣬾ͷ·ǵĶײƬڰĿռٴλζһ¡
ȻʱĪӵīȣֿٵıһ˥ֱܵӹ
ͬһʱ̷ģ֮£ʱԺ赲ֻûüջصȴʱҲƾյĳһֱֻ֣īץȥ
һĻĪвɵһĨɫӦԷʽе΢Щ⡣
ʵҲûʲôģΪΪޣǿĿƣͬǵһֲ˼ĳ̶ȣͻȻԼ೤һֻ֣Ҳûʲôþȵġ
īҪͻȻֻסʱ򣬳īȣͻȻ֮ͺ۶һ㣬īȵм䣬ȫѳأƿץֻ֣Ȼٵĳļϣ˳˳ȥ
Īһ£ʹõľһռֶΣóȥīȣռ΢λһ£ֶηǳ򵥣Чȴ
ɳȥ֮Īȴ뿪ԭأȻţղλãͻȻһȭͷݺݵ
Ǵռ䣬·ʵһ㣬һȭ֮£ֱӱһСȱڣȻȭͷջأȱֿٵˡ
ȱϵͬʱĪеīͻȻ䱻ɿֱ֣˿УȻīȵ·ɢһϵһѶĳߣڿռ֮̿
ľԪͷâһ̱÷ǳҫۣƬڰĿռˣԭһֻȭͷϣѾһͬʯһˮɫᾧ׼嵽Īӵǰ֮ȻһȭӳɱһĹâûа취嵽ĪӵǰȻֻܸԶӳ
һȭͬʯһˮɫᾧ·޼᲻ݵһ˲âĪӷȥ
һâ֮£ͬʯһˮɫᾧվЩδٶȱԽԽȻˮɫĽᾧȻ֮䱬ˣ̺ͬ󺣾̣Χ
һ˲䣬ƬڰĿռ䣬ͬʱɫʣһɫĹâһ־ˮɫĹââ֮У̺ĵϣԼǿ󵽿ֲڰĿռ䣬Щܲס·Ҫĸо
ռԵۿζλǿߣֹסĿռ䣬ͬʱҲЩ̾ʱĪӺֳʵ
˵ʵȻɾķ룬⻹ĪӺûȫ£ȵʩչȫʱܷӳսҪǿĶ࣬ΪԤ⵽˽ܹӳսڲŻие̾
ҵɻһصʱȫսʵҲڲ࣬ηζԵ
ţȷʵޣ֮ͬУսǿĴ֮һı֣֮УĪӵʵȴȫܹѹסǸģһ䡣
˵֮䣬һƬռ֮еĹâɢȥԭһƬڰ֮⣬ʲôûеĿռ䣬˿̶һƬ֣ȴĪӵӰ
ƯƬϷ˫۴Ž䱸Ŀ·Ƭ֣Ȼյ䣬Լֳ˺ХĻ棬ȻһƬ¡
Ȼ޷Īӵټ·Ƭ֮УĪӵϢȻ޷ĪӵӰҳǾֱӽ·ƬֻٵҲĪӵֶΡ
һĳ񱩵·Ƭ֮Уȴ˲䱻Ƭûˣ·Ƭ֣ȴֻ΢ģһ£Ȼָֻˡ

üͷ΢΢һ壬Щȷţĸ֪֮УǰƬ֣ӦʵڲģǻӪȻĪӽ˻Ϊʵóľ磬ʵ֮䣬߾ûʲôˡ
һûȡʲôɹûзһֱֻǰͻȻ֮󣬴ȫƬ֣Ȼ͸¶һ羪һ⾳Ȼ䡣
һ֮˳һ಻޾ĸо̺·޵׶ܹ
һѹ£·Ƭ֣һ̵ӣڱǿƵѹ䣬Ȼݿ۶ϡ
ȻƬֱݻٵʱȴͻȻоһգǿ·˿մ˶ЩȲסΡ
ΪһɾޣȻΪһƻգǰյĲһȲסԼΣ֮ˣΪһƷ·˿մ֮ܵһǣٽ
ҪסԼΣȻٴηʱıȴܵһȻϮȥ
ȻΪףûܵκε˺ɴ֮£ȻȲסԼΣֱ·׹䡣
֮ʱڱԼʲôǷһɫģһ㾧Ө͸滹Ҷ֦


߰ٶʮһ ϰ
ɴϮȻû˵£ǿٵסԼΣͬʱˮɫĹâΧͻȻΪģ۳һֱʮҵĺ˶С
ò˵սҲǳķḻķӦͬҲȷ
úԼʱɫ֦ͷ·෴ķĹֻƣȻ佫С
ֻͬһ֦ϣЯɫĹâһķʽתţеһ̣ͷ·ڿתŵĥһ㣬ɿĥΧļ
ڴ֮ǰΪ֧֦ĻΧļʵѾƣһҪˡ
ϣֱӳһ˲ĻᣬŸ·׹䣬Ѿˣĸ·ȻһƬޱˮͬʺս
Ȼ󣬾ҪӴƬޱˮʱ·ޱˮˮϣͻȻͿʼ΢΢תԭƽˮ棬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱһ޴У
һ̣ܵĸоһΣգ֮У½һսҪˡ
ʶһ㣬ʱȴѿƵס׹䡣
ֻһˣһݣٴԼֳһſյĻ棬Ȼԭϸ壬ʱٵĿʼգ֮䣬ͱһ׵ľˣˮеһ̣ƺ
˵һ̣Ҳͬˣˮд֮ǿ֮£Ӳĸˡ
þ޴ĽƲˮ棬ޱˮ֮վϳӯǿһҪ価йȥֲ²ĸо
˫ֺʮָ߸ߵľٹͷ˫֮䣬Ѹٵ۳һĨ⣬âǳĵ⵭Ĺâȴһ޼᲻ݣ·ܹٵصơ
ıһֳĻ棬һںߵڣ赲סһδ˳Ļڴ֮УȴѾһ˳ƺҪһٳ塣
˫֮Ĺâĳ֣ʼѸٵĴӰתΪɢƣҲԽԽǿ
֪ĪںδĪӵΣ֪ԼֻҪƿǰޱˮ򣬾һܹĪӵֶΡ
еĹʱȴͻȻ俴ޱˮ룬Ȼһòòˮһߡ
ӴޱȵˮϵƶȴǷǳӯͺǰƮһֻ΢΢ˮϵһЩ
ɫһʵأ֪ǸղŹԼ֦Դſü۵ʱ֪Īڵˡ
òǰʱ׵ΣԵ÷ǳ΢ŲƶûеǰѾһǿѹȸС
ŲҾնһ˲֮̾ͷӦ˹߾ٵ˫ƣԥǿòֱ¡
˫֮۵һĨˮɫĹâһ̣Ϊ֮Ϊ貵Ĺ⻪ȴҫۣ󣬵ȴ
һĨâ֮£Ƭޱˮ򣬼һǿƶĲҲһ˲䣬ͱɫĹâг롣
Ƭռ䣬ƺһɫĹâˡ
ռ䱻˺ѣȻ£ޱˮҲÿϿһſǳ£ϵޱˮ֮УҲϡ
ͷ·ѣĩһľƬռ֮ˡ
һֻԼΪޱˮ֮УһҼСۣ֮µǳϵԼϣȻԼϵ׵ס˾󲿷ֵĹһЩ͸׵ķϡ
޵ǿǣĹ֮£ܵʲôصƣпռ˺һĹԼޱˮĹⶼҪӦġ
Ϊ鷳ǣµǿòۿҪԼѹߵĿռ飬Χˮûа취㿪ֻܳòԼ
ѵĲϣ˿̵Ѿǿʱɱųصѹ΢
ԭҪ˳ƽ˦Լƿٵ뿪ܿɶѵĲѹ֮󣬾ͷ·ճϣ˦
ѵĴϣԽԽأޣЩܲסԽԽء
ڣ׶ߵʼ𽥵СҲһģŶѵĴѹڵء
ΧޱˮʧˣͬѣĩһľҲͬʱʧˡ
ֻԼϵͻȻ֮ʧӰ٣ѹϵǿòԭӴ壬ҲʼСձһϸϸȣĪӵӰҲԣȵһˣĪӵ
ջīȣĪӿվֱӵޱĿڵ𣿡
Īӵ仰ԭѾѿɫʱǱһһףȻľܴͬʱ˫֣Ҳ߬ȭͷϵϢƺЩ̫ĵӡ
Īӿ˿ڰԷţѾʱٴγֵĴ㡣
ƬռıԵζʱҲڿҲڷòٴζ֡
һдĽǶ˵ⳡսѾˣȻ˵ҪָⳡսеĴ򣬱Ͼ˫ڣûʲôˣȫս֮ҿԴøӲҡ
˿ȴжʱϵϢȴĹƽȣԭս˫ȭʱҲɿˡ
ĪӣɫȻЩѿǿڵˣлĪָ㣬ˣ
´ڻһأľܴʱȻףԼⳡսѾˣ÷ǳףϵףǿȣ˿ҲһЩˣԣⳡսĽҲķڷ
˵仰ʱվǰĪӣͻȻ֮оϴڶ⣬ɢһϢЩԪ«ÿһݻһʱ򣬸Լ΢Щ
ϢϣԭɫЩѿһ˲ͻһɫԭĳƲҵգ˲¶һЦ
һĻĪӣҲô£ջīȵͬʱϲϲѣɹ˻ؿŽɾһ
ԣҲĪӹһ˵ҪлĪѵİľʧ֮£ʱĪ˲ٵ鷳ϣĪܹʵڱǸ
仰˵÷ǳĳϿң˿̶ɹ˻ؿ֮󣬶Լ֮ǰΪǳҲ֪̫ãһоģûʲôõģֻѡǸˡ


߰ٶʮ 
Īӵĵ⣬ٴεĪӵ˵Ӱƾճ֡
ٴлĪѣһս֮󣬻һѾˣҪȥܹĽӽɾ磬ɹͻƣĪˣ΢΢һ׼뿪
ѿϣѽܹ˳ճɾͽ֮𣡡Īӻһ˵
ڶ֮У޻ûмɾǿߣսĺǿұҲ
˽һ֮ǿ߾ܹѪѱɱȻսҲǾǿġ
һԵԣʱ򿪿ڵҲҪصȥˣڵʺȥĵطӦ̫ԱߣԿٵĽӽɾ磬ǹ̻ǳʹ࣬ҪѪⲻϵľƻḶ́
Ȼû⣬·ģʹѾֹܹһˣԣ̶˵
ãҾʹȥ̫һУҿ㣬ǣô˵̵˵ͷ׼һȥ
֮УŮޱͱȽ٣ϵõľ͸ˣѵΪѾҪﵽɾˣúõİһѣԺܶһһ˵ˡ
˵仰֮λŮһкȻʹ뿪ˡ
ȵ뿪֮ζ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵֮·࣬Ůޣ·ģֻܳԿ࣬Ҳߵã
Īһ΢΢˵ͷ󵽣ȥ̫ԣᾭҪԶٿ࣬ݿҲǰ׳ԡ
ʹ࣬ΪҲúܿ죬һδηĹ֮УԪ᳹׵ĺڣÿһѪ֮Уմﵽɾ磬ܹѪĳ̶ȡ
ȷǳ࣬ʵߵɾʱ޵࣬ѾڸǻرˣҪۼͻƽɾѶȣޱһߣʵҪ΢һЩȻҲֻ΢һЩѡ
ǰҪȥĵһ𣿡ĪӶߵζʵ
ԣζ˰֣ȥԼջɣҾͲʱˣҪȾƵĻһʱģ
仰ĪҲûٶ˵ʲôһ֮ת߽Լĵ֮С
ⳡսʱ䲢ĪҲȡѹԵʤⳡս֮УĪѾȷļԼڵʵ
ʱΪߣĪҲĿ֮࣬ûзԼĸֶΣϾЩֶΣҲ֮·ϷǳҪıϡ
һսûʹˮǹˮֶ֮֮⣬ĪӻǾȫַӳԼʵû̫֡
ԵһλǿߣĪóıµĻҲûô״ӮԷ
һսಫĻĪܹʤ̾ԲôɣǼ˵ĪҪͲףοƴǿߣǿ൱µġ
ɹһؿʱϢһأʵҲ˺ܶ࣬ɹһأΪҲǴ棡ĪһԼķȥһŸղڶɹ˻׶֮һصϢ
ԼڵһǽԼȻʤ̾ҪѺܶˡ
ͨһսĪҲʶԼڵʵ׵һʲôĳ̶ȣͬʱĲ֮Ҳ˸˽⣬ҪصҲ˺֪
ܵ˵ĪӶԼս⣬ֶεãҲıȽԼ֮ķҲĪӵԤڷΧڡ
֮ȻҲУʲô⡣
һ·صԼԺǰĪߵǿð£ֱӾԺ֮»һղŷһսֶΣҲ˼ӡ
Īһսջ׼ʼʱĪӵζͻȻ֮䣬ȴЩֻ΢΢˶˽⣬Ȼһӣ·ʲô
˰֮ζɫ΢иһЩ飬ȻͬʱԸ飬ǳɹץһȤһҲҪ볡ˣһʱ֮Ҫüˣ
ζ֮еĽ⻺ɢƺڹע顣
ڤУںڰĸ߿֮ϣ͹ˣͬʱվĿ⿴Զռݵĵ
ǳɹˣץһƷ飬Ǿ͸볡ˣǸãջȿˡ
ԣջĿ⣬תͷȻƽĿڵ£ǻʲô취볡
ʣǻºһЩķʽǻȽǿӲĽˮɣĿҲ򹴻˵
ԣ˵ͷ
Ҳ£ַʽãԲģҲ֪飬һ룬Իַʽãס棬ŭҲǵͷ˵
ôһǺʱ볡ԣһοڡ
ȵˣһЩУ΢һʱ䣬ȴһú󣬾ֵ볡ˣ䣬ûʣֻֽתԶ
ĻѾҪ˵̫ˣƻһƶģʵʩĲ趼ѾˣھʵʩϸڣǾҪӦˣϾЩϸڵ⣬ڷ֮ǰš
ûټڣʱȴ˵һαץѩ£ʾãѡΪĿ꣬Ļ⣿
仰һĨâֽͷתһ˼޷ڸԼôܻһ̽歵˼
ԴˣʵҲע⵽ˣֻû˵ѡ
歵Ĵڣڳĸ˵Ǵһֻ̣صҪ塢˵Ҫģ෴壬ȴǷǳҪƫƫֻصȨһλС
λֻȨʱճһЩԭֻƿߣһػߣֻҲתֻҲøӹƽӲᱻ˸ŵˡ
歵Ĵڣڸ˵վһôЩ̫ĵĲأ˭֪᲻һ죬歰ֻصӰ죬ΪֻصƿߣɾЩˡ
Բͷ֮ǰ嶼̽һ£歵ûⷽһ˿ָҲᾡ취һɱѿ״̬
һεжӦû̽һ歵˼
ץµ飬Է޶ԣǱ½ԺãɶԷǳԵĿܾ꣬Ҫһˡ


߰ٶʮ ѩ
ǿð£Ī΢΢˫ĿϸӦԼطı仯
һս֮ĪӶԼʵ֪ͬʱһս֮ջʱĪҲеսԼвСİ
ΪһЩɸĺôһսĪʶԼսͬʱ״еһݹǡ
Ϊﵽɾ֮ĪΪĽٶȼֱһǧڤڤ֮һڲϵǰ
ΪϽͬʱĪʵҲЩģֽٶȣ᲻ʲôȻÿһΪԼ޿ģֻһЩԲ׼
һս֮Īǳ״ݹǣԼΪκε
ڰµĪӣڸԼط࣬Ϊ쿪ʼطͻȻٴη˱仯
֮Īӻ˫ۣһĨ֮ɫ
ҵط࣬ȷʼҵԪ֮ͬʱҲøʵˣȥܿ죬ҾҪһˣ
ĪţȻ˻վ̧ͷϷڣпٵ˼
ֵЩͻȻȫĪӵԤ֮⣬طӦڻֵġ
ĪڵΪûдﵽɾڵĶ壬սɾζĹƣҲʮ֮ˣĪԼҲΪҪʮ꣬ԼŻᾭ
ڣȴǰˣĪӸղŶԼͣϸ̽飬ĪӴϿȷӦòֶܵΣԴ׼ȷ˵Ĺ
ĪӵԪҪͬθǿ󣬵ط࣬ҪͬʿĪӺ͸˶ԣкܴռ䣬Ƿʿı׼ط࣬ȷǵԷԪڣѽݵʱˡ
ûʲô̫Ӱ죬Īӿܻǰһ׶ΣٵĻ׶ΣҲ˵΢ǿһЩ
ЩӰ죬ĪӲε⣬Ϊֱ仯ࡣ
ԭÿͼԼĪ˵ʱǷǳԣģֻҪİԼĽ࣬ͼ͹ˡ
ڳı仯ĪӽµĽЩˣҪԼľ־޴Ĳ֮ǰͼļ򣬵ȵĪӵʧصʱҲұ֤Լܹļͼκε⡣
֪Ҿһؿʱ򣬵׻ܵӰ죬Ӱ÷ǳ֮ǰܲܰͼҪĳ̶ȣĪţĵ⣬Ҳһˡ
ȴڻ׶ε˺ĪҲұ֤ԼһܹƵסԼһʱûסͼʲô⣬ӿɾִˡ
Ī˼ԼӦԼʱ䣬ɾʱĪͻȻһ·ڴڷһ̾Ϣ
ţɫͻȻԭգգ֮һƬ谵
ǣнɾǿˣĪ˲һȻ̧ͷĿա
ֻʱգѾһƬҰԭ̫ʱâ÷ǳͷ·һӰ
ģһλǿľ
ţĪӿϣƮѩӸûƲֵƾ䡣
ÿһƬѩƺͬҲһֱ˵˿Щѩʱ򣬾һֱ˴ĵϮ
ǹ򴥶ѵλǿߣһλ飿ǴƮµѩĪ˶λݵĲ²⡣
ʱĪӸоԼ󷨱ˣԼζƺҪ
һĪ̴Լ󷨵ķһӣζӰ̳ǰ
ǰλǿˣųԼǰζĪӷֶԷɫ̫ѿ̶ѯʵ
Ӧ֪λӦһλ飬ټعִ֣ľѩ񰡣ζĪӵĻһ̧ͷգһƽش
˵仰֮ζµͷϵıЩϧͬʱִôһ˿Ц˵
һλˣ飬ѾԽԽˣ֪ȵʮϰ֮飬ջʣ¶٣
ĪԣĿζƿߵζ鶼һ˿ϧ˵ĻҲûʲô⣬ɸĸоζЩֻġ
ɾǿߣûг̫ʱ䣬ûãԭ̫طŹ谵ɫҲָֻԭ
ֻ֮ȴֶһƣµѩϵĴƮ䣬˿ûҪͣļ
ⳡѩµĺô󣡡ıԵζһ÷ƣ֮вµĴѩĿ˵
ƽʱ᲻ѩĪӲ֪ΪԴ֮󣬴ûѩƮʱҲ٣ǰѩ֮һοһѩ˵ĸоȴǱ񣬷·أΪһλͱ
Īͬһ÷ƣƺҲǰѩʵڷٵ˼š
ղζĿУ΢õһЩϢ˵λѩ֮ǰУǱҲдҪԮϧȴĴ߸ȥˡ
ȻĴߵȥ֮УҲٲӰֻֻ΢һСæߣµҪߣ
λѩѾˣһԲ塢ưոݣһжԲǶ֣ҲҪ壬пôߵľٶ
УȱȽС壬ֳ˷ǳؼ顣
һվһߣдˣվһķѣӦþֻһӣǸ֮νϸͲףջҪΪսƵѡ񣬵Ȼɽۻ̣֮ȴǲܵ飡
Ī˼֮󣬿ܻվֿԣжһһ˷ĸ߲һ޷ȷ
ѾˣĴߣһֱӶģ˼֮䣬ζִĪӵĶС
Ī̧ͷԷͼζԭͺֻܴ䣬ʱִһȦͬʱֻĶɼŽ⡣
һĻĪӾζѾֻĲ֮һЩϢ
Ȼζֻ߱ͨȤĪȴ֪һλ֮󣬾Ӱ죬Ըæʵ
ǰ𣿡


߰ٶʮ ӽ
ȻˣѲʱ廹𣿡ζĪӵĻ֮󣬻ͷһ䡣
ΣںδսĪԣʵ
һʱûгȥˣĪӶͻȻľƱ仯ͦȤġ
ǻǣȫֵ飬ڤǿУ壬ڶսֻǿеģĿǰڶţǣΪڤ֮УľͱȽϼˣζеľһȻֱֱƺڵȴ˸ơ
Ī߻ûʲôͿζѾ˵ľƱУѸٵֳ÷ƣҺܿѾˡ
תͷһϵľƱĪջĿ⣬Ҳû˵ʲôԼоҲһȻ󽫾ƱشͬѾ˵ıӣѸٵĵ÷ơ
սһռƣĪƱʵ
̫ˣԼɣζĪٴηʣƺǲĪӽˣճһֱֱֻһӣǰо͸һĻȻĻ֮оͳһЩ档
ĪӶһǰĿֳ֮Ļ棬ȻһսĻ棬һ֮еĵص㣬һ۾ܿڤ֮С
ϸĴţĪܹһŹâϵ˸ȻһδεĹϵײһ֮У˸Ĺ㣬ÿһιâ𣬶һιײ
ö䣬Ҳ棿棬Īһʱʵս֣ǻ֮гֳݣ뵽ζĶ䣬ܺôȻġ
ͷֻһţͱĪѹˣһλɾǿ˵Ǿ߱ͨǿߣܹҲһ޷ܵ飬ԼЩټˡ
ϸĿŻеݣĪӿʼĵķֱš
ǰζֳĻ棬ӽƺ÷ǳԶҪսľηǳļѣֻܴµĿս٣սҲǳļңͿ̫ˡ
ⲢζͨǹֳһӽǣԭҪڤеսдߵĲ룬ζΪһλǿߣҲҵӴȥ֮̽սԾֻܽӽıȽԶˡ
ʧһλ飬ⳡսǾǶģⳡս֮ռ˵ĿԲ󣬺ܻܿԸζڷųĻ֮߻صĪӵԣһһ˵
ζ仰Ī΢΢ĵ˵ͷζ˵仰ԭ
߲սȴЩ١
Ҫѩ񱨳𣬿ɵǳʱԵĲǿ֮֮⣬Ǳ뻹һЩ֣ߡ
ڶ෽Ҫ˼֮£ϵƣս֮Уֵ÷ǳԣܹܿĽսƻԽԽ
Ȼ֮ǰҲûתǳתǾҪ벻ı仯˵歳֣λʱ֮ͻȻֱնɱһλߣҲú˼
ĪӿǰĻһΪӽʵ̫ԶԵʣϸȫֲĪҲܿŲĿ⣬ζ״̽ĻĪ˵
鲻СʱĻ㻹ǲҪ˼ϣרļͼǣսһ³ģֻǻûҪʱ򣡡
仰˵֮ζĿͻȻ´һĪӣЩȷĿ˵ǲǳЩʲô⣬ôоѾһЩҪļ󣡡
Ī仰֪Լط࿪ʼζһ˿ߣζӦҲȷֻԼǲǳ⡣
ΪĽٶȱȽϿ죬ΪԵʣҵطȷǸʵˣӦþͻļ󣬵ʱҿĻǰһأĪӰٵ˵
Լ⣬ӶԼǰؿһ㣬϶ǲ͸¶ģȵԼһصʱľʧصȫסֻٵķʽԼ͸¶һЩ
ţΪٶȣȷǿƿֲǲҪֽ̫ȴ๮һΪɣ
ԷŻһЩʱ䣬˼ͼ֮⣬ųһԼԴһЩҪǷǳҪֻҪһƪУ߻Գһ£Լ׫һһһѧ
ζĪӵĻش֮ٴζĪ˵ʱ;ЩֹᵽĪΪĽʱ
ĪӾãԼΪĽζҲһЩʲôֻǲöԼ˵ѡ
лǰָ㣬ף׼ר־ļͼȡٵĽͼɿһõĳ̶ȣĪӵͷ˵
ĪҲ֪ԼΪĿζǷ֪ԭ򣬲ԷƺǺ˵ҲͲˣζѾˡ
ζ˵Դ߱׫һ飬ЩĪģûʱˣ˼ȫڼͼϣܹڽ뻹׶֮ǰͼ
ѩƮ䣬ζ˵֮󣬾ûмĪӵĵһʧĪǿǰѩվԭعƬ̣ת߻ص롣
óͼĪصǿð£˫ֽǾͼ΢΢ڿУȻ˫֮ɫĹâһķģϵĴĪӵ˫֮䣬뵽ͼ֮У֯µĽơ
Īеͼ֮УѾʮŵƣԽҪ֯һƵѶȾԽѵʱҲҪԽ
ʮŵƣǰʮƣɵʱĪԤ֮еҪ̺ܶ࣬ɺŵѵʱԽԽˣڶʮƣڼ֮󣬺ĽƣʱҪ
һתۣʱȥˣĪʱ䣬һֱǿŰ£ڽͼļмһҲûͣЪ
ʱУ֮ƮĴѩҲһֱûͣ£ֱڣƮѩֹͣղ·ļ
Ĵѩضһλ䣬ı̾
ĪӵУƯ˫֮ϵͼʱѾһΣͼĻ棬ڼٵķű仯һתĹתЩʱ򣬴ĪвʳķģʱҲֹͣˡ
ڶʮƣˣ
ͼƮĪӵУĪסӦͼĪӹƣͼҪﵽԼҪĳ̶ȣҪʮҡ
ʱЩһü̽һ㣬ĪӸоԼʣµʱ䲻һ
Ϊһ̲ͣؼͼڸоԼط࣬ƺ΢΢һЩ
ٶȣȵԼ׶εʱ򣬻治һܹͼʮơ
ŬɣʵڲУʱҲֻͣˣĪпЦһȻ˫ٴɫĹâ


߰ٶʮ ޽
嫵ǿ֮УһϽɫۣһſŽɫǳ׺Ӱ嫵ǿ֮УͥŲһ㡣
δСͨһ޶嫵ǿ֮УӰӦԵúۣǷǳСŶԣӰǿ֮Уȴûκܹ
ǿ֮еߣǿնĽŲһߣǳԵһſǳӭĵ
ĽŲȻ죬ÿһоҲߵòʵǿ֮ƶٶȴǳĿ죬һ֮䣬ǳ׵󣬼֮ңǱһƬ
һɢǳ֮ǰʱĽŲͣ
ǰɢǳСӦһǣǾƾɫǳ֮ѾԿǣһת
վ֮ȫûмǰ˼ͬʱҲûκεĶֻǰվ·ڵȴʲôֻüĵһɫƣ΢΢תš
ǿ֮Ӱϳ˭
ԭվƬ̣ϳǰɫϣڴ߳һӰȫ֮Уϴһʱʼյ⾳һߵϳǰ
ʲô£֮еӰʱ֮һ֮߳󣬿վϳֱӾͿ˵
ѩˣǱҪ帶ۣϣԳ֣ϳüĴɫƻתţȻޱĿ˵
֣ԲԤڵķչڻʱ飬Ӧ֪δҲӦܹ鴦ã𣿡֮еʱ֮ƽ˵
ǹƣҲĴ̽Ҫ飬򵥵İ취壬ͬţ˵ǸҪĶҲǣҲϣһΣҲӦòϣҪϳԣͬǳƽ˵
ϳ˵仰λʱ֮ȴƬ̵ĳĬ֮У֮ٴ
֮׻֮ڳֻܻһһʱľƣܸı̫Ķһʱ䣬һеͼӵԣҪҳֵĻʱȻ֣
𰸣ϳüͷ΢΢һ£ԶԷ𰸲Ƿǳ⡣
ʵǸ֮У˵ʵһˡ
˳˴أ뿪˾죬ǿ֮ռݵĵ̣ҲΪһ歵ĹϵϷ˲١
ȵͼʣȻٳ֣仰ûʲôëϳȴΪ˵һܺõѡ
Ҫģһ˵Ƚȶľƣⳡ֮ĿǰΪֹ߱ƵĻ壬ֻҪܹȶסƣ֮Уܹһλ컯棬һеⶼӭжˡ
ԣϣϳܹ֣һ壬Ϊɵ塣
üͷչϳ˵˵ڸҪһΰȵʱ䣬Щ֮У˭컯һһⶼӭжˣҪľʱ䣬Щ㶼ף
Ȼ֪ԼٴεȰ˵ӦûʲôõģվԼڵϣϳȻѡȰ˵һ£Ծɱһ˿ϣһԼȰ˵ܹǰʱ֮ȥأ
˵ˣӦҳֵʱһֵģ˵ڣ㣬Ͳʲô⣬ǿ֮УĶ֣λʱ֮΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
Ȼ֪ԼȰ˵ʲôãеһ˿ҾôҲϳеôһ˿ġ
ãȻ㲻Ը֣ǾͰҵķֻϣĵҪֵʱ㻹ܹҵһʵʱϳʱ˵ƽɫҲûʲôԵı仯ȴܹ˸оʱԲǺܸˡ
˵仰֮ϳֱתʱķŲĲһһʱķȥǰ·֮УԱȽϽӽһſǳâȫøˣ·ڶ
ϳ뿪λʱ֮ҲתصԼǿɫǡ
ֻתһɲǣ촽΢΢˶ǿ֮һ޷Ļ
壬飬ȵϴҪ
صɫǳֵ֮ǲ⣬ЩԼ¶ʵݣ˵ĸоַǳģ˿С
һָֻ֣֮һ㣬ָǰ֮ͻȻһͷ·һƬˮһ㣬ﻹһˮ
ٸһٶȣһѣܿ죬Ҿܹջˣ
ڼ֮ɫǳɢɫâͻȻ֮ЩľǳЩãȫûǿ֮У·׹ʱ֮ڡ

΢һ˿ƣĪӿеͼͬʱڷɿתڵķ
ԴΪͻƵɾ֮ĪӼûھķأָֿоڣΪﵽɾڵĪӣȴٴᵽָо
ڰķڲϼͼĹ֮УĴˣͬʱԪҲ˲٣ĪӸоһ־ΥƣС
û뵽ԽѶȾȻô࣬ԪĶЩϣеͼڷĻָĪš
һΣȫǲ߲ݼͼµʱ䣬мƬ̶ûͣ£ԭʮƵͼѾ˶ʮĵơ
ԭĪӾãԼӦܹʱУʮƣʵҪԤ֮еĸһЩ
еͼʱĪӼ£óԪ«ȡһڻָĵˮʼĿָԼĵķԼĵԪ
һıȽϴҪ׵Ļָܵûϼʱ䣬ĪڸоʱԼ˵ǳĽȣԱҪٵĻָģȻӽͼ
֮Լ뻹һؿ֮ǰܵҪͼļȻڵٶĪӲһܹɵˣ겻ɣҲܺԼԤ̫Ļǿܻܷá
תڵķĪӵʶ뵽Լط֮УоԼطֱ࣬øʵˡ
ȥԼһأʱĺܽˡ
ĪԼͬµˮҪָĵʱĪתķٶͻȻּ֮ӿһЩԭһЩָܻķѸٵĻָϡ
֮󣬷תŵķȻʼˣʶط֮еĪӣʱҲоԼʶУһէ֣Ī뵽һ״̬ڵһЩ⣬״̬֮£ٵĵõ˴𰸡


߰ٶʮ ʱֶ
ĪϵϢϵѾɫĹâǿŰҲ˹â֮С
Īһֱ֪ԼΪĽٶȲҲͲµλʱֱ֮ʣͬҲһֱڷš
һλߵֶΣĪÿʱ򣬶ϸĸӦһ£ҲûзֶԷͨʲôʽԼģֱһ̣ĪԼΪʱ򣬲ڲôһ˿ߡ
ڵķٵתʶҲǳеɻ󲻶ϵĽ⿪Īһ̷·оԼͬһȻԼǵЧʣȫת޵Լϡ
عת֮Уʱ䣬Ĺ֮һʱĴڣش֮ǰҲԽ֮
ܵСʱʱҲ֮ˣ޷׷ԴͷҲ޷׷յ㡣
ʱת֮ܿܿʱĳ֮Уеϲʱĳ֮м¼еĳҲʱĺӵ׳
ǿܹ֮ϣϵĲ⾳Ҳʱ䳤ӵ
ʱĳ֮УؿĻȥһ֪жôĺʷĳЩʱ֮УЩѾΪɾϵǿߡ
˳ʱĳǰĽ֧Ǵδ֮ĿܣһѾĿܣͻΪڣҲ֮Ϊˡ
ÿһʱ䳤ӵ֧֮УһԼں͹ȥ̶Щʱ䳤ӵ֧Ҳ֮ɿݣֻʣΨһ̶ں͹ȥ
Īڣͷ·ǸӦԼδʱ䳤ӵ֧֮У֮ԼЩʱ䳤֧֮еԼͬҲջģȴڵԼ
飬ĳ̶ֳϣȫһʱۣһֲ˼ֶΡ
൱δ㣬ڸڵͶʣڵʱ֮ǿߣҲֻܹ˵ûܹ
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Ȼֶ䱾ľҲܴĪӶʱ֮ûʲôҲܹ뵽еľԺѡ
оʱ䳤У֧֮ڵԼĸоǺֻܳǴŹ˲ʱʱ䡣
ʱ֮ĪӾʧȥָӦͬʱϵϢҲʼɫĹâҲذ
Ƭ֮Ī˫ۣ̺Źâ˲ֱӡ
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ĪվɫȴǷǳأλʱ֮񣬴ûһֶȫûڹ
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ȵԼͻƽɣԪ«еһݻϾɾ絽һʵ̫ˡ
ԷҪԪ«ô֮Ԫ«ӦòܹԷҪԵȵԼͻƽɾ磬ӦþԼΣյʱˡ
뵽ԼҪٴλˣĪȷѹСѹԵĻŵĳ̶ȡ
ԼѾô׼ܹ뵽ģ඼ѾˣȻ׼ѾˣǾûбҪʲôֻҪ̬ӭս͹ˡ
ĪܹԼ̬֤ԼܵӰ죬ȴҪһ飬ǾǰһԼΪط࣬Ҳͬøʵˡ
ԭѾԼԪ֮ط࣬ڣȫ˼ԪıԵҲ˵ĪѾڻ׶εıԵˡ
ԭͼʱͲھôһ£Īӻʣµʱ͸ˡ
ĪѾһָоԼ֮ϵøӽˣԼˮľ֮ٵĴ޵ķ֮ռֵ֮ĵϣޱȵ֮֮ӦĹתҲͬޱȵ
ĪһָоԼֻҪ룬ԼϾܹʼһؿͬʱԼֻҪ룬ôԪҲ֮УңɾһɱԵĺϵ
ȻɱԵĺϵĪӲɵȥԡ
ʣµʱ䲻ˣֻڻڹؿʧصĻǿҵʱ򣬼ټһʱͼֻҪʧصӾ磬Ҿ͵ͣĪ
΢ЩðգϾ˻Ĺؿ֮ľĲȽϴ󣬵ʱһЩ嶯飬һĪһͷֱӼɵͼĽܿǽôõĳɹϵ
ðյľĪҲһЩģԼ̫ˮܹõõĶɲ֮⣬ĪĵԼԪ«
Ԫ«ߣĪϣڵ¯֮ͶɵģԪ«ƳɹˣԪ«ǿȣҲͨϵĽǿֻǹ̷ǳѡ
׶ΣʧػȽϴᱻŴԪ«˵ܹǿǿȵġ
Ԫ«Ҳûа취֤ĪȫӰ죬ĪӾãӦûһЩɡ
ЩͷĪӺܿ͸Լʱ˰ţȻҲûиҼ飬óͼһʱ䣬ͼ
Īٴ뵽ͼĹУͥڣʱüͷȴ΢΢
ڸղţоʱ䳤֮Уλʱ֮ʩչԼֶΡ
տʼʱ򣬶ԷֶλȽޣɵ˺Ǿȫȥˡ
ҪֹʱѾЩˣȴܹĲλʱֶ֮ԵĿĪӡ
ղʵѾע⵽ĪӵˣȻ󷨵ûа취еϸڣܹô£ҲٲµһЩĪڵ
üͷ𿪿ڸ֮ͥе̲ĪǱ߳һЩ⣬ΪѾӽ׶ˣȥһˣζһһЩ˻׶֮Ϊ⣬ǿмͼҪʱʱȽͼ
Ƹе̲˿ԼµĵǮĴ֮󣬲˿ĵ̷ͷϵĹǰĪӵĵ
ͬʱ̲ҲǳľȣͬҲû뵽ĪӾȻѾҪӽ׶ˣζĪӾɾҲԽԽˡ
Īı֣ͻƽɾĿԷǳĴɹͻƵĻĪӾпʼСĽǿˡ


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̲Īӵĵʱ򣬵һۿˣһֱĪӵζ
˿̵ζѾֳΣվﰲĵȴţĿֱĪӵĵоͬڷʲô
ڿ̲֮ζĿŲϣɫ΢Щء
̲Īӵĵ֮ǰһֱˣŷĪһ˿仯һû壬Īϵ׷ʲô仯
վζʵڿǣԼҪҪĪӵĵ֮УĪӵϵ׷ʲô飬費ҪԼİڿ̲ζѾȷˣĪӦõȷһЩ飬̲ò
ζı飬̲Ͳµζ˿룬ҲûŽĪӵĵУζߣ̸
εڴˣɲʲô̲ЦŶζʵ
ζ̲Цݣ֪飬ӦòǺܻҲӦòرء
ӣζԭЩŵģһӰ˲٣ֻҪ֪鲻رأͲرʧְ
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֮ǰȷһЩδü̽飡ζתͷһǰĪӵĵȻƽ˵
̲ԣҲûʲôӣֱӾ˵Լһԭ
ζĪ˵ԭ֮󣬲ûбֵ̫ȣ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
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ʱ֮񣬴ߵֶΣ޷ζ̾
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ڸղ˵֮䣬ʵעĪӵȻ󷨵ڣ֮еĪڵʲô˶޷ƾλǿߵʵҲӵַǳǿԤУ֪ʱĪӦˡ
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һ˲䣬ĪоˣԼ飬Ǳ̲֪ˡ
ҲԣԼƤ£һЩĴҲעԼԼ飬ǿ鷢ͬʱͲ֪ˡ
οһΣλʱֶ֮μûڣ¶ԷֶεȷǳӦҲеĴߡ
ȻϾҪ뻹׶ˣڵķһΣһأ̲ڴĪһ֮󣬻ؿ˵
ղŵһ̽飬Ѿ֪ˣĪ޴ʲô̶ȣȷǵ˼Ҫؿʱ
ʱĪӣӦѾһЩˣֻǲ̫ǿҡ
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̲ʱĿпܵľˣϾԼڱ߲˵ĿأΪԼͼ
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̲ĪӰԼ˵Ķ˵˳ھ뻹ؿʱȷǲˣʱ֮ڣ϶ûа취ͼļġ
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Īֻץһʱ䣬ôҲԼļһЩ߲֮ĿĪȫܹ⣬ͼ
̲ĪӵĻվԭ΢˼һ£Ȼ͵ͷ
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лǰ⣡Īԣ˵ͷ˵
Ȼԭļƻг룬ѾˣѾԽϺõˡ
ζ̲˺ܿ뿪ˣ뿪֮ĪҲûм飬ܿͿʼó򣬿ʼݽơ
ʱ䲻ܹ࣬ģץʱ䣬Ƶݺͼ


߰ٶʮ 뻹
Īӵĵ⣬ζ̲վһ뿪Īӵĵ֮ûѡ뿪ѡʹĪӵĵ⡣
λǿߴһһûһš
ʱѾˣϣ⼸ʱ䣬ܹһƣҲ⼸ʱ䣬ĵȴˣζԵ̲˵
޹ؽҪǶȼѣ⼸ʱ䣬Ҳ׵ȣôԺεġ
жͬΪɾ磬Ĵ٣Ǻú˵Ļȴ٣֪εߵĵ·رһֱúõ۵һûҵᣡ̲ԣתͷЦ˵
˵ߵĵ·֮УرӦŶԣ߳ԼĲƸ֮ߵ񣬿Ҫ˶ãܳΪߣҵȣ֪Ҫȶ೤ʱ䣡ζԣ˵
ĽǿһλңÿһǿߣδȫʶҲԷ֣֪ԷһЩ
ÿһǿߵƽóһ£ÿ˶ԼķɣÿһҲֵñհ
֮УһЩˣǵĹ·ǳľʣǵĵ·Ҳ̲ˡ
ζĿ佱̲֮΢Цһ£ȴûзһ仰Ϊǰĵ·ѾˣΪ߶˵һ϶飬ⷽûʲôǫģȫ
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ʱڵ֮УĪɫĹâһۣϵûǰͼ֮С
ͼı棬˿ѾһΣͼͼҲڲϵƶš
ڣĪӶͼļѾƵĹؼʱ̣ڵķһķģǰͼ֮ӿ룬Լķ֤ܹɹֻڳʱʱڽų
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Īߵһķ˲ʧֵɫâҲһ
ץסǰͼĪӿͼıַ˱仯ͼа̾Ϣһ
ܶʱ򣬼ƻԶϲϱ仯ͼԭʱ滮㹻ʱ佫ʮϣڣֻܴﵽʮˡ
Ȼδȫܹﵽ̶ֳȣĪѾǾˣԴ֪ԼʱȽϸ֮Īȫǲ߲ݵ״̬мϢȫľͼļϣҲûʲôϧġ
ĪӽеͼȻͽУȴλǿ߽̲ԼʱൽˣԼҲӦðͼ̲ͥͷϵıܡ
⣬ԼͼڣҲʱĸ߲㿴һԼͼĽ֪ͼˡ
ζ̲ˣҲоĪӦýˣ˾ʹ󷨣ٴνĪӵĵС
һĪӵߣ˵ĿͬʱĪӵУһͼϡ
л̲ǰ⼸ȺͼڽǰǰغƱܣĪӿˣһ˵һ˫סͼݵ̲ǰ
ֽ̲ͼӹȻĪӺͺζ棬½ͼ̯̯֮ͼֳĻ棬һɫһĻ档
һɫ֮УƺһööɫͭǮϸƺ̫񣬾岻֪ݡ
̲˫֮УʱŽ⣬״ǽǮģ
˫ϸĴͼƺܹ͸棬и֮һԵζҲͼɨ˼ۡ
Ƭ̲֮˫֮еĽɢȥȻ־ͼĪӵͷ
һͼȥƱܣȵɹ˻׶֮󣬻һʱ͵
ĪԣҲͷûڼ˵ʲô
ͼ̲ûټ£ֱӾת뿪ˣֻʣĪӺζˡ
һƱζЦŶĪ˵ʱ䣬һһ÷ˣһҪȵƣͲ֪ǺˣҲͻƽɾ֮󣡡
ǰҪ뿪𣿡Īԣڶζʵ
оԼ˵仰Ƿϻζ˼ѾˣҶԷԼߣΪԼͼԭԲһֱԼͼʱͥԼǾܵĴڵУɹ׶ΣԷһҪһֱԼ
ôһλǿߣǾ߱ͨĽǿߣҪĵطܶ࣬ĪӻûͼļζҲһֱԼŰɡ
ζĪӵ֮ص˵ͷͦʱˣҪɹؿҲҪ飬㻹ָһλɣܹһֱ㿴ŵ
˵仰֮ζͷſеľƱ̧ȥĪӸ˵ͿԷԼ˰֣ȻڽŲн֮䣬νرãֱʧԼǰ
ζʧĪҡͷЦһԼʱ䣬ҲȷݳޣһλɾǿߣôʱԼĵ⣬ԼһɣĴȷһܹеġ
һڽеľĪӽƺ;ƱûһͬȾƵˣȻҲûһͬȾƵȤ
ڶһ磬컹ûĪӾѾǿð£һʼϸж
ʱ䣬æͼļĪѾкܳһʱûˣͼѾ̲ˣĪӾ»ָԼΡ
еľĪжʱ򣬶ڵ֮еݣȻоһЩӣѾӦˣʺԼ
ĪӲж֮УڵķתٶҲӿһЩ
ĪԭѾҪԪ֮еط࣬ڷתٶȼӿʱԪ֮С
һ˲䣬ĪȻֹоԼԪ֮ڣ·һһĺȻţҵϢԼԪ֮ڡ
ĪӸоԼһ̣·ѾںˣתĹװ׵ĸԼͬʱһЩعתһЩµĶҲԼԪ֮С
ЩϢʵ̫Ӵ󣬾Ī֪ЩϢԼܴĺôлĪһַ꣬ҪȥץԼͷ
ֻûоĪӾǿеİָоѹȥսеĵԼղͣµĵطʼж
ĪҪԼƽ򵥵ķʽǼԼδɵΣĹУȻȻͻƽ
ʱ˴ԼʱĪڽˣеĵĪѾƽ˺ܶࡣ
оԼڣƺѾ֮䣬Ϊת֮еһԼ֮ĵϣͬǳԴԴϵԼڡ
棬ԭָо


߰ٶʮ 
Īյڿ˻ؿ֮ĪӸоԼڡ
ȻںϵĲǵֻԼطѣֻطΪ֮ڣǴӽ
һιĪƽַ࣬ȴʼմڵģļ䣬þõĲɢȥʱţָоڱøǿҡ
ĪѾܹоԼʱƺȫ˳һ㣬̬ѾһЩ仯
ʱֵʼ˼÷ۣ˼Լʦ÷˼Լĸĸֵܣ˼Լհףвһֳ嶯Ҫȥϼǡ
֮ĪܹƵסԼΪǳԼڻĽ׶Σֵǻ׶ζӰ죬ԼҪܵĿƵסԼ
еԽԽĪӣֱ뿪Լĵһͷ·ޱƺ֮УѰƮ·ɲģַʽԼķ꣬ͬҲӦԼڵ
ޱߵƺ֮УĪһѰΧĲϣһ˼š
ĿǰؿӰ컹ʧȥǣЩŴ󣬵ȷܹһЩãһһЩӰ죬Ż׶ν̼ӿ죬ܵӰҲܹ𵽵ãվǱȽޣӰ죬ҲԴԴأ
Լľ˻׶ΣĪ֮ǰ˽⣬ԼĲȣʧصԭĪѾ˽һˡ
طԪ֮ڣԭΪµĽݣͬʱصںϸӽܣںطĹУطȻ֮
ʱ򣬳ع֮⣬ֹ֮УһӰĶͻΪ谭ĥ¡
˵Ī֮ˮľ֮ٵĴԼ޵ķ֮ռ֮ǳ֮ȵȡ
ٵĴ˵صĸУתݣֻ޾֮Уڤڤعš
飬ϲٵʱǵԹޡʵȵȵʱϲ֮
ûʲô⣬µĳ֮󣬾ͳع֮УһЩմȾĶ
ЩӰ첻عתڴڻ׶ε˵ȴһ鷳طԪ»ݵʱЩܹĸоǵʧص֮һ
֮⣬صջ󡣲عתĵϣĪ֮ǰβ׷ģЩԼܽˣ·ֻҪԸ⣬ܹصı֮УӵЩ
ʵϣջ壬еһ֮󣬶ЩȡԲܶȡͻԼУںϡ
Ҫںط࣬߱ҪſԼȥںط࣬ջͱøˣҲǵʧصһԭ
ʧأȻҲŴʱʱľпܱͷԣʱܹģֻʱʱ̵̿취ԼƽʵڲҲԷйһ£֤Լʲô嶯顣
֮ǰȵ׶εɣĪӾǵǷй
̯Īޱߵƺ֮Уץסһͬһ㣬ͨףǳεʯͷٵУȻͣɳޱߵƺС
Ī̽ķΧĿǰջҲֻһͬһʯͷѣĪȴ̽ˣΪ̽ĹУѾоԼһ˿̰ջŵһݲϺ̰һ˿ҪٵĽΧԼܹõϵĲһɨյơ
Īڻǳѣ֪Լý̽ˣĻ̽ѵʱ佫ܳ
صԼĵУĪ΢һЩʱ䣬Լһ˿̰ʧƽ
һңȻԳ֣һ˿̰ʧ֮ĪӲ̾Ϣһ
̰ѾܾöûгˣԴĪΪһ̶֮ʲôöǰҲûв̫ǿҵ̰Ҳû̫
񣬽ޱƺ֮̽һȦѰҵһɲĶѣе̰ͱϵķŴ󣬼ЩԳ֡
ƽ֮ĪӻصԼķǰǿð£״̬
ȻĪĿǰѾ˻ؿΪɾ綥壬ȴǲһЩȻĲ̫ԶĪӲطĲںϣΪҲﵽɾĶ塣
Ī֮ͣҲԼƽһַʽͨӿطںϣԼĶɹ׶Ρ
ڵķתţĪϺܿһˮɫĹâԪ֮УԪ«·ڲתţֵѹͬʱǿԼ
Ԫ«ĪӷֵѹĪӶʱƽ˲٣ͬʱоԪ֮еط࣬ںϵٶƺˣԼ֮ϵҲͬøӽˡ
Īӵʶһ̣·˳Լط֮࣬С
ʶ֮еָоЩĪǸǿյʱָоһԪͷ֮ɢһַǳֲٶȣ˲䵽֮ĸ
Īӿ֮Уӹľ󣬿Ƭޱ޼ʵƺУԼûеĵط
״̬£Īӵһ˽⵽ԭޱ޼ʵƺУʵֻⵥƺͬһЩľ
һһʵɽ壬ƺ֮У֮䣬ΧҲǰƹɽ峹׵ڱΣ˿塣
ɽϣһǳǿϢ壬Ӧĳλǿߡ
ޱƺ֮еһһǳĺһƬһ㣬лвٵϢмǳǿӦˮ֮еĵ̡
һЩĵطҲͬǳأȫͨޱƺǾ߱Ŷ˶ʵľ
ĪӵԪͷһЩƺ֮УȽȶСռ֮ڣеľһЩСռУһЩӦǱռˡ
𣡡
ͻȻ֮䣬Īһ·һͻȻըľף⧲֮±һ඼ݺݵһ£ԪҲܵ˾ţɢ֮ЩԪͷҲһɢ˴룬ʶٵ֮䣬»ع鱾塣
ϧ˫ۣĪаһϧһУһ򣬲ԼԪͷѾ˼ĵ̣ĸȻܷԼȥ̽


߰ʮ 
λһݹ⣬ĪӴԼΧƺ֮뿪ѸٵķԼĵлһŹţһɫ
ջ񻹲֮ҲһɲģӦܹõϣԼĵУĪӿеĹţĵͷ˵
˵ͬʱĪҲƽԼһ˿̰Լƽ
⼸ĪӶԼ뻹ؿ֮Ŀǰ״̬ӦĲĲĿǰûи̫Ӱ죬Ϊ˾ĶɹؿĪӻ취ӿطںϣͱ˵ڡ
Ī֪Լޱƺܻ֮̽Լе̰ˣԼһĿ꣬ÿνޱƺ֮УֻҪѰҵһɲģҪ뿪ѰңеڶɲľͷԼߣҲҪӶķ
ַͨĪھܵĿԼе̰Լ̰Ӱ죬ĿǰַһЧģȷ΢΢شٽطںϡ
ԼһεջĪĿ䵽ǰޱƺУ˿ʱ仹磬ΣҲֻȥ˰ʱҵʱ䣬µһŸոտʼ
ǰƺڣ̫䣬ǰޱƺУǰƬƺӲӵģɫǳ
Īӣһľ˵õվפһ£ڵȫǰʲôģǾЩоȻζ
ʵָоǰƬƺУԼĵ֮УĪͬҲָо
յĵֻԼһˣоһ˿¼ţҲ÷ǳģǼªķݣҲŲô˳ۣǿðҲĪӾЩŤ
Ī⼸첻ֹһ嶯ҪԼ֮еһУȫƷؽǿðӵȻ÷ȥ÷һŴԼĵ
סֳ嶯ΪʶԼڵЩоΪԼ˻׶ΣӶֵһЩ仯ԼôˣԼɹ˻ؿ֮󣬵ʱһڵġ
ҪıһԼĵ֣ĪʵﻹиΣյͷǾҪԼֶΣúõһ¡
ĪԴһֱһϰߣǾԼһЩ˼룬¼֮УЩ뷨ǳķĪԼҳԣֻΪԼֶλƹʱ򣬲οһ·
ڣͻȻһЩ뷨δûʵֵĿܣ뽫Щ뷨ʵһ£˵ܴԼս
ַͷĪӵԺѾ˺ü죬ΪѹͷĪ⼸ļһЩʱ䣬ҳʱж
ĪڰԼöûпİټѧɵĵ伮¸һЩϾ֮࣬Щʱ䣬Լһ̲סʵһԼǰ뵽ЩЩ뷨
Щͷʱᣬһ̣ĪӿǰƺͻȻһǿҵĳ嶯Ҫ뿪죬ȥǿлߴתһת
ԼʶȻ࣬ôһЩģȥĽ紦һϴζûü֣ͺ棬Ǻ棬ԼڿԶԶİ˦ˣ֪ԼеôĳԾ
뵽һ㣬ĪֶһҪ԰һµ˼
ֻ˵Լȥһ˴ϣǻ÷ȥֻȥհףȥԼѪϵЩ󱲣ǹҲĪҿ֦ɢҶ˰ɡ
뵽Щ󱲶Ī˼ЩƫԺ֮ͻȻһٻӰǵʮǰҲһƬƺУһٻӰԼ¶øУ֪ôˡ
Īе˼ǳң뵽˺ܶ˺£ԽЩĪҪ뿪ȥط˼Խأ޲̸жǵǸѾԽԽ֪ʲôʱҿܾҪˡ
ϵϢ΢΢ĲһЩĪ˫֮вյƽ̺֮ŷḻУŲһ̤뿪˵
ĪӸշɵУٶȾͻȻȻǵǸұԽԽĪӻǴǵģ֪ڵԼʺϵܣҪľƽȵĶɹʱ䡣
ҲǡʱĪͻеһԼץסˣȻ͵ؽԼһ˦ĪӸ޷ܣֱӱ˦·Լĵ֮С
һ֮УĪصıҵԼĵУֱ˵棬ڵһӡ
ޣ
ӿĪӽԼճϵ˳ȥȻĴһԼ̶ͥķһȴ΢Щơ
ղһ£ӦͥиְԼһ£ԷֶΣǰ㶼ᣬֱӽԼ˵棬Ȼûκεˣ⧲֮£Ҳеһ˿ʹĪƵԭǣʱԼѾӳ˹׼صԼĵʱ򣬶ԷǡöˣԼǰװһ£øлˡ
ֶŵһӣϱĪҳĶ̾޲ˡ
ȥúˣʵڲеĻԼ˯һɣĪţȻһ󷨵ķ򿪣תԼķݡ
÷ۣ÷Χ÷ĵӣѾŻ֮⣬ڶѾˣ˵Ŀ⣬վ÷µǼӰ
ʦ֣һٹϼʮ꣬ҿܾȥʦˣ÷㲻Ҫģһʦܣһͷİɣ⼸̳÷ϣ÷Чﵽɲĵĳ̶֮ģʦ˼һûгȥһ佻ǰǵУȻϴЦ˵
һֽĴӹ˵ͷϵıƽʱһֻȴһĨᡣ
ΪѾʽͻԪɾ磬Ҫȥ֮ˣȥ֮ҪͲô׵ˣҪϺܾãٴμ÷۵Щˡ
Ѿ˺ܾˣԴĪӵ꽫Ӳݴ÷֮Ѿļˣԭֻʦˣֶһܱǰˣȴˣķǳ᲻á
ʦֱأдСʦһõģʦ֮ϣΪѾﵽɾ磬˵ʦȥ˺󲻾ãܸʦһһˡһԵҲ˵
ԣĿת˵ͷҲûпڡ
Ƭְ֮Ŀ⿴һԵʦͽ˶һ£һȻͻȻ¶Ц˵ʦǰ֮ϣͽΪǳ»ðҵʱ䣬ǰ֮ʦأ
ԸЩƽʱĻ࣬һ䣬ѾϹˡ
ǿҲ¶һЦݣһĸɾʣķΧҲ嵭ˡ
ʵⱾͲһ˵飬෴ߺһ˵һֵϲõ飬Ϊֳһλˡ
أЦ³֣漴λһݹգѾһӰϣ˸ߴ


߰ʮһ ʼ
ˣҾȻˣ
ǿð£ĪӸոմ˯֮һһһЩĻ˵
ܶ궼û˯ˣͬҲܶ궼ûˣĪȫû뵽Լٴ˯ʱ򣬾ȻΡ
һվĪһԼղ˯֮ε龰϶ļǵá
ǷǳɢĶһ˯ΣѼԼεĵʲôƬûκ߼Եģһֻ֮һЩģӡ
֮˵ȴȫͬģҪ˵Īˣ»һ꾳ʿҲܹļǵԼεʱεʲô
Ȼ꾳ʿʵҲǺεģһЩĹҪڰΰѵ״̬֮Ҳûм߻ᾭΡ
Īһ֪˯˶ãо˯÷ǳһڸо˶˲٣̬ƽˣԭ⼸о˳۵ĵ¿˳һЩطںϽȣҲһЩ
˯ʱҲεǰԼεԼϤˣε˺ֵܶÿĵ飬Ȼ΢һЩŲôĻ棬ȫӰ顣
뵽ԼУΪﵽ컯ĳ̶ȣһʱ֮»ִ˷صĸ֣ȻţЩ棬ĪȻЩ߳ܣҲе档
ν˼ҹΣĪ֪ΪԼɵλʱ֮ټϻؿӰ죬ԲŻΣҲ˼ľɡ
΢һֽţĪӸо˯һ֮Լڵ״̬ĺܺãʶǳҲ˿ķ꣬Ժ֮ƺҲЩбһҪĳ嶯
Ȼ֪ԼڴڻĹؿѵ״̬ԼҲĪӾʹһ£Ȼ᳢̫ΣյֻǳһЩ򵥵ֶζѡ
뵽ĪӾԼΧĸ΢СһЩĸյеһҪһЩֶΣʡ
ִӴ֮óһĪӽʶ̽УһĶеݣһ˵ҿ֮ǰо̫ˮѾˣټ̫Χʱǹˮ䣬ҲãҪ֤һµĶ̫ˣΣյҲǳĶ࣬ѡһΣյȿʼɣ
Īӿ֮Լ֮ǰ¼뷨ûо֤ĺܶ࣬һ۾ҵһоôΣյ뷨׼֤һ¡
Ī֮ǰ¼ǹˮ̫ʱ䣬ڻص֮ĪӺúõоһûеõԼҪģǲ̫ˮʱ򣬸оá
̫Χʱǹˮ䣬ĪлΪصģҲԼҵһЩʧܵԭԼоĿܡ
ĪҪ֤һµģǵʱһֲ룬̫ԣ̫ˮԼ޷κε˻𣬻޷вʲôѵûа취Ūˮ
ԼҪĪͽеӴ֮ȡһͬչһķȻ΢һ˿˷֮ɫ򿪡
ʱһɳȵϢӿΧĿ¶Ҳ˲һأȻнɫĻð
֮Уŵһ̫̫ˮ̫ȻõѶҲ̫ͣϱضǣôû̫ˮô󣬵ͬãˣɼһЩ
Īеһ̫𣬻õսƷеһսƷǴλҷɻõġ
̧Լ֣Ī̸һɫĹâĪӵǰһץץס̫
ȵ̫ĪӵУȫģû˵Īӷֺ
ֵͦģܰŪˣСһ㣡ĪӼ˵
˵仰֮ճֻֿٵȻץֻ̫УɫĹâ̱ˮһ㣬һĵϡ
ĪҪ̫𻯻ΪˮҪһµİ취ͨϵķʽԼյˮ֮ϣ̫֮У߱ˮʡ
ɫĹâ֮£һ̫𣬴˿̾ҵİڶ翴ܲȶͺ񱻿紵һ㡣
Īеɫâϵ̫ڲ֣̫â˲Щͬʱԭɫ̫УҲһЩɫĹâ
ĪӸоԼеһ̫״̬ǳĲȶԼУͺһʱըĶԼԼҲоһΣա
ǸоΣգĪҲûͣǼԼĶϵıҲƽ
ˮݣȶģֻҪܹסһȾͺãȵİգӦܹϾ̫֮ҲһЩ򰡣
ֱ֮£Īе̫ɫ𽥴ӽɫ˵ɫԭŵĻ磬˲ȶ
һ̣ĪȻ佫һ˦˲ˣֱ˳ͽСĸյ죬Ȼһ޴ĺһлһɳֱȫǱ졣
ÿ죡ĪͷľԪ飬ٴĵ
ǰղվյ죬˿Ѿը÷ˣʣµһЩƬʱǸǵĺȼŻ档
ղһαըСյôˣĪӵĵҲܵһЩԭＸ֮һһƬջĹ԰Ҳˡ
ĪĿǰȴЩѾյ죬ûаۣԺ֮ȴð˸뷨
ӦûƽûպãٶΣ˵ͲˣĪӼ˵ͬʱһʣµͽСĸյ֮еһȥ
ҲԼһЩ̫ˮЧܸһЩյϣĪӼӴ֮дһװ̫ͬʱȡһЩ̫ˮ׼ʼԼһֵ顣
ЩʱͥУԭڱĿ飬˫ۣڲƸ֮е̲
ȥĪһˣҪ飬̹ȥ
̲Ĵ֪ܱȽأ˿ҵ飬̾ǰĪӵĵ
ճĪӵʱ򣬾һ޴ĺͿǰĪӵĵɫĹâһȵֱӽĪػ󷨳٣ȻΧɢ
ΧɢУ̲оһŨ̫̫֮һǶǵǳ֮оһ˿Σգ̾һ
ţ̲ľͷΪӦĪӵϢֻҪĪӻţĲ
̲һֻ֣ĪӵķһץͽľԪ鱣ĪӣֱץԼǰ
ƺûʲô˵Īӣֱ̲Ӷʵô£Լĵˣ
˿̵ĪӣѾѹˣԼղľٶһʱ֮ҲЩ֪λش


߰ʮ ջ
űԼֻٵĵĪӴ˿Ĳ֪˵ЩʲôڻؿΣգƺСһЩ
ΪԼ˯һ񻺺˲٣ڶⶼûôѹˣ;ԼӦˣʵһֱŻӰȴѾһؿӰ쵽ˡ
ƽʱһС΢鶼ǳǣղҲԼǣµʱʵȴǷǳ嶯ģǸʱȴûʶһ㣬ΪԼɺǣŷִ磬ڣʵѾǰˣûʲô˵ˡ
Ǿķ꣬ҰҼ˺㷢йһ£̲ĪӣоӦˣǿ˵
˵ʵ̲Ҳٻ׶εʿԼҲǴؿģûмĸʿڻ׶θոտʼֱӻٵԼĵЩԼŪˡ
Īոµӡ̲ᷢĪӵϣһƫƫˡ
лǰģʱӦòãղֻһԵеֶΣһǰһЩ뷨û뵽ŪӣҲЩ⣬ﻹŻؿӰ죬֪֮ѾӰˣĪԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
жԼղŵΪеǳĺڣԼѾסһʱĵǸеǳʹҲΪڻؿ̶ܴȵķŴˡ
̲Īô˵ҲղʲôͬʱҲˣĪӵĵôԼٵġ
µ˴ԭ̲֮ȴеЩͷˣÿڵ˻һؿʱ򣬸ԵıֶǲͬģȽϺôһͿˣʣ΢鷳һЩģԼһ˹΢Щ࣬˵̾͹ȥˣ鷳ľĪ֣ͻȻóк̽
ͻȻð˼룬һƲסԼҪʵһµģпܰԼɵˣһʲôΣʲô
Լһ˷˵ʲôʱΪоͨԼСˡ
øҸ˿˵Ļ°̲϶Īӣȴ̬ȱȽº͵˵
ĵѾԼˣһŵĵط߰ɣһȥ
ǰصңԼΧһͺãĪԣ֪̲˼ֱӶ˵
̲ϸĸӦĪӵϢоĪʱǱȽѵ״̬ҲûҪһֱֻ¶˾ģһҪһĪӣĪҪİԼǿɾ̫ϧˡ
ĪӵĵΧܴһƬûˣյôĪӺЩλãҲܷ㣬ܿҵһ죬׼ʱԼµĵ
ԭĵѾסһʱ䣬һµĵϣĪȻоôϰߵģµĸյ죬ҲûԼԭĵôá
ʱĪһ㲻ٸо֮ǰԼĵȤˣʣµֻǺڣжµĵһ˿
ЩĪӾܺܺõĿţЩӰ쵽ԼǣҸոջٵԼĵҲ˺ܶࡣ
ͨղŵľĪһ淢ԼЩ͹˻׶εӰ죬һ棬ĪҲԼĻ׶ΣƺܵӰء
ԼԪһǿԪ«İԳ׼֮£ԼȻǲ֪䣬ܵ˴Ӱ죬ܹһЩˡ
ݲݵʰһµĵĪӾͿʼ˼⡣
ĪӸоԼĻؿܵӰ˴ԭһԼط࣬һҪӵʵԿܵӰȽϴһҲпԼΪûдﵽɾ綥ԭΪطںһͬУԼܵӰˡ
֮⣬ųһЩء
Īӵǰһ˵˵˵ԸǾԵģڱֳԸ񣬿ܺڵԸǽȻ෴ġ
ͱ˵һ˱ֵ鿪ʣԴ˶ǳĺƣôпһԸֱȽĮһĮĵġ
ĪһȽϽС΢ˣʱܽҲٳʲôͨĪӵһЩҲ֪һЩؼʱĪʵðһЩա
һС΢ǳǵˣ֮෴һԸ񣬲һ»ôģ
ĪӾãܾΪԼƽʱ̫С΢ҲЩѹԼڻؿŻڲ֪֮䣬ЩҲһѹ֮ͷŰɡ
˵ղһľٶ˻ٵԼĵ֮⣬ûջģĪԭǹˮʱƿһľٶͻˡ
ȻûΪҵǹˮİ취ĪҲ֪νǹˮ̫Χ䣬İ취Ҳһø
ò˵еʱ΢嶯һ£ܾܹ򿪽֣ȡ벻ջ
򵥵ʰһµ֮ĪֽԼЩ¼¼УŹڻؿĪҲȷԼݣǲǵʧأʧ֮µĲЩǵɹ˻ؿ֮оĺá
Ī¸Լһ̲ǿٵĻصͥȻŵˣĪӵΧ׼Īһʱ䡣
ԭζߺ󣬾Ҫһ棬ʱ䣬֮ľЩĸȫæµԭǿ֮е⣬һǰڤ֮С
ԭ֮Ҷˣ֮Ǹ֮ˣܲĲ֣ڣֱûʲôԼԼʱ֮ƵĶƺѾҪ𲻵ʲôԼЧˡ
ߵ֣ҪӦĿǰľƣоǲ̫ԭӦýĪߵˣųٳٶûеͥ׼˭ɸ˻ţĪӳָΣյľٶ֮ǰֹܹܵ
ǿ֮Уһλ˵Ĵ£ͥǿ֮еĴӪǡ
λĪӵʶ𣬶һλͥʹһ·ϴǹ֮以ཻݣܹپ䣬ʱ˵һߣúû˼һ·Ҳ˵κεĽ顣
һǣǹλˣ̽Ǵһɽǰ˵ʹڵĵطˣǵԱɣһҪͲˣǣ
˵֮λͥʹ뿪ˣʣԼŶԷ뿪ıӰȻתͷǰɽ壬ɫû˿ı仯
ǣʹӡǣҾͥˣȻܹȥʦԺлĪһλЩϢŲԥ̤ǰɽ壬ܿ죬ȥʦˡ


߰ʮ ·
ǼʹȻĪӵţ֮󣬾Ƿǳ򵥵̣мҲûбֵж飬ֻ֮󣬲ͻȻ俪ʵ
ǷʶĪӣ
ԷͻȻôʣһĨɫŶԷ˫۹˴Լ֮Żشš
Ǽʦǰϵã
Ȼϵãʦڽɾµ֮лЩģǣͬû뵽㾹Ȼĵӣ֪ĪӵĵӣϾͶһĨЦݡ
ĪӽҲûжȴкøеģҲǵڼʮǰĪ򽻽紦ķͷ
Ҳû뵽ԼոǣܹԼʦ֣ǰλʹȻʶԼʦ
ղŶԷʱ֮Կ˶ԷƬ֮ſڻش𣬾Ϊж϶ԷԼʦ֮ǵѡ
ҪȥѰʦĻҪȥ֮УӦھ֮ҽȥϵϯӦǰ׼ڽڽһΣѵõĻԵɴż˵
Ҳǲ̸ҲûҪ̸һ˼һ֮󣬾ֱͿˡ
ԭȥĪӵǣʱѹԼĴ㣬Ҫڌһʱ䣬λϯǰ
ĪһλЩϢУѾ֪ܹģǽɾϵĸ֣ܹĸֽһεǻԵ
ԼѾ֮ϣʱ仹أȫüôһʱ
뵽Ǿ׼ȥһɽ壬ΪԼʱ֮ȴһʱ䣬סλԵ
ܿ죬Ǿҵһ˵ɽ壬ɽƵͰΧҲûʲô÷羰ҪΪһĻǲϸģûдѡһط
ѡõŵ֮ǾȡԼ֮ͥĸˣòΪҵĪ֮ĪһɷǿѡȡһţһԼĶԵֶΡ
׼ȥѡȡһɷʱ򣬸;УȴͻȻһסˡ
ǰסԼˣ΢üͷûж֣ΪŸո֮ϣȻĪ֮ǰʱ򣬸ռһЩ֮ϵڴ󲿷ֵ飬Ծûʲô˽⡣
¼ʳȣΪȻŸյɾ磬ȴǳĻ̲ססѣҪ͵ѽύһ֣סǵλΪǸһЩɾڣ˵̬ȷǳĺã˵ĸо崺硣
ǰ֮˵Ļȴ˿ûҪͶԷཻһµĴ㣬ΪǰˣĲһ˿ΣգҴӶԷϣǻһֹŹֵĸо
Щоǣǰλ·ˣԲô򵥣ĿҲ˵ôԻǾԶ֮ĺá
ԣȫûкǰ˴ֱӾƹ˶ԷԼҪȥĵطȥ
λסǵ˻˵Ҫסʱһ͸оϵϢȻ֮ѸٵתͷĿҲƺʱ׼֡
ģҲֻ㬵һȥ
ȵ֮гʧ֮˲һȥֻϵı飬֮еɣЩ
û뵽Ȼһת֮ҲŸոյ֮ϣãҼڌǣҲʲôɲˣһת֮ȥҲǹһ
ĶţѾԲܷŹݹͣ룬Ҳһת֮
ڣԼµĵ֮УĪڽԼµĵѾмˣܻҪʱ䣬ΪڻؿĪ뷨رĶֵ࣬Ҳǿһ̻Žµĵһģһ̿˼ת䣬ֻƵĹ֮УĽȵȻ첻
ĪҲżԸԼΪ໨һЩʱ䣬һֱϵԼ׶νĻԼʵھ̫ˡ
ŪһСţÿһӣףĻˮǾͿӻҲã̫鷳һЩŪɣĪһ߾ۼˮһ߿Լǰһݵĵƣ˵
˵仰֮ĪӾֱӽǰ⴦ЩݵĵΣһƬС͵ĺ֮תͷԼűȽԶһɽϡ
ɽɽվһˣһɫĳɽֳֶȻĸо
ǰͥˣֽʲôĪӲ֪ΪûиĪֻ֪ʯƽʱֻƺһʯѡ
ԷΪֻɾ磬ڵĪӣڼĪ֮ĪȴϸоһŨŨս⡣
ĪӺͶԷӴ⼸죬оλʯһλʮĺսӣ֮伸ν̸ݼΧҪҪһ
ĪȻڻ׶ΣûеҪ˴һйһµĳ̶ȣҲλʯĶ֣ܶԷҲǿҶԼ㹻š
²һתĪӰܿ͵ɽͷϣڵ֮ĪӲû̺Ե˴תͷһԼղСΧĻϣʱ˲١
ʯѣĿǰ״̬ûɣڿԼĺ֮ĪתͷԵʵ
׶Σʱ˾裬֪ԼڿܻһЩ׵飬ԼЩʱʵҲʶԼѾһЩ¶
ʱһܹһ£Ǿܹڻ׶εߣʶԼ״̬ѹ
Ī˵仰֮վߵλʯĿתȽƽûʲô飬ȴ̺һĨս⡣
״̬Ļȥһ𣿡λʯѿĪ˵
˵ʱ΢Щͳ˸оƽһϣ΢ЩƣԸкܶĲͬ
ԣĪһȻжһַĸоʶȴøˡ
лʯѣЩܵӰˣĪӶԵʯѸл
طĲںϣĪΪĽҲܿ죬ѾҪﵽɾĶˣ֮ԵģܵӰָˣĪѾһЩԼɻǲ֪֮ͻӰ졣
ڻ׶ܵӰ죬һ˵ƺҪһЩҪйһ£ԣҴһɣһԵλʯٴο˵̺һĨս⣬˿̱øˡ
ĪĿģʵĪһս˵Īӣֻһ˳顣
֮ôĪһսԭҲǳļ򵥣ɾ絥ıƴ֮У֪ĪƺûʲôܼһͬǿߣȻҪһ¡


߰ʮ 
Ҫ뷨ĪջûдӦԭǳļ򵥣ĪӺԼղס֡
ڻ׶ΣҪһҲͰˣĪյֶ֮Уܹһɱ鶼ֶΡ
ҪԼһʱϻ𣬿ƲסԼʩչǹˮôЦͿˣʱиɣĪҲ޷ΪԼѣԼҲڡ
Ϊ˱ֿԼڵĽĪӾֻһξܾλʯѵս
Īһξܾ˶Է֮󣬽ļʱ䣬ĪӷλʯѣƺûмԼսȤԼ˵Ȥûˣڽļ֮УԷûкԼ˵һ仰
ֽĪҲû⣬ܵΨһӰ죬ûа취پԷѯһԼ״̬ԱҾѡ
µĵƣھ˶Է֮ĪӾû໨ʱ䣬סԼⷽйص
ʱ䣬Ī»ָԼֻס˼оԼԵֶε뷨ԱԼµĵָٵҪǰԼҲ
ܼԼֶΣĪÿݣԼΪ⣬Ǽϸϸع͵ϣڵ˵ǷǳƵġ
ںطĹУĪӶعתԼԼ֮ĵϣӦĶǳ֮ĪӸоҪԼҪľŵԼ޵ĵϡ
ĪںԼԤУԼܹعתʱûѡ̫ĵֻǳ֮֮Ϳռ֮
ʱ̰ᣬĵĻĿǰںطĹУѾڵ
Լ޵ĵĪȽҪľ˿ռ֮ϡ
ڿռ֮ĪҪͼʱȥѧϰģȻ²ѧϰͼĪӿҲѧϰռ֮Ϊ⼸ÿһɾǿߣѧϰյĶ
ĪΪֹĽǿߣǿʵ֮⣬ĪӡģͨռֶΣ֮ȥľ
ڽǿ߱ĿռֶΣĪһֱеΪͬʱҲӵֶΣĻҪȥʲôطͻ÷ǳķ㣬Īڲռ֮ѧֶΡ
ÿһλɾǿߣߵĵ·϶ǲͬģһЩǿߣߵĵ·֮Уȫû漰ռ֮ƫƫܹڿռ֮ȥ磬˵ȥĿռֶΣʵǺѣûпռ֮ĽɣҲܹ׵ա
ĪӾãֿռֶΣعԼеĽǿߣŶֶܹΡ
Īӿʼռ֮ͬʱҲѧϰͨعתԼܹﵽǿܹȥĿռֶΡ
ڻ׶һôǾ뷨ر࣬ҲرĴ󣬼طںϣعĶǳĪĲֶ֮󣬺ܿ˽չ
Щչ֮еλʯѿС
ԴһĪսܾûмĪӽӴͬһ֮Уȴȫ򽻵ĪӵһһȴȫУĪоǿܹȥĿռֶ֮
տʼʱĪֻڲռ֮˶Ϥؼռת֮⣬ռ֮ĵϡ
ֹ˼죬ĪӿʼһЩˣһЩҶʯӣͨռֶδ͵һطֶҲǲΪ棬ûռ֮Ҳ׾ٵġ
ֹ˼죬λʯѷ֣ĪӿʼϵԼߴ򿪿ռŻõֶͨڤһµľĪͨͨڤͻȻǰڤЩʧְˡ
ҺãĪӲûӣֻǴͨڤͨûнС
ʩչͨڤ֮Ǽʱ䣬ĪȻڲϵĴһռŻһΣѾʩչͨڤˣЩǿһ㣬һռѷ죬˲ͿȥԶĵط
ĪӵӰĿ֮£һռѷ֮Уиһ˿ʱͻȻִһռѷ
ɹˣΪﵽɾ֮ǰȻֶΣſһĪӣλͥʯѣһθе𶯡
֮ǰĪӼսܾȻûпĪӣɶĪսۣǲɱĽһЩ⼸ʱ䣬ۼʶĪӵһΪ֮Īӵʵ츳һ˿֪
ƾһ֪ԼĲĪӵĶ֣ԭѾ˵һ˿Īӽֵս⣬ȴٴαǿ
Ͳͬ޵еˣȴִӲηʧܵˣʧܶ˵£µûս
׼ٴĪսʱȴͻȻоջص֮вõĪӣϵϢȻ֮ÿ˹ԣɫҲ÷ǳѿ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ʱȴĪӵߣڣĪ˵
ʯѣҵĵѣҪȥȥһǿ֮УȻͥȥ
Ī˵仰ʱ̺֮زסŭ⣬ǻǱһңûг׵뱩ŭ״̬
ĵѣĪѣ񣬲ҪõʧأĪԵλʯԣĵһ뷨ĪܵӰһЩܿ뵽˻߻þ֮Уô˵Ļ
⼸һֱĪӴһҲ͸ղһ˲ĪͻȻ뿪ԼߣҲֻһ˲ѡ
ô̵ʱڣĪҪ֪ĵѣܹ֪ĵǿ֮У
ĪڿûʱЩ˵ĻҲ˵̫֪ѣȻΪ֮ĸо
ڸղţĪͨԼ֮ĸоĵõķϢ֪ѣҲ֪ǾǿС
û취λʯѽͣĪҲֱͣӾ׼뿪ʱ򣬶ԷܹĪ뿪ĿģǿĪӵģΪ˱ķ
ĪһЩҪ߻ͷԣλʯֱӴĺ
Ǿը죬дһܹͼķʽĪӡ
ķʽĪ˵ûжôֻĪŭ΢һ㣬׼ȥǡ
ִһռѷ죬ĪҪеʱλʯֱһɫĹâͬһɽһ㣬ĪӵǰͼҪסĪӵȥ·
ĪӽŲͣҲͬʱһɫĹâȻֱŶԷײ˹ȥ
˵ļײһΧĿռһ˲Ҳζһ£λʯѣֻһ˲䣬Լ˴֮еһ·壬ããĺĴţͻȻһϮֱӾͽûˣҽԶ
һ˲䣬ֱӾͱĪײ˳ȥŲ浹ʮףͣʱĪӣѾ˿ռѷ֮Уʧˡ
ˣʧĪӣɫ÷ǳѿȻ̴óһʼϵͥǱߡ
֪ԼˣĪûг֮ǰͥĸϢǰĪӴ


߰ʮ 
ĪӾãϺܶණʵǳɺϣԼո˽ɾǿߵܹȥĿռֶΣ̸оԼĵΣգһоôɺϡ
ɺϵǣǡôڻĹؿԭһֱǵǸң֮󣬲ɵŭʼӿҪǵǸϡ
ĪӺԼڲӦóȥӲԼĵΣն޶ԣΪʦҪΪΪʦҪġ
ڴӿռѷ֮гһ̣ĪӰѾǿ֮УȻţһδһռѷ죬˿ռѷ֮С
ȻĪֽǿ߲ŻֶΣľϾɾѣûа취ǿôշ磬Ҳûа취ԽǿôԶľ롣
ں嫵ǿ֮УĪȻֶͨοٵĸ·ܿԽľ룬ȴǷǳԶÿһδ򿪿ռѷ죬ʱ䶼ҪȽǿ߳һЩĪѾ԰ˣΪ޿ռ֮⣬û
壡
Īǿ֮дռѷ죬еŭԽԽʢͬʱҲ֪Լǰĵط򽻽紦ʮа˾ţΣգ塣
еŭȼ֮£ĪҲ֪ԼǷѣоԼƺǣ־ԼѾ˷ıԵǰǳһɾĸ֣ĪӾԼҲη֮һս
ںĪǰķͬǿһһɫĹ׵磬Ҳǿ֮пٵǰУϸĻͻᷢ׵磬ʵһַǳĶ
Ȼ˫ۣĿģһƬڵĿռ䣬ΧʲôûУţоԼϣһǿҵУ޷Լ壬ڵķҲεԼ֮УԪҲһѹסˡ
ұץסˣ
ܵԼڵһȻţ̻Լ֮ǰľ
ǻ֮ǰǵԼ׼ȥλϯǰΪոյõһɷоһЩʱԵʣȥıȽġ
ʱ򣬼ϺΧˣȫѾλϯǰΧֻվΧȴŽĿʼ
Ȼ󣬵ȺΧʱƺкˣΧȻֻǰһڣ֮Ͳǵʲôˣ
Ŀ⻷Χǲ֪ԼڵʲôطΧĻǲ²⣬ͿĳСռ֮УζţץסԼˣΪҪԼߵĶࡣ
£Ҳų侲²ԷץԼĿġ
Լո֮ϣҲ˵ûκεĳң͹ϻ֮䣬ǴһЩ޵ģųԷһֱԼȻԼֵĿԣֿԲ
ǸղڵĵطͥǿյĴӪнǿČǣһ˿ɲﶯ֡
Լĳ֮⣬ﻹһģǾǶԷץԼΪԼʦĪӣĻǶԷĿľͲǵץԼҪԸԼʦôԼʦĪӣܾͻΪԼ뵽Σ֮С
˼ЩͬʱҲԼİ취ڵȫס£Ҫ뿪һǳѵ飬ǲܰ쵽
ŵʱһͻȻƬڰĿռ֮
㾹ȻôѹˣתİɣٶһǾܹȥˣȻָܹܿǰļ䣬ָܻ֮ʱҪúõĸлң
ͻȻǵ˼̾ͱˣüͷΪЩϤƺӴ
Ժлһ£Ǻܿʲôطˣڼ֮ǰȥȡɷʱ򣬰·Ǹסˡ
㣡
˵ʱ;öԷ⣬ûкͶԷӴڿȻˣֻԼ䵽˶Է
ҲܹǴ⣬˭Ҳ뵽Էô󵨣һλǿ߼ʱ򣬾Ȼһ°ߡ
ǺǣңΪ˽㰲ȫĴȥҲΪ˱֦Ҿַʽȥϣ㲻Ҫ֣ǵٴ
ˣԣٴʵ
ӶԷղ˵Ļ֪ԷˣôԼȥĵطܾĵˡ
ĻͻϿųԷץԼΪԼʦĪӵ뷨ˡ
ȻǣͬҲǣǵ˿ûᷳĻش
壡Էô˵֮ǳƽ˵
֪ԼǰʲôݣͬԼݣʦʦܺ͵ӣԼĿǰпصˣȫ塣
˵仰֮һֱֵıȽĵǵƺͻȻ䱻ŭˣ֮дһ˿ŭ˵
ת֮ʲô壬ڵΪӦѾһЩ䣬Ҫ߹Ķ࣡
壡Ǽ˵
һǿԼݣֱӱԼ˼飬ݾ塣
ǵȻҲ˼ԭŭ
ãȻ㲻ԸҪݣȻҪһ壬ջԸԳģ
Ҫɱң϶ЩʲôǼʵ
ǵĻһβûеõӦ׵ĳĬ˵ԷҲˡ
ԷԼǾƬڰĿռ֮УĬĬԼָжȻûа취롣
˺һ֮󣬷һжͽ޹ģԼסˣΪԲɾ磬סԼΪֶηǳĸԼȫ޷ѣڵķԪҲһ̶ˮһ㣬ˡ
ǿ֮Уǵ޹Ĺ磬ھһЩʱ֮󣬽ӽ
ǵѸٵĻΪΣ¶ǵӰȻСĵ򿿽
Դʮ֮ǰΪ歵Ǽ飬ʧ˴Ƭûǿ֮еİͼǰŲһأԭո޸õ󷨣ʾǳǿΪռݵԭ󷨷ܹƿһЩˡ
ӰСĵƹ󷨵ǣ֮ɷǳСĵǰΪƹ֮ǰڶˡ
СǰţԽԽӰѹҲԽԽΪʱпֵܱġ
ͻȻ䣬ͣΪѾоʶԼѾ˷ˡ
΢΢һѾλˣ¶΢Цһ̹̹ӡ
λ˿֮󣬿λеǼϳʲôɫɵһ䣬ַӦóȴˣζݣϾҪ¶ˡ


߰ʮ ʱϵ
ô죬ܣֱӳȥ
ɫ˲һ䣬ѸٵԼ侲Ȼٵ˼ԼӦô
ܵĻ˲ͻᱩ¶ȻΧ£·һȥĻƾΪҲһʮ³
ƻϲϱ仯ԭҪɻصģɿλеķ֪Լɻ첻ȥ
ڲļ϶ߣһ־ҪĸԭֻеķҲ˵
λԽԽ֪Լжˣһ·һǰһһһԼܲץסǾֻܿ컯ˡ
ʵһǾǵ֮ԼΣյʱ̣һĸܹԼĴؼʱԼһѣԼҲܹתΣΪ
ͷת磬ѾǰеķѾ׼ʱ˫ֺһƿٵһ飬â׵磬ֱǰˡ
ڿʱʵҲûȫ·֮ģ׵ϮǲϲΪζţǿץһ֮е϶
λ˶ɾ磬׵Ĺһѡķһùķ׵Ĺ
ʱ򣬷ǿٵĻһ׵磬Ѹٵķȥ
һҪпźٶȴ߷ǰδеļ£˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿƶ˺Զľ롣
Ľ紦һһϸݣܹѵˡ
ոտһʱһӴƾϣӲĶԭأҼѹʼ΢΢ˡ
һ̣һɢǿϢӰ˲ǰʣһλɾǿߣλɾǿߵĳ֣Ҳһ˿ѾϾˡ
ƾһ˿ʣԼһ˿ҪϾʱ󷢳һŭ
ң
һŭ޷ǿ֮Уͬһ㴫ݿˣҲøճǰλͻȻ¶һŪЦݡ
ΪǱϸģǽ֮Ӳͷû뵽󽻴ԣȻһ
һ˿ŪЦݣҲûϻֱץǰ֮ˣûнһĴ㡣
ץһļϸһļϸ֮ļֵǽȻͬģ£ȻǾܵץġ
Ȼʱ򣬶֮УһӴӰƾճ֣ɢſֲƣ֮ķ򣬻ִǧ׹⡣
ţһӪ֮Уһ˳Ȼ׼ڷһս
Դǰһʱ俪ʼ֮䣬˴˾ûзĳͻսһʱ䣬֮ûκεĦΪĿǰҪ壬ټ壬Դ˱൱Ŀơ
ڣץһļϸһȻϧһսʹļϸļֵǳĴ
һһȻҲˣվϸǰĽɣ̾ҪǰϸϿץֹ˾ߡ
ǡʱ򣬽ɫı飬ȴϢĳλɵǰһˮɫı飬ɢĹâΧƬǿգ·һƬصˮȫӪһڹѹȡ
ڶŰɫı飬ɢһܹĺ⣬ΧƬǿգһжܵӰ죬û˼άʱ䣬ƺҲͬˡ
ĵű飬Ǹ˵ĸоޱȵĳأɢĵϣ˸о·޾󺣵ȫ̺һɫı֮Уӯʵޱȣܹһжһ١
ű˷ǳͻȻĽʵһ̣ҲܵһЩӰ죬ǰű˵첻̫鷳ֻǻ΢һЩű֮£Ϊؼĵű飬ȴǿƵĽˡ
λɺ˵һ˲䣬һֱֻܷܷ֣ץסλļϸҪץߡ
ۿʱļϸҪ˳ıˣ˵ϣ¶һֽٺظı飬ʱˡ
֮УͻȻ֮һֻֻ֣ܷܷһ𣬽ļϸץסҪϣˡ
£һŭ𣬽ţӿռ֮һˣɫĹâһŭݣǸոոϵĪӡ
·Ͼܿĸ·һδεĴռ䣬Īؼʱеˣǧһ֮ʣץס˼ϸ
ɣ
Īӵĳ֣ΪȵģܲˣǱ˵һԣסԼελĽɡ
ԭΪǿߵȴû뵽ӿռ֮гģȻֻһɡ
ʶĪֻһ֮һλĽǿɫȻ֮һ䣬оһáûеʲôͼոմӿռгĪӣͻȻ·һɴק˷Ǹϸţû˿ռ֮С
ڱռһ̣ĪͬʱҲʶ˲ȻʱϵץסļϸץסԷһֻ֣ȴһλǿߵ֣Ҫһλӣܻ΢һ㡣
ĪҲǳصģʶԼռ֮Ҳٵ˷ӦֱֶͬΣԼһֻ̳֣ǵٴγֵʱѾսˡ
ҲӦԷӦǳĿ죬ʱ򣬾Ͳս룬һˡ
ĪӵĶ棬˿ѾһӰܷܷץλļϸϡ
ӰһǳŮӣɢǿϢΧƯɫʮű飬ɢĵϣȻĪһλɡ
ǻŭ𣬵һλǿߵʱĪƺ΢ָһЩǣɻûеǳ׵սʤĳ嶯ŭɣһֱӶˡ
Χʮű飬ͬʱɢҫ۵Ĺâʮ⣬ֱĪӶȥ
һ˲䣬ĪӸоһɷĵ׵ĺ⣬ͬʱһҲѹƲסŭ𣬳׵ĸǹǣ׿жԽǿߵļɵҲ׿жԼĹǣֻҪǰĽɴһ
ʮٽĪ˲һƬӰľֻϧƬûγɾֱӱʮⶴȻ˲Ӱ顣
ƬӰͬʱĪϵϢ׵ıīȳУǰһ㣬һ˲䷢ʮľɹ⣬С֮ͨʮȫ
棿ֲøλŮ޸ӦĪϵϢ˲ʶĪڴʲô״̬ǲɵùһ˿Ц⡣
Ȼ󣬸˾Ԯ֮ǰһĵתһƬСռ䣬ĪӺߵļϸȫСռ֮УҪĨɱһλδĽɡ


߰ʮ սɣϣ
߿ռ䷢仯ʱĪӾ֪Լӳȥˣʱﲢоεη壬ǳŭս⡣
ԴԴĵ·֮һֱýС΢һֱСһ̱ȫ׿ˡ
ĪҪģƴԼȫλĽսܹսʤԷļʺСֻҪϵʱԽĪӻĿԾԽ󣬵ȻڿǵȫԼ⡣
еīһľԪҲͷĪվ£Ȼѡȷ
ɱ
һȴĪӵĿзûùĹֶΣδ֮ǰһֺսЩƵ
һƬСռ֮УǾ춯أ棬һԺɽӡ
ΪһȵĹλŮ޽ɣ֮ҲһĨɫĪӵһȣЩԤϣĹȻ޷Ӽᶨɱġ
һ֮㣬Բţｫɵɣ
Ƭռ֮еˣҲλļϸĪӵһ֮£ͲǷǳĺˡ
ԭڸղλɵϢѹ£ѾЩŤ壬ڳĪһ֮ŤķȱˣݺߣҲһЩ΢ı仯˵ҲЩͬˣ
ϧʱĪӵעϣĪӾӦܹ֣Է任֮òʣһЩƣǾǵͺµһ
һ֮ĪеīǰīȵļˣڰϢţݻתٵĵϡ
Ϣ֮ռ·ʧȥɫʣһþδɢȥ˥ܺۼ
һĺڰϢλƯʮöɫıУˮɫһŹâĴʢ
ĪֻīȺͻȻ֮һƬ׵ˮ֮Уһ̺ڱӯˮϵĥţͬʱҲţǿΪΡ
о龰Īӵϣֱѡ˳īȣͬʱһֻֿٵı任ʩչ˻ˮǧɷ
һ˲䣬֮ˮγƬռ䣬ÿһˮ֮У˿˿תǷ֮ĵϡ
ۣ
һ£ĪӿоٴһȻ˫ͬʱסīȣ߾ٹͷݺݵλĽ䡣
νĪĹλɣ˿Уɾ磬ĹܲڽǿߵУĹʵЩ̫ˡ
Ưߵʮű֮УһŵɫıâøһЩһ׹öɢһգ۵Ĺ򣬰׹ɨƬռ䡣
Χ֮ˮ飬׹ɨ֮ȫһſű飬վڽĪӣͬҲܵһɭĺ⣬Ҫ˵ԪʶᣬľԪɢĹâ棬Ҳһİ˪
ȻĪȻ˫ָ߾īȣǰݺݵ䣬λɵͷ
֮ľϰԶľ룬ĪӵĹʲôӰ죬īǰֱڿռ֮зһλһ˼ĽǶ¡
Ȼµīȣջûдλǿߵͷ˶ԷͷϿԼһһˮɫĹֵ
λĽʱһа׵ָܷܷƯߵʮű֮Уһɫı飬ƮУָһ㣬ӯĶɫı飬ȴͬһһ㣬Īӷɿȥ
ٵջīȣĪӽķĹ䵽ͷľԪ֮УȻīٴǰ¡
ʱĪȫûжܵ˼ڵ״̬֮⣬ҲΪһ㲻
ǿɫı飬ٶȿ쵽ǴҪģĪӶ㲻ҪԭΪűڷĹ֮УĵϣǴ󺣾̣ѾεˣĪܹоֻҪƬռ֮У㵽δһն䵽ϡ
ȻܲĪҲû˶ܵıҪֱѡӲһ
īȺݺݵǿɫıϣɱӴһ˲䣬ĪӸоеīȣһȻ˫ָղסīȣֱַɳ
ţĪľԪķɫı£˲ͱ飬ȻĪֻоĿһʹһַ·󺣰ϣ˲ͱɳȥ
ף
ĪӱɳȥλĽɣȴһɡ
Ԥ֮УһӦֻǽĪ˻ɳȥܹĪӵ׵Ĵ顣
סԼؿڣĪѾһˮɫĹâ޸Լơ
ĪӵͷһۣؿڴʱѾҳһҪͨķˣΪһЩߣѾˣ˵ȴֻСˡ
ˮ֮򣬻ͬʿʵԲڳ˶Էһֻ֮ôһˡ
ˮİ£ĪܵˣڿٵĻָţۿɼٶȣؿڴҳǸ󶴣Ѿָˡ
ȻǿߣһһذĪӿŶλŮ޽ɣ
˶ԷһԼҲһЩˣ˿Ѿ侲ˣϸĻͻᷢĪеս˿û˼ǱøŨˡ
˶ԷһĪѾſ˶ԷʵȶԷԼʵĻԶڱһɱ͸һλǿ߶Կһġ
Ԫ«ǹˮͨͼЩֶΣвɾǿߣΪβܺͽɾǿ߽֣˵Ӯң
˫гȵս⣬ĪӵԽԽҲöλɣܵĪӵս⡣
Īӵս⣬˵һƣһɾʿԼý֮һŭ顣
뵽Īڻ׶ΣֻƵ飬ʵҲΪ棬ܹһµģĪʹõĻָƵֶΡ
ˮ֮ͨеҲһʱ֮Կ壬һЩȽĪסһֶε˼ϾߵĵϢϢء
иոð˼վĪӣϵѾָˣղűɳȥīȣ˲ԶɻصĪӵС
סīȵһ̣ĪڵķٵתһɸǿϢĪӵͷ˳ĪӸղŵϢǿҡ
Ϊһ̣ĪΪ״ﵽɾĶ壬ȻڻĽ׶ΣҲǰһء
Īӣǰ̣Īӵסīȣõͳ˵
Ļһ䣬ĪٴʩչԼСͨΪģ˲һƬӰƬռ䣬ƬռľΪ֮һ䡣


߰ʮ սɣУ
ޱߵˮչˮ룬һòȻ֮䣬ƬСռĶˣһЩ֮ǹ⣬ҪƬСռˡ
Īվǿò֮ǰϵϢȻֱǿһЩѾ뵽Ԫ֮еط࣬ԭѾû취Իˣһ̣ĪʩչԼСͨʱԪڵط࣬·ԼСͨңӦ
Īӵı󣬳һǳãϸܿû棬ǺȻطľͬҲʱСͨӪľ
Ƭǳõ󣬵ȻĪӵطֻ࣬طΪСͨĴ֮ԼӦγɵһ󣬳żȻԺͲɸԡ
Ƭǳõľ֮󣬾ѸٵĺĪӵСͨΪһ壬˴صȻĪӾ͸оԼڵƬռ䣬ƿȨƺһӾ͵ԼƬռ䣬˲һսӳս
ȥ
Īӿ³һ֣еīƣһɫĹâźХķλȥī֮ռΪǰ伸ֵ˲䣬Ѿλɵǰ
˿λĽɣʵǳľȣû뵽ĪӾȻܹͻȻ˵ʵȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬СͨȡԼƬСռĿȨ
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а׵ָǰһɵǰīȣֱӱ˻ȥͬʱƯߵʮű飬ͬʱɢâҸŲλá
ѾĪˣĪһɢϢǿȣҲûܹ赭д֮£ֱӽĪ£Ϊ˱֦Īӱĸ־ߣֱʩչֶΣ콫ĪӴɱ
ʮűһѾ뵽Ī֮еƬСռڣٴη˱仯
һˮɫıϸ߿գâҫ۵ķ·̫һ㣬ɢâͬʱƬСռ֮ڣ˲ˮڣĪܹоˮ֮⣬һƬռϵתһ˲ܵǿҵѹơ
ĪСͨҲչ˵ĻĪӹƣƬռ֮еĹת³ˮ֮⣬Ķᱻѹ¡
ֱ仯ֻʮű֮еһչֵѣľſű飬ʱҲ׷׵չ˸Ե
ĪСͨӪޱˮ򣬴˿ѾʼԶһı㣬¶Ҳ׵Ľﵽһܹ͸Ԫĺ䡣
ɢɫâʱһűɢĹâӰ죬ɫʼð滹һ˪¶
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ĪûиҵʮűȫչֳԵܣΪǸʱδܹӵпĻ֮ǡ
һֻ̯Ԫ«̳ĪӵУĪѸٵĽ«򿪣׼Լǿɫı顣
űղѾʶˣȷǳҲֻƷɱĳ̶ȶѣԲԪ«Ķ֡
ĪҪģԪ«ܣ䲻ȽеһűյΪƾ֮裬ĪѾܹʮű飬һ׵ķȻǸԵѾǿˣʮűϣܹǿܣӦҲǶԷĵ֮һ
ĪҪǿ棬ôҪ취ϵԷһŵƣܱ֤Լһʤʡ
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ɱ
ĪٴαһƬռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯣ͬʱһƣƺƬռʱ
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ˮ֮УλŮ޽ӰȻлץĪӵֻϱۡ
ΧˮץеĪӵĶϱۣ˲ҲıмʧС
΢΢Ĺһȣ·΢Цַ·ڳŪЦƺΧˮǰ㶼
ʵҲͬˣλĽ˵һ̵Īӣʵûиղɵ
Ϊһ̵Īӣ͸ķоѾز׽ˡ
һ˷֮еĻ׶εɣжı£ʱܷӳҲûж١
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뷨ûʲô⣬ֻ˺վǲͬģһˣѾǿ˹һڷ֮УҲһֱܵǣձܵǡΪҰһȥ


߰ʮ սɣ£
иоĪֻʣ֮ҪˣҲû⣬׼̶֣Χϳˮѹȥ
ЩˮȻûκεвûˣƬռ֮У֮⻹һ壬ԷΪɲĹ֮Ա
λ׼Լʣµľſű飬ֱˮѹȥʱͻȻоһּ¶һ֮ԤиΣռˡ
ûκεԥԭ׼ѹˮľſű飬˲ͻصԣɫı飬ɢĹâһγһɫĻ֣εıС
һ̣ԭϳˮ֮УͻȻ֮䴫һˮ
󣬵ȴԭˮμܹķֱȫԲͬĵط
ţͻȻоһŨǳ֮ȻΧϳˮ˲䷢˱仯һŵĳȡ
һλĽɣһ̸оһŨǳ֮ӵĳ֣һͬΧ

ӳֵһ˲䣬Ľɣ˲ʮǰ򽻽紦ǽֻһεǺӣǸΪֻɾ磬ȴһ˺üɵ塣
ԭӦܹϳĪӣĪӵΪȴȫûԭĪϵϾ֮Ϊ࣬ȫһ󾳽Ĳడ
Ǻӵĳ֣ƬСռ֮УѾӿȵˮˣλĽɣʱҲ޷룬ֻƾϵķֿˮϮ
Ϊһλˮ֮Ľɣ߻žſűıΪԶĪӣˮϮ֮£ϱĹҲû飬ܹʱˮб֤İȫ
ѾʼչͼֺֹڴˣҪԵģˮ֮
һӳ֣һεͼչҪǿΪͼĪӱһζ̫ܷ࣬ӳȻҪȵǿĶࡣ
ΪһλƾµĽɣȻܹǰ쵽ԼΣմҲܹԼӦô
ͼʱŸոչܹ֮Ա̾ҪʩչֶΣǰƬռƿ
СռԭĪ׼֮ڣȴ˶൱սȵչ¾벻ˣпܻλɵ¡
ʵĪӸղʩչСͨʱƬռһпȨҪǿƿֻҪǳ򵥵ľܹ뿪ڣֻܹƾֶνǿеƿˡ
ŵľſű飬ʱžŸͬķͬʱһ⣬ÿһâŶյˮʱſһЩ
ŵ⻮գƬСռ֮У˾ŵ˺ۣÿһ˺ۣƬСռ飬ĪСͨά֣ƬĿռ䣬ȴѵά
һĻĽɫ˲ѿڴʱҪڶѾûôõĻˣΪͼѾƬռ֮г׵չ
߿ռ֮еǳ֮һ˲ֱøŨˣԭȽӿˮһЩ̺ܣȴԱȸղŸǿ
ĪӵӰ֮УѾˮ֮еɣֱӲٿ֮ŶԷֶȥչֳһֺʹ˿̵Ŀơ
֮˿̲ĵչ֣֮еλɣɫʽڶɵĹ֣չֶʱЩ֧Ųסˮ£ͱһֲֿܣѹѾıԵ
λɼ״ֻƴȫֿͬʱо˼İ취
һӳ֣һε֮ǸʱܣҲоľ
ˮ£λϵĻ֣ھӨ͸ˮĴ£˲ͱˣȻˣһֱ̣֮С
ô᣿
ÿһĻǸļϸ˿ͷɵĿţһλɾǿߣȻһɵУԷʱѹˡ
˿̵ĴѾ᧿ΣˣҪλǿߵİɿڵӣλǿ߿ѱҪ˵ˡ
һ˿ʣλļϸͬҲӿˮûˣˮһ˲䣬ӰʧӰ٣·ֱʬ޴һ㡣
ʧһ̣֮УͻȻһ޴Ŀն߿ն֮ڣſŹâı飬ӲĽˮſһξ룬ˮ֮ǿмһƬ϶
˿ſűԼղŶͷ·Ǿſҫ۵ǳһ㣬׵ĽǱչ˳
ԭǾſ̺ˮ֮ϵɱԳһˮ֮ļ±仯ȫ֮£֮Ҳֵܹ˲Ϣ
ſű鿪ٳĿ϶֮УλĽɣԭˣʱѾ˱仯
˵Ѫ֮ˮɵͫ׳׵ıˮɫɢˮɫĹâͷ˳㷢ҲһμˮݵϡǸղŵģֻüĴҲһˮɫ⣬״һˮһ㡣
˫ͬʱ̯ǰһɫתŵˮţΧŵ㵭ɫĹâͷ·ǲϻŵˮǸתˮŲ
תˮţٶĺתʱΧʱ·ҲˣҲŤͬʱˮ̺ĵϣҲֹŹ֡
ĪʱɲܶԷʩչʲôֶΣѾ˿񱩵ҪľǼԦ֮׵Ĵǰɣӵƶ£ӲѹȥǾſű鼷һ˿϶ѹƽ
һ̣ƬСռ֮УͻȻ˳׵ļžˮʱҲתȻԼһʱ䣬һɿֲܲƬСռб
ǿ֮У˿֮սŸոտʼãս룬ԭսļˣͻȻоһΣյļ¶˲ȫȫȥ
ǰոպ˵һ˲䣬ǸղսĵطռȻ֮飬һɿֲռΧϯȥ
ͬʱֵģһƵӣڿռһɲǣʹĿռ֮ӿ
ӳֵ˲䣬Χǳâһ̶øˣǿ֮޴ڵǳ֮ԴԴϵӻۣǿյĻӳ֣Ƶӣһ˲һ̨ס
ӵĳ֣ǿĿⶼҶĿͶӣͻȻ֮䷢֣Ƶ֮УƺӴӰ֮ս
Ӱ壬ˮɵģȴܹķֱŮеһλǳĿ񱩣·ӵףͶ֮ƥƣŮǸֻ֧ܿţҪӣȴԷס޷뿪ȫ·塣


߰ʮ սɣ꣩
ǣλɣ˵֮в֮УһƯŵľſűʱϳ˶ԷݣǺȻһλĽɡ
Ҳζţսģһǿˡ
һЩʱȽϾõˣʮǰ򽻽紦ֹһεӣ˲뵽ʲôǸеЩİ
Īʱ򣬿Ͼ˼Χôģ֮Уƾ֮ǿͻȻļӳ֣ĺλǿ߶Կš
֮ʩչˮжĪӸоԼ˶ӣ״̬µֿʹ£ںλĽĶԿˡ
ĪӻһλͬСľˣˮ۶ɣ֮ļӳ£ӳһȭǾһӳĳһƣǾӵѹ
ںƵ֮УĪӲϻԼȭţÿһιλĽɸоһĪѹֻ֧ܿš
ڸоķǳıԭһ֮ƬСռ䳹׵ĴˣΪ뿪ƬСռ䣬ܹ룬úõĶԸĪˣȴû뵽ڿռһ˲䣬ĪӾȻսһȭһܷӳ˵Ĵ󣬶ǿ֮УȻֱøǿˡ
ĪӽϿ񱩵Ĺ֮£Ưŵľſű飬ĪӵÿһιоЩҡҡ׹ƺʱſűͻ䣬ʱûа취ĪӽϿ񱩵Ĺ֮°Ȼ
Ҫ֮УλĽ뵽
ͬʱһͷǾϣ֣ʱܹһѣܹ˳ӡ
ֿܲûУ෴˰һѵļʺܴΪѾǿ֮ˣһĽɣֻҪ·壬ȽΣգӦû˳ְġ
Ƶǿ֮չǣǳ֮£ĪӴ˿̸оԽսԽ£ǻŭֿ񱩵һȭһŽϵĹҲԴԴϵĽԼй˳ȥ
ⲻϵĹ֮£ĪͷҲûлָŲϵĹսԽĸǣһȭһӳܣҲڲϵš
ڣĪӲ֪ȭ֮λߵľſűУһŹâðһЩ
ƾһֽܵս飬ĪĲ׽һλᣬһ˲䣬ٴαÿ۵ϣһλһȭλߵľſű֮УһŹâ׵ıðֱӵ֮С
ɱ
һڽĪӲûзս˫ȭԴԴϵĺĸ׽Ӱӣǰȥʣµǰ˿ű飬ҲĪӵĹƵʱøԣȻܿеڶű䡣
Χλߵı飬ʱֻʣöѾЩ赲סĪһȭһЯ֮Īӹλɵϡ
ȫˮɵڳĪӵĴ֮֮ϲϵĵһĪӹ׾ٵƿԼûʲôˡ
״̬ûάֶãߵıֵ֮Ѿûа취ֵ֮ĪӵĹԼӱ˫ѹ֮£Īһȭʱ򣬳׵Ĵķһȭݺݵػϡ
ˮɵľˣڱ˴˶ʧȥ˷λҲվ÷ǳĪ˫֮еս𣬱˿̷кȭţͬһ㣬಻ĴλĽϡ
ȭŲϵĻӳԷͷ·ˮһ㣬±ĪӲϵĻһ󶴣ҲĪȭһ˲䣬Ѹٵ
ĪӵĹڴ˿̿ûκεãʵȻÿһι΢ɲλĽɣͱøСһЩ
ĪӽϵĹ֮£λĽɣҲڲϵ³ȵȫû֮еʱʱҲû˷̵ϣᱻƵӳ׵ѹǿߵݣɾĪӵ
ΧսЩĸ֣˿ҲѾĿսڼҪ׳֮еλɣɵȻܹβʱѾ׼־Ԯˡ
ߵĽǿ߷ӳҲܿ죬׼ֵʱѾһĽǰֹǵľԮ
ĺ󷽣ϳĿսüĴһɫƣڲϵתţͬʱ˫֮УԼһ˿ȡ
һ˿ȣԵľӣܹĸоӶǿյ壬Ҳӵ
ԴӵһǿѾΪĵ͸оӵֻʱæı歵Ǽ£ʵǷ
һΣ֣ϳһֳ嶯ҪӾΪУĻѾԭ̤õΪܹǰһЩ
޷ﵽ컯磬ӦҲ׷ȴߵĿܡ
飬ϳոжֻû̧˲ͣסˣΪһϢǱߵսУѾεסֻҪһ֣ǵϢͻԥķòɵ
ԭվƬ̣ϳüĴɫƣתٶȻ֮ӿ죬ϵϢҲй¶һ˿ţϢֹƽվԭһûжֻɫ͸ղ˵øˡ
ս֮ϣĪӲϵĹǿ֮Ҳתǳ֮Ÿǿܡ
λĽɣĪӿ籩һĹ֮УѾ׵ûڣ߻Ƶı飬ֻʣĿŻǿţĪӲϵĹ֮УʣµĿű飬ҲһſŵĹâðѹ
һűĹâӵײʱĪͬһĿ񱩹ͣĪڵĵطΪģ֮оһУ֮ˮ࣬ȫлۣĪˮɵľ޴Ҳ֮ˡ
¶ĪӣһԵΪǱ˺ֱֻۻûгƵΪɲ˿ڴȴѾûѪҺ
ֻʣһֱֻ۵Īӣд˿ȼܵսȫ¸һƬɫĹâ֮С
Ī̯Լƣ֮УһɫǹˮĻۣ͸¶ɫĹ⻪Σն
һɫǹˮĪֱУͶӵ
һ̣սˣĿͶ֮Уŵתصˮ˼Բͬ
ߵˣǴ˿ڴһЩ̫ܵĽǰһĻȴǲòڴһ
˵ע£תӣͻȻͣһɫĹâ͸ֹͣתӳ׵ȾһƬɫ
һӰȻ֮֮б׷˳ĪӵӰĪӱ׷ɳͬʱ֮УͻȻһ̾ţͷ̫̫Ŵǣâ׵İˡ


߰ʮһ Ц
޹⣬䣡
һ·ڴı̾ĵһ̣Ľежͷͬʱڷǰ飬ɸоЩš
ɾΪնɱһλǿߣ׳٣ǰ޹ˣûмܹʷ֮С
Ⱦɫӣб׷ɵ⣬˵Īӣ˶˰ֻ˴˵İǲͬġ
һгһֱ֮Уڱ˵ıǶĪŨŨɱ⣬ֻȶִĬˡ
һĸе𺳣Ϊۼ֤һ׳١
ְķΧ֮УĪӵƽǿ֮У˿ǳǱ
ԭһֱֻ۱ǿе˺ûüָʱµˡ
ؿϣ˿ڣÿһ˿ڴԼָϸѣһֻ۾Ҳ̴ˣ˿ڿɲе˿֮УŵɫѪҺֻѪҺĳסˣûһǿ֮С
ĪڸоԼȫˣԼԪ˼άתҲͬˣڲǿ֮УһҲܶôƯš
ⰲĻ֮УĪӵ˼άתܿͽⶳˣʶָ
ҲΪովһսĿ񱩵ȫйȥԭĪڻָ˼άת֮ıÿǰƽܻڻĽ׶ΣһȴȫκεӰ졣
ңնɱһɣ
˼άתָ֮ĪӵһʱʶԼղŵһʲô顣
֮նɱһλɾǿߣһսĪԼ˲ҲеЩ¡
ЩµĹ֮УԪ֮еĺҲѸٵˣڵķҲ»ָת
һ˲䣬ڻ׶εָоһӰ쵽Īӣ̽ӷµ״̬֮˳
ңնɱһɣ
ĪٴһΣ仰˳
仰֮Ī˿ڵϣͻȻ¶һǳǳЦݣϵ˿ڣЦݿЩ
ǣ
ĪǳǳЦݣϲϵķŴǹĻȿԽԽſ񣬽ţĪӵĺ﷢ѹŵЦ
޷ǿ֮УĪѹŵЦȴĴ˳˴ʱžķΧ
ǣ
ѹŵЦ֮Īƺ̲סˣſڴЦ˿̵ЦԵ÷ǳĲͬʱҲЩеŭ
˲䣬һɾʿ۴һ˿ŭɱ⣬еһöԲĪ˹ȥ
öԲǰӳɲǣԲâһԭֻһöԲ˲ûͬԲǵĪȥ
ĪӸղնɱһɵ׳٣״̬һ壬ԲĪӵĶ֣ĪӴ˿˵״̬ǾõɱĻᣬֵоġ
Ȼ˲ֹһֵһ˲䣬ЩˣҲԥĶˣһ֣ȫȫһҪ֤ܵͨһܹĪӻɱҲܸһЩ棬ͬʱɵһλδĸ֡
ãλѣ˷ӦͬҲǳĿ죬嶯ֵ˲䣬˴һȻ̶Щ
ЩѾˣô׵ģÿһֱֱģвһЩȽϹĹʽ
ЩӽĪӣҪ䵽ĪߵʱһЩ˵УΪĪӵǿɲϣΪܹնɱɵɣûһλɵЩ֮¡
һЩΪĪӵĵʱЦĪӣڶ
һƬӰɢΪģΧǿ֮ӳ˺ܴһƬΧûһƬЩõľ
ĪӵСͨΪﵽɾ֮󣬵һʩչ˵á
ΪĪӴ˿̵״̬ѣڵķѾֻʣһңԪҲˣƣҲֻʩչ̶ֳȵСͨˡ
ʩչ̶ֳȵСͨĪ˵Ѿ㹻ˣҪСͨ赲ЩСͨŲԼ壬һǶЩԼصȥ
ӰһĪӾ˲Уԭƽŵʱվֱˣڹ֮ϡ
мĹĪƿԭ֮ȻǽĪӵϢĪӶʱվ֮ϵĪһЩɵӽͷ·̶ʧˡ
һˮɫˮĪӵϣˮٵ޲Īϵƣϰһ˿ڣˮ£ʼٵ޸ѾϵֱۣҲһĳ
̲ĪӵԪ񣬸ƽԪϵƣĪӲɵþΪ֮һ
ֻϧһܵʵЩأˮ޸Ҳô򵥾ָܻģѾ˺ܶ࣬Ī˲ָһЩս
ϵˮɢĪӽµĺƵӣһǿ֮һתӣ·һ޴ޱȵľͳЩˡ
һַ·ǿѹһƣѹ˵ͷһǲףΪʲôһλɾǿߣȻᱻһλնɱˣƵӣſǿߵ
ĸоϮʱԼ˸ûа취֮ȴǵֻ·һ
Ȼ޷⣬ôľˣˣȫѡ룬ʱѾϮܵļˣ̱ûڽ֮󣬼ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ˮ֮壬Ȼ
ˮٶȺܿ죬û˼֮ٶƺһЩҪ׷ϼٶȱȽˣɾһ̣ĪӸоˮǰƺһεϣ˲ЩǰȻͣ
ԭѾû壬֮յתΣΪȻӪɿȥ
龰ĪﲻףĸֳˣԷֽˮ֮εֶΣֵܳҲǽɣӦһλߡ
ӦڿյϲûȫָƣĪҲ׼ǰˣȻˮİ£ѾָЩսҲͽܹһʱ磬˴սһʣµķҲ֧Ųս̫ãѾˣʱˡ
Ī׼ֵʱͻȻһ٣ԼһĿģԼĵǵġ
£֮УƾճһУȻһӰķŴĪ·ֱ֣ӽǵӰУȻλļϸ
ŶԷ΢ЩϤݣĪüͷɵһǻϵǰ֮ˡ
û뵽㣡


߰ʮ ظ
ڱԼץеϸݣĪǸеΪģԷȻЩ仯ϵϢҲЩͬĪӻϵóԷǵͺµһ
Ī֮ǰλɽ֣Ͼ˼֮ڣֱԪ«Уڲʱ
µģҲҵãҲͬĴ
ĪץסͬʱϨҪɱͷ
һǱϸĸ֣ӦûЩô˵ܴϣõһЩ֮ϲ
ֶһץĪ̾ͽĴԼЯƷȫץС
ЩƷ֮УĪĿ䵽һˮεĵ׹ϡ
һƷ״ﵽƷҵķƺûʲôҲûʲôڵĸֻƷ֮У̲һȶСռ䡣
ʶ̽뵽ˮεĵ׹ϣĪиӦǵϢע˷һӰͱ˳ǡ
ͻȻƬڰĿռǣڵķûлָתƬСռ̱֮оһᣬͬʱԪһɸУϵļ˲ͱˡ
֮ĵһۣǾͿվǰĪӣбĪץǸˡ
ǿһ۱ĪץеˣȻֱӹĪһ
ǣݼʦлʦȣӸʦˣ
ڼĪ֮ԼǱĪӾˣȻ֪Īô֪վģﻹľãԼĪʦˡ
ĪеȻôãҲ֪ôץģǵĳȣ³򣬿ǲŸո̤Ԫɾ磬ԼϸΪһء
£ȥ֮ٺ˵ҲĪӿڶ˵
˵仰֮󣬽µĺƵӣ˲俪ʼСȻΪһͼһö«
ͼС֮󣬾ԶĽ˺«֮УԪ«
ĪһУԪ«ͳУȻִʧ
ĪͼԪ«ʱпдԼΧĻע⵽ԼΧ֮Ǿȵķ֣ԼΧȻôˣڶ棬Ȼ
֮ϵʱ䲻ҲܿʶʲôطɵиеĪӵĿ֮УöһĨ֮ɫ
֮ǰѾ˵ԼʦĪӣӦھ֮ڣڳĽԼһѵ顣
Ҳע⵽ΧЩˣǴ˿ĿⶼԼĪϣÿеɫЩӣв²⣬ĪھʱӦ÷һЩȽ顣
ʧĪץе׼ߵǺˡ
˿ڵķѾҪľˣϵƻҪһ£֮»Ҫϼʱ䣬úõ޲һԪˣܹԼָʵڲսС
ĪһߣͻȻһӰϢ·Էվһ
ͻȻֵӰȻǲ֪ʲôʱϹ顣
Ī뿪ԼĵʱͥǱߣһʱյϢ
յϢ̲֪ĪӾȻĪ˵ԼĵѣȻȻɾΪʩչ˽ǿ߳õĿռֶΣǰǿʱеһͷĪӱˡ
ʱĪӵˣпܵľλʱ̲֮뵽һ֮󣬾ûԼ̳ڵһʱ飬ҪԸǸʱ֮Ҳֻ飬ǣԳˡ
鵽ʱĪѾλСռУҪֱӽĪʱϳֹûеһʱȥĪӡ
ҲûзĪӣվս֮У׼ؼʱֱ̣סĪӵ
Ȼķչܳ˵ԤϣһλɾǿսռϷľȻĪӡ
Ǻԭеϳ˵λã͵ߵ˹вϳͶҲⳡսվͳڵĽ
ǰ
Īڼ̶֮ŶԷһ
ԷͻȻǿ֮Уʮа˾žΪԼε鷳һλ߾ԼĪӸоԼǷˡ
鿴ĪӣĿ䵽Եǵϣֿһ۱Īץеϸ
Īע⵽ߣץϵϸſȻ󿪿˵Ǳļϸ֮ǰһΣһξץĵӣŻһʱ嶯ֱǿ֮УϸѾץסǰ䣡
Īӻһ䣬֣λļϸһָԷ̱ʧӰ٣֮ŶĪ˵
ȥɣɹ֮ǰҪٵˣ
˵仰ĪӺߵǣͬʱоһֿռ佻֮УȻǰһ䣬ĪѾص֮УԲԶµĵ
ǰͻȻ仯˵ľһĨ֮ɫո֮ϣûмߵʱԷ赭д֮䣬Լ˾ֱһ֪ĵطֻ÷ǳ𺳡
Īע⵽еһĨ֮ɫ΢ЦŶ˵˴Ǿ֮е죬Ǳ߾ΪʦڵĵҽУ飬Ϊʦ֮ͣ
صԼĵĪֻ뾡ĻָڵķȻ󾡿ĻָƣӦøǵģֻ΢һЩˡ
ףԣ˵ͷȻּһ䡣
ղλǰֶú
ǵȻ鰡ĪЦŻһ䣬ȻԼĵȥҲæϡ
صԼĵ֮ĪҲûжкǣ͸ϽԼȥչˣԼĵԼĵһһЩǡ
ʱǣ֪֮ҲܿݣһЩ伮֮УѾֹһζԷĽˣû뵽֮ϣôͿԼˡ
飬ߣվĪӵĵУǿޱƲʣ߶š
ո֮ϲã;һЩù飬ɾһ̬֮ܿһת䡣
ѾڴˣԪɾ磬Ǵߵ׷󣬵֮ϣҲֻһµĿʼѣɾ磬˾֮еĵһ磬Լ±һСĴڣȻСֻԶԵġ
ѾӦԼС֮ϣҪԱҪܳʱ䣬ȴһ־Υĸо
ͺոĪӣոսɽĪеʱʱǺСûԱֻ֮ʦıӻ
ȻѾˣ֮ϣȴоԼֻص˵Ҫʦеʱ˲䣬֮ϵİʧ˴롣


߰ʮ ɹ
ˮɫˮ⣬Ī˫۽գһʯϣϵϢ΢΢ΧɢһЩûõ֮еǣоĪϢѹȸС
ĪӻڣѾȥ˰µʱˣڼ䣬ĪӴ󲿷ʱ䶼ˣϵʵͻָˣǱȽ鷳Ԫϵơ
Ī˵ͨ˿ڸʲô鷳˿ڵˣ乥ĵϣƲҲ鷳ġ
λĽˮ֮ȻѾγĵƾĪӱˮ֮򣬶Էµĵˣ˵Ѿˡ
ˮİĪѾָĲˣԪҲ׵޸
еǣ˿̲ûĪӵڵ֮еһһϸϸжĦţ¶˼ɫ
µʱ䣬ѾĪѧϰµĹ죬Ŀǰ˵ҪѧϰܶµĶĪʦڣܹɵľͽӴЩҪһܣҲҪȥƴԵ
ͻȻ䣬ĿɨĪӵķע⵽ĪϵϢ˱仯
˵ʱĪϵϢӦƽȣͻȻһЩ仯
ֱ仯ǵ˲һ˿ģʦƣͻȻ˰ɣ
һ˿ǵ飬еվעȫͶĪӵϡ
ʱĪӣԭϵϢֻ΢΢ɢһЩϻƽȣڵĪӣϵϢȴоܲȶĪ΢ŵüͷҲ˾ãʹࡣ
ʵϣĪҲȷʹ࣬ʹֱõԪ
ĪԭоԼԪϾҪ׵޸ˣԼ״̬Ҳܹܿصѣû뵽ԼԪ񼴽׵޸ʱԪ֮ڵط࣬ʱȴͻȻЩ춯
Īֻһ˲䣬ط·ɢһҪԼʶ˳ط࣬ع֮С
ĪӵȻ䷢ܵľͷĪӷ֮˲ʧˣΪĪӵķһЩ˳ط˹
ʱҵϢĪӵԪ֮УĪһֻԼعеһ
˴˷֮еÿһÿһˮǿ֮еǳתïʢĲľӦ֮޴ڵķ磬ӦεĿռ䣬Ӧ뵮
֮ڵÿһ壬ֻҪڹ֮Уһܹо֪ڹֳ֮״̬
Щܶ඼ƽƽģһ̣ЩƽƽĶڹ֮еĴڣӴϢĪǿԪҲЩܲסοԪϵˣôһָܹȻΪЩͻȻϢеһֲظʹ
ܾʹĪûкôģʹ֮У˳Щת֮£ֳϢһ˿ܹӰ쵽תֻһ۲ߡ
ĪҪţ΢ıһЩعת˵Ҫһľӿϣһľͷøӿˡ
һľһ΢С£ָоȴĪһԼصƿߵĴ΢΢Щָо
һ̣ղżǿòľͷ·𴥶תҶͻȻÿݻƣʼɢҪһˡ
ĪҪ̽ͻȻı仯ʱȴȻָоַ·ΪعĸоʼúܵˣԼʶųȥ
ⲢȻķӦһΪʶӰ죬Īǰ棬Ϊ߹Щߣعһֱ
ת˲֮䣬ĪֻΪعһĸо׵ʧˣʶ»صԪ֮ڣһ˲ޱȵķ꣬ҵ·һȫӿͷĪһ˫ۣȻһĳ嶯һЩȴڿѹţоܡ
Ψһܹ΢һЩģԪ֮еԪ«ЩҵԪ«˵һǿϡ
ĪԼ״̬֪Ϊ׶εӰ죬״̬ʵҲ־Լڻ׶ǰ˲١
ɾ֪һУĪַƵĸо²죬ǸìܵȴѹԼűĿޡ
״̬֮УĪʶָԼʩչһˮ⣬޲ԼԪĴˡ
ˮ͸ĪӵԪҲԻһЩеķ꣬ͬʱԪƵ޲ҲĪӸܹסıάסԼǡ
һˮĪԭѾҪ޸Ԫƣˮ£׵޸ˡ
Ԫ񳹵޸һ̣ĪͻȻоط࣬ƺѾԼ飬ڿٵı仯ţԭعͨٵתһݡ
ֱ仯ĪͷҲһ۷壬Īӳ׵̲סˡ
ٵ˫ۣĪͷһХ͸ĵһ֧͸ǿĪӵ˸߿ղ֪δ
һХ֮У·ֵ֮оܹеĸӵУ֮еˣһ̱ˡ
һĪӣȷʵоǳĳ죬ֲ²ĸоһХ泩ˡ
ͷҵҲһХ·ͻȻ֮䱻ų⣬ĪӸоһӾͽе֮³
ҵһɨգĪֻû泩ͷ׵ƽ˼ȫȫĴӻ״̬ˡ
վԶʱ뿿Ų΢΢һֲòͣסˡ
Ϊںһ֮ĪΧͻȻһεˣεˣֽΧĳ߸ߵ𣬽Χɢ
ղһʯεɢϢľͻ˷ĩȻɢӰ١
ĪֻԼԪһ鴦˿ѾĶһݣط仯ɣܹʱⳤӣ̤ɵĽݣһݶ˵ֻǽ
Ľݵĳ֣Ҳ־ĪʽĶɹ˻Ľ׶ΣŽɾ緢ˡ
ݵɣĪϵϢ˲䱩ǣԭѾﵽɾ綥ΪȻƺǰһ
ĪӱһصϢ֮£֮еǣ˿̸о˾޴ѹѹ£ԼʦΪ˲˴µ˽⡣
ԭʦѾôǿˣ
ڷĳĪϢ»ָƽҲ˲ʧأһȫƽֻվĪӣ΢΢ͷĿЩգǴһ˿Ц⡣
˺ð֮Ī૵棬Ҷɹˣ


߰ʮ ƿ
طںϣΪĽݣΪ˵ϽɾһĪҲû˰ַȡ֮һƽ
ƽ֮УһֵϲãϾĪеĵ·УĹؼһ
ϵϢ׵ĹƽĪӻصͷһĨЦ⣬ȻϣϾɹ˻ؿȷֵø˵顣
ϲʦΪٽɿڣǿٵĪӵߣߵĪӽʱ̹һ
ʱ䣬ҲĪӽһЩ飬֪ԼʦؿڿĪӵӣӦǶɹ˻ؿǾζţĪһǳΪǿˡ
ǹ˻ؿɣһ֪ʲôʱܹɣĪǵĻ΢Цſڻصͬʱڻ׶Щ飬ڻǳĻƺΣա
ҵоֶΣԼĵԼˣܴ󵨵оǿߵֶΣĳɹˣ󵨵ǣնɱһλǿߣһιе׳١
Щڻÿһ׮ÿһǳΣյģ˵ĻܵĽܴʾʧȥСڻоԼǶôðա
ڣؿӰѾˣĪΪһµĽ׶Σһǳɾˡ
ȻѾվ˽ɾ֮ǰĪӸоԼҪĴɽɾ磬֪Ҫȵʲôʱ
ӻ׶֮ҪͻƵɾ磬˱֮⣬Ҫһ
֪ʲôʱֻͨϵԣܵѰЩܺõ˵ֻһΣж˼ߵһ羰ĵطפۿʱһʱ򣬾ܹͻƽɾĻᡣ
ЩȽϲ˵Ѿ˺ܶ飬˵ԴµĹһѧ׫µĵ˸ѵ飬Եûе
ȻѰо΢ôһЩżȻԣϵŬѰңҪһζĵȴҪĺãˣǸԽԽӽġ
Ī֪ѻãҲ֪Լʲôʱܹﵽɾ磬ĪȴһԤУԼӦҪ˶ãܹõ
һǶԼţһҲĪӵһԤУΪԼıһֱԼߣλʱ֮ӦѾҪȲˡ
ܣٵʱ䣬쵽ԼԭȼͼͥǱûͻή١
Щ뷨ĪпٵȫûбֳֻתͷһԵǣ˵
ΪʦϵѾָˣ⼸ΪΪʦ˵ĹϵûüúõĽ̵㣬쿪ʼ֮Ϊʦ̵һʱʱ䣬ǰ÷һ
ĪӲȷԼʲôʱᵽǶǵĽ̵ȴӦٿʼˣ˾ҪѧϰĶʵ̫ˣһɷҪѧᾫͨһ׵飬ǼȻѾ֮ϣĪӾͱľ߱Ա֮Ͼȫʱ䣬ҲǶʮҡ
ΪԼΪͻƵܿͻᵽԤУԣĪڶɹ˻ؿ֮󣬲ûǰͥȥ֪ԼѾɹ׶ε飬ҲûȥûͼԼͻƽ֮ǰʱ䣬ȥһ¡
һ磬ĪӺһһ֮ĪӾʽʼ˶ǵĽ̵
Ԫˮ¼ΪʦѾڸˣŹͻƽɾ磬Դ֮ǰ޵ĹΪʦ㣬úõŹ֮պΪˣܹף
Ԫˮ¼ĪѾڸˣŹҲûʲôض뷨ŽĹĪӴҲŹʣպ÷һԽԽǿҲҪǳĹΪС
ףǵͷش
ĪҲһЩΪο⼸ҲˡԪˮ¼Щ֮еĲͬЩĪӴڸġԪˮ¼ֻǱЩӾǴӱϱЩͶһЩͬѣͬʱ۵Ҳ
ţΪʦȸ㽲һ¹УȽ⣬ҪעĵطɣĪӿǣͿʼ𹦷֮бȽ⣬Ҫصעһµĵط
ĪӵĽ⣬ǶġԪˮ¼øˣȵĪӽ֮ҲⲿĲ
˽֮ĪӴӴ֮ȡһͼ佻ǡ
ţΪʱ֮ãеĽպ֮ϣԽǣʱȥ
ԣִĪӵнӹͼôһ˲ĽӲΪкףĪӲͼԭ
ϣҲûʲôԷأϾûʲô츳
лʦеͼĪӵһлȻҲû˵ʲô֮ʦͽ˾͸ȥԼ
ĪӸոնɹ˻ĹؿѾ˽ɾ֮ǰһȥڵķԪǿȶˣĪӶڵҲһƿ
һʱ䣬ĪԼû˿ЧоԼͺһùһ㡣
飬Īĵ·֮󣬼ǵһΡ
ǽɾƿԭָоһξ飬Ī֪ƿ֮һʲô״̬ˣԴˣȴûиоʲôĲ
ɹ˻ĹؿĪӵĵ»ָȹ̣ȻΪôһ飬ʲôĲ
ҪһǾҪѰҵͻƽɾȻŽɾ緢棬ĪһԤУܿͻᵽѾԼҲ˵
ǿ֮УԭյһƬǿУһɫǳͻȻϢģҲ˸оͻأ
ɫǳڳ֮ɢǳ֮˲øҫۣâݵΧǳ֮ϣһƬ
ǳϣһȫ֮еӰ·վʱ֮ڣָоǱʱų⣬ڴ벻֮䡣
ҫ۵ɫâ֮Уǰһֻ֣£һյĶ
ҫ۵ɫâһϵлۣʧġ
һֻ֣֮вţ·ֻıȻַ·Ͷʱ硣
˺ðֹ֮ͣԼĶջԼ֡
һж׼׵ˣɾͽɵҲѾ͵ڣ͵Ҹջʱʱ䣬Ӧ컯


߰ʮ ʮű
һνĪӺ˷ֿȻΪһƿĪӻǻᱣ֤ԼÿһʱΪκεĪҲɼš
ߵΪƿ֮һ˵ǺͻƵģ˽ͻȻĶ֮⣬⻹һֱ취Ǿˮĥոһռֲиȥ
Ҫͻƽɾ磬ˮĥҲһУؼǻǸĪ޲׺տҲûʲôջ
Ȼ˵ҲһͨķʽҵԼΪͻƵҲδزһܵ顣
˴Լһʱ֮ڵ֮еһĪӻ˫ۣû˿ķԼͬûԪĪϵı鲻ϲ
ȻˣΪ޷ڵƺҲһƿЩǰ;ˣĪ̾Ϣһ
ɹ˻ؿĪӸоԼƺĵһ˵Բ״̬ڵԼͺһֻװ˶ѾڷŲκζˣҪͻơ
⼸ʱ䣬ĪҲڿͻƵԼ֮䣬ѾŵĲµһЩܣ⻹д֤һ
뵽ĪִӴ֮һö飬¶Īɫ
ĪӲһ޴ˣɹ׶֮ƾԼ֮ĸӦ֪ԼܾߵʱĪʵѾŲµԼʲôΪпܵĶЩһųͿˡ
ѾӵеĶ֮УȽϿܵĶеһնɱλĽɣõʮű顣
ȻѾµˣĪӵжһЩǣֱ죬Žʮűó׼ϸ̽һ¡
ŵһˮɫı飬Ī֮Īɣرᶨȡ
Щ飬綼٣ԼһЩʱ䣬ҲһֻԼߣʱ׼Խ࣬ҲֻǱ¶ԽѣûбҪٶˣõѡʵԡ
ĪԼʶ̽ű֮УϸеűеĽơ
Īʶ֮̽̾ͷеߵɽÿһɽ̺ˮ֮ϡ
ȻƷɱߵɽĪҲ֪ʣµǾſű飬ºűһҲƷɱ
ʮű飬ʵܹ˴ϵһɱһöѾƷɱˣҪʮöһϣǾŵɽɱҲѷɫ
ĪʶʼӴߵɽʱԪ֮еԪ«̲Ĵ
ʮű飬̺ˮ֮ɱԪ«Ϊϣʮű֮еɽԪ«˵Ҳܹӿݻġ
ԭĪӼͼΪѾݻļĵʮŵٶȷɿݻɣһڶϢ˲Īӵȫ
ʮŵĳ֣ĪӸоһƺɾֽӽһЩ
һϵʮű飬ΪͻƵֻǽһ֮ķɾ硣
Ǹ飬ĪһԼĴڴ֮ʣµľſű飬ͬʱӴ֮з˳ƯĪӵǰɢɫĹâ
ĪʶҲһ˲䷢ɢ̽ǰʮű֮УʶȥӴʮű֮еɽ
ʮɫͬı飬̺ĵ϶ˮֻ֮ǲͬǣǸԴģˮ֮һּݻĪӶˮ֮źܴĲͬ
Ȼˮ֮;ͬ飬ߵĵ·ͬȻֵʽҲͬĪնɱɣˮ֮򣬻кǿĸɫʮű֮еɽ̺ĵϣֻǵˮ֮ҪӵӵĶĪӺԪ«˵а
ʶӴЩɽ֮Īһϸ̽ЩɽһҲÿһű֮еĵϡ
ǿˮɫı֮УĪӸоˮİݣܹһУޱȵأǿŵɫı֮УĪӸоˮĺ䣬µıԶ˼άʱ䣻ǿɫı֮УĪӸоˮĺأˮԨ
ÿһű֮еĵϣĪӸоͬҲΪ֮ԡ
ĸ֮УĪӸоԼԭƿѾʼɶڵ˽Ԫ«УڶʮҲڿٵݻºܹܿɡ
ڵĪ˵ɻЩҪͻƵɾ磬Щѡ
ǿ֮Уǿɫǳ֮ϣȫ֮еʱ֮񣬴˿ĿԶ˫ƺܹʱⳤڣڷ顣
û˿ĶΪģڴ֮ǰѾòˣҪľһĵĵȴԼ취ѵջ
ѾĲˣյջȴʮþȵ飬Ƥӵ£Լɲһɵ飬ʱ֮
ѵһκεΪ޿ˣᣬĲ֪ʱܹɵ
ʱⱾӦ컯˭Ҳ޷ֹңʱⳤ֮ڣԼڴŵĽƽĿʼûȣϵϢͷųŲǰһ̤˲ʧ·ʱĳ֮С
̫ˣļˣ
ͥڣĿ˿ҲĪӵϣ΢ɲ
ĪӴǿлһʱ֮󣬾ȻôͶɹ˻׶ΣЩġ
⼸ʱ䣬ڵȴĪͥʱͥͼĪȫû˼ĪӾȻƺѾҵͻƽɾ˹ؼʱ̡
̯ĪƵǾͼ̳Уһеͼ̿ڶͥеһЩ˴

֮ͥе̲Ĵ֮ϵ̱֣ͬʱҲ΢΢Щ㵣ȴûԥǰ֮
УյȼλͣҲٻͬҲûԥ̱ǰˡ
⼸λ˵ʣµӲˣʣʱ֮УܹΪһЩʲôףǾԸˡ
һʱ֮䣬ͥĸһӰѸٵĳֱ֣ӷ֮ЩΪ͵ģҲɾڣΪȽϸߵģǽǿߡ
˿̵õٻģֻ֮ͥеЩˣǿ֮ڵĲˣҲͬõٻǰͥ
ͬھ֮ڣطһЩŵĸ֣Ҳڸͥܿ죬һӰͳ֮ͥڡ
鿴Щϳ֮ͥڵ֣Ŀ䵽еͼϣ
ִһЩͼĻһЩ򣬵µֻˣԾĽǾҪͼǷˣ


߰ʮ ̤;
ĻѾΪǵĪӣȻԼ֮С
ʮű飬˵ͻƵǹ׵Ļ൱һ߻߻ģĪӵ鱦Ԫ«ݻ
Ԫ«еΪɵλʱ֮ԵʣĪӶھܵѹŽƵݻ
ĪӾѹƵĻԪ«еҪڵĶڣΪʮűĹϵĪҲſԼԪ«ѹƣõѹƣڴһα
ĪԭڵģԼƺôһ˼˵ĻԼҪͻƽɾ磬ĵʱ᲻١
ʱƯǰʮű飬ͻȻ֮˴ųһֱߣԭһ׵ɱڴ˿̣ȻЩԷչܵ˼
Īܹĸоʮű֮еɽʱ˴˲һϵȻûںһ𣬵໥֮£ʹһƵķӦ
Ԫ«УݻĵڶʮٶȻӿ˲٣ͬʱԪ«ֱӸĪӵͷ֮ĵϡ
һ̣«ͻȻ򿪣Ԫ«ɢһʮɫı飬ȫԪ«֮С
ţԪ«˲ƺ˰͸ģܹĿԪ«ڵʮű飬ں«ڲϵߣͬʱɢĹâ
ʮűڵߣ˵ĸоƺֿţҪ뿪Ԫ«ڣȻʮű鲢ûǣֻڵ״̬˵һָо
Īڶʮű״̬ǳ˽⣬ʮűǵĻôھԻߣΪʮű飬ѾˣڲĽƣڱԪ«ճ룬ȵڲɽʮöƷɱķǳ׵Ļˡ
ǵĻ𣬾ѾһעˣΪǵĻ𣬻ɾԪ«ҲɾĪӡ
ͬһʱ䣬Ԫ«֮ʮߵı飬âͬʱ飬Ԫ«γɵĵڶʮ·õޱǿҵ֧Ԯ˲γˡ
Ԫ«ϣ˲ͱøǿˣõĪӣĵϣҲøˡ
ֻһոյĿʼţһǰδеٶȣԪ«еڶʮһͳˣͬʱڶʮڷٵݻ
ʮöϵƷɱ֮еɽԪ«˿ݻûɹһжˮɣһҲôȻ
õĪӣʱҲΪɾ֮ĵϵİ£ĪӸоԼΪһ壬صĹ֮С
ָоĪѾǵһξˣһȴͬΪع֮󣬻Ÿ
ĪӸоԼһƺһߣߵ·Լֺֻ׷ĵÿһĽݣԼ̾͵ġ
ÿһĪӷ·ڻعԼ߳һʱĪԼʱ򣬵һνӴ磬һ棬һζЩʱҹµһҹ
߳ڶĪ÷ɽʼ̵ʶ֣ѧϰ׵ʱ
߳˵һССĽݣôƽ̹ˡ
ĪԼʼӴ֮еĵһʼڤ֮ʱĵ·ϣĵһѹأΪ޷Լͷ˺һʱ䣬һѹء
Īһǰţµĵ·ƽ̹Լ֮ϣһ·̹;ʱ򣬶·̨ףԼĵ·ϣѵʱ
һ·̹;֮ҲĪӼ֮бȽõĻ䣬ʱʦ÷̵ԼѧݣȻԼ˵ǳԵĿЦǸʱЩԼȴģͬݼ䣬ҲԼġ
ڵ·ǰΣ̨ײ̫࣬Щ۵ļ䣬Īӵһκ˶һˣһȵȵĻ棬Щ䲻ôã񣬻ͷٿȴԼɬʱ
һ·ǰУ·ǰߵʱĪӽµ̨׾Ͷƽ̹ĵ·ˡ
֮·ˣԽߣ·Խ᫿ҲԽ࣬ĪӣҲᾭܶģֻǶЩѣ˷ĶȽס
һһǰţĪӻعԼ߹·ᷢĳ飬ʵĲǺܺãȫøãл룬ԼʱѡȴһַĵĿ϶
ȻһεĻԼñȵʱãڵʱԼ˵˵ģõѡûбҪԼΪӦÿ϶Ͼע޻ڡ
·Īһ·ǰţĹԺ֣֮һĻĻĪӽŲߵԽԽȣľͽӽԼӽһ̵Լʱ·Ҳߵ˾ͷ
Ī̤ߵ̨ףʱʶԼڸʲôڻعԼͻƽɾ磬˿̵ǰѾû·ˡ
վһ̨ϣĪͻȻͷһۣղ߹һ·˿Ѿʧˣȡ֮һӣԼղԺֻ֮棬ֹڶںˮ֮ɼ
ʱⳤӣ
Ǻˮ֮иֳĻ棬ĪԺ̸ֳĸ֡
ţ·ʶʲô̻عͷԼǰ
Ѿûȥ·ǰ˿Ҳ˱仯һƬڰ˱סһӣֵĳӣǰ֧ĪһҲ壬оԼҲκһ֧ķ
Īһ֪ԼƺӦһѡ񣬼ѡһǰķ򣬶Ӧվˡ
ԼĽ£ֻʣһݣǰ̤һǾ׹ʱĳУǰĪӺȷһ֧ȷġ
ѾߵĪҲȱټǰеѾûпˣǰߣԼֻһֱһ̨ϣԶͣԭˡ
ĪҪǰߵʱͻȻоԼıͻȻһֻ֣ݺݵԼһѣͬʱһ
ߵ˴ˣĥĥģ
ǳĮƺκεУĪ̻֮ͷһۣžֱ׹ʱĳڡ
һۣĪûпԼһѵֻ֣ȴƺһ⡣
Ȼ˿̵Ѿ׹ʱĳ֮УϾ롣
ʱĳе˲䣬Īе˼άͷȫʧһɶ뵽һֳ׵ļžޱϲֻǲϵʱĳ֮׹䡣
Īʱ䳤ӵĺӵףĳɳÿһŶǾӨ͸ģеһЩ˸⣬ͬΧĳɳ
Щ˸ĳɳ֮УĪֱӾͿеһţΪǿųɳ飡
ڿųɳ֮Ī˾УԭǳĳɳȴؿʼϸɢһЩ


߰ʮ 
ĪӸоԼƺƮ֮УܴܵʱڴĿʡ
ÿһ磬ĪӾ͸оøˣҶԼѹȣҲøǿˡ
Īܹڤڤ֮УһԼĿҲܸоʱⳤӶԼĳˢ
ųɳϷƮĹУΪʱⳤӵĳˢĹâǱԽԽˡ
ƺǾĥ֮ʱ֮Уһֲ⾳
Ϊеߣǵ飬¶õͬĴ𰸡
֮һ֣֮ÿ˵ڸԵжǲͬģ֮·ϵߣ׷Ĵؽ;ͬ飬ͬΪ˴˶;Ȼڲ졣
ɾǿߣѾ;У߹һ׶Σһµĵ·ǿߣҪΪһλɾǿߣôڵҲؽҪס顣
֮ҲΪϿģǱʱˡ
ʱĴڣܹһ£ǵõĻ䣬ҲܹıһΪʷ
úճɰ׹ǣӢ۳ĺʷ֮УΪһıһУĵ棬һвʱĳС
ʱһжȻı䣬ɵĲֻ࣬оʱĿ飬ܹ۳ֲ⾳ܹʱ⿼ģֻеˡ
ĪӶڵȻǼΪģڵҲѾڸأԼĶһɳĹУʱⳤӲϵĳˢ֮£ĪڵֶڱԽԽ
Ųϸĳɳı棬ӲǣҲʱⳤӵĳˢ֮£ϵıʱĺˮߣâԽԽĪӶڵ֮УһЩƫĵطڱϵĸ
ʱⳤӵĳˢ£ųɳɢĹâĴһ˿ɫʼ۳һֵĲ⾳
Īһֲϲ״̬֮£ͬҲټѹʱⳤӵĺˮľ޴ڤڤ֮дĿʣҲڲϵĶҡĵ
Լ޵ĵֻʱĿ֮£ܹ¶ؼЩ⣬ͬҲʱĥ֮£Щľĥʡ
ĪƮһ̶ȵʱԭӵ׵һųɳѾȥ˱ǣıһŹ㣬ĪԼ飬ʵĶ
ĪɢĹâѾ˵ĽɫյƯʱⳤӱһ̣⵭ĽɫͻȫȫıɽɫΪ⾳
Ҫһⲿܴ󣬵Ī˵һ˵ԱȽɡ
Ϊ飬ͨͬʿҲҪǿһЩƾĪӶһҪطɵĽݣܹʱⳤӡ
ڲϵıʱⳤӴĥɢĹâһֲ⾳ĪӸоԼƺڵ򣬽ĵһµĽ׶Ρ
ڽɾ֮ǰĵһϣӶʼʱ׷ѧϰ֮Լڤڤ֮еĴ
һֱɾ磬ܹӴ֮عʶ֮ıʣӶպ͹ɸԼĶ
ɾ֮׷ĵڤڤ֮еĴԼĵ֮Ϊڽɾ֮عתѾˣԶڵ׷Ȼ͵˸ߵĲΡ
ͬĪ֮ǰնɱλɣˮ֮򣬾ѾԼصĶعתƵ˸ߵĳ̶ȣĳ̶ֳϣܹٽعݻ
Īڶڵʱⳤ֮УҲڵһ
Ҳֱһ̣ĪӶν֮͸֮˸֪
˵һеʱⳤ֮лһ¯֮Ϊ֮ͬɾĪԼĵ
Īӵ飬ĪĵʱɢĹâһ鱾Ҳʼɱ䣬һ㵭Ľɫ
ԭޱϲ״̬֮еĪӣɱ䣬ĸ֪·һ˲ſˣʱⳤӣĸ֪б÷ǳܹ¿ʱⳤӺӵ׵ĳɳ
ÿһųɳһ飬ǳʱⳤӺӵ׵飬Щ֮Уһ㣬ЩڲͬģǺܽӽʱⳤӵˡ
Īӵĸ֪ע⵽ʱⳤӵĺӵףһЩâǰĽ⣬߲ǵķֲʱⳤӵĺӵףѾʱⳤˣɢĵ⣬ҲоʱϨһ㡣
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Īӵһ˿ɢĽɫâԽԽŨ鱾ĽɫҲԽԽ
ĪӸоԼѾҪӽʱⳤӵĺˣ˿ĸ֪֮УѾܹԼеʱⳤӵĺ֮ϣĽ⣬񻹴ڵĽǿߡ
ĪһȥʱⳤӱЩ⣬ǧ壬ĸ֡
ЩľĪȴôҲ˵·һӰԼԼ޷֮̽ɾǿߵ
ĪӸӦЩѾʱⳤӵĽɾǿߣԼʱⳤӵĺ棬Ҳʣһξ롣
ʣµһξ룬ĪܵѹøˣͬʱⳤӶһĴĥЧҲøǿˡ
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ڣĪӾɾ磬ֻʣһˣǾԼ飬׵ʱⳤӡ
һҪȴףΪҪĳѣҪһ˲ʱⳤӵ
ʱ֮УطɵĽݣʱóˡ
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ǳõĽݣĪ׾ٵһ̨ףܹԵĸоʱⳤһ̣ǿҲоһЩѡ
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ĪӵȵƯʱⳤ֮ϣɢĽ⽥ûеĪӵʶ뿪飬ع壬ʱһ
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ΪĪͻȻʧϢо΢΢Щ㵵ʱʶȴĪӵȻԭʧˡ
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ĪӾҪڵƺĻᶼûУεıһţʱⳤӵĺϣһصȴŶԷ׸
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ʱվʱⳤӰߵʱֵ֮ɫâ΢һЩȻվƮ˺ϵĪӣ΢΢ľһ
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һĳعܵӰ죬һչĿ֮꣬κһʱⳤ֮С
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Ī˼Լĵǣʱ֮һ֮ˣ


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ѾоղһȻ컯Ƿһˣȴ컯档
ԷֶΣӶչֳﵽ컯ֶβνǲֲ컯棬ֶȴԶ
ֻҪ컯棬ôʱ֮˵͸һɫҲ뻹ɫϵԼĵ;޿ˡ
֮ͥУʱ֮ѡɫʱоͰԷһ̾ϢȻԥٴλһơ
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־ԣԺܲܵõ޸˿̻һδ֪ɰĿǰѾˡ
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鷢ιͬʱ֮ǿߣʱĿͶ塣
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һ֮һ֮飬е־ϯͬʱһӴ֮ڴ
ǾͰһѣҲ֪ҵʵΪԼһŵƣЩ˼

ʱⳤӺϵʱ֮Խٵĵιʱ䳤ӵɣʵ׵Ľι
ɢɫâʱⳤӵĺԵޱȵҫۣâƺ쵽ңԶĹȥδʱⳤӡ
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Էܹ׵ʱⳤɿŶԷιɺ˵ģĪѾ˹ȵף֪Լͼջκβʱ֮
ι֮ʱ֮û̵ȵһι٣תͷĿ¿ʱⳤ֮еĪӣԭֹͣתĿٴγ֡
ٴγֵʱĪԸоеƺøˣתŵ֮УʱŤ飬ȻԪʱⳤӵļѹ֮£ѹƬȻУԪ«С
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鱦磬һƵģԪΪһ壬ĳ̶ֳͬһԴںǳ˳˳һ̵Ī˵ȴʲô顣
ʶѾЩģԪѪϵԪ«֮УĪΨһܹ֪Ԫ«֮ڣѾ˶ʮĵԼΪĹϵڷݻŵĵڶʮ
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Ԫ«ԽԽĹâʱ֪֮ԼѾɹˣǴԼջ뿪ʱճ֮УԼΣȻ컯ľ硣
Ҫ֣ʱⳤ֮еԪ«̳ʱȴͻȻоһϮˣһǿȣͬҲﵽ컯ļ𣬵ȴǸղŽٵһ˹
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һ£Щʱ֮Ԥϣû뵽ؼʱ̣ԼȻûнԪ«ץС
ԭҪ뿪ΪԪ«ʱⳤ֮ڣȻܾô뿪ٴץԪ«
ȻֵͬʱϷʱⳤӵӰѾâᴩâһˡ
ģȻѡʱȻᣬ̵󷨵ܵķǿһҲŬˡ
սΣҪһˣ컯ͬʱ٣ǿʱ֮񣬾Եֵġ
ʱֵ֮⣬˿һ£ֵķΧʱⳤƺֹͣʱҲ·Ҫһͣסˡ
Ȼɫâ컯Ĺûа취ʱ⳹׵ͣͣģֻµٶһ㡣
ǳᣬץסԪ«Ҫʱⳤ֮С
ƽӴԪ«һ̣ͻȻ֮о˿̵Ԫ«Īӡ
ţ
ʱ֮УЩ˼ͷ
˵һжı֮УĪҲۿţѪԪԪ«еġ
ĪһߣʱȻЩıֶΣʱ֮ǿģĪһɶǣʱ
⣬ʱ֮һʱ֮벻𰸣µȴѾ޷ˡ
һ˲䣬âǿƿϵ⣬ֲʱⳤӵʱ֮Ӱâ֮УǿĹڶԷǷ⹥֮䣬Ͳһˡ
ǿĹ֮£Ԫ«ͬҲܵӰ죬ʱⳤڻĳ£ƺҪʹ˳Ĭʱⳤӵĺӵס
Ԫ«ĹâȴûϨ𣬷³Ĺ֮Уâҫۣ˱֮ĵϣһڲͬĵϣԪ«֮ɢ
ڲͬĵϣԼһ͸Ľޣ·ϵĽϣ֮Уͷ·ʱ䵹һ㣬ĪӵϢȻֵ֮µ
ĪֻԼʶڲϵ³·׹޵׵ԨΧ˺ڰ֮⣬ҲûĶ
ڲ³ĹУʶѾģеļҲѾʧĪӲǵԼʲôҲԼΪʲô³ͷ·ֻǿհ׵ʶ˼κεĶ
·ֹ׹֮УĪӵʶȴͻȻһ⣬֪ôɫȴ·ľ벻ϵĽӽš
ģĪӽӴ⣬һ⣬·׹ůȪˮ֮Уʱ½Ӵ¶ȣ˼άҲ¶ȣʼת
Ī˺ܶĶ֪ԼӦѾˣûг׵ȥΪһŤת˼
Īµһšܽٵ
ĪӸоԼʶڰ׹֮У·ھʱĵȫˣԪѪ⣬Ҳ»ָ
ҵǣ»ָԼڿٴɵжѾʧˡ
ܽٵȻ˵棡
ԪѪ֮»ָһ̣ĪĵһͷǸ̾Լµǿɵ档
ĪͼԼǿŵҩʱ˵Ļ˵ǿŵҩһλ֣֮Ƴġ
ĪӲ֪Ҫ裬ĲϣһλʿɣĵҩǼΪѵõģҩˣҲкܴżȻԣܹƳһöҩ
Īͷ֮󣬽ţ̷Լ˿̵
Ԫ«֮УԪ«ʱⳤ֮ڣʱⳤӵĺӵ׳û
ʱⳤӵĴڣ䱾ͽʵ֮䣬ʱԻʱ֮֮⣬ͨʿҪӴʱⳤӵĻ᲻ࡣ
뵽ʱⳤ֮еˣǽɾϵĸ֣򽫻ǳ鷳ʮа˾Żʱ䳤ӵĳˢ֮丯ࡣ
ĪھΣո»ƺʱӰ죬ЩԲԪ«ʱⳤӣȻʱⳤӵĺӵ׹䡣
ֲ뿪Ԫ«ʱⳤ֮ڣĪӸоԼпܸոջֻ䡣
ĪֱҪ취뿪ʱⳤӣ򼴱Ԫ«ı£ܹʱⳤ֮аȻҲֻǹӲдѡ
˼ʱ䳤ӵİ취Īӿٵ뵽һ취ǾԼʱ䳤ӵΪĽǿߣĻͲʱ䳤ӣתΣΪ
Ҫʱⳤӵһ˵Ҳѣ˵Ҳ򵥵顣
֮Ī֮ǰѾһʱ䳤ӵѾɱ䣬Ҫٴδʱⳤ֮иȫκε
֮Ѿʱ䳤֮һΣҪڶѣʱⳤӸһΣĪȴѾûܹѵĽݣֻԼ
ûһݵİҪԼʱ䳤ӵĪ˵һ飬ǵһΣʱⳤӶûǿ¡
ڵڶΣʱ䳤ӵĪܷƾԼδ֪֮
µĪҲҪһ£Ⲣǹϵʱⳤ֮룬ӹϵպ
ûа취ʱ䳤֮гѣ̤뵽ɾ磬ôպܳһʱ䣬ĪӿܶҪеľ磬ܳʱ䣬Ļܳܳ
ĪӲԸͱҪƴһѣϾûпܳɹֻǳɹܷǳѰˡ
Ԫ«֮УĪӵʶǾٴͶԼ֮ڣ³ӵ׵飬ٴƮʱ䳤֮ϡ


߰ʮһ 
ɫ¸ʱⳤӣ֮мû˿һֱĪӵʱⳤӵı棬Ҫʱⳤӵʱѡ
ĪţҪʱⳤֱ֮ȥɴʱʱⳤӣͷ·ǶһļεֹĪ롣
ĪƴȫŬ֮£Ѿĸˮ棬Ψȴʼն޷ѡ
ĪֻܹƴȫһһĽԼ飬ʱⳤ֮аγ̻ܼѣܻʧܣԲ˶
Īڷŵʱǿ֮У̫̫ԱߣǼʵʵսף̫ǵı档
Χ̫ɢſֲĸ£Χϵ˿ţɫ̫ѾǼսף΢΢Щˣƺսףܲס̫ĸ£ڽڻһ㡣
ĲԶһǵĿ̫ǵԱʱ䣬һֱߣ֤İȫҲһͻƽɵĹؼʱ̣ԣԷ⡣
ʵԵĻ񲢲̫ͻƣȻ˵һĻĻʵ̫ΣˣһʧܵĻ³
̫ǣã̫ǵĻܻʺ˵ᰲȫһ㡣
ԼѡȻЩģԼѡ񣬶Ҳ̫ͻƵĺô
ľվһͻƳ⣬ڵһʱ뱣ס
ű𽥴ʹ࣬ƽ֪ʶӦѾʱⳤ֮УʱⳤӵḶֻ́ףܹ˳ͻƽɾ硣
һڣȷʱⳤӵĹ֮С
Ϊ޵ֿѹǳǿʱⳤ֮иٶҲܿ죬һ֮ϵĳܿڲϸĹ֮Уʱⳤӳˢĸɸɾͨ͸͸¶˲Ľ⡣
ڼӽʱⳤӱʱʶܹʱⳤ֮зɢˣҲڸоЩʱⳤӺӵףͬɳһ飬ԼƮʱⳤӵϿգǵĽ⡣
ǵĽ⣬֪Щ֮䣬ȻڵĽɾϵĸ֣ܿ죬ԼҲΪеһԱ
ˮһ̣鳹׵ɱ䣬ɢһֲ⾳
ڣҪģʱⳤӵԼʱⳤ֮ϣӴ˰Ԫƣɾͽ֮
˵һ̫ѣΪһǧ֮ǿߣڿԽһʱ򣬱ͨʿ˵޵ơ
׼һʱͻȻ֮оʱⳤ֮УȻһ飬Լͬһʱ䣬ͻƽɾ硣
鿴ƺ״̬ЩƴȫʱⳤӵƺʱⳤӶǿŬǲЩ˼նԷڵĽɣܶԷջʧܶա
ܲ²ԷͻʧܣⲢ飬˵ĵ;ʼնҪԼȴһָоԼƺʶͻƵˡ
ûǣͿʼʱⳤӵʱⳤ֮УѸپ͸˴룬ʣ󳹵֮ʱһεĽݣֱ׾ٵʱⳤӵ
һ˲䣬ͻȻ֮оԼεĽݣڰԼͬʱƺҲ˽һ
ղʱⳤ֮УǸпʧܵ飬ԼʱⳤͬʱȻҲͬʱʱⳤӵɵ˸ߴ
ӦǵϢʱڲ˶ԷݣǾȻĪӡ
ʱⳤ֮ĪӣҲݣʱⳤȥ֡
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ĪӵȷӦøлΪʱΪͻƣʱⳤӵܻܿʧܶա
ղʱⳤ֮еƴȫվǲôһ˿һ˿ȴΪʱⳤ谭
ĪԼãԼܻܿʧܣֻڴתƫƫʱһжתһλɾǿߣȻǡѡʱͻƽɾ磬ҶԷȻһλޣͻƽɾһĽݣǡһ
߲ͨͬͻƽɾһĽݣطǽ֮һֵ־
־ĽݣطɵĽ΢ЩܹͬӰ쵽ķΧԶҲ͸ĪһĻᡣ
ֽʵĪӵİǳС˵΢Īؼʱ̣һ˿΢תΣΪĹؼ
Īӵʱⳤ֮֮ͣʱⳤӵĺӵףһҲ͸¶ֱӴʱⳤӣâֱӺʱⳤϷ˴
ɫĹâ֮УѾʱⳤӺӵ׵Ԫ«ʼĴʱⳤ֮Ưܿ¶ˮ棬ʱⳤ֮롣
Ԫ«ʱⳤӵһ̣ĪӵӰ˲ڽ֮УԪ«ǻصĪӵԪ֮ڡ
ƯʱⳤϷ飬ĿĪӴʱⳤ֮гֵĻ棬ĪӵһлʶعԼȻ˫ۡ
˫۵һ̣ǰģº͵Ц·ףɹͻƽɾ硣
ԭһ̣ӦǷǳ˵ģ뵽ʱⳤ֮гֵĪӣԼеϲãʵûôǿҡ
ʱⳤӵĪҲĴﵽ˽ɾ磬ȵƯ飬Īһ̤ʵС
һΣʱⳤٴξҲܽԼʱⳤ֮ڣѾ̤˽ɾ硣
ʵոսɾ磬̱侳飬ӹ񣬼ûзĪͷһ⡣
ҲǶԷʱ֮ʱⳤ֮ռ̫ƣҶԷıãѡʱʵ̫ܹ顣
ڣ̤ɾ֮󣬴ʱⳤ֮뿪ĪӲҪԼ뿪ʱ䳤ӣ̸оһųС
ųУĪӸоѾ˽ɾԼԿܵģʱı׵Ľʱⳤӡ
ĪӲûпų⣬ΪѾûдıҪˣųУĪӸоԼ˲·ЩãȻǰʱⳤӣʼԼ֮бңԶ
ڼȫųȥ֮ǰĪ߻Ǿܵʱⳤ֮ɨ˼ȦĿصʱⳤδУֻͻƵ˽ɾ磬ȻһƬԼ֧֮


߰ʮ ƽع
ĪӵĵУվĪʧĵطЩɢգɫȻһ˿ã
ĪͻȻʧоһֲԤУеҪԼʦȴûڶݵļ֮Ѹ侲ǣԼûκεİ취ֻվȴˡ
ڸղţеֲԤУȻ֮ﵽһּ£о·ֹͣţһϤʹ֮УȻͱÿģ·ʧȥһҪĶ
ָоֵʱǸоһƬհףЩϤĸоΪܣΪĸоΪţʦѾ뿪ˡ
ɾڸղţͻȻһַ·ҪĶʧõĸоеıˣͻȻָоȡЩãͬʱҲٴһڴ
Щɢ֮УһӰشۣ֮ϤϢ˲ЩɢУ³˽࣬ϵã˲仯ϲá
ͥڣҲĪӴ֮л۳Ӱϵıޱϲȴһ˿οһûа׷ѣͼĲ㣬ҲΪźˡ
ˣ
ӦϤϢĪӴʱⳤ֮֮ĵһ飬ĺһȻ̾һ
һָ̾Լʱⳤ֮룬Լʱ֮ձסһ
ŲأĪӻûתͷǵ
ǣӭʦƽ
ĪתͷվԼĲԶڶԼϴŸɾʵЦݣֵ֮ĺϲãȴǱ
Īӻûеһʱ乧ϲĪͻɾ磬ǵһʱ乧ӭĪƽһӭǲڶĪ˵ͬʱҲڶԼ˵
Īӿǣ¶һЦݣߵߣļ˵һЩС鷳ѾûˣΪʦ˳ͻƵ˽ɾ磬ԺԸǽˣ
ϲʦԣٴζĪӹϲһһϲףĪͻƵɾ硣
ţȺúΪʦҪһΪҪһͻƽɾ֮ջ񣡡ĪӺǲûн̫ãȻ׼ȥһΪ
ʵΪû̫ıҪĪӵȷҪʱϿһԼ
ڵ֮һСɽϣĪоԼķͻƽɾ֮ı仯ͬʱԼͻƽɾ顣
λʱֶ֮εȷҶԷıҲ÷ǳϸ£ȫĪӵġ
ĪҲ֪ˣλʱ֮֮ԼԪ«ԭˣԷȻԪ«Ӷõһȫƿصʱⳤӣƾ̤컯硣
뵽һ֮ĪӶȥҲµˡ
ͬΪϳһʱ֮ҪɵʵҲǺܲ׵ġ
ϳҪɵҪռǿգǳתĹ򣬾˵һ·
ʱ֮ҪϳһЩʵҲûк̫࣬Ҫģʱⳤӵɴ˵컯֮
Ȼʱⳤӵһλܹȫƿصģ컯棬ܻЩܡ
һͲһֻۣдﵽ컯ľ磬ʱ֮ʱⳤӣʱⳤӵ޷컯硣
ʱ֮ʱ֮˵Ƚ϶̵ʱڣͳΪ˴֮еĶǿߣҲΪʱĹϵٳ޷һʱǶǿİͬʱҲ
ҲضһֿɣĳȨܹܿǿ˫ռ˺ôȻҲþ顣
ʱ֮ԭ׼γɵĪӲ֪Ԫ«ܹٳɵĿܣͬʱԪ«ãҲŹ
ܹװʢʱⳤӵĺˮɲͨıܹģ֮䣬ûмܹʵ֮ʱⳤӵĺˮʱⳤ֮дܴʱⳤӵĺˮˡ
ʱ֮ǵĺܵ׵ĿԪ«֪Ԫ«ĴڣĪӱܲɷֵģûѡǷһֽš
Īӣôͨʱⳤӵ֧֮УδĪǵٶȣӳĪӵϣĪûκĿΪĵĵȵĪڼͻƽɵһ̲ų֡
˵ʱ֮ļƻʵƲʲôļƻ˵Ƿǳļ򵥣ʱԼֶˡ
ƾʵȴ򵥵ļƻǳ˳һУǻ©һЩĻڵĪӣѾʱⳤ֮͸ˣԪ«Ҳʱ֮еĶ
ĪܹͬҲֵͻȻ֣ͬʱʱ֮
컯Ĺʱ֮ȷǾûģΪ֮䲢ûвĪӷǳ֪ʱ֮ھˣĿǰںδ
Ī½ʱ䳤ӵĹ֮УʵһֱҲڵʱ֮᲻ٴγ֣Էǳǣ֮ûгֹ
ʵǸʱֵĻĪţӭλʱ֮ģһµĹڵ壬Բնɱ
뵽ԼɹʱⳤӵĪӾ뵽һǶİܹճɹʱⳤӵ˳ĵٽɾ硣
ﵽɾ֮Ī˽ɾɾĲ֮࣬Ĳֱ֮࣬
ĪֻתڵĹܹоԼֽ֮ܵϵ
֮ǰɾʱĪѾܹĶ쵽عתڵ˽ɾ֮ĪӲܹһ̶ϣعת
Ȼָ棬֮֮ת򣬵ˣѾýɾǿߣԽɾµĶֵʱ򣬼˲֮ء
֮⣬ĪӸо仯һ㣬ȻԪ
ɾǿߣﵽ˳ϣͬٵĳ̶ȣֳϵԭڽǿϵֲ⾳
ͻƽɾ磬ǱԪѾ죬ԼԪڲ⾳֮£ʼˡ
ʱ޷ٴɾǿߣȻԪͿһֱĿǰ״̬ǾͿԲӰ죬һֱȥͬҲʱⳤӵԭ֮һ
ĪԺԼͻƽɾ֣еһԺֹ֮һ飬Ż˫ۣϵϢž޲ûһ˿һй¶
վĪĿ⿴ͥķ򣬽Ҫȥһͥ
壬ܻкĻᣬĪӴȥһ֣


߰ʮ 
һռѷھͥԶ֮д򿪣ĪӴǣӿռѷ֮߳
˴ͥˣһȥ֮ȥͥĸǺ˼ģкܶ˵аĶĪӿǰͥԵ˵
ĪӵĻûпڣĿϸشǰͥǷ·֮дµԼ֮еŻҲһ˿
ͥĴӪڴ˴ĸ֣мλͣĹĪӸЩǵԸҲԼͥôһ˿ڴС
ĪӴǣܿͽͥͥһ̣ĿʶľͿڵĵطȻϱһ˿Цݡ
ϵĳĺ֮Ũһ˿գеĿϣԱһСӣڷһƣžƱ̵һڣ̬ܹһ˿͡
Īע⵽յʱҲע⵽Īӣ̾¶һ˿Ц⣬ֽƱһԣȻվĪ˹
ĪûȶԷ߽΢΢һһԵǼ״ҲĪһ
ͣĪӿ˵
ĪҪˣѾ̤˽ɾ磬Ϊ忸֮ҪҪĶ࣬ҪĻӦö񣬸лΪƳһرһֺʵĵ̣տٵߵĪӵǰϴЦݣһ߲ӣһ߶Ī˵
ĪƳͼյѾǳˣͼûһηʱ򣬾չֳѹһеƣͼ˾վԺ󻹿Լͼ˵һηͼʱѾͬնˡ
ĪյĻȴ˲ЩϧԼͼļվǲһЩ򣬷ʱⳤ֮У컯Ĺͬʱ٣пܽʱ֮նɱˡ
ЩҲûʲôãѾȥˣԼڰȫˣպշأ˵ֱĻᣡ
ռ򵥵Ľ̸˼䣬յĿ䵽վĪǵϣע⵽֮ȽĹϢ֪ӦĪӵĵӣЦſڵ
ӲΪȣ񰡣ͥӦЩİɣӣҴ֮ͥиɣ
Īԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷһԵǣͶ˵Ǿ鷳ˣ
к鷳ģҺ޲鷳ˣˬʵһЦȻкǸߡ
ڿĪһ֮󣬾ͺԾظյڶԷĴ£ʼǰͥιۡ
뿪ıӰĪаԵ̾һλͣʱ޶ˡ
ΪͻƵ˽ɾ磬ĪĿܹ͸ıʣϵ⣬Ҳøˡ
λԪУֵϱ˴˾ںϣԪ񲻿ظˣûĸֳ֣ͲˣɼˣĸҲ޷סֻڵһޱȴƽ״̬
ĪЩˣԼһμյʱûˮԷƣĻͺİ˻ˡ
ûٶǺյ飬ĪԶ֮󣬾ֱǰ˲Ƹ׼ȥ̲ԼȥݼһһλǰȻȥ顣
Īܹ˵һšܽٵ̲֮ǰĪᵽöҩһλǰģĪȥ̲Ȼ̲Լȥлһλҩǰ
ƸĪӷչ̲ѾվȴԼˣ߽ʱ򣬾̲˵
ڣҪƺΪĪˣ
ǰǲҪĿˣϾҪ˶ãǰΪܹͻƴߵľ磬ʱ򻹵øĻǶ鷳Ī̲仰ЦŻش
̲ԣҲ¶һ˿ЦݣȻкĪ߽Ƹһ˵ʵֱȥ棬ͼڲҵУһỹöһˡ
ͼ飬һȥȡǰһ鷳һǰǰȥܽٵλҩǰҪȥлһλǰĪӸ̲˵
һͻƽɣ̿νǾһۣλǰܽٵǰտ¾ͼˣԱúøлһ
ĪӵĻ̲Ų΢΢ͣһ£ȻתͷĪһۣż˵
ˣ㻹ȥллܽٵȻܰ㣬ҩżȻƳĵҩЧȴǲ
˵꣬Īţһֱ˲Ƹ棬кĪ£˵
ܽٵҩѣҩĵҩҪȥлֱȥҩƽʱҩУҪһɲףΪʱæûʱˣ
ԭҩǰֲƳ˵ҩסˣĪԣ˵ͷ
Īô˵̲ȴǾҡҡͷҩȷ㵱õܽٵȴܹƳģֻһżȻ
ҩΪҩĵƽƵҩʱ򣬿ûж˸ҿΪϲԸϡŹֵĴ䣬֮ǰµܽٵôǰƷϵЩҩĲУȡеľĪƳĵҩʱһҲͼöѾˣ
ȥʱҲҪܽٵҩѵƳܽٵ֮ҪƳһ¯ħ˺һӣ
̲ĻĪӵ˵ͷЩֻȥлһ¸Լҩǰû˼
̲ϴξ΢һ£ܽٵƳģᵽֵҩĹЧ֮ĪҲãֽͲŸӺһЩĵҩȻ׵ıƳµ˽ɾҲС
̲һ֮ĪӾ̲Ĵ£ҩȻҲ˵ûǻλҩǰĪûܼԷֻܽԼĸлʱһμԷʱԷʾл
ûҩĪҲûоʧֱӾͺ̲һ׼ȥˡ
ͥҪĿģʵһͬʾһԼĸлҲʿǲкĻᣬһԸ壬λʱ֮ҵ鷳
˵ͼʱûϾĪչĻǽͼ߿ܻõõʱȽϺá
ûãĪӾͺ̲һ𣬳ǰڼĪ֮󣬻ûеĪӿڣѾ
Ѿ֪ˣȹϲ㣬֮յͻƽɾ磬Σͬһ׼ͬʱԸ壬ȤĻԼȥǿ֮аɣϾҲѾǽˣ


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ĻĪ΢΢һ£Ȼܿͻָһ˵
ˣܹɹͻƽɾ磬ƽĻöлǰڴлˣ
лңΪĹףҲڶ˶İպʱĻ罫ͼһ£ͼƻ̫٣ܹ֮ȴ޷޶ȵķоЩֽţĪһȻƽ˵
һ˵̯꣬о̳һͼĪͼ
ֽͼǰһףͼͷǳȻ䵽ĪӵͬʱһöҲͬ䵽ĪӵС
Īö򣬿ٵĽʶ̽ɨһۣмصģͼҪĽĵط
лһ֣һЩָ㣬ȻͼеĽƲϤΪ֮еĶǿߣڷͼ֮ԼҲоһӣٻܹһЩŵģԸһЩָ㣬Ҳһѵ顣
ĪʵãͼжһЩʱ䣬еĽƣԼҲܹѧᣬҼȥ
ûϼڣĪֻĬĬĽͼȻ齫ͼˣǾͱʾ飬òͼˡ
㻹ʲôҪ֪𣿡Īӽͼּʵ
ĪԣҲûп̿ڵǰʱ֮ˣ
Īӷǳĵ⣬֪Էڳ컯Ĺ֮Ŀǰһʲôںδ
Īӵ⣬վһԵ̲˲˾λʱ֮ڵ˶֪ϾǴ֮еĶǿߣİΣϵܶ顣
ʱ֮컯ĹȻˣƵжأ޷ںδҲ֪
ҡҡͷǳɴĸһ𰸡
ʱ֮ټʵĵĺֹĪӣΪ֮еĶǿߣԴ˸ӵĹġ
ʱ֮˵ʱ;ԷټöԷѣܹһٽնɱϧԸΥöԷӵˡ
ʱ䣬ʱעʱⳤӵĶϣܹ׽Է˿ϧԷص÷ǳʵû¶κһš
ͬ飬ĴҲڸɣҶᣬܹʱ֮
ʵĴߣҲô£ͬԣҲʱ֮񣬲ŻôҶĽ
ĴڣӲʵϣڸ嶼һ壬ʵϣǶԸиķ
ͨʱⳤӣԷͼ̽أѰҸǱĺ֮㣬ΪӦЩ̽ûٷȥţ뽫ˡ
ĻشĪٴζһ񣬵һл
Ȼش΢ЩʧҲĪӵԤ֮УеĶǿߣȻôöԸģ֮ҪˣҲԲܱ׵ķ֡
Ѿ׼üӴĹˣǿ֮УҲͬѾʼˣȥĻǾ;ȥɣһοԷſֽźݺݵĴ򣡡˵仰ĪӾѾ˼ǸԼ뿪ˡ
ˣĪȻת뿪ˡ
ĪӺܿҵǣѾյĴ£֮ͥĵطͥʵ͵̣һµ˽⡣
ĪҵǵʱѾòˣʣµĵطһЩȽϱ߽߱ǽǵĹˣЩĪͥˣûϸĿ
ΪʦҪȥһǿգǿѾˣΪʦȥɣĪӶ˵
ԣ˵ͷԼʦҪӵȻﲻæҲϺȣصȥʵˡ
ٴαʾ˸л֮ĪӾʹǣȽͻ˵Ȼǿ֮Уֱǰ
ĪӻûпԶԶľѾоĽսѾˣҴ൱ļҡ
սϷһ𱳺Űֱֻ۵񣬻иָķһкһսˣԵƾˣһǱԷѹסˡ
ȻֻǱѣʵĿǰռϷģһȻպգʵϣҲǳһʱѡ
ڱ˴Ƭս׵磬ɵֶ֮£ûжսϣֻǱսϷԲԵ˵
Īӻоս֮УѾٳ˼ƬСռ䣬Ľǿս˫ԳĽǿߣѾӽʮλˡ
ĺ󷽣ĪӻԼоһǿϢڹעսı仯һĴߡ
ûжԥĪǰһ˲ûռ֮Уٴγֵʱ򣬾ѾսϷ
ĪӳսϵʱһһλǿߣеȻǸеܵģһ棬Ǹеѹˡ
ԭûʲôƣڸܵУټڤ֮УԷĹ֮ͣĸѾоεĽƺ嶼Ƕˡ
һ㣬ܹεģΨһܹģֻƴȫֿˡ
Īӳ֣һҲһλµĽɣսϣ׼ӦĪӡ
Ľɣ볣죬ΪҲǽɾڣϵϢƽɾʱ䣬Ҳᳬꡣ
Էֱ֮Ӷ֮һȻ֮У̱˺һռѷ졣
ĪӼ״תͷʣµļǿߵ˵ͷȻ߽ǵռѷ֮С
ոͻƽɾ磬ĪҲһԼڵʵͬʱҲԼǰɣ͵һʼɡ
Īӽ˿ռѷ죬ļĽɣʱ˴ȴٵĴ
ղŵλѣЩλϵã
ǸĪӣͻƽˣ
Īӣ
˽̸֮䣬ұ˴˶֪ĪӵݣȻȻЦ
Īڲ֮ǰ֮ǿ֮նɱһλĽɣһλʵĽɣΪͻƵĽɾ磬һλĽɳʿѾˣ˵Ͼֻһλ䡣
иոյͷͻȻ͸оһ̾Ȼͷ̫̫Ŵǣâ̾ͱð
ȻⲢĪѾնɱԼĶ֣Ǳսϣһλǿߡ
ĺ󷽣λĴ߱˴˶վһ𣬿ǹâð̫̫Ŵǣϵı鶼ǳأΪ֪սĽɣһǿߡ
ܿ죬һλ߽Ŀ⿴ϳ˵˴ͬʱ巢ѣ֣֮ģѾƣܰķʽӦˣʱ֮ڸҲϳûʲô취֮ܽΣ
λߵĻļλߣĿͶϳ΢һ˿ڴ
˵Ŀ֮Уϳɫû˿ı仯ֻǸ˵ĸоøˣƬ֮һ⣬ŻĿڵ
һΣյİ취һã򲻵ѵʱܹƴһ£


߰ʮ ʵ
Сռ֮УĪīȣͷľԪ飬һƬޱˮ򣬱ŲԺպ
λɣʱ״̬Ͳ̫ˣϵϢȻǿ󣬵ɫԵ÷ǳأǰԲεĶƣΧ岻ͣתǳѱǹɢ
λĽǿǵһκһսͬҲǵһμĪӣԭȵսʱǺ򽻵ġ
ĵһսͬҲͻƾ֮󣬵һθоԼЩˣİɣԲһöԸĴڣһĪСͨչ˲䣬Ѿˡ
ԭٳСռ䣬ȫѾСͨȡˣȻ˻ദСռ֮УĪСͨ£ѾȫһƬĽ򣬹򶼷˱仯ѹս
ӦĪϻڲϱǿϢ֪ټȥˣҪĳ֣ĪӵϢǿһ̶ȣڶԷһ֮£ͳ׵ʧȥʤĻᡣ
ֶⱳһץ˱ǹУұߵһѾ̱ץС
һ˰ɫıǹһλֵĺƵģǹ״ƺǷǳȴһַ·޼᲻ݵĸо
Էץס˱ǹͬʱڻԼƵĪӣҲ˲ĸоһŨŨɱ䵽Լϣɵһ֡
ɱ֮
ĪĿ䵽Ǹ˱ǹϣҲɵþܹ̾ΪɾǿߣȻûκһߣֻͻƾ粻õҲһ
Էе˱ǹһǿɱܹ֮ĪҲоһ˿Σա
Ҫ׵ĽԷɱ治һ׵飡ĪͷȻԥıֱӳˡ
īȵĶˣһľɹâɫԵûиκһ˿˥֮УľɹĪΪﵽ֮ǰȴѾǿ
ԼɷĪΪͻƵɾ磬ȻûлʱȥúõɷƾĪӱڵɷĪһִģҲܹ׾ٵؽ䷢ӳǿҴӸɷ⡣
ľɹɲǣλĽǸ˰ɫıǹҲȻ䱻˦ɫǹֵ˲䣬Ƭռ֮Уѹͱޱȵĳء
ĪӵСͨͼǿеĽ˰ɫıǿѹ
еɱ֮ǷǳΣյģ˱ǿ֮⣬һЩɱ֮һЩΣյĹã˵֮֮ȡ
ЩĹãΪ͵Ķֵʱ򣬼ûκεķֱ֮׾ٵıɱȻΪҪһЩĽɾϵǿߣЩЧδܹãҲýɾǿ߼ɵ׵ȥա
ĪӵȻҲԸԼһɱ֮ԾȵСͨͼɱ֮ѹҪ
Сͨѹ£Ǹ˰ɫıǹǰٶȵȷܵһЩӰ죬ȴû˶ͣ£ĪȥٶȻǰĹ֮Уڲϵļӿš
״ǹ⣬ʱڼǰĹУûбľɹӰ쵽ǿʼǹתٶȱԽԽ죬˱ǹת֮СͨѹƣȻǿеĶٶȳ׵
˷ٿıǹĪ䵽Լϵɱ⣬ѾԽԽŨԼоԼĺѾһЩʹУǹµĿ
˲䣬Īξʧԭأ˿ռ֮еһԼСͨڣĪӿκεĵطվԭӲǸɱ֮ıǹ׼˿ԡ
ĪڿռһʱλĽɣǹһĨЦ⣬˾ϵսô׶㿪ģοƵ˱ǹŹбеЧĪڳһƬռ䣬͸ұǹҲ׷һֱɱһռ䡣
Īܵһ֮ԭǰǸ˱ǹ˲ҲʧԭأٴγֵʱѾǿĪӲʮ״̴һľԪɢʸеĹâֱָĪӵʺ
˲Ϣʱ䣬˱ǹѾĪӵʺǰȻľԪĲ֮£ٶѾȻǿĪӵʺȥ
ʱĪӣȴڿռ֮пٵ㣬γںδ˱ǹܻӰΡ
ڱǹѾҪ̵ĪʺʱĪеīȣȻѾҵ˱ǹϣҪ䡣
ɾܾīһػ˱ǹɷǳǿĪӴȥȻٶȾͱøˡ
Īӿٵճֻ֣һס˱ǹǿķӲؽǹסԴ
ס˱ǹĪȻܹоԼУҪԼƣԼʺ
Ѿһƹˣ乥֮󣬱شĿ꣬ĪͬҲоǹڲŵΣյɱ⣬ֻҪ˵Լһ㣬ͻǳ鷳
ɱ֮Ҫѹ£Ǿ͵ͬʹùεĪȫ߱ʵ
Ǹ˱ǹϣɫĹâѸٵӵǸұǹϣȻһĵϣ˱ǹı棬Īӵнİ
ĪӸոս˱ǹѹͬʱϢģһ˱ǹѾıȫľԪķҲûɢ˿ϢƣֱĪӵĺ󱳡
ϢιҲֱһ̣ĪӲԷӦΪʵ̫죬ʵ̫ˡ
ĪǰһѪɫıǹҲͬһɫһ㣬ֱӴĪӣǸεıǹл֮ơ
ͬʱλĽɣȡһǹɢһǿƣŲǰ̤һһһȻ͵ؽͶ
ţٴǰһ粽ϵϢޱȵķ񣬷·Ҳһ˱ǹĪͶȥ
һ̣ĪоһΣգλĽɣϵıǹˣһĸˣֻеһˣȫʣĪӶûвģͬʱҲΪΣյһˡ
Ī֪ԼܲĹΪ¶ˣ⼸˱ǹҲһӰΣĸԼ
ζĪӷǳĲĪСͨյĿռ䣬ǰΣ֣Ī˵ʵôΣյġ
ǸεıǹҪĪӵʱĪӵıͻȻֳ֮һĪӣĪǰҲͬʱһλɵǰҲͬĪӣͬʱ֣ץסıǹ
⼸Īӳֵ˲䣬Ǽǹͬʱһ˲ĴңƺһҲĿˣλĽɣҲ޷ȷһĪӣΪ⼸ֵĪӣϵϢǳʵ֪ǻҲһʱ֮Щֱ治Ļ֣黯ʵƺҲ޷ʵ


߰ʮ 徯
ĪͻȻֵ֮ļӰȻǵĻлʱ
ǵʯһ˲䣬ʱӰ£ĪԼʱ֮УѾˣȫԴݵķӦ
ʱĪӾʱ֮һֶ֮΢ѧһ㶫Ȼʱ֮ĪӲûʲô򣬵Ԫ«Уʱⳤӵĺˮ
ԭʱ֮ΪԼ׼ĶڣԪ«ĪӵУʱⳤӵĺˮͳĪԼĶ
ܹԪ«װУǾǵһˮȻҲܸĪӴô
ͬʱץסǼ˱ǹĪҲλĽɶԭأڶԷǿ֮УīȺݺݵϣͬʱСͨεѹס
СͨǼ˱ǹЧ̫ԣԸλɣЧȴͼӰģ˲öԷԭء
Է߲תԲεĶƣҲСͨס
ī͵һ֮£ĽɣʱҵķѣȻʮľɹͬʱ䵽ҵķѵϣ滯һľ
ܵĴλĽʵûʲô󰭣ܵ˶̫ء
ţīٴλӶһŨŨԼٵĴĵϣĲӰ䵽λɵϣһĽԷɢͬʱҲ˸Ĵˡ
ĪֳļӰѹסǼ˱ǹ䳹׵ѹһӰʧܹĸ˱ǹȫĪӵС
һеĸ˱ǹĪ̽ĸ˱ǹȫﵽɽĳ̶ȣΪɱ֮һܲսƷ
ȥ֮󣬿ʱǣȵԺòˣҲԴǣӶˣǵ֮ϣÿǸԺ׼һݼ񣡡ĸ˱ǹ֮Ī
һλѾɢɣԷȻţĪСͨѹĻԷ»з֮
Ҫƾ賣ֶΣնɱһλǿߣȷһ׵飡ӦŶԷķĪа
ĸоλĽɣûмᣬǱԽԽǿˣ֤Էֶûʩչƴȫ
Ī̯Ԫ«̳Уλһ̱ܵĸоΣøǿˣĪӵСͨѾ亳
ʱֻͽ޹İˣĪóԪ«֮Ѿû˿Ļᡣ
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Īͻƾ֮Ԫ«УѾжʮȻǲɵġ
ʵԭԪ«Ҳô࣬ʮű飬ԼͻƽɵĴҲǶʮĵҡ
ܹӵжʮǶʱ֮ıĪӵѪԪ񣬶Ԫ«һΣȻ١
Ԫ«ĪڶԼͻƽɾ֮ʵĳ̶ȣѾһȷжϡ
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СͨĪֶſռ֮һǰ̳һռѷ졣
һ̤УĪӰ̳ǿ֮Уֵĵһʱ䣬ĪӾע⵽ͷâ̫̫Ŵǡ
սûнĪѾͨԼ֮ĸӦڤڤ֮лȡһЩϢ
ԴĪͻƽɾ֮֮ĸоȻǿ࣬ĪѾָܹͨоӦڤڤ֮ؼ䷢һЩ顣
ȻһЩص£һЩйص飬Ӧĸһ֪µľ绹úԶ
ѾսλɣԼоĪ֪ԼλսĹУѾսλǿߡ
λսĽǿ߶һģҷǳĬģɱ˵ģֱˡһҲǶԽ飬ԸԷһЩΡ
Īӿŷǳҵսָ֣֪ԸΣЧǳĲһĿǰսøӼˡ
ս֮УɾĸѾս룬ɾԦĿܣ˵˸λãս룬˫ļλɾĸֽս
Ȼǿ֮нսĽɣһֻԶѣǱ˴˽ֵļҳ̶ȣղѾһƬռǵսУڱϵĴ顣
ĪӰոճ֣ŽԼҪҪսȴͻȻ֮䷢֣һʱȻѡ˺ˡ
һ˵ͬʱ֮ǰĪǸɫĳʱǿ֮С
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˳ǿ֮УϲûɢڴߵƣվѾеˣһ־޴ѹȸС
λĴ֮߳ӪǰҲϢĳӰһλĪĵޡ
һĴ֣߳λߴʱڿ˵
壬ΪֹɣǶƣȥǿº޷ˣ鵽󣬽δܹܵס
λԣһۣȻ޿˵ͣǾһһЩ̬ȣͬʱ壬ֻ֮аһ֣
仰˵ĺӲΪʵˣ干֮ͬ£ֻǱѹһ֡
ȻԼĵ̣ǼƣҪ壬ǾͲҪˣԾڴˣǺúõĿһ£λԵ޵̬ȣ˿ȴԵøӵӲ̬ȣǿ֮е˶֪һԼĵƵġ
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ϣǲҪ壡һ仰λ߾ʹԵĽʧԭء


߰ʮ һθ߲
ǣ򽻽֮һµĴǣҲһˣ򽻽紦µһӪ
ǳһδõһŴǣΪɢǳ̺֮һֹ⾳һȨһ֮ѡŴǰǰߣһķ
Īǳϣǳ֮ڵһƬС֮УΧҲǽɾϵǿߡ
ʣһ߲֮Ľе飬Ϊһλ½ĽɾǿߣĪҲһβμֻ飬ܹĴ£ܹһЩԼ
ȻĪ֪ԼǲҪ˵ʲôҪΪΪͻƵɾ粻ã߲˼룬ҪӦҪһЩԭļƻ֮ģҲûʲô˽⣬óȻڽʲôֻʾԼ٬Ͳء
һϷλ˵ĪҲһߴΧĽǿߣǿߣʶĿûмȻǱȽϺ档
ЩɾǿߣҲظоĪӵĴˣûĪӵĴһС֣Īӵͷʾ⡣
ǱߣҲͬȡ˾棬ںһʱֹͣ˽̽ѰĵƣҲ˵˵ĵƣܻʲô޺һλڸλǰڶɣʵ
ʻڳЩɣ¶˼ɫҲǴ֪ġ
Ľս˫˴˶Ƚ˽⣬ҸԵȺ֮УҲжԷİ֣µ˴֮䶼ȽĹ֮£ܹʲôֶΣǻһʱ֮벻
λߵĿʵҲһ²ķֶΣƴ۲СҲԸ׵ĶãԲŻֿǾ档
᲻ᣬʱ֮ʵأѾ˲ս׼һλ̽Ŀ˵
˵ܣԼÿԺС֮˵ҲһשЧܹ˳ԣ˵п뵽ĵơ
Ȼλǿ߿֮ĪӾһλǿ߿ڡ
ʱ֮ĹʵǿҲԲ̫ᣬҾû᲻һǼ컯֮ûг׵٣ܹڸһ۵£һݶ컯֮
λɵĻĪҲаԵͷλ˵Ļ֮ǰλͿ׵ĶˣӶԷ仰УĪֻһǰ֪Ϣ
ڷļĪ֮ǰ֪֮УΪɱ⼸ΣһͷҲǾŵɽĳ̶ȣĪӺңԶɷŵǾͲһˡ
ĪţܹԼΪڽɾڣԼеīȣŵɽĳ̶ȣļɽѶȻǳĴ
˾ŵɽ֮󣬻ܷĪһֱһˣþŵɽǷļޣǰǸ磬ôǿ󣬿鱦ĺ鱦磬ǰ;·
ʱⳤ֮УĪ֪ھŵɽ֮󣬷һлԼ̶ֳȵķ컯֮
ڣλɵĻ֮УֵõһµϢǾһ컯֪֮ʲôʱѾˡ
õϢĪиеһȻΪ֮ǰ壬ûе嶼ӵ컯֮£ûһ컯֮
ӵ컯֮壬Ȼᱻȡܾͺǵ컯֮кܴĹϵ뵽˴ĪӲɵһ
ò컯֮ڱϳصʱ򻵵İɣ
ͷĪ˲÷ǳпܣϾǸʱʵѾˣȡλ֮ǰٲҪ䷢һսʱͣԲܿǲ컯֮
⵹ЩܣҲǻܶǼ컯֮кģܹƾһ컯֮Կҵ֣οУҲ˿Զõ컯
Ī˼ЩʱڵԵλͻȻˡ
Ļһ䣬ĪӷеˣĿͻȻ䵽ԼϣЩǴĿ⣬Ǹղ˵λߣĪӻԷʱ򣬿ԷԴЦݡ
ʱҲЦſĪ˵ĪӣոͻƽɣôҲˣ÷ðգҪͰڵ֮УҪúõİͼһ£ĿǰΪĹף
ͻȻΪĿĽ㣬ĪҲû˿ӳȶλ΢΢ȻֶߵĽǿ߻΢ЦӦǵ⣬ſڻش
ոͻƽɣһԼʵʱȷʵǳһʱҲԴˣǰҲͬ
λߣĪû˵ͼԼϣ¾ͻᱻ˸ȥϾͼѾչһ֤ͼ֮ȷܹչֳ컯ĺʵһݵ̡
λߵĪΪһǿߵսԶûͼӵҪĪڽɾ֮Уսǳǿ
ðɣȻͬģͼսɣҪСģǧҪգ
ĪӵĻشλߵ˵ͷĿĪӵջˣͬʱһ䡣
ڳĽĻҲûʲô˼Ҳ֪ĪƵͼеһЩˣͼЧȻĪӵҪ
»ص죬һЩһЩܣоñȽԶ뷨󵨵һλ²ܻ֧ŲסʱͼǿգһͿŲٵᡣ
뷨ڳͬĲ࣬ĪҲãĿԲ
ǿգǱֱռŵģڸռݵ򣬸඼ԵĿȨҪЩռݵǳ޷׵λǿգ
׿һѶȣ˵ĺ
Ϊϳǿ֮飬ٵǿգ͵ڻٵĵطֻԼĵ;
Ҳֻǿ֮棬ĺ֮£֧Ųס׵İУǸʱ˵Ҳ컯棬ƽϢ˳׵֮ˣܴӴ˾ͳ׵ˡ
ۺֵԭλ󵨵Ĳ룬Ȼòٵ룬û㹻ӣΪҶⲻ̫ܡ
һһЩпܵһһЩԵİ취ȻĪӲμӵĵһ̸߲֮ôˣĽһ壬巢
һǧѷĺûᣬ²׵壬ҲҪУʧȥ


߰ʮ 
ھһ֮һжǳѸ٣ǽɫĳȻΪһҲǵһγ֣һƳʵһ̫ѵ飬һԵķͿˡ
˴Լһʱ֮ĪӾͼһλЩԽɣĽ紦ɶԷȥԸǸɫĳ
ԽɣóһСɵļȻѼǸɫĳϵһ̣ĪӾ˽жԷԭԭоȻһ
֮ĪӴ˿е֪λԽɣһλǳó֯ĽɣҲеĽ֮УȽе࣬ƽʱһϣԼó飬ٻս
ԷڼǸɫĳ֮ûĽ紦ֱ뿪ˣڼĪӺͶԷ̸˼䣬ֶԷһرˣĵ׾Ͳϲսˣзǳϡ٣ܹﵽɾģǾ͸ϡˡ
ƿǰ֮󣬽ȻٴηһΣĪӵȽǳǰģΪⳡսѾǶ嶯ˣûбҪ˼ʲô
ڽս֮УĪӵķȴǿĽŲֱ񣬺ܿռǵǳ
֮£ǱߣսҪ߸Ϊ߻ŵСĽսҪӵͶ룬Ȼǰٶȸ졣
ĽһȻѡķطΧ޵ܵľۼһܹȻڲϺ˵ĹУҲóĵ̣
һĿĹâǿ֮Ϣģǿˣܹоâʱǿ
һǳıըұըģһǣâ֮ʱǿնܹըֲ֮Ҳп˶Ϊ֮𺳡
ĪӺͼλĽɣǱըĵطԱȽϽλվĿⶼǱըâĵط֮졣
Īϸصı飬ߵǼλǿߣɫǺ¡
ξȻ˷񣬽һǶˣĪСģʱ⣬ҵûóȻǰһ£嶨ʧٵһλǿ߿˵
ԱߵļԣҲ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ʱĽֱӵĴսʵ࣬Щǿ߳ǰ棬ʱҪģɨƽһЩϰ塣
󳷣һ·µĸֶκ֮ܶ࣬еֶΣǳõ󷨣װװȴŴһЩ塣
ЩҪǷǳףΪ޷ȷеײ˶ֶΣõ壬һһģΪѾеֶζƳ˵ʱ򣬵ȵڶ˸ϵʱ򣬾ͻֲ֪ʲô۵ĵطͻȻ֮һЩصֶδ
ѾǳСˣʱ䣬мɣͽʮλ䣬ǱߵսʧҪߴö࣬ߣͨϵĺˣڵûжʧ
ǿǱըѾɢը봦ռҲĺ£Īֵ֪Լ˳ˡ
λѣҵǰȥɣǾСһЩԷ廹ʲôصֶΣĪӶԵļλ˵ͬʱһ䣬ǰȥΧļλҲæϡ
ʱս֮УЩǿҪĹƳµĸֶκ壬ⷽ棬Īӵ֮ڵģЩֶεƳҲ֮õģԴҲԸʱĪӵġ
Īӿʱ򣬸ղűըĵطռѾ׵Է޸ˣվܹоһȵϢԼ񱩵ǳ֮
ΧΪһǵıըǳƬԼССʯһּٶȣϵΧ䣬ҲС
ĪվϸĸӦһ£Χ񱩵ǳ֮֮УĪӸӦһ޵ǳ֮ôһ˿ƣȴһǳ֮۳ĻϢ
ĪӸ֪֮ͻȻ֣Ȼ˳ĸ֪Ϯ
ɫĹâһĪӻǿյһ򣬴һɫĹâ׾ٵؾͽǹɢˡ
׾ٵرԼɢĪӷ΢΢Щ⣬ΪѾоһΪֶΣȽó֮
ԷȻֶΣǰ˵Բ̫ûֶεıҪƫƫµֶΣôͺֻǴкѡ
Īţں嫵ǿ֮УͻȻ֮Ⱥâͺ͸ղǱըֹâơ
âķ򣬾սʹţǱߣҲ˺һ飬ǵսϣһǡ
âĪӶڸղ׾ٱԼɢ䣬˲ҲƷζ
ľ棬壬ҪټǰˣǾԻһЩľٶǳ
뵽һ㣬ĪȴøӲԾˣȣһвڰʾң׼ĺֵʲôǰʾݣȴЩģɡ
ֻǳǴǣҲøͣ½Ų˵ҪǿղҲδǸʵв˻߾֮⣬ƺ𵽺ܺõЧ
вķʽƺҲǺǡͣ£ǵĴߣкĴ߽ӴЧҲںá
ĪӾЩ⣬ͬʱҲ˼Լǲ̫ɣΪ˽ɾ磬ĸ߲֮һˣǵЩࡣ
ٿɣͬʱԸ壬ôĴڰпţҪЩ£λӦҲܹôߣҲӦԣ뵽ĪʱԼһɻѹ¡
󷽣ϳĴ߼һã˵ĿⶼϳԵ΢Щѹ֡
˵ĿעУϳĿʵʱ⻹ûг֣ܵĺأпܵҲ֣ڵľƣ²ǵľ棬ҲͣԣҵǸ뷨λǵˣ
ϳڣڳ˶ݵĳĬûһڡ
ųĬˣϳüĴǶɫƣתٶȱøһЩȻ˵
Щ岻ϵĺˣûٺ潻棬Աʧ󣬿ȥܹյ򣬽᲻ϵļ١
ڻҪ֧ҵ뷨ǵȵٹһЩʱգյٶһ֣ҵʵܵӰ죬Ǹʱ򣬸λͬ⣬ҿҲˣһʸλͬĻǾһսΪֹ
ϳһ䣬Ŀɨڳдߣǳľ
仰֮һЩԭ֧ˣ̵ͷЩ֮ǰԵˣһΣҲ˶ҡˡ
һĻϳĹû˵ʲôȴ֪ʣ»ԵˣѾˡ


߰ʮ ɱ¾
嫵ǿ֮УĪӵȼĽǿվһǳϣԶһƬҫ۵Ľ⣬Լǹŵɱ⣬Ǳ߸оһɲ̫ķΧ
ⳡ干ͬսʼ֮󣬳˵һսʱʱ嶼ڲϵĺŵģûдϣоһִսķΧڣǰҫ۵Ľ⴦ָо
˴ĵˣѾ׼ˣҪڴ˴һսˣһλǿЩص˵
ⳡսʼڣ崦ھԵ·壬ʱȫƵӣе˶塣
ǺʵǺ֮ĴʱҲһƴ֮ģѾҪʱܱսԻǳľˣûóĵ̣ҲԻʱչ֡
Īû˵ֻǸǴ⴦еϤķΧڴϵʱı߹ǰߣķΧ
Ȼʱսս˫Ǿܵ͵սۼҵĳ̶ȣҪ֮ϵսǿִսطΧҲȻǸӵŨ
ղλ˵ģһԲһֱˣ˵˴˴Ӧþ͵ǵĵߣǻһսͬ壬пҲͬ
ĪӿսͬʱսĿԲΪĻǶΪĽʱҪĻѡһս˾ͺãʣµƬսԺ֮ǰһϵˣһǡĶȡ
һսͿԼȻջͶ뵽һս֮У߽оս
սֻҪǣƣ岻սԶ΢һЩ
ôͬʱ壬Ҳ˳ˮۣ߰æǰͲһܻභܾˣĻȴ壬תͷ֮һҲܹһ¡
˼ЩĪͻȻоǴҫ֮ŵɱ⣬Ȼʱ˿Ȼ⻹ûʲô仯ͻȻı䶯ѾеĽɶע
ܿ죬Ƭֵĵط߳ϰٵӰÿһӰϣһǿɱ⣬ǵĳ֣ƬƺһЩһЩǳҫ۵ǹ⣬ҲƺǿɱҲѹȥ
ĪϸЩֵӰЩӰ壬ƵĿ֮ĶΪû˿Ϣֻ΢Ԫ񲨶
ЩӰÿһǳĸߴ˵߰ǸԲͬģпΪСһƺҲǧ֮ߡ
ɱ¾徹ȻôĪߣһλǿƺϳЩʲôüͷ˵
Īԣ̽ĿͶ˶ԷļλɣɾͽʱȽ϶̵ģҲĿͶ˶Է
λǿҲûʲôӣֱӾͿڽ͵廹ڴϵʱΪ˶ԸƵһƿܵⷨСӦҲܹжܷӳڵֲĶ̰壬ĵ֮һΪ峷ô꣬Щɱ¾ͱĹˣû뵽Ȼô࣡
λǿߵĽͣתͷֿһЩ߳ɱ¾Ȼֻعͷ¿λǿߡ
Էղ˵Ŀ̺һַŭЩɱ¾ĳ֣ѾŭȻղ˵ĻҪݡ
ȻĪλǿ߼˵ⶫȷæһ̶ϣɹֲϡ٣µսĲ㣬ɱ¾˵ȴһѪʷ
屻壬˶ڼ߹Ƶɱ¾Ҳ˼롣
ԣǲҪĿܣϣɱ¾ܹһǣֲĵǣΪĻɱ¾пܻΪ塣
뵽һ취䵮һֱȽϴĲ飬ʹиǿսֲڳֵİ취Ϊϵġ
Ϊ֮Ƴɱ¾ȫﵽǵҪһϲǾɱ¾ϵɱ¾֮ʹ֮󣬾һѪʷÿһɱ¾ϣǧ
λ˵˫Ŀɵ΢΢Ҳҧ˵ÿһ֣ǴＷġ
ĪԷĻٿЩɱ¾ʱһ˵ζǱߺޣֻҲһɱ⡣
СһվḶ̫́ļ裬ͬʱҲΪѪȱѵʶ޷ǿ󵽱Լĳ̶ȣǾֻ׸ͬѱһ㣬己ܵж١
ΪЩĥѣŽյ壬ҲΪЩĥѣŻ֮Уʼںս
ϳأȡ֮һֶҲʣǸʱܵȺ͵ʱҲӲͷƤ˵ġ
ϰٸɱ¾Ķǳĸߴÿһʵﵽɾ磬ΪСǸϵϢﵽɾڣɱ¾ϵϢѾﵽɾĶ塣
ϰٸɱ¾֮󣬽ģٵ壬ÿһʵȫɾĴڡ
Щɾ֮УмӰֲ߳⾳ѾıǵݣȫĽɡ
һռѷ죬ͻȻǿ֮д򿪣߳Ӱλߣһ֮ǰǿ֮ºݻˡ
ʱλߵϣڴߵǿûһɢţŴߵơ
λ֮߳һ˾ֱӻĿ˵壬֮ǰѾǾ棬ҲһٵãȻǾҪ壬Ҳ˿ȣڴ˴սһ֪֮ڣս
λһֵĻ£ǿնԷһһ£ĪӵΪɣҲ̸оһɳصѹ
ͬʱƬ󷽣ĵӴӰǿ֣֮һԱ߻һλͬߴҲǲӰ
ǵԱߣͬմڳʯһ㣬ߴ͵ľˣλͽɢɱ⣬иһѴ󴸣Եޱȵĳء
ĵ߲ɲӰ֣ѹȸУ˲ǿ֮˿վñȽϿĪӵˣ󷽵Щˣ˿Ҳоһ־޴ѹ
壬Ҫͺײˣ


߰ʮ ս
ɱ⣬пֲǿ֮ӣһ̵壬ֳս⣬֮ǰȫͬģģ
˿ǿս⣬ƣĪȴţЩԾԾˡ
ڴ˿ֳ˲ֵĵ̣һֺ壬ں󷽣λѹǰ׼һս壬һкξ壿
Īߵļλɾǿߣ˿Ҳͬս⣬μⳡսҴһʼ׼ҪһӲ̣ʼһս֮⣬ʱ䲢ûӭսĶ֣ڣսһʱ
ǿ֮Щɱ¾ĿĪӵ˺󷽣ӪڣҲһЩߴӰ
һ߾ߵĻؿܣĪùʽֿ֮⣬θĿܣһͶǳĴȻȲߴ󵽲ɹľ޴ӰǱЩɱ¾ȴ˿
Щ̬ĿܣÿһϵϢǳǿͬҲﵽɾ磬ĪùʽĿܣҲͬвִﵽɾĳ̶ȡ
Щﵽɾ̶ȵʽܣڲϵˮҵ֮еľƷǵĳҲżȻΪڲϵظҵ֮УյżʲϣԼһЩأܻᵮһЩƷЩܾˡ
ĪѾע⵽ЩĿϱɱ¾ռƣһֿܵĲߣĳλ˵ԪͷвΪܻôǿĪɣһֿ֮еĲߣΪûдﵽ˾硣
һЩ֮ܳӪϷӴӰеͬ޴ʯһӰȻ̧֮Ųǰһ
߲ɲľ޴ӰǰһԽľ룬Ѿ˲絽ս룬ǸֵһѴ󴸣ҲǰĶͬʱȥĿ꣬Щܡ
޴Ĵһͷ·ޱȾ޴ĴǣȻ䵱£ǿշ·һ̶ˣռƺܲסǿȻϢֿ񱩵ƣ·ܹѹһеȴֱÿһ˵
Ȼµͬʱ֮Уһͨƽɫ˸ֻƵ֮Ȼ֮֮д˳󴸵ǰס½֮ơ
Ϣһײ˲䷢ûκε𣬵Ƭǿգǿռ仹ǳײ𵴡
һν棬ͬһźһ㣬ⳡսĿʼ
Īӿ֮һı֮֮У֮һӰ̤ռһ̣λĴСڳֵ˲䣬˵Ȼ֮䳤ͬһ߲ɲľˣסǸ֮
Ǿ޴֮λǿߵУһǳֵĽɫס˲䣬ǰһɨֱӹǰ޴Ӱ
ٴκͽɫĳײһ޴ľߣռˮһ𵴿ִ֮ײǵΧռ䶼Ѿܲסǵ
Īע⵽һεƴ֮УλһǿߣƺԵЩ·磬ܿԡ
ԷϵϢҲǽɾѣˣͬҲǽɾ磬֪ľˣȻޱȵĴڣͬһжȷЩԿ
ĪӿһĻ֮ʶľȥһѣƾԼʵȫɵĶԸеһڵ£ԷֻҪ޷׵ѹԼʰԷò˶ٵʱ䡣
ʱ˽ս֮˲ֳһռѷ죬̤һһȫսףӢˬŮޡ
̤ռѷ˲䣬Ůξ̱ͬһˣһȭһλľˡ

ŮޣĪϳ˶Է˭֮УΨһһ޵ݣ̤˽ɾŮޣҲǺĪӼͬʱΪɵĴڡ
Է֣Ī̴ȥæͷʵԸһˣʵ࣬һܹնɱ֣Ҳᱻռˡ
߸ոս֣ɱ¾ЩؿܣҲ˱˴ܹķΧ
ܻһξ룬˫ѾԥĶ˹Щ֮УЩ̬ĿܣʱѾʽֶΡ
һεĿܣֱſ˿ڣ³ʺѪĻ棬˲ϯ˴Ƭǿգٵɱ¾С
ʺѪĻ棬˵ĸоǳճѪҺһ㣬ֲֿ¶ȣȴڻǳһӵȼջ
һ·ϰֻĹŹֿܣ䱳һ˫ǰĹ֮룬˫չ¶˫֮ϣķġ
ЩѸٵ𣬱˴˻ţ˲仯һ޴һѹ̬ǿ֮ǰȥ
Щܣͬ˸ֹ˲Ϣ֮䣬ǿ֮оͱ
ЩؿܷĹһЩɱ¾ҲضãߵĿܣЩɱ¾ǹӦԵķʽԵʵ޻ֺǵޱȵƥ䡣
ǰЩɱ¾ǿĹͬʱ˫֣ȻǰһѪɫĶƣһ
һŨŨѪЩɢЩƵɱ¾ӲĿеĹһǰȥнĹ֮У΢һЩЩɱ¾һ϶һѪɫıǹͬʱǰͶȥ
һѪɫıǹһѪ⣬ǰеĹֱӾһЩؿܵϡ
һĻؿܣҲ˸ֶַΣʱ򣬻ǲһЩʧ֮һν棬Ȼһȳ
ʱľѾƽˣЩɱ¾һֱ۵ͬʱͬһѪɫ䵶ֱøŨɱ¾Ϣһߣ·һѪȻֱӳĻؿȺ֮Уɿչ˹
ǹķʽɾ䣬˴֮仹ĬϣȫΪɱ¾Ļֲ飬һսıܡ
һĻؿҲȻ·磬ƾŸֲֶͬΣûһ֮ܣڽӦš
һ׳׹⣬ͻȻֱ֮ĪӵڵλãĪߵļ֮Уһֱӻִһ⣬׹ɢţĪڵнɣͬʱſԼϢΪ֪һĽǿߣڶս
һռѷǲԶ߳ģһĽǿߡ
ĪĿɨлһԼģԼ֮ǰĽɡ
Ŀɨ֮ĪӺܿͽĿͣһųĽɵϣԷĿҲ䵽Լϣû⣬ԼĶˡ


߰ʮһ ൱
˫ɣĪӲǵһμԷ֮ǰԼնɱŮ޽ɣһ򽻽紦λŮ޽ѾԼնɱĪû뵽ԼȻһλ
תһ룬ʵҲĽɾǿ߾ٶλһпܱ࣬Ҳܶ٣ʱ䣬Ѿ˼λɣҪͬʱĹĸ֡
֮ĿһεĿǿ֮ײȻʵһ㣬ǿһ˷ǳϸ΢ŤѾһεĽˡ
ĪӺߵļλɣȫǳĬĻһݹ⣬ѡĶһԶǿնȥΧսһξ롣
һν֣Ҷûѡ񿪱һƬСռΪսǶ׼ˣǿ֮зһսֻǶȽĬıܿս룬ֹܻӰ죬սĸһЩ
ڷԶĹ֮УĪӸоһĺâͬһһ㣬ԳԽԼݹٶȣѸԼϮ
λĽɣѾȶԼ˹ԼϮĺâǶԷ˫ϵһë
ľԪ˲ĪӵͷһʸеĹâľԪԴԴϵɢΧɢһëס
һɢʸеĹâ֮УǸëٴ˼â֮ٶͬһĹһʸеĹâı·һ㸯ľʽṹǿ֮С
ͬһʸеĹâɢķΧԶһķ·Ҫ޵ȥĪ߲ԶλɣԼɨʸеĹâҲòӦһ¡
˫˲ֻ˵ëͷ·һ˸ŷĺ⡣
ֱֻӴȻǰһӣһɫĺ⣬ͬһк˲˺һһʸеĹâԴԴĪϮȥ
ЩȻû䵽Īϣд󲿷ֶһĹâסˣһС֣ǷΧطǿ֮һֱɳ˺ԶԶһЩʯ΢Сǳ顣
ͬһĹĪǰһӣһɫĹâȻ֮Īӵ֮зɳǿƵƿͬһĹֱӳλɵǰ

޷ǿ֮УȻȴײţûֹͣǽϵ𣬾ͷ·һƬƬͬһëʼǿ֮зһƬεС
𵴵ͬʱľԪɢһâѸٱиķ飬һֱƽĪǰ״âȶ
ĪڵķӿľԪͷĹâͬʱһץղŷɳȥīȣƾճС
īȣĪѸٵĽǰһ㣬һɲǣīȵĶˣͻȻһͬƳɵëīͬʱīȼ˵ҲѸٵؽë飬Ȼ֮ǰ壬۳һһĹâֱλɡ
âҲλһײһɲ֮䣬ײһƬҫ۵ĹââĿۣͬʱһǿĳǿ֮ɢΧʯȫſһԡ
ҫ۵ĹâͬʱĪӺĽɣ˶û˶ͣǱ˴˵ĽֱøӼˡ
λɵͻȻһѳˣͺûйһ㣬һûйҵĳһֻͬëһȴĪӸоһΣյĸо
ƿգëٶȿļڷɳͬʱѾĪӵǰʱĪӵߣ̳һӰԼСͨʩչ˳
ĪСͨѹ£ֻͬëһӲıĪԼǰ֮һҲͬĪӵСͨΧڣӲѹ
ȻλĽǿߣǲϵһ˿ԼЩû˿Чʵ
֪ûЧȴڲϹĪиоһ˿һ׼СͨЩȫٵʱԭڿеһͻȻһ׹⣬Ȼһ͸
ţĪͻȻ֮͸оԼСͨƾձһӣСͨһʱ֮УԼ޷
޷СͨԼھҪջСͨҲȫģһԴԴϵԼķ
ͻıʣɵĪһԷһУȻЩԵ˼ԵרžԼСͨɴ˿ɼԼĹֶΣѾԷУԷҲҪԸԼˡ
ͷոĪӽžͷ֣ԼߵĿռ䣬Ȼ֮·סˣֿռ̣һֿռĸı䣬ĪҪƿѣҪһʱ䣬һʱ䣬಻ȫ֮£һҲԡ
ƫƫһ̣ûһʱ䣬ΪֶֽεɣҪľһʱ䡣
еǰѳûйңǴ˿̣ȴѾˣڳ֮ϣŵһʰ쵵ëɢϣֵĽϣҲλɱĵ
ʰ쵵ëļˣһѪɫĹâתһֲϢƺĳ֮
Īһ̣˲һͷƤĸоܹоһѾնɱһλɣǼ˵֮ȫһɱС
ܱһ˵Īжʱһݣʶܱһ˵΢һƤԼҲ൱鷳
һ̣ΪĽɷ֣ʰ쵵һʹâǿƵ˺ĪľԪķֱȡĪӵüģЯδĪӸоһַԪĴʹС
֧ҪĪӵʱԪ«֧ǰֱӽֻУȻ΢΢Ԫ«һ£ŽһͻȻӺ«һּٶȵתأλĽȥ
ͻȻһ£λҲȻһȻѸٵĶ˿Ҵ⡣
⣬ղŸֶΣȻ֪Լҽӡ
ŶԷܵĻᣬĪӿٵƿ˿ռĽͬʱһѾλǰԶеīȴһĵϣݺݵ˶Է
λĽɷӦٶȷǳĿ죬ں˶ͬʱеǰѳѾʧˣȡ֮һ׶೤ĽëһѳסĪӹ
һ֮ͬʱˣĪں˵ͬʱһֻѸٵش˼ľɹ⣬Է˼ͬһİ׹ɢȻ˾롣
˾֮˻࿴ŶԷûټŶ֣ΪĪӺλɶ֣ڱ˴˱ֳʵ˵֮侹Ȼ൱ģ¶ʱڣ඼޷κε˶Է


߰ʮ սƷ
û뵽Ȼһ൱Ķ֣Ŷλ˫ɣĪеսӵŨˡ
ͻƽɾ粻ãʵȴǳĲ֮ǰλɣĪӴµԼʵǰλɣͻƽɾ֮ĵһ൱Ķ֡
λ˫ɣΪǽɾڣʵǳĲǸղһȫնɱɾǿߵʵ
Ķ֣Īڲʹͼֶε£ܷӳսպò࣬һ֣Ī佻ֵʱ򣬸Ϥɾǿߵսʽõս
ԣĪڲż̽ǰĶֽҪԷĥʯᣬһӦһ½ǿߵսʽ
пٵ˼ӡΧǿ֮У̸ֳˮ飬˲ԶЩǳϣǳ֮Ҳܵǣ뵽һſˮ֮УЩˮ˽ɫ
ۣ
Īӵһˮ飬λǿ߻۶ȥ
λгһ·𳤽һëɣΧͻȻ֣ѸԼ£һſŽɫˮ飬в˿Ĵ⡣
Ѹٵԭһת˫ĴһĽתĹ֮У˷Щ£ˮԴԴϵɨգмֽ޵ķɡ
ʵԵĻˣʵΧ޷ܣĪʩչĹֶεͬʱΧĿռ䣬Ҳһ˲䱻ˣֿռĽղʩչֶҪǿҪ׵ƿûпܣζ㲻ĹֻѡӦԡ
ĪӴѧһЩ飬ɾǿߵĽ棬ҪܵƶԷжֹԷͨռֶζܣ֤ԼĹգܰսʱ価ܵѹһЩ
ֻһսС飬Ͼÿһɾǿߣܹ׾ٵĴ򿪿ռѷ죬ھԶĵطֶƵĻǸ·Ժܷ㣬ܹҲͬķ㡣
λĽɻһͬʱսش֪ʲôʱһλߵǰѾλߵӰ˫¾ȻѾˡ
֮䶯֣ΧɵӰ죬ƺɾҪСö࣬Ͷ֮䣬˿̻ϢһһôÿһεĹҲޱȵΣա
ȻλߵĽ֣ûиΧɶӰ죬ǽֵĵطΧһƬûκε˸ҿǾܵĶԶһЩ
ĪΧӰ첻ĵطĽǿߣʱҲսһţ͸ߴľ֮ս֮⣬ΪעĿһԽɣλɾڵǿߡ
սĵطÿһιƾˣǳ˹ײͬʱҲ˴飬֮ʯΪ촷ۣͬʱҲеǲϲŶԷ
ſֽŵײ֮£ʯвٶΧȥӰ쵽Χֵɣս֮ϵЩɣɱ¾ĻؿܣҲвұеġ
ΪһſʯԵʣûս΢Ľ£սøӼˣ˫˴˶ֵʱ򣬸һಫ˼
ĪīǰȻһӣͬʱһֲֻΪָָһɫǳ֮мŵİâ
һǳ֮УӵǷ֮£Ī򵥵ĹܷӳԲκεɷǰλɣҲòӶһ˫򣬽ǰ赲
һ֮ĪīѸٵջأһֻУһ͸ˮмһžӨ͸ˮҪ
ɣǰëҲѾһŰ׹֮У߸ߵľ׼䡣
ɾʱһ·ڴı̾ͻȻ֮ͷ̫̫ŴǣâҲ̱ð
ֽɾǿ̾ս֮нֵˣϵĶ΢΢Ķһ¡
սʼڣ˵һλǿ䣬˶ܹģλǿߣһģ
ܿ죬˶֪Ĵ𰸣ȻԭΪɾǿ΢ͣһµսѸٵıü
ȻһģĪƾԼʶҲѸٵ̽ĵһĽǿߣһλĽɣȻһĽǿߣһĪ⼸ոʶһλɡ
ԷһλɾͽɲһĽɣʵﵽ˽ɾڣսҲ൱Ĳɾһλɣȴս֮С
սλ³Ҳǳңһ룬ԪҲܵشô˵ǻĸ
ΪһɵĪӹĶɵþͱøӵˣǰһӣһ޴ˮĪӵ֮޴ſһžӨ͸ˮǰû
ʱĪӣѾԼСͨıסֶΣڷͬʱһʩչԼСͨ
һƬޱˮɢͬʱһòȻǰ
ĪеīǰĲ׳ī˲֮ڣţǰò޴ϣͻȻ֮һ˫۾ȻӴڣͬһֱһ
һֱһɣǰλɺݺݵ£ٶȷǳĿ죬ûӴֱ׾С
òĹˮľ֮ĵϣҲÿһι֮УòĹ÷ǳв
λĽɣոӦĪǰһιžòĹһ˲ƣӦ
еǰëһδնڲ֦ɵ˺ȴǳޣȫûдﵽЧֻһ˫򣬲ܹնϲ֦ûʲôá
֦նϣžԴԴϳµ֦Ĺúá
ʱһ֦ʱλĽȻ֮䷢֣ɫ֦УһǳΣյɫâƺɱС
һĻʱԥľѡ˺ˣܵĹҲϧ
ѾϳɫĹâʲôһ¹λŮɣĹ֮µġ
˫ʱ򣬸ṩ˾޴İһ˲䣬ͿٵԭأֱӶݳ˺Զ㿪֦֮еɫâ
ɵͣʱ򣬻ûеһͻȻ֮䣬ɫͱˣһ̣΢΢ĵͷԼؿڴͻȻһ˿ڣ˿֮ϣһʵıǹ̺ƻԪ񣬲ҽԭء
ĪӵӰһͻȻǰֲΪָָһɫĹâֱӾ͵üġ
ָⴥԷüģĪջָǰɣ˲仯һƬɫ㣬ʧΣԭһѵĶ
һѶ֮УĪץסһʵıǹպá


߰ʮ ֪ĳɳ
λɳڵջսƷĪԼ൱Ķֵʱ򣬳䲻Ľˡ
ò˵λɾڵɣƵļɱ֮ıǹǳʵıǹĪӵʱЩԸսƷĪӵĪȻ֮ãõ֮ĵһʹãֱӽˡ
ǹİ£ĪûʹԪ«ͼƾԼʵնɱλԼ൱Ķ֡
ڤڤ֮Уһ·ڴı̾ͷâûлָ̫̫Ŵǣâƺһ˲øӰˡ
ţһ·Դı֮̾
ž͵ս룬λڽֵĴߣԭƵĽ֣˲ͱü
λߣͷ·һ˲ܵ˴̼ԭ赭дʼ÷ǳĿͣһ֮ΧĿռ䣬Ϊģͬһɢơ
ȻһλˣĪĿսһվһλĽɣϲʮѱУǳңȴʤߣղžնɱһλǿߡ
һλɣҲ޹ֺλߣͻȻ֮乥ÿ
ĪĿλĽɵʱ򣬶ԷĿҲûдһĨ֮ɫ
Īӣע⵽ĪǰɢЩԼĪӵʱеһĨ֮ɫѸٵתһĨ֮̾ɫȻĪӷһ
֪ĪܹɵĽնɱҾͲӲһ£Щնɱˣ
ĪԷĴŶԷǷǳҵƣʱ˼
һΪһڸղŵս֮Уȴһλǿߣһԣһôһĸ֣ͱҪĻɫ
ԣλǿߣŲϧð˵ĴۣĽԼĶնɱɫ
ֻû뵽ǣĶûĪô죬ȻȺնɱһλɡ
ѹˣΪˣԣǾȥһưɣٵĽԼǰսƷĪŶԷһ䡣
λԣԶԶĶĪӵ˵ͷ׼뿪սˡ
ڵ״̬ȷʺϼͣսٲǳû˵Ķ֣նɱһλǿߣĹѾ㹻ˡ
ڽҪ˳սʱĪע⵽֮ѾмϢƺЩҪסԷʱͷԼϢǼϢס
ͬһʱ䣬ĪͬϢֹһ
ĪӺϢͬ£λ˵ĽǿߣѸٵ뿪սԭǼϢȴûκһ֡
Īӳյ֮ɨһۣ֪֮УһĽǿߣŰеĽ档
ǵĴڣһս֮п֣ܶΪǣȴܹһս֮УһЩ鷳
ȻЩʱҲûһЩ˵飬˵նɱжһ˵ǿߣĻ
ĪĿɨյͬʱҲעһΧŷ֣ƬսķΧȻѾ֮󣬶սĳ棬֪֮侹ȻѾ˺
սһȥǹײĹӰѵĿռ䣬ǳ
һϵײѾôʱս磬ɫĹâϵ˸Ҳǿյɫ÷ǳķḻȻַḻɫȴ֮Σպɱ¾
ɱ¾Ļؿܣ˿̻֮ײΪҵģΪǽսĵطΧǿ֮Ѿ˲кɱ¾ҲĻؿܵĲк
Īһɨպÿһ߻ؿܱɱ¾νһ˲䣬ͨǳĬϣ߻ؿܽ飬һŻؿܵˣҲͬɱ¾Ķ¶˲䣬ͻһƬѪȻһѪΪɱ¾ϡ
ĪӿúǸؿ֮вݵˣΪȷֻд磬ûгɣҲǿŻؿܣܹǿ֮вս
˿һʣ»ؿܵɱ¾ﵽһƽĳ̶ȣĳƽʵѾһ·ˣϾʼʱһؿܵҪԶԶЩɱ¾
սʼڣ߻ؿܵЩˣɱ¾ĹҲǻӦˣеĴ
Щؿܺɱ¾Աߣ߲ɲľ޴ӰǵսҲܼҡ
ĵӰÿһײǿѾΧĿռ˺飬֮ͷ·֮УתĹ򶼱Щң˴֮ŵģһִ⵽˼µ档
ĿɨһһɾǿطûӰǿ֮ɢŸɫĹâǿɷƻ˵ͨϵʩչǿҫɫʰ쵡
Щɾ˺壬֮Ľ֣ʵⳡսʼڣͬʱҲҵĵط
Īӿһλɣڱһλ彫֮ԪݳԾλȥ
ǸƺҲѾǿ֮ĩԼԱߵһ΢Сǳ֮УȻǳ֮ȼ˻棬ٶȷɿײȥ
նԷǰķҪԵĿֹ꣬λһǰĹ֮УȼŻǳȴλɵԪſ˫۱סӴķǿбǳһǿյ·׹䣬ͷ·һŻǿյһ㡣
һɣǵ䣬֮䲻ᷢ˿ע⵽ǵһֳ̱ǣȴĪӶݡ
ĿɨΧЩɣǵսֲıȽɢ˴֮以棬ս֮ʱӰ죬Ӧս֮УӰġ
ɾڵսĿռ飬ǳ𣬶Ӱ쵽Χڲ֮䣬ʯ΢Сǳǿյı𴦷ɽ
ĪѾܹվڴϵ壬˿Ӧܿǿ֮һĹâͬʱǻա
Щ棬ĪٴθоСͬʱҲеĳɳ
ǵһγսϣɾʱĽ紦ֻܹԦſܣ÷ǳȫķʽȥս
Ǹʱֻ൱սһö΢С䣬սֲκεӰ졣
ΪɾʱսܹһԼĹâͼĳ֣ĪӿʼսΪע
Ϊ˽ɾ磬ȻӰһսĽս֮УȴѾ޷ӵնɱһɣܹʤƽż΢΢бһ㣬Լĳɳ


߰ʮ 鹬
֪֮䣬ԭѾһǿˣĪһɨս˼ջ۳һ仰
ţܿĿս֮еһλǿڽ֣ĽɣѾ·磬ڶԷп֧ţĪӿԼҪҪȥæ
ƺǸоĪӵ뷨ոͣȥõļɵϢУһϢĪӵĸ֪ΧڣͬʱϢѹĪӣ˵ھĪӡ
ɺڣ
ӦϢǿȣĪû˿η壬ЩԾԾԡ
ƾ賣ֶΣɺڵĶ֣ڻ򲻹ֻҪóͼĪѹ
ĪѾ˶ͼ˼һֳǰͻԥķϾսϣԼΪһǿߣҪϵһơ
ƺоĪϢƣ֮УͻȻ֮һӰ
ӰߴԼңĿϸͷ·ǿӳɾһ㡣
ԷòĪͶԷйһ֮ԵֻʱΪǳԷӦòʲôӡ
Ӱ֮ĪӵĶߣ޵һеǿѯǷҪĪӽԷ
ϾǰɣȻЩȴʵʵĽɺڵǿߣǿߣĪӽɳڵΪٻ˸еЩġ
ĵĻؾλеɣĪûκεԥԪ«˲両ͷͼԪ«֮зɳȻ˲չ
ͼֵɲǣΧǿ֮еǳ֮Ϳʼͼ֮лۣͼչ˲䣬һˮͻȻսĵ𣬽ţһƵӣͳǿ֮С
ԭıȽϽڽսˣӳֵһɲǣȫѡѸٵĺˣ΢һЩģֱӱ֮С
ΧֵĶǽɾǿߣڱ֮кû˿ķ֮ͱֱûǷ׷ʩչ˱ֶΣ΢ЩǱĴ֮롣
ĪվӵϷ¾ǺƵ֮ˮǰϸɣ˿Ѿ׵ıˡ
ĪӲǵһʩչͼˣֶΣһ˶ѾעϾ֮УѾһλɣԼʮλɡ
˫ָ߸߾ϸȻ֮֮һģǰǿУͻȻһӳ·𽫿ռ仮룬ǵӴγһ޷ͻƵĶϲ㡣
ţοٵĺˣ˲仯һݹ⣬ȻֱӷӪ֮УƺǲĪӼˡ
ʱ򣬺Ƶ֮ˮѾǿƵѹȥǵ·ռѴĵطˮһʱ֮ȷ·Ǳסˣǽţ֮ǿѹ֮£Ǵ·ռѴӲرˮͬḷ̌ûסˮǰ
Ƶ֮ˮֱӪȥ·ҪƾźƵ֮ƬӪֱӳ塣
ʱλϸѾصӪ֮УһֱӪûôϮˮȴڶ
һģһǱİֱֻ֮Уһģһƿ״ͬʱƿڶ׼ˮ
Щͬǣһƿӵƿڣɢһͷ·Ҫˮ뵽ƿ֮Уһֵıƿȴ㵹ͬҺһֱӽ֮С
ͬҺһ֮У˲䣬ԭӨ͸ˮˮһ׹⣬ţһɫǳ֮Щ׹һ𣬻䲻ϵصţˮ΢СһЩȻЩ˲١
⻹һֵˮıһŵƿǣ˹ȥһֻƿ֮УվҲûиն٣еֻƿҲɲˡ
ʱˮѾӪǰܱһЩȻ߱źƵ֮ˮǿƵسӪ
վ֮ϵĪֻһǹӣٶȼӿͬʱֺƵ֮Ҳ
֮ˮӪΧĽӴǿƵƬݺݵĶҡһ£վûнƬƣ֮ˮΧƬ⣬ʼһʱƬԷıˡ
Ƭ֮еģǸӴ󵽱һŴǿܻҪһЩĹôͻأĳǿ֮С
񣬴˿̾ſڵʵع
ǰĪһ˲ЩΪ֮𺳣Ϊֵͬʱһ׺ϢӴĹɢ顣
ǰͨɫ濴ʵ޻һЩطĥЩֲڡ
ڹǰһжʮĸ޴ӣÿһϣķģͬʱԼɼÿϣճһӰ
ЩճӰ񣬴ΣʣµһС֣һЩ̬
ΪЩӰĴڣÿһӿ·һֲͬĵϣΧ·ҲŲͬع
ĪӵĿ⣬䵽ϵǸ߸ŵҶ֮ϣд֡
鹬
н˳ĪиоһԵ𺳣˴һ͹ƾѾ˵Ĳˡ
Ϊ޴Ĺĳ֣ǿ֮еսôһ˲ֻͣͣǾͻؿܺɱ¾ûܵӰ졣
һ̣޴󹬵֮ǰͬʱһ׹⣬Ȼϵ׹⣬Ȼ֮ӵ޴󹬵ǰǶʮĸ֮еһϡ
׹⸲ǵǸӣķģ·׹֮бһ㣬һһĿʼйճǸӰҲһĵ𣬱øˡ
ʱѾܹĿˣǸϵӰӼһ޶ͬǸߴޱȣֱֻۣÿһֱϣͬķ
еķģ׹֮һ̣Ī˲͸оһΣգû˿ԥξû֮С
һ̣޴󹬵ΧͻȻһ׹⣬Ȼǿ֮ɢսˣ֮ɨһС
ĪӶܵıȽϼʱͬʱ֮ûܵӰ죬ĳ̶ֳϣĪӵס󲿷ֵսϵ壬ûܵӰ졣
鹬᲻Ǹ컯֮֮УĪӸԼιǿȣ²š
һιȻǳǿǿȴǷǳ޶ȵģҲǿ˴ߵĳ̶ȡ
Ȼûн鹬׵Ĵ߷йأҲܹ޴鹬ƺûдﵽ컯֮ĳ̶ȡ
˴ĹϷϢĪӲ²⣬пܣ컯֮


߰ʮ 컯֮
ޱȾ޴鹬ǲ컯֮һлдȶȷǲֻɴݶܹӳ߼սֲֿĹΧսϳֵʱøǲɺӡ
֮еĪӣڳι֮ʵҲ΢ܵһ˿Ӱ죬ڵʵƾͼҪԿһλߣҲܰ쵽
ǳܴ߼ĹĪ˵Ҳһ޴ĸ
ڣĪӽԪ«뵽ͼ֮ںƾ鱦ĪڵȵûʲôӰˡ
ҫ۵׹ܿˣʱԭ÷ǳֵսҲ뵽һԵƽֻʣɱ¾Щؿս
ֻвɱ¾ûǣǱΪսڵģֻҪսʼˣûֶͨԼ£ɱ¾ͻһֱͶսֱնɱ˶֣߱նɱ
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ĪӵͷƵ֮ˮ֮ǿ֮һ޴鹬ȥ
ʱ޴鹬ԱߣĪӸղֻǼ򵥴һλϸĽɺڸ֣Ѿվ˶ʮĸеһϡ
ϸͣվǸӵĶˣΧӴľԼ޴ȣԵúۣڲ֮䣬ܾͻὫԡ
Ȼһڲӣȴûκܹԣһķ֮УǸϵӰҲԽԽܹһλͬϸȴֱֻۣηǳŹֵӰ
еķ𣬸ոճ鹬ٴɢһΣյϢһɫĹâ鹬ɢӴ鹬·Ϊһִգâҫǿա
֮еĪӣְɫĹâ֮£ֻоϸһصѹӵҲɸеأѹ֮£˵˼ά·Ҳһ΢Щ
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ԭǰȥˮڸոӵ鹬Χ̱ͬһЩͻȻֵɵסˡ
Щס֮һѸٵĺˣ˶ʮĸ֮УʣµļӵԱߣֹâķͱעЩ֮С
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ЩɾˣҲ֪ʱսѾ岻ˣ˵ȫĵطҪģһҲǺ˵ķɿ죬ת˲֮뿪ˡ
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鹬ȻǺ޸Ѿ޸˳̶ȣóûǿԵģ³׵ĻˣֻҪܹӦеļֵһжֵõģվλĴߣһ˺ʾĻظָ֮
Է仰޿һɢΣϢ鹬üͷ΢ɲһ£ȻŲ˰벽̱ЩãԵһλߣҲͬĶ
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Դ뿪˴֮鹬ǵһαóƾλߵȻܹһЩʵ
ǰ鹬ûб峹׵޸ӦҲָ˲ٵܣʱãܹչֳȷǲС
޺һλߣвһ˿⡣
ǲǲҴҲǾӮֻҪǴӮⳡսĴۣԼӮܻ֮еʧɴԱһֵֵô
λ߿Ӳƴǿ϶ǲֵõģĽһ干ͬжҪǻúôͬʱܵıƳʱ֮񣬳û鷳Ҫƴȫƴһܾˡ
Ļȫһǵľɺܴˣº󣬿Ҳ޷ջӦе档
λĴߺˣλ߻һۣȻһ΢ԥһ£Աߵ˴
ʱѾ⣬ǻҪ𣿡
ԱһλԣתͷƽֱصˣҲֻʱĺ˶ѣɲô״򷢣ǲĻʱĺˣûа취άֶã
Ļһʧܣ塭λƺЩԵĴ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱߵ˴ˡ
û·ˣʱ򣬳ʱܹ֮ĳֻ֣ܹصĿƣֻܽڽڰˣˣ粫һѣǳɹϳȫǿգʱǿգȫˣ
λ߻һ˵꣬ҲãѸٵʧԭأһ¶һ˿ЦҲʧˡ
ĪӼԦӣѾǿ֮˳һξ룬ʱ򣬴ǰ鹬ϣȴɢʹâĵϻһ𣬳һַǳع򣬹â֮Ĺ֮¡
ĪֻԼӣƺڱһͼŤţһˮһ̷·ܵ˴Ϊ񱩵ǳ֮ӶȾһƬɫ
֮УĪҲֹͼŤԼҪԼԪΪƬ
Ԫ«Ѿͼ֮Уƾ鱦Īܹʹâ֮УȻǿĵֿס
ĪֿܹסʹâЩɾǿߣڵ״̬ȴ̫ãʩչĸֶַΣ鹬ɢʹâҫ£ѾӶıˣһЩΪ͵ĽɣΪܲסʹâ֯巢ŤòѸٵĺȡ
һʱ֮䣬սΪһƵ컯֮һǿߣЩԵֿȫ·硣


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鹬ɢʹâƺûҪϨ˼ʹâӪĹ򣬶һĽǿ˵ȫԵֿġ
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Щǿߺ˵ͬʱĪӷԼʱ˲˲٣ƾͼǿ֮еҲǷǳѵġ
Ĺڽ󲿷ֵƶʩ֮ϣҪĪס˼
ͼԪ«ߵôױƵסģǿ֮УͼһֱԷǣǳ֮ҪסǾ͸ӵĲˡ
ʱ򣬴ݶ鹬ЩҲԭɢʹâķһЩת䡣
ʹâ֮УɫĹâѹâɫʣɫĹâġ
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Īӿ鹬Ϸһɶأղһ˲ع𵴣Ϊ鹬֮ײġ
ǼɶصĹУĪӿӡ
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鹬ǰλĴ֮Уһ˵֮дһ˿Եĳ
ԣеĳͷ̧ͬһũһ㣬΢΢һ£ͬʱ˵
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£֮ڣȷѾǵˣ֮⣬˼νɾǿ󣡡
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ȥʿ֮ϣʲô£
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ʦܣڽĵӻصɽɽķһֲ̫õԤС
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飬ϣطΪֲĸокܶ˶ʼ׼ԷֵֹܳĴѡ
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ǳ֮ΪĪӸ޵ĵĪӶʵ̫ǳͼǹˮֶ֮Σ漰ǳ֮
Դ˿̵ֱ仯Ӱ죬ҲΪӰˣĪ˶Էݡ
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ĪڿǵǣϳҪʲô
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еͷתĪӷߵЩǳʱâԽԽеһ΢Сǳʼز
ЩƯǿ֮еʯҲܵǿ֮еЩǳӰ죬һſʯı棬մȾǳ֮ʱȫ˳ЩʯǳһһƬɫǳ֮֮С
ţĪĿ⿴߲ԶһָֻС΢СʯƬǽɫǳ֮֮УСȵǸƵʵ·ڲĳҪ籡
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Сʯɢ·һźһ㣬žǽӶģʯ΢СƬʼͬ飬ȻӶʧ
ģ񶯵ЩʯԽԽ󣬶һЩʯɢʱ򣬲ϢˣǴڶıȱǳ֮ը飬Ȼը֮ʯƬظ֮ǰĹ̡
Щ仯ĪҲûκһ˿ĽԼղŵĲ²⣬Ѿ϶˴룬ǽҪģ취ֹϳо


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ŹͨعĪӺܿͷ֣ԺɵĹͨع򣬵ع֮Уǳ֮عеתʱȴ޷·䱻һعˡ
Īӣ֮ĴߣԼǳ֮ĽǿߣȫĪӴʱһ޷ͨǳ֮ת
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źǣͷ鹬ʱƺѾûк鹬
ѸٵĽƻĳջأͬʱٴνͷ߸ߵǰ鹬ȥ鹬֮ɢĹâʱȴøҫˣĹÿռҲ׵ıĴңһͷڲҵĹ֮УķȴͻȻתĿ˵ߵλߡ
λߵķӦҲܿ죬ѸסͻĹȻ֮лһԲһɫԲ⣬ǰ鹬ȥ
ɫԲ⻹ûзɳԶͱλеһ˻ɢˡ
λߵĹκβ鹬е塣
ʱǿ֮ڣһſǳǣʼ΢΢ҡˣǳ֮ɢĹâǽƬǿգҫһƬɫĺ
ڻûбĴǣâҲԽԽͷ̫̫ŴǣɢĹâȸǾˣѾΪһƬɫǿ֮УŴǵĹâɸǹһС
һƬҫ۵Ĺâ֮УһռѷͻȻ֣֮Ȼӿռѷ֮Уɳһķͭһѹһеƣǿ֮С
ͭɫĹâ·һȦˮһ㣬ͭɢ󣬹âѸٵǿӣ֮ԭھҶһſǳʯɲ֮䰲
ֻڹâ֮ԭѾǳʯƺЩͭɫĹâٴɨʱֱִǿѹ
鹬ϷĪӿâһһ֮Ȼ֣̺һֲֿâ١
컯
âֵ˲䣬鹬Χǿգһй·һ̵Ȼ޴ˣʱҲƾֹˣһжâ֮£Щ΢ǴߣâҲòѡ̺ˣⱻ˵
һһâֱ鹬鹬ɢĹâ޷赲һһâ˲ͱâ̴Ȼâֱ䵽鹬ıϡ
ǿֲ֮£ʮλɵԵô΢һͬ߶鹬ܣҲ޷䵲סؼʱ̣λ֣߳ſסâ
ǿ֮нɫǳ֮ķͭѹ֮£âƺΪһЩһλߣڵֿסâĹ֮󣬽ɫȴǴ䣬Ϊ鹬ϿգͻȻӰ
ӰֱһѺɫսһɫķ·׵Ȫۡ
Ӱ֮ǿ֮УԭЩڲǳ·һ˲ƽΨһڲģ·鹬
һʱ䣬ӰٴλâֱӴ鹬Ϸ䣬ݺݵ鹬ı档
һʱ֮䣬Ǿ޴ޱȵ鹬ǿ֮оҵĲһ£ϷԱȱڣ컯֮Ĺȴûн鹬ֱһ١
ĪӿñȽףڸղٴνʱλߣͶʮλɣһͬȫشݶ鹬ܣ鹬һչ¶ܣһ컯֮ķ緶ܹ֮£û̫ˡ
һ鹬˵ĳ̶ȲأЩĽɣ״̬ȴ̫ãλ
λߺЩ״̬̫õĽǿߣʱɻȫĸ鹬йŷ΢һЩ˵鹬ǵĴ߶£ʱɢΣյϢղ˵Ǹʤһ
ɫĹâ鹬Χ֣ͷ·ǻһ㣬鹬סˣ鹬ڻ֮ȼһ㡣
״̬һɿֲϢ鹬нɢȻһش鹬֮ƮǺɫĹâӿǷ֮С
ǼĪӼϳǳͼ
ںɫĹâӿ֮ǳͼѸٵǿ֮󣬲󣬱ԽԽãֻܿһƬǿչȫѾǳͼˡ
ԭ𽥰ǿգһ̣·˱仯
һſɢҫǹǳâ˲ʧͷ̫̫Ŵǣһ˲䶼Ȼ޹⡣
֮䣬һ̶һƬڰ޹⣬Ⱥʧɫһſǳʯ·ǱͨʯͷһƯǿ֮У֮ҲͬһƬ
һ̣һ쳹أС
Ⱥǰضǳ׹䣡


߰ʮ ǳ׹䣨ϣ
ǳ׹䣡
һʱ֮飬·һֹͣһġ
ԭֻһ飬ܹоĴͷ֮УظÿһС
ֻҪǵ飬ʱ򣬶ܹ֪ᷢʲôҲ鷢֮󣬽ֻ
һƬڰ֮Уһſżžǳ֮󣬽ַ˱仯
Īӿһʯǳ֮ʱٴα˳ֻǱǳ֮ʯȴͻȻ֮䣬ʼ·䡣
һλñȽϽˣҪֹʯĵ䣬ֻӳһ׹⣬ʯ飬ɱ֮ʯƬ·䡣
λֵˣһλɾڵˣĪӵȱΪߵĽɣȴûκһ˳֡
ǴҲֹΪߵǣ֪Ҳӵ֪һ̷飬ô򵥿ֹġ
ǿ֮Уڷ·һעǿ֮еÿһǳ֮ϣЩƯǿ֮еǳܵӰ죬޷ǿ֮мƯˣȫһҪ³ơ
һʯ׹䣬ֻͬһʼѣ޲
ܹסһʯ׹䣬ܹסƬǿ֮Уǳ׹䣿
һƬڰǿ֮УһɫĹâǶһſŵʯÿһâ𣬽žâ׹䣬ת˲֮ĹƬǿ֮У֮Ĺ㣬·䡣
飬һ̲ǾŻ֣̿׼ҧ֣ȫ̧ͷգڵһǵ㡣
ʱЩ㿴ǳ΢ֻ֮һƬڰĻ֮УԼزôһĹâ̶һʱ䣬âͽرΪʯ΢Сǳ˴ǳ֮Ĺâ·䡣
ֹĪӿ߲ԶӶ·ʯһ̾Ȼһ޲֮С
Щʯ΢СǳٶһЩܹʲô취ܹ߾ܵļӰ죬ɰһǳʯâ֮׹ٶȣĪʵûнİ취Ҳû취ʱ䡣
ȥ̶̼ʮʱ䣬ĪӸоԼܹһſǣǴǵ׹ˡ
ĪӲ֪ԼôʱͻȻ֮оԼһֻ͵һ£Ӿ͸еһֿռ֮С
һ˲䣬ĪϾ͸һɫĹâֻת˲ţΪ֣Լ飬ԼѾ֮ͥˡ
ûκһϻĪóͼ佻Уӹͼֱ֮ӽͼչͬʱĪ˵
ǳ֮һ裬ȥǵǸϻ֮ǰõͼôԼף
黰û˵꣬ĪӾ͸оԼһռ任֮У󼸸ֵʱѾӰˣͬʱˣҲ˲ˌǡ
Ǹǣ
ĪӴ˿˫΢΢黰˼ҲԼӦʲô
£Īв˿ĵ飬һˌϵǸǰȻ粽˽ȥ
ǸУһλɾˣǰڵķԴԴϵע룬ͬʱ΢΢ر˫ۣüͷ·ڸӦʲô
ĪûԷĶǰڵķͬעǣǿķ̽λɾѡ
ǰ
˫ۣǰɾĪӵʱ򣬸ո˵̱ĪӴˡ
ȥǣе˶ǸߣϯӦǰĪڴˣҪ
Ī˵ܿ죬ܹ֮оĪӴ˿зǳĽ
λ΢΢һ£Ȼƺˣٵ˳ȥĪӵķԸ˿ĵ顣
ǰĪӽԼԪͷֻͨǣʼԼԪͷٵǿ֮дϵǳϵǸ
֮УĪҲͨǣԼںܹһ˿ıһعֻʼջڱǹ롣
ĪԪͷǿ֮пٵΣͨǸʱҲǿ֮е龰
һſ˶ʯڽӶ·䣬ʯµĹ֮УٶȱԽԽ죬֪Щʯ׹䵽ϣĽġ
Щ棬ĪбĽͬʱҲǿԼҪ侲ٴµʱһҪ侲ֻὫԽԽľ֮ڡ
ĪΪɾǿߣɹ˻ؿмнҲжӰ졣
ңĪӾãµЩʯ΢Сǳδؾܹ䵽ϣҪǿպʹ֮䣬һ㡣
ƾ㱾ѾһЩСһЩʯ΢Сǳ֮ھͱֽ⣬ԴһЩģҲи֮еʱҲᴦġ
ΨһҪĵǣһʱ򣬹ƻֱӽһЩʯǳͨռֶΣ͵ϣͲôֹˡ
ȻԪɾϵǿڼ¶棬ţлʳУı߹ǰߣԪĴڣҲӲ
һʱӦûҪ̫Ĵϵ顣
Ԫͷǵ֮£Ѹٵǿ֮дĪӺܿ͹ͨһЩǳϵǸ
ƾŽɾԪͷĪӽԼ飬̴ݸЩǸеˡ
ʱЩǳǸеˣʵŬţʱʲôǶǸʱִߣϤǵã֪ʱӦܹһЩãƫƫһΪ̫ǳ֪һ㣬Ҳƾʲô
ڣͻȻһλɾǿִ֣߳һǸԪͷͨǣһЩ飬ҵȻǳϡ
һͨǸ˵İæĪоԼѾͱıع򣬱˴֮ϵֿһЩָѾԼƿˡ
ǽ˻Ӵⱻıع򣬵ҪŤתĪȴûʵ
ʱϯӦ󲽴Ǹ˽ĪӣҲ˲úĪӺѣֱӿʵ
еڸҪô
ĪӿϯӦٵóԼõͼϯӦ
ܹͨŤתع򣬵ҵֹֻ֮ˣͼϤһ£ϾҪã
ϯӦеͼϸĴһ£Ȼ󿪿˵֮ǰ֮ͥǸĻҾͲҪϤˣֱӾܹã
ǺãͼеҪλĪԣû˿˵


߰ʮ ǳ׹䣨£
ʱ򣬱ͲǿʱϯӦҲܹĪӵ˼Ī˵仰֮һתͷȥ
ʱ֮Ǹ⣬Īӵͼ֮ǰ֮ϯӦչˣͼչ֮󸲸ǵķΧ㣬ǸƬĵطͼˣӽǸС
Īͼ֮ǰ֮ȻûͼôǿΧҲܹǧ֮ѣɌϵˣҲûô֮࣬õͼѾ㹻ʹˡ
ͼչ֮ĪӾͱоԼһƬ֮УΪеһҲΪҪһ
ܹоԼ߲Զ֮еһڵ㣬ÿһ󷨽ڵ֮һλˣڽڵԴԴϵķͨ󷨵Լϻۡ
Ļۣͨ󷨵ЧãǳںһУܹĪ׾ٵĵ
ǧ˵лһλɾڣѾӽ˴ߵǿߣͬĽӳĪӵϣʱĪӵϢʼǣһ˲䣬ֵ
ĪӸоһ̵Լһ˲ӵǿԼɾڵΪڱ޵ϰθߣϢ̶һʱ䣬ͻ˽ɾ磬ﵽ˴ߵĳ̶ȡ
ӵĪӣٴδ߶ʱԸоһֱ仯ĸоǿ֮УеǵĴڣܹһ̶ϿЩǣΪЩǣǴһɱвֳġ
ĪʱﵽߵĴݶ£Щֳǣͬһʱ̱߶Լ֮䣬ӳһɱܡ
ĪӸоԼԪͷʼٵǿ֮зɢһſǳѸٵسԪͷ֮ڣǿգת
߱ܣ״̬֮£ĪԪͷܹǿ֮еÿһǳȻҲܹѾŤתع
ھͱŤתع֮УĪӸоһӴʶҪֱ棬֪ʶϳġ
ǱŤתع֮УǵʶͬҲĪӣԥģ֮չһμֱӵײ
ʶײһ˲ĪӸоʱֻǹȥ˶̶̵һ˲ַ·ȥ˺ܾãһμ򵥵ײͬҲ·˲ǧεĽ档
ĪӺ񿴵ϳӰվһƬ貵Ⱥ֮УǿնΧתǳ⣬µת켣
һ̵ϳĪӵĸоλʱ֮񼸺£ϵϢǿࡣ
һײ֮ʶֺܿľһĪʱͻȻ·˺üӽǣܹʶ֮пϳܹǿ֮е龰
һſǣ˿Ҳǹ⣬ӶĴǿ֮пʼ䡣
һſǵĴСǿ֮׹䣬㣬Ҳ޷ֵģЩһܹͨ䵽ϣȥ޾ѡ
ЩǵͬʱĪӸоƺҲЩȣΪǸ󣬶ǽϵģЩǵ׹䣬ȻܴܵӰ졣
ǿ֮УеǣһƺЩȣÿһɢĹǿжǷǳҫ۵ģͬʱҲõϵˣо־ġ
ͨǿ֮еӽǣĪӷ֣ǿʼ׹һ̣ЩŽɸǣϵĽɸ֣ǲԼͬѡͬһ飬ǾǷɵǵ·Ӳǣֹǵ׹䡣
ûнǿһЩǵΧҲһЩɾˣƴǵǵĽ䡣
ͬҲˣһӴ޺壬ǿֳ֮˱壬ӴӲĿǳ׹䣬ʱӴ壬ҪռƵĶࡣ
Īƾ󷨵֧֣ǿֺϳʶǿ֮Ȼײһ£ǱŤعҲ˳һ˲ͣ٣ɽǳϵ׹䡣
һ˲ͣͣѾĪӸеˣԼܹ𵽵ãƾԼ֮ͼԼʱӵ˴ߵҪ⣬ûа취쵽ġ
ԼܹģǾܵʱ䣬Ĵߣȡʱġ
ϳʶƺҲĪӵãһδʶײ֮УͬҲںĪӽŽ
ɣңȻ֪ʲôֶΣʱĴѾ֮еع򣬵ʵΪϾ̫ԶֻʶײҲû취֧Ŷã
ϳĻͨʶײݵĪӵʶ֮УĪȴȫᣬֻǼһδʶײ
ʵʵϳԶƾ󷨣ʱôߵΪͬҲúԶϾΪṩˣϯӦ֮⣬ΪҲôߡ
Īֻҧһδʶײ˿⣬޷ظϳĴ
ϳû˶ͣ£һδεײϵشĪӵʶ֮С
ҵĳɵ֮ûֹܹң֮ǰ˿ɵ
ƴȫҵӰ죬ֻ΢ģֻĹ򣬸ûа취ֹң

һĪȫûлظֻƴȫһδײţѾоԼЩˣһδεŬõջȷ΢΢һſڵǣ˱˿ŵ֮⣬¡
Īоǿ֮еһſŴǣƺҲЩˣҪȥĸо
һʶһײ֮ǿ֮ʣµǳôһ˲ϢĶͣ٣žһŴ
ʱһŴǣɫɫģγɵĹâɢһˮһ峺⾳·ܹϴһС
Ŵǣ˵һſʼ׹ĴǣŴǵĹâƬǿ֮Уʱʰ
ɫǳ֮ǿ֮Уڴеǳ֮ÿһֹâǳ֮ҲŶԼص⾳
Щǵ䵽˴ϣôֻҪŴǣܹ·Ĵس׵ĻʮŴǣҲѲˡ
ͨһʶײ֮ĪӸоԼѾЩ֧ŲסˣΪǺʹǿʼ䣬ڵČǣҲʼǿ֮е䣬Ӱܴ
ӦĪӵϳٴδĪӵʶ֮УһĪζ˵
վ޷ֹңеĴҲУ컯涼֣õĳɵ֮
ĻĪӷ·ܹȺǰΧ֮еϳȺǵĴӵ֮£ۿԼüĴɫƣڻתš
Īӿ棬ͬʱҲӽ֮УǿյĸߴһֻڱСǿյľ޴ƣǿ֮ѹղžͳֹһһâҲһγ֣ݺݵѹ¡
Ƭǿ֮Уͷ̫̫Ŵ֮⣬еǳڶڵ䣬һֻƺһһâ֮ʱڹΧߴģֻǾ޴鹬ˡ


߰ʮһ 컯
ԭͷǳ޴鹬ʱƮǿ֮У·Ⱥ֮ϣȺǵһ񹬡
Ϸ컯Ĺ֮ʱ鹬ı棬âʼֻ鹬棬һ㱡ǳɫĹâǳ΢ȴޱȵ
һǳǳĺɫâ֮鹬ɢϢȻһ˲䣬һҪµ컯Ĺ࿹˼ԭͷǳӴһԵøӴˣ·ǿ֮еΨһ
Īӵע֮У鹬ײһһâһ̷·ûǿգصĹҲһյǿ֮׹ȺǣҲȻ֮һ̵ͣ١
âͬʱĪӺԼһǿ֮дǷ·ǿռ飬ַ·ʲô
ǵâûĪӾͿڹâ룬Ŀռ֮ڣӴޱȵ鹬Ѿˡ
һƵ컯֮վûеֿס컯Ĺͬʱ䣬ӭ֮УƵ컯֮鹬ƺǱˡ
âһӰӲƵ鹬֮˳һۣüĴһɫƣڻתš
˿ϳɢϢͺĪʶײ֮УĶԷӰһǿ˺ܶࡣ
Ǽɫĳۣױһſǳͬһ㣬ΧߣϳӰ
ϳһһǿ֮ǰУѾΪǳ׹䣬Եÿյǿգ߹ĵطٴγһƬ˸ŵǹ⡣
һ̵ϳͷ·ѲԼصĵƬǿ֮оԵףΪҫĴڡ
ϳԼҲоûһ̣Ƭǿյ֮һеǰϰѾɨøɸɾˣһֱɼĴƺǰҲǰһˡ
ӦϿƺ۵Ĺϳû˿ԥѡ˿һΪһѡԭҲܹһеĻᡣ
ֻҪɾ컯Щľٶ׾ٵֲٵҲɵĽ廹Ҫãռǿա
лһָӵϳüĴɫƣתٶȻ֮Ϳʼӿ죬֮ϣ˲˴ƬǵĹâͷ·ǹһ㣬ǿ֮ɢ
ͬʱϳϵϢʼıǣϢ֮ǿѾԽ顢ʱ֮ȶĴߣ컯ľ緢˳档
ԭΪǳ׹䣬ÿյǿ֮УΪǵĹâɢƺֱµǳˣЩֻһЩ΢Ĺâ
ĪӸоһ̣ŤعУϳʶҲȻ俪ʼͬ׳ûй˼ȴһ̣ɢޱǿƣʶŤع֮˳ȥ
ʶһ̣Īӻ֮·𿴼ϳӰѾһϣ·ǳԼܿܿ˸߲ʵϡ
ǿյĸߴ컯Ĺٴν䣬һεĿֱȡϳԴžɱ֮⡣
ϳһзľٶյĿģһжѾˣҪ컯ĴߣȻܹɹ
컯棬ôһУܾͻİ룬ɾ컯֮һ׾ٵֲҲ泹׵Ťת
Ǹʱ壬ͳһЦ̸ʱҲֻǸһλ컯ĴּһĨɫʡ
컯Ĺ䣬ȫ䵽ϳϣϳվһĵȴŹĽ١
ϳϣɢǵĹâһɢٶȸˣٽ֮ʱȴģЩɢǵĹâ
ЩǵĹâʱһᱡ͵ıɴһ㣬ϳӦĵһ̬Ȼ޷ֵһ̶ϣȷ
ţϳüĴһɫƣһ˳·һתŵһ㣬ϳͷ
ٵĹڽӴתɫƵһ̣һεıһķȻ൱Ĵ
գ䵽ϳϵĹȫĳܷΧ֮ڡ
û뵽ϳȻֶΣ
ĪӿһĻвɵЩ̾ȻϳܹĵƣüĵһɫƣȻ컯Ĺܹȵ
ƾֶΣϳ컯ĹӦԵķʽλʱ֮񣬻Ҫһ֡
䵽ѾڳܷΧڵĹϳȫûжܣôӲĳˣȻҲûжʲôӰ죬ϵϢٶȸӿˡ
ĪӸоһ̵ϳϢ嫵Ǻһ㣬޵죬Ѿ컯ԽԽˡ
ǿϢҲѾݵǿ֮еÿһǿճ컯磬ƺѾߡ
ĪӵӽУǿڣҲֻʣ̫̫ŴǣȻ޹Ĺԭλãһǳµ䣬ڵČҲͬˡ
ǿյ·˿Ѿ÷ǳˣԭ˶Ե磬ʼЩ֮еʯ΢Сǳ͵֮Уϵıĩеķɳһڱиš
֮еĸǿ߹ͬŬĽҶЩǳʯ䵽ϣȻҪŬؽ֮С
ܹסģֻһЩ΢СǳʯڴǺǣҲ޷صסԼġ
ϳϵϢڻڱøӵǿϢѾֹǿ֮дݣǿʼϵظǾڤǴϺһЩСڣӦϳڲǵϢ
˵ʱ򣬸ĴһεĹӦõˣɲ֪ΪʲôǿϷѾ۵Ĺȴٳٶûн䣬ֻǿϢͣ
ϢԽԽǿϳĪӴ˿ãϳĪҪɹ˰ɣԸĴʱ̣΢ĲһЩɣ
Īͬ뷨ˣһǿߡ
ϣϳܹɹĳΪ컯ģΪ鷢չڣûлͷ֮·ֻмǰ
ֻҪϳɹĳɾ컯һУͶûа׷ѣ³ɾ컯ĲԼԺȥܻһλġ
ǿ֮УһЩߵУѾԼֳһĨڴ֮ɫڣҪһλ컯浮ˣһ컯档
ڴĿ֮УϳϵϢ컯ٽ㣬ҷǳǿƵĿٽ㣬ǿ֮еĵǹ⣬һȫƺָǿ֮Ⱥ˸ģ
Ȼʾʱˣ


߰ʮ л
ϳϵϢտԽ컯ٽʱǿиոոֳϲ֮ɫһ̣ϲãǵ˫֮С
Ϊһ̣ϢѾ컯ϳϵϢûмǣͻȻ֮ȻֹȻתֱ¡
һ˲øһһǹ⣬Ҳһ±ðȥϨ˲١
Ȼ֮䣬ϳϢѾ˥䵽ԭΪ֮£һڼ˥䣬ԼһҪߵơ
ʱĪӸоֱŤתعеʶҲͬ˥౶Ѿܹʶ½ӴֱŤתعˡ
ĪûôԥʶȥӴһΣĪڽӴֱŤתع֮ĸоԼѾԼܹѹϳʶˡ
£ĪԽعŤתڼ·׹ǳһ̣ͻأͣǿ֮С
ĪӸоԼص˸ոնɹؿʱʶ׵ع֮УΪеһԼܹٿعʹ䷢ı䡣
Īӵʶ뵽ع֮УеطĻ档
Уٵţеһʯ΢СǳϵĽ顣
Īӵһ֪ԭڣȻôˣλǿפ
֮⣬ͬӰ֮ѸٵĴƴԼȫֹʯǳ׹䡣
ǵŬǳЧˣڴϣһſŵʯ΢Сǳϵ׹䡣
Īӿ˿̴֮ϣĸɫ󷨺ֶεĹâһſǻ䣬һģĸֶݹ⡣
ӴǣͬС΢СǳֱأԼ󺣵ϿգܵĻ棬·׹䡣
⼸ǣͨȻ䵽ϵģǱֶͨΣֱԽ㣬͵ġ
׹䣬ֲֿƣǴһܹ赲ģͨˣҲûǸܹ赲
ݣɿżѾȫֵյǳӦѹµƣϵıǳأʱûǸΧЩֵ̿˴
λͬţλѣ٣ҵֻ΢֮ڴʱҲĸȣҵȾû·Բʧڣĸֳ֣ҵȾ͸ܻңǰСƣ
ͷڵӣп֮־ҴԺҵȽһ׳ţͳʱˣ
ɵΧ˵ĶУʱѳʵÿ˵ǰеˣƴȫĵֿ֮⣬һάڣûеڶ·ѡ
Ͽǽɫķ֮Ǿ޴ǰѸٵıöҰɫͱøˡ
֮ϣӦѵĵطȻڤ֮УʵҲûаӰ졣
вٵǳʯڴڤϿյ䣬ЩǳʯֶͬͨΣֱӱӵڤϿյġ
ڤ֮е٣еǿߣӦӦЩµǳʯʹϲͬڤе飬һֲΪЩµǳʯѣҲһֻԵ
֮ĸݵĻ棬ĪӼʶѾع֮Уܹһ̸ıҲǳ٣ֻܹͨŤתع򣬸ıǿڵ
һſֹͣǳĪӿʼָع֮󣬻ľͿʼϸͷ̫̫ŴǣҲų˹â
Īԭһֱ֪ǿ֮ежٿŴǺǣʱȴ֡
̫̫Ŵǣһһһʮ߿ŴǣһǧİٿǣһŴǣѾ׹䵽ˣӦǿ֮еһſǳĪֻϣ׹ϵǸǣϵǿܹӦ
Ͼǿ֮еЩǳʱܹ΢Ŀһ£ѾǿյЩǳȴЩԿơ
һſǳϵϸûãͻصԭڵĸ߶ȡ
Ϣ˥˺ܶϳʱ˶תԼͷ­Ŀɨǿ֮УЩǳȻǽĹһȣ¶һĨЦݡ
һĨЦݣϳڳԼΪΪͻƵͷջʧˡ
ҲˣΪʲôһ֮ǿߣڶιûн٣ڸ߿֮ΪЩǿߣͬҲԤʧܣԹʧܡ
ǣ
һѹŵЦϳĿзԽԽЦǿ֮д
ϳͷĳʼ޷˵ʴһ˿
ͻ컯ʧˣʧܣԤʾźܶ飬ԼҲ֮һеԭ򣬺ðյĶĲ֮кܴĹϵ
ǿգеǳ׹䣬˾޴ĴۣԼһУȴʧܵĽ֡
컯ϳЦȻֹ΢Щį³֡
һλߣվǿ֮еһǱߵϳͬҲңдһЩ֮ɫ
Ǵһʼ֧ϳģΪϳļƻопԣ֮УȻеĴ߶׷Ϊ컯棬ϣˣҹʱ֮񣬻歡
Խǳ֮ĳɵѶȣϳͬҲ֮һ
һеϣˣϳʧˣͬҲʧˣԽ֮ĸ־ͳ׵ıˣΪ嶦
վԴһλߣ˿ɫҲܲÿϳ΢΢̾һȻЦҡҡͷ
һʼͲ̫ͬ飬֪һĿԣǴҲʵ̫ˣЩ̫ðˣڣЩĶʵѾ˵ˡ
ɱҰϳٴ̧ͷǿոߴڶк
ĹѾͣ˺һˣϳں޲ù̽䣬ֱЩҿЩ˴˿̵
յĽкûĹ䣬ֻһ
һ飬˷㣬ǿոĵ֮Ϊһ֮˽ȴأЩٵǿգ˿̵һˣôףǲˣԼְɣ
ǿ֮صǿ֮˵ĶУҲϳɫøӵѿ
Ŀٴǿ֮ɨһȦϳر˫ۣȻͷһתŵɫƣʼѸٵı󣬽С
һǿϢһδϳɢͬʱɫƣҲʼѸٵ󣬲תٶȲϵļӿ졣
ϳأΪ飬Ըл
תߵ֮Уϳˣ֪ϳҪʲô׼лˣ


߰ʮ 
תŵɫ֮Уϳһ̣ǿ֮еˣ֪λĴߣ֮֮еĶǿߣѾĴ־
ͬУȻǲͬ顣
ЩˣһﵱȻǲϣϳлģıѾʧˣ֣֮ʱŸҪһλߵս
ϳ׼лһ֮˵΢Щܲ˵ġ
һĴߣǽɾǿߣڴʱĵһӦҪȫֹϳ
ԭǿ֮еλ߷Ӧ죬һҪϳѾ˵鹬֮УҲѸٵ˼Ӱͬϳ
ĪӿһӰһʶָűŤعһ̲סо̾ĵ̡
ÿһӰһλĴߣЩӰһа˵֮࣬ʹŰλߡ
׼лϳͲ֪ٵʱ֮񣬻ֻ֮е正ܹʮһλߡ
ʮһλߣδȫĴߣ˵ʱûѡֵˡ
͹һ壬֮Ĵߣô壬壬ԵŶٴߣ¾Բ֡
ô֮䣬ʮλĴߣҪĪԤеĶһ㡣
Ͼߵɾ˲٣ܹﵽɾģҲҶѣӽɴﵽ߾ˣӦֻٶѡ
һ룬ÿһǿߣһŵĴ棬ǼΪʵĴڣʵгߵʸһĻҲͲΪˡ
ЩĴһ֮󣬻ûеǵϳߣֹлľٶһΣȻ֮䱻ǿ֮С
Ϸ컯ĹѾѾãڽĿ꣬ЩĴߵϣȻ޷ǰ
ǿɲϳʱ֮Ĵߣ컯Ĺûʲô֮
һĴߣڶǿ֮вҶˣΪܹĸо߿յ컯ĹǴǿв
ƣѾ·ǿյѹȫѹǵϣֻҪҼǰǿĹͻԥ¡
ɫ֮еϳϢɫƵתʼϰ룬ЩߣиеҪֹͬʱһΪĸо
ɫת䱾ɫԽԽϽɫԵޱȵ䣬תĹ֮УҲΧɢǵϽɫĹâ̺ϢҲ̺ĵϡ
ϢĵϣȻϳĶˣڱһİҲζھһĿ
ǿһƬ˶ϽɫĹâɢȻĬȻ
֮Ѿ꣬ûһλˣ񣬼һλߣǴ֮еĶǿ䣬˶ϵķʽעĻ棬һᱻǣب
ЩϽɫĹâĵϣڱ֮󣬺ܿľɢǿ֮У뵽ǿ֮ڡ
ĪӸоǱŤǲع֮У·ЩϽɫĹâ͵ϣ֮һЩ仯ǿѾԭ߶ȵǳҲƺõһЩôɢǳ֮΢΢һЩ
ϳԼǿգһ΢Ĳɡ
ɫƵתٶԽԽ죬ɢĹ㣬ЩˣϺ͹㣬ɫ֮ڣת룬γһǳĹš
ĺȻ֮䣬һ˵̾Ϣ֮𣬾ЩӦѵ飬һҲͷһֱ˵
ͽɾǿʱһһڴıǶһλǿıֻ̾ڽǿʱһ̾ҪǿһЩͬʱҲ˸еˡ
һ̾ͬʱǿ֮УոչâȺǣ˿̹âͻȻ֮ˣ̫̫ŴǣҲȻ޹⡣
ţǿ֮гһ󣬸ղѾ׹Щǳʯͷ·ʱ⵹һ㣬³ǿУֻϸ۲ĻͻֻᷢһõӰ񣬲ͬʱ⵹һ㣬Щ׹߻ʯǳ³ǿС
֣ܿͷµı仯ǳʯӰͬӰһ㣬ӶĿʼʧԤʾһλߵ䡣
ϳˣĪӿĻ棬΢һ˿ĸӣָоȽƽ
֮䣬ǵжԹϵһǿ䣬Īӵ˵ֻкôѣоƽ
Ϊһλߣһλڴ֮·ϵǰߵ£ǵˣҲоһ˿ӡ
ɾǿ䣬޹󣬶ʱ΢Щͬˡ
ͬһı֮̾ȴֻ޹⣬һЩ棬ֻ棬Ϊᡣ
ÿһλߣʱ򣬲Ĺ󶼲ͬĴ֮йأݸ֮вͬ
ϳߵĵ·ǳ֮󣬾ǿյӰǳĻҲԤʾһλǳ֮Ĵߵ䡣
ĹУɫƲûͣ£ڿٵתţٶȼûܵ˿Ӱ죬ʱϳѾˣƵתζſܻһЩı仯
Īӿ룬ȱԽԽһţһԼеϤı仯ֻǲûȫȷ
ɫĹűԽԽ֮ҲʼһɢԽԽתٶıСˡ
ɫĹţܿâͿʼҲʼͣڹŵı棬һĶ
ĪϸĿ̣ͬʱӦع֮ϸ΢һЩ仯һ²⡣
ڹŵı渲һ֮ɫƵתͱˣ͵ٶȣȴֿ˺ܶࡣ
ʱ򣬲Īӣ˶ѾɫƵı仯ֱ仯յݱҲͬ˴µĲ²⡣
ⲻ͵ɫƣ벻Ͼۼʣ仯Ҫγһǳ
ղɫ֮еһŹһöǺһ㣬ֻǲͬһ΢СǳеǺˡ
˵Ŀע֮Уһɫƣϵͣյȷϵһ㣬һӴǳ
ǳĴСȫﵽ˴ǵĳ̶ȣͨĴǣҪ΢һЩ
ǳɫͨɫһȦԭתŵɫƣʱٶѾ÷ǳƽҲһԲΧɫǳһɢ˵ϽɫĹâ


߰ʮ ǳ
ǣ
ҫϽɫâΧһȦתŵԲǳĪϸоһϣͬһ⾳
ţϳ֮ɵǳһĴǡ
ǳһ̣ǿ֮Ŀ⣬ǿߵĿ⣬ĸ֣ǵĿ֮УԵЩʧˡ
һλǿ֮飬һλߣ³ǻΪǿ֮һµĴǣͬҲǿյֲ
ĪѾܹоڱŤתع֮УϳɵŴǣȡԭѾصǿŴǣӡع֮С
ⱻŤתع򣬴ʱҲ׵ĻָˣֻĪӵʶ뿪ⲿعһкָܹܿ
һ̵ĪӣʶܹƬ֮κεĵطͬʱҲܹʱǳĪһ󵨵뷨
ʱ˿̣Լ״̬ϳ״̬ǿնԼ֮УȻʣµǳ࣬ұǿգҲһʯˣʱ򣬲ÿԼһǳתһǳĹ
һ룬Īĵһ˿ȣĴпΪԼȫܹɣҵȵԼ֮ӦҲʲô鷳
ǳתĹһֱǴ˷ǷȱһΪǳռݣܰԼռݵĶɱʩΪҪǣҶһλ֡
Ī飬򲻻̫Ӱ죬Ͼ޵Ĳǳ֮ͨǳõһЩôҲֱͳһλߣ컯档
ת˴Ī̾Ϳʼжⲿع򣬵һſŴǺǿ֮еλá
һһЩ˷ĪӵĶʱȴֹܹĪӣĴߣҲתͷĪӳ֡
Ҹǿ˼ǳԼҲµˣĪҪǳתһҲûж֡
ǳתĹȱһҶ֪ǲñռˣҪǲܱϳöԷ̤컯磬ڣֻһ飬ߵĻǳ֮ʱ䣬ǿܹܡ
Īӵĵ£ǿйһٶŴǣ̫̫ŴǣԼղϳŴ֮⣬ĶĪӵʼǿ֮пٵƶ
ĪܹоÿһŴǣеǳ֮⾳ÿһɢŶǳ֮ĴǣĪӽҪҪĶ
ǳתͬҲعһ֣ÿһŶǳ֮Ĵǣع֮Уһĵλ߱һЩ塣
ĪӷֱһſŵĴ⾳ձ˴ԭ򣬽⾳ȽϿĴǣܵһһٶŴǣγһԲΣǿ֮̿
ţһſŵǣһһǧǣĪҲһĹЩǵΧΧſ
ֻ̲ǵİ򵥵ķűһ¶ѣĪ֮ǳҪͨԼڵԼԼ֮ϵ裬˽еġ
Щǳλк֮Ҳǿ֮һɲģ˲ֱȽĴ֮⣬һЩǣܻʱţǿ֮аһĹλ÷ı䣬ıλþ߱ĹɣһļΪ֣ǿ֮еĲͬط
ǿ֮УλΨһûб䶯Ĵǣͷ̫̫Ŵ֮⣬ֻϳղ֮ǿɫĴˡ
Ŵǣλüǿյ룬ǡɢǳ֮⾳һϣͬһ⾳Եλ÷ǳǡˡ
һǳתĹĪӾͽԼʶع֮˳
ʶһ̣Ƭǿ֮еǳͰղĹ򣬿ʼת
ûʲôԵȴһεǿ֮ÿһǳɢ˲ɢǿա
һſŵǳĪӸղĹ򣬻ǿ֮пʼת
ͬһʱ䣬һֱڸ߿컯ĹʱͬһʱǿЩ¡
컯Ĺ£ʱǳͻȻЩߣҲû뵽ʱͻȻ
һεĹµһ̣ƺȫûӰ쵽ǿ֮תǳҲûʲôرơ
һ֮֮УȻ֮̾
ζţλߣ컯Ĺ֮ˡ
ϣĪʶع֮˳ڽžͳԼе̾һʱ֮䣬Щš
ĪΪԼǳתĹʼһоѾʱֹͣˣĴܻٵˣӦû΢ºһЩû뵽ƺһвԼ
֮£λߣⲻڿЦΪһ֮̾󣬹Ѿˡ
ǿ֮г棬һһ谵ɽ壬ڷɳ֮УķɳʴȻڷɳ֮е
һһƬأ췭ظʬҰͬĩһľ
λ䣬ʣµЩˣ·һܵ˴̼
ԭֵвķǳðյľٶûдﵽԤڵĿģʧȥһλĴߣλĴ̼£ʣЩˣһ̶
ǾǲյĽҲǱɱƴȫȥܹ׳һ㡣
ǿյĸߴ컯Ĺûн٣λĶߵӰǿյĸߴĿעЩ׼ķȥ塣
λʱ֮񣬿Ǵ⣬ǰеɱ⣬ҲԲˣƺ岢ûжٹУǿոߴһλ÷ǳӰĿ˵֮м飬ȴЩϲŭ
ʱ䣬˵Ƚ϶̣ʱܹ֮ʱ䳤֮УһЩңԶĻ棬ĳɳﵽĲ̫࣬ȻҲ̫ǿĹУһԵԣĿ˵
ô˵ҵȴûа취պؽһܲҵİ취Ľԣһϣȴһӣͳʵ
취ȻУҪˣӰЦſ˵˵ͬʱĿǿ飬һԵӣͬҲĿ⿴顣
˵Ŀע£ͺûпǵĿһ˵룬ӦôǼִɱɾ
ɱɾҿɲңɣ̫ˣǵôһЩûںתƻ⣬Ŀ⿴·˵


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ӻһ䣬Եһӣ˼ͬʱ˵ͷʾͬ
ˣһѾʧˣ䴦һЩ鷳ұ顣
鷳Щǿ߲̫ôܹȫĴɱˣֲ׵ķŹǣҪ뵽һʺϵİ취ƵĽдá
ֲò룬Ϊ鷳ǴҹϷʱˣĵ̻۵ķǳ񣬲֪׻˶ٶ͹ϴ֪ЩѾø۲ˡ
˵ĻҲһλߴһµĹʶ
һս֮Ҫ֮Ĵ֮гˣڶǿߣҲȫ£Ҫ峹׵Ĵϣŷϴҵ档
ңЩǿյ壬ڸ˵Ҳûжֵɣǹ˼컯棬ȫ⽫ĸնɱɾ
ȻҶͬ⣬Ǿˣְɣӿ˵ͷ֮΢΢һĨЦ˿Ӿһ
˵仰֮΢΢̧ƣ֮ϣһɫĹâͬҲԵ÷ǳ졣
̧֣׼ЩҪ翹ֵʱĶͻȻͣסˣˣԣͬ׼ֵλߣʱҲӲֹסԼĶĿ⿴˸ߴ
ֻǿյĸߴʱȻһŲɫţӸ߿л£·ݻ޾
ҲΪһŲɫţλĴ֣ͣעŵһŲɫϡ
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֪Ҫɱֵ뷨һЩۣп̥С
ǣЩĸ֣˿һУϣĹâ֪Ϊɫŵĳ֣һпתˡ
ɫźܿ䵽ڶǿߵͷȻһöǿղ֪δ
ϳŤתعͼǿգлȻϴˢˣӦͬ𣬽߷ӡǧ꣬Է˼ߣǧ꣬߶
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ϲ޷ܣعƺҲ֮£ŶԷĻһ䣬΢һЩ仯
Ϊʶոմع֮룬Īʱֱ仯Ӧķǳԡ
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ЩѾ˵ߣһȻлЩʣʱµĲɫţȴûκһ˷Ϊֽ֪Ѿһ˵ϺõĽˡ
ΨһЩϧǣղһ֮£λߣɫŽٵʱһ㣬Ҳһ³
ɫŸǵϣ̻һʯÿһ˶ת˲֮䣬ǿֶ֮˼ǳɢŵĲɫԣǶ⼸λߵķӡ
λĴ߿һĻɫޱϲ˿еʲôƺǰһУֻǸе޶Զѡ
վǸԵϾܹףǰһУ֮оԲϣˣֻ컯ǰȫû˵Ȩѡ
⼸ŲɫǳλĴжףһϣһֱ壡
Ѿ˵ĴߣǷӡǧ꣬ⲻסǵһ˵ʱ䣬ͣǿе⼸ŲɫǳҲڸ壬Ĵһֱڣ鲻Ҫ̫֡
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ڲɫ׼Щ˵ʱͻȻ֮ƺͣһ£ţղǵöһε
ͼǿգʶԭǳֻϳǣǧ֮ڲ
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ֻһ֣һ֮վǿ֮еλߣоˣղǲɫ΢ͣһµԭͬʱҲףΪôڶ˵İãͲǰϳˣ
֮󣬲ɫų׵ʧˣλĴ֪λ컯棬Ѿ顣
ʱҪ˵׼ڵʱĿȴͻȻתϳɵϳǡ
ֻʱϳһɫԲͻȻһϽɫĹ֣ϳУϽɫֵı棬ԼԿǹζǿ֮дǵǳ֮Լ֮·ܵǣӳϽɫĹ֮ϡ
øϳȻлô򵥣׼һϢ֮ķֶΣͻȻһֵϳǣӻĿ˵
˵ʱһ˫ĵ΢΢ϵıЦЦȴĪĹʡ
һҲϳǣɫ΢΢Щݡ
ĴߣܹһϽɫĹ֣컯ֱʣϳĺ֡
ϽɫĹ֣ǿеĴǽϵһַǳǿķֶΣҪƿǳѣˣҲ޷׵ΪҪƿһϽɫĹ֣ƾĻҪһ֮£ǿ֮меĴǡ
ǲ޷һ㣬ֻ޷֤һͬʱǿ֮еĴǲ˺
ϳµֶΣӦҲ컯ż󣬲ܹ飬ǷܹÿһŴǵֶΣﻹõŻǿգԴ컯硣
˵ĿϳͣƬ̣նĿƿˣǿ֮ĵطⳡսǳ׵ĸһˣкκǿܾǧ֮ˣڣѾȫǨϳǣҲ˸÷һջʱˡ
岻֪˶ٶҲ֪ʣ¶ٶĶǸη䣿ʵ
ս࣬Ҫͷԣ˵
һս࣬ΪĴսֻˣҪͷҲ޿ɺǵġ
ǣλߣʱܰø塣
ףؼʱ̣ҶҲ٣˷䣡λ˵
ˣҵȴ߶֣øԼȥңܹҵʲôͿԵλΣԣ
Էô˵ӵ˵ͷȻЩԸ⣬΢˼һ£ջǵͷӦ


߰ʮ 
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ϣĪӴ˿һͬˮһȥȻ֮һ֮С
ոմ߾Ȼʱ䲢㳤֮־޴УĪӸоһ˿ʡ
ΪһλǿߣĪӵķǳļᶨһ΢ĲʸУʲôӰ죬εľ֮󣬵ȵ»ص˰ʱĪӵǳа
ĴӵվǰǣĪӶɱģеǳĺ棬һܲɱɱλǰǳ֮ϵ裬Ҳ塣
ֻϧλǰѾޱ·ûǳ֮ģɱ
뵽ǳ֮ĪӾԼղŶǳ
ǿ֮меĴǺǣǾԼ֮ģعһֲ䣬ĪԼҲо޴ĺô
ȻǳתĹǷǳ˵ȱݲ٣Ҳûа취ҲĪΪ֮ġ
ǳһλǳ֮ʿȫƾһ죬ǳ֮Ī˵ֻǸޣҪԼĵ
ôĪӾ͸ܽǳתüΪǿ֮еǳЩˣҲܽǳתĹ
⣬һЩȱݣҲǸһ·˷ǳ֮ˣôһǿһ˿ܹɾ컯ϣ
˼ţϯӦѾ̤˽վĪӣϯӦһ߽еͼ˹ȥһЦſ˵
ɵĲ
ĪֽӹϯӦͼȻЦŻصǰ͌˵İæƾԼΪ޴
ǫ飬ܰæҲͼϯӦ˵仰˵֮ĿĪӻеͼɨһۣ˵
ͼķǳãҵȺ֮£ܹ۴֮ȻȲƳͼҲѾ㹻ĺˣĸͼһЩϣҪ̫ãӦҲܹﵽߵľ磡
ϲǰĪԣŶԷһϲ
ϯӦΪͷǳӽߵľˣڌҪĿģҲһĻܹͻƣΪߵġ
ϯӦĪһֱչˣһϲĪ˵Ҳĳ⣬ϣϯӦܹ̤ߵĲΡ
˵䣬ͻȻͬʱһȻ˶һۣɫЩ졣
ڸղţǾȻͬʱӵĴǣǰռݵЩǳпճС硢Сռ䣬һпٵռݡ
ڻһ֮˲ҵ飬һһǿ֮жȥ
ϯӦĪΪҪһЩһΣȥȴĪӣΪղǳתĪӶǿ֮ÿһǳķֲȫָƣЩǳϵҲµôһ˽⡣
ӿռѷ̤֮ʱ˾Ѿһ֮ϣȻٵǰĴȥ
ѡŴǣɢŴɫǳ֮Լ͸һ⾳
ľǣһŷǳҪǳһЩҩŴֲҪµĶʹǳʼɣ
һŴ£ĪһϯӦ
Ҷ̫Ҫһ䣬ȴǵѾˣϣûнߣǳҵϯӦһ£һҲص
ǰ˵ĪԣϯӦ˵һ䣬ʱϯӦ˵ˣ֪ʼн뷨ֻǲ֪ܷԸ
䵽Ŵǵͬʱǿ֮УĽǿҲһ̳ˣ壬ϰλĽǿߣ׼ĽĺöС
Ī䵽ľϣųʶɨʱ˵ϣͬʱ¶ϲɫ
ľϣνǲľǳķʢϡҩֱԳƵǱضǣͨļģӲһ㵽ǣûʲôֵ
ļģҲЩͨҩһ𣬴ҲͬûбӣٲֵıȽıģűϸĵĴһ¡
ıֲһƬƬҩУרӪ˸ģһɲļҩЩ֮Ӵ󣬼ֱһʿֲĲƸ
ϯӦӰһ˲úĪӴкֱӳһôԱߣȻͷЦ
ĪӰҲôԣǿô
ֻǿôԼңϵһƬƬҶӣȻǸֲͬ״ģÿһƬҶϣ·̻ŸֲͬķģȻ
ôϣһɫʲͬƣ·ͿѻϸĿͻᷢȻɣҲ̺ĵϡ
ڴ֦ϣһЩӣ״ǷǳԲΣɫһֻĻɫû¶ʲôϣԵüΪ

ϯӦָôɣеĴЦ֮ûͣ£Ե÷ǳļܹϯӦ˼һȻһֱҪ
Īû뵽һ䣬徹Ȼûдߣ˵ߣô׾ٵıҵˣҲϯӦһԸ
Ц˼֮ϯӦ齥ָƽתͷĪ˵
䣬ȻУǱ㲻ʧȽȥľĶͽˣ
һ˵꣬ϯӦֱֶŵһΧҵĵطֱӽи
Ȼͬи㣬СĴӴ֮ϰγٵĽһʧľϡ
ʧϯӦĪӲûȰΪϯӦһԸҪ뿪ǾԷȥˣ
µǳϣֻҪһ˾͹ˣ߾µģ˭жľǵĿȨ
뵽ĪֱȡԪ«нͼ˳ͼչʱһƵӣͳľǵΧľΧ
ǿ⣬ԭλĽɣĿŵľϣڿٵĽӽӵͻȻ֣Ľͬʱֹ
ǴƵ֮УܵһַǳвУӣܹвǰȫʱǴùġ
գԥ˲ʱ䣬Ľ˲ͬѡ
һѡŤͷߣǿ֮еǳкܶ࣬Щû̽ССռ䣬ûбҪȥðա
һˣѡ˳ӣոտӣֱӱУ֮󣬲ǱĴ֮˳ͷҲصľˡ
Īӿ뿪λɣҡҡͷʱ̫ʺɱֵĻöԷô


߰ʮ ķ
ӵıĪľϣʵûܵʲôţĽǿߣŴǵΧ֮󣬿һƵӣѡá
ԼȽŵģڳһ֮ûκջת뿪ˣΨһһλɺڵǿߣ΢Īһ£Ȼ󽫶Է򷢵ˡ
ûţĪʱ׵뿪ǳ֮ǰĪӾܵĵ֤ŴΪС
Ƭ̵Ŀʱ䣬ĪӾͿʼ̽ľϵĶ
ȻΪѾϯӦȥˣľϣʣµ֮ﻹв٣Īľ綼пܹõϵɲ֮ġĪʶɨ֮󣬻һЩԼʶҩɲݡ
˷صʱ䲢̫ãⲢ̫õʱ䣬ʵҲƾõ£Ѿ˲ٵ飬˲ٵս
֮УһЩĶɱѾ˥ˣǳ׵ˣǸЩļضǼٵġ
Щ˥ĶĳЩ壬ĳǿѪҲĳߵò˵콭ȻҲһЩҩɲݡ
Ϊ壬һЩĶǿûУһЩѾ˥ĶȴȻţĪӲʶЩҩɲݡ
ĪϸĹ۲ЩͬʱҲʶϸѰľϵСռС硣
ΪһŴǣһǶ弫ҪִǣľϵССռ仹٣Īӱ׵ľͷһЩ
ЩССռ֮УĪҲ˲Сջ
ЩطһЩֵĵһĹãĪӴҵһЩ伮ѾƺõĲϣһС֮УĪӻ˷ǳķ֡
Īʶ̽뵽С֮УԻԼòȻС֮У˫Ž䱸ͻֲ̿˫ۣĪľú⡣
С粻󣬲ĻȴǳĺãǻľһƬȻľ󣬿֮Ųľ뻨㣬ǷǳŨȴǳˡ
ЩŽ䱸ͻֲ̿˫ۣƬС֮еһĸ塣
ĸ壬ֻвƴСΣһ˫ĪǰǸ֮УͯеС顢ӡ
ǵ࣬С֮УֻжǧңϵϢҲǿûе˵ĲΡ
ĪЩСϣоһŨŨԼһֱȽľ֮ϡ
Ϊ֮ԵʣĪӶЩСоȻһ˿֮ģҪоЩСϵϢǳĸɾûմȾĶ
һ˫˫ֺ̿µĪһʱ֮Щ̫뽫ЩСȫɱˣ˽һǣȻЩСĴڣвĪǻԥؽɱ
ֱԼʶȥӴЩͬһСĪҲûпı⣬ȻٽӴ֮УܿͷЩͬһСǵȷǳĸɾ
ЩСƺֻ߰꺢ͯӣЩܹϲľ츳ƺʱ䶼ұҲһȱݡ
ͬľ֮һ壬̺ŴƫƫܻͨҪ̣ҪֳҲס
ĪãֻҪЩСܣͽûκȥӴǣȵһǧԺЩߴӷӡʱЩСӦѾȻˡ
գĪӶݵĺЩСӴһ£һ˽һǣȻʶͳС֮С
ͨ飬ҲĪ֪ˣЩǿ߽ȡ¶Ĺ֮Уٲ˻һЩĸ壬ͬҲٲ˻еһ֣Ǵ
ʱһת۾͵֮Ī֮ĸоⳡϷµĲƸʢᣬѾˡ
ЩĽɾǿߣԶһЩջûǿֶġ
ĽɣѾǵջˣٲĪĽɣһЩҪĵطҪռݡ
ΪЩҪĵطĽǿߣٷһЩĦ˴˻ȽϿƣֻǵ㵽ΪֹѣϾ干ͬʤ֮䣬Ҫ棬һȡ
һĪӱһô֮£һЩɢƣϸĶ֮еݡ
еöľǵһСռ֮ҵģ¼һִһͨḶ́ȻݣԷӦʧˣԽȽķ˵֮УᣬеݣĪӿǱȽ˼
ĪĶݵĹУԶһЩССӰЩҩ֮æµͬʱʱʱĿ͵Īӡ
ЩСĪӽӴһ֮󣬾ûǣŵ˵ڶ죬ǾСԼǸСܳ̽ҪĪӣƺûǸͿʼҩ֮æµֻ͵͵ĴĪӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Īӽе£̧ͷǿ⣬ʮˣľǿһλǿߣʣµĶɡ
ܵˣҲˣĪӻվֱӣȻ˵
ʱˣȻľǵģԷˣԼҲܹˡ
һսʱȻ黹٣ĿǰɨβûнĪ׼ȻһˣȻٿҪҪȥϰæ
ǿ֮УľǵʮλˣľǰͣȻͷλɶľǴ
ͥҩǰľǣĪѳȥ
ҩĪԷԼ֣˫ΪһһͽǿеͼջأȻæӭ˳ȥ
Īȫû뵽ǰľǵģȻҩҪ֪ĪӵܽٵɾƵģĪӻȥݷùԷֻϧûмˣû뵽ջ
һĪӾͳǿУʮλ֮Уվǰһ
ԷһòǳˣɢһΪҩԻ֮ȥҩ㣬ƺҲĹйأʷǳƽͣһ֮£Ҳӡ̡
ĪӣҩǰĪӿٵĴһȻ̶һ񣬽ּ˵
֮ǰ̲ǰȥݷùǰֻϧʱǰδһû뵽ڴ˵üлǰҩ֮ûǰһܽٵ¾ûнյˣڴлǰ
Ī˵ʱǰҩһ£ֱĪ˵ܽٵŷӦĪӵ˼Ҳ֪Īôԭ
ŶǿܽٵҼǵǹͼҪģԭǸѽҩ΢΢ĵ˵ͷûϾֻ˵
ȻλǰûôעĪӣƺЩ̫ں˽˵仰֮󣬾Ȳ˵
ǻȽľǰɣҪȿЩʲôҩ
ĪһЦֱӲһơ


߰ʮ ̫Ľ
ҩĪӲӣһ֮󣬾̽ľǣЩɣ˺ܿĪӸһ
Īǰ벻Ҫ⣬ƽʱԸ񣬳֮⣬鶼̫ģ˽ҲȽ٣
Īԣ΢΢˰֣ʾԼ⣬ҩˣֺܴˣԼȤĶ֮⣬϶Ͷ̫ʱ䣬Ҳ̫⣬Ⲣûʲôý黳ġ
ദʵȽϼ򵥣Ǿǽе˵ܵĸɴܴȥˡ
½ľǣĪӾͿҩһЦݣٵĴһƬƬҩ֮Уҩ֮Щҩ͸һַĵϲá
ûʲôȸһ㹻ĲϣɷӣöԷøˡ
ĪһԿţ׼ҩŵһЩȻ뿪лĻղѾ˵ˣԣҪĻպĳЩϿûаԷĻᣬʵʵı𣬱ͷϵҪǿöࡣ
ҩٵĴһҩ֮䣬ڹ۲һɲݵͬʱץס˲ԱһҩڵһֻСдһ¡
ףĸɣôôľ֮ҩҩ˵
ĪԷĻ̲סڵҩǰʵЩСΪߣҲǴҩȷʵǳЩСľߵҩӦܹչ˵ĺܺã
ĪӵĻҩϸһƺɪɪСȻ˼ĵͷ˵
˵ҲеЩСչҩֱҪã
˵仰֮ҩͽеСſȥ̽ҩˡ
ĪӼ龰֪Է״̬ܻҪһҲ׼ˣһͬЩ˵һ֮󣬾ֱ뿪ˡ
ߵʱĪӻЩطСĿԼ
ǰһռѷ죬Īֱһ̤УӰһٴγֵʱѾ졣
뿪֮ЩһֱΧߵɣһĳ׷Χҩȥһţܹһǽ̸
λĪǰͦƵģΪʲôʱ˸ǣǧҪλĪǰ
λǰΪͦƵģսʱֿɺأΪǽɳڣĽɣѾһˣҲǾҩЩϢûʲôʱעˣ֪λǰĴҪע
һ߸ŻЩһСĽ̸֮УĪӣѾһЩ΢΢ľη
ľĪ뿪֮Ī»ص֮󣬿Žµޱƺޱƺ֮УȻŲٵǳ
һĻĪףǿ֮µЩǳ֮ҲˣҲһ£ޱƺ֮УЩǳտͻǿա
ڴϣҲ࣬䵽ڶʯǳôһ֣Ӧûܹͻǿ֮УرһŴǣҲ˴أ֪˺εȵӰ졣
ǿ֮еǳǳϡ٣ҲмʯǿնԵЩյʵҪ̫ᣬʱţǿջĻָ
ǿջʱţԴԴϵĴ֮޾֮ȡ۳һſµʯǳ
ֻҪǿûг׵ĻôһоͻĻָǿվͻʯǳֻ̻ȽҲ»ָҪʮʱ䡣
ʱ䣬ҲΪһЩͱ˵Щûлǳͻصǿ֮Уһ취
֮⣬һЩߣƾǿ֮µǳ컯֣׵ľܽһ޸
ĪӹƣЩ䵽غ;֮еǳʯһֻᱻͻǿ֮УȻд󲿷ֵģܻʹ˵£ϾЩǳʯ֮ڣ̲ŲĲϡ
ӰٴһĪͥ⣬Ȼֱ˽ȥ
ĪûѡȻԼĵѡͥߣҪͼûȻ˳˽һЩϢܻԼĵĵ
֮ͥĪԭǴѶɵ˽һһЩȻȥͼûոսֱͥӾͱ̲йȥˡ
̲ĵУԶ̲ĪЦ˵οһ׳٣Ȼǳת޵ľǳ֮¾һ£㽫ټĺôΪһ죡
ĪԣЦҡҡͷǰ˵Цˣͻƽɾ֮Ҫĵ·ʵ̫ˣһǳ֮ʿҲûôǳת
̲˵ͷȻڵҩӦѾ˰ɣľǱߵĲ䣬УϯӦ˽һ׮ԸѾڌ±չˣصʱӦþͻΪߣϧˣһΪǰ棡
̲˵ţϯӦٴαչأߵľ飬ﻹǸе˵ģҲǴЦݡ
Īĵ˵ͷϯӦľٶ֪ϯӦͻƴߣѾͻƵıԵҲôŽֱӿ˻ȥ
ǰæʱ䣬ҲˣʱǰҪλˣĪӹάһ䡣
ⳡսսɨβĹǳ鷳ͥԵñȽ壬ƴ֣ڶæµƵһֱͥǰգĪӽʱûпӰӦҲæµš
»õһʱ䣬һľٶϴľ޴ѣڴϵĸֳ֣ǲһЩʧ
ͥٵֶǰ˴أһЩʯǳƬռͻǿգ干ͬԼ飬ʱĻҲȥϰæ
⣬㹦ͲС֮н͵ĵľ磬ܹõϵĶˣĶУĶòϣȥµĵӣһϣൣ
̲⼸仰˵ִ꣬ӻȡͼݵĪӵǰڵ
ʦ˼ʱͥͼ㣬ϣٻȥܹ֮
Īֽӹͼٴε˵ͷûٶ˵ʲô
͵Ľ̲˼ܹõϵĶ̫࣬Ǹµ׼ģһĪܹ⡣
ɾΪܹõõĶȷԽԽˣһֱҲôǿⷽҲأĵãʵѾܲˡ
ͼļǾ͸˵ˣȻȥ֮ϾУĪӾԻ
ε鵽Ͼǳ׵Ľˣ̺ͽֻ̫ⷢһβ̫Ľ
Ȼж˵ʤˣ̫Ŀûдɡ
ûн峹׵ĴУҲûбƳʱ֮һսпǧ֮󻹻к


߰ʮ ׫
ޣУĪӵĵУһοʼˣж֮лصĪǰǵж÷ǳ档
Ϊ˽ɾ֮жĵĪȥжȻһЩдܹһЩãǰʱѾȫָоˡ
ɾ׷ĵԽԭƳ³¡
ɾ֮ǰĪΪһλߣһ·ǰߣڽɾ֮·ͨǰģֻǰ·Щ̫ˣֻԼǰ˵᲻·ǾҪԼˡ
Īжѧϰеĵжоڽһλڴ֮·ϵߣοԼĵ·̽յĴ
ѧϰͽ˼ĴȴȫͬģĽ׶Ҳȫͬġ
˺ðεĹֹͣתͷĪӣʱĪӣƺ˼ţȻǳרע
Ҳû⣬Īӻ֮⼸ʱ䣬ʱĪľٶҲǵһμˡ
ԹԵߵһߣһʯ̨£ȻǿʼתڵĹ
ԴˡԪˮ¼֮ԽԽоʦڸŹǲҺǳϣʱ򣬸оԼΪٶȷǳĿ졣
ÿʱʱʱ䣬Ҳһм֮ġ
еʱ䣬мĪѧϰ֮ͷĵȵȵ֪ʶ
żһЩеʱ䣬һԼıҲǳɣֻдַģȻ޳һЩҪķģɷԷݻǡ
Լı֮⣬ǲȥķⷽ棬ԼѾˡ
ǿʼʱ˼Īӣڴרע״̬֮˳ȻĿһǣԭûжִֻǰǰһ滹ڷֽʡ
Īץϵëʣֿ̧ʼֽд
ˮľ֮棬ڶ󣬶֪жȣƫ룬ȡ
Īֽдһ֣дƫ롱֮󣬼µݣĪȴͻȻ֮ͣסˣ߸ʱ䣬Ī޷ʣͱһдƣüͷ˼
ܿ죬ʼϵһī֭Ҫдλãղдһֺһš

ĪӿһĻ΢΢ķһ̾Ȼֽ֣һţһֽž̻Ϊޡ
Īü˼Ƭֿ̣ʼдղŵݡ
ƫ룬֮УȻԱض޷棬ζȶΪҲ
Īд仰Ȼٴͣ˱ʣ˼͸ղŵһһʼһīˮһδʪֽĪֽųһţĻΪޡ
һΣĪûټдֻһӣǰȻվ
Ҫ׫һȻһ׵飬ҪϸôĥãпܳΣ
ĪӸղŵΪѾˣ׫ԼһⲻǶѧһܽᣬҲϵպ÷۵ͳĴУǳбҪ
ĪɾΪȫ顣
ѾʮʱˣĪʼֱ׫ǴǰʼģǵѣȻҲ㲻Ͽ죬òѡ
׫һʵǲףⲻȡڸ˶ԵͬҲҪǵĶˣܹʲô
һ޷Ķ֮Ϊ֮ŷҪһЩǻôҶϿɵġ
һһݣ΢Դ壬ֵϸããܹÿһ׶ΣĶָ߽һЩߵ
ˣȲдֱ̫ףҲ̫ۣݣĺѡ
ԭĪӸջ֮ҪҪȥһ˴ϣ÷۵ˣԼⳡ֮УǷȻƾԼ֮ĸоĪѾõ˴𰸣ԼѣȫȻ
Ĵ֮ĪӾʹȥһɵͷ׼ԼĵһԼβսԼһЩջ
ЩʱȥĪӶԼս֮ջ񣬾һ֮󣬸оҲǴ洦ΪҲ΢΢һЩ
ֱĿǰΪֹĪõĺôûȫ֮꣬Ϊܹٵһ֡
ֻΪ˽ɾ磬ûλʱ֮İĪҪٵΪֻƾԼͱȽˡ
ĪЩҲԸоԼĽٶû⣬Ϊʵģ֮ǰֿٵֽ̤ʵصĽ˸е̤ʵ
վ֮Īûмڵ֮߶ûãĪӰʧ˵֮УһƬСռڡ
ĪӻصԼĵ֮ڵ֮пٳһƬСռ䡣
ԭǸ׶εʱԼٵˣѾΪǿߵʵԺᡣ
Īԭڻ֮ҪúõĽһʱȴоط̫С̫ʩչԾͿٳһƬСռ䣬Сռ֮ĵֻĸıһ¡
ƬСռڣѾŸֽѳһƬƬҩٵæµš
Īӽ֮󣬲鿴һҩ֮ҩĵĳƣȻмƬҩ֮еĶصĲ鿴һ£ת뿪
ľ뿪ʱĪӿɲǿֶģľЩɲҩĪԼܹõϵģҲȡһЩ࣬Ǻö
ĪʱûʹЩ뷨Ƚֲ£պòϣҲԸԼĵš
Сռ֮гĪӿѾֹͣŵȥɵЦҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼģǸͻȥΧޱƺ֮תһȦϰߡ
ȻռһЩȽĲ֮ģصϣⲢΪǸո֮ϲãڴϵʱȥЩϵļֵҵһϰ߶ѣ͸ͨķˣԱ˷ȥ޸ࡣ
ÿһλʱ򣬴Ķ̫࣬ʱֶ飬˵ǲûоЩ󣬶Ĵ
ǳȥĪӸȥһͼͻȻ䶯ȴͣˣŲҲ˵⣬ͬʱϹһĨЦݡ
ո߳ԼĵĪǰĿռһռѷ죬ȻһٻӰʹռѷ̤֮Īʶ
񣡡ǰĪ΢ЦŶ˸кԼԴ󷽷سһˡ
Ī񣡡ҲЦŶĪӻһ鲢û˿졣
Ⱥ󣬴Ϊȣ֮˱ˣں˭ʱȽϳҪĻǸ˵Ϊ


ٰ߰ʮ ͥʹ
ӭһͤ£Īſʵ
ѽкҪ£
ĪӵĶ棬Īô˵΢΢һЦȻ󿪿˵ҲҪ£ʱ䣬ҪڰͥЩͶģ
һ˵꣬óһɫԲ򣬽ŵǰϡ
Īô˵֪һĿģǽһս֮ͥĽ͹ˡ
Ѿʮʱˣӣ̲Լ˵ЩȷҲӦʱ͹ˡ
ĪûȿǸɫԲ֮еĶЦŶ˵鷳רһˣ
ԣҡҡͷ˵ʱ飬ߣҲר̸ͶģҪһҪȥһˣ
Էô˵ĪֻЦЦȻϵǸԲ򣬽ʶ̽У鿴Ķ
Īӿʼ鿴涫ͬʱҲڸĪӽ
ͥĶܹԼõϵĲ࣬һǲ֮ĶʣµľһЩɾƺɲ裬麣Ϻõ˵ҩһŴԪһЩΪŵҩĪѲһܹõϡ
֮⣬ɱǺͲйصģȻֻƷɱڵѵУӦܹһЩãҲ͸һ͹ˡ
ʣµĶҾͲѽˣǿԸµõģҩУЩԼУ
ܹУҲǹûĿǰĵˣо׼ʵҪɵҪķѲСĹ򡣡
ȵĹʵƳҩʱͥǱ߻һЩģھǼţǾҪɵ֮ˣԲõѳԿģ
һĽܣĪһ߿еĶϺܵĲ࣬ҲЩѣŽɾ綼ܹЧõĵҩԿͥȷڽĪӣֻǹŵҩĪԼòϡ
˵ĵҩĪӲЧܹԼˮǿһΪĵҩͲ˵ĪӺԼˣҲãĪӿòϡ
˵Ĺʵɵĵҩںˣ֪ʲôʱܹɹʱÿǡ
ڲ鿴ţĪͻȻ֮䷢֣ɫСԲ֮УȻԼ֮ǰĶ
ǣ
ĪӿСɵýĿת
ĪѯĿ⣬΢ЦſڵСĪӦòİɣ
ĪӵͷСһȻеİΪԼľϷֵǸĸ壬ֻû뵽ͥ͹Ľ֮УȻСһ
ҩѺúоһЩСһڴҩ԰ⷽ棬ķǳãܹҩٶȣҩЧҪǣļλҲЩСһȷ޺ģǱȽϵԾЩСһ
ЩСһ࣬ҷ൱ѣҲǺܳԣһЩߣ취ЩСһһЩȷֶǵģһΣ͸ѴƽʱԵҩ֮ã
˵֮Ī̾ˣӦȽӴЩСһˣǵȱ˽ĺĪҲʼǵˡ
߶ȷЩСһûʲô⣬ӦþûˣСһҩҲһ顣
ǾͶлˣĪӰͷл
ֻǳȶѣѾ͵ĪУҾͲˣҪȥ⼸˲ٵĵطҵϢһУһ˵ţһ߻վȥ
ĪҲͣһֱ͵˵⣬Ŀ뿪ĪӲתصԼĵ
ص֮Īĵһ£ǽԼСռ䣬̽СӰɫСԲ֮˳
СڰɫԲ֮Уһֱһ𣬻ֲ̿ɪɪĪȡһ̣Ѿ־嵽˼¡
Сһ￴Īӵʱ򣬷ЩܻҽӽĪӣƺûиղôˡ
ĪӿСһӣ֪ԼľǵǼ죬ƺѾСһסˡ
΢һСһĪӸǴȥһϢСһԺǵ¼ˣƽҪҩ
СһԣǷǳֲ̿ЩӵͨʶĪӣǵ
һ㣬ĪӲûлشСһֻϤһСռ֮еĻ
СһȻߣֻ߰꺢ͯˮƽʵһЩ飬ٻܹġ
ĪҲûбҪǽйİΪٶİı䲻һʵǾѾūЩСһ
һʵ⣬ٶķΣҲڸǲʵҲҪڸǡ
֮鱾ˣǰ壬ͺЩСһһҲǱū۵ĶûͲϵĻһǿѪūۣǾͲн塣
ʱǿ壬Ѿᱻūۣū˵ʸ񣬸ԴԼǿϢӮϡ
Сһڽпռܷ֮ϰߣĪ뿪Сռ֮󣬾ͿʼĶ
ŵҩĪȻòϣǺܺ뿴ġ
ܹԽɾǿЧõĵҩʢŵȴǺܾ
еľУĪϸϸĿһ飬ȷϣͨģһСľУĶûп̻ȫͨͨĶ
һûһĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ܺʢŵĵҩҪõرõôܹԽɾǿЧĵҩǱȽĶҪúñġ
еľд򿪣Ī̿зõöҩֽеһϸĹ۲š
ŵҩûκεҩһɫĵ裬ڵҩм䣬һ·ζŵĽɫϸߣͺһһ㣬ҩı棬ķģģֻȻɵζ
麣˵ϵĲϣɲƳģڲȽ˵ҩ
ҩȷĪȻԼòϣǰող룬ŵҩһõ
֮ǿŴԪʢװ麣ȫһģһЩͬǣĪӽ򿪵ʱǿŴԪȫһתĹâǳҫۣȻͬûʲôҩĪܹо̲һǿ
ŵҩպãĪҲԵһЩԼĺģȻֽĶҲóϸһ£ԼĴ֮С
ȽеĶóǸɫСԲҲԼʹĭһˡ


ٰ߰ʮһ 
һսһǳĶ࣬ԶԶֻǱ濴ȥЩˡ
һսջСһս֮ҪͳĽҲǲ٣ͳЩջĶȻҪԶԶĳ
һս֮һֱΪֹ廹һս֮ջĶ΢΢ҪЩ׵ΪԼĶҪһαȽϳʱ䡣
һʱ䣬ʵһ߷ڣ˴ջܻþ޴
뿪Īͥ͹ĽһǸպõĶǣȻӾͿʼ׵ƽ
֮Уûκ˴ĪӣΪȷûʲôҪĪӵ飬ողһսʲôҪĵطһҲĪЩ֮ǰսĽɣϾҪΪҲôһϢĿյֻܵ
͵Сռ֮еСһھ˴ԼһҵӦ֮ǳ׵ӦµĻʼСռ֮еҩ
µĻСһҲ⣬ȻСһҪһƬСռҩƬСռ䷶ΧҲرĴǿܹæµĹæµҲһֱϰߣϲ顣
ĪӺСһദһ㣬ȻܹСһָʾ£ҲܹСһԹԵǰϸļ飬СһȴǾηʼպĪӲһ׽
֮£ȴǺСһϲ
ҲݣΪҲ̫ߣСһûôľηÿǽСռ֮СһΧǵߣһ׽ӡ
ȻǶСһû̫׽СһȻִ˲ƣ׽ǡ
ĪӾ۲һСһӦľ֮ϣǵϣĪӵһЩá
ľǵʱĪӾ͸оЩСһľ֮ϣҲ΢עһ£û̫⣬ʱļע֮Īӷ֣ľ֮ϣչֳЩԭԼԤơ
Сһͬľ֮һܹ뵽Ĳľ֮ڣͨһĽòľĹЧٶȴߡ
Сһﱾ߱һĲٿزľʩչһЩ͵ͦ˼ġ
ڹ۲СһĹУĪӶľ֮ԼһЩֶε˸뷨
ʱת֮һս֮ķΧǳ׵ɢˣ֮ϵ壬ȴı
һЩջ񣬿ʼⲻԴϵĶҪһЩǻ۽ᾧ
ǻײȻܹ𻨣ԴӵǷǳѧϰ壬̲Է⣬ڱĶȡ̡
ԭ򣬾һںһսУ˺ôˣΪйصļͻƣӶʼġ
Щˣ඼һЩɾͽɵʿӦĽȡһЩΪĽǼյߣڶʱڣ̤㵽׶εʿһֽǿߣΪҲһŴߵĲ
˵µĽǿߣܻᵮλӦòô죬ϾҪͻƽɾ磬ɲô׵顣
ЩǿߺͽǿǵջֻⳡֿʼĿˣ֣֮ӴȺУԼ֮ϵ˾µ塣
ⳡսԼµʱ򣬴ɾ̤뵽ɾʿһӾͶ˺ܶ࣬ڶ̶̼µʱ䣬Ͷ˼ʮλɣֻڼ֮С
Щ֮ǿ֮еϣһȺټ֮ˣʼӶĴ˺Ϣ
һ칤ѧѧѧӣͨоɱ¾Ĳ֫ϱۣ˾޴ջһָĿܣɱ¾Щƣ߱һЩ飬ʹ
ֻоĲ飬ɱ¾ֲ߱黹Щ磬Ȼ߱жܹ¼Ϣǳļ򵥣жҲǳĵһɱ¾вСĸռ䡣
ţټѧѧˣҲƳ³£ǴһЩµطоһЩµߣǹɳһЩмֵĶвٶõͥϿɡ
Щ˴ϺҲõ˻ʳϿɣðټѧɻȸԾ
ټѧջЩͬʱҲͨһε飬˺֮Щѧ֮ϵٽһα˴֮Ľ
ȻЩ˹׵ˣ֮ϣǴϵĻʳĶǵĽ͡
ǲٽ͵ͬʱȵ֮󣬻ʳҲٲ˻һλ뷷⡣
Ϊջ񣬲ϵĳֳָɹʼǱߣͬҲȡ˲ٵջ񣬻һЩɹԵͬȽ֡
һսոսոպĴѹ壬˴֮Ϊεĺһڣ֮ԵΪг
ڸĽ紦ǿջǾ죬ڴϺڤУ⼸ûзĦ˴֮ĹϵֱͣϵΪǢʱˡ
ǢĹϵȻ̫ܳãڸһδջĺô֮ǰǢĹϵӦûȥ
ǢĹϵƣڽ϶̵ʱУҲָʱĦԭߡ
սȡʤȴûг׵ıУλʱ֮Ҳûг֣ڻλߣӡǳ֮Уôö֮ĹǿУһû˻Ӷ
ǼŲɫǳʱŸеˣ֮£ǴӴ˸ˣֻʱĸһ˶ѡ
ȵǧ֮ļλ߾ͻƷʱ龿ηչһδ֪ΪһεһսȻʧܴ󣬵ڣȻŷ̵Ŀԡ
壬Ǽλӡǳ֮еĴ֮⣬ûĴߣһ˵顣
֮ΪĴڣˡ˴֮䣬µȵݵڽ֮ҲӦûᱣԵĿƣֿƣɻһǾ֮
ʱ޷֮ɻڳţϣ嶼
֮֮ռƵľˣλһƷ壬ϽΪƵƶȣ֮еƣĿǰ˵ǷǳԵġ
βܣ֮ʤߣĺпܳ壬ԲԸ⿴ġ
ϣĹϵһڣҲԲܷ֣ƵյĽڴغ֮ϣ屣ԵĿƣڤ֮Уɻǰһչ


ٰ߰ʮ ľľ
ʱһתۣǳսѾǹȥһʱˡ
ĪҲԼĵ֮Уľһһзǳƽûκ
һʱ䣬Ī˵оȴǹ÷ǳĿ죬Ȼÿһöǳĳʵоʱƺڲ֮͹ȥˣ֪һꡣ
еСռڣĪǣɫǳƽߣǷСһҲЩǵĿǡ
СһģĪʱǴ
İɣֻͻһСѣûκεΣգֻҪȴƬ̵ĹӦþܳɹͻƣ
ӵĪӴ֮СһȻһЩǱȽеİķĪߣǡ
ڵǣھһСͻƣɾڣͻƵɾڡ
֮ϵʱ䣬ʱ䲻νǲ죬ٶȣܱĪӻҪٿһ㡣
ǵֽܹȣʲ֮лԲܹר֮⣬ҪԭĪӺһʦ
һɾˣһλǿÿ춼̵ָ߽һųԴͥЩǱȽʺõģĪӿûжġ
֮£ǵΪٶôˣܹôͻһС磬Ҳ˵֮е顣
˿ǣϵϢڻȶķȷǳƽȡ
ϣѾһɫĹâ˶Уһˮľ֮ĵϣ͸¶ʾ˶ڵҲѾȽˡ
ĪһԿİԵͷǵķǳĻ񣬱ͨɣѾԶԶĳˣʹõЩԴҲڷĻ̶ȽһչȫѾеľ硣
˻ķԼСܹͨӳ൱ֲȵǽԼСͨͨĳ̶ȣÿһʩչչֳĿ¶֮
ƾСͨܣΪһЩĪӾͿԷĵԼȥˣĿǰľƣȥиĽ紦ȥǿ֮Ƕȥһ£ֻҪԱûġ
Сռ֮УԼֹȥ˰ʱҵʱ䣬ɢϢѾȵɾڣȻֻٶѾˡ
ڣϲϢ׵ȶһɸǿѹǵɢ־Ϊʽ̤ɾڡ
ĪӻסԵСһϢȶ֮󣬿ʼǣ¶Цݡ
ǵͻƣȫһˮɵḶ́;ûоĲ̷ǳ˳
ûã˫ۣȻվĪӵߡ
һֱĪߵСһѾȲطɵǵߣ䵽ǵļϣһǳ˵ģ
ûСһֻǶĪһȻҲû˵ʲô
ĪӼ״ЦſͻƿνˮɣòĻйأĿǰֻҪúõΪͻɺڣӦòȴ̫ã
ʦϤĽ̵ǻص
ĪļҲûټ˵ֻ˳ֵץǼϵСһһתȥһ߶˵
ȹһԼΪСһҾȴˣʡһΪʱ÷㣡
ĪӻµʱѾ뿪Сռ䣬СռĵС
ĪץеСһĪӵͱȽϰˣĪӰץУ˿ķҲûС
ĪеһͤץеСһϣȻ󿴵СһЩ̫ĵı飬ЦˣʱһˣһΰСһʮ֮ˣУʱ棬Ҳģ
˵ĪӾֱ̧ƣĴɢɫĹâֱֱشһ⣬СһﶼС
һŨһĪĴµһâ֮Уע뵽ǰСһڣƽͬʱĪҲϸĸСһڵı仯
һʱ䣬СһﳹӦĪӵͬʱҲԼֱ֣ľľ顣
ĪЩ͵Сһﻹͦϲġ
СһԼ֣ڵֽҩչ˵ķǳã޺帽壬ĪҲͶСһһЩ
Ȼ˵֮еһӣĪҲСһľʧȥҲϸоһСһȻͬСһ帽壬ڵŨȴǳݵԭˡ
Сһͬľ֮һĴڣȻǷǳҲŨŨ˵Ӧ˶ݡ
ңСһƽʱչҩʱʱľ֮Уĳֽһڵͻ۵ԽŨˡ
ȻĸͳСһڵ۵ԽԽŨˣľ֮ϣһַǳı仯
ı仯ľ֮ϵһּµݻı仯˶ݵԭ
ı仯ĪҲûа취䳹׵ĸı䣬ҪסСһĪӾֻͨԼֶΣƽСһڵ
ڹâҫ֮£СһﰲվҲ֪ĪΪǺãƾ߰꺢ͯǣǸںȥ档
Ī飬ǼҳƤĺǿڼúдҵһСһȻǿĲġ
Ī˵Сһڰӣõı֣ԷԼʩΪҲܹԼ̽顣
Լһҵʱ䣬ĪеĹâ¶˲εЦ⣬˵
ԭˣ
˵֮Īӻ̲סЦԵΪϲá
վϵСһ￴ĪӵӣǶһۣȻɿűĳĵķֻͤĪһˣ֮ͤá
Ҳ֪ʱ˶ãֱһϮĪӲŷ·ڻȻ֮عȻ߳ͤ
ĪһֱߵһǰʱͻȻһ£Ȼͣǰ·ڵȴʲô
˴ԼĹĪǰͻȻ֮ͷһЩ仯·һ˲䣬ˣҶøˣȻûбøӴ׳ҲоԾ˼֡
ţô֦ϣͻȻ֮ð˼仨Ƕ䣬ͬâһ㣬ɢ΢Ĺ⣬֦ϡ
Ȼܿ죬һ仨Ƕ䣬ͿʼһţʥĻ䡣
ֻһ仨ʱǰôȴͻȻ֮·𱻳еһ㣬ÿήҸ࣬Ȼ֮䵹ˡ
ĪߵĴǰժһ仨ǰϸĴһ£Ȼҡҡͷ
ϸĵоһʱ䣬ܹΪһŶԵеֶΣ


ٰ߰ʮ 
СһһڵӳһǵĪҲͨСһϵľ֮ϣһֱһЩ뷨׵ˡ
Լ֮䣬ĪѾһµĶԵֶΣͬʱ֮Ҳиһ¥ơ
ȻµĶԵֶΣĪӻҪһʱƣܹ˶Ե֮ʹá
ΪͻƵɾڣҲû˶ʲô仯ÿΣ֮ĪӵĽ̵вĵطҲһĪӣûΪԼΪͻƣͲ֮˼
ÿǳ̤ʵһգθոտʼĪһԲԶСһҲһԣһ֡
ǿеһϣߵƺ̫֮ոһ̴ޱߵƺͶ䵽Īӵǰ
һ⣬Īһӣһͳǰ˰ڷֽ֮⣬бһѾдּĸ
ⱡһĪڹȥһ֮Уڱ׫ջĳɹһֻмʮҳӣϸ̽Ļֻǧ֡
ǧֵݣѾĪӾϸã޸ģдĶˡ
Щһյĵеһһ䣬ҲĪô򣬷ǳ
Լ֮ǰĽȣĪ˱ʣһֽд
뼺׷ΪҲҲһһ⣡
дţĪֻдȵ֣ȻеıʾͣˣҲдһ֡
еıʣĪͬһ˼֮С
ӣǻСһѾֲˣΪڹȥһ֮Уÿ춼ᷢ顣
׫һѣǵ˺棬дһ仰һ׵飬ĪӵЧҲű׫ԽԽӽɹЩˡ
ȻЧʱԽԽĪӾɹȴҲԽԽˣɱ־˵Чʣÿд֣һЩʱգ׫ⲿҲܹˡ
˼Ƭ̣ĪֽԼղдµһţȻлΪޣֽд˼֣ݺ͸ղ΢һЩ仯
Īһͣ˼ʱָո̫âͻȻ֮ЩϣߵޱƺâҲͬȾһƬɫ
ף
ҲʱĪӾͺͻȻܵ˾һ㣬̴ӳ˼֮ѣĿת̫ĵط
ֻʱ̫ǺɫģֻɢĹ⣬ȴɫġ
̫Χޱߵϼ·һɫȼϣڲϵıȾɫƽޱƺҲЩ
ĪԺ֮ðĸ֣
ԺðĸֵͬʱĪҲ뵽һˣǾѾչһϯӦ
֮Կ龰̾ͻ뵽ϯӦϯӦʹõֶΣһƬԵʣҪǷŵɫϼԼ֮У·ݻһֺϯӦ֮Щϵĵϡ
ϯӦչѾһˣ֮ǰĻۣҲӦܹɹĿߵĽޣΪһλĴߡ
Īûۼͻƴߣһӵĵ伮֮УĪȴһЩǶǵ
һ伮Ͼд˵̫һڳɾʹߵʱ콵ϼһ״ֱָأ֮Ҳһͬöѹаһ㣬Ϊ֮һš
һ֮ʱžһգֱ˺أǿ߸ε㺮
飬Ҳͻƴߵʱ޹⣬һǣƾճǿ֮УâǹеǳΪ֮ΨһĹ
ĪΪһĿɷֵģܹ˵һ⣬Ǿͻƴߵʱ򣬵ȷһЩ
ǰһĻͬһĳܾܿϯӦͻƵ󣬶󣬺ϯӦҲǳϡ
ȻͻƴߵʱҲǿڱεģһ£嶼ѡڱΣֹ֪˴˾жٴ߼ս
ƺ֮ɢڲϵΧɢһҪޱƺȫȾĸоǷӿĪϯ
ƺԽԽǵ֮еǣСһҲˡ
ƽʱȽϵССһһǹȴûбֳʲôµƺֻкѡ
Ҳ֪СһǸоǲûʲôвΪĪӺԣпɽԲûʲôµıֵġ
ԽԽܿ͵ĪӵǰȻƿ˵Զϯ
Ī͵һ·ƺ˿ѾȾһƬɫɫı仯֮⣬һֵĵϣǳ
ǹһĨ΢ЦĪѾǳȷǰ󣬾ԾϯӦͻƴˣΪֵĵϣϯӦĵ
ԶϯĪ֮һƬɫԵ÷ǳء
Լʮʱ䣬ϯƺڵ˾ͷԭŵƺҲʼƽ
ڱƽƺ֮Уһ΢ɫĹâ͸¶˳ȻܿʧˣҲԽԽ
Īӿߵһ̫Ҳָ˱òĹâָеɢˣһлָƽ
ֱʱһԵǣŶĪʵʦղŵЩǺ󣿡
ǵʻĪϴŵЦݣشһλǰΪͻƳΪ˴ߣͻƴߵʱ󡣡
ʦ֪λǰԣʵ
Ϊֹǻ֪嵽жλߣ֪ģҲ֮ȽϳĴߣһŲ֪ڵ֪һλĸˣΪͻƳµĴߣҲеЩ档
ǵ⣬ĪЦſڵλǰΪʦǳչˣΪʦ֮Ϻ󣬶θΪʦҲ˵֮ʱȥČǵߣϯӦǰ
ԭλǰԣڌϣȷϯӦ֣ոյʱλǰ׼ڌϽһν
ֻǿϧǣȥʱȴλļϸһʱ֮£ԷֱץˣԼʦȡ
ΪǼ飬һνǿߵĽҲʶ֮ϵΣա
ڴϣԪߵ׷󣬶֮ϣԪɾ磬ҲֻһʼѣڸսϣҲûжԱܹ֮𵽵Ҳ΢΢ġ
ĪûйһʲôǣϯӦΪͻƵߵľ磬ԼǲӦȥϲһ¡


ٰ߰ʮ ֹһλ
ϯӦĪһֱǳչˣΪͻƵߵľ磬ĪȻӦȥϲһ¡
ϯӦΪͻƵʱҲûڣѾҶ֪ˣĪǰȥϲҲʲô⣬ΨһϯӦΪѾͻˣҪȥĻǾҪˣһʱ䣬֪Է᲻뿪ǡ
Уǰȥϲֿտյȥƺ̫ʣҪ͵ʲôĪӺҲûʲôܹô߸еݵĶ
˼ȥʵܹ͵ģҲЩ÷ˡ
ҲԼĵ֮жʱˣԼܹȥܻҪһЩӣᣬҲԽһϣǳȥ͸͸ɡ
ĪţͷԸСһڵ֮кúõҩ֮еҩԼ̤˵
һռѷ죬ĪӴǣһ˿ռѷ֮У˳ֵʱѾǿ֮Уˌǰ
ĪӺǳֵʱ򣬌ǰѾвٵĶݹ˸ˣƺһЩˣҪһЩڸǣԶһЩϢҲŌǸϡ
ĪĿɨһȦΧֻǹ˶̶̵һ࣬ΧѾָһЩľƯһЩʯ΢Сǳ
Щʯ΢СǳȻĸ֣㣬дϰģô̵ʱڣǿ֮иЩ΢Сǳʯ
⣬Щʯ΢СǳֲĵطҲܹһ㡣
ǣĪѸٵŌ£ͬʱĪѾоϣһǿϢڻ
Ϣˣûκε⣬ϯӦ
䵽ϣĪӴǣٵϯӦĵ⡣
ĪϯӦʱĽɾϵǿߣһЩѾһˡ
ЩǿڼĪӺ󣬲˶кĪҲϵĻ
ʶĽɾϵǿȻ֮࣬ǰսľٻܹһЩ׵ģ˴Ҳܹϻ
֮ǰһս֮ȡõսҲЩǿ߶ˡ
ûãĪӾͼϯӦ˿̵ϵϢոȻûй¶˿һЩϢȻܹĪӸϵߵѹȸС
ϲǰͻƽɾ磬ΪߣĪϯӦһȻЦ˵
ϯӦԣ΢Цŵ˵ͷҲûкĪӿʲôֱӿ˵ãǵóԸˣ⻹ܹҲҵһ׮Ըǰ̤ߵľ磬ĻҪΪߣһüʮ꣡
ϯӦ˵仰֮󣬽Ŀ⿴ĪǣȻڵĵǰɣȻǺøǣ֮ϲô̵ʱ䣬ΪѾɾڣҸҲʵ
˵һЩԲλӣ֮ǰڌϱϸ°ߣ˵ҵƤ·ģҾȻûз֣ϣʵЩԲסλӣ
ϯӦһ˵꣬һչбһѳѩһףɢһˮ֮ĵϡ
ҵһμ㣬ѽ͵ǸļҲǸѹѹϯӦһ˵ţһ߽еĳݵǵǰ
ϯӦͳķȻͨĻɫ¸СļҲһƷɱ
ǿŵݵǰĳȴû̾ͽ£ǽĿ⿴ĪӣĪӵͷ֮˫ֽѳӹȻ󹧹Ĵлֵֹķǳ
֮ϯӦҲûиĪʦͽģϲΪͻƵ˲٣ϲģǺмֽģȻÿһܵ
ǰϲҲǳļ򵥣ϯͣߵĹأ۵ϲˣᴫһЩԼͻƵľ顣
ǰϲϯӦλߵĿˣһЩ֮΢䣬Ȼֱ뿪ˣʣһû뿪ģǳᣬ˴۵Ҳǻഥͨ
ĪӲûѡ뿪ǺͼʶĽһ˵ҲʺйأǣһֱǰĪӵĪ˽ʱ򣬱ֵҲǷǳӮһֽɵĺøУ˼
ĪŵӻǺ󱲹ˣһѡû뿪ڸʦ߳ߣһȺǿ۵Ҳһ˼顣
Īڼ䣬ҲһЩ񣬶Щͬĺ󱲵ģ˼ȻԼĵӼ;Բⷽʧ
˴Լʱʱ䣬ϯӦǰϲˣһԼͻƴߵĵã֮е˶׷׵뿪ˣǰϲ飬Ҳôˡ
̷ǳƽڶǿ˵ѾһαȽѵõĽϾƽĽǿߣԶиԵҪæ˼ȽҪõѣܹһʱ伫٣ܹһλһ𣬱˴˽һ£ǱȽѵõ顣
뿪Ǻ󣬸ĪӺǷ֣Īƺû̻ص˼һֱǿ֮һǰϻŵЦ⡣
ʼʱǲûиеʲô⣬ֻǿ֮зһʱ֮ĪϵЦȻţǸеЩɻˡ
ƺע⵽ɻĿ⣬Īӻعͷ˵֮ϵʱ䲻ʱ䶼ǿպ;֮еҲ˽⣬ΪϯӦǰףصģѾˣҲŻȥΪʦȥһǿеһЩǳȻڵǿձ֮ǰҪտĶ࣬ҲһЩطֵһ
Īӻһ˵꣬ϵЦһЩǻܹĪɴһЩϲɫ
Ȼ֪ԼʦϲʲôȻĪûֱӸҲʣܹĶĪǲġ
Īʱȷڸˣе˵ԭΪڸղŶϯӦʾףصʱһһֱûг֣Ǿ̲
ΪϯӦĺѣ̲ͼһֱҪڴػҲҩһҩϣ̫ʲôʣʷ棬ĻǺܲġ
ΪϯӦѣǰףص£̲ûг֣Ⲣһʲôֵ̫飬ϯӦͻƴߵʱ򣬲ûԼͻƵ£ĪӾ;Щˡ
ǡ֪̲Ҳ׵ܹͻƴߵĽɣڸղźĽɽ֮УĪӵ֪һϢǾǾ̲֮ĵǮѾʼ֮ϵСģͨ
ʱͥбȽ϶࣬ͥҲʼһµĵǮˣʱڣµĵǮҪǺ֮ǰĵǮûҪȵĽ֮ǰгĵǮȫջȥ
Լ֪ϢϽõϢĪдžͲ뵽̲ûгֵԭ
ʮа˾ţͻƴߵˣһϯӦûѹԼͻƵԭҲͷǳýˣַʽĿⶼԼϣôҲע⵽Ĵʵֹһ


ٰ߰ʮ ɣϣ
ĪӴԭǴǿ֮Уúõһʱģȵǿ֮ʱʵʱȴ࣬һֻң˾»ص졣
֮ôͻˣҪԭĪЩ߹˸ǿյ޸
ԭǿ֮УССʯǳи΢Сǳֻͨʯʵģָǳ˵ˮ߻湹ɵģֻһűĲϡ
ǿ֮УЩǳ΢Сǳһַǳ˼ϸ̽ЩǳγɣܹлһЩ
ǿ֮УȻʯǳһŬѾָһЩȫǲᲢˣҲûЩǳܹ˹͡
ȻһЩ΢СǳʯƬͻصǿ֮У嶼иԵ˽ĵģЩǺˣǳ̺֮ĲϣȻˣͻǳŻô١
ЩǳʵҲָܹ壬ΪЩǳ׹ʱ򣬾Ѿע
ǿҪָǳľ̿»ҪܾãûĽ֮£ָģ
һԭƻڸ·ϵʱ䣬һӾûбҪˣĪԾֱӴǣͨռѷ죬ԼҪȥĵطǽʡ˴ʱ䡣
ǿ֮еҲؽһսõĺôϣ󲿷ǳϣҶæµ֮УĪӴȥֻܴԵĿһ
ˣµʱ䣬ǻ֮ȻоԼ˲ٵļʶ
ʵֹǣĪԼ岻ϳֵµĶҲид
սǾ鶼ϲĶһս֮󣬶չ̵Ӱ죬ȴҲǲݺӵġ
һս֮ȡ˲ջ£ǸܹʵһԾԵ
ĿǰʵǿʱʵĿڳ׵Ľջȫ֮ǰһʱ䡣
صԼĵ֮УĪӺҲٴλع鵽ƽһÿӹƽֳʵ
ƽֳʵ֮У˶ʱҲòУת֮䣬ʱȥˡ
һνж֮󣬲ûкһԼվĪӵԣĪְֻڳǷ
ϵĶûʲôΨһһЩ仯ģϵһѾдֵֽţļʮҳѾѻϰˣѾ
׫飬ڽϣĪԭԤڵҪһЩʱ䣬ԭĪΪԼ֮ò˶೤ʱ䣬׫ĵӦˣɽȴǵ뽫ԼдĸΪһʱȴƺԼдݻЩ
һֱڣֹȥʱ䣬Ī׫д˸ݣһܹβĸо
Դ֮ĸоĪ֪ҪɹˣǽŻվĪӵԣȴĪд
ϵıʣĪӿʼԼ֮ǰдµݣд
ＫطתתȡȣζȣΪ֪
Īֽдһ仰Ȼջ˱ʣĿǰֽƬ̣ƺϸԼдµһ䣬ǷǺʵ
˿̵ĪӣеĸоЩ΢ģһɵУͬʱҲһδĲʡ
Ī֪Լһ䲢ûʲô⣬ҲζţԼ׫Ĺһεĵȷȷβ
ͬҲԼ׫ĵûдﵽƾĳ̶ȣдݣĵһЩط覴ã̫ʼ̫ؾȵһЩ̫׵Դµġ׵ǻԶ
ֲ࣬еЩʣͬʱҲףֽ׶εԼܹһѾǼˣǿȥҲʲô
뵽˴ĪҲȻˣеıʷŵһԣĪһһһ
ȱܾƾΪȱĴڣŻ׷ʶϵĽ
һֲڵûκεһȱģȱһƽ⣬ͬʱҲǵһ֡
ʶĲȥ׷Żȥ׷γһΪ
֮ĪֽһԵıһѵĸ֮гһţԭдµļ仯Ϊޣ˼仰档
д⼸֮ĪٴεĽʷŵһԣζֹͣ޸ġ
һԿĪӵĶĪһνʷµһ̣ԵĸоĪϵϢ΢΢ͷųһЩ岻ɵһоһĪѹѹϡ
ţǿĪӵһӣһѶѷϵĸȫڿп
һϰŵĸʱ뻮һпÿһֽдÿһ֣·һ⣬һ㡣
һһ𣬾ͷ·ٸˣͬʱһЩֽϵݣеһ𣬷κε䣬ֻ̧ͷš
ĪӵĿҲһŵֽɨЩֽϵݣǺķʱ䣬ãһһϸĥղдɵġ
ЩݣĪɨһۣĲֻдֽϵһ仰лԼڵԼ֮·оܽᡣ
ĪĿɨÿһҳֽдһһ䣬ǳϸĶһ飬ûκεһš
֮ĪһЩƯǰֽţȫʼ·Ҫʧһ㣬ֽдЩ֣ȴΪֽűã
һҳҳֽţ׵ʧʱĪǰƯŵģֻʣдµЩ֣ȻڿУһһ䣬·𱻼һһԵǿţҲܹо
ƮڿеЩ֣ܿͬһ㣬ʼ䶯Լλã϶Ǿ֮ı䶯ֵı䶯
һԿĿתεעǰһУһڴ
Īӿʼ׫⼸꣬дµĸһﵽ˼֣Ȼÿһ䶼΢Դ壬ж̺һЩⲢеݶܹʹá
Ҫ׫һҲһҪô࣬һ㼸ǧӣȻʲô⣬ҪģЩظݣһֿǰ֮дľӣܹеһЩ˼ٽоǾٺòˡ
ĪģǽԼдµЩݣıд޳γԼĵ
׫һҲΪҪһѪվֳƷҪһˡ


ٰ߰ʮ ɣ£
ĪӽһٶȺܿ죬ǵġ
ﰲĿţѾܹĿЩеľ֮Уһ̶ֹѾС
֮棬ˮľ
һһ䣬̲סжƺȫסˣڵķʼٵתϵϢҲ΢΢ĲһЩ
ΪĪӵĵӣĪһѧûж˽ҶǣĪӼ˵ְֵĽ̵ġ
ǵһѧҲ˵ȫشĪӵ²Ī׫ĵӦܹģʵҲȷˡ
ڱʹⲿʱеĵչֵȷʱǾĪ֮ȻܵӰ죬еεסˡ
̺ĵϵĺӡ֤֮£еһЩɻ󲻶ϵĽ⿪ԭһЩ򣬱
ǾԼԺ֮У·һⲻϵǽ⿪һЩԼ⣬ԼûзֵһЩСϸڣҲЩ֮£Ӷķֺͽ⿪
ڵķڸٵת֮£ǵΧӵԭյٶȣ֮Уһ㳾ƫƫһзǳƽֻе·ޱƺ֮УΧ۹ǿֳܹһЩ
ʱûԼڷתֻжĪѾϵЩݣ𽥵ߣʼСжڣѾ˵֮еСռڣҲӵ֮д˳ȥ
ڵСռæµСһж̲סͷϵ飬Сռ֮̽ͷŴʱǺĪӡ
ǲŵ֣ʱѾ˲ٵУѾϵģʣµҲ֮УһСֵݣֱӱĪ޳ˣһֵݱѹ˼ܸޣϸϸƷ֮£ӦܹĶ
ոմСռ֮̽ԴСһܿͱжȻЩǵʲôжСһе̲סҪȥ̽е˼
ǵԽԽԶΧĪӵĵиԶĵطŵݵĪӣǽһɫĹââǳҫۣݵ˵֮⣬ڵϿգԻһ
ǵҲʱͻȻͣסˣΪˣǰܹģһƬޱˮ
Ƭޱˮ룬һŲ̫ߴֻҵĸ߶ȣĪھ֮¡
һ֣Ǵ֮УԵһЩǽţĻ֣ڤڤ֮һ𣬽Ÿղжʼжֽ֮С
ͬʱĪӵĵϿգһһģһӰɫĹâԻһƬޱˮһһĵˡ
һ棬˸ԶĵطĪΧЩеˣ˲䷢
ȷֵģȻĪӵھӣͬΪﵽ˽ɾ
վԼĵڣһ۾ϳǻ֮УǿµˣԼھĪӡ
ǣڱ׫ԼĵǷ棬˵֮Щ̫ȷ
ΪһλɾǿߣԳƵǼʶ㣬Ͼһλޣ֮ǰ˵˱׫ɹʱ򣬻һЩ󣬵ûۼҲȷԼǰľǲǡ
ĿעУǻ֮µˣĴվִժһƬҶӣȻ𣬴Աߵޱˮ֮ҨһЩˮ佽Ե¡
֮ĵְһӣĵִһؿ֦׵һԣȻҶҨһЩˮ
һΣԵƺۿɼٶȣ΢΢ϳһأղŸ˲١
ţĪص˴£ָ˰ȻּҨˮĶм仹һЩ顣
Щ飬ڶƽƽģǻ֮ĪӵĶȴһֻȻɵĸоһһ͸¶һȻζ
ôƽƽĶȴĪΧЩ֮еˣȫĿתؿŻ֮еĪӣͬʱҲŶߴ
֮еһˣΪֻɾ磬ǱȽϵ͵ģ֪ô¡
ֻҪ֪ǰ飬ǵһ׮ԵѾˡ
ǻ֮УĪӵĶԵǿҲڲϵķı仯ʼʱڲϵĳߣʮҵʱͲټˣϿһЩ
ڻһֻ̣õĻ棬ֻ㣬ȴ·ʵһ㣬ܿˣһŵƢĻʵоɾҲˡ
ЩΪһЩˣŵɻͬʱоʶ·øˣ϶ѹлһЩ⣬·ʱӭжˣڵķתٶҲӿˡ
һλƿɣ͸оԼƿʼɶʱȴþˣ֪üǰ棬ԿԼܷͻơ
оʱǻϵĻȴѾˣǹƢĻ㣬ȻҲ֮ʧ
֮󣬽ţǿϾ͹һЩʵֻССģôۣܿһʵĸͷʹǹʵӣһöö÷
ĪӻǼŸղŵĶͷ·ڵ԰һ㣬ϵţֻȴջ
Ͷܿ˻رһöö÷ٵĳˣ˵Ĺ㣬ҲõĻ֮Уݵÿһ˵ıǼ⣬òٵ˶Щڳ
ʱ򣬻֮еĪӣֱ̧ۣǿùϣժһö÷
Īӽö÷еʱǰõĻ˲ʧֻʣһӲӵ֣ͻȻ֮̿
Ӹղžһֱжеݣһһ䣬ӳΧ˵ͷ
ԼһӵĹǽӲӵ֣شӿʧˣҲʱڳš
ڵ֮ǣʱŻѹΧЩˣǸղſĻҪһЩ
Īժö÷֮ĹʵһööĹʵһ֣ȫĪӵС
е֣Īӵл۳һᣬ᳹ɵһ̣һɫĹһֱɢ䵽˵ϷǸղ̿Щ֡
һеĹâĪӾվǵǰϺЦͷԼһĵ
ؿǾдĸ֡÷


ٰ߰ʮ ȡ
÷
еһĪ֣˿̵ȴޱȵƽ
еһʱ䣬д˼΢Դľӣ˵һһ䶼Ǿֽ֮ϣڸոճ֮ǰһЩӽ˺ϲɾ
ԭĪΪⲿʱԼоһ˿ɵĽⲿУȴû˿˼ͬʱֻʣһƽ
еһĪӸоǶԼ֮·ϵһܽᣬҲ˵ֻһµĵǶĪԼ˵ǾԼܽᣬڵ֪⣬Ҳ֮·ߵʱյĳɹ
ͨ׫ⲿĪӶԼδĵ·ҲøˣԼ·ӦôߣҲ֪Լδ׷ĵǰķ򾿾ںη
ӹϲʦ˵ı׫վĪԵʱعĪ΢΢һͬʱ¶˸ɾʵЦݡ
ȻǵΪĪҪԶΪһλɣͬҲף˵ı׫壬ԼĪӺĺô
ĶҲ˵˵ǰʵʵĺôǾĪΪ
֮ľôĪϵϢڵ׫֮Ǹоķǳ
֪ԼʦΪһ粽ʽΪĽһǰģȻûеɾڣǸ磬ǿһء
ֻǷǰĺôⲿ֮ĪӶԼĵ·ʣΪҲǳĿ죬ɾھԲ̫ңԶˡ
Ī˵ԱȽԵĺôЩɶ˵ⲿĵͬôģ÷۵ˡ
Ϊ÷۵ĵӣźĪһеĹĪ׫ĵǵȻܹˣҺ״һЩ
ⲿ֮÷۵ĴУҲøȹ̣÷۵Ĳ֮٣ҲڿԼĶݣһЩſ롣
ڣⲿ֮Ҳ᳹׵ļ֮ϵӸϽе
֮ⲿĵνǺô࣬ͨߣҲǶһܹľ䡣
Īеĵߵǵ˵ͷȻע⵽ϵı仯
ԭΪոͻɾڲõǣĪⲿ׫ĹУõĺôǳĪӱģϵϢͬһأɾѾˣĻھͿͻɾˡ
˵ûʲôûܵ˿Ӱ죬ֻܳƵһλԵֻԵһΪǿʦĸˡ
ǣǱߴСռ֮ðͷСһƺҲõһЩôľ֮ϣ΢΢ķһЩ仯Ӧźõķ仯ġ
ĪӽеĵһԭֻһĵĪ̱
еһݸǰǣĪӶ˵ȥɣеݣ˵Ӧ÷ǳãΪﵽɾ֮ǰʱóƷ
ԣؽӹĪӵĵȻһ񣬱ת뿪ˡ
Īӱ׫ʱʱո̫𲻾ʱڣʱѾ磬м俴Ʋʱ䣬ʵҲѾǼʱˡ
ȻѾ֪˵ݣǻٿ׫ɵĵеݺԼ֮ǰģ᲻ʲô죬ߣ̺ĵҲǴֶһ飬ܹȫġ
ºĪԼҲеĵһʯͷϣʼͷβϸĶ
ԼĶԼ׫ĵĪ˵һ飬Ī֪ܴܲԼ׫ĵ֮УһЩʲô
ȻĪӺʧģΪ֮еݣԴģ˿ܴӵУһЩĪԭ˼ĶĪӺԼȴһ㡣
ʱһתۣѾ˵ڶϣһпʼһΣЩͬǣǽݣĪӸոձ׫ɵġ÷
ǵжĪĪĸоһ˿죬Ҳû̫⣬һ׵һĬĬķ
ڲͬĽ׶ΣͬһĿⶼ᲻̫һлõĸҲ᲻ͬ
Īɵı׫֮ǰĵоֻʣһЩοãԼĵ֮ĪȴͻȻãܹЩ֮УƷһЩµĶ
ҲƷЩµݣѾԭ֮ҪˣˣǾջ
һκܿͽˣν֮׼ԼʱĪȴǷԸ
ȥһ£Щɣ
ǣĪӵķԸӦһȻתŵȥ
ʱ˽ʱȴѾ˲ٵˣΪɾ磬Ҳɡ
ЩڼĪ֮Īӹһ
Īǰ˵
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˵Щ˵⣬ĪҲǳ˵ʲô¡
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Щ꣬ʵЩģԭڵ⴦ط֮УֻһСطΧˣ඼ΪôߵģΨһȽģҪΪ޵ˡ
ԴĪ֮󣬸տʼʱûʲôһлǺһķƽ˾ɵ˺ĪΪͱԽԽߣǳΪ˽ɾǿߡ
ҲĪӣҲΪ˽ɾǿߡ
ΧͻȻɾǿھӣЩΧˣȻ֪ܶûʲô⻹ǸеЩѹġ
˼ۣɾ֮еһ˱ֱǰһڵҵȽǰݷĪǰĿǹϲǰ׫һȡǰ׫ĵϣǰܹȫ
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һµĵҪȥģôĺôǲͬ˶ڵĸˡ
ͬһڲͬ˵УԷͬĸڤڤ֮УٽⲿĽһƣԣȡһ׫ġ
ĪӵȻҲЩģȡԼġ÷һΣбָÿһߡ


ٰ߰ʮ ƹ
ĪӸĵЩǰˣ϶¶ϲɫȻղ˵λɸǴͷĪһ񣬿˵
лǰȫ
֮ʣЩˣҲͬʱĪһ
Щ˵ĪֻǺЦ΢΢ͷؽǵ֮Щ˾ͷǳʶȤ뿪ˡ
ȵЩ뿪֮ЩỊ̄ղЩ뿪֮ǰɫ֮ΪʲôԵôˡ
ȡһô֮ǰѾлˣҲӦñֵ˸ˣԣǾЩ֮ǰô˵ı֣ӦԼԭ
ǵʻĪҲûʲôֱӾ͸𰸡
֮ߵʱôˣȻΪ˽ĽĪӶ˵

֣ǶʱһƺһӾһЩ
Ϊ˽һһµĵĵı׫ߣѡ񣬵һѡ񲢲⴫ⲿڶǽⲿ֮дѡȫƾԸ޷档
ѡ⴫ˣԼƣ׼ΪŴ֮ãЩضࡣЩˣڽ֮һһνҴڵ֮еݣ
ղȡΪʦǣʹţΪʦҪ÷ôٲҪһνЩ˶Ǹھӣˮ¥̨ҪʱȻܹϵԲŻ˸ˣ
ĪӽеԭǣŻȻصͷ
ܹһλǿ߽⵱Ȼһֵÿĵ飬ǶЩɢ޳˵һλԵ
ʦʱĪӵĽ֮ͻȻʵ
֮Ϻ󣬻ûλǰ˽أΨһһλᣬȴ°ˣҲ֪˽һ飿
ȵһȰɣڽ֮ǰΪʦȻҪѵƹȥĪԣЦſ˵
Ϊ˽ɾ磬ʸʼˣĪΪ˽ɾ֮󣬻ûгԹ˽ԼĵҲûС
˵ȷҲһȫµ飬Ҳżʼȵһʱ䣬Լ÷ȥȻٿʲôʱʼɣ
δԼġ÷ĪѾǺˣҪķǳ򵥣ڴϣֻҪѡ÷÷ۣٸһͲҪԼˣȻȻĻⲿ
Ǳߣһ취ⲿٶڣܱϿɣһţԽᣬ̧ŵ
ϾһλɾʦһС˵ѾǷǳӲĺ̨ˡ
˵֮ϴǾ͸ӼˣֻҪֱȥһͥԼġ÷ȥһԼͲùˣȻͥ˰Լƹ㡣
˵ƹЧΣǾҪⲿ÷ܹõ˵Ͽˡ
뵽ĪӾ̶ȥһ˴ϣԼĵţ˳ҲȥԴϴǼ֮󣬴Щʲô仯
뵽ĪְĿתǣʵΪʦشȥҪҪһȥ
Īӵ仰̵˵ͷ֮ϼˣܹȥĻȻȥʦǣ
֮кܶˣôãȴûмʶģÿǳļ򵥣Ҫ֮ϵʵϲɽʱ򣬺ĪһһǿҵĹС
ѾЩɽϵ÷ˣкüûгʵ÷ˡ
ԸСһңĪӴ˵󷨷ʹһͨռѷص˴ϡ
ӿռѷ֮߳һɲǣĪӾоϵŨȣ˺ö࣬ͬʱڿ֮УһЩǳ֮
Ǵǳ׹䣬ϵȷ˲СӰ죬ҲȫǻӰ죡оŨȵı仯Īвɵ
ԵǣĪ˲ͻصӰأɽǰ
һĪַ˺ܴĲͬɽɽȻƯżöɫĹţƾĪӵȻһ۾ܹǼɫĹڲһööǺˡ
һŨǳ֮Щɢϵû뵽·ɽϣɽϵøӳԣ
ɽΧ˼ɽ壬˵ɽ壬˵ǳƬһ̺һЩĵǳƬ
ǰһĻĪӣм̾ǰЩûĻͷǼǺˣΧͬɽһʯƬԾһֱʡ
ڿһʵΪͬʱҲռһЩԴĪ۽оڼá
ǼöǺ˾Ͳ˵ˣԱߵǼɽ壬ʵЩۣ̺ĲϣҲļĶֵʵڲôߡ
Ȼýɾ۹⣬ϵţʵҲ̫ڴϵ˵⼸ɽ壬ȷһӴĲƸ
ĪֱӴǴ󷨣ɽУܿͼе÷µڡ
ڣͻȻ֮о죬ѸٵɨһۣȻĪӺĿʱͱһ飬Ȼ÷µϴ
䵽֮ϸԼ۾ȻСش˹ϸϸĴһĪӺǣ̽ſڵ
ʦʦ֣𣿡
ˣӣĪֱһ£ͬʱ˵أ
Ҿģҵַܹʦ˼ңڨЦԼԴȻĿתһԵǡ
ʦ֣һŵٹʮ꣬Ҷɹ֣ΪԪ֮ټ㣬û뵽ô㾹Ȼͻˣ
ڵĻֻ¶˸ɾʵЦݣȻ˵һ䣬ʦܣþòˣ
Ҳûãˣʦλʲô飬ܹ೤ʱ䣬ҪҪҰʦܽйһ˵ţ˻ɽϵҪһй
ţλжҪǣȰйɣĪѾߵ÷µϣǳȥȻ˵
üûлˣ÷Ī
÷Īӷ֣÷Լһ뿪ʱ򣬾Ȼ˲٣Ʒʼɲ֮УѾǲˡ
ԭٶȣԲôﵽһֻ÷ĻԵ
ʱɽϵ÷УڿĪӺ֮Ҳ¶˾ϲɫһ
ӶߣĪûʲôӣֱó÷ݸˡ
ûĪ˵ڿбϵֵʱ˾ѾףĪӸǵʲôˡ


ٰ߰ʮ ع
ô˵÷֮Գɳô죬Ҫʦ˼ҵĹͣվ÷ԣĪӸ÷Ե˵
ȷ÷ʦ˼ҵֶͨΣһԿ϶ĵͷ
ʦ˼оͨѾɹˣЧҪԤڵĸǿĪԣ˵
صɽĵ죬Ҳǵ˽죬ĪӲ»ص÷ԡ
Īӻصɽĵһ죬÷ں֮󣬸Īӽܣ˾֪еʲôˡ
ĪԼ׫ĵɣΪĪ֮⣬˽һ÷ʷǳСĪԽеģǾԽǳСĸĨɱˡ
ھټ÷еĵӣ÷ԼĵϢ÷۵еӣͬʱҲе˵ӣлһĪӡ
ԴˣĪҲû˵˺ڴ¶棬ԼΪ÷۵Ŀ֮һԼ˺󱲣ҲûʲôԼһǿߣֲǼˡ
Ǻص÷۵ĵһ죬ĪӾ÷۵ӵհ֮жɹˡ
ʵĵӣҲǵһμĪˣһĪϴλʱĪӾѾˡ
ֻЩȥ÷ֶһЩӺ͵ͯЩûôĪӣ˵֮еʦиеֵĺ;
ĪӳʵҲȥٵͷˣݴϣȻŲٹĴ˵Ұ÷۵ʢĪӵйصĴ˵ҲԽԽЩŵ˵ӣвپĪӵĴ˵ġ
οĪһģ֮ǰ÷۵Ĺɿûм꣬˶
ЩӾĿ⣬ĪҲòóһʦȣÿһλ˵ӵҶָ䣬Щ꣬һʱҲ͹ȥˡ
ȵڶʱĪӾ̻һºӹ壬ȥ˼еĸĸ
ʱ䲻ĪӸٵĵҩ£ӿǷǳӲʣֻͷȴ˼ư׷Ҳһƣƺûǰôˡ
Ī֮󣬶Ե÷ǳľϲĪ˵˲ٵ飬һЩҳ̵ݡ
˵һλˣһλͬˣȽѾˣ˭˭˭ԴѾҪʱ޶֮࣬һǰֱˣҲ߶˼䡣
ĪЩʵףĸ֮˵ЩʵЩįˡ
ڵҩİ£Īɽ򸾵ӳˣȻʵѾˣĻҲֻ˵ѣ廹ǺӲʵġ
ֻСɽ֮УЩͬһһһϤĶ仯веЩ¼š
ܾǻóһַհɣȥӴʵֻƫһĻ֮£ϤĶʧµĶòϤܻį
ĪɽʵõģΪΧʼջһЩϤĶŮȻûߣǶ֪ŮúܺãĪӣѾ֮еˣĪĪżҲһʱ򣬻ǵӺ
ӰУһ÷ۣǶϤÿ֮ʣٲҪһˣڵԸڶϵǰǷǳԵÿġ
˵ЩʱĪע⵽ĸľһӾͺ˺ܶ࣬ϵЦݸֹסġ
Īڼдһʱ䣬Ÿĸúõ˵˵˽룬Ҳ΢˵һЩԼ飬ղ뿪
ڼ䣬ĪҲһ䣬߸ĸоЩ¼ŵĻȥĪࡢĪ￴ҲǾТģҪܹλ˽ӴһЩµĶһ־ľ뵡
ĪɽȻĪӵЩ⶯ջѡ˾ܾһӶûô뿪ӰأȻ֪ԼвٵӿɻȻ뿪Χһжڱ仯վϤ
Լ£Īջ˸÷֣ߵ£ʾڿ뿪ˣ
ĪϣЦЦȻʶȤľ뿪ˡ
˵Ī뿪֮ξˣԼʦˣôȻó
˵ˣĪҲռ̫ãΪһˣ֮ϲĪӸڵĵطһûʲôĻЩҲڴ̫ʱ䡣
뿪ĪӾֱϣ۾ǳĿա
ǱߣѾһλӣһ÷˹ȥûһЩʱ䣬͵ɵС
²ҪĪٹˣµĵӾܹ͵޷ԵĻһʱ䡣
ĿЩĿգĪԺ֮ȴʼ˼
֮ǰĪӾѾ֪ǳ׹䵽ϣһϴ޴Ӱ죬Ļص֮󣬲Ӱ쵽׻ж
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˵ǳ֮ڴﵽ˾֮ƺֻϡƽѣڴϣǳ֮þǺܴģǶЩȽϵ͵˵
ССһӰأܹ֮ôߣΪĪõ󷨣Ȼÿͷųһεǳ֮úܶɢ޶ܵӰ
ǳ֮Ҳ֮УʱܹǱĬɣȻЩȽϵ͵о޴ĺô
Ī֮Уÿ굮ˣܻ΢һЩЩµĺͯǵʿҲ΢һЩӰ֮£δһʱ䣬ӦûֲٵţΪһʱŪ
ΪЩǳ׹ԭһЩ̺ǳ֮е䵽˴ϸһʱУЩɢ޵ҲвٿƷǵҩĲϡ
ȻⲢ˵Щɢ޾ܹ˶ˣֻ˵ǵӻùһʱ䣬Ͼǳ׹ʱ򣬻ôģǸźͻʳ
˵ǿŴ׹֮ʱˡڴϵǿߣͬһʱ֣ǿŴǻ飬ȻǿŴƬû֮ǰѾбȽϴˡ
ǼµǣҲǸŵĸ֣ԼʳĹסģ̺ϣҲȻˡ
֮Щ΢СǳʯƬбȽģиСŵĹϷ֣ʣµı߽߱ǽǣɢܹõĶ
ܹ֮ջ٣ôջģЩʵѾջˡ
ǳ׹䣬Ÿֳ֣ҲһЩ©һЩʯǳ䵽ϣմֻ
Ⱥ׹֮ʱݶЩʧʧļݣȫͿ̿һȽƫԶݸǱΪƽأڲԼǧ֮ޡ
뵽ĪԭЩĿУһâ


߰پʮ ӭ
÷벻һСųʿ̶̰ʱ䣬ȻΪ˽ǿߣһ׫һ˵ĪӣŴγϣ
ʳ֮Уһһ߷ҳһС˵
ڴ֮Уֻһһź仰߽֮ͷ͵ģ¶ЩĵЦݣȻͬЩĵ˵
λ˵ȷ˵Ҳ˻ʱµľʶܹΪ˻ʱµľʶҲض׿ܹ֮˳ɾͣ
ֵЩĵߣ˵ǱȽˮƽģûȥĪ̧˻ʣͨ佱Īӣ̧˫Ҳǳס
ϾҲ֪˻УĪӾһĵλԷ͹ΪһλɣҲԲССܹ۵ġ
λߵĻŤͷһۣĵЦݣջԼĿ⣬еĵ
ߵ֣ⷬȻֺ֪Լһ˾ֺԼ˵ȴǸоġ
Ϊʳĵλ˻ʣûİҲûĴͺķӵףҲӵĺƣùȫ档
˻ʣʳҪģЩʵϣҲܿ˻ʵúְܳ
ǣеʱ̫ȫ棬ʵһǳ۵飬λϵʱˣ͸ΪЩеķ
еʱж룬ԼΪʲôԼĸʺͻʵһʲôʲôҪȫ棬ֻҪﵽԼĿľ͹ˡ
ÿͷʱʵף˺վǲͬģŲͬԸ·ȥѧͣʵҲѧûֺܺʹϻۣҲûܹѹİʵܹѡľƽ⡣
ƽĹ֮УԼһЩίͲãҲֻԴһֺԼߺѹԼУ޷ŽȥĿƣƺŵõһĻ⡣
Ҳ֪ߵߣЩ֮⣬ʵһ㣬һڣȷò١
ҲԽԽףΪʲôڵڶʳʱЩ˻ʻó֮ôļ鳼Ҳǲ֪Щ˲ʲôι֮ɼܲסЩ˸ֵӭȷ˻ʸеˡ
евϵĴĦеݣڵĵеͬһЩϸƷĻеȻʵĸо
һԵȺ˺ܾãһֱеһĵĩβ̽ſ˵
˵λɳʱԼ֮У˻ʱһĻ¿ȥţλɳͨһ£
ˣλĪҵûжõĽ飬ҲͲ˼ˣһλɾǿߣµĿܼ֮ģҪ֤㹻أԣһ߽еĵϣһ߿˵
仰˵֮ͻȻ룬Ȼλ߷Ըȥ˶ӡһЩ÷ڻʳҲǹ°ƹһ£
ף˻ʱ࣡ԣһȻ󻹲һƨ
ȥɣ˰֣ʾ뿪ȵԷ뿪֮΢΢ҡҡͷ˵һ䡣
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һӭˣԼƨܹò٣Ҳ߲ûʲôһЩС¿Խȥ죬ڴˡ
Ŀ䵽ǽϹŵĻУһۣջĿ⣬ϵġ÷Լʱ䣬ͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣֽ÷һԣһ£ʼ
һͻȻһָоĪ֣ԼպܻΣҪټĪӣ¾ҪȺܾˡ
÷УĪʱ÷£һɫĿǰ֮ˣŶԷ˵ͻȻţЩⰡ֪кҪ£
ĪӶģһʱ䲻Īȫû뵽ԼŸոջصʮʱ䣬ԷȻͻȻš
ʵ˵Īһ㶼ԵĻ֮䶨֮ǰĪӶϣ֮䲻ټ棬ȻϣѾˣھǰ
Īô˵ɫ糣ֻǶǰľƱһڱ֮ƣſĪ˵㣬Ȼ£
ǻԣĪһı飬˵
ȻǼȻѾˣҲܽԷϣǾԷĿģĪҲһ룬ԼӦӦԡ
ĪӵĻûֱӿ˵ԼĿģǸĪ˵ڤ֮еľơ
Դһս֮ڤеǰһʱ䣬û̫ãٴηĦֻǹģȽСҪ̽ǣΪĿġ
ʱ䣬һ飬һ˼Ͼڤ֮飬ʵǿһǾҪˣ
ƷչȥҪ˶ãڤ֮еֻص֮ǰ־棬һ飬Ըһ顣
˵ͣһ£ûм˵
ĪӼ״㿪̽ʵ˼ѵܹæ
Īôʣҡҡͷ˵֮ĳ䶨嶼ܹİ취Ψи߿һΪ컯棬֮⣬Ҫ֮ûпܡ
֮ǰոշдµġ÷Ϊ̣֮
ˣĪǫѷ˵һ
ܹдһڵ򣬵ȷԼĶ֮Ѿľ磡Ī˵
ĪĿ佱ôһˣϾһλߵͬɸ֮࣬ĪӾ͸еɻˣ˵ô࣬ûбԼĿģҲûдĻԷ̫Ǳڵ˼
Ψһľһ䣬ǳ䶨֮΢ܹƷһ˼ŵѽ鶼ҪǸ컯λá
֮еߵԶĵȻǹˣĻۣл챮ܹ뷷飬ξҵλһƷ顣
Ѿˣλ֪ٵʱ֮⣬ûǱصĴߣǾûпˣ
֮е񣬳ʱѾˣɵڣǹ»ǹʣûпһİ취Թ½ˣ
˵꣬ĿƵؿĪӣƺŸĪκεı仯
˵ЦˣҾΪﵽ˽ɾ磬ڵǰһѣôܹ֪οһİ취ĪĻֱһ̯֣Цŷһ䡣
ĪӶԼ֪֮һɣָһλߣԼû
Ȼ˵仰֮Ŀעû˿ĶҡƺҪĪԼġ


߰پʮһ 
ڵĪ֪ǷǳѯԼҲΪԼԻ֪Ϊ컯һܡ
Ī벻ͨΪʲôôΪһλ߻ΪƾֻǸоʵҲܹ˵һЩ⡣
¶ġ÷пȡ֮дġȷɾع桯һ䣬идԺϺ֮ҲΪˣ²ŻͻȻģĪӣǳƽ˵
û뵽дµĵܹõãʵҲʤϲɾһѣʵΪĪҡҡͷ˵
Īʼ˵ĻشûиеʧȻصΪĪӣ֮ǰʵѾ޷Īõ𰸵׼һβУӦܻջġ
һֱûʲôͷòôһоȻܹŹ
ϵľƱٴһڣȻż˵
޷Ҳû׾ܴõ𰸣Ҳֻǿѣͺ͹˵˵ŵλϣҪɾ컯棬ɣ
ǰҷŵλϣ⡭Ī仰΢΢
ֻǷһԼĿĻҲδɵģôԷˣ˵ʲôԷҲ׵뿪֮пܻš
ֻǣĪӾ˵ʲô컯磬ʵ̫ˣһ鷢֮ǰҪľ˽ѽûгֵ˽⣬Ī°Լ뵽λãҲ֪η
˼˴Ī˫ͻȻ΢΢һǰʵʵ컯磬ʹ֮Ĳൽж󣬵׺Ϊ컯
ȻĿĪӾᣬҲ˽һ£컯棬һľ磬ҲΪպԼͻһصʱһЩ׼
ĪӲ֪ԼҪãܽӴյ컯磬ţԼҲһأ컯ľ磬ڿʼԼ˽һ¡
ĪӵķʣϵĶͣһ£Ȼ΢΢ҡҡͷĪ˵Ϊ컯ǰĹ»ش𣬿һشһЩݣĹشֻܻشһ䣬֪
˵仰֮һԵľƺԼһƣȻû˵Īӣڵ
صһֻλ컯棬̫λ컯棬ڳֵʱѾ컯ˣ֮֮Уﵽ컯ģҲֻ̫̫͡һλ棡
ص˵ķ٣˶̫֮ͨ˺ܶ컯ֶ֮һ
ڳɾʹߵľ֮ǰ컯⣬Ǽ򵥵ͨĸֶѣڳɾ˴񣬺һЩǿ߽֮󣬹·֣ʵ²֪Ϊ컯Ҫ⣬޷ش㣬ֻ컯磬ܻش⡣
˵һ仰ùһֱ£Ҳ԰仰𰸣
ͽ̣Īʵ
˵֮Ϊ컯ֱӰ𰸸˳ֻ˵仰ʱԵķŻһЩҲԵñȽϵͳ仰ĪӵĶУһֱζ
֮Ϊ컯Ī߶һ仰ͨһ仰ϵ˼Ѿ΢˵컯һֺεȵľ硣
еߣ˵ߣܹ컯֮Ϊ֮ⲻڸһߣѾõˡ
ϸ˼Ƭ̣мĵûдţȴĪԼڡ
˴ԼʮĹĪŻĿڵΪǳδľ磬컯ûаֵ˽⣬ȻңҾͷһЩǳǶڵаãûʲôֻҺɣ
Ī˵Щ֮ͷеľƱٴĿƵؿĪӣȴĪӿڡ
Ī΢֯һԼԣȻ󿪿˵ĹؼλȨȣ֮УƷױȽϵ͵ԣǲɻȱĶɶλﵽƷϵ飬ҪԾûôˡ
Щ飬Ȩӵ֮ʹûҪԶ˵ܲǱĶ
ҽԼλϣʱҪͻ컯磬ôעص㣬ܾλȨ֮ˣ
Ī˵ʵѾһ˿ͬˡ
ÿһƷϵ飬ԶĽͣĪ˵飬ǴûҪ飬֮бȨȫ֮
Ī˵ͬģʣߣΪġ
ӰڴҵǰԴҶףҪΪ컯һҪһ㣬λȨ
ҷ飬ҿλȨʵǲɷָĶ鲽һ𣬾ѾȡλͬʱӦȨȨܹӳǾҪȡλˣ
λʹΪĸߵͣΪһƷ飬ȻӵŴߵʵǵܹٽλȻܹΪ컯棬ȻֻǴȷѡ
Īӻ˵Լͣһ£һɫԷĿ糣ĿԼһϸģĪҲͷļ˵ˡ
ֱӴλ֣ɹĿӦ΢΢ģΪͬڽΪ컯磬ǳɾ컯Ľǳɾ컯ķôһĹؼӦþҪ䵽Ȩˣ
ɾ֮ÿһ鶼ӦȨͨʹȨӶ츣ĳ̶ֳ˵ƶعתһЩʱȨΥعתġ
ͱ˵ׯҪһܹɣ֮£ȴܹڶʱھջЩΥع򣬵Ȼô˵ЩǣǿΪһ£ûˣǴʱҲԭ򣬱˵ĳ֮ġ
ΪͻƵɾ֮Ҳ֪ǿĵҪƳ³µģͬҲعݻ
ͬĵǵһȨǲ˽⣬ϸĲȨĸȨΪ飬ǷúȨ
ĪһԼܹ뵽˵˳Ҳ֪Լ˵ǲãԷȻԼõһ𰸣ô뵽ģԼ˵ɣ
ĪӵĻĬƬ̣ƺϸĪ˵Ļݣ˼֮վͬҲվĪӣ΢΢ĵͷ
лˣ
һлֱ֮Ӿת뿪ˣûиĪӣղ˵һѻ׶ûа


߰پʮ 
ĵһ⣬רĪһӦĪش⣬ȻҲ֪ûջ񣬾ôת뿪ˡ
뿪Īӻص÷£Ȼϸ˼
ĿӦǱȽϵģԷͲô׵뿪ˣʼգû˵ʲôܹԼֵĻ˵ݣǺĿйصģʵĪġ
Է˵֮ҪĻǾҪȵһг䶨һλµ컯浮
նԷ˵⻹ҪһЩʱ䣬Ϊλߣڼûҵһķ
Լһ⣬ĪҲ֪ԲԣվĪӵĽǶϣȷġ
ȨλͬΪӾƷһƷ߲ͬĲζӦһƷ֮ϣȻ컯ľˡ
ﵽһͺ׷Լĵһ㣬ص㵱ȻӦ÷ȨϣһĪӸղû˵ǾĿ
Īֻ˵ƷϣûôҪˣⲢһͲҪǡǡ෴ĪӾӦǱȽҪġ
ֱ֮Ըͬ
һ飬˵뷷֮£ŲȨ𲻵ܹܳΪǵͬʱҲŶʹȨһͬ
飬ҲȨʹһ̶ȣͬӦɾ컯ȷ;
ЩĪӸղû˵һΪֻĲ²⣬ȷǲȷһ棬ĪӲڤеĶôǣϡ
ʶʼ֮ļΪһЩ飬ĪǰΪȽϵͣʱ򣬻ڱȽϱľ£˽ɣȻΪɲԷ֮ǰȴһЩ
µķĪԼĲĸһгԵģϸովһѲãӭչĺʱʱһЩ¶˵ĺá
˵ˣĪӰԼĲȫҲҪԼȨŶԡ
ȥĪҲһЩȥ⣬ԭżڴͣ죬ȻգټѺһЩϤĵѣȴû˼ˡ
ǾȥɣȻȥһͥ÷ȥſһ½飡Īϣ
ԭ뵽ȥհ׺ԼʦȥѪҹؼĺ͹ͼȥĪࡢĪˣĪӾãǰѼһΰɡ
ĪͻȻҪ뿪ҲȫΪĹϵһܴԭʵĪԭ
˵ı׫ĪѾԵĸоԼɾڣѾǳĿˣҪȥ׼һ£Լ֮ǰΪܷ̤뵽ɵľڡ
뵽ĪֱӴɽϵǣȻڵ˵һ׼뿪ˡ
ʦ˼пյʱ򣬼ǵþòЩģҲǧҪǿֱûǾˣʡ÷ŵĵռط֪ĪҪߣϲû˿ĲᣬǺƤҪ˶
֪ԼʦΪѾﵽ˽ɾ磬Ҫصϣֻһ֮飬ھͲĪ뿪Ƕˡ
ϴҲûȥãĪܹȥҪǲʱˣʲôҪá
ĪûĿһۣûֱӽĿŵһԵϣļȻʹת̧˿ռѷ֮С
ص֮ĪӼǣֱǰͥԼġ÷ȥȻʱ䣬ĪӹԼġ÷ѾˣӦߵ̻Ҫһ£ҴĵҲֻһЩ˵ͨ˿ɻûõ
֮ͥУԼȥĴĪǰ֮󣬾;ֱ˲Ƹ֮ͨ󣬽̲ĵ
̲֮ĪӾͲɵüͷΪ̲ϵϢȻǽɾ磬֮ǰ²Щ
̲ĪһƣȻЦʵô֮һüչӣѵʲôԾ𣿡
ûУֻ֮ǰϯӦǰͻƳΪߣҲ²ǰӦҲ̤˴ߵľ磬ƺҲ´ˣĪԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ĪӵĻ̲ҲЦûнĪӵĻֱӽĪӵϡ
Ϊǽĺܿ죬Ѿӽɾˣܹٶȵģ޼׫ǲ÷Ĳ̫ľ֮⣬廹ûжٵܹȵϣ
ǰˣĪ΢Ц˵ͬʱ˵ʱɻϸĴ̲
Ȼ̲ϱֳϢɻͣڽɾ磬ĪӻǾã̲ӦѾΪ˴ߣԼ֮ǰƲ⣬Ǵ̫ˡ
׼ʲôʱ򽲵ʱ˵ҲҪȥܷͨĽҾܹ뵽ߵľˣ̲ע⵽ĪӴĿ⣬Ҳ³Īӵ˼ɵ˵
ǰ˵ЦˣŴԣĪӾעûĿ̲
ϯӦһվһڽɺҲͣ˺ܳʱˣΪͻƴߣ׼ʱҳܹһҲӦõġĪĿָ̲֮˵ϯӦ
ΪͻƵ˴߾磬ȴǿ֮вˣɻڌǣ˳㿴Ǽǳпյʱȥǿ
ٶȣܴܿﵽɾڣ֮ǽɾˣһͻƴߵľ飡
ףãǰӦҲܽң仰֮Ī̲ס̽˵һ䡣
仰˵ֻ̲꣬ǿЦĪȻ޷жϣ̲ǲԼΪ
΢һĪ׼ˣ̲߳һ̣ĪӽŲͻȻһ٣ΪȻоһǿϢһţϲеϢ
סԼҪתͷؿһ۵ĳ嶯ĪӽŲٴֱ뿪̲ĵ
ĪûתͷĬĬ뿪ˣ̲ҲһĨЦݡ
뿪̲ĵĪӺܿҵڸι۵ǣ뿪֮ͥУ·Լĵ
صԼĵ֮Īͽ˱չص״̬ȻʱŹһ£ĪӵУһǿϢ
ϢûдĺԶĪΧˣûиӦֻоĪӲԶĸоϢ
ڣôô죿
ڸӦϢĵһʱ䣬оͷĪӼͬʱ̤ɾģ²棬ĪӾѾͻˡ
иеЩ˼ͬʱһ΢磬ĴĶС
Īӣʮ֮ڵ֮н⡶÷


߰پʮ ǿ
ĪҪˣϢƮڷϵ֮ɢ֮е˼֪ˣǱߣҲ֪һλҪˡ
ûа취ĪִֶΣڷд죬ȻҲᴫǱȥǼˣҲûʲôҪģܲǱߣ͵͵ܹĪӽɣ
ҪĻһǳ˼ˡ
Īĵһʱ䣬ĪЩˣһ϶¶ϲɫȻ˾һһ£Ȼһλǿ߽飬Ǹ粻ϳ٣ȥһЩΪãԱʾǵӣȥһЩ˵Ҳǰռһλá
ܹҲʮʱ䣬ʮʱ䣬ĿһҲ͹ȥˡ
ǺЩˣ̳ǰĪӵĵһ֮󣬾ѡ̳˻кܶࡣ
飬ƽʱɲôϵģЩɢ޳ˣõָһ򵥵ĻԵȻһҪץ
һΣһµĵȻⲿĽôкܶµջ񣬸Ӳݴ
Щɢ޳ˣһЩŵˣڶĪӵġ÷֮ҲЩĶҪȥĪӽһЩǿߣҲ׼ȥմ֡
Լĵ֮УĪӴ˿ϵϢѾƽˣΪɾڣûжĲۣǳ˳ľˣ֮ͬǰͻһ
ɾͻƣһС磬ĪӶܹоԼܴʵǿ˲ֹһʵӣ֮һЩµĸ
Ϊͻ֮һҪôͻƣ¾ͺˣϵϢĪӸӦԼǿķȴɵ̾
ܹôͻƵɾڣźܶأ˵򵥵⼸꣬ѾܹɽɾڵڵĻۡ
Ī֮ǰεٽɣĻۣڵ򣬵ȵȵضйϵȻҪһ㣬˵ı׫൱ڶ֮һ֮һβΪǰһ󲽡
ӱչ֮߳ĪӵһۿľǣһΪͻƵʱӸ˵һףء
ӹϲʦΪﵽɾڣǹضĪһ˵
ǣĪ΢΢ĵͷҪ˵ʲôĿȴͻȻ棬Ȼüͷ΢΢˵û뵽ôˣ
ʱҲоˣڵ֮⣬Ѿʮλ˵Щ˶֮ǰĸˡ
Ҫӭ𣿡ǶĪʵ
ĪԣҡҡͷȲż֮ǰѾ˵ʮ֮Ǿ͵ʮ֮ɣ
ĪӲǰЩӭʲôӣֻ֮ĸоܻܶ࣬ԭļƻԼĵ֮нƺһܹõ¡
ԼСռڣֲŲҩСһڣҲ㰲ôߡ
ֻһνɿӣҵġ÷Ȥ˻治٣Īа
ԭֻǴ㰴չأνҲûָˣֻΧ⼸ˣĪҲԼһνͬʱҲԼķһڰԤУ˽ܶ࣬Լøġ
ʮʱ䣬ĲǺܳǶЩ˵ֻǶݵĵȴѾҪȥˣܿ͵һ졣
ʱĪӵĵ⣬ѾۼλˣѾ൱ɹˣ֮ͥУƽʱҲûôֵġ
֣ܻȫһЩΪȽϸˣпһԣڵȴŽĿʼһЩˣһʱΪ·;ȽңԶֻһʱŸϵ
ǿЩˣҲ΢΢ЩԾû뵽ԼʦһνȻôˡ
ĪվǵԣЩˣ΢˼һ£Ȼһڵķ
Īڵķתڵµޱƺ֮УܵƲͻȻʼλüҪĪӵĵƽˣջǲ˼׵ľ롣
һĻΧڵǰЩһƲ֮ϣ֮ʱоµƲȻȴǳĽʵ
Ҳѧ׷׵䵽Ʋϣһλվ
Ҷ֪Ʋı仯˵ѾҪʼˣȻҪһʵλ
Щվ֮󣬴Īӵĵ֮УͻȻҲɢһŵɫɫģٵǽµ֮УҲȾɫ
е˶ûоţǰЩ仯ԶĪӵֶΣһλɾǿߣܲڻẦǡ
ȻЩɫ֮Щ̾͸оµ֮Уƺһǽվ棬͸о˼άԾУ״̬ǳĺá
ţɫ֮Уַɳ˼ɢʹâţ߶Īӵĵƽ롣
⼸ɢʹâţҪЩ˽µźãλҲǸߣȻǸһ׼ġ
⼸Ʈ֮󣬴֮УͻȻ̤һӰվһ֮ϣĪӵھ
ɣһЩ߿ȻһλвɵøеȣͬΪǿߣһλɽǱ˴۵黹ǱȽٵġ
֮֮нֳһӰǴ̲̲ͥһһߵϣֳһһ˫עĿĴĽɣζ
һλɵЩǰ˸е֮࣬ͬʱһЩСС˷ܣϾƽʱҪЩǿߣɲһ׵顣
黹û֮꣬УֳλɣһλŮĪӱȽϤ񣬶һλɣĪӾֻһ֮Եˣں彻սʱԷû뵽ԷҲ
ļλǿߣĪ΢΢˳飬˶ȽϺ˵Լ̫λɣ̲еѰˡ
̲ȻѾΪ˴ߣΪ֮£ԼӦý䵱ɾԴ
ĪӾãӦò˹ʱһռѷ򿪣߳ģĪǰøոռ
ĻʣһƷ飬ߣ
һЩȽмʶˣܿϳݣǿվһϵʱڳˣ΢΢еЩˣһɽһλǴûзġ
䵽֮ƶһξ룬Ѿ߹ĪӵλãǰЩˣʱڼʼĽбøڴ
ܹôĽɣԼһλߣǽݣԷͬСɣǲС
ĳĪֻпЦˣҲû뵽Ȼ֡


߰پʮ ʼ
Īû뵽֣һλܻһλɽоѹ޴󣬻Ҳһ
ƾ֮ĸӦĪ֮ǰѾ֪˻кܶ࣬ʮʱ䣬ҲһЩ׼ֻǿĳ棬ĪҲȷԼ׼ܲôҶ⡣
ʱѾϣ˲òʱĪҲֻܰԼļƻԼһν
һĪӵֱӴˣӰҲ˵֮С
ʵ˵ʵûеʮ֮ڽʱ򣬵ôĽɣλߣĪҲܶżų֣Щʧˡ
ʣµʱ䲻ˣ¶棬˵лĻӦӦ棬ʱӦҲͻϵˡ
뵽ĪӽŲǰ̤֮䣬ϵϢڶ˵ʶ΢΢һЩ仯
ڱǿĪһ̱ޱҫۣͶ֮䣬ͷ·Ϊһ壬еĶס˵Ŀ⣬˲ԾؽĿͶ
ǰ֮ĪӵߣͻȻ֮ɢһ⣬۳һôĪ
վڴϵĪĿ⻷һȦеˣо˵Ŀ˿̶ԼϣĪӾĿע£Ŀ˵
ɵһڴ˿Ƽϲڴлλǰлǰ
Щ΢ĩ֮ܵøλأҲ˴ν߽ãλһͶ٣
˴ν׼֮ΪʮգʱͬҲΪʮգʮ֮󣬸λɢȥ
Ī˵Щ֮㻹һЩʱ䣬ͬʱҲоһЩߣƺΪ·;ңԶ˴һʱܵɴһЩ׼
һֻ֣Īָڿ΢΢ĻһĶָʶϵ뵽Χ֮С
Ī˶ˣ֪ĪڸʲôֻһСˣſĪֶε
ⲢûʲôҪģΪܿ죬Щ˶ע⵽Χı仯
Χһ֮У̿ʼĪӵΧۣЩ֮󣬲ûеֻΧھӵŨȱøߣѹһ㣬Χڶ˵Χ
ңĪӵĶͬһ̬Ȼڷ仯һָ״̬ת䡣
ֱ仯ڳЩ˵һֱȽϺõı仯
ȻܹƳͼˣ֮ϵ裬֮УҲܹǰеˣĪӵĶζ̾һ䡣
ĪӽӴʱʵֻཻ̫̣֮ԵñȽƽĪӵ֮ϵ裬ζȻĵ׾ͱȽϿɣһֱ֪Īӵ׵ʲô̶ȣڿĪӵһ֣΢΢ед
Īģֲóһ򵥵󷨣ҪʹκεĲϣֻҪķķģܹҪá
򵥵󷨣һˣӦöܹףܹˣ֮ƶ̫࣬Ȼֶֻͨ
ΧĻۣĪӶҲܿͣˣʱʱѾϲˣĪҲ׼ʼԼĵһν
ɵϣĪɢϢ˲һأһԨƺɲĸо
Ϣ֮£ĪڻĿˡ
֮棬ˮľ
Īӵ𣬷·ֻڼ򵥵жš÷֮Իĵϣȴһһ䣬̺֮Уÿһߵ
һ̣е˶սϸĪӽĪӵո˵һ䣬ĻһЩΪȽϵ͵˵ĶУЩˡ
֪ĪӿڽʲôǵĶУȴһƻõĸоУȴ·ŵԾ˳УԺ֮е˼еȫƿ
Ƿ·Լԭ֮;֮УԭôҲһЩǵ⣬ԭ𰸾˵ļ򵥣ǵƤ£ȴһֱûע⵽
ģ˶УǼλɾϵĸ֮⣬ǼĪӵڽʲôȴȫȫѾĴ֮С
ڲ˵ϣϢѾʼ˱仯ڵķҲڷٵתţ⵱Ȼһ£һ£ΪζţЩ˺ܿܽҪͻԭƿˡ
Ǽλɾϵǿ˵ʱһˣǶĪ¶һһ䣬ȫ÷ǳҲǳ棬ڡ
λǿߣϵı΢Щͬڲ˼ţż΢΢üͷ̲΢ЦʱʱĻͷƺĪĵǳͬ
Ǳߵζ÷ǳ棬ϵıƽǳƣ˵һλɣҲ棬ϵı飬ȻЩˡ
λɾϵǿߣȻܹĪӽݵʲô֮⣬ڳʵһˣҲܹĪӽݣǾˣ
õĪ洫ǣĪ׫ĵżΪ⣬Ϊеݣ˵ΪõģվĪӵߣһһҲǳͬʱҲӦڳ֮Уúôһ
ʱǵϣϢķǳԣڵķڷٵתţԭ;ɾѾ̫ԶǣⳡոտʼãƺѾͻƵıԵ
ʱĪӸղֶλ۶仯ΪһɫĪӵĵΧЩɫƮЩϵϢڷˣƮǵģӦģ⵱Ȼ벻Īʦչˡ
ڳļλɾϵǿע⵽ˣҶûᣬΪЩ۳ɵ˵ûʲôãֻЩΪڽɾµ΢Щôᡣ
ںģĪڽĵԭȷôһ˼ĪʱݣҲĵȷȷؽסˡ
ĪӵΧһЩ˸ոոϵֻǿʱĪӵĽѾʼˣʱǼǿˣҲֻԱȽԶĵطĬĬ
ܿ죬ĪӵǰһλˣϵϢȻθߵһ̶ȣȻαһƬ֮УȻΪͻˡ
λΪͻ֮󣬽ţһϢȻθߵһĳ̶ȣȻ˽ͻˡ
ʱĪӵĵϣһ׹⻺֮ԻһƬʵӰ񣬺Īӵطֱһޣǳơ
ȻǹͼԻҲζǵΪ̤뵽ɾڡ


߰پʮ 
ǵΪͻƣڽĪȻע⵽ˣǿǹͼԻľ󣬼Լһ޵ʱĪӾ֪ԼһνջˣԾûˡ
ջ񲢲ֻǼΪϵһڵϣһǣʽߣĵ·ϣǰһε·պҲǳ档
һѹɵϵıգЧȻõҩִѹɵڱ֮󣬲κεĸãҲܹٶ֮תΪǽһ
ڳЩͬΪͻƵˣҲͬĴȷһ׮ĻԵ
ĪӵĽŸոտʼãѾջ񣬶мʱ䣬Żջ˻ࡣ
ڳЩ֮⣬һЩڰвûеĴߣ˿һЩʵҲڹעĪӵĽ
ǲûһĪӵĵ⣬ĪӽĪӵĵۼôˣһԳ֣ȻͶĿ⡣
ڹעһ֮ЩҲ֣Īӽݣпȡ֮кܶӱĶҲܴҲһֱڰš
Īӽ˵յʱ֮Уһλ˿ʼͻˣλ˲ɢ޳һλŵĵӡ
ϢʱͷϿգҲ¶ط࣬һ濴Ϊӵľӡ
һͿԿλŵĵӣʮа˾һλڵĵӡ
λڵĵΪͻƵļ֮Χ˶ܵһЩӰ죬ʱĪӾֻܷĹ˼һˡ
ʱ䵽˵죬һλŵĵΪͻƵļͬҲһλɣԻطһѳ̫һڵʿ
ʱ䵽˵죬һλɢ޳Գط࣬һƬǶ޵ľȻǳ֮
ӶģΪȡͻƣЩΪûͻƵˣϵϢҲڲϵļǿŵġ
ĪӸоԼΪһνû̫ľ飬ȻЩϢ⣬ڽĹ֮УҪϵķȥ˼飬ͬʱҲԼܴѹ
ĪӵĵһνͬҲһᵽԭһɵ飬ֲĽǿҲ٣඼ֻżһΣλǿߣĸĺ󱲽
ڽĹ֮УĪ³һһ䣬̺ڵ򣬽ĵûܹñ˽յֻнϵǿܹͬҲҪһЩԪ
Ĳ󣬵ȴǳԵģĪҲеƣĪЩңҺⳡʼ֮ǰΪͻ˽ɾڣѹһڻ
ڣʮĽʱһ죬ڳˣڵ֮ûĪ³һ仰ֹͣʱ򣬳һƬļžƺûзӦ
ڽˣĪ΢΢³һȻЩظ
ûԤϵԭһô˵飬Ǹô˽ҪĹ˼
Īֹ֮ͣȷӦģȻǼλɾϵǿߡ
һվ֮⣬Īһ񣬰̲Ҳͬˣͬʱ˵
лѴ
ĪԣҲվһ񣬡лλǰϣʮ֮УЩǳ֮ԣܹøλã
Īӻ˵֮󣬼λɾϵǿߴϺЦĪӵͷ֮һͿʼ򿪿ռѷ죬ŲС
Īע⵽뿪֮ǰĿ⻹ɨԼһۣЩζ֪ʲô˼
Щɾϵǿ뿪֮󣬵ǰЩˣŽӶѹһվĪһЩβ˵
лǰ֮
Щ˵һĪİõĽˣҲӦýһ
һ֮Īٴ˵ʮ֮ѱϣλɢȥɣλպᶨ֮ģյٽɾ磡
˵仰֮Īµǿ⹹ɵĴʼĪӵΣҲؽ䵽ĵϡ
Щ˿һĻһжеЩȻʧҲ֪εĻԵѾˣ˴˺ʶ˴һкҲ뿪Īӵĵ⡣
ȻоνʱЩ̣Щ˿Եջ뿪ʱһ϶Ǵϲɫġ
һϰλˣʮλΪͻˣʣµΪҲ˲ͬεߣջģҲ⿪һЩеɻ󣬶Խа˿ÿ˶Ǵãǻʲôģ
ԼһνˣĪӿԵȵǣ˵ΪһС磬ϸգһνã㻹Щô
Ϊʦ⼸Щ󣬽ҪúõĻָ죬⼸ңҪ飬㲻Ҫ飬һ飬֪ߣԵȼգ
ˣԣ΢΢ͷ
ǽһ֮ĪӾ̱չȥָˣ̶ʮյʱ䣬ڵķԪ˲٣Ҳһƣ֮С
ĪӲ֪Ľڽʱ򣬻᲻Լһô󣬶̶ʮյʱ䣬䲻;ƿݣԲںͬǿߴսһ
ҲҲĪڵȽйأҪԼĵôȻҪģܺҲйء
Īν֮ǰʵպȵԼĵ֮ϵĶһЩҪЩӽΪڿͲܹģֻżһΡ
ȻĲСҲȫûкôģܹ˺ô֮⣬ĪҲһЩ洦
ͨνĪӾ͵ְԼĵͷβһ飬Լ÷֮еݣĪҲ쵽һЩܹĶĵط
ɴ˿ͨķʽԲϵ©Ĳ㣬ͬʱ˵Ҳܹ¹ʶ֪µãЩĻȫ޺ôġ
Ī߿ʼչػָģЩˣ⼸ʱ֮У½½Ļص˸Եĵ
ˣ϶ٶջǻȥ֮󣬶Īӵġ÷ȻҲ˸ͬʱҲⲿӿˡ
֪̫ĵĪӵġ÷ȻģеʤӱкܶĪԼĶЩ˴µĳǷֽһѵʱֶһֿԲο˼·
һʱ֮䣬ڡ÷ۣ֮оͶ˲٣ⲿ۸ģʵĪӱˡ
ĪӱѾʲô֮ˣͨ飬жĪӵӡսȺθߵ˰θߵš콾ĸ߶ȣ˲˲١


߰پʮ ͼ
Īӻָĵļʱ䣬÷ǳƽûҹԴˣĪҲûие̫⡣
ԭһ䣬Ҳ΢һ£һĻӦôû˳⼸ʱţȻһõ顣
Ī֮Իһ䣬ԭ뿪ʱ򣬿ǸĪӾãпܻԼǰһ¡
ԷûʵҲϾһոսĪӦڻָģʱҲʺϵŰݷá
ıչʱĪӵĵУֺһָƽһʱ䣬Ҳû˵Űݷá
ʱȥ֮ĪӶԼ׫ĵо˸޸ĵݣڶԵ˵һ޸ġ
ܹ֮ô죬ͶԵеһ޸ģĪӵġ÷һʱĹ㷺Լ֮󣬴Ҷڡ÷ӡ
ΪνЧǳãŻиԸȥ÷еݣǸԲͬҲڤڤ֮УٽĪӶڵĽһơ
һζԵ޸ģĪҲеܸˣԭԤ֮еĴŲûг֣ĪﷴЩ⡣
ûз飬̫ҲûʲôãĪӶڴҲûйľᣬĵˣԼ޷ٴηһЩˣֲܰԼô
Ϊ˽ɾ֮Īٶƺֱ仺һЩÿΪȻȲУֻҪŽĪӾͲôģǣԼΪŸͻûá
ƽĹţһ죬ڵ֮еĪӣ˫֮һͼƮķģԴԴϵͼ֮룬ڶż
ĪһĲӿеͼ֮УһĵϣҲĴͼ֮ɢ
ͼı棬ԭĻڻı任ţճһͼͬʱҲӵ̺⡣
ͻȻ֮䣬Īԭƽɫһ䣬һɫĹâеͼʼĶڹյͼҲʼЩ
ɢ
ĪһɫĹâеͼȫסȻǿķǿнԭڳһƣͼ֮г˳ʼķģһöһöɢˡ
֮Уԭоͷ·𼴽ըͼʼһƽͼֳĻ棬ҹƽ
ֱ泹׵ĻָͼҲڶĪϵɫâŽ
ͷеͼĪɫ΢ԵЩأڸղţļЩͳ⣬ͼʹ٣ӳļʱϾͽûгεĽƴͼ֮˳űͼ١
õͼһʮƣͰڲϵ⣬ѾޣͼĲϣ֮ֻܴﵽҲֹˣΪڵʮһ޷ͻƣĪ
⼸ʱ䣬ͼļûз£ԭֵͼѾʮƣ֮޷ˡ
һַǳȷĸоϱѾһ컨壬ľ֮ĲϣҲ޷θޣΪ⻹ǣ⡣
󷨺ͷΪһͼ෽涼ƣϲȱĶͼͬҲˡ
һ֮Ҫ½ڲ޸һ£ûа취൱ͼ֮ڲ󷨾Ѿ̶ˣǱͬҲ̶ˡ
õͼôͼޣһĪӵ֮Уûʲôʧģеͼûдﵽޣڼʮ֮ȴûа취ͻƵʮһˡ
ѾĪӵһγˣƵľ֮ǰѾΣԲڸղųĵһʱ䣬ȷķӦȽеͼ
ǰεľĪһֱʧܵԭ򣬹ԼݵĽƿ⣬ɽεʧܣټһΣĪӾͷ֣ܲǳԼݵĽϣ벢ȫΪԼݵĽ⡣
ʶ̽еͼ֮УĪӿʼϸ̽ͬʱԺ֮лڻǰʧܵľ
ھһϸ֮̽Īϵıû˿滺üͷҲԵΪء
Īǣݳ⣬ǹմЩͣĪ˵
ǰʧܣϸղŵһʧܣĪ̽󣬶ûзʲô̫Ե⣬ԭֲܵڽϣͼĲõҲõĶûʲô⡣
Ҫ˵ع֮ӰҲĪԼѾǽɾڵΪˣܸо˼ȥĪӽעŵ󷨱ϡ
ͼǹմĪΪûдﵽɾ֮ǰݳģкͿԭǿ֮򽻽紦õ󷨣ĪӵʱΪ۽Ѿǳˣعͷͷ䲢ôġ
ų˾֮ĪӲ룬᲻Լݳ󷨣ΪԼͼϺȵԭ
ôһ룬ĪӾÿԻͦģһĻҪ⣬ʹһ൱ѵ飬ڵ
ҲֻĪѰͼ޷ԭеһ˵ԱȽϴԭҲҲ
ϾĪӵͼƳʱҪһЩ񣬻ȻڲϵҪĪôܣֻҪԪ«֮УȻȻľܹϵ
ϸ˼һĪûҳһ׼ȷĴ𰸣ֻȽеͼĪӴһЩʱգȥһͥһ£ԷҲûа취ĻǾʱͼ飬ȵԼԺΪһЩаټʱȥͼû԰ɣ
ͼĪóīȺľԪɱ
ԼʵѾ˽ɾڣɱҲʱһˣīȵļĪӲûʲôĵģֻҪ֮ǰݵĽСĵļ͹ˣҪ̫ġ
ľԪ飬ʱ򣬾Ҫ΢СһЩˣɱܷھŵɽһδ֪֮
ɱĪӾǾܵСģʵ²ΪȻҲǿ󣬺ôɱԼҲôʱ䣬޷ŵɽҲϣ١
ĪӼԼķľԪ飬ĪӵڴֵѾ˺ܶ࣬ǶīȣĪȻźܸߵڴֵ
Ѿ֪ھŵɽ֮ϣ컯֮ĴڣĪϣԼīȣյĳɳޣҪֹھŵɽܹΪһ컯֮
ΪĿ꣬ȻѾݳ˽ĽƣʼʱĪɷǳСĵ½˼飬ȷʲô⡣
Ȼǳ⣬ĪӦҲܼʱĲȣĪӵˮƽӦҲʲô⡣


߰پʮ ʮĵ
ʱ˵ǷǳͬνĶΪߣһǿܾʱţɽ޼ӣ˵Ĵ¾˵˼ˡ
һյһЩͨ˵УȽϿʵ֮⣬ûʲôֵĽģֻ̤ĵ·Ż֪Ǵֵβȥ׷󣬲еġ
ԣкܶΪߣΪûƿ֮ǰ˴ŵ£һֱԼĵ֮УԼƼ򵥶ҿ
ĪӺǵ˵оˡ
Ȼʦͽ˲ÿʱÿ̶żһޱߵƺߵĳϼյͣҹյǳȵȵľ󣬿ƺĹúƽ
ƽԴһĪӽ֮˲ʮꡣ
ʮ꣬һ̵ܶʱ䣬Ըıܶ飬ɳ֮еĪӺǣȴоգûиоʮжôѰʱúܿ죬ǳֵʱ䣬ɻвٵûɡ
峿ĪӺɵ֮ĪͻȻһ¶һĨЦݣһԵ˵ڶɹˣ
Īӵ仰ǵͷҲһĨЦ⣬ȷһϢ˵ܿ죬ھܹ֮ˡ
ıɻʻֻ֣Ҫûʲôأڶɹ֣ȫû˿ġ
Ҫ˶ãܹ֮ϼʦˣϴһ˿Ц˵
ƾʣٻҪʮңֵܹԪÿһεĻۣҪ֮ϼܻõһʮꡣĪҡҡͷ˵
仰Ǳڣǡǡ෴ĪӻǱȽϸ߹ڵģ֮ÿһεĻۣĪӺõʱ䶼ǲңֵڵʱ򣬾Ҫʱ䣬ʮңѾǱȽϿˡ
ԣûм˵ʲôҲͬĪӵ˵ʱ䣬ȷѾǱȽϿġ
νֱ֮ת뿪˵һͷޱƺ֮Уһʱûޱƺ֮ˣ׼ȥܲҵһЩĲϡ
뿪֮ĪӾͺһȥԼĵط
ĪӲûмֻаһŴ̵ı飬΢Щԥ
ĪеŴ̵ı飬ȻľԪˣľԪ֮УѾ˰˵ɽƷɱ֮УҲǱȽˡ
˵ɽƷɱʵܹʵҲûж٣һЩǿߵУδı
˰˵ɽľԪ飬ģԵЩ豹ˣøӲһЩ
һŴεı飬Ѿ¶̫Ĳ֮ǻһЩͨı֮Уһ˶δܹһƷɱ
еľԪ飬Īϵԥ֮ɫɢȥľԪ֮У૵
ˣھŵɽɹĿʵ̫ˣһôõɱǺúõŰɣң˵ɽʵҲˣ˵ã
˵仰֮ĪһľԪʹʧˣȡ֮īȡ
īȣͬҲǰ˵ɽľԪʵ޻ģīȻܹ΢һЩģֻͬҲȽ
ĪеīȣУͺһժ񣬷ǳʣȵһˣһһָ֦⣬滹һƬҶӡ
ӵīȣͬҲ˿һŰ˵ɽƷɱ
īȣĪӽһֻԪ«̳УȻӺ«֮зɳ˼ˮֱӵīϣһϸϸ˿ߣīڲ͸
һ֮ĪӾֱӽԪ«īȶ˽ļ
ĪӸղģʵΪīȼھŵɽһЩ׼īȱϾĪӴ֮һֱʼķһ·ɳȻĪӼΪϣ֮УΪĪľޣûа취īеĽƼľƾ
һɽĪΪҪһЩһЩˮԼһɽļ
ܹͼھŵƵѶȣ߳ɹʣһΪīȸһΪ컯֮Щ׼νһá
ЩõĵطĻȽϴĪӴԪ«ȡļˮɲļĲϣֵơ
ҪһҪٵʱ䣬ζĵˮһ˺۵֡
ҲĪӣԪ«֣ȫںЩģǻһĽɣҲ˵ûôң飬Ҳղô಻ͬˮ
£ĪӾ׼ȥӦȥһԼֶͨΣǿԼʵˡ
ովĪӽŲȴסˣ΢һ£Īֱŵȥ
⣬Ī̾ͿһˣվԼĵǰֶ̬мͬʱ˸˵ĸоͷ·ΧΪһ壬ѱע⵽
ǰ֮ˣĪ˲һĨɫȻһ
ǰʧԶӭˡ
ǰˣĪӾӦʱʮʱ䣬Էڽյˡ
ĪӵĻ˫ַſһִֻ࣬һַֻǰƺı任һơ
ɾôһƵı任ĪӾ͸о˵Ϣ˲䷢˱仯ֺΪһĸо䵭ˣɸһɲĸо
ԭģЩʵûͨ˸ңܹõ𰸣ԹˣĪӣƽĿ˵
˵ĪԣһƣԷӭ˽ȥ
һ֮ͤ£ĪȡһЩ󣬿ʼֳɲ衣
Щɲ裬ĪһεõͥĽ֮еĶƽʱԼȵĲ࣬ʱдǲ
Īһ˹ݲ裬һҲڷٵ˼š
ĵһԤ֮е飬ҶԷʱ䣬ԭԤϵʱ䣬ʮꡣ
ʮʱ䣬ΪٶȼֱǿֲĪӸղŵһۿʱϣоһ˿ĴϲŻᴫݸĸо
ƾһ㣬Ϳ֪ЩĽ׿ֲ˺ֵٶȡ
Īӽһˮ͵ǰ̧ͷ΢Цſ˵Щ꣬ΪĴصѾҵȷ·˵ģϴӦѾ͵˵Ĳˣ֪кβ⣬Ըǳ֮ԣ
˷ǰĲ豭ķڴһڣȻſĪ˵ϴκ̸ãΪȷһЩҪɾ컯⻹ԶԶԹˣһε⣬ϣһΣ㲻


߰پʮ 
ĻĪϵЦݲ䣬ǺЦڵ˵һѾ͵˵ˣҲ飬Ҳûر˽⣬ҵΪҲʵûʲôġ
Ī˵仰ʱ֮л͸һֵΣƺûκεıѾ˵Ķ˵ˣ˵仰֮˵һ䡣
ΪǾãܹõ𰸣ȻڵĿЩܳ˹֪ΪһǺ֪֮ģңȥǰ֮УӦӽ컯ˣӦܴõһЩ顣
Īӻ䣬һˣһֻ˵֣Īӽ˵Ļ˲̥С
ȥˣ˵
ƮƮ֣ĪӻҪѵĻҲ˵ˡ
Էȥ֮ȻԼ˵Ѿ϶ˣܹԼõ𰸣Ҳڶεˡ
ĪһʱƺЩ˵ԭҲˣֻлһָоܹõ𰸣Ϊˣ»ȥλԤ֮Сͨʿǰҿ϶һָоԹ²ˣ
ֲǰЩʱͻȻһֱӵĸоĪԣа
Ű֮ǰңһ֮ʱͻȻһֱ̽ĸоϸ̽˰죬ûʲô֣ƾԼ֮ĸӦĪԼõһֲԼʾûа̫ϡ
Ͼ֮䣬̫ͨһֶΣʩչʱΧܴԻӰ쵽һЩˣԷҲ߱⡣
ĪӰ⵱ĳһλʩչͨʶĲһЩԼԾû̫ϣҲţƾԼҪжԼЩʲôǴߣҲܲԼ֡
ôһ˵ĪӲŷԭԼĲ²ָоԭǱԤ֮Сͨ漰ˡ
Ԥδڴ˷ǱȽټģڶʿǧٹֵС֮ͨУСͨȴǲΪġ
û뵽ߣȻСͨˣֲãĪ΢Щ̾Ŀ˵
һߵ񣬴صڵĴþ棬ÿһȻߵЩգĽֶǺõģܺ߾߱ͨҲһĹϵɡ
û϶·ֻǱԼٴĪӵԭԻܿͱŤ˻
㣬˵˵еĿһν̸Ѿȥʮʱ䣬ôʱ䣬ҲӦûһЩµĿ
˵仰֮һζǰĲ豭ڴһڣȻ㾲صȴĪӿڡ
ĪӴʱ¶һ˿ЦȻ󿪿˵˵Ļһκ͵̸ʱʵѾ˵òˣ˵ĻҾͼ˵һЩǳ
֮ǰĪӾѾϵһģʵҲٴεŵʱԼҪ˵Щʲô
ΪһδгǵΪܹôԭ򣬺һεĽ̸йصĻǾܹ˵һν̸ݣԵ˵õģĪ˵Ŀ⿴΢һЩѯ֮ɫҲ΢΢˵ͷǸһЩӦ
ĪӿͷڵԵãǾ˵Ȩȷȷĵ·ղŵ˵ָ֪ǶȨھ򻹲˵ƾȨȻѿһ
߽аɣٴοڻش
˵֮Īһβûڣзٵ
һʱĪӾбݣйĲ²ģղŵĴ𰸣һ̶Ͽ϶һĲ²⣬ͬʱҲĪףԼĲ²⣬Ӧû΢һЩġ
Īϸ˼ģûдߴ٣ֻŲ豭ĵĵȴĪٴοڣв豭֮еĲˮ֮Ѿһˡ
ĪһκĹ֮󣬾Ͷ֮йµ˼Ҳ֮У֮һЩá
λȨ߶ں鶼ΪҪ˵ҪȴֻǰߣΪ飬ӵ֮صȨܵӣҪ𣬾ܹ֮伳ȡ
鲻Ҫʵûã飬ͬҲܹյ𣬲֮
˼Ļͺ֮䣬ƺҲ̫
ǽϵЩȫ׿λȨ֮лʣʲô˵ڵĸԭʲô
𰸣ĪӾãӦǹ
Ϊڵɾ֮ĪӾͽӴع򣬵˽ɾ֮ĪѾϤعת
Դع֮Уĳ̶ֳϣع򣬾ֵ֮֮תĹɣյȨҲع
Ȩ飬ʹԼȨḶ́Ҳάعһ̡
ͺñڤ֮Уȴֻתģڤ֮еĻӣһЩ֧꣬ŲתͶ̥һ죬ͻ飬޴档
ڤ֮ڶ򣬾ͳΪ˱ӻЩĵطһϣͲȫһֻתĹ
ϲȱعתҲˣĴڣǽһĲȫάعά
Ī뵽ͻȻԼǰǸ֮У񻰴˵ͥ͵ظĴڣ±任ֻأǹη꣬Щ鶼ƹ֮С
뵽ǰ񻰴˵֮еͥ͵ظĪͻȻһһ̣оԼпɾ컯֮Ĺؼˡ
ȻԼ޷֤Ǽ٣ĺܴ
һֱעĪӣĪͨһһ˲䣬΢ɲһϢ׽ˡ
еĲ豭ϣôֱֱؿĪӣĿȣĪӶûа취˼ȥˡ
Ŀ⣬ĪһȻ󿪿˵֮ǰɾһƷ֮ʱΪ˫ֵλǵе⣬ܵԼգҲҪ⣬Ҫλ𣬴˫֮ʱ뷷丣ȨԼʦ÷ҲŴ
ĪӴһһĨ⣬˫΢΢һ£Ȼصصһͷ³һ֡
ɣ
ĪҪûκһ˿Ĳã΢ôһĪҪֻĪϴһ˵һЩվԼҪġ
ĪӸҶԼҪǾ˵Ҫ˵ݣҪݣڳɾ컯֮ĺôһҪ󣬸ʲô
ɴĴӦĪҲͲ׼ЩʲôΪʱѾȥʮ꣬ȻڿٵķչţʵٶѾƽȣԽЩݸˣ⣬ĪҲϣµһλ컯棬ܹ塣


߰پʮ ֵ
ع򣡡ĪӵĽ˫ۣ૵
ĪӣʱŶǰĲ豭һڱеĲˮɲڣһ̬ƽĪӸоá
ղţĪӰԼ뵽ݣȫĲ룬ĪҲһ˵ˡ
ȻĪӵĻ֮кܴȻڵķӦǱȽ侲ģϵ΢΢ЩϢ˵˿еĲƽ
һеĲˮ֮Īӻûü豭£Ϳ΢˫ۻָԭ״ͻȻһĨЦ⣬˵
֮ԭˣˣ
Īԣ΢΢һ̽ʵǰ·ǲ˵˵
Īӵ仰Ҫڣ촽һţֱˣĪӵĿ֮УһĨζ֮ɫ
ĪӿһаһϧղŵĻӦ˴ﵽ컯ĹؼĪӸŶԷľЩʱԷѯʴﵽ컯֮ĹؼϧԷȴʱķӦ˹ûаؼ֮˵
еˣĪӱֵȴǷǳ򶨣ζĿ֮û˿ǺƽĿƺղǾ仰ֻǷǳƽľٶѡ
ζĿҲûгãܿͱջˣȻվӸ¿Ī˵⣬Ժͻ˴ߵľ磬»ûĻ¾ͻش㣡
˵仰֮תĪӵĵȥĪӼ״Ҳվ׼͡
һֱͳ˵֮ǰתĪӣ˵һ䡣
ʵͻ컯ĹؼѾ֪ˣ֮Լɣ
˵仰֮ǰȥ֮䣬˵Ӱ黯ʧ֮С
֮Ϊ컯ǴˣĿʧĪ
ͬʱĪð˺ܶ仰ĽͣԼΪ仰Ĺͻ컯ؼĲ²⡣
ܿ죬ĪӾͰЩ²ȫѹԼڻǽɾ磬˵ĽٶȣԿһЩ׼ˣҪڽɾͳ׵͸컯ĹؼЩ̫ˡ
˼ţǵӰһݹ⣬ޱƺ֮з˳䵽Īӵǰ
תͷһ䵽ԼǰǣĪӿʱ䣬ڻȽ磬ޱƺ֮ռʱķѵʱ䣬ԻıȽ硣
֮ôĪΪӦע⵽˸ղ뿪ǰޱƺ֮лġ
ҵʲôò𣿡Īڶʵ
ҵɲģȽ֮ͨǿڻش
˵仰֮΢΢ԥһ£ٴο˵ղޱƺ֮УͥͨҾϢϵˣ
ţ
Ī仰üͷ΢΢һ¡
ǺһҲǼͥģõһЩŴͬʱȻҲҪеΣҪʱͥȻ硣
Īӵûô飬ΪԴӼ֮ͥʼʱ򣬻ûеʮ갲ʱ䣬ͱϯӦȥǰμս
֮ΪԪ«Ĺϵʱ֮ϣ죬һʱ䡣
֮ΪٶȺܿ죬Ĳ˼սƳͼ˺ܴĹףû˻ʱǲ
Ϊ˽֮Ѿĸ߲֮һˣʱָܹĪӵģֻʣļλˣʼգĪӼûоֶͥͨΰŵǲ¡
ǱͥϵˣĪ֮࣬ȴЩ
Ƕʮİʱ䣬ƺһЩʱգߣΪԼĵӣһλ̨ҪеǲǲǵͨһԼʿԼ
ע⵽Īü̽͵ͥϵңԸԸȥľǵǸֵһʱ䣡
ǵ仰ĪüͷչˣȥǸֵأһ׮ЩŵˣҲŹᣬ˰һ͵ǵǰֲûоԼ
£Īӱ΢ЦſڵȥǸֵأ⵹һĻᣬȥĻȥʱ䣬ǣΪȷаҪԼʵڲԸȥĻǾˡ
Ī˵꣬ǣȴǸ𸴡
ЩһֱڵΪܿ죬ʵһЩȥǸֵأȥ̻ش
ô˵Īӱص˵ͷȻ´һ˵ҲãȻҪȥΪͲѹţͻɾˣ
ЩһֱĪӵߣĪӵϤĽ̵ڹȥʮ֮УǵΪѾﵽɾڵĶ壬Ϊͻˡ
ֻǰĪӵķԸǼѹΪʵŸ׼۵øۺ
ԭĪӻѹƼģɼȻҪȥǸôǵΪͲҪѹˣϾǸеֵ߻ִߣΪﵽɾ硣
֮ͥп˿Լϣһ׮ǣǰȥʱɾ磬ܹЩ̫ÿ
ףǵͷ˵
˻ص֮Уǿʼ״̬ĪվԶĵطĬĬĿǣͬʱе˼Ҳڷɿתš
֮ôãȷҲʱóȥˣԭĪӵļƻ֮У׼ǵΪͻɾ֮ȥһ£Լԭļƻû̫ĳ롣
ֻǵȵȥľ֮ĪӾ;ԼҲӦóȥˣЩԼûȥĵطڿȥˣ⻹һЩ飬ԼҲҪһ¡
ţĪӾ͸оϵϢʼ˵ϣһƬɫĹâ֮С
ǵͷϷһ׹⻺𣬹âڵϷճһͼĪӵطһޣͬһƬޱˮ򣬼һò
Щͬǣͼ֮УϿûǳֻǼ򵥵ľѡ
׹ճͼԽԽһĵϣҲչֳӰ쵽Χ
ͼԽԽطֻ࣬ҪһǾ̤㵽ɾ磬ΪٶȣĪӵҲضá
ǲط࣬ӦԽԽǿϢĪ֪ǻϲͻʧܵĿܣΪ̤ɾ磬ȫʮþȵˡ
ȻûãǵطԻĵϣͱޱȵˣˣҲ͸һĵϡ
ı仯˵Ϣһ˲䱩ǣȫɾżĴﵽɾ硣
ĪӵԶЩˣһ̣ĸоĪӵߴ춯Ҳô¡
̤ɾˣĪӵĶȻĪӱˣǾֻˡ
һʱ֮䣬ԭһ۵ˣȫˡ


ڰ˰ ѵϢ
ΪͻƵɾ磬ΧЩԳƵھӵˣȥ˶
ĪڿǣоԼĵӣƺһγʦˡ
ǰڴϵʱΪﵽ񾳽磬ĪӸоԼûʲôܹģΪﵽɾ磬Īٴĸо
ʵһжͨЩǵĽ̵ڽɾ֮ǰĪӸоԼûʲôɽ̵ˣʣµһЩΪ֮Ȼס
ȵɾ֮Ī̵ܹģҲֻʣһЩˣգҪﵽɾ磬ҪԼŬ
Ϊͻɾһ̿ʼĪӾͲٽ̵µĶˣҪѧϰʲôͿԼɣҲΪպΪﵽɵľ׼
ʱתͻɾ֮ĪӵĵУǶǰĪһȻ˵
ʦǰľˣɻʲôҪģ
Īӿǣ΢ЦſڵΪʦҲû̫ҪģʵһЩֶκ͵ƣֻҪɾǿߣӦöԱˣȥľǣԺúõĽǵϸĹ۲ǿգ
Ҫɾ뵽ɾ磬վҪԼܹ֮·Ƴ³£˷ܹɾͽɣȥɣ
ףزʦն˵
˵֮˾һ߳˵Īӻִһռѷ죬ûڼ˵ʲôҲܸɴһ̤˿ռѷ֮Уôǰǿա
ȵ뿪֮󣬶ĪľľСһĪӵı˳ǱŵģЩ̫ġ
ĪҲûСһƽʱǣ뿪ˣȻеˣҲһʱѣȹһʱ䣬СһֻῪģĪӸҪԼһߣԼܹ
֮ǣʣĪһˣĪҲڵУ׼ȥ߶߶
һСһĪӴ˵󷨣һֱͥ
Լĵ֮Ǳʮ꣬ĪӶʮ֮У֮һЩ飬ȱһ˽⣬׼ͥѶɵ
⣬Ī׼飬Լʱ޷ͼ顣
֮ͥУĪϰԵڵķһۣȻϱ¶һĨЦݡ
ϴһŨŨĳĺ֮գڵĵطĪ֮ͬҲ¶ЦݣȻĪӿ˹
տĪӸæͣס˽ŲŶԷ£һЩ롣
һʱûйˣΪƺ־˺ܶѽò϶º͵Ī˵
⼸ڵ֮Ǳ˳̵һµӣûôԽѶɵ׼Щ귢Щֵע飡Īӿڻش
ĪӵĻϵЦݸŨ˼֣Ʊøˡ
⼸ʱ䣬嵹ûзʲô£ڤ֮УҲûֵ̫ע飬Ҫ˵ֵעģЩӿֳ˲ٵӢš
Щڴ˴ӢţҪ˲٣˵ʵϣӿֳ˶µˣ
֮ǰһóСһˣ֮к裬ǸǱɣһɢ޳ĽޣʵҲǳ⻹мȻǺܳǱȽϳȣǺӡ
նĪһ˵˲ٵĻڼҲᵽ˺ü֣ΪǳǱ½ɡ
֮ԸĪЩһ棬ЩӿֳѪҺܶ࣬гɫҲкܶ࣬վúܿġһ棬ĪҲĸ߲㣬ЩݸĪӣʵҲĪЯһº󱲵˼ϾĪԼҲܵһЩ˵Я
ĪӵȻ֪յ˼ԼΪĽ֮һȻҲЯһº󱲵ΣֻڸȤģȴողᵽһ֡
֮ǰ˵ĳˣǷһͷĳĪӶʵ
ʶ΢΢ͷ˵
Ϊǳ֮ʱڴʶĺѣû뵽Ҳ֮ϣĪҲͷش
ôȥˣһʱ䣬ǰһЩѣҲȷö֮ѣɾԪˡ
ĪǰʶЩ֮УܹаնɹֵУ˵ȷһй۵ԪӦҲܶɹ֣ɾԪɣ
λ⣬˾Щ̫˵ˣҪЩ껤ֶεΣȽϴĻ˵ҲܹɾԪ
Ϳ֪ںδĪӶٴʵ
ó֮ͥУҪĻӦ֪ȥδѰң⣬Ƚ󱲣ѶɵҲܹҵһЩϣܹ۵ģЯջشĪӵ⣬Ҳּһ䡣
ҲûǿҪĪЯ󱸵˼ֻΪ֮һᾡܵΪδ룬ϣһɣܹɳһ׳ʵ
ͷģҵҲܵǰЯģвĺ󱲣ȻģĪ˵
ڴǱ֮ĪӾֱǰѶɵвһЩϢ
ԴӺһս֮ˡ壬ϻ˺ܴĺôȥʮʱ䣬ҶٽЩôΪʵԹȥʮ꣬Ӧ֮䣬еİȵʱ
֮ϣ弸ûк巢ʲôĦֻСģսϣҲǺˮɴҲûʲôرڤеĦڽ겻ϵļӾ֮⣬һжԵ÷ǳĺƽ
κƽʱ⣬ˡʵî˾ƴǸԵķչһַʽš
ľ֮УʵĶܿ죬ʵĺǸƺЩˣ֮ĦǱǰһЩ
˵Щȷ˺֮ܶ㣬ڹȥʮ֮УͥڣͶʮλ½ɣаڣкüλӢš
ĪӷǳϤԷһ֮֮ϣҲ˵̫Ŀǰ֮ϵ裬ӵʵΪǱһƵĻ쳤ҲĪӴԴ֮һ
˳ˣĪӻԪ֣ĪԤϵһҲ֮ϣֻ֪ʲôطҪҵµʡ
֮ϣĪӵȻٲûһ£ιգȴҪġ
һ㣬ĪνλѣϾѾ˺ܴľ룬ûа취ٻһˡ
ϸѶɵзԼϢֱ֮ĪӲŴ߳ȻֱǰĲƸ׼ȥ̲
ĪЩȷ鵽ڲ֮ͥУҪͼ飬ȥ̲ʡ


ڰ˰һ ټ
ʮʱ䲻û뵽ΪٶȾȻ֮죬Ȼͻƽɾڻ˲٣㰴ٶȣҲĹѣ̲Īӣ΢Щп˵
ĪΪٶȣеȷеǳľȣ֮ǰĪΪô죬̲ʵǿģϾĪӱʲףܵʱֶ֮εİΪܹô졣
ºĪͻƽɾ֮Ϊٵ뵽ɾڣ̲Ҳе⣬͡÷ĵźܴϵģĵұ׫Լĵ֮·ǰһ󲽣ΪȻкܴ
ʮʱȥٴμĪӣ̲֣ĪΪٶȣ˿֮ǰе΢΢Щˡ
Ҫ֪Խÿһ֮ĲԽ󣬽ɾڵڣ֮ľ䲻ر𣬵ҲıȽԶûô׾ܹ׶ε
ʮʱ䣬ֻ̲Ƿǳݵʱѣֻ࣬һ΢ʱѡ
ЩǱԵؽһЩԲŽһЩĪ̲Ķ棬ƽ˵
ԼЩٶȣĪͬҲǱȽģͬʱҲԼΪܹ֮֮Ǳ֮⣬ȷǽһ
һĪԪ«֮УǵΪʱⳤӵˮΡ
ʱⳤӵˮΣʱ֮Ԫ«еģǽ֮ʱⳤӣֻԪ«鱦ܹصˣܹµʱˮΡ
εʱΪˮΣһܹԴԴϵĵµˮΣ˵Ԫ«µʱⳤӵˮβܹ࣬һģݹĪӵǰ֮һܹܡ
ЩУĪûнʱⳤӵˮλһֱȽ˷ѵķʽͨʱⳤӵˮΣӿԼٶȡ
ַʽЩûкúõʱⳤ֮еˮΣĪȴЩţڵᡣ
λʱ֮ڻ֪ںδֻҪһû䣬ĪһڶԷûԱ֮ĪӾͲЩʱⳤӵˮΡ
һһ죬Լ䵽˶ԷЩǰѳɵ֮ô͵˶ԷǰԣĪӱ뽫õ
̲ûĪ˵ĽĻֻ΢΢ͷ֮󣬾ͽ˱𴦡
Щ꣬߶һ£Щ飬ҲԳеһЩ
ǰǻˣҪǰʧˣʱ䣬һҪʱ鲻ʿǰڲͥУͼļһ⣬ʱ޷ˣ뽫ǰܣĪԣ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
ͼ£ǻЩɣʦ˼ҲڣĪ˵ͼ£̲ɫ˵
ĪӼͼĿǰ֮еһرʧڻشĪӵĻ̲֮Īѯһ⡣
Ī˵Ե֮Ī˵ѾʧΣ޷ټͼ̲Ҳɵ΢΢üͷ
ʱͲҪðˣʦڣͼʱԷϸоһ£ܷҳ⣬ҲĻǾ͵ȵʦ֮ٿν˼Ƭ̲֮տ˵
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Īԣͼȡֱӽ̲̲ҲĴߣ鲻ڣͥ򣬽ͼĪûʲôĵġ
ͼʱ̲ƺѾȥĪӣٴЦſ˵ôˣͼ뿪ˣ
ǰ鶼ѾˣøϽߣҪȻǰһ˵ҪԸЩʲôĪԭ׼˵ǵĻȥÿЦĿ̲˵
ĪӵĻ̲֮ĿڵԭҪԸЩģȻԼ£Ǿûа취ˣʵĴ߶߶Ҳͦõ飬ֻȥһЩطʱ򾡿ܵĻҪСģϾ鷳ûȫ
Ī̲仰˲΢΢һ뵽һЩ顣
֪̲˵仰˼Լ鷳޷Ǿǵλʱ֮񣬶Լ߶߶⻰ͦˡ
һε飬ȥʱѾˣĪӾãλʱ֮ڵǼˣҲӦûָĲ˰ɡ
Լȥ߶ֲڣĪðĵһͷǣ鲻Ѱλʱ֮ټɡ
ֿĺܴ󣬱Ͼ屻ֻܹϳϣλ߳սλ֮⣬©λӡǳ֮Уλεعڶвģֻ֮У֪ûпѵ֮⣬ֻв֪ٵʱ֮ˡ
ΪĶǿߣӰһ˵ˣԵвȻӶ
Դһս֮ͼҲû¶棬ܴʱʼԷѾͥˣȥѰʱ֮Ӱˡ
һ룬ȥģӦòֹһˣ뻹ҪλĴߣϾɵ飬һʱҲҪͬ
ټʱ֮ͬҲǶĴߣһͬĻҵ˶ԷҲһܹõ¶Է
̲ղ˵Ļ˼ЩӦûûҵʱ֮ӰԼȥߣԼԿܷѶԷ
пٵЩͷĪ̲˵ͷ˵лǰģˣ
ţ̲ԣֻһ֪ĪܹԼ˼Ի˵Ĳ̫͸
ǰղԸȥʲôĪӿ̲ͻȻ俪ʵ
ԣ̲ͻȻЦһ£ղŲҪ𣿡
ĪҲЦ˵˵˳·أ
ڤ˳·𣿡̲ʵ
պ˳·Īӻش
ӣȻջһЩ𰸣ش̲Щζ˵
仰ĪӲûнĻ磬ֻǰĵȴġ
ǱߣЩ̫ˣ˵ڤ֮ȫƾ֣ȴڤлƵƵҪȥ˳Щ׼Է⡣ĪӵӣûʲôӣֱӾͰԼϣĪ
ԣĪ΢΢üͷЩĿڵϴһսŹȥûжãϵոջһЩӦòôҪٴս˰ɣ
ҪٴδڵȷЩˣҲάֲ̫ãĶԹѾٹˣݵƽ֮ٴνǳ飬ҹϵһλ컯棬ֶԵãǰΪ̵ܹס̲ĪӣЩͳ˵


ڰ˰ ߵĸԶ
֮ˣһնͣǽʤһĿǰ֮ͥ߳Īӻͷһۣͬʱ뵽
̲һ̸Īӵ֪ڲ֮ͥеϢͬʱҲˡ壬Ŀǰദ˽⣬Լһ˳·顣
˳·飬ĪӲ̫⣬ΪԭҪȥڤһˣֻҪһѣ˳ֶΪˡ
̲ĪȥĿģӦҪĪӹȥ¶һԵðˣڻûйھѾ˴֮ҲᾡܵάԵĿƣս˵ˡ
Īӹȥ¶棬СһЩǴﵽ̲ĿģǰһЩ׼ӦܻһЩõΪ
ԼҲܹ˵ĴڣĪӾûͦĵģ֤ԼѾЩʵˣȥ˵Ϊ̲Ҳȥ
ĪӸղźֿ̲֮ǰİ̲һ飬æһЩ͸˳˺ԪԼһλȽϳĽޣԼΪɣǵһչˡ
ȥЩĪҲû׼ԼݣֻĪ̲ԼλѣЩ壬ףصĺ񣬹ϲ֮ϡ
һĪһռѷ죬һУĪӾڤ֮С
ռѷ죬ĿһƬڰͻɫֻǺЩͬǣһƬڰͻɫ֮УȻһ΢Ľ⣬ڤĸ߿ϴ
Ī̧ͷǵԴһӴ󣬵ȴЩȱκһǳʹСǳԭӦһǡ
ö˵Īȫܹµǳ޷Ǿǳ׹֮ʱ⽫Ͷڤ֮еЩǳ֮һֻû뵽ڤ֮еУȻ˽䰲ڤĸ߿գƬֻкɫͻɫĿռ䣬ҲһŲҫ۵ǳ
ǳЩƣɢĹâڤ˵Ȼ΢ģ¼ŵڤ֮УôһǳܹǴһֲһĸı䡣
Īӻ֣Źڤеǳ䱾ƺһЩ仯ɢǳ֮ƺѾһЩ⾳˵ŲƵǣһŴǷŸı䡣
Ҳǧָ꣬ıúŲƵǳҲ뵽ڤ֮УΪڤΨһҫŵĹԴҲһֺõĸı䡣
ĪٴһֱӾ͵˵ʳڤеΧѭϢֱӾ⡣
ƺ֪ĪҪһ㣬ʱԼ֮Ⱥվ˵ĸоͺһ·ΧΪһ壬ޱȵĺгǢȴȻ߱Լص
𣡡ĪӶ΢΢һ
һĪӣȻ̧ͷ֮ǿŲƵǳûͷûԵ˵һ䣬ܾˣ
Ī仰Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Ȼ̾ͷӦ˹˵û뵽ôȥҹˣ
ֻ뾡֪һ𰸣õĴ𰸣ȻǹҪģʣȹߵҪԶһЩĪӵĻ֮ƽ˵ƺ˵һԼ޹ص顣
ڶȥĪѯʳɾ컯֮ĹؼõԼҪĴ𰸣˳ɾ컯һĹؼʲôˣҲĪԼһЩ顣
صڤ֮ȥһ飬Ǿȥ򹴻ԼսȻ󱻶Էܾˡ
֮ǰûгΪߣڤ֮Уĵʳ飬ֻڵڶʳڤͥ׷֮£ѡĴء
ɾʹ֮󣬼ѹ֮˳̨ϷʱȥҹԼսˣԷȴѡ˾ܾһлǱ޳
Īûнӻֻǰվȴĺġ
֮ǰûдĿУ֪кҲ֪ҪʲôǣȥԼսһ㣬Īȴ֪ġ
οԼǰ񻰴˵֮еͥ͵ظĪӾã͹λ߸ֻһֻµһܹΪ컯档
ϷǿŲƵǣٴ
ʳΪ꣬һЩΪ컯İ취Բ챮ҪƾΪɾ컯
·ѡķǳ˶Ϊͨ챮ֻøӶȴû뵽εĶβܾµԼսҲû뵽ԭѾߵôԶˣ
˵仰Īٵתţ˵Щݡ
ʱҪߵĸԶĪӵԤ֮⣬ͬʱƺ֮УϾһѾˣЩҲʵ
֮ǰûУ֮Ӱ£챮ֽڤͥɾ컯ľأѾ߱ˣʱҲӦܹס
ǵ׼֮ǰǵԼҪĵģĪӿʵ
Ϊ֮нˣߵıȹԶҲû˺ɣ֮ǰԼֻˣǹʸ˹һսĻĻæһ½ֵĶƽĿ˵
˵仰֮ջߣĿƽĪӣ΢Щͳ˵ñȹԤڵҪ磬ӦҪɣĻȥæɣ׼׵ʱȻȥ֪ͨģ
Ҳãҵȷ飬ȲŵˣĪӵ˵ͷ˵
һ˵꣬Īӱֱתλһݹ⣬ʧǰ
ȵĪ뿪֮󣬴УŻ߳˼ˣмĪӻ˵Ǩ
λѾû֮ϴЦݿڵĻʱӦð£ΪԼһ裬Ĳ룬Ƕԣһǿ
תͷһۣȻ΢΢ҡҡͷõͳ˵ǰûа취չ£Ѿ򣬾͸Ӳˣ
һΣУµ֪˳ɾ컯ĹؼѾǷ飬ҪҪµ£ֻʵ䷴
˵ǣλĪѾɾ˽ɣڽɾǿ֮УҲսȺΪ֮еУ֮߳Ǽ֮Уһλͷ˵
ǨЦݵʼ磬ûô⣬ھͽ˱𴦡
½Ҫ͹һսˡֱԣҵȷĵ·ʵδֻ¶ô򵥣ǰûʲôأΪ֮죬Ҳδûн
ףԹҪ͹ٺúõ̸һ̸νⳡ֮ڴ֮ǰȰ߳ȥɣƽ˵


ڰ˰ Ӵ
Īվڤ֮ΨһһǳϣĿ⸩ڤĴأ˫˸ɫĹâ·ܹڤ֮ÿһȫ۵ס
ĪӲûڤ෴ѾܶˣֻεĵĪӾԼڤ˽⣬ȻǷǳƬġ
Ҳڤͣһʱ䣬ոմﵽԪɾ磬ڤ֮вʱǴεľʱȽϾãҲڤ֮һЩط
Ī֪ڤڰͻɫ֮£ʵҲһƬţÿʱÿҲڤеֻ֣֣صñȽΣһѱ֡
ĪվǶ¸ӣǹ֮һоﾡ۵ףҲܹڤ֮иϸڡ
ϡŹֵĵò˵ʯ᾵ɽ壬һһֱţһڽڹвϵðݵһЩҲҽ룬ʳˮȪۣһ丵ϸֻΧʮףˮ˵¡
Щò֮⣬ڤ֮еĸʵҲǷǳֵģڴط϶֮еĻ壬ں֮ɪɪЩϢŵһֵķʽѿĵĳɳš
һһɫڤ֮еڤ֮УȴƬء
֮⣬ڤҲٲһЩԼһЩӱȽϴģ˼ڤ֮еʿ
ǻŸԵĿģðսڤ֮УҲãΪҪ²òҲգǵĵվҲڤֵ֮һһڤİ̬
ĪӰĿһУ˺ܾöûƿĿ⣬ƺѾЩסˣʵҲȷˡ
Ӹߴ¸Щ֪ô£ǻ˼פ͡
ʵҲˣ羰һֱڣܹͷ羰ȴ࣬Ǿ˲ͷ羰ǻûеܹƬ羰ĸ߶ȡ
ͬĪһ㣬̬ѾǷǳƽˣΪûеɾ֮ǰڤУҲյ̬ܹö֮վڤĸߴڤ֮еһС
ĪӻפʱͻȻϢĸ֪֮С
ϢԲˣһϢһɺŨζһġ
ӦϢĿĪӲûлͷԹԵĿ·˿û˼
ʱӰͻأĳ˻صԣӰĿǳȳƣһЩݣдһɢ⣬͸¶һϢ
һӰǴһǳӢþζҹһ㣬ϻ͸˼ֹ
˵Ĵϣܿĸģһĸ֡
Ҫ˵ڸ֮УûԳ֮ǰģŮǷǳƯŴҲЩơ
Ӱ£ǵĸ˵Ůӣͷǳ
˳֮󣬹ʮʱ䣬ĪȻû˵ǣ˿ˣһڣرĺã֮Դʡ
壬ڤʲô
Īԣعͷһߵλ壬ԷΪԼ൱ǽɾڣԱߵҲˡ
֪λӦôƺĪûֱӻشĻ˵֡
壬ƹ
壬
ĪӣλѣĪԣ΢ЦŶ˵
Īӣ㻹û˵ڤʲôأƹ˵
ڤ羰λأҲһ羰İɣĪϵЦݲ䣬˵
Īӵķʣƹüͷ΢һԵİʱҲڵʲô㲻ùܣֻҪҪˣ֮ԼܲҪ֮
ѼǵãҵȻǵãллѵѣĪԣϵЦŨһ֣һЩζ˵
Ī˱֣ƹͰɵüͷ壬Īӵ˼ڷעԼ
˵ͬʱһȻʱ䣬ڤ֮еĶԶһЩѾ巢ˣӦΪˣĪӲŻ
Īӵ֣ʵҲģ½Ľɾǿߣ˵սȺԦһƵӣɾڵǿߣҲδ֡
Ī˳ͼǳԣѣѣҲ֮ǰԤϵ飬ֻûԤϵķӦô졣
Ī˵仰֮֮±óĬĪӴʱתͷȥĿ·ƺķ羰Ե˸⡣
ĪӵĶԵøӳĬˣһʱ֮˭ûȿڣͬҲѡתĿ⿴·
˲֪ãƹٴοˣĪӵѾ׼һֱ￴𣿡
̬ڤ֮УҲʱŸ־ʣ￴ţʵҲͦõģ˵ʱˣܴЩʲôΪԾĪһַǳ˵˵֮ƺҪһԼĿŶȣתͷƹ˵ͷ
˵ĻҾͲˣĪӵѾ￴ŰɣƹٴȻ׼뿪ˡ
ѾĪӴһ棬֪˭ҲܹһĵϸҲûãͲ׼Īɺˡ
ĪӾֻվĿ羰Ļְ취ܹĪӵߣעⲻټ
ƹһҲ׼뿪Ҳˣֻ˵ĽŲһĪӵĻٴˡ
λѺαôߣ㿴ڤϵ֣ڽܹĵĳﱸ΢һȣܹһʵĴϷⳡʵĴϷŶλҲԸɣ
Ī仰ƹͰ˽Ųͬʱһ٣ţǾ͸оѾıĪӵϢˣΧĿռ䣬ڴʱҲøȹ̡
Īӣ𣿡Щ˵ͬʱϵϢ΢΢ͷųһЩԵƹϵϢҲͬѾĸоҲ˲ͱˡ
ӦϢĪҲתϵϢתһɲڶһ̣ƹͰλɣ˲оһĪӵǿѹ֪֮£ҲδĪӵĶ֣ǰ壬һǿС
Ʋڣˡոպһ壬˿ϵ͵ʱλƶλѣֻǾλ֮ǰ˵֮˸֮⣬ܲ֡
ϵ֮ף¶λʲôǵƻոջһЩĹϵҲϣҿУλѵӰ
Īǳº͵˵Ļ֮е˼ȴǷǳǿƣͺҪǰλ


ڰ˰ ǿ
Ī·˵ǿƵʱλǿߣĪӣܹʮ˵Ļλɲòӡ
Ī仰˵֮ƹͰλɣڽǿߵǿϢ׵ı˿
жȽϼɵĪӣΪλǿߣһ壬ȻԼİĪ˵ҲȻЩӦ
˿վǳϣǹǿѹֱӴӸ߿մ·ڤ֮еĻ壬оһӴѹ
ǿϢȻҲڤ֮еĸָоˣͬһʱҶĿͶգǿŲƵǳ
ĪӴ˿Ŀ⿴ˣϵЦѾˣͬʱϢҲһ˲䳹׵ıһ־ԵƣǿѹƹͰλǿߡ
Щڤ֮еĸ֣һҲĸоһɸǿϢղǿϢֱѹˣ˵ǿŲƵǳϣλɾǿߣһʵ൱Ŀ¡
ڤ֮У³λһƷ֮⣬ҲûκһˣܹǸղűǵϢ˵Ķ֡
ĪӵϢѹ֮£ƹͰ˵ɫˣܹоĪ֮ʵ࣬û뵽ʵྐྵȻ֮ƾϢѹƣĶĪӾʵһжսʤ֮
λ԰꣬ڤеĻǿһЩСģǿɳܲλѵϢǰһЩɣĪӵ
ʵǿƾʵѹҶˣˣʵǿǣҲûз֮һսԿδǣƹ˵ʵˣ˵Ҳ֮б˲٣ƸղǰǿӲˡ
Īԣ˵ҿûкλѶֵ˼ֻΪ˸ԵԼλûȽϺãȻλѲԸ⣬ҲԾ뿪֮УҷʲôԵĵطҿ²òλһˣ
Ī˵仰ϵϢѸٵȻĿڤ·
Ƕ飬ڿæµƺ֮ǰҲ˲٣ҿ׼ʲô׼һϲɣĪЩĵ˵
˵仰֮󣬾ͲƹͰˣǵȥĪûղˡ
ƹͰλɶһۣƹеһø˼֣ɫǱøˡ
ǸоĪϢȷʧˣΧĿռҲָĪӵȷ׼뿪
λǿ£ȫûмµ˼ȷܹ뿪֮˾ͺԥ뿪ˡ
Ӧ˵ϢʧĪȴ΢΢Ĺһ˿Цݣ̲˴룬һ룬Ҫ̬ķչˣһ˳ĻĪֻҪ￴֣ҪԼ֡
ڤ߿մǿǳϵϢʧˣڤ֮УĸȴΪ飬˴֮š
ڤеһʺվһĿҲڿ֮ǿŲƵǳ
ʵʵ̫ˣŹȥãڽǿ֮Уսܹٮٮˣõͳ˵֮Դһ˿п
֮УҲӢţνţҲֻһʱģǻǰ·زˣΪԭ򣬵ĳ֮󣬾ͿʼĹڳţͬĪΪ˽ɾ֮ȻԵúʮģ֮١
ڣͺð˲٣ǲҪƤֹܹһ£һЩѹ˵ûκεĲԵ÷ǳƽ
ڤҲֻһɰɣĻ֮תͷһۣԴһ˿˵
ĻûѡᣬֱӾͰѻתƣѾ̲ס׼ȳˣԣԹµ飬Ӧûʲô˰ɣ
µ񣬱ʵȻûʲô⣬ȻҪΪǿǴⳡ֮߳ȥǺпܣǶڳɾ컯һҲˣʵ˲٣һлСġʳĻش
ԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷûټ˵ʲô
ʸղ˵һ㣬ҲѾǵˣ֮еڣȻʱ䲢ر𳤣Ҳ΢һЩۣ֮⣬飬ķչҲһЩס
ڷֹʲ֪ʲôʱѾ˳ɾ컯Ĺؼһ̣ʵѾ룬һƷ飬ǲҲ͹һ˳ɾ컯Ĺؼ
û򣬵ⳡ֮չǣ֮£Ҳп⼸ջԣףԼռݵƣû֮ǰԤϵô
˵׼巢֮ǰȫ˵
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˵һ仰֮ξͬʱ䵭ʧԭء
жһ仰ղû˵Ǿڽ֮ʣµģ֮ˣһܹɾ컯ͿһĽˡ
ʱһתֹۣȥ˴ԼһңǿŲƵǳɰعڤĸ߿գĪӵӰҲһֱվǿǳϣ·ڤء
ȥһУĪвʲôûģ෴һҵʱ䣬˲׼Ĺ
̲֮ǰͽһ֮⣬ҪһЩҪ׼ӦͻͻȻϮ
ƹͰλɣںĪӴһ֮ϢʧĪӵĸ֪֮УĪӲȷĻΪԼͷһЩԭ׼Լ߱Ҫøֵ׼
Ī׼ȻһЩ󷨷Ķˣ֮ϵ裬վҲܹϢ۳һööķģȻ΢ʩչһЩֶΣܰЩģ͵ԼҪõĵطڲ˷ֵ¾ɲá
ȻҪԲ˷ֿ֣Բһλ߶ĪӵĻĪӵֶΣ;ڶԷĿ֮زס
Ϊ˶žĪµֶΣõλþ;ܵĶһЩ
һӪһ֮ǰʼĪӵĿѾûа취ǵľٶˣ֮ǰĻ棬׼Īּ֪ҪʼˣԼҲҪվܳʱ䡣
Īڤ߿еŲƵǳϿһеķ֣ڤĴϣЩСĻ壬·ҲоһִսĽȸУһҲʱУϵΧпܹܻĵط롣
һЩ֮УҲʱ䣬һĻ塣
һɽŵķΧڤ֮ЩƽʱðڤʿҲо˲ԣûмٸҳʱ䣬ڤ֮дˡ
£ŵķ籩ڵ˱ʱ


ڰ˰ 󷨿
վڤ߿ղƵǳϣĪӼͷ·ԭһڶ飬Ѿۼ˼Ѿĳ׼
Ļ棬ΪԼһˣ˿ûεԼߵĻĪڶǿġ
ĪӿǾ£ڼĽɫ֮УǰһƬ⣬ڲϵǰһΧ£ƺҪˡ
ע⵽һĻĪӲɵһضƬǰĽ⣬׼ⳡһʱķ籩׻ʽʼ
ĪӵĿע£Ƭ⵽ΧıԵٶȽķŻվͣ
֮ͣƬȴԵøˣڷһı仯
󷨣
ֱ仯Īüͷɵ΢΢һȻЩУƾĪӶ裬һ۾Ϳ˴˿̽ı仯Ƿĳ󷨣ڻ׼һ
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һЩ̶𣬷·һεĴӣ·Ŀռ䶼Щ𵴣һһ׳Ľ⣬һֻҵĹֱΧ
⻮գһ˲䣬ǿƿԼΧڣȻ֪ᴩ˶ԶĪӵǶȣֻ󷽹ᴩȥ˺ܳľ룬ͷ·һֱӽΧֿĳߡ
壬Ǹȳ֣
ʧһͬʱһӰ˲˸߿֮Уɢһִ߲еƣϵϢȻԲĴߵǱ֮ĴߣȴӦò಻
ⳡ֮һֱҲֵˣһҫ۵ĽӰҲվ˳λվڿжӣɢϢ˿ڶԷй֮
˿̵ϵĴŴƽʱһЩԭĳսףҲƽ׶˼ְֻ˵ӦеİҲΪΪһλԲݰ
Ҳͬ˼ˣùҲɣİͬʱڸղŵλߵߣֶһӰ
ϵĴŴЩƣֻЩ̫һһۼףͷ·۶ɵһ㣬ÿһƬƬӲӵƽͬʱָһּ᲻ɴݵĸо͸һ˿⾳
ŶԷĻһ䣬ʵӰĲԶһϮֵۣϣС챮ɢһֵǡ
Īӿ·λߵĶţ÷ǳ棬֪ⳡսȻ޷ճɾ컯һλҲܹһս֮󣬽ɾ컯ѡ̵ֻʣ䶨֮ǰҪһ̭ˡ
·λϵϢĪȻ֪ԭжǿȴԲ뵽Ϣǣ֮£ǽЩÿһΪкܴ컯ľ磬Ѿúܽˡ
սѾʼûʲô˵ıҪλ߶վ֮ߵĿռ䣬Ϳʼ𽥱Ťÿ϶һ֮ĵϣͬʱĪӸоڤ֮еعһ̷һŤһع򣬳׵Ľѹ£ڶʱڳΪڤع
ŤĿռ֮УλߵߣʼһЩ߸ֳһƬɳսһɱʵߣǳһƪΡĹȺ˾ƬȺ룬ǣһӱθ
˵λߣʼֵλһƬ޾ɽľЩϡ裬ȴабڣɱһǿʳﾺĻ档
λɫۼ׵ĴߣޱߵĴ󺣣ϲӿܲˮݷïϷ෱ࡣ
ЩߵĻ棬ǸյȨϢϢأͱ뷷Ϊ۾յȨб֮£ɱ˲¡ֳĻ棬һƬɳվɱű꣡
λʢ۾յȨҲΪƣԻһƬȺĴһЩ֮УƺǱ񣬻ȺɽʱݵǿʳĻ棬ҲȽϷ϶ԷȨ˵飬źȻǲö˵
ָȨԻĻ棬˴˽֯һ𣬾ͷ·ȫͬĵòƴһ飬ϵһ𽻻㣬˴֮Ȼμ
ֽ֮£ĪӽĿλߵӰˣڵһƬռ䣬һı仯ǿһƬСռ䣬ԭĿռ֮ϣһ
Ī˫εĿȻͿеľȫɫâʼϵ˸
ֵֽı仯ĪӵǵһμĴߵĽźܴ𣬿ߣͨĴߵĲͬɡ
ڹâ˸֮£ˡ飬ʱҲڿʼսˡ
һҫ۵Ľ⣬ӪǰٴΧڣһΣһʱ䣬ҳ¡ҢΧɨһȦҲ·󷨵һֱ仯
ʹõ󷨵ĪҲһ˿̾󷨵ǿ֮֮ϵ裬Բ̫ܹ࣬ͼĻҲһս
ǵɨһȦ֮󣬶˵һӾ˲СҪȶˣƺ˲ռȻ
֮УȻûô࣬һЩҲУԭ׼ģӦһ׼Ҳǳĳ֣Ȼô򵥾ͱ塣
໣
ǵɢ֮󣬴Χ֮УͻȻһ߿
ͷ·һһ쳤Х֮ͬʱһεѾÿһ˵ĶС
ڤ֮У޴ڵڤ֮һ֮£ĽͬХơ
һ飬һشֵĽɫ⣬ǳԵ˲١
һ߿֮󣬴Χ֮УһƬīɫ˳һϯ֮ڤĵϣĸʴĺۼҺܶطܹīɫճҺ塣
Ϊղŵһ߿ܵشʱīɫһֵѹûüӦֱӱīɫûϵ⣬īɫ֮бĥɾ
󷨣
ĪӿЩɵ飬ϵı鲢ûʲô仯ȴЩƽ
ղһ߿֮īɫֶΣͬ󷨡
֮ǰ˴֮ս֮УȻһֱã˵õûô࣬µⳡսȻͬʱʹ󷨣Ҳ߱󷨡


ڰ˰ ֶ
ĪΪˡ忪սʹ󷨵飬΢еһЩȣ֪ǣʵҲйϵ
Դоͼ֮ƵͼǹͼǴʣǺߣѾһ׮رˣȫûʱܹõ컯ȱݣĺʵĵ̸
ͼУҲӳ˿µĪܹ֮նɱɵ׳١
󷨱ͲʲôС嶼ȽӣĪ֮ϵͻƣҲ֮УøѧһЩ󷨵á
ƲĪͼûа취ʱʱ̴̿ܣɾһܵ׼ս֮õ󷨣ȴʲô̫ѵ飬һܹ
īɫվǰЩ飬ȫûˣƾīɫʱһʱЩ飬ʱӳĻǿ»ȫīɫ֮С
ĪѾпǣԼҪҪжһЩֽţȾЩ顣
˵嶼Լ֮֮ĸȫ֣ܲĵһʱĪӿɲԼǹʮа˾ŻָԤ
Īӵ뷨ֻתһ£ȻͱѹڻֵʱΪЩ飬ûΪôһСС鷳ɥʧֿ
һʼͱΪ˼ǰЩ鷳ĵһʱ䣬Щ飬˹Щȡ˾Ԯ
֮УһڽӲӵĴͻȻ֮ƯĽɫڴϣȻڴϣһ׵ţһһ㣬˺գӪ
ڽӲӵĴӣһƷΪȨӦһλȨ飬йĵļ
ڶĻ֮£ǿһԴԴһ㣬һһƬĵ֡
ƺҲһ֮һЩֶΣЩ߱˸ǿɱ
£ĪӾע⵽һߣƺܵӰ죬īɫ˲ͱ䵭ˡ
һӰŸΧı߾ȥƺ׼չһײ
ӪһһЩȫīɫ۶ɵӰײ֮ǰֳΡ
ЩӰǧϵϢǳĵ飬Ҳƻ壬һ翵ĸо
ЩӰ֮һȫһٶȷɿӰӣȫһ顣
Īӿٶһλ飬˲Ϣ֮ͺһīɫӰӽӴһ߿ʼʱλУɫ˳һԲӭīɫӰӡ
飬ȴλһ㶣ΪĹīɫӰӸܣôӴһ𣬶Ӵһ֮ǵīɫӰӣȻֱӴ˹ȥûܵ˿Ӱ졣
ڴ˹֮īɫӰӣֱӺλһ𣬹֮жԷˣϵȱûʱ򱣻ȫԷˡ
ǵīɫӰ֮ϵ̱ðͷ·ǱīɫӰȾһ㣬ͬʱӰȻӿ׹䡣
Īӿ֮ϵĽⲢûɢζŶԷû䣬Ҳܹ˵һ⣬ǾǵīɫӰӣʵƺرǿ
ģǺڶīɫӰӣʮӰ˵˵ϣʱʧȥ˷λ飬ʮӰӵĹͬΧ֮£λϵɢˡ
ЩīɫӰ֮Χڣһ׹ɵľޣҲ¶Ӱ
׹ǾͿǳӴܹԿǰһֻˮеȻڳΪ˰׹ǣڷеĹ֮УҲʶİڶβͣˮһε
׹Ǿ޵˫۴ȼɫĻ棬·˫һ㣬ɭֳţͺɢϢһ
׹ǾϵϢԼѾ˽ɵľ磬ϲһϡ
ǰĹ֮У׹Ǿſͣ³һɺӰķΧԶȫﵽΧڣӴ飬ϵ˲ɢˡ
ֶΣĪӿ·ѵ
·īɫӰӣһİ׹ǾޣǼΪǿֶΣҪ˵ЩȫȫƾԼоģʵЩСٲ֧֡
ЩīɫӰӣǶĿЧҲԲȻγɵģֶΣĪƾԼһЩ˿²ЩīɫӰӣӦ֮һֶΣԲŵġ
Ǿ޴İ׹ǾޣҲƵֶΣȻ֮Ĳ࿴ƱȽϴ󣬵׻Ÿϵһֶεչ
һֶƣʺսһֶΣƣŪԼɾİ׹Ǿޡ
ֶ֮£һȻҲʾһ;޴ĿܣΧ֮ð˳ڤصȻѿлһģһĽ
һģһĽΰĳǽΪΰĳǽϷЩŹֵĻ
չ˵״Ƿǰһںڶĳܣв޴ļʸ沼ķģڲ棬ҲֲСȻûʲôӦҲǹֶû
ԱߣмλڲţǵĶۣĪվǳǹ⣬˹ȥ
䣬䣡
ͬʱڤĴأ֮Уһ¡
ͬʱɫĹâ֮ñٶȣе;޴İ׹Ǿޡ
â֮£;޴İ׹ǾޣӶ˷飬ʣ²ƵȻǿǰ
飬ǳڰټѧɣģȻǱҵѧӣΣ칤ѧɵѧӡ
ЩɾѧӣûзԼǰѧ칤ѧɣΪǣӵиʱ䣬ȥоԼĻأȥֵĶ
ȻΪ֮ԭһټΪûˣǼѧϰټ֮кܴ谭칤ѧܵӰԱȽСһЩ
ڵЩĽЩǰĻؿܣͬҲǵƷ
ƾǵЩֶΣЩīɫӰӣӦЩ鷳׹žޣӦúܱܿǽ
֪һӦܹŵסĪӾͽĿ⣬֮Уâҫĵطȴżλ߻Ȩ֮ϵײⳡսͷϷ


ڰ˰ 
λߵսܹģֻһƬŲʵĹâǱ˴֮սҲƺûвΧ·Ǵһõ״̬
Īܹоģعı仯λߵ֮Уڤ֮еعʼնܵǵӰ졣
ĪӲ֪ǵֽ֣Ҫֳܹ֮ʤӦһܺķʱḶַ́ͨʽδؾֳܹʤ
ȻһƬҫĹâ֮У񵽵һռϷ磬Ǹعϸ΢仯ĪӶٻһЩ²ġ
λ֮УռһЩϷģӦһĹʡ
ıʱãصҲʱҲܳлһռ˸Ƶ£ʽ¶һЩʵʵȨײ֮УȻûбֳѹ̬Ҳռ൱Եơ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĪӸоعַ˷ǳԵı仯͹ʡյȨйصǲعȻ֮ѹܻͬԾع򣬶Ľȫѹȥ
Ӧֱ仯Ī鲻ɵ֣һ֣žͿԭ˸ŵĹӰͻȻ֮ͱâҳ׵ȶ
âȶ֮ǿϢӰɶڿк˷ɳ˰ңȵͣ
һĻĪӣǲɵ΢΢һ˿Ц⣬ΪɳӰһĴߣʹȨײ֮УʺҪʤһ
֮еĹӰɢʺӰҲ֮Уλ߾ͺǸղųֵʱһûʲô仯ͷ·ղŵĽ֣ʤûʲôӰһ㣬ϸ۲Ļܹˡ
λߵϣǵϢûнͣи˵ѹȸУȴ֮н˲٣Ϣ֮ж˼鸡
ɴ˿ɼȨ֮ײλ˵ʵһЩӰģ˴á
Ȩײ֮ȡʤ͹ˣʱϵϢղȴָʢһ֣һ֮С
λû˿ķϻ˴֮һʧԭأٴγֵʱѾ˸ߴĸ߿գ߶ѾĪվǳ

ĪһıײȻ֮оһÿռѾӰ쵽վǳԭͲڤǳԼһֲȣҪȥļ
ĪڵķתסԼվǳȻ̧ͷŸ߿ա
ĪӿλߣѾʼ׽ɱˡ
սꪣλͬŵһ˳ײһ
˶һս磬ƣ˴˽ֵʱҲ˽սķʽֻǵĽ֣ĸоΪ죬ű·һ㣬һαײ˫þöûзֿȫûһĶ
Īӵܹĺ֮佻ֵգһα˴˱ײʵȴһյıƴеı֮ϣûй¶١
ڿֵķʽܹ죬ʵȴûκλڵıƴ
֮£ʺ֮ıƴҪһЩ
챮Ĺʣɢ⣬ƬڤأȾһƬɫһƬ貵룬ʵǰĳ罫ƬػУһĳǱƬصѹ
Ϊֵ񣬱ԼֳһƬأǸĵľҰ޵Ĳʳ·˵ǿ
Թʵһƣ˫ͬʱϵϢ÷ǳĿ񱩣ͬʱ͸һֻ⾳ʱ⵹Ҫһе뵽һƬ֮С
λߵһײÿռ䵴˵ΧռѾ׵ˡ
һιײĽƺǹռһЩϷ壬һ֮£񱳺һƬĴˡ
΢һЩȴȫûк˰벽˵Ϣøӿˡ
ͷŭһҲһЩ仯һ˲һЩɫë¶λãԭһҲͬԳһ˫۵ͫױѪɫ
ڷı仯֮Ϣ˲䱩һأƺ⻹ûн
Ȼ֮ǰһˣֱӾ͵˹ʵǰѾëĴ֣ǰĴ·һֻ˿֮еҰޣ˱ܵĹ֮С
ͬҰһ񣬹ֱӽе챮׳
챮뿪Ƶɲǣ˲ɰƴСɸߵľ޴񱮣ɢŽɫ⣬ͬʱҲ¶һѹһе⾳
ͬҰһĹոտʼԵľͳ챮ѹ
޴챮֮£Ͽ񱩵Ϣûѹȥһҵƣɫë·һ˫ѪͫУҲ¶˸౩
𣡡
ٴ췢һҲʼѹϵ챮ӲĿ
Ȼ챮ͬʱȴһγˡ
һɫĺһţͷ­üĴһϸĻۡ
һɭĽ⣬ǳĴ⣬̺ģֻһɷޱȵĽ⡣
֮ڼ͵˲ͣһ˫ɺͫףɫҲһ˲ЩˣϿ񱩵ϢҲ˼֡
ڼͷ챮ʱɢøѹڿаƺһܹ̾䳹׵ѹ
ͬһʱ䣬ڽֵͺҲµĶ
ԭһ𣬰춼ûʲô仯ıУȻɢһֿ񱩵ϢȻнӴĵطռ䱻һ飬ܰѱͬʱջأͬһʱ̱ǵ˴̳

һײҵڶεײڤռ䶼ҡռҵ𵴣ڤ֮еĻ壬Ҳظеһ𵴸С
ڶײ֮󣬽ȴһĴߣǹǿȻ󵯷ɣ֮лһۣһֱɳףסԼΡ
סԼεһ̣սꪣѾٴδ̵ǰ
Īӿһꪣһ˲䣬ĺ΢΢еЩͣΪս֮ϣ·һͬһڶһ㣬Χһеع򣬻ΧĿռ䣬ֻڤ֮޴ڵڤ֮·𶼱ˡ
еڲϵѹţһ֮У֪һе̺һֲ
սĪӸеЩ΢΢Ŀ֮У˺ϵǼۼףǼۼϣһ˲ҫһӰ
ϧǣӰսꪵ֮£ûмֶ೤ʱ䣬ͱֱӴɢˣսꪴǼɫۼףǰֱû˺ڣ䷢һʹ


ڰ˰ 
˳ɣ
űսꪴ˵ĺĪһЩ˵ģͬʱȴǾ衣
λߵĽ֣һλߣռϷ磬սſʼãͽߴˡ
ȻԷܵƣڴ˵ر鷳ƾһģȥƾͻʤĳɹ
ΪĪŸҪ߾裬֮ǰ׼ģûһĵôܻȥ顣
ԣʱȡϷ磬ĪӲܹǣѾ׼ĺˣ׼ֱͶսһЩֶΣʱ඼Ӧ÷ˡ
ոͷĪͻȻ֮һоԼԣϤϢ֮ǰһƹͰ
һͳĪӵߣһһңԼĪӼм䡣
ĪڵķתϵϢ΢΢ͷųһЩŤͷߵλɣ˵ƹѾĿˡ
ĪӵѿֵĵطȷһѵλãǴϵսǸ߿մߵ棬ﶼܹǾһ㿴һɣ
һԵİû˵Ҳ΢΢ͷԼ˼
λǿߣʱĪӵǰԼЩĪж˼ôʵǵͼѾˡ
׼ĺ֣Ӧõ˷ʱʱĪӵߣΪ˿סĪӣĪƻǵж
ƹĻĪɫһ䣬ҪڣͻȻ·оʲôĿ˸߿ڽֵλߡ
ֻ챮ѹ񣬺ͱսꪴ˵ĺ϶ͻȻһֹϢ
ֹϢֵ˲䣬ԭͺѾ˥ȥϢϽһ㣬Ȼ֮ǿһء
ѹİ˫֮мʧȥɵһ˫ɺ֮ͫУȻ֮䱬ޱĹʣ͵վֱӣӲĽѹϵ챮˦˸߿գͬʱȻſڣһѪĹâ˹ʵϣؿڴһ
һѪɫĹâһźһĴڣһɺ飬˸ߵĵط
˵ĺһ̣ǿץסսꪣ֪ǿһ˲佫սѹƣһ˦ԼеսꪣԺɨ֮ƣؿڣ˶ҷ˳ȥ
֮УѾ˶ܺͷӦԣգǱԷһˣͷ·һּȶĹϵԷһҳȷҪվһУмûκΰ취ֹ
Ȼ֮䣬ƺתˣղռϷ͹ʣͬʱֻˣ˵ĺȴĪһء
Ī˫֮ɫĹâϸĿλߣʱҲ˲ԼĿ⣬᲻ߵĲãĪ֪ǣλߣǵġ
ĪӾãӦúֹϢйأ֪ǣϢʲôܹôߵʵγֵģ
Īӵϸ֮£λϵĹϢȷսԴͷֻģĪӾͿЩˣϾλһƷ飬Ҳûô͸
֮
Īӿ³⼸֣ȻĿٴɨԵˣɢϢҲһЩ
ȻλߵĵϸԼܹģĪļʶĪӾ֪λֹϢӦ֮ԭ򣬻仰ʵ֮ͻȻߣΪֶΡ
ܹ֮࣬˺ˣͬҲ÷ʽֶܹ֮Σͱ˵ͺϵĹϢӦþ֮ܵļǿǶʱߡ
ֶ֮£ս߼ǿֻʱģֻҪܹս߼ǿʱڣԼĶֽ֮Ͳʲô⡣
ĪĿȻ֮תڤأ˳Ǽ΢ɲĹϢԴĪͼѰҷ֮ĵطĿĪӲûҵ
ǣĪ֮ͨĸӦȴܹ֪֮ⷢĵطڤأΧڡ
ڣĪӴѾˣʱΰǸԵġ
ֶΣЩԽģûнԷҳȵʱһг䶨ԷȫͿ˵Ǹһ飬Լڰ֮
ĪڣҪƾԼ֮ĸӦȥ֮ҳܹƻԷֶΡ
Ҫ뿪µǳЩ鷳Ϊߣλǿߡ
ȻЩ鷳ȴǲòģⳡ֮ȻڤϵҲ֣վһеģǴ֮棬һλߣԲܾʧܡ
뵽ĪӽŲǰ̤һŲƶһɲǣߵƹͰ˸ԵϢĪӣλɾǿߵϢ֮£ĪӸоԼǰһͻ⵽˵Ĺ
ȻָоĪҲǺԥһû˿η塣
һͬʱԵƹͰжֹĪӡ
ƹͰԲĪӶ֣ⲢĪܹҲֻολɣĽɡ
˶ַһɲǣĪϾ̱ɫĹâ֣ΧĿռ䣬Ҳһ̷·𳹵׵סˣƹͰĶΪ֮һ͡
ȻһЩĹȻǹĪӣֻǹĽȴû˿á
ĪӾû𣬽Ųڼǰߣ赭дĽĹΡ
һĻƹͰͬʱһϵԼĪӵĶ֣û뵽ԼĹԷȻӦԵף˵ĪӵʵʵԻԤ֮еĸǿ
ʶһ㣬ʱҪģסĪӣĪȥƻֻ֮ǿҲС
վסĪӵѣ֮Լ֮˸֮⣬ò֣ڻվҪֵĺãƹһٴγ֣һڿ˵
һֵʱȻҪȸղŲִٵһҪǿö࣬ƻӶ֮䣬һĵз·ܹռпնϡ
һԵİȻû˵ĹͬҲȸղŸǿˣͬʱǰӳһһˮ·ǻĪӲƶݻһ̫֮
˵һιĪȻղһ޶ãֱӻعīתһɲǣѾУһӣƹͰһηĹˡ
ҲգȽǣȻٽ¶һǵ޳оīȣĪƽ


ڰ˰ Ʒ
īȵһ֮ȻЩƹͰԤϣǸղŵһѾʵģû뵽ô׵ľͱƳˡ
ԭȶĪӵ˽⣬֪ĪֶΣӦƵӣԼһصϹͨīɱĪǿֶΡ
ȻⲢǿֶΣ˿̾ѾǺܴѹǲЩɣܲܽĪһֱӵλߵս
ͷ࿼ǣΪϾҪ顣
Īеī֮ϣһԲεɫâīɢ˲Ϣ֮䣬ֱӵ˵ǰ
ƹͰѾǰɫâȻӶ˸ʩչͬķֶΡ
ΪİߣεӰһˮһΧݻ̫֮ת֮䣬ͷ·׵ĺڶһ㣬һϮȫա
ƹǳһĺâͬһĵâһиһе⾳ΧĿռ֮һۣԵɫâ飬Ҳĵâ˳ĪϮȥ
˶סԼһιĪҲû˿⣬λɾڵĶ֣ԼһιסǲŻе⡣
ľԪ鸡ĪӵͷɢʸеĹâϮЩâȫסĪӸҪٴηͻȻ֮䶯ʱһ䣬Ȼһתеīȣԥ֮һ㡣
īȹᴩ֮У˲֪֮ĪͻȻĶΪڶֵİƹ˲һ㶣˲ûзŹͻȻ֮Ļᣬᣬ˺ԥķ˹
гһɫɴԥؽ׳ɫɴֵһɲǣ˲ʧΣΧĿռ䣬·һ˲仯һƬˮռ䶼ճġ
ƹǾԼһֻƣƵһֻ޴޵Ӱ
ֻӰеһֻ룬ϸֻ޵ϣȴǧֻ㣬ÿһ㣬ǰ˶Ƿĵһ㣬˫ǰ˵ǰ㣬ȫǴ󵽿ŵĵ棬ֻҪȡ£ȫԵʹá
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ƹͺһƣͬһ޼᲻ݵĴ󵶣˺˿ռ䣬·նʱ䣬ôĪնȥ
˿̵ĪӣΪղͻȻľٶϰֶΣѾѱܿһˣõİ취ѡ䵲
ĪͷľԪ飬һ̿ʼתһ⣬ԴԴϵشľԪ֮ɢһϢ޾⾳
һ⣬ƹһ赲Ҳǳļѣƹĵ֮£һɢȥ⣬ͷ·ǴֽƬһ㣬׾ٵľͱնƣҼһĥһƺûбĶ١
ĪѸٵش֮гīȣīһᣬ˶׼ƹֵȻһʻīȼʢ
նһɫâ֮ƹֵսӴʢʻ֮ϣֱʱ·޼᲻ݵһڲűסˡ
Īܹоƹһϣ·ԴԴϮ֮ʱǳĺ󾢣ͬ߱ϢܹһԽһסĵķһ¡
ƹֵ֮ԴԴϵձĪīȼ˵ʢʻסˣǷ·һʻڳһ֮ƺû˿ˣɻǽεģ
ƹɫ䣬ЩţԼһȻᱻ׾ٵƽ⣬Ϊͨ
ƹһɫҲǳأĪӵжͬʱҲܹоƹһ̺ɼ֮Ī˵ȴûʲô鷳
ĺǽӦ鷳ˡ
ĪеīͻȻ֮俪ʼ쳤ԭǳӲȣȻʼˣǰλɲƶȥ
׼ܵʱĪͷľԪɢĹâҫ˵ϣȻ޷ƶˣҲڱľԪɢâʴ·ҪǵΪľ
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˱ϾǽɣʵĪӣҲûô׾ͱϱīȲסһ̣ҲȻûз
ķʽһģһģֳǵԭΡ
廹壬ڻָԭ£ǵʵܹõ̶ȷӵʱ
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ƹͰ׼ֳԭεʱϵīȣɢīɫĹâСʼնûʲô仯յƹͰоǳʹࡣ
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Īӽ˫̯˫֮䣬ɢһЩŹֵľ֮ϣмٴĵϣԼһˮ֮ϡ
Īӵ˫֮䣬Ӵķʼϵѹ۳ӣ˫֮䡣
Ī̧˫ƣǰȥ
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˵ʱѾ׵ĻΪԭΣϵīȣսڣһĴˣһԵİҲˡ
ɼǻָԭΣҲûסӣһһңôûƹͰڡ
ɲ֮䣬ոջָԭεƹͰӴ嶼һ·Ǳסһ㣬ԭһˡ
ĪԼƣڵīȣ̻âһ𣬻ָ˱ģɻĪӵС


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ŻָīȣĪӿŴԭѾָԭ͵ƹͰϵϢ΢ƽһЩ
񶼱ű˴˵ĿƣҵȻ׵ƻƽľͽնɱҲǵôߵɡ
ðĴϵֶΣֻҪǰĴҪȫȥһʱͲᷢȻҪǲˣҲƴȫԿҲ֪Щͨжǿ
˵仰֮ĪĿڤĸ߿һɨڱѹŴ͹ʣӰ˲뿪ԭأڤ֮Χڶȥ
֮ʱûڿռ֮ץһѣǼɫıɴˡ
Īӱ뾡ȥֶ֮ΣĪҲЩ취ֶδϣҪȻĻ͹һҲֻƴˡ
ĪӵӰʧԭصƹͰȴǴ󼱣ΪûĪӵҲΪĪӵֶΣǵơ
λѾֳԭ˽ɣܹоĪӴ뵽ڵһӣѾǵѿˣڵһǱĵϣҲڱԴԴϵ֮С
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ΪˣֻվĿĪ뿪ͬһ㣬ҳ嶯Լ
ĪηΧڤ֮⣬ȴͬһʱŽ档
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Լø֣Ѿˣ㻹Ҫ𣿡
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֮ԣĽѾڤ֮еΧٲٻأǾͲҪ彫ˣ
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ֻһطĴߣʵΪ飬򰵵չ档
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⻹һ־ǿߣѾϵڤ֮УҲչһ档
Īӽ뵽Χ֮󣬾ſԼʶƾ֮ĸӦָĪȻʶûа취ʲô⣬Ȼȷķǰ
ǰĹ֮УĪͬʱҲڷĶãһ֮ʩչλãһ߿Լղźƹֵʱһ顣
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ţסϯӦһɫıϣʼѸٵĳһƣлһֹϢȻĪЩŵĿ֮УǺɫıƬϯӦ壬Ҳ֮顣
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Ȼ֮ѾֹͣˣƬСռȻû飬Ҳûгһ㣬ĪһЩǡ


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֮ܶڤ֮ĽģЩάֵĴĺƽǾʹսˡ


ڰ˰һʮ 
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͹ʳĵһʱ䣬ǵķӦǱλߣʧȥ˷֮£ͺնɱǱⳡ֮б߳ȥˡ

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һ̣ʶĶɻǽ˫ǰƺԼ֮ǰҪԼһ汳룬˵һЩǰĹҲð
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ڤĿռ䣬Ƿģ


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ԣʵһЩᣬĳɾ컯ģҲһ͹ʡ


ڰ˰һʮ 
ĸֿʼ󳷣еҲѡ˳ˡ
һս֮У鱾Ͳر࣬ڸܹԿøˣʧ֮һҡ
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λĴ߿ź˵ĸ֣ԭҲ׼뿪ˣתһɲǣŲȴͻȻ֮ͣ
ĿڤУΨһһŲƵǳüͷһ£ΪǿߵϢ˵ʶȡ
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ڤ߿Уһλߴ˿һε͹ʵǰϾλĴñȽϽսѾˣҲҪֹԷһЩǵ
λĴ߿ǰƹͰȻһ˿ŭ𣬿ɺܿͱѹȥˣʵҲûʲô÷ŭģϾŭκε⡣
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ֻϯӦ˲ߣֱӵǰλĴ˵ôٴҪ򣡡
ϵͨλĴ߷̧ƣϯӦ˵ոձѹȥŭ̲סðһЩ
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Īӵ˫ƴ֮һľ֮ϣĪӵϣݵƹͰϡ
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ĪӵͷСݣüͷ΢΢һ£
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ĪӾԼͨкܴĸĽռ䣬ţӦЩиĽλĴߵ
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Īӿλ߿֮͹ζ΢΢˻ΣȻ״̬̫á
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ڤصĵòһս֮ĿȫǣҲࡣ
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ĿؿΧڣòƻǹâЩ֮ûԭˣЩ֪ܴڶã֮Щ壬պҲ֪ȥδӡ
ĪӿЩͻȻЩһս֮Ա˲٣ȵ͹ʱ˴˽һ֮ʱЩ飬ղֻ֪˶٣


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һս֮βеĻǱȽϿģԭβģϾһ飬ΪȽϵ͵飬Ҳ൱򵥵ģ˲ʮĹһβѾˡ
վǿŲƵǳϣĪӿ·һЩڤأעȴЩڤϣǳСĵڴŵĻϡ
ս֮βոսЩһֱŵĻ壬һЩӱȽϴʿֱ˳ʼڱһս֮УϸѰš
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ܹҵƷĿԲ󣬵ʣһЩٻһЩջ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
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ͨĪӵΪֹûиȷһ֣ΪĪӶԼͨżϣԼܹͨǿﵽԼ֮ǰԤƵĻԼͨҲһǰͨ֡
ͨĽһƱȽ˳ĪڻڹһЩ顣
ڤ֮еսѾˣЩԭΧĪӶмڻͷ·ѾƬĪԼܹܵǱߵϢ»Ļã峹˳֮
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ĪѾʼпǣԼҪҪڤ֮Уôɵš
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Ҫɾ컯أҪ˵ʵʱھһʵʱ


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ٴγֵʱɻڤ֮УֵֻλãȴĪӸоЩ
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ĪӿǵĲãóڲõĶֱ廨ţࡣ
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ʱŤͷĪӣȻĪȡԼõͼ佻С
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ǰȥǰǰһ֣ͭгһſȫ۵Ļ磬䶪֮ͭС
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ĪһУ˵˼ǣصʢֲ֮֮飬֮˵ķʢҪΪֻصĹͣһܹ֮䳤棬нҪԴԴϵĴȥ
ϵϢƺʼϵͬʱҲƺǱԽԽˣ·ܹӴ˴ֱӴݵڤֻصıԴ֮С
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һƬհףûʲôѾõݣһݲڲϸ֣ͬʱҲϵĽдһݴ
УĪϸţЩӦöǾõģһЩݡ
һݣ漰ǵĲһҲֻЩݲֻܹϿɡ


ڰ˰һʮ æð
Ī³һ仰ŵͬʱҲעⷽԲǧ֮⣬ʱܵˡ
ĶҪ˶ãΧصķ޷ڱεˣֻصıԴ֮ĴߣܻܲҲܻ޶ԡ
ĪѾ׼ʱͼ˵ִŵʱʱ֧һʱ䣬˵ܹ֧ŶãǾҪˣ²ΪĪӻǻȱȫԼϾæģֲ¡
ϾžŰʮһΪظ£ԴΪֻתƽڤΪؼ֮׼
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λĴߣˮ֮ҲżΪˮһԱ츳ͨˮ֮ϼΪռƣΪ߲ε壬֮䣬ˮйصжܹ˵ȻҪһԭ򣬻Ϊģֻһɶѡ
뷨ûʲô⣬ʵʷ飬˵뷨кܴ
λ߽ȥļΪܳʱȴǼΪǱ̣Ҳһʱѡ


ڰ˰ٶʮ ؼ
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ЩĴ߲ûк˶ãһжΪ֪ĪֻʱģȻĪԸ
ôĴߣȴĴǣסЩܹԸǰӵģĸȻǰ޲ߡ
ղųһСλһζˣһΣû֮ǰ³çĳһжһ齸ʯ
е齸ʯǰһףССһ齸ʯ̱ľ޴ޱȣǰ֮УȻȵ֮У˿ˮӰ죬ڽһı
ĪӸо齸ʯˮ֮ˮȻ֮·ЩˣԼٿȻһ˿ɬУܹһķɱʴˮе齸ʯҲЩΪͷ·Ǳһ㡣
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һֺգ֮к󣬾Ȼֻǰ߳ˮУһ߻ˮϣγһˮһĻ档
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УĪӻڴԪ«ˮһǹˮ仯۵ɫ˿ߣǳΡ
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ĪĿĶڴһ̻漣ͷܹؼһʧܵĻһУǾǰ׷ˡ


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ǵʿռ֮еӰĪϸĴŶԷ
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תŵԲַͨǳĲͨתţתȴ̺
Բһ˲䣬Īӱ֪ʲôֻش֮ľֻ֣رԴչ֣ԵȷȷʵʵڵԲҲԵǲڣʱ䳤ͬĶ
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ڰ˰ٶʮ һ̷
ʶ»ع鵽壬ĪӸоһ˲ľ㱣ҲֻǶ̶̵һ˲ѣʶָʱĻ棬̧ƣͼٴιĻ棬һԵֻصڶûɢ
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˿ڵķڷٵתԪеԪ«УΪղźֻرԴĽӴѾ˶ʮ˵ĪʶֻصıԴ֮ѹΪµĹϵ
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ֻرԴܿʧˣ˿̵ѾɹˣϵϢְθ˼֣컯磬ֿһ󲽡
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仰˵꣬Ƭʿռ֮е正Ȼûκα飬ȴ΢΢˵ͷƺͬĻ
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ĪӴһ·ߣȥһºݵķ⣬˳Ҳȥɡ
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ɵŵʱֱһѵĴ֣ӲʵѾ߱ںݷչŵĵ
һЩ֮ںݺܿվ˽ŸĪӵġ÷ŵҲͽһˣչȻøѸ١
Ż֮ʵ֮죬ĪǸеĵģչ죬ɱҲһЩ⣬ĪӴȥɣҲδûаӵ˼
ϾڵĵӣҲ÷۵ĵӣŻˣҲûгǽɽҲǴ÷۷֧ţչ˵ĵط˳չһ¡


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
һЩ᫵ɽ·ϣĪӽŲǰţ˫ָһͥŲģĿʱʱΧЩڰɽĽ
ݣĪֻ˼ʱ䣬ԭ·ߵñȽȤĶͻͣ΢ĿһĶĪһ۾ܹϸɴ飬Īȴöûˣȥ飬ĪҲܹоϢ
Թ뺷ұȽ϶ˮˮ彻սʱ򣬾Ĵ꣬Ϊ˶ִʩҲûа취׵Ľ⣬ԣˣסĵطɽɽһЩƽ̹ĵطס˱Ƚ١
ôĸǣһ룬ҲڵƱȽϸߵĵطֻһЩǣƽԭĵش
⺣ݵķݣͦɫģϵЩݣĪӲɵ
֮УطɽģȻסڶѨ֮Уݸ֮еĶѨûкôࡣ
˶Ѩ֮⣬ЩɽϵĽ֮УҲкܶǷݣǼʯɣɽ࣬ʯ̶ɽ壬޽ŷǳԵˮȽϼⳤΧˮϷˮй
뺷ǾסЩݣܹ΢һЩˣķǳĴֿ񣬿͸һֲСڵĸо
Ī˳᫵ɽ·һֱߵϷݱȽ϶ĵطعЩݽ
ӦһСӣ˿ڴӣķݶһɽϣоЩӵģʵҲˣӵĻ͵Сӿôɾġ
һռѾõĲС֮УĪȴһռСĹ㳡һЩ䲻Ǻܴ꣬ڼ÷ǳ׳ĺӵĴ£ϰ
ȽСĺͯ˴׷Ϸ֮ʱľľ֮ģҲûء
Ī˼æµĸŮ̸ǵ̸֮Уڵ֡
˵ڵһλҪ׼ˣ֪ܲܳɣ
ͱϹˣ㻹Ƕ룬Ǽ̶յͯʱܲѡϰɣǰżҵǺӣ˵Ѿʿˣ

ĻĪ˺üŮ̸ۣǵ֮У׾ܹǶԼŮܹǳڴҲܹӲ˵ںޣǱȽϵĵġ
ʵҲǣںһ뺷ĵطνİԵǿʵνĻ̣ǸһƷʣûһʿϣԼܹסԼ
ЩݣĪǶһĨЦ⣬ǰСҲûʲôֵٿⶫˣĪһֱӱʧԭء
ĪӼӿһЩٶȣڵĵطȥ
;ʱĪӻһˣҲԼһͥŲȺ֮ԷΪѾﵽɾ磬Ӧפںݵˡ
ĪӲûоŶԷֻסԼΣĵǰԼĿĵأûãĪӾڵפء
ڵפأҪݵɽɵĶֻ࣬һɽ壬ǺüɽһСɽ
һ壬ΡߴΧмɽ壬幰С
ĪӿǰЩɽ壬ϵЦݲɵһ˿ڵ⼸ɽ壬ǼǳƬԲԭפˡ
һҲԿ֮ǰǳ׹ΣڴģΣ֮⻹л
ŵػ󷨣Īӵǰͬ裬͸ػ󷨣Ī˲Ͳ׽У˵Ϣ
һһǧˣ񾳽ϵʿȻﵽ˰ϣʵЩ⣡Īӿ˵ȻŲɽȥ
еС֮УµӵܹǧģԲǳĶ࣬÷һѡ߾Ӣ·ߵģٹǧ꣬µӵһܹ١
һЩŵĵӱȽ϶ģ񾳽ʿҲܹô࣬һЩʱȽƾõɣΪµĳܹôĸ֣ڽʱҲûж೤ܹһ㣬Ǿͷǳ˲ˡ
Ī߽֮Уһ·ϣЩ֮æµĵӣ֮еĸֲãĪӷ֣еһЩط÷ۺ񣬵һЩӦǷ÷ָۣʵе֮Ĳá
Īֱڵȥ֮䣬ֱϣĪӲѹԼĴڸУ΢ſһ˿ԼϢ
ʱһǿϢϯڣ½ֻĪһ˿ϢҲһЩΪ͵ĵӣоĪѹ
Ϊ񾳽µĵӣһ̶оԼϷ·Ѻǧصһһ·ѡ
񾳽ϵģҪ΢һЩҲо˲Сѹ
ҲĪӵϢûʲô⣬ֻǵͷųһ˿ûܵصӰ졣
ϵɣһʱ͸оǿϢɫ˲һ䣬Ȼ֮վȴ¶һЦݣΪѾоǵǿϢĹͬһԴ
ǾʹţųϢˣӦǺһеĹĹܹͷųǿϢˣֻ뵽ˣһǳɲõǣһʦĪӡ
ǳɵʱ˵ԸǵĿԲǾֻĪˡ
Ϊ뵽һ㣬ϲŶһ˿Цݡ
һһչ죬ʵһֱϣĪһܹһΣʲô¶Ҳá
Ļɽĵ˵һĪĹ裬ͬ˵ҲӷĴ󵨷չŵĵ
ڣĪѾڣҷųԼϢ
һ߸æȥһ߿ٵʶѸڵӣͨĵӲҪţʦˣҲеĳϣǸϿӭӡ
ĪʱųԼϢڸԼˣҲڰԼԼպµʱܹ˵ֵ
뵱ҪŻʱĪǰ˵飬ĪӾһڴӦŵķչҲٲ÷۵֧֣ЩȻ˲÷ˣΪ÷۵ӵĹУȴּ˼֡
ɺܿԼ֮пĪӣĪվɽ´ЦԼɸæ첽˹ȥ
ɣݼʦ棬ӭʦǰڣ
ĪӿɣĿɨһ۶ڸڳϣй¶һ˿ϢȻЦſڵ
ÿգߣ˺ݵΧ͵û뵽꣬ڣѾʵںҲвĿڱʵҹĿ࿴
Ī仰˵꣬Ŀ˺󷽣һݹո£ȻЩ϶˹


ڰ˰ٶʮ Ȼڵ
λϣҺͷӢĪӵӰʱбĳϸӵ𺳡
֮ϣ֮ǰͺĪӼ棬ʶҲҪΧڳȻվǰĪӣĴڡ
ǼĪӵʱĪӵΪոմﵽɾ磬ĪӣѾǽǿˡ
Ȼ֪Īǽɾǿߣ۹ⳬȺһ۾ܹĪӵǳڼ֮ǰǵʦǵʱᵽϢ
ҺͷӢһأȫ˿ĵ첽ǰȥĪӵǰͶ乪һ
ҡӢĪǰ
ĪӿҺͷӢȻǵĵӣЦŶǵͷ
ԭˣ겻ˣض񣡡
˵ͬʱĪҲ΢һˣѾɹ֣˳֮ǰĳ׶ΣӢΪҪԲһ㣬ҲӦöֵʱˡ
ٶȿЩģʵϷŵϣǱȽϿĽˣֻǿǵʦѾǽɾǿˣ˵ٶȣǶЩ䲻Ͻɵӵݡ
ĪӺ˵ʱЩһͬڵĳϣ˴֮ٵĶһۣͬʱһݣȻ첽ǰȥĪ
ֻһй֮󣬶ĪӵĳƺȴЩβ룬һǽʦһҡӢһڳǰ
Īû̫⣬վǰɣüͷȴ΢΢壬Ҳûп˵ʲô
ǰˣĪĿ⻷һȦҺͷӢˣڳһǶʮλĸַ֣ڴϣһ൱µ֣һСУҲֻһλʿֻЩţвŻôĸ֡
ܾǰЩǳ׹Ǽ֮󣬴ϴĸܹһЩЩС֮Уܹƾǿߣɴ֣ɲ·ߵҰݣ洦ɼġ
ǰЩʿԵǱȴȫǲβģĪӵ۹⣬ܹ֮ʮþȶȹֵģȥҺͷӢֻĸ˶ѡ
ʣ»мܹ׼֣ҽԼΪϸĴĥ˵Ҳпܹɹ֣ļƾûʲôˡ
仰ĪӵȻ˵ֻй֮ĪӺЦ˵˵ͷڶ˵˼仰Ȼͱɴӭһ֮С
ڳڶĴʿ֮УҺͷӢʣµĴûмˣĪһˣٻԵñȽϾηģֻһʱ֮ĪӾܹһЩ˵顣
ʱ䵽ҹЩʿҲ뿪ˣĪǺɵһʱŶĪ˵
ʦ濴Цˣ
Īԣ΢΢ЦЦ֪˵仰ԭΪЩڵĳϣһ˵ı֡
ȻһֵöܹĪ㹻ľηͬһҲŸԵСģеôģԼܹóĪӻ
ڻûгɣСһ˵Ҳκһˣֻǿı
ûʲô˰ܹһЩԼС˼ģֻҪûʲô̫Ķ⣬Ǿ˴ţңܹڳô̵ʱڣܷչ˵ʵҲȷûĪ΢Цſ˵
Щڳϵı֣ĪȻȫеģ˾ʲô˼ĪҲܹ쵽ЩĪ֮ǰʵѾԤϵˡ
ڳʱɲ֪˶˼һѵĴʿһģȻȫܹѹסЩʿһЩ⣬ȴǴһʼʹڵġ
ЩʿһС֮УܹĴڣȫڵĳϣ˴֮һ£ҲȫĺгܻиϵĳͻԸϵĲ죬յìܡ
ɶЩĴѾܺˣڵפأһɽ壬һƬС͵ɽѾӳһЩ⣬Լɴķ
ĪӵĻɵ˵ͷ˵ӵڵʱ򣬶нǵܿٵں㣬ҿٵʵǵȷͲСȻеһЩˣϲһЩȱݣδǱҲѾľɵΪֽ׶ζԣɿã
ڵʵϣǸҪҲ٣ûǣھͺнգȻڻЩֻҪڵʵȵ֮Щ
ɵĻ˵꣬Ҳ¶һĨЦݣԼĳɼԼҲǱȽġ
Īûټ⣬ߣͺãھǾûбҪˣɻὫЩõġ
ԭ֮ǰһ£ҪΪŵķչԼΪ֮仰ûбҪ˵ˣΪĽٶȣѾҵʺԼзʽĪӽɵΪϣ˵
ΪڵΪѾﵽ˴ڣҲúܽˣΪٶȣǷǳĿ죬ʦģҪ׷ˡ
⣬ѹƵĽĪӿԿھĿԼΪǲôĶ֣ڣʵڿʱڣȻ벻Ҫִ֡
ЩԸ£Ҳ̫ӦƽŻԵӶԣܵȷȷĵ·ЩΪĵȷܿ졣
ɻ˵΢ͣһ£Ȼ˵
ʵڻ治ԸΪô죬ڴСҪ˴ĳɣڵĴþ棬ܻ˻һԣһϣʦ
ϣҰѹһΪĪɵĻҪ
˵ͷҪȷ˵ܹΪֱ֮õ飬ҲϣԼΪܹߡ
ĿǰַŲڵķչڰҵʱ֮УһҪڣڵķչһЩ⡣
ǰʦ˵㾭ǵĵڡտʼŻʱֻ뽨һԼ֧ţһֽ䷢뷨񣬵ϣܹڣչŵĳ̶ȣΪµţŲУվĪһ
Īӿɣǳ棬Ҳǳļɵüͷ
ͬ˵㾭ǵΪԼĵڣϣڽһķչ׳ĪȫԳȫ
ڷչŵͬʱΪҲܹ֮죬Ϊĵδؾһ·
ãȻ׳־Ҿͳȫ㣬ʱ䣬ϣڷչŵĹУ㲻ҪʧԼȥֵ᱾ĩĪӿɵͷ˵


ڰ˰ٶʮ ƺ
ɲһΪķӡĪ˵練Ƶģµķӡ̶ϣܹɵġ
ҪӡĿģ޷Ǿϣڴ϶һЩʱ䣬иҵĹǾܹڣչԶڹģĳ̶ȣһὫеһЩ׵ɾ
ɲĲΪֻΪѡøʱ侭Ӫɽ
ԣĪӸӡͷǳнĪӲûֱΪǽΪʱĴγһֶΣܹڹؼʱ̣ԼƽʱܵΪﵽԽսЧ
һҲһˣƽҲֻõջΪһġ
ȵʱ֮ĪµķӡͻȻȻĽȻ;ɸı⣬ķͬԽӡ
ĪӸӡȻޱģζ㹻ʱ䣬ڵʵԼĿꡣ
ԭ£ĪӾ׼뿪ڵģΪһλϣ׼ʱ֣صصǰ̣ĪҲ΢졣
Ͼλϣڵкʱ򣬶Īӵĳƺʦ
˵Īӵĳƺһ㣬ʵһζĪӵĳƺ΢һЩ仯ԭ÷۵ʱĪӵĳƺӦʦһμĪӣɶĪӵĳƺʦ档
ƺı仯λһֱ仯÷۷֧ΪڵȻҪȷһ㣬ԴӳƺһСϣɶѾע⵽ˡ
ССĳƺϵı仯ĳϣҪôĳƺУҪôֻܺһǰͨһƺͱֳ̫⣬Ҳܹӳһ⡣
Īڵ죬ڴŰ֮⣬һȽƽ̹ĵشһλڵĳϣڶԼ֣ΧۿģٶΪﵽ꾳ĵӣΪٵһЩģ̫ʺϿ
ĪվȺ֮УλڶֵڳϣһĨɫ
λ֮ǰϸ֮󣬸оһЩܹɹֵʿʴңɿλϵı֣Էܹɹֵļʣﵽĳɡ
ʵû⼸Ķ׼Ҳ֮ǰõģû⼸ʱ䣬ŪʲôµĻ֮ԶɹֵļܹߣȫΪԷӵĺܺãһʵȫķˣѾɹ˷֣ھ֣ϾҪɹˡ
û뵽ҵһ仰ȻƸ۵ģк֮ǣڷӵôã˵գжɹֵĿܣĪӿڶֵλϣѾѹȥĻ棬
˴˶ԷһЩֵľ⣬Ҳǿɵϣ˶Էһ䣬ʧܣҲᱣȻĻ仰ȴ˶ԷĵԴ䳹׵ķſֽţӲĸԼһֳɹĿܣò˵һԴĻԵ
֮дֲΪҪηȻܹӷſֽţȫȥӦԼԵΣҲΪеףܹĴ󵨵ʩչԼеı£㾡һѧΪԼȡɵĻᡣ
λڵĳϣǳ˳ضɹ˻֣ȻŻᣬҴҵķµҩԼ״̬ĪӶ˸
Էһ㣬ǱҲ̫ãڹؼʱ̣֤ͷѣȫȥץסᣬպ˵ҲһΪ
ھһʱĴָ֮Ͽٴλֽۣˡ
Ī˵ЩֵȻʲôۿ˵һȴɵøоľ
һ£λڶֵĳϵϣԷϼѵĵֿţǰ׼õķ֮£ϵıٻһֵʱѾûʲôķˡ
ʱĪȴԥҪҪ֣˵λڶֵĳϣѾֶþ״̬ΪĲѣʣµһ֣ʮа˾޷ɹˡ
ʣôһ֣Īʱ֣ȻܹסԷҲζŶԷʧˡ
ǣһ£ĪסһǡʱסԷпôһɲǣԷˣ֮ǰԶԷı֤Щˡ
ˣƴһѰɣ
пٵ˼һ£Īվǲʱ֣öԷһ֡
ָ⣬Ѿʱ׼ųֱסϵ
ܿ죬һ£ĪͻȻ֣λԼķһۣȻƴȫ·һ⣬ֱһ
һ˲䣬âһһ׹⣬ΧɢĪʱ˲֣ͬʱָϽһˮ⡣
֮Χۿˣſ֮УһƵӰһˮɫĹâţڿٵĻָ
ɹˣĪߵ̲סһתͷĪӣĪӵͷ֮Ҳ¶ϲõЦݡ
ΧЩϣ˿Ҳһĳȣۿһλͬţ֮յöɹ֣ǰǿҶɹֵʱ򣬶ǵĴҪ
ǵĿ⣬ҲԾƮĪӣȻֿһˮɫâ֮У޸λϣжһĨ֮ɫ
Īע⵽Щ֮жһĨ֮ɫȴڵΣԭĻҪһЩ
֮ڣ׼ֱסλֵĳϵ˶Է̬֮⣬ҲΪɵİС
ԭֵֻķʽеЩ֪һλǿʦţ˵ܻжٺô
ȻĪֻܾһܹǸһ˿ϣҲţȵǶֵʱĪûпܵ
ڣλϳɹضɹ֣Ҫ֮еĸˡ
ûãλˮĹЧ֮£ƺܿͻָˣһЦݣĪӵǰһݵĴ
лʦӲܹɹ֣ߵʦл
ҪԼߵףĪֹ̽Ȼ˵ܳɹɹ֣ȫƾ֮;Ҳδ֣ˡ
ȻԼĴڣ˶ԷһֳˮƽӵĵڶԷֵĹ֮УĪԼûаʲôæһĪӻЩ˼
оԼ䲻ȥλҲδǼ˵ʦڳҲ޷׵ķſֽţһѧȫķӳҪлʦ
ĪԣǰλϣоԷҲȽ˳ۣȻ˵ëܲ٣ҲûгʵĵطǱ㿪˵
ˣһպԲ֮Ϻ󣬾ңʱһᴫһЩܹٵ֮㣡
лʦԣٴߵݣһΣĪ̹Ȼһ
ȻĪӶһĳϿ˵պ֮ϣҲǰѰң
ŴԣڳϣҲ׷׹һ
һΣҺͷӢ⣬˶ĪӵĳƺѾȫǡʦˣûٽСǰˣ


ڰ˰ٶʮ ˮ츮·
ڰλһָ֮һŵĪӽ뿪ڣܹɵģҲЩˣʲôôĪûжҲҪ
˵ĪڸİѾȫ㹻ˡ
С÷ΪĵڴһѾ˽ͳһȻЩЩԼС˼ɵȵ֮һǱĬĸı䣬㹻֮ĵӣͬһһǸʱЩϣҪôɹ뿪ҪôʣµľͲˡ
ĪЩ֮ϺǰȥŵǰɨɨʱƣЩϣ˼ȥ֮Ϻ¡
ЩɾѾǳˣھãܲҪܹ֮꣬ǰеıʱ䣬˵ԽڵʵĽӽŵĳ̶ȣֻǽӽڴϵ
ϣʦʵٿһЩĻں÷ۣŸгɾŵĵڵϣվɽ±ߣĪѾȥķ
ڴͬʱɵԺ֮Уһ˵ӰǰΪļ䣬ΪߣһĻһЩǻ棬Ժ֮е˵ӰɻĪӡ
ҲǰһλҲ뵽ǸĵˣѾɳֵزҲԲ뵽ת֮ԼڶԷ£һͽͽﱲġ
һ㣬ѾŻΪһ֮Ҳ޷ıʵȻҲûбҪıʵϾһֵͦĴȣ
뵽ǲɵùһĻȣһЩ÷ʱ顣
Ī뿪֮ȴû뿪ݣǼźݵıԵѵһκݣĪ׼ȥˮ彻սǰȥʶʶ
⣬Ҫ࣬Կķ羰Ҳ٣ȥԵķܾͬʡ
һ·ǰĪɱһٶȣڸ߿ٶҲڼӿ죬ϾЩʣ֮󣬶ûôˡ
ݶ꣬ڽг֮УĪӺܺõᵽһ㣬Ϊ뿪ɽΧļʱ䣬һʱ䶼ꡣ
һͷһ̾ͱܲȻ
ÿ죬ʱȥҲܿ죬֮Ĺ򣬿ܾͻչ¶ա
굱ȻĪûʲôӰ죬ƵĽ꣬ȴȻȻĽ꣬ͨӰ죬磬ͬҲͨá
ˮ壬ʼˮó꣬һЩ߱ѪģǼ̳˺绽ֻ֮ͨʹãҲһճĽ棬ںݵİ˵һѾӦˡ
ò˵ӦǺǿģĪӿǰߵʱ򣬺ǰٽݣ꼸һֹ̲һֱʹ֮Уֻ֮£ǿ棬жص֮
ˮ츮һȫˮеĸǣ֮£ǺˮѾûһ롣
Īˮϣ͵Ŀ⣬ųеЩеһС
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ҲһЩͲ꣬ˮӾǰһЩ俴СͯˮϷ֡
ĪӵԣŸָĽַͨػˮ£÷ݸˮϡ
ͨЩҲܹЩݵˣ˴֮ƶ࣬˵üȽϴֵľΪ֧ŷݸģôݵˣӦòһˡ
üʵĴʯΪݸģķݣͱȽϻӦҲȽϸ㡣
ЩݵǰһЩĴ֧ЩݵǰڷһЩӦÿԽ׵ƷһЩֱӿţǵ̡
ĪӽŲˮϣһһǰţЩżǻ¶һĨЦݡ
ǣĪӽ뺣֮󣬿رһˡ
Ļеĸ֮УȻһĪӽ֮һУȴо֮еգЩ֮УҸһ
ڵݣѾǰߣݵأȴûбûǰˮ츮˭ûĳȫΪǽڱȽϵݵĵ֮У಻ϵˮűӵġ
ǵˣԳƵǽĶߣȻĵγֵԭݵĵ֮УǣöˮȻй˳ȥˮˮɱСˮǿˮ
ƹǵĹԱӦҲǺܲģ£֮еգûѾˡΣŨķ֮Ҳܹ֤׿
ĪӼǰţͻȻ֮оһĿͶ˳Ŀ⣬ĪһԵһС¥ϣӰ
һһɫЩƵˣĪͶĿľģһһĮˣ˿ƺע⵽˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ̽ĿͶĪӣüͷһ¡
Īӿ¥ϵˣüͷҲɵ΢΢һ£û뵽￴λɸ֣һȻ塣
¥һ𣡡λɫЩƵĽɵĪӵĶУͬʱеľƱĪһơ
ԷһĽɣĪȻøһһλɵݣԼԭ
Ųǰ̤Ī˲ͳС¥ϣ˵ԡ
ĪӳԵһ̣ĪԸоĮɣ΢΢ЩˣȻѾ˷
Īӿ˶ԷһۣȻĿתЩƵϣ˵Īӣһ£û뵽Ȼλѣֻǲ֪λѸγƺ
Īӻһ˵꣬λƵɾ΢ЦſڵĪغǰߵĸƽλˮİط
ƽ˵֮󣬿һ¶һ˿ЦݣĪӺ˵ҺͰط彻ս֮ʱߣдˣЩսƵÿҲĺܿ죬ҶҲÿһζսԣɴ̸̸û뵽ȻĪѣ
ƽ˵֮Ī˼ԷڸԼͰȻһ𣬿֮ȷǵжԹϵֻǷֲʤԲŻһַǣƣԼҪᡣ
ͣĪŵģҲӦˣʲôϵĻԼʱ򣬰طͲ˲߾ˣǿһһλɣЩˡ


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
ԭˣˣĪƽĻ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵
˵֮תͷһԵİطȻƾնһƱŰطƱЦſ˵
ѵһλĵѣܹһϣҾطһ
ĪӾٱطҲϵľƱ𣬿ĪӵĿ֮УԼһ˿ɵ
ĪѵĴҲ˵ģǰܣ֮ǰĪѵгԹΪʧһЩܹĪѣҲҵҡ
ط˵仰ֱ֮ӽ֮һûкĪ˼ĪӼ״Ҳһ֮ơ
ɫƵĸƽһĻȴ΢΢ЩĿĪӴһۣƺǲ˵Īӵһ
ĪȻԴӵ֮Ϻ󣬾˲ٵĴ£Ҳ΢һЩɸƽĶĪ˽ⲻֻ࣬ǾĪӵֱȽ϶ˣطĻĪӿʵǳܹİطҲеɵ
ںȹһ֮󣬰ط΢һЩĪӵľٶѾԷ͸ƽһ׵Ľ£ûʲô̫ĵġ
Īʵղﻹһ뷨ܲܽλˮĽɣô£ͷ֮ĪӺܿͽȥˡ
λãͲһֵĵطĸ֮ڣҪǶֵĻ׻Შˣɴ
Σǰ߲ԶǰǴ󺣣ˮһֱ۾ڴ֮УϵĴУһֱˮĴ򣬶ֵķ̫ˡ
Ȼֽܶ£ѵкһλúĵĻᣬĪҲ׼ͶԷúõһġ
ĪӽԼľƱϣԵİطЦŶ˵彻ս꣬˴֮Թλܹڽս֮ʱֿƣʵѵãʵЩ飬һЩԹܹƽ͵̸һ̸òôսˡ
طԣĮıҡҡͷ˵ԹѾãԭһЩԹȷµȴô׵ˣĶԹΨսɽ⣬һ㣬ѺǰҲйһۣҶ˶ͬˣ
ط˵꣬Ŀ⿴˸ƽһۣȻתصĪӵϡ
ƽ΢΢ĵ˵ͷû˵ʲôֻǰĿ䵽ĪӵϣϸĿĪӡ
Īٴο˵ȷ֮ĶԹսģֻЩ飬һܹһĵģ͵һ̸ɣڴ֮еľҿǺĽطܷ˵һЩݣ
Īӻһ䣬ƽҲ˼Ȥ֮еһεȾ󣬲ĪӺ棬¾壬о档
Ϊ˴˵жԵĹϵڴ󺣵˽⣬嶼ǺȱģĿǰˡ˽⵽ݣ඼һЩϢ
ϢЩǶѾ֪ˣʣµϢǲ̫˵ģĪӵѯطг˾裬ҲԸʱ͸¶κεϢ
ô˵Ī΢ЩʧһԵĸƽȻҲˣԷȻԸ˵Ҳûʲô취ֻٻˡ
彻ս֮꣬ǰЭòӭ˶ݵİִòɿʵѣ㿴ʱܹսĪӻ˸Űطʵ
Īӵ⣬طûʲô˵ˣܸɴؿ˵
ԹռݺĪ⣬ĸ֣ʲôʱԸͣŵĽŲһЩ黹һֺ򣡡
仰һ˵ط΢ſһЩּ˵ڽվ֮ڴԼǰ˴ɻһƬˮأԭƬҲϢŲٵˮ壬ȴأЩˮ壬ҪôҪôֻǨ㵽ĵط
庣ݣƬأԭһƬ󺣣񣬺֮ѾԵֵʮݵĴСҪͣս壬
ط˵꣬Ŀ⿴ĪӣƺһĨζ
Īʱûп˵Եĸƽȴȿˡ
ȡ֮ԣ˵ĵǿ·彻սĹһ㡣
ĪӽĿת˸ƽ׼λҪηطҲͬĿת
ɫЩƵĸƽ˵ĸоͺ岻̫ãĸо˿̿΢һЩϣ΢΢ĳһЩΡ
΢ĩǧ࣬Ű˱ɱΪѪʳˡ
֮ʱ֮ʵ̫ĶԹֻʱλڵʱ֮ڣԹ
ʱֵСҲֻǧͣȡλʵδ֮ʱҲ巢ѣⷢˮˣһ֮䣬徳ǧ࣬𷴿
һʳʱڣݳأǱû֮岻ݣŴڵڶʳʱڣ巽ݣ֣ǵѾս񣬽δЩ̫˰ɣ
ƽ⼸仰˵꣬ϸ˼ֺΣһһ֪һλɾǿߣԲһˣֱֻ֣޵Ĺĵɵġ
ƽһ˵꣬طٴο˵嵱ܹȡԴ֮ǳҶΪ֮嵱֮ʱΪģҲǶܴ֮жảأ
Ц֮ʱ壬ΪѪʳѹΪ֮£

ĪλɾǿߣһԣһĸָĬĬš
ƽ˵ЩݣĪǰڶĵ伮֮УֹһζɴӰط˵Ļͬһ仰˼Ѿˣ˵ĽǶȲͬ
Ī˵ô࣬һֵȷ⣬ָҲûԼ⣬ڰطû⡣
ףôԭ򣬾µ˽죬ʵѾǿʢˣ壬ɻЩ塣
˵ѪЩ̫΢ˣͨʵ̫СҲֵ̣ܶһᣬһ壬ܹ࿹⡣
ְģڼҪ߹ǣܲϣһǿñǻҪǿìʼһҪԭ
Թô꣬Ѿѽ⿪ˣĪ֮ǰҲһ㣬Ҳû⿪ԹƽͬչȥŬ£ǳ׵Ľһѹʲôƽԡ
ƽͰط˴ǹལĽ̸һͬʱտڲԣĿ⿴ŶԷ鶼÷ǳƽֻ۵һ޵ɱ⡣
֮˵ٶ࣬˵еԷҲԽƱ磬ܹһģȡʵ


ڰ˰ٶʮ 
ڸƽͰط˵֮˲˳Ĭһʱ֮䶼ĬȻֻǾŴ⴫ŴЩˡ
Ƭ̵ĹĪӿµͻȻСˣźܿ쾹Ȼ磬ϿջͶһ⣬ҫ֮С
ͻȻת磬ͻȻͶµһ⣬γһǳĻ棬ҲЩŴˮӾǣ̲ספƬ̧̣ͷգһ϶¶ЦݣһЩСģ̲ס
˵Ѿϰˣܹ⣬ȴһ굽ͷεĺ飬ÿһΣоǳ˷ܣ·лѹѾõͶµһ̣׵ıһɨˡ
ӦܾˣܹӦӵĻҲܹӦڹȴʼǲġ
ϡٵĶϧڱ𴦣˾ռߵ⣬ҲֻŻ
ط̧ͷһϿգɢƵƲ㣬վԵĪӺ͸ƽ˵
֮䣬һεսѾˣҲø뿪ˣܹüĪѣʵڲʤңպлᣬϣĪֽһ£
ĪԣҲվ˵д֮£Ӧûлģֻǿϧһʱ̫̣ЩûĵԺĻᣬ¾ͺˣ
ĪվһԵĸƽҲվĬĬû˵ط˵ͷһֱʧԭء
ĪĿתƽڵˣҲ뿪ˣĻѴҵߵǰ߿ɣ
Īǰ߿ȻǻӭˣƽЦ˵
˵ʱжһöǮĽϣȻαʧˡ
ĪӿһϵöǮڸƽĸйֺ˲٣Ҳϡ
ڸ߿֮УĪӺ͸ƽ˲Ŀ⿴·ƽĪӽܵںݵı߹ǰߣΪˮս±ȽƵʱʤиԲûнر걸ĳǹأѪҹЩͬ
ĪĿ⿴·͸һŨѪɷĪĿΪ۵ģ·Ĵ󴬣һЩڿеķۡ
Щ֮УмҴֻǳĴҲǳرĪһֻеңͨĲʲľʣĳֽԵ÷ǳļ̡
ߵսĪǰûǶս˽⣬ͨĶֵ伮֪һЩġ
ںսһӲʵײ˴֮صǲң֮սɾҪĶˡ
ˮսһƣǾս⡣
ˮˮսʱͨһˣȽսĻˮ˵ˮսսл֮У˵ӵĻ֮һˡ
ֻϵĲɾʱ򣬶ʧܸյģΪӦֲսȴ˻صֶΡ
һЩֱ̤˶УѪɷˮƽأͿˮսˣսʩչֶΡ
нһЩߣ˵֮࣬ҲˮʱһƬΣ΢һЩӵ
ЩֶΣһδʵս֮Ҳᱻˮƽ⣬գΪʵõģ촬ˡ
ǷĴ󴬣ͨһЩԽһγɶصˮս֮õúܹѹˮ˷ˡ
һЩ佫ðټҵ֮רżһҴﵽˮսĿģΪַֹģûгرܻһЩ߲ϵ̽ϣƾһЩơ
Īһɨµһ£·ˮϣһǧҴ󴬣ϰҷۣ彫ʿĿҲܶࡣ
֣Īǰڵ伮֮пļأԼʱ˽⵽ϢҪһЩġ
ǡģƽÿڶĪӽ˵Ѫҹ֮ǰһѪǣ֮սͱǰ˺ܶ࣬Щ֮սˣͽɵ˺ߣݵӣԽԽˣ
ЩʵҲ˲٣˲ٺߣ·ЩϣÿһҴ֮Уһλ佫򣬲ЩҲ˲ˮʹʵˣȴûռ̫ıˣ
ƽ֮ĪҲһȻЩʵĲ֮ǰǳ׹飬ıȽ϶࣬Ȼ󲿷ֶĵ·ɻв˰ټ֮
ټ֮ٶȱͿ죬Щȥܹٵ佫һ㲻Ϊ档
ǳ׹ģһҲķΧȻͬʵҲĺ󱲣ʱڣָʵǱȽƽģֻҪʱһߵȻֳġ
·ɨ˼֮ĪӴ¿˺ǰߵĲ֣ȻڸƽĴ£һСռ֮С
ѪҹһǰߵǣƽͬҲסһƬСռ֮УõͺǱߵСռ࣬ռ֮һǺˣСռΪһ壬ɢԴԴϵǳ֮
ĪӽƬСռ̱֮оƬСռ֮Уһʮλˣмɣֻɡ
ڸƽĴ£Īסû⣬ƬСռ֮ߵɽ壬ֻɽ֮Īȴ֣ƽסΪªһԵЩҡ
ǰⶪڵϵһЩһѾһҵܣԼһЩҵĴ̣ĪĿŸƽһʱ֮䶼֪˵ʲôãǿƽһƽĪӾԲΪǰҵĵطȻס
һλǿߵסֻһʱסǳªĪӿ⣬Ϊ֮˲˵ģĪӻǵһμ
ƽʱȴûʲô˼ģֻǽŲǰȥҵĴϣĪһ˵
Īѣ
ģĪӸоԼòй²۵һ̳ˣȻû˵Ѿĺ
΢΢鴤ĪվԭûжֻǶԸƽ˵ѵסȻ˵ģţѣԵΪر𰡣
ĪӲݻĴֻ˵ʣסȫĪ֮ǰԸƽӡ
ĪӵĻƽʶԼס̫ˣæĪ˵һʱ죬ĪѼЦˣ
һ˵ţһӣԭǳҵķ䣬˲ͱˣеĻҳʧӰ٣ҰڷŵĶҲصӦڵλá
ڷĸƽϵϢͻȻ֮䷢һЩϸ΢ı仯˵΢΢ֱһЩȻԭƵ˲ͻָ
Īѵġ÷ҿǷƷ飬Īѵһϲ£Ҫᣬһ£


ڰ˰ʮ ƽ
ϵϢ˲䷢仯˷ǳԵĸı䣬˵ķʽ˵ĸƽĪɫȴ˲˫һУʵ˭
ʳ仰ͬʱĪѾٵ˼ǰĸƽʲôʰһҵķ䣬оǻһһ
ĪӼǵ֮ǰ͸ƽ̸ʱ򣬶ԷƺûôԼ֣ڵĸƽĵԾ⡣
һ˫꣬ԪܵˣһЩ䣬ֻħ֮ʲôĪзٵͷ
ǰĸƽƺоĪԼΣյϢæڽ͵Ī벻Ҫ⣬еĹԪЩ죬ԪڣֳʶʱΪЩŹ֣Ѽ£
ĪԣϵϢȻϸĿŸƽĴŶԷƬ֮ſ˵⹦ȷЩ죡
ƽΪﵽ˽ɾڣԪȷȽǿҲûзѵļܹԪڷֳʶԷ˵ǳˡ
ҳɾͽɵʱȽ磬ڵĹ໹Ҫֵ·Ҫ˳ԣʱֱȽƫִĹҲЩƫ棬ĪѼЦˣƽ˵꣬΢ЦЦֹмţɫƵȫͬ
ĪԷ仰вɵȻ𾴣û뵽ƽȻһλɵʱĿߣĹԼƵġ
ƽҲĪӼ򵥽һĹ
ԴĹֽ澭һֳܹͷȻֽչĹ
ݸƽԼĽŹУʵڳɺ󣬷ֵԪɾ磬ԷֳԪͷͬһʱһĶã顣
õʱˣ඼ڴԼĹʯͷӣͬ˽˼ŵԪֻϣԷʧˡ
ƽȡ˶ԷĽѵûȥֻԪ񣬶ǿǸӼ򵥵ԪͷֻȻÿһԪͷֳԪͷ׳֮ٽջӦÿԴﵽΪЧ
һƣĹȻƵⲿڸ涼ֻйоذˣЩطԵûǺҲǳΣգԴⲿ֮󣬸ƽͱ÷ǳǿֻҪҵͷûȫͺѱɱ
ȻĹƽԼĹ֮ĪвЩ̾ŸƽĿУҲһ˿塣
Īѵġ÷ЩҷƷ̺ĵȷֵ˼μȻĪѣһЩ֮ͱĪһˣƽ˵ִ֮Աȡһ÷С
̶ֲҵԸ͸۵˴˽һ£Īԣ˵
ǰƽ޺ܹΪݵߣһλɵʱ估ĽɣԷ;Բ򵥣ܺͶԷཻһ£ĪӸоӦԼҪѧϰıȽ϶ࡣ
ԷĹ֪ѳ˶ٵʶղŵת䣬ÿʶ֮䣬ϵǳĽܣֶԸԵӰ춼̫Щƶ˸
ʶĹ֮УƫԵĸ֮󣬸ƽóĶ١
ȻĪӺ͸ƽʼ۵֮ʱͷ˶ԷյĶ൱Ĺ㲩̸ʲô⣬ԷܹɵĻشڵ򣬸ƽҲǼΪ̵ġ
֪˶ãֹͣ۵֮ĪӿŸƽĶ˵ѹ棬ļᶨҴܿڣ£컯δزɴ
ĪڸǰĸƽˣԷ֮·ߵļΪգɽ±ߵСǰУΣյĵ·Էȴߵ÷ǳȣؼڶԷϣȫ꣬ÿһߵüΪ̤ʵ
ĽߵñȽͬʱһЩˣѾΪ˴ߣһĿҲߵÿ죬ǲİԼĽ࣬ȵǰţ·׷ġ
񣬸ƽѾǽɾڵǿߣͿҪﵽɺڣѾѷɫһЩͬʱˣٹңܹΪߣ׷ͬʱһˣ֮УҲδûкϣЩԭߵ˵Ŀܡ
ĪӿŸƽͻȻԼĵ
ɢ޳ԼµĵӣһֱֵöȽƽӹһ㣬ǾΪ˳ȡ
ԴӰ֮ͳеΪĽٶȻ˵ȽʼշǳȣһֱܹסȣպҲͷʱ
ĪӵĿ佱ƽֻԵñȽǫѷһЦ˵лĪѼԣ͵һ۵ջܹ࣬յԣȻǲϲ
仰˵֮󣬸ƽһת˵⻺ٶȣĪѵĵ;һƬ˳ģƾĪѶڵ򣬳ɾʹ߶ԣһ̫ңԶ飬ʵĽ
仰˵֮ĪӸҪڣȴƽɫͻȻһ䣬ţƬСռ֮еˣҲ׷״һɽϷˣſռȥ
Īѣˮ֮սֿʼˣҵȥĪѿԸͬȥƽĪ˵
ĪҲоѪɷøŨԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ˵ȻԸ͵һȥʶһ£
һ·庣ݵı߹ǰߣҲҪʶһºߵսڼȻսʼˣԼҲܾʹСռ￴ţһȥҲá
˻һ˵꣬ξʧСռڣĸ߿С
ĪӺ͸ƽֵʱĪӾ͸оɾǿߵϢеһ֮ǰİطĳûʲô⣬ӦƽģһλǿߣĪûв´ĻԷӦǳԼġ
ĿλɵķһۣĪ˲ͿڰطߣһĿ΢΢Щͣ߿΢Щˡ
ϲһƣоѾܲˣ˫΢һ𣬿ͺһֱЦŵһϵϢҲȽº͡
بȻҲˣĪСһЩĪע⵽λЩ͵Ľɵʱ򣬸ƽҲ˶ԷĪѵ
بԭĪԣ˵ͷҲ֪ǸϢȽº͵ĽɵݣϾԷ֮Ҳ̫С
֮ڶ࣬Ϊǿģ֮⣬壬඼ĸ壬Щ֮УĿǰ֪ģȽǿľй塣
塢ȵȵ壬ٶմ״ʣеǿߣҲﵽ˽ɾΪ壬֮ϵȽУǾѪȴࡣ
بһλǿߣԷ֮ԳԭΪǿķںս񣬻ûһλĽɣܹ˵λǿߡ


ڰ˰ʮһ ǿ
Īû뵽ԼһκޣȻܹһλɣԷƣһսߵĽǿߣ׼дһˡ
ɾˣѾɵƶ֮ϣƶ֮Ѿ֣ĪڵλɣͷǳĬһͬʱ˿ռڣǿ֮С
ĪԶĪӵ棬λب˿̣Էһ۾ȫһ죬ݿӺˣȫκһ˿Ҫֵ˼Īɲ˿СԷҲΪԷһĺơ
Īѣ԰ָܵ㣬λܣΪһ󲽣֮ǰ֮Ҿֽһµ˼ҵʵ²ĪѵĶ֣ԾҹϣĪдһ£طֱ޷ǿ֮УҪ˵Ļ
ĪԣһƵب¶һ˿Цݣд赱Ȼû⣬˵Һˮĵѣûô֣ܹһ£ҲǷǳң
Īӻһ䣬վبȴͻȻˡ
ٶ˵ˣֱӶְɣĪӣЩϹҿûʵɣ
بһ˵ţһ̳һȣͬʱϣҲһεķţب̧ԼеĹȣƺҪ
Īû뵽بºͣ˵ʱȴʮģ䱾ƺҲ̵Ը񣬷һƢ
еĻ́ĪӾ͸оبϣһɺɽʯĵϣǸȣ·һƬ֮ب£ĪΧĿռ䣬һ̮ѹĸо
ԼĹȣĪһӣīȾͻһɫĹâХǰȥ
īȺبеĹײһɱײ֮ռͬһ㣬һ״ƣīȵɻĪӵУبǶ΢΢һ־еĹȣǰ¡
ĪӼ״һ˲˳һξ룬ȻľԪͷ
ĽɣȻöԸ
بһ֣ĪӾ̸оԷȷöԸبеǸȣۼƷףȫīҲ·
ȷһ㣬ԷԼبԷģԻ൱Ķ֣ûֶˣԸҲ鷳
һξ֮Īӽеīǰһ㣬īȵĶˣһݻٴبֶȥ
ĪӵĹبһֱѡ˲ܣŵĹȣô򵥵ǰңĪӵĹ䵽ϡ
ĪӼ״һߴ߶ͷľԪ飬һ߼Ӵһ֪Լһ޷ƶԷķĪһ֪بķжôǿ
һبϣȴبΧһεķεĵס˿ûӰ쵽ԷبµĹȣǹֱ಻ģľԪɢ⣬ͬһ㣬һĴơ
ѾʶԼһ޷بķ֮ǿĪӸо΢Щ⣬ΪԷķһ֮£ȫûвǳ
بϵϣĪҲûκζԷ̽һµ뷨ֱһʩչԼСͨ
һƬޱˮȻǿ֮չеһоͬĴһ㡣
بԼΧľȻ֮䷢˱仯ʶԼ뵽Īӵֶ֮УɶԴˣȫû˿ľţΪԼڵĻһƬޱˮǼгһ˫ۣ΢΢нһЩ
һ̣بȻ֮оһǿϣƬռ䣬ռ֮еһйһȫҪ׵ѹȥֹ򣬻ͼ
ĪΪѾﵽ˽ɾڣСͨʩչʱѾһСˣͺñ֮һ㣬Īܹƶһй򣬸ıСַͨΧ֮еһС
ȻĪӺܿͷ֣ǹ䵽بϣƺҲȻ޷κζԷķԷϵһεķһйҲεĵ⡣
о龰µޱˮ֮У̷ӿ˹˳һˮעبȥɽһεˮ飬ȫͣڿУһâ·ʵһ㡣
ţʵ鲻ϵľ£Ŀȫبÿһˮ飬̺ܹǳ䵽بϣκβöԷ
һεķĹﵽһǿ֮󣬾ͳһܹתƹبϵһת˱𴦡
ĪӵһҲû˿ЧģԴԴϵĹ֮£һεķڱ΢һ˿ܹĪӸоһ
ǿ֮еĸƽͰط˲ûн֣ǿĪӺب֣بϵķڱһЩʱ򣬸ƽûüΪĪӸˣԵİطתͷһˮ
ȱˣֻеһ㣬ûнƣϿϾͻʩչԹϬƵĽޣûа취ϵķλĪѣЩֶεĻҲκβϣ
ƽطĻϵıû˿ı仯ֻԭݣһֱһƬƣҲһֲĸо
ˣطû˵½Ŀ⿴ڽֵĪӺب
ղ˵һڸоԼεķ֮بֵǰĴָָۣһӡʱϣͳһˮɫĹâγһԲεĻֻ֣Ŀ׶
ţٴαһӡһ⸡֣״ͬһɫĹǣһš
ԷʩչĪ̽Եļ˹ǹһبΧĪȴо̺ԷˣĹȻԷ˻Ҳû˿ġ
Ī·Ӧǳ죬һ˲䣬Ҳ΢΢ܵһЩӰ죬ֻԼһڵҲһ˲䱻ѹͬʱԼϮľɹԼһЩĹ
Īû뵽ԼҲһԼСͨڵ˵ѹЧһ΢ЩӰ쵽ԼҲبûг⼸ᷢһǿĪ˵һ˲仹Ļһ¿
ûгԿĪҲΪЩ΢æһ¡վŹȣ͵بĪӾЩͷˡ
ɾУܹƵķȻ鴫ƾַԷվѾڲ֮ˡ
Ķ֣ǴһĪӼ㻹ƣҲûоԵİգܹʰ˶Է


ڰ˰ʮ بǿ
һйֶΣܹת˺ķûκεȱݣֲôûнɾĸ֣ܹبķ
ĪӿŰվبһţһԼСͨ
ԼСͨԸͨͬĸ֣ԻԷܴѹԸب˵ĴڣСͨӪĻƣûа취չ֡
ԷǿķѾڲ֮أĪҪȥĻǻöһЩơ
뵽ĪԪ«֮УȡԼͼչ
ͼչ˲䣬Ƶǿ֮г֣ˮվһب
źƵӵĳ֣վһԿֵĸƽͰطˣҲò˳ĸԶľ룬ܹܺƵӵӰ죬֮ǿߣҲΪӵĳ֣׷׽ĿͶߣעⳡս
ӵİ֮УبѾгһ϶˫ۣ΢΢һ˿֮ˮ¶֮ɫ
ĪΪֹչֳֶΣڽɾǲģղŵСͨһĽǿ߿»ᱻѹƵĺܲңЩУֻǰӣоѹ
ˮİ֮£بоԼڱˮϵĹ߽⣬֮У֮ˮҪݹתƿ޷ȥҲˮУܹһ˲亳ӣûпܽĪӵϡ
بãһֱ֮УԴԴϵĥֻҪʮʱ䣬ԼбƵĿܣֻҪһ־սˣϣģͬĪҲϣĳ־ս
֮УبϵķƺȻ̣ĪҲɵһĨ֮ɫ
һ̣ĪҪԪ«ֱӽبԼԪ«ܷ񵲵ס鱦оѾעŴ˴Ŀ⣬ĪӻǷ뷨ֻǽԪ«뵽ͼ֮С
һˮǿ֮һͬʱˮɢһһһ£Ĺͬ£Ȼվب׵֮С
Ԫ«룬ͼǿ֮ڣĪȫ֮£ˮٵĿʼĥبϵķ
뵽֮еبһĸоԼϵķҪƵļ
õһεķܹһĹǹߵϣ֮ͨ޷ͨıֱ˺
ϵһܹնԷĹ䷴ȥƾ˷بڲ֮صͬʱܹ˵ʤ
һܹתƺ䵽ԼϵĹϣبΪ˲ܵıݡ
Դب֮ͨ󣬼ûаܹɾܹǴߣҲܹƾӵһ
ب֣ԼҪƵļԪ«ˮĥ£ϵڿٵı߽š
Լ߽⣬بȴû˿гһߵ˫֮УһĨϣ֮ɫ
΢΢ŵ壬΢ֱͦһЩйȵֻ֣оҲ˼֣Դ΢΢̧̧ĿվˮϵĪӡ
һ̣بˮĥ֮£ͬʱ鿪һεһһâͬʱ黯ΪƬ
ˣ
һ˲䣬йעⳡսˣеЩ⣬û뵽ĪӾȻܹب
ȻĪӽڸҲЩϾʱȽبʱܾõǿȣɻΪبǸǿǸ
ǿеĸƽƵϸո¶һ˿ЦݣԵİطʱȴֶԷɫ糣ûΪبƶеģϵЦݲɵ
Ķȴطע⵽ˣתͷ˵ûһԭʶڵʶЩȱʶ
˵仰ط𲻽ʲô֮еب
ֻ֮ب֮УȴǺĥϷ֮ˮȴƺ޿κΡ
ȻóķķŸӿ£
Īӿ֮ɺبʱǸоѹˣǿķͼҲȷ޷ڶʱκε˶Է
еĹȣبӰ֮ڣǰ΢΢һ
һ֮䣬ıȻ֮両ֳһֻ޹Ӱ֮ǡ
޴Ӱڳֵһ˲䣬ͷ·ӶסˣһɿֲϢبɢеĹǰݺݵһңͬʱǾ޹ӰҲֻ޴ǰ㣬·ݺݵ䡣
һ̣ƵˮУͷ·ըһ㣬ŵˮһ˲䱻أȻˮһ˲ֹͣʱ·Ҳһֹ̾ˡ
ʱ֮󣬱صӣ»һҲ
ĪڸоԼںһɽ֣ںһλ߽һبһȫﵽ˴ߵĲΡ
ֳֻľ޹ӰӦþıˣֳԭΣֲֿͣĪӾãܹӵдߵ
ۿԷٴ̧УҪһηˣĪʱλͬղǸ
بղŷһĪѾǾĵֿˣɼˣԷһǱӶʱΣȻûֱƿͼöԷһǽЩˡ
Լ̯Īӵ֮Уһɫǹˮɢҫ۵Ϲ⣬ͬʱҲب΢оһввĸоرǿңԴĹ
بϣĪӵӦԣܹǿһЩܹв˵һ֣Ҫġ
ĪҲԼǹˮһܹ˵بԭ򲢲ǹˮǿǹˮԵԪ飬ɶԷķ̫ǿǿǹˮδܹĳ̶ȡ
һɫǹˮĪӵУ·ڻһ㣬ԭɫĹâʼ΢΢ķһЩ仯âɫɵɫֶɫ
ɫһ̫ͬһĽɫһͬһ°ɫ
ɫδâԵǱȽϵģûкɫĹâƽɫֻһֳеãɫĹâԵøΣպˡ
ԭһŵǹˮֱ仯ֻ֮һΣبеĹٴµʱһǹˮҲĪִ˳ȥ
ͬһ̣ǿոߴ̫̫Ŵǣ·ͻȻ䱻ʲôһ㣬âһЩǿ֮ǳҲˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ˮ
һǹˮɳǿ֮ǳ䣬һССˮΣ÷ҫ۶Ŀ
һǹˮبһֱ˫ۣһһЩ¶һ˫̶Сͫףȴ¶һ˿ȡ
ȵٶȣȻּ֮ӿһֳ֣ľ޹ӰĶǰ߸ߵӴȻ͵һˡ
بеĹٴ£Ƶ֮УֳһαըˮҲһֹͣ
ĪӴ˿ȴ˫ĿһΪبһȻӣûȥһǹˮȫ䲻һ㣬һǹˮɵǰ
ب¶һĨ֮ɫĪʱҲע⵽ˣʶģĪо;Щԡ
ʱһǹˮѾ䵽بϣĪеͷȻתţעǷһǹˮϡ
˸ֹâǹˮ䵽بϵһ̣̺ǿһȻ䱬ˡ
һǹˮ׵ĻΪɫâب˲ɢֲֿ̺¶һֻһеĵϡ
һǹˮĪôԼǹˮͨĳɹ
ΪĲߣ̫̫ŴԣʱõĻձ뵽ǹˮ֮У۳ղŵһ
Īӵǰ񻰴˵֮һˮˮǿҿˣ׹ǣ̺޾
ĪӶԼǹˮͨͬҲȡˮֻǲǰеֶΡ
оˮûˡ׹ǵЧҲû̺ʲô̺ģַֻ·ܹһеܹ˱ˡ
ֶȻһЩطƣѾܹóԵˡ
˵ĪЩͨƣûܹļ£ΪʱϾȽ϶̣׶ΣֶܶεΪҪʱȥĥ
ĪܹڵһѾԵ«֮Уʱ䳤֮еˮΣں̶ܴϣѾֲԼϵ̰塣
ɫâ֮£بȫȫУɼŻһеĵϵɫâƺҲ޷κε
𣡡
һ񱩵ĺͻȻ֮ǿ֮𣬶ķȴǱɫâ֮еب
ڷһͬʱǵɫâֵӰ˲þ޴ޱȣ¶ıࡣ
ĪӿԼǰĿֻܿ弫Сһֵľ޹꣬Ҳһ˿𺳡
ԭղſبֻԼӰʱ;ѾΪˣĻΪԼı࣬ӴԻıӰҪһ֡
ҴôľĿĪӲܹĸоبǿ
㣬ԳƵǳ֮޴ĹǣѾǹ˴ǵĴСֺͻƣȻԵΪ£بΪ֮󣬲һı仯˵ġ
ָӴı䵽بϵɫâھֻ걳ϣһƬ΢򣬶ңɫâѸٵıðӦúܿͻʧ
ĪӴ˿̵ɫǳأ֮һֶΣԷبƺκβ˶Է
ԷΪڽɾ磬ֳʵȫѷɫͨĴߣĪԭоԼڽɾǿ֮УӦѾǶһˣǰبĸһѵԭɾ磬Ȼǿ˳̶ȡ
ڹ걳ϵɫâܿʧˣͬʱڹâʧһ̣بӴ֮С»ΪΡ
ֻΪεʱϻһֱĹףϡ
ԷָĪԺ֮˼ţԼʲôֶΣܹԸ˶ԷԼݳˮҲ޷κεبһͬûƵͨҲκβ˶Է
ΨһܹԸبֶΣֻԪ«ˣ
̾ϢһĪȴبˡ
ôܹ꣬ڽɾ˵ҵˣ㻹ǵһղŵͨȻǷǳֻǿϧ΢һ㣡
ĪŴԣĿبϴͿϵĹףϷһ飬Ȼѵĺۼ
Īӿ߹׵ʱƬѵĹף¶һ˿ڣƺԿһѪ⡣
ôܣ
ԶһĻİط˫֮һĨ֮ɫûнɾǿܹƵķȻԼǰ˴ˣⲻòеš
ֻǰطһˣʵˣҲеЩţبķ֮ǿߣвٶʶ֪ķжôǿ󣬿ǿķվǱˡ
ῴһĻô룬ĪӿŶԷǸǳǳ˿ڣеζһȴЩĪġ
ԼΪƵͨվûԼʧҲԼЩʧˡ
ˮȷޣɶبֻô΢С˺ûжв׻ǶԸب
ֶεĻʹɣϹʶʶ㵽׻ûֶΣܲٴδҵķبĪӣһ
仰ĪӣԼƵһܷͨɹĽͷðĪӾ̽ѹסˡ
ЩԣĪ˫һУĿøһЩͬʱȴ쵽ǰبƺЩ̫Ծ
ΪһλɾǿߣԷʵǿЩ̫߱Գ˱֮ʱԲͨĴѷɫһЩ
˵ǿبΪӦһλˣΪȴʵʵǽɣûгΪߡ
⣬ԷԴӺԼֺȻҲչ˹ֶΣʵ󲿷ʱڴڱķûʩչĹֶΡ
ҲһΪԷóѾϰսڲ֮֮ٺͶĽս
ֻ΢Щ⣬ĪӸоЩԾģղע⵽بеĻ֮ɫһĪЩϤĻ֮ɫߵС
Щгֻ֮ɫʱǾǿԼĵ;˽ϣʱ
뵽һ㣬ĪֿһبǸ˿ڣͻȻ¶һĨЦݣȻ󿪿˵ѵķ֮ǿΪֹҸղʩչͨѾѹ׵ֶˣ޷κε˵ѣĪӣʰ·磡
˵仰Ī΢΢ŶԷһ񣬼˵һսлָ̣֪ɾ֮УȻеǿ˵زǿߣ֮Ҳضãϣպлֽ̣֮ս䣡


ڰ˰ʮ ֱһ
ĪӸɴ֮ͼȻϵϢҲˣȫ׼һս
Ī仰بȴƺûôŽĪӣ֮䣬ɢһֲֿѹȸУֱõĪϡ
սʼôܹϹҵķôɵľͽˣϹǳĵʯ
بһ˵仰Źȵֻ֣ҲƺһЩҪ̧ơ
ب仰ͽѾʹѹ׵ֶΣҲûа취Ե̫˺ʧѳɶ֣ңʯ֮˵بЩżˣĪӸԼϵѹƽ˵˵󼸸ֵʱĪ΢һЩ仯˵Ļ⡣
仰بƺûе⣬Ǽڵˮ尽еͨ㻹ûʹãγƵȫңղѾǴҵķڣ׼Ϲһɣ
һ˵꣬بеĹȾ͸߸ߵ̧𣬱Լ֮䣬ֳָֻ޹Ӱ
بı֣ĪȴվԭûжֻǵĿڵѺαأɱңҪߣҲסϾǵʵǿΪȴվֻǽɶѣղһѾ˵һЩ㹻һ£
ĪӴһԭبʱ̧Ĺȣ̾ͷϵϢҲ̾ˣָº͵ĸо
ϧôͱ㷢ˣȷϹһϲب˫СС۾Īӣͨͨ˵
˵ķʽĪӼһ۵ʱ򣬾ܻõ˵ʽ
ʵӦ׵ģһ׵ĻܸղŵһҲˣĪԣǳ˵
بʵ֮ǿ֮еĽ֮УΪǿˡ
ʵ֮߶ѷɫۼĻһЩߣⷽӳڡ
ĪӸղʵ֮ǿبȴȻǽɾ磬ȻЩ̫
Ϊ˽ɾĶˣϲʲôȵΪȵˣ߲һΪ̶ֳȣȫڴϲ㽨ѹơ
بʵʹﵽ˴ߵĲΣ֮ԻǽɾΪԼѹƣֻͻƲ˵ԭˡ
һ⣬ʵǿĽɣ޷ӽɾ磬ͻƵߵľ磬ǱȻһЩԭġ
ĪӸղ˼˺ܶĿܣ뵽بԼĹʱгֵһĨ֮ɫбһ롣
ب֮޷ͻƴߵԭ򣬺ܾܿΪķǿ
ĪӲΪبĵ·ߵʲô⣬ҲΪʲôȱݣٹһпӰ⣬գĪӾãبΪûа취ͻƵ߾ԭ򣬾Ϊķʵ̫ǿˡ
بķһǵķķΪǿ󣬶ҼһеĹᱻķ赲ǹǵϣһжˡ
бףǿһ̶ȣب˵δһĺ£ҪͻΪѶȣҲ˴ˡ
ÿһξͻƣԭеĳ̶ϣٳ߸ͷϰһأɾ絽ߵľ磬ͬҲˡ
ԷبҪﵽߵĲεĻԼķԭеĻϣһء
بķǿ̶ȣҪȷһѵ顣
ĪӲʲôԼķһȴȷبķܹ˴ƵĻبľһ£һ£Ҳһƶķ
ȷһ类֪ĻӦûЩһһԸϹҶֵģبĪӵͷϣǸղűĪ˵ĵطԭĹףѸٵĻָһָ֮Ĺף·Ժ͸ղŷ˱仯
ĪӿһƬָĹףüͷһ£һ˿̫뷨
һƬϣоһЩԼղŴˮĹĸо
بѵֶΣȻһηһֶͬΣƾͶûʲôˣĪָо֮󣬾̳̽˵
ȻԼָоѾȽȷˣĪӻبȷһ¡
Ī仰һڣبûػֻǿĪӣŲƵϣճһЦݣ۾СˣبҲûжܶ𣬺ƽ˵
ҲûãÿһƬףһƬףͻԵĵһܵͬʱ˺ûô¡
ب˵΢΢̾ϢһżڵΪһ㣬֮ĸ֣žԸϹ궯ֱ֣񣬻ǽɾ磬պһս֮Ϲߵľ磬ǰһϧûмʶͨϹ˵ȥ֮󲻾ãܹĳΪߣ
بһ̾Ϣ˵仰ĪȴǶӼɵ˼֡
ķôֲ˷֮һεķøǿһ֮ǰܵ˺µķȷЩˡ
ûа취һνնɱǶԷͻһδεս֮вϵıǿΪҲ᲻ϵս֮ԭܹˣķƲˡ
һبĶ֣ȻûԸ佻ˣûнնɱʵܹܣҲֻöԷеԼֶεķͲֵá
ĪڶЩңԼʱ˶Է⣬ûнԼûƵһͨҲʩչĻԼֶͨΣԷͶԵķպٺ佻֣ԼϾ·塣
ب˵⼸仰ֱ֮ӾתȥҲ׼ⳡսˡ
ĪӸղ˵ģĪڻĶ֣بҲĪûʲô취ĪҪߵĻبסҲĪӷˣҪĪٴγ֣ҲûʲôܣԾͻȥɡ
ڣĪӵⳡսبԼȫķֱһΣͻƴߵľ磬ǰһһ¡
ת׼뿪بĪһģԼԪ«ĻܲնɱԷ
بΪͻƴߵľĻܿڶʱڣΪȵǸʱ򣬿ͻһλĴߣһλܹöҲͷ۵ǿߡ
ĪӸղŶԪ«žԵĵģ鱦ܹԸبڿبչֳʵ֮Īȴôᶨˡ
ҲԪ«ǲɵģԼɾʵδܹʵʵﵽ˴߲εب뵽Ԫ«УԷղȥԪ«Ҳûа취
ɽɽһΰبûռ֮ĪпЦ


ڰ˰ʮ ·
بһսĪһΣĪ֪ԭ֮䣬ǿĽǿߣѾܹͨˡ
ȻڱһεͬʱĪҲǳبģվҲֻǸѣ֮䣬ֻبһǿ˵زĽɡ
ĪţԵĻبԸͻƴߵľ磬ڽɾ֮ɣڽɾӵ˴ߵʵվҲĴߣȳΪߣûлᴥߵľ硣
֮֮ǫ֮ϣ֮ǣ޳𡭡
峿һɽɽۣĪһСеݣʱ
ĪӴʱжǳƽͬͨһ֮ƺû˿صɣҲûԶǷǳƽӣʱ΢Щͬ
ߵ̫ոɽֻۣ֮ĪһˣһСжţ¶һжƽ棬ȴȻҷǳۡ
˲֮Īӽеĵһҳһ仰֮Ȼֹ
еĵĪϸϸƬֱ̣Լ˰ʱ֮Īվ
ⲿԵȻһЩطЩϣеݣҲĶȡ֮׫ⲿĵѣ֮ΪȤ
еⲿĪ
ոĵһλɾĸ֣ǰ׫һĪҲǸոյõж֮£опȡ֮Ҳͦ˼
ⲿ֮ĪӾ̧ɽȥһΡĸ߷Ľ£뱻޵ˣֻ֮䣬ĪӾɽ¡
̧ͷһĳֱ򱳶Գķ򣬼Լг̡
ĪڵĵطڴϣҾѾԶˣҪ˶ãĪӾܹصӰء
Ҫ˶õʱ䣬޷ȷǶˣ·ûĪӸȤĶֻܾǼѣĪӸȤ£ǾҪӾˡ
ںبһս֮ʱ䵽ڴŹȥ࣬Īһս֮ѡ»صأԼ֮ǰļƻƵڴߣĴ߿
بһսĪˣһս֮Īӵȴ֮ǰ˲٣ĸ֣ҲĪˡ
ܹبķȻĪӳʧܣںܶ˿Īȫ٣ܹبһ㣬ͱ֮䣬ĽǿҪǿ
ټ֮ǰһЩ֣ĪѾĽΪպܹΪߵĴˡ
ЩϢĪӶ˽һЩģҲûзϣĪȤԼһ·ϵ֮ϣ̫עЩ
Ī³֮󣬺̵ܿĵط֮ĪӵĽŲҲ׼᲻ԼøȤĶ顣
ѾԶԵʣĪڽӽȺ֮󣬲ûз̫ĶذյϰףҲû̫ĵطߵĲɵþͼӿһЩ
һֱȵĪߵ˱صһس֮سеһ¥ǰſһȤ顣
ĪӻȺ֮УűȺΧľ¥ǰм磬Ϊǵ磬Բô˵Χۡ
ͨ磬ĪӵȤܹĪȤģ֮Уһȵˡ
Ƚϳȵˣ濴ƺһλټѧӣеΪ൱ߵ񾳽磬һߡ
ڶԷֳΪ֮£ĪȴܹоϻһεķӡţﵽɾĶ塣
λǳȵģǼټѧɵѧӣΪ׵һλҲһˣΪͶԷ൱ⳡл񾳽ʿǲߣ񵥴ֵġ
֮£Ȼ֮££侶֪ƶûλǳȵˣļˣƽ˵
һ֪֮֮󣬺³ţΪ֪ʵʱСֻΪ෹ЦϣãͻǿֻţȣĶ棬⼸λټѧ֮ͷλü˵˵Ȼôͬ
ҲȲѶ˽⣬ʶԳ£ºѶģ¶ѶϢСδȡᣬһŶۣλݳȵˣٴƽķ
ˣʳʱѸ£Сжᣬ֮¿ڿഫޱ仯ѶϢޱ䣬Գһңֺελаټң˵ĻߵļλټѧɵѧӣҲͬٴη
Ȼб䣬ѶϢ֮أʱЧأ֮裬֮УϢֽ֪̼͵Խ裬ͨʱЧ

ĪűȺΧеļˣһǹལıۣܿǱ۵ԭ
˫ıۣƺǶϢҪԣһۡ
λȽϳȵˣƺǶϢĴݷǳĿأҪϢݵķΧ࣬Ҫ飬ݸÿһ֪
Щÿһ嶼Ȩ֪֪Щ飬ҲŽᣬ˵֪һѣͻð˷Ԯ
෴ǼλټѧɵѧӣǾ뷨ЩʵʣǷʱһһЩƵӰ졣
ǾýĴС飬ÿһ壬ûʲô壬ͨС£Ҷ䣬֪һˣǴ飬ͨգƺҲ̫࣬ǺصѣĿֻţɲҪ鷳
˫ִһʣһǹལĽ棬۵൱ľʡ
λݱȽϳȵˣƺҪƾ뷨Կһѧɣλаټ֮С
Ⱥ֮е񾳽ʿĪһҲǿǵãվΪ˷ֹ˫ӱ֣Ҳġ
˫֮ıۻڳĪӾﾲţǴӵĽȻչݵ䣬ʼȷ۵ԽԽ֣ȴʼն˵˶Է
ģʱԽԽΧΧ۵ˣѾһһǻû˵ԷֱλݱȽϳȵˣǽ⼸ټѧ˵Щˣⳡֹͣ
ۿڽˣΧΧ۵ˣҲɢɢʱ򣬻ҲԸղǼ˱۵飬̲סչһۡ
ʱɫҲѾˣسǵĳŶѾرգһɷ֮ȫǣղűմЩˣȻЩ뿪ˡ
Ⱥ֮УĪӵĿһֱ䵽Ǹݳȵ˵ϣΧɢȥĲ֮󣬶ԷԼͶĿ⣬Ī¶һĨЦݡ
ȤȻһλְͨ취ɵĵѣţĪ΢Цȥ


ڰ˰ʮ Ч
ĪǸݳȵ߹ȥߵԷǰǸݳȵˣ͹Īһһ˵
㣬ǰ
ȴ˸кĪӱЦЦ˵û뵽ҳһ£Ȼһְ취ɾʿûб˼һģһȥɣ
Īӻһ˵꣬תͷһԵľ¥˼ǳԡ
ǰ룬ȻԸ⣬ܹǰҲԵ֣һЩɻǰָܹһԣĴ
һ˵꣬˾Ⱥ߽˾¥֮Уһżʼ̸
ĪӿʼձŹ㣬ȿ˵ѡĳɾķǧ·ԽԽˣְͨ취ɾͽɣҲԽԽˣ
ǰ㣬һڳɾʿԷѡĳɾķǺһԼĵΪһѧ˵ԳһңԴﵽͻƽɾĿġ
ټѧ֮вٵѧɣǵĿߣˣƾſһѧɣΪɾǿߵġ
ֻŰټѧУѧɵԽԽ࣬ѧ˵Ĳϵƺ󣬽ЩѡַʽɵģѾԽԽˣĪҲû뵽Լһ
ĪӵĻߵ㣬ƽ˵ܹͻƽɾķԹûһκηʽֻһγԣܷɹͻƣҪ˵Եѡ˷ʽҲԼΪʺϵķʽڳɹͿ컯ˣ
̬ǷŵıȽƽͣԼѡͻƷʽƲǶôģ̬ȷʵǳᶨġ
Īе˵ͷڵַʽͻƣȻӦ̬ȣԼûģôɹĿܾĺСˡ
ĪӽͿԿĿǰѡͻƵĵ·ߵĲǺ˳Ҫ˵ԼһѧˣڵһЩ뷨ȱͬģǷԵġ
Ϊʲô뷨ҪһѧɣĪӶϵĲ豭һڣȻȻʵ
Īʳ⣬ĻشһСţΪﵽ꾳ʱõСͨñǴϢ
տʼʱԼСͨЩﲻ϶æ֮֮УһδվľһδΣյʱСͨղܹӳģͬԭûʲôõСͨ˺ܶĻԵʶСͨã
˵תͷһĪӣЩǸһЦȻ˵
ѾΪӡסˣûа취ǰʾԼСͨǰ¡
ΪСͨ˴һµѧɣܹǿϢݵ뷨
徳Ϣݵٶܹܿ죬ôںܶϣҪڷ㡣ϣҪľ£˲ܹϱ˻ʣҲܹʱ´£Ҳӷͨϱ裬ҲԸĿԵĵ
Ī˵꣬΢΢ĵͷ˵ݣĪӻϻǱȽͬģֻ徳ڣϢĴݲǲӣĴˣһ㡣
ҲһЩصĽ裬ʳķ֮ǿ֮еǸ󣬶дϢãݣȷЩȴ˼⡣
⼸⣬һϢݵķΧϢݱøӷḻͬʱһЩٶȡ
ⲿµݣҲû뵽ֻȴЩ鷳һЩѡ
Ī΢΢ĵͷ΢һ£ȻŶĪһٴ˵
֮£ǰҲѾˣĳɵ֮;ߵòǺ˳յüǰϣǰָܹһĿǰӦƾ֣ܹøͬһѧɣ
ĪŴԣ㣬΢˼һ£Ȼſ˵壬ټѧѾˣҵѧ˵Ҳ˳ӦķչϵĽŵҪͨԭİ취ѧ֮λаټ֮УµȷЩѡ
ҽ㣬ֱӿʼȥ뷨ΪʵʣһֵᵽıȻһЩŷ˳ɼ֮ҪԼѧ˵Ҳ׵öˣ
Īô˵㲢û¶ʲôȻ֮ɫзЩʧ
Īֱȥ飬Լ֮ǰѾ뵽ˣһô򵥵ĻͲҪĪˣܹĪӻƵˡ
ĪҲ˼˵¿ͷѣʵĻܵһֺᷢܶ⣬⣬ȴһ£Ϊ˷Щ⣬ʹԼĿһ
ҪɵĿ꣬ҪһѧɣȻӦֶΣٵĴϢûеĻǴеֶ֮иԼ죬Ӧ顣
ߣһѧɣʵʵڶ棬һ֮ԶԶģټѧɵУҵв֮ͬһϣѰ־֮ͬˣûеĻһЩˣͶаѧɺͬ飬ӦûһʵֵĿһЩ
ԭлЩʧĪ˵Щ֮󣬾͸оȻˣվĪһ
лǰָ㣬ˣ
Ī̹ȻһȻЦǾϣյóԸպ֮ʱܹԵƣ
˵仰ĪӾͻվֱȥ
պ󵽵ܷɾͽɣڻ˵ĪӺ˵Щȴĳָ㣬Ȼܺܶ˶֪
ĳ̬ǷŵıȽƽ͵ģмȥ;ģ֮ǰһ⣬̬ûת䡣
ԼӡΪԼһټѧӵݣһµѧɣȴûзӡסԼߵ̬µʱ̫Уʶû뵽ϡ
İټѧһͳƣеѧɵİУű˴֮以ϣྺٽ˼ҪУһ̬ϵ룬һϣߺͰټѧӵȷЩġ
һ̸ĪҲ΢һЩԷܹΪԼСͨ򣬲һһߵĵĪһֵĽ塣
ںبһս֮ĪʵŲСջڶԷϣĪӸĿһЩӽɾ磬Ŵ߾ͻƵ
بԼĵ·ˣľ˰Ƽķ᳹ĵ;ȻĪܹѧͻƴߵİء
بϻõ򣬼ĪԼԴ˴֮ϣһ·оĴĪӶԼӽɴﵽߵ˽Ϊ뷨ЩԼһղܹͻƽɣﵽˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ¼СԺ
֮һ˴һ̸ĪһЩĪԭҪĴ߿˼Ҳʱ˲٣ܿͻصӰء
ĪһλصӰأоһȣٻһЩ仯ģһЩɵĶʧˣͬҲһЩµĶˡ
һ·ֱɽȥ·ϣĪӷ֣ӰصߣƺǰֶһЩвٵˣһǳϵ
Īһֱ߻ɽϤĵطֱӾ롣
ɽһ̣ĪоһԼصҵĸоȻصԼļңȻҲؽԼĴڸС
ڲĽԼĴڸе£ĪӻɽʵǣȻܿͱע⵽ˣ˷ĪӵʱȫеЩϲ
Ī߻ص÷ǰʱ÷ۼеĵӣѾӭˡ
Ī߽е÷۵ӣȫһ
Īע⵽ЩӶԼ֮ڳƺʱѾֱӳƺԼʦˡ
˳ƺ˵ǵıּСҲ˵÷Щ˲ٵ
һ֮÷۴ĵӺܿɢˣֻڡվĪӵߡ
ʦһ˵ܿȥ˼ˣû뵽˼ҾȻԼˣǲˣֻʣ֮ھʹյĪӵߣƤЦĶĪ˵
ǰʣҪ֮Ͽ㣬ʮ֮ԻһۣĪЦеض˵ͬʱҲԴһ¡
ڼΪ÷۵Ĺѵӣɻûиģµĵ˵ʱҲ⸱ƤЦģĳ̶ֳ˵Ҳһֵļᶨı֡
Щŵڣܹ˵ʦϣ֮£÷Щ귢չɲ
ĪĿ䵽һԵϣΪѾͻ˴磬֪ѾԼıץס˱ƳɹʱĻɹ̤뵽˴硣
ЩĽٶҲ佾̤꣬ʵصУȻЩȱݣΪʦܹǷ̤ʵֲȱݣ֮·˭ߵж죬˭ߵԶĪӿӺúõһ䡣
ĪܹóΪͻƵʱ䲻ͻƴʱ򣬹Ҳ΢Щץסᣬɹشﵽ˴硣
ĵӣҪͬĽһᶨģڹͬʱȶ̬
ĪӶԼĹϿɣһ˵ӽǽ̻壬ض佾̤꣬ʵУ
ԼʦĹϿɣǸеǳ˵ģ÷յӣһֱߵľǾӢ·ߣµĵ֮У϶Ժʾ߼ѵġ
ͺվԵΪʦֶΪͬҲﵽ˴磬ѾģһЩ÷۵ӣΪͬҲĺܿ죬мѾﵽ񾳽硣
ĻУԼΪۿҪϵı󱲳Խ¶Դ˿ñȽϿҲûκεĴ
˵֮ĪӰĿַŵϣԭʾͷǳõΪĽܿ죬ΪСһĵӣûлӹ÷۵Ĺ֮λˣΪʮа˾ţȳɣȻȥ֮ϡ
ȹ̣ӦҲʱûʲôʣͰǣҾͲָʲôˣĪļ΢ЦŶ˵
ûʲôģƺһжá
ףԣҲǹһ
ںĪӽһЩ÷ۺӰطһЩ飬÷״
ϵͯ÷һʮӣձִУǵӣѾ˵
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ڻרĪᵽһ㣬ǾĪɽ򸾣һЩϰϵĸı䣬ԭĪɽڴ֮ǱȽĳģʲôҪ˶һģʱ򶼻֣ȴٲˣĪӵĸףƽٲ˺ʹĸŮһЩҳ̵飬ҲٻǾһˡ
ĪڵĽʶҲºӹеĸĸԵƣֺԵļį֮Уһʱ֮ЩĬˡ
⸸ĸ飬Ҳ֪Ǳԭ
궼ѾǣϤ˺¶ԽԽˣȻܹ˵ϻҲˡ
Ϊ˴֮гǣЩеĺȻҲʶɱ˴֮վһЩңЩҲߡ
ûмܹ˵ˣŮҲߣȻȻľͻоįҲò̫á
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ĪãջԼĿ⣬תͷԵ÷Ȼḧ÷ɣɫĹâķţ÷ĸ
һλ÷ûж÷ĳ̶ȣҪͨķһǳĹ̡
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Īӷ£÷ƺо˾Υػζ·ڻȸԾһ㡣
Īվ÷£Ժ֮ȴһμ÷ʱĳ
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һĻĻ£ĪĿºӹķһۣҹĻ֮УԵðǹ¼ŵСԺĪ૵
ΪŮȻýŮ֮ˣҲ˰


ڰ˰ʮ ũ
峿̫֮ʱ÷۵ξѾʼˣ÷۵ĵӣȫ÷ǰһʼһΡ
÷۵ÿжĵضС÷÷۵ĵӶԣϾڴ֮ĹһС
Ī÷£ǰЩһжԼġ÷
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ĪһΣĪûйָ㣬һḶ́ҲЩӸоջڡ÷һء
ν֮ĪӲûɽֱתɽȥܿºӹ壬صԼҵԺǰ
Ī߽ԺӵʱÿĪɽͷƺҪȥŽĪӣĪɽ˲һ㡣
Ӷ㣬ˣ΢һ£ĪɽоһĨ֮ɫͬʱҲЦݡ
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϶¶ϲ֮ɫĸĸĪЦſ˵ˣ
Ī仰һĪɽû̫ķӦĪӵĸף˫̾ͺˣ৵һµ䣬Щʵ˵
ͺãúõڼЪЪ
ĪӿĸᣬæǰοһԵĪɽȴЩԹ˵ӶˣǺ£ʲôѽ
⻰ԹʵҲǰοֻǶ˹һˣû˵Ļϰ
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ʳ仰ʱĪɽȻЦŵģ֮УһڴϣܹõһҪĴ𰸣һԸֹסĪӵĸͬҲˡ
λûʲô£ֻͨжѣӦܹһʱ䣡ĪӶڸĸı飬ȫ۵ף룬ĪҲ֪һ
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ϾϲЦݲûг̫ãĪɽͻȻЩɵ˵ؼʱ䳤ˣ᲻Ӱ쵽УӰĻ㻹ΪأõҺ
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ǶĪӵУûṩκεİĪҪ˼ǣǵϣȴŶĪһ飬ʼոĪһݴһϣĪӿҪ֮˶ҪҸΪӵ顣
صеĵһ죬ĪӾں͸ĸ֮жȹˣϵʱһԺгԷСԺ˾ΥĻЦҲһҹĵƣϨĶҪ
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ĪɽĪӣЩɻʵ
Һܾöû¹ˣЩԴɽ֮ûôλ׼һʱ䣬ҽ͵һµأ̽ңôЩĪЦ˵
㶼ˣѧЩʲôֵصĻǶܹ÷ģҪȥӳͷЩĪӵĸǰһְĪƽ½ǣһ߿˵
ô˵ĪɽЩˣѧЩôûãҿ˵ˣЩټѧɵѧӣҪũҵĻҲҪѧЩģôûã
ڶ죬ĪӻǺĪɽһˡ
Īһ׼µأĪɽ˿Щüɫģһ·ϻĪӽţֵӦô֣ͷҪôӲʡ·ϼһЩʱ򣬽ҲǸ顣
˵˵ĪһаĪɽĽ̵ͬһͨũһ㣬ţĪɽһʱʱĳָһ¡
һֱæµɹͣӶŻؼңһѾ׼õͣȻͷµˣɫŻ
ڶʱĪɻǸ磬Īɽһµȥˡ
ͨһʱ䣬ССºӹ壬Ҳ֪ˣĪɽңֶһ·ʱ˻̲סĪɽĪǼʲôˡ
ÿôʱĪɽͻ˵ҼҴӣǳ˵Ǹ
ĪҲǡԣ¶һЩɵ΢ЦЦݵˣʲôˣֻĪɽںǿЦ
һȥºӹûмĪɽһͶĴĪӡ
һչȥĪʼһͨũĴ磬ÿĪɽȥһЩżҲԼɽȥ񣬻һЩ顣
ӹʮ֮һϣĪɽϨƺڴؽ̸š
ҵģ˵Ӷ⼸쵽ô£ÿȥũһôãĪӵĸ΢Щǵ˵
Ҳ֪ΪֻǸ죬ȻͻɽȥɹôˣԽԽ𾢶ˣӦòʲô£ҲаɣĪɽԴһЩο˵
û˵ôеѽӶ⼸Ĵ磬ǺʱͦģҪӢЩ˵Ӷûи÷УʵʵڼֵصĻӦþӰɣ
ܰɣûеĻǼӣͲôгϢˣ
仰˵֮˾˳Ĭûٿ˵һ䷿֮еĪӣҲ˶ϾȵĺȻѾ˯ˡ
Īȷ϶˯֮Ҳı˫ֻۣƽڴϵڵķȴڲϵתţһַǳٶȲ
صºӹ壬ĪЩһеΪھԼТģиĸȥʱʱõľТʽʵڸĸǰ顣
֮ĪҪһֱڸĸ飬ֱ޵һ죬ûа취⣬ǶϸղŵĻȴĪһµ뷨


ڰ˰ʮ 
һ峿֮ĪĴ磬ųͷĪɽһ߳˼š
ֻǣĪɽ򸾿ŽĪӣȴʼվһЩ仯ƺͨһЩһũˡ
϶Īӵֱ仯Ҳ֪ǺǻĪеӣҲû̫ģԼӣС󣬻ûмҪǲĵ¡
ӾôһĹţһ۾͹ȥĸ£ĪڼУͬũһһģ
߲꣬ĪɽȴЩˣû뵽ĪһξȻôʱ䣬ǰжŮ鵱ȻǺõģ˵ĪӵУҲԸ⡣
ڣĪһɫؼҵʱԺһԷĪɽ̲סĪʵӶλʱѾˣӦÿҪ뿪˰ɣ
仰Īſӵ΢΢ͣһ£Ȼǰĸĸ˵Ҳߣ
仰һĪɽ¶˴㵵飬Īӵĸ׿ĪɽһۣȻ󿪿ʵӶ˼λʱˣ
ţѸߣ߾ТģĪӵͷش
ǣô죿ĪɽȻĪĻشԵÿĶοȴû¡
е飬ҲµģϷİɣĪ˴
ô˵Īɽ򸾾ֹֻͣ⣬ûټġ
ɽϣĪվ÷£Ŀºӹķ򣬿ŸոշһĻԵ÷ǳƽ
˵ΪʲôһĪӣɽҲһĪӣֻһֶַΰˡ
ԴӼǰ˸ĸ֮ҹ̸ĪӾͶһ뷨ȫ÷İ취һԼĸТ
ֶǰΪȴȫܹ쵽ˣȻûжʵչ˸ĸӦǹˡ
ǺĪȡԼһѪҺԼԪͷһºӹ壬ԼĵĻصɽ
⼸ºӹеǸĪӣĪӺԼķϽģѾȷûʲô⡣
ջԼĿ⣬ĪתϣĿ͸ͷ÷Ҷǿ֮С
֮ϡǳĪӲɵ̾һҪڸĸǰТҲְֻ취ˣԼķԼͨģԼҲÿʱÿ̶֪ڸʲôĳ̶ֳ˵ͬҲԼ
ҹɫĪӾϣ˫ۣĿϢ
µλ΢΢ҡţʼնͬĽƵʣΪС
˵ڶϣһճʼĪҲͬһ÷۵ĵӣһж÷
ν֮ӶɢĪӶں˵
ˣΪʦҲӦ÷ȥˣպʲôµĻȥºӹǱȥѰңƽͲҪˣ
ףںԣͬʱһ
Īӵ˼ڸǣƽʱûʲôµĻͲҪºӹǱȥˣһбͺá
ԼӵͷĪתŲǰһû֮Уʧˡ
ʧĪӣں˴˶һۣȻͬʱתͷºӹķͬһǵʦһصĴ磬ƺ׼ɽ
ԷϵϢǳƽ·ΪֹҲһͨũûʲô뵽ºӹĻС
ʦ˼⣬ͦģģƬָ֮Լ°ͣԴһ˿ζ˵
˵֮תͷ׼˵ʲôŤͷߣûи˵Ļᡣ
Īߣıص󣬺ܿͻصԼĵȻ鿴һµ֮еһжãͿʼڵ
ĪѾ˴ӽɾﵽ߾һİҪģǼԼΪȫĲɾڵĻۡ
⣬ҪĪӾһʱĿˣڻû鷳Լ֮ǰĪӴúõץʱ䡣
ĪĵĻص죬ʼչһŲÿ֮⣬ܹһԼºӹͶĳ
Īӵ飬ĪɽʱϵЦݶ˲٣˵ϵʱ򣬿϶ϣŮģܹŽܶļį
Īӻص֮ĪһΣһĪɽ򸾣еĪӵʱҲǴһֵ֮һ̸Ī΢˵һЩԼĪȻ
ߵʱĪרѡһʱ䣬Ī̸̸˵һЩЩ飬жڸĸĿǷ
ĪģĪоԼĪŸӦڸĸߣһТ
ֹ˴£ĪֻصºӹĸӦǺĪǰͨˣڼĪӵʱ򣬲ûбֵĶôȣֻǼԼֳǱȽϸ˵ġ
ĪࡢĪһ֮֮½½ģһЩ󱲵ĶҲĪӡ
ȵЩ˶һ֮ºӹֻصյĪҲƽʱһԼũһ
һصʱºӹǸССԺУͱøˣһЩ÷۵ļˣССԺ䣬ֵĳѰҲĪɽЦ÷ǳĿġ
ڶ˵ӣһֱӣԼŮܹôͷأֻܹƽƽģǾͱʲôá
ºӹ߷ǳ֣Īӣֻ΢Ĺעһ£ͽͶ뵽Լ֮С
Ϊﵽ˽ɾڣ֮Ѿǰ̽һξ룬֮;ϣѾߵøԶˣǰĵ·ͬҲԽߣ̽ȥпܴǰҲпľͻƫ
һֽվüǰǰԨҲһ֪
֮ͨ;һǽԼĵнһҪһЩȡᣬȴǲòȡᣬİɽһḶ́ȥα棬Ӷӽӽ
ĪΪֹĵ޵ˮľ֮ٵĴ޵ǳ֮֮Լռ֮Щ򵽵һʱ֮
ҪԼĵһľĪӺ׾ܹȡᣬԼ֮ǿ϶ǲܱģ֮Уǳ֮⣬ʵûôҪȫԴԼĵ޳
һĪӶչľͷǳѸˣҲɾʱ򣬲ûһʱ̰ãȥôĵϣɾûôˡ
ˣĪӶԣҲֻǽһԼĵĸһЩҪĴﵽߵľ磬ǵɽɾڵĻۣҪһβ̵ʱ䣬ĪҲȷԼ׾òܹɡ


ڰ˰ʮ ڳ
ʱһĹȥĪԤ֮пܺܿ鷳ƺδڶ͵һֱûб˴š
еĪӣڲ˴ŵ£һֱűչؿޣºӹĪӣҲĪԸһֱڸĸߡ
ʱȥºӹĪӣ΢һ仯ԭǳӣԵԲ˲٣˵ĸоԽˣ˴ڵ⣬͸¶һʵϢһ֪һʵͽׯںӡ
ʵҲȷˣЩĪɽĪѧļɣͳΪũһѺ֡
ΪĹϵԭѾöûб仯СԺҲһЩµʳʱĪɽ˰֣ɻҲܹ࣬ȻѾĪˣĪɽʱǴֵǸ
㾭ǵĪЩũæĹУҲһЩͬڸտʼֻ㸸ĸڵĪӣ̬ǳƽͣڼũ飬Ҳø档
Īڼ鸸ĸĵ꣬λϵһЩǾԱǰöˣĲϣȫڸȥˣʱţûǱöôϡ
ڼ䣬ĪӼ뿪ºӹ壬صʱ֮⣬ڵȵҲûҹ
ĪĪЩؼҵĴҲƵһЩȻÿ궼ܹһΣǵŮ
ĪҲЩУŽĪࡢĪеѪȫһ顣
ò˵Īǿ֦ɢҶˣĪĺˣڼѾҪλˣĪ֮ĪȺŮڸѾȢӣǼˣԵҲȢӻ߼ˡ
˵һ㣬ĪЩҲһ˼飬ǾҪԼ˵ýģ׵ǣĪӵĸ׻Щ⶯ԼĶһˣŰЩƵ
ڼ鸸ĸĵ꣬ĪоĿ֣ԭе֮⣬ĿĶһЩׯڡ
Լָ£׳ɳׯڣĪиоһԵĳʵУһĿ̣Ҳ֮еĪӣһݴԼһͨĽһƣҲ˸кͷ
Ȼ۲ľ˵ֻǱȽֶͨΣĪԸĻܹŹľ֮κεϸڣһеİȫ۵ףϸ΢Ĺ۲죬ȴûȥһڴУһļ֤Щľĳɳá
˵׽Ĺ۲΢ʱĲһڴ۹۲ջ
Ĵ֮ĪӵȻǸϿȴһԼһͨɻָԼͨһζԵеʱܹطӳһ
Īڼ鸸ĸĵ꣬еԺ䣬·һ£ϾôȥԭСԺҲЩϾˣؽǾֻܽзޡ
ĪɽҲĪȥסЩɵĵط·һ£ֲȫƵؽطǸϤĵطֻסŸһЩˣ
ߣЩĪ飬ĪࡢĪҲʱﱲС˵Ҳˣ֮󣬶ϵ̬ͲǰŹһһˣᣬܼ֮֡
еԺӷ޹֮סȻҲˣϸָֻһЩϰߣ˵ĪɽȥæӣдеһЩŮҲĪӵĸһһЩҳ̵Ļ⡣
ڼ鸸ĸĵڰ꣬һĪӱȽϰ֣ûжԼʲôı䣬ֻʵʵũʵʵڸĸߡ
ڼеĵھ꣬һĪĪûһϢʹˣĪãĪֶһж
һֱĪӻؼҵĵʮ꣬ĪɽϵԵԣͷİ׷Ҳ˲٣ҲûԭôˣĪɽȥʱмϢĴԱˡ
ȻЩ½ȴûʲôëĪӸǷµЩҩ֮ǰԻ޲֣һֱ彡
һ꣬ºӹĪӣѵõ뿪һºӹ壬ȥһɽһ档
ڼ֮ĪӾֱת뿪ԭӦѾ۵ĲˣܹﵽԪɵĳ̶ˣһƻõܹ꣬ĻԲɾԪɡ
ڶֵڣʱѾʮ꣬ͳĪԭƵʮ꣬ЩЩ͵ġ
Ӻܿ͵Īӻصҵĵʮһ꣬һһΣĪӣѾͥ˺ӴˣҲ͹һ꣬ӦĳɾԪȻǰ֮ˡ
ͬҲһ꣬ľʱִǸǣҲǿ֮лˡ
һִǸʱϿνǱȽ϶ݵģǱһһλãܹĪӵϣԵ䵽ǵϣ⻹ʲôɲģ
һΣȻҲջܴʮʱ䣬ȻûΪﵽɾڣҲѾӽɳڵĶ壬ĥһʱ䣬ͻƲһ¡
һȥĪڼ鸸ĸĵʮ꣬ڻԲΪԪɾ磬ӴҲһˡ
ڳɵϢҲ÷һ룬̶̰Ĺ÷ȺѾǵλˣ֣ѾôҸеˡ
֮ºӹһĪӣĪҲٴǿһԼλã֮Ϻ󣬾ԼĵȻʹ뿪ˡ
֮ڵϢ˸߿գһλ˵Ĵ£ȥ
֮ĪӣܵϢߣɵͣеĶ̧ͷգ˰֮ҡҡͷּæµ
ĪӣʱǴ֮˫ۣ֮ĸӦڵĵҪͷˣܿͻ
ԴӺبһս֮Ī٣ڸǿߵУĪӵвԲ֮ûг׵ĻԼߣҲܷһֲá
ͺĪһڵֵ֮ȴһЩʱգڵӰڳ˵⣬һģϯӦѾǴߵĸ֡
ϯӦǰĪһϯӦһͬʱа̾һϯӦԹԼ£ԼζѲġ
ϾϯӦ˵ǷǳչˣδʱգϯӦֻҪԷſڣܹ쵽飬ĪӾԻᾡܵȥ졣
е£պӣ˱ȽȤҾͽһˣϯӦĪЦ
лǰˣĪӿһһߵڣȻ֪ʲô£ǿڵӣǱϯӦ΢ͽһ£ڲôԡ


ڰ˰ʮһ ǳ컯
ϯӦӭУ֮󣬻ܿͽ⣬ϯӦϲĥԸֱӿżɽ˵
㣬Ϊڤ֮һЩ飬ϣܹ֣
ǰ뽲ĪԣаһȻȻֱӳʾϯӦ½
ԴظЩһֱڵظظȴѾʼתˣֻĵظܵĲֻ꣬ڤ֮е꣬ųͶȨ
Ҫ꣬ǺѣҪڤе꣬Ͳˣĸ֣Բ׵õظȨת׵뿪ظûǿԣͥϣͥڴʱæ
ϯӦЩ˵꣬ͣסˣȻûֱ˵ҪĪʲô˼ѾıȽˡ
ĪϯӦĻϱ糣ȴڰԵü
˵ʵĪѾٴˣȻÿһζһνףʼûⱾЩ飬ûһ¼򵥵ģûбҪĪӻĲٺʲôˣϯӦˣĪӻ治þܾ
뵽ĪӸ뿪ڴӦȴϯӦּ˵
֮ǰλ߻ˣʱⳤ֮Уûҵʱ֮񣬲һȷʱ֮ϵˣӦѾָˣ
ŴԣĪ̾ϯӦ˼ڸԼԼǰڤæʵһĿģǿܲλʱ֮
˵λ߶Ϊʱ֮Ĳ֮пֻرԴУӡ
˼˴Īоһʱ֮歵ı£Ǿ˵кܴĿܣѾָһЩǡ
死ָǣֻصֻصĺߣͳ˸ͷ󻼡
ȻϵЩȫֻǲ²ѣûۼ֤һ֮ǰͨͨ̽ĪȥһڤҲֻһγԡ
ˣ뵽ЩĪ֪ȥڤԼǵȥΪõһʱ֮Ļᣬ¶Է֪ĪӺпĶҲпܳ֡
ΪֵĻȵĪӵʵ˴ߵĲΣǸʱҪĪӵԪ«߶ȡеʱⳤӵˮΣϳ˲ܵ顣
ˣһᾡȥڤģĪӵ˵ͷϯӦ˵
Ǿͺã㲻̫ģλĴߣǻʱ̹ע㣬⣬ظ΢Щ鷳öһģϯӦĪӴӦ֮󣬽һ䣬Ȼվ
ĶӸյ͵ȥһˣЩ飬ԾͲˣĶӺ˼պпյʱ򣬿ǶһͦϲСģ
ϯӦ˵仰֮תŲٳȥĪӸæͣһֱϯӦͳӰʧĪӲתȥ
Щ棬ϯӦڼ֮֮䵽׷ʲô顣
»ص֮ĪӽСռڣԶں߿ࡣ
ҾͶ˵˼䣬ֱӷųϢѹңȻ˼죬ԹԣλǰǺݣͺĸһ£Ԫϣ
㻹ǻãĪ仰̾Ϳڲһ䡣
ںԣתͷĪӣȻϾ¶˿ı飬ɥĪ˵
ʦӱ۸ˣ˼һô˵
⸱ӣĪֱߵǰ˵Ա£Ȼһۣſڼ˵
ʦӦѾ㣬λǰʲô˰ɣǰˣƤӣ˼ֻͽ䣬Ѿˣ
¶˵Ҳһ£֪ߵغ񣬱Լɣжô˲ˣڴ˵ȷټ֮ϣҲֻһµĽ׶Σո𲽶ѣԺżǵСĽ
ףԣϿıһգһɫĻش
ϯӦӴһ£ȻȷԷһ٣ҲһѣʶԼѾ֮ϣڴϣʿǸֵʱˡ
֮һоһµĿʼ֮УֻСɶѣֵһᡣ
һɫӣĪӾ֪Լ仰еȥˣԲŻɫĻشԼ
һЩСϣڿֵܻЩŵϣϲͿ
Ǿͺãڵ֮УúԼΪϧΪʦҪţûʱԽ̵ˣʦǣȴΪʦ̵һʱ䣡
Īһ˵ţһתͷһǣͷ
ʱ࿴һ㣬ԴΧƲ̽һ£ʱͱ̫Զˣ⣬úúܹΪĻᡣ
ӻúöʦܵģͬͷ
ӣĪתصԼƽչصĵط΢ʰһ£Ȼŵȥ
ȻѾȥڤˣǾûбҪൢ飬ֱӶͺá
ȥһЩĪҲʱ˽һԼȥæģȴ첻֪֡
뿪˵֮ĪӾֱڤĿģһƬɫͻɫľڤ֮УǿŲƵǳɢŲ۵ĹâҫڤĴء
ĪӿǿŲƵǳͻȻ֮䷢֣ǿŲǳڤ֮ϵּһЩǳɢĹâҲ΢΢һЩ仯ɫǳâ֮УԼһַǳɫ̺һ˸е⾳
û뵽ŲƵǳڤУȻһ컯Щ仯ĪӲɵ΢΢еЩȡ
һοǳʱȻڤڲһϵʱϵȽ΢ѾƵǳǳ֮ȻһЩ仯ļ󣬿ҲֻһЩѣ˵ֱ仯ܷô졣
ǰЩ仯ǿ֮УһǳҪı仯ǿµõǧ꣬ʱ⣬ͱ˵ǿǡ
ڤǳܹɱô죬ΪǶһ޶İɣ
ҲֻҪǧҵʱ䣬ŲƵǳܹɱһŴǣǸʱڤеɫʣӦûڷḻһЩ
Īӽ¿һ˲ʧǳϣȻĿ·ȥ
˽һڤĿǰĪӲûѡֱȥظѯʣ׼ԼĿһȫ֣һµӡŵж֮ȥظ
ĿڤĴɨһȦĪӿʮʱȥˣ֮ǰһսµĺۼвûʧһЩıĵΣѾΧĻںϵıȽȻˡ
ΧĿһɨĪӺܿüͷΪ֣󲿷ֵΧڣĿⶼ⵽ˣߣһֵĵطĿͬ⵽
΢Щ鷳Ǻ鷳Ŷԣ龰Ī̲ס૵


ڰ˰ʮ ظ
ϯӦ֮ǰĪӣһ˿ܻЩ鷳龰ĪѾʶЩ鷳ô򵥣൱鷳
ǱڱԼߣΪԷͲϣһظȥ飬Ҳ˲Ӧ׼
ߣĿǰǹҪĵ·λ߶Ϊ컯棬Ѿżڽĳ̵ʱ򣬹ʵȻҪĵ·򣬹Լγɵ
͵ڣڵԼ뿪ظûпõĸ֣ҪķԼԹΪ׵ڤͥпһЩͬܵĹ޺ꡣ
뵽ЩĪӾΪλͥԮˣΪڵ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ĿɨڤأĪӽʹȥæģܵ˽һ˼ҵ˼ʲôƻȻ֪ô
뵽ĪӾŵظȥһ·ĪӲûֱ̫ӻݹ˹ȥһ·ϣĪʼձŸ߶ȵľ裬еı仯ԼܵΣա
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ظѾõֻرԴϿɣ߱ȨȻҪúõʹȨΪ츣λҪԵĻλѲҲһæȥܹ꣬صظҲֻܹأ
һϯ˵֮ʮλĸ֣һ϶ŭɫȻЩɵĪӣֵıȽϿⲢǶǺƢġ
ظ岻ϣҪҲͬĸλǲȰǿ¾ֻһˣղ˵λĽ˵
һ䣬ڳеĽɣϵϢȻ֮ſ˲ͱýˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ˶ʱ
ʮλǿߣͬһʱſԼϵϢѹΧĿռ䶼ЩŤˡ
һ̣ǷǳɴĶ֣ʮλǿߣͬһʱ䷢˽ǼһˣĿ׼ĪӣǿΣˡ
ЩǿߵĹĪҲд̷ųľԪ飬ͷݶɱķ⼸
Ȼû˿ԥĪӾ׼չͼ
ʱĪȴͻȻ˷ǳϸ΢תͷһͿԼ˸ղŲõЩڱλƻ
λɣͬǿߣϧԵʮ֮Уֻǳ˶ֵĹǲѸٵĳֱ֣ƻ
λΪĪкֹǣĿǰҪֹλɣȻô׵ġ
ĪӷɿؽͼչٴεԼԵĹȫɨ֮УȻںƵˮֱΧһתΧǿһ˲׷׺ˣҺӽӴ
ƵչڤһƬĵ򣬾ƻĽɣͬҲӵĹΧ֮С
Īӹ֮ǰӰѸٵĪ֮Уֱѡߣһӵ
ԷߵĸɴĪһûסλʧ֮ΧʮλɣҲͬʱѡ˺ˣû֮УߵͬǸɴ䣬ֻһ仰صĪӵ˵ĶС
Ī֮ҵϲǶ֣ĪҪĽ˵ûҪƻõѶһЩùҪǲԸùĻʹȥɣ
ŶеܵΧʧϢĪһͼһа̾һ
ȻҪóɹĲһ׵顣
ĸֶɵӣǺײĻһĪӵ˵Ķ֣Ͳ˵ĪԼжǿߵλɣҲߣײĻӲʵıƴδܹʤˡ
ԣǵĿģֻƻֻҪĪӵ˽óɹǵĿľѾﵽˣûбҪಫ
֮ǹƣĪӵҲԼˣʵڲĻĸ֣ҲеʱĪӵ档
ЩƻĽĪԱߵһλɿڵȥǵĽĺѲóɹĪ㿴ǷҪأ
ɣȻ֮ǸⷽпǣҵȲõĽ㱻ƻˣ˵ҲԵаأ
ǿɲ׵ıԷǣűߣĸٴγ֣λһͬռ䣬ȡ޻أĪӶԵλ˵
ǾĪԣýλԣҲ˵ͷ˵
ȻϲùĪӼȻѾ˾ˣôͬæȻҲӲɣͼɣ
Īӵ˿ʼ»ָƵĽͬʱظ֮еڤͥеĹʣͬʱվȥ
ȥս飬ԼõսʱѾˣϢĻۣͬҲ˼£ʱȥһ˶ˡ
λҪоսߣڸ߳ʱϼûй¶˿ϢȻҲûж˷ǵټ
ڤ֮֮󣬻֮Ҳûж˵ʲôֱͬʱʧڤ֮У֪ǰηȥսˡ
ʧһ˲䣬ϵϢһЩһŵĸӦ
νһЩ֮Уλ֪ĺлڤУûһЩߣԼ²ýĪӡ
ڸӦһŵϢ˲䣬ĪӾǸһۣȻĿת˵ظķ򣬺ڤͥķ
͹֮˶Ѿʼˣǲ֪һսѡ˺ηΪսĪţȻֺܿĵͷʼý
ղűƻĽĪӵ΢һЩʱ䣬ŽЩ޸ȵ޸Щ֮󣬴ֲõʱȫһ־裬ſٴγ֣ƻĿǰɹĸ֡
Īӵ˶Ѿ׼ˣȵǳֵʱ򣬾ʩչռֶΣȻóǿĹЩĸһѵ
Īӵ˱ֵһݾ貢ûа׷ѣܿ죬Ǿ͸о˿ռ䲨ȻͿ˸ղ뿪Щĸ֣³ǵǰ
һΣڸӦǵ˲䣬ĪӾֱչͼԵλɣʩչ˿ռֶΣֹĵȥƻ
ͼչƵֱ֮ӾͽеֶУҪȫûڡ
ӵȻǷǳǿģֻǿϧǣĪӱϾһ˲䣬ԵʮλǿߣƾӵҲһ˲䣬ͽʮλǿȫѹЩǿһ۲ƣһûһЩֶΣһЩɱ
ڱ֮ЩǿҲʶЩ⣬ͬʱҲ֪ҪӣǾΣգֶζҲҴţ׷ʱʩչ˳
֮䣬Щֶ֮Уһֱûˣһ֣ã֮УԼƿһ֮·
Ȼ֮ΧĿռȴѾˣҪٵͳһ鷳顣
عһЩǿߣֹ˵ĪӣһЩɣǹλǿߣ˳㻹ˣƿռ
ԭҪƿռ΢ûһʱ䣬һʱĪӣ˵ܹնɱһλǿߣɾʱĪӵˣԼղ޸õĽȻֱ˳ʱƻˡ
һĻĪӵˣеȻŭ𣬸ո޸õĽΪ˲ٴαƻѾǿߴˣ׼һԸһѵʱ˱͵ϮǸղŵŬֳù
ڽٴαƻҲЩ⣬ȴץסʱȫƿ˿ռȻһûռ֮Уٴˡ
Īӵ˿룬˴˵ɫѿһЩĿֱƻĽҪֽѵһ¸ղų֮˵뷨
ղųֵˣȻѹûг֣ɴӶ֮ʱĸоǾֱֵܹľ顣
֮У˴ԣжƷģֻйһʣղųֵˣڤͥǿߡ
ԷѡֵڹۣûǵģԺɵľͱǵˣ˳ģѡʱĸһѣǳû˿ռߡ
һΣûλɿڣĪӾֱ˵²һΣٱƻǾͲùˣ
Աߵλԭ׼ȰĪӵģô˵Ҳûٿڣ޷ǾǶೢһΰˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ʱ
Īӵ˵εĳԣܿ¿ʼˣһ޸űƻĽĪӵһ߾裬ȫһεƻ
ﶼһεƻһڶܷãǾҪһ˵Ӧԡ
ܹڽƻ֮ǰǰץסǰƻˣôͻпܹã˵óɹͿڵĪӵжϣĪ֮ೢһΣбĸ뷨ʵЩƻ˻ɫ
ԭƻĲ֣±޲֮Īӵٴ߾裬ϸĵĸоΧռ䷢б仯׼һ⣬ȶ֡
һΣĸǱȽ̣ûмܳƻڤͥ飬ҲûĪӵֻܼŲá
˺һᣬ²õĽѾһΧĪڸоռôһ˿ϸ΢Ĳ
ˣ
оһĪûеȶԷȷų˿ռ䲨ĵط̧־ľɹ⡣
һ֣ľɹλã˼죬ΧĿռˮһ㣬΢΢Ļεûһλ˶֡
ĪûЩǷɿתҲһֱһɫǳ֮
ǳ֮һֱ̳ӶǰĿռ䣬ͬʱƳһӰ
ǵӿռбƳӰջһֻΪצ֣Ȼ׼󳷵ӣĪӵ¾ֱӷԼСͨ˲סΧĿռ䣬ǽԼǵӰУ˶Է·
оΧĿռ仯ѹǿѹĪСͨΧڵǵӰ˲˾ӣæΧȵ
λң
⺰仰ͬʱҲ˿ҵ˫ͬʱǰһӣһɿֵĶƾճ֣ǰһ޴磬ĪϮ
ĹĪֻСͨĹѹƣͼǾ޴磬ۿɼٶȱԽԽСܿ;ֹˡ
ԼĹô׵ľͱˣĪС֮ͨеλɣæٴη
˫һ̧һɫԵЩڵĿγɣ˳һǰӿͬʱͷ­Ҳ˲仯ͷģһţһȻǰ³
һ£ĪСֵͨķΧɫĿˣͬĩһ㣬ֻʣڵɫ
Ѿֳεĸ֣ʱûͼĪӵСͨĪСͨеͬȳ
һߵλɣȻھ赲κȱƣֻܿһֽɹĪӵСͨ
ЩɵĹ£ĪСͨγɵĿռ䣬Ȼ΢Ļζȴʼûбƣĺڷ磬Ҳڿٵɢȥ
ڷɢȥ֮ʱλĽǿߺȻĪСͨӪĿռ֮Уǵͬ飬Ѿѹһò£ԳΣǿòҵţϵĴ·ޱˮ
Īӿűѹڲµ飬ϴЦݿڵû뵽˶Ʒ飬Ҳû뵽쾹Ȼ㣡
ķһĪûۼȴһʱ飬ΪԼûг֮ǰڶԷгԹһôĪһֱǵá
û뵽ȥԷѾΪ˶Ʒ飬ɲɵıԼץסˣôǰˣÿһ㡣
ĪСͨӪĿռ⣬ЩĸֿһĻ־ּһ޲óȴЩԥ
û뵽ͬΪսķĪ£Ȼ׵ľͱĪסˣûǶ೤ʱľԮᣬĪʵжϣҲȻһ¥
Ī׼ǰķ񣬳׵ʧȥʱĪͻȻ֮оԼΧһУһӶֹͣˣԼСͨҲܵӰ졣
СͨĿռڣޱߵˮҲҡΣѹڲ֮µķĹ֮г׵ĶˣĴˮ棬ˮҲ˿С
ʱ֮ڤ
ʱ䶨ı仯Īʶʱ֮ˡ
һ̣Īǰһɫâ֮еӰ·վʱԴ;ͷ֮µ˫ۣڿԼ
ĪʱͬҲʱĽ֮УȻܹתģֻԼ˼άˣʱ֮ڵû˿ķ֮
ʱ֮񻺻̧֣Īһ㣬ĪӵӰʧԭء
Īʧ֮ʱŻָеĽǿߣûʶղŷʲôڼʱֹͣһ̣顣
ҵţͻȻ֮оԼϵѹСһЩǿѹĲȻĶˣɵŬ˼£ȻȻСӲѹ֮˳
ʱŷ֣ĪӾȻѾӰƬͨӪСռ䣬ҲҪʧˡ
ܿʹСռ֮ߵλɣҲѾĸͣˣ֮䶼ЩɲܿŶԷ
ҶĪӲˣͻȻ֮ȥһ˫һʱ䶼ûзӦ
Ƭ֮ĸʶĪͻȻʧ׼ıǱ˴˶һۣ׼ٴζ֣ͻȻоӲ֪ǿĿͻȻ併䣬ǵλá
⼸Ŀ⽵ٵ˲䣬ڳеĽǿߣоЩӲ˷·ڱ׵ţ˲ͱˣĿܿȥˡ
ͻȻСԭ׼ֵĸ֣ʱû˼ֵߵλɣҲͬûжټֵҲýˡ
ĪǿĸֶʧˣҪýǸǰֵƻҲùˡ
ǺǼǿĿʧ֮ߵλǿߣܸɴľʧԭء

ĪӸоԼһʱתĸо֮ʱĸоʧˣҲܹˡ
ĪӿԼͷҲȥĳӣѾ֪ԼˣԼǱʱ䳤֮С
֮еʱ֮񣬾վǰԶĬĬĿĪӣȵĪӵĿתϵʱſ˵
ּˣò˵ܴ󣬶Ҳܲ
л佱ҲǿһܹסĪƽĻش
˵仰ͬʱĪʵ΢ЩΪ̲˵λĴߣһֱעԼֻҪʱ֮һ֣ͻֶԸ
ڵʵǣԷ֮λĴ߲ûӦԼѾԷʱ䳤֮Уλƺûз֣̲ԣȻЩ̫һ


ڰ˰ʮ Լȡʱ
˾㣬ȰͷڴϻҪĶ֮ǰӦûֲ⣡
Īӻ˵֮ʱ֮ƺµĪ룬һ߿Īӣһ߿ڶĪ˵
Ī仰֮һʱ֮˵ǻѻΪԷûбҪƭԼʱ䳤ӣǶԷûʮİյĻԷҲʱ֣һһŲæӡ
֮ǰʱ䳤֮ѰҵټĶΣȴûҵңԾͲ²⣬ҿֻܲصıԴ֮УֻصıԴ̽飬ֹһأȵʶʱһѾˣ
ʵǲ֪ҴʼվѰҵټʱҾһֱǵƤ£ֻδֶѣ
ʱ֮һ˵ţһѾߵĪӵߣɫĹâѾĪӵϣĪһ֣ԼԪҪĸо
ʱĪȻܺ¶ԷʵҪԶԶԼô־ܿɲС
ĪˣȴԼֱԭأڵķԪҲԷƵģΨһܶõģ¾ֻԪ«ˡ
ʱ򲻹Ԫ«ԪʱԪ«ǻᱻԷߣԣĪҲûʲôԥģֱӴ߶Ԫ«֣«ڴ򿪣еŵǹˮ
ɫǹˮԪ«кĪǰʱֶ֮ȥȴʱ֮ϵǲ⵲סˣû䵽Էϡ
ˮϧ̫һЩ
ʱ֮һ߿ڳһһһֻ֣İУĪͷԪ«ץס
Ԫ«ֵһ̣֮еʱ֮Ҳ̲סЩõҪĶҲȻҪĪӵԪĪϵʱʧˡ
ûеĪӴһ̣ȴһαˣҰһӴѹѹĪӵԪĪӸоһЩʹࡣ
Ԫ«ʱ֮ϵɫâ΢΢һЩЩߺ޵Ŀڵ
㾹Ȼеʱ䳤ˮΣһβʣˣ֪жô֪غҳɵ֪ɱ㣿
Īʱ֮˿еŭǿļһЦݣȻ󿪿ڵΪغɵҲŲܹţ򣬵䵽ʱ򣬻ܳʱ䳤֮ˮͳɵ𣿡
ЩԪ«ʱ䳤֮ˮĪһβƽʱȫõԼˣõķ˵ݳ޵ķˡ
ʱ䳤ӵˮΣЩãĪ޷һһϸֵ֮ãӰʱá
˵ͨʱ䳤ӵˮΣòľʵӿٶȣһдı׶ˡ
ϣҲкܶ÷򵥵ľʹӳԼʱ䣬ȻҲݳ޵÷Īõľַ
ûʱⳤӵˮδһЩúõоһ£ʱ֮һղĪӾһղЩ
㵹ǴĴ֮٣Ҳû취ӳ̫õʱ֮ԣָƽ˵˵ֱ֮ӽԪ«ʱ䳤֮У両ʱ䳤ӵı棬йԴԴϵʱ׼һЩʱ䳤ӵˮΡ
תͷĪӣȻ˵Ҫķܱ֮ҪһЩԼûдʱ䳤ӵˮΣ˵ҲܹܿҪķǸʱһ·
Īô˵пٵ˼ŶԲߣʱȫ벻ʲôܹԼļƲߣΨһķڴλߣܹĽĿٻصʱⳤӣϸһ飬ûпܷԼټ
Լ֮ǰʱ䳤ˮεģҲȫùʱ֮ǰȷԼȡһЩŵʱ䡣
Ī˼ŶԲߣû˵λʱ֮ҲʱĪӣĿʱ䳤֮УϸĹ۲
ʱ֮ĶĪӺܿ췢֣עģʱ䳤ϵԪ«ʱ䳤ڣڷһĻ
Īʱ䳤Уϸ۲ĻҲܹľ
ĪϸĹ۲죬ܿںˮ֮УչֵһĻ
һƬֱ治ĵĺڰռ䣬λӰƴȫսϵһ⣬ϵشƺڰĿռ䣬ȻֿٱڰɣǿͨһδڰĿռ֮У·𿪱ٳһƬС磬գ֮
͹ʵսĻ棬Īϲս˭ֻЩֱ治սĵطһ΢Щģսʱܶණͬ塣
սĻʱӦƾеģһռƵ
λߣʵ֮ܲĴ֮£ΪѾﵽ˶ߵˮƽֻҪⳡʣµλʤߣļпܳΪ컯棬ȿ᲻ҿ죡
ĪӶʱ䳤֮еĻ棬һԵʱ֮ٴοˣԵ÷ǳƽ˵Ļȴоôһ˿
Ļ䵽ĪӵĶУĪȴʲôҪ༥뷨ΪԷ˵͹ҪΪ컯棬ǵٶδʱ֮졣
ֻҪԪ«еʱ䳤ӵˮ㹻ôʱ֮񣬽пԽߵľ硣
Ǹʱ͹֮ǰôŬ˿̵ľսú壬ֻĿⳡ֮
Īӿʱ䳤֮еĻ棬ģĻ֮У͹ɴѷַ֣ſֽţûκս˸Եʵչֵ쾡£Ҳ˾ֳʤƺЩңңڡ
һƯʱ䳤ˮϵԪ«ĪѾܹоԴԴʱ֮ע£Ԫ«УѾ˼ʱ䳤ӵˮΡ
ʱ֮˵ҪķҪԼеٺܶ࣬Ƕ٣ĪӲǺ
ԷȻܹȴǾ˵ĲǺܾܶ࣬ǼʮϰٵεӰɡ
˵Ļȵʱ֮Լеķ֮뵽컯磬ҲǺܿᷢˡ
ĪӸո뵽ʱ֮Ŀ⣬Ҳٴ䵽ϣĿһЩ˵
ЩϧҲ㣬֤ҵ컯һ̣ʱ䲻ˣպһסģ
ĪԣеЩڸԷǳƽɱ⣬ͬҲǳļᶨ϶Է˫Ŀ⣬Īһٽĸо
֮дֲһıƽȴûеʱ򣬾͸ӻоݴֲ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ʱ䳤ӵĺϣĪĿٴʱ䳤ڣǴѷ֣ƶʱںѷֳµĹʺˡ
Ԫ«УѾʮʱ䳤ӵˮΣʱ֮ѾԽԽӽˡ
ʱʱ֮Ŀ⣬ѾεĶԪ«ϣû˼ȥעʱ䳤֮еǳսˡ
˵ҪĶǰԪ«еʱ䳤ӵˮΣֻҪﵽԼҪķ컯磬ǰ˵ǳڷսڸϾ˼
Īл˼ţԼһܹ¾ֻʱܷһƵĻ᣿
ĪѾ̫ϣܹʱԼˣʱֲ֮Ųæ̬Ⱦ֪ȫ˾Լ
ˣԼֻ취ԾȣƾԼɾʵʲʱ֮Ķ֣Ϊ֮ǰҪԸĸ֣ͼԼûյԪ«Уչͼƴȫһ˵ܹȡһ
ֻӵһԪԼԪǿȣһЩ꣬Ҳָܹʲôģֻȱס֮ˡ
뵽ĪѾԾҪƴһԼȡһ֮ǰȽϵʱԼȶС
ƾԼҪ⿪ϵʱĻֻʩչһЩʱʵˣȻΪ𣬵ʱҲ˲ôˣĪš
ôָ꣬һۣʱʵҲ΢ӴһЩȻûҪʩչƾɾΪһ¡
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ЩĪӽԼڵ״̬ܿ뵽һֺʵС
־зͨһƸ۵һֵԪﵽսЧǵ˱κϣʱ򣬲Żʩչ
ҲʺĪӵģΪڵķԪ񣬶ʱţܹʹģֻʣԼ־ˡ
ĿתԪ«ʱ֮Ī֪Լʣʱ䲻ˣԷ⸱ӣζҪѾҪˡ
ûʲôԥģĪԼУʼһƸ۵ȴȻŰĿ⻹ǿʱⳤ֮ڽеս
ģĪӸоԼƺʱܹԼϵʱûżΪĪӱȴһǡʱԼϵʱʱ̾ͻᱻʱ֮ӦԷڽԼһ£һ׼Ͱ׷ˡ
ĪҪ΢ȴһ£ȵԪ«㹻ʱ֮ķʱ䳤ˮΣԼֵʱҲҪȴ̫á
ʱһʧƯʱ䳤ˮϵԪ«УѾʮʱ䳤ӵˮΣĪӹôţѾˣΪʱ֮Ѿ׼Ԫ«ˡ
ȫɫâ֮еʱ֮ڻ̧ƣƯʱ䳤ˮϵԪ«һ֣Ԫ«ˮз
һ̣ĪһĨ⣬ϵϢһȻ͸¶һƸ۵ľȻ
ϵʱ˲ͱĪӳˣԭķԪҲ»ָ˿ơ
ָƵ˲䣬ĪӾóͼԥؽͼչ
һƵӣʱ䳤ӵĺչӨ͸ˮֻǸոչһ룬ͻȻһҫ£ٶȱ÷ǳĻһֳҪסĸо
ʱ֮Ԫ«ʢâҫ֮Уת޾ʱ֮һʱת

³һ仰Ȼҫ۵⣬ֱøһЩҪΧʱ䳤ӣȫС
˿̵ĪӣԼΨһĻᣬڵҲûƴȫΪԼȡһȻȫתԼķͼӰʱ֮Ŀƣȫչֳ
һʩչʱԼΪĪӴ˿Ҳ΢ܵһӰ죬гһƸ۵ľȻҲԼꪳɳ׼
ľԪ鸡ĪӵͷɢһȦȦʸеɫâһϢĵϣͼʱʱ֮ɫĹâ
ϢĹâʩչ֮󣬵ȷٻЩôʱ֮ϵ⣬΢ܵһЩӰ죬ԭҪסӣᣬ׵ʱ䳤֮չ
ƵչĪϵϢøǿˣվ֮ϣԦӻ޾ŭΣʱ֮ȥľԪУ뵽֮УþӨ͸ˮȻҲɢɫĹâ
Ԫ«ʱ֮УĪӴʱֻľԪ飬ǿͼˣľˮľ֮ľԪǿͼ˵ܹġ
֮ˮԼʱ֮һĨɫһɾʿȻܹڴʱ˿΢һ㷴֮ķЩ˼ǳĲ˼飬Ҳûʲôá

ʱ̧֮һֵֻ֣ɫâ̺ʱϣ΢΢ķһЩ仯Ȼǰһָ
ӿȵˮʱ֮һָٴͣʱˡ
վ֮ϵĪӣҲоʱҪٴνԼ
ûбһν֮ǰĪӵǰһƣ֮Уһξɫâˮ˳ķɳ
ɫâ֮УɫΪҫۣɫһֳУɫеĸҫۡ
һССˮΣûܵɫâӰ죬ĪӵĶٶȷɿʱ֮ȥΪߵľ뱾ͺܽԼ˲估
һˮʱ֮ǰʱֻ̺ȫʱ֮ϣΪҲòӦԡ
ɫĹâǰһˮײһˮһɫâʱ֣֮ǿ·ܹһУʱҲһ˲Ȼʧɫ
ĪӸоһ̣Լµӣʱºԥٴδ߶ӣʱ֮ȥ
һʵֻɲ֮䣬ˮ֮󣬹ˮֱӽʱ֮û֮С
Ҳһ̣λߣͻȻ֮ܵһ˿ʱ䳤֮е
˲䣬ԭ취ֻرԴˣͻȻ·ʲô̽ĿͶ뵽ʱ䳤֮С


ڰ˰ʮ ץס
ʱ䳤֮УĪӸոռԦӣʱ֮ûɽţӣͻȻһɫĹâɫĹâ֮Уӳ׵ıסˡ
Īӱס֮ǰѾԤһĻԣڴ֮ǰѾʩչԼСͨʹԼδܵӰ죬СֵͨķΧ֮УĪѾ뵽еǿŲ֮ڣɾľ֮еʱ֮ѹȥ
ľ£֮кȴɫĹâסûа취䣬£һ̧
ʱ֮Ӱһ߳ͷϷĲľһ
õӣĲˣڣ·ɣ
Ļһ䣬ҫ۵ɫâַһЩı仯Īǿòľɫâҫ֮УʼӸãٵĸʧ
ĪӰֶǿòľٴ۳һˮʱ֮ȥ
ĪӹƣӦΨһܹвԷֶˣҲΨһܹӵֶˡ
ˮٴʱ֮ȻصӦԣĪǳᣬԼȫһ֮УƺҪһ㡣
ϧǣĪһ֮£ֻ΢Ļζһ£ûбһ飬ղŷһˮȴѾʱ֮ˡ
Īӿٵǰһӣһľɹ⣬ǰƲʵϣղŵĹ˵ҪСö࣬ƺĪѾǭ¿ˡ
ʱ֮ڿɲҪģɱĪӶѡ
ǰһģҫ۵۳һ޴ӡֱĪ˹ȥһ֮£ʱ·Ĵңڳֵһ̣ѾˣмĹȫʡԵˡ
ĪһθӦɫӡѾСͨϡ
һ֮£Ī˵һ룬ͬʱһʱĵϣڲϴݲ塣
ʱ֮״üͷ΢΢һ£ž׼ٲһƣɾƵһɲǣȴͻȻתͷһԼλá
ֻǸλãһ΢΢ڲıǹ̬εģѱ
Ī֮ǰõһɱ¾֮ǳʺڹؼʱƾ֣õĺõĻȫӵʤǿĪӺʹЩΪĶ֣̫ǿĹʹûʲôã̫ûбҪʹãóҲֻٰ֮ˡ
εıǹղûЧͣʱ֮ǰҵĵطͬʱ䶨޷
֣ǰǹУʱ֮΢΢ͽѵõɱ¾ɱֱΡ
֮ɱΪʱ֮񣬸ղЩɱ֮³Կͨʱ֮ôڵͲǡЩԿˡ
Ըһɣ£ôֽţҪǻĪгԿĻʱ֮ԼҲϺܹҲס
عʱ֮񿴵ֻʣһ룬ȴҵĹյĪӣٴκԥǰӳһ׼׵յĪӵ
쿪쿪ҿĪӸоѾԼͷĴǰգҪץסһʱ䳤ΧĿռ䣬ȴɷǳ̣޷롣
޷ΧĿռ䣬ĪӾӳһԪҲһ顣
ĪѾоʱͻȻ֮оԼǰĿռ䣬ڿʼɶˣͬʱ컯Ӵ٣׵ƿ˿ռ䣬ٵʱ䳤֮УĹ˲ͱסˡ
ĪԭѾȵ׵ģһ̣ȻһΪϲãѾƵϣҲɵ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
֪컯Ĺ٣ǾζԲˣζһڱץסˡ
Īھϲãʱ֮ͲǺܺˣ֪Լʧȥ˸ɵĪӵĻᣬڱ뿪ˡ
ԭļƻڻ㹻Լ֤ʱ䳤֮ˮ󣬾ͻ̽ĪӣȻٵ뿪Ī֮˷ѵʱȴ֮еҪ࣬ΪղŵսԼջǱλĴ߷ˡ
￪ʼķչѾļƻһҪλĴƤͲһ򵥵ˡ
֮ǰܹǵƤ²Ϊʱ䳤ԭʱ䳤֮ڣҪԼĺ˷ֵڱ׷ٵ£ȴûģܲô׵˦λߵߡ
ʲô˵ˣֻѣԪ«Ѿ֣ʱ䳤ӵˮΣҲѾ㹻ʹˣʱ֮ȴȵӹλߵ׷ɱҸȫĵطɾ컯֮һвܹת
ĪߣѾᣬͼֱӳʱ䳤ӣ³ڤ
ĪڲƵѾˣڳڤеʱĪݺݵĵ˵ϣڵҳһӡ
ּײĳ첻ʲôӰ죬ҲƼء
ڱҳĴУĪӲƶ΢΢ţƺڴڵĺֻʣ˰ŵϣһĨٺЦݡ
ڣˣĪ˵
˵֮Ϳʼתڵķʼָ
ΪԪ«ʱ֮УĪ޷ʩչˮ⣬ҪָԼϵƣֻʵʵİ취
ĵˮľ֮ٵĴˣǳа
ڷ£ĪӲƵ壬ڻĻָţٶȲǺܿ죬ҪΪ˵ģΪԶ߹ʱ֮˿ڴĵϣĪӽĥˣܹ޸
ĪڿӶ֮һоԼһָֻֻ֮ԼĴ֮Уȡһӣóһöҩ¡
һͥ麣ĪԭΪԼԶòⵤҩΪԼˣҲˮԼָЧ麣Ҫõö࣬£˵ҩԼˡ
һ麣ĪӺܿ͸о·һͻȻ֮ԼһˮɫĹâٵԼ
ϵߣĪķٵĥ˿֮вĵϣ޸ƣͬʱֳһԪˡ
ŵҩİĪ̾͸оƴΪ⣬ȻƳ׵ĻָҪһŬڷŵҩ֮Ī޸ˣҪжʱҲûдˡ
ǸӶ֮߳ĪɫԵЩ԰ףϵϢҲȣһأĪӲûмһȫĵطȥָԼƣǾվԭأ΢΢ı˫ۣ·ڸӦʲô
ĪΪԭһЩҪû˵֣жʱЩԥЩò׼Īӵ˵жء


ڰ˰ʮһ û
ĿվĪӸӦԼԪ«֮ϵ鱦ͺһˣ㵽ĪȻܹӦʱ֮С
ĪѾӳ죬ʱס뵽ĵһ£ǿܲܰԪ«Ū
鱦Īʵ̫ҪˣԪ«ĪԪһ֣ûԪ«ĪΪҲӰ죬Ԫȫ£ûа취Ϊߵġ
ѰԼԪ«ĸӦĪӿʼĿԪ«ʱ䳤֮
ʱ䳤֮еʱֻ֮оԼеԪ«ȻʼЩˣϵԼţҪ롣
ϣ
ܵʱ֮һĨ⣬к޺޵Ľôһ䣬ͬʱԼķԪ«ѹȥ
ţ컯Ĺֱӵͷ¡
Ԫ«Ȼ׵գͬʱȴᱩ¶ʱ֮λã͵ڸλһָܹ׼ȷʱ֮ҲĪӲΣգ͸ӦԪ«ٿ⡣
ĪӺƾԼҪûԪ«һܵ飬λߣ컯׷ɱʱ֮ԼֻҪṩһ׼ȷĶλ˵ʱ֮ͻᱻɵԼԪ«Ҳܹû
ʱ䳤ڣʱ֮˿ѾЩǱˣԼϵ⣬ȫѹԪ«Сĵسʱ䳤ڣϣܹλߵ׷ɱ
ڸղһ֮£ʵѾˣƾһǿʵʱ䳤ӵƣǳ˹ҳûû뵽ʱ䳤Уܺõ
Լʱ䳤֮еʱ֮ǳģΨһıеԪ«ˡ
ڲʩչ̫ǿֱӸԪ«һӡֻķѹƣҲ޷ʱʱ䳤֧֮УȡһЩĪӵ߶Ԫ«ʱ䳤ӵˮΣ޷׵ȡ
ϾĪ֮ϵ̫ˣĪӲ˺ʹ
ڤ֮бĿӦĪӣԸоԪ«Լ֮ϵ÷ǳ΢ˣʹԪ«ʱ֮ѹˡ
ֽĪӵ֮УƾǷǳ΢ϵĪȻûзԪ«ŪһĶҲá
ĪӵŬȷһЩЧѾʱ䳤֮еʱ֮λһα¶ˣһΣûôã컯Ĺ֮£ıԵ
ʱ֮û˿оһŨŨĲʡ
ѾõԼҪĶֻҪһʱ䣬ܹ컯磬Ϊ컯档
ͷȴ޷ȡôһʱ䣬Ѿõеĳɵ֮ڵһŴڱ¶λá
컯Ĺ£ʱֻ֮ƴȫĵֿڽʱ䳤ӵһЩ£ܱ֤ԼеԪ«ȴ컯Ĺ֮£б䡣
ѾԼƿصԪ«ʱ֮дŲ֮ɫֻܷΪ֪ҪסԪ«ĻĿܻὫԼ͡
֮ƣʱȱȫȵƻָ֮µ취ɡ
ֻҪʱ䳤ӵˮΣܹɾ컯棬ǲ֮޷
ţʵ
ĪӼĿӦţߣʱѾλǿߣ֮ǰһýλɡ
ڲĪӵ֮󣬾;ϹûдĪӣֻվĪӵ󣬿ĪӦվһԱĪӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ī˫͵Ȼ֣һ̣Ȼ֮з·ץʲôֻһ˲䣬ǼʧˣߵλɶֻЩģĿǼƺһ«
ԼĶʧãĪһеȻǳϲãҲЦݣֻһ̣ĪЦݾʧˣüͷ̲סһ¡
ΪĪӷ֣ԼȻûԪ«ʱ֮ȴԪ«ϣһʱ֮Ȼ㲻ǷӡЧʵҲ࣬ԼҪԪ«ĻȽһʱ֮Ƶ÷Щ
ûˣʣµľֻǷһЩѣĪеǰ취Ҳ̫⡣
תԼԵλɣĪӶǹһȻ󿪿ڸллλǰΪһ¸м
ĪѿҵһͬǰѸղգҵҲδܰæֻڵػƬ̶ѣõһл֣һλ΢Цſ˵
Ī˴˵ĵطȥظȻ̸ɣһλɽſ˵
Īԣ˵ͷȷ˵ĵطǾͺһûռ֮Уٴ˵ظ
ص˵ظ֮Ī˼򵥵˵һղŵľ֪ĪӸղžȻǱʱ֮ץʱ䳤֮У˾ͺĪӳֵʱΪϵ˿ȥôأͬʱҲ֪ĪϵƣɺأҪڶʱָǺѵ顣
ĪˣӦƣ˴ĻҵȲõĽԭԲɣĪˣ͸ӲòˣҵȼڤƺҲôĪԼ˵֮ʣµλǿУ˿˵
Ƿǰæģȴƺﲻʲôæý飬ֻùѣĪˣǾ͸ܼĲˡ
λж˼Ļǲýµ⵽ʲôܾܲһЩùɣ
£ǵĻǷǳȫģλЩɻ󣬲ȥظˣѯһ£ǷĽĪӳ˵
˵֮λɾͶ˵ͷȻĪ˵ȥҵظʣĻǷʲôš
ΪĪһԱҪЩʱϽƣǲýЩʲô飬ĪȻ޷ˣʣµԼ
λ뿪ĪӾͿʼԼϵơһ˵÷ǳأȻѾָˣΪȴʧһ֣ȥʮŬһʧ˴롣
ԪҲأ˿ڴĵϣûб׵ĥҪָĻһ鷳¡
ȻԪ«ܹʹõĻĪϵ˾ûô鷳ˣˮóĪϵ˻ϾܹˣòԼ鷳Ļָ
ԣҪָƣ򵥵ķȽһԪ«ϵһʱ֮ʹԪ«ܹٵĻָơ


ڰ˰ʮ ɹ
Ī߿ʼָֻԼƣһߵλɣںĪӷֿ֮󣬾ͰĪ˵ظ֮еϵ
ûãλɾ뿪˵ظȻٴȥýˡ
ôǴӵظ˿У֪һЩʲôϢԲŲϧȥù
һҲѲµĸ֣ڤͥߵĸ֣һҲ˳ֵĿƣûиҾ
ЩĪӲ֪æŽԪ«ϵһʱ֮
ʵĪӾǲһʱ֮ҲʧģΪԪ«ڻ仯ʱ䳤ӵˮΣҲò˶ãܽĸɾ
ĪȴȲԪ«Щ뾡ԼƻָԪˣҪ޸
һʹָһۣʱԼΪĪӸоĴۺЧȫЩȵġ
ʧһΪԪҲܵһЩˣɵʱսȴû֮ô
Ī֪˽ɾ֮ЧͻĴۿۣʩչĴ۲ήͣһˡ
Ҳڹؼʱܹȡôһպ뵽˾ĪԼʩչˡ
ǵµĵӣʱһЩΣգеʱ򣬴ΣյתΣΪҪĿܽһ֮˵пȡ֮ġ
ȵȥ֮Ͼ֮࣬ĪӵǿԿһ£һŴ۲ܹµĵӣڹؼʱƴһҲΪǶһֶΡ
ڷУĪ˵ϣȫɫĹâ֣Ԫ֮УԪ«΢΢תţһʱ֮ڱԴԴϵĥ
ֻУĪӶٻоһЩԪʹָտʼĸо
ڲĥʱ֮ĹУĪҲ˸Ԫ«һʱ֮ķǳ⣬Ȼʱ֮
ĥĹ֮УĪԼҲڽŶԷĵһִʱ֮ȫʱ֮һأ֮ϡ
ĪӿʼĶʱ֮ĵһЩµ˽⡣
ʱ֮һУ֮ʼʱתһ̣֮һ˥仯Ҳȫʱ֮ڣص˥Σʱʼȴǲģػ飬ʱĳҲɴڣһм¼Уһֱܲڵʱ価ͷ
Īϸţѧϰ˶ԼõĶҪʱ֮򣬵ͨԷʱ֮ԼĵΪԱȣ͸Լպˡ
ӽɾڣһֱߵľ磬һõϵḷ̌ԼĵһҲԼĵ·øʡ
ĪھḶ́һԼĵӶԼܹߵľ硣
ڳɾʹߵľ֮ڴ컯ص㻹֮Ҫ֮һϰθߣθߵһĳ̶ȡ
Īʱ֮ĵ֮У򵽵Ķ֪ԼǷȫȷҲġ
֪˶ãĪԪУڲתԪ«ֹͣתɢһ⻪ţĪϵɫĹâȡ֮һˮɫˮϡ
ˮ£ĪϵˣٵĺתţԪƣҲڿٵĺת
˿һЩϣˮ£ٵı߽ĥ
һˮ֮ĪӸоԼڵƣָĲˣ˫ۡ
˫֮Īӣһ߸ԼѾָĲƣһ߿֮Ϊ컯
仰ͬʱĪͻȻһԼ֮Ѿˣͻ컯Ĺؼʲôˡ
Ȼ򻹲ǷǳʣѾԼĲ룬ȵԺлʱĪܻ׵ġ
վĪ߳⣬ŵظæµľĪĿҴһ¡
ѹ֮ĪӾͷλɣѾڵظˣظ֮УһлԼ֮ǰԵɵġ
ĪԼʱ䳤֮пһĻ͹ʣ˴˿ǲ֪ĵطսҪһ˶ϣֻǲ֪ⳡսվҪ೤ʱ䡣
⣬ĪӺ֪ʱ֮ôˣ֪λߣǲȻ׷ʱ֮һٱԷӵǾֻ˵ƾλߵʵǲɱʱ֮
ĪһţŲѾţǰţû߶ãĪӾͿһԼȻǸоԼˣԷġ
Ī㿴ƻָĲǿϲɺأ
ĪˣǨߵĪӵ֮󣬾Ц˵
ĪԣĿ⿴ϲûʲô飬ֻƽĿ˵лл޵ѹģصҵİɣʲôҪ˵
ĪˣǨڵʵҲûʲô飬ǹڲý£֮ǰĪҪչˣλһЩûüĪѣ֪ĪǷȤ
޵뽲ɣڵıҲеܺ棡Īԣ΢΢ĵͷ˵
֮ǰùһĽãĪӵȷܺĿģԼһЩܣʵжٳ룬ǵǨ˵˵
ǨĪӵĻ֮Ŀֱµ棬ͬʱ˵ڲý𲢲ùȷԵظҪҲҪܣ䲼óɹġ
֮ǰû˵ģǿҪԼǣģʵֻǣһЩˣͬҲ飡
Ǩ˵ĪԺоѾ뵽˺ܶࡣǳҪĻԼ֮ǰãЩùӦþͲȫõġ
ȻõĽд붼ƻˣһ֣ȴʼնûбƻģÿһαƻĽ˵ԽԽģӦҲһá
УֻԼ˲ãͬ벼ýֻ˭𰸷ǳԣǵһʳʱڣЩ顣
ĪӿһֱûˣЩ֮дڸв̫ǿȴʼմڵ飬ոճΪʱ򣬸֮ûʲôˡ
񣬵ⳡ֮ĻĹؼʱڣЩһʳʹڵ飬ҲʱٰһѣΪⳡ֮ʤߡ
λѣӦѾõòˣĸ֣ڤͥĸ֣Ҳʱ֣ԣӦóɹˣ
Ǩ仰˵ڤ֮ϣͻȻһƬ⣬ͬһſĴڤհˡ
ĪӿһĻֻ̾һ˼ֶΣ


ڰ˰ʮ ʧ
Ŵſ֮ǰĪӵ˲õĽѾĲóɹˣҿʼתˡ
ʣɹĹؼڵһʳЩϡ
ĪӵΪ۽磬ڴҲܹµЩ鵽õʲôķ˲佫óɹģ޷ǾƻľֶΡ
Īӵ֮ǰѾɵĲΪֱӽѾ׼õ֣һ˲ƴȥǵĿģʹýóɹˡ
˵ףȴǳļѣҪϸıղпܳɹ׼õĽܻҪõʱֶͣΣרŽ䱣浽ڡ
ƴһĸҲҪ֤ĸ֣ȽƻҪĪӵ֮ǰЩùԡ
ô˵ЩǲóɹˣЧӦúܿͻʱ꣬ڤ֮󣬾ͻֱӱ͵ظߣظȨҲ᳹׵ת
ǲóɹˣα֤ƻһ㻹һ⡣
ĪѾоںϢѾΧڶλΨһߣʱҲòˡ
ĪӽĿ⿴Ǩһ̣Ǩȴû˿ĵ֮ɫȫںĳ֣֪ںĳ֣ظߣӦӦԵĴʩ
ȻϢո𣬽ţǿϢźӭȥÿһϢΪ綼ֻڶƷѣȴӭ˴߾ĺ
Ѿȷ˺ƻûȫָĪӶǨ˵
һʳļλ飬ȥӲһλߣ΢ЩĪӵϣĪҲеԵɣӦǺƻûлָǲŻʱԿ
⣬⼸λӵһʳʱڴ飬ȫǻ۷ǳģ֮ͬУǿߣҲֳܹǶԼġ
Ҳʵ˿ãǱܹһλ߰æǾԲ⼸λðգԽɾΪԿߣ㼸λҲЩðգǨҲתͷĪӣ΢΢̾һ֮ƺЩ̣˵ʱĿȴʼĪӵϡ
仰˼˵ЩޣĪȷʵˣϣԼҲܹ룬ĻǼλһʳʱڵ飬ҲܹȫһЩϾĪӵʵǿѾǹϵˡ
ǨҲЩ׼Īϵ˵ûȫָĻֱ̫˵ֻίı
ĪӸӦżϢײȻ춼ûд𻰣֣Ǳ߻òԼλĺȻأͼλһʳĶƷ飬ʱƾУûռʲôˡ
ǨĪû˵Ҳûټڣ˵ĻѾ˵ˣٶĪ˵ʲôǾԵЩˣпܻĪӵķС
ҲоˣʱԼȶѾóɹĽҲһʱԱƻֻҪܹסǾûʲôˡ
ĪѣʧˣѾóɹˣҵȥûȥ걻һصˣǨ˵仰֮󣬶Īһ񣬾ת뿪ˡ
ȻŸողóɹ֮ÿʱÿ̶ϲķԣ˵Ѿ꣬ͨ˵ظ֮С
Ǩ뿪֮ĪҲûڵظ֮пֵ˼֮䣬߳˵ظķΧϢڤУΪҵĵط
Χ߿գڱλĶƷΧ˫ս÷ǳңΧĿռѾƬƬ飬ֵĹ򣬱һƬң״ǳա
ĪӸһξ۲һɵҡҡͷһȻ
ȷΪһλߣ֮ĹؼʱڣӦ֮£ΪҲܴ󣬼ˣҲܺͼƷս˫ȻƾС
ĳֻ˵Ѿʧⳡ֮ѾʲôϣˣһսʱҲͬһûнʵȫӳ
仰˵ִƾе״̬ҲмΪ֮ԭ
˺״̬Ī֪ԼûбҪˣΪûж˼ƻ
ڤͥߵļλƷ飬ҲûƻϾмλɶǣʣµĸ֣Ҳ֪Ϊʲôʱѹûг֡
ȶĪҲֵһԿ֣˸ոջֳָ֣ңܶ飬վԹߵĽǶȣܹʡ
ͱ˵ĪѾеսԽԽˣǲȥˡ
ʵҲȷˣ弸λƷΧ£˿̵ȷѾû˶ս⣬һλߵݣͼƷôã˵ʵһȽϱ顣
ֻԴһα֮ۼ֤ĲѾףⳡ֮УʵѾˣܹһҲλΪ֮
һʱƣϵȻûȫָ˶Ѿû̫ˣȻ϶ӲԭʵԸλƷ飬ôѡ
ֻǣ֮ѾˣҲûбҪôˣļλƷսֻΪǺ߶ѣӦʱվ
˵վǷҪƻһҲ޹ؽҪֻǱԼһ̬ȶѡ
̬ҲѾˣҲѾԼδԷӲģҲʱսˡ
ĪӿںͼλƷսĺȻ֮䱬һȦˮɫĹâеһ˳ꪣ͵ΧһȦһȦԲεϸ
һ֮£ǼλƷ飬ͬʹõɱȫɨɳȥ
ֻһ֮󣬺ĶͻȻһͣˮɫĹâ˲ͱЩˣгꪵֻ֣ƺĲš
ţϵϢȻЩʵĿڵ
δӲʵһսҴϷ壬ĽվЩ̫²óɹˣҲ޷ã
˵仰ЩΡΡǰ̤һȻ󣬿һ۸ղźսļλƷ飬תֱ뵽ռ֮Уת뿪ˡ
һĻĪӲɵҡҡͷʧȷûս⣬Էı֣ЩҪȫԼ棬ⲻֻ֪ӵԼӶѡ
ĪӣղźսǼλĶƷ飬ԺȥҲǳ⣬ҲĸоսʱԭΪԿһλߣһλߣʧܵľǣɺȻôһǳΪʤߡ
⺣Ϊܹ˵ظĽģǣڤͥļλƷ飬ʧĺɵЩݺݵ˵֪źʧƾҪƻ˲ˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ʤ
ź뿪ҪƻˣһȫʧˣѾóɹĽ͹ڤĸ߿գʼã꣬ϵ͵ظ
Īվڤ֮еǿŲǳϣĿ⸩·ڤءһƺǽˣڤһȥȴһƬİ
óɹѾʱˣʱ䣬ĪӾ۲ţͬʱҲڵȴš
ͨʱĹ۲죬ĪӿظķڲϵıǿҲˣһЩ꣬ӵظ֮ͳڤط
ЩǾظ֮ȷϲûֻ֮꣬ǰͰڤ֮ˡ
Īȴģǹʺ˵Ļع飬սҲѾ˼ʱˣڹƻûзֳʤӦѾˡ
֮еһʤߣĪӾˣʮа˾ŻΪĵظڹȥļʱ֮У׿ʼתȨ֮֮ҲٽΪ
Īʱ䳤֮пĹʻƾУͨ⼸ظȨת֮󣬸ȥİӦѾȡѹԵƣбʤƽ
ȴʱ䣬̫ܲˣʤƽб֮սʤӦҲܿķֳ
ĪվĿתؿ·ֹ˴Լҵʱ䣬Ī̧ͷĿߴա
һɫĹӸ߿֮д£ڤ֮еһǸڤͥķ
һ˲䣬ĪӲɵһΪԼ´ˣʤˣȻǹʣ
һ׹ʱĪвԵһһλģˡ
һսĪѾֻһ˻׼û뵽ȴ˶ˣЩ⡣
ĸ߲˵һõĽְɣһʤˣλߣûʧһ
ŲǰһĪӰ˲ʧһ˵ظֱѭϢȥ
͹ʣһǰһĻֱӻص˸ԵĵطⳡսյʤߵλĪӻ֪أ𰸣ڶ֪
Īʱ˶ڣµߣλɣԼӵһʳǼλ飬ڶҲȲ֪𰸡
ĪӵʱĿպɨȻڳ˿ڵ˴ζлλ빴һսܹսʤ֮
֪ʲôԿڵĵһ仰ֱӰѴĵϢ˴ҡ
仰˵꣬ڳ˵ϣȫЦݣλɣҲ΢΢¶Цݡ
󣬼˶ϲϲĻʣ컯
͹һսʤɨƽ컯ǰеϰǿʲôʱܹɾ컯ˡ
ĪվȺУҲŵЦݣĳɹϢ˵Ҳģʼգⳡ֮У˶֮ǰЩףҲܿܶˡ
ڳ˺˼䣬ȻܿͽˣֻĪӣڼҪߵʱ򣬱ס
˶뿪֮ĪһĪʵ֪¸ղΪҪס㣿
ʾĪ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵治֪ʱסԼ
ԣҲûкĪӴյȤһбóһǰϣĪӵķ˹
ĪӶһóĶһ鲻̫Ľɫʯ飬滹¼һЩ֣ɢŨ
ĪжʱһȻڵǣ챮ĲƬ
˵ͷ
Թ¶аܹнգ㹦û챮ĲƬµӶԣӦЩõģͽˣҲǹ¶ĸл
Īӵ˵꣬û˿ԥĽ챮ĲƬվһ
лȷҪģͺˣ
챮УǵĶԭǳҪûģһ֣ĪҲ飬ֱ¾ǡ
ͨ챮ĲƬҲԿĹʵһսжôĲң챮ˣȻĪеƬֻ챮ϵһС֡
ÿ챮ĲƬǶĸл֮⣬Ҳ΢Щ˽ĵģҲܹףĪӽ챮ĲƬ˵
𲻹к˽ģܹҪģлĻҲĵģĪ֮Գ˵
ЦЦûټ⣬ǻһתֱӽ˱𴦣΢΢̾Ϣһ˵
´˴κ͹һսʤ֮ףǹ¶˼׼ʤߣδǹ£
ȻˣӮҲɣҲЩˣҪɾ컯֮΢Щʱգȹϵ˻ָ
˵˫ֱĪӵ˫ۣĶĪ˵㻹ǵù֮ǰѯͻ컯Ĺؼ𣿡
ȻǵãĪӵͷش
񳹵׵ˣ׺Ϊ컯Ļû֮Ϊ컯ȵ֮룬Ȼܹͻ컯֮
סһ㣬ǧҪƫˣᶨ֮򣬵㵽˴߾Բ֮Ӧˣ
ʸ񴥼컯֮ˣһ޵ˣҪѷһĺ֮Уʸ񣬲Ҫùʧ
һϯ˵꣬վĪӵļȻ;ֱȥ֮䣬ֱ߳˷š
Īվ΢΢һҲ΢Щӡ
ļ仰Լ˵Ѿһˣ֮ҲܿԼԼʸʶ컯
ĪӶĸйֻ˵һ㣬ҲΪļ仰ı䣬ֻ㣬ĪԺɾ컯ʱ򣬿ܻЩҲֵԷһ
йһ֮ĪҲû˼ڤıҪˣҲ߳˷䡣
Ī̧ͷһ۸߿մһſĴһĽȴš
λʱַ֮ǳ˵λߵˣ
ʱȥˣ֮ûз˵ʱ֮񻹻ţܹô컹ţλߣһνԷ׷ˡ
Ȼ΢ЩʧĪҲ֪ʱ֮񣬿ҪúõĹһʱˡ
뵽һ㣬ĪӾ;ãԼҲûбҪ̫ģΪȵԷһγֵʱ򣬺пԼΪѾ̤뵽˴ߵĲΣǸʱ򣬼ʱ֮ĪҲ̫ηˣûл֮
һĻĪӾʱ֮ҲԼһܹ˶ϵĻᣬһʱ֮ǾԼֻ֮ʱˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ڶʮŵ
ĴҲˣһΣĪӦʧΪԵģȥһ֮ԼΪһ֣ȥʮŬһָˮˡ
ȻֲظߣףĪԼ鷳ʧһΪڵʱ£ҲǺȷѡ
ĪӻصԼĵ֮󣬾ͿʼĻظԼΪȻʧһΪҲһЩ򣬽ԼʧΪһѵ顣
ĪӵĵУһνĪӿʼԽ̵һЩ֮Ķ֮ǰҪȥڤֻΪ̵֣֮ѧϰĽȻûΪԼڶ͵
ĪԽ̵ڣҲһţȻĪӽ̵ĶѾѧϰˣһ飬ǻĪҲΪһһţĽϸһЩ
콲Ԫ顷еһַģգĽȼ½вݣΪʦ֮˾ĪӶǰ˵
˵֮ĪӾͿʼĿγ̣Ҫչڡ
Ǻڶú棬ĪӽĹУ۾ţȵĪӽ֮˸һЩ⣬Ľ̵ͽˡ
ȵ½ھ̴յĪӵߣƤЦĶĪ˵ʦ˼ʲôʱȥͥɣ֮ôʱˣһֱʹڵûеطȥʶһأ
ĪӿһۣҪȥͥʲôʱΪͻһ㣬ﵽɾڣΪʦʹȥڣʱڵʵʵ
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Īô˵ϵЦһȻҡҡͷߵһԼȥˡ
ĪӸղ˵ĿƺڿЦǻ˼ڲжٿЦĳɷ֡
ӱЩѣʲǣĪӸڶĿ꣬˵Ҫ͵öࡣ
ֻΪͻ֮󣬾Ϳ뿪ˣ׼˵ǱȽ״ﵽϾɹֵʱʵ˻ۣΪͻͽʱΪﵽɾڣò˶ꡣ
ʵʵİֵúʮʱ䣬ĪӾûЩģҲҪ̫ߡ
뿪֮Ҳ׼뿪ȥȴĪӽסˡ
һĪóǿ챮ĲƬ佻ǣͬʱ˵
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ֽӹĪӵݹĽɫƬֵһ˲䣬͸о챮ĲƬһԼϵϵѾ÷ǳ΢ˡ
ǵͷϸƬԺ֮в֪뵽ʲôƬ֮ŶĪһ˵
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챮ƬĪ⼸Ҳоһ£ȻֻһƬƬû̫ôҲĶ
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ǺڿʼԵ֮ĪҲʼԼ
صЩӣʧһΪָķǳĿ٣ĿǰΪֹⲿΪѾָһС֣ȥʮ۵ʱٶҪһЩ
ڻָⲿΪͬʱĪҲһԼĵԼľ磬ϵŴ߽ӽ
ڵ֮еһĪóԪ«µһʱ䳤ӵˮε˳Ȼԥľͽʹˡ
һʱ䳤ӵˮε£Īӽʱ䱻ˣܹиӳʱ
ӻصԼĵ֮Ԫ«еʱ䳤ˮΣĪӾȫûԼ֮ǰʹ÷ʽŵʱ䳤ӵˮΣٵһգԲʱ֮ᡣ
ڿʼ֮ĪתԼĹһϣɫĹâת
֮ǰȣĪӴʱϵĵϣѾһЩϸ΢ı仯
Ī֮ĸûиı䣬һֶѾ޳˳ȥĪ֮øӴˣ֮ľЧ
Ī֮ǰķ֮ռ֮ȵȣصĸˣ߱ĵϱ޳ˡ
޳Щ֮ĹУĪڵ򣬲û˶ͣΪ־øӾˡ
ĪӸоԼһߵһµĽ׶Σ֮ǰѰҷ򣬺ڰѰǰĵ·ǰĵ·ֱøˣҪǰߣѾǼ·ˣҪԼٵ·ˡ
׶Σ͵ɽɽˮŵʱҪǼǰߣû·üǰ
֮·Ϊѵһ·ˣΪǰû·ֻԼԼĵ·Ǻߵһ·Ѿڤڤ֮еĴƺѾĿܼ꣬߼ȥ
ĪϵĵϲתţԼĵԪ֮еԪ«ҲܵһЩ΢΢ɢһЩâ
Ԫ«֮УݻĵڶʮŵڷɿγţΪһ
̽еú˳һлˮɣֻǽĪӴʱ֮һӶٵݻ
ʵϣܹ֮ٶôݻҪΪĪ֮ǰý⼸о챮ĲƬԪ«ƵİڴʱΡ
ĳΣĪӵϣڶ͸¶һ֮ĵϣĪӣڷתٶȣ˲ķʼٵ
Ȼ̳ʱ䲢̫֮УĪ֮ǰĵǲΪȻָ
˫ۣĪ͸ɫĹâԼΪĻָɵ¶һĨЦݡ
û뵽ڶʮŵȻķʧΪȫָʡȥһʱ䡣
Լ̯Ԫ«ģĪӿеԪ«ɵ˵պҳɾ컯Ĺؼһİ
ɾ컯磬һסĸ֣ǿȶĴߣҲٳûпһ
Īڶͻ컯磬ѾЩ룬ͬʱҲһԤУԼͻ컯ĹؼһĻԪ«ϣ


ڰ˰ʮ ̫
ƺһصľ£ҲǷǳ˵ĵطԶһƬۼľۣͽ̽ĻҲϣ˾̽
֮İãƲ֮̽Ѱſܴڵϡ
ĪӵΧƲ㣬ԭȾ̽ǣѾڡ
Ȼϲǣò˵Ҫ˵ϣĪӺ˼һܹȵڡ
Դʼƺ֮̽ջ񵽵ĸɲģν൱Ŀɹۣÿһνƺֶ̽飬ĪɣǲΧɲģȫڸѹθɾˡ
ԼıԵĪӿŸոմƺ֮зɳڣϵЦݣĪӾ֪ڹƽջ
ʦӸղŴƺ֮УҵһɲģĪӵߣҪױ
Īֻתͷһۣû׼óĶֱӱ㿪˵򣬻Ǽúɣаʱ䣬㻹ͻɾڵĻΪʦͽĽ㣡
Ī仰˵꣬ڶһ٣ϵЦҲӲһ£ܿͻָˡ
⼸ΪٶҲɾڣҲ̫Զˣҵʱ䣬˵๻ˡ
ĪӸʱ䲻ôԭ⼸꣬ڻûô͵ȷںúΪͻƵʱ䣬ҪǳһЩһҲûа취飬ϾҲڴΪٶܹ׷ǡ
ȥˣҴʦ˼ҵˣڹĪһȻŵȥ
ĪҲûжĿ·ޱƺһ裬ôĿţַ·ڵȴʲô
͹һս֮Ѿйȥ˰ʱ䣬һսյĽϢҲЩ괫ˣҶ֪һսʤȻ˶ڴţʲôʱɾ컯
ĪҲһֱڵȴһ죬֮ĸӦɾ컯ʱܾڽ죬ĪӲŻڽ죬ԼԵȴ
еһѾҪˣޱƺľͷ̫߶ҲڽĽͣʱۿѾˣȴһ㶯ûС
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Ϊһ̣ĪȻ֮оصĹתһ˲òͬˡ
ޱߵƺ·һ̱ðˣεҲֹͣ˷ڣѾµ̫âȻҫۣȴ·𱻶ȥɫʣƺûôĿˡ
ĪӵĵڣǺˣǵĶƺҲһЩƺоЩĿ⿴Լ˫֣ȻִԼΧѰŵﲻԣƺȫûвֻԹԵԼ顣
һеı仯ƺϢģ˶ûвֻЩɾϵǿߣһֵɣڴ˿̲һЩԡ
ܿ죬˷ֱ仯ƺعҪ̽ʱع֮Уƺַϸ΢ı仯һεı仯һʯӵƽĺ棬׵Ĵһеƽ
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ĪӣһҲоԼһӴϢѹ£ĪҲо˼ѹѹĳܷΧ֮С
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ţһƬҫ۵Ľɫ⣬ͻȻ֮Ƭأͷ·̫ǵԱߣ³һŽɫ̫âǹһ̵̫ǣе鶼ԡڽɫ֮ڡ
ɫϣĪӸо̺һޱȵϣͬʱҲ֮µĴȱһ纣ĸо
ͻأ֮ܿܿ纣֮컯Ǭڣ컯̫
һϵ·ĵÿһ˶Ҳݡ
ЩΪһЩģɾϵ飬һ̿һϵӰ·վع֮Уһ˫ɫͫףڸ֮ܿܿ
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֮˶ˣһֵ̳ɾ컯
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⣬ˣ
ĪһҲоĺͻȻ֮ʧһֽɫ̫оЩŤ
ôǳɾ컯ֻôһ𣿲컨׹ӿȪ֮ǲǶԵöЩСˣֳ컯ǿߵĸ
ʱ䣬ֻôһСֻôʶɵȻһоͽˡ
ĪԭվƬ̣ȷûˣųһ
ðɣֻ֮࣬Ǳѣ˿İˣֻҪɾ컯ûȫ޹ؽҪֻպĻʣҪΪ̫ˣĪ
ĪиոͷеǺھ˹Ҳ˸ղŵͬҲȻһʱĪˡ
ʦղĻʳɾ컯𣿡ڿĪʵϵı飬ĪӾ֪һʲôҲΪղųֵ󣬸оЩ£֪ɵˣ̲סĪʵ
Īԣص˵ͷת˵ֶһλ컯棬ĻʣҪΪ̫棬ʧ֮
ںĪӵĻȫ˵ͷֻڵͷ֮ڻСһ䡣
Ļʳɾ컯Щ
ĪڵС죬ûпڣֻĿ⿴ŻָƽƺƬ֮󣬾ת߻˵
ڴ˿ͬһʱ䣬֮飬˶ݵĳĬ֮󣬽ȫ
˷صֶһλ컯棬һλɾ컯ǿߡ
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ʳĿ֮Ϊڶλ컯棬ݣʳպͳλͻϺѺˡ
컯濪ĻʳȫԴͳһ͵ʳϵ̫õ̫һڣպ͵ʳĹϵҲһͣʳ˵ȫһĺ¡
ʳ񶼣վһ֮УŹǽϵһһĸһ£ĿĻϡ
ֽժУϸĿŻϵˣȻ΢΢һĨЦݣǿģЩŪЩζ
ʣڵóԸˣ˵
仰˵֮ϵЦһЩȻĿƿ־ŻᣬȻߵĽ䣬嵽һֻ֮С


ڰ˰ʮ ì̬
ɵһ֮ôͻȻĻ֮䣬Ӵֶһλ컯档
ɵ֮ʱȻ˾Щ䲻컯ĸȴһλʵ컯棬ɵӰ죬˵ǷǳĴġ
ȣսΪɵԵʣһֹͣߣ󳷳˴εľ룬Χó൱ɹ۵
һλ컯£ԲԸʱ򣬺屬κγͻʱڽڱƽҲһѡ̡
ڲɾ컯Ӱ죬ͬҲڲϷš
ϵĻʳڳᣬʵʳͳλĵۣУҲ˽ȥй컯棬İ˸
Щ仯ڲϵķţҪһʱ䣬Ͼô嵮ĵڶλ컯档
֣ĪӵĵУԵ÷ǳƽˣһλ컯棬ƺûжĪӵɶӰ죬Ҳûиоһλ컯֮󣬸ǵʲôͬ
ʵҪ˵ͬĻٻһЩģͱ˵ɵ֮عƺϸ΢ĵԭع򣬱øƺ͸ˡ
һ㣬ɾϵʿѾܹˣɾ磬ǲøԡ
һ˵ĻɵƺشһЩӰ죬һٽعơ
ʦĻʳɵӦвٵĸҪǰȥףأ˼ǲҲ߶һ£ĪӵĵУڽ˽֮󣬾ʹյĪӵߣСĪ˵
Īתͷһۣһ΢Щڴģ֪ʲôˡ
ҲΪܵɵӰ죬⼸ΪٶȺܿ죬ԭԤڰΪͻƵɾڣȴ⼸ٵͻˡ
ΪﵽɾڣھͲҪһֱڵˣȥͥתתˣͻɾ֮ȥͥȻɵ֮ǰȥص˼
һλ컯棬ѵһģٹ̫λ棬֮䣬ɾ컯ˡ
ͲˣǰȥףصЩˣȥ֮Ҳǰһˣ컯棬ôܹģĪӿڣϵЩڴ֮ɫֱӿ˵
ɾ컯ĪҲҪҪǰȥףһ£ͷԺֻ΢΢תһ£ĪӾͽͷˡ
ӵظ֮ǰӴʱ򣬶Է˵˼ͺһθ
뵽֮ĸλ컯棬ûκһλƽʱǰǳɾ컯֮ӦҲôټˣǰȥףأֻܴǰһˡ
Īô˵΢ЩڴıһգҲֱһת˵ʦӵΪѾͻƵɾڣ֮ǰ˵ȵΪﵽɾ֮󣬾ȥͥתתˣ
ȥʦǰɣһȥһ·Ҳ·˳ʶһЩˣĪӶ˵
֮ǰӦõģڼȻΪѾﵽˣȥתתҲãڵԸ񣬾ͲܹһطúñչӣʵôãҲʱȥŸˡ
лʦȥʦ֣ĪӵĻ˫һȻһ񣬾ȥˡ
ĪʦȥͥھãʦǴȥãһ·ϾͿߣݷһЩͬ˵·ϻʲô
ǣھȲĳˣ֮Ϻ󣬳ǿ֮мһЩ󣬻еΧ֮⣬ĵطڻûкúõļʶȻȲҪʶһ¡
ʱʣĪһˣ¾ͱñƽʱ˲٣ڵ֮СһҲСռв̫ˡ
ĪҲֵ徲죬һ߽еһͨԼʶڴϵһԼͬһͨķһʵʵ֮
Īһ߷Щ֮Եı仯߷Ƥôֲ˲٣Ҳ˲٣˵ʿӺˣȫһũҺӵģ俴Ҳ˵ˡ
ڰĪӺ߷һ𣬹ĻԲһˣòʶѾԵ
ЩȥĪɽ򸾿ԵøӲˣϳ֮⣬ҲЩ˰ߣֻǶϵӹȻӲʣƽʱ·£ҲͨһΡΡģֻ½Ƚԡ
״̬һֱȥڶϵԪߵͷǰǻʼձ޲ֵ״̬޷Ȼ½һԱġ
æµһϵĪӣֲ˲ͷϵĺˮ̧ͷһͷ̫ͷתżеķȥ
һȵʱҲӦó緹ʱĸڼѾ˷ʳڵȥأ
Ī߽ţϰԵĽϵĳͷǽߣȻߵԺһǣ΢ϴȥϵȻܿ˷ϡ
ĸ׽Ѿ׼õķʳ˳ĪɽҲѾϣںĪ˵
˵ݣһЩҳ̵飬ݻû뿪Χӣ˵Щسǵݡ
ȵ극֮ϢһĪֿ˳ͷţǰ˰ڵʱתؼҡ
Īºӹ壬ɹķǳͨһ죬߷˵Ѿϰˡ
ÿһ߷÷ǳ棬ܶЩݣѾĲˣǷרעȴûʱĪӸеᷳΪʱ䣬רעˡ
ҹĻĽ٣Īջ˷߷ϵעʼԼһŽɾڵĻۡ
ջ֮ºӹļУĪɽȴûͬһ˯£ڴСĽ̸ţĽ̸һʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ЩĪ飬Īɽ˵ĵȻǷǳĵģĪͬһׯںһı֣ǾãԼӣƺûϹ֮·ԭһֱ˵ߣͬ汲һ
ʱ䳤ˣǶԼӵˣֻжŮĸо
ǣһվƭԼĳɵĪɽ򸾣ҲʶһֱߵĴӣһλˡ
ͬһͨũһ˵ߣվǸũ򣬶ǸӦø߸ϵˡ
ĪɽЩᣬǾЩ꣬ΪԼĪӣһ߸ϵˣСɽ֮Уߵũ
ŮТģܹǵߣȻǿĵģ˵Ůǰ;ҲΪ˸ĸ뿴ġ
Īɽʵ֪ҹ˵Щһ䷿֮еĪӣȫܹõ
ǾַʽȰĪӸ뿪ˣ֮Щûе˵ȴΪеһ˿ᣬЩ᲻öߣһַǳì̬ܵ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ɾ컯ĸǰȥأͬĪ֮ǰԤϵǰȥŹص֣ûܼ˾ظҲδȥ
žϢڳɾ컯֮ڤ֮£ֿһأΪסظڤ֮Уûбµء
ӣԭΪɾ컯һֱһҵ壬΢һ
һλ컯棬ʵȷǿˣɾĿǰһλ컯棬Ǻ֮ǰһ׼֮ľףҲͬǰ
˵ˣ֮ľƣԭȣû̫ĸı䣬Ҳڤ֮Уظĵλ޷ˡ
һͬʱҲ̫ȷ֮ǰλ컯ǿһ֮ĶҲʱȥ̽Էôһλµ컯浮ôҲһʱ䡣
ʱ֮ں˻ص˵֮ڣͽѶɵģʱֵעһЩϢȫĪӡ
ͱ˵ظߣȻΪɾ磬鶼ǵǨֱ˵ԭڶʳڤͥʱڵĵƺ׼˿ڡ
ڤ֮Χˮߺʱվ˳ڤһĹǡ
ڤеĹԵظΪģʱڣû˸ҷظȨظҲĹƽܹ֤ظת
ڻһСϢ˵˼ĻʳҪдһǣ⴫һ
Ϊ֮Ϊ컯ģ䱾Ҳûдʲôͳд´֮ĸʵֻܱдһǣƽ
ϢĿǰֻһСϢûеõȷϣĪӾãϢĿԺܴ
ڴЩϢĪӶĿǰ֮ľƸ˽һЩɾ컯֮ʱ䣬˶Ƚϰ֣ûκһͷϹģֵһݵĺƽڣһκƽʱ䣬ƻһγһЩ
Ǻڻ֮ڵ֮еֻܿع죬ƽֳʵھϾ֮ΧЩˣܿȫʶˣһƾԼĽȻ֪ôģҲʶˡ
ʱֹ˼֮ĪӵͣȻӣҺͷӢ
Щ꣬ɹ֣Ϊﵽɾ磬»ص֮ϣΪڴڵλϣ֮ϺȻҪĪݻһ¡
ҺͷӢ˵ĵ֮Ī˾ͱĶܿһλڵĳϣĪӵĵ
һΣԷĵͲֻǵİݻһˣĪ֮ǰµĳŵ΢̵һ¶ԷӦһ֮Ϻ
ĪӲûʳԣʱ˵Уÿ֮󣬾ͻʱ̵һ£ʱ䣬Ǻ˽̵ԷһЩ
ϾĪԼĵӣڽн̵ʱ򣬵ȻԴǺڵôģˣĪӽ̵ԷЩѾ㹻úܾˡ
λڵĳϣҲһȽʶȤˣĪӵĵ˼֮󣬾ȥѰһԼĵֻǸһʱ䣬ǰݻһΣ˳һЩϵ⡣
ʱƽǹúܿ죬ת֮䣬֮ϣѾ˶ʮʱ䣬յͥĵǲָȥһʱ¡
֮䣬ʱֹͣ˳ͻɾ˵İţҲٻ͵սȥˣΪȥˣҲﲻЧֻǹȥĴһʱ䣬Ǹûʲô壬簲ȥһЩ£ҲѧЩ
ڵİţĪӾãϯӦҪģڻЩȤĪҲȵϯӦԼһڡ
ʱƽǰǵĵҲʮ֮֮ϡ
ĪԤ֮еһûƹ÷۵ĻᣬһɾԪɣֱ񣬻ûдﵽֵı׼Ҫ֮ϣ»ҪЩꡣ
ʱ֪ȥһлգʱɵѾʮˣΪһķĪӵУӿܻƽľôȥ
һյϣĪ֮ûͬһ㣬µĵӸȥǶǰǺ˵
˺һȥһͥȥһλͣ
Īӵ仰Ǻʦͽ˶һۣɫЩء
ҲȥͥȻҲͥǰһֱΪ·ߵգҲλͣĪ˵仰ʱԺ֮뵽ĵһˣǳվͥǰ϶ֺͰա
ĪӼ˵飬û˵ʲôֻǴһͥҲʱ֮ĪٴοԼĵ
յͥշǳĳأĪӴǺ˽ͥʱ򣬱Ѿоֱ˵ա
ͥˣǳĶ࣬Ϊ͵ģﵽɾ磬ֻǸճɲõˣΪߵģȻǼλߡ
ĪĿȺ֮ɨϤףζ̲ȵϤˣȫͥУ˵Ŀ⣬ڿͥǰǼλɢŨŨĺ֮ˡ
ǼλͽȫһĪвɵøӳˣԭΪһˣֻеһλɿ龰⼸λͣ׼һͬ·ˡ
ĵ̾һĪ֪ʵҲʲôԽܵ飬ԭ⼸λͣϵͲ࣬Ѿ׶Σ˴֮֮Ҳ̫Զ
֮ͥ˱ĳأյȼλˣʱ鷴Ƿǳɣ˾һĿɨȫһϤףյȼһЦƵϣ۾еһ
ϵڳеˣÿһĺӣնżߵЩϻƣȥˣЩϿɵĺӣһزˣһʱڳˣҲһ֣ɳ
ǰЩˣյȼˣĵ׸еԵο΢ĩ𣬵˽ʱգѾ֮ǿߣôǿߣлвǿųɳġ
ղΡΡվֱӣ˵ĿעУĿˣǳĲϣԵм
ҵȼˣ֮ˣû뵽һֱ֧ŵ񣬿˽֮ʢҵʮ㣡
ͥǰЩӭˣһЩ󱲣һ֮󣬾ҲûмǣҵȻʱ乻ˣңԴ˲ֵ֤ĳɳдңգ
գҵȼ˴֤պĲ׳δλˣ
һ˵ţЩȻԽԽȵһ仰˵꣬ߵļλͣվһȫǰһ˵
δλˣ
⼸ϵӰǰһݵͬʱǼ˵ͬʱ˱仯ͷͬǵȫʯʡ
ȫʯʵһ˲䣬ڳе˶ѾΪͣǵϳʧȥϢԪҲһˡ
ĬƬ֮ڳеˣǼʧȥʯ񣬹һڵ
ȣͣ


ڰ˰ʮ ֻ
ˣѾǳ׵Ĵˣ֮УҲӦʡˡ
λ͵ˣûʲô˶ʲô׷˼֮ʽֻڼ֮󣬶ǹһȻĬĬվƬ̣Ϳʼȥˡ
ӣԪ飬޴棬˼һݰ˼֮⣬ģûʲôҪΪֻصĻᶼûС
Īڵˣȴмס⼸λͣɵļʯҲԶ˵ģ֤ʢ
ȥߣôеһְ˼һļɣ
̲ĵУĪӵΧζҩȽǿߣмλĪӼҲ΢һЩرĽɡ
ĪӴǺͥлʱûʸ
Ϊ˸λͱ𣬸λѵþһ𣬼λ˵һʧԭǳ飬ҵܹ棬Ժλ־ƽͥҲЯһĺ󱲣
һȺ֮Уϵ̲ȿڶŴ˵
Ļ϶ˣҲûֻ̫֣֮иͷҾͱȽϺýˡ
̲һ䣬ζ΢΢̾һȻ󿪿˵ǰλ͵ߵΪûʲô취Ҳһϵģֻպͥ֮ˣ
˵񾭳ͥһɾͽ֮֮طܣΨͥĴȴ࣡һԵζһۣö˵
˭˵٣ʮǰһһأҪ˵٣ĪЩٰɣЩ꣬û߶ѽζЦһ䣬ȻĿתһԵĪӡ
ĪԣЦſڵҺúõһʱˣҳɵʱҲ̫ҪúõĻۣͻƣ
ĪҪͻƣǿɾǴߵľ磬ѵѾ߾żˣĪӵ仰һһλĪӴһЩرĽɲɵÿڵ
ߵľ磬ôףе˺棬Ǿǰٳ߸ͷһҲĪԣĿת΢΢ҡҡͷ˵
˵仰֮ĪĿת̲ÿ̲ҲԼ֮΢ЩζĪӱ֪Լ̲Ѿˡ
Ȼ⼸仰˵꣬ϻǳ׵ĴˣԶʱ䣬˴ҲǼʮ겻֮ĵĻ̲ܶ࣬ҾһҲϣҺúõĽһ£ҪΪʱ䣬˴֮Щˡ
ȻĿ֮⣬̲ҪĿģֻǵ
ȵһ̲֮ٴ˻⣬˵
̫ɵ壬Ѿ˴ͣսʮˣʱѾˣ壬ҲҪƲסˣʱ䣬Ѿս˵ͷ
̲˵ʱĿ⿴һζζͷ̲Ļ˵ǰʱ俪ʼ壬ѾʼµӦúܿͻ±ս֮ϣҲҪ˶ãЩҲûзɹ裬ս¿ʼҲᱻĴֲ
ζ˵ڳ˵ı鶼û˿ı仯ƺĻ޶ԣʵϣ˵һУԤˡ
֮սܻΪĳЩʱֹֻͣǶݵĺƽѣԶܻóõĺƽ
һεĺƽܹôʱ䣬Ѿ൱ĳˡ
Ȼδɹ裬ô³ֵĺ󱲸֣ЩǷȱλҲϣս֮ʱλܹ
սǰߣЩѾ˺ܳʱ䣬Ӧֻһ£ЩѵԣλǽûʲôҪµĻܷǣǰߣ
̲ζ˵֮ڰԼһĿ˵˳ǾϣڳЩɣǰصˣԵֻһ¡
飬ϵ壬ͥ˵ֱӵǲɱϾǽɾϵǿߣڵǲ֮ǰҪʹҴкģʲôҲš
̲ô˵ڳĽɻһۣȻܿ˿ڱ̬
ǰصĵѣЩʵˣȷӦýֻҽ£ǰȥֻã뽫ҵɱһ£Ҫһڿõǣ滻ߵĵѰɣ
ҽҲ£֮Ҳûʲôر˼ϢȥǿУĸдһ£ζҲ̬ˡ
ζ̬֮ҲʾԼ£ܹǰȥ滻ǰĸ֣ʣҩĪûпڡ
Īӿҩƺûпڵ˼ڵʱ䣬ЩҪҪֻĻܵõҴЩܹǰȥҪʱ䣬ĿǰЩ˵׼
Ī˵仰̲ٵĿڵ£ĪȴԼɣȵ鴦ˣʱ̸²٣
Ī˵֮󣬾ֻʣҩ˵ͷǳɴˣֱҡҡͷ˵ҩȥ
ҩĻش˶һЦΪҾûָҩҲȥֻΪ֣ӦӵĵطԶӦȥս
һ˵Щɸ֣ûʲôˣ΢䣬Ҫģվ뿪ˡ
ĪҲߵñȽˣȷҪ죬ȻرżҲûʲô塣
̲ĵ߳ĪӺܿϵǺһֱѶɵУӵĪӵĴѶ֮󣬾̸˹
ǺĪͥȥԶԶͿǼ͵ʯĪӵĽŲɵľ
Ȼ֪λԪ鶼Ѿ޴棬ڿ⼸ʯʱĪȻܹо⼸ʯϣɢһֶδףԸС
УǼλѾ䣬ȴȻþõûɢԶı̶⼸ʯ֮ϡ
Ī߽֮΢΢Ĺ⼸ʯһ񣬸ǺͬҲһ֮˲߳ͥ
Ī߳ͥ󣬶Ǻ˵ΪʦҪȥһ£Ȼȥɣʱ䣬µĵӣȴΪʦ̵һ£
仰˵֮ĪֻͷһͥȻһгһɫС򣬽佻ǣٴο˵棬ΪʦЩ£ƵһЩС㿴Щ꣬ûЩ֮㣬ֵĻΪʦЩͳȥ
ףֽӹĪӵİɫСĿҲͥķһۣȻ


ڰ˰ʮ 佫
²ͬʱһ˿ɫĪӲһǰȥǰսһʱѪҹء
ߵĪԺоѾ˺ܶյĻ棬Щӻ죬ٿŷԭѾȥôãԼ֮еĵطҲԭļһЩ룬Щͬˡ
ԭߵǰģӦһƬصѪɷնȾһƬѪɫȴûпľ
µ֮УвѪɷûɢ֤Ƭأ׾ϴ
ĪӼһǰǰУܿ͵Ѫҹصĵأ֮ĪӲŸоһѪɷ꣬Ҫһء
վڸǽϵĽʿϵǼ뱸ͦΣվԵ䲻Щȱ֫壬վڳǽϵĽʿսδܹȵù
ԴѪ֮Ѫҹߵս¾Ѿ˺ܶ࣬ԭѪҹأѾûǱôҪˣؿѾȫֻлʳľˣһЩգѾʼΧĽԭҲ˲Сı仯
ȻڲİҲǺܶ࣬չȥԭĵؿΪһĳǳء
Ī߹ּǰȥصĺɫһǰɫԽԽޡ
ĪӵĵڶؿʱľɫԼеı仯ǳСǽԭĳǽָоҲû̫ı仯
ԶԶģӹؿ֮дһЩɱǲսǽʿѵ
ѪҹûԭôҪˣѪҹе壬˵ǷǳأѪ֮壬ҲֻǱʱĵסˣǱ׵ĽˣЩ˺ƽʱڣȻҲûǣΣջǻѪҹ߰ŵפȻ١
ĪӼƹһֱѪйصĵһؿҲǰߡ
ĪڿŨѪɷؿɢһɱ⡣
Īһؿ߽ûе£ȥĽŲͣˣ̧ͷͷգȻһâû뵽֮С
ǸСռ䣬һĪӾ͸о˹ͼϢȻֱŶԷɽȥܿ죬ĪӾͼĹͼ
Էӣɢţڸ¥Ķ㣬ǰڷǸϤͭˮ衣
ĪӾ̸ͼһ񣬾ΪѾ˹ͼҲܲĶ顣
ͼĪӸԼûжȵĪ֮վһ
Һ⣬ҵһμʱȻܹǱʣȴû뵽ŹȥôãҾҪƺһˣͼĪӣЩ˵
Īнĳɾͣû뵽ĪӺܿأȴҲû뵽Īӻɳô졣
˹˵ѵҵİλǰҵչˣҲ߲ٵ·Ī΢Цſ˵
򵥵֮󣬹ͼͶĪʵΪİɣ
һ˵ţһǰͭˮ裬ʢŵˮı棬̾΢΢һȻӡһ档
һͷϣһλеϽվڳͷԶվͦΣͬһòԾĿǳͬӥһ㡣
վͺǽΪһ壬ǽϵڣ᲻ɴݡ
ĪӿͭˮӳĻ棬֪ģʱ䲢ûչ˿ᣬѾഺ̬ǣԵòϵϵȴû˿ļ
ĪĵͷһĿģȷΪġ
Ѫĺģӵͳ˧ĴѪҹأսãҲ޽֮ʱһûãĪĺ󱲣ҲܹĶݣļҪһʱĪӱҪǰĺ¡
ƾһĹ󣬱ضܹλֻԴѪ֮ĵսûôˣõλͬΪսһԶߡ
ģЩϧˣƾǰܹƷλƷλЩ̿ɴ򣬵ЩĹͼͭˮеĻ棬ٴο˵
Ѫҹ˺ܳʱˣۿѪҹػ˼εͳ˧ҲۿЩͳ˧һ뿪ģΪȽϿϧġ
ƽİ˵ѾˣɶЩһֱڱ߹صĽʿ˵ȴڿպǵഺ
û̴ĽʿѵŬվûʩչȭŵĻᣬվеã
û̿ɴͳ˧ͬҲеãе尾
Ѿˣһ뱲ӶѪҹأҲϢʱˣȥʦҲڵ΢ĬƬ֮ĪӻĿ˵
ϣȷû飬Ǻƽ£Ҳͬչ˵ÿһˣô˵ĵĹ޷ĨɱģЩ̿ɴҲͬòλֻǿܱԭܹõҪһ㡣
޽һλͳ˧ô򵥵ĻδⰵһЩһЩʱ䣬Ļ֮ǰܹսһͼ̧ͷĪ˵
ԣĪҲЩ⶯֮ĺƽʼնǶݵģݵĺƽҪˡ
ĪӲûڵģһЩĿǰľƣֻҪľܹϵһսΪĻ
ĪӿŻ֮еģͦεվˣĪӼܹопһս佫ķʽΪԼϾš
ҲӦʬ³ڲϱ˫ۡ
뵽Īӱ¶˾ģͬͼ˵Ըģսһ
ҹĻ٣Ī뿪Сռ䣬ĵĵĴʣѾǳϵġ
ǣĪӣʦ𣿡ڼĪ֮һ۾ϳλ󱲣ȴȻ֮ôһ˿į
޽ҵȷģܿҪˣʱӦòôߵģԣԸսһ𣿡Īӿģϴһ˿΢Цʵ
仰ģ˫ĿȻֱ֮ޱϵ̬һɨգȻվ
ˣĪ֪ԼѾˣԼѾõ֮еĻش
ڶϣ߳ʵһ̣Ľʿ֣˧ƺͻȻһЩϵǹƣҲøˡ
ӽӣѪǼǿ䱸ʱ׼ս
Ĵ粽棬ͬʱԼߵĸԸĻĸȻ֮һȻ̷Ӧһ֮¶һĨ֮ɫӦ
ĩ


ڰ˰ʮһ 
һ佫ӦеĻǶһ⣬ͬʱҲǶЩʿĸ
Ѿƽһʱ䣬һѪҹصʿûкսһź彻־ͳ˧ܹǴһҲᾡӦ֮ս
ѪҹϿյСռУĪӺ͹ͼһжһ裬һš
ͥ׼ֻǰĸλѣߣƺܿҲҪ뿪ˣͼĪӿ˵
صʱܳˣȷӦֻϢһ£ǿȻ̫࣬滻˻еģĪһڱ֮裬̧ͷ˵
ǰɣܹ滻ҵ˻еģϧ֮⣬ˣȴѾ滻öˣͼ΢΢̧ͷĪһ֮󣬾ͽĿת档
仰Īһʱ֮Ҳ֪ôڡ
սƬСռʱĪӾѾоˣ˹ͼ⣬ƬСռеˣϤϢѾʧ˺üȡ֮ǼİϢ
ĪƬСռʱ򣬵ʱƬСռеļˣĪӶǼģеһѾˣͼ˵滻ָҲƽ뿪Щˡ
Ķ֮Уǿ߿ܳʲô¶ЩɺɣȴʱΣա
ĪӳĬͼݳĬתͷٴЦſڵȷǳΣգɳˣĵ;Ҳž޴ĺô˵ڲֻ֮һλĽɣ
ͼ˵ţĿ˻ϻɴЦ⡣
ȷѾҪﻹ׶ˣܹͻƽɾļҲܴ󣡡Ī΢΢ĵͷҲջԼĿ⡣
֪ͼ˵Ƿ羺ԼΪ֮ǰ羺ΪѾﵽɾ磬ôȥˣԷСռ䣬ΪҲһ˵ɳٶԶԶȲԼֻҪѾԽ˾ɡ
˵֮䣬ͼɫͻȻһţֶǰͭˮĻһ䣬ͼͭˮ֮Уֳһ档
Ѫ⣬ľ뻹ȽԶĵطĺƣǵصѪǵķӹ֮УܹӰбܻǷС
һĻһۣ֪ĴѾ̲סˣ¶巢˽
һˮǱߣҲ޶ԣӦͬ׼巢
ͼٴһһ䣬ִһ׹⣬âڷ֮һȻٵķɳСռ䣬·֮ȥƿѪɷ׼ȷĵߡ
ڲŽʿģڿ׹ֽ֮ץס̯ƣ׹֮лһ֣һĨâ
һ̣Ȼ֮߬ȭͷһֻ̧ڳѵĽʿڿͳ˧֮ˢˢ˼ƣֱվԭء
Ŀɨȫ뷢޷ԶƱڳеĽʿ˵
ףִ汾壡
һվڳенʿĿҲһ̱
ĪӺ͹ͼСռ֮УͨǸͭˮ迴һУڹ۲ʵ
ǹ֮УĶλɣҲ޷һ۽俴͸ϾһͬҲ˽ǿߣΪֻݻȻ׵Ŀʵ
ڣʮ֮ĵһսҪѪǵķ³ѪҹˣĪ΢üͷڵ
ԴѪ֮һĽвͱС˺ܶ࣬Գȥˮ棬ٴδǱ취ԽǰѪǣɱڲͼƽ˵
Ѫǵĳ֣ʱҲر𳤣ѪǣΪڲϢʱغȵĿĿ˵Ѿﵽˡ
ѪȻƾ˾볹׵ĵסĽԼҲûֻǽ䵱һµϡ
ҲôöԸģôȥ˵Ҳ뵽˶ԸѪǵİ취ԽĶԿѪǣȴȫѪǡ
һ̣̫ôѽĪ΢̾һ
ȻƾڵʵǹƣĪȫܹһƽȫȴôϵսֻЩûгɵ塣
һпĵİɣΪѪҹصͳ˧̿ɴЩӣҲȹģͼ˵
ʸô˵ģΪЩ֤ÿһôģΪѪҹصͳ˧̿ɴЩӣҲΪ˽һٴαս˲ٵ׼
˵֮ǰĺѾӽѪǣվѪϵĽʿĿҲע⵽ƵϮź󷽷Ԥ
ǽµѪǣҲΪЩĿ΢һЩ仯ɢһŨѪɷͬʱһЩӰѪ֮˳
ǼľѪ֮еս꣬ûսЩЩսͳ˯ѪУٴθоսٽҲʱ˹
ĴµĴʱڿٵѪǸȥٶȷǳĿ죬ȴû˿Ļңһжɵģڿս֮ǰЩ׼ЩĿٶɣͬʮǰһ
ڿ񱼵ĹУһѪɷɵս죬˾ӵ˫ߴһ棬Ȼı˵ġ
ĴƺҪһֲǿѪ֮󣬼û˿ļ϶ֱӷ˽
УʮͬɽһӰӺ֮б߸ߵֱѪǣ峣ĵһ
ֻЩͬɽһӰڿѪ֮󣬾ͷ·ܵһɾ޴ڿлߣȻ֮˴ֱأֱ·׹䣬ݺݵҵ˾Ѫ֮ǰ
ͬɽһӰһվɽѪǰɽһվ֮󣬾ǰܣµĵ棬ǵıܶţͬһ㡣
ЩӴɽûаȻĽӽѪǣΪЩѪ֮ѵս꣬Ѿӭǡ
һɫӰͬһɢŨѪɷͬһɫĺֱײЩ;޴ɽ
ΧΧѪɷǰеĹУѾ˾޴УӭĹУݺݵĴ̴ɽȻֺηؼĴг롣
ƻڼӣǺ֮УͻȻ˼ɫĴ׳һǰȥÿһȳ˵ҪӴ׳
ǰս꣬ҲΪЩӲĴмƿһȱڣеһЩս꣬Ǳ⼸ֱӳɢˡ
գ⼸ٶȷɿȻӲѪ֮Уǰֱû뵽˳ǽڡ
һĻСռ֮еĪӺ͹ͼ˵ĿҲɵһ


ڰ˰ʮ Բ
׼ͻѪǵķȻͦģ⼸źܲ򵥰ͼǼЩص˵
ȷ򵥣ƺһЩֶΣ⼸ɫЩѪǣĪҲǼ׳˵
һս干ͬģȻ嶼ջΪõսƷ壬һ̶ϵķչЩջ񣬻µĶǰ⼸ɫ˴֮õĳɹһ֡
Ǽ׳û뵽Ѫǵĳǽ֮һúܽͷ·𿪱˼ͨһ㣬һЩιŹֵ壬˳⼸ٵѪȥ
ʱվѪϵЩ彫ʿҲʼһλ佫еıи߸ߵͼҪնеһıնϣ˷һ֮⣬ûκεЧԼƷ顣
Щι״壬˳⼸ϵѪ佫Ϸն⼸뷨ΧѪɷеıƽǰӳһѪɫǽϵǰȥһüֻſϵնɱ
ǣһкüƾһ˲ۿЩι壬ѪѾԽԽˣƺܿѪϣλ佫иеΪء
䲢ǺܴѪҹôʱ䣬Ĵûн֣ϣˣȴ֣Ĳô׶ԸģʽСȫ
еЩʱȻоԼ󣬳һӴѪɷ
佫ٵĻͷһۣȻͿǽӳһƬͨѪɷӴս졣
һĻԭصģ̾ģΪĴҲϵˣͳ˧ȫûʲôµˡ
عȥλ佫еıУͬʱĶųǽϵʿˣЩκβǣɱ
仰ʱĴѾѪɷİУĵִѪǣѾ˳ǽ
һվڳǽϣû뵽ǽ֮еļɫĴ׳̾ͷ⡣
ԭѪǣ֮ʱӦͻӦԲ׵ĿַƺǱѹˡ
ѪǵļӲ̶ȣҲ׵ʲôƣܹѪǵĳǽ˵⼸Բͨķ
ǰƽʼѪ֮ǰͬʱм佫ʩչ˾Ϊ׸ߵľˣץסǴ׳ͼҪǼѪǳǽ֮аγ
ϧǣ⼸λ佫ѾʹȫҲ޷⼸Ѫ֮аγ
ͼ⼸γʱķ֣һȻƺҲżü佫ͣ֡
ǹĺ֮УýʼٿѪɷָӵľķȥһƬꡣ
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Сռ֮еĪӺ͹ͼȻҲһĻȴûоľٶʲôЦġ
⼸׳ƾɵ۹⣬۲ô֮Ҳ೹׵Ŀʵ
Ϊ˿ѪǣרŴķ˴ȡһЩֶ֮⼸͸ӵľˡ
ɫѹһ׵ķƷҲͣƷɱԾвͬôܹ˴ϡû뵽Ѫ֮еһ̿ʼѾܹγˣ⼸ѹѪǵѪǺʹصϵ
ҪǷôȥȻڽѪܹڼΧӲشһȱڡ
Ϊͳ˧ģȻûĪӺ͹ͼ۹⣬վΪҲɹ
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ļ״ûйιǷЧ͵ǲǰĴһֿʼ档
ߴͣҲʼϵķű仯ȫʼ֮󣬽Ҳжʱ׼֧Ԯ
ĪӺ͹ͼͭˮ֮еĻ棬ĲϵóֶΣ֪Ѿ׼ˣҪһĶཻ̱׼ģܹĴӳʵ
ʱ򣬹ͼͻȻվĪ˵սȥȥͻأѪҹߣĪչЩ
ĪԣĵͷʾԼˡ
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ڴǰϮĹУֻܿѪɷԲ̣ǰеĹвϵתţͬһ㣬иΧһУƺгһϸơ
ǰպ˺ӪĺƵʱѪɫ̽žͳ˽һ˲ͽӪŨĺƳ׵˺ҽ壬ͬոһ㣬׾ٵնɱ
ĪӿһĻ˹ͼ֮ǰ˵ô̿ɴĹȻȹľѾյһµĸ߶ȣȫƳ³ˣǰӦþĳɹ֮һ
ĿǰʹõľǲС


ڰ˰ʮ ϵ
ڷһǿľ֮ͳ׵ĺײһĵľǳʵͬҲǿ
ʱʮ֮һȻ˳ֵ׼ģǿֹ
ԣԲεľ󷢻ǿͬʱҲٵʩչӦԵֶΡ
ֻӪУͻȻ˼ǽÿһǽϣļ̣滹̻һЩͼԲξΧ
һĸǽڴϲϵľ£תԲξ˴˽Ӵ֮֮ײĦ˵Ļ𻨣ҷһЩĦ
һǽľ£֮£תԲξ󣬾Ȼı䵲סˣתٶȶЩԼơ
ӦԣתͣԭתŵԲξ˲ʧסĴҲһֳӰ
һѪ⣬֮佫ϵĸɢ߸ʿ֣ѪɫâİУЩ佫ĸ֣һ߰ľˡ
Щ֮УĵΪߴҲȺΪۡ
ЩѾΪ˵佫Ųڴ̤һȦȦɫĹΣǽŲ̤ĵطϵڵɢ
ЩɫĹɢƺû̫𵴣ڵϵһ˺ȴ·⵽˾޴𵴣ʼҡвٵ͵˵ϣл³ѪҺѪҺлһЩƬ
Ǽԭڲϼѹŵĸǽһε̤ǽ𵹣е棬Ѿ׵ˡ
ĵʹõģǽЩҴһµҲǽ˴õջƳģܹƣйûϾȽıң̿ɴһҲĹס
ıⷽ棬ʵҲȽоͱ˵ĪӵġѪ¼оطȻ󲿷ֶûƵģһЩֻһ룬Ѿܹⷽо
Ǽǽ֮ĲûмþգǴߵ彫ʿһַǳ͵̬Ӫгɱ
ÿһн֮䣬ŲڵϣһɫĹɢΧЩ壬ĵʱ򣬸ûжٷ֮
ǺػеıУЩߵȫնɱ
һɴ̱ǵѪζ˲սɫѪҺҲͬµĴأȾ˹ɫ
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һλӿеıеʱȻ͸оһɴϮȻͿԼǰһȫѷɫڵԼұε塣
ĺȷǰ壬ԼЩ϶֣忴ᣬоҲǳ˻ͳģͬʵҲǳǿ
ģһЦȻһ͹ҿŵıУͺݺݵض˹
߼ĹһײĸоԼȻһµĴأվΪģȻȥһأΧɢһѷ졣
Щ佫ǰҲʵȽǿĶ֣סһǰĹơ
Сռ֮еĪӿһĻûʲô仯˼ȴڷٵתš
ͨͭˮĻ棬ĪӶսľƹ۲ķǳȻܹںǽֵЩ壬ȷǷǳᣬЩ䣬ܻûйꡣ
ûдﵽ꣬Ѿǿʵ֮УˣЩ֮ĳ֣ʵһֱȻĽ
һսʱǳ׹䣬ϳŨǳ֮ߵһ̨ףǱߣͬҲߡ
ôȥܹĺ֮㣬ȻҲԣҲЩʱһ飬ո¶ͷǵʱˡ
սϣĺǸһδεײĪӺȻ֮һֿʱĸо
ʷĳֹƬʵ̨ϣһﲻϵĵ̨ʩչԼһ֮УԼŨīزʵһʡ
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ǰģǼĻĴ˵ޣǸոո¶ͷǣҪƬʵ̨ϵˡ
λ޵Ĺ£ƺһʱ֮޷¶ԷǲϵݣǸޣ˸оƺһ̣ľп·塣
ȻʱȻȼһѪɫĻ棬˫ҲһƬ죬ͷϵҲȻһȦ
еıУȻ֮ǰһնٶȺѾ쵽˼£Щ˿ռ
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һĻĪӣоԼղʱ֮Уƺ΢Щ
ǰʵ֤ϵҲһʼҪĻҪ̨þһ
ҡҡͷĪҲ֣ԼЩĵʵ͵ģʵȷʼ·ˣǾ黹жԸֱգȴѾǷ켫ˣս֮ʱʵֻǿ
ŻڼģĪӾãĿǰʵĹҪټһľġ
Ѿ֪Լʱ޶࣬Խ֮ˣ޾֮ʵҪһ̨ס
ս֮еģٴʩչһű֮󣬴˿̵˿ɵȼյѪɫĻ棬Ӳս֮У忪һѪɫ·
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һȣлս佫ԼĶ֣ٵĸģһ󷽳ˡ
ԭǼеҲڶ佫ץס˵ͬʱüλ佫⼸һĺ󷽡
⼸ĩˣȻУڽ⼸һʱ򣬼佫ŲܿͱԽԽء


ڰ˰ʮ ̸
ż佫ٶȱԽԽתץסһ
ȼŵѪɫ棬ץסʱ򣬾ӵϣ巽ӹȥ
Ѫɫٶȷǳ죬ܿӵ˾ͷӪ֮Уץס壬Ѫɫʱ򣬲ûſѡֿ
ƺûʲôãѪɫĻ棬ȻѸӵϣץס壬òſе
Ҳͳһ̣Ȼ佫˹ٵӸһ佫ȻץסԱһ編ơ
صڶʱʣµļͬһʱҵĶԭѾû뵽Ѫеһͷʱ˲Ѫ룬Ȼٵĳ˻ȥѾҲһͬ˻ȥ
ɫٵջأţӪһĹֿʼе֣ȻȻˡ
һĻҲɵһ¡
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һȻˣҲʤ׷Ϊһսûб¶ٵƣںˣпյ֮ƣ΢СһЩΪá
ٴһѪɫâĵȻ֮СЩĴҲѪɫâ֮г֣һƣ˷ܡ
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ָĵģߵһ£ȻתȥѪȥ
СռУĪӿˣҲеЩ⣬ԭԤ֮еһս׵ĽЩס
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ҹĻܿ콵ˣѪǣΪովһսԭ򣬳һŨɱա
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ĪָߵһӣϵľƺԶƮж˾ơ
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ѾˣԺڴϣ÷ȷһЩиĺþƣ
΢΢һͷȻḧһԼĺ룬ҵͷѾ׵ĺ룬ٴοڵ
ԭΪһ̤սƾЩδϹȫʢ֮ʱʵ˿ѷɫϧһս֤վˣ
յһսʵѾҵԤϣһ統꣬ҪȵǿĪЦ˵
仰ǵİοĪӾãĽֳʵȷǷǳһż
ԼʲôԼòŰοңȻʵǰˣЩվûȹ֮ʣûµЩʿǰʧ棡ЦһͬҲоһȻ˵
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Īô˵ͻȻ֮һ٣ԼµˣĽ˵ʲôˡ
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仰˵֮ľֱתĴʵķȥ
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ʱͬգ֮䣬ͣսôõʱ˫õĽսѪҹعؿλͳ˧һλܹ֮̾ϡ
һλͳ˧ʬľ˵ἤһֶ־ľӣڽսʱ򣬱øη
񣬼ʮδ֣һӣҪһݵӦڣʱһλ¸صͳ˧ս֮սӵĶ־δһ£пľЩΪսϱõ㡣
ȻǴƽȵ׶εĹȣͬҲѪҹصĽʿ¸ģԼȥҲвܵͳ˧
һսɳȻһսսҲֻսϣֿĽ棬ͬҲΪͳ˧Ҫʱŵġ
ķԼʬѡԼޣγһַʽսʮ¿սӮһĿ֡
ĪЩָԼһƣȻϸϸƷš
ͬʱʶ֮УڿºӹļǸΪѾҹ˰СԺ
ҵʱ䣬ȵȰɣʱӦȽϿԣĪ
ʮʱȥ֮պյġѪĺģѾһ뷢԰׵Ͻοºӹ壬ͨͨũҷ򸾡
ʱţǵձøӲϣͬҲǵʱ䣬Ѿʣ޶ˡ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ĸԼʱ൱׼ȷ˵ңʱˣһٽʱȻͦΣĿִ޽ĸоֻĪӣĽʿܹˡ
ҵʱ䣬ĺܺõļһͳ˧ΣȫԼµЩʿЩͳ佫еļ˧š
ڼ巢ļսĸڲؽ̵ǣÿһζսҲÿһζܵĸǷӵĻᡣ
£ҵʱ䣬µЩʿѾ׵Ӧ˺սΪԹһСԵʣҲǵ̬üΪء
Щ£ܹо⣬ЩʿҲµĵĴ޽һҲϧʱ䣬ĵÿһ̵εĿΪٹãǿܺλ¸صͳ˧ٶǽ̵Ļˡ
ԼѪҹµͳ˧Ҳʱظ·ܹƽȵȨĽӣĪҲʶǵһЩܿ
ҲСˣҲ彻֣һʵôĴĥҲѾǳˣϧ⼸ͬҲ̿ɴֲǾѪҹأᱻʱǲĵطԲҪһɡ
һϣУһ̤ѪǣĿ⿴ԶӪϵɫϲ˿˿̵ʲô
Ƭ֮ջԼĿ⣬ָѪǵĳǽȻŲŲǰš
·ЩվڳǽϵʿԵʱĽŲͣһ£ֽһʿĿ׷Ȼļûλʿ΢Щɫּǰȥ
ǰеĹ֮Уüͣ˽ŲָЩʿϵĿףǳᡣ
ûĲѪ˺ܾãһֱߵ磬·Ľʿԡ
Сռ֮еĪӺ͹ͼ͸Ǹͭˮ裬ôĿģһǰУԼĶ
ڣͣԼĽŲ̧ͷһͷȻĿתǰԶ಻һͷѪǣĵͷ̾һ
ϧ߲ˣ
һѪǣԴӽȥˣֱʱŷ֣ԼƺһֱûмѪǵÿһôģֻеһֶѡ
̾Ϣһ֮ĻعԼѾ߹ĵط˻ȥһεĽŲҪö࣬ܿ뿪Ѫǡ
Ƚϰ֣ûм˼ѪϵؽҲᾡְĶһ춯֤ܹٶӦ
뿪Ѫ֮ľͻصѪҹصĵһؿʱѾ˼佫ôһġ
ĽľٶѾǲ˲ԣЩ˶ߣֻһûпڣôĬĬĸš
Ҳûи뿪ǸԼߣѪҹصĵһؿУš
ߵһطʱĽŲͣһ£ͷһ۸ԼЩ佫вûܿӰ˵Щʲô±տڲˡ
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ԭҪٽһ£ȻܿڣǾֻˣýݣ֮ǰѾˣ˵޷Ǿֻǿһ¡
ĽŲǰߣǰеĹУòϵƣߺʵĳǽƺͳǽϵĦִв̫ãĳǽĵ¶ȴڵġ
һǰԺ֮жʱðĻ䣬Щ飬ѾڼеˣʱҲԺС
ЩˣѾڣǵֺ¼춼Ѿ֪ΪߵȴļǵǵӣǵԼһĹ¡
žڣ̽ġ
Щ飬촽΢ĿУ³һ֡
ЩֶվЩ佫˵ǳİôȴǸеϤˣΪЩЩйء
Щ֣߳˵һؿѪҹصĵڶؿȥ
·ϵʱ򣬸Щ佫ͷ֣ƺЩ㱣ΧϤһУһ˻֮еˣƺЩϤľܹྭ
״̬µģԭһֱάڶľڲϵĴ֮бȥ˵ɫڶԵ΢΢Щ԰ףȫʧȥѪɫ
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ڵȻᷢЩ룬ľ󲿷ֵľԼľԺ֮ԴԴðļ֮С
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߽ڶؿʱɫѾˣҲüߵÿ죬ǽҲһܹ
˿̵ڶؿУྭһѵʿǵͣؿ֮Уһɷ㡣
ŵζͻȻ֮侫һ񣬴ļ佫һȥŶһݷˣȻһط¾Ϳʼ
ѪҹߵĻʳܲΪҪѵԻʳ֮еʳٲ˵ģĴڵĳڣĵ˵ͷȻ̧ͷһֱԼһ佫ͻȻЦ˵
磬Ҽǵ㵱ʱ򣬵һγԾеĻʳһ˷ݵģûгԱݻ԰ɣ
Ľеֵ佫վеĻʳ֪˵Щʲô
յǾгķ󣬿ɽʳȴЩԲ£Ҳ֪ô˵ֻǿűˣʹĽеĻʳԼȻ󺬺˵
ĩˣأ
ʱ򣬲ɱشһ˿ʡ
һʣϵЦһգƽѾҪȥ̫Ŀȫɨһۡ
ȶ֪ˣҴòΪұˣһҲֵȥˣѪҹأиˣ
˵ɫȻ֮죬˸վһ˲Ļعⷵա
ȼסҪ󣬾彮񣬾ҵŮ󣡡
һ仰˵վﲻˣеĹâıðֱ׵ʧãߵ̫Ҳʱ򳹵׵ȥ


ڰ˰ʮ ·
վѪҹصڶؿרΪУĪӿЩյãҲ΢Щƽ
ǰÿյģûݣǡǡ෴Ϊݵʵ̫ˣûа취ôӿ룬֮Уһ϶ṳ̂룬ѡǰݡ
⣬ĵļݣҲĻΪһ͹֮ǿԶ֮ǰĹ
˵ĵҲԤϵģǾ͵һ̣ͼһλͳ˧֮ʱ㣬ķһ͹Ѫǳ׵Ĺơ
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Īԣ΢΢ĵͷĵȻ߳ãϷСռ俴һۣûȥ͹ͼĪһʧԭء
֮ĪӴĵ˻ʳ񶼣һʳ񶼣ûпԼ£Ī͸оһĿԼϡ
Ī̧ͷͿһӰڻʳ񶼵Ͽգڷ֮С
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ĪҲһʱûˣԼλӵϢ÷һֱڹעġ
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ʦͽЩ˵ҲҪ֮ģĽͿˡ
Īԣĵֱó÷顣
÷ѾһλƷˣΪ൱ɾ磬֮ϣΪôǷڴϣѾǿˡ
ĵ꽻÷뷷֮ǰӦòʲô⣬Ͼǻʳ񶼡
÷ĵ֮ʦͽ˾ͿʼòˣܹĵĻҲ̸̸ܶ࣬ЩľʱѾȥ˼ʱҲѾˡ
Īԭ÷ģ÷֮ȴĪ˵ΪʦȰҵѰһ£ȲˣȻ˻ʳ񶼣ȥհף̫ãΪʦãӦȥ
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֣ô£ԪΪοյĪûհ׵Ļߵߺ󣬾ֱӸɴ˵ʵ
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հ˵һڱеĲ裬ȻԼµĪӣż˵
Ϊӵܣڳ֮ϣʱˣҲһͦĵ飬ȲĪ˵뵱ҶǷ绪ïټĪɣȴǴӣЩ
Ԫˣһһλȸ·ܹЩʱλѣöչһʱҹãҪڿ
հ⼸仰˵꣬ĪӾհױôϵԭˣ֪ԭĪȴҲûʲô취Ҳȥʲô鷳ΪôϣհԼѡҲǳҵΡ
ĺңеʱǳƾãʵҲǳǿҵĴвͬţǺͻʳϵܲɷ֣ÿһӵܣڳ֮Ϊ١
ʳҲĬЩӵܣԲֻܶ࣬ǸԸôһλ֤˴֮ϵ
ԣհײӳҩӵܵһĬԼҵĺ·˸ûа취˵ʲô
ĪӳĬͲ˵հٴ΢ЦſڵһóһЩȻã鶼ˣǾûбҪټˣһҲǾ˲ٵ£Ƚһλᾭľʣòҷ֮ҲҪ任ˣʱҶ죬žǰһгˡ


ڰ˰ʮ 
һֺܸӵĶʱ׳־ƣ֪ζָ㽭ɽӳⷽٵǣʱɣĥ֮󣬿ʼóȣȥӭϣʱ͸£ָֻ˼ʱ档
ܶ˶ˣձòϣͣȴʼձһɣȻٱֳ
հ˵ĪѣżֳԼһɵˣǿλɣҲԼ
Īհ׵ĸϺ˴ʼĻ⣬ֻǾ򵥵Ľ֮˾ͺĬĶûᡣ
ÿ˵ľͬԶиԵѡ񣬶հ׵ѡĪҲûбҪ档
֮˵ĽǱ˴˾ͽľĪӱȽϵıչհЩľҪḻöˣȥҲʵĶࡣ
հףҲǶãڳϣͬҲΪܵصģЩڻʳΪ٣հһֱǱȽϵ͵ģɵ͵ȴ˲ٵ顣
ʩķʽС£Ӷıȫֵϸķʽڲ֪֮һµĸĸҴʱ򻹲ַ档
Ϊ˻ʣԼΪҪʳ֮еĹԱȥⷽģӦþҪհˡ
Сָı֣һʱḶ́հЩ꼸һֱæµ֮УˣѺ˼鵱ȻҲܶ࣬һЩϲ˼ǵ˰ҹհӦϢˣհ׵Ļ˵أ
ڶһ磬հȥμӳᣬĪҲ߳հ׵ĸۡڻʳ
Ļʳ񶼣ĪѾüˣҲ֮ΣĪҲ˵Լÿһطˡ
ĪڳУȻֵϾѾٵˣоʳ񶼱ǰʱƺֱøӷһЩ
һεмʱѾˣʳ֮Ҳ˺ܶı仯ϾǻʳĶǣһ³ֵӦöռġ
·߹ĪӿǰһЩطŵòȴǸµĽܹıҪȱĶࡣ
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֮ǰôкУԼʦȻڣĪӾ׼ȥȺհ״к
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ĪӿǰߣԷֱȽóķеˣֺдϡ
˻٣ȻǵȥĪû̫λߣֻ΢˼һ£͵ͷͬˡ
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հ׵ڻûлӦҲ˻ĻԼȥˣҲǱ˴ϵһģʲôġ
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Īȴֻ壬ЩˣĪ֣
ˣֻƬ̵Ĺ˵ϵңҲûţĪ˵ţĿʾһǽϵ˼Լûͻ
һĪӦüһһģҲɿĿɣֻǲ֪ٹ֮乬У᲻ҵһ񣡡Ųߵǰָһеһ΢Щͳ˵


ڰ˰ʮ һԿ
ӻʹ֮߳ĪӾͺհһصĸۡ
˻ʱ½٣ʵЩ⣬ûü֪ͨĪ֣հ׶Ī˵
Ī΢΢ҡҡͷҲɶѣҲò֪ͨһң٣Ҳ˻ʱ⣬ͷβҲû˵ʲôΪѵ飡
ĽӴԷĿƺķǳһλɶѣǡĪˣЩһܺʵɵˡ
һ̸֮УĪӶǶ˼ֺøУΪͬѾȥûж˻λжô̰ȻͬҲЩʱĸ̸֮̾УмѣЩ鿴ñȽϿ
ĪֽǲӦúҵˣհĪ˵֮󣬻ͻȻһתĪʵ
Īӵ˵ͷֱӻشûӦûºӹһˣеĸĸԸߣޣҲѾˣ
Īһλصأǲһ˷֮УԼʶЩˣѾˣһΪһgпмִհԣЦſʵ
֮Ĺϵ˵Ļܿ˼һЩȻĪӲҪĿЩ飬ܹͱ˷һ£ҲʧΪһˡ
Īٴε˵ͷЩ˵ȷˣȻٵĴ֪Ԫֻعѭ֮еһ׵ɵߵˣһҪʱлǲ
Ҳͦõģ˵Īô꣬ûбĮ֮ˣҲʧΪһ£հ׼ڵ
ͦõģһݴҶڵһ˿µĸ˵ܿ죬Ϊܹһ¥
ĪӶ仰ʱȽƽûΪԼΪٴνͱֳ˿ĸˡ
Īӵȣµľ磬ѾĲǺԶˣûһݴͰò̫ãĪҲܹͻƣ̤뵽ߵС
һݸҲֻǼӿĪӳɾʹߵٶȣĪܹоԼʲôʱ̤㵽ߵС
ǾףĪΪһ¥պҲһɽհԣվĪ˵
λȥ֮󣬾ͲҪٻˣϵĪⲻϵգܹǸоЩŤҲϣĪҵ㣬ǵȳ֮ټɣ
հһ仰˵÷ǳ棬ȷϣԼѲμԼ񣬸оһ˿죬ٵȼ꣬ҵʱݶѾǷס
ˣҲ㣬Ǿ͵֮ɣĪվհ˵
˵仰ĪӶհ׹֣תȥհҲںͣһֱĪͳ˸ۡĪԶŴЦݻȥ
صԼеհףֱԼ鷿ڣóһԼϲ飬ԺʶȻЦݡ
Īλѵ֮ǰհȻѾҪ·ԼĳΪһ飬ôľ꣬ҲһĿ־塣
Ͼ֮дֲܹһأǴޣվҲҪ뿪ġ
֮£հ׵̬ҲЩЩˣεĶȹԼ޶ʱա
Īλ֮հͻȻ֮͸оԼ̬˲٣ڲ֮ͻᵽҲһ飬Լ֮µôһ˿˿ڴ
÷첻֪ĪûкԼʦ𣬾ֱ뿪˻ʳ񶼡
Լʦ֮䣬ԺӻأûüС£ʦͽ˶ƽϡ
뿪ʳ֮Īûռ֮УܿͻصӰأȻֱӻصºӹ塣
һλĪӲûֳԼΣǾܵĽԼĴڸУվԼļſڣĬĬľš
ºӹЩı仯Сÿһֵı仯ĪӶȽϤΪ͸ԼķĪȫЩ仯ҲЩ仯Ĳߡ
͸ԼҵԺӣĪӿԺ֮УѾͷףϲƵĸףһæµš
ѾĸףֽɱȽѾǰæµһ֮󣬾ͲòͣϢ
ûãͬͷףϲƺߵĪɽ΢΢ӴƵ߻ûзվǰĪӣƿԺž˽ȥ
صҵĪɽԾĽڷܴӣŲԺУȻĪӵĸףһ𽫷˶˳ŵϡ
ȵڷϣԣûӣǵȴġĪӡͬʱڵȴĹУҲòϵڱ˴˶Ի
ҵģȥʱ򣬾ͱ̫Զˣ㲻˵ʱо˾ڼϢϹʲôأĪӵĸ˵
ΪۣҪߣǶôˣмûҶǵʱ䣬ˣĪɽԣĪĸ׵֡
˵ʱԾֽһЩҲʶĽͷ˹ȥ΢΢̧һЩƺЩĪӵĸ
ʵϼ㵽ҲȽűĿ֮ʶĶҪǺʹЩʱǻĪɽ˵ĻŻʶĶ
ǰҲûˣˣޣ˵Ҳ첻ˣȥ𣿡
ˣҲûˡ

ĪԺǰŸĸĶԻһʱ֮ȻЩֱ֮һԼųͷߵǰĪŻع
ųͷĪӣվǰԼ¶һǳЦݣȻҲûֱͣƿž˽ȥ
ĪӵݣҲѾһ͵ũˣȻλǳĽ׳ͷѾܹһЩ׷ˡ
Ժ߽ȥͷһߣȥϴһ֮󣬾˷ϣһ˱㿪ʼԷ
Էʱ򣬻Ҳʱʱļ䣬Լҵˣ˵ĪһСʻ䣬ڿҪɻˣٹһʱ䣬пܴ»ӻصºӹǶϣĪĸСָˣڵı֣Ҫ̧һ̧ˡ
ЩݣһٷܿͳˣĪɽʰһ꣬Īӡǿͷ뿪˼š
ߵԺſڵʱ򣬡ĪӡԼٴ¶΢ЦĺͬҲûͣͬһȥ
ĪվԺӵſڣûжֱɫ谵ҹĻ٣һ˳׵˯£Ī߽ԺӣȻԼķ䡣
Ī߽ʱڴϵġĪӡںҹ֮Ϣ˫ۣȻĬĬվ
Īӱ˴ʵѾȫͬˣҲͬȫͬˣվһһ
İԼĪջתһߣһ˵һʱ䣬鷳ɣңһԿţ


ڰ˰ʮ ֪ͨ
һ̫Īɽľˣͬһʼæµܵ񣬼ƺҲûʲôæµˣȴܹҵһЩǰһЩõĶϵҰš
ȻͣƽʱǾоۣϢʱ˯ȴǺǳҲľ˯ˡ
ĪվԺУŸĸæµһԼ֮ͬһԹͳȥˡ
ĪûиԼķôվԺԼķ뿪֮Ժ֮кͻȻһЩĪɽ򸾣ͻȻúԺӣɫʶ΢һЩ
˻æµţֻԭĶղűøһЩ˴֮һûһš
һ֮Īɽ߳ԺӣŴ֮ȥԺ֮оֻʣĪӵĸһˣƵæµš
ȵæò֮뷿֮УóһЩߣԺſһɹ̫һ߻ơ
ȻѸߣĪӵĸף۾ȻǳֽҲɣ߻ȻǰһЩվǾտġ
ĪӾĸæµĴһʱңм䲻Ϻ·˴кҲ˴յǰ䣬ֵıȽϹϾĪĸı֣ûбˡ
һʱ֮Īӵĸ׻صԺУʼ׼ջΪʱѾˣٹһӣҪ˳緹ʱ
ĪɽҲڲ֮ˣͬһԺ֮пʼ׼ȵġĪӡ֮һ˾Ժ֮г緹΢ϢһᣬĪӡֳȥæˡ
Īɽʰһ꣬ȻԻصУ΢С˯һ֮ʱѾ磬ֿʼջȵĪӡ֮һ˳ԹһһϨƻطһʱôȥˡ
վԺ֮пһĪӣ˿ûио尾оһʱ䣬ָͬһӶѣû£ʱôƽˡ
һҹȥ֮СԺзһУͷ·ظľ飬һΣĪɽ֮ĪӾ͸ĪɽߣһŴ֮ȥ
һ·ϣĪӸĪɽߣЩкһ·˴еһ£һЩͬͷ뻨ףݶ˵ˣһ˵죬Щҳ̣ʮС£϶ٴһЩЦݡ
ĪɽǴ֮곤ˣͬҲǱߵˣ⼸һ𣬱˴˵ʱ򣬼ɶȽ𾴡
ֻǶͣЩҲôģһЩղ˵ĻҲ˵ˡ
ͱ˵ᵽĪӣ˵ȽĽĪɽһֱһźţϧǣôˣȴûиȢһϱô䣬ɻǹһˡ
ÿ˵ʱĪɽҡҡͷĶߵ˵˵˶ٴˣҼҴӣѾɵǸﻹҪȢޣ
ĪɽĻΧ˶ҡͷЦЦĪɽĻ
Ҳ֪ĪһѾ˴ӣĹ£ݻ㷺ţӰص÷ۣĪҴӵġ
һѾɵôһСɽôʵʵֵأӵһСӣѾͲСũ˵ˣ֮ûһţλ̫˼ӣⷽЩͿˡ
ĵʱҲܿ죬ûã͵ˣĪɽվı˴һкԼҵԺȥ
Īָ˻ȥͬһԺ֮ĬĬػһ졣
ü죬ĪӶվԺԼĸ
Īɽ򸾵ʱôģЩʱҲһЩĵڴ֮дո֡
˵˭ˣǺ׼ɻˣֻϲºҪֵ£еʱӵ˻ǹȥ
ȻѸߣҪĻҲɲˣɼһϣںܶϣܸһЩϵָġ
Īɽڴйһӣʮһʶϣ˫׵ʱǳմմϲҪЩʲôʱ򣬲Ҫλָ㣬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ת֮䣬µʱôȥˣĪɽ½ķǳԣԼҲоʣʱ䣬ԽԽˣĪɽҲˣĪӵĸʱҲһЩ
һϣĪӵķ𴲵ʱ򣬿Īɽ򸾲ûͬһĿվԺ֮еĪӿһۣĪ΢΢ҡҡͷһͬʱĪɽ򸾷֮в̫ȵĺ
ûдȥˣĪӵ߷ֱ߽˳ʼŵ緹ȵ緹֮ĪɽŴӷ֮˳Щ̫á
˿Ѿ׼õķˣĿˡĪӡȻû˵ֻǼ򵥵ϴһ֮󣬾˷ԡ
ҹЩˣЩĪӵĸ꣬΢ЩĿڣͬʱһϵķˣУȻתͷšĪӡ΢Ц˵
ζĺˣ
ĪɽһԵͷԷҲĵͷȻּһ˿Уƺⷹˣͦθڵġ
Ӧ۵ˣǽͶԵɣһԽȥϢ£
Īӡĸ׵һЩˣͬʱϸ˵
仰˵꣬һ԰ͷԷĪɽȴͻȻ˵֪ͨһǰɣЩӣһһ˰ɣ
˵仰ʱĪɽͷԷĶûͣ£ɻڴڵĳԷ˵Ҳǳƽ
ĪӡеĶͣһ£ȻͷӦһ
ãһ극Ҿȥ֪ͨǣ
ĻǺҲһ˰ɣܳʱ䲻ˣͦǵģҪǲоˣϾϣ·ȽԶĪӵĸʱҲһ¿ڡ
֪ˣ֪ͨģ
Īӡ˵ͷгԷĶһҲӿ˲٣Щ̻ˡ
һٷܿˣûĪɽʰ꣬ĪӡԼͰЩȫʰˣĪɽ򸾽ҲˣԹ֮˾ֻص˷䣬ʼϢûãоʹ˾ȵĺ
ʰ֮ĪӵķߵԺеĪӵǰǰԼźϴһ˿˿ڵ
ȥһˣǣ
ҪȰɣĪ΢΢ҡҡͷһӣ׹֮зɳʣֱԶȥ
ĪˣĪӵ߷˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôתƿԺž˳ȥֻǽȥʱûдſڵĳͷΪⲻȥǳȥ׼һ¶ϵ¡


ڰ˰ʮ 
ѵƻʱĪɽ򸾵СԺУԺ߼ɽϦ۾΢΢ţֻƵһ𣬾ôһûһš
ҵģˣǻûأѾЩˣĪӵĸЩͳ˵
Щˣʱر˯˴Ӿ壬һǰδеƣУҪ˯ȥ
ȴһһֱʱ˯˯ȥĻпܾͼŮһˡ
һԵĪɽԣƣڲɽϦ˵Ǿȱ˯ȵȥ˯ҪȻҹ˯ˣ
ľȻͬеЩܹ鲻رƣ
ĪӵĸĪɽĻҪӦһȴоƤرĳƺļֲסˣҪô˯ȥ
ʱͻȻоһִֻļϣΪ֮һرƣĸоһɨա
ȱ˯ٵһȣ̫ûɽأĪࡢĪǣܻһϤĶֻƽʱ˲١
Īӵĸ׻ĻعͷվԼģǸѾԵòϣЩĪӣҲ˳¶һ΢Ц
ãٵһȣҪǣ
Īӵĸ˵꣬ӸոתȥͻȻ뵽ʲôȻת˻Ī˵
Ӷﶼǰˣʱ򣬳ǿʣ￴ǰ𣿡
仰ûĪӻشһԵĪɽƺһҲ˾תĪ˵
԰ҲǰʲôˣҲҪˣþТģЩҲˣôǸˣָ㱾Ӱɣ
Īɽ˵֮վġĪӡ¶˷ǳ΢ЦȻ˵ͷĿ⿴Ժ֮еһ˵һ䣬á
һ䣬վԵġĪӡͻȻ֮ʧˣȡ֮˵ǰֵĪӵӰ
ݣƮȻʣһ˲䣬Īɽһ£Ҳ΢˻㱡
ţ˿ٵĻָ˹վĪӣĪɽڵӦ˵ӣǰһ㶼û䣡
Īӻߵ˵ߣȻվ˵󣬾ǸղšĪӡվλãȻ֣Īɽ򸾵ļϣôߵϦ
һֱȵƻ䣬̫׵ʧĵƽߣĪŽĪɽ򸾷ͻڣ˯¡
Ī߳ʱ򣬿վԺ֮УεһԼԼ¶һ΢ЦĪӽŲɵͣˣԼƬ֮Ҳ¶һĨЦݡ
ķȥ˯ɣ죬㻹вٵҪæأ
ĪӵĻ߷˵ͷֳΣ߽ƽʱסӡ
ԼķĶԻͷ·֮ĶԻ
һҹ޻µһܿˣȴһ죬ϲû̫ƣ·ʱһ㡣
Īӡ߳ԼӣվԺеĪӣûж˵ʲôֱߵȥ緹Ȼ߳Ժӡ
ֵ˴Լʱ֮ĪӶõ緹߽Īɽ򸾵ķ䣬ʱҲˣЩѵش·
Īǰһ֣Ȼ˳Թ緹ԺС
ԺУ̧ͷһգĪɽ΢΢̾һҪˣǻʱ·Ӧòߣ
ֲǣûʲôӰ죬ûĻܻģǻвٵĺӻûϴһ£ܻŵӣĪӵĸ׶Īɽ˵˵ʱ̲סָһԼͷ
ʱ侫̫ãͷûô΢ԵЩҡ
ĪӼ״ڵԵһ£
˵꣬Ī̶ˮĪɽ
һϴ֮ĪӣԼĸͷǳᣬȻǰĸ׿ڵ
ӶЩˣһֱǵߣ
˵࣡Ī仰еĶûͣĸĸͷԵ÷ǳϸ
仰û˵ֻǷֳһһֱºӹ壬չԼĸĸȻӱ˵Ҳչˣ˵֣Щ̸ϡ
ȷˣн죬ⶼǶ㣬ڵ£ӲźùҲֳǺܹϢĪңҲ֦ܿɢҶĸ˵˵ЩƮͷ·ڻ
ĪӵĶȻûͣϸĸĸͷҲʣʱ䲻ˣĪӷڽԼͷʱĸ׵˲ٵͷ
ĪҪжٵƣ۶ٵĵУܳôһλӵܣЩʱ룬оһоһһӣȻôĸ
ĪеĶͣˣеӷһԣָĸͷٵ̳һ١
ⱲôĸѾˣһ޲֣Ҷãã
Īӵĸ׻ڼ˵ţֻ˵ѾС˺ܶࡣ
ĪɽһԽ΢΢˿Ȼ۾Īĸ׵Ļ¶һĨЦݡ
ʱĪѾоˣĪѾӰأڿٵºӹ߹е˲٣ҵĽŲȽϼ
Ƭ̵Ĺºӹ⣬ѾĽŲȻԺ͵ıƿˣĪӰȳ˽ģĪӰ
˽ʱܼǵȵ֮󣬿վĪɽĪӣĿǵĪɽ򸾣ǵĶŻˣֻǻߵĪɽ򸾵ߣĪһ֮󣬲Ŀڵ
ǻˣ
ãͺãĪɽ򸾿ǰĪĪץס˵֣һԶŮǵߡ
ʱĪãʼ½ĴԺ˽һСԺӣȵ˶֮վģΪĲǣǵӡ
֮⣬ҲˣǺڵ˻ûе
ģĪӵķ߽֮󣬶Īӵ˵ͷȻͰվһߣûô˵
ĪĬĬԺȥԺʱ䣬ø˸ոոϻĪĪˣǼһʱˣĪɽ򸾣лҪ˵
Ī߳Ժ֮ûã͸оһռ䲨ȻͿǺԼˣ˲Լǰ
ˣĪûǣǶ˹֣ǹ˱ʾ˸лȻŶ˵ȥɣ
߽Ժ֮ĪվԺ⣬ǶԺдȴһĪɽŮĽҲúԼģ
һֱŵ죬µΣ˵ϣĪʱҲоĪɽ˵Ԫ׵ߵ˾ͷ


ڰ˰ʮһ 
Īɽߵúܰ꣬ҲǳĴݡ
Ԫߵͷ֮ǰиýһУѾŮˣ˵Ҫ˵ĻҲѾ˵ˡ
ǰãѾһЩǼĴ࣬Ҳˡ
ߵʱҲûܵ㲡ʹĥ޲ֵĹһĪӵķ£ҲԼݣŮǰ档
ܲžĴ꣬Īɽյһ̿ʼӰؽʱͶǴꡣ
һЩӰصߣΪ΢еЩƣͼıһȴóֶ֮󣬸˿Ӱ첻죬һ֪Ĵ겻򵥣ûٸҽųˡ
ºӹǸСԺ֮У˿ѾãһʱȥΧʮ磬˶ǰ죬ú͸ǱߣйԱǰ졣
֮⣬кܶԶıͣһ󲿷֣ĪҵݣϾĪҲǿ֦ɢҶˣŮȢ׻߼ˣݹϵ׼ҵĳȻҪһ¡
ĪࡢĪԼĪһЩȽϽܳӵܣƾǸԵӰҲһЩǰ˾͸ˡ
ĪӵѲ̫࣬ĲûмÿһأֻǶȽϵ͵תһȦ֮󣬺ĪӼ򵥵˵һ䣬ֱ뿪ˡ
Ҳ˴Ϊǰ죬հȻûǣҲһ󱲴Ϊǰ
һȥºӹʮЩգһμʱǰ˾Ȼô࣬ﲻҾǴǲò̾Īʢ
ڵ˳һ죬Īɽ򸾵ĹײģǸСԺ֮б̧˳ĪҵӵܣȫͷĿǰĪӣںõķصء
ĪӽŲ̤Ժӵһֹ̣꣬ͣˣͷƻûɢȥɸһֱѹֵķΧ
ĪӵĪĪ΢΢ĵͷԼֳһһǰţûã˾Ѿںõķصء
ºӹĪңһֱһƬصصģÿ֮е϶ĪɽҲû⣬ͬҲ
Īͣ˽Ųͷһ۹ײģȻŲߵһԡ
Щ̧Źײĵˣʱһǰؽײķ£Ȼպƽϰ׺̣ײ뵽ĹѨ֮С
Ȼ˼꣬ĹѨ֮вûлˮЩϸڣǰǵˡ
ĪӾվһĬĬĿţײĹѨȻΧ˶ȥ˽һµݵĪӵС
£ĪӴӵϲ˵һȻ䵹ĹѨ֮Уţתе½ԼǾ߷С
ԭҪ佻ߵĪģĪȴûˣҲûʲô⣬Ϊֻ൱ڰ»ԼĪԼ
ĪӵķӹĪе£ͬĪһӵϲĹѨ֮С
֮²ŽĪĪͿʼظղŵĶ֮Ī֮Ī꣬Ȼٲϵ´
ȵеֱϵӵܣȫ֮ΧЩһͬǰʼٵĽ뵽ĹѨС
˵ĶĹѨܿͱˣУĪûô֣վһĬĬĿš
ȵ˵Ķ֮ͣĪĿԼķ£վǰ·صķĪƽĿڵ
ҵķôչ˸ĸ΢Щһˣ㻹ºӹ壬Լ£
ĪӵĻݺķعͷ΢΢ҡҡͷķνı仯ֻЩиѣվ㰡
ѾˣҵĴҲûˣҲûбҪվֻǸѣ
仰˵꣬¶һ΢ЦȻ£Ųǰӿ·ء
ͬͨũһƽʣ΢΢һЩ仯Ҳһ˲䣬·øӲһЩ
ǰ˼ͷó׵İˣòҲĸӲϣҲһнľˡ
ȻǱˮ֣գ֮䣬͸һָɿݸ֮Уţıøɿݣͬʧȥˮֵһ㣬һĻҳȻֱɢ
ЩɢĻҳǳ׼ȷƮɢ·ϣָ·ظһǳ
߷ɢͬʱĪҲջ߷ϵһԪͷȻϢһ˲䲨һ£Ȼ֮һȴĪӲѹ
ΪͻȻС˶ʱĿͶĪӣĪȴûкǽʲôҲʲô
߷ɢ֮ĪջԼһԪͷһ˲䣬Щ̲סͻΪ
Ī֪ʲôʱԼҪͻΪûʲô⣬ڽ죬ϣȴ΢Щ̫ʡ
ѹסԼϢ֮ĪӸһ˽̣һȺٴλصǸСԺĪҵˣһЩԶıߣͲǽˡ
ҹһֱ˺üƣڵɢˣǹҹ֮г֣Ե÷䡣
ĪҵСԺУĪӺĪࡢĪһ𣬿Ե΢ЩСԺĪȿ˵
һȥԺûˣʱ䳤ˣ»ķϵ
˵仰ʱĪ֮дŸпҲСˣͬҲŮȺǰСԺȴ̫ʱļ䣬Ȼ˵СʱһЩ仯Щ仯վ󣬻صɻоġ
ĪһԣҲ΢ЩڵĪ࣬ҲǰļңôҲʱ
ҲѾ䲻СˣÿһλصСԺУĸĸɻӣԺٻصûٻˡ
˵ͣ˵ӣ˵ȥоЩ߳ܣԽԽˣԽԽˣŻ֪Ще
İɣﲻķϵģԺ÷۵ĵӣᾭɨҲעⱣȻԺסĻãĪӿˣƽ˵
ɣлĻԺģĪĪӵĻص˵ͷ˵
ڻЩ뷨ϾǴ߳ȥģڰټѧ֮УѾһĵλССºӹ壬Ĺ硣
ĸŮ֮һߣĸޣҲĪʶٹʮ꣬ԼҲߵͷҲ˼Ҷ˼
Īԣص˵ͷȻ黹ЩˣտڵѾޣʵҲ̫ģǵ֮£аţպ󻹻֮գúùԼӰɣ


ڰ˰ʮ ͻƴ
Īɽ򸾵ºܿʹˣ̸֮ĪĪûҲ뿪ˣô׵Ľˡ
ֻε֮Ժºӹ壬Īӿܺٻˣڴϣһĵط
ĪҵЩӵܣҲε֮УʶĪӣЩͱȽСģǲ֪ԭϼߣǸһֱܺĳĪԭһˣԼһһλͨĳ
ºӹЩʱҲ֪Īɽǰû˵ѻߵĺ꣬ȷλͨĴӣλͨˣȻǳϦദô꣬û˷Ĳ
ڱ˵Īɽ򸾵ѾˣĪ˵һЩҪȥ죬䣬ŵģԶˣҪһڤ
ĪӵȻǼϵģĪҪֵĳŵҲҪֻҪȥظһ˾Ϳˡ
εг̺˳Īȥһ˵ظ֮˵⣬ڵظµǨʾϣȫһд
ĪҲע⵽֪֮䣬ǨΪѾﵽ˽ɾ磬ǨĴҲǱȽεġ
ڸĸ뷷⣬Ѫĺͬһʱ䣬ҪԵȴһЩʱ䣬ĪҲûļٴλصӰء
ɽϣĪ÷£Χûκε쳣ȴһĪĸУ·Īǰʮ׵ķΧΧطء
Īӣ˿ϵϢѾſˣɽϵˣȴ˿ûиоĪǿϢԹԵԼ飬ѧϰѧϰ
ΨһܹоĪϢı仯ģܾĪߵ÷ˣΪǾĪ߲Զĵط
ĪϵϢϵ÷ƺܵһЩӰ죬ϵ΢ţͬʯɵҶҡεĹУ϶Ʈ䵽ϡ
̿ȻͬҲǳۣ۵˵ͻסоһĪζܹһЩ
ģĪӣϵϢԽԽǿ˵ϣҲһɫĹâ÷ҲС
һ̣Īӷ·Լ÷Ϊһ壬ַǳȻĸоһ˵ĺгζ
ĪΧʮףѾȫâˣһΧ֮󣬹âȻɺǿȴûټ紫֡
ڵλ÷ۣ÷÷۵ҪԲԶʱ÷Աһɽˣȴûз˿û̧ͷ߿һۣ·һе쳣һ㡣
ҺʶĶ÷ߣ÷ĴڣҲʶĲὫĿͶǱߣ߲Զ顣
һУȻǺĪйأѡص÷ͻƣΪ˲̫עĿĪӲſһЩֶΣ˲ע⵽Լ
һƬɫĹâܿͷ˱仯â΢һЩܹԼ÷ˣ÷·ԭأ·һƬޱˮֻзԲʮ׵ĴСɿȴ·ޱ޼ʵġ
ı仯ڼܿâһεԳĪӵӰ˿Ƭޱˮ룬·ҲСһ㣬ӳΧľ·ŴһƬء
£Ƭޱˮ򲨹Եģͺţˮϣܹˮ·ӫ⣬ˮ澧Ө͸ģɷƯ
÷ƺһھţȻĵطػһƬޱˮ򣬵ĵطܹṩ֣ø졣
һһѾ̶Ļеľﲻرķḻеľ·̺޵ĵϣܹס˵Ŀ⡣
ľ֮УĪǲǵϢѾڲ֪֮䱻˺ˣϢҲ˿ûдʮ׵ĵطȫΧڣľҲСС
֪˶ãƬСеĪӣԼ˫ۡ
۵һ̣˫֮з·޾ǿתƺһƬޱˮ޾䡣
Ҳ۵һ̣ߵһо𽥵Ŀʼ仯Ǹղųޱˮ˲Ϣ֮»ɽأΧĹâɢ÷Ҳָ˸ղŵģߵû˿ı仯ƺղŵֻһֻþѡ
ϸ۲Ļͻᷢ÷͸ղȵȷǲͬˣ̺ĵϣѾȻɣøӲˡ
ͻˣ
Īӿһ䣬Ȼ󻺻վ򵥵ĶϵϢָͨòôۡ
תĪӿ÷ָһ÷¶һĨЦ⡣
ԼͻƣȻ÷˲ٵĺôһ˺ܶ࣬ҲĪѡص÷ͻΪԭ
һΪͻƽɾʱ촦ɽȣʱһΪͻƣմȾ˼ֵϣüɢƽһݻԵҲĪӵʱһͻƣҪص÷÷µ뷨Ҳ뷨ʵʩˡ
ջԼƣĪһӣ÷ΧԲʮµֶΣͱƳˡ
Īתһ÷ȥԼΪ˳µͻˣϵı仯СҪʱ΢һ£һԼ
̤뵽˴ߵľ磬һȫµĽ׶Σ׶Σڴ֮;ϣնȫԼĵ·ǰߵĽ׶Ρ
Ī֮ǰѾ׶˲ٵ˽⣬ڴ߾֮ԼμҲͬһЩ뷨Ϊﵽ˴߾֮󣬲ܷ֮Ĳͬڴ߾μǰߣҪµһ¡
Ī׼ʱϤһԼͻƵ߾֮ı仯֮ϣȴһЩˣһ˫ۡ
ĪͻƵʱ򣬿Լûֳ̫ĶԼͻƴ߾ʱûע⵽Լ
߾֮󣬶֮һλߣоˡ
Ĳ˵˵ʱ䳤֮УЩɢŽ飬ܹӳһ㡣
ǲ֪˭飬ԭĸ߶Ȳϵϣһֱﵽʱ䳤ϷȽϸߵλãǳɾ˴ߡ
ȻĪԼΪߵĶϾ̲һԼѾΪߵʵԣǱ˲ˣȻҲûпйء
ͥУڸоͻ˴ߵľ֮ϸĸӦ˺ܾãȷϣλµĴߣһģԼʶȻһֱͺܿõĪӡ
һ֮ǲɵöһĨЦ⣬ȷµĴһǿ߾ѾˣĪӣиһ˿ϲ


ڰ˰ʮ ܱ仯
ߵľ磬ĪʵİѾһЩ߽ˣ֮еĶǿʱ֮
ɾ֮ǰĪٶ˽⣬׶ָ֮оǲͬġ
ӽɾڣһֱﵽߵľ磬Īȥʱ䣬Ӧĵ·ĵʱģȻһ֮Ҳȫأͬն
÷УĪϸĸԼΪ֮һб仯ĺͽɾ磬ȫһֽȻͬĸо
һ㲻ͬһֳѸС
ڽɾ֮ǰʼһڲϵŵģһϣתĹ򣬴ﵽһϵĳ̶ȡ
ڵһʱ֮䣬·ѾΪһ壬Ͷ㣬һ˺һ֮С
˽ɾ֮󣬴˺һ֮֮ϣֱһεİθߣִ˺һĸо֮Уѳ
˴һֳ֮֮Уͱ÷ǳԡ
ĪһָоԼƺѾܹ뿪ⷽˣͻصƣǰ޾գȥ̽
ԼҲܹоʱ䳤֮УԼ飬ܹԼ飬ʱ䳤֮Ϻܺõ
ҲͨԼ飬ʱ䳤ӵתܹ΢΢͸һЩʱ䳤ӵδܻᷢıɽһǣҲܹңԶţЩ飬˽ʱ䳤֮еЩ¡
ֻĿӣкܴƵģֻܿһķΧҪ˽ʱԽ˽ԽҪôܹĿԾԽС
˴ߵľ֮Ī֮ҲһԱȽԲĳ̶ȣ֮ǰǳ֮ˮľ֮ͨͨɳĵ
ִع֮еԻûʲôҲܹܹͨԼ֮ﵽĵܹɵĿġ
˵һˮͬһȼգľͷͬˮȥЩֻܹûǸҪѡ
Լϵֱ仯ĪӶڴ֣ʱ˸̵ʶ
Ȼܣǵܡ֣Ѿܹ˵ˣ֮飬߶ܹڤڤ֮еĴƺѾԶˡ
÷УĪ߳˷ţվ÷ǰĿ·ɽϵЩӡ
Լľ磬Ѿ׵Ϥ͹ˣ̲ûлʱ䣬Ҳûܵ˿Ĵš
ڵΪʵոͻƴ߾ˣҪ΢ǿһЩΪΪͻ֮ĪӵԪ«УҲ΢һЩĪΪոͻƣѾһЩ
ĪӵԪ«УѾʮһΪӽɾڣߵľ磬ʵ̫ˣԲܹһԴ
µĪ˵Ȼһֺ£ϣԪ«е͵ô졣
ѾΪ˴ߣһĪӾҪ컯ľ緢ˣԪ«ĪӾãԼܹͻ컯ĹؼԼ˴߾ĶʱƾԪ«ʱķ̤ǹؼһš
÷վƬ̣ĪӿӰɽ»ûã÷ۣߵĪӵߣĪһ
ʦºӹǱߵԺӣѾָԭÿһʱ䣬ͻȥɨϵλҲаţ
˵⼸仰͹վȴĪӽķԸ
Īԣص˵ͷͿˣҲҪȥ̫ڣֻҪΪʦţöϵ˾У
ף
˻شĪҲûټ⣬תͷ˵ΪҲҪˣ÷ߣûɫһʵĽӰˣ
ڵΪҲﵽ˴ڣҪ˶ãӦöˡ
ٶȣǡˣȻǲһأڴϣʵҲǱȽٶȣٶȻҪ첻١
ҲҪٶɹ֣ɾԪˣʱ÷۾ҪһλµĽߣ÷۵ĵͳȥѡһˣ÷˵ҲǺѣµĵ֮Уܹʵѡġ
Ȼٴο˵Ѿѡˣڵ뿪֮÷ֻۣǵѡ֮еһʱ仹ԥ
˶;ȷһɣϣҲӣͬҲò̫ģ÷۵ĴУûô׳⣬Լ⣬Ĵ󵨵ȥǣĪӶЦ
ղ˵˼޷ʵĵ֮Уѡʺϼ̳÷۹ģԴˣֵķǳء
ϣһЩûʲô⣬ΪѡһʵĹпӰ쵽ͳĴС
÷ۣҲòôأĪΪѾͻƴ߾磬µĵӣΪҲڲϵԺܹʱصϵˣֻԽԽ࣬ͻȻ֮һФӣ˹֮λҪЩ۶ӣҲһѶĴ顣
ˣἰȷ£ҲĪӵ˼֪ԼҵţѾԽԽˡ
úʱԷĴһЩΪʦʱῴģԲ£һ÷һι飬Īֶһ䡣
ˣĪӿܻԷ֮ʱҪܵСһЩǶĪֻӴһЩΪСĽ̬ͲȱӦøһЩ
ңĪӻ׵ĸʱõģԼῴģ͸װ׵ĸģһ֣Ӧûκˡ
ʵɹҲٸһģһоѾˡ
лʦһɹֵģᶨĵ˵ͷ
ţΪʦ㣡ĪӵͷЦ
˵仰ĪҲȥ⣬ˣһԾϢĴһռѷ졣
ĪӽŲǰһռѷ֮Уͬʱ˵
ΪʦΪͻƣûȥһһǶ֮ϵģʦͽˣ´ξ֮ϼɣ
һ䣬ĪӵӰ׵ʧֻվĶĪ˵
ӹʦȻʦ
ֱӣѾʧĪӣвеһ˿ů⡣
ΪĪĵӣĪӵĽ̵˵ҲģĹ÷۵ġľԪ
ԴΪ״֮ĪʦģܵĶҲһͬʣȻҲûвǰĽ̵òĵ飬ĪͬҲĵˡ
֪ΪԼĪΪͻ֮󣬾Ͳ÷¶վôһˣվһĿģһԼԼڶ֣г׵ġ


ڰ˰ʮ һнԿ
ƺƺûһͬģַ·ԶããһƬֵ
վԼĵ֮УĪӸоԼγȥʱǺܳȴָоһȥ˺ܾãҲǺܶ࣬˷·Ҳһ˿ɣ
ȥһΣȴ˲ٵ뿪ļλͣĿǳ׵ʧ֮䣬ֻ˼ʯΪڹĺۼ
֮ȥˡѪĺһ̣λ¸صϽӴ뿪սȻʼԼµ;
ĵĹУԼĺհףϵģ֪ԼĺѣҲڲ֮ޣȻ֮Уͬ˻ҲƺûжʱˣҲ뿪
ĪӻصԼĵطԼĸĸҲߵ˾ͷǵ£һж׵֮ȻŻ
ƺֻô࣬̿ݣǾǡͱ𡱣ֻͱ͵
ԼϤˣߵͷɵвһ˿ɣУҲɵ˲̾ʱ顣
Ⲣһʱ䣬ҲǺܷḻһξȴĪӺܶڻص˵֮󣬲һֻȻ֮䣬ԼѾȥ˺ܳʱĸо
ĪӣھЩ֮Ϊ̤һµĽ׶ΣΪһλĴߡ
ΪһλĴߣ֮䣬ûκ˿ԺĪӵĴڣһֱʱ֮ӴҲʧˡ
¶ԷһλĴߣֻҪ֮ͬУĪӾ˿ηԷҲҲõĶԷԼԼԪ«
ĪڴԷһγ֣ΪǸʱ򣬲ǶԷԼôԼҶԷˡ
뵽ЩվԼеĪӣ̺˲١
ͷһԼ֮еСռ䣬Ī̾һȻŲǰ̤ǰ˼֮䣬Ӱ黯ܿȫʧ
ȵĪӳֵʱѾͥǰֱӾ˽ȥ
߽ĪӾͿͥſڵǼλ͵ʯ񣬽Ų΢΢ͣһ£Ȼּǰȥ
ĪӸջãͥߣȻģǳҪϵ
ĪĹԪˮ¼֮䶥ĹŹԼƵģ֮ǳϣ°빦
ĪӵġԪˮ¼ľ磬ûʲôˣõǰ󣬻ǽõЩοΪ˴߾֮ݣûжἰ
Ȼ˵Ϊ˴߾֮󣬽֮·նȫԼˣɵһ֮ǷһЩԲοһ㻹ǱȽҪġ
Īӻص֮󣬶ڽϸ˼죬õ׶ΣûйѭӦҲһЩ֮Уصָ׼ͥ߿ģһ
Ī뵽Ľ̲ϾҲһλصĴߣӦܹԼһָ㣬ȻõĹͨ飬ֻ̣ⲻԼͿԵġ
Ī׼ȥ̲ʱĶͻȻһȻŲһ٣һֱӱͥߴ
ǰӰȶĿƵؿԼ
ǰĪӿԼǰ飬ûиҺͶԷд󣬻ǳƺԷΪǰ
ϾԼͬҲǶаʱ֮ϣ˶ԷȣĪӲŴա
Գƺһѣƺǰˣ鿴Īӣֱӿ˵
˵仰֮Īӿڣ˵ͥǲһ´߾֮ҿûд߾֮Բο
ȷΪ˶ոͻƵ߾磬һߣǶЩĪʵĵͷ˵
һ˵ţĪһǰȥߣȻ£һ̵ı顣
¶һĨЦݣȻſڵͻƴ߾֮ʱʵҲһԽӦиеЩãǸʱҺѡֻ࣬ҵʱȥģĸţһ
˵仰֮齫һֻ̯ȻУ˼öǳµȻͽݵĪӵǰĪ˵
ȿЩȿ֮ٺ˵
ĪֽӹЩ⼸öŷǳµĪӽӵеһ̣Ӹо⼸öĲ
Ϊֵֻ֣̺ϣĪӸоԼеģƵһֵͳС
һöĪӽʶ̽УʼĶݣֻǿͷĪһΪ֮صģȻʼŵĴйʼɵ
Уνŵ֮أǽɾǿߣҲ׵Ŀ弸ŵĹĪԼҲʹùһЩ̫ĴйҴ඼ǲȱȫ֣ûеõĹ
ϸһ룬Ϊ˴ߵľ磬õЩʵҲûжôˣοһ£ݸ˲ͬοļֵ׶ⶼЩ̫˵ġ
ĪӽеݴͷβĶһ飬ջʶ֮Ŀ⿴飬ʾĪӣ֮еݡ
ԷˣĪһöȻʼĶеݣһö֮УͬҲһŴУ̫̫񹬡
ĪһöݲϣһǴŵĴС
⼸öȫĶ֮ĪӷһöʱɫѾ͸ղŲͬˣĿ֮¶һЩ˼֮ɫ
Īӿ⼸ö֮еݣһ֮䶥ĴУеݶǳľǵ˴߾磬ŹصݣȴʼһЩͬ
һֵĹڴ߾磬ûʲôֻǼ򵥵ļ仰ѣҲָ˷򣬶һֹЩͬ˴߾֮ɺͬҲָǰ·
ֹڴ߾֮еĲͬĪӸоǳĹ죬ϸ˼ȴַһЩߣ֮䣬Ҳû̫Ĳͬ
˼ĪӣһԵ飬ʱڿˡ
֮;˴һμǰߣȫȡڸˣ·ֻԼ٣ڴߵľ磬ҪĻǾԼƳòҪҪĹҲûʲôڵıҪ
һȡ㣬ûеӰ죬Ҳȡ㣬֮£һнԿɣͬ
Ī⼸仰ղŵ⼸Ź˴߾磬ǰ·ҪԼпٵ塣
ͬ˵һжȡԼΪӦģԼĵ


ڰ˰ʮ 컯
ھָ֮ĪӶڴ߾֮Ĺ⣬ˣͬʱΪЩԼӦôĪҲѾ⡣
飬һ㱡ϣû֮ͨǰܻһ⣬֪֮˲ͻȻʡ
Ȼûָ£ƾԼҪʶһ㣬Ҳһ׵¡
лǰָ㣬ˣĪվĶһ񣬸лԼָ㡣
Ҳ󷽷һȻһӣͽóЩȫ˻ȥ
ЩϵŵĴУȻ˴߾磬Ѿû̫ôˣҲܹ׵й¶ȥ
ǰЩй¶ȥĻ飬ҲҪһģԶţҪ䱣ܺá
˵ĪߣҲҪʲôĪԼ֪Ҳǵ
⼸ö֮ٴʾĪȻڵ
ΪٶȣԶԶҵԤϣ֮䣬ܹ֮;ܣ˵ܹΪµĶߣҲͷˣ
仰˵꣬ĪͻȻһ黰޵˼Էֿͷ·иΡ
ǰ˼ǣĪ˼һ֮ʵ
ԣ鵭һЦ֮󿪿ڵʮǰ̫ɾ컯Ϊ˳̫֮⣬֮䵮ĵλ컯棬ƣҲĵλ֮ϰθһأĽ
黰˵Īע⵽֮УƺȷмĽжʱµҪ˵Ļ
ʱ䣬֮·֮ãҴﵽ߾֮ͬҲ֮ˣ磬ֹǰʱ̫ˣʱóǰһˣ컯棬ܳɣΪβܣ
仰һڣϵϢһ˲ſһ˿ڶ͸¶һźͰ
Ϊ֮еĶߣɵʱ磬ţ֮УΨһš
ˣ֮Ҳżߵ֮ϣﵽ컯ǿ֮һ
һλ컯棬һܹɵĿܣҪ
ڣѾԼ뷨׼ҪһˣƾԼʵ̤뵽컯֮С
ĪӾãҪһĻɹĿԺܴ󣬱ϾڶߵľУѾͣ˺ܳʱˣѾ۳ˣǰ·ͬҲ˽ˡ
뵱ɵ֮ǰǺ̹־ĪӵĽ̸̤컯Ĺؼ
ĲѾȫ˳ɾ컯ʸ񣬵ܷɹҪʵ˵
컯֮󣬲ܳɹܻʱһλߣһڶʱǸ⣬ҲǺء
ֻףԸǰɹ̤컯Ϊµ컯棡Īӿ˵
ĵͷȻֿ˵̫ɵλ컯棬壬ҲסˣλߣҲ컯磬ڽһʱУ壬߿ֿܶȱ
Ī仰뵽֮ǰλߣֶԸʱ֮񣬿ܾǶʱ֣Ǳ˴һĬ˻һͬ컯磬Ҳһƽ⡣
ѾǴˣȥǰֻ̫ʣ㻹ûȥǰƽͶ࿴һЩҪֵ߳ʱÿ¶棡ڽһ¸嶥߶Ὺʼ컯ֽ֮ŶĪ
֮ǰĪӺ̲ȥǰֻǼ飬ȻûдӦֻ˵һЩʱ䣬˼ǻȥģѾǴߣͲҪȥǰߣֻҪƽʱһЩҪֵʱټʱϵ־Ϳˡ
Ĵߣһ϶ôģƽʱֻǹעս˱ҪʱŻ֡
ţӦˣĪӵͷӦ
Ҫ£Ϳ뿪ˣĪӴӦ֮ͺ׼Ϳˡ
ĪеȷûʲôˣǱǡ
뿪ĵ֮ĪӲûֱӻȥǼȥ̲һ棬̲оһĨ⣬ЦŶĪ˵
Ȼͻ˴߾磡
ĪԣֻЦҲûڶԷǰǫ顣
ΪѾͻ˴ߵľ磬ȫҪκεǫ֮ԣΪⲻǽһþܹ쵽ģΪˣǾԼǫ
Ѿʦˣú˵ģʦˣ
ţԭ̵һЩϵ⣬û뵽ܹõǰָ㣬Ҵջ⣬ǰҪһ뷨ҲѾ˵ˣĪӿ˵
ʦΪ˶꣬Ҳõһʱ򣬶λͬҲ컯緢֮£Խһʱ䣬֮ĦܻȽƵĪעһ£̲Īô˵ɫ΢΢һЩĪ˵
Դɾʹ֮Ȼû֮ͥеĴС̲ƽ︺ԽԽˣԹϵĦ⣬ҪĪ˵һ
ǰ֮ǰҲҽˣһʱŵģĪӵͷ
̲ĪӵĻҲû˵ʲôһʱ֮䣬˵˳ĬƬ֮󣬻Īת˻⣬ŴݳĬ
̵ѣЩ棬ΪѾʲô̶ȣ
Īʳ⣬ȻĿͿ̲ȴĻش
̲ӦĪʶ֮У֮·ΪʵһˣԼ֪Լĵ·һЩȽϤˣҲ֪ĵ·Ӧôߡ
ԴµĵǮ̲֮ǰ·ϵϰͻѾɨ߰˰ˣ⼸ʮ徳ڣ̲ĵǮѾΪ֮ͨĻң˵ûͨ壬ûа취ȫõϿɣҪԭֻΪ岻̲ô׳ɵѡ
;ʣЩߵֱȽ˳Īӻĺ֪̲ΪѾʲô̶ȡ
ĪеĲ²⣬̲Ǵ߾ڣпѾ˺ڣպе壬ͬĵǮ֮пܳΪ컯档
Īӵ⣬̲ɫ糣Īӵ֮ŻĿڵ
ӦãǴ߾ڰɣ
˵仰̲ĪЩصһЦ⡣
ڣʱܹͻƴ߾ڰɣ̲飬ĪӲɵ
ͬʱĪҲһ˿ǾΪʲôҪԼЩίε˼ǽν̲ʦͽϵˡ
Ϊǰ̲ĵ;ѾʣպͬҪ컯ģֻǼ̳λãѾ̲׷ˣΪ컯棬̲׷


ڰ˰ʮ  
̸̲ĪӾٴ뿪ͥصԼĵ
ص֮ĵһ飬ĪӿʼԼ˽һݡ
ԼġԪˮ¼ĪѾ֪˽ӦƣҲǼŵĴйЩΪοĪӺ׵ľơԪˮ¼һ
ͬʱĪӻĶãһֵעעսԼϵһЩ
Ϊڵ˴߾֮Ī֮ĸӦһαǿˣֻҪĪ֪ģͨ飬ֻҪһܹ֪֮ȽҪ飬ҲǰӦ
ͬģĪ񼸺Կ֮ĵطԼĵȫԿǿ֮еսֻǿĵطԽԶľͻ΢һЩ
ĪԼĹУϵĻʳ񶼣ھһ뷷䣬ѪĺģձΪƷ飬źǰһͬҲѪĺ
ֵһǣ뷷֮Уİ֣Īɽ򸾡
ǲͬΪˣڶ뷷ʱ̸һĹʱһƬհ׵ģֱһʴûж̸ʲô
ȻҲǻʳĹԱҲǺĵطţĪ뷷Ϊ飬Ȼܴ顣
ֻŸոðͷʧˣΪЩĹԱ֪˵뷷⣬ȻѾɾ컯̫棬Խ飬λ顣
Īɽ򸾵λնﵽƷ൱ڴʿڴϣҲǸˣһӶûк˶֣ǳΪ飬ܹӳʵ»Ҫһʺš
λǼƷһ㲢̫ҪҪ˳֮ţĪһıõģҲרŸԼĸĸ׼š
š
˵ţƷ飬Ȼûа취ոٵȨΪţҲǸټ߱һصȨ
֮䣬Ƕ˳ߣ˼˱ʾԮֵ֮ģȴ٣úˡ
ȨĪӻϾͲԼĸĸڲ֮󣬻رΣˣȨԼİбܹ֤˳֮
ܹõȨҲг˲ٵһҲô˳
ڣĪɽ򸾺Ķոյõ뷷⣬Ѿǰڤ֮У׼ǵ򣬿Ҫ֮ǲܳ߶
սʱҲȽϼңΪһԭĸֻֽԭµĸֶͦģñ˴˽ֵʱ򣬱һĿƣûôֵ߳ĳ̶ȣʱ䣬Īӻܹȵؼƹ
ֻˣϧ
һöĪ֮΢һĨź
һʱ䣬ڡԪˮ¼ڴ߾ĪѾˣҽ¼е֮УĪӶԼĳɹȴر⡣
Ԫˮ¼һŽ֮ĹĪƾŹԼ춨˲ٵƣԼΪͬǿ֮еٮٮߣͬĶܹеùԼ
ϧ˴׶ΣĪ̳еǰѾû˺ݣ֮ǰݽеݽټϴηļŶ⹦ĲοĪܾƺ˼
֪ԼĹôһ˼ĪҲûʲô취ˣʱûǰĹٸοˣֻܽһܴڵȱݡ
ĪӶڡԪˮ¼˴߾ջǴ˾ΪĪǰ񻰴˵УЩֱָĹġ
Ȼǰ񻰴˵УĪҲΪڴ߽׶ΣͬӦĹǾʹ˾
ڷתĪӽеöԺҪ÷۵ӵġ
ö֮ĪͻȻ·оʲôĿ·ͺǿ·ޱƺʵϣĪӵĿȴѾ䵽˴ϣӰǱߡ
һƬտĵش֮УĪӿӰɫվƬյص룬̧ͷա
ͷգ˿һƬ˸еѹֵƣɢһֲϢ
ڸԶв÷۵ĵվΧһ߾ţһЩǵĿԶһЩɢǿߣԶԶڹۿ
һ棬Ѿˣڶ֡
ֵʱ䣬ҪĪԭԤڵĿһЩΪӴϻҲһʱ䣬ԸʱȷЩҲΪĪӶ˵ЩȫȥˣԲŻ˿Ŀʼ֡
ĪĿעУĵһַһɫģ̺ŨŨĺķ磬ǷбȽϳһַ磬ǺǿΪθˡ
ʵӦһ֣ȻǷǳ򵥵ģ׾ٵľͽ䵲סˡ
ţڶ£ɫֵɫ̺һܹרꡣ
ҲѶԸӦͬɡ
ü֣ʼԽԽǿӦģֱʣֵʱ̺ǿо˲СѹԼı˳Žֿס
ȵֽ֮ʹ˷ֵֶطĻѹ£һ
ԶЩۿֵˣڿһĻ֮ɢж¶ĽͿ֮ɫ
÷۵ķֶطһǷǳ۲ģϧ÷۵ʵһҲֻ۲һˡ
÷ۿѾλˣ⻹ֻӰ÷ߣ˵÷ںݻһ֧ͬҲ˼λˣ÷۵Ŀ֮棬֮ϣƺҲ˲õ׫ġ÷ǲٵҲ
ۿɶɹ˷֣ЩٹЩ꣬÷Ҫһλˡ
ߣԼɹ˷֮Ҳ൱Լķ֣𵱳Ǻ֣ڵˣҪ˲٣ӦûôѣڽҪԵĻֺ֣Ҳ˸ġ
Լķ׼ת뿪ʱĽŲͻȻ΢΢һ٣̧ͷգȻ¶һĨЦݣչһݡ
߸ոտЩӣ΢ЩͷԣǲѯʣѾת뿪ˣҲûѯʵĻᡣ
ֻǿϵı飬ƺȸղŸˣӦòʲô¡
ʵҲȻǻ¶Ϊתһ̣ĶĪӵһ΢ףһ
һ֤Īʦģ֮ͬǰ˵һֵʱ򣬻֮Ͽġ
ԼеĪӣ˿ҲͬЦݣ֪ԼӣɾԪҲʮþˡ


ڰ˰ʮ ܵһս
Լ֮Īڴ߾²죬ֻǵԼ²֮Īӷ֮ǰĹһԼƵĹȷһЩ΢С覴á
˵覴ãʵҲЩƲϣֻ֮ǰġԪˮ¼ڴ߾ĹҲûⷽơ
һ΢С覴ãûпֲģĪҲֻܰԼƵĹˣϾ߾磬Լٵ·λüǰߡ
޹иأ֮ߡ
峿Īӵĵ֮Ужһοʼˡ
жĵһ֮вôĵһλǿ߱׫ΪʧƫģĵϿɣлһЩȡ֮ġ
Īӵ֮Уж˲ֹĪӺǵˣ֮⣬һɽǰʱ֮ϵĳϣҲĪӵĵߣ׼ѧϰһʱ䡣
⼸Ѿһˣ÷ĵӣĿǰĪӵĵɽЩϣΪĪ״ҲûĪµĹֻڵ֮ѧϰһʱ䣬ͻȥѰԼĵ
ЩҲûʲôԹԣһĪԾӣ뿪֮ҲѡĪӵĵΧԼĵ
ĪӵĵΧѾλɽĳˣڵܿͻеĸˣЩʱܹĪӵĲǲⷽ˵ĪҲǶ˼ȵˡ
ͬҲ֤÷۵ĵͳڲϵ׳ţﵽЩŵĳ̶ȣȻвСĲ࣬ݲС
жŵĪӵȴͻȻ֮Ȼֹһͣ£жʱֺ֮֮ĵϣԱ㽵࣬ҲܵӰ죬׷ͣ
ҽĿĪӵʱȴĪӵĿ⣬ڿŵߣ·͸˲Ŀռ䣬ңԶľ롣
ĪӴ˿̵ȷڿžǳңԶսǿ֮еսڴ÷ǳļң˫ĽɾǿѾλҲ׷ͶȥĿ⡣
£ƽǴ֮ĽˣĪ֮ǰѾӦ̲ȵҪֵ߳ʱ򣬾Ҫȥˣʱ
ǼΣΪʦȥȥͻأĪӿһĿԼļˣڶǷԸһ䣬վԭأξʧˡ
⣿
Ī뿪Ǹ֮ǰеɽϣĿͶǣǲŲæͷһۣƽ˵
ΰɣ
һ˵꣬Ǿٴοʼ˽ΣŸղжĵطжһԵҲˡ
ֺĵģɽĳϣҲֻһ𣬼ɽΡ
ǿ֮УĪӵӰȻϢĽӽսȴûԼΣڰпĽս
ս𵱳սźܴĲͬ
սϣһڶĻؿܣͱȽӴ󣬶ұȽϼ̵ĿܾӶ࣬Ŀл
֮⣬вСеΪһӪս˵սΧǺ۵ϸЩʱʱͷĻ
岻ͬûǳԵȱݣǵ˵Բ̫Ĳ࣬ǵͱ仯ǳ
һͨ˵ԷԸ⻯εʱͺûʲô죬һս·壬ͻֳԼԭΣǿ
壬Ϊ˾ֳ֮ԭεǳӴ󣬶һǺöԸġ
һЩ壬ǿԼͱúСͬɳ΢һ㣬ĵĽ뵽ӪУɾ޴ƻ
ټĸֶΣѪͨʹڶԸʱʱҪ任ԼֶΣսķܹ֤ơ
Īʱעսľƣÿһʱ䣬ͻᷢսı䡣
սмҵսĪѾоһĴϢѾٽ
ĴȻûε˼ս֮󣬾ֱֳΣ󷽷վ
һλߣһȫ³˫۾ĪڤмһΣŶǧĿ
һλĪ֮ǰûмԷϵϢǧĿ˵ҪһЩȻʵǧĿ
͵һǧĿѾ㹻ĪӸеһЩѹˣԷʵڤ֮еǴΣѾۼʶˣ̤뵽˴ߵУĪԶԷʱҲСĽС
Ųǰ̤һĪӵӰҲս֮УͬʱĪӵߣͬһӰҲһλߣλ߾ȻһλŮޡ
ĪתͷԼ߿һۣվԼԵλŮޣϴһ°ɫɢûʲôװΣȴ·ڷһ㣬оʶĿ
ĪĿͬʱλŮ޵ĿҲ˹΢һĪӣ˵ĪҲһס
ԷĿĪӸоԷһ˫ͬ峺Ȫˮһ㣬ܹĴӶԷпԼӰͺվһ㡣
ĪһһָоԼӱ˵УԼָоȴĪ΢µһЩλŮ޵
ڣ
Ī뵽֣ͬԼվһĸоҲ뵽֡
΢һĪ֮ŮתͷȴĪӵĶ
ǧĿң
Ī仰ͬʱͼߵŮޣŲѾǰͬʱǰһ汦ɢӨӨİ׹⡣
ԷˣĪӵȻҲæ˶ԷĿ׼ǧĿһλĴߡ
ĪӿλĴҲ֪ĪԼĶ֣ͬҲĪӿм仹һξʱ򣬱˴֮Ŀռ䣬ѾֽͬһŤ·Ƭռڱݺݵꡣ
Īͻƴ߾֮󣬵һκ˶ֿ֣رǿĪҲǳСģϾԷɾʹߵʱ䣬ҪԼá
˶ڿռļѹ˴˼俿ٶȶλߵУһͷǳӣûʲôصĳǰһն
һĪֻöԷһ·ڶԷ֮ǰѾԼǰǽķ񣬾ΪߵĪӣҲһҪâ뷨
֮£ռͬһ㣬⻮û˿ĺۼȫȥ޺ۣǽ⻮ռ䣬ڿռܷΧ֮ڣһѾȫ˿ռ䡣
ȻһĪȴǵīȲ֪ʲôʱѾУȵĶˣһĽײһǰѹӵĳѾһֿīУŵסһķâ
֣ܽȻ˿ⲻãſһīȵĽУĪвɵøӾһЩ


ڰ˰ʮ 
ԼӳһĪĵסˣλĴߣҲһ˿ɫԥּһͼҪĪеīȳ׵նϡ
еѳǴһλлõģȻ̫һڵĽޣǶԷҲΪ֮󾭹ļѳѾоŵɽΪǿ
ٴμһ֮ѹӵĳı棬˲תһ⻪ƺøӷˣҪ˳ƽīжϡ
ϧǣīȼ㱻նһ룬ʣĲ֣ڽ֮£ģƾһҲκβīȣǳı棬ƺһ㵭ɫ
龰λĴ֪ҪīնϣԼһգӲĳء
һ̣Īеīȣԭնһĵطָ̻ˡ
ͬʱī֮ϣһĵתĪֱǰһɨƮƮģ˿̻Ϣͷ·һӻٶȿҲ졣
ȻһǰλĴߣȴһԼ޿ɶĸо֪һԼҲ㲻ͬҲ֪һԼղŵһҪǿ
ԼīȣλĴûѡԼеĳӭȥԼŵֱֻ֣ȥץīȡ
ֻϣһɫתûб󣬵ֵֻʱ򣬸о·ܹץסƬء
īȱֻץסֻǶԷסī֮󣬽ɿ֣֮һ֡
ĪӵīȾô꣬ѾĪӼ˾ŵɽĳ̶ȣȫѷɫڶԷеǰѳܻҪʤһ֣ϾīĪһ·һֱŵķ
ĴʵȷĪҲڲ֮䣬ȻɾʹߵʱҪĪӳҪʵδĪӵĶ֡
֮ݵĽ֣ƮƮģҲû¶ɱ˴˶ڶԷʵŶѾеˡ
Լﵽ˴߾֮Եĵһ֣Ī㹻ӣͨµĽӴĪҲΪԼܹܶԷԣ׼ʩչһЩֶΣͶԷúõսһ
ĪӴ㽫λߵԼԼϤ߾սܹһλͬĸֺúõսһԼҲǼа顣
˴ĪͷϷ̳ľԪ飬ڷһɫâεıС
ͬʱһȦӰĪӵɢһƬǿգλĴߣҲ˲С
ƬӰ˲ʵŹӰɢ򣬾ͱһƬޱˮһòƬȫһ磬еһй򣬶ĪΪ
ĪΪͻƴ߾֮СͨһЩ仯еĹתȫĪ֮
Сͨչ֮󣬱С֮ͨеλߣоСͨγɵ磬γɵǿѹƣȫܹһʵսΪ
֮ԵģĪڸоСͨԼļӳ֣Լһ֡ʱؽͬĸоֻҪͷһһжԼ˼ת
ĪӵͷλߵΧһļµޱˮУˮʼѸٵӣգۼƬ磬˵ӰûС
ˮ֮ڣĪ˫ֺһȻ󻺻Ĵ򿪣֮УһɫĹâ˳ɢһŨŨϢ
һССӣĪģ·ǳӵӣ˫ȫ򿪣öĵӣ˲仯һɫĹâλĴȥ
λĴɫĹâһ˲䣬˲͸оһЩëȻΣոУʱϵķתĵϣǰγһɫâתϸ롣
ɫĹâѾˣλĴ߾뽫ǰɫâתϸ뷢׼赲ͬʱҲҪܵ׼
ǣ뽫һ̣ǰͻȻһòȫסǸɫâתϸ롣
аһãͬʱҪܵʱȴһ˲䣬ƬƣѾﵽһֲĳ̶ȣͬʱǰòɢɫâҲ赲׼ܵĶ
һ̣ǵɫĹâֱӴò֮дȻ䵽λߵϡ
Ҳһ˲䣬λƴȫԼеѣȻղʹõǰѳٴγ֣˼ɵǰһӳ
һĪСͨӪ磬һ˲䶼նһ϶ȻλĴ˲뿪ĪСͨķΧ
նһĿģΪ˴С֮ͨĪСͨķΧںĪսλĴ߸оԼûκεʤ㣬ѾĪӵֶΣ͸ӲĪӵСͨΧˡ
ոλĴ߾оԼϵĲˣԼڣƺһѸٵѿԼķԼĵԼһڱգٶȷǳĿ죬ͬʱҲʹࡣ
ԷԼСͨĪӾͽԼСͨջأȻžͿλߵ¶ʹı飬˫֮УҲһĨ֮ɫ
ţĪӿλߵϣȻһֲͨɫĹâɣЩãʵʵڴڵġ
һֲڷٵλϵϢҲڷžҵ
һλߵϢȫǿѹʱϯսս֮ڽս˫Ϊ΢һЩģʱܵӰΪ̣ΪһЩֿܹסѹģҲʱ֣ͣĿ⿴λĴߡ
Էʹı飬ֲڲԶվŵĪӵʱһµʲôвɵô󾪡
֮佻֣һһ׵Ĵܵǲж֣һҲܹߣǰһֶεĲô
λϵֲһ߶֮ڲˣţֲ֮ϣͳ˼Ȼۿɼٶȣ⼸Ϳʼš
ʱλϵϢѾ˥һأʹ飬ʹൽԪþ˶ܹо
Ǽ׵ţƺı仯һһλǧĿʱûа취޶ԡ
ϣ۾֮Уеһ۾âһ˲ˣһֻ̣۾λߵϡ
ãԷϵǿֲҲ˳ڻ֮󣬽һöʵɫʰ쵵ģɷˡ
ոճϵֻ۾ֻһ˲䣬ˣλϵϢҲöʵ֮󣬳׵䵽˴߾¡
ǧĿ״̷ԼĶ֣λĴߣֱ뿪ˣսϵЩ壬ʱҲ׷׺ˡ
ĪһλŮޣʱĪӵԣʵͨʲô֣
ĪԣЩ뿪ıӰȻ󿪿ڻش̣


ڰ˰ʮ Ľ
Īڳɾʹ֮ĵһսνǷǳۣʹọ֮̃ͨǿúһľڴܣҲеʮֵĶݡ
̵λܵشһλǧĿİ£ԷϢѾ䵽˴߾֮£ɼ
ûǧĿİôλߵ³ԻӵңǲΪҲᱻ䵽͵ľ硣
˵ĪѾƵĻͨԴﵽпնɱߵĳ̶ȡ
ĪԼҲû뵽֮ͨԼڴ߾һʹãȻֱȡս
λĴߣҲЩ⧲ĪİĶֱ֣ӲСˣû̫ķֻ֮ͨá
ЩϧǣԷջǱǧĿˣðֲĹʵҲһͬ˻ȥһԷΪ˾磬Ҳ»ָ߾ĿܣܹĹʵ£ĪӾ͵һٷһλߣԷ̤뵽ߵУҪƾԼѶȺͻʱһ
һսĪӿνһս̤뵽߾Ϣں̵ܶʱڣѾ˸塣
֮ǰڽɾʱ򣬺ˮبһսѾĪӵ֣Ϊ֪ͻ˴ߣҵһսͽһ۵սȻøӡ
һ㣬ȫĪӵ֮УͬʱҲ⡣
ѾǵǸҪ½С΢СʿˣΪﵽ˴߾磬ѾվصĽӽ˵ĵطˡ
ʱѾҪԼΪ֪ںʲôǹͷ񣬶վλõ˵ȫ
ңĪԼڸ֮гˣҲֻøһЩѡ
һս֮ĪҲ֪λڴߵ֣Է־ͽһҲ˵ţġ
ʵǿûдﵽߵĳ̶ȣĪӸоΪҲӦôﵽ˺͵ͬһεĵزˣǧĿ֮ʱŻֵࡣ
һս֮ĪӺ;˴˽һ¶ڴ򣬸оջ֮͸Իص˵
Ϊڵһ̶֮󣬸оʱǹúܿ죬ֻǼ򵥵һ£̽һ´ʱѾֹȥһꡣ
ƫƫʱţÿһ㻹ʶһ춼ԼģǾʱŵĺܿ졣
оʱԽԽˣҲһѾйأںͯ˵ӦǾʱģͱ˵һĺͯһ꣬Ǿ֮һȻʱ仺
ĪѾʿ˵һʱ⣬ѾΪļٷ֮һʱƺıˣʱ䣬ĪӲûа׹
߾ĵһսĪӸеЩջ֮;һҲĪһЩ򣬾ص֮һϸĲ֮ĪӵΪǰССŲһЩѾǷǳϲĽˡ
ĪƽУܿͳһĵɻ֡
ɻ֣м۵ʱ䣬Ȳֻ࣬ĪӽĿͶʱ򣬷Ļۣﵽһ൱ĳ̶ȣһЩס
ԾǷҩҩЧЩ̫ЩˣҪͨˡ
ĪӷһʱͽĿͶɽ÷
Լһ⣬Ǿͻƴ߾֮÷ֻһЩô÷Чøǿˡ
ԭ÷ﵽɲĵĵȼʱĹʵЧѾǿˣûгɵˣֱӷùʵĻѾѳҩЧˡ
÷ҩºͣ÷ʳһٳһ㣬ڣ÷ƣҲܹܺõá
÷Чøǿˣ̺Īӱ˵ĵϣȻɿԷʳȾͲǺܺðˡ
⣬÷ÿĹʵøˣ÷Ҳֻջʮöҡ
٣ʱҲǱȽϹõģԺ÷ĻôĹʵ٣ܹģȻҲø١
÷飬Ī˼ֻ΢һ¶ѣɻֵ飬ͬҲǳ˳ûʲôΣյĻ֣ѾɹĶɹˡ
ʣȻȲǣ÷İ֣мʱҲ̫Ǿ͸Ӳʲôˡ
Īɹ֮󣬸׼ջԼĿ⣬֮ĸӦȴʱԼĺհףԪߵͷˡ
ӦĪ̾ͽĿͶհڵλá
ʳŷ֮һˣҪ׵Ŀӵʳ񶼵һǳѵ飬Ȼڴ˵޷̽ǻᱻʳ
ĪӽĿͶµʱ˻֪ĴͶĿ⣬ҷĿͶδڵһʱ䣬֪ͶĿ˭ˣҲ˲µ˸ࡣ
ڹУͬԵúܲϵв΢΢̾һһĳӣЩϧˣҲĽôиѣ¡
һ̾Ϣ֮ĿһߵǽڣŵȻɨһ۷Ľ䣬һ黭֮У۵һ¶һĨЦݡ
һĨЦݣЦԼҲЦǹǽϵˡ
ʳǵλ˻ʣҲΪʺݵһλĸʻλʵ˵۲Ŵԣδѷɫ١
λЩ꣬Ϊİı˲ٸ˺ܶйص⣬ϢҲ׹˵ʳͳΡ
۸ǷǹĻۣ֮ԱȲĸʣһᳬλʵܡ
ɼʴȣôҲûзƢԴ˻λ֪֮ԼѾһ¼ҹˣҲû˿ԽĵĶ󣬺֮ǰҲûС
ڣ֪հѾҪˣĪӲŻͶĿ⣬հ׵ĸۡΪЩĽ
ĪӺհ֮Ľ飬֪Ĳ̫ˣϾ֮Ľںܾ֮ǰʼûˡ
һ»ʳĹԱһǸ߸ϵĴߣһ˭뵽֮Ľ飬Ȼʶ΢ĩһֱֵ
ѵм֪ѣÿһ߹һ·˶ֵϧܹ˴˽ĵģǾ͸Ǳˣûָо
Ŀջأϳһſհ׵ֽţдһ֣ݣǶڴ󳼵׷ʣ׷ĶȻǱˡ
ֶЩдܶ࣬ԺܿͽдˣȻֽһߣ̧ͷһǽϵ
Աߣûпճλãٹ꣬Լպþ͹ˣҲӦûڹһˡ


ڰ˰ٰʮ հ
ÿ֮ʣҪ鶼Щͬ
˻ŨŨľʱ򣬻ܲץסһҪ˻ʱԼһһϲúźȫȻı˫ۣ˿ֻټһˣһЩŲµ飬˽һ¡
հԼԪߵͷʱѡǽԼһ˿ȻԼһ˴ţӱԼдһЩܹĶˡ
ĪӵĿעһ̵հףԺ֮Уϻ˹ۣһʿĵĽԼһӱʼ顣
磬հôûôĴ磬һհȻȻ¶һȡ
űʣдٶȷǳĿ죬Īע⵽հдһţŵݣЩǸͬ˵ġ
ټѧɵѧӣҪдⷽ棬ٶȶǷǳģԣհڼҪܶд飬ҲòŻ̫ʱ䡣
Īӿհ׵ʱѾдһˣĪӲ֪ʼţհд˭ģǿдŵݣһдֱϵ󱲵š
ŵŶӦòǺܴеݣ඼ȰѧģǵȰԷҪѧϰȰԷҪѧѧϰѧʣҪ鱾ʦ̣ҪԼ˼ܽᡣ
֮հ׻иȽϴĺ󱲵ģҪ޺˴˹ͬӪܽþ
ԼһЩģΪʳ£ΪҪʱƣʳһҪ죬£ǾҪˣˣϡͿȥɡ
һЩϵȽ׽˵ģеǽܻٵһЩǣӦȥףԺܹøá
и˻ģվһӵĽǶϣĻʳУЩԼҪ紦⣬ԼΪʳһҪ΢һЩķҲΪһԻʳĹˡ
дЩݣհдŵٶΪҪԼ׽дˣ⼸ţͲҪðټѧɵˣѡһһȥд
ǸԼļŮģҲСˣеڻʳΪ٣еڰټѧ֮ѧʣеڸףԶиԵ飬ҲиԵļͥ
ͣհ׵ģҲҪΪǵʲôֻнһ£Ժ֮߶Ͼ֮࣬Ҫ˿һǵĸס
д⼸ţհ׿ʼдŸԼĽᷢӣһվȢôһӣҲǴһգӹҲ
дŵʱհǴЦݵģҲʱʱһĨ׷֮ɫ
ôõʱ⣬ʱˣˣŵԵС㣬ڼ޸Ϊ֮ʼ΢ЩܣĵİŮӣһ
հ׸Уɵд֮ƽõĻ䣬¼֮УһĻĻеĻ档
Ϊʩ֮ʱϢ飬֮ʱÿ֮ʱЦĵȺ
һĻĻĻ棬հдʮֽȴЩδ
գհͣеıʵʱĺһԼᷢдµţһԡ
Ȼֿʼڿհ׵ֽдһдŵĶ󣬾Īˡ
һֱԶ֮еĪӣɫҲɵ΢Ҳ֪ԼλѸԼţдЩʲôݡ
űʣհ΢˼һ£Ȼֽдһ仰
֪ѰĪ΢ĩ֮ʶ֮ʱཻĪаģ
ߵ·֮ͬʱÿÿ̸ۣ޲ԣգĪཻ֮δգպӦټ֮գʳ֮ԣͲĪ֡
Լ˴׸˼Īֶ֮ͨΣ֪˿飬ʲԣЦ
հдĪӵţֻдôȵļ仰ŵĿͷʵհдĶǺܶģֻдһʱ򣬺ʶĪΪ˵˿ڿԼԱʷһתֻдô仰ҰԼ뷨ҲдС
Īӿ仰֮ʱĵеҲһĨ΢Ц
հײ¶ˣ˿ڿհףҲ˶Էдš
ͣ±ʣհһӣѾдõЩţͱһ׹֣еţȫŷ⣬дÿһյϢ˵֡
Щżհ׽ЩȫȻվߵ鷿󣬽һţͰڷϣԼǴȡһ飬з
տʼʱƺýζûãհ׾ͺЩˣ־ͽⱾϣȻֱ󣬽ͷһı۾
˫۱֮󣬺ʼԽԽ˳׵û˺
еĪĿ⿴ֱջˣΪհףԪߵ˾ͷɵһ˿п
ջĿ֮ĪҲû˼ʹĿ·ƺվ˺һӡ
ʱһתۣһ¹ȥˣհдµǷţ͵ĪӵС
֮ϻһЩģȻôǿǽһ͵Īӵǻܹ쵽ģͨᣬҲһºĪӵľ룬ϾһλµĴߡ
հдǷţĪӽŷ򿪣ֻбһֽѾ֪ݣĬƬ̣Ȼʧԭء
ϵĹĪӵӰûбκ˷֣ĹвõЩֶΣҲ޷赲Īӵĵ
һκհ׼ʱհ׺Ī˵ϣĪ㣬հʱĪӲûڣĪȴˡ
ϵĹأЩĹУǰձģУĪҵհ׵ķء
ḧհ׵ĹĪ֪հ׵겢ĵطȴ뷷⣬Ĺŵģջḯʬ
հ׵·ؽĺܾ£ΪһڳҲһЩýϵ֣ͬܵ˵ĳޣΪһй壬һĽӵܣհײǰܹõ١
ĪӿĹеû̫౯ˣֻվҲ£˵һʶ˴֮ٵϵúܺãЩ·Ѿ˺ܾãʵʱҲûô
Щ£ĪջԼƣͻȻ֮һֶȤζհ׵ķĹ˵
дŵʱҵȷˣ
仰γһССĽȵհ׳֮һССĽͻᴥհ仰


ڰ˰ٰʮһ 
Դӳ֮ĪӻȤζʱ򣬾ͱԽԽѵˣΪͷˣΪ˻뷨Ӧһ
հ׵Ĺǰȥһ֮Īӽžͷˣ֮ǰԼһû㣬ļΪ
հ׵뷷⣬Ҫ΢һʱ䣬ȴʳһξ뷷䣬ڴڼ䣬ʳҲһĹһЩȷҪλš
Īӹƣհ׵λܾƷƷܴﵽƷʵҲˡ
ص֮ĪԼĵа˼£ȻͻȻ䷢սһӱЩŹˡ
ĴϢսȴûսֻڸӪĺ󷽣ĬĬĿսƣ˿ûҪֵ˼¿ǰս·磬Ҳûг֡
ΪĴͻȻ䳣פսĪӵĴߵȻ޶ԣͬҲһ
ĪȻǿ֮еսȽϤǿ֮սĪֻҪóͼǶսҲһ̶ȵļӳ֣ϾǳתĪġ
ĪѾãĴߣͻȻ֮䶼ս׻ʲôĿģ
ӪӽսһŴϣĪԶĪӿʵ
Īһͬڴˣ˸ãһεĽӴ֮ҲˣΪͬһεǿߣЩÿһһ¡
ĪھĶ棬ŶԷͬһ峺ƽĿ˵ܣڷɣ
ĪӵĻش𣬾΢΢ĵͷĪӵ˼
λߣͬʱ컯飬ʵڸĴ֮вʲôܣĴ߶֪
Ĵʱѡֱսֲսȷ뵽ڷ
Ҳܹ˵һλĴߣҪ컯緢ĳˣ˳ɰܵĹؼʱ̣Ҫž˵Ĵš
ĪӸղŻشʱ˵ֻǷû˵壬Ҳ˵ڵ
ڹϵǳǢֶԸ壬֮飬Զô򵥵ģ˴˵ĹϵҲһɲġ
ڹϵܺã˫֮ҲԲ᳹׵ζԷҪϣ˴֮䲻òţͱ˵ڡ
Ȼ˵ֲ²⣬࣬ҲпĴĿģҲ˵׼飬ǵĲ²⣬ֻڶ֮УĿǰΪһ֡
ĪѾãλߣпܻȿһλпܳɹأڵͷ֮΢ȴ˼ٴοڶĪʵ
ԣĪҡҡͷȻЦ˵⣬һûôϾʱȽ϶̣λĴߣǰ֮⣬λҲûʲô˽⣬Ҳ̫ۣǵõѷЦ
Ī˻ش𣬾ҲûʧֻǼڵ嵮ʱҪ磬֮еλߣʱҲûб鳤̫࣬ں߾ϣ
Ī˵仰鲻ɵ֣һЩϸ̬žĻ
λߣûж˽⣬һЩ伮֮żҲֻ赭дһʴΪ伮Ŀ¼ߣǱ֪Ҳܹ࣬⣬Ҳǳʶ
ע⵽ĪΣһ׼ϸģҲ˳ż½
Ķл֮жһ޶ĶѪ̬һֶ񣬷ǳƾԻĳ̶ȣûм
Ķ߰ˮ峤ƽҲϲ߶һֱڴ֮С
λߣǶǺ߾ϵģ֮ǰ֮УԵĶ߲ǣֻΪʱ֮Ķ߳˿ȱǲŶϵġ
ڵʱ֮Ϊʱ廹δµݲϸֻܴµжϣԭĶߣҪռ֮ˣ컯磬Ȼ˴չһս
һս֮Ľǣ嵱ʱĶ䣬嵱ʱĶ˴ԭӦóΪʤߣƫƫԷ˵̫أ֮ԭĶߣղûԸԳ
̫һ֮ʱԭĶ̫߱һɱĶߣͳڵĻͰ
һЩĪӣʲôֲһ䡣
ʱ֮ͬҲǺϣɾ͵Ķߣ
ĪЩͻȻ䷢֣֮еĶߣǺ֮㣬Ҳʲôıȫһɺϡ
˵һλߣпȿһģҾģӦûλͬпܳɹҲڸĪӽЩ֮նԼղǸ⣬ԼĴ𰸡
Īô˵˳˼ʵк֮
һڣϾ¶һĨЦݣĿԶӪ˵
֮֮⣬ʼ̫λ洫ܹΪߵģҲӴ̫֮ôһЩ֮ţܣ߳Լ·Ҳ̫µĵ
̫һ飬ĪӣУͬҲУĶ߻󡣡
Ϊ߳Լĵ·Ϊհ̫֮Ӱ죬ԼصĵΪĶߣȻδػȶԷѷɫ˵һλߣȿһҾûĻ󣡡
˵仰ĿֻصĪӵϣдһ˿͡
ղ˵˵ļУĪӵ֣ĪӺ̫һ˲У۲νǲߡ
ĪӶڶԷۣжЩģΪ̫һ飬ν߳Լ·еˮ־Щˡ
ѹˣҪ˵߳Լĵ·ֺγأ˵̫صĴУɵѵĵҲĶط񣬾ڵ֮νǶһģĪӶž޵
仰ķĵģڣǰͽӴĴţʶʲôŵĸ֡
ڵĹȻ˵̫صϣҪĴУӾԼŵ֣Ҳûе̫֣õľ֡
һϣ̫ͬصҲúܲҲ
Ī仰˵꣬ͻȻ֮䣬˵ĿӪһ
һƬɫĹâӪһӹǹâһƬ̬Щ̫
һĻϵıЩˣ˵˵ˣȿһģȷĻ󣡡


ڰ˰ٰʮ ̫
Ī߾ʱ򣬾Ѿʶڷʲôͬ˲һλߣڴʱ컯һ
ӪһɫĹâӦþǶԷһâ̬ԣ˵ԷŸոտһܷɹҪԷʵ
ƬɫĹâӵٶȺܿ죬գ֮Ĺ򣬾ѾӪߣڼǿ֮ɢ
뵽ɵʱ򣬼ȽСҲ֮еĵطܹԽƬɫĹâͬҲɢؼеĵط֤ͬ
նԷɹ񣬸յ컯緢棬պԷ֣Ҳضõ֮䣬Ϊǡ
ĪӿͷϿյƬɫĹâиоһַǳŨУеϲŭ֣ƺȫ̺У˴˽֮£һܹͨе
ĪӴ߾ΪȻܵӰ죬ɶЩΪɾҵ˵Ǵ˿ȴܵ˲СӰ졣
ÿһ˶вͬľÿһξ֮УջǲͬģÿһξԸ˵Ӱ죬ҲклΪﵽ˾磬ļᶨľΪҲȱġ
ûгɾطɣڽӴǷɫĹâ̸оԼĳЩصıȽУһȫ˳һõģģصģԼԸԵģе¶Ŀһ̿ʼӿ
ЩһȫŴˣŴǶЩԳ֣ЩѹֲסС
ȥЩΪɾˣͻᷢÿϵɫͬһϲ棬ŭڣҡ
Ĵ£ڵķתҲЩܵ˺ܴӰ죬һЩңϵķҴܣԼŪˡ
ڣĪӺ;ܿ췢Щ⣬֣ЩܵӰȽصӰ졣
еķɫâʱɫѾԽԽŨ¶һĻ֮꣬ƵƮ䡣
ĵĪ֣֮µһƬӵУǷɫâɵĻ꣬ԼлɢӦ̺˵
飬ĵˣ佻֣Ҳ۹Էĵ˵ܹʯܹˮģ֮ﻹ֮Ѳ˶ԷӰ죡
ʯˮģĪۣͷҲһݣգѾƣֶΣ֪οֲ
ͷķɫâֻǶԷһȻӰʵ֮ڶӰ첢̫
ֻΪĳЩԭ򣬶ɾˣӰԵرĴϵɣûгɵЩ飬ܵӰ൱С
ɫĹâڱø֮µĻ꣬ڼһƬ꣬ǿ֮ƮɢΪⵥǿ֮Уѵõ
˫۾ڿƬľ󣬵ȴı仯˵УЩУǶԽı仯ǳڴΪϵ壬Ƿһλ컯档
һѾλ컯棬岻ܶһλ컯Ļǳᱻ峹׵˦
ܿ죬֮еķɫâֿʼ˱仯µĴӻ꣬һɫСͬһһ㣬ǳ
ɾϵǿȴһ̣о֮Եı仯һӴڤڤ֮еĴȻڴ֮ʲôȻعתҲ˱仯
ع֮У·µĹڵԭĻϣһЩȫµġڲͬĶ
Ҳͬһ̣еĽɾǿߣԵĲһּ¶һַǳΣյĸоظовܵһʾ
Īӿķɫâ֮УһսӰǼ컯֮ʱ֣һѪ⣬ɫĹâȾһĨɫ
սӰ֮Ȼص䣬һ֮Уַ·ҵʵһ˲䣬ɵúݺݵĻζһ¡
ĪӺ;λߣȴһп˸ĶǿǱսĿ꣬·һֱ׷ģڤڤ֮еĴһ㣬һµ˲䣬ĳЧƺƿ˺ʹ֮
һ֮Ǳõսʧķɫâһ˲䣬ȫʼһۣڶ̶һ֮䣬۳һ޴ķɫ䡣
һһĳ֣Ҳ֮еĵطܹ仨Ĵڡ
п仨飬·𶼿ԼΪã֮һǣģڴá
忴仨ϴЦݣ֮д㣬֮дЩͬڴϵ壬ǵɫҲˣɽ֮δҰޣͬҲˡ
ˮԴճˮ棬ǶĻƺҪζ
飬ĿһεıסֻǣЩûƽﲻᶯĶҲΪ仨ãڴ˿̲ı仯
ٻ࿪ţľøӴףɽЩױ֮󣬷·Ҳ¶Цݡ
е飬Ƕ仨·ڿԼеõʱǶ仨ȴһ̣һһıպˣе鶼˹
Ȼ󣬻ûȴ̫ãͿ¾£һǶɫĻ֮תһȦȻղűպϵһĻοٵĴ򿪣µſ
ֻһΣڻ֮Īӿ仨룬һԵӰ
Ӱ˲Ȼһ˫ĵ΢΢ҲһǳǳĻȣ鿴ЦЦ
ȻȻ󣬵е˶ϳӰһӣΪһӣЩǵľɫҪӹǡ
ע֮УŻ֮еӻֱӣһССĶͷ·
ֱ֮ĿڵΪ߻󣬽ճɾ컯֪֮ţ̫գ
˵仰֮ЩˣȻͬǶ仨һʧˡ
ȵԷʧ֮󣬹˼ʱ䣬ĪӺߵľŶһۣ˴˶ӶԷУ˴˿̶ԷеĲƽ
Ķ߻ĳɹ컯Уһ£ԷѾɹˣǽĶߣһ飬ǲҲܹɹ
λĴߣȫ̤뵽컯磬ô֮ľƣֻᷢĸı䣬˭˵


ڰ˰ٰʮ õ
ֶ֮һλµ컯棬飬Ȼ֮ڶܴĳ
̫գ֣;õԢ⣬λѾΪ컯ĻϣҲǷǳУΪڶԷɵ֮ʱ󣬵ȷúܶ飬еãǿõĶ
̫ճɵ֮ʱȽ϶̣ʧ֮һȴǳ׵ķˣӽ쿪ʼһλµ컯棬ƺʵ
̫պ֮ǰе컯һڳɵ֮󣬼ָ֮Ĵڣһ
ôҲϰ컯治֮ǵĴڣܹ֤ԼΣʱ򣬲᳹׵һ겻
ĪӺ;վսĴϣȻʲôƺܹоӪ֮ǷĻܴʱ˿̣ѾһƬˡ
̫յ棬Ӵֶ֮һУѶԸˣһ˫峺ŶӪ˵֮΢һ˿ء
̫յĵɵʱ󣬾ѾֶܹܵĲٿغӰ죬ʱ򣬾ܹռܴıˣϾ֮Уǹϵḻ
ΪˣŸҲãⲢ㣬ΪŷḻУŻ貵ĻɸĹ¡
ĪĬĬĵ˵ͷҲ֪һ̫յԲʲô£ľѳۣҲֻ취ӦˣһʱΣֳ
ڵͷͬʱĪʵڻ̫ճɵʱĻ棬ǶԷ컯֮֮еһĪھþ
һ˲䣬оһ·Ǵ˺ʹ֮ĳֽޣöԷӴڤڤ֮еĴȻ컯ġ
Īһֱһ仰Ǿǵ˵Ǿ䣬֮Ϊ컯
仰Ī֮ǰѾԼ⣬ɴ˲˺ܶ룬ͨոյָоĪӾãԼץȷ⣬Щƽ
ΪԼĲȷĻôĪӾˣͻ컯ĹؼʲôˣҲΪν컯磬֮Ϊˡ
е˼תţĪӶԼĸԽԽȷˣڤڤ֮֮ĸоҲĸûд
̫ճɵһҪͻ컯ģİˣѾòһˣĴЩˣӪһ֮תջĿ⣬Ī˵
ȷĶ߰ѾòżˣĪԣͬҲ˵
֮У컯һӦǸ֮ģϳǵ嶼Ҫ硣
УĴУ֮ǰͬУϿܻٶһ͸˵ˣ֮⣬Ҫŵš
ֻ壬һֱֻ̫ĴУȻټ屾ǿֲԼеĵơ
ЩϾһֱãûһλ컯棬ʼոЩΣŷǳصǡ
Ҫ˼գҵֵĿһγ컯ˣͿİܷͬһˣɾ컯ˡ˵һ䣬Ȼһת˵⡣
̫ճɵ󳷳һξˣǻȺĵһһ£ҪԶɣ
仰ĪҲû̫⣬̫ɵ֮ʱ嶼һξ룬óһֵ̣컯棬嵱ȻҲúһξ룬˵Զ͵úúõһˡ
仰֮ؽ˫ֺʮȻǰƽ٣Ľ˫ִ򿪡
Ķ˫֮䣬һ㱡⣬γһ㾵棬֮УͬһŤţܿͳ˻棬ֳ˼Ӱ
֮Գ⼸ӰȫеĴߣĪʶĵޡϯӦˣȫУֻӰڳ컯磬̫ʱš
žеЩˣĪӺ;˻ûпڣѾһ˵
ҪλѣѾһ˼ͬ׼һ£̫ճɵҪ˳Զɣ
ԣ΢΢ĵͷûпڣھ¶ĴߣҲǵͷףȴŵ޽Ļ
Ҳûĥ䣬ֱӱ㿪˵ҵ˼ǣͰ֮ǰ̫ɵ֮ʱóĵֱóΪʡǽλҲܹɵĻͽóĵҲͬûȥ
仰˵꣬һλ߿ڵǷԶȼգȵλɵ֮ʱ˵£
λ˼ҲȽȷǾ飬ϵɵ֮
ҲɵˣôЩҪó֮Ҫջʡڵ鷳
ҪǣЩҪʱóĵطѾһֲãٻһЩʱ;ҪõĻ֮ǰͶЩʱ;ܾҪ׷ˣջҲҪ½вãΪ˷ʱ;λ߲Ż飬ҲΪˣλ߲ŻҪһ
ѵ˼ףϾ컯棬Ӧе̬Ҫóģ֮ǰЩãȻЩϧˣЩʧ̫ûбҪִһʧ޵ٴ𣬼ղŵ
˵ղſڵλߣûټ
Ȼ޼֣ǾϺۣ޷ʧһЩ֮ǰĲã˵Щʧ˵ûжȫܵ
˶ͬˣ޾һοڣˣǾλѾһЩмֵĶ£һ£ܴߵĴߣûбҪߵľͻٵȻһξɣ
죬ҲҪ塢巢ͻˣȴλ컯һ
仰˵֮󣬾е޵Ӱʧˣļλ߻һۣ˴˴һк֮һӰҲٵʧ
ǰľ棬һҲʧ˵ǰ
Īתͷž΢Щ˵ƺǰɾ컯Ƿǳð
ԣ°һ£Ȼ󿪿ڵ壬û컯֮ԳΪ컯ʱǸͼȻܹӳ컯ɱϾ컯֮ڳ磬һܸṩԣһҪԼ
˵꣬Ͳپ⣬Ųʼƶ
ǶһЩɣЩ岼õмֵĶ˾󳷣طʱҪˣ
ĪԣҲתȥȴʼ˼ԼƵͼڳ컯ʱ򣬵ܷܲһЩãҲǷ񶨵ġ
ܲܳɹ̤컯磬ܹƾһжشͬҲǷ񶨵ġ


ڰ˰ٰʮ 
Ҫ֮Ķν൱һ֮ˣҲǳĬĽóĵ̡
ܴߵĶ߶ܵĴˣȻһЩǳϵԴȴһȫߣԾֻˡ
󳷳һξ֮󣬽ʱ䣬һ¿ʼսֶַΣ׼ӦһνͬҲ׼ʱٰʧȥû
ȡڽһܷٵһλ컯棬һ˳ĻոóȥЩ̣գܹ֮ջء
ٵˣҲڴŵġ
ʱֹȥ˼죬λ߰ƺûʲôһ鱨ԷҲ׼Ĳˣʱһ
ںһξ֮ĪӺ;ĵطԭһŴǣһǡ
ԴǴȺ׹¼֮ЩǿȻ΢ָһЩǿ֮еǳʯɲ̫࣬ǰŲǳһ󷨣޷ˣҲ岼÷һЩСС鷳
ĪӺ;ڵϣĪӺ;֮⣬˵ߣмλɾĸ֣⼸λɾУĪӱȽϤˣһȺһĿͷǿգ·ڵȴʲô
ͻȻ֮䣬˵ɫ֣һЩǿյĿ⣬Ҳͬһʱøˡ
ǿ֮УͻȻ֮䴫һƺӿϰ޷ǿ֮УôƯ
ʱǳ΢ֻЩɾϵǿߣǿ̶̼֮ڣѾ˲٣е鼸ܹ
ҲԾı纣һУǳ滺˸еͦġ
ֵ˲䣬ĪӾ͸о֮ˮһ˲ûԾصĹҲͬ÷ǳԾ
ʣλߣͨ컯һܷɹͿʵˡ
ֺһڱԽԽ֮󣬽ţ鶼оԼ·ͻȻˮУΧĿ÷ǳͣͬˮԼظš
ָо϶ĺһ˲·ڴ֮УǼᵽһֺζ
ţ֮ĵطʼһ˲ճ·ǺһĵɫĲƣʼ֮ɢ
ǿջǾ죬ǴػڤŵɫĲӹĴУøʵˡ
Īܹо⵭ɫĲӹ֮дһɱȽϵ֮ÿһڡ
ЩͨķˣʲôССֵģͿԲҩýһʱøӾ񣬲һ㲢û̫壬壬аټѧɵĴڣССĺܺô
ˮ˵ͬҲû̫壬ǿǸеһЩ̫ĺô
ЩҰ޺ֲ˵ǾͱȽкôˣܹҰڽһʱУӾȥԣҲܹЩֲøá
һʱ֮䣬ض⵭ɫĲƳˣڤ֮Ҳ⣬ȻԻ˵ɫĲƲûʲôЧоôܹһЩ
ʱĪӿ֮УͻȻһ޴Բ״壬ɢŵɫĹâޱȵ䣬·һ׵Ȫۣˮ컯֮
֮ǰ̫ճɵŸոչȥãǰޱϤһĻֳ˵ǰȻҲ֪ǵλܷ̤컯Ĺؼʱ̡
Ǹ޴֮󣬱ɢĵɫâһ˲ޱҫۣâϵĻۣѹ۵һ󣬻һˮɫĹ֮ȥ
һĻϤĸоٴγ֣Ī֪һĿģҪǺʹ֮
ˮɫĹâգ̺ǿĪӺɣԼҲԽӲĹ
ȻˮɫĹâû֮ԭһգͻȻ֮·εϣεĵǵˮɫĹâǰǿĹҲƺûȫǵϣһֺ֮ʹ֮ɴڡ
һ̣Ĵʱ˼ЩĴߣ˼ֲ֮УԼҵĶߣһƺǲ˳
âûдƺʹ֮ϣö޴ԲϣˮɫĹâٴͬʱ֮䣬һ߿
໣
һö޴ԲϣٴһˮɫĹâһΣˮɫĹâΧĿΧһһղһˡ
ȻһȻˣǽȴ͸ղûʲôˮɫĹâ֮Уûгһεϣƺʹ֮
ˣ
ڶεĽĪжʱðͷѾһָоĶ߰ûа취֮ǰˡ
ܶԷܻлᣬͬԷҲܷڳϣĪӾãǵһȵڶεʱǾٶ˥ˣǵηܾܿǡߡˣ
ڶεʧܣˮЩߣȥѹˣֻܹƴȫɹĳΪ컯棬½ˡ
໣
һ߿һǿž޴Բߣͬʱһ͸Ӵľͨ嶼ˮɫģÿһöƬʯһ㾧Ө͸ƺ̺һööȻγɵķġ
ȻЩãȴǰһ̵ԻȻҲ֪ԼγʧܵĻǽɹļʾͺСƴԼһУ׼һ
Χö޴Բ򣬷ɿתһȦȻֱͶԲڣţҫ۵ˮɫâ֮飬һ̱۾޷ֱĹâ
âȴﵽһ޵ʱеĹâȻѹ£ţһˮɫĹâһΣâֱεģڹâɲǣڱſȻݺݵײ֮С
أ
һ죬·֮ͬʱ磬һ̾ҵĻζһ¡
໣
һֻһεУһֱʵζһ˿
нɾϵǿߣһ̿պһ̣һѺۣһ˲䣬ľʧˣͬʱʧģͬˮһĵɫƣԼö޴Բ
һзƽ˾ˣĪĿգö޴ԲʧĵطþõкܶΪˣһǿߣҲͬþ


ڰ˰ٰʮ һҵ
Ķ߻Ѿɹ̤뵽컯Уֵİʱ˵УöԷɹĿԺܴ󣬿ʵǰģƺǶԷʧܶˡ
֮һʧ֮˳Ĭ˺ܾãûеȵתۣһƺƽ˾ˡ
֮Ĺ򣬲ûгµı仯İҲûԼţԷʧˡ
ʧˣ
Īĵ̾һտڴ˳Ĭ֮Уƺûʲôƺ̺Ÿӵ
ţվǲһ㣬ûܴƺʹ֮Ҳ˵֮еĸĪһ
˵ĶͻʧܣΪһǿߣʲôˣֻͲˣͬվߵĽǶȣӦòжֻܹ
һλڴ֮·ϵǰߣڳɾ컯ǰһܴɣֻЩͬΪߵˣеôһ˿ͬ顣
İ컯֮İûɵһ컯磬ôȵԺʱ򣬳컯ʱмֳɹĿܡ
ͬһ㣬굽һ⣬Ǿǽ컯ʱû컯֮£ܷƺʹ֮ɹ컯磬ĪҲе΢Щûˡ
̤컯ʧܣ֪˿Σˣ䣬Ǿʹ䣿ĪӼ˵
֪ؽ̫ãγ֮ʱѾƴȫõĽҲˣҪܾòָܻˣԣش
컯ʧܣ³ĵȻǾʹ䣬ĿǰûдпǶԷ֮ʣֿ޷ų
³һЩҲĪ˵ˣͬʱΪ𣬻ֲ֪ܹ
ڰ³ɴһϵжӰ죬²Ǹص⣬Σĸ
壬ʱҲû˶Ĵߣû컯ʵ˵Ӱ졣
֮ǰĹϵУֹ֮ܺϵܷάϵǾͺ˵ˡ
Ͼֹϵýڱ˴˶Եȵ£һλ컯棬ƴǣһλߣʿȻܴʵϵʧˡ
һһǣ¹ϵܹڶʱάϵֲԵȵĺϵܿͻ¶⣬⣬ѡίȫֻѣ˵Ǻõѡ
ʱһתۣ͵֮ĶǳĿ죬̶ʱڣǾѾǳϵƺж
ǿ֮Уȵ˵̣ԭռݵĵ򼸺óһ룬Ǹó˵̣ͬʱó˵̡
УռݵĵͬƬȻǿ֮һóһ룬Ҳó˽ķ֮һңȫƵ׳ʿˡ
֮е֮Уһл֣Ҳͬ÷ǳİ֡
ֻдĴӪһûóֺ¶˼ǿĹԣúݵӣҲƵСһò󳷳һξ롣
ȻСһȴû̫ʧһͳ˧Ҳ֪һʱڣͬʱҲҪһЩʵûкͶԷģѡݱһʱâ
ĪӺ;Ȼǿϣ̶죬Щٶ˶֪һ
ĪкҲ˵õѡ񣬵ҲԱȽ׵ѡ
ѾãԴ̬ȣ費Ҫתһ£
Īָָ⣬һöڹɵӣöǰϣͬʱ˵
ԣһ˫峺һĪӣͬʱҲָ֣֮һöɫӣĿһͶ̣һ߿˵
̬ȿ΢΢ıһЩǲ̫⣬̫ˣ巴пܴ۶ҷԴ˼
һ䣬еϡ
ǰϣ˿ѾĲӣһɨڰӼֻаöҵӣϸһĻֻоӵǳĶ࣬ԶԶֹö
Ǻڰɫӣÿһö֮У̺һĵϣڰɫͬʱ֮ϣѾǼ򵥵Ķģһ۵ˡ
ⷽߵĪӺ;ѹţô֮ϣͲƽˡ
Īٴγһöӣϣٴο˵ҷԴ˼Ǹã
Īô˵΢΢һ٣ȻЦŵͷ³֡
ȷ
ѾĪӵ˼Ҫһ̬ʱ򣬼ӿ֮ѺۣǳҪҷԴȫԼǾ͸ˡ
ΪǸʱ򣬲廹壬ˣܹϵǳ׵ߵͷˡ
ĪҲ¶һĨЦݣĿ⿴̣һӣȻתĻ˵
ǰӦ׼Ĳ˰ɣ
ԣͬ۳һö֮󣬵ͷ˵ĶߣѾȺһҲֵˣֵĿ⣬ߣڴ£Ҳżɵ֮£Լ׼˵
˼ǾԶ׼һЩʱ䣬Ǳڵ˼ȴǶȱһġ
̫ճɵؼеĴУڳɾ컯磬һ˿ȵԼгһգҲᾭһ졣
Ȼ֮ǰİǸиոһ˿ȣֽһˮǣҪɾ컯磬վô׵ģ컯֮İҲȻܴɡ
ֵ飬ܴﶼϣܹɹɲЩģ֪ܷɹؿ컯硣
Щĵ£Ȼϣ׼ʱٳһ£ɹĿҲһ㡣
ĪӸڣɶľȴվҲһˣ͵ΪֹɣĪһҸоջҪȥԵһ£ʧˣ
˵֮󣬾תֱ뿪ˡ
ŶԷԶȥıӰĪĿصϣȻ˫ͬʱ̯ųɫĹâֱӿٳһƬСռ䣬ǰ֡
ĪӿٳСռУԭ̣ЩĺڰӣƬСռ֮󣬾ͷ·˺ڰʿϵһƴ
ͬʿϵʹƬСռ֮У÷ǳ֡
ĪӿЩ棬ܿһѹȥȻжһö򣬽յЩ棬ȫ¼֮УֽṆ̀Ҳѹ֮ڡ
ĪƷ棬¡֡ĸ֣Ȼµĵһҵס


ڰ˰ٰʮ 
Īڴ߾УҲѾ죬ΪҲڲϵߣǾһʱ飬Ǻ;ǿȺ˿컯һĪӸеԼΪĴ
Īʱ̣ܶ⵱Ȼһ£Լ̫죬µĵӵˣûüԼĲĪһ˵϶̰Ķ̰塣
Ϊ˴ߵľ磬Ǿĸ߲㣬ܹδ֮һĴߣĪӱһܴûмԲǲˡ
ȻҲرıҪΪȻԣЩ鷳ҲԸкᣬĪӲϣˡ
ԼѾ˴ߣ÷۵ĴУҲѾˣľµĵӳɳô÷۾пܳΪһµţѾ˵пܣǰ϶顣
÷۵Ĺȫѷɫţй֮Ī÷۵ĵӣڷⷽ棬ҲܹЩŵĵӡ
ͼ֮ͬҲܳΪһɫ÷۵ں˶֮ʱռˡ
÷۵ѾΪ˱ȻĪҪģǾܵļӿ̣Ļʲô飬ҲҪԼΪͬĪҲܹӵиĻȨ
Щһ˵̫ܲҪڵͳĴУȴޱҪġ
ǿһʱ䣬Īӳ˼͹۲֮⣬ҪǵľЩ
Ӧλ֮Уܹסһڰʧ֮һʱ䣬߻û˿Ķȫûһ˼
ĪѾ˴崫һЩԷ˵ΪʧܣѾƵˣûٿһ
˵ȻվסţҲ˵ģĶԼĲ㣬ҿһ
ֵĵˣΪȽϵ͵Щˣࡣ
ĪڵǵһСռڣĪתԼķԺ֮ڻһĻĻĻ档
֮ǰͰ˿컯һʱ컯֮ڴ֮Ļ棬УָĻ棬ĹͼеĻ棬кܶǰУǳ̵Ļ档
ĪӵʶЩ֮УһĻ棬ϸظе⾳
֮Уϵδ֪ķ̽Ȼ̽ĹУԼǰķ
ĪӸоԼڴ֮;ϣҲ׼ڲ̽ˣҪѰҵȷĵ·ֻǰһʱ֮󣬻عͷٿʱ·ܴпԼղ̽ĵ·Ƿпȷġ
нЩѣЩǰȫƾ˵ѾҪõöˡ
֮УĪͻȻ˫ۣɫĹâֱӴڵƬСռ䡣
͸ƬСռ䣬ĪӵĿֱӿСռǿУһſǳƺøˡ
ʵǳøǴ˿̵ǿձøӺڰ䣬ͬīȾһ
ĪӿһĻ˵Ӱ˲ʧСռڣ֮Ŀ͸˲Ŀռ䣬Զͥ
ĪӵĿУͥΧ˿ͬһƬڰģͬڵǿһ
ֺڰһϢģȴܹһеĺڰͷ·һеʵȻ֮ãǳ
ڣֵǰˣ
һ龰ĪӾ֪һʱһʱ֮ڿʼ컯ˡ
һʱָо֮ǰλЩͬȻͬ󣬸ǵķΧܴ󣬿ȴôױ˷ֵġ
ҴʱعҲû֮ǰĴԵ÷ǳƽֱڣЩ˻ûʶһλߣʼ컯ˡ
źڰӣ֮飬ڷ˲Ծڴϣ֮Ӱ˺ҹƫƫ̫߸ߵڿУɢŹĻȻЩ졣
ΪյɫһƬڣ췱ǣȻҲܹϵ˿̫ȺͬʱŹԣĻ棬һ
ƬڰɢĪҲڸоƬڰ֮У̺صĵϣ·һн飬ָҲǷǳʵĶ
ǰĺڰڴںͲ֮䣬ʵ֮Уǳ
ĪӼ֣Ҳ΢ӦһЩĵֻʱΪȽǳ飬ȫ֮ٸָоȻ˸
֮еĵطڰֵʱ˵Уһ̷ǳضǳİӵʧˡ
飬һܹģֻܾԼĺڲȥע£ԣ飬ҲѡĺԵġ
Ҷܴ˿̵İͷ·صĸ̥֮УûʲôգҲûʲôһжܰʶԷſգ˼άҲԻϢߵһУԵǲڣغҵĴڱҲԲڡ
һ״̬֮УһϢĳ֮ϣķǳİ֮ҲûдƬ
ĴڱͬһƬڵģ׵ĺڣڶһ㡣
̧֣ǳ࣬ƺǺһ񣬾ͽ˿̵һ㡣
֮УһźɫУڲϵѹ۳һɫԲ򣬱һȦȦƣڲϵڻۡ
ɫԲǵӰؽǰհ£ĶᣬǰҲͷ·ǰһֱĳһ߽š
еöԲ֮УڲϵСȵӰ׵ؽֱֱʱеöԲѾ׵ʧˡ
ǵӰƺԤϣ˿ûͣ£ǰһһ̣ͻȻ֮ŤȻؿڴѿһתĺڶ·˽ȥ
ڶӰ֮󣬼ǰƮһξ룬ͷ·û֮һ㡣
û֮кƬգƺʼڶķŤޱ޼ʵĺڰҲбڶϵɣúܶطһ·硣
һֱȵؼбڰֵĵطѾ»ָԭЩƬ̰飬Ҳȫ»عлûʧĺڶһ鶼Щ
Ī˫۴˿ضǸѾԽԽСĺڶдһ˿ţΪ֪ڶܷ
ȵڶ׵ʧʱĪӸоʹ֮ƺûбڶɵɻûеĪʧ֮оȻһֻ֣ǸλһĨͷ·ȥʲôһ㣬ͬһ㣬һȫˣҲһƬڰ
Ƭڰ֮УĪȴ¶һĨϲɫŸղŵǸλãǵЦݿʼˡ


ڰ˰ٰʮ ̫
֮ͬղһĺڰҲñȸղŸ֮㾲ûһ
Ƭڰ֮УнɾϵĸֲܹоصĹϢķ仯ԭĹ֮УµĶ
ĪϴЦݣһƬڵأȴŽĳ֣Լ컯磬֮ܿܿ˵Լš
Īڵȵ֮ǰȴͷһƬڣȻٴη˱仯
ƺϢ֮䣬һˮһĸңһƬڵأ֮ľָøԶˡ
ţ罫ֽˮһ㣬صɫһƬ֮ӡȾ˳
Īǰǿգ־󿴵ĻǺԣЩڴϵ飬ǿľͷǳˣܹĿտɫգӺڰ֮бӡһʼֻǰ߰ߵ㣬ͬһ϶һЩϣܿ̾ͽˣǿԭա
һڰʧˣĪӿǿգȴоղŵƬڰû˶ɢǿ֮󣬻µһء
ָоһִΪĪ֮⣬Ĵǽǿߣڴ˿̶ĸо
֮е컯棬˳ɵȽ̫֮⣬컯ǿߣԼһأΪǵ߲֮֮㣬ɸλ컯濪ٵģڤ֮£Ҳһء
̫ȻڻûпԼһأӦҲǳ飬Էڳɵ֮Ѿ¶ˡ
Ȼ컯棬ῪٳһԼأɵǰٳһԼҲûʲô⡣
ţĪԺ֮ͻȻһ棬ͬʱһ
Ϊ飬ճɾ컯š̫飡
Ƿ֮УӰһƬڰأ˷·ȫƬΪһ壬Ƭڰ֮У˿úܲУǳʡ
ҲˣͬʣȫǴÿһġ
Īӿ֮е飬ǿʵӣͻȻ֮䷢Լһ˲䣬鱾ݵʲôģˣ
룬ԺйȥʱԷҲģ壬ȫǲ
ΪͻƵ컯磬Ȼ֮ǰЩܹͬĪĴߣ벻òЩˣ컯棬Ҳûг֮Եʡ
𣬸ղԺ֮гֵĻ棬Ҳܿͱ䵭ʧˣЩͨķ˻ΪȽϵ͵˵Ժ֮ʧĻ棬Ҳûжټ䣬ֻЩΪһЩģܴ¼ǵøղŵĻ档
飬վǳɹˣͻȻĪӵ
Īӻعͷһۣûп˵ΪһֱĴߣӹɣֻ˰ʧ֮󣬶ԱȴʱĳɹŸ˾𺳡
λߣܹ컯Ļܴҷľ̾ͬģλĴߣɹ컯磬ǽ֮Ĵ֮УԻ֮ͬſһ
ڣλֻ֮ɹλôҾѣ֪컯ͬǰһЩңɼΪ˶ߵУҲһܹɹ
һ㻹Ҫ˰ûʧΪѣԴջųǵ£Ҳ̲סðһ
ɵˣͼˣ֮ǰóȥЩ̣˻ʱһ춼ûе顣
ǱߣͬҲһЩ󳷵ľȴ࣬Ϊڰ̤컯ʧܵʱѾ˺Զһξ룬ȵΧѾóΧˣֻ΢ʾ˼һ£ҲǶһλµ컯ء
ĪӺ;Ҫ飬Ǵĸ֣óΧһ£ҪǷֹʲôصֶΡ
ʵҲܻЩֶΣϾЩóĵ̣Ϊ³һλ컯棬֮ǰûôɵͬҲϷɵ
ʱ֮֮ǰóĵ̣»صУ֮ǰЩ̵ʱ򣬾Ѿ׼ôһ죬Щϣ岢ûнʲôֻǿ˲ٵԴһͬˡ
飬ĪӺ;˾͸ԻصԼĵ嶥߳컯Ľ䶨սϵĴߣڶѾ뿪ˣȻĪӺ;ҲҪһֱ
ΪλߣȺ컯ԵʣȻڱ˴˶ţһʱǴģҲرңһߣƽܳһʱ䣬ǶȽϰ֡
»صԼĵһʣֻµӵΪʱһЩһֱĪߵǣڵΪ磬ϾҪ׶ˣڴŽɾ緢ˡ
飬ĪлǷǳӵģĴӣĪֵ̳ģҲڴܹͻƽɾ磬Īӻ֮󣬾ͿʼǿСˣָһЩͻƽɾˡ
ûãĪӵָ£Ǿͽ˻׶ΣĪӵʱڻ׶ӰƺҪСĶ࣬ȽȶֻоΥ͸¶һɱ˵
һ㣬Īͬôģǵ飬ѾĲˣǷˣȻȫѾˣҪĹкǵǰԹѾ˽˴룬Щ˵ӦòڶǵӰ̫
Ī׼ڽһʱ䣬ʱ̷ֳһֵעǵ״̬ѾϵͥǱߣǸǰһЩͬڻ׶εĶ֣һͨսйһ£Ҳڶɹ׶Ρ
֮⣬һĪйأǾɵ֮ԭΪŵţѾߴ飬˾ƺʱҪʧˣͬ˾ã֮ʵܹƺţǾĪӵ÷ۡ
Ȼ÷۵ʵЩ˵һβ̵ľ룬Щ÷۵ķչĿõġ
ԭһֻһ֮صСţӰѾɢݸĺüݣµ֮УҲжλ֮㣬һЩո¶ͷǡ
ϻһںݵķ֧ڣЩ귢չٶȻҪ죬Ȼڵӵϣ÷ҪһЩӰϣܱ÷ۻҪǿ
÷ۺڼһŵʵѾԶһСˣЩҲ˲ٵˣܹ˵е㣬֮ΪţȻһЩǿǼʱգδزƺš
ҪһǣΪ֮ĪӣΪѾǴߣõóֵսͱ֤÷۵ȷгΪŵǱ


ڰ˰ٰʮ ̫Լ
÷ܷΪµ飬ĪӶҲעһ£ΪϾйأµĵӣҪӿء
ܱô룬ĪӾãһлˮɵĺãûӦʵ֮ǰһʵû̫壬Ӧʵ֮ȻᴫȥҲʵ顣
ǰŵĶ֣ܿͰźˣĪӵͬͥǱ߾һλɣһȥЩͬڻ׶εɡ
УλҲһֱţսĹ̳⣬ĪȻֳһͬעǡ
Լ׶ΣŻ׶ζ߶ǶôΣգʧ֮£ǵĪӣҲΪԿǿߵ׳١
ʱӮˣԲк飬ʵã³ʧܵĻôҲûнĪˡ
嶯ðյΪĪӲϣǵϣֻҪķʽɹ׶μɡ
ĪӵĵУһν֮ĪָһԼ֮лڼѧϰλڳϣȵ֮ĪӺȻ֮ǰоԼһ˿ƣС
Ȼһ˿ƣвǿңǳָоĪ˵ȴһЩֵ顣
£Īб˾裬̽ԼڣûڰжԼʹ
һ֮ĪӺܿȷһڴ֮ӰԼԼеƣ
˭֮Īüͷɵ
ԷûпֶΣԼʩӰ죬ǳʲôĿģһܹĵ顣
Ժ֮нпвԼ˷ٵĹһ飬ĪӺܿȷ˼Ŀꡣ
һȻʱ֮λԼгĶߣֽ׶֮ΨһĶˣֶηǳҲжԼֵɣʱ֮ԼѾȫˡ
ʱ֮⣬ĪԺ뵽ĵڶȴ顣
Ѿɵ飬֮ǰǼλ컯һڿ컯֮󣬾ʧˣʱûܹ
Ī֮Ծû飬Ϊ֮ǰƵͼϣѾΪ컯飬ͼҲûʲôãͼ˵ȴش󣬶ԷпܻύԼõѡ֮һ
ͷ뵽ĪӾ߽˵еСռڣһĵطȻ£ر˫ĿʼȥӴ֮дӭȥ
ĪĽӴ֮ʶһ˲䣬ͷ·һ磬ǰ˲俴һƬڰͬʱ˸оһһҪ۾˯ȥĳ嶯
ᵽָо֮ĪӾͳ׵ķģΪѾȷԼˣȷɡ
ĪӵʶƬڰĿռ֮дܹĸоǰֻҪȥͿˡ
ͷոĪӾ͸оԼƬռ֮У˲䷢ƶֱԼȥĵطǰӰ
Ųǿռ䴩ֶ֮ΣҲ˵϶ôЩء
̫棡ĪҲûȥ̽ԼôͻȻģǰ飬æһ
ڳɵ֮Ī֮ǰϤĪӶδ飬Īȴˡ
ضַʽٻһЩҪȣͼţĪӵͷȻҲûкĪӿʲôֱӽͼ͵ĪӵС
ͼԭڳɵ֮ǰӦµģֻǸʱ򣬻ϣͼУԼ̤컯ʱ򣬿ܲܰһæûʲôãȴûʱ佫£ĪӣȽͼĪӡ
ĪͼĿ⿴Ŵ˿̵飬ֻоԷڣķ·ǵĻһ㣬ĪһֿĴ
ݻЩãĪӿĳ࣬ҲǲסòֵȴǷǳ̵ġ
û̫ĪӵĴ˵ͼ֮⣬ҵڶ㽻飬غ㽫ɵһҪסΪ˶߲ΣǧҪų컯磬һҪŬԼʵܹһ컯֮гΪ컯Ŀܣмǣ
ĪŴԣзǳ֣صؼסĻԷַʽԼר̽飬ǾԲûԭġ
ƺ֪Īӵ˼ſڵӵ컯֮İͻ컯ʱʧˣܹɹǶԼϸһЩۣܹɹ̤뵽컯ġ
̫֮⣬֮Ѿλ컯棬Ҫɵ֮ʱ򣬽øӼѣû컯֮£ɹĿ΢΢
飬֮Ҳһ̲ޡˣ֮⣬пгһ̤һˣǶҪסһ㡣
ĽĪͷˣ֮һǰķԸˣ
ţԺͿˣ̫ԼԺҲûа취ˣҳɵ֮ʱѾʵ̫֮磬Ҫϵף㽻ľô࣬ǧסҪ׵һ˵һ䣬ȻĪӵ˵ͷ
ͷ֮ĪӾ͸оԼʶһ˲䣬ʹƬڰĿռ֮˳»صԼС
һ̣ĪԼ˫ۣԼղŵľֻǹȥ˶̶̵һ˲ѣԼŸոյı˫ۣһоѾˡ
ͷĪӿƾճԼеͼ֤ŸղŵһУȷʵ顣
ĪӽͼȻԺ֮зɿŸղŵ顣
ֶͨϵԼȻͼԼ˳һ£ϣ̤뵽컯澳ĴߣȫҪ׵ĳ̤һһ컯ܹ֮гԡ
ϣܹ˵һ㣬Ǿ컯棬ǵȷܲɣûа취׵Ĳָ֮Ϊ̫ܵԼ
ĪӲãԼλ컯涼ĸԸġ
һĻ֮Ķ֮Ե˽ʱգȻǴòɿ̫λ컯棬геһΡ
ǵ񣬼ϸոճɵ飬Ѿһλ컯棬컯ϣѾȡ˾޴ơ
̫λ컯治Լһλ컯棬ھԽԱˣȻ֮䣬޷õĺƽҲӵһĺƽڣֳһλ컯棬վĶ档
ͷ˼˴ȥĪӾ뵽˸飬Щ飬ǹ̫λ컯ġ
ԭ˺һӣĪԼ˼Լղ뵽һУȫѹԼĵףȻվ߳Сռ䣬һ֮ͥС


ڰ˰ٰʮ 컯֮
ˣֻ̫һ͵ޡˣȵΪ˶ߵĲ֮ҲҪżһӵһ컯֮ٿǿһĳɹܣ
ͥУĪӽԼҪ˵Ļ˵꣬ȻϵĲ豭һڡ
Ķ棬̲ϴų˼֮ɫ˼ĪӸղŵĻͬʱҲ뵽һЩε⣬ֻЩ⣬̫˵ڡ
Ƭ̲֮ɫŻָȻ󿪿ڵлĪǰ֪ЩҽһСĵģ޺;λѣǾȥ֮ɣ
ԼʦҪ֪һЩ飬ûԼӣĪӣһ̲жЩǣĪӲ鿪ЦĪӽҲֻǸ֪һϢû顣
ΪĴߣĪһֱı֣Ĺף̲һֱĪӽӴĸй٣֤ĪֵΣỳĪӱʲô⣬ֻʲôԭ
ĪԣеĲ豭£ĵͷǵ޺;λ̵Ѱæ˵һɣ
Ϣ֪λߣȻ̲ԸæĪҲֵУҪϵǣȻǺġ
˵仰֮ĪͻȻ뵽ʲôٴοʵ컯֮һ£μ컯֮
岢û컯֮һĪӺһֱ鶼һ̰壬ĸ֣γԹһ컯֮ȻÿζʧܶգɾûгɹһЩ顣
Īӵīȣ类˾ŵɽɱھŵɽʱ򣬾ѾһЩԼķмĿռ䡣
˾ŵɽ֮θһΪһ컯֮Īȴûʲô򣬱ϾЩûнӴ
ݵĽƣ˾ŵɽ֮ƺͲൽͷˣǿмȥĪʵܹ쵽ģΪԼܹʮɽĻīкܴļǳܲסģЩвͨ
Ī֪컯ֻ֮иһֱһսһ޴ͬȪһԲ컯֮Īӿ϶ûлӴģֻ̲һ£ܷʧܵľ֮УҵɹĹؼ
Īʳ⣬̲ͻȻЦĪӵͿԿĪҲһ־ڵ컯ˣȻÿһ˴߾ߣ¶гɾ컯Ը
ĪӸղ˵ʱᵽпܳɾ컯֣ûᵽԼ̲²⣬ܹĪӣǾ˵Īͬг컯Ǳ
컯֮ɱ֮ϵķһֱ嶼ûԼ컯֮֮ǰйγԣȫʧܶգĪ֪μ컯֮ǰ֮ǰĻҲûа취شĪѣȴԸѴ𰸣̲ϴЦ˵
˵֮ҲԼǰĲ豭һڱеĲ衣
ĪӼ״֪һջˣջҪԼеĴ󣬾ٴοڵǻ̵ָܹһ£
̲еĲ豭ϵЦݲ䣬⵱Ȼû⣬ܹ֪컯֮μģĪҲһ͵ģȻ޷
仰ĪüͷԵһԼҲһĹͣ뵽֮ǰ̲˵ģ֮ǰûа취ش⣬ĪԵһЩ²ˡ
̲ߵûʲôӣֱӾͼ˵֮䣬˼λ컯֮⣬壬ԭǸһ컯֮ģ컯֮Ī֮ǰҲµ컯֮ȴģ
Ȼ鹬ĪϾѾˣ̲˵Ѿ֪˼컯֮ķӦþǴ鹬еõġ
컯֮ԭǲ״̬ģڵһս֮󣬸Ǳ׵Ľˣ֮ĲкҲˡϷ֡
֮ǰ컯֮ʧܾټϵõĲƬҵ컯֮һǳˡ
ĪΪһսĲߣҲвСĹ̲ͣⷽĪӣͬҲǺġ
Ҫһ컯֮Ĺؼ֮ھŵɽԲ֮󣬼Ϊһ֮ͬǰһںΪںϳɱ
ɽںϣͲô򵥵ģҲ˵ںϵѶȣں֮󣬷ҲԼˣ֮ǰγԣһʧˣ
ڵõ鹬ĲƬ֮ҵȲ֪ν⣬İ취ڽŵɽںϺ󣬼ں֮ɽͷٴڣýƺͷֱ߲˴ˣ˲ܹסں֮µɽҲпƳ컯֮
֪ȷķ˷ҪɹҲһ׵顣ӵеľŵɽķͲǺܹܶ࣬һĸ٣пܳΪ컯֮ģ֮٣еѣ²Ҫϸ˵Ѿܹף
̲һЩ˵꣬Ȼ̾һ֪˼컯֮ķеѶȣĿνǼΪ̡
Ī˼һ£Ҳ˼һ컯֮жˡ
ȣܹŵɽͲһ򵥵飬ĸ֮УķҲԲж١
岻ٵˣһɱûУɾ֮һͨɱǲѣɼƷɱͲˡ
˴߾磬ҪһŵɽɱҲһ׵飬ҪķѲٵʱ侫ܹһ㣬ķܷмһʸȴδ֪֮
ܹŵɽһεںϣͺ֮ǰȼķһҪǵƱ˴֮Ƿ䣬ȻҪͷںϣǾ͸ӿ鷨ͽ֮ƥ̶ˡ
ôһǣĪӾˣΪʲô壬һֱ񣬸Ҳֻһ컯֮Ϊʲô鹬֮ô޸ˡ
ôһ컯֮һֱûгɹһҲȫԩΪеѶȵȷǳĴ
ЩĪӻ˼ԼķīȣǷΪ컯֮Ǳ
һֱеĽƣ˵ʼĪӾ͸ݲϣĽһЩǵ֮еĽƣĪԼݳģĪӱΪϡ
֮һֱڣڲĽƺͲ֮䣬ƥĳ̶ҲǳĸߣԼڼھŵɽʱҲǵ˻пܼķ˲ٵľ֤īȻмǱ
̲Ļش֮ĪӷԼ֮ǰΪûùõģƺͷΪϣżĿռ䣬˼һ£īȫһΪ컯֮Ǳʡ
˼˴ĪӲɵҲһҪīΪ컯֮ԼýһϤһ£³ç¡
ܷҿ鹬ĲкоһеĽƣĪӶ̲ʵ
ĪҪоһ£Ȼû⣬ֻܸеһС֣Ͼ֮ͥ⣬ĸţҲһЩ̲ʹ˵


ڰ˰پʮ Ļ
ܹʱߵģֻˣʣµȻһЩͥҲооһʱ֮󣬽ͻȻ󽻻Ĳȥо򣡡
ͥһ乬֮Уָ̲ǰļϣһСƴС滹ƵӣĪӿ˵
ȻӵѾСˣֻʣһˣĪӻܹϳǵǸ鹬ǰЩ֮еһ
˵ѷ죬ϲĵʵǱõģ̲ʱĪӣѾǺгˣĲֽĪӵĪҲȫ⡣
ǸСĪӸ׼ŽȥȴһССӣԼȻ޷յ֮С
΢һ£ĪԭΪԼʹõĴȼ̫˵Եʡ
о͸ССӣôһ컯֮дһ֣£Ҫյ֮УȷЩ鷳
ڶֲ󣬼ΪߣҪһֶλǶǵģֽԼڣĪӾת̲л
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Ȼ̲˵ͷȻʹĪߡ
ߵĹУĪ΢΢ɨһȦ乬ļӣеһЩƷҲЩȣЩͥȻѾôĵ̡
ڵ乬רŴһЩصƷģЩνƷһǷǳмֵĶԶһʱ֮䣬δеϸƷ
Ķ֮Ȼģĸ£仯֮
컯֮ĲкѾмΪصƷˣʣµЩֵͲ̫˵ˡ
ԣôһ乬ĴڣڲϵĻδ֪ĶȻ˲ϵЩδ֪ĶӲʵҲһ̵ֵ֡
߳乬ĪӺ̲һкǰѶɵһͥڻȥ֮ǰĪӴ㿴֮䣬ûʲôֵעϢ
ѶɵĪĽӴǼɱ֮䷢ĸ顣
ֵע飬Ȼ֮λ컯棬˶Ϥ˵λֵĴԲûؽܡ
һλ컯̫գѶɵϢ֮Уȴ˶ԷһЩǶԷ֮Ƕ˵ѣôպ̫յĸֺ󣬶ǵֶһµ˽⡣
Ϊλ̫յȽصԵʣ϶ԷѾɵܹŵģЩϢҲࡣ
Īӿٵһ飬оЩݻͦõģ֮ǰλ˽⣬ҲǴӾıȽϸڿЩ֮󣬸оԷԼбøӷˡ
֮⣬ĪӱȽϹעϢϢ
λ߶ɵˣΨһ߰ɵʧܣǵĴȻ
ʱ䣬νرĵ͵ڴϺǱߣ̽ƣҲûеõʲôӦֻڴҪǰ֮ʱ¶ӴˮĴˡ
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壬һֱͳźи壬ʵǿ߰ȴǺƣܹѹ壬ǿʵһֱͳ
ʵһЩʵǿĸ壬˵ͻĸ˼˵ƷˮͳΣǸԼ壬ȡһЩôȴпܵġ
ЩϢµЩݣǱȽϡƽˣûжֵĪӹעĿɨһ֮󣬾Ͳ̫ˡ
ĪӸоûʲôֵԼעϢˣ׼뿪ʱ򣬾ͷǰƯĹĻУͻȻһϢ
ĪĿɨһۣȻɫɵ΢΢ЩݣΪϢǰ֣˻ʼݱ
֣ĪĿɨȥٵĽϢĶһ飬Ȼת߳Ѷɵ
˻ڰʱ֮ǰڹ֮£;ĿϢ֮ʱ׵ı˫ۣߵ˾ͷ
˻ʵѣ֮ǰѾȷΪУѾʼԽʳȨĽ棬Ķ
֮ǰѾԤϵԼʣʱ޶࣬ʶýģѾĲˣһ£Լ֮⣬Ҳ׵ˡ
Īһ·ߣﻹŸղſϢǿӼλʱͲ뵽Ԩ
ĪӲ֪ѣһˣҲĺвŻԲܹ̳˻֮λҲųΪǵӣӷ˵Եʡ
һĪӻصԼĵУߣȴ䵽˻ʳ񶼣˻ʹķ
ûе˻֮λĻʴΪʳȵµĳеߣȻĪӵĿעӣֻһλ߹ͶĿ⣬ûʲô취ֹҲûֹıҪ
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һ޺ʵԸǳƵˣӣĻǳĸߴ
Ҳϣͬʱһ˿Ԩ͵ԲŻѡΪ˻ʣҲǶ˵ļ⣬Ҳʺ׶ΣΪµ˻ʡ
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ܹЩ飬Ϊ˹ȫ巢չ֣Խ֮Ӷɲ̨λܹһӶ
統һԸ񣬼˻λϣֻҪЩܹЩֵˣɵĴһʵʳչĸ
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ڰ˰پʮһ 
ĪӵеСռڣһһƬյУԼңƣԼԿһͼһλֵӰ
ԱߣĪϸʶ̽飬Źӵÿһ硣
Īӷ֣컯֮ĺͨķܲһΪ컯֮һ֣ѾƵӣһ컯֮ԣеÿһ磬ѾԭĽƽܵںһȫֱ˴ˣĪӣҪеĽƣҲǳĲס
ͨķǾŵɽɱĪҪ̽еĽƣҲֻҪʶ̽УƾԪ«׾ܹ̽컯֮ȴͬ
ֽƺͷܵںϣĪҪеĽƣֻһ̽飬Ԫ«ɲʲôá
Ϊˣʱ䣬ҲҪĪԭԤƵĳ࣬ôһӣѾ˰ʱϸĲˣڻûȫʵҲˡ
Ϊ鹬һֲкʵСĪӽûʱѾǱС˰ƴСҵҲԭֻǱĪӷŴһȽʺԼ
Ҫһ컯֮ѱ֮еĻҪѽĪջʶͬʱһԼǰӣſҵĴС˻˰ƴСսС
ĪѾõӣ׵׵̽ÿһ֣ͨһֲкĪҲ˽⵽컯֮һںϣһı仯
̣ȫƵһʱ䣬ŵɽں֮һʱ䣬ѾýƺͷҲֱ˴ˡ
컯֮У·ȫڽƣΪ䱾ѾΪһֽƣڳΪ컯֮һ̣һ
ϸĿĻܹ컯֮еÿһ磬̵ķģṹǳȶȫĪеô
̽һ֮ĪѾҪȥֵͥĲкѾ컯֮μƾڵΪԼīȵ״̬ĪӸоԼɹĿԲ
īȻԼ֮ǰʱѾһֵڲĽƣͷΪϣżǱɾŵɽҪںϵĻЩطҪĲ
⣬컯֮ĪӸоԼʵҪԼΪﵽ߾ĺڣаա
Ϊһ㣬ĪǰѾ׼ҲеʧھҪ֪μ컯֮Ҳǰ׼һ£ȵԼΪ֮󣬾ֱܹӶˡ
ʱûа취컯֮Īȴûջ뵽Īӽʶ뵽ԼԪ֮УԪڵԪ«
ʱ鱦֮УѾֶһĿǰʮҵʮҲݻĹС
µһԭȻĪо컯֮кõĺôĪӱͬʱҲһķΪǰǰһС߾Ѿӽˡ
ĪʵѾѹˣԼΪ߾֮ǰԪ«еĽƳ͵̫죬뽫ַЧԼͻƵ߾֮󣬵ǸʱԼܹƾ˿ٵͻƵߵУǿٵĽ뵽컯硣
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Ļڴ߾֮УҲܹλΣ֮ѷɫһЩҪһĴߡ
Ī߳СռУ׼ϢƬ̣һĪӾɫһ䣬ͬʱϵϢ˲ͷŵĳǹǿѹΧһƬһ˲·ʱ䶼һ
һ̣ĪѾԼĵ⣬ǰеԼվߣǵӰĪ¶˺εɱ⡣
ʱ֮Īʵһֱڷţû뵽ԷٴγԼǰʱ򣬾ȻǴԼĵһֶΣʵЩˡ
ĪͬΪһߣһֱûпһ죬ԷԼĵӳ֣ΪҪ˵ȥĻʱ֣֮¾ҪΪˡ
ʦĪӣ̶ĪӽһȻͷһԼߵˣ¶˽֮ɫҪ˵ʲôʱȴĪֹˣ
ֶΣЩˣĪӶʱ֮񿪿˵˵ͬʱǿϢѸٵ
ͬʱΪĪͷųϢѾһЩߣһЩĿͶȴʱֹ֮ˣʱ޷ߵ
ĪӵĵΧЩĴҲȷĪʲô֣ΪʲôͻȻųԼϢġ
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֮ǰֶ伫Һ͵֮ĹϵҪӵеõҪģֶΣû˿Ŀܵģ
ʱ֮˿̵ǷǳƽԼЩΪҲûоôĵ¹ۣ˵û̫ԼߵƤڴǰͬҲһĲֵġ
Īӿʱܹ֮оΧʱţѾ÷ǳĻˣҲ˵ԼĵΧʱ䣬һʱڲֵ£ʱ֮Լ㹻ʱ䣬̸̸ν
ʱ֮ǳļ򵥣޷Ǿʱ䳤ӵˮΣԷĳ룬վߵ
ԼĵΪвĪлҪһԼӵİΣ
ʱ䳤ӵˮθԷöԷ˳ɵĻᣬĪӵȻǲԸģԼµĵӣԼʦֲòȡ
˼ٵתĪӿʱ֮񣬶ٴοڵȻˣǾ̸̸ɣץҵĵӣҪĶȴ׵ĸ㣬ҪģҲûô̸̸࣬ɣ
ԣʵҲ͵Ѻúõһģ鷢չһڵѣʵҲǳ壬֮ǰ룬ҵԴ֮ʱѡһ̬ȣܽʱգûֽˣʱ֮˵ͷĪ˵
Ǿɣҵĵ֮һҲ͵Ѻúõ̸̸ĪԣһƣȻ򿪵󷨣һ˽ȥ
ʱ֮ߵҲĪӵ󣬽ĪӵĵУ֮Уϵı飬ߵϵıȴǷǳĲÿ
ԭҲϾҪˣµӺһ½˵ݣַʽԼΪ˱вʦĳ룬кܲܡ


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ʦӡĪӵĻ̧ͷĪϵЦݣҪ˵ʲôǻ˵һ룬ȴû˵ڣֻñͷЩᣬ˫۲ɵþЩʪˡ
Īߴջأ֮еʱ֮һӣ֮ϾͶƱм仹һơ
÷ز÷ƣԸĻƷһ£Ī˵ţ֮ľƱƮֱ˵˾ơ
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ʱ֮˵꣬ͽƱյԼߣУĪĿһֱ
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ҲΪˣܹȺδߣҲŻɳѸ٣Ҳò㣡
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Ī仰˵֮֮еʱ֮ſڵҪΣ
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һ֮ʱ֮յ˵ͷ
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ڰ˰پʮ ߵ
ȫ֮еʱ֮һģϾ͵ȼһ⣬ڵÿһë֮УһƵɫĹâͬҺһ֮󣬾ʧˡ
ĪӿһĻ΢΢һܹܵʱ֮ϵֶĺܲһ㣬ǶԷԽĻˣ̽ǳ鷳
ĪղŵѡǾܲЭ취ȻĻ˵ˣ컯ȣпܹ
ϵһʧ֮ʱ֮˫ڿĻֱ֮һĲӰ
һԵڲûпʲôǶԷĶĪӵУȴԵޱȵ·𿴵ʱ䳤֣Ȼ֮Уʱ䳤δ֧ڣһ˿ߴбƵʱ䳤ӵڣҲϡ
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Īԣüͷȴһ£ĿһԵ
ʱʱ֮ӰһɳĪӵĵɿû֮С
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߬ȭĪӲĽһ飬Ȼ˵ҵԭһЩʱգ֮ϣ
ôһ˵޵˾ˣŷʲô飬ѾµˣΪߣҲܹʱ䳤֮У̽һЩѾȥĳ
øʱֶ֮ϯӦһ䣬ȻĪӣֱˡ
üͷ΢˼һ£ȻĪʵδģ
Ѿˣʱ֮õ˳ɵĹؼ֮һȷĪӵΣͬλߵĪӣǵޣҲó𱸣λҪеһЩģʿĪǷвȵķ
⻹ҪλѰæĪԣ˵
ǵ޲仰ĪҲҪĸλ߰æġ
ǴȥģҶԷõķȫҪЮԼˣĪ˵ľһγ衣
³Ӿɺޣ˲ܲ㣬ԷҪ컯ĪôܹöԷ⣿
̫֮ǰϵңҪɾ컯磬֮ǰѣ컯֮ΪߵĲΣǾǧҪ׵ĳԣ
ʱ֮ΪȻȱ컯֮ɶԷҲȫûгɵĿܵģϾԭλ֮УʵҲһġ
ΪԷɾ컯ĿܣҴǰȥҪλһ֮
Ī⼸仰һ˵ִ꣬ӻоȡͼȻ佻ϯӦ
ĸλ߰ټĪԼĪкܴİգʱ֮ڳɵһʹ˱衣
ȵʱ֮ɵʧܣǶԷʱҲҪˣĪӾģöԷ׵䣬ȥһС
ϯӦӹĪӵݹͼһԵĵޣȻͽͼĪ˵
İɣҵȻһ֮ģԲ׵ʱ֮ɵ巭
仰˵꣬һԵĵ޺һλҲ˵ͷ
ˣлλˣĪǰһ񣬱ʾǵĸлҲһˡ
ȵλ뿪֮ĪӸոתԭվͻȻϥһ䣬ֱӹĪӵǰ÷ǳͳһ˿ʵ˵
ʦˣ
仰˵ͬʱԴصߵ˵ϣȻ̧ͷصһߵף£ĶͷѾѪǰĵǲϱȽϺõĻҲˡ


ڰ˰پʮ Թ
ߵΣҪߵ׵ĴεʱȴԼһҲߵȥˡ
һַֻסӣشӵ
Ѿ˵ȫ飬ҲֻΪʦǣѣҽץסˣ֮ΨһĶߣΪҪΪʦ֮ϣҲûз֮
ĪӵĶ𣬿ŶͷѪĪ־һˮ⣬κϵˣȻ°ϡ
ûˮ£ԼƿٵĻָֻǻЩʵ˵ʦʺԲϧ۾˵ӣʦһĴ̫󣬶ΪӵԵʣʦŻܵԷвⶼǵ֮
֮УĪӺ˵ĶԻ֪ĪӸʲôҲ֪ĪӺλʱ֮֮źĳޣԷҪĶΪԼĪӾԲҲΪԼԵʣʦĪӷζԷ뿪û׷ȥ
ΪĪӵĵӣʵҲа취ܹԼʦвǾ˶ϣĻԷûԼʣȻ޷вĪˡ
ĪӴŲµ룬ҡҡͷȻ󿪿˵Ϊʦף뷨ȴЩˣ䵽λʱ֮Ҳ˵ûз֮Ҫ˶ϣҲ޷
һ˵˶ˣǾܱסΪʦ𣿴Ƿ񶨵ģһλ߲ҪƤҪֶεĻҪĶʼʩҲȱĺֶΡ
λʱ֮԰Լһ¼ҹˣΪʦȴУΪʦĵӳ֮⣬Ǻڣʦ÷ͬҲΪʦǣңԾû㣬ҲΪʱ֮вΪʦĳ룬Ϊʦֲһֱǻ֮£ô˵𣿡
Ī⼸仰˵꣬ϵɫ˲٣ĪӶ˵ĻӦʵҲİοˣٶĻں޺ͲʣҲ޼£ĪΪġ
һֱЩʵܹͨҲ֪οԼ̬ԣĪӽЩ˵֮ܿԼεļĵףΪδ޲ǰĶ
֪ߵĲΣ˵ңɼģǧȥܶﲻ磬ȴپһˡ
ˣ֮УɻʲôδģҪȥһ𣿡ĪӼ齥ĻָͶʵ
ʦڶɹ֮ʱѾý齻ĲˣûʲôҪȥˣæش
ǾͺãȻѾ֮ϣǾͲҪȥˣúڵ֮ɣڵһ֮ڣΪͿԲԪɾˣʱΪʦٴȥһͥ˵㰲ˣĪӵͷ˵
ˣҲ˵ͷ
˵÷ͻȻһ֮ϵЩһһԼʦĵܵطЩİȴϤ
ڵгĪ֮⣬ҲڣҲϤˣ˷ֿʱҲ̫ܰϤһ֮ϡ
߰ɣΪʦȴڵϤһ£ʮ꣬ҪڵкúˣΪﵽɾ֮Ϊʦ㿪ʼµڿΣĪվ׼ڵϤһ¡
״æվĪӵ󣬿ʼϤ֮
Ϊʦĵ̫󣬲ҲһСռ䣬һЩȽɲģСһԺҲʶһ¡Īһߣһ߸ԼĵĪӵĴ£ûãѾϤ˵
;·һʱ˼ȻϤ񣬾ϡ
Īһͻص˸ղŵǸ֮ͤУղĵطɫĹž޲
ĪӽҪǵģǶĲȣͬʱҲǸԼʱ֮ɵԷɹɵˣ֮ǰĶԹûֻˡ
ĪҪõĻᣬǽԷһʱֻҪܹɹֹԷɵĪӾ͵Ǳһĳ
ȵʱ֮ɵʧܣʱܵˣʣµһĳĪӺ׾ܹˡ
ƻǳļ򵥣Ʋʲôƻʱ֮ҲܹµɵĹؼһʱĪӾԻֹ֣ɾ컯ҲӦķ
뵽Ī˽췢飬ԼԷеʱ򣬶ûöԷõҪĶɾڽ죬ԷʱĪȴЭˡ
ԭȻĪӲϣԼĵ˶䣬ֻǺڣԼԼʦ÷
ԼʱûЭʱ֮񣬾ͻ쵽ǺڵϣԼʦ÷ϣĪӵˣԷŹ
뵽Ī÷Լո̤·ΪǳСʱʦ÷Լı
ʱݣѹûмߣڵܵ˵£һƫԶСسУҲֻһʿ
ĪӺ߳ݣȥʱ֪꾳ʿ洦ɼŵ񣬿˵ӲֵǮʱ÷ĪӵУǷǳߴģҲˡ
вΪĸߵֻͣǸ㿴öôҪƴһȥ㣬ȴ֪֮ǰǰȫġ
ߴӰĪӵУֹ÷һҪټĸĪɽ
Īӽʱ䳤ӵˮνʱ֮ȷԼǳĲôȴסԼĵӣԼӵУĪԼʦģӰҲǷǳĸߴΰ
뵽ĪͻȻһ˿Ц⣬ͻȻоЩˣԼûйʦĽ̵ҲڸԼΪ˴߾֮ûʱ۽ߣͱĮ
һЩϣΪĶˣԻԵ΢ЩںվԼΪ˵һһֱû˼
Ī¶һĨЦݵͬʱϵϢͻȻһЩĪӵʶҲһЩ仯
;Уںڰ֮ǰĪӣȻ֮䷢֣ԼΧĵ·òôڰˣһ΢ĹâԵһЩǰķܹ΢⣬ǰĵ·ȷķǰС
ͻȻֵ΢⣬ǴĪԼ͸¶ģ˸Թԣһ̣ԵһЩǰķ
ĪӲҵᣬڴ;д粽ǰţ͸ĹâĽŲнҲ΢˻ȥɴʱȻ߳˲̵ľ룬ǰһСĽ׶Ρ
֮ͤеĪӣǵЦȻţϵϢȴڶʱڣϿһ󲽣ﵽ˴߾ڡ
ϢûΧ˸оֻĪϢȶ֮ͤȻ֮ͬɳһɢˡ


ڰ˰پʮ ŵĸо
߾ڣԭĪӶԼٶȵԤƣڱȽֹ۵£ܻüʮܹ֮ﵽ磬⻹ǱȽֹ۵֮һЩʲô⣬һʱԽĻʱ޷Ԥơ
Īȫû뵽ԼȻͻȻһֱָԼ;УΪǰһ󲽣ﵽ˴߾ڡ
Ī˫֮󣬻³һ
Щпû뵽ԼһԼ˵Щȷ飬ȻǰһЩµʱ򣬻ԼͻȻµĸԵĹԣ֮;ĺڰԼǰһ󲽡
ֻԵԳƵһζĪΪͬʱΪ˵ԣҲ˸⡣
ˣȵˣиֲԣǳˣǧʱ⣬׷ĹУǧ£Ϊ˵ԹԣҲȻʧ
ǳΪ˴ߣҲҪεļסԼģΪ㣬Ҳĸ
վĪǰԼղͤѾʧֻʣԼǸʯա
ĪһԭʧǸͤͬʱ䵹תһ㣬һпٵĿʼָӲ֪δƮķɳգ֮ͻָԭͤ͸ղһģһͷ·һֱúõһ
ΪԽߣÿҪ磬ǾԽѣͬÿһС֮䣬ҲǳĴ
ĪӶһˣڴӴ߾ڣﵽ˴߾ڣһСѾԸоԼʵࡣ
ʵˣҪȥֹʱ֮ɵҲ͸ӵаˡ
뵽Īϲɵ¶һĨЦݣڶԷɵһ֮ǰԼΪһ̨ףĲ֪˵Էùã˵ԷıӦѾˡ
ĪѾ׼ãʱҪԷһϲ뵽ĪʼתԼڵķͻƴڵΪܺõԼ¶ϢǿȺ͸ղһ˿˿
ղͻƵʱϢҲ޶һСΧڣͬڵ֮еҲûио͸Ӳ뵽ô̵ʱڣΪǰһֱһС硣
ϴһĨЦݣĪ뿪ͤСռڣһĺʵԼոΪҲ˳һڴ֮;ǰջ
һתۣʱȥˣʱУĪѾΪͬʱڴҲѾˡ
ʱУľȴǺܴģȾ֮Լʦĵп϶Щ黳ģ˵֮ʱ֮Уȴо˾ϲ
Լٶȣȫ쵽һǰδеĳ̶ȣÿһεܹĸоԼĽһɹԼһµɹҪԣٶȥò˶ãܹﵽԪɵľˡ
ĽٶȵԭҲ޷Ǿ㣬һĻĪӵĵ
ĪͻƵɾ֮󣬶Լĵʵû̫ģֻ΢һ£ĵ̫ᡣ
һλߵ֮ڲ£Ҳǲһġ
Īǰһ仰˹ªңΩܰһλڵĵطֻһͨͨСɽͷҲΪһλߣӶմȾ϶ԷϵĵϣԷĻ
Īĵԭ֮УͦͨĵطĪλ֮ǱĬѾЩˡ
Щ仯Ī˵ûʲôƽʱʶĺˣɶΪȽϵ͵ĵ˵֮е޹һеļˣָоӵԡ
Ļ֮⣬Ҫһʱֶ֮ˡ
ԷʩҲۿģʱûʲôĸоǶԷԼǰʩĻȫо
ҲûСƶԷʩչֶΣϾܹԼʦרΪԼҪ󣬿û뵽ԷֶЧȻôǿڿʼ֮һŵĸо
ʱ䣬֮⣬Ҳ˲֮ϵȻеһݣĪ֮ǰЩ֮УѾ΢ᵽһЩ֮Ϻ󣬺ܶණҪ˽⡣
ʱڣҪ飬ﵽԪɵľ֮⣬˽һЩйص֪ʶ͵õȵﵽԪ֮ٿʼѧϰˡ
СռУĪֻͬʱ̯֮УŵԪ«֮Уһʱ䳤ӵˮΡ
ĪڵĿ⣬Լһʱ䳤ӵˮϣĿĶţʶҲεţŹһˮ˿ı仯
֮ϵԪ«ɢһεӰһʱ䳤ӵˮΣʹܹĪϣı仯
ĪģͼͨԪ«ʱ䳤ӵˮΣ׷ʱ֮ټ
Īʵڽʱ䳤ӵˮνʱ֮ʱоһӡǣԼ֮׷١
ӡ飬׵ľͻᱻԷĪӵӡǲصĶôأʱֶ֮֮£ĪӲԼܹصס
Ҫ׷ٵԷһֻӡһ취ֶζܹΪԽߵ˵Ҫ׷һˣ취ͻԽࡣ
ֻҪõһϢϢҪֻҪ֪µĶԼҵˣܹ׷ٵĿġ
Ҳȡ׷ٵĶ׷ٵĶΪԽͣԽױ׷ٵʱֶ֮Ĵߣ׷ͺˣһҲһܹ׷ٵԷ׷ٵĹбԷ
Ī׷ʱ֮ټľһʱ䳤ӵˮΣʱ֮õʱ䳤ӵˮΣԪ«ģʱ䳤УԺԪ«֮䣬նϵϵ
Īеһʱ䳤ӵˮΣҲǵһͬģҲܹ׷֮һЧ֮£ĪӾã׷ٲʱ֮Ҳܲ׽һЩ˿
ĪӲϵʩչֶ֮£еһʱ䳤ӵˮΣڷ˷ǳ΢Сı仯һˮ֮УԼ֮¶һ棬һƬڰգһɫǳ
ֻһţĪһֱעţܲ׽档
Ȼʱ䳤֮Уһ棬Ī
֪һƬڰյӦòǿ֮Уϵʱ֮Ĳʱ䳤֮С
ĪӽҪȷһ£ƬڰʲôطȻ̽һ£ʱ֮Ƿ
˴ĪӾվ߳Сռ䣬Ҫȥͥ鹬Ĳкȥ˳˵˵߰æ飬˵ҵƬڰպǿɫǳͲҪ˰æˣԼܹҵ


ڰ˰پʮ ǿվͷ
ĪѿջСǷҪҸ鹬кúõĲһ£̲ӹĪӵݹ鹬кֵУͬʱЦŶĪ˵
ǰĪҡҡͷҲЦſڻصˣ컯֮ڵΪʱҸðɣҪѸ鹬кҲûʱ򣬷ǵ˱˵Ĳ򣬻ǵȹһʱɣʱҪ
ĪʵѾ׸μ컯֮ˣ鹬кûãһ컯֮ĲкĪӻͨĲԪ«֮еĽơ
ΪͻƵ߾֮Ԫ«еҲһѾʮĪѹ£ʮĵûγɡ
Īô˵̲֪ĪҪѻתˣҲ˳˵ѵҲ֪ȴпԭʱ֮֮УȻɾ컯ϯӦ֮ǰѾ˵ˣĪѽǻнİɣ
ĪԵ˵ͷȻ˵Ѿʱ֮һЩ˿Ҫǰȥ̽һ£λѭҵʱ£һ֮
λͨͼ֮󣬸ҪĪָӣҲҪĪӷԸʲôǾ֪ʲôʱǺʵʱٳ֣ĪҪģǺǼʱͨһ£֪Ŀʲôطͺá
ĪӵĻ̲ҲĪӵ˼ԴҲͬΪѾ˴߾磬˵ȥ˵ָӣֻǴʱ򣬸ָӡ
ĪС£мǲҪöԷˣҪԸʱ֮õʱڶԷһ֮󣬱ϾԷǶĴߣǰԷˣʱǱȥûôʱͶԷɺģ
̲һ䣬ĪӽϯӦͼѾС
ŶԷеͼĪӻظһЦȻתȥ֪ͥϯӦ̲ˣͲҪԼʲôˡ
һ߳ͥĪӵУֳһʱ䳤ӵˮΣиֳ֮ǰǷ档
ȻƾԼ֮ĸӦĪζ֮УǿգȴûǿͣʧǿڣǿյıԵȥ
ǿգУֹûб߼ʵģԶǿյľͷ
ʵ˵ҲȷˣƾǵҪǿյľͷһܵ顣
ȻǿǷоͷĪ˵УֻҪǿյľͷһֱһȥͿˣҪӵ㹻ܴǿյľͷ
һֱһ򣬲ǿ֮ǰܹĲǿյľͷͬһǳϣӱմϷƻԭ㡣
һǿպǳһЩƣһԲһʵǺܴģһָϵĲͬ
ǿնһ˵ҲǷǳҪģǿ֮дǳܹ֮ԴԴϵĳ֣ԴԴϵͷųǳ֮ҫŴϵܿܿҪǿմ֮ⲻϵļȡϵĵµǳ
ͱһεȺ׹䣬ȻֱǿջûлָģԶܿǿ֮еʯ΢СǳڱԽԽ࣬ձոշǻǿѾ΢ָһЩ
ĪӵӰǿ֮ٴγֵʱ򣬾ѾǿյľͷǰģһƬͬ뿪֮󣬿͸ıĤֻǺıĤȣ֮仹һЩġ
ĪӽŲǰһû뵽㱡Ĥ֮Уо϶һַǳصѹΪѾﵽ˴߾磬ԿסѹǽɾҲС
㿴ƺܱ͸ĤʵȴҪȿȥĺܶ࣬Ī㻨ʱ䣬Ŵ͸һ㱡Ĥһ㱡Ĥ֮󣬾һָоˡ
תĹĪһ̳׵ĸоˣΪѾ׵ԭأ޾֮С
ΧһƬڣΧŨŨĻɫ壬ռȾĻһƬӵͬһеƺһеʼҲվһеսᡣ
ĪһӴϢڵķԷתΧɫϢſĪ׵ķΧڣûһ˿һĻɫϢ
ǰƬռ䣬Īת˿ȻĿЩɫϢϣС³֡
磡
ڵĵطǰ񻰴˵֮УӦñ磬ΧЩɫҲ֮
Īǰ񻰴˵֮УӦһеԴ֮ҲԴ֮һһʼڻ磬չڻ硣
ֻⷽ磬λ֮֮һеԴڡޡ͡Сλ񣬶ڻ֮ãȻ߶оǺ룬ҵĿ궼ճɾ컯ϡ
Ī֣ץһƻ֮֮й۲ţȻüͷɵһ¡
ΧĻ֮ƺǰ񻰴˵֮еЩ̫һǰ񻰴˵У磬ǷǳΣյĵطǴ޽ɶ㣬һ֮Ҳ˸׵ĴԲϵĳͻᱻ֮ͬ
ڣĪӸоΧĻ֮ȴƺôΣյģȻһЩƺҲûǰ񻰴˵ô֮ʼҲԶأ
֣ѵ˵޾պ磬ʲôһĵطɣĪЩɻ
֮ǰΪڻĳƺͬȴһһЩǣȴоʱĪ֮޾УΪ׷ʱ֮
뵽ĪʱѹеǣǽеһƸоЩĻ֮ȻͿʼǰС
ڴһ㱡Ĥ֮ǰĪӾѾȫϵϢת֮ʱҲֻſԼҷΧĻܱ֤֮Լᱻ˷֡
Լ׷ٵǷ棬ƬڰգĪӾϸ˼Լ֮ĸӦȷӦǿ޾ա
֮ǰЩɣΪʲô޾֮Уûп֮֮󣬷Ļ֮⣬ĪӾͲٻˡ
Լֻ֮ӦúĻ֮Щͬ׵ľܹſƾʱֶ֮ΣǿɫǳΧеĻ֮ſ׵ľܹȻΧһƬڰˡ
ѰԼָķĪһǰû뿪Լ̫ԶĪӾͷ޾֮УһƬſ˻֮ĺڰա
Ƭ֮Уһž޴ɫǳƯʱĵϣǳΧתΧЩ֮ʱһķΧ
ɫǳĪӵĽŲͣסˣվԭϸĹ۲Ƭ̣Īǹһ˿Ц⣬Ȼתߣ˿ûǰ˼


ڰ˰پʮ ·
޾֮ҵɫǳĪҲܹǳϣоʱ֮Ϣȷ϶ԷкܴܾǳϣȻҲųԷʲĿܡ
ʱĪӾ͸ӲˣΪһСģпܴݾߣԷ֡
ԣĪӸɴ˻صǿ֮УĵȴŶԷȵԷ׼׵ˣջҪص֮УȻ̤һġ
߾磬ȻѾܹ뿪ԭ磬޾֮Уվԭ֮еһԱûĶϿ֮ϵҪһԭ֮УԣĪҲĶԷ޾֮пһ
⣬˻صǿ֮УĪӳܹãܹעʱ䳤ӵĶֹǶԷԼ󵼡
´һ͸ıĤĪٴλصǿ֮Уξֱȥȴʱ֮ʱĻع顣
УĪҲǹȴŵģͬʱ飬һǸͥǱ߷Ϣ֪һ´µڶ飬ʱֳһԼĵУϵʹֶΣʱ֮ټδҵԷļ
ʱ䳤ӣȫϸҲû̫
֮ĪӾĬĬǿ֮еȴţȴڼ䣬ó˴޾֮Уһƻֳ֮һо
̤뵽޾֮ǰĪΪ޾գǰ磬ɵ̤뵽޾ڣȴƺģΪ޾֮еĻ֮ԺԭΪźܴĲࡣ
ϸ۲ϵһƻ֮Īӵȷ֣һƻɫӡ֮л֮Ĳԣܹھ֮󣬻֮Ļʣֽɵػˮ磬ֻ
ͬʱҲ߱һͬԣܹ֮ѾڵĶͬɻֻ֮ı֮еҪࡣ
Щɫȷǻֻ֮Ǿĳֱ仯֮ƺࡣ
֮Ļ֮һݻȴǷǳģǿܹٵЩ֮ٵĵʯǳԴԴϵɢǹ⣬ҫŴϵ顣
ĪӲ֪Ļ֮γɵģ֮̽Īȷһ飬Ǿν޾գԺǰ֪֮е磬֮ϵģ֮ǰ룬Ӧþһط
ֻƬΧԶ򣬻类ĳӰ쵽ˣԲƬ޾գҲֻŻ硣
ܹӰ쵽磬ĪԺðĵһͷ絮ԴС͡ޡλ
λȻ֪жǿӰ쵽ƬΧĻ磬Ѿ䣬ܲĳֶΣҲȻڷá
λ⣬ʣ¾пܵľ̫ˣλ컯棬Ӧͬ
˼Ǿ˳λ˼ˣ̫֮󣬾ֻ̫̫͡һˣǵĿĲ˾͸ûпˡ
Īв˼ЩʱҲϵţڣĪע⵽ǿյľͷǲ͸ıĤһϸ΢Ĳ˼֮оѡ
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ĪȫԼĿǳֲĵط֪Լȴõʱ֮ӦѾˡ
ĪĿע£ɫĹâһţӦ֮гֵϸ΢Ҳڶݵʱоƽˡ
Ȼ˶ݵʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ĪӼ׷ٵʱ֮ټˣΪ˱Լ׷ȥݾߣĪӻʱûжΪ֪Ҫ˶ãʱ֮ͻһʱ׷ȥʱ
ڣֻҪʧȥԷټѾ㹻ˡ
ǿոߴ̫̫Ŵǣ־һιâֻ֮Īڸо֮䣬һЩı仯
ǿ֮УͻȻ֮һжסˣԭǿ֮ӯƮŵʯЩ΢Сǳһ˲䣬ȫһԭŵģ˹̶ģͷ·ʱ䳹׵Ķˡ
ڤڤ֮еʱ䳤ӣƺһֹͣʱĽ̳׵ͣ͡
ֻЩѾʱ䳤ӵĽɾϵǿߣʱ֮ͣУûܵӰ죬Ż
ӦΧ쳣ĪӰ֣һǿգȻŲǰֱû뵽Уʱ֮׷ȥˡ
ȻԷڿһĪھûʲô˼ɵģʱȥֹԷɵʲôõȴء
ĪӵӰ֮ǰȻ֮俴һƬҫ۵⣬Ƭҫ۵⣬ǰһɵĵ·ֱͨǿɫǳ
ǿɫǳϣʱ֮Ӱվɰһҫ۵⣬֮⣬Χһŵĺ
㣬ԶƺָֻһССˮȫƲϺһСϪҪˮҪǧ򱶡
ǣпˮˣˮһһʱĳӣӵ޾ʱ
ССʱ䳤ӵĻ֮£˿̵ʱ֮ʱĵޱȵ˷·ʱԻʱĳ֡
ƺע⵽Īӵĵʱ֮Ŀתһ۳ĪӣһĨ죬δֳʲôܿͽŲˡ
Īӵĵ֮УĪô죬ЩЩԤˣΪ֤ͱĪӷˡ
Ī΢һЩ˵ҲûʲôӰ죬Ͼڿһʱصķ׼֤ԼܹȻĿһڴ֮ǰܵ˵Ĵš
ʱ֮Ŀջ֮󣬻ߵһܺʱ䳤ӣȴԵˣͬʱ֮ĹҲ˲Ϣ֮䷢˱仯
أڳ˽ɾǿ⣬˵ʱ״̬Ǿֹġ
εʱ䲨ɨأھֹ״̬飬˼άҲֹͬˣǵʱ䳹׵֪ͣͣᷢʲô
ĪӿһĻҪǰӽǵŲʱԭ˲Ϣľ룬ȴССǰһǰɫâ۳ɵĵ·ϡ
һ£ĪӸоԼǰĵ·ƺͻȻ÷ǳˣԭۿԤľ룬ڷ·޾ͷģǿɫǳȻɸоȴޱȵңԶԶ޷
ĪҲûо̫⣬ڿ۳ɵĵ·ʱͲµԼ׵ĴͨϾʱ֮ԼµķֶΡ
ϵķתûʹùľԪ飬ҲһθĪӵͷɢŨ⣬ĪεıĪӵĽŲٴǰʼһǰš
ͬʱ֮ͥе̲Ҳ˿̵ϣƾճһЩõɫǳʱ֮ӰվɫǳϣԣԷѾҪƺʹ֮ˡ


ڰ˰پʮ ʱ
֮ǰλͻƵ컯ʱ龰ڶ߶ѾİˣЩûͨˣһ棬Ҳ֪ôˡ
ʱ֮Ӱеʱ̲ף˿̵Ǹöֵʱˡ
֮춯֮ǰҲѾ׼˶֣ϾĪǰѾϢ͵֪ͥҪǰ׼ڶȫü
ͥͼ֮УλģȻΪ˵Ƚϸߵĵˣλ߶䵽ϣʼٿֹʱ֮ɵ
׷ѰĪӵϢ޺ܿ͸оһʱĪӵΧǺϵĪӡ
Ƿգյ޵Ը鶼ı󶯵ģһǰδеǿһǰ޿ɵĸо赲ŵʱҲоܹ׵Ľǿƿ
֮лӳһƣֱӹĪӵʱҪǿƿ֮гֵʱ֮ԦǳӰᣬϾֻǶԷԻǶԷһõӰ񣬸û̫á
Īɵĵ·ϣѾǰ˺üӰͣԭأǰߣʼնˣǰǿɫǳңɼġ
ĪҲҪֱӴݻɵĵ·ɵĵ·ô׾ܹݻٵģĪ̽һûκá
ҲֱǿɫǳϧֻҪһ֣ǰɳһξ֮ĪӾ޷ˣȻľͻǰĹɢ
һʱ䣬վǿɫǳϵʱ֮ϵϢѾʼϵİθߣֲֿƣ·ܹʱ侲ֹ档
ĪӼ֪ԷѾҪƿӴ֮컯磬ʱҪƿɫâɵĵ·ϿԷ
ʱĪͻȻ̧ͷоһɿֲ٣ǿȣѾﵽ컯
һɫĹĪӵͷ£ֱ䵽ĪǰԶƾǹǿǿнɫâɵĵ·Ҵ
Ī֪ͥǱ߶ˣͼչ֮󣬾ۼڶܹ֮ӳ컯
鵱ͼʱҪ磬ܴﵽ컯Ѿ㹻ˣƾʱֶ֮Σûа취Կ컯
һ֮£֮ɫâɵĵ·ĪҲųҫ۵ɫâû׵Ľ·֣ǿнɢ
ɫâɵĵ·ɢͬʱʱ֮ҪƿӴ֮ĵһγԣҲͬˡ
Уʱ֮ߣССʱ䳤ӣɫâҫУ·һߣչʱͬʱҲʼйʱ
ʱ֮ǰ·һɲǼ䣬;µϴʱն·òˣЩˣʹ֮һε·Ҳ֮±Щ࣬ЩŲסʱĥ
ʱйʱߣѸٵǰһײһĽڷ֮»ССʱ䳤ӣ֮һε亳һЩɲûƿ
ǿɫǳϵʱ֮øˣԼûһ֮ƿʹ֮ȻϵȴЩġ
֮ǰλ߿һ֮ʱϸ۲죬оԼһγԣƿӴ֮ĿԣԳһ룬ʵȴǣһǺһЩ
ԣҪٵĺʹ֮Ҫ֮ǰλ߸ǿɵҲ
˵ǰҪԳɵ֮⣬ҪһλѾǰߡ
ͷľԪĪӣѾǿɫǳ֮ǰīѾĪӵУԥؾǰȥ
ĪӵǰǿɫǳɢĹâ˲øҫˣĪӵĹɫâҫ£Ȼ䵽ɫǳϣɫǳȴǺˡ
ȻΪʱɫǳҲʱ֮һֶΣڿͨ컯һ֮ǰѾɫǳڽܵκιᷢʱתƣЩתδ
ĪʩչĹѾתδĳһ̣ζδĳһ̣ɫǳŻ˶ܵˣڲᡣ
ĪӼԼһ֮󣬸ûκα仯ɫǳҲûü׷ô£ֱӾͽԪ«˳׼Ԫ«ʱ֮Ԫ«С
ɫǳĻǾǳһսȥԪ«֮еĿռ㹻
ĪóԪ«ʱ֮о˲ĪӵԪ«ͿʼˣҲܹµ
Ī׼ʹ˲õ飬Ϳʼ˵ڶγͻƺʹ֮
µǿɫǳһ˲ͻȻʧˣȡϵԭõǳ
һ˲䣬ͥеĵ޺Īӣ˶Ӧͬʱ˹ĪӵԪ«ֱӽĿ׼ǿɫǳҪǳսֱʹ컯׼ǿеشݻɫǳ
ʱ֮ѾǰɫǳʩչֶΣɫǳйŲ֮ʱϣֶҲгܵļ޵ģͱ˵컯Ĺ޷ܡ
ĪӵԪ«ҲͬӵãϾԪ«Ҫ«УҲûֱӲ˺޷תơ
˫ͬĹ֮£ɫǳڳ֮ԭǳ˲ֻʣһ룬ҫɫâҲһء
ţֻʣ°ɫǳͻȻȼһƬҫ۵⣬˲ҫأʱ䳤ҲЩңؼʱ䶼һ̱û
Ƭҫ۵ɫâ֮Уԭգͬһƣȴûг׵ƿֻڳ֮ת˲֮ˡ
ƿ
ֱһ̣ĪӲٴʱ֮֮УҲڶһ˿ңѾŵĸо
ʱ֮ԤƣԼڶγԣܹƿʹ֮ģû뵽ʵȻôһ㡣
ĪӺڶһֵͬĻܲľͲôһˣѾһ֮³ɹˡ
Īע⵽ʱ֮ԵССʱ䳤ӣѾʧˣΪԷеĳ룬ѹ˸ղŵһγϣ֪ԼγʧܣͺеγԵĻᣬѡ˹עһǣĹעһǲôһ㡣
ĪڿûЩԷγȻʧˣеĳƺҲѹȥˣ׼ʲôèץӵϷ룬Ҫʱλʱֱ֮£Ͼ˶Էһϣ


ڰ˰پʮ ס
ĪеԪ«Ѿ뿪ģͷϵϢҲεʱ֮
Ԫ«ĺ«֮УѾɢһĿֱʱ֮񣬾ҪԷԪ«ڡ
ĪӲ׼ԷκεķᣬǾֱӶԪ«ֻҪ뵽Ԫ«֮Уʱ֮ҲûѵĿˡ
ڵʱ֮״̬ȸղţѾ˥һЩڶγͻƺʹ֮ڼעһµ£ϵϢû˥䣬ʵѾܵһЩӰ졣
ܵԪ«õԼϣǿеЩȣƺһ̣ͻᱻԪ«֮С
ʱʱ֮оޱȵĽò׿ͨ컯һǰѾȫ׼ƾŶǰλ߳컯ʱĹ۲죬Լܹɹһʮĵġ
ǰѾԤ뵽ĪӺĴߣһֹɵҲû̫ںΪǳ֣ҲֹԼ
ƫƫû뵽ǣҪƵĺʹ֮ȻǰλԵҪǿ󣬶ǿ˲ֹһ
֮£֮ǰǽʮİգͱЩЦˣĪӵ˵˵Ҳġ
ղŵڶεĳĪӺλߣʹ֮øǿˣҲܹһ֮£Ƿơ
ϧһжˡ
ת֮䣬ʱ֮˾ʱȥһγԣΪ֪ԼѾûгɹĿˣղŵڶεĳԣѾǹעһܹлеγԣҲ޷ղŵĹǿȡ
ȻˣҲؾˣֻܳεʧܣڵ֮ǸϽӵʱֻҪɹԺ֮УĻᡣ
Ϊʱ֮㹻ģȴԼһεĻᵽ
׼ȱסԼʱ֮û˿ԥϵɫâΧһεӰȻӰȡֱͶ뵽Ԫ«С
ǳᣬѸٵû뵽֮Уֱʱ䳤֮С
֮Уʱ֮ʱҲر𳤣ʱȨܹʱ䳤֮пĶӶڸҲľ顣
ͱ˵ӦԪ«Ŀǰ˵ΪʡΪܹԪ«ķ
ֻҪֳһԼͿɵ룬ְ취ʡʱʡԸԪ«ַٷ㲻ˡ
һз÷ǳ죬ֻһգ۵ĹѣĪӷӦҲͬѸ٣ʱ֮Ͷ뵽ʱ䳤֮ž׷˽ȥ
ڶԷʱ䳤֮УĪӶһԤϣΪʱ֮ʱ䳤ǶԷ֮ǰӦλߵʱ򣬾ƾʱ䳤ӵƣʱܹ֮ܺõԼλҵ
Ī׷ʱ䳤֮ͷʱ䳤֮ϣڡȥδΣͬʱ˸޷ֱԷӵ
ƾʱ֮ȫܹʱ䳤УѾȥʱڣֻҪͬһʱ֮еԼʱĳͻͺҵټ
δʱ֧֮УҪҵӵѣ޷ֱʱ֧֮УԷײһ
ΨһðһЩģڵʱ䣬ĪӵѡҲǳʵɫĹâûг׵أĪӵԪ«Ѿ׷ȥһɫĹâԪ«֮С
ûʲô⣬ɫĹâ֮Уֻʱֳ֮һı塣
Ԫ«·ɻصĪӵУĪһԪ«һīȣͷƯľԪ飬Ե÷ǳƽ
ĽŲֱǰһνʱ䳤֮УȻվʱ䳤ӵˮϣ·ʱϵ飬ۿŹº
ţĪڵķתǳɫĹâǰķվ֮Ϊģʼʱ䳤֮ɢ
ĪͻƵ߾֮󣬾ϢһҲ׵ı
ĪͬʱſԪ«īȣžóԼͼͼչ
Ƶӳʱ䳤ӵϷӣƺѾҪʱ䳤ӸӵĹˡ
Īӵ˫Ļָ֮Уʳһķģûʱ䳤֮УͬʱԪ«Ҳ뵽ʱ䳤ڣһƯīȣ˳ƮԪ«ϷȻ󲻶ϵ쳤һ˶Ԫ«ûʱ䳤ڣһֱͶ뵽Ϸ֮С
ЩĪӻĿڣλһ֮
Īӵ仰Ȼʱ䳤֮˵ģʹͥе޵˵ĶУΪһֱιעĪӣͬҲڹעʱ䳤ӡ
Īӵ仰֮ΪλĵޣͽԼյǿͶ뵽ʱ䳤֮Уֻһȥ컯ǿӻʱ䳤ӵתٶȡ
Ϊһٶ֮ʱתҲһЩɾϵĸֵУߵһУٶȶûⶼʱ䳤ӵӰ졣
ڵ޳֮Īɢɫâøҫˣʱ䳤ӣٶȱüΪʱ䳤֮еһУȻڴʱӳϷ֮С
һ˲䣬ڣһüΪܹԼ֮оʱ֮Ӱ
ĪӿһĻǵһץǵ⧲֮£ȻֱӱĪץסȻ˳
ǳͬģʱ䳤ӵδͬһ⣬·һεֱӳ˴˿̵Ľڵ㣬¶ʱ֮Ӱ
ڶԷֵɲǣĪӵСͨչԷεѹסͷľԪ黯һ⣬ֱӴ˶Էͷϵ⳹׵ĴɢͬʱĪӵУһɫӣҲ˶Էڡ
ԭʱ䳤֮еʱ֮Ϊ컯ʧܣӶµķѾʼˣϵϢ˥䣬ѹơ
ͻȻĪק֮һĹ䵽ϣ͸ӴϢһǧɣĪСͨѹ£ʱ䳤Ҳļλ߶סˣ޷ʱ䳤˿Ѿʧȥ˷֮
ǰĪӣʱ֮лЩ벻ͨԼȻʱ䳤֮УĪֱֶΣλҲûУĻҲңˡ
ʱ֮Ҫ󿪿˵ЩʲôʱĪץһԵīȣݺݵĳϣ˵Ļû˵ڡ
ţԪ«ʱ䳤֮зɳ˲佫ʱ֮Ԫ«УӦȷʵеʱ֮Īʱ¶һ˿ЦݣӣԷ׷κ˻ˡ


ھŰ ʱ
ϴһ˿ЦݣĪӽԪ«Ȼͼ΢΢Ĺ֮һ󿪿˵
ʱ֮ѱãлλ
һ䣬ĪӸоµʱ䳤ӣ»ָٶȣҺ͸ղȣƺôһ㲻һĸı䣬ֻǷǳϸ΢
ĪӴﵽԼĿģȻʱ䳤֮Уڱȥһͥ˵лһ°æĸλߣҪʹһ𣬽λʱ֮һ¡
λĶߣʵڼλУҲǰμĴڣεĪ֮ĪӵС
ʱ֮Ȼһѵʱλûг֣֮ʣҲû˻
¶ԵģȻһĺôǣ޹ңܶ鶼Ҫ˼ʲôʱͬҲǣ㣬ڹؼʱվ㡣
Ī뿪ʱ䳤ӣֱһԼڵλãȻͥȥȵͥʱ򣬼λĴߣѾͥſڵȴˡ
⼸λ߿ԼĪ¶ЦݣȻ΢΢һ
лλҲ֮ܳǰ֮裬ʱ֮ѱ£λһ֤ͬᣡ
Ī仰һ˵꣬ȡԪ«ڳдߵĿ⣬ҲеԪ«ϡ
˶֪ʱ֮ھͱװĪе«
ĪΪܸһǱؿɳΪ컯֮һλ߿Īӵĺ«˵
ĪӵԪ«ҲжţĴߣһ൱ķѾӵ˾ŵɽҲ֪ĪģжЩ档
ܹѺעһλߣֻ״̬ѵĶߣѾ൱Ĳˡ
ĪûнӶԷĻֻԪ«Ա߷Ȼ˾ͿԪ«һ˲ͱһ͸ģҵĿ͸Ԫ«һӰţǳʹӡ
˵ĿͶԼĪӼ͵ʱ֮չĶ࣬ʵǿҲҴ⣬סʱ򣬶ʩչҵĻͨ
Īôһͣ˾ˣΪʱ֮Եʹࡣ
ĪӵĻͨȻʩչĴ࣬ͨΪ֮һ࣬չʾ㹻޵ôҼסĪӵͬʱҲһЩ˼סͨ
Īڽ֮󣬽еԪ«ǰһף뿪ĵԪ«̱һЩа״Сֹ֮ͣ˼
֮Ԫ«ʱ֮ڳܵʹ࣬Ҳܹøˡ
˶ܹĿʱ֮ϣѾһЩõֲҿ˻䡣
ֻǣǸЩõֲɫɫģǿĻ䣬ɫȴɫġ
ŵĻ䣬ʱѾ׵ĿˣѾ˥ܵļ
˵ĿעУûãɫĻͿʼ˥ܣһƬƬĻƾʧȻһöССĹʵֲϣͬҲͨɫģƺʱĵϡ
Ԫ«еʱ֮񣬴˿ϵһѹˣƾ趥ߵʵʶѵģҲ֪Լڵ״̬Ƕô⡣
ѹеӵеһûа취ֿ£ĪӵֶͨţеǿɫĹʵ
ϵϢڲϵĽͣҲڲϵ˥Ҫ˶ãľҲ䣬ûбľء
ڵ͵ڵĹ̻ÿһܹԼо
Ԫ«еſ죬ƺںʲôȴûܹںʲôֻĪ֪ʱ򺰵֡
ʱ֮͸оԼ·ڽӽʱľͷԭΪʱԶûоͷģһ̣ȴһָоʱľͷҲпǴڵġ
ûа취ֿ£ĪӵֵͨķЧһȫա
ܿ죬ʱ֮͸оԼʶڿʼЩģˣΪľѾˣûа취άԼԪ«е״̬
ϵϢѾӴߵ䵽˽ɾ磬ϵɫâҲð࣬ϧǣǵ˴ʱĪӵһĴߣ޷ʱ֮ʵò
ǿɫĹʵô֮ѾﵽȭͷСöɫĹʵ֮Уŷǳӵķģֱ͸˹⣬Źʵı档
һĻˣĿⶼɵ΢΢һȻɨһһԵĪӣжһ˿ȡ
ǶĪӵͨѾܵˣû뵽Щ͹ˣöʵϸֳķģŵķʱ֮Ȩ˵ĪӵͨȨҲܹɡ
Ϊ䵽˽ɾ֮ʱ֮ϵϢٶȾͱøˣܿ͵˽ɣȻϢ˥䵽¡
̶ȣԷ嶼Щήϵ⼸ϨۿѾӽıԵ
ڣ˵ĿעУʱ֮ϵɫâ׵ϨˣǿɫĹʵҲһ̳׵ĳ졣
û˵Щʲôһ̣֮˵УһԴı̾ţҲð̫̫ŴǼ׵ʧȥ˹â
֮ͥУһõĳȻ֣֮ʼյ㣬ôƵţϸ۲Ļ΢΢ɫâкĻ棬䷢һУȫ֮С
ʱ֮ĹˣΪƿʱȨ飬Ĺ󣬵ȻԻʱ䳤ӵӰûʲôʺˡ
˶õʱ䳤ӣȫû˵ΪѾ˵ʲôһλ飬һλĴߣˡ
վڵжԵϵģǿһλڴ;е䣬ҲᳰЦ
һʱ䣬õʱ䳤ʧ֮ĪһУԪ«ԶСɻص֮С
ĪһԪ«ʧˣֱʱ򣬲˿˵
ӽ֮ûʲôʱ֮ˣʱ֮ʿ˵һ°ɣ
ĪԣҲû˵ʲô𣬶Թʹ˽⣬ʱ֮ǹᣬĪ֮ǰڶԷܵ裬ԼͶԷ֮ĶԹʹ˽ˡ
ѾˣĪҲٳѿ֮ʱŭԷˣΪȫûʲôҪ
ʱ֮Ѿ䣬лλѰ޸λѵʱ֮񲻻׵ıסҲ޷׵ͶԷȥᡣ
ѱϣҾͲˣݶһģǣĪԪ«֮󣬶һһк˵˵ϯӦнӹͼȻת뿪ˡ


ھŰһ ʱŲ
ƺƺԶƽһֱͺĪӻ֮һ
Īӻص֮һƺǳƽΪߵʱ֮䣬ȻܲκεӰ졣
Ҫ֪ǰλߣλ컯֮׷ʱ֮ټҲûܹնɱ˶Է
λʱ֮ˣڶԷ֮ǰҲ컯һ֮ǰﵽ˲ͬλʱ֮ʧܣΪʵҲһȺӡ
ʱ֮ϢҲûסѾڸĸ֮ˣȻһЩϸڣĲĴ徭ȴѾΪ֪ˡ
Īӿ˵֮еǣʱ֮֮ĶԹһ˶ϣҲøĸٴιעһĪӡ
֮УѾһ˵ǾĪӣԳΪһλߣų컯Ǳ
˵ڲͬҲͬģҲжЩڴ
ڶ߼սֿմڵʱ֮Уһܹȳһλߣɻþ޴ĺô
Ȼڳ׵бƣܹΧһ󣬴˳֮£Ʊ㲻ϵĵ춨ˡ
ҲΪʱ֮䣬ʱԴµ֮⣬˴˼䲢ûڱսԵĿơ
ĪӶ緢Щ֪һҲû̫ȥעϾվֻһʱģֻҪٹһʱ䣬һоͻĹƽȻ֮ĦҲ¿ʼ
ԼеСڣĪһöɫĹʵϸĴţʶҲ̽УϸĹ۲öʵ
Լ̵ͨγɵĹʵĪ˵ʵǵһεõ
һζλʹͨʱ򣬱ϾδȫԷ󻹱ǧĿˣͨγɵöʵҲһͬˡ
ǰͨĹУЩҲûʲôοļֵûбҪо
еöʵǲͬϣȫӶһλߵȫһöʵĪҲϸоһ£ĹʵԼԤ֮еǷֻܷͬԼһ㾪ϲ
еöʵȭͷСͨɫģƺɢ΢΢⣬ͺʱ֮ϵһ
ɫʵı棬ĿзǳӵķģǳĪҲɵЩ
ҲǴߣǻɽɾΪµˣǽӴöʵĻᣬҲöĵӡ
ģʱ֮񣬴ӵ֮ͱʱȨ
öɫĹʵĪŵһɹ㣬˷ǳʳ·еöɫʵǴϽĹһ
ֻζʳĿڸ֮һֱܵӽ֮ĪҲһ˿Ӱ졣
ĪӲûöʵ˼֪ԼȥĻԻ˻һЩôģΪҲܹ٣˵ʱȨˡ
öʵһʱ֮ĽɣԷһĿܣܹƾöʵ뵽ߵ֮УһɵĻȻЩ˷ѣ˵ԷҲƾˣ뵽ɾ硣
˵ߣûһߣѡöʵֻҪ־컯ģӦöô
ƾöʵ뵽߾ģͬʱ֮ģԺһĵ·Ҳߵúѣﵽ컯ĻҲã
ϸһо֮ĪͻȻ֣ԼͨӶõĹʵƺ΢Щߣǿãǰ;ߵǿԿǡ
öʵǺʺ飬ʱȨǵһλϣ²ܹȫļ̳УҲпͳһλһƷ顣
߶ԵЩãϣͲرˡ
뵽ĪӾͽöɫĹʵ
ͨϸ̽ɫĹʵԼ̵ͨĪԵһЩĽ뷨ҲΪ֮󣬶ڴ̵ԭ
ͨڵȷѾǿˣܹʱ֮ϣӳôҪҲΪʱʱ֮񣬱װԪ«֮УѾû˷֮
ԣͨܽʱ֮ӶһգôһĹʵ
ڼĽ֮ͨǰĪӻһҪǾʱ֮֮Ԫ«֮еŲ
ʱ֮ںĪӵļνӴ֮УûʹùĪһֱҲûоöԷʲôҵףû⡣
ɵȵصԼĵȡöɫĹʵʱĪӿԪ«оȻвٵĶŷ֣ʱ֮ļҵ׻ͦʵġ
Ԫ«֮еĶĪǰͶѻʮ׸ߵСɽҫŸɫĹâĪΧôһƬطҫʮɫġ
ǰһѶмһǸֲϣԶɲľӶ࣬һԴһЩǱȽϺɲġ
֮⣬һЩǵҩһЩ򣬳Щûʲôˡ
ĪǰѶĿֱӾЩ򣬴ÿһöɢĵϣĪӾ֪Щǳ󣬼пǵԼ￴Щһڸ֮еĴС
Īһ֣Щ򵥶ȡ˳ȻһһĿ̽һ£Ȼ֣ĪɲʶȴѾȷˣЩȷǸĴС
ȷ֮ĪЩһԣȻǰɽĶű࣬ٵĹ׵Ȼһһļȥ
һ֮ĪӷԼջ治СЩͲ˵ˣĳ̶ȼԸӣЩɲģֵҲԣҩͬҲһϲ
ܹһλ߷ϵĵҩȻһĶ
Ī֮ϲ֮󣬾ϯӦĵҩڼʵˡ
ʱ֮µ֮Уļƿҩһƿ֮װľܹ˶ͨĵҩһʮš
ʣµļƿҲУǳĵҩֵԺȺš
Ʋ٣֮ƺҲЩóһֵѾ˶ˡ
ãЩһ£Ҳܹһһˣε飬ǷľЩˣ
ǰЩĪȻҲ֪ǳһԼͬҲܹϣΪ׶ΣЩĲôصġ
㽫Щֳɼ͸ΰԼļλߣͥǱߣϯӦ˶ΰԼô˵Ҳñʾһ¡
Щ֮Ȼ㹻󣬵˶ݣЩĵҩλ߹ǿ£ΪµĵõõټЩ伮ӡôǾԲܾ
ǸļλߣһǳܹջһӦУ˴˶Ų©ȱ


ھŰ ûؼʸ
ĪӽԼջһսƷܿľͷΪ˼ݣҪ͸ˣеƷҲ΢΢һЩȻҲûǸԼһսƷϾҲǹ¼ҹˣҲŵӡ
ҳ⼸֮⣬ЩͽͽﱲģҲ𽥿ʼո¶ͷǣɾԪɣѾԽԽˡ
ǱߣôȫԸķչţ춨պʢ֮˲ĵӣЩҲ÷۴УԺ󶼻ĪӵĵôøԼĵ
ֺ֮ĪȴûмͳȥΪȥͶԼȥĻЩ̫ʣµĵȥǿԣȥĵҲ΢ЩΪ̫ͣԵŰݷò̫ӡ
ɾڵΪǿϺʣڻ׶εǾȫˡ
⼸ʱڌǣʱҲǿ֮ĴܣΪɾ磬һ֮
ΪѾ׷ڣɾ磬ͬôһ㣬ƻҪһЩʱգڵĵ֮ǾͻƵԪɾ磬Ҳȷ쵽׶ˡ
һĪӵûкʸԼȵˣԶʱûͳȥĪӸоҪ˶ãǾܹԼˣΪ֮ĸоԼ£Ҫһλˡ
еһӰͬһڿײֿ֮һӰΪһײֱ뵽ޱߵƺ֮УƬƺҳһն
Ƭ̹֮󣬱ƺ֮еǵӰŻһ⣬Ƭƺ֮з˳׼֣һӰȴѾԣץסļ
ˣ΢һ£⼸ЩƲסԼˣץס˵
仰ԭ׼ֵǣеĶͣɢϢҲĹƽ
һֻ֮³ĵͷԼߵ˵лǰˣ
ҲʶԼ⼸죬ЩԽԽƲסԼˣղžȻ޴˽Ȼ󱻶Էֱײƺ֮Уûʶһ㡣
ڱֹ֮ŻȻ֮侪ѣԼΪжôĲ侲
£׶ξˣҪʱԼ־裬ˣ뵽УʱԼҲʶһ㣡ԵĽԣָֻ˵һ룬ֱӸĿˡ
Ҳ˻׶Σ׶Ĳ߾裬ʱʱ̱̿һңܹȻȹģ֮УʱǸʶԼѾӰ˵ģԶ˵߾֮ģǷϻ
Ÿղźսһ˵˵ͷλɾʹ뿪ˣΪĽ֮һʱĲ£Ŀν൱ɣֻҪһ£Ŀǰڻ׶εЩɾͿˡ
ҲĲ£Ϊȷе׻жٳΪɣպԼһѣǰһԵҲͦõġ
ΪĶ󣬺ܶ౾Ͳ򵥣ͱ˵Ҫǣʲһ߾ʦ죬Ժ˵Եܹõλǰָ㼸䡣
Ƭһ˵ĸԸԼ֮λɾ뿪ˣֻҲû̫ԶξΧʶעΧ
ڶԷ뿪֮󣬾Ǹ˵ĸϣʼԼջ
ղźλսһ˵ЩʧأȥͶԷսԷײƺ֮У΢һˣһС˲ʲôָܹܿ
ǺͶԷսһжЩ򣬶عתҲø͸ˡ
һתŷָԼϲصƣһ߼;ʵǡ
ģǷ·оʲô˫ۣȻٵվŲǰһξȻֱû˿ռڣٴγֵʱѾղڵ֮ңˡ
ֿռֶΣǽɾϵǿߵı־֮һΪڻ׶εʱһ˾ܹǰ򵽣ͱ統Īӣֺñڵǡ
˲ôԶľ֮ԭҪȥʱȴǳһּ¶ͷ·ʲôںҪȥ
ʱֶԼĺܻԵñȽأڻ׶ΣǸûж룬Ųǰξٴûա
ͬʱԼĵ֮УһֱעǵĪӣҲʧˡ
ʱѾ˻׶εĹؼʱڣλɾǿߣѾûа취ˣͱĪԳˡ
ǵӰ֮ѾǿУѭǶԼĺӰһδû뵽ռڣϵǿеսȥ
пǵĪӣѾ֪ҪȥͬʱҲ֪ҪȥʲôûֹΪĪӿӦþΪɾĻԵ
֮ǿеսҲΪĪڰеĹϵû⵽κε
սϵǣûмǰǰվƺڵȴʲô
ͬʱӪһһλȫѪɫۼףߴԼҵĽɾǿߣĿͻȻ֮ǣͻȻһɫļʸĲš

λĽǿ˫۲ɵ΢΢һУ͸¶һɭȻɱ⡣
ʸѾϰˣȻ֪ʸĵϸãʸ֮µġ
кüΣҪʸĶ߸ɴٵãΪϵʸǶõļ
û뵽ôȥȻΪʸԼһֻһɾ塣
վӰѾȥǸã˫۲ɵñó죬סļʸҲĸһѪɫĹâ
ȻΪʸҾͻɣ³仰Ȼһ̣סʸֻ֣һ˦Ķеļʸһ⣬͸˿ռ䣬ȥ
ֵɲǣʸѾǵǰƺҲǰ׼ͬһʱʩչԼСͨ
Χƾճ˷ֵ󣬶Ҳ֪ӺδһҲû䣬ӭʸ֮⣬Ҳչ
ȻЩδ赲ʸֱӱʸƿȻʸǵ壬̶һգ۵Ĺ
żʸǣλĽ˫֮еĳȴûɢݶʼñŭΪѾо׳ȥǸʸЯͷͻȻƾĨȥ˰˳ϣʣµնɱǡ
ߣûԼŵļʸЩʧصƺһ˲ƽֶеĺ˲ʧˣȡ֮ľֻʣƽǡ
סʸǵͻȻ¶һĨЦݣͬһĸɾʣһ˲䣬оԼѾվ˽ɾĴǰ׶ΣѾɹˡ


ھŰ ˱ս
ڰеĪӣʱܹĸоǵ״̬֪Ѿɹ˻׶ΣҲΪʲôǸʸǵԭ
ֱɵļʸ˵һֱϵһȱͬҲĪ֮Եֵһʼ
Ϊڲ֮ʱǵľĪǵʱвŻĴŻӡ
ԭʸĪҪһģпܹȫϵȱǸȱʧֱۻָ
ɺѪҹ֮ʱԨͷʸͳ˧ͬھʸͱĸһͬˡ
Īӵûа취ʸԼûվڶԷǰ֮ϣĪҲһֱǹţֻ̫ˣҲһֱûλ˼ʸĽɣҲһֱûн
ĪΪﵽ˴ߵľ֮ǡǵΪɾڣҪ׶Σ飬˲һ뷨
飬ѾҪʦĲˣΪͻ֮ԼȫûԼʧȥĶпܣ鱾̤ɾĻԵ˿ǵ״̬Ѿ֤һ㡣
ϴŸɾʵЦݵǣгƽֶ֮һַĵϲá
ԼĶʧ֮󣬲һԲĸоҲһָ飬֪Լǰһ뵽һµĽ׶εϲá
סǸʸȻǲǵ֮УǸʸı棬ȴһ׹⣬ɢͬһľӨ
ͬʱʸеһʼ͸ǵڣգϵϢҲʼϵϵ
ǵ⸱ӣӪ֮Уǹעǵĸ֣һ֪ʱ˿̣ͻƾ硣
λղͶʸȫѪɫۼ׵ɣ˿̳˫֮УɫĹâ·ѪҺһ㣬ҪˣǿϢҲѾɢ
ϢǵǣƾһץһɫĹâ֮ϣͶһѺɫĳǹ
ѱʮ׳ͨ·ɫˮһ㣬ǰ˵ǹУ׶೤ͬһѿĳǶǹϡ
ѳǹλĽɽŲǰһ̤˼ͻһ⣬һǡ
ʱڿɾǣֱֱĺ⣬ƺǸûеֿ̺֮Ҳȫﵽ˽ɾǿߣܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ʱĪʦģȻܿԼĵӣͻƽɵĹؼʱ̱˴š
ǰһ㣬Īӵָ⣬һ۵˼µĽǵѪɫâײһȻ⣬ֱӽǵѪɫâɢ¶λɵӰ
ţĪ¶ԼΣվǵ࣬ľԪǵͷεĻУĪһΧĿռҲĪֱŤתǵ˿ռ֮Уһ޷
֮ĪĿſλĽɣԷųǹ¶Ũսɱ⣬һ˿˿˫ĿĿԼȫһҪԼֵļƣĪҲ΢΢Щ⡣
ǸʸǵʱĪʵѾ¶ԼǰλɣӦҲܹµԼΪ֪Ҫһλߵ£ԷȻȻȻĳ֣ԸĪӻ治֪ÿ仹Ǹñᣡ
ǿ֮еսĪΪһĴߣҲ̫óֶԸһɣһӣ׼ԷͻӪ
һõĻǿռֶΣֱӽԷŲƻȥɲĪӵֶʩչλĽɣϵĺⱬȻֱӳĪӵֶΣеĳǹâۣһĪӴ
һսԷһĪͻȻһĪζһֱԼԽսû뵽죬ԼȻһλɵս
սѾãȻҲһЩӵԽսʵȺɳѸ١
λɵΪѾﵽ˽ɾڣ룬ڿ֮ʵᱩȫԸ֮£һλ߾ڵĸ֣ӦܹսһʱѡĪΪĶ֣Щѡˡ
λɵƣĪѾһЩºֵ뷨ȴо֮޳ֵһλߵϢϨ˼
ǶԶԷжٹǣֻͻƽɾ磬ʱܵţΪ˱λߺԼ֣ӶӰ쵽ǣĪӻǾһ¡
ĪָǰһһξӨ͸ˮΣָⵯǿ֮ԵüΪҫۣ˸ľӨ͸Ĺâ·ǿ֮еǹںӦ
һˮεĪӹλɣȻ֮оԼǰ·ǿԼѹССˮ֮Уƺǿ֮еǳӯ֮УſֲѹԼ
ǹһˮΣȻͲǿ֮бһɾĵɻȥҲһ
ȥɣѡ˶֣
ǺɫĹâһ̱ø
ϵĺⱬλӲԼֹͣ˵ˣֻģ͸ղȣȴѾˡ
°˫ȱ㣬ֱӱǵǧףԴ棬ԲεĽǣѾԳԼԭΡ
ͬƥһ㣬֮һ٣Ȼͬʱȼ˺ɫĻ棬Ȼ֮ٴĪӳ
УԴԲεĽǣʱѾȻˣɢϢѾҪƽɾĽˣﵽߵĳ̶ȡ
ˣڷ·һֺɫĽǿ֮ǰʱѾս֮иֵĿ⣬ĽǿߣжеǳľͬΪɾ磬Ǿûа취ʩչǿĹ
̾ΪѪǿʱĪüͷȴ΢΢ѾˣҸ˶Էѡ˶֣ɶԷȻԼĪиӲˡ
Եһλĺ󱲣ĪӺԸָһ¶ԷҲпܻͶԷϾΪȻЩçײǵȷǺе
ΪģһλĽɣĪӾûйŶԷ˼ˡ
ѪɫĽٵĿĪ֮һ̣սĿռȻһ£Ѫɫâһ˲˵ҰȻž¹˺ڰ
ͬʱλɣݺݵĵ˻ȥǿз˻ȥԶֱӪ֮УǶһǳڲ
ĪӵӰվԭһƺղʲôûзҽĿת˱𴦣ĶǴա
Ŀע֮£Ǵ֮У߳һλȫ۾˿ž͸оëȻӰǧĿ


ھŰ µһ
ֳεǧĿĪɫǳƽĳ֣û̫ĵģΪԷϵϢҲͬƽûкԼֵ˼
ղŵλɣȻЩʶôǵ첻һֵĺʱĪӸղһ£ͬҲˡ
ȻһöԷԲСĿͷڹƲᣬûΣգҲûиԷ̵̫ƣҪĥ˿ڵĵϣѾǳˡ
ǧĿϵһֻֻ۾ϵգţͬǰһĹ죬ܹĪӵΣոоȴǰҪС˺ܶ࣬ĪѾоԼܹԸˡ
ԷʵЩ죬ϵÿһֻ۾߱һֱͨΪֹ廹޷ȫ˽Էĵϸÿһֻ۾
ԺĶֽ֣ܵĵСģʵڶԷֻϣҲԲܴĴ⡣
ĪܹоԷϵ֮۾֮Ув۾ߣѾ͸ԼղŵĿռֶΣڿԼԵǣϾֿռ޷赲Էߡ
ĪҪս֮УȵĿ뵽ɾ磬һѵ飬ǰǧĿԲԸģԷ֮пνպգҲĪӽոսһλߣ֮ǰһսŻǧĿͬЩ׼ס
λվǿ֮УƬ̵Ĺ˫δ˵˴֮䶼ųĬղűĪһĻȥλɣѾǿǳ֮з˳Ŀ⿴һվĪӣ¶ʮּɵɫ
ǲ֪ߵжǿҲûߵʵɸղĪӵʱоԼû˿ķ֮˵ĪӵʵԶԶӴλߡ
ڵѾָʼģһѪɫƬһѾˣΪǱ
˫֮еĳ죬ҲѾḧԼؿڣоȫ޴ʹһͷƺڸղűˣƶ˵û֮ôء
Ҳ֪ǼҲдߵĴڣ¸ղһ£ھͲôˣпܱĪֱһ
ԭоԼѾҪﵽ߾ʧ֮ͻȻãԼߵľ磬»һξ룬ղŵľٶЩɡ
ҡҡͷֱתӪȥҪȥһطˡ
֮ǰĿֿĪһۣĪεļԼУаԷģгһգһĪӣһѩ֮衣
ĪӸо˶ԷĿ⣬ȴûĪ˵ԷԺҪ׷ԼǻصԶȵԷɾʹߵһ죬ԼΪѾ֪˶٣˵Ǹʱ򣬿ܶѾΪ˶ߣ컯档
λĽ뿪֮ǧĿƺûʲô˼תȥٴû֮С
ȵԷ뿪֮ĪӸоΧйעߣҲȫջˣս֮УƺֻʣһˣԼԼߵǡ
ĪӶ⣬ҶջߣھֻҪȴǳɹ̤ɾһ̣Ҫٵı˵Ĵˡ
վĪϸ۲ǵ״̬ĪӸ뿪ǣʱϵϢڲϵĽͣѾЩ΢ɲˣϢܿҪ׵ʧˡ
ĪӶȽϤ֪ڵǣʱ䳤֮УѰԼ飬ӦϾܹ
ȻǵϢ׵ʧ֮󣬽ʱ䣬Ϣ³֣΢һͬʱ䳤֮е״̬ڲϵʱ䳤֮Ư
ϵϢԽԽǿҲʹʱ䳤ӣҲԽԽӽˣĪ֪ʮа˾ܹɹΪǵʦʱҲЩ
ǵϢĿʼͻɾĽޣŽɾ֮ʱĪеĵģѾúǿˣɰܾ⼸֮ˣˣǾܹ뵽ɾ磬ӴԼ£Ҳһλɸ֣ɣţܲɣ
ţĪӸоϢһ˲䱩ǣȻ˴ڶ⣬¶һֲ⾳Ѿʱ䳤ӣﵽ˽ɾ硣
ʱĪӲһҲ¶һĨЦݡ
վȴһĪӾͿ˫ۣԭվһ£ȻһԼǰ
һĪӽ˱ԼŤĿռȻϢЩǣЦŶͷ˵
ڿɾˣӽ󣬴;УΪʦܹĲˣ
Ӷлʦ࣡ĪһϵЦǸɾʡ
Īע⵽ֻһֱֻۣûгᣬԼֱۻָ
ע⵽ĪӵĿ⣬ĪѯʣǾڵôѾϰˣԲֱָֻˣʦµʱ򣬾ֻһֱֻۣԺҲɣ
˵֮ǿһԼյֻڣ֮û˿⡣
ղȫԳᣬԼֱֻ޸ˣûôֻǽǸʸУ˻
е֮ǸʸҲ֮ʧˡ
Īԣͷû˵ʲôֻһֱֻۣ˵ȷҲûʲôģԼԸָǾ˰ɣ׽ˣҲϰֻһֱֻ۵ӡ
ȥɣ㹮ΪΪʦȥһȣЩΪʦһ£û̸⣬ĪӾ׼뿪
Ҳ˵ͷֻ׼ҪߵʱĿӪһ
ǿǼǵԼǸʸʼʱһλĽ˦ģ淢ȻûпλĽɣȴǼȽ̡
һָоһĶ֣ܹΪɳĥʯ
ע⵽ӪһĿ⣬ĪҲû˵ʲôһѾʧˡ
ΪѾﵽ˽ɾǣ󲻹ҪʲôĪӶ׼ˣΪѾ˽ɾ磬֮䣬ѾƵǸˣ㹻Ա֮
Ī뿪֮ҲܿջĿ⣬Ųǰһ磬ν뵽ռ֮У׷Լʦȥˡ
ʱҲһȵΪ֮һҪսдһʱ䡣
һΪ˼ĥԼԼżٳɳĿܣһ棬ҲΪԼʦĪӺ÷ۡ
񲻹Īӣ÷ۣʵѾǽˣǿʵͬʱȻҲҪеΡ
ĪµڶУܹһĵȷ࣬ΪﵽɾģһûˣӦöȥ֪÷۵ĵӣҲͬΪ
պ÷۳Ϊ£Ҳ͸˳ˡ


ھŰ 
ǳɹ̤뵽˽ɾ磬Īӽ̵ĵһλɣص֮ƽﰲƽ͵ĵΪ飬ѵõ΢һ¡
е˶Ϊǿģ֮⣬ЩڳĳϣҲ׷׵ĪӵĵǱʾףأڌϵڣҲר̸˻ǱʾףأԼԼĽ
֣һֱ˼ʱ䣬Ȼ֮вŽ»ָƽ
֮ǾʹĪʦȥһȣֱȥͥ͸ţĪһ˶
һǴȥһңеĶͳȥˣĪϵûκһ˾ܾЩҲĪӽһε黹˴롣
ǻ֮Īӵͣûжãֱȥǿ֮еս֮ǰ˵׼ս֮Լ
ĪԭȸԼһȻȥǿ֮УϾҲһλˣûԼĵҲЩʣȥҴңֻܽʱѺˣҲʲôرҪ顣
뿪֮󣬴Լ˲ʱ䣬ĻڴﵽһԲĳ̶ȣԿ뵽Ԫɾˡ
Ӵ֮Īӵ״ӣʽȫ뵽Ԫɵľ硣
֮ĪԴȥͥһеӦˣȻʼԵĽ̵֮Ӧյص֪ʶҲѧ÷ǳ档
ڵٶȺܿ죬Ҳ֪Լ֮ٶȣҲֻʣʮʱ䣬ԱҪϧʱ䡣
ڸոճɾԪɣ֮ǰĻ۷ǳĻΪܹͻͽʱΪٶȣҲԿԼʱ֮µֶγ׵ʧȥ֮ǰԼΪܲܿɾ磬׷ںĽȡ
˵ǣʱͲÿˣܷﵽɾ磬Ͳֻǵܹˡ
ùĪӸеΪοһȱ㲢ʲô޷ܵ飬ͺ֪ȱ㣬ֲĻͷǰʱ㻹ȥϧֻһζıԹǾЩˡ
Ըץʱ䣬ĪʦģȻҲһѣʵ֮ʶ谭ѾԽԽСˣΪɾ磬ʵ⣬Ͼ㲻ʲô
µʱٶȴﲻǡ̶ֳȣҲпܹ׷
ƾ֮ǰ֮дĥµģĵȵǸʱĪӸоδûкϵĿܣԣڽļ֮УĪӶĽ̵Ƿǳĵġ
ʼ֮УĪӽ̵֮Ӧյ֪ʶɾУӦעĹذ֤е·ϲʲô·
ӵ꿪ʼĪÿһʱ䣬ʱУ÷۵ˣЩĪӵΧҵڳϣҲһĻԵ
Īһ֮£Ϊڵʱ̤뵽ɾڣŵ꣬ںˣȺشﵽɾ磬ֽΪһ󲽡
Ϊͻƣǿ֮⣬ȫûܵκεӰ죬ؽԼ
˵ΪٶȣѾǳˣҲǴﵽԼĿ꣬ʱֶ֮ν֮ǰΪﵽɾ磬Ѿ㹻ˡ
ʱ򼴱߳ȥսϣɾΪΪĪĵӣҲԼʦˡ
ʱҴҶţת֮䣬Ƕʮơ
Ѿɵ˵ʮص£ƺǵָһ֮䣬¸ıĶĲ࣬ԼΧˣǰӡ
ĪԼ֮еͤڣһڻķţӷϵֿĪԼġ÷ʲô䡣
ⱾĪԼ׫ĵΪֹѾε޸ģ֮ǰĪеһЩ޸ģϸƷζлûҪ޸ĵĵط
ĪϸԼĵʱӰԶߵͤԶʱͣµĽŲȻվԭأûгĪӣĪȴûжʲôӣо˽ӽ֮󣬾ͽеĵϣתͷˡ
ǰʮʱȥԼĿ꣬ʱֶ֮ʧЧ֮ʱΪɹĿ뵽ɾ磬ǵ˵ΪСһ󲽡
վ˵ԵøӳˣҸ˼š
ģһĵˣǳӢмϣȻվһֳλɵơ
ĪĿǸˣȻ΢ЦͿڵ˾Ϳɣ֮󣬾ͺ֮ǰ÷ʱһе
ףǸԣĿ˵Ȼһߵ߽Īͤ
ɣȥŻڵôʱ䣬Ҳڷ֣뿪ڣĪӵĵ
Լǰ£ԵûЩСĵɣĪǵЦֶһ˿º͵Ŀڵ
֮ϣӦѾڌǼʦˣòжڵĵӣʱҺúõϢһ£ҵĵС
Щŵĳϣǵĵ඼ΧȹЩӣԺȥһ£ˣǶܸ˵ģΪҪһЩˣ֮ϣ㻹һɾ͵ĻΪǲܺԵĶ
ЩһֱΪæµԼɵ޶ӺˣͬʱλĪӵʱ򣬿÷۵ӶҪСһЩ
Ī֪СģԼܹģҲûЩֻȰԼҪĽһ£֮ڵ֮ͻϰߵġ
Īӵһվһ֮󣬿˵
ף֮ǰЩи֮УԻĵģ
仰˵ȫǷĵģҲ֪ΪҪԣǵʱʵ߲Բôųɡ
Լʦ֮Ѿ֪Լ÷ͬΪѾ˾޴Ĳ࣬Ҫ׷ݲ࣬һܼѵ顣
ԴȴڣΪڷչ׳ʹŴȹ̣Ҫ飬֮󣬺ôľͻչֵģüһʱ
Ҳûкô֮ЩһѾ֮ϵڳϣǾԼԼǺĪ֮䣬ϵĸӽܵŦ
ڴϣɽ÷ۣŶǾһƬãպ󴫳ǣҲ֮ǰԸ
뿪֮ͤĿ⿴һ۸ߴգһâ
Ȼ֮ϣͲԼ֮ǰĳɼѾһƬþ棬µĿ֮꣬÷ۺڵһһ£׵ʵŵͷ׷ĵӲ£


ھŰ ýʱ
Īӵĵ֮ƽУƺֱһ㣬ԭ̫ЩڳϣʱñȽˡ
Щ˵ĿǰΪûǸߵɣȷǵĹǣǺĪ֮ϵϿҲɡ
֮ô˴֮ҲͱøˣҪʲô飬Ҳܹܺõĺ
ҲΪЩڳϵĹϵ֮ûãѾԼĵƽʱסĪӵĵסŬϤ֮ϵһУ缢ƿʵѧϰµĶ
֪Լ뷨ʵԼĿĵһվʵûʵ£Լǻ۳ȺػأҲûʩչĿܡ
Ȼʵһ͵ģɷǳģܹΪڵķչԼĳʱӳٰң֮ϣҲиģȴԼΪܹ֧Լıʱ
ʱûʲô޸ĵģ´޸ģҪȵҳɾ컯ˣ
ĪӵĵУٴηˡ÷ȷԼƺû취ټ޸֮Īӽе÷£ڵķĵһ¡
֮䣬ͨġ÷ȫ޸ģС÷ˣҲͬһʱ֪ⲿٴα޸ˣɵø̾ĪӦб׫˵֮УԼĵ޸ĵƵˡ
ٻһλˣ̶̵һٶ֮УԼ׫ĵôε޸ģʮУѾε޸ģȻĶĵط󣬵ȷǸˡ
жϲּģϾ޸֮ĵµĶѧϰȻӦøˡ
֮ĪӽԼĵҪóīȼΪԺɾ컯֮һһЩ׼ĹЩһֱڽС
ʱĪӶͻȻ֮һͣȻ֣ǰ֮һĨ֮оͳһĻ¶˼Ӱ֮еĴߡ
Ż֮УĵޣĪӾ֪ͻȻ֮ϵɵ޷ġ
ƽһЩӣͻȻ֮ϵԼĪȻ֪д·ˣҪҪĴ߹ͬһ¡
ϵλѣһйص飬Ҫ͸λ顣֮ǰںݵϱһϢ˵մ֮䣬ǱˮѹסˣΪñȽϽ޹⣬о˵ˮܳ˴£ϱҵȴ߶ᣡ
ϵλ֮һϻû˵ֱӾͽ⣬ϵҵĿ˵˳
Ļһ䣬Īڵдߣȫʼ˼
֮䣬ں޵ߣΪ⣬о˵ܹΪϵңȻλǷǳεģôԷȻεɡ
о˵нɾϵĸ䣬ĪðĵһͷİĴҲˡ
λͻ컯ʧܵĶߣѾһûϢˣΪĹϵˮҲǳĵ͵Щûʲô¶廹壬ѡ˹̬ȡ
о˵ҿѹôĺпܣλĴֲ֧סˣˮŲš
Ͼһλ˵ĶߣǾˣؼʱܹʵ»Ҫǿڵ֮ټе컯֮Ǻġ
ҪǰôͿԾ£ǲǣٸݾҵӦɣ
˼֮ʣϯӦһˣǱȽ׵ģûʲôðյ뷨
һ㣬ĪﻹǱȽͬģɵʱֿ˵
ǱߣҲյϢǺǵ̬һЩѾ׼˶ˮһ££Ķȴ屾Ϊ帽Щˮʹһģʵ飡
仰һ˵꣬ĪӾͿǰĻ֮УλϵıԲͬˣϵıЩζüͷ΢壬ƺڿȥӰ죬ͻȻ¶Цݡ
Щ飬ϾѾ˴ҸԵ̬ȣԼǿܻ뷨
Ϊ֮еİˮ壬ǵΪƺΪǽƿ󺣣д֮е飬ĸ塣
֮⣬Ǿĸ壬ı׼ֵĻʵԹൽ֮У屾ƺҲǲôֻ࣬ҪԼԸĻ
ζţ£ĸ壬һ˳µ飬ףˮҲ塣
ôĻʧȥ˶ߵ壬пܻʧȥ壬һʧȥ˼壬ζʧȥ˶Դ󺣵ľƿȨȻҪԽһĲʳڲķѡ
Ǽλ¶ζĴߣǾ뵽һ㣬ԲŻ¶ı顣
һֱϵƺǳǢ壬չһ忪ʼ𲽵زʳ壬ǵȷһֵζ顣
Щüͷ΢ˣҲͬ뵽һ㣬ֻǵĲص㣬ӿǵӰ졣
ɹĲʳ£˴ˮͻ᲻ϵ׳֪֮еǷǳֲģˮÿһκ巢սʱ򣬶ڻңһս֮ʱֻдڻҵԴԴϡ
֮ľƣԽԽǿѾ𽥵ĵ춨һЩƣɾ뻹û̫ʱʳʵõֻ֮ӭͷϣ֮ǰ춨ƣͻᱻƽˡ
Щ΢üͷˣھڿĲӰ죬Щ¶ЦݵˣʱҲǵЩɳЩӰ֮⣬ǻ飬ܹõĺô
ˮ˥忪ʼʳΪʲôԴлںϵ񻯵֮££ˮ飬˵ͱüˡ
£ɣҲԺһ𣬶Ըˮ壬Ժ͵һܽԷ׵֣߳ҲԴˮʵΪȡ档
ϴܹ뵽Щ֮⣬Ŀǰڴǰ⣬ʵζԴˮ⣬ζԴ⣡
忪ʼʳˮǷˣƲȻһֹͬ棬ҪֹǣԴˮĺøУҪһѡˡ
΢˼һ£Īʱ򻺻Ŀڵˮ£Ҳܷ׳󣬲ӦýһʱҪˮ壬һƿźڲȶˮ壬Щ棬͵ɹ£ˮһ֮ٳְɣ
Ǹʱ˽٣ڲҲΪõһ壬ʵҲ̫󣡡
Ī仰˵֮󣬻֮еǼλ߻࿴˿˼Ƭ֮󣬵޵ͷ˵
Ī


ھŰ 
ǻôõĴߣһĶ˾۾Ļʧ֮Īҡҡͷ
ղ˵ݣõдߵͬһתһ룬ܹĪӵ˼
ⱾͲʲôǳ߳ļıֻڵǰ֮£ȽѡѣҶܹס
֮ڵһ֮֮⼸λ߾ͶĪ˵չһۣ֮оǶĪӵĿ佱֮⣬ƺĪ˵ʲô߼һ
̸֮䣬ͽ飬ҪƵĪӵͷϣȻĪȥһˣʵʱʹ֮ĸֽӴһ£ܹƯĽ
Īһ֮䣬ǲ岻죬Ȼ䵽ϡ
վֻ棬飬ĪӱŵװףʵĪԼԸ⣬аһЩԭҲ˷չ
Ī֮ǰǽʱ֮սƷֱ͵˸ţԼϴǷµĴ󲿷飬ɻһûл
Щļֵĵ伮УҲܳ飬Կڽһ鷳ƵĪӵϣʵڸĪӻᣬܹ׵İ黹
˵鷳һЩʵҲ赣ʲôΪ£Īһ˵飬ҪʱĴ߶֡
һ鵽ʱǳһЩ⣬岻һ淢չĪҲḺ̫ΣֻҪľˡ
˵Щԭ֮⣬ЩǷ˼ĪӾӦеģôõĴߣÿһ˾ҲٿԼʵҲǹԼã׼ԼһҲǻĿģ֮Ҫµǵ˼ȥĥ
ô˵Īǽˣ򽻵ıȽ٣ε飬ĪﻹЩȤ
ĪԼĵ·ڼ֮̽УԼĵ·֮Уˮ֮ⷽ湫żߵ裬ĪᣬĸֽӴһ£ԷûԼѧϰļֵ
ΪѾ˴߾ڣټǰߣܹ߾ڣ컯ѾԽԽˣĪӶԴҲ˸Ŀ
ڽ˺͸λߵ֮Īӵͷ˼Ƭ̣ȻͽԼ֮еԸ
ΪʦҪţΪﵽɾ磬ҳҲжʮأܿҪеһЩˣڴ֮ǰЩȽ̵һɣȹ̵֮ҪΪ֮ʱûл㾡ȥ
ڵѧϰͬ˵ΪѾ˺ܶ࣬ԱҪ첹ϡ
ھЩѧϰ֮һʱ䣬ɾУѾʼ죬֮ȻкܶҪѧϰҲһʱ
⣬ɴʱ俪ʼѧϰ֮Ϊ֪Īͼ֮պܹóȺսһǳ;
ԣʱѧϰݷǳĳ㣬ԼѧϰҲԣĪֻǼ򵥵İһ¾Ϳˡ
ڷԸһ֮ĪӾٴ̤Լĵһ˴ϡ
սĪ֮ǰѾһˣҼһλ˼ĽɸƽԷҲּΪģΪΣգһ񣬿ܾͻٲ
Ϊʶ˶ԷĹϵĪ֮󻹺بһҲĪӵһʶɵʵȻܹǿ̶ֳȡ
վ֮УĪĿ·Ĵ󺣣һ޼ʵտ󺣣ĪĿ͸׵ĺˮ˴֮С
ĿĪӿٵˮߴԼ֮ĵطмش֮мûκεҿˮֲ֮Ҳ٣ֻܿں׵ɳ֮УһЩǺˮļ׿ǡ֮ġ
ĪĿˮۼĵط߸ոȥĪоͿһ飬ųҫ۵ĹԣЩĿòƿټˡ
Ļͦɭϣһλѹ󣬿֮еȷǳˣˮ˿̽ߣĪȴûһ˿ŭ⣬ȷˮµϢʵԡ
ϵ֮սδɵģ˾ϣսҲֻλɸ֣ǺѪҹǱ߲ͬߵĽɸֻ֣ǻǣƶѡ
һĪӼƽʱںĽɰطһ𣬿ΪǢӡ
λ赲ĪߵĴߣ赲ĪߵĿ֮󣬲ûнһжԣĪҲͬûͼȥ֮̽е
֮ͬǰ˵ԴϣҪһʵʱʵʱȻڣʱĿģֻȷϢ˽ˮûеҪúýӴʱ
תĪӽŲǰһһСռС
һĪӾͷĻһεѾȻͬˣˣɽкӣһл԰֣һȥԵΪ¡
ƽӦѾֻˣĻ仯Ȼµ߸ģһλµߣǱȽ϶ˡ
ĪӵĵûϢ̤ƬСռʱСռ֮µҲĪӣæĪӵǰ֮󣬶Īӿ˵
棬Īǰ
Īӿǰ棬ԷһϮ£òҲķǳӢ÷ǳã˵ĸо֣Ӣ
ԷɾڵΪȴԲ˾ǽ⣬䣬ĪӼ֮Уʵ˵Ҫ˵࣬ǰλ棬ǰġ
ҽ˵ĿģѾ֪ˣȺ˵˵ԼЩı仯ĪӴ˶Էһ֮󣬱ֱӿ˵
ܹɵˣǲ򵥵ģÿһ˶иԲͬʣ˲ͬĸоòŮ޵ʱ򣬿ܻȽϳ㣬ɶһ˵Ҳֻǳһ䣬̫⡣
Īǰ֮УȻϸǰ˵ԣҲ˵˵֮ӣĪһơ
ĪҲûп̸Ļֱվ˵ҲȷЩס
ԷλãȻǰƽλãֻĪӵƽʱ򣬶Էݵóĵǰλĵľ˺Ŀˡ
Ŀ΢ɨ֮ĪӾͶŴĿĵʧȥȤֱ֮ʾ濪ʼ˵⡣
ĪˣҲҵֱӾͿ˵黹Ҫ֮ǰ˵Դ֮ÿնѲӺսԷʲô©֮ˡ
֮ǰѲ֮ʱִ֮춯Ϊ޹ԭڿ֮ʱо˵ҪǿҵĶֻ࣬дܹ쵽пΣԾͽϱˡ
Щˮ岢δ֮䷢Ħȴ֣尵Ѿ˷дܵ


ھŰ һֺ
Īһ֮󣬶ڶԷ˵ݣ󲿷ֶŵģǶԷ˵ģ⣬ܹоһ㡣
ΪԷֹо˵һλߵҲܹ֪ͬЩˡ
ǲΪԵʣԷĸ֪ǳһȴӹɵģϾ͹ˣ˴඼ԼܣЩ޹ؽҪģҲû̽ıҪˣ
Ī˽Щ֮󣬶尽Ѿһ㣬ٴο϶һЩҲ޷ȫȷϣ˭ܹȫȷһء
ĪӾͰԼ˵ģûֻʱ̹עĴ󺣵ı仯עûʱ֮С
Īĵȴֻ˲ʱ䣬ʶ֮оͳĸֽ˴֮УеЩǣֽеͬʱͬҲĸ֣Ȼ庣ݵķˣûԼΣǴ󷽷Ĺġ
庣ݵı߽磬ЩפںݵĴ彫ʿʱĿյĸߴһͬƲһģë׵Ŀβ͵Ķı߽翿
ΪȽϸһЩ佫ܹǸë׵ĺβһĶΧӰ
ӰȻΣǶսһֱǣӰƺ壬ҶԷΪܸߡ
ȻӶԷķҲֵ֪ĿԲ
ӰĿںݵͳ˧ȫʼ䱸ͬʱеľеѾ׼׵Էֹ߲ƣǶֵʱǻŷĻᡣ
ӰѾ˾ǰ߷ǳĵطʱͳ˧Ѿ׼ҪˣɾʱӰͻȻͣ
ͿǰݼĪѣ֪ɷһ
ط֮ͣһǳ·Щ彫ʿĶУĽʿоԼű֣·һ˲òˣ£һִһУùͷЩ
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ѼȻѾˣȻüһ棡
ĴΪַ·һĸоЩȫʱһղֻһĸо˲ʧӰˡ
ˣĪѴͼͿٴֻһĶУͲֻĸоˡ
˵仰֮Ϳˣһ˲ʧ֮УСռڡ
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ܹĪӳһѣͿΪȻﵽ˴ߵľ磬ΪȻֻд߾ڣҪĪΪͲ٣Ҳָոս߾ˡ
Ϳ߸ˣҲݾŮӣֻͿԵö˼֮ƺֻߵġ
ĪӴһǰ֮ŻĿڵͿѣǽΪ£
ĪӵʻͿ¶һ˿Ц⣬øӾĶǣ촽Īӿڵ
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ȻˣǶӦҲѾ˽ˣ֪ȷģǵѾӦ֪Ŀģ
ͿĪӵĻ֮ϵЦݲ䣬˵
ѵĿģһЩ֪ϾǸ̫ˣ˵ʲôĻֱԣĪ˵
ĪЩװɵ㶵ĻͿϵıû˿仯ֵܹסЦ⡣
ѼȻҪֱԣҾֱ˵ˣ󣬾λ߰ѾϢ嶥䣬û컯棬ʱβͬԸ壬ҶӴһ֣
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Ī˵⼸仰ͿǰͿ̾һȻһЩԹ˵
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ͿǴһֺ̣


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һλרĪһΣƺгĺĪ̸˹飬޹濴ûʲôʵͻᷢĴö졣
ĪӷֶԷʱ򣬶ԷǷֱ·һ·ֱǰ˺Уһ·ߣһǹġ
ֱӴǺΪ֮һǳУҲܵɹʶôǾΣˣһĵǸʱյ壬յ塣
֪ҪߵķӦǵĲ²⣬Ӧòѡ֣һԸǣֽӴΪѾǴ˾޴ѹ
Ҫģѹͷǽ֮У߼塣
ͿĪӵһӴ˵˵ʲôǷ˹ʶһʵҲ£Ϳ뿪֮󣬴ڶʱѾ˹ʶӶȥѹ
ЩͿһ˵ջ񣬾ԲǰһˣȻʱڴϣܹĴɹʶԽһϷֵ
ٴ֣һԸĻ³ԲãȵϷʱõľǴͷ
Ϊûа취ڴ֮Եʣµʱռ˴󺣣еˮҲս֮У󺣣ͬҲĵ̡
ղ壬ӽֽһЩѪȻʵǣǶĽˣ
ĪںͿӴ֮󣬽ϵһĸλߣͿ͸λһ£ݣȴǷҪϵ£Ǻ͸λ飬Ҫֹڶʱڣ弸ǿĸ⡣
ңĪӻĴֽ߽׶ΣĴڣȶƵҪԣôʱҪǽ뷨Ļ֮䣬ȱһĻ壬յµĽ֮䣬չһĴս
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͸λһ֮󣬴һ˹ʶ飬ҲȷĪӸӴ
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ееӣͬԼ÷۵ĴУͬĪʦҲͬ÷
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һ죬ͥ棬ڻصݵСռĪˡ
һĶãͬʱעطĪӣ߹ĽŲЩɫҴңʶӦڵ֪صϢҪԼ
ȻĪӵǰ֮΢΢һ񣬾˵
Īǰղ֮ͥеõϢ徭ڶ฽Ӵ帽֮Уƺһ壬忿£ļǷѾ壬ʱ޷ȷм൱ɣ
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Ϊһɣû⣬ֻҪ֪ĪӶ£ȫģͷˡ


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ȥǳ򵥣ֻҪܹȥһȻĪӽǿֱӸˮĸ֣Ȼˣ֮ûκεΣգҲҪܶԶ
֮󣬽ǵȴˮĻظȻڼ䣬עžƵķչ᲻ʲô仯
ʱںݵСռڣĪû棬΢Щء
ˮǺܳס˵ҵݰѹû͵˵ֻ߳ıʣ
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˵õһˣĸֺúõһģĪһֱû֣ͣȻ󻺻վȥ
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Ļĵȥˣ»ᰴԼԤڷչܹõģȴҪԤڣЩˡ
뿪Сռ֮Ī棬·εĴ󺣣Īû˿ԥλһ⣬ֱӾͽ˴С
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Īν󺣣ԼϢ󷽷ĹȥҲҪྪλĴߣ֪ԼĿġ
ĪһˮУϢ߲Զλˮ߷ˣûеĪӿλˮ߾Ѿ
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סƬȱɢӨӨ⣬˲պһ𣬽˰УͬʱȱĲʣ·һ˲͸ģܹĿеӰ
īһƽƽĹ켣ջǰסԷȱͬĪԤϵһԼĹɵľͱסˡ
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ĿģĪջīȵ˲䣬һΧĴ󺣣Ŵ󺣵档
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ڲľ֮һµʱĪ̷ԴӿռĸоʧˣΧĺָ˱ģͬʱλŮȻҲʧĸӦ֮С
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ĪӳָоͬʱղվĵطƬ޴ݵ͸ȱҲʱܳ׵ĺ£ĪӰ˽ȥĪ֮⣬ûӰ쵽ΧһС
ȵĪӵӰʧʱǸŮͻȻ֣֮ղǾ޴͸ȱҲ£һС֮Ưǰ
ƯǰȱܿĿʼ𵴵ƵԽԽ󣬷·ʲôƿǶ
λŮ״ǿ˳黯һâ뵽ȱ֮УȻȱ𵴵ķȣͱС˺ܶࡣ
ȱ𵴷ȱСŮϣ¶һЦݣɫ֮ͫУƺܹһ˿֮ɫ
һ˵ӡ󣬶ȽºͣȽǿӡƽʱ˵ʱƬȱһֱ͸ΧƺʱὫ
˶ΪƬȱǷ˶Ի
ʵϣȱȷŷЧҪЧʵһ˵ķƬȱһϣԳһƬأռǳͬʱǳļ̡
ֻҪУǴߣһʱҲҲҪʱĪסڡ
һУսʤĶ֣һҲûʧ֡


ھŰһʮ ѹ
һƬտ嫵֮УĪն֮һƬž·֮Ψһ顣
û뵽ԷƬȱҪĹЧǷ˵ģڲȻԳأĪӿ˵
ǰƬطǳĹûдأһƬޱߴ󺣣ڴ֮ϣƯǵһЩӦƬ֮Ϊ½ذɡ
صĹЩȫԵƬ֮в鵮ƬصˣҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ûаͽƬ֮ҲǿǵǼ˵İɣ
ȻƬصĹЩȫ˷棬Ч൱μģҲǳȹ̣ĪѾŹ˼ˣûнƬƿ
ĪҲƲƬأʵϣĪͨ⼸ι֮оԼֻҪʩչȫҪƿƬһرѵ顣
֮ûƿƬأĪҪϸĹ۲죬ѧϰһ巨ŵ㣬ҲѧϰһλŮֶεŵ㡣
ĪӵīȣҪΪ컯֮ģ׼ʱ򣬶ӴһЩķƣõ̡
⣬ĪҲڵȴߵŸղŵĽ֣Ѿ߲ˣڱضѾ˹øԼǰࡣ
ˣԺлĻٺúоһķڣǿЩȥɣվƬȵ֮УĪӰĸӦƬ֮ٴο˵
ڷγɵ֮ڣȻܹһЩŵҪϸ˽ֶⷨΣڼ֮еɫв꣬ЧҪõöࡣ
Īӻһ䣬еīɿɿ֮īڿУֻɢĹâøҫˣͬʱīȵҲʼһɫĹâͬѹӢһ㣬īȱ濪ʼΧɢ
ЩɫĹɢ󣬷Ƭصĸ䣬ǽӴˮ棬ǽӴЩ죬ֻǽӴ֮еƲʺ󣬶ѿȻ
̶̼֮䣬Ƭ򲢲Ƶ֮ڣͳ˴ŵֲīȣӦΪġ
ָ߶Ⱥͷ·ҪǿнƬضһΧЩֲҲ·Ҫ׵Ƭصÿһռ䡣
ʱİŮں͸λĴ̸߽׼ղŷ飬赭дȸǹȥȻٴסĪӡ
ɾ˵ʱͻȻ֮һΪоĪһεҪΣķѾЩ֧Ųסˡ
£ҪǱĪˣŮͣ¾Ͳô׵ˡ
Щţȴǳƽģûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǰλ˵ĪӾ̽һ֮Уˮڱ֮һֻ֮Ƕݵĺҽ֣뺣֮Ҳֻǿһۣ͸æ뿪ˣӦǸӦǵϢ
ˣ¾ҷŵһԣ⼸ˮȷ٣̽Ҳ޿ɺǵģϧǰһţҪӴһ£ܷѰ󵽰ʱ˰ɣŮǰλߣԶһĻ֮󣬾˵
ţֵЩ죬һֱĵˣʱȼհɣżӴȻȥţһЩʲô˵Ůͷ׼ȽȻ뿪
ѾоĪϾҪˣҪȻ취ѹĪӣ
׼ߵ˲䣬ŮѾȻķע뵽Լķ֮УҪѹסĪӣʱȴԼѹƺûʲôôԼķѾһЩļ
аһáŮ׼뿪ʱϢѾһ˿仯ߵλĴߣҲͬʱһۣǲһЩԡ
ڰŮ뿪˲䣬ͻȻռ侹Ȼˣˣȴߵλߡ
λ߿ڽסŮϣһɫĹâͻȻţһ۵ɫĹâΧ֡
âһ˲䣬ԭҪסŮλߣͬһʱˣŮҲͬʱѡ˺ˡ
סĪӵƬȱٴγ󣬽С
ɫĹâܿˣâ֮ĪѾֳīվλĪӡ
ڿĪӵӰ֮ѸٵתĿ⣬ǱߵİŮ
ĪͻȻǵǰɺͰŮղŶ˵ĻЩͬհŮ˵ĪǺ±֮ˣڣĪӷǴӶԷķ֮гġ
о䵽ԼϵĿ⣬Ůа̾һվʵ㣬ûסĪӣҲĪӵЩֱӳ˴֮Уò¶ˡ
ָһԼƬȱеһطһ΢ɲİӡ΢Щ𣬶ˣȫڶģڲƬܵ˾޴ˣƾƬȱǿȣô׾һӡ
Īӣǰݷĸλѣ֮ǰѾ˰ƺĸλ̫ӭǰҪĸλߣҪһȷĴ𸴣ǷĲӴĪӿǱλߣ˵
һ仰ԼĿģǰ¶һ£ΪЩᣬҪԼ嶯֡
ֳЩĴǰĿѾﵽˣǾûбҪټˡ
λŮ飬ĪţĴ߻ᴦ׵ģͲҪԼˡ
ĪӵĻ֮λĴŮĿ⣬
£㣬İ壬Ҳв֮𣿡һλĴʵ
ɫͫ˶ԷֿһһԵĪӣżڣġ
壬ƿش󺣵ʱ̫ˣǶԴ֮еĸ壬ѹȵʱҲ̫ˣ
ִƴ֮ȵУѹ˵ԷĻһλϳŭݣʵ
еһɺ֣·ҰٰŮ֮еŮҰУȡһ߼Ϊ˶Ķɣսģ˼ֹ⻹㲻ѹ𣿡
ֻҰһ壬ĸ壬³ҲǺö٣еĵݣһֻǰһλɱһȺ׵ˣЩ㲻ѹ𣿡Ů¼˵һ֮УܹѾһѹֵ
ͳ֮и壬ǵУȻҪⱾӦ֮壬˵ѹȣµĻλĴ˿Ϊһٴκʵ


ھŰһʮ ס
ڴ֮ûѹȣĪӲʵʵĪӿеģϾ֮еĳƺˮ壬Ǻ塣
۾Ӵ֮еˮ壬һ֮ͳ˧Ŵ֮е壬Ŀɲʲôʵ֮ģʵʵڵ
ǰʼʶʱˮƶȣڴ֮һҶ嶼ǵĸ塣
ζڴ󺣵ľƿأҲֳܹеʵͬҲǾģͱ˵ڡ
һʵѹ֮壬Щϲôķô壬һЩ˼صĸ壬ں档
ʹǰֲںȻǲܴڵġ
µĻĪҲȫţΪһѾʱҪҵǷǳ򵥵ġ
ëǳĶ࣬һ޿ɱ粵ͱ˵ռ֮а˳ϵԴŸĹսϵӰԽԽ١
ЩǷӳΪǳԵ⣬ҲѾˣ˻ҪЩЩ¡
λĴߣڿµĿУѹǿҵŭ𣬲ΪµıѸѩϼ˪Ϊ飬ǵĪ˵淢ġ
ǼΪ壬ǰ˵飬ΪУȻӵķŭ
ŭȼ֮࣬λĴҲҪԷϻˣǾ콫£ȥðɡ
˵һԵĪӣղѾ˵ˣݷģĿ϶Լ壬£弱Ӵһ£ڻٵĲľơ
ѹеŭλĴһ˿ڵҪٽƱˣڻ־ܣǻȥɣ򣬽壬֣֮
λ˵ʱһλߣѾһһ·ˮĥɵ͸ӣ滹һ͸
ڶԷóʱĪӵĿ˹ȥӦ֮ϣɢֵϣ֪һŵɽɱһżǱȻһܹɹΪ컯֮ǱѾǳˡ
ĿҲɨһλеɱȻٴ𣬡֣ɱԴӵ֮ɱ֮µûмɱ֮µˮȴ٣ǿЦ
Ļһ䣬Ȼǿͬһ飬ǰսҪһ
վһԵĪӣʱ򲻶ɫŲһΣ׼ŲһԿϷǲɫվһߣֹߡ
ƾµΪԲǰλߵĶ֣οղźĪսһƬȱ֮еأѾĪ˵˸ʵۿۣ͸ӲλߵĶˡ
£ҪλսĿܲ󣬷пս̬Ȼûߡ
ǳᣬ˸оܺ۸£ĪӸղѾˣԾͲߵĻᣬҲ˳á
ӰŲһԵͬʱĪҲȻ֮佫ΧĿռһ˶Էܵ·
ע⵽ĪӵĶλĴжһɣٴȷĪǴųҪ壬Ӵһ¡
ȴһ֪ԼѾܲˣ켫пܻᱻץס¼ҲΪǰĪӵߣһʵҪǿ
ѾеһȻǰˣ൱أδؾ͵˲صĳ̶ȣԼҲһʹ䡣
иͷ¾ͿλĴߣеı̧˳
ɱһ֣ʼϵһ˲ͻ˹Ǹֱ֣ڴ֮з
Χ¶ȣһ˲ͽ࣬ĪԼΧʼˣٶȣĹ򣬿Ƭͻᱻ׵Ķɣ
ոշһ㣬ĪӸоͷ·ʲôֶ£˲ѡ˺ˣ˳ȥ˺ԶţͿղǸ͸֣ѾС
Ҳǲ֪ܣɴ˿ΧһΧ裬ɭĺѾΧһ䵽
ĪӼˣһĨɫƺ׾ٵľͱôסˣԷȻΪ磬ǾֿĻ׵ľͱס
ʶ࣡ĪôţλűֵߣȴѾһǸջأҲʱС
ȵջ˷֮λ߾ͽĿ⿴ĪӣȻ¶Ц˵
Ī񣬵ݷãǷǳӭģֻǲһЩС£ѾˣĪѷģĪѷĻھͿҶǰ
ˣȻǷģĪԣҲ΢Цſ˵
˵仰֮ĪҲͬʱоЩЦȷǺܰӣô飬ľѾüëˣܹԼֻǳһЩС¡
λĴߣһٴγֵʱѾ˴󺣵ΧˮѹѾǳǿˣе񾳽ʿѹ֮¶ܲס
Īѣ˴ѾӽǰͲ׿ˣĹȥ;ĪҲһҴ֮еķ⣬½ϵǱһζģһλ߿ڵ
ǻųȻ㣬֮еһûмλ·Īӵ˵ͷ˵
ĪӷΧĹһ㶼ûб䰵£߻ԽԽǿˣΧĺյû硣
Īӵ֮УʱѾ೤ϡŹֵ࣬صˮֲĸ֪֮У˲ǿϢɾϢĪӾѾʮ
ͬʱĪҲ˲ٴ֮з壬Щ඼ڴЩֵĵ̬졣
еһֱƮҫΧеһˮݣȻˮвϵζеֱӾ飬ĳλɢŹҫΧ
׵ĵϣɺˮأɳһףЩӨ͸ˮЩâҫ֮£ԵøƯ
ЩɺˮಢͨĶܹƷģڴ󺣵ĺףȴ洦ɼ֮ҲЩȽ̺ͨࡣ
忿ȺǴȥҪȵ֮ǰԶâΪĵطǾˣܹ壬ǲడĪĿ·λ֮һλ˵
ĪԷĻĿǰ˿ѾԼԼǰĹâȷӦþڡ


ھŰһʮ 
һֱһȽصĵطΪˮǵأ֮о͸ˣûж˼
ʵҪ˵ˣڴ֮е壬һҲûпֻ֪ôһطѡ
ǰɢԼѾԿƬĵطĪӾܻûпѾоĲ
Ĳ˵ʹǹâ֮ɢĵϣԼϢѾԱȷһǳĵط
ŲϵĿĪĿ֮еľ￴øˣҲɵøӶݡ
ҲĪӼĽҲĪӼռĽĪģΪݵĽ
ΪˮΪǽ·ɺЩÿһͨĶģдĲϣҲﵽ˱ĵĳ̶ȣﵽɲĳ̶ȵ٣ЩҲֻǵжѣǰƷ̶֮УŲϺš
ĪӵעܿͱЩĶһͨ͸ͬˮɵĴһſиʯһҫĹʵ
ΪľĪȴȷһ䣬ľʵ߱Ч
ǰֻһһ޴ԼɢĹЩĶÿһǶһǺˣﲢȱǳ֮
ڹΧһЩŵĹţɢҫ۹âԴЩš
ƾĪӶ֮裬Īӵһʱͷ֣Щγһ󷨣൱ǿÿһ֮УڲһɱƷײ̫͡
Щ֮⣬вĪӶȵıûаڷŵôԣĺѾ¶ɡ
ĪڶЩɣǲ˵Դ֮ڶѹȣ֮дĲƸ£С
Ī΢΢ЩݵģһԴλĴߣʱҲɵöһۣ΢ЩԵá
λ֮С֣֮Ҳ𺳵ˡ
ĪѣһȥѴкѺõѵȴģ֮һλЦŶĪ˵֮󣬶ԷӰͼӿһЩֱӽ뵽ڡ
ʣµһλĪӵߣҲ¶ЦݶܵĪӦŵģأҲԸסԴｨܹˣָ
֮ǰйλˣֱ̫һ̫λ棬Īǵ壡
һλ˵ͣһ£Ŀ⿴ĪӣƺڴĪ¶еҵɫûп뿴ġ
Īע⵽˶ԷԼĿ⣬ҲܹµԷ룬ɵЩȻʧЦ
İ൱ǿڼ߹֮£Ҳǳǿ¸ղŶԷܵʱͺˣ֮ǰ嵽õλʼ̫һ棬Ϊĵһˣƾʵġ
̫飬ʱӦñȽϺƽҲӦƾŶߵݣܵ
ԼΣԼǢһ£Լζҵ˼
ͷ֮䣬ѾǰǰˮŻһ㵭ɫĹΣ·һˮĻһ㡣
ղһλߣʱѾڳǰĪһƣȻĪӭ˽
ͬˮĻһĹΣĪ̤뵽һ̣ĪоһŨ޷ݵлǳ֮ȵȵӣָš
һ·ĪҲǼʺĵطˣν֮ܳضĵطҲûмʶĪӽŷ֣ǵۼĻûκһطܹȵеĻ
ҲΪڴУǺˮԵʣѾˮΪһ壬Īӽĵһʱ䣬оԼ·ĺ֮УҪֱȾͿԡ
һΪӵһΪܹͻͽ˶ԵܻῨס˾֮ǰһƬ̹;ġ
Ī룬λѣѾȴĵˣھȥɣղһλߣĪӽŲ΢΢ɵһ£ҲɵһĨЦ⣬ĪӼ˵
忴ʱ򣬴ʱ򶼻ʱ̵ıȱ̵壬رǼĪߣ֮Ҳ̲סľȣоͻһһȵˬС
Ѵ·Īڶݵľ֮Ҳûھô׼ȥļλߡ
ĻȷǺã֮·ϣĻֻҪ̫ͿˣҪĻǶڵ
λߵĴ£ĪֱӾΰǼ乬Уһݻ֮ĪӺܿͽ˹
һţĪüͷ΢ɲһ£Ϊĵһʱ䣬ͷ乬УȻλڵȴ
λߣټߵλô屾λߣɲһС֣ܻȫߡ
λߣټϴ֮壬ˮߵĻҲʮλ
ĪüĴ󲿷ԭ򲢲Ϊִڵߣڶڴ֮ϣøӵĿ⿴ԼϵϢȻûзųкǿԣ˺ܴѹȸС
ոռ棬͸һ𣿡Īͷȴ˿ɫ粽ǰȥһֱߵʱ򣬰˵Ӧͣ½ŲˣĪȴǰȥ
ʱøӵĿ⿴Īӵߣ̲ס³֡
ֹ
һڴ֮лصһֻһЧԵúܺ
ĪԷںҲûмǰŲ̾վˣȻĿ⻷һǰλĴߣȻ΢΢Ļȣؿ˵
ǰݷã˼Ҳ˵վӭͣˣܸҰ𣿡
Ī仰һڣ֮һߣͬʱɫĪӹλҲһΪһ̿ʼĪӾĴ壬չӴνӴĽΣֱӰ쵽İΣ
Ī˫ָڱϵЦݲ䣬תͷߵλߣʵλѸһ·ǰ·ҲȽ飬ڵ˵طλܸÿվ˵δЩʧ˰ɣ
˵֮ĪӾͿǰˣƺǵȴжĸԼһӹ
ˣΪߣҪµĻһӺᣡһλߵ
ҿǴųģΪˣô˵Ҳһ£׵Ķ÷˼ҼȻͬˣҾԼɣĪٴο˵
һ䣬ĪȥȻ󣬾ƾճһͺܸƯӣ߶úλƽ롣


ھŰһʮ ĵһǢ̸
ȱģżߵĴͱ˵ĪԼ۳ӣ͸ӻֲԵĪӣϢȻûзųȻ֮Ͷһ
ȻҪĪԼڴ߶ţһɣҲЧ
Ī֮ˣΪǰļλĴߣƺҪԼһԲص˵ġ
̸飬Ҫһƽȵ̬ȣοİһεĽ̸һܹһ׵ҪüεĽӴһЩֶΣղܹﵽҪĿģǾͱǴһʼʶĽӴҪǵİһա
ĪϣϴЦ⣬Ŀƽӣԭڴ֮УĪӵλߣһЩС˼
ǼûлӣǰѾڽĪӵ̬ȣŽκĪ̸
ǻవʱѾһλĴ߿ˡ
ĪǴ֪ν£ʲôҪҵģ
ĪԷ仰ϵЦⲻ䣬ȴڰҡͷٵѾǰ̨ˣʱԼĿģǶһ٣仰ֻ˫̸Ŀɣ
巢γûںһЩмԽǰЩ飬ĸλѽӴһ£̸֮ǰû̸λѵ䣬ҳΪߵʱ䲻ʶЩǳ£Īӿ˵
岻ѻ̫ףĪҲ͸ǶȦӣ϶޷һ̸ףͺãʶһǰλĴҲ
λĴԣ˿ڽܵĪѲ֪ҵȣҾѽһ£ǰ㣬ĿǰҪľߣԵλǰͰԱλǰ棬ҶǺĪһͬģҽаһλǰ󣡡
򵥵Ľڳλ߽һ£ϳ֮⣬ʲôû˵
Īһһʶһ¼λߣĿܿ˰ϡ
λĴûʲô飬һģΪҪľߣĪӾ֪ԷǸ¶ˡ
ҪǣĪλһ棬ǵǿ֮У廹ڽսʱ򣬶ԷһλĴվƫܣʵǿ
ȻﲻߵĲΣܹվǰʾվƫܣʵǽӽΡ
֪˸λߵ֮ĪӽҲҪˡ
壬֮ǰϵһֱǳǢʱ䣬ڰһЩ֪λĵǷ֪ĪӶǰλʵ
Īôʣλ߾֪Ӧõˡ
ʱ䣬һЩѣȷƵĳ뺣򣬺һЩӴ֮ǰµİЩ˵ˣԺҵҲҪָ˵ѵڴʱϰһ𣿡
һ˵ǰ϶Īӵ˵Ұµ飬ֱӰڵ̨ǰΪĪڲȥ˵ǷĪһ䡣
λҪģȻǺģȻ֮нս֮䣬ҪٵöˣĪԣֱӵͷ˵
лĪ⣬Լ飬ԼܽõģͲҪĵѲˣʱ˵
ĪգϵЦøŨˣûһԼӵķ֣Ŀ⿴мİ㣬ȻЦ
λѵʵһ飬Ӧûκģƺλٵ⣬ֻһ尡
Ī˵仰Ŀֱֱضİ㣬Էϵɫûзκεı仯ĪĿҲûôֱֱĶŶԷ
ϢͦͨģЩ飬嶼ܹˣĪѾͲزˣһοڵģڰߵİɫѾԵЩˣȻĪ˵仰öԷЩˡ
ĪԣĿת˶ԷϣȻɨһļλߣϵЦ˲
ȻĸλܹҾҲˣʵҲȷҪ֡
˴ǺгӴģǰȻûаﵽʲôæҲϣͨνӴܹһ֮ĹϵλΪɷ񣿡
Īӻһ䣬İڵһͷ󿪿ڵȻԣ廹ܺ彫ϵһһ£һЩĽӴ
ĽӴѵ˼ǣĪԣЩʵ
óнףӶȡ裬Ϊ˻֮Ĺϵ֮䣬һЩԴϵĻͨޣӶ͹ϵ˵
ĪԷ仰ٵ
ҪһЩԴϵĻ˴֮以ͨޣȷһֹϵĻͣǣͲô򵥵ˡ
Ŀǰ̬ȣûȷһ£ʱģֻǽһΪ֮ƽ㣬ӶﵽȫĿġ
£߿չһԴϵĻܹõֻԴѣȴܹͨ飬ʱòô֡
һĪƺӦôӦĪʱȴͷֱӿڴӦ
ԴϻͨޣǵȻû⣬嶼ȥ֮Ҿͺһ£ЩҪģʱĵҲԺѽӴ裡
ĪӴӦ˸ɴ࣬İ㣬вɵøоЩԣλĴߣͬҲô˾ǲЩס
ѾڣĪҲѾӦʱҪĿڣѾЩˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҳû뵽ײԾֻܵ˵ͷĪ˵
ˣҵҲᾡ˺Ǣ콫°ף
ǾòˣĪЦŵͷ
뷨ҲܹµԼӦ˸ɴ࣬ǰļߣзЩˡ
̴úܺãҷԴ㱾⣬ԽǳΪһƽ㣬ȻиʱԲһ
ߵĴʹɹʶ뷨ĻǾǣȻ˸һѵġ
ѵȻ壬ЩͲҪĪӲˡ
һκĽӴϾѾˣջԤ֮еĻҪһҪһԴĽ
һҲܹڵĴȷ൱ľǰ㣬Ҳܹ˵ѾϢ׼ȷԡ
ǽվ˰ɣܹλѣϣ´֮ʱջܹǢˣĪվǰλߵ˵ͷȻ׼뿪ˡ


ھŰһʮ Դ
Ī뿪ȻͣΪ˴֮εĽӴ죬⣬ĪӵϢҲҪ֪
廹ҪͨĪӵĵټӴһ£һЩͬʱǺڳֽţʰ֮еҾ֡
ĪӿҪ߳ʱĪͻȻоʮɾϢ߶ҴϢжϣʮλɣȫǵϣһַڵɱ⣬ŵѪζһսոս
Īתͷһߵİûп˵ʲôȴĪӵ˼ڻش
Ȼ˲֮ģȻҪͽһǣ֮壬Ҫʧȥη֮ˣ
仰˵꣬ĪѾоЩɾѾܽˣĿ֮УѾǵӰ
ضŰ˵ͷĪҲûж鷢ܰ³ΣʼԼ飬ĪûвֵıҪҲûвֵȨĿǰ˵ûС
ڰ֮£Ī߳ǰһξ·Ȼͣ
Īѣ￪ʼҪȥ޷ˣҲͽ͵ˣ֮һЩҪĪѼ£Ī˵
鷳ˣλȥ֮һᾡ찲źý̸ˣҲϣĵѾ˹Ǣһ£ڵصĻͥĪӵ˵ͷ˵
һᾡ˹ȥģԣҲЦŵ˵ͷȻĿĪӵӰʧת
ص֮󣬸ղŵλߣڴ֮УֻǸղĪӵλãȴסȡˣλѯ£תͷʵ
ˣ
ţ˵ͷ
û̽ʲôʵ
ûУֵĺǶڻԴһ㣬ƺȷȽϿأԼһ֮ͥǢ̸ҡҡͷ˵
仰󣬰Ҳûټ˵ʲôѾԼˣҲȷҪ߻ʲô˼ĿǰõѡҲֻһһ
תͷ㿴űס£˫΢΢ٴοʵ㻹ûʲô˵𣿡
סʱ˫ۣĻȫţͷ·ûһ
⸱ӣڳļλߣжŭ⣬ҪֱӽԷնɱĳ嶯ҶܹƵס
壬Դӳ֮֮УλҲͣ壬ٶеȺֲڴ֮еĸӴȫƵϺд壡
ôԴҲϲˣԴ϶Ҫͻƴ߾ʱ򣬰ָ㣬ողˣ˱˼£Һʧ
ڴ֮˵ͬʱվһһߵµԣĻҲ˫ۣĿӣ¶˳֮ɫ
ȵĻ˵֮׼Ҫڷʱ򣬰ȴͻȻֵһ⣬ˡ
ղ㲻˵ʱҲҪ˵ʲôˣû컯ЩĶŶ˱˼Ҹ㣬壬ûô׵£ҲʼջĴ󺣣Ҫ֣ûôף
˵仰󣬰һ£Ŀķ·ڿһˡ
󡢰ǺǱ߽Ӵһ£ǽһʱһЩ桢ǺȥӴһ£˳׼ýԴԸһͷռһЩˣעҪĴٳɴ£
ջĿ֮󣬰̶Ŵ֮е߷Ըش뻮һ
ǣ

ݵıԵĪӰ֮һһǰĴ󺣣ĪͻȻ֣ˮķߣ֮ǰһأڽµķߡ
ԭķߴĴ̽ĿԵ÷ǳСĽ
Īվԭؿ˼ۣܿ˷ԭˣԴͷԼ
Ϊźˮ´ߵͬʱҲˮˮʱ¶ǶݵľţںˮӹڰȫĿǣˮˮȻˣ´ߡ
˵ĪӵĲ룬ôΪЩԽģˮôһдɵС׷
Īҡҡͷûа̫ϣֱӾͻصСռڡ
ĪӻصСռ֮󣬵һۿľ棬ҲƺһֱڵȴĪӵĹĪӣվӭӣ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴĪӽһеջ
ŶԷεĿ⣬ĪӾЦſڵںˮ߳ĽӴһ£Ҳ򵥵ıһĿǰ̬ȣԼ˽֮䣬һԴĽ
ĪӵĻһ˼ţҲ¶Цݡ
Ҳ֪ƾһνӴ岻ͿһߣýӴ֮󣬻̶øˣпܿ塣
Īһȥһ̬ȾѾˣһԴĻǶĳɹ
ܻΪ建͹ϵ룬Ը룬ͬҲԸ⿴˳£Ƚǿĸ壬׳
ԴĽҲ˻òٵĺôǶ̲˵峹׵ĽĵǮĺûᣬΪһ
Լһȥջ֮ĪӾͷԸ֮ǰһעĶĪϵ˸λߣͬҲԼӴ֮ĳɹ֪˵һԴĽ顣
⣬ĪҲ֪˸λߣԼȥȷûмλĶϢһʵһ֡
аµıѣĪҲ͸λһ£ܲĳƿصӰ죬ֽһЩղŽ̸
λ߶ĪӵҲͬҲʼ׼õһЩҪϡԴĪӾûм֡
Ǳٶȵȷǳ죬Īӻһ죬ͥѾյҪݷõΪˣ̲ⵥϵĪӣʾ˸л̲Ҳ֪Īӵ˼
ΪصĴߣ̲ʵ׵ʲô̶ȣĪӲǵȵ֮壬ȫ̲ͨĵǮʱ̲;ɾ컯治Զˡ
ʱһۣһӾ͹ȥ˼գ⼸ʱ䣬һֱעйϢ
ԴĪȥݷ֮⼸죬ж˲٣ƺΪ忪ʼӴԵʣһЩ
׼ԴĽҲѾµȷϵʱ䣬ĿǰһЩȽĲϣеϡϣκ˶ֵڽһǢ̸֮Уڱ£ԴĽܹɡ
ƺǰԤ֮еģĪܾãһвô˳׼ǽ֮ǰһųֵ׼ģÿǵ⣬ҲӦöǵ˲Ŷԣ鰴ġ


ھŰһʮ ʽ
ԴĻѾ׵ˣ֮˫ͻںཻԴСռ֮УϴһĨЦݣĪӻ㱨
ոմͥõϢ֮һʱͽϢĪӡ
廹ͦżģĪĻĵͷȻЦ˵
ԭǰڶһЩȽϡٶԴ̸ֵĺɲŹȥյĹһоѾ̸ˣеԭ򣬵ȻΪżˡ
ĪӶҪʣܹ뵽κ˫ԴļֵĹУһٵòЩϧԴֵȫ͹ܹôľͺ׵
һѾռһЩˣͬʱҲܹӳڵĴȷǷǳĲ
ȻȵպԼںԴĽ⼸һЩŰɣҪ̫ĲãҪ湦оεԴͿˣȥҼҵѧӣǰһ飡Īӵͷֶ֮Ըһ䡣
ҪƣôֳһӣܹеӣҲͨ飬島Ƥʱ򣬸еһЩ
޷һЩϵ£ĪӺͳɱ߻ر飬ȫԸӡ
õĪӵķԸ֮Ҳ˵ͷȻתȥ׼ˡ
һǿȥı£ʵЩСˣ׼Ī˵ȥһЩҵѧӣ顣
ǺǰߣҪҵټѧɵѧӣ൱򵥵ġ
ȵ뿪֮ĪӾͿʼĿͬʱһעźǱߵĶ
ýһԴĽ֮䣬ϵѾ˺ܶ࣬ͷųźžǣǽǵĻͻᵹһһҲɡ
ĪӾãǰǺһУһ׼ѵĻ죬һѵʱԲò
ĪһĹע£ʱգ۾͹ȥˣ֮һƬƽǱƺҲûʲôһпĪӲûзɾ衣
֮ĸоѾʼһж߱ʱ̷š
ֹһ죬һлǺƽʱѾԼԴӡ
ھ뺣Լĺ֮УһĺǽԴĵط
Ѿ˲ٵĲãƾհεضСװΪһЩټѧɵѧӣѾϵȴˡ
֮䣬ûй֮ΪֻǴûзŵ̨ϣҲûʽ飬Ҳܹʷһ£ܹѧӣ⼸նоǳܣ⼸ʱУƶһײǣӡ
ѡ˫Դص㱾ʵѾֳܹһˣصںԵƾհһСĵص˫˵Ǻܺõѡ
ĪӵӰҲϣ֮ǰнӴģҲ棬ͬվߣȴͥ˫ĵ
ûãĪĿƲ˴󺣵ķԶԶľͿ֮⣬к˴Ӻڶ𣬼˻ϣˮĶ̤˶У߹
һ̣ͷϣһɫɹⴹ£ӰҲĴƮ䣬ͥĸ֡
Īӿ˫ȽϸߵĳҲûиеô⣬飬Ҫͷϵ͵źţ˫ߵһЩҲӦõġ
ܿ죬Ķ飬ѾĪվС
һǰͰλ֣ͬʱǵ󣬻żʮλˮĸ֡
Щ˲ȫӵܣڻ֮òȫܷŮĳеĳӢ
ͥһҲ٣ͷλһ̲ͥһϯӦ
̲ΪȻǽɾ磬ԼϯӦ֮ϲλߵֳ˶ӡ
˫ˣĪΪмˣվ˳ЦŶֳ˵
˴˴˽һԴĻһΪ˻ͨޣͬҲǽ˻ᣬ֮Ĺϵϣ֮䣬ܹһЩһЩ
֮䣬һνԴĻӦòһΣҲڽնһ̣Ժ£˫ҲܹӷһЩ
Ī˵仰֮ĿʾһվΧЩѧӡ
ȻͷλѧӾվ˳˫򵥵Ľһ֮ǰƶọ̃ȵ˫ͷ֮ȻͿʼ˫ԴĻ
ĪӾվһԿţҵѧƶ̲ӣȾ˫֮ɴʾ˫ѺãǸԵϻԴ嵥ɱ˴˹Ŀ˫ˣó׼õԴ˴˽żһ¡
ȵ֮ȫȷȻ˫ͷĴߣȽʽԵǩһЭ飬ݾǾ˫Эֻ̣ԴĽһȷ󣬴ɽ֮ġ
ǷЭǩ֮˫ɸԳжԷǩЭ飬屣ǩЭ飬Ǳģ˫е̡
Īӿ̵ĽУϵЦⲻϵվһԵ濴ֻΪĪڸԴĽ˳ĽУⲻ֪Īӵ˵ԭ򲢲Ϊ
Īֻãƶ̵⼸ҵӣֱ˲ţƶ͸ǩԼࡣ
Ǿָ֮֮Ե÷ǳׯ£˫ˣҲÿһ̽е÷ǳ棬ҿӶ̡
Ϊټѧ̼ҵĳ֣Ŀǰڲ֮ʱһЩڵҲʼǩԼˣ̺ǰ΢Щ𣬴඼ȥһ¸صˣǰټѧɵĵ¼ѧӣȻڶԷļ֤֮£úԼûа̸úׯϵġ
ĪӾã鴫ȥ֮󣬿°ټѧɵ̼ңͻͨ飬һĽǩԼ̸ʽһЩʷҲὫʷ֮С
˫Ľ׽ˣ̷ǳ˳˴˴ԴҲ͵˶ԷС
˵Դ֮Īӷ˫ĹϵƺǢһЩˡ
λߣںϯӦ̲ˣǳĽ̸ţһͬЩˣЩҲͥͬڽ̸
˴֮Ħսʱ䳤ˣܻһЩսϼֻû뵽гһջ¼棬һܹƽ͵ʶһ£ҲǺܲľ
˽̸ŵʱĪͻȻ֮оµĵ棬Ȼһ΢𵴸УļλߣͬҲһʱ֮䶼ĿͶ˱˴ˡ
ִҵĿⶼͶ˴˵ʱ˶ʶڳһΪȻĽĿͶ˴󺣵


ھŰһʮ 
Ī֮ǰԤУ飬һᰴԤڵȥչ֮ǰҲԲʲô׼ͻȻһλѵǽǣڣڷˡ
Īӵȼλ߽ĿͶ󺣵ʱ˺ܿͷ֣ڵĴ󺣣滹ǱȽƽģ·Ͱӿˡ
ͻȻ𶯸УǴ֮еİģλã뺣ݵذܽﶼܹо˵֮оԷĴ£Ҷǳ󣬼Ӱ쵽
ĪĿⲻϵ󺣣֮Уûмٴ򶷣ֻǿĴеȺһ˷
ڼǰʱĿͱĳڵסˣûа취ټǰˣĪȴܹоǰһЩѾսҷǳļҡ
龰Īû˵λߣȴͬʱɫ䣬æ˵ĸλѣ֮ƺб䣬ǾȻȥˣ
˵仰֮ҲĪӵ˻شڳеһĸ֣ͱһͬʧԭء
ȵߵʧĪӺϯӦ̲ҲջĿ⣬Ȼ̲ȿ˵
ʱ֪ʲô飬ʮа˾ţӦúйأǿӦȥ
ĪӺϯӦԣͬʱ˵ͷʱȷӦȥʲôıĻûǰȥֹһ
˼һ£Īӱ㿪˵ɣҺϯӦһͬȥһˣȸԻȥϵһߣĻǻĴԮ
Ǿ˰ɣϯӦҲ˵ͷ˵
һ䣬ĪӾͺϯӦһͬʱʧԭأ̲״ҲԭͣŸͥˣҲ뿪ˡ
濴ŻʣµˣҲ뿪ԭأȻصСռУעŽ󺣵ı仯
ΪڵߣְĪӺϯӦ뿪ˣǾ͸Ҫ򣬷ֹ֮з飬ջᲨĴ
ĪӺϯӦ˽֮ķȥΪĪ֮ǰһΣҲᳵ·Ȼûа취һ¾͵Ҳܹٵ̾롣
뵽ղ޷ĵطĪӺϯӦ͸оڴ֮еȷڱżҵսźˮٶúܲ
ĪĿǰȥһʱ򣬺׻Ƿǳģʱ˿̣ĹâϨ˴룬иɫѪҺڴ֮ɢ
һμһЩȺѾʧˣ֪ʱѣѾˡ
ĪӼٶ̾ͼӿ˼֣ǰһξ֮ڷ˵һڱս
ս˫ֻһһ
˴˶ԳԭΣȻһŹâڲϵ˺ҧš
ǵΪɾڣΪ˵ӦǲµģɰѪ˵ӦӾơ
ƾѪʵӦûǿһЩʱ򣬶һЩѪϵѹƣܹʵܵһЩӰ죬ȫķӳ
ĿǰҲȷˣһ֮Уռһƣ൱ԣΪһֵ쳣׺ѪϵһЩѹƣڶԷ׺Ѫ֮£ֲ˲١
Ȼ˵ȱս飬ҪĴ֮£ܵ˲СӰ죬ûаԼȫȫķӳ
ľΧĺˮǷצϵڶԷץţһƬƬ̵ۣϵĴϰ䣬ҲѪҺ˳ǵ뵽ΧĺˮУΧĺˮһζ·ĳҩһ㡣
ĪӺϯӦս֮ںз飬һ˿롣
֮ǰռϢ֮УѾע⵽忪ʼ壬Զսһ𣬲رľȡ
ܹǸеȵģⳡͻ
ҪͶ壬ĵؿȥҪ屬սΪǿȥĻȻǵס壬ǵ鷳£ȴսһ
ǰ뺣֮󿴵ĵһսǼǰķڷսģԲֹ
˲ûг֣ƹսֻȻǰս洦ɼˡ
սģҲͰսģ֮⣬вٺ壬Ҳںս
ЩĪӶоϯӦ
ͼС˵帽壬Ȼô࣡
ϯӦԵΪأ˻ûеǿĺսĺ壬ѾʮˣЩǱ£壬һͿԿʱ뺣ĳɹԶԶǵԤڣͼıҲԱԭҪ
ĪӺϯӦĽӽʱǰĹͻȻ֮ޱȴ۵⣬һֳȵϢͬսһ㣬Χĺ򲻶ϵɢ
ЩԭսһЩˮ壬Ҳܵ˲ڳȵĹ֮Уֱˮб˿ʧ
ĪӺϯӦ϶ת˷ֱֿâһЩ֮˵Ķдһ߿𶯣һ߿֮󣬾һŭĺ
ͽǾȫȥɣ
һĪӾͿһ޴ķſ˶ڣ³˺ͺˮͬɫϢ
ǵɫϢ֮УĪӸоһܹԪĵϣΧƬĺ򹥻ȥ
ֹĪӺϯӦ׼ˣȴͻȻһֻͬӴҲֻͷֻһֻ֮⣬ĵطûκεˡ
ֳԭ֮󣬾ͬһ㣬ͷֻ޴ͷǸĶǣֱӴ°ͣϢ
໣
ƺıһ˵ˣֻ޴Ȼַһ߿ֻԴһЩʹĸо
ĪӺϯӦһĻ˶ԥҪҪ֣ʱѾĹâͻȻԽԽܿȫϨˡ
Ȼ˼ŷŭһֻɵצӺһץһӰݺݵؽ˺ףһƬǡ
ȫͽɱһķ·ܹĪӵĶУһĪˣ尽ζŸղŵһֻצǶԷġ
һ·Ķںԭǵĸ彻սǷңµڶ฽壬вٱˣڻûгϾͻᵽЩԭĸ壬Ҳûôĵӣ潻սǱҪһˣ֮ĪԵϯӦ˵
ƾĵѰæϯӦɫ˵


ھŰһʮ 
ٵĪӺϯӦȻûϸ˽⣬ҲôˣͬҲµ˽ᷢʲôҲ֪ڱҪһѣߣӦҲҪ֡
ߵԶ֮еأǽĲ֣ԲǴʱſʼˣѾˣ򲻿ľ档
ĪӺλõĴ㣬֮£Ȼ˳ˡ
ƻϲϱ仯
ڵķתĪ϶һɫĹâһɿֲϢ˲ڴ֮ӿ
ߵϯӦʱΧҲһڲϵΧɢͬʱϢҲΧɢ
ֻϯӦΪѾĪӸϳˣͷųϢܹĿ
λĪţҵ
Ϣͷų֮ĪӺϯӦû֣һԵϯӦǴһ˴ƬĺŲߵǰȥĪҲͬϡ
ʱĪӺϯӦ˵ļ룬߷ǳܣֻλߵսΪǴ塣
ԭڱŭ֮еߣ֮ŭҲɵ΢ƽһЩ
֪ʱѾϵˣǲ뿴ôӶ
ʲôԭʱǰģʹһҪǽǵʺΪѡ
Ī׼֮󣬺ܿҵһ֣һλİһĴߣΪ˶ΣԿԷʲô塣
λʵǳѾﵽ˴߾ڣķǳĸߴ࣬ǿ󣬹ƷǳͣһѪսҷǳµĸо
ԷͰһ𣬶ڰ󲿷ֵĹȫ㣬ôӲѡֿȻЩȫֿܵסٶһ˺ۣĻָٶȴǳĿ죬µ˺ۣ˲ͻָˡ
ʵͬԶԷִ򷨣һʱȴѽ˶ԷһͶԷЩ
Īڿ֮ī˲Уǰһ㣬һľɹֱ䵽λߵϡ
ľɹµλãλһƬѪͬľʣΧɢ
ֻɢ˰ƴСľɹþʧˣλĪһ֮ƲһĪӣȻıѪһ䶯ȻֳַһӰֱĪϮ
Щ˼λߵֶΣĪвɵİһ
Էķֶοɲһ㣬ȫʵѪֳʵԼʵҲӰ졣
λߵ֮ǿѾһ൱µĳ̶ȣĿǰⷽ棬廹ûܹᲢ۵Ĵߡ
֪ǰĶֻȽѲĪڶԷʱ򣬾ٴγˡ
ľԪͷĪΧһƬӰĳȻֱʩչԼСͨ
ĪСͨʩչȫԳɿռ䣬ԵЩǿѹЧԸǰĶúʡ
λ嵽ĪӸǰĴߣȻֻǷֳһʵͱûκεҪʱҲǱ塣
ĪСͨչ֮λ͸оѹԼΧĹ򣬶ơ
ˣĪӵĽŲҲû֣Ĺøˡ
Īӻкܳһξ룬λ߾һȭǰһȭ纣˱Ϯһַ·ܹϯһеƣƺҪĪӵСͨҲǿеĺ俪
һȭĪֱӽīǰһɫĹâŶԷȭͷ湥ȥ
īɫĹâ֮£صǲתٵϣںͶԷȭͷײһ˲䣬صͱ˳
ĪӵīȣںͶԷȭͷӴ֮󣬾ֱӱǿõɶأԷֻȭͷӽӴĵطʼ˲ȾһҰܵɫ
һҰܵɫһֱӵļȻͣѾҰܵɫǵֱۣʱûлָֹͣɢ֮󣬾ֱӴļϵȻţֳһµֱۡ
ĪӿһĻҲûκε⣬ΪƾԷǿȣѪ֮飬ûκε⣬ԼҪնɱǰλߣԪ«ĻҲǺġ
Ǵôõˮ壬ȻвٵǿߣϧվĶ棡ͷĪͬʱСͨγɵĿռ䣬һѹƺԷȻָѾ۳һɢɫâˮ
ĪԼƵˮĪΪԽԽҲڲϵš
Īʩչˮ֮ǰʩչˮЩͬˣһˮУǾγɫɫԾɫ뵽ɫ֮еġ
ĪԼƵˮͨϾǰˮյֻǹˮͨһ㣬ĪӵˮͨǹˮΪģ޶ȵķɱ
һˮֵһ̣ĪСͨķΧеλߣһ̸оһַĵļ£һҪĸоָоΪ֮󣬼ûгֹ
£ĪСͨΧеģķһҲӦԡ
ֻϣһͻȻ˺ۣһѪҺ˺֮зΧɢ
ЩѪҺͬһ㣬뿪֮󣬾Ϳʼ䶯ţת
һˮ䵽ϵʱĪСͨķΧУѾΪЩѪҺһڳεӰǧ
ңˮܹһϹΪɫâڸǵϵͬʱͬӰһ㣬ָΧЩӰϣһ˲Ĺ򣬾һִݿ̬ĪСͨΧڳĪ֮⣬дڵۼĨɱ˸ɾ
ںͰսλߣҲоԼղŷֳķĨɱˣϵϢܵһЩӰ죬΢һЩͬʱд󾪡
ΪǿΪƵĴߣķȻȲبּܹһĴڣĻָȴ֮еģһҲܹô׵ĽڣĪӵʱ򣬺ͬķȴ׾ٵؾͱɵˡ
иеȵʱĪӵӰѾٴγ֣һΣԸоԼϢѾĪˣĪӾҪֶԸԼ
һ̣вһ˿⣬ĪĶ֣Σյģ֮ǰԼҪ£Ѿˣֻʱѣ²ΥǾûбҪʱˣȫҪ
һʱȻ֮䣬һѪɫĹâͻȻ֮併䣬ǿ󵽿ֲڳеĴжеЩ
ǿͬʱԭλߣеһ˿̱ˣΪѾˡ


ھŰٶʮ ̫
ѪɫĹâʱĪӾ֪ˣִﵽ컯Ŀֲյ컯֮
̫컯֮ʱѪɫĹâûôǿ󣬵Ҳ̫࣬Ȼ컯
ĪľԪķѪɫâʱ򣬽֧ŵƬ̵Ĺ򣬷ͱˣĪӵӰǱǿ䵽˺ף΢һˡ
⣬ΪѪɫĹâĿ겢ĪӣǲԶĪֻܵһЩѡ
ʩչˮ⣬ĪӺ·ʱϵƾѾָˣͬʱҲомǿϢѾ˺ΧЩǿߡ
һķԭݵʣµһƬԫϱڣĹΪһƬ棬һҲѾһ롣
һĻĪҲɵһ˿ϧʱ֪˶˼ܹ佨ȴѾ˴롣
ӿϧǣЩʩиûκεãȫûзӣѾϵˡ
̵ıǴڲ߽ģЩе壬嵽֮ǰ飬Ϊ߽ķŸҴ󷽷Ľ١
ΪЩֵĵһ컯Ĺ٣ڳԭڽеսͻȻͣдߵĿ⣬Щ֡
ĪĿԶԶɨһۣһһλߣ֪ⳡ̣ǺѴˡ
뵽ĪӰһϯӦԣûϯӦڣĪӾͽһУȻ
ߣ
ϯӦûеͷѾ֪еʲôˣѸٵĽϯӦǳϵľʧˡ
ʱȷӦ뿪߰æܱܲס壬ǶһҪ˵顣
ϯӦӰʧʱȻ˴ҵע⣬һǼλ֮УһϴżЦվڼλǰеӢӿڵ
ߺŸյһλĵ뿪ˣĹϵҲôðӦĪѰɣֻʣһ֮ǰͿ飬ȻԿһ£ϾѾˣǣҲÿһֵֵɣ
Էһ˵ţһ߽ĿͶĪӣЦݱøӲá
λĴĪҲǵͰһģԷ鶼֣ʵǳǿ
ԶԷĻĪڸû뷴༥˼ĿҲŶԷĪ֪Լѵǽǣĵˡ
ûĪӿڣʹһдһ˿΢Ĳĸо
㣬ͻƵߵˣ
λϴżЦԣĿתķϿգվİϣȻ˵ͷش
ǰôãԭľҲͣ˺ܳʱˣͻƵߵˣϧ㻹ԭ̤
⼸ԻʣµļλߣʱҲһû뵽һεսŸոճֿȱã徹Ȼ˴ﵽˣҲֲôķѣ֡
ԭˣֲЩͽұ壬˶ߣֲã΢Ĭһ֮ĿɨΧЩղźսģԭǸĴߡ
⼸λߣ˿̶һۼߵߣĪӿһӰҲɵ΢΢Щզࡣ
֮гĴ֮⣬վԵľλҪǼ֮ǰ£ôλ⻹һǳ֮⣬дߵ
ߣĪ֮ǰľλߣӦҲȫԵĹһ£ԭˮ壬ʮλ֮ࡣ
λո˵꣬ۼߵǼеĴߣЦһȻԷ
ǣҵȽշ壬ɲΪ嵮µĶߣߵһ㣬ӦϵŶԣαذһеĴ󣬶ᵽ˵ϣ
˵λǸղλ֣Ļ䣬㻹ûüڣλĸԣЦſڵ
еĴȫ鵽˵ϣⲻһ𣬺ôͺöǵģָ֮¶һ㣬ܹˣ˵ѾǶˣҪһԶ壡
ѵ޳֮ͽҪƱ磡ߵİ仰ŭһҲŭݣ޲ýո˵ˣɱ֮졣
գǰ⼸ߣڼǵʱ򣬶ǱһĹ϶ҲܿΪǴߣǲ壬ΪҲԻǵˡ
ɽʱգģЩ˶ڰ˵Щʵ顣
Ʊ磬ÿ㻹˵óڣһ壬ҲѪôΪ˶ٹͣս˶ĸ֣֮Уγһĺã
е֮ʱһ߸ϵ̬жٵĸ֣սڣеģͲִƴˣ
λĴߣһδ˵΢Щ
ĪվһԿţΪһԹߣĪӾλĴߣ˵Щܲԡ
ôִƴ󺣣ڴ֮еڶ壬ȷ˲ѹȵ飬Щ壬˶Թڱ£֮󣬲ڱˡ
ЩǷǷǵģҪ׷εģҲܵʮĳ̶ȣʵΣ׷ЩѾûˣ֮Ӧǰľ档
ڳļλߣָԷĻҲֻ˵ôѣǰԼеͿˣʣµ黹Ҫʵ
λѾΪߵ֣ϵЦ΢΢һЩŻ˵ʲôļλеĴʹ˸ɫǲٿڣȻż˵
֮ǰѣһͬԿ壬ϵǷǳģֻ⼸λʵǲѹȣҪͶ壬ŲѶΪ֮
˵仰ʱվϿյİ㣬Ȼûʲô仯ɫȴһ㣬ȻвôƽЩĶУоǳĴ̶
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仰˵֮󣬿ŰڵͬһɫλĶҲûȰӻͼ˵
һǼ컯֮ýΪôѹЩѼǵȺĲ
һ˵꣬ĪӾͿվİ㣬ڳ׵̲סˣ˫ϸһ۵צֱץȥͬʱбȵ
̫


ھŰٶʮһ Ŀ꣺
Ҫ󣬶˵ȷЩ֣λ½嶥ߣ˵ҲȷЩˡ
ǽǣڶԷĻУƺȫ֮£Щѹȵĺ壬Ҫ彻컯֮Ϊ⳥ˣҲ̵ס֡
Ȼ˽˶ߣĴʵȻǿɲûе޿ƥеĵز
ɫצλĶץȥԷվûжܣϵЦҲûб仯
ڽɫצץϵʱĪӸоλ嶥ߵϣ˲͸¶һبŲĵϣ·ԷֻҪվûκεĹ˺
ǽɫצסĴӣƺҪǿ飬ĽȴǸûжãԷɢһȦ⣬ǿнɫצɢˡ
ƢȻһ㶼ûиģز㾹ȻҶ֣ǣ尡λĶɢץϵצ֮һֻǻ˵ʱѾԱ൱ˡ
ԴӵʼʹȱҪΪ˶ߣҲǳ룡һ޹֮ȴ˿ãȫûΪԷǶ߶η塣
ӶԷһҪѾ֪飬ûл͵أôĸ壬ȻҲ崭ֻºͶ塣
ЩĿģҪ峹׵ĴУ峹׵ķҲʡúʲô鷳
һԿŵĪӣڵҲ˽ĺҪ壬ֻ֮⼸λĴߣĴںĸ־ʱӦǰ֧Ԯˡ
ЩĴ߲ӾܹǷǳţһĴ߶ʱڲᵽųʱԸ塣
ǳӲĻش֮λҲû˵ʲôֻϵЦݣʼýЩΣˣߵǼλĴߣҲԼϢſȻŲͬʱǰ
ٶڴ˿̶Եò԰ˣΨһսǽհ취
ļλѾ׼ˣΧ£ߵĺļλߣ˿̵ȻҲ׼ٴζ֡
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ô򣿡
ĪӿŴ˿˫Ĳ࣬вɵѹ޴
һĴߣڼԼҲһ⼸֮ǰһߣڻԷڻܹصսڴߵϣҲûа취忹⣬οڻһλߡ
ˣôҲһսܲܶɹ˴ΣĪûʲôģΣ֮бȫԼĪӻǺĵġ
ûκ׵ģλ½Ķ֮䣬ˮͻȻֿ֮Ȼռ䷢Ť˵Ӱͬʱ黯һ΢ı𣬾ͺǲһƤȻһȦΧɢͬʱΧĺˮſӲڴӪһƬ
λһĴҲ׷׵ĶĪߣóԼͼԥľͷͼһóԪ«
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λУĪӼһͿһλĪǿ֮мһλߣһλǺеĴߡ
ʵһĪӶսʤ֮ͬʱҲеѹ޴
ƵںչΧĺˮμӨ͸ˮͷ·εˮ֮Уһǹ۶ɵĺΣա
źƵӵչԭĪӵߣ׼ϣĪӽнսλеĴߣ׵壬뵽֮С
ԷķӦܿ죬ڽ֮󣬾ǿķӲĽΧˮſȻˡ
ʣµͿһλߣʱҲ׷׶ֱֹԶԶĹվϷĪӡ
һֱƮͿë׵ĳʱڶԷĲ£Ե÷ǳӯľĪӡ
ĪѾˮҪԷɱ֮Уû뵽ǣͿë׵ĳڽӴ֮󣬾ȻȫȥˮҲڳϻ䡣
ĪֻԼȫ뵽֮УʱһλĴ߾ſ˿ڣ³һīĺˮ
ˮ֮УԭӨ͸ˮ˲һƬȾһƬڡ
֮еĪһ̸оúƬɢĺˮ֮УŷǳֲĶԣֶԵĸоЩԼǹˮҪԵԪմȾһ㣬ǳ鷳ġ
ĪӵϵģͲӣֱӽƬѾȾһƬɫˮ֮˺ѵĳȥҽƬ˺ſֲĶԵˮ׼λеĴߡ
λеĴ߸Ӳãո۳һѼӰƺ׼һǿּͨһŵĺˮԼֶ£ԭĪӵͨĿ΢ƫһ㣬Ӵһźˮ
ͨ۳Ǿ޴ļӰһꡱ죬ͬһʵڵļһ㣬ôȥ
ĪһֻԼݵӣһ˲䱻һΣεӣȻĪûа취еһΣͺ񳹵׵ĺʧȥϵһ
Ī׼ԼһӣϵһֱڻͿȴǳǡʱ򣬽Ǹë׵ĳֱ̽뵽֮УȻĽ
ôһ飬ĴҲһչޣչ޷ɵ֮ϣɫҺеȥ
ɫҺ壬ĪӸоԼͼƺЩԷˡ
λԾһλóöĴߣԵĻĪаɵĽԷڱλΧԼͼƺЩԷˡ
ҲʱĪӸղűϵһӣû̺νԭһӵı棬ʼһɫǳ֮
һɫǳ֮ǳĿ񱩣״̬ΧĿռ䶼Щܲס֮ǰξӨ͸ӣȫҪΪǳ֮ƣʼ÷ǳȶ
ȽϽĪӵˣĪԼ⣬ʱ򶼸оһвС
ͿΪϣܵв֮󣬺ԥľͺˣλеĴߺöλߣٶһЩ
һӣҫ۵ĽͻȻڴ֮ΧǧûУҷΧڲϵɢֿ񱩵ǳ֮һ˲ôҲûа취׽¡


ھŰٶʮ 
ڴ󺣵ĺ룬񱩵Ľɫǳ֮Χʼɢʱսĸ֣һ̶ⲻ˱Ӱ졣
ЩΪڽɾµģĪڵλֱȽϽģʱĵ˴ùвս֮УΪͻȻֵĿǳ֮ӦԶ׵ˡ
ʱʮ񱩵Ľɫǳ֮Żʧڴ󺣵ĺף˿ѾһƬˣ״ƬķΧͷ·Ǳһ飬ڱûǵͬʱҲÿӿݵġ
ĪӸоʱ˿̣ԼĿⶢţĿ⿴Χһʱ֮ҲЩԡ
û뵽һλߵͨʱնϣͬʱҲû뵽ΪͿһλߵԼûüһνӻһӾȻͱˣޱȵǳ֮ڴ֮Ű
ĪĿǰ֪ķΧǳ֮ŰĵطֻԽԶܵǳ֮ĳԽС
ĪӣֶΣ
ΧĿע֮УͿ𣬴˿̵ƺûڸղʲôˣϵϢŲСȻȫԼҲɡ
λеĴߣλöĴߣ˿ҪһЩϢѾЩˣԵ˥䣬ͬʱһЩ˿ڣڿٵϡ
ˣĪͿĻĿתȻͻȻ¶һЦݣ˵
ȻΪλߵսΧ˲СӰ죬ΧߵĿⶼ˹ĪҲû˶ĻţһƵ̬
̬µӣҲʼԭϵĵطѸپͱˣ͸ղûʲô
ӻָ֮ĪĿƳһ۸ղʩչͨλеĴߣԷһ
ĪӵǿƵģͿͬ¶ЦݣƮǸë׵ĳʼΧ߿ٵķ衣
ĪղʾĻһ治ˣŵģ˾Ƕһӣ¶вСӰɣ
һ䣬Ϳ߷ë׵ĳֲֳͬķĪӾȥ
ղΧĪӵλߣڿͿ֮ҲûԥֶĪӳˣҲͿĻͬҲڻɣĪڿ¶ܵһЩӰ죬ʵӦûиղôǿˣ֮˵ܹĪ¡
ٴԼĪӽµӣȻ֮һϮĹ뵽֮УͬʱӵȻʼѸٵţգ֮䣬Ѿڡ
ͿͻȻ֮䷢֣Լɱһ֮̽ûа취ղһˣǱѹƣԼҪɱջ
ͬʱΧѾǵӣƾһͬʱ뵽֮Уϵӵ׳ȥ
ʶ˲ȻʩֶΣӿʼҵĻζȻˣҲ޷ҸоԽ³ӶǵԽ͸ӵ롣
ȻʱĪӵУͻȻ֮һ̾ţ·һֱ̾˵ĸо˲ۼһ˲òеЩѹ֡
໣໣
֮У֪Ӻδһһ̲סһҪĳ嶯
ĪĿ֮з·ܹӰ֮дٶȷɿޱȣպܿʧΡ
ĴˣһλĪӿһĻвɵһ̾Ĵڱˡ
ΪͻȻñ֮еλߣƺǱһ㣬ڲϵĳ֮УںӣȻһӰ֮֮еͿ
ֻͿˣʣµλߣûôˡ
һͿ֮ĪҪѹߣȻǸˣûжĻᣬͽĳ뵽ӵĺӵס
֮ͿֻǻͷһĪӣ΢ԥһ֮󣬸ûиٶĪӶ֣ѡֱӺˡ
ĪӲûͿϵȫ׼ӵײλߡ
ˣס壬ǻǺ˵ĪܹնɱһĴߣҲһջ
Īӵȫѹ£뵽ӵײˣоԼƺڴ˵ףһƬڰֹĿռ䣬ϵסˣһܶҲԽԽ㱣ƺʱ˯֮УȻһ˯
λ߶˯ȥʱɵǣһƬڰĿռ䣬·ڲǵĥǵһУգֻܱ˫ۡ
λ߱۵һ̣ؼУٴγ˵ȻĪӵ֮ϣƾճõĻ档
һһѾ޴ļڻı仯ͬʱ⵹һ㣬Ѽӣһɱһֻ޴зǯ
һһƬбɫ֣֮е࣬ҲɫģвٵĶ棬Ƭ֮ϢȻѰʳĹУϵķɱ
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£ӴĺˮĽͬʱӣҵĻζ
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ǿˮȫֻˣˮҲûа취ڶʱڣκεֻϣɢبŲĵϡ
ֻӴͷβһȦûнĪӵӰ֮קֻεջصƣȻλĶߣͳӵϷӿڵ
ԭΪһˣѶԸӦǰǿߣû뵽ѶԸģԭĪѣ֮ļʶˣ
ԷĻĪӵӰ֮и˳ĿֱŶԷڵҲû뵽ıԭѾôʱˣû뵽徹ȻôͳµĶߣ
壬ȷںܾ֮ǰѾʼıˣʼֻ£е壬û뵽˵Ĳģ˽֮¡
˵ɾͶߣվǵ̫ǳ嵱ܹϳʱ֮ô˽ӽߵǿߣҲһֱЩ̲Է⣬ǲμһһ㣬һЩʱ䣬ǻıá
֮⣬벻ͨģ¾ĴߣΪʲôڶûеɣ
λ½嶥һ˵ţŲһ߲УһһĪӿѹȸУҲԽԽǿˡ
ȷҲΪƾ壬ܹڵֿסͬʱܳԸ壬ܷѽ󣡡ע⵽ԷĿĪѾ赽˼㣬ʵ
𰸺ܼ򵥣壬㲻ΪͬоԶ壬ߵܹôЩɣ
Ȼ𰸣ĪȷԼĲ²⣬ɵðһ


ھŰٶʮ ʮ
嵱Σʱ̣ϳʱ֮һֵĴߣûнվĶࡣ
ĪӵЩɣЩߣ²ߵȫ֮ΪߣӴԽԽ࣬ԼĻҲԽ϶λ½Ķߣָһ϶Ĵ𰸡
嵱ĴߵİһŻʱıôû˳֡
ЩĴѡԭĪʱҲû̽˼ϾǰѾ֪ûĵˣֻ档
嶥ߵĽŲĪԽԽѹȸУҲԽԽǿ
ΪߵʱȽ϶̣ܻ֪ҵ֣ҽԬỊָ̄
˵仰ʱһĿǿѹȸУһ˲䱬˳Ȼ֮ǰĪӻӳһȭ
ںͶԷԻĹУĪӾѾ֪ԷԼ֣ҲһֱڷţԷ˵̵ָʱĪӾѾľԪȫĴ߶
ͬһʸеɫâԴԴϵһɢȥϢ·޾µˮҲȻ֮һֱԬȥ
һλ״̬ȫʢʱڵĴ߽֣ĪԼɲǶ֣ƾͼԼ鱦Ԫ«һʱʱԱԼӦûܹõġ
ߵʵǿԸѰĳ߾Ķ֣ȫѹĪѾǸ׶ΣʵҲ൱ǿ
Ԭһȭ֮⣬ֻͨͨһȭһ̣ȴǳѰĿֲ
Ԭߣ֪ԶΧĴ󺣣һȭˣȭķ򣬺ˮĪӱӿȥƺҪô֮һ㡣
һȭĿ꣬ĪΪȵĶ֣Ӧܻ鷳һȭĪӣǱӿĺˮ˵Ͳʲôˡ
ĪӼֻһԭӿĺˮٶȾͱԽԽ̺ںˮ֮еʼϵľԪɢһɫâ֮һȭѾȫˡ
ȻһȰѶԸĶ֣Ļ£Χİƺ廹ҪʤһоԼһȭ׵ľͱסˣԬϵЦݣʱΣա
仰˫ͬʱȭֻϣ˲һɫȭף͸¶һַ·ܹ޼᲻ݵĵϡ
΢΢Ҳ࣬ԬתٴȭǰӳһȭʱΧĿռ·һȭ֮УһеۼһȭϣȭһɲǣѾԽһйĽޡ
ĪӵľԪɢһ⣬ڶԷȭһɲǣͻȻ֮ͣסˣţһȫ飬ǰӣЩƽӶʼܿʧˡ
˶ԷιĪӶһλȫʢ״̬ĶߵʵоѾеˡ
ԷʵȷǳǿԼԲǶ֣ͶԷʱ䳤ˣԼԱ¶
һĪӽµӷ·һԬȥֱӽԷӰ֮С
ڵԬͰվԼУѾ֮ڣˮҲ޷ӽΧףȫبŲĵſ
ſˮҲȫôΧˮ˵ǹ⣬ڲϵӽ
龰ĪʱҲɵ⣬λԬ֮䣬ΪԻ˲٣ڶԷֻʱԱͺε˶Է
ԼȫóˮͨټԼ̵ͨ󻹲ϧԪ«ҲһܰѶԷôңĪҲ̫ԸôԼĵȫóΪ˱סѾԺѱס塣
Ȼκε˶ԷĪһ˿⣬ĴߣһʱǹˣƾԼһҲʲô£ˣԼαðգǿӲأ
뵽ĪӾ뿪Ĵ㣬ԼѾնɱߣսºܱһЩĻҲ˵ʲô
Ԭһι֮ǰĪӾͿʼӣԶˣĪˣԬĶ΢΢ͣһ£ȻţͻȻƣץԵˮ
ԭεˮ˫ץյĶ֮󣬾ȻıԬץУɫĹâӵ֮УĪӺ˵Ķʱһ֡
ĪѸղҪߵĻҾԲѣڵҪ׵뿪ǿ¾Ͳ̫ˣϾĪѻûкúõָһңԬ˫ץӣҽ˳벽΢΢бקӶĪ˵
ԷˣĪӸû˺ͶԷ˼׼ҪǿѣȻֱߡ
ԬץסӣĪûа취ݵĺˣĪߣƾ˿סģڱץеӣҲôױץסĶ
ɾĪ׼жʱĶͻȻһĪִھ뿪˼
Īѣ֧Ƭ̣ʮʱ䣬ҶԬˣ֪ˣ
ǰ㴫ģԷ˼ƺ׼ĳֶΣֱܹӶԸԬЩߡ
Īеһʱ䣬뵽Ǽ컯֮սʼڣ廹ûаóڲҲʱ˰ɡ
Ԭʮʱ䣬ĪԼӦûܹ֧ŵסģѾôʱˣҲںٶʮʱ䣬˵ʮʱ䣬ܹıڶ˵ľơ
⣬ĪӿŻקӵԬһԭ׼󳷵ӣ˲͵ء
ӵأԬоһɣȻ˾ͱصûһӵֱӽˮѹͼ֮Уϧûʲôô
һ̣ԬоԼΧͻȻһǿΧˮҲһ̱÷ǳأͷ·̺ǿյһ㡣
ȻֶΣԸЩ̧һȭݺݵһңԬȭͷֱӾҵΧǿҲһȭǿƿ
˵ӱóأ˵ûжӰ죬ֳԺӣһЩȫܵס
ĪҲûЩСֶΣܹöԷôڵҪĿģ֧ʮʱ䣬ȻȴʩչֶΡ
ԬһȭӣŽŲȥֲϵĻȭǿ֮ƿص
֣ʱҲͬڽȭڻһ⣬âԽԽҫۣͷ·ڲϻһ㡣
ʣԬֵһȭǸĪ׼ģһȭҲԻǳ¡
ۿԬԼԽԽĪӶԶԷȭ֣Ҳе΢΢ЩɵǾٴУҲʱԬһֱȭ֣һȭ˳


ھŰٶʮ 
Ѿ뵽֮еĪӣԬһȭӳʱȻһ˿ļ£оΣ١
ûеĪӽһķӦ͸оһ䵽Լϣǿн֮к˳
ţڴ󺣵ĺףһֱӹᴩ룬Ȼֹһʱ䣬ᴩĵط˽⣬ȻΪģ׵ĵҴҵĶѣҽӵĳ
ĪܹоԼΧǳȣҲ֪Լڴصҽ֮УͷһԼĸһǳԵȭӡ滹һԵĽ⣬תһبŲĵϡ
ǶߣѾ뵽֮УȻҲԷǿк˳ԼȭӡĪһţѾһˮ⡣
ˮɫĹâڸĪӵ֮ĪλһţȻȫ۵ȭӡ֮ϡ
ĪƣƺֻһȭӡʵѾˣЩֶϽŵˣ̵ĵϵˣָŸӵ鷳
ʩչˮ⣬ָٶҲһض
ˮվǺǿģɫâ֮£ĪӸ˿ڴĽ⣬ܿͱɢˣ˿µĵϣҲڱˮⲻϵĥ޸
ҽ֮վĪҲϻ޸ƣλһâ˲ҽ֮з˳
ԭֻͶԷʮʱ䣬ſĵƣû뵽ȴ˶ԷһȭĪҲһ˿
ĪӵӰ³֣ԬĪӣڿٻָƣвɵһĨɫ
һȭжԬԼǳΪĪеĹϵһ˴Ļһͨĸս߾ʿ˵ôһȭͻ䡣
û뵽Īսǿ˵ֶҲ˲ףԬŻڻָƵĪӣ¶ǸЦ˵
ĪӿûнӶԷȤ̤֮ϺƣҲȫ޸ˡ
ԵôĿĪҲ׼ԷһƣԼȻκβһλĴߣûֶöԷҲԵͷġ
Ȼ͵Ī׼ԬҲԵͷʱ򣬶ȴٴ˰Ĵ
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ĪӵĶΧͨͨĺˮһͻȻ֮þЩͬˡ
ΪһƬǵĺˮʱȫ÷ǳ峺εɫҲΧһпһֻ
໣
һ߿ڴ֮𣬵ȴ׷Դͷ·˷ַ·ǿԽʱն
ΧĺˮͻȻֱ仯ȻеĴ߶ע⵽ǶԺˮı仯ΪеģȴĪˡ
󺣷·Ǳһ㣬ΧĺˮݳһΪŭ
Īĸо˴󺣵ŭǶڽһŨŨŭ⡣
Ī֮ˣоȻûĪôҲƺΧǶ⣬˲˾裬ΪߵԬ
ΪڳʵǿˣʲôֶΣ׵ľֻҪͲôˡ
һ߿֮Χˮɫڲϵı·һԴڲϵ뺣һ㡣
ڣ˵֮Уһˮɫâź׽䣬ǵâԴͷܹһž޴ˮɫԲ컯֮
ֻǣĪӿǿž޴ˮɫԲ֮УƺһζӰܹԼؿ
һ̣ǵζŵӰǾ޴ˮɫԲ֮г˳ӴڳˮɫԲһ̣Ѿռ˵ߡ
Ԭ޴̲סг
ѵû䣿Ī֣˼ɵ÷ɿת뷨ֻһ˲䣬̱ĪƷˣΪ޴֮ϣûиоκϢ仰˵ֻǰ֮µһѡ
ԬҲܿķӦⲢǻŵİֻһҲ
һŵĶߣһѾȥĶߣͬȲεսҲǸûа취Ტ۵ġ
䣬Ϊĵƣ˵Ļƣûа취ٵ߾޴ĪӶóĵƣиеЩʧֻ˵Ļƻûôǿ
ôʱȫ컯֮ȴͻȻ֮תͷſ˶ڣһڽ컯֮ȥ
ԭûһ˿컯֮ڶ⣬ɢˮɫĹâΧĴ֮У·޾ϻۡ
໣
ѾûϢ˿̱һֲֿϢֺһ߿
컯
ӦɢǿϢĪֻһɿֲѹϮһѾȥһ컯֮Լ˿̷Ī仯Ĵ󺣣߹ͬãȻһȥɢ컯Ϣ𵥴컯֮ǿһء
޴˫ۣĿԬĪע⵽ʱȻûϢ˫֮Уԡ
޴Ԭֱ֮˹ȥٶ֮죬ĪӶЩûзӦ
ֻǿ޴һȻԬʧ֮УͬʱԼ֮еһΣҲֱӾͱɢˡ
αɢӣ֮ǰϵʱͬԼϵֻҪһЩɢˮֻص֮С
ʱĪӵעȻǲѾſԼ̶ȵĸ֪Ӧž޴ƶĹ켣
Īӷ֣Ǿ޴Ѿһ˲䣬ԬӰ˼ΪߵԬԾ߱컯ʱҲûжٷ֮
Ѿ仯ԼԭΣȻ޴ûܹڣبŲĵϣͬҲûܹĲࡣ
Ĳ֪ݵٶ֮УԬһѾҧˣʣµһܷڣһδ֪֮
һλ½ĶߣۿҪΣա
޴ͣʱĪֻ֮Уһþ޴ͷѾ˺ҧЩĿȫǣͣµһ̣ž޴ͷһȥ
һĻĪֻ𺳣Щ廹ͶĺеĴߣо͸оǿ־ˣûκεԥЩѡߣΧĪ仯ĺˮȴûа취ƿռߣֻеٶ롣
ȻҪ˵еٶȣһܹȵղչֳٶȣٶȱȲϣʱҲܼˡ
ЩͶĴߣǳĬһѡĲͬķ򣬻ݹ˲ߡ
ЩһǾ޴ҲȻʧ̶ʱ䣬ĪоһԴı̾д߱׷ˡ


ھŰٶʮ һԵ
޴˳еĵһʱĪԭΪԼܿͻڶεƬ֮󣬵ڶų֣֮ûеˡ
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ĪӼиеЩ⣬һ߱컯λߣ˸Уټڳֱ仯Ĵ󺣣ЩߵƣƾٶȣпܽЩȫµġ
ϸ룬ϾһǴߣʵֶζȱ֪ŶٿƵƵıֶΡ
һ컯Ͼ컯棬ܹӳҪһ컯֮ǿӦҲǿޣʹҲĳƣҲڵΣͷŰŵó
֪Ѿ߶ĳ̶ȣĪڼܹע⵽֮з飬ȻҲܹע⵽Ǿ֮
ڽնɱ֮ǾٶȾͱЩߵĴУʵȽǿģҲѾʱ뿪˴󺣡
Īע⵽ǾϵϢȻǿ󣬿ϵƬȴʼˣӴ壬½ֻһƬƬ䣬Ǻױע⵽ġ
ȻЩˣԭĪҲһ˲뵽ˣҪôΪղűµԬȻڷҪôЩܲסڵڱ
ԭ򶼺пܣǰߣղųֵļεûԬģԷܱˣڻûг׵䡣
ߣΪһ߶ߵҪ컯Ҳô׵ģŵʱûгΪ컯棬Ѿˣܹ
ͷĪӿǾֿʼжڴ֮зٵĴÿһͣ٣Ǵ֮лڷսĵط
ЩȻڷսĵط֮ս˲ͽˡ
У֮ƬʼԽԽ࣬ԭѾһЩõļ
ֻʹһΣҪʱ䣬֮г׵ѹ֪һĻĻ棬ĪˣֻʹһΣڲûнջأǼȡ
ԽԽƣϢҲڲϵʱĪȻ֮ע⵽һ棬ٵƶУƺһ۵Ľ⣬ѪѾ÷ǳĵط͸
ǳĲۣĪӻǲַ·بŲĵϡ
֮Īû˿ԥԦŽµӣŽֵĵطȥ
֮гģԾԬλĶߣ֮ɱסԼ
ֻǱסԼԬڵ״̬ԲǺܺãʵյ˺ܴӰ죬ĪӾҪȥûס
Ԫ«֣״̬µԬĪȫĶԸһԷԪ«֮У³Ժʱ֮ࡣ
ΨһЩϧǣڴкˮ״̬Щ⣬Īûа취˲ƶȥֻٶȣٵ￿֪ܲܽסԷ
ԦźƵӣĪӾͷ·ǲһУɿӽȫٶȷӵĳ̶ȣϧǣĪӵʱһǳ΢Ϣ֮⣬ҲԬӰԷѾˡ
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Ȼ֮䣬ĪָоѾЩƲȻԼˣɵøоЩԡ
ʱҪˣҲӦԼѽӦûصĴߣϾ֮Уɻ컯֮
ò廹ҪԸһҰɣĪһͷ
ٶȺܿ죬Īﾯʱ򣬾ѾĪӵҰ֮УѾƸõ¶˴ƬϢȸտʼʱѾ˥һأҪ컯ˣɶĪ˵ɸо˺ܴѹ֣߲ƵǳԼʱ
û˿ԥµӷķĪҲ֮УԪ«ͬͼԱ֤ͼܹӳ
Ƶ˿ͣس뵽˺ƵУϵѪ⻹ڲϵİ䣬ˮ£иĵط¶˹
ˣĪҲоܣеһ̣ĪӸоӱ΢Щ̫ܿˣпƺںԼӵĿȨԼȴܹӰ쵽Լ
˿չֵĵϣ֪ԴڰǱµ컯֮ĪԼˮ֮һЩͬ˲ĪӼ·ϸһһЩָ
ʱĪӵ˼Ҳ棬ҪԵģԼĽ
Ѿ֮еԪ«ʱĪӵĲ£ϢͷųһЩǹˮ
ɫǹˮ뵽Уɫǳۣȴ˿ûжܵ˼ֱӾͺǹˮ˽Ӵ
ͳ˷ǳ˼һĻԭ֮εڽӴǹˮ֮ǹˮãǰٶѾ֮ͫУʱҲ׵ʧȥԡ
Īĸо˺ԼӵĿȨĸоʧˣֻ֮УӻһӰ졣
һˮ£׵֮ͣУˮĳˢһˣڼࡣ
ĪӰ֮룬ΧԴŹŹֵ
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֮İ˾ͳĪӵҰС
⼸λĴ֣߳Īûеǿڣɫ˲һȻڵ
ôλѷǵĵûκεң׼Թ֣ҼʶʶֶΣ廹жٵƣܹٽ£
Ī˵Цˣǰ壬ҵλԵѳ֣ᣡĪ˵ϹļλУ˿˵
Ҳ֪ղŷʲôǾĪȥʱҲǴһҪֹҲûĪԼʵǿֶҲܹתΣΪ
ոպսһԪˣʵأһѵ鷳ҪҪùϵ
ںùϵѾΨһѡˣȻϣʱĪӳ£ϣµԭ򣬻Ϊ塣


ھŰٶʮ 
ǰļλߣĪɫɱ䣬Цſ˵
ǾȽһ£ʲô᣿
Ī˵֮ĿͿһеȻŰĿתЩĴߡ
λ֮У˿˵ȷᣬѰ壬λԵѳ֣ȷһ⣬ȻֶΣҵ޷ȫƵģԲŻ⣡
ŶѵƵͦɾģ޷ĻЩ˰ɣĪɫѿ˵
˵ĻڻǲţΪǾԾ˲ݵģ˲ݵĻ˫֮УͲ͸¶һЩˣǹˮҲЧôͼӰˡ
仰뽫һƵøɸɾʵЩˡ
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Ű㣬ĪɫʱȴһЩΪ㲢ûѣղߣ˵ĻҲʵ
ڰڳһϷ̬ĪȴЩ֮Աǡ
Է֮Իڳһ̬һǵȷĪӰ壬֮Σա
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ɶǲȥĪҪĻڵƺҲ΢ЩѰ
Ȼ飬ôͺ˵ˣΣ֮Ԯ֣ûϵ徹Ȼ£ˣ컯֮ʱʹˣ
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Īӻո˵꣬ļλߣ˰֮⣬˶еȻĪҪǶûа취ܵġ
߿֮ŻĿ˵ĪѵҪʵЩˣ岻ܴӦѣ컯֮ڴǧ˵Ҫûа취ʱ뿪󺣣Ѳں֮е飬ʱ뿪󺣣컯֮˵ҲһΣ
˵ĪӵɫøƽһЩּ˵
컯֮й飬һλ峤飬ں˴֮еĺƵģ˴󺣵ˮԴ֮⣬컯֮䵽˵УҲѷӳ
ĪѾ㽫壬ܹ߷ҲԴﲻ컯֮ĳ̶ȣǳԽһľŵɽɱˣͲֵã
ĪһŰĻһע֮УĽһ࣬ѾֳĹ飬лЩ
Ѿ÷ȥӴ컯֮ȷо컯֮һƵģķźǿųԣǿдݶȷûа취ӳ컯
ĻԼҪǿռŹ飬壬ֵʹۿۡ
뵽Īӽ֮еǿŹ飬ͻƮȥ
ŹһдߵĿ⣬ǵŹϸҲϵϸ
Ź飬ƮĪӵУ֮ǰСһء
컯֮䵽ĪеһɲǣĪԪеԪ«ͻȻ֮ɢһȦΣţĪӸоԼʶѾ̽뵽ԼеŹ֮ڡ
һˮ֮ϣչĪӵǰ
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һ̣ĪгУҲĶڵķڷٵתţΪѾʼˡ
Ԫ֮ڵԪ«һνӴ컯֮Ԫ«֮еݻųİ
һ֮ĵϣѾڶɢԪ«֮ڣµ͡
λĴ߿ڽӴһ˲䣬ĪԳһЩ仯Ҳɵһ
ĪҲˮ֮ϣżĴߣΪӴ˹飬ͻȻ֮һЩʲôȻᶨ˽컯֮ͷǾЩ̫ˡ
˼תʱȴĪŹ飬ʱ䣬ĿǣȻ󿪿ʵ
徭֮º󣬽Ҫһʱһ´֮еλʮʱ䣬֪Ƿ㹻
ĪӴһüͷɵһ£Ǻܿ𸴵ʮ죬㹻ˣ
ŲµĪӽ˵ʲôʵ˵Ҫµʰһ´֮е̯ӣʮʱ϶ǲģ֮䣬ҪٴνӴʮʱ䣬Ѿˡ
ãʮ֮ĵͥһˣ֮䣬ٴνӴһ£ϣһΣܹѺõͬˣĪӵ˵ͷ˵
ʮ֮ȥͥĸλҲ˵
˵仰Īһ˿ЦݣһƣеĹ飬ĶļλƮȥ
æӹƮĹ飬ٵļһ£Ȼ컯֮պãͬҲ¶ЦݣĪ˵
֮¶ĪѾҸһ䣬ĪѿԸȥ𣡡
ѿˣ´л˵ɣҲЩˣͲڴ֮жˣһȥ֮󣬻Ҫĸλһ£λӭʮ֮λѵļ٣ĪЦҡҡͷȻڳĸλߴ˸кӣ˲ʧԭء
컯֮ʱ򣬴֮еĺˮƺҲָĪڿ׵뿪ˡ
ĪʧһλתͷŰ㣬ƺ˵ʲôȴס
ͱҪˣҪܿҲḯ࣬ûжļֵܹҪعѾˣҪٽ֦Ҫ֪壬ɲǰˣ
˵仰ϵȻûʲô仯лǶһĨȻ֮ɫ


ھŰٶʮ 
ʮʱ䣬ֻһգ۵Ĺѣʮ˵Ƕ֮е˵ȴǷǳģǾĶǵġ
֮еľƣһϦ֮÷ӿĸ֮Уüǿ壬Ȼ壬Ͷ뵽Ļ֮Уһ巢һս
ȻһսĽ廹תΣΪˣǸĴҲС岻ǿƵĵƣҾҲһս֮бٵˡ
ʮ֮У飬Ҫ㣬㾭һս֮Щѡ˱ĸ壬̣Ҳû֮ô򵥣˵൱鷳
ѡļ壬ڶ֮ǰѾĵת뿪˴󺣣ôڴ֮еķܣǿƵĸ壬ԵȺֹһ֪ȫתƳȥ
ʣµЩѾѵĸˣʵ󲿷ֶ޹ģΪѹ֪ԼĴߣȻѾ塣
鷢ʱЩѡվߣС
ЩΣѹͷɱҳϵȺδǣһǳͷ۵顣
ĻڵĴ߶ˣҲѲ˸ϵǴˣЩ޹Ͼڹؼʱǻѡվһߡ
鲢һȺǣ˴֮ܶȺ弴ǻŭҲôûа취ȫɱ£ҲǳΪպ
գҲֻܾϸĵЩ壬Ƿ޹ûз֮ģ֮ӦûĻͲ׷ˣǾ⣬Ǿֻºˣ
ľעҪæµҪˣǲҲûа취һս֮ȻתΣΪʵȴǴˣѾ٣Ӵ
һ֮ѹ֮е壬飬¾ͷǳļˣԶԴЩ壬Ҳֻ̬ȱºһЩ
ʱãôЩԭûбĸ壬պҲпܻᱳѣȵµĸ嶼ԼˣˮͷӴҲûˡ
ѣѣλ̸ͥɣ
ͥſڣĪӺϯӦվһ𣬿ͥλߣĪЦſ˵
ĪѣϯӦѣλڴ˵Ⱥˣ㿴ǰĪӺϯӦǿмһ˿΢ЦĪӺϯӦ˵
Ը߰ǰһӣЦԺ˽ʱ򣬻Ҳ˵ıȽ١
ΪĻߣ֮ͥȴòֳһõ̬ȣԱڽĸλ߽Ӵ
ֻ⸱ӣЩ̫Ȼ˶ܹһۿЦݵĽӲ
һԸһİ潫һĻУһ˵ζû뵽гһգ徹Ȼ䵽ⲽأտ彻ʱҲҪǿԼһЦ
ĪӿһĻûжٴܹһЦֻ˵ٵȷѾˡ
û֮ڴ󺣵ƿƺҲ˲٣ԴеϢ̽Ҳǰôˡ
ʮʱ䣬ĪӺĸλߣһֱûзɶڴ󺣵ĹעʮΪҲ۲ıȽ
֮ڶ֮࣬ǰһս֮ʮʱ䣬һϵеΪ֮£е˲١
һЩԭûв뱳ѣѾһЩ˼壬ʮ֮˴󺣣Ĵ߱
һЩΣѵʱɶĹ壬õã˲ٵĺô
ЩѵĴߣûг֮еȺڰĵ㣬ЩûмʱȺҲ࣬ǶȺĴ߱ȫֻ֪ܵһЩǣ
ڴ֮æµţſܻͽѾԼõĻͰʱҲûʱ塣
ĪӺϯӦĴ£˺֮ܿͥеһСռ䣬кüλѾȺˣ˽еĴ߶ӭɫֵıȽϺơ
û뵽ǰˣ̫ˣǧǰ͵йһνӴڵѵΪֶΣһֱǳǰ˰ԣǳк
֮ǰ͵Ҳǲʶôȥû뵽ܺ͵ƽ͵˵һһҪһһλʶҲкŰ¡
Ĵ߶˵飬Ͱ涼о΢ЩȻ֮ǰѾ׼ܻܵİۣû뵽ֱ֮Ĳ񻰡
ԽˣԽûף廹ֵ飬֮⵽ۣǾĻš
Ҳûʲô취˶ѾˣγУҲֻţܹӱܣڽĽ̸УһҪסߡ
ڰͰѾ׼˽Ҫ̸еʱĸλߣڽ̸֮УȴֵɷǳĺƣûǲĨǵİ첻뵽⣬ֱ֮Ӿ˵
֮еҲ˽һЩ֪λѲܾǾֱӿʼɣ
ܵͬ飬ҲϣܹΪѣͬԿ壬ҪЭ̵¡

һͰиоԽԽ죬˵̣ҪеĿɵĶࡣ
ϣǽΪѣ˫ƽȵĹϵξԼÿһʱ䣬ͻԴĽͨޣͬʱǿ˴˫ϵ
غﺣ֮ڣԻδ£Խﺣ֮⣬أд
˫ڶԿһ㣬ʵʵ˴˽Э̣漰⣬ҲĽЭ̡
ЩѾԶԶĸ˰ͰԤڣȻЩطǾûǿȡһ£ǾԣͬˣԵûǷǳгġ
ˮ壬ĽǾǿϣɶڵˮ壬Ѿ㹻ˣҪģһΰȵʱ䣬ܹģ庣
֮ǰڲõֻҪ岻ֺôǴԴӦ¹һеҲܹЭ
ڣֻǳĵش΢һ£һ˴ţͰѾͬЩ


ھŰٶʮ بɴ
Ľˣеı֮еĻҪ˳ԴڶʱھѾ̸ˡ
֣ҲһĿǰסѣ֤İȫּۻ۵뷨ûУܿʹӦˡ
һЩ漰ľϸڣҪϸϸĴ̵ģ֮ȻĽǿ߽ӴЩ塣
°֮λߣͼæص˺֮Уλ΢һ£ҲɶԷ뿪ˡ
ȵλ뿪֮֮ͥУֻʣµĴߣһ϶ЦݣȻĿͶĪӡ
ȴЦݿڵ˴ܹ˳ĽˣĪѣûĪڴ֮ðΣհ壬̸Ͳ˳ξӹΰ
ѿˣֻһԼӦѣƲʲôͣĪԣæҡҡͷ˵
һεȷйûбҪԼ̧̫ߣϾг˴٣ߣҲŵġ
Īӻصʮ죬Ѿ֪巢սĵ죬Ĵսһսˡ
嵽Ĵû뵽λصĴߣĴߣ컯֮ĴҲúܼѡ
Ѿȷλߣں峹վһϣĿǰ²ôԭ򣬿Ҫ屻ӡڲɫǳ֮еλǰų
ĪӾãԭЩվסţΪӡǿ֮еλߣܹӡʱ䣬Ҳֻǧѣ˵ǧʱҲǺȫȵ𣬽ǰų˵Ҳû̫ĺô
ĪӷǾãЩ߿ֻΪվһߵĶѡ
䵽Ĵˡ干֣ͬʧȥϳʱ֮ǧ֮³Ҳˡ
ʵ£Ҫٴ֮㣬һϳϣͬҪһѡ
ˡ壬ĵˣҪѡһѣǻֻܴѡǰųʣµ֮䣬廹ǿ塣
ֻڴ֮ǰҪһ飬һ˫ĹϵýһĽˣø˳£͹ϵķʽһĺ
Īǫ飬һ˶ںУսȻǾӹΰģܹ˳ĺˣʵ֮ʵԸͬʵ壬⻹ûģϯӦҲЦſĪ˵
ѡˣܳһʱ䣬λѣҲ׼λϣһ
Ĵ㣬ʵ壬Կͬʵ壬ٴνˡһƽ㡣
ֻԬѾΪ˶ߣĶս֮УǿҪ·ˣϯľʱ˵ҪµĶȽ⡣
һڳλ߶˵ͷ˶ߣ˵ȷһ൱Ϣ
֮ǰΪĵƣԬȻûе䣬ҲһЩˣʱ֮ڣӦòսˡ
ɵȵƻָ֮ûг֮࿹ĶߣǵȵԷսϣ¾ֻƣͶԷսˣڵǣڴ߲εϣ岢һơ
Ϊ̸⣬λ̸߽ܿͽˣԶ뿪ͥ
ĪҲ뿪ͥ󣬻صԼĵУٱչһʱ䡣
֮ǰڴУӴ컯֮ʱĪһ˲ĽӴһЩôڴ;УǰһڻصԼĵУȻһջ񣬿ܷԼΪһ
ʵֻǽӴ֮õЩĪӲûԼΪһΪһЩŴ߾ڿ£
ݸͬʱԪ֮е鱦Ԫ«ȴµγɣѾʮԼķѾƶΪϳһض
ڳϸϸԼջ֮Ī֪ԼΪ٣Ӧÿһ£Ϊһﵽ߾ڡ
ĪӻصԼĵ֮󣬾ʼչˣľƣȴڲϵı䶯š
ˣ֮䣬˺ܴӰ죬ڲǺܣΪԴǵһ壬ˣоʣҲ
屻ԭѱѣҰǽǵ£Ҳ󲿷ֵϢĸ֣Ժںսϣܻԭĸ֣ϣܹע⡣
֮Ҳһ㶼ûţͬųһЩϢ󷽷һ塢塢ȵȴ֮еΪһԱΧڣˮЩ塣
ͬϰﵽæ壬ûʲôΪ֪Ϣֻʱ֮ǿ֮Ǽŷӡżλߵǳ⵽һιǲûнɫǳƿ
ת֮䣬ĪӻصԼĵչؾ͹ȥһ꣬⼸ϣĪӵе˸սβãͻȻ֮͸о֮ˮЩԾˡ
еĵӵһʱ佫ĿͶĪӱչصķȻҷ֣ˮĻԾǴĪﴫġ
ʱͻȻ䷢֣Χޱƺʱʼޱߵƺ֮У·һֻȻ֮
Ȼţޱߵƺ֮УȻ֮͹һ飬ͺͻȻһأϸĶһ·ǹס
ȻֻȻﳹ׵ֳΣȻһֻ޴ޱȵľ޹꣬ޱƺ֮쳤ХοЩãı塣
󣬿˵൱𺳣ͥʱ䲢ɣио𺳸ǿҵġ
ǣʲôɿ
ֻһӰ˿ܵѹȴʵڵģԼվһֻ޴ǰԼû˿ķ֮ͻᱻԷѹ촷ۡ
һλǿߣɾʹ֮ʱ󣡡ɸոոоЩ𺳣߾Īº͵ͬʱĪӵ֣Ҳļϡ
תͷĿֻͬõľ޹ĪӣҪһ㶫ͿĪЦһȻ˵
Ҳ˴ǮˣȻبɾʹˣһλߣبڽɾ磬ͼ˴ʵǿߣӦܹһЩƣǲ֪᲻òʧ
Ī˵ֿ꣬һɣȻתȥ»صչصĵط
ıչػûнҲΪղŸо˳ɾʹߣųһ֣֪˳ɾʹߵ˭Ϳˡ


ھŰٶʮ ܺ
Щ̫ĪΪʲô֮󣬾ֻ˵ôһ仰ȻͻȥչˣҲ֪Լԭ򣬻ΪڵԼΪ̫ͣ˽Ķ̫ˣͰĪ˵仰ԼڴԺĳһԼ⡣
ĪӵĻϵ˼ǱȽԵģλΪߵبƺôֵεģдġ
بǲֵΣʵĪӻЩɣΪΣѵʱĪӲûпبӰ֣вٸ֣ʱвսҲûйĸֱ壬ϹһֱͱȽι塣
بܹΪߣĪţгبƾԼѿ뵽ߵ֮С
Ϊڽɾ磬൱ʵبʵȻӹɵģǸոտ뵽еڴ֮ҲԲߣһ˴֮Ĺ壬һʵ壬֮䣬ܷ񱣳Ĺϵһֻպٿˣ
»ص˱չص״̬֮󣬵ֱͬһİ˻ڵ֮еļÿεʱ򣬻΢һЩ֮⣬ʱ䶼һƬƽ
ʱ䣬Ҳ죬ΪĽٶԲ
һ죬ڽŽϳĿޣͻȻ֮ȴо֮еƺһ˲ʧȥ˻ԣһȫֹ״̬ѱսڣɵ˫ۣĿ⿴ԼΧ
֮Уƺû˿ı仯һоɻǷڡ
ƺһַǳ޵ڵֲͬڵϣҪһЩǺԼĹͬһԴɾԼΪֲܸˡ
뵽ԼĹͬһԴʶԴͷںδˣʶɨĪӱչصĵطŲҲǸȥ
һɾ֪ԼûдԴͷȻڱչصĪӡ
Χһжûκεı仯ķתҲǳɵߵĪӱչصĵطʱȴһ·ƺøˡ
ÿǰŲһɶоԼ·ھŵĵĿʣԼ;УڵһЩ⣬ʱͨͨ˳ЩԼûʶĶ谭Ųϡ
ֵĵĿʣƺǳºͣҾһԣû˺ǲϵľЩ⡣
΢ЩָоˣΪ˵ŷǳĺôܹٽΪ
ͼϽӽʱָоͻȻʧˣһȻʧĸо
ûȻʧĸоãɾͿĪ˳ϻŵЦݡ
ݼʦϲʦΪٽɶĪӹһ
ĪϵЦݣղŵľɾ֪ĪӾΪȡͻơ
Īԣ΢΢˵ͷȻҲû˵ʲôֻŽŲǰȥ
ĿĪӵıӰԶȥĿҲһֱûջأΪɷ֣ʱĪӵϣһַǳصĸоַͬ·Ͷ֮䣬̺һϵĸоڵĪӣһкˣŲн֮úָͨоôͨ
һһ˾úȻۣŲǰ̤£˾Ӧ̤ǻ˾̤ܺá
ָоЩŹ֣Ҳûа취ܺõݣıݵĻоʱĵ伮֮УĪӶʱ䳤ӵд
ԭĪӣʱ䳤ӵڣһΨһģ̺һĵϣڵĪӣʱ䳤ӵδȻսҲΪ̶ΨһȴоĿԡ
վԭ֮ջĿ⣬ȴһ˿ȡ
ԼƺԼʦϣĿ˴δֿܣҲԼµĿꡣ
һֱһµˣڴϰʱ䣬ԼڣѾչ˵춨˴Żĳ̶ȣ֮ϣһ̨ͬԼ¡
ֻ֮ϵĹ򣬺ʹϵʱܹͬλģǸ˵Ϊ˽ɾ֮ȻȻӵкܸߵĵλ
ԼʦûʲôƾŴߵΪû˭ܹ飬ҲҪĲ롣
ѾԹִţλԼֳɾ͸УҪ׷ʵֻǿʵӶĵλ
뵽Щɱתȥ»صԼղĵطղŻûɵ
ĪӴӱչصĵط뿪֮һ·ԼıԵ·ޱߵƺԥһԾ£û뵽ƺ֮УȻƺ֮д
αչʱ䣬ջǳľϲʵͻͽֿһﵽ˴߾ĺڡ
һСĪ˵仯ȴǷǳĴһ󾳽ĸо
Ϊһڴ֮;ϵߣĪԴӵ˴߾֮󣬾ڲϿԼĵ·̽δ֪ǰ
ǰ··ǺĻѩɵǽڣҪϵײײǺĻѩǰһ
ĪȴоԼѾҪڤڤ֮еĴˣ֮·ϣԼҲû̫ĵ·Լ˵Ȼ˵ǳͨģѾȷˡ
Ӵ߾ڣ߾ĺڣĪӸоĲͬԲָо
ԲһУƺûаԼУͺԼԪ֮ϣежȫֳһͶӰȻһ𣬾ͺǽһŹʵһӣȴһε
ֱ仯Ī뵽Լǰ񻰴˵УЩ˵õ֮ĵ
Ҳ̶ֳȣҲ˵ԼһУԼϢϢأֲӰ쵽Լ
ƺ֮ɵĴţĪӸоһǰδеĳУ;мǰУڸоԼĽӴˣһּԸóϲá
ĪԼҲ֪Ӵߵľ磬컯ľ磬мľɺܴǿʣΪ谭ȴǷǳԴƵģڶߣձһǰĪҲûԼܹɵĿǵż
Ԫ«İֻҪԼĻۣȥƿǵţƿԼźܴļʳɹ
ƺ֮зƬ֮ĪֻصԼĵϵЦѾɲ
ԼչԪ«ϣеԪ«ĪϵЦֳָˡ
ͲҪѹԪ«֮ĳˣһ취ĴٽԪ«ڵͣҵΪܸԲĽӽ컯磡ĪĬĬ


ھŰʮ ز©
ĪΪٴ֮ûþͥҵ֮ͥе̲Īӿ̲һ̣˻ŶԷͬʱһĨ˼֮ɫ
Ϊ
Ϊ
ͬģĪӺ̲ͬʱ˵һ仰Ȼʶ˴˶Щʧ̬źܿĻָ
Īһֱ֪̲ΪһصĴߣΪܲͣϾĳɵ֮·ѾɨƽϰǰһƬ̹;û뵽̲ΪٶȾȻô졣
صĹȻΪֽһЩ¸ѵĵϸĪƽһԼ֮󣬶̲˵
ĪΪٶҲֲܿôãѾ׷ˣѲҸе̲ҲЦſڵ
Īӵٶ֮죬̲һֱǿģֻû뵽˽ɾ磬Ǵ߾֮ĪΪٶ֮죬̶겻ô
ǿҲǻ๧άһ䣬ȻһЦ߽̲ĵ֮Уһ߻һ̸߽š
ĪѱΪ⼸ɣȻҵĵ;ѾʣܹΪҲΪ׵ģЩһ߰ͥ飬һ߻ҪɫĽǮƹ㵽֮УҲǷ˲Ѫġ
ǽǮƹ㵽УҿǷ˺ôĹ򣬲ȡһЩЧˣܵĵǮΪҪѳԽˣ
̲˵Щ߽˵У֮ǰÿĪʱ½̸ĵطȻȻ¡
ĪЦſڵˣҲĽδڣ
ǻĽĪΪٶȣ¾ֻ˼ˣ̲Ͼͳ裬еһĪӵǰȻֶĪ˵
ҲֻһЩԵѣĪԣҲЦЦ
̲Ϊٶȵȷܿ죬ԼҲһ㶼ΪıȽ϶ԣӦûٶȸһЩ
˵仰֮Ҳ֪Ӧþʹ˴סˣûиһ̸ȥıҪԡ
Īѽ֪ͥΪ£̲תϣĪʵ
ҽΪ֮ǰ鹬ĲкϣܹһЩ֣Һúõоһ£Īӿ˵
Ȼû⣬Ī֪ǲڼ컯֮棬ѾһЩĵˣ̲Īӵ⣬һھʹӦȻ̲סĪʵ
һЩ뷨ϸĲһ£鹬Ĳк֮⣬ҪһЩɱϸоĪһͷ˵
仰Ī˵м٣μһ컯ֻ֮һЩĵˣѾӦôоһϸڡ
鹬ĲкĪӵãô򵥣ҪǰԪ«Ľһݻ
ĪҪҵɱоҲΪ
ΪѾ˴߾ڣͲҪѹԪ«еˣתҪ̣Լõ㹻ķԼΪǰƽϵĿ컯硣
ĪӵĻ̲¶һ˿ϲɫû뵽ĪĻش𣬸æʵܷĪָһ£
Ȼû⣡ĪȻͷ˵
μ컯̲֮ˣͲ˽Ͼ˶ԷٵİӦһ¡
ǣĪӾͽԼμ컯֮򣬴µĸ̲
ĪӵĽ̲֮뵽˳˼֮Уϸ˼ŸղĪ˵ĻԽԽе
޷ȷĪ˵Ļ˵ķһУΪĪԼҲûгɹİĪ˵ģȥǷǳ׵ġ
ھܲܳɣ͵þһ֤ſԣֻҪ֤һ£ǳɹʧܣ֪Īӵķǲȷġ
лĪָ㣡˼һ̲֮ͷĪӱʾ˸лѾ¾ģ취һ¼컯֮
ΪһҲʱΪ컯׼ˣյԣǳ컯ʱûܹһ컯֮гɹĿܣ̲ǽЩˡ
̲֮ʹĪȥȡ鹬кĪӵõĲ֣Ҫ֮ǰһЩ
õ鹬Ĳк̲֮ûдĪ뿪ִĪһλСռڡ
彻սҲɻ˲ķкܶ඼أûа취ʹõģֻʹиƵģͥҲЩռ
ЩоֶΣлȡеĲϵģĪӦҪЩ
뵽ƬСռ̲֮ЦŶĪ˵
ĪӿǰĿռ֮Уɫ֯һ𣬱Ⱦ÷ǳҵգӦƬռڣͬҳһĸϢϲɵ¶һ˿Цݡ
֮ϲĪû뵽ͥڣȻԿôķԼ˵ǼΪõġ
ǸɫգΪͬķͷųϢǱȾɵģһͿ֪Щ൱ɹ۵ġ
дķƷҲǺܸߣҲһɽҲһɱЩôġ
˵ЩʹƵķĪҲһ㶼ںֲҪʹЩֻǴѧϰһеĽƣٽԪ«γɡ
лѣĺаĪתͷ̲ʾл
ĪѿˣܹﵽͺãˣƬСռ֮УһЩв֮ʱʱӦòŵĪѰɣŵĻʵӣϣĪָܹһ£̲ЦŶĪ˵˵֮󣬾ת뿪ˡ
̲뿪ĪӾͿʼСռ߶ӴһСռеķ
ȻƬСռеķ٣Ҳò˵֣ǱĻǺܺõģóˡ
еÿһ˴֮䶼Ǹģÿһ߱Ĳͬϣᾡͨ󷨻ֶΣʺϵĻЩ
ĪڽӴһʱ򣬾ͷֶͥΣҲǺŵģֱ淨ķʽܿһķڳõ֮нĻָԺ˵ܹóȥˣһܻһЩ仯һЩľϲ
̲˵һĪӿʼӴЩʱ򣬷ƬСռУȷһЩͥˣҲڽӴЩһΪһЩģһЩΪ͵ģһǽн⡣
ĪûпԼҲûȥǣԼͬȥӴһˣĪӿԷ˳ۣҲ˳ָ䡣
Ȼ;ʱȻһѣǰڴϵʱʶĳˡ
Ѽ棬ĪӺȻĺͶԷкǳˣʼĪӵʱ΢Щִ٣ڱ˴˽̸֮󣬷ĪӲûбֳߵĸ߸ϣ˵ҲֻǾطָоҲͻָһЩȻȻҲ󷽷ĪһЩ⡣


ھŰʮһ հ
ʱԽ֮Īڴ֮ͥ˳Сռ֮дŵзĪӶӴˣɵ͸еĽƣԪ«еҲһλõ
ĪΪͻƵ߾ڵʱԪ«еѾɳʮУѾʮŵˡ
ϧҪٵԪ«еҪܶˣҲĻᣬӴôﵽɱεķˣԪ«еʮŵĪҲзĸ̾
Ԫ«еҲʲôܶγɣ𵽻ĴٽЧ֮еĽƣʵܹ𵽵Ч࣬ε֮󣬹ƷµɱѾûжˡ
֮ǰУĪӾǰǵЩѹԪ«ĳͣͥеջҲûô
Ԫ«ĳͣͬҲĪӷٽĪΪ߳ͥĪӣ֮ǰʱЩ̫һ˱øԲˡ
ͷһͥĴţĪͻȻ¶һĨЦݣȻعȥŲǰߣ֮䣬ξͽ黯ֱȫʧ
ͥУЩջ֮⣬ĪӸоԼջ񣬾Ǽѳ
λѣȻΪϱԶԶ˦ĿǰΪɾ磬֮ϹõҲ
ó֮֮ͥнӴ˸ɣٽص㣬ѾһЩԼĵ·
һͷĳѾɱĳ̶ȣ󻹻
Ҳδĳɾͻޣ߳Լĵ·Ѿһܲ׵ˣĪӻͦΪĵġ
ҲĪһЩѵϢ֮Ϻ󣬸˶˲ͬµļÿ˶˵ϲǿ϶˴֮䣬ĶһЩ롣
֮ϵĻÿȥʱ򣬺ķѵʱҲܹ࣬ĻҲûǰôˡ
ҲԺ󣬻ڶԷϢԽԽ٣Ӧûĳʱġ
ͥ뿪ĪӲûлصԼĵǰڤ׼Լˡ
ڤĻһǻɫͺɫֻǼǿŲƵǳֶ֮һЩɫʣûôˡ
ĪӳڤվǿŲƵǳϣŲƵǳڤ֮Уһ
һΣŲƵǳڤĿռ䣬ԽϵøӽˣɢâУ⾳ҲøԣǳƵı棬Ҳʼ΢΢˱仯ƺҪԼĥһֲ¡
Īվǳϣ·ڤأܹ֣ڤ֮еĻ壬Ҫٵ̫ˡ
Щԭڤļз֮мĻ壬ѾѿˣЩɢŽڣƺû̫ı仯
ڼз֮Щ壬ǵȻǱظˣеЩ꣬Ǿ˵ظֻܹ֮֮ǰڤжȹһΰȵʱڡ
֪䣬ڤѾı򣬿ʼӦµȻмı仯Ǻܴ󣬵ǵʱĳ֮ԺúԭӵĲͬ
ĪĿɨһȦ֮󣬺ܿһһǸǰ
ûֱӽֻãͷ·ѼҴţҴһ
ûȴǰ΢΢Ļζ£˲òĵ
û֮ĪӾվԭأĬĬĵȴţֻԼʱ䣬֮о߳һӰ
һʿ񣬳࿡Ͷ֮䣬˸еʱüĴƣ֤һλ飬ˡ
վǰĪӣϹһĨЦݣֱӲĪһƣȻ󿪿ڵ
Ī֣Υˣ
֣ĪӿǰհףüĴı־֮⣬ݣѾص˸ʶʱ򣬻ָ֮ʱķɣǸѹֻˡ
粽߽հ׵УĪӴһհ׵򣬳˻õΪ֮⣬Ļйоء
ע⵽ĪӵĴЦ˵ȼɭϣҲճΪ鲻ãŸոӦҲûʲôۣĪֲҪЦ
ĪԣҲЦſ˵ֿӦĻͦģĺܲ
гæָһ¶ѣڻϹæأհ׼˵
Ϊʱ䣬ҸտʼоڳΪٵʱƺûжĲͬɾ˼ĳָ֮֮ĲͬҲӦ
Īհô˵ûǷȷʵֻҪԼӵĿҲһı˵Ҫռһơ
ڤר̹ģ˳ģհֶĪʵ
Ȼר̶ʵ缸궼һˣϧܻᱻһЩ鵢飬ڲŹ￴֮⣬ȷʵҪȥʦҵĸĸĪЦŻش
ԣհ׿ĪӣϵЦֶһ˿ʵ֮ǰһԼ÷׼λöϴӽңڣĽ
仰ĪϵЦҲŨһЩԼĸĸλϣպңڡ
֮󣬽֮Ļ⣬ͽĿˡ
հ׸ոճΪ鲻ã˵ѾӦ˳Ϊ֮ı仯⻹ĶҪ˽⣬ĪӾͿʼհ׽һЩҪ˽顣
ڤе£ĪֻǼ򵥵Ľһ£ûϸĽ⣬ΪЩհպ˽⵽ģҪհ׽ģֽ׶εΪ޷ӴһЩԼصľƱ仯
ڽЩĹУĪⲻ˻дһЩйصݣǶȨĵȷĽ
հĪӽЩݣ֪ĪӣѾվһԼ󼰵ĸ߶ȣЩԼõġ
հ׵ĴϻۣȻҲĪڽĹУдĺԼйصݣҲûеֻؽЩݼ¡
ΪѣĪַʽָԼѾˣհҲľʩ֮ģǸеǳá
ȵĪӽĲʱʱѾ֪ȥ˶ã̸֮˽ؼƿܻᷢı仯
˵ѾĵòˣĪӾվհ˵
պĵˣ´ʱ䣬ݷ֣
һΪĪһˣ֮ǰСһЩôû뵽Ī㾹ȻģĪ׼뿪ˣհÿЦĿ˵
һѺôģһڣôûˣ͸һöӰɣĪԣЦ˵
һ䣬оóһɫĹʵûհ׷ӦĪеĹʵͻһ⣬û뵽ü֮С
⣿һԼüģհ׸ڣȴĪЩصĳһЦȻһ䣬ֱʧǰ


ھŰʮ  ծ
հ뿪ĪӾͼԼڤĿģǰ˸ĸڵ
һΣĪӲûȥհֱ򣬴󷽷ȥĵؽ˸ĸ֮С
Ī֮ǰһĪɽǳΪ֮ǵڣõɷǳʵͬһũҴһ⼸ºӹ࣬Ϥĵطǲסùߡ
ĪӱȽϾȵǣĪɽڳ֮òȴЩ仯ͷɫĪɽ˺ܳĺӣòȻϣȴ׺
Īڹ۲һ֮󣬾ֳΣٴκԼĸĸ
ĪӵĪɽȻǳľϲһ̸֮ĪӴ̸ܹ֮ԼĸĸӦĻͦģʱ䣬Ҳˣһ
ڤʶȻ࣬Ҳʶ˼ƽʱһģʱ˶ȥ˼䣬Ĵ߿ȻǵһЩʵͽĿ١
ʹĴȴ࣬ǿеĿ֮󣬶ʹǵġ
÷Ѿ̹ˣڰ֮ǰȸǲֵðֵðǿ԰һѣǲֵãǾûбҪװ˷ˡ
ÿ¾İ֮ǰǶԵĽһµ飬ȵ֮پҪҪæ
Ī˽һ֮󣬶ڸĸΪ飬ķֻҪܹάס̬ôǵȨˣպҲϲǳʲô顣
ʵԭҲҪĪ̫ģĪɽҲСһӵľȻЩʶûôֲ࣬ɵ뿪ԭĻµ֮󣬻ݵı仯ȻȻĻӦҿٵĳɳ
Īɽ򸾸һЩȤ£ĪӶøĸ飬Ҳڳ׵ķġ
ڤգҽһЩ֪ʶÿķ֮Ī뿪ȥһԼʦ÷
÷УѾΪƷ÷ǰĪӣоȫ͸һ˿һ
ڳΪƷ֮󣬾뿪˻ʳ񶼣иʱĥ֮ˣҲ¸ԼһܶĿ꣬Ϊ൱ڽɾĶƷ顣
һ˲ĵӣ÷ãԼʦģҲʾ׷ԼĵӣԺҲҪС࣬ȻڵΪһЩ˽ˣ˵ĪӵʦҲš
ɽ죬ٴμĵ֮÷оԼıˣĪӵΪѾκҪ׷ϵ뷨ˡ
ԼĶ棬÷ûио˿ѹҲûоľٶǰ̺һ˵ĵϣĪӾͺͨһеΪоĺ
Ϊ׵ʲô̶ȣ
ȻԼĵӴģ÷ĪӣҲûʲô˼ֱӾͿʵ
֮ǰΪŸһﵽ˴߾ڣĪӻش
ĪӵĴ𰸣÷ͷȻ֮һɫЩ仯ȻΪ𰸶𾪡
ѾһʱûмĪˣû뵽ĪӵΪȻѾ̶ֳȡ
߾ǿߣж٣дﵽ߾ڵģ֮и޼ĪΪѾ֮Уվڽ˵һˡ
΢΢ƽһԼ飬÷ͷһֿϲ
ѵ÷Ľ̳һ컯治ɣ˵ĻǾǴ֮ң
ţ뵽ʱ÷̲סЦ
ȵЦ֮÷ЦһֹĪ˵ΪʦſΪ컯һ죡
ģĪӵͷЦ
ʦͽ˻˵ͲѾˣһȺȲ裬һûһš
÷뿪ĪԭǴȥ׼صʱȴסˡ
ڤǿŲƵǳϣĪӺ͹˲תͷһĪӣһĨ֮ɫȻȿڵ
Ϊĺܿ죬񱾻ʿܲĶˣ
ĪԣûнĻֱʵҹʲôֱ˵ɣ֮Ҳûʲôɵģ
Ҳԣ֮䣬ϵͲôãȷûʲôɵģֱڣЩ˻ûʵ˵ͷ΢Щ˵
Դ֮Ļ֮ĪӾҲûмʣټʱĪӷϵϢƽ˲٣ѾǲСı仯ˡ
ǹʽ׼ծģˣĪӼʵ
ʺԼ֮ĶԹĪʵѾȻˣ˽Թԭ򣬾Ϊ֮Īվһ棬ѾȥˣȻЩԹڵĪӣҲûбҪ̫׷ˡ
ԼԲ׷һ飬ĪȴζܷŹģǹʵ챮֮УԭӦǵĶ
ΪǵʦĪҪֻȴָоҲԳΪΪͻƵһؼĻԵΪԼĲ֣ӰǵһԵ
ЩĪȴƺЦһȻٴο˵ˣʿûʸˣҪˣҲĪңծİɣ
ʻһ䣬ͽԼ̯֮УһֵʯʯһλãȱһС飬ûǰôˡ
챮Ҳûдˣһ綼ҪߵģڤԸ͹ܷȥһЩԹ
ĿⶢԼе챮ϣ¶˲֮ɫ˵
Īӿǲ飬ٿе챮ȷûʲô⡣
÷˵ʲôʱ㻹гɵĻᣬһλήٵʱ㻹ܹȡһ³ɵȷ챮ģĪٴζŹ˵
һлᣬǾͲ֪ǺˣĪӵĻͻȻЩԳЦˡ
ĹʣĪҲĲڵı֣Ȼ֮ʧܣĴСڤ֮УҲǵظһҶ󣬺ڤͥˡ
ڿƺһʧ֮£ЩҪήȥףΪһλߣĪӾöԷһ겻ļʲҲֻʱЩˡ
ָʱЩиǧʱ䣬Ӧþ㹻´ΪԼһγ컯׼ˡ
챮ϵĽ⣬ıðдһ֣Ҳһʧתۼͱùģûκε
ʽ챮Īӣ׼ｻȥǽһԺŵ鷳
ŵݵԼǰ챮ĪͻȻЦˣݻծҽˣծӦծŶԣ֮ĶԹһʹ챮֮еĶպ鷳ԭֱӸ
Īô˵Īӵ˼ĿĪһۣҲûٶ˵κλ챮֮תֱ뿪ˡ


ھŰʮ Ÿ
ڤ֮ĪͻȻ֮䷢һ⣬ǾԼĲ࣬ҪٶһЩɱεķҲ١
ȻĪʶ˻һЩģҪǵɱ΢оһеĽƣԼţԸ⸶һ۵ĻӦòһѵ顣
һţЧȻЩͣ飬ԷǴӦˣҲԵ΢Щð
ΪԪ«֮ĳͣĪƺҲû̫õİ취ҲֻȥһݷЩɾϵĸ֣оһǵķ
ˣΪҲûʲôΪģǶЩӣȻᱻи̼䣬ҲҪ̫⣬ֻϣһܹԸǾֵõģ
վĵǰĪѵõĽŲһ£ּᶨԼĿ֮ŷųԼϢ֪Լĵ
оĪӵϢӵ˳ǰһʱһֱԭսֻ֮䣬ΪѣԭսȻȥ˴ͻصԼĵ׼úõһԼεջϣΪܹһû뵽ŴţһĪߡ
֮߳Īӣ΢΢죬ƺ뿪ڴкȴЩ֪ôƺĪˡ
£ӦóƺĪһĪǰ֮ǰٵĽԭĪӵΪƺһĪѣܹܣǽĪǰЩ̫ôˡ
ĪӾȿڵ񣬽ðǰһϣܹȫ
Īһѡĳƺа̾һȻҲڵĪǰǰƵѣǰ£ԣһ飬ܹæģȻĪǰһˣ
ڲ컯֮ãɻҪһЩƷɱϵķΪοԽǰϣܹõѵɱ΢Ƭ̣ҪЩðԵкĪֱӵԼ⣬ȻͿüͷ΢һ¡
ַӦȫĪӵ֮УǻˣҲķӦԲܺ׵ľʹӦ
ܿ죬͵˵ͷĪӿ˵ˣԣ
˵仰֮ʹĪ߽˵УȻóԼɱĪӵǰҲûʲôҪ󣬾ĪӲ
ŷԼǰɱĪӲûȥãԼʶӴǿʵʲôҪ𣿡
ʱûУҡҡͷ˵
仰ĪͻȻ֮оԼˣǵķһ
Ҳ˵˽費⣬˽ˣԼĶδܹ˶ԷпܻԷκҪתԼǷһ顣
ԼҪķ٣ôԿһ£ǷһЩҲûйϵԼҪķܶ࣬Ͳôˡ
ķԭļƻתߣѾˣĪҲֻܲһ¶Էеɽ
ɱƷɱɽǺ˼ĪãҲûаװǷ顣
Īָ΢΢˿ԼüģǵĽӦô
֮ǰΪͥǸСռڵķԼһôһʱ֮ƺЩˣž콫Ԫ«еƣȴһЩ飬Ǿм䣬ԼǷ¶顣
ԭĪӵĴ㣬һһǰȥݷ֮⣬ʵҪĿ꣬Щš
ΪƾõĴţµĵӣжзΪ˾֮ϣҲܹ˳ĽϵķɱĲΡ
ܹõЩŵİĪӹƣԼܹӴķҪ֮ͥнӴĸ࣬ΪЩŵУķ֮⣬ͬҲдսϽɻġ
ĪҲ˴㣬ԼȥҪʲôˣ׼ı꣬Լܽļ컯֮ķ
ֻҹ֮ĪӸоԼ׼ݱ꣬Ĳһ
ˣǾȥһ˰ɣܳ񣬺ôҲŬһ£ҪȻԪ«ĳͣٶȾҪˣȻѾãԼȥ֮ǼܹӦĿܲ󣬿Īӻ׼ȥŬһ£ܳɹܵҪ֪֮һлҲ˵
ĪӾǰ˸ţȥĵһվλǿ֮е̫ţ˵֮ԭдˣȻͿˡ
̫ڣĪ˵⣬һֱޱޱؿĪӣһ仰Ҳ˵Īֻתˡ
̫ʼڣﵹǺĽӴĪӣĪ˵֮󣬶ԴĪӵ̬ɺ飬ֻòǺƯ
ĪǰȽϷóģЩˣ΢ЩƣõϵĻЩҲԣĪӵ̫ʼڵЦ˵ĪӿԼǰЩĶֱӹ˹֣תˡ
ţĪŶûнȥֱӳλŮɣضĪ
ǰ⣬ҵѾ֪ҪǰʧˣȫŮޣҲǰ룬ǰذɣʧ֮պʦǰģ
Ůô˵ĪͬһԲתߣûоʲô˵պ˶ԼĻĪҲȫûзϡ
ڣĪڵһһЩջı꣬ȡ˺;ЩսնɱӴĻᡣ
ȻǺܶ࣬ͥǸСռзԶɾҲǺгģûóһŪˡ
ھڵջҲĪΨһջ񣬽ļţĪֵõ֮ǰһĴûֱӱŲҲûдӦҪ
ôȫջҲһûаһˣصԼ֮еĪӴӴ
ҲܹЩžܾԼԭǺܿĴУΪ֮й
ŴеķͬҲŴеһ֣Ҳ׵ĽӴսϽɻķôҲȡ̣ŵ뵽ķ֮УҲ̫Ը⽫Щй¶ȥ
ȻҪһǣĪóı꣬ûдǣڼ컯֮ĹؼĪԼܽ˳ɸУͬⷽĳɹûĪӵĳɹôƣҲӽ˳ɹ
ԼѾеĶֺαشأٹһʱ䣬˵Ǿܹ׵ףμһ컯֮ҪӦĪӵҪ
ЩĪܹЩŵ޿ɺǣɶԼһһȥõһĪлһ˿õ
ֻҪˣôıŸ޶ԣοĪΪһ£м˻᲻ӣƫƫȴӡ
һ˿õʹ£ԼԪ«ȷҪĪվˣԼԸ㡣


ھŰʮ 
ĪνԸ㣬ϵ˼Լ취Ҫķķ޷֡
һԼƣڶǴá
л÷кܶİ취սϽɻ񣬻߽֮ģܹﵽĿģⲢĪķʽģԼƷ
ƷǻҪϼḶ́Ǻܷʱģ̣ҲܹٽԪ«γɣҲǰװ׵˷ʱ䡣
ôźܶǱڵĺôĪӿͨĳһԼΪ֮ǰͻƲãԪ«ķĪʱΪٶȴǷǳɹ۵ģһҲá
ԼһЩҲܹΪīȼ컯֮׼ȵĪӾò࣬ͿԽīȣ컯֮ĳ̶ȡ
һ㣬ԼµĵԽԽ࣬÷۵ĵӻã˶ԼıЩˣȴûмķ
÷۵ĵӣҲֻһķ
ĪƳЩն˷ѣԺĵʹá
ڵеɣһʱ䣬ͷֻص˵ĪӣʼƸַ
Ȼÿ֮󣬶ĪӵߣĬĬؿĪƷһЩɻĵطῪѯʣĪҲش
ĪΪƷҲҪȫעΪݣע飬Ҳŵ¶
ʼʱĪƷֶΣõĻǱȽϳַȴߣȻмҲɻٵʱ
һʱ֮ɷ֣ĪƷֶΣʼϵı仯
Īֶα仯ĵһ죬ɿĪ÷ǿеĲһŲϣһ㣬Ųںһ𣬻޳вҪĲ֣սһơ
ȻڲƵֶΣҲԵ÷ǳһƣͷ·ֱ䵽Ƶı棬Ȼڽȥһ
˶̶һʱ䣬ĪӾƳһɱȻֻͨƷɱֻΪʱ䲻ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬кʵļߵƷףȫ¡
ַ֣Īƺʱżֻʱ䣬ļ
գΪһɽɱĵɽȫĪǿиѹȥģ͵ɱѾû˼Ǳ
ĪΪμʱĪֻǸǲϵƣϺɽݣ̫ķʱ䣬Բ˵ģȻͿʼµɱ
һĪƵֲֶͬˣһˮ򣬲ϵתţһϣˮĸתƺȫܽˮ֮УȵʱĪоʣһ͸ˮ
ĪӼʱ΢һ㣬һңмߵɽͬҲ˼ޣû˼Ŀռ䡣
ξָ֮һʱ䣬ȥĪӣһĪӵߣͿĪѾʩչԼСͨӪһƬޱˮˮдССʮУÿһ֮УһƵķ
ɿһĻʱԭĦѡĵ뿪ٹעĪӼ
ĪֶΣֽ׶εûа취ȫѧϰģȥעĪӣԼúٵԼʵ
ɲ׼ٴĪӣĪԼŪĶȴǲСһʱ֮Īǿмһʱ򣬵ǼܲסڲĽȫȻըˡ
ĪΪͬʱڼһʱ֮£ûüһʱ佫䱬ըȫѹƣΧЩˣҲһЩ
֮󣬹һʱ䣬콥ĴһЩϢ˵Īоμ컯֮ϧʧˡ
ȻִĪǰһʱ䣬Ҫܽļ컯֮ķ͸ŽĳĿıܾϢ
ϢֻһʱܿûкˣΪЩϢˣֻĹһ£ûںƲȻЩһ̸ֱ߽Ҳıһλߡ
ʱһĹȥĪӵҵеҲԽԽ˳ˡ
ĪƷСռڣѾǱ⣬ЩѾɵɱɢɫĹâĴڡ
ЩɱȫƯСռڣȻɢ˱⣬Ǳֵһ͸Ļ֣֤Щɱ˴Ӱ졣
ϸĿЩɱ⼸廨ŵʲôУɽ֮ķ߱ȽõĳҲв٣δ඼أӡ顢ƿӡȵȵĶҲӦоС
ϸĻ㻹ᷢЩɱûһƷƷɱµģŵȥúܶ˶ͷ
ΨһЩвǣЩɱû˼ǱֻˣδõǵˣܹʲôԵ¼һ
ĪӵӰƬСռУɫı֣ݿЩģ˿̵ȫעļһ
һöɫӡ£ɢһʱĵϣӡµĵײ¼Ĳ˭֣ǿǳӵķģĪӵնɱʱ֮õöɫĹʵϵķķǳĽӽ
Īר־ļŷ߽Сռ֮ҲûиҴĪӣվĬĬĿš
ѾһʱûнˣĪӣʲôģĪԼΪѾﵽɾ硣
֮ϣŬôʱ䣬ΪҲڴɾ磬ɵɣܹȥʱ䣬ҲǶʮңǲ
ԼɼѾеȽˣΪЩ֮ϵڳϣΪѾˣǵΪɾǻͻɾ磬źܳ·Ҫߡ
˵ͳǣѾôˣĪӵĵ֮ѧôණȻ֪һߣɾ絽ɾ磬Ҫʱܹͻơ
ֻǲ£ֲʲôҪǿеǳԶķչһʱĵʧ
ԭΪԼΪͻɾ磬΢ЩɣڽƬСռУĪһ֮еһ˿ܿƽͻɾϲãҲһӵ˲١
ͻȻ֮ãԼͻɾһĳɾͣĪ˵ʲô
Ҳ˵֮ǰĪȡõĳɾͣЩĪӻص֮ΪƺҲûֹͣ
ɿĪΪǳȴܹÿһοĪӵʱ򣬶ĪӴԼͬĸожĪΪ
ÿһĪӵʱĪӸĸоͻϸ΢ı仯һҲһġ
ûмĴߣȴܴ󵨵в²⣬ĪӣѾվ컯ǰˣ֮Ĵ֮Уûмܹȼ硣


ھŰʮ Ȥ
Ϊɾ磬ʱҲˣҪ˶ãҪԼȥΪףЩ֮УԼѡɣΪ֮ã
Сռ֮УֹͣƵĪӣԼǰ˵
ܸеʱѾȥˣɾҪеһЩְΪмǿķֻҪɾĶ֣ڰȫӦûʲô⡣
лʦԣһͬʱҲ¶Цݡ
ĪƵЩȫƷϵɱȻ˵Ǳ󣬶ҲԼģѷӳЩɱѾǳǿˣֽ׶˵ʵǾ޴ġ
ʵ֮ǰѾЩɱЩˣĪӲҲܲȡĪӵģԸԸĪԼ˵㡣
˿ЩƯգ˸ŸɫɱɲûôԥܿʹѡɱֱһƣԼһѷɽ
ĪӱȽʱƵģȫɽƷɱȫû˼ռġ
ѡɱĿҲǳȷԼʱãΪӰ쵽Լķ
ɱһһҲܹԼʵ
ѡɱ֮ٴĪӱʾ˸лȻ˳Сռ䡣
һ֮յͥĵǲȥ߽磬ؼꡣ
ǰǲսˣɷŵⲢһΣյΪ֮ѣЩûзκεսֻн׺ͺ
ȥأûжΣԣܹʶһЩˣؿһԼļʶ
ӵݵǲ֮ɺܿʰһ£ȻǰĪӸ𣬽ž뿪˵
뿪Īһ߼ԼҵһҡҡͷµһģȻ
Ȼÿ춼רĪƽʱǷĶãͬʱעźܶط֮ǰһϸʰҲûӹ۾
ɽԼĶȫˣڵиԼסֻʣ˿յһƬһЩûбҪߵĶ֮⣬Ҳûʣʲôˡ
ѾԵ˵һ⣬γȥ֮һλҲסڵˣһصԼĵ
֮Ϻ󲻾ãɾѾĪӵΧԼҺһֻһֱûаȥסԺƾܹóˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷĪҲû̫⣬ҵԼĵǸ˵ɣɵԸҲԤ֮ˣûʲôġ
ɵ뿪ûĪӵĵ壬Ϊ뿪֮ûжãͶˡ
ڰݼĪӵʱ򣬿Сռ֮ôɱʱǳһ֮ҲûдĪӣڵ֮ÿԼżʱ򣬲ŻһĪӡ
״̬£ĪɼԼҵһǿɱвϵĵƯСռϣɢһ⡣
ôķĪȴһ㶼ÿ﷦ζԽԽ̺˼ˡ
Īǰ񻰴˵УǿıһλˣԷЩǿı
ĪԼĹУλ˲飬ûֱӷЩǽЩǿıƳһЩ˼ɱ
ַ·ǰ񻰣ĸоĪõĵһȤ
֮⣬ĹУĪҪϵĸÿһУʵĽƣտʼʱķ֮йĦĽƣ׾ܹϳȽϺʵĽƣɶԷļ
ƵķԽԽ࣬ҪЧͬĽƣǾ͵öķһЩˡ
ĪӽԼʶЩƣµϸһ飬Ȼ󾭹ϸĵĽִ˲µĽơ
ڷ֮ϣҲżΪ裬ڴµĽƵĹУĪӽһнɵķģϵĴ飬ϵƳ³£ҵ˵ڶȤ
µĽƲϵıԪ«еݻٶҲԼӿˣĪӷֳһһֱע̣ϸĹ۲һδ޵еݻģһЩƷֶΣ˲С
ȻĪһͼʱ뵽˽ͼٽнһܷӳ󻯡
Ҳǳļ򵥣ǾƼܹͼ˴ϵַķʹãͨͬƷ׵ķ࣬ͼһʩչôչͻ
ԼͼʱĪӾ뵽һ㣬ǵʱڸԭҪΪ̫ͣĪӲûֻԼͼܹķΪۣͼ
ԭԺðУֻΪʱΪֻû㹻ĲʵʩģĪڶʼĳԻΪʵĪõĵȤ
ܶණ뵽͸ˣûʵһ£վǲ֪ЧΣЩ⣬û¼ھĿܡ
ǽԺ֮елΪʵȥʵʩһ£ͻᷢһЩܺԤ֮еЩЩкл
õЩܹľϲֵ֪üھ򣬻ЩҲܹ㷢⣬֪֮ǰԼǵʱ򣬵׺Щ
ϵʵĹУĪӸоԼҲԪ«еĽƣԼԼһ·ѧһС
ЩԭΪԼѾ˼ģһʵ֣ԭŽĿռ䣬Щԭ֮ûģʱͷŷЩҲܲֵϸȥѧϰһֵ˽⡣
ԼḶ́ĪõĵĸȤ
ѾԶˣǰ߼ȻĪӾ컯ˡ
Īھ͸оԼʱ·һһľ˻ȥǾԼ߹ĵطԼһ·ķ⡣
̲ΪκεӰ죬Ϊ·Ѿ߹ģܹﵽĸ߶ֻǻؿһԼҲǵһˣһΪ̶ѡ
ĪڻؿԼһ·ĵ·ʱƵķƺһҲĵۣƳ˼Щڲͬı
⼸ڲͬıƷҲиеͣ͵ֻһʿʹõķѣȴϰٵƣûںϳһ㲻
еĽƣûжƣкܶɢޣƳʮƵķϰٵƵģӹûгֹͲͬһķĪӵĵۡ
ʱĪԼո̤е·ãҲֻʱ
ʱõǷǳ򵥵ľľСʿһ


ھŰʮ ļ챦
ֻǷĶ⣬ĪǰڷżͬЩڲͬıƷɱС
ĪڻعԼһ·ĵ·ʱ˵ۣı
ǼĪΪ֮󣬿ʼո¶ͷǣĽӴнʱ򣬱ŽС΢̬ʱĵġ
׶εĪӣԼűȽϽ̬ȣҲҪȥ˽⣬Ÿ߶ȵ֪ǸʱܹӴĶȴǷǳ޵ģԽӴе֪ʶĪӶϸĵĴĦ
ʱڵһЩص㣬ܹʱ̱ѣҶЧһ
Ľ׶ΣĪѾʼո¶ͷǵʱڴѾԱ֮Ȼͬһ㣬ǸʱƾѾԼ֮
»ָԼ飬׷;Уǰһ󲽣ѾԼҪ׷ĵʲô
ʱڵĵۣĪƳıܹ˸õ֣ʱʱģͻһ˵뵽֮С
ɱȻĪӳ֮Ľ׶ˣΪֹɴ׶֮С
Ī֮·һ׶ΣҲΪĿһ׶Ρ
ԭ׷ĳɣǿ󣬾εɱ䣬ҲΣա
һε֮;Уķ羰Ҳʵģྫ޵ˣҲԸ˼ˣһЩСȴԼԶĨȥӡˡ
ÿһˣ֮·ϵߣǶ׷ĵÿжвͬĴ𰸣ʹǼƵˣͬҲ˵ġ
Ī׶ε۵ɱûʲôǿеɽҲ٣ͽֻѣãȴ½ɾǿߣǴߣеĶ
ɱãֻǼ򵥵ʾƫԼ׷ĵʱɱͻʾֻʾѣȥ
֮ԻЧǺĪӵһκӴйذɣʱ·ƫԼѣĪӲܼʱԼ⣬ʹصԼĵ·
һļķߵɱȫƯĪӵǰÿһԳ֮Ϊ⼸ƽһļֵԶͬļֵ
ĪӿǰƯļĿϸϸδļɨǵһĨЦݣϲϵ
컯֮ԭһǵЦһ̶֮Īӿ³һ仰
ԭĪΪԼѾ컯֮Ӧμļ֮ĪףԼʵһ㣬ûĹؼ
ʵҲܹĪӣΪû򵽹ؼԭο鹬кͽӴһεĹ飬컯֮һѾˣһ֮Уؼ֮صҲ
пܣ컯֮ˣҲûһ㣬ֻǸʱǡᣬûףɹһضѾǵߣȻĳɹˣ컯֮
ĪףҪһ컯֮Ҫʲô
ʵݺ֮ǰѾ׵Ĳ࣬ûʲôҪĵĵطֻҪеɽΪһҪͷܵݣһǾĵۣ׼ȷ˵Լ߹ĵ·
Ա֤ķǼΪϵģһ·ˣմﵽ컯֮ĳ̶ȡ
ͻ컯磬컯棬ôɱ컯֮Ҳ˵ǽһɱ˴֮ĳ̶ȡ
ɱȻûа취ͨôֻмµĵָۣɱɱΪ컯֮Ĵ߻
ЩͷĪ֪ԼҪī컯֮ʧܵĿѾǳСˣ˵Ѿɹһ룬ΪѾīȵ˷ǳʵĻ
ĪûΪĵ;ӶԼһ·ĵۣ뵽Ƶļ֮У˼챦Ƴ컯֮ͨһ㣬īȣɹĿҲܴ
ΪѾڲ֪䣬󲿷ֵĻˣīȸһ·ȫǼ֤ĳɳҺһɳ۵ЧѾˡ
Ʈļ챦Īûнɱһ𣬶ǵĴš
ΪĪӿļеƷͷֵҲһɱ
ļ챦֮Ī̧ͷһƮŵڶɱȻּһʣµĲϣԼʣµĲѾûжˣЩҲƳɱʣµĶʲôöˡ
˼һԼҪһɱٿԼʣµĲϣĪӷֲѾˣǿĲϣܹƳĶԼѾƳɱеĳܻơ
ԣĪӰеĲȫó׼һȻԼεҵʹ˸һ䣬϶ѾùˣռĻҲһʱ䡣
еĲ϶滹ʣһȽɲģʣµĶͨĲϣεĻġ
ĪҲޣֱӽеĶһԼǰһţȻȻǰһȭеĲȫ飬׵һ塣
֮Ī÷ٵһ󣬽ľ¶һΣһСɽ״
һΪʣµĲϵĹϵĪӾƳһ£ЩԼƵɱɱ
£Щɱʵһǳ򵥵飬Ҫһɱ£Щ
ǿǵԼĴ㣬Īӻ׼ƳһɱȵԺԼЩɱͳȥʱ򣬻΢ԵñȽи
ûĪ뵽ĶǷֱ£Ƴôɱ϶Ҫͳȥġ
ãĪӴ֮ĳʵʱΪµĵӽһΣָһµЩӣһΪ
ȵ֮󣬵ʱٰѷֱ˦µЩѡʵɱǸ˳Ҳ¾һĳλ档
Ƴ˷֮󣬽ĽƣĪӸûͣ٣ֱӾͿʼٵļ
֮ǰйͷƳôɱҪδõ⣬һѾ׵ֻҪͿˡ
Īӿٵļ֮£̶ʱ䣬ĪӾ˴µļЩǣֱµļмɽ֮󣬻źܴռ䣬ԸٻЩʱĻԽΪƷɱ
Īʱ׼ʱ䣬˼֮Īֱǰ׳һɸ߷壬ȻǣСռ֮ееɱȫһ⣬û뵽ֱ֮С


ھŰʮ ξ
ѾСķֱ£ĪĿɨһȦѾָСռ䣬û˸ɱɢı⣬Сռ֮еĻڿҪ˳۵Ķࡣ
ֱ£ĪЧȴ΢ЩĪԤϣԭֻǼ򵥵һܹɱı֮ȴеķֱ£ȻԼ˼ˣɺԼЩһ
ֱ£˶ԵеʱҲȫóʹãԳŶֲע⣬ͽֵɱߣһЩֻͨҪ̫Ҳܹͬߡ
ֱĪ̧߳Сռ䣬ԼҵһˣҲӦóȥߣ˳ռһЩϣԺ˵ü
Լôıʵû֮ôѣֻҪȥܶıҲһܳ
ӦԪ֮Ԫ«ʮһĪӶԼʱҪԸ㣬ԼƷڸоˡ
ʱӣܵȥŵ̬Լ󣬽˾֮⣬ûмԼģžԼƷȥˡ
֪ûôѵĻĪӵʱҲöӣֱԼͺá
һЩĪһߵ棬ϤޱƺĪӵĿ˸ߴ˸߸֮е̫
ոߴĪͻȻ֮һ뷨뵽֮ĸȥߡ
֮⣬ĵطĪΪֹûȥһ㣬̫յ¿ٵһ죬ܹʮ졣
ӾŲʮ죬µĽṹ΢һЩ仯²һ죬һ죬Ȼݻļ춼Уֻļ죬ǰտ߳ɵʱеġ
˵ɵ֮Լһ죬ƺһõأԭľĽṹУɵ֮Լһ죬ڤ֮¡
ͷĪһʱҲ£Сռ֮רô꣬ѵóһ£óȥߡ
ҲûккĪӽŲǰһֱӾʧ˵֮С
֮ϣԭǾ֮е̫һ죬̫һ濪٣Ͳͬˣһ죬¿ٵ̫졣
֮ʱͬҪǰ֮ĸ죬ɲǼ򵥵ľܹȥģһֻҪǿ֮вϵķߴܹҪͻһռϡ
ʵҪ˵ѵĻҲرѣһɾϵĸ֣ܹɵȥˣĪӵΪȻܹɵĵ
һϤĿռ任֮УĪ˾֮е̫졣
һĪӷſԼĸ֪̫֮еľﾡ۵ס
һ¿ٵ̫죬һȥһƬ羰ǳĵطȺɽ࣬ҲݸԭٲֱҲϪˮʣдĮɳҲ󣬹֮䣬ӦôڵļӦоС
Īӵһʱע⵽ģǸӦЩƬ֮УѾڵ顣
Ƭ컯ٳأٵ֣λУ֮⣬ڶСиǶδҰޡ
ĪӷſԼĸ֪֮󣬺ܿͱĸַˣϢ˲ڶĪӴЩ̫ѺãЩ˼λ߲ûгֺĪӶ֡
ӦĴԼ˼֮ĪӲûƬ֮мͣһ뿪Ƭأȥ˸߲㡣
ԭ컯濪ٵĵطûκһ壬ԼҲȷûͣɡ
ĪӽҲֻһʱ쿴ûκ¶뷨
̫֮ϣ̫һ棬ٳ̫һ졣
Īӳһ֮󣬵һʱоģһĽ
֮䣬·еĵطһĽ֮һ罣һĸо磬ͬһƬ硣
ƬغЩƣûһĴأͬҲһҲ࣬ģȫĽޣĪӻһλѵϢǾ̫һڵĺ棬Դǿ֮зֿ֮󣬾ҲûϢû뵽ԷȻ
ĪǻŸкģʱһϢ֣ͬһһĪӴ
̫һ죬֮⣬̫ӭ˵ĵĪ·Աɣ
ϢղûͬһĪӣֻǽһĪӵĶߡ
ĪʹԼȥͺк˼
̫һڵĽޣǿҲһˣȻ˼Ҳ̫ӭǾûбҪһ͡
뿪̫һ죬̫죬̫͵濪ٵһ죬Īӵĵһоһ֮С
Ƭصķ羰ĪӼطΪģĪӸоΪ͵ĵطƬ֮Уһְ͵ζ
ĺһڣǼܹᵽ֮䣬һֵĻ㣬̲סͻһ˿ƣУжеķֻҪ·Ĳݵϣԡ⣬Ȼر˫ۣƬص͡
Īӷſ֪֮Ƭ֮Ҳо˲ٵ飬һЩΪܵ͵壬һЩǳº͵ҰޣĪӦ˼塣
ЩƬ֮Уƺ÷ǳʰݣֻƬ̫죬ûжٸ֣ĪֻӦɣҲû뿪ĪҲµһ͵ĸо
ֻ˼ʱĪӾ뿪ǰһ죬̫λУ̫濪ٵ̫졣
ƬأĪӸо̾ЩͬˣƬغʹϺƺһƬͨͨأһоﶼϸ۲죬ͻᷢһƺôͨġ
һлľĪһμĸо֮ɫĪӶ·𿴵Ǻڰ׶ɫѡ
Ƭ֮һǳĺƬأĪӸоƬһһ㣬һһף档
̫УͬһЩ飬ͺˣȫǸ֮У̫֮ĸ֣Ȼ٣ûɾµģ˴֮ҲƺźԵ֣໥֮޷û˻Ƭ֮ж֡
ĪͬҲûܵκ˵ľ̫λٵأ´ǵĵͳĸ֣ʵû̫ĹϵȻûʸˡ
̫λ棬ڸ֮ждУӦĴУȴ߳Щĵ·̫̫֮ͬΪʦ̫û׿ڿڳ֮ǰҲֻӦĴУӶ㲻ϡ
̫֮УĪͣ˴һҵʱ䣬Լ̫֮⣬ϸĹ۲һƬأеԼã֮ẓ̇ǰһ죬̫죡


ھŰʮ ̫׵
̫죬Īڽ뵽֮ľ󣬺֮ǰļЩͬˡ
ǴڵģҲһЩĴڣ֮䣬ɫȷʵǳʣͷ·һţ˿ʲôòôС
Īӷſ֪֮󣬷ʵ࣬һЩľĴڣʵҲǳϡ٣ֲҲǺɢ
ɢķֲȻ޷ǵĻҲӵƬأԵôĻ
Ȼ̫쿴Щϸĸ֪ĻʵﻹǺ˼ģĪܹĿγɣȻκʵת䡣
Ƭռڣ֮ǰ̫ʱһҲŸ֮У̫صĸִڣͨƬصİԼΪ
˴֮䣬Ҳ̫ͬʱһȷ֣֮μ޷
̫ٵ죬Īӿе㣬оͦ˼ʣµ죬ĪҲӵڴˡ
뿪̫֮ĪӰٴγ̫ʼ֮С
ĪӿǰããһƬؾһƬİɫ֮⣬ʲôûУɫҲƶ֮Ķǵɫ
Ƭ̫ʼ죬˿ռʵʵĴڵ֮⣬ûʲôˣ˸о᲻κȤ
һƬ֮УĪӷſԼĸ֪ʵܹоһЩֶֻһ仯Ĺ֮У仯Ḷ́ƺǺߵͷġ
˵һƬأ滹ٲ̫ʼеĸߣҶ֮УٳһЩСռ䣬ΪеĵСռ䶼صĺܺãûƻƬأֿһĵС
ĪӰƯ֮УڸоһֿտУΪռĵӶԵƬظĹ󣬶еԼֻԵøС
С֮УΪƬصİ͵ֻһضԼĸоһַ
ĪϸĸһƺãȻ;ǰһ졣
̫ʼ֮Ǿ̫죬̫ߣʼҲĪڽƬ֮ǰͻȻֳ֮һƬڰеһжûˣͷ·ԼͻȻֵǿ֮УΧĺڰǿջҪ䡣
ܹоģ·һЩ޵֮ĶƬ֮ȫڣеֻ
һƬڰ֮Уһѹ֮Уһ֮Уͬʱڵģؿһڰʱ֣һ˲ĹҲͨ
ƬУĪӱĹâƺҲѽƬΪرĹ򣬾ѾעˣһֱĺڰƬصҪı䡣
Ƭ֮Уͼûмˣڵļ֮ǰһҲ̫֮еĸ֣Ƿ·ѾƬڰأĪΪѾһ൱ߵĳ̶ȣһֵܹǡ
ȻһƬڰΧ·Ҳޣ̫֮УǴĪӸȤĶԼǷ·ŵ
ĪӳԼķ׽ߵЩܿץһƣץס䵽УҲڲϵĻɢʧģȻֻƬ֮Уµĵ
ĪϸĹ۲һ£Ҳǳ˼Щӽڻ֮ȴȫͬĵɢͺȫûйһ޼ѭģһֺܲȶĴڡ
ĪӹҾн̫֮Ȼϸĵоһ֮ǰԼ̫֮һЩջ
̫֮󣬾̫λУһλ̫׵ٵ̫졣
ĸĪȤģʵ̫׵ٵ̫졣
ĪӸտʼ·ʱʶֵɽ̲ģ̫׵ġ׵
ȵΪ΢һЩĪѧ˸Ķ׵˽֮ĪӲͻȻ֮䷢֡
Ѿɵ컯֮У̫׵棬ƺ̫λУΨһڴ֮󣬻ֹĴڡ
֮䴫ˡ׵һ䣬еߣѧϰⱾһġ
ĪЩûж׵ⲿҲĹУṩָͰĪӶеĺܶݣҲид
ĪӺ֪̫죬һ״̬
̫֮ԼʶԼԼѾ뿪̫죬̫죬ĪӲ;Լ̫֮УʶԼѾ̫졣
Īƺʶ֮⣬ʲôоˣԼĴڱ
ҲʶƬطǳʶΧӦĻ棬Ҳ֮˱仯
ĪϣһƬˮɽΧľĳĪϣһƬ󺣣ΧľҲͬǰ仯ĪϣһƬããƺΧҲȻɵת䡣
֮ʶϣģҲͻʲôӣһĶ
ϸӦһΧĪӶ֪һƬأǷܹһƬأΪԼظͬռʱϵĸƺֻһƬرҲֻһڸѡ
ͬڻҲͬõأһִĸǳ档
Ƭ֮УĪӾ޷ӦκεˣǸڣҲԼ״̬£оǵĴڡ
ĪϸϸظԼ״̬󣬴µƬص׼뿪ǰһʱʶľͻȻ֮ͷһЩ仯
ǰ޻ޣ֮УĪĸоԼĴڣһԼǰһλ峤ˡ
˵Ϊʲô峤࣬öԷһλˣǾֻƾоѡ
ǰ֮ˣĪӵһʱע⵽ģǶԷϵĴ磬ȻԷݣĪӾ֪˶Էݡ
̫׵棡
λϵĴŴ磬÷й̫׵࣬ĪӿԷĵһۣڤڤ֮еĸо͸ԼԷ̫׵棬ϵϤĴŴ磬ҲΪĪӵĶִŴȽϤԿĲ
΢һ£ĪӾͿƽԼȻ΢΢һ
Īӣ̫׵棡
̫УͻȻ̫֮֮еһλȻԼãǶԷԼģһĪӺ
Ҫĵģ̫׵ԼĿʲô
վĪǰ̫׵ԣģģĪ֪ЦͬʱĶҲһ
񣬽ռ̫죬컯֮Զˣʶһ棬ճɾ컯ջع
˵仰֮ǰģ̫׵΢΢ĹһȻӰʧˡ
ʶң̫׵ʧ֮Īȴ
ԷĿλ̫棬ƺʶԼӣҶԷ˵ջعʲô˼ǸԼɾ컯ܻصǰǸ
һʱ֮䣬Ī˼ٵתΪͻȻֵ̫׵棬Щˡ


ھŰʮ 컯֮
Ϊ̫׵ֵԵʣʣµһ죬ĪֻȥݲݵĿһۣȻͻصԼĵ
ʣµһ죬ҲһƬǳأźܶγɵɲģĪҲû̫ġ
̫׵ǳͻȻֶݵĽӴĪӵ˼һʱ֮ƽͻȻֶݵĽӴϵԺ֮л룬̫׵ͻȻԼԭŶԷ˵Ǿ仰źɵӴǴΡ
ԼĵУĪָû棬ϸһУܹȷǣ̫׵ǼԼģҲ֪ԼҶԷԼĳƺǵѣ˵ԼͬһΣȻԼܹͻ컯飬ԷǷǳõġ
̫׵һ仰Ī뵽ȴЩиҪ飬˵ĹǷԼԽ֮ǰǸ硣
Ī֮ǰԸʱ֮ʱ뿪磬̤޾֮У޾֮еĻ֮ԼԭĻ֮Щͬ޾գԼĻ磬ҲŲ졣
Լܹⷽ磬Ǿ˵֮һϵģԼҲѵ
ٻԼǰ죬̫֮⣬Īĸ죬ûиоκ컯ϢųΪΪĲ죬ԼоԵʣĿԣЩ컯棬ͲӦĸ֮С
е컯ڳɵ֮󣬾ͼ֮¶ˣڤ֮µҲû¶档
⣬ʼĽֻͣǾ̫λ棬Ϊ컯̫ǿԾܵԼ˴ң֤صİȫ
ĽͣǺܹվסţΪ֮ķ컯ĻѾˣȵ֮ںƽȻûʲôҲúܰȫ
ĪΪһ̶ȵʱ򣬾˼Щɾ컯磬ܹĸ֣ʲôԭ򣬲ǲ֮֡
һп̫λ컯棬ʲôıǿн컯ѺˣӴǴΣĪо̫뷨øǿˣֱڣȻ뷨
̫׵ͻȻ֮ԼĽӴǴģϣԼճɵջعƺһֺԼЩͬ
ֵĲ룬ĪӵвϵԼյϢĪӼ˺ֿܶܣûһֿܹȷġ
ĪָۻĶͻȻͣȻҡҡͷֻеҵ컯磬ҲܹףһеΪˣ
뵽ܣʵൽΣǾֻԼӴˣܹףҪԼȴﵽ컯硣
ĪڵΪ컯ȷѾԶˣҴﵽ컯Ȼûȫ㣬Ҳʱ˶ѡ
뵽ĪȡԼīȣԼ̤֮·ʼһֱԼķϸеɫǳ֣ء
ϻƣѾˣʱΪһ컯֮ˣĪӶеī˵ƺΪеīȣ߱ǻۣҲûν飬֪˵ʲôġ
ʶĪ֪ͨڵеˣԼҪԼīȣ컯֮ĳ̶ȣʱĿ󷨣ͼػʱȥΧС˳ҲСһҲϡ
ʱţ͸˵ԼҪ˴Լ
ڵ֮еˣӵĪӴϢ֮һʱСռУСһߣ˳Īһ棬ȻͰĪӵķԸ뿪˵˵ΧһСյ졣
о뿪ĪӾͿ˵󷨣ȻóԼͼӼһΧԼǹⳤӣԼεػ
ڵΧһĻ˶һۣвɵøĪӽˣΪĪӵһΣΪԼܴţ׼˵ĳ֡
ʱ뿪˵󷨣ͼҲ˳ԿĪӼҪҪԡ
Īһ׼֮󣬻ûǸͥǱ߷ȥϢǣԼҪԽԼķ컯֮ĳ̶ȣغԼĵ;ǿкսԼ鲻ٶˣĴʱעһ¡
ֹغԼɵĴ£еĴ߶⣬ֻҪǰ˵һͲϴĪӡ
̲ͥӵĪӵĴѶ֮һ˿˷֮ɫ
ҲǴĪ֪ĪӶڼ컯֮İ취÷ǳףĿǰûʵĪѾ׼ãҪʵһˣ̲ϣĪܹɹ֤ĪӵķȷģҲм컯֮Ŀˡ
һ˿Īӵף̲ϢݸĴߣߴĪ׼Լķϣĵʱעһǿպս
ߣӵϢ֮ǵķӦͺ̲Щͬˡ
ĪʮǰȥţϣܹӴŻ۵ЩƷױȽϸߵɱΪ컯֮Ĳοʱ˶ûиĪӣִ֮ĪӼ컯֮ʧܵϢʱҥϢʵ
ڣĪҪԼķ컯֮ˣ˵ĪһܹɹһЩߵУһЩӵ˼
ǸеڣǻõĪɹֻ֮еǸʱǲŻĺ֮ǰûиĪӡ
Ϣ룬ĪڣѾ׼ּīˡ
īȻǰ˵ɽʱĪӾѾʶīȣʼΪһˡ
īŵɽ֮ԻżĿռ䣬ҾĪô겻ϵˮںī֮УĿռѾˣ¾㱸ֻǷˡ
Сռ֮УĪīбԼǰȻתϵķī֡
ĪӰķ֮£īҲɢһֺĪӱΪϵĵϣΧĴϣϵðĲľ
Īûߵı仯еľȫעͶ뵽īеĽڣԼķÿһɽȫ׵׵ĽȾ
ȻҲϧķѷԼķˮһ㣬ϵسˢһɽ
Ĺƺûʲôãֻڰװ׵˷ѷѣһʱ֮þ͹˳
ľŵɽĪڷԴԴϵĳˢ֮£ڱЩ̫ȶˣһɽ֮УѾһЩǳϸСƣɽķģмʼɶ
ЩƣɽҪˣĪӵķɽУڵȶĵط˳ŵɽںϳΪһҪˡ


ھŰʮ Ԭ˸
īоŵɽҪںϳһҲŵɽҪάסһƽ⣬Ļīͻˡ
̣ǴӾŵɽɱ컯֮УΪΣյһ̡
ĪУҲܵŵģϧóͼҪ֤û˻ʱԼ
Īϰķĳ֮£ЩѾɶķģܿɶľ͸ˣĪʱ򣬾ͿʼʶİЩɶķģЩĴɽ롣
УǿķҪάסɽܱһ֮ǰܡ
̺ѹҲǷǳҪСĵḶ́ھ֮ǰһʱĪӶһ㣬ǱȽϤģҲúܺá
ֻǱϾһЩģī˵вСӰģīȱɢı⣬ѾЩˣɢĵϣҲòôȶˡ
ĪӲЩķͬˮһ㣬ˢžŵɽøķĿʼɶȻŵɽ֮
ĪӲҪǳСģҪѡԵİģܰѾɶķȫ룬Ļɽпܻٵı
ĪѾѡԵĿʼģɾŵɽǱúܲȶʱ򣬾ҪĪһЩģ֤ŵɾȶҲǼ衣
һЩҪĲ֣ȻҪҪĲ֣һеĿģŵɽܹ˳ںϡ
ĪӲ֪Ĺ̽˶ã֪ʱԲ̣ܶΪһҪʱ;Ĺ
ԴԴϵķĳ£ĪӲϵµķģīеľŵɽڱάŵĹУȻĸı״
ŵɽƺ嶼ľīȵο£Ȼڽֻһµѣܹƣһжųɹķչ
ĪһļīȣīȲ컯֮ɱʱ磬ʱҲһЩ顣
ĪӼ컯֮Լ֮ĪӵˣͻȻһҹǿ֮б˼ʹâһ˲䣬ҹնˡ
˿һĻͬʱһۣΪѾﵽɾǣȻǵո֮ϣԴĶòˡ
ĪռôеݣڵΪȻڵһʱ䣬뵽ʹâ
ȻʱûãϢͳ׵Ĵˣԭǿ֮УӡŲɫǳ֮еƷˣһֱϳǵ壬ҲһЩ˳ˡ
³ֵ壬ѡһ巢˽Һܿȡսǿ֮еķߡ
֮ΪѣɳһЩһԿ壬Ȼʵ𣬿ԺһֵһЩѹ
ѣûйȷߣʱסѹܹרĶԸ壬ɼˣ廹ڽڽڰˣһеԭֻΪһԬڳսϡ
ʱԬЩûпסĺ֣ͷӵ񣬹ô꣬ԬʱܵҲָˣԾ壬ټΪѵ壬ʵѾ㹻Ը֮ˡ
һλ߳սϣȻһеѹܴϣп֮ԿģҲǵһ˶ѡ
ǵ޵ʵȻǿ󣬵Ǿ붥ߣвСĲģĺԬ֮󣬵ҲԬĶ֣ҪͱֶԸԬһĴҲ٣Ͳᣬֻܲϵĺˡ
һʱ󣬻Ϣϴǿ֮к֮սȫڽڽںˣκԬ֣ѾԷˣΣԬȻ컯֮Щնɱ
ڹؼʱ̣һֱΪ̲֣ƾŴ߾ڣȫѷɫڵ޵ʵղű˵޵
̲֮λصߣǱ¶˳ߵʿһ£ǣ̲ɲԬĶ֡
ۿ岻ϱƽһֻܲϵĺˣ̲Ĵ߶֪ƽˡ
ڲϵıƽٶȻرĿ죬ԭֻڹ˼ŵ컯
˵̶ֳȣѾܼˣĻҲע⵽ֻһζĺˣͷβûóյ컯²ʱ޷컯пܻûһºݵġ
֪ˣĪѱչ֮ǰӦýеͼҪھͲ˵ıˣĪӵĵ⣬ϯӦűӱĪӵĵЩεĿ˵
ߣվŵˡ
ϯӦĻҲ֪ʱٵѹܴµĶ߳ߵĴߣ֣˴屳ѵЩߣߵҲӣҲռơ
ӪһʱƣԬл컯֮ǿһ֮£ҲΣա
ϯӦ뿴ܲĪһͼͼ֮ͲڽڰˣһλߣҲܹ취ʱ䶥ס
ɿΣĪǲܵκεĴţӶųˡ
ϯӦҲ̫ӲԼİΣʱ̫ģһĪڹؼʱ̣Ϊǿд룬ŵĪӣĪʧˣͺ׵Ʋȥˡ
عͷϯӦߵʵĪнǣ˽Ӧϵ𣿡
һڳʱչصʱ߶ύߵ˻µĵӣʱ򣬸νӱչ״̬лѣΣĪȴûнˣϯӦѯʣҲֻҡҡͷ
ϯӦ״жʱЩʧڰǰľ·һǵȴĪӱչؽһֱֻӲðŴŵĪӵĴۣȥȡĪеͼ
Ӵ˵ȻǵڶѡӺʣΪ˭Ҳ֪ĪӾʲôʱܱչؽһҪչظʮģɾʹˡ
ĪӱչؿҪˣʱǿдȥŵĪӣϯӦҲǲġ
ĪαչأеĴ߶֪Ϊ˽Լķ컯֮ĳ̶ȣغպɵ˳ɵǿǴ𰡡
пٵ˼һ£ϯӦվȱŴĪӣȴһ£Ŀǰƻûеʱ򣬿ȻһȴĪӳء
ǵȵ˲òĪӵʱϯӦҲûʲô취Ϊ֣´ŵĪӣĪӹܴɣҲֻºٸĪ˵Ǹˡ
֮ϯӦĪӵȺͬʱҲڲϵĹ۲ǰӣԼӦιӵķأĪӵĵС


ھŰʮһ ϣ
ϯӦĪӵĵ⣬һת۾֮ãĪȻû˿ҪصļʱţϯӦҲԽԽżˡ
ĪߵѾ֪ͨĴߣĴ߱žӵĪӳص뷨һֱΪֹҲǿ֧š
Ͼ֮ǰĪǼϣĻǱȽƯģ֮Ϊȥţӣϣ;ĪԼصĺá
ҲһǰǾʱ䲻Ҫϵ̫ʱϵ̫ĻǾĪԼأ¾Ҳ̫
֧ŵʱԽһʧͻԽźΪѵ壬ڿڽڰ˵֮Ҳ˼

̾һϯӦĿ⿴һͷգȻתصǰĪӵĵЩӡ
ȻϣĪܹ˳أԸԳؼ컯֮ڵľԽԽ㣬ƺʱʵǲˡ
ϯӦѾпǣԼҪҪھǿдĪӵĵͼó
뷨Ӽ֮ǰѾˣǵһֱûʵʩΪлһ˿ϣżȻѾȴôãôٶһʱ䣬ҲͲôһʱ䣬ĪӾܹ˳ˣԼڴȥĻ˵Īͷǰˡ
һֱȥƺҲ°ܹ⼸ʱ䣬ѾǾˣĴߣ¶Ѿдߴˡ
⼸£Ϊ˶Īһʱ䣬߿˵Ѿ˲ٵֶΣÿһκսȻѡˣܶһڱеĸоʱұƵ̫
ͬʱҲ߻ϵ嶯ǵ컯֮һ컯֮ȡ⼸ʱ䡣
ôȥۿ޷ùȥˣֻƹشĪˡ
ˣҲվϯӦߣЩᡣ
ĪӵķԸǲñ˴ŵĪӵģΪӣʱҲסҪĪӵˡ
ϯӦôˣ⼸ʱ䣬ԷԵĽѾܹˣȻ֪ϯӦܾͻᴳĪӵĵĪӵıչء
ϯӦʱ䣬Ҳ֪ȷ൱Σգһע⣬ҲǱе³
Ȼżλ컯ڣԲ֮Ҫ屻ˣôò׻ǳ׵İ׷ˣҪָ¾ңңˡ
ΪĪӵĵӣӦϯӦΪ壬ƺֲöҪǣһλߵǰҲסѽ
лھʱΧĿռ䴫ϸ΢ĲȻһӰͳ˵ߡ
ӰɢϢ֪Ҳһλߡ
Ӱһ֣ĿٵɨһĪӵĵȻ̾ͶϯӦ˵
ϯӦѣûʱˣڸϿĪȡͼɣٽˣ̲ǣγŲסˣ
ϯӦλߵĻĿ΢΢һٵĸ֪һ£ȷǿ֮ѾĴս
Ҳֹǿգʹϣ˿Ҳ˴սһΪֹǿʮλ߳սϣѾ˿ռ䣬Ҫһش塣
Ӧһ㣬ϯӦҲҵˣλߵͷȻϵϢųӿ˴Ƭ׼Īӵĵˡ
վһԵȻһȻվԭһҲܶ
ֶ˵ĿȽͣڿƵͬʱҲһֱֹϯӦĪӵʱʩչһЩǿֶΣܻᲨǡ
ϯӦӿĲ£ĪӵĵӿȥͬһɫĴӣҪǰûһ㡣
߸ոսӴӿ԰ŵӣ޷ûֻ֮ϣһɫѡ
ϯӦӰ·֮УͼַʽֱӿӣĪӵĵ
ȻӵʱԭʵӣͻȻ֮ͱӿŵˮֱ˶һεξӨ͸ˮ𣬿ֱӻһ񱩵ǳ֮ͬһɫĹһ㣬ֱϮ
ĹϯӦûѡˣѡֱӲȥ
ΧʱΪʵϣˮϮĿǳ֮ͨͨ£ǿЩǿǰȥ֮Ҳûֱû
ϯӦúԼֻҪӵػȻ󹥻ĪӵĵӦþܹĪӡ
Īӵõػ󷨣رǿ֣Լȫ֮£Ӧþܹ󷨣Īӻѡ
ϯӦ뷨ǳãǵӵĹϵǰɵʱȴԼʼ֮УǰĪӵĵҲʼӵػ֮ڣƺȫû
ôιϯӦоԼôȥͿҪˮûˡ
һһλߣҲϯӦڵŻ֮вǰеϯӦλ߾ȵķ֣ԼЩ͸ӵסһλߵġ
ѵĪӵΪЩô죬ֶѾ˸𣿡ͷλҲҾһ߿ˣ֣׼ϯӦһѡ
ûиֱ̤ӵķΧֻվԭأָΪָǰһ㣬ָ֮Уɳһɫĳϵǰȥ
ɫĳڽ뵽ӵķΧ֮ǰһΪһϯӦȥһĪӵĵ졣
ܿ죬λߵɫͱøˣΪֶΣƺҲ޷ͻӵɫĳ֮вϵ죬Ѿ쳤˲֪Զʼȴ޷ͷϯӦǵĪӵĵȫ
£λֱȡԼɱһͺܹӵĳǰͻӳһ
滮ռ䣬ֱڿռ֮һƽпڣǰӣ·пһ֡
ϯӦѣʱ䲻࣬Ҫˣȵɹ˴˴ΣѣҶԸĪڻӳһ֮λ߶ϯӦǱߺһ
˿еϯӦԷֻԷĶϯӦ֪Լû̫ʱԵ󣬱ҪĪӣֻܶˡ
ΧһɢķΧˣϯӦͬʱһУ֮Уɫת۳Ϲ⣬һɳȵϢ
Īѣˣ
Ϲ⣬ϯӦһ·ӣþӨ͸ˮ˲ȾһɫһţϯӦֱӾĪӵĵȥ
ϹֵͬʱϯӦΧȻ֮۳һʵһ㣬ϵĪӵ졣
ΧĿռ䣬죬ѹķ·һ㣬Ȼһ𣬲ôȷЩЧϯӦĽӽһЩĪӵĵ


ھŰʮ £
ۿԼĪӵĵ֮䣬ˣϯӦв΢İһ˿ĪӵĵȴôãȻ֪Īͼ
Ѿ˹ؼʱ̣ԼòĪӣҪʱԼ޷ڶʱڽӽĪӵĵĪӻѣЩѰˡ
ԼʱĹ۲첢ûа׷ѣ֮ǰ֮УܹƳӷֶΣȻҲЩõģΨһԤϵЩģĪΪٶ֮죬ȷǳԼԤϡ
ĪӵĵѾӽˣϯӦΧȴøŨˣԽӽĪӵĵϯӦ͸оǰԽԼھͺڼѹأԽǵ˺棬ͻԽ
ҲûʲôϵԼڣѾӽĪӵĵͱȽˡ
ǰĵϯӦߵȻ֮۳һţͬһ޴ɫѩһ㣬ǰĹȥ
տʼʱٶȲô죬Ҳ̫󣬿һʱУ޴ɫţͱԽԽٶҲԽԽ죬ֳһѹռ̬
Զλ߿һĻҲɵһھƶ൱Ҳû̫ʱ䵢ˣøϿĪӣסǰľƲУôܱ
͵ϯӦһλ߾ãβܹĪӲȻӱչص״̬гʱ򣬿ǰȥɫţڼﵽĪӵʱͻȻ֮ʧˣȻ֮УͬǹĹâҫϯӦԼλãȻ˻ص˸սӵĵط
ǸղʧɫţѾСˣͳϯӦߡ
⣿
ͻȻϯӦλɫٱ䣬û뵽ۿҪɹʱ򣬾Ȼᷢ飬ϯӦȽҲûо̫١
ĪӣԽԽˣǵʱ䲻ˣҶ˹֣ͬ취ʱסӣ󷨣ҪĪѸϿϯӦתͷĶߵĴ˵ҪڶʱڻѽĪӱչ֮нгֻһͬˡ
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ߵλ֣صĵͷĿģǴߴϯӦĽĪӽгҪĻҲǻһֵͬģھǺܱҪʱ
ٴζ֣׼ĪӴӱչص״̬гʱʱǿ֮УսϣĴȴѾ൱ˡ
컯ƣȷʱ޷ˣ˵Ļˣһ
Ԭϴһ͸оܼٵЦݣɢһبŲĵϣڴߵĿֲϢǰ̲͵Це˵
̲͵ˣʱһأͬʱϵϢҲ΢Щҡ
ԷߵڸղźͶԷһ֮У˺ҲֻܹǿмܶѣοһκͶԷ֮ϵ˻ûȫָһȫǴ˳ս״̬ѡ
ԬĻҲûп˵ʲôʱһԶѾסˣٿҪԷҲûʲôܵġ
ⳡսʼ֮ǰΧĿռ䶼Ѿˣ˵ⳡսԷȷǴҪش壬ʱܹҿʲôƣ岻òˣ򣬽Ļټߡ
̲͵ֻϣϯӦǱ߶ܹһ㣬õͼȻϽǰΣ֡
̲͵˶û˵ԬϵЦøӲˣЦ˫۶һ
̧Լ˫ȭȭͷһһ£ΧĿռ侹Ȼͬˮһһ¡
һܺõϢ컯ʱ޷ãôᣬҾòҪһˣҪǶµĻǾ͸ˣԬٴο˵һ䣬ıȻһֻ޵Ӱ
بŲĵ֮УһĵĿϢڶ͸¶˳˫ȭȻͬʱǰӳ˵޺̲ˡ
˫ȭһɲǣԬֱֻ۾ȫʧУٴγֵʱȫԽ˿ռľ룬˫ȭ˵ǰ
޺̲ӦҲǳѸ٣ڹٽĵһʱ䣬ͬʱѡ˶ҽз
Ԭյν֣ȻǶԷĶ֣ǶڶԷսҲѾϤˣͶԷսʱһԷ֣Ǿͻһ籩һĹ׾ͻ뵽ԷĽУȻƣӦ
ԺͶԷ֣ҪܵĹŲȫ뵽ԷĽУɾھܵҪҲѴ϶ԷĽ࣬ΪԷķ̫ǿˣַ·ܹبŲĵϣ˵һˡ
Ҳڵ޺̲˺ʱסԷĹ̲Ϊ˵һ˿ܹѶԿ
̲ڶܵͬʱѾŵɽͭǮһķϵĻԬϣ˱ĳ˼ǣƺûʲôá
޵ƻĳǿɱƺһЩãܹƿԬǿÿһɵˣȴ΢ģǹոսԷ˾Ѿָˡ
Ԭ˵Ĺȫںֻһζ˻ȭĹֶһôɵ㶵Ĳϻȭ
Ϊһλߣֶֺֹˣ֪ٴǰӳ˫ȭʱԬǵЦݣһ˿թ
һȭӳ̲͵˻ҪܵʱͻȻ֮оԼƺ޿ɶˣһȭԷǳĹ졣
һ̣˽ֵһƬǿգռȻ֮鿪ֳ׷飬ռе̲͵ˣڿռһɲǣоĹڿռһɲǱ
ԬղŴй̺ÿһζǶ㿪ˣʵÿһιûգ̺ΧĿռ֮ڣȴų׵ı׵ıʱ򣬼̲͵ޣҲѳס
ǿֲһ˲ǵϣ̲͵޼ڵһʱʩչԼеķֶΣȻЩԵֿ
Яķֲ֮£ֱӾͱ׵Ĵݻˣɷ֮ͨķֶΣҲ˲飬ȻͬʱòƣԪҲͬʱش
һ׵ɢ޺̲Ȼû䣬Ե״̬˼㡣
֮ǰ˵ĵޣڴӶˣϢ˥һأȻڻָû˶ս֮
֮£̲״̬ҪһЩȻͬˣ̫أϢȻҲͬЩ˥սȴһЩ
ŶԬ̲Ѿ˹ȵףԷղһ֮£͵޻ѾǰˣȻԼһƴ֮ɼǻȥҲŶԷͬھֻܹöԷһЩ˶ѡ
λʵǷһ֮£Ȼû䣬ûϵҾͶλѹᣬλģȥǲįģΪĵѣǻһ·ģԬ޸ˣϵЦݷǳΣգһ˵ţһٴ̧֡


ھŰʮ ն
ĪӲ֪ԼīѾˣ֪ԼȥʱԲ̣ΪķڼīȵĹУҲо˲Сѹ
īеľŵɽԴԴϵķĳˢ£״Ѿȫıˣŵɽúīȱһģһͷ·ΪĻ꣬ҪΪһ塣
ھŵɽ֮䣬ѾһĪΪһǺķ˺ܴĹ
ڣĪӾɹѾԶˣҲͬоͼԼԼӱչص״̬֮оѡ
Īӿ뵽ǳʲôµĻ֮вԼԼɹǰܹʱͣ
ûͼ뷨Ī׼Ĳ֣Ҳ˶ʱˣ׶ֻҪ˳ĻڶԷ֮ǰһӦþܹԼٶҲٿһ㡣
뵽Īڰķӿī֮УѾΪһľŵɽʼͷںϡ
ŵɽΪһ壬ΪһµĽƣѾֻһ֮ңˣһ֮ңĪ׼ͷںϵʱͬʱһ
Īӵǿ֮£״Ѿīһ޶ɽʼ뵽֮У̷ǳ˳ͬˮ뵽֮һ㣬׵ľ˽ȥ
ʱںϲǺȶĪûгɹ
ӿķȻڲƳɱӿ뵽īУͬһƵһ㣬īÿһˢ
ֻһεĳˢ֮УһЩϸСķģŷϸСķȴ˽֮У䵽˾ŵɽЩȱĵط
Щĵ䣬Ҳþŵɽͷ֮䣬ںϱøӽˣͬʱҲŵɽøʼһɱ䡣
бĪǰīȣ˿̱ͻȻ両ֳһķģģǳǿĵϣҲǰδеǿңҲϵĴīɢȥɢ֮С
īϵķģʼϵתڵɢȥ֮󣬾ͷ·ͻȻ֮乵ͨĳЩ֮УֵϽˣ֮ĹҲԵЩ
ˮľ֮ع֮еԻԼٵĴع֮еԻһЩĹԻʱȫˡ
ĪͻȻоīȾȻõһķЩǸεĴ
һ˲䣬ĪӿһЩֻһſԷֱʲô״ѣĪȴ֪Щﵽʲô
ͬʱ䳤һһԻʵ֮䣬һ㲻ᱻ˴
ڵīȣȴЩԻЩģĶīµĽƵĳͣȻҲһЩ仯
ģĴֻ΢һЩ仯ȻȻһγĪӷǳϤһ
һƬޱˮһòڲϵڴĹ֮УϵҶϵ䣬ֲµҶ·ĲϽֻء
ƬĪӸоԼڵķĵٶֱ࣬ڼīȣʼڵķĪӶоάЩ
֮£ĪӲϲΪīʼķʹµĽƣϾҪˣԼҲϾҪɹˡ
⣬ΧסˣеĵϵĻ۹ȥ·ҪĪӵûһ㡣
ϯӦѾ׼ҪóȫʵһٽʱסڶԣΪѾûʱķˡ
һĨᶨ֮ɫϯӦһԵĴٴεһͷȻ˫ͬʱ̧Ȼ֮һѹ
ѾŲԶˣͬʱоһϣͺһ˲䱻߬סһ㣬ûа취
һֵֻ̣ķΧУռ䷢һǳ֮ȻΧĿռͬľƬһ㣬׵Χ鿪
һ¹һԵλҲɵһĨ֮̾ɫϯӦεֶΣȷǷͬһ㣬޷ϯӦġ
һ֮£Īӵӣһ˲·ѹȥڵλöˣĪӵĵĻζţȻƾһѾĪӵĵ
ȻЩ̾ϯӦʵλȴûˣԼڵӦøʲôϯӦӪᣬеĹӳԥľĪӵĵնȥ
Īӵĵƺûκεı仯һ֮Īӵػ󷨣˲仯һƬ㣬ʧˣĪӵĵһ֮󣬱г롣
һĻϯӦλжһ
ĪӵĵôãĪӱչص״̬޷ѣߣδҲ̫һЩҪǣѾûʲôʱˡ
Īӵĵķڱˣг룬ĪҲܲܵš
űһնĵϯӦ뿪ڵĪѣԵֵ³òǰŵѱչأѽͼһãԵѵð֮ȽǰΣ֮Ϊ
ϯӦһ˵꣬վһλߣĿҲĪӵĵȻ󿪿˵Īѣ˴δŵȷǲòΪԵѵð֮Ҳ£ºҲһͬҾֲܵĪѣ
˻˵֮󣬷ĪӵĵƺȻûʲôǱгĵУһַǳĸо
һۣϯӦ룬׼ŵȥʱѾгĵͻȻһɫĹâ
ʱâǳܿâͱ÷ǳǿˣҿʼŵɢٶȻԽԽ졣
ϯӦλվԭأ˶ʩչ˷ֶΣԷֹɢĹâʲôֶΡ
ǴĪӵıչأпӰ쵽Īӵĵ;ʱĪлһ˷ҲǿģΪͬǵϣһѽܡ
ɫĹâߵʱϵķֶΣȴûʲôãΪâɢʲôֶΡ
һ˲䣬оԼ·һƬޱˮ֮УƬޱˮƺĳִԻ̺޾
ǰĪӵĵУǷ·𿴵һڵ֮вϵͬʱôϣڲϵݻٵĴ
һ棬һ˲䣬ҲеƺҲã־ƺһֻãôеġ
ƺǹһ˲䣬ƺ˺ܾãɫĹâðֱʧˣĻ棬Ҳͬʧˡ
ûе˷Ӧһڴʱ˵ĶУȻǲѣǾº˵ɣⱻгĵѵȷҪҸ
ϯӦожһеĿģĪҪͼ


ھŰʮ 컯֮
еͼϯӦһɣҪĶõˣͿԽ֮Σ
ĿٴĪӵĵŲûĪӣϯӦһĨǸ⣬ԭ˵Щʲôڿ֮ȴֻ³֡
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˵֮ϯӦԵλߣһʧˡ
ϯӦԭļƻУĪӳ֮ĪҲǷͼϾڶĴߣս֮ϣʣµĴ߲࣬õͼ֮ҪʹãҲҪֵġ
Īӱչرŵ֪ûˣͱŰĪһȥˡ
뿪֮ǰϯӦﻹһʣǾǲĴŵĪӵıչأ
һ̣ɫĹâɢʱȻЩ򵥣ϯӦҲڲ²⣬˵Īʵһ̳ɹˡ
ϯӦҲûʱ֤⣬ĵ֮ǸϿҪͼ
ȵϯӦλ뿪֮ʱֹ˺һӣԶ˻ص˵ΧűгĵĪӻûг֣вɵ΢Щġ
ʱ򣬵Χӣ»ͼ뵽˵֮С
ǰʧҲ֪Īӹûʲô󰭣Ǿ˵
˵ʱ򣬺ܿͿгĵϣĪӵĽŲոմСռ֮˳лַ˱仯īȡ
Ŀ⣬䵽ĪϣϢȣĪӣ˵ж¶˾ϲ֮ɫ
īȻڣζĪѾɹˣûܵϯӦλߵĴţ˵˴ͷĪΪؼļ
ϲʦʦ컯֮
һ𣬶Īӵķһ
ϴһĨЦݣĪ˵˵ͷ
ԼīȣԭӦ޾յģǳ˳ľܹɹмȴ˴ţϯӦǵĶٿһЩĪӻʧܵĿԡ
оգ֮ܵǰĪ˳īȵļ
ѾΪ컯֮īȣƺָֻīȼ֮ģͨɫͬһ㣬ûκζĲ֣ĪӸտʼīȵʱһ
ͬǣʱīȣѾһ컯֮ˣȫͬҲĵָʼģ
һֱīȿĻͻãīȵԽԽܹͨпĶ֮ĵϡ
ĪīȣڵķʱڷתţָΪīȣԼեɵַġ
˵ĻĪڵģҪȫĻָûһβ̵ʱ䣬иָıĻʱܹһЩ
Īоָܹˮȴûʹõ˼Ϊָٶһ㶼
Լһ컯֮ĪӵԪ«Уֵһµַ֮£ĪΪڽķȻҲָĺܿ졣
ĪվҲɵԼķָ۲֮
ܿ죬ĪӾЩϯӦλߣΪʲôһҪԼӱչ֮лˣΪڵľƣ˵ȷѾˡ
ĪĿͶؼսʱһ֮Ҳĵǿ֮б͹â̫̫Ŵǣâֱ΢ˡ
ԴĪӵΪͻƵ߾֮󣬽ɾǿߵ䣬ܹԵĸоȴѾ֮ˣֻдߵ䣬Ż
ڣһλˣλߣһġ
սǿ֮սղλĵص㣬ҲǿеսռѾεطˣĪĿ⴩͸Ҳ̫ס
ĪҲܹµսΪģҲڻдˡ
ȻڵķûлָʱĪȴţԼҪҪǰǿ֮Уȥ֧Ԯһĸλߡ
ʵԸλԬѾ˿ˣķûлָǰȥĻ޷ս
ţĪͻȻ֮оһ컯Ѿٵǿսʱͷ
ϯӦԼߵͼѾˣȻͼѾˣԼʱûбҪˣԼһʱָΪҪԼĻԼʵŤתһˡ
ǿ֮սǹ컯Ŀֲ֮ʱԭǿմռķ컯ǿдˡ
ѾԬ£оϾҪֲס̲Ӧ컯٣жʱһ־֮С
ڣõˣ
ֹ̲ͣԬһ̣оѹһӾһ룬Լϣסˡ
ղźԬսУԣӦ˵Ԭһ͹֮Уĵޣͱûʲô֮ˣԱǳļѣҪӦԬĹ
̲ڸղŵս֮УԼЩĵǮϧɱĵĻ˿ˡ
Ǵڣ̲ϵĵǮѾʣ޼ˣۿҪסԬĹˣת
Ѿ˵̲һЩЦݣѾֵͣԬ˵
ԬѣҪȥ컯֮Ĺǣƣû컯֣֮Ƕߣ컯Ҳѵֵɣ
ϯӦǱڵõͼӳ컯̲ʱģʵ֣ͣϯӦ컯ǿнԬɱ
Լ͵ޱԷôңѾֶξˣıԵںò컯ܹǰ£ȻܷŹԷˡ
ĿǰԼ͵ޣѾû˻֮ԷǶߣ컯浱ȻסҪ֮ģܹ쵽ģûԼ͵޵ǣƣʵûа취նɱԷ
һʱ嶯ǿҪôĻԿģܻԼ͵ޡ
̲Ϊ뵽ЩԲŴʱ֣ͣȵԼ״ָ̬֮ѰҺʵĻᡣ
Ԭ̲Ļ̧ͷһǿոߴϵЦȴͻȻøŨˡ
Ϊ컯ˣ͵þ𣿽ѾλѣҪͶλ·ˣܹʳԣ
Ԭ仰˵꣬ǿոߴһѪĹâ֣һ컯ײһǿ֮ƿһ޴ĿնͬʱҲͬʱ
⣬壡
ϤѪɫâ̲ĿһɫҲΪ֮䡣
ѪɫĹâ컯֮˵컯֮ڱĹǣţʱӦûܹðͷӳ˹컯ܹ֮ãǾֻ˵Ǳ߳⡣


ھŰʮ ˼
ڣλѾãһбҪͣ𣿡Ԭ¶һݵ̲ɴЦ˵ֻЦ͸¶ģȴһַǳζĸо
ĴߣӵõϣϣḶ́Ԭͦ˼ͺñ壬ץ֮󣬲ԼȻúõŪһȵﳹ׵Ľƣʱ򣬲Żһڽ̵
̲˾ھͲൽӦýɱʱˡ
̲͵ҲһʱѾ˵ʧȥԱ֮ĵޣͻȻ̲֮
ռķѾƳˣĻᣬϽߣҶ֮УܻͻƳΪߣһʧܴ㲻
ʱѾĴ־ˣΪΪǵһǾʱ赲Ԭû̲ſ޶ȵļʧ
ѾΪشֻ취¸պصĿܡ
Լ̲ͻƶߵĿܾԻ󣬱̲Ҳ
̲޵Ĵϵı鲻ɫȴɵһͬʱһֱС
һĻʱֹһ巢Ƕ£徭һδεܵĻʵ
̲ԭΪ飬ǿ֮󣬾ͻٷˣû뵽ˡ
̲ڵȻ뿪Ǿͺ͵˵һ̲Ҳ֪Լ뿪ȷԶԣѡ
ɻûежΧĿռ䣬ͻȻֱ֮÷һȸղŸǿĿռٴνΪ컯٣ƵĿռ·ա
Ϊ˱ĸλͻȻߣ˶׼ǧĿѸǹ׳һֻռͫڿռ֮󣬾ͻ½ռգ֤ĸλ޷뿪Ԭ˫ȭ֮ϣŽȼյĻһ㣬ȭͷҲϵȼš
λѾòˣھλ·ɣ̧Լ˫ȭҫ۵ĽɫâԬɢ̫ĹԶڱˡ
بŲĵϣñǵ֮Уֻʣĵϡ
̲͵޸ӦΧĽ⣬֪һǸ޿ɱܣҲ޷ס
ͬʱһֱע֮սĪӣҲǿսı仯
Ƭ̵Ŀռں̵ܶʱ֮УȻ»ָˣҿռøǿˡ
ϯӦߵͼӵȻǼ컯֮һ𣬸ûа취Ч֧Ԯǿս
ǱҲڱսҲȽ֣ǵ컯֮飬ȴûжá
ڵķȻڻָ֮УĪҲ֪ʱǿ֮ĴѾ൱ˣҪԼ֧Ԯʱˡ
˲ڻڼָķĪӾͿʼתע뵽īС
ĪӵĴ߶£ī֮ϣɫĹâͬʱһޱĵϣķΧɢ
еˣȫעĿضīȣЩƲ˫ۡ
еīȣĪӽ̧֮һ㣬īȵĶˣһɫĹâֱӶգɵǿս֮ϡ
ɢ貵Ľ⣬׼һȭ֮£ǰߴԬ˿ȭͷѾӳˡ
ڳȭɲǣͬһĽ⣬˫ȭ֮ϵֳһִݻһе̬
بŲĵϣֳһȫ෴ĸоͬȼŵĻһĽɫ·ĨɱһнôڵĶеú㣬Լʱ丯֮ȫһ˲Ĵڣ֮ΧĿռ·Ҳһȭ֮£׵ɱˡ
Ӧһȭ̲͵޶֪ʱһԸվҲ޷ȫֹεĹΪһȭʵ̫ǿˡ
һñһ˲ζҲӳϵĴߣֻܴһ˲ĭһ㣬ٵʧ
ۼѾҪϵʱͻȻ֮䣬һɫĹâǿյĸߴ׹䣬ǿйᴩ˿ռķǧһ֮ʣ䵽˵ǰǼϵǿеĺɢˡ
һ˲ı仯Щ˵ϣ̲ޣԬû뵽ʱ򣬻ͻȻ֮
컯˭
ԬȷӦͷǿյĸߴοٵĺˣͬʱһԭЦݵӣϵЦѾһ˿ʣȡ֮ء
Ϊ˽һգѾƻһʱˣдڵ⣬ܹǵѾǵˣΨһ޷ǵģǼλ컯ǿߡ
컯ǿҪ壬ԬʼʱҲڵģԼֵʱ򣬻᲻컯̲ס֡
ֻǣȴΪһЩԭˣ֪㶯֣һ컯Ҳû̫Ŀܻ֡
ڣڼǵ£Ȼ컯ˣ뵽ļλ컯ϡ
Ԭĸλ컯棬̲͵ߣȴôġ
ӸղŽٵǵɫĹâ֮УԸоһЩϤĵϣǺĪӽӴȽ϶̲ȷֵϣĪӵġ
ѵĪѼ컯֮ĳɹˣ
̲вɵô֪Լ뷨ʮа˾žʵҲɵôϲ϶¶һĨЦݡ
Īӳɹļһ컯֮Ӱʵ̫ˡ
һ컯֮ٵΣѣȻӭжˣңĪӵĳɹζĪӵķȷǿеģͬ˽ַԼԺ˵Ҳܹ컯֮
뵽Щ̲ܹϲã
̲һҲŲµˣĪӺпܳɹ컯֮Ȼһֵø˵飬һ뵽֮ǰĪԵŸţҪܽļ컯֮ķţӴղصɱĻᣬȴžܾˣʱһ˿ڵĸо
ԬŶ¶Цݵ̲ˣԺ⼸λ컯棬ǣһλ컯棬ƺеһλ͸ղǵɫĹâЩԲϡ
ԬԼ֮ǰռϢܹ֮컯ƺһ󷨣컯֮뵽һܡ
᲻ǱߣµĿԷӳ컯󷨣
뵽һ㣬ԬãƺһԱȽϴĽͣһӾͷ˴롣
֮ǰյϢҪƾ󷨵ӳ컯һ򵥵飬Ҫҵٵĸ֣ܹ߶󷨡
µܹӳ컯󷨣ôʹкܴƣпܣղһܹҲò˼ΣĻԼлܹնɱߡ


ھŰʮ չ
뵽Լлᣬܹնɱλϣͻƶߵĸ֣ԬͲԥٴη
ΪߣʵӹɵģĳԬҲǳǾԼı
Լ֮ƾ֮䶥Ĵڣܹϳģֻܾйب
ǽķƣҪ׵ɱҲһѵ飬بŲĵϣ˵һˣ컯ԬҲĲᱻɱ
ڶԼı㹻ŵǰ£ԬȻԸٳնɱλĴߣ˳̽һ¸ղŵǵ컯ĹǴӺδģǷԼһ
뷨Ԭҽ΢΢ĺ벿ͬʱֻȭҲҲ΢΢Ĳ¶׵Ķ
ȭͷսһ̣˵ϣȻ֮ӿֳһֲֿƣ·ϻۣۿǷǳֲһ
ֻһʱ䣬ԬһȭȻ֮ǰڳȭһɲǣһٶȷǳЩƽƽ棬ʲôʵĵط̲͵ޣȴٴθоһΣա
ԬٶȻһȭһ˿ܵ˼ΪǸûпԶ㿪ȫʢʱڣҲֻѡӲ
һȭҪ˵ʱ򣬸ղǵɫĹâٴδǿ֮ϴ䣬һεĿ꣬ȫԬˡ
컯ĿֲԬߣҲоԵֿǿһȭǵɫĹâ֮£ȫѹˣˣֲֿǿķҲͱˡ
Ԭǿ֮б˳ȥղųȭ֣Ѿ컯ˡ
ԼϵֱۣԬ̧ͷǿոߴͻȻ¶ЦݣֻһεЦݣ΢ԵЩ
ȻˣѽɱҰ
Ȼ֮䣬ǿշһȫƸղŷˡ
һ֮ԬҲѸٵķ˱仯λһֻޣָԼı塣
ı壬һֻƽͶɵľԳ˵һоǿҿ񱩣һ˵ơ
𣡡
ָԼı֮ԬȻ֮䷢һǿ֮жݳȥ˺Զǿеܹ
ղűϵ֣Ҳָ˱֮ѸٵĻָ
ʱһɱԬʱҪǿϢͻȻƬǿ֡
Ȼôϣҳôˣǧߣ
һƽԬĶУ˾ͿһӰسǿյĸߴ
ɫĹâһȣɢɫĹ⣬̾뵽˸ղɫĹâ
㣡
ǿеĪӣѾԳԬͻȻ֮еЩû뵽˿̳ǰˣȻĪӡ
ĪӵӡͦģϾһڴ֮УҲǽֵģֻʱĪӣΪŴﵽ߾ڣںֵʱȫǱѹֻ֧ܿš
ĪӣɢϢƺҪǿһЩŵǸȣղܵԴͷ
ŶòѹߣΪȻҲﵽ˶ߵĲΣоȻֶһ컯֮컯֮пǵֵʱһԬһ˿ʵУЩɣԼһ̿ģ᲻ĳĻ
Īû룬īȣĪֱӽ𣬶ŴʱԬֱӾȥ
īȸոճΪ컯֮ʱչܵʱһλߣҲһǳõչʾ
ɫâīȣǿ֮лһĹ켣ʱͿռ·һˣһеعҲһ̵Ȼ޴棬˵Уֻʣ˲µīȣԼīҪľԳ
Լµ컯֮ԬﻹаֵĴ⣬̽˫۽ͬʱȫ£ɢ˸ҫ۵ĹâһɫĻ֣ԼεıС
بŲĵϣȫתĵ֮£·֮УԶḯһ㡣
ȻبŲĵϣīµһ̣ȴԵĴȫīǿƵĴƣɫĹһ˲ͱˣīȼԬϣ䵽ļ򴦣ӴȻȥһء
Ҳͨ£޷ǿ֮дһ£һᴫ
Ԭڳһֱ֮ӱ·ǿգĪʱû˿ԥеīֶµӰ˹ȥ
һڴУѾʶԬıʱĪӾûλ߸ɵϧʱһЩԷһһΣĪӿɲϣٸԷĻᣬܹӵ
īַɳһɲǣԬ͸оΣգҪһۣȻϿʱȴīȷɳһ̣ռ侹Ȼֱ·ˡ
һηռģȻһˣǸոյĪӡ
ԬоԼıһʹţһĵѾڣƻָһӰʵ
ԬͼʱЩʲôޱȷḻսʱҪЩ飬ıڶԼľ棬Σա
ʵֻҪܹڳõǼ컯֮ôĪ֮սھͲѹŴˣԬҪ취ԼֱѹŴľ档
ǿԼܵˣԬѾоĪӿԼĸǰīȣƺһԼϮ
ûٶԥԬֱѡݵķʽڱѹŴľ档
ϽɫĹâһ˲ʢԭѾǳӴһ̣ȻȻһȦ
Ȼ貵Ľ⣬Ԭ壬ͻȻ֮䱬ˣͬһŽɫ̫һ㣬һƬǿա
Īԭ嵽˶ԷǰӰ屬һ˲ѡ˺ˣͬʱҲԼеķֶΡ
ľԪķû˶Ч˲ͱǿˣСͨķЧȻǿˣСͨķ֮ټĪӱķԪ«īǵֵסʣµĹ
̲͵Ҳֵһ¹
ԬͻȻ֮ԱŸոսԪ«ͳĪӵͷһεԪ«г֣ǿ֮гԬ֮⣬еĶûյӰ죬ֻԬѾ壬ûκηֱ֮ӱ뵽˺«֮С
ڱԪ«еһ̣ĪӻԬǿͷ­֮ϲʵ飬ƺԼ³൱Ĳޡ
ĪԪ«ȻиԬ˵һǸ
ܻԬཻһӣڵķûȫָڸղŵս֮УľѾСˣԱսپû̫ʱͶԷġ


ھŰʮ ǧĿ
ĪӽΪߵԬ뵽ϵĺ«ڣԶ̲͵ˣһ˿ʵС
ղŶ˵ǸевĶ֣ھĪӽˣ̷ǳĿ죬ĪֳҲȫѹ̬
߼Ϊһ컯֮Ǹصĺ«ڵĪӣνǾǿơ
̲͵ҲǵһοĪе«ˣһʱ֮նɱ֮ǰͬҲ«֮УϸղĪӵĺ«չֳܣƺ컯֮Ҳû˿ѷɫ
ĪĹУǸصĺ«ƺһֱϣüιؼʱ̣ĪӶеĺ«֣ҵʱ֮ҲΪ«εĶĪӳ֣Щʵ˵Īӵĺ«Ӧһѷɫ컯֮ı
ĪʱûˣΪȻˣڶѾˣζѾˡ
ĪҪĴߣԼĶ֣ʱ򣬻λ߲䡣
ĿͶǿ֮иĪӿ˺üСռ䣬żҵĽ֣ȱĪӹעģڽֵľǧĿ
ڽֵڶУʱûرΣģĪӾʱûУŰһѣǹעڽֵˡ
ھǧĿڵƬСռ֮УһӰӰǧĿֻǧĿ˴֮ǻжԵģڽżҵĽ֡
ѷֱ浽ĸ棬һٵģΪǧĿϢһõֶһҲһģһġ
֮䣬ͺڻվһеĹͶ뻮һֻ֮ϢǿѾ˷ֱһϢѾ
ĪϸĹۿһвɵһĨɫΪѾˣһģһǧĿϢ΢һЩģʵġ
ò˵ֶηǳǿҷǳĿǧĿλСǿߣǧĿڽżҵĽ֣һҲûţڰлнǧĿնɱ˼
֮ҪлҪΪǧĿֶ̫ߣ֮ͫʱΣ֡
ĪӿûжãѾ׼ˣֻ˫ͬʱһȻƬСռ֮УͻȻ֮һĨ⣬ͬ⻬ľһ㡣
֮ռͻȻͬӳ뾵һеľﶼߵ˹
ǧĿڵһʱ͸о˲ؿڴֻ֮ͫʱԥľͷˡ
֮ͫһ˲䣬ǧĿһ˲ͱ·һӴ֮뿪ˣһдڸУҲȫһ˲䱻Ĩɾˡ
£ǧĿֶΣ֮κεط޷ĪԼҲо
ƫƫڣڵƬռ䣬ͷ·һ澵һһж෴ģչ֮ͫǧĿĴڸȻûȫʧҪǣ߻һλԼźһģһֶΣҲ֪βܹ
ǸһģһǧĿں󱳴һֻ۾Ȼ֮ſɢһεĲǧĿ֮ͫ޷ӳЧ
еķٴη仯ڵĿռ֮УǧĿģͻȻ俪ʼת䣬ת䣬ŷ֮ͫǧĿģҲһͬı仯
ܿ죬ǧĿӣͱһڵĺȻ󣬺ʼϵɢϵϢҲϵĽ䣬ȻʩչֶΣ˵Ҳǳصĸ
Ǽѵҧ֧ţΪնɱǧĿõһᣬᣬҲûĻˡ
žϢϵĽ䣬ѾһźǧĿҲɢԽԽ죬ֻʣȭͷСһСţǵʱһвԵļѡ
ĪӿһĻȻаæ˼ûижΪоҪԼæȫնɱǧĿ
ȻھϢҪ䵽ȵ׵ʱǧĿһźڳ׵ɢˡ
ͬһʱ̣ĪĵһԤʾһλߵ䣬ǿ֮Уͳ˹
һƬɫӵľȻźܶɫǻ濴ȴѤֻԵ÷ǳңɫ֮Уһֻ۾ͻȻſƺڴƬɫʷḻĿռ䣬ҪһеľӳС
ܿ죬ֻ۾ʼգͺżżԼûа취еɫʶӳУǺֻ۾Աߣֶ˵һֻ۾Һܿ˵ֻ۾ֻ۾һڲµ۾
Щ۾һ̶ȵʱƺֱܹΧеɫʣЩ۾ҲˣȻһֻֻ۾ϵıϣԵΪꡣ
ǧĿ֮ʱĹ󣬴ˣնɱǧĿ֮󣬾ϢҲסˣƬһжǷתŵСռ䣬ʱҲˡ
Īӿֳεľԥؾ͸һˮ⣬ȻûлָЧܹٻָƣڵľ˵ҲǷǳõġ
մСռгľˮ䵽ϵʱлһΪб˶ԼɸоˮЧϿվĪӣͳ׵ķ
ĪӿžĿ⣬ֻǶ˵ͷȻ̧еīȣһСռݺݵȥ
һɫĹâǿйᴩһСռ䣬ԭռƵߣڸӦֲ֮ʱһӦǸϿ룬ʱûߵĻᣬֱӾͱɫĹâУȻ󵱳ͱ˷ɻҡ
ʱīϵĹâٴγ֣Сռ֮һɨţһ֮Ȼ˹
ι󣬶һһģʱߣɵʱҲʶЩˡ
Щ֧ŵߣ˲оƺת
һļλߣ׼ԥ׼ԼԭĶ֣뿪ս
ߣһĴȴôģѹŴ˰죬òתܹô׵
ڼλȫ£Щ׼ߣ뾡սߵҲûôס
һЩģԸһˣҲҪ뿪һ˶ܵģм˼ι֮ٶȻȻ£ĪӻӶīȣᣬֽһλߴɱ
ȻʣµļߣĪӾûܹˣ߲ܣԭֻķЩϣīΪ컯֮Ҫ߶䷢ӳ컯֮ĵķҲǺֲܿġ
ȻЩϧûܹе£ܹһʵѾ൱ˣնɱôλߣ˽ˣοĪӵԪ«УץĶԬ
ûλߣʧôĴߣ˵ʲôˣµ֮ȵĥԱ


ھŰʮ ɷ
ǿ֮еսΪĪӵĽ룬ôˣսĹ̳ʱ䲻̣Ĵ඼ϴˡ
ȻˣЩĴߣֽǸеȽҵġ
ĪͻȻ֮ˣ˶ߣҼ컯֮Ҳɹˣű֤ʧͬʱҲȫˡ
ûĪӵĳ֣ǽٵģԾһشڳĴ߲֪Ҫ伸˸֪Ҫ˶١
ǿ֮еսطڽеսûҲͽˣµĶߵϢսͬʱѾ֮䡣
һʱ֮䣬Īӵ֣ؼ֮Уһǣֻǣ˵Ĺ֮ǣ˵ȴͷڱǹâһǳ
ԭĴþ棬֮ɢˣĶߣȻҲûܹѣĪӵУԬ³֪
ǿеһŴϣеĴߣ˿̵ĿⶼĪӵϣڿĪӣȴû˿˵
˺ð̲֮ſڵζĪѼʱϵҵȾ͵֣֮ҲҪϲѣΪͻƵߵĲΣҳɹ컯֮
̲֮ڳߣҲ׷׵ĿڣϲĪΪͻƵߵĲΣҳɹ컯֮
ֻڹϲͬʱǵҲЩӣĪŹȥ꣬ΪѾﵽ˶ߵĲΣ컯֣֮ۿͻ컯磬Ҳϣ
ٿԼô꣬ȻѾΪ˴ߣվ˾ߵǰУǺĪӱֱ̫ˡ
飬ҲȷĽ֮·ܹߵ棬һ㣬һ򵥵顣
ĪڳĴ߶ԼĹϲҲ΢ЦһһڳĴ߻ڿʱ
ǿսûԼֵĻôսɽǷǳҫ۵ġ
ʵ൱ǱǿҷǳѲǧĿնɱѾ֤ʵˡ
Լ֣ս˵ȥĹâҲȫڱΣΪʵʵʵûκ˿Է
ӾֶĪӾã֮;ϣܹܿһˣ봥ߵĲΣʱҲ̫ˡ
ԺҲܹһ컯֮ôߣҲǶԷյ㣬пܹﵽ컯硣
λһϲ֮󣬻ܿͻص⣬˵˴ս֮󣬽Ӧϡ
ʱ˵ʱսһڽڰˣ壬Ƿ֮ʱ
˵ʱ΢ͣһ£һȦΧĴߣҶ΢΢ͷ޾ֿһĪӣĪͬҲͷ֮ż˵
Ѿû˶ߣҾһսҲʧ˼λߣԷ壬ӦûȽס
Ҫǵǣҵ費ҪϵǱߣһһͬҸδ飿
޻һ˵꣬һԵ̲̿ڵǱߣҪȥϵһ£ϵһ֮ͬǰȵø嵽׻ǲǵѣĻڽ֮Ըǣ
ڸղŽս֮ʱԭӦñĹǣס컯֮ȻԶã˵Ǳ߾ԳһЩʡ
ҪģֱʣһΪ֮ǳһЩ⡣
ͷһΪ֮ĻλѾѾˣڣҲʹ˹ȥˣܻ嶯֡
ԭĻʵ֮λȻɿҲ⣬һ棬Ͼʱս֮Уտʼıֻͦ׵ģ嵲סѹ
̲˵֮ڳĴҲʾͬĪͬеͷ˵ûκε飬ϣȷֻ˴
սոսλߵ״̬̫ãĿǰҪ飬Ҳ¶ѣЩݣҾûмĻ⡣
ĪѣĴ֣͵ˣȵҵȻָһ֮ѷֵ
˵̲ĪЦ˵˼ԣĪͳ֡
Īλߣ߲κε⣬廹壬ûܹԸĪӵĸ֣ټһ壬ĪӦҲܹӦ
ټĪӣѾΨһĶߣλȻҪ΢һЩûʸȥǲʲôֻΪҲֻͳȫ֡
ĪӶԴȻô⣬ҲûƴǣΪԼʵ֮ƥĵλ
ԼƴˣȵҪԼֵʱ򣬻ϣԼֵܹʱ򣬻᲻̫˼鷳ԼԻȻܵıȽϺãĪֲֻϹָӵˡ
ĪӴӦ̲ͶĪӵ˵ͷȻ͵һ뿪ˣĴߣûʲô˵ģѡ״̬ѵЩҲѡ뿪ȥָԼơ
ʣµЩˣĪûмôжֻ˼λɣ˰ţôҽ
һսոս˵ĶСʱûа취жĪԼڵķûȫָ
ҰרĽǱߣȴѾʼˡ
һν壬ƾһλߣ컯֮Դ
ڣһҲ˶ߣҲһ컯֮Ķ߻סˣ⻹ʲôôģֱӺ˱ǡ
̵ʱڣʱռݵԭһΧ弸ȫ˳ѡ˳׵ĺˡ
һǵ֪ҲµĶߵϢͬԥѡ˺ˡ
󲿷ֵѾȫϳУҲʶֽùˣпֻ⵽һش
ĪӳΪߵϢӳСģһ
Ϊһڲ֪Ƿ׵ѣƺǶĪӳΪûκεķӦҲûս֮˹һ¹Ϊʲôûס컯֮ԭ
ߵĪʱûᣬǿ֮лָķ֮󣬾Ϳʼһ׾ٵĽԭΧ
֮УûκεżһЩµֶ֮ΣҲ޷ס۾
ڶˣʱսУѾһӵĻһλߵĴ죬ȻнʱлܵĻȫй뷨
̶ʮʱ䣬岻ոʧȥĵ򣬶Ҵ˲ԭĵ̣ĪӴ˵ĲƣҲ׼ȫֿȻûеֿסĪӺ˵Ľʼ֮ͬǰһϵĽڽڰˡ


ھŰʮ ̫
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Ͼһ컯֮ĪԼ컯֮мܹӳǲСġ
Īӵλˣ֮ǰѹŴѾһʱˣѾڴţܹ췴ĺŽǣ˫ĵλԸԳĵ˹Ȼս֮ʱҲƴȫ
£µʱ䣬ĪѾˣԭΧ
ʱҪˣǺ˵ѾԽԽˣ²ԸĪӣʱҲòȥˡ
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һֱϵڴ֮ǰÿһսУĪӶû̫ĸоƫƫ֮Īȴһ˿ĸо
֮ĸоҪԽĻܾͻҪǳӣǱСĵ鷢
ĪѾǶˣҪԼǳӣǱСĵ飬Īӵһʱ뵽컯档
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ĪӲ²⣬Լڶˣһֱڿܴ컯ĵߣǰĻпܻ컯
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Ԫ«īΪĪӲ컯ֱ֣ӽԼɱԣȫٴһ
Ī߻ŶӪһѾӪˣһȺɾˣǿֳ֮Լط࣬ȻʩչǿɷͨӪȥ
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λǿ߳սǰͬʩչ˸ǿֶΣ֪һλɵͨȻ׾ٵؽķ˺һƬСȱڡ
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ĪҲʱֱͷųԼϢֳΣһĴߣԼѾˡ
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Īӽ컯֮óʱλĴߣ׷׽Ŀ۵īϡ
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屻ˣôӽ֮İλҲͳ׵ȷˡ
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ĪһеҲж˿֣׷ʩչǿֶΡ
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ɫĹâǿ֮УһѪɫâסǿƳ֮ͨ󣬺ѪɫĹâһͬ
һ޹Ī˿⣬ΪҲûڴţͬʱԼλߣԼܹһ֮£ֱӸɵеһλ
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ҪѹѹƵʱͻȻֹѹƣȻǳǿΪߣҲ׿ѵġ
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Ҳ֪ʱǲģǷҪȥ飬ԲٵˣĿ⿴ǱߵĪӡ
Īû˵̧ͷŸ߿գڴʱ򣬻һЩ˵컯վһλԼˣ׵ش塣
ǹʱ䣬ĪӲûеȵ컯վ̫յϢøǿˣεԼֻṥơ
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ĪѣսˣԸ£̫յѾԳ棬ѲԴ뿪Ըһ⳥
ߵ˼ܼ򵥣֪ĪȥЩģ׼һЩ룬ĪӺܹܡ
컯£ֻҪһʵ̨ףҲԸ˳̨
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ĪӼλĴߣޱٴοڣƺЩ̫ģҪΪһ¶ԷشģȻλߵһá
ѾӦˣһģ޷Ǿ̸ʱȽϲִ٣ҪҪ취Щȴ롣
ԷٴθɴĴӦĪû˵ʲôɴתȥֱʧԭء
ЩУһЩ˵һĨʧ֮ɫĪ뿪֪ⳡսˣ廹ûн峹׵ĴУŹһѵĻᡣ
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һιĪûоˣԼһ˾ͽ뵽˺֮УȻͷſʶںй۲
ĪʶɨһУƺǱȽģЩ֮е飬ûʲô̫ԾĵطҲôš
ֻɨԭλõʱĪӷǸλãԭû޸Ա߲̫ԶĵطֽһƬȽϻĽ
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ڵĪӣĶߣվ컯֮£ΪߵһˣпܻһΪλĶԬ˵ѾĪסˡ
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ǵĵ飬￴һְӣһϵеķչ֮£Щĸ壬ھԼҪһ˵
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ս֮У֪һͰϻûɢ˹ðһ˲ܵ˵ĵĴˣְبһȣͳӡ
ıƣԭָ˵ĸ壬ҲʶˣǶʱȥˡ
ߣҲûţǶߣѡ˱ܡ
һǼҳԸ񣬲֪
ڶɢȥҲ֪ܲ壬Ѿʧȥ˶Դ󺣵ͳελ壬ΪѣԵƺôҪˡ
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˳㣬ҲԸУҰ˵ƽϢԹ


ھŰʮ ɴ
Īӱֵ̬Ⱥȷ֧壬һԸһУ½Ѿͦˡ
֮Աֳ̬ȣΪĪӶôںѣѷǳ⣬ǵǰľƣ˵Ϊ
ɥʧԴ󺣵ƿȨһѣΪҪģΪζţĽ֮УͱҪĽŲߡ
Ȼ鷢չ̶ֳȣĪӾҪһѣĵλȷҲ峹׵İսϡ
ĪҪЩ֮λ߿һӣվʹӦĪӵҪϵЩĸ֣׼εĶԹ
Īӵ˼Щ֮УҲ˲µһЩʱ¶ԴЩ˼ɣҲûһվ˵Ե
һֱܸ߰ǽЩһϵе飬һδεĴѾһʵǾڵ壬Ѿû˸߰ʱҪͷˡ
ԴĶ֮Ĵͷǳ΢ϴ֮еңݻ٣һε飬һʶǱ忿£ʱԱ
ǲԵԭ򣬳ʶһ֮⣬ҪԭΪʵѾһԾΪ֮֮Уʵǿһ
ĪλߣлһԼԼ컯֮컯֮⣬ܵС
ĪӾǵǰһ㶼봥ŭ
˴Լһʱ䣬פ֮Уبڣһʮǿߣȫ
ڽ֮󣬵һ۾Ϳ׵ĪӣߵЩߣʱЩĽĪӳ֣Ըǵġ
һ˿֮Щ帽ǿߣ֮Ͳϵİнš
ĪӿЩˣһʮˣΪﵽ߾ģҲѣֵעģȻǹبˡ
λͻƴ߾粻ãΪѾﵽ˴߾ڣŴ߾
Īܹóب֮ΪôԭȫΪ֮ǰĻʵ̫ͻƴ߾֮˿ľʹﵽ˴߾ڡ
ĪӿبʱبҲڿĪӣ˫֮Уƺ̺ŨŨս⣬źĪӽֵ뷨
λĪѣĶߣдҹҪĪѵ˼ΪѣĪϣˮ壬һ֮ǰ飡˶ˣһ˼ģվ˵
һ˵֮ĿɨһǼĸ֣ɫǳĲÿ
ʱǾζǺ⼸ĸ֣վͬһӪģʾǶҲͬܲ
Īڰ˵֮󣬾ͻĿڵѾˮǩԼ֮ǰ彻սĹؼʱ̣δܹǣס컯֮ʶǰ˽һԲ֪顣
Ϊ֮еİΪĸ壬ԭӦֵˣ֮ԻֵֵزЩɺϣҲЩᣬ˵ԽǰһУϣҺ彫˵ܽԹ
Ī˵֮ĿɨһȫȻּڵ
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˵ĪһԵʹ˸ɫʾֵˡ
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˵󣬰˵˰£ͱЩˣЩԭĸ壬ǿаеĺѹȥ
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ԷĿ⿴ԼĪӿ˵֮УֻͬΪ֮ҪǲҿٺдһΣ
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ȻĪǶߣʵӹɵģڳЩ˶Լب֣ãبδûкĪӶԿ
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ԭΧսˣ˿һɫ䣬ΪǷΧĺˮһַǳٵٶһͷ
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ھŰʮ ѹ
󺣣һ˵ӡ֮Уƺޱ޼ʵģ·ԶͷЩ֮е˵Ҳһǳĵط顣
ȻʵĴ󺣣Ȼޱ޼ʵģԼľͷһΧ˭Ҳ޷ϴ󺣵Ŀ㡣
ɰٴĺ󣬼磬Ҳвٵˣдһƪʫƪ
ǹ㲩Ĵ󺣣Ȼıһ֮ȫˣԴ֮е˵һޱ𺳵飬ʲôѣȺ׹䣬Ǿ𺳡
ĪǾ仰һڣب˵ĸоȴȫһڸ߶ԷΪܺ俹ĵƣʵֵһᡣ
ЩûбԪ«֮еĴе飬ڱһʱ֮Ǻܿͻعžһ󾪻š
󺣣ļ԰ڱĪӳˣǲǴӴ֮ǾҪʧȥļ԰ˣЩԪ«е飬ǵ³ΣƺѾĪӵһ֮ˣ
ھڿֻ֮еĴ֮е飬Ϊļλߣ֪ԼվʱˣߵĴߡ
Īѣ⣬ܷѴ󺣵ĺˮŻǰ˼̧ͷվ֮еĪӣʵ
Īӽô̵ʱɵ飬Ҳеǳ𺳣Ϊ֮еİû˱ףܹ󺣳ɵѶˡ
ǲǼ򵥵ҪˮͿˣҪǸӸֶΣԼƿֲΰ
ĪӸղ׼بֵʱ򣬰лЩģĪλߣܹ壬ݺݵĽѵһЩ壬жĪӵڴٸߣҲû뵽ĪӾȻ̶ֳȡ
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ĻĪӿһۣȻû̿ڣĿתصبϡ
ĪӲ˵ʣĺеĴߣʱҲ׷վ˳Īܹеĺˮ·ų
Щ߿֮ĪӲſبٴοʵ𣿡
ĪӵĻبһϵķ׵ƽϢӺֱһЩһ˫С۾ĪӣȻ΢΢ĽͷһЩ³һ֡

³һ֮بֳһȥҷȱղţ񻹴һЩ
Īӵ˵ͷûٿڣֻڴĿ֮УһٿͷԪ«ʼղսȥĺˮ㵹
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˵꣬ȶԷ׵ĪӾֱ뿪ˡ


ھŰʮ ŵװ
Īӽ󺣳ɵ׳٣ں̵ܶʱʹˣԭĪΪµĶߣʱͺܹעϢ֮󣬶ĪʵĹڸǿУһ̨ס
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ܹնɱߵıôԸЩͨĴߣǸɣĪӺɱ֣³컯֮⣬֮˿赲ˡ
˶ĪʵĹƣעĻһ㣬ǾѾĪסԬ³ô
λ߱סѾµʱˣȴһֱû䣬Ԭһû䣬һ첻Ԯλߵ뷨
Ī֮⣬֮䣬ΨһһλߣȻĪӵĪסˣⲻԬֻǵԬû컯֮Īӿ컯֮
ֻҪܹԬȳЯһ컯֮²ĪӵĶ֣ҲӦܹǿֵĪӡ
Ѿ׼˽ӴʲôۣܹԬ컯֮֮⣬ѾණԸ׼
ҪԬ뷨ĪӻصԼĵ֮󲻾þ֪ˣԴˣĪֻݸһЦȻͲˡ
Ҳ˵ĳ̶ȣ廹ʲôܹĪӣ˵ĪӷŹһǿĶ֣һܵ飬ڱԼʵҲԲŻɽ֮١
Ϊһ棬ŹһߣĸˣľĪӾԲŹԬ
ĪӶһʶĺߣһͬҲʶú˽ϢݸĪ֮⣬ûκһˣȰ˵ĪӷŹԬֵģȰĪӾ콫Ԭġ
ԼĵУĪӺеһڻطţϸƷݣھĪӲԶڸɣһЩϵ⡣
ɣʱŴӴ֮ϵģһ÷۵ĵӣһڵĵӡ
÷۵ĵҲ̸Ϊ÷һŶգµĵ֮УʳڵĲ٣ѾôˣȻ˳ɡ
ĵӣֵúúùעһ£Ϊһڵӣȫȫ͵̳ͬĪӵͳеĵӣЩڵĳϲһĹͬĵǳĪӵĴУҲĵͬĪʦ
Ҳڴô꣬ȡõĳЧԼڣøǿʢˣҲ˳ʢĸ
еĵϣĪתͷһǱרڿεĵӣһĨ֮ɫ
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ʦ޸ĵˣ߽Īӵߣ˵
ţܾʲôطЩԣϸ޸֮ȴ־ûʲôطԸĵģЩط޸֮˼֮ǰҲ֮оֿԲģĪеĵ̾һ˵
صԼ⼸죬Īÿ춼ҪԼĵóһ£ͼٽ޸ĵһЩ
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ĪӿԺȷ˵Լĵȱ̫׵״ġ׵ҲȱģϣѹҲûʲôȱ¡
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˵ıضָĵȻ̫ĵЩ߱ҪģԼʦġ÷ѾȫѷɫЩˡ
ĪԣЦЦȻҡҡͷ˵ȡ̫ʼȺ׫ĵΪʦĵȻѾˣɱ׵ΪʦͻһЩ֮һֱƵΪΪʦ׼ʼԱҪ׼һЩ
Լġ÷ˮƽΣĪ֪֪÷ѾܲˣҲ֪ͬв֮
ԼĵǰĪҲҪʲôЩֱӾͿ˵ڡ
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߽ȻǻԵοĪĶߣ͸ǴԵˡ
ΪĪӵĵӣĪӽʱȻջҲģƵʱΪܹһأʱ䳤ĻͻƵǰ綼⡣
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ĪԣһԼ°ͣȻ˵
˵仰֮ĪͻȻʲô̯ԼƣԪ«ġ
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ֻĪһֻƴԪ«ϷԪ«̾ͱ˰͸ģĿԪ«һֻͨƽ壬Ԫ«֮С
Īƻ̧֮гһöɫӣĶöɫӣͽ뵽Ԫ«֮У䵽Ǹϡ
öûԷڣͨƽ壬̳һĨɫһӡ
һĨɫӵٶȲ죬ƺΪԷͨƽ̫ӲԵʣʵԭ򣬻ĪӿŻԼͨԼ׼ʱܹһЩ
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Ԫ«еԬ΢ΪλĶ߸еЩԪ«УԷûѵĿܣĽѾעˣǾԪ«֮С
ǶԷӦҲû뵽䣬ȻĪӿʼļʱߣŵװף


ھŰʮ 
ԴĪ˵Ҫʼһν뷨ڽУͿʼڴһ쾡絽
ԴĪӸϢ֮һֱȥ˼µʱ䣬ûʲôÿ컹ǲϵطŸֵͬʱҲϵ޸Լġ÷
ҲΪĪӶԼġ÷ʵ޸ĵ̫ƵԵʣʱ䣬֮Уʼ飬ЩߣҲǳĹע
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һλߣ컯֮Ѿܹ컯Ҫһ޿ɺǡ
֮䣬Ī֮⣬廹ûеµĶߣĪʱ컯磬ӰҲܴ󣬵ȷҲһʵʱ
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󺣳ɵĹУˮݡɺ֮ģȫӺ׾𣬽·ŻЩҲûа취»صԭ
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ԣʱ֮Уȫ壬ڷָֻ֮еĻȻһЩԺ򻷾Ҫܸߵĺ飬Ųصԭĺ
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֮ǰĽţӿգæµָͬ£ô֮еĻúܺгǸĽƽ
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ĪӣѾĶеĵһЩĸ֣׫ĵĪҲһЩ
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뵽Լ˼µʱ䣬ջûнԼġ÷ƵԼĳ̶ȣĪ͸еǳź
̧ͷĪĿգңԶĿռĿ䵽˴ϵ÷ۣ䵽Ϥ÷ϡ
ڴʱڣ÷ڹҹ͸Ҷ֮ķ϶Կ÷ϣǺܶĹӡ
÷ǰͲǺܴĵͯվ÷ǰָϵĶ÷ָָģϸϵĹӡ
һţƺԼ֮ǰĲǺܷģֺڴţܹͻȻֶһöʵ۵ӣԴһڴ֮ɫ
ĪӿһĻɵøеЩЦͶ࿴ۣȿ˺ü֮ϵڴ֮ɫתΪʧ֮ͻȻһջĿ⣬Լġ÷һҳм䣬һ֡
ʱƣ֮ڴ֮ʵϲԼ
дһ֮Ī¶ЦݣͬʱҲһУ˼µʱ䣬ڡ÷ƣڴﵽԼĳ̶ȡ


ھŰʮ Ԭ
Īдһ֣Լڡ÷֮ϵϢҲ΢΢һЩ仯
ǷУĪӽ÷û뵽ԼһʱҪ÷ȴջԼ÷ƵԼĳ̶ȡ
ʵĪӸղдµǾ仰ǶԱ˵ģԼԼ˵ġ
˼ʱ䣬ڡ÷ƣһֱûдﵽԼԤڣĪ֪ԼҪЩˣȴôһԸ
ĪʵҲ֪ԼҪֵĿ󣬵ȵԼΪ컯ľ磬Ȼܹ÷õƣվ΢ִһ㡣
СֻͯһѣĪ׼ִڽƵĳ̶ȵʱȴһ˿Уǽˣⲻò˵һǳ顣
ԭãʱȴֽɣͬϵ¶ˡ
һִ׷ҧɽɵȻһֵƷʣҲǽһܹɵһ
ƷʣЩʱҪʲôģֻҪʲôһζִš
ڷ󣬻߳Լ̫ŬִţҲԤڱ۵ķԽԽԶ
ĪվһССĶǱɵ˵ע⡣
ǿĪϵЦݣĪϢ仯֮ɡ˶һۣз·𶼲µʲô
ĪûǣֱӴЦת߽˵еСռڡ
ѾƵԼĳ̶ȣǽ׼ҲӦֲһˣż̿ʼ
ĪԪеԪ«ڣԬϵĻͨʱӵٶȱøˣΪĪѾҪôʱˣΪνĪ׼΢¡һЩʱҲ΢óһЩĪӶҪЩ׼ʱ䡣
СռڣĪӿʼɵ׼ĵصԼߣʱ˹ƱȽ϶࣬ǵһҪ΢׼ġ
׼鷳Īֻ޴ڵƺ֮Уһŵƶ䣬仯һţвһЩˮЩžһЩЧ
ʱ򣬽Щгȥһ̿˽ɾϵǿߣλҪ߳һЩ֮⣬ĲҪĶԴƾԵ
ԼĺѻеӣԼԼйصˣǵȻǰУŶر׼ģӵˮҲԡ
Ī׼ǧҵţҪǲĻЩߣǾֻԼ취ˡ
λĪӵһҪ׼£ڶҪ׼ģҪˡ
ԼҪϢֻҪɢȥʱͻ˷ӵкԼϵõģǻҪһµġ
ĪһҲҪκȥԼȣֻʩչȻƿռ䣬һŵͬǲ˳һ㣬һķߣܿǾͻᵽﱻ˵С
֮Īó֮ǰԼƵķֱ£΢룬Ȼ󽫷ֱ˳ȥ
Īӳȥķֱ£Сռ䣬ĪӵϿգȻѸٵıճһСʮףȽۣҲǺܴĸСɽĪӸԼ׼Ľĵط
飬Ī׼òˣֻʣµȴԭӦ׼ݣݷĶʱƵʱѾ׼׵ˡ
׼ɣĪӾ߳˵˵ߣǿڵ
ʮ֮ΪʦῪʼһνǿ׼һ£νǹģʲôѣҪһµģҲǰ
Ī˵󣬻˻ػһֱӵ˷ֱϣóԪ«Ȼʧ
ɵ˻һۣ˱˴еڴ֮ɫǱߵļλɣ¶Цݡ
ʦҪʼһ׮ԵȻʦҲ˵ˣҵȺѹĺѣ;ȥɣǸϲʱ䣡Ϊڳ֮УĿǰߵһ㿪ڶ˵
֮ϵʱҲˣٵҲʶһЩˣм鲻ģȻǹģǶЩǹϵĺѣȻǰ֪ͨչһ¡
ǺһҲܿжʼѣĪӵߡ
У֮ϵʱ䲢ر𳤣ȴ֮æһҪ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ׼ѡ
ʮʱúܿ죬Īȷ˽ʱ֮ûãЩһֱǣоڌǵڣڵڶͻˣԻѻ
ڵߣһλǳŮޣûгֵ¡
ʵӵڶ쿪ʼĪӵΧˣֺֹЩֻЩıȽˣ඼Ϊڽɾϵĸ֣ûм¶ˡ
ʱһֱ˵죬˽Īӵ⣬һţҲڵʱŴƺ֮
ЩŵУЩ˺ܿе˼
λñȽϸߵЩȻǸɾϵĸ׼ˣЩλòߣҲȽϿǰ
ڸǰţЩ̫һǸߵĵӺ׼ģЩͨţǸͨ׼ġ
ıȽЩˣΪԵһЩģʱռ˱ȽϿǰţȻĿȶȴŽĿʼ
ʱţЩŵˣҲԽԽˣճţѾ÷ǳϡ٣һЩɣҲǰϡ
ʱУ˵ĿȻ䵽ĪӵϷķֱϣǷֱϣڷŵһССĺ«ȫڲ²Īӵ⡣
ȵʱ䵽ʮʱ򣬼е˶ˣǰЩϣǵȵӣȫһһǵ߻λ飬ֱ÷ġĪɽ򸾡հ׵ˣνĪӽҲˡ
Ժһ㣬ĪʶһЩˣȼλǿߣò֣ͺ棬̲ȴߡ
ЩɾϵǿУһǲģǼȻˣĪҲȱһλá
һǧţѾˣ֮⣬ٵҲԼ취һţĪӵĵȥĶˡ
˵ȴĪӳֵʱ򣬷ֱϵԪ«ͻȻ֮΢΢һ£ȻһԴı̾ͻȻ˵𣬽ţɫͱðȻڷֱµϷͳ˹
һƬͬرһľ֮УһֻͨƽľԳôȻվĵػˮ磬¶ϣ첻κε˺ͷ·Ƕһ֮⣬ܹبŲĴڡ
Ĺ֣ЩмʶˣȻ֪˭䣬Ƕû뵽龹ȻᷢʱۿĪӾҪˣȻȰԬˡ
һλߵ䣬ΪԼˣĪѺôǣλ֮УϯӦЦһȻ󿪿ڶԵļ˵


ھŰʮ һ
һλߵ䣬Ϊʽʼ֮ǰĿˣڳе˶Ϊ֮𺳣ҲôҶԼʼĽи˼ڴ
ʧɫ±ʱĪӵӰͳ˷ֱϡ
ֵʱǳȻͷ·һڳλߣҲûзκεĿռ䲨
֮ĪӣԪ«ȻŻ£Ŀɨһȫ
ӰûκοţĪӹƣԼνҪǧˣһ£Ǿǽ
֮ϣһ൱ֲ֣֮սսϣƽʱٻܹۼô˵顣
УĪӿŵӵӰǸţвٵĵӵȫ棬ȴĪӿʼ
һȦȫ֮Īڿڻ˵ڴ˽лλǰ˴νʱһ꣬ݣвͬߣȥ˼ɣ
Ī֮󣬾֮صоǳĺ󣬷·𻹴ŲĻ飬仰ˣֱӣ׼
ĪεĽȻҪһ֮ãòٵ˸еԾˣΪ֮䣬ٻһλ֣ʱôϾҲǲСģοôˣһôʱ䡣
ĪҲǳĸɴֱ࣬ӾͿʼʽĽݡ
֮棬ˮľ
޸֮ġ÷ȻǰЩͬʵҲû̫ķֱ𣬾Ӹ˲٣˼ĸĶࡣ
Īһڳˣͷ·һ˲䣬뵽һƬޱأݸ֮Ĳͬÿһһ̿ĳȻҲǲͬģܹжջǾҪ˵ˡ
Īܹ֮ݵˣʱţֱԽԽˡ
ֻЩɾʿֻŵˣֻŶߵĵϱţĴ
ٵЩɾǿߣҲ׵ĳУĪݣطİ£ǵƺҪǿܶ࣬ԼѾȶĵ·ϵǰߣŵ֮ۻһ⣬ʱӭж⡣
֮ЩǿߣǷ֣ҲЩĪݵʱʵǸеǳȵģΪԴΪɾ֮ǶڲϵƳ³£һ˽ѻҲ
ֻЩܾǿߣڶĪݣ÷ǳĪһһ䣬֪ġ÷ͷ·ڴ֮;ϣǵһյƣҲܹ΢ǰķڴ֮;ϸһ
ͬʱҲʱи̾ĪӵΪ֮ߣ֮
Īӿʼ֮󲻾ãЩĪӽˣһ˵ϣͿʼһЩ仯
ȿʼֱ仯ģЩΪ͵ɣ˵ѾΪȽǿһЩɡ
ͷֳԼط࣬һط࣬չֳ˲ͬĵϣһڲϱøȻΪͻƵס
ǵͻƣûдŵΧˣΪµţͻȻ֮һϢΧĿռ䣬˲ǵγһƬռ䣬ͻƵʱ򣬼ȲŵߵˣҲᱻߵš
εĽҪһ꣬ŸոտʼûãѾͻƣڽĽ֮УȻиˣΪõͻơ
Īӽʼһ֮󣬻һЩ½ԶĵΧĪӽ
ʱĪӵЩУѾвΪһȡССĽͻһС磬ɣ۳ط̤࣬뵽ɾ硣
һ֮УҲĵ˳һλɾڵĸ֣Īӽһ֮ΪѾﵽ˻Ľ׶ΣԼ뿪ʱò뿪
ʱƵڶµʱǰ֮УһλɵǿߣĪӽĹ֮дջΪȻһС磬ڳһΪСĽɡ
ЩɺɣڶʱУΪһЩԽһС磬Ǵ󾳽硣
ЩǰˣĪԼͽͽʱջȻǸ
ΪΪĪߵһŲСջ񣬵Ǿ绹ûȡԵھЩһˣΪٶȺܿ죬ƳŲνҲ˳׼취Ķɹ׶Ρ
ҲСΪѾɾڣԴ֮ϺĲߣʶĲӰѾһֱĥ̬ԼʼԽԽĺôٶԽԽ졣
ûĻӦûǸڷܹ˾ϲˣпܺϣ׷Խڡ
ΪҲɾڣڻûͻɾڣν֮УΪͻƼһ϶顣
ڻɳڣʵѾܹԽһСˣȴѹԼûԼͻƣӦԼĴ㡣
ĪӵͳĵӣǶСĪӵʦ÷ƺҲջųǿһЩ
ĺĪɽ򸾣ڿͺ˯һҲ֪ûǿ𲻶⣬νӦûǻЩջġ
ڿһհףųģɲǽɫ⣬һ㵭ɫâڸ֮£̫ۡ
ɫĹâƺڱϵķֽţ뵽հڽɫУհ˵Ϣһַǳȶٶȣϵ
һЩѣϵϢܹвСջ
Īһ߽һעЩÿһϵı仯۵ףͬʱҲ
߱ȽϹĵЩˣһеĵ·УûгʲôӣֻҪȴͰͺá
Īӽĵ£뿪Īӵֶ˼֮ǰ뿪Ǹһ뿪⼸ҲԼԸ뿪ΪΪ˻׶Σò뿪ġ
ɼЩ뿪ˣĪӵЩţǱռûм٣ǿˣΧЩߣһ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴţϣǰ;뿪ˣܹٶһЩĻҲܹǰһЩˣ˵ܹ쵽һλ
˱ԽԽ࣬ĪӽʱѹȻҲͱԽԽˣһʱĪӻŵסôȥĪҲܿо
һֱĪӽĵ£ǰվĪһ߽֮Īӵĵ޷ټĪӽˣΪΪ˻׶Σ


ھŰʮ ɽ
ڿ뿪֮ĪûܵţȴеЩοԼһֱôŵĶӣΪҲﵽ˻׶ΣһǴﵽɾˣ뵽ɾ֮Լûʲôܹˡ
뵽׶ΣĪͻȻЩ棬ôѵˣڻ׶Σı֣
ͷֻһţĪӾͼάԼĽһֱȵʱ䵽ĵ½ĪӲͻȻͣ
Īӵͣµһ̣ڳеߣͻȻһȻʧ֮УȻ״̬˳Ŀ׷ϷĪӡ
һЩΪȽϵ͵ɣӽһʼһֱ֮Уߵĵͣ£ΪνѾˣ׼и̾һ֮ھȻôʱȴڷֱϵĪӿڵ
˴ν֮ڹ룬£ȵ֮󣬽ʼ뿪ߣԱ㣬кϵʣҲ
ĪӵĻЩ˲֪ԭεĽûнֻʱȥһѣĪ˵һЩϵʣڳЩˣ΢΢һһλѾ̽ʳ˵һ⡣
ǰƳ³£Ӧ֤
Īԣֱӿڻش֮£һдڽԺпɼ
һ߻ش⣬ĪһҲڻָԼģԭļƻʵûмʱ䣬ֻΪˣǳԤڣΪ˳νĪӲͻ룬һνֳ
мʱ䣬ԸЩĪҲ԰ǽһЩɻͬʱ԰סָһģԵʲôͻأ
ĪӵĽλɶĪһȻصϣž˿ʳԼɻ⣬ĪҲ˴𰸡
ܿ죬ЩΪﵽ˽ɾϵĸ֣סԼ⣬Īֻ˺̵ܶʱ䣬͸ǽˣǾд߿ˡ
ȿڵĴߣһλŵĴߣԷվĪһ֮󣬱΢һ£ſʵ
Īѣ컯֮кξϣ
Էʳ⣬ڳļλߣһʱ֮ȫĿͶ˶ԷȻĪӣϱ鶼ûʲô仯һľٶѾ˵һЩ⡣
Ī֮ǰȥţԼ컯֮ķΪҪȡ͸صɱӴĻᣬһӻңڣԷȻʱĪƤν񣬶Ǹ֪Īӻ᲻᲻ǰӣشԷ⡣
˴Լʱ䣬ĪͻȻ¶һĨ΢ЦȻ󻺻ؿڣֻĪӿ֮󣬺˵ʳĴߣȴûκεڳˣûĪ˵ʲô
ȫֻˣĪӵĻ˾̲;
ĪӵΪ鱼ߵʱҲֻĪӵĴæ֮ǰĪӸķУȱһؼøǣպ컯֮ʱ򣬳ɹܹһЩ
ûκε⿴Īڶ죬Ҳ޷ĪӶĶжĪ˵ʲôλ߾֪Լ⣬޷õ𰸡
ǣĪӡ˵ꡱλ߶ĪһȻҲû˵ʲôֱʧˡ
ŶԷ뿪ĪϻЦݣ̲;˵һͷȻȴűһ⡣
ĪӲһСˣҲԲһǳˣȥһҪôǷҪôѹͲеЩûӡ
ȻԷԸĪӺҲԼƳһѵı컯֮ļعͷμ컯֮Īܹǣ
ĪӵĶ̲;˻һۣȻ˴ҲЦŵһͷ֪ڸղţӦֻĪӵĻ
λղĴ뿪֮󣬽ʮʱȥûĴ⣬ĪǰЩȽ׽УЩʣҪʱȴĪֹˡ
գЩɺɾߣ΢һ£˴ŵӿʼԼ⡣
Щϵĸ⣬Щɺ⣬Ҫ򵥺;Ķˡ
вٵˣֱʳԼһɷͨʱ⣬֮յġ
Щ⣬ĪҲյȫգһһǽˣһʮʱ䣬ĪӴ󲿷ֵʱ䣬ڽЩȽǳԵ⡣
ȵʮ֮ЩΪϵ͵ɺɣ޲ðϢʱӳһЩǻвٵҪʡ
ЩȻûĪӽĴǻֶΣļգҪġ
ʮʱѹĪӼʼܿ쵽Ҿͷ֣һĪӽ֮УȻ˲ٺʵʵĶһЩֶͨΡ
ĪҲͨʮʱ䣬ЩɺɣʱȽϿЩֶΣԾڰ΢һ¡
˭ǴǸ׶ιģĪҲǵ˼Ҳǲ֪ЩֶΣΪĸҪڴ֮;ߵøãЩֶξͲȱ١
ʱ䵽Īӽĵڰ˸µʱ򣬻ˣΪͻƵԽԽ࣬ĪҲ΢һЩ˼ΧһС˵ΧţŨΪڳô˵ͻƣγʮɫΧеɾ
ʱתʮһ£ڱȽϿǰλõĺ棬վĪһȻתֱӾͷˣΪҲ˻׶Σûа취ˡ
ҲֱʱĪǰǰЩţڳ˼λʱûռݵġ
ۿʱͿҪˣʱҲûж˼עЩճλˣҪסʱ䣬ܷջ
ʱ䵽󣬴ԽⳡԽоⳡʱԽԽ졣
ڣĪһ֮ȫһ۾ҲٴγȻʧ֮УǴ֪νĽָоͱøǿˡ
ٶĲᣬⳡѾˣʱôһνѾܲˣҵջҲѾԼԤڡ
΢ȴʮȵ˶ѣȻһվضĪһͬʱ˵
лǰ֮
Īڷֱϣ΢΢ĵͷף˵˴νѾȿȥ
˵֮Īر˫ۣؿʼָԼĵķ
Щ˼״ٴζĪһȻʼ𽥵ɢȥ
ԭţǵɢȥܿʣǧЩĪӸտʼ׼ġ
˶׷뿪ˣλҲ׼뿪ֻ֮ǰŻĪӣмһĨɻ֮ɫѾˣĪΪλǷĵ̫أҪָĻԻصܲصû˰ɣ
ȻһЩɻ󣬵Ⲣʲôֵ£˿һ֮Ҳѹͷɻһ׷뿪ˡ


ھŰʮ ֱϣ
Ӧ뿪˺ܿ뿪ĲˣգʣµģǺĪйصˣΪߵģҲǼλɣΪߵ̲Ҳ뿪ˡ
ȵһɵ뿪ĪͻȻ˫ۣһ䣬֮ǰص֮еڣֳ֮ǰϡ
ν˵ѾˣǶǻûУʲôʣԾһһһΪǽ𡣡
Ī֮ǰûԼµĵӣкԼϵȽ׽ˣν;Ϣ֮ʱʳԵɻʱſڣôѯʸԵ⡣
ĪӵĻ֮ڳµЩˣΪĪǣ׼ΪǴɽǿĴɣ
ڳҲûпܿͰԼ˳Ҵ˲ֹһ⣬ĪҲһһˡ
ȵе֮ڳ˶оջԭǸո꽲ͨЩ⣬ĪһЩ֮󣬻ӡ֤֮£оջˡ
е÷ˣҲͨν֮ϵ򣬱øˣˣ֮;;ͬ顣
ɵУȻͬĵ·յĿ꣬Ϊ׷ڤڤ֮еĴܹĵط
Īɽ򸾣оͨǽӦһ顣
ûĪͻȻ¶ЦݣȻ󻺻ٴο˵
ڳλҵѣ֮У෱֮£˴ն̣еһպҲܶ࣬¸λ˽һЩ֮⣬һЩ
һ䣬Īµķֱ£ͻȻ˸˲ı⣬ɫı⣬ֲͬĵϣĪӵĵΧҫʮɫԵɷǺÿ
ĪһƬİΧ֮УҲһصɫʣͬʱҲøһЩ
̯âӷֱϣֱӷɵĪӵУȻֱһͼһѷɽ
ĪĿ⿴ǣȻ󿪿˵ǣ´ӣʳڣԼѣһϣȴȱ˼֣ˣⲢʲô¡
Ϊɣб֣ӦԴ󲿷Ϊʦմˮľͼǹ⽣ΪƷɱʱΪ㻤ãպòˣҲɴ͸µӣ
Ī˵ֿ꣬ɵǵǰ
лʦ
ֽӹȻվĪһ񣬻ظĪһɾʵЦݣͬůһ㣬ⱦӯӯĵҲȻ˴ҵĿ⡣
ĪӴ͸ʱڳˣʶĪӿҪÿ˶跨ĪܹóĶҲɱʱô󲿷ж
ڳҲһЩˣ΢Щԥ֪ӦӦýĪӸɱ
⼸Ƚԥˣȼɣ֣Ƚϻѡ
ȻĪӽ鲻Ҳ׵ôصĶɶºҲЩʣôЩˡ
оᣬĪٴ̯ƣĪӵУһͼһССĹȻĪӽĿתڡ
ûеĪӿڣھЦеվȻĪһ˵һ䡰лʦͱžͽ˫ſѾȴĪӽŵˡ
ˣҲݸĪϵЦҲŨһЩֱӽ׵
ƺͼԼһԱʱסϵķ٣Ѿ㹻ˣ
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Ī˵󣬽͵ȵվ׼лĪӵʱĪͻȻ̧֣гһŴ̵ı飬佻
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˿ѾĪ˵ĻεļԼС
ΪĪΪͣ۵һӣǴӼӣճΪʽӵġ
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ģĪӶĹһڴܹͬڽ֮Уһֱرģһ·ǰ
ȵ֮󣬾ֵˣĪٴ̯ƣâһͼһΧһȦССԲ飬ͷ·һǳŵһ
ʱͰ÷ۣƽº֮ȴ֮УұȽϵĵķ㣬մɽͼ֮ã챦֮ʱƳļ֮һܹƫ˵·֮ʱΪ㷢ʾüʱϣܹúʹã
ĪӶĳ˵ΪһͽﱲģĪҲǿģԶҲܹģԼƵļ챦֮еһ
лʦһעģӹ˱֣صĵ˵ͷĪ˵


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ƽʱʱһеǣЩͬ˵ĸоܶʱһľګһЩʱ̣ȴֳԼ㹻ĺ
ԼߵˣȴǷǳصģҲܹýȥǵĻһϣĪӸ÷۴һͷȻҲǵ÷Ĵͷ
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Īô֮У֮ǰѾõ˴ģܹٵõһ֮ϲ
ܹĪӳ֮ҲСȥȥջԻеϲ
֮ĪµЩӣʣһЩָСˣǣĪӵȻҲд裬ֻĶ֮ǰļˣԾͲ˲٣඼ֻƷɱѡ
ˣЩҲɺܸˣ֮ôˣȻҲ֪ɱѵãͬΪɣҲÿ˶Լɱģһһǿ֡
ԼµĵӶˣĪӾͰĿת˵ϣȵȻԼʦ÷
÷ƴ֮ǰĪоץס⣬һͼԼİѱ
СͼҲǷǳͼİѽԺСͼϣɾһɱʦɱֶη棬΢Щ㣬ӾͽСͼ׸ʦϣʦԺҪõ
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÷ڽʱ򣬾ѾоˣеͼͱַǳΣյĸо
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ĺ÷ѣĪҲܺãĪȻҲһУһս
֮հףֵʱհ״󷽷վϴЦ⣬׼Īӵ衣
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Īһ˵ţȵɵУһСӡԼһɳ©һɱ
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ĪĿתڳļλɣֱζͼˡ
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Īӿڳˣǿ˵ֱʱĪһεĽĽˡ
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Ī룬ûнֱ𣬾˵Ͽգֻɢı
ƵıûȫɢȥҲûʲôҪģԺиĵ֮ϣЩ綼õõʱͺã˵ȵԺеЩһܹҪأ


ھŰʮһ 
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ЩϢѾ֮ĸ壬˶΢һЩٶ
Īӵġ÷̵ʱڣΪ˼̡׵֮֮Ϊ㷺һĸֶѧϰһ
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ʵ˵֮֮ĸ壬ЩϣĪӾΪ컯棬Ļǵѹܹ΢СһЩ
ҪȻ֮ΨһĶߣﻹһ컯֮Ȼʵ컯棬ûа취ᲢۣĪڵĳ̶ֳϱ컯滹ҪǿϾǼλ컯棬ƽɲ֮顣
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ĪӱֳʵĸǲԸ⣬ҲҪϣĪӳɾ컯ĿԺܴ
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ĪӵĽкķֱ飬֮Уһֱ˴ʱ䣬ȶȲŽȥһ£ʱʱıἰΪһЩ飬ĪӷֳȥЩɱԽԽΪ֪
֮УԴǴν֮ĪӾҲû֮¶棬һֱʹԼĵ֮
ȻûкλߣҲԽԽٵˣǲԸֻԣʱĳһģĪӵ
ʵﵽ˶ߵĲΣҲ۵սԼΪĴ˵ټЩʱĳĪӵ֮бԽԽߡ
ҼһΪ𾴣ڶΪĪҲҪĴڣ̫ԶоЩ̫ʵˣϾŴɫʵˣܻ˸ооС
ֻǲǲоУÿһЩˣ·ĪӵĵʱԶԶǸĸյʱ򣬶оǳİġ
Ϊ֪סһĶߣ컯֮⣬֮ǿߡ
ƽٻ¶棬ǵȵȸʱĪӾͻĴߣЩȫȥ
綼ãĪʱ䣬ڼչأڴܹͻ컯磬ʵûж֪Īʱ䣬ʱʵ٣ľ磬չѾûжЧˡ
Ҫ飬ʵǸģڻ׶εڣúõĽѵһ٣εʱ뻹ܹҵ


ھŰʮ µڶ
Īһ裬еԼĵ֮Уһֻֻһöм¼һЩ֮ݣںĶš
ûֱʶһɨܷĶֱ˫ۿ͸еݣ䵱һĶҲ΢Щġ
֮ĪӲôóûԼصĵ伮ȴ˲٣Ķⲿ伮ҲûҪѧϰ֮˼ֻĿȫǼ˽⡣
Ҳδһ죬Īһʱʱ򣬿᳢ܻԼⷽ沢û̫Ȥ
һеĲ裬Īӽ豭ŵϣһһӣĿȴûκεת
Ķڵ֮Уһƿܵȫô۵ͱһεɢȻֱӻһӰص䵽˵ϣҳһӡ
ϣˣʦ˼ҪҪôذ
ܿ죬ҳӶӰһʹȻӵίĶĪӽе˲˭
ĪĻĿתƽĶ˵Ҫ첻ôΪʦҲòôˣ
仰һڣĪлһĨ֮ɫŴӵڣһЩˡ
Ϊ˻׶ΣĪӾͲ²ڻ׶Σ׻ʲôڵԸĪӲµܻܾʣû뵽Ļôࡣ
ԭҲһĴһλͬţһЩΪĸ֣˴սйһ£һڻ׶εı֣ʹȫͬ鷳֮µʧأŸ񾭳Щ
ϲŭֵϷŴ֮󣬾ͷ·һ˸һԭѵԸ䱾Ȼֵĳ嶯֮٣Īԭеλɣס״̬µڡ
λɴ߲ãͻȻͻһ汦ʲô棬ȥ׷궴ɽĵܡ
ΪıȽСͨƺ֮Уֱ绢λɣûܹס
󣬻ĪȥקģĪץסʱѾܵĵ̣׼ȥһλɾɡ
֮ĪӾͽڹ˵У׼ܳȥˣ֪ɳʲô
Ȼ󣬺ˣڳȥֻȴڵ֮вϵݡ
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ǳĪ֮⣬֮еˣȻʶģϵȽϺõˣŮİݶ
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ӵ֢֮״¼ˣڿʼһʱȽһʱʧأȻʧصʱУвµĻ
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Ҫ£һЩԾ˼룬һ۾ܹе⣬ɷڻ׶Σͻֵóһµ˼룬ȻĻô
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Īֻϣܹɹ׶Σһʵ̫ˣȻڶĪ˵־ܹѹʵڼܲס˷ˣԼЩʱľٶֳĻᱻĵġ
֪ԼĪӵǰֲôվԼϵĻҳȻתȥ֮ʱҲ˵һ
ߣҺܿӳȥģʦ͵ưɣ
ĪԣƳһıӰȻٴһֻ֣ÿдžһ֮һӰأڵģ
䵽ϵڣ÷ǳĵ䣬ϵı飬ֱҪȻ£ϵ˲˰ɫڵı飬ӲӪ˼ֱ˵ķΧ
ĪӣԴһ˿ʵ˵ʦ֪ңӹڵ֮У֪е࣬һƬƣӦ޾ģӦáأ
ڻû꣬;ͱĪӸˣȻĪֱӼ򵥴ֱĽ˻ȥȫûпϷ˼
ȵԼΧ徲ĪٴζԵĲ豭һڣѹסһ˿Ҫһĳ嶯
ˣ಻µʱ䣬⻹׶ҲˣʱҾͲΪˣҲԽˣĪаοԼ
ڵĪӿú£׶ξͻȥͻĪһڶɹ׶֮Žɾ緢棬Ϊɸ֣ĪӺϣʱ㵽
ʮ֮󣬻ͬλãĪߵȻһ裬ֻһ򣬲Īڵעȫڹעڡ
˼ʱ䣬ڶɹ˻׶ΣŽɾ緢棬һӴ˴Ԫƣ֮䣬ҲƵϸˡ
Ӧŵ֮Ϣ仯ĪͬʱĿҲעʱ䳤ӣҪڵһʱ俴ڴʱ䳤֮顣
ĪӺͻƵʱͻȥʱƺ΢Щһʱ䣬ϵϢ仯Ѿ䵽ȵףҪ׷ˡ
̺ÿһߣͻƽɵʱ򣬶ᾭһ̣Ҳһ
Ϣȵ֮󣬺ܿͿʼȻ󲻶ϵϣϵıø׳󣬽ﵽ˽ɾĽޡ
ĪҲʱ䳤֮Уһո飬ڷţҪͻʱ䳤ӵ۳⾳
ͻȻ֮䣬ɢϢȻһأ˺ðȶ
ˣ
Ī϶һĨЦݣĬĬĵ˵ͷȻ󻺻վ˶ڵĵģµĵڶɣڽ쵮ˡ


ھŰʮ ͳ챦
ڳɾͽɣĪµ֮УѾ˴ﵽ˽ɾ磬Ӵ˰Ԫƣ֮Ҳһλ֣ͬʱҲĪӵ£Ѿʽʦ
˽ɾ֮ĪҲûжٶָܹˣδĵ·ߣĪҲֻԵĸһЩָվҪ߳Լ·
ʦ˼ûбҪôŸ߰ɣ֮ǰֻڻ׶ΣһЩ΢Ƶѣܵ˵˴ţҵҲѾˣˣ˼Ǻαأ
ոΪﵽɾڣվĪӵĵ⣬תĪӵĵЩЦõĿڽе
ͻƽɾĵ죬ŸոչסͻƵΪû뵽һˣֱӱĪӵ棬Իôãȥɢɢġ
˽Լʦģ֪ĪǶЩˣԸɴֱӽ˳ԭȻ֮ǰڻ׶εʱЩƵ顣
ЩҲоԼʱǺܻƣʱԼڻ׶Σûа취ԼʱǾԲ˵ġ
˵ʱĪӷĲᣬԼѾͻƽˣˣĪȫûбҪڰߡ
ȥúɢɢģǧŻҪȻΪʦ⼸˳ˣһƣ
ڵ⺰꣬ĪӵͽŴ˵ĻһӾͿ˺
ҡҡͷֻεĿڵʦ˼ұأӾͳȥɢɢģǰˣʲôʱˣ˼ˣʱٻ
˵֮ڶŵһȻת粽˿ռ֮Уʧˡ
ĪӸϳⱾʦͽ֮һСЦҪκεĽ黳ڵԸĪӲò˼죬ԼҲ뿪ġ
ڴϵʱϲܣ֮ͬˣ֮ϷǳĴǰΪ·ٶȱȽԼΪ̫ܹ֮ͣȥĵط̫࣬Ϊ˽ɾ磬ȥĵطͱȽ϶ˡ
뿪ڵ֮еĪҡҡͷǵһĨЦɫܿƽ
ǰƣĪĸоЩҲʱʱһƽķ뷨ԲôİߣڲˣһܹڵˣҲ˼Ȥ
վΪѾ˽ɾ磬ٽҲˣҪԼĵ·ҲҪԼߡ
Լµӣ񶼴ﵽ˽ɾ磬ĪǵĵģѾ˴롣
ķſһԼ˼ĪûмЩֻһطȥҲûĶʲô伮֮ģı˫ۣϢֺڻʲô
ڶһ磬Īӵ֮еļˣһʼһϵΣĪҲʱ䣬ʼԼΡ
ʵһʲôΣûʲôãΪûʲôĪȻϰߣûŵ£һ㶼Ρ
ν֮ĪӼһµ֮еļˣȻǸԹѧĶԼͻȻ
̧ͷһ۵Ͽյķֱ£ĪͻȻһȻ΢΢֣Ͽյķֱϣ⣬ĪбֱһͨСľƣһͬô۵Ĺ׹һöһЩĽָ
ĪӵʱƳȽļ֮Уе
ľֻǷѣ׹ֻﵽĳ̶ȣָһƷߵɱĪѾ
Ҫ˵ĵȼĻ֮ϣʵЩˣڴϻǿǵǸãͨɱﻹҪ
ƳˣȻҪʹĪӴ͸ҵʵˡ
Ȼﶼ֮ϸһʵˣһܺõѡ񣬶ڲٵ˵δҪ챦ΪƷ׵ȷ̫ˣ¶ãҲ̫ӡ
ԣĪ׼ȥϿȥ÷֮Уûкʵѡвĵӣ챦͸ˣϾˮ
÷ûкʵӣҲûкʵĵصӵĻĪӾʹҼǱܴģԲˣһԵ
Īӵ뷨ˣҲ׼챦ֱһͻصɽ
ɽ÷ۣû̫ı仯ЩͬϾڵ÷ۣǱŵģƺҪںݵڣϾڿ÷۵ķ֧
ĪӻصϢģûоκˣֱ÷ԣУɽϵĪѾ˽ˡ
÷ͬһ죬ɽϣΪ۵Ĵڡ
ĪߵһªķݣһлϤӣûзʲô仯ҲɵøеС
ߵ÷ԣĪƴ÷ϣתڵķʼ÷Ǻܾöûˡ
Īӵ÷΢ҡҷţͷ·ڱԼϲһ
÷ĳ̶ȣҪƾ÷۵ЩûгɵĵӣǿҪµĻۣܹܹȵĪڵ
ԭվ˺һӣ뼸ʱȥˣɽ÷۵ĵҲв٣Īվȴûһǰţȫû߿뷨գǾԲܵ顣
ʱ֮ɫİĪջش÷ϵƣɫø÷пʼǣҪҪ÷Ե֮ȥ
ɽȻһֱ÷ĻЩӰ죬Խѡ񣬲ҪŲˣҲ̫á
ڿţĪͻȻһŲȻתͷͿһһۣķ۵СͯСŴ̨
ĪӿСͯɵЩϡ棬վôãһֱţȻĪӵֶΣ˵ʲôֶΣҲӦò˹˲ŶԣСͯƫƫ˹
ŵ۵Сͯһֱܵ÷ǰſվĪӣȻæͣ˽ŲĪӲ̫׼ĹӿǳĿɰ
ֻ֮죬֪ӦγƺĪˣλûмҲ֪ǵڼӡ
ĪӿǰСͯϸĴһ£Ȼ΢΢ĶӣڵֱӳƺΪʦɣʲô֣
ʦӽҶСͯЩŵ˵
ţҶҼסˣμ棬ΪһСϣԺܹټ㣡Īһ˵ţһóһöָָϹһӣȻҶĲϣͷȻųԼһϢ


ھŰʮ 컯
ĪӷųԼϢȻҪ÷۵ĵǴкԼһˣкûҲЩ̫á
ҪҶСͯĪӷܲһ㣬츳ò˵һĵطЩ⣬Īӵǰھʲôĵطڻ˵õȵٴһЩ֪
Ϊ÷۵ĵӣʣپһúõĽ̵ϲҪȱݣôҶδ
ĪڷųԼϢ֮󣬺÷ļӼһ棬ԼݣҸҶʱȽ⣬Ǻúõ
ڴ֮ĪҲûжô뿪ˣȻûãĪӾͳڣûٴΣϴε࣬仯ͬҲ
ĪֱҵԼƵǸ׹˶ԷԼӦʹãǽʵĵӣԼöԡ
ڽڣĪȻһЩ֮£İô࣬͵һɣϣһֱܹ
Ī뿪֮е챦ֻʣһľƣҲ˵Ϊһһ
ֻܹľ𵽷ǳõЧõĺõĻԲļܻǿһЩ
Ī뽫һɢ޵һľԲɢޡ
÷ɢ޳ԵĪʼѧϰЩɢ֮УıȽϹ㷺ͬҲǳʵá
ҵһľɢޣǳļ򵥣ҪҵһľԲģ͵úúõѡһ¡
ĪӲżƵĴ߿ȥЩԼ֮ǰûȥĴϵݸţһźʵѡм䣬Īҵ˼ӣûмŰѶǣֻǼǵϢ׼۲һ£ȹ۲һЩ֮پӦðݻԵ˭
ʱһΣ͵֮ĪӵӰһƬǳصĵط
ߣһƬûκεֲȫ¶ĻΧĿռ䣬ˮһ㣬ʱʱŤζһ£оЩ̫ʵ
Īӵ󿴣󼸰׵ĵطȫָоˣǳŲľǣлŲٵռҲȶ
ĿռƬԵò̫ʵĿռ֮䣬һǳĽޣЩ÷ǳõĲľĹ˳
Īһǰţһ߸ſռŤѹͬʱҲϸϸţĳַǳı仯
ƬظոյķΧԿռ仹̫ȶҲ޷κε棬ΪһЩģﶼɥ
Īµʱ䣬߹Լûе徳еĵطƬ󷽣ҲǴصıԵش
ϸһ֮ĪҲûиоŴص죬жôҪ˵ˣһλɣܹ͸е
ˣÿĶѾˣڣӦȥǼСһˣһ䣬ĪӶҲʧȥȤֱӾ뿪ˡ
뿪֮ǰĪӵĿһƳһۣ΢΢һĨЦݡ
ȵĪӵӰʧ֮Ӱһۣһ˿ڵ
ǶߣҶ˹ȻͱˣдĪǰڱչͻ컯磬ڿƺЩʵ
վֻǴԶѣĶߣ˼˭ܹµ׼һ˵
˵֮ӰʧֻǽĪӳϢݸŵˣֽϢͥ
ʱĪӣѾʱ䣬עļǳɢ޵ߣǰˡ
⼸ɢ޾һʱĹ۲죬мԣĪӴ㽫⼸ĶЯһ£ȻеľֻһЩĺôкβɣ
ڿɽĹ֮УĪӻһݵˣһɢޣԼҹ֮ɢޱԼЩѹסƢʱŻָԼıĿһľƸȻƮȻȥ
ȵ뿪֮Ǹɢ޲ͻȻʶһԵλ׽Ūǰˣ׽Ū֮󣬻һľơ
͵ľƣĻϲĲ鿴ʱϵЦȴͻȻסˣΪ֣ľƾȻֻһɵдʧ
ˣǰ׵õһ뻹һƷõ֮УֵܹһЩǮ
ôοԼʶ̽УмƣȻϵıٴαˡ
⣬ǣٵƵķ

һѾ̽ǰ˶֮УĪԸɢԼĵ֮ȻԽ̵һŵ˾㵵Ŀ֮Уֱ黯ʧ
ǵȵĪʧֹ֮һʱ䣬ʶ֮ǰ˶ĻԵҲʶ˵жôҪ
򽭽ϣĪװһˮʿһŮ޾ڶԷ֮ǰĪ΢չ¶һЩΪȻ͸λŮһƳõķ
⼸Լ۲֮ǱǳɢһЩô֮Īڴϴһʱ䣬ִ˼ŹĿƪ䰲һЩطָ߲һЩԵ
Щ飬ĪӾͻصԼĵ
صԼĪӣڼʱͻȻ֮䷢֣ԼȻѾһЩҪͻƵ컯ס
һԼʱΪĪӺܿͷ˳׵ԭΪԼǣңȫ׵ˡ
֮ǰʼĪӾͿʼһЩԼǣҵ飬ǽԼµĵܹٵʵ֮ǷֱԼѣµĵӣ֮ʱԱ֮
Ϊﵽɾ磬ԼѾʦпִܻɵˣɾ˵ӦҲ̫⡣
Լ˺ѣѾƵİţԼķ֮ǽͬҲԱǣʦ÷еͼǺܲһ㡣
һԼƵ챦Ҳ˺ʵˣȻΪǰˣ˺һЩЯ߲һЩԵ˳ǰڴûпĵطҲȥһ顣
һ£ĪӸоԼƺѾû̫źǣˣ鶼Ѿ׵ʣµԼҲȫǰˣϾԼѣԼĵӣԼҲ֧е
ڵĪӣ㲻ǣ޹ңѾõһУ֪Լûа취ٹܸˣȻͷһЩȻҲ͸컯ˡ
ǣ޹ңҲȷûʲôõȵˣȻˣǲ˳ƶΪɣܹͻ컯磬ӽҲܹΪˣҲܹ컯棬֮һķ羰
Լͻ컯ףĪ׼˳ƶΪĿʼչأ컯緢档


ھŰʮ 컯ϣ
ĪӾĿʼչأ컯緢棬Ϊ֮ǰڴ¶棬ȴòٵΪλ嶥Ĵߣڻû컯緢棬ڴĴơ
ԴˣҲֻǿֶѣĪӵĴڣֻҪڳ֮壬һĪ
ĪµڣʱոͻƵɾ磬˿Ĵ˵ʱ̿ʼĴҴܣһ߳Ľڶʱڣͱȵ
ĪӵСռУĪָԼֳһƬΪԼıչس֮ˣΪ˽ԼָӰ쵽Сռ֮УеĶ
ĪһԤУԼһαչأܹɹͻƵĻôֳܻܴһʱ˼ɲˣСռ֮еĶȫΪԼıչضٵ
˵СռЩҩĪҲǺۣЩҲǼֵƣСһÿ쾫ĴģĻٵĻҲЩϧˡ
ԴͻƵ׿ʼĪӱ컯緢档
Ϊ컯Ī֮ǰѾ֪ˣڼ컯֮󣬶ԼĴ𰸣Īӱøӿ϶ˡ
֪ʲô컯Ҫͻ컯磬ȴһ򵥵飬ĪѾףҲͬˡ
˼ҪͻƵ֮һͱмѭˣڿԼҵ
ʼչس컯磬Īĵһ飬Լչص֮ȴǽԼʱ䣬ջΪĲϣó˼ȻԼм
ĪôĿģΪԪ«м͵ĵʮ׵ĳͣԼҲýᣬѾмѭͻףøԡ
Ԫ«е֮ʱԼķԼڴ߾е·֮УܹٵȡýĪ֮ǰѾõ顣
һҲԤϵԪ«֮УʱķΪڵ˴߾֮󣬽ٶȾͱ÷ǳĿ죬Ӵ߾ڣߵľ磬;ûöá
ڣĪ׼һµʱķԼܹڱȽ϶̵ʱ䣬ܿʼ컯磬һ
ûгεĵʮѾɵĲˣĪӿʼµķ֮͵ٶøˡ
֮ǰľĪӼ⼸µķٶȺܿ죬ϵĲϻû֮ǰѾԼĿģͨµķԪ«֮У˵ʮ
͵һ̣Īڶ⣬͸¶һ֮ĵϣϵϢҲ˲䷢˱仯øĥˡ
ĪʱҲ˲ϻûмɵķɫķ˫֮䣬Ȼ˫Ȼ֮һӲĽһڼķֱӸ룬ͬѾ뵽һֽƣҲһֱƻˣûɼķ᲻ͻȻ֮䱬ˡ
ֽķӵһԣĪ£˵ʶ뵽ʶ֮Уϸϸ֮ĵϣ׼ץסʱѾףʼ컯硣
ʶ뵽ʶ֮кĪӺܿ뵽һַǳƽ״̬֮Уеһ״̬֮Уܿʧˡ
Īʶǳѣƺǳʣ֪Լڳ컯ƺͻȻ֮䣬ͻ컯磬ûʲôˣֻǸӦüǰߣ˶ѡ
㱼䣬ĪͻȻԼһССС·ϣ·ǳխֻԼһͨ·ԣȻһƬɫȴҲʲô֣һ£ҲᷢһоﶼȽʣͬ￴һ㣬С
СڵС·ϣĪӷԼƺѾߵ·ľͷǰߣһϣ֪ж񣬵Էǳļ̡
ͷźһۣĪӷԼ߹ĵ·ǱȽϿԽ·Խ
ĪӻعͷǰסԼϣԥǰһӺֱӵͼǰŲϸоȴͬɽһ㣬Ժ
Īƽ״̬ڽӴ֮ͻȻͱˣһ̿ʼع飬Ӱ쵽ǡ
ͬɽһĪƴȫҪŲŲܵ׼ǰŲһ£ֻһҲԣܹ˵Լܹǰϡ
Īƴȫ֮󣬵ǰϣȻıˣĪǰĽŲ΢ƵһЩ
ϿʼˣĪԺȴͻȻһ棬һСͯһ׵һλϵĴ£䵱ɵĽ̲ģһѧϰϵݣһ߶֡
֮еλϵĪӵʦ÷棬Īɽ֮÷տʼ̵ʱĳ
ǸʱΪ׵ʱѧϰģлŷǳȤָоҲһӿͷ·ǻصǸʱ
ƴȫĪٴǰһΣԺ֮гֵĻ棬ܹ붨ܵΧʱҲǰ󣬵춨ܹôߵһĻ
ڣĪַ·¾һǸʱֻǰ֮УΪĻ棬ܹоֻǾ̾ڵȴܹеõĶʱһ̵飬˿һ顣
ǰһһĪиĻ棬ʱƿеĴţӴ˾һˣܹʩչһЩ
Ļ棬ʼѧϰһʱȻǵһ˶Ŀ÷˴ܣʦͽҹһ̸֮ΪͻƵ꾳硭
һƵǰߣĪӸоԼÿһҪƴȫ޷ǰϡ
һǰߣĵ·֮Ум̵ĳһĻĻг֣һ飬һԼеĸоĪֶ¾һΡ
Щļ䣬һǰУȫһԼľΪԼԴѧеĶ뵽һõ֮УͬһųĹʵҪӡ
ĪѾףҪԼǰϣҪҪľֻƴȫĸ֣ÿһҪƴȫһ֮ģһּᶨƵ֮ġ
ʶ״̬֮һǰĪӲ֪Լ˶ٲоڴ;УԼʱû̫߳ԶԼǰϣҲֻԼǰһ·ûнƣԼʹ֮䣬ɴһ
Ҫһȵһϣﵽܹﵽľͷǿһʱ


ھŰʮ 컯£
ʶһϣĪӼϵǰУԺֳ֮Ļ棬ѾԽԽڵԼˡ
󣬵ĪԺиֳԼԼСռУʶԻڴ֮;ϣһϣϵǰʱͺĪصһǰϣҲںƵλãĲôصˡ
Ȼ֮䣬ĪֻоǰһɣԼŵϣƺƵ˿մȻֱǰȥƴȫĪӣʶҲ·䡣
ĹУĪӸоԼһϤĵطǾѾüεʱ䳤ӣѾǲͷĩβʱ䳤ӵĺˮˡ
Īڵλúʱ䳤ӵĸ߿գʶ·һ˲䣬ܿܿʱ䳤ڣȻţܿܿһ飬ʱ䳤ӵĸ
Ǿ飬ʱ䳤ӵĺӵףͬɳһ㣬ֻô飬Ưʱ䳤ӵϷͬһſǳһ㣬ɢŽ⣬͸¶һ˿⾳
ĪӿٵһɨЩͬǳһ㣬Ʈʱ䳤Ϸ֮УѸٵҵǿԼġ
ʵҲȫòѰңΪ֮ϵʱʶ׹䣬Զľ鿿£
ڿ£ԼһԵʱĪӵʶֱ뵽Լǿ֮Уԭλþʱ䳤Ϸߵ飬Īӵʶ뵽֮ĪӵͿʼϷȥܿʹһޣ뿪ʱ䳤֮С
Īʶڣһͬ뿪ʱ䳤ӵһ̣֮䣬ڴʱ˱仯
һǿϢͻȻ֮أ֮ڵˮľڴʱͻȻ֮÷ԾҲø
Ҫ컯磬Īӣ
һӦǿϢ֮ĸ֣˲ͷӦ·ʲô£ҵһʱ䣬ͽĪӡ
Ϊ֮ΨһһλߣʸһģʱҲֻĪһѣǻԾˮľͬҲ֤һ㡣
ˮľۣ֮ĵطγһ档
һƬޱˮ򣬸߼ʣޱˮ룬һɫʵһĲĸϷһǳ
һ֮󣬽֮ĵطˮˮλʼǣɽľҲøïʢɽ֮УֻΪԭһЩǱȻϻǿǽƯ
ٻţľҹ֮䶼һƬƬޱˮԼ֮Ӧ
ԼеĪӣһ˫ۣеīȿٳȻͱѸٵĶֱӳ֮С
ɫīȣ˿Եܺպգڳ֮īͨתһɫĹâȻˮľݻٴǰգݺݵľһҡ
ĪܹĸоԼʹ֮һϣԼǰ֮УʶһһֱƳʱһҲñþһ˿ʵԣ·һϣȴŽĪӽơ
īȵһ֣Ѿ컯֮īȣһҵ֮к֮Ϊ֮һһͬһƣѸٵĴǰ֮УΧӿ
Ȼͬһӿƣһ֮󣬾ȻܿͿʼ޸Īӷڶ֮ǰƾѾ޸͸ղûκεı仯ˡ
һĻ䵽֮ĸУвɵøеѹ޴
ɾ컯磬ƺԽԽˣĪ컯֣֮Ȼڵһ֮£ûƿʹ֮ɹĽ컯硣
Īڶûڵһ֮³ɹôȵǿһʱ򣬳ɹﵽ컯ĿԣС֮С
ĪһɣҲףɾ컯һҪƿѶȣԼ֮ǰԤƵĻҪ󣬽ƾīȣȻųɹĿܣǻЩ̫գһγĻᣬĪӲװ׵˷ѣԣҪڵڶεʱ򣬾һƿʹ֮ɾ컯磬ܹһЩ
ٵĽ̯Ԫ«ͼĪӵһţҲ֮С
ͼֱ֮չһƵӣԪ«ֱ뵽֮Уһεͼֵӣģ֮ǰδУīȣͬҲ뵽֮С
Īǿһͬһٴƺʹ֮ڹעŵЩ֣һĻҲɵͷһ
īȺԪ«뵽ͼкǹģǰδеӣûбøӺƴ󣬷΢΢СһЩ
ΪСһЩӣ̺һء
Ŀע£ӿʼٵķӨ͸ˮһˮϵתţľǰ֮УⲻϽתŵӵ룬īɫĹâ֡
䣡
һ޴·Ǵ𣬽ţҷ·һֵȻǽɾϵǿߣ͸о֮Ĺֿʼϸ΢ı仯ˡ
ʣĪѾһʹ֮䣬û˿ôӽ
ڶḶ֮́ڶ֣Ҳ֮ǲʹ֮ľҵĻζҳѷ죬īȺݺݵҵ׵ĽһϴƣԪ«ҲһЧ
ʹ֮ϱˣĪȴûдﵽ컯磬Ϊһûɡ
˲䣬Ѿʱ䳤ӵ飬Īӵʶһع飬ȻĪӵһУ뵽һŽڴںͲ֮ĵһֳһͶӰ
ĪӴӱչصСռվ˫ͬʱ΢΢̧𣬾ͷ·һһȻԼǰͶȥ
ŵĶöֳһͶӰͶȥķ򣬾ѾԼڤڤеĴ
öͶӰ֮УҲ൱ĪӵһУֻһͶӰʱҪľͶӰ
컯棬Ƕʵ֮⣬Ҫľһ˺ʹ֮֮󣬽뵽֮С
룬Ҫֲܹ׵ɥʧңԾҪһöԼһеõͶӰӴܹʹͨ˽һʶŽ컯磬֮Ϊ
öõĵ뵽ڤڤеĴеʱ򣬽һ˲䣬Īȫڵ⣬ɢһ֮ĵϣ˵Ϣһֲֿٶ˶ߵĽޣﵽ컯ĳ̶ȡ
ĪҲһ̣оĵԼǰչ֮ԼǰһţһԼܹ͸ˡ


ھŰʮ ̫
ÿһߣ϶һߣΪ˶и˵Ĵ𰸣Ϊÿһͬ׷
ĪȻҲԼڴĶԼԼڴ֪ڣվ˴ԱߣӴڤڤ֮У֮ĴʱĪֻоһдİļ򵥶ָӵġ
Ȼ֮䣬Īһֻһ仰ɵҲǺҲΪ䱾޳ģϣûһܹеϡ
ԣڴǡһ仰ǰ˾֪ġ¾еĿƪһ仰
Ҳһ仰޷֮ӦΪģҲΪ򵥵ġ
֮Ĵ֮УĪӸоԼ·£ֻǹȥ˶̶̵һ˲ѣһ˲䣬ͷ·һ
һ˲֮Īӳ׵Ľ컯ľ磬˴ڶ⣬Ѿһɱ䣬ڻ˿ĪӣͻÿڵĪӣǿ˴һ㡣
Īһ˲ɱ֮֮䣬ͻȻ֮һŨŨ֮֮е飬һ̶оǳ
ӸղſʼһֱڵƬޱˮ󣬴˿̲ûʧǱøʵˡ
Ƭޱˮ򣬾ͷ·Ƭصһ㣬ܹе鿴оȴ޷
ޱˮˮ棬˿ԵĲ⣬΢紵Ƭޱˮ΢΢һЩ
ˮ֮пκε飬ֻĲͬһŶص·֧硣
Ƭˮ֮ҲҪκε飬һŲһƺѾˣһòѾױ
Ƭޱˮһò·Ҳ΢طһЩҶذڶǻ졣
ͷϵǳһЩҶļ϶֮Уͷ·ǲص÷ǳصĹʵÿҶһ̣ЩɬƵļȫò
һ棬ûʲô̫رģǿÿһ飬Եĸоһִĵ׶ľףǷԲޱˮڶҶĲ֮ǳΣȴһֱŵ΢磬Щ򵥵Ķȴ·һ޵á
ио׵ͬʱÿһ飬ҲͬоԼľ飬·𱻳׵ϴһΡ
Щڴ˿ȫһɨգһЩĶҲ·Բˮ棬һƬޱˮ֮УձƬˮ⣬Ȼòϡ
е鶼ʱͻȻ֮ҷ֣Ƭޱˮϣһˡ
üĿ㣬ǳĿʣϸǴһͶصϢһɫȣһޱˮš
ĳַǳȻ·Ӧ֮УʹͻȻ˵Ұ֮ڣҲñ˸е˿ͻأ
һˮϣˮƽأֻÿνŲȥĵطˮϻ΢΢ĵһȦϵԶɢ
ؼĿ⣬һȫۼ˵ϣһǰϵؿǿò
Ĳٶȴһ㶼ʮ֮䣬ѾߵǿòԱߡ
ĽŲ̧ͣͷòĶˣȻƴòϡ
ԭɫͬһĲƴϵʱɢɫĹâұԽԽ
ɫĹâѾ͸棬֮ӣŻЩ飬һ̸о˿˿Ƶ⣬ԼȫӣоǳһЩ飬ıĿ
գ֮䣬ɫĹâˣһֱʮʱ䣬â˽ļ
ʱһƽȴ·̺һ˴ĵ׸еηĻ֮ĶС
ΪĪӣճɾ컯š̫
һɫĹâܿͱԽԽֱ󳹵׵ʧ
ٴοƬޱˮĻ͸ղŲֻ࣬ƬޱˮǱøˣҪ˶ãƬޱˮҲʧ
˵ĿٴξۼѾջƵĵˣʱ򻺻תĿ·ЩԼܿܿ΢΢ϻسһ˿Цݡ
泹׵ıãֱȫʧУĻ棬Ǹվڲ֮£Լ΢Цˡ
һʧؼУͻȻһȻʧ֮Уûг̫ãȻͿʼ
֮ʮһλ컯浮ˣһֵûȸԾ飬ֻ壬Ҳͬˡ
ؼΨһһλĪӣ˳ĳɾ͵컯Ǿ˵ԺӦҲ֮飬Ҳζţ֮ĸ壬ѹСࡣ
ûĪλߣȻһλ컯棬սϣвСˣڶһεսϣ֮»ָƽ⡣
飬ֻһЩ΢һ£ʱû飬Ϊһλ컯棬ʱ֮飬ǹע¡
Ϊһ߶еˣһڼֱ˵ϲ
Īӣ嵽ڣѾλ컯棬֮壬ⷽ涼˶ûа취ȡ
˵컯һ²֮飬컯Ĵڣȴܹ֤Զᱻ׵ĸϾɱ
⣬Ѿλ컯棬ȵԺܹٶλô컯棬δزܹ֮顣
ЩǶ֮ˣ£ΪĪͻȻ̤뵽컯磬֮ˣĪ̤컯֮жǳĲƽ
ڤУ÷ڣ֮һַǳĳ÷ȫԼ󣬺Լ֮㵸ͬʱϵ
³һλ컯棬컯컯
ͬڤ֮УհԼڣжһƣңңضŸ߿һȻ˵
Ī֣ϲˣɾ컯磬´μ㣬ҪƺΪ̫ˣ̫ͦʺģ
÷հףĪɽʱ˳˿֮⣬ֻʣˡ
ǣȻ֪컯ʲôȫû뵽ԼĶӣгһջΪһλ컯棬Ӵ֮ܵܿܿĤݡ
̫棡
̧ͷŸ߿ǸƵǳһĪζĪӳɵˣȸо⣬־һкΨһĶߣʸɾ컯ˣһҲûʲôþȵġ
ʲôĻΨһ⣬ֻܾ̫ˣЩԷӦˡ


ھŰʮ ĵ
Ī컯磬˵Լ֮˶ΪĪӹϲҲˣҪΪĪӹϲ
ĪӵĵӺ֮⣬׼ϲʵࡣ
ã֮ǰѾԤϵˣαչأпܻһ㣬ԵȦһƬطЩСռеҩľҪˣ
ΧѾһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ĪвɵͬʱһѾΪ޵Ŀռ䣬ʼָܿͻָˡ
ΧĿռ䣬뵽컯ʱΪܲסѹͻȻ֮һƬޣҲĪӻռûгױҪ˵ˣƬСռ䶼᳹׵ʧġ
ΧĿռ޸ĪӾ߳Сռ䣬ոһڵ֮еĪӵǰųֵĪӹ
ӹϲʦʦΪ̤뵽컯磬ɾ컯棡
ڶĪӹϲʱϵּ֮ɫǳԣǰδеġ
ǰĪӺüΪͻƣõԼĵӵĹϲ֮ǰֻǵΪĪӸˣһΣǾпϲˡ
һλ컯ĳ֣ޱҪ壬ĪӵĵͳУӴҲĸ֮һˣŵĳƺõȫܹڴŵ֮ˡ
ȥ׼һЩˮһҪ˻в٣ҪˣĪӶ˵ͷȻֱӷԸ˵֮ĪӾԼеͤȥ
һһĪӲòҲ֪֪˭
Ҫķʲôʱ˼ڤڤ֮е֮ĸоѾһС
֮ĸоΪ컯֮ѾһַǳĪҪ֪ģֻҪһ鶼ܹ֪ЩĪйص飬ĪԼûйעҲἰʱ֪ͱ˵ҪϲԼļˡ
˺ܿ׼˼裬͵Īڵͤӣոս⼸»ûãˡ
ȹˣĪӺ̲ϯӦڼĪ̲֮Цſ˵
̫棬ϲɵ
仰˵ֻ̲֮ͷһ̣Ц΢ôһЩ
ϲ̫ɵ
ԵϯӦҲŶĪһͬʱ˵
λϲңףԸ£ȴ̫⣬ϾҲֻһλѳܹӭͷϣĪӿǰ̲ϯӦһк£һ߿˵
̲ϯӦԣҡҡͷȻ̲˵̫Ϊﵽ컯磬ȻǳԽҵȣⲢǼ⣬Ƕ컯أ֮·ϵߵأ
̲˵꣬ԵϯӦһۣȻЩɵĿڵѾͻ컯磬ָ֪ܷһһЩΪͻ컯ĵã
˵仰Ī΢Цŵ˵ͷȻ󿪿˵Ȼûʲôò˽ģҿԸǽһͻ컯ĵã΢һȣ滹Ҫȵ˶ˣΪһͬ⣡
Ī˵꣬ĿƲһ۵⣬ȻֻعͷϵĲ豭һڣֽŻصϣٴЦſڵ
Ͼˣ
Īӻһ䣬ߵ̲ϯӦѾо˼ϤϢѾ뵽˵УʱͿվһЩߡ
һˣͷһǾڵ޵ˣһûй
⼸λߵͤǰĪӣŲվȻͬʱĪһȻڵ
Ȱݼ̫棡
λĪӿ⼸ˣеľ˵㣬Ȼſ˵
С֮ͤУһֻĸˣڳĶǴߣټĪʳ¯컯棬ôһСС鷳ֱҪ̫򵥡
ȵ֮ĪŻĿڵλѵ⣬ضͬģҪ֪һЩͻ컯ĵãҲûʲôɲ˽ģҾλѽһ£ǷãλѻԼʵжϡ
ĪҪԼĵãڳĸλһΣ׼ĪӵĽ⣬ǽĿģ˹ϲĪ֮⣬ҪϣܹһЩָ㡣
ľ飬ͻƵ컯ĸ֣֮ͣ˶ãܿͻھ֮УԼһأȻӴ˻Ͳ¶ˡ
ҪĪӣͱץסʱ䣬Īû뿪֮ǰĪһЩͻ컯ĵá
֮Ϊ컯̫ڵɵ֮ǰʵѾ컯İ˵úˣԶںΪ컯ҲͲλ׸ˣ
ͻ컯磬Ҹ˶ԣǶһЩԵģһвܹô˳λպ컯磬ʵҲûбҪңΪֻҪΪ˶ߵĳ̶ȣһЩ³ʹӦ֪ͻƵ컯ľˡ
ҪǰһЩ׼λڴﵽ˶ߵĳ̶֮󣬲ŽԼһнзΪô֮еľյһ֮ͨģȵȶС
ĪӶǰļߣϸĽԼĵãʵоҲû̫ɽģΪ˺ʵľ֮ȻȻľ֪·ôߣΪǰĵ·ѾԽԽխˣֻһѡķ򣬻Щʱܹ塣
ĪӵĽ⣬ǰ⼸λߣһȴ÷ǳ棬ֻо̲ȻҲţüͷȴѾ
Ī˵Լĵ̲֮;˵üͷչжһĨʧ֮ɫ
ע⵽еʧ֮ɫĪӷж˸߿һۡ
̲ʵҪ˵ĵ·ǺʵģԼĵ·߾ˣĪӵĵᣬͶûжã벻νĵĿġ
ɾ컯ѶȣҪ̲һЩȴϣ컯ģ̫صĴУھѾ̫ԼĶ˸Ѿͻ̫صĴУеĵ
ڳЩ֮У̲֮⣬ߣҲΪɫϯӦȻҲǴߣĿǰ绹Ƚϵͣ컯ûԶ
ĪõһЩͻ컯ĵãЩлĪ֮󣬾׼뿪ˡ
֮ǰ̲Ų䵽󣬿һξ룬ҪĪ˵ЩʲôûڣĪӾͶҡҡͷȻЦſڵ
ͼ㣬īȣͲˣһ컯֮ҶǷҲܰµġ
岹û컯֮Ķ̰壬Լ취ɣ컯֮İ취Ѿ̸ˣΪıһʱ䣬ͻƵߵĲⲻԱҵīȣҲҪԷ̱֮䣬컯ˣ
Ī˵꣬ͶϵĲ豭ĻһΣ˼Ƕ˲Ϳˡ
̲ԣĺһҲ¶һĨЦݣȻת뿪ˡ


ھŰʮ ̫
λǰһĵ֮Ǻڵĵӣͷ׷׻ص˵ϲԼʦɹ̤뵽컯С
ΪӣʱҪΪܿǽΪܹĪӼĻˡ
λᣬ֪ʲôʱĪӾͻ뿪죬Ȼ󿪱Լһ죬컯һӴҲ֮¶ˡ
ĪҲϧǶʱԵȵµӶ֮󣬽ԼҪ飬Լûü̵ǵĶ⼸ʱ䣬ȫһԵǡ
һתۣʱ͵Īӳɾ컯֮ĵھ죬һ죬Ī̫ûȫ֮ǰеĵӣһԼĵ֮УһΣȵ̫һ̣θոսĪӾͶ˵֮еͤӴ·ڵȴʲô
ǺڵˣҲʶĪӣ΢һ㲻̫ԾܿԼʦܹ֮ͣӣϾҪˡ
һҲ綼ϵˣĪܹ֮ͣ죬ʱѾܳˣ컯棬Ѿܲˡ
˵ˣĪǴӴ˲֮¶棬ҲĪӲһֱעǣɾ컯һ£ֵñ˵顣
ڵ֮ͤУĪӿ߸ոĳһǰƾճֻ豭ĪóԼ֪ʲôʱյɲ裬Ȼֶһץһϼ뵽УȻһΪƮֻ豭Ϸ
ţϼͬһ㣬Ų豭֮µϸ꣬ɫҲǵɫģһһ˿ȵϢ
ĪӿŻעˮ裬һӣ豭ϷϼʧΡ
ҲʱĪӸоΧʱգȫһ־ֹ״̬ΨһģԼڵͤӣΪԼڵĹϵûܵӰ졣
ڵ֮еǣҲ뵽һʱ侲ֹ״̬е˶˼άҲת
ⲢһʱĶֶΣʱͣʱ䣬һȥ¶ʱ侲ֹ״̬
ΧһĻĪӻվվͤӵǰȻ󿪿ڵ
̫׵Ȼˣ˵
Īӻ䣬Ϳӵ⣬߽һϤӰԼ֮ǰ̫죬λ̫׵档
ֻԼ󷨣ǰûκεã谭ľͱԷˣҲΪĪӵĵڶ˵𾴣Բûֱӽ
ϲ̫ѣڳɾ컯ϲɺأ
̫׵滺ߵĪӵǰĪ΢΢һȻ󿪿˵
л̫׵棬õ湧ϲ̫׵ǰӦߴȥһصİɣĪӶ̫׵滹һȻ΢ЦŲһƣ̸֮ͤ
̫׵ĵĪ⼸ʵһֱڴţԴһ̫̫׵棬ͶԷݵĽӴ֮Īоͻɻϣܹõһ𰸡
ƾ֮ǰĪӣҪ̽ЩĴ𰸣»΢ЩѵģĪӣѾʸ֪ЩĴˣÿԺ̫׵Щ⡣
˽֮ͤ£̫׵濴һ۰ǰĲ豭ȻĪһۣ豭һڣû˵
ĪӼ״ҲϵĲ豭һڣͬʱע̫׵档
һμ̫׵ʱĪӾûпԷòΪѾﵽ컯磬ĪӷԼȻЩ
ⲢΪ˴֮ΪϵĲµģΪԷĴڱƺûһȷݣܹоԷǳʲôӵģǾЩ
˴˶һеĲ̫֮׵˲豭ſĪ˵
ǰ̫ѣĿصҲǳȥԼһأȻʱҪ֮飬̫ӦвٵҪҰɣ˵ܹģһѣ
ĪԷô˵ɫĿֱ̫׵棬Ȼ󻺻ؿʵ
ҵ̫׵֪һĻʲô˼
⣬ĪӼ̫׵֪֮һ⣬ΪϵԼԭ򣬻һЩ顣
Īʳ⣬̫׵˿е⣬ΪϴμĪ֮˵ǷĪӾͱض⡣
̫⣬ҿΪѽҲܴеǣڵѵϣûʲôı֣Ӳ˵еĻǾֻϣܹմﵽ컯磬һıƾԼѾˣ
̫׵ǿĪ˵һ䣬֮ԴһЩ֮⣬Ȼż˵
̫磬һأҲΪҵԭ򣡡
˵仰ʱ̫׵ֿĪЦһ£˵ѱԭһ⻤֮£ӽⷽ磬ǡɷ˵ѣ˳㽫ѽ˴˷磬ô˷˵ѣȻ͵ѽֻأ
ĵѣҪһܹ磬˷磬ҲҪܹµĶ˵ĵ˴˻ݻϵǱԭģҲܹõ뵽˷֮УʲôԾͰ˵һѣӵ˷Ϊûаˣ
˵ϴκ͵˵Щֻϵ˼ѣѾɾ컯пܵĻ˵гһգܻصԭȥ
̫׵˵ֶ꣬ϵĲ豭ڴһڣǸĪһЩʱ䣬Īһ¸ղ˵ݡ
̫׵ĻĪЩ˽ԼΪܹ˳磬˵ԭˡ
첻⻤ԼܹԼڻ֮겻𣬿ɾ첻ԼһƬµ磬Ҫ룬ҲҪһ۵ģԼӡǣӡ뵽ʱ䳡֮Уһ⡣
Ī·֮󣬴ûⷽ⣬Լͺͱһǳ˳ԭһж̫׵İæ
Էĺ仰˵ĻЩҪһʴ˼пܵĻ˵гһաЩͳ˲ȷԣƺЩʲôݣûжԼ
Ī˼ת֮䣬̾뵽޾գǺԼӡ֮еĻȷʵЩٽ϶Է˵ĻܶԷûжԼ˵һЩ飬ͺ޾йذɡ
뵽ĪӾ̴ɰʵˣԼΪѾ컯磬֮飬Լ˴ѵʱȥ̽޾գԼ컯ΪʲôĻԼҲֵᷢġ
ԭˣл̫׵˵֮ˣΪܹ˷磬ԭǵл̫׵ˣпٵ˼һ֮ĪӶ̫׵һ񣬸лԷԼ硣


ھŰʮ ǰ;·
Ī̫֮׵ԭأ󷽷һ
Īӽ˷磬Ī뵽˷֮УĪΪѾ컯磬ڴ˷֮УõĪĺôһȻܵá
һĪ̫׵ٴο˵
ܵһ񣬾͵ǵѸлˣ˷磬ܹôͻƵ컯磬ҲǶԼԵ֪ڻк⣿
Ī΢һ£Ȼٴοʵ֪Ϊе컯棬ȫڿԼ֮󣬾Ͳٲ֮ˣ
⣬ĪԼеʣ֮飬֪Ĵ𰸡
֮սѾãѵóһλ컯棬ͨȴ֮飬ֻΪܶõ߲ʵں˵ͨ
̫ɵ֮ǰ˵һ΢ƽ⣬˵̫κһ壬ԳȻ⣬Щ̫ԸϲɵʱľƣûвЩȵ̫һɵʱ򣬾γһƽ⡣
̫ɵ˵ЩͲͨˣһ컯ϣռ˺ܴƣȻûжʲôĪھ֪Ĵ𰸣̫λ컯ԭ򣬻ʲôɡ
øλ컯ĵѲҪ֮飬ȷҵȶĹء
ʱصʱ̫̫һλѴս֮ʱΪλֹͣͻҵղŶأϾ컯ļλѣȫս֮£ⷽأҲЩܲסػ֮ܿܿǾͶˣ
֮£ҵȷ֣컯ĸֲ֣֮ݻȻøӶʷḻ˵ҵȲ֣֮ķչؾͱ
֮⣬ȷԭһ㲻ڴ˴ϸ˵ȵѿԼһ֮Ϊһʱ䣬ĸߵЩ
̫׵ٴκܸɴĻشĪӵ⣬ֻһһһЩû˵ס
Ī΢΢˵ͷ̫׵˵Ĵǿܹܡ
𰸺֮ǰԼʱ򣬶ЩģĸԲҪ΢һЩǵһЩû˵ĪӾãЩ˵ݣĹؼ
̫׵棬컯֮ʲô磿ĪʳһԼ⡣
Īӵ⣬̫׵΢΢Ĭһ£Ȼ󻺻ؿ³һ仰
컯֮û·ˣ
Ī𰸣ͻȻ֮һ˵Ϣһ˲ҡ
ЩԼ仰޼˵֮·Ӧһͷ·µ컯磬ѾվڴǰˣƺҲӦǰ·ɡ
ܶԷĴ𰸲ԼҪģĪȴ˵һ䷴Ļô޼Ĵ֮ĪҲЩ˵
ΪͻƵ컯⼸죬ĪѾϤ컯磬Ըоһַ·ǰ·ĸоͻ컯֮Ԫ«ٴγӶҲûҵ·
֮·ߵ컯һƺѾĵ˾ͷ컯棬Ϊ֮ĺѾϵĴˡ
ζԼѾõˣĪȴһ㶼ϣԼߵһһӺʧȥ׷ķ򣬼Ҳû塣
һĪƽһԼ飬Ŀٴο̫׵棬ְѸղŵһ顣
컯֮·𣿡
һΣĪӱȸղŻҪ棬˫۽ض̫׵棬Źһ˿һı仯
ĪĿע֮У̫׵һûֱش𣬶ǿ˵̫Ѵﵽ컯缸գҲѾоҸղԷ飬пҲҵûҵһķ򣬴ޱߣѽ£˵ܹҳһ·ѿ˷
⻰ǰοĪӿ̫׵棬ԷƺǻлһЩε˼΢Щޡ
ᵽ˷ĪӾǴ˵֮еġСޡλȻһֻȻ֮С
԰˷磬˵λ컯磬λ񣬻һξ룬ô˵ǰ·أֻûҵȷĵ·ˣĪ
˵仰̫֮׵ͻվͬʱлڼ˵Ż
ҵȳɵ֮ˣֱ񣬻ûҵһ·ѾһЩĵã֮ȵѿԼһ֮ٺúõġ
ѣĿľѾ쿪ԼһأҲش˵ѵһЩ⣬ʲôĻǾ͵һʰɣõʱԺĵѼǸʱԸشĲֹһվ͸ˣ
̫׵˵꣬ٴ΢΢ĪҲվһ񣬿̫׵תŵȥ֮䣬ѾӰ
ȵԷʧ֮ĪӸоΧĿռ䣬ʱٻָԭڵ֮æµǵˣҲŸղŵĶмûƬ̵ĳɣҲû˷֣һλ컯
عͷĪӻ߻֮ͤУصԼղŵλϣȻ˼ղź̫׵֮ĶԻ
ԷĪ˶Է⣬ܹشģԷѾشˣʣһЩ̫˵ݣڻûиҲԼˣĪӿԼһ֮󣬾ͻںʵʱĪӡ
ͨͶԷĽ̸ĪеһЩʵõ˽𣬶õĴ𰸣֮ǰԼĲЩ̫һƺûôӡ
λ컯ĵ治֮˵£Ȼ̫µĹأһѾȷˣ˵컯֮ǰ;·飬λⷽصĴڣѾķˡ
̫׵ĻҲ˵Ĳû컯֮󣬸μǰȷһܴ⡣
ĪΪȫ֪ٸһˣ鱦Ԫ«γʱķĪӵİҲ΢΢ġ
̫׵Ҳ˵ˣɵôãҲûҵǰķ˵ܹǰҪҵ·Ҳһǳѵ顣
ǰ;գһ˵Ϊĵ£ûǰĿܣǲһ˾ɥ¡
Īͤ˼ãȵعʱʱѾ쵽ˣ̧ͷһյĽĪŵȥ
̫׵涼ѾԵˣĪҲû˶ʱ䣬ܹˣʱȥԼһأȻȥĸλ컯ˡ
Ӻ̫׵Ľ̸УҲᵽȵԼһ֮ЩŻԼڸðٵ鶼ѾٵĲˣȻˣҲûбҪȴˣĪӾڽ죬ȥԼһأȻȥλ컯棬˽һЩԼ֪顣


ھŰʮһ ̫
λ컯濪Լһأ̫ڤ֮£̫ڲ֪ʲôط⣬˼ھڿٵģⷽ棬ĪӲ׼һ⣬ҲѡھпԼһ졣
˳ĪӿԼһأֱϷ˳һǰճɵȺ˳еġ
Ϸһ죬ÿԸ컯̫죬ٵ̫ţ֮е˵ҲȽϰȫ
ĵϷĪյ̫֮Ŀռ϶
طһĴܹͨ֮ļ϶ͷǳСĴڣѹͲϣκε鵽е飬ܹһصߣҲ
ĪĵطģҪСĿռ֮УٳԼһأܹʲôӣҪֶˡ
ͬΪ컯棬ٵһضǷǳֵĪӵʱٵһر˵Ĳ񲻾ԵĪӲ컯档
ĪȻ̫ЩҲΪ⣬컯ǰԶڽԼһƬأĪﻹǱȽġ
̯īȳĪӵУ֮С϶֮УĪīȣǰһ㡣
īȵĶˣһɫĹâͬĲһ㣬ǰȥϵǰ죬ҲϵĽռ伷
ĪӶûͣ£īȣºԼصһ¡
ɫĹâīȵĵϵſռļ϶ĪӿٳһƬܹʩչĿռ䡣
ȵٳĿռ㹻ˣĪһĨ⣬еīɢһ֮ĵϣҸһɫĹâ
ĪԼճֻ֣ǰĿռһȻռͱһ϶ţռ϶֮УһЩҺɫ޾֮УǴŶԵĻ֮
ֻһССĿռ϶Īӵȡ֮£ССĿռ϶֮Уܿ˴Ļ֮ʼƬոձĿռ϶
ȵ֮ˣĪƱǰĿռѷϻ޲Ȼһֱеīȣڱǰӳͬʱһ

һɫĹâƬ˶Ի֮Ŀռ䣬һѿٵصȻƬռ϶УƿһƬµء
еĶԻ֮ȫ뵽Ƭ֮УƬƿأҲһֲֿٶ
ƬصڲжԵĻ֮˵ػˮ磬ʼƬ֮ŰͬʱҲΪǵĴڣݻһЩ
ĪӿһĻһ֮Уеīȣֱӱ˳ȥһƬص룬ڼƬصķΧͬʱīȻѹסŰĵػˮ硣
īȵѹ£ػˮֹܿͣŰҽȶʼγƬռĳʼ
ĪӿЩػˮγɵĻвô⣬ҪݻȥƬԼٵأȻѷɫλ濪ٵأҲûʲô̫㣬ҪԼЩ̫ϲ
ǺĪֱ֣׼Լ̡
һѹԭҪγɵĹأһ붼ѹóȥʣµһС룬ҲȻ֮飬˻С״̫С顣
Ҳѹ˴֮Уѹ˸ĵطֻȵļûӿĻᡣ
Ƭ֮еˮۼһĪӵһƬصˮԴԴԴϵˮĪӽֱӷ˵صףƬ֮УͿʼԴԴϵˮʼڴϳ֡
ٶһֱȥиʱ䣬ԴԴϵˮܹش󲿷ֵĵطٶȲĪ˵Ȼûʱȼ뷨οҲҪȡ
óԪ«Ԫ«򿪣̺峺ˮԴԴϵشԪ«֮ӿ䵽֮󣬿ٵĽû
գƬϣһƬˮֻǵһЩСȽķֲ֮ĸдС״̫
ʱīȲأƺҲﵽһ޶ȣټˡ
ĪӸоһ㣬֣ī˻
ĿɨѾȶأĪӿһۿյգִԪ«Уȡ˴ŵˮЩˮ֮СţƬص֮ϣ䲼óһ󷨡
Ϊﵽ컯֮ĪҪһ΢һЩ󷨣ͬҲ÷ǳļ򵥣Ҫʱ۷ģȥһ󷨵Ľڵ㣬ֻҪԼһһоܹ
ϵЩˮ۶ɵһСˮţɢ΢Ĺ⣬ͷ·һſŹ֮еǳܺõױƬصա
ķƬأ·ˮϴƬƬƬԵ÷ǳİֻǻ΢һ
ĪٴδԪ«֮ȡһһöӲӵĹʵɢһبŲĵϡ
öʵλĶԬ̵ͨӶ֮µһöʵ
Ԭ飬öʵϣûʲôģöʵ͸һöĹʵˡ
ĪסöӲӵĹʵϳһޱĵϣͬʱ޾Уӿ뵽öʵ֮ڡ
˿ĪӸ˵ĸоͷ·ڲٿ֮УֻҪԸ⣬Ըһж䱾ʲô
Ĵݶ֮£ĪеöʵѸٵľͷ˱仯ʼһöӲӵĹʵΪһСС硣
ڹʵΪ֮ĪӾֱӽС磬ӵ˸ղīڵĵط
ӴޱˮԭСС磬ۿɼٶȣĿʼһ׳ʼޱߺ֮иӣС
ҲޱȵĴ׳ͬһƽϵȥҪ񷣬䱾بŲĵϣǸһּ᲻ɴ֮С
˾ò·Ǵ˸ղŵīȣе֧صΡ
ģĲҲൽ˼ޣƽɫʱҲʼת䣬ǲɫȥȡ֮ľһɫ͸¶һ˿ɫ
ƬأΪòĴڣ˲Ҳһ
ĪĿٴ֮ɨһۣоԼƬأڿ˳۵Ķˡ
ٴһӣһƬɫŨŨ֮΢Ĵ£ƬصÿһطЩޱˮƯһϣ΢紵һƬľһ츲ǣƬԵøȻˡ
ʼһֱһƬޱˮĪڰһƬˡ


ھŰʮ ټ̫
Ī˺̵ܶʱ䣬Լ̫Ŀ٣ֻ֮ĪһˣûΪⲢûʲôҪ
տʼʱĪʵǴϣǿԼ̵ͷ뻹Ƿˡ
ΪûʲôÿģֻҪΪˣǵʱȻܹҲûбҪѧϰʲô
̫쿪٣ζţĪӽܻһʱ䣬컯һ֮¶ˡ
ͬʱҲζţһκ̫׵潻̸ЩԷûиԼݣӦþܹѯʶԷˡ
ƬԼٳأĪӷ֣Ƭؿ֮ԼƺӦĳֱ仯йأҲԼЩϵ
ָоǳ΢ϸϸоĻпܽԵĪȴһʱĸֱ仯
̫׵淴ǿЩֻԼԼأܹԼеԭ򣬺ܾܿͺֱ仯йأȻѾоһ㣬Ǿÿ˳̽һ¡
Ҳû̫ı仯ֻǴ˷һأ΢һЩӦѣ
ϸϸƬ̣Īȴɵüͷ
ûз֣Լٵһ֮󣬵ЩһģΨһܹоģֻطǳı仯
ƾԼ컯磬Ѿ˴֮ǰΪĪҲԼӦ
˼һ£Īʱ˼̽뷨׼̫׵֮󣬿Լ˵Щʲô
ԼһѾٳˣĪӽûлصȥ¿ٵ̫죬ȴ̫׵ĳֻ֣컯ԼӴ
һȣǼʱȥˣٳԼһصϢҲ֮䴫ˡ
ߺΪˣԼֶһλ컯棬ȻӴ˿Ҳ¶ˣȻζʵԽԽǿˣҲԽԽȹˡ
ĸҲܸˣĪλѹͷһʱĴɽʱˣȻɽİߣΪϵĻѹֻʱÿѹˡ
Ӵ֮֮ĸ壬ٴû˶ߣʵ»صһƽĽ׶Σ֮⣬ǵѹһӾСˡ
¿ٵ̫죬Źȥ̶̼ʱ䣬ѾһЩˣ￴˿˵ﰲ仧˽һߵĻҲǺõġ
ڿ̫Ļ֮Щɢ޳ˣһﰲ仧뷨Ҫ̫֮а仧õ˼ҵͬ⣬˵Īӱ˵ͬˣҲõõµĵӵͬɣʱû˸ﰲҡ
ĪӿЩЩһֱûֻڰпš
̫찲仧ĪӵǺܽ⣬˵ǱȽƫԼµĵӣϣǴԼĵͳˣ̫찲仧˵ĻǾԺ˵ɡ
ʱȥĪӵĵȴûа׷ѣ̫׵棬һγǰ
̫Ƭأ֮Ϊϣܺã̫̫׵棬ڵһǿ̫졣
̫׵ˣĪӱȽǫĻһ䡣
̫ѼȻѾٳԼһƬأô֮ǰûиߵѵһЩ飬ҲԸߵˣڴ֮ǰȴ̫ȥļλѰɣʱЩҲȽϺ˵
̫׵沢û˵̫׵Ļһֱ֮ӾͿżɽ˵
Ҫĵʶһ£ĪӵͷȻ΢Ц˵
λ컯ĵ֮УĪӺ̫̫򽻵Ƚ϶ֻ࣬˳ɵ֮󣬾ûôĪڻǣԼĸλ컯棬˽һЩ컯ƽʱЩʲô
һڸ֮ʱĪӾѾоˣٸ컯棬Ǵ඼ԼһУڴ˷硣
ɵ֮⼸죬Լٵ̫ڣĪӾ͸ȷһˣ컯棬ȷٵڣǵһЩͷڹע֮ľƱ仯
µֻһͷĪ⼸ûмźǴкǵȴ̫׵ٴεڣĪڿԸ̫׵棬һȥĵѣҲҪ֪Լ֪ˡ
̫׵ߣ뿪̫֮󣬽ֱ뿪˴˷磬޾֮С
֮ǰĪҲԼ̫ڣԼһԪͷԼʱ۲صı仯
һĪԼʼû뵽ߵ̫׵רһ䣬Ȼôġ
һƬҺڵ޾գĪӲеκε⣬λ컯治֮ڣĿԾ޾֮У֮ؼĸСߵĿʵЩ̫Сˡ
̫׵ڵ֮󣬲ûĸߣתĪʵ̫ѣȼһλѣ
ѵλѲһ𣿡Īԣ̷һ䡣
ȻǣλѶڲͬķ򡣡̫׵ش
ȥ̫ѰɣĪ룬Ȼ󿪿˵
Ǿ߰ɣ̫׵ԣ˵ͷʹĪһ
λ컯ٶȣȻǷǳģ޾֮У֮һ𣬾κεĵط޾֮ǰٶҲɲ
ƾ˵ٶȣҪ˶೤ʱ䣬֮ĸǶԵ޾֮ǰкܳʱ䣬ĪӺ̫׵ɻǰ˿ûͣ˼
޾յжǷ޾ģǰеĺһ֮Ī̲סߵ̫׵ʵ
޺еĽϣȻ޾ģվûĽϣԻоͷģ̫׵Īӻش
𰸣ɵĪ뵽һЩܻûе֪Ĵ𰸣ǶƬ޾գȴѾһЩ롣
ֹ˺ܳʱ䣬ĪӺ̫׵˵ٶҲζѾҪ̫ˡ
ĪѾо̫ĵϣĿ⴩ĶԻ֮ҲܹԷˡ
ȵĪӽӽʱƺһƬڵ̫飬ǰƯһͬڶһĺɫС
һͬڶһĺɫУ̺һܹĨһеԽһʵĴֱĨɱ䳹׵ʧ
һźɫиǰڶεıݣĪܹоĴڣȴ
̫ͨƺҪĨһεıݣǺû
о˵ٽ̫תͷĿֱ䵽ĪӵϣȻϳһĨЦݣĪӿڵ
û뵽ôܹﵽ컯ˣӦóƺһ̫ˣ񣡡
һ˵̫꣬黹ĶĪһ
ĪӼ״Ҳһ񣬿̫˵Ҳܹƺһˣ̫񣡡
һһЦûйĺѣ˴кͺá


ھŰʮ ޾
̫ٴ򵥵Ĵһк֮󣬽Ӧˡ
ĪӿһǱ߲תĺڶ΢һ£Ȼ󿪿ʵ
ǣ
Īӵʣ̫鿴һߵ̫׵棬ƺû˵˼Ǳ㿪ڽ͵
ոճɵһЩ̫׵滹ûи㣬ȻˣҾΪһ°ɣ
̫˵꣬ǸڲתĺڶʧˣȻĪӸоΧԵĻ֮һεȻ̫Ƶ˵
ΪҲ컯磬Щ鲻ҪͣҲܹףŵҲѾоΪڴﵽ컯֮󣬾ЩҲǰĵ·˰ɣ
Īԣ΢΢˵ͷĿ⿴̫飬ʾ˵
ҵߣµ컯磬ҲȻҪ׷ߵľ磬λǴ˷ĴѾ˵컯֮ϣһŸߵľ硣
Ȼ컯֮ϣŸߵľ磬ôҵΪﵽ컯֮ˣȻҪȥ׷ľ硣
Ī̫˵Ѿ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
컯֮󣬻Ҫ׷ߵľ磬һ˵һǳ飬Ϊﵽ컯֮󣬾ͷ·Ǵﵽһ컨壬Ҳǰĵ·ˣŸߵľģΪ޷ߵľ磿
̫ɵʱ磬Ҳʼ뵽ģЩǲ֮¶棬֮飬ƽʱæµ¡
̫齫˵һԵ̫׵ʱ˵
ҳɵʱ磬Ҳ̽ͻ컯취ˣʮ̽ץסôһ˿ؼ
֮;׷ڤڤ֮еĴΣ޼ӦûоͷģҵΪﵽ컯磬ȴƫƫѾ˴ͶӰѾ뵽˴֮С
ҾͿʼ룬ҵΪﵽ컯ˣǲĽӴ˴᲻ҵȵĵ·ߴˣֻ컯ӴĴͲĴһֻҵȵ·ƫ˶ѣ
Һλһ˼ãҲֶΣ˶ε֤˶ε֤֮ڷֵĴ𰸣Īĵ֤ʵ𰸣
̫׵滰˵ĿĪӣ֮дһ˿
Īע⵽񣬵ȴ˿ɫΪܸоԷûж⣬ֻΪһЩ飬ԿԼĿűҲżѯʣϾͻһ͡
Īһ̫֮׵ͽż˵ҵȶ֪˷λģλľ磬ܾܿ컯֮ϵľ磬ôλ컯֮ϵĴǰڵĵط޾գ޾֮ĵطĴѾˣǾ޾֮ĵطҲ̫ĵط
Ȼ޾֮⣬Ŀռ䣬޾գȻͲ֮ͬĿռˣӦλһƬռ䣬ͬӴĴֻ޾պʹ˷֮еĴĴ
̫׵潫⼸仰˵꣬ͲٿˣĻĪӣʱȴޱȵĸӡ
̫̫׵˵ʵԣΪһ޾յʱ򣬾Ѿ޾ղһЩɻ󣬶ΧԵֻ֮Ҳ÷ǳ⡣
ԭĪӣŻĴڣ֮еĻ֮ûΧЩ֮ô˳
֮һ·˳˳ˮֻ˼ʱ䣬ʹһ鷲֮컯棬ǰǸ񻰴˵֮УЩҪɵõˣʱһǳǧܹ꣬ﵽһ߶ȵģ£֪ٸԪᡣ
һ·ŸֻԵİҲ̫һЩ
һа̫׵˵ôһĽˡ
޾գͬҲλ׷ĴʵҲλĴܹﵽĸ߶ȣҲ컯ˡ
޾֮еĻ֮Ϊ˵ĳԣҲ͵õ˴𰸣޷Ļ磬޾սһ㣬ܹ֮뵽޾֮УǾһιˣû֮˳ҳ˶ԡ
пֶԵĻ֮Ƭ޾Լġ
Ī˼һУĿֿһ۸ղ̫ʩչͨƺҪĨһƬϵĵطȻͻȻƣָ֮ϣ̽һɫ磬Ǹȥ
û֮ܵĸоĪָһ磬ɵľʹ̽˹ȥûܵκȫоϵĴڡ
Īӵ̫һԿڽ͵޾յıԵҪӴһԵϣĪѵһЩУʩչʵһ϶޷
컯µΪڴ˴ȫҲֱӴﴩȥȻ󵽴޾֮еһظٴΣһֱ޾֮У
Ī̫Ľͣ΢΢˵ͷȻĿת̫׵棬ٴζʵ
ô˵дﵽ컯ĵѣڶ޾֮УҵĿģҪƬ޾գȻ׷ߵľ𣿡
̫ô⣬Ҳԣ̫׵ԣڻشĻشٴγĪӵϡ
˻ĪӸæ׷ʵ
ղ̫ѵΪ̫ӦҲѾˣе컯ĵѣȷǳ޾֮Уͼ޾յϡ
޾յϣܷ컯֮ĵ·ʣһǲ֪֮ôĿģΪֹ޾յĲӻĻ𣡡
̫׵ĻӳһöذըĪȻһ
޾Īû뵽ԼȻõһ𰸡
޾һֱһ㻹ǰҵȲŷֵģҲΪ̽컯֮ĵ·ŵԷһ㡣
Դӷ޾֮ҵȴ󲿷ʱ޾֮Уϵ޾յȴûʲô̫õİ취ܹ޾գվһ죬޾ջûڵ磡
Ҫ޾գڵϵѵҲ֪ܷ㹻ɹֽһЩ
̫׵˵꣬ĪӸղŴǵϿһȻ˵ڣĪҪҪȥĵѣֱӴٶȻһЩõĻֱܻӵĳλѵߣ
һ̫׵棬Щ֮ǰһֱûиң˵ҪҿԼһ֮Ȼܹңʲôԭ򣿡
Ī̫׵Ļûѡӽʳһ⡣
Щ飬̫׵֮ǰҪԼ֮ȻŸĪӴղŵĻش֮Уûеõôԭ򣬶һ㣬ȷЩɻϣõһ𰸡


ھŰʮ ̫һ
Īʳ֮󣬲̫׵棬һԵ̫飬ɫͻȻ
˿Īӣһ֮󣬻ǶĪӽ
õѿԼһأȻٸЩеȻģѿԺú룬Ϊ컯֮ں֮£ѲŻ䣿
ĪԼĴ𰸣Щʲô
һ˵Ϊ̤뵽ɾʱѾܹϣԪƣͬʱʵԣҲѱɱˣ͸Ҫ˵ߣ컯ˡ
߾ǿߣ֮ЩһЩ컯棬ȴûһλġ
̤뵽컯еʱʱ䳤֮е飬´ʱ䳤֮а˳һĶȫڵ֮УͶӰ뵽֮ڣӵͨʵԹ͸Ӳױɱˡ
ң컯磬ֻҪʣһƲл꣬һƲпܺܿĻָ͸Աɱˡ
̫׵Լ⣬Ȼ˵컯ĸ֣жôѱɵ飬ڸĪһ顣
Ȼ컯ĸ֣Ѿ˲ױɱˣôΪܻ컯֮ϵλҪɵȻӵѡ
ˣ˴˷λǲѾ׵ˣ⣬»Ҫһʺţ
Īʳ⣬ȿԼһأȻٸЩϢйأǾֻ˵λ˷Ĵеһ˫Ļûг׵š
һµأܾһµص֮ʱ뵽ԭ֮УĹı仯סЩϢ̽顣
ĪӲ֪ԼµĶԲԣǸ˵˼봫ݸԼϢӦþ
ٵ˼һ֮Īûټʣʹֹסˣ⣬Ǿ͵һʱ䣬ʰɣĪҲе⣬ȫѯ̫׵档
ĪӺ̫׵̫һк˽Ųǰһһεϣʧ̫ǰ
ĪӺ̫׵ʧ̫һվһЩĪı仯Ŀⶢ￴һӣգָֻ
ĪӳɵǶһεˣ£
ͷ̫黺̧˫֣˫֮䣬źɫһ𣬻һתŵУΧĻ֮ϵУֱĨɾһƣǸɫǰȥ
ɫз·һεϣڱȥ֮ͬոĪӼ̫ʱһͼĨǰεϡ
ĪӺ̫׵ǲ֮˾ͳ޾в֪Ӧ˵һλ컯úܹܽĸоԷϢ
ӶԷϵϢУĪӸоһɷ񵽼µĽ⣬ɽ⣬ΧĻ֮ҲȾˣԭԵĻ֮תΪơ
˵ĪӾ֪ԼԶλһλ컯ˣܹģֻ̫һˡ
ûʲôԥģĪ̫һķȥԽĪӸоΧַĽԽǿΧĻ֮ڵһΧ֮ȫˣȡ֮ģֻΧĽ
Īڿһʱ򣬶ܹо·ΧһѰԼϷĻȻ˲Լ˸оܲ
ʱĪӿһµӰһӵĳǰӽ
һ£ûй¶һ˿һϢеȫڽ֮ϣּµķ񣬱ɱ⣬˸оΣպëȻ
һǰεϣһĽۣһĻĪӣвɵһݡ
Ǵܹ˵̫һʵԳ̫飬̫ͨƺûʲôã̫һһȴε֮½ۣȻܿˣѾˡ
ĪӺ̫׵߽ոջӿһ̫һҲջеǰѹӵĳתͷ߹ˣûеĪӺ̫׿ڣ̫һֱӿڵ
̫һˣ
˵꣬Ī˵ͷȻԵñȽȴûʲô⡣
ĪӼˣҲ̻һ񣬡̫̫һ𣡡
λ̫һĪӷֶԷòֻͨͨѣݣȴһֱܿЩĮȴһֺܿɿĸо
λΨһ컯棬ƺû֮ôദҲ֮е΢Щ죬ǳ벢̫
̫һѣ̫ѸոճɵҴλѣ˳ΪһЩɻ󣡡̫׵ʱҲڲһ䡣
̫һԣĿ䵽̫׵ϣһ˫֮ͫУһĨս⣬ϵϢҲһ֡
̫׵濴̫һЦſڵô̫һҴһ㲻绻һ֣̫Ѿͺܲ
̫׵仰˵̫һϵϢƽȻûٿڣֻǾôĬĬעˣƺȴ˵Щʲô
ĪӽǺ̫һһμ棬ͬΪ壬ܹݲ٣Щ飬ȻʺϽ˵Ҳûڡ
Ĭվһ̫׵ͿڵһҪȥļλѣǾȲ̫һˣ
˵꣬ʹĪ뿪ˣ޾֮У½컯棬Ҷ޾֮еĸͷøԵֶΣһεϡ
ĪһһļЩ컯棬ʶһ£ÿ˵òĪӴ˶˽⣬Ϊ̫һֱڵ֮У컯棬ҲȫˣɵģĪӻҼǵӡ
֪޾֮˶ãĪŽе˶ʶһ飬в̫û޾֮Уһֱ֮ڡ
̫ѣҲѡ޾֮еһ򣬳ſܷƿ޾յһεϣ²ܣҲܹӻ޾ĽŲΪ˽һЩףȻ㲻ԸĻҵҲǿֻϣѲҪ֮ͺã
ʶ˼е컯̫֮׵Ҳ׼ˣ֮ǰĪ
Īԣ˵ͷ˵Ϊ˴˽飬ȻԸ⾡һЩౡֻ֮ǸλΪβۼһ𣬴ұ˴ͬЭ޾յϣ֮ǰһʧܹңŻӦûһЩɣ
鲻ô򵥵ģ̫ٵȵȰɣȵ컯ĵٶһ㣬ҵȺӦþܹ޾յϡ̫׵͵˵ֱ֮뿪ˡ
뿪̫׵棬ĪӾܻһЩûеõ𣬵ȴûнסԷ˼Ѿ˽˲ٵĶҲʶ˸λ컯棬һЩ٣ĪӵȥԼ֤һ¡
⣬ĪҪԼȥļһЩ컯棬˵̫̫һǣȡ֤һЩ飬⿪Լʣµʡ


ھŰʮ 컯ʵ
޾յһͷĪīȣǰݺݵĻ䡣
īɫĹâݻ֮ĵϣͬһѿٵصһ㣬ݺݵĳǴεϡ
ΧĶԻ֮ɫĹâֱ֮ӱƿˣһ˲䣬һĵͻ
Ȼ·ܹٵһɫâڴǲεϵʱ򣬽ȴǱӲײˣĪīȵ֣оһֺǿķ
ȻƿεϣĪӿԼһ֮һεϣƺһǳǳĺۼڿٵʧвĸ̾
ֹε֮ǰĪӾѾ뵽ѶȻܴҲ⣬ֽȻľͽˡ
֮£̫һʱεϵʱһƺҪԼղһǿһЩԷһµĺۼͱԼĺۼҪ
컯棬ĥһϵֶҲǿƺдҲͬȲ̫һһ
ͬΪ컯磬ƺǰ·ˣĪӼ컯ĵ֮󣬻Ǻ֪λ컯ĵ棬֮ʵ໹ǺԵġ
е컯֮УҪ˵ʵǿһλôʣ̫е̫׵档
ĪӺͶԷڼ棬϶ԷһЩ֣Լ˶̬ȣ˵һЩ飬Աһ㡣
̫׵ƺе컯У̫⣬еһʱȥӴĪӣĪʶе컯棬̫һʱӿֳս⣬ҲҪ֮һսͷ
̫׵ĪӣĪܹ磬ǶĽ֮ǰĪֻǵõ𰸾͹ˣ˽⵽޾һϵļ֮ĪӾͷе⡣
һε˼̣̫׵ʲôֶΣܹԼһ֮⣬硣
ٳ޾տܺͻͨĵطܵĻǾֻпǶԷܹݵĴǲεϣпܽԼ
ȥĻ̫׵ʵ൱Ӧе컯֮УΪʵǿߡ
̫׵֮⣬̫λʵҲǳǿȻһȵ̫һ棬̫һȴԲ˿ѷɫ
̫֮󣬽ʵǿӦþ̫һΪ̫һΪ̫ЩģȴܹӳԼʵսƾһ㣬ʵӦܹ̫֮µĵһλ
̫֮ˣλɵʱ̫һһЩȻδ̫һĶֶ֣֮ȴǳĹ죬˷ʤ
Īӵʱ̫׵Ĵ£ȥ̫͵ʱҼֶΣԷѾ֮һֲĳ̶ȣǵûκϣȻҲʩչ
ֶ̫ҲЩΪԭȵ嶥ߣɵʱҲãʵе컯֮Уڻ΢Щ磬Ժ˵ˡ
Ŀת̫ϣĪ֮⣬ɵʱһμĪȴ̫ǰ࣬ʵܻ̫ա
ԷһأõĵطǽȻͬģҲֳܹһЩ⡣
˵ûе޾̫ĪӾãʵҲϾΪ֮Ψһһλɾ컯ǿߣɵٶ֮죬ĪӶЩȲϣʵҲ˵׵ʲô̶ȡ
ĪӶԸλ컯ǿߣ˴֮ʵһµͬʱԼʵҲһµжϡ
ڲԪ«£ĪӽԼڵʵ̫һ̫ͺ棬Ԫ«Īӵʵ¾ͿԺ̫ȼˣǡ
ɾ컯֮ʮ˵Ԫ«һֲĴɱ컯ǿߣĪӾãδҲסԪ«пԪ«֮¡
Īڸոճɾ컯粻ãȻ֪·ôߣʵĽռȴǺܴġ
ֻҪһЩʱ䣬Լ֮ǰʹõЩֶͨΣԼ컯۹⣬µŻһ£ʵܹþ޴
īһīȱɫĹâУ֮ĵϣղַһЩ仯ˮľ֮Ľޣȫ̺һ֮С
ĪȻǰһ㣬īٴδһεϣһΣεϣȻ֮䵴һȦ΢΢һ£Ȼֹͣ
һԣĪһղ˵ҪǿĲֻһǰ㡣
ΪһֻǵһڳԴһƽ⣬ɴ˶չڿЧǳĲ
ٴջīȣĪӿ»ָһεϣͻȻ֮ЩΪθλ컯漸һԭǾһϷǳʹ
컯ĸ֣֮ڽ֣ôӰ죬˵ǻҲԲΪ
ûҵǰĵ·컯ǿߣҲҪģֶͨΣеĻҲҪϵһ£һεϣԾõʵˡ
һռ̫һʱԷնһоڹ
뵽Īīȣ̯Լƣ֮Уܿ͸ֳһ˸ɫâˮ
һˮ޾УΧЩԵĻ֮һˮԶԶſһֶԵĻ֮ЩܵӰ죬ʼת䡣
Īֽһˮ䵽һεϣһ˲䣬ˮɫâΧ׵ӳȥ
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ӵĸϵ֣ܿƺôһЧ뷢ѿȴúԶٶȿǳϸ۲Ļδܹӵı仯
ĪӶǿӿһɵҡҡͷԼͨ컯֮ǰܵУڣȴҲ޷һεϡ
ҲãÿԽҵͨټһ£컯ΪͨǰǸ磬ˮͻ̵ͨ
Ϊ컯磬Ѿ˴Ǽ٣Īڴ򣬿˵ѾõˣһԼĸֶΣҲûҵһķ֮ǰԼʵһ


ھŰʮ ҴҰ
޾֮УΧǻɵһƬҲоʱţĪҵԼ֮󣬾Ϳʼרע
޾ģǵ컯磬ͶӰ뵽˴֮УҲҪһЩʱ䣬Щ򳹵׵ɶʵ׵
ҪʱĳҲҪһЩĺרģͬΪ컯磬ܹչֳɹҪˡ
Ī֮Уһ޾յһ߲ĸֶʱ֮УʱȻʧһ˺£ҲȻǰչš
ûĪλĶߣ֮ĸ壬ڶһεսϣ»ָƽ״̬
ԭѹıȽϲҵ壬лᴭһˣڻΪѵ壬ͬҲڳûָʵ
һֱʮʱ䣬֮ƽ˾һСĳͻûзڽܹĵĻָʵͬʱλҲھ׷Ϊϣܹٵһλߡ
һ棬ûĪӣ廹ǺռƵġ
̲ޡˣлﵽ߲εĸ֣̲ڱȽϺƽʱڣΪȽΪ٣붥ߵĲΣѾԶˡ
չ֮ƽ⣬ܻһֱӳһλ֣߳ȻŻᱻơ
ȻķչǳԤϵģ֮ĺƽʮʱ䣬һεıˣԭ򲢲һλߣͻƵ˶ߵУΪһλˡ
һĴһİ㣬ԭΪͽ͵Ϯͬˮĸ壬͵Ϯ˰ֱ֮ӾͶһ
ԴĪӼǴοʼ״̬ȻָһЩΪȥʱ䲻ûлָԭ״̬ԲŻᱻ͵Ϯ
һλ߱͵Ϯɱ͵ϮͽӵһȻǲưոݣѾҲ巢˽
ʵȻĶ֣Ϊѵ壬ҲȻľͳ
ȻرôĶ֣ȻˣҲҪ֣еļ룬ҲȻľͼ˽Ǻ֮սٴοʼˡ
΢еϷԣһƺǳĺûа䣬ʱάֵƽ⣬Ҳ˶೤ʱ䡣
֮֮ľƣֻصǸӣССĦϣ֮ܳһʱ䣬һֱȥ
ЩͬǣǰʵȽƽ⣬ʵҪǿһЩ壬壬ѾԵЩûˣʵǰҲЩ磬壬˸֮ʵǿĴڡ
Ǽʮʱȥ֮ڼֻսγһĬ˴ǽսĶǽսĶ
⼸ʮʱȥĪӵĵǣӹû
ûʦߣǺΪ֮ΪߵĴڣȻҪչµĵӣҪΪ̫档
Ϊһ˵̫ڵʵЩˣûһλΪ̨ϵĸ߶ɾĸ֣ҲֻѣʣµĴҲԶԶ硣
£̫ɾڶ֮УΪСһˡ
Ҳܹ⣬ֵ̫ʱϾ̫ˣٸǼǧʱ䣬ܹɵ׷Ĵţܹ
飬Ķǵ£δǱΪĵ֮һǾͱҪֳ㹻ʵеӦΣ˾Щʵ
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һκĴս֮УԽΪԼϵķԼһͨԿһλ߲ܣһֱԷӵսһսԼ
֮ڽΧƻһıߵ׷ɱȫˣҲΪ֮Ŀ
̫֮ڶӣս֮ϣչֳͬ˵ʵô̫ͬʵһЩҲܹŵĳƺš
ټĪȻ뿪ˣһЩΪѣҲʱվ̫ߣһЩܼİܵ˵ĪµЩӣӹû㲻ɳٶҲܿ졣
ת֮䣬ĪӾ޾֮дϰʱ䣬ûǳı任Ҳְͺҹÿ飬ǹ̶顣
ҪôǲԼĸֶͨΣҪôȥһεϡ
Ȼӹ÷ǳĵ֮飬ĪͨԼµԪͷȴȫܹ֪ȻҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ǽλ컯֮䣬ƺûжٻཻȤʱڣûκһ컯ĪߣĪ½컯潻ĪҲûȥ֮ǰ̫顣
еʱ;ԼʵϣΪ컯֮ĪĿԼ̫Ķˡ
ԼյͨԭѾΪźܸ֮ͬżĿռ䣬ԼСͨҲܹٽһЩ
ͨ޸Ķյ֮Ǿ͸ӲҪĶࡣ
ЩĪӻ˰ʱ䣬ҲûȫԼĳ̶ȡ
޾յıԵĪڱĿ˼飬ͻȻ֮䣬˫Ȼ֮ˣĿ·͸޾գ֮ĵĶ
̲Ϊﵽߵĳ̶ˣĪ¶һ˿Ц⣬˵
ڸղţ̫Ԫͷо̲Ϊﵽ˶ߵĲΣ˵һϲ¡
ؼУϣͻƵ߲εĸ֣ռȻԽķչǳ
ĪΪеˣͻȻ֮䣬оһ컯ֵϢԼӽɵûعͷǸȥ
̫飡
Ī˲͸оڽӽԼλ컯ĸһλˣԼ֮ǰ׼ȥ̫飬û뵽̲ɵԷȻԼˡ
ûã̫ӰͲ̤һƬڰƿ֮ĪӵǰûĪӿڣ̫˵
Щ˵
仰Īһ̫˵ͷȻĿ⿴ȴڡ
˵㣬㲻Ҫǻط˵̫Īٴοڡ
˵꣬Ҳ˿ĶĪߣͳһڰУ·һƬڶһ㣬ҪĪС
̫ǰѣĪûзԼ뵽ڶ֮ڣȻһƬڰĿռ䡣


ھŰʮ ̫黳
ƬڰĿռ䣬ĪһΣǾ̫ɵ֮󣬺ӴһΡ
һΣ̫רŸպҪͻ컯磬üһ컯֮űȽпܡ
ٴƬռ䣬ĪӾ֪Ҫ˵飬Ӧ÷ǳΣҲǷǳҪ
ͬƬڰռе̫飬Īûѯʣȴ̫鿪ڶԼһС
̲ΪﵽߵĲˣ¾ɵʱ䲻Զˣ̫鿴Īӣ˵
̲ɵʲô𣿡
Īô˵˳ʵ
Լɾ컯Ҳаʱˣ̫粻ԼԼƫƫȵ̲ɾͶߵʱͻȻԼ˵лҪԼ˵ôʣ˵ݣӦú̲ɵйء
Ѿ̫λ棬̫׵棬λ棬ô̫Īʵ
仰ʵľͺ˼̫׵棬λֿĪӡ
Īһ˼̫ҪԼ£ͬʱԥĿڵ̫׵ɲ⣬Σȫ͸̫׵ʵ˵λ棬ֻȥʶһ£оλ棬ͬɲ⣬һЩ
Լȥλ龰Ҽֻ֮ǻ˸к򵥵ʶһ£Ȼͽˣÿ˽಻仰
ͨô򵥵ĽӴҲֻһµĵһӡ󣬲˽ĺĪҲƾԼĸо˵˵
Īӻ˵̫֮ʱڿ˵˵Ļ
Ҹ㣬̫λ⣬𣿡
ŴԣĪӲûбֵĶôȣֻǿ̫飬³֡
ɣ
ڵҳɵ֮ǰѾɹһˣҳɵ֮ʱ̫׵Ӵ֮󣬾͸Ӹо̫λ⣬ǸʱĺӴһ£ͻ컯ʱҪСģ
ʱһɵĶ̫λ컯棬ҷ̫׵λ棬ƺƽûʲôӴλ֮䣬ȴᾭһ΢ıһЩ뷨
̫׵вٵܣɲ⣬ĲһҲпλ컯棡
̫黰ոһ䣬ĪӾ΢һüͷžʵ
˵˭֮ǰǲǵȸңǵʲô⣿
̫ĪӵʻɫƽĿڵ֪֮һ⣬ȴ֪ʲô⣬ֻܹȷϣǵ⣬ݻԼ޾յйأ
̫׵һֱŴ޾յϣֹܹ޾յͬʱҲпǿ컯֮·
ɾ컯֮ʵҪһϣѾһЩܣܹһλ컯棬Ǵ޾յϣӦòˡ
Ĵһεϣʱǵ磬Ǻ»ǻ£»˵
Ī̫⼸仰̫˼Ƕڴ޾鱾ͳһֻɵ̬ȣټϾ̫⣬͸ӶԴ޾֮ĽһЩʡ
޾յıˣ׻ĽһĪӻĲ֪ȴ֪޾֮ʲô
΢һ£Īӿ̫鿪˵ҵҲ֪˰ɣ޾֮⣬ȷҪ޾ΣһЩҲôµġ
̫ҡҡͷٴο˵֪˵˼޾֮⣬ܶﻹһЩ䣬֪ıҶ࣬ҵĵģ޾жôΣգ̫׵棬λ棬Ǵ޾յĿĵʲô
̫Ǵ˷컯棬ͬҲǵ֮һ˭֪̫ʲô˵飬Ϊһ컯Ϊ飬ԶԶıȲǣ
̫仰΢ЩĪӣ̫Ĳ̫֪
ոտʼ˽ʱ򣬵伮֮Ҳûм̫ľһЩдҲֻһʴǶǡ
ĪΪ̫ͣûпǹ⣬֮УҲûʱȥ⣬ͳһ˼άƣȥ׷Ĵ𰸣ʶĽ仮鵽ûбҪ׷𰸵֮С
ڣ̫½˳ĪҲٵ˼Ѿ˵ˣ̫˼Ҳ֮ˣǺѲ¡
˷λʬģȻ컯ǿ߶Ѿˣ컯ϵǿߣȻǸӵԳ䡣
Ȼ֮䣬ĪԺ֮ðһ仰һ塱ǰ񻰴˵֮Уһ仰Ҳһֶͨΰɡ
Ϊһ̶֮󣬽ԼԪѪֻγɷ⻯ֶ֮ΣֻϡƽѣĪӾùֶΡ
һλǿ֮ǰԪѪ⡢ʶ׵֮ʱпܴеʶӶγȫͬµĸ壬̹źĹϵ
ȻǰǸ磬飬磬ͬ飬ƺҲǺġ
һ̫̫֮֮Ŵ޵еһ㣬ȻһѾʼ˴ڵĸһʼ㡣
̫֮֮ʼͬǴ޵еһɣѾһ˿ʼʵʵĹ̡
̫ʼ֮ʣٵ̫أΡʹ棬յ̫컯һת䡣
̣Աһ´˵̹ŵĹϵĪӾѾܹף̫Ҫ˼ǣ̫λ컯棬λ֮еġСġ
컯磬ҵȾѾ˷ͨ컯֮ϣֽźεȵܣλ컯֮ϵĴӦòô䣬пܻԼ޾յϣпܾǸ
ĪѾԼ˼̫ͽԼĻֱˡ
̲ѾΪ˶ߣ£Ҫ컯磬ʱ仹δ֪֮˵ĸԤĻɾ컯ʱ佫̣ʱļ룬͵˴޾ϵĹؼʱ̣ҲҵĹؼʱ̡
ұȽܹŵù㣬Խ콫֪ĸ㣬ϣȵ̲ɵ֮ʱ˳ͻܹվߣ
Ծڴˣ̫Ҳûʲô˵ˣĿĪһۣҲûеĪӸһ϶Ĵ𸴣ֱתߣû˿
ȵ뿪֮ƬڰĿռ䣬ͷ·һűĺĻһ㣬̫뿪Ҳһͬ뿪ˣĪӵӰٴγ޾֮С
վԭأĪʼתϸ˼ŴͷβһУԼģԼԼһ·ȫһϣܹɴ˷ֱһЩαҲϣЩϢһܹԼ׸Ķ


ھŰʮ ˮ
̲ͻƵߵУζڸ֮ķУһվƵλãһΣ̲ߣʵĪ˵һЩвû컯֮Ȼøоѹ
̲ͻ˶ߵк󣬴ĸ֣Ҳܿȡ˼ʤЯʤ֮ƣЩͺˣ˵ǮĽһƹ㡣
̲Ѿ˶ߵĲΣټȥ֮ĸ壬ܹͬĵǮôͻ컯ʱ䣬ҲͲˡ
м䣬ҪԼ컯֮Դ֤Լܹ˳Ŀһɹٵ컯硣
ĪӸİ취еĹؼ֮Ѿˣ̲ԼʧܣʧһΣҲܺܿسԵڶΡΣֱɹԼ컯֮
ѾΪߵ㹻ʱģе׼Ȼٿһ
ȻǼ̲ǳ˳
Ǯƹ㣬ڸѡ֮ƹٶȽе÷ǳĿ졣
ԭƵĵǮʹͷǳķ㣬϶˾ϵĸ˵ȷҪڽн׵ʱܹ䵱ҵĶԣΪ̲壬ΪֹɵĲȥʹõǮ£̲ĵǮķΧԽԽˡ
Ѿȡ˴󲿷˵ͬʣµС֣Ҳ󲿷˵Ӱ£ͬҲڽܵǮ
տܻʣһЩ̷ӣԸʹ̲ĵǮʱǵĴھѾ޹ؽҪˣ̶ֳȣǮĴѾˣ̲Ҳл̤뵽컯ˡ
ļ΢ҪһЩʱ䣬̲ȻûгɹѾҪôˣɹҲʣʱˡ
˳£̲ԼҪҵʱ䣬Ӧþ˳컯ʸٶȻȲĪӣҲ൱Ŀˡ
ֻ΢Щĵǣҵʱ䣬ܲٳһߡ
Щͬϣ߾ĸ֣ڽС붥ߵľ磬ĲǺܴ
飬̲Ҳûʲô취ֻһһˣȵԼܹ컯ʱµĶߣ߻ûеµĶߣҲԸ⽫ԼͻƵʱ΢һơ
ϧ֮ķվһߵģ̲Ҳû취ʱռƵʱ򣬳׵ؽĻһ컯֣ĪѾ֤һ㡣
ʱ֮£̲ǮԽԽͬΪҲڲϵţͻ컯׼ͬҲ˳Ľţʱ޾еĪӣھš
̸̫һ֮󣬸һЩ飬ĪӾͿʼϸ˼Щ
Լģ˽⵽ģ˵ģһϵһĪӽ˷ʷһ飬һЩҲµһ֪
ȷһ㣬ǾǴ˷磬λģλ񵽵û͸ڻ̫ȷʮа˾ûеġ
˷ֵλ컯棬пǡСԭһĴڡ
ȻСܹĻôޡ᲻ҲУеĻ˵˭ûеĻԷһʽڵģ
˵޾պ磬߶λ޾յϣпܾλķΧ޾յζŴ˷磬ӭĽӦǻ
̫׵λ컯棬ĿǰԼǹϣҪ̽컯ϵĵ·⣬ӻ޾Ŀģ˵ΪԼһ̽·ͬʱҪһ硣
̫鷢̫ĸ̫׵ƺ̫ϵĳЩԭ򣬶̫׵Ĵ޾ϵĿģеǳĲΡ
̫Ĳ²⣬ô޾գ˵˷ͲˣԭȥλҲпܳ¸֮£ܾµĺ֣̫ĸ̫׵棬Ҫǣλ˳ĸ
ԭĪҲúõĥһ£һܽᡣ
ȣ̫컯Լ
Ϊ컯ľ磬Ѿ˴ͨ£ȻҪܵ˵Լ
ƫƫ̫Լסе컯棬˵컯֮󣬴ҶҲǰĵ·ˣ̫ʵ컯˵ҪǿһЩ
ΣΪ̫Լ֮ķһֱûһĻ
ڳķ֮УѪ˴֮ͣʱ䣬ΪĳЩݵͣսò˶ãҲµȼս
λ컯ֵĻ֮ķѾˣλ컯涼ҪĶôֻҪȷı̬廮һΧֹ⶯֣ܹ롣
ʣµʱ䣬ҲܹĽҪ֮òɿ
󣬻Ǹ⣬û컯Ľ룬֮սƺҲԱġ
òΪһ飬ñ˴֮䶼˿ƣһʱĺƽɹ˶ãֻһ飬ֽƻصǰ״̬
лܾ̫黳̫λԭˡ
ͬʱһһ˲˻ɣܹҵֵҪɱ˳£Ҫóʵʵ֤ݣȴֺõĳ
̫̫ɣ˵ΪƺͷβҲûʲô̫ɵ顣
̫һӡܹģǴϺܶĶܶ飬ҲǴģǴڶ飬ָķô˷磬ô̵ʱУ͵˶ǿߡ
Īӽԭԭһ飬֮Щᣬ̫ԼվһߣڸԼȵ̲ɵҪһεϵʱҪ̫׵潫齲ףֹԷʮа˾ſܻᶯ֡
ĪǺԸվ̫ߵģȻҪֻ˸ԵʵĿģԼϵĺܹȷѡ
ˣʱվ̫һߣ֮ǰҪһ˵ھЩҲû̫壬룬ץʱ䣬ʵҲԣ̫жô̫һĽֵжǿ
޾УĪھһ֮վһߣרԼʵ
ڲ֮İΧ֮УĪɢޱĵϣǰ򿪣ʮָͬһ㣬ǳн趯
ǰһɫˮΣƯԵޱȵ䣬һȥɫˮ׷·ܹһУܹһУҲܹһС
ͬһˮĸԴһΣҲûһ˿ĵ©ȴĪΪֹ󲿷ֶڵ


ھŰʮ 
޾֮УǻҺɫһƬһȥԵ÷ǳĵȻһ޾֮УȴһطԵ÷ڲͬ
޾յһͷȻһʢĻԣ޾֮пţȫҪҲ˿ηΧĻ֮ļͣʢķҪơ
һĻ䣬һʮֻңʵǺֻܶ࣬޾֮ţԵ÷ҫۣˣ
һ仨Σͺһ㣬ÿһƬϣһ޵͹âԵ÷죬һ֮ĵϣǱС
ĪվһػǰЩʢŵ䣬ϴһ˿εЦ⡣
ˣ̵ͨƵһѾܹļˣҪµõҵ˸ߵľ磬һЩܹĪš
Լͨƽе⣬ԭĻͨ޾վͷһεϣûжٰ취ȻǿܹȡеһЩٶʵ̫ЧҲ̫ˡ
ĻͨͲͬˣܹκεһεϵͨĪԸĻԼʱ䣬޾֮Уһεĥɾ޷ǾǻʱȽ϶һЩ
ʵĲˣҲû̫һˣ΢Ϣһˣ
Īӿ˵һ䣬ȻһӣǰһʢŵĻ䣬ͻȻ֮ͿʼٵĿήԭôͷɥȻٵʧȥˮ֣ʧΡ
һǰĪֱӴǲεϣ޾ĵطֱתȥһεϣпܻȥٶȻһЩ
޾ĵطĪӿٵķֱһ·Ȼתȥ
ͬʱĪӳֵĵط̫ԶһһλŮ컯ĪӵϢתͷĪӵķһۣȻ΢΢һüͷͣ¡
̫֮ǰǿ˺ö࣡
λŮ컯̫֮е̫ص棬ڸӦĪӵϢ֮󣬵һʱͷĪӱ֮ǰʵƺǿ˲١
ⲻֶϵ컯֮ΪҲһ̶ȵ
Ȼ컯֮ǰĵ·컯֮УǿԽΪ޵ģ̣Ҫջ۵Ĵĥпǰɵõ̫ȴܹô̵ʱУԼΪȡ˽̫ظе⡣
пٵ˼һ£̫ؽŲҲǰһǰһεϣǰ޾еطΪ̫ʵܴڱҪһ£̫ܻɵӰ졣
ĪδǲεϣҲ̫ãص֮Уһβ̵·̣ĪӻһЩʱ䣬ŸϻصС
һ磬ĪͻȻһֱĸоǰǸ磬һƣԼص˼ҵָо
Ȼǹ磬Ҳļңⷽ磬ĪҲһĹС
޾֮дôûлڻˣĪͻȻһҪصɽ÷µϣ۾Ϣһ뷨
뷨ĪӲûиʵλ˵Ϣһ£ʵϢҲֻ˳ģĿģ뿴һԼĵӡ
Īӳɵ֮ʱѾȥٶˣǵΪҲﵽ˽ɾĶ壬ǰһҪﵽߵľˡ
ͻƴ߾Ѿҵˣȥڤ֮Թʣȡ챮ûԼĶп̵ʱڣͻƵߵľ硣
һλߣҶԷɾʹߵʱ֮սʤԷĿԷǳСɴ֮ǰɵǰУ̫ǳҪһ߾ĸ֣ܹվ̨ϡ
ĪӸոջص֮У֪ѾǰڤԣҲ׼ǰڤ
Ȼڴ֮ǰѾ͹ʴһЭ飬챮Էһύǵ浽ʱĪӶԹʣǰٷ֮ٵķġ
һĪֱڤ֮УϤĻĪӸоҲ޾˳ۺܶ࣬»һҺɫĴأͷϻһŲƵǳôģЩĵöԱ
ĪĿ⴩͸Ŀռ䣬ǵӰһһڤͥڵķȥ
ھڤͥǺԶ㻻һոճɵˣҲܹܿ쵽ٶȲеĻ»Ҫһӵġ
Ҳƺûż·ôһһǰߣϵϢķǳȣûһ˿й©һһǰоͨһҲûڻԼơ
ĪӺټǣȻԼ͹ʵĽӴԼѵһսѾ׼ȫԸһǰеĹУǿƱֵķǳͨʵȷʵڲϵ״̬ԱԼܹӳǿʵ
һǰȥĪиеǳοԼ뿪Щ꣬Ǳǰֳɳ࣬ȻҲǳ㣬ɾһЩ֮ȻǱøˡ
Щ˲֮Уƾ̫ԪͷҲ֪緢飬ͬҲ֪Լµϵ¡
ûʦıӻȻûʲô࣬ĥѣȷڵʱҪ΢һЩ
ƾɣһŵ൱׵顣
ĪעǵʱͻȻ֮䣬ĪӶһ
̫ѣòˣȻڤβ
ĪҲûио̫⣬Ϊˣڳɵ֮󣬾Ҳû¶̫ٵһأڤ֮¡
ĪӳɵǰڤҲ޷λ컯Ϊ컯磬ڤ֮У̫кܴļʻϵĪӡ
̫ȻܾܾĪӶ̫һ䡣
䣬߾ͳһŻĪӺԥؿС
һ뵽ƬأĪǰľһƬǳأľï;ɫΪûʲô顣
̫ϢƬص룬ĪٴεѾ̫ߡ
̫ɵ֮ĪӾҲûмټĪӷ֣˺ǰȣ˺ܴĲͬ
ϵϢǰ˼׽֮Уվȴ繴ֻڿһ㣬˸оڳž޴ѹ
⣿
ĪĿ΢΢һЩĿ̫֪̫Ϊʲô˳˴ѹĸо
ɻûеѯʣָ̧̫֣ųһ⣬ǰУһɫĹĻȻЦſڵ
̫ӦΪԼĵӶİɣˣȲѵ¶ر߿İɣ


ھŰٰʮ ̫
ЩһֱƽҲûгȥϾʱȽ϶࣬Լ˼ժĲҶ㲻̫ѳ
̫˹裬еһ͵ĪӵǰȻ΢Цſ˵
ĪӶǰĲ豭ڱǼһ£һ˵ķУ·һ˲䣬Ȼֵ仯
Ȼı仯ûʲôĸӰ죬ܹ컯ǿãѾ˵ⱭĲˡ
ò裬̫˷ǳĲŵ㣬ˮûڣĪӾ̲סһ䡣
˵仰֮ĪӽֳһڣڵʱζرĺãͨĲˮЩ硣
ǿɬǼɬȻһ˲䣬·תΪʱͻȻһ˿Ȼһ㣬⳹׵ӿҾþõ档
ĪϸϸƷζһ£ǲθзζȷǷǳټҲǳر𣬿ܶڽɾµ˵ǲرϲζΪﵽ˽ɾǿߣӦܹƷζණϲĲġ
ĪӷеĲ豭Ŀһһ֮еĹĻŻ֮еǣѾҪڤͥΧˡ
̫֮ǰѾƵİţֺαصӣƾЩֳʵǴ߾ĸ֣ӣҲһս̫֮ĪӵĿ䵽ĻϣҲеĲ豭˵
ΪʦµĵӣģĪԣ΢Цſڵ˵仰֮ͻȻ֮仰һת
µӵ⣬ʵ֪̫ʲô
һ̫Էַ·ʱ̺ϵһ𣬲ҿĸоԾЩ̫Ī֪ʲô
⣬˵ⳡ棬ĪҲ̫ǵɣлҪԼ˵ԼûڤԷպӦҲһʱ䣬Լúõһġ
Īӵʻ̫ĿڵҵʵҲûʲô£Ǹ΢һЩҪһѹ֧ŵס
Ҫѹɾ컯ԭ򣬻ԭ򣿡Īӽּʵ
⵱Ȼԭ򣬲ѹԼеģҲʺϳеѹѡûǿʲô̫Ѳصģ̫ЦŽ͵
˵֮䣬ǰеĹĻѾͣ˽ŲΪǵǰҪҵĹʣѾ
̫ѽʲôҪҵ𣿡Īһ߿Ż֮е龰һ߶̫˵ĶãȫӰע顣
ҵȷ͵˵ѽڤˣȱ裬Ȼ͵ѽһ¡
̫һ˵ţĿҲƳһ۹ĻȻͣһ£ּ˵
˵ѵǳҵԤϣû뵽ѾȻ޾֮⣬Ǵ˷Ȼ飬֪Ϣʱʵҳһ
Īתͷ̫һۣȻĿֻصĻϡ
ʺ˵̸ݣĪܹȻĻͲ
ڵʺĪ֮䣬һᱬһսչĿǰĿӦûᰴĪӵİţ΢ĥһ֮󣬾ͽ챮ʵηչÿı֡
̫ȻǴ޾ģɺԭѾû˶ǣʵʹ˷ȣûжĲ𡣡
˷ҵȣҲȫҵȣͬҲȫ˵ѣŵѼԭ磬ӦҲûΪɣԽգΪ˴˷磬̫һ¡
̫һֱ˵ƺҪ¶Լʵ˼ˡ
ŶΪ˴˷磬̫Ҫʲô£Ī΢Щ̫ԼͬΪ컯ʱԼ˵ʱȻһ֡
̲ɵӣӦѾˣ̫׵׼޾֮һεϵӣӦҲѾˡ
ȶ֮ˣҪ׷ߴһ޿ɺǣҲûɣֻϣܹס˷磬֮飬絽ʱ޾յϣпܻԴ˷粻Ļܹʱ֣ͣҲҪæס˷磡
̫˵仰֮ĿֱֱĿĪӣȴĪӵͷӦ
̫ϣҴӦ飬ˣĪֱĿ⣬һ䡣
Ѿˡ֣ĪӻΪҪ΢һ㣬ȴû뵽ȻҪ
ڴ˷ô꣬ĪԼĵӺˣ³ɾ컯ҲȻǣҵĶ˷ΣգĪǺԸͦģҲԸڹؼʱ̣İΣ
ĪӶ̫ɵ֮ǰ˽⣬ɲôذΣˣȻҲпվĸ߶ȲͬˣΪΨһɾ컯ߣӹİΣˡ
ѵҪ˶ѣôҿԴӦ㣡Ī̫һᣬȻͷ˵
ҵ˶ѣлܹӦ̫ԣҲ˵ͷ˵
תͷĪٴνĿ⿴˹ĻֻڹĻ֮е龰Ѿ͹׼ˡ
˵αһռٳһƬǵʱսеĹĻĻζһ£Ȼּʾ˵Ļ档
һ뵽ٵĿռս֮УǾȷ˽ľҪڹʣʱҪռȻһĶ֡
һֱ֣ʩչԼСͨɲ֮䣬ʱٵĿռսУĵ꽻ӣֿ񱩵ͬʱչ֡
ţ̯һͼռվĻת˲֮ͱһƬˮȻ޴ˮռ䣬Źʽɱȥ
ǵĹվԭһȴų貵⣬ͬʱ챮ͷϷɢһѹһеơ
챮Ĺâ֮£޴ˮûа취κε˹ʣ󹥻ƺҲûʲôá
еĹҪѹʱ޴ˮͻȻ֮ͱˣȻ˲ˮ˰
ˮİУ貵⣬·ڲϵĳŹٵ˸챮Ҳػζš
ͻȻ䣬ĴǿƵĽΧˮȫɢһԣҽд󲿷ֵˮյΡ
ʣµˮʱȴ۳һѽɵǵߣǲϵķ衣
ĪӺ̫˿սĳ̫ɵÿڳ޵̫ѵӣʵǲȻֻнɾΪѰĴߣҲ޷׵£ĪѺˣ
ѹˣʲûȫʱǣҲгŲ̫ã
̫ĿޣĪӵͷ˵ڵĹʣȷûƴȫڲźܹԷ൱ʳȫĻǾԲǶԷĶ֡


ھŰٰʮһ ʦ
̫ѵƵͼǲսϣƾͼ֮һڣ
ŻƾͼһɽԼֶͨΣ͹ֿٵĽ˼ν֣̫ڳһ䡣
ͼĳ֣һ󷨣ߵսǷǳģȺս֮ʱֱռ˱ˡ
ûгȫܹսôãҲǶͼãûͼĻڿѾˡ
ϵĲһͼվûа취ž޴Ĳ࣬õ˳ޡĪԣҡҡͷ˵
Ļһ䣬֮еĻڽֵǺ͹ʣԭòƾеĳ棬˲ͷ˸ı䡣
ֻƬռ֮УƹһЮһֻ֮Źͷ¡
һѾԽ˽ɾĽޣȫǴ߾Ĺ
ֻϧȫһ䵽˹ͷϷʱ챮ɢҫ۵⣬ΧһȫѹˣƺܹصҲڽɫѹ£ܴ
һˮʱֱ̹ʵţԼɼǰֵĺ⣬ǽе״
ϧǣˮҲڹͷ챮ɢѹ£ͬԴشһˮָһѳģ
ʿԼǰѽһĨ֮ɫϵⱬͬһ㣬һ˲ûռ䡣
ǰɽͷƣͬЩˮͿ磬ĸ󣬶һ˲ȫɢ߳ɡ
ɫϯ֮£ͷ콭飬ͬһӴע뵽ǵڣܹɫϯ֮У޶ȵıסԼ
ͬһӴķģҲҹʣĵ֮һ
Ȼǿĺ֧ԮҲһ˲䣬ɱǿȲסԼΣͬ󵹷ɳȥ
Ѿչͼڱһ֮Ҳɫĳ£ָһͼģɵһߣͬǰɽҲɵһߡ
ƾŴ˿̳ķԼͷ콭飬ȻɳȥڲûˣòȶסԼΣǸ׼ͿһֻɵĴ֣ڱڵռ䣬ݺݵԼ
̫һĪӣһϵһϢ˲ͷ˳˫Ҳ΢΢һУ͸¶һ˿ΣյϢ
̫ӦǳĿ죬Ī͸¶ΣյϢʱѾ˵ΧƾĪй¶Ϣĵط㲻ٵҲҳһš
̫Ѳ̫ģʺԼʱзִģס˵Χͬʱ̫ҲĪ΢һ䡣
Ҿִ磡ĪĻȴ΢ЩƵ˵
ǳһͷУ˶νһĥɹһղŵı֣ͻȻ֮תеоƺиɵǵ뷨
ڵһһӦ˱ȽƽˮٵĻˣͻȻ䷢ԼĴһٲߣƽĻֱӹɵ˷ֱµٲߣһʱ֮Ӧˣת䣬пܵµĽǾǴ
ĪڵĵľǣҲӦͻȻһת䣬ڶԷһ֮Σ
ֻµĽɫ֣ĪѾѹԼˣΪоת
ڱռľ޴ɫ֮ʱڵƬռ䣬ڽɫƵѹ֮£ϵرѹϸС΢Ƶ䣬ʼɢ˵ϣѾѹ˾޴ѹһ޿ɶ㣬ֻѡԿ
Ѿ콭߶˼ޣ濸һ׼һղŹֳʵֱһǿ̫࣬⣬ܲǶԷʵ
ʵԼһƾ콭лôķȫһûκε⣬һԽԼĵõսԼûжٻˡ
ҪӹʵûԼĶӶٵ̤뵽ߵľ磬Ǹǳ룬Ҳ˼ôˡ
˫ͬʱһѹǽµĿռ䣬ʱҲͬ飬Ȼ֮Ŀռ䣬ͷ·ѿıһӿģͬһɫĹâԺѷɫǽɫƵƣϷȥ
ײһ֮֮еĹĻĶһ£ʵǹĻڶۿƬռ䣬ھҵĶ
˵һ֮£ԭƬʱռսѾһ֮³׵ˣ˿ռľ𵴡
һನûɢ֮ʱɢŽɫâ챮Ѿ񱮣ӿкݺݵ䣬ĿȻǡ
˿̵ǣոԼЩķӳ˲ѷɫڹʵһõһŵƣû뵽ʵĹȻ֮졣
£֪͹ʵһսվˣҪûԼĶӶ̵ʱ̤뵽ߵУˡ
ҪƴȫһµʱͻȻ֮䣬һͼƿռ䣬챮·
ͼ򿪣ٵĻ˹Ũƣƶɫͨİɫ֮ɫѾ֣ͽ񱮰У䲻ϵ׹䣬ƺҲ·һ㣬ܹС
һƣʦ֣ҵͼĿɱͼǿˣ
Ƭƺ֮һ΢ЩѵܿʹǵĶУͬҲ뵽˹ʵĶС
Ȼ֪ˣĪӴ͸ͼƺͼֻڼ棬ûκε츳ͼԴӵõ֮󣬻ϾûôѾЩͼˡ
֮ڵӰҲܿͳˣֻ֮⣬߻һˣǾĪµ
˿̵վڵߣľ绹ɾ磬ûͻƽɣֻѾɹ˻׶Σɾ磬ҲǶԶˡ
һźڰͼһתŵĺڰɫԲ̣ĿǣЦſڵ
ʦ֣ҲæˣʦʵǿʦͼӦǿҲǸϺȵģ
ͻȻֵںʱֻӿһ˿жԼʦֵˣദһֱǳǢôȻƽʱһֱһģǴҵĸȴûб䵭
ʱܹԼһһλ֮еǿߣ˵ʦֵ˵Ĺϵˡ
ʱҲ˵ʲôܾĻں¶һɾʵЦݣڵ˵
Ǿ鷳λʦˣ
ǾãԼʦֵ֣ҲδǹʵĶ֣ɲ֪Ϊʲô˿̵ͻȻԼġ


ھŰٰʮ иʦ
̫ѵĵӣĽ̫УǰĻ棬̫ɵöĪ˵
仰ǿ߹άǷԷθģľĽƾ̫ΪҲҪάκˡ
Īԣ¶οЦݣһûκεǫ飬ֱӾͽˣµĵӣԼʦص档
ŵĵ֮䣬ദĪӲ֪Լµӣı֣һоѾ㹻ˣܹڹؼʱ̷һ£ƽʱòǢҪ
ĪӵοΪֵĹʣӿ˸ɱ⡣
ӦĪӣȡ챮ʱ΢һĥѣȻͽ챮ȥڣȷôһ˿̫Լˡ
һΪһλߣڤ֮ͥ컯֮λʧ֮󣬾ͺڱǰ¶ˣһ¶棬ҪΪ˵ĵʯҶԷΪֻǽɣеһ˿ˡ
ߣʵǳĲȫ֮󣬾ȻҲûн£һ֣׼һͬΧиӸеˡ
պ鴫ȥ֮˵У̫λͬЭԿһλߣһμѻȴλ˸емĽɫ
󣬻ҪԼ챮Щ᲻ˣĪӻڵĻòãĪѾɾ컯׵Ĳ¶棬Ҳ׵ĳ֣ҡҪ챮ȥ뷨
˼ţҪҪ˳ƾ͸ɵǰ̫ĵӣͼ֮УΪ͵һɣҲչеһͼͬʱһֵֻĺڰɫԲ̣뵽ͼ֮С
ţǸɵͷһɫı飬ʸеĹâһΧɢ
ľԪ飡
ǿű飬˲һ⣬ǰεĪӣǱȽϤû뵽ĪӽԼķûнԼӣǽԼΪ͵һӡ
źڰɫͼչ֮ڤããĴϣ˲ͳһڰ׵ͼٵתȦ֮ͼʧˣȻǸΪ͵ɣǰһҲ֮ʧˡ
Ǽ״һУԭɵһԵͼǰɽȫص
ͼٴչһƬˮľƵľ֣ϵϢղǿ˼֡
ǱߵڽŲҲǰһֱӽ뵽Ƭƺ֮УȻ󷢶ԼС֮ͨƬƺ֮ڣ˲ɳӰȫڵģϢҲһģһġ
ЩϢһģһڣһŹʳȥվǣҲǰɽһڿն
չͼʱΧ˴˽ţѾڵһʵм仹һߣͼܹ˴˽ڣͬʱֻţһߵ˫ͼ
ֻһ̣ΧعѾŤˣԼΪߣȻܵΧռ޴ƣԼϣżżԼ·ҪԼʬһ
ϵţʽҪ뵽ƺ֮е챮Ӳ̧Ȼž޴챮ŷɵԼߵļںݺݵһ˦
һ£ڹ֮ǰ챮ѾΧһжѹˣһ˦֮󣬾޴챮ֱӾͽڣҳһ
ȻĹƵľֻڵļ˲ʹûκεӰ졣
һߵǣݵɽҲ׵ĵסˣȴûкˣΨһһֱֱ֮УһɫĹâۣĪΪõ֮ͨһǹˮ
ɫǹˮҲ˿Ĵ⣬ϵ⽫Լ˰Բ貵⣬ǻ˽ɫ棬ǰȥ
Ȼͻİ֮ӭһֻɫɵǲòѡ˿
ɫӿַɳڣͬҲڵĻ֣֮ɻʻһŲʹâֱӷ˺ǣٴǵϢ
ڴص·ղԭѾȥͼ֪Ҳʱ˳ȻУҲӳһӰ
ڰɫͼ·ڲݻһڰɫ֯⣬ǵӰֱ֮˹ʡ
˹Ҳòٴʹ챮ֵɽڵĹֵˣһϢǵǣͬӱ֮ƣùҲоѹ
ԼӵĽϣȻùĸ֣һʱ֮ҲЩæңƣӦĪȻǸˡ
ɣټһɣܹǰһУѾܲˣͼҲȷʵһ֣ܲսʱ򣬻ǲ
ǣڣʱıֶǳĺãڵıҲǳĲûȥ͹Ӳѡﳤ̣ܶͼһƹʣһǿ
Ҫ˵֮УͼյΪģھģΪ͵Ϊƾ˫ͼڵ󷨣ͬʱ
̫ĿתĿŹĻ֮еĻ棬ûٿ˵ʲôĪӵĵӣѾˣڿžͺá
Ȼ̫ǳ̾Īӵӣ˴֮Ĭӳʵǳǿ󣬿ɶⳡսʤʵǸӿùʣϾ󾳽Ĳţҹʵʵڴ֮УҲϱȽǿһôǺһ컯֮λˣ̫ԹʻǱȽ˽ġ
ĪͬҲһ㣬˱˴ϣһͨĴߵĻǿܻӮĻᣬǶǹʣ˵ʵһЩѾˣûбҪˡ
뵽Ī΢΢ķųһԼϢ͸̫أԼһϢݵ档
̫ӦĪӵĶתͷĪһۣȻЦЦֻعͷȥ
ţԭ֮еĹʣƺ׼Ҫͨˣɾؼʱ򣬹ȴ΢һ£иһĨ֮ɫ
΢һɵĹȴѾںڵ£ʱ챮ǰеǰɽֱؿڡ
ڹؿڴ⣬ԭпܵסɽģͷ콭飬һ˲佫ʣĴȫͷ˳ɻʻ˫ͼİмӳ֣һ̴˹ʵĻ⡣
壬ʱƺһֹͣˣһɢв˵ĸоġ
ǼѾܹԼķѵ³ȴû֮еչ
еͷһ۴ԼؿϵĳĿǰǣȻϢȴһһˡ
㣬һʦˣ
˵仰ֽԼؿڵĳ˳䶪һԣȻɨһۣתʧԭأƯе챮ȴصҵ˵ϣûбһߡ


ھŰٰʮ ݻ
ڤǵ˺͹һս֮ĪӾͷص̫죬Խǵ˵ûټע
˹һ֮󣬽Ǿûʲôˣ޷ǾǻȥָһƣȻ˳ͻơ
ƾʵ˳̤뵽ߵУǰ϶飬ûκκõĵġ
һ˳ĻҲڽڿ뵽ɾ磬Դ֮ĪµӣʵͶɾˡ
ص̫УĪվƬǿԵߴĲϣĿ⿴Ƭء
ԴӿĪ̫ûдãԼٵƬأȻڸеôİȷһ˿ʸС
ûлòøӸߴˣبŲĵϣòķ·֧Ƭص֧һ㣬һȥǳ׳ۡ
Ϊò죬ϵ֦ҶѾϲıˣѰժһܹɲʹá
Ϊϵɣ̫УѾ˲˻ĺۼﶨӵ˲࣬ȥȴ١
֮УΪඨӵˣһЩĪӴеĵ֮⣬һЩõ̫ͬﶨӣµˡ
ЩȻ࣬ΪǵĴڣҲƬس˸
ǣҲ̫иԵĵĪӵķֱ£Ҳᵽ̫УƽǻǻԭĪӵĵУᾭ̫ڡ
ǿòվ˲֪ãĪͻȻоЩģѵô޾֮зһΣɳǵ֮⣬оԼûˣȥȤҲûС
컯磬һɨûκεܣ֮£ȷȤ
գĪӻǽĿͶԼĵǡ
Դӵõ챮֮󣬾ͻص˵֮бչȵصʱΪӦôﵽߵľˡ
֮ͬҲչˣҲڵ֮УΪ˻
սϣΪɾڣЩˡ
ǵͻƽɾѶȣҲȫ⣬Ͼﵽɵľ磬Ŀɲ֮Ķˡ
ΪͬҲﵽɾڣԼĵһһߴһЩ̫飬Ҫͻƽɾ磬ȴǷǳ΢ġ
ƾֲ˵Ը񣬿ɴ˸һ̤뵽ɾ磬Ҳпܻɾܳʱ䣬ֱ׼һ
Ժ˵ʲôʱܹ̤뵽ɾ磬һȡԼ
ĪӽĿͶ̲ͥʱҲڱչأڴͥѾϯӦڌģǻ˹ͼ
̲չصĿģڼԼ컯֮ĪӸоɹѾܽˡ
׼ĿƿʱĪֿͥſڣǼĵĿⲻɵͣƬ̣ûнĿƿǾͣͥС
ͥһƺҪһЩЩһյˣȻҪǰࡣ
Ӽǰǳ׹֮ʱʼʼѵļˣ񼸰ȥ֮Ȼ˸ӱΪˣ˵
ĪӿЩ֮ͥˣЩ֮Увٿ֮ģúĻеĲˣгɾĿܡ
ĪӵĿ֮ͥͣ˺ܾãֱ̲չصĵطһɢԼ֮䣬۳һöǮӰĪŰעתȥ
̲컯֮ɹˣɾ컯ʱ䣬ҲԶˣ
ǮӰĪӾѾףò˶ã̲Ӧó컯ˣγ컯磬Ի˳ȵɾ컯֮󣬽е컯棬һ޾յʱˡ
Ǹʱ򣬲ܸʲô˼˴֮ʲôͻʱ򶼻ʡ
öǮӰ֮ͥеϯӦˣŷѸٵĳ̲չصĵطĪĿҲͼȥ
͸ǵĽǮӰĪܹ̲Ƶ컯֮һöǮҲǺΪϵһ컯̲֮˵ãҪۼʵʵе컯֮У΢һЩġ
ĪӿеͬʱԪеԪ«ʱ·΢΢Ĵһ£ԭɾ컯֮ʮ˵ͲټݻԪ«ʱȻ˼µķģݻһơ
һͻȻı仯ĪӸеǳϲԼԪ«ȻܹһݻʮŵĿԡ
ĪӸæԼעŵԼԪ«Уȥȶ⼸ոյķģͬʱͼҲݻĹ̡
֮ͥУ̲չصĵط֮󣬳˺һӣһչƽſڵϯӦˣһֱվȴţֱ̲ӱչصĵط߳
̲߳ϯӦæʵΣǲǳɹˣ
ȻͨղŵϯӦѾ֪̲ʮа˾ǳɹ컯֮飬ϣܹ׶̲ϡ
һϴЩڴ֮ɫϯӦ̲ϣͻȻһĨЦݣȻԼ̯ϣ͸һŽ⡣
Ž룬ɼƯһöǮ·صķģʱڱ任š
öɢŽĽǮӦǿƣϯӦĻָ˳ȣԴЦ̲ͷ˵
ϲˣ컯֮񶥼߾ʵ컯磬ѾǰˣպҲҪƺΪˣ
뵱ϯӦΪ˵ʵ̲ͻƴ߾ʱûֻ࣬Ǻڴ߾֮󣬲෴ԽԽˡ
ϯӦҲ֪̲һֱҪƣΪ̲ǰĵ·ʵģֻҪһֱǰ߾ͿˣҪϵԼٵ·ǰУȻᱻԷ
ʲôʱ컯磿ϯӦһοʵ
Ȳżһüһ£ҲҪȵ޺;λ֮еһλܹﵽߵĳ̶ȵʱҲܷĳ컯磡̲˵
ĻҲ˶ˣΪڲ֮ǰ޺;λѶչˣпܾڳߵľ硣ϯӦԣ̲˵
ǵˣλ֮Уһλܹ˳ͻƣҲܹĳ컯ˣ̲ϢϵЦֶһЩ
ԭѾ׼ˣԼ컯ʱ䣬һЩ꣬ȵµĶߣԼٿʼ컯磬ϢζܲҪȴãܹĵس컯ˡ
뵽Լ컯磬ܹԼʦ̫飬Լһɵ̫̲оͿʼڴڴģ컯֮Լֻῴľʡ


ھŰٰʮ 
ʮŵҪݻû뵽Ȼôѣ
̫УĪӿԼԪеԪ«ڻݻеĵʮŵ΢Щѡ
Դ֮䣬Ԫ«еʮŵʼݻĪӾڳſ
һ򵥵ķʽȻͨеĽƣٽγɡ
ʮŵҪһݻֻ컯֮еĽƿá
֮ļ컯֮Ǽ֮⣬ĪӻܽӴĶӴˣʣµ컯ֻ֮иλ컯еˡ
ʱ䣬ĪԽӴһǼ컯֮ԵʮŵݻԶ֮еĴ
컯֮û֮ôʮŵݻѶȾͿ֪ˣĪܹҵһѵ컯֮ʮŵͲڶʱݻ
ĪӼţӦμӿʮŵݻͻȻ֮䣬ɫ΢΢һĿ⿴졣
ʱ֮У֮ˮʼϵĻۣޱ޼ʵƺ֮У˷ǳˮ쳹ء
ˮĪӿƺ֮УһƵĺޱƺ֮ʣˮʱʱһۼͷ
ʵֵģһͶӰѾʧ콭ͶӰֻǳ죬ͬҲ˴ϣһ
ЩŲ׺ɣѾĿȫǵ콭ΪͻȻֵͶӰ󣬾˺飬ҲһЩȽϳ˵ļ䡣
ǿһ·ص콭һʱ֮䣬оȻһ˷֮С
죬תƣϵվڲϱ仯ţΨһûзıģֻб仯һЩסĶվֻܴԼļ
Īӿ콭ͶӰ֪ǳɾ˴ߴӶ󣬳⸱ΪûԼĶŻͶ콭ͶӰ
ʱ䲢ûкֻܳԹƬʱ䣬һоѾʧˣȴֶ֪һλߣҲһЩ˵Ļ䣬ԼһЩľš
ʧĪӸ׼ջĿ⣬ȴͻȻ֮ͣһ£½Ŀ⿴ԼĵΪоǳΪߣƺҲܵ˴ڿ˽ɾһ
һɨĪϾ¶һ˿Ц⣬ȻջĿ⡣
ͻƣûбҪȥˣΪκε⣬ҲĹעˡ
ĪӸոջعͷͼԼ߲Զ̫׵澹Ȼվ˲һ
֮ڵľ룬Ҳʮ׶ѣԼȻûзֶԷӽȻΪԼעŵϣҲ˵Լ̫׵֮Ĳࡣ
ĪӵĿԼ̫׵عͷĪЦЦЩп˵콭û뵽ʱ䳤֮л֮⣬ܹٿһΣ̫ѵ£ˣ
̫׵ΪӣҲҵˣĪӻش˵ֽ֮ʵ
̫׵רңֻļģ
Ҳʲô£͵İɣ̫׵ԣЩģɵ˵
Ҳãһֱ̫׵úõģҪ̣ǸĻᣡĪԣ˳˵
ĪҲû׼ˮʲôģͱڵľ״̬ȴ̫׵ȿڡ
Щмλҹ̫Ѱɣ̫׵÷ǳ϶˵
Īӵ˵ͷһûʲôģԷĿҲһס
ĪӴ󷽷ĵͷϣ̫׵Цżڵ̲߳Լĵ·ûĻӦþһλ컯棬֮Ҫ޾յϣӦþͿˣǼλѣΪ̫ѵġ
֪һЩѶڴ޾յ֮󣬿ܻɵӰ죬лǣĴ˾ٻ粻ܻ˷磬ЩܿܿԵʱҪһεϣܲô˳
̫ѣϵѵһֹҰɣҽҲ̫飬㱾޾֮ģӦҲһЩ䣬ܹ޾⣬֮ôΣյġ
̫׵滰˵Ŀ⿴Īӵ˫ۣûټ˵ʾĪӿ˵Щʲô
ʵ˵ʱ̫׵Ӧü˵Щʲô˵£Ī֮Ļ֮ǰģɵĻһƺĵķʽ˵
Ͼǵڴ˷飬Ϊ컯磬ⷽ磬ҲŸ᲻ϵǣңĴϣȻСĽһЩĪӼ̫׵ʾԼڣҲͱȽصĿ˵֮佫Լ̬ȣҲǻϱˡ
޾յϣ׶ⷽûӰ죬ĪԼҲ֪̬ȣҲϣ˷ġ
̫ѵ˼ˣ޾յϣڴ˷磬϶ǻӰģҵ컯ӦҲкܴӰ죡
Ϊﵽ컯磬ҪԼĵͶӰ뵽֮У˷Ĵֻڴ˷֮Уô޾յϣӴĴ˷Ĵֻº˵ˣ
õĽǴ˷ĴܹĴڣҵȻ컯ΪҲߵĳ̶ȡĽǴ˷Ĵʧҵͬ޷컯硣
ڴ˷˵ҲһģõĽǴ˷Ĵ֮±øǿĽȻ黯һң
úĽڶ̫ѽ޾յ֮ǰ˭ҲȷյĽʲô̫ѿԺúõĿǣҪѡ񣡡
̫׵˵꣬Ŀ⴩͸˲Ŀռ䣬ڤ·
ʵҲϣ˷Ϊ޾յ϶ڴ֮ǰҲһЩϣ̫Ѿ֮һ
һλ컯ԺܺõĵĹ򣬿ܴѹҲܹýƫõһ档
̫׵˵ĪͻȻһʵȻ̫׵Ѿô׼Ϊβٵȵȣ׼ĳһЩ
֮䣬Ϊﵽ컯̫࣬ٵ꣬ʱ»ᵮλ컯Ǹʱȥ޾յϣһǸаգ
컯ֵǷǳֲģ컯ǿߵһЩĪӾãܶʵܹõĽġ
˵仰̫֮׵ȴЦҡҡͷ
컯ǿߣټһɵ̲ѾǼˣٶˣٶһôͻģԲûбҪٵȣʹ˷Ĵйأ̫Ժ׵ģ


ھŰٰʮ ̲ɵ
ɵ޾֮УĪվԼ֮ǰڵλãīȣǰεϺݺݵĻһ˼ȴǳĻԾǽעŵԼĹϡ
ԴӺ̫׵̫һ֮Īû֮ͣã޾֮С
̫׵һεĽӴǳ˼Էƻģ֮ҲһЩ£˼Īӻоһ˿ϣնԷȴûԼҪһ϶Ĵ𰸣ֻǸԼһЩ飬֪ԼһЩ̬ȣȻ뿪ˡ
ϢߵҲɴ䣬ͶԷν̸ֽ⿪Īвٵɻ
̫׵ûĪӵǰԼʵϢĳĪӵߣװ׵ĸĪӣʵҪǿĪ࣬һսĻԪ«ɱĪӾԲǶԷĶ֡
̸ͨĪҲ֪̫컯ܹ˳ĳɾͣΪ̫׵̫λԭ
ν֮˵̫Ըǵİ̫ܹڳɾ컯һ׾ٵľͿ
̫׵滹ĪӣΪ˴ٽ֮ЩͻȻֵ⣬ҲֶΣΪ֮΢һЩ
ЩĪǰʵһֱڻɣȻѾȥˣܹõ׼ȷĴ𰸣Ҳ⿪еһЩɻ
ȻͶԷĽ̸ҲͬĪµɻ
̲ɵǼˣԷʱ˵仰ʱֻ˵ʹйأȴû˵ʲôϵ
˼Ǵ˷Ĵûа취ڳضһλ컯棬˵ٶһλ컯棬ôĪı仯һĪµɻ
īջأĪӿԼһɵĳɹԼһιϵʱЧǺõĶࡣ
ĪһµĹۼܿʧˣĺۼʧ֮ĪӲûпʼһԼīȣȻֵϣɫĹâǰȥ
ܿ죬ĪӵƴһεϣϸϸĸӦ
ĪӲǵһһιε֮ǰĪӾ̽һ£˽һԼĹĿֻ꣬Ǹʱ򣬲û̫̽ĶƺҲһ
һεϣĪӣҲȻ޷̽ĺȣ۳ķʶûа취ε쿪̫ԶͬʱҲᱻεϻա
ĪͻȻٴ̽һεϣΪص޾֮󣬷εϣ֮ǰ˵Χƺ˲١
Լ뿪ʱ䲢̫ã޾֮У컯ڣ˵εϣٶȲӦô죬ƫƫϵķΧ֮ǰԵ
֮еķԴԴϵɢܱεϲϵţ̽ⷶΧҲ޷ݳ̫ԶĪӻܹȷһ飬Ǿεϣٶ֮ǰּӿһЩ
ȻٶȣȵεϽӴ磬Ҫ£˭ұ֤εϣٶȻ᲻
ջԼƣĪӿǰϣ˼תţڿǣٶȼӿ죬ΪˣΪԭ򣬱˵ΪԤ
⣬Īһʱ֮޷õ𰸣֪Լõ𰸵ʱӦòԶˡ
ڲͬһʱ䣬ͥе̲ոյһϢھڣݷǳļ򵥣ǾǾڵľܿΪͻƵ˶ߵС
ϢúͻȻҲ̲еЩ⣬֪޺;ˣпͻƵеģû뵽ͻƵʱ侹Ȼô硣
׶εˣ̲֪ͻƵ߾Ѷȣܹô죬ô˳ĳɹҪǵĵ·ʣԼĵǮƹķǳ˳֮·ߵô˳û뵽ôͻˡ
ие̲֮żǸģһԼӦͻ˵뷨
һ˲䣬һ⣬˵ʶͻȻ֮ɢ硣
̲һ˲䣬ϵ飬ǴԼĵǮǮԼʹãֻһ׮׮ףĵǮǮУѾıеܣΪһֻңĴٽĽ̡
һöССĵǮǮ𵽵òֻǻͨô򵥣Ǹһֵһı׼
ʶ֮һĻĻ̲ͻȻ֮ãԭԼ£ԶԼ֮еĸҪ
˷㽻ףͨޣֵ֮⣬֮µĵǮĽܣ˴֮ķȻûֹͣʵҲ΢һЩ
̲ϵĽԽԽؼͥˣڽ֮У̲ͷƮһöССĽǮ
ͬʱ֮䣬ж͸˽⣬˶̧ͷµĽ⣬ȻҾȵķ֣ƾճֵĽ⣬Ȼ۳ΪһööƴСĽǮƮڿС
һһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǿϢ͸֤ʵǵĲ²⡣
һǿϢ֮ʱɵĽǮͬһӿ䣬һööĽǮ£䵽ϣ䵽˵ϣֱ˽ȥ
ӴЩǮ˻ٶЩͬˣǵ׳ʲôı仯һʱ֮䲢ûȥע⣬ΪҵĿ⣬ʱ֮еǵӰסˡ
һֳֽǮӰɢ֮ĵϣ֮С
еöǮǰյȥ·ҪĲǹҪöǮݸˡ
ǰǰ֮ȴĻζеöǮϣĽӿ뵽˸о·һεϣЩ⣬һַǳرķʽϵһεϡ
̳ʮ֮еǵӰҲһֱƣһΨеöǮȴڲϵıð·ľ޴
޴֮£Ҳȡϲ˵ĳɹöǮӿĽ⣬ƺڽǰˣһɸӿֲϢ֮䡣
пеˣһ̳һ˲Ļ㱣ȵһعʱǵ֮еӰϵϢѾĸ߲ʡ
ղűеöǮѾ÷ǳ޴Ưȴ㲻Ե
ǵӰǷ·𿴵ĲƸԼΪϧĶõһС
գǵ֮еӰĿˣޱϵ
Ϊ̲ճɾ컯š̫裡


ھŰٰʮ 컯
̲ɾ컯һ̣֮鹲֪֮ĪӵˣҲ֪̲ɾ컯ˡ
ͬԼĵͶӰ뵽˴֮У޾պʹ˷֮еһб仯޷Щ컯ĸ֪
о̲ɾ컯̫ţĪӲɵи̫̾׵ֶ֮ǿ
̲Ӷߵľ磬ߵ컯ɵٶʵ̫ˣĪӼԿ϶о̫׵İӰ죬ԲòԷֶΡ
֪̲ɵʱƲԶû뵽Ȼô죬ζţλ컯֮䣬ѱ״̬ˡ
Īûκμϵ뷨ֱǰһεϣ޾ĵط
ʱҪҵ컯棬ҲԼһû˼ǲϵȤȥ컯档
Īһ˿޾֮УӦһλ컯ĵе컯棬ͣϵĶȫ뵽ǰϺȥ컯档
Ȼ󣬷ǳɺҲǱȻģ̫׵̫֮⣬컯棬ȫ޾֮ˣҲĪӳɵЩ컯һξۼһ𣬾ǺȫʣµˣӦҲܿͻᵽ
Īӣһλ컯棬޾оף˴֮ǳĬķֳӪ
̫еλվһһֱһģʱҲһġ
̫գ̫վһ˿׼ͬˣʣµĪӺ̫顢̫һ˶壬ȻվҲվһġ
λ컯棬֮ĹϵһĿȻ޾󣬱˴˶ŶԷóʱû˵ջ̫֮е̫أݳĬ
λѣܹ޾֮һشҵ˼Ҳ࣬Ϊ̫ɵ£ϣһһ°ɣϾ컯ֵѾԴ޾еˣڼȻһǲǾһһ°ɣҪһģ
̫ػһ˵꣬Īڵˣȫص˵ͷǳ̫ɵҪ˶ãͻ޾֮УǸʱ򣬾Ǵһ޾ϵʱˣʲôҪ⣬ȷӦóʱˡ
̫صĿڣҲڳĬˣ̫ȿ˵
޾յϣ֪׻ǵӰ죬᲻˵ǵڶԴĴǣûа취ȷһ㣬ǲ޾ϵġ
̫̬Ⱥ֮ǰһ̫һĻɣҲϣ֮һֱ޾֮УһεϣֻӻһϵٶȣʱûнƵ뷨
Ļ˵̫֮Ŀʵһ̫еλֿ˿̫̫͡գȻְĿתԼߵĪӺ̫һ
̬Ѿˣǰܹ£Ķ̫ҲѾһˣֻܵ鿪ʼʱӦˡ
̫黰˵̫֮˵ͷȻ󿪿ڵϣǱȽ̫ͬģǵ֮У飬޾յû⣬ҲӦùǡ
̫˵꣬Ŀֱӿ̫֮еλҪõ𰸣̫Ӧпܵġ
̫յĿҲ˹̫ص˶һۣȻ̫ؿڽ͵
ҵȹ۲죬޾յϣڴ˷磬ȻǻһЩӰģֻӦûд֮ôΣգϾ޾磬Ҳڵġ
̫ػ˵һվĪӣƺڸڳˣվһӡ
޾ڲŵģڲƣһգ޾Ҳ᳹׵Ľڵ糹׵Ļٵ飬Ҳ޷ˡ
Ǵ޾յϣȻܻһЩӰ죬ҵȺ֮£ӦܹӰ콵Сĳ̶ȣҿԳᣬһݵؽ˴˷пΪҵҵĵ·ԣ޾յһϣǴƵĺã
̫ؼ仰˵оݣĪӣߴ޾֮⣬û̫ΣգȻ޾ղϵɣ˴Ҵ޾֮ĺôȥҲǺܿŵġ
ĪվһûпڣɫҲǳƽȴ̫صˣһЩ衣
̫ǳأһӹɣΪص̫׵棬λڴ޾ϵϣƺĶЩ࣬ĪӺ̫׽̸ʱ̸ݣҪ̫˵
Ҫ˵Ǻ̫ЩϣǵĿķǺ̫һģͬҲڴ޾յϣϣ˫û̫ĳͻ
̫صĻ֮һʱ֮뵽˳Ĭ֮Уһ˼ţû˿˵ˡ
һֱðе˶վԭأûٴδݳĬˡ
һֱ˺һӣ˸о컯Ϣ߿ʱ򣬴Ҳתͷȥڿ컯Ϣû̫ãӰͳǰ
һȻǸλ컯ӴıȽ϶̫׵棬һλǸոճɵ̲ӦóΪ̫ˡ
λû뵽ҶѾڴ˵ȺҲãҲʡȥһһ֪ͨλˣλǸոճɵ̫ѣǰ⼸λزҺ͵ѽ˰ɣ
̫׵ڿֱ֮ӾͶߵ̫˵˵ʱĿ⻷һڳе컯档
Ȼܣȫʶãλ񣡡̫迴ǰЩ컯棬Ⱥ֮еĪӺ̫ʱϲɵ¶Цݣ˹һ
ոճɾ컯粻ãͱ̫׵ȥԼһƬأɹԼ̫֮󣬲Ÿոմһֱ̫׵ţһ·޾֮С
ɾ컯֮£Ҳ·ϣ΢̫׵潲˼䣬ڿϤˣǵȵԺԴĪӺ̫һЩָ㡣
̫ڳ̫֮⣬˶һ˵̫飬̫ʦ𣬲Ҫ
λڶ̫Ҳˣôһһ£޾ϵɣ˻̫֮׵濴ٴο˵һھֱ⣬ȫûҪȦӵ˼
ҵ֮ǰҲ飬ƺһλѰɣ̫û̫УһֱĬŵ̫ʱ˵
̫Ϊ컯ʱ֮УҪ޾֮еǿѹ޾յϣҲ̫ܵӰ졣̫ԣڽ͵
ô˵ٴһԭһֱַ̫飬ʱеôһ˿ɶ˵ڰźһбϵǰ£޾յϲʲôӰ죬˵Գһ£ҲһҪ̫ͻҪλ棬ܹҵ֣ҲûκܹսʤԷġ


ھŰٰʮ ̬
̫ôһ˿ɶȴûȫ裬Ϊ޷֤̫׵ԾģҲұ֤Էİá
ߵĪӣʱǸ࣬ۿѾۣ˻֮е̫֮⣬е컯涼վˣһǴ޾ϵʱˡ
Ī֮ǰ̫׵潻̸֮˽⵽˸ĶҲ֪̫˲̫ͬĪҲΣô̫׵棬̫λҪôҹ֣ͬƬ޾յϣ
̫׵滰˵֮󣬾̫ôһ˿ɶûκһ˿ڣȫųĬҲٴεĳĬ
̫׵ҲϵֽʱҪ취ó̫֮ˣȫͬ뷨һ޾յǲϡ
ոճɾ컯̫裬˿Ӧе컯֮Уоͷһˣû뵽Լոճɵƺһľ񣬳̫֮е컯涼뵽֮У㲻ô¡
ƺҲԼڷʵʱֻվһߣţ׼ӽҵĽ̸УԼ֮ǰѾ֪ģĽе
ٴγĬһ̫֮е̫ʼͻȻĵ̾һȻ󿪿˵
ȻѾˣøλѶͬҵȵΪҪλѽҲգҵȾλѽһ°ɣϣλܹ֮ҵһͬ޾յϣ̽ߵľ磬Ҳ磡
̫ʼһڣͽҵעȫϣ̫ʣµλҲվߣڽ͡
һʹҵȵʼ˵ɣ˵λѶѾµһЩɣ̫˴˷λҵڵ֮Ѿ컯Ϊ
һ仰˵꣬΢΢ͣһ£Ŀɨһȫ˸ոճ̫裬ʱһĨ֮⣬ȫɫ糣ƺ˵ݣڴҵ֮С
ͬĪܹµһһЩɵʱĪӸ컯棬ȻҲܹ̫֮µǵⱾҲرѲµ顣
˵֮󣬾Ϳʼ컯˷飬˲ٵĶʱһƬ磬ٵı÷ḻټһЩ飬ԽԽʣ
ҵΪЩܹ̤ϵ;Ϳʼд֮֮ΪǿԽԽ࣬ҵȴʼմ컯磬ûа취һ
ΪѰҵ컯֮ĵ·ǿʼ̽޾գǸʱ޾գ˵Ҫ࣬ҲǴǸʱʼǷ޾վȻһֱڲϵ
ͼֹϧȴ޷ֹ޾ǲϵƴȫҲǲεϣǳøİ취ֹϵ˵Ƭϴٳһ磬Դ赲޾ռ
Ȼٳһ磬޾յûκεİ֤һ飬Ǿǲεϣڴ֮׵ľܹ߽⣬Ӷû磡
Ϊһ㣬ҵ¶ģҪǲεϴƣȻͬҲΪʵǵߵľ硣
̫ʼһ˵ţһһֻ֣ϸֳһŹӰݻĻ棬һ磬ε߽ûĹ̡
ֳĹӰټ̫ʼĽ⣬Īӵɫڻ֮Уǲεϣ߽һڣȫ׾ٵģǽˮ˻ѩ֮ϣ˲ˡ
Ҳ˵һεϣڵ磬ǽҲһģ׾ٵؾܹû
ˣҲٵȵȣȵٳּλ컯ĻܵʱǴ޾յϣǱǵ磬Ƕ𣿡̫ʼϵĻʧ̫֮ʱ򿪿˵
⣬ĪӲɵýĿ̫ףΪ֮ǰʹֻǵõĻش𲢲ǺڵϣĪ֪᲻õ׼ȷĽ
컯磬Ѿ˴ͶӰ뵽֮УҪɾ̸ף̫ѳɵ֮󣬳ɵøӼѣһλ컯棬֮Ҳһܹ޾еһϣ䲻ڱԽԽǿǲ콫ƵĻδı¾ͺ˵ˡ
һοڵģ̫֮е̫˵ĸоЩ죬ͷ·غһ𣬲̬ҲǺġ
̫֮λ컯棬ѾԿڣʣµľЩˡ
̫׵ʱĿȷŵ̫һϣʵ̫һѣǰѾ̸飬Ҫ׷ߵľ磬ûиıԼ뷨ɣ
̫һ̫׵ĻϵıƺøĮȻһЩ΢΢ĵһͷ
΢΢һͷѾĻش̫׵ȻشǷǳģתͷһԵ̫͡
̫͵ѣҲиԼ֪Σ
̫ĿҲ̫׵棬Ȼɨһվ̫һȴû̫һһͷֻվﲻش
̫׵״ҲûбֳŭתͷĿ⿴Īӣ̫ѣ֮ǰһŵҲ˽˸飬֪ʱоϣ
תƵԼߣĪӱ㿪ڷʵڴ֮£̫׵ʱܷԣ
㷴һ䣬̫׵ĪһֽۣĿתƵ̫̫˵ϣԽĪӣʵλѣ˿̣Ƿиı⣬Ըһͬ޾յˣ
ת̧̫ͷһһԵ̫裬Ȼ΢΢üͷֿһԼԵĪӣоڵľ棬Լ𲻴ӦƺôҪˡ
վһ̫һƺں֮ǰѾӦ̫׵棬ԼÿɿĪӣҲ̫׵µĽӴɿɿ˵Ҳת䡣
ոճɵ̫裬ʵӦе컯֮͵һҲŸոյøȥյѡ޷ǸԼʦ𣬻Ǵڶѡ
ţϸղŵһ˿ҡ̫Ѿôֵˣվ̫գʱǿһԼԵ̫̫ͣһ濪˵
ҵѡ񣬺̫͵һɣ
̫ձԼ̬ȣֻʣ̫飬ԭЩҡʱȴͻȻ¼ᶨ˫Ŀֱ̫׵棬ҡҡͷ
ңԴ޾յϣ
仰һ˵ڣ̫Ѿ׼ˣӭ̫׵ķѣ̫׵ȴǳƽ̫λͬҲƽ
̫ص滹ʱ򿪿ڶ̫˵̫ף˵ʵ˼ô࣬һȻѾˣֱӶֱǣ˷Щʱ䣡


ھŰٰʮ ûѡ
̫ص仰һ̫֮⣬ڳеˣȫĿͶͬʱϵϢҲӿ
仰˼ѾǳԣڸˣǲӦ̫ƺҲֶΣܹǴӦ
ĿעӣһϢ̫صƺȫûܵ˿Ӱ죬ϣҲͬʱͷųԼϢ
λ컯ΧĶԻ֮ͷ·Ǳ紵һ㣬ԶԶظ˳ȥΧıһƬޡ
̫ص仰ʲô˼Ϊ컯У̫صΨһŮޣ̬Ҳǲִ̫֧ǲϵ̫ͣʱ򿪿ʵ
ûʲô˼ǣʵ飬ԭûʲôѡǿѡ񲻴޾յϣǲں˷ǰ¡̫һ˵ţϵϢҲԵˡ
ʱ޾֮Уɢ֮ĵϣϢ֮ǿȫѹ̫ˣ¶̫ʵ
һ䣬ĪӾ͸о޾֮У·ͻȻĳֱ仯ΧǳԵĻ֮ЩһˣҪڤڤ֮еĴȻҲòͬˣ·һֲ˵ĴڣһʶĴڣʶ֮С
ţĪӵ컯ܿͷ̫صղ˵ЩԭΪѾо޾ǲεϣٶȻ֮ӿٱٶȻڼ
ΪԼĵͶӰ뵽֮е컯ǿߣҼһ̣ȫһִͷĸо
⣬ȾȻˣѵҪɣ̫Ϳ̫ˣɫѾЩˡ
ԴΪ컯֮󣬺ٻΣյĸоǽеļΣҲûκһθо˵ǿңһԼпܻĸо
ɲҵҪԭҪ飬ԭҵȼ̣ȻǲԸһεϣǾ͸ǣǲԸϵĺ̫ص̫͵Ļ鵭ĮĻش
ʣµ̫ˣʱҲվԭû˵Ȼˣǲ˳ˮ۰ɣò˵ַʽøλ컯ϵõķʽ
ΣǰڻԸϣǾֻһεϲϵսǵû
λֶδЩ̫˰ɣʱҵȲòϣܷ֪ǣǵĿľʲô̫黺ĺһʱ򣬾ѾŭּˣԾܹѹסԼƢ̫ʵ
ҵȵĿģֻǴ޾յ϶ѣҪ˵һµĻֹһεϣս˷ûáޡ̫ٴνһ䡣
仰ôһ˿Ȼ֮УоͣƺôһЩˡ
Īͬһ˿Ȼ֮ɫ̫صͣò΢ܹ͵ͨǡСǲεϣϵͨ޾գǡޡ΢ܹ˵ùȥǽ˵ĻƺҲôľֱӸ࣬ҲܹһЩ
ĪӸոոо΢Щԣ̫֮еֿ̫˵ҪֵĻǾͿһЩɣȵһεû޾ԽԽķΧøӼ͵ʱ˵ҵ֮ҲδܹˣǸʱ룬ҲȲ˴˷磡
仰˵ֱ̫꣬Ӿͻһ⣬޾յıԵȥ׼ٺ˵ʲôˡ
̫ˣ˴˻һۣҲûԭأȫѡ˺̫һһ뿪
뿪Ȼ˻뷢ʣʱ˶ѾˣȻǶԷٻشκεˡ
˴ʱһʣֻȥ޾յϣʲôڲ֮ȵ޾յϱˣһȻ֪ˡ
ʣµ֮У̫һ˴һۣȻһ仰Ҳһ⣬̫뿪ķ׷ȥ
ĪԣһϵĹâ̫̫˵Ҳȥɣˣ̫ĻɣҲ޼£һֻӦˣ
˵֮ĪɫĹâ˰УҲһ⣬޾յıԵʣµ⼸λ컯״ʱҲֻܸˡ
ڷ޾ձԵĹУ̫вɵ̾һǰһЩ׼Ҳǰ£Īӣվǳƿء
̫ʵǵֶΣ̫ԼԶԶĲ磬ǰǵһЩɴһЩӦԵľٴ룬ûóѾ̥ˡ
ͬ޾յϣѾΪһ֣̫ҲֻܰĪ˵Ӧ䡣
Īӵ޾ձԵʱ̫̫һѾվˡ
˴˴ĪԸоΧԵĻ֮ΣʼĻ֮ˡ
һٶȣʱѾ൱ĿˣĪӵҲûп̫ΪҪ˶ãǲϾͻ
λӦѾûʲô˰ɣΪֹεϽһıҵھͿʼɣ̫׵濴ŸϹĪӵˣƽ˵
˵֮󣬼ڳûκε飬ȻͿʼ
ҵҪ޾յϣõķǽҵһпһ֮£ֱӻεϣҪλһ򵥵ķ󷨣ⷽ滹̫ѱȽó̫зĻҲѶ̫֡׵ȶĪ˵
ָģȻĪƵͼˣܹ֮ӳԶĪӵƵͼȻܺʡ
ĪʱҲûƴǣֱӾͰ̫׵Ļͬʱ̧Լ˫֣ɫķ˲۳֮ķģȻΧ̿
ЩߵĻ֮ѾԶԶſˣЩڳ֮γ󷨵Ĺ̷ǳĿ٣̶ʱ䣬ĪӾͻ󷨵Ĳá
Ϊڳ̫ڣһҲֻʮһˣĪӲҪöôӵ󷨣Щ֮ϵ裬˺ܴĽȻ󷨵Ĺ̷ǳļ򵥣֮ɳɡ
ΧЩ컯棬ȻûĪôߵ裬ƾǵ׵ľܹתĹɣҲ֪ԼӦô
Īӿڽʲô̫λѾվ˺ʵλϣλ̫׵û˿ľռȥˣһӹ󷨵Ĳٿ֮Ȩ
ĪӶԴҲ⣬ֲõ󷨣Ҳܹ޾յϣҲҪ̫֣ȻûкͶԷƽıҪ
˶ռʺϵλãĪҲվճλϣӦٶϣе컯棬ʼתڵķҲ̫׵Ĳٿ¿ʼת


ھŰٰʮ 
̫׵Ĳٿ£ʼתʱ޾֮УͻȻ֮ͱһǿϢ֡
λ컯վλãһҫ۵Ĺ𣬲֪˵жԶȻÿһ֮䣬һʱǺ۵һһ
ǺһɫĹͻȻ֮ͷƫתĿͻȻۼǰȫ۵һ֮ϡ
ԭѾǳǿϢһ̣Ȼ֮俪ʼǣ޾֮УЩŶԵĻ֮һڣͷ·һ籩һ㡣
ʱĻ֮Ҳǰô޺ˣǳ˹ԣΣյģԶ磬˿ҲڲϵıĦƺҪڡ
ڤ֮µأ̫ȫӦһУΪ֮Ψһ컯棬ڻ֮ÿ飬ӦǷǳɵģû֮κε˸о֮ı仯Ϊ֮΢ÿһЩӰҲ̫
ʼˣ
̫Ŀ⣬ţĿȫܹ޾֮Уֻڴʱ޾֮УĿľ뵽ﲻôԶڶ컯˿̵µܹ뵽ġ
Ӧ޾ֳ֮ѹǿϢ̫ĿҲķһЩ仯˫ֱ˱жһЩĪĶͬʱ壬ҲȸղŸֱͦһЩ˵ĸоҲ͸ղŽȻͬˡ
һ̵·±ǸƷͳΣѻʯҳɹӮ֮ʤֻ˵Ǳ
ʼˣҪģҲϾܹõˣ
̫˱֮ͦʱȴŵģͬΪ컯磬컯棬ڸԵ˼Ϊ컯˼ֻȱ˸࣬ĳЩ⣬ҲӹһЩ
Ϊ컯֮һֱĴȻ̫ҪģΪܹΪ֮ʤߣ̫࣬ԲֻΪ˳ΪһΪ߳ͽ
޾յľͷһεϣٶȱԽԽ죬ܿ͵˸λ컯ߣλ컯棬ʱ׼ĲˣѾԼڵһַ۵̫׵ϣô˿̵̫ף·ͻĳֽޣϢ֮ǿȫﵽһ硣
̫׵Ϊܾܿ컯Ķ壬ΪҲǰķԻͣľ磬Īӵ˵İ֮󣬾ͬѾˮ֮УעԴԴϵˮѾˮӣ׵˳
Ѿ÷ǳƽ޾֮УͻȻ֮·ֱðǱÿĻ֮һ̱ѹסˣһжðڲŵǲεϣҲֹ
ţһޱ⣬Ȼ֮޾֮гֱ֣ǲεϡ
âͷ·Դһ㣬ĵϣ˸޷ķֱ棬̺֮ǿҲޱȵĿֲ
â䵽εϵʱǵԭϣҲâӰ£ʾһâ֮£߽ӴĵطѾԱƿˡ
ֻһεϣҪڶ컯֮еĸӺʵǵâͬһ㣬ѾĴ֮Уȴûнȫƣڲϵǰ졣
Īڵ컯濴һĻдǺܾȵģû뵽һεϾȻô񣬼֮ǿһȻҲû򴩣෴ǰ͸Ḷ́ƺЩѡ
ڼܹ֮εϵģֻҪȥεϣƺҲһѵ顣
Ȼ̫ıõ飬վֻ˵ļ򵥣һҲ˵˳
׼ӰѾ׵Ľһεϴ򴩵ʱе컯ͻȻоǵԪܵһӰ죬ʶһ̣ȻЩģڷתȻҲͬܵӰ졣
ʶͷܵӰ죬λ컯棬άŵĹȻҲͬܵӰ졣
ĪԪԪ«ĴڣĹкǿĵֿԣӦҲ֮У˵ܵӰСģڵķδҵ
ڱʶѵ£ĪӵһʱҵͻȻӰԴȴȻһ

ͻȻӰǵȻԼǵͶӰĴ
̫صܽ⿪ĳЩֶοʼĪӾ͸о˷ĴƺһЩ仯·һ˲Լʶһ㡣
ڸղŵҲûʱȥϸϸֻ̽ȹȫǰ飬ͻȻı仯֤ĪӵĸоûдƺͻȻԼʶһ
Ī̫׵һεĽ̸̸֮۵Ļ⣬Ҳ̫׵ûиһȽ𰸵⣬ֻһغĪƺЩˡ
λ컯һʱܵӰ죬̫׵ȴƺδܵӰ죬зǵȻάţͼƿǲεϣֻղţǼ࣬ҪƿεϣҲࡣ
ĪҲֻǿΪṩһЩ֧Ԯܲƿεϡ
ţĪָоӴ˷Ĵ֮дһεĳһεĳ̫֮׵Ҳ֧ŲסĹֱʧˡ
ĪӸղµ󷨣Ҳһγ֮ͬʧˡ
ȶԼĪͻȻоԼߣһޱĽַ֣֮Уͷ·ܹ͸ޣﵽ˷ֱӵĴ֮ǰ
ն
̫һʱ𣬾糤ʱ뽣Ħһ㣬˸оһ˿ĺ
ĺ⴩͸գ̺֮ģһֱƴҪնɱ⣬һƺԭΪնɱΪ׼һһ㡣
һУĪҲоһ˿ϤΪһֻûа취һᲢۣǾ̫һڵġ̫һն
һ֮󣬽ţĪԺ֮У·Ҳһ⣬ͨԼʹ֮ϵӶһҲ̫һһȷǵ˴֮
һĪԺ֮ҲûпĻ棬ǣһĽȴѾ֪ˡ
վһ׷Ŀֻ꣬Ǵ˷ٵĴҲô򵥵ģᱻһն
һҲûκεЧ⣬е컯棬ȫ˹˴Ӱ졣
ڰ˴ĳĵһʱ䣬̫ͷֱŲͬķȥ
̫׵ǲѾȱȥ̫ˣȫ޾յĸߴȥ·Ҫ͸ޣ͸ղŵ̫һһǴ֮
֮⣬˶վԭûжֳֳֻ̫һɢһɷ񵽼µĽ⣬ٴ֮лӳһ


ھŰپʮ 
űӰ쵽֮ȻжѸٵ̫ж֮лӽ̫һĪܹ²ǵԤ֮ˡ
ڳЩ컯֮У֪ˣ̫֮⣬Ҫ̫һˡ
һӳ̫һϵϢ˿ûм˥ǱøˣͬʱϿշȥ̫ˣʱ򣬾Ȼʧ֮С
̫һ⵽ô£ۼλ컯ʧ̫ųֽ̫һʵ
̫һԣ̫һۣûתȥ廯һ⣬ǲε϶ȥ
̫Ҫ̫һʱûʱ㵽ô£ᣬҪϿ޾յһϣ򣬿¾ûлˣ
̫һµͬʱһѾ޴ĳӰ޾յıԵ֣Ÿղ̫״ĻûüϵĿնֱֱĲ˽ȥ˿û̫׵棬Ϊ̫һ֪ԷԲµģΪ̫ס
ĪӵʣµļˣʱҲûжɣܵڻһЩûиǸղŴҶѾ˹ʶҪһͬ޾յһϣȻҪˡ
ұղţ˴εϣ˸ɣǾǴʱòһĴ
ղžҪһεϵʱ򣬴˷ĴȻʶһ㣬ͼҪֹ˵жϧ¶ʶʵ
λ컯ûκһɵӣ¸ոճɵһ֪ٵ̫裬Ҳ֪ĴӦôʶ
ͬҲǳʶĻôЩ컯˵һӰǳֲ顣
ǸԵĵͶӰȫ뵽˴֮У˷Ĵʶôпܣֱӵ컯磬ֻͼĳַٿǡ
Īӵ˲Ҫ鷢ղŴ¶ܴʶ£Ϊ˼ݻǲεϣŲòվ
Ҳܹ˵εϷǳҪô˾͸бҪһεϴˡ
īȳĪӵУһɫĹâĪһ̣ȫ¶һ֮ĵϣɢһɿֲѹ
̧еīȣĪӽǰһ㣬īǰΣһɫĹâŸղŴȱȥ
Īӵߣ̫ͬʱ̧Լ˫֣˫֮ϣ·С͵ĺڶ޾ĺڰоۼȴûֺڰѹֻ֣һƬޡ
ֻ̫ǰ£Ȼ˫ƴ򿪣ȻǰƳһεĺɫţȻ֮ڹŵ룬ڵĹâ·𲻶ݵ޵Ԩƺܹһûҳ׵Ĩ
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̫ߵ̫ͣĹǿ򵥵Ķˣֻǰ£һԴԴϵΧĻ֮Ȼֽ̧
֮󣬷еٶȿҲ죬ڲǰĹУֲֿ̺ȴԵˡ
ʣµ̫裬ȻŸոճɵʱͬҲʾͷһöǮɢ⣬öǮ֮ϣһһģһӰͬı⣬ǲεϷȥ
ҲǲϵĸǰڴҪڶιʱĪͻȻ֮оԼѾ뵽֮еĵͶӰһ̱ų˳
һ˲䣬ĪϵϢȻ֮ͽ˲٣ΪȻûе䵽컯£ȷǱһЩ
ģֻĪһˣ˷е컯棬һʵھ
ԭѾ뵽֮еĵͶӰʱȫų˳һʵһ̶ȵĽͣȴûе䡣
ǳɵһ̣ͶӰ뵽֮УѾϤ˴Ѿﵽ컯ʱ˴Ҳоĵ䣬ûа취Ӵ֮ԴԴϵļȡʵܵСӰ졣
ӦжһҲӼᶨ˴Ҵ޾ϵľġ
ŴҸղŵһԭϵȱڣһαҺ俪ķΧЩȱ֮е̫ףʱ򲻵ˣ˽е
λѣҵʱޣʱλѳȫøǿͨһٴεϣ
ĪӵԣʱҲ࿼ʲô׷׿ʼʩչԼǿͨ
̫һ¾ԼеĳֲֳֽΪָٵĻ˽Ķеѳ·һ˲־һδĥ⣬ӱ÷ˡ
ָ̫ذԼüģ˵Ŀʼ黯ֻü֮ĵطһڵĹâȴԽԽ
̫ǰٴγһתֻһֻͷСΧĻ֮ڲϵıСҲڲϵıǿ
̫֮ϣͻȻ֮䳤һɫëȻһëϵںϵһֱһŻ塣
ֶ̫αղ˵û̫ĲΪɵʱ䲻̫ô̵ʱȫԼֶΣֻʱ򣬽ԼһֱܵڶǮȫ˳Ϊһǿ
Īˣ˿̵̧˫ۣ˫֮䣬ƯһɫˮΣ̺Ҳ̺֮ĵϡ
һˮ֮У·ܹһˮԴͷ㣬սᣬССһˮΣƺܹһУ޾գҲܹУСҲ޵Ĺ
˶ʩչԼǿͨҲͬһʱ̣ϵȱڴȥͬĹֶΣڽ뵽ϵȱ֮кԭܻͻñ˴˵Ĺе̫׵ĵ֮£⼸ûлںһ𣬺ǲε֮ϡ
һ޾֮УͻȻʼҵǱͿʼÿ񱩵Ļ֮ƺһ̱øӿˣǲεϣҲʼҵ
ǲ
޾ն𵴵ͬʱĪӵˣ·Լ֮Ǵ֮д
ǳ΢ȴǳȷԲǴҵĻþģǲϴ
˵Ŀⶼ֮еһȱڣ̫׵Ӱһţһεϣ˵ĸӦ֮УȻ֮鿪ˡ
һεһɲǣĪӸоԼԪеԪ«·յʲôԭݻ֮еĵʮŵȻʼٵĳ͡


ھŰپʮһ ʶ
ԴӵʮŵʼݻĪѾȫҪݻһֱЧ΢ǽӴ컯֮ݻҲǷǳСġ
ټǰһʱ䣬Īӿеʱʵֻ࣬ݻĪӵĹƣȵݻɣ̿µóǧꡣ
񣬾εһɲǣԪ«еĵʮŵȻʼٵĳͣһķɿݻٵһ𣬳ֳһ֮ĵϡ
Īֻһ̣Լڴ֮;ϣҲҵµķ򣬲ͻ컯֮󣬾ƺǰ;·ˡ
ֱ֪仯ΪһµĵΪ޾֮еһεϣһ̱˵ԭ򣬻߼֮ɡ
Īӵϣһĵϣڶ͸¶˳ڿúܲһΧļλ컯棬ƺҪڴ
ϧڸλ컯Ŀ⣬ȴûκһתƵĪӵϣȫעڿһϣһ֮Ķ
һεѾˣһֻ֮ʲôǴҶ֪ˡ
Ȼһ֮컯Ŀ⼫ǰȥǰģȴǺ޾ƺ𲢲Ǻܴ龰Ҫϸ۲죬ܹͬ
޾֮⣬ǻɵһƬǻ֮ƺøӿˣΧҲƺø֮⣬ĺûʲôͬ
øӿ񱩵Ļ֮޾֮еĻ֮ҪвһЩλ컯ܹоָӿ񱩵Ļ֮·ܹ߱ͬܣǴ̤УҲ޷õͣ
Ȼôһ㶼ͬ޾֮⣬Ȼֻôһ仯ĻͲ˸еЩʧˡ
޾֮⣬ѵ޾գֻ˵޾գ̫ʱ򿪿˵֮Уܹһ˿Եʧ
˶ܸо޾յ֮ǰ·ı޾ˣ֮ǰ޾գȻһεϣ˸о·ܹͷһ
ɲ޾գӦý֮Ϊ磡̫յĻ֮ĪʱĿ˵һ䡣
͸¶֮ĵϣĪѾˣӦѾԼĻ֮Īڷǳȷ޾գǰģĻ硣
ĪӵĻλ컯涼ĿתҪڼʲôȴͻȻ֮䣬޾Ϸղʧ֮е̫еλͻȻһֵͬģһǿ󵽿ֲϢ
Ϣһ֣Χ㵴һĵϣͷ·׷Ĵĳǰһ̲סҪС
Īӵ˵ĿͿ̫ˣ˷ֱվĽǣÿ˵ϣһЩõ
һ˷·ܿǸֵܹ֮֮
һۣ˾ףǸһǸ֮Իͬʱ䳤һĶ
ŵĶмһ׵Ĺţͬͷ·òһ㣬ǿһۣз·ͻᵮֵеƺҲܹҵ𰸡
ǣ˷Ĵʶ
ʱ򣬿ţĪﻹ֪ܲʲô
λ컯֮У֮Ϊ˿һۣͷ·ǻ˶ֻڴʶˡ
̫ˣһֱĿģܾΪһ̣ҪĽҪģԾҪĨɱʶ
λѣҵһ̫֮ˣڳ֮ĵһʱ䣬Īӵ˴ĺ
˷ĴʶӲƾĸҲֻܽһʱûа취ĨɱԱҪ˵
̫Ҳ˻᲻æͬΪ컯棬֪ˣҲԲŹõĻᣬΪҶ˷ĴȻʶ飬ʶ˴˷λҲС
Ȼǿ֮ĪӵӦȻһʱ䣬ҾͲԼͬѡ˳֡
̫˵Ŀղʲôڣ˾Ҫһѡ
е컯׼һ֮ͬʱ֮ĴʶоΣȻ
ǽ׵Ĺţٵı仯״ȻΣһȫ¼㣬һʲݳЩֿһЩԭʼϢӡ
ЩҲԵ÷ǳãǳ֮ȴĪӵһɾ޴ΣС
ӿ˿ϻŵͻȻ˫֣ץ⼸õȻһ
ԭѾֱļһ˲øˣһ˵̫ˣһ̶ӿ
ޣޣ
һеӵĿ³һǳƽĻκεһ仰ȴѾµıݡ
ȻޣΪβʧ̫һĹе֮УٶһҲġ
Ļһ񵽼µĴ⽣ƿ˻֮ڳֵ˲䣬͵Ǹӵǰ
Ȼոճ֣žӵǰʧͷ·ڹһ̫һһȴûκεЧģȻʧˣĽ⣬ȴնӵһͷ
ڽ˵ĹȡõЧ̫һһЧʵѾǺõˡ
̫Ƿ·ܹĨһдڵֶΣӵϸûκεã̫ٴһɫëƬĻ֮һΪ·һڿһ㣬ɻûзɵӵߣĹѾʧˡ
ֶ̫̫͡ΣҲǸ޷ԷߣѾʧӰˣĪӵĹҲͬĴ
ܶôǿĹ޷䵽ԷϣͻȫʧֶΣȻ˸еͷۡ
ʱ̫׵Ĺȴ֮ģЧ
ֻ̫׵ǰһǰƺûзκεı仯ţһֻǰһ㣬һΧĻ֮һɫĻɵ⣬ֱӻǸӣЩõ壬ֱ΢һЩ
̫׵ǰһ˲ӵǰȻ˵ϣһɵĹâΧ֮ӳ֮£η·һӶ˴롣
һǰĳ֮У·ݻһֽк֮䣬״ϣֵϵĴڣͽк֮䡣
һƣ˸о̺˶һŴӵϣȴʵʵڵĻ˶ԷΣֱ΢һ˿
ɵһ֮ͻȻ֮ɫȴǴ䣬ȫ˲üȻ֮ˡ
ոԭأһ̣ӵΧûκԤ׵ģ·һƬķΧƾʧˣŵҲһʧˡ


ھŰپʮ ޡ
ڴʶϵʧ֮һߵ̫ˣͬһʱϢȻ֮ͽȥѾˡ
ĵԭֻ֮ܵ˺£Ҳͬʱ˲Ϊ棬ǵͨô򵥣ʱǣ¸Ҳˡ
ؽ飬ޣڱӦãҲӦΪޣ
⿪ӷ·֮ǰ΢һЩĿɨ˵ʱôһ˿΢ɲı仯ͬʱϵϢҲȸղűøǿ
Ϊ˷λ֮һ˷ʶĴڣȻԲλ֮һ״̬ʵҲɺǿ
ʱѾĿ׼ĪӵˣĿɨʱȻ˸оɱ⣬Ǻʣ˿̵ҪĪӵ˸ɵ
ˡޡ֮񣬴˷Ĵʶҵȴ޾յϣֽ֮˳ʱǽõĻᣬûҵ磬վ벻˻ˣλȫԸ̫׵ٴͬʱһɵĹâɢķΧԽԽ㣬ϵϢȻϰθһء
ȻϢİθߣڴﵽͻоĳ̶ȣΪͶӰӴ֮ųʵӰ죬Ѿڵ״̬ˡ
īȳĪӵУĪӸóԪ«˼һû̽ó
һΪ֪Ԫ«ܲܶԸ˴˷ʶӣڽԪ«óؼʱ̳䲻⣬ܻȡһľϲЧ
һ棬ĪӾã̫ܻк֣ʱȱһԼֶΣֹᷢʲô
˷Ĵʶӣ˴˷ġޡĲ񣬵Ųһǰʱ˾ͷ·һڶһ㣬֮ΧĻ֮ȫʧˡ
ʧһֳ׵״ӴϵʧڶջҪӿ£Ǻֶ̫Щӽ
ۼ֮д粽̫׵վԭأ˫̧໮һԲı󣬾ƾһȦԲεĹΣӳĵĸˡ
Ȼ̫׵汳һȦϣɫĹâ·һɫĹӣǰٵӹȥ
̫׵֮⣬ֳֳ̫һʱҲѡ
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Īӵ˿̫׵̫һѾٴηҲ˿ҵǴȥ
Ǿͺ͸ղһ˴๥˶ԷѾʧˣֻ̫׵ĹЧһЩ̫һĽҲǿܹԷ
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Ȧ֮ѾûĽӰͬϴһ㣬Ŵʶȥ
޾֮УĻ֮Ѿ飬һӰϳͬ翪һĳ֤ÿһӰ
̫һӰʱҲ뵽һƬӰ֮УֲΪָ˷·˽Ӱ֮УΪǿһŴʶȥ
ĽӰ֮ͬǰһڵԷǰʱͿʼԴԴϵʧֻǰĽӰʧˣԴԴĽӰȴڲϵĿʹʶ֮ľ룬Ѿˡ
ڣ̫һһ̣ӰѾܹʶˣټ̫׺Īӵ˵ǣƣ̫һֵָ⣬ڵ㵽˴ʶüĴ
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ʶȻ£֮δûа취Կáޡʶ׻ָɾͲô򵥵ˡ
£̫׵ϣҲһ͸ֱ˴ʶϣͬʱ̫պ
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һɫĻڱ̫׳һ̣ƮɢĻ꣬ٵǰȥ
һֳԻõĵ֮ͷ·һãȫ˵ǰ뵽֮С
ʶĿ⣬ʱҲıˣ˫۽ĶŻ꣬иոѵƽϢƣƣȴûһֱȥͻȻ֮䣬֪ʲôԭ򣬴ʶֱӰ죬˫֮еøӷḻһЩ
ǶɫĻ䣬ΧƮɵЩ꣬ͻȻ֮ʧˣʩչֶε̫գҲشϢ˲˥ȥ
飬ޣңʣ޵޴桭
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ص޾֮Уͷ·ʾԼʶѾһ
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һߣ̫һܵˣڿѾָˣ˫̺֮ŨŨս⣬ȫûΪղŵˣսܵ˿Ӱ죬Ϊֵǿսյøˡ
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ڣеĽȫӳһ֮ϣһն£ͬҪ糹׵ķֿһ
һ䵽£ʶֻǻ̧һֻ֣ǰһץͽµһεץУܽлնһ֣Ѿ޷ˡ


ھŰپʮ ̫һ
̫һһжǿȫԶ׼ģǿһȴǺ׵ıʶУܽƺƿһЩʶƣҲֻˡ
Īӵ˵Ŀע£ʶų֣Ȼ֮˽Ȼ󣬱еĳз·һ˲һ־޴ƾշһʹĽ
ţĺ⣬Ȼ֮·ðˣȻһѵڳÿһ컯С

һ죬ͷ·Ǵ˵һͬʱҲʶеĽУѾϳأ
ϵһ˲䣬̫һϵϢ˲һǧɣ󵹷ɶȥؿڴʼһĿնƺҪ嶼Ϊޡ
Īӵ˴˿̶ֻһ֪ԵȸղŸΣˡ
̫һõǰѳһ컯֮һ컯֮ǽΪӵĳôӲıԷˡ
̫һʵѾ֮Уʵ̫Ĵˣ⵽شοЩˡ
ĪڶЩ̫ȷóԪ«ܲܶԸѾʼˡޡʶĴʶ
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̫ںһĶԿʶĪӵĿɨ˵ʱ򣬿ղѾܵش̫ˣھһƺ׼ʲôֶΣɵĪѹСһ㣬Ҳһġ
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Īץסᣬ컯棬ȻҲŹᣬ׷ٴγ֣ҶǿֶͨΡ
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̫׵ĻĪˣΪʲôԼСͨڴʶӰ쾹Ȼôˡ
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ڲϺ˵̫գһߵֿεĲһƴȫҪȥǣûе˿һֻͻȻͽһץסתȫȴȻ޷ֻ֣ԼڵȻڿٵʧĴڣҲڿٵʧ
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ھŰپʮ 컯
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ĪʱͷڶԷϢʧһ̣͸оλ컯棬ڵĺۼҲʧ˴롣
ʱǴ˷뵽ĴеḶ́һλ컯䣬ûʲô󣬾һҲûС
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ϴʶ˿ѾڡޡʶӸĴȥĨɱ̫յĴڣ̫ȻԵֿ
һԼͬǿˣڳЩ컯ĳǷǳġ
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λ컯УŸոճɵʵ͵һҲױնɱһ
ִֻӲ֪δץ̫裬мȫûʱļֱӾ͵˶Էߡ
̫ͷƯŵöǮɢĽʱ赲һֻҪĴ֣̫軹߱һ˿Ϣ֮
ۼ̫Σգ̫ΪʦȻ޶ԣ־Ԯ
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Ī׼ʹԼԪ«ʱԪ«ʱˡ
׼Ԫ«ȡĪӾͷ֣ͻȻ֮˱仯ԭվ̫飬֪ʲôԭͻȻ֮ͱ뵽ǵɫˮ֮У̫ģԼȥģĿԼ޷Լ
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ڣۿ̫ĪУһ˲ȼܵŭ
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ԭ׼ǰĪӣ̫׵Ļ֮Ȼ֮תͷŶԷʵ
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ʱˣһҲûʲô˵ˣ̫ѵ΢һ£Ӧþܹס
ߵĵ·ҵȫͬһվԼĵ·ɾ컯֮ʱҲû컯֮Ҳǽˡޡܹ֮ϣɹΪ컯档
Ǵ޾ϵķԣҲܵˡޡӰ죬ĵܵޡӰ̫ˣԣ˲ԷΪԷ
̫ǣһֱҪ޾ǲϵĿģҲԸ㣬ҪΪͻڵľѣֻҪһЩ
ҵΪСǾã޾գѰҵĵ·֮ҪʵǵĴĲΣǾҪںϡޡУлΪޣ˲ܹݻΪĴȼĴڡ
ԣǾҪڽޡʶ֮ûںΪԺܹĴȼ磬¼ʵĻ
̫ʱڰһЩ֮ǰû˵׵ĻڸĪӡ
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ĪӼ̫׵棬ٴοʵȻˣΪʲôһȥĿֻʲô
̫׵Īôʣ㻺Ŀ˵ҵĲǵĵ·ȷģҲûв룬ҿĴɲôܳأкλȫʢ֮ʱûдһǲȱ͸ûǸˡ
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ھŰپʮ ̫֮ı
̫׵ĻĪһ˲䣬з·һ⣬ԼѾˣ̫׵յĿĵʲôˡ
˵컯ߵľ磬ƺҲûʲô⣬ԼĵͶӰ뵽֮УܹĻȷѾõˡ
ֻǴ˷֮µ컯磬Ĵ֮µ컯磬޷Ტ۵ģ̫׵ҪģǳᣬΪĴ֮µ컯档
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̫׵棬ĪӲ֪Լʱ۶ԷϸԷ飬ʱ򣬵ȷһǧѷĻᣬһɹĿԡ
޾մƣ˷뵽Ĵ֮£ʱ򣬴һУ˷õĴ
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ȣĴɲͬڴ˷Ĵ״ĴڣĵͶӰ޷˷һܹ˳Ĵﵽ컯磬ĿĵͶӰ׵ıͬҲܵӰ죬ʧڴ֮С
ĪӷǳȷԼҪ˳糵ĻܴĿԾˣΪԼ컯ΪĴ˵ҲЩ̫Сˣ򵥵˵ԼΪ绹ҪǿеûǸ
⣬ĪҪץסԵҲûǰⷽ׼Ҫֱͨ˳糵Ҳô򵥵ġ
뵽㣬ĪӲͳ׷ͷȻǴԵǰԼûץסԵ׼ʵԾֻһ߸ɿˡ
Ҫ׷ߵľ磬һ޿ȴӦΪǳ̫̫ܺգӦ䣡Īӿ̫׵棬ȻЩԷƣͬж̫̫յ䣬еӵķŭˡ
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̫ҡҡͷĪӽ͵ȥЩѵɣϸһ룬лЩġ
Ī֮󣬾ûټ⣬߲Զ컯棬һ֮еŭҲ΢һЩ
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ǰˣǾζҪɵĿҲʧˡ
һĻĪһߵ̫ףԷһ޶Եģɵÿһ
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Īע⵽Ȼ˻֮е̫ƺǱĺ֮һ֮С
һλ컯ųʱ䣬˴ŵ£ܹʵ̫ˡ
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ᣬ̫ݻġС̿ʼ𷴻ԭת˻
ͬһʱ䣬ڤ֮£̫ٵڣҫ۵Ľ⣬ȫء
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һ̵̫ȻƯ˸˵ĸоѹȴǸˡ
̫룬˿̵ķ·ѹһѹȴǳϣԼܵġ
ڽɫ֮У̫ٵϷͻȻ֮ѿһ϶һӰһֳΣͶ̫һƻ¡
͵Ӱһֱػֻص正˿̵·Ѿ쵽̫ҪЩʲôԲϧƿռҪֹڵ̫
һƻ䣬ѹ΢΢һЩһƵȴȫɫ⵲סˡ
正ڴ棬ֻصͬҵϣ㶯ò˶Ȩڻȥɣ
歵Ӱ̫û˵
Ļһ˵꣬歵ϣƺһ˿֮ɫ̫֪ԼܹԷȰˡ
ֻصѾѹˣʶҲڻ֮УԭֻؿƵ正пʱѹ
ֻѾѹƣ正˿̲ѣʱ
̫ٴһȣضЩ̫ȶ歵ĶУɫƺøˡ
һĻ̫ûм˷ʱ䣬ֱӿȥȻ֮佫Էˡ
֮е正ͻȻ֮ȴһĨƺһİֻصĿƣһЩ
̫֮ǰ˳İֻصĿƣĻָҡ
ָ֮󣬿·̫΢΢һݣȻԥƿռ뿪
֪ʲô֪ԼڲӦôǲǶ̫һִţ˵ҲǺܴΣա
ʱֻصѹƣְֻصĿƣܹӳֻ֮УֻǶߵˡ
ˣֱ뿪̫ʩΪ
ڴ̫֮Ͻɫͼӣܿڤ֮УѾɫֳ֣֮˴ϣž֮ϡ
ǽɫӵĹ֮У֮ĹѾ£ʱԵˣ˷ĴҲʱʹ֮ϵ÷ǳ΢
ͬʱ̫ԼʶҲĿʼ͸֮УԭӦڵλãԼӡǡ
ǧѷĻУ̫׵ıһöӣ̫ãԼδܱ֣ܹһĻᣬͬҲҪ


ھŰپʮ 
̫ϵĽԼʶֵ֮УҪŴʶ뵽֮ʱԼʶȡ֮ʱ
ڻ֮ڣ̫׵ͻȻֻ֮عͷ硣
ĪӼٴλعͷ֮һ˿ɫǾʶǱߣһЩ̫׵ƻΧ֮ı仯
еԪͷڶӦʲô仯ˣ֮е̫ûгɵ֮ǰȷֲ׵İռȶľ籾ߵˡ
Ϊƾ֣ܹ֮гΪʤߣ֮£ԷЩʲô˼ЩʲôԤϵ飬ƺҲǺ⡣
һκ̫ĽӴڰԼڹؼʱ̣Ҫס˷磬Īӵʱ͸оЩԸڿһӦûͦϵģֻǶԷĻԼЩӶѡ
ס˷ʵͼʵԼؼʱ̣ܹסܻᷢŭ̫׵棬Լıѡ
ȻǸĪ
̫׵Ƭ̬֮ܿƽȫûлȥ˼תͷעǰѾ˱仯ս
ڣ̫ٻġСѾѹ˴ʶ֮ײ֮ʱʶڱԽԽãڵƺҲÿһײĹУڲϵıᡣ
ѾѵġޡʶҲƺŸղŵս΢Щɢ±ѹȥơ
ǰ龰ò˶ãսֹܹ̫ͣˣҲܹԸԳˡ
ûãӰһεĽ֮󣬴ʶȻѾЩάֲסΣ»һŵ
ʱ̫ġСһѷٵץסţȻֱӽ˿Уһڽ¡
ʶ֮ĪӿʵӰ֮УԿԿһŹ⣬ڲϵɢǵԭʵȻʼϵʵ
ʵͬʱĪӸеľһ㣬ǵӰ˫֮УȻһ⣬ͷ·ġСҪһ
λͬҪַʽɣĪͷȻӾ
ͬʱĪߵ컯棬ʱҲһ㣬һҲֻ̫׵΢΢̾һȻ󿪿ڶ˵
λѲؽţСܸģϾһֻǣ̫ǣ·վ߲ѽ
̫׵Ļ˵꣬ѾʵġСеøˣͬʱͷ֮ϣȴͻȻ֮ĵĹ
ĵ֮УĳĵӰǷ̫˵ӡ
Ǵ˿ڹ֮ƺǳĽʹ࣬ȴζ޷ĵ
ţĵٵںϵһ𣬱ڹע֮еĵӰҲһںϵһ֮С
ԭȽںϵһ֮󣬾ģ̫·ûһͼ̫̫뵽ߣ̫ʼǳмһߣĸ˵Ӱ׵Ϊһ壬û뵽ǵӰ֮С
Īӵ˿һĻˢˢĽĿ⿴̫׵棬ղ˵Сܸǰȴ˸оĻƺû˿ĿŶȡ
̫ˣڵģֱѾΪһ壬̫ΪСĸںϵһ񲻾ǡСʶѾܹϳˣûа취ȫգҲܹһְɡ
ĿԼ̫׵ǲŲæҲû˿Ϊ˽͵Ĵ㣬ôվ￴š
ֻǵں֮󣬲ûʧǱøӴ׳ˣҸˡ
ƺ쵽ڤڤ֮ĴһĪĵϣݵǵӰ֮ϣǵӰϵϢһ˲ǿࡣ
Ŀ⿴Īӵˣԭгֵ⣬ʱȻʧˣ϶ҿնͷ·ʣµֻǵһ㡣
ڿĪӵһ֮Ӵڻ֮пһһǰǰķ򣬾ȻĪӵ硣
ԷȥոһˣһĲɵ
ۿԷȷ̫׵˵ûиΪСɶԷҪǰڵ磬Ƭ粻ĻôڳˣҲòֹ
˻ѯ̫׵ʱ̫׵ʱȴٶһֱӾǵӰȥĪӵ˼״Ͽϣֻˣҽ˵̫һΪٶȲſ첻ˣԶԶ˺档
ٵĿԭ磬źһξ룬ĪӾѾǷ磬˿Ѿȫıɫ֮͸ģ̫Ϣ
ǵӴƬ󣬾ȻվﲻˣûгĵֻΪҲûκε飬ֻĬĬվ￴š
Ȱ̫ѵǺƣϧȴûʵẦԼẦ˴˷簡
˵֮ǰ̫׵濴űȫס磬̾һ˵
Īӵԣʱû˵ֻǶڵ϶Ѿˡ
̫ڴüǺ̫׵⣬ֻ̫׵ͨᣬɾʹ֮µ컯̫˷Ĵ־뵽֮УΪ˷һĴڡ
ԷѾɹ˴룬̫׵˼̫վʧܣһ۴˷硣
λ컯澭Ѿˣڻһûд꣬ǰֶһ£ĵһ£ɫһӱøѿˡ
ֱ̫ӿһҪ뵽֮УȻֹ̫ɵһ֮ȴԼȫֹ⣬ûа취硣
̫˵ܳɹıȴΪ컯˿ʱͬһĴڣҵȿºѽ뵽ڣҾУҲֹˣ
̫ͽ뱻裬̫׵˵˵ʱĿʾһվǵ޴Ӱ
̫͵˻Щ̫̫׵˼ĪӣʱԼһЩ뷨
̫ҲûԼ˼ѾųԼϢıãͷ·֮Уֻһ仰
˷磬ѾҪ׵뵽Ĵ֮ˣӭһԴϴͬҲǶԴ˷һγҪȥסҵĻԵͬʱҲᾡֹ̫Ǵ˷İΣҪиλˡ
仰Ļһ䣬̫׵Ѿ׵ʧˣһϢû£ţĪӵˣͻȻоڤڤ֮У·ΰĴͻȻ֮併ˣͬʱҲһǣĴ
Ĵ٣ĪӵҲоԼϤĺܶණʼʱ仯һЩ֪ĶŤתһЩԭĶ˸ı䣬ǽĵ·Ѿˡ
УܻᷢһУһҲˡ


ھŰپʮ 
ԴϣĪӺĵ·һ󲿷ֵʱ䶼
С֮ʱǿĪһĵ·֮УĪȻѾ֪˷ĴĴҲãԼӦҲܹ֮һ
ֱһ̴Ľ٣ĪӴ֮ĴףǺΰ£Ҳ£վҲܵɡ
ŴĳҲǴϴĪڸӦŴͬʱѾ뵽Ԫ֮еԪ«ʱͬҲӭһϴ
Ԫ«֮Уһʮŵڴ֮£
ھʮŵȫĹâÿһ֮УЩģڴĳˢ֮£ʼ仯¿ʼ顣
ò˵磬Ԫ«ϵĻԵ
ԭڴ֮£һҲɾ
ƫƫ֮ⷽУԪ«ݻʮŵҲĴƿ֮С
˷뵽Ĵ֮£ڴ˷֮еһУȫ뵽֮УȻһЩıˣЩıʵǳ΢СĶδı䡣
˷֮УֻԪ«ôһһ磬ֻһȫܹݵ£ܹɵ£ὫϴΪ
Ԫ«֮Уһڴĳˢ£ֿʼ·仯ʱĪӸоԼʹ֮䣬ҲڲϵԼбԽԽΪǺڿٵ
Ԫ«ķֻЩϧǣַرǿңԴĪӵҲǺܴ
Դĳϴ񣬶ڳЩ컯˵ʱʵǳݣĹ򣬴Ҿ˫ۣȻһһۣ˴֮䶼̬졣
˸ղŵĴϴ֮󣬶ڽܻᷢһУжѾ֪ˣҲ֪ЩǴ޾յ֮ձȻᷢ顣
ֽڴ˷˵ʵԱȽϺõĽ
޾յϣάסԭյĽ޷һЩʱ䣬Ȼȵһգڵ磬׵ı޾յûһдڣ޾ձȫΪޣȻ֮Уޡ¸Ϊһ
ֽʵ㲻ǰǣܹ鷳
˫֮ǰ磬ܿĲд֮е飬һ̶оҡػΣѽԼվȣֻЩΪ߳ģǿеסԼ
ĴߣʱѾ׷׸ڤӸղ翪ʼǾѾоЩļ£ͬ췭ظһĶ͸ǲò
ǵڤЩĴߣȴƺʲôˣȴǸоһΣա
ովĳˢϴȻûа취λ컯һ֪׻ᷢЩʲôǶ絽׷ʲô飬ǵȴµһЩ
ڸоΣ֮ЩȻûѡ뿪ǴȴԼͬģʱѡԸΪıȡů˴վһ
ϯӦʱǴӻóͼдĸλߣôʱ׼ţͼĵһʱ䣬һͼ֮ӦΣ
ܿ죬ڤ֮е𶯣ͱԽԽǿңڤأʼϵѿһ϶ڤĿռ䣬Ҳһƣȫһѣڤ׻龰
ڳλ߶о˷ֻأڶѾˡ
֮ѿķ϶֮Уһɫ͸˳һɿ񱩻ŵķ϶ҲڤеĸλߣӸоľ
ϯӦʱԥչͼڳеߣȫͼ֮С
һ̣ڤĴ֮£˸ҫ۵⣬һɿֲϢĳ֣Ҳڤ·Ʈ
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ǵɢŽɫӰȫϳ˭ˣ˵һλ컯棬ʱ֣ӦƽϢΣģ̫ϸоģȴֻһΣպĮ
Ưڽ֮е̫˵ϢܲԾ˫֮з·̺֮֯£ȴֱһּµĮ
ɢ⣬Ȼޱȵĺƴ󣬵ȴ˻״̬ǳĿ񱩡
Ѿչͼλߣʱ̫Ȼо˾޴ѹôҴĵ׾ٷ
̫Ŀ⣬Įעһۣͷ·ڿһ㣬Ȼûٴеˣٴλ⣬͸ڤĽޣֱǰ˴ء
뿪֮ҫ۵ⲢûϨ𣬷ڤ֮ӿڤһ˲û
ֻ̺֮Ҳһ˲ϯڤڤ֮е򣬶ϯ֮飬ѾѿڤأǱȥһ㡣
ڤ֮еڶ֮УҵǶֻֿҲЩǱ߻һЩӦԵӦɵġ
Ϩ֮˿ɨһڤһʱ֮䶼û˵ˣƬ֮󣬴һһۣȻһλĴĿڣһ˵
̫ǻٵڤ
ĻߵĴߣҲû˳ΪʵͰǰǸûа취
ͻȻ֮䣬ϯӦһ뵽ʲôɫ˲Ϊ֮䣬ʧеãشϣ
ϯӦڳٵĴߣɫҲͬʱ䣬ΪҶʶ̫뿪ڤ֮󣬿ܾ͵˴ϡ
ڤϵȻҪһЩ飬̫ڴϣҲͬڤ֮һɨһ飬ô´ϵ飬նҪΪһˡ
̸ϵʱ򣬴˿Ľ֮ڣʳķ֮ھȶסĽҪ̫ζݸҲƴȫԼΧա
ɾ˹ؼʱ̣һȴֱʣֱӴ͸˽ɫķ֮ûʳķ֮һ˲ͱЩ
ţǽ֮гһӰڷ֮ϣ·ܿܿͬһЩϳǵӰΨһ컯̫
ɻûеϳ̫˸ˣͼ̫ƣ۵УһŽɫ̫ǰҲ·飬â̵Щ۾ˡ
һŽɫ̫̫ĮȻȻ֮һѹǿŽɫ̫·ķ֮ȥ׾ٵؾͽ֮͸Ȼ·Ĵء
һ̣Уһɴֲвǰɵ˲־塣


ھŰپʮ һ
ǽɫ۶ɵĽҪ䵽ϵʱ˶Ѿ˫ۣΪ֪һ֮£ƾʵûаĿܡ
Ȼʱ򣬿Ҫ䵽ϵĽɫȴǳͻأʧˣͷ·ûгֹһ
ͬʱ֮⣬ĪӵƿڵһȱڣǸղʧĽɫĪУŻ˦ȥ
Īļλ컯棬ʱĪӵĿ⣬΢һЩ
ǲŸոƿڵȱڣĪͨ͵ȱڣһδϵΣֶΣԼ
Ĵոս٣һԴĳˢϴǶ˽ĵ·ͬҲ֪ʵо޴Ľռ䡣
ĪӸղһ˲ı֣ǲãǲĪڸղԴĳϴ֮УΪѾǡ
ûкߵ˽ʲôΪڸûʱ䣬ĪֱӶ˿˵λѣȽȥֹ̫λȶס磬лס֮е飡
Īӻһ˵ֱ꣬ǰһתڵķͨ˱ƿڣǿƿһڵ뵽֮С
Īӽ磬ʣµ̫衢̫ͣиϵ̫һ˻һۣ̫Ϳ˵
ҽ֮Уȥ֮е飬̫һˣͺ̫һס磬Ҫô˷ˣ
̫ô˵̫˵ͷߵ̫һ΢һ£Ҳصһͷ
ʵʵ˵̫һʵʣµ֮ǿģѾˣټΪһޣսȻǿҪס飬һ治̫ͣ
̫ҲǸոճɵ飬̫һһס˷磬ʵҲȽס
˵ͷӦ̫֮Ϳһ۰վǵӴӰҲһͷʹ⻪Ÿղƿڵȱһͷ˽ȥ
ھ˴ϴͳ֪˽̫̫֮ᷢһ˴϶֣ʱ֮Ƿݽ٣Ѿ΢һЩ
ʵЩǳļ򵥣Ҫ˴˵жԵ֮ĳԹõķʽȥȰܣǸһЯֲܶԸĹͬĶ֡
˿̵龰Ȼģͨģľ޴Σǰʣµ⼸컯棬ҪϺ֮еЩ飬ҲӦʱķſ֣֮ǶǴ˷顣
Ī»ص֮󣬵һʱ䣬ֱӳ˴ϣУǵɢſ񱩵ӰĪӲɵ̾һ
һо̫׵˵̫Ƶ̫ԼȴûƵʵȴԼҲҪ硣
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ʶܿѾ֮ˣȡģ֮УС͡ޡʶ
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λʵҲûг׵䣬ǵսڼֻǴĽ棬ݻĽ档
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ҲΪһ㣬Ż̫ĵɡ
񣬴˷Ҫڴ֮£ѾĴʶ֮⣬֮вĴȫ̫ϣҪĴ
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Ĵ٣ʵС鷳ܼ򵥣ֻڴ֮£һҲڡС͡ޡһɣ
ĪӽԼ̯īȾУ⻪תһĵϣɢ˳
˴ϴͳ֮Īӷī컯֮ƺҲ˼ĿܣҲȵһΣ֮컯֮Ǵ˷֮Ʒߵıˡ
óīȵͬʱԪ«ҲĪӵͷ˴ĳϴ֮󣬳ΪԪ«ϵֵϣͬĵüһ̺ܣ˸еֲ
ƺֻĮȻ֮ɫġ̫ڿĪóԪ«֮ɫƺһ˿ݣɢ⣬˲ֱǿ˼֡
ĪûٺͶԷϻеīǰһ㣬ֱӹˡ̫һȫͨͨƺûκֵóƵĵطʵһеȫǱī֮Уûһ˿һй
īǰһɲǣѾˡ̫ǰ̫ҫ۵⣬һγһ̵ıݣεĵǰཻһɲǣΧĿռ䣬ȴһεɨƬĿռһ˲顣
ĪͷԪ«ʱ򿪣ɢһεҪ̫С
Ϊ֮Ԫ«һɢڵĪӿһּ컯Ҳ޷ڵġ̫ܻ컯֮ϣҲδܹˡ
Ԫ«̫ȷ޷ֵǣǰɹʱҲӦԣ徹Ȼһ˲뵽һ޵״̬״̬֮£κӰ죬ְ취
ĪӼһĻͷԪ«ǰɳڷǰĹУԪ«ٵı󣬱һΣֱײ޵ġ̫ϣ޵״̬֮ǿд˳
ͬʱһʹâ֮£䵽֮󣬿ٵɢ·һ˲䣬͸һɴ£еɽû©
ˣ֮ϣͬҲˣʵĹâǿ֮еǳھ֮ϣʱûӵ
ʹâ£֮䣬·ͻȻһ֮ԭʧЩ飬Ҳٵ侲
̧ͷգ֮еӰ֪ǵݣͬҲڴţⳡͻΣܹı


ھŰپʮ ̫
ʹâ£ĪӸо磬أΧĿռ䣬ʱѾӹˣĪҲܹоעԼĿ⣬һЩĿ⣬ԼϤӵġ
Ī֪ڵԼеϣ̫ͻ飬̫һ̫裬֮Ᵽ粻ʱԼһҪǰġ̫
űԪ«֮дġ̫ĪӹĽ˿ҷŻһ߽īǰ׳һ˫ͬʱٵĺ£ȻѸٵĴ򿪣һöɫӣˡ̫
Ԫ«εһγ֣ͼٴν̫С
һĹ֮£ոձ״̬ġ̫ƺЩӦѾǰĹΪС͡ޡǴ˷ķˣ̫ʱ治ôýġ
ڵġ̫ʵĪӻҪǿֻԪ«ǿܣԲһʱ֮䱻Īѹ·硣
ΣͷӦԵİ취ֻϵⱩǣӲһīȵĹΪīȻУ󱻴һء
ΪȥȻûаԪ«ǣΪĹϵȴ˸ʩչĿռ䡣
Īһ˲о֮еĹ򣬷·ͬһһȫˡ̫ϣϼӳһ֮
ĪӴöɫӣ֮󣬾ͱԷ綼һǿеѹˡ
Ԫ«ڶԷϵʱȻڷãǡ̫ȴվȻ磬ʱԪ«Ҫ뵽Ԫ«֮һ
Ԫ«ΧĿռ䣬ѾԪ«뵽Ԫ«֮Уռ䶼Ť
ע⵽һĪӣһֹͣԪ«ٵ۳һɫˮΣš̫ȥͬʱĪҲеЩΪѡ
̫˿̵״̬ǽĹٽĵãڴ֮Ϊԭ˷ĲܹѾȫˣܹ룬ΪЩ򱾾ġ
ĪӵԪ«Ϊһʱġ̫˵ǰвĶɡ̫ӹ֮Ԫ«ڰѶԷ֮ǰͻȰУĪӲò˼ɣʱԪ«УɽĴ㡣
оԼϵʧˣͬʱٴԼϮһɫˮΣ̫ܹǳĸо̺ԼһССˮζΣա
ǰͻȻеһԲεĺڶ͵ɫˮ֮ǰƺͨռֶΣɫˮŲƵ𴦡
ɫˮڽӴһڶֱ֮Ӵڶ֮ѹûбŲߣɽ滹һĺڶϵĴԽ֮ɫˮҲľʧһڶ֮С
ĪʱѾסīȣ߶컯֮ݺݵǰһɫĹâͽɫײüѾӹ˵Ŀռ䣬ʱҲٴ顣
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֮ı仯ͳ׵СͨΧеġ̫оԼع֮ϵѾ׵ĸˡ
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ͬʱ˫֮УҲһ۳һöɫӣ뵽ˡ̫ڡ
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Դ䣬ȻԣЧҲ׸ĪѾĸоˡ
ô̵ܶʱĹڵķڲϵ½ڵⷽ磬Ҳһֳ׵񣬸ݲȻ˴˷ˣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲնɱĴʹ
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֮ƣֻܽϣ̫ó֮˵нİ취
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ĪӵĿ⿴ҲĪӿڷʣ̫;ҡҡͷĪ˵˴֮䣬޽⣬ƾҵ޷⿪˴䣬Ҳ첻
̫͵ĻĪԭŵһ˿ϣʱ򳹵׵ˣһĳ˹ȵף˲˳Ĭ֮С
Լʱ䣬ĪͻȻ¶һ˿Цݣ̫˵ȻˣǾȰ¶ɣ״̬ɽ飬ҲʡһΪɢ֮Ҳˣ
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һ˵꣬ĪǾһֱԣվǰӰһɫĹâֱӴüġ
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ݵʱȻṩˣĪԼȴԣȻһֱĪӲһޣǿȲûʲôʵĵطΪ컯ǿߣĸ߶ѾȻҲ̫
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ĪȥԼĸĸԼĺհףһЩϵĵѣڴ˷֮УѪԨԴһЩˣҲԼ֮еĺ󱲡
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Ŀ⿴Ī뿪ķƺԼܹǵӰȣ̤âЬղſźᣬڻζȴһ˵ĳƮȻɡ
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