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ߣʦ

ݼ
ɣһ磬Ψֲ壬ΪǣΪˣͨƣʼǿ֮·
޵֮޵ȴ֮ǰֱ
һӡƾ󷨣
һİ˻Ϊ֮ݷ
һЦת죡

һգҪʥ³


1 ƣ
ִ½ħĹռ벿ֵ򣬹˹ʮޣӶħ̾ᶫϣ֮Ȯ壬һƬĮΪ̾ᣬΪ֮أдƬɽΪӣ½Χãã޼ʵĴ󺣣û֪жôĹ
Զʱڣ˲ɽ֮񣬸˿Ƴؼһ٣ʮңʮ壬֤ʥ
ʮǰƵ۴սڼ֮Ұʮһλʩչħ¶ħ󣬻Ƶ۴˲أƵ۲ɽ֮ͭƳһڴӣǰ죬ۻصһʱ޹⣬ɽѣʮһλԼħ֮䱻Ϊޡ
ӣȣħ𣡾һۣԯɾ͵ڶλʥ
֮ɣʮԺ콵£׽˳ɾ͵λʥ
ʮǰħսս˰֮꣬廮Σһֱϯִ½Ⱦ켲ʵǿʿ⡣
ʱһǿߺճũϣũۼѣв̣ǲɽ֮Ϊѣɽۣ֮һڻѩ򣬵Ӿ䲡ħ
ˣλʥֵˣʥΪ档
ڷߣ˲Ϣɣ׺ʮ½֮ǿ߱ȴܳɾʥߡ

У
ʱֻоһͷǣһҲˣһĳ߷һһ١
ĶҲô
Ϊˣ̳ʢȻʱڼŪЩдӣԽԽڼѵʹ£μྩоٰȫɴ
ֻǵԼʮ󣬾ƣߣһͷ˵ϣôأΧİĻƵһƬãȻ︡ǧʺš
һƬưܣѾѹһңɼ֡
Ҳ֪ʲôԴǿʧޣҹһ꣬һˮӡ
ȥˮԼĳƵݣһմü߷ֵƣȴۡ
ô£
ɻ󲻽ʱԺƿբһһɼӿƶʱͶסˣֻ۾ֱֱĶǰ϶ᷢƵֻĹת
һƬƬƬƵĴϣҲ֪˶ãеĹɢǻˮƶͻȻļеޱȵ𾪣ʹԼЩš
һȫͬ磬絽ȻʮֵĹ죬ֲֻԣ֪Ӻʱʼһ౻Ϊߵʿ㿪ʼͨأ壬Ϊǿ
ӹĦûͣЪǿߣǶԿսеΪߣÿһִ½ͨ˵롣
⸱ԭɽԼոõļҲƻЩףԼɣôĪܵ磬һ⸱壿
ɽĹˣĸʣֻΪһҲгһܳΪߡ
ϧǣ۹ַַٰСϰܹѵģΨһϣǰһЩɣյӣֻǣշѡ
ǣΪ룬ɽֻҪ˵Ǹеӣ۶Զȥȫɽһһεʧ飬ʮ굽ڶʮ꣬ʱ䣬ݸɼҪܱˣȴûһγɹ
ǰ˵ɽҪɽͽɽһγˣģֻΪԲԼһΣܳΪһССͯպڴ½ߣΪһλҲ֪ˡ
˳꣬ɽб꣬ȴȾ˷纮ղˣȴᱻƸռ
ɽǹִŵģ
һ̾ɽȫ޷Ȼ˵ִţܴɽµļоʮǿҵ
Ʒ˷Щ֮⣬ֻͷøмҲȣͿС
ȫ֪Ǹʲô
ɽɣҪҪȥأ

ɫԴЩΣͷƣ۵ȥЩûںļ䡣
ޣԼֳģרҵƺܶԿУƶոµϣ

֮֮
Ƴ˺棬һҹƻǾȥɽɽѾǲԶˣҲɽԸ
һ磬Ʊͩľٺңڼпʼ·ܰ벮ɽˣеĻǾ͵һˣ档
ʱ򣬲ɽѾǣһ󽭵סƵȥ·
ˮӣɣ
ˮϣ֪жȥֻԼԼ԰Ǳ߼Զһӵĸɽɽļ֪Ǿǲɽˡ
ˣô죿
Űããĺ棬ͷôùɣô쾢ۿҪɽˣȻᱻһӸסȥ·
ϲţҲдֻֻмֻˮ񣬲ʱĴˮӹһƨڵϣзѡ
С磬Ҫô
޼ƿʩʱ򣬴Աߵ«έһСһҵ̣С
۾һһվԶԶĶ̺ҪҪ˼ң鷳Ѵ
Ӧһܿ죬С˰ߣϲ޷ӣˣ޾֮·
ҽŸ̤ϴȥ뵽ʲôְѽŸ˻ϱԵЩΡ
ôˣС磿ɻʵ
ƸЦһңûǮ
̸һЦСֻԵˣմǮС磬ϴɣ

һ£˵մǮȻɻ󣬵ܴԥ˴ȥ
С磬Ĵ磬ӦȥɽİɣСŶ԰ʻȥ̵ĿƵϴ˼£ʵ
Ƶ˵ͷЦֻȥܲѡϻһأ
ѡϣѡϣ̹һЦҽտǷ˻ųŵģ˵ҽҪˣСǹˣȥɽ϶ѡϡ
ʲôˣҿҲǳ˲ŶԣҪϣҿ»ˮأһãǽϼˣ
Сգʵ
ƣƴת˿ԶɽȫѰأ޹ϲɽֵʧˡ


2 ͯ磡
ԣ˸룬СԲ죬ȫ߱ȱȽǣҲн֮ˣ֪ǧǰĹλŵ꣬ͬҲȫ˼רһ󲻽ɾ񣬶һĹ󽫾ַȮֵʱһ𣬺Ȯְ
רһ
һ㶣ȴû˵ι£ɽªŰɣ֮һɻƴһ˼ң㶮Ļͦ
ȻһЦһУȥӭ˶ˣȻҲͶˣ
ƽŽɵĵ˵ͷȴûȥ̵Ļȴһ߻һߴƣҲ֪Щʲô
ڵϣѵüô峺ĽˮµĿӷ紵Ʊг죬˿֮ϵĹȡ
Ӧͩľ죬ʵز΢΢Ūһң֮ʮöɽһĻģȻ㲻ϼƷɽһֱһ
ֻңʥ˷ٲͬʮҶӦʮٶӦ̡ǡ硢ǹ
ЩССʧΪ˵ȴ֪֮вϸ˵ٻȱҡ
ȻҲѧǶԾ˵ʵõĻҲǡߡ䡢߸
ڵĵʷϣҲйٵĴ˵̳ĩ꣬ΪټһңΪң֮ʱּһңΪҡ
ңвѾʷϵһ޴ͻƣ磬ͬй䶨ҵĴ˵ɽļƵ֪ڼ֮󣬱ʧ
ȻЩʧһʱҲҲʵĲϸټȥõľͲˣʲô

ﬡ
ָᲨңöڿտĺƮԶԶ
ʲôأ룬Ƿһ˿ȡ
һҶۣز˫翸ǣһƺȾ˼𣬺Ⱦǧĳŵ
˶ཿӢԹŶ顣׷ֻΪհߣһƷʱݣⱭһٴͷ
һΡԺдߵ߳ƺܿ͸

ԵԳȴ֪ǳẈ̂
ķ鶯
޷Ѹٵۣһ磬Χˮ洵ûˮȻСȴ̩ɽˮ˳嵽ߣһεһ㣬Զı˿ȥ̳С˷ˣȥʮֹ졣
ɽļ֪磬̶ֿ壬תΪȴû뵽ԼһȻҲܹ
˷ƣŶ룬Ӵѹѹǣҧ֧ţǸ߿ĸ滺ϵѹ
ɽɣɳȥͷǷǳɰת۳ɿգνӿԾжΡ
գĪͷЦΣ··ߣŮ󣬷绨ѩֻǷ󣬸һƵԵ꣡
ˣ
һ£һƹƿͷƲ㣬ǲĶͷûƵ塣
콵£
̱˫

½壬Ժ֮лȥʶУڵҹȼһ򣬽⻮׹ʶ
ˣ
ֻʶһһѸٵܵһʶѸγɣЩϣһֱŶʼ͸ÿһëףƵ֮л۶ȥ
Ƶ壬γһɾ磬޷ʶһɽһɣһһĳˢƵǱȪ֮һƸоǰδеź
Ҳ֪˶ãƽϢû˫ۣʱעȫԼʶС
ʶԼɼһССļ̨һ׼ȴǹӶׯϣ̨һǳǳˮأˮرϣֻмߣȶİɫϸһȴԼһģһ
ɽǳ֪֪ǰ̨ߵĸ̨
߾ɣʶôһ̨Ȼܹ壬֮Ǵ治סģ뾭תΪǷС
е˵Ǻһһǳǳİɫڳصâܳнһ硣
ͯôҾȻΪͯˣ
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ԼǽûеĺҰһ죬Զƣ㱼䣬Լǿ֮·
ȥУֻ̨𣬷ֱΪ̡ǡ硢𡱣ȻԼ̨ȴ񣬶ңɫлһ˿ɫ
ѵΪոǵ⣿
룬֮ǰǵйϵɡ
׿СϿȥǰأֱš̡ǡ硢֣ʣµĺ͵ǰشȴһƬհףδ
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䣬ǰŽ⣬ٹ˳
Ƽ״һϲָŵΪ̣
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ۣ¿Բˣ
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ˡ
֮ʱ֮дһһ½ƿƲ㣬Ӿⴹֱ¡

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ʲô
һ𾪵ĿƣǧɵĹ½Ӿⴹס档
̴һУһȷУ̼仯ΪһȣȫڵͣƵߣĿԣԡҫĿĽ֮С

յĹ򣬽Ѿɢ̨΢ЩɫԣеĺҲʵ˲٣Ѿ˳صס
һϲû뵽ôһĹԼĺȻô࣬ôȥò˶ãԼԿֹˡ


3 ɽǣ
Ʋ֪ۣɣǿĹ£Ȼ޷ȣѾ㹻ɾһλˡ
ϧƸͯ磬޷סӴĹ£ڴĹɢװ˷һ֪ЩĻ֪ܸܲ˵

˳žתһȦƳ³һ˫֮ʱֻѾ˰ߡ
С磬ˣһЦݵĿơ
һڳɾͯϲ֮УȴûзϵıʲôŹ֣𣬱˰ϣл˼ҡ
ҡҡͷСոյʲôӣͷһδأ
ΣЦ
ô̸˸룬ڻζӻͳһŻƲƵȥǰһλҵģһŴģףСǸɵˣתɣ
ʹãһ£ûȥӡ
ЦʹãոСһҿǳأⶫҲֻǱѣ
ڨڨĽ˹̧ͷ̿ȥ˼ңһ֪أ
ڰһţƮȥվڴͷŰߵƺͷҸСһ·˳磬ף˳벮ɽ
յټǸֵͷһҶ۽ԶȥЩɻ߶һ䡣
ͷ˿ŻƲչһС֣ԭһףΪס
ΪæŸ·ҲûϸȥãǻƲͩľ٣תɽķȥ

û뵽ô׾ͳɾͯȥɽӦܹѡ˰ɣ
һûԷʮƣ˿ȴǾȣΪ֮ͯ徭֮ǰ֪ǿ׳˶٣˻ȭͷǵһٽ
һ£ִ½ȫɸɣΪͯ㣬ɵģ½ҲǷǳϡٵġ
Ϊ֮ͯ󣬱ɽ֮תΪȴﵽֹ磬ƾʮ˰ţΪС
ֹ֮Ϊʦʦ㲻Ҳɴﵽŵĵزƾգ죬ȴﵽͨھ磬ֱܼӳ֮£ѵرɽ춯ء
û뵽Ŀ統̫˲˼ˣоǹɳӯлϲ¸ǽɡ

ɽ
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ഫ֮ǰһλΪٵ֣ɽе٣һԷûԷе⾳ΡΡ־ڸɽ־ˮ
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ҽлԣ
ڶλһģˣӣȥɱҲӶ˵ʲôֱ֣ӾͰָԲϡ
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оɫһҡҡͷЩϧĵȫһ㣬ϧûʺȥԣһλ
еƢʮ㣬һֱתȥĿȥߵĸǷֺ̳ȻƣԽãϵҲԽãоȻƹ⣬ǿɲһ㰡ϼˣȻȫǸǲס˼һ֦㣬ʵδزһɾ͡
ķܶ࣬յȽףɷΪ֮֮չֿɷΪսҽȵȡ
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͸ո˵ֻһϼѵĹԸǣȻ޷٣Щӵףӡĵȵ˵ȴ°빦ġ
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̧ͷ˿ǰλꡣ
ФԴˣ
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ûж˵ֱԲָָʾһ£λФİַȥ
ˡ
âСӶĸɫһɫһĻӣƶˡ
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Ф˵ͷóҲ˷ܡ
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ĺɽһʦ壡ҲЦ档
лʦ壡Фһ
һ˵ţĺջЦݣФһԵƬ̣ĿƵϣʲô֣
ֵԼˣЩССļ֪⸱ûΪԼıأҪ֪ԼѾɾͯˣӦòɣ
ƣ
¼ƱԼ֣оͺǰԼμĳ̨ѡĿĺѡֳһ
ĺϵƲƲԴƻ⣬̱ȲĽַȥסǸԲ


4 ̻ˣ

ЩȣƺǸФµ£ȻƸеŹֵǣֶȥˣ̾ȻûаķӦһӶû
ĺϻЩڴһĻϵıʱסˣĿƵϣƷ˫пЩͬ顣
ޣĺҡҡͷƵˣ
ȫģĺǼöˣ޵ģôѡͽͷһϣ࿴һۡ
˰ΣĺҪ̯ˣʱôܣǰǲǻˣ
ĺԣɫһӾͲÿˣ˵ʲôзǻỵˣ
֮ǰȥɣͬҲǣȻȱһģȻǲƷҲȫްƵ
ĺһ㶣վһԵФԣٶȴʣȻõģĺֿƣԣ
İַȥʧǣûκεķӦ
ôܣİԸˣɽļԹܶΣĲһޣôȫأ
֣Ǵ˰ɣǲģʱԱǸФмûĺԼɽʦɲСݡ
ФȻƽܸͣоһ˿߰ͱģҲ˵ֱӶͬЩͷĻĺѾɾͯˣνͣ
ɾͯˣĺԣϱԵЩ⣬һƵ֣Ŀ̽һȻƵڸӦ˵ĺת
⵹ЩŹˣſƵ֣ĺгɻһ޸ǵˣ޳ͯ
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ʱְɽһѿ߳һ£ȥʮ˾Ķ̷ꡣ
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̷ĻĺĿФϣüһ˿ԥǻһ£ƺ뵽ʲôȻתƣǰɣ
ǣӦ
ĺ΢΢˵ͷɽȱջۣԸ⣬ұɽԸĻھͿɽȥˡ
ô
ԣЦһ£ԼģǵˣһǸջۡ
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Ȩһ֮ƶŻĺ˵ͷ
ƵͷĺһϽóһľƣָľ黯˼£Ƶ֣ľƽƣɽԼȴФˡ

Ŵ󿪣ɽԳһ⾰һһʯȥ·һ㣬ѾɾͯƣĸоΧŨ
֮ɽ¿ҪǿǸĺõطɽ֮һƬ۴αȵĽȥЩӳ¾ɣȴׯϴɽŴһʯϵɶ֣һ۶η
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ǴˣӦþҲ߲ȥҪȻҲôԵ֮ӵĵȽӦòͣҲ֪Լûпܴ
ڴߴ٣ƻعϽȥʦֹգ
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΢΢ףҲԼ֣һСţȻֱɽȥˡ
СҪȥĶ˰춼ûطǰԽԽƲЩɻ
𼱣ǰ棬Ͼ͵ˣСŻ˽ŲͷƵһ˵طСĽ㣬ɲǸò£


5 ־
չ¯ôЩɻ󣬿Сֹɫƺηʲô
˵䣬СѾ߽һƬ֣һʯСǰһµСԺƵǰ
դΧһݣԺҶֻĸʳƶ˵ĵδӰ쵽ǽʳһƬ񾲣ԭлһ֮ȴ֪ʲôס
ԺǰСѹɤţλƢ̫ãֽЩðᣬ֮ǰѾкü۱ˣ
סʲô˰ջôЩɻ󣬻Ҫ᣿ǿЦɣ
ˣȥɣҾͲȥˣ֮ԼСľǣСһ䣬ԺһƣԺʲôһתһ̾ˡ
ι㵹ǰѻ˵ͣȻСѲӰ
Ҳ̫˰ɣЩҡҡͷͲµʲôò£ոջĺǲǸФ£ԲŻֵԼģϾʱֻԼФˣԼɵĻľФˡ
С뿪ǰǷȴЩͷ˿ݣĪĸоһ־塣
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Žȥռ䲻ܴ󣬴ʮƽҰŹӣȫС룬һҩﾡһŨŨҩζҩϰż̳ӣݵʲôҩơ
ǰǽϣһ֣˹ȥ
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Ҷ˵֣һ㶣ϵıԵЩŹ֡
ƵļУ־ǻĹŴһֵ伮ɾʫ飬֣ΪĻ֮ԨȪ
ԾػʧЮɣ³Ĭдԭʫ顢׼徭
־һ飬޸ܼдߣǧȱһΪĪźڳֻ֪徭֪徭֮⻹һ־
˲֪Ʋû־ĴⱾ롶徭ȼ磬Ī⸱ǣǴ˵е־
͵֮ʷﶼغϣʹƲò⾭ĵݡ
֮Ҳ֮ʹ֮ȻҲӦ䣬ɷν֮֮𚻣ν֮֡
ߣ֮Ҳ䱾֮Ҳǹ䰧ĸߣɱĸߡԻϲĸߣɢŭĸߣɢĸߣֱ䰮ĸߣᡣ߷Ҳ󶯡
ƣȻʲݣҲܿд֮Ϊ鷨мң˵һ˵ܿһ˵ľ˿̵д⸱ֵˣ϶һſŲġ
˼Ƭ̣򣬲ϧȰֱȻֹǸƪдҲ򲻳ʲô
īӦò̫ã֪⾭˭дģлĻһҪǣЩϧĽĿ˻
ⲿڻĻػǧž粢δʧ뵽˴Ƶȼһ˿ϣ
ģ
Ʒ㶵ʱ򣬶ߴһԲϵ
ƻȻתͷȥһЩӷ׵Ĵͷ֪ʲôʱѾվ
Ұ׵ͷҰ׵ĺӣһϵëʮʢͷƲ࣬ͷȴƴˣվһεѹȸУ˫۾ټһӣ޴ĸо
ƣۣǰǣһ£Ƶ
в룬ͷӦþԺ˰ɣոĪСԼĻŬԼƽЩ̬ҲΪĹ
ʣƿȥ˹ţһ··ûģȴŵʴۿۡ
ոڿʲôûлشƵĻֱӶʵ
ƻͷǽǸ֣΢һ룬ոսˣԾ㿴˿⸱дˮ죬ȴ֪˭дģ
ҲǸֿ˿ǲѲĹһ£ǱϸĵƿˣжʱȻֿ¾дˣ˭˿佱Լ̵ġ
ȻдӦö־Ҹʱֽֽ̣
˿̵ƣȫȻԼݣֻǸ۶ѣ仰˵Ǹˣ̫ˣֻӡ
·Ժɨˣҩջ𡣡û䣬ߵĿƵɨ£ֱӶһ仰ݡ

һͣôͽɫô·Ķ·ȥ

˰죬ҵһҲԼС䣬ҵһҲ֮ǰµ·ϵ·
СҲͭգƿЦһ£Լڵϣǿˣȴˣꡣ
ɨ㣬ԺҶɨԺ⣬Ʋ˰ѺϢϽҩȥ

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һ߽ȥһŨŨҩζ̲סڱǣڷһڴ󶦣Ա߷һѲ𣬶ոҩϰŪҩġ
ɨˣͷҲصʵ
ɨˣǰôƵ
߻عͷָָĶ¯ѻ
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ͷ׼ҩæ˹ȥ𣬷ڴ棬ңҲĶֻںڵʯͷ

ʯʯͷƵ˶Ǵ˵еĻʯɣ
ѾǵˣûҴͻȥֻʯ˻
ણ
˰죬ֻĽʯ챻ƸˣȴҲȼ


6 ͯ
ôô鷳𶼲᣿
һĻҲ֪˵ʲôˣָһһڶµĲϣǶѲʱȼ
ŵһһƨڵϣûĻյüë
ѻ𿴺ãˣߵĵһ䣬ֽתҩܣҲ֪ڵʲô

ȿȿȣǰҸ飬ǲǸŪͨİ̴ҲУʵ̫ˣ
ɾƿԵֱðᣬ̲סµĶߵ
ǱǺÿԲֹСˣջ𶼲ᣬʪȿȣȥѴӴ򿪡
Ŷ
æվҿ˿ҵڣϽȥӴ򿪣һʵĿ̫ˡ
һݵʱӴƮ˳ȥ
һƵǰɲУջúжģ
ʲôѻƺãҪˣҲ㣡ֱӺǳЩơ
ӣϽܹȥƻ𣬲ٶԡ
󶦺ܿˣһ˹򿪶ǣ׼õҩģȫ˽ȥ
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ʵǰûмߣͬҲûиΪصҽߣʡ
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רעı飬ӣλǰƢɲ̫ãٶ໰Ͻջ
ߵĿʼնǶ¯֮ϣĬһ֮΢˫ƶǴ󶦣һۿɼɫֱû˶
ھһ㣬˹ཹཱུƼˣһ˫Ӷʱϱʮֵľȣɫ壬λʦĸ֣
ǰʲôְ
㲻Ҫ໰ҩˣôʰ㡣߱ʵЩˡ

Ż𣬱򣬴˲УСҲУڹཹཱུķţҲ֪һߵԪһƶһ仰ֱ˳ȥ
ʲô¶һţȻۣ˵ۣ˵Ǹչ¯ˣƫƫôһƢŹֵͷƾԼܣӦǸ
ոһѯͷ࣬Ǹ֣λҽģҲ޴ӵ֪Ҷʡ

ﬡ
մ˺ڻҵڵĻӳĵúͮͮˣǺвʱȻһö
ʱ׳߿ʱ泩һӾ˽ȥץѲµĻһӣƨɣ˳ȥ
Ժ
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ʮָˮһ㣬֮裬ңʱʱỺ
ӸһʮϤĸоɽʱǴǰĸɽˮֻӣȻҪ࣬öǣö˵һλ֣ٵϵļգѾˡ
ƺûиоˣ˫΢գȫԼ֮УɢԺҶͣĻζ·Ϊ裬ܹĸоΧٻۡ
ΧĿɨԺǵĿҶʱȫܷɶ
վſڣͬ˫˿̣Ժڷžޱ䡣
ƵԺ֮Զĳһ̨ųҫ۵ĹâѸٷֽΪһɫѸٵų֮̂С
ﬡ
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һûٹλâһ漴ȥһڶ߻صȴѡ
һһһ£ЦŹάǰյ̾ΪֹΡΡ־ڸɽ־ˮȴ֪ʲôӣȻöˣ
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ԶһЩողͻͯ硣Ƶ

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Ƶ֣Ӧڵĺӵɻˣʦ˭
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ҡҡͷûɣôɵģҲЩͿֻǵˮϵһӣȻһ⣬ˡ
⣿ѵǹ£
ԣüͷһšĿƵϴһָԼԺеľ٣ȥ㵯ӵһ
Ŷ
ԥһ£ľ˹ȥľǰͷһۣһʳָ֮ϲŪ
Ȼ֪ͷݣ϶Ǹ֣ܸ¶ԼһЩָ㡣
һΡٶȴƵʮָ֮öƮɢڿ֮У֮һ˿ȡ


Լģƽӵɣʵ
ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷȻǰӣϲûгֹҲΪ
ššüΧתתЩɻĵ֮蹦֮ɣɾͯôջۣ


7 츳񼼣
ǰ˵ʲôԣЩ⡣
㻹ʲôãȻı飬ҡҡͷͯΪ޸֮ɵͯΪ֮ͯɵģΪͯͯǰӰ죬ǱϣͯҪȺͯǿϺܶ࣬Ϊ̫֮ϣ콵£¶ɵͯڴ½Ͽ˵Ƿëǣܽɣ͸ϡˣΪ֮Ѿһ˵ļޣЩɣǻһͯջۣ
ȻԼ֪Ļ̫ˣͯ񲻴΢΢ţһŴĻ֮ѹǰҪǲ˵һ治֪Щŵֻۣɵ̼飬ޣԡ
ޣ
һͯȻޣƣоЩţ˵Ŀģ
Ƶ˵ͷǰҲȱһ̽Ʒǣ˲ɽ֮ټ⣬ȫˣҲ֪ô£
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Щ꣬ĿƵɨһ£ȻоСЩļͻҲûһͯܳǸɷĶȻСȴȫޣѾòˣҲ˵һӶֹֻͯ磬޷д
ڣЩΪʲôԼˣߵͯˣһԶ޷ͻƵ߾ͯһͯҲֻǼ߶ѡ
ǰϧʲôʵ
ҡҡͷԭı飬ȴǴһ˿ͬ飬˵ͯõظ񼼣ٲҲǺܱͯģϧƫƫȫޣ
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һ㶣뵽ոԼ̨䣬Īǡʶסνظ񼼣֪磬Ǹֻӱܽдģϰף˵õףֻлְֵ֮Ľϰ
ֹֻͯˣһϧ޵ͯû˿ļֵ
ֹͯ磿
仰ƵԺ֮ôʵ޷ʵֱԼϵӦò˵޷ԼĸǣΪԼ޵֮ԼѾ̤һǰȻ֮ͬ·
죬Ҫ˵ЩʲôֱͣȫޣҪΨһ·Ǿǽ蹦ǣ·߲ͨģ֮ЩһѾʵżȻû˵˭ҪѾݡ
ʲôζȻʱӡ
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ˣҩ
ƴʧɫҩĴﻹҩûƻҩ϶ˣϽȥ

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ǰһѺĶƤֶðŶƴʤ߳ȡ
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쳣£벻ɽɽôƯĵطʮֵϲ
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ͻ֮ͯƵ˺ܶ࣬ǰôһСʱĹٽѾãã˵еأûԼΧ
һ֮⼸Ҳûϴ裬һʱ磬㽫õĲһӣֱǺȥˮô峺ϴ裬Щ˵ȥ
ѵ·һãƲˮ˺ˮҲֻƵشʱʱ򣬱ĺˮܿ㽫ϵƣߡ
ǸõطԺö
ϴ˸ɸɾֽ·Ҳ˳ϴһ£ƸоԼЩطˡ
ϴ·ںһʯϣʯͷɹ̫
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Ұޣ
һſʯͷ棬ȥԼԼɫӰڻζ
ˣһŮˣƵͷ˿ԼϾʹ˸ãɲˣϽɹʯͷϵ·˶ʯͷ


8 ˭Ƕ
ʦ㣬ºľӢᣬ׼ôһ鶯ŮһȻ޷òνʶˣŮһòҲӦòȥ
׼ôһһֺܾܰĸо
ʲô׼ģٺˣʮλӣҲֲѽǰǸŮԵЩʧʦ㵹ǲõģѾͯڣֹҲֻһţ϶ܱѡϣ뾫ӢԺġ
Ҳ̫߿˰ɣһĸֿɲء
ô᣿ʦеĸǣֻһУ㶼ѡϵĻҾ͸˵ˡ
ǲ˵⣬ĲŬֲֻҪϼӱŬֵϵĳɾͣͬҲȱ˲
ţ˵οɽͽһһŵϼѸǣֱӾͽӢԺˣ
ЩĽģʦãǻץɣ
ţ˵ξӢᣬǰеҩŻһսʦ㣬ʵ϶ܽǰףʱɱŶ
ѽ̫ˣɣ


Ӣ᣿
ڴʯ棬ѻЩʪ·ϣŮӵԽԽܿ˺ߣ˵̸Щ档
ǵ̸ݣӦҲɵĵӣȴ֪ʲôɻ󲻽ʱ򣬺ߴ˵
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зԼڳȥأǵ뿪ٳȥ
ڳȥ϶űһ£ƻǾٳȥϵ·ʪģҲɹ˵
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һ£٣Ũĺڷ̬ȣθƵڰڰ֮䣬ǧַ顣
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ߣҽƱ磬ʯͷ棬ҿ͵ҺʦԡŮӲŲƵĻһӣǸոշֵüʱ¶ñƸˣʦ㣬Ǹô
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ŮҪ侲ö࣬ĿƵϴһ£ϴ·ӦҲɵİɣʲô֣
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ŮӵԾҪ࣬ڶҲģòĶŮӹ˹֣ҽƣһջۣոմˣʯͷϢһ£λˡ
ĲأŮӻû˵ŮӱóСƵĵһӡ󲢲á
ǱָָԱߵĻ֡
ոնʲôˣŮ߽һƱʵǼƣƿ·˵ҪƵһ˫Ӹͳ
ģʲôûҡҡͷǰֻ¾λԲȵλٳֻû뵽λҪˮԡų
˵ɽϵۣô㶼أΧתһȦȻѾ˼֣ǼֳڵʣŮӺѰƺɽЩϵҿϸƤӣҲǸġ
ʦãˣ
ŮӴŮӵĻȻ֪ƵĻмֿţƶǲûʲôͼҪȻĻղҪˮʱƾͲĵĳˡ


9 ɽˮ
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ˣҲǹģ˴ˣǻǼɡŮҡҡͷƵ߰ɡ
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λǸոӣж©֮ˡֱԣܶڵϣδ۵ΣŮ뿪̲סѵ
Ůԣʱͣ˽ŲƵһ˵ЩסˣΣŮɫһ䣬ߵǰƵĵģܶɣ
㲻ȫֻԶ΢΢Ц
ʦͯڵޣ㲻һģҲʦǰָֻţЦŮƲƲ죬֮βסӣҿͺһʽӽǻࡣ
Բ죡ûϵԼһѣȴŮĳӣȻǺãν˲ò࣬ɲʦɲҲⲮɽ֪ôûмǴʦλ֪ӦҲǸԷɣ
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ʱŮӯӯĲ˹ֹסŮĻͷƵ֪Ǹոʲôӣ
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ŮԣһŮѵʦ㣬ɱƭˣɽʱʱ̶̿˵ӣ֪ҲΪ档
Ů΢΢ĵ˵ͷ䣬ǸоЩڲͬݵȻʣͲһջܾ߱ġ
ŮӳĬŮ༤Ȼ˵ôͰɽˮһѽ
룡
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ԥһ£׼ȥȴŮǰ
Щɻ󲻽⣬Ů°ͣһ˿ƤЦݣȻɣӦҲԼɣҺʦɲĳˡ
ʦãŮԣ̴ŮĻ⻰ȴ˵Щˡ
ʦ㣬ܣŮ̧̧֣סŮӣƵԼȥ
Ƴǿģǻʲôǰͩľٶأͷ˵ҪǴٽȥͰͩľٸˡ
СﻹǸСԾڹĵԼҡҡͷҲһʶĵѣѲԼ
νָأһλ˵ԿΪɵֻһ١
ŮһۣƵȻһЦִӽűߵһСϣһƬҶ

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ƽеҶǰ촽֮ϣһҶ𶯣ֶʱ
ף
մʮŮȫס˺Ǹոĸɽˮէһûʲô𣬵ǣϸһȴиокܶ಻֮ͬҪ˵ʲôطͬȴ˵
Ժ棬ĴţֻŮһͦεıӰƵĴ࣬Ժ䶸ɫһһĴǼ̨зɳƺڽӵ֮ÿһƱȻĴһ
ƺЩɽˮʱ򣬱̨ɽȥģٰɢ϶˵츳ˣʶףϰֱ൱˸ҽ̡
Խÿһٵƻ۶ƽĺϲϺֵ׷׸ˮ棬ΧĻҲڻ죬·Ϊưһ㡣
ŮĿƵıӰ֮ϣѾƲˣȫӪǸ֮УΡۻĸɽҲϲˮ˷·һ׳Ļ֮С
Ҳ֪˶ãȻֹ촽ϵҶѾΪأϵ·ѾˮʪˣȻӵĵȼͣڵľ磬ǿд߶١
̨֮ϳ̨ЩѸٵɰɫĺעǷССĺС
Źʮӣһ˿оĺ˼֣һߵĹâȥɫԣһһ㡣

ĺһаϧӲֻǰһСΣܵõף϶ջ

λǻðɣ
תͷȥֻŮӣ˫ĿԲһʮָӵı飬оȣ⣬гԣһ˿ʹ
ŮԣʱعǼҪƴһЩͬǣǶ˵Ѷʵ̫ˣǿûʶ׵
ƺڶ߻صƻǣǻ֪ʲôʱѹ
ʦϵ裬磬֪ʦλʦµӣŮӶƵ˫֮дһ˿ײľ˷ܣȴЩˡ


10 ô
ʣֵϵҪǿ̫ˣܵõָĻºľӢᣬаա
ҡͷղŸɽʲôʦ
㻹ƭǣ˵ʲôۣŮˣȴЩˡ
ʼ磬ûƭǣģҵĲ񵶺ͿĲǱҪǲŵĻȥ
ŮӸŮʹ˸תʵʦֵ似һƬҶӣܽһɽˮ嵽ֵز̾Ϊֹ
ˣⲢʲôʵǵʶ¹ѧҲġ
ҡҡͷǰǸԣоͨĸǲ٣ҶӴӣ˵ûʲôѶȣǸһ֧ӲĿӣܴһظԭ
ô
ƻһڣŮ̾˳²Ķʵڵ֮ǰǸŮֱˡ
ʦñ֣
ŮӺǳһƺǺŮƲ죬˵ܶ඼ضġ
ŮͷŮ߿һŮӶƵȻһЦʦó״ʦֲҪ⣬ҽֳʦ࣬ŵӣ
ԭֹ
Ƶ˵ͷȻ˳ƯҲĿֳǱ㷢סİϣﲻڻ룬ͷƿ֪һʢ
ֳƿԼεĸɿһʦ֣ոһ׸ɽˮ֮СóϷʦֻŵӣûʦָ಻֪֮ʦֿԸָһ
ֳ̽ĵĿƣƺڿƵɫ仯ЩͬʱҲڴ֪ƻ᲻ӦһԵͬҲһϣĿơ
һ£̧ͷ˿죬ˣҵøϽȥҪȻðˣλҿǻǸɣ
Ǹ⣬ֳŮĶУȴǲЩʧ
ʦջô˶٣ֳЩĵʵ
룬ǵÿû첻ĻҲİɣ
ʦߣֳԣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ƹ˹֣תҵԼõĲͲ񵶣ٶĲ𿸵ϣȻܳѾͯѾǰǸں΢΢תѹ

Ҳ̫Сˣ˵ôʲô˵ģԸǾֱ˵ʲôɣ뿪ֿʼС߶
ֳЩεҡҡͷĿʧƬطոմӣӦѾǼˡ
ǼףѵǾײɣ
ЩԾʦɽˮǿǵľ磬޷߶ԣܶһΪ˱ڵͽ׵ԭᱻΪ׺ͼΣÿηΪףÿһ׵Ѷȶͬ
ֹͯ磬һֻǼףʦھ磬һЩߵľӢӲʸģԭףΪԾҪߣһֻдﵽɾܵõɻûɾĴڣԭһֱ˱ţܽӴ˼١
ֳŵӣʦųΪ֮󣬱Ǹɽˮһ׼ףף˵ʱֻһ
Ӧúǲ࣬ӦǾӢԺʦְɡֳ˵ţһ˿ۣ٣һʸʹþ׵ˣԲֻǸССô򵥡
ԣҲͬһۣ׷ȴЩĵӢԺôˣӢԺͿԿôʦҲܽ뾫ӢԺһġ
ֳԣȴ̲סЦˣ˼Ƕпǣ㣬һʼû˼Һɫ
ĶУ˭Ķ͵ǵģԣԵе㲻˼ˡ
ֳ̾˿ӱϿȥ֪᲻
ܿ죬ö

㿳ôôã
۵ͷ󺹣û߽ԺӣԺ㴫ǵ
Ժ﷭ɹҩģ߽ԺӣֱӽϵĲһӣ˲ˮĶڲôҽٽƳƣٽֻ಻١
˵ţһƨǰϣֵȣŲ˷硣
ͷ˿ͻȻЦЦٽﻹûļޣ´İٽɡ
ԣһćɫǰͱˣһ㡣
һ£ϵĻңתƣЩɻĵʲô£
Ʋ˲ˮվ˵ºɽиӢᣬǲôһ°
ôҲȥ̧֣һۡ
˵ӢҪѡʮ˽뾫ӢԺĻһȥԡƵɽĿıȴջʵڷԸ
ߵƵߣº󣬵ȷиӢᣬʱŵӶл̨չʾգܳʮˣɽ뾫ӢԺУҪȥĻȰ㻹Ƿɣ
ΪʲôΪҵĸǣʵлһ˵Լ˾ӢԺҲǰ״ûиǣôҲֹֻͯ硣
Ȼȴҡҡͷ
ԭ򣿡һ㶡
ֻǳĬûж˵
ǰԡɻֱлɳԼĸ֮⣬ʵ벻ΪʲôԼȥѵͷ᲻ԼԼչ¯


11 ҩã
ҡҡͷҪһȥҲ㣬һǵȰһ䣬ξӢ겻ͬòҪȥȻû޵ĸǣҿӻ鷺ԸĻѧҽɣ
ҽԣЦҡҡͷֻΪǿߣҽԸ
˭ҽ֮Ͳǿ֮·ˣѧҽմɣҸұ֤ɾ;ԷǷοĸǣ˾ӢԺҲǺи߳ɾ͵ġ
ҽ֮Ƶһ䡣
ɣνҽ֮񼲣ˮ𣡡˸룬ഫʮǰִ½һսħ壬ս֮꣬һ񼲣Ƭ½˾򣬱ذ裬ѪƯƣνִ½ʷĺƽ٣һλɽ֮ɵѣ֮һڻѩ³ɾʹʥ֮ҽ֮
˵Щʱϳ˳羴ڶʥ˵޾֮УԣҲǾ֣һӣִ½ʥ˳ɵ֮ڻѩȴ֪һӣ
˵λˣұҽ֮棬Ϲũʥˣһתƣԣ֮ǧΪǿߣҲִһ·Բѧҽʱգضɣʱֻ֮ͯƾҽݣҲǿ߶мˡ
ƳĬһ£̧ͷͷһȴԼô࣬Щʶƣܸоͷе⡣
ǰ⣬ˣֻǣһȥһ£Ƭ֮ƶ
Լȫ޸ǣֻԼ޵֮ʶ޷ԼĸǶѣԼߵһ·ֻҪȥһɾ͵ġ
£Щĵȴǳǣ˰죬
ΪʦãСӾȻԸ⣬ˣ˸־ֻϣպҪڣºľӢᣬ㾡ȥ԰ɡ
ҡҡͷüһ˿ϧƱϾͯûĸǣҲһܹģѧҽĻ϶һɾ͡
лǰȫһϲ
ȥɣ緹󣬰Ƶɢ͵ҩȥһ仰ٴƣתŪҩȥˡ

ɢרھӢʹãҩʹʱӸӵѣ׸ܵĴڣʱ°빦
緹ķԸƴҹƵĵҩǰɽפضȥ
ΪƸһ¯ҩֻ¯ɢ£װʮƿƿŰפأķѰңһҵҩõķ
ɽϵľӢӣÿ¶һĵҩҩñǴҩĵطÿ³ӢԺĵӶȡҩ
һС¥ΧһȦ֦ҶïĴоҩõʱֻһȥʮĹ£ſϴ˯
ǣ
ǹµľԺܸߣһ̤ţ˹һİףüͷԾšһ¡
ҽƣɽҩģ߹ȥǹµͷ

ͷһ£ЩĿƵɨɨôû㣿
ģǵһƽ͵
ͷֻȻָָǰӣƵͷɣ
æװҩİϡ
ʦ壡
ʱ⴫һӣŸOO@@ĽŲ˽
ƻͷһŻһ֪ǾӢԺĵӣݣԶ˵Ц
Ŀһ˵ϣȴһ㶣ˣǸϳˣĺɽФ
ף㣿ͬʱФҲϳơ
Фʦܣʶ
Ա꣬ͷФԸһЩ߱ǣòҲϳˣƼۣһ۴磬ɽϵˣʦܿǸɽãĶʶ
ФιæЦʦ֣Ҹ˵Ǹˣ
Ŷ룬ʲô˵ǸޣɽǸ
ûФЦŵ˵ͷ
ԣתƣʱѾԴһ˿ӣɽѶʮ꣬ĸǣʮʱ䣬ֹڵľ磬ФʦܣʦֵĿҪ㣬֮·ʲô˶ߵģʲôܲ׾Ƕֻƭ˵Ϲ
ǣʦ˵üǣСܽˡФ깰˹֡
һһֻ˼̸ƵĶȴ˵Ĵ̶Щ˵ġ
Фתƣ崺Цݣֵܣ֪㱻ںδۣôأ
üĳŪ֮ɫƺеĲ׽ˣһʼƾͶФûжٺøУ˸ĸоֻһ̫ˡ
ֲЦˣȻˬҲЦһ£Ф˹֣ҩģҪ뿪
ҩФһ¡
Фִ⣬Ѿٵʦ˰ɣƵȻĵ
һᵽ⣬Фһ˿ȣƵǰʵʵԽţ䣬հԪΪʦ
ǲ࣬Ǻõĺ͸ǲã˵ǲʮǧƵвûĽʺޣФ˵Ԫʲôˣ֪ФβҪı飬ӦҲǸ


12 ͻ
ص꣬ȴ˷ϻֱӴӶм䴩ߵǹµͷǰʦ壬ҩ
ͷ˸Ƿ̧ͷûɵĿһۣ첻ҩӰɣ
ȻһЦͳһƷϣФеߣʦ壬ʦյĵӣһŵľʦ׼ΪɣҪž鵤˼µĹпۡ

ͷĿФ֮ɫһɣԵһĵӣǺѵõģǧӣĵӣԹʮˡ
ȻҰЩҩ˵ССľȹ󣬹ͷû𣬶תƴǰҩ
ƣФվһĵĵȴ
ףôôࣿĽҩƷȡ˳ͷϸϸüͷȴһ壬̧ͷƿ˹ȥ
˹͵ǰ¯ɢֻǷһ¯ֻôࡣ
ǣЦʦʲôˣɢֻͽ׵ҩôзϵҿ˽˰ɣƻ䣬ЦһƵĵ
ԣ̣˿ҲɫЩÿˣҳԣɲ˵ʦǲţȥǰ
Цһͣ˲һ絽ƵǰһѾסƵ½һ˫Ŀƣں˵ôݣֻǸˣʦҲеģ
ſ
ƴȻ壬ţǸˣİǣӲ˾һߣҾһɣ£Ҳ¡
˵ʱҪעҺܲˬЩ⣬Ѱˣ˵ˣҲõͷģǰˣȻһ㶼Լơ
ſѹŭٴΰθ˼ֱ
һ˺ǳ⣬оЩҲסˣһֻץƵ·һֻͶ䣬˵ʲôû
أ
޿̣̣ںȭ֮ϣֱһȭĶϡ
ûϵƻ֣Ȼô󣬸ûлع㱻һȭҵõ˳ȥ
⣬ͨһˤ˵ϣ˫ŶӣΪʹ嵽һһ𣬰˵
һȭ˵Ҳٽ֮ûз˸ֹȻһͯһȭòû緹³
ߣӢԺĵӣ˲ô·Ŀڵϵ𣬶վԱߵФѾȵŴ͡
ҴңСӣ
˰죬ڴӵվŭ߳һֱһȭ˹ȥ
Ȼһ˸ˣҪǴȥδ棿ȭͷ֮ϣһ˿˿İɫתţһȭ޶ѾǶɱģɣɱһˣЩ𷣶ѣʱûκεĹ˼ɣֻɱǰСӣйͷ֮ޡ
ֹôͫһܵĸоΣգҪѾˣۿȭͷȴֻüһ
һȭҪǴʵˣ²Ҳˣ
ˣ
׼ȫӲʱһǰ̧ͷһǱˣǸճĹͷ
һɫĹθڳͷǰһȭǸ֮ϣζһ£ֱӽ˻ȥ
ʦ壿
ĵĺסΣ̧ͷһŵĿųͷʵ벻ͨͷȻΪһ˳ͷ
ͷûջŵĺͷĿһۣǰɣûʲôˣȥɣҩ£Իʦʸ
ǣ
ƸмĶųͷ˹֣תĿһۣ˳ҩá
Сӣߣ
ݵóͷôƷˣҪǰȴͷסˣֻĿﳤȥ
ʦ壬ΪʲôߣЩʵȻһ˵ϳԱ񣬶һװһȭֱд
ͷüͷ壬𣬲˵㣬ƽʱ۸۸ЩʦҲˣôҲ۸
һˣƾһ㣬̣ʦΪңЩĵ
ͷҡҡͷνǰƷ٣ȷǸˣ㲻Ҫ˭ˣ㻹ûʸɱ˵ɱһʦ׷ʦ㡣
ԣƤһͷһѣĪһ˿£ȴɾǿĵһ˶ѣҲʦΪͷ
벻Լ£ֻǿһʦķһ£ǲаھ׷ȥɱӦûûԶͷ
ҡ
һͣſڿ˿ڻû׷ȥ
ƢһհɣͷҡҡͷתһҩȡһСƿŵǰҪҩȥ
лʦ̻壡
ҧҧץƿһɵ۵Ф˳ȥ
Ŷ뿪ͷҡҡͷ˼һͯȻȥۣӢԺĵӶҴ򣬵ǲС

ˣ
߳ҩãصˤˤ䣬ϵķŭ֮ɫţոհһȭȻû̫ܵ˺ڶӶЩʹ
ʦ֣ФȰ
תФЩߵĵ㲻˵ֻǸôôôǿ
ФһͣεĵɽǰҼǵ˵Ѿɾͯˡ
һ£ЩҲסˣ˵ȫ޵ĸǰɣôܳɾͯ
С治֪ǻʦ˵ģʦ˸ǣһΣ̶ûκεķӦФ


13 
ߣͯΣһССۣҲҸҶ֣ʲҧгݵĵ
Ф룬߿˿ʦֹ֣ĸ֣練ƣ
üͷһ壬ûʦ˵ôǼһʦµˣܶ뺦Ҳǣ
ͥڵģȻö֣ǿĵФһЦ˸ĨӵĶʦʵɱһ練ƣֻҪʦøɾ˭㵽ͷϣ
ԣϵıһͣ½ŲƺФĻһ¶һ˿ЦãٱQ죬ñ˻ɵҵͷϣʱҶҪ۾С֪³


ȥɽ·ϣɻЩߣܿ͵˹ո֣ҲһʱͷԷȣȻ֪ǸǿΪ磬ԼϺͰǡ
û뵽ǣǸճĹͷȻְԼţͷӦʦˣһλʦΪԼСС۳ͷ
ϸ룬뵽һֿܣͷڰԼڰǸɣǵĶԻӦöǾη˵䲻Ļ򹷻ÿˣԼǸͷµģǾӢԺĵӣҲúԼĺ
뵽жԳͷĸм˼֣ȻоҲֱͦЩƺҲûǰ;ٿԳŻƤ£ٻһ
ôС˼룿ƿЦҡҡͷ
ε˾ӢԺˣԺҲùǸ϶ǸĳԿˣ˵ԺԼ鷳ƲûйĵǣֹΣţֻҪʱ䣬һܰСɫݺݵĲڽ¡
صݣԺ浯٣֪иϰߣÿʱ򶼻ɽˮҲûдֱӰ˸
ǳ³ΪʦɵıӦòͣףȼ϶֮ͣǰʶ׵ֻһ֣ڵȻץÿһᣬ͵ʦѧղС
ոҩõľǸΪǿߵӵļᶨºľӢᣬ˵Ҫȥһ»ˮ

գ˼ҩȥҩãڼ·һФȻɫÿȴûжƶ֣ҲôֻҪԼͺá
ʯ
Ϊ֪ûԼ˸ֻ֣һʯͷͷȻȴС
ˣʹ£Ʋòٿϲ񵶳һΣƻԼǰͩľ١
òںϴ˸裬·ȡͩľ٣ںߵĲݵ˻
תȣҿ˿һ˿ʧ䣬ȴûп߼ŮӣǵǸֳŮӻԼ᲻ġ
ӻһͰ͵ĻƲǵɽʱˮǸ͸ԼģһΪס
֮ǰҲûй⣬ոϴʱһε˳Ƶע⡣
ףڵʱƶֹԣԿҲǺܳ
һ߿һãһƵԺ֮гͣʶ̨֮ϣԼԼֳһѸٻۣγһɫצӰӰȻǣȥȴޱȵ׳צη
𣡡
㱼䣬һʱѣûüȣעٶȻصʶʱӰѾʧ
еףˣһսܸоӵĵȼԲ͡
һẈ̂ôܻףгɻˮǸԼӵ̣ԽԽù졣
ﬡ
ָᲨңöԶԶƽĺ棬ƺҲһ˿Ժٽϸһ飬Ƿһ˿ȣòƺܼ

һ仰򵥣ѣ׵ƱоԾˣѹʲôԽѹԽأЩ˳ڰ˸˫־ǱʲôסˣصһѹϣȻ

̫ˣͷѾĺˮƴڴڵĴŴ˫֮г˾ʲôǵ˰˸Լڳٵȥǻֱ
һΣ
Щаò׻Ժ֮йһ飬ٴε
ﬡ
ʱãǸյָоˣڰ˸ƸоԼѾټˣϷ·ѹһɽɪɪ죬Ҫһ㡣
һֻܵ˸һĻƻͷһ΢ĺаս
еĺ˲Զ˳ϵľ֮ϣƲ֣ǿ˵ھŸ
ˣ
һ˲䵴绮棬ˮʯΧľҵĻζҪεضҶ죬һòϢǡ

һӦϣһƨɵڵϣҲڸոһ̣һʹǰһڣûʹȥ
ͲڲݵϣڴڵĴŴ͸ոôһ£л۵ĺȻһɨա
˵սʵ̫ˣҪ֪֮ɵ֮ͯ˵ȻЩҲǣս̵ֻĹĿڵĺҾȻֻܵŸ


14 һսѣ
ʲôȼ
Լͯڵľ磬ܽսţսĵȼԸߵףոǿеھŸ̨ζ˼£ûѿ
ϢһʵĸоȥƼһԼ壬̲ס£ոԼҲ̫³çЩ˸治֪Ķȥ
׿˿ٶһκˣԼڵľ磬϶ԼԦ
ʦ֣
ոս㴫һͷһ۾ﻮһ˿⣬ֳˣľ
Ů۾ﶼһ˿ϲ;ȣվԭֹһΪǲأ
Ů߽ƵĻ⻰˵ɣ㲻˵ôҺʦ׵˼졣

ԸЦһĿֳϣЩǸĵ˼̫ˡ
ֳҡҡͷĿŶҵͩľϣЩɻʵʦָոʲôôôĶ
Ǹոߵ棬һ޺һɴ˹ûƵڵأȾɻ󣬺ţĪֹ粻ɣ
һսѣЦ
սʲôսͦģ˵ô뵽ʲô˵ʲôŮһս̱µʵ
սǿֹֻʿģŵӣһֻͯСʿѽӴ
ʦõֱڿ죬ֳѾ޻˵ˣҲͬЩ档
ƿЦһ£ָָԼͩľ٣ҲǸտʼԼԦûʲô˵ģ㿴ҶҸˡ
̲סƲƲ죬ûǣ˵һôˣ㣬ʦ㶮Ķɶˣ˵˵ʦ㻹ܸοοء
ԣĿֳϡ
ֳһۣ˵ôţ
ȴȤֹ֪һСô
Ϊʲô⣿ֳԣüһ˿ɻ
ƴ˸һλǰӣЩѣ֪ô
ʲô֪ô鷳Ǹôջȥ°̣תͱͱֳʦ㣬
ƲЦӣСＱԼǰֱ֣ܿ϶ʦһ֪סƵġ
ڡҲֻһЩ˵ֳԣҲһЦתƵ˵ǧǰ֮ȮսʱȮһλ󽫾ʮȮֱ룬͵ϮĹǣһֱڻϿķɹأʱĹطսԮɹرѽϡΪսʱĹһλ񣬺ӣ˳֮ɹУ˵ʱ멣ڽҡȣСͯЯһţڷɹǰƾŴ󿪣٣һȮֱʮսȮ־ˡ
˵ţֳ˶٣ƣ֪ľֻЩҲ֪ʦ˵ǲ˵ס˵һǧ˭ҲûмƺҲֻһ˵
ԣȴЩסˣֳ˵ģôճǼ˾ܲǳϷЩƣ

׽ĸ֣ȴṆ̀ߵʱɲ˵ôĪ̾ӣӵĺˣ
ϸ룬ȴ־òܣҲ˵ǧ½Ѿټ񾳽ĸ߶ˣ񾳽Ĵڣôự̃רԼӣˣԼףֱǷ˼ԽԽù졣
ʦ֣ôˣۼֳæһ
ƻعæ׿ҡҡͷûʲôֻ뵽һЩ顣
ֳŽɣһԵȴôҾ˵ʦ֪ɣ
ֹȻͨĳƵ
ֳǫѷҡҡͷҸǰĹʷ٣СĿȾһЩ˵
ԻȻյǰʦ˵ΪܸߣոʦҲˣǲҲָһ£˼տɾǾӢˣҺʦܲ˳뾫ӢԺɾҪඣ
Ŀ⿴ƣһԵֳҲڴûʦָ㣬Ҳֻ˶ˡ
ָ㲻ҵ໥дӡ֤ɣȻһЦͷһֻϧҵٻˡ
ϴβ˵ﶼôʵ
ҡҡͷܲܽǴҶӰɣ
Ҳǣ̽ԼľƵƵǰҵİɣ
ˣư˰ִ֣ӻҳֽĬдףԼооɣвĵطٸǽͣ

Ůסˣָһ£ȴû뵽ƾȻôɴİ׶˳δҲ̫ˬ˰ɣ
еĶŮһʱûܷӦ˰죬ֳЩŵİǼҳֽ˹ȥ
Դյһֳͷף̧ͷƣ֮βסľȡ
Ǹɽˮҳ֣֮õļײ֪ǿ˶ٱԣƸǵףѾǼˣпǾס
ôףȻ˵Ǿ͸ˣʵֳе⣬ôһȴǹصЩա
ʦ֣סдɻֳòƵĶ
оɣҿҵܲ޺ãƶһ仰˵ϣԼŶҵ
ЩʲôǿνӣֳҲ֪ôӺ𣬾ʮѵãǸǧѷĻᣬģֳҲ˹˼ɣߵһߣһо


15 衶־
ֻһңһʱ䣬ҲҲ޸ɽϵרֱãǶҪ龧
龧֮ͨͨûңһ̺ԪľʯƲһոɽۣĶ龧Ѳ
Ժ޸ɣ
Ҵжϣһң϶޲õģ̾˿ͩľٰŵһߡ
ﬡ
ԱֳŮѾڲݵϣһŶϢһߵһβͲ
ʦ֣ӸǾ˰ɣһŮѾͷ󺹣ֳʮ־ȵĶʵ
ҡҡͷҲ̫϶Ҫ֮ǰ׺һЩ
ֹǺһЩֱǺ̫ˣո׵һߣȻ쳣ĳҺܶط죬ڵĺȴ˲٣ӵһ飬Զһ׼ʮ֮ˡ
Ůڵֳ֪ƣϱԵЩŹ֣Լóģô֪ܲ׵ĵȼҲ֪ʲô
ʦ㣬⴦طЩҽʱһԵֳ
ֳعת࣬һ䣿
䣬͵ָ̯ǰףֳ
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䣬ƹһļתҪתΪҲûйȥֱӶŶŮش

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16 ս׷£
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սϡ٣սǾ͸ټˣвЩϲվȥ
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Сһ֣Զ·ĲҲ֮ʶӰѧ
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һӰʱȰдʱ˰Ծʵ¹֮£ֻˬʵЦڷƮɢ

Σ»صԺУ³һҲĹڵĺ˴룬Ӵ
Ҫ֪սֻдﵽֹϰƻֻͯԶԶûдﵽϰսҪȻڹ½İ֮£˳սĵĺ˵ҲʮӴġ
ٶһֶΣڵ˵ջһսѾˡ


17 꼻
صɽˮĵĺ˻ƺдĺѾûصһ룬ѾǴﵽͯڵľ磬Ҳǿ˲٣ȻûвԹܹܵõԼڵ֮ǰٸ߳һһȭٽӦû̫ġ


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ǰ˵Ĺ꼻Ҳ̫˰ɣȷⶫűԶԶʵ
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ô棿Щȣһ仨ѣȻô顣
֮治У꼻Ѿнӽǧҩҩ֮ǧҩʤһҩԱŰþݹ󣬿ʹºһЩ
ƹһЩҩ֪ʶƸѧҽƺƶԴ˲ûжȤǰЩۣûô໰ģȴǲһѵһͯûиǣԾԲͣϰҽ֮Ҫġ
ŻԭλȥԺҪǲڣɵøغˣһΣұΪʡƵ
Ʊʻ᲻Լķݣ뵽ոǹŨĶݳľҲζȥ㬵գ̳ӳݡ

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ȻֻöǰֻǶţͷһμһ£֮Ĵ
Сı߶ˣȥɣЩͷĶư˰֣һ۲Ĳӡ
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Сӣòû͵˰ɣ
뿪һ䣬ͷ˸ͷǰѾ٣ѾܾˣȻѾƳֱҲһֱ᲻ΪֿѣӲ˴ŵʱһͷ֮ϣ٣ֻ迴ͷڲڱ֪
ƿɲ֪ЩΪѾٷŻԭλͲȫڹعǰˣˡ


18 ɽ
˲ɽƵʮֲɽϴҲ̫Щҹ˺ö׼еӣ˴󲿷ֵ֮⣬Ҳм״ﵽļ𣬽ȥУƱҸطܲüǮȻð㶫
֮·в·أڵһλģһ磬һͨǾûǮ粽С
ﵽ֮ͯƵҪ֮ǰǿ˲٣·ҲǺպ磬ɽ·ǵϰգѧһƪսʱʱĴ߶һ¡׷ٶȴǿһֹ
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19 ף
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ʦʹù꾭עʩչսֵȻܸߣ޸ùһͨྺĶ
ȻϲҡͷۣҲ϶˲˶٣˵ԼҲû٣ԼͩľٻܴպãԺʵˣڻ١
գƻöƷ龧һ֧
Žƣз˸ƶȥΪһ۾ȻöƷ龧ƾúֵ
ҪʲôôӿһԼš
תһٶͣס˽Ųһ˿ȣӵ㣬һСľУǦʺдСҲͨͨһӣûʲô촦ǵƿ۸ʱȴһ
ռ䴢ֵöƷ龧١ִʹƵ۾ָǺӣתԾĶӿʵʦʲô
ӿһЦְǺӴӼƵ棬򿪺иǣȡһƴƲɰһһλھǰģ
һ㶣һƴӣֵô龧ھʹùģЧӦҲôɣ
ӿƺʶʲôƽ͵ӵƭˣССĴӣȴؿռ䣬ⴢзԲʮɵĿռ䣬ʦֵĴҲôӴġ
˵ţӿǲӷŻ˺ӣ¹鵽ԭλҲ֪ƿ϶ⶫġ


20 ַ
ȻӿĽ֮ȴˣⶫ˵棬һʮֵ൱һƬռ䣬Ȼռ䲻ܴ󣬵ѾɺܶණˣպͷԼɽ񣬱˵ٽǼǧԼ
žȻ뵽ȥˣعȴ̲סЦһ£кεǣǮ
ʦһףҪҪһ£ԥһ֮תӿ

ӿ㶣ҲóƿǸǼ۸ʵ̫ˣǱ˷ĻҪ
һף˶龧ɲΪõóߵȼףǰʦŵó
ǺУʲô׶յġӿѵ
һɶֻᷢӼףȥҲûʲôӰ죬ЩӻܽӴ׵ģһЩӰѾóԼ˴ǮһЩɡ
ûԵһɧǲԸɵģ
֪ӿ˼̱ʦģҸ׶ǹ±ֻһң޷ֺš
˵ţƴӰȡҳֽݵӿУǡңΡס
һʦԼһ¡Ƶ

ӿһ£ϸĿһ飬ִӼȡһŹ٣ֱϯض٣۳˼Ƭ̣ʮָɿϲ
һңΣĴӾôöܿƬɽϿվþûص
ףʲôӣû
ûӿɶˣö˺
ҷ·𿴵ҵʱ
ǴӾﴫģòʦɣ
϶ʦӾ֮ˣһĶ


ոջ֣һ̾Ͱе˶ͣ£פģеСţе˱۾ϸϸе˲ž¥ķ򿿽

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յĹӿ۾оһ֣Ͼϲ֮ɫ
ѶϾǶ˵ȴɻڶ߻صƻعǰʵǰ㿴ֵټۣ
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ӿһЦ֮󣬽ǴȡŵƵУҧָһѪ棬ⶫԺˡ
ԣҧָһѪ˳Ʋϣ˲˽ȥ
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ַҪﵽʦƵĶߴﵽʦ磬ɽںţַʦúս֮֮У֮ʱֻһ߶ͷŴС
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ʦ˵ЦˣĶʲôףЩҶҪˣ鷳ҽ˰ɣҡͷ
ӿԣҲûйʧջһףѾʮѵˣھĸĿҲǴġ
ðɣӿߵ˹̨󣬡öƷ龧԰ɣ
֮ǰӵʮһöƷ龧һ֧ﻨöʣöƵ˵ͷöɣʣһöЩɢġ
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ӿӹ̨һֱ¥
ţĿԶȥһλ˹ǰ˿ʦڿʲô
ӿЩ꣬ͯԴɲȴ֪һɵĵӣ


21 һƲ
ʦҪҪȥ̽һ£Ůӵ
ӿתͷŮӣҡͷ˲Ը˵Ǻαز飬ҪǱ֣Ϊǿĺڵأ
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ʱһߺһǶϴЦݣԶԶĶӿ˹֡
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΢΢ףĿӿϣҲǱŵġ
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Ȼ󣬵龧ѾǸ߼ˣЩӿһôôߵļǮ
ӿȴЦЦǾͲˣʲôϸˮ֪ô
Ȼһγ۸ЩϾǵһνףֻҪԷͷһο϶ףһȥ׬Ȼ׬ˣһ˸еͷԡ
ǺãǼʶʶ㻨˸߼ɡֺͺһЦӿһ߽˵С
뿴ԣ龧С


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Ƶűӣ磬˵ˣҿҿ𣿡
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ʮöƷ龧㿴ô龧ôƿЦһ£ϵ龧ҲֵֻöƷ龧ѣҪʮöô
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ֱǿھʿƵı𽣶ԣʮöƷ龧ѾǳͼˣǼųֵĻǴҲֻҪʮöƷ龧


22 ٪壡
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ȻҳʮöƷ龧ѽҪˣڶ׼ɽʱԱߴһ̫г
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νʼ磬Ŀ̯һ龧ϣϰ壬ҰôæôлҰ
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̯ԣƿ˿ոΪǰѽأԭǶǸԩͷˣİ
̯ϵĶ㿴ʲôԼþǣ̯ҲǸˬˣָָԼ̯ӣƵ
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عʱǰȴѾƵӰǺӽе龧Ȼ˲òࡣ

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ʯߣȻˮģƻʮ׼ʱǰԼֳƵͩľٵ˹ϵǸңѾһ
ƽӹͩľ٣Ϊոµİɫһ˲ϼһšš׼
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ˣͱȥˣûǾӢˣʦ֣Ҳ޺ˣɣҺʦкöطҪءһԵ
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ĿɶˣǵףѶЩˡֳЦһ£һֱ׵ǣȻ˸ߵȼľףĵط϶١
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ʦָ£ŮĽǷǳģȼǰ˷ǳߣ˺ƸȡﴵŮ͡
Ůʱ̧ͷƣü䶼һ˿ɻ;ȣǶԣλʦ̫ˣٵͨҲʹô˳Щǲɵĵӣ·֣ƾûʲôǲһ

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ٸװɵ㶣ȻݺݵĵƣΪʦµۣҾû취Ҹ㣬ԶˣҸҶ֣ǾֻҪøɾЩûܻɵҵͷϡ
Ϊ˱𣬻ͦĻǵЦһаԼ֡
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ƣҲ㣬ҪǹʦֵǸһ԰飬ʦַһ·Фһվһߣʱȴ̲סվ˵ˣȻ𱨸Ƶļƻģ浽ʱЩˣɱˣûо
ԣȻһЦãСӣҪĹңҽͿФʦܵϷŹ㡣
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ɫһҪǲأ
ȿƬϲϲϲĻǾ͸ĹˡΧ˿ϴЦüȴɱ
Ǻǣɱң㻹ûǸĻһ䣬ϵıεıġ
ߣͷӲȻҾͳȫ㣬סˣҵ³
ʮֲˬƵ֮ѱ˺üŭƵĻһʱͱˣ͵Ŀ粽ʮףֱһȭƵԴ
ٶȺܿ죬ֹ磬ɳԽǧƸӲӣֻѡ̴߶̨һɳ̨ΪһӰ׷ڵһ㣬ٵƮˡ

һȭգ̧ͷƿȥֻһվھʮ׿⣬һ˿ȡ
СӻеʵȻܶԼĹһδУӵķŭٴμٵĳƣȫһƵؿȥ
أ
һۿžҪƵؿϣѾоƵ½ȻȴˣһһСϣһ죬ȴֵСϡ
һĻаңǳս֮һƴԼϣ㲻Ҳˡ


24 ַ֮
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뵽ոշ£Ƶжһ˿ΣУԺƵ飬ԼôӦγ˱񣬿϶ģ´ζ׼ӳֵԸԼԼҲ׼ǲ֪ԼĻһҪС¡
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죡
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ƲŮõΨһֻûʲôÿĻƣֻм䣬дһɷġ֡

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ǰͱˣЩ˵ģʲôҶƷ˸ۣ͸ʱȣͷƢƺ࣬ȻҲԼѰˡ
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̧ͷӭƬ̣ƺƶҡҡͷţûκ˻һӵ˵İѣңҲûİԼ˹


26 Ӣᣡ
ĿһۣҲ֪ͻͬ飬βŵú׼ɣ㲻ȥμӾӢôûʱˡ
һѣƺȻһ£ʵǰϴҸ˵μӾӢʱ˵ľӢ겻ͬĶͬ˵ֻ˵һ룬ܲ˵
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쵰ȻַҪɱҪɱ

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ǱĶһص䣬˵ֱ˵˴ϰѪҺ˿һŴȾõǴĿ졣
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ҹһ꣬ˮϴһ㣬ȥʮֵĿʵĿķҷ鲻Խڡ
ɶԣǸӣһһȵľӢᣬڽУɽֻҪ䲻ʮŵӣɲμӣǧŵѡʮĵӽ뾫ӢԺΪӢԺʵѪҺ
뾫ӢԺŸһȵݵλһܵõӸףԣÿһŵӣڴһ죬Ϊһյĵ׼ѵ״̬
ǰɽһƬĹ㳡ϣѰһٰÿٰǰ׵ľ룬ʱ򣬹㳡Ѿ˺ܶˣλöռˡ
ˡ
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ո£ߴһöŮתͷһԭֳŮ


27 Ⱥ
ԭֹ
վϹЦݣֳǳŰգ̬񣬶ҲǰƤģ
ʦ֣ôҲˣոҺʦ㣬㶼û
Ǹĵոλӣûע⵽
೯Ƶλÿ˿ôܵǰˣȥɣ
ҸոտûλˣҡҡͷЩɻʵﲻͦôǸﶼ漷
ֳݸһЦʵҲûʲôֻǰЩԿ
Կ
һ㶣ûвμӹӢᣬʶЩ⡣
ֳҡҡͷתʦãȥٱɣҲǰҸλӡ
ǰʦ㣿ԣԵЩԸ⡣
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ðɣ
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صģ˭涨˾ûʸμӾӢ᣿涨ôԣȻЦ
һڣЦӢû涨˲μӣҲû涨˾μӣӢĿΪѡӢ͵¼ˣƾʲôμӣܵڶֱǲ
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̨ϰӣǰһţţǸ뼰أʵǰţʣµ߸ͷ˺š
̨һٰҲһľ٣Ŀ̨һɨƵͣƬ̣ӭĿ⣬ܴиоһ˿⣬һȴתԱǸ̸Ҳ֪˵ʲôʱʱĳԼһۣƲ룬Ӧ˵Լɣ
̫ԶڽʲôҲûȥЩϸڣǰſȥǰнʮλӣʮλ֮ϣȻֻˣһһңӰӦһһŮڸ̨Ե룬ǸŮˣƵǰ档
ѧô
Ϊں󷽣˵òӰӦҲȥŵһɵܰ㣬Ҳ֪ǴǰƮĻǴӺƮġ
ӦþǴ˵еѧ԰ɣǵǰѧʱҲһţǾѧרڶţ˽һ룬ǵװӦöǾӢԺĵӣƼУּȺĸо·ʲôֵĶ
λһ̨̨ºܿûһЩֵĻüͷߵ̨ǰ̨¸һȦѻȸ
ǧʮ꣬¶ʮ壬ԺԪGϴӢԺϣͬٿ˴ξӢᣬȺ֣Īλǰʧü߶̨ȥ󣬵ȴƬ㳡뵽ÿһ˵Ķ֮С
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ԪGһЦ˻ȥߵλߣ·վڳеĵУƣ´˿ÿһ˵϶ͬһ飬ηĽޱȵ˷ܺͼΪ߲ǱˣǴ˵ڳھĵл͡


28 лͣ
л͸˸룬ɲʦ񣬰ƲԹѹ꣬ܣǧɲʢ˥иʦ֮УдʦվӢвͣչܣΪשߣгһգظʢ
ӵȽŽ̻塣ڵȡ
л͵ɱȡʮɼͻ뾫ӢԺ
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Ȼ˵Ŀಢûаӳ˼ֱӶл͵ʦ棬Ӿòƽ
ʲôƽлԣȴЩˣԼ⻹ûأôվ˵ƽˣ
çײò˵ֻŵӣʦȴǺ;ӢԺʦʦ̨ͬʵ˵ȥ
ڵԣҲСǰľӢᣬûоӢԺμӵģξȻӢԺ˽Ҳɲǲ룬ϾӢԺĵӲʺãһõĶõԴһЩŵȲ˵ģЩŵУǵļλٮٮߣǰʮˣ˵ǰʮˣĻǰʮ뾫ӢԺȫһջ
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˵λˣԼôȫӣʱŸеһ˿£ǻѾڣֻӲȥİ˰죬ŵࡣ
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Ҫ֪ǾӢԺĵӣҲֻǽ뾫ӢԺ󣬰ʦʦɣֻмʼڵĵӣ˲Ż԰ɣԽǸߵȼޣɵͯǱԽ⼸һ֪ͨ
⵽ôһ£Ҫл͸ӢԺĵɻ˵ùȥΪʲôŵҲǵǹ죬ŵʲôФ⣬оӢԺӵɫЩѿ
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лͶ̨µһֱߵ̨ǰ
㳡ϽǧӣǾӢͨӣ˵ϥ죬˫ʽȻδɵĵԺ̨Եͯ磬ǶЩѳɾͯѾﵽֹĵӣЩģʽڸ޵ġھһĪ档
Ƽ״ãԪһ뵽״̬
л˫ֱǰһɫĹ˫֮ǰͣԽԽ󣬲һγһСɫ
½Ʈ裬ɫĹâл͵
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л͵ͺһ˫һƣǸƿնԽԽ󣬸ڹ㳡Ͽա
ˣˣˣ

żɫĹȻըһΪ壬ֱռݹ㳡巽巽Ѹ۳εӰ
ھܳ޳ɵͨλ̨֮ϰ˳ԴﵽϺصЧ˸عͨʩչһЩǿ
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л͵ȥĵӦǳɲãйĴķǷǸڹ㳡롣
ϥϥƺһ٣ͬʱңһɫƮɢһػ㳡ÿһӵܶ̽Χš
һȦȦתòϢлһ»Ϊ⣬š
̨µӶѾ붨ÿһλӵ岻ͣת㳡䣬ʮֵҫۣдһöûףҲûееֻлͶ֮
л˻λϣƺЩϢȻھĴ֣ͬʱΪôɣҲһʮֺ顣
ƵܣͬȭͷΧתţƱ˫ۣʶǫ֮̈̄ϣ˵Ľ⣬Ȼ˹


29 ɣ
֮γһŵһƵɫ֮ɢƵֱ̨ע롮֮̽С
֮ƺ̺ĳ֮壬֮Ķ˿̵ƣ·վһɽ֮ϣԼľ磬֮ǰ֮ţһҲȻ֮Ȼ
ɿƵۼγһεУƵüĹ룬̨ɡ̽Ϊһĺء
еƺ࣬ĺâغܿ㱻ˣɫĺ̨һһʵ𽥱˴ɫ
ͯڵѾ֪ﵽͯڣҾƺ

ͻƵ֮ͯ󣬡̽ƺЩȻʣµġٹ̡λȴûб仯Ȼ䣬һ£̴־˳ôȥԻֲĳɳ˾ٱ״
˫ۣɫȻɢʧƳһԼ֮лȻڵľ磬޵ȴ֮˵ߵһȻͬĵ·ֻ֮οǸոټȥҪл͵ġӰ죬;ʱߣǾԲˡ
ȻһĺûᣬвеϧǴﵽͯڵľ磬Ȼ̨ЩɳӦа취ȡ
Ʋ֪ǣӾһ̨̣ϵһ˿ʧɫͯǷӵʱ䣬ͯͻƵͯڣʣеģϧʼջûͻֹ硣
лһ˿ϣǵѹ̲סʧˣһеԵɣȻƵĸǣûиǵͯȻ޷ͻƻֻһͣˡ
ʲôƲǰ˿ÿһ˵ܶɫڻţòƾֻһ˹
һߴһ̨֪ɣ˳ɳɹ̤ͯˣתȥģФ
һһŵĸǻ治ǸǵģһɣҲᱻֱѡӢԺˡ
ɾ֮ͯФûȻ˫ۣϸĵлµġ֮ߵ𣬴ʱҲ˫գüͷƺĵ˼ʲôǽ⿪ʲô⡣
ٿֳŮϵıҲͬһޣЩͽ׵˵һΪĻᡣ
̨ϼ˵ĿФϣеĸ룬еĺЦ϶һı飬һλͷڵߣϸֲ֧
ҳɾͯˣ
ңң⣬ͯôȻ

˼ӣܿ죬½½вɣ㳡ϲʱĴһ쳣˷ܵ

һ죬תͷȥֳϵ·޷ĵţڷٵۣڶǰ㷢Ʈ𣬲ϧûܿİ
Ҫͻֹô
㶣ֳ֪ʵѾͯڣֻһֹ̤磬ǰԼġɽˮףڱл͵㻯ͻֹҲǺ¡
ֳͣüĻȥ˴ӣܵȻɢȥֻоһǿӭѹЩ٣ö˵ֳѾͻƵֹˣʮӢԺУ϶һλӡ
½½ɣҲкܶѴﵽֹͯӵľŰСʱʱ䣬ڵɫѾȫɢ
㳡Ͻϲú˷ܣҲвʧ˻ϲ˳Ϊǵƣвٵĵûץסһɡ
ȹϲλˣɣ̨ĵӣӢ֮ԼȥԺ´Ǽǣ⣬ʧܵĵӣҲҪģպỹࡣԺԪGվ̨ڵӵ
ǣ
شĶЩ˳ɳͯĵӣƲס˷ܣ֮ǾѾ̤ߵУѾһλˡ
ԪGˣʱѾ磬ǽɡ
ڵԣ˼ȫעĿ̨ϵԪGŶ䣬´©κһ֡
οƽѡĵӣΪɡټȽĿɣ
ʦ⣡
ԪGߵл͵ǰлʹȡһŹõľᣬķŵԪGС
ԪGӹߵ̨ǰ̨µеľᣬһףרΪ˴ο⣬ûκ˿ÿһٰ϶бīֽ⣬һһὫһ飬ǽ׳ܼǶǶ٣
ڵԣ϶ʱ¶ɫףǾԵļ߽׵׾Ͳ˵ˣֻҪǴﵽĲΣͻ˵ʶӰ죬׷ǰҲѿһͼס
Ȼֻһ޷ҲǵʶӰ죬ҪֻһͰӸ׳ҲǼѵģ⿼ѾǸǣʵʵڶɵͼ䡣
ӢԺڣ󶼳üչԱߵ𣬶ǽüͷǰѧԡֻܿǸеӵĲ΢΢ܹĵϵţӦǳĵİɡ


30 Կ
ԪGɲ̨µʲôı飬ֱٰ̨СĵĽ⿪˩ھϵӣһ֮󣬵˵̨¿ȥһƬѻȸš
ʱ򣬾Ӣԣûһ˸ҷκһÿܹģֻԼĺ
С
ԪGһ䣬ʮָ֮ϣᲦңΪÿһӶԼԪG˺ö漴ɢ̼佫㳡ڡ
죬ո𣬱˶ĿһöӶһŻعڿˣϽһһëֽϷɿļ¼
ʶףƵרҵģֻһѣʹʶ׵츳һ㶣ƾԼҲֺϾ˰뱲ֵˡ
·ԶΪѵǴ֮ãϸƷ֮£Ե֣֮
ʯʦ֮װ˵лֵ飬ʮֵĿһﵽĲΣѾʵѵˡ
ƾţϰףȽӻΪԺ֮Уֱͣ£Ŵٰҳīֽ⣬ԺмתΪףˮһ㣬ٵļ¼
طе㲻Ծ
д;ͣһ£оһЩ쳣ӳͷβĶʮֻģǵȴһͻȻǰĻգ˲࣬Ȼתۺ΢ɱеƲ׽ˣԿ϶Լûд
ѵ⣬ͷ
룬ȴ־ò̫ܣֻһѣھлôܻ᷸ôͼĴҪ˵ԪGˣǾ͸ˣʦĸ֣ôô򵥵һӻҪ
ʮɻ룬̻ӺΪдĵطҲǴ߻աķϻ˸ȦԱ߱עһС֣˴Ϊ߻աѡ
ϻһ˿Цݣдףǰǰһ©֮ǰǸ⣬һһȻƣҲһһɾģԱ֤
д֮ӣĬĬĺһ飬ȫܹʮӦûʲôˡ
ǰһһŮҲѾͣʣϸļ飬ٵӶץֻһ飬֮󻹿ԳҶ߾ò˥ʱϵԽãԽ׵ԣǱץÿһÿһ롣
ˣվ
ʮңԪGһȣӸ̨߳ʮӣʼվæԼдϣȻ󽻸վʦ֡
һǧԾ۵ԪGУüܷܷ⣬ת˴һλϡ
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һ䣬˶ֱ壬һţƴ˿еˣΪʲôֳ˵ǰܳԿԭ˵һ硣
˿ڵӵĹ֮⣬ʵͬҲڿɣ࿹߼ȽձķҪܶԷˣԼԷһ£˿𣬶໥ͻһȻˡ
ڵڶţ˵ԪGЩĽĵӱض׵壬ºܴһֳԺܶӲŻܺȥԪGԶһЩܵĳ϶ҪСϲ٣ֵʱ϶ҪһЩֻһĲ࣬ҲܻǵһЩ
˿̣Ʋ⣬ҪȥҲѾˣ˵ҲѾûλӣתͷֳȥֳȴݸһЦó˿Ҳܽš
ǰӵʱ׼סֿסǧҪǿţǸոճɾͯĵӣ̨飬ĪԪG
һ䣬ŵ̾ˣӶʼĻ׼еæŵеæתȫ¶ѵ״̬
ҲһʮָʦĸֱȶݲðһСģ˵ġ

ϴһѲ֮תͷȥȴ˳һƬƬ½ǣֱ࣬ȥƺ׼¶ķֿԪG
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
Ӻܿȥ˶¶ΪԪGûֹĲңˣڿʼ
ﬡ
ˮһ㣬кڵҲæңɽˮ֮ͣʱʮƽûʲôۣ󲿷ֵӶܸԪGĽֻ࣬ЩδɵĵʴӣܿԶ֡
ƴ͵ѧӣһǸ߽׵ľףټļպõʣԪGĽܼ򵥣տʼʱ򣬸ûиоκεѶȡ
ﬣ
ƽĽȻԪG͵֮ϲһ£һε˲ΪԲΣŹ㳡ڵӵ
ﬣ
ٵͬʱͲңһԪGͷųӭȥײ˲Ҳһ־ϵ͵ĵӣ޷Ͻ࣬Ƶţںʱ࣬־ᶨЩģܼ֣־ЩģȴֱӰſٰϴڴڵĴŴ


31 ף
ֻԪGʮָһ㣬һȦȦͣĻˣˮ㳡ÿһ䣬ɽˮǳ֮ƴ󣬼ֱѪŵĸо
ԽѶȾԽߣжϵʱ򣬹㳡ܹԪG͵ģѾˣжǾӢԺĵӣеַѾңеĿ־ǿţ࣬Ѿ߿ѪȥʮֵĿɲ
ҲʼоѹԷϾʦĸ֣ǲ˺ü磬ܸϽ࣬ҲܵĲϵѪʼ𽥷ڡ
ˣ
һӰӵٰϷһɫĹǶڰϽǵһʯϣԶֳ֣ﺥ
һƹ˶֪ʮˣܿ죬вٹ½½ĴȺ
硱ϡ꣡

ӵʮʼοʼһһֳ˵жڴ֪˭ֵܼ󣬶ü֮λ

࣬ԪGͻȻһת񾭽ʼδһûϣһĪѹ̩ɽһѹòȻ֣֡
˫ֻ˼£ʮָѾľԿ϶ոֵĻԻᱻԪGˡ
ͬʱһɹ༱æٰϽһӡֺȻĿ
Ȼǵʮ¶ϲɫ⼸յĹûаɼѾྫӢԺĵӶȥˣνӢԺѾûˡ
ȻʦҪܶأ
תȥֳڼţӦûܼһֳͻֹ磬Ӧһǰʮ
ǰȥƱͦţʮָͣĻңճһƺࡣ
ʦվ˳ڣ֪ܲܶأϹĹвٵźĳ֡
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ǧеʮλѾǺܺõˣȻȴû˿˷ܣһ̱ήڵأһ֧߿ѪһֲŵĿ⿴Աߵơ
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ԭڶʮʱѾֲסˣ۾ԱߵƾȻڼʵԪGĳٴҲҪҧӲš
ȻӲŵĽֻһȻһԽϺõΣอȴˣңҲûаƸȥ
Сʲô̥ôֵܼڣһˣһˣôܱȹң
˲ϵѪϾǲŵı飬ܴ죬̶˫֮гԹͳޡ
ˣ
һӺֳҲֲס֣׹𣬡δֳٰ֮ϣڰѾǰʮˣɼһŵ˵ֱǲģ̨ŵǼλϣҲ̲סֳ࿴һۡ

ξӢᣬҪɱƥˣ̨ϣл͵Ŀȴ̨ƵϣСֵܼڣͬҲϡ
ʦ˵ǣл͵ϹЦݣʦ֣㵱ûпϹƣ
ҡҡͷǶûãҵͽܣҵҽ֮ϧСӿϡ
ϧˣлҲЩϧҡҡͷúõһͯôû޵ĸأУȴ֮ҵúúøǣܰװ׷񡣡
ǲģ㵱ҲееȸǣͻȻŶƷô
лͳĬһ£ⲻһʦҲ֪֮Իͻ䣬ʦķʮԪʩչͨתΪǿģңӵĸбޣȴЩ졣
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лͶ˶٣ƿһۣʦ֣㿴ܷ
ҡҡͷ˵СӵԵ治ϧ̫ͣͽɲԶˣ޷֮Уһϯλ
ҵôΪ⼸Уӻ࣬Թ˲Ͼ⣬֮λˡл͵
ܲͽЦ
Ȼֹڵľ磬Բ㣬Ҫ΢ЩԸԼ꣬ĥлҡҡͷĿڵһһһŮϡ
һЦҪãյ¯ĥǣ
лͰ˰֣˰ʦ֣Ƣһ˽⣬ɽϵĵͺ£ҿ᲻ͽﵽǶ
˵Ҳˣ˵ˡҡҡͷ


˸ڰֳûйϲĿ⿴ǰƣаΪƹҲʮֵĺ棬֪ܳŵʲôʱ
ʱԽƣԵĸоϵѹԽԽأٵ˫ҲʼýĳʣԪGֽӵѶˡ
硱ȡ쳽î̾Ƭ㳡Ͼֻʣƺ͵һŵһһŮڼ֣˶ס˺ʱѾؼʱ̣Ѿǲ֪˭ֵܼ
ЩУɫѿģҪФˣФǲ˵ոճɾͯڸտʼѾ̭ˣζûеõ𣬴˿ȴǼĸӣƾȻǰףĳɼǰĿɼٲҲܽ뾫ӢԺˡ


32 ûˣ
뾫ӢԺζʲôкǾʹƲˣԼ붯Ǿ͵úúÿˡ
ʣŭޣΣָ齻֯ţҪѪĳ嶯ҪֹƣǣѾûлᡣ
ﬣﬣﬣ
ѹ˷ϮƻѪڣִĸоʶѣǿܹϽࡣ
ϧͩľ٣ٵĻһƾٹҷȴֻӲаϧʱò߶ȼԼעʱвֻҪһĽûܸϣ̾ͻ֡
ǰһһŮҲòȥˮѾʪ½ʦֱȶȻһ׵£˵嶼΢΢Ĳţ˵ƻռһ˵ģϾڵڶţһһŮȴ׵塣
ﬣ
ԪGԽԽ٣ҵʮָγ˻Ӱʱ׹ʱɽʤ
ѪһһϷ·ѹһɽÿһκôѣҧҧԼ⣬ȷԼͷѣʮָԪGĽ࣬߿֮ϲͣš
ԣ
һ̶ԪGյ߳ƵȴȻֹûסƣһģ浹ء

ΧһƬжһ˿ϧ
סˣԼͩľ٣һ¶һ˿Цͩľʵ̫ΣؼʱȻܲסˡ
׹ٰϽԳ֣
һ̨̣Щϣ˶һеЩϧҶˣƿ϶ܼһʱġ
ư̾˿ͱɣܴǰףѾǺܲˣȻȷܼ֣ǰһһŮҲƲ磬ܱܲȵù˵
Ǹûźˣ
ͩľǰ˳֣ƵʵԽԽԵôֱˣֻɽģҲ᲻ӣŽգѾǵڶζң㲻뻻Ҳˡ

ϧǶң֮λǴĪлһϧڹؼʱңȷЩϡ
ֻҡҡͷû˵
лתʦ֣ľûôβ
ԣֱӶȥһֻۣ۾ûˣʦͣˣ
л죬ûٶ˵ֻЩ棬Ƶûжϣֵ֪ܼʲôʱѹԼĵ̳ͽô

ԪGԽԽǰһһŮҲмܲסˣƳֲãҲȺ֣ŮǿЩáӡ֮λҳ֮λǱӵȥ
˶ǻ󺹣Ǹһ󲡣ϥ˹Ϣ
ԪGסңȻֹĿڶϣϱ⣬ֵܼϣѾʵˣɼǹɷ裬һе̳
ԪԪGḧ룬վڶֿѱϣɾӢԺÿ׼֮λ˴ο˵ܳɼһϣǿԼǰ鿴Ժǰʮĵӣ뾫ӢԺС
ͷ˿лͣлͶҡҡͷʾûл˵ԪGŸֶ̨ڵӵտ˵ΪֹܳɼǰʮߣٽеټˣΣ飬ɢᣡ
£ڳ볡ڶҲ׷ױԼ٣뿪㳡е˷ܣеįֳ˹
ʦ֣ϲˣȻ俼ǰף϶ܽӢԺˡֳ
ùϲ˳ͻֹŶԣ⣬Ҳܽ뾫ӢԺЦ
ǿ˵׼ʦ϶ܽӢԺˣһأ֪ĿĳɼΡ
ȻһЦѽͱװˣҿʵ̵أ
ĶУǫ鱻ƿԵЩ˼
һĿףûжٵ׵ģ俼ǰʮһ˸ʮĺóɼ俼ɼʮԺĵû俼ɼģ˵һܴƣһӷֻҪĿĳɼȥԺǰʮҲû̫ѡ
ֳҲһЦĿŶҵͩľϣЩϧĵʦ֣ٿûˡ
£٣Ǹûˡ
ƿЦһ£Ҫ˵ԱȴһŮ֪λʦֹգ
תȥһŮվԼԱ߿ԼһϮɫɴȹƺʪĳƮڼձߣپ£㲻ϷǳƯǿȥȴʮֵ㣬٣ֵŵʣӰӦǸոԼǰǸŮӡ
ơƵ
ŮӶƿһòĶƵͷһЦĪĿ֮תȥ
ڨҲ̫ص˰ɣʸ־ˣһ£Щͷԡ
ʦ֣̫ˣȻ˵ˡŮ뿪Щĵ
Щɻ󣬡ô
ֳ˵ɳ֮⣬ΨһһŶƷǵˣʮִӱϵʮֳڣ˵һĽս
Ľս
ԣҲɵһ˿ݣĽսѾǵͽ׵ˣҪ֪ȴеЩӣԼĻڵľ磬Ҳֻ׳߽׵ѡ
ƾһ㣬ɿոŮɷжôǿ츳ˣĿŮԶȥıӰϣЩ
λʦԸЩƧϲ˴򽻵ξȻʦִڨҿ϶Ǿ÷俼ʱʤ֮䡣


33 У
ҵûҲһʤùƿЦһ£ͷ˿㳡ϵ˶ߵòˣǰˣҲ֪ʲôʱˣΨǰǸӣλϣƺڷ
ϸԵŮ뿪˲Զͷԭأ̲סɻ󣬡ʶô
Ůͷ˿½㣬ǾӢԺԪ˵ĴӣŶʮ꣬Ѿֹڵľˣ˵½пʮ֮ǰﵽʦĵӡ
һ˵ţü¶Ľʦ簡Ҫֹ֪綼ûдﵽأǲ䣬ôôأ
ʱֳ½ʲԸҲʮֹ°ңǿЩʦ㻹Ϊ
½ȻλϷոհУĴӦúܴƻͷ˿ҡͷһʲصı֣̫һʱĳɰܺ͵ʧӰˣ仰˵̫ʲôǿϹǺʤǿŶԡ
ûʤʤǸʲô¡ʼ磬һνı顣
Ҷˣǿ˵׼ءֳȻһЦ
ҡҡͷûٶ˵
˹㳡ֳһ̯ٸҰɣҸ޺á
һ£ҡͷˣһҲûʲôôջһѺõġ
ֳЦˣܳɼǰʮĵӣջһơټҪأʱû٣Ǻã
ô϶ܽǰʮζĵ
ֳҲȻһЦǰʮҾ͸Ǳˡ
ֺǺǵһЦԼȥͲͷˣҲȥúϰϰɣպǫ̃գ
ֳһ£Ҳûм֣俼ɼеڰˣĿĳɼģǰʮǺпܵġ
ʦҲȥ׼ɣ
ֳмĿһۣξӢᣬܿôõĳɼƿǸܴĹҪ֪ɼǺ;ӢԺĵһ𿼵ģҲ˵ѺܶྫӢԺĵӶȥǰͲ

Ůֱֱ֮ӱͩľȥãͩľ޺ãԱ֮ãǵòŷôŽգǰҲӦһ·ĵӲŵ֪ΪӢԭõĹ±ȥԺμĿľˣùһա
û취ùţҲûˣҲ˼ȥֳֻñԼٻ˺ɽСݡ
صݣûлưͩľӵȥҳԵģŵ俼ĺܴ󣬶Ѿùˡ
緹˯һʱѾˣһֱϣûлӦҲľɣ
Ժ˸ȡһ顮Ρĵĺ˴룬̨΢ҪһЩһԣȴǸ˸ѣԼ֮ԺʱҪעǣԼʱֲԣȴҪ߽˲ʱòײࡣ
ɼǰʮĻ˽ʹʹɡţȻ۾һףͷžô
ͷķ俴ȥĻǿ԰ġãǰپǱԼľٺöˣȻûﵽֱĲΣǾֱ֮µļƷ
͵͵ĳȥһǿԿ϶ģԼֶ٣ҪҲ˲ô࣬ΧǰʮΪټϵøóɼֻٴβȡˣºطһΡ

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ԵЩѹ֣ʮλʦΧһųǰȫעľÿǰ϶һֽЩֽǾӢϽǧӵĿԾ
ʮλʦлһƷ裬ϲۼˡ
ⶼдʲôʲôȱ䣬ϸ񣡡һ΢ֵͷһԾüͷһ䣬ëʣպ˵ɰֱڽ׵ľϻһĲ档
ǺǣԪʦ֣ȱʲô㿴дϹдúõһСӲǱдˡɥֱӣֱӰԱһݵߣϲ֪ڿ޻ЦһҡͷһҲǾֽϻ˸档
УرడλʦֵܣǿидԸ˸ţɻصġһӣ˵̸Ӹոľһų涫һźڣһźڣЩһĶŪôҶǿЦá
һûöԵط
ǰЩϼһﶼϹˡ

λʦ֣Ծ
ڴҿЦʱ򣬽һͷһžվϾǾϲ֮ɫ϶ϳͷǵҩԼΧĳ£ԪӢ
ôԪӢʦܣǲʲôƷˣ˷ܳԱһȥʮҵŮӵ
ƷȷǼƷ
ԪӢеľֽ̯ϣָź룬һ֮ɫ
ʮ˼ԪӢģ棬׷׷еĹԪӢߴ˹
ԪӢָԾλʦ֣ǿдײֺ޲ܿɹǣȻԱע

һӸ߸ߵͷ̽ǷԾԱ߼ҲϽԴչ


34 һԾִ
˴Ϊ߻աѣ
˴ȱɼһĻա
˴ȥһ
עʦһ£һͷɫ˱䣬ߣ֪ߵغ񣬾ȻҶʦۣʦӣд
ԣһ¡
ԪʦĪٺԪӢ
ʲôÿģССӣȻڸֵ׶ɣ˭һҪҳϼӳΣͷ
Щԣʱžֽĸ߸ͷϸһ֮Ҳɻ
ȷвԣעƺЩһͷšüͷ
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һǽģһУȼģҲΨнˡԪӢ
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35 ½㣡
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37 Խ˸裡
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ǴﵽʦʹõĴ֮۳ߣֱͶԷУġ
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һ仰аϻ͵ʱȻߵȴ֪ٵӵĿ⣬ٴľӢԺӶԼе⣬ϾԼֻǸݱ΢ˣȴܵǵǰͷζǽܲ˵ġ
粻뵱쵼ⶼвͨģƵбЩǻ
סˣ׼ġΡܴͨǰʮĿѾﵽǰĽ㲻ҪҲɣݵ᱾ĩ֮һԵ㡣ƺǼǻִ
ŵüͷȻĵ˵ͷˣҲ˷ĵı顣

תͷƿ̨ºѹѹͷ˫ַ֮ϣȴ֪õʲô
̨ǰ࡮ΡģһѾԽ˴δĵһУǾһȰ˵ƴͷֻһʱ֮䣬Ķ࣬Ȼ֪Լõʲôӡ


39 ֮
ôˣôô컹ʼ
ǲɣ
ôܣܰڶӶ

̨´͵͵ɡ
ʦôˣ
ȺУֳ඼һɻĿƣ֪Ƶô£ǿǼʶƵټģֻó뻯ݣĪӳ˲ɣ
½˵Ҳ˺棬ԵһԵĵӣḹɡ

һƺȻ˿ԺһӣȻܵõģǾ͵һõİɡ
һڵϱΪ󽱣˴õԸӵӣƿסִ½ֻΪһӵʱ򣬸оֻ֣ĥ

ƳһþðɣøһҲν˵öԣʱĵ͵ԼԺ·ߵøӵȵ
ӣֳľֻһǲ֪ҪָżˣܰڶĴڣֻһҲͰˣȻһõ

˺ð죬ڼƿˣ˶˶䣬Ȼ֪ƵġôǣǰשΪܰڶĴڣӦҲǻһ
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Ժ֮нƵָˣһƮɢ̼䴫㳡
ң
·˵϶ڴʧ½ֱӷһЦûйҲ˼򵥣ֻһѣһõһ֣ȥûС
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ﬣ
ף
˶ʧ֮ʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ڳˣ̨ϵλڣͬʱоԼȻͻһ¡
˶˽СۣȻһ̣˶ָоͺһȺСѧʦҵһеĶֹˣһĪĿֻŸĵ˵ͷ
ﬣ
ԼȴǶԴ˺ԹԵĵţʮָ֮Ϸٵͣıãһ뻹ϣһȴ䵽˵£һȴַ·ãã󺣡
еĵӶĶƣȫսܳܵļޡ
ȵ죬׹ߣһ㼦Ƥ񣬼̶ëȻŹɣʱʱͣĪļͷ
ǱĪֻŵգ˲㳡֮һǰ֣ʵ͵ĵӺܿУ¶ʹ֮ɫ
ö˶ס˶䣬Ȼȴ޷ֹûԼĶĤʵһЩģæϥ˹ֵһͨ죬ͨͨѣ·ʱһ
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л;һһȻôĶֱ󣬾ڵľ磬ҲӸûܣλʦҲƤ̲סĵ˹ֵ
ѽӴ
ƾȻֱŷö໹˹ֵĵӣһ֮ͱˡ
ڳʲôʲô
ѽɣ

еļλЩĵӣҧ⣬󲿷ֵĵӶ˫Ŷ䰧ħֱ̨񹬣ÿһλ̨еҵĻεʹ࣬ڵӷ׷׵أеſڵŻ
Сӣˣס֣
ﬣ
̸ǾˣϵߺȻһըȣһû˵Ȼֹ
ͷһԼŭĿӣʦϵ壬΢΢ĴŰӣЩĪͷԼ͵ôԼһѵˣ
̨¿ȥ֪ʱ̨ѾһƬЩ˶ſڵŻ²ֹƲȻôôԼԼòҲųһɣûء
˳ҪǮ㳪ֱҪȥмһ˿ŭ
СҲ֪ʲô̥һôʱס̨²ٵ̨񹬶Ҫ𣬸ǣСӻһ޹ӣɶһƺûʶոӣɶôصĺ
ű٣̨ȥЩӼһǼ˹һЩĪصλϣҿ˿½㣬ڱĿһǵͨ죬һ㡣
ѵô
ϴŨŨɻ󣬿־ò԰һѣô˴˺ովʲô
Եġ˵ƼеĸΪصһˣӵѶȷǳ֮ߣҪĳͷḻı飬űĪǻʮֶصɡ
˸оʮ˲ĥʸ޷ܣΪû֪ʳʲôЩֻһϿڵġӿǺųƾһ鶼ѧᡣ
ڵһ׸ʱҲûΪսԼƻʱѧ׸裬Ҳֻѧ˸ƣҪԭƣ˵ǿѾﵽļޡ
һסĲþöûͣЪһ㳡֮ϲŽĻָ˰˵ж£Ƽٵһ²֪ٵҪ񹬣˵С


40 䶨
ˣвʵĵӣ˳ԪG˿ߵ̨ǰ̨µӵһ䡣
һʵЩĵӣոձƵӰԪGĻ֮ɴ⣬ϽȽŴ뿪ﶺҲкܴһֵӣȻ廹Щʣ׼յĽ
Ǽ׵ȵһӢԺ뿪ĵ뿪֮ԪG
˫ۣ³һϵĺνĵȥĿƵͣƬ̣Ҳ֪Ǻ⣬һų̋
սʽ
ƽϢһ»ЩڵѪʼԼĶࡣ
ﬣɱ֮ؼ·Ľ֮ӦһƬĺ֮֮䣬˲һִ·ֻҪᲦһңȡԼͷ
ӦþǴ˰ɣ
̨ǳԼ֮УһȫȻˣﵽҾССľһ£ӦѾĳ̶ˣ֮ǰֳ˵ʽˡ
ɫĽ̶ָ£ֻһͨң佫ԲСꡣ
ɱЩһŮӣȻɱ
̨ڵӣǱûѪڣ·һָҡ
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ʦȻһս
ǰʦ㵱治һеĵһˣȻ
һʽսȻ

̨¾֮̾һ֮УȻΨһһλ׳ĵӣټѵĸǣ츳ֱֻ
ھ֮ǰײĥ֮ӣֱԿˡ
̨ʦϺл˴յһӦڸʮųΡ
ԴˣҲʲôϣˣúһڵĻᣬȴôˣҲûϧԼ˵ӦǼ£һҪȥǸ˵һԵԼȴǲ֪ʲôԵ
һʱ̣ոյ̨յʮУ¾ֻƺֳ˵㹻ˣƶԣѾһֻϣܿЩֳԣҲǱֵʮ䣬ټ˵ĳɼж˵ûκεӰ졣
ʦ֣ոӽʲôôƺŵһӣƵ
ƻͷȥǸӷ׵ӣžӢԺӵķΣһЦϵķⶼ嵽һ
û
ڨЦһ£ΪֹûŪ״
ӺٺһЦҽǮ־ʦ֣̫Եˣܲܽ̽ң
һ㶣ѧ
ӵͷ絷⣬ʦ֣Ӻܶθڣϣܽ̽ҡ
Ժл˵ɣίĵӿɲʲô˶ѧģԼ˵ȫᣬǴˡ
Ǯ־ϳʧ֮ɫ˵Щʲôʱ̨ϼλѾϣԪGһžߵ̨ǰϽá

ټϣʦʦ׵㣬ξӢᣬѳ˵ţԪGᣬʮӢԺҶСھӢԺᣬڰԺֳ
£ֳоȺĿԼͶ㲻ȥѰңҲ֪Ŀ˵ģȻõ˵ڰλǾ֤ټõϿɣʮ֮У
ӢԺСԺƣӢԺ˳磬ڶӢԺ½㣬쾫ӢһΪӢԺ

ƿЦһ£ɼǱԤҪϲ٣ټ󿼣ֵ̫һӶû꣬ͱ̨ˣ϶ǲףֻõʮҲģȴû뵽һ
ȻûнǰףҲ֪ˣû̫ʧ
ʵƲ֪ǣл͵ʱ򣬴ʱ䶼ƵϣȣƵټ޿ɣʮֳڵģƫƫֻһ׵׵
ֻĻиͷֺ飬Ȼսڳ̨񹬶飬Ӱ쵽Щʦĸ֣Ȼֲܼ򵥵İУӵĹس̶Ⱥɱġʽ֮ϣǸ޷ոշư֪꣬ᷢʲô¡
˼֮˶ûһİöһģų֮⣬ȻЩίƣԵòƽΪԺ룬Ҳֻôˡ
ЩһʱЩ⣬½ˣ½裬սʽǵﶼϲ˺ܶࡣ
֪λʦôģĪǿԺӵݣüתƿȥȴϻϲɫƺһ㶼ûов
½㵹ûй룬¶˵ڶλãֳ˾ˣҲûһݵͼԺӳԽԼ
˲û飬ԪG㽫ǰ׵ĵ̨ڵӵ棬䷢νĽƷ
Ĺ˳磬Ǹȥŵˣжʮ꣬㲻˧ʺǳڣõĽƷƷҩ鵤


41 ٲǣ
ƷĵҩһֻʦʸʹãƷҩһֹڵĵ˵ѾһʷǳĽˡ
½õĳƷ鵤⣬һսγϡγϱսԭ׿ɴʮף½ã׾ףڵ˵ͬҲʮѵõġ
Ϊ쾫ӢĵһõĽͬƷҩսγϡ⣬һʮѵõսˮɡ
̨ȡˣɷˣڳÿһ˵УĽ֮ɫҲЩϧԼվ棬հĿ⣬ָо϶ܺðɣ
˵УӢ᳾䶨ȻЩźõҲ֪ˣһ˵񣬲Ǽ򵥵ο˾ֳģԺ·ҲȥƽһʱĵʧһۣѹڶྫӢԺĵӣõĳɼѾˡ
㳡ϵĵӽɢȥмӰΧм䣬̸ոδӣһûһӦš
ֳҲ߹˼䣬ϧʵڴӿƵĳɼӦֻǵģεЩƺǼλϹƵһӲǰǰףԼȴǻ벻⣬ԴֻһЦ
Сӣһ£׼ֳŮһ뿪ȴд
ôˣʦ֣ͻȻͣס˽ŲֳЩɻʵ
ҡҡͷûʲô߰ɣһЩҪ
ֳŽɣҲûʣЯֶȥ

ʦ㣬οǳˣոסԽ˸衯ǳ˲˵أ·ϣֳЦ
ֳȻһЦֻðˣʦְæǿ϶ǰʮġ
ǿǰƸǶ񲹣ǸɽˮľףǵĳɼҲôߣöϣƵĹ͡
ΪȻĵ˵ͷȻЩƤĵʦ㣬ġԽ˸衯ӦþΪʦֶİɣ
Ķģֳһۡ
Ц⻹ǫ̂չʾټʱʱʱʦֿ˵ʦòϲʦ˰ɣ
ƶ죡ֳһ䣬治֪һ쵽ЩʲôҿʦǸ˼Ŷԡ
ңҲŲأֲᳪԽ˸衯˫صĵ
ۣʦ㶼ϷҲ㣡
ʦ㣬ܻô

Ůֻһ׷ţһķ羰

ʱѾ磬˷㣬㳡ϵĵߵߣɢɢܿûˣЩĸĺ棬ȴڴҪԼȥĶ
һ·ϣֻǺлһûһţûдƣչ䣬˴߽˳Ժ
ԺɵȨۼˣԺĳϣһԼľסˣźʮλʦ⣬мλֹԪֱϣվȨе
ãΣλһŷ԰»ƻĿΡ
лһһҵȥ漴˷ϲˮл̧ͷƣȴһԹԵƷŲˮ
л͵Ŀʮͣȴһĸоվл͵ǰִԼһΪڡ
ƣ
ĬƬ̣ʱлͺȻڵ
æ˹ƣݼš
˳Ҳ㲻л΢΢ףϴһ˿޵Цݣֻпв
Ӳңæ
л͸˸룬ʵı֣Ǳ쾫ӢһⲢ飬ôҲΪãϣ⣬ߣҲ룬εͷҪǴȥҲ
Ƶ˵ͷ֪л͵˼ϾԺӶ㲻ϣ֪һ˰оӢӶѹȥ϶ǲɵģΪɵţȻҪΪɵǡ
лͶ֡
ԣæٷһԣߵл͵ǰ
лһһϣṆ̀һ̾л͵˼ٲһԼĸǡ
ȥɣлҲ˵ָָ̣Ƶ
֮ǰԹûзӦ˿̣ƿЦһ¡
²룬ȥͷȥʲô
һͣͷƢҲ̫Щ
̣ƷĸǶܸ԰ɣлȴҪ࣬˼ܵţĲʵҪĻ˸
Ҳûԥһ˿ַȥĵϣܲʲôģϾ˵ʮҪģԼڳɳѸ٣ҪûиǣҪͻһ϶ǳѡ
ھӢ֮ϣŸոմﵽͯڣûгԹֹ磬Ȼ֮֮ͬûиǵĻڳֹʱ򣬱ضǿ
ֻ۾Ķ̣֮гڴҪ֪ƿͯǸٲϵ츳Ҳǳܱȵġ
ûκεķӦӣûһϵϣ֮ɫ˲ͱʧ
ޣлʧҡҡͷ̧ͷƣҲһˣôһͣûǰ˿Ҳûеģ
ɽ֮ǰҲʱȻȷʵиǵģ֪ΪʲôɽĽƿЦ


42 ǣ
лһ£תƵͻ䣬µĸȻͣҲдڣ֮٣ǿģɽ·ϣǲǾʲô
ԣһͻĪԼռɽԲŵ¸ͻ䣿
Խ룬ƾԽÿܣ֮⣬ƿɲǵʲôԭԽԼͻĸˡ
عƵͷɽ·ϣһ꣬˺㶪
ԭˣл̾˿
ͽʿǲȣ٣пܵ¸ͻ䣬˲ɲţűСȴɲޣǵùߵģҡͷ
ƳĬһ£ʵţûпΪϳ⣬̲ⲻҵĸأ
лҡҡͷ̼ǣûκιϵģ
Ϊʲôɻʵ
л͵̵ļԭǼǵĸ֪֪ʲôô
ǣ
ԵЩľګҡҡͷ
л͵ߴͯͻֹ磬ҪǣǷΪ̽ǣһɣʱǱ꣬ľǻ׳󣬴ھ磬ȫںϣʱɳΪ
ŸڵʱԳıϴžȣûʦ̵һֱʯͷӣл˵Щû˵
л͵˵ͷڵľ磬ֻǸոսںϣѣ֮ǳĴǿĹҪ塢ʹôﵽɾ磬״֮С
Ӧǵ˵ĸǣǿѸı䣬ǷΪ֣̳̽ȻƷиӦǵϵĹ֮ͻܸӦǣ֮һλʿǶӦôֻһֹͯ硣л͵
޵ʣ޷ӦκǣͻֹˣԣӦ֪Ĵ˰ɣ

ŴͣɫЩ԰ԭΪԼ֮ԭ޷⵽Լĸǣʱлͽ̵ԭʱһˮͷ˽ŵס
ȻûзӦǾζţٹ޷ȷ֮⣬ԼǶûκεĸ֪޷֪ǣǾ޷ǣҲ޷ͻֹ硣
ô죿
һ˿ңʵķ飬ƼѾԤԼԺ֮·жôļѣѵҪһͯ磿
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ʯ֮䣬ƵԺͷϵıҲԵþʧ䣬лͺĻǸһ㡣
ˣţող˵ıǵķٻôץһĵһ㣬ȻԼĸܹûӦа취ٱɣ
л͵˵ͷҲƣֱӵ˵ûɵȷһԸıǡ
ԣһ˫̾ȼϣ
ǡ
һǡϵ˷֮ɫ̾ͽסˡ
л͵ǣɾĸʩʮԪΪۣʩչҳɹļʲɣѾҲɾĸˡ
һ仰ֽƵĸ˹ȵף˵ɾĸֲңҵˣƾʲôñΪԼķʮԪҳɹļʻɡ
СӣҲģʱǵøոټ󿼵ʱҸ˵ʲôô
һ㶣Ȼ̧ͷǰҵ͵£ºһԵڵҡ
΢΢ףһ㶼͵
ֻѡһһ͡
ɲѺЩӵ̨񹬸ˣлҡͷЦʱЩУкܶ඼Ǹողɳͯģ̨񹬳ɣͻȹ̣ʱֱֹ롣
ԣһ˿Σ׷ʵǰ˵ĻԵʲô
˰֣Ȳ㣬ոģ
İ治ΪһߣȻֱ׳ҲǹŽһˡ
ģʱȹŹӣôûɻĵӺȻȻŹ쳣вûма֮лͼҪʲôħļϸˡ
Ƶʱұ׼õεģǰֲһʱҲ֪õЩʲôô˶ţһ
͵Ҳ˶ûлɣͯһ׳ʲôӣҲ⣬һȥ֮дմźоһ¡
ҪӣЩ㵡
ô㻹᲻ôһɡ
ǣæҡͷ
лЦһͷųս⻹ͷһϣ㾡ܰǣҲ㣬þٺ㽻Σ
һ䣬ƻû˵ȴǰӶ˳һŵĿЦݵлͣȻԼĶ˳ˮ飬Ҳδ̫Ц˰ɣ
ƿ֪ͷѾٿǷǳģȻлţ˵һԾŶͷԸô


43 νԵ
̴ôʦѡţƲƲ죬˵ЩʲôǼƶԼ㽫˻ȥҪǾܾȴСǰԵԼ̫СˣֱӶƵǼʦƷеļƷЩֱضãպϣɵúʹá
гɾڵһգɽΪֱƷȻл͵
лţлǰ
ԣϲüңû뵽һȻܻǱı飬Ƶоһ˿ϲ
Ǳ֮ǰͩľ̫ˣԴϴ͵͵ùѾϣֻý׼ھȻóԼһǴȥû˻Űɡ
ҡҡͷԵЩ̫ˣƽٵ·ŵһߣ׷ʵţǸո˵ĻԵô£ǲиı޸ǵķ
л͸˸룬ȷУã
ʾ£ƹ˹ֻ֣ҪϣͲã
л͵˵һ䣬ͽ׵ӷ£ɸıǣֹֻӺѵãҲֻжţûм
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ǴĹһط˵ֹӡл͵
ʲôطЩȲ
л͵ִ½а˹ʮޣÿңһʥʥ̺֮޾ĲƸĵرɹݡ̫пѰǴĹҲһʥشԶɽ֮С
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Ƶɴ۾ЩԼĶ䣬һ꣬ԼĶܵȵ
лȴЦˣǴĹʥǼλϹ񿪱٣ͼӳ֣ÿһŻῪһΣһֻʮա
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л͵ÿʥĻʱٿ䣬ĹС֮УʮɣʥΪʥĴкǿѹﵽʦʿ޷룬ԱѡеɶѡĵӲμӣ
˵Щʱлһֱƣƺ
ʱСãǰ֮ڣҲұѡУξӢǰʮĵӣʸ붫ʥʮ壬ʥ֮ա
Ҳ˵Ҳʸ񣿡ԣϵڱԴһ㣬ЩţԼΪҪϺܾãȴû뵽ֻа¡
뵽֮ǰԼξӢ춼ͬĪ˵ľ
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һ㶣ĵ˵ͷΪʲôȥҵҲҪȥԡ
лһЦ˵ĺãɷ䣬ӹӹµµĹһ
л⻰˵ƵȥˣΪȻţʲôʥѰң
лҡҡͷǶûнȥǰʣǰ˴ʥҵֻ֪һһһֻ߿ţ֮ʱ߻Ҷ߹ֽľˮףɫΣΪѵãʥеʲôطҲ֪ÿԼȥ̽Ѱ
ϲĸԴʹĻʮֹ죬Ӻ˱ǣɵԽǺߵȽԽߣɢζԽŨңøԶʱʥ֮󣬿Կһ
⻹ǹôԣЩ㵣һӶѣȻϲ֣ǧţѲǹӻɾ˲ɣ
Ȼ֮ЩҲǵ;˵ѣǲģҪԼȥ̽ʦ˵һɣʱƾԣ㹻ԵĻӦл͵
֮ضգ㵽ʱҪСģʮʱ䣬ܲҵͿ컯ˣҲôֻٵȰ꣡
һҵĿᶨĵ˵ͷҲ˵ԼܲٵȰ꣬ȵˣʥĻҲһͷϣԣԼΨһһλˣһҪպá
ˣȥɣǵȥӢԺ˴ӣлͶ
ţӸˣ
׿Ժеƶл˹˹Ҫתȥ뵽ԼϾͿħצ뾫ӢԺʦѧգЩˮĴֻˣЩ˷ܡ
ҿͲȥӢԺˣԺǶɣԵʲô˶á䲻һ仰һ˷ܵĴƶ䵽˹ȵס
лһ㶣תƣأ
ң¶ɫҪܾ
ĿһɣֱӵʲôǸģԺ͸ңôˣ㵱ӢԺʲôõط

ɫЩ࣬ͷδҲ̫Ե˰ɣԼôľΪͷħצôû뵽ͷһգͷһ仰ְԼ˻ȥ


44 ӣ
ĿƵͣһ£óǺܲԸģл룬ǵͷͬ飬ɽǸʸͯģ¾ֻˣܴʥ֮ҵıǣߣõѡ
ɣȥӢԺƻˣһ֪һӢԺͲ㰲סˣʱסںɽֹھӢԺӢԺһƽɳ뾫ӢԺл͵
ôпЦһ£ЩôģĵԺòˮ
ɫòЩ̫ˬְѻı˶Ӧһ֮תȥ

ҹ
һ¶ҹƻǲˣһ˴﷢һ̾
ⲻʱ֪į}УԺһȺƴ˻ţΪѰżڳ衣
ϽҲ󰡣
żªݣƱЩΪ뿪ڻȴͻˣԼĵ֮׼ȰºȥĹʥѰҪǵʱҲıǵĻݶסˡ
뿪ţ磬ڵԾͣڵ£ҳһֽͱīһ¼еɣʼܱʼ顣
ӣôôһѣȻþҽ
ϵףīδ͸ƿֿȴǴɻӢϵľȻԼûиоǺ֮лͺĵλǾԲġ
дֻףϾд׳лҲȱ׳ӣ϶ǲԭģ٣ھӢͬҲҲл˷ʲôԣ಻Լڲƭǡ
ҸʱϲУҪȻҼ״඼ףһôתҲ̫鷳ˣʱӵ϶٣
īˣƽȴٵ£ԼѾ˾ҲǸҸὫװһˣҪȻʹΪ㣬Ȼ˵׸ĳײʲô£һ׶ôģȴһƴĹ̡
ǼƷҪһĲϻ治УҲ˵ģͨĲϣȴû˾ٵƷ׸ߵ޽
쿴ܲܵÿգпյĻȥһ˷УܲҵʵĲϣ⣬ùַʥ֮Уⲻʱ֮衣
ţþ֮󣬱㴵ưȥ˯ˣӢ죬۵òᡣ

ʦ֣дʲôأ
˯ʱǰɽԺвӵĵƹ⻹ţһӵĵƹ£ִëʣڤ˼ʲôлȻĿϣһҳֽͿͿĸģԭдס
֣֣֣üͷ֣תлͣСֻһҾȻ벻ܾкЩطԾ
ԭдġڸ֣Ȼ޷һֱǧţҪ֪һֹСޣһȻʲô£οھĴ֡
֮ǰմ󿼵ʱоӵѶȣԲŻҪףԼ룬ȴ֪Ӻ±ʣָоʵ̫ˣסЩӣ׳ȴǰԲϣ޸ĸİ죬ĵĲײࡣ
лҡҡͷӵȷ죬ɵת̫죬һһת޹ɿԣҸոԣҲ״ɷȮ
Сɷ裬治һܱȵģ̾˿еëһӣڻǷˣҪǼȥϸ˶ܰ
ͯȻڲ֮ͬлҲ̾˿״ٺúооɡ


գӢԺ
ڣ½ʮӣڳԪ˵Ǽǣȡµƣʽ˾ӢԺ
Ե쳣˷ܣֳҲŵЦݣ뾫ӢԺУǾζſ԰ʦˣܰһλʦĸΪʦÿһԺζ£ʦָҪԼʯͷǿˡ
ʦ֣׼˭Ϊʦ˳ĶʵֳͬЩ棬ĿƵϣȴƵĻش
ԣȴǿЦһ£ҡҡͷ
ʦ֣ôˣֳʵƵӣƺ²̫ߡ
ҡҡͷ˵⣬ðλΪʦô
ҲûãղаʦҲʦ˼ʦ
ŮԼһʦˣҡͷʱʦ
Ϊʲô
ŮԣһɻЩƵĻʲô˼Ƿô뾫ӢԺΪ˰һλʦѧϰӸô
ƵھӢԺҸԺ󻹸ǰУԡ
Ůԣһ£֮жӹһ˿ȣֳʦΪͽô
ԺҪʦˣྪһϴĽ֮ɫ
ڶŮУ϶ҪھӢԺǰ;ˣϾ˶λ֮һҴʵл֮ϡ


45 㵲·ˣ
ǰҲ֪Ƣţϲŭ޳Щ̹ˣѡһӢԺҡҡͷȻ֮ǰΪͽҽƲûаΪʦĴ㡣
ǰɣʦΪͽ㻹ܾŮޱȣڶϣƵ۽ǵжߣ
쿳ˮջǣҲþܾƷ˸ۣŮ⵱һòˡ

ʦ֣㿴
սǴ˵Ц˹ФȻͣס˽ŲԶԶָƣԵ
˳Фָķȥüͷʱһ壬ɫЩÿˣǰ϶ӭȥһǶˣǸով˾ӢᣬƴʣҲ˾ӢԺݣѾʶƲǣ˿·꣬Ҳ֪ӭȥʱܡ
ôλʦܣԱһŰֺȥʮ꣬ӷ׵ĵӼͣס˽ŲЩɻ
һת°ԶԶĳֳŮʦ֣ǸûУξӢĵҴʦֶѹȥˡ

ֺ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥԶԶɨһۣüһ˿ɫȻǾӢԺĵӣѾʮûʸμӾӢᣬξӢɱĺŵġ
˵ͷ֮ǰ൱ֱҾӢԺˣʱֻǸˣԺӶǣȻҶҶ֡

Ļֺüͷһ壬Ƿһ˿ȣʦֵƢ˽⣬ΣӲתһֻ֣䣬ȥƵ鷳
̬̾˿ˣʦ֣ǻǻ·߰ɣǣҪȻ϶Ϊǡ
Фһ˲ͼҲ¶ɫʦ֣㲻ɣȻһոսӢԺСӣҵҲˣʦֿǾӢԺˣôʦǰǻùԹԵĽʦ֣ʦּʦܻҪ·ߵĵȥЦ
ԣһ˿թھӢϴʣֽ˾ӢԺ¾͸ĿˣҲΪǺãʦ֣ǻǻ·ɣ
ߣ
ǰֺȻмƣФһһʱͽĻҲû˻ڲƭֱһҵҪôŷ
˵ţǺ˵ġȰ衯ֱڵվԶ˹ȥ
ʦ֣п
ֺһ뿪Ф̶˴Ĵָ¶˼Ц
¶һ˿ȣü¶һ˿⣬Сӻ޸ǳ
ФԣҲһ˿ʼɣûܣ
ͨȥԸߣջĿ⣬ʮֹϵФһͷ뿪

ƣ
վԺһ£ֳŮţȻӱһ̫Ƶ
תͷȥһԼŭĿӣһ㵣ֳŮҲһɻ󣬲ԼͬĶĿǰֺϡ
߲ƣ
ƵĵһоԿ϶ԼͲʶˣĿɨԶϤıӰƺʲô
ĳ֪ʦкμ̣üͷһ漴
ͨһ㶣˵ôһȾڵ˹ôһʣǲ֪ôشˡ
ߣ㵲ҵ·ˡͨ˰ͷƿһͦţһ˵ģ
ͨĻһ䣬˵ɫÿԺôվ£ôܵ·ǰҲ簡
üͷһ£ָָԱߣʦ֣·Ǳߣ
ͨҲ֪Լ̫ǣǿ뵽Фڱţɲʦǰӣϲô
˻ǲ·ǱߣƫƫҪѲǸֱӣֱۣӺĶͨ
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˵꣬תƣɲˣ⻰ʲô˼Ůô
ң㡭
ͨһʱͣɽϣŮӱ٣˵ǺŮ˵һô뺷һŮˣ仰ϵȫޣһʱֽŶ޴ţһǵͨ졣
Ƽ״ЩˣЩϷʵĿͨʮ뿴Ů˶ָ磬ôá
ʦ֣ʦ֣ǣʱһԱߴ
תȥСʼ磬λʦ֣˵ҵ·
Сתͷ˿ϱҲԵЩŹ֣Ťͷͨһɻĵʦ֣⣬ǲʲô᣿
ʶͨһ¡
С˵ͷ
ӣСָʶģδͻƵλʦ֣زʶҲǵʲôط㣬룬ӦʲôĹƻ󣬲ŻѰ鷳İɣ
ҡͨ͡
Ժһָָ㿴һˣ
ͨͷȥʱɫһ䣬ФѾӰʱٱҲʶԼǱ˸ˣˡ
Сҡҡͷͨļģʦ֣Ǳ˵ǹʹˡ
쵰ʱǰһ룬ոФԾͨԣɫüѿԼһʱȣȻļơ
СһЦʦ֣ӦûûԶϽ׷ɡ
ͨȭҧתܡ


46 ֹ
ι㻹ûǵǸأ
಻ˬĺһȻͨʱŭܣĺȫţ粽ܳԺӣȻȥȥˡ
ͨ뿪СЦҡҡͷתǸĶƵʵʦ˻ֻʱֱ̫תױ˹ƻеĵطʦֺ
ҡҡͷûзϣֻǸƸоЩᷳϴںɽûܰɱһʧ
ʦ֣λǣĿֳŮϣСʵ
Ƹ˻һ£תֳŮǲûð˭ΪʦôСǾӢԺĵӣǿ
λʦ㻹ûð˭ΪʦСʵ
ֳ˵ͷǶԼλʦ˽⣬ԣûá
СǾӢԺλʦ򣬳ʦԪ⣬ԪԪλʦԪʦ壬ԪʦΪߣʦڵľ磬εԪʦʦڵľ磬ʦԪʦȻҲʦڵΪǱλʦһЩԪʦѡӼΪϸµӼظǣʦĻƢ̫ãԪʦֶΪۣλʦʦĻҽѡԪʦ
ʦܣԪʦΪʦôֳʵĵ⣬Ͼһ˫ѡǿѡ˭ΪʦԷҲѡǷΪͽ
СһǿԷģԪʦŮޣܺ˵ģӢԺŮӶǰ£ξӢһʦ㣬Ԫʦĵӡ
ǱãлʦˣֳŮһЦȻѾ˾
СҡҡͷתƵʦ֣ʦ㣬ڿпϾһ˰ɣ

ӦԼҪ׵ģһ㶣˵ͷŮһС˾ӢԺԺȥ

ʦ֣ξӢᣬ㻹Ⱑ·ϣСЦ
ھӢϵı֣ȷ⣬ɽģʱûȥ۵ƣѹӢԺһͷ
ҲⰡ
Ҳ֮һЦҲû뵽ǸԼɽˣǾӢԺĵӣһǾӢԺһеٮٮߡ
ʦ˵ʦϵ述ƵǷ켫ʦҲǾӢԺĵˣԺʦֿɵöָָҲССЦ
ǫѷҡҡͷȴǹˣֹ綼ôҵõǷ켫֣
СһЦããǲ֪ҹʦʦڷĬʦһֱҹûдҲطԣʶ²ˣʦܰһﵽսĵز裬ɲһеģʦ涼ء
ôôƵ
ҪȻʦһ㣿ǻǿɣȥóˣʦ浹ûʲôʦǵˡСЦЦŲȴǼӿ˼֡
ƽȴЩƣСЦģֹͦ۵ģҲʲôµӰΪʲô䡷أ


鷿
һű㿴лͶվһ鰸棬л͵űʣüͷ鰸ϵֽдʲôһԿֱҡͷ
ԱߵĵһŰֽ˺ܾˡ
ʦ棬ʦ棬ʦֵˡСĵ
ʮֵרעͺרĽѧƺûзƺСĵƵġ
չȥһֽͿͿĸģԭĬ롶Ʋˣڸ֣Ȼһѵˣ˵ȥ¶û˻š
ӵѶȣģǼףҲ϶д
Ȼ̫ԣָŰֽҵףл͵
лͳһЩãʦ֣ܲܲ˵ҵ˼·ˣһҶˡ
ףʲôʱģתƺСվԱߣлͲһ¡
һˣλʦ̫רעӽ˼ûܽǡС
ҲǴʱŷԱ߶ˣƣ̱أô
ЩȲ˵ӣǱӸĥĲᣬ˲ٵ
Ƶ˵ͷҹдõȡ˳
ù
һѱ״Ƶ˹ȥֱӷ鰸ϣо
ԭ
üһתϣӵı仯̫û˰ɣ⻹ô
룬ǧ򻯣ƫƫνӵȻ

һҹڿף֮ǰѾ˼벻ͨĵطڿ׵ʱ򶼻ȻʣΥǶĵطǴ۽磬õ׿ʼĿҲŲˣֱӰƺСһߣŪҲǣҲǡ
Ѷȣףôûдʣ
һлͺȻ̧ͷơ
ҡҡͷӱûдʵģ
԰ɣ㳪ţššüΪƲʵǲ˽
ȷûдʣƵҪȫĵͶ룬߻鲻Խĳ
ô棿СûڲƭǰɣЩ̫ŵĵ
ǲţһԣֻҪȫĵͶ룬ͻȫܿƵĸڳľʲôҲ֪ƶĵ˵ͷ
ٴγԹȷ鲻Խĳһ˺ֵĹȫܿƣңҲȷ֪ʲô˼ǰڵϵʱ׸裬ûʳľʲôÿ˶ÿ˵ͳҪ˵Ȼ


47 ޽
л˽ŽɣֽĿϡ
ʦ棬ǡһС̲ס
л̧̧֣ȥɣûǵˡ
ǣ
Ӧһ˳ȥͷſ鰸ǰϸоס

鷿⡣
ƳһɫЩŹ֣һȻλ˳ԣԺиֳлͳӣ̧ͷ˿죬оҪˡ
㿴ûƭɣʦʧ̬ʦ֣Ȿ¿ǲССһĶЦ
ﬣ
ƵȻһЦ˵鷿ںȻһֱѪһӿ
ãʦǿʼˣʦ֣ǸϽ뿪СȻɫ䣬ɷ˵ų´ʤĳ˳Ժ
ʶã鷿дǡһԼѪӿӻǷͬ졣

ʦ֣ôǰ׻ˣӾȻôҲɱСһǿһǰ޹˵Ⱥˡ
գл̲ס̾
ͷӵȷпȡ֮ܽ͸Ҿ磬ؽһҶЩɣӵǲСˡ
л΢΢ףѾ˷豹ľ磬طֵǽǶֵż⣬ǾײģƲʮͷ̥㿪ʼ֮Ҳﲻĸ߶Ȱɣ


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룬ʦһ£ʲôѣ
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Ƶ˵ͷҲϣϧ֪ʲôã˵޽ѣҲ֪ʲô޽Щ
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˿ټϵĴףҡͷҵʦųƷײڴףҪ߳һЩԣ뻹Щ޲Ǿٵĺá
ŶȴƷ׻ߣҵʶһ¡ӿһ£ɻ󣬿ӣлͦӵ
ưֵţûдʦҪ֡
˵٣֣ӿʵÿһƷ׵٣е֣һǱȴٵƷ׸ߣֱ֮⣬ٿɲࡣ
Ҳֱӵ

ӿԣü֮һ˿ȣĿϴһ£֪ǰ֮ɵĵӣ
ʦ֪ĻͦƵһЦҲûзϡ
ӿ˸룬Цһеģ֪֮ܲ˵ǿǰĳӲ˵ģǰܿ㰡
ƿЦһ£ѵҲӦ֪˼ҵƢ̫ãҪ֪ˣ϶ᱩߣԣҵóûǰõҸȥҪȻ֣Ҫҡ
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ʦɵþȾңʵڲУѴ׵ҳҲСװĵ
ĶУ
ӿԣƵһһλǰģֲҾ¥ĶҪǻˣλǰҿɳܲ𡣡
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ǺӳģǦʺУҲ֪ǼӺ˶ãһңӿ˲һ˿ȡ
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ӿֽ˿ȡ˳߳һĸӦҪɡ

޷ΪŽףǱֵ㻯һ£ﵽ߽ףɻûΣǿ൱ʿʦڵľˣ۾һ̴ӿнӵС
ʮֵȣĳ˳ʮֲʧԣңȷʮ־ѵĲϡ
ȷһϲֵֻһô
ӿҡҡͷ㵱Ǵײأ޽׵ģôһҶţһλܼ¾ǳҵĽˡ
Щʧֻ߽߳һҵģҪңɻһ
ʦ㿪۰ɣܱûкãһȥתתôУӦò޽Ҳɣ
ӿ룬ָ֣
öƷ龧Ȼ֪϶۸񲻷ƣƻǱһ˿롣
ӿ˸ۣ޵޽öƷ龧óƷ龧
öƷ龧ԥһ£ʦ᲻̫ˣҿٶ
ѾͼˣҪǻ˱𴦣ûʮöƷ龧붼ӿ


48 ַ
ֻǿһۣƱ֪ӿʵǰɫɫ˿ɲ٣õֶξ̧۸һּۻۣΪ׬ˣʵ㻹˲٣޽ȻټҪֵöƷ龧Ȼǲʵġ
ʦҿɲɵۿ̫ˣƵ
ӿ٣
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ӿЩ֣Сûô۵ģһ͸ҿһ룬Уö龧ҿҪ⵽Ѽˣö١
Ҳ˵ָָǰټϵĴףʦңȲ޽ҲӦò˶ٰɣҲҽмۣһ޽öƷ龧һ绨ʮöƷ龧Ѵ£ʣת㣬öƷ龧һô

һƪ۸ӿһʱͣȻƸʵסˣ˵ףǸˣϰҪۣ۵ȷЩǰìܣٵĽ޽޽ҪһЩ۸ȴûôף۵һ޽ǵõϴ׵ļ۸ˡ
ȻǲʵʵģҲԸѡףǵһ޽
ЩΣӿЦһСֵܣ۵ȷЩˡ
룬ʦմ׵ļ۸Ľ׵޽Ҳͼֵһö龧׵޽۸϶ߣɣö龧˵㣬ٸһöö龧Σ
ӿԥһ£ջǵ˵ͷ޽öƷ龧ļ۸ҲⶫܾˣһҲۣ߽׵ʿҲ̫ĲϣȻ򣬲ôֵˣ÷ž
һЦҲ׬˻ǿˣʡö龧ҲĳӿԼļ۸񣬻кܴѹ۵ء
޽ӿϣӿ̺ãַŻ˺һݸƣƽӹӣʦַô
ȻУ
ӿ˵ͷЦսַﶼУҪʲôƷ׵ģ
սƷԽԽãƵ
ӿɻĿһۣɽϴţֲôõַʲôã
ҲҪһܻΣգҲδѣܵЩֶΡ
Ҳֺ¶ݵˣ˵ĻӦҲ٣ӿҲʣߵ̨ȡһڴӣϣӴ򿪡
СӣÿﶼַȻԳɫͬȥʮֵľ¡
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Ҫ׵ģַǿ൱ʦڸֵһֻǻһۣ˾
ӿӵļ鵭ɫץ˳öַսĽ١ƣϴθǼöַ߶֮󣬿ɻһƬ꣬Ѱʦڵĸֶݱܷâ
һϲãҾҪ
ۿɲͣʮöƷ龧һöӿ
ԣЦһͣɫһʦͱˣϿû龧ġ
ۣӿһ
ʦÿչ⣬ܵøҵŻݰɣΣһЦй֮ǰ޽ľҲ˳˳ˮɲӿıûˮ֡
ĶȻּۻۣӿһۡ
ƵΪǱĶʦøŻһЩˣҪˣԺĸԩͷչ⡭
˵㣬۾Ͱ۰ɣӿϽƵĻСôῳۣɵĵӣõԱǿϧˡ
ԣϹЦݣöַи߽׵ô
ӿԣԥһ£ҵһöַ˵ãһöƷ龧׼ּۻۡ
ȡ
Ƶ˵ͷ̴ߴٵַǿ൱ʦڵĸһˣܸ㵽һöַʥ֮Уܶһֱϡ
ӿһһӻɫУʣ࣬ȷǼöַÿࡣ
ӿöַս̩ɽƣ߶˷ɻǧɽѹˣʮְԵ˵ûôҪһöƷ龧ȥ
죡
׼ۣûƵĻ˵ڣӿϽһһڼۣҪȥҪҾԼ
һͣͷãһ˰ɣ
ӿԣĵ˵ͷһ£ٶʮöƷ龧
ҲӴȡ龧ˣӿöַƣƶ˶٣ִ˳һ׵ַ
ӿһ㶡
һһЦʦ˵˲ۣû˵㲻Ұ
㡭
ӿһЩãߣߣ
Ͻãŵ˹̨¡
ַʲô·˳ַӿʵ
ӿ֡Ƶķ
ллʦף¡Դȸˡ
һ۶˹ȥӿûĵ㼪ˡ
һЦһ¥ȥ

ڷתһȦҴ͵ĵ̶ȥʹȴûҵ޽ۣ֮£ֻٻһ˾ãӿæ⣬޽͸š
⣬˳ʮĽ׵ַ׼뿪ɽС


49 ׼
û٣龧ȴ컨ˣϴ׵龧Ҳûʣ¶ˣһַַʮĽ׵ģһΣ˵װݣʥ֮Уֶ˼ְա
Ǻöȴ̫ǮˣѰӣǸһĵͽ׵ӣô龧ȥЩ
ʦ֣
ſڣԶԶһ̧ͷȥһŮӭʮϤ
ôɣ
Щ⣬Ȼûϵ
Ҳе⣬ʦ֣ҲΪպĶɽ֮׼İɣ
㶼֪ˣƵ˵ͷʵ
΢΢ףټǣֻ㲻ڣʦ涼˵ˣպȥɽʦһЩ龧УûʲôõŵĶ
ôɽ벮ɽҲЩ·̣ȷǰ
ʦ֣Ҫȥô֪ʦֶʲôöЩʵ
عƵ˵ͷЦҲûʲôĶֻ˼öַ
ַôһ㶣ʦĹϵôãΪʲôʦҪأȻַʦƵַãʦľ磬Ӧвٺöġ
ԣȴǿЦһ£ôٵˣкöҲֻţóô
ҡͷһЦǿɲһ㲻ô֪أ
ǰƢҲǲһһڣ͵ðһѵ˰ɡԳһ¡
ĵλгǸŮӣ򳤱Ҫû˻ܾȴһǸˣĵҪ濪Ǹڣοô٣һž٣ˡӡŻġ
ȻһЦҲûټԣҾͲʦˣȻȥɡ
ŷȥıӰ̾˿ӢеľӢǲһܱг࿴Ҫǻ౦Դ
ַסҩĶֻҪǺܸ߽ף϶ȡ󣬴ԶⷻҲ϶ͨ£ţλھӢ϶ռͷŮӣǿ϶ȱ龧ġ
˱ˣԶֻ˰ҡҡͷ뿪˷С

ɽɽݡ
ˣҲõѾóңϾҪƻ϶ŭҲֻ㵽һ޽ңһС
ǰ
߽ҩҩ
̧ͷƣĶȥˣôû㣿
ȥɽУƺԾ߹ȥ˻
һ£ҲûжʣպǱҪˣ֪ô
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ˡ
΢΢ף׼ôˡ
ɣ̧ͷǰҲǲⱲӾˣ
޾ԣڵܾģֻˣŬɣ˵ע߷ֵÿԼ㾡ȥң벻ɣͿԵˣ
Ƶ˵ͷ͸żᶨһҪҵ
ʥֻῪʮ죬ΣأʱΣգҲҲִţʥر֮ǰ㻹ţһҪҪȻֻϰˡ
ҵôãʵ
ôãȻǳˡ˸룬ֲ첻㣬׶⣬ľˮֱӦ̽ǣҵֱ֮ӳ˾ǣһ࣬ѱ棬ʱԽãҩЧҲԽͣ£˵ܸƷĸ
ҲʲôƷǣֻҪ޾СƵ
ͳһһһƿݸƣƿźƿѪƿеǱٶϣԱʱ֮衣
лǰ
ȫûϵͷԼһʱ侹Ȼܳĸоһ£ֽ˹λҽʦƵĵҩ϶ǷƷ
ûдƣעֻص˵֮ϡ
պõҩ̧ͷ˿̽ĵǰ֪ûи߽׵޽
޽޽ʲôԣһɻ󣬺Ȼ뵽ʲôɫˢһ¾ͺ㲻ǰѾ˰ɣ
ôܣƻæϡ
Ҫ޽ɻʵ
ʵԼңͷҪԼϾͷĸΣȻ͸ԼҲԼ濪ģһתͩľٲǶһôϣ
ԣȴˣͩľ٣˵һӻȻ޽ñô
ðɣ
ôһ˵ȴֻ÷ˣپȥͽɡ

գƽ繮ͯڣڼҲųһֹ磬ȴûʲôЧҲӼᶨȥʥѰ뷨ٴΣգҲһҪӭͷϣҪȻܻܿӹӹµµĹһ
ܿ͵˳ӣһ磬ƾӢԺ
֪ǰԺΪԼѾùˣȴû뵽ѵ룬ƺֻڵԼ
ʦ֣㣬͵ˡСЦ
æ˹ȥ˼ǸԼ⣬оӣƸоһɴŵĿ⣬̧ۿȥüͷһ壬ƺʲôֵĶˡ
ôˣǰʮôЩɻ󣬵Сʵ
СҲλʦֲȥգճһλãԪʦŹϵȥ


50 ɣ
룬ҲУϵ޴ڰԣͶȥһ˿ĵĿ⡣
оеıģһӾͺһŤͷȥ½յһҲֹ֪ʲô
ֳҲȻߵƵߣƴ˸к
ûһִԪG;ӢԺԪ顢Ԫ֪˳
˶ˣ˵䣡ԪGԺƣɽɽ֮ã棬ʥĻҲֻа˴ΣʥĹٴСѡʮɣҲõ˵ǸǧѷĻᣬܸᣬ˵ģͬʱҲǵĲңΪʥ֮ʮΣգ淢ʲôǶ֪һжҪԼǺܸܿĴۣÿʥʥĸɵϰˣܹȻģֻа˳ü˳ô
Ŀɨû˵ȻûԸ˳ġ
ʱԪпܸǴĻرǣĻرͬʱҲż˵Σգϼأʥ֮ܲɱһеĿռѷ죬⻹޴ڣʸʥʮ֮Уɵʵ֮ϣилݴ¸Ĺ˴ַ֮һַҪԵģŸɵľпܻڲҪǣǶɵĵӣӢеľӢ򲻵ѣһҪšһȥʱʮˣϣǳʱҲʮˣ𣡡
ӵȽʦ̻塣ڵȵ
ԪĿɨ֪ȻЩڴӦʥ֮󣬿϶һ⾰ˣΪʥеıͬҲǲܵ£ЩҲǰĪʦ֮޷ʥ֪鷢Ҳ޷ֹ
ԪGԪȥԪ˵ͷǰȡһӣ˵ʮ߳߿ռ䣬ʥʹã⣬ÿųƷǺľú䣬һһȥɡ
ڵӷ׷ǰȡһûùļˣȻϲʤ֣½˵ȴûȤˣźȲʦ˽ǵĶࡣ
ˣû˳Ļô²˳٣ھͳ
˵Ѿ˵꣬ԪGҲϻһӣһ̹һɳľ۳˵ǰ
ֱ
ֱھĸֲƵıܣһ£ﵽֹʹֱֱķѺʮֵĿֲֹĺǱˮнֻеʦ磬߶ֱûô
ԪGֱۣһֱǰΪԺϵݣлشġ
ȥɣԪGڵӵ
ڵȺۣԪGԪԪλʦӣƵˣһʮˣɶ೤һʮվ棬ԵʮֵĿ
ԪGǴֻڵһ㣬˴ͷһۻƮ𣬳ˣֱݷȥ

ããƺһҶ۳˷ˣòң
£ǰããĹˣ紵͸ˬʮ֮г֮⣬඼ֹ磬ֹҲ޷նеģ߿շеľܶ˶ûоһĪ˷ܡ
ǰʱɻöˣٶȿ˵󻹿죬ȫûָоֻֻݣǾ˷ܣն裬ʦһ˿
һСݣڷ꣬ʮӣλʦ⣬˼߳˴գվڴͷβŷƣŰããƺһʮȸԾ˾ֺ顣
λʦʦãΣվڴͷ½
ȻǶŴ˵ģǣ˵ʱ۾ȴǲ
ð
һվȻǴʦ飬϶Ǹиˣ
½ʦ֣ɣҵϴ
һڣ˸ͣ½Ƿһ˿ȣԼȡ˳˴ͷҾȴ֮ˣ
Ŀ˾ٵĿģע⣬ò˵нԣɹĿ⣬ϴһ˿Цݣݾ֮£Ҳһĳ嶯
νԹ⾳ֻҪ⾳ˣͲˣ⾳֮£˵һ׸߽׵Ŀ
ƺֳСҲվڴ⣬ΪԼԸԲûȥֳ֣СЩԾԾԡ
ͷеΰ
ǰɻûι벻Ȼδţоһ㲻ڴϣŴϱĿ

һƬţ½˫ָ٣ĿڤƬ̣һ˿ȣ㿪ʼң̼
Ƭ̳ȴǱǿˣǳǰ˰ڣԪGԪԪĿ͸ڴͷ͸¶ϲ͡
Ԫ鵭ȻһЦԪʦǫˣ뵱ǸʱԪʦֿڶʦֵٮٮأƬ̳˵Ҳ¡
ԪGҡҡͷ֮ڿ죬ھƬ̳죬ӣٶΡ


51 ĳ
ԡ΢΢ףԪʦ˵ϸܳҹ۽ӣӦװɣΣƬܳѾʵˡ
˾ΪȻԪGԪʻҪȽʤһЩҵʲô
ţģԪҲ
ԪҲЦݣȴʸǣȷ޿ޣǿɱСӣЩһϣ
ԣΪȻԪGҪ˵⼸Уܺһϸµģ˽⣬˰ɣ
ԪĿڴ⣬ӢϣǷͷʦѹȥһ֮λֲͷϡ
Ԫˣʦ˵Сһһ޵ĸǣ¡
û˵꣬Ƕ֪˵ʲôԪGԪ鶼ҡҡͷĿǸŴϱĿӰϣǾЩϧ
ʦƺͦ˵ܳΪǵʦأԪG
ԪܴʦҽҲʧΪһ·
ޣҽҲ̫ĳɾ͡Ԫҡҡͷ


ʦ֣
ڴ˵۵ʱ½һ䶨ֳޣǺεĶ䴵ѡ
Цˡ
½ϴһ˿Ц⣬ķ죬Եú⣬Ȼֻһ׳Ƭ̳߲ʫѶеһƴˣܴﵽ̶ֳȣ̾
½ʦ֣֪
ȻԼ˵ˣ½дžȣȻܳĸо̵ҳΪƼ̾ʦüЦˡ
Ƽ֣̾ʦֹȻ飡
ЦȻ½ԼŭĿӣʱعζ½ò׼һ˵ȴͰ͵ܳƻգ½㲻ŭŹ֡
Ц˸Цæʦ㣬Ҳһɣ
ȻһЦʦɣ
ûϵƴǣЩΣ½һۣʦõĲ飬Ȼǵѹˣⶼ
ʦָ߼½ŭϲֱӶ˹֣ʦԺСשˣ
Աϣ˴ͷ½ǺȻվߡ

ֶ
Ʋ֮ϣΪǼ˶³ִ٣ûоϸѶȲСֻľ磬ܴﵽ޼֮У½⣬һˣ˳硣
˳һ߸ϡ㣬ﵽ˳ľ磬ѶҪ½ЩϾ½ǵһ˳Ժ󣬶һЩʱ
һƶķﵽнףɹӮһ̾
Ųڵӱ֣λʦ϶Цݣƺ׷˵¡
֣ԺҪ˯ȥȻļһС
ôˣ
˶Լһɻ
СЦʦ֣ô˯ˣҶͿˡ
ңԴҾ˰ɣǵģ
ֳ˹һĵĵʦ֣岻ô
Ƶ˵ͷеΣ
ҪϢֳһ룬󣬵岻ʡ
ǺǣͷΣװİɣҿӣ˰ɣ
˵ԱȴһÿҲ֪ġ
ƵüͷһӾڵм˵ɫҲЩÿͺгıִһ仰ա
ʦ֣㻹ûʸô˵ʦְɣֳ̱Ƿǰɵ𼸷֣ѾǾӢԺӣһԪΪʦẦ
ʦãʲô˼ԣɫһӾͳ
ʲô˼СЦһҲΪۣûֳ𻰣ȵȻ˵ĳЩĳˡ
ĳ˵ĳ
ܵȻǿԪ˵ĹϵܸģʵʵӢ˵ʮֻ˵ʮһѡ
ҿûָգʦôԼԺأСЩָɣĵ
㣡Ȼŭ̶뷢쭡
ʦֵܣαˣ½סʱվ˺ˣߵǰʦܣҶ͵ˣ˵㾪žޣ㲻ɨ˴ҵ˰ɣ
ü۴ЦʵڸѼϼܣͷЩΣǱ½ôһ˵ȴԥˡ
ʦ֣
СƵļʾϣνһһ㣬ңǸϾۼ׵ھл˶̾ѵġ
ֳû˵½㣬һгһе⣬ʱƵȷӦվ
˰ɴʦ֣˹ϾǼһһô׸߿գҪλʦֵܲ˵ȥǿǻġ
һ̫ˡ
Ƚʥʰ㣡ƵݸһۣЩԴȡ٣վ
ȻҶô£Ҿ͹ˡƵȻһЦ˴ͷ

ʦ֣ϰ£𷴶ЩȻƣƵ츳ǲòϵģһһ׺Ƕӣ
û£Ҳ뿴жı£
½ԴӾӢ֮㾭ڼλʦ岮ĿƵ֣ǶмӣǲˬƺͦȤƵģ½жЩƽ⣬úõһƵʵ


52 һ
Ƭ̳Ƿǳ߹ģΪʱִ٣ȫУ޸ӵʱ䣬ӣǲġ
תһԵ½һӾͰעȫƵϣ½㻹ϿŨŨڴ
Žããƺ棬Ƴĺ˿ˬ࣬ΪͷеΣҲ׼ԼˣǴӼӦӦ
ʲôأ
һУڼţôҲ׺õģһҪ˳
á
˵ʦ֣㵹ǿ㰡֪ǵȵúżô
ڴͷûж̲ס༤˵ǸŲŶԣ֮ǰһ⾳֮У״С
˿̳ԴţȫǾĲһ⾳ѳҪٴ˶֪ĿģͶȥƵ
֮ʱܱ˴ţ֮вĵĹأ岻һо˲ƵĿ⣬Ľ׼õĸĻ˻ȥⷸŭ
ﬡ
һʱˣ˵ĿⶼͷȥƵıӰϡ
ϵĻҳƣľԶҲǿ·ҲҪ¹µһ̡ϰһˣ˹ʣΪҸഺһһ桭
ϵĻҳƣľԶҲǿ·ҲҪ¹µһ̣ĪЦǶ֣ĪԳɰӢۣ˵ͬк׳־ء
дʣԵԳԴɳƺͲɣڸͬһʱ̣˵Ŀⶼ޷ƶ
Ӻú
֮УԪG̸ʱһ׷߳˴գŴͷȥ
ķ鶯죬˶סˣΪǷԼɵĺҲƵӿѡ
ˮʪƵӸյ֮ʱãܿоѹѹƺȵࡶΡʱҪǿ֡
ȻѹɽѾͣˣ׸ʱľ˵˼롣
Ȼδ֪磬й㯣й֣̿ǣһǰǧգɽˮ裬Ҫԣл˵ĺãɷ䣬ĬĬţӹӹһ
ΣֻҪа취ı䣬ԼþȫȥȡԼ磬ԼһҪ紳һ
ѣҵĸţƲ֮ϣһҶСƮҡУΧľƲ㷭ӿѣ˵˼·һͣˣȫӪĺֵ֮Уһʱ԰Ρ
ϺٺٺϺ٣ɽˮϺٺٺϺ٣Ҳ赲ұǰ̣ϺٺٺϺ٣ããδ֪ọ́Ҫҵ
£ЪһӾ֮ϻص֮䣬һԲ׹䣬ֱƵš
ķѸƻۣһ磬Ʈҡѣ̻ع׷סΣԪҲϽʹۣƽ
죬Ȼһ
Ǻ죡
Ȼù¼Ƭ̳ܳһֱ̫˼ˡ

ԪG˾ֹĵӣűˣǸ½ģʦ磬ȴǿǵӾ֮µĽ⣬ǹ½ɡ
£Ȼ˹£֤Ѿ𣬶ҾǸոģá
֮ʦĸ֣ԵҲóƣһͯƬ̳Ȼһֱ߸ǵ֪ԪGӦʱһ˶õƶˡ
ڵסΣԪG˵ĶԻһɵסˣһдʣҲ˵ô̵ʱڣһѴʸȥѶȸ֡
˶ĿŴͷǸӰڣг𾪣𾪣Ǹոʱ򣬱Ѿоȴû뵽ȻѾﵽĲΡ
һѾھһƾȻֱ찡
ͯ磬ǶδɣôܳɾǴ˹£Ǿ֤ȷҲ̫ʵˣ˶Щš
½ɫֱ䣬𾪣дܣǵȷǼʶƵı£ǽ˵ȴѹԵġ
ܱ˼ʣ֮һɣžҲԶˣһ̣½оԼȫˡ
ôǿҪɾֹô
Χòӿ˵ԺﶼӿֳһͷüͷһдŨŨĵǣͻֹ磬ʵؽԺ϶ԶԸˡ

½ʶ̨˲û磬ѾܶˣԵü죬ûȥṦ½⣬ȫĶǲӿԼ֮ϡ
ΪĺעУ˳ת죬һһĳˢƵ
ӿ룬񼸺ȫתһͣӿأԽԽ࣬۳Ũİĺع
ǣǣ
Ѿﵽͯ۷壬ĵĸӦǣǸӦ˰죬ҲûиӦκǵĴڡ
Ӧǣ޷ɾֹһ˿ң˿ȫݻ٣ʵƣǣٹǺǶ޷ӦǼ򵥵ޣޡ


53 
һǣƾͻֹ磬Ժרһǣǽޣһ˿Ҳսˡ
ڲͣȴٳٲͻƣĺֻںвͣĻѹʱ״ΪҺ̬ڶӴѹʹš
ĺγӴѹʹúΧƣһʮʹΣյģرƣϣ򶪵
ʱ˿Ƶܿپᣬ·ھʲôĪʹࡣ
ڲϵӿ룬ƸоԼһڲͣͣ·Ҫըһ㡣
Űĺ֮±ţҲĺųƣʹֱ࣬޼ƿʩʱһ֮׷ӿֳһӿأһֿʼȫ
֮ĳ֣һ˻ȣʹļˣоЩ˷·ԡȪ֮һʲôʹţкֱ۵ᡣ
˹֮İƿϣһ˿˿ɫԺܿٶ޸ĺغ;
ͣš޸ţڴĺ͹֮໥Э֮£ԭֱֻгĺأȻǵ˽ߣռݵλãһ׷Բ̨ʣ޼
ƽһȻ֮޸ĺأôȥҪ̨űʱԲǷȥΪôˡ
޸ƵƣĹ֮ٶȻص֮Уɢĺء
صֱ˽һԭ߰˱кѣŨصѾγһţ̰ĺҺ
ոյľ˵Ǿޱȣй֮İڵ̨ըٳΪˣҶɹѹأȴ˲һõͻֹĻᣬûиӦǵĴڣ޷ǣ޷һֻǺӵ˶ѡ
ӣͳΪֹˣȴƫƫ޼ƿʩҲһԼڵΨҵܾԼˡ

ĺһ˫ۣϷڷ֮ƮҡţƸоԴѾûѣθУǹ½ðɣ
ͷһ˶ͬһ飬˾ȣǾȣԪG˶վԼ
пЦһ£ֻϳ˵ģڵӣȴû뵽ѡһôĶ
У֪ģҲֻлͶˣ֮˾λʦ֪ԪGֻ֪츳ڣϵǳ˿ɱȣ뵽ƻ
ʦ֮£ѾǼޣһͯûǵĳǿ֪׳һֻò˼ݣǽ˵ǿ϶ᵱڿЦһǸЦ
һ˴ӾлعԪ´һеľҲΪʲô˿ԸߣҲԸȥӢԺС
ƣ㵱⣬Ƭ̳ȻһǰС㡣Ԫǰ֪ϵܸߣҲٽһϵķˣǴ˿ȴǴиĹۣΪһҲǼѵġ
ʦˡƹ˹ǫĵ
Ԫһ񣬶Ƶ˾ӢԺȴδʦȴǵ˳ƺ

һ㶣̧ͷ˿Ԫˣ˲Ԫ˼ԼΪͽȴҪ𱰡
ԴˣҲƽϣȻԼǱʦƣⲻ֪ȺͶ˼ʺԹĿ⡣
죬֮пƷƣӿ֣ԪG
룬Ц׳־أ
һ־ĸҲƱȽϲһӣӱһӭѶϣηյľ־ʱ򣬴ܼ˵Ķ־˷ܷϡ
׳־أ
˶΢΢ףӣȷֺĸоֻһӣںڣ֪жôľ
ãã֮УΨԪҡͷ
һ㶣ɻĵʦ飿
ԪЦΪҿСΪʣ
ʦǵɣ
һȴЩ̫ˣ֪޵ľǺӾͽС޸֪ǻЦ󷽡
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ԶһҲЦͷŵȻʦ˵ãǱˡ
Ԫ¶Цݣ治ףɾȻеʥ֮Уն񣬿콫дĪҪˡ
ʦģˡƵ
ԪԣȴЩʧдףóûȴû뵽²Ըϵˣö඼д뷨ƵĻȴʧܼ֮֮һǵǴġ
̧ͷ˿죬ǰƲЩ谵˴ƬƣԪGشȥɣС׻붫ɽһ·̣ǿ໥ӡ֤һãǵ״̬ѡ
ǣ
ڵӦ׷ԪG˽˴գ½ϱüΪѿ𣬸оƴۡ
ð죬Ҳ֪½˵Щʲôֻ½˵ͷüͷչһ˴ա


54 ѡ٣
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۵Ĵղ󣬲ζУˣԼϵϺõֳСһӶһѵСţее໥ӡ֤ĵãʱͶһƱĿ⡣
ԪGҲ֪һЩʲôһԪGһ˰ʥ˵ǧôʮֵľʹʮֵúλᣬܰȫʥǽУźܴİʥĥǵʵĥǵǣʥкܶĹµıΣҲǴУֻŽᣬߵøԶȫԣƾһ˳ӣǿ飿
˶ҡҡͷû飡
ѡʦ㣡
ѡʦ֣
ʦ֣
ʦ㣡

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ѡ½ʦ֣䲻ðһ䡣
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˵Ŀⶼ½ϣ½ɫ˱䣬ǿһ˿Цݣѡʦã
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½ԼͶԼĻǵЦ뻹ƵѡԣһƱͶƱһƱʣ¾ƺûͶƱʤ
ѡʦ֣ơ
½붼û뵽ģȻԥѡơ
һٶðڵ˶оЩ⣬ǴҶóѡƵģûֻ½һĻ֮м˵Ĳ
Ѿˣȴû뵽ôͶ˭ãƫƫͶƣԼͶԼһƱҪƵͷˣ
˭ͷνϾȽʥ֮Ǹʲô˭˵׼½вˬǣѡƵٶѡƣûпһۣҲ˵УԼͲơ
ԼϲŮԼˣ£۷ĸ˵ϣܣֻǴʱԪGڳҲֻѹסԼУ
ƱƱھһûͶƱˣԼѡԼôƾȺ˵ͷˣͷеͷĺô֤ԼȺеĵλңڽʥ֮󣬴Ҷָӣ϶ֵٺô
˵ĿⶼƵϣ͵Ͷ˭
ҿʦҲѡˣ飬ʦ˰ɣƻûڣ
½üͷһʦã⻰ˣҳϣʦϵ裬ȷͬ죬ǣ˵乫ʦûгɾֹ磬ÿһλʦֵܣʵ˵ʦ֮ϣʣʦܹڣƾһô
½㻰һ䣬Ѿ˵ˣʱԵǻ
½ʦִԲӡֳ̲סˣ˵ѡӣʵҪĻƷţʦֵƷһܵ˴Ρ
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ƵĳԹǿ϶ﵽԼͷȥģԣǵջͶ½һƱתѡһƺ޳ܵԼѡԼҲǺƽ
ĻǸѡƵĵҲЩǻȷƿ˵ֻǸոʶƲûй˽⣬ѡҲֻǵĳݡ
ˣҶˣû뵽Ȼæֹס˵ۣЦ½ʦ˵ĲʵƷʦ㵱һˣ룬һӦûκ飬ԣҲѡʦ㡣

ԣһ㶣Ҫ˵Щʲôʦ㣬Ͳǫˣ쵼ңӦúܷġ
죬Ƽ֣ջǰѻ˻ȥ½϶¶һ˿ЦݣСֳȻûϵƻҲûйľᣬҪǸ½㿿׵öࡣ
Ȼڱ˵ӻ̵ٺôʵûʲôӣϾȥʥĿѰģʱƱҪ뿪飬ң½϶̣ܽԸѸʱѰϣҲԸ鷳ҽʥ֮Ǹʲô˭Ҳ˵壬뻹Ǹ˸ģǰһԼֻǿջ
ȻǶˣǵʱǣ˵ǰͷǶͬʦֵܣлɱʥĻ˶Թģ֪һϳͲԪG
ǣʦ
ӦһȥȴҲڿԼһﾹȻ˿ܻԼĿ⣬ܸо۾صɱ⣬ϸ룬Ҳ֪һ϶ıĻ϶ѡʥ֮жԼ֡


55 ͨ
ɽ
ԶĹɶ֮һƬɽɽߣһڵأں˯ɽɲ԰أľ죬Ⱥɽơ
ɽĹɽĻʵǻƵۣɽ̩񰲣˳һηǵĻ껵ǻ֮ʱаʮһ֮á
ɽĹ֮ɽз£ǽأػ֮⣬˲룬壬ʵڣλкܶ඼ѡ֮УһҲΪػʥ
ֻΪػʥͱĹжڣжǿ޴ӵ֪Կ϶ǣɾĳִڡ
磬ݼүү
һһŻƽ۵һ̫ӵɮǰ
ɮһ֮ϣǰһ˶ľһ飬ִһ飬Ƥ΢ü԰ףһ
ɣ
ɳƣͽ߼ֲɣɮ̧ƤһӣľƵһߡ
ǣ
ʮ꣬ͦΣݿʣĿüȥľ߼ϣһĻƽۣҲʾݵĸ߹
ǰ꣡
ɮ̾˿̧ۿǰ꣬һô
ػүүĻ߻ܰҲˣһүү밲
ɮ΢΢ף˴Щѡˣ
ַ¸ķɡһЩССɣưˣǰӦöܵȣúҲʥȥһɱ߻ͳŸˡ
ţ
ɮ˵ͷʥ֮ΣأǿҪСġ
лүүذʱʸ˶ʥĵͼӦûΣյġ
ɮҡͷǵͼֻĹƾֻ棬ʥ֮еõͼ벽ġ
ǣ깪
ɮ룬һȥ졣
һ㶣æүүԸ
ǽʥ֮Ҫȥһˣɮ
ԣ̽ĵʻүүҪҵģǾŻ壿
ɮ˵ͷ֮ǰŻҲǺһͣǡʥұȥȥ֮Ҳûгѹ꣬ţҲˣ
үү뿪ǵʱ屮ϾŻֻûʧӦûţнܾŻҪҵ
ɮ΢΢ף΢գϣֻǱס˰ɡ
ף֣ԭ
ʱſˣһʮ˾Ů˽Ӵǰһ幬ȹһ˫۾羵ǳǳľѣ绨ЦţһʱҽԴ
֣үүأʹɫɫʱһ
ŮԣƺŷԱߵɮæջЦݣһͷɮǰŮܰ£ݼүү


ȡ
ɽɽһ޴ɽȣ߶Ǹʵɽ壬ɽﺰһþòϢĻɴ˶
ɽһƽأʱѾ˲ˣղͬռһطЩĴʦһۣµǻھĵĵȴţһü֮䶼ż˷ܺڴ
һҶϼ֮Ƴֱɽȷ˼ˣԼͬĽĿ˹ȥȴ֪һɵˡ
ԪGۣǰ棬һ˽ɽȡ
ҵ˭ԭʦ
սɽȣ˻ûüһӰЦǰ̧ͷһһɫֵۣշһӣһЦѹ˹
ԭǺʦ겻ʦؽԽԽˣԪGЦŹ˹֣Ȼʶ
˹һЦϵķ⻩ʵЩ˷壬ôˣϼһﻹϲ˰
ԪGһЦĿԪϣȻһͣЩΣƬ̲ŵԣʦã㣬Ҳˣ
ʦԪ鵭һЦ
㣬Щûô
ӵ˶ûзŵĴ֣һӾ;нҲᣬһϵı鶼ЩŹò¶
ǡվԪԣĵԪ½ǣʵʦ˭
ԪкͨݷɽĵӣʱԪʦʶЩ񲣬ñȥ

һ㶣ǿݴɣ벻ԪGǻʶˣңƣͨòƺԪйʲô°
ֵͨüΪ飬ԪƺǶЩģڣ˿ͨԪ飬оЩ̿һﳤôʣҲѹԪһӴҪԪˡ
û뵽ǻܼ棡
ͨԪЦЦԪȴܿ˺ͨתƵˣǶ
˵ţԪܿͨеһƬյȥ
ȻкܺԪͺͨĹϵҲûһ˸ҶʣԪڹҵطϢ
ͨԵЩΣԭһֲŹһЦԪGԪȥ
ʦɵľӢôͨȺɨһۣĿ⣬òٵӲӣֱӵͷ
ȴǲ࣡ԪGҡͷǫ
У㿴һģһ˲ôͨǹһЦתԪG˵ҰŮҲˣ˵˵Щĸ㣿ǽ׼ң


56 ˣ
ԪGһŵʦŮˣ
֪⻹⣬ͨתԪ飬ԪûӦЩʧЦһǶʮûˣȻŮˣСŮ귽ţ˼ң¿ɺãҿʹЩɡ
˵ţһ˫ӾƵ˵ģѡһ㣬ֳãϾŮӣȴЩľս׷׺ˡ
˵ʦŮ᳤úһɣԪGͨ˺֣̲סʳʵ⡣
ͨһ£Щõĵ˵ʲôأСŮȻЩ΢֣ҲǸѹȺŮˣҽԼ

˵ҲԪGηӦֱͨתһƽŵɽоþûص˵Ŀⶼ˹Щ϶ЩãһǺͨ㶼û˵ʲô
ֵͦģƵвֵ˱һ˿룬һ˵ֺŮӣòٲҲȥ
˵ͨŮǸӣŮò游ĸȻͨǳÿ˵㣬ǱǸأ
ˣˣˣ
лʱ򣬵ͻȻһζ
ˣ
̧Ա߿ȥɫ䣬ֻһӵ椣Ͽһڴӣǵ߹ӴÿһѹõĻζ
죬ʲô
ǡ

˶ʹ˿ڿˮ椾춯ص˹۵һϵĴѹ˺ͨǰң
ĵҵĻ˻ΣһƬмƵ˷׷׺ˣһЦĿźͨһ˳ӡ
ȫһͣ۾ҪӣͨƺҲоЩһǴһţźӺǳһⶫŮӼҼҵģôô³
Ŷ
Щã˾죬һӣǴս˴ת˿ˣ˭
ʲôǣûòɵʦ壬ʦʦ壬ˡͨ
Ŷ
ӦһæԪG˼ǺöγĶԱȡ
ããԪGϵЦЩӲ椼ϣתͨʦǣװ
һɫ¿㣬ЩסǷµ壬ӲߴֻеȣȴǼӴŵģùȥֻԵЩûͨǰֵٶһţ⸸ŮվһȴǸһεѹȸУη
ͨԪGлȴûн⣬˰֮ʣϱǵ⡣

Ƶ˵ɫüĹŹ֣ʵ԰ôһֺǰϵһ𣬻˵ʲôѹȺ񣬵ȷѹȺˣ˵ŮǱɣŮǱδҲ̫ˣոŴӹһĻʵ̫ˣ˵ж̲ס˸ܵš
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ͨһЦָڵӣЩµʦ֣һ˲ţЩ÷ǿˣƣģ
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ԣʱ˺ͨͼȻǾˣʱϷ˺ΣһСŮĺŤ
֪ΪΣһĻ˶óθЩʣԪGǺ֪˰֣벻ôȥˣԸһ㶼ġ
ʲô
ͨ˺һۣһɸֵı飬תȺɨһۣĿ½ϡ
Сӣʲô֣ͨ½ʵľ磬ܿ½ȺеоߵģȻŮȻҪõġ
ͨ½һûһƨڵϣ֮ɴ⣬һȦӣǻ½һٽҵģ̿ıЦ
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ͨĿ½ɨ˼ۣͣĵͷ΢ЦССֹͣڵľ磬ѵûǱãţȷ⣿
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½󼱣æĺһȻͨˣһܵõִɵĴ࣬˵ҪЦˣﳤҲ̫ˣĻòǼֱһһ£ôܿϣ
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½ʹ˿ڿˮЩսľĵлǰ̧ףʱûȢ޵Ĵ㡭
˵ʲôͨԣɫЩÿ
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ҡ
ȫûϵ½һлˮϵıʱͽסˣֻڱڣһ̣Ψһľƿڴ

ͨһҲǺ;ȵƿȥƶס⸸Ů˵ѹȵúһ
ĿƵɨɨͨһ˿ʧתЩŭĶ½Сӣڳǰ˵Ϲɲ̫Ŷ
ͨɲΪһͯĺ
ɴ⣬ͨĿת˻½ʱֽǰ˵ľʵǰǲţʦǣ


57 ʥ
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ԪGûü˵һԱ㴫Ԫŭĺǳ⣬Ԫݺݵĵ½һۣ˹źͨǳֹͨûУ

Ԫɷģͨһϵķ˼£ԣʦã
鷳㲻ҪϢ㻹ǻӪȥɡԪȻ
Ŷ
ͨ㶣ԭãЩįĴź뿪˼ͷһۣҲ֪ڿ˭һоľ
Ĩ˰Ѷͷ亹ȴǰ½˸Ѫ͸νʩˣСδҲ̫ˣȻƲûпǸŮ˼òȡıԣҲ̫Щһƨѹȥ
Ϊոյ£½ⲻ˱˽ȡЦû뵽£ںǰ½㾹ȻĳԼǿȫͲ½ķ񣬹滹һｵһ
Ԫ½㼸䣬Ϊ˵̫ûзִ磬Ȼ׳¸˳ȥúͨûţĻ֪Ҫ
Ϣջ⣬޽һȺˣĽ˻⣬ܿ죬һȺ˽˹ȣڵأĿһССӰ
Ӳߣȴǰ棬ͦأһĿ˵İģǵɽֱ𽣵Ǹ٪塣
ЩӦڵˣ̯˵٪Ķӣиޡ٪ĿƵһζƺѾƸˡ
һ˵ĵûоٲϾںһֻСɣŴӰ
һɣʥʱ̵ٽнǸǰµӵ
ౣ
һоɽȣ̧ͷȥһϺУһֻɺףһһŮƮȻ
ݼŴʦ
Ϻиմɺױ̸ΰݣһڵӴ󶼲ʶУһ֮ɫͻ䣬׷׸Ųΰݣҵ
Ŵʦݿɲһ㣬Ĺһλʵۣλ֮Ǳޣڵľ磬λ˵ʮ硣
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λˣ
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ֱϺпȥһϣһⶼ˳羴ֳ羴ΪϺеݵλжʵ硣
ϺɨһȦһ룬֮ѵٹʱʥῪúúðλᡣ
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Ӧ
Ϻеʥдػʦ粻룬ضĪҪ֮ʥвҴĹرܷնȫƾȱ£˴δʮգʮպʱʥٴιرգøڴǰ򣬾ҲȲǡ
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Ӧһ˭һѵģ
ŵĻ֮󣬱ҲٶԣֱӴǶŮߵһƬ֮£ϥĿ
û˸ǰţʱôһһĹȥյ˵գʱȴһƬ⻬ɽںȻζ
ȥɽǷ˵һɽڲͣĶţһɫĹâɽ뿪ʼӣԽԽԽԽʲôҪƿǶ
Źӣɽֹͣ˲ʯγһƬɸߵĽɫĻһţɫĹתظУҲ֪Ǻһʲô硣
Ļʯϳ֣ÿһ˵϶¶˷ܵЦݡ
۾վƬĻ˿ʥѾȿԽˡ
ǶŮȶźŹ˹ֱɽȥûƬĻ
˼ˣһĦȭƣԾԾԣ׷ǹĻȥʥֻʮ죬һֻô̶̵ʮ죬Ҫץÿһ֣ÿһ롣

ԪG֡
˹ȥԪGȡһɫķɵǰµʥͼȻֻƾ仯һС֣˵Ӧã
ԣ̽ԪGеŲȡУҲûпֱӾս˴С
һСģԪ
ţĵ˵ͷ
ȥɣԪ
ʱɽѾˣǵкһˣ㵱ȴӣɽȥ
ǵıӰԪ˵ж˵ĺڴ

ĻˮһûײɽڣֱӾʹ˹ȥֻùһ۾ʱǰѾһ
ͰɽȣĴǵͰĹľïʢӲݣһС·ͨȿڣƮżƬƣ̫ʮˬƺһ硣
˶ĴܣͬһƬɽڣɽҲһƬĻǸոսĵطȵʮ⣬ɽѾûˣС·в̤ĺۼӦöѾԶˡ
һߵȿڣǰһƬï֣ܵԶдУɼ߻ͣȺɽԶһƬ粻ˡ
ʦãȰѵͼóҿ߰ɣ½
һƬδ֪磬ǱΣգ˶ЩóȻǰһСʲô⡣
ڻȣҶԪGͼǰµĵͼָٿԱܿٵΣ
ȡ˵ͼҶ˹ȥ


58 룡
ǵͼӦкܶͷˣʵطƣü򵥵һЩĵǼ򵥣ϰ죬ǿЩ
ƬӲһƬʪأвǾȥǶɣ۰ָ֮ŵͼϵһڵ˵
ֳŤͷ˿ǰï֣ܵЩĵĵʲôΣհɣ
ҡҡͷΣյĵطбǣֲӦûΣա
ҿһСһáƲ
ңѵɵǰżٵͼǲɣʦ㶼˵ûΣˣʲô죿ƻ䣬ĳ˼ɣǽʥ֮ѾûƷˡ
üͷһȴֱͼ֪Ǽٻǧǰˣôʱ䣬ܶණı䣬ǿɲܵġ
ţ
Ҳǣν׺ɣʱƣǧǰɵǰڽƬӺûΣգڽȥͲΣգϾǧʱ䣬Ըıܶණͼֻοѡ
ҶСһɣ
˵ţͼȡڻһʱһ£ⲻǡסô
ھĴ٣ôϣ룬ɽ˵Ҫȥöʱȥİɣ
༸Ҳ׷׽Եȡ˳СĽĽǰ֣һУҲƿ˫ֻ֣ͯ磬޷źӳսʶѾȡҲûãְš

ľ죬飬һ궼ĸߴ֦ҶïգʮֵǹľҶһ֪޺𣬶˶Ƭӳ˾衣
֮ǰѾ˽ˣȻ֪ɵ˶ʲô򣬵ܻܿǽƬӣǰ̽·ŽģΣϵҲ˲١
½ǰ棬ƺֳСм䣬һǰУһСĵĴܣ˼ţ飬ȴǲ֪᲻УȻô֣Ӧòһɣ
ǵҸʱ̽һ²У˵ֻᷢζԼѾ벻̫ԶĻӦܹЧ
ʦ֣˵᲻ޣСʵ
ʼ磬ң˭ȥʥ꣬ûУҲ϶С
ϣϰɣֳ


δΡ
˴ʮӣȻһ󼱴ٵĵǰƺڴ򶷣ҶС˲ޡ
ʲôˣͣ˽ŲϹ˽ţʵ
ߣȥкһСĵǰȥ
Ƭ̺ͣ˽Ų͸ľķ϶ɿǰ״һȺˣΧһǾӼаˮͰϸβ;ֱһܿ飬Χľ˴ƬǷ֦Ҷм
Ⱥ˽ΧסԷľȴֲҿֻ̫ǿŵһУ
ڵˣ
һ۾Ͱ˳Ϊп˸ޣССĸͷʵЩۡ
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޵ʵֹڵ߲࣬ڵ˵û̫Ѷȣʥ֮УѲ⣬ٺӴĺãԱĵĹսһƿǰս򣬼ͦ
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Ӳ˾ľȻû·ƻƽ̹С

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ƾȵʱֳƴһ漴ƱһԺ磬Ȼתͷϵıʱͽסˡ
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СһӶˣҲ̲סһɡ
޴ĸۣһĵҺ壬ģһֲβһ˿˩ӵĽϡ
˲䣬ֻëֱ֩˳˹ֻǰŸ߸̧𣬾޴͵ŵȵƿ
һҲ˲ˣסС˵ս߶׷¡̤µĲһ䣬ٵһԡ


59 ϻˮ
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ӱ֣ѸٱǺë֩ߣѾˤһߣʱԾȡ
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𾪺һгη壬Ҫ֪ǿǿֹڵĴڣ⼸УǿҲֹڶѡ
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Ҳ׷ΧսţΪһʵĸֵ֩к
һʱ䵽ҷɵĵĵÿ죬֦Ҷм裬ܼĵŮɢһֻ֩ıϡ

̶Ľ֮һƬƬ⣬˵ĹǶֻ֩ûʲôʵԵ˺
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׷
ۿԽԽԶԽԽǱϣ׷ȥƲͯ磬ȳ˴һЩѣͯ޷ս˵˵ˣƶޣ
ʦ֣㲻ҲȥСӰѣһץס½㡣
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Ҳòűֵô԰ɣ½һ˿𺣬˵Ҳ׷ȥ
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ǾˣҲо˺ܴѹٶʵ̫ˣʱ˿üζС

ܿ죬һƬ͵бסȥ·ưҪ⣬ȡһַȥ
ַֻţŸոսʥ᲻ãַˣֳֵܼܲǸԮ
ַ߽׵սľַ߶ʱʮḷ̌缲һȥ
ƵˣȴʧˣֻǿżӲı׺ֵ˫ȣ㽫еľ̵׵սڷǿ˵û̫˺


60 ֮
໣
ƵĹӵķŭһŭһԾֱ;ĩ·˹ȥǲ˺ƬǾˡ
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߶ַҪʱ䣬ûѡַ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ֱȡ٣ϻ
ÿһôĳأɲǣƲһɣۿҪ˵ƵˣȴͻȻͣ˽Ųֻ۾г˽䱸֮ɫ·Ƕűܵļɵ
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Χľɪɪʮ̨磬ľֱӱ𣬰һ߿㱼䣬һɳĳȴΣצĿȥ
䣡
Ǳסһԭأûж֮ײȥҵײֱӽƵõ
أأأ
ôҶϣصˤʮ⣬ڴڵ̵֭ҺȻ˲ˣƬ̺Щĳƿ˿ʱѾƲ̱תӣֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬱Ѿʧڴ֮䡣

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Ҳʮֺ棬ոһĻԶԶĶˣΪƱˣȴû뵽ƾȻʹôԵսͯʩչսһ˰Ե뾪ˣλʦ֣ʵ̫ˣټƺһвܵ£Ƶ϶ܱΪܡ
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˶Ŀ⿴Զȥ½ˣʣ½һٶ˳˶һ˲ġ
̾˿õһĻᣬȻ˸ˣԼҲҸ뿪Ѱȥ

˸ովյľжƬָһ˿η壬ֻʣ߸ˣʵ˸ӵСġ
ҺԾıܿϵ˿ǰ̽ƻ˵˼˿ҵģ˿жȴЩʧֻܼϣǰ·ʥ֮УֻҪǸʵȥȡһҲϣӦòѰɣ
һ·СϵֻЩͨҰޣûޣһ˶˿һ㶼Լصģֻĵ̲С
Ӳܴ󣬴һʱľϡ٣µԽеʪҲ࣬ǰһƬʪأʪ«έһǳǳС˵ǰ


61 ޣ
ǵ˵һĿĵأϲأСȥ
ʪز󣬲ҲһȾһĽӡС߿һСݽ
ǿǡСָźģЩ˷ܵĶ˵
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Ǳˮ֥ϲ
ˮ֥н׵ҩҩģϲˮĵطۺѹںĹЧѵõݡ
ԶԶһﾹȻ֧֮࣬˲ЩСС˷ܣѵһҩġ
ӴǣȻǰˣ׼ˮȥժݵʱһ̫г
ŤͷȥһС˴˳Ϊ׵һŻİӣڵĵӣֱƵ
ʦ֣㿴Ǳˮ֥һӣָСĵ
ǰһҲ˾ϲֱӶǵӵ㣬ȥɹ
ǣ
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Сģֱ
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˶һֱʦǿԦģֹǿʹãԺоġ
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ͷţָ̧ǣ̱ʩչŲȥವһӻܸеһˡ
˶ֱ֪׷Զܣ𽣶˸Ȧӣص˸޵ϡ
һЦ֮ǰǵʹ˸ɫǰϰѾǸ޵Ķˣǵӻ⣬ߵߣҽڰʹһ壬źԾȥ
˼һĻȻһҧгݣҲû˸óȻȥҪ˸޵İ㣬ɾ͵òʧˣֱݲС꣬ݶѣΪ˶ʵǲֵȻʣҲֻܷ
Ǽˮ֥ĵط밶ֻʮףǵֹĸ֣ʮ׵ľҲֻһԾѡ
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ˮѪˮܿںӿ
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һ㶣ǹһɫ״Ƥһֻ;޴㡣
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Ҳ֪˭һ˷׷׺ˣԶߣڣǰһĻˡ
ǸӸûüȣܿƽţֻһ˿˿ѪҺںˮɢ
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ʱ˵Ʒϳ˵Χػڿ治٣ˮֻ㣬ܴﵽ޵ĲˣңСĺˮǣҲ֪м㡣
쵰
عЩŭˣֱߵߣȥ
أأأ
ը˷СҴܣըһƬƬˮˣͻǵĺˮøӵĻǣȻôԼ棬Լµ˸Ūһеŭ
ʶȤߵһߣñˣ𽣷ɻظ޵ϣŵѵĺ棬޵ŭԼɫԵЩףʹֱ˵Щ
ĺˮںϣ浴ѣȴոֻӰҲ֪ûбնɱ
ߣ
һֱźԾȥһΣֻ㲻֪ǳԱ˻Ǳɱˣû
޲֥򰶱Ծ
𣡡
һըոֻſѪҧȥзһӣֶΪһ⣬ֻС
㷢һʹİʱ£ϴܵȻֹһŶӵȥںһƬ˻
ಣ
Դĸص˸޵ϣ˿̵ĸޣѾȵվ˰ߣתпȥܿһѩ׵ĶӣֻѾĲˡ
ʦ֣
Ȼһоɱһֻޣʦ֣С

Ǽ̱ӵ˹оǹά֮ʣƺѾѸոԵĵˡ
ƨƺѾϰˣֱӶӷԸȥ޵ʬŪ

ӶʱɵסˣȻޱɱˣ˭֪ˮﻹûޣ
ȥʿĶӣѲʦܵʬȡˡһɣľϣ޵ʬǸöһƤս£ٺòˡ
ǣ
ڸ޵ϣֻðսС
ߣ
תˣһϾ֮ɫ


62 һż
˵ɫЩȴҲûȥֱۣתȥȻЩʣҲû취ҧһڣҲҧȥԷ˶࣬һֱսֲôŸոսʥǰкܶطûüȥ̽ѰΪ˼ʧսȷֵ

ƬʪغܿһСĵ̽Щͽ׵⣬Ҳûзˡ
ΪҲʪ̽ʪжһҲ½˸δͻ뿪ʪأʥ̽Ѱ
ջģǰ·ֲѾûôïʢƽأһЩķ棬ȻǱǰ̽ˡ
ɫһɽͷϣƣˣͣǰеĽŲ׼ڴϢһҹɽͷľǺïʢۿʲôΣգ׷֡
Щ˶ҵطϢƶһ˱һɽ±ߣڿ
˵ϲ֣Լ⸽ûĴڣһԾ֪
ʮָ֮ϻһöžŵҹ֮ԶԶƮɢ
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ֻ䣬ȴɲʲô㴫ԶԶɽﴫ֪޺
˴ƽϸߣ֮ʱֶ˺߶쳣ԷԲʮӦûʲô⣬Ҳ˵⸽ӦûˣƲ̾˿ԵЩʧʥ֮˿Ҹӣȫͺʹһ㣬ʵѡ
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ȡͼ˿ͼϲûжǴطʲôأϵͼðɣǹȥҶҪСģ
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Ӧһ̶˳ɽǳɽ꼲۶ȥ

䣬䣡
Ȼҹ䣬ʥ֮вֲָĹ˺ܿϵɽϣпȥһȺһŮΧһɽԱߣŸʽɽڷ͹
ɽϿɼһߵɽڱһʯŶסһƬ͸ĹĻʯڱţӦһ󷨣˵Ĺֻ󷨲ͣĻζƺûжɶ˺
һɵģƶЩɲϤָԶʵ
СӦַˣ
ַΪλھĺͬһǧ߰ʷַַкַܴյӣҪѧѵģңѧĶҲ廨ţʽУǵϵѧУַֻڳڵĸʵѷһ
ַܽеģЩӵܣĻ޷еӴĿЩϻţ֤СĲ²⡣
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Ϊֹ˵ӣʵţÿһҪʹ
˶ԾԾԣǽʥֵĵһżڵķ󷨶õģӦûû˽ȥҲ֪ʲôűżף鵤ҩǿֱ
˵жڴ
˰֣˵㽣԰꣬ˡ
ѹȿڴȥֻһ˿ٵĴܽɽ֮С
ǣ
üͷһȺ˲ˣڵˡ
ڼһ֮ɫҲЩÿЩһˣޱΪɵϵֱ𽣣ԣҰ˽ɽĳ嶯

ڵ˽ȣַЩӵĹȻֹͣڿ˼ƣӭȺ֮͡
ż
Ǹڱεɽһڵĵϲľһǰĸ޵һ˫۾УҲ¶һ˿ȵĹâԼδҲ̫˰ɣ
ȷֵģλȥɣַһվ˳Ÿ޵˵
ǣ仰ΪЩ˸еѵ֪ʥ˯ȭͷ󣬶˭ôЦһʶľ͸Ͻ뿪طˡ


63 ͻ䣡
ӣ̫˰ɣһʹŵĵվ˳һߵĶŸ޺ǳ
ʲô
޵ɫһӾͱˣбŽ޵ɱ⣬ڶڵĵӶòһÿһ˶֪߿ǸоԲԴĽɣʦ֣ΪߵȱݶЩ̬û˸ȡЦĻǼصġ
ôˣ٪ʲôϣҪ㣬ɱˣСӣ˲һ㣬ȻôţϽؼȥɣŵߣֱӶŸƿڴ
Ȼǵ˵ܲڣ˶ȴޱȵĽڣֻԶԶˣǱ¶һ˿ǳǳЦ⣬Ȼ޵ĲмӦõõͬ飬ӦȥЦǣʵ̫ˣŵȴǽ˵Ļȫ˵˳ַǼӣǺЦֹ
б˵һ飡
޵ȭͷţ÷ڣһĺǿˣӵÿһ֣һʹǴ
˵һ飿һ˵ʮ飬ʶĸϽ뿪ȷֵģûǵķݣҪٸǰһԴСŵӸŸޣЦ

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Ǵ̴ʲôǵӵЦȻֹϵЦҲͣˣе۵һ˵ϣͷ˿Լؿڣﲻ֪ʱѾƿһ󶴣ѪҪǮһӿ
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ַ˶ɵסˣȫûϵ٪ͻȻɱˣһ˵ĸɾ䣬һɱֱǵӵף˶ûܴ֮лع
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ӾһǰǵһؿѪʮֵĿֲϴĲʺͿ־壬Ȼûˡ
һڣȻɱʦܣӿޣҧгݣ̺ķŭ
ⶼҵģĪǣҲԣһ̧һСתű˵ĺâ
ͫһǱɱ׺ģƵõۼȻʶõĸжǾֱ
ֱܺϸ޵ˣȷе˵𽣲ֱֻһαֱȻȲֱôǿǣһֹУǿˣңαֱԺģҲûֱôӴ
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ʶ˺˼⼸Ҳ׷Լһ䱸ĿŸޡ
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ۿɵ˶ȺɽƵȻԥûбҪȥմ֣Ǿô뿪ȡ˱͵Ϯǡ
͵ϮĻһֲǺлɹģң˶ûʲôøУرǸޣҵᣬһҪһѵ

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˼״׷׳ʩչսȺȥ



64 ȥ
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ǰ·Ӷڵվĵطʬ壬Ѫģһֻʣɭɭ׹ǣ治ŮҲֲһɵˣȥЩë
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в²ţϸȴ־ò̫ܣʥĹǴģĿֻΪĹеıأӦòħ޵żŶԡ


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71 ռѷ죡
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72 ЯͬУ
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74 Ľܣ
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ϸһ󣬹ȻûҵĴڣƺһûоʹ˰ݣŸͷŽܿƶǡ


76 Բԣ
Ƭ̣ƴܶͳһŵǰһϴ΢Цܵаȭͷ󣬾ԵĴ֮
ֽܵƿܿȽ֮ԼЩԼǲ׳
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77 ٣
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ĿƵĿƣ۾Ըգһ£֮ǰƣѾ׵˾⣬٣ִڴ˵еĶһؽִ½ʷŨīزʵһʣ߸ԵӰ죬֣ܽ
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Ƶֿһŵ٣Ȼ˲ٹ£ƺûд˵ǰǿ󣡡
ϵıʱһ
Ƶı飬ЦˣҲýţ˵ЩɶʥЩƳʥǿߣҲµ׼ʥڣֹɹѾǲˣԺӦûչ¶ףܳɳΪʥҲǲܡ
ϵıʲôã
˵ػ߲ħа֣ʹ׵ʩչ߽ףģҪңҲҲֻˣ֮
ʩչ߽ףһۺˣǿʹ߽ףǰ˽׵ףǣЩ׶Լ׳ģй°˳ףƿԿ϶ͯľ磬Ľױʹ۷塣
ȫû뵽ȻĳȱȻֻǸΣùιô¶Լ˵Ȼ̸֮ǾԱ׶ˣеӲټɵĳǿպιһܽɹʥ
٣ȻһͷϵĻĵ϶ִ½ҵһЩǾҲģȻƾֹǳƣֻҪԼϷʱ䣬ҲûпƳ
١١ӹġ
Ʒ·𿴵һѵĹԼǰƮƮȥԼھ磬ʱһֶӣһѵĹ֣˭Ƕ֣뵽̲ס
ιʲôߴƴ޵˼дʵ
عƸоЩ̫̫ԶˣȲ˵ЩѶȲСԼǰһⶼûûҵʲôûá
תԥһ£һ¡
ʲô
ĿƣڵǶƳȤʦ綼ϵȴ֮Ȼִ½˿̵ƣֻض֡
Ƶ֮£ܲܰұܣҪ𣿡
Ϊʲô
Щɻ˼䣬ǿǶôҫһ£֮Ƭ½ܵõĹͣ붼벻ģƾȻŲ˵
ΪʲôҲñ֪ϣұܣĿź
Ŵɵĵӣôеĵأνƥ˼´˳ȥ϶ᣬʱ򣬽ƾɵܱסô
˶٣ƺЩҲĶƵ˵ͷİɣҲ߱˵ġ
л
ƵųЦݣͺĽӴŮȻ⣬ĵȴǷǳõģûʲôĻʱ棬źĳŵ
עصϣԽԽϲе˷ܺϲƣ̲סʮָϥӼҳһ൱ӡ


79 ջ
ҵСѽСƻô㶼Ӷ࡭
ڵϣ롮һһȱΪʶϿڣʮֻ죬УƫƧ壬ֻҪ˵ĵطӣνʢһʱ
ݳ߶Լϲ˻ϲνȴΪ
ǵ⣬ˣȴ̲סһЦ˳⳪Ķʲôʲôô
ʣһڶȴʮֻ죬ĸо
ѹûֻԹԵĵţһе·𶼱ɨһˣǳĳ죬һͣˡ
һԣ˫ԴŽһŤһŤģ˼ȫհף·Ƭһûһ㲻ĸƺ
ףʲôô㣿
ȻһŨζʵʱӣ
ﬣ
ưסңȻֹȻҲŵ㣬ʹᣬȷ쳣й𻨵഼򻨵ܰӻĵţһ˿õĻȣ˻ζ

ƺͺһۣ˶ɴ۾ͬʱһ
֮ǰôûζ벻һСƻȻջ
ϲ֣һ־ͻɢ㣬ʱͻȻŵ㣬˺Ȼͺϵ
͵վû˵ֱӴܳɽѭζɽȥҲǽಽ

ƣ㣬СĻΣգ
ѷɽּ䣬ѭſв㣬ɽ֮Ѱţһ·ճĶȥƵ󣬲ʱơ
޷ƴ˿̵ģ˵ޱҪģܲȫÿζǲɢģҪȥңֻС֣ʲôΣգѾȫȻ˲ˡ
֣ͣ˽Ųʹڿᣬôʱ䣬ζ˺ܶ࣬޷ʶˡ
ô죬طޣһô죿׷ЩǼѾĺ顣
šüͷζûˣ

ᣬȻѾûζˣӦþ⸽ողǵôٵһԣ
Ƶ˵ͷϥ˸ոյġСƻվһ߾䡣
ŻĸΧҶݣ·ڸӵĽ΢΢ĶϤܿ촫ûм꣬ȵζԽԽŨ֮ͣӡ
ɵŸߣ
վȴվԼ߷֪ʲôƸϽӣʵ
Ŷ
عŵ㣬һ£Żææĸֱߵһɽȥ

ԽԽˣ
ɽ䴩ԽһԤУԴ֮ԼԽԽˣɽ·ߣƲںȫʩչ׷¡һһƬƵɽǰͣס˽Ų

һϪӹȿɽȥΧľïʢҲ䣬ȿڸһ㱡͸һأƸҿ϶ζǴǰɽƮģ˷֮£̧ȱȿȥ
ι
ǰȥϽ
һ㶡
˰ɣɽ㿴طľǰܣôȥΣô죿
һͣ룬ȡⶾʦų͵ĽⶾҩһһҲʲôˡ
ҲУǰѵʦŵĳû˵֮ػʲôҲôðʧǵͷôһʲôǿޣǿɱˡ
Ļ΢侲Щȷѹ֣ĵطضǿ޳û֪ΣգҲȥǹغһĴ£òһעӹӹµµ
˵ô죿ҪȽȥƶź
ңʲôЦݹȥһۡ
Ǿͱ𵲵ţԸȥƶһ仰ֱƹȿڶȥ
ι㡭
Ķ˶ţڵϲȳһӣ֮£Ҳæƽ˹ȥ


İӵˮǰģһܴɽȣǶ£ߵԻһЩʮֵĳʪԼԼƮꡣ
ǰĶʮֵĶͣһٲʮ׸ߵĶ֮ϴڣƻֺ꣬ԶԶȥһߡ
еƽٲ֮һˮ̶̶ˮϵγһϪӹ⡣
Ҷ࣬·߲ľϡо㲻ϼעģϼïʢС
±бһб£㲻϶ͣھŶʮ׵ĵطСϸǵǲǵȴս˿ʮֵľˡ
Сÿһ궼߸֦߿ȵСĹӣΧ߶Сÿ仨Χ׺ƬҶӣ峿£ɫ㻪·һȻĹƷȥĿǷ
߹Ҷ߻
ζǴСɢģӣҲԼ˵һ޶߹Ҷ߻ˡ


80 ɽȣߣ
Ȼ꣬ǹâ貵ĹӣƴΣʶȥժһ룬ֶס˽Ų
ȻƺܼеҪõǣûԣΧ˵׼ػȡӵʱһ˰㣬ǿɲ
ϸĹ۲ΧҲڵ鿴ţг⣬ЩݲݰҶ˵һţϸϸŲһȦҲûʲô޵ټ
Ʒû޷֣ػʳȥˣϾΪҲҲʲôʳ
ۼʧ̳бȥ׼ȥժӣҲûֹֻǰƾܣԷʲôͻ
ߣôĵӣҵĹҲ
׼ɽ£ߺȻһըȣһɫӰٲ˳
һƮǰϴ·ƿ϶һҰˣͷɢԿ˵ĿֻܿҵͷͺתƲ࣬ͣӦЩˡ
ʶ˺һϱž;ȣҲ˹š
Ĺӣ
ɻһ˵ΧܿǿػĪǰޣܻεޣǸжôǿ
뵽˴ϸĴˣһϴķ׵Ļɫۣͷ붼ϳϳĿߵ䣬һ֧㶣ȻѿǻۣȴֱԪ츳ʿ޷߱
޲ͬǣ츳ֻףҪʩչͬҲҪ֮ͨأܹʩչޣһǿĴڣҲǻκޣǣһΣʩչսˣôҸ
ǿޣЩ壬ǿ߶ߣȻѹȣǰ֮˶ѹȸУǣԻﲻ޷ܵĵز
ǰֻ״񣬸ôԶɹƶûսǰˣȴûдָоƶûиоʲôΣա
ǰðֻɼӶѡ
ΪƸ߳٣ԿñҲûôʣ˲ʲôޣʵʵޣʵ൱Ҳ߲٣ûдﵽʦĲΡ
СѾͷôҵģûǵķݣϽ뿪󡣡˿˺һۣʮֲˬ
һתƣҧҧҪмãǰи㡣
УϽ뿪Ҷˡ˳
üͷһ˵֣ûд֣ƾʲô˵ģ
ǣͷЦڴ˴һ꣬ǲҵģǵĲɣ
һꣿ
һꣿûЦɣ˽һ㶣ֲ˵ٻϸһ룬ѾεޣʲôãĻһ꣬ƺ뵽ʲô
ǿĵˣ֣ȻԵߵ֮Ҳһȫռ˰ɣ
ǰһòֻ꣬ȡһĹӣȡġ
˶벻ޣ϶ôĺۣƵĵҲЩòҵѾˣҲʹ˷
õͦһ꣬ƾһ仰ҾҪһӸ㣬ɵôͷ
ɫһ
üͷһ壬ôβֻҪһӣֲȫҪôģһôҪСһŹӶò
ôǿ˲ɣͷó
۵
ߵĻ䣬ֱӽȡ˳ҪԸ⣬ǿдд裬㾳Ҳû߳Ҷ٣ԶһʤӦòС
ԣдʯһ㣬߹ȻֻǸޣʵδʦ磬ĻкԼӦֿɵá
ԣ˫ԲתƣߣС椣Сֹ綼ôţ
ǲţԾֻ֪赲סƬ̣㹻ЩӶժˣ
õЩŭвң
ǰᣬֻѣôӣһҲò꣬αضռأֻȡһ꣬ժƸϽԲóвЧˡ
ɫԻü˼һ£̧ͷϵĹ˿Ӵ㣬ΪǵԵʣ
ɶæ˵ͷϲ֣һӣҵġ
ƵĻֳĬĿƶ˵ϷţҲ֪˼ʲô
˺һŶƵӣҿԸһ꣬ǵö

ƶ˽һ㶣öʲôֵġ
֪ǰҪʲô
ЩʵܺȼֵģֻоˣǿǧѷĹˣڵҲ˲ܻĻ˵ֵ
߻ûڣƺʲôƵ½ǣϻˣʵߣסȥȡ˹Ӿǡ
ҡҡͷȻҪɷΪΪ֮ͷ˰꣬ԼҪǶˣǺǿʲôֱ𣿷ǵ򲻵ѣƻ²ߡ


81 ʮꣿ
СȴҲ˸ţ̱С椣ЩˣЩӣھȥҲûá
˶һɻĿߡ
һЦųһΣЩδ죬ǾȥҲûã

һ̧ͣͷһſŹâ貵ȥǰЩʲôʱܳ죿
ߵǰҵʱǲŸոս
ǡİꣿ
򵥵ƻǻģҪܳ죬ǰſʼҲ˵Ҫİ꣬Ӳܳ죬һЩԽܣ꣬Ҳĸ£ǿİ꣬Լôȥ
ߵĻ׻һӾ㶵վԭء
Ҳɵۣһŵƣ㿴㣬˵ͷƭأң⼸Уǻȥطңʥôط϶еġ
ͷȴȻЦʥ֮д˰꣬طͷˡ
ͷһ۵˹ȥͷʵɶܴȻ侮ʯ
ͷԺ޶ãȻһЦ֪׶ңΪҿһǡ
ѹĿͷϣʮįĵ㲻˵ҪİųôҵȲİ꣬㽻ʲô壿
˭˵ҪİˣԣȴЦˡ
һɻ
ƲƲ죬Ҿ˵ˣͷһƭǣȻûղŲ׿˵ôʳԣ
ԣδһʶֻǵֻ˵ӽܳ죬Ӱ꣬ʱ˵Ҫİꣿ

ƺͺһۣоЩĪȥһ꣬ɲİôͷװ軹ɵô򵥵᣿
߿±ϵгڴҲ֪ϲ֣ȴǲֶ֪˵жôҪ
ǰԡƵ
תָָɽȣǿɽطʲô֮ͬ
ɽľٲϡûطïת˿ҵĲͬҲЩˡ
ߵ˵ͷ֪Ϊʲôֲôô
ʲôһ˵겻ôЩͷͷгЩʲô
ߵҪɳҪպ֣գǽӶԵģôƬɽȵմеҲ⣬еֲȻԳƣ㻹ԿЩľٹ꣬ɾʹݲˡ
㶣ǰƺûʲôɣ
ôûϵȻһЦҵͷ£Ҫ죬ȷҪʱ䣬㣬ʱҪӵĳڣҲûа취ϲֶ֣˵õϣֻιܽ죡
ι˵ιͿĳڣ
һо죬Уرడϲ֣㹻½ˣȻҪι췽ҹ̷
û΢΢ףһӿɽ̵ƣҲ֪˶ιŽ쵽ڵģ
ôһ˵ЩȻѹҪԼԭ
Ҫòܳ죿ʵ
ֱӵٻʮɣ
ʮꣿ
ƺͺһ֣ͬʱһ˵ʮ꣬ʮǶȲ˰ʱ䣬ǽѾˣʣҲʮһѡ
ɣ
ߵ˵ͷƶ֣תٲȥ
ƺͺһҲٲ

ٲƴӾ׹䣬ȥʮֵ׳ۣߴƶ˾ֱٲˮĻ뵽һɽ
лٲĹ߷ɽյͨͬڶɽȴһģʯϹ˴̵һʯһʯ
Ǹսʥģʯǰ£߶ʵ
Ƶ˵ͷƣλҵѺѿֱĿ죬ǰҪ֣
ҡҡͷһɵģ
ݲɽɵģģ˶٣ƻ̹档
ССɾ㱨ɽҲһ֪ǴɣֻҪһ֣˿϶֪ˡ
ƺЩ⣬ͬء
ǰ׾Թ϶˲Ϣ벻ô͹һˡ̾˿д޾Ĳɣ
Ƶǰû´Ӧǰǰʥʱʥİɣ
ߵ˵ͷǰһ꣬Ϊغһꡣ
ת˿˾𾪣Ϊ˼Σķʥ֮غ꣬һʲôִš
ûϹˣĴ˻ϻӣƶ˽˹ǲȱֻһһƷԹ֮޳Чżؼ䣬Ψ̺ԭʼǵܹңһǰǡʥҳûѰһԵòɽҵȴ룬Ÿոսûа취ֻ
벻ǰҲƿЦһ£һͬĸоȻǰ㻹ЩһǣȻǲƷҲɾͣȴޣֹ綼޷ͻơ



82 ķ

ԣЩ죬ĿƵϣ࣬˰ȻбԼĸǡ
ǰմ֪ԷͬϵʱЩƶͷʵ
ңûб֣ƺЩȴˣ߶Ƭ̣ŵմҵ榣ģ
榣
һ£ʵǰ榣֪ĸ榣
Ůԣߵ
Ů榣һտҴĹգ
ǰǻ֮ˣҲЩȣ˰ǰʥƾǲĸǣܻýʥȻӦòһŶԡ
ǶǵҡҡͷʱĬһ˫ǵӣ֪Щʲô
óǲȥҲû׷ʣ⣬ǰո˵ιôһ£ʥ֮ŻʮһҪٴιرˣûʱˡ
֮ǰƱд㣬ҲԾʥ֮мѰңЩƼʶʥеΣգһֱ꣬
ǰͷǸܺõӣĲһٶʮˣֹԪܴﵽһʮ꣬ͷȴǰдʱ仨ĵȴ֮Уۿ꣬ȴȻڵȴƿɲһ
Ļعתƣʮ죿ҿ㻹Ǳˣٻʮܳ죬ʮĳڣ̵ʮ죬޿ܣ

ԣⲻ˾ȣļҲѣڶ࣬óҲ಻ңɸѡҲǼΪķʱġ
̾˿ȥι˰ʱ䣬ýʮ꣬򣬾Բô̵ʱڽӴ죬Ҫɣͬò˶þܴ
ƣĵĿЩУʣԪˣĹ꣬ڼȫԼιǣֹڵľ磬ѣƶ˵ĵϣƶ˵İԪľ֮ǰ졣
ˡðǰԪӦѾʣ޼죬˳ıǣʥѹƣͬ޷ͻʦӳôܵȵ֮ʥٶȿأƻûش𣬺еʡ
ҲһɻʥһرգٿɾҪȰˣͷ͵ȲǸʱ򣬳ڳʥȥʥ֮ͻʦ磬Ԫ꣬Ȱ֮ٽժӡ
ͷȻǲ뿪ģϾӾô꣬һ죬϶ޣȰٽӿûˣԣƶ˿Ѿûκε塣
ԣȴ˰֣ǿڸ̫Ԫľǰ޷ͻʦǣֻҪ죬а취ʥͻơ
ôܣʥʦϵ޶Ž̬ѹƣ㲻Ҫˣһѡͻʦضʥѹƶȱʾ˲š
ںɣֻҡͷ
ȴ˼֣ͷͷС˵ʲôֶΣȻʥʦ֮ϵѹƣ޾ԣʥ֮Уʦ磬֮ǿ޿ǲٵġ
ǰָ㣬ιʵ
ܸʥر֮ǰȥãϲĻȻܲԸҲֻѡˡ
üͷĿƵϣ֪˵ζʲôǣʮ죬ҪȴĿһ갡һӣмһꣿ
Ȱƣǣ֪οڡ
ӣǴˣƵʻųһ˿ϲ⣬ƽ͵֮ƣΪǣ˵ֱõϣͬƷ׵ӣ˵ЧҲͬһඥյϣɵ£һɵ꣡
أЩȲʵ
ҡҡͷʵãҵľ磬óô
Ĳֹڵľ磬ѣǾŽ֮ϵˣô˵϶ûгԹ
һӣֻһ飬ڶ飬Чͻ˵һٱ飬ҲֻܹϣңƷ׸ߵͣһֻһӣιĳɳٶҲʣʮĳڣҲ̵ʮꡣĵ
һ㶣һι˵һԶꣿ
ûĵ˵ͷõóôôóҲҪʮ죬ʱӵˣʥ֮Ҳˡ
ĵĻɸһˮһӴͷ˽ģʮƾżɸѡЩڶʮɣ˵ǸʱȻ˳ɣԼҲֻٵһ߳ʥˡ
һ갡룬ü尾οķΣձ鲼ĵط
Ƶı飬Цˣ˵ǴﵽŽ׵߽׵ܴ꣬˽Ҳ൱һѣʮʳ˵ϲܵõܺõЧսûôϲˡ
ǰɣʳƼֱˣһѣòô飿


83 ׶
ǵȻĵͷһЦԽǸ߽׵ӣ̺ԽŨĳɳԽһ޷мȡӪģЩõܻ෴ãˡ
˵ʥر֮ǰȥΨһİ취ֻιˣ
ƸоԼһԴڵľ磬˽Ѿ˼ޣ֮ǰʱѾǿˣôӣӦдﵽģǣףҲûǸ
ȷûƭǣʵ
εҡҡͷƭʲô壿㣬룬ݵӦѾﵽĲˣȥԣι˵ǲʵ

˶һ£ƸЩЦãСƻֻԶȻ㲻ãҲֻһѣȻᱻĵ
㵹ʵ룬ŵȣȥԣԼϻмģʱȶţ취

±ԣ¡
ķ࣬ڵأȡ˫ϥ֮ϡ
ң
Ŀھ֮ϣͫһĿ¶ɫЩţǱ飬ȺһۿʱҪȣԭֻʧˣǴ½ֻڴ˵еĶûܹ֤ʵĴڹ
ʲôôСֵģ
ĵݹȥһۣľûĺøУ֪Ʋϲٵ֪ʶЩĶ졣
Ұһ죬ʵģѾҿʼʱеĺ棬׼֮
Ļ٣
ʮָ֮ϻ֮ļˣΪԾƾȻĻʹ٣һʹ˵ֻЩʧȴ
ҵѽô㶼Ӷ࡭
һɤӺĲûѪʲôӣ̫˰ɣ
ǣȵĻںͷ±ϵ㣬ɫתϢʮ貣Ҷ֦ƸĽĲͺڰһ㡣
ΧٵۣһſŹųɫĹΣǿʼɳҪСϺܶķ׶Ҳʼɳ
Ӷ˳һĻȫ߸ĵ֪һﵽЧȻֱ˼顣
ɵɵվԭأĿⶢ±ǹâԴһƬհף·˼붼ͣˡ
Ϣ̧֮ͣͷ±ڣ̶Ƭ̵ĹϹŵĹѾԳЩле㡣
ĹûƭԼϲӣҺϲûԼСƻĳյЧǲ̶֪೤ʱĳڣ
תȥĺͺ±ϵĹ˶ͬһľľģһЦڶǰ˻Ρ
ʹ˦˦Դ˼հ׵ĸоЩصĿƣʲôͷ
һ㶣Цģֻһѣ벻ôϲ˴
²ô򵥣ҡҡͷתȥúһѹ֡
ôˣЩ档
ĵӣע⣬׸ݽȥ˼հף룬׽ѣ綨һ

ԣЩȣתһʼãǾĵѣʱҲعƲסĵͷľ֮ǰӵʱѾֹˣ֮ǰҲֻԸ˶ѡ
ӣ»ǶѣǶܽס˵˼룬ҺС椵ľߣĻǲֹôˡĵ
ôô
֮ǰһҲͰˣл͵˵Ƿ豹棬СƻҲɡ
⡮ϴܸϴ˲ɣЩ̫š
ȴǲͣĵͷ̫ˣ㵯ŵţҶĸųҿԺٵɡ
ȱЩҡҡͷЩϸڵĶ׵Ժ󣬶ĵǰ㿴ܰӴ쵽ʲô̶ȣ
ԣҲ˾棬̧ͷȥϵĹʺһתţʮֵҫۣȻƵӡ
Ӧܼ˰ɣף׶ȻҲɳˣĿڹϣĵ˾ȡ
ʱӣҲ׶һӣȻʼˣϡ档
߹ңԭǷ׶;
ƺ뵽ʲô΢΢ͣдžȣǱǷʲô´½һ
ǰôˣʵ
Сһľʵ̫ˣĺ£ͣתƣСӣǴ˵е٣
ٶˣҲûĵ˵ͷײ˿Ϊ˴ĿҲǲѶΪ֮
Ƶͷˣһͷѹ֣ѹ֣ԭ׶;
ǰ˵ʲôɻʵ
ЩԭǣЦǧǶΪֻǣżмķ׶˵֮ʳ֮к棬ȴ֪׶֮ЦȻǣ׶ôûأ


ڰʮ 
ӹֻɣ䶨ңȴδ¹ǵĴ˵ѵԣҲоȣĿⲻĿơ
Ƶ˵ͷЦȻ֮٣ʲôֵأ
ĺͺƺ߸Եۣð죬ĲźĶƵ֪ʣµʲô
ٹ̣
Ҳִ½Ҳ۲ǵĴڣ֪֪жôѡ
ĳĬˣţ֪Щʲô

ɽ
ѯƹ֮飬óĺкͺ棬ƱЩ߽߱ǽǵĸҲԱţÿÿЩۣ˼
ȻֻһЩƤëǣȴǵ߸ִ½ɵ֪һһ䶼ܷʡ
Ĳסҡͷ̾Ϣۼ׶ɳҲֻƵĻ޻̸֮ڿǰ˿϶ͬһ㡣
ֻǸСɵĵôЩɣδʲôѾ޷ȥˡ
ǰԡ
ģҲģİ˰֣ƵĻƺ֪˵ʲô
аϧѾ̤֮ƣܸѳɾֹѳɣתҪǣ÷ϵΪͷѸߣѾǾˡ

̾˿˷֮ȴԵЩį
ɽһգϵ໥ӡ֤ҹĻ٣˵ҰĶŶ˵ȥɣҪϢˡ

һ㶣ʲôˣ
ϻŹǰأڼȻˣͻˣ˼Ѿܾû˯ȾˡĴ˸Ƿֱתʯȥ
ԣƶźϢɣȥأ
δ𻰣ĴӴƨµʯԶԶĿƣζĵСӣɾһŴС椶йŮģģ
ģʲôĵģƺ˺ͷȻЦˡ
ƻһ䣬ĺͺ϶˺ߣЩõĶƵʲô˼ҳô
æҡͷ϶Լ˼
ʲô˼
ͬһģԼȻˣǱôСвˬġ
ƸЦһ벻ĵһ仰ȻԼⲻˣϽĵǰᣬ˵ŵùǰƷ
ԣʱһۣƵҿһǺһȥҹɡ
Ҳûԣź˵ͷһɽ

±¡
ưιӣӦûû꣬һſŹҹĻ֮ɫĹΣȥۼ
ͷ˫Щ롣
ȻһЦҸطϢɣžǣ
ջĿ⣬ҡҡͷãҺһذɣͷҲǣһ֮Լȥ˯ҹ
һˣһҹʲôЦЦʯƬɾĵط
ƵԣƼۣ׼
ԣĬһ£ջǵ˵ͷҺҪûֵϲиߵĳɾͣ
ͷû˵
ת˿ҿҲˣȥʦֵܰɣҪȻʱ˳ȥʱҲˡ
룬ҡͷʱ磬ȼ˵ɣ˵ҵ취Ӵء
̸ףҡͷ̾Ϣ

ʱɽȻһʵҹ֮дݣԵʮֵ
ˣ
ڵһվĿȿڣһٴеӡ
Ƽ״ȴһЦˡ
⡣
Ƶһֻѣôš
񣿡һ㶣˵ޣ
ҡҡͷޣֻֻͨûô
ôһ˵Ƿ˽䱸ŹȿĽҡҡͷǲ⣬δʲôĽġ
ȸϼңһĹأЦЦ·˻䡣
һʱȤһգʲô£
ȷҪƿ
ƶĵ˵ͷ
ȿȣ˻ϻӡ
ǰиСӽʮճͷΪϣ·ϿһεڵصĹţӢӢʮߡ
ӢӢĸĸȥ磬ǸˣΪ˲ǮӲҪӢӢ޸կĲ
ӢӢﲻ͵͵ˣ޹ʣûֶ̲ε·ˣҶֲ

˳£ӢӢϲΪʵ˳ףСӹú
ǺþӢӢһռֵĲϣֲӢӢò绨һӢӢռΪУʩ˶ƽݺ
ӢӢȥԩǲɣѺȥ˱߽һ涼ûмӢӢңﲻϺͶԾˡ
ӢӢ󣬱һֻȸ

ûûҹĺɷ֣ӴļȥϷ֦ͷЪϢļҵ＾Ҳ˻ֻͣЪڶ̤Ѱ·
һһ꣬ܶʼĺѰѶʸ־ӢӢûʧһҾͲ֪ǧ껹ˡ


84 
Ϊֱ
£Ƴ̾˿СʱģÿֵʱȸĽÿȸĽƶ£ÿÿᱻж
ֻϧȥ˳ͺȸУ벻طΥУдͬʱƸ׷˶ʱʱ⣬ڵĸĸ֪ڿɺã
ء
ƻʱ򣬶ȴһӵ׺ͷȥԼֱۿ
ôˣƵ
ҿ޻׺
ƺ˺Ҿ˵Ҫҽˣ
˭֪㽲ֹ°
㣬ҪҲҿްϵ·ʪˣ֪Ͳˣ

Ĵ˹УһӰ䵽ƶ˵ǰӵϼһʯӣָһֱڰ֮ȥžһȻֹ
Ź̸˵ҪǱˣҿôޣתͷƶˣƵֱۿΪŮ鳤ʱ
ɱļֲ
ƻû𻰣ȴվһ˫۶ŭĿӡ
ʲô
źڵӣĪֲʲôֲ
Ҫɱĺ
ɱ˭ĸǴ㵡
ӢӢӢӢôôһͬĶûУôĵɱ
ԣͷ󺹣̫ˣڻԼĹأ¿ײǹˡ
ʲôӢӢĴ˴ӣƣСвɣ
ЦЦᵽǰԲ˵ոմֻ񡣡
񣿡
ĺӶ˶һҪ͵˹ӣô
㡭
ԣæĵǰȥϢɣǻúŹġ
ҿˣ
һҡͷһ뿪ڵˣǸ㲻һֻ񣬿޳һ궼ֻ֪ˡ
ͷ󺹣Ͻסºȥĸɼܡ
ͷ̫ɶˣǸֲɶ񣡡뿪ĵոջһǰȴֱӽͷ
εЦЦһ¶ѣαص棡
죬ȴҲƱ粵Ȼֻ֪һ£ǣӢӢʸ־УȴôǿŮ顣
Щ𣬵˸ȡůúԼһ˿һǻ
޹ôʵ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷΪոյʧ̬ҲоһЩ첻˼æ⣬аʮһڴô
ҡͷܳء
˵ˣҪʱ佫Ӵ죬ļҲѣңҪӴǿɲ֪ҪѶã˳Ҳû
ϵһֳɵӡչֳӦٴﵽĲˣƪӣ۷ʱҲֻʮιҲ˵սҲθڡ
һһŻ⣬ϸĴţ֪ⶫ᲻ã
Ĵ˹ڿʲô
ӦװɣֻһĶף˵ţȻ뵽ʲô̧ͷ޵Ƕôף
һĶף
һ£нӹǰ˿һġ֡
ֻһ֣ôأšüͷΪĵӣĶ׿˵ˣǶҲֻһһôӣ
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ҡҡͷֻ˵ҾװɣǣףȴǴδ
Щʧ֪ĶײûУ˵׹ΪھĴ󽫾к߹޵ľס
һ㶣λǰҵ˵ȴûмӶҪ֪ſͨ͸ֻһ֣˵׵ĻӦǹˣǹԵļƷǣӦòûиоŶԡ
ôԣʧ䡣
ҲϹ˵ҹªأҿɽͷӦЩʶ˵ܿʲô
۾һֿһϣͷһٶ꣬ӦҲǰ׻İɣôιӦò˵֪ЩʲôףܴﵽĲΣǱϣˣһӣѶٸߣҲڵɣ
ҹҲóɸѡʲôޣڻԣʼҹ

ǰ㿴ף
ڶգƽŵĵǰ
ƣ̧ͷƣĶģ
ƵżȻģϾв֮ͬȴǲβ͸ǰǿʶɰƷһ¡
׺ټĶ׸ϡ٣ʶˣһЦ
ԣ۾һ֡
еӣǹͨһֻ꣬һƲѡ
Ǹδְ


85 
ĿǹԵĸǣ
˵ͷ
ֱӽȥѺעУǸ򣡡

һ㶣ֽӹһŽɣע֮С
һע룬һĻˣ֮ϣǸĹ֣Ȼ
ˣ
һֱֶƯڰУתţųһɫĹâ׹һëľԳ֮ϣȫϢͶӰһ㡣
ǾԳ˫վͣĴԼؿڣⷭĿʮţڿ𣬲Ƶȴ֪ںʲô·ڿһĵӰ
ڣȥ֪ɣֻǸ֪ڽʲôĵɫź
֮ΨкǹļƷǣûǣȻһ㣬ȴļǣ˽ӣΨкܹ
ʱ㾰ΪȣֳȻǲˣ̱˫ۣʶջ̨߶ָΨһ񣬻ǡ
̨ų⣬˫ۣǹâȥȥ
ҲĿٴνӴʱ򣬺ͻȻסˣ·Ǽʲô˼£һƽˣͷԳҲʧǱ˫ۣ˵ϡ
ָԭ״Ʈ䵽ƵУҲ𾪣ףδ
ﵽֹ磬ɾ͹ǣϰףĶƵ
ȫ벻һССȻ˵棬Ƶ˵ͷĿϿֿƬ֮֮ĽûϰԺûϰֻ죬ıǣǣһⶼӭжˡ
˵ĿⶼںϣûȥǾĵѹΨһܽɻģֻкˡ

ãõϢ˫ۣż־ϲ
ôʲôʲôȽ׵ģȲʵĴзʽӵĵȼҲͣ˵Ҳһ
ҡҡͷһսƷף
Ʒףһ㶡
ⲢӣʩչΪԽߣӵԽ󡣡

˵ˣЩ㵣ܰô
˵ͷ
ߣȥƵ
ҡͷǲУ̫Űսǵðˡ

һͣתĿ˿ȥԣ
Ҳʶʶ׵˱һɽɽ⡣
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У
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椵ķλ˾ȣ͸߰أΪĿ̫࣬ȿŵͦΣģ֮ơ
ƶ˼״Ұһ죬
𡭡
ÿ³һ֣һһڣǰһš
һֳڣǻ弤춯صۿɼһɫķ籩Ӻֱǰȥ
֮죬ƺĶ׼ƸһϽס˫á
͵ķ籩֮£ںǰһж籩ʯͷǲľ֮仯Ϊ촷ۡ
籩ݿһ㣬ֱǰȥɢڿ֮УʮǿҵĻ
һЩһŲЩ鸡ȻսҪĵĺʮ־ġ
ڰ
ȻѾɢƵĶ仹죬ȻʱʧϵĸоһĻ˹ϵľδˣߵǰû°ɣ
ҡҡͷɫԵЩ԰ףס𡷶Ժ̫ˣ
𣿡
ŴӺĽ£һֱ쵽±ߵ֣Ƶϳ˼ӵǱѰͺոչֳѾȡʮչֳˡ
ס𡷻ʩߵ÷ʲôססԭףѵã͸ոһĻֹ˿ɵ
Ǽ˸©ϲޱȣȻڻ޷ϰ𡷣ֻҪһɣһˮɡ
⡶̫Űҿ޸վһԵ
˵ͷҲӦòס
Ƶݹ廹壬ֻҪòˡ
˵˶ûȥִš𡷵ƣϲ͸м˵һԵˣѧһžס
ԴˣƲûйĽ⣬ûкԼҲ죬ҲǻһԼҲ޷ӵȫòңҲԼûʲôʧ
ǿɱȥιҪǰһˣҿĲǡȻڶ˵ȴھ
ֲɵӣõƲƲ졣
ĵ˶ûдǶƵʲôιô
ǰģҾˣƵһֽ˹ȣ


86 ѡ
һչȥۿʱѾȥһ룬ʣҲ죬ԽԽˣ
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⻹ֻǽľˮι꣬׶޷ϣԣûô֮ҪС࣬Ҫȷ׶죬ٻİꡣ
ֻҪнľˮƸıǣǾѾллˣڷ׶ȻʮõҲйֵ
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վƵԱߣ⼸ÿһͯȻ߽ϵĿѾǳľˣϾȻôĸ߽ףʵЩƵССɣĵ
һӣʦɽˮףܴﵽ߽ĲΣǣҲ꣡ҡҡͷһֻһӣʱԽԽȣɲ˷Ѱ޵ʱ˷һ߽׵ϡ
Ͱ꣬㻹ʲô쵯
ԣȴǴߴҪ֪ľ磬һжôѵãƾȻһӣֱҪ衣
ȴҡҡͷԺ˼Ÿõʲôӣ⼸죬ΪޣԺʱԹӣջ񲢲ǿһףҲﵽĲΣιĻ̫ˡ
СӣԥʲôƵļ
ѽһĶĵ
ԣĹĵĵ˺һۣҪ𱸼䣬ȴһŮҲһʶ˴ӣƲһߡ
ƳԼǺ嫵ļ֮Уһ׾Ŀʶл˵ûдŵ
Ŀкܶ࣬䲢ζֵǮƲóȻĵһֻʳһӣһСһǿɾ̫˷ˡ
಻Ҫһ׾ŽɣʲôܴﵽŽĲأǲҵģӾ˶ܲˣοһˣҪԼС
аţһӺ͡Աȣﵽ˽ĲΣԼѡӣҪУ
ȺܱȡǿģƵҲҵףжǿҴҡú衷ڵʱġɽӸ۲׺ȵȣȵȡ
Ӻܶ࣬ƵԴˣҲóȻѡǸоױ׺ãֱ׺ãڵһ׸ãԼ˵ˡ
ȺӦûһܱȵ˰ɣһĿƵԺ׼ȷĴӼĿꡣ
СЦǵλ̳޽ƵļУûκһܱȵӺɡ
ϱһɣԣǣ˫ָոշϣͣüͷšһɡ
ΪģֻѶ̫󣬿˵Ѷȴףڵϣһټףһһתӣ̳֮֮̽Ҹ޷Уƶ̶ȣڵȻ㲻̳޽Ҳǿ֮Ʋ֪ܴﵽʲôΣӦòֹڵľ磬ô
ЦǷӣҲ֪᲻˺Ʋðա
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ŤŤģĵƢԵЩ꣬Ҫʼˣȴգָо˴һȭһʮֲˬ
ٳСð㣡һƵĵģͬҲ֪꣬Ҫͷһٳ֣ܲˬ
úӷøС椣ҳû㣬Ϲʲô壡
㣡ԣҲֵ˲
ˣǶˣݵʱƳ˶˵Ļ
˻һۣƿȥ
뵽һӣӦĲΣߣһҺãҪһ֮
üȴˡЦ뵽һӣЦΪͬǻҲ辶ڵʢһʱƿԿ϶ӵƷ׾ԲͣӳʱƿǶʮġ
һһϲƸҰٷְٵĿ϶ΨһĵģԼ㣬ӺܻܿᳬԽʱҪİĻǻṦһ
ʼɣ
ĵ˵ͷȲֻһʡȥ֮ԪѲʮ꣬˵ƸеҪĻֻ޾ĵȴ֮к
ȻƽӴֻм죬ƸĸоһһѾһ˹ͯÿһ¶ôĲ˼顣
ƵĻҲʮֺ˵ʲôԽĿô
һ˿ϣһһƵ
Ʊ˫һ£Ժйһ飬˫ĸ֮ϡ


ڰʮ 

ʡִ䡷
ңһɽǣ·еһж鸽ƽš
˰߸ɳѽūѽ߸Д߸ۡ
Ϊڡִ䡷ӣڵϿʢһʱƻרΪӶоģԸʼʱ
Ҫ׺ͷţҪƺ̳£ƺֻһӣз·Ϊһ壬һд׷ѰɰȻȻŵһд磬һȻԹͨ
ֵ嵭ԭֵ̬ҰԺŵֵ翵ţִֵĽ޼ںϣγɾ޴𺳣ඥ飬ʹأϸϸζУﵽϵá
ǵӵĵĸһʱ㾲ڸ֮УѾˣоԼ̥һ㣬Ҫָоʵ̫ˡ
ȻǶ֪ڳʲôǣܸоƷÿһôȻ覣·ĸ質ϵÿһϸÿһëף˵á
ǿԵĺ߳ȴ·Ϊһ壬أģ覵ĽֱȻɡ
һߵƸоԼȫˣһΪһ壬ĸоɽһһܸоɽеһһľ
вľѸɿݣȴܸоǶȱʧֻ˯
˺һ
һӣȻƽ˺һ磬һ̣šƵΪһ壬Ժ۵ĽǶȸ硣
ǰɣ
Ժз·һʹȥЩ˯Ļľеİִ䣬Ϊ󳪣صɽȵϿա
ſɢһƮȥޱߵɽӿĻ۶˯ܾõĿݲݻľһһѣʼ̰տе
úأΧһж˲︴գۿɼٶ̰ĳɳ±֦ҶƵ裬֦ųŨ㣬ɽ
һУ˺һƶĿһ̣Ϊ˹еĻݣеľеˮ±Ϊһ壬Ŷľжȳޣ̰ź嫵һɢڿеܾȫĳɳ
Ȼӻûһ룬ƱоˣɽѹѹԼϣ˺һ֮Уûиоսǣܸоһ뽫Լ˺һ
ľãʱʮѾŽףﵽĲˡ
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͸һĳеһУôĻϡ
̣͸࣬ӷѿݲԭߵɽȣӣľѸһѾһƬݵأҰ㣬ŻСϪʡ
ڭŶտţ۶િհզķզߴѽ۹
ɫ԰ף֪ر͸˼ΣҲ֪˼ҩڻͣЪƵ˫ֻ֮Ĳţɽ֮оþûصòɢ
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һƿʣɽ׹ĳѾϰΪˣεĹ½⣬ҪŨ˺ܶ࣬ʻɱȡ
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׹ʶ̨֮ϵָ񹬶ȥƴ߶񣬾ܵǶ˵嫵Ĺ¡
ͬʱӿƵ壬ͨڶϴƵʶΪעУѺĸɵĺأƬ̱ٶȳңصݻҲٶչ˼֡
ͯ磬δɣƵɲô£δ˷ѣֱֱӽϣ
Ķ۾ΧһУ׹УһкֻһξոջһƬߣھȻų˹
ĿƵϣѾȵ˵ЩϾ׼Ǳ׵ˣһͯȻֱ췽ҹ̷췽ҹ̷ȥ˭ţ
˼ٵģӶȻǵľ磬ֻԹߣ޷½⽵٣ΪǶṩ˺ܴİҲһݣȻֻһС֣һСȴʵĸܵˣ˾Ĺ֮¡

Ƴĺһ˫ۣ·һ˿ҹеǻһš
ʣ˹Σ˴֮󣬾ֹࡣ
ʮֵңӣһ֮Ǿ޷ģȴǶ˺Ķ˵İ



87 ǳɣ
ɽдеӣƵҲβסȣ֮Ա̺Ϣֱ̫֮ˡ
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̧ͷȥƲϲùʮһŹӣɫޱȵĹ⻪Ʈ磬Ŷޱȵ泩
ֻǽľˮ׶Ҳˣƴ⣬Ҫ֪׶ٻҪİܳģȻһȫˣų֮Ȼ˵Ŀֲ
һ꣬ȴһ죬ĴĿͲԼ۾ΪԼΡ
ŸʲôժӰ
һηѣͬʱһݣ±ڣÿһѾȫժ
߿ŹӣÿһŶӴСְסࡢڡ졢ơ̡ɫЩ̣˱ǵһʳָ󶯡
ۣҵȵһˣ
еĹӣĵڲԵʮֵļһ꣬Ϊûϣܵȵӳˣȫ벻ƣһӣ֮
ûܹĴ˿̵飬뼰ļػ±ʳĵǿޣ뵽Щ̲סһЩݺᡣ
ҲֵļıԼǣıԼ˵Ķ˿̾Լģܲ
ǰӸôãĵƽЩƲŸϽʵͷ꣬϶˽Ҳһ֪ӸʹòܷӳЧ
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ĻعƵʻɫʱһ󣬹ӻųеζޣصɽٲˮζᰲȫܶࡣ

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Ŀ˿׶Źӣֻ֮ǣԴӼʶƵ֮֮ŹȻҲ;ֻǿϧ޵̨֮ѳɣǷȥΪޣĻֻ֮ȥˣȻ֪׶;ŹѾá
΢΢ףҲ֪׶һٹһ̣һһ±֪ˡ
˶٣ĵ̺ؼǿƥǣǿɽЩͽߵĸãǺǻƾ
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΢΢ףİ֮ˣܹıǾͲˣʲô֮ԽԽ׵ǿǣһǣǷͬ죬ǲѣһɣϸһΪˣϻͱ˵ˣϽùӰɣ
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һɣӴƵʶΪעأеĺԼٶȾţγһУѹۣɫĺ԰ס
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źĲӣƵʶ֮һε̨Ȼǣԭһ׼ȻƬ֮䳤һɴС
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תƳ̥ǰ¾֮Уþò԰ΣҲ֪˶ąָ̃ƽںرߣػǷתϢĺء

³һڽȹ̣ƻ˫ۣ۵ıǺӰҲѾü۴ЦһԿ
ˣһϲ
˶ãһ⣬Ҳĵ⣬ЩԼʱ϶ˡ
ãգһĺ棬ôǲͻֹˣ
ȻѾоϵƱ仯ǺǾ׿˵ҪʵһЩ
Ƶ˵ͷһɣʥֹûѹƣȻͻˣֻգӦûʥŲŻٴιرգʱ仹㣬ûʱ
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ƣָָԱϵһ̣ȥ԰ɣ
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ĺͺҲΧ˹һ֤漣ʱ̡
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̵ָͬһʱ̣˲ʱһɫĳɫâ

ӶųɫĹâոǺ̳ȻƵķּƵԭ޵ĸǣãתΪĸǡ
ûһţƲûκεʧȴʮֵ˷ܣ˵ܹǾѾ컯ˣĲûһЩ֮УҲܹ֮ˡ
޷ٹǵĵȼԿ϶ǣ÷׶֮ٹǺѾɣҲСڵƿ˵ǾȫߵĲνʱˣĶ˵ǸһƬ
ϹŨŨľϲǷĵ׵ΪƸеˣȻȴƺЩ̫⣬źҡҡͷŵȻһʸǶûУϧ
ϧϧУϧ֮˵ȻһЦĵǰǶƷ˰ɣ
ĸոõĸǿ϶ҪƺãҲڵ仰Ц㲻ϼƷֻŶ
Ȼǫ飬ʵȴ԰ˣһУܳһѾǼΪټˣȻţһǣǾ͸ǿˡ
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ƲƲ죬ЩǸ̬
ǿҪϲǰˣ
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İ˰֣һõӣԭֻĲƷǣΪŶҲȰ꣬Ŀ˵ĳ졣
ĸ˸룬ӻʣһףǶڵĸǲ⣬Էãٴøǡ
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Ȼԣĵ˵ͷ޸ǣ˵һΣֻҪйӣһٴζУֻѾժˣõĻƷǵĸѾ󽵵ˡ
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ȻƿѡٴνãףҪƷǣʺܵͣһ䵽ƷǿɾͲˣ˷׶ӶֻһţƼȲ룬Ҳȥðա
ΪǿջЦʵҲþᣬĿǣȻĸǲ㼫ƷǣǵİѾԲڼƷˡ
Ŷǰк洦ԣʵ
Цǣ۶ɣѰ֮ˣûдԵǺǵģѰޣͻֹ֮ûʶģֻдﵽھ磬ǳɳ̨һ壬Żᵮʶɾͷʹҵ֮ˣ֮Ѿʶˣ룬һ㣬ӦѾᵽ˰ɣ
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89 ǵã
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ЦѶȲСǰģϲҵǿԽתף
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Ƶ˵ͷ˵ֻСһ׮ױԭҪ˲٣ңҲ롶ִ䡷ܷӳǿ

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Ȼ֮֮ϣبŵ顢೤ԶԽʱգ죬ֱģзǰľ
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ã⾳ЩζĿУԶƿһĴͨǺһ

ȴǳ̾һһٶ꣬ĵز˵Ѿֿú͸ǣ֮
ģ޽ʯ̡ظͣʥĪܶɣ
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ΣĲʰ飬תƣֻأϣΨߵʥȫѴ˵´Ҳ޷аһգ֮ܽͨ͸ʱ²ôˡ
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ƹ̣̺֮ܽȻģȻȴĪǰҪе֮ȫǲܵģֻľ֮󣬷֪ΪȻӣǡֻھ˱ɽһǶѡ
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ķ˸ۣŶ֣ߣǧ𾪶ǣ
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һżʱ˾񣬺ȻֵããģĶ߰
ĻŸ䣬ΧİȻԽԽ̶Զ˿ȥǰһƬĻƿ֪ʱѾӡ
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һֱɽȥ߲ûΪ˵ԽԽֻЩɭɭģ˸оʣĵ̹ȻͬƺͺСĵܣʲôΣա
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𡢻ʡѾˣħɡħųʣ˶ƿ˿Ժѡɣ
ҡҡͷЩò⣬ɣ
Ƶǰ˵ôÿ·϶һԵѭıɣؾ
ѭģһ䣬̧ͷǼʯţұ֮ʿֻΪɳ񣬼ұɵɣ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ҵˣ
԰գȺʯţƿɵţƿ˵š

ǰģһͨܶʯڣʯŵ⣬Ҳ֪ͨ˺δ
ͷһոսʱ˵Ѿʧֻһڹ¡ˣ׵ͨǹĪ硣
ǰ˵·лԵȴ֪ʲôԵɻСɽ̽Ѱ
ˣ
߲ʱԼԼһƵ֮һ£ŹģһݺݺĸΪǻþͣ˽Ų
ȥǸŮӵ·ڶૣפ㣬ȻоЩëһ·ֻܽһôѵԼˣܹˣ
ȴǲܣԼ˵һߣԼڲ˹֡
ڴŮϷŮһΪɭټΧĻУƵĪĿ־塣
ۣӻԾñҶС٣ƽΡԹ飬硣뼾뼴ɥ֮֮¡ӳ˵ִ֣֮ϡ⣬һ⡣⣬⡣
еľţϸһȻСҲǸݣʳӦʫѡΡ
ʲôڳ
ƶ˶ǰͨ˿ס񣬴һޱȺģȥ
ǰ·ԽԽһ߳ƵǰǸǴӶдŵ˹ȥڶ߿һ̽
߲󣬿ȥһʯңаƽһ̶ˮ֮ϵ飬һε̶֭˵죬ˮϵƬƬ
ʱƵĿȴ̶ˮԵһӰ
һСŮȥʮ꣬һѩ׵Ĺ䳤ȹһ߸ţһ衣
ȻٵĳǰԺƮȻɣ䲻󣬵ȴǸӡ
˭ҵĺӣôˣ
ڶվһֻС貽ǸʮֵĿһɰСһɭĵطʵ˾ù졣
˭
Ȼֹƻعһѯ̧ͷȥ̶ߵСѾˣͷȴǾһСﲻ֪ʱȻ࣬ף̧ͷ
סˣûСôߵģŮĸо
ҽƣģǣ˶æСشȻСﻹƵؿڸߣǣܴϸеһصϢһɵѹ

СԴ˿ƣûлشƵĻʵô
Ƶ˵ͷСãôһ
ҽɣ
С·ûƵĻֱתӯӯ鲽ɽһƣҲ˽ȥ
Сã㻹ûʲôأɽƵ
ҽ֣yueʲôСãҪĻҾ㵱Ѷ㹻ˣСݸһۡ
ƺ˺СҲ̫ûòˡ
С·Ѿǧû߹ˣ˵˵ΪʲôҪѡ˵ô
̬飬ȴһ̬ǻȴûЦ˵˲ò࣬СȻ˭˵׼ʲôأ
ԣ˷أط죬취Ȼ֮鳤֮ʯұ壬ѡ˵Ӧûʲô԰ɣƵ
СŹֵĿƣΪβѡɵأǷ˲ɳɷô
ɷ˶ڣħ˶ɳɷΣʥվͷһپһաҡҡͷңһһɣҲòѡ˵
ŶСĿơ
ΪһһЦ·ѡˣֻˣ

СһͣΪ֮鴤һ£ǰЩˣ˺һ䣬飬ȴһһ¡
ԸЦһ󣬵һλǰ˵·һԵһ·ߵˣȴʲôҲûϣ֣֪Եںδ
СĬһЦôʵϵķϣҿԸ㡣
Ը꣡һ˾
СԴأ޹ʣҲܾôװ׵ĸɡ
ԣĵһЦҪʲôأ
С°ͣװ˼һϲһλᣬӸҪûģҸжĻҾ͸ԵĶ


93 أ
һͣνж
СҿޣЦҳԣҲҪֻҪܴҵģǱǸжô
һ㶡
˵϶ΪڹΪ㣬㲻ֹ磬ҲѣСҡҡͷҲʳ㿴Űɣ
ǣ⻹治Ϊң
ƸЦһ£ᵹ׾٣СȥԼͽ׵ӣͽ׵ӺѴģ˵˸жˣС˵ΪԼʵȴǸԼһ⡣
СŮֵ˵ǰͷ£û٣ģֻĻĶȥˣ
룿ô
ƹŹֵĿСŮ֮£ִ½֣֮࣬СŮȻ˵ûûӣ⻰¾Ǹ߸ϵʥˣҲ˵Ļɣ
ô㲻ôСŮüëһ˫ֱأ̧ۿơ
ҡҡͷȻǲţ˵СŮȥֻʮ꣬ʲôǧͯյϹҲͨȫµӣִ½ÿ쵮ӣ˵ҲƣӴһȫͨģ
ƺϵƻ᲻ţСŮǷһ˿ȣСǰһ죬һ֧ģǲţɵһֻҪִ½еӣ˵ʮа˾ţɻǻģ
ǣ
Цˣǳţ»ôȻ˺ڣ˵ɣܾѧɣҲˡ
Ҫǵˣ಻ô죿Ƶ
㲻ô֪أСŮһ䣬ȴûƵļ
һȤ룬ɵġɽˮɻ᣿
СŮԣȻһЦֱӽյߣĿĴ
ͳתʱݺ䣬ʱɽХʱƽƽţٺȴǵسһƮɢɽ֮Уȴǲ˾ȣɵĸɽˮ
ô
ֻһڣСŮͣЩĿơ
ôӣΪԾӿɵĲ֮أСλʹģѵСŮйϵ
СŮȻһЦ˵ûҲġ
СŮǵģһ飬Ǵɰɣɴô꣬Ҳų⣬С
룬ЩаѶȴģ֪һӽСô
ǰŸӣ˺ĵ֮⣬Ա֤ûеĸ˻ӣӿӵģҲִ½ӣȻСŮ˵ִ½඼ᣬƾԸһܵ⡣
ôСŮͷ
һ˿ȣҪǻĻǿ˹ˡ
ѶĴҲǸѧ಻ȻΪСŮʱСŮȴ̧ͷƽһЦ
ʲôûзӦ
СŮٴνһۣ񴽣ʼ˴ࡣ
δδδεεΡ
һϤдʱɵסˣϵı˹һϤ˵ɣǡʲô
һԭףȻСﴵûЩ̫˳Կ϶Լǰ
˹ˣ
Ƕ˵ɣȴЩɫ࣬ˣĪĸɽĪĽ˵ĪСŮؼСŮ̫ˣȻԼᴵ࣬׹оϵһжôĪ
ѵҲǵģ
ƵԺðһֵͷȴֲ̫ܣԼһǴӵģԽΪʲôᡶôɵĸɽˮأ
ôմ˰ڣۼǸԾģСŮͣҫĿơ
죬ûлعôӣ
̯ﻯΪޣСŮһ䣬һ˵㲻ҸָԵôǾжҰɣ
ƶԭأԺǧͷӿѣлڲ²СŮݣȻԼᣬôţոǷҲǴ󻰡
ͨʮ֮⻹ôƲٰһСŮ˿̣ǰɰС޵ء
ι㵽ǲаҿɸ㣬˵֮У˵ѰһԵûҵָǳȥ·ҲСŮɵ㶵վԭأʱЩͷˡ
ƻعԼںδʱѾˣһ˳ʥʱɲ
ʱеĺɻĿСŮϣģںԼЦ
˼СŮԼһжӣӶ˵˵׾٣ġǣҪֻ˺ܴѶȡ
Ҫ֪߶ԣرʵߣƾһȥҡĵģǼֱǳ˵Ρ
֪ħר˵ĵģƲᣬЩͬҲǸ߽׵ĿҪҪһסСŮѱû
һΣҲóȻһԣ˼ĿȻ˵ֻҪִ½еӣЩûִ½ӣӦþû˰ɣ


94 ԭ羰
ĵӣף䣿üȪӳ£
ЩȻ㹻ģֱ飬£ǻĹŴȽ׿϶ͣҲ˵ҲЩӡ
ȥƻǾִȡһӴԺ
ȥǧһأ񻰣ʫǧᣬŲѩ
״ĵģ붼裬鳤飬ȴ飬Ů֮Ϊ˸̣ӹ񣬱лŮ裬Ƕ಻ʤҲӡ
ǣÿһӣһ£û£ȥӣһǺеģǴһ˵ġ
轲ĶΪŮ֮С￴ȥʮӣһаģöô
ĿСŮϣҡҡͷӴｫȡ˳һǰĴ
صĵصɽ֮УСŮһԣ˫š
·ɽչһۼĻ˻صȥѰЩѵĹȥ
ԭҰ磡
ⲻǻĵӣԹ⣬һյ÷ﴵһζ
κһ˶޷黳ÿһ˶йȥƲұ֤ܴСģӣ϶㲻ˣֻҪйȥл䣬ǾһᱻӪŨŨ
飬˳ģӣɽˮ̳µʱ⣬ʱɽ·ϵݺЦʱʱ̾ӵ˼УԾܾȴ
Ʊ˫ۣĴ࣬Լĵ֮УδСģǰԼˣԼϤļ磬ڵ򣬲֪Ƿ񰲺õĸĸһᣬ۽ǻ䡣
ֻһСڣȻֹƲ˲۽ǵᣬ̾ϢȻ֣ͬҲɱȣڵٴһС룬ѵȴҲΪ̡
˼֮ȻϽˮһʰŷСǰ
ôˣ
ºþãСŮŻعһɻĿƣ۽磬Ȼóһ׺ȻɣһֻףΪʲôȻͣˡ
海һһƽϢһ̧ͷСŮ
ѽˣСŮۼ⣬ȻƼΣǱ۽ǵۡ
ƳһҲûΣĿСŮϣôɸжˣ
㶼û꣡СŮҡҡͷ
ǰɣⶼûܸж㣿㻹ǲ˰ЩˣԼӸжᣬСŮȴ޶ԣѵûйȥûл䣬ûйô
СŮԴأҺ񿴵Ĺȥ

ͫһЩţܴҵпҵĹȥ
һɣûӴ꣬ҲССŮʼ磬ƲˣƤŶ˵˲Ҫġ
ж㣬־͸ˣ˵֣ⳤôѵûм磬ûл䣬ûиĸƵ
СŮҡͷ
ƵĶͷһ˿ߣĵĵô
ԴСŮһͷҶģ
ͷҪ㶪
һ㶣аʲôͷôȻһСﶪɽ
СŮ룬ȴԵˣ
ͷأʵ
Ҷﲻ֮ˣСŮҡҡͷҲ֪ˣǰǰҲ֪ˣһǲ֪˭Եˣ
Եˣ뵽ĽǸ˵ƶ˶٣˵֮ô
ôСŮȻ̧ͷơ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵֮ž·Уֻһֱû˼ҵȻһ㲻˵ɽд˺ܾôӦ֪֮Ķɣ
СŮ˼һ£ȻƤһЦӻûҸжأҸҪ㣿
ƺ˺˰֣վˣѶ̫Ҳʲô֮ˣĻȥɣ
ιոӲûôôܾô꣬˵ܸжأҪ뿪СŮæҲվ
˰ɣڿûǸٴӸҡҡͷĿСϣҪһȥôһСҲͦ˵ġ
ҳȥСŮơ
Ըô
Ƶ˵ͷʵСŮΪʲôԭҲǸСŮôطأ
ҵߣǣͷԵ˵ġС˾죬ԵЩġ
㲻˵ǸͷѾôƷ˸ۣаǸͷ˸ﻹ˵ôֱ̫˵ˣȻðôɰһСﶪ
ҴӦģСִš
ƵҵԵ˲ˣ
㣿СŹֵĿơ
Ƶ˵ͷô
Сҡҡͷ
ǲˣνԵǧᣬǽһɲԵôƿʼʩչ粻֮࣬Եˣʲô˺Ե˵㣬˵ҺԵǲͽˣαط
һСﻣһһ㶵ģԭأɵɵĶ˵
ΣҲСػЩʧҪԸߣǱ˰ɣǵóȥˣڣҲ֪˶ãһʱǵˡ


95 һŰֽ
㣬һ£
ոתСŮȴˣƻͷȥôˣ
ƸոյǷȻǺ֮ʣȴûеСŮصĵ˵ͷĵҸߣ
һԵˣ
˵ĶԣҵԵˣ
СŮݸһЦδƴ𻰣ֱڿշɵ˰֮УųɫʥĹâӻתһ㣬
һĻƶˣ׹ܿͽСŮûҫĿĹâ̵۾
Ͻ۾һգâɢŻۣǰпȥѲСŮӰ
һֽСŮով֮ƵƮֽ֣Ʈġ
۾ƻΪǻþ
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Ӧҿ˿ҲСӰƵĿֽϣûܷӦ
һŰֽҲ֪ʲôʵģֻʵЩƣ߽ǴЩƣǴʲô鼮һһֶûУΨпհ׵һƬ
ɵۣúõһСôһֽأ
֣ȻоЩţƻǶֽʡ
ûлӦҲ֪һ磬ֽûƻعŰֽ׹⣬ವһֱš
һжڵʯ֮䣬ƸκεķӦֻǰһǵ׹Ѿûüġ
ʲô
һȻжܽԼȥˣܻ˭е֡
üģû
̱۾ĺָ̨֮УϷһֽƵţǸոеŰֽ
ƾȵ˵ⶫôԼָ̨ȥˣ
֣ǲ㰡
ͼ乵ͨǣֽǾƮţƵѯûһ˿ķӦ
ˣ
ⶫԼָ̨֮УҲ֪ǸǻЩǣ뽫ʶҳֽǿȻ
ŬƵʶ˸һ㣬еĺ
һڷ۾Ҳ֪һʲôı顣
һҲԼʲô˺תҲһ˳ʱеѾܾˣ뿪ط˵طԽԽǾùɭɭ
վҿ˿ɲСҲʲôԵˣſȥ

ճߣȴһ£ǰһǣǰʮ״ȴһ뿪ʯš
ʯʱġ˵ʯţھȣҪ֪˵֮ʯžʧˣ˵˺ܾãſߵʯģʯô
Ҳ룬ʯţʯ˳ȥ
磡
ճʯţһݺӭһɽסƵߣ̧ͷһǺ
Ƕˣ
һģĵ߻һһŮꡣ
Щ죬룬ԭǽʥ֮ǰڷºŴʦһŮǺĺͦܵӣ˼ĵݹ治һ㡣
ļƳҲӭ˹Цôòųʲô
ƿЦһ£ҡͷҲ֪ϵǸŮŮӸôˣʲôëûһ
ԺŹİֽƻסû˵һŰֽȻ죬Ҳ֪ʲôӦǸɣ̨֮ϳлЩ

ЩɻĿƵɨһ£ƺڿ˵Ǽ١
ƵǶҵԵô
ԣǻһ˿ȣһ·ĺᲧۣǰ˻Σҵôһ
ڵϣƶͨȻܿǲǲۣǷɮ࡯ŵܴͨ󣬹ߣɮȴƲۣ˵Ȼͬġ
ɮǷľ֮Ÿɮʩչ䷨ɮ࣬Цôãɮ϶Ƿ˵Ǹѵõֱ
أת
һŽɫľᣬƣȥһʥּһƵĻԵʮ˷ܣ磬֪ɵ֮˭ô
˭Щ档
һ֡
˵ѾôЩȡ
ȷе˵Ӧµһ˿
Ŷ
ƻȻԭֻһ˿Ŀںеľϣǣ
˷ܵĵҵġԯӸ
ǿǹϲˣ
һĽֺ£ôûֵԼأ
磬ʲôûҵ۵ı飬Цݣɻʵ
Ƶ˵ͷЩЦ
˭ѡ˵ģ˶볬ѷ𻯳ɣȴƫƫѡǷ֮֮ʲôȡ֮ҡҡͷΪƵһҵһΪĽ͡
Ϊѡؼǰ·ѡˣܲȥħɣҡҡͷͷȥȷһ£Լĵȷ˵
˳飬Զԡ
ʱһһŮ˹ӵŻ壬λ˵ֵô

һ㶣תͷ˿ӣĿĵϣŻ壿Լûɣͷǻ֮ˣ


96 죡
磬ֵܡϴЦݣƹ˹֡
һĺƣʮ꣬ƵʵȴҪСһЩϾƴӵʱѾǶʮˣɽ⸱Ȼ࣬Ҫ䣬ðʵ㡣
ƣ֣
Ȼ֪˵ȷݣ϶ǻ֮ˣ󣬿ϷԼʶҲҵæһ
ҽܰ£ԱŮƵ
ܰ¹
ŮòȥӦûʮ꣬գȴ˺һˣǰ˴ǣˣЩǰװþµģףŮȴе崿һ˫۾羵ޱȵ͸Ƶļȴǲ
ƶپǰһ࿴ۣͷһǣǸи
ǺǰʱʵĴѾû´ĻӦλȥ˰ɣʵ
˵ͷ
ĵҼʵ֪ҺֶˣʵǷǻѪ룡
Ż壬ʺͻүүԸѰ㣬ôʥˣ
ҲͷһμģǻѪòȻмƣ֮ݣǲȷľҪҵˡ
ǰ屮ֻûɢҶҪΪѾˡܰµ
Ժ˵ɡҡͷһ̾ûж˵̧ͷˣʺͻֶô
ܰµʥûȥүүһ˼λڸʣ֮ȥ˷Ǳޣаʮһˡ

ĳ̾˿ԵЩįԸǿʱ꣬ȥ֮ض˷ˡ
ǰǻ뿪˵ɡƲ˾죬˵гѾ֪˶ãЩĸϲȥһʱɲá
ĵ˵ͷһ⳷룬ƺͺǰ棬ȴ˫̸ֶԼ¡

磬֪ôƪԯӸʥԯأ˷ܾƺûеľᣬЩ֡
Ʒ˸ۣòɣ֪ʲôôû̵ǰҫۺô
ͷ˿ƣҰƪԯӸ͸㣿
˵ţǴ󷽵İѾݵƵǰ
Щ㵣˰֣ˣӲãңģ㻹ǺúŰɡ
ԼҪģǿɹֲˣ
ѸݵĽ˻ȥһ
ιˣʲôǲǳ׷ɷǣƶźʵ
ԴɷôӦҲɣӲߣǸͷ˫䣬һܵˡ
ͷ
һ㶣˵ǸСŮҲ˵Ǹͷģѵ˵Ǹͷ
ʱ׹һֻʣһŰֽҲû֪ǰֽǷСŮģֿԺܴ󣬱ϾСŮ˵ҪԼߵģԼģҲֽѡ
ȴԵˣСŮȻֽͨСŮôʲôأ
϶Ƿ뵽֮ţԺһòŰֽǴ˵е֮Űɣ
ʶŰֽںϷƮţ˰죬ȴ־Լ뷨Цѽⶫ֮֮ϵ뱦뷢ˡ
磬ʲô
ߴĻƴʵ
ҡҡͷ߳ɽϿеƬǰɢ֣޷ȥģֻõĳ
磬ڴ򶷣ȻƵ
䣬ȻԼԼһ󺰽ӦвˣʱҲ˳
Ƶǰˣ
Ҳ춯ĵȽײͣǽġ
˵ţһȣƵ˽ӣããȥ

ˣ
ճӣһ˵춼һϸСĺӰ׷Ͽеˡ
еıͷҴܣеʩչսֵеĵڵ·Ĵҽڶ
Щ˶ǸʲôԵģʲôãƫƫǵۻʷ䣡һĻĴ˴ӡ
ԭӰʱȺۻʷ䣬ʱĻС£ţȴ뱻Щ˸ˡ
ףǣ
˻ǲ٣Σкüɶ۵ĿмһʩչսĵϣƵüͷһ
ֳ½ˣֻʣˣС͹˳ԻˣһҲǾ˲ĥѡ
Ǹ޴ķѣɽ±ߣҲ֪Щ˶ЩʲôѱˣҲѹȺۻʷ
죬˾ݣۻʷ׺ǳϣֻ輸ʮֻȫԣٶĻͺܿз䶾ˡ
ۼֳ˽֧ҲóȻĳȥĿڼԶСϣ̳ʦãСȥ
ͻը죬쳹ϿȣֳУתȥƣʱһϲ
У
Ҳһ񣬱һֻۻʷ˿ӣֱֳһ£ʱʹ̣еľٶѳֲס
ߣ
͵һңһۻʷȺˣ벻ԶС֮УǱˮ׶ء


97 ʥ飡
ۻʷȺ˵ķһƬīưˮһȦû˸ͷ˷ȥ
˼״Ҳ׷Ч£һһˮС
Сӣ뺦ǰһڣıоʱһ䡣
ȻȺۻʷûĿ꣬ȻֱӾƵڵĵط˹ոƳɤһȴǱ¶Ŀꡣ
ۻʷȺգڣһ㣬ûаҲʮ֮ڣʮֺˡ
ˣĴһӣ˻ȥ
󣬻Խ˵ֵȺۻʷ䡣
ʲô
һǵûˣ뺷վ˳ֱԯӸעϣųŨĽ⡣

ԯӸʥּһչһŽֱӴӾз˳Ⱥڵĵۻʷȥ
ҫؼһٵ۵һγһھ޴Ļӣڰ֮Уתݡ
𣡡𣡡
ص˻𣬾ŵֱǿڴײȥ
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һ쳹أ·ԻĹţޱȵϣޱȵĲ
ƬĵۻʷֱӻΪ촷ۣϿȼ죬ߵɽʯ׹þòͣЪ
ʣµĵۻʷȺƺǱǿڻϵѹ㣬ŵźͷȫڣһƬƣ˵Ͽȡ
ʥ飬ͬ죡
һĻڣ˶ŴͣԯӸȷѾǵ
ӽ壬»Ϊһܿɢ֮䣬еľһգϵĽİָֻܿԭ״
ϧҲ̫ˣ
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ҡҡͷһϲŻָЩѪɫƵĲվ
С椣Ĵ˹
תģͷƺЩ⡣
ĸЦһеɮ࣬С椣㿴ǧ໻ǡԯӸɺã
һ·Χĵû˿ĸоɱСǧ࣬Ǽѵõֱ
˰ɣҲŲأֲУƶϻԸŰɣĶȥһۣϵͷһԲʲô¡
ĺӶ˶ǿʥ飬㿴㣬ʩչôѾŸˣҪǿǧ࣬Ҳ£ϲʲô˵һ㡣
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ʲôϲͱѾˡ˾죬ᵽһߡ
ĿƣǶʱһ˿ЦֱָƣԺ֪϶ϲСӶԲԣֻҪϰʥøңһȥĻּǴͻ飡
׺䣡
ϵıҲ쳣ľʣǰףǺ죬ֺڵ÷ˣ⻰ʵڲһνܵˡ
ŭƶ룬Ķ˶ţͷ˵Сð㣡
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˵ز˾ƲһϽҲƵӱȥ
ˣǾգŭĿӡ
һǱɵЩͷƤ顣

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һƬˮһԴˮ˳϶Ǿʧı飬ĴһȷȺըѾˣµ˰
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żȻ·Ʋÿɷ񣬡ôҲ
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С½ʦֺʦûи뿪ˣʣˣǰҵһżʱ¬ʦУҺ͹ʦҲˡ
¬ʦ֣Ǹ¬ˣѡ˵ʱ¬滹ͶһƱȻûٽϾͬʦֵܣһˣҲĸϧ
Ŀֳϣֳü΢ֱۻʷ˵ĵطѾһƬźѪ
˵øϽУ
ץֳ֣ϸĽеķ˳ŵ㣡
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ļѹ˿ڣѪҵʹֳҧأڲ
ˣѪȡһŽⶾҩݸֳ
ллʦֳ֣мĿһۣµҩӱϴ˿ڡ
ת˿ΧŲʬ壬һȺݲеòһȺͽʵǿҲޡ
ôϵۻʷˣƵ
Цһ£ǿûǣǰˡ

תȥϿеɻ治٣ַķɣڣַڼɣɶҲǸĸޡ
ںɲֻ࣬Сɣ˸ޣҲֻʣӣ⼸죬ڵʧҲȻС



98 ̫ӣ
С޺޵Ŀ˸һۣСǵֱ֣ȻҺķսʱСİȺҰķѸˣôˣʦЩ˴󲿷ֶý
վһǰ̽ǵӵƣȻǸо˱Ŀ⣬תͷƵ˶ϡ
üͷһš޵֮лһ˿𺣬ֱӶǸۻʷݵòΣ˿ĵӣ½ʣڵƵȥ
߹СջĿ⣬Щľǿ֪СӾԲǣΪϵĲȱһּ˱̬һαֱֱ֣ŵòһķӣΪ
ĮưߵƵ˵ǰ̧ͷȥ˶Ĵûһ㡣
ߣˣǹô˵ˣһȻ֪Ƶ˸ոڱ˵Ĳǡ
˾û˵һװɵ㶣ãȻĿ˿ܣף˭˵Ϲ˰ɣ
ͣ
ԣҲ̲סֱһЦ˳
һǵþһƽľǱ˳ЦߣƵһЦôˣܹŭ
쵰
޶ŭĿӣɱ֣һӾͽЦݣվƵ࣬Ȼ
һڸ޵߶һ䣬šŵüͷȻչתһ˿ЦݣСӣǴİɣʲôöó
Ƭӣ֮ǰмɽȥأͽȥżƴгȻ²ʲô
⼸ˣǲ𣬵ǶƣɵСӣûʥ֮Уɱ˶ᱦٳ£ţڳҲ˻ΪһСɵĵӳͷ£˲ûپѾллصˣѩ̿
޵Ļһ˵϶¶˺ݹ⣬ʦ֣δ̫ˣ
һЦԲӣǿ϶Ǹ˲õżֻ뿪۽磬Ȼ϶ְɣʲôҿ
޵Ļ˵ôΧɵӵע˹
һ䣬ҵʲôƾʲô㿴أ
ߣСӣô͸ʦ˵ôƻһ䣬Աߵһӱŭһ
Ȼһ۵˹ȥҺ˵йķݣ
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̧̧֣סߵĵӣָ䷭̧ͷĿƣԹԵİѶóöѿ
֮䱥в֮⣬ֳ˿ŸеĶ𽣣һɫü˵ѿһǸĺǰѶ𽣿αֱһ֣ǳ˶㣬޷ֵ
ƣ׼ǿˣЦһڵѾɾֹ磬ȫûƿһСѡ
ޣ̫ˣôˣҶ֣ѵͲںɽ𣿡Сƿڴ
ɣҺŶԣЦЦԼؿڣתǼʦֵܶһۣϱ൱ĸ䡣
Ա߼ҲͬǹЦȫŵĳЦ޿ĶӣѹûɷС
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磿ûɣĵӣ˶ôƹϵôˣ
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ͷӣô
ĵĻһ䣬޵һĵӣǲ𣬵ǰͷӾȻҽСޣһν˰̡
ˣ
һӰ֣ĵǰǿŸޱȶȥ磬٪徹ȻҶ񣬼ֱڵڴܲŭ
ٶ֮죬ֱ󣬸ޱϵƸˣɪɪ
Сӵ£Ǻθɣ޵ɫףŶǿеľ壬
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Ϊַĵӣ޲ǳԴԹ֮ңϼȻҲ⣬ӽ³ôܲʶ磬ۼһСɵĵӾȻҶ̫ϼȻҪվģֱӴʦֵΧ˹
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ɵסˣ֮ǰ˸ںŴʦҲܲ²⵽ݲһ㣬ȴ벻˻Ĺ̫ӡ
̫ζʲôǾδĻʣڣֻҪһ仰ѣȫɵˣȫû뵽ԸɵһСӣȻǣôϡ
̫ӲһѾ㹻һˣնΣһǾԱסˡ



99 ˣ
ͨͨ
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Ҳû֮ǰţ⼸ڵĵӣŵֱӹ˵ϣͷ
ɫԼģһģôûλŻ
һЦĿڸ޵ɨɨָָƵҲУ㲻СӵıôȻȻӮұһ

̧ͷģЩɵסˣͷӾȻ̫Լʲô
תƣƺһʶƵģɵһСӣܺȣƱȶаٷ֮ٵİʤƾ趾𽣣һɱ
ĶƵСӣСʵְɣ
ԴͻֹƻûǰǿַսҲЩֹڵľ磬⵹ص㣬صСֱЩɵ
ƶ˶٣չһЦŸ޹˹֣ʦ֣ͽˣ
ߣ
һƽϢ飬̧ͷƣ»ָưͺǰСӣλôù̫ӣ
ȻԼСӱ䣬ǿɹֲԼˣɱСӣй֮ޣܰȻȥ
Ǻॣ
ע𽣴ʣΪһ೤бָްͦأɭȻĿơ
磬ҪҪҰѡԯӸ㣿ʶǶ𽣵ƲУƵ
ãһǣҡҡͷǱȶȻҪƾԼʵĻӮҲʡ
ԼСˣ
һţ˵ͷΧһȦӣԶԶ˿վһԹս

ɣ
ٳУƶŸ޵һ䣬ĿȴڸкĶϣⶫвܴ
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һɫĽƿնϮȥɵľ룬̶ֱϮƵؿڡ
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ողվһӭһ㣬ڿն𣬽Žŵ׻ܸЬףȻоһ˿ȻֻαֱǲСꡣ
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ĪǣĴˣ
뵽ƶĳǿ裬ĵĿƵϣ˼׳һ̣ͻʲô˵Ĵˣڿʩչ˫軨۾Ȼ

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һ£ΧĿһӴУͨƵĿڱǣǻۡ
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Ͽ֮УǱŴ˺ܶ࣬ںһ𣬶̲סס˶䣬Ǿݡ
޸оĪΣգʱ˵ȡض𽣣ǶҲѾˣ˲ǺĴ̶ȡһػַһֻסȫ
籩ӹһжݲеòģϿȼþûص
ʯߵɽ£ػ޵Ĺ֧飬ϵ·мֻһ鲼ߣѪҺ۶ڱлʳȥʮֲֿȻǱˡ
ۣ
ؿڣһŵĿƣһûֱһѪήȥ


102 ۻʷ䳲
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вŮӣǳģʱȥȻֻһС壬ǣ޺ôҲǸˣһǸˣŮ֮Ǳúصġ
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˵òᣬҲ֪ǽܲʵ񾭱ôң޷Ŀһֱӱǹȿȥ
ʦ֣
˼һҲû뿪ϽŸ׷ȥ

ʦ֣̫ˣͻֹô
ɼ˹СԵ쳣˷ܣոһĻֱǾȵԸӣǼ첻ƾȻɳֵز
Ҫ֪жֹ֣ڵĸֶ˵ʤƾȻ׵Ľ£ɼƵʵĲһǰ㣬Ǿսڶǵ
ƶС˵ͷǼһ̫ˡ
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ԴˣƵǲûеģô˶ţ͸ֻд裬ҲֻˣһںţھţҲҺͻ԰ɣ
Ժ൱أѸУһսƶԼʵҲһŵ֪ȻֹֻڣΪй֮ԺصչĺҪֹͨھϲ٣ϷͬսѾֹһս
СӣոʹսǴĶģ˹һʮı飬ܰҲƣϳ˺档

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룬Ȼ߰˷֣ĹĵĹ壬ʶҲ
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뿪˵ɣҪȻȺۻʷɻֵ÷һֽţʵͷΣæ˻⡣
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İеɻ˶࣬ҲٶʣΪһ뿪˵
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Ĵʮֵ⣬ݻ㹻󣬷Ļ䳲ûа취ⶫһҲû
ֵܣ⻹ëȡ˷ʽɵһСƹһЦ
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ƵͷһЦȴ֪ںԼЦⶫԼǸɾͲһǱˣΪĹ̫ӣҪʽĶѡ
һϿȥҲļʦֵһͬϣʣ¼ԥ˰죬ȴûųȣʣ»ͼʱ䣬ǻȥƬ̽һ̽

ҹ
ȼ˼⽫һӳòҰײҰ׵ģΧﲻʱС
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ʦ֣⼸㶼ʲôȥˣֳʵ
Ҳ̧ͷƣƵ뿪ҶܲµǹΪ֮ط꣬ܺΪʲôùŶӡ



103 Ϊ
ԣȻһЦĿѾɣҲͲˣֱӵСӦ֪ɣҵĸޣȻ˳ɾͯһֱ޷ǣźǰָ㣬ʥҸıǣҲŻʥðգղǶ𣬱ȥˣ

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ֳȴЩΪβ˵أǴҿ԰һҰ
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ЦⲻµôңҪֲҲ¸鷳
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벻ϻҪܸı˸ǵĹӣʦ֣ĸڱʲôˣСµʵɽʱǣȻûҲ˵
Ҳһĺ棬ֳҲе˿ãתͷơ
ǿɱȲãѡֺǺǵЦЦȻƷ˵۵ǣҲڼƷˡ

˽Щ⣬ĸڴҲ㲻ʲôСɣѾǺܳˣֳڣҲͬѣҶаƵĺˡ
һ˫˫Ƹоһůó⼸˶ΪԼף½϶䳰ȷˡ
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ͣ
滬мЦ
ĵݲģʲôɫŨҲֻǸڶѣĿֻƳֶֶŮǰҫɷĳǿ裬絹û˵ţܰȴǻɣΪֶֶŮţֻƱݱˡ
£ֻ㿴ѣĵ
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˵䣬ת˿ԼֶŮСӣ˵ɲϵ£㿴ҼܰΣ
ܰԣʱһ죬ȫû뵽ô˵˰죬ȻԼˣ

ԭܰ·Ǳ£ƺ˺ͷͣȥʦˡ
ĿںߴܰϣڨЦһ֮ң֮գһܽسˮȻȥܰ¹ﵱñ¶֡
ǹάҲ˵ʵܰߣȴ֪༸Ůи룬һӶĺ⻰ʱ˾죬Ϊá
ԣȴΪã˸룬Ƶ˼ˣֵһ
ƵĶͷ˺ߣΪʲôң
ĹүҪ㳪СôΪ˿붼벻ĴȻĵ
ܰȴͷû˵ˣѵüԼ죬ʱҲֵܣɱ˴ҵ˰

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ʦ֣һɣǿǹŶҪǰѹˣ˵㵱ʱɿɾˣСЦ
Ʒ˸ۣǸɴȥˣ
˼ûңҿɲңСʼ硣
ʦ֣ϰɣɱɱЦһλ̫ӣһλһλүͷСһҪǵˣƣǶɶûʲôô
ֵܣһ
һȺҲ壬һΨ²ҵӣս˼㱻ɱ˵Ŀѹȥ
ֵܣѲ㻹Ҫһ㲻ɣ
ԶԶȡЦȻ̫ĳҲҲӣһҲ߯ˣһˣλһҲ⡣
ɣϻ࣬ӦǣЩȲĴߴٵ
ԣӲͷƤ˫ϥᲦңĿڤƬ̣Ŀ⳯ܰ¿˿תɨһȦЦĳɾ׳ˣ͸ڳλƯ
⻰˵ã˭Ҳ
磬Ҳ͸ô
ӶϣȻȷ˵Ưûķݡ
ƺ˺ͷǵȻ
ԣĻϲæֱ壬ƣƵ


104 

İ죬ˮߣͷü
ѹֵɤּصСϪˮҹ֮оʣϢ·һ˫˳С֣ĸοһſ궯ġ
ӽŮ鰮ԭɣֻнףһȴʮöѲƵĿ
ԵļŮӣ˫Ŀƣһ淺һðˮǺЦ⣬ﾡ㽣Ƶĸӳ֮£һ˫˫У·̺ŶǴδŮ鰮롣
壬ˮߣԹŮӢۣһŵǧ𵽾ͷ
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ԵˣƵӴ⾳Ҳ֪ǿŮ˧磬һ϶ųɵЦݡ
ͷӶ㶯˴ģ
ĹһЦеļžȻֻһҲƬ̳ˣӵȽײߣȴöӽŮ֮ӣţ֮⣬ߵһŮ顣
ȻЩʧ⣬Ҳ֤ɷˣ˵ģҲǱƵС
ôһ˶˼֮лعϹʧ䣬ֵ泩оٸܸܣȴҲ׽ˡ
ֵܹȻ飡ҲȻһЦ
̫ӹˣǫѷĵ
ҡҡͷֻ˵Ϊһĳ˴ҵأɲ㡣
ԶԶԣ㣬ʱ
ǰˣƤ˶ӣһ˶Ŀһ£һȴǵɺˡ
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л̫ӣлһĺߣæŶ˹˹ôǰ¸ҹ˹ȥȳʥⱲܲټ˵ء
ܰµ磬ոӿ
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ܰˣӵǹ죬нף֮ȴ޷׳֪Ǻιʣ
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òȱȥףҪܱǲŹˣƴ˸ҡͷҲǹûעɡ
ӣĲûаԼϰ֮ǣĿǰͻοʼҵˣƿɲţڲ˵ԺҲ˵ԴˣҲû취Щ֪á
ܰ½Žɣʣæ⣬̫ӣһˣǲǸϳأ
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һ£ôˣң
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һƮɢؼ䣬䣬۶ߣУıᣬӵӿÿһ˵ķ
ܰµĿԶԶƵϣжӳ˺棬Կ϶ոӣʮˣȴͷ޷׳
һʻ壡ջĿ⣬ܰж⣬Ƶȷв֮

ʦãƲֵģߣһСӵĴӣϲãΪ̫ӵĵ⻹˵ãϽһ䡣
ŤͷǴһۣƲȥﲻ֪ʲô
ЩĪתͷƿ˿ƺʲôЦʦãһӶѣҪϲʦҲ
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һۣ˰ɣһ˻ӣʲôһӳҶء
ˣֶ˺ϵķⶶͣ
ڨЦһͷֵӣҪҪʦȥֵܣ㡣
ԣ˫ʱһȴְȥ˰ɣͷ˼ң
ֱˣѵ
ϿջصϢһҹպǺг



105 ʥ
磡
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а
룬ƾȻˬһڴӦˡ
ģ۾һʲôʱô
ԣڣƵ˵ͷЦúе㻵
ȴûע⵽Щæ
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ƹЦƾ׷£øһ׷һܣһһǻΧЦƬ

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һŴ£۵Ԫ鲻ʱʥŵķ򿴿г˵ǣʥɲ٣ʵ߹ɣ˳£Ͼսȥһ죬Źʾ˳ʥ֮жôΣˡ
ⲻôɵĵҲûءͨһԵ
Ԫ鳯ͨһۣһ㶼ģŮɻء
ͨԣƤһڨЦôܻ᲻ģֻԺʵŰˡ
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ô˵ԪGлǶЩĵģ˿һϣһҲĪʧ
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ȥѯʣǼȴǻĪڼλҹʹǼ뿪ˣôҵжһӰ

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ڵȵȽǰɣ˵˵ЩľԪˣһߡ
Сӣˣ
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ֵܣٻᣬɱǵԼƼ˼ۡ
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ֻܰǶ΢΢ףĳ˻ȡ



106 Ҫʣ
˼ˣͶĿ⣬Сôͻ島ϹϵˣǸͷʲôˣôʥг

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ʹãͨԣŵŮ㲻ҪôһȥСӺúһ٣ȻҰŮֳʲôˣ
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ʦСʦˡһԵĺС
ͨһͣͷԶԶһۣСӾȻұŮ𣬼ֱд
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ĺȻ̧ͷƺһĪľ
ʲôˣͨһɻ
Ҫʣ
һһٵ³ĸĿ͸ʮֵļᶨ

ͨԶɵסˣȻعʱѾȿȥ
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ǿҲ뵽½ڸոսʥʱѾˣȴɵȥϾ֮ǰû˵˵϶˻ˣƿɲַֺõĴҲ͸Ŵһɵȡ
ռ䣬ɵӶ½½ĳˣɼе𣬲ܵ˵ջԶʧġ
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½ûܳһΣʧӢӣУ½ǼӣǵδӰģʥ֮УԪGޱȵϧ
½ض˶Ԫ˵ĵӣ˶õԪڵ֪һϢ֮ǵˡ
½ʦֻ·˰ɣʥôûܼʱҲС
˶ǳĬǶ֪½ض˲ֻˣʥٴοҪȰ֮󣬾ǻţܲܵȵǸʱ˵ʱףһһʲôĹ⾰ѾûԤϵˡ
ңΪҪҳ½ʦҲʦɢҲڡŹʵϳ
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ֵðοǣλӵջ񶼲ļ˻ǣҿóЩ֮䶼Ĭֻ֮սвĸ飬˵һҪģϾ⼸Ѿһϣ
һջǾǴżеıܹ˴Сĸżҵһף⻹мֱһЩҩǴա
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ƶСȥһۣС˵СҰ˺ˣ
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ãã֮ϣѹѹһƬƿٵ۽ӽһһȺӥСС飬ǧ֮ࡣ
Щӥ˫չСĶнףļ๺צ֮ĺ⣬һУһȶһ㣬ʮֺˡ
Ҳ˶׷״Ӵ˳ȺٿĲӥʱԪGڣ˶ͣǰľסˡ
ޣô࣡
ԪGͫһһ˿壬Ⱥӥ˵Ҳǧ֮࣬жһ׵ޣһֻӴĲӥ˫չжʮ׿ѾﵽĽ޵ĲΡ
Ľµޣֻ൱ֹڵľ磬ƽʱ˵ԪGû˿вģڳȺĳ֣ȫͲһˣ϶ҧ󣬸οԷǿޡ
˻شȥԪ˵һĿǰϳ˽ͷҲ֪ȺӬΪʲô
ֻ·ƣֿ΢΢
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ԪGʹ֮£۵ٶȶ˷ˣƺ֮пٵнǣȺӥ˵۵ٶȻЩûһ۱㱻ӥȺΧ

ӥųֻΧԪGվڴͷҲóȻ֣һҪǼŭӥȺȴǵòʧƵ˲δشգҲǸִ٣Сĵķš

һ󾢷ûƵ˴̧ۣͷȥӥȺΧɵȦ˺һӣͷӴĽӥ¡
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ʱڻݾڣ벮ɽԶΧҲûʲôɣ˵ѡط٣ıõģԪGһߵһнӥȺΧţ۸޷١
ϣƵʩչңͰ𶼶ԺĺܴҲûеͽ׵սֻܿžУȴǱʩչսС˺ܶࡣ

ոյһͷһӥһͷӥƸ˫չףѴﵽ޵ĲΣһһӥϣȻֻϻһӣ¼ëֻӥͣƬ̣ųŭһԸٶ
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мǼֻӥæȡ𽣣עΪ߳ɫĽЩӥսһ
ֻαֱʹȻƻǿ֧ţֳˣȻʥ֮жֱֱ̫ǿǵʵ޷ãʶҲֻʵʩչս
޶ǣһںʹƺƵıһȺӥֻҪ˽ɵƴһӣȻơ



108 дս
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һ𣬾춯أںµӥһʮͷԺҲʮӴģһƸоѾˣȽ鸡ĸоǿ־֧ţѾԵڵء
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׵һ˻ûкԪGӲֱһȥûããƺ֮ʧ
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ԪG˵ֵź׷ӥƵȴǵԴϢƬ̣ǲֹ磬ոյսǵĶܴڴϴ·ƺ䣬һ޴ĺӰƿ۵Ĵ׿ٽӽʱôһ
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ǣ
һЦӱԪȻһδͷоƷϮ
˫ִָһˣԪֵƾŸоܿҪ
أ
һֱֱԪļϣԪץסƶˣ˫ʱһɣƺֳֶ
ۣ
ԪһѪĵ׹ʮײſסΣתȥǸոǰˣ֪ʱֱΣƺֳٶȵ·׹ȥ
ʹԪҲսֻһٶȸ׹ƶ׷ȥ
ݣ
һЦһڣֻ޴ӥƿƲԳٶ·ȥ


109 °
ԪˣԮ֮ͷӥֻݱܣĿͷĽӥƺֳסһӶֱӴȥ
õ
ԪһŭȣҪ׷ȥȻǰ׹һӵǰ
ಡಣ
ʱӰԪGԪ飬˽ӶȻϣԪٳûȥϽˡ
ʦ֣˰ƺͳ°ˣԪ˵ļ򣬶ԪG
ˣ
ԪGδ˵ԪŭţƶһƣֱŰȥ
Ʒһֻ޴ɫӡɽһ㣬ûӲӣƮˣ̬ĶԪĹ
ǽڶʥеõıұǹȥϧڤ粻飬ֻýˡһЦһȴû˿¡
ߣǷˣԪGһֻӥԽԽԶǽ֡
ӹһЦҪҲԣǾ仰ǵõıұǡ
룡ԪGҧгݡ
ԪҴĹĵط㹫Ȼ˵ңսȰ㻹ʵʵķǣǳʱĻʣù
ˣľǱв΢΢һ䣬һ˿Цݣбˣ룬ĻʻΪС嵶ɣ
ôԪĵ
ǺǣһЦ˵ĻκҲãĻΪǳͷҲһ۾֮
ʲô˼ԪGüͷһ
ɵĵӣȻ͵ѧʥľѧף˵ҪǱĻ֪ˣ᲻ŭأЦ
ף
ɫʱһ뵽˸ոʩչġ𡯣Ǻ֮Ű֮ǿҲΪ֮Ŀѵʹף
ߣڲǣղ£뿪ԪGŭһ٣ӹȥ

ԪҲһһӣԪƿӣȥ׷ǽƺֳץߵͷӥ
óѣһƮˣһߴһڣӥƲסԪȥ·Ԫ˾һ
ܰɣӹһЦƮˣ˳սţͣ˽ʱۼԽսԽֱͣӳһͷӥȥ
԰ӵʵԵλʦһʼ䲻ĻпܽȺһ򾡣ȴҪһֽţµӥҲ٣ĵ̣ܹĶԣӵϣѡȥ뵽´ߵǸСӣʧѾõʥѧҲǲˡ
ӥȺ˾Ƭ̣ʮʬ֮󣬱ٵȥԪ׷ȴԪGסĪ׷
ʦ֣ƻϡԪ鼱ֳյĵӣӣҲʮϲġ
ԪGšüͷǵͷĽײӥٶ֮죬ҵܼңӥѾ뿪Ѿã׷ˣ׷ϣҵ֮ܣмְմоǣ
ǡ
ԪвʣѵôӢӣ
Ȼزɽʦ𣬵ʦʱĻʣÿԪGһ۷ȥﻹҪػ
Ԫԭء
ʦ㣬߰ɣ࣬ǲȣǾȲˡԪż̾˿Ҳڿն۷ȥ
𣬾Ǻηʥ
Ԫ֮һ˿ݹ⣬òɢ

ֻצһֻץһƺֳץģֹӴٶҲǳ죬һչᣬϰףͷĽײӥٶȣѰʦڵĸֶƥ
Ľ޵֮ǿʥ֮о̹צס޷ѣҲѡ
ʦ֣ô죿
ӥԽԽԶҲ֪ҪȥĶ·һƬƬɽ֣Ѿ֪ɵĶˣֳһ
ٶʹ޷ѣתֳֳҲڷѾˣƾ޷ӥǺƵצκε˺
һΣʦãˣһצӣǵȥ
ֳԣҲǶڰգӥǶ˵Ļû˻ǣԻǡ
֪ȥĶƷİͷȥӥ֮Ӵ󣬼ֱţǰƺʱô
ӥʼǰ᰿裬ֻһǰɣʼնûеͷƶһۡ
һɽһƬƬɽִӹѲ֪ɵʲôطˣֳҿҪȥ塣
壿
ƺȻĹ½ΧĺȮֽ磬мֻһӴйɽݿűģڴ½Ľ磬˵ֻҪ˻ݣڣ岻Զˡ
ֳתƣЦһ£벻ܺʦһ𡣡
ˣûôɣɱǣɱˣο°ǣ
ֳҡҡͷ御ɱ֮гӣҪǽΧ㲻Ҳ
ֳӡȻҲƶ񣬵Ұѱ඼ɱ˵вУֺγԹǽ̣ϵǱ˼졣



110 Ҫǿ
徭ĵ°˶ʳѾʵ£ֳԿ϶ǰץƣҲֻ볢ߵѪζѡ
ֳĻҲЩˣʥпɲһʥе޴Թ㲻Ҫɥġ
ֳʦ֣һ𹥻Ǵȥ
ҪһצӣǿɾˡЩԥ
а취ʦֻ֣ߣȻҵطϢʱǱֳ
һ룬ҲеӥĽޣʦڣƾˣǺѡ
ӥͷһۣһ˿Ѿԣֳö֮ı֪ʵڶûзϣƶ˲б˵ûκεв
ౣ
һ߿˻ӥͦأĹĶ˫ᣬһ㣬ƿֱȥ

˷һѣǶӥ˺ˣƶֳʹ˸ɫ𽣸˳
һ·ڵĺѾָ˲٣һץӥצһŶ𽣣עڶϣ𽣶ʱҫ
ಣ
ֱӽ˳ȥʹ𽣻Ϊһ⣬ԳٶȣֱӥС
ͣ
ӥûзСֱӱ𽣶𣬶˸ֻصƵС
ౣ
ҵʹӥһھ֮ϣһ˻Ѫ˿֮ҪǮһƶһһ
ʦãץˣһ֣ƴϲһӥצӣĻȥɾˡ
ౣ
ӥʵ̫⣬̫Сˣ֪ҪȴȻ˰㣬ӥһŭУͷƿȥȼܵŭ
һǽˣҵʹʧܲס˵忪ʼ׹Ƭ̣ӥֱɿץֳצӣõֻץƶѣֳ˳ץģ˵ǺԥĽֳסΡ
ֳȴץӥצӥһŭצӷһ˦ֳλܰѳֵסֱӾͱ˦˳ȥ
ʦã
һһץȴûץסʱ·һͣˣۿֳ׹䣬ȴԮ

Ҫô
ʧصĸоƶԼĺֳȻоһ˿ĺ̹Ȼ
ǸԼԶӰʯߵĳޱָգٵӢʣʥ֮еһĻĻֳԺָоһ˿Ͳʡ
ʦ֣ټ
ΧһƺֹˣֳͶȥһ΢Цı۾š

ʦã
˻ߣȻֻƬֳ̣Ѿ׹ƺʧ
˵һ£ȫˣƸ޷ʵĿ·ããƺֻץֳơ
ﲻͣĻطֳոյƺһĻһ̣촽˶ƶԼ˵ʲôֻϧ̫Զƻû壬Ѿ䷲
ããƵۿʪˣֳҪõ֪ѣȴĿˤ׸߿գȥЩʲô
ӥֳѹȻˣȴҲסΣ˫ᣬٶڿն𣬶ͬʱһֻҲץ˹
Ҫǿ
ͷһΣƱǿ˵ļᶨеĿͬƺ޷ʩȣĸоҪϢһ̣һǿ֮Ƶѿɳ
쵰Ҫɱ㣡
ۿӥһֻצҲԼץ˫Ŀ죬ŭɶ𶾽𽣣ֱӥצӻȥ
ﬣ
ӥצӼޱȣ𽣿棬Ǳһ𻨣ǿҵưѳֲסֱӱķɣ׹ʧ
ӥŭһֻצӶץƵϣȫ㷴ضûУðӥһشӶһʱģȻ˹ȥ

Ҳ֪˶ãĵӥצʮֵʹӥѾ֮Ͻ·һƬӵɽ
͵һѵѾĵˣ
̧ͷȥֻӥڷᣬҪ߷ɣֹס䣬ͱ˵˿ڻѪӣӦûû壡
𽣹ᴩˣҶ𽣸Ķԣӥһ·֮£ȫأѷɲˣӥҶٵĴϢ

ӥųһ·裬һܼ׹ٵķɻ·һдеĴɽ׹ȥ

һƬľӥӴ۶ϴݻ٣֦Ҷҷɣڵ˺ܳһξ룬һƬͣһƬ
ߣɽٶȳӥſڵϣգգۣܿ첱ӱ㴹ȥһˡ

ҵľСѽȻôһֻ
˰˨磬ǵ㱾ǻ֪ô
ҴģѵǴôϿңҿطˡ
쿴Ƕ

ӱϴһӣӰ˷ܵ˳ΪһƤ¿ˣŶʮ꣬ĸߴ󣬹ͭɫƤļ⣬ϱһƹһʮ
ۣǺôһֻ񰡣һʮСк̽ͷǰһĻֱҪˣӣ˷ܵľҪ˹ȥ



111 ͨկ
СȥкŸ㱻ԱһŮס
ŮһƤС£¶ŵƤĶź׵ĴȣֹһԾ㷢ɼԺһŹСֻԲԲĴ۾ظͦǳ߹ģ⼸װУһ۵ķ羰
Ůľ棬Ск̶ס˽ŲͷɻĿŮ㣬ôˣ
ŮԱ꣬˨磬ͷӥôǴﵽĽˡ
Ҳšüͷʮصĵ˵ͷȻӥԲǱģһʯͷֱŲӥ˹ȥ
ž
ʯͷڲӥıϣʱ㱻̯ӥſڵһҲûκεķӦ
ˣ
˿⼸Уʵǿֹڵľ磬˶ֻͯ磬һֻʦֵĽޣѾˣֻҪܻԶвˡ
˶ʱ۾ȻǲΪʲôһͷĽ޻ĪǶ֪ĽޣǿǻǱҲ˵һƤëǾѵϣѪҲͬǴ֮ؼǣﵽĽ׵ޣܻܿǶǶߵĪĺôġ
Ӵһ˵ϽӹһìŵŲԶӥӴʬȥ˽䱸

ѾӥʬѾ׵ʱ򣬺Ȼӥᶯ˶СĸͨһϽ˻ȥ
ô
༸Ҳ̽Լȡ˳ĿתĶǰӥСķţҪ֪Ľޣ㶯һצӣ˵Ҳ

ӥԽԽӵ˵Ҳ֮ѣȻǸеǣһԴȻӥϵëӥ˳

˶㵲ѣĿǰһĻȫû뵽ӥʣ»ˡ
ȿȣȿȣ
ƷӥϣؿڣȳѪˮոմ׹䣬ȻӥĻ壬Ǵ˺ɲСอˣҲжദˣƿνأôʱסһ
ڵƣоȫԼһ㣬ֻһоǾۣ߹ȫ͸֧Щѣͷ棬ȥǱ
۾ȥǰվװҰˣͫײһ
˨Ⱥ£ͣ첽ȥַסƣѣ⣬ӥɱģ
ľȻ¶࣬ȻͷӥԺǰйء
㣬ǣʲôˣؿڣʮַѾʵ
ɽͨկģҽа˨硭Ƶǰɻû˵꣬ƱûӦ
˨ƵıǼ̽̽˿ֻιȥˣ
ô죬ɽկôСһӺƵϴţôͷһôˡ
˨ԣԵЩΪѣկﲻ׼˵ġ
С˨磬ͱôԽˣɱĽޣ϶ΪǿߣǾʹȥɣҪȻ϶ġ
˨šüͷ룬ǺãҪկɵ顣
ģСһϲڴӦ
ұ
˨һ˻æ֣˻ԵƷ˨ıϣ˨Ʊͷ˿ӥʬ壬Ա߼˵ţţţССǻկˡ
ţ
ӦһСС˨ɽȥӥʬ̫Ӵ󣬿ɲǼܹȥģֻܻկҰ֡
ʣվӥʬ壬Ǿȵ˵ǿǿʦĽް⣬͹կ˳Ϻܾˡ

ʦ֣ټ
ԺлصֳٻӰһץȴʲôûץסۿֳ׹ƺƽ֡
ʦã
һƺȻӴŷ֣ԭԼֻһΣǣȴʵġ
ֳӸ߿յһ̣ƵǱ͵ľһ£ޱȵɬԵĻԸֻһΡ
һΧһЩƾľƷݣ򵥣ֻһӺһӣǽϻһŹͼƤƮҩ㣬ƵͷһԼһľϣϲ˼ȦײҩǸո̫ͣƣ˿еʹ
ףˣ
ɻĴΧʱһŻƤȹŮ˽ﻹһڵĴ룬Զŵһҩζ
ʲôطʵ
ͨկɶˡŮЦЦʢҩڴߵĹϡ
ƴǰŮоƺЩϤϡǵõʱʹȥʱ򣬼ĺһң
ǰɣǼɽԣ㣬Ͱˣ˨米ġŮ
˨룬յȷиʹԼӦþɣ
ˣһ֪أĶôͨɽϣŮһʳ˺Щ⣬Ҳ⼸ʵġ
Ƴ˼ҽƣݲɽɵĵӣɽ;бӥϮԡ
˵ƶ˶٣ľЩȥ롣
ŮЩȣݣĹݣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻ̧ͷĶ
ͨկŮ̴
˵ͨկʲôطĹݣƼеĵ
Ůݣ


112 ŮҶ
ϱľľģԼôͳˣֻӥȻԼˡ
磬ôˣƷŮæƵǰ˻Ρ
عƵԶô

ŮЩΪʲô壬ǻشͨɽа˰ŹأŹأ˹Χˣ磬ȥô
ҡҡͷôû⣬ôˤҲûˤԼ˵ġ
ͷӥǱɱ˵ôŮʵ
ûд𻰡
ûػŮϱЩŹ֣ƿ˿̽ĵ磬Եʱǽֹֹ˭İô
Ů˵ɫһʱ֪Ʋἰ£
ƿЦһ£̸۴£һתƻˣ֪֣
ŮҲЩƣæЦҽҶҶҶҰˡ
Ц嵭˳ƵգƵ˵ͷҪ´ƿһʹһãЩΡ
·ˣҶһ죬ӹ﷭һëƤ£ЩȴŰɣУĴ˵úأҪҪ߶ˡ
ҪĻǴƽ˹Ҷ棬Ҳ˼̽涫û
̧ͷ˿ҶҶ֪Ҫ·æվƵҩˣǵúˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҶȥϷţ·о
ϵ˻ûãһͻᳶ˿ڣ۵һ죬о˺һƲŪëƤôġ
ƤĻƤȴĲϣϣϵһͭգеԼͷٲëͳԭʼˡ
̽һ´УûٶƱ㽫˨䣬ǵ˳ȥ

⣬һСԺ
ҶԺ˫ǰŵİ׹⣬һССĳųҶģһֻ۷䣬ϸһȴֲҪ۷СһЩ
Ҷ˫תָСӴһ׹⣬Ҷ裬ƾȵǣǳӷ裬ΧҲڲ
ǳӾȻٶȲƿЩ
ƺǸоƳˣҶæ˸ǳһᣬ̷ɻҶģһ̣ƾȵ鷢ˣǳӾȻΪһ׹⣬ֱûҶüġ
ף磬ˣƬ̣ҶͷһſڿԼ϶ʱЦݣ
ոڸʲôдֵĺ棬ƶҶʵ
Ҷûʲôֻѣ

һ㶣²⣬ҲӦǣôֵʽȴδţδ
ǸӣָҶüġ
ҶˣЦԺٸ˵ɣ˻ûãǻȥŰɣ
Ҷ˵Ҳɻ󣬲׷ˣҡͷãҵתתɣ
Ժ⿴ȥ·Ǹɽ£½źЩݣٲȻһɽկٻ˼ң뵽ߣһϤһΧĻڻָơ
ҶԣЩΪѡ
Ƽˣôˣ
Ҷһ˿ЦݣկﲻôӭˣҪ磬ҴΧתתɣ
ӭˣ
ƶ˶٣ҲΪҶҶ˵ͷȴţͨկǸʲôطִ½壿岻Ӧöܺÿ͵ô
ҶԺȥʱŤͷһۣò˵˳úÿʲôÿ·ӣҰˣҲǱһζġ

ɽɳԺ
ô
鷿ڣһкһ˿ѹֵķŭ
лɫ࣬ȥʮӢӣȴֻˣһ벻˵ڰ·˵ġ
вСų쳣Ӱͽ½㣬бƣرڵ֪ͻֹ֮󣬸ʹϧޱȡ
ͻֹǾ֤ѾҵˣΪܻͯܿջԻͣڣһжΪӰ
ӢӣһĪʧȻϵʥ֮лел;û뵽ʧô֪࣬ĻʥĻᡣ
ʦѾˣʹһȺӥǣֻܾǡ˹վǰԪGл͵
ߣͿһֱԱ߳û˵ʱȴҲƲסƿڴ֪֪ͯ˵ζʲôǰ˸Ҹ㶪ˣô˼
ͯ
ԣʱһ㶣ǳǷôĻȴپ̶˵ϡ
ʦ֣԰꣡лȰסߵŹڵսսһãȻԪG˵ɵͯ
ʲô
˶Ȼ̧ͷһֲŵлͣл͵ĻһǴǵԺը죬ͯһɣô
ͯϡ٣ɾͯöֵųǿ裬һ֮׳ϵӣⱾһʮѵ£Ѿܲˣִ½ҲҳɣѾǼޣʣȷϰ
֮ǰı֣Ҳۼ׳һǴﵽ˰˽ĲΣֵϵ裬ɣҲǲܣӦ˵Ǻпܡ


113 ǣĻʣ
ˣɫЩľȻѹлͶ˻࿴֪ͯʱǾƴһսҲὫƾȻģһλͯ˵ζʲôǾýֺͷҲ뵽
Ҳֲǣɣл̾˿̧̧֡
ʦƺͳ֣֮ڿɸǺãƽԪ
ߣ壡
лδڣһߣ͵һվ˫ȭţųŨŨĺ⣬컯֮£ȻܵҴĹף¶ҪʱĻʣưոݡ
ʦĪлȻҪ侲ö࣬ʱĻǿ϶ģԷͷĻʶҲΪСӣö
üͷһ壬ɫڵ÷࣬Ȼŭǻûʧȥǣл˵һ㶼ûսҪ˵ģսһβѪƯƣʬҰģȻżܵ˵Ĺ̫ƽģɲһСɣĻʸ߸ϣôΪɵСӣڲˣȥ忪սأ
Ĭãŵһɣ͸ЩΣʦܣѴʱʱĻʣĻɣ
л͵˵ͷһұ㶯ǰǣɽ£ʦִΪϣȻû䣬ҲǺ۸ģǽٵηݡ
ʦ
ʱԪǰһлҪ˵
лͿԪ飬Ԫ˵үʶ̫ӵĹϵ֪Ƴ£
үлһ㶣תĹֳ˸ү
ҲһɻĹÿʮٿһֵᣬھԿǰһֵ̽ҲȥһΣ٣ȴδ˵оү
Ҳǲ֪Ƕô˵ģڻҲһһͬԪ

л룬Ȼ뵽ʲôŰǰĻһܽʥ֮ûܳĪǴ棿
˸룬ʱ꣬ʥ֮Σأܻų
ԪGȥ֮ʱδˣȴһ̫ͬҲϹϾӴ⣬ӦþǴˣ
ԪôлתԱһֱĬԪ
˵ƺ;үĹϵȷʦҾү˵룬үӦûɣԪЩȷĵ
̫ˣлҡҡͷǶ°ɡ
ǣ
Ӧһ˳ȥ
鷿ھþóĬл͵̫Ѩ˼ţԪ˵ǾүйĽ飬ҲѸ㣬Ͼֿ壬ĻҪ˼ĺܶࡣ


ǡ
˴Ĺ۶һ֮׸λ룬ػɽˮƳǶ˳֮ص޴½һӣƺӡ
дƬ˵ΪξĵǣѾĹĵط
ʹ巵
ʵܣ꣬Ŀɺã鷿ڣһɫۣ䲻ӣһͷ֣ϱԵ쳣
϶ϳͷֱ𲻾õģӣö˵ȻۣǵĹˡ
һһͷ֣ڿŻʵܣⳡҪǱͨ˼ˣ϶ʮֵĹ죬ϣȴ
껱ڵĴ֣ɴ꣬ڻֵ꣬׳꣬ȴǲͬʥ֮Уиƣʦ綼ûﵽһʮ꣬˵Ѿǵ˷ꡣ
ҲԵЩϵĺӶĶ㲻ϺãҲ㲻ϻܻΪⱲӶˣȴ뻹ܵȵһգǰճѼʣ
ܻͺãȥ¾ĪҪȥˣǰ޶ţʵܻãһޱ˸̾˿
˻֣ҡҡͷʥ֮ҵ˳¶˸ǣŶ
ԣ˫һãʧ֪ǸǼþˣ޻ЧۿۣʥѰܻ꣬˼ƷǣѲк󸣣
˵ЦˣչһЦ˵γ˳øлһˡ
һ㶡
ʥп꣬þιڹճ죬ϧ²Ըҽʾ֭ҲԸۿԪܶΪ͸ˣȴ룬һλˣһһϦ֮佫죬ܼʱĵ
Ŷ֪ɵӣ
껵֮дž֮ɫǿɲ˵ģҪмߵ裬ͬʱҪֵмͻмСĸʴпҲѡ
ֻһ磬ɷбһ𼸺Ԩ֮ݡ
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ҡҡͷͲõˣ޲ηģԻʩѹ仹ˣ
ˣϱ䣬εķ廹ˣпôܣȵ²壬ͱˣǣҲ֪Ϊһˣսǲܵġ
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115 ҵˣ
д˴ʵͽ˨Щ˼ˣͷһЦֵܲÿͨկˣɲȵģҲ˨ǣ˨ӣӶС
ңҽлӣҲ㣡С˳ĵ
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һͣ㵽ʲôӦòֻһֽô򵥰ɣ
ҵݣԺлٸɣ֪ˣɶûʲôôҪǿ˵ôأҲŲôأһС͸ɣһЦСһӣһɫɳѸٷֽ⿪һˮ㣬ֱû˼֮С
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ã˳ĽǵϢȫԭһӵףС÷ӳѩнס
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˵䣬ֵһ׹⣬һ̣±˰ֽģƮںϿգһųеĺֻâѾ



116 ֮
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Ʋ²ֵڰ˵ż֮УȴԵˣʶô½ʮ֮ףԼ֪
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˵ɣҽˣҽˣ⻹ͷһᣬȷޱȡ
ԶԶȥɽµƻϡɽϴǺƵϢƬ̣תݣƿԿ϶ٶȥӵİֻҪԼʱ䣬ܸԭˡ

ΪйҶ˵ľȣգƶûеկȥֻľָƣżתתҲΧ
С÷ӳѩҽİټѪƵѾָ߰˰ˣհչǣҶСɽ·
ҶŸʳУСȴӣһϸͣӶһײӣ뵽Сʱץ֪˵
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СһЦǸͷһҪɽץȥ
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˵ţҶ̧ͷ˿죬ôʣһ϶вٱ
Ҫ˲ųƸӺ棬˵ı棬ʲô
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ƵļᷢĳҲֻөˣץʲô
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ҶҡͷΪ˵Щ࣬ڴ½޲ͬͨɽҪĶ

ˣ뵽ԺҶʽ
Ҷ˿ƣִ֪½еʿֻп֮⣬;ǣͨկһλҶ棬Ϊ޷֮һλд󱧸ˣʾʹƽߴ½Ѱ֮ͨɽé󿪣Ȼ򣬴֮ǧ괫С


117 棡
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ҶЩԺĵҶȴԶǳ˿ɱȣȻ޷дΪȴ辶
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118 ɣ
ˣһԲ¸߹ҹգŴĵ»ƺҶɽµ죬Ҷƽͨկ飬Ҳ磬СԱһûһţµµ۾ʱڲݵţڴűĳ֡
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ҶϽһ׽棬СҲعҲж
ڲݵȥҶˣһȺĵ㷱ǣƵǷһ˿ȣȴڿЦ
飬ȴ飬ɣ˼˭˼˭أǰˣһѣ
ԺֳٻӰƳ̾һԼӥ嶼ˤôߵĵطˤȥѷ˰ɣ
֪˶ãɢҶСҲջķᣬϲĳ˹
磬㿴
ҶĲӣϲ⣬װϰֻө棬ʮ財
ЦЦЩô
Ҷ˵ͷ㹻ˣ
СץļʮֻٶֻС˵Ѿ㹻ˣҶӽССƵ磬ոճʲôǺ
ɣƵ
ɣϲƵģСĺ档
ЦӦһԦɣ
ոҲֵ֮һȴû뵽յЧӲƷףӦ
ĸ˵ӣ磬ʲôôС
ɫһ
ȣ
ҶһСһۣѩȻ֪£Ըȥἰ磬Ѿץˣɽɣ
Ƶ˵ͷҶһɽС·ȥСĪͷ֪Լ˵ʲôѾԶҲϽ׷ȥ


119 ʽ
ʲôʱȥ棿ϵ¹⣬ɽ·ߣɽ·ϣʵ
ҶѾˣСĻ죬ʮգͿȥѰˣҵ
СںţŲ쳣죬ƺҶĻͦӡ
ˣ죬Լܸܲȥ֪ǲܵģߣı˻ȥ
磬ɡɲԣɲԴڸѽƵľǰҶЩ˼ĶƵ
Ҷ֪Щ֣˵׶ǲ֮ܣ׽ˣ
Ԧٻ棬˵ٻӣǳ˵һӣ׽ôҲô
ƣҶЩ֪ƻ᲻Ӧ
Ƶ㲻Ӧôոûмף
ҶˣӦֻģⷢսûǸ¼ף
Զ˶٣Цһ׳ðɣ
лл´磡ҶԶʱϲ
ҵľˣһӶѣлʲôư˰֣ҹˣǿЩȥɣ·Сģ
Ҷ˵ͷСɽկȥ


ڴϣƳ˿ǿ۽ˣ벻ɽ֮Уô塣
ͨկλ棬һλǻ֮ˣ뵽ķԼֻ뵽ıǣȴֱӱܿ˸ǵƣһ辶ипѣ֮ʿ಻ʤ
˫̨ۣźƮŵҳֽЩɻ󣬷ɽϣɡʱԼо֪һƹâûֽУֽһ£ֳɡܿаʧ쵽ΪǴ
֣֣
˼Ȼҳֽȴû˿ķӦΣֻܰеɻϢһӴȡֽʣΪҶдס

ǣʹ
챦ߵ£һΪףӣл߽鷿ϥǰ
ͣµ̧֣ͷ˿ƽɣ
л£
껵ôˣн
ӵ£ѳ壬ʮ֮һӥӥü֮ޡ
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껵üͷšۣһһӥüȻȾָҴģֱ֪
һݣΪʮͳ˧֮
£ڸδãʵ
룬һ⣬˸ӥüȥ佻ˣǲȻض
ּ
ٴεϥء

ڴƣ֪Ϊʧ٣ĻʶҪ嶯ˣȻҪ̣ǲܵģҲֻǴˮ̶ѡ
ôѣƽδ
ƶ͵ƹâ£ưʥ˳ĵۻʷ䳲ȡ˳ȻӸռ˴롣
ʧˣֱҲûһѲ񵶣׼򿪳Ѩȡʽ
Χŷ䳲תһȦƾǲ֪ôӺδ֣ðѡ׼һλã䳲ȥ
յĻָҽ÷ӳѩİ£ƵѾָˣʵҲָ߰˲㣬ǻϰ죬Ž䳲ƿ

˱ǣһƿ䳲һ㵭ɫĹ״ʣ֪Ƿۣ촽ЩΣֱָһ㣬Žִеζ
䳲ģһ̯ɫ֭Һڻ֮쳣ҫۡ
ʽ
˿ڿˮȻô࣬Ҫ֪ЩǵۻʷķʽЩۻʷ仹Ǵﵽ޾ģƷ࣬ԲǷƷ
㣬ֻһڣоҪһ㣬Ͻȡ׼õվƺʼռʽЩö̹¶˿ɲá
ܿ죬ƹһմϵ֭Һθ

ڶȴһںĶӷʽԱߵһ׶˳
еۻʷڳѨһѨﻹеۻʷ䣬ԼôƻǵĳѨ͵ǵķʽǲúԼ
ϸһȴֻ֣ۻʷ֮ǰĵۻʷ䲻ͬ񳤳ģ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ̣ܶʷʵģ뵽˺
󣿡
һ㶣ִַֻĵۻʷ䣬һⳲѨķˣ
վڷ䳲ϣĿŷʽȥ֪ЩʽǷȺ׼ʳ벻Ȼš
һͷƵԺɣһȺԣֻҪƿ˷󣬱ƿȺڷȺȻûˣǷڣҳѨﻹδķӼ׼һ̲˵ģڿ󻹻ţʱ͸ı⡣
ЩӵܷԼҵһԦʹȺӣԦʹȺһ㣬ۻʷȺΪãա
ʥ֮УһȺۻʷ׷һȺ˼ɹֻӵķݣܰһȺͽΪԼұۣʦϣҲݱܷâҪǣһȺۻʷ䣬Լûзʽô
֪ɳչĺôƱ˼ȡʽͷЩӼʳõķҲûȡСĽԼķ䳲һãӼܳɹܽ䳲޸á
ѷ䳲ս˴ԺһὫһУѾͷ󺹡
װʽǸƺ˵һأźһᣬʱ泩ë׶չ



120 ӥü
Ʒһ㣬ζѣʱʳָ󶯣һСӣҨһ׳Ž
۾ϸϸƷζᵽʲôеζ壬ִɱǰԹκζˡ
ڸǺã֮Ƽ̱ľϣĿϢ
ķʽ˳ź£ܿ츹бȼһɵ˳ž֫ٺǽȪһ쳣
һų̊ȥǴ߶һƵɫ̶תΪһɹɾĺעС
ʽζ⣬һƷ˳Ҫʱ򣬷ʽȴüʱʳգ岻ָܻʵӦû

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壬ɽ֮һƬӵĹһڣһɫ£ϵİüߣ͵Ľеһ˵ϣŭݱ֡
ԱһͺУæǰʰϸ˿üʱһ˿𺣬̫ҪҪСȥŵʹˡ
һСආѣȥɣüһ̧֣ȥ
ǣ
йӦһ˳ȥ
һӴһ߽˴һߣ̹˹ݼ⹫
һϳǰϤʹǣֳ°ٵ꣬Ϊ⹫λߣʮ֮һλޱȵӥӥü
̧ͷһӥüɫ粻пһ£Щ
⼸նȥʲôطˣӥü¶ɫʵ
ûûȥĶӥüںڵǿ֮£𲻸̧ͷЩİ͡
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ӥüȻһŵͨһ˵ϡ
һУǷŷɻӥüУӥüݺݵĽˤڰǰԼɣ
˲ͷ亹ϽţŻŵĿһ飬ɫ䣬ŭߣһɣ³ʱĻˣ⹫ĻҲ̫ǷˣȻ־ӸµĿֱд
ô˵ԶʵˣӥüۿŰ
ŭһҽӻ
ǰô˵ģ֣֮ȻȥĹεôӥüŭ֮䣬·𱸰£ǵİһ㡣
⹫Ϣŭһɣ˵ĹʥȥЩʵЩҲǣҶûô֣ǶѾˡ
榵˵ˣʲôˣĶӥü
ԣȴһ˿ŭЩƽĵҵȷץˣȴ㶪ˣӥץȻӥڶûл
ǾˣӥüɫһĿڰһɨץ˶첻ɣ˵ʲôã榵Ҫˣ˵ô죿
˶⹫СС壬ѵǻɣҪǷˡ
ߣ˵ɣҲ˵ĦʵȲĹǰͲǿսںͱӣϷǵĵ̣ӥüɫ࣬ܵľʲôˣ
ˣϽֻСɵСӣֹڶѡ
ô򵥣ĻʣȻΪСɵĵӣųԣҪ忪սӥüȻš
룬⹫ȻֻСɵĵӣǣһСӣȴʩչط

ӥüЩɻĿŰ𣬱Ļһ˿档
Ͻ⹫ɼǵôԳ
Գʥ֮һǰУ᲻֪ӥü
Գһ̫ҼСӱʩչž
˻棿
ӥüԣ˫֮һ˿ɫԱͺҲһľݡ
ǧȷ
æ˵ͷҪȻôĽС°
ץ򵥰
ӥüüͷһഫ̫ΪʥˣԳôף̶ǧʱ䣬޳֤֮׼ʥλʥ֮һֻϧǰԳʿΧҲ֮ʧ
Ȼ˼䣬֪ӥüжôļܹõףܳΪڶԳ
ôܰ˸㶪ˣݵӥüתպޡ
æͷӥüӣ⹫ʱԷʦһʱ£ӥץȻٵ󣬿ǵһŷ֣ӥûҲ֪ǲףԸˡ
ᣡӥüҡҡͷӥûǸңδΣ֪Ϊ϶ˣ˼ȻףȻ֮ȥҹ
˵ͷҲ֪ӥߵ·ζһ񣡡
ĬƬ̣ӥü⴫䲻Գ֪Щӣʵɽϣ׼ڵߡ
ǣæ
ȥɣӥüһ֡
ɴ⣬Ӧһæȥ
ͺ죬ֹ
ӥüһ˿𺣬ţףȻðͷ֮գȾ䣬ðͷ׽٣
Ļôˣָδãͺӵ
ӥüһ˿ȣҪҲ˽УѲҿս
ǣ
ͺԣҲһȻûʵ۷УȻżĦ̫ƽóȻսģսҪǵģɱˡ


121 ˣ
ͨկ
֣ôûͷ
ϵѾȫָڷʽ£Ǿ˲٣ľ⣬ۼɫɽ·ϻҶͷӰЩɻ
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Ҳ֪СһҵûУСô౱棬һֻӦҲѰɣ
ѵùеӣѾˣƲûд뿪׼ͨկЩٻĹһԳʱ䣬úоһ¼еףһ棬ͨկ֮Ǳʮֵĺġ
Ҷ֮˵ô棬Ҳѹƻᶯģлѧϰ֮ԸⳢһ£ϾֵɷѾﵽһ磬ɴ֮ѰһЩ򣬴Ӷ
ףƶйһЩԣ˵ֻҪھŽ£ʹЩҲܵǣŽϵӣɾͳˡ
֮ǰһںĶЭ֮£֮ڹ¿סѹſҪ֪˶ֹڣʱͻʦĴڣΪ˰׳ʱûٳ
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ǾΪ򣬼Ȼԭ޷ʩչǾͽΪףϵ裬˵û̫Ѷȡ
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Դ뷨֮죬ƶ˸д֮ϣҲСջ

ɫİƻǲĵƹдʮļףӵȽĸߣЩѶȣѾ˺üֽš
ӿԽӦսˡǸһ˻һ룬Ȼһ紵̧ͷȥŲ֪ʱ紵ˡ
ôˣ
ոЩңѾھˣҶûиͷвЩġ
еëʣ׼ȥţߵſڣȴԼԼɽ´һӡ
Ժӱϣɽ¿ȥֻկܶкö˴Żһۣɴ˶Ϊ̫ԶҲ֪կ﾿ʲôֻǸоկЩҡ
϶ǳˣ
ҶôûͷЩʱկֳ㳡Ȼǳ£üͷһҪȥȴ뵽Ҷľ棬կﲻӭˣ֪կ﷢ʲô£ҲóȻȥ
ˣ
·ԽԽӣеģҧҧҶľ׵ԺսʩչӰһ㣬ɽͨկȥ

ͨկһ㳡
𣬷ſң
㳡һߵʯ̨ʯ̨һ߸ߵͭʱͭȴһֵһСк
ſңҪɱǣ
кŭţ˻Ŀһ㣬ϵöֱ죬ʱѳһСӾȻô
ʯ̨ΧΧһȦˣŻѣ㳡мʯ̨϶Ѳ˶ʯ̨ǸкͶȥһĿ⡣
峤㣬ŹҵĶӰɣ
ʯ̨Զһ帾һھ׳ǰӵȣţֻһҾݡ
˿ʯ̨ϵкȥУͬҲһ˿ɩɣûõģ޷ı䡣
ȾСɣôСһԵҶѾ档
꺺ҡͷһ̾εĵܾȵĻΪһô
ȥҰүүҶҪ뿪
꺺һסûõģСѾħԣҺλϺûܽħСƳȥҶ׳Ҳûá
ܵģѵôɱСŸʮ갡ͷŹɣҶ޵滨꣬ҲԱǸһ꺺ӵǰ
ӱ۾һ治ңڵСѾǰСˣѾħƣʱɱħկӴֻġ
Ҷûл˵ˣֻᡣ
㿴˭ʶˣɱҲǶһֽѣָűʯ̨ϷСҶ
Ҷͷȥˮһζ
峤Ѿ׼ˣʱ˨˹ŹڵϵҶҲǿˮ
ӵ˵ͷֱߵʯ̨ǰ̧ͷŰʯ̨ϵССҲ֪˵ûǲãʲô治ңƫƫһֻħҲ֪ܲҺͼλѾˣΪ˲ӴֻֻѡһѻͬеħһͨկĺжţҲͬΪģ

ӵĻʯ̨ϵСţĳ﷢һֲ˻ûĻѾˡ



122 ħԣ
һ֣վһߵ˨ԥһ£Ļѽӵϡ

Ҷһ˹ȥС˵ͬ׵ܵһôСǻ治ȥ
˨ӣȥӹĵһ
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˨һ峤ͳ϶ûа취Сħ޾ȣ㿴Ƕʶˣ峤ôҲΣ߰ɣˣ
˵ţ˨ɷ˵ҶԱȥһĳ϶ֲܿԸȥ˵ҶˣۿСп϶һӵӰġ
Ҷͷűʯ̨СֹסʣΧĴһҲǰ̾ѣϳܶ˶Ŀô˵СֻǸӣСųΣĿȥ
ҪҲֻܹŪˣ궼ײһε飬ȻСײˣ
СҪִ󲮣ҲΣ㸸ĸ󲮻չ˵ģӳ̾һеĻֱʯ̨Χĸɲȥ
ſңǶȥСţеԹ׺ݣֱ˲
ۼӳѣ˶̵ı۾
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Ҷ˻ߣҪȥСȴ˨ţʱ·һͣˡ

Ҳһʱ̣ڰһӰ֣ͷӹһʯ̨ǰ˳һ֧ҪصĻѽС

㳡һƬţ
ΨһֻСǿֲĵͺ˶סˣһ㵵ĿǰͻȻֵİӡ
磡
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ߣЩҲ̫˰ɣȻôСĺӶŹΧȺˣݻӣŭ졣
սկ㿴С˰ʯ̨ϣ׼ֿ̣ǰҲֻڵӾȴҳ̵ֿĻһ¶֪Сֻһ˲䣬жͨկӡۿۣȫһȺҰˡ
Ƶʣüͷһ£ÿ
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᣿üͷһšɻĿҶ
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ոտڣҶѾʵ˵˨ӹͷСħԣʧǣ峤ҲΪֻ֮аͬħһҪȻͨկֻġ
ħԣ
һ㶣СȥȻǷ˲ͬСɫ࣬ݣһͷ˶ɵĶǣ촽ԼҧƣմѪΪǿ񱩵ҪҲճһֲѪۡ
ѪӣͫƵ˵׺ݣȫǰǸͷԵСˡ
峤ͼλϾȣûܽħƳֵܣ㻹Ǳˣ俴Сħƣħ񣬻ھѡ˨ҧ´ǿŲˮۿ
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ģ£Ҷˡ
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ӵƣѻѸңﲻ£Ͻ뿪ɣ
ƶ˶٣ûд𻰣תСһۣʱôܹԹۡ
ħʲôǲֻҪħƳܾСʵ
ӵ˵ͷҶħı壬ΪټҵͼλүүûܽСħƳ
䣬κ;
ҿԣƵ
㣿
˶ƣӸһɡ
һࡢаħһԣɫ
ӿƣƺϾǸˣܱ֤ƾǺξģΪ峤ҪΪͨկǧ
԰ɣ粻ẦСģҶƵĻȴȼһ˿ϣץסһһ㣬ӵ½
峤ֵһ԰ɣа취˨
峤㣬ŹӰɣСĸĸ˹ѿ޳ˡ
ðɣԥƬ̣ʮֽĶƵԣòҪʲô


123 䣡
΢΢ףʵǷͬ⣬һԡ
ȡ٣ʯ̨ǰ̧ͷССü˵
𣡡
ӦƵһСԵ쳣Ŀ꣬ϵýģѪ׺ݵı飬˲
СȷûʶˣƱϸϸԺйһ顣
˵ĿⶼƵϣȻǶΪﲻ峤λϿɶǳʦĸ֣λʦ޷ɵǣһֹôɣǣǸжϣϾѡĻûԸ⿴С
ﬣﬣﬡ
𣬻صڹ㳡֮ϣƵ˫֮ϻţճһ򼱻򻺵Ƣľˮ֮һ̾Ϣǳ¶󻨰꣬ͷҡ
䣡
һ׷հʮϡ򸲻ֽɷ̥аࡢ׻ʹɷ߱ܡ
Ҳ⼸ƲŸո׳óԭȽĸߣֻ˸ףﵽĲΣȴ֪ܷЧƵҲЩ
൥βϣңȴܹһȻɣ໥ĽڣȻ徻ľ磬ƻ˵ﵽеаħͷơ
ƶ㳡˵ĿⶼոջӺԹߣʧ
ڣ˵жһ˿ȣΪǷ֣ʱʶе涼á
죬һȪϻֻע֫ٺȫƮƮأްƮƶˣİ֮ϣ󳪣ඥ˵ĳ졣
Χָ⣬ΪһƵɫƮʯ̨ϵСһɫĹȦͷţĳˢС塣
Сʱޱȿܵ˺ҧƣһȦĳˢСİȻȻһͺ𣬲ԽԽ
ƼЧҲĵĵҪһħСƳ
ģ㱼䣬һλ︧٣ܶ˵ﶼһ˿ɲǰׯ϶£治
ãԽԽͣϸŶֹ

Ƴĺһ˲ͷĺˮ̧ͷʯ̨ϿȥСԴѾû˶Ψؿڵ֤š
ϧѾȫվûܽʲôħСƳ
ಣ
һӰͻȻڸ̨ϣϸһԭߣ뷢ףҲǴһɫĺƤ£²Ⱦһ˿ɫ˵ĵȴûƵ˿ע⣬ʵҲ򵥡
׳ϣ
˻عʯ̨ͷһ
ȴûˣֱߵСǰֽСմѪյ̧ĲƤ˿СԭѾ࣬Ҳƽȡ
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ƣǰ
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Ҷף߸˸ǳİ룬Сֵܷ֪࣬ʲôӣ
䣡ˣֱӵ
ʱҶ˹үүСɺˣ
ҶҡҡͷתƵȻʱѹСеħ棬վα겻αѹƲ˶ãٶ񣡡

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ոʩչ䡱ȷܶסħ棬ڳ˶ҶҲ⣬а취ħƳǲǾСǽͨկǧ⣬˵ڳ˵жϣ
Ȼֹֻڵľ磬֮кܶ˶в磬Ƶˣ˵а취ء
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124 ħ洫˵
կһҪկߴľݣ峤ҶլۡͬҲҶļңҲǸող֪ԭҶĸ׾ǳ峤
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Ҷҡͷһ̾ҲʼδǰСӽϹѰ棬˳Ĵһֻ棬ɳɳͯȴ룬澹һֻħ棬ֱӰСһģ
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㷽˵а취ȳСħ棬ģ⳶ԶҶֽ˻


125 Ƶ
Ҳ˵֤Ҳ߰˷ְգƲÿɷ񣬡ҷʩչֻļףʱ䣬׼þףӦⲻӣһȴ޷ͬʱʩչʱλǰկѡһͨյҺܸ࣬һɱƳСħ档

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ҶԣһЦǰĵǣ̻ΪӰҲ֪ΪΣǸС
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126 ߽׾ף
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127 ࣡
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ܰԣپǰϴһ˿ϲɫЩǵĵһҪʤˣҲϲô죿
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պץֻ棬׼ҶȥͨկĽϹֿǰҶҶ˨Ը
Ҷ˨ͷվһԵóҶ仰ʵ˵ġ
ҲƣһֱվԱߣҶཻ꣬ŸһҶկȥ
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ⶼһˣȻ˶ߵò죬·ȴԶƵԤˣϹֱϾͨկĴ֮أӦòͨկ̫Զǡ
˨ֵʯͷϣһձڴڵĿţǺԶǲԶҲʱ䣬ߣ֮ǰһܵ

Ʋ˲ڲ磬ߵǻж೤һ·һɽ·Ѿܵˡ
ҶЦ磬˨˵ǰӥӥûԶܵϹˣһҪϲŻȥҲֻɵţúһ;ķ羰
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ող̤УЩȻʧˣһƬţΧĺڰϢΨһģֻԼĽŲʹϢĻ˲ëȻ
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ˣҲ˶ӣǱںڰ֮Уעһֻֻںڰľ飬ĵȴĳ֡



131 ʧ棡
һӣӡ
˴ͷҲκĿ֣ЩөԽԽɢԽԽԶˡ
Щסˣôûõȵʲôʱ򰡣
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ҵҲ˵ôȥٹʮ꣬ͨկһ͵ö˴УҶ֮䣬ʮֵĵǡ
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ҶˣȻҹÿ꣬ҵͳǶϹֲ̽ΣնһĳԽԽ٣үү˵СʱϹѰ棬ֻų棬һʱ̣ͻкܶɳģڣǾһϣҲû֣ЩСһƺС˺ܶࡣ
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132 
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Щ㵣ƽʱԼôٻСﶼûκεķӦôˣֵôĪǷʲôö
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133 䣡
ȣϲԳӣ׼ζĳӣңӴ棬һҪ֤ǾҵĳҪĿζ
ѾˣԺеֽţҶ˨ڻԵϺ˯
ӣǵǺð죬Ҹôץڵ֣ƵĿȫһٿȫ飬ʲôƵġ
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ֻ˵ǶеĶЩգڵһЩ񻰴˵֮õһЩֻƬִڴ˵е񣬻û˽⡣
ֵӦֵһ޶֮½һֻ洳·һǴʣʮ죬Ϊжߣֻһǧ꣬ÿʱһֿϲ״̬֦ѳһѣ質ʱȼѣԷ٣»Ϊһոµѣ
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ƻûü䣬һŴֵƮֳɼƹâû֮Уǻζһ£ƱоһʮӴϢԺ֮УһɢѸٵƴһһ׻ɬ׻͡
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ʱѾˣ±һŰֽƯںϿգκѾûκηӦ
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һѣֱץһ룬ƶûзӦ˨ѾӼŽڴڵĽ
ѽ˨磬׼ǶģôˣҶ

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ȴЦˣ԰ɣһЩǣȻյǣ϶ҲܰǶˡ
˨ԣʱҶˣ¾ͰѷӼˣһĻİٱۻʷķӼϷʽԵ˼伫ƷʣͲϹ

ƵڴУҹĻܿ콵٣ϹֽһǵңӰĵǱϹ֡
磬ô죿ҶƵ



134 Сȸ
Ҹطն
Ǵ߶ڰУֻһ⣬ڵϹ֣ȴһƬá
ƵĽŲԶ룬ҶЩ磬Ķ
𶯣ҷնȥһ仰Ʊǰȥ
ôܾĺתһҲûټҲˣȡ׼õķӼһ·һ߻صҶ˵ߡ
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Ƶһ仰ָֻƽţģֻ˵ĺ
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ǻڴУʱһһĹȥʽζɢû񣬷ȴ˲ϳ档
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Сθڻ治
ֻȸͣʳϵնޱȣЩɶǸ׼ģȴû뵽ֻȸҡ
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һͷԺЩǻػרΪЩССϣǲڵģǰֻȸȻǹ죬Ҫ˵СһǴ˵еһš
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ûԥսʩչ׷£ƾһֻһӴƮԳٶȣŵֻõȸȥ

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һצץȴ˸գû뵽СȸٶȾȻô죬Ȼ֮
վΣ̧ͷȥֻȸȻû뿪ǰų򣬶ŭĿӡ
ͬʱ˨ȼ˻ѣΧĺڰƿȥֻͬȸвһ£֮ǰ˵ʵ
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135 ɶ
СȸĹΪңһʱҲ޷׽ãƴ˿ǳǰֻòȸֿеˡ
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136 磬ҲҪ
ȻһЦҪ˵ǣǲҵľǣǣڿͻΪݹˡ
ҶֺǺǵЦͽһһ춨ڤڤⰲţ磬ҵͳүү֪׸ץˣ϶ܸ˵ġ
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ɶƵļͷһˣΪмĽ
Ҷ˨Ŀⶼɶϣ֮ǰСһеңе涼һߣϾ컶ˡ

һ磬ɶƵļͷƶߴߴĽѣƿֻͨСȴǹЦݡ
ëɫ̣ͺͨȸûвۼСһǿҲ϶Сһ˵ˡ
һϸĹ۲죬Ľ쳣⣬Ҳһ֮ͬСһȻ߸ϸСıǿףÿС׶ܷȫڡ
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ʶɻڳ˯Сصģʲô֪Ҳ֪ʲô·
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磬ҲҪҶһĿ
һģҶ仰ȴ̲ס档


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137 ܷµţ

磬Сȸ಻ܻʮ꣬ôѡôĸСް
СȸⶼûУȻܵõƵѱΪޣСЩѽ⡣
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ƣû˵ۼֻȸα뺷ģ˨ûи߹ˣСȻҲ֪ɶСС£һǿɽ֮ǰǽġ
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Цһ䣬һУɶַɵϡ
ɶ˿Сµؿڣû뵽ԼȻᱻһֻСȸŵˣҶһͣ͵Ц

󣬼λϴϹֻˣλϵȷϣϹ棬ȷҪǰԾ࣬һŲ飬ȷѾųϹѾʼա
կĴ㳡ϣȼ˸߸ߵҹȻЩկ˶˷ܣǧ˶ۼһΧظ裬ףһʷԵʱ̡
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ģǱնɱֻĽӥӥӴѾ㹻ڳĴǾһˣǿĽӥЩһӶȲһڵģο˵Ƶĸ
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ƺҶһһ͸裬һ죬Ҷ˨˵£ŤŤ˹
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˵Ĳͨկѵ֮ˣɴִҶĸ˸°룬ۿƣ涸Ȼһת䲻ƣѧҲû취
ŶǰԸҴ˶ʱһϲѵҶԸΪԼ
ҶֺǺǵЦЦĵ㲻֮ˣѧִȻǲܵģǳͨկˣҴִǾͲƻˣ

һ㵣Ҷ׵ֲ̫ԤУæ̵ǰ󣡡
ҶǰԻϲҶָָ⼸ô
Щ̫ףԣͷ˺ߣѾŲµҶ˵ʲôˡ
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ҶЦһ䣬ɲ֮ʮ귽Ǵ껪Ҳѵʼ֮䣬еŵСɲ٣ͷҲҪƤˣС㣬ͨկŮǼϼһؽڣ㿴
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Ҷԣȴҡҡͷ⻹õôԹŶǸĸ֮ݵԼ
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ɷģկ˵ĻЩõģŮ볤Ҳ顣
ҶΪ˿ڣϻһ˿ЦݣȻͨկʱ䲻ǾЩӵദҲó˺ǲ̶̼ռ䣬ͨկ⣬ǶͨկдܽͨկٺòסķҲΨˡ
ǰ㲻ض˵ˣûǸֻ֣ܶлǰ⡣ƴҶ׵Ļ
仰ȴҶһˮҶЩ⣬ΪʲôƯô
ô᣿ѩޥģԼ⣡
ҡҡͷ˵ʵڻҶȻֻʮ꣬ǳͤͤ˵Ǹ˻᲻ģǾϹбעǲᱻССĴկסһġ
ʲô⣿ĪҲǳ壬ǣҶɫ
ˣæңƲǣǰִֽ̳أʮ꣬ʵ̫Сˣʮ껹ֻǸӡ
կвʮĹﶼˣȻС治֪˵ЩʲôãҶ̾˿ʱ˿̣Ҳˣͨկġ


138 ϲ㣡
һԭ򣡡ƶ˶٣׼գ뿪ͨɽˡ
ҪشģҶ׵
ǣǿЦһ£ϾҼң
ֻҪ£ңҶ׵
ҡҡͷᶨĵǰԣһҪȥġ
˼ҶҲֻ̾˿˼ԵЩζĬ
ͨկǸõطɽˮ㣬ƵĵǺԸ£ǿǰ𱨳ѩޣͱҪȥ
ң˵ףҲɵˣ٣ɽļңʱӥ°ߣҲ֪СǺˣҪȥܷģ˳㣬ҪųʱֳѶ
ĸڹ㳡ϿվþûصҹԽԽҶһͷźںڵҹգ˼Ҳ֪Щʲô

㣬һȥ
峿¶ʪ̲Ҷ֮£һſűʯ貵Ĺ⻪СԼҶȴҶںԺһ֦Ϸ
ҶͷСһۣûд𻰣ȥƺЩ䡣
Сһƣְ˽ŵҶǰŹֵĿҶ㣬㷢ʲô
ҶСһۣЩ͵ĵҪˣ
ʲô˭˵ģСһľȡ
үү˵ģ
ҶԼĻһ䣬ҶװƵ̸˵ˣһҹû˯ţһƬҡ
Ȼദ̶࣬ѾĪĺøУҲһָоֻǾúһܿġ
ǰС˨һҲÿģǣһĸоȴ̫һƣܻǣңʱҲεָоεۻĺ
˨˵£ò׹ȥ裬ͨկķΪɾŮӸˣֻûϵƻʱȻЩʧ䣬԰οԼˣͨկķף֪߲֡
Ҷ׸˵ƵʱҶȻɬлǺܻϲģֻǣҶĻȴһĳ˹ȵס
Ҫ뿪ͨկˣʱҶϢкȻ޵ĳ嶯Ȼϵôһ죬ȴû뵽һô졣
ɣ˶ôСԾĵƶо֮Ҳǲ뿪ġ
ѾˣҶҧҧ촽
С˶٣վߣ㣬ȥһ£ôأ
ԼȥɣҲȥҶһ˿ðűһ仰Ҳ֪治Ըƣ¼֮Σ
ɣҪȥСûҶӦѾһûӰˡ
Ҷɫ˽Сһ䣬˼ֻһ£СôͲ֪ȰȰأ

磬Ҫô
ԺߺȻСһһէ˫ְסңȻֹȥϴ΢Цͷ󺹵ģ嶼ô
˼˯˼Ѿָ˲٣СȴЩֱٶʵ磬˵Ҫˣô
ӣͦ˵ģƵ˵ͷȤ
ûأС˼һ£ôҪߣô
ССļ򣬡оɢҲ̫黳ֻҪúûţͻټ֮ա
ǡʹ˵СҲǧ㲻Ը죬ȴֲ֪˵ʲôźá
ж㣡ʾСһ£漴ݡ
СһԲĸƵʮֵĵ䣬Ҳ֪Щʲô
ƴһžͲ״İֽݵСϣħԣȻұƳħ棬ҵħʲôǡ䡷ף֮пվͶɵӾϲħԣ⣬ڰ׳ϣպħΪƾ֮
лл磡СԴʶһ£ǵ
Сļ򣬡ж᲻ᵯҪЩɳ
СᣬʮĿƣһ죬Ҳǿߵģ
һȴˣӵǿߣ
Сǿߣֻǿ߲ŻôŮϲСĵ
ǰ仰ƻ̹õͬʱЩСŵĺ仰ȴƱһѪ
磬һҪ㣡ףСصĴյƵߡ
Ŷ㻹ʲôܣƹŹֵСһۣоһЦ
СɷнµĵҲϲ㣡
ۣ
Ǳˣ˭㽲Щ
ԼģС
ƼһֽСͷһ£Сƨʲô
ҲŲСƨҶʮˣСЩƲƲ죬ҪǲţԼʰȥ
ܺӣںȥңƶͷźϽСƳ⣬ҶûкСһټҹҶ˵ǷҲЩʲô

峿
ֵܶˣ㲻ȥУ
緹ҶӣҶĬһ£Ҷʵ
Ҷ˶٣֮ɫȴûлشҶĻ
Ҷ̾˿ҪǲȥԺҲټˣ


139 
կ⡣
·ԣ˨СǰУկſڿ˿治ҶӰвЩʧ
岻ʣûֵܣƥ˨ǣһƥߴ׳һ߰ƵһΪҶš
Ҳ֪ҶǲԼˣǣǿЦһ£ӹ˨˨ֵܣЩӣлǵչˡ
˨ҡҡͷ·;ңԶԼ·Сģͨɽ㾶ֱȥպܽĹˡ
磬㻹ôСʵ
ԵԻۣƵͷһЦǶȥɣˣ
ֵһ·ƽ˨
ټһģСĵ
ڣ
կڿ˿ɲҶǰвһ̾ǲˣƱǣתҪȥ
磡
ƽҪʱԶԶһƻͷȥϲųһ˿ЦݣˣСԼأ
Ҷկſ˳ﻹһ
磡
ҶЩܵǰƿ˰죬ȴ֪˵Щʲô
ߣ˨С
СƲƲ죬Ҫ磡
Сӣ治Ǽٲ˨Сͷһƣȫһı顣
Ŷ
С۾ƺҶתתȻ㣬һӻعҲƵˣ̾ͱ˨Ю뿪ˡ
ҶƺûʶС˵ȥֻǿƣв֪һζ
Σ
ƿС뿪סȴֿ˿ڣʱʣҶˣоЩʡ
һΪ㲻أƸЦһεա
ҶԣŻعӳ´ʤջĿ⣬æеİƵϣ磬Ҹ㱸һЩ·ϳԡ
лл
ЩȣװӦЩʳвЩжҶȦСûô˯ðɡ
ҶͷԼظʧȥ˫Щִ٣֪δţһ̧ͷӭƵĿ⣬磬һҪôǲǰүүĻ㡭
ҡͷҶĻͷϹˣذ׳ϵ¡
Сﻹ˼Ҷ£ŵˣżҪ뿪ġ
Ϊʲô£Ҷҧҧ촽Щ̣Ϊʦô
˻ԵʱһֱʦãҶǸʦãƵˣЩӣÿ£ƶ˸У´еʲôʹһֱûʡ
ƶҪ뿪ˣȴҲ̲ס˳֮ǰҶ˵ΪԼ̫СˣⲢƲԸµɣҪ֪Ѿʮˣѳ꣬ƲԸ£϶ΪǸʦá
ʱ˿̣ҶжƿǸδıʦã˺ۡ
ˣȴǣǿĿЦһ£Ҳô˵ɣһΣʦһѣҽһȴȴƶˣ桭
Ҷסˣһֱûи˵£û뵽ƿǸʦãȻѾˡ
Է壬Ӵ󣬵ǣ˳ܲԣұҪ뿪ĶҶţҶӦ顣
ðΣҶŵ˵ͷɲᣬ磬㲻ܶôˡ
ҵˣõģҡҡͷ
綼Ҫ뿪ģ߲ߵĺãСԽԽʱԼҲ᲻뿪ͨկ˿ɲá
Ҷҧ촽һӳĬһ뵽һ𣬿ҲѼƣоĪĿ
˫Ҷļ򣬡òᣬԺʱ䣬ǵġ
磡
Ҷѣ˳ԽƵĻ
ƻһлҪ˵ȴоҶ΢΢ʶţѹֵĿҲˣҶ磬ĵйС
Χû˿ҪȻȴǵˣпЦҶôһŪҲζȻֻж̶һ£ǣͨկ⼸գúܿģ⣬ûгɱûйĶǣֱһƬ
þúþãҶſסԼȻǿػΪŮӣر֣ʶԼʧ̬æƵĻ˳
ϣڣ磬ٳЩһȥģ
ˣãã޴½Ҹ̸ףգúУҴӦ㣬Ժ϶ٻ
Ҷʮĵ˵ͷһǣǿЦݣ粻ñ޴½ȵ𣬵ʱ绹ô
ƺ˺ȻЦɾͽ㼪ˣ
壬һġҶ񣬿ȥƻƵġ
ɽľݣЩףпտȥǿҲˣ͸ټ֮ʱɱʧƵ
ҹʳӥ֮Ҷ㽫ӥڵƣϾӥɱģܺһһѾ㹻ǰڵȴ
ò˵ɽկ˺ܴӣҪǻɣ˵ڵˣ¾һƺϡ
뿪ʱƱϵҶ²ԼУԾ˷ţӥڵһЩ˰ɽľݣǸһл
Ҷĵ˵ͷȡһµĶذ磬УҳʱүүΪƵģҰ͸㣬ϣһ·ƽ
ллˣƶƬֽ̣˹Ϊ֪ҶóĶǿ϶ջȥġ
磬·ҪСģʶҪ뿪ˣҶЩɶҪչ˺硣


140 ̩ɽգ
󣡡
ɶƵļͷҶҲ֪ǲڴĻ
ҲЩȥɣ
̧ŵһ̤Ҷ޶ȥ
磬һ·˳磡
Ҷֱ̧̧֣ƵӰʧɽ·ľͷŻķþõԭأһ̣Ҷļʱ·ͣһ㡣

ɽ
һ߽˺ɽݣʦֿڣ
ƿҩ˳лվҩԣ̧ͷǽǸ֡
£ϴһ˿ɻлͿǺطġ
л΢΢ףǴϢϮԪǣץƺͳģӥü
壿üͷһϱüȺ̫
л̾˿ʮУӥüթ֮ĦǸֱǲ𰡣
л͵Ļ˵ΪأʮĻʶҪɵССˣһξɢǻǸȥ𣬵ǣ浽ʮӴֻͽκΡ
ĻʿӦߣ
šüͷʵȻЩ嶯ǲ³çвؾȻҲ֪ĦжôĲǡ
лҡҡͷĻ߹Ҫףûʱ㼦ëƤСˣ
Ĭ
ͨԪսɣ֮ȴҪȥĦһ⣡Σ
Ҳ˵Ħ׼ͯ°ˣְ·ɱΪȫһĶ⣬žžĴɵϣССɣҲ۸ģǾʹʲô¶ûзպ޽㣿
µֻô룿һµӶ޷۸Ҫõɣõǰ
ʦ֣л죬ҪȰһȰ
Ħ£ĻʿΪǿɲƾ¯ͨԪҵʵٽһ㣬ĦȻգҵʵԱݡ
ʦ֣ĦǸƣݴ廹ɾĸ򡭡лҲ²ô׵ĽҹˣĦҪ˵ضʮգǳ⣬ƱҪ˥ˡ
˰֣һ˿ĺâҪˣʦҿҩĸ֣жҪĦ븶ۣ
Ĭ죬лûٳȰȴĳأͨԪҪòܳɣ
໹Ҫ£


һ·̳Ҳʶ·ֻƾŸоߣ˨˵ͨɽһֱߣͿԽĹݣͣͣգ߾
һΡĴɽסƵȥ·Ӹе֪ǰɽһʮϤ֣֮һ̩ɽ
޴½ܶطʶﲻв׳Ļƺӳȵȣȵȡ
Ʋ֪̩ɽ͵ϵ̩ɽûϵǣɽΰѾ˿ʵǹ̩ɽˣǰ̩ɽǴ½ԶĶ̩ɽҲԴɽΪ硣
̩ɽɽ붫ɽݺƣֻҪ̩ɽԶĹƽأ˹أĹˡ
̧ͷȥʷаӶ̩ɽ֮ߣ󣬼ֻνǻƺ֮ɲùԳȳԮ
Ҫ̩ɽǵûʱ䣬̩ɽµȴǸָһݾӦձܷȥ˵仹ƽҵס޵ĵط
һǣ˳ɽ·̩ɽȥΪɽ·УԸɽ񾭹ŬɽϿһʷһϿȣﴩȥɽʡܶʱ䣬Ҳ÷ѾĴʷϷȥˡ
󣡡
ɶƵļţʱķɳȥ׽ֻԣƲ˲ͷĺˮЦôֶô
󣡡
ɶƵĶ߻Ľţɽּص쳣öƵҲΪ֮á
ԺȽ˵УֺǺǵЦЦѧ˵ӦòѰɣ
̧ͷ˿̩ɽɽķƲɽΡͳ𺳣ɽ˸߾Ҳ֪᲻ޣ
ȻޣǲûУɽֵĵطҵټģЩʵǿޣǱ̩ɽΪ֮һҲϡ档
ܴƾԾƿˣɽϾûޣͨҲٲ˵ģһˣȴҪһֽš
̩ɽ¶εĵƻ㶸ͣҲѣһʱ˵ǸϿȡ
ϿʮһŮ壬һǰ£ɽ嶼ƣһ󸫴һ͵ɽϲûжľֻмӭͲƲ֮֡
һ׶ѴϿдϳ̦ӲݣȻǺ˴ﾭ
Ͽһ㵭ı˸оʮľ˵ǣϿȣСĵĴܣҶǶ͵ɽڣţʱһֻܳ治֪ȥ
󣡡
ɶͻȻƵԴϣ˫ŲͣƵͷץӣš
ιʲô
æɶץɶͻȻеЩ̫
Σգ
ӦòɣߣԼôùްɣ

һĲҺȻϿǰȥӰпһ£ȻּΣյĸо
ɶԽ꣬ҽӽƻæĹˣǸԴͷ
Ȼ̧ͷȥֻǰɽ֮䣬ӿŰµķ򣬺ȻһźںڵĶٵ׹׹֮վĵط


141 һ
ʲô
һҲȥʲôæһ
ͨ
źںĶȻɽһɹһ£Ӵĳֱӽǲ۶ϣ׹صˤ˵ϡ

ƥܾһ˻Ҫǰ壬סſסΪ˾ţԭؿ겻ѡ
ܾƥոڵĵطȥһïܵĲ֦ɻ˹ȥ֦ƿǰһĻȴסˡ
һˣ
ɫ£ͷڽһڲһӰҹд̿͵Ĵ磬ʴ͵ſڵϣһҲ
̧ͷȥɽߣΨƲƣ˺ǴӰϵģôˤҪǱɹһ£Ѿˤ⽴ˡ
аңԼոշӦ죬һģѸ˵汳ˡ
˵ıʶţȻûһ£˹ȥʲôˣʱ˲ǵһġ
СĵĽ˷˹Ǹˣӣʮ꣬ѾˤѪģĿˣ˵ѪڲͣĴӿӣѾûʶ
طҲȵûоȻ޷ȣƻæȡʩչҽ÷ӳѩҽ֮ˡ
һɫĹνðڣһδˣ˱ת
֣ɸоЩǰסˡ
ҡ
һſڣѪӿ˳ĿƵϣץסƵֱۣܼʹࡣ
æȡһѪι£ȴ˰ͷѵĵˣ˷ˣ
ˣ˶٣Ѫֹڵľ磬ôˤ飬ѰƣƻһΣǶصˣҲǻ췦ˣһѪҲάһѣڽ֮˵ϣȷ˷ѡ
ʲôˣôӰˤˣʵȻûʷߣΪʷĲ壬߶Ҳʮֺ˵ģƽһֹĸ֣ܰȥ

ÿһ֣㾡ȫÿһſڣѪƲסӿֵϸһ塣
ƲŶϸ˵Ǳæȡ
ģӦǸķĶǸӣҲûд򿪿
еİ˼ѵִһ£һһɲɣһɵĻԾˡ
ƣӷܽ׷׷ң죬뿪ѣ
ԽԽֱϸţƼѶ䶼˵ˣҲûǺػ˵ʲô
˵ʲô㣿æһ䣬ȻʱѾ۾˫һĴţѾû˰
Ƶֵס˵ĺģںעȥǣţ뺣·עһ߿տǣѾκεķӦ
Ѿˣ
صƣƾһţ˵仰ѾǸ漣ˣֻϧȴûܰѻ
ƴԭأϵ¸û˵͹ˣԼ֪֣ԼĶȥ
Ȼûѻ˵ǣһƻ˵ģǾ׷
ܰһֹڵĸ׷ôӰϵԷʵ϶С꣬ƽ봢У׼뿪ʲô鷳
ǣ֣ƻ˿ô˱ʬҰȴ̣ɶʹ˸ɫ
ɶĽһų˹ȥһУһСС˳һ㣬˲ȼʬԵĲ֦ȼѸٽ˵ʬɡ
֣ϢɣȻҲ֪ҰѰĶĶȥһúñܵģ뻵֣֮Ȼû򿪰ǣֵģһǼҪĶزʶҲ֪ǶҲ˵֪ѶĶȥ֪ˣҲóȻȥ͡
һյʬ죬ɶɻƵļϣߴߴУƵĶ
ദɶı֮࣬Ŀֻ࣬һСһϹＸʮ꣬Ҳ֪˶ԣ֪Щϻ˶ٵ
ȼգ̧ͷ嶥ķ˿̱ǣѸ뿪׷˵ˣ϶ڰϣ¶÷һʱ䣬ԼΪ

뿪󣬴Ź˰СʱһŮ˼ĽϿУ˵ٶȣȻֲġ
Ϊ׵һʮҵĻҷӣƤԴֲڶɳڣһĿĵĵˣӶͷһֱ˿ڻѪȻǸողܵˣһѪܵ˿ڣǼŤٱøˡ
ںģһʮӣһ鲼£ȥׯںȳģŸȣ·һһա
ģһݵ̫ţͨͨһ˫ƻǵ۾ȴʮֵϬ˵ݡ
ߣдòײȡĶȻ˸ˣǻˣҴǰʬβɣǰͷĺˡ
ҿòʬΣǼһôˤѾˡӵ


142 ˳ǣ
ߣǣǱˣͷһߡ
˵ˣûˤҪˣҪʬϽѱһ˷˿ɲá̫ŵ
ļɽϺģ
һЦȻϿƮһɴ̱ǵζǺ˶һǰһʱһǿ
ͷ̫ǰȥֻǰƮỤ̃ʲôȼա
̣
ΪζǺˣлһɿζǣͬʱһ£ǹսǴ˹ȥ
ǷǺˣ
ǰѾճɻҽǿܿǸεĹǻңͷҪ
Ǳ
̫ŹֽһֱȥǶȵĻҽ淭
ˣôˤǱ˵Ҳˤˣ̧ͷ
ƨˤˣǱҲˤ飡˵Ļ䣬̾ߵһǳ⡣
Ȼʮηߣ߷ŭæͷҲڵͷǣ۽ǵЩʲô
쿴ָŵ棬Щĵ
ߵͷȥһűѾ˵ȻøΪɽϳƣԵ˵ЩʪʱƬ˼·ϣȴźܶӡһЩӦԼģϸһȴӡ޹ء
ӡһһǳӦӡǳ˵㼣һֱ̩ɽɽķ졣
ӡ£˾һˣ̫ڹǻҶ˰죬ҲûҵνıʱЩ䡣
ƽȥˣӦû׷ϣһҧгݵ׺ģ˫ȭţһͷҰǣҪ˶ɡ
ߣҵҪʲôô翶ɵĶȡ̫ĵ
ץסŪȳǺ
ս˶ʩչ˳㼣׷ȥ

ƽǣ
ش߾һ̩ɽһƬ޾˱ĵΧ˵ƽĹһʺҪ͢رڴ˵ذ֡
·ϻһǣˣϦб֮£һһмͷһӰ·ϵϳϳ
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ƱƽǸߴĳǽȻߴһըȣȴһ£ͷȥһٴ磬ĿˣһƵĿƣվСַĵϡ
λ磬ҴӴȥ̶Ǿٹ˹֣ȻһЦ
Ǿԣ̵ͨ뺣
ͨ뺣Щ㵡
ɫ֪϶ûͨ뺣ҿһҰ˰װɵöɡ
ûͨ뺣׼ǣǾһĿƣ˽
Ĺͺǰûʲôͨ뺾൱ڻգɹٸţÿһӸǸùӡĻ͵ɣץס⼸˿ƴźᣬȻǰƵ͵ˡ
ȴЩͷˣû뵽ǻҪʲôͨ뺣Ҫֻ֪ӥȥ˴ģǴˣ޷ڴȡͨ뺡
ֱڳſڣ߶˺ڻ¿ɾˣʱȻڻ黧ڣһزɽȥǹƽأǻôȥ
λ磬ʵĹˣΪһЩ⣬ȥҲ֪Ҫͨ뺣ǿܲи㣿ڨЦһǾģŽ
һ£ƿ˰죬оǻɣĹˣʲô֣
ƣΪݲɽӣƹֵ
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漴Ǿָһˮûͨ뺣ǻǲܷȥĹ涨
ˣһԴ󣬴ӴȡƷ龧ĵĵ˹ȥһС˼磬и㣡
νǮʹĥȻö֮Ļ¸ΪʮֲܣǣΪ˳أҲôˣĻҪطĹɵķϲٹ
ص·رأв֣ƿɲΪԼǿȥƽУҲ˵һλʵﵽڵƽүѹȻԼʵЩģ˵ڣʦҲֻбѹķݡ
ǼСʯͷʱһ˫˫۾ҲˣЩ߹صعС඼ֻͨˣΨǾͯڵľ磬Ʒ龧ٵתתҲĶ
ͨõֻǽ龧ʹõģôһ龧ƾǼٺ»һӶܲĶ
ߣȻ¸ңϿ뿪Ļ͵ؽɱ
ƫԶǾٵȻһֱӶƴǳǺһ嵶γ˰ء

˳ʵϣû뵽ԸҲôβһͣƬֻ̣ð龧ǣƨתȥûͨ뺣޷;أֻгˡ
ۿ뿪ΰһۣǿ龧ƷʣҲƷ龧һĳţٺ»ҲƷ龧ѣôװ״ʧƷ龧̫ϧˡ
ոһ̣ΰȥӹе龧ˣǹؼʱ̣۽˳ˣϽ֣Ƴˡ
ܹܼңôˣ
ΰոջϣͶЦݣ¼Сӳڳһߴ˹ȥһ鸡Цݡ


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סͷסŵģԺĻУ
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144 ͻս
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쳣ȣʦſģо˻ûʦ磬˾ʲôˣν翶ɣʲô·
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ľ׮ƮУΪһһͷһͷСĽľͷľͷߵƵǰŵƵϡ
ּһǳأССһضľнٽת֣
ӹϸ˿ǲЦ⣬ڤ̴ľֵǲ
ڤ̴ľȴû˵ȻƽСү۽Ҫöࡣ


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ǣ벻ܼ񵽸һЦҲǺкñɡ
Ҳ֪ľͷʲôľͷ֮ͱУʱֻо·һҵ꣬ҵԽԽǿ֮ұ㱻޷ӣٺϹӣʱҶΪԼҪˣȴûб꣬ʣô׮ղˣҲ˴
Ǻǣãڤ̴ĻʮǰѾɢˡ
ΪȻĵͷһЦ
Ȼȴеǰľͷ˼ʲô
ضľЩСˣܻ֮᲻̫ãǿá֮
ȴҡҡͷ̧ͷ㣬룬ȥˣ

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Цǰڤ̴ľľͷݵȷԵСЩȴôò˶ãһ
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ްֶҹ٤ҹߵҹ
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ѧȫ׵ѧӦһӦ츳զִ࣬½Ҳ츳ġ
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ȥȡǾſʯһ㶣ƺӾ˵ĲǾŵôôͳ˾ˣһ̫
ֵ˵ͷҡҡͷǰңҲǰ㣬ǾſʯϿžӵףұм¼ģȴʧˣһӣһָܻ٣̫ҲӦֵ֪
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Уԭдĺͻ˵߲֮ɫҲͬ䣬߶ǣԷֳһɫںһԭǰдĺ˿Ҳ˵߲֮ɫ
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Ľֵϣˣۻңֵ̯߰λԵģȵģģ̯ǵߺһȻĳ
ҳԵģȥסİɣҿɶˣƶ÷ţȴûǸȥ;ǵķˣķɲܹġ
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۾ȻûˣǹǴͷƻͷΣҲ޵ˡ
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Լ̫˰ɣ죬վûаѻ˵


160 䱦
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⣬Ů̵˵ͷȷһʯ
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иǴ򿪣һȭͷСƻƽʯͷ档
ʯͷ󣬼ֵʮƷ龧Ů
ʮƷ龧Ҫļ۸ͶˣʯȻѵãΪϣɫ⣬û;Ҳļ۸񲻸ߵԭ֮һ
ðɣҪˣ
ƶ˵ֱʯⶫһҲаһЩ
õģһʮöƷ龧ȥ˰ɣŮʢװʯĺӣƵ


161 壡
ȵȣʯҪˣ
׼Ů뿪ʱԱȴһʮֲгüͷһͷȥһ»ӣʮ꣬ԻһŨױĨŮӡ
ӵһ˫С۾ƿưƺЩ
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صԼ䣬غ÷ţڴϣ̩ɽʯȡ˳ĲѾã¾㱸ֻǷ磬繮̵òˣںת磬ͨ裬ѾܹʹƿҲʱʦˣȵʦ磬ԿʼļƻʼԼеĵһ
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ԣڨڨĵ˵ͷͷݺݵĿƶۣĵ˳ȥ̫ǰҷ
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ЩΣϾƺֻƣһҲӲͷƤҲ˹ȥ

ǰЩ˵ֵѣǿǣ˺þãȴֵԸˣһ·Ӧó˲ٿͷɣڰ䣬ʵܰҲһĿƣ֪ôȻӻġ
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ǲ׼ŹҰȴǲ㣬հɡƺ˺û뵽绹ļǵãΪϴ֮˾͸ûʲôˣȴˣ˵ضƸܰˡ


164 
ҲãҿǸţ´οɲˡֺǺǵһЦⳡϣȷЩ㣬ҲΪƣǣܲġ
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һͣתһۣ̻ﻹܸʲôλشһʱ䣬ͷ
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һŮˣֻһҹһ˵ʱֻѾԻһϣȻǵô˷׷ﻹЩֶΡ
ֵܣ㲻иۣƷһСƣЩϷʵĶƵ
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ǧһǰеĺϣ·˷ĽмȻЦ⣬ȴǴʮֵĲмЩ˶ҪģҪһ㡣
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Ҳһ뿪ˣ˵ջǲģҲˣһͨƺ̫Ӵߡ

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ʥʯдܳƵ壬ܿ죬ƻٴα߲ʵ֣ɶƺϲ˼ųƵļҲԡǵ֮Уʮֵܡ

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ԴˣһڲǣƤµĶγкܶ˶֪ΪʲôҲ֪ʲôȻֱӱˡ

峿ƵǰߵߵţȴûлӦҹ̫ۣ˯̫ˣҲûдֱת¥

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Ƶ¶һ˿ЦݣʣСһҲյʥֻǲ֪ʲô仯ʥ÷ǷԼĽôɶΪӦҲСǡ

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ӣߵߣܰ¶Ƽһ
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ܰ˫صĵãҿǰѻ˵ˣϧ˼ֵܲԸ⣬ҿûˡ

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ܰ¶ڵľȣ˵׳ԭлɣǣƬ̳ܳƺѾûˣǶˣ׳ҲǼżȻģƬ̳ǵҪжôⰡ


170 ţʺˣ
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пνǻɽõһĹ棬ȴ룬ողŵطȻһǻС
Ҫ֪˽ţʺģõҲôǣҽģ֮٣ҶǲôͲ˿ĲˬǣֵطȻ˸ôŮ˵棬ɲܴô
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δ˵ܰ»ת

ϵıʱסˣԼ۾ȻСһ𣬶һǵһ
ӣ˰ܰЦЦĿ塣
пһ£æԱŮʹ˸ɫŮҲʶȤϽԶԶġ
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ò˵̫һԸˣ⹫ǹ࣬ܰ¸ô
˴羰ˣԼɣˡܰµһЦк뿪


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үүôͿ֬Ĩ۵Ůӣ屻򣬸Ͻ˹

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ͳǸŮ˭⣬ɫĵʵ
˳ַĵӣ⼸պͳүûȣūû뿪
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Ҳ˵ֻǵһɹпܻһ飬ճɾͣȻ֪ȿԸ⡣
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û˿ԥƵĻ䣬ͬ⡣


173 
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̧ͷһǰʮ⣬վһˣװǣ֪ʲôģǻ׵ͷӦ䲻СŸͣȥӡ

ͷƤĸоǴ˵ϴģǸе
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178 ۵ķŭ
Уһ˷סȥĳҲˡƲԸ뿪Ҳ뿪뷨ҪбһֹΪ鷳Ϊ˶Ĺҵǻмٵѣȥбһ£Ȱ£ʱȥμӹ״ᣬĲ˵ֵʵ֮λѣĹߣҵҪฮΣʱг𱨳ԹԹ
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179 
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ģֵܴھŻ帮УκεطȫȻʹڶȫٱͲõˣĳﱸ״ɣʱֵһġһЦ
Ϊʲô
ܰˣոսɣôˣܱȻʹڰȫٱⲻ˵Цɣ
صܰ¹˹ָܰ´˹˵һ仰ܰЦտڵˣǵ


181 
һҹӿѣֲ̫ĸоҹķȥ˯žȥ̸̸ƷѾû˵ƹ⣬ֻۻݡ
ϣһָǱֻʣЩĹ½⣬һʥȻʱţ˵ʵһһ֡
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һֻͣǲѣҷµģƽСүǰ;òҷա
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һʱ䣬ǹһ籩ͷβۣйԱһϢ֮󣬶ޱȵ𾪣˾֣ǿ϶ﰡүʯ󽫾λ˳ܷʲô
ϵĹԱһϢ֮󣬶սսľְģʥôһЩϢȴ˹֮⣬һʱ䶼ֲ̿·ͷѹһƬơ
ʱฮףΪʼٸߵ濺壬ǵڵϣɫ԰ֽ
ԭͰ͵ĵźϢΪһζܽץúõйһйлȴϵȴһϢ
۱ץˣϹʱץˣȥץǸƣôı̫ϻˣ
ҳһ࣬Ůʰϸ׼ˣ˾ˣǿĴ˭
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һϣһϸŭɶϣฮ˴ѣȫ𣬴ʱฮÿһˣѾû簮ֻʹޣ


184 ŵѯʣ
ʱ濣ֻǴɵڵϣǰӱȥˣڣһжǸƣϣҲƲãǺڲ
۱ץˣɷϹҲץˣ˾ֵطһȥˣٳϣ΢΢ı̫ϻʣ壬濵˵г޵ľ
һϦ֮䣬˼䣬൹ˣʯ󽫾ˣɢΣһҹעǸ֮ҹ

ҹԺһŴʦ֮ϣɫ꣬ĿǱޣƶҲҴţںǰϣĵźŴʦ
ʩһ⣬֪ǷʣͻȻˣ˫ĿƵϡ
ʦʣ֪޲æλ̫ϻʣлЩѹ
ŵʩʦţ
һ㶣֪Ŵ˻⣬ǵɵӣϴζʥ֮УҲҲμӣڻмǰǰˡ
ʱԺŵݣȥעСɵСأ
Ҳԣȴҡҡͷʩ޵һйѹ겻ʮʦڣɵ̲ĵӣ˵ɣĹЩɣѵ̳ĵӣ
һͣȷɵӣǰţǰ
һ̩ɽʯͣĳɾͣȻ˵ûаëǮĹϵǣףɵĵӡ
Ű˰֣£и˵㣬ҲѴʥгĵҲȵģն֮ⷲ£ұò֣¸ϵش󣬺ұʸǰԺʹĿǡ
ĿƵĿƣһ˫ӹŲ·ܿĵȥ
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ԣĵ˵ͷ֪ʩһǴӺδУ
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ֵܣ̫ϻأʲô˵ʲôɣʲôùǵġܸоŲ޶⣬ԥԥӣƷա
ƵʵҲûʲôģֻ˵´ʦţףһ͸ҵġ

дʣƺڵƼ˵ȥ
ƻһ£ǰǰɣǰɽһˮ·޼ƿʩ֮ʱƮһСۣһ̣ҹ˺ӣףڹ֮λ͸ҵģ
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ƵĻ£ĺţһ˫ȴԽԽﲻͣ߶ţȻĿĿƣʩ˵Ŀʵ
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Ƶͷŵյ龰ŽҲһƽƵľȻҪ桢˶ˡ
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ƲҲйĻɣǣȴţϾʱŸո磬һȫͯ綼ûͨˣʲôԶԼӣ
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ŻعĿٴƵϣʩ֪ǰǳǵ½ô£
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ԣ΢һ٣ֱܿ͸ĵ׵񣬹򶨵ĵ֪
治֪ȻڵĺܺãǺŻǸоƺʲô
治֪ƹĵ
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ںŵĿ֮£ֻĸо·Լ˼붼ܱһ㣬һʱͷǧת˼ŶԲߡ
ֵܣǼǡɲڡòйذɣûʲôܻ䣬뵽֮ǰ˵ǹģֻǿЦںʵô棬Ҳ
һ⻰ɻĶƣڴĻشȻسǲ̽½֮£¸޴Ӳ壬ƸһĪĸоӦöԴ˽⣬ȻҪץסˣҪȻһˣص¿޷
һ仰ȴͷߣһ첻ط磬ͽ˻ô


185 屮
룬һĹںŵ˵УżߵĵλԼԽһͷҲòҴţܹóʹá
ԺʵĿ⣬֯һԣʱ𣬲ȻʦѯҲԣǼ뿪ʵȥһˡ
ʲôˣʵ
֮ǰ˵λ̡治Ĳĵ
ͫһ˵ǰǼ
Ƶ˵ͷҹڿջϢҹѾǱһɽڣҲٴολ̣ʱҾ;֣ˮϳŴôˣֻЦһԿţȡһ¯ʼʱҷ֪λ̣һλֵǰ
Űβһ˫۾ĶƣƵ۾￴ĻǼ١
治ɫ˿Ƭ̣ŵԣλΪ
׵аǰ콵󹦵£һԣҲݣڽԡƬ̣ʦڣԴʦۣҲܿҵľԶʵɣ
һ㣬ѾˣƵֻʦڣȴԶⲻѧôһͣƺһжͨˣɲΪƵģΪǸѧеλǰǼпܡ
ţŵĺЩȻƣ֪ʲô
Ʋ˼ֱӵ
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ˣһãȴַõǰʹ֮гֵĲϣһѣ
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ж٣а취˼Ƭ̣һж׵Ժ󣬺ɫµĶƵҹλʩȥϢɣһ磬ʩ빬һˡ
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ŴͣĿƣƵĺŻعͣŴʦһƳ˷š

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ˣٺЦǲãᰡԽҪϣóȥ԰԰ڣ֪ٹҪˡ
ƶͷ亹ԭԶ룬Ϊ˹ŮԵİȫҸܸˡ
ԣһֵܣǹĽ飬˵ֻ֮£͵£
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һԼСΪʦԽܣǽĿ⣬֪ڸЦҲ죬˳Ÿðʲôʱаʦ񣿡
㻹Ⱑ̫ˣ̫УŲܺɫа֮ͽԣ㻹ǽǶȥɣ
Σһţˡ
һֵ˵ֵܣΪǰǰɣ
Ķ֪ûݡʼ磬֪Լȥɡ
šüͷ룬ˣףǰֻǰǰǧǰ񾳽Ĵڣܾöûгֹˣдԣǰţ󰡣ǰӴ󹦵ѹѾ׼ʥˣ˼һӣ˱ؽ޾
Խ˵ԽǼ˵УһվжǴڴ˵е޵
ȴЦȷ̾㲻ӣҲԨԴҲҿ϶̵ݣϾֻһ棬ʲôȫߵġ
һת´񣬿ƺһ
ʲôƵ
°ͣ뿴ֵʲô֮Ϊǰ㣿ôӢôֲȺأ
һڡ

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ƴһҹ붨ŴʦȺϴգûͣŴʦֱӴʹȥ
ͷһνʹֺ꣬Ҳû̫𺳣Ͼǰΰ̫ˣʹҲ㲻ʲô
ƱΪŴʦԼȥݼĻʣȻȴȥ˷ȵ
ȵ֮УֱΪ̫Ϊʼҹλ屮ĵطȴ֪ŴʦԼطǺͼЩɻ
ȵǰһӭۼŴʦ̹°ݣŴʦ
²ö񣡡
ҲһѾλ껲Ǿ֮ǳ֮ˣڲ࣬ںǰȴǲԳƶˣֻܳš
Сƣݼ£
Ƽһۣ֪ӾǵĹ֮ˣҲǰݼ
񣡡
̧̧֣ĿƵϣϸţȻ֮У֣ǶѾˣڲǼˡ
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ŵһȽ˷ȵĴš

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һУŵһŨŨ̴ζһһߴİʯжʮ׸ߣԱߵıϣд˱ġ
߽һ֪Ķʲôģһ£ռʯһ룬֮ࡣ
̲ספ㣬ϸʯһĩһУҵܰµ֣ҵĺ껣һĺ֡
˱屮ÿ˳Ѫڴ˱д֣ģǻģţϵ־ͻԶʧԱߴ껵תͷȥһ΢ЦĿ
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ֱ̧ͷϷȥֻ߸ߵĹһ֣
ӦþĹˣֻǣȴֱӿȥģ·öˣûɫǿȥġ
ƺ֪Ƶɻ󣬵˹Ĺ棬ʣΪһҲǵᣬǰϲΪ屮٣ֱǧǰŸ屮涼֪Ƿ񻹽ڣʶֻܽ棬
ԭˣƻȻ̧ۿȥЩȥҲİٸѪҫţҲ˵ˣİ˻ţϣˣʵ治Сꡣ
Ĺ澹Ǵ漧ԯĺᣬ⻹ͷһ˵ͷνСǰǳѣʱǧ꣬Ȼ˳ǧϢǹķһȥ٣޷Ტۡ
հƬ̣껴ƹ屮ȥϹλ屮ûʧһλˣ﹩λ˵ǻʼ
Ŵʦִ𣬹ǰϵߵݣҲߵݣƼˣ˼˼棬ҲվһԹˡ
һȦƷ֣Եǽϣ˰˸ФеɷǣеƱˣȴ֪Щʲô
ʩ˵λ̣˸ͼϣƿǰ˸ͼʱ򣬺ŴʦǳԴ
һ㶣˲عԭŴʦԼȵĿģ˸ͼУȻһӵĻ񣬺ŴʦԼĻǼ٣ͼûд֣ԼûмӵĻ϶ϲġ
ʱƣҲЩҿ϶Ǹǲӣ޷˸ͼǵñϸ۾֮
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û˿ԥֱָŵķФ񣬵ûмǴӦλǰ
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λǰҴĹһǰһԵ껵
ӯĿƣڴĵʩ˵ǰղż˼ң˼ҿǻǣзӴȥ˼ô

һͣһ˵͵üԲȥˣæҡҡͷϴҲλǰԼҵңҹֱ֮Ҳ֪ȥ˺ηǷǣ֪֪βҵ
һ仰˵ϹʧòŵҲԣ˼ײβǣͼˣôȥ˼أʩ´ǰҴ仰
ʲôʵ
ߵлǧ껤֮˰ϣ룬˵һ仰תǷһݡ
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ȶһŶƵҪʲôϣʩ˵Ի˸㱸ϣϺдʱǣջķᣬܵһضɽҲܽˡ
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Ӧһȴһϲ˺仰òвˮˡ
΢΢ף˿̣ƵĿ⣬˵ͣͣӷȵűĻƳȴʱ˹УȻлҪ˵

鷿
ʣĻʱûڣָֻ˸Ӽĳƺ
Ÿ˸룬ţΪβţûͲϳңѵ֪λʩڰ֮ǰͨһ̶̰ʱ䣬һͨˣɳʦڣ֮£ʲô̳ܵĵ
ʵ˼ˣ껵
˵ֻǴδţǻΪˮһ̣ɾͣ޶ŵ


186 ϱ㣡
ˣˣ
㣬˾ٱ⣬ҿλʩʴ쳣ˣǰ;ֻףȴδţ㵽ʲôʶԵһϯ˵ŶԼĻ˵ˡ
ͬľԵֵôģĪǣӽɾͻ֮ϲɣ
⣬ҵܹ⣿ҡҡͷֻԼĲѣʵ޴Ӳ
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룬ȴҲò̫ܣϾʥô֤ãؼͲֻλʥˣ½Ѿʮûʥɴ˿ɼ֤ʥжѡ
ҲΪҴ˲Űɡŵ
һ˼ϲʱ˵ᱣҴ꽭ɽѾ˰ǧ꣬˼䣬ʵҴ֮ңİ˻ģ˭СҴģ
ΣһҪסŵ
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пܰ¶ȥĸ߶߶ƶӴһ£ֻкôŵ
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һ磬׼ȥתת̲סĺģʵ
ȥһ˷ȵȷһ£ҼλǰǲҲֱӵ
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ĺһСӣղŰ鷳ˣ͸ҳŹˣ൳δСĳȥͻزˡ

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ԶԶĶ֣ʾƹȥ
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ӣĪ˵һݺתдһɫȹŮ˳
ܰ£Ϲһ˿ŮĽߣȻĸոյĻ˶
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ƶܰ¼һ񣬶ͷȴǺأͷҵԧףҲûô㷨ɡ

ܰµĳ֣۾ֱˣһı飬ⲻո̫ߵλôԭŮװܰ¹þòѹְ˹ɻ˷
ļ֮УֻڴǸһϸ£֮ˣһһЦĻֻ꣬ǿһۣˣܰ¹ǰŮ˻ŮôȫʮǳܱµĹԣ
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Ҳʶʧ̬æܰ°¡
£ʵܰ²Ե޹Լġ
ܰȻһЦܰ´ӽ
ֽһ㵣ղŽôôȥ
ܰµ˵ͷ˵Ҫܰ´ȥѡϡ
ͷͲ˰ɣҲòʲôϣȥ䱦ȡǡ
СӣöǣҶѵýȥһˣôһ˵Ļᣬ㻹ȥ䱦ⲻ᱾ĩôȥȥ׸ƨȴ

һ£ͷ˵Ҳֱ̫ˣܰµ棬Լȥˣ⻹治Լ˰
ӣ߰ɣܰµҲûн⣬ֱߵƵߡ
ھȥʵ
Ȼܰ΢΢ףۺڴӲôв㣬ܰ¸
Сӣһ쵽ֺУʲô㣡Ĵ˴ӣһץƣһץܰ£ֱĳ˸ţҸ˵Ͻȥ˺öãǧ
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ֵܣҲһͬȥɣһҪöΪģο飬Ҳ̲סȥ֡


187 ⣬һѶ
ת˿ܰ£ϣλСүı٣۽Լһ·˵ڹԵЩ
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ʲôүҽͷҺþûˣιУĶһ仰ֱ˸š
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룬˼СȣСӸȥʲô£
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ǣСӣͣңܴУ

˵Ӹдܰκ죬ת͵һۣߴĵӣҪ˵˵˾Ͱ˵
Ҳʥ̫˰ɣƸЦһΣܰߴģǵǣҪ
ܰȻһЦҽɡ
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Ȼܰ´ʱȴ˫ĿĲ֪ʲôƲòٽһ
ӣ˵ʲôܰ»عæʵ
Ůӵ׺찡֪ոʲôͷһʵۺʯ󽫾ôˣ
ܰæڱѺ˾Σæƽٳңûȥǣڰ˹ʹǣʱǵ˵״֮Ǹʹ뿪ǣʱһҰҲƽϢ٣ʱǵҲٻң֮ɢʯ»вҵģնв飬Ϊģʶûдǣ˾ĸֿǾڸ֣ҲǾӲġ
΢΢ףڶԸϣרҵģøԶʱı棬Ȼǲ̫ʵģ˶λ˳ĴڣҪ˼кܶ࣬ԴʱƣҲֻǸУһʱ䣬ͷɢʱ˵ٸҳģƻٺܶ࣬ʱ㲻Ҳٲ
ԴˣҲûй⣬룬ܰµԵĻҿɲԽ˾һˡ
˭ܰʮֵĺ棬ࣿ
ҡҡͷǵ·ϣ϶¸ܰ½һ飬ڶϹʵƷΪϸϸĽ
øϹʣǰ˾ӣȴû뵽ģԼ˵Ȼĸϣ˶˵ТΪȣֲТ֮ͽʵ˴񣡡ƽ꣬ܰµߡ
ѾҳȣжϹѾû˳ޣǣûȥ鷳ȴԼǷ˵ɣܻⶡĳޣȴ޷ϵԣҺֶȥϹʣˡƵ
ܰƽһ˾ǻʹصأĸֻ֣һ˵ǲûиʵͣǻֶ޷ȥҿȥ󸸻ʣ֪ȥ˾ӦûӦʵġ
ǣһôӣЦ
ܰ˵ӿǰĴˣǰҴĿӴ꣬ҴдСҪ󣬸ô᲻ӦأܰȻһЦֻ۾ƣĿ⽥ͣЩз·һұˡ
ĴʣԹŮӢۡ߸ϵ߹Ҳǲס
ҡҡͷֻǺǰ棬ӲҪ˵ǰĴˣȴԼˣĪô˵
ô˵ӶӣǾ벻ǰķ۵ġܰµ
ԣȴĳˡƶͷ·һ亹
ܰһЦĬΣӣ
кηԸƵ
ܰһֹģ˰ź˿ڣܰ¿ǰ㣬ô

ԣ˲伦Ƥ𣬿ܰߺ죬ˮڴܲˣܲˣҪ
֮ĳθҵƵ
ܰºһۣΣѵûеͨ˵ȨôԺֻҶˣұˣҲǹģܰ±ǡ
ƺ˺ܰģ˵ⷬǷ˲ٵ
ĳ͹ˡҲõŵ£ȻһЦ
ܰҲĵЦˣһ磬ĻƣȥҲϣǸͷĿֻƶ׽ܰ±ѩ֪ܲĻʵ⣿
ǰлǻ׸òϾһŮȥӽһӣȴ̫ˣƵĻ˵ǷּˣǷּΥôֻӲͷƤˡ

һ磬һҲڿܰӣųݵλ˹ϵҲһ˲٣һ·̸Ż˹ţȥ
רػΪʼصأȻöһǲɷϹг˴ÿӸذպ˰⣬Щöġ
ܰĻʵͣһ·裬ֵ̫࣬ڵõ֮󣬱˹شţ˽ȥ
⣬ֱΪҽ⣬жĲƸ¾ǻ壬ÿӸ˰գλ⣬ĹСɵϽɵ龧ĵÿս׸桢ʹ˻߹صȣҪӹвʹǮƣ˵һĲƸνˡ
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ϰһڿľӡӣһڰһڣһһڣ涼Żķ
װĶЩЩ޷ײģɢĶڵϣ鱦ҫۣǼ̣ǱССһѡ
Щ龧ûʲôô磬ɣ
ܰ¶ƹ˹ָһֱߣñ׵ϺֱĽ䡣
˵ǽ䣬طҲǲСһŸߴƼӣ˸ֱõĲϣľ޽಻֪磬ѵһʯҲһһѡ
⣬żϣֱенʽкͷǱеģ⻹к֪ܶ࣬Ľ˶ûмֶвϡ档
磬ԼɣҪʲôϣȡˡ
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ԣҲһľܼת˿ĿıĿϾӣ붼ߣȻĺˬĶԼ˵Լ˺öãÿǣôôɣԱôԼǿˡ
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УҪҪʲôƷ׵ˣ
ܰ²ҪһĶ¯Уʹеһ񶦣ҺĿ֮λ񾳽翪ô󹦵¶ɣ񶦣縸ʽ˶Ӧøаա


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ֱ֮ǰܰԼѡüտʼʱһҪ֪ͨҪһˣҲڴӦһССԸ


սţӭƣæ棬ͷߡ
ι֣ȥĶæ˹ȥǰ
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ƼĹ죬ȫ磬æסȥ·
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СӣôŻܰĶȥˣû𻰣ſڴۻ
תȥİͦأſӣһ㣬¸ոƵı顣
ģèһһ¾Ͷ㵽Ƶһ㵣߽ЩŷҲһڡ
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189 ɽ
ƣʱһСӣҲҲˣȴģԼþүĶ飿
˵ţָָϵࡣ
ȶִģ˵㹦߳ô࣬ҲʹЩУôù㡣ϸӬдʮֵԹ
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ƺ˺תһﻹ湻Եģ;үҲú͵ңǱƼˣٴûаװ
ԹĿƣ
ƸЦһĵǰо仰˵úã˲𰡣㿴ǰôӢڱֻһԺôԷ
û͵ҾСˣģӢ˰ɣ˼ʱǿɲԶˡıӵĵһ䣬˳Դһͳһƿȥȥʥҩˣڱȹ

õĵҩͦ˵ģǾ仰ȴŵιȥȣǲŰô
ȴûֵ߹ƵļһСӣܰĻİɣ
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˼ʲôûˣȴǹһЦ֮⣬ƴӹҲòʲô״ϣҪθͷûİ
˵ţָָ׵Թߴıȥ


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ʯ࣬ʱ㻹˵Ҳţ»ɱŭ
ʯ̧ͷȻһЦ»ᣬλ̫үûô׷Źǰ
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סŲͷƵҪֵܣٸһѣ
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һڣһӣһɾӹصһϣ档

գûܽǰѼҪôĸûˣвʣҺŴʦЩħһѧϰ֮пϾҲں۵ѹûлȥҺԩ
۵ջķᣬãϾſںڵĳǿߣȻڼ֪ⷽԼܶ෽棬ƻҪ̵ģ쳵Ųޣչһ·ߵףʱ򣬻ǵö˲С
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ū֮ЩԱ״֮áȫһ䣬תơ
򿪿ƻû˵ıߴٵ
ǣ
ȫӦһߵһ̫ߣǸķľӴ򿪡
˶Ĵ˹ȥһɫĳȫɶ£Ʒֱ˷⣬һ̶ȸа
˵꣬ȫߵһС̫ߣǸľУиǴ򿪣һѳɫĳ
ɺ罣Ʒֱȫ̵Ľһ£תƵϣܶ
л̫ӵ´ͱ
ƶŸȫ˹֣֮ǰ˵ԼԼˣأһ־Ʒֱλ̫үԼ˴Ǯ
ūˣ
ȫûйͣ˸һѶ£С̫뿪ˡ
̫ӳ־°
۾ﵥֻĽֱ˵ʲôϾҲһھĳ֣ıҲвٵģһ־Ʒֱһͨ˵ȷ㹻𺳵ġ
ƷֱôһƲƲ죬ģͺڿһ
֮ǰĸˣͶЩˬ˿ĵĻĵ˵ү㿴̫Ӷͱˣ˼þүǰѵͲʾʾ
һ䣬ĵʱ˶ǿǶʲôñʾģ
٣
һ֣ƲƲ죬Ĳм
ԣЦ˶죬ܸԼ㵽Щ
˵ȻСĵĶֻһ֣ȴĴĵ
ЩĴźӵһۣһһ˫ѥӳƵǰȥ
ǰѥӣһ͡
ĵѥȻֻƷֱٶȣ
˹ѥϷᣬתģүѥûɣ
һڣתƣҪҪҪҾˣ
ҪߴͲҴǣǰ͵ģҲҪأһЦ̽ҲջˣܴͷϹµ㶫ɲ̫ס
̧ͷģүҵأ
ʲôһɡ
ˣ㶼ֵܶˣѵҲøһֱҿǰѼˣҪʾʾⲻȥɣ
ң
ƲЦһǼģʲôиģһ仰ʧһֱܸɫ
Ѽң
һ߶ȥ


Ƕջ
ŷ˸Ƿһ˹ϢԬɽСӣǼһûˣ汻СӸɵ˰ɣ
Ԭɽ˫ۣҲ̫СˣǼһĹȻԲôһ㣬һṦ֮ҶĪǸƣȻмֱ£ҲҴƽ֣ɱ𣬺Ǻǣܡ
⼸صģѵ¶һ棬Ҳ֪ڸЩʲôҡҡͷ
Ǽһǲһ·ģôԬɽνĵһ䣬ҲЩɻ֮ǰżǣ⼸ȴǺټˣȷʵЩ
˵òᱻ֪ٸǸİɣ룬
ԬɽһЦǼһƢ֪ǳ鷳ô
⵹ǹˣҡҡͷЩ벻ͨ
Ԭɽ⣬벻ǵֻ治٣һƣȻܺսƽ֣ε״ᣬеľˡ
˵ţԬɽз⣬ս𣬶԰º״ᣬڴ
ʲôʲôǿ˵ȫûʲôνǣȫΪ˴ܶĹ⣬սΨһݾ
ңƲƲ죬ѹô꣬ʵС꣬أûҳ֣ҳֵĻСӸˡ
ôţҴ򲻹㣿ҪҸطȻȻԬɽһɡ
д⣡
һЦһļϣ

Ժһ侲ҡ
һϣƤף̯ǰϸĹţɶҲԣĴǰףһ˫С۾УżֹŹ֡
Ϥɻк棬в⣡
氢ӷģɶǰΪ񣬲֪ܲӣֻļɥʧǰ׹Щǰļɣ
һڴĿɶСһܼһʲôԼһССʾףǿǷѽƵջν޴
󣡡
ȻʧǣɶûһᣬеĺɻȫʧˣŶƤʧȥȤųҷ衣
СҺóԺúȵĹ㣬ؼʱҵӣƲһڣͲðϣСһϣ֪ţ϶ֱԣĿҲ࿿Լ
ƤϸĹǣϴһտʼǣͷԻܹЩǣþͷǣ
Ҳ֪˶ãЩٵķף෢͵̫Ѩòϣʵ̫ˣ޷֣׸ʲô඼岻ͨӣ
ֻаµʱ䣬ô죿
˼ͷǵĸоЩٶƤϸϸĶ
ɣɴӣĹ棿
һһ
Ƶﷴ߶ţһΣûȥףǻ˸򣬰Ѳھ׵Ǿϡ
һڤ룬һִԼǾ¾ϸգƺЩͨĵطĶǴ޵Уݻ֮
ǣ롮ʲôϵأ㱼ǲ׽ʲôϥ̩ɽʯ˫֮䣬ϸϸڤ

ʱһĹȥƸձչصʱܰ»ҹ֪Ʊչأ֮ҲûˣϾ״ڼҲҪӡ
һգ꣬һȺ֦չĹǵĴӵ£ӳ¥һһԱһͬȥ׼
Сӣͦ߽ͬһϷʵ
˭
üͷһȻͷȥһϤӰںͬڣأһϷʵĿ
㣿
ˣͫһһͷܡ
𣡡
ոתԴײһϣʱײͷۻһƨɵڵϡ
̧ͷȥһǰһڴסȥ·
һЦСӣǣҪܰ


198 ɱ

һôԼˣƲڣһ򲻹οˡ
Ԭɽ˫ۣĴӺͬ˹ûʲô·㣬ȣ
ȣɫ΢䣬ƨɴӵվɫĵҿɾǣǣݲ
ӴǣСӣͦʰҺô˵ȻһЦļģһɴֱ졣
ܸ磬ܸ磬л˵л˵ʵˣΪƤ֮࣬ӣϽġ
첻򣬻Ϸˣſ֣һ·Сأ
˭ż㶵ĵ
װɵǲǣ
ԣɳȭͷ߸ߵĻ
𣬱ܸ磬л˵Ӷڲ֣ϽסȭͷЦ˵ֵܰɣ̫㣬£
ȭͷԬɽ˿Ԭɽ˹ȥƴ
ʲôһŹֵĿԬɽԼΪԼǴ
˵ã˵ĻҿɲЦŲһ䣬ǰЩѹҪԾһգһԼˣǿǽ첻Ӧеصز顣
Ԭɽһۣĵյһɱƣ
ɱ
һ㶣£
Ԭɽ˵ͷǺһλǰʧıǼһ⼸ٹأյƣзӡһֻŽ꣬ϣҺϺڶ򲻹
һһ㶵ģŵǲһôҪ˵Щ˭֪ǲƭ˵ģ
˭ǼһһģбҪƭôһץסļ򣬺ݺݵһ
ۣţţҵʹϽġ
ſϽԶһ㣬ǣҴ϶ʲôɸĿģѻ˵ҿɲǴ
Ǽ⣬ЦȷСҪСӣҸʱҲҪֽ̼У
ңƲƲ죬һĲм
Сӣ㿴үүֲмıȻϳˣʱĦȭƵѹȥ
ᣬܸ磬ᣡ
Ͻֺˣֱӿǽϣֵܱչˣ˹أʵ϶㻹ȶǲǴŰô
һڣ㷢ֲԣô˵ڼŭڴô
Ƭ̣ȴδ̧ۿȥ˶Щɻվԭء
Сӱչˣʵ
ǽߣСװĵ˵ͷ
ԬɽƲʲôʱˣȻչأμ״ˣ
ֵ츳ˣġ˵ƣЩ԰
ӴǣŹֵĿһۣС츳ˣקʲôչؼˣ
ˣ
ԬɽһۣԬɽһĵأѻǴô
ģһæͷ
´αôקҪȻһһΣûָıвһ䡣
֪ˣæͷ
ƽԬɽʵ
΢΢ס
ңϹôôӣ´ۣϵЦҲ֪ǼЦǷЦҲھˣԺпȥĶүүһú㡣
԰գЦԬɽһͬ뿪˺ͬ

뿪ųһ֪ʱѾˮʪˣ˿ɶʦڵǿߣʵ֮Ѱʦڸǿ֣ոҪǵñɹˡ
ȣޣ
һųڵķһ̵۸үүʵֵͣܳأҲѾģ
죬ϸ̵ĵط˭̣ⲢͲǳˣʵ϶üӱһسӡ
˵˼ɱҲ֪Ǽ٣ǵøϽֵܲУʱ˰ǲֵ֪ʲôʱܳأ
һȥϽ뿪С

ҡ
Ѿ죬ƻҹһһ˿ǻ۵Ĺâ
ˣɣɴӣĹ棬һһԭһ޵У֮ǧǧ򣬸вͬȴ;ͬ飬Ƿ׷ȴֻһĿģǾʥδ֮ǰؼ䱾Զһֱʲô࡮ȴδӣͲҪأ
ƵŨŨϲһһ˵ĵ޴޴֮ν׷ӣȻ֪׸ʲô࣬β˷Դ
ôࣿµˣٶ˼һΣƲûãνһͨͨܿƾ뵽˲ķ
ǣ
û࣬һӿԷֽΪһ򵥵ڣգô֮ͬҲܻڣһӣһɣİȻΪԼ֪ˡ
ƱԼ뷨Ūʮֵ˷ܣӾȻһ㣬еһжڻͨˣ˿ƤһǰʱһȻʣûͷǣ֪Ƶĸо
ϸϸ׽ʱĿڤ˼ɶһߴߴĽлҲǳţƤһƪɬףһ̣ƵȴһԾ

Ҳ֪˶ãƳһƤϣѾ߰˲İա
˫̩ɽʯϥȫָ񹬣ǹͨ
ʦ磬ȻСȴҪֹǿ˺ܶ࣬׾ͱ֪ˡ
˿̵ƣ񣬽ǵӽǣȻһִԱߵļ񣬷·𿴵⼸Լһ㣬ָоʮֵ
ȴûʱȥĸоǷڡ
ΪףʶóģҲֻй̽ѣٹֻʱˣҲ꣬ڵľ磬Ѿ漣ͨڽĳףʱҲʲô¡
ˣ
ָһεһӹƮ˳һεڶӽƮ
ĸ
ʵûô˳Ҫһã׽һһȺ˳һӣѶȲһĴ
һΣൽʮãʮȻ飬û٣ûʲôһξܳɹģҪϵĳԣϵȡ飬Ƭ̣´߶ǣһһε࡮


199 ʢɣ
ͨƪٶڣһһεĳԣı˳һҲ̫ѣֻҪϰҵ֮Ǿ׺ܶˣһʼֻʮεϵٶڣѾܹ˳һ롣
һƮָ֮һһͬɫ㵽һһƣƮһ㣬ںϷƶϼصĳĻζһ£һﻺƳϸһԭһɾɾĶˣһССĻ
ɾѸٵպе߲ʺۿɼٶѸ׳ɳʹĻҲԽԽ
еĺѸٵ½һĹ򣬾Ȼ˵ףУƷٵĻۣصġ
һ룬Ҫɾɣƾٶǲ֪û϶ã̩ɽʯâҫʥԴԴڣһΣʥûоֱעУǶ京δŵĺɻա
ʥ֮Ǻɻֱӷ賤տʼͶѿһСȴ򱻴˴ѿһϲ䡣
һ꣬ȴַ֮з죬Ƕɻҡڣģá
һƬϸСĺҶ̯ڲʹ뵵ĳϣСҲŻǶķɳʥԴԴʵϼָ񹬣˿̵Ҳ޾İ֮С

ʺ޹
һŮڴͷܰߣ˵ʲôĻüŮȴܰ߰˷ֵƣҲǸǵ˶ȻҪһЩȴһζҲʧϡ
ŮǴʺĻԭ䣬̫߹ܰµĸ档
ĸ밲
ܰͻʺ˵Ļһˡ
ɣϹһ˿Цݡ
ƿ˽ĸ״ڼһãЩ»Ҫ顣

ת˿ܰ£ɾ¶ôһã״ᣬɵĳˣǺ¶ĸûꡣ
纹˺ĸ󣬶£㾡ܷľǡ
һۣҪܷģǿɾͺˣһ㶼ĸʡģʲô״ᣬʲôèˣ˵Ǹʵɲ⣬Ӧ֮ߡ
һ̧ͣͷܰ£ֶĸ󣬻Ӧö㽲˰ɣ
΢΢ף˵Ǹƣ
ͷˣЩֶεġ
εҡͷŻѾ㸸˵ˣʵǿĲֱչˣʱܲƹسμ׻һǲһϵö׼ʱһЩèʤˣѵ¶޳ȥⲻǻһô
Ĭһ£ĸ󣬴¶Ҳпǣǵĸ꿡ܣΪμģǹĪ⣬ܶӣҲһƴ֮Ҳмλ粻⣬ڻǴ˴δʤߣȮҲһˣȮְ˻Ӱ˹ɲ⣬룬ʱ˷ֵһ飬ضܾˣ޷ϵǣ֮λ¾ֻ߹ѡˣһлõ˼
˵ţ翴ܰ¡
ܰҧҧ촽֣״֮գѹһѹô
Цһ£Ѹ£ܱ䣿
ܰԣį
״˸ܰµʾοתûǸƣ취ɡ
統ȻҲ֪ܰµ˼ĸ󣬴Ȼ޷䣬˴βμ׵˺ܶ࣬ӿʼ֮ǵûϲʱ䣬ǴῪʼƻûгأ취ֱӽʱûֵܳĻҲûа취ˡ
һЩʱհɣԣ˵ͷתܰ£𱸵ĵƣʲôʱˣȻչ¶ģǲ飬ʲôʱĸĺúС
ĸ󣡡ܰºߴĻ
ϴЦܰµ磬ȥɣֺ飬Ī˲ӡ
ˣ
ܰºȥ̾Ϣ

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˾ʹܰ¿һ
ôˣܰ¼״вһ¡
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ող˵Ѿźôܰɫһ䣬ʧɫ
ˣȻһЦŵģְ£㻹вĵô
ʲôʱˣ㻹˼ҿЦܰ¶ʱֱ
ϽһԣСĻҲˣ޵Ȯȥ
ܰ¾죬Ứۿת
أôð޵ȥĸ󻹲ҰܰᣬˣϽο֪ϲƣʵһʮֵƻ
˭ϲˣܰԣߴ
ѵôˣҲȥЩ񣬵ʱûһɣ˹ܶǣҲһ
㡭ܰ߼һ£ϸӬĵ˵ʲôƻ
ʲô˼ϲػǲϲҪǶûʲô˼ҲûҪˡ
Ҳˣܰһ쵽˶
û㣬ﲻңٺһЦŮģǿ϶ϲˣ
˵˵ȥĸǶ״˵۸ҡܰ´󷢽ץһ
ͣ
мܲסϽͣһűܰ۵ĵطһ߱Թи˭ѧģôף˭Ȣ㣿
ҪٸȡЦңһ㣡ܰ˵ţֽһ˫˵ƻʲô
ϽģһЦ֪㲻Ʋô˾мλͨĸ֣ƵʱܼʱμӣұҸð棬Ʋǣ
ܰһͣĬƬ̣Ҫģʮϲܲμӣ˾ĸǶ࣬ûһʮµģ
ȻһЦʵڲУҲȥЩ֣
ܰ·˸ۣҿĿİɣ
˶˵ͬģȻʢᣬôٵأһЦòԴ½꿡ǣȻҲȥԱԡϸ£ƲҲð棬Ʋ
һİۣܰºĵǵʵȴǲԶˣҪʤһ֣ѣ
ôҰ
ҿʲôãؼҪǸʵܰµ˵õҲʵ綼Ǹͻʦ粻ãȻѾʦڵʵôǰʦڵȷ㲻ʲôˡ
˶ֻҵ֮ǰˣ
ܰ³ĬҲ֪˼ʲô
ֻ֪֪Īˣһģ
ţ


״Ὺʼա
Уɻֹʥ˵ĻѾֱһˣ֮תǾ޴Ļɢ貵Ĳʹ⣬䣬ƺ
֨
һѲ죬ʼţһŨŨ㣬Ƭָ񹬡
ƬɫĻ꣬ʢ
ɣɴӣĹ棡
ƵԺﷴ߶仰ǿ̨֮ϣǶɫӣмСͣʥ
ǣ
缦ѣлûССӰݷλ̨룬ɮ붨һ㣬ϸһСˣƵĿһģһ
ಣ
Ҳ֪˶ãСͻȻΪһƲʹ⣬Ź̽ȥ̼û֮С
Ź⻪ʮĸоСˣһڣںһڤڤ֮УлСں֮󣬾ǵЩʶʼѸٵںϡ
һǣС꣬ܣǱ˻ǣںϣôɵˡ
ţֻи򣬳ףѣһֻ̣ھŻգסȴӲĸͨ档
ٹûзӦ񣬶ҫ۵Ĺ⻪ʥע񣬱߲ʺʹٵںϡ
˿ھ֮УһῴһľڿУһʵ̨ҽǵ㣬ϲʹתٷһ㣬ֻӲǹͷȥЩࡣ
ɶ̧ͷյƣССʶĸоɻ󲻽⣬ȴֳϲͺ棬ųҲ̨֮ϡ


200 ɣ
ɣɴӣĹ棡
˫գ̬꣬ȫںϵ¸о֮С

պܿȥ
⹬޼ǰľ޴㳡ϣѼ̨ܺЩػ֮⣬ûˡ
״ĵһ죬Ը۵ǣҪΪˣ˵ʤţȻҲӹţ඼ƾλһ죬ӭȢ׸۷塣
ݬ룬ڶ࣬ȻôӿʹԣԣȻмԣ󲿷ֶ̭ʣµЩеţʸμ䶷
ѡַ˳ַͰɽַУԣǿ߷ɽľлʹںͻʼֱӦַһٰͬ졣
컹ûǾѾʼˣַǰų˳һĦȭƣ׼һչȭţɳһΪһŶȻƺΪ֮λĪˡ
ո峿Ҵҵ
壬ֵܿɳˣ
ĵʱҲǸոڴŹǷҲ˲ü񣬸Ͻʵ
һǷ꣬ҡҡͷûôʼô
˵ͷ
ˣģ˵ô֮ǰأСӼֱ˵㻰ȥг
壬ֵܳأǣģԻ취һ仰תȥûгأֻʱˡ


СӣԼȢϱ˼Ұæǰæ󣬵ǻʵ۲̫࣡һţһԺƱչ֮ȥ
ߵԺͼſڣߡ
СӣģģĶȥʵ
̧ͷģ˻μ״ȥ
ģμ״᣿ĺķһ䡣
үҲ̫С˰ɣ˺ұΪ״ܲԶμӣֱӴظɣң⼸һҵأ
㻹ǰͷߵɣЩˣ
ķ˸ۣ䣬æϣүţȥˣҪȻԣǿûϷˡ
ȻĽסȥƽг
һֵͣܲǻڱչôߵأһ߻ħզϻǱˣ˰ˣ
ι㡭ֻһһûӰһģȴ޿κΡ
ԭվվĻԺȥȻóȻߵţѱչص˻һΣյ£ǵȥС

ʣ
Ʊչ֮һԺʮֵ䣬ȫģƱչ֮ǰк׼κŵģȻƿԺӵĴţȴ쾮һͷ쳣ҫۣһȴǺԺУҲ֪ʲôʱģ˶ã
Żͷһۣʾ
Ļ⣬æսͣŵߵŴʦߣʣ˼ôЩӲ㣬һΪȥˣ
أѹɤŵѾмˣʲô
Ƴأ״ѾʼˣٲĻش
ʩڹеؼʱ̣Īŵ
Ǻãԣʱˡ
űĿһ׵£ȸһ԰ɣǾ򹦿һ߻ħ˼
ˣмĻ𣬲ŵĻɲҲ̧ͷǰľҿȥֻϲʹתŷһڣоԣˬ
Сʲôĵдʮֵĺ;ȣҪȥſŷϿ
𶯣ûʲôÿģ
һ仰סʵڼǰʱ򣬱ѾſŷϿˣĿ֮˰죬̨֮ϣŹ⻪ӣһ֪ҪĤˣĿˣǻгһƿɲá
ԣֻ㬵˻
ŵףҲ
ҼĲ⡣
˵ӶɽʱҸǷףֻϧ򼸸£ûջ񡣡
ʣ˵ˣһ
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ˣеܵûеѹûھȥ޲Ÿոտʼȥռ̨ʵΪ²ߣҪʤҪ޾ĳս籣ʵһʤ
ȻֻԼʵŵ˵뷨ȵ̨ϵ۵òеʱʤʣȴǼڱԼ˺ûڵһʱ̨׷̨ս
Ҳڵһʱ̨սλռݰɫ̨ĴɢޣűչسȻһսһսûкķʵҪսȥĥϣһѵõᡣ

Ʋ֪˽ʲôֻ֣֪ԴɢޣƤڣĶʵʮ꣬ĵһЩ壬Ѵԭ򣬶ǰʵҲЩ׽ĸо
ԷɲͬĸоȻֳ˶壬ǣֻҪ̨Ƕ֣ҪôȥҪôѶԷȥ
Ͷ˶ƹ˹֣š
ƣҲ֡
һɢޣʮܴﵽڵľ磬ʾˣͶȡһ޴ڳųʮֻǡ
ëɫףѩ㴿峤˳࣬ⷭÿһͷﵽ׵ĲΣԭǸԦʦ
ͶһֻĴ࣬صͳʮ˵׹ӹɲǼ㽫Χ
һѱͿԳΪˣ޿ʦڣʮ˸ʦڵĸΧѰʦ¶ֻжܡ
𣡡
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ӰʮͷǻѾѪˮȾ͸İëҲ˴죬Ѿûս֮мͷѾſڵϣ֪
һ֮˹
ͣԼʮͷǾȻܴˣͶ۲ѣۼֽøϽͣ
ӹͶϲ磡һԦʦ˵޾õĻ飬Ȼ֪УԼĻ鱻ɱ
ջسͶ˹֣Ͷ̽ʮͷ˵ս޴ֱ̨֮λøơ
̨¾Ȼһö䣬ĸ̨ںսʱѽ˵һȶƵʵȻǿ
ת̨¿ȥڴս˰죬ҲĿɨȻ˶ԾԾԣȴû˸ж
ұֵЩˣпЦһ£Լֳʵǲˡ
壡
ֳʵȷѺܶ˶嵽ˣͶʵȻǿһ䣬ڳûܰ쵽
ǿĶֶսԴҷ׷ƣתȥս̨
̨֮ϣƱ
ܽú֣ȴûϵ档
ĸ̨Լȴ壬˶ûУվ̨ϣۿԱߵս
һʱ䣬ռ˺̨̨ԴɽһλϹصɢռݣ̨ɱܹ̫Ӽռݣ̨ҲɱԬɽռţһһԽսԽ£·֪ƣ㣬ʵӡ


209 Ϲ
ߣһʱֻսߣ׵ȥ
Ŀ̨ڻϣɭɭļһһʼͶڽ·̨ϵսĮģȴ֪ʱſϳ֡
ʱ̨ϵĶǸ̨֣սģûиǿ֣߳ǫ̂ˣӦñյʤˡ
һִ̨ˣ˷׷ȡãȻʵǿ󣬲ĳսв
Щսһֲ̨ĵȥսһҲޣ̨ϼҲòȥ
ݵͣЪʱų̂ս˶Ͻʱָ
Ⱥվһˡ
ڻ꣡
Ŀֱָƣһ񣬷·ܽ˶ᡣ
ڻ꿴ԼԾԾԵĸоֹһ˵ڻ꣬ʵɲ⣬п֮λߣڳЩսߣƿ۵ûռ̨ôãҲսǿһҲֻУԣʮڴڻһս
һ̣λĿⶼڻϣ϶ǽ֮ɫ˶֪λʵɲ⣬ӳڣڻÿһս۶˭жǿֻһбսжǿû֪
ۼڻ꿴ƣҶΪҪսƣҲڴλǿ߼սǣ˴㵵ǣڻĿֻƵͣƬ̣űƵһɫ̨

̨һĺ˶ΪڻҪսƣȴû뵽ȴȥսλɢϹء
Ϲأ磬ʮ꣬ʹģȻǸɢޣȴҲЩǴʷһ꣬Ϲ
˵λϹ˶ųŪ·ǧǰʱʺ֣ϲϲ˺࣬ÿҪʦ࣬һĵʦ봵Ķӣÿǰ࣬ģôôڳһҵӣƲϹƭգʷʹ
꣬ˣ֮ӼλλҲλʺʲͬ˼ϲ࣬ôĶӵ¿ɺã̻̲գֵһ¶ţǿ۾ҪɱͷģȥϽʰˡ
ϹʱЦһһĳЩûбȴðбµˡ
ֻǣ֪ǳЦϹʵǸ汾µˣǸֵţ޵ǽһѧһףԳƵΪ
ƿϹصս˵ǺӦƣһʩչֵĹƷƼ൱ʤ֮λУϹƾֱ£ʤɵġ
Ա֮ʩǰ۵ϼʶ۵ǻƺڵȽϻҪϹصЩ
ҲϹΪܻڴĶдģʹôʶƵԭ򣬱ʶĵȻ޷ġ
ϹۼڻԼ̨ҲԵľһ¡
ˣ
ڻû˵һӣһ۵һ̨ϡ
ɥӣ
Ϲؿڻǿӣͫһ˿£ĵҲЩ
ڻû˵ֻǾĿϹأһűϣû˿һ˫ӣȴ˲ֱӡ
ϹüͷһͷϽ˿˿亹üһ˿ԥΣȻֱת̨ȥ
ڻ꣬ϹؾȻսûУ
̨¾󣬵ȴû̫⣬һֻڻʵ̫ǿһ·ɥû֣ϹȻ湦ǣɥ˻ǡԪ򲻵ѣڻǰðգΪ
ԱߣȴǿЦԼ˶սٻóУǣڻ꣬Ȼһδͽˣôǿô
ĿڻϣЩиڴһս
Ϲ̨ȴûие˿߳ܣûоʹ˷ޣ̨ɨһȦԥƬ̣ȴǳԤϵƵ̨
֣㿴Һ
ƺ˺һڻսȴսԼĪǣԼڻꣿ
ϹϷһ˿΢Цûаɣ
ʵϹص˼ܼ򵥣޵ʱ༸λҲйսӮΨƣûսڻֶι죬ﲻսƵֶοֵһս
룡̯̯֡
Ϲһ㶣ɣ
ԲӦ䣬Ա֮ʩԷУȫʧȥá
ȳֵĻ¸ûгֵĻˣƵȻһЦҪӦкַܶ
൱Ŀ
֮ǰչֳȷǸʱ
¾ܳУϹص˶
˵ģƵ
°ҲԹ
Ϲص˵ͷ˫ߣʱ׼ʩչ
ǻһĨȣֱһһϹصǰһȭֱϹصؿںȥ
Ϲؼ״󾪣ƾȻûʹսȫĴԷʩչսȫ˰裬ֻüֱǰһƵȭͷϡ
أ
ƵʥС꣬һȭûʹȫϹȴѾڵһֱӱ̨
Ϲ̨£ĺſסΣ̧ͷһ΢Ц
ϹЩʣһ»ûʩչȻͱ̨ҲԵƵʵǲܿģһȭȻֵģĻոһȭֱֻ۷顣
򲻹ƣϹֻҶ֣һȦǸ֣Ǵ򲻹ģڻ˵ʣһֻӵǶ񣬲ԬɽеϹֱӽų⣬ԬɽǸ񣬳սʤС
ԥһ£Ϲ˽̨ӣ̨
ţϹŰս̫ӼƣҶЦݿϹأڿϷһս̨ˡ
ͬʹһڴӣʹսƺϤԯӸʥ֮еõʥҪϲ٣Ȼ޾µĴУܹԯӸҲˡ
ˣˣˣ
ӷǰָһһǿźֱϹضȥ
ȻŴսܣϹزûлң˫ģƮһεѸǰγɡ
ˣ
ǿһ㱻ɣһԸٶȵֱƵȥ


210 ⣡
һײըڶϹش𾢣ǿ󣬱һһ£Ȼиǹԭ֮ƣտʼʱײڿϹصĵطǽȴżƿ
ƵҲһ˿ɫԱ֮ʩǷ֮
˶ʤףôֲ£ǻˣҲϹعľˣһϹطһǰϡ
ӺȻɳֱϹײȥսϹصĺܴǿڻƴҪ̨ȥȻ֣Ϲæе𣬹˫ƣܾȫŻȥ
ˣ
ӾҵĻζһ£̨ϣ䶨ϹѾײ˳ȥ
̨˸ϽܣϹһˤýʵʵ
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˰죬³һѪοûôˣอˣϹ̧ͷ̨ϵˣдŨŨʧ˫ۣǷϵ˽ȺУˡ
Ĭ
ʱûκȥЦϹأ٣ȥƴˣ

Σų̂սΪλʹ䶨ʱһĴȴһӰԾڵİɫ̨ϡ
䣡
䱻̨֮󣬾ûȥˣոϹصһϵսȴּĶ־̲סһս
ڰǰԬɽһսʱԾԾƸһܣֻǺƱչˣչسƵʵ˲٣ʮֿ϶ʱƶϣԻһͿأǣк֪±ǿ˶٣֮便жĲࡣ
ǰڸĸӵ֣Լ򣬻ȥԬɽƾʵܰԬɽ̨
ֵһսֵܲߴͽ̣ģĶƹ˹֡
룡
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ܵսһɳǹУһǹ˺ѿһ̶ıֵܣ֣
ϣ߶Ӣ磬һѸΪһǹӰֱȥ
һӣǹӰΪΣڰ֮ǰսȷɵƵʵѾʵķԾӦȻǾᡣ
սȷǲСģʵҪϹʤһֻһȡɣġӢȴһǰǹָƲɵ
ϹرһȭɣΪҵ˿ţ䣬ȻǲͬĴ򷨵ģңһȾƳ⣬ǲ̫ѿ
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ЦȻô죬Ŷʮغϣܸоǹ˼ӣԲûжȫĻһ̨ˡ
ྐྵȻ˴󣬲Ű¶ѣôģ̫˰ɣһ̿ʼǳױ۷ˡ
ǿߣˣ

ʱĩɽ
ǵļս̨Ѿ޷Ťתսˣ̨ûַԽ֮սĻ
λơڻꡢơԬɽǿеǿߣڻ֮⣬ÿһĳս֮ǿˣûκ˸顣
ϲλʤ
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ô鷳
ԬɽƲƲ죬һ䣬ʲôԣͲȤϲȭͷùȥսһսȻЩսɻʵܸоߡ
˵û˵ʲôĹףص˫ȫģԲɲȡ
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ܰԥһ£˵Щʲôִյ껶ߵ
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˶׿껣ѰĿǻʲôĿĿʲô
⣬Ϊһ⣬ȸһԹİ⣬׵Ƚ׶ʤڶ⣬ȸһԹİ⣬׵Ƚ׶ʤ

·ɻ󣬾̨ϵ˶һãȻⲻһôĻʲ˵˰ɣ
Ƿһ˿ȣλõڶ͵һһʵĲͬӣöˣΣһ׵Ƚ׸ʤڶ׵Ƚ׵ʤ

˻һ·Ǿ׵ʤʲôѵҪôڳߣôܶˣ
ǽˣڶ֮ҲЩѣ
е⣡Ƭְ֮Ŀ˸߸ϵϣҶֱѹĵ⣬¸ӱ̬
ʱڿˣһ⣬ҲЩΪѶȣĿǹģ벻ɣλһԣȸһսսһ
ⲻѧ
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̨УڻڣüͷȻ⣬̫ˣ˵޽⣬Ψһˣһ˿Ц⣬˾ơ
սǲܣһ㣬ᣬ确Ǳһչֳ˿սġ
ܰºˣİԼװ϶֪Լ£ԣŻܰ³⣬һĿ
һҹʱ׼һ磬Ҳڴ˵أһ£ҲѯʵĻᣬһ仰ֱ뿪ˡ
̨

ģⲻô
˻ʹЩ֡
ֲ£㼱ʲôһ۵˹ȥ
˺ⲻżôĿ˳ô
ι԰⻰Ҫɱͷģĵһ䡣
ԣһЦһ˵Ŀ̫ˣһ⻹˵⣬ʵѣһ⣬޽⣬սⱲӻûаô


211 ǰԣ
һ˿ȣҲǣ
⻰Ҳǣ΢΢ף˵ĵҲЩҿͱϢˣúооǣ
ҽ۵òᣬҪȥúϢϢҪооһЦģƺⶼѾء
ңԣֱҡҡͷ˰ɣΪôô㱾£ͽЦ
㵹Щ֪֮ƹЦ
һ㻹ϵİɣʱ̫үĲ㡣


صȥο˿Ǽһﻹʵ֮Ѿ޷ˣȻ˾ô䱸ɭϣҲǲӡ
Ƶ걻ҲΪ˷Ʒ޷ٴ߶ҵˣĻһѻطˣһ
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Ϊ״ᣬԳ֮󣬺кܶⶼûüѯʣŵ֪ƻæˡ
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Ƶ˵ͷȡ˳ݵֱߣԭ
Ѿã׿˿ףĹ棬ǰʥ澭ţԺͨ׵޼֮УܿףڷѾǧ꣬׵ܣǸ֪֮٣ʩɷΪҽ󣿡
ԱϣĿƵĿƣĿ⣬·һѧʦһ㡣
Ƶ޵ǽа壬Ҳ˵ֻԼ򣬷֪⡣
ŵƷ̨ĪǣǾν
οʩɷָһŵ
һ⣬ƷѣǾһҪдǻۣԣԼǿְֵָĽǣһȴʧȥ׵ı棬ѧᣬҲԴɣ
ƳҲԼЩͻˣ
ʱƵʦԣмߵԣܿ⣬ûԣ֪йؼҲɾͣҲԸָ㣬ǲܣһξģǿĬдʦξУ
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ƵͷһЦǣ
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׵ͨǶξģֵǧ;ͬ飬֣֣Ȼţȴй֮ͨ
Ȼɻ󣬲ҲƵĻ˴룬Ǿ׼ȥ򣬷޵ĶǷ֣ŵľ
ʩɳ˷ʵ
Ƶ˵ͷ׵ȷĹЧŶѡ
ʦɾͷʢᣬʩмĻˡΪȻгĶǾͳŮˣôһʳڣǰ;Ůǲˡ
óŵĻУֻ˵мĻᣬû̫Ŀ϶ʤļˣԬɽͼƶˣʮֵİսʤϽҲи߷ֵİգΨǸڻ꣬ЩûףҲǸоڻǿɣԻûôĿ϶
ˣҾͲʩˣʩǺ׼һյı԰ɣŶƵһ䣬ȥ

ʹ
ĹûԼ޹֮ǰһ㶼ĸסܰ£СػʺסھʹС
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Ҫ˵ƣҲмֱ£浭һЦĸҲʲôʡ͵ĵƣܲЦ󣬻˵̫ܶӶǿԭˣǸ߸ϣĸµĴڣơ¶ˣ
Ļû˵꣬нǼΪ˵ݣҪλģ֮ܰµݣضҲδĻʺԭĻʺݵλҪ滹Ҫ󼸷֣ĹҲ
ƣƽΨһһ֪ٵݣܰ¼޸е⣬ֻҪǸ˶ó
ܰԣϵЦһͷƬ̣ĸúˣлᣬҲʼңǰ㣬ѵش󣬽ԿȥǲǶҪġ
ԣҲҡͷһ̾ʼӵܣȷǧأŮӣˣܰ»ЩĻӰͱͳȥˣĶʦڵĸʲô״ᡣ

һҹܿȥʱĩ־ۼ޼ǰԣȻ֮ǰôʣǰۿȻ٣Ļʳ⣬˻ȥԣʵѣҶ뿴ν⣿
վ̨ϣƿ̨ϵˣЩ㲣Ȼҹûк۵ģƣ˯һҹ˿Ǿȡ
ĻЯŻʺ٣ɽ֮껶ַʹ˸ɫֵǰԿʼ
һҹظλгˣԣԵһڿʼһܰ¹µİ⣬Ƚ׸ʤ
һֵԬɽĿԴ
Ԭĳ裬˾ȨԬɽͷŤŤ죬ڶŸ߸ϵĻʹ˹ֱ̨
ȨּȨ
ֱӲˣЩ̫˰ɣ
ΧԬɽˣеǼֱ̫ΪˣȤͲϣһ֪ʤ㣬ֱȨЩҹһѹûаϡ
ֻǺƲͬǣֱӷȴгأҹԺ⣬˵ѣǣ޴½˵ȷ޽⡣
ǶˡԬɽһ̨⵽
ԬɽûĿ䣬бϰ
˲ʱˡ
ԬɽԶȨ˶ЩʧôʣĸϣȨǡ


212 棡
ڶֵܹ̫ӼƣԲŸտʼ̭һλ֣Ҳ˵ֻ̭һˣɾˣɲΪܹ̫ӻˣһ⣬ʮֵŵġ
ׯ϶£ֹģʵڲʱˣȻ֪һ㣬ûûӣȡһ̵֧ѣֱ껺ܰ˹
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ƽ̵ѷߣ˫΢գƬ֮󣬻һƬž˶۾ϸϸƷζżƵĵ
һ˵ƮɢȻȻڳÿһ˵ĶУÿ˵ʶֶԺ֮Ƴһ
Ե֮ԵڼƵĵУ˶ԼеԵ֣е÷еǰ·飬еҵԼԵ֣еȴ֪ԼԵںδеĻԲеȴƾԲһϣϲ򱯣㯣
߽׵ӾӣֻҪֱģ˵
йоأҲ߽׵Ĳˣһޣһҹ֮䣬һλܹ̫ȻҲǵ֮
£˶ʧԵ֣û˶ԼԵٻģˣӰһԵ֣
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£ϵǣһȻﵽ߽ĲΣⲻɵƶԼָ߿һ֡
һҹ֮䣬ø壬ʱ򣬽߽ĲΣ츳ֻˣҪ֪ɲģҪɣֵм
̫йоЩܹ󵨵Ƴ¾ɣӵĵȽӦûһЩ
Ѿ¼ĵϧùƶɣഴ֮
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˵ĿⶼƵϣܰ£ǳڴżƴࡶԵʱԺֵ︡ģƵӰӵ϶ƱԵ֡
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׻׶ȴвʧŷϣѾ˳¾ɣ˶Ŀһ£
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214 
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΢΢ף˵λˣĪǾ
ڨڨһЦûлش
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ΪʦԲ㵣˿Сϣֿ˿磬̫ʦʵβɣ
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ҡͷ޵֮϶ΪʦȴҪ״õöࡣ
Һεºܣ̫ʦھ綼ȫûͽ֮£ͻȻôһ£ȴЩֲ
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һ£̫ʦȴ̰ͼʲôôֻӵܡ
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Զ˶٣ǵ֮󣬻Ұɡ
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ƳĬˣ϶Ҳѡ񱨸ɳ֣ɱ񣬷ɱĸͶǲ롣
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νİ˱ôƿЦҡͷԺֱӽ̫ʦɣĻֻܽˡ
ֻǣΨһƲǣȻôһţΪû˵أ˵ǰȥԼңǴɽļҲδɩ˵塣
Ȼв⣬Ƶỳ׫ƭԼ̫ʦмڴˣңҲ˵ȷϣһüٵġ
յСͽܣ仹СΪʦֽ׶ΣҲûʲôȵöʶ
ȴЩ֪ʶɣ
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һǻսһƴվ̨ϵһλʤߣʤ߱Ǵñ˳˳뻳ˡ
ϣλ㵽ֹ
껼򵥵һ仰ⳡռԾĻ
μҹԼѣŽʹ˸ɫʾһȰڻ˵ȴǲ֪ǷԼ˼
ڻһģϲʱһ仰û˵ȻѣһɨһϮ棬ģƾǻ˸顣
ֻڻǧƣڤڤһɭһֵñĿ쳣߾űĳƵͷȥ
˸ˣǼ㳡Ҫŵ˿ӣȴǺܿعһڻһл⡣
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218 VS
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ƵϣǵûаԼȹڻ꣬ȴڻʹսָ衷ָһһɫָӰӵһơ
Ƽ״ֻʱڻƵңٱôһƣ͸Ǳˣæὣ񵲣ָųһƴݲеĻ𻨣˺
̧ͷһѾڻվһ
ʵҲֽܹûǳԣ϶ѡ֣ǣϣưѷ˳ڸֵֶΣڻǿҲֻǸʦڣмʤ㣿
ԣĶ֣ڻƣڽѾͻڣΨڻ꣬Ƚưˣſһ˿ʤ㡣
μ״ᣬĲԼ׵۹˵ϵشݲ˽˸飬ֻҪϣҪƴһƴ
֪ʲôĻֻЦˣΪ֣ܶȴû뵽֣һڻ꣬û̽ʵڼϽϵѹ档

鷳ˣ֣ǲУ̨ϣüͷҲûϵȻѡڻ֡
ǺãܰҲˡ
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һƲֵܵʵȷ̫ǿˣǿ˶ˡ


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ƻһ𣬹ĻȻըкָ˲ըԸٶȣڻͽȥ
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ڻ˴һʧʹ¯࣬ҲޱȵĽ

ָһͳ쳹أһķɢ󣬵ڶУȴ·ǧԼĴԣĸоһʹ
Ȼ䣬ʶЩɢǵͨ죬д󺧣ҧҧ⣬ָʶԥļʥ̨
Ʒ̨ΪƴСͷƬƬ⣬ȫ˱а֣ס̨ȹ̣
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죬ʶһεƶУֻǾЩȴû֮ǰͷѣʶɢĸоˡ
Ʒ̨Ȼܿʧӣ
һߣΪɵڻóȻսֻǾԹۣŻ
̨ػ˼ɣӭϣһڻϮȥǸУڱֳʵ˵Ѿˣȳڻ꣬ʣһ㲻Ϊǡ
ۼʧȻЧڻҲһ˿ȣɥһգڿն𣬱ܿƷ磬ƮȻ̨ߵһϡ
ȶڴϣٹڻĮĿһۣ޾ɱ⡣
״󾪣ȡһưɫӣ߶ǧӲӵƮڽԺһֹȦ磬֣·顣
ƣַߵȼıַΪһƷȴܷʹãƱǽרԿڻаıзһ׸߽Ϊдػɰа֡

߽ϣ羪һվĿƵĿ̨ϣܰѽƵ˽ڻʹӦþǴľˡ
еһףԪ޼ȴ֪Ƹεֵ
Ķ̨Ƹоһַ͹¼ţС֮һڻеĶɢ
̨ϵֺ֮»Ұڷ˻ţ·ڤ˲ս
Ʒʥ´ƬԣȻаֵʥ˿̾ȻЩûа취Ȼд󲿷ֱɹ赲һֺ͸ʥػƵ壬ɶһ̣Ȼû˿Ч
壬˲ʱоǵı䣬·ʲôڷٵš
ؼֱνޱȣֱϣԪ֪Ԫ֮һԣ׳꣬Ҳ;ƿݣ֮Ҳôʿηڻԭ
оţޱȾ֣ʥ޷ȫֹʴӵˡ
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ƴ֮£ûлң
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һһưɫӾ֮ɢӭǵصĺӭȥѸٵľһ
ڻۼƾȻֵܵԼĴиһ˿ȣȫ߶̨֮Ϻʢ
ƵػҲȻۼڻĴ࿹ҲǱо죬ƵֶΣȷֵڻˡ
ʮָ֮裬ƵĶͷϽһ˿ˮڻϾ֮Ѿã֮ϵ򣬱ڻ֮ϵԶ
ȻȷпƴĹЧʩչ޷ǴƬĺ۳һƬƬǰɫֵҲڽڽڰˣѸٵ


219 Ʒ
Ψ֮ˣ
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ƽ𣬼ǺˣʥٶȳУΪ
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ڻüͷһ壬δңһĶãȫͬʱɥӼǰ
ˣ
ɥ֮ϣɥӾҵһ𣬷һǿƲɵһ
һԽ״˲ӭսڻ߶Ǳľ棬һڻˣҲûʲôˡ
һɫǹǹȵĵâֱƸߴȥƴһãĳǹȿҽڵһ壬ڿշ
һָ֮У֮Ϊһڹ⣬˲Ƶںϣһɱըʽתȫ˲ʱ˼һ
֮ںϣ
֮ںϣ

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з壬ȻڶʱڼҲǾ޴ޱȵģû㹻ͺ֧ţֲ˶ãڷʱսʤ֣һʱһعָʩ߻һʱڣʱֻܱˡ
սʤڻͽҲңѾףҲټƬ̶ѡ

ʤߣĹƣ
ַһߺϲϧȴǶ̨ǵӰͶȥĽͳݵĿ⡣
ԵһҲǵһһжһʤʵ飬ûκ˸ɡ
ܰ¿̨ǵӰָоϲ
˫ȫΪ״ʤߣպ볯ֶƵ


220 ͣ
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صƼȡ̩ɽʯʥģһɺ࣬ʵһ˿˿ɺԵľҲ
壬ԺòУ
ڲʦ磬ԽʹھֶΣǾôĵġ
һ붨һգ̩ɽʯԴԴϵʥʵȫָһνƶɣ
ֻھ磬ɻһ൱ľ롣
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Գģһ٣˵ͷǹȷа𣬲˵Գףкθݡ
ֲҪᣬҲҪֻȷȷϡƺоᣬԬɽæԳʼ֧ǰԳһλףŴԳ̶ǧʱ䣬޳֤֮׼ʥλʥ֮һǰʿΧ֮£Ҳ֮ʧ֪ôõô׵ģ
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˭ǶǼǿ׼ʥѾʿļޣϱʥˡ
ʵҼģԬɽûҪ˼Ҳ⣬ʵ档
ģƵĻԬɽЩš
ƽľһߣ֪Ǵӷа׼ʱ򣬾Ҳ겻ѣ·̯϶ܼ̫ף޻˵ˡ
Ԭɽ̾Ϣѣһƹ˹ֵ֣ôԳУԳѣпϾҵɽһԬĳؽɨӭ
СӵѣǾѣֵܣпձҲߣҲ
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ֵƻðɣʵ
ֻСˣ޴󰭣ϴįʧκʧܸˣֵðοǣܹҲûֵʲôôңҲѾˣȥ֮ҲиҪҲֻܹԼˡ
λһɣ˸ƣ븮
ҡҡͷǸ·λֵܣʹ˱ѣԵٻᣡ
Ҳǿ˻
濴͸ŽıӰҡͷ
Ц㻹˼Һôأ׻˵ֶ̣̣˼Һôô˵˼һˡ
ʵʵ˵˶
Ƶ˼ҿǴ׹̫ӣҲҸ˼ɫ㰡


״᳾䶨˵ϣյȴһƥкܶ˶֪ơ
һԿ϶ǣλǸţԵ˵һϣһ֮ս׹̫Ӻ͹֣õ˶Ƶϡ
νһսգǵĽͷβ̸ƣ֮ǰۺʯ൹̨ķ˸ѹȥ
в߶ʧϧ뿪ǣ峿ԡ֮󣬻һ·Ľʥ

ǵ

ڵȺ򣬵һɽæ߽
껸߸ϣ·ٹٹڰٹĿУߵ£ݵưݼ£
񣡡
ƣǷһ˿ȣתһּ̫ʹ˸ɫ
ּ̫һʥּǰʥּչһѼɤӸ̵ˣʵگԻĳ£˲ŽԱطӷƷ̫򣴨ǣʳһǧ뷽֮߹飡


221 ̫

Ŵ̧ͣͷ껿ȥЩԼĶ䣬ҪԼ֮λʵô粻˵֮λԼȥô
ּɣּּ̫⣬˫ʥּĽʥּƵȥ
ȴûлعɵ㶵վԭأʥּҪǽˣɾûǰˡ
ּл˵ԥʱ򣬶ߴĴ
ʥּ£ӣǾǿּ𣬴ƻعæּл
ٹأʥּȴо쳣ĳأо᲻ѣܰµĸ飬Ȼ㲻ǳҲ㲻ܰ¶⣬ҲɱϾʶʱ̫̣ôʵһգЩΪ
һ̣оԼȻˣΨпЦֻæϾˡ
£糯ֻ֪Ա߲˵ȴ֪Ƕ˵Щʲôˡ

𰡣
ӹųʥּ̾ЩѣۿŷǣȷǸõطǱˣϲңʵڲϲ
򣴨ϽԴرɽļ磬빫ɻĻʴȥԼķأǻ˵Ҳ̫ܣĻʷƷ̫ǾҪˣĻʶԹĳ谮Ҳ̫ܻȥ
ʥּ£ȴֲҿּ£ƿɾ;ˣӲˣһʼԼϵû뵽棬Ҷ϶һʼ׼ˡ
̾ôǲ϶ȵ
̫ʦ
ɨһ̧ۣͷ˿ɫ磬ȥҸаɣ
ԣҲ飬ԼϾϡ

̫ʦ
ָ٣ָأ谮Ĺ¼޸㣬ñӰ㻹ʲôģ
ԺСϺŮһˣϣ绰ҳ㣬̸ˡ
̫ʦ㲻˽⣡ҡҡͷϲңڣϲңҺ͹֮ĸ飬ûе̸ۼҵĵز
̧ۿƣƵĻȻ㲻ϲԲμ״᣿Թûа⣬ԣ֮Ϊôֱ׳㣿
һʱҲ˵壡
ƺ˺һʱμ״ᣬһԭǱƵģֻԣô㣬ʲô취أֻˣ̫ˡ
治£ʵ
ƶƬ̣΢΢˵ͷиңҲ̫ɼҡ
Ƭ̣ھͿ뿪ˡ
һ֪ͣ˻⡣
ҹֹ㻹࣬ǰ;Զ󣬲ù㣬̫ϻʺ̫Ҳͬԣʲôʱ뿪ȥҲԸ

һͣôһ˵ȴЩˣǱѾ̫
̫ˣ㶼һ
²ǽּ֮󣬱빫׵ôֵ
ʲôʱɣ˵㣬ֻסѾǴĹˡ
סˣȫûϵһʥּУȻ⣬Լƺ磬ûкԼɣ
ĻʾȻӰԼƱл̿֡
ǹ
Ƭ̣ת磬ܰ¶⣬ǸɵӶܿóһ֮ܰġ
ѵ㻹ǵùҡҡͷ
ڨڨ⻰ȴ˵Լĺһ㡣
ʲôʱ뿪
հɣ룬ЩûûʱԼСͽܱ౾ŵ
뿪֮ǰȥɡ
Ƶ˵ͷ
֡
ƴߵߣ
һɻ󣬲ǽ쵽ǰ
ץסƵƱоһɵԼת
Ƭ̣ſƵ֣ĸ˸룬Ĵ鴫
̫ʦɻ󲻽⡣
Ԫʮꡣ

Ƶһ¾ʹˣձȶԼѾʱǹ͸ԼڵĹƳ⣬ѵȻ˵Լȴһ˿оûа
һĻٶ꣬ȻǶһЩֶεģʮʮһͨ˵ζʲô
ֻʮѣӦңǴѲˣҡҡͷڵľ磬꣬ʮԪ˵ʲôʣͻھֻǳ£ͻڣԪȻܲ
ԣ˿Ҳú£ܿƴĻյս֪ͱڻԪԼˣֶε죬˵ڻʵĻֱ롣
ʦԪʮ˵Ҳ㲻ʲôˣѾﵽʦ۷壬ٽһڣȻһľܴ󣬺ѿţһٻԼʱɡ
ȷֵңҲ˸ѣԺϹޣҪ೤۲УĻ˶֪磬֪ԼѾȡʮ

գš껡Ҳ̸ֱ˵ݣϺ˵һȥԼһʵˣǴĹĻѸ£޷ĵģܸĵֻǳ׵ڡ
һеɣʱɣǾͲȷˡ
һգ̫£̫ȻǴ͵ģҲԵһ
̫֣̫Ϊ̫Ͻһţةһˣˣڡʦɣӻϰ֣̫ʦԽ̣Ĺ졢ַʼרӦַʦҲ̫̫ܽһݺᣬ׿Խ׵
̫ΪƷ٣滹̫䡢̫ͷ˾ҲǸˡ
ֻ̫һһӽͳˣƵĵûи̫ٲϾ̫ܽģǸĸ֮Ʋʦ磬ǿ˲٣ͷҲ˸߿һ۶ѡ
ֻǼ򵥵ļ񣬲û̫£һ̫кȴûˣ˵ϱҪˣûӴةһȥʮ꣬ڳСͷ
Сͷ˰죬һ̫飬ƲȤһ룬һ룬ʵھȤһ뿪̫


222 ף

ճ̫𣬱һͣڽǰһˣܰ¡
磡
ںʱܰǰһһ棬ܰȹǣ
ôɻʵ
ܰԣЩã绹ǻܰºЩ
ڨЦһ¡
ܰһЦȥ㣬˵̫ˣԾˡ
£ʵ
ܰԣЦһ
ƺ˺Լ챿Լڿϵû¾ͲԼô
þûȥĹˣҪȥĹתתƵ
ܰһϲٶȸֳЦݣͷ

ĹϣһҶ̸ۣ˵أյҲǢʱЦ
磬˵׼뿪ǣܰͻȻʵ
һͣЦһգܰ£Բ
˵Բ𣡡ܰЩʧҡҡͷ־Զܰ²ǲˣȵģ
ܰ¡
ܰӣζӳ£治֪˵ʲôãһ˵ԼԸˡ
磬Ǹԧ䣬ڣҰ͸㣡
ܰȡ壬Ө͸з⣬дСԲһϿһצһϿһֻΩΩФܰ½彻Ƶ
ȣһͲǷƷ֮þǴ˵еĶˡ
ںηܰ»һֱܰºһԴƵĻ
ƻһסܰµļŮǵ
ĹϣԣҡӼˣһΨ档

ܰһеĸȫжص˹أȫĵͶ뵽Լһıд֮С
ⲿתΪС϶ΪչСϵ䣬̫µĶ϶ǿģԣƱɵд𣬽֮д˸ƪϲļɺԼһЩĵᣬϵϵŽϰһдղסƹض
͸ߣЩŵĶ˵ֻСƣӣϲʤ飬ԼҲд֮ˡ
ϴһ֮Ʊ飬Ȳȥ̫ʦ

ʦ
Ժϣ۾ɹ̫СڻԱ׽ƽ̾ͱ˹Ҳϵֱͣϲ䡣
ƽСϱڻȥ
ղΪ뿪ˣôֺ̧̧ۣϡ
ƱСһ⼸ձչˡ
ֱչˣ
۾ĿɨɨƵľ粢ûжپеľֱɻ
ЦҲǻǷ϶İʦôձչأ飬̫ʦһ¡
óԣֱ塣
ƴӴнճɵȡ˳磬ӹһд֡
ƪ
ּ㹤żʲ֮Ҳܱʶ壬£һٶҳȫ֮
һƱСһԣҲֻĵĵš
ʦ͸ҵôСϾȤƵĶߵʵ
ƵͷһЦʦղ߲ݣרŸġ
СϰŪϵͣ϶ʶ֣
ûϵԺʦڣүүȻ㡣Сʮֿɰ

һźǱ顷Ŀڤ롣
Σ̫ʦ
ȻԼдĶţлЩϣܵõĿ϶
̫ˣ۾䲻Ķðһ䡣
ƺ˺ԼֲʥˣõĶǷ֣дûأ
֮ȷֻϧ޵֮޷ָ㣡ҡҡͷȻֻ֣ܿó֮ȷҪ֮嫣ֻȫͨ޷κ
Щʧ
⡶顷ֻŰɣ
Ƶ˵ͷרΪ϶ģԶЩ׻ʶĶ֮󣬱򡣡
ܽ⡶顷дɣҲǲ䣡΢΢ףɣҰߵĴֺúУУ
ƺĵͷʣµһӵ硣
ʲôƪ
ǲҪһЩĲӣЩɻѲİѡ顷дˣôܣ̶̼ʱ䣬ô֮ܰɣ
ҡҡͷϿ֪϶дã
ף
ŷ棬һ㶣ᣬһףÿһ׶׺ףÿһ׻˸ʺͲͼ飬ͷβҳ֪֮࣬Ϊһ黨˶پ
ҡֻϻܲ׽
һƬһƬۻңһʼ绹벻⣬Խ󿴾Խѵˣûһһ׵ǣЩӵ綼쳣ļ򵥣Ǽ꺢ͯԶһЩ¶ܽʵǹޱȡ
ûһսʮִ⣬˶ʶ㣬ʱҲޱȵľ
ףֻǻĶıɽһǣ뻪ĵġסͬƽ֪жгϸѡŵ׻ɲᣬһ۾͵ѡݷḻʽڶ࣬衢衢Ϸ衢衢衢ֲ衢ļ衢Ƕȵȡ
һٻ޵Ĵ԰໨ɫƷ֣ﶷ澺㣬ÿһѡĶ裬ȤСϿڡУ׶ɵ֮ѡ
϶ܽ׶ѧᣬ롶顷ڻͨûɣɾͯҲʲô¡Ƶ
ͷ˵İ㲻Ȼܼ򵥣ԵĶδµĺִͯ½ɣһ㶼ǰ󣬴û˭ȥԺͯдӣУҲûַʽúͯԼͨѧϰɡ
۾Щ٣ⲿסһʱľⲿ飬˵СϣֻҪϳ˵ĺͯɾͯ¶¡
Ƶֻʺĺͯˣɣ˼άѶЩƾгЧˡ
Сӣϸʷȴޡ

һ㶣ûʶסУⱾԶԶ߹ǰ뱾顷
֪ļֵšסʵ


223 ӡ
һ£ЦκεĴʿеħԣ׶Уһǿף϶ܴ׶ͻῴˡ
ͶɣҡͷһЦοںߡ
һɷнµı飬ıʾǵƣɾȥһ㿴ɵ󣬾ͻʵĶ
ô˵йˣҡҡͷ
϶ôתСЦ
ȫȻϣСȴʮĵ˵ͷţʦ˵Ļ϶š
氡ƲпȷںߣżȻ뵽ǰһӰеŶζѣû룬Сȴȥˣȫû˿Ļɡ
СѾͷûģŸ㼸죬ͱˣԣȴʮ
СϾ죬ǹЦ
ʱ׶裬רΪͯ׾⣬ȴʵ޻Ҳֻмͯо⣬ִ½νǰ޹ˣ׶裬ϳ˵ĺͯкܴĻɣɾͯСӣһˡ
ôڨȻ
ͯζʲôȱӰ죬νǱޣⱾ飬ʮ꣬ҴĽͯЩֻͯ꣬Ҵĵʵؽϴ½۷塣
㶵ģ粻ڿЦòԼĵĳʲô˲õһѧƾɾͯҲִ½ͯĸʴ̫ˣһ£ͯǻһ
ѵ㻹һų֮ģĿ
ԵĸпЩӿƼ򵥣ȴּ򵥣˼벵ӣΪۣԼҲᵽֳľⲿסȷʥˡ
šסЩַһ£̧ͷƣⲿ飬ʱ£ñ´ã㿴Σ
ƶ˶٣Ϊ϶ģ϶֮̫ʦң϶ϲϲǡ
ԣĿ䵽Сϵϡ
Сȴһѽ˹ڻﲻͣҡͷ
϶үү˶ŬļһЦݡ
СϱøˣĿ磬ʦҵ
үү֪ԣүүүүиõĶ㣡϶ΪЦСôôأ
Сһ´ƵĻ˳šסһ̾ܽȥˣȻСǲʲôոƺ˵ĻҲһţ˵вŴ󱦱Ųɵģô齻ȥأؼǣеĲͼϲûĶ
٣СӣүүˡСֱӴˣ粻Ȼ
Цһ󣬵̫ʦҿ黹ʱҪɢĺãĻ¾ʰ
룬صĵ˵ͷⲿʥˣȥĹͯ㣬ȻĻɣһ֪Ĺⲿʥ䣬Ȼ뷽跨ҪҪɣսٲ˵ġ
һסȻܻһսǧ̷
ȥ϶ѾͷˣԱ㣡顷Ժȥ
һ׷С˳һһСԺӵܣ׷СϴСʦ
ƿЦãԺ˻裬ȥүԺ׷

±ϣҲ׼һ˲ɽˡ
ܰº֪Ҫߣͣ绹ãܰȴᣬһֱ͵ʮﳤͤ
ͤڣơܰˣΧʯԣϰһƺĸƱͤдڸػͤ˩һһһӣǰ
ʱİȥһ룬ǰֻǷϣֻ˫ӣʱƿһۣЩޡ
һ𣬲֪ʱˣλֵܣĳλһƱ
˳ЦֻҪʱܼ˵ںôҲ̫СƷ٣ңһʥּͻˣ
Բ죬ɲֹƷ٣ҴĹ
ףĿܰµϣֻܰ³ĬﻹݣҲ֪˵Щʲô
һӣһɫСӳʯϣ򿪺ӣһСĽɫӡ¡
ⷽӡǸ죬ƷֱԺ
ǵķл˻ʶ֮ӡĽ˹ģӡϿšơĸ׭֣ƷֱҪԼǸ̫ĹӡҪ̫ˣƷӡֱ㲻ϣֻǷеƷ
۹ӡӡ£һص㣬ǾֻרʹãΪʼַƣ˸޷ð߽׵ӡܵʹã⣬͢䲼ʥּѸ£ӡӦøǸЯʽ

Ǽûꣿ
ڼʱԱߴǲ̫гתһͤϣǷϵϼΪͷ
ޣ
һ̵˹ȥµϣ˵ֵˡ
ɱһţúǰһʱƽ˾
ƿ˿ɫбһţ벻ôʱ䣬·ˣ֣ܰ£ҵˣ
磡ܰվ
ò˶ãǻټġ
ȻһЦƱһ˩ŰʯϽ
̫ӣڣ
˹˹֣뿪ˣҲûʲô˼Խ뿪Ҫƽǣһͬ·
ƽ˩ϣͷܰ¶
ֵܣŰͬ··ǻ֮˽ɱԼСġ
΢΢ס
磬һ·˳硣ܰµ
ǻȥɣˣƻһ䣬תͷŰ飬ǰٵȥ
бϣһӰϵϳϳԻңǣһ
ԶԶƵܰվڳͤ⣬þòԸȥֱƵӰʧ
ͤ⣬ŵߡ
ݱ졣
С
Ϧɽɽ
֮ģ֮ǡ
֪䡣
һǾƾ໶
κ


ƺӱߡ
ֵܣʹ˱
ϻƺӣҲЩᣬ˱Ҫ·ˣҪݲɽȴǵ˳Żƺ£ܻƽȥ
´μ㣬ɱɵġƴȤĵ
˺ûң·ϿҪįˡ
ƹһЦҿɻɶأ㻹ǵԼɣ
£ɶƼͷʮϵĶ˼


224 Ѫ
ңʲôֻҪйҾͲįһЦһۣƵһﾫĺܣ·Ͽɵðˡ
ģ·ҲСġƵȫһˣܱסξѾˣܣܲˡ
ڣ
һ·˳磡
֮£Ҳƺζȥ

㻹Ҫ߶ã߲ˣ
ɫ̫ƹɽͷɽϣ˫ǦһѾ߲ˣ飬ѳɷˣ·һ磬ˮûкһڣѾŲסˣһƨ˵ϣˡ
ץקקûܽѾˣҲûʲôطޣԾ¶һɣؼǣҲˣ
Ƭƽأڸϣȼ𣬴ʱѾǳȻ컹̫ȴЩģȻ񲻾ϺǸϲůһЩңҲֹܷҰ޵š
ЩҰζϿţһει̵֭ڲϣ͵죬ζܿƮɢ
СӣûУòУ͵ƵĿˡ
ƻͷ˰һۣʲôʱ򣬻ôһ
üͷһšСӣȰ㻹Ƿң֮£лתĻܳܡ

ƷһŪЦſõҰվȥӡУ֪ʲôô
ߣһ
΢䣬ôĦ
ʹĹкܴģڣҲбˣȺ̨°
ߣĹΣΪУм
Ҳ̫Լˣ壿Цһܴ壿Ϊͷ̫ˣ
屾ͲͳһֻǸСӥüΪϧĹΪУʮʮǲ˵ģ٣ԳͲᣬвƿһƨ
Ȼɫף˵Ĳһ壬Ĺĵ֣˵ͲĹʱǺüˡ
ûǷһ˿΢Цļƨɳֱ˰úʱɣߣĻҲԴϲɽ
Ȼ裬ҲûʸˣԣƨɶԲϣ½ȥζмЩ
СӣһŮôֻҪң˵һҸʮеĳżȣҰ죬ĵĶ˵
ЦҪǰɱˣҸ˸㵱Ըô
㣿ԣڤ粻飬ҪɱˣСӣҸұ֤޷Żزɽ
ĿԴɣģû˾ȵ㣡ƵĻ˰һ䡣
ʱôãĦ϶ǵõϢˣӥüҲ϶ӪȰ𣬲Ʋûйĵģڵʵ֮½޵Уڸ֣ɶİټϿɽٲãҲӵ
žֻʣȼյž
۾βŵܸоñңСӣӭս׼ɡ
Цһ鼦⣬˹ȥ԰ɣʱѾˡ
ż⣬ԹԵľ׽

ȥɽ·;ԶƾƵĽ಻ʮңеĻֻգƲҲ˵жԺĺܴŰ·ҪҲǿǵȰ𣬺·ϰǸˡ
֮ǰǣǱ˽ҲóȻ֣ڳǣ֮˿϶ɵˣ·ϰǽˣøɽȥֻ
һҹ޻
ն̫ƽûʲôء
Ѫ
ݱԵһСӲ󣬼ֵٿˣŴɽǸСĵľ۾ӵأһСΣˮѪһ죬ʮ졣
˵ǧǰһƬսˣˮǱЩս֮˵ѪҺȾġ
˵ϾֻǴ˵ڵʱҲѪɫϪˮΪˮܽĿŨȽϸߣɽлһƬ
һǣһ޹һŰ߽Ѫ
ӲƽҲ˾һӾ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬һˣúܶ˶ڲ²Ƶ˺µģȥͤˡ
Ҳ⣬ֱ˼Сõ꣬εǣСõϰƣѹͲסꡣ
ôʦȻ˸סˣϾ׼ƵЦ
ڵϰ岻֪Ǻõʱ򣬽ֵϴһ֣һһӲߵĽͷĽõ꣬󻹴ż£Ծǳġ
ƣԼţһİ𣬽ͷüͷ壬ߵǰƹ˹֣ʸ䣿Ϊˣ
Ŀڽͷϣʮӣֹڵľ磬ǼֵıҲͯ硣
Ҳ̯һöȭͷСɫӡ³С

еӡ£ͷһ
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һϴССӡţѹȥ
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ΪʵʵĹҲƷӡͷȻֻǸӾƷͤЩʶģ֪̫ʲôǿӽ̫ϴ󣬻ʵƷ١
ЩСطˣôĹ٣ΪʵʵĹ£׷׹ڵء
¹Ѫͤѫݼˣ
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˼Ƭ̣ƻǾݱܷâսʵ̫ðա
Сӣ㵱Ϊûô
׼뿪ʱӥʮɱȻ

ĿĨӥʮ˵ϣӥʮ˲֪ʲôطһͭһ㶣óȻж
ڴС쳣⻬󵭻ɫĹΣƣȥʮֵĹӡ
ߣҵҪҷ׾£ζΣӥʮһ˫ֱͭҪǮһĹ뾵
սһɫһֵĳӣѸٵ뾵棬ռеһ׶
ͭҫ·һڵͭľ֮Ѹγɣ˸мŹ֮

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Ʋе˸󣬷·ǧͷľзŭС̧ͷȥֻ紵ʯӴѹǺ֮зɢסԲѹ˴
ɱȻս֮ƣӥʮ˿϶ˣ
ѹ֡ϢΣգ
䣡
ӥʮٶȱһԾûڵƲ㣬ƾ𣬺¡¡磬㣬Ժ֮к£Ǽ佫Բ֡

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ӥʮڸ֣ǿܿסףܿסӣӵͷϷų⣬Ƭ̱㱻ǵص׵ɡ
һӥʮһеĹΧ̫ˣ޾׵ҪǮһǿһ۾˵ս
ʥ̨ƽ£һĹ֣ƵУ޾׵ڹ֮ϣֵѣƺʱܱ
ȫ߶֣˿иȴȻʱе͸飬ɶֱƵĻﲻٳ
ӥʮ֣ͬĵȻҪ࣬ңӥʮ˵ı屾ӥǿ̶ֳȵ׵磬Ȼ㹻ǿ쳣Ǳ첻̫˺
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Ʒ̨ǸԱŰ޷ȫߣ͸ĵҲƵ˸Ǻɱ治Ǹǵģʩ߻ڵĳ֡


229 ɽ
ӥʮеķ׾кȻޱȣɱǿ֮ǰƣ̨ҵ԰Ȼڷ׾ǰƵˡ
ӥʮ˲ǰʵȰǿٱɱʩչȫǰܱģƷ̨Ժʮ־ôһֽһֵȥԼֲסʱ׵ֱϣǿҲñɽ̿ˡ
ֲͣĶʱбĿܣ׵ڵϣǱը֮Ŀ֮ǴĿĵ⣡
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ڶ׵ӥʮûаݵ˼һ£Ƶ̨Ųסʱ룬Ϊ֮ƣֻƴһƴˡ
׵Ű£޴ӣûɶļӳ֣ѾֳΣеӥʮˣƺû⵽
ۿӥʮҪ߶׾ƵϣһɫĴ󸫳УǹĹʥɽ
壡
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żɽȣ
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һмвǰѸͷӥʮ˷ĵĸоһļ£ͫȻһ׾ûɣִټ䣬˫ͭһȥ
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ھ̶£ƴÿڷ׾ϣһ·硣
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ռ䶯һѸķɢ֮Ƭңһܴ
һ̺ǿɽȻֻܷӳƷֱϾʥƷױɱʤ֪ٵΣһǿĹײıȻǷ׾
죬̼˿ƣһ룬Ȼը飬ӥʮֱӱըɣʮ⣬̧ͷͬɶƣоǺȻ
׾ȻˣǿһƷɱȻһʦϣ׾ӥʮ˱һ٣Ȼܴ֮ܵɽĳȻǱش
Ǹӣʲôӥʮ¼ѪֵĿǰѸӣƷɱܿʲô˲õı
ˣ
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ӥʮд󺧣ʱ֮ʵٱƿһöˣһΪһͷӥڿն𣬼Զݡ
ˣھӥʮˣһ̾Ȼѡܣ
ƼͣϵƶȻһλǶ˺üһޱȣɽҪղסˣϽ
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ͷԶݵĲӥƲ԰׵Ͼǲʣոһľȫˣɱӥʮ˿ھ졣
ӥʮȫǱ˵ģΪƻȫȻ֪ѾǸտǣָҲԽƳĨɱ
ӥʮ˿ɽˣ֪᲻鷳šüͷ׷ڵ׷ȥңӥʮ˵ٶȣˣҲܹġ
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вʵʱߴһ߿ƶʱһ߿ȥһɫĽӥʮ˵ϣӥʮ˷һ߿ıѪֱ׹
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Ϥ־ϲɵǰ
һ̣һӰ߷Ƶǰ
Сӣ㣿
˿ƣһϣǲŵı飡
ԭ㰡ǰ
˰
ͬʮ־ȣֿ˵ĸоΪѣһƨ˵ϡ
벮ɽһмյ·̣һӲɽôأ
㵹ߵǰȡһιƷ£ʱϺѾɢΧһƬϳ˾ȺͲ⡣
ҩûһƵɫָ˲٣һۣʵô£Щɵģô
һӴĳü⣬Ūƶ֪Ȼشĸˡ
ոջвٲľɽ룬ȫһƬ棬ԲﶼһƬ౾Ͳߵɽ룬һأӥʮ˵ķ׾£ԭĲȻһƬء
һѾҡҡͷǰô
ԣʱеɻ󣬽Ϊƽһ顣
ԭǰЩͨԪһﵽڣغȥĦ뿴²ɽñ֮£ʤҲƣȻò̫ܣǾ˳ȥǿ
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ԲֲˣʵǹŹ֣
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ӥʲôͷ֮󣬶ʵѾ²⣬ȴȷš
ƵӥʮˣĦһھĴ
ĦģĵȻʵ˵ƣСӰɣ
⻰˵ԼЩţǰ뿪ɽʱ򣬻һССͯô̵ʱܴﵽǰزһսڸ־ߣ
ϸһȻѾʦˣԾ˵ͬһôͯҲֲĳɳٶȰɣ⼸£СӶʲô
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Ҳȥʲôöתոڵĵطȥ
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ֻϧŮ˳һʲôû£̾Ϣһ£ֽǱˣ²٣ҲǷԺó
һ޼ͷĲʬͬҲһ³֮£ʬ޴棬ΨǱ󽣣ĹһĹǻԡ
Ǵ󽣣ȻҲЦɣոշ˺ڹҲָЩţɽķȥ
ӿпȥһƬǴĿģ󣬸ո﾿һսһлһڸ֣ܻǸ漣иǾ졣

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ⲻԶһͷʬ徲ڲݴѪѾɣֻСΧʬԣζĿʳʬϵѪ⣬Ѫ̺ĳѣ˸ոǳѸǴĿ־塣
Ȼһֻ̤˲ݴԣǼֻСЩ˴ǽͣ׷̧ͷȻ̧ͷɲǣͺǿʲô־ֵĶа㣬׷Ķӡ
һŮߵʬԱߣͷŵϱҰ޿ʳѪģͷʬһ˿Ρ


230 ʦֻˣ
ΣŮӻӣʬҵУһ뵰ıʯͷ
ʯͷߵĲգŮӵǷһ˿ȡ
û뵽Ȼǿȵز˼ˣ
־һΣϣε£ıɣ
ŮƺǱ̵ʯͷΪһ磬ѸٵʧƬɽ֮䡣
ŮһߣǼֻС̽ͷ̽βĴӲݴ˳ܵǲʬߣǵζһԭֻʣһɢİ׹Ǻм

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սӢԺĵӣԺ︧٣
ɽˮһֺȻľƻһһ֣ɽˮͣΡΡ־ڸɽ־ˮǸսӢԺ绹ͣľгһգܽľ֮УչֳܣǰԪϲĽϰ
Ӷ÷ǳ棬һŮŶ´©һ֡
Դ˵ֳ°֮䣬ǰǹЦںϿЦˣÿʱ䶼ϣµһǰͻƵֹ硣
ĺŬһеĸǣڼµʱͻֹʮŬ
ֳͬã°ȥл·ôһ뵽壬ֻзŭһǿеҪǿΨһķΪԼĽһ
ɽˮ֪Ԫ̾һ䣬Լɣ
ǣ
ڵӦһԲ٣Ժҵ
ʦã
ʱһԺ⴫һððʧʧӰ˽
ȻһզȣԺ˲ͰͣңͷһȴС
ççײײģɺͳûôԪЩãСеĲʱȥ˴룬һ𱸵ı顣

СҲʶԼ̫ðʧˣεͷʦˡʦã
ԪСһۣûСһﱾ;Ÿǰ죬һУ˼ӣСһٲȻɵˣͨЩȨġ
СЩʦ岮ǰòЦ֮󣬱ĿǼϣܿҵӰصĶ๴˹ָ
ԱߴӵСۣ޷ǾڴСİԣЩѪյ䣬ЩȤģ֮ȷСߵýһЩ롣
ЩȴǶһ죬СһۣԪ˹С˾ӢԺ
꣬Ǽ϶һĽʵı飬λʦãһӣƫƫСߵĽ

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˾ӢԺЩΣһ˫ˮĿСϳ֡
ǴԺģھӢԺûʲôѣƺֳ֮͸ûʲôˣҲСҪһЩ
СЦһʦˡ
һ㶣ŹֵĿСʦ棿ͻˣҸ
СǸӣɻ󲻽⣬ѵʦԼģҲ԰һսӢԺСӣ
˵ǰɽȥ˹ˣôôͻˣɻء
ʦ治һ˻ģһˣС
˭ʵȻС
Сʦ֣
ʦ֣۾ɵϴ󣬡ʦ֣
Сƶĵ˵ͷ
ʦֲǱץôôЩš
߰ɣȥ֪
Сɷ˵ץ֣ܣֻ㶵ĸţʦֻˣʦҲˣ
ιǣûͱһס̧ͷһȴ
ʦ㣡
æִСﳶ˳ִ١
ŹֵĿˣִ½紫ͳǹģ
СпĳЩ⣬ʱҲǴ죬æʦ㣬ʦֻˣȥ
ʦ֣һ㶣Ķ
ɽС
ߣʮָɴļ˶飬ɽɱ

ɽ
˺ܿ⣬ƺвˣмʱʱļƵ
Ļˣ
Ů־ϲҪԺӣԪ˳
ʦæһ
Ԫ˹ϵıԵʮָӣоȣϲãįһ˿ˡ
ȥɣЩʦʦں̸¡Ԫ
һͣЩʣﴫҲҽȥţƢǿ˽ġ
ʦʦôЩĿԪ飬ڴԪ𰸣ȴֺʲôõĴ𰸡
Ԫԣ˿ƽһһԼɡ
ԱϣԪתݣ


ڡ
лͺƵĶ棬Ľ⼸飬ȻЩ޵ĶƱԶĹ˵ˡ
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л˽ζƽţ˶ڵΪеľȿνԸӣļλʦңֱ̾Ⱳȫȥˡ
һСС̶̼ͯµʱ䣬ȻϣԶԶĳǣֱһƵľȫдһˡ
ûǴĻʥлЩ˵ƷǣҲĸǰɣĸǣɻϼѣڴ½ȴǺͨˣĪǣͯĿֲ֮
һֱʱƲŽʱľ֪꣬ɫѾ
Ǹĵţǰε壬ǵøɴ鷳ˣ
ĹٲҲҴٽҺʦڵʵǸ飡л͵
⻰ɲǴ󻰣ܴ񣬻ЩƵģͨԪѾɹͻƵڣͨԪлʹﵽҲߣλڵĴֻҪԽˡ
֣ô¸һأ͵ñˣ
л͵εˣʦڰ㣬֪һ棡
ҪȥĦ鷳ģǰ·ƣǲ󣬻ƾһ죬ʩҩĦ븶ۣĿȴǱĦ£ϾʮɲǸ򵥵ͷжٸ֣˭˵أ


231 ֳ꣡
˸룬ȷɲ顣
СӵҲһһڸ֣ȻһˣڸָĶӣҼ˸ˣЦݣӥʮ˵Уⶫѵãϼζҩһ¯˵ֵĶ༸ʦ֡
У
Ԫ顢Ԫ𡡢Ԫ˶ǵһһлһڸ֣ȻѶԷ˸һһˣ˵ڵսѾڸˣ
𾪣ԣӦ˵ǴˣԪ𡼸˵ǱòᣬǿɲΪ˵ٻƭǣǿǾüٵġ
һ̸ֱɽȥԭķ䣬һСҩͯռˣȥ˾ӢԺϢ

һӢԺʶ֮˱˷ܵʳʶ̣ȻҲǴЦЩǰʦֵܣձ鶼ֹͣͯ磬̬̾һˣСһֹڣƺû̫ĳ
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ȻĵһֳСҲƵĿƣҲֳܹİΣ
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ȻǻһסѾ˵ϣһǲţȻϵпܻҲ׼˽ǣƿ˵ŷԼܲˡ
ʦãˣ仰Ʋ˵ڣ˵˳
ܵģ
ֻ۾ֱֱĿƣ᲻ǰץסƵ䣬ʦ֣ںҿЦԲԣʦģǰһôˣ
ʦã侲㣡ҡҡͷҲ˲ѣңûܻӸ߿յ䡭
Ǿ˵Ҳûʦʬˣԣ·ץסһ˿ϣûʬǣֳͻţ
ĬƬ̣Ƶ˵ͷ׸߿գʦôƶ˵䣬ûܻô
ԣ˿ϣҲƽˣƶ˵䣬˵ֳֹڣڸ֣裬׸߿£ҲֻһǾ
ǿĳˮҲԷǣֳʵʮˡ
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Ҳһ˿ɬֳͬãһʱ϶ǽܲʵġ
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֮ǰʦõ£˸ĺ󱳣ֳĽӴֳ࣬඼ԪΪʦͬҲʦãֳҲˡ
˺һжй룬̧۵ʦ֣֪ʦںδ׹䣿
ҡҡͷͼѰң
ôңʱӥϣͿ·ֳƶ֮˹ȥǾʲôط˵ºȥѰң޼Ѱ
Ĭãתįȥ˵£Ͻ׷ȥƳ̾һصɽϲãһ̱嵭˲٣Щء

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ӥʮΪھ֣ҲǲƣָҲòвٺöʵȴǡǡ෴ָյģ˼ƿҩһ龧⣬ЩвٶǳԵĴģõһûС
ָռҵӥʮסޡףȻǶˣٶĲΣӥʮ˶벻š
˵ɱǷûһӥʮҲ湻ģǶԼʵ̫˰ɡ
Ҳû̫ʧϾָǸѵõıĴָһֻڸֵϲܿ
ѴĶתƵָУָĿռһ£һӾͿ࣬׼Ϣˡ
ϱһװɫȹƲҲֳ֪
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Ԫ˵ƣ˶ܾȣô̵ʱڣﵽʦ磬ʵЩš
΢΢ףŮѾ˵
һУǵһģˣҲſֹڵżѣʦʮǧƺϣȻô࣡
⼸£һŷǷľɣ
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һɻ󣬽ӹ־̯һȴһף㣬һŮдƿóֳıʼ
ʦȥôҴңûʲôףʦ뿪ǰдģʦӦûǵã
ϦϦ⣬պ⣬ͬۡ߱⣬ڸܡļ⣬֪ӡɽľľ֦˵֪
ǾɴʣȴֳֳھӢϵӣ滹дһС֣
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Ҳ쳣лֳ̫꣬ˣţΨһģΪ𡢽ڣ
֮ĽǷ־ȻֻһƵԶʲô̫ٱ
ûΪ׹ǵһףҲһף֪٣˵ֳ֪


һҹȻš
ɽƻӺ꣬ԱмӰڴ֣
һƾ˺ɽʯߣѡ˸ˮأֳ¹ڣǵһμĵطʯķɣ
ࡢСеһڶʥյļʦֵԣҲæһ
ڣɣֳ¹ڣ
һԿ޵ϡﻩ
ʦ֣ʦ֣
Ĺһٵӱߴ˻ͷһһӼ崩֣
ӢԺĵӣʲô֣ȴǼǲˡ
ˣǵӳ˿ֱӱƣһߴһ߼ʦ֣죬ţ
ʲôˣʵ
ǵӼģеʮֵɻ
ǵʹ˿ڿˮУи٣ּʦҽȥּ
ּ
ƴ㵲ѣȴû뵽ʥּԼŻôʥּˣѲĻҪԼȥ


ɴ⡣
ٵӶڹ㳡ϣԶԶŴ̽ͷ̽ԣȻʥּɣֱǸˡ
㳡۷׷ףַǷ
˵⴫ּΪʦֶģ
ԨѧʿƷĴ٣Ȼˣ
ʦ֣ĸʦ֣
쾫ӢԵһʦְ
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232 ̫ʦ
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ָΧ۵һƬȻǸˣӶֹǻԽϣȴҪԶһֹۣˣҪرַʵЩˣǶӣܶ˶ССͱһӣ¶ǴλŴġ
ǣƴ˵Ǵḷ́ΪѰǼ٣ĳ˹رַɣ
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ĿһɨǸӣȻУһӼеĲ롣
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رַҲԣԶһۣȻٵҶǰͷ¾ˣȻߡ
һߣַʶͼΣֱ׳ǳᣬַѹȥУҪȻ˻ܷˣһССʷ٣ȨƣȻҲԼֱɶ


236 úݵС
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СҧһֱӴӻȡһذüͷûһ£䣬৵һƬ⣬ССء

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ȴнڻƽҵĹ֮£ǲ֪α粵۽ɨվԱߵƣʱָƵˣֵĲף֣Ź¹٣Ϊ¹


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֪ʱҲʦǿ˵ʦǰҲﵱҩͯأСҩͯгϣ

·ϣƽǰϸĸһ顣
󣬵ʮ޶͸ҶԼôصּ֣СӣҲǸݽɫ
Ͼͱ˵ˣܽôʵ
˵ҡҡͷϱٽӣѶȲСֱۿºʱһܿͻϾӵƤ⣬ҲѽϽȵҿ˵
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˵ͷ⻮ʣּܷҴԺС

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ַ򸾹վڴߣŵĿӲ̽Ƶ벻İλɵˣһһȥȻʱ


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ǰˣƽֱ۵ݸֱѾɣͿʩչϱڽ֮ˡ
Ҳеɻ󣬽ӹֱۣƿǱ죬ιǺӷһҩϱ۴ǱѪ͸İײ


239 һȭ֮
ǸоʹеСһüͷûһչȥιʳĵҩӦʲôҩɡ
˿ڴĿģȻ裬ţγһɫĵУһӣ˿˲䱻

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Сһҿ֣
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244 
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245 ʯţЬӡ
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ҲΣҲΣ˵ıܹһλŵľ𡭡ףΣӣ̫ʦĪʲôЩĿ硣
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ôڨڨһЦԺӣֻȴţ飬֪ԼռɽԼȥݷأ֪Ƿͷ᲻ը


һʮ죬˾Щۺʯ˵飬˾ĵȻ;򣴨Ĺٳ̶Ҳ֪飬򣴨̫ǰݼ֮½½в򣴨Ͻ¹ԱǰݻᣬƷʤ˵Ǻϲ£죬ǹҫˡ
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ЬӡĴ˵Ȼ֪֮ģ粻˵ҪԼȡʲôôΧЬӡĪҪȡĶЬӡйأ


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ѡ֢㵹ǻʶЦһ䣬̫飬ڲ񡢲ʥ֮ˣˣ꣬ǧ;ͬ飬ƾ㱾ѡһűǣ
һ㶣Цѵ̫ʦУƾʥ֮ˣ
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Ƶһ£ıһ¾ûˣĿʯɨһ£йϴʥеľ飬˵ǧ;ͬ飬ѡһһ
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ḧ룬ϳЦ⣬ˣٴοʯţտʼˣΪ״ϵĳ֣ΪҲӵܣףĻʷΪʥ䣬ʱ϶̫Уڿ˳ƿʯţһĲŻİ
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֮ǰ˵Լ֪һҪػĶʲôҲ˵õҪ֪õ̫Ƕ϶̫Ҫ󣬻ʲô


247 ޣ
ĪǺͼ
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㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣֽŵ޵ȷ죬˱ʮܴһΣһιٹʮղܴڶΣң޴񲻴ƣаǿʥͳޣǵ򲻵ˣᱻ򡣡

ϵı齩˽ӾȻôƣԼ̴˱ݺ½Ҫˡ
һ£ԼһССʦֳִޣ׷𵽴ܣǺεȵŰ
ϧֻѣʮܳһޣ⼼ȴʱҲ̫ˣҲа̱֮װɣ
޶ִ֮ҲҪģ֮˱Ե⣬Ȼ˱Ҷִ˵ļ٣һҲ޷ѣ㵽ĺҲٲ˱̣֮ǣ޾չֳÿִ˵ľ磬ͯ˱ޣҲɴ񣬲ҲǴѣཫˣЩƤ޷ֵ
ڨڨӵ̫ˣҲ˸ֶΣۺʯʱд˱֣ԼǱӴôһȥֱӴһ˰ˡ
޸
Ķ࣬ɼѣɾһɱﵣؼʱܱĶ


248 ȥ᪣
ѾΪˡֵ
ѾΪˣƲ졣
ֵҲǸ˵ô֮˱ԵǾԵ֮ˣ飬ܰѾˡ
ô򵥣ЩȻ֮ǰɽҪѪ޾Ȼô򵥾ԼΪˣ
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ģʶ֮еģǼа֮Ҳཻ赣ġ
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ؼ䣬֮ɶˡҡҡͷݺ˵ɳ̫۵ĵλϣһ£ΨйдеӲʸɳأһֻһΣ轣ʱӦң󻹽֮գһҵĺˣ̫ۣɳա
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׼Ӧʱ綪һ仰ԺӣڨڨµȷúúÿǿǣȻɳˣջǴڵģʱ꣬ϵһϲ˻˵


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ӣסƵĥӲݣǽѹؼâ
һϰԣһߴСϵţΪԼֶӣСʤҲѧ䣬ԾһˣȻСһﶼСҲʶְֵĴ֮£Ѿ˺ö裬Ҫ࣬ǾͲ֪Ҫȶˡ
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̫֣㲻ҡҡͷܹɲǴģ˱ȥ᪣รɣ
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֮СΪϰɣܹԱûģݳޣ
ôôѲܹԣЩˡ
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Ԫ֮߰ɣʱǵ㣡
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ŷţ̫ϴοЦݣҪŬҪģܵõϿɡ
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ùѾˣ̫ƺͷţסһ


252 ͸
ϣţȥƺ˷ܡ
æµûˣ̫Ҳȥ˯ˣ̲סɻ󣬡ţ֮ǰʲô
һʮСӣûжٽĵģ֮˷ܵ˯žסߺ˺壬ܿʵ
˵͹δ֮ǰﻹһƬɢ䣬γһ壬ΪĻ壬ûôʱȥֵལƫ棬ķʽҲǧٹ֡
ɽϣһһжѨһһڣѨľһľһľľկѨӣǳľÿῪһΣν⣬ɢӣӣʮصЧ֮󣬿ɴ޵ǣͨկĳ֮֮ͬ
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ЦЦҲСӻҲֻܺ˼ұֵϵɡ
ˣľ͸ҵǿľǺƵ
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һԼʵǶôİ׳ա
ֻϧûֵľЩϧĵ
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˰ɣկǿ˶ǣڴʱûˣҲû˱ֶΣǸϽ뿪ɽĺáҡҡͷѺľկ涼ˣҪ֪ǿиɵĻСɾͿˡ
ңľկԹ˲ϾǸԸң˵ֲ֪ҪʮղãңҲǶ㲻Ц
ɽֲ٣ڸ֣ҲԶвˣ֮ǰôޣǾ˲ˣǸϽ뿪ɣֵ
ԣصĵ˵ͷɽ֮أӺʿɸҲаѷ֣ԲǾ֮أûдһɱﵣʵΣա
޳չһλɸһľǿľͷ󣬲˵ľļƷȻҪΪԺĹʥ׼ˣɶ˳ľһľ֮ƺŵˣֶƻ˯

ڴɽ߰գ³߳˴ɽ˳ڰ͹Ż˹ģԭͦ
գڳ˰͹߹أԭܹڡ
ԭ֮أҲŨడ
⻮ʣڽ֮ϣſŨ̲סһпԭ֮أһƽԴĹִ½ԵܱȵģҲܶܳΪ½ǿҡ
ܶУҲħ빥ңҪȾ½ΧıԵң˵ռʱǧϢ㲻ǿû취ʵǿĲһǰ㡣
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һƬɽ´¡
磬ҴĹȥ᪣֪ںη﹡ߣƳźһλߺ
¶ңųͷĿ﹡ɨһȦܿ쿴ƣ˲ϵĺˮ
ˣҪȥ᪣վ﹡£̧ͷʵ
Ƶ˵ͷ鷳˼Ҹָ򡣡
һŶŷ磬᪣ǿԶأͷⱲԶҲֻȥǣ
˵ţָָǰɽƸɽʮǸˣҪȥ᪵Ļȥʡ

ƿɽ߲Ӷ֪жߡ
˼ңɽʲôɽôߣʵ
ɽΪɽ߰߲˲̧ͷ˿죬Ҳˣǵ˸ˣȥЪɡ
ˣл˼ңҡҡͷȡһӷ﹡ϣʩչṦѸٵɽȥ
㶵ĿŻȥƣŻعĿ﹡Ƕϣԭɣ

ɽš
ɽ֮㣬Ũǻиӣͷȥδ𲻱ҪᣬǾˣֱʩչṦ˳ɽ·ԳѸɽȥ
ɽʮƸǣƵٶȣǰܵ
ʦ֣Ƕˣʳ޻ˣ
ɽϣһƬ͵±µĲݴУſӰïҰסǵΣѰ߹·ᷢǵĴڡ
˵ĿⶼʮĿǰһʯʯͷϲһңʯ֣Ҳ֪˭ģҲ֪ڵȴʲô
һԴƺЩͷˣſԱߵԹĿ⾼ͷ˴ͷһۣ죬ĵţҺòײŲ鵽Ƕ϶֡
С׶㲻ʦʦڴ֣ץʲôãͷԹ
㶮ƨһ䣬ѹɤŵʳ޵ȷûʲôսͷʳ޿ɲһ㡣
ôһ㷨ͷɻʵ
һ䣬֪ɵָԵô
ָͷһ㶣ͷ֪ǰָŲ˵Ǳ˫͵ȥô
˫ţ
Цһ˫Ҳʦ磬ǵʵܴ͵ֱЦ
ʦ֣˵ָ˫͵ģͷԾʵ
صһЦǰŲǽ˫ô˵ָһô
˫͵ģ˭͵ģͷʵ
΢΢𣬡ǽҪȵֻʳޣ
ͷһ㶣޵ľ綼͵ָ
΢΢ףۼֻʳ޴ŷ漴ָʧˣ˵˭˫ŲǱ˺ڹѣŷйŭƷ
һͷһޣܴϰָ͵ߣ͵ָͷЩš


257 ʳޣ
ܸ£
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ͷţҲ΢΢޵㽣ʦ֣ǺıҸˡ
ǾŰɣʳϲԽ֮صرһѷƷնֻҪ⸽һϹٺһЦĿɨǴͷüȴϷʣһﻹǴĿԣԼһûץסСޣôԼ
Ѿץסʳ޺øɵˣȻǴͷȴһһ֪ӡ
˾ſڲݴУĿƵĿŲԶʯͷϵǱڴʳ޵ĳ֡
ৣ
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˺һǾΧûʲôΣˣŽĿǱϣһ˫Ĺ⻪ͺһԻʲôƷζһ㡣
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Сޱ͵СζʱȻһŤͷ㿴˳Լ»ûĲмȾܡ
ٺ٣ܣüˣܵôͷ˵ϴȻЦݣһ˹ȥ˵ͷС޻ûףףҲԼһȭ֮С
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СŵþһתӱܣȻһתȴӭֱһƣС޵ϣСȷ˳ȥϣԴ÷Σ˼û
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ЦȻֹͷһֵһĻһѩĽؿڴ͸
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ѪҪǮһ˲Ⱦ·ŻѪתͷȥͷһϷʵĿгĽϣмѪĻ䡣
˻㣡ؿڣŵĿǸͷˣʵ벻ͨ޺ļһȻԼͱӡ
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Ѿܶˣ㵽±ߣÿȥͷЦ
쵰ˣҲֲôŭıһþȫֱӽеСԱߵȥֻҪˤСͷҲõô

ͷ״޵ҧ֮𳤽ĲӿȥѶϣۿǻˣﻹʲôм֮Ѫ죬һͷ­𣬾Ŀ硣
һ˺һڣֱ˴ʯ¿ȥӦˤɣ


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ɽ·ϣƺȻ̧ͷȥһŽɫĶɵİ֮е
Σֵɣ
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Ȼ˵ĳޣһпķܻöұ㽫㡣Ƶ
ɶ֮ͨȻǳ޵ˣǿ϶֮ģ˻Сһֻ֤ѡ
ߣ
˻ԣɫ䣬һȻѣὣƵؿڣʱֻһɣһף˲Ϣ


258 ָ
ǸݽɫһԲϾҪȡһֱóѣһ㣬ѸƮˣܿ˻һ
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һѪ˳ȻĿƣȫû뵽ǰİӾȻǿȵزûһнˡ
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˻ʵʱ֮µһжǿɶôҲֱһһǺɵġ

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һȴĳ˴ǸƲȻŭֱһڻ˻ϡ
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ڤ粻飡
һͷ̣ĳִϾǻɱ£
Сһûˣ߰ɣ
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󣡡
С䵽ϣֱǰһݣ˵ʬϣڻ˻ʬ˼йߣһЦһĻȴƾˣֻС˻ǱԱߣſҧȥͣ¹ͰǱҧϡãԲ
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󣡡
СްǱ˸⣬˸ãһƵĽűߣǰ֫קקƿš
ôˣɻʵ
󣡡
СǰתƺûӦܻקקƵĿš
ҪȥĳѨȥɣƻûعԺֵ
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Ѱ󣿡ԣЩȻӣСʵСһҸߣ
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СʮԻĵ˵ͷȻѾˡ
ѹָոҪץС϶Ҳ֪С׽ȥĳѨ̽û뵽ȴԼȻһƣ޸»ö
˻˻ʬ壬ƱСɽȥûֿһͷʬ壬СȥţƼˣöҲܲµ˿϶Ǻͻ˻ﶷɱġ
ΪΪʳҲֻ꣬һʬ壬Сޱı±ڣҲڿն׷ȥ
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˺ϱʮ׸ߣС޽ɽȾֱǴȥʹȥһС
£ǸûԼԴûȥֻµš

һ춯һѶǸ˳ƸϽ˼ñϵµĶҵ
СһҰΣⶼʲôʲô
ѸٱһСһЩм龧ƬЩǿܿǵģʳ䡣
ЩǱСһǱɡ
һС޴Ǹжϣ˫һԲԲĶ̧ͷƺĽš

ֽӹһһɫСѪ໨޵ͼڲ໹żСС׭֡
֮
ĪǸ˻еָһ㶣˸ոջ˻ǰ˵ĻʱǼһ˵ϹڲƭԼС͵˼ɵĶɣ
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ָɴǰһԪ˱ţڴλŻûüָָʧˡ
괫УԦɣָ޵ʲôޣֻҪָɽȥԶνޱߣɳٶȸ켸ָ֣һɴңŸŭգֱӰŭйɽһСɣ͵˫ϡ
˫Ҳʦ磬ִɵĶַ֣Ӿͱˣν֮֡
Щۣȴһֻ֪֪ⱦˣָҲǸɶ˸ˣҲԼˡ
Ʊ㽫ɶսָֽӶʥеĵۻʷ䳲һȺѪ˽ȥָռ仮Ϊݣռһ֣ɡ
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ָ֪ǱС޳˳ԣһֱûĶĻ֪᲻ô˷ܡ
󣡡
СץƵĿţͷһ˫۾ˮģ
СһԸôСһģɣѵõѰߣҪȻСһԴɽϣñɷץȥ
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Сƺڵ仰ͷһʮֵ˷ܣһƵļͷ
ãɶλøռˣСһÿġЦ


259 ɽɣ
󣡡СǵĲ˲Ƶ
ӽ쿪ʼͽСɣôʵ
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ɽɲ٣ӦҲǸɣƳէɱɵˣټСٵķɽ֮ǰ˳ִƳǡ
Ƹ͹ƳܹһǣСëɫ̫δעĿƽָܹǴĵݿɲʹһжѵ͵Ϊϡ
˵ԭ˻ȷ٣⴦ܹԵ֮صƳǣҪĹ򷱻ˣѾսɽֵģǺò֡
ڳ˸ջס£ҵطԶ˳ѯһ᪸ôȥ
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ؤȥ
һʵŤͷһϰڶһ͵ӵؤ
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ңģѣԶ㣬⣬ҪȻҶˡϰĶĻЦһߣӣ׼ѵؤ
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٣ƤĹҹȥϰŭˣⲻŲôֱӳץסСؤ½
⹷ϰ壬ûôСؤУһơ
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СؤȻһЦھһҡ
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ԭĹģСŶȻÿɲɣĻܼһϷأ
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СŶԣ˸ۣɽֻŮӡ

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СŶϧһҪȻܼĸˡ
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СŶˣ˵ͷϧɽֻŮӣҪȻĻҲȥˣˣԶĹԭ֪Ϊʲô
׿ɽɵ⣬ʵ㲻˵СܹأӦöܹκϤɣȥ᪣ָܲܰ򡣡
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ңСŶʲôˣСŶƲƲ죬ӳԣͼˡ
һͣЦ϶û¶ٵģɲÿζôĵģŸ㵱̲ɣ·ЩԵģԺҸ
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ιһ֪ʲôأСŶͷԶȥıӰ
׷棡
ƵԶԶ
ǸֵļһСŶƲƲ죬ѽսܿ뿪˲弡

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ƽͼȡ˳оȥ᪵·ߣƳǵ᪣·;νңԶֱߵĻҲʮģңƻ֣Ҫ
ǺϷأһһѹòҪԷһ鷳


260 ᪣
ﲻĹʵ̫࣬һɽɣȻɺڵǿƹ⣬¶ýԸ·ҲԸȥðˣ˱ǲ˵˾ʶԼϵѪĻɱ֮
ҪСŶĵͼҪȻ˸Լָǲײһȥô
ЩңϢһҹڶձ뿪Ƴǣһ·ȥ

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ӽ㣬ʲôʱɽˮ̶УһʮСŰϵŮʵ
ϣһԲŮǳЦĶ̶ǼСɽ¶̶Ҫɽ͵̶ϴȥ۹ϴɣϴǾͿɽˡ
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Сԣ̶Ϸ
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Ů΢΢ףĿһСŮϣŵĸǣνˣܾʦ˼ǰƳǡ
ǲСʦȴԶأԲŮЦ
ŮҡҡͷҲǻԵɺϣø۸ǣұɾͲԶˡ
Сʦ岻ҪԷƱĸ׿˵ģȻСʦڻʱգһɳ죡ԲŮЦ

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̻ȥ̤థӴİӴˮйأ绨δѰء
ʱһԶԶĴŮע⡣
ۣ˭ڳ裿
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Сʦ壬˵ʲôԲŮɻʵ
Ůҡҡͷ£ǣȥ˭ڳ裡
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ЦЦǶ֪Сһʳ޵ı֣ųѰϲѰұĿҲܼ򵥣ǾΪ˳ԣֻгԲǳɳס


261 ̫ۣ
СףѰƷķֻܸ㡢Ҫͻף͵㹻ƷιҪͻĽףǾ͵ֱˣ߽ϣҲֻܸɱˣ˵СһǸ׵װܼС
ҲΪˣѰҪɳνǼѣСɽϣһӶڸƣҵһ󻧡
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㲻˵ͩľȡôƵ
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üͷһ˿ߣСʲôʱôˣ
ƺ뵽ʲôЩĪĵƣ㻹ǿЩȡ齣뿪ɡ


262 ҵˣ
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263 ߣ˺֮
꺫ǰѪģ˲ཻսΪϵУһУֻѾĹ̫ʦ뱨𣬿϶ʱģݳ޲űѹϺԶӻùô

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ӳ̾һ¿Ҫˣ

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ԣڴ֮ǰƵһЩ׼һص᪣ƱгѰЩ䣬ؽ᪸¥Сͺҵ£Լӵһ֮Լ

˵ô򺫼սˣ
ʲôң˰ɣһƵĹˣһºҪȥ̫ۣ
㶮ʲô̫۽˼ҵĶ˼Ҫ̫Ųѡ
ΪʲôҪ
ǻ򵥣ǸĹûǰǿôҿɺгأ
⺫Ҳ̫С˰ɣ
˵ǸĹ˻ǿ֮أ
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264 Ѱȥ
ԵǿµģѩһԽԽ󣬼һҹ֮䣬Ʊ᪵ˡ
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һƲߵĶڽͺҵ£ж˰˷ֵ֣ԽǾͶԽ㺫ƴţֻҪǻܹ㣬Ǿͱù˼۵ѹ
Ȼȫǵ˶֪ͺҵĹԼһºԼһڣҶ֣ô˶ỳɵҵͷɽ㺫ҶĳҲʹùֶΣֻ˻ұ޳ܡ
ŻûҶϣȥһ˷򣬰ѷͩҵ˵Թ緹Ʊ˳ǣȥ⣬ʱûɱԼһ˼ԼʱѰҷͩǿɾˡ

ʱУŭȣøŮͷԡ
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˵ţϵһͲֱ˹ȥ
Ժֵϣսսףȥɱ
ɱָŭ˵úʲôԼֵǷ꣬˾֪ɱ˻ҺһСˡ
ͷ󺹣֪ˣ̫ۣӦòӵֱӰɱµģŪǻģȴû뵽⵽һʹ
һӣɱ㣬жͷ֮ޣ
ѵһ鰸ϣ鰸ֱӴжѣҳɡ
ӻδ˶ŭһʱҴһ
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ʱһܼҴ˽źֵүūˣǸĹ̫ʦֶǰãֱ˻̫ʦסڳǶķջ
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׷ģһŵɽ
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ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ָӵ㣬ϻһ˻
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ƺûٽ飬֪ƲǸɵӣӦò֪УŴʴʡ
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ǣ
̫Ӧһ
ϣαʯͷԼĽŰɣҪȻˣվһһºҲȥɱĹܹˡ



Сô龧ڸʱˣȥҷͩ
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СĲϹһССĴСһѿԣдָѾûˣصظСһ⣬СҲԺʹãиСһҲЩ
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󣬺󣡡
ºüĵطСͣǰͳһССĵѨǰһ޴ľͷС˷ܵĽ


265 ؿߣŮӣ
Բľһɳ˻Ϊڵʱ̫ˣմԵЩڣСñᣬܵĸоľͷ϶һ˲õı
СƵԲľս˴˳·ȥ
ȻûСȻͣԴתһƺоʲô৵һ¾
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СмŨŨɻ󣬹Ƭ̣Ȼ¶ʲôһ㣬һת͵һȥ

Сһٰѵظٴ˰ɣôôûưĵаʱȴСɵЩСİΣ
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һƬӫĻһʯǽһСǰСĳײ˼£ӫĻȴ˿ûжҡ߻ء
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С˸ˮر߱ȥһ˫ӺĿųеǿ֣ƺһŮ˵Ӱ
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ƶû˵ȡУֱǽԲľȥ
ﬣ
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ַ˸ۣͩľǰƵܿöģÿɽ

Сӿ󣬻ͦϲѵ˵ģ˶ǰ͸ԼģһŪˣǿɲý
ȡɽǺľһģһȭͷľϱʥʥȻӡ˴˷
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ȻǷѪֵͩ۾һ˿ȡ
ѪͩɻĿ֡
ֽ͵ͩ䣬ٵǧͩͩ˻÷֮ɳΪľмƷͩͩУһͩԵɺմȾ˷ѪƷʽһΪϡķѪͩ


266 ǿ
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ҡҡͷҲȻѪͩȷϡ٣ľϻôҲﾡòУҪӡײģǿɾͱˡ
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̫үү߯ҲڳҺһ˵ɢҥԣҺңĿֵ


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ӱĿһȻģ磬Ѿ֪ʲôѪģǸͲڣȷе˵ӦһĽᣬһԼԼϵĽᣬ޵Уһ嶼ûҵһ壬汨
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ŮӸ߸ϵĿǰˣǾĺˣ
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СѣԺ̫һ𡣡ӶƵһ
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ŮӴһ磬ЦСһҺܺÿô
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ԼΪʲôѵΪ֣Ʋɵ֣ԺУѾڴߴϽ
ģǶȷˣҲеž֮Ļõȵô槼ϷʵĿơ
ԣҲǣŮٸһˣ֣ˣڵʵŮ˵ǰҲһֶ
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槼˶٣Ҳض룬֮Ծ㣬ֻ֮жѡ
֮Уƴ㵣˭֮У
槼촽΢³

һţѾôδı棬ôܻ槼Լο槼Ǳӡġ
槼΢΢ף٣ӽоһɽµ㣬û뵽һȾǰ꣡
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ޱȵľȣǰ֪£֪ԼɽδЩ̫˰ɣ
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ԣȫɶͷԣѹͲ֪槼˵ʲôԼʲôʱӷӡоȳˣ
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Ʋңǰս㣡Ʋ˲ͷ亹ŵһҪѹִ̻
ԣһ뿴ңı顣槼ԣϷЦݡ
˶槼գΪ֮һ
ţպΣѣҡƣұ֪ܵ槼ӯӯ鲽ҡҷŻ˷ΣߵƽǰȡһɫƣƵȥ
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槼Ƶͷһ£Ƴʹһӻع槼ЦЦĿԼڨڨΡ
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ͷ󺹣ս㣬㷽˵񻹻ţ
ʱ꣬˭˵׼أԺȻ֪ġ槼ҡҡͷĿСϣСһҲҺһɵðչ˺ˡ


273 齣֣
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СмżԹͲᡣ
ˣȹ⣬ɽ£ˣԵټɣ
ûƻػ槼ͻأʧɽϣΨһˣվɪɪ֮С
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⻰ƵһǶΪֵأɳѾˣ벻лᣬɵúúðסܷɾڣͿɳеˡ
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ǣСѣƶɣ
ӹƳ̫ҵӺĳݡ

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СһĶأ
Ϣ˳һƣȻͷððʧʧĴ˽
λǰǣˣƵ˶
軸´ƣСһԵģ˵Ѻ涼ɱˣգǵˡ
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Ȼ֣˾ôûûôѵ֪ǵʦֵûԼɱˣ
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⿪ˣôܣӵĻƴ⡣
ʲôܣ㻹СǰɣϽ¡軸Щ͵ȡ̣ƴߴٵ
ãҵ뿴λǰô֣ҲѸٽӹλɣ
˶һı飬Ѹչ˲ɱ
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Ҫλǰٻȥ룿
˵϶ЩҲסˣսȴû뵽ˣô˵Ƕǻ˼ϹˣԴȻ󱲵Դʹȥɲô


274 ɳأ
߰ɣȥооӽ˼Ӷ뿪϶һ˼ߵı顣
뿪Ʋҡҡͷ벻գҪɳأĻµñ˸
뵽ɳأɳ˵ôãϧԼ᪣ƲЩڴ

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֣ʲôڴϣ槼Լ˵ǷɵЩշתࡣ
ԳΣûĵʲôô֪أͷİҶƵطҶˣ
槼˼ƺûûֵıԹ˼ĵ
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ңҲŲأ־һС죬˵Щ顣
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СѾͷβ㣡ȥɳ裬ɱҷ͵ҰֵùЦû¶СӣҲͦ泩ġ

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ʣƿԿ϶϶ʤڶ࣬ǲס˼ϹŴɵĵӣȾϣӭͷϣҪѵŬ֪Ҫ϶ٱ
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ҲûȰһɫСС

ӵͺһֱŨɽȥӹǴһ磬Ѹʧ˺һӲַ˳ӵϡ
ʱӹѾƬŨƿһ󶴣ŨΧȴ޷пյ֮УֱȥҲ֪˺δ
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ļסӵӵ˵ͷ
ȥɣӵ
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ƶţӴ˽ȥʧУͣƬ̣ӷԸһ䣬һȥ

еȻŨ˹زӿͨ޻ϴ˸ڵǶߣΧǰããһƬ˺þöûߵͷ
ӦǸɣ
ǵţɽӦúܴ󣬵ȿȴֻôСҴȷҲ·
ԽǰߣƱоͨеԽԽŨ񣬵ָߴûʹ㿪ʼԶ
ǸذƲࡣ
ã˾ͷǰȻʣһƬ򳡴Сֵһˮ̶֮ˮ΢ϷƮһ㵭ͺ񺮶·һˮ㡣

ʮ죬ŨȣҲֻƹʯвżʶȻĸأǾֻг͵ľ󷨲пĵز
ˮ̶һʯɷдšɳء֣֪ԼѾҵطˡ
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ֻоµë׶ˣ˿̵һ鱻ˮĺ࣬Һͨëף̵ĺˮһ֮йȥ¾ѹһɽҺھзŰŰĳΪմɽ屾аˣôһݲУֱӾһѪ
ۣûһۣЩҺѾӴҺ˺һӣ䣬ʱбΣա
кȻѹ˵ʦ綥֧һգԼϱаˣϼˣ˵һգ°ն֧Ųˡ
û˼ʱ䣬ΨһľǳȥͦǶãھͳȥǿɾ͹һˡ
ǰ»в٣ʹ֮ͷųŹµã޸ϵƣЩҺڹ֮޸֮£Ѹٵϡ


275 ͻڣ
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Ƹоÿһϸڱܼ尾Ǳ͹ըһһ˺ѣ֮Ѹȥ޲ո޲ãһα˺ѡ
ôҺĴˢ֮£ƵѸٵǿһЩϸС֧ҺƵš
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ϾǶĺˮƤѣ߳Ѫ˿ΧĳˮȾˣģľˣǿҵʹ࣬ʱʧȥ֪
ʧųھеҺָ񹬶ȥֱע֮С
ߴϥ߲ܵľЩҺѸٵĽΪãһһƬָ̣еƷʥʱҲľںصϷγһС
ʥļ룬ǸƼ˲ٵѹֻӿڵҺԽ࣬ܵѹԽʹ͸ӵѣԭھеֻ̬ĺȻܣȴǻıˮͨͨĻŨµĹѳ̶ȡ
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һӣӣÿһ̶һּ尾ޱߵʹ֮У붨״̬
ʱȻţΧĵģûһ˿죬ɳеˮѳ壬ֻһԴڳϣһȵĺ˼˿ֻᵱǸˡ

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СһһֱԵʮֵ˷ܣҲƷԸ׷һͷɳУһƬƬˮ
һ㴫СһľÿҲ֪϶ǸоѹˣһվЩСһܷܵס
ƵĵƺȫǶģһһ츳֣СһʵͣѹǿֻƬ֮󣬱㿸ס˳еѹõӦڳо׷ࡣ
Сһﶼû£Ҳڳرһ湮һͻƵľ磬һúò̽һڵ
ָɸߣ֮ͬǰãڱ÷ǳʵԼĹѰڵĸ֣ҲӦôﲻԼķʵȡ
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󣬺󣡡
һֱ˵죬ƱСĽѣ۾һСӳ˳վԱߣ˦ëմŵˮƻǡ

Сż͸ӣֱ˵ϣſ˼ų͸ģȥǴıһвСѾǶһСѣ˵ҲмʮϰٿţСȸԾģЩӶСһռˡ

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ĿǶϣץ˼ϸһ£оŨ֪Щӵˡ
ЩӶɳеҺǿѹ֮ɵ飬µĻڳصһ㣬֮ǰڳеʱйˣû⣬Ͼⶫͺ龧ֻ࣬龧ʯͷЩǴѹɡ
СռЩ飬ö˵һǵʳõġ
󣬺󣡡
СƵţһ˫СֲͣĶƱȻƺڶƱʾ顣
ƽС˵ϣСû
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СƽлһѸܵǶǰĻţƽӽȫһزūĹģ
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Сԣһ˫۾ЩƺʶƸһϽϵȫ
ҪЦһ䣬һռһģôģԸæɡ
󣡡
Сԣ˹Ƶļϣһ˫СֱƵԴͷƵţһװɰģƺƵԭ¡
ܲ㣡
һѽץëϵҺɣ漴ɳСһ


276 ȹ⣡
µۻƬصɲһץץסţƵİæСҪɶˣֻվڰߣһӹ͸ϽסսС
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СһɶȫǸԻʲôʲôǿõƶЩʣЩҲãԼҪԵġ

СԱ߻ϲصİŪԼĿɳر㴭˿Ŀڳϣףɶأ
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Сһڳ˰ɣϿɶոҲûвֹҪСһûڳУɽﵽҷɣǿǻ·ġ
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ףӽ̸һ󣬱뿪̫ۡ

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ҵĶˣڶľ֧պְԵŵ·ʽǽٳңһӿ϶鷳Թ˲Ͼˡ
ôǻ뿪᪣գŽµķ羰Ƴһϸһ룬Լγֲǳأ
ʿмܲմģһﾺǿʳ磬Ҫɳ˫־͵մȾѪȣײеɱһѪ·ֱͨ
Խ֤࣬ʵԽǿҪøǿֻнǶһһڽ£Ȼʱ䲻Ǿȴ㹻Ķ࣬һ仰Ҫлĵˣøǿ
ƽȡСŶĵͼϸ鿴һҵ˺ȹصķֱĿĵء

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˵ػܹĹ˵ضشҲȴ½ط߳ܶ࣬᪻ǳĸоѾʢˡ
ȹʮվɽɽܹͻ֮䣬γһȻϡ
ɽ֮ϣһľԻ㣬ҶļԶԶȥɽ飬ɽȼһ㣬Ϊ¶ȣֽɽΪɽ


277 ɽ£
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ഫĩܳȣȹؽϲ֪Ҫȥ飬ǧԣΪ澭
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δȴ˵硣û˵Ȼ󲿷˶ãӦǳ˺ȹأȥ˻ġ
⣬ѯһ֣ҲãȻ֪·ϣưʱһ£ĩܳʱ£ֱʲôʣȹصʱӦѾ˶ʥ
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槼Ҳǣ˵һɽ£ôң˼նһԽԽջ
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ϴںӱһô´ԺҲ˯ˣҲ֪˶ãŮ˵̸ѡ
۾̫Ѿ䵽ɽһͷʼѭȥԶŮںӱϴ·
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ˣʲôÿģҿɲҿҪ˵峤ҲǣôЩˣץŲţ
ǰҲ֪ģôħ˽ͨأ
ӢδޣѺӸˣǸߡ
Ҫ˵̥Ҳ湻ֵģˣȻûû׼Ǻħ˽ͨģ

裬һϴ·һĶŰԣЩݣȴƵȤ
λɩ֪ʲôطƴ˹ȥ
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׹Ĵ裬Цλӣ˵ǹһ£νҳ󲻿ǿƣһ治˵Щ
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ӣ峤ץҪȥǿɵ߿ȣƵӣȻֲ֧·Ҳϴˣɽȥ

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һڴߣֵΧ˲ٵˣм䴫һŮӵİȺǰУվһλźߣǰ׳̧һһŶӵŮӱУ˻ߡ
񰡣Ҫ幫㻳̥궼δǶ̥Ҫ϶ӵġüͬһֱ˼ᶨ
һĲḁ̊́幫һĲḁ̊́Ůš
ߣһˣ㻹ִԲҪḁ̊́ôûôô
Ůԣʱûлˡ

ҪǴӣ峤

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һֹ֣סǼǵĺĿеŮϣ幫һ䣬ĺ˭ģǲħģ
幫ҶĲħ̥̥Ůӿŵ
˵˵ŭ̥ôƧ
ŮӸʮּĵ幫ٸһտɺãҺ˵Ҫȵ˿쵽ˣ޹ģٸһգһպ幫𷣡

ε̾˿л³һֱ֣Ӿͽȥ
磬δӣǿݣ˷֮£ʱ䣬ɲ¶Ӹ׵ݣβŭΪŮ»̥Ӵֻ

ˮУһƬˮ϶󾪺ʯͷأŮӽжûһ˳֮Уˮһݡ


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ϧа̾Ҳֻ˶ĬˣĿųָƽԽԽ١

׼˰ʬʱ򣬰ߺȻһпȥֻزһ׹⡣
׹ųӽˮһӿǸȻƮ˰գеŮȫڰ׹֮Уһ貵̫
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һ죬繵ϴѣʯͷϴһ󣬾Ҫ´ȻһӴˮƯ˹
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ѣһξǣûãͷԼĶһһо֣ɵ뵽ǸΡ
һʱ䣬δе飬紫ˣһʱΪЦ
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Ϸ򸾲˵İۣУȥʣһˣŸĸµŲǿĻ
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ôôǰﺩߵС˵Լȥš
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ȻַʽԼΪͽǿ׼ʥĴڰ˺һǿʵڻǲ
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Ҳ˵ȫһŰֽӤûʲôҲûǰļ䣿ʵ
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ʲô˼Щͷԣֻλܵİٿȫ顣
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νʶΪʶʶʶʶʶʶĩʶҮʶǰʶΪֻҪǸˣʶʶΪ֪ˣĩʶҲ֮ǰ˵ġʶĩʶԭĩʶȻǰʶǿ󣬵Ǿ̥ĥױĥ𣬰ʶ֮УΨһģֻеڰʶҮʶ
ҮʶֳƲʶֻ̥ܽĥȴ޷ĥ𣬳ǻɢҮʶĴڣ
ʶܲءءִ壬һƶִеڣǰʶѬԵڰʶǰʶѬԵ壬صıǰʶǰļ䣬ڰҮʶѰ


280 ɽ緢
֮˾ԽߣҮʶҲԽǿ󣬹ʶǿԪľ֮ǰѡð̥Ͷתػ֮ѰҮʶȡǰ䣡
˵һĲ˭Ҳֻ֪̥֮жǿ֪ת֮ܲ˳ѰҮʶܶתû˳ѰҮʶΪˣججֹֻأЩ˳ѰҮʶģΪǰ䣬͸ӵ˳׳ɾͱǰߵľ硣
ֵһƵĿеӤϣ˼˵пһǰģ
ֵ˵ͷֻҪţϾаҮʶڣֻת֮󣬱ҮʶԶӡˣͷǰ׼ʥǿߣʵʥ֮µһˣİҮʶ㹻ǿֻҲ֪ͶĵڼˣҮʶĥʲô̶ȣҲ޴ӵ֪
ĬŬָϢ
ͽܣһǲգð죬ЩĶʵ
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һ˰Үʶһǰļ䣬ԼھСͽܣ˸
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һɽȫŨ֮УصֻһСɽƱԺˣƼֱ󣬻֮ôֵطġ
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ΪĹ⼸ǧ궼Ƚϰ֣ԣ޽϶ûôĹǵķչ½Ϻܶ˶ֻǵðݻ̣Ժȴ֪֮飬ƲǴ½ͨЩҲǲ֪ġ
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ǰǰ˺ǰʦʦǰ޹أǰĹСһСı֤Ὣ췢´ȥǵӻѣһµģ
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ֲСԲִˡ⣬޵ƾ֮ۿħֻ֣һ۱ܿյĻ۽𾦣ƿǴѾˣֻһֱϸ
ԣϴһ˿ЦݣȰС˵ɣڴôʲôʱٸ㣡
ԱϣֻΪһ׹⣬صƵָ֮С
Լһס齭ϡô˵ҲﵽĲ˰ɣôĹ£붼СӸˣȻһסǹġ

ŷ
һŮϵĺζûˣǴ˸Сһͣ
ְᷢɣ
뵽ո⾵̽һĻ͸еһ췢̣Ǽһﲻ粻٣ƫƫʱԡֱ̫ˡ
ĵ˺һҲûȵķתŮղŵ£׼ˡ
Ůͷô˵£ѣҲ⴫Ů˾С͵ո˰һ㣬ոյ£ͨ졣
С㣬жŮ̧ͷ⿴ȥɻ
ҲššüڻŮ˵֮ǰѾоջˣҾǲԶпŷƵķ䡣
Ƭ̣ڻסٴʹ⾵͵ĳ嶯Ȼкܺ棬ǸողſôһĻٿĳ۾öϹ
Ӧûû˯ɣߣȥĻŻŮ˳ȥ
ƹܹȴһĸӻȥʵЩɣſƺӣܴĿеõЩƵܡ
ƣпνԽԽˡ


մ硣
װһ·ɽͦɽڻĹıؾ֮·ϣǼӿٶȣʮּеҪȥɽһ̽
֮ǰһֱΪֳˣп˺ܾãڣʱΣҲεֳ׹ƶ˵һĻʱԼôܣҲһ̣ȼһųΪǿߵģÿδжĿ͸һָ֣оٳԵڶΡ
µ죬䣬׸߿֮һǾ͸ˣ׷ƽŻ˵ǰȻŻ壬ȴȻǶüë϶˪
ǻŮҲںǵٶȻûƱȵģΪʥŮϵıǲٵģŮ²һ񣬶ҲƲ١
Ůʦ磬ʱĸٷУȴҲѶ촽ϣֻǿŲ԰ˡ
ƿλã߷󣬽ɣ
л㣡
߿ոٷУһ㹻䣬ĻȻ֮ãĿ⿴ǰƣЩպޣûô֪ϧļһ
ĻȻˣֻ̫̫̾۽ͷסҪ׷ƽε񣬡ʲô
һͣ磬λǶˣǽ˵˵
ԣĿһۡ
һС㣬㲻ҵ
˭ˣûĵһۣҪģֻǡͬ·ѡ
Ʊһ£û˻˵
˵ȥƵһЦһѽƲŻŮŶȥ
⾵պãһ쵽͵ˣ´ٱץסСҸսˡƶһ仰ת·ɶĸߣҲʲô۶ӡ
սӣƵʶĻһ£ǻŮһۣŮϵı鶼Ե쳣ľʡ
ƸոǾ仰ʲô˼ѵ⾵̽ˣ
뵽Ů϶˺ϼֻζݡ

ֹգɽˣôһ·ʱ˴£ȥʱȴֻ˼죬ɼһƵʵ˳Ľ
ǡ
ǾƳǲɽǺƳ֮䣬ǻ
ɫѾɽΧѾûгסޣƱ㰴˽⣬䵽⣬׼סһҹ
Ů⼸ţƤһʼո˦˦ԷŮˣ槼Ĺϵ²ִǣֻǸš
ƺЩˣŮϵ£ٲȻͳһ޻̸ĺýãƿȴʮ
϶ǰ񵱳ǺԼһʿ֪Ǻ֪᲻Цӭ


293 ħ壬Ҷ䣡
ǰλĪǾ᪵ӣ
һ׼סĵطȴһԼͣͷȥֻٵһȵӭ
ǣ
ĿʣȴʶЩɻһ˫ʮֳγĲɣ䲢󣬹侳磬ȴڳڣвЩɡ
Ҷ䣡
߽³Ŀ漴ɫһԭչҲˣ
ʶ
ԣתֻдŽɵɻСܿľ磬ȴ޷ƴĿֻ֮ܿ˻ɢһ㵭ĺ⡣
ħ³һ
ħ
Ȼֻһ֣ȴͫΪ֮һĿ˵ϣһװʱòʣħ壿
ħ壬Ӵ½ϣһʮصĹȣ֮ĸĪ⣬ڴ½ʷϣħսٺܶ࣬ÿһսǳӴʧ
ħҲ壬ֶδ඼ѪȱŰǷϹħΪʥĿʥ뾭ѵ̻½˹ԸսҲԸħͻ
Ҫ֪ĺ壬ҲʥħȫһȺӣеࡣ
ǰգҶĳ᪣˵ӣ̫ۣչǿ߳ռչҲеλȷ槼ˡҶЦݵĵ
ŸҶӲúħţʲô
Ҷ䣬ħ̫ϳĵӣʮ꣬ѳɾħھ磬Ѿʮߣǲ֪ʲôز½ҲǶ̳
ĻҶ䵭ȻһЦν޽Ĵ£ǰյʦţǰ𳯺أɣȴ϶λ
ϣҶĿϣֵӴһ

ҲҶ买˹֣ȻѾ֪ҶݣȻᱻŵɱΣЦص£ÿɾͶˡ
С߲ƣ
վ࣬Ȼһ䣬ƺƣüͷ΢壬ûٴеӡ
˵СҲӲҶĶ䣬Ҷԣһ˿ȣչ˻ν⣿
ȻһЦû
ҶӣǻҪ·㲻ˣ𡣡ƹ˹֣ħ壬ԶЩĺá
ߣҶæһ
ƻͷҶ£
ҶλҲҪȥɣλ˳·βһ𣿡
⡭
üͷһħ̫ϳϵĵӣͷĴħãƱܵĲϹϵԷڲûֳ⣬ֻͬ·ѣӷתôܾ
ˬô
ʱһɶų򣬴ļͷɵƵļϣһ˫ӹµµĿҶ䡣
Ƶһ৵һ¾ͺˣÿ漰ʱʱ˵ôĻⲻô
ҶҲһĻסˣһ˫۾㶵ĿƼϵɶ
Сʲôɶһƿڴ
ƻæסɶͣСһҲ֪ĶѧЩƦӻåչơ
֣ҶףޱȵĹŹ֡
ã
ɶĴƻһУû˵ֱ꣬ס͡
ԹŷħɶǰǷ񣬳ܷѬգȻԡǶħУȻ֪ΪʲôǸոտҶ䣬Ī뱩ߵĳ嶯
ҶӼ£޼ɣĪƽϡЩΣδɶٷ쭣æսָ
Ҷһϣô󣬾û˭ôɽģƫƫһֻ޴˵ҪǺһֻƽϣδ̫ʧˡ
ɶôһ֣ЩǢҶ䷽Żͬһ·ȴҲ˿ˡ
Ƭ̣ҶɫָҲٹĨǣֱӶƵӣԵüҶĳʵֽ̼У֪Ըͽ̣
ɣ˵ˣ߲ƣ
ҶʵͼƲƲ죬˵һſϷӡ
λνеţʻʵͬеĶ̳˵ʵЩ˾˭ǿ
ħ嶼սˣҶҲ⣬߳ħ½żȻƵĴԣţȻ⣬һϸ£ǡɼһһǰѯʣȻƣҶ䵱ȻŹǧѷĻᡣ
СħŵľѸǣħ̫ϳΪӣϤĵ̣ħ֮Ҳóһʦܣλν硣
Ҷһߣγͬʿ٣вνߣЩţֱһżƣͬھ磬ټϵ;˵ĹƵഫţоһɿһսĶ֡
ܵҶϵս⣬ȴҡҡͷҶӣ˵˴ܹܹ⣬ɲãǸϽ뿪ɣ
Ҷȴִţ޷֮ս֮£ڲ޸֣ɽҲ˴Ӳߴͽ̡
ɫҵȱһգƣҶӼ¡ɲԸϾĸӺԱߣǶͨˣƲҶͻǣչ˲
ǿҶĳôҶԣոջЦݵ৵һ¾ͺ
ҶĻȨĳ㣬ĳм£Ͳˡư˰֣Ը
Ҷĳô󣬻δùȻӲԸͽ̣Ҷĳֻܵˡ
ҶôܷŹһϸµĻᣬƸոתһǿϣֱһƺȥ
ҲûϵҶͻȻѣŸۣо죬̻ҶƷѾϮִټ䣬һӭȥ
أ
ҶֻƳУδʹȻֻǲִٻ֣ȴͣҶӲһƣĵ˳Ʈˡ
ɫգʵڰԵ⻹ͷһ˸Ӳӣһˡ
Ҷ䣬һǰ
Ҷսݵģ֪һֳߵʤûôԼ뿪ġ
Ƚǣ
̤ǰһƵĿĶҶ䣬ڶ˷ԸһԱߣ϶ḿָš
ǴɣҪϷ
Ȼ˵һ䣬ǰ㵽һԣƶڵطǺ뿴˴һģôƵĻ뿪أ
ƻͷݺݵĵһۣǴеǰ뱩һ٣˵غ£ȻһϷ


294 ħ
ô֣
谵֮£ƺҶ໥ţһƺûжֵ˼ŮЩɻ
ƣ˶ԷĵϸóȻ֡
ԶԶԶˣС㿴˭ǿЩ
ԣĬƬ̣ҡҡͷ˵ʣһ֮ڣɾڵľ磬ԶҶɼ˵ħ̫ϳ콫ħҶ䣬д֣ʤǲס
ħɻ
΢΢ףħһףСħںʮ̫ħഫΪʦ棬Ů֮ƵĶľڣеģÿһӶӵܣҾ˵ħ־綼ľƾšħʮɾħɣﵽħ񾳽磬һͳħ򣬽һɢɳħ¾£ħ
˿ƿΣˡ
ԣǶ˵ЩˣȻ񶼶ǡħƳ磬Σˡ
Ա߱źӵŮ̸ҲޱȵĵɫϧֻһͨˣҲﲻʲô
һϷģƣϾ槼еˣϻ槼㲻УҲ֮ǡ
ڴһսҶܱƳƵϵɣ

ৣ
һͨɢѪɷ֮ĳҶУбָҪѪǶֻһѵзǷ
죡Ҷ
һУǺһʣбָ񷣬һԽڤڤһϳǳңңӦ
飡
³֣˽Ǵ̫ȡ齣Ȼû֮Ҳܷӳ齣ļҶгȻǷƷҲʥһܴʧɾʹˡ
ħɱ
Ҷһ㣬ڿն𣬻ħƣ߸Ӱһ£ͽ谵գʱһ·һɽͷѹ£Ӵѹ˴Ϣ
ӸλϮȥƥƾȻҪҹĻնм
޴ɶ㣬ֻһСΡӭȥޱ߽뵶ײų⣬裬ƮȻˣߵƷվĵطһм׷ɣߵݺص֡

Ҷľ绹̫ˣħɱǷӳһԹ۵׵ıܿҶĵһУ̲סҡҡͷ
С㣬ħɱǡħʮ̫ħ֮һôɻʵóҶһʮǿƣĶˡ
΢΢ףħɱ˿ħƪ˵ʮħУֻŵʮһڡаХ֮ϣ˵ǿħɵ͡ʥǿǿĴڣֻǲ֪Ҷѧ˼У
ã԰ôۼƱҶһˣһɤۣΪƲУæ
ԣЦһ£㣬һȼսҾҲ岻ֵģ
ҲϰҲ˵ǹƽԣ˲֣ܲʦڵľ磬ս»ûоͱһˡ
Ǻã񽹼
ģƲµġߵԣסļ


ҶһδУ̧ͷƣԵһ䣬ͬУܽһеģŲʮ֮ƽӵ⣬ʵѾԤϡ
һ־ǴУԼÿ죬Իһ£Ҷ϶бʵСꡣ
ٽһУ
ҶκδϢĻᣬһᣬĵҪѪһƮƵޱŵۣѪէ쳣졣
޷
ҶһԶʹ̡
𣡡
ӭһްޱߵѪӵдܳΪһ޶Ӱһ޴ѪУһŵֱơ
޹ӰĿɲͷǣⷭһͷޣ˲ֱӣХԶ㾰Ǳŵ̱ڵϡ
ӽ飡
Ƽһʹӽ顯֮齣Уޱ⣬ֶ৵һѪӭȥ
䣡
һ˶Ļڰը涼Ϊ֮ҵ¹µҹĻʱҫͨһĢȽȽ
ӴĳֱӽƺҶƷɣֱ˶ʮײſͣסŲ֮ϵһжΪޣ൱Ű
ৣ
ৣ
һһĢշתţ齣ǰǲҶǰ
Ҷ֮дʮֵɫܽһУûзϵĻڶѾƹĿ࿴ˣһ޷֮ħɱǿ֡
ܺãǿ󣬲ƺûȫսƵǲҲֻֽϻ˶ѣƵĵ
ȻܿҶոȷʵͬ죬սȼ϶Ҫġӽ顷ǿܶ࣬ҶȻ޷ȫսӽȻֻȴʹ֮񽣵ʹЧڡ޷֮¡
ô
Ҷ䵭ȻһЦЩȻĵͬУܽҵһеģ½಻ʮˣܽҵڶеģƶùһ
Դ
ҶȷпıǮҲ֪Ҷ䲢Դֻ԰ΪǸ԰
˹ͳ֮УǺˣ
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Ҷ΢΢ڴ½аܱ꣬ȱʹеģ㻹ͷһ
һץڵϵķоֱӷɻУǺһǰϥ˫ֺʮǰ
ˣ
Ҷɫ£Źص£һѪądַӡ˫Ʒ裬ѪĹâӳҶſεޱȵ졣
һѪķӰҶѸɡ
Ƽ״ɻ֮ɫһʲôħôôʹ÷޵ף
Ҫ֪ԹŷħҶΪħ̫ϳϵĵӣϢֲǣǰǷô
ԣ
ƺȻͫ΢ӦȻҶʹȴаȻȻƣȴƣ˵ȫྶͥۡ

϶䣡
Զ񿴵һĻȻɫֻҶص̫ŸҥӰѪķ
ħͷǣ׶̣Ѫ֮У·ԩķưٹҹС


295 ǿǿ֮ս
ŮȻÿ죬ʱס˶䣬ҲסħоǾͷ̱һſŶĺˮ
趼ͨˣɫޱȲ԰ףɪɪ׹޼
ﬣﬣﬣ
ȻһȻһˮͷ£˶о˲ʱ࣬񾳽Щܿ˹̧ͷǰԶȥ٣ħ࿹
ʲôӣȻܿס񾪲

䣡
ħһ̣ƱоҶһУĹħ׹ʮ˲ʮ˰̣Ҷ䱳ķ񣬸ս
ܻԣ׹ԨƲòȡȫʩչ䣬ѹа
ǣȷǸǿĶ֣֪㻹ܳŶã
ҶЦһ֮ڤڤƺаħƻˣ˼֮
䡷ȷרſƻĲţƲħ׵壬Ҫչĸӣһѹν
Ҷʵһ֮УʵδֲĸӣǱԣҪʹˡ
Ҷľ󣬴޴ǿôǴ
һεκˮƵĶͷϽҵָ·ڲǧɽޱȵĳ
ﬣ
ȻֹҶˣ
ƴ㵣ҾȻסѹĵˣҶֶδҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ʱȴƶĻᣬҶϵһ̣ħޱ߻۵÷ͣҪ
̽ľȡʥ̨ػȴͻ䶸
أ
һ̶޻ҹգƬҰ֮Եޱȵͻأ
˲ʱȥҶ䱳аӰҲӰȻ飬ʱɢΣһޣ·ɨҶ֮аɨɾ
ޱȵľ
˵Ŀⶼ֮ȥʱͳ˽㡣

һСˣ
תе٣Ǹ޲ֹСӤȫסˣħ漼ȻвһӤĿӤһޣȻҶ̫ħˣ
ЩңæСĴ
Ҷ㵣һޱħӤԲ򵥣Ŀ֮ϣҶһ˫޵
ಣ
ҶҲ֪ʲôȻһʩչԼٶ˹ȥ
õ
عƱһŭȣ첽ϣһҶıȥ
룬Ҳ֪Ҷ϶óѣ˵ոƻ˱֮ĵĻҶȻҶ֣Ǵۣһź޶ʮƿνˡ
ۿѾʮףƷХҶֻú޵ҧҧս˿һǰץӤҲǵˣʵڷԸ
أ
ִ֮䣬Ҷһơаһ˶ӡӭһը죬ƷӴĳȵˡ
Զ񾪺ޱȣعϽŻеˣģǴˡ

ӤҪħǰŭڵƣҶֱӵ
֮ǿƣͲκα粵ȫ֪ͨںһӤ̫ħ⣬Ƕħһ޴в
ŭҪû£
Ծ֪
һ̣˺ƤҶʮ첻ƣӤҲȫˡ
Ǻ
бָޱγһ޴Уŵٻۣ֮ѪǰδеҫۣŨѪ֮˸ڷӿֱŻ¡
̷
һͺȣҶ˫߾ٷУݵ£Ѫ֮۳һʮ׳ĿֲУƣԽκ赲ǰĶΪء
żɽ
û˿ãٱֱӽɽȡ˳ȫһ
䣡
ŰϢķ̶ը˶ĤѣǿǿԾϳ𣬾ʮ
ӳ֮УһһӰʮվſɽ֣΢΢Ĳұ۱÷顣
һߣҶһ˿ѪҺĿǿ鸫ͷϣ˳ԾͲ졣
һУƽɫǣеսȻǷȻķпһȱڡ
Ҫ֪пƷȻҶ侳̫ͣ޷ӳȫսĲʸΪ޷½ôܱȱڣ
ҶıʱȻܵǣҵǣֻǵˣ޷Ӱս෴˻ʹܴ̼ӳǿս
һ԰Ҷ䣬ƽǿĶ֣սе˫ɺһƬû˿ֱͣӻΪһ嫵ҹա
Űҹ֮мٻۣƸоһӴѹͷһ׻ɬڤڤ𣬴ޱߵĺ嫺Ͳ
𡷣
С̧ͷȥֻһֻ˶ӡƿҹմֻƣ·ѪҺݹһ
ɺ죬ֲ
һɽ콵䣬ƣδѾѹƴֲҪѹڵϡ
ৣ
ۿֻѪƾҪѹƵϣƵлӰֱͬķܳ
һ޴â˲𣬷뱾壬Ӱվһǣ콵µҶΧм䡣
Ʒֱǰ˫Ͽߣһ𣬿ռΪ֮𵴲Ϣ
٣ߡԡ󡱡Сڡǰ
ﬣ쳹أâУһɫĹ֣һɹɺƴĪѸٵâлۣһɫĹ¡𣬸Ǿ޴âϣͬʱҲסҶ䡣
䣡
ѪĿգӡâеĵϣ˲ʱŴըը汻ĳһεӣŰķײâϣѸٵس
Ǿ󣬾ڹһףâҡҡ׹ȫ߶ԡڻǽŰס
ͷһƵһ˿ѪҺȻܵĳС
Ÿֹâǳӳǳ֮֮£֮˲ʱ
п磬ɳʯֱĩգ
ҶȫûϵᱻУ֮ϱŰؼΪâסһƵǴ뱻νܡ


296 ħ֣
ҶսʶǿΣûлң˫ֽӡǰһѪľ޴dַӡָת˲䱻һ⣬Χһ֣޷˺ֺ
޼䰢ǡ
ħΨһһףɻ޼䰢֮ػ޼϶̫ħ֮Сꡣ
ѧףƻͷһս֮УҶһʵ̫ͣĸԶΨǱʹС
˵ʵԡǿҲֻѧ˸䣬ʹ˿ɲһǰ㣬ȫ߶󷨣Ҳ޷ҶʲôκΣһݣ̷ռݱ֮λػ󷨣ſɽ
â󣬻Ӫһ磬䣬ɳνŰЩȴ޷˿˺
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ڿնһżɽɽ㣬Ҷ¡
Ҷ˫Ȼһɹէ
ߣ
ĿҶһߣʹ˷֮ƶȻ̰ڣȡУһſɽȥ
䣡
һ󼤵âܲסֵػȻݣƵɳ⣬ûϵ£ҶȻ֣ɽ㱻ַɳ󷨱ǿƣޱܣֱŻѪ
ϵȱִ˼֣ٶܴҶһѪ˿
壬ȻʵҲֻʱģֲ˶ãʱһἫҶպޣƾȻƵʹ˷壬˵ֱܴ衣
Ͳ˼ϵʹڣÿһÿһ붼ޱȵıҶû˿ͣŷϡ
ħɵ
һ̣Ҷû˿ʹǿʽħɵаȻȫһѪɫ֮УϵٶƽǰʱȻħں۷壬һƣݣħ
̶Ƭ̣Ϣ֮䣬ħڳڣһ·ħں۷壬ħɾҲֻһ֮ңʵĿɲһǰ㡣
ƴ󺧣˲ʱջڣҲʹ֮ʵǣ˿̣֮ǿֳ֮ˣߴͬ൱ڰ˺壬ֱӽƵںڡ
Ҷ壬ҲһС磬ȴֱԾһ磬еĲȻö˵ֻҶʩչطħɵڷĻǿʵ
ǰδеʵУտɽֱѡӲ
䣡
ըֱըѾǰľˣˣȫƻ֮˾Ȼǿز
Ӳ˶˳ȥӴĳ޷סɽֱַɳอܴһѪ
һߣҶͬŻѪлϣѾΪأղһУ·磬Ͼ֮ƲںڣҶȴħɵӲħںڵ۷徳磬ǿ˲٣ǲǷͻȻϿ˾Աء
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ǰδеķҶһ˫۾ҪѪƺͲںϵˣһͷҰţһȥ
ƱѣΣӦֻһȭҶȥȴҶ仯ȭΪצֱץס
ֱֺҶץסƾһ£ʶķҶ˫֣ȻʱޱȾ鷢ˡ
Ҷ˫־ǿһ㣬Ƶ˫סֲǣֱָеĺ񽭺Ӿ̣˳ֱۣҶйȥ
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ֶΣƸоĪһֻţںȫܿƣǿдָĸо
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Ӧָе״ԳΣССҲ¶˾ݣСһӣһƮƵָ֮γһ磬ǹ⣬ѵĺŻָƽ

ƹĿеҶ䣬ȻоĹԽԽ٣ܿ쾹һǰ㶼ˡ
Сڹô㣿
ɻҶһȴƻȵվǰʱ󾪣ġħȻʧЧˣôܣ
Ҷ佫ߵ£ȴɲ㹦ָѪɫɱҲԽԽʢ
ҶپܵҪɿƵ֣ȴƷӦ죬Ƿֱס˫֡
Լģֲˣ
ץסҶ˫֣бɱ⣬˸ոаԼĹĿνǴɱԼģȻҶԼɱģԼҲٶˡ
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Ȼһ£ΧѸŵĿڱǻۣںҲȫĵ졣
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ƣԲ˵֮ɳʯҶʮײƾȥڵ˺һֲĹ֡
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ƽɽʰҶȥ
ͬУǵһʤҵģƣҼסˣٱȹԶԶ֮ƣ̶ĿڿԼӽϣҶ³Ѫĭ֪֮Ѿƶֻ֣ԴС
Ҳ֪Ҷʹ˸ʲôţһѪͻ̽ڣƼ״ϣȻûϵҶǰҶ㻯ΪһѪ⣬УʧֻŨŨѪζ
ħֶΣǹĪ⣬վҶղŵĵطûô뿪ģŸͷվԭأǲ֪δ׷
ħѪݴ󷨣׷ˣ
һȴ˹Ծģ¾ˣħ̫ϳϵĵӣ֮Ҷ䣬ħĴߣȻƵУԭΪ֣֮ƶʹ槼ܽ⿪ȴûϵƻᶸȻת
Ҷ츳ʵЩڼΪŵĪģ½һУܱȵҶˣһƾ˵ҶʵһУǶ⣬Ȼôһλ֮ӣˡħǿħ֮һġħɵȻˣһܵôף¡


297 ѧֱ˵
ħѪݣ
üͷһʲôҶ䣬䲻ʵȴƽδˣջΪһ
ոհɱˣпһ˰ˣϾ˵ԭħԶҶˣҲѲ鵽ͷϣƫƫȴˡ
ոӣǵСЩ
ƿ˿ԥһ£ʵղʹԳף̫𡷣

ƳһڷڵѪƽת񣬡㲻ǺͰһӵôѵû߹㣿
֮°ֳԭΪףҪ˵ûиɲš
һͣȷûи߹̫ഫΪԳ֮󱻴ԳУԳôףճԳʥ֮һ
˼֮ôһ˵֪ƺͰĳ޸ԴˣҲԡ֮ģں槼ع飬׶˵ȴûôҪˡ
ֻǣԳ꣬Գ嶼ûУλأ
ϸʣź˹磬ˣ
Ѫϳ˵ǡ
һС˶ѣ
ҡҡͷСޣֽӹ˼£ĿС۵ϣȴǳɻ˵ǰжΪֻҪһ̥һжΪޣСһղһޣȻҶħʵţĪСһﻹǰʵɣ
ư˼⣡
˵Ҳ֣ոջ޲ѣôһСȴİٶ硣
Ƚǰɣ
ŵսʵ̫ȻǻЩ룬Ҳᾪ֮ˣδⲻҪ鷳ƱźӣˣѸ뿪
ѾˣǵĳҲˣҲסƣֱԽǽ룬Ҷ˵в޸֣ҹɫҲû˷ǡ

ջ
ҶʹʲôֶΣ˹죬ȻҵĹ
ͷδּʱ֣ԼָסѾҶĵ
˹аͷһϣȫܿƵйһϾͻֻ̱ÿֲݡ
ԳΣǡħеסħ֡ӦûңĻڿѾˡ
ħʲô
ħ֮֡ոѾҶжУҲ쳣ǿ󣬿˵սʤ쳣ѣǹؼʱְֳæ˭ʤ˭˵
СǰδеأħϹħںʮ̫ħħ֡аХ޼䰢ǡ޷ħɱ̷аħɵʥ
ʮ̫ħÿһǰԵϣԡħɵ˵ӿɴʩߵĹһħɾʱƾӣ͸ս𣬿νԵ
ħǡħĸֱΪɴ󷨣ר˹δɵ֮ǰ½ܣν̸֮ɫ䣬ΪӣȵĹνͻͽһʱҲΪӣȽʧԣԴʮǿһʥͼʥɵʥɣʥ棬ɱȣҲ˳ɵ֤ؼʥλ
ԣ޲оȻ桢涼ɵǺεţħǿ˹
Ȳһ콾ǿԴ󣬼̶ħ֤ľͲǵˣֻϧʥδɣȱ㱻ɱʹ䡣ҡҡͷЩ̾Ϣ󣬿ħ֪ȥֻ´˵벻Ȼٴγ֣ѵڶʥ̫ˣ
еľƽȻת֣ħӦҲаɣ
Сרſ¼ؼħȻҲ⣬ȻֱأƻǱһ˿룬ôǿף˭ᶯĵģҲ⡣
ֹŹֵĿһۣǰǶʧˣղһʩչһˣħʮʩչ˾¿¼ʣʥδɵĲƪҲһסЩôѧ

һͣȷѧǱϾħЩɣ
ѧֱ˵ְһۡ
ܴңЩʵ
ֲÿɷֻǵϹ֮Һ󣬿ħ֪٣̫Եֲֻʹˣ֮ƣ֮Ծܼرģʧ֮УǰԼԼҴҲ޷
ԣǰһ
ħŷɱΪննҵħʮΪġħʮһɱֵͣ
Ǳѧħ֡ƶһ£
ħ֡ȫӶ˵ɹ̫аԵѧǲɣȴҪ£Դ˻ҵĻ־ᣬ׶ħҲħǾ仰֮ƣ֮񣬷ʵҲ˵ĹɱҲôΪѵ
صĵ˵ͷ˹׳ףһĽݾֲͶĹκ˼˶ᶯģǷȻ޷ջġ
ѵһ㣬ǿҪǿľܿƣħֻ֡ǹǾ磬һ˾ܿƵķΧ׾ͻħԣ֮;ûнݾߣһеĸҪ硣
˵Ǹţϵ裬ͻƾҪʵ׺ܶ࣬ѵķһ㣬֮ǰ֮УѾᣬħ֡İԵܣȴֲⷽ治㡣
ĳɳǿ󣬽µĳҲ٣ġ嶼жԹִһħ壬ΣԽԽǿڱǿĳ嶯ҲԽԽǿħ֡˯ʱͷ
˺˵ɣҵٿǿǲǸðѡħ֡㣬һҪǳ˵ڶȣҵɾʹˡ
ֲṵ̂ħƣʱȴЩ˼ϾǿǱϹΪĴڣȻϹڻϲֻأ֪ħ˿˵ٵÿ֪ĸ٣Ҳҵġ
ϾȻֻŸġħר߽ݾֱӶ˵ĹʧԲߣһСҲٲġ


298 ⾵ˣ
㲻ңħѾħ壬ôȥò˶ãħ²ֵֹڶôˡ
ҡҡͷħ˵ôԵħ廹֪ж˻ᣬ붼˾ÿֻš
ԣƲƲ죬Ϊħôѧô͸ոǸˣѧҲֻЩƤëѣͷӲħңĹеĿˡ
⻰ʲô˼ɻʵ
ֵħȻ˹ĹϾǱ˵ģֹҪΪãںǼʥԵģƷףҪڵĺ߳٣ҪĹѶȿɲС룬עһֺȴ޷ʹСô
ԭˣ
ƻȻ߽ͽףͽ߽ѣҶֱˣԺеˡ
ûˣȴһ鷳һֻħ򣬰ѷŵһʱҲ˵᲻Լ鷳ҶʱСһۣƱ֪϶С⡣
ˣޣΪҶħһ뵽С̱ѯոһĻȷ˷ѽ⡣
ƺҲƸסˣ˶٣Ųĵ˵ͷת֮ѾֻǸͨˣӦʱҸӦбҲ£ʲô̥ոħǱԶ
ʲôһ㶡
ֵǮıӦþˣֱƣʲôأ
ͷ׼ʥǿߣı϶ܶ࣬һתģһ벻ʲôո㱧ʱѾ̽ȴûκη֣ǱƷײֵ͡
ԣҲ֪˵ʲôˣת֮ǰûʮɰգôԷһ

ջһ
ŮΧǰ⾵֮ããð춼ɢȥ
ôòɢ̲סɻ󲻽ʵ
üһҲʮֵɻžӣٶȴ߶ȻɵһƬͿκεӰ
С㣬Ѳ⾵ˣЩġ
⾵͵ôܻỵˣüҡͷ
ԣǲ⣬Ȼûô̽Ӱ񣿡
룬ϴǿǱˣ
ˣ뵽ʲôһ˿糺졣
ƿ治򵥣Ȼܷ⾵̽飬ˣ̽飡΢΢ףٳԣɲΪ⾵ỵ϶ϴƷǵĿӣ˷ӷǡ
ڵƣԽˣ֪ƲʦУȻɣҲǰ¶ѣɲһ֦ĩСɣ̲ĵӡ
дԣĴˣִǴ֮ܿһεĺˣһѾ֤ʵǰһȴҲ֪ǷţƾݣƺҲ̫һͨˣڶ̶һʱɾ㾳ɣ
ңȻ𵽲ˣȴ槼ķۣϾӺǺ֮ˣ槼ǰ槼Ϊ˶£ơ
ȴûôֹֻ࣬⾵̽飬úܾȣ֮󣬵ͽ쿴ʵȷǿǸҶ˳ħǲ׷Źħ嶢ϣ˼ջһأ
ˣӦӻôĻħҲ
ԣ¶һ˿Ц⣬ҲԣʵЦִ½ˣǰǻɵħ壬ôССħ壬Ҳˡ
ҡҡͷ½඼֪ȥ֮ܵȷվ۷ˣħŮľ˵ǧǰѾɾ񾳽磬Ȼǧδ֪ҪŵĻǲ֪Ѿѡħʲôˡ
һ֮ͣǰ˵ľħ̫ϳʦ棬ʱɾ֮λһͳħôٶȣǧѹǸжǿֱ
ҲѾ˰ɣĻħ磬ִ½ͳħˡΣ
ȷԹħȻ嶷ǣħҰǸ֮йǿģǲʥȫе࣬Ƕֻעʵעؾ磬棬嶼磬Ըƫſ񣬲̶ɱɱΪննҵжľִ½ƣ½ѾΪһƬ
ԣҲ΢΢ףħƫʽľڰ֮޵ֻ֮¾粢ȹ̣Զľʧ֮޽в˲²ˣ޷Ǻױġ
ôʮڴ½Ӧûвٴǿߵģֻ֪ںδԣȻ槼ع飬ҲûпԴ󣬶ȥ̲Ⱥ˼
С㣬ĺӣЩ֣ǣ
ֻܹȴôһĸӣʵйģ֮ǰСһҶħʵ˾
룬ֽ⾵ȡ˳׼̽һСӤʲô֮
Ȼȴޱȵʧ⾵ϣͬһããһƬö˵϶Ƹ˹
ĪӤʲôתǻصµСʧ⾵Щƣüͷšһš
֮Уʲô˳˳ˮһֱΪδǣ֮һƺĵĸı䡣
һͷһֲֵ֮ĸоΪòǰֵһᣬ츳ҲЧֱȲ͵ҲʧЧˣ治֪һϾ˶ܡ

һҹȥһҹ޸˸߰˰ˣֻǱҶ˲ٹûһʱָһսڶ£ԼҲֻǳڣҶһµٶȵʦȥ
磬ЩôҪͣЩӣ˺Щ߰ɣ緹ʱЩƵ壬ƿѪӣǰŻˡ
£С˶ѣҡҡͷЦ·ɣȻصĹǵĵˡ
ƿЦеĵҲȻˡ
ĸʱǵɽֳ֮ڻǵģһ룬һ£ǶʵڲģǴ߰ȫЩ


299 Ǳɽɣ
緹ûе飬ƴĸӼ·ŮȻҲţƤһ
ɽ£
ʱһ£ٴɽƵȫһˣң뵱ɽ£˺ԼΪɽХʱȥԼɽȥͼֳˡ
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㲻ȥôƳɻʵ
ƶ˶٣תɷ⾵һá
õõ˼ҵĵطŽ˼ò˼ˣȴ˼Ů
İһۣ֪Ƶͼ⾵ȡ˳һ⾵ƮܿԳһƬ
ƴ˹ȥȴǰþòɢɻ󣬡ô£
⾵˵ɽдʿϴο̽ʦõ£Ǳɽĸˡ
ԣЩʧҵ취⾵̽飬ɽĸʱпܳɾĴܣ϶Ҳа취⾵
ĬƬ̣˾ģ̧ɽߡ
ƣȥ֮ǰҵ㣬ɽȫŮޣɽΪɣ꣬ϹɽʿָɽĸԸţƢǹŹ֣ɽǡ
û˵꣬ǻе˼ȴˣԼóȻɽȥֳǻᴥɽɵĽɣǺõģһȴǲˡ
ڰɽĸΪʦָдУǰ;νΣѵܴ뿪ôҲ˵ɽĸ᲻Ӧʦøˣⲻǻǰôŵ
ƵüͷšĻǴȥˣֳѾɽɵĵˣɽ½ǶĴɣֳɽĸΪʦǰ;ν
Լܴ뿪ôɣǲǾǻ
Ҫһ⣬ȥɣƳ
С㣬ԣ
Ļһ䣬㼱ˣȻŮޣȴ壬ȥױʶݣΣ
Ƽ״ҲҡҡͷȥΣգ̫Ůˡ
ҡͷҲ֪ǲü䲻һ˿ʧȻԷ飬ԼҲˡ
磬Ҫȥ
̧ͷ˿ɽҡҡͷһţȥһͻ
£ǲĸȥյġ
֣รɣ
ƻͷһۣ뿪ϣܹһ㡣
дž棬ԣɫȴǱ˱䣬һƣԼĸӲ˵׻ǲԼ
˵ЩʲôȴѾɽˣֻףԸƱɽϵŮźá

˲Զƽɶ˳ʩ˸Ϣһһ˲ʧ֮С
ɽζҪȥģۼֳţѰǿһ۾ҲãҪȷֳİȫ
ֻΡϢȴסʶ̽飬ɽɸֻмģϵƣɺڵ̽飬ɽĸʶ׾ͻᷢ㣬ԣɽһҪСССģԺﴫֵľ
صĵ˵ͷȻдִ֣񲻴ƣɽĸֳʦǲܶô޵ġ
ɽʮа˾ֻᱻ˹ĴȥҲֻܿϢ֮ɽȻɺڵʶܷɽĸֲ񾭲Լҵϣһֱʶԣֻܶһˣɽȷֳİȫߡ

ܿɽһƺΰɽųǰ֮УһƬȺ֣ɽֹڵŮػš
ƽŲȵỺŪ죬ɽɽȥ
ɽ治ŮɣػɽŵʿƲипһ£ö֮ĴŮм䴩˹ȥ
Ůʿɽǰ߶ţҲ뵽ľȻ˴ǵƤӵɽȥ
ɽɽţƽ˱ǣ˳Ѿʱڣתůһľ
Χʱ˾вﵽʦĸ֣ȴǶӶȴҵģСĵƶţⱻɽɵײϣԶ;Զ룬ɽɽڣһ֣ǲġ
Ķأ
һӣ£ƿټɽɣֲѯʣһʱ˳

ȻƷֲԶиʮҵİС߿˫Ĵ۾ɻͲ⡣
ѵˣ
жʱһͻԼƺûб¶мСﲻͯľ磬ôܷԼĪۣ
סȻԶƿԿ϶СŮȷԼ
˵Сϳɿ΢ҲЩ˵ۣĪСŮ
ƴҴһµʱǰһ֮гһŮʯµССվŷ㶣ǰŮļ򣬡ʲôأ
СﱻһͷһǰŮ˿ǰŮָԶӣʦ壬ҸոտһӰӣȥˣ
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Ůԣɻ˳СָķȥֻһӣΧյģĶʲôӰӡ
ҿۻ˰ɣĶʲôӰӣŮЦСС֣ȥɽ֣Сʦȥ
С˶٣ʦ壬ĸ˵ȥСʦ޵ô
ĸҪټ
ŮһֱС뿪ˣСһͷӣ¿ֻۻô
뿪̲ס˿ղһ̣֪ʲôľˡ
Ӱӣ
뵽ոС˵ĻƵͷһΨӣӰӣвһ£̫գﶼӰӣȻϢ£ͬڵӰӡ
һ£ģһӰڵߣ˿ǲǻ˹ôոտ϶ǱС￴ԼӰˡ
뵽ƶͷһ˿ˮ£Ȼûôһ©ҺǱһСŮǻ˸ˣڿ϶Ѿ¶ˡ
Сʦ棿ɽĪ˵ʦã
пһ£⾵ֳ̽ʱ򣬼ıһƬֳ֣֮ǰɽĸΪʦôɽɵıһܸߣһ룬Ů˵ģֳˡ


300 ȥ
벻ǣȥ֪ҵƬ˵ģʵױ¶
ɽɵľܶ࣬רżûб䵽ĵطߣٱ˷ԼӰӣԶԶĵŮɽɽȥģһϲβеĳպ

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һСֱͨʮֵ쳣ŨȷǸѵõĸء
ԼԼһƢֵһݣǰĿյϣһŮ֮ϣٸңΧĴ񻩻Ķ֦ҶΪ衣
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ȻֹŮӰסң̧ͷԺ⿴ȥԺСʯ·ϣһԴСŮЦЯֶ
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ŮߵǰæЦݣԺŮ
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ŮӶ˶٣٣Ҳ˵ŶŮԺȥ
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ûʲô߰ɣ
عŮҡҡͷŮһѸٵ뿪֡


Ժſڣһ󳤳̾ϢԶԶעǵӰ뿪ѡ
ţĻţ
֮£ۿЩʪ󣬸ո뿪ǰŮӣֳ˭
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ոռֳһֳ̣һԱ߻Ůڣȴǲһ¶мȥԣֻĿֳ뿪
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ܿóֳѾʦڵľˣԼԼƺһǿϢȻֳ֪Ͼʲôֻˣ˵ΣѵܴĹôǻ
ֳúܺãְɽĸΪʦƼƽ֮ȡ֮ȴο
תݣװţӦֳƽǱ޵ĵطˣһ񴲣һױ̨Ǽ򵥣Ůӹ뷿һһɵ㡣
ױ̨ϣһֽȫĻֽһֽţһ龫ֵСϤֳĵܵ񣬵ڶŻϷ򸾡
ţ࣬һˣƤһЦθǧɽ
ŻƣһϮٷңԱдһоС֣ɽľľ֦
һ̾磬⼸ֳΨһļ˰ɣһŰֽߵëʣһ⣬ͣƬ֮ƳݣƮȻȥ

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ҹҵټľ񣬷Ҳûж룬ʾ£ǹͣȻԣֱӾʹɽȥˡ

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֮治УȻһЦӵȷŹ֣ҲΪвٸ֣ѽǻǹԹ˯ɡ


301 Ϊľս
͹ɽֶܸ࣬ϲӣҲΪ͹ɽвԴկʽڵĴУĴУһ㶼ǷǳģȻ֪ΪʲôƺӹϵôãǱϾˣһ˵صʲôɻ䣬Ǻȴ
ԣҲеɻֻȥ⼸ոƣһ㰲ȫжûС

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ڿնһͻʯͷϣưѵػʯȡ˳һ͹ţֱһͷԼڿĻʬ˦ȥ
Ũޱȣػʯһ¶⣬˻棬һȼգͷʬؿڣǻʬ̾ͱһ߻ʬ׹ʬȺ֮С
Щʬǲܲˣ糱ˮһӿ編ƣһ߱÷λһ߻ӸޣŻգƬ̣ʮͷʬûڻ֮Уɽлӳ죬طӡ
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ֻƬ̾յ˺ľϣľδΣ޷ܣûϵϰСӣȻֶΣػգ̷ͬϴʮֵټȵŤڳܾ޴ʹࡣ
·Ļ𺣣ûóȻȥҲȥڵ޷ٿصػһմϣǾԷˡ

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ʣµӣľǵûϲʱȥľԼľеǧˣ˳ľ֮Ҳûȥֱ뿪ɽѡ

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룬ƾͼ֣ģȴغԵ֣ǧ˵ҲһʮӴĲƸ
콫ƵѪˣִߴš
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ҽеǧһһ¼֮Դ㣬˵ҲЩ
ֶһ仰ֱӱɲģԶҳһҳֽ׼ǳľƣľƷ⣬һԶƮ˳һһӡڰҳֽϣֽ漴ֳһס
СְԼһˣһǻٶȣȴǲ֪Ҫ¼ãϾǿǧңǻδǰе֮涼ҪԶȷе˵Ӧبˡ


304 ʦˣ
ȻеæˣҲùǧӦ㹻ֳɳ˰ɣҲٶܵİѰʧˡ

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305 Ź֣Ź֣
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⸨Ǿ̫֮е̫ɶȥδȻľ磬вܽؾɣ˵ٶ꣬Ѱǿߴܣָֻһ㣬䲻˵ȫУҲɽ߰˰ˣҲɴ˵˸
Ⱳ˲٣һЩģҲ㲻ģһƣһǻӤˡ
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Щͷ̧ۣͷƿȥƺڵƸ𰸣Ȼ֪𰸵ġ
⺢ӣֱ꣬ҵʱųֻ˵ôһ䡣
Ա仨Ǿ󣬳˶ʮ»̥һĵֱδţ³죡


306 ħ
ҲһʷУҲйЩһǴͣѲɣԼӤʲôת
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ʥתֱţð죬е𾪣С豧ţĿϣҪҸᣬúСӲС
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槼ŪŪ壬ڸʲôü֮Ҫ槼Ǹüһ棬úʡ


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ħ򲢷ǳеİաħ죬ʹ½طһҲķ⣬ħ֮ԱΪħֻħ֮ˣϰħߵá
ֶжôôѪȣôŰôɥĲ񣬶ȥǣ˶Ǻɱ
ħռݴ½ϴƬɽħ߶ΪɢޣҲвɣС꣬жɣǿߣһ޷ģǾǱħĹϽ
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310 ħ䣡
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ƶƬ̣Ϊ֮ƣֻһ·ܻȫ
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ǰǳ֮ħʵҲ𣬺ңǴǧſʼָѾ꣬ȻС꣬£ҿֻ£СϷ£зڸɮӻСᰲȫࡣ
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ԣȴüͷ˼ԣȷǸ취ǣСŸո£ٲҪչˣ˷徲أһŮӣ϶಻㡣
ߣһӣԥ룬㲻ǰϵô뷨ǰ񾳽ǿߣħ֮Ӧòѡ
⻰üͷøвɵÿЦӣԼܹҲֻһ棬شĶȥ
ǰ˵ʲô죬ҲֻԸԸΪ˸ԼӪһĪıߵĶѡ
Ѿħ嶢ϣԼҲҪСģ
ѡ˵Ѿ˵ˣҲ޷ṩӻϾԷǸƵħ塣
Ҫħ忹⣬Ψнֻǣ»ΪһĹħԿô
Ȼǲʵģһħս˵ǰһĻֽݣΪ˴Ļҵ룬¶ѡ⡣
ϣѡڶ·ӣֻҪӿϳ棬϶ħɵȴ֪Ƹû
̫Ӵڼֳ⵵£Ұ𶯣鵱ħͷңȴǸ鷳
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ĻҪ̸֮ˣ糤һվƵҿѪӿȻȥɣҪȥϻ㣡
Ƶͷһͬ뿪鷿

ԺźӺһ𣬶ܰ˾ĸֻͻ˹ϵ¶ûˣոϷһĻʵǰǾŵòᡣ
֣ôЩ˵ģ߽Ժӣѯʡ
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311 ̫Ӵ飡
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˵ģһͣǣ˵ľиݵģǰħ½֪
Щұ֪
ļֹסĻͷһҲǵ;˵ģħһʲôĴڣ˭ܹ˵أ
ΪȻǻ벻ģЩ
ҡҡͷģӦ֮ߣ㻹ǰ׼Ĺүɣ
ԣΣֻϣϵֻɢħħʲôźá
֪ϵħһħȨ㼯ģħ
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ֱ˵ҶĹ϶ᱻԼĹΪԼǼʥĺһ߱ҶͰʥҲĥԣĶħҲ⣬ɹ̽𣬾ٹ̣ΪҶڵֺб½йĻһ亦
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ħǾͲ׽ԼôˣҶ䣬ħɣˣѾغħ棬ħж񱨶г𱨳Ը񣬾ǲˡ
ڵʵϣд֣Ҳû˭ǣԷȻֻһλϷ򸾼ʱ֣Կ϶Լ
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槼ӦԼΣƿԿ϶Լ϶ƴǣݡλʵȥħһ£ܽԼµħ嶢ϣƹָ֮о治ãƲǶԸԼǶԸԼߵˡ
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槼˵ΣӦòʹɣǵţȴˣ槼еĿӡ
ձ̫Ӵ飬̫Ӵ֮󣬱ȥһΣðѺħµӽ˲С

䣬ˣְе鷿̸á
뷨ǽСϷºЩϾϹʥͣʥ֮µһˣʱգȻ뾭ʥתĹȻҪȫҮʶѣָǰ磬Ĺ˵ҲһԵаһ
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Ͼ壬ƺ廹оԹ˵ҪȥʱҲò䣡
࣬ı죬⻰˵Ȼ̫ԣҲ޵ų壬ͬҲų࣬գ䣬һΣյ¡

³壬̫Ӵ飬ӭȢƽ֮ŮԽͬ졣
ŵƽʣϲ֮УҹĻ԰磬Ⱥͬ֡
Ϊǻ̫ʦȻҲ֮Уܰ࣬һƣһ͸衣
ߵģԽˣǻ̫粻ĻǽĴĻʺ
ò˵ãÿҪˣǸһ˶̫ߣׯ磬ľƶЩλ̫ǲͬһġ
ȴֵңϯЦģһ˾ƣϯ֪ݣҲһЦӭþͺ̫Ӵ飬Сӳһ㡣
մϲĻڣ˼ɣݰգĻʱ뿪ˣ̫سͬ֡
ƶƱ׵£»ϲĳһ
ҲƱһĿƺܰ¶ɨֵܣҿǵһõĺأȴ֪ʱܺǵϲƣ
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ˣˣƸЦ⣬̫Ŭ̫ʦ˳źã

ƷһһͣЦԱߵԽҲߺ졣


312 ̶
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˵ƬܳģտҪǳʶУ

һԱ߼Ӹ磬Ҳ壬˵Ŀⶼ˹ҲЦĿ
ƵһۣȴǹЦݡ
Խ̫Ӵ֮ϲԽֵãֲһȴδЩ˵ȥ˰ɣЦ

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ƵĻҲԱ߲ٹӵ壬ؼǣƫƫҲĿ֮£̨
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ˣȴǹЦƶҪΪǲܴ̼ˣԽҲΪԼһѺ
ֵĸҲӣҹ֮󣬿ɾֵˡЦƵһ䣬ȡһ֧ǰĸ̨
Ŀۣ
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ҵǣЩӣǶܰûʲôӣƵĵħ壬Ҳûħɸãħǲô練Ӧġ
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գԹԹ𣬷þûҵ֮ǰʵ죬Ҷڣسɴ󻼣϶Ӱ쵽Ҷǰ;
ҶʴӱţٵľѸǣ̶ʮ꣬ͱ̳ħھ֣һѧڣȫħһ̳˵Ĳ֮ѡĿϵ
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üͷ֮£ֻ뵽һ취ҶڵǾɣ
áħ֡Ҷڵ̶ԼڣԼҶ䲻ħھ磬̶ǧѣȴǰֻ̤ħ񾳵ǿߣ̶ڣǸܽ


313 廹ϵˣ
̶ҶڣȫһʱըǻʳҶ׳˵׼ʲôʱͻңʵǸɲԼĵӣ̶ǰ̡
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⣡Ҷɫ䣬ʦҲ޷⣿
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ħ˽»ȦһȺ֣гһЩ´ħ⣬󲿷Ϊħ˽´Ӵ½岶ģЩˣħһţ˾ȥ⡱˵⣬ЩĹȫΪ˷ħסģҶһҲˡ
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Ĺݡ
ֵܣһôʲô
һ·һգѵݱ߽磬ݣ֮̿ϣһǰһݹ⻮ϵ׷ƣƽ̫죬ֱ֮׷ϣһ͵ýƵһ¡
ĻͷǴźúõģƫҪֵ˭
̫Ӹոմ飬Ǻúңңģ˵Ҫȥ壬һƽͬ·ĸˣǴһ·Ϻúһ£ȴû뵽ֻһǸ·ˣһ۵߻ء


314 ϼɽ
ǲ֪⼸ÿ춼һȺŰͽᣬһǳҵֵСҡҡͷü޸̫ӣ̫һҹֱͳ˺ˣٴٹ˵ĺֶӣ춼ŰͽᣬտʼУûͲʤ䷳ˡ
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СͷƱӵĿһۣģϵɽ»𺣣ҿ浽ʱ򣬾һܵ죡
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Nɪ
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Ͳˣ˲ӣҪǳףңڣҵң֪أ
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ƱӵĿһȫǸӣΪƽеɱ


319 滨
ƵıӣȴǺ⣬ûŮˣǰһˣνлֱۣҿҲ㲻µˣ
˵ţݸһ
ֻ꣡뱬ֿˡ
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ˤ˸࣬ЩߵĵĵİıߣȻңǲǺģ
ллȫңûĵһ
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Ͳ׼˼Сʱ˳ôЦ
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ʶģƾ뵽֮ǰǸɽĴ˵ǡԲ֮ҹĪʲô֣
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Сվڶڣɽָָֻͷƺߺ˼Ҫȥ
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Ŷڵĵطһˮ̶̶֮´ܳ٣໥̶֮γһ޼룬Ͽһ۵ʻȥ滨ޱȵĽޡ


320 Ů
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ԣ˶һģĹӽһڣɬ
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ֻǣƻôȤô

İЩӳԵһʣǷһ˿ȣжԳľøӿ˼֡
ʶʶԼųľķʲôأʶľɣľΪʶɣ
ʶ񣬲ѹ˵ȫƽһ⻹ԼӳľĥһһǿľֱɳƵһˡ
ľеǧƲóȻЩɶبƷ֮ߣѾǰƷ׵óȻȥĻڵľ磬пܷ˺
˳ľѧ֮⣬һһϦܹȥģ˵ǧףֻһ̺ϢԳűԴ
ɽǰգڻͲסįһܻƽңȥˣ˵ƽӭƣֻһһݿˮ
ҲãһҲ徲ʡÿķҲʱٺúооľܷٵĳʲô;

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£Ҳûǿտеڵھ֮øӵǿƶÿմܵ
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Ҹʱúõоһǣ
յбͣӳƵϣƿԶƺϼ˳˼㱼䣬Ǵһ˿Ժһ˿⡣
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ȴͬؼһֻеĵط࣬еĵط٣ֱʳ϶Ҫȡħȫ࣬ڼϡǿܡħ֡͡һһħӳ͸ǵߺһܳɾһ֮
ƺ붼ǴӼмֳɵģ䴥˵һ֮ĳΣԺΡ
ֻǣܸճɣȻˣҲʱ翵ĸоѹɽĴϣ˿˿ǲ֪䲼˺ˮ
Ȼڳڵû͸ǽıͣҲ˵ǵԺһе֮׳ˡ
ɷϣֵϵܸߣֻǾҪĽȻһô׵£
Ƭ֮ٶȱ۾˼ģȽ֮պ󾳽һˮɣǸģһɣء
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һ󵭵ĻƮƵıǼ⣬Ƶ̴붨ͷȥ֮һŮȻĴɽ˳
崿һһŰֽһҲûУһҳ崿
Щ΢֣ȴЩǰƶоЩޡ
ԭĶɫȹ˷۰ɫŮٷƽ˼ʥ࣬ɫƼŮУܺڵĺȵģҲ
ϱµģƺǸող˯һۣһͿڶ⣬Щ㲻״
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ϣһãȻƵĻԴƺŬĻ룬һŵҲǲ̫ˣֻһⶴˣģˣ˺һŵ·ҳ
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ֻЩЩΣҡҡͷǰ˴գ̧һųץƵ½ǣ˼һ㣬Ϊ㶪ˡ
Ժ˺ľǰǰһ顣
ԭģ
ƵĽһ˫ȴǺȻŮеʱ򣬸;һ
ʲôģˣһɻĿ
ϵľδˣֻǵһܳΣиƯҺܶණֻΣĻǺֲΣ
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ЦȻģԼڲѾͻƵʦڵľô


324 Ů
񾭴ĹƵĻſʼ̽Լ壬棬ֻ˭һѣĪĶ˴в˵ȻҲʦڣͻƵʦڣѾʦڵ۷塣
ԼˣһӶʥ˳µͻƵʦ磬֮ԭѧġ̡޴ʥдʥ顶ԯӸǰﵽʦڵľ磬Ϊһеľٮٮߡ
ڴﵽʦ֮󣬽չ㻺ԤԯӸûиһأҲѴﵽʦڣھȻ˯һͻˣչգ
֮⣬о֮ڣһʮǿ׽ޡ
Ůһ䡣
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̫Ѩ˵ľŮµĴаɣСŮЩң
ŮУúúϧҲһԵζ벻ģƵ
صĵ˵ͷ绨Ц̣ǰסƵֱۣҸǶˣϴڶʥõʥ飬ֵ˾ŮĴУҾ֪粻Կģ
ҳԭֺôƼȻĵ
Ųأ
ԣЦһͣ;¶һСŮŤģ
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СѼҲбɰһ찡˭뵽Ǹ·ضҪζ椣ȴСˣ
أƹһЦ̧ͷ˿ɫ鲻ʱˣǻץ·ɣҲˣҹƽǣ
˵ͷ˯˶ˣ
£Ƶ
£
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ƽǣѾҹƽıСǣϣϾһˣĿջѾţƱźֱȥ
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𴲺󣬰ݻһͥͨ뺣ź뿪ƽأͥһɽѾǵ˲ʱ䣬ÿЩС
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磬̩ɽôǰΡɽвӿһɺȻ֮顣
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ԣһ£̩ɽʯҵǿţ̩ɽʯ֮أ½ɣҲ֪Ȼᱻ֪
һ룬ֻعǵõŮУŮӣЩϢӦöǾŮиİɣ
ˣȸɣý֦˶٣ƶź
̩ɽʯϣĶȥⲻ˷ʱôȻЩҲûбҪߺ
ԣҲûж˵˵ʲôʲôֻǸƳġ


325 Dȣ壡
ܿ͹̩ɽԶǴ߾ͣ˽Ų
ôˣ磿ɻʵ
ҡҡͷûʲôֻмѣ
˵ѣͨկҶˣ겻ȴҲ֪ôˣ뵱ܣͨկپɵأл
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ˣȻʱ˵ɣ
ҡҡͷżȥ壬ȥͨկѲˣ뻹ǵȻس̵ʱʱȥͨկˡ
ϣȥ

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Щ˵һӰֵַĴڻ֮أȻܵģԻƵ棬ֽЩҲû壬ϾҪЩ己ĵöࡣ
ˣ½˹֮УҲ˵ص
һǵ涼ɽһȴѿһ޾ѷ졣
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˵棬ʥ⽮ѹȣĪǾǵ浱ԯʥģҲͷһôһѹȣ̲סȡ
ԣвզ࣬һ֮Ȼܻ˿ֲһַҰǸǺεȷɰ
룬ɱȣħ֮󣬿ңԯΪķ磬ֱΪ籮ѹķѹӦþһ顣
ǣ֪ͦģ
ԣźһЦöʣЩӦӾŮĴеġ
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˵һ㶼ûĿֱѹķ壬ЕDȣв࣬ľɳ˵ĵѹȱǵΪػµ
ǰѹȣǶ֮D֮Ԩ˴ԣ˹ճ֮ճDȣ׹ľǷ˵Ļѣôһѹȣװ̫ô̫ҪǴģô޴½Ҳشˡ
ǣһȴ޽繫ϵģĵԨǵ浱ֱʣһ֮½ѣҲֻʥ˲
ѹе涪µֱҲʲôܣû˸ȥңҲ˵ѹ̫󲻺ң粻ǴͨߣһȥҪǲˣɽҲ֪˶ʬǡ
ʵʦ磬ɹD֮Ԩʦ֣Ҳĵģ籮ɲЦġ
ǹȥɣ
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Ȼ֣˴֣ǲҵģʮûмĵģ槼ع飬Ȼһ壬Ҳĵġ
лˣͬҲлЩѱʿǵĵ̣ܵӺ͹ããɽ֮УŶǿأ
ԣȻдް槼ɽߣСģϾ˼ҵĵ̣
ҪǣҲͷһʶ·ʮηֲģƶ޴ӵ֪Ҫ֪Ħģһ巶Χǻӥüץסˣ
Ȼ˵ĶԹһʹǣԼͰ͵ȥɲΪӥüŹ
磬ĶȥƲ֪Ķߵʱ򣬺ʵ
𣡡Ƶ
𣿡ˣԴ˿ƣǻߣ
ƿЦһ£̯̯֣ϧҲʶ·

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Ժзһ´м䣬ҲûҵںηõĴмǲ٣кܶ޷ȥϾǾ̫͡
ûϵǰߣץСʣ˼죬ҲûҵõҲͲˡ
д⣡ԣһ˿ȣϤģһԼˣطȻץΣǿץˣҲץġ
ȻһЦƵ֣ǰһ֡

óľʶܽԲʮڵһо۵ףһ·ϲޣ֪ıܿˡ
ҪץС˵СһҪڴﵽ߽ףҲھʱ򣬲ܹΣ壬кܴһޣǱֵ㻯ģޣ磬ͯ綼ܻˣΨһֻǻλ᲻̫ѡ
ƺͺҪץС·ʧǣһɽнһ࣬޵ϲ٣ȴһεСû
ʵҲѹ֣ôΧޱ٣Сֵܸ㻯ܻΣ壬һҲֻдŻһµĻޣһ·ϵĶЩɢûȻҲûиְǻˡ
һ࣬ûҵһֻСЩǷϣһ˷ܣ˵ܸƣһֵÿĵ¡
ֻһּı߲ɶ仨Ǳ߲ɶ໨һһԱĻСں濴ţҲ֮á
磬㿴⻨ÿô
ּ䣬һϻضͷ
ÿ
ƵͷһЦʶ̽ܣϣҵǻεС
һӣһЩãŻ˹ǶϻضƵķϡ


326 ƿ
磬̫ƯˣԼĽİƣһЦ
ŻعͷϵҰҲЩЦá
ף
Ҫ˵ЩʲôϵıȴȻһͣתϷһƬɽ´ȥ
ôˣҲЦݡ
㲻˵ץС·ôһ䣬첽ǰɽ´ȥ

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Сĸţɧͦ󣡡
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ľдŮӵĽӴصЦҲ֪ǹľڷʲôĻ档
һͷϳһ˫ţǵľ׳ӣѹһŮӵϣƨɾһʶţײҵˮ컯֮£˾֮£ǿš
ţ磬û˼ôԶԭûģ
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Ӵλæأ
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ģ
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Ļ쵰һӵĺ£ţ߳һǿŨŨˮóܷŭ
ܰ·ȴô
ϷʵĿţУģȻҰսǺˣʶúԶȺҪȻǰһǵ˺˫ۡ
Ҳ֮߳ĵģȻΣȻҲҪѧǰߣƵĻţкһץľ·һףǸŮȴǴϣŭһŮܳ˹ľԣֱȥһȭɱйߡ
ڸµʱ򣬱ԹֱۣǲˡŮеŭһȭ޶˵ݡ
ȻһʦڵСǰôֻǺţγһ֣㽫Ůõ˳ȥ
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쵰ҴӵŮˣ
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һ㣬ܹĹײƸովĵطһը죬ǿôʱϡ
֦ҶҷɣҲصţеУţмһδУٴŭ׼ƵķҪ
ư˰֣סߵţУֻǡ·Ҷλ·ȫ޴Ŷλ֮ġ
·
ţоǸţƢŭ֮ƵĻֱϵļ̽ᣬʹߣŹâйӴƣٶַɳƵؿײȥ
Ƽ״ҡҡͷֻʸ·ѣ˺Ŷ֮ģţͷϣһʱ⣬ֻˡ
ۼƲܣһ̣㽫ʥڵǿȣѾѰֱˣֻǸƷֱȻҲѲơ
ץסţһǷһ˿Цⱦɲǽֻײô򵥡
ͬʱҲţеı仯ץеĴһףࡵһȻСĹֲϡ
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ֱø¸죬ȭͷʹԶɿˣʹ裬ٲȡжֵñСˡ
Ѿţϰ֣ҲֲԼˣ̽ʥȡ˳һΪһǯץǯӱһС
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ţһ٣̱ţܴһѪЩή١
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׼ʹʱһȣͷһȴǺ߱Ÿ̴ƿӣƬ̱Ƶߡ
עСƿӭΪһĴƿӣɢ̵ı⣬һָ㽫ƿ˰ա
ͣ
ƿһĸţȥĸţȫûз̱㱻УֻоԴһ㱣Щƿ죬Ȼһ쫷磬ӴĸţƿӶȥ
ĸţȫûϵıʡڼϱеͷΣδӦ㱻ƿӸƿС
ƿǣƿҡһ£תĿƣƺ
Ӵǣ˵ԭǸ
ƼˣҲЩȣƿȻʶǺ뿪ϼɽʱĸ͸ġ
ȻһЦɣ
ĸףǳĹһûĴڣƿƿڵĴ֮ΪƷɱ
Ԧ֮ɣƿշЧֻҪսƿһ͵ҰҲ÷ģֻΪ޵
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㣬˸ˣ
ĳ֣ţҲоޣʱȻû˼Ůģǰ˶ǲǵ
ЦţҪҷԣǵĻ
ţƿڴ֪˭ô̰˷ˣһ
ѼӻӲ
ԣҪƿƿǣŵţһˡ
ֹס˺ֻǾú־գĵ̣̽ᣬ˭֪ЩǣЩǣ»
ұƶţ
ţɫףƵĻ̶ưǰСӣˣ¸㣬ţͷɽˣүүţ峤ţʶģϰ˸ҷˣӻԼ̣


327 ɽ
˵Լݣţ߰ţǶԴǿ׶ƶˣţ壬ʮҲǾǰĴڣţĵϣȻֲ٣ıҶ˾ûм
ڴǰ˵Ͽµı飬Ǳ壬ͷģǣܿͷԼˣ˵ķӦƺԤϵĲ̫һ
㻹û˵˭
Ŀǰͷţû߽ڱ㻯Σ϶бģƲ⣬ʦڵľ磬ȻԼǰôţʵڲ֪˵Щʲôá
˶˵ţ»ȻѾţˣȴɵ죬Ҫһưĵˡ
ԣЩ̿Цˡ
ţҵĶ˶˾Ȼݣ
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Ԭɽϵɻ˾ȣ槼Ǻ棬񾳽ĳǿڣôϽˣ
ƽȡԬɽǰ˻ΣƱҵģҲ˵ѾԾĦ룬ҺĦζԹӦѾ˰ɣ
ĿϣԬɽû˵ȻûǣƲ˵ٻڲƭһʿȻ泶Ϲϵȣƣ治ó˵۹
ΣԬɽ棬ҲҪС壬ҪСӥӥرԸ񣬻Ϊ˼Ҷ֣ǣҸҿ϶ǾԲܷγ޵ģ岻Ҷ֣֡
˼ǣԣüͷ塣
Ԭɽͣʮ϶ǲģĦҲã΢Щõĺ壬ȴѡӻ㣬ǲͷģҿӥ鷳϶Ԯ
üͷû˵Ԭɽ˵Ҳûпܡ
͹ߵýϽпܻҴԸ㣬ֻǳĲӲӥǲ֪ӥǮ᲻óǮˣҲˣ֮Ϊ˳ޣӥǿ϶ġԬɽ
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ԬԱ㣡ƹ˹֡
ɽϵĹӣǿժôԬɽҪߣæʳĵ⡣
˵ժûôͿԲԵˡԬɽЦЦתȥ
ںϴ˴㻹治Լˣ
磬ǳȥתתɣ˳ժЩӳԡȻһЦͥԺȥ
Сֳˡ
εĸź˳ȥ˵˳ժЩӣʵ˳ȥתתǡ

ڻɽ죬ȥĵطҲȥˣܳԵĹӣҲ˸飬ȴûɽƵȵЩͷˡ
磬㿴ø߰ɽɽӰһƬ˳ָŲԶһƬɽ꣬Ƶ
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˵ţԼǿŹƵԬɽǰְɣ

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Ӧһ̶Խ䵽˺ߣ߰ɡ
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337 Ԭɣ
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Ԭһ㶣ɻʵѲɣԸ⽫׸ң
кβɣһ˿ȣЦЦĵ𡷱Գ崫ףҰǰҲԭˡ


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ҲûңԬɰһ֪ոСҪףЩǷףҲͷӼƽϣ
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֮Ǿ͸Сӻػɽȥ㿴ΣȻһЦЩȲսˡ
ŮУСŮԯӸĲ湦Ҫͻھ磬ɻԶ֮ǰԬɽս÷죬ڴսܸĽʦڵľ磬ǰٽǿɾʵʵھˡ
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ӺɻĿ֮УƸоһĿâڱۣ˳Ÿоȥֱһɫµߡ
ӥǣһ˫ʮֵɫüëʮۣƿ϶ԼûмĿĸоͺǲʲôޡ
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㲻֪ھ͸㣡槼ȱ䣬ΪϹʱھ춯صһ΢¶һƣҲڳɪɪƣ˱ĵܵܣ˾㣬ǵվȻҶ֣ľ浱ɶ߷磬õ
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ΧڲŻӥüôĳ֣ԭǺǸоԹ
ʿȻ槼ĵܵܣʲô˶ЩĪһСӣô泶Ϲϵأ
Ȼ⣬һǿԿ϶ģһǰˣϴ鷳ˡ
槼ո˵ǻʵҲǹ˵ɽģᣬǣԺ󳤵۾ҪƵ鷳
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лͷ
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ϣ˴Ҵһ£Ƕ֪λ棬Ķŭˡ
槼ûٴӥüתţ˹ȥո˭ڱ

ȺУţþɸһڵ϶Ҷһ£Աߵţͷ󺹣ݡ
˭ڱûл槼ظһ飬䣬ȻǶɱ

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槼ɱ⣬˭ţ峤
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Ӳңӻţͷɽ֮󣬱ضϼӹ̣ܽ鷢Ϭţߵף涼ˣ˵ô
槼΢΢ףһ㽫칭ϵľӡĨ
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£ݵļž֮󣬿յϵսٶȴ죬ֻһЩ󱲣һЩǰ˶׷վս槼ǰһ

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壿
ԣüͷһ壬ƵĶԹͷͣӥüҲ׿ڴӦ鷳ôִˣһɽϣҲ̫Ѻ˰ɣ
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ԣʱعȡһӨ͸ƿι£ԻָѪơ
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ʱ۾ƲһߣÿҩûãҵϢһ±á
ʲôʱˣ㻹ǺʥҩѪѵһܸ¶ôԣȴЩ
ȻƵ˼ˣڸӵĹȻ槼ǿѹȥ޴йѪʢﻹҳԻָѪҩǲǻϽô
ֻȫƣȥʲô
Ĺĵ˹ץƵ̽һ£˹ڵѪķڣʢﻹܾѪĴݲУǻһըˣ
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ѪʢⵤҩѪˣǺãˣҲûٹ˼ɣſͣ㽫ǿŵҩŽ
£Ѫˮ£Ƶ죬ȫ˹߻ҩãһɱӸдɢ֫ٺһˮƸ֮¡


344 ʥã
궯Ѫڱٵģһ̵ţͬٶ޸
ãƵüͷչɫȴǲ԰ֽϵѾûʲô󰭣ǣ㵤ѪˣѪǼصģʧ˲Ѫ֮ǰѪʢֻʢһģҲоЩѣΡ
ֻҪอȶˣľûʲôˣĵѪڳЩѪҩܲõϼˣЩӵȻ͵ܣ˾ǡ
л˫ۣ
ȴһ£ļ䲻ȣʩ˵ллټټ
оƺһллЩһЦ
磬ˣȶֳղô£ôǴأ
Ҫ˵ԱںԼɣ£Ժʲ٣ǳȥɣҪ
ԣӣһۣҲ֪ڲǶʵʱ򣬡磬ҾԱͽҡ
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˵ոƿѪƵĴͷƿѪ͸ˣһΣ޸ڿѪЧ
Աϣź˳ȥ˳ֽҲϡ

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һϻһ˿£ոһսʵյһսҶսԶԶҡ
ħбףôȻֱʧرߣҪֶУղƬ̣ҿ϶ھѾʬǲˡ
槼ʱϵҲǸţСӵϣһʱζܲȥģţϣǸжԩ
Ĺ٣ԲͬˣƷиеͣӲ׻໥ײɶ˺ġ
ЩѲ˹̽ԣ˵Ҳѣոʩչ𣬽ĺ˲٣ʱָ֮ǿ飬Ʊ㳢Žھ֮еĴָ֮УȫɵĽ
ȻӿָѸٱ㽫ָ񹬳ģУƷʥתγһССУǷӣȻǷ׷ӿȥԼٶȣƷʥٵɡ
ʥЩƼһĻ̲סЩ㵣յٶȣֱ÷ˡ
֮ǰƵôӿ룬ָܲסܻԣֻССɵԸðűΣգõĹҲԸôӿָϾһ˵ָɷˣ֮˸ɴࡣ
ƽŸҽĲָʱŷ֣еʥ紫˵еһϢ֮Ͱѳָеˡ
Ѹٱʥʥһʵĺһһ˿˿߲ʵĺѾļ׵ĺأҲʼ

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Ȼôǿı£һϲ˿ҲòԼĵˣֱӽĺһһָʥ


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ƽھеһ˿ָֹ㱻ʥգΪ߲ʺѱҫŨŨ߲ʹ⻪ӵҲ˲١
ؼǣƷ֣ƷʥѾѿ˵ڰƷҶȻֻǸСѿǣʵʵĳڰƷˣҪɣҲʱ¡
ø
һʻ㣬ʥѿڰƷҶһûаװ
ʱеȴĵתΪϧ֪ʥôĹܣոŮϣӦóһһʥǰ˸ɣ˵ʥ׵ڰƷˡ
ģƸоԼƺҵʥľѷ
ֻ˹Ϊʵ̫ҲΪʥ͵˵ĹȴǺħ졣
ɽϴĵȷú㣬ܽħͨ͸һǾף
ϧǣڵľ̫ˣҪԽֱ̫죬ѾļޣΨһģĽ뷨ȵһȻˮɡ
ڵȥȻˣȴѾͨƽת˼죬ȴЧ
˫ۣµѪ˹οƿǣһǺ˵ζ̼ƵıĤ̲סڱǡ
ⶫܲѪѪҪʱνҩڲҲ˲ζǺˣֱӵ˼ͷϡ
˵Ҳ֣ƱΪѪζ֣ζҲӦòզأȻڣŷ֣ζǼζζƺ˲תΪζһԵĿǻһů˳ĺµУɸɢ֫ٺ
Ȫ֮Уѿһ㣬ƮƮģƮ˰գÿһë׶򿪣һȵھߣѪ֮ľٵ޸ñ֮ǰӼͣӿ
ʱƵϣɣһĺˮԭ԰׵ҲָһЩѪɫ

峿ĵһսɴ׸ɾ·ƿţԺУ˸һ½ǣң컹˵ôأҵһҹ֮䣬ϵƾȻͺ˸߰˰ˣν档
ʵֻҪ˺ˣڲӵ⣬ƣ˵㲻ʲôʥҩɲ˵
磬㣿
ųվԺǣЩסˣΪԼΣϾ˵ôأʱ˿˵ľûˣһȴûһعⷵһʵڳϡ
ôˣƻͷźȥһЦ
ûˣƱȥһϻŨŨĵǡ
㿴µô˫һչЦ
ЦݲǿᣬһӾײƵĻˣһΪ
ƻһںļģӵһΧͥӢԺһƬţΨ΢΢ĳ
ð죬޹ˣȴƵĻˡ


345 Ǹ̥
޹û·ʪ͸ˣƵ
ԣȴƻﹰ˹̰ƻָоƼĺΡ
Һòʱ򣡡
ǣͥԺߴһһʱƻﵯͷԿȥվԺӵſڡ
㣡滨ˮϣ˽ߣ˼˸к
ȴЦЦĿˣĿһĻòģȴЩ
չ£ʵȴҪ֮ǰ˲٣ϾûʥҩҲ˺õô졣
Щûһ˵ţһ˹Ŀƶһ£ӣǰ׵ˡ
Щ΢΢ķᣬԱߺȴߺ̧ͷ
ƺգҪлչҩҲôָ
ҡҡͷҲ湻ˣҲ㲻ҪЩ˾ôôӥأݱȺս
ƿЦһ£ҿɴûǾӥüԼҪ鷳ܲվɱɣ˵һսӥüҲûֵʲôô
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ﶼˣѵ﷨ּɴ۾ʵӥüϣӥü˵ʮֵʹޡ
ҡҡͷԼ棬ǲû档
ԣѾ֪е˼֮ǰԬɽѾѹʶˣӥüȻԶ֣Ϊ峤Ҽɱ֣Ƿַӵ£
ӥüرԸҲ֮ǰĳޣϳ˸Ƽҿ϶ӥüô
ĺˣʵ
ƻع˵ͷûдˡ
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ֱģζ˱ǣģжĶ˼֡
Ƭ̣ſƵ֣ЩȺͲĿƣ㻹湻̬ģһϾͻָˡ
Ƽʱ򣬷̫ࡢ̫ӵĹЩžŰƵҩȻָܻƵˣǶЩֵĹȴû˿ôġ
ڽôֹ㲻Ҳû°صʱڣһҹ֮ͽ鷳ˣܸоƵĹƺջ˲١
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Ƶ˵ͷߣ緹ȥ
ˣи˸㡣ҪߣȴƺʲôӴָȡһ
칭
ƲĿźŵĺţǹţƵʱõǰѱ
ȻһЦţϽģǼһڱʩֻǻá
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칭ʱҪ빭ңϵķˣ칭˹һ˵ţһ߿翪칭ҡ
һ£תһ׻ɬӣһںָתΧٻۣѸٵڹ֮ᣬ֮ʱһ۵ĳѾ˺֮ϡ
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ϴɬں˵ﲻڼֵ칭ƸƶĹġ


嶥
սûȥ᣿̶ԱߣԶԶĿŰʤѩ槼
槼΢΢ף֣Ǽһ棬Ѿ㹻Ϊ棬λ߸ϣô𽵹Щ֪˶ٱˣ
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Ƶ˵ͷ֪սʲô£
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ħ֣Ϲȴħħ֣槼üͷһļʶȻ˵ħġ
΢΢ףҲûʲôģ˵槼Ҳܲó
ǿǽô˴ħ槼ϴʮֵĽ
ʲôħħ֮ƣϣƵ
槼ҡҡͷҲħƫ棬ħʿ˵ħȻЧ죬ǣų̨֮Σǰٶٿ죬ԽԽΣգǧ֮ʼ£羳ǿабһգ֪֮׺߽ݾ£ĥܲ󿳲񹦣


346 ħ
槼˵һƺյҲǱƼˣǴ˷ǣҲǲԲʹħ
ħ֡ħһǿȡĹʵ̫ԺûãСʧҡ槼
С̣ܽ
ƵͷģǼ֮һֻҪرģ㲻ʧЩ֮ͽǵĹҲΪѣΣգ˭˵Լʹħ
槼׷ƽ̨վ߰ɣȥħ鷳ˡ
ڣһ㶡
ô㻹ȥô槼ʵ
ǣֻЩͻȻæҡͷѾüˣ槼˵Ҫ֮ٴȥħЩŮϴˣ槼ͻȻ˵ҪȥħȷʵЩ⡣
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槼ƮƵߣ׵ĳһɨʱоǰһڣһĪΧѾһƬڰ


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һڣ绹ڽʾ֭ҪǵȻȴûʲôʵԵЧĵӡüͷšһš
ӣȽ⿪ӡͷųһ˸ַҪ룬ȴָ޼£ǵˣԽԽ׳ƹ֮㣬˦˦
統ǺڵҪվͲд󣬽ҶǵûԼһ鷳ôһڣпǼΪģѾħ񾳽żͻħʱض׽٣ңʱɽʧܡ
ʧܾζ䣡
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ôãɲǸʼٸ߱ץνձ·ӡģҪš
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ˣ
ԣͫħħӰħǵĵطνħǣħطħÿһλӶԼħǣ̺ǵһ˿֮;һΪµӣһ棬µħҲӦ
ħˣǾζţɳȥˣѾˣ
ʲôʱģ
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ǿλħɰΪȷһʧǰȥǵģֵ䣬½ϱ˵񣬾ҲٳߣԺ˵ӵʵֶΣ֮£ڴ½ϺУȻȴǵħˣǸǿߣ
ҡҡͷҲǲ֪
֪ĵأ
ŭȻħʲôʱĶֱ֪д
޷ϵͬҲ֪λʦֵħʲôʱģҲǼλʦδ飬ղһ£λʦֵħ飬ѾѶʱˡ
ħʢŵħǣҪĿΪ˿µӣиֵħǸӵҪʢȻûʸȥģħʸħ˺٣ΪħҲֻżѪ鿴һΣ³ζ˶ħɸ֣ûϵǾȻȥ޻أȻû뵽ǽȥܲζ˵
ڲܲζ˵ħѾ˶ãǾͲ֪ˣΪѾǵжûȥٲܲζ뿪ħ󣬽컹һѾ¡
ȭͷȭ֮ϣȻ˿˿ڲƣüͷһɿȭͷǵǱӡĵ֣ȷǿ󣬿ϧΪá
ҵȥһĹˡΣüͷչĵһ䡣
ʦ㣿һ㶡
ֹ̧̧֣סĻͷҵҪƵǺηʥʲôɱħĵӡ
λħɣħ˵ҲǲСʧؼǣҶڵҪҵпܽɱȥҲģΨһˡ
ΪħɺڵǿߣţԼ٣Ĺ¸㳲ҲûκΣȻͬħɾ磬ǣħɺȴҪħɳڡħǿܶܶࡣ
ʦҪõǰȥɣ
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һۣ׹ǵǰԳΣһݾİŮӡ
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￴Ǹ֣ôʣŮӣѾ̤񾳡
ǣ
ͻߣ쳣Ľͷ
槼
촽槼ֻǵԼ֣ͺǰǴ㣬ֻҪһ֣˶ʶ
ͫȵЩ˵
ԭ
ݵľ֮ϻָ򾲣ȴȻǾ죬˵֮槼ع飬רŴڴ½Ҷȥ𿴿ֻм˲ӣزˣʱλȻħˣΪ
槼ϹŴΪ֮ʵǵǷ켫ħѾħһλϹŴʲôͼĻǶħ˵һ֮֡
˺ħ壬ħҲͬǺµĶǿʳǿ߲档
˭ˣ槼ĿϵɨħƺҲǰ˵ʵǿЩ
˵ħ֮񣬰ݼ槼һ񣬡λǼʦ磡
磬ݼҲϽ񣬲˿ĵȻҲһǧٶ꣬槼ǰͺһӤûʲô𣬡֪Ϊˣ


347 ʮ֮Լ
Ĵתת˳һλѻһ׮Թ槼Ȼ
Ŷ֪ǣɻ
槼һչһӰµµĹ˳槼ߡ
Щͷۻո槼Ҳ֪صʲôطһƬڣ첻Ӧеصز飬槼ûӦɰùǺûйãӼա
槼ֶΣЩֱ̫ˣ
ϵĻҳЩǱվ槼ߣǰȥŷΧ䣬ǰվˣֵĿ⿴Լ
ս㣬Ķˣƶ徳磬϶Ǹ֣槼ǶţЩŪ״æ槼ʵ
ûߴطĻӦþħɣ槼
ħԣһ
֮ǰɽⲻƬ̵Ĺôħˣ
Ҫ֪ħɽ˵Ҳ֮ңҪȫҲʮµģ槼ȻƬ̱槼ʵô
̫ǿˣ
Щ˵
ħĻǰˣ϶ħˣǣ뵽槼ߣİħΣԼ߿λŵġ
λǣ
翴ƣԿ϶ǰˣ񶼲ʶ槼˵ҪԹö˵϶йأֻǲ֪ʲôݣֺħʲôԹ
Լ˵ɣ槼תƵ
ԣӲͷƤ˸񣬡ƣ
ƣƣԣһʱûӦǺܿ;һƣ
ĹƣҲʵ
¡
Ȼ֪ݣĸо˲䣬˾ѾԼĵ⡣
˲ʱһڣҪȥȴȴԼˣԭԼӰһӣֺԼħɾӵƣǰ֮ˣ⸱ģ
ǹ˼Աߵ槼Ͷֽˡ
ʲô˼ѹеĻ槼ʵ
槼ԣ֮ĶԹҲҶ˵˭˭Ҳ׷ħ߸ϡӴ󣬺αһСΪѣҴ뻯֮ĶԹ
ԣĶ˶ɫ槼Ȼƽʵȴв
ԣδЩǿѡ
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ΪԬʵѾɺڣԬȻ峤ǰȴǰʼԬս֮λʱ䣬ԳΨһһλͣڵʮһĸ֡
ԬɵһĻŵģ֪Ԭ᲻ǽȥȻ峤ս⣬峤ƣ峤Ծ˭ǣյľȨսϡ
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356 ֱ߲㣡
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ǶʮʦڵĺȫǺη֪ƣʱݴͣǶȥʱȻҲЩԻһӶץ˵ЩĹƻԽԽҡ


357 ϵڰ˲㣡
ȥɲǰ취
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˵֮ⶨΪ޷ͨڰ˲ģϾͨڰ˲ʹﵽںˣԬԼҲںڶѣܴڰ˲㡣


358 һսʮ
սУһһѣѵĿɲһǰ㣬ǳɼαӣڵ߲ͺķôʱ䣬ڰ˲ζȥˡ
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ڰ˲жôǿԬɿģڰ˲ʱҲǷΣŰñˣòſɹġ
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ܲͨڰ˲㣬ÿƵ컯ڣԬҲ˵ϾƵľȶڣҪͨڰ˲㣬ѶҲǷǳģҪԵģʮͬĸ֡
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ڣǰȺǿĶ֣ɽУܲɱһ㣬ƴһƴ֪
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ǰڵ߲ʱԹʩչħ֣ɺϵеǣЩûбɱϵͨûʲô÷˼ȥֻսʤǣɱǣϵŻԶݻ൱
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ֻ壬ڼĺӣǵƻ֣ѹӴѹ˷ڵĺѹֵۣܿȥ


359 ںڣ
ѹֻޱȳӯս۷塣
ʣЩȫȻûΪͷУƷԽıŰԽԽ͡
ҵӦķƱ㲻񷽲ǰֻ֪ӱܣڶܵͬʱҲżչðɢͣԿɽûɱС
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ʮڼҪƵűеǿѹ֮£һѹѹƵڣƴڴڵĴŴǿ޴йѾĿƣָо治ܡ
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䣡
Ҳѹʧһ̣Ƹ飬ڷ·һĤͱƣ˲ʵںڣָ񹬱ʹʮ࣬Ҳ࣬ԣȻɳ˾ɸߣޱȵĿϡ
ߵѸٵƽڵأתں嫵ĺ߼죬»УĵͻƵľ硣

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Ȼ֪ˣȥʶһҲá

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үүǷʮˡԬȻЦ
Ԭԣ˶ӣС󣡡
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ֵ϶ֵԬɽһԴǻˣ鵤ǻɽĶŵҩҩƶɣһŵҩЧɵʮ
Ԭɽô˵ˣе˼֣ȻԬǶԬɽǺŵģȻԬɽ˵ֵǾͿ϶ֵһƿҩ߿ţԬɽ㷨Ѿֵܵùʮˡ
ڵҩ̫ȤԬɶҲֻǴζһ¿ڸ֮ԬɼȻõҩ֣ҲüΪԬɣϾԬǰЦҲиȡ
ҩ̧ͷ˿ھŲ㣬үүôǶһٸܹ˵ھŲ㣬Ұѵҩ㣬ٰҲ㣡
ң
Ԭ˺Ļһ˵ʲôջǱ˻ȥھŲʮģƿ϶ȥ
Դ֮ԬɱоԼʱԽԽãûһռ˵ģźͺҲˣƹ˵ڰ˲㣬СƫƫôӵĹȥˣںֺܹھŲ㣬Ȼﲻܴȥǣǵ̫һƹȥˣ飿ȥǲЩ
ԬģȻǲҺԼˣϴЦݡ
ৣ
ʱսŲŵȻһӰ˲ʯŴģײײ
磡
Ͻ˹ȥ˷סǳ֮ˣơ
Ԭɼˣ̲סƤ鴤һ£֪ͺͺˣһﵹǻʱ滳Сһǲõġ

ƣϻһ˿£ϵھŲѣȥ֪Ѷȼֱ
ھŲ֮ϣعصѾﵽʮֻһɫںǿߣлһͷѾɾĴ֣ս֣ƾǱͷһᣬͦʮУƱ㰤סˣֻѡ
սȻټһȡʤļʺãսѹ£ͷ֣ͲܹսʤģǿȥܲϾŸͻںڣвȶһ䣬ȴǵòʧ
һδϵھŲ㣬͹˳ﵽںڣ˵ĿѾﵽˣ֪ӣǿ
磬û°ɣƣĵʵ
û£
վֱΣҵ·Ŀںɨһ£ڼˣ
˵㣬ڵ߲ʱ򱻴ˣ磬Ȼ˵ھŲ㣡˳˵ţҲƼ䡣
˵㣬Ҳǽˣϸ˿ƹȻ֮ǰǿ˲٣ĿɨԬɽҲ൱ﵽڳڣȻһҶջ񣬲ջĻƣ˹أʵҲڳڣ˳ںڣ뾳ƽ


360 
ôҾúˣ˹ȥż˹˹֡
˵Ŀⶼϣ治֪һô飬Ԭɽ䣬Ϊ̤ھ֮֮ĲͻСһЩۼƴ֮󣬲֪Ǻ֮Ĳж
߲㶼ˣȴѾϵھŲˣȻֻĲ࣬˶֪Ĳʲôȫ֮֮
治֪ôģһʿǶǺϵģһֻĸǣǱ˵ǲԶƫƫһʲôˣȴ׿Խ֮Ī
ʮ궼ѾﵽںˣҪǴȥ֪᲻ţ
ܱŲţǽۼʶˣԬʱҲǿƲͣĵͷƣոѾԬɵϸܹú濴۵ˣضǵ֮
ոһ̣ԬЩڴܹھŲ㣬ԸΥЩССʧ
СѾܴϵھŲ㣬츳ֻЩϹŷˣ峤ȻӦǽΣȻһΣʲôʱϵŷӭԬǰƹ˹֡
лǰ
ҲһѾﵽںڣɿԬľ磬и϶߶ΪǰˣʵԳ
ԬֻЦЦҲ˵һսźܿգֻսһ·ƣৣһϢ֮䣬ʮһƬ̹ٶϨ

ƺͺǵһμһ£Ǿȵ˵߸ովԬɵԱߣûô˵ȴûϵôһͨߣȻôǿʵ
һʮһ¥Ѿ
ʮһ¥ǾɺڵĴڣٹ˵ʮɳɾҲ˵һλɺڵĳ֡
ʮûҲ˵Ԭͣ˵ʮһ¥ӦǱޣûдʮİա
ԬɿһĻȴ˾ռһ㣬û˿ľȣĿϣǾȵģ̲ס¶һ˿΢ЦСӇNɪڿ϶ܴ̼ˡ
ƺ˲أԬĵ
ʲôʱܴﵽǸ߶Ȱ
˵жǵţĿڸոհĵʮһ㣬ϣ㽡
´Ҷܴ
ƽȭͷĿϾþͣ˼ᶨոԬһ·ȷ˲Сĳǣ֪һ㣬Ԭʵٲ˾µĻ۵ģֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬һսԼ޷
߰Сӣ
Ԭɱ˫֣üȻƶˬȴǶʮ͵ģһ㣬ܲϡ
˶ͷŵսԬ뿪ɽȡ

һɽѺôռˣ֮ǰӦΣѾһΣһΣһ˰ɣ
һǰɽߣԬһ߶ƶ˱Թš
ǰŸճôǽִأʣһλᣬŰɣƵͷǻˣҪڶδҲڣȥ˵ô̵
ãһ죿죿һꣿһӣԬɷʵ
ʼ磬ÿʲôʱòϣȻҺǰ赣ˡ
Ԭɴ˴ӣȻҲһɽˣһ͸Ͻʰɡ
ǰνԶǿͣûĴ֮Ǹմгϲȹֻ̣ݽ󱦵ؼգһ¾߲١ƺƤ
Ԭɷ˸ۣ˼ùǣȹ˾͸Ͻ뿪Ժû¾ʡҿǰۡ
ǣ
һЦͷȻʱ˵֪Ԭɾǵ춹ģСŶЩ⣬ʵͦõġ


գƶ﹮̾磬Ҳˣһս˶вСջóȴܽеõĺôΪá
һֱڻɽʮգƽȫںڣûеΣ֮ųأϺʰԬɵһһС
Ȼ֪ȥԬڴùͷ϶ʲôɫǱҪڻҪеģϾҲڻɽ߶ӡ
ֻǣƵǣԬȴһ̬Цݿ䣬һԸС
磬㲻úүүЩôɽ·ϣ˻ͷܼԬվһɽϣǻ𣬸ЩĪӦ
ǵˣܲôƿЦһ£ԬǵС˼ܲôͰͲ뿪ɽˡ
ԣһҲ΢΢ĳ鴤һ£ԭô£ϺͻȻķ֣תأԭǴô⡣
дԽԽѾɽˣϺӵĺӸμ

·ȥ·ȴʮֵ˳ɽתһȦ֪ܶƵ֣֪槼ϵУԾʲôܵĵ̣Ҳû˺ƽϡ
ңҲõħ鷳ʵִͣͣһɡ
գ˕Dȣصĵؽ硣
磬㲻ڴôһͬȥ
̩ɽ£·̩ɽ֮ʱ˵Ļ̲ס˳Ժ˵ʵڲôͻȥȥζҪƷֿˣǺƷֿǿɾͲ֪´μʲôʱˡ
ԣһ·ϣ뷽跨г̣һ㣬Ȼǿóãֻһֱûеơ
˺Ļԥһ£ҲãԶԶãͲҪկȥˡ
ϾγѾܾˣͨկᱻҶҪг̣
Ƕû˼ԣһӾ;
Ȼ㲻ͬ⣬Ҳȥˣֱӵ
ǺºҶǼ棬ֻǲȥǵϾ뿪ͨկʱ򣬿óҶǶ˼ģֻʱȥ嵭һУҶײֵþ鸴ȼ
ȴǲ֪ƵЩ˼ɣһƲԸȥϽƵ˫ۣðɣģǾԶԶ
߰ɣ
ܲסƴһӣؽȥ

ôһ֪˳ʲôأ磬˲᳤öӰɣöĵģ
·ϣƵĶ߶ţƵĿ˵ͨկҲ֪ͨկʿΪ壬ȻǶص˺档
ֻǽһˣô᳤ӣҡҡͷõһֵ֣︡ĶЩªĵĳģ


361 Ůӣ
棬˵ٶȣûñ㵽ͨɽɫѾǹһʱ̱ڣҲûнկӵĴ㣬ֻվɽһ±ϣԶԶĿ·ͨկ
ûǾͨկˣָ·Ĵ䣬˵Ѵʱͨկľ
ýζƵһж˺棬ƽ꣬磬Ĳȥô
ԥһ£ȥˣһǾͻƽȥƽǽްɡ
ԣȻкȥƲͬ⣬Ҳûа취
ƺȥģϾҷֿҲôˣǣ֮ǰ˵Ĺ˼ɣ¼Ҷѿ
ͨկвٸֵģҲˣ±ֲãʶǿԽկе
Լʶ˶ȻƱ㻽˺һ׼뿪ˡ
ȻʱȴͻȻͣ˽Ų
ô磿ûϣͷһȴɽ£֪ڿʲô
ư˰֣ʾո֮ԺȻͣ£Ϊʶɨͨկʱ򣬿ҶŸʳУĵĳţεģЩ
Ҫȥ˭ͷЩɻ
ʶҶկ֮󣬱ɽȥȥĵطԶͨկƾסǼСݡ
ʶɨǼСݣƵüͷһӾš

δҶѾ˳湤ڣƺò˶ñܽ׳ʦ磬ҲԽƯ
ʳУɽѾЩľǰҶҿ˿ûˣĵ߽˰ɽľݡ
㣬ôҸͳԵˡվǰҶĻһ
ﾲĵģƬ̺󣬺Ȼ֨һĴ򿪡
ҶһϲʳУż߽
͵Ծĵƻ֮£ԼԿһˣŵƹԽԽϵҲԳò
һŮӣʮ£ڵĳԺ¶һ޵ɢһֱ˵ƣ˲ҿ
㣬˺Щô
ҶԹԵĽʳеķȡ˳һ߶ŮѯţŮӣǰɽϼģʱŮȻˣҶ˻йϴμƵľ飬ҶҲûбشȥֱӽɽľݣľҲû±˷֡
Ů³һƳ۾Ѿûʲô󰭣лˣá
չֶˡ
˵ﻰҶҡҡͷѾã㣬ȳ˰ɡ
ŮӵȻһЦߵǰãҿкЩףͨկġ
Ҷԣһ£֪ʲôһŶŮӵףµģϲԾܷģֻҪ˾С
磿֪Ǻηˣ
Ůһ㶣ײ٣Щ˾Ž׵ļʶȻûһģ϶ǳͬһ˵ֱʣ˵ľ϶ͣΪܿףûһԭףԭףЩ״ܴﵽ硣
ҶԶ˶٣һŵҵһѣһҲѲկӵģҲסľЩ׶ʱдµģկħΪ޲ߣ֣Žħȥկдġ
ŮԣҲǶҶЩ棬ܱҶΪֳ϶󣬶ܽͨկڳ϶˵鷳ʵҲ϶ͣҪ֪ͨկﵽھģкüء
Ӧһλ֣
ĿҶϣΨҶһȻŮƺʲôãĪǶλ⣿
ò˵Ů۹һ۾ͿҶ£ҶˣգƬָֻȻΣֻϧ仨⣬ˮ飬ʼջ뿪ˡ
д
Ůԣӣһ仰ȴǾҶһ¡
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Ҹ߽㣬ɵĵӣ㶨ץ˿ˣҵҪʲôˣȻҶ顣Ůֱӵȴǲɢһ˿ɷ˲
ǵģǸˡҶæ
ȻǺˣǾͲ÷õ⡱Ůӵ
ҶĬת⣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ŮҲûٶԣ극ˣãָˣͲȥˣģýù
ϢɣٸͷҶЦһ£ʰ꣬ʳУת˳ȥ

˭
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ող˵ңҺùô
Ҳšüͷǰ֮ˣСԿŮɷȻڣд󴫳дڣϵϢħʮơ
ħʿȻͨկˣҶôƲòľģոһֱʶ̽ˣֱҶ뿪֮ѡΣвҶͨկİΣ
Ůԣһ£ͫһ¶ȣĪǸĺ
ʲôĺŮδ̫СˣԼɴδŵҶʲôôĪĸԼһĺͷأ
˭
ûŮӵĻǺŮӵݡ
˭޹أҳһ˵Ůӻ˵ȻͻȻƷѣһ˦߳ʱʣĽֱؿڴȥ
üͷһ壬и϶Ůħʿɷ֮ڣֱ󣬲ŮʵզأѸĶָ̽㽫Ǳڶָ֮䣬޷д
Сĵ
һȻԼֱЦƶָһǱʱΪأ۵һڵϡ
ߣ
ŮӼ۶ϣһԾһƺȥ
ƽŲŲһŮǰֱϣŮһؿڡ
ˣ
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һ̽̾ץסŮӵ
ߣ
ŮһҪӣȴκ־̫󣬸޷ѡ

ħ֣
סŮӣһȴŮӵϺȻһںڲѣʮϤħ
ҲᣬȻƽķת㽫ڷڵĺƽϢŮԿȻ


362 ľ飡
ħˣ
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Щʶ֪ħ֮ſңŮӶƺȵȴںƵݣ֪ħ֪ħħϾȻһöûУƾʵǰӾͲ֮
ߣһħĶԹˣΪλݣ
ŮԣȴǴһ£Цҵģʲô㣿

һͣȷԼģȴЩˡ
˵ʲô֣ͨկкξģƽǰŮӣȻޣȴħ壬ҲΪħĶԹħ֮ʮС
ŮĿƣȴ˿Ƶƣһ˫ӾȻжΪ֮һ¡
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ŮԣȴЦһ´Ƭ̣ΪʲôҪ㡣
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ˣֱץŮӵ֣תֳһֱ֮ŮӵС
ʲô
ںȻһֺŮӶʱ󾪣ʩչħ֣뽫ǺϸãǺһƥֵҰڵҴܣȫʹ
֮ˣʹ飬ڱףǣͷϱѾܲ亹ǿҲ۵ֱۡ
˵ǲ˵
ȫް֮ģץŮӵֱۣûʹĻһʹһЩ
˵ţƷֳһ˿ٹ֮׼Ůӵڣȴǵǰħʱģٹ̶ħ̫ϳ϶޷ħĺˡ
˵
ʵʹ̣ʹѾܳܵŮҧ˰죬³
ԣһ˿ȣץסŮӵ󣬽Ůڵٹ֮˳˳ƽ⿪Ѩ
˵ɡһ˦֣ƾӸµʵ
ŮԣصĴ˼ڴҽľ飬ħˡ
ԣϳɻ󣬡㲻ħˣλħ֣
ϢƬ̣ŮӻЩηĿһۣһЦ¼ѵֻħħô
ٸҴۣħħףħһƪ֮£ΨħеӷŻף㲻ħӣħʵǺ£ȻŮӵĻŮӵֶġ
ľԣѧ׵ķ֮Ҳħĵӣħκһ¡
ˣüͷšһɣһ¸ոյζô
ң
ľԣЩ壬ֺһСĵķơ
кβңɱ㣬õڶСƵ
ľɫֱ䣬תתŲţҵȷħµӣҿԶ䷢ġ

ľ⻰һȷʵЩ׼ˣ䷢ģԳ˵ֻһջǶʿ˵ȴǴɣΪ֮ʱ٣ڤڤǣһЩҲʱӦ飬йģԣߺٻ䷢ģһв
ľȻҶ䷢ģ˵ĻˣĲħĵӣǣħĵӣλʹħأ
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ǣǲСЦһɷҲʲô֮ɱˣһ˰ˡ
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ľһͣƻдɱȴûɱ⣬ǻʱǻһĨЦ⣬ұħ׷ɱˣͨɽҺãҴ˻Ҿңô򵥡
һĻʵ
ˣŲ££øҽ˵Ҳͬ·ˣͨɽþҲħԹ˵ôľЦЦĵ
ħкԩ֮ʲôϵȻ׵Ů˵ĻֱŮ˲ʵ
Ҳ˵ľ
ӲҪ˵أľƽһ
ľüͷһšֻܸ㣬ҶҶûж⣬ͨկҲûж⡣
ǣħ֮˵ĻţЦһ£뿪ͨկҿԲΪ㡣
һħŮӳͨկƿûбľģħʿһһħʿֱһʱըƿɲôһըͨկ
㡭
ľԣȴŭЦߣҾ͵ô
ûѡ񣡡Ƶ쳣ı䡣
ǣľŭЦʵ߳࣬ȻңǿʲôӢۣ۸һŮ֮ʲôӺ
ȴЦˣֻ֪ħˣҲһϲħŮͨկвͨկİ
Ҳ˵û˼ļӺͨկˣҺΣ뿪һܻľпνǻðɣ˼ֱǲϧ֮ĶûУΪħ幦ɱѲħж޲ɣ
⻰ˣҸھͷ㡣˵ţ̧
㣡
ʱſڴһƱеԺ磬һɾ紫ʱţһƺߴƺ˵˳ȥ

ƻͷһȴҶżϡ
磿ǰ֮ˣҶϳ˲š
ոľ극ˣɽʱľһ춯еĲľ飬ַȴÿҪľ֣ʱƱΪǽʲôҪľ鲻̱͵ϮϵƵĻˡ
û°ɣ
æ˹ȥҶϸһҶֻǱ𵽣Ҷľֵֻ֮ͣЩ΢ˡ
磬㣿
Ҷȴûй˼Լƣֻ۾ȴֱĿƣΪԼΣôͻȻ
ң
Ƶ˵ͷҶģȴ뻹Ǽˡ
ð죬ҶŴӾлعдϲá
磬һΪ㲻ٻأû뵽㾹ȻĻˡ֮£ҶЩ״Σһƺ˸ղŵ£ɻľ鿴һۣ磬ôأһΪ
ֱĿľɨ֪ʲôˣ
ҶԶ˶٣Ǳ׷ɱģɽϣһ׹ּ䣬Ҿæȥһ̽ȻͿѪڵϣϴҲһҼˣһϢ㽫ˣֲҴկȥͰڴ˴


363 һӣ棡
Ҷĸƽ˾ľľ
˰ɣˣʱľĶƵ
ԣûдľ飬ǼҶ֪Ĺȥ
Ҷˣȴҡҡͷ磬İɣ㲻ǻˡ
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ҶҲͰˣƫƫǸɷħʿҶΪ˵ֻ¶Ǻˣƿɲͨկʲô
磬ĲǻˡҶЩǿţȻ֪ľ鵽ʲô·ǣЩľ鲢û˺һָǳ
Ҷڳȴǲöľˣԥһ£ߵľǰ
ƵľоһĪΣգܵıˣȴһָ缲ĵ˹
һֺӿڣľ󺧣ųܹʹ࣬£ѲɣĥԼ
Ʒֳһ֮ľ壬ľ̨ȥ֮һӡľüһָһӲӵƮѸٽǵ֮ӡľüĴ
ͷϣһɫǣľ޵ӣƽһ˿ޡ
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νҡҡͷûʲôֻЩȰͼ⿪ӡĻղŵʹ࣬Ӧ֪ġ
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ȴ֮£ܻģΨһˣ㲻ð׷ĻҸְ㻯⣬ħλ̫ϳҲС
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㵽ľҧݺݵĶơ
Ƶɷ̫أˣҲ֪ЩɷôģǣⲢǺ£ħаֻ޹޾磬;һħȻ㵱ѣҲǶмŽǸĲʲôʱܰϵɷˣʲôʱңҸ⿪ӡ
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ľԣȴһ£ЩŵĿƣʲô˼
ƵЩ׶ϴϵɷԣԾааڣȰ㵱ѣұһҷӡڵǵͻ֮ǰֻҪ㲻ȥͲкǣͻǰܽһɷôֻɽ֮»Ϊٻˡ
ľĬһ£ֽǻһ֪׵
һӣ棬Ǹú㣬Ǹøл㣿ҳļ̌ͷƣЩӡ
ӦãлͲˣҪллɣƵһ䣬ûٴתҶãأ
磬ҪôȻˣβգҶˡ
΢΢ףڵңټɡ
Ҷ죬ȴֲ֪˵ʲôơ
תľ飬˺ͨկ£ɱҲ㽫ɷ⣬ĹѰҰɡ
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磡
Ҷ׷⣬Ѿʧҹ֮УΡ
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īԼϮûйľţīľֻ߳࣬Ҫױܱܿ칭ĹǼϢ֮䣬Ѿǰɡ
˽룬Ѿʹ칭ĽҲûң칭ȡһ
һŻƳȳȵľᣬһʥּ㡣
ʥ顶ԯӸ
˺Ӷʥɵ֮ȡ˵漧ԯױ飬ޱߡ
ҳɣʹߣѸٽԯӸչŽ⣬͵Ľᷭī
ڤڤһ̫һӲӵ飬һգ̼һھ޴Ļӡ
ˣ
һ·Խռ䣬ԺĶ
ޱߵѹķɢȥī׵壬ˣϽӵȥһͱǿĳɨ˳ȥƮʮɲſͣѪӿѣอȻˡ
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ī۾һ޵Ҳ֮Ȼ֪֮ļֵʶıᣬȻֽǾīһʱЩ
Ҳīɲǣ󷽺ȻһҺīһæͷĿ֮Ȼŭ
Сã
īŭһҲ˲ץˣϽԮ
˪һƣ˵ڵأŻһѪȴûȫɥʧսƽæؿڴһӣǿڴֱײȥ
أ
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ʱīĸϵȫûֱ֣һƾƵĺ˹ȥۿ˪ϣīƺùȥ
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Ʋûܣ绪ƸϽвǹâҫ绪ɲǼûһƬĻס
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Ӵĳƺ˳ȥƽһƵ˪˪һƣսѾ˴룬ƵͻȻϮһӾͱƶס˲ӣɽܵĲϡ
ǰһҾͷء
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368 
ĸ棬İ˪ĲӣȻǻ˪ϵƤ˿һķ˪һҶֻīпɽٽһ֣Դ϶ʱҡ
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ī쳣䣬һһ٣ѹŭһʱȻ˸ӡ
ողȥץĻҲ˴ʧˣö֣Ҳʲô⣬ǣʱ˵ʲôˣЮ˪īò˼
ƳһҪҷǲԣұΪУҲ͹³ԹϾʹȥӦѰ鷳ұȥ
вǣ˪˿ѪƺƵЩˬ
Цϣ˵ķô
ȿ֣ʱ˪䲻ĵһ䡣
ˣԣֻ˪թ
˪ЦīҲһЦзֹСĽɽ֣īҲûг˻֣ǺϾĿ
̧һƵüͷһӾģһϡ

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īһЦСãܻҪ۵ġ
Ȼϲض˵գⶾ϶Ǹոո˪һʱմϵģȻûбԼȴ֪ʲôкδ֮
ī˶ֻöܽ⣬СãҰѽҩ㣬򣬲һʱ̣صѪҺڣ
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Сӣʲôī״ȵ
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СӣΪвõôīŭƴţǱŮӣӦö˵ҪɣСҪиʧұ

ԣҲŭΪī仰ƱԸԹǣ˿ȴǶɱ֮ݣɱ˾Ժ
οīȻúҪЮ˾ī˵ô໰ʱ䣬ȴԼ϶֪ϣսپĻһҪҲ϶ˡ
ȫһ˪ͷ­˽ûôΪīǸǿУ˪ǿֺɱ˪ػἤŭʱҪǵķϲٵֽţؼǣϵĶܲܵôá
һƽɽ˪Ĳȡ
㣡
һ˪ĺϣȻ˪ϲضѾ˲ЩˣѾ˶ֺαںڶΣ
ͻȻϮ˪ȫûеֱֿ֮һѪߵķݣīȥ
ī󾪣˪׹ܲʩԮ֣ڿն˪ץȥ
Ȼīոץס˪ʱȴҲץס˪֡
ʶһȥīȴȻ֣˪ϴһɹڵĹֹסĿк
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к˾񴥵һ
ħʩչ˼£Ƶľ籾ͬΪںڣ󣬱ħϣﻹѵĵ
ոһķ˪Ѿ϶īȥǸѵõĽᣬʱʩչħ֣ܽöһ򾡡
һɹɺ嫵Ĺͣ˳˪֣ӿȻ߲ܣʱֶ룬Ҳû˼ȥʥ̨ջڣӿڵĹֱָ̨úǰƷʥ
ʥҲûʧҶչЩֺһ̣һԶԲһںСķˡ
ûĸָеĹŰľȡһһĻƵڣкҲ֮
˱ǻ˼˵ˣȫһάഺʱܿԳ࣬ͷɺڱңɻұףƤҲѸٵ壬ֻƬ̣ʮ꣬˹쳡˼˵
ৣ
֧˹ȴǺԶԶ˽ֲ£еƵİΣī
īʱԹ˲Ͼֶ̧ѣȥӺ
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Ѫһĳֱӽŵ˺ɢĺѪӿ궯һҲǵͨ졣
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ħħ
̧֣īѪҪ˵ʲôһûȻϾһֱ࣬Ҳ˴룬֮ʱ;ƿݣҲ֮
̧֣Ȼȥīʹ䡣
磡
īϢϾ˪ʱһҲڲ࣬īȥ
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ʱƮȻվƵ࣬˪Ĳ״Ȼһ˿Ͳ̡
˪īƺڿֳڿˣ翴˾Ͳͨãʱһг֮ĸ顣
ʵΪףݣƳһҲ֪òÿǡ
ֿ̧˿ѾӵĶѾ֮ɫ
磬㣬жˣˣ󺧡
û˵ֻ˹Ҫѹƶԡ
ǺǺǣ˪§īʬһ߿ѪһЦţ벻öˣҲôһ죬Сӣ㣬㷽ǿ˹ж˶ΪӢšһȸоȽ棬ʶң漴ѪڣУں̱ʮָƣԴըãʬ޴档
ôĳԣոջЩʱȴֻŭ⣬ѽҩһ


369 ʣ
ҴˣһŻʲô˼
˪ԣЦЦȡһƿӣǽҩˡ
δ䣬˪һѾͽƿ飬ƿаɫĩ˲ƶ˴󾪣ҪѾֻĿƿнҩƮɢ
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˪ȴûѪ۾ƣСӣڻȪ·ϵ㣬ǧҪߵÿЩ
Ц˪ҧԾ
ƶûзֹӦ֮ʱ˪Ѿ
ι
ļ٣Ҫǰ鿴
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Ψһһƿҩ˪ˣ
˪ʱ־ôѽҩأҪǣһƿҩѾΪ˷ɻңȻѰˡ
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ϵɫѾɫת䣬Ƹоֶֻڷ̣֪ж²Ƭ̾ҪˣҸȫĵط취ѶƳС
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ԲʮôһɽɽҲͺܴеǸɽҪЩʶǸɽõʬǶˣϽƣɽȥ

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ڵأͼ˹ƶػڲֻ࣬ϺƺƤߣһҲ
ۣ
һںѪ˳۾ɫȥܲá
磬ôæʵ
ⶾ죬˹Ƴȴ϶Źȫ޷ֹҡҡͷ˵ʱѾʮֵϺȣҲʼЩ㱡
Ѿʼˣ
ǿǺãԣһʱ
ٶȱ۾ʥʥ˷֮һƬƬʹʥϵĲ֮УʱЩ
ҲЩѣʥȻ÷ǷҲֻӻԷѣ֧ŸһʱƬ̣Բ֮ܽ
ⶾνǰԵҲָ֮ץ޼ƿʩ¼䣬ֵϵ⣬ֿ˵һǵţҲֻͽκˣһҽҲֹסӡ
Ӣţ治֪ⶾʲô·ȻҲ޼ƿʩĺ˪ϣȻôĶҩνǸ
ƣ槼ҪȻָɾˡָ֮д
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ֵѣѾ֪ѾӦǰ״ˣֻ槼
̽˳Ŭһ˿ѣ죡
Ѫӿνһ⣬ʥŬҲԵֵǶԵӣ߶
֪ʹãæյעУųŨŨİ׹⡣
ҡ£׹ȥƲ֮ϣԼγһͷβ׺Ӱ񣬰׺һɢΣʲôûзһ㡣

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ҡƣżĹ򣬱㷢ɽˣһϮǱˣ槼
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槼һɽ㿴Ʊڻһͨ죬ˮע˫ĿգüͷҲ֪߽ʲô
жˣȾ槼ץסһݣѾǿ޳һˡ
ж
槼ԣ˹ȥƵӣ̽һ£üͷҲһӽԵôжģ
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֪޲ԣ֮ǰ槼һߣֵŮ˵ⶾСӢšһȽ棬ʶң漴ѪڣУں̱ʮ˱ʬ޴棬ͨһܾģЩȾɣ
ſǻǱƣѾǸ槼
ʲôĺĳӣ槼û˵ʲôӢţ槼ͬҲû˵ǣһ֮ǹ죬ڣѰ֮ƼԲ壬ɴ˿ȴȻҲԴ˶޼ƿʩˡ
槼ȻвٽⶾҩȴǴδóȻҩҩ֢»ǻϽ͡
ѵ񾳽槼޼ƿʩô槼üͷֵͷ˿Լ־ƣ̲סб룬ϸһ飬槼ƺ׽ʲôжʱһɣ˿
оô
槼ɫһɣʱȼһ˿ϣ
槼ϵĶȷ죬ȷе˵ⶾ㶾ȼƵ꼻һ֣ʱڼǱܣĹŴʮȼգѪڣҲڹʹΨбԴ˱ŰֶΣﵽɱ˵Ŀģǿó
н֮ʵ
ѶҩʯѾȣ槼ҡҡͷھͺһһ룬ըҶҰƶ
ǺãһҪȾ磡ۼԽԽ̣϶ð˰̣ȴһĺ䣬Ǻ޲Ƴеʹࡣ
槼˶٣ܾģֻˡ
ң
һ㶣Щԣ槼ڵǿ߶ⶾûа취ʲôӣзӣõ槼ô


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槼΢΢ף㸽
槼٣Ͻȥ槼˶٣ſںߣҲ֪˵Щʲô
ֻһ͸ƻ㣬ԽԽ졣
⣬ʹã
槼꣬ϴ߷ֵ⣬ϸӬ̧ͷ槼һۣԴ쵽˶
槼Ůˡ֮Чкʹãǣ㲻
ǡ
ôܲƣһ槼ô˵ʱͼˡ
槼ȴ˰֣һŮģҲҶˣܲɣ
⣡Խ
ҲĪĺôѾˣģǳŲ˶õģ룬㡣槼Ҳûж˵ϻֱɽ

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Ż̵ƣȫ֪룬Ÿո槼˵Ļһ죬Ƿӣ̫ѿЩ
ʱƵڿνǷĹȼգѪҺڣԳٶȱԭľܿģɲôĹڹھ֮ҴܣƵľôˡ
ָ֮иǲСĺأˣˮ٣ʱо̵ĿܣʥȻڿٵЩǵĺǣٶȻ࣬ôȥò˶ãƱػر٣ָըѣ
ƫƫƴ˿ʶ壬޷˹赼ЩĹʱһڱͣӳЩ赼һͻᱻըһ̯Ѫ⡣
ۣ
Ѫ壬ʶеƣȻһѪɪɪ߽ﶼûˡ
磡
һ۵þǱǧָһ֪ʱԥˣֻҪܹƣȥҲãʲô᲻õأ
Ҳһֱϲôˣٻˣ
ǵţһ̣ƺᵽ˪ǰһľ
槼ţҲ˻ᴳԥƽ˵ϡ
磬֮£ǵѣҲ˲ˣţһġ
ȥ۽ǵᣬһ˫ֱ֣ŵĽϵȥ¶Ǿ׳
ĿɨĳþҪѪ
ʱǺߵʱ򣬺ûͣ£Լϵ·ҲȥԳ覵Ľ
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ʱȴſƵϣ۵Ļֱһ룬ƾѸٵĻΪһ޴ټ룬˰˽ȥ
ɽ⣬槼ջʶǷһ˿ȡ


Ů˾ŮףΪŮƪŮƪУŮƪ֮ʱ涾ڹǣʶ赼Ψбһ;Ů֮ȴܰ赼ЩǵĹ
ʶ槼˵ǽƵĲţҲܴеõٵĺôҪƵõĺô
գɽԺ˹·룬ԱһŮڴϸһ槼
ˣ槼䲻
ƿЩ¶лս֮
Ĳҡ槼ҡҡͷ

һ㶣槼ߣ槼ģ˭
أȻƷɽûкӰ
ȥˡ槼ĵһ䣬ŵҲ鿴һڵĶûУ

ˣһţ£Լ˪涾ģڵأӲ鿴
ⲻ֪һһȻûָȴ࣬ʶһԻ͵񹬣Ǻأ֮ǰ߲ʺޱȺ嫣֮ǰ˲١
Ǳؿ٣˵֮ǰһСӣѾܱΪˣʣϰ
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Ŀ槼ϣɻ
槼Ҫ̫磬ȻǸоǣ֮ǰеĶȼϵڹнԪģڵܻãҲ֪
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һĺ֮ĺ˪Ǿ֮ͨ˹ĳʹ㣬ϵĶȻҲԵȻԼȼˣֶεǴ
Ҫͱɱ䣬ԽߣԽǿʱԽ
֮ľ㹦ٸߣҲǻ췦Ψһ;νԪ֮˵ӢšƵȼմȻûʲô촦ǣѾͿգܻã槼ҲԤϡ
槼Ѿûа취㣬ֻԾȣͻƵɾ磬ĵֻںȫȻͬĲΣúڻۣϣ٣ܳɾɴڵ˸ﲻ㣬ûϲʱȥ򣬶˵ͻɲ£ǣܼܲʱͻƣȴÿ컯
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槼εҡҡͷֶ޼ֲĵرûУǶ쳣ټһ仰˵Ǿǿ󣬵ҵù̫裬ǶɲֻϧѱˣƬ½ѾϹ֮ʱŵر͸ټˡ
˶٣槼ŵر⣬һӣǾ
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槼΢΢ףⷨӣţϹʱҲвٸض׺δȥѰҲ֪־㣬ذɣ
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371 ̯ϴˣ
ֻϧ⾭٣ػ񻹵ÿţܰƵĵط٣Ҳִ࣬ӶʥдǾû뵽Сµֵģֵ֪ݣҲޱȵꡣ

槼Ҳһ£ӡ̫ʱ䣬Ժ֮¶֪֮飬һ־ûп¼н⡣
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лսָ㡣һ˲䣬ԵЩį
˵ˣ˲ңòлңңڵҲȫãܻܲȥÿ컯槼
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յ׷ʲôԴȴһ䶼Ѱء
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槼һپ֮ǰٿԱȫ
ƳĬƬ̣ҡͷл⣬һǻǿɡ
槼ҲȰֻ˵ͷһԸΪѰѰԻѰ㣬㲻Ҫ̫ϣѰ취С
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ֻǣɾôóɾ͵ôɣ뷲бɾɣǿȻԲ¶Ҫʱ䣬ɷɸһɱ䣬Ҫ೤ʱ䣬˭˵
ȻƿѡȥɽսǣҲ˵Ÿոմڰ˲㣬ȥʮֲҲ˵ܴܲǿֲĵھŲ㣬ڵ槼ѾҪ˶֣ȥǿս»ûھŲ㣬Ѿɢˡ
뿪ʱ槼ŷɵͻɾвСİȻûб̫ϣƻһԣ͵ɣֻҪһ㲻ܷȥϣ
ڴ֮ǰȻǣһЩԼԼҲĵˡ


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Сֵܣһ£룬ƶǵӵ
뽲ǵӶƻ
Ƶɺ֮ͨŮ֪ûУ
˵ĿǺʦ㣿ǵʵ
Ƶ˵ͷ
ʦѾʱţȴ֪ʦʲôϵǵӿƣЩ
һѾˣʱǵӾЦǣǺܺõѡ
ԭˣǵ΢΢ףʦչ˵ʦԵ񣬳ȥתһȦѾںڵĴ֣
˵ţǵӵϳ㽺ۣںڰҲŲֹڣֹʮǧҪľ磬֪Ҫ϶ꣿ
ںڣ
ԣϹ˾ȣͺսҲڳڶѣһգôںˣ
òԼ˰ɣԼִԽˣƸоԼɶУȫͷԣ´͸Ź죬쵽׷ʲô
Ҳֻ˵Ҳ֪Ǽ٣ӼǺʦѣµȥ﹫ͨͨɽӵ
˰ɣлˣСֵܣ
ƻعԥһȴҡҡͷתȥǸɽӣվԭЩԺ
Һǣȴúģ֪Ԫֳ֪ʲô
Կ϶뿪϶ڶȻǾͱȻԭΪ֮ƣȰ֮ǽ˵¾ʱһ߰ɡ


ڡ
˵˵ȥ⼸¶ʲôôôࣿһСԺǮźµѯš
գʵ⣬г˵Ѿﵽںڵľ磬һϢν𾪡
Ҫ֪ǰ뿪ʱ򣬻ʦڶѣŹ˶ãҲûô찡


372 ɵ
ΪĸףǮŮʮֵ˽ģԵľǣ츳˵ߣǣҲܸߵô̬ĵز⼸¼䣬Ȼʲô
ڴߣֻǿŴĻģҲ֪ʲôƺûǮʻ
ιѾͷ㻰أ
Ǯ֮㷢ֺˣʱһ˷Ҳ֪Щʲô
عǮڿԼʱɻĵں˵
ﻹôǮ˸ۣ㣬⼸£ʲôȥˣôôࣿ
ңûʲôԣĿЩĲɡ
ѾͷǰôЩˣǮԣһ㣬㲻ǸǸ˽ôôһܻˣأ
磿
ԣǲǮӣϸӬƺʲô˺Ρ
ĿİͰ͸ʲô㵹˵ôһܻˣǮʵ
ѽͱˡˣ̰ƲһߣȻǲǮ̸⡣
ǲС۸ˣǮʵ
ĶУæҡͷ
ǮûκΣЩйĵŮѧСˣҾͿ㲻ʵ˵⼸ôģΪһܻ
ͱˣҾһȥץǮֱۣһ˵һ߽ǮƳ˷š
ǰʦڵľ磬ڵĺǲԶûʲô֮ͱˡ
ι㿪ŰѾͷ
洫ǮŷţĴš
ȥϲĳֻ֪չأҲ֪һŮ
һǮŰһŲԶȥǮ϶뿪ˣ˿̧ͷ⣬üִ˳ݡ
ӦѾѹ˰ɣ֪ϵĶûУ
Ժиֳɽе龰˺Ρ


·ϣòֿ֪ЩԼԺ飬ϧСҲ֧֧ܶ޿κΣ䣬ܲµЩʲôȴ޴ȥȷϡ
뿪ûãƱǣмҲûʲôӣϷ飬Ҳû˵ǵġ
һЩûգƱݲݵıչˣڵʵϲãĺĳһѣԼ֪Լʲôʱɢ
ԼЩʲôϾƻ֮󣬺ܶʱǿջЦʲô£Ʋ˵Ҳû׷ʣҪչأչؾǡ
̶һ࣬ƱѾɳһľ磬츳˵ҲЩܵ
ǽЩЩ̫˰ɣЩӣҲñչغúˡǵţһĺ󱲳Խ϶ٶЩ޹⡣

̫ʦҡ
һ֮ϣȽת˼죬ްѾ۷״̬
ȡһƿɵ
ƿ£ŵҩ槼Ƶɵ˵˳֮Ч
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һֵϵΪϢϢصģǵҩֵ̺˲ͨϣǣҩǵҩֲǴϢĶͲĹܡ
ԣɵҲ϶⣬ֻܼӿٶȶѣĻ槼Լϵʱ޲ߣһѵҩ޷ͻô
ڵɣһʵɱḶ́绯ɵֻһȴޱȷһҪϡ
νϣǽɵķ϶Ϊһʿ˵һȴҪ޵ʿ׺ܶ࣬˵Ǿ͸Ӻķʱˡ
ͬںڣʵҲиеͣԭ򣬱ˣķԽ࣬ʿĹȻԽзɹھ۷壬ʱںﵽһٽֵɱΪߵȼ׽٣̤֮
ڲںڣʵʵָдţ壬ƻû·
ϣ֮ȴűʵ𣬷ֻ֮Ҫھʩչʩչ֮󣬿ڶʱǿʵǣһʵʱƵģʱһԭβ˵Ҳһʱڣ޸֮޷ս
ϣȴûⷽĹǣʱ壬ܵʹһңҪʹ÷ʱ򣬻ʱûκεĸãڣ˼˿ӡ
벻ɣȫˣǧҪʧ
ǿɢܰ㣬ȥޱ˵ķɵƾǿϣҪ槼ԼҩǺ͵죬Ͼ槼˵ϣãһлԼԾȲС
ҩڼΪһ̯ҩҺ˳Ƶĺ븹УƬ̣ƱоӿһůǼ䴫֫ٺ̹
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Ƽ̱۾ȥ򣬹֮ɢɵĹâȥƻãӰʱʱ֣׽
ʶڹ֮ϣƺܿ붨

ӣƶǱչزܰȺΣ˵ʵ֪Ƶģÿζûмˣֻڸ֮ʧ顣
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ˣϱһͣԥһ£ƶڻչδ̫ǰһˡ

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ˣϵЦҲһ£˰죬ĪǴ˴ȥ壬ʲô˰ɣ̫ʦɵúʲС


373 
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Ѿ޼ƿʩ̾˿ֻ޾֮·Ҳչôˣȥ˵ġ

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˵˵㵽ôˣ棬һĿƣСԴһôôҲҪʸ
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ŮʩĶ̫Եѽڵȼմﶼûа취ȫһţϢ֮ӲдҲֶ֪ܼã޷ͻɣǹ˶ñҪˡƿЦš
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ҩԹָָϵķɵ
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зӣƵ
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ʱ㲻йô֪ѣҲԹ۵ģ


374 
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˼ײβִ֮䣬ôӺδѰȥ㲻㽻飬ӻ᲻ԼΪСҵӲУǣƿյǣشĶȥ
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ҡҡͷ槼ٻһ˭˭Ҳֻһš𡯵ףףѾԳˡ
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ȴǲΪȻ񾳽ǿߣ˼ҵɱǿǧ򱶣ǵȾ磬ԻУָֻһ㣬֪ѣʱ˼ҿϲ㣬ǾֻǿԼ컯ˡ
ÿôˣĶùЩ̫ġ
ǾҪ㹻ĳˡҡͷȻ㲻񣬵㸣Ե񣬲֮ˡֻҪ㹻ģ˼ҵͱȻܸӦȥɣ׼׼
ƺҲֻˣҽɣ̾˿ȻЩ̫ű߼ʣҲֻȥˡ
лָ֮Ʊ˳鷿׼ڶһ磬ȥ㡣

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춼ûƱŹܼľг˸ţľڸ֣Ա߿Ҳʲô۵˾ŵƣҪ֪ǲҺ˶ֵġ
ʱŻţ壬̯Сûг
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Ӳƣǰߣһ֦Ϊͷ㣬ڶ֦㲻
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375 
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ȥ͹Ϊʯ࣡˶٣Ƶ
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ҡҡͷʦãһλҪѣսʵжôأԣ̶ѨҲҪȥһˡ
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ŴʮկУկǺͳľկߵñȽϽģһֲ˺ľկʱΡȻҪһվ


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㻹ҶĻ׳棬ʲô㶼֪Ц
ƲƲ죬֪ôжΣôɲѰ֮ʯֻ轫ʹһ룬ԺɨĴ½ˣϹʱ򣬴ʿô࣬ƾƽ湦⻢ļֵĴ֮£ôȰ㻹ǲҪһˡ
Ϊʲô
ԣȴЩ㵣ޣǿ񲻴ƣаʯľûгңǿһǺӦܴɣ
ֵȷ޴񲻴ƣаͷһƳֱ̱ףԷ㣬аٶҲ벻޵ģΪ㱾Ǹʵɱкޣң彻սûʲôаƶ֣֮һͳ죬Ǻѽ
ƳĬˣ֮ǰȷǴҵʯ󣬾ôǾôһ˵ȴԥˣһǸǺã
ֽŵĹǻиôػʯ෭ģ赣ģȮ˼ĹˣǲӲģֻҪ֣ٸʯʮҲ졣
˼ˣǵˣ
ƿЦһ£ڰ͹ս˵ÿһÿһ붼ˣ˼ˣ֪жѾɥȮֵ֮ˡ
ƽգ϶ѣкα⣿ˣʲôˣֻҪĲ㣬ֺģֵ


388 
⻰˵Ҳ̫ˣüͷһҡҡͷҲԣֻһ飬ﶮС
˭˵ҲģԣȴһãҪΪǿߣ͸һǿ֮ģ˵Ȼǲعĵġ
ʯ֮ңҶҿɲ뿴ôǰͺ̵ȥ취սȥƵ
ʵֵĻһ㶼ûǿ߾Ӧһǿ֮ģִ½Ȼֵ㣬Ǹвٵģӡ槼֣֮ʯûг׵Ŀܣʱ˿̣֣ܳȴûѡ֣槼֣ǻ˵ùȥϾ棬Ӳ֣Ǿ˵ȥˣһУֻ߸ϣмڲμЩ˼
ĴڣѾЩһȥ½һȥЩ˵
˵Ĺ˼ˣĻǾֵģʱѾǲ
ƲҲɣĿһĻ
Ҷ˵ˣڵɱֳʯѡֵ
ҡҡͷֻҪϰңûпܡ
ĿƵĿ֣ʮֵУȻ޿ܴʯ࣬ƻȥԣ㲻ôޣҲҪʯɱˣ˽һֽ١
Ҫȥ
ЩģϾʮжôġ
Ƶ˵ͷһҪȥԣԼСĵģЦ
ûа취ڵҲﲻʲô֮ǰ˵ǲУѰֻܸıòȮ˵ͶȽϸߴʵԽߣ;ԽݣҲ޷ıͣһױ仯̫Լǧ򻯣Կɱ仯
Щҡ
۾һҲû̫ϣϾ־һ֮¼ʧ˺ܶ࣬һӣٺò
ְһۣȻƷףȴʵʵ̫ѣϵ裬Сгɾͣ仯ҲûµģˣǸɣ㲻ģ
˵ţ˸ӡָ֣ƵüһָһӲӵѸٵûƵָ֮С
ڤڤ֮Уһ̫Ÿҥɬϣͷըѣ˯
һӿƵָɢѸٱգͬʱһӴϢƵԺ֮У˲˫ۣڰϱȻ붨
һûƵüģջ֣ĵƤë»ƻ˶ˡ
ֵ֪ϵܸߣܺһЩǣӿǽ׼ʥ򣬿Ҳûϸ²ɾͣ˵ˡ
ʵƵӲûУѵĸƣĿֻǲȥգϾĸǺϢϢصģһԪ֮٣ƺòײŻɲԶôչƣʯ֣ôĸػûȥãһȥǾǾһ
һӾͰƸסˣǷһ˿ȣдԼò׳͸͸ҿ˿ֱƴ

ء
һɽ֣͸⣬
ﾲĵģΨƻڰ붨ԱߵĴϣһʮƯŮ˯ʱŶȣʮֲš
ƵʱƵ΢΢Ķһ¡

һǽյ˫ۣȻ˿һ磬һȦƣƵ˫֮ԶԶ䡣
ף
˯е֣ͬһʱ˹ڵһŤͷƿȥֻҲ
ˣ
ϵıЩŹ֣ôôˣѲԼһ˯˺ܾã
Ͽ˿͵ƶûӦûðɣִ㵲ѣԭȿ̺ϢνӴûʱ䣬Ǳ뽫ŵģôôѹ
ôһʣȴһ£ôң
´ߵǰѡͨˡ
̫£ͨôףҡҡͷ
ôôˡ
ԣ˿˵ͨˣǲˡ
Ȼֻһ˿ƤëӦѾˡƵ
ʲô˵һ飿
ˣȻθ˼ֱϾɣӣûиµʱ䣬ЩϢ򣬾ֻһƤëҲһҹ֮ɾ͡
ٴظ˵Ѿһ˿ƤëӦѾˡ
㿪ʲôЦԣ֪˵ʲôˣΪʥأ
ʼ磬ȷǾףҵϢ̫ࡢ̫ˣһ֪ЩϢ˳Բԣ
ԣһС΢΢ĳ鴤һ£ȴûб粵˵Ĳȷ⽫ϢҺŴƵģΪľƶ໨ʱȥ
ֲ˵Ʊ֪ǱԼ˵ˣҲ֪ΪʲôЩϢһָܿԶֳıĿңƺҲûô򡣡
˵õɣ仯ҿ
ҲɣֵϵٸߣҲô̵ʱڣ仯֮
ԣƨɣӵվԣʲô
һԾԾԵı飬ȻǺܼϾͻǽȻͬ¡
ɡ
ҿ˿ָָϷŵɰ
ˣͷһ˿ߣ㣬Ҷ˵ˣֻͨһЩƤëұΪô
ܱʲôʵ
룬ǿ϶䲻ģǿӦܱ˰ɡ
仯֮󣬿˵ǲͬǱ仯ĶȴҪȱ׺ܶ࣬ңӡԽĶ仯Խѡ
Уر˼ı仯֮оƪƪѶҪƪ乷ͱʯͷƣǸ仯֮УǱ׵ġ
ı仯ֻ迼΢ıһԣҲֻ˱֮ϣһЩСС
ˣԴ룬ӱһ䣡
ӣ
ڨڨͷһȻŮˣһǸСԿ
ȻҪҲ˼ˣϸ۲һֵò˫ۣһƮѸдһλ¡


389 仯֮
䣬һ̫Ÿҥ־ȵĿ֮УһƮΪһ߲ʵĹâѸٽƵΰ˽ȥ
̫ŸҥûгñʧˣƵĲʹҲԳһӰ
ۣ
ֱڴȻ֮ȴһ£Цˡ
Ʋԣͭһˮ৵һ¾
Դˣȴû䣬ߴΣһʮСŮôô
ԼûˣϽɢ˹ָԭò
ͷһʩչвĵطڨڨĵһ䣬Ұο
ЦһŽסЦһĵӣȷǴӡЩƤë㻹⣬һҹʱ䣬ջôģ
֣Ҳ㣬ôʱ䣬仯֮·ȻƫƫƾˣȻ֮ǰŴ漣ǣܸоֵϵ裬ûдﵽ۷壬Ҳ񾳽ѡ
ۼֵ治Ըʵǿ̫ôױô
Ҳ֪νͣҲҵ츳仯֮ϰɣ
νרܣҵרÿ˶óĺͲóģͺͽѧһ㣬ͬһ⣬е˼ҲҲ˼·е˵Ȼһ֣Ͱˡ
Լ˵ҲһְɣȻоʮֹŹ֣Ҳ֪νֻͣǺϹˡ
ȴǲʲô츳һ˵ֱжʲôΣƵʱԽãԽƹŹֵ֣ϵߣǾͲö˵ˣȺ󵷹ĳȴһܸͨɳ£ЩܶԵϿ϶ڲʲôܡ
а⣬ҸʱúõооУ
󡷲ĵȷֻЩƤë˵ͷ˲βı仯ʹûʱϰСеɻֵ
Ƶ˵ͷһʩչѣӦþˣʩչʱ򣬶Ժͦġ
Ȼְ̫һۣĹ˶Ҫͼı仯Ļģ˵Ҳ㲻ʲô
ΪȻ緹󣬱ЦУһһϰ󡷡


һξʮ죬ƻʮʱϰ󡷣ǰı仯֮ƿغãǿǿܹ仯磬ʱǱֵģҲ֮ǰͷβͬʱ߳ȥƾۣѿ
ʮˣ֪˶ˣ
ƿ˷ţƬɽУʱ޿̶ڷսʮʱ䣬֪жɥ
Ҫȥ
ԺдֵȻֻǲԸȥա
Ȱˣ֪أ
ҡҡͷѾȰΣ˵ΪΪѲ˸ϵѣʥˣ֮
ּȰ֮ãҲֻܷȻ˱仯֮Ϊԭ򣬻ǺױƵģףͬʱҲѣģ±˵òҪһһΩΩФ֮ѣԣҪȥʯ࣬һҪССģһ¶ţҲɱɣ
΢΢ף˵ǽԣǻϡ
뿪ƾֱȥ˷Լȥҵľ
ЩӱŲæڷҲûȥʱƳһھҪľȴЩɻ
ʮ죬Ȯֱûľ˵ĻӦģȷûнľկϢȮֱֻҪȮֱڰɽ֮У϶綼ϾľկȮֱפز˰ֻҪȮֱͦò˶ñֳܷľկ
ʱѹΧկӶˣԣΪػľҲΪ˸Щկİȫƶľȥһˡ
һ񷿣棬˵ģóԺúȵĹţһʱˡ
ȥ
Ƶ˵ͷƿ˲񷿵Ĵ˽ȥ
нٸƽ׿˴Ǵɽϴĸɲһ㶼׼õģһ߽ȥŵһŨŨľͷζ
ҽһƬĵطȴֵľֱϷϲĸֵһ˨һδ󺺵ϡ
֣ŽţǴһľԣһžƺһһֻռԵ
ֻǱˣǻóԺúȸšһĻƲЦһ¡
Ȼļ̌ͷ㿴˴ӲѺ˳ʱŵеռϡ
ԣͷһ˿ߣƽǸŵôѲǻ⣿
㣬ˣ
ľֱĿƶˣ˾壬Ʒ񹬣ڵͬˣôһССĲ񷿣޷ӣ⼸նкþƺòˣӹûԡ
ӣ˹ȥϷʵĿŵľ
һżվŸߣ쳣Ŀ࣬治֪ЩȮôģƻЩԼı仯ܴ֮ܲЧ

ľڨڨһЦ㣬ǲɱҵİɣ
ľг־壬˵ԴǰԺúȺãԼЩĴĺƻɱ
ģ㻹ãֻҪֺãʯˣ˵һȮȥƵ
ģ
ľԣЩţûָɱ£Ͼɱ˳ľկˣ˿˵뿪ֱ붼롣
бҪƭôҡҡͷֻҪֺãʰʯ߲࣬ǲܡ
ãұֺãһֺáľͷлĻᣬﻹܲץס
㲻Ȯ־УȻôСĴڣ
аҡͷɱȷûʲô壬ңҲá
ľ˵Ҫʰʯ󽫾
ûƵ˵ͷô
񹦸Ȼԣľڨڨʯ󽫾ײβػ䱾ʵҲǿףҵǲס
Ͳ㵣ˣа취˵ţǿӷȡ˳ŵľϻ˻ΣӦȮ־еƾ֤ɣ
ľ㶣ͷ˵ĲСӵ죬һʯ󽫾͸ǵģԿ±ͬʱҲֻǣһͻԶѡ
ѣʯܸоôʵ
ľܣˣ󽫾֮ͬʱЩҲᱻ󽫾ӷ


390 ս
˵ʯսȮ죬ǲʲôĵģӷѣʮǰɱǼȮʱƱѾۼ֮԰ѵľţҲΪˡ
Ȯ־У͵иƾ֤õƾ֤ɱ˵ľҲˣĶôõƾ֤ȥ
վƶŵľ

ľЩԣҲҶʣϽվϵ춯һɵĸӣҪ񷿶ˡ
ƶŵľϸ˿һʵ̫ˣͳ̫࣬ɵľģı仯֮ǣ浽һֱ仯ֱ仯Ϊط࡯ΪС仯ͬרŵĹ࣬Ϊء͡ط֣СءΪطΪС
ʮ죬ϵ仯⣬Ҳоط࡯СɣҪɵľСӦ㲻ѡ
ľƶ÷ëȴֲҿѯʣֻӲͷƤվţȻŵһĻȴоޱȵ𺳡
ֻϺȻƮһƮתƱְһصһȻɢΪ߲ʵϼ⽫Ƶΰڡ
ϼ޼һȻ󣬼Ҫ˷ҫ۵Ĺâε۾£ʹ⻺ɢȥԳһӰȴǲõľͷ󾪵
ǷǰȻվľһĻʵ̫ˡ
˶ΪԼۣæ۾Ÿҳǰʵ
ǻ
ϸ˿ȴƲǰľһףһǴɫ⣬üۻͣƲκ𣬻ѵһ˫̥
ѲǴ˵еı仯֮
뵽˴˵ег˾ȣƾȻ仯֮ᣬ̫ˡ
뵽⼸ձŲĪǾ仯֮Ʊ仯ɵľģҲƵͼˣ϶赥ľݻȮ־С
벻ֻҪַʽȮ־УҵʯڣҲʲôˡ
ôƵͷеķʵ
ǶȿȥǹСģС޶һһ̧ȣ¶ܲȵļϡ
˵ͷĶΩΩФ
ף㲻ʲôúһǣתľȮ־Ужʶ
ľлعǴսûжʶĲ࣬ҲʮҪõļҲɱˣԴôı仯֮в˿ġ
˵󣬵ľ˳㴵һ䡣
ƿɲΪľһ仰ˣȻһƳڵı仯ǳϸ֣Ǻ¶ڵġ
ɢָԭòѵľϵ׻˹뷮һͬ뿪˲񷿡

СѴ˾ٵʧΪһƣȮ־У֣Сġ⣬Ƶ
΢΢ףľͷչһˡ
ģڣ֮ݡ
˵ͷľˣеҲʧʱʧƾ֤һʲôӣȴҪվˡ
ԣƻ֮ǰľ
²˳٣ھȥǰһɱʯ࣬һ̫ƽƵ
ССġ
ϣѾڿնѸٵʧʡ

˰⡣
Ѫ졣
û׹ȣƱԶԶĺɱ֮ͽײԶԶȥɽֵ˷ǳһƬʱиʮֵ𺳡
ʶɢҲĳ𺳵ˡ
սޱȲҵս
Ŀ֮鶼ӰȮ־սǰߣʮʿԼӸʿɽ֮ʿѾʮ
ǶսģǽʮȮֱϣվƣǣս֮УȴǺһߵ
˹죬ս󷽣ʩչս֮սģսǣһһĸǰʿӳս
С
½ͨõս֮洦ţһöö˧ӡУŸʩһȦȦ¡ӣʿʵʦ磬ɲԵֵȮִ
ÿһȮʿ£ܻһʬżսţøղȮֱսսԼɱȥ
ߣԽԽأȻȮַȴûʲôʧЩȮͷĿսս棬ʿսԡѪսԵд⡣
˶ڣȴҲסȺǣһսҲ֪Ѿ˶ãȻԳ˰ơ
ɽ䵽ʬ壬ѪȣνѪƯƣʬѳɽɱ죬˼˲
սǰҲֻڵϿȴޱ𺳣Ļ棬ԶԶûۼ𺳡
ңֻвҷһս
ʿֱѡȼָԱȡ˵ûԸȫʬоã󷴹ɱԼˡ
Īı׳
һ֮Ѹٳսϣۼ˲أ̲סѵػʯȡա
ǣɽ֮е֣ս֮ϸǵҲ棬޷ƿصػʯػһȼղסȮֱãԼˣǿɲɱһǧ˰ٵ£ʵǡ
̽ɶӳϢ֮˲ӿʧֱȮ־Ӻȥ
Ȯ־ս󷽣͸ߴȮͷĿɢֳһɫԶԶĿǰսһ϶Ͳ̵Цݡ
Щ
һ߳ףɫ׵ȮֽЩȮͷĿУԵøͻǰս۵ףˣȮֽϳ˲м
ͳǣһ̣ˣʵսֱЦ֮ԱһλȮͷĿĵ
˵󽫾һսҪЩۣøЩǰ󽫾ܸʵʱ߳Ƭɽ֣˵һССĹͳһ½Ҳ¡
󽫾ıԶµԵӽȫͷĿ

˺Ͼսʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬󷽴һ;ͷȥԶҳһš
ô£üͷһá
ͳ죡
һͷĿ˹֪ô£мλֵͻȻɱˡ
δ˵꣬һ⻮ͷĿԴȻֹ⣬ͳ棬ͷĿ屻жĿ飬Ѫһء
ʲôˣ
ôһĻͳͫһʶѸٺˣҲͬһʱ̣һƬһͷĿĪʬ


391 ԭ
˲䣬һţһľԱһĻʵǹ죬ͳֻۣͭĿΧȴа촦
ƱɶϢΣսˣǻңĶôױμȫǳ˵ĴɱɱֳֿɽǼ˾ͿͲı֡
ǣһĻЩȮͷĿȴ̫ˣͻȻէ𣬸ոջվˣһͱж˿飬ȫʬ
ſɽɱ˼أʮȮͷĿĸ£ЩȮͷĿĪģѹûعʲôûһüġ
˵Ȯս󷽣һƬңͬʱǰսȮֱҲʼƷˣذơ
ɱ˸ĿɨԶԶͳϣ쳣ߴʵۣںڵľ磬ȺȮͷĿ֮УӦλĸߡ
ɱɱ
ûԥſɽ㱼˹ȥֻҪһȮִϵ
ৣ
Գٶȱͳǰڿն𣬡ɽ˫ոһ񣬾ֱͳ쵱ͷȥ
ͳȻʲô֮ۼէ𣬸δ棬ѾܵĸӦΣգǹ͵Ļȥ
أ
ǹɱǿɽĶ֣ıնϣǿĳֱӽͳõ˳ȥķԶſסΣһѪ
֣
ͳг˾ոǷӦһҲѾʬˣһĸֲ֣
ϣҪͳɱȻΧЩȮͷĿӦ죬ΧѸٽͳ쵲ں󷽣սŷֳһҿ
ǵصƲòѡˣôͷĿţɱȥֻתȮͷĿ
ˣ
ͳд󺧣һȫ׽μĶ֣ߣѾ벻κεķЩͷĿսôȥǵñظָһһɱˡ
һ̣ͳɵѡ˱һȺȮͷĿţѸٺˡ
ˣȮִȫ߱Ѹٺ󳷣׷˼мȮͷĿͣ
ϸոջޱ׺Ȯ־Ϊλọ̈̄߱չ׷
ѹ˹һ˴ҩһʿ
Ҫ׷ˣ
ԳΣ˹һ
ӣƺƣɽּ𣬾һǺף˶Ĥѡ
ʱֹס˽Ųλ˧̧ͷȥֻһֳһ󸫣ա
ºˣһʵ
ϵսףӦܹ˧ȻȾѪɫںڵľ硣
ԣȡӡȥ⻪ţơֳͷ
ԭ
һ꽫һö˵ĹĽɣ֣ҲĹһЩݣҲֻĹűϡ
Ī׷׷ȥֲ˺ôձݺ⡣ջӡգ

꽫ԣɣȻʱ׷ЩϧǷŵս˵ģȮֱ˵ù죬׷ȥѱ
Ĺʼ˱߹ɲʶƣ֪ǸǸ⣬ȻǲĹƵġ
ֻǣʮ֮УĹռʮĹôһˣʵǼ׷ֲʲôôλ˧̧ͷȥֻŵĸӣڻµѪһ֣ȮֱˣȮ˱Ӧйء
Ȯ˱̫죬˼ȥ˧Ҳ˼׷ͷ˱
ʮ¤°Ӫկ

ʡ
˹˧λĿƵϡ
ΰ˹нʮĹ͹ܹܹ࣬Ĺһ͹ֻҪȫԸȴǻ߸ˡ
һµսһ㣬ѲʮУĹвʮ򣬰͹ܹҲʮʣʿ
˵ⳡ̴쳣Ĳңһ·ڲˣϾûʤⳡսǷЩȮֱȫǰͺ̵ɱΪһλսˡ
Ȯ˱ȴʵ⣬ǿոոǰĴ򷨣²գ˹ľӶñȮָһˡ
ԵλǱµּô꽫ʵ
Ĺ˧ڵľ磬˳ʮ䣬ŨüۣӢˡ
ҡҡͷûּ⣬ֻս
˵ûּ⣬ԵЩʧɻʵȮͻȻ˱ΪԵʣ
΢΢ףЩȮֱɱɱģֻĥҷսȥذɣҪӮⳡ̣ͱɱָЩȮֱͷ죬ҳǰǣȮִʱ󷽣ն˼нȮֲŻִ˱
ԭˣԣʱ
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һȮͷĿˣ汻ʯƳʮܿƶʵ˶ţȥ룬һһֱںȮսδз죬û˵Щţ˵ģʣһƽټ١
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д֣սؽǣжĪļ벻Ȼջ

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ԭжףȻʱװһֵ̿ӣǺʲôͳ촦Ƶġ

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Ŷ׵ıӰǷһ˿ȣ仯֮ȷȻǺ͵ľʶģ涼ûƳгһŶ衣
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Ȯ־УŷһǾʵϣ˭ȭͷ˭ϴľռ˵ľӪʣľȻȥ˶ֹܲǾпıˡ
˭ˣľЩĪոնսһӻϢһ˽֣оѣвŭĵ
ԣдһ壬ӵӪʣ˭Ĺۿˣ⹫ҽеľӪӵģʶĸϽӹ
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ôô᣿Ƶ˶һۣЦҵȻͳ˷ˡ

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ƻȻʯ̫֮׾ˣķǿµĹɥ
ЩȮֱ嶯ս֮⣬ջ飬Ҳһԭ
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ս˶࣬лǿ϶Ҳ࣬ɢ֮󣬻ǳ棬ʯһٰ֮ǰ¡ľѰʲôǿ壬вľİȫֱ޿ˡ
ô飬񲻿ϧһӻ飬ЩϧָЩܰЩء
ЩƫţҪǸãðɡֶһ仰ɴֻƵָ
ư̾һǴһӣʲôʧȥȤ˧ȡ˳ֿʼо
˧Ӧķ棬Ҫȵľõǿ٣Ҳ֪ʯôƳģҹоһҹǿţƾ˧ɿסİٶ
⻹ɽУ֮⣬ȮսʿЩȮսʿɶʶģЩٿء
ų˽ЩȮָɻа˾Ű֮ЩʵȻﵽھ磬Ǿ͵ԣЩȮֲָԶģƾܿƵʱҲýЩȮָһһնɱ

˰ūľƻ㱨
ѾλֵܱǴӰ˰ʮսʿѡǿߡūƵ
ԣĿɨȥ˶ǻˣȻǾһս˲ᡣ
ɳ꣨ݼ
̵ϥڵأƵѪֶΣͬڳʱλεͳ˧Ĵ澴η
ɣԺǾͺūһˡ̧̧֡
ԸΪң׷棡ڸǲס˷ܡ
ƿ˿˶ںڵľ磬ܴôʤҲǱ²С
ʱūԥһ£α䣬ˣʮˣҲиˡ
ֻˣ
ԣȴЩʧȺսˣһ죬߸ˣʵǴϡ

Ʒ㶣ūЩƣϽ˻ơ
ƻعûж˵ʲôľϽɵĻ鶪˹ȥ㶫ȥ˰ɡ
лʹͣ
˴򿪰˿ʱϲ⣬ȫ벻ƻ˴󷽡
ȥɣҪҡƶ˰˰֡
ǣ
˹˳ȥ

ԴѾһˣ죬ʯͻأץʱˡ
˧ſԲٿ⻹ԶԶΪ֮ƣֻԳˡ
˰һ䣬ЩȮֶָˣе˯£еҲˡ
ҹƻɶʩ˸Ϣĵĳɽ
פʮֿܵɽ϶ɽУд󲿷ְģŵһЩǿýϴסĶȮսʿ
ö֮һǱ룬ֻҪ϶ˣƱֱȥʩչħֿ


408 ȫɱ
еĻ޸ƣеĻ˯ûԤϵǱǵĶ˵ֱ֪ɣ֪ôġ
ҹһֱһɽдţԼ֪˶˵ĹһֱЩʣۿҪ֣ԼĶ
һҹν֪мдûע⣬ԳΣ֣ȮֱҲֻǾȶѣͰ͵ĸ񣬵Ϊʲôɱ

ʥʳ˴Ĺѿ˵ھƷҶ⵹Щϲ⣬ջ˰ɣôڸֵĹŽõھƷҶѿɱȵڰƷҶѾˣԺʮƷʮһƷʮƷ¾͸ˡ
ʥɳΪƷ̨Щϲ⣬ζʥֻӲ٣һգԼܽʮƷľ硣
ˡ
洫ūŵƴ붨оѡ
˫ۣūʧĳ˽·ͷһ㡣
ððʧʧģʲôˣƲɫֻ𱸡
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ū״ΣĿİͰͰ죬ŵҲ֪ô£粻Ǽɣȥֻ̽һɽﶼѬ죬ȻҹɱˣΪ˸ˮһҹ֮䣬˺öֵܣǺã
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Ʒ㶣ūΪƱɵˣæƣһҹ֮䣬֪ɱôֵܣַǺǰϵǸ𼦴ΪƣǸ𼦴׷˰ɣ
𼦴ɣЩ㵣߯Ҳ棬Ȼ뵽𼦴ɵȥ
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⵹Ҳǲܣ
ֻҪûɵԼϣȻ˳ˮۣ°ͣװһ£ߣȥ
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ɣ
ĶھȥʯǲǰʯͷԼĽô
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Ƶü䲻ĻһĨЦ⣬ôţаš
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ˣ·ңǰеһһ˿Ȼţȡ֮ȴʯĳЩˣڲǰǿߣȴɱ˵ĻԼͬ˵ʱЩпͬǣ
ʰ飬û˿ԥֱɽⱼȥҪģūˡ
⼸˶ƻģⲢƾͲ֣ǱϾߣǵˣοʶ죬жٸ飿֮ԶԼģηԼʵ
ֻǣǶʯһۣ֮ټЩٶʯһۣʱʯ໹ܷʲô
ū˸ʮˣ˹ķ̽ѰΪɽֻһڣԣһҪƵɽķЩ
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֮ǰЩȮսʿķӦһҲˣȫ벻ƻ˶֣һǺɵĶ֣˵ԼΪĸԼΪЧңôҪɱԼأ
ǣעеԭˡ
ܴôȮָʤȻҲʵ׵ģһսһʮ֮δʱ䣬Գ


409 ˭
Դˣֻ˵һǸִȥʮ⣬ľʮȮֱˡ
תɽҵϷѰɳ꣬ɱɳʱͬҲǷһֽţ㱻ӹ˲֮Ԩһɱ
ʣһūͣ㣬תȥʶѰū䡣
ûˣ
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ĪǱūʲôۻȥʯߵ˹أǿǴͷˡ
ֻǰȮֱˣɻмǧû٣ʯʱأֳԼе˧϶ûˣ߻ɸ֣Լһ¶ҪɱѾǾѣʱģǸβˡ
аҪ⣬˵ǱūʲôϽŹиȥ

صУȻūʶʯչ֮ԶԶһۣδдʯ䶨ļʱ
ȥĶˣūƣ̱˹
ӣƺûзʲô
ƶ˶٣ոҼ̻źţǰԮ֪˶ȴӰôˣ
δūɣ̰ѻ⳶ūϡ
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ֻǣūƺˣͬڹУܴɽнǧ֮ߣͷ̻źţôܿõأ
ףǶ̫ˣ뵽ǰληĽھȻôɱԼ
ãûмʲô֮Ľȵ̫ãȻˡū
ԣ׵ķתתȥ߿˭ڶ
ľֵܣ
ūһ䣬ʮĴˣȿڶȥ

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ƿһʲôľū񾭴ûɣĻǱֵʲôʯгļƻɾ͹ܴˡ
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ƵȻڼʱѾˣҽƣĹˣңľҲҡ
ūԣˣϾ֮ɫԽԽʢƺڲŻعζԭһжĹʲô𼦴ɣʲôߴĹ۽ô׷ɱǣУɱ¡ľɱѾЩΪ֮
΢΢ףūѾϵ⣬˵䣬ס
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ϤףϤΣūԺһĪľ֡
Դڿзһһ䣬һ˵ǰū˿ָ
ǲˣǸֲˣūҪ˵ʶѾȥҲȥµֻоֺͲʡ
˿˿ɢūʬ忪ʼѸٸɽ˼
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ʮȮֱıΧɱһûӵƴҲʧ˽֮
óսȮֱЩġ
ʶɢȷû©ִɽȣˣʯȮսʿ𣬶̶̲죬ǧھĸ֣ô׵ƭɱˡ
ֻʣǧˣЩûʲôʶƽʱɽõٻųԸȴҪЩȮֱ̫ˡ
Ȼܶ࣬ҸǰǴﵽھǿߣǣ˧֣ǣֱһȺһ򵥡
˧ʹһɽдֻǲʱǧֻʣʹˡ
Щû˲ٿأ¾ûκεķɱʵס
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410 ʯķŭ

ЩˣնɱҲǽѣ˲ٿأð
ңЩǸ鷳Ҳ˧ٿЩȥʯһսǸͲʵ˧ɵùµʱЩᱻʯٿԼ
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ʯපǰվƬ̣һڵɶæϢóȻأֲôϾ֮ǸɵǰҲķһֽŵģԵʯļ룬ʮֲһڶѾɣǵȴģֻˡ
ΪƻǾȥ˺ʤҪϲ١
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ʱɽϷһɽźȻըӰ˳
̧ͷһʱһɽгģʯ࣬⻹װɺһͷ쵴󻢡
ʱƱعζߣʯΪ൱֪ıչ֮ϷǸߣӦòչ֮
֮ǰΪͳ˧ʯ඼ûи߹ɼʯʲôĵز
ǣ
ʯƮڵأˣüʱųŨŨɱ⣬Ǹоʲô֮˲ʱޱߵķŭȡǸɵģ
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󡷼ҡһ䣬ɳҵģ̧ͷʯ࣬Ϸʵĵ³ң󽫾
һļƵСӣȻƭңʯͫʱŭգɣȻû˿ĲСӾȻñ仯֮ƭͰ͵İѾдȨƣʱѾǺڲΨŭ
թʯְ࣬ɣ
سɷϰƶɮһݳе
ߣΣʯһĿϣСӣѪұؽǧУ
ʯһŭͷ쵴󻢣ֱ
Ѫڣѩĺ֮ͣηɾĻ벻ʯֻգ㽫ʬ


411 ǧڹʦ
̫ͣƱܵˣбһƵǰ齣һӣҵĽͻˡ
ͻϣǷײ֮Ƥëųһ𻨣⻢֮ǿȵǳ
ͻĽˣȴûܵʲôˣһٶ˹һҲὣӭȥ֮սһ
Сѣš
ݳиƶһ仰һҪһжδɣòһȼս
ԣҲ֪ǳæԶԶ˿ܵ꼰ȥﵹæһ߹սץ׼ʱ͵Ϯ
ݳֳһȣȻʯǵװˣʯƲֻȥæ
ʯʱǵ治С㲻üӳ֣ҲȻ۷ľ磬ҲǲԶչֳʵѾѰɵĸֲ˶٣Эǰǵ˽˰ܾ֣ܿ㽫ݳˡ
ʯʹһǹֹޱȰ磬纣оˣһһ
ǵʹȭŹֱֱ꣬һǰƲɵ
ݳһжվһżĳҲ书ʯ෴ԽսԽ£ȭǹӰ컨׹
ݳ˫ֺʮʹһšƮΪһڽɫӣεУתΪء
⡶ʹǹȭӰҵǽ죬ȴƲݳķ
ֻǣһݳȴһζķ޷ٹˡ
ƼˣЩЦãϺУǵеˣɵ˲ɣô򷨣ôʲôʱȥѲʯ˺ɣ
ɿǲ֪ƣģ򷨣ûѶԷȵðԼˡ
սеʯ࣬ͬǷһ˿Ц⣬ֱӶݳɺţԸȴǹɱ
˫һݣﻹʲôæʯսȥɽʹҲʯվ˸൱
Сӣ첻ôࣿ
ϸʯҲЩ飬ЩȣûмǴĻ֮ǰСӻֻǸʦСʿ׷ֻķݣʱ֮꣬ͻͽν̬ɴʱȻһʱսƣܲ⣿
˴˱˴ˣҲ٣
ɽǹһӴĳףбָʯ
СӵŴλҺ£ն㡣ʯ纮˪ɫ࣬ɱ֡
һŷУһߣĺӹŷѸٽʯڡ

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ĺɫѸٱʯྨ̣źڽʯ壬ʯ徹ȻʼٱǣƬ̣һ˿գǰģѾһߴɵľˡ
ǱǹҲ߰ɳڵϣͺһվǰûСȶӸߣ˽µһֻС㡣
䣡
ʯû˵ֱͦǹƴ
ƲӲӣԶܣǹƸով֮Ϊ֮һըһ޿ӡ
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ʯκδϢʱ䣬һҽŸ߸̧𣬾ȵһֱƵͷ£ҪƲȳһ̯ࡣ
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412 ǼҪ
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ݳеҲΣѣ֪ƵȻҲΣѶˣɵȻˣȴʵʵɾ磬аӦܹɣ
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һѣҲʯˣݳҲֻͬսʱ䣬ʯԭΡ
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414 ֮Ԩ
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415 Ԩ磡
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⻰ţƺЩŤҲ˲ˣŲ֮Ԩһ֪ӴôãѾʧȥ˷ȥѾǧѣΨһֻпӣ˽Щ֮ԨźȥѰ硣
λҲа֮Ҳֻˡ
ƵĻӶ˶٣ʲô֣
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Ҳԯų˺棬֮ԨȻɴڣϡ档
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ԯУʿڣǷڴ½ϣҲǸˡ
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ܿ죬Ƹɽۣһֺӵɽųǰɭɭ֮䣬һʯڲ࣬顰ԯš֡
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Сͯ磬ӡСͯԣǱ
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416 ɽԯţ
ԯδҲ̫˰ɣȻôһɽҪǷڴ½ϣǾ񹲷ߣеˡ
ԣȴЩƣӣʲôô
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æҡҡͷѲԼˣԯžôţ
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磬ոսȥλ˭Σ䲻ʵ
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С磬ոǲҵˣŮһأֱɽǰ˹ȴֱӰԱߵƸˡ
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ӱ˾죬˼ȥСɽһˣᣬ˵Ҫ鷳ġ


417 ʶɣ
ԣƤ˶ȥСɽɲȥģҪǴȥӣˮ½ˣǻ϶Ǹ˽ȥġ
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㶵ģӱϳԵãȻǾԼѧʣȫǸûС
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ӱһۣڶʣɣҴȥ֡
ϣһǰһ뿪Ҳ


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ӱһ֣棬ﵽǸߴĴӲݡ
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ӱЩҷˣȥжߣ
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ӱ̵˵ͷһļϣһ㣬ڿնȥʱʹ˷嶥֮С

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ҵҪҹңҰĺӰˡӱ׵ĵ
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˭˵ģ÷ѩ治֪˵ʲôˣǳûĻĿ
ӱ̧ͷ÷ѩ㲻Ǿô˵ô磬˵˼

Σ˶Σ
÷ѩЩ޵ݣţȻʳôһһǵ˵棬й˵ģ͵ҲǶͷأֻͯ޼ɡ
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÷ѩˣҪΪΣҲֹסˣĶܹ㻻ĶҲ̲סŭɣ
ӱԣ¶һ˿ϲ⣡
Ŀӱϣ㣬ֻ֪֣ǵҩǲǿҪģ
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ӱԣҪ粵ȴס˿ڣʱɲҰ͵Ѫ˵ֻܵͷˡ
ҵʿջۣǶֵҪҩжǣ֮Բ㣬㼱ɣҩ֮վ³ˣȣպжӰ죬֪ô
Ŷӱ̱һԹŮԴһ̵ܽģ
ҡҡͷĿתƣһƿУСһ⻹мű鵤ǵǴ󻹵ɣ
˵ţｫҩƵȥ

ӱȴЩˣƱͰѪ˸⣬ھȻôˣͰ͵ҩǲǿѼˣ


428 ݵСӣ
죡
ӱһۣνŮծŮ˼ҵĵҩȻҪģôȥ˵ˡ
ӱһС־⻹ưͳԻп˵ˣֻܺݺݵĿƣŷӣô˸ֻ
ȴˣҸҲ̫ͻȻˣû뵽ջֽҩ˹лǰ
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ۼƱʯҷס۾ȴһȡһֱƵؿڴȥ

ۿҪ̵ƣ˺ȻоԼеĽ޷ٽˣ̧ͷһıƶָļס̲ȥҲβ

ƶָһ𣬳Ӧϣһ̽ؿڣ㵼䣬üֱӾͱķ˳ȥ
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ͨһڵأؿڣЩŵĿƣͱʯۣ۾ȻܴӮôҲǸھĸְ
һУԸѰڻʹǰȴͬϷ۾ȻţʶеĴһһ˵һѾʮˣֻ꣬ƿֵĻһưˡ
ǾɽԯصأһξԯŵĵӣֻЩԯŵĵӶý
ֱȥ׼ץס꣬úʣʲôԹֵԼ֡


429 ʯТ
Ʋ⣬εضת

鶼ûˣ̽ͨ˳ȥΪһ֣С
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ŶóԣǷһ˿ȡ
ʯԥһ£ϴ˴꣬ͳһСԲģǵҩ裬ʯϴĺ


430 һ裡
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431 ˮ̶
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㵹ǿףԣ¶һ˿Цݡ


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ٲãӺ槼æѰң˶Ҹ˶˵Ѱɣ˵Ӻ槼СɽЩ۵϶ûϲʱ䣬ԼϵÿЩӦܹѰǵġ
գƱڿն
ӱһץס˵õģ˵ҪǰķϢģ


437 Ȯɣ
ƺ˺鷳߰ɣȥķǣ
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439 ĺȰɣ
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440 ּݳ
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ģûҵȴݳҲݳãôƵĻͱȮֱָˡ
ƵֶεȷʮֱӣҲûа취İ취Էɸ֣ʹЩֶΣҲðСȥԣƵݳҲû˵ʲôϾʹֱֶΣҲѾûˡ
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Զǵٶȣվܵľ֮Ұǲ֮Ұ˵Ҫҵö࣬ɽּǱŲٻĹޣһЩаʿҲϲɽּޣǿɵСһЩźáӱ
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СѴˣΪɣʱӵ
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⾵ϣԸҪȥ槼
Ҫܳȥõҽô
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׹ɢȥվǱȥһĻ͸ҫǴ꣬һɽͷϣڿУʹȴһָܡ

ķѸٵɽͷۣһ磬ɽͷϷɳʯԲʮ·һԳٶȻ˹ѸٵγһӴС
ɽͷϵŨ񣬶еģơ
˿̵ƣһĴʯҪʲôЩķԶ壬ٶ֮죬Ŀ
壬ѾظǴأȻ˸أÿһϸ̰˱ţѸ޸
һ㽹ڵƤѸٵİ룬䣬¶ոµƤ𪣬ϸۣǿȣȴǺҪ֮ǰǿ
ʶ֮УָȻըγһ磬Ƭ֮мγһ߲ʵĹţԴˣƸûκβֵĻᣬΪɷؼɱ䡣
ӴٵĹ߲ʵĹ֮УǹűԽԽҲ֪˶ãʹˣһոµָƵʶ֮С
߲ͬʶĿȴǱ֮ǰӴʮҿȥӵĻׯϡ
ָ֮Уؾһ޴ĺ߲ʵĹâʮɣر¶ںϵķٶȳ֣Ѿ֮ǰֻɾ̥߲ס
ĺѾԱΪѰʿΪɫȴ߲֮ɫֻɫԽŨҡ
ҲȺʤٱϾȻֻһ֮ңǣȴɷɣʵʵɷ֮
̥һɣʶȻҲɣۣʶҲĿԲʮڵʶȻûʶʹҲû̫Ȥ
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ƽϢڿУȻ붯ŵʹʵѾľʡ
߶˳˼죬ɢҵľ壬ĻָЩ֪
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ɽͷϾʣһˣϰϰһֻ˯һѣȻϡͿĳɾɵСɽ֮УûϵȻĻԵ
ȫƤһǽڵƤƽһһ˺ɾӸԼ·ڿնС·ȥ


452 ʥںδ
֮У槼ɻ۵
·˼Ѿ˯˹ȥ·ոǰĶûκεӰ㣬һ˯㣬Ψһ۾ϸϸģҲͻܷһˣģҲʱѣʱ㯡
ûд槼۵ҵԼλã
槼ҲûԹԵĽţͻɣʵɱ䣬ʱȻҪײ١
ɫܷҲڱ۾ҲоЩԺ
ЩʣλǰԽԽ̲סڴϡ

ڽƵĻĿƵϣСкѣ˵
ѵûУֻЩʡ
кʣʵ
Ƶ˵ֵ㣬Ϲ֮ʱǺԭ򣬶˵ʥ˲ʥ
⣿槼ŹֵĿơ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ΪʲôǸоһ˫֣ʹǰߣңҸоǲǺЩʥйأдһʡ
˶٣ӵ⣬Ƕ޷ش㣬ʥںδҲ֪
Сһʥ˸߸ϣĶǸ㣡槼һĵİۣ֮£ѭû˵壬ֻ谴Լıȥģȫ֮ˡ
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ԣĿתʦˣ˶ҡͷ
Ҳ֪治֪Ǽٲ֪Ҳʲȥˣ˿Ҳǰʡ
ˣ͵ɣ槼ת˻⣬ͷʦСһ׼һ侲ңճɾɵûһʱһ
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ɾ֮²ǰôˣϾ֮ÿһС磬ǼĿԽ
ĸǣڶ̶֮ڣﵽľ磬ϣѾǾ޽ˡ
չذ꣬Ȼ˶ʮ˵㲻ϳѾһΣϾչصĿֻǹ̾磬ͻơ

ǣʱ槼뿪Сɽӻɽȥˣ槼ȴǻȥˡ
槼ȥҲ֪һԼûи˺һ󣬲תһ룬˼ҿǸ߸ϵ񣬷ŵԼմӵײСӰɣ
槼뿪ʱлȥĻͰСλǻԼȥ
һССĲˬҲɢƱҵݳϺУ֮¡

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ոһ̸һʲôʱ뿪ģݳе˼ƺԨˣȴǴƵ⡣
뿪֮ǰȥɽһú룬һǴĹ̫ʦδλҰ׹ˣֻǹ˸̫ʦͷԣȻҪȥģڸУԺ˵ɡ
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춯˶ҲʶԼ˵˻
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Сѣ˶٣ݳƵЩģҪͷСѰæȥ£

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ݳϺУйģȫǸԷ𷨳Եµͷܷƣ뿪ˣСôô

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ҿǸ˵ҴСɽȥưӱһĿ⿴ơ
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453 ̫ۣ
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С㣬⹫ҰģôˣƵ
ӱԣǰץƵֱۣҲܣҪҳȥ
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ֻ뿪᪵ʱ˵Ҽ֣ȥ˹λػȥˣ᪵ƾǿƻع飬ȴҲûǿƵĶ
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Ȯ־һۣǰ࣬Խ磬ֻͬΪ֮һĻģȴЩܹǣл˻ĺۼ᪳ǣҲ͸˽
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ͷβģչֻǴԣʥּû¾Ͳ׼ĺңѾ˺ܻ˵ѾļɵȻѾˣﻹйٸԭְĵ


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⻹ǵһܹһ᪣ǰֻΪҵԵʣɾɵЯͬУη塣
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ɲǿ䣬˵ĶʵҡҡͷС᪣һСķ粨أջʦ磬͸ҺͺҶ֣Ѻ涼ˣ̶һ꣬ѳɾɵ˾̾治֪ε̵ģ
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⻰һϵıʱһ͡
ʲô˵ôЩɻĿӣں޵еĽҲ֪


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ҪߣҲǣ뿪ɽ


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ΪûˣȻз˵ʱ򡣡·ϣ̾˿
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ҵƽͣ뵽ɽܺ裬оǻ󣬵ս֣һ֪ܻܲĹȥءƵ
⣬̰̾ɣǾ뿪Ժܹˡ
һĹ̫ʦһĹȥҺҵ鷳˿ʵȻᣬɻܹԱ˵̫УЩĺá
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ˣȴп࣬ôʱһѾǲУټһˣֱֻˡ
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ϧֻһˣСӣͶ˰ɣϷʵĵ
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󲮣Դһ̴ȥӣŭˡ
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кǰ֮纫ƶսսСӿ˹󣬴󲮣


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纫Ҫ֣ȻϮͬʱһƣ񱻴ײһ£ʱߵķݰ˳ȥ
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ššü˼Ƭ̣޷ɱǵӣһڱǡ
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ǲźӼӻǺܻʱָּľλʱԶ˫ۣ
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һЦʹէ𣬽ûƬ̣ʹˣԭصģȴһˡ
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Σ޷׽м̼Ʒ̨̨ͷһƬɫĹԣס
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ּÿ죬ѸٶȻһ䲻أȴѪע
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Ϊֻѡ˱ܣƷ̨ܵס⽣Ľȴǵס⽣Ľø⽣УԼС̨ȴ֪Ҫ϶ʱ޸ˡ
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ͣ
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һٱ͵Ϯִŭһ翳ȥ
ʶľٽཻһײ֮ĽӴйϽƷˡ
˽򶷣ֳָ⽣ռкܴƣԲСģͻᱻ޵Ľ˵
̧ͷ֣г˾ȣ齣Ʒ񽣣ȻƲǽķԼǽĲҲǴﵽƷ׵ġ
Ҫɱǵ÷Ϻһֽš

磬ջعͷԴϱ㰤һ
һʵʵĿںǽӲӵͷϣһʱĽɽչ黹мû⿪۷壬ȻҲûǰ㽫ֵͷƿ


457 ᱦ
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һжȻƶ˻ˣȴֳܿȫǲݣսôȥκβƶˣƶȴҲƲֵķ
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һ˿գ񹬱ήڵأһߣڴڵĴŴһ԰׵շˢǽ㣬һ˿˿ɫѪ˳۶ڱǣȥΪֲ

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ˣֵۿ־⽣ǰˣǰȥһŽ߿ѽģˣֹʧ˵ô
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ŭҲ֪һץסƵţ蹷㣬ҧ
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һһֱ̧Ӿһţ˺ֵϣ˿̵ĺ֣ﻹܵסһţ˾ֱһ߷ɵȻʮ׿⣬һƬҳ
ǰȥ浹أȻûֻ۾ֱĶգɴ˷ŭͲʣȻĿ
ֿǻǵܹһСķˡ˹źֵʬ壬̲סЩ̾Ϣ
ⶼҵģҪǲǵ鷳ֺɱ֮ҡҡͷǰϵװ
Ѿ֮߾̫ϧˣո׵ǿѾ̵ġ
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Ȼӵĳɹʺܵͣкڣ˵϶ӳӰ

仯֮ǺʹǼҲ湻ԩġ·ϣЩпĵ
ЦҲ̫޴ˣ֪ΪʲôҪɱǡ
޷ıɱȷ̫ԩˣһ־ѾôѲ֣˭ʤ˭˵ⷨӣȻЩǣ򵥣ʡµķ˽ˣǾ֮ߡ
ȻܱѪе˳Уֺƴսأ˶ûˣõĽ
һɣ⺫ҲŸոҪ˥ˣ֪£ǲ֪ʲô
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Ҫۻȥɱߣʵ
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Цһ£ô࣬ܲܶɱ˰ɣǻǸϽ뿪ܹɣӲݵģ߼޻֮·ǵ𲻵κЧἤŭʱܻʲһܻҪǣǿɾ鷳ˡ


458 ӻף
ܻʣҡҡͷǰôһв˵øлǡ
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켣ٳô꣬Ȼǽ֮Ħú͸ģ˵ĻȻŷ
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ȴ֪ʹõСǳ˶о衷֮һﵽ̫ļ𣬴оУɽǶ֮ôٶȼڼٶȸǿֲܼʿٶˡ
ٶȣܲô

⡣
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ӽĸӵ࣬ĵĹȰţҹӹԷԸµӱܣϻ˵˳ӵ֪᪣ܹŭ̾ʹѶ֣úִأ򷢶µ᪳̽ƺ䣬ֱ峿֪Ѿ뿪᪣Ҳ׷
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ʦܣһţ²ؼҪ侲࣬ǰ̽һֺ绹кֻ˹ȥ
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һܿĵת

۾һǣ㿴ӵ˹һֵĴһڵϣæˡ
Ӽ״Ǵ㵡
ҪҪɱң羪С
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ʦܣЩ㡣ҲǴһ£ʮֲ⣬ȻϳǱ֤ͷԻѣûʧķ衣
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û˺㣡˵˵ô£ߵǰһۣŤͷź
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ų˵ѻ˲Ҳ֪϶װӵģ˸ƭɱˡ
װӵģö֮ĳںȼλɵǰͬʱܲ¶ţú˿ߣ֪жôĿ¡
ƺҲʲôɶӳη壡
ĺĺ󱳣ʾο˿Ǳֱնɱģû˿ļ󣬺Ʊһƣˣ˿ȥ׼Ҳûзͬһƣ񹬱飬һΪѾǻΪޣʦܣȷû˵ѣȷʵݳģƭɱ
Ӵԭأɵһ㣬ȫʵҺòּ֮࣬ȴһ̻ΪӰ
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˵ţɫصվ¼аģΨħġħ
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ʦ֣ҪףΣӵ
һ㶣ʦܣʱգ㻹͸ôԩԩ౨ʱˣ˵ףʱҲ𣬽ִ̫ޣ»漰ħ壬ϵش󣬲£Ϊֻ̫Ǳޣ
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ԣΣҲ˵ҲΪãѾɱ˫ۣôȥвҪűˣһȥɣ
ʦֺ⣬ףɴ˳𲻹죬Ѿҡҡͷͷڽֽ£һͬ˵ϣӽұ㲻̫۵ӣָգ


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ʦֲٶԡɫȻҡҡͷϲʦּ£繴ħ壬ɱҺӵܣұ£ɱ¶ᡣ
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Σ̫ʦƷħ年֮£п϶ʲôᣬ򣬾ȷ£Ҳﲻ㣬̫ʦĹȨǷħȾҲȨֵġ
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ʦܣôôף´ϣһѾ꣬ѵ㻹ҪúϺҲڳ֮ôӵ
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ʲôҲûж˵ֱӱźֵʬڿնǶȥ
վԭأҲͽκΣʦֵ꣬ȻʮصģۿӱأȴҲ޼ƿʩ
һԵĺ磬ɵ㶵ڵϣȫ֪롣

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絭ȻһЦҲûоܾ߰ɣˣǰҵط޲С
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ҡҡͷǲ֪ɽиɽĸɺڵľ磬ɽɶˣ˼ų⣬Ҫȥ»ͻúþˣԵҲòŵġ
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չˣȲЩ˾ʢҡҡͷ߰ɣɿˡ
΢΢ף̧ͷɽһۣ̤ɽ·
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ɽ´ţɽϺȻһŮӵ˶סŲ̧ͷȥֻһŮƮȻ
Ůӿȥʮңһ³ȹƮƮ´裬δ䣬Ѿ˽ǰ
һŮӾɳڵľ磬ӦɽɵʿˣոǶλͬʱɽҲѹֻᾪɽɡ
ŮһĿƺ磬Ȼ߲ơ
ǰһŮӹ˹֣Ĺ̫ʦ磬ݼɣֶƣҶֻ·󱦵أð
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ҹڴϣӣǰԽԽù죬ǰڵϵʱС˵ﶼнʲôʥƵ飬һ룬ֲòɣòʥԼɣ
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ˣľҸ㣬˵ˣպв֪𰸣ҪԼȥѰҡ
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ˣ˾˰ɣģԺҲʲôΪˡҡҡͷûɱذ֣ǺǺģֻǣҪһҲ޻˵
٣һսǴȫʤ
˶ЩСˣ£ǽ壬ҡҡͷ߰ɣǡ
ɽΧ۵̫࣬ûǧҲ٣δٽ֦ҲѸٵ뿪̫ɽֱǶȥ̼ʧϦܲϡ

뿪ܾãЩΧ֮˲һսǴ۸ɾսڴ½ѾǷǳټˣںܴһ˵һӶѼ
ȻǲˣһɸֱɱǿǸ߸ϵɣѷ˵ĴڣȻ˵ɱɱˣЩж𺳡
ಣ
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ಣ
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ಣಣಣ
һӰ弱ӶȥһͻȻһ±ȱܵˡ

ҵģҵģҷſ

嶥ʱһţЩ˲ΪģֻΪ˱ɱɣɱ֮󣬲ûȡϵıǿű˭ܹĶ


472 £
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ɳȴݣͣȮҪ޷Ǿ転֮ٴηս̫ƽ˹ల£ٴֻܿǰҵȮ˶ǳ嶯ս֮ռ˹ʦ֪вĳԶЩʦӦҲʲô֮ҲԸһĻɣ
ԣóĬһŵɿȻҪȻҪȡңĹҹҲǾ޴в˭Ҳұ֤Ĺᶯô˷̫ʦģ㽫ңұػΪܣôʲô֮¡

˵ٶ˵ʲôҲˣ̾˿ȷϣĹʦĵȫǶģѾ佻иһλ¸صǰܣԺ󶼲
üͷһ֪̫ʦ˵λǰǣ


476 ڿϳˣ
ˡ²ܸ֪ҡҡͷֱתƻ⣬ʦԶʱҸס£գĳ£ԹΪʦӷ磡
Ҳգ
һ䣬ûٶ˵ģҲ֪Щʲô


ҹ
ʦ綨Ȼû˵ʵôܽиˣǺ˸ǣͷڣһӶŹԵЩߡ
Ĭ
ǵӼ㲻ϣҲǸֶӵУʦʵֺαֱץһǣ鷳
̧ͷǵһۣǣĹôˣĹȮֱؽ˺Ƥʱⲻһս
ҪսսȮ¹˭ССĹѣҪףǵӵ
ҡͷ˵ôף֪䣬ǱϾǸ򣬴ĹҪ˵ԿĻȮ֡
ֻǴŰˣûļαص棿ǵΪǰǧǰҲѾˣô궼ûϢôܻţһֻĹЩƾ죬еĴ԰ˡ
ԲɾգҲɲšƬ̣֣Ӧò⣬ӣ˵Ļ
䣬ſˣһӴ˽
ʦ𣡡
ǵӹϷţ첽ߵǰ
ջô
ǵ΢΢ף˴඼ؿƿӴһ˿е֪̫ʦүƣڸУֻѾչãδ
չأüͷһ
ǣȻƭ˵ƲǣԱǵһʦ𣬴ȺɱҹλɣԻ֣ȣʦǣһƺú㡣
û˵۾ڵʶֱɢ˳ȥ˲㽫̫ʦڡ
Ƭ̣˫ۣ⸮Уֻһʶ޷֪̽ڸУпܾǴ
ϣһ£̧ͷӣһ磬ϳʥϳ֮ΪʦȥУֱ°ˣĪ֦
أһʵ
ĹݹأܵĻӰֶֻҪ粻ԹԵĽô
ʦ߼ԣ¶һ֮ı顣
һ£ӣ˳ѰǶĸһϣȥĪˣ³֮뿪ǡ
ǣ


ڶһ磬˵峿ȥ˻ʹĻȮֹʦ֮¡
̫ʦУһƫƧԺ䡣
ԺżôʱҶͥȴûɨССԺ䣬ȥЩưܣ϶֩ȻǺܾûסˣһķõլ
Сӣ֪棬ɡ
һվԺһ䷿ţǰȥǷźһ
뿪̫ʦѾûܶвȻΪΪˣ̫ʦһԺ޷ʶ֪̽ö˵ƻڸеĻչ֮һˡ
λͣôˣʱߴһǵӻͷһһ߽Ժӣǹܼľ
ľ븮ǰѾйŵˣȻֵúܺƣϾȮˣȫš
ľ벻ǣ븮⼸˹Ȼ춯򣬾ȻԺˡ
תĿľϣܼҲضɣֻǺ棬Ժסʲôˣ
ľüͷһ΢Цʦ˵ЦˣԺͻķϣûסˣλǸ뿪ɣñҳӣ̫ʦʥźܿʥּйʦʦ׼׼ǡ

ҲľԣԱǵӴһӣһɾֱźľȥ
أ
ľ⧲ɸǰһھʿֱֵܹӱɨؿڣ˳ȥ͵ԺǽϣһƬҶ
ۣ
ľ³һѪ̧ͷˣĿ¶֣㣬ǡ
ܼңԲˣֻ˼ˣһյ˹ģֱӴһУƼ䴫һǿԺпҶҷɣľȫܿƵŹȥ
һץסľһ䷿ȥ
أ
ľһɳɳֱӽƣ˷Уľмһء
վԺУȻĿǸ䡣
ſڣվһ꣬纮˪ַľһ˫ӣƺУ䣬纮һ䣡
ǣڿϳˣǵЦһϷʡ
˿̣лľйҪͷͻȻϣûˣ붨Ȼ鷳ѹܼҸˣֱǲˡ
ʲôˣǰװˣƵüͷšһɡ
ȿȣʱľȮֹʦԱǸĵӣ̫ʦʱү벻ȴ̫ʦүޡ
Ȯֹʦ
Ȯ֣Ƶüѿýֺͷ뵽˶ԼģϾȮֹԼϳԹü
ӦþưɣȻӢšϣû˿ı仯´һֻۣһ䡣
ȥˣͽҰɡûдֱתľ
үСģү˵˵ĹѾ󡣡
ľҲûж˵һ䣬ؿ뿪ʵطֻ׸ĿЩ취֪ͨС
Ҳû˵ʲôֱľȥ
ĳ˻ǹӣȻȮֹʦԼ٣ʲô˵ɣľ뿪ֱӵ
һ˿ȣҲ㶯ֻ֣ȥȮһˡ
ôܴң
ԣϱû˿ı仯ġ
ǣСӣ㵱ʦڴ֣ѵò㣿㵱Ϊ̫ɽһս֮󣬾ûûĶôĵߵ
ƵĿǵӵϣźεʦ˵ô֪ܱܲס㡣
̧֣ʳָָӡ
ͣ
һɫĵָƣ˲ֶȥ
׵ٶж죬Ͳϸǵӻع֮ʱֱ۴ֵĵѾϣԱߵĹʶԾҪ໤Ҳ
أ
ǵֱӱɣԺǽ˰ߣһƬҳҳе˸þöûͣЪ


477 Ƶķŭ
ҳɢȥǵӵڷڣ岻ͣòţԵòᣬûж̫˺ǿĵ֮£Ȼľûһʱ̣ǻָġ
ӣˣɾĲˡ
һ£ӿɳڵĸ֣Ȼƾôһ׵ʱȥսңոһУûܷӦɴ˿ɼƵʵԲСꡣ
ѣȻǵˣдľֻȭͷƵĿڣ̫ˣҰ̹̣ܽܽȰһ䣬̴ĵ뿪ĻʲôҲұ֤
ˣ֪ߵغҲգȻߣֻˡƽǣóѾŭˡ
һɫӳУһ͵ı䳤΢΢һ£һƽߣֱӳȥ

ٶȼ죬Ѹ˼Ȧһӣһӣǣһһ㡣
Թһ˰ɣƤ֮ࡣ˶ӣǱҪսҲĵطսΪᾪܶˣϲ򵥵ķЧ顣
ߣ
һܻ棬˲һˣվԭأͺһɲ𣬻ƳγεĻԺ¶ȶȻȻǣЩֻƵȼգû˺Ƶ壬ϵ·û˵
Ƭ̣ϵǸӾѾͨ죬ƺʱȼһƷиܸоǻ˺
ǻ棬ԲǷȥ˵ûˣ򲻸ҵһһУ̴ࡵһ·ɻϡ
ͣ
һץһӱյͨ죬¶ߣһץ֮£ɾץպֱӾͱˣǹԸʮֵҲ۵Ƥ鴤һ¡
ѸŹ򣬡ûǰϽ뿪ȥȮκˣٸңֻԸ
ߣ
δ˵Ժ⴫һ
ѭȥƵɫ৵һɱţΡ
һҶŸ꺺ӣЮһŮ˽ŮϴżȵĻңƣ˾ź
񣬻ﻹССͷĻ˯ˡ
ԹԵĸһˣɱŮˡǵЮߵߣֱӶƵ
һĲӣɾĸ֣Ըһ޴ŮӣɱֻƬ֮䡣

ŭĿԲû뵽⼸˾ȻôӵֶΡ
磡ƣ΢΢Ĳóŵòᡣ
£Ƹһĵһ˫ɱĿ򣬡ȮֹʦֶΣδҲ̫˰ɣ
治ɫֻȥȮһˣû˺κ˵˼
ſĸӣǽÿһƵ쳣óѹеĻ
Сӣҿ㻹û״ɣֻҪһһغˣԹԵĸһˣҪȻҿɲұ֤ʲôЮӶĵ
˵ţ˻Ĳ˶һ£ʾ
Էˣɳڣһڣ򶷣ҪҲ÷ֽţʱǵֻһɱƸԮ
Ҫ񣬳ɱЮĵӣ⼸ǲܵģԷɸ֣ʵǿҲɱһλɣοվǵǰл֮⣬һ֣Ի
ȷĸӣҿԸߡԥƬֻ̣ЭˣֻҪĸӰȫԸˣ⡣
ԣǷһ˿ȣǾ񹬡
ʲôԣʱŭˡ
ʵǿȻ˵Ҫߣʲô⣬ҿɲ²ⲻ²ðգֻˡ
磬Ҫ
񾪺һҲһͨˣֹ磬Ȼ֪ζʲôһЩҪ񹬣ܹš
ɫ࣬ҼȻӦߣ;Բʳԣ
ҵȻӵƷʱ򣬸ոӵֶΣһмܲסҰ˷ˣһʳԣ̫ԩˣԣֻίӣ񹬰ɣڣɱݡ
Ǳ̫ͱˣƳŭȡ
ҡҡͷôѡ񣬻ԼҲûʲôϵҿʵûбҪΪ񹬣ҲգȻӲϣҲûʲôˡ
ס֣
ۿǵӾҪ֣ƴ󺧣̽ס
ôԸˣһ˿ȡ
ĿŹ򣬡㵹Ǵḷ́Ҫ񹬣½˭ܲˡ
϶ǿССߣԼԸ񹬣ҲƲĸŮʱ˿¶ñߣ
һ̴þƿҲɵӣ᱿ĵ
ԣҲ˵Ĭϣ֣ѾǳԶơ
ৣ
ֱӽȡ˳ָŹĸӵ
Ц·ЦӣδҲ̫ˣߣѾ˵ԴˣȷЩֶΣøһ㣬Ĳ࣬޷Խġ
СӣʦȰֻǲ㶯֣㳤ˣԱǵЦ
ſǣҿ뿪ĻҸұ֤ǳԺӣţǾԡƵ
ɳڣ˵ȫΪǣΨһֻڵĹʮּɵںȻԴڵĸǰҲһսʤʤȴǲס
д֣ٲףҲˣʵ߹ʹֶΣҲʥ֮ˣȻֻܴƹ˼ĸӵİΣٳٲֶѡ
Сӣ浱Ҳô
ЮĸӵӣƵĻ֮󣬲ȻŭȻֱһȥƳٳٲϰǵĻƣ϶ΪɱˣʣɱһһֻɱһסƣԹԾͷ


478 ۣ
ң
һƣҪͷϣ棬ƴ󺧣ȫûϵǵӻͻȻɱ֣ʱҪ־ԮѾȫˡ
ˣ
Ҳŵñ۾ʱһ׹ĻСϴһ׹⣬ѸٻΪһĻϡ
أ
ǵһڹĻ֮ϣĻӴĳǽǵƵõ˳ȥ
һĻ˶ûԤϣС۾վԭأһ磬·ͷ졣
Ǹᣡ
һ˲ߣĸӶ˱Ѹٷˡ
عҪֹѾˣƶһƣƳƶˣĸֻصſڡ
磿
۾ԱվŵѾƣдżֵĴ㵡
ûˣ
ƵݸһĵȡͨΪһֱ֣ӽĸӸ
֣ͨˣҲ˺ĸӣߵƣ˲Ͱڣһж赣ġ
չ˺ò۾Ҫƶе
磬Сġ΢΢ףСȥ˵仰֪Ҫɱˡ
˻ھ֮Уû뵽ͻȻʣΨһҪЮƵĳ룬ȻƸ˹ȥ
սˣ
û̫ƷȻոƵֶȲСɳھɳڣڵĴǰôġ
붯֣ɾսʵڿֲǣһս޹Сȴ´ˡ
ǣƺֻһսˣϾȮʦݹأǰǣֻܲܿȥҲҪӵġ
ڣǵĶԹˡִޣĿԺˡ
Ϊ⣬˿֪Ѿͷط̫СӣҪǻطɡ
أһ£۵ģ
ƶŹ򵭵ĵһ䣬бָ񷣬߶ϵķŶһԾŴޱͣתһ̫Ÿҥһεֱ
¡¡
ŻʵգʱޱʱۣƲž׹ⷭӿȥɷˡ
٣
ԣ٣
Ӷͫһ¶ɫдµѹǸеĵ׵Ŀ־塣
ž
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̱޶񷣬˿׵Ӱ죬ݡ
ߣ
Ѿ׵糤ϸо˾޴вʶ׼ˣһתԺȥ

ˣֱֱ£Źһ޳˹ȥû˿֡
ৣ
׵糤˲룬ȻŹ׷ȥٶٿ죬ܵù׵磿
Īľִӹз𣬻ͷȥױѾ£Ϯ󺧣ȡһɫɡſͷױ޶ȥ
䣡
һɡϣɡʱըΪҽͬʱҲӴӿкֱԺԺҳһӣѪ
ֱƨȫ벻޻ôǿǰɡͬҲƷԪɡǿ׼Ժͻʱɽãûϵǵ׵֮¡
䣡
޿ɲ׼ŹһӵĺǣҲ㲻̣֮û壬ǾԲֵģΪѹȥʱһŰ׵

ողǱվһĻѾȫȻ޷ֻŴͣĿǵ׵磬¡
˼άͣһ룬˱׵УŰױޱ֮£ֻ˲䣬ҷ
ʦ𣿡
ȫˣλǿʦڵĴڣȮ֣ҲдʦͶʦ֮£Ȼôľͱ˸һ޴ˣ
˸ʵԹʵȻûüôʬ嶼û¡
ʱɢ˴Ŀƣ˾ֺη壬˵ʵȻֲȵز
ߣ
һȷӦڵĹˣҪɱǲǸףһͷӣֲĵط
һһҴܳԺӣٱӣǲô׵ˣһץʲôҪЮԼǸ鷳
䣡
ֳצڿУʱһƵ֮ϣȼȴƫƫȼգûаֵ졣
ৣ
һƣǻʱֶԳٶȣ˵ȥ
أ
̼׷ˣ˵ıըһ˲ͽû˽ȥ

ǰĲҺ޴Ļֱ˻ԡڵϷҺŨҵĻ棬ȫǱˡ
Ժ⣬ڵϣĲҺͣķƺҪϵĻ滹ĥ𣬵ǣǻƹ֮һ㣬ԽԽ
ҺҵĲҺ
տʼƺվ𣬺ֻܿʣʹľˣٹһʹûˣ̶̼ӵʱ䣬˱ֹͣſڵϣȼԭؾֻʣ߽ڵĲʬһڻ裬һӰ
վӰǰüżĮɱ䣬һ뿪ǣ⼸һȻץĸҪЮԼֱѰ·
ǽֻƵĻƻôŭߵˣǾǴۣ

صԺ䣬ͨ
תƣϵĵǷ磬û°ɣ
ģû£
ƺһЦֽС˹Сһ˯û㣬Ҳ֪εʲôǻſˮѹͲ֪ոжôΣա
Сȡ˿۵ҲûͷŹЩƣҲ˵ոСһɢǵâɢġ
ǵְƵģֵܵɳڸֵһƵļӶУոչǵǶ֣ȻǲᴥƵġ
ӣǼ֣˵ǼܿɽͼŴһ̥Ƹ̽壬ȴûзֹɽͼټ
ÿʱܻΣڱȻǲģֻ̽ˡ
ոǼˣСҪЮֱֱڣƶЩºͷŭ


479 ӡ
̫ˣ磬ǲ̫ʦôδĶʵ
ˣ춼ʱ˵ѣҿȥҲͦƵģȫ벻չһ˾ͺȻ˺Ƥ֮ǰȮ˺Ȼķ䣬°ߵʱ򣬿ǰŵùǺ
̫ʦôѣҡҡͷСϣûˣŲȥɣ
ţ
˵ͷҪ뿪ȴһ⻮׹ԺС
ʶģ˺һˣŷ
ܣֻ˼ǽڣԺƺйһսء
أ
̧ͷƣʵŸոսʹã鷿ſںţͻȻ̫ʦƻۣһ֪붯˴ޣҲʥˣ̻ظ
ʲôֵ붯ޣʣǸˣֻǣһȴǲӰΨƺĸӡ
ָָԺŽƵĺӰһ춼ǣ
ԣһ£˳ƵĿԺ⿴ȥƹĺӰϡܱϳ˵״˵춼ǣѾܲµո﷢ʲôˡ
˶ˣ
Էˣ붯˴ޣҲܴһʣȻѵöԸɴս춯أڻ֮ǰ绹Ļ᲻̫ʦˣһƺʤ̫ЩԷûʲô֮
չؾŸ£Ƶʵֽ˲١
Ȼûʵһǵģ

鷿
ȴЩ̫嶯ˣȮֹʦ˸ˣȮҪˡ
ҡͷ̫УȮֹʦǣһԵĴ£㲻ãֵһս
Ƶұ뿪ǾȻץĸҪЮңǾͲܹɱˣǼȻ߲ƣ뵽ֽ֡
ҲգɱҲɱ˰ɣ̾˿ڹ˽ģһûü£ҲûнӼȮַҲûֻ֪˽жʹȮַҲԽⷢӣ϶ǻұҪ˵ġ
ЩȮ˵ǿɶһһʦˣֱûûˡղŵ£ƻЩŭδߡ
ȮֱǸսĹңϳԱвһسӵĵչǰֻ˵Ҫֵ쳣ƣһȮе࣬벻˻ᾹǸЦصСˣȻ뿪ҡ
ҡͷһЦ̫ʦʶ֮ȴǿˡ
Цһ£֮ڼƣ֮ȫ׼
磡
ʱ洫һ󼱴ٵľ
ȥǻңʲô£
漴˽ﻹСȥǾţƣ̾ͱ˹
ôˣƵʵģƺҪһ
ŵĵ磬쿴С䣡
СôˣҲվ
⺢һֱѣôѡ

һ㶣ֽС˹ŻһСһ˫۽գƽȣģȷֻ˯ˡ
С䣿
ƻ˼ȻСʲôӦüͷһʱҲ̧ͷ񣬡⺢ǰʲôʱѵģ
ǰĻһˣʱˣǽȴôвѡЩ۾ᡣ
òǼȮ˶ʲôֽŰɣʵ
һﾪˣԹǵЮĸ𣬾ͲСѹпС϶ֽš
ƽСϣϸļС壬²˸飬ûκ촦ƫƫСһô˯ء
ۼ⣬СԺİ׷ƺʲô
̴ȥüͷʱšֻСϣҲĵطһɫָӡ
ΪͷţɫҲƤɫϸױϣԣոһֱûз֡
Ծһ˵ָӡǱŲӰȥģɫֱ͸Ƥ֮УպЩˮ˲ȴҲɫ
ָӡȥͨһٺۣҲҿ϶ǲָӡ⣬תȥָӡôģ
Ҳ֪ҡͷѾǻŵˡ
ΣָеʣͨСҲǲֱ֪С˯ѣ˳빫йأĻôɣΪʲôߣҲʹʲôֱܴأֱڶʥ꣬½ʲô³϶¾֪ġ
ֻǣˣƸ޴Ӳȥ
ֽС£һ飬Сһɺƽȣûаƺֻڳ˯˺üΣ޷£˶ˡ
ֱϺӣϽ
һ㶡
ȥ̫ҽһʥƴˣ
ǰһ£Ȼǵרҵģ̽С㲻ҪģڸţǺܿͻ
ϣ˷ţڿնֱʹȥĶܲ߳鷿Ѿ뿪æľҲҪȥ̫ҽ

е̫ҽںڵҽĹҽ磬ѾǶĴڡ
ݾݾһͷͷҲߣۣǴһٷ˭Ҳ벻ͷǸҽˡ
̫ҽרΪʼΣʱĻ£Ҳд󳼿Ȼûʽܰ飬Ҳǰ׹ݣҲĸûлĻ׼еҲҵ
̫ҽһ䷿䣬ʼҽŲСһҡͷֻ˵δȹֲ
ǰֻʣ»еһˣһСһ߸֪ʲôƵ˶ûд
Ƭ̣еСС֣Сͷ˿˵Ǹָӡתƿȥʲôʱ⺢ӳ˯ѵģ
ڸղţһ磬⺢Ӿһֱ˯ţŪ󶯾ûѹƴˣɿЩʲôƵ
гϣǰߣѾĹҽ۷壬ʲô¾ֻ槼ˡ
е΢˸³룬¹ûпĻͽȮֹӡ
ӡ
ԣüͷһӾš޵ɱ⣬Ȼ˸˹
ƴ˿а취⿪ӡ⺢ӡʵ֮ǰǿڲ֪СôˣѾҵ֢ᣬȻеܿߣӦҲн֮


480 ʯǣ
ȻеȴҡҡͷӡȮֹҲֻйţջͷһμӡĺֻܺ߳˯ǣʱ⿪Ļ
ʱ⿪Ƶʵ
е̾˿ʱ⿪ܺ߻һֱ˯ͨղˮ׾ͻ֮ݣοһĺͯ
ƴˣȣ
̫ʦ廹ϵˣûҶĴ⣬¹Ȼа취⺢ǿлѣǣ˵ǣѹҲóմˡеŶ˵
ɫһ䣬ˣķǣмɰգ
еҡҡͷһɶ
˻һƺɫҲ˵㽫ѣʮа˾ŶΪմˡ
뵱ʥ֮µһˣôܳΪմ
¹˵ģǵ£ʩвһɵİղǣϵָӡɷ۱죬ɺϣϱڣʱ򣬿ҵʩ֮ˣҲѽˣһֱ˯ֱ˥ߣڳ˯ȥеֵ
Ҳ˵ֻʩߣ˻еĻƵ쳣ĳأҪ֪ӣѾɱˡ
˶С֣ԸС˷ӡνŭֻһС޶µ֣һ̣һȮȫ˵ĳ嶯
еӡȮ֣Ҳʮַ޴ӵ֪㾳ٸߣǲʩչǿл⺢ӣ϶⺢ӵˣǲʲôˣ
Ȯֹʦ򡣡
Ȯֹʦеԣһ£Ҳѹ֣֪Ȯλʦɲ⣬Ҳǻģ⺢ӵĻ¾ֻλʦˣң˵Ȯֹλʦһö᪻񵨣Խ䣬ܵõö񵨣⺢Ҳ¡
᪻񵨣ֻҪõ񵨣ܾʵ
еƶĵ˵ͷûһаĿǣֻҪõ᪻񵨣ܾ⺢ӣȥȮȡô
ɫأѾˣӡ޲ߣ£ƺֻȥȮֹһˡ
ƶ˼Ȯֹ֮ףС꣬οǴȮֹʦȡѵƵıѾƿ϶ȥȮֹˡ
Ƴһ£չأҵʵ˲٣ɺڵĸ֣УԱӦûûģСҵĵӣ˯ҲѴ̣ܿô˯ȥ
ʱе׼һ˵Ļץʱ䣬ͽڵ¹ʩĻԱ£ڣܴȮһؽӡķȡ᪻񵨣ʱܾͽ
ôüҲã£鷳ƴ˰æչˣһڻ
ģ¹ڣٲͽʲôˡеƹ˹
Ƭ̺Ƴ˷䡣
Ȯֹƣ㹦Ȼ٣ҲСģȮдһ֣롣
һСĵģ΢΢ף£Ҫ̫ʦˡ
˵ͷе֪п϶Ҳ޼Ȯ֣Ȯƴץ˻ӡܲʵȥֻ취ö᪻Ūּɣ⣬Ҫ֦⣬ǧҪ͵


УƵ뿪ǣոճأһ£ֻ֣ơ
̫ɽһս֪Ǽ϶֣ﰵﶼԸǣû뵽ʱ˴꣬Ȯȴ̲סˣһֱܵ
ǿĹֱңԼЩȮжôţȫȻûаĻʷ
ңЩ˾Ȼ˼һС޶֣ĳνҲΨһԽܵģôԸԼνǶԼߵˣ仹Ǹն̵ĺӣѾȫƵۡ
ȥȮ֣һ˳ã˳Ǿֻ췭ظˡ
£ѾûжηڣαչسȻûǶ٣ںȻԴ֮󣬵ʵȴ˲١
ںϵػ֮Ѿٿصػ֮Ҳػػ֮£˱ᣬŵػƱȮֺУëˣֱӷһѻ𣬰Ȯո⡣

֮Ԩ
͹߾һϤԨƵǰԨһͷſĴ죬Ҫһд澭Ķ
˭뵽Ԩ֮УȻһžɣ
Ŀģɲǽ֮ԨȥȮҪûԨͣûа½⣬ֱӾͷɹԨ
Ԩ֮ȷСľ磬һ˵ѾȫԺˡ
ɹԨȮֵؽ硣
ȮΪ֮ףν˿ڼƣȻҲ࣬ȴе֮࣬
Ȯ˳ŷĿ󼸺ﵽ˱̬ĵزĲһȮһȺս塣
ڴ½ʷϣֹܶĶңȳµģȮֹ
ڴ½İ͹Ĺ˶ԿȮֵ˵һελãĹѹǺܴģΪĹڽ壬ǳ׵׵壬Ǹһ޴в
ȻȮ˲٣ǣطҲ󣬷ɢȴǵعϡˣƴδȮ֣ȻҲ֪Ȯʲô򣬸֪δȥѰңֱߣ׼Ҹطѯ

аգ·һ޴ĳ
ǰһֱӽ˽⡣
ʯǣǳţʮɸߣǽһʯɣȥʮֺֻ꣬ǰվ׵Ȯսʿ
˶׶ߣȮӵߣŹߣǵͻŵսʿֹ磬ѾӽˣڸߴĳǰȴôС
һ˵硣
ͺͶһԽԽǿԽܵõ˵ء
վסģ
Ƹߵſڣ̾ͱ
ôСװսʿȻ裬ȮֹЩѵһɸֻ֣ЩûС޶͡
ƵģȻûС޶пļ
սʿֱӽеĳǹָ˹ϳ˷һۣú˵ֱʩչһءı仯ţҡһ䣬Ȼ賤


481 Ȯ䣡
֮䣬㳤ʮɸߣһɽڳǰȸߴĳǽҪ߳һͷ
ʱƣһ̧ۣܿЩȮ߶
Ӵ
ֹŵʿŵˣЩȮҲͬŵˣ̧ͷһһ޴Դڳǽ⣬޴۾ǣ˭ܹ
ˣˣ
ʿ겻ᣬӦ󣬸ϽƵĽ£֪ɼݵСʧˡ
Ȯֻ֣ɾĸ֣пܴﵽʮɸߣǰˣѾﵽʮɣʱɸˣҲֻɸ֣пôĲٿĴС
ʯǿ󣬵ǣĸߴȮ˵ֻǸ͵ĳУʯҲһλڳڵĳʵߣҲŹɣɸֽ١
˶սսڵأһλǿǰǳ˾⣬η壬һλǿߣ㶯һָܽǴĨ
Ƶͷһۣɢȥ֮αңҲûȮʿֱ߽˾ʯǡ
ʿսսƶϰˣ˲վɳ˾塣

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һ߽ʯǣĴϣе˶Զɢһƣһ¶ոʮɸߵľˣȻڳ⣬Ҳкܶ˿˵ġ
һλˣĸˣ
Ȯ֣ޱȳݵĹǿߵĳݺ;ηͬﵽ۷壡
ܿ죬һȺԴֵľͷΪһŻƤ£ߣɣڳڣ󻹸һȺȮʿмʦ磬ʣµģֹĴڡ
ĿƵϣɫһ䣬æ˹ƹ񣬡ʯǳɣݼǰ֪ǰ䣿
һͷڵľ磬ôҲиһٶˣȴڿǰ˵ЩЦ޽磬ǲټӣȥȣʵߣߵģȻǰ

ƵĿɣϣȴǰԼֵߵ˹һ
ԭɣɣ¶֪ɼ٣ʧԶӭˡ
ոڳУȻһλȳǽߵǿ˾ʯǣҵȮֹһЩϴĳ⣬ƻʮɸߣΪʮ֮ϱɣɸ仯СʮɸߵĳţʺȮ˽λǿߵȳǽߣǳɾĴڡ
Ǿʯǳƶɣʵ
ǣɣæͷ
Ƶ֪ʲô򣿡
ǣɣһ㶣ǰ֪ںη
һֱɽǱޣշųɽڻԵ
ɣԻȻҲϾȮֹҲвֵģٽڤڼԭϣ˵أнǰҪȥǣǿжξ룡

Ƴһ£˵ʲôһձɵ
ɣͷû˴ֱɴﵽȮǣɫǰƼݳ̰ɡ
һͷɣȥ

ɣϣƶȮһŵ˽⣬Ȯֵಿ乹ɣȮЩĹ
ȮŬ۷ľ磬Ȯֹ䣬ֱΪȮȮȮȮȮ岿ŬǳʵǿİȮ䡣
ھʯͣһҹڶһ磬Ʊ뿪˾ʯǣֱʥȮǶȥ
ȮֹȻǰ㷱Ҳûôӣ٣ĺͱɽˮѾˡ
ԭʮֹٽڤһƬư׺ռţݣһ޴ĳлм䡣
ȮֹǣʥȮǡ
ѾǴ½ȮָأȮֶ½Ǵ½ȴٷԭʵ̫Զʵ̫ѡ
ڣÿδս֮ȮһУֻ˻½һͲټ׷ˡ
Ʒ˽գһ·˴ڽ˻Ȯ䣬ֻҪȮ䣬ɵִȮˡ
·ããԭһ޼ʣżܿɽȴĿֻ֮͵ĲݵأЩɽСɽҲǱƬ̲ݸǡ
̿գƲʣգķ羰ڴ½ϵǺټӭ˱оеҲһɨա
ৣ
ڲԭеʱͻȻһƿ֮üͷһ壬ֻ·һӰԳٶ
һ̣Ʊ㽫ǶץУǰһԭһ֧
ɫɳԱȵһ֧ìˣһЩģӦʲôıǡ
ʶ·ɢȥԭ֮ϣһͻأ±ߣվżȮˣһ״󺺣һ޴ĿգҲźմ£Ҳ֪ڽкʲô
ƼˣҲ֦ǣֽгȥ
ৣ
ƿգһ׹£ֱӺǼվĶϣ˲ʱըɽʯ䣬վȣֱˤ˵ϡ
ŭˣ
ǸȮȻŭˣ̧ͷҽһͨ͵ĳ˳ȥͬһƥҰһڲԭѸıܣĴ
һ֧֧ƿ񷣬ֱ߿зеȥ
ͷһΣƻһʶĹȴǰƸǻˣǿߵǲƵģһ٣ٶơ
һֱӽ˻ԭϡ
ܿ죬Ⱥ˾ԭɽܵҰţž춯صƣƵǰ
Ǻӣڳڵľ磬ĸˣʦ磬Ǻǵ죬ƣһϳ˽䱸ͷŭ
˵ЩʲôǺȴȿ˿ڣߴ˵һѣһ䶼ûƺȮֵ
˵ʲôüͷʵǺ鼤ߣںǳ
Ǻһ£ֿˣʲôˣǻȮĵط裬ӣӦòȮ˰ɣ
һΣ˵Ǵ½ͨõĹٻȻЩ׼˵Բת
ŶԼãԣȴЩɻҪ֪Ϊ˷Ȯߣ⽫仯Ȯһߴġ
ߣ
ǺһȻ˲࣬Ҳҵ۾ȮǴϵףƿߣǲзģɸ֣ҲֻڿգգοˣôȮֻ˵㾿˭
ԭô¡
ǺӵĽͣڻȻս壬츳һƣǾ޷з裬ոԼӻԭϿշɹɾҡУ˷֣Ķв֮


482 
ԭڱΣɵȻߣҲױֵģӣҪȻôʥȮǣǻֱӾͱΧ
Ϊ仯Ȯ˵ģ޷ˣױ֮ʶơ
ĿǺӵϣƵǻһ˿ȣֻһɢޣղֻǽ˷ֱѡ
ɢޣҲ˵ˣüĶĶȥ
ӾʯǶȥҲֱӵ
ȸǻأٷ뿪ӰԵĵ
ԣɫһżŸ·ǲܸߡ
ɲ㡣
ɰԵ֪ǰվŵģһλʱȡɸְɡ
һڣ˵أ
ǾֻеˡԣĦȭƣƺƶ֡
Ȼʱи˾ʧߴ˼ʱ˶
ǺӣҲɫһ䣬ֱӶƣתһߣ˽䱸ȫһٴеģ
Ҳһ£˳ǺӵĿ⿴ȥֻԶݵصĵƽϣӰӰ´кüӰڻζ
ʶɢ̾Ϊʲô⼸˻ٴУԭһȺ򹷡
ܹʮֻǰĲʹ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֪ǲھԭЩ򹷵ͶѰĸߴ󣬵ͷͷĲ򹷣ͼܿһͷˡ
ɫëǣƨɺһĺβͣⷭˮ˳ͷڵϣһ˫Ѫȥʮֵˡ
ΪͷӦǲͲʦ۷ľ磬ûлΣЩ򹷣һɫʦ磬һɲС
Ƕ˵ǻ׺ڵһλģһ£ʨϻ˲ȺҲѡãǰʱľǲ򹷣Ϊֶӡȫǲԭϵǿ
һƬԭޱߣķޣɱķÿֻΪ¶ߣһʳǷܡ
ɱ¾ѪȣƬҰÿһ䣬ԣȮһط棬Ҳǰķ⡣
£Ⱥ˿ɵ鷳ˣ
Ƿһ˿ȣȺԭǿѸپ£ֱһԶһСɽͷϣϾĿⳡϷ
ǼȮˣȫûʱȥ˼ˣһŵ˼㣬ս⡣
ûѡܣѡӭսȮѪҺʵսʶǲȴңӣܷɵǣҲܲȺԭǿ
⼸Уֻͷĺӣﵽھ磬ʦҪԵģȴ׺ĲȺʮֻͷĺӣҲҿ϶ܵеùôĲΧ
𣬺𣡡
ŭ˷
Щ򹷵Ŀֱӣ⼸Ȯˣʮֻ򹷣ܿ㽫ǼȮ˸ΧȴûżŽͲڱţ⣬ɣƺ̽
ɱ
ǺӴһûȲȺȷ˽ֱһ
ӦҲ͵Ծһ£ܿһȻһֻ򹷾ûôˣһ˸͸ֱӶ˵ϡ
ֻ򹷶ûȥǷһŬҪѣѪŭȥޱȵĿֲ
𣡡
ȺŭˣһһȺ򹷣
ৣৣৣ
һһɱ˼ͷ򹷣ȻȺʵ̫࣬ҶǲԭϵޣŵѪζ󣬱ø׺һûʲôôǴֻȡһ󵶣ǼһȺɱһ
ν˫ȭѵ֣УǴʵЩҲֻڳڶѣһȺ׺ĲΧϣҲ޿κΡ
ȺǰΧߣʱֱȥһв͸أһצץһȮֺӵƨһǶǣ˳
ģѪȣֲ
ǳֱ˵򹷣ǲԭȺȮһȺǿֻǵùˡ
ǸͷĴ󺺣ĸȮˣʵߣͷΧƬ̱㱻ſ£ͬ͸أˣޱȵҡ
ȻȺҲ˲٣ϾͷĴ󺺿λڸ֣гӣǲ׺ҲóȻ
ݵϳǼȮ˵ʬ壬򹷵ʬ壬ѪζǹݵζŻǴ󺺻ųŽʮͷ򹷣ȴû˺벽
Ⱥ򹷣սʵֻҪ㹻СģȻܱ֤ȺȫˣԱӦûģЩòԼȥ
Ͼԭʳߺܶ࣬ǿ޸ǲ٣ЩȻǿҲֲ£һѪζĸǿʳߣǶԣ֮ͬ֡
𣡡
һȺΧǺȦһ˫˫ĺݵĶǺӣͺ񿴵һһ
ǺѾ˲ˣŵһεѪ˳ŵ򵶼⣬ĵڲݵϣδδ죬Ǻӵ񾭽˼㣬ʱŲȺͻȻϮ
ģסڻԭ֮أ˵ԭʼ˵Ѫȣ
𣡡
һʮŲһȥ
ЩһҲ湻ģһȺʦޣȻ͸ɱڸ֣ԭǿͷ治Ǹǵġ
ৣ
Ǻһɨȿ嵽ǰĲ򹷣Ȼʱ򣬺ִһףһ
ͣ
ԭǲרʹУһб׼Ĳ͸أǺӷӦ죬ûбС
ǣһ£ץұƨϣֱӽİƨⶼѪɽʮֲֿ
ҵʹҪǺӷˡ
𣡡
ĶǺһ£ֱӽצץŵһ⣬Ž׽
룬ۿŶֳԼϵ⣬һ飡
ŭɶʹ賤ֱȥȻȺȻ⣬׷·ٶսһ

ԶŲѪȵһĻưҡҡͷǿƣֻУֵĸίһЩˡ
棬ĵײϣ˶࿴һ۵ûУĻֻŬΪǿߣΪ˶ηǿߣĻֻΪ˵ʳ
һ㣬ƬĻԭϣֵʮԣȣֻ˼νȴǲģҪΪ
ǺӣҲŲ˶ˣѪƴĻǺӲһ䣬򹷳׺֮Ǻˣս½뿪ĻӦûӵõǣսȥֻ·һ


483 ڷϹ֣
ǺѾɱۣȻǲ뿪ġ
ˣ͵Ҵ󷢴ȱɣԥһ£֣ѴӲ֮ԨõǸȡ˳
ȻǺӶԼϾȮ˻ˣֻѣһȥʥȮǵ·ҪȻããԭ򣬻֪Ķȥ
һߣֱָһڵϣһƵķԽԽֱȺ򹷹˹ȥ
䣡
տʼֻĴָѸٵĹһСɽڣޱȺˣѹ֮ϵݾԵһСĹ֡
أ
Ⱥ춯ŤͷһֻһСɽ޴˹ֻ̩ɽѹư磬ܵķ׷׶ǺӼˣҲĿ¶ȻϽ
ѸٹЩûüֱӾͱѹ¡
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ʮֻûüɽһʮֻ򹷣ֱӱѹ
ǺӺʣµļʮֻ򹷣ﶼż£ҪǸոûü㿪ҲѾ
ôţ
תȥԶɽվŵƣѵ
һ޼ʣƣûˣſ϶йأ

ͬһʱ̣Ҳƣ﷢һƵĵͺ𣬿óǳķŭĹâԶԶĿƣ¶ˮδδʣҪҧɷһ
𣡡
ͺһֱӶǴ󺺣ŲȺֱڵĵطȥ
ʦڣҪεĲѾͨûʲôȻҲ֪ոһɽ˸Ĺɲжǿֻ֪˸͵Ϯô£Ǿ͸
ʣ½ʮͷ򹷣Χ˹ȥոǺӣһĻҲЩˣȺȻ˹תȥˡ
ৣ
ô޵ΧȴǲŲæһӣٹ֮߶Ӵһ磬УȺȥ
ৣৣৡ
Ѫ⣬ԭϣȺʲҽУЩ򹷲ʦ磬ǿԶٵĶԸһڳڵĸ֣ǣƵǿǰǼֱһЦ
罫ȺƷɵ˿Уһл£Ѫ⣬֮ʱѾһصʬ
һأðڵİۣڶ򹷣촦ȫҲһֻŻĲԭָ̼ƽ
һУֻһУ
ֻһУ㽫ôĲɱˣһֵһУôд⣬ûʹ
ǺѾסˣֱһ̣ʶովȻһλǿߵǰѾڹŹǰһˡ
̤ߵǺӵǰһУѴ˻ĿǺӵϣһΪȺأܼôã㲻ʲô֣
ңңȮɽ꣡Ǻ£ЩİͣһŵĿƣ㣬֣
Ʋÿɷֻǹʦѣ֮ǰȥȮǰݷá
ʦһ㶡
Ƶ˵ͷûȮֵĹʦ򡣡
ԭʦ
ȻǽŽɣûзɾ裬˵ó֣֤ȮֻЩ˽ġ
ովңҲΪˣ߰ɣֱǱߣܵˡָ˸
⻰˵ƾԶԣһﻹ˵ΪԼģΪԼô
ȴԾŵǰŰһڷɽסŸڷϹ֣ʵǿǺɽ䶼ɵ֣ñܿ㣬Ҫȥǡ
ڷϹ֣ʲôͷԣɻʵ
䣬ȴɫˣüѿ
ˣˣ
촽ţĿİͰ͵³Ҳ֪ǲʧѪ࣬ȽŶ
ƻͷȥҲһ˿ȣԶʣһ޴ĺӰڿٵӽ
ϸһԭһֻӥǺӥֻ޴󣬼ֱţ˫չҲжʮɣһĴ򣬿νգٶȿļ๣Ϧűĺ⣬ëµצ˵
һ˫ӣĶ²ԭͺһλѲԼء
ô񣡡
һӦƻΪԸĸ֣һ룬Ѿôǿߣ֮槼һʱҲڳԸͷӥӦƬԭϵɢˡ
ǺڷϹ֣
ͷӥӽƻͷѯʺ꣬Ȼȴ˺Ӱӣͷһ
ʬɪɪ
죬£ˣƻմţ꼱æ
£ЩȻˡ
꼱ڷϹи񱣬ֻҪĵطӭҪȻǶĲܵпĳͷ
ǣ
ԣȴˣһ񱣬ͲʲôûӭڷϹΪԼô
꣬ոȺǵʱ򣬻ôսⲪ飬Ȼӥһ֣Ȼ¶̬ʵ˴۾
ģЩϷɵ񣡡Ƶһ䣬Ҫë¹Ǽֱǳ˵Ρ
ౣ
һӥণ쳹񷣬˶Ĥѡ
߿֮ϣǺڷϹȻƣ࣬ȻԼǰվֱǶԼϵĮӡ
Ŀ⣬տƣһӥণвͷŭ֮⡣
ߣ
һôһëǰͷһУС
ҵ죬һˣƴֱָ񷣬Ѿɵˡ
ȻҶźڷϹֱǲҪˣ굨ѣɾҪֹҲֹ
ɣòƺӣǸʱɣܰѺڷϹָˣǺɽ䣬ɾҪˡ
ֻǣɣǸºͺڷϹֶԿôſڵϣһҶͷ̧һ£±꼰˳㡣
ݣ
ңһƿնȥֱ񷡣
ౣ
һŭӥণƵΪȻǳ׼ŭ˾ӥӥ͵һ³򣬴һ磬ֱӾͽ֧ķɣӰ١
ʵ̫ˣͷӥɻԼĹҡҡͷֱӽӵһߡ
ಣ
ŭľӥֱƸʱΪһߣվƲԶ
ӥǣüͺ
СӣӲСʲôͷ
ڷϹšüͷƣ˵ʱЩҧгݣƬԭݺ꣬⻹ͷһ˸ϣһˡ
ǺڷϹ֣ƵĿˣɳ۷壬ҲѾԶˣƬԭϣвٸֵģȮֵĵ̡


484 ɣ
ߣڷϹһڣϹ¸ɵǸɻɴ󷢴ȱһ
ʮֵţӸµĿǣȫûнƷ
껹û˵ڷϹ֣ȷϲ˸¹ֹ񱣬ᡣ
δ̫ˣشǿǿ֣˵ɱ֮ġƵһЦ֪ģֱë
ˣ
ڷϹԴŭⷽԲǧûе֣ڵȮɽ䣬Ҫ֣ڸ߸ϣĻȻǱëܲŭ
ŭһڷϹֺһչΪһڹ⣬ֱ˹ȥҪƣһɫÿ
䣡
ƺʾֱһȭӭȥȭͷϵͱ죬쳣ֲ
ҵռ伤ǿĳݵصĵƤһƬڷֶһȭƺһڷϹȴʮɡ
ȭ΢΢ķһƬںڣеͱϣͲƵĶ֡
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ٶ֮죬ΣΧӿѸپһɫֱӽΧ֮С
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ŰĿ磬ϵݾ춼ǣķֱзɳֱƣҪ١
վڷ֮Уȴûаη壬ŶԷ֮ĸ֪һƬ̹⣬ײ棬̾ѩڻһ㣬˲ʧΣǷٴ󣬷ǿƶǿȻ
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أ
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ǺڷϹ֣ڷϹ־ĿǰǿУȻûõƣ˴ҵ
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ӭ𣬺ڷϹһߣӴŹ⻪һ̹Ƴһ磬ȥ
˲䣬ɢ壬ֻ̲ݣĴӿ׹䡣

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ΧһΣûзУΧǿӲͣתԽתԽ죬γһѸγһֲУһӴдֱƵϡ
֮ʮֺˣһ鳬ǿĴϵݣʬ壬ѸٱУǼʳ촷ۡ
ƣҲǿֲпеʵ̫̼֮ıܵʹС࣬ǿǰվסΡ
ӵ죬Ȼ֮ܽٿصĵزҲܲٿطȻûôԵ֮£Աûġ
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485 飡
·紵죬վڷϣȻɺڷϹδ߶ӣûƷֺ

ڷϹִڴڵĴŴȻ߶ӺǷԼĴУȻҲЧڷϹֳ׵Ŀֻˡ
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һ̧֣ҲһӭȥֱӽǷ漴һָһɫĵ˲ûۡ
أ
ڷϹ˲䱻ɣҲѸٵͣ

ڷϹקǿӣһ׮ӿƣ˾ĺ⣬֪˲ǵˡ
˹ȥϷʵĵʲôô
ڷ֣Ʋı뵽ӥüĪľһ󣬼֮ڷҲһţֻúõĽѵѵ
ǿɱжƸƽˣʲôֶΣ
ڷϹ˵ͷĿһת˲Զϡ
ಣ
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ĻƻȥЪϢһҹ˵ԶԶ˵ȴֲƲٷˣЩȮǵĺá

ԣҲٶ˵һҹ·Сģ뵽ǿƬԭߣûʲôܹвɣ
ָ˸򣬿ƵıӰӵƽʧͷһƬƵĻҽû˻ţǿĻԭڷϹ֣Ȼɣңʬ޴档
ֱڣ궼ЩŸովһС

ҹĻԭҹɫ񾲣ҲΣķҹǸʳ߳ûʱΣƽĻԭ˵Σ
һԣץֻҰÿ˳ԣƳȳȵ͵ڻϣ͵죬˵Ű˷ͣ޶Χ죬һţûһֻʳ
飡
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486 ֵ
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487 ʥȮǣ
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ƿЦҡҡͷһ߳ȣһŲԭҹ̧ͷʵҹգһ泩˲١

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ʶй֮ǰڻȮ壬ɽڽûѡУͨʿǻЩǱֿǲŸ߱ˣԼܿϸô
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488 ʥۣ
ץӣʩչӡȵǣҪļӺС
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ϢһʱӦûҪ񵨣ץУĻһϢȮֱؽ𶯣ʱٳ֣͸׵ˡ
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ԱЩ֣̿кǰˣǴﵽɾĴڣΪ֮ǰʱɶߣڣȴͨ˲˶٣Ȯֻ֣ɾ仯ĴС
ƵҸմ֮²˽⣬ǣݷüλѣ֪λʦסںδ
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ȮֶԣΪ֮ףȻʮۺģڴ½˹֮У¾ǶܶóóȻǡ
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ѧȺ󣬴Ϊȣڴ֮ǰҲСڲڲҡҡͷֱ⣬㣬ȥ񵨸

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ֶι죬Ҳ֪Сʲô䷨ʣȥȡҺðγˡƵ
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ҡҡͷӦò˼հɡ
㣬̽Ҫȥٻءƶһ仰ն޻תء


489 Ϣ
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ԣȻԵЩΪѣ̹תҴȥ
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ȻֻһԸĲ²ѣѹû롣

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һһϡҲˣòҵ˲ȴѾˣָоǼꡣ
ʥ˵Ϊ㣬ʦͲòƽԴˣû֣СľǶˣ鷳ɾʹˡ
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490 
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˼ǲ򣬶ʲôʱ򣡵ȼòɿѷʤʱʱǿƽ룬Сʧ棬ǵѡ
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ˣͷΪȻһ˵һĹôϢӲйϸΪʲôһͻȻҪ˵أ
˶˶٣ɷɢѾãôˣָϹŰݻ̵˼ֻΪݻ̽λãɶһǰһӣĻ壬ܲٿ֮ߣֱˣɵʥҲǳ׺ͣһϰݻ֮̽λ˵׵ĵӣȻʸߣҲŻʦ磬εºܰһ˵
˲ΪȻҡҡͷȻʵߣǱ֪Ϊʲôݻֱ̻ôΪһһĹҲûһͬʱٿʥ𣬶ʱ׵ĳ֣ø¸ϵ


491 ɱĴʹ
ˣҲ÷սɣδһһվģ˵
˵Ҫ׳ΪĹ͵ںʥ𣬶У̵̵̵⣬ȱ˵ػ̵ĵۻ͹̵ڤǻ𣬵ۻҲˣλ̫ϳϺģҲܽҳΨ̵ڤǻȴǼѰ٣һʥֻʬɽѪȥѰңҪѻɽԼĺǣпƳֻ½һƬ̫ƽȥѰôʬȥ
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һ㶣˶ݹ⣬䵽·ԭϣ˳ʶ֮ƣĿڲԭҿ
㿴һˣָһ
˺ʣһ̧ۿȥֻϷܿؾ޴ͷ­Ƭ̣߳һ޴Ӱ

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ҵ˻ʹߣսҲնʹ㲻ɱǡ˼ߵĴȵ
СҺΣ
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˴󺧣æˣ㿪Ȼλ˾ûôˣñŬһУͬһ򣬷ȥʱûӰӣҲ֪Ŭһߵʲôطȥˡ

£һˣһֱӱ߷ɣ֪ʶˡ
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㣬㵽ʲôˣˣľѣ˿ϰͼıضǲ뿪ˡ
ҡҡͷ㲻֪˭ֻ֪мֵˣѡɣҲΪ㡣
ߣ̣û湻ģĺȮսֱΡŭһ̯һųɫĻȻ֮лԾš

ʥ𣬺ʹв⣬ԶǷɱȡ
֮ǰ̫ɽһսƱѾԹֻİȻ֪ģشں˸Ϊ߼ĵػ𣬺ӵȴȫûбˡ
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˴󺧣ػǻĹػʧѾõʥ𣬴˻صصףڻģλɺڵ̫ϳϺһ̽Ѱػʥʥ֮Уеڶ֮ڻĶûһ˲ٿصػôһˡ
ȥɣƶ˵ƽƣĵػֱӱ˷ȥ
˺ȻҲеơ


492 ʦķŭ
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ȻۻȺͶԻĲٿҪɾƲ˺ܶࡣ
죬ĻըѣѸ𣬶ػȴֱӱ˺˷ȥ
˸ֱУ˲䣬㱻û˻֮С
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Ƭ̣˳׻ΪҽӴʧ
ȻרҵģҪȵػϺ˵ľ籾͵ͣƵĲ͸Զˡ
һӻȴ˻ϣǿɱ
һУȼյĻѸɻУΪһѸʧ
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ڿն𣬼𽣹⣬ѸٴӲԭʧ
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ݴԼһɫӰ˶ѵãĿ˿ܣͻȻʲôֲ£̴ӲݵײײʧҹĻ֮С

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һȮ֮У˵˳ûж׵İʥرƭ
ص֮û˿ֱͣӱ̫ҽȥ
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ϣСڳ˯ţƿ˿ϢƽȣתŻеѯʲ顣
е˹ģͽϢƽȣʱûд󰭡
Իе֮ܣɱסСµֻ˲ʮգˣȻûд󰭵ġ
ˣЩģһȡľУŻеҴȮʥȡģƴ˿ǲ᪻񵨡е˫ֽӹСĴľС
ûǴ
е˿¶ϲȻֶͨ죬ȻҲȡ
ƵȻһЦûж˵ֱӵ񵨣ܾͽô
ܣȻܣ
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̣ӣֱһ˿ûее񵨣еŽջأ֮ķŻľ֮С
ڿԻͽˡе
ԣǰСС䣬ѡ
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ѡС˷Ӧƶʱһϲ
һСӦ˫ۣ㯵ƿ˿ʦأ

⺢ӣһ
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˻еĻƷģСߣǻؼ˯ȥ
СһʦҶˡ
ؼңʦ˸óԵġƵ
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˵ţеװ᪻񵨵ľзŵƵУҽպá
Ҳû˵᪻񵨣еݱ𣬱С뿪̫ҽ

ʥȮǣʥۡ
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һ죬һ޴Ĵɱ˵ϣһء
شվţϳ˲ţð죬Ŷǰĵʵ˵Ŀģ
ǵսսæԾʵʦǴĹǴϢԲм٣ʮǰʦѾǣλʦڣû⣬ʬ޴档
ôܣǰղżʦ尡ϳ˲졣
ǵԣʦ𣬵ԾԲм٣ʦȷˣʦĪǱ˿ӣ
⣡᪻񵨣
ԣʹһĴȣҲʶ˲Ծչһ˻ֱҪ᪻񵨣ʱѾЩԾ׼ңѾ׼ãȴˡ
żնûظɣֻԷʦ壬ңӣϲܣҲûж룬ڵõڰǰѾ˵ϢؾٴҲ÷Ӧˡ
ˣ벻ǹĿֻһƭ᪻񵨣˾ȻԼƤӣԵĸְ
뵽ԼȻ᪻񵨹ˣŭգ̳˴ʥڵȥ

ˣ
һŭȣʥۣӰӳţڰա
ݼʦ
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·ڣֱӹڵأǸ߸ϵ˳޵ĳ羴
ˣһ׷Ϲһ޴ӣüۣһһϹһԾ޴ĶŨüۣȥʮֵϡ
ߣȮֹʦ˳ȮֹʦʸվȮֹȨ۷ˣ˳ɺڵľ磬ʸڣɺڽһ֮ң


493 ໥
ǰ˵ȮһʵΪ磬λʦĵλѾﵽ˽ĵزȮ˿˵ԹʦޱȵĳݣδʱƹضвĤ֮
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һ޴ӡش󺧣ȴҶһơ
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һ죬ϳһʮɿӡҳӡ֮УŻѪֹѾˡ
ΧһƬΣ
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ʸ磬ܸоѾˣܵʵɱģ²ʲô֮
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494 ڣ
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Ȼ˹Ҳʧأƽ̯Ҳ㲻ʲôؼǣһս½ʱİֵã

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شȥĶ
İɣ
ĹеԼ˳ȥתתȨˣ˳㿴Լܲܰʲôæ
Ͼһսչ֮ʱƻţȴսʱҲȥսȴû뵽ȱչسսѾ

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ȣÿһκоβȣͨ˵ºȥƽĶۣЩһҲǹġ


495 ף
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СѣСģӴѡ
΢΢ףǿӼ


496 Ѱҵ飡
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ûпĻɫӣһǵ飬ǵеĻ顣
ôðɣһֻǳһ⣬ɢɢģȫû뵽ȻջȻں˵ػ𣬵ǣػ֮ϻ֮»ڤǻ
ܲٿصػ𣬲ܲٿ棬øոʩչ˵Ҳֻ÷֮ȥԸͲһˣǻԱԴᣬ̺Ż֣֮˵һл涼ܲٿء
ĿѾսϣƻعζף֮ܲٿʥ𣬿¾ںŵԵʰɣ
ͷȴǱԼˣңԼѪһ⣬ҪȻŵ黹֪ʲô³
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ɶѾɢʵȴûʲôвҲûʲôģطҴˡ

ӶߺڻĹ˰գֱӵת⣬Ķȥ
Ȼ֪ˮ䣬м߿ŵ˼ȻҪȥһ˵ģ˳ҳľѯľ䣬ܴӱ˳õŵ飬ɾֻʣһŽ飬ӦþҪ׶ˡ
һˣֻ˵
ĵش½֮УֵľǱģصҲǱİپʮģ̯ô£ȮҲʧأҲصıΪǿˡ
һԿ϶ĵʵ϶ڻģ
ӻȥģҪ͹˳ȥһ˳ľկ
ˣ겻СľǰһϵƵʶ
ǰ˴ǰһѯƵȻһЦųľʵ
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ƶ˵һӸǰŵ飡
ǰʶôƵ
ľ컯벻Ȼҵš
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飿ţҲСľ
ƵѾҵŵ飬ϻĿţɷŵͣҵĹ˲٣ԣѰĿţѾ֪ˮ׶䣬ʣľ飬֪٣ǰľ֮棬ұѯѯʣǰǰӦ֪ľŶԡ


497 
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˶٣ľŵ߿ŵ飬֪ţڵϣһˣ飬ȥڤѰң
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۾һ벻ľȻ䡣
ľڤףһȪʮǰħսսöȪ½ħģȾ켲νͿ̿ʱũ֤һڻѩũ֤֮׸ڤףס˱ڤȪѹȪ֮ǽ飡
ԭˣ
ͷľȻѧһ߿ŵֻʣһľˡ
ľҪȥȡ飬һ滻У򣬶ȪʧѹһֽͿ̿
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ѹ֮ʥƷУľһ䣬ŵľô
˵ţľ˶٣һ̣ľӴȻһ£һɫľƵǰ
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û˵꣬ľϣܷã߰ɣ
˶٣Ҳûļ̌ͷųľǰʱ֤
˵ľ̾˿
Ƶǰľһɾʥֻǳˡ
ϣɣľɲɣ
лǰͱ֮ձϵرƵ
⻰ҿǸסˣߵҵǰ棬ɵûһѲСľЦ
Ժ˺ľɶҪ֤ˣԼֻǸССɣʮǧߵǰ档

Ķλɺڵĸ֣Ŀ϶ҲȥƣҸطں˻ľȥɣʱȡˮİҲЩ
űĽԺﴫֵ
ˣһ֪ҪãȰѼӶŪ˵ƻص
ԸСģڵʵǺǿɺһսɱС¸֡ѵ
İɣȥ󣡡
£٣Ʋ񷣬Ŷȥ

ģӴ½ΪʪĻ֮ĻҪӡ
ĶĵطȴǸ֮£ޱ޼ʵһȻϣڣĸͲõĹ
ıģѾ˶ʵѾ̽壡
DȣУԶ˱ĵؽ磬ǰһƬãã
ƣŢ󣬼ĿԶֻܿããʲôޣǱ֮Уȥޱء
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᪻ڣҲһ·ֱУĸأĵĵطɲһĴ󣬶ããһƬѱ巽λ
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Ҹɢʣһʶɢ˳ȥ
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з֣ϷԶһСɽɽһϢڣӦһλɢޡ
Ƿһ˿ȣƵת⣬ֱ϶ȥ

һСɽɽƣڰɽһɽ顮θ֡
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֪
ѹûʲô³˦˦ֱ֣תɽҪʯš
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Ĺ˵ȫЧôҲڵǿߣܱһ˵ţȫıг½ûմ
ѹӼˣʶߵ壬Ͻͷɽ
ˣϣһץס˵ļ򣬵׵֮ȥ˲̱
ѹӴҲû֮ǰš
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ǣģȻôƮݵ֣һ䣬סĶΪθҲǸʿģƢȴ㶼š
֪ʲôطôֱ⡣
ַ֪æͷƣҪȥ󣿡
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Զ൱Զ󻹸󡣡ַæ
ˣȥ
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498 
ɣôԶңǵط˶֮ΨֲСĲȥַɥ
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ȥȥȥַŵûһϽͷӦ
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òףҵһ·ģֱӴַ壬ַָ·һ·Խֱȥ
֮Դַ壬ȫΪƲһһԼָԼԩ·ɾɵˡ
ڣưַߣһǲڲƭԼġ
СţַģһٶȣаգǰһƬơ
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һȴ·ֻһͷ󺺣·ɫ磬ݣײУĺ⣬һ֪ǳⳤġ

ͷҲûأֱһ̺ȥ
أ
һ˻ţǴȥڲѡ
䣡
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⿹Ҳ̫Щƻÿ·ôˣ᪻ȡ˳ַͷϹ˼£һ˿˿ܿ죬ַƵת˹
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Զôֱʵ
ԶԶǰٶȣаգӦþ͵ˣַ
ߣ
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ԶԶģһƬƲ˸ԼԼ죬˶Ĥһ׹£飬͵֮䣬γһƬױȵʢ
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ˣ˵㻹ôȥһطڿ뿪ҴٰץҲС

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ַŴͣһ̣ǶͶأһλԵĸְ

ϴ٣Ƕ׵֮ЩССǵصǿֵܵס׵Ҳʹ̥ɣ޷ʲô˺ֻǸоͷƤ飬
Ƭ򲢲ܴҲͼʮ﷽ԲƳһ£׵ûʲô˺֮󣬱˳ڱԵ޺
˵һÿһʱ䣬飬ֻȺ򣬵˵
Ҳ֪жǿʵԼôóȻĴȥһɲǿɾ鷳ˡ
ʶƬеһһ
ҹĻ٣
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ȴãҲƬʵأڵϣĿ񣬴
Ǹѹַ壬ܿƣȴ߿ĵطıԵո˵󣬵ȴǲðյģǿֲһϣǵʬ޴档
ҹԽԽʱܿ쵽˺ҹǲˡ
ƴ˸ȴѡ
̧ͷȥƾ㵵ķ֣֪ʱѾ֮Уͷϵܲһ׵ܼ£ʱֲ
ȻĪˣôһ£
ƴ㵣ϸһŷ˶ߣԭԼˣˣԵ˽ȥ


499 飡
ķΧôͻȻˣңҲ˺ö࣡
أ
֮䣬һХ
пһ£Ѳˡ
ʱվһ˫۶ڤȥϲ־
һɫľ֮УƬ磬ͺԡ㣬ʮֵ⣬Ӵϰףȥ
ݣη

Ȼ׼ɱǰ𺳵ˡ
ԣ
ϸһͷѾһǣʲôѾˡ
Σ֮·껯ǧ껯ԣ껯
·٣Ϊ·ѣ϶Ǻѡˣһ죬ΪޱǿĴڡ
ǿ൱񾳽ǿڣеļƷʵǿ׼ʥ
ԣȴҪһΣʵ൱ɣǰԣѾ׼ˣ۾磬Ѿﵽɾ۷塣
ʱǿѾˣ벻Ȼһԡ
Ѿ˫ǣһֻҪצܳΪˡ
𣡡
𾪲ѵʱдһƬ󶼱ӵܼӵŰ
ޱ֮УХһŴſϹ˸һ˶ӣӾԵﻺ˳
ڰգʱϣӿٵתǺһ׵Ѹٵӻۡ
飡
۾һȻӾ޴ޱȣǣƿԶ϶ǿӾ߿ŵе飡
ϾǼŵ鶼仯Сģ
أ
䣬ֻ֮дһҺ춯ء
ۿȥֻԱޱߵŤȥƺڳʲô޴ʹ࣬ϺɫƬͣ°䣬¶ոµĺƤ
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໣
Ա໽УڻֻƤȻʹ࣬ǿͷͣ´Ƭ׹⣬Ե
ڳãһɱʱٶ֣ɾͳˣ
֪ʧȡɽʹ˸صͨΪһλʮɸߵĲˣŢð꣬һǰȥ
ȣ
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أ
۾дطû˸Ͱݹˣϵ˻͵Ϯֱӱһͷ˸š
ҺһԵԣ꾭׵νǿ֮һȻֻϿ˸ӡ
Ҫ֪ʹÿǿɽ֪Եǿᵽʲôز
ǿʧȥУֱ׹ֿ죬һ̣ǿž޴鳭С
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أ
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ƸͷһӣԵϡ
ԱɣҲײײķ˺Զ
𣡡
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أ
ռ䶼Ťϵƶƿôһ˲һգƿһοԵϣԲҺһ
һΣˣ
Ƴһ̧һֱۣƤ罹ˣޱȵʹ
絽Եǰһ˫ŭĿֱƣ﷢죬óĺܷŭ
ԣŵдã֮٣ʵΣҲУˣǷһ׮ձذٱƶԵ
ԣȻûлΣǣƿԿ϶ԣϾ껯ǧˡ
ʴȵģ޽磬ɱ˶ᱦģϾǸǿΪûзԼ磬οԷһͷޣǱˣɱҲɱˣ˼ұϾûԼԼ˼ңԱϾôãҲʲôض񼫵ˣҪɱЩ
һҪߵģѡǷһ׮ˣԺϣԸԸ⣬׮ǽˡ


500 ѩɽ
ֻԱҪģôһ㣬Ҳˮˣ׮ǽˣ뻹׮ȴ֪жѡ
ȻҲûа취ǱҪõֵģѾ֣;޿ٸԻȥĵ
鱻֮֮е׵Լ˲٣Ҳ࣬׵ҲѸٵıС
ɢȥ֮ûٶ˵һ仰ֱתȥԸս
أ
̺Ե޷ŭ
ϡû׷϶Ҳ֪˵ѾƵĶ֡

󣬴ɣ㣬̫ǿˡ⣬ַ忴ѾǺϲ£죬˵״
Ϊȣ뿪ҲץԣһֱȺַǰͲƻ֮еģĻͿػˡ
ǣԸΥոһĻʵ̫ˣˣ֮УսԣǴĿģӡԺ֮С
˵ַѾͶأȻԶſˣʵʵƽδ
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СĵȻַ֪æͷֻǣСĿǰոյսǰӦȮ˰ɣ֪ǰȥʲô
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ַԣٶԣǵƷŭһãɱĹͷûӲ

ͷһģͲʶ·Ƭһ޼ʣʱֲҵȥ
˵չʾ߿ŵ֮һˮ飬鵽ˣȻҪȥѰŵˡ
һ飬ԣ㻯󣬵жôǿ
˳õ֮Ѿľˣʣ¾ֻˮͽ飬ӣƶѾ֪䣬бҪ伯룬ʱںߴԴͻ񾳽ҲǲԶ
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СҰַŸطҪǣֻнЩɽϣѩɽĹɽǲ󣬵߽ͻ֣ᷢɽϽһ㶼ȺҵĳС
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ҡҡͷǱѰˮԵ飬£ҪСССģ˹ĵսոսѾǾһսˡ
ҪƺȻомϢڳѸٽӽʶ̽Щ㵡
Уһˣڸ̧֣ӣǰ󣬻ˣųܴ
ʱƻΪʲôĵĹ壬ʶ֮̽󣬷ŷ֣ɽ֮УȻиˡ
ڻ꣬ڻ꣡
겻ڻʵȴǼѾﵽھ磬ǲԶ
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һһߣɳڣƺǶƵʶ̽Щ죬Ҳֻǲһ£ƻЩ࣬ҲֻܲЩѣѰ٣ȴû˰м
ôˣˣЩɻ󣬿żƣѩɽȥģѲɣͱʲô£
ɶʹ˸һˣɳڵĸ֣˶Ϊǡ


501 ͣ
һȺ·һݣֱӷɵڻӵĶϣ
ף
ĸ̧εڸ֣Ȼоһʱһ
ڻƿ˽ôˣ
ûʲôǰǴѩɽˡһη̵
ڻˣҲûж룬̧ͷǰĴѩɽȥǷһ˿ȣǴѩɽôȻ񹤣ٶȿЩ
ǣ


ڻһУַ˰ʱѩɽۣ֮ڳڣسǵĳǰ֪ڻһеݣ̷С
нһƬܿѩЩݣֱñѩȥʮֵǴͯĳС
һҴջǰͣ˽Σڻҿߵӵǰ벻֮УһƬڡ
΢΢ףתɸ֣ҹڿջЪһҹȥɣ
ȫƾ΢΢
ԭɭɭӣǹ֮
ƺûйȴΪӥüŴҹԼ鷳˷ַʽȴ̲ס࿴һۡ
һ˺ƺƵĽ˿ջƴӽζƮȻ£˸ֳֽΣҡһ䣬ѹַģҲں˿ջ
ģ̫ªջϰصػ࿴һۣưһϷ
ԭ˹ĿͷһûôãϷ·Ҳ˶٣Ͼ٣طж
ڻһ˽ֻŪĵĿģ뷿䣬ƱʶջѰҵڻ齵ķ䡣
ҹڻһ˶Ի˷Ψڻһʶ̸ֻ̽ȴ̸֪ʲôʶ̽ȥֻͽκΡ
һ䷿ɳڵĸ֣ڴϣĿ
ʱ뿪˷䣬Ŀһģڻģɸֵķȥ

˭һţ㴫ɸֵѯ
ңڻ꣡ѧڻǻƵ
ſǺɻ󣬡ôˣҹĳ£
˵ţ˽ȥ
Ų߽ź˵лҪת
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ѸһָǺ˸ӦֱӱǰѨʱԭء
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˴㵣΢΢˵ͷȻûл
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ʲôʲôһѶס˺˵Ĳӣһ˶ʱϢ
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ܿ죬ŶүΪ
ܿţĹسʮֵĻʿأ⼸꣬ĸոձ˹Ƹ⵱ڹͼɲˡ
˵ƾǰ·̽ʵģ˴ιףư´ȥͱ˹Ȼʱľƣʵ̫УĻ֮£¿ˡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ˵ŮϢŭ
ү˵ɡֱܿʵ
Ƶʵĳ˴ѩɽΪȡһǱŮǿˮ顣
ܿһüͷһӾүˮұĴ֮ҿ㻹Ǵ뷨ɣ
ѹճ֮ʱƻˮ飬ȴԭǸʱƾѾˮ⣬ʱԼҪǰˮóǰλѾֿ˰ɣ
ܿɫԵʮֵĲÿ
ŮϢŭƹ˹֣ǰ߽һˮĳ˵ҪŮҪſϽˮңܿɡ
Ѿ˵ˮұĴ֮ѩɽµرܸˣүذɡܿ
⣡
û뵽̬ܿȾȻôļǼˣòˮ飬ѽһҲͲԲ
ʱϕܿ䣬ĸʣүкλ˵ˮʲôô١
Щ⣬û뵽ϕȻԼ˵ɵöŮͶȥһмЦݡ
ϕƶһۣȴͷ
ܿˣǿѹסһ˿ƵǱү˵˵ˮкãΪʲô˵ˮҪ
ˣһ£һŲͬɫ˳Ưǰ
ܿˣǳĲ죬Ըоӳֵɲǣǿˮ
ǣܿĿǰӡ
Ƶҳ֮Ϊ飬ؼ乲߿ţţ˻ԵɺռΪľ飬ȱˮ鷽Բ䣬Ѿ˽⣬ʣΨˮˣˮԵĵ飬ûв´ĻӦþŮǿˮˡ
ܿһȴǱƵĻסˣβŵ˵ӣ뱾ˮһ
һҲһǵ˵ͷҡҡͷ߿ţÿһŶ̺һֵܲٿزͬԵĳֻʣһˮ飬ɵԲŮȫ
˵ţƹ°ݣ
ܿԭأ˵ĻЩš
Ůȫܿ㶣æٰ˰ݣ˼ֱ
ĸʣϕҲϽܿ
ܿعĿƵϣˮʮģ֣ƾںڵľ磬ɳڣڸһս˵ģ˾Ȼռŵ飬ȸԵֱ
Ѳɣɽ˵ʥͣ
ܿˡ
Ʋ֪ܿʲôֻܿϣֵֻҪŮϳȫʲôҪ󣬾ܿڣĳģһΪŮչɣӿȪ౨
ĬƬ̣ܿڵ·Ǳһܾˮ˴ѩɽµرǷܸ㣬ʹѩɽ˵
Ŷ֪ѩɽǺεʵֹһδܿᵽ֣Ʋʮֵĺ档
ܿѩɽ񣬱ҽѩɽ

һͣһѩɽôʣѩɽҲγʶǿʶ
Ȼȥɣѯʹѩɽ֮𸴡ʱܿ
Ҳڶ˵˵ǵô֮󣬱ȥ
ΣܿջĿ⣬ĹȻô棬˵δһɺڶԶˡ
ܿˮڵĸ֣ҲϰǣոƵʱȴǸоʮǿвƴԿ϶ԼʤԲһɡ
ֱȥܿŰ˿

תȴϕһģ̲ܿסһ
ĸʣϕعɻĿܿ
ܿĸȥѩɽһ⡣
ϕˣɫǣѩʦ˵һȥģ
ܲôˣ¹شĸд£Ҫλ֮ѯɽ񣡡ܿһ仰ϕ뿪

գﶼûټܿǵ峿˸ˣƽڻ궼ޱȵĲ죬ôһˣⲻô
Ժͤֹܿվĸ̫š
ĸ̫ŶһĴСȥͬϡһԿ϶ǵ;ԲСˣΪĸ̫ţɺڵĴڡ
ѩɽĴףšáѩʦŷ绨ѩ֮ƣ˱ʵǿλҲߵĸˡ


507 ĸ
ܿһһ˽ܣҲһһ񣬷绨ѩɣҲϸĴơ
ӲͷƤܿżƣܿĸְĸ̫ţĻмʤ㣬ȺŹǾ׶༪ˡ
λɺڵĸ֣ʵȷǲڵĻģԶʤģȻλɺڵ̫ϳϣȴɣĺһҲֱӵձƣȴǲͬȻֻλɺڵĸ֣ȴͬһλɺڸšһʵκСꡣ
ĿܿϣЩ֪ܿʲô˼ѲɣԼŭԼ
ѵʱܿˣү֮£λѾѯʹѩɽ񡣡
Ŷһ˶䣬ɽλӦ
ܿ˶٣ˮɽ£ұҴ֮ɽ˵Ը㣬ǣôӦĸ
Ů˵
ʵ˵ĸʮֻҪܰˮõ֣ԥĴӦ
ܿû˵תĸ̫š
ȿڵһҴѩɽû½֮⣬Ҫ֤½˹ҹ
ˣ²ø˵ɣĳҲܲ˰˹֮£ǣĳԱ֤˹ַģĳȫֹ
ֻǸĹˣ˵ĻĻʻȥһ䣬ǣңǺƵˣԣû취κ³ŵ˽⣬˹ս£ֻҪûж֮ģŰ˹Ҳüͷ
ԣһۣŵү仰ҲУ˹ҹҪү档
ƵͷҲ˵½˹ֱģõĳˣĳص
лŶƹ˹֡
ǵڶأʵ
ʱÿˣڶһֻǣүֻ֣ȡ
һȴƣǱǴ׼֮ǰܿܿգôֽԼȥȡˣ
ܿұ˳ѩɽѩɽǵǵͼڣһѩɽɱǲʶҪĻۣȡѩɽǣѾǷұĴɣԣѩɽʾ£æֻȡأҵΪѰһɽޡ
ѣ
ҲûٶʣֱӾʹӦܿѾû˺͹׵˼αźףܿﲻñ񣬱УԲһ¡
˹µݣߣ˵ƭҲûޣϾǴѩɽǹƵʵǳﲻٵģֻҪջתһȦܰѱǸ
˵֮ѩʦֵүչ֮ѩɽһˣʱ˵
һһ£ȴӦǸһſհ֧Ʊ
ڵĸɽһӸˣˮܸ㡣
ǰɣȷɽ¶˹Źֵı飬Щ궼æöЩˡ
΢΢ס
ɨһȦ˶ĿƵĿԼڣ̣ϣ˭
ɽܿ
ɽɽʲôطĹˣЩ˿Ǹɽƿǳ˺档
ܿҡҡͷѾ˵ѩɽҽµĴѩɽ޴ڣֻҪ
һ͡
ƣɣʱԺﴫֵõҪض⣬ѩɽѩɽɾȻʵߣǣȴҪľϣӵϵǻۡ
ȳľϣľǳԽ̫ŵĴڣľʱֵûдˣҪ涼ϣһѩɽȴȳľϣҲبŵĴڡ
ʵľʶȻѣҲ㲻ϷǳѣϾľһɽ˵һĽ壬ҪʶǿɱȲľ֮ҪѸʱ䣬¡
˵ѩɽȳľϣǲţһɽؼͦ꣬ǧ꣬꣬Ϊ棬ΪһΡ
ֻǣѩɽĪԼ֪ʲôͼ
ֵĻƳһ£ܿ˵ͷѾȡ˳ͤߵ÷Ժеͤϯ
һߴ壬һڱߡ
һʱҲʲô룬Ӽȡһ


508 ˮ鵽֣
ӣü֮أһعȵλֲԣֹȣɡ
ѩԵ
һ仰˫ĹݣС٣ѣ׷졣
ৣ
𣬿ռһ󲨶㱼䣬ΧѾĻƺֶࡣ
The snow glows white on the mountain tonight
Not a footprint to be seen
A kingdom of isolation

͵𣬾һƬƬѩķգޱȵö
Ȼڳʲôǣһ˲䣬˶סˡ
ûһӢĸСlet it go꣬ƻڵϵʱȫӳOK桶ѩԵ׸裬ùӰԺɳlet it go˵86˹ԭ֪׸жôġ
ȫֹ磬壬ֻҪǲסĸʣҲܼסɣƿƬѩأԺﲻľ͸׸ɡ
ʱô꣬ƵԺû˿ĵȥ
Let it go
Let it go
Cant hold you back anymore
Let it go
Let it go
Turn my back and slam the door

ͷһ糪Ӣĸǣ˵ֲֹ磬壬ԣ
ܿ񣬲֪ʱϾ۹ƬƣƮ˶ëѩƵѩԽԽ
̧ܿͷѩ̲סȥӣϲģѾܾû¹ôѩˡ
ڱ˵ѩǼףѩɽЦѩɽڱİ⡣
ѩɽô˶ţĿⶼѩеӰϡ
ѩԽԽҲԽԽȴ޷ǹƵ
һεӢĸû뵽ȻôĳտʼãԽ棬Խоˡ
ָоͺ굯һָƺңһɽƻҧš
Let it go
Let it go

һ£ƵĸҲûĴѩ֮С
ջڣתͷһѩţѾܿ˵Ӱ
䣡
һը죬ͺ񺵵һ̧ͷȥֻһƿѩֱڵĵط
Ƭ̣Ƶ㱻֣˵ϣǹ½⡣

̫ţ𾪣ȫû뵽ƾȻĳһ⣬ǰ꣬ɽ˵ʥˣֻʥͣ
һѩһʱȵһ˿½ⱻգѩſͣס
ķѩȻֱӱܿƣڳһյسѩûմ
Ȼһ⻹ƵһһһӢĸȴǴƵ֮ġ
£Ƶľһɺڣʣʵͻˣȴһջ
վܿĸ̫ţɻվԭص
Ů£ղһɻ֪ɽô˵ʵûĿģðˮ㵽˵¹ô˵һӦ˰ɣ
үȻţȻƬ֮䣬ɾһ˾̾ܿԵǿ½ϣмƣȴƬ֮һô
һ̣˶Ѿ϶ǰλ꣬Ǵѩɽ˵ʥ֮ˡ
ǣ죬ָ
Īţܿ˰֣ոɽҪˮĻôӦһС
Ŷһ£ĸˣû뵽һ룬ȻĸӦˣƺҲʣµһƵŮ˵ɡ
ܿ˶٣СŮ㣬ұ
ʲôˣһŮ¿ɿЦ
ģѩϕܿ
ѩǸѩϕһλο˵ŮܿΪڵѩ޸ڻ꣬ת޸ԸϽôһ䡣
ƿЦŮ㲻˵ϕδĹŮ޵ô
ܿҡҡͷǲޣȴ¡
ԭľ⡣
ƵܾлŮ̧ĳεºܣܵŮ˿أ
ôѵүҲЩģܿɫһ
ҡͷŮᣬĳѾĹȢ
Ĺݱ֪㲢δĹ飬ԭӣϲ檵ôȢһΣܿ
ܿ⻰ȴƺˣŮ£㻹ǻɣ
ϕֻһ棬һϱܲˣԼѾһˣеһˡ
ˮұĴ֮ֻܴϕҪˮ飬ǾֻȢϕܿ
£޻˵ˣҲ˵֮ǰĸԼǰ״Ӧˡ
Ůֺαǿѣ¹ϕһҸ˼Ƶ
ܿƺ˨ڱϣ˵Щʲôĸ̫ȴܿһߡ
ܿͼ̫ʲôҲûȤȥ͵ֻһĵȴܿҪȢϕǸǺã
ʱһ̫ˣǺܾİ

һϣܿ˹ϴż־ᣬԥΣһʮּѵľƵˮ飬Ը㣬ðѸո¡
ô򵥣Ȣϕʵ
ܿ΢΢ףӣƺܲȢŮƵģд˸ˣͰˡ
Ҳ֪Ǽ̫Ÿܿ˵ЩʲôǱܿһˣư˿ͷӦ
һѣܻˮ飬Ǿ׬ˡ
ܿˮұʥȡȥչɣüʱ黹
ŮġڴӦ
˶٣ܿſֻͣһƹС͸ӣƮ˳֮С
Ӧɽܿ
Ƶ˵ͷܿǽӷŵƵϡ
ֱʮͺץһˮһʮֵܸͣоǹ͵Īļǵ飡
ˣƵõ˵ŵ飬ֻһŽ飬Բˡ

䣬Ƴµģ˿ջȻٲһѯʣȻܱͱ࣬ƭƭϣ˳˹ͽ˹Ůܿ
ǽ˲
֮Ʊ뿪˱ģǷ˱ƲڴµǸĹ£治֪һ顣


509 оޣ
Ѿĵˣڣõŵڤȥݳľ˵߿ŵ飬ֻҪҵ飬ô߿ŵԲˣ϶·ҲһƬ̹;

ڤ½֮⣬ãã󺣣û֪ƬжôĹҲû֪ı߼ֻܿһ޼ʣɲĺˮ
紵½󻩻죬ڱڤϿգããڤ޴Ѱȥ
ľֻ˵ⱱڤУȴû˵ںηƴûڤȻ޴Ѱȥ
ҲѲƣ߿ŵ֮䣬һ޵ĸӦŵ֣ҪӦһŵ飬Ҳû̫Ѷȡ
ĿڤƬ̣Ʊоڤڤһ·ǣԼããп˿֪һǿŽָԼ
գжȥ
ȫ֮зգڵٶȣգѾԴԽ½ˣտʼлܿһЩСżܿһЩ˻ټǣ˺ȴһЩ񶼿ˡ
¡¡
ɫǰһ¡¡죬ƽعһԶ֮һ߸ߵĺˣѸٵĳ汻췭ظǰʲôս
ƽʶ̽˳ȥȻǰεĺˮ֮£޴Ӱս
һӰӣԼϳһͷ޳裬ޱȵӴż¶ͷ­һɽʮֵˡ
½ˣǸΪ磬ȻҲҲͷ޳ɢƣƸҶ϶ʵӦò֮¡
ǺжԽߵȼҪΣԽѣ㼸Ѿվ˺ĶˣҪΣ¸ѣȻҲֻԼĲ²⡣
ͷѾܹΣֻ֮Уû˼ԣ⺣емڻζѡ
ΣҲƼʶˣ֮Уеôƽ˾½ӲпᣬΣգ½ϵ磬ħ壬ҲһĹƶȣǣ⺣֮УﾺǿΪ
ͬһֻޣ㲻֪ΪʲôֻΪ˳ԶԷϵɡ
䣡
һ죬ˮŽбһƬˮһ˶ĺӰˮд˳
ƶһǿǺӰʵĿԭһѾ޴㣬ƽ壬βͣ޴ǳһڿУͺһ޴Ĺǣչʮס
üһȻܳô
ޱȵľȣңˮеȻ˿Уȥ̫ˣƶˡ
𣡡
һ޳ſ죬Ӻ´Ӿ޳Ϸɹ޳豾ͱͷʹϲ٣ſ¶ɭɭݣޱȵĿֲҪֱϽˮһ
ȻǱˣڿգβϵ˸ֱ޳ϳȥ
ͣ
ǿĵ޳ȫͷ޳跢һƵĵͺȻǳһѸٵ˺УһƬˡ
ûսֻܣŲ·֮£Ȼڵķ˹
ƵͿȥʵ̫Сˣѹûпɣ˫ڼ£ֻǼƵĽǰ
ͷ޳裬˸ȻҲˮз˳㱳׷ᡣ
ˮеȻڿ׷ۿƾŻĳ档
ͷ޳裬⿴ͣҪϲ٣ˮеʱ򣬽¶ͷһСɽʱȫ¶ȥǿֲ
һ˫۾У˷ŭݣͬһĮɱֻ֣ǿһۣ˵
޳ڣֻɳڣԲǾ޳Ķֻ֣ǺĹ򣬱Ѿ׷ſѪڣҪҧ¡
䣡
Ҳ֪һ̬һ죬һǿĵֱӴļƬ̼ͷϡ
أ
ȫ֣޳һ￸סôǿĵҵĲһ£ͨһˮУٶˮˡ
𣡡
ҲһŷƵĴڣȻֱӱһβֱͣ˦˹
ǣø֪ôҾ㣬ǵ֪жȻ𱨣ЩˣͬһֱӺϡ
ʵ֮޳軹Ҫ˲٣￸סƵĵβͻδɨƣ㰧һˮС
ҲµˮУˮγһ֣Ʈ䣬ãͷ㣬ܣոͷ޳裬ȴѾ֪ȥȻ֪Ʋǣˡ


510 ں飡
һ𱨣Ĺֱ׷ȥˣһѵʰ÷ĸˮд
ƱվıϣˮֿˮжȥˮĴٶȵǲ
˰գǰĺˮȴȻûݴӺӿ𣬾ͺˮƵġ
ܹĸоƬ·жٻϲĻӦþˡ
ȥֱӶŴԸ
ȴǲ϶Ƕǵطʮֵη塣
Ƭ̺󣬴ԣﲻȥ
Ϊβȥʵ
ǺںҲΪǱڤˮĽأûκˮǱڤһֹˣðս֮̽ѰҲ˶˿ڵĳǿߣĹ֮Ӳ˵֮׵ˮѹκһҪǿȥǾͱѹˣ߼ʱѷںס
Ŷˣüһ壬չ£ȥұȫ
ˮ֣Ȼûƾӣں࣬Ҳʲô¡
СֻܴǱǧף£СͲȥˣµý
ðɣ
ƴӦһĶ·ȥ
ǱǧףˣΣӴ£ź׳ȥ
ˣҲƵĵŵˣ֪ǵطֲȻȥǵǾǸ¡
ɾ磬ѾǣոձץסʱѾʶƵ֪ǶôǿֱӰƵ񾳽ĸ֣ʱȻ뿪ˣҲóȻȥֻںںϷˮǻ
ȻˮֿܷˮƸоˮѹǣˮߣʼǲ½ôģҲΪˣƲŻץ˴ڴ㲻Ҳûʲôֱ׳
ǱΧǹûˣƬֻϺûУһƬмΪʲôкںˡ
·ĺ򣬾ǱīȾһʮֲֿΪˮ޷ͶˮǺڵġ
СȻǺڰһƬһɹɺ̴Ӻӿʶ̽ȥ·ʮǺףǺײ˺̴ѣǺ̵Դͷȥ쳣Ŀֲ
̴ѣڵϵʱֻһЩƽƬϿǺ׵һ澰˵Ǻҽγɵģǣôģĺ̴ѣȴǴûмȻܰƬȾڣԼƬжôء
³ĸоˮѹòˮץӴĹעˮ齫ˮֿŻս׸⣬óʲô⣬֮ף⵽ʵǷӲ
ã˺ףǺ̴ѣó棬ʮֵĿֲ
ڵĸ֣ĵطֻƾһˮˣʮңԼȡ֮ǰȥȡˮ飬ҪȻôĺףͱǿˮѹѹ÷ˡ
ںеˮҪطˮ࣬ʹˮ飬ʮֵƲ˷ʱ䣬̽ʶɢѰҽ䡣
ݳľ˵ⱱڤһڶȪũýѹȪҵ飬ҵǿڶȪС
ʶһڿں̴ѣһڿڶȪǣȴ֪Щ̴ѲǶȪֻǺҽڻ
ŵ໥ǣֱǰ̽ȥн˲ԶԸоǰУ֮ԽԽʢ
֮ö˵ǿŽ飬ƴϲѭŸ֮ķٶȥ
ֻƬ̣ʶ֮̽Уһ̴ѵм䣬һ̨ʯ̨
ʯ̨ʯ̨һԲϷһŽɫӣȭͷС֮Ǵǿϴ
飡
ö˵ǶǽԵĵˣ쳣ļǣȴûżȡ
ľ˵ũѹȪģһȡߣȪȻӿʱֽʮǰһĻ
ʮǰиũϾȿѣȪ˭ʰʱǲѣƿ˴ˡ
ľ˵Ҫѽȡߣͱһ䱦ｫ滻ң滻ıʥ
ʲôʥʥùĶޱߣֻʥܽȪѹ
֮ǰѾʲô滻ˣ㽫ͨȡ˳


511 Ⱥ
ǵµģȻʥһֱߣȴûùΣԭĹܣ˵Щ¿ͨѹȪúʡ
߶ͨȥһһƬĻ˾֮ϡ
ʱƲСߵǰֽȡĿȴھ֮ϣҲ֪ͨܲѹסȪѹסĻüʱѽŻԭ
¿ݲðһСģǻµģһͱ¨ӣûǸ²ϡ
쳣ĽţĿĶžڣֻȡ߽ɲǣкȻһŨĺֱӿҪƾڶ
ƵһᵽɤۣקŽ飬ҪקֻǺҪڵɲǣ˲һƬɫĹĻеĺѹסǺͻҵĳ˺һǱѹȥƽ˻˾С
ڷǵ֮ʵʵʥס⾮ڻô
ͨ޼סڶȪҪ֮ǰýѹʱȫˣϾͨרģⲢǽרҵ
룬ͨһھɽǲ뵽˻ôһ졣
ͨȪȡ飬߿ŵԲôǿʯʲôôأ
ʥ£ض⣬ֻһ㽫׵Ժ󣬾ͨһĵطȻ֪ˡ
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һֱаʱϵ壬һ˫
磡
վһ۾ǰĿͶơ
飬⣬һУΣʮּ꣬ˡ
ǿһЦ˹ȥúԼļϣΣѾȥˣҲ˺ӣôЩ꣬Ϊʲôȥң
ˣ΢΢һǳҵ˵Ǵ㣬ңҲ֪òӳҾһֱڳˡ
һг޵Σʮ꣬Ƿ̫ˡ
ð죬ֹס˳̧һƣ磬ôˣ
ƵұҲսģ·ȥ㣬˵Ҳ˻ɽҲϽˣˣúܿɰֻϧƺӭҡ
һ죬㣬Ȼǿɰġ
꾿ʲôʮҶͿβȥ㣬ҿ»֪㾹ȻѾΪ˸ôĶӡʵ


521 ٴ
ˣԽΣԴ֮£㻹ɡ
ԣҲЩ죬Ӷˣ껹ܷʲô£ʺܺ˼Ź֡
꣬˵ĶһȴˣӦѶҽ˰ɣʵ
΢΢ףûзϡ
ƵȻˣԪȴȼմʱѾӽ;ƿݣֻϼɽѾصұǣЩ꣬Ҷʱڱչȴǲ֪㡭ǿˡ
ƵУΡ
ҡҡͷ磬Ҳ㣬Щ꣬ţҵӣĿɺء
˵ţݸһ΢Ц
ƿЦһ£￴ΪЩζǿջЦ
ΣźһǰɣƵ
һͣҵϡ
ҡҡͷϣұһȥǡ
磬׵ġĬһ£̧ͷӭƵĿ⣬ǴĵҲңҵϲý϶뿪
УѾǷĸʮ꣬ԲٿǷˡƵ
㲻Ƿʲô£ҶĸԸġסƵͣ磬ô꣬Ѿϰˣٿ㣬ҶѾˣʲô
ԲУڣҾʹȥ㸸ףҪ˵ӦԽô˵Խǻев
סƣ磬Ҫȥˣҵ޼㣬Ҫȥ£Ӻ㡣
ˣϴϷǣȻҴ뿪
ҡҡͷҵ˵ĶԣЩҲˣǵҾߣһƬָô죿
ԣĬһ£Իұ˵űܹġ
⣬¹ػ棬ΪҶ˹Ҷˣ
˺ⷬһʱ֪ôӺ˵
⣬ѾˡչһЦͷƵؿڣƵ磬ǲ˵ЩˣôʮδýҺúýЩôģ

Ƴ̾һ


ҹ
ƷԬɽһ
¶ֵã棬ǸùӶˣɲܱ˼ҡԬɽƵͬ顣
ˣЦֺγ֪ǣԸߣԬ֣ҳ⡣
Ԭɽ˸ۣҶǹһܸʲô⣿
˵ԣԹ壬ʵͻȻҪɽҶ֪Ѿ˸ĶӣھУѾʧ˷硣ҡҡͷ
Ԭɽԣ룬Ӳϸߣ϶ԭ˵ʲôԭô
΢΢ףδӣѺôʮ϶˲ٿ࣬ǺʱûִңΪĹݣ
ʲôʲӵĹ˱ǣҲһϷԣңܰ¹ҲûôԬɽ
˵ɣϷԣﻢ£أ֪жԿĹδ棿ôĹЦôҡͷ
ԬɽԣЦǻ򵥣Ȼ빼һȢˣӺɷ檻
ҡҡͷܰǹ
Σ˭涨׼ȢģڿɶˣȢţѵǻʵ϶ɫԬɽֵʲôãڸ̫Ѷˣ߶빼أ߶ñˣ֮ܰ¹ݹأģҲ˵ʲôлڿӣҶ˽⣬ҲںС
һȴ̫ίˣǷѾ̫࣬򲻿ɡƵ
Ʋ㲻˵Բ㲻ȥ˵֪ǲԸ⣿治Ը⣬Ҳ٣ȻˣʱŮһ㻹֮Ԭɽ˵˵ţЦǲȥ˵ֵܵİ˵ȥ
ƵˣͷۣһǵȻ̫֮ʦøɣһҪֵģЩ̫ίˡ
ԼУҲˣȥӰɡԬɽ˵ţ˳ȥ

ϲֳϲǣԼȻѾ˶ӣôĪĵˣȴǣں֮ܰ䣬治֪δ
Ԭɽ˵ĲϣܼǣڶԴ鷽棬ȴֻǸճé®Ĳ

գúõ飬֮Ԭɽһչع̸ͻƵľ硣
ոճɾɣвȶһչأǵ࣬Ǯǵ˸ΣȻ⻨ɽϣʲô⣬ǱϾĵ̣Ǯģ˴ǵŲܰġ
գǮҲûʲôѿɫȴҲûʲôɫֻǲ²ȣƺͺһ𣬵Ҳûֹ
ʮǰưѺ˳ȥʱȴŪ˶ӻ֪ͨ򸾻жôķŭټʮ궼ûȥ̽һ£Ҳѹǻôĺޡ
ƣ϶Ҳޡ
ʮǵ飬֪¼ڽʲôûãΨһģȥֲ
չˣƺȻоЩȻʱԬɽҵȥ˺ɽս
һΣԬɺԳļλǰˡ
ʮǰƵһδ˵ھŲ㣬ﵽںڣѾǾ̾ѣʱʮ꣬ˣһȴѾɺڵĴڣֻΪɾ
ʮܴﵽĲΣԬɵѾ޻˵սʮ㣬Ѿ֪û˴ΨһһλɺڵԬ˵ʮһ㣬ʮǰѾǶʮȻڵʮһ㶺
ʮ㣬ɾǺģԬɵҲʮֵڴƵ츳һζбװ˷ѵᣬҲ˵ƺܿܳΪɽǧһͨսˡ
Ǻܼܿʶһλǿߵĵʢ£ûԸ

ȥɣ㴳ɾҲòˡԬɽë׵֣Ƶļ
ԬѾţ΢΢ף׿߽սɽĿģΪսֻϺ£ȴˣڣչأҲпϾ
䣡
ƽսѸٵĹϣ˵Ŀⶼһŵϡ
һ
ڶ

ֻǺĹֻսϵ𣬾һϴܣȫûͣģٶȿԬ˶̲סզࡣ


522 ͨأ
յĹ򲻵ƱѾһ·ͨףֻһ·ơƣʮһûȴһع񣬵ʮһˣţʮ
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Ԭʸɺڸ֣ʮһʱҲҪһֽţԶԶɡ
С
ʮ㡣
ƽĵȴعɵĳ֣һ㣬Ѿսһ㣬ֻҪͨһ㣬֤
ƵһѾ˺ܾˡ
ʵѾﵽɺڵ۷壬񾳽粻һţʮһ㣬˵ȫûκսʮһ㣬ôڵĸΧŹҲֻǼоȫˡ
ǣʮ㣬ѶȾͳˡ
һɫӰںããǿհĻ˳һֻֻùĺ
ͦΣëκα飬էһΪһȺ
ʮͷһɺڵľ磬һκΪ֮־壬ҲΪʲôʮôѴˣһʮڼ˭о
𣡡
һ˶ĤʮͷУ߳һͷθߴĺǺҪϺܶ࣬࣬ɫһһ࣬ȥʮϡ
һ𣬱˲
ÿأôһͷѾ˾ռߣֲˣֻǰͷͬҲﵽɺڵ۷壬¾񾳽Ҳ˶٣ɲƲˡ
𣡡
Ⱥûʲôǣͷһֱ֮ӿ
ս׸ƴȻ壬ɽֱӴͷȥĹȫӣȰѺնˣȻ׶Ը
ۣ
һƵϣս׵Ļ֣޷˺ƴһӣ֮γһǿ磬Χĺɢһͷȥ
һ⧲ֱӱ׵Уֱӵ˳ȥûɢ
ƽϣɽһ¡
ӦҲ죬ִļסɽ
䣡
ȻǲκδϢĻģһ׵磬ǿĺϣٶȷɳؿڱһڵĿǻ
ҪǷϣˣǣЩֻ۳ɣˣ˵ȫͲˣɢֻ
ৣ
һ£һΣûôˣֱӱͷ˲ӣ˶Դ
ʱأɢһɫĹâֱȥ˲ûƵ塣
ֻ˲䣬ƱоĵĹѸֲ˻ˣһӯ࣬ȫʩչħ֣ȫ㱻ա
𣡡
ʮͷڼն֮󣬲ûаĻҺȴֱӱһˢˢ˹
һٹһ£ҪƸҳ࣬ٶȴ߶֮ٻ磬Щ䣬ſɽ绢Ⱥһ㣬ɱѪڡ

ʮһֱţ˵ĿⶼĿǵгڴ
Ѿһˣ֮ǰһ·ͨ˵Ѿڵʮһ࣬ԼǵʮѶжƿ϶Ǳǣסˡ
ڣֻֿܣһƳ˳ͻ񾳽磬Ƴʮ㲻ͨ
Ԭɽʮŵǡ
䣡
ڴʱȻһ˷֣âһɽɫĹâֱǻսϿյļƶ忪ˡ
һɫӰϿǽ֮з𣬽Ʈ䣬һ˭
ֱˣ̲סҪݡ
ö˵ƶͨˣҪȻĻͲǴǴ׳ˣ˵һȻıͨˣʮ֣Ǳˡ
ֵܣϲ
ԬɽЦǰأҲѾȫƸ۷ˣʮǰǻһľ磬ȻŶ̶ʮ꣬Ȼô࣬ƾȻѾΪˣ˵ԼЩš
ܵ˵ܵԬɽ黹ǺܺõģҲһλ񾳽ѡ
ϲˡҡҡͷ̧ͷ˿죬ٿˣһ𡣡
ֵСġ
Ԭɽһ䣬Ҳ̧ͷһѾʼۣһΣҪպɽٸֲ˺üԬԱߣҲǹӴѹѹЩ͸


523 ɾ
ɽ塣
վڷ嶥ǰɵɽ٣ԼҲɽ٣ɵȴ١
ж˵Ҳ֪ҪɽٴȥˣɽٲףֻҪɹ֤ɵ٣ȴŵ׽٣һһǿ̺Ѱʿûȫ׼ԲóȻȴ˽٣һףǸɵ³
߳壬оͺʲô˵һŨīƬ֮䣬һƬһΣɽϵĺӺﶼסˣһɽܣԬɵڣϽ뿪֮£Գɷɻңûһ˸ðա
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īȾƬأƲ׹˸·˺ѿһ죬·һɸɾֲѹҪϢ
վɽϣ紵½󻩻죬Ȼƾͬһʯһҡ
̧ͷ˿ϵĽƣг˲мͳЦ
һĻǸ˿»ƷˣȻٵĽƶҳЦǿɲǳЦô
ҡһ䡣
ʹһصͨζȻǣǼ仯һˣڲۣ֮Ȼɽ嶼Ҫߡ
ݣͬ·
СӣǲǷˣ
Ԭɾȵ죬֮£ȻҰ˾޴ⲻǴĵôңСӲκη׼Ӳô
ô
ûô
һ׽ɣֲ׹⽫īض˺һӣֱƵϡ
Ӵ壬Ǳһ˶ĿţһȻʲôֶζûãֱڿס
ȴ֣ûаĲʣܣ׽پȻͬһһ壬ζ
һȻѽ׶ˣ
˶ɵˣȫû뵽ȻĶɽٷʽ˾Ȼʹף
ôƲ֪ҲģѾƿ߿ŵıԴٿЩȻ׾٣ڣ˵٣ǿĽף¶Զ˺ΪѾƿ
ֲĽףƵת˼ȦһȻֱӾͽ׸ڡ
̺֮ȴҪԼĴˡף¶Цݡ
ʱһ¡
̺˷֮ȻӲƵƿأƬ̣Ҳա
ţĵ
ҲûɢƵ˼ֻһһţģܼˣȫڶɽ٣ֱڸ硣
ſƲһһ׹⣬һΧһĿ࣬ȫԼ۾
ǿٵĽװүȻķʽɽ٣Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ûжãƲеƺǱƸˣŵֻߵƱֱӱƬ̣ɢոպڵĩһգѸٵĻָʡ

ƴ˸ãһδı飬ôҲˡ
ں߿ŵ֮󣬿˵ؼĸԪƶ˲ٿصڵĹѾﵽ񾳽磬ӦٵǺɵġ
ǣһжԹ˵ȴ̫˼ЩЩɽٶĵˣ˸ҰٵĽ׸˵ģ
ۼ˵ȥû˻š
ҲãҲգǶȹ٣ܿ죬ɽΧʼѸٵγһ籩ɽϵĻ춼ǡ
һֲֿٶȣӿȥһѸٽɽɽƣҪɽ嶼ˡ
ڲɽ֮ϣЩֲӿ壬µľ硣
ɽڶΣ󣬶صɽϣԶԶŲǸӴӰһ˳֮⣬¡
ûȥƣҲûҪػֱɽɽϱ˹أӴҲ߳ոɣһº󣬾Ȼ֪˰ɡ
ʱ򣬻ɽ壬ֻܸˣûﵽ񾳽֮ͻһͻͽ
ʱȫʩչеı仯֮ǴɻɽСɻɰˣһ߿ɼǧף˻ɽŵûɽȺӺƨ
ǣСһż겻չù
һöԱߴתͷһ槼վԼһЦĿԼҲ֪ʲôʱġ
Ա߻ˣһһȴӣӸЦȴľ졣
ս㣬ôˣϲ
СɽһҲܾû槼ˣʱҴңȥ߰꣬ʱٿ槼ͬ԰࣬ʱ·޷϶κεӡǣҲôôģ
ŪôĶһܲô槼
ӹһЦһ˭ɾȴϾСѣСʣ˵ǰ޹˰
ϧĿ佱ҲȷʵڳʵǰСɽƣۼ֤ƳɾɣһΣʱ߰꣬ٴμʱѾɹˣĳɳٶȣ˵ߣȷǰ޹ˡ
ˣȴҡҡͷǰˣҲ㲻ʲôǰЩӼľľɱҵͶˣǶ̶̼䣬ѳɾڣٶȣԲλࡣ
ҡҡͷľ޵ңͶ̥ǰ׼´Уʶ֮󣬲ѸһΪǶǰĶݣ
ȷľڶ̶̼䣬ɾڵĸ֣ǻڲ֪࣬ʰٶȣȷɱˣҪˣľֻһǰĹʵʵƾԼŬġ
һǰԹһȫƾŬеĲ࣬ýֺͷҲ뵽ľôǿʵǽüǰǧС
֪ҵǰֻһģ
ԺиһͷֿЦҡҡͷ磬ǰǵϵһô
ǰǰʲôأ޴׷Ҳ޷֪ϵ˻᲻ǰϾһִ½Ȼͬ硣
槼˵һ滨ң˼ǰţҼ滨˸СİҮʶ⣬ԼҲóԳԣԼǰǸʲôģ
Щ꣬ҲŬ
槼ϴ΢ЦڵƣѾ񾳽ˣȻǻЩ࣬;ԣѾԺǲˡ
˹ȥս㣬ãСҪأ
Ŷʲô£槼ʵ
ƶ˶٣ɽϣж֮󡭡


524 
Ȼֺαأû˵꣬槼ʹƵĻ
ˣٶ˵ȷѾֺα槼أ
֮ϣңôҽ㣡槼
ս㣬˵ʲôƲ죬ôǣˣ
û뵽ɳô죬Ѿ񾳽ĸ֣شûʲôס㣬Щ£ҲӦȥ׷ѰˡΣ槼ˣȴţ

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֪ô֪ĻҸʱ䣬ŮҰɡ槼ֱӵ
Σִգ
з޷ޣЩˣϲ˵һһ룬ƺʵǸ˵ķ緶槼һ㣬ƺܲˡ
ս㣬ʲôʱŮȥˣʵ
槼ȻһЦұŮһȻôŮˡ
أƵ
أŮȴʦš槼
ˣһЩ˽ҪҪȥŮҲøһˡ
޷㻹ȰԸ鶼Ū˵ɡ槼νҡҡͷȻ˵ƺͺ¡
ڨڨͻȷЩͷۡ
ʱ槼ֵѾﵽ񾳽磬Ҹò˰ɣҰɣ
һһ£ս㣬ͳĶô˼Ҫȥڲճɾѣʵأ˵ҿֻһΣûء
ҲգžŰɡ槼ҲѵúƼƽϣɱָʹˡ
սģǲõġƵ˵ͷ
槼ˣҲĵ˵ͷҪȥ
æԽסս㣬ǰҪôһλǰҸ֪ͣλûȤһ
Ŷǰ
˶ɻƳҲΪǰʱȴһλǰ֪ǺˣܵƺǵģҲʲôͨ
ƵλǰΪĺˮΪ棬֪λǰû˵
棿
£槼㾪һЩŵĿơ
΢΢ס
ʲô
ԱЩãȻȴ֪ʲôȻ槼ȳ
ӵҪ槼СˣȻʵߣǶһЩϹŵʿˣ֪ľҪ槼ٶˡ
Ͼ槼ǿǸˡ
槼¾ȣ棬̫ŴܣһΪһͷɵ󲻾ãѾڴ½ϴĺˮľ䣬ֻλ͵֮ܿ쵭ȥҲֻĴ˵δˡ
һ˵λҲҲǾޱȡ
ڤ㣬Ϊ֮󣬲֪伸ǧҲ
仰˵ľǻ槼ûмǣǾŮͳˣһȻ˵λԶġ
ֻ½֮ϣԶǿѾҲûֳټ½ûţһЩ˵ˣҲ統ѾˣϾѾ̫żж
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˵棬㸮ϣ槼ʵƲƭ
Ƶͷû˼ҸϣϰǼͽѧ֡
槼ˣ΢΢ĳ鴤һ£û㵱ϰ
ھǣսȥɵҼգһһ·ǡ׵
Сһ治֪˵㣬Ȼûϰ߯Ҳˡ槼ĸҲˣһݼǰȥ£ϽǱǡ
ͬȥ
ҲİݼλԶǿߣһ仰槼ˡ
ͷһۣʼһδ̶ʮ֮꣬Ĳ࣬߯ҲˣȻܵ˲СĴ


д󹦵һʱ䣬ȹ̣ڻɽ˼գڳأľҲȶɳڡ
ʮ꣬ȻɾĴڣⲻʮǰǴƽⶾϾŮİУˣ˵ʮ꣬Ҳ޿ܳɾɵϱŶĻԵ
ȻѾأлɽԬԬɽ˺󣬱ź뿪ˣȻкĸǮ
ȥһһΣ˵ͨԼѺĸӴߣʮĸ˲ٵĿ࣬úúóĸӲС
Ǯûʲô˵ģغϸƻǣ̫ΨһĵľǺͨͷִ̫һ޼ԼʮѸ㡣



һ˹һͷĻĸӺǣԱ߿ˣҲ̲סЦݡ
ôˣô׼ȥһһǡǡʱһȴﴫ
ʱˣÿҲ֪˭
̧ͷһƿЦͨ߳ŭĿӡ
æ˹ȥͨ
ͨһСʼһ㻹˵ھȻ˸ˣҪô
Ͳܺú˵ôί˵Щ£Ͳ硣
ͰڲˣѾͷûˣͨһ󣬿ƣơ
ĿǮ£εסģţҲֻǮˡ
ͷӣ侲Щô˵ǮΣֻÿڣôҲλ񣬶ݹأҪëˣɳﲻ
⻰ȻãͨǸڵˣǮһڣҲ侲˲٣ѹ»Ƶ˵ɣ
ƶźͨ˸Ҿǰĳֻͺӻǣһ֣Ҳúڡ
ƨ
£ͨһ䣬ᶼˣ˼ʮŮմȥŸӻ㵹ãӲܣָӣںӴˣһ仰Ҫȥ̫ôǺڰΪʲôҪѾͷȥʥΪʲôҪ㡣
˵ţͨȻ˿ǻһĨۣ

æǰĸźͨο
ᰡ
һʱ䣬Ȼ֪οˣжµ÷ţͨ˵öԣԼЩһζûоƾʲô˼뿪
磬ҪȻȥɣǵ£˵ð죬Ҳᣬôδͨ޳Ҳ
ҡ
һͣʹãѾʮ꣬ٴȥô


525 Ŵ
ʱͨһȴˣͭһƣĸ뿪ԣôӦҵ
ʲôҶӦתϲʵ
ͨ˿ƽһ飬Ůߣð̧ΣýȢ˵棬Ů֡
ԣ̴Ӧ
ʱǮˣĹô죿
Ů޸㣬ֻޣ檡ͨ

źֹͨʲô檣ġ
ƵǰģҶ⡣
ô򵥣һλ¸صǰýλǰ˵Һĳ˷ҸүŮޣ̧Σ㻹õóƸͨ
̧Σһ㣬˵һˣĴ½ϣɾǸ߸ϵĴڣ˭ŵΣԸ̧Σ
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ĺܽסǣ˻õô
꣬ʶʶĺ֪ǻĶǻпܱĺסǣǰûʶǣϵû򰡣
аȻ϶ףǺѾˣҪץ˻ѾǲܣϾԷҲ񼶸֣ôץ
̧ͷǣ֣ûע⵽ǻţǲǸó뿪
뿪ĻԼɾ͵öˣ⣬Ѿƿ˽磬Լôεˣ˳ȥ֪жˮꡣ
ȻõһӣƴҪǣڹ˽ƶãԼǵ취Ǹˡ
ĺȻûǵģǻֻǵľĺϵӺˣѶ֡
ԥһ£ȡһ

槼ģ˵ΣΪֹֻùһΣҪǴϾԲǶ֣뵽İ취ֻе槼ˣпܸɵĹˡ
ûԥҡơ
׹ûһһ׹Ƶǰ
ôܱڤˣ
槼ô欣һ־üʵǼģͷЩҡ
ƿûȤش⣬ս㣬ҰǸˡ
ǣ
槼һ㶣תȥֱһӰڿУʱɫЩˡ
ôôⶫڣ槼ͣЩš
أ
Ҳ槼ĵʱһھ֣̾˹Ȼ槼
ڣƶ̲ס
ߣһɵ㼸֣ǶѣҲǰţ
˵ţ槼ţֱڿնһǳȥ

أ
ػһξ𣬾͵İһ¡
ս֣ɱǸɢˣ
槼ǿﵽ׼ʥĴڣʵȻǲͬģֲĶ֣Ƽ槼ôͣϽ
ǿģѰ鵤ҩҪǿô槼ɢˣ
鷳
槼һۣһ͵Ĵƨɺ޵ľ޳βͣѸǲȥ
β𣬱Ҳǲضõġ
أ
ͻʱɽҪݡ
СӣβͰΧм䣬ͬһΣγͻ޷槼ķ
գôգ
һ£Ŀĺϣȫ߶ĺĺٶȹâҫΪƬƬ¡
أ
ǿһֱŤͷſƮŵĺײ˹ȥ
һΪĺҪǸˣǣײĺϣûзʲô죬ǴŹ⻪
ҫ۵Ľ⽫ڣεۻң۾
Ϣ֮󣬽ɽѾûӴӰĺƯڿУƵϡ
ʱһĺϣȻһƣƻ֣·ζʱƿԾһ㡣
Сӣˣ槼βͣƮȻƵǰûİһۡ
ڨڨһЦս㣬û°ɣ
û£ԺֿɱҸɡ槼ûĵ
ˣⲻû취ôһ˿ʰֻ뵽սæ˭սǸеĸء
ƨ槼ûЦЦĿеĺϣǣôã
Ȼˣüͷûһ£ֱӵ
槼΢΢ף̺һ۵Ĺȴв˼룬˵ǴĽᾧڵʵвСĽֻ㲻ֻʵùž磬ĻϴﵽڣϣҲֻͽ͡
ҵȻ˽⣬սİɡƵ
˽ͺãô槼ʵ
ҡҡͷ
Ҿˣ׵ʱ򣬿ɱ˸槼ȻһЦһ仰˲ʧƵǰ
ƶûü˵һ仰槼ÿ죬ȥҲ죬ﵽ񾳽֮Ʒ֪񾳽磬ǺСһȣҲʮ־޴ġ
˵槼Ӷڣǣʣ槼Ҫǿϲ٣棬׼ʥ磬Ȼܱڣǣͻ槼Ҫϲ֪ˡ
ǽ񾳽ﵽ۷׼ʥҲ±׼ʥҪǿܶ࣬ϾôҲ˵磬ǹҲһͨ׼ʥ̫ܺŴȣ
Լ첻£槼¾ɰ쵽ˣ̾˿ͬ־Ŭ
˿еĺһ˿ȣǱսĺΪãȰѾȥǣò˶ãʵֽͻͽ

үõˣ
ر⣬ңĵȴţưȻŷ
΢΢ףĿڹ˵ϣϻȻû뿪Ѳɻʲô˲ɣ
ˣ㲻Ұȥôư
ϻӣ槼治֪ôճȴǿ˾
ڨЦһ£ֵܹȻǶ֪ܽո뿪λ˭
޹⣬ΪΣȴǺĸһƨ


536 ض飡
ڱڤ̫ˣ֪½ϵ˰ɣոλ֮棬槼ûĵ
ԭ
ˣüһ˿ȣ֪뿪˾λǿߣȴû뵽Ǵ˵е槼
ʱ˲ɵֶƸ߿һ֣ͻϵǳȻ槼˱ߡ
槼ȻȻ˺ܶ࣬ĵλҲͬߵģλվƵı󣬹˻ʲôڵѾûͷˣֻƲƽϣǾллˡ
ȴúƽϣڹȻˣҲ˳ĽУһ㶼ûˣ˵ôȫȥǹˣæһ˵ûõҲûõȴһˡ
ˣ˴ڤȴǻһ£˰æ¡
Ŷֵ뽲
һ£ȻЩˬģǣȴֳܱ
ҲҪӱڤʮɾ֣֪ܲܰæ
ʮɣ
һȻθ˼ֱһǶʮɸ֣Ǵײô
¡һΪѣϾܾ
ֱӴϣЩˣǴȥźǰġ
һ仰ѹ˺Ļ˻ȥ׷棬κһˮ˵ϵҫ˾ܾҲɡ
˶٣˵ֵܣֻǹ¼ҹһ޷Ȼȥź棬ұڤˮԵ岻ݴǣҿҲõȥˣ޳һ壬ɸҲ٣ͿɣֻҪԸ⣬ɶȥ
룬תңⱱڤҵɾĺѣ
Ӧʮλң
Ƴһ£ȥټһ£ûԸ뿪ڤģвʣµľ
ǣүң
ѹû޳һǷԸ⡣
ҲʶҲѣҲ
Ҳܹ׷棬Ҳʮ˷ܵģңĹϵҲ뿪ڤ˼
Ƶ˵ͷһȥɡ
ϱңһ뿪˿躣

һգң͹ϻˣǣջСȻʮˣɾ硣
һ˳ģĦȭơ
үЩҺ͹ϵѣ˵Ҫȥǰû˵ˡң˷ܵĵ·ǰһôõ¡
ȥʲôģ˵ôҲЩ⣬û뵽ôˡ
Ͼңѣƭȥǣʱֻ֪ȥ̧һ½ӣȴ̫Щ
ң˵ͷ˵ˣǶ⣬ֻҪܳǰǸʲôԸ⣬˵ֻҪʮˣ˶ȥס
Ǿаһڱڤĵλ治촵ġ
ɨһȦ޳˼òªŵ˵ģʣʮһˣҲû룬һˡ
ھ޳һ壬ΪѾˣûˣЩһѱһʱǳʲôӣҲԸ
ǱȺɫݺݵľһƱһɣƺƵ뿪˱ڤ
ͬң͹ڣһʮˣң;Ÿ磬û뿪ϾҪչˣһøϽؽ԰

Ĺǡ
ƴһȺɺƺƵһƬ𶯣Ϊˣƴӵʱ򣬲㰲
ĺʱûлϾǣŻдãһʱǻġ
ҲûҪ
ӣǵ͸ĺˮʥĺÿʮƹһΣһ죬ɹ᳹ĺ൱һӣ￴бСͬһӣƽ͵
ֻһôôʵ
΢΢ףȻʥȻķǷ֮ôǺĺˮ壬һ죬ˮĪҲϹŵʱ򣬾֣ҲߺֻҪˮ壬ӱɢꡣ
˵Ӷ˵Ҳûʲô̫ôˡҡҡͷռסǣҹԸӣʲô˲õܣȫȻ벻ȻֻһӶѡ
ΪʲôԸӣΪ˱ˮ壬ĺˮ壬ǿɱҪ˶ˡ
ֲֻˮ壬ˮжô
ʱңү֮ôȻүòϣȥʱλ϶üЦûʲôˡ
ԣȴǵңһۣʲôͣǲӣ


537 
Ϊʲô
ңЩɻѲ᲻ãȻ󣬵ǶԼҴҵү˵Ӧ㲻ʲôɣ
Ӽգ棬мɻġһԲ
ǸôһȥʥͨҲвˬⲻǰ˸ô
ң⣬ûŪʲô˼
ҲѵøĽͣңӱڤŪЩȥһЩõģƸͽȥ
ʱ¿ã͸ҵƸ񣬵¡֮ľһȥɡ
ϣ
ңͷӦһȥľȥˡ
ǱߣϢôʵ
Цһ£Ǳ߲Ѿ׵һ˸Žǵõһʱܹ
ǣ
ˣӳɲͨˣƢٴҲܲӡ
¾㱸ֻǷ磬Ҹʱ䣬˰Ƹ͹ȥƵգ¸ˣٽ֦
ƵͷӦ

ڶգľңżɣƺƵƸȥˣĵĵš
˵ģʵƵĻǷǳģ֪ЩƸܲúͨ⣬֮ԲȥΪºͨĻɾǵòʧˡ
ң˱ˣдʯ䶨һ˳ȥƸ񣬺ͨȫˣûбֳ
ȥģһѪɺлһҩģ⻹龧Ƕ಻ʤͨЩϣ޻˵ˡ
һͨԣܿ콫ڶʮ壬ǸѵõĻƵգʱɰ̧ΣܰºͺӭҴš
ڶһ
£ˣŷ£ӱڤһɣʹȫ˳ȥʿһҪ¡ضƴ

ʲôҪչأ⻹£Ҫˣͷ㻹ʲôأһգϣƵһ־ŭ
ϾҪˣҶæҪСȴ˵ҪչأڿЦô
Ҳͣ˿ӣɻĿơ
ƸЦһʵҲչأֻǣµʱ䣬һ

˶˺棬θһֱ˿ƵĻΪ֮ǰѾƹˡ
ʦ˼Ҫʲôϵ
ôȥѾʮ꣬һഺòСʦڵľ磬СҲǸ֣Ȼʤ꣬ȴԴʦԾӣͽУ龫֣ƢҲϡ
ʤٴͻ̫ӳϣǰǹԹԵģǾηֻѾͷҸЦ
ưһۣ˵Ҳ֪ΪʦƳǴһ
ŶҪŴ۽ˡȤ
΢΢ס
ȴüͷʵʱ䣬ô
ģʱӣ֤˻ڡƱ֤
⻰û˻˵ͬƱչص

³ʮ
׵ӻ죬Ѿǳˣ½˹ǰۣϽõɣ塢ģħˣ಻ģ˵½һ붼ڳǻۡ
УвٶǵжԵڣలµĻǣħһãֱǴδʢ¡
ףһ㣿
ҵСŲôˣֻúƤԱլӣеֱӰŵջס
⼸գǿջҼұ಻ˣֻΪһһʢ¡
ҺԺ
̨һŮӣݲ
ʥ棬ľ͸ĴˣƼֱ̫ȻʥȴֻԱߣ񣬼ֱᡣ
ħʥľȻһջѾͷħ˵ֱܴ衣
һǰˣƱʮ֮ȴû뵽ľҲûˣùǺҪǶľʱţͱһȺָŰˡ
Ŷľ⸱ģ˼ַۣŭǣ벻κεĶԲߣڵƣѾǵɱȣ˼ڿ񣬸иǸʲôҲֻ롣
˵ˣ߰ɣҵĹˣھһͨˣ治ҽ⣬ֻܴľҡҡͷ
˼µķˣľûǿҲƺǰƫˡ
ǵû뿪˼ﰲȫǰûƺЩˣûĹĿľΪġ
ʥ桭
һһ
㣡ʱһ洫
תȥֻһһŮܽ˳
ףҲڣЩ㵵Ŀˡ
ߣֱӰƲһߡ
ľվҲû磬ʵô
ϻعҲû˵̶Ŷľ㣬ʦЩȥ
ƣľһ£ڱչô
ǰϵ˵ͷʦոմ»㣬ңмλʦܣһͬȥıչ֮
ʥ棡ԣƺȰľƻ⡣
ľԥһ£ûдˣﻹŷء
ʲôʱˣʲôʦȥ϶к£Щ߰ɣﲻǻô󷹾ǡ϶˵ǰŶľܣߵվԭء

԰
̫ʦԺһСԺ䣬ȽƧ±԰ö֮
ľ԰ʱ԰Ѿкüˡ
槼ӻ磬վ԰ԱߣƵżӡ
ʤٴӳϣųһУ˶ƵҲ֪ڸʲô
ƵǰһڵĴ󶦣Ǵ槼ľƽĶžƬ̲Ųơ
ʦˣ߽԰ϱһ
Ƶ
Ŷ
ˣƵʤһ
Ҳֵ

ľҿƺں˵ԥ죬ϸʹɫŻعɻϵࡣ
ڸʲôľصģ̲סɻʵ
ҡҡͷ֪ʦأĵŰɡ
ľˣҲٶʡ
λǰͰһ߶ţ̫ʦҲ°ɣֵ


538 ٳ
ˣҲ˵ֱ槼ˣԺ⣬ɶ֮ƣСԺΧм䣬ػĿȴھϣóλǰҲڴ
УƽµǸʲôģԼ˶֪
СԺУȻкܶˣȴǾĵģţƱ۾΢΢üͷѾؼʱ̡
ľѪͩľƸ˽ȥϧϣѾ£ݲаʧһʧܣֹµǰûϣľͷѪͩɲôѰġ

һӺȻ۾ָһǿһź⣬ӾлƮǰ
ǰһǺ⿴ȥڴϲö˵ǺеĶƵˡ
ɢ¶һӴģһĶԱ߾ȻһӣЩ㵣Ƶ
ʦʲôô͸һɻѯʣһӣһӣѲõӣ
Ȼô򵥣ȴǿá
У٣ƻ³
٣
δţ˶ɻǵӡУܱΪٵģҵģһĶûκңѲɣǴ˵е٣
٣ǱΪ֮Ĵڣţ߹ƺˣǵʵƲɣ˷˲ϣһٵȣһֱȵɾ񾳽磬ֱԴȫٿ磬ŸҶƸٵ˼
Ϊܸ٣ƿ˵ѪЩռϣȥ˲ٺö
ڣִ½ĵһܸ٣ڳˡ
ȲߵԱߣƷһһԼĽһָټϻ
һͬˮһ˶ǰһ࣬ö٣Ǽ˲õ
ϵһϡ档
ţ𶯡ֱһ仰ֹסҲԾԾԵˡ
Ͼ˾죬֪ڸʲô
ڵˣӦʮ˰ɣʮûⶫָ֪û
ĿڤƬ̣۾һܵõٺôԼˡ
һ仰üСЩĪͶľȴ²⡣
ûж˵ʮָŵټϣʼʱʮĵһθࡣ
֮ǣ
֪ôģƾ뵽ӣʮָһټϻԾȻѾʱʮ꣬Ѿ񾳽Ĵڣǰָоܿ˻ӵ࣬շǵû˲˲١
ܸ٣ѾƷƷˣӣܸǱͨǿǧ򱶡
һֱӻ
յѣС٣٣
֮ͳһֱ࣬νǻȻɣޱȵĻֺ꣬ڳˣڣȫ𺳵ˡ
յѴŵˣ˸˸ȫͬ£˾ɥңԶ⾳˳
֮۵С֮ľİϵĳ˿ںӰԵУݣ޷԰Ρ
˵ĿⶼڸԵӰôߴôңԶһֻһλܼԦ֮Ĵڡ
ΰģչس
ͬʱԦô⼼գֱľĿǸӰһᵽҪǱʵԿ϶ƲĶ֣ϾڵĴڣһΪˡ
ǣֵϵƱĿɾͲһǰˣƴ˿̵ı֣
ֵϵ裬ֱ۵ı־磬ֻо㹻ܼԦǿľǰûһ㣬ֻ󾡿ǿ󣬻øǿǶΪˣͬҲ
ң֮ǰľһֱΪԼ·ûдҲдǣ⼸£ҡˣʼ·ֱһ̣ķ֣Լǰߴˡ
磬ҪʵԶԶҪˣ粻ԼԦǿʵٹʮϰֵ꣬ٴͶ̥ת˷ֻأֱһ졣
ˣ
ƶ˴ӳоѣ̧ͣ࣬ͷȥһŨĽ⣬Ʋ㣬ӿ£ȥ


539 ͽ
ӴĹ£
һĻҲˣɵȫûĹ֮У½֮ǿֱǰδ
֮ǹȥ
ԺӼ֣һ޴ֵĽɫ͵֮䣬һ̣Ϊ֮ݣ˵ִ½ˣ
ƴֻգۼǵĸֶв٣ͻȻ漴󹦵½ɰ˶һ׷֮ȥ
˵ط֪̫ʦһ˺棬̫ʦΧܶ˶ȥ̽λֵǰţǸ޷ȥ˹Ҽ٣ҲֻڸȺ
һ۷׷ףѹͲ֪ʲô£ֻܴһЩ˿е֪һЩֻƬԴ⡣
СԺϵȵҲһĻˣһӶûмôǿĹ£Ҳһ̣Ƿ֪Ϊʲôǽеһ
ûп۹£ڵһԡڽ֮У㲻˹ЩҲֹסǵ꣬Ҳڲǣٶȣֱͺһ
һλõĹ£κһλõĹ¶Ҫö࣬СٳҲûôӴڸٺ棬΢΢۾Ĺ壬˷·һ㣬ͣǡ
˰СʱʧƵľҲֹͣ˰۾ż־ϲ㡣
һƸ٣ջ񲻿νСǺ纣Ĺ°£ڰСʱĶ̶ʱڣڣԶԶʵ
תˣ˶붨֮У˵һ˵õȮ죬һβûп۹£Ҳ˳ЩôǼͽܡ
ô̶̵һѾﵽɺڣȹͽУϴﵽںڣʤﵽڣʣʮİٴСӳϣҲﵽڳڣ츳ߣͬʮ꣬ȴֱӵɳˡ
綼һοֲľֻǹˣʿ˵޵ľǾ磬ֻҪ絽ˣȫԷϣķк֣ܶǾȴǵҩܹ˵ġ
ٿľû̫Ϊľ籾Ͳȹ̵ԭͣڣǣҲֻһ֮ңˡ
ûãһ
ۣҵľôࣿ
ϾϲĪôƬ̵ĹԭʦڵȴֱԾһ󾳽磬ﵽںˣֱͺһ
ҲĶǾϲָо̫ˣһΣй½Ҳ̫Щɡ
ףƣȻˣ˸ˣôôӴĹ£˵Ļᣬǿġ
лʦ
ϵȵӣƹһǶĤݵı飬쳣
ҲһмĿƣܳôһ󱲣ۼһλ󱲵ĳɳ˵ǲϻοˡ
ڼӵƻ⣬ĻѵãûһΣǿɾ˵ˡ
ʱľվƿ˺ܾãԥԥ죬¶ʲôģֱߵƵǰͨһ
ǣüͷһ
ʦյΪͽľֱߵȥ

Щ㵣öľֻ˳ýѾúõȹȹ̣ȴľᶯ˰ʦͷ
Ƶ
ľֻǹţ˼ȷ㲻ΪͽҾͲˡ
ƵΪʲôҪΪʦ
ļ̌ͷƣ޶ۣǰֻԼߵ·ǶԵģ˵·Ǵģ֪죬ӷȻ֪Լش·ȥؽٲ򽫳ΪڶȴħΪݣʦǰӣɨӸмԸʦ£ҡ
ħӲ޹£ھ磬ʮֵĺӣһ㶼ʵ磬ǿ˵ɵĽͺһȲȣ𿴶ľڵľ磬ǣľһ˵Σ¥ʱܱڷţڹµİ£Σ¥죬ػǰδеȹ̡
Ȼû٣Ǿõ˶ٺôֻжľԼ֪ʼնûкһһİǳĸж˵ݷ鲻ԽͶҪʦͷ
ʦɡ
ʱҲ飬ԭһʼƱöľϵģ⼸˸黹ǲģʱľʦȻǰ顣
ԥһ£Ŷļ̧֣̌ɣʵߣӽ쿪ʼ´ˡ
лʦݼʦ𡣡
ľϲʱߵ
ʦ㣿
ʦλãô˸ȥˣȴһͶľϵãҶľ˵Ҳһһ룬ȴҲûʲôˬˣܿһʵǰݼʦ㡣
ľȻϲʤôãҲܲƲǵǿƳʦѾǴ´ˡ
ħʥľ£ϰƵͳֵҲ֪ħ֪󣬻һ顣
ʦҿô
ʱʮڵ˳Ŀļܸٵϣ鶯˺ڴ
ûж˵ֱȥ
һȺӣľڣΧ˸ٵǰĴǻͷһο
һֻֻټҰţһҵ
ûãƽ棬֮Ժʱ䴫ǣҪģǾͨҽ̸ǵ֮һҪú
ǣ
ڵӦ

̫ʦ⣬Χ˺ЩˣһλֵǰʩչĽ磬޷ӽһȻҡ
Ž˺ˣϢǲֶߣãš
и٣еߣĹƳģƵһ۷塣
ˣƲ˳ݺ;
˵ֻʮꡣ
˵ʮꡣ
˵Ѿ˺üǿ
˵Ѿ񾳽Ĵڡ

Ƶ£оܱ˵˱дһƪɾһζδѻ

ʮ壬ŵƽʣһ죬עǸͬӣΪĹĽҪ͹ˣңһͬȢŵģһλĹ
ƺܰµĻѾʮ꣬ǣĹգѾһĵһڵˡ


540 飡
Ƿܰʮ꣬ͬҲǷ˺ʮ꣬һ죬еĿǷ˹黹ӡ
ʮλɣ̧죬νǰδе֣˴ϲ£ǧ궼һΣǴ½˹ħ壬壬Ķ׷ǰأǰǲġ
һȢλӣǰƴûǣִ½ǵȢȢ檣֮ʱȳɹֹȽƸǱ檵Ķ١
ϣƵһνչʾڱ͵ǰֵһеĻ񡷣ð˷ͶԵ֮
ʣһŻκһΪ֮

ҹ
ȥ˺ķ䣬ȹ֮ȴǱ˳ȥܰ·ЪϢ
֪⣬ܰʲô٣Ҳûж˵Ŵϲȥܰµķ䡣
ܰ£ʮ꣬ίˡ
£ܰ´ϲߺΣŮ
ܰҡҡͷЦίֹܰһأŻϣܰ¼ֹҶǸίɣܰµʮ꣬ٵȵˣǡ

һͣܰ˵ֳҶˣ˶⣬вֻǣǵ飬Ʋ֪δֻװ֪ϾѾ˼ҡ
ֻ̾˿Ļ˵һһ飬ԼȴãȻֱ֪
ҹҲ̸ЩµʱƱܿ⣬ܰЩԵ飬룬ҹſ½

գͲɢȥֳɽҶҲͨկʱܴŮпิӵĸ顣
ףۣʧ䣬Ȼˣ
ֻ˵һǸ
Ƹ磬óֹҶﶼһβһȢ˻վߣһ˴룬
óڿЦ˵úϡ
ҡͷ̾˿ɽĸĵӣɽĸɽһ̳ˣǸ˼ɽĸҲġ
ΪƸ޽ĵλɽҪˣɽĸҲ᲻ġ
ƳĬ
ܰµһҶأܲͨկļ̳˰ɣҿϵͦõġ
΢΢ףҶʼʱ仹Сͨկȵңо֮ҶֻǸмһûķ뷨
Ȼо֮౨ˣ˼ٿʮꡣ
ƻͷŮ⻰ȢƵģӵô
ֻǲŮһ
Ǻβ˵˵ĻҾһȢˣڱ;ȥָܲٻɣҡҡͷ뿪Цĵ
ҲδɰܰЦ
ƶͷһ˿ߣճһףȢţһΣ˶ðԼµһˡ
˶ˣ˵Щ޼£ҪȥɽһˣϻҡҡͷϽ׼ߡ
ȥɽʲôʵ
׼ĸĸǣһŸĸǵķţѾλǰ̸ãȥȡƵ
ŮˣҲٶʣӣȻѾʮ꣬ˣӼˣҡͷ˵̫ᣬ
ΪˣӻصҵƣƸ绻֣мǸָȥֱӽ磬Ʋ񣬺ͺһ£ȻøģǱˡ
ƶӱýϾͺлͶ̸ã¹ˣԵȥɽȡط

֮裬ޣֻ˵ԵֵԵвٲˣƫҪ컻˾һһܸ˸ǵĽ
ϹʱӲ٣ڣжٴͲö֪ˣʹ֣Ҳ֪ļĻָʧҲһʱܹһġ
ҲΪƲŻҪףϾǴл͵Ŀе֪ɵȷôһ״ڡ
ҪɾܹʩչҪʩ˵ԪһۣԪΪʿ˵ʮ־޴ģʮֽܵĹϵûԸķԼԪʩչ˸ıǡ
ңָǵĸı䣬ȫģҲ˵ķԪҲһܸʩ߻ĸǡ


541 ڤ𶯣
ͺͶĲһһβУֻܵڶΣΣõģһξܻóøǣõĻǿɾ˵׼ˡ
ףС͵컻աɾʩչңÿʩչһΣúķʮԪʮԪһɾ˵Բ࣬ǣҲԲ١
֪ɽΪ˸ֳøǣҲʹһףɽĸڣλɸʩչʮŸֳһϼѸǡ
ʮΣһֻʮ꣬Ǿٶ꣬ҪǷһ˵ϣмܳܵסƽ̯ɽΪֳĸ⣬λɸҲʧ˰Ԫ
һɣǼֱǲܵ£ԣȻиĸǵķţǺ˻ѡʹãἺΪ˵£Ϊ޽磬Ǻѿġ
˵ԼĶøǣķٶԪҲ⣬ϾѪ
ľ磬ٶԪڲʮ꣬ʣµԪޱɲôԪԼһϼѸǣ
Щﰵİ£ѾʼȻûЩȣҲǰСˣУҲǶģΪƵĹϵһЩɶÿɵɫ
⼸꣬ͽԶˣܶ˶ɣϾĹλ񾳽ĴڣǴ߳ģҲЧӦˡ
Խ࣬ɹѡĵӾԽ࣬ѡϼѵĵӣԺķչҪ
ʱµӣɽΧŵˣǽһֱ࣬Ѳɽˡ
ʦ㣬ʦܣæأ
ʮʱ䣬ջգȺȻܿϤӰСòѡӵĿ٣æýͷö
̧ͷһ˶Īľϲʦ֣ôˣ
ʦ֣
һ㶣ƿȥֻȷǷȴ֪ʲô·
Це£Ҫźǰ̸̸һǡ
ʦָղŴ飬ǣѵá
СһЦʮ겻ҲѾֹ磬ɾʦڣΪһĳϼˡ
ƹһЦ˰˰֣ʱʧ
ǰո˭һȴǵĵӺʵ
ݸһЦʦ֡
ԭǰ
һˣĻ֮󣬶ɽ·ǸӰȥ޵ĳ羴㽡


ҵ˳õ컻ףƿ˿ڵľ磬ףѾ跴ˣֻһ飬ͨ͸
ӸˣүӦһ¡ĸ룬ЦݵĶƵ
ǰһôʲô£˵ɡưһۣͷҲѧῪЦˣǰССӵĽԼȴүˡ
Ļ˵ǰǰڣǰδһСӣı֣ҲûʲôֵģڣѾ񾳽ĸ֣СӣȴôҲ˵ȥˡ
ƵİлͶɾĴڣҲλɸڼһЩ֮㣬ʵʮǰѾ֪׳˶ٱ
Ƿǳмģ֪Ʋǳ̶ʮ꣬ѾϾ
ƵʻȻһЦҲʲô£Ҳ֪⼸ֵɿͽʱ򣬰ºһ쾫ӢᣬҺʦһ£ʱҲЩһЩ
ûбҪ˰ɣ
ƺ˺ԭԼ氡
ͺ͵ϣѧѧشһһЩѧԱ̨˵ƺܲңнˡ
бҪƵĻЩӣ඼ǳͷģҪǲ϶кܶӻʧңȻûдڹʲôϾǴǲɽ߳ȥ
ƸЦһˣˣһӢѣֲûвμӹ
һЦƲμɵľӢᣬʱʮ꣬ٴβμӣȴ̨ϵίˡ
ҲͰˣҿҲûˣȾӢٻȥ⼸죬ӢԺĵǺúôΡǰסƵֱۡ
֪ϲô׷ŹҡҡҡͷŸո»飬ͱϿɽϣͲλ鷳
һۣҲ˵Ʋ֣񽲵ǧѷĻᣬƺòײһβɽȻǲô˵ġ
ΣֻڲɽɽӢԺĵӽ
˵ǸӢԺĵӽʵԺ˶ˣлͺ⣬˵ʲô񽲵
񽲵ĶǴȻܶླ͵¶ǣɷϵǣھǷǳġ
ִ½ʿͬһ˼룬ԣЩǳҲܽǳ׶һ˶ԣ͸԰Ρ
˼ĿΣ˳ҲǰһЩ飬º󣬾ӢῪʼƵĳ֣ǸЩŵĵӴһǿļһδϣԼһơ


ǡ
һصǣƱֱӴŶչȥˡ
չֻ죬ƱŶϲĳ˹أøǣƵ㲻һס컻ʩչʮߴΣԭ޵磬˳óŶ
ϲǣƵ֣ƵԣڿʼҲԳΪһϸˡ
ʦ𣬵һ
һأľӭ˹ǳʲô£ϱʮء
ʲô£ʵ
ľʦչպ󣬱ڤ𶯣ħħһħǿħʮɣħҲռҲӳħѾУѰӻ
ڤħ
һ£ڤһֲǹôʲôʱðħˣǰأ
ǰڤ𶯣Ѫ죬ǰ̾ͻرڤ鿴ȥˣδ飬룬ǰò᣿ľֹ
ҡҡͷԻǰʵϳʥˣû˻ĵ֣¡


ܶ˶̸۱ڤ֮£ƸоԼչΪ޸ĸǵ⼸գʲô
Ȼˣɫʮأǳʲô¡
ǰô£鷿ƺͻˣƶŻʵ
ûж˵һӣһǰ
ƼˣͫȻһͨôǰ
ɲƲȣŵĶͨҪ֪סڤȪģʱ˵ǿڶȪ


542 ˵
£Ʋ
ǿڶȪй¶´ңũϳ֣²֪½ϻˣȡ˻ǿڶȪûѹȪй¶ҪϹű磿
룬ƾ;һ亹
ʱǰڤ𶯣Ѫ죬ʱҾ͸оǰ̽Ķʱ򣬶ȪѾˣڶȪԱߡ
ôܣƾһ˵֮ܱȪƵġ
ȡ߽飬ȪϣжǿʮȪҪýѹõö࣬ѹô궼ûг£ϲżꣿôܻ£
ûع⾵ǱΪƻġ
˭
ͫһʲô˻޴ȥѶȪ򿪣ѵ֪Ȫ򿪺ʲôô
Լɣ
һӣһͭƵǰָһָ̳һƬ̣ھϵģһƬںڵĺ
ͭΪع⾵槼͸⾵һһֻ⾵ֻܲռ䣬ع⾵ȴʱ䡣
ع⾵Բ̽ȥʹ߹Խߣܲ鵽ĹȥԽԶƶž棬ֻģһл˲ʱ
һƺ̴ѣðẓ́һϷӿڶ̴м䣬һƬϤľֻ̨һۣ֪ʾǱڤںףǿھǱƷסĶȪ
ʱǶȪʮְͨžڣϡܿһɫĹâ
ʱһӰȻ˾ϡ
ǣˣ
ǸӰޱȵľ㵣˱һǣЩѣǿòǻɻңҲʶǹˡ
ˮѹʮֲֿ˵ȥһΣȴǿˮѹ˻ͷôȥѲΪб
ںߣʮֵĳڣϵĿ¶ϲţҲ֪ʲô
һĻһڵþīһھô꣬Ѿ˹ϵǿŽһֻҪû˶еĶͲܳǣ˶ǿɾ˴ˡ
Ѿ֮ûмӳ֣Ǵȴѣ٣񾳽Ĺ˵ѡ
˫ǮۿС۾Ѿ֪ʲôˣΪãϼһҪǮҪʲôڤһֱ֣һġ
ĺֹ֪ǲܵģΪع⾵еĻ棬ǼǰģѾ˵£޷ı䣬֪ˣڱڤ͸ðڹˡ
϶ððʧʧⲻ֪Ѿ˴
ϣ˾ȣֱһº˻ϡ
էйһƬĻ˵Ĺ˲ŭԽ˷ܣȣھڲͣôš
ͨϾԼ֧Ż֣ܼĹ֮£âԽԽڹ˵Ŭ£飬ԭΣžһ˾ߡ
һĻƵĳ˹ȵףƣȪ϶ҪˣɱĹˣװĶʺô
Ѿʱˣ˵ϻЦóȥ
УЦÿɿˣȻʱƿǾдܳһŨĺǺоͺһһʮֵĿֲ˻ϲ֮УѹûзΣյ١
ֱ˹˵ţϵЦ̾ͽסˣޱվţһ˫С۾ľľĿǰһһ㣬ͨҲڵء
Ƭ̺󣬹˻Ϊһź˲ӻʧ
浽Ѿ˸ŵĲ²˽⣬ѻع⾵˱ڤˮ֮ˣʵǸɢޣʵڡ
ҼǱڤһ֣йˡüͷ˵ͷǣѵ֪ǶʲôôȻ޴Ѷ򿪡
ҡҡͷ˵槼ǼС֪ں֮£³ʥˣֻЩϹ֪ϣ֪Ȫˣһƶù
ˣҲ֪֮ȪҲǳľģũϷӡȪѾǼʮǰˣ֪µģҲֻЩϹϹ
ô죬Ȫ緢ѵҪϹű磿ƿг˵ǡ
ûлش𣬶ǵǿڶȪ˽٣


543 ħ
һ£ҲǴһλǰĿе֪һ˵Ϲʱ򣬶Ȫ緢ʹô½ħȾһֲֹΣҩ֤Ȫӡ
֪Ȫķӡʲôôʵ
ˣЩãȻȪ֮УѵӦǶˮ
ľ˵𣬵궾Ȫ꼰½Լ⣬꼰ôģǶȪ֮ӦòǶˮǶˣﻰ˼ƺˣոڻع⾵һܳ˹˵壬Σʲôħᡣ
ҡͷʱ漰Ϲ⴫Ҳ񾳽ˣҲ޷
ǰ뽲Ƶ
ǿڶȪ沢ûʲôˮ̣ǿھʵһ硣
һ磿һ۾ɵϴȻ˺üֱ
ǰɣЦһ¡
еȷ𾪣Ҳֻ𾪣һ磬Ա˵ţǶ˵ȴҪ׽ܵö࣬Ͼ硣
ǰһʲô磿ʵǸòǵڵǸռɣǵĻҵ˻ؼҵ·
ȴҡҡͷû˹ȥҲû֪ȪͷŵǸʲô磬꣬ؼ仹ֻλʥˣ棬δ֤ڶȪһαǰյһģһĺ𶯣Ѫ죬һڹƱڤ׹壬֮һλ츳ѵľ꣬Գħ棬޵һɴ󷨣ʥ޽磬˼ɱ޽ΧɱǵûгʧأʵԽԽǿվ˶ʥʥ·ּʥŰնˡ
ԽԽǰ˵λ꣬ĪϹŴħȣ
֪ɴ󷨣ȿħеħǣԯϣǸ֣пܾˣҲֻŸԳħ档
˵ͷûзϣûȣΪǴһģǶǴҶħڶʥɱȣֻն޷ħֻ꣬ܽͻضȪԯѹ
ʥ˶ûޱȵ𾪣ʥʲôǿܵģôܻٲȵħꡣ
΢΢ףֻѹ޷ħҲϻض磬ֻͨշתԯѹħΪ壬Ȼ޷ӳһս֮󣬴½ʮֱ꣬ʮǰ´ңħսʱ½ֻʥ˴У˹ɱȣһսʤħ岻Ҳ֪ڤȪ£Ǳԯħַ˳
˵˶٣£ҲӦ֪ˣʥѡũϣũⳡѣȵڶαܣֻնħѹ붾Ȫ֮Уʱգ֪ЩµˣֻЩϲĹġ
ˣɫ쳣ĳأȻʥɱβһ罫ɱΪƫҪʥأ
̾˿ʥҲЩ飬㵱ʥܵôҲǵΣ֤ʥҲóʲôʲô²ʱҲɼǵʹ춼շЩ˵ġ
ô
ˣĪһįǰֻʥܣȴӻе֪ԭʥҲɼʱˣ֮·ô
ħ˳ô꣬¸ǿǰɸճʵ
ҡҡͷֻһһˣǿڶȪѾһʥѹţ槼ں׿أֻǻ֪һҲҪȥѹǶȪǰȻȥᣬúܣֻһȱɽִ½췭ظһʲôħǱ߹ҵҲš
Ƴһ£Ĵڣؾһ磬ҲǾԶĴڰɣǰͨҲûȥסȪҲöһֱϡ
ҲףֱӽͨǹѱᣬҲţһ´½ϵķ紵ݶ̽˵䣬ħոնɹʵҲ߲ĶȥҪʰ硣
΢΢ףҵ˵ħ˸ħħˣħһƬң룬ħ֮ȥħ򡣡
˵ĻȥƣħʵףмСģ֪ô
صĵ˵ͷ

ǰ˵ʲôôüչģ
£ڸЬףܰԱ߿ţڴϣšüͷ֪Щʲô
˺ʻһתŮҪȥһˣܵùղŻѾ˸ǣпտԽЩǡסѧϰ
ҪȥĶܰʵ
ֻǳȥתת죬ʮ£ܿͻġƵ
Ůһ£ֲɵӣȻ˵ɣǶóһ㶼ɣոɴôãضʲôֵ¡
еߣתƣƸ磬ǰ˵ʲôˣ
վŮڶŮһ£ˣûʲôѵסҵģõģЩϢɣȥ
ϣ뿪˷䡣
Ůһۣ϶˵ǡ

գöľ񣬺һһЩѶϢֻ֮뿪ǣľȴǱһֿŲС
ħ
Ƶڶħħ򲢷ǳӡеҲɽˮֻʿ඼ħѡ
һħ򣬻Ǳ槼һ۾͵ˣһȴҪи·ҵõħڡ
ӣħͷʵǿڣҲǶ֡࣬
ƣ治֪θ룬꣬һǳУڣħʥľȻİΪʦ֪γƺˣձ㣬һʦүΪ
ƱϾʮ꣬һʦүǽвڡ
΢΢ף⻰Ҳѡ
ħôʵ
ʱ·ͻȻħͷʵҵֻɢӣӳĿһ붼Ӧûвٵӣ¿Ѿ˶֡
Ƶ˵ͷһ˵ط㾶ֱȥɡ
⣿ǣ
Ӧһе֪֮ģʵǸħͷ׶༪٣ƣҲֻ׸


544 磿
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һȥûʲôر֮ʱƻħǲѾ˷棬һħȴɽۣƺû⵽ʲôƻ
Ƶ˵ط簴֮ǰķԸʮָɴŤͷ뿪ˣɽ⣬ʶħ̽ȥ
ټħһˣһƬš
ಣ
һڹӹд˲Ƶǰһڷֱͦһȣϸ治ţǰ˻֮ǰǸ̬ӵĹˡ
Ǻʶ˫С۽Ķƣ̰дżɻ
ҸýˣǽħҲ˵ֱѯʣǿƱ֪Ѿˡ
ǣС֪ûͦģڹֲҰҲٰţ㰮ôôаɡҡҡͷһνģ෴ֻ۾ƣĿȴԽԽ}ˡ
ôƺ촽Ƹȥһ㡣
Ƶȶ˹ˣҲõļ䣬֪˭
룬Ȼüһ˿ɫ֪㣬ǰڤףǸȡӣ˰סڵˣɣ
Щ⣬ԭʱ˾ѾԼסˡ
ûơҲûбܻ䣬ֱ̹Ȼֻϧ˹Ļɫö˶˵Ľ˳ûõɱ֮
ԣѹңȻҳǼνʥˣԣûκΣͨＸʮ꣬ӣұҪ췭ظ˹Ц
üͷһϣΪ㻹ӵô
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˴ЦֹһۣСһ֪ڸ˭˵ôССڣ㾳磬ϵģûһǧҲа˰٣Ǽνʥˣû˸ǰ˵⻰
ǰǰڣ᲻գʵǿĶȥҡҡͷĵڿս֮ǰЩ㡣
СӣҺ㣬ǰȻôסǸϧһҾͻ㣬ٴ֮ǰʲôʰɣҽã׹˹Цš
ڹŵĻƲ⣬ֱӵҺܺ棬ǴӺδ
ˣһ£ǵĻ˵⡣
ʲôطƽʵ
̯̯֣֪ĻԼȥ
Ҫܹȥ㣿Ƶ
ˣһ˿ȣһֵ磬࣬ǣڰҲĿռ޷ûеֻһĻ壬ԻΪʳ໥ɣûйûֻǿʳΪ˱˶մմϲգͳ˱˵ͣǸֲ磬ҲͬǸǿߵ硣
ϴأ˵Ǹ磬һǵǸռˣжЩʧȴǵġ
Ĵڣ磬ж٣ĵ⣬ȴ֪ĹǷϻش
ǣ˲ûбܻ䣬ֱӿ˿ڣʮǰ뿪ʱӦôɣǶҵĶ֣Ըңҵռͨð磬ǸѾݲңҪ𣬴ǼνʥˣٻȥǸ磬Ǽϼһ㡣
ʥˣҲ롣ҡҡͷ棬ҩȺӡΪ֮ͨУϻȥѲɼʮһǼ϶ͷʵѾ㣬㲻һȥˣ
˵˵ˣһǼϼһһȥͨͷҲסˣ֮ͨпా˼ʮ꣬ߣҶ㡣
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һǲʱ˵Ļ¶ѾЦˣԭǺ䣬ͷҲΪˣ˵ҲǸ档

ŭˣħɵĴڣȻ˵ֱǲˡ
һ˫ɱĿƣ˵Ѿ˵꣬ԹԵ־͸һԷתĻһɣԶĨ
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ΪţȴֻܿЦҡҡͷɣ֪ؼʥλҡ

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ԣ뵽İ취ֻеȵʥ˳Чµ棬ҩʥħ·ӡ


һս̫ʦ˸룬ԸǻһլӣĻ뷽
Գɾ֮ݵλȻҪ̧ˣĻѰگ飬Ϊ
ۡڴ֮ǰѾɣһֱûаȥסϾҲûˣסôһլӣԵÿյǹԽ֮󣬾һֱţȴǲҲðȥˡ
Ͼԭ̫ʦѾ޷סˡ
ħһս£ǿɲ˼ɳ֮ҰһϢת˲֮ʹ˳ȥ½
ӵһҵơ
ƣҲǹһֱ֮⣬ֵܣڤ˼룬뵽һӦ֮ߣɶԸħͷ


549 ǰ棿
ɣҲи취Ƶ
Ŷˣȴһ㶣Ҿġ
ǰ˵ɡƵôãʲô׵ķ
ˣֱӵҲѾﵽ׼ʥˣ֮ǰҲħսӦ֪ħжôǿħûһγûһβûн½췭ظģǾ仰ҵֻܣնҲնħ꣬ڵаףȴϼѣһĶǣҲûҹƣ²ָܻ۷磬ʱ½ؽңһ򶼽Ϊĸ֮ΪǿĵʯλʥѾ֪٣ָҵֻԾȡ
ˣǰսָ»ϲʱ䡣
ΣҲסɱǺܱҪǿǾƲŹǵġ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵һ㶼ħжôļǳģջָ˵ʵֱˣƼʱأ˶ħͷϡ
ǰʲôʵ
˶٣³֣ʥˡ
ʥˣǰ˵λʥѾ֪ôʵ
˵ͷûʥǲ֪ˣǣ㲻ҪˣʥǰҲˣؼֵܳλʥˣβħ
ȴǺ뵽һȥˣˣȴǸоЩ㵣˴꣬ôӣ
ħʥ֣ħÿһһʥλ֣ĵ桢ҩ涼Ӧٶħļɾʥλħţؼ仹ܳʥĻֻ֤֮һλ
˭ʵѲɻҲʶľ
ľ£ƴûｲԳľ츳ʥ˶޷㵽Ĵڣ˵ˡ
Ƭ̣ĿƵϣ˾㣡
ң
ƵȻһֱǾ㵣ľ˵˵˵ЦɻҲô˵ЦɾͿˡ
û㡣ƶĵ
ҡҡͷܣǰҲţʱ䣬ҿԳԣħˣ̶һʱ䣬Ҫ֤ǲǼܣǾԲܣĵ桢ҩ棬֮ܳɾʥλʵٲ桢ʥĵ㲦λʥ˲֪ټҳʥǲЦô
ʥɲ˵˵еģ˼ʮϰ꣬׼ʥתƣ֤ĻŶûʮ꣬ܵ׼ʥ磬Ѿ漣е漣ˣһֱǳΡ
ִ½ôˣʳڵ˲ȴֻλʥˣÿһ˶֤ȫһ翣üŵĿ꣬Ҳϲڶʱڳʥ
ʥҪʲôû˵˵ͬ˵
˵ܣһܡ
ǰΪôţޱȵĲ죬Լûţȴƶ治֪ʲôôš
µҲˣ֪ǰĿƵĿơ
ԣһ£ǰʲô˼
ǰɲǵһͨôѲɻ֪Լ֪ԼǴӵģ
İҮʶûоѣȴǰ֮ˡ
ҡҡͷҼǵá
⻰ҪƸӵĲ졣
ƶ˶٣ǰʵ硣
ŶϵıԵЩŹ
ƿЦһ£ڵʵѾ赣ֱӶԻ̹ˣҲ磬ǴһΪռģǶִ½ԲطһƬޱȹĿռ䣬ǿռһӴ򣬶ңһеϵˣֳСгɾͣȴһջ콵ʮǰĪĳִ½ӴɽƣҲ˽ҡ
΢΢ţþûܻعƺǱƵһϯסˡ
ǰǰɣ˵ĶʵƿЦһ£⻹ִ½ϵһθ˽ǰ£ʱʮ꣬ʱٻԼһΡ
ԭˣ
ð죬عƺͨʲôؽڣ˵ģһһǵռһ
һһ㶣治֪ǰ֪
΢΢ףûȻȷϣ߰˲İա
ǰԣˣѯʣôһ˵òԼǰţƵģѲҲִ½ˣ
棡
죬һ³ϳ˳羴¡
棿
ƾһɲֹһֱǰ㿪ʲôЦô棿
Цһ£ǰɣʵҲţʥôֻأǣһʼ㣬Ҿ͸оһϤϢҵҲʶϢûңҲȻ¶Ҳһ˿µȷתȥˡ
ôܣǿһʥʥˣĴڣôȥתҡͷ˵Ļʵ̫޻ˡ
ˣʥ£ҵȷôܲ²壿ûΪʲôĪִ½ΪʲôҪԵ־Ϊʲôұ˶ƫƫ㣬Ůˣʥ˱ӻΪʲô䣿ʥ֮µһˣΪʲôҪѾĻֻת£Щ㶼ô
һĻ̰Ƹסˡ
ϸһ룬һϵеʣǻ˵ЩгľԳľ֮ҲԵڳľڣľԼ˵һѻ֮һ̬ԼޱȵĹѵѵΪԼת
ڲ֮Ԩԯţ滹صظ˶ʥˣΪĺСھɽػ
槼֮ǰԼÿȥŮһˣ¸Լ˵Ϊħ£һֱûȥѵҪԼ˵ģҲ£
Щûûܸ𰸣ǰֻɻһһɻ˽ֻһֱɻȥڻһ𰸣ܲ
һģͨͨƸоԼѪѹ˼㣬ԼӵĴԽߣǰȻִ½ʥˣ
֪ţǲø˵ģӰУʵ;磬Ӧòõˡҡҡͷǲţһ滨ңô˻Ļ֭ɼǰȻǰʥˣ˻һЧԸ⣬ҿɾѰֻ˻ֻУѰס


550 ӡ
ش˰죬㣬ˡ
òױ֣ң⻨槼Ŀ˵һִڴ˵еĻ槼Ȼͨ󣬲Ǵ˵еĶô׺ҵģ
ǰʲôֻƣң˻һϯЩ֪𰸡
氡ǿ̫ŵһʥˣʥֵſʼˣ˵ֵĿʼ棬û棬;ûڵִ½
ִ½Բʥˣǣܲ棬ԳΪʥ֮ʦƵǰһλȻĴô
ƺ֪𰸣Ҳ֪𰸣ǣ˵ģ֮ǰҲȫͨˣ
ǰΪʲôתѵλʥ˶ֻأʵ
ҡҡͷңô֪⣬ԼŶԡ
ˣĬãⷬ˵ޱȵ𺳣Ͳţ
֪Ϊʲô˵ܳʥ˰ɣ
û˵ðŵǰһжֻĲ²⣬ҵԼһأǾƲ֤ģ
Ȼֻǲ²⣬Ѿʮþȣʱж̣Ҳô̵ʱ֤˵ЩΪҵңȥֻ֤Ƭ֮£
˵ףǰ֪Ѱô
ˣҡҡͷ翣ֻܿԵ
ǰûҾ˰ҮʶҲתֽΣʵ
⡭Զԡ
ƵǰʵؼǸ֤˲ֻһˣ
Ŀƣò˵ҰɣҼʮ궼û֤ڶʱ֤
ҡҡͷǰ˵ˣ㣡
Ŷһ㶣ֻ˭
ƵǰҲʶϸ˵λˣһ

һ뵽ʲô˵ľ
΢΢ס
֪ʲôطʵ
ľҪȻﻹҪϲ٣ǺһľҪ滹ҪϵĴڣ
Ի۽磬֪ܲľǳľ츳ʥ˶ҵںδô֪
Ѿ˵ľֻ֮һֱԵüվȻƿеֻ֪˵⣬ѹûľ
ϵشҲٱܻ䣬ֱӵʵʮǰҾѾͳľǰʶˣңһľһ֤֮ղԶ
˵Ŀʵʵ
ĵ˵ͷ
һһӣ꣬Եüλǰڻţתô
ƲȷҲֻʥ˱ˣſ
ɷȥľǰʵ
ǰ˵Ҫչذ꣬ǲȥţ¼ȨһȥɣҲ˵ҲаٰҪʳľŻ͹ȥ

ô룬׼ʥ˵Ҳת˲֮£ֻƬ̣˱Ѿ˳ľկ
벻Ȼ
ǰСկﳤ̾һط˵Ҳң˵ҲңǲǧҲ˺ü꣬ȴδκεĸо
һͨͨɽկһλɾʿûУʵ󣬴˵еľȻһط
ԶԶģѾܹߴľȺ˰׶ӣö˵Ǿľˡ
ľľһľѾܳƵľˡ
˸ûнկֱһ粽կӺɽվ˳ľ֮¡
ľǰһλǰţһƶųľ˹֪Գľ϶֪Ѿˡ
£ӴϣֳһŲϵ
ǰ̶ųľһ
ľĵ˵ͷԭҲǵ⣬Ѿ֪ħ粻ʱֹһƽ٣ڵСӶ޷뿪ǰﲻæˣһлÿԼ
⡭
ƺͻﶼһͣȷľ޷֤Ļ㾳ٸߣҲֻһѣľկ޷뿪ôܰʲôæ
ǰ֤ŻҪãʵ
ľҡͷһ̾ʮأ߰ʮɡ
£ƶһۣʧʥ˲ħҵȴΪǰ֤ȴԱ֮ħҵ롣
һҲһ˵ȷǸǳɱħҵľկ˳ľĴڣʩչɴ󷨣ѳľ˵Ļǿ治֪˭סħ
ľ̾˿ȴ赣ģʥ˶ѰסҵĴڣħͷҵҵĻ΢΢
һ򣬾һӲСšüͷ
Ժһɡ
Ǹ÷ӣƵ˵ͷĿ˳ľϣǰһһ㡣
öˡľֱӴƵĻѾ˴𰸣ֺαң
ؾĻشƿɲϰݣһҪľԼһ׼ȷĴ𰸲Уǰ˵ҿתô
ľ̾벻ǣҲܸ𰸣ֻܸ㣬Ѿûʥ˴ڡ
Ȼȣ
Ѿûʥˣʲô˼˵ʥ뿪磬˵
ʥֻءеʣľ
У
Ƶһλʥ˶ֻأʥ˿ǺܲĴڣôֻأ
Ϊʲôʵ
ľʥĴڣֻأȻǵԭҲȥ̽ѰҪģҪħ˲С
ʣ˸ʥתȫ޻̸֮ǣȴӻеִ֪ӳľеõȷϣɲƲţϵȷûʥˡ
ңϾλ׼ʥҰﲻæԸħ£ֻλ
⣡
ľ˵ţȴȻһ
תһѾɫ䡣
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ڸղţĸоڱڤǿڶȪϵķӡֱ˸ƿˡ
üͷһ壬ħѾˣ˭ȥǷӡ

ʱľ̾˿ǿЩȥɣҪˡ
ô
Щ㵣֪Ϊʲôľô˵
ľǶȪһħ磬ǶȪҪزסһħѾôѲЩħͷԽһǰδеĺƽ١
ˣпһ£תҲ΢΢ͷûв´ƻӡģħ֮ǰвʣƣħһ硣


551 ٣
Ӧòɣħ˵ͨУִ½ͨˣħͬҲͷͨˣܻصħ磬ôᱻͨмʮꣿʵ
ħͷ˵Ļôҡҡͷ
ȥɣ
ľ̾˿ϵ֮С
˶ҵһ뿪˳ľկȻ뿪ʱ򣬻һػڳľ£Էħϳľ

ڤס
ʯ̨ѾٻȪͬҲٻˣֳҲ
ͨˣѹһֱ̫ʱֻʣһʯмԭһտյĶڣƺһεػţˮ޷룬վڶԣֻܿкģ֪жô䡣
ǰûع⾵̵
˵ͷع⾵ȡ˳֮˵üͷԵʮֵࡣ
ٵȪģǱˣħ
Ȼͨ˵ħ磬޷ôгɻ
ҡҡͷһ磬ûȥ˵׼
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ȡɸߵֱ̫ǶȪԱߣֱϷֱдš̡ǡ硱𡱣֡
㣬ûֱ֮У˲ʱֱϷֱһ
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ѹ˶Ȫ֮ϣȪϷγһʵĹĻȪΧС
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ôܻ£ƿһֻгޡ
Ȼʥ˲󣬵ڣħͷٻҲһʱ󡣡
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΢΢ףĿƵϣֵܣҸ˵Ļ
ˣһ£֪˼ⶾȪʼǸĪһٻҪ취ʰõķǾֻ֤ܵʥˣܽħͷƷ
һ񣬻˵һϣƵͷϡ

Ӻͻ˱ڤػԷһ
ӱڤ壬һʱȥȴǲ֪ټֶá
ȥһŮɡ槼
д⡣
Ƶ˵ͷ槼ͽȥŮʱȵ£Ҳûڳʱ䣬ȥһˡ
ԣ槼νǰҲЩ֪һδȥŮҲǺйء

֮ҰŮɽŮ
ŮǾŮһ槼ŮˣȻҲھŮһڵɽһ棬ͬҲŮ棬ݵλǳߡ
֮Ұ֮УŮǶ⣬һɽֻһ˶ϡ٣ûжˣԣĻŮϵһ
ɽһŮŮӣò绨һˣ磬һƬࡣ
еӿɽʮֵĺ棬ֻ槼ģҲû˸ǰʡ
槼ֱӴƣһ߸ߵĴǰ

ϷҶϣд֡
Ķȥɡ槼ָָǰĴƵ
ҵĶƲ졣
槼΢΢ףѾ㼸ˣȥɡ
㲻ȥʵ
槼ҡҡͷ㡣
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С
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ɻĿǽ񣬿ģûкԼʲôư
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һٷһ׹⣬ȻϥϷƮƵǰ
ʮֵľȣ˫ס١
ʯɣ׵׵˿ȥʮֵǣ˸еǣٵϣȻĲʮҡ
ǣ٣
˵̫ʱڣɽ񣬸˿Ƴؼһ٣ʮңʮ壬֤ʥ
ǰ٣ҲͬʮңŮУûɲپǷ١
ḧƾȻʮϤٵĸо·һ㡣
һϢȻûƵԺ
Ʊ˫ۣƬ̺۾һ˿⡣


552 ֣
ûپǷ٣
֤ƾ٣ֵ벻Ȼ槼˵Լ꣬Ѳ˵Լת
վԭأ˺һƲŻع˳ȥ
Ƴ槼ӭôõô
΢΢ס
槼ˣҲǵ˵ͷԶЩʲôӦ֪һЩǰ˰ɣ
û˵һŵ룬ѾѰҵ·ˡ
·ʲô·
Ȼ֤·ոڴٵһ̣бѾ˴˵ڷٵİ£˵һЩڵѾԼ֪֤ˡ
뿪槼ʵ
ǰɣһЩƵ
槼Ҳûֱӵͬһ𣬸عء
лˡ
ƼһЦƮȻȥ

ڷߣ˲Ϣء
ǳǽһɽ֮ϡ
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һ޴ʯͷƵǰɮ붨㣬һһ
Ȼ˫һէй
䣡
ǿʯͷһӾڵ˿Уڰղͣת
ָһ㣬ǿʯһѸڻΣĻΪһʯ̨
ʯͷǵԯŵعеĻʯǰŮ֮УѾˣԼ֤·Ӧʯ֮ϡ
ҪƳһʥϹ£֤ʥλ
֮ĸ٣Ѿ˳ʲôǿĴڣܱΪʥ
ãʯѾΪһʯ̨״
֣ȥɣ֤֮󣬸
һ䣬ڳ̾
漴һƵڵϣΪһòŮŮƹ˹ת߽Ƿʯ̨


䣡
󣬱ڤ𶯣󱻻٣ޱħй½Ƭ½廹壬ǰδеĻңħʴʬҰߺС
ְ꣬ħǿƹԷħʥħ壬սƬ½½Ϸ죬дѪȵζ
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벻벻ȻиϹҲգұ㽫Ⱦʳ˵ܸһ
УܲӰӰ´£ӰħͷΪһͷ˫ǣĿľħ·ɽկϷдޱȵĲ
ӣĴԨ֣۳ľկԴһޱȵĽţ̶̰ʱ䣬ħִ֣½Ϳ̿ǰǳƽ٣
𷴿ȴˣħŰ꣬Էع飬֮ǿֱɨ˻ϣܵ
Ҳ֪ԵΣȻħҵľڣлػ֪֣ͨǰľҪ֤ĴڣħɣǺֱ롣
ѹȣǰһȣħ壬磬þˮˮοƣôͿ̿ḷ́ȥɣҪڼѪˡ

Цȫ¼Цͷανʥ˷ӡͨʮ꣬˸˭㣿ǰСӣһۣƴҪľȫƿӡ⣬ָ˭㣿ǼνʥҲˣСҲҲȻҪЩ˶ǵͷϡ
ȣ㿴Ƭ½ж޹֮ٴѪծҲ˰ɣľ̾Ϣ
ˣ˵ɡһҵ˻ûôˣһɱĲ࣬ҪףֻܳǼϼһҪĹǾ͹ԹˣһԷǵȥͶ̥תĻ𡣡
ǰƾΣգǿƿӡ˵Ҳ֮ͨлΪ촷ۣصħ֮ȳԾͷһ·ħ⼸λħɣħʥ磬ڣʥ壬ᱻľĺˣ
ս޿ɱˡ
ת˿ӣ˽ǿЦۼģѾִ½ﵽ񾳽ģʮˣǣǶȣû˿ʤ㡣
ȵʵ̣Ϊ̣ڼʮǰǸߵȱܽ췭ظ񣬾ʮλκΣοڵʵʤʮλһϣҲֻȳһ١
죬ѵҪҵȣ̧ͷ죬һ̾Ҳ룬֣֮ȻѾ޷ת
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ȹһЦʩչħɱһ٣ȻؼһһƬ߲ϼӶʳޱѹ˲ϯƬأضȻɫڤڤһ
ʲô
ޱ߲ʹأǧħ˲仯ΪޣȵЦȻֹĿɿڴĿŶ
ҲסˣǹѹӶϯ˶Ĺȥһ̣ȣ֮䣬飬Թڵء
֤֤ˡ
ﾪϢϤһ֮УĴΣǵΣ֤ʥңһεϢǰδеǿңȻ̲סڵء
һĻɪɪȻ֤ʥִ½оˣʥܣסħ
ǣǸˣʥΣΪħʥ֤Ҳϸҵ̤ʯ˶ȣʥ㡣ȻһȣſһŴ죬·˿
ô
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ȻûеĻأֱӾͰȸ˽ȥƬץƲ֮С
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Ƭ̣һӴƲ֮ƮȻ£˶һ˭󻹸һòŮӣ槼
ݼ棡
˾ϲĪ˸ǼûݣոǶΪɣû뵽˵ת
Ƴ֣ӱ֪Ѿ֤ѾѰǰ˲֪˿ڳ棬ҲһˣܱΪˣ˭ǿһʥ
΢΢ף̯֣һӰȱǬڷȴ޷ӡ
Ѿħʥʥƽ׵ĴڣȻôױˣ˿öޱȵĳݡ
֪ڸôüͷűеʵ
ô㣿㳬ԽʥˣôܣҳȥҪһսȷг޵ķŭͲš
꣬˶գŵħʥ磬عִ½ֻΪһףֻǰʱ䣬ǰƿһۣ󣬾Ȼ׵Ĵܣܸô
ȻִԲұѰȥɡ
ҡҡͷһУ˱һʯ̨ƿƲ㻺¡
֣ƶʯ̨
ʯ̨һ̫ĸҥʹ磬һòŮǲʹ߳
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