==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================

ߣֻСϺ

ݼ飺
أ֪ϲģǣţ
ָͣ壿ǣ壡
ΪУΪս˷˵ϣԼһأ
񣬹Žϡ忪
һݺ˫쾧Ծ壡
ЦңЦ죡ɣǬ
ͽ----ʦ--ʦ------------ʥ--



һ 


1 
½Ϊ
᰹ڴ½һǣΪħɽʷ浽ҲḻϾħڵħƤǶֵǮƷڴ½ҲǼΪ
ǣֻ᰹һеȵĳУʹħɽϣҲΪûٱħ޹ǡ
⣬һСɽ¡
վɽϵһúҶ£̽һƺڵʲô˵ĵ뵽ˣ֮ڣֳЩЩ֮⡣
£ûЩ¶Ųӣ˿ҲתΪȻ
ֱϼ죬һӯӰŴǵĴСܶ
Ƹ磡
ɽȪˮ֮õķǸ˲ƽ֮ҲһЩЦ⡣
ǰŮڴ˵ȴ֮ˣ
Ůʮһ֮һ꣬һȹȻСǣһСȴѾǺΪ£˫ˮɵĴ۾ǿɰ
ңŮҲܲ򵥣ΪĴ֮һҼСŮλҲͬҵС
ˣ
СǰС֣ȻľŷƵֱۣһҡΣһ˫ˮ۾ֱ꣬ƺԭ¡
㰡
ֵ˵Ůǣ֮⡣
˵ΪζԷܣҲΪǰһ£죬͵͵ˣҶߣзƸϵȥһ٣Ǵ֮ÿη˴ʱҲ
Ҳ꣬СĸҲǱ÷ǳ
ΪһֵŮˣһҪͽܣԣҲһʱѲ
СЩ޷޵
ͽܣ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ʵû
ҿĴ֮һͽģǱضǼ֮ˡ
ҵͲء
˵ЩޣСҲ

Ӧһ˶ݵ˼С
ҲͬΪĴ֮һҵӵܣŮôһ˵ף϶иʶŮ츳Բͽ֮ġ
Ӧˣ
ŮĪĻԵԭӦø˵£ǣȴģ˵ĸо
СûӰӳſڼӶֱ
ৣৣ
΢ƿ쳹һһŮСǰ
Ȼľͽ󣬾Ŀˡ
ôˣ
ӷðͷĻš
ҵļ˷
㻹˵Ͽ
˷˫ֱۣǳ
Ŷ
ӦһƶСӷ˳˶һ˹ȥ
ˣ
ίĿƽʱ۰ԼĸףЩΪĴ³
ߣ
˷һûᣬһ˫۾ŷơ

˴ţҲ֪˵ʲôá
ң˷ϣоһǿѹѹҲҴһĿתڶϵʱ񼸺һ˲ͱˡ
һŮˣɫĽȹҵݣ˾紦ںһ㡣
ÿ£
Ȼ֪Ů˭ȴãŮӵΪض˷֮ϡ
˵˭
Ʋǵôһλ
Ƿҵķƣ
ɨһǰ˷Ŀʵ
ƣĴ֮һķң糾֮ӣҲЩȴʲô
ӹţ
ԭ£˷Ҳܣڣȴһתõֱӽų⡣
ǣ
ʵӦ
ԺҪҼˡ
˷䵭˵ţ̺Ųɾܾζ
ʲô
СЩ͵Ŀ
ߣ
˷ûнԵɣһק㳯ȥ
ǱŮû˵ʲôɨ˼۷ƣƮȥ·һЩ͵վԭء
ৣৣ
ҹ紵ҶҶӣ৵ɪ
飡
ȭͷһ
ʵ
ƽҧ´̵ζڿǻӿȥ
½ʵΪûʵעҪ裬˳
Ϊλ
Ϊҵӣ´Ҽͬڣֻõҩϴǣֵȴǿ⡣
ҩǼΪԴҲļܸСõ𣬵Ҳܹһ˶ѣϾƿҪΪҼˡ
ʮʱѾͽнףĽױҲ̫ǣΪҩĵͽЩ˵ȥˣͬҵĵӣһ֮ⲻЦˣǵĵλҲǴ
Ϊԭõķ糾ҼĵλҲǴڲȶ״̬ĳҲǼҪѡֹͣƹӦҩ
ǣ˭Ҳ֪ʵƴδùҩĺôͺһ޵׶ֹ֪ҩҩЧӶ½յĿ


2 ڵ
٣٣
ڷҵϰ䳡ϣһ۵ӰԾţһ׻ȭոЩСǸǺ䤱ȴû˺ۣǿвϵķߺ֣һƬľ
½ȫ䣬ΪഫѾǵ꣬ҵķңȻҲ⡣
ʹ㣬ûԷô
һֿӣһ˫۾˸˸ɫ࣬ʱķǳ֮
ΪʣһʵѾﵽʦ磬ΪҵĶ֮һǣҲǺ
ҲЩСΪµһλĺǳ£ЩСǸǼӴԼϵ
ⷬʵҲ¶һЩɲЦ⣬ȻЩСǵı֣ǺΪġ
٣
һʮкӿʣȻδѣһСȴ֮⣬һͷԺÿһλӾǶǾԼȫϵʪ͸״̬Ѿʱˣȴû˿ķɡ
Ƿƣ
٣
һȭһţƶļΪ׼ÿһλӶܴ΢ķ
нͽ޷ǲǶ塣
һ;ΪȣֻȽʯ޳ԪҲֻ޳Ԫ֮ǲߡ

̧ͷ֮ϵգסΣһ
ϣˡ

Сһ̱ڵأԹĴЩڳݣ𽥵ȥ
Ƕʮңÿʱ˵ѾǺľȫ

ϰ䳡ϣͷһ˻ڼ֣Ľ£һ̲ˮÿһλӶֱۣκˮ
һۣû˵ʲôŻ뿪ϰ䳡
ߣװģ
һͷԵСк˷һۣЩ޷޵ĺţҩѾļͽ
ǷҶϵĵΪڣͬ꣬ʱҲѾﵽͽȻֻǳףӱϿڵ츳ȷڷ֮ϣԣŶԷƼΪ
ӵһ뷨ĻֹһˣЩͽСҲͬ
ΪԣڷС֮УǱˣңŷƵ棬䳰ȷ
ʵһУûʵͲõ˵ϿأֵƽƽƣȻͲܷڡ

Щ޷֮ƾûһ㣬ڻȭš
ΪԴЩͰ󣬵ǣȴûа취ҩûõ˵
յգѾľķƲͣȭţΪڼȥҲòʲô෴ģĽˣӻòʧ
Ҳܽľ顣

ƽûм뵽ͯĶϷУƣӣһԺȥ
ϣǵžˣ
ڴСڷƵȥ·ϣϵȫϷ֮⡣
ֿʼˡ
ǣã
ӹžӹţƫƫռõԴ
ϰ䳡ϵСǶָָţȴûǰȰ˵ʲôȫһϷģ
ƴ˴üͷǰߡ
ϣǵŻڼأ
ҲźһǰһЦĿ
ˣȫͽƣ෴ÿδԿܻǷƣѵȭңƲűǸһС׶ѣಢǺܴ
ÿ
ĿЩ˻Ƶ˵š
ôҪǲãǲҪѵҰ
۾һɣǰһŷƱƽ
飡
ӭľǷƵȭͷǣÿһε¼ٴϰ䳡ˡ
ȻԷƱһٽ

ƶˡ
ŽԺţһλӭ˳Ǻƣķƣڣ֮ɫ
ǷƵĸףأҲһ൱ļӵܡ
´αôƴ˰
óһɫϸϸΪƲСϵĺˮ⺢ӣôǿҪи̣ôأ
ɼƴ֮ʱҲΪȣӶɽѡ
֪ˣ
ֻԼĸ׵ʱ򣬷Ƶͫڲ¶˿˿顣
ĿУԼĸ۰Լˣԣһصȥ
㰡
СˣȥȻԷ
ţ
ӦһƱ㳯һƫȥ
Ҳżʮ࣬˾˽Уʹ˵Ѿϰˡ

ˮ뺹ˮƻһ׼õĸɾ˴
ڣһķľҲڷˣԣԶż
һɫϾڳԷһΪʢ
Ƿҵμ糾
ƽطеףкŷ¡
ף
ƹĳŷ糾е
ţ
糾䲻Ӧһû˵ʲôһھĬ֮г͡


3 ҵ
ֵÿҩʱˡ
˵ʵڵģƺܲҪ֮õĴΪԼô˿ӹŵĵز
ˣ
Ψһһλҩʦĳϣ˴ʮҩȵľͰڣûʲôĶһԵķ˵һ˳ȥ

˿ľͰߣѾҩȾɵɫˮĽǽľͰڡ
ģƱоҩԴӱƤ뵽ڣԭЩҩӦûǱգӶԣﵽ׵ЧǣЩҩ󣬸ûκεֱͣӾӿ븹Ȼɢ١
ôΪʲô
ͽķƸӣֻܸоԼһ޵׶һֱڷЩҩԣһ˿һҲԼ¡
ʱľͰڵҩԱȫɸɾ峺ˮᡣ
ҲǸӹŰɣ
ԳһЦ˳ȥ
ҹ䣬¸߹ң¹к¡
أأأ
ڴľ׮СϹż㣬ˮ˳䣬ϵҲʪ͸һ˫ֱۣЩףȴһֱڼš
ľ׮ǻԵģʮΣĸľܣöߵĸϣұߵĸܾͻԶԣľ׮ľͲֹʣĿơ
һʼľ׮ʱ򣬷ƿûСԿÿζƤ׵ģһһεĽȥ˭һ

վڴǰķ糾̾һĿ˸Ÿӵɫ˴
峿ϰ䳡ȥ
ƶ
糾ڽסҪķƣһͬȥһҡ
ȥң
üһأȴӦţš
Ȼ֪ΪΣǣãӦǸѩŮйء
һͬ⣬λϣǶǴԼĵϵĸСƶǲмţõķ糾üͷ壬ȴҲû˵ʲô
ʱȴǼΪ֣ǴСȫյ˵ΪѧԺһλʦˣҸֱ֮ΪͽҪȥѧԺ޶
ֱϵڱĴ£ӵĽ۾ͨ졣
˵ѧԺǿǴͷΪ᰹ѧԺ᰹дС޲ԿҪԼŮ޶
ԣһѧԺĵʦȻҪͽ˱֪Ҫһ˵ˡ
˵ʵֻһɺ϶ѣλѧԺĵʦǡþǣȻ֣СŮȻӵԣԼӵһıԣԱͽ֮⡣
һ˱ǽҴڡ
һɨȫƱǼǸŮϷ˷һԣЦ˵ЩʲôһɵվŮӵ
ԣŵҵļ볤ϣǸԵĵӶվڸ󣬴ҲȷԸԵѣܱѡߣǾǴϲһ
һ˽ЩˣΪѾûλˣʱ糾˵ɫͳ
һУΪҼ˷Ҳûʲôʾһ״ǵСͷ׶п׷ǴЩϷʵĿ⿴糾
μӹεĻôҵĵλԻĴλõ
Ƹ磡
һɫȹӰϷС˹Ҳ˼ΧˣֱӾס˷Ƶֱۡ
СŮûôĻֻ֪Լϲ磬˶ѡ
ǣһٶȴӭڶྪĿ⣬Ϊ£û֪Ƿ糾Ҳû֪
һ
˶ǿ˷

˷վĺǳ
Ŷ
죬Ĵ۾¶ЩЩίĿ˷һۣȰοĿ£Żȥ
糾
ɨһ۷ƣ˷һ飬ŷ糾е
ԼĶӣɧҵŮ룬һỻַʽ£
ܳͱ˵Ļȴõķһɫ䡣
ֱڵڳҵ棬û°ӣʱȫһ˵Ŀͱù
ӵģ

Ҫͣȴ˷ԼסֻܲĿŷƣһ˫Ѿһˮ
һӹţŮô
˷ֱӵָơ
㣡
糾һ˵
ӷҵ漸ǶˣͬļϵĵӣƵȫǳ˲ޡ


4 

ƽ¼ٵĺ˽ȭͷǰֱ˷һһٵ˵Ҳӹţ
ͣ
ǣ
⣡
ʱھʹһЩ֮
֪ҵĵӣǾǸӹţͬӵҩȴ֮ҵĵӵΪҪһ£ɲ˭ĳġ
㲻ӹţ
˷Ǵһ˿ЦŮԣӰʦΪӣʵô

ɣСŮȻʣһϡٵıϵ
˻¿ɲˡ
ڶʱΪ仰ֿˣЩ˵ɫҲǱĲÿˡ
ߣ֮ڣһÿһߣǶܳΪһ
Ҳ˵Ҫˣ
㱼䣬ЩƺˣΪҪôĵ룬μνİʦۻˡ
ȻҲΪһ仰Сֱȥ
ǰԼֻһӹŶѣô˼أ
ʱҲһԵ֮˸˺ãϷֻ˷ǸŮӰ
ɨһȫ˷ǲо͸߸ߵ
ѵǼ٣Ҫǣ뽫׮ȥ
ʵΪ𣬽ӵϣǲɵô
ƶ
糾һǰڷǰ
ף
ȫĿ⡣
ֻӰվУ϶ɢŵ
ǣ
Ůӣ糾Ҳ˺
ܳΪѧԺĵʦʵӹɡ
ĻҲ˵ǣҪɧҵӵĻҲ⣬ɱ
ӰĻͬ绮õķ糾ֱӺ
ʱԱһЩҲ¶Ϸ顣
˵Щ˰ɣ
ƣǷ´Ӱȴֱӿ˵Ҫɱͬڲҷ
ߣ
ӰĿһĨâֱ̧㳯ŷ糾ĳһơ
أ
ֻһƣȴʦ׵ķ糾ؿڣһѪֱ
ף
ƻæȥס糾
Ϊʲô֣
ŭӰͫڷѪ˿
ߣҪߵľ򣡡
ӰĿǰ꣬ɫ
ģʵϵ߽״ʦ
ߣ
ƽҧ´ԲڶţСҲǱЩ
ȻЩһֱܾۣÿ߶ǳ䳰ȷУȴԼĵߣ˿̣ԼĸףΪԼ֮ͥ£Ȼܵ裬һɷ籡
ȭͷڵͫűŭĻ棬ǰһֱӰ֮裬ҷƼ£һȥѧԺ㣡
ʮ꣬Ӱͱ˵̬£ڱˣһǻĴ˷㶡
˸޷ƽʱ˳ܵӹţȻᵱһеһԡ
꣬һͽҪʦ磬ֱǲܵ飬˶֪ССΪҪ£ǿ췽ҹ̷ԡ
ߣ
ӰһУĺһʱֻҪܳһУǾ䣡
һֱΪѵһŵҲķʱ䣬̤˴ʦ磬ʮͽӹ꣬ƾʲô
ңʱ䣬ǸʱܾͲǴʦǰļˡ
ȻҪܽѧԺǰ¡
΢Լ°ͣƣǲмһˡ
Ϊʮǰ۳ԪĻûʸѧԺġ
ҲǷѧԺΪȷ߽ӵܵһִʩ
ʱһԻ㣡
ȫȻΪС࣬嵭۵Ļ³
ףߣ
תŷ糾ĳȥ
ıӰĺ֪ܳΪΣڵȴû˳ЦԲ顣
ҲǷݵǡ
꣬һֱӹţҲˣӵԻһΣյ

ֵλϵɫǲÿ
֪ͨȥټˣ֮ҷҪѡ
ϷϷƽ˵š
ǣ
ӦһƽԼĵǰжȥ˷糾ɫ
ףԲ𣡡
ȾѪķ糾۾Щʪ
󣬺ƶһϴˢ֮裡
ȭͷؽҧ

糾̾һһǿĶӣſڣ㣬ΪҶӣ
ڷƵ˵Ҳܲ⡣
ҩҩЧδϣǱˣֱδţôƵ츳˵ãǾҲҵĲȥǣҪԵѾʦ۷ķѧԺʦܷŵģ


5 ܾ
ϣǵ˸µգԵøİ
ͣ˸ķǣƵ飬Ϊꡣ
Ǵε飬ѾȥˣգǷѡӣһУƺѾ޴Ӹˡ
ϵķƲûлط߳˷縮ĳųȥ
֪Сɽϵĺľ¡
ϵķǣħɽ޺ƽ
ʵûʵûһУҲûС
ü΢΢ȭͷڲ֪оͽ裬ҾԲڶΣ
⼸죬һ۾ԺоͻطҴڷһĻ
ͷһѵںݺݵĸţõӣһ
ҪıһУ
ƵĿޱȵļᶨƺ¶ʲôġ
һ̽ͳϹŵһöΪӵĽָ˼һȻ˿ߣָС
ɣ
ôеĽָ˵š
ٺ١
ͻأģһϵĹЦԽָڴ˳ţָɢһ󵭵ӨӨԣϳһ͸ָߴĲӰ
ƽĿһУƺԤϵˡ
ٺ٣ͨô
ЦеĿŷƣɳһ˿ŹֵЦ⡣
ţ
ĵ˵ͷ
ȻѡˣͲܻͷˣͷǾ
ҲЦ⣬һ˫۾ֱŷơ
ҲҪϴˢ裡
ҧ촽Ŀһ˿Ҳûжҡ
ܺã
˲ĳһ˿΢Цĵ˵ˣӵС䡯ʵˣϰܾȻһӶܽߣ
ڷƺСʱͱöĽָУԳǷϵ˾ͳǰҪһΪܾؼ
ܾҪӵС䡯ʵ˲ϰϣеҲǡܾ
ҲûʲôǣһʼϰܾҪ䡯֮ǾͲֹͣΪʻһֱɼġԪˣзϣ
һᵽʱŻСˣ˭η壬οǼСֱӽָˣǣÿΣָԶصߣû취ˣһӹڲϣЩѾöָĴڣֱһ¼ķ
ڼ䣬ҲδȹСƱϰֻ˵Ըˣͽ
ΣΣõķ֪ϣбʹ顣
⣬ҲӰս̣
Ҫô
˿ʵ
Ȳˣ
ЩϷʵĿСӣ̫çײˣʱ䣬ôܶĹ⣬Ů֮ضѾ龳ˣҲ˵뽫ڵġ䡯ļ
ļô
Ŀɱ
ͣ
ƲΪϲһСӣҿɸ㣬䡯ɲ߿죬෴Σأѡ񣬹Ըö
˵⣬ҲǺݺݵĳ鴤˼¡
һеѡô
ûĿ
ٺ٣Ҳǣ㵽Ҳôۣ漣ҪԼȥģҵ㹻ġ侧ٶȽʱ䣬Թˡ
侧˵еġ侧
𾪵˵
侧֮һЩ֮أÿһö侧ǶȷѪ꣬ʦǿҲһƬСطǲǵ֮
ȴ˵㹻ġ侧Ƕ٣
ǣֻĿ
һû˵أ侧˺棬ֻΪѣҪѰǣ쾧ǲǺö
һģԹԵ˵ţõķƲ˹ȥ
侧ֻ
˵ʲôأ
侧˵ǾǵڶؼġԪ֮ѸٵڵġԪͻ֮ʱǱر֮ܴ󻡶ȵ׵ĳɹʡ
ڡ쾧ʣȴǵһš
ôˣ
˵ʵڵģƵȷˣһ뵽ԼԣĿǼᶨ
Ҫϰܾ
ޱȵϡ
Ȼ£ϣǰ棡
û⣬ȽȥȻ䡯֮ʱͱˣǻ̸ʲôϰ
ϴӦҲˬ죬ɨһ۷ƣüͷ΢΢һء
ĹֱƼҲ㲻ϣﵽͽʮʱҲˣ
˵ţ׸һƵľᡣ

򿪾ᣬƳ׵׵ıĸָˡ
ƪ


6 
ͽףû취ĹһҪҪ㣡
΢΢ʼ㣬ƺоܲײһ㡣
ҪҪ
ƽקУǳ鴤˼¡
½ϣؼࡣ
һ࣬幦Ϊͽãڶ塣
ڶ࣬ԪطؾãƿɡԪ۳ġԪСطƷףһԪġһѡܸģ˵ġܾһࡣ
࣬似似ǿҲǸʵǿؼһ֣Ʒ似ͨ˱ɱ
ؼǷΪ죬أƣƷƷÿƷַָߣУͣױ𣬶Ƿļ壬壬ǾƷĻȭԪطƼͽ׵ġƾ似ߵҲһƼ߽׵ġʯȭϣȴľóؼзβ𾪣
ણ
õ˺öֱӴ
ĿžϼصͼΣһЩע֮εļĵס

žϵɷʽƵӻһķʽȥֻһ򵥵ĶǷȴǺˮ죬ҲЩƺڳĪʹࡣ
Ҳ
ϣֱӾͰڳҲЩ죬벻򵥵Ĵľ׮ҲõƵľȷ
ЩΪ˶ǿʽ˺ΪмڣȴĶĿ࿴
ʱ䣬ǽԣĥˣҲȥ˺ܶ鷳
һ;ȥ츳ҪԲƣȻгΪǿߵģǱضܳΪ۷ǿߡ

ŰٰʹŬĽ붯ϵһ£һ鶶ţҲΪĶĦġ֨졣
ԶԶȥһͷǱеһ㣬ǿƺʱܱһ
ǻƪϵĵһơ
̲ƾһ̱ٵĴţǣͫȴȫǾϲ֮ɫȻʱ䲻ǣȴǸܵһĺô
ƣǶ壬ƿҲż
ĺô
̫ˣյĲ
ϵϴ£ˣڼ
˵ţ͸ֻӨ뵽˽ָڡ

Ʒһ˫峺۾ֱ񷣬¶˿˿⣬ģô˯˹ȥ
ڣҪ̤ǿ֮·ˣ

죬˵ϻˣȫǾۼ´
ӽտʼ糾ҲǷҼ
ŴϷһ£糾վ뿪˼
ڱ裬ԼҲ֪ٴŷȥˣȻ֮ˣŅ̀ͷ
Ȼķ糾˵ɫҲǺΪӡ
Ƿ糾ãЩ糾Ϊ˷Ҹ٣ҲˣԣһֱֵļΪƽӹĴֻҪͣƵҩ̳˶ѣûҪ糾
󣬶ϵĵӣң˷Ҽ֮λ
⣬糾û˵ʲôԼӣƵ¡
ͽֹͣҩʲôʱȥս˼ң
Ӱ˵ŵʸҲûС
꣬޳Ԫﵽߵĵزһʮ˵ʵ̫ˡ
˳Ĭ֮УƲ߽
ƣΪβų֣
ĳǳ
˵һнɷƶ𣬶ڣȴһû˵ģڴ󲿷˶ŭ졣
ৣ
糾һڷǰ
ȻǼһʵȴǷߵġ
糾㻹Ҫӻ
ɫתڡ
Ҷӣ
糾嵭˵ţɫ˿δ䡣
ף
վķƱ΢ᣬһ˫ȭͷȻק
ȻƽԼֵļΪƽǣȴ֪һֱĬĬıӻԼΪԼܼҩ֪Ŷѹ
ߣ
糾תȴ˿
Ҳӹţ
ɨһһһٵ˵ţܵ裬ҶὫ֮ϴˢ
ݣϵĻӡڷ˵ļ䡣
ǰķƣƺѾǴǰӹŷˡ
ˣͲҪΪˣϾܵѾˡ
μң̾һ
겻Ǽ֮ӣͲЩµķһʮ꣬ڳܵѹˡ
û˵ʲôĬĬĿԸӻתȥ


7 ͻ
ʲųһ˿ҵСǱǷ׷ϰ䳡
Ǵȭƾ;û
Իƪ
뵽ƪһͼǳԺһڵء

ɵĽ࣬ţѾܡ
֣֣
ĬĬš
ÿһΣܸоԼõһڣ˲ʮΣ㱼䣬ȻоԼѾ߽̽׵ż
ˮѾģ۾µأʱ򣬲ϵзҵСǸڵҲסˡ
͵ֲ
ôô
ȥһܼ򵥵ĶȴһֲסģɵãЩСǻ
ԣ
мСҲŷȥȴǼΪɡ
ͣȻ˼װģ
Թ֮ǶǲмһƵĿⶼǴűġ
ڸʲô
һĺǳ˹õΧ۵СһеæеվƾͿʼȭ
˵Ƿˡ
ϰ䳡һŴ˹
⼸췢£ķˣЩСȴ˵Ĳŭӿ
СÿһƵαǳǰ

ǻĶǰɣһͷǿ͵ħǱʱܱˡ
ֻһۣʦн׵ķʣǿһЩĿеŭ𽥵ת𾪣ǵΣĺȻҲǼ
ѾǼ򵥵ˣÿһε𣬴Żÿһ鼡ÿһηľȷƣ
ôܣģ
ʱ𾪵˵
㾫ȷĿƣôһͽĳģ
ѵǶ幦
뵽⣬Ƥһ
ãЩСҲûĺǳһ͵͵۽ǿ
ûЩСҲͣеĶеĿⶼעǵӰ
ö֮ǱǷ֣Լƺвͬĵطȴ˵Ȼֻһֱš
֣֣
ѾΧĶֻм䶯ĥ֪֮Ѿֻ֪ԼƺҪͻˣ
ʱ

һÿһ쳹ڰϰ䳡ϣԵǰ
Ȼͻˣ
СһŴͣڣѾȷǿǼ򵥵϶򵥣

ͻ֮ǼԻĿƣǵõ˴󻡶ȵƶҲ
ͻˣ
һɨһǷԼԼϰ䳡ϡ
ʼͣŸ𣿡
ʵĺǳ֮ˣϰ䳡ϱǻָƽյ״̬һߺ֮쳹
ɨɨƣʲû˵ʲôֻȴһֱɻ֮⡣
ģڼ˲ûǰҲ磬Ҳõķƴ⣬һɵŵķڣ˻ͷǳԼСԺȥ
⣬ֻ˷ʱѣҪȫȫлƪ
֪ܲܲμ
ţ糾ᣬΪʱڿǺܽȣȥͻƵͽ۷ҲҪһʱ䣬Ѿ˷Ѳˡ

䳡ֱ´ȥ
ңĴϣ糾˶ԴеĻơ
λϣ磡
󣬳ŷһ֣Ŀɨ糾ʱȴ¶һ˿졣
ţʵܣС״Σ
ҷе˱ϰԵһ䡣
ӡ
˶٣ֵڳ֮ʱͻˡ
Ŷ
λϣ糾̧ͷ
ССĶ̬һֱǣǵ񾭣벻עҲǲС
硣
ת˷糾ĿһĨӡ
ȷľһ׸߽׵Ķ幦ǣ⹦ȴǷ似еġ
ţ
糾üͷһ
ȻѾǷҵļΪҵһӣȴʲô¶ܣңҸҲҪʱ֡
ϰ䳡Ķ幦һ
ͽķƣǲԼǰĹģշʿΨһĽӦڷ糾ϡ
һ
糾һ㶣üͷ𽥵Ĵ£ʲôһ
ֱʲŻ˵׶幦ͬʱʵͶȣĿƣӦҲǻƼ߽ҵĹ
Ƽ߽ף
ȫ
Ҫ֪Ƽ߽׵ؼҲһѣң似Ƕ幦


8 ũҩ
һ壬幥ĺûϵһĳɳ˵幥ֵ似֮ϡ
ȷ
糾Ҳһֱ࣬ŷʡ
ԼĶӣҲÿÿղǳȭǴľ׮ôͻȻӵлƼ߽׵Ķ幥
ţңֻ߲ͣ
ʻͷ
ֻ߲ͣ
λϣҶǱ𺳵ˣٶǻƼ߽ףǲ˵п
ɲСǵļӵеġ
ȥ
糾Ҳסˣʵģ˵ѣһ仰Ҵҵĳ´ԼСԺȥ
ѵʵԵʱ
λϲɵ
ҲˣĵȴϢ
һ幥ܸıһˣ
뵽Ժӣ糾ǿڵϣӴĳֽ࣬ţÿһϸСĶȫÿһ鼡⡣
ӿʼ𾪣糾ƽ
ǻƼ߽׵Ķ幥
ѾǴʦֻǿһ飬׹;
ÿһ鼡ⶼܵ˶Ǻεȵľˣ
ƿҪҲǼߣԺ似Ҫࡣ
һ֮Ч

йɵţȻÿһεĶеʹǣȴϲõģΪоĵԼѸٵš
˶ʮĻأ̱ڵء
׻ƪ̫ˣһɣļǻָ
ƶ
糾˹
ף
ƼѵվĨĨϵĺˮΪĹȣҲЩš
û£ţ
ʯϵĶӣ糾ӿһɸӵ
ԼһʼͲǷҼ֮£͸ᷢ
ǣΪ֮ˣôܷ֮ܲأ
΢̾һ
ף
ţ
Ժܲܲ볿ѵˣ
ҵ׳ȭֻܶĵ֫ѣ֮ƪ˲֪ٱȥˣڷ˵ľ˷ʱ䡣
μӳѵ
糾һ٣뵽ղŵ
׳ȭ˵Ӧûˡ
ԣ
õ糾һϲôһԼֶһʱ
ղʲô
ղţ
һ㶣尡
壿׹ģ
ǣ
ͷȴҲ֪ô˵á
ϵ飬ǾԲ˵ȥġ
ѵ㣿
糾һѿʳ
ǰɣ
ü΢أ˵ͷ
˻
糾µһ
õĳȽ׹˵ˣǻ򵥣
ƽĿԼĶӡ
ֵˣӦýת۵㡣
ǣΪǵȸ˵ǿ
ʱ򣬷糾뵽˵Ļ
彫ҩҩԸˣ
һ
ƶ
ţ
˶٣糾̾һ
Ĳ֪οڣҶԲȴ
ûʲôú
ţ
ŷ糾ȥıӰƻ˻ͷûȥ룬ָһʻƿأǶ
ǿ֮£굹ںľ´Ŵ
̫˷ʱˡ
Էƴʱͽ߽׵ܼʮغϣҪϢʱҲ˵ãҪϢá
ϹӵĽָӨ˸һ͸Ӱǰ
ٺ٣̫˰ɡ
ϺЦţЩϷʵĿ
ϣ취ô
˷ѣĲֻĿˡ
취ôȻС
ЦӯӯĿż꣬Сӣ˵ҩʦûУ
ҩʦ
Բеҩʦ
½ȥߣְҵҩʦʦ
ҩʦ½Ϊ߹ְҵְҵãǾơ
ʣ˭޲
ΪٸߣҲеò֮ʱûҩʦڲħ֮£ҲֻȻ䡣
ҪΪҩʦȣҪСҩ䡯ҩأ̷ҩ۳ҩҩʦˣ
ȻҪ۳ҩѵҩǼĿֲģЩеĴ壬һλҩʦѾǷǳĲˣңҩҲôõõģһ㶼ഫ
ҩʦĵȽףȻҩϢϢء
ʦȴǡǡ෴еǡ䡯۶ңǴ½ܵˣﶾʦˣζɱ֮С
ٺ٣
ϵЦʦɣ
ʦ
һ㶣ǰݵȥ
ʦ𣡡
ҩʦΪҩʦôֿͻı䡣
ţ
Ҳѵõֻһһ˸ҩ䣬֮ϡ
ũҩ䡯ĸӵĴֳڷǰ


9 
ҩ˱ǣõķƻһᣬƣ̬֮һɨ⡣
ũҩ䣬ũϿ򲡣򶾣
һ£ϸϸ˵š
ӵ䣡
һũҩȻƮ𣬷ֽ֮ס
Ѫɣ
ǣ
˿ԥҧʳָһʺѪαǵũҩ֮ϣ󻺻룬ѪȫȥʱҩɢΪǹڡ
ȻֻС䡯ʣƿũҩ䣡
ϾĿһеķ
ʱƱǿһ۾
뵽ũҩ֮ϼصҩ֮ް
ǺҩֱͷƤ飡
ô
ǵԼ׷糾˵ҩʦҩֻҪҩˣũҩص࣬Բ
ͣСڸв֪
һ㴫ȥũҩ䡯⣬㿴εȵķˣ˵򲡣򶾣ûԵҩȥΣȥ⣿
ʵҲ֪ҩĵȽԽߣԽҪҩҪҩĿͻԽ࣬ǣҩҪʱܴ룿
ʦ𣡡
۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
ңҩѵһţ
ֱۡ
뵱꣬Ϊ۳ҩǿɷѾСҪһֱҩҩôܻҩʣࣿ
ǲһôҲûС
ƿɥһС
ǰ׸һ
Сӣ㲻ֻҪָѣ̷ҩϼصҩһö鵤͵ˣޱ
һɸֵĺǳһ١

ЩȻ֪˫ŭɵˣڨڨЦЦ
ԼŰ죬ǵ֮Լ
һ͸ӻΪǵ뵽˽ָڡ

˿ƱվʱѾǰҹû룬㷵ط縮
ڴϣҵ˼һܿ˯ȥ
ڶ죬ûȥСԺϰʮػƪվطЩеĻöҶŷȥ
һϬ޵Ƥȱٽң
죬ʮصشֻʮң
Ϻõҩʮһ꣡
ǵſڣһ֮ǵضѰЩһҩǰ
һλߣ䵵ϣڷмʽҩһ㣬ҩ֮ơ
ϸһƱǷֵλϰڷҩũҩصġ
ݣ٣ô
ָһˮһͨѪҩʵ
ֻɨһֱۣ˵ʮöһ꣬һٶʮһߣ
λƵüͷǴ
ܹҲʮöңȥʲôôҲûС
ûǮƵһθоûǮʹ࣬Ҳ֪ˣԼҩÿҪѶʡ
ϲֻʮöңݣ߻٣ɲɣ
ͳлǰ

ԵЩԥˣǼûһ˿һҧ´ðɣɽ
лϲ
΢ϲȫݸߡ
սҩŽһ̶
ϣⲻǵķô
ȥƱǼһŻòӢӣĸĴӵ֮˹
ôҸͣҩˣԼ򣿡
һϷʵĿŷƣǼ񣬶ʱһЩĿĹע
ǷҵĴүҵү
˵ҵĴүҴģҪܴʦ߽׵ķѧԺʦ
˵ѾǷҵĴүˡ
˷׷ۣŷָָ㡣
Դϴ֮¹󣬷֣Ǵ˿˶Ҫӹŵķүʱ䣬δͽʦ
ȻĶڵſЦʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̣ǣҪͽļǳ˵Σ
ÿ
ע
ңĴ֮һǰ֮ˣΪҲļͽ׵ǿ֡
˵þðӹţ
۽һֱƷƣһ˫۾ȫǲмɫ
ã
۾΢УΣյĿ
ô򣿡
ȻֱֹװҩĲ
飡
ȭƽţ˸ġ
Ҵң
ʹؿڣ㵵ĿŷƣȻûԤϵͽķƸ֡

һ飬ŷƱ˹
ЩΧ۵˼Ʋ㶼ԶԶɢ

΢΢һӣ΢żһ֣αͬͻһ˳ȥӭ


10 Ÿ
飡
ȭͷĿ֮ײһ𣬷һ졣
ŵŵš
ǣΪļͽȴ󲽣վһʱǵͨ졣
ѾʮļͽȻһӹŻˣ
ģ
ȭͷϵľʹѾоˣʱŭ
Լӹ֮£ôԺҲ̧ͷˡ
ȥ
ʱΪӢѾЩŤȫľŷ˹
ס֣
һĺ˹ֱΪһ󾢷˸ͷڵϣҲմ˻ҳࡣ
ԭ֪ͨ糾ˡ
ĸ󣬽ŵĿλǿߡ
ף
糾һɡ
ߣ
糾û˵ʲôһŷȥ
ƣ
תͷ
ºѪϣһ£
վĸݺݵĶŷƣеĻ
ô
΢΢ǣתߡ
Ȼļͽ׵ķѾٷΪĿϣƾļ֮ࡣ
ʱ򣬿ǲеġ
ң£Ǹʱ򣬷ƾͻƵļͽ
صԺӣûϰƪֱӽ뵽Լķڡ
غţ˴齣óҩ
ʦ𣡡
Žָһ
𣿡
ϵӽָڴ˳ƺԵЩ͡
ҩˣҪôã
ʵ
ŶֱӳԾˡ
ԣǡ
ҩյģ
Ȼ֪Ҫʲô
Ŷ
ӦһƱһԥ۾һգǽҩҵĽȥ
һ˳ʺ뵽ڣڻ㱼ǿڵũҩ䣬Ĵ򿪣ɢһҩ˹ȥһǲɼ̰ҩ֮ϡ
ôһ㣿
һ飬ûԥʣµλٽ̷ȥ
ҩ֮ϣ˼
ô
ƲˣĿתϵĽָ
Բ֪ˣ
ûĺһ䡣
Ŷ
ƵҲɵԾ´ųԺڡ

ĿʼϰƪһᣬһСϱǺ¡
ʮţʮ
ѵʮأӿһߣõֱڵϡ
ԣ
һũҩϵǶĻɢƱǸоһתȫʱͳ
ã
һϲ˫һţֿʼϰ
ǣûãƱǷ֣ҩϵѾûˣңҩҲѾ£
ɣŻָζѣ
ڵϣƿɥһСᰡʮĻͻָûˡ
ǮһΪǮ
Ǯ㹻ҩֹȥ룬ǽôһٶȡ
ȥŪǮأ
ʹԴ׬ǮķһƬհס
ʦ𣡡
û취ֻˡ
ôˣ
Ȼٴûϵǲơ
ûǮҩˡ
˵š
ûǮ
Ȼһ㶣ûǮҸ𣿡

Ĭ
ҲǣС壬ҩӡ
Ҳ뵽˷Ƶ״
ȥԼȥ
ӽָڵ˳
Ŷ
Ƽ
һᣬͽ似ɳƣڶͽ似ȭƼ߽ؾƶ
ֻһͷ
Ǯˣ
ⶫӳȥĴǻˣ
ǻָǷһܳ縮ųм䴦ġŸġзȥ
·ϣһڲ˸׵ǽʵĹסһУŲĲŸڡ
糾Ҳ֪Ĺأһ㳯ŷ̨ȥ
ʲô԰ﵽô
ķԱʵ
Ȼƴʱ죬ӵ÷̬ȵķԱû˶
Ҫ
ƹ⽫üΪ˻ƣ˵š
Ҫʲôأ
Աš

һƣƱ㽫ɳƾ̨ϡ
ţ似
һϵ֣ԱǾһѸٵС졣
ǣ似ĸȴԭڴڵļʮ˵Ŀ˹
似
ǶǿԱŵľᣬĿо˸
Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
ԱǸ
ûϵ
ǼӴȻ
ллĿݣ
˵꣬ŷƳȥ


11 ҩʦ
뵽ңǱ⡣
Եȣ
һƤ£ķԱҡҷĺõϵ¥ȥ

˿бϡ
ŸУǿǴͷΪ᰹УһλȨƵĴڱϣǶǼãԣƲѡ⡣
ʱȴѾַˡ
һҪŸ似
ôһϢʮ˵Ĵǰ̱ǴǣдСȫǱˡ
似СǣǶһ޶ģ
˶ţǺηʥȻ似ҲҪ
Կ϶ǣˣǲһࡣ
˭ҲûпǴСɳ̽Ÿڵȴš

һˬЦУŸĸŷǴ¥
ΪŸеĸˣݣ֮Ĵļֻ߲ͣ
͹٣ŷʧԶӭ
Цĳźķƹ˹֡
Ȼֵ֪ˣ似Ҫʲôķˣ뵽ٶ༸£ԼӦþͿְʲô˰ɡ
뵽⣬ŷǵЦŨ˼֡
ûֻǾš
λѣҪ似
ŷûΪĲ𻰶ƣԽԿ
ȻԼµķʽ
û
˻ƵӺ֮´˳䣬£ŷüͷ΢Ĵ˴ء
λѾܷģŸоһļλ
ֱӿ֤ʱ䣬죬ΪΣ
λֻٽļеļҲôһضΪҡ
죿
üͷɲ˷ʱȥ
ô
ŷеĲԣ΢΢һ㶣ѿȱǮ
û
ֱǳˡ

΢΢һŷǿ˵Ҫ٣˽˵֧һЩ
ѾҪֺǰˡ
һң
Ҳ˿Ȼ֪Ȿ似λǶ٣һֻһͷѡ
ԣ
˵ţŷӻͳһһҵĽƱ˹ȥ
л
һ̧ƽƱ˹ɳƷϣ
ˣҩۣ
תʵ
ҩУ֪Ҫҩ
ŷһƺ²⵽ǰ˵ݣУĺҲЩ
ҩʦ
ó似Ҫҩҩʦʲô
ǣҩʦôСأ
ܸҿ˵ôҪҩȽ϶࣡
ͻȻ뵽һð취
ҩԼȥǲ֪ҪȥˣǣŸУȵǾ׶ˡ
Ƚ϶ࣿ
ŷһתСȥ˵
ǣ
ķԱӦһ¥ȥ

μ䣬ŷƺѸĳ˴ˡ
ҪҩԽ࣬ǴľҩʦĽλԽߡ
ԼУǰصĺ˵Ӱ޵ķŴ
ʱСǽʵ
ùʣһҳһҳķũҩ¼ҩȫʮҳ˵Ҳһٶ֡
ֻЩô
΢΢Щʧ

ŷʱҭסۿѾһٰʮҩҪȥǿҪ֮ˣ
ǾǴǰλصҩʦλӦף
ҩʦ
ˣǷ᰹ҲǼеλ֣
˻ҪЩҿ԰⣬ңҪŸʵ
ǿĵԼ£λҩʦôŸĹ׸ж
Ŷ
תһҲá
ǣдҩƣȾЩˡ
ֽŷѾ𾪵˵
ٶҩ
һ֮ΪһǧǾǵؼؼҩʦǷ½ҲŵϺŵˡ
Ҳ˵ǰλˣнҩʦ
˷ģŸܰҩ
ԥľͿֻ֤Ϊλ˵ĺøС
ңѾԤϵһȥҪεȵķˡ
Ϊн׵ҩʦ᰹Ҳһλһҹ
ţ˾Ͷлˣ⣬Ƚһһѡҩ
Ƹ֪Լ֮Ϊεȵ顣
Եȣ
ŷ˵Ҵҵ߽˿ⷿ
Ҫѡ
Ҫŵ֣ΪҩĳɫöǾǵòʧˣ


12 弼
ûʱŷһöӨ˸˸Ľָ˳
ˣҪҩȫװָˡ
ָĵݵǰָ͵Ÿ˵ļ񡣡
ռָ˵ҲҪ𣬶һ󣬶ڣŷȴֱóˡ
Ŷ
һʼƺĸı䣬ѾԤϵǶԼҩʦݣҪײҪң֮ҲһֱҪŸṩҩֱӽ˹
ã
˻ƵӺ´˳ŷһϲ
ƺǰλ˼˵ң˽ָҲʹλн׵ҩʦŸꡣ
ôˣ
Ʊվ
õģ˼ǵμᡣ
ţʱ䣬һģ
Ӧһ
𺳵Ŀ£Ÿеĸŷһ·λصĺһ·ͳ⡣
ߺŷ飬һڶ֪һУȫдţרֱŸܲ

ת˼תȷû˸£ƽӽˮǲŷ縮ȥ
ǰʱʹŸڴ似Ϣʱ䣬Ƕͬһ£Ǯ
ȻЩ鲢ûӰ쵽Ƶ
صԼķ䣬óһҩ۾ڵũҩҲĴ򿪡
࣬ᣬ
һ֮ƽζ˸ɾ;ҩһСŨŨҩ
һҩ̷֮۾Ծ´ߵԺӣ㿪ʼϰ
ԽԽ˻ƪĺôڷУԽȫͻȻȻͽļ
ѵ似
ƲЩɣ⣬Ҫʷϡ
һ磬еʱ䣬ȫϰϣõһԵغΪǣһֱǻɵӣҲû
֪ԼĶڳжѹ
ʱܿ͵ҹ䣬ȥ˺Ҷ¡
㿴ˣ
ϸź룬ûʵһ弼ȿɶ壬ֿ㽫ͼһ֪еˡ
ͼһ
һüͷƪĸԺһ
ৣ
ֱӳǰһȭ
ž
һͷǱͻأı˶ɣǣ·УĶȴǶȻֹͣӲı˴һ㣬ڵϣҲһ鴤
˻
֫ţÿһ鼡ⶼܵ˲̶ͬȵˣʹ÷ɫ࣬æũҩϵҩԣŻĻָ˹
ٺ١
ϷʵĿŻվķơ
Ϊʲô
ƸоԼѾ˻ƪ̺ʽȭŴȴһû
ͣҲ룬似ųܳܵסģ
ϰһۡ
СԲͣǱȽϼɡ
ԭ
ԹϰڶͼһǼֲȥʸϣһжǰ״
ǣʵȥʼ
ʱ䣬˵תۼ
ʱ䣬ڷ˵൱죬Ϊʱˣþĵȴָʱ䣬ңѾǿĿϰڶˡ
ͻڼ
ƸоԼʱͻƵĿԣԲûзɡ
ɫųԺ΢ӣͬѾѵޣʱ

ӻĶţ΢һĶ޾ʹȫļ⣬Ҫ˺һ㣬ÿһĹ졣
ΪԼԣҧأŬļš
·ϣûнݾԣҪǾͱܼʹ࣬ʹҲһܵסġ
糾һ߳űǼƴʱơ
ˣ
ǹ۲糾һ
ãһƺĪϵ

ţһǴǼƵһĶš
ͻˣ
糾Ŵͣúܲ˼Ŀ⿴ǹӵĶӡ
ǰͻ۷壬ʱ䣬һ
糾ܲԸţǣʵȴǰ

˫һ֣ƱվĻֽţϸϸŽĺô
У
ʱͻˣȻо
ף
һתǼվķ糾

糾˹ŻĶӣ
ļ
ƾĿ
ǷƵһܵ佱ӿһĪĸоƺϲ
ϲָо
ҳȥˣŸᣬڼҺú
ӣ糾ȻҪǰȥ
᣿
ȥıӰƲż
ȥûҩ
ĳ˸Ҳ˳ȥ


13 ʼ
似ôϢһȥٽļеĴСסˣ׷׶Яؽǲμε
ŸſڣͥУȥȫǴСͷ볤ϣѰˣֻԶ
ŷһֱվſڵȺţ߹Щͷͷֺã˿ɫĴˣҲ΢΢ʾѡ
ãſڵȺ뵽֮ڣûпǵӰŷüͷ
ѵˣ
΢΢Щʧ
Ϊ˲ײڳãϴһһڲӣ˳
ˣˣ
ۣŷӭ˳ϲǹ
һл㱨ȥ֮ܲһǾһ󣬲ϧһдҪֺ
ţ
˻ƵԺ´æǰ·
վ˿һĻЩĪľ죬׷״˵Ǻηʥ
ΪŸеĸˣŷҪֺκˣǣȴǰֺõ̬βأ
Ƿ׷ÿһ˽뵽ң۳Ľ뵽ڡ
Ȼû³˭ǴŵҲ˽⣬ǲ˵Ĵ
ԺܿͻῪʼˡ
ڷ֮ŷվһԹ˵š
ģõķƺܲϰߣǰˣԼҲҪֺõˣȴǱϹϾĶԴԼֱ̾仯֮
ҩʦȻǸְҵ
£Ƶ΢΢
ˣҲһƾʵ㣡
ȭͷקԺֳָһűУһ嵭ɷ¶˳
ˣôˣ
ܵϢŷһᡣ
ѵԼĲãλˣ
ûС
ƻҡҡͷ˻Ƶ˵ţˣҩ׼Σ
Ѿһʮҩģзչ
ŷϸϸ˵ţʱ̹۲ı䶯
鷳ˣ
ƵҲЯһЩмãȫһϴһҩ
ǣ
ת䣬ŷ˿
ܿͿʼˣŷĴ£ֱߵһ¡
ڵһŵģɾĴͷףŷԺ˵̬ȣǵƤֱ
ɨһȦƱǷԼ׷糾ڵڶţĿⶼǿԼõ̲סֽ˽ۣΪ֮һ
ܿģȫĵƹǰֻ̨Ϸ˼öħ˵ĿǷ̨ϣƲ΢˿

һ죬ȫİһʦߵ̨
ӭλǵᣡ
Ц˵һ׻濪ʼǵڡ
Ʒһ˳ʼǾȴǺܼңֻЩСᣬȫڱʵ
һҩ
˵ţʦϵĺ첼һ޵Сǳ˳

ϵֱڷԺ
ţ
΢㶣Ϊ֣ҩũҩصһࡣ
һʮݵƼļһǧңÿνм۲ʮң
ʦ߸ߺһ
һǧһٽң
ʱ˺
һǧһʮң
ǧң
˻Ƶ˳Ǻܴ󣬵ȴõĽмͣ
ȻƲ֪νƼʲôãǼȻ˵ˣǿ϶;ڡ
ŷһ㶣ʦߵͷʾ⡣
ãôƼλĵã
ʦֱ˶
л
Ǻǣ
ŷĿģҪصҩʦԼøУԣκϣ˲
ڣԭֵǧҵƼ֮ĿȱȻҪ
ĿҲǴﵽˣƵȷǶ˺øС
ǳʲôĿģϾŷǵһˣҲ⣬ԺѣһѣǾûġ
ܿ͹ȥˣһֱڽеУڼ䣬ֳũҩǵҩƶԼ͵ļλĵ֡
Ȼ˵ϲ̰ͼЩСˣΪĿǰǴ󷽲
λһƷ
˵ţʦ߽ڵľ
似ɳƣ
ҲЩúĺ˳
ۣÿβһǧ
ң
Ļ£ڵһŵ˷ֱӽмۡ
ôһߵŮǿ϶ˣǣؼϣȴǼΪȱԣζⱾ似ҲǱڱص֮ģ


14 䶯
伶ǷЩеĴ壬ҲǼΪĴڣܵõô˶󻡶ȵԣЩСڲġ
ʮң
һСᣬ۸Ǳ̧ʮҵۣЩСȫֻ̾
ʮң
Ҽٴվмۣһ֮䣬ͼҡ
ʮңļ壬ѾǲҪˣϾ廹Ҫתܽʽȫó
ʮң
Ҽһҧһ
ĴǸļѾƴ𣬲ϾĴ廹ռƣʽҪ׼ĳһЩԣʮԺ󣬾ֻĴ廹治á
ʮǧң
ҼмۣгۺɫҲǲÿ
ʮǧң
ʮң
˷ڶվмۣΧɫļλЦһ
οһȣεһᣬӰļ˵ֱӽʮ֮޵ĽҸԣʽҸûȡ
ҳʮ򣬻ûгߵģ
ʦҲǼһͨ죬εļλҲĹ߼ۡ
飬˼Ӽۣɳʮҵļ۸ɽ
ϲ˷ҼĿ˸Ϊϴε¼СѾ𲽵ҿ£һֱôȥôǽΪ̲֮
ϣҲվĶʱ˵ע⡣
Ϊ˭֪似ǳ֮֡
ɨһۣƱǼͬЩȻĸףüͷһأӳŷ糾λȥ
ŷһ㶣ǽ
Ƿμ
˻ƵӺ´糾ҲǸеܾ죬ΪԼ
ǣ
Ȼڶɻ󣬵ǼΪĻ
ʮңҪҪ
ҲҶ˵ֱóȭƶݵǰ
ͽ似Ƽ߼ؾ
ɨһᣬ糾ֱӾ
ʲô
ȫͫ͵չ𾪵ĿǸˡ
似Ͳ˵ˣؾһǵܵûƼͽؾǼΪ壬ԣλ似֮ϣңؾһн
ŷҲǵһʮңֱǽһ㡣
ǣĸǣصҩʦΪҪ
ҪҪ
糾þò˻ƵٴδӺ´ƺЩ͡
ˣлˣ
ܳʲôԭ򣬷糾ֽ£ûǣʱ򣬺΢΢ŲΡ
еľᣬ糾ľһ㣬ҼϣҲǼĪ
ѵ콵ڱһ˵
˶ĽʣޣĿŷҵˡ
ѸٵóңϺ󣬷ƱŷѸٵ뿪
û˸˵ʲô֪ˣԼЩǲġ
Ц似Ҳóˣˣ᰹ҲҲ
ᣬ糾ƽ˼ΪҪ
ѵ
һǴҴҵ߳С

ҩƱǿٵĻصԺӣǰƲã糾ҴҵĽԺ

Ķûͣ£ʹͬһתõһ󶶶
ڶƣѾļͽϰǼΪѣĺôȴԶԶڵһơ
˶̶ʮĸغϣƱ̱ＱٵĴ
ƶ
ʱ糾˹
ף
Ҳ׷糾Ҫʵ顣

糾˿Щӿǰ꣬׹֮ˣǲһλˣ
ô֪ģ
ƹȵĿ
飬糾ǶͬʱҲǼĪ
Žд
Ǻ˵ľٶҲ˽͡
ããð
ãϲãĵƶܹλ˵һ⣡
׷ģ
Ʋźۼĳ˳ǣȴڴӦ
糾һߣũҩ֮ϵġ鵤ҩЧɢƣһɨ⣬ӯԥ΢ʼϰ

صĺ˳֣ɸĴ˾޴ıԭѾįķңΪ˵һٶıһС
һ似һƼ߽ؾԸıһˡ
û֪ΪҪô֮ҲûٳֹǣĴĸȴ˶ı䡣
ΪұˣˣȻձڵСһϣǷѹ𣬷ҡ
ǣ˭ó磬ҲûʲôٶֻסԼĵ̣Ϊ蹷ʱҧ˵ģ


15 һץһ
ոһգһһȵѪȼ١
νѪȣʵǼһδʮһαԶѣÿļ壬ҪóԼͷʣֻжڵˣȡͷʡ
ȻͷȻأҪĿĻǶһʵһ

ʮƵĽǼΪɹ۵ģʮܱ֮֮ǰĿޡ
һеĹͣҪڻƪ֮ϣȻũҩ䣬ȱһɡ
ЩӣƳ˯ԷǾѾͽļ۷ĵزҾͻ弶ҲֻҪһѡ
ƪڶƣѾǿգҲǰǰࡣ
ɫҶ£ӣͬһͷʱܳޣһ͵Ӿ

ڵļ⻺䶯빰֮תǼΣ̱ڵء
ٺ٣
ƴŴƣСȴϲתҩɢֱ
ԣ
һգļֱźҶĿһƬᶨ

ͻͬޱˣȭͷһںҶϡ
أ
סΣϵǸԵȭӡӿһϲ֮ɫ
ɹˣ
Ȼƪȫգƾղȭž弶ͽҲܡ

ڴһ֮ת첽ȥ
ղһУȫΪӭӽĵҪǰ׵İӹŵĳƺţҪԼĸֱͦ˻ָ

ģʹ̨ľľ׮ǼΪ̵ļľѰҲ鲻ˣСԣòĻѡ
̨ܣĴռһЩСֻԶۿ
ƸʱѾһƬ˺ЩʶӹүóһȥȻȥ¾Ϳˡ
糾֣ʾվԼߡ
Ҳ˸ҵһЩעȴǳ벻м
ǿһ꣬ȻѧԺĵʦսⲻǷˣضɵˡ
ӰǰᣬѾǴʦ߽ףǾʹ츳϶˲õһ֮࣬󣬽ĿԶУӹ꣬Ҫʲôȥƴ
ЩĿ⣬ȫ֮ӣû˿ȭͷȴȻק
ôĿ¶ȹգҪıһУ
ʱһλͬʱ̨ó˸Եͷʣ˵һͨСǵĻŸŷΪУ˱Կʼ
أ
һӰԾ̨ͦҲôһЩơ

ƣҲ
һֱָ֣ڡ
Ȼϴηе¼޷ʱ̶ҪԱļĵһϵָ̨գҪơ
кβң
ͫ΢̨
糾ҲûȰ裬֪ڵΪͳԽ
ߣ
һɨΧЩϷʣϷĿ⣬뵽·̨ı֣᲻Щ˵
һһ̨վǰʱȫĿҲ
һҪǰ󣡡
ӳ鶯˵ţȫɷ
ô
嵭ӦһĿһм
ʼ
ŷһ£Ƕ
ȥ
ȭͷЯԼȫֱӳŷƵͷ­ȥȴվԭأ˿δƺɵһ
һĻõҵӵܶǱ۾ٿ⣬¶֮⣬ŷȴ۾΢Уͫڳɻ
ΪǸӹƺǰͬĵطƺųתţ
ţ
ɻʱȭͷѾٽ˷ơ
أ
һ̨ϴ˳
ôܣ
Ҽֱվ

ȫĴ֮
ǰһĻ𺳵˵ġ
ͻļͽҳȥȭͷһֱǳ֮ΪӹŵץУ⣬õ˸ԸԼ۾
㣡
ˮջ䣬һҲͨ죬ɫҲǰĿת˾塣
Ҳ붯ǣûȥоԼÿӿᱻֻһɢ
ߣ
ĿâһƵƿʼǸȭͷҲ˷һ̶Ĵ졣

ҲܲסĽкǰĽõһ
ŷƵƻ£ĽҲӲңڰһ㡣
ס֣䣡
һ飬ѵĽг
֪ȥͷˡ


16 
ʤ
ŷĺƲɿƣƿ

̱һ˫Ŀ⣬ֵĿŷƣֻҲǱļΪΣͷҲ˼ֻ࣬־ôˡ
úݣ
ɫû˿ı꣬ȫһ
ȻǸˣֺ飡
ǣ𾪵ǣļͽȻк޻֮
ţôܣ
һǰǲн׵ӹţôܾѾͻƵĽף
ʱ򣬷ҵСȫ뵽ϰ䳡ϷưڳĹơ
ǵзţǸӹѾӹˣǣţ
һ㣡
ҵӣ⣬һԾϣվڷƶ档
⾹Ȼȥˡ
˵ǰѾͻƵͽ弶
ƶĶ֣
˷׷ţΪ֮ǰѪһ˵ĳƺҲ⼸ÿαԵĶߣһʼһֱңңļСҲûиı䣬ʮ֮䣬弶ͽԺɾʹʦпܡ
ҴӦô
һüͷмƵ
̨£糾üͷҲеĿⶼǿŷƣȴĻӦ
Ϊʲôأ
һǣ΢΢չա
ϰƣ࣬Ϊǰ׼ģΪ֮ǰƿûٱ裬ÿ궼һΡ
ȻӦˣ
ˣⶼһ١
ֵ̫ƽˣ弶ͽû˿Ļҡ
ⲻܵģ
뵽ĳֿܣпţǷ֮Ҳš
ƵʵСҲˣôܰͻ
ܺãôʼɣ
ŷĿһȫ

弶ͽĺ⣬Ҳ˿⣬˫ȫͬһͷԱһǰ
ͽ𣬳ȥǾǱֵ鶯ԣѾ˻ƪƵķƵ鶯ԣȻҪԶԶ⡣
ৣ
Ҳû룬ŷƱȭͷХųŷȥ
ȻŷѾ弶
ǣ
΢ٹһţеǱ֮ϡ
飡
ȭͷײһ峹쳹
ŵŵţ
˵ģȻ弶ͽĺ⣡
ڶྪĿ£ƸǵƲˣȭͷ׷ȥһȭһȭõĺûʱȥ
̨ϣ̨£Զ˶Ǳ̨ϵθˡ
ǵģǿǣûзֻһֱֵ
ôܣƾȻͽ弶ˣ
֪ӹţʱֳĽȣõ޷Լ۾
СͷǷ׷׻ҴĵĻ
Ҳӹţ
μ䣬Щ˵ӿʼȣ˷
ʱӹţôԼʲôأ
ȷӹţ
ǣ벻ͨΪΪλͻǣΪڶ֮·ϣǲнݾߵģ֮Խǿ϶ǳ㹻Ŀͷ
糾ڷԺǲβϵĳԺ
ǵܶʹࣿ
糾촽ӣڶš

ޱȵıܸоǰԻûͻ弶ǣʱѾһȭһȭȭͷѾľˡ
ǣ
һϵļһȫӿֱ֮ϣͨȭͷ˳ȥ
飡
޴ĳ˹õĺһģȭֱһ󶶶ѾٽŵȭͷҲȥӣֻоһʹԼӱǷžǰһڣ˹ȥ
˻
ȫһ˵ͫһչ
ѪһˣȻӹ£
ڸ̨ϵλһ£˷һļɫЩÿ
ǸԼô
ǲ뵽ԡ
ӹŵţʵģѾǲڸͷϡ
ʤ
ŷ
ûҪսģ
ãĴضûٸվСһͷȥ
弶ͽĺⶼˣȥ˲Űô
ٴû˵
ǺãζΪƣ
ŷ쳹ȫǣӴԺ󣬷ƣҲӹţ
Ƴ˳ǣû˸еһУ˵ֻȻѡ
ŷ糾ڵ˵ͷԾ̨ȥֱŷ縮ȥûЩɫĿ⡣
ʵӵһУ
εıԣڷ˵ֻһʼѣڵĿ꣬Ƿϣһߣ
ûдߣһжġ


17 ħɽ
ЩŵĻɾǷƵˡ
ңȻǽΪսʧܣҲܳΪʦǿߡ
ң˷ص𸮣һǽȥϼңȻӰ֪ҲûʲôӦ
츳ǲʮʱѾͻƵ߼𣬶ңߣߣ
˷ᵽѾ˻ô¡
ҹ䣬ҵļϣȴǴյһ顣
ĿǰǵľƣλѾˣ
ݣ˵š
ңһλߣƲɵң˻Ƽ߽ؾ似ûʲôʣһ϶Ҫǿҡ
ԭ򣬾ΪƼ߽׵ؾ
λ˵˵ԼĿɡ
˳
Ҳܶ
ֱӾô˵š
û
Ļõ˵ͬõϼҵıӻСܶ˵ġ
ҡ
˵ңüͷҲĴŸһĻ޷ġ
Ǹˣ˭ʲôϸ𣿡
ͷʹһ⡣
һȲҪ
̾һ
ǰó似Ÿеŷ̬ȣõǸеһëȻ
ҲöҲöѵ͵ű̲
һϲ޵ĺ
ǵǣ
ҡҡͷ˵һΪ壬ӵؼûмʮ꣬ҲͷЩӣǺûʲôĻٶҲ١
û
Ҳͷ
ǣ
۾â˸˸ǸˣԲ
ƣ
û
ȻƵĳɳٶȣѾǱ񾭣ΪɺӵĴڡ
ӱسɴ󻼣
ĿҲâ˸˸
ٺ٣ɱҲ򵥡
ȻһЦ˼ÿǸСӶǣʱ򡭡
ãôˣ
ڵ˺ܿʹһ£ǲȥˡ

һգһֱԻƪԼû˷κεʱ䣬ѰһŽڵɫĨĨϵĺˮǳųȥ
Ҷ£һȭһȭĴƵĽÿһζӡһԵȭӡ
˭
৵תǼһѸٵĳԼ
ٺ٣Ӧͦġ
˵ĿЩɳƣȴҲûͣ£һ˫۾â˸ϵҲ֮УӨӨ֮ɢ˳
ߣ
һɫò԰ޱȡ
ЩӨӨ֮Ԫı֣Ҳ˵һʵʵߣ
˭
ĿźˣĿ
ٺ٣˵أ
˲ļ
ӣ
⻰ֻһͷתͳħɽȥ
ǰз
ߣ
˲мһԾͬӥһơ
أ
ңңĳһƣֱϮƺ󱳣ķ˳ȥ;Ѫ䡣
ٺ١
ŵصķƣ˲޵⣬һ뵽ţҪԼˣɫԵҲЩŤ
ľʹõķƻˣûԥũҩϵҩɢȫ磬ͷҲصħɽȥ

ǵýݵΣһ㶣ڵԪٵ׷ȥ
ôҲ벻Լش꣬ȻһûһٶȣͲ˵ˡ
ৣৣ
Ƹûħɽ׼һһ꣬źĴĺǳޱȵżµٶȸǼӿ죬ÿһ鼡ⶼӵ쾡¡
ģ
˺޺޵ĿһֱӰĽŲͣ
ԶħɽһСС߽룬ȥ
ʵһۣȴ˳ȥ

磬һӰħɽ֮ڴţҲ֪˶ֱ׷ӲŻ
ģ
ɨΧɭ֣һˣħɽ
ԭͲ԰׵ɫǰ˼֡
ħɽǽأӵ޾ħޣߵ룬Ҳֻ·һڣΪ׷ɱѾ֪뵽ʲôλˡ
ѹǸû׷
ڵɲȱ׷ɱö٣Ϊ;Уõũҩ䣬Ǿ˵ѾħɽΧش
ɡ
һ󷢿ࡣ
ǿڣֽħѨ
СţŵɨΧĶ̬´Īĵطһͷħ


18 ǿߵľ
ڵҹƲס£ؼһƬ谵޾ħɽ֮УǴħ޵˻
~~
һӰɽ֮лţΧĴľ΢
ΧĺڰõķƱ񾭣˿Ĵ⣬ΪʱжϮũҩ䣬Ȼ
ദǱľƣȲżǱҧˡ
ȥˡ
ƶ˽Ų
ֲ巽Ҳǲʱ·
һôڻ谵¹£ƹ۲һΧܶ޾ɽһ˿Ļ⡣
ȷĺ
ࡣ
ʦ𣡡
ָϵĹӽָ۾һĺ
ô
ӵĽָɢӨӨ֮⣬ϵڴ˳
ҽħɽ
ħɽĵطԺˣ
ĵ˵ţƺħɽҺ԰ǰļ򵥡

һ㶣
ô㲻ң
ЩˣСӣѵҪһĻ䣿ûĿ飬ûڵѹƾͷΪǿߣѡ䡯Ҹ㣬͵ɣ
ϵĻͬ⵶һݺݵĲڷƵļ䡣
ƳĬˣŵҲķ˼һǰƺΪԼʵŵ¡
һ߾ѾԼƳʲôȥǰѾӰ
Ŀ𽥵ۣɫᶨµҪΪǿߣ
⻹ࡣ
ϵϢһտʼУ
ţ
ָӨԻɢңüͷһѡ
Ǹ˵˭ΪҪɱң
һҪɱԼֱ׾٣ԼӵũҩضѾţ;һ¡
Լľǲ
ңңң
һԺתĿ𽥵ı䣬˭ҶңһҪȫᣡ
һɵɷš
ʱ򣬷ƲŸоǰδеĽȸУʱ䲻࣬ϮɱԼôԷҶҲֻǳ¡
ԸŸһ֣
᳡ŷǰǷţиһŷ϶˵
Ȼϣܷڱϣʱˣ˲ֵĻŷֻҲһֱȥ
쿪ʼ
ƽ˽ȭͷ죬ҪһΣķħɽˣ

ʲôˣ
ˢһ¾վƺȻõĹĺ
Ҳ̫ԩˣһͽһػȻû£ⲻ췽ҹ̷ô
һ弶ͽ㲻ôȥ
쳹뵽ķȻһ£ĺ˳ȥײǽǣؿݣֱðѪݣۿҪɡ
ߣ
ֻɨһۣᲽҴҵ˳ȥ֪ǣߺ󲻾ãǸԭѾȥĺ۾ĵС˳ȥ
ڶ죬ǵǳ⣬㷢ֽƺЩԾҵĻȫڴţĴ׷·ˣƺѰʲôһ
ҴڣһпɼĶȫˣΪ֮󣬻ȻǸĺˣȻˡ

ߡ
̫ˣ
ɫҲÿ
˵Щʲôã
ǳ⣬ȻˬڲЩʱȥңһжڰ׷ˣ
ҸѾ֣֤˷ң
һϻһ䡣
ҲС
Ŀ˸һ󣬶·һڳϺȵ֪ͨȥȫʱעҵĶ̬
ǣ
һҳӦһ첽˳ȥ
һУ΢ġ
ֻǸصĺҹˡ
˵ţҲ¶ЩЩ⡣
ʮҸ似Ƽ߽ؾⲻʲôңպûŷ糾бض顣

´ңλϣ糾ʵ˶ڣǵϣһˣӣƺѾȥʱ
˵ĻŲţ
ҴüͷĿ⿴һķ糾
ңң
糾۾Щ죬ȭͷקһɷתȥ
磬嶯
ʵǰ

ʦƱֱӱɨһԣ糾󲽵˳ȥ
ã
ɫһ䣬ˣɱң
ǣ
縮Ĵű򿪣糾ڵ˳󣬸һȺ߼ϵķӵܣһ˺ƺƵĳźȥ


19 ǲ
ž꣡
ҵĴڷ糾һ֮£ֱѿľмĽ
Ϲ
ȫǣڶע⣬һЩ˶վԶۿߵĶ̬
糾̫
Ŵ󲽴Ժ˳Ժҵһڳϸ

ʦԪȫ汬ܱ߻ҳ𣬷糾۾һԾ𣬳ź˹ȥ
ߣ
һһ£αӭȥ
أ
ЯŨŨԪȭͷصײһΧĲľǾƷɿȥ
£糾Ǹ߸Ծ
ȭ
һȭͷԪҫۣźͷ䡣
ã
ɫһףв
似ܵסġ
ס֣
һӰԺ˳Ϯ糾Ĳ档
磡
ȻĿźˣûʲôô
ߣ
糾ûͣ£ȭͷͬʱ𣬷ֱˡ
飡飡
Ӱײ֮зɢ
ããõĺܣڣ
סΣǰˣ糾ɫҲǱЩŤһŭֱš
ɣ
֪ǰǴʦ糾Ҳ˿ûжҡеͷԪպȭ𣬶ʱ֣ܣܵʦнף
һ𣬶ʱҵӵȫ˿սУɼţΪǲܶ·糾һˡ
Χ۵ȺԽԽ࣬˷ŷҲ˺ſڣĻս˶ǲ֪
أ
һǶײ糾˵ȫˣֱײΧǽ֮ϣɫһˢס
ӵ似ɲ˶֣ϾƼؾ֧似ȣϵԽãֻл֮
Ȼֿӵܵ״һ飬Щڡ
һ˵Ʊħɽֱ˷ִ磬һͷ֮£ľء
ס֣
˵䣬ŷ
ɲܿŷ糾ɱΪλΨһ׽һˣţλˣʲôŶԡ
Ĳ֣𲽵ͣ
ŷ£
綼ǹʾ⣬ŷǿɲҲ
ŸǺεȵҲˣǵŸУʵҲĴ֮ϣֻǣ˼Ҳмѡ
ŷ£
ĨĨǵѪҲ˹ȴЩѾ˲Ĵˡ
ΪΣ
ŷһüͷ
ⲻӦð֪ˣһɱңⲻô
ǶˣɳϮɱҼСƵħɽΧ֮ڣ䲻ԣҳָ
˵ɫ
һͽ꣬ħɽΧǻûдĿԡ
С
ŷһ۷糾ѵ
뵽ǰ̨ϵǵӰǸΪԼꡣ
УһЩãǸƺЩʲôΪ֮ƣƺôһЩ֮
ѵ
һǺ˵ؼ糾ĳ
Ϊεôˣ˭ҲѡƫƫѡѾ¼֮λķ糾
Ǿֻһֿܣʶ糾ߵˣңϵܺãпǣʦͽ
ħɽˣ
ŷһ㵡
ǣǸʱΪκȴأ
ǰ飬ǱҪܡ
ܺ˵ʱڵǺ̬֮Ҫס糾
¾ʹա
˷糾һۣȻת磬Ҫûǣңܶģ
ĺȷǣˣǵģ
ŸУԭǲܽ뵱ķģΪֺλҩʦˣŷǳˡ
ˣҲû
ΣǵĿѾˣѳ
һλսӵҲȫ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
ظ·ϣ糾һֱͷĿš
԰ƶλػôܻ£ǽ֮һ˰ɡ
ֱŷĳ֣ż似óǱضǲ˵ңҲڳ֮Ĺϵ
ǵȸڣƻܳ¡
ͨЩ糾˿̧ͷż˵״һ飬Ҳǲζ
ⶼΪԼԵʣ
Ȼ嶯׻£ŷ棬֮ᷢʲô
ңңΣҪ㣡
ȭͷק𣬷糾ͫ׻ĳ졣
һε¼ΪǸǵǷ׷ۣȻѾħɽΧдĿô
ܻţôҿ϶ҪǸ


20 
ħɽ᰹һĴڣ޾ħޣǣͬʱҲҩԣһЩӶȺӵĽ֮Ѱҩ
ΧشʦҲ룬˽У·һ

һСٲҲжʮ֮ߣˮ£˻ǧ䣬һ
ˡ
ϵӽָڴ˳
ţ
Ƴϵٲ֮˹ȥ
һӽһɼֱ£ڷƵϣļ򣬺󱳶ʱͱҵͨ죬ҲǿĳԽ߽ǼѹԽ󣬲ǽӽм䣬㱻ֱӳߡ
ҾͲˣ
ֳȥ˷ʱ֮ٲ֮£վ˽Ÿ
䣡
ͣЪ£صڷϣҵһҡΣβȡ
֣
ҧ¾һ㣬ʹȫǿסΣҲ˿
ӵдҩ֧ţҲ»ӻ㣬ȥٲ֮»ȭ
֮УǸܵѹĺôһͨĳȭȻܱϰƻҪЧĶࡣ
ˣ㣬ӸտʼĲϰߣڣģҲܳȥΪģǲܡ
ƱͻļĽޣﵽ弶ͽľ磬Ȼǳɱӡ
⻹ǲģ
ϵִӽָڴûоԵͼ޵Ǳʡ
ǣƵճֶһħ޲ɱ
໣
ڷǰһͷޣͬӣƤëͬһ㣬ԲһƣûƷףʵͽҡ
ѾΧشͼĴˣ
΢΢ӣӻ˫ĿϣҲޡ
𣡡
תȦ׼һǳŷƱ˹ȳĿڷ磬צһ˲ͳڷƵǰ
ৣ
ƶˣȻɵ֮ײ˫һ֣ڿշ޵һȱ޺ݺݵ˦޵һϡ
飡
弶ͽȫ汬ʱõһģͷʱ򣬷Ѿٴγĺ档
һŽһţ޵ٶȴ·ҲŵײҲеʵĺһȥ
ܣ
Լ⼸ĻʳȻӵԾ׷ȥ
ৣৣ
һ·ϣ׷Ҹϣÿ׷ϵʱҪԵǷצõò½Ų
ͷħƺܸߣ
һ·ϣü΢ء
޻ƴһӣҲͷһ鶯
ʱͷһͷһСϿ֮ڣûټ
ȥˣ
ƵͣϿȱϣĿɨϿڵһС
дУҲƷһЩ˿ûзϵʾţӦûвĵԼħ޴ڣ񾭣Сĵķܣ˽ȥ
˳Щۼʱ͸ƷһСɽ۲죬ҲԿ϶Ӧþ޵Ѩ
ȥ
õķΪѨȽխСһУֱضܵƣͷٷĻǼһ
ס
ϵӽָڴ˳ƺž죬벻ֵطȺö
ö
һ㶡
š
͸Ʈ˳Ǽ΢΢˶ҩĵȽףΪͨϡ䣬ҩ֣Ѩ֮ڱһϡҩ
ϡҩ
۾һũҩҲᵽҩĵȽףҩֵУżϡҩƣһر˱ע
һ벻Ȼһꡣ
뵽⣬ƱЩԾԣߵڣͣ˽Ų
ǻһͷء
ֻе
СĵĲغã˫ĿգҲգĶŶڣȴ޵ĳ
ǣƺܾ쵽ϢĴһ㣬һȥˣѨû˿ķӦǣֻ˵ĸԶ
ȻڷϿȷΧǰʱ䣬ޱǴǶѨ¶ͷڰķƲ˿Ķ㣬ΣǴŵ߳˶Ѩ
ûƱһ˴ĥļľǹ޾ʱȻǹֱӹᴩĸѪܿûϢ

һУûѾȥޣ첽Ͽȥ
ѾȲҪ֪ǶѨڵǺϡҩ
ǽ붴ѨһҩӭõԭЩƣķƱǾһ𣬽µĲȻּӿ˼֡


21 
ѨڣȻȴҲܸԽ룬ȴǳʪ
գ
ˮת˸С䣬ǼһӨӨ֮ҩڣͷһ㣬֮УһС
ͬһŻһ㣬ɢЩЩ⣬ЩŨҩǳС

ƾһ鶼Բˡ
ⶼл
ԽָƮ˳Żϧһضѣ찡
ȻͶ֪
죿

֮䣬ҪزŻῪ֮󣬸ܽǲĺöҩЧܱҩ
ϸϸĽ͵
ܱҩ
ӶԲˣҪ֪ҩǿǴ˵еĴڣûֹء
Ҫزܳ찡
뵽Щй
Ȼ
һۣߵرߣ˴һͬγڱǼţҩЧӦòࡣ
ಣ
һ̣һĴָСӨ͸ʯͷˮΪ֮ץС
侧
ƾһҲ
ɫӨ͸ϾԪת侧ʲô
Сӣ
˵ţϽ侧׸ƣŻʧ
Ȼ侧
ӹСͷĶ䲨ޱȵȡ
ôҲ벻ԼȻ׵ľ͵õ˱뵽侧ã޷ƽ
ǣȴҲ֪侧ֻ֮ϣ̳ԪʹãȻڱǱ³
ɨһѨ̽̽ˮأȷһ˳ȥ
ޣֻصٲߣϴˢһ֮ϣ˿⡣

һᣬѽƣɢ˵ζȲ˺һ飬һʣһӱֱӸɵķ֮һҡ

ڵϣɫޱȵ⡣
һᣬθɢһȵɢȫõӶůůģҲһӾͳӯ
ôأ
ӣֽţЩ˼顣
㣬ǲĸоģǣԴԵһͷ޳˺ϲϳ⣬ԭ򣬳
벻⻹ȹЧ
˻ͷվѾǺΪõٲȥ
䣡
ʮ׸ߵٲιʯû˿ĶҡȭչһһʽޱȵĹ淶ûΪ
ǲǿϰƪأ
ȭѾǺΪɣֶȭӻķ£ٲ֮¡
ôһȻʹٲҵĺͨһƬҲǻζżһ£ߵĸо
Ҫũҩ֮ϵҩЧһѪ֮תõһӾͳӯ
ˣ
ҲǵһˣԴΪʳ֮ÿ֮ʱĪͻõķԼҲͷ
Ǻ£ҲûȥЩֻܳ
ȻὫ֮˷ѣŻƪһƣӻĶ
ٲ֮£ʱѾǳˣҪ淶Ǿ͸ˣǣȴǼֱʱ֮ʧˣűٲ̶С
ǺϰһٿԵĶӳԲˣˮС
Զٿ࣬жջ
ħɽ֮еӾôţȻô࣬ջҲǺܿɹ۵ģʱ䣬ͻƵͽٲ֮Ҳϰƪڶƣ޶˵ѾֵΪÿյͣͬʱҲµǣƬ޼ٵˮ
ৣৣ
ڣСĵƶŽŲһ˼ľǹΧĹľ峺Ŀɨܡ
ǰֻһ
ϵڷԺõĲͣ
ÿгʵΧ֮ħ޿ӽʱ϶ѣÿα׼ҲǷһֱȥԭ
ʲô
Сĺš
ϴ׷ͷħܣ
ͷ˼ħܣ
ͣ˽ŲͷħǼǵ÷ǳϴο׷óһξ룬ֱٲ֮µ̶ѡ
ٶȲ죡
Ǹʱ򣬷Ʋ弶нףħҲû׷ڣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ȥԣܣ
ƻǰжȥ
޲ˣҪ⣬Ǿֻѡ


22 ɱħ
ħɽ֮ڣħ޶Լĵ̣ƴڵһƬܵشԲһֱûǿħ޳롣
˼ħܣҲǱ֮ҪǿһЩѣħɽУҲĴڣڲͽ׵ķ˵ɾһܴս
Ͼ֮֮
ǣԼٶĵķƻǾҪһԣܸɵͷħܣʳԴ͹һЩ
˵ٶȣҲЩɻɱһͷ޵ʱǿǾһǳͷ֮ٶݾ͹ˣʵõĸо֣Ҳֻܵٲ֮¶ĳɹ
һͷ׶ߵĺһľУԣŲ֪ħ޵Ĺ
غ𣡡
ħͻأĴֱۣӾͿ֮һվſڣͿһͳŷƱ
ˣ
Ҫ͵ϮʧܣƱǳӣܶ
غ𣡡
ħܾһ̹һֱ·ϵĹľȫΪ̤֮ƽǰľҲһĵˣΪ͡
ৣৣৣ
ɽԾţͬһ㣬֮û˿ˮһᣬͽħ˦
̫˰ɣ
ͷŲԶ˻ħܣһ㶣ԼٶȾôࣿ
ǵϴΣǺòײƣһȴ׵ľͽ˦һǰһõķƲЩ졣
Ȼ
Ʊǳ׵ķгǹһᣬԭصȴħܵĵ
غ𣡡
˷ƣħҲǷ裬磬ĽµĴҲһ󷢲˫׳ĸ첲ͳŷ˦
棬ҲңսľǹСܶĶħܵĻ˫ۣһֱħܵĶ̬ʱ׼ǰȥһǹ
أ
ž꣡
̣
ľмĽľ׷ɣʯҴܣҳƬССħܷŭ˻Ǵδֹͣ
ħܴӹɣϣƺɹͷ飬ֱӱĲУƾ鶯֣ʱħҲûܲһƬ½ǡ
ΪܿħǹĹ켣ӶݵĶܿ
һʱݴħܣǻһһ֮Ҳ
ưϲ˼ҲܶĻȱħܡ
ৣ
׼ʱƺԥľͽеĳǹ˳ȥħܵĺ󱳡
꣡
ҪûпͷħܵĺӲʯһǹȥһЩƤëûܸɶˡ
غ𣡡
ħܷˣԭѾߵܵв֮󣬸ǱһϯķƶʱƵЩңǴ׳İƾͲ£һ亹
ôôӲ
ˮ˳ŷƵջ䣬һ߶һ˼ţһ˫۾ħɨӡ
أ
޴İջڵϣʱͶһӣʯ˳ɢ䡣
ס
ħܾٱ֮ʱȴǷֻëħܣҸ¾Ȼһƴİװߡ
ѵǲ㣿
֣ÿħܾٱ۵ʱ򣬶ЩڵһװߣȻħڸʲô
ৣ
΢ƿħ֮ʱеĳǹٵĻǿװߡ

غ𣡡
ƸħܱһҺҸ£ʺѪĵ涼Ⱦˡ
ֵһǰС꣬ͷҲصȥ
ܣ
Ƽٸȥ
ԭħܵٶȾͲƣֽټܴشθЩײһСᣬ㱻׷ϡ
ৣৣৣ
еĳǹǹǹħܵҸ´ȥħȻһֱű۰򣬵ǸȴһֱӿѪõ𽥵ȥ

һħһߵİװߴҲΪǹƣѪӱӿħһҡΣղʵĵڵϣӴӲͣĳ鴤ѪȾΧء

˿վԶһֱħֹͣ˺С˹óǹǴڣħûöķ
ǣ
΢΢жӿһЩɾ͸С
Ͼʵɱ˼ħܣԽⲻ˭ġ
ħܲأ
ǷҪ֪ġ
һԼٽҵħϻٲߣϴһƱһͿ
磬Ҳ̣ƾôζʲôҲ֪ôȥ


23 
е⣬ƾôţ۾ڴǹĪȵĳ֡
ûʧ
һСᣬθʹһȣ𽥵ɢȫǹůĸоٴγˡ

һԾƾվһ۽űߵ⣬ŻңӦҲܳʮˡ
㳯ٲȥɲ˷ˣ
˺ĸΪ𾢣ûܹӹŵĿ࣬ǾͲ֪Ҫԣڵķƺȷ֪䣬ʳǿ档
˼ƲԼƺˣʵĴڣΪܸܵԼı仯ǿӵǿٲĳ֮£ƤҲô죬һƺڸıš
ȥ᲻ͬħһ
һ߳ԣһ˼š
ħܣԷݳƵô
ˣ
һ޵⣬ٶȣݣڳ֮ǲ˵ͬ⾹Ȼֺô
һ㵣ӿϲ֮ɫ
ԺҪħ޵⣡
Ƶ˼Աǧħޣӵǵĳ֮ɣԼǲǿԣܳɾǿˡ
ǣƾֽʵǻֻ
ңҲˣ⣬ž֮ȾͻԽ٣ļգֱûˡ
ѹֵԵĶû
Ʋ뵽ڷ縮Ҳûٳ⡣
԰
뵽ĳƷе飬ɻ
ͬĳǰڵΪμ廹Ҫҩأ
ôõ£ҲӵȵĹЧûֳ
ô£
θɢȵůĸоõķƾûǼ̹
ԣ϶в֮
˶ɵӡ
ʦ𣡡
ƳŽָ
ϣǺʾվڴ½۷ǿߣ似Ķ侧ﶼʲôö룬Ϊ϶ǼĿɲ
ôˣ
ϵӽָƮ˳
ʦġ
ǣƽǰ˵һ顣
ʲô
ҲǾĿҲǷƵһμϳԾ
ôˣ
þò»̻̣Щʲô¡
ɣֵطôܣ
۾ŷƣңѵǸң
һμӿ˵Ƥ΢΢һ±ȷ
ٺ١
ǳһ˿Цݣ벻һġ䡯ʴߣȻЩһǳ˹ϵ
Сӣ㣬֮ʱǴѪɢô
ֳŷһ
Ѫ
ͷϸ˼ţţǰɡ
ȫΧЩѪǷȴܿ϶ǡ
еСӣиˣ
ϵĿ˸˸ˣŷƵƺŹһ㣬õķͷƤһ顣
޾£ѪѾҲǼųһһ汲Ѳɻǵĵϵɣ
ԽȥϵĿǸΪŹ֡
ʦ⵽Ǻǻ
ţԵЩˡ
㼱ʲôֻҪӵȻкô
ϰһۣϧЩһҿѪȻƾСӵѪǸСŮƨ
СӣǵöԵ⣬ԽԽã
ϳǣŷһЦ˵ӻǵʧ١

һ㶣⡣
Ҳ֪
СֹţеĿ¶ǣ㳯ٲȥ
ҪԻڶ˰ɣ
ֽٲ֮ϰһƶڷ˵ѾγɶѹˣҪģǾսԼļޣܸͻơ
䣡
ٲӵңȻ£˵Ҳиٽǣٲ·ȴǴһӰĴڣ΢ӣͬһͷϮһ㣬˳˱Ӿ

ŹĴϵÿһ鼡һ΢
ͻˣ۷壡

ЩǿȣԼƳһԾվ
å
ʱĶȴǴһľ
å
һ㶣ȥǼһƤŮվ̶߱Լ

һԼ״һ죬Ͻˮ̶ڣֻһͷ­档
ι߿㲻߿ô
ǸŮ
ãһŮֱӳеĳৼͽƷ̶ߵ¿㻮ϡá
å㲻·ˣå


24 Ů
ιôΨһһ·
৵һ¾ʹˮվŭɫЩ޷ޡ
åСһɱ㣡
ƤŮˮ֪ʲô£溬ŭҲתԭغݺݵĶСš
ɱң
ҲŭˣԼĵˣŮдԼҲˣȻлҪɱԼ
㻹ˣŮ
Ů
Ůһŭ˫ʱɷ㾹Ȼ˵СǵŮ
ֱת
꣡
һɫ׵Լ˸ţõܱߵĿռҲЩ֨죬Ȼ⿴ȥ䲢ŮȻϣһӵΪϡٵߡ

׵Ϯ꾡ðæˮУ׵ˮõˮĽˮµķҲˮ׵磬Ļһ֮䶼ЩľõϽũҩ֮ϵҩɢȫԱĶ
ôܣ
ƤŮԼҲ˶٣ȴѾϣõһӻ
Ϊˮܶĵô
ŮӶһɫСǽų֮֮£ֻܳĸ׵ԸС
ֻڹ꣬С
ŮһֱʱҲûйֹͣɼԪǾˡ

ãͣˣվﴭŴ˵СҲкˮ䡣

ˮһӰͻɶһץһƤץУѸٵĹ䡣
㾹Ȼå
Ůҧŷƣһ˫۾ð
Ϊʲô
ֱۣղˮǿǱĹǺũҩ䣬֧ôá
˵ǲвģ㴳˹һû˵ˣåأŮåߣ
Ůå
ŮĿɿڴһɪȻĲᡣ
һҪɱ㣡
ӣų
ɱңڵûǸ¡
Ҳɫһ䣬ǰŮƯˣǶһֱɱԼߵˣûʲôøС
ûǸ
ŮС΢΢һһ龧Ө͸侧ǳϡ
侧
Ӷɳˡ
мʶ
ŮΪƵ𾪶¶֮߰ɫåȻҳײС㣬죬СҪ֪ҵ
ã
Ů侧һҲû룬ͳŮȥ
ৣ
źһ֣ҲƵıֱץŮֻ侧С֡
ŮҲûϵƵٶȾȻ֮죬΢΢һ񣬱㱻ץסС֡
ȥåȻռСˣ
һЩ侧ŮҲǻָһЩԪһֻ˸Щ׵磬ֱӡš
꣡
ԵĸоõķӶʱסҩԴ߶ܿ͸оܿˣһͷֱײŮ
ֻһͷǾͲŮټȥȻ롣

ͨ
ڼУˮˮС
ŮȻǵһһİ˽ľ룬ʱ˷ִ磬һģһͬˮС
һץƽŮе侧˹ĿסŮ˫֣ó侧Ļᡣ
꣡
εĵϮȫƵһס飬ƴĵҩάţ˫Ϸ֡
ſС㣬ͷţ
ŮŤΣκηƵ˫־һ㣬ǲҡ˿
֪С˭㾹ȻҶԱС񣿣
Сˣ
ߣ
ƾŮвƶǻһߡ
ſǾûкùӳԡ
ˮ̶ڣˮĽӰڣԵüΪ֮伸һֱӴĦš
ǣԭ⣡
һ˹žһЩŲһµӶǳˮ̶ϣ̶еŮǴһЩаĿ⡣
ˣôǣ
Ůһϸü𣬡СӣϽſС㣡
ܣ
ģǣĿҲЩӶĶ
Ǽƣ⼸Ӷֻ»϶߼ˡ
ٺ٣ҿܣ
վмǸ׳ɫĿɨһŮǵ⣬ģȥСӣŮĴ
Ļ£ӳˮ̶
ſң
߽ӣŮҲǼˡ
ң
߽ӶһݣֱӱǷſŮ


25 ҩ
㣬ôԸǣ
ŮЩʹ󣬸ԪĿ飬Сֱˢףһ뵽ԼҪЩУ䲻һ
ৣ
ţƿɲɵŮԾٲ֮µʯϡ
ҲУƾͽԿ߼Ӷ·һңҲоŮƺΪ⣬ԣ⼸˾ץŮҲһŹԼ
ĬĬĴ߶ũҩ֮ϵҩԣֱ϶Ůϡ
ҩʦ
ŴˬŮȵĿѹ֣
ǹˣ
ѣſ󣬽侧Ҳ
ߣȺޣСôʰǣ
ŮɫӶӣһ˵СЩôվţһɸ߹ʾȻ¶˳
꣡
ɫɢ˳ŮųһһǴӽŷ˳ȥһӶϮȥ
֪Ůôһ֣ǸӶֱȥӲӣţ˷ɢ߰˹
ߣΪСû취ô
Ůһ
׾
űŰԵС³˫ʱͶһ֮ɫ˸Ҳ˼֡
ױޣ
һӣһϸСǱŷγɱΣӶӡ

ӶԲ֪Ů似ֱӱţ˱˳ȥ̶ò
꣡
һȥǣûʧŮתӶҲ˳ȥ

һУŮЩСǲ԰˼֣Ȼ似ڲн׵Ҳһĸ룬Ŀǰʾͳܲסȵ׵
ɶ㻹Ÿ
תͷŷƣϽư
ŶŶ
ƸϽץһֱֻۣҩԡ
Ů򵥣
ղŵ£Ƹȷó侧ڵԪģңԪҲԳ¶似ʲô׾Ȼ֮ͨ
ֲһ˲䣬ǱߵĸӶҲûӦ
Ů׳ҲסˣվԵЩԥ
Ȼ˷ҩʦŮû˹˼ɣһЩؼҲʹ
ٺ٣ѽ
ųɫ׵˸ŮԵޱȵĵ⣬ҲǴơ
׵۶ɵĳޣͬһŤõΧĿռ䶼ǷһЩƿ֮Ƥֱ
ӣʦǾҲûùӳԡ
ģ
׳޺޵ĵһƤķƣٿ˿ʮŮвʣȴҲް취
ߣ
ˮ̶Ҳˣתߡ
ٺ٣
ߺŮתͷĿŷƣһ˫Ĵ۾Ĺâ
ôҪӲţ
СһļⶼǱʱ׼䡣
Сûӵô
Ůһջؽָû㣬ЩһعͷǺԼô
ߣ
һ΢䣬ˣҪ
ŮʵûʲôøС

Ůһ㶣ɨ˷һĿЩŹ֣һͽҲ±ħ޳Ե
ҵ£
ƵĻɱ䡣
ϣåͦ
һͽܴħɽΧضΣⱾ漣
Ҫ
Ŀ䣬ŮչͷȻǴЩֺ֮⡣
˱ǣ˼Ůľ롣

ƵĶõŮɫһǲźۼĳ鶯£°޲ѡ
ȻԼ
һҪһ¡
û
̬ȼȻǲ֮Ϲϵ
˵
Ůҧ´ŬĿԼŭ
ΪһҩʦԼʵ㣬Լøī
㿴
Ů˦һƤơ
ƺ˿һۣչƤĿƤĻϡ
ҩ
ͫһţ
ͬÿһȴ棬ģͨͬһ׺֮ϣͲũҩϼصĳҩô
ĿǷЩ·棬ɫԽӵļ
һرͼ䱦ǳҩ
һλ·˵أżҩʱҩûг죬Ա´˾ǧȥҩӦѾˡ
ƤŮ˵СǰȻ
ҩ
ƤƵĺҲȻ伱
֪ҩа֣ҩȴǰʮҩ֮


26 
ҩ֮һ뵽ʣƾȣ·ָķ
ħɽ
ȥȵ𽥵ƽ
ƶݣŮҲޱȵĵ⡣
ξѰҩ
ʱ߰ͬһֻСŰС°ͣһһģ
һˣ
ƲĿ
ƤʾĳҩڣѾħɽΧشˣǴʦҲ룬ߵŮȻ˵ԼҪһ˴ȥⲻȥô
ţŮĿЩŹ֡
ʲô񣿣
Ůֱţ㲻űСʵ
ԭʹ۾ŭŷƣ˫ҲЩƺ
ţ
ɫһգͷȻƤ׻ˣˣһҪ
һƽķƣŮϵҲֱӽס
ǳҩ
еƤֱҪץˣҩ֮ĳôƽĶԴ
֪
ƽ
㲻Ҫ
룡
㲻ȥ
ǣһ֪֮ġ
ҩĶǼٵģƻѡߡ
ͽȥֻ·һ

Ůź˼Σû˵ʲôҲԵЩС죬һ˿ǿ
һҪƾԼʵõҩ
¶ģĿתѾٲ֮£ʼϰƪķơ
Ҫʲôſϰң

ƵĶûΪ˶ֹͣ
ҿԸ侧Ϊ꣡
侧֣ƵĶЩŻ
飬³֮Ҹ侧Ϊ꣡
һ侧ڶʦǿɱŮڱ飬ɼҵ֮

Ʒü𣬡ΧŴʦħޣôԸ
ܣа취ҪҩʦҪң
Ůӻ֣ƺһ㡣
Ŷ
Ƥһ΢΢ĬֵһҪųӣ
У
ŮֱӻؾҩһܱȰٿ侧ңұĽҩȥ
Ǿûʲô̸ˡ
һ̯֡
ȻҲ֪ҩ֮ҩԣһӣҩԾܱҩֵǻͨҩ֮ϣҪǣҩҪһζҩҩǾǲɴġ
㣡
ŮˮۿҲ𽥱졣
òи֤ԼĲ;ϡ
ء
뵽ĴŮӣ

Ůת֮֮죬õķƴ˴üͷһӣȻ̸
ء
Ů޵ĸˡ
ˣ޾Ϳްɡ
侧ԺʱܵõǳҩǾͲһˣǧų죬Ǻõȵģ
ء
ãĲԼҲѾʼŮ͵һ飬ҧ´ŬĿŭ
Сӵʯͷô
Ů͵żŵ꣬·޷޲ѡ

һ鼡йɵĶţţˮֱΪٲߣѾͽķٲ֮£ƪҲǺǿˡ
ѵԼһҲûУ
ŮЩգվü˼һ
ðɣһӣ
ʱƾһˣǲˣһӣ⵽Ǻܴ
ɽ
һԾ¶ϲɫ
ߣ
Ů޵ĺһǾ߰ɣ
ȵȣ
ôˣ
ŮЩȻˣΪҪʲôҪ
ұ߲ȥ
Ƴ
Ůܵ߼ħޣԼȴܣͷϵģƾԼͽʵǼܵĿԶûС
û⣡
ϣŮˬĴӦˡ
һİ취ҪҪԣ
˵䣬˫˸Īľ⡣

üͷһ塣
壬ûнݾģҪ٣Ҫܸʹ
ûұ֤½ߣ
˵ţŮСϸ¶˲Цݡ
£
һҪľǿʹ࣬ũҩҲʲô
ι㵽ҪҪ
Ůüͷ
Ҫ
һҧ´Ŀһ˿
ϣҲϣʵҪĿģ
ٺ١
ŮЦˣһóһ侧ʵ׬ˣҪ˷Ѳ侧
ѵǡ
Ƥһʱһ
Ȼ
꣡
Ůһֻϱŷɫ磬ŶħЦݣ¶Сĳŷ߽ˣúܣ


27 ׵

һĽкħɽΧ˳ɽзɽʱ޺

Ƶڵϣһһµĳ鶯ţֻû°ĭˡ
ٺ١
һƤŮһ̹ĿһУüȫǳ֮⡣
ιһܲˣϽ
Ľţ㻹ǲ˰뵱ꡭ
Ļû˵꣬ƱѾΡΡվ

ĺɼǻָĲˡ

ƵҲǴһЩȻ׵粢ܡ
ߣҾͲˣ
ŮһСٴɫ׵磬ֱӡڷƵؿϣȫ

ܷѾܣǻǲҽг
ЩһѰУȫÿһ鼡ϺݺݵиţֻоӾҪ˺һ㣬ʹ̣ȴֲԡ
Ҳûн֪ͣܵԽöԼԽֻһǾǼȥ
Ҫߣ
˲ʱ
ŮϵĿҲѾʧŵڵϵķƣֱֹ֣ôܼôã
Ů˵Ҳûĵز
Īǹ
ǷƵڶγܣͼ˰ʱ˵һ㣬Էǳ֮ͣǳˡ
ҩתȫϵʹĳ룬ֻվ

һӣⶶĦһ졣
ͻˣ
εƴʱȻн׵ĵز
Ȼܿ죡
Щϲ׵ϴӣȷǴѰ취ҲΪٵķ
ǡǳܳܵģ
뵽ղŵʹƻ䲻Ĵ˸
ϢƬ̣
˵ţƱԹԵĽһħܺãտһ硣
Ҫеǹܣ
ҪҪ
˺һСŮ
ҲŲҪˣ
Ůƫͷȥ
Ҫˡ
ջ˺һǿţǳ༫ķͬǡ
ߣ
ŮߣĿȴԾ
ɣôóԣ
ŷĿʳŮЩɻ
˵ҵ㣡
ƽ̹СУҲʳ

ִӴ˺һ飬øɾľã˹ȥ
Ůϸţȷһ˺һСϸϸĽҲ֪Ƕ˻ôģ壬ñһζǣҲ˺
һʮܿͱϷϣȻǽ˷ƵĶӡ
Чôˡ
θɢȵƴ˴üͷ
ЧѾΪ΢Сˡ
ȥɱһͷ
ħܵΧǱȽϳģҲôÿϧ

ڵܣƵĳʱ˼㡣
ŮˣǰǷӼģ֮ԼڵЩνŸӷ
ÿһţһӣ
ʵԵ޹ʵˣ;Իлر
꣡
ʱҲ˸ĺۼļ⣬һ鶶ţÿһεĶһǿӾ
¹ȥѾͽż۷ˣֻһأǾܽˡ
˵ͣͣô
ƤŮСϹźˮɫԵЩƣ롣
ǰǹȷˣԭΪһĥƵĻᣬ˭֪һж˹
Ůᰡ
ȵµ˾Ȼ
ˣ
ƴ˴üͷǲ⣬ټְʱɣҸоͻƵˣ
ߣҪԼ棬Ҳˣ
һ֣Ůе侧һգ浹ڵϣٵĴŴ΢صСظҲ֮ţһ
˵ҲǺһѹģߵôһֱͣȥ
û취ֻٲȥٲ֮£һһţǻƪ
ƲҲ˻ƪ⣬ƣƣۣ
ڣ˼ħǼ̵ͷҲһ֮
ǰ
ԾƶȭͷݺݵĻһӲʯϡ
飡

ŷԷǸȭͷΪģʯѿһѺۣɢ俪ٲߡ

һǰһУʯĽ
ŷƵĶļһɿ䶯ţѾ˼ޣ
Ҫͻˣ

ŮֹţСĵĶŷʯ
һ쵱УƵĶͣ
ʮ


28 
¸߹ңͬɫ¹⽫Ƭħɽһױ
䣡
ٲ߸ߵ£졣
ٲ֮£һӰĿ
һֱ˺ҹƲ۾Ŀ䣬ǳ
ʦ𣡡
ĺһ
ϣöӵĽָӨӨ֮⣬͸ٲ˯ƤŮڡ
ৣ
ϵӰ˳ų룬һڴ꣬ϵ¶һЩ֮ɫ
̶£ͽʮ뵽˶ʹĥѡ
ϵݱЩϾʵûУѡˣûлͷ·
ţ
ƺԥصĵͷ
ӹ
ܺã
Ҳɫһӵ䣡
˵ţ˷óһ͸¶ӷƵܵ
ܾ
͸¶Ị̄һһ޷԰Ρ
ϰܾܿڵġ䡯
ϣܾĸƷ׵ؾ
ƲЩڴĿ
Ʒ
䣬ŷֱӿȥС¶һ˿Ц⡣
ôƷأǲŪˣ
Щġ
ûŪƷ
ô
СԵЩ޾ɡ
ȻԸ⣬ǣ⡮ֻܾƷؾԼĻǸʸȥƴ
ѵ⡮ܾʲô֮ͬ
̧ͷˡ
ףû˵ôܾܽġ
ϰգ۾ϷʵĿ

ŵϴ۾Բɣܲ˼Ŀˡ
ܽؾֱδš
Ȼ
ϵͷ˵侧ͿԣȻĻȲ󣬵Ҳ֮Ҫ뽫֮ĸߣǾҪ쾧С
쾧ʲô
ЩףѾ˵ڶᵽˡ
ٺ٣һֳƺ侧
ϸϸ˵ȷǺöߣͬԵġ쾧ǾڵġԪΪԪֻӵСԪǿߣǲվ½۷ǿߣǣ쾧ͬʱҲǼΪΣյĶĿ񱩣ھǿߣûȫ׼Իᱬ
ڶУ
һݣӲһ¡
ڣʲô᰹ڼǿ˫־Ĺ
ƨԺ֪ˡ
ϲмһ

Ŀǰ˾ǹＶġ
ֻͬԵġ쾧ǱԣԻᱬܾȴںϲͬġ쾧ӶĵȽף
£дޱȵİȻ
ӹܾȵƽڵĴ֣ͫڣȻת
ó侧
ϵͬף˳統еķơ
侧
һǿָ״С侧ڷġ
ǵãܾȥƿ䣬һҪȫȥƿ
š
Ƶͷһһֳ侧һܾϢУܾȻ򿪣һдֳڷǰӡԺһҳȥ黯ǵɢڡ
ı۾ܾǵһͬۻԺһһĻطš
Ծ
Ҫĵһ£񣬷ƱĬĬܾ
ɫǺ죬̸ͬҲЩͣǿɲ

˻ӷƿзԵúΪҲһֱ󻡶ȵĶš
Ҫõȸ
֣
ܾʼƾѾû·ΨһľǼ֣ȻȴĽǱ塣
ƤҲͬɽһѿѪ˳ѿĿӿ

оȥҲ
ڷ׼ҪʱһůĸطӶѪ֮ǻָ۷״̬
ǹ
һϲܣǳܵ
ҿ
˳˻һ
ǣ
ӷƵڣһͬ쳹
䡯ˣ
ʱ򣬷ҲһϽӨⲼɢŷƣԷͻ
䣬ΪΣյʱ̣ƱҪܾɹ
꣡
ƺʲôһ㣬һԷƵŷ˳ΧһУһɨ⣬ٲҲΪ֮

һڵУת֮䣬һǿȡŷڵһоǾһ亹æתܾ


29 ߳

ڵתͬ죬һЩǵ㱻УУգôȴƵĽǱ˸ɡ
ܾĬĬеٶ΢ȴûжĺת
У
ƷܾתȻеĽࡣ
һҧƿʼе侧
侧ؼ̵ԪɫҾӨɫѽ뵽ڣһЩ䶯
ܾʼˣԵҪ˳࣬ĸеĽ࣬ǹŻ
ʱ򣬷ȴҲоһЩ仯
һЩ𽥵ĳۡ
ѵԪ
һϲ
ԪǾʹŷѾ߼
ˣ
ԵЩţһ

۾Ƴ³һڰɫ
ǳɹˣ
˵̫磡
ϵ˹ע⣬㼶Ҳʱ̶ܾȸϵĻٺ٣Ͳˡ
ˮš
ȻҪ侧ô
Ѿ޵侧ȫǿ⡣
ȡһ侧ȻܾõȴƼؾҲ㲻ϣֱ̫ˡ
ôһԪʲô
ǵԪᡣ
ܴĸ˵ܾĵȽףǣôף侧άֽȣʵ̫ݳˡ
Ƽѣʮ侧ҾͲˡ
䲻˵һ䣬õķġ
ʮ侧
ƵɵԲ
ĿЩеļҲδӵ֮ࡣ
쾧أ
һƿʵ
쾧Ҳ㹻õƷܾһҲ˵һ飬ܾܽƼƷ
ϸĽ˵š
Ŷ
ƵĿʱô˵һ쾧ּܵʮ侧
ͣ
һСӣ쾧ĺôģ˵ˣ쾧֮ڵԪͻתԪԪǿǳԪĴڣ
쾧侧Ĳ࣬ͨҩҩĲһ
ôĲࣿ
ƵһüҲ
ôһ쾧϶ǼΪѵˣ
ҩħɽڻǿɼģҩû˵һֱǴڴ˵״̬ͬ侧Ƽֱȥ
úüͣסԼС
˵ţ˻ǵɢ١
侧쾧
ƻ˻ͷ
߽ԲõãǣѾѡ·Ǿͱȥ
ô˵˶̵ʱڽߣ˸˵һ¡
ۣԪƵ΢΢
𲽶ѣ
¡¡
ٲɣƴ
ʽٲ֮µķ۾һĨӨһ

ֱͦӣһȻȻľ¶˳
ȭͷսɫԪŷӱ˫Ŀǰұڡ

ƣԪУĸһǳɣ΢ƿȭͷֱұ֮ϡ
أ
ȭͷֱұ֮ڣΧҲѿһѷ졣
ৣ
ջȭͷʯ䣬Ƶ΢΢
֮ͽżҪǿʮ
ߣӵԪǿߣͽܱģ
Ԫ̫ˡ
һУ֮һԪЩᡣ
ؾƷ׹͵ơ
һҪ취Ū쾧
侧ƼҪʮ飬֮϶ǳɱӣ쾧ƵĿˣõ쾧УҲֻӵԪԼӰһƴ
ৣ
ԾٲŻ˯ƤŮĿͣ
ƤõŮľԶ¶һͷںڵĳҵ䣬һ־µСͬ񹤾ĵƣʮѾһŮ
ƺ쵽ʲôŮ۾å۾Ŀأ

ץ˸ţһ죬ѸٵջĿ⣬ɻǱŮһ١
ˣ
̣۳Ԫˣ
Ů΢㶡
ţ
Ƶͷ΢գԪɢ˳
ôܣ
ŮſС죬۾󣬿ŷƾ翴һͷһ㡣
뵱ŮҲʱ۳ԪʱΪʮţƫԶһС꣬ȻһϾ۳ԪԿ
㲻ǹﻯΰɣ
ŷת˼ȦǺɡ
׵壬û£Լۻˣֱǹо
㻹߲ߣ
ƱĻȻһںǳ⡣
ߣôߣ
һ뵽õҩŮЩȸԾ


30 ᱦ
деħɽ֮УǿߵʬǣӴԶΪء
ǣħɽ֮ڣȴһ˲ΣҲҪĶ
ҩ
ң೬ǿ֮ڣһЩ߼ؼðӶ
ѾӽΧشһŮּ䣬ٲȻǷƤŮˡ
ЩӣѾܵʮħ޵ϮɱиǳͷʦģŮ׵ؼ֮£޶ա
Ϊɱʦħޣ룬Ůؼжǿᡣ
ȻΧشҲһЩССջģЩѾժȡ˼ʮҩ
ҩ˷Ƶļҳ㷹һʱ䣬óҩԲũҩ֮ϵġ
ЩŮ׵֮µħޣȻͳ˿еʳԽǸ߽׵ħޣܾŨõķƺΪϲֻǿڲ֪ȥЩڵܣֻÿߣܲŻԼ֡
ǵʲôأ
΢üͷһ߽ſеҩһ˼š
ܲȫȴԪǣȴǻܾܵԲԪͣԪ
ϧȴ֪ʹã
ȵȣ
ͻȻͣס˽ŲһŮεĵشȥһʯ֮
ʱһѪ۵ӱײײܽ˵ߣӵ󣬻һȺɷ֮ٸ
ৣ
һӵٸȻԪ緢Ӹǰ
һСᣬӱ㱻ʮٸΧ
رͼ㲻
˫Ŀӡ
Σ
̬ȼʮ˿ڲϵѪϢӼ
Ǿɣ
λεĴ󵶣ЯԪӵͷ¡
ᣡ
Ӱγӭȥ

ӱȫһֱ룬Ѫ࣬һء
ٸǰһҳһƤ
ϴҵˣ
ǸٸƤݸӡ
еƤҲ¶ϲɫֱ̯һ˫۾ȫ̰
ٺ٣ηˣ
ЦţƤָȥ

ɿŮСƣ˶صһ
ղ¶˾ԻᱻǣȥңֻһۣƱܿóǸӣʦģңټǶ߼ٸڲߵ˵Ǵ鷳
ɱ˶ᱦħɽ֮ڲټҲ˵һˡ
رͼ
Ƶ۾Ҳԥһվߣȥ
ٺ٣ð
ŮҲΩ²ңһҲȤ
һ·ԶԶβ棬ֱٸһɽͣ
ˣ
ӽƤָһȷ
ϴɽ
ߵһٸɵʵ
ȷһüͷҲ𣬡أþɽ֮£
ɽףŨƣףҲ˵Ҳмǧ֮ֻһۣЩٸȫз顣
£Ӷԥˡ
ԶԴһʯ֮ð˳
ιǳȥ
ŮƫͷԵЩԾԡ
ȵȣ
Ƶһۡ
ι˵ʲôأ
һأŮ˷ܵһֱûƽȥ
ô֪
һۣûĿһֱǶӶϣȴǵһ
ǰɽҲǳĬ
ððȻȥǾȥǾԲģΪݲرͼǿǷѾҲʧ˲Ա
ףϴǸط
һӶɽ߹ãߺ
ʲôط
˹ȥ
˳ӶָӱǼһòɽ±ϣһڵɽʱ۾һ
С壬Сȥ
ϣ
СĵԾȥ뵽ɽ֮ڡ
󣡡
飡

һɽڴ˳ʱһ죬žʹ˲ҽ
󣡡
ԣЯŷŭʱһͷԳǴɽԾһԾͳӶǰ
һͷҸߵԳɫ˱Ű̧ͬ˫ۣͳǰһӶȥ
أ
ԽĽǸӶҵϡãû˿ķ
󣡡
ɱˣԳԴ󷢣߸ߵԾ𣬳Ӷȥ

һ࣬ó󵶣ӿ˸˸ԪԳͷ¡


31 Գ

ԳײŷǣԳˣǴȴֱӱ׷˳ȥһĲԵڵء
˻
ԶķƵһԳ
ǰͷԳʵҲʦнң˫ȴͬɱݣȻҪ׬ˡ
󣡡
ܴ󣬷ǵûԳ⣬ԣ޶Լţ쳤һӶǱԾ˹ȥ

һӶֱ˺룬Ѫһء
꣡
һŤһԴӾͱŤԲɵ˫ĿȫǾ֣һ󣬾ͬһѿ
߼ӶǰʦԳɱķ޿赲˲֮¡

ŭĿһɣԪȫ汬оֳһ
ɽ
һԪԵŷԳ˹ȥ

Ȼ󲿷ǱԳ˫۵סǱƴ࣬Ѫʱ
󣡡
ҽһԾɷĳŴӱȥ

ɫ䣬æˣٶôȵùԳ
󣡡
Գ׳˫ۣЯƿ֮ȥ
أ
Ѫӵ˳ȥżһ֣з𣬡ߣ
꣬ͷҲصļȥҲӶǵ
ৣৣৣ
ʣļӶԥģ͸ȥ˿ûͣ
Գ̫׺ˣɱֿĵҲûˡ
ʬһӶջĲʹճ
󣡡
ԳҲûȥ׷ϣվ±ϣؿɷ䣬ɷ
ô
ӶȥתͷŮʵ
ߣСң
Ůֱվһ죬УԳ˹ȥ
΢飬ûԥȥ
Ůȷӵвʦħ޵ĵƣ;УҲѾʶˡ
󣡡
Գһ죬˫͵һ棬Ӵθ߸Ծ𣬴ųɷ˹
׾
ŮɫһС³ױʱϵɫ˼֡
ױޣ
гһɫ϶ɵĳޣԽŷ
꣡
𳤽ŮԳ˦ȥ޹ռжƿ֮
ž
ı˦Գϣֱ˳ζʱһصˤڵأŮǵƲˣųױ޲ϵĳԳϣõҽвѡ
Ȼ׵ܣܹ赲ġ
Ȼ
վŮ󣬲ʱĴҩŮϣ˻ԳŵĲ¡
׵ԣ
ûйڼʶ׵Եܣ޵Ľ
Լӵ׵Ըжã
쾧
˵ԼʣκԵ쾧ʱ򣬷Ʋ˽⵽ʴĺô
Ҳȫûô
ԳһЦ
쾧Լ̫ңԶˣԼҪľβܱסԼСѡ
󣡡
ԳĲҽޱȵҪ룬ЯıһӶΪ֮סټϴӸĴˣ𽥵ȥ
꣡
׵ı޼ֱӵԳĺѪֱҵţȴ赲Ѫӿ󣬱Ϣſ
㶨
ջسĨĨͷϵĺˮŮתһ̬߰ŷơ
ˣ֪
һЩӵദ֪ŮƢΣʱҪ˵άĻǾеĳˡ
ŮԲƺҪֻܵõ˵Ͽɶѡ
ߺߣ
ŮСԴ߰ͬСһ㡣
ҡҡͷԳʬȥ
ɲ˷ˣң۲죬ƸǿԳһƣۣ
ԼҲӵôһ˫ۣǾԻܶһľϲ
ţǱ΢΢ֽԳװָڡ
ұأҪҪȥ
ת׳Ůлһ
ȻҪȥѵҪô
ŮعһĿŷƣƺһ
һͬɽϣǿ˲ڣԾ£뵽ڵɽڡ
ɽƺģ϶иĺۼ
ĳλ˵Ĳ֮
۾һԪųӨӨ֮Χĺڰ
̫ˣҵģ
˵ţŮһóһ侧Ԫһߣ侧ɢ貵Ĺʱɽյͨ


32 񻯾
ɽŰңȳǰıٸƵʬ壬ѪȾ˶ڣڵϣټԭʹڵһЩкõԭЩɭϢɽһЩֲ
ˣ
ЩɪɪŮһ䣬ȥ
˭ˣ˵˭ˣ
ĻŮʱţιȵң
ʬ壬Ů׷ȥƺǺ·ƽνıضһ
ʯ̨һʬϵҲѾȥҲȥЩˡ
ʯ̨ԣɢЩȻǱԳʳġ
бأбأ
ŮĴɨţȴûзд˵ЩƷصĴڣʱԵЩȤ
ס
ɨʯ̨ƱǿһɫҰ鼮ڣ̧ţ˹ȥ
񻯾
ӡƵڡ
ʲôǲ켶ؼ
Ůܿʹչͷһ²ӣ񻯾Сܿת֮죬ࡣ
ʲô
Щɻʵ
񻯾㶼֪
ŮһܲģԼ֪ˡ
˦˦֣ĿϸĴΧƺҪҳԼĶı
Ŷ
ӦһСķ˿
֮ħΪ񻯣
ƪõķһǼȥ
ߡ
ƻȻ񻯾˵۳ľҲΪͨƷԼ˵еĳƷƷףܱͨʵƷܱʵڳƷϣԾڳƷ˵Ҳпܵ顣
ȻҲô򵥵飬Ҫ۳Ȼһж̸
˻Ȼؼ
ƵһرᵽĳƷ񻯣Է˵ױȵջ󣬸Ů׾еһˡ
ѹϡ
ЩȻ
ô
ĽܣȻĶָ֣Գ˳ƿԳͷ­һöħǳǰ
ȻԽǸ߽׵ħޣ̳ħļʾԽߣ
ȣܸоħڱŰ
ԣ
Ȼ֪ħڵбΣգǷȴĻᡣ
͵ȥħģĬĬš񻯾ϼصƪ
һ˿˿Ű˳ֱڡ
ӿɾͲˣЩŰħһ㣬ڷںֱײ
֨
ҧأѪ͹ɫҲԵЩͷ϶ӴСĺβƬ̣Ѿʪ͸
Сӣ߾͸ǲ
ŮĿҲǷڷϣǷģСֹţԼҲûдһЩǡ
۾ǿ񻯾ʹһ̣ħǱŰΪӣ
ܵϮڵľǱЩ֡

׼ʱʼƪתƪ
𽥵
ɹɣ
űϳıŰŮСųɡOΡ
ĸڣһ˵ȽԽߣҲԽ㣬ȻҲɵĶ࣬һߣǲжپ
ˡ
һ۵һ飬һɫľ𲽵ĳΡ
ڷΪ˵ʱ䡣
ЩѪڵٴγˣ
ЩܾһСϪž۶һһĳˢţϴţõΪ
һڵľȣעģҲ޿ɸģǣЩĪȴþȣֱ֮Ϊ

һĳϴţõöԽӵľӨ
ѵƷף
һϲ
Ȼһֱ֪ƿЩܵĶ̬ǣÿؼʱ̣ܻг֣벻ĺô
ˡ
ڶαŷŮҲ
Ʒ񻯣
ŮĶˣС״γ档
˵ľô˾
ĴȣȻ˵ģǣ汲ҲһشأҲһЩǿߺһֱǿ֮һ
ǣƫԶĵشȻܳʲôǿߣԣŮЩɻˡ
ҲǣһﱾǸ
Ů죬ĿȴѾûƿΪƾȻû۾
ɣ
һ뵽ĳֿܣŮ۾ϴСԼſͣҲھҵš
ⲻܣԲܣ
ҡСԴǰʵ

ʣûͣϢ
һĬĬĽţҲƣֻܿš


33 鷳
ܣݷ˵ӦǴѪ֮ڣôһ˵ȴҲΪ

ͬ˳һһĴϴžĴȣõΪϾΪ͸
ȻͬܣǷȴоγֵƺЩ֮ͬƺ֮ǰ֮ʱҪһЩڣʲôԼҲ˵
ʱʣתһ켴
Ŀһѭš
Ůɽڵһûзеı֮ҲЩйڷԣʱľˣҲ붨ʱ䣬ɫ׵š
ͻȻģ۾ΪڴһЩ춯
˭
һҲվһ죬С
棡
ҲԵЩȵģŻڳ
㡣
ˣŮüͷ
ˣٲȻԳභȺӶеһ
ɨһȦڣûзʲôٿֳֳŮķƣ˵ϳ
óǲ
ɭвţҲóУԪӿƺʱܻᳯŮ¡
ߣ
Ůһ۾гһӣųֱӻ˵ţ֮˳ȥ
֪
ŮıһۣӶ˼Σ䳹׵Ļ˹ȥ
һôûã
ɴ붨ķƣüؼΡ
۾ֻҪȥˣʵܿ죬ǷƾþòѣõŮٸĪ
ͻ¼ƾһˣԲһӶĶ֣ңһʦĴ
û̫࣬Ŷȥڶڣ̫ˡ
ɽ֮ϣһӶվûдһüͷҲ
磬ϰ˲Ҫ̱ذɣ
һתͷŴ˵
ĻʱõмȫӣȻǶɻ
ԳشѪ޷ֹסԣһǱٴת˻ڣϰ˵ӶѾȥʱˣûдҽУҲûԳ˻Ҳѹǻỳɡ
ȥ
ӳһǸ˵ӷԸһ䣬ϰĸԲֵǵ£ֲ飡
˵䣬Ҳɱڡ
ģ
ĳУӱǳŲԾȥ

һɫɽ緢µϣõһֱӵɽֻһҽоû죬Ҳ룬ɽж
ˣ
ɫһ䣬ϵԪһӿһơ
˭˭棿
ĺȴûӦ

һ뵽֮£ӱЩķȻˣôؿ϶ǱȡˣǸϰˣҲ׶༪١
ǺˣȻҰӶŵĶ
ǳֻñԼӶŵҪԴѹˡ
ҰӶţ᰹Ӷ֮һųǣΪ飡
ӣֻеһ֧ѣһ֧ӵһʦķֶӳ뼸ʮԱҲ˵ҰӶŵʵȷǺΪۺġ
ãҲûлӦӵɫ˼֡
Լôʧ˼ʮԱرͼԿԳٴʧԱԼܴôһ־Ȼ˼ױ˭Ҳˡ
϶ģȥ
תͷһ
ӶǰһۣͬʱԾ£ежԪֱϮǿڵɽ
飡飡
ײ˱ǿһƤŮɫһɫĳ

һױɨеֵӽһ飬ŲҽжԨ
߼ͬʱʧõӶǵһ
ֻһ˵˶ʦ
ʦǾ鷳ˣǴӱҲˡ
ɨһʣˣһ顣
ʧأû湦ֶӳҲͷˡ
ҾͲ㲻
γ˳ڲ֮ϵ±ϣ˫գҲգĿǿɽĶ
鷳ˡ
⻰Ůü
ӵ׵ԣټֵƣһҲסǣҪȥǾ鷳ˣ֪ǻһʦӶء
Ǽһôûɣ
Щյɽڡ
ôҪһʱأ
ǣ֪ǣƵľʵǺܴеãԲŵ˵١
ֱһ˿Ҳʧ٣۾ſ
쳹ɽһֱȥþûֹͣ


34 һҲܷŹ

쳹ʮ㣬ͬõΪ֮ɪѾʦĴӣҲ˺˼
һˣ
Ů΢
ղŴһӶһӵ£һ˾ˣϾߵʹó׾뾪ױط̫ˡ
԰ѵǳƷ
ŮЩɣᲽȥ
ҲȷûгƷƵľȸƷҲﲻǣȴŹܣΪϴӾĴȣԣʱҲࡣ
Ѫ⣬֮Уʳħ֮⣬ȡеľ
ⶫƲգǣÿؼʱܻг֣Ӷľϲ۾ȻҲû⡣

һԾƱվĶһµĹĦһ漴쳹
ڵ飬Ʋȭͷ
һڼ֮ӿһǰδеĸоõ̲סһԡ
ƣԪУһǳɣζһ˭ƱŷԪ緢ȭͷֱǰұ֮ϡ
̣
һ죬ʯĽȭͷ˼Ӳұ֮ڣȭͷΪģ˷ѿһɲѷ죬ŴҲЩ
ৣ
ջȭͷһȭ֮ж顣
似Ͼ񻯣ܣɱߺף
ι㻹԰ʲô
ŷǳƨģŮûĺһ䡣

ƶʱɫһΣЩڨڨ
鷳ˣ
һ뵽Ů͸
ʲôƶҲбأڸǱɽ֮ڡ
鷳
һ㶣ŮɫҲһ
㿴ǣ
ŮָָǸӶ
ǣ
ǷΣȻûǣһ뵽ǸʦĴӣüҲǴ
ʲôƶʲôҰӶţߣ
Ůߣ޷ޡ
ҰӶţ
֣иһ
´²ˣ
ҰӶţŮûȴ׹Ƿ˼һžܽ
˼Ŀâһ
ȻȥǣȻٸϣǵãһҲܷŹ
ԼٶݣƻǺĵġ
˽״ָ̬ǸӶĳУ˱ǳŶȥ

˿ƵĿûа˿һ壬⣬żһˣαǸ߸Ծ𣬼˴ӵ˵ϮɱЩӶ
ٵһ꣬õЩӶǵסҲ¶˼Ŀ⡣
㶣ƿǲ㶡
ৣ
𣬾תԪƣһǳɣٴαڵĳͬеĳУŵһӶֱ¡
ƣõǸӶЩңеĳУҪס


ж
ǸӶֱӱ룬Ѫ棬ֱĲ
õ
һųԾЯŨŨԪŷȥ
Ѿֻٴεлӭȥ
ᣡ
̣
еײԪʱϾ;ϯֱӱ׷˳ȥе󣬲סΡ
ŷһѪ˳
ô
һ㶣˱ضԼͬģƵı֣ȴǱԼ˲ֹһ

һɫıͬߣƿֱ֮ɴ
Ǿױޣ
ܵвҲ˲ǰķƣһתеĳҲûľ˳ȥ

Ȼס´ȴҲ׵һԾҲڵ档
׼ʱƵũҩ֮ϵҩԣȫӱٴԾеĳгŴȥ

ΪҪӦǰױޣӸ˲󣬲ǲоѾԼˣѪҲǴӿ

ĲҽдĿз䡣
ߣ
һ׷ȥ
ٶȣôȵùƣ
ԾлӵԴ͵Ѫϸߡ
⼸̫죬õЩӶֱɵסˣʦĶӳȻôˣ
ӣ
ֻôһۣû˷
һҲܷŹ
ƺһ¾ͳӶ׷ȥŮȻҲûţеľױ˦߽Ե
һһһƲŷ
Щ˿ɲʴȣֻẦԼ


35 ȭ
߰ɣ
ٴɨһۣٴγħɽΧȥ
ЩѾǴһĬҪƽɫӶɷħޣ˶ǴĺΪ
׵ԣʵ̫ˣ
ⲻǷƵһθпˣ˵ûŮ׵ԣħɽڼǴ粽ơ
ЩʦħޣղŵĴӣһĨȡ
Խɱ
ΣһҪ㵽쾧
¶ġ
˵ʱķʵҲΪˣƣϼƷ񻯣ʵܱ۷壬Ƕʦףһûз
һӹ꣬Ѿ̤ĵ·
Ȼ˵Ǹոտʼ
һûյ㣬ǣҵǸյ㣡
ڷƻǷȱܾƷܾƷʵ̫ͣڵԪ٣ܳ־ãξ似ĿǰΪֹҲӵһ弼ƪ
⻢ƪʵ似ҪǶΪ𵽵ֻһƵã˵ˣҲֻϰ似֮ǰĻѣ似ǰӳԪܡ
һս似ҲΪƵ
ȥҸ߼似أ
һߣƴüͷ˼š
ˣʦ𣡡
ܿ죬뵽˷ϵĴڣʱϲɫҲ¶˳õһԵŮĿüĹ졣
ҹĻ٣ǵ׺һɽǰͣ˽Ų
ҹߣ˿ǼΪѾӽΧʦħѾΪԣΪ˰ȫ룬ҹһ㲻·
ԳǱ˿ϡ
ڷƷĳ뷹ͰʳŮѾֲˡ
ҲڷˣҪԵĶһɡ
ԵĶʵǳŲȥˣƲֹͣ˿ʳʱһůůǴθӿ
߼ħ޵⣬ǲһ㰡
ڷ˵ζǴҪģҪкеܡ
ֻǲ֪˫ֱǲԳôӲأ
һζֱۣڴ
ʲôħޣƶȡǿʱҲ֤ʵˣٶȣݣԶԶĳʵ̫Զ
ϴμԳһ˫ۣԿʦĴҲռϷ磬Ͷ˫۳ڴ
ιʲô֡
ɫķƣŮſڣ˳
ȻѾദһЩӣǱ˴ȴû򵥵ʶҲһεĹѣ˵ľ룬һЩ
ƣ
۾ƫͷűӡŮʵأ
磡
˵꣬Ůվ߽ɽ
磿
𣬷Դ
ռңôô
Ůֳ벻ƿУ֪Ůݿ϶ǼΪ˵ãУһֱҲûʹ
˻ͷûȥ룬ֱҹ
ʲô£
Ө⹹ϵӣֻһɨۣ㽫ƵһпУڷ۳ļƷûбֳ̫ľ졣
ٺ٣ʦ似ô
ƴ֣
似ȻС
һЦڷԵôɭõһɲõԤС
Ҫ߼Ļǵͼģ
ͬһͷһ㣬ջŷСñ
ȻǸ߼ԽԽã
Ҳûͻش
ͣ
һСӣΪ߼似·ߵʯͷôҪپж٣ңĸ߼似ҲҪ򣬲ʹ߼似Ȼ㻹һЩƼ似úһЩ

ͷɫЩڨڨ
ţҿȥɡ
ȻҲ֪һû似ϰ˼һ׳һ似
߽似ȭ
һ߽׵似ƶʱ˾һ˫۾ȫ⡣
ؼ似Ҳ롣
ٺ٣ʲôʱ޳ˣҴһؼ似
ںЦУϵӰӨɢ
ؼ似
ֻһƾ̲סЩˣקֱֽҲǽࡣ
ʱͳ¼ֽ̯ʼϤȭ
ϸϸƷһƵһ
ֻ似ô
˵ȭأһһصӣƼֱȥ
ԭǸ߽似
ǲ¶һЩЦ
ѹ˼翴Ͽ񻯾һΣգһþ͵òʧڶ˼Ҹӵиõġ
񻯾似
Ǻݺݵķ
ƷѾ㲻˷ƵˣҪǳƷ
ϣȴûĿռ䡣


36 ľ
ȭһһ磬Ҫĵӣ纣ĳһؽһأ𲽵ﵽ֮ȻûдȥʱЩҪܣνɱһǧ˰٣һþԲ֮ա
һ
ϵĽܣȻҲд󣬷ֽⱼȭһΡ
ӿ翪ƿʼվǿʼתڵԪ

Ԫ纣һ㣬ȭ⣬ȴֿʼܻأһһԪʼۼһᣬѾﵽ߳۷ĵزƵֱҲʼȭͷϸѾŷӨӨâ
Уһĳ̶ȣ
Ѿ뽫ȭԪȥǣݾأһȴҪʮ֮ڣȴ֮ѡ
֣
һСĿѾȭԪһ߻ҪڵԪһСҲѾͨ죬ӴСһεĺˮסĵ䡣
һֱֱʮǱﲻסˣȭͷҲпҪըĸо

ȭͷƴһֱԱߵһʯϡ
飡

󣬾ʯֱըʯҽܡ

ջЩȭͷص³һڰ
һأ˳ˣأٳ֮޷󣬷Ŀǰǳܲס
ҪǿǿĶ
û޳Ԫ֮ǰֻ취һ壬֮ǾͲͬˣΪѾӵԪ
壬һ󱦿⣬һ壬ͽֱӴĶѣܳԪĴڡ
ԪʵҲһ˫нˣҲ˼岻ʵףǴǳ̸
ȻԪԪòˣ
ôһ仰⣬ʦʦƤǣ࣬裬ѪϣڸϵʥûˣƺҪԪתΪԴҪôû֪
ԣ;У壬ǹؼֻнĥļʵˣܸܳڡ
ʹԪ⣬ʵܼ򵥣ֻҪԪתȻͻȥ̼⣬ӶﵽЧ
ԣкܶǿ߻ѡ񣬴򶷣ΪԪӼӿתӶӼӿЧ
ʵҲ֤ˣһЩ۷ǿߣȫһЩ򶷷ӣҲͷ۵
ǾͿʼɣ
߿һξ룬ƱʩչֽΧľʯꡣ
Ҳܳãⶫһһ֣ѣң۵ľ񻯣ʵԼľƴ
һҹܿ͹ȥˣֱɫƲͣˮʪ͸⿪ϵƤһȪϴһŻصɽȥ
ڶ죬·ڣΧشħ޳־͹ƽˣٶȸ
зڣƿһЩǿħ޵ĵ̣Ȼ˾Ҫ޿ڡ
жԶ
һͷʦħ޵ָתͷʵ
Ŀǰָҩ̫ǲ֧һˡ
ء
ͳƤȻһѾһˣڵٶȣŻҪʮҾܵˡ
ʮ죿
ƵüͷĴ
Ҳ˵ҪٳһҲҪʱ䣬ôһҩǲˡ
ôˣ
Ƶ״ɻ˾䡣
鷳ˡ
ǣƽֿ˵һ顣
ɣҩ
Щ㵵ĿûҩҲӦҵģôһµʱҲˣ
ҵĻֻ鵤ѡ
ǹſ⡣
ҪʵƾЩҩǰҲܳȥǣֻ鵤ѣһ֣Ӷɳɱ˷ѣ鵤ƣңΪȱһЩҩԵĻҲﲻΰٲٶЧ
鵤
ſС죬һܲ˼Ŀһö鵤Чôܣ
ȻЩܲ˷Ƶ˵
ڽܷҩҩԣжϳŨҩԣнף߽ҩӵеˡ
ڷȴ˵Ѿӵ߽ҩԵҩһö鵤Ůܽܡ
ؼҩʦ
һ뵽Ҳһ
ҩʦԼҲӵв׵ĵλˡ
ѵҲĳӵܳ
뵽⣬Ůüͷһأɨ˼۷ƣǣϣȴûɴʡ
ͨҲûС
Ǹֵˣ
Сֹš
ؼҩʦܴﵽƷԺԲ֮


37 
ûзƵҩҲ֪ƾԼһˣ޷ȡҩġ
һʱ䣬ЩԼ̫ˡ

粻̾һ
ôһȥĻֻ·һ
취ǻһ
˼ãſ˵
Ŷʲô취
ЩڴĿ
ȡҩ֮һӣа취
ʲôҪһţ
ֱˣһ˫Ĵ۾Ҫðŭŷơ
һԽԽԼˣҩһӾܱҩһﾹȻҪţǿ벻̣ǣͷˡ
ȵȡ
뵽һֿܣеŭʱȥǣҩгҩɣ
ֿܣõҲ޲
ҩǿҩ֮ҩϼôһҩҩôʹеҩѾǷǳĲˣ
š
˳Ŀ⣬ƻĵ˵ͷ
һ
һ˲䣬оȻһҪƽʿĳ嶯һﵽǲǹˡ
Ҫҩ֮ҩ䣬½Ҳడ
һص̫ˣ
ţ۾ϸɨţƺҪʲôƵá
ٸһӣҲû⡣
˶٣ŮֵӦһӦˣټһӸ㡣
С΢΢¶˳Цݣõķзڡ
˵
˴üͷ
ôֻҪڷΧڵĻһȡһҪȡġ
ռҵĹҩʦ

üͷһء
ģֻǹҸԣֲҪΪռ
ǽŵģûĽ͵
Ŷ
ǽŽɣֻǹǾû⡣
ڻǴһ£Դϲ
һĹҲܵҩӣڵķ˵ֻ̧һԶͶʣһֱоѾҩԲ򵥡
ҩ֮ҩ䣬½ҲûɣһﵽǴĵģ
ٴκɨɨƣܸоһ۾Ҫһʱ䣬ҲŴﵽƷزˣԲ򵥡
µû۳ÿγ⣬ЩܾͻϴӾĴȣõķĸĪ
ѵƷ
Ҳôġ
һֱôȥҲȫûпܵ飬Ϊȵǿ
ȣۿɼ
˹ʶȻҪǰУǰ棬ǳ䵱źڡ
ৣ
̵һĻҶȥһЩЩ죬˵ĿĴɨǰš
ѾΧǴΣգȻŵƣҲ̫д
ɽһƬžûһ˿ӵĽҲûٴ
ȵȣ
ƶס˽ŲΧļž̫죬õϵĺëҲ
뿪⣡
ЩڷԺ
ߣ
˷ϵûԥŮֱֱۣŻ·ɱȥ
ôˣ
粻Ȼ˷Ƶֱۡ
͸
Ҳһѿ˺ˮоΣƺһֱڽӽš
ôа
Щţû˿Ц˼ң·;ÿεԤ϶׼ȷԣǸȥ
¡¡
ʱһʹħɽڲ˳Ƭħ޶Ǳ
𣡡
ĺأǧħ޶ɪɪȥ
໣
һƴĺУ˿ǰõħɽڵħ޼ΪĩˣȫſҲҶһ¡
̣̣̣
¡¡¡
ȫˣͬ鱻ߵһŰϢϯһʯĴףһÿù𣬾Ҳˣյɽ֮ڣǶһ١
𣡡
໣
޺һֱûͣ£һһ壬һ졣
ѵʲôˣ
˵ɫǲÿ
Ū죬ǾԲʲô򵥵ħˣСߣЩನҲܲ
ѵǵ׿񻢣
ֺɫҲһƬࡣ
׿񻢣
Ƶֱһ
˵ĿɾħɽΧİǿɶ鼶ħޣ
鷳ˡ
飬ߵǸֿҲֻ߲ҪɣȻǾˡ
Ǹ򴫹ġ
촫ķɫǲ԰˼֡
ǳҩڵأ


38 Ǳ
𣡡
໣
¡¡
ХǧƬһֱڻζţභֱƬ췭ظƾϯ
ѵҩ
ĻҲһ
Ӧòˣҩ֮Ѿ죬ҩ϶ӳӦþЩҩ㣬ħ޵ע⡣
üͷĴسˡ֣˫ȫǻҡ
ߵôܶĹͷ鼶ħأ
ҩڴս֮бǾˣ
Сһˢ
УҪȥֹǣ
ֱվҪȥ
ˣ
һҧҲȥ
ҩǧزһ죬Ѿǰô˵ҲҪƴһƴ
ȥǣ
ס磬֮ϻضڣҪȥô
ô죿ҲĿǽҩˣ
ŮۿҲЩ죬ȴҲǾǿ
ͼҿ
֡
ʱŮҲûԥֱóƤݸ˷ơ
ϸۿһ򣬷ƴ˽⵽˳ҩڵأ죬ƺͣλûжƫơ

˼һһһ뷨ð˳Ⱦͳ⡣
Ҳȥ
¡¡¡
ǰѾǷ糾죬ʯľмɽ쮷ϯЩ˺ܴĲ㡣
ΪභΧǧ֮ڵЩħʵһ·ܿ棬һ䣬ųҩڱȥ
񻢵ҲɵǱܿҩڵأȻҩ٣ôҲûá
һ·ϣҲǿߵİˣǼ׸ߵȻÿһײһ𣬶ǻᷢ죬ܱߵһиǻᱻȫݻ٣䣬֪ж޹ħڷ֮С
ڶ𾢵ʱȴֻ֪СѾǵʤʵˡ
Ϊûħ޵˵нٶȼ죬һ·϶óȫӣʮʱ֮󣬱ѾƤϱעĵڡ
ǽ뵽һ嵭ҩõ˵ĽŲҲ
ǳҩҩ㣬гҩ
΢壬۾Щ
Ŷ
ҲǾЩӿˡ
˵еҩ֮ʣмܼһҪҩҪ֣ƽϢеļ
ľҪΧģ£ҲЩһЩʯĺۼȥһԲεĻͷͳڷǰ
ѵǻɽ
ҲЩˡ
Ҫڼ֮أɽȻһù鴦
ǣɽȴ̫һ˿ЩȣΧûжɽϣҲѾдУɨһΧĻƾ֪ɽܾû緢ˣһɽ
ǻɽѹҩҩ߳
ƾǻɽ֮أǲҩġ
һ·ѸٵĿɽΧǵ׿භıˡ
ɽΧҲ޼Ӧ֮һ֮̾Բûбħ޵ҿΪҩҩ㣬һԣⷬ
ɽ֮ڣ
ʱҲԵЩ˷ܣ˿ٵȥһʮ֮Ļɽھͳǰ
·ҲľһɨƱǷкüʮҩĴڣһϡҩ
·һҶǳһŨŨҩ˱Ƕõ˻һᣬƣһɨա
ߣ
߻ڴ򶷣ĵȥҶǰ˳ֽʮҩժȡӽָڡ
Ȼϡľ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
Ҷ٣̦ųǰ棬ƽʱ׼ҩߵĺϸϸ죬ʱ׼֣Ϊ˭Ҳܿ϶ûħ޵Ĵˡ
ҩŨŨһЩ֮࣡ûǿϢڣҲûʾƵ𽥵ķ
Խǽ뵽棬Ϊ㣬ǣ¶ȴֱˣǳˣ˵ҲǱͨ죬Ϊ̫ǹŮ㣬Ҳŵõʱɫֺ˼֡
ôˣ
Ǹо˷Ƶ쳣عͷɻĿ
ûûʲô
ҡͷ۾Ҳҿ±ʲô
ȻɣҲûжʲôСĵǰţϣɫ׵˸˸ˡ

˿ѹѹеļ¶Ƹȥ
֪ԼǰŮԲһˣоֹ棬ܿĲ֮
رģһ׵ԣʵԣԽڻ£
ԼֻеһͰˣ


39 
ǿǰŮԭģһСڷԺ
ȹӰ

ƺЦˮһ㣬ǣҲڲһȡ
һӹţô
⣡
ߣҪߵľ򣡡
һ䳰ȷͬħԣõķ˲˹
ʵǿΪ𣡡
˽ȭͷƵĿüļ㡣
ҵҪ˭ߣ
һ뵽糾ѪĻ棬ƵģһֱǾŵġ
ʹⲻϵʹ࣬ǾϵģҲʹ࣬õķѡһ֮·
ͷһȴõķƵ
Խǵ棬̦Ҳûټȡ֮һЩ췢ȵұڡ
ͣ
뵽һƬ𺣾ͳǰ棬һڵҽЩϣʱðݣЩһȦһȦۿɼ
ڣҲЩҽյͨ졣
ҩ
ǻм䣬һͬĳҩʹ𺣣Ӱ첻෴õΪޡ
Ƭ꣬ÿһζŨŨĻԪǻ滨λãһֳģʮͨӣͬһ׺֮ϡ
ũҩ֮صһģһҩ
˷ܹ󣬿ǰĳʱסˡ
Ҫôժȡ
ҲǽСԵЩ͡
ҩڻм䣬⴦Ŷʮ׵ľ룬ɱǣǻ𺣵м䴦ûκοŵĵط
ǰһ𺣣ƵüͷҲ
һ⣬ֱסȻԾжʮײ⣬ȴûط
»𺣣³֪ʬ޴棡
ɨһʰһʯͷӽ˻֮ڡ
ͨ
ֻð˸ݣʯͷ㱻ɣҲû
ⲻֱͨ˵ɣ
ⷬһԭҪʯĿҲûˡ
һ޵׶
Ż𺣣˿ųҩֻܷ
û취ô
ͷȥ
Ϊҵһ·ϣԾ˿ͷĿֻһ֮ңˣһȴȥˡ
û취
ҡͷЦ
γժȡһԺͲ֪Ҫ²ĵˡ
ô
Ůֱڵϣ˫ȫǰ֮ɫеĳҲһԡ
ˣ
˳һľױ쳤ô
Ӧÿԡ
̧ͷЩɻĿ
㽫ױʩչ
Ҳûа취İ취ˣҲĿǰΨһİ취
ƺҲЩʲôǴ˳֣óһ侧С
ȻᣬͿķӦٶˣ
ƽһ̡
ģ
ͷȫġ
׾
䣬ɫֱӲǰĳ̶ȣ֮ǰڡ
ױޣ
ӳһɫױԽŷֱ˦ȥԪĲ䣬ױһֱӳţֱ˳ҩλòֹͣ졣
㣬Ҽֲ˶ã
ĳ˵ҲǾ޴ĸһ£ԭͨСֱˢ

˿ûԥͬʱ߶ڵľõԪҩ֮ϵҩҲţҩԲȫųųҩڿԾȥ
ƽӽҩһɼȵȾʹ˹ֱӽУȴѾӽ˻𺣡

ױ޼ʱ˦Ȧסһ˻
ڵϣƵڶɪţҲʱóһװ˳ҩս˽ָ
ҩǼ֮ȥժȻûȡãƵҲǱ̵ƤãѪ
ҩʦȻеˡ
û°ɣ
û£ߣ
Ҳ˲ˣٴɨһ⴦Ҷ˴ҴҵĳŶⱼȥ
ժȡ˳ҩһûҩ㴫׿񻢿϶쵽Ǹʱ߷أǲҲѷɡ
𣡣
໣
¡¡
߽鼶ħޣսһʱ䣬Ҳûֳܷʤɽȴǻ֮Ա
ৣৣ
Ӱӻɽڴӷɳֱ֮ڣת۾Ͳټ
ǰ죬׿񻢱ͣתӣټıǿ׺ݺݵĺ˼Ρ
𣡣
ŭѪп˲ĵֱӳŻɽڴȥһ·ľԾȼ
ʱĺٴκ쵴ɽŭܵĸ죬ͷҲһء
ƻҪлĺûĺ˾ԲôɵΧܶûܵκ


40 ع
𣡣
໣
ŭ쵴ɽΧ޽Ծڵز
ǰߵĺ
һŭѣ
ҩ͵۾ˣٴ˴һ飬ֱ췭ظҲ֪ܵΪʱѾصΧش

Ѿ޺ˣ˻²ǴŴǣü֮ȴȫϲ֮ɫ
ˣ
ڻڶʳССߣ鼶ǿҲû취顣
ˣ
üչһÿĻ
֣óҩǳǰ
ҩ֮ɻ֮ҩԣһ֮ϣܷپ°ٶȻһҩҪǸǼѣҩ䣬ûҩģοҩеߣҩ
ҩ˱ǣóһСװͨĽӽӨӣݸ˷ơ
л
ôҩҲǼ
ҲǶæȻҩᱻͷħ޸ˡ
ǰ꣬ҲǺΪм
ˣһŸҿ
˵ţڴĿŷֺơ
ҩ֮ĳҩǾǴеҩȼҲǣ켶
켶ҩ䣬ֳ֮Ϊͨҩ䣬˵ÿ˶յģ½켶ҩĿҲġ
켶ҩʦѾվڴ½۷ҩʦˣǵҲǼߵģû˸ȥ켶ҩʦ
ң߼ҩʦɲֻܾ˶ѣ
ӵҩǣռ˼ƣԣһЩ߼ҩʦͬʱҲǿߣ۷Ĵڡ
ã
УҩӾǺɫһ㣬кɫƣֱӾ͹˷ҪõоũҩҲԼĿ
ûԥóһ̷ֱȥ
ͨӣһųȵĻ棬˳ź£ƵֱӱḶ́һθͱũҩȡ
ˡ
ũҩ䷢ҩȻȻľͷҩҳϣǸ棬˹һ㣬֣ǻƺҲڻҡҷš
ӵҩԱũҩ֮Ϻ󣬱Ѿ鵤֮ڣǣ˲ãһŻ⾹Ȼ鵤֮˳
ö鵤
һ㶣ΪΡ
ũҩ֮ϣһŨŨɼҩں϶ɵ鵤һöɳҩҩɵĻ𵤣һǵ鵤ȻͱһߣڻҲôԵҲǸ鵤һϯ֮λ
ںˣ
ŷϵĺ쳱ȥһ䡣
ȥҲ˽ô׵£һλδ켶ҩʦԼһֺܲ˼ĸо

ſڣ³һڰɫŻ۾
ȻΪλöҩϸϸĥһоΪҩҩ̫ˣǼҩͬ
ȥģ
չһЦʵ
ؼң
ɫһգʱЩһ˫Ҳâ˸
ĿǰʵܶģҲûжˣң֪˭ҪɱԼ
ؼң
ģʱһ㶡
һѵ˭г
켶ҩʦгˡ
ѾʼΪδ֪ļһĬˡ
أ
ŮµƵʵ
֪ΪΣһ뵽Ҫȥһ˵ĸоƺᡣ
ңȻҲҪؼҰ
һԼȻժȡ˳ҩһ˫ʱ¶ǳǳСѣɨһЩʧķƣ˷ܵĪȴԼҲ֪ΪΡ
ȥ֮ǰȥļ壬֪㻶ӭ
˵֮ǰָԼһɡ
ԣԼֻȥ켶ҩʦ׳һʲôļ壬ûĿġ
Ȼӭ
ҲûֱӴӦΪŮǰĻϲֻϲҲֱӱ¶ϡ
ΪżǲбҲûжֱӳΧȥ
һ·ϣӵ׵ԵĸڣΧشûмͷħ˵Ķ֣һȥͷħܵ˰ûߵģȫС
һЩûƷħޣƿҲǲֻʦģսָ
Ϊϣһʱ䣬˾ʹħɽ˳
ԶǣǸ̬ҲƽѾԤϵԼٴγڳڻĺ䶯
ô岻аɣ
ϵһ̲ס˳
š
˵ͷһ˿Цȥ


41 ʮ
ɫӽƻ裬ϼ죬ͬȾѪһ㣬ԵúΪޡ
ৣৣৣ
ӰסһŮǰ
ֻǴһͷ׳ֱӾеĳЯƣŷƵͷ¡
ͻϮƷӦҲܿ죬ճȭֱӭϵ档

ĳֱȭͷ֮ϣû׳еѪȻ棬ȭͷϣھһ㣬Ȼ𼸶
ৣ
һ壬ƾͳǰȭͷֱؿڣѵ漴׳˱׷˳ȥУʺѪ
˶ΪڴʱķǰûзȭҲûã˾ֱӱſڵء
ž
ţֱӶ׳ؿڣõٴһѪ
˵˭ģ
ɫҲǼΪһ˫۾Ķ
СүǺҵģɱңҺҾͻң
׳ǵ£вɫֱŷƣ۾ȫǶ񶾡
ң
Ƹ֪֮£׳ֱӳϣõúܲ˼顣
Ѿˣѹ£ãѣ
Ҳû룬ֱһŶȥٴ׳ֱ
ٸ˲һţƼҴҵľܽڣ˴üͷҲ
һС߾͸вδ켶ҩʦǾԽԽ˼ˣͬʱҲԷƵļŨȤ
뵽˳ڣƾ͸оһϢֵϣһЩνˣǰڳԵļơ
һƽֱӾͱˡ
һֱӳ˹ԶģҲעߵĶ̬˼ǷƣɫǱˡ
˳ֹĶ
үڻˣ
ͷһˣӣʮ꣬ǰֱӷȥ
Ƿҵܼңƽ
ŷãĿҲǷ⡣
ӹŵ꣬ǷΨһϣˣţǴȷˣ
ƽ𣡡
˫ֽƽλҲ𡣡
лү
һҶȫվ
үߣ
ƽǰ·һֱŷ縮ȥ
һĻУʱֵϵһʧࡣ
ߣ
Щ˵ĶȻУĿ𽥵ı䣬ǣüͷҲǴ
ֵĻĿǰҵʵԿ⣬ĵĵط
ƶ
縮ǰ糾ǼҴҵ˳ƣĿⶸȻһ
ף
ƿ߼糾ǰֱӹȥƶø׵ˡ

糾סƵ˫ۣ֮𣬡⡭
Ȼ糾ɫ䣬ֱӽĿס˷Ƶ
ô˸ף
ƲȻ
㡭޳Ԫˣ
糾һ𺳵ĿֱۣӶЩ
ʱ򣬷ҵλϣңʶ˳ķ糾⻰һȫĿⶼǿƣȴĻش
ţ
𺳵Ŀ£صĵ˵ͷ
˻
ˣôܣ
ţż찡ʱͽ弶ҲҪʱɣ
ĴһƬƤ꣬ǵĿⶼ翴Źһ㡣
ǻǸӹô
ĴϳĬˣң鶼Щ
ʮߣ
ģǶżҲҼǿ

ЦԷ糾Ŀзǡ
ããã
ǰĶӣ糾ĿҲЩۿ΢΢졣
ӣǾΣƵıһֱ˵ӹţ˱£
˵ϴεѪֻ÷ưӹŵͷΣôڣŵĹ⻷û˿ʵĿͷϡ
ҵȴǸΪɻˡ
ľôһС壿
ĲԸţǰһȴʵ
һǿ߲Ǵʦļ壬Ȼӵһλδ켶ҩʦҪȥǴ½ϵĸ˰
ôֺ£
켶ҩͨ飬ѰкʵʣԣһЩӵ켶ҩ䣬δ켶ҩʦ
ҩ׵ãһѰ
ҲһЩ켶ҩʦһ飬ҪԼ²ȥѰ
λǣ
һ糾ǿ˷硣
֪ΪΣܸоŮϲһĲĶڡ
Ŷħɽʶģ硣
ŷƵĽܣҲЦǰ

Ǻǣ񣡡
ŮôվţȻȻһ¶ǹʣõףŮ򵥣


42 糾
ƽʱ£ͽļ۷ߣΪ£縮һƬϲ졣
ʮߣ飬Ǿǰ϶¡
᰹ЩǼ壬Ҳӵһλ鼶ǿѣҲһôǽǷҶлǡ
ڴڣҲ˽⵽Լħɽ֮¡
ңң
Ƶȭͷקţһ˫۾ڼð
û뵽糾ΪԼһʱ嶯ʮӵܵŸеŷ棬Ȼҿ϶˶塣
ǣԼֽʵȴԶԶֵʦĵز
ŸУܱңȴҲֻǸӹ̶ѣŸܵ˵ҪģԤ˸ļУŸϻмĴ
ԣҪȥңܿŸ󣬻ÿԼ
һ˼룬ƵüͷĴȻŭȴЩ޿κΡ
ӦһʦֻԱҵĴս֮У𵽵òǺܴ
ҹ죬һվԺУϵ£üëûչ
ˣУԼ˻ĻԻҵĻɣʱǲǴĲ
ιʲô
鲽˹
ûʲôǺǡ
ƽǳתͷŮʱĿ΢΢ԵЩ͡
ŮһɫȹľվûǷݵҰԣԳ嵭ţ¹䣬õһˡ
һŮ绻һһ
˵ûʲô
Ĵ۾˷ۣСﶯˣҲóںܲˣ㻹˭
ǰҲˡ
̾һɫԵЩţƣ˵ǲǺûðԼļ壬ԼļҲˡ
ʮ꣡
ٷۡ
ּ壬ʮΪߣѾǺ˲ˣ˵ԵĿ๻࣡
ιô۸ҩʦļ壿
ʵЩ벻ͨ
ҩʦĵλģǶǼģϾ˭ܱ֤Լ޲أ
û֪ҩʦ

Ŀ
һǸͷβĹ츳ϻϡ
׼ô죿˼ҿǸ߹ʵ
Ҳ֪
ƿյҡҡͷ˫ֺݺݵץԼԴ
һ
һֻۣһͨĴʦӦĹǣˣӦô
Ӧһʦ
۾ܲ˼ĿǰŮ
űԼ°
һ
ŮؼԼġ
ʲôϡġ
Щмı˱С졣
ʦǿĿоֽһ㣬һͱơ

ֵˡ
ˣҪ뽫ⶫ㣬ˡ
֣ó龧Ө貵侧
顣
ֵݸơ
⡭
Ѿ˼ҩӣ˵ͳ˵Լķˡ
¾£һкҲġ
ֱӽ侧ڷУһƲģ
ˣͶлˣ
֣ƽ侧˽ָڡ
ãҲȷҲȱҪֽŪ侧ǿɲһ׵顣
⻹ࡣ
ü⣬ֱתȥһطϢȥˣѽû˯þ˯þˡ֪ΪΣǸ߸ߵԵúܸˡ
ŮȥıӰص˿תͷͿ糾鷿ƻţüͷһ˼Ų˹ȥ
ˣ

糾˳Žȥ
ŶǺƶ
糾̧ͷǷƣеô
ףΪͬǴʦô
¶ɣ޽Ѿ˰׷ĸףеζ˵
ĸףȴѾ׷
û
糾ͷЩĪĿ
һ侧ͻƴʦнô
ʳԼ⡣
侧
糾һͫһͻ
š
ͷȡһ侧
Ө貣ڵƹҫ£͸侧ԵøΪҫۡ

糾ĺֱӾͼ
侧ڷļ޷Ķڣȴͳǰ˲
侧ͻнף׾٣
Ŷ
Ŀһǰ侧ϡ
ƶⲻԣ㻹Լɡ
ŷ糾ΪģЦЦ֣һ侧ġ
ðɣһÿ֧ء
Ǻãȥ
ǵҵƣ糾Ҳٳɡ
ס
ô
糾תͷ
óƪ뱼ȭݵ糾ǰ
ǣ
糾ĿɿڴĿ
͵Ǹϴ¼Ĳɡ
֪糾Ȼû˵ϴΪԼʧ˷ʮӵܣĶʮֵΣĽᣬһҪȻӰ쵽糾֮ĳɾ͡


43 Ӧ
ٵûƪ뱼ȭ´λϣңʣ𺳵˵
ȭͲ˵ˣ߽似޳ȵؼ
似᰹Ҳǲడ
˵ƪֻǿһ飬ڼ˾Ͷе⣬Ƕ幦似弼ؼǸδš
˻Ƶһʲôʦ
ʷеĻƪֱǵһ
Ҳѹַ˷ٵĽԭһλ޷ĳĴڡ
ˣ
뵽ġ
Ǹó似˵ĺˣǣ᰹Ҳûǡ
ˣͰмƹܷˣȸǣ
糾żҪ侧˵׼ȥ
磡
վ
糾عͷ
磬ɡ
˵䣬Ŀдֿ
λҲͷȥȷû˱ȷ糾ʺϼǸλˣǰΪƣأ֪ƾԻǸһǰδеĸ߷塣
ˣĺܺãֻȱѡ
糾ЦЦֱ߳ȥ˳Ĭ

һͽħɽΧȻųˣڶ̶̵ļʱڣߣⱬըԵϢϯǡ
ϣкܶ˯ž
𸮣鷿ʱҲǵƻͨ
ģ
˷վĿֱǰ򵹵Ĳӡ
ǧȷҸͷ
ص
̶£ʹͽ弶ߣ
˷һ
츳õëеľ塣
飬Զ϶֮ĳɾҲ飬лԵϵǸҲпܵġ
ڣ
᰹ҲͰǼһȨԺգȻĴڣҲ֧
ô
뵽ԼһУǳһЩЦ
˳Ȼɡ

ŸС
ǷҵСӻˣ
ŷüͷһ
ûң˵Ѿˡ
ǰĻӵͷص
Ѿˣ
ŷһôܣǷСӼǰŲļ۷ͽѣʱ䣬ܳԪ
Ŀɿڴ
ȷϢѾȷ
˳Ŀ⣬ٴεͷ

ŷ˿ڳҼǵãСӲʮɣʮߣˣҲûм
Ҫˣһƾǰӹһɳ죡
ҩ׼˰ɣ
׼ˣ
Ǿ͵ðɡ
һ뵽ĪĺˣŷҲԵЩ

ڣһյ͵ưϺţӳĳӡ
磬мλǾһˡ
ӷƵϢȷ˾˳ĬȫǰһҪɥһ㡣
ǰܻţǾǴȷվһλֲǸˣʮа˾žǳŸеĺˡ
㵹ǳⰡ
缱ˣһˡ
֮һֱ䵱ңԣһʣ˵Ŀⶼǿź

̾һµѾûʲôð취ˡ
ǻۣ˵ҲЩСѣʵǰǾЦ
ô죿ܾܲɣ
۾һɣƢҲˡ
˸̫ˣȻ˴û֣ŷ̬ȣȴõ񷢺
ңһӹ꣬ʱ䣬ͽߣ룬Ǻ˵Ĺ͡
ʳǿ棬ӵǵңѾǾԲܵˡ
̾һ
ԼһȴͿһʱǸʱȻû뵽һȥ
죬ܿˣһ죬кܶڵ£ǣȴʲôҲûзڶ죬һǷƽ˾죬糣
ҵڸʲô
ȥԵü겻
飬Ҳתˣ
Ŀ
ת
ͣ½Ųֱ
㻹ûַҵ쳣ô
һۣĿһ˿ɲĲм֮⡣
쳣
һ㶣Ҳսʵô
ߣ
һкڣԸǣҪ׼ʲôô
Ŀâ˸
Ŷ
һᣬҲƺЩʲô˵׼
û
৵һվҹƵûңûʲôˣ
ûкˣ
ǰУûˡ
˶٣ֵǸôССͣҲµûǸ˽ͳħɽѾˣ
ˣ
˵˼ֿʼ


44 ұΧ
Ϊû˶ĸ߼ؼҲûȥŸȥҩҪ£Ȼϰȭڼ䣬Ҳǿ侧ܾȻһȴƼҲ㲻ϣǣΪ侧Ѿнס
ļѾˡ
ڵ죬糾Ҳˣ侧ҲԲĽ˴ʦнס
ø߼ؼ糾ֽףҵһǳźõķչš
죬ʵǰ𽥵ıȾ죬Ƭء
ৣৣৣ
ǵĽֵϣ縮ΧĴӰڴܶţպ֣һֱ硣
Ʒһܳס˹治ڡ
ϲЦտĳ

ƤЦⲻЦӦţ⣬Ͱϡ
ȻǺ˲ڣôǸҲӦҪ˰ɣ
һ뵽Ƶֿ͸оĲôҲҷɳȥһ죬جΡ
ԽԽã
ȻҲ̬ͬ
Ǿͽնְɣ

Ժڣվ˫ϢǰڷһСʯ顣

ȭͷıͨ죬Ԫŷ⡣
۱ȭڶ
һһӣܿ죬ϵƣѾ۷ĵز
Ҫʮ֮ĿǰƵʣҲֻǿĳ

ʮֱ֮Ӿȭͷǰʯϡ
飡
һ죬ʮ֮ȭӿʯķ飬Ĵ
似ͦ
ŰȺ˹޿佱˵
Ǻǡ
ƺЦһҲЩ⡣
ȭؼ似ȣȻǲɶõϡ似
治֪似Ǵĵġ
ֹһ䡣
ʱһӵȴǵײײܽԺֱŷ糾鷿˹ȥһᣬ糾Ҳһ鷿˳
ףôˣ
üͷһأйɲõԤС
ңѾˣ
˵꣬糾ֱ߳Ժȥ
ô
۾һУͷ¾Ϳˡ
ģֻҪվҵ󣬲Ҫ˵һͨĳ״ʦн׵ģҲܸ㶨
絹Ե
Ȼʵ
ţ
˲磬Ҳ˳ȥ

縮ſڣ磬Ұ˸ʦĳϣʦḶܹ́ܽʮˣվڷ縮ſڡ
ҵľӢӵܣжεĵ縮ҲΧ
ƣž˵Ҫȥˣ
ҲֻԶԶĿţΪ֮ȥ˷Ҳ˳üͷ˼أû˵ʲôҲûæ˼
޿֣ڣû˸Ҷҷֺ
ŸУŷҲյ鱨鷿صĶŽš
ϴΣѾΪ˵ˣκҼȫʵžһҪˣ棬Ҳδعˡ

̾һ̱λϡ
ѵѾô
Ѿȥˣûг֣õŷҲòˡ
Ҳǣǰôһֱͣĳء

֨£
縮Ĵű򿪣ҴͷĴϣ糾ʣ˳󣬼ٷҵľӢӵж
ңǺ⣿
һȵ
⣿
ȣϴңѵΪôˣ
ĿΪɭ綾һ㣬˭˭ܡ
˵ô𣿸ϣһ
ֱӺԼԾ𣬳ŷȥ
ߣ
糾һŶأ
ȭ
ȭͷԪ˸ŷŰϢֱͷ­
飡
ȭͷײһ𣬴촫쭷оϯһδѪ׷˳ȥصڵϡ
ʱֱӾס˽Ų
ֻһ棬ͰˣܵûһվʱɫѾ̬Ĳ԰ףֱ
㾹Ȼˣ
۾Բɣ˼Ŀŷ糾
˻
˵Ŀȫǿ糾һĴ𣬷֮ˣȫϲرǷλӶǼЩ
˭Ҳ֪糾Ȼˣһ
ȴǡ෴ЩӵǵĽŲˣŷ糾Ǵſ־Ŀ⡣
ʦףѾ۷ˣ糾ʵģѾԽ۷壬Ϊ˵һˣ
ģ
а
ϣ
µҲѾû·ΨƴһˣңǻӵкܴƵģ٣ʦǿϾǿڷ̫ࡣ
ʦ糾ϴεĵǣֱӭϡ
ʱҵӵҲҵӵɱһ𣬶ʱѪ׷ɣҽ

һɫױ޼˦һʦ߼ĳһͱ˦˳ȥһһģҲ


45 
Ǻ

̣
ǣ縮ſڣǧ˻սһѣЩˣһ߼Ԫ˸Ѫ𣬲֫ϱĴ䣬ֻһ棬Ǿмʮ˵ˡ
糾һֱȭҲѾʩչ綷һ飬˿·磬£ҡ

ɫĳޣƿ֮ϯ£߽Եɫı޼һ鶯ĶߣҲеĳޣͬոһոźЩӢӵܵ
һ浹״Զ˵ע⡣
һޢ껪ŮһΣͬӣֳһӨⳤױޣǳĽ⡣
ԣ
˵ͫ׶͵һ͹
Ǵ˵еԣ
˻
ĴһŮĿⶼǳ˾η𺳡
˭
ôһף˲ʣʱǵĿǿ˴Ůһꡣ
ò꣬ûлһɫĲ£վôĲۣǣȴ֪֡
ӹ꣬ƣ
ʲô
˺ɻΪηֻվǸŮ󣬶ȥɱС
ѵ
ôһͷһð˿Ŀ⣬Щġ
Ƿӵгߵ츳ɻǷ
ǲЦ
ЩĿ⣬ӶҲὫ֮ϡ
ЩĿѾϰˣңҲʲô
ôһɱվڷǱߣͼˡ
ЩҵľӢӵܣһӾ͵˼ʮǿ۵Ľ
ҰӶŵֵܣʱ֣ʱ
һ˿һξ룬ſڴȳԶ
˸е֮ʣһʮ˾Խͷ֣ǸɷڣеյĹâɭ
һһ֣·ϵ˱ÿһ
ҰӶŵˣ
жһ
ʮˣûһʦҲǴʦ
ã
˶ɫ䣬ң糾˶һҡ
ٺ١
ҵЦˣһޱȵĵ⣬ˣͬӼүүƨƨߵӭȥ
ˣҪ鷳Գˡ
վʮмǸɫ˹ĺ
ΪɽӵŴʦ߽׵ʵΪҰӶһųӵǧӶɲĴҲġ
˴ΣҲ֪ҵǻʲô۲Ž֮
š
ɽҲǰŲûͣ£ֱߵ縮ſڲͣ
ҾȻҰӶŸˣ
·ұ𣡡
ԶˣСţ˷һĻüͷҲ
һ˵ɲʲô¡
ɽĿɨȫֻڷ糾ϲͣ
һΪʵһȻɫ
ң
ֱӳʵ
ǵģˡ
ΪʦĺԾͷҲ̧
ߣ
ɽмһ׼˰ɣ
˷ģ׼ˡ
֤
ɽҲʣҶԼˣʲôУӣֱŷ糾ȥ
Բðɣȫʬ
۾΢΢ɭȻĿŷ糾ΪԴ
ɽĻõķ˵ɫǰ˼֡
ɱ֣ҲⲻˣǷҲûϵҾȻܽҰӶŵ
ѵҪҷң
һģҰӶŵʮˣټһңٺûһз֮
˵ܲһˣҰӶţǷȼǵô
ҷңҰӶŻ񣡡
һ˳ⰲĳϣôԶҲ

˿ǵ߳Ӱнһ
Ƿƣ
Ŷһߡ
֮ʱɽƤҲһ
ٵߣ

Ŀȫ䣬ɱڸǵ¶˳
Ȼ˷ңӵ츳꣬룬ǾԻҰӶ
ţɽҲûԥֱƣ̧ŨԪӿɽ֮ƣ˳ȥ

һɫױ޼˦ͬߣֱġ
˸׵ı޼⣬õɽͷƤ飬Ȼһ飬κ˿ȥվ𺳵ĿǸŮ
ԣ
ҰӶʮҲȫĿɿڴĿ硣
ȻҰǣ
˵ĺ嵭᰹ӵкպҰӶţƺòֵһᣬҪǲ÷һ㡣


46 ݼС
쵴ȫʱš
һŮֻվУһλߵɢʱסȫ
򵥣
ɽҲԴ
һʣλߵʣҪۻŻγɣװġ
λСγƺ
ɽͷˣĵףǰԼǲ
㣬Ҳ֪
΢΢̧ףǲмɨһۣû˿Ĳ

ʱɽǾͿٵĳ鶯˼Ρ
ΪҰӶŵų֮һӵǧӶ᰹ڣЩǵļҲǿͿģǴʱǰߵŮȴȫȻûнС
Լǰ֮ͥ£ʲ¡
ȻС㲻˵Ǿݹɽˣ
ɽһҧĿһĨ
˻ţ޷ǾΪһʱˣڽԡ
ųλã˶ŵģ
ϣһ
һӣҰӶһʮȫƻĳŷѳʣԪӿֺ顣
֮ȫɫҰףҲסˣû뵽ССҰӶžȻҶԼ֣âϮ˶ܡ
Сģ
һǰâϮıһɾ׷˳ȥΧ
һֻһ棬ұǵʮˡ
ȿȣ
ܴشƵ¾һѪɫѸٵıף㡭û°ɣ
û¡
ܽŵĿ
õ𸴣һ䣬ʶ˺ڰֱӻ˹ȥ
ιû°ɣιҰ
ɫ԰ֽķƣʱͻˣƺʧȥʲôҪĶһ㣬ۿʱͺˣˮܿƵӿ˳
ŬѾ޷
̧ͷȥҰӶŵʮͬͻȺĲɱŷӵܣ糾ҲɽƵĵ
ৣ
һʦӶͻ˷ߣһֳֵ統ͷ£ֺ顣
ҲףŮضƽ֮ˣҲĳĵӣ˴εΨг
ɵûƶŮɫʮɲ
ã
糾ѲȣѾ
ৣ
һӰͻأľͳǰһָ֣ͷס˸ֵȥӶŷŨԪ½Ҳû
һˣɫվ˫ĿϵĺɻĲƣصλãһɫı־
ֻ΢΢ӶеĸֵʹϿµأ΢΢ǰ죬ӡӵʦʵӶؿڣ㵵Ŀ⣬΢¡
أ
Ӷû˿ķǰֱӶѪӿ˱׳ʮ׿⣬ڵ֮ʱѾ
֮ʣһǿϢԶ뵽ֱŷ縮ж
һź۵ӰϸǺϵλãӡһɫı־
ǸĿбӣ棬εĺ
Ǿվȫ֮ڣû˻Ҷһӵдʦ۷ɽҲһҲҲ̫ء
Ϊ֣к˾Ȼûһ˵Ϣ֮£վǸӣֻǿһۣ;һ˲бˡ
ɲ⣡
ݼС㣡
ǰкֱȥ
ū٣Сܾˣ
ҲתӣΪ΢ֱŮ
һеķñ»еķƣվ
Сܾˣ
һкٴθߺ
ǵĳƺȫ˳
Ůݣ漫򵥣
ˣûбʾʲôĿɨȫַѾѪԵķϣǻŵüͷݺݵһ顣
ɱһ
ûи³
Ļͬǵ̣кһ϶Ǳŷ˵ƣ˵ȫˡ
ͬʹߣӶǺҵľӢӵܻҰӶŵһˣں£û˿ķʱϲҽĴ𣬲һᣬͻָ˰Զһصʬ
ЩֶһˮѪᣬǷ֮Ҳ޲
Զ˶ס˺û˸ҷ˿
˷΢΢Ķɪţк˸̫ˣʦ۷ɽȻûзֻһоͱȡһĻǡ
ղѶŷͬסܲ˼ĿǰһĻ֮䣬ЩϵǸɫı־ʱͫ͵һţͬһ㡣


47 ȥ
ɱˣЩ˵ɫδйı䣬ƺΪɱ˲Ŵڵһ㡣
ʹߣ
һеķԶ˾þòڵѪ飬ӡ֮ϣ
һУֻصǰһվûз˿죬һɫû˿ֻһ΢һ㡣
ʵһֱڰİΣȻʵ봦ľ飬԰ȫħɽ
С㡣
ǹӣһ
֪
ӦһתȥǹѪķƣֱһȻ֮ɫ
ʵҲԼ֪Щ˵ĴڣѣֽȻѾˣǾʹҪȥˡ
СģֻܴأԶѡ
һ۷ƣ
ô
ŵ΢΢£ǣüͷɽ꣬ҲΪ֮ҲЩ١
֪Ϊ׵ĸıԼָоǵһУǳĲϰߣǳܣ뵽ҪȥиǷǳĲᡣ
С㣬ҲѾˣҲûȥˣ峤˿Ѿ˺ܶˡ
ٴѵ
š
ӦһٴĿһӣһΣϵһɫʱתȥʱѾָ˱䣬ʲôҲûһ㡣
һɨȫԶû˸֮ӣȺôĸ߸ϡ
߰ɡ
ûлͷᲽֱųȥһк˶棬ٳ⡣
ͷһͷ߲ˡ
ƣΨһһǰ˵Լ̸ΪԼкӣ֪ԼһҲǸղһĻˡ
ǣϵĲ֪࣬岻Լһ𣬳Ƿպվ۷֮ϣһЩܡ

Ŀ⸴ӵɨһ۷ƣͷһԵķ糾ħɽڵһУûҼСɣִǷԼûһ˿ôΪ֮ɡ
˵꣬һʧȵٶȣõһ
Ҫô
糾Цһǰֽɫӣͽüͷص̾˿
ƵĸҲ˽ⲻˣڷΪ絲Ǹܿó롣
ǣкӸ糾𺳸
Ȼϵ϶ҲûϵĿɲ
Ǽ廤ǴʦӸɲ⣬룬϶Ǽ򵥣˼Ҷ׵ĨеĲͬԨ
ɵСӡ
糾ٴص̾Ϣһҡҡͷƣ߽縮֮ڡ
λϣҵնݳ
´һϵеҵľӢӵǶʱͶֳλʦĳϴ죬ȥʱʹһҽ֮
磬ҳϣپӢӵܣȫں£֮УѾûֵܵҵĻ֮
ұ׵Ĳֻʣ·磬ң

ҹͬΧң³õ겻ѣгֵҰӶŵӶȻǾȣǺֵĺڣ𺳵ǣ˶
ǣβ²⣬Ҳ벻ļӵ˵ʵ
ʦֻǻ붼ͷƤ飬֮
ҰӶŻʲôӦʱ򣬼󣬴᰹һըԵϢõ᰹˼
ҰӶţˣȫǧˣһʣǧѪܵͷ­ȫİҰӶܲԺڣųҲû⡣
ûһ˿죬ûкɱûвҽ᰹Ӷ֮һҰӶţôϢı˽ˣĺۼҲûУһֱֵű˷֡
û֪ʲôΪʲôҪôʱ¼õӶҲΣΪ˴£ǵ͵ǵ֮ˡ
Ϣ֮󣬷²˿εı䶯еز̣ȫУһҶѾͣҲûٸҲңһֱֳĬûٳ֮ˣ¸ǵ͵һЩСȫŷҿ£Ϊ
¼֮ǰ˭ҲûԤϵģεĽѣԡһɳ


48 Ȼ
ϣɫֽ۾ü仹ǽţϣʱˮƺһ㡣

ڴ齱ϣ꣬̾һ˫ҲЩףеˮʪɣȻСΪĨŶϵĺˮ
̫ˣƶֻǻ˶ѣȻͻˡ
糾վһԣİοš
ǡ
ĨĨǽü⣬صۿٴκˮӯôҲֹס

뵽뿪糾Ҳ̾һ
ҹĻ٣Բ£ãƬ˺ڰ֮С
ڣöӵĽָɢӨӨ֮⣬ȫڣӨڣ޸ŴڴֱЩӨ˻ؽָ䣬û˿ۼ
糿أ糾Ҳһˣֱ磬յա
ţ
ϣƵӶһ£Ż۾
˻
һѹʹһʹ۵һֱ
ûԥֱũҩ֮ϵö鵤ҩɢõĺϵĴʹʱ࣬ʱһоͻָ

ſڣ³һڳʱˬࡣ
ʱһμͽӿԺ
ã
һԾ´齣⣬Ժڵһ˿ûиı䣬΢΢üһأɻ
ǰķչƣҲܻá
֮󵽵׳ʲô£
˼ӳŷ糾鷿ȥȴڵ顣
УܾӦйϵΪصѾûֹҰӶŵȺˡ
ƶˣ
ǰķ糾߹ֱӷеվЩϲĿ
ƣԷܵˣҲҪʮѹ룬Ź죬ƾѾҸж磬õЩ˼顣
ţƶø׵ˡ
Ƶͷ΢΢
վţ
糾ΪӲš
ףѾȬˡ
ԭֽţһȫŷһ죬ʾ⣬ԼѾûˡ
⡭ôܣ
糾ĿɿڴĿǰĶӣſͼܷһ
糿ż˷˿ڵǻѪܵһƬļҲûУôڼʱ֮ھͻָأ
˹ȥ˷Ƶ
ﻹдڣֱĲˣ˰Ҳû£Ϊ糾Ϊûܴˡ
㡭㡭⡭⡭
ǰһУõķ糾𺳵仰Ҳ˵ˡ
ãƽĿվǰ꣬ڣ㾿ôģ
飬ʵ̫˼ˣĵףиͷѿ
һҩʦ
̹ˣҲΨнͣңҩʦݣ繫ϾЩʱչһӵҩʦļ壬ҰӶŽҲῼ
ȻˣҪرӶֵѪĻƣǲܵҩʦ
Ȼ
糾һҲǼЩſڳЦãð
ǰĶӣЩʡ
ӵ˵츳ҩʦѾԤδĳɾˣӹţֱЦ
ʱȫ֮ǰƵ˵ˣһ޵׶ȷ˴ˡ
һҩʦʲôķҼҲˣңҪˣ
ӷϣ˷δϣ
żĸףҲǶ顣
磬ǿΪУΪģΪԼļ壬Լˣվֱ˵
ס
ɣ
ǵģ糾üͷ
ռңȻû˵壬ǴкڵʵܿĳռңضǼ򵥡
ܺã
糾̾һ

Ƴ˿ŵĲǷˣأ
֪ΪΣʱ򣬷һּĳ嶯ѿ˳
ˡ
˵糾߳ȥŷƣԼеȻ
ˣ
һӿһɲõԤС
ƶɡ
תͷ糾Щ۵ĿһľȻķƣȰ

Ļֱһģǰקס糾ֱۣף֮󵽵׷ʲô£Ϊξôˣ

£ǵ˶֪ˣ糾̾һûľ˵һһʮȫ˵˳


49 ȱǮ
Ƶײײ߳˷糾鷿ĲǶõķЩʧ䣬ƺʲôһ㣬ָо֡
һ·ϣ糾˵ĻԺصš
͵ûз
ŷ糾ݵ飬֮ҰӶȫĸ𣬷ƾ֪֮飬϶Ǹ
ʵҲ糾һף
ڣ᰹Ҳһ֮ڵӾȻƺΪС㣬룬ռҵʵжôĿɲ
˵ףʵ̫ô
սȭͷҧ´ƾȵζڿǻڻصţɢͫ⣬𽥵
ǿΪֻǿ߲ܵ硣

Ԫӿһһ˫ȭ֮ϣ޷ԶƮȻ

ź˫ȭݺݵڵ֮ϡ
أأأ
ȭͷһǰһ䣬ûͣϣȭͷȥѿҳһӣֱǰ֮ڣƲ̱ͣþû
ԭԽΪϲԼ̫ˡ
磬һŮҲűԼϼ¶ѣǴʦҲ࿹Լأ
Ǻǣ
Գվ
֮󣬲ԼģҲ᰹ӵоȨ߳ȥҲǵ׵Ĵڡ
пܣǸӵݾܿó
ʵ
ƵĿüᶨ
ҪӵжʵһؾؾƷףƴʱȴ߱
ƷܾǿԪĻӻʱɣܱܳҲΪԪʩչ
Ԫ٣˾Եá
侧ʱȴҲû߱Ǹʵ
Ҫ뿪ˡ
Ѿħɽĺô֪صҪԣȻ뵽ħĺôи⶯
ȥΪƷʱп񻯣ʵֻᷭϼ
뵽ƷĪЩȡ
ƷϣҲ˵޻ǿԴ󻡶ȵ
ʦӵгƷ񻯵Ǹʱ򣬾ԴʦԱ϶ûˡ
ţ˻ȥ
ƶ
Ʒأ糾Щǡ
׷ģǼ飬зִ硣
Ҳڣ㣬ƻ֪֮ġ
˵Ҳҵĵռңҵˣһߣ˼Ҹǣӵ˾ԵʵȥѰҡ
Ǿͺá
ģ糾ŷ
ףȥ
ֱ˵Լ⡣
ȥ
·糾üͷһء
׷ģԱһеġ
ȭͷӳɵԪ籡
ߺף
糾˳
СӼǰһ侧ŽнףһΣôܾͽأٶȣֱˣ
ǽˣ
һó񻯾ݵ糾ǰ
񻯾
糾ȻҲ֪ΪǷ˿
ƪһ仰һţӱǲ
ҵľǼƷһס
ƿڽ͵
ѹ֣
糾ŻȻһ֮ϵļأƷǿһƾȻʹﵽˡ
ף۾պܴ񻯾ƹܾɡ
ޱ˵ţ۹֪ճ̶ȣ֮ǰûó·糾ðʧ۾ڣѾȥˣȫ׼۾ѾǴʦķ糾̫¡
ģ
糾Ҳϲɫ񻯾ҵʵҪϼֿڵȻѾҪҲǿ㣬ǣԼСģɽڲûգʵȻҪмǲðʧ֮
֪Լӵľǿ̶ȣǾ֣ǣڼ⣬Ǿ¡
׷ġ
Ѿħɽ˼£Ȼеĵ
ˣûȥһ˳ǰɣҩʦᣬΪҩʦôûҩʦأңҩʦݣҲ᷽ࡣ
糾ֽһ䡣
ҩʦ᣿
ˡ
ҩʦᣬɲ˵᰹Ϊ½ҩʦһᣬְΪҩʦڵġ
š
ҲӦ
ȷҩʦϣȻͲô಻۵Լ鷳ˡ
⣬ǮС
˵ţ糾˳óһöָڣĵһѽ˵Ҳö
ЩңƲԼдҩŸûȡ
ǿɶũҩ֮صҩҩز١
ǣ糾óöȻ𲻵ʲôá
ôŪǮأ
ģϾˡ


50 
ҩʦ½Ϊ߹ְҵҲְҵ
ͨҩʦҲΪҩʦֻܵһЩΪ򵥵ҩӵҩҩʦǾʹͬˡ
ҩʦĵȽףͬΪƣأ죬һ˵ƼҩʦֻһЩⷽĴˣҲ˵Ƽҩʦֻӵ鵤ǾֻܵĴˣֻʵ֮󣬲ʦĴˡ
ԴƣҩʦƤǴˣؼҩʦĴˣ켶ҩʦѪͨϸǲڻ£֮ϣѾûжٴ켶ҩʦεˡ
ңҩʦܽⶾ䶾ӵжʦְҵûҩʦһж֮ǾֻԴС
ΪͬʱҲҩʦǸ߹ЩεݣرǸ߽ҩʦ˸ǣ˵ʵΣԽǸ߽׵ҩʦǷĸЩվ۷ԣÿһ߽ҩʦǶһѵĴڣһͱǾԻһ䡣

Ϊһҩʦ߼ҩʦȱǮˡ
Сӣȱۻôģ
һֱӾ͸˷һİۣƾڵ鵤Ҳ߽ҩʦ˰ɣҩʦ㾹ȻҲò
ֱһٺǳ⡣
Ѿļֱҩʦĳ裡
Ȼ˵ҩʦĿǷǳĿֲǣÿһҩʦǶһҪԣҩʦͲȱǮôƵ顣
Ѿģӵũҩ䣬ȻԼҪǮʵڱùǺġ
ΪؼǴײôҸ㣬ûˣ
˵ֱ꣬ɢΪǹɢ١

ͷβûܲһ仰ɫЩڨڨ
ͲôɣС
Сֹһ䡣
ֹˣҩǮȴû䣬ʵ÷Щա
ˣƾ˵ǸݣҲŷҲǷһ飬Ƿ飬ȥҲЩ
òѾǷһˣ˼֪Уƾ߳˷縮
ǰϤĽֵ˿Ÿȥ
ΣЩҩҪõ飬ʱ򻹾ˡ
ڣǿ˵ǷҶ󣬾ҵķͷǱԷڽͷ·˶ͶĿ⡣
˵ǰΪӹŵ꣬ı˷ңҲıǵľƣ츳ת֮죬õ಻ѣҲΪ츳ŵºһϵ¼ķ
ʮߣѾ֤һС
ŸУʱ̶дСעĽ㣬ΪʱĶܸıһδˣԣһֱ˾ۼƽ֮𽥵
ڷ̨ķԱһƽվ
ڣƿǵķ˵˲֪˲ΪŸеķԱȻʶҵү
ү
ķԱŷӯӯһЦӣСл³
ţŷ£֪ɲУ
ƻһЦҲǿʵ

ķԱܷϸüһأЩԥˡ
Ȼ˵Ѿʵĵһ壬ǣⲢŸоҪ߿һۡ
ͨһɣ˵Ǵʦҩġ
̨˵
ʦ𣿡
Աһ㶣ͫ͵һţ
ǣڶྪĿ֮£ƱŸңԱ̬ȵת䣬õ˼
үԵȡ
˵꣬ķԱҡҷϵ¥ȥŷȥˡ
ԱһᣬŷǷеҴҵµ¥
ѽү
µ¥ŷǼΪĽеʧԶӭˡ
ʦȡҩΨһȡҩģǾֻǸصĺҩʦһ뵽ǰǸɲĺ˵ͽܣŷϵŨ˼֡
δҩʦ츳Ժ󶨻Ϊ
ŷ̬ȣϵˣʶҲûжľȡ
ŷ¿ˡ
ҲվһЦĿ
˵үʦȡҩģ
Ȼȷŷһ䡣
ţʦǰ˵
ǣƽЩҩƱһ顣
ûȷд£ʦȷҰæռЩҩ֪ү׼ʱȡߣ
ŷһҲٴο˼֡
ȿȡ
ɫЩڨڨġ
Ŷ
ŷ΢΢һ㶣ĿС£Щҩ͵ŸУүļɡ
һδҩʦǾֵͶʵģʮҵҩŸ˵Ǻܴ֡


51 ţ
ҩѾ֣ƱǿʼˣħɽȥһҪϺܳһʱ䣬糾˵Ҳرħɽ֮ڣıƺ֮˿ǲ٣ǣԴҩʦǲˣʮ֮ͽԴҩʦǾҲǱ̬ȡ
Ǿȥһ˳ǰɡ
⣬Ʊ£һҹʷҲ۾
ǳϰߣÿʱ򣬷ƾͻȻ
´齣ŴţһǴ
ǷСڳϴε¼ͬʱҲʧأӢӵʧ룬ǼСе⣬ӵƴ
⣬һЩ츳˵СǱѡֱϰƪΪӾӢ
Ȼⲻ˵ҲȫԱϰǸ˵ĳ
ϰƪʱʹɲ˭˶ܵģʱЩСǲף쾿ڳܶʹࡣ

һڵƻ˻ͷип
Լѡ֮·ҲԼЩСһɣ֮󣬲ܳΪߵԼԶֻƽӹȥĬĬŵĹһ
ͷ룬ʱԼ˼ǶôĿЦ
п䣬ûʵǾûһУҲûУţʲôأ
һվ۷壡
ʻգĿޱȵļᶨһɺܱߵĳ𳤷Ʈ̬¶
ʱѾȫʵҪԣʵܻȥʵӵ˵ϣ

ߵĳϣһӰԶǸ·ķơ
ȥǣڼ֮ңһʱߵġ
ֽѾ뿪ˣһ·϶һɽ߾ôϯضЪ
ʱڼһСӰ±Ǽӿ˽ŲҲһμгĴڡ
СΪţ򡯣һ뵽ڣΪˡ
С򣬵˿ǣֻһɨۣƹһ£ֵԵ̶Ǿмʮ
ôô̶Ӿۼ
˴üͷһҿջſڣʱ˳
Աˣ
壬ҿջô˵
ѵҪ¶ô
ƲЦ΢΢ӣһζڡ
Ϊ·һ·ϷҲûУǾԵģϵζԼҲܲˡ
ﵽô£
Щͣڿջܱߵ̶ʡ
̫ˣ벻ͨΪλ˶̶ͣڴˣĿǰЩ˺ѾϰΪˡ
ѵ
뵽һܣƱǶ˽ŲĴɨһȦǿĻĹȡ
벻Ѿˡٵˡ
ٵ򡯣ڳǷΧҲǺҲǶһʮȥǵıؾ֮·䣬Ҳǧ·;ңԶľ룬ǻǰлĻǾ͵Ҫ嵽ʱ䡣
⡮ٵ֮ԶҪľΪǿ࣬ǧ֮ġٵڣϰٸǿŻ̶ӣֻҪǻǺǿ߹ĻֱӻᱻЩǿŻ⣬ĸҵĽ֡
Ȼɱȡѵ飬ЩǿҲǲģԣһҲǿɱˡ
Ϣһ졣
̾һ
ҲûԴΪԼܵһ˾Զġٵ򡯣Ҫ밲ȫľǾֻɶ飬߸Щ̶һͬǰУȻߵİȫϵҲ࣬ϾΪ̶ӣǳҲЩǿŻ򽻵ġ
㳯Ӷ˹ȥ
ţĵطҲǷһż˽
棬ŵȫ̬ӶʵҲֻͬɨһۣƱǼкüʦӶмʮʦӶһЩ̶ӵͷͷҲżǮ
ɨһȦҲûӵ˴ڣƲЩʧ
Լһߣǲ̶ܱƸ룬ţ㳯ȥ취
λ
һ쳹ȥǼһʦĺںӶ˽
һƷӶŸղŽӵһڶԷ̶ӣǵֲ㣬ɰʱԱֵܿɣһǧҵı꣡
Ļ䣬һЩ֮
ǧöңЩӶ˵ɲǸСĿˣңƷӶŵųǴʦǿߣȫϵҲǺܸߣȥֻ߹̾õǮ£кܶ⶯


52 ƷӶ
ƷӶŵѡͷڽֵϣֻ΢֤ʵһʵֻҪߣᱻ¼ã˵ˣƷӶžʱЩ˳ųӶѣԽ࣬ǿŻŲȻ֡
һӶһϲ̵վںںһ
ҲȺ˳
ǸᣬǮƵأҪܰȫĹ⡮ٵ򡯡
ৣ
һӰɶˤʮ׿⣬ҲһѪ
߳Ҳѵ㲻µʱ϶ô
˵ǻƷӶһѡԱĶˣԱʵҪȻҲˣǵ֮˻˵ЩʲôȴһۣĻη壬Ҳ˵ʲôοȺĵȥ
˭
ʵиߵͣҪҪؾ似ǸƷӶŵٲȻ߸߽׵ʵǶֵļƣһ似Ҳǲ͡
һȦƱ˳ȥ
ԣ
ʮ꣬ϵĳûȫȥȥҲֽ׳ˣ෴ЩţӶ֮Уһ֮£ƱԵúΪˡ
㣿
΢΢һ㶣ڴЦСޣ㵱ǹҼô
ٺ٣

ԱߵӶǷһЩЦ֮ϷʵĿ
Сޣ㻹ǱˣؼҺȥɣ
ٴηЦ
ǣ
ǣ۾΢΢𣬡ûԹô֪Ҳأ
Ŷô˵СԼʵĵ
Ӿ˵ЦɲɫôŰɣܽУҾˣΣ
Ϊ߸߽ףӵлƼ似˵ֶԸһ꣬Ҳʵ£ʶ˵֮Լ
ʮֺη
һüͷЩơ
ǣ
Цһգۿơ
ֻǰȻԼ߸߽׵ǿߣȻ治ɫ˿ţ෴һš
Ҿһԣ
۾һģȭһ㣬ȭͷԪӿƿ˿΢ƿŷƵؿ˹
ȭͷûжƺɵһ㣬վҲδһ£˽ҡͷ
ֱȭͷţƲŲȭͷ
ৣ
ѣһ죬磬ʮľ˲䱬
飡
ȭͷصײһһɲСľӿĵϵĳ
ŵŵţ
һӰ˳ʮΣȻǸƷӶ߸߽׵ӡ
վɫѸٱ죬ת

Ľõһأȫǲ˼Ŀŷơ
ôһ꣬Ȼһλϵ߸߽Ӷֵ˵ˣʵΪ
Ŷ
ƷӶŵĺںųçۿһеķʱҲ۾һȻҲƵʵˡ
λСֵܣϸˡ
çŴ˹ҲǺΪ͡
лų
Ʊ˱ȭǳźϸǶȥ
Ӳ򵥣
ŷƵıӰç΢
ͣΪ²ԣʵС
ؽȻжûã˾ˣһаŻçһҿջһҹڶ죬ǳЩеʱӶٶ˱վֵ
ϣڻçһ£ٺ˺ƺƵ߳⣬վУӣȴ̶ӵ
ʱʹڻ˳һް׷ߴмһ˳

çЦһӭȥ
쳹ܼңôˡ
ŻεߣçԵúΪһ֪ߵݺܲһ㡣
ų
Ҳǳ΢΢ȭ˴Σͻųˡ
쳹ܼﻰⱾһĳ֮£ܼҾܷģΪ˰ȫص˰ˣЩǿҲǵ·
çźӣű֤š
ãֻҪȫ˳ǣȻؽ͡
߸˸룬ɨһȦɫȴԵЩǡ
л쳹ܼң
çɫһϲ
ˣ
˵֮꣬߱ڡ
һӣ·ӣӣס
ڻçĴĴǷɢ̶ӻм䣬ٺ˺ƺƵĳŻĹŻȥ
˴֮Уûô򵥡
ĿǸ쳹ܼϵĵ֮ɫü΢΢𣬲ЩɵĿӡ
̶ֻͨô
̶ӱϿȥ̶ûǣǾовԾĵطﲻԾҲ˵
Ըɡ
ɨһܷĻçƲɫĸнš


53 ƶ
Ĺ֮У紵ɳõ˵۾Ҳٺ˾ͶĻɳǰš
мǸӣƿһ龫ֵСԴð˳һͷڵ㷢ֱ£Բεϣһ˫Ĵ۾תɨΧоǺɫ
С㣬߷ɳ󡣡
çΪ쳹ܼҵߣʱһĶԴ壬ҵСŮ
Ŷ
СŮӦһǹԹԵͷ˻ȥ
үүǲҪ˰
СŮдᣬǺ
԰⡮ٵ򡯣С͵ˡ
߳˳ǣ¶һЩЦ⣬ǣЦ֮УȴǺһЩɼĵ֮ɫ
Ը²źð
ĵ̾һĿһ˿ᶨȻ
ΪɳԽԽһ죬Ҳнҡ
Ҳû취飬Уٶȣһ̶ӵнٶȣǾţһ㡣
ҹ䣬Ҳһᣬ硣
һط𣬷Ʊóһħڻ֨֨Ŀ
ռָǾǸöħָںڵܾͲõķֱ̾ǰ̫˷ˡ
˭
һожֱѸٵתſںʡ
ǸǸ
һµСŮһ黨ߵĹȹ˼Сʹһ㣬ǣʱԵЩ̻̣һ˫ˮĴ۾ŷƺţԵüΪɰ

ôһСŮƻ˿ɫһգǹһЩЦ⣬ôˣСãӶˣ
һͷʦħ⣬׼רŵϣζȻҪѰӶտĸŨһЩ
š
СŮӨ͸СָԼСӣĿֱſѾƵ飬˱촽ɰſˮ
ɡ
΢Цų֣СŮԥǼûʲô⣬Ż˹
԰ɡ
˺һСƬ飬ãƱݵСŮУС̡
ţлл硣
СŮɵ˵ţҲΪ̫ˣԱССڵĳ
ǣ
˻ͷ˺һǺҵһҽ
֮󣬷ٴ˺СŮ飬ЩԲĵСӣ۾
Ҫô
ָָϵһС飬ʵ
ƶԱˣлл硣
СŮСӣһ˫Ĵ۾ǰᡣ
Ǻǡ
óһɾݹɣŪֻСèˡ
š
СŮɵӦš
ƶƶ
һĴ΢΢Ĳõ֪֮˴ʱΪ̡
ƶ
һü⣬СŮѵǽ
ղţСŮ˵ԼΪƶңģо٣ǾԲʲôӶŮ
үү
СŮ΢΢һ㶣ǳǸлһүү⡣
ʱһӰ
ٲȻǸçΪ쳹ܼҵߣʱҲһżһ⣬¼һСŮû˲ź˿
ƶС㣬ôˣ
ƶˣ͵ˡ
СŮָָơ
ʱ߲ŷ˷ƵĴڡ
Ѿе鲫߹Ҳûк
һٵߵ۾ҲһתСŮһĿŷƣʵ˭
үү粻ǻˣƶԿˡ
СŮ˳ߵ½ǣСȰοţɲɫ෴˫֮Ѿһ˸˸Ԫ
ʦ
쳹ܼҵ߾Ȼһλʦǿߣ
˭
ŷеĿ⣬ĨĨͣǻƷӶŵʱԱ
ߵݣȻֻһ̶ӵͷͷǰ򵥣ΪƶСŮ֮󣬷Ƹǿʼ
ٿǽŵģһ
ҲеĿĲΪ˻䣬ΪǰСŮ
뵽⣬һ
СŮݾȻ˵Ҫ̶ΣôҲʹһ·ϣܾͲ̫ƽˣ
ʱŤͷߵĳ嶯Ϊо¾ǸУ⳵һͬǰУǾ͵ڽԼ˽ȥ
ʱԱ֤ݣ
ԣǾĶ
⻹Ҫ֤ݣˣ⻹֤ô
һۣ𿾼ϵĿ⣬˺һ飬ǿ
˼ҲȷˣԼҪʲôôһʱڣʲôѾˡ


54 
ٴɨһ۷ƣȷʲôΣշӣСŮǻص˳ӣϢһڶ죬΢ӱٴοͬţһ㻺Ұš
Ϊϵ£ƸǾࡣ
ܾ·϶Ҫ£ָоӿǸСŮ֮͸ΪŨ
һҪ˵ǿˣӰҲûһƺٵǿŻǶ伣һ㡣
ԲǱŵ
Ȼ̶Ҳ֮ڣٵǿǳ֮ϰǿŻĵ򣬾˶࣬Ҳһʣֽȴûгǿ·ķõķƸоΪ
ⲢǺ£
ƵüͷĴĿٴο
⼸ÿԷʱ䣬СŮƶԼҪԵģȻҲӣһȥһһСЩˡ
ȻСŮݣȻðʧȥʣЩ֪˱֪ҪõĶࡣ
Ըɡ
ֽ񣬷Ʋ߼𣬸𲻵ʲôãʱѾнǧˣǷأҲ˲ܡ
ָоƽ֮ӽҪپǿ籩꣬ʱŲŵסǾͺ˵ˣ
ҪһӶá
ЩԳĿЦ
ԼҲҩʦеһԱ˵᰹ҲӦǵλΪˣΪûҩʦ۶Щǿĵ£Ǿ̫ԩˡ

ϦȼһƬɫӣҲٴͣһӶǺܿľ𣬼˼ӣʼ׼͡
ÿʱ򣬷ƾһЩңʱħɽڽЩħң뿪֮ǰҲ׼㹻ڽָڡ
ʦħ⣬ǱʵģȻЩӶԵҪǿ̫ˣңÿγԺ󣬷ƵڶۼһЩܣڸֻŻϴӾ档
ϴӣƸо⾫ҲͻڼˣǣؿȴǺΪ̣ƾЩôڣǲΪ
ͻƼƷƷǷһֱ뿴Ʒ֮
Ƹ磡
һƾ֪СŮƶˣҲǹһЩЦ⣬תͷǿƶһֻСʵһƮ˹
ŵȵȣϾͿˡ
ָָԱߵĸɾƤʾ¡
š
ƶɵĵͷ˫΢΢Ƥ֮ϣһ˫۾һֱſϵ顣
СһﳤķཱུģСʹһ㣬ʳȴ٣ڣһ˾ܳԵһ⣬õķƸеܲ˼顣
ƶ
ƽõǿ˺ãݸ˷ƶ
ллƸ硣
ӹ⣬ƶĳһСԵġ
쳹ܼң
ٴ˺һ飬ͷҲûأֱȥ
л
쳹ܼңƶǿǴ粽ıȻСŮÿ쵽ҳԵģվԶš
û˵ʲô⣬Ҳûôҧǳ࣬൱͡

ϣ
ž
ҽУ຿һЩҵ쳹𣬶ӿɢӷΧ
ˣˣ
ɫһ䣬еĿһӣҼС㣡ԷƺһǿٵĴ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬ٵĽϨŷƶСֱǸȥ
ϣ
ǰһõĿɿڴƷӶŵļٺӶȫǵڵϣһʹ֮ɫŶֱлţȻȫˡ
⵽ô£
һ࣬ٵĳųǰȥ
ƽƶ󣬻߽һӶǷ֣Ӷ촽ѾһƬ֮ɫ͵ж֢״
ж
һ˭µĶ
ж֮жʦ
ʦְҵν˲£η壬µһˣУһһλ߽׶ʦλʦһŭ֮ܵɱˣﳤȥڻû
ԣ½ϣÿһպĶʦʬɽѪѻɵġ
ȻҩʦǡþǶʦĿǡ
ãʲô߼Ķҩ
̽һ˿ũҩ֮ϵ鵤һҩƴӶڡ
һᣬӶ³ȳ֮˾ͻָ˹ɫҲܿͺ

ͽ
çڵϣ촽ҲѾ֮ɫǶţһָֻǰһһЦС
УǻƷӶŵһųľǻƷӶŵĺڣҲǳԵģи˻çҲЩʱˣҲûçΣ˭֪ΣȻ¶ƷӶųԱȫ


55 
ΪʲôҪô
ȻçҲƾڵԪӲţһ˫۾ԲǰУĿȫɻ벻⡣
Ϊʲôô
еҲΪ⣬λεĳһһıƽçȫЦٺ٣Ǯ£ųȥˣɱԹֵܵġ
˵ֵܣеĳ˿ĳŻçؿֱ¡
Ϊжçֻֿܾ͵һ㿪һǣΪôһĶͷϱ˸ĺˮ촽Ҳ˼֣һںڵѪ
һĳϹۣǵֵܣ
çȫǰû֮ɫԼΣȴǱѣܵˣ
ߣ
ݵĺһϣԪ˸
ǲˣ
ৣ
ͬǻçں޵ıĿ
Ѿֿˡ
أ
һ죬žʹһص
㣡
ڻçĶо̵Ľ۾Ǽ쳹ܼվǰ
쳹ܼҡ
çһ졣
˵˭ôģ
쳹ܼһ࣬кʵ
ٺ٣Ǻ֪ܿˣ
ЦһĿһĨʣӿٵȥתʧڻҰ֮ϡ
쳹ܼң׷ˣ
ķƳסҪȥ׷ϵ쳹ܼҡ
һɨۣƽЩеģͬһֶˣĲ΢¡
쳹ܼңһçиа
ΪçǿȳںѪɫǰ˼֡
˵ʲôҲûˣ
üͷĴ𣬡ЩӦúܿͻˡ
ǰ龰һ顣
ѹһ·ϾȻɧŵǿҲûУ˼벻Ѵ֮ͽ£ңˡ
Ϲ۾
çһʹģҵϧȴС㰡
쳹ܼЩǸһͬԺȣûճЩȻʱǸһ˾ܽ⼸ˣǶҩ֮ûҩʦж
ⶾܽ⣡
ſ˷ƶС֣ƻ˹
ܽ⣿
쳹ܼçͬʱתͷЩĿǰꡣ
š
ǣڵΪҩʦ
ҩʦ
˽ͫһ
û˵çũҩ֮ϵ鵤ҩԱųçڡ
ţçɫۿɼٶȻָһᣬͻָ˺
ȿȣ
ſڣç³üȳ֮Ҳվ
Ȼˣ
һڵԪçϲޱȣϲĵ
ҩʦ
쳹ܼҲĿɿڴĿŷƣȻҲûԤϵ꾹Ȼ츳ңΣĵȽҲǻƼнϵҩʦڼָٶȣֻѾǵ˸߽׵ĵز
лҩʦ˽ⶾ֮
çֱŷƹȥĿоһƬϡ
ų
æǰס˫ֽ֮תµƲֹۣЩӦúܿͻ²˳٣ͿʼΪȫԱⶾ
ţˣ鷳ҩʦˣ
çһļ
ڵȷǿʱ򣬵ȵǿƾǼˣǾû취ֿġ
ǣƱ㿪ʼʩȡ
ڽָڵҩҲ㹻ЩеĶҲʲô߼ĶҩڷƵľ£ЩжԱȫָ˹˵ºһޱȡ
ȲҪ嶯
ƣç쳹ܼң˾һ˵ȻǷơ
룬ǲƾͼƣ
󣬷ƽԼ˵˳
ΪǸбضûԤϵзҩʦڣôһ˶̫ࡣ
˼
çһƣϲɫ
ǰ˭Ϊһ㲼СҩʦأҩʦǿǸ߹ģǶٵҲǿ
ţС
쳹ܼҲͷȻӶ֮ѽ⣬ǣü䣬ɻôЩǡ
ǣһҲûӪվɲãɵȫˣѾ͵ˡ

ɳһӰײײɳ֮бܡ
У
ƺʶĵΣֱһϿ֮أϿұ϶Ѩ࣬˵ҲмǺڲס
Ǻˣ
ųֱ㱻ڱ֣סȥ·
λС磬ǻƷӶŵԬнҪ̴ˣͨһ
Ԭһ˵š
ƷԬ
ڱɨһȦţȥ
һڱһڱǳһɽȥʱǸڱͿ첽˳
̴ˣҪȥ
л
ԬûԥֱӽǸɽ


56 
ɳ׿ͿӰΪĵƣЩǿŻŵԴ
ֻ쳹ܼûж
˻ͬĥɰһõԬӲ˼
һ˺۵ˣʲôģҲͣԬȴ֪ˣǸʦӵеĶҩҲǳ֣֮
ֲֻ֪̣һʱ䣬ٵ򣬾ʮǿŻﱻƿУԭҲΪ
ǵģ
ԬͷҲ̧
ĺܺãѾҵԤˡ
תǺ֮£һ˫۾ЩЩâǿɲ
͸ġ
׸һƿӡ
̴ˣǴӦң¾͸ҽҩô
еƿӣԬɫ鶯š

ͷЦ£㻹ûأڣȥǸСŮҴҾ͸Ľҩ
ǡ
ģòǴͬȥ£ҩģ
صļ
ǣ
һԬ˿˳⡣
Ƕ֮ʱʹ࣬ûгԹԣΪ˽ҩԼֵܣԼꡣ

쵴ź˲ЦĹųҩǲ˷Щϵģ

ҹˣؼһƬ谵ֻЩɫ¹
ɫĻҰ֮Уһ͵ĳӾͣٺվվһڶǱŷ߷֮ɫ
ˣ
һ鿪ٺѸٵɵȥ
ৣৣৣ
ʮӰԶǳǰ
ˣ
Ԭ˵һĿһĨӣͱɫ档
ֻһʦô
һ׺ݵĴ󺺣ͷ­ϣһɫĵ̺ΪԣٵǰʮǿŻĲǵͷĿǣ
û
Ԭͷ
ֵǣߣεǾõҩˣ
Ǹߺһȳųȥ
һ·ϣлƷӶŵԱڵϣϣǱһ㱡Ļɳʮһ·߹ûȥЩûзֵǣǾЩصӶ۾
һԣһߣһ꣬ƶûʲô
Ҫľ֮ɫûгǰ෴ǸϷʵĿ⿴ǣõļʮһĪ
ܿ죬Ǿ֪ϷʵĿʲô˼ˣЩԭѾصĻƷӶһվλεΧס
ԬɵĲ
ԭѾشĻçʱһЦ⣬Ŵ˹Ԭӣһɿ⡣
ЩǿҪԬųһǴ󹦰
쳹ܼ֮ϣҲ¶һЩЦ⡣
ģ
ɫʱͱˣݲԬ˵ʲôֱӾһ£֮أ
ʮңԭΪʰһЩ˶ûˣ˭֪ȴΧ
˵˭ģ
쳹ܼһ˫۾â˸˸ԪĶҲһâԪ£ߣĵҲһСĿƤֱ
ȻⳤҲʲôͨĻɫ
ߣ
ǲΪһ˫۾Ĵɨš
ų㻹пͻΧô
çһ˫۾ֱֱ£
Ӷһӿϣͽʮ˿סǱҲˣѪڣѪʶ̱ڵϣȻû˷֮
˵ָʹߣ㲻
쳹ܼٴκһ
˵ΨпЦ
ûָʹˣɱҰɣ
ûҶֻ䶾ҩҶôˣʹһЩ
ÿһǿŵıһ٣Ƕһտڲ˵һ
쳹ܼңǲ˵ˣҿֱɱ˰ɡ
çתҲһε˵
Ҳ벻ͨƽЩͷǺӲǿǣôӲأ
Ҳֻˡ
쳹ܼ̾һͷ
ȵȣ
лƷӶŵ˶ϤˣǷơ
ҩʦˣ
꣬ǿ𾴵ĺܣϾڳĶһ־Ȼġ
˵ͷֱǣç³⣬ࡣ
߽ˣƸĿѪɫƫˡ
жˣ
۾
ĻõĲһֱѿڶô֪
ǵĻֱӾ͵ڳ˷˵
ҲǱİɣ
ûлشٴʵ
Ǻǣ
ǿЦȻ㶼֪ˣ͸Һֵһʹɣ
۾


57 
Ϊⶾô
֣ճѪҺֶָΣڱţü΢΢
ⶾƷӶеĶֲһжϳ඾ҩϰֶöɵġ
ĶҩɲһĶʦܵƳģ֣ⶾ֮ڣһҩԵĴڣڻⶾԵɢ
ǸĻĶʦַǵô
Ƶɫ𽥵ı䡣
оһıΪǰĶҩԲһΪеĶҩʦܵǰģֻҪѰĻƼʦ
ʦ
Ҳ˵ⶾҪҩʦпܽ
ҩʦ᰹ҲŶ٣
ԷȻõҩҲóƶݣ򵥣
ȻǱˣ
ΨпЦһüͷ쳹ܼһۡ
ⶾܽ⣡
ڲϣĿ£ƿ˵
ģ
ʮ˶۾һ
ߣ
һũҩ鵤ҩԣһǵڡ
۾ǸоҩԣȷڻڵĶأȻûһԽеĶأǣҲࡣ
ҩʦ˾
Ź
ԣʵ˵˵Ļ˾˭
ٵȻӵʦڡ
ǣ˵
Ǵʱץһĵݣֱӽһж˳
ʣ˭һܣ˭Ը⽫ԼڱУ
Ȼ˶ʦ
쳹ܼһվĿ˸
˴βΪзҩʦڣ⼸ٺȫûˡ
Ҫ׵Ľ£һˡ
ΨнԴͷȻһ·ϻ֪ж鷳
ڲǵĴ£һ⴦Ͽȴ
ҩʦˣˣ
Ǻǹ˵ţ滹ǧңҩʦ˲õģֻҪܽⶾǶᷴ꣡
ߣ
һ·ϣç쳹ܼңǣʦǿ߶ǽڷңӼٻƷӶıţҩʦ˱ʵʵġ
ôƣȻע⣬һӰЩұϵĶѨӷɶǸǰ
ҩʦˣǸˣǸˣ
ԶԶģǱָǸںڵĺˣԷ˵š
Ŷ
ƲɫĿǰ
ǣ㲻ˣ
ĥɰӺ´˳΢̧һ˫ɭһЩ̹۾˳ɭ
ǣͬʱҲɻԬˣЩԭжӶǻվǰ
ѵ
һɨۣǿȺеķƣбһ
ΨһĿԾҩʦˣ
Ҳˣ˵ĩյˣ
ǰŭĿǳ⣬ִֵǣϵĶλҩʦܽ⣬ٽ£
Ⱥ֮ʣȴֱֱĵȥس鶯ΣûϢ
֪Ҳ׵ģһҩʦĺҲǵͷˡ
˺˺ۣںµģһĿȫǵӣòǹһڵѪȻڶҩ
˭ģ
쳹ܼҳȻɫûкת෴Ϊ
ˣҲͶˡ
󣬷ǽнⶾ㻨˰ʱ䣬Žǧȫⶾ
ʱҲѾո߹ҡ
лҩʦ˾֮ҵԸ׷ҩʦˣԸΪЧȮ֮ͣ
쳹ܼңǿڻǻƷӶŵӶǹȥ
һ߽ҩʦʵҲһңңƢҩʦҪȥ
⡭
΢΢㶡
ǳģôô໤أ
ˣ
뵽˷ңʱķңȻ̫ˣǰǧ˵ļ룬Ǳضʵ
ϻçĸʦʦĸģʮ֮ǧߣǿҲûжˣ
ɣ
ĻЩ˱ǻվ
Ը׷ңȥǷңҵ֣Ȼ˰ǣԸģҲǿȥ
ҵԸ⣡
ε¼õķʵĳҩʦݴĺôͬʱĲķ£٣ҵİΣһıϣҪˡ
ǧ˵ĳӣһ·˸ǣǾһЩǿŻĵ̣ҲֻԶԶţǰ·
ЦǰʮǿŻĸڣǣô
һ·ϣҲ֪СŮƶʵݡ
֮һ쳼ңСŮ


58 쳼
֮һг߳˰ٵڷƵİ£ǧ˽ͳٵ֮󣬶ֱӸǷҡ
ٹһգڷǰıһӴĳУǸߴɣֱΰǽƲࡣ
Ǵǣ
ǰһȣ̫Ժˡ
ǣ᰹İ˴֮һ䷱ٳ̶ȣǲ˵
ͨǵĴ֮ϣֵõ÷Ʋп⻹ûأѾ治֪ǳڣǺ־
ڰȫĻˣ
쳹ܼ˿һֱŵüͷҲɿ
Ŷ
쳷ƶҲŷƵֱۣ˷ܵĸߺš
Ǻǡ
ȾƸо
֮У˳⣬쳹ֻܼóһƻ˻ΣŻǿÿ
һİĳţͬˮһ㱩ӿõú׼ķƣԴЩ£Ƭ̺󷽲ŻعǽֵϺѹѹų֮ڶֺĽҲǲɵһ
һоԴ֮
С磬ȥһ쳼Ұɣ
쳹ܼתͷŷƷ롣
·Ϸһϵе¼ԼԽĿ͸ǰ꣬ͣѾнΪһǸ߽ҩʦˣôһСǵļأҩ䣬Ǻ
Щһԣ
ȥ쳼ң
üͷ壬ŷƶϣĿ⣬ԥջǶסСŮĹƣã
ѾˣҲˣҲ쳼ҴϹϵԷ֮ķչҲǼкô
ܳΪǵ壬쳼ңض鼶ǿ
ãã
쳹ܼҲԼá
Ƹˡ
쳷ƶ۾ҲŷƵֱ۾ǰȥ
һֱһ͵ׯ԰ſڣкľң쳸ſС˼쳷ƶһ˹æǰ֮ӭ˽ȥ
ׯ԰ڣľɽʯ׺һζ
ƶ
һķòϵӣٵӿ첽˳
쳼μĽӣ䡣

СŮ˫ˮ⣬ֱ˽ĽܵĻС
ūҲ
쳹ܼҲǵͷ֣ĵ
ãã
ĽҲԼܼˡ
ܼˣ
䣬ֵҲ׷׹֡
վǰŮžۣ¶һĻЩд
λǡ
ʱĽܲǿվһԵķƣǳʵ
ǺƸ磡
СƶŷƵֱۣǡ
쳼
Ҳǹֵ
֪ǰӿǻʵǿߣңλҲ͡
Ǻǣã˵
ĽҲǺƵһЦһĴ½˴
һ̸󣬽ţʳϣһٷҲѾʱ֣˵Ĵ£һͷס¡

ҹϰϰ
ܼҡ
Ľվڴڣҹգš
ūڣ
쳹ܼҹվ
һ·ϣ̫ƽô
ĽתĿ˸ֱ
̫ƽ
쳹ܼ¶һЩЦ
ŶԷ˺ǿأ
ĽƺѾԤϵһ㡣
ʦ
ʦ
ĽҲƤһҲһ
ʦ̫ûҩʦĵطʦһ
ҪǷСܰæ£ūСͳǰٵˣ
ǣ쳹ܼҽڰٵһϸϸ˵һ顣
ãӷƶ
ĽҲǳ˿쳹ܼң˼ǸСضѾͽ׵ҩʦ
ҩʦ᰹ҲǲడǣҲλѣҶҩʦ֮ˣ쳼ңֻӵһλƼ߽׵ҩʦѡ
û
쳹ܼҲĵ˵ͷ
ǣң
ĽĿ¶ɣһССǣȻλҩʦʵ̫˼ˡ
ǰ
쳹ܼҲип
ôһλҩʦң
쳹ܼңķǳãҵĹϵȫ𣡡
Ľܺܿ;
ǣ
˶٣쳹ֵܼ¾ôˣ
ߣ
ĽһƸ붾ʦǻмǰı£ռѾįֻʣ¾ңξ쳼֮λѾ伫ˣЮַƶвңϧվ쳼ͷģγ֮ҶҪ֪쳼ҵ
˵䣬һɰŷ볤һ˫۾â˸


59 ҩʦ
Ȼ޴СŮҲץ
һլ֮ڣƺ͸ǽ
һںڵĺˣʱҲһɫ鶯䣬õԵмɲкơ
ǰһӶɪɪĹ亹ֱҲֲá
ǱˣĽ⣬ϳռҵϲ
Ϊһȴǹ˽£ʵǺܲ˼顣
ʹߣҲ̫
Ҳǳ˻̿֡
쳼׼ҩʦˣֻǣ˭أ
֮Ҳƽ
ʱƿزˡ
ֵϲ㾡쳣֮ìܣ´γѡȡó֮λ
ǣʹߣ
ôһ˵ϲʱ˿
ú£³֮һͷģ
仰Ӱһټ

ϲţһ˫۾ھǻ֮ɫ

ʲ԰ףȴѾ̶Ǵ˴ţʼµһ⡣

ϣŵķƳһڵ۾ĿԼЩɫ
о䣬Щҡˣ
ʵĳɳҲڳɳܾȴǸˣӶܾڿ֮ʱѾΪǿˡ
Ū侧У
侧ܴʹܾȻȴҲܳɳңƸоܾûнƼĻһΪʦôһʧأʱڵƣضһʰ
´齣ϴˢһѣƱ߳ȥ
İĻ˵ʵڵģҲЩӦ쳹ܼҵһǳȥ
ûʱ˷ˣ
һ뵽֮ԼƾһֽȸУ¹Լϣ׵ϣҵ棬һҪû
ֵϣۿȥȫǺѹѹһƬҩʦڣƱֱȥ
ǣ᰹ĴǣȻʱ峿֮ϣһƬС
Ⱥ֮лתΪ޳Ľֵת˺ð֮󣬷Żͣ˽Ų̧ͷⴱǰԵôĽ
ⴱ¥Ϊ£㣬ǽӽһҩ˱Ƕõˬһ
ƵĿ⽨⣬ɫ֮ϣĸּЩģĹ壬˸ӨӨ⡣
ҩʦᣡ
һ䣬ƫͷĴǷ֣·ⴱ½ˣ඼ͶȥһĨĿ⣬ȻҲһЩ·ˣһֱɵɵվҩʦķƣҲͶȥЩߡ
ûΧЩĿ⣬ĺ˿ȻŶҩʦȥ
߽ſڣѾעܾõȫװĴ󺺣ȴֽĵСֵܣҩʦᣬɲĽġ
֮⣬ֻҩʦܽ롣
룿
סˣ˹ԼûҩʦۣңҲԺᡣ
ҲѹˣһҩʦǹޱȣôܻŴֲأ
ȡҩʦʸġ
εҡҡͷҲЩա
֪ͻһˡ
үүǿ㰡
ʱһ˹һȻӷңڷƵĸӦУˣƺûܵ˼
˴ü⣬ֻÿ˰벽
ÿһСӰǴܵԭվλãȻЩмıһվԱߵķƣҲûǡ
ѾͷĽ˯ôʲô
ЩϵһЩӺ
΢΢ƫͷȥǿһ߻˹ĿһɨƱǿߵۣҩʦеҩʦۣ󣬷ƵĿͣؿڵĻ֮ϡ
ĴָСĻ£ֳһ򿪵ҩģҩ֮£ȻĵĻɫ·
Ƽ߽ҩʦ
ͷҲ΢ٴƫͷǿˣһɫʮңһŽεķҲΪˣΪЩСЩ˾ȣʮ꣬ϵÿλǸ͹͹ðİĽ֮һȹĿȥЩ߹ζ
Ůӵһͷںڷ˿һɫ˿ţֱӴϣԻ
ƺǲ˷ƵĴŮ΢΢ƫͷŷͨɵüͷ΢΢˴أһ֮ſǽССڽߵʲô飡
ߣ
һ˦䣬תͷȥûҲĸʧһŮȴһĳ


60 Ǽ
ҩ䣬дʣκһ߼ҩ䶼Ǵӵͼƶɵģ
κһҩ䣬ȿʼǴһҩʼ𲽣𽥵ݺϸҩӶʹҩҩԸǿԣÿһҩʦǧټƵҪҩ֮ϵҩԣһһеԽãҩϵҩ۵ҩȻҩԾ͸ǿ
㣡
Ƶ̬ȣŮӶʱˣһ˫ھǷ޷֮ɫ
ôһƽͨ꣬ȻûԼһĸʱЩܲסˡ
Ѿͷ
ҲǸ˹΢΢һԱߵķƣû˵ʲôŮӣ󺺾ηĿ½ҩʦ֮ڡ
ǲˣСʮ꣬ӦѾҩ˰ɣ˵ҿǸ׼һƼ׵ҩ䣬벻̶һʱ䣬ҾѾռҩʵôһСǺлҩʦ
ǰǰγ֮СǻƼҩʦǾʤǾʹడ
˽ȥ֮š
ǳ֮
ԣüͷ˼ء
Сֵܣ㻹߿Щɣǲܵסģ
ҩʦ£󺺵ƢҲǷǳĺãΪҲжǰ굽ǲҩʦ
ǣǵķǲң˵һλҩʦǾ̫òʧˡ
˵ȡҩʦʸġ
ε̯̯֡

󺺻࿴һۣҡҡͷ
Ȼǻǲŷԡ
ղλС㣬ҲûҩʦۣǲҲŽȥˣ
°ͣʵ
С㲻ͬǾҵĴС㣬Ƽҩ䣬㲻ⶼûɣ
ŷƵ⣬󺺿Ŀ⣬ɵһ㡣
ε̾һƺȻ
ʲô
ŷƵľٶ󺺶ʱҲɫһ䣬ƻȻץȵ
ûˣƵũҩ֮ϵ鵤һᣬһɰƵҩԴֵָֻƶ
ҩԳͣҩʦ
вŵ³ǾҩʦļʶȻ֪ܽҩԱųڳͣǱҩʦпܰ쵽飬˵һ¹ͷĻǵƽһЩǰˡֻһʮĴ갡
ܽȥ˰ɣ
ĿΧв˱ĺ˹һЩ۾ģǿ˷ָƵḬ̇ҩԣʱ𺳵ĵҩʦ
ûлع󺺣εҡҡͷֻ˦˦֣ҩԣٴζ󺺵ҿԽȥô
ԿԣС֡Ŷˣ룡
һۣϽ΢ӣĵ
ƵŶЩ鷳£ֻпЦһ̾һȻ󻺻߽ǾסųڣλߵһְҵĽ
֮󺺼Ҫ̱ڵأ¶ǰһûе
һλҩʦԣΪҩʦĻҲˡ
ͬʱһЩһĻˣվԶţӰҲȻ뿪ԭأ֪١

߽ҩʦᣬһŨŨҩζӭõЩĿ
ڲԱֻ࣬ڰԼ飬ƺ˽ŲһЩ̧ͷĿһ꣬һĨɻ֮󣬱ٴͷ£ǲΪ˭еӣҩʦҡ
վ΢ЩĴڣҲεҡҡͷҸѯһȡҩʦݳʱһŵɫȹŮӣȴǼæĴһ̨߳Ȼŷƿ첽
λӣģӦǵһǳǵҩʦɣ
ŮӴ΢Ц˷ǰɨһȦ֮ʵ
ܽģŮӺɣǰĿƽ꣬ҩʦɡ
š
ĿһǰŮӣݵģҲϲҲ¶һЩЦ⣺ȷǵһȡҩʦʸġ
Ŷһλ׼ҩʦô
ԣŮ΢΢ٴڷɨɨʵ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷܸҿ˵ĳô
롣
ˣŮϵĹ֮ɫҲ˿٣˺󼸲̨ǰŷ΢Ц˵š
ӹ̨óһΪƽƤֽŮŵһֻëʣ̧ͷŷӯӯһЦλӣ˵֣䣬ҪǼǡ
ƣʮ
΢Ц


61 ҩʦ
ʮ
ŮӶʱסˣúܲ˼ĿֱŷƣþҲز
ȿȣ
ƱЩ̫Ȼ˼
ӿΪ
ӦŮǹάһ䣬ٵպ˹̨ϵĶȻŷ˵ӣ뿼ĸҩʦأ

ƴ˴ü⣬΢΢һᣬǾͻƼ߽װɡ
ҩʦʵ̫ҡˣƼ߽ףǲ߲͵λãȻѰУƼҩʦǾѾǷǳ˲ˣλҲܷ֮¡
Ƽ߽ף
ŮſС죬˵Ҫ˻Ƽ߽ҩʦ
ŮӾ㵵Ķŷƣǰ㣬ͨʮ꣬ȻһλƼ߽׵ҩʦôҲģ
ţʲôô
΢΢˵ͷƵ˵š
ûûС
عŮӼæҡҡͷƵĿУԽŨһЩƴˡ
ҷƾͺˡ
ҡҡͷƴϵЦ
Ǻǣá
ŮӺôҲҩʦ˺ܳһʱˣƽռĴҲ٣ķ˵ҲʡȥЩƿڵĳƺЦĵ
˵վһߵıӰ˷ƣҡҷǰȥ
һߣŮӵٶȻƬ̺һǰͣڴ֮⣬α뺷Ĵ󺺡
ƵĿɨʱͷ΢ȻΪ֣ˣȻûһʦ𣬶ҿһżӹľ⣬ȻѾʦ۷弶𣬽ʦƺҲָտɴ
˴磬λүμҩʦ˵ġ
ŮӽƵıݸǸʦ۷弶Ĵ󺺣Цӯӯ˵
Ŷ
ֻһɨۣϵݣõĴ˵Ƥͺݺݵ˼ƵĿͬ𺳡
ʮĻƼ߽ҩʦ
ʱŮҲתŷЦӯӯ˵ţֻԼȥˣչ涨ǲġ
ţлˣ
Цŵ˵ͷƶ˹֣ĸ󺺹Ŀ£˴֮ڡ
ǰĴյ磬ʱĴڣҲŲٵڣȴûʲôжһ鼮ϸĹĦţеĲʱĴӽָóҩϸϸĽʡ
ƵĿЩؿڴɨط֣ʮ˾ȻȫǶһЩƼϵҩʦ
ڴϷڷһųεӣϣڷһ߸ߵ鼮һ˿԰׵߾֮ߣҲһҩʦۣؿڴҩȴɫ·
ҩʦ
ƵĿ΢΢һҲ뵽ˣλߵݣӦþǳҩʦĻ᳤߸᳤˰ɡ
ǸſľС㣬ͬǸߣվǰߡ
Կʼˡ
߶ž΢΢һЦ˵š
š
ƽһձǱ۾˫֣ߵһֻϡ
һᣬƤһ¡
Ƽ߽ףʮζҩ̤
߳˿˵ʱͽڵĿȫ˹˿ǵӰͶȥ𺳵Ŀ⡣
ξһ˴Ǯˣ
ǳ֮λҪھͷˡ
Щ˽ﴫ˳õľո߸ߵ°ͣưɨŴһɨۣͿվſڴķƣʱĿҲǶ
ôˣ˭ģ
ſھǺš
ȻǲԸҲҩʦ
˳Ŀ⣬ܶ˶ǿ˷ƣǵĿжǴһЩɻ
Ż䣬õЩɡ
Ϊʲô
۾΢΢У¶һЩ⡣
ЩĿע£ǲźۼ䣬Ӵ
ձ˱죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴԵһԣǣȴû뿪վۿߵĶ̬
ڳƴ󣬵ҩʦɲҰĵط
СһҲҩʦģ
ǰ꣬׷ҲЩɻ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
Ƶ÷ƵͷߵиǶһ־죬ЦСһ֣䣿
ƣʮ
㲻λԿλ͵ʲôֻʵĵ
Ŷ
÷ƵĻش𣬲߾һڵ˶ǲĿҲһ㶡
ʮꣿСһҪĸȽף
߰촽ٴʵ
ţƼ߽ס
΢΢ڵ
Ƽ߽ף
˵ɫǺ˼֣׵ģǾӵлƼ߽׵ҩ䣬Ҳղ˶ҩ


62 
ͣ
ʱԭĴڣΪƵһ仰Ҳ޲ǳĿ
ȿȣ
׷˼𽥵İ
ˣԿʼˡ
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲûЩĿ⣬һֻ֣ߵϡ
ֻҩʦҩԳ¶
һᣬߵȻһͫ׼һ͹ĪĿŴǰꡣ
ߵת䣬ͬһֱעߵ˵ע⣬𾪵Ŀ⣬Ƕһ
˲ŵĿ£վһĵλˣѾˣ˵䣬ҲǱֵĺΪ
ͽҩʦֱоǰڵҩԾһ嫺ȻѾǳԼ֮ࡣ
꣬Ҳ߽ҩʦ
뵽ˣߵĺҲЩĿҲĹ
ǿΪ䣬Ϊȣǰʮ꣬ҲֱӳƺΪˡ
ߵĳƺȴõ˲һĿ⣬Ǵ㵵Ŀߡ
˭ҩʦĻ᳤ҩʦϰԣ
ڣȴһʮΪˣõܽܵˣң˶֪ˣǶǿ뱾˵һֳƺ
ҲˣߵҲˣǰɫ޲һ㡣
᳤ˡ
ҲûϵϰԵķӦ֮æգգ۾ô˵Ѿͨ˻Ƽ߽ҩʦĿˣ

ϰһ㶣Ǽһֱգ۾һԣͨˣƼ߽ף
Ȼô˵˶ѾףĵȽףѾף᰹Ҳһλн׵ҩʦһǻʼҹ
˻
ع˶Ǻݺݵĵһ
ЩҲΨпЦҲûʲôΪͿ뿪ˡ
λ
ʱϰҲ֪γƺˡ
ҷƾС
΢΢һЦ
ãСѣ¥̸
ϰһϲɫŷƱǳһߵ¥ȥ
ߺ󣬴Ȼ˳һǵͷ­üͷ˼ţҲĴͣվҲһ£һֱţôܣôܣԣһǼٵģԣǼٵģ϶ƭ˻᳤ˣ
¥ȥȴһԵסˣߣ
˵ţֱ۱ȥ

¥ȫһһŵܣţһɨۣƹһ£ĲӦòǧ
һӵǧʮ飡
ǲµ˷һ㣬ϰԸ˸룬Щ԰˵
ǧٶ౾
ư࣬һǰһ鼮˿Ǽ鼮һʽҩͼҽҩԣñעҲΪϸ
Щ鼮޼֮ﰡ
鼮Ƴ˿С
ϰԹ˹֡

ϰԱһϵеĶŪһһ㶣Ʋûһ˿Ц˼ЩЦãǿʵСǵһνҩʦô
û
ʵĵ˵ͷ
ѹˣǺǡ
ϰЦһָָһŵܣЩ鼮ɲҳҩʦģ½ҩʦᾭ޾£ģЩ鼮ڴ½ÿһҩʦᶼһףΪеҩʦõʶҩԡ
ԭˡ
˿
Ҳˣ⼸ǧ鼮ڼ˼ʮ಻ͬҩôһ֮أ
߰ɣȥ
ϰָָ¥ݣȥ
ϵ¥ǰһУõķƶʱ͵˿ͫҲһš
һȫһЩӣЩ֮ϣڷĸҩһɹҩһЩҩ֮ϣõķ̲ס˿
ϰôˣ
һڴҩ߼ɨһ۷ƣϰʵ
ǳҩʦĸ᳤ƽ
ǺǣϺΰλСѿɲ˰
ϰЦ⣬˸ɫĳ룬ңɱС˷СѣͣǱ󣬵ǣڽλϣǻһˡа
ˣ
ƽϰҲǿЦģ±һ
㵵ĿⶢţҲǴвȻϰԿΣǴһһڡ

£˸һһ٣ǳ̸ڼ䣬Ҳľϵļʶ棬ҩϰԵʣ϶ϸĽõǳҲһЩҩ֮ںϵ飬ũҩ֮ϵҩĵҲǸһЩõҲǰһ


63 ޳
һģһ죡
ʱ¥ѡũҩ֮صͨҩһƼ߽׵ҩʦۣϰƽ˸Խ֮ͳ⡣
һĻںܶ˵Уرλҩʦ᳤˶̬ȣ˸еľѡ
λߵ̬ȣҲΨпЦڶྪĿ£ųŴȥ
С磡
һϤ˹õķƶס˽Ųתǿ쳹ܼһЦӯӯ˹
쳹ܼң£
߹бһ¡
ǳ֮
˵ʵڵģ뱻ȥǿɶӵ鼶ǿߵһңǷҪġ
Ǻǣһ˵
ɨһܣ쳹ܼҴŷһұȽϺľ¥һС䣬ǲ˷ԱŻһɫ
СҲ˵˳֮ɣ
쳹ܼѹ˫ֱŷơ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷ
С֪Ϊʲôô
˿Ȳ裬쳹ܼҲſʵ
ĺô
ҡҡͷֻдǣŻгһְǣû
һÿٺ»һ侧ӳͳ˧ְ֮
쳹ܼ˵š
һ侧
һ
ɶ߽ױģȫװģ
ҲСģǣȴǳһλƼ߽׵ҩʦ⣬֮λ϶ھͷϡ
쳹ܼ̾һңݼƲ⣬ϴɳʦĶǾң
⡭
ͷһݡ
ԣСæȻ쳼Ҳ÷СԿģ˵Ը侧Ϊ꣬㿴Σ
侧
۾΢΢һĿǰȱĶ飬ȻܾƼҲȷ䷭ʲô
֮жã
ʱ䣬ǷΪĵĵط
գ
ã
·Ʒˣһʱ䣬ȡ侧Գֵ

֮ʣǳ¼ˣ֮˵쳣գҴͬĻŲ룬ЩҲûǰ룬ģֻҪ֮ͨϣǵļѡ
ǳʲôĿģǵĳ֮ȻǳģĻӱһǶԼǼõ
֮ʱ䣬ǽգص㣬ͷڳڶ޳С
޳һ͵ǰĴСõģҲһܶŸ̨޳ڣʱȴȫһЩͽˣŽף߽׵ħ޳
Ⱥмĸ̨ϣ˳ӡμǿѡʮһȺȥӡ
峿һǵʱ򣬳ڵգǳ׵ķڣƺƵɽ˺޳ǰ㾰ۣѪڡ
ǳĵطô
վһ̨ϣӸµ·޳ڵħȺЩĵ
ڷƵ࣬쳼еĺĳԱڴˣͷģȻ쳼ҼĽܣ쳼ҵļλϣŸһĽӣٲȻС
û
÷Ƶ⣬ĽЦеĵ˵ͷָȺмĸ̨ǾǳӡȵΪʤ
ʮˣȴȳ壬ҪȺҲʲô£ǣȴҪȴٶȣЩнף߽׵С˵ҪȺɺӶָ֮ʱҪ˷ʱ䣬ǣһλҩʦûⷽĹǣ
ԣҩʦĽλԻӰ쵽ȫ֣
ôһ˵ҲǿеĵҲףΪ쳼һỨ侧ĴԼ
ң˾޴һλƼ߽׵ҩʦ쳼ңһȴֻһλƼͽ׵ҩʦѣвʹȥ
ԣзСڣγ֮ѾǺˣ
Ľ˫ָμ䣬СС˷һƨ
ǰ³񣬾ҪСˡ
쳼ҵһλҲЦӯӯĴһ䡣
ԣҲ΢΢ҡҡͷ
Ϊ侧˵ʵڵģ治뱻УһɨܱЩԼĿ⣬ΨпЦ
һ£ָǵһЩˡ
ǺǣĽܣ벻쳼ҾȻûˣҪ
̸֮ʱͻȻһӲԶ֮⳰Ľܵ˵üͷһ壬ϵЦҲǵһЩ
ƵĿ˳ķȥֻһ˺ƵⲨ߹ĵطȺҲѸٵɢģֵΪη塣


64 
һǰһλŵɫĳӣ俴ȥĽ࣬˫ݣԵΪӡ
ǸһǾ峤оף
ڷԣͷ˵
΢΢˵ͷĿ࿴һۣܹо̺ǿףҲӦ鼶ǿߡ
ƵĿɨһ۾֮ǶϤӰԼǸΪүүߡ
ǸܵƵĿ⣬߶ǿ˷ƵĴڣʱߵüͷͽ
Ҳ߼ھ׵Ķ˽Ｘ䣬ζʱһͫ󣬺ܲ˼Ŀơ
ף쳼뵽С쳼ҵң
Ľ߽ľҵˣЦݺǲãкǿ⡣
ҩʦҲʲô뵽ģҲȷ쳼ҵ£
ô
ֻһСᣬҲǻָɫһЦֱӶŷ˵λʦҾҳ쳼˫ıֻ꣬ʦѣΣ
⻰һڣ쳼һ˵ɫȫǱˣĽҲз
Ȼû˵˭⡣
ΧһЩСȴЩˣ쳣ҵʵǶѾվ˳ǵ۷ˣΪλҪ̬ȥԴһڵأ
ףҲ˵ģõó侧ô
Ľɫһת
侧
ΧһĿʱͶ𺳵Ŀ⣬Ҳ漴Χ쳹
Ҳ˵쳼Ϊ֪꣬侧
һ侧λҲֵʮ£Ǻεȵ֣һʮȥһˣ룬ԲǸ򵥵
һλõռҼϲҲע⵽ߵɵɨ˼۷ƣû߹
𾪹˵ĿⶼǿףôӦ
侧ҳ
ҧҧ˾㵵Ŀע£ױһʯļλ
Ϊ˵õһƼ߽׵ҩ䣬Ϊ˴ЩҩѾǷѾ˲ǣ÷վ쳼ߣҿνǰˡ
λҲ΢һ¡
Լõ侧ܾнƼĿԣôͿԸǵĽʦλˣ
⡭
ĽȻҲû뵽׾Ȼ˷侧ǿֳĳٺţҲЩˡ
Ǻǡ
չһЦǰһСӶл𣬿ϧѾȴӦ쳼ңҴʱ˳Ҫһ֮
Ȼ˵ĺί񣬵Ǿһ˶ȫǳ쳼֮ˣ
׵ӳ˳飬˵ݻֿǵղų˵Ƿҩʦ᳤ʧڽһˣȻʧڣ˶ףҩضǳ
һλҩʦѾ˺ĺݻֱȥһҲЩǺ졣
ȻʦִˣǾ̫źˡ
£׵һĨɭ䣬Ŀ綾߰ĶĽܣȻĽܺܵôʦ֮ǣ֮λҲδؾ쳼ҵģ
˵䣬һСǰһһͦһԪǱŷ˳
ʦ
ǹɲʱõΧһЩ֮
δʮСȻѾͻ֮ﵽʦ
ٺ٣
Ľܵһģ׷ŴһʩʩȻתȥ
벻ҾȻϻ˼Ǯ
Ľܵž׵ıӰҲǹſЦ̾һ
ʦô
۾΢΢˵ʵӦҲʦеһˣ񻯣ϱ˵ӣټӵҩԿʦҲôˡ
ĽתǼƻһȻҲһ
ʱ򣬶޳ſڴǴһ֮һŻڼʮȫװıʿ߽˳ڡ
Ľܽһ䣬ǹһӭȥͬʱÿСͷ׶˹ȥ
ΪӾǳǾӵܹܣͣ
ϼҵô
ƲɫĿһС
ȻѾϼҿ϶Ǽ򵥣Ҳûϼҵ˾֮ڣҲóϼңã
ڶͷ׵Ĵӵ£һ̨˫΢΢ѹѹȫǻֻгЩħ޲ʱķԼĺ
գֵһεĳǳ֮ҾͲظˣλҲôڴ֮ڿʼ
һ£ϵһ˾Ͷߵһ֮ǰȴڵĿ


65 
𣡡
໣
ڣħ޾Уһ˫˫۾ȫǿŸ߸ߵȺʱĳײţȻһδα˻ȥȺڡ
բţ
͵һ£һբͬһʱ䣬վſڴСǺԥľͳ˽ȥ
ÿһբţǶкܳһξ룬ԣи󣬻ͬе
һ飬һ뵽Ⱥ֮У㶼ǰڿȻ󲻹һеĳǰ壬ʱ޺ƺ쳹
ĳϣˣǺ飬ЩĶ飬һڣΪȺûͷҲûʣ¡
ΪЯԶֻһ˫ȭԪǱȻģûҩʦĶ飬ḲУ˻
⼸ʮ֮У۵ģɾǾҵǶӣӵһʦƼ߽׵ҩʦһ·ǰ壬ӡ
ٺ٣
̨ϵľ֮Ҳȫ¶Ц⣬׸ǵĳĽܱ˱촽ơ
ʦߣ˶֪
׵ƣĽܲûп˫ۣһֱעŷƵĶ̬ܴ꣬Լľϲ
һСᣬҵĶѾңңȸʮ׾룬Ҳע⵽ˣüͷ˴أ뿪ԭλá
ǰ棡
һԾ˶ǰ棬һҲͣԪһƵͬһͷǱȻ𣬶ʱͽǰļͷħƷ˿ȥ
ͣҲõԭǰ΢΢һ㶣ҲǷӦ˹˷Ƶλãһ·ȥ
ǣ
Ǻԥģƾͽֱӿ񻯣£һྭ̸ͬһڵ̲ţƣҲʱ֮ࡣ
ȭ
ԪӿȭͷݺݵһǰһͷħϣΧħ޾ƷɣʱǰͿһβСĿյ
ã
ߵĶ̬ĽһֱڹעķͣʱֱվĽкá
춯õΧһЩҲע⵽ˡ
˳ĽܵĿ⿴ȥʱ򣬶̲ס̾һ
һƲʮ꣬ħȺľ磬Χħ޽ӽǱɨһ⡣
ôܣ
׵ȭͷˣڷƵıҲĿɿڴ
ҩʦȻȳһ֪ʮ갡
ʮʦܹܣ
쳼ҵǴڳģ
ֿЦĽܣ²Ľ֮⡣

мҲ۾һڿãͷĽʵ쳼֮ˣ
ǺǣҪҼ֮˾ͺ
ĽЦЦֲЦӯӯ˵꣬ҵһСѣΣҲǷ˺ܴ󾢲æֵİ
Ŷ
һļҵӵܣҿʵӦûһλҩʦɣ
ûȷһλҩʦҽλǲͣļҵġ
˵⣬Ľܶ˻⣬ĿкһĨ⿴һԵľףΪλСѵİΣһǲ˵ˣ
ⷬĪĻʱһЩĿ⣬ռҼϲƤҲǲźۼĶ˶۾ǵܶӰ
Σ
Ҳü⣬һŵľףûȥ
Ȼͳ˧ǵľǣȴܸԤЩ֮ΪһģʽҪøҲͣྺ뱰֮ѡŻӴǵĶҲֻЩǿˣŻǿ
׾ЩɻˣȻǲͣǸղĽܵĵ֮УԼĸоɱڡ
о֮п϶ʲôʣļҸղŵĶ̬У׸оˣƺĽ˵ԼӰ쵽ǸİΣ
һ뵽ЩȻȻ֪ЩĦǷƿһ߽ҩʦôΪôһ֥Сȥƽأ
ߣ
ƲĽһۣо϶ĽиҪԼҩʦͣһ¶
ߵж֮ϲƽĿбӣûһһ㡣
Ⱥ֮У˷쳼ҵĶҲ£ҵĲ࣬һҶе״ʱת˹
Żʽĳʽȭһʹͬսһ㣬޿赲һ·֮
ǣ
۾һģһ˫ץһͷħޣУ͵һɨȥܱħ޾Ʒɡ
壡
һ쳼һӵֱȥһ·Ӱڣ׳ҡ


66 ܵ
ǿħɽԣҲپٵ򷵻ǣõ侧Ʊ뿪˳ǣһ˳ħɽȥ
Ϊǳ֮λҲʵ쳼ҡ
ʱҲҩʦۣһ·ϵ˼ͶԾηĿ⣬Ҳһ·衣
ҹһɽڣƱ

ڵԪָƲų˿֣һ龧Ө侧͹ġ
ٴαĿʼĬĬ侧һᣬ¶ǲһӨӨԪΧĺڰ

һӨ׵侧ֱۣ뵽ڵԪ֮ڣ侧ļ룬Ԫиǿٵתһᣬʹࡣ
ԪͬһţͬʱԪ֮µҲǾһ㣬ҪſڣƸϽܾӿԪе͡
ʱ侧űϣܾ֮ʱҲԸоҪ˳ࡣ
ʮ侧ܽƼ
ƲҡͷЦ
飬ܹҲ侧ѡ
һ£
ܸоЩҲһã˵Ҫʮ侧ңҪһԡ
֣侧ͬʱ˳һֳһ飬ĺ˿ʼ
ȻͬʱһΣգũҩ令壬ʣӦûܳס侧֮ĳ
ȻЩ侧Ҫֱײʱܾͳˣʱƾ͸оԼµļһ㣬Щɧȫ˻ȥԹԵΪ֮뵽֮ڡ
ʱ򣬷Ҳƴܾʱ͸оǸٽ㣬оֻҪٽ㣬ܾܴƷɻƼƷ

ܾ£ԪеתٶȣԾҪеٶ࣬ѹƵģ͵ȡһ˿һԪ
ԽȥԽȥ
ʱоǷתܾ֮ϣɬҲ𽥵ĽȥԽԽĳ
ʱϵ侧Ҳۿɼٶȥֱ׵ʧڵԪû侧ļ룬Ҳ
Ҫͣ£
ƶҲðоʱֻҪ侧ͻǸٽ㣬ʹܾƼ
ǣû侧ļ룬ٲģԪҲվɵȥ
ʱܵЩٴεһӿԶ룬ѸٵƶԪתٶȣһСᣬͽٶҲȥ
һϲ˲ȥΪܻƶԪУͽ˼ܾת֮ϡ
˵ܾΪڵģǵһ֮Ϊ˿ģܾ˼£ܳ׵䣬Ӷõ֮Ծ£
ǣ˵һ䣬ҲũҩĿߣܾ˼£ԺҲûǷϣҲû
֮ˣϣҲǺܼ򵥵һɣΪԣܣ
ҪҪ侧쾧ܱȫ
þһֶΣ͵ҲҪŪ쾧
һʼϾôġ
磬ʴȣǶԼĲ̣
ҹ
Ʊһ϶ʱͱŷһܱߵʯȫƷɣΧұҲһĺۼ

ͬһʱ䣬ڵԪеתı䶯ܿüģԪʱڵԪһ˲֮УֱǱ֮࣡
ƷؾƼؾĲ࣡
ԪʣؾǾԪ
ÿһνԪʻǣȴӣԣһؾҲ;һ˵ĳɾ͡
ȻҲǿߣΪõõؾӶѡƺǰԪУһµС
ȻкܴΣմڣһɹôҲԶȻԪҪޣȴڣֻԪѾ߹һεǣⲢʲô£ֻҪ㹻侧ѳָԭȵʵֻʱѡ
۾Өһɨֻ΢΢һƵǱһ߸ߵĻȳ
ɹˣ
ȭͷԪʣϲѡ
Щܾʲô
ʱ򣬷Ʋɻ
ͽ֮ʱܲϰ񻯾ϴӾĴȣڣܾȻ˴ٶԪãõķƼɣܣǾܵġ
Ҳɻܵ벻ףΪԼܣʵַһ״ҪʳñԼλҪߵڵܡ
ϸ룬Ҳûֻֽ֮£±۾ĬĬܾԪתϴˢŻÿһ鼡⡣


67 ֮·
žҹĵڶɫոʱǳ˯еķƣ׼ʱ
ЩʱգǸܾܵĺôֻܾҪԪûбų⣬ֻϴˢǿȵĻʱ䳤̣һ˿ļ١
Ҳ˵ָܾԪٶȣؼؾҲ޷⣡

³ڻһҹƲǻվĻ£һ쳹
Ӧÿ߸߽˰ɣ
һǿȣ䡣
ֻҪһȥоԼʱпܽ߸߽ס
ԼʵԼ߸߽ףҲ㲻ʲô
ħɽˣ
߳ɽԶ޾ɽƸ߸ߵԾӣɽ˹ȥ

¡¡
һߴɵĴٲˮͬǧڶ£شǾǷٲ֮£Ҳҵ䡣
ǣشٲ£һӰȴٲ·һʯ֮ϣǧȴõҡ˿
ѹڻ׶εķƻǺõģңҲΪƤһĻǣǽ׶ΣǾûʲôˣǼΪ
伡⣬ʵҲڿԪʣʦҲ֮ͬ·ϵһУѲϵ
ֽٲ֮£Ѿ˰ʱˣһµʱ䣬ٲ֮ȽŸ
ٲĳѹļ⣬ѾǰѾﵽ߸߽׵ĳ̶ȣڣԪʣ
ֻҪȥ߸߽ˣ
ͻأģ۾ĿӨâһš
һ㡣
һԪĶ̬ΨҡͷЦ
ԭΪˮɵ飬ȴҲѾһµʱˣ֪֮ļ֮
ৣ
żһֽµʯӱǸ߸ߵԾ˻ʮ׿Ĳݵϡ
ȥɣ
ûƲ֪ʦħޣǰ簡ϵʵ̫ˡ
ģԶǧ׿һϿȵİһͷʦн׵ıܣѾǰȥˣÿζǰܱٶȳܣһδѳҪǻһˣڱ֮ܵˡ
ԼǿĶɱܿٵԪʣ
ǷϽ̸ģңҲȥұԼλߵħޣȻ⣬Ҳܡ
ʦ׵ħޣǰܺɵİƽˣʦнףһħޣǶ֣дΣӲӱһƣĹۣӵũҩ䣬ػ֮¡
࣡
ԶģԾʹ˱ĺʰϵһСʯͷź˹ȥ
𣡡
˲ʱһŭĺ쳹õΧﷶΧħ޶ԶԶԭء
ɵģʲôУ
Ծһϣơ
һǷƣʱһ˫۾ֱӺˡ
ֻɧÿζԼ˯Σʵǲˡ£ͱ磬ŷ˹
һ·ϣľԾĵľмĽľ׷ɣˡ
ৣ
ǰ˫źݺݵĶڵϣӴͬСɽԾɫСİƾͳŷ
ͳԹķȻӲżһ֣ӱƮʮϡ
̣
뿪ˣվǿˣڱܵİ£ֱӱĳľмɢ˿ȥ
ţʮܸǱʮħ޻̻̲ð
ֱһʱңıĵĲ࣬׷ˣƲŶΣһңƮȭͷͳűܵıȥ
ӭģȻǱСİƣһշ˱ܵԪĶ˲䱬ǣʱ򣬱ܵĿȴһ˿ƻδתһֱֻȴǹĲתټİֱڹڽӽķƵؿڡ
ۣ
ܴ˾ƵֱӾǸƼһıķ˳ȥڰգſһѪײĿľײһʯϣͣʱſһѪòҡ
ûԥֱӾ͵ũҩ֮鵤ҩԣǻָжԶԶȥǴʯֳµƷ
һԽԽƻˣ
ʹؿڣƲЩĳ
ͻˣ
ҩԽεĴȫ޸֮ٴԪʱ򣬷ƴ㵵ķ֣Լû飬֮£ֱӾôϷԵͻˣ


68 
űܻصٲԣƺͽܽ壬ӵӣöĶϴɾ֮˺һ飬ʣµľװ˽ָڡ
ζʱ˿
ƣڵҲʼҲͼֲˣ֪֪ܵԴ˲˵Ҳֻա
Ѿ߸߽ˡ
һ£ôϷԵͻˣҲΪпڲݵϣתϴӾܸоٶȣõ⡣

ֵĽָϣһӨӳһ˵񣬡ĿǰʣһЩҩĵͣѾǿͼ쾧ˡ
쾧
ԣƵĺֱӾͼһ˫۾ֱ˲š
ҲСã˻ֵ˳ҩӣȻױȥӴ쾧ֱӾ
ϲ޼ʵֹһ䡣
ǳҩǿҩܷ֮ٶҩ֮ҲǰʮĴڡ
ٺ٣
ӺףҲԵ⡣
ָڣǻлӴڣһ뵽о͸һĨ⡣
ưɪġ
ֱӾͷһ۹ȥ뵱꣬ҿʵô
ʵ
Ƶ۾ֱӾ͵Բˣ𺳵Ŀˡ
üһǲ򵥰ũҩ֮ϼأҪмʮҩҩ֮Ҳ࣬ϾȻˣ룬Ϊܷ츲أ½۷ĳǿߡ
ǣ
Ҳǲ޵⣬˵ݺ֮ʱ龰˫ǼԶһɿµ¶˳Ʈ̬¶
ˣڵΪ˵Щ̫ˣ
˰֣˵˵쾧°ɡ
ǡ
Ƶ˵ͷʦϵ쾧ô
Ƕ
ͣ
ô˵ֱЦ۾һãǳλôأϵؼ伫֮һΪôõð뵱ҲûŪأңƾڵʣһұֱӻһ𣡡

㶣ǣ˵쾧ô
˵ǵͼ쾧
ϼҧгһһٵĺ˳
ͼ쾧
ֻˮϵģ
ǿһ
⡭ʦΪֻǣˮϵģ
ƾЩ벻ˣɻĿˡ
㻹Ϊʾ쾧˰
ֱһۣųҩԽе͵Ļͼ쾧һԳɻң
ԭ
˵ĽͣڲˣϵĿƣԣϵ쾧
ǣҪȥ쾧أ
ôãû쾧Ĵڣڣ㣬쾧û쾧Ҳǰ״
ߣ
һȻŻ˵ţ쾧ؼһЩµĵ򣬱˵򣬵֮Упܴڻϵ쾧ˮϵϵģȻͻһЩѩ֮
ѩ֮أ
üͷһأѵǸطȻڱϵ쾧
ôһ˵᰹ҲЩıѩ֮ǣţгѩÿնдѩƮɣʱ֮ʱôţʱһ룬ʱһ
š
˷Ƶ֮󣬷ϸ˸룬˵ʵĻѩ֮ǵĵ֮ڣаٷ֮ʮļʴűϵ쾧
˺ܿжϣƵĺҲȻļ৵һ£վ
²˳٣͸ȥѩ֮ǣ
ͨߣǾ£ң˵ӵ쾧ߣǻҪʤһңһ쾧ôܾƱֻ󻡶ȵǾͲһֱˣ
ԣһ쾧ƱǼ
ȵȡ
ϿڽסɻĿ⣬˿ڽ͵˵ǿϵ쾧ضͽ׵쾧ôһζҩ»㰡

һ㶣ҩҩ֮⻹ѹס
ҩȻѹסûԵҩԵͣС壬ܳܵסô
ϲޱһۡ
Ҫô죿
ƲЩй۰Ͱ͵Ŀˡ
⵹Ҳʲô£ֻҪһЩ͵ҩѣҼ¡
󣬷˵һѵƫ뺮Եҩơ
ЩҩӦҲںĵȥǸѩ֮ռռǣûд֮ǰɲҪðȻ£
ָһѾ
ţ
ҲǱ֤һȻļǶ˵ĸ룬ǷϵģһУֻҪڣպŪ쾧ô


69 
ڱѩ֮ҲٱߣԣҲýѵʱ仨ڸ·ϣңһ·ħɽ˹ȥ֮ǰͱ˰ããһƬ
̹ǣۿȥؼһƬѩףлƮŶëСѩϵյ¶һ˿Ҳδܴ˵һ㡣

ڽӽѩ֮ǵԭΪ䣬ѩл£Ϊµĺѩһ㣬ǹɺڶõķæתԪŽȥ
ǰУڵͻ䣬õķʱͶ½
˵־㲻жõĻ£Ӧûʲô˻ܵĸоȻȴЩȻ֣Դ̤Ƭѩ֮ҩ֮ϵöҩȻɢһɼõӣһ¾ͱůģ̹
΢΢һ£Ƶǰѩץ˼ѣ죬κ󣬷ŻȻӦɣ
ţûڵ⣬ıϵԪȽŨڣԣҩȻˡ
ָ֮УϵЦ
ԭˡ
΢΢˵ͷһϵǼƷһҩʦۣȻŲԶĳлȥ
𽥵߽УΧ·ҲԽԽЩ·ˣӴ඼źƤеźƤñֻʣһ¶棬ż·ŮӣȻıЩҪһЩŮӣǵŮǰ㺬ߣһů͵ƤϲϵŵΧҲһ˵ζ顣
Щ·˼ŷһҩʦӣͶԾηĿ⣬׷ÿֵļΪһ·ϻһЩɫΪŮӶۣ̣Զ
һ·ҲĸΣû뵽ŮӾȻĴ󵨣죬̧ͷѾܹģرѩУֻǳϷ˶ı壬ڳǽ֮ϣԶԶȥ£Ȼ߲֮⣬ǿ
ǡ
һ䣬ЦЦſڴ
ڳſڴʮĺ׵ʿֳֳǹߺŽǵ·˽˰Щʿǲ˺䣬ȫװģ΢ЩȻķôȳִͳлҪɭһЩ
ΪɭԵʣЩڴ˵ʿҲΪ컹վڶе꣬һĺϵشߴųŴ·ˡ
ſڣŴЩʿܳغ΢΢üͷҡҡͷȻֱ߽У½ϣҩʦŹһְҵЩŴĽǷѽɣͬǱȥȻһҩʦҲܻںǮӣȴǵĵȷȷõҩʦΪá
ǣСӣûднɡ
ˣֱų߽ķƣһʿ۾ʱһɣȻĺδȫ£߱˷Ϊµҩʦۣ̣ڵͱȥŭݱתĵЦݣˣҪǣ
š
ŲûֹסƻʿƳһۣȻŸЩµĻԹԵĶųȥ

ûǰĵʿϸһĨңһĭæתˣѩ֮ЩѩԳУҪһЩ
Ų΢õһϢ΢΢˵ͷȻλʧڳǽͨڵĺڰ֮С
꣬군ˣҪǱ֪ӵһƼ߽׵ҩʦҶ˲Ź֡
ŷʧıӰʿų׵ĺһĨһ亹ٴλصԼĸλΪǰһͨţҲٺҵĳŽǵ·˺
߳Щ谵ĳǽͨ΢΢һ߱ѩɫĳнȺҰ֮УһģЩŹֵķݽõ÷Щ۽硣
վڽֵ֮ϣĿĴɨƬ̺ЩȻʵʦƺûҩʦᰡȥռЩҩأ
⻹Ҫҽ̣ѵûзҩô
ָ֮Уεĳ
Ŷ
εЦЦƸЦҲˣҲҩ۵ġ
ҲǷҩһʱ䣬˻СеĴˡ
ȥռ취
ϽЩҩѩ֮ӦҲΪģˣԼȥҰɣмǣûռȫͲҪ쾧
Ŵӷдһεص˵ͷ̾һ˳סһ·ˣҪʵλڡ
ס·ˣʼɫ΢ЩͣƵ÷ŵҩʦۺϵĲæΪĸָ˷еλãڷƸл֮ʱ˻ΪеĽе״Ĵ˵һ顣
·˵лƿ˿Լϵҩʦۣ΢΢̾ҡҡͷò˵ҩʦۣʵ̫ˡ
и̾һƿٵתֽǣȻ·˵ıǷзȥ


70 ֵ
ѩĳУǼ죬ﶼǴѩƬ򣬶һƬѩףǺҹҲǰããһƬʱûճ֣Էǰ绹Ǻҹ
ʢһʱıѩ֮ǣȻѾįˣҲһЩ˹ѩ
ڲ˰֮һƬֵķУǳ˷֮ڣĿЩɨɨ΢Щȣĵ̻ҩΪǣֻҩ̶ѡ
дż־ȣȺ߽֮ڣһ¶ֻҩʦۣÿһ
ǵı֣ǲźۼ̧ͷѡһĴҩ̣˽ȥ
ҩڲ̫ڷöħɢĵ⣬ҩյΪĿЩҩɨƱǿм˵ҩڣһԵҩ˹ȥ
һѡѡһЩɫĺõģҩϰֺ֮£Լͳļ۸ȡʮ˵ҩ
ҩ̣Ʋٴθ̾ҩʦݣʵ̫ˣĶǳͨ衣
ţ˼ҩ̣ջʮʮ겻һҩõò˵ж
ָҩһЩͨҩԣЩеҩҲǱȽϳֻϡҩķЩѾѰʮҩ̣Ҳûһϡ伶ҩ
й˸飬ҲЩҩռ߰˰ˣֻʮûռˡ
һ󰡣
һҩ˳Ƴ̾˿ҡҡͷŷȥ
ֻгѰˣ
ųıԭɽƵüͷ塣
ֽʵΪ߸߽ףƾڵľ뱼ȭʦн׵ħޣҲа취֮ɱǣҪѰҵϡ伶ҩҲ˵Ҫ뵽ԭȥ
дʦħ޺Уң鼶ħҲǲ٣ôһˣĻҲûС
ȵȣ
ͻأģָڴϵԣߣǼСҩڣи˿ǷǳҪٺ٣
Ҫ
ƶ˽Ų΢΢һ㶣ǲ߿˹ȥ
һҴڽ䣬ҲǺΪϾɵҩ̣ΪڵλãֱӶĴڣѣע⵽ȥ
ȥɣǸˣֻж˶ѣΪڻǺаġ
Ͻһ
жа
»Щ⣬˵кô飬Ǳضкô
ҩ̣û˽ˣſҲδɨżȫѩǡ
ˣ
ô
ţһ
ãҲûл
ֱӽȥɣ
ָڣִϵ
֨£
ֻ΢΢ƿϾɵĴţʱһɳʪִҩζ˱Ƕ
ҩ㣬û÷ˬüͷ
棬һƬ谵ֻȴЩ˽һЩҩӣҲΪҵڷڸЩҩϵҩûиɿݣ෴ǲŲժõģһԣڷ¯¯֮ϣһҩӣ¯õҩ޲ʱķݷƹ۲죬ЩŹֵҩζǴҩ֮С
Ųӣ߽̣ƵĿͣһ֮ǰӰ֮ϡ
ձӰһߣҺΪݣȴǺֱ˽Ųһ㣬ͷһֱûתһ˻Ƶʹ˹
ȥﲻ⣡
䵭ҰԵ飬ЯŨŨõķ΢΢һ
Ȼ򵥣
û˳ȥڵǵǣ˶ԼˣԼô
Դҩʦ̬ȣ
Ʋ̲Ļһ䣬ֱһҩȥһҩڱǼᣬ˴üͷ
û´ӦжˣңֶʻԣԣЩҩѹڵĻ𶾣˵˵ĶԲԣ
תԵĿѡҩĵֱ۲ɲĲһɨһЩҩϵҩʱǱ
Ϊһϡҩڣ
ȻҩҪģǣӲҲܿĳߣʵԭ
㹻ˣ
תŲϵףҲΪݣ˫ȥǣ˫ȴǼΪԿóĲ֮
ɨ˷ϵҩʦۣüͷ΢΢ǿ˷ö֮һٴεתȥǰҩ


71 һ
߰ɣﲻӦýĵط
˻ƵǰĮֻһ档
ȻҩʦһЧ
Ŷô϶Ҳܽеȶ
ǿߣֱǴ֮ҲסӣüͷһľʣȥȤĿǵҩĵıӰ
ߣһССĻƼҩʦС
ֱֲƼҩʦζ
󲻴ǵ㶾Ѳң
ƳֱӶȥ
ǣ
ǰҩֱӿȥҩϵҩȫɢڵء
㾿˭
أȻתһץһƣȳĴǣͺһ£õҩڶʱȥߵĿɭĶŷƣһƣߵɢֱٷơ
˻
ƣƼֱͿϢ˹ȥ˫ĿԲɣܲ˼Ŀͷ
ƣѾĽܳƽˣҲ˵飡
⻹о綾ֳ֮ʵ
˵˭ģ
΢΢һЩƣ̬ȴǺΪ䣬ˣ
ܸоŹֵ߲ڿЦоĻԼ֣ķӦ̬ȣɻ
ᣬҲʶֻǡ·˵أӦڵĶشڶѣԡðĽ
ŷӦ˾ҵߣվ̯̯֣Ҳûʲô˼ֻҽĶҸæΣ
ҵĶ
ôһ˵ֿһҩʦۣ߲Żķ˵⣬ҲЦһƾƼҩʦô
˿Լı֮⣬ֱ¶˳Ҳµơ
ҿɲֻǻƼҩʦŶ
΢΢˿üͷһֻڵũҩ䣬鵤ζһҩԣֱӾʹָŷ˳
ҩ¶ҩʦ
ŷֵָֻƵİҩԣ̲סЩĺƽСӣû뵽ҲЩӣǣҵĶɲӵҩʦܽģ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦȻˣǰӦҩʦ䣬ô϶ҽⲻĶңжֻһӵҩʦأ
㾿˭
Խ֤Լܽⶾ߾Խǻţһͷ׷޷ԶԪ
ٴα߻ɣƲһ㵣üͷû뵽ͷȻ˵ĹŹ֣ģֱǽԼ֮Դˡ
ɣԼҩʦۣŹֵͷǻֱɱԼҲ˵
д
ԼĺģαɣʵõķҲЩջˡ
ߣȻˣԼİҩɣҾͲˣ
ϵЦҲεĵ粽ͳſȥ
ֱſڣ߿ıӰĿ˼Σһ촽ʲô˼Ϊ
ǣ
ƶʱͱˣԼ߻ˣ
תŲϼݵϸֳļЦݣɫֱȥ
ƲƲ죬ƲҪʲôȻҪߵʵԼҲ˵ļ̤ԼϣҡҡͷҲ־˴š
ȵȣ
ֻһ߾һĵ˷Ƶȥ·ϣһֻͬӥצһƣֻһѣƱ㲻˽ûаķٴκ˴š
Ȼǿ˹
ƵԲ۾ǰߣһƬ𺳡
ĲʲӰӰħˣ
һ˫˸˸ٴɨ˷һ飬ŭɫǲŻķ
Ӱħ
ϵŭΪ˲죬ãԼĿǳⰵӰħˣ
ûȻϲԼΪ
һϵԪҲǸӵĿ˿ƣ䣬üͷǴ˴أܽеȶ
Ҳɣ
ʼ磬ϾˣƢģȻҲ⣬αȣк͹ˡ
Ҳ
һ㶣ҲǷӦ˹
飬Լ
ţ
ߴ˴ƤСλСѣ֮ܽһǷһΣ
һ飿
ǽеĲԳƻߣȵȣջһֱ֮Ӿ¶˳
Ĺ֮գ
Ȼʶλ˭ջҲ˵ǰǧ˿Ƶϵ


72 һ걣
ôһ黹ô
ƾþòüͷ
ǲǰҲ˵ˣֻҪҸæѡ
ŻǽŵģЦЦҲдߵȥңһЦĿ
ΣһڣܴԼԭѰҩѡ
æ
۾һУɫǲȻȴȥ˼죬ʵʲôæ

ǾģƿЦҡҡͷҪȥԭѰҼҩǣҲˣҲΪѣԣҵҪǣһʱѡ
ԭ
ԣһ㶣ЩȻĿŷƣô򵥣
ҪʲôҪأ
һۣЩʵķһ䡣

һ㵣̬ϱǷһ˿ɼĺΡ
Դⶾ֮ʵǱ̫ˣңҲĶ
ֻҪ֮ܽҪҴӦˣ
ҲЩٵĴӦһ˫ҲǺڴĶŷơ
ãô˵ˣ
ҲٵģҲˬĴӦܷҰ
ã
粽ڷƶ棬һ֣˹
ָͷĴ֮ϣüͻĴ£˺ֱӾͱˡ֡
ô
ƵģҲЩţС֡
ţ
ջֱۣһᣬˡֱԣеⶾɷǳĲһ㰡Ǻ£
Ǻǣ
Цһϲɵĸֳһ˿įʱһǿߣһĺˡ
վǲаҲһ»ͷˡ
վЩĵĳŻ¯߳˻ƵЩ䣬û£߰ɣҲ㡣

գ۾ԾסˣڻҲû˵ܽĶ
ţ
ŵĻ춸ȻסӣתһЦӯӯķƣֱӾѿڶܵģҹ߽׵ҩʦλʦûа취ôܣ
֮⣬Լ֮пǵؼҩҲ˵ҪؼҩʦУ
Ǻǣ
΢ЦҡҡͷҿԶ϶ⶾǵؼҩҸղ̽飬еĶһ߽׵ⶾҩֶһԶҩһʱ佫˶ɱһȶͻ֮ڣĺ濾ھֱվŻֹͣԣ׼ЩԵҩѹⶾҩٶȣǣֻһ취ѣȻȶķٶȣǣֻӳʹѡ
㡭ܽ⣿
һϯҲЩɪ촽һһģΪ
Ȼܽ⣡
˳Ŀ⣬Ƶ˵ͷҲµûĻȶҲʮ˰ɣ
û
˹ڷƶ棬Ҳ̹϶ˡ
ǰ꣬ƽĺ˳Ҳ޷ƽˡ
꣬Ȼһλ߽׵ҩʦ
뵽⣬²һ᰹۷ҩʦҲҵĹһλн׵ҩʦѣΪⶾؽһλ߽׵ҩʦǶԴ޲ߣҲ˵Ȼǰ꣬ȻֻǴ˴˵һβ
Ϊʱ̫ãȻһֱȡҩѹƣͬʱҲ£ȶصĸѾ֮ڣԣҪ볹׵ĸȴҪܳһʱС
ǽһҲЩ죬ȶͬȶúҩȻѹƣȴܸΣҪΣø֮ҩҩ֮ĳҩþ֮Уҩԣȶֻʱѡ
ܳʱ䣿Ŷã
˽ȭͷԼڵĶҲЩ˽⣬ֻҪܸΣʱ䣬Ѿʮ˵ʲô
šҴŵĹһһ֮ڣӦþܸ
ϣĿע֮£˵˸ȫܽܵʱ
ãܴʦݣһǣ
˵䣬ҲһɫֱԣҲֱӽƳΪʦ
Ǻǣ
Ҳĵϲãǰߵķ˵յʵڼ
ڣǿվ᰹۷崦ǿˣһһʱ֮ڣǿΪڸԣеϲǼӴࡣ
°ȫˣ


73 Գ춯
ѩƮĵؼ䣬ããһƬû֪ΪƬƺ᰹ʼѾһƬ֮ˡ
ң֮㣬ĸ᰹ǿЩ߶ѣȻ˵⼸ıԭʵҲ˵Ĺأħɽһĸ˵ħɽԼأ
ͬУһֱĸҲû˶йľףϾǱԭħɽʵ˵ħ޵ĵ̣
ħޣǱԭħɽˣ

ϾɵҩڣһһԶ

ˣͽлϰɣ
ҲԵüΪơ
ţϡ
Ҳֱ˳ǾͿʼⶾɣ
ã
ɫһϲһֻ֣ڷǰ
ֻǴָƱ۾ɫҲһũҩ֮ϵĻҩǻζһͨͬҽһȵҩԣ˳ֱָۣ뵽˻ڡ
ߣ
ҩ壬ʱƺһһŲ԰׵ϣֳЩ졣
ͨͬҽҩԣһһ㣬һ뵽ھͱҲͨ죬ЩԵҩԣڵһʱ䣬ȫˣȶû˹ǣ׷ð˳
ǣȴǵľǻգֻһ˲䣬ͻΪޣʧ١
ʱ󡭡
Σ
һ۾Ǽһ΢ЦĿ
⡭
΢΢ӣӶȻסţӿһ޷ľϲ֮ɫһΣôࣿ
ֱӸоڵȶѾ߰˰ˡ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷѾЩ¶Ĵ󲿷ֶˣֻΣ¶ľȫǡ
Ҷ
˰֣ʱ䲻⣬ֻҪܽЩȶͳɣ
ΣоȶǱѹƣǳ׵׵ıˣû뵽껹ܽԼѲȶ

ͬιǵУɨƽһУǣ̹ǵĺ֮УӰ߽Щһӽ˼׿⣬ޣ߾缤еʯܺͣȴҲӰ첻˿
ֻʩһΣǳ׵ף꣬ȷܽԼ֮
һ꣬˵˵Ҳ̣ǣѾڵ˵Ⲣʲôң⼸յദԽǸоǰ꣬˾һһ̽ס
ʮ꣬ȻһλҩʦңѾ߸߽ףˣǷҲǶ֣ǣȴһƫԶСС
Ҳ
߲п¶ǷңҲŨȤ
һ·ֱԭһ·ϣѾαԳϮߵʦĽУлڣԷǵʵ·
ԽԳûľ͸ΪƽˣڣѾʮˡ
֣
ֽ۽һͷԳҲüͷͶ˱ԭĿоâãջĿ⡣
ϣôˣ
ԳָƱǿվԭ㿪һ䡣
ûʲô¡
ҡҡͷЩӣڷƵĵ£ɫҲ𽥵Ļָ˹һ̬ʵҲǻָ࣬۷Ҳеġ
ֻǣЩԳƺЩ
˴üͷٴɻԭ

ԣ΢΢һ㶣˽֮ʱǸʿ˵Ҳ˵ˣʱ䣬ԳЩ
쾧Ūİɣ
˳ŻĿ⿴˹ȥƱǿԶ֮һɽһϵ£ԵЩҫۣΪӨ
ǱԭɽͬһıɽɽȫǱɣɢ̹ǵĺ⣬Ӱ쵽˵ĻҲ˵ɽƬԭ֮ء
ҲԽԽˡ
ļϵ伯ѩ˵һ䡣
ԽԽ䣿
һ۾
üһǿ쾧Ӧǽˣ
ϵֱԺ
ˣ
²ûоϲǵ˾䣬ʦһĿô
ѵ˼أҲǶֽ࣬ʣֻܳСͷģڴͷģȥǿǻ˵ġ
ƾҩҩԣƴһƴģǣ͵ҩҪһˣ
΢΢һŴ˵
Ҫҩ
һ㶡
ûǰ״ݵģֱʮ
ϲޱӵ˵һ䡣


74 
ǰóҩҩӦûˣǣôһӵҩԣӦûѹƲסҪһЩҩĲа
ЩصƵԺ֮С
ѹƲסǲҪԵҩˣ
㶣˼ʵ
ûѾ˼Ʒϡ伶ĻֻҪһЩԵͨҩˣ٣ûм쾧֮ǰҲû취һ׼ȷ׼ԽԽãϾʣ࣬ˣǿǻỵµģ
һ󣬾ûٳԶһƬƽԭƴ˴üͷǷһ˿⡣
ԭϣԵҩȥ
Ŵӱǳеҩ̣ҲȥǣȴһԵҩҲûмɼԭ򣬵ȷǲܴԵҩ
з࣬ҲǺް취ϾѩҲֻԼŶѡ
ϡ
һ
ôˣ
ŷϵĿ⣬ʱɻˣײһɫͱˡ
ϣʵڲҪȥժԵҩˡ
ҡͷЦһ
Ҫˣ
һ㶣ŷǲڿЦģ΢΢ʼ磬ν˵Ǿͻȥɡ
ȥ
ҡҡͷ˵ҪȥĳйԵҩȻҪ˵أ
ҩ
˴üͷ۾ѵʦҩͣ쾧
֪쾧
ԣһĿ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦĿٴοԶɽҺôҲԭϴʮ꣬ⶼǲǰ׻ˡ
ЦЦֵûĻЩӱԳ춯½Ӧöǿ쾧Ĺ
ˣ
ɨɨƣʦǱϵʣ
Ϊԣ
ǡ
ҡҡͷǣа취쾧
Ǳϵϵ쾧
ڷ˵ֱӵԲ۾һ㵵Ŀ
ͨߣǲ쾧ģߣҲܹԵ쾧ѣǲͬԵģʵ䷴ıκμˣǳʶ
Ǻǣ쾧£ϾͲõˡ
ǣתǳűԭȥ
ҲʴΨһôˣκԵ쾧̵£ǲͬԵģҲܽͬ
⡭
챻ģסˣ˴³СӣѵǸ
Ψйܽһˡ
˻ͷûж룬Ǹȥ
ƿΨһľˣֱӾڷϣһڷƳ£һֽǰúҩѹƣǻȶ֮¡

߳˱򣬷ȴ֪ĸˣֻ졣
Ǻǡ
ЦЦʦҪʲôҩأ
ԵģֻҪԵľУԽԽã
ƽϵԭ˵˳
΢΢㶣һЦǾͺðˣдĿǣʦǾһ·£㿴ô
УӦܾ˰ɣ
Ƴһᣬãͻϴ·ˣ
ţ
˵ͷ·ʵ̫ˣһ̰ɡ
䣬һɿֲϢݵڱŷ
꣡꣡
һ˫׵˫չ鼶ǿߣܿʼյԪ۵ķ˫
½ϣҪطУֻ鼶ϵǿߣпܽж̾ķУʵ֮󣬱ŵԪڱ۳˫Ӷʹܹ뿪ص
УúܶȻĶջΪ׷ջ󣬺ܶǿߣǰͺ̵ĶǸ߲ʵ鼶ŬţԴгһܹ
Գɫ˫Ҳܿó죬һλԵߣԣ൱
Ǻǣ
ŷĽĿ⣬΢΢չգˣ
קƵһֱۣ˫৵һչӱͳ˲ûƲ֮С
ķˣ
Žµľ󣬷Ʋ޼ʱ֪Ϊ˶ʵˣʣ˭˲ɵķ裬Ӳɣ
Ǻǣڴʦ˵ǳ£
ЦһĿһ˿ӡ
̫ĪˣҲ֪ǺǻЩദãǸˣԣҲԸΪ䱼
ţ
ƽ˽ȭͷĿһƬᶨ
ʱѾȥһˣʱ䣬ҪԵģܻһ鼶ıߣ


75 
ҹ֮УһŶ߿֮ϣ½䡣
ĿҲһȵĴ󿤣ӵŴССʮУ˾ǸߵļС
ڻЯ£ѾѹдССҩˣջȴǺ룬лڣҲ˷̫ʱա
һУϦǣ
˵һ䡣
Ϧǣ
ԣĿһ˿˼֮ɫһμǸ˳
ϦǣڷƺСʱΣΪĸףأǹϦ֮ˣ糾֮ʱ·˳ǣʶҲҸĽһ
벻֮УȻˡ
ƵһҲһ˿
ļ䵱У⹫ˣͦģǸʱҲر⹫
һ壬˱һʵ֮ϣһԶĳУ˿֮󣬲ŻתһԵΪɫЩķƣ΢΢һ㶣ʵôˣ
УΡ
΢΢һЦĸ׵ļ壬ǹϦڵң
Ŷ
üͷһĿһ˿ϲ⣬ЦȻˣһҪһͬȥݷðݷˡ
ôһͻԿ϶Ƶȷ᰹֮ˣ
ǺǣȻ
ԣЦŵ˵ͷ
߰ɡ
ЦЦǳŹϦȥ
š
΢΢ͷȥ
СǣȻûʲôǷѣȻУҩʦۣҲǰ״ġ
չ˳ڷеҩ̣ƽָǶ˼ʮԵͨҩȻ⣬Ҳջˡ
Ǻǣ߰ɣϡ
ĻЦЦֵ˵ҩʦϵĻҳŻ촩ֵżϤׯ԰ȥ
ƹ˼ֵһ֮󣬷°΢̧ǿڽֵͷһӴׯ԰
˫΢УǰȽյĴţüͷȴ΢΢壬֪ΪΣǾƺЩ̫Ծ
ǰ˴УΪ֣ڣֵ֮ϣһƬңΧƺҲĹţһ΢紵ŵĸо
е㲻ԾôŹˣ
üͷһ䣬ƽµٶҲǼӿࡣ
Ҳע⵽ЩɨһΧüͷҲȻû˵ĸԡ
һ·ƵɫǱվĴ⣬ϵһ´СĽӡҫ۾Ϊۡ
һƿ첽ţһֻ˴š
ˣ
ãûӦ෴һЩϤϤõĻ۾Ҳ
֨£
ţͻأľͱһС϶һ˾ǹǷ϶ֱ˳ֱȡƵĺû˿ֵ˼
ߣ
ɫһǳڷ࣬˫֮Ԫ˲ӿֶקųǹ˳ƾһʱһ΢죬һӰݺݵĳ˳˴ǹֱӱ˦˳ȥʮĽֵϣ˼ͣ
ৣৣৣ
Ǽ˳ǹ̶ֱ˳ԪһģĳһƣʱȴֱΪľмĴɽصˣҲĵĵ˽ȥ
꣡
ƿһֳһѳЯŨŨԪֱͷ­
֣
Ӱƾ
Ľɢȥɱ⣬ָ㽫³ָ䣬ŨԪ½Ҳû
ǿ߷緶š
˾ˣ
ֳֵָɫǺӣҲǰɵĺһ
ƵĺӲע⵽˷ƵĴڣǰ꣬һµҩʦۣصĻ£ɫ·ΪۣٿţԴϲɫӣĺҲǺ
Ƿưƶ
ǰһץӵһֱֻۣЩĽ͵
ƣ
һ㶣ŷЩϤӣϵɫҲı˾ϲǺƶõĺӣ
ǵľ˾ˡ
ƺݺݵĵͷ
ѾȷӾԼĸ׵׸磬ɣ
ⷬҲɿ˶࿪һһ˫۾ǾɨԺڵˡ
㣿
ɽһӣҲǼĪתͷܣǺƶصĺˣ
صĺӣ
һ׷Ծ͵ˣһȺ˳ĿɨҩʦʱҲмϤףǺƶ
⹫Ǻƶ
иһЩˮ˽ʱӡΪ˻С


76 ̫
⹫ǡ
һƲעǰЩ˾ˣǶȫװģҶһߣŸղŵ͵һ䡣

̾һʱ֮˼ȫһ޾ɵģ
ˣ
ȥɫҲɫ˫ֽץ˵ֱۣʵ⹫ʲô£
һѾ
ɫܿ࣬üͷҲ
ǻǽȥ˵ɡ
ɨɨĽֵȰһ䡣
ã
ʲô͵һ٣ǴӦ
һ߽Ժһܳľ뵽һ֮ڡ
λǡ
£һֱڷԵĻ
һƽĸߣһױȵֱӣڷԱߣһͷǱһ˶ɵĿɲо
Ŷλǻϡ
ѣƲԵߣǿЩҲƽ
᰹ѵڽ˵飿
ϣ
һ
գɲ˭õġ
ٿŷƣһ»ҩʦۣӿһԱļյСһȻΪһλ˵ĻƼ߽ҩʦõɻҴʱ
Ҫ˵ʱһֵʹׯ԰⴫˽õɫ˾ҵı仯
⹫
Ҳסˣվԡ
ˣ
Щҧгݵ˵ţһ˫ھǷŭ֮ɫƺ뵽ʲôҲЩš
˭ˣ
ģҲˣ˵쳣ƺйأ죬֮ϣһĨɫӶ
ߣȥ
ô˵ʶһۻ죬΢ڷƵĲ£ſȥ
ʱĴſڣΪű飬ûü޸ſڣаңźɫĳۣվǰһߣһĲĻ˵Щʲô
ǷѦүӵĿүȥμѦүĻ񣬻ү͸
Ȼǹ֣Ļ˵ȴЩζˣС۾ţˣ֮⣬˿ûڸǣֱӾô¶˳
үӣȻˣǾɣ
ĻЩأв֮⣬õ˶һ࣬޷޵ĵһ˫˫۾ڣҪð
񣿡
ɨһۼһۣĿâһڸȴɻ
һΪҪǿȥأ
ҾҲȥģ
һ߿Ӷţȴޱȵļᶨ
ô
Ŀһ˿мٵЦҲүӣҪˣңɲֹһ˰ƣǻء
в֮⣬Զͣ
㣡
һģֱ̫̫
ʲô̫үӣҿϺͿ˰ɣĳǳѦҵĴӿҵĹŮȢ檣Ҽĸ㲻жҲͰˣһԩӣѵѦӣ䲻ҵĹŮô
С۾һɣЦЦƣһ󷢶վǰţһͳȥˡ
һʲôʸϣ
һΪƵĳ쳹õԭЦϵЦ˲ʱһ˫С۾ź֮ɫ
ǵĿ£Ƴ΢΢һЦ˵ֱۣվ֮ǰһ˿Ц⣬ЩĪļߡ
Ǻǣôѵ˵ˣ
ǣĿâӶֱ
ǵЦĴ֮ϣһȺ˵ͫף΢΢һ£Ŀȥſڴһλžҩʦ۵ЦվţһĨб£պýУһȥһϵЦǰů㡣
ĿɨЦӣȻͣ˫ڵϣȴǲδаЦ⣬һƬĮȻñ䡣
ǺˣȻѰѦҵ£
ķҩʦϵɫ·ƤҲֱһЩݻҲǿѹ˻ȥ
Ƽ߽׵ҩʦһССĹܼҿǲ𰡡
Ѧҵ£
һȺźɫеļʮɨ΢Уתߣ΢Ц
˵ҵĹŮĸ
ЩˣȻʦʮʦҲ߼ݣҼֱ׾١
˫Į㶢סҲо΢ЩڵŤŤӣƫͷЩӵ£΢΢һЩ
ȻҩʦҲӦù£
ŬԼñ鿴Ȼһ㣬


77 ϳ
ִ콵Ϧǵƺ֪ʲô£ֻվԶԶԶǰ
⹫
ƸתͶȥʵĿ⡣

̾һѾͷ
˵ţҲȥھ
飿
һǰǸֳһĨӰ
һС飬ԼкƸСŮӡ̵СŮ˫ӣûһ˿覴ãͬɽȪ
Ǹʱ򣬷ƲŰ꣬ǼС˵ճ˵ЦƵ˵ҪСϱ
뵽ЩƵҲǸֳһ˿Ц
ѵ°ˣ
Ÿղż˵ϵ˿Ц⣬ֱӾתΪŭճ鶯תȥʱѾԵЩ
Ǳˣ
ɭб˳õļ߲Сһ

Ȼһˣʱͱͨ죬ǳ˳飬ô˵Ҫˣ
ǲߵģ
ǰһԪڵľҲζر׾˫ȭۣ֮ǰʡ
ʵıõԶȺƤһ
ʦ
꣬Ȼһʦǿߣ
˲Ƶʵ䣬ҵ˿ĺܣʮ갡
ʮʦǺεȵĳɾͣ
ǻ죬ҲƵıˣʦȻһ߽׵ҩʦɳ
ӳ˳飬ĿҲһĨݣûȥƣǶȻүִⲻȥǾݹҲˣתǶһȺ˺ȵү·
ҩʦǲ𣬵ȴûз
ǣ
һڻһԪӿ߾Χ˹õߵҲǽֵȫУ׼ƴһ
ߣ
ĿһеķתһֱվĻһϣˡ
С£
һֱվԱߣϵȻʱʲôˡ
۾΢΢âӶ
һλ߽׵ҩʦĵλҲˣ뵱Ϊ붯λҩʦǷѾ˾ţ֮ԼڳһλȻĸô
һǵļ߽ҩʦ֮䣬Ȼǵľѡ˺ߣ
˵ע£컺һ
̣
һɺ嫵ƣںȻͬ嫺Ԫͬ˳һ㣬һۿɼϯȫЩѾѦһһǸƼһ㣬û˿أֱӱ׷˳ȥԶѪһ˫˫𺳵ĿȫǿǵϵӰ
ûж֣˾ȫˣ
첢ûͣ¶һֻƺΪݣʣһǼܣѦһǾֵĿ£ֻɿݵƣ͵ıŷһͬһ貵Ĺ
꣡꣡꣡
ϵԪӿӶֱۣԪɨȫƬ̺ſڳǸߴѦһȫټϣֻʣһѪ֤
һĻ˵񾭡
˻
ԶʱʹһǵֱݵıӰжǳ˾η𾪡
ʲôˣˣԶЩˣжˣһ֮£ȫûҲ˵ǰߣֻҪָͷܽϦΪƽء
Сӣ
ɵ˲ңĿⲻľͿҩʦۣж˸żĹâ
꣬ıһУ
㣡
ΨһʣµģǸѦҹܼˣ˫С۾ŬĵԲţֵĿŻ죬þ˵
ǵʲôˣ
ܺýңȴðһһУͽԼѦҾѾ޷ǰλߣѾǵĸˡ
Ȼ𺳵ȴҲһ׼Ҳֵ˽⵽ڵĿֲ֮˿ǰţƬ̺˵ע£վ˼ǰŶ˽Ųǳ˳ƺ¶һЦݣʵģ

ţһĭͷ֮ϣ亹˳յ£̧ͷŵЦӣһԶƵóǺ⣬ӽĴõ紦ѡ
һ̣ܵϢԼ֮ǰǹӿĿ־塣
ԼڲܶǸ֪ǳĿֲһֱԼһ֪Լһղŵһ㣬Ҳʣ¡


78 ĳѦ
ȫž˵ĿⶼǼڣǵžҩʦ۵ϣڻֺ󣬼˶֪Ѿˡ
ѦңҪùˣ
ǿߣһĲң
㣡ôң
ѦҵĹܼңߣȻûĿڣȻΥǳѦҡ
Ҫ֪ǳһְܵĿʿˣԵ鵲ǰһ
꣡
һâֱӶĴȣѪС
󣬴ʦ
һɫҰ׵罩ʬ亹͸ֻƬʱ䣬ϵǼۣˮһ㡣
ڻѹ£ˣҲףǰߵΪԳѦҵļн׵Ѧܶ࣬ң˼ҲѦҷ
شҵ⣬أ
΢ƫͷȻЦЦΪʵ
ԣ΢΢һǶīĮӣ£ԴæͷΪ־壬΢Щ񣺡ѦڴĳѦ
ŶôȥѦģ
ЦЦЦݣȻգȴȻõ
Ѧ٣Ѧ·ϦǣżǸСŮȻǿȥˣ
ѾƵˡ
ŶѦ룿ǿȥˣ
ƵһĨɭûбô
ûУûôѦүӽүǰȥŻлѦңǺҪӵģ
æ͵
ܺã
ȻϵЦݣһɫͬһ㣬ֱתȥ߿ѦĹܼңͱһɭİâڣһҽУֱӱʳƬ
Ѧһ˱ɱϵգȻ䰲ѻȸ
Ҫȥĳô
ڷӹϦǵĳǣ·ĻҪʱңǷеĻһʱͿɵ
΢΢˵ͷתͷĿͶעһǵϡ
⹫ȥĳѦһˡ
ȻѦҹܼ˵û£ǷȴһֱĲ£ܸоʲôһġ
ȥѦô
ԣüͷ󣬲΢ĵ˵ͷѵСһ㣬ѦұϾǴĳǳƹȨҪǱƼˡ
ġ
΢Цŵ˵ͷƲתһԵĻ˵ͷ
أ
һ˫׵˫ӻȶŷƣ˻գϦ˶ǿһĻǵԲ۾
ˣ
·ЦŰ˰֣˫񶯣λΪһ⣬Ѹʧ֮ߡ

ĳǣΪĿĿǣϲҲ᰹һ󿤣ĳ֮УȻҲļ壬ǣǿģȻǷƴеĿ꣬Ѧң
ѦѾʮĴĳǳ֮λڴĿҲ𽥵γ˰Ե¢ϣĳ֮Уٷ֮ʮĲҵѦУټÿ侧ǽѦԽԽʣ˵ƾЩļʮ侧ѦҶѳ鼶ǿߣһѦҼѦѦѾӵ鼶ǿ
ԣ޼ɵķչ֮£ѦҵǳΪĿڴĳڻǣѦͽΧŵȥˡ
ʹˣУī鼶ǿߣҲȵĽѹ£ٲȻһռͷİ̬

һҹУ𽥵Ľӽ˴ĳǵķΧ֮ϵ±滻֮һΪӴĳǳߵľͷ֮£ңԶ֮ӴĳУһͷڵԶһ㡣
ˣڴĳ֮⼸״˵Ϣ֮˱ǳŴĳǻȥ
λ֮յǿߣƶѦҲ޾֮⡣
һҩʦۣſڵıʿȻ·ڱʿηĿ⣬ͨһЩڶĳǽͨ󣬱ǽ뵽˴ĳ֮ڣһɼֵķҲǿʼ˶䡣
ۿȥһӴڲУȻ˷Ƶ֮ڣվڳǽڣ̧ͷЩֵ飬ΪԼֵ֮Ʋɵ̾һԼ̶ȣѾͬΪǵĳࡣ
վڽֵϣ౻ͻЩʹĶ䣬ȴǷһĨεƣ̫ѨתͷһɫҲЩ׵Ļ˵ϣҸطȽⶾЪϢһ£Ȼ˳Ѧҵõ鱨ɣ
֪ѦһڵȴȺҵĳԣʱҲ¡
ţҲá
ԣ΢΢˵ͷûнⶾˣҲоڵȶڴ·̣ΪڣҲеԲ
ͷƱнֵȻ˳ǰš


79 ŵ
һ·߹ΧЩۻҵ̣õ÷ĸǣһֵ֮죬ͷŻ˵ϣҸղŹ۲죬ֵܹʮҵ̣оʮһҵ̵ҶϣдһѦ֣˿ĳڵ̴󲿷ֻǹѦУҼ֮һѦڴĳڣܰԵ
ڳǣȻҲǲҲû˵һѹңңҶҪġ
ţȷˡ
ĿΧһȦ˵ͷѦѾռ˳֮λʮˣЩ侧һλǿҲʲô¡
˵䣬üͷҲ΢΢˵һһҶΣƱؽ֮ٻǣӰطϵƽ⣬ǣʱѦѾԶңȴû˿ı̬ԴˣҲǸеɻ󲻽⣬ѵûע⵽㣿
ʮꣿ
һ㶣üϣǸνأ
ˣȻٹ̵ѦҰεƱػ𲻱ҪĶֻš
Ҹطס˵
΢΢˵š
ţҲá
ƱǷڣѦһܷˡ
΢΢һЦ̧ͷɨһ۽ֵѰһҲĿջǰУԶȴǴ֮
ƫͷȴǿԶλ￥ŮԼɱ;Ļҳһֵߵ̣ǷŭĿλӰ֮еŭʱǿеȥ
λģһλŮŮһ׽£ĺõ˱쾡¡
ŮҲΪСɣֻĶ棬һħĻιΣ΢΢ζ䣬ΪżٽϢ˼
һȺˣŮĴ£ûֵΪŻٶȣ෴ģе޸߸𣬸ǼӿٶȣֱӾôȺ֮кֱײõ·˽п಻ˣֱӾͲЩ֮¡
વ𽥵Զȥʱ򣬽ֵϲһЩá޺ЩڴһȺѦҷεĻ֮Щá֮𽥵ıȥ
ЩĻһɷĶŸղŽ׵ļˣһȭ֮󣬲ֵ½뵽˸Եĵ֮ڡ
ѦҵС㣿
ŸղŵĵҲ۾һĻ֮ǲźۼ
£ѦҲˣ
Ϳջ
˴ĳһĿջס£ȣȻȸⶾһȦľͺ࣬ڵöҩǰһǵûм٣ϵĻҩԸŨ˼֡
Ϊȶҩԣ

쳤һڴ۾һĨһͷһЦķƣΪп
ʦ
ỽһʦɲ⣬Ӧò߽ҩʦô򵥰ɣ
ЩоǹҩԵǿȣҽѾҲȫֵסãڽⶾУжĵĻȫҩԣԼոɾԣԷѾȫΡ
Ŷ
΢һЦǺǣҲӦĵڣȷֻ߽׵ĵزѣûаٰ
鵤ҩԣȷֻ߽׵ľ磬ǣöɳҩҩ۶ɵĻ𵤣һĴڣԣһöؼʵ
š
˵ͷһ·ϣƴ߶ҩԻָȻˣģϵֱӽסΪ㵵Ŀŷơ
ֻǣ
಻Ϊصһſںѵʦֽ鵤ѣ
Ǻǡ
һЦش
⡭
ŻǺΪ۵ӣĺȻ伱żٵķ˼ΣŽеѹŷϵЦ⣬ĿһĨӡ
Ϸģʼ᰹һԱ
ȻеĹǣǳһЦ
ˡ
컺վĿһƬϣֱһ΢΢䡣
ϣʹð
ҲæҵվĿֻҡ
дʦ᰹᰹֮
켤ˣԣҲѹƲסеһλؼҩʦǳλڴ½ϵλá
ϣҪ
Ҳû뵽˵ʧ̬ǲ¶һЩЦϰұܲǰ
ʦģҾڶ͸¶
㲻÷ѣ춼֪һһλؼҩʦ᰹ǿƱػӵǸʱ᰹ð


80 Ӱ
ҹĻڵ֮ϣȺ貣һ㵭ԡ
ѦԺڣһ΢ڣӰԶ
Ѧĳǣ㾭ӪĲ
˵ģľϵģһź۵ӣܳЩɭ֮ϣҲơ
ȫʹĹͣ
һͷ԰׵ͷһɫĻΣѦҼѦ񣬴ĿǴʱȴһά֮ҲֺõЦ⡣
ٺ٣˵
ĺЦӺ´˳ѦŻĴ˿
Ѧ֮ˣҪҪν㡣
˵ţһֻںڵֱ۴Ǻ֮˳һ龧Ө͸侧͵ϣڻ谵ĵƹ£ҲǼΪۡ
ʮ侧֮
ѦǺڸǵ̰֮ɫ˸ԵõҲߵࡣ
лʹʹͣ
һһĽ侧ָѦվһϵףԱ΢ǵͷȥʱĿУȴһĨ񶾡
ֻҪĳЧȻ㣬ˣĿľˣ
˰˰ڿ䣬š
Ǻǡ
ԣѦҲֱӣֽĿľѾܷչ򣬸ְȫѦҵŵΣҲ˵ӣֻѦҵĺĺҵĺ
ܺãƯѦΪһ󹦰
ҲһЩϲ⣬˻ŵʵҪ
ʹ뽲
Ѧһϵɫȴû˿ĸı䡣
ģ˵ҵĹӲҪôǰףˣǣϣܽĳдСȫȻ󣬽ⶫھˮ棬ҵ˼ô
˴óһƿķм䣬Ըģ͸ǰʱóһѵƿɭԸģһԻȫö
Ŷ
Ѧ۾һǶҩ
š
Щĵ˵ͷĵ£ⶾɲͨĶڣҲⲻˣ᰹ûܽⶾ
˵ⶾ
ʹģһհģ
һ֣Ѧϵƿƿ޹۽΢΢УǱ΢̬֮
ܺã
˸ߺһеڶ飬ռң˵ɣ
š
Ѧ˵ͷ
ֽѦѾ鼶ǿߣΪĳЩԭ򣬲ɳҪһȥԮռҡ
һֻڵƣһںڵĶָƣ⣬û̬ȫ

ѦĿһ˿У¼ҾɳѦǰȥ
ܺã
վ£Ľٷһ
лʹߣ
ԣѦʱϲ
Ժҵű򿪣Ʈ˳ȥãڵһǽڱ򿪣Ѧ˽ȥǽٴαϡ
ڵ棬ڷһȭͷСħħɢӨӨ֮⣬ܿ滹ˡ

Ѧվе
ţ
ʱѦѲǸ΢̬֮һ£۾΢УԵüΪֱߵλ£ɨһۣŻ˵ղŰӰħǸһ˵Ƕ˰ɣ
ʱ˵ʱֱüһݣȫûиղǸū
ˡ
Ҳӽ꣬ѦǿߣѦѦ
˵˵£ǰ죬ǲ죿
ѦϵĲ豭Сһڣųʵ

ŰѦ˴üͷʼʱͻڣ
ҪܳһʱС
ѦҲŽ߽ʱ䣬˵ҲҪʮҲܽڣǣ侧Ķѳʱһ룡
ŶǾ˵ֻҪʱ䣬ܽˣ
Ѧ죬ѦĿжǳžϲ֮ɫ
š
ѦҲ΢΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
úң꣬ڣǺֳˣ
ռҺҽɽ꣬Ҳǻˣ
ԵöЩ
˵磬һˣҲʲôˣ
ѦֱۣڵǣҲһӲͷûн֮ǰ
ףȻǻýӰħ̵ƶԿңԣ£Ҫ
Ѧ˵ͷ˵
ţȻλѦǰȥǰɣȡռԼУ
ף


81 峿ͻ
Ǳһѵģĸ·ѾǷǳƣ룬ԣһڴϣ˯ǿջڵƱҪ˯Ż
˴齣ϴˢһϵҩʦۣŴţ˳ȥǿѾվſˡ
磡
΢ЦŴ˸к
Ǻǡ
ҲԵķǳãɫҲࡣ
淢ʲô£
Ķɺܴ󣬷߽¥ݿڴǼջһȺһµĻš
ˣ
Ʋ¶ӣһۼĻǷſھǴĺǳ

㶣ü
ܿ죬һջķԱСǸӣѦѾǿջԣӽ𣬿ջֻӴѦҵĿˣǷʰһ°ɣϲҪ鷳
ԱҲǺܿĽһȴ¶˿˿⡣
ŶѦƺͦԵİ
ƲͷĻЦЦ
ǣ
΢ǣ÷
˵ĻԱɫ΢һ˸ڴĳ˵ѦҵĲǣЦҲǣЦҲǣһգΪΡ
Ƶ÷ԱεɫҲǾȤתؿͷʰʱ򣬴ӿջſڴȴǴһŮӵЦӣڴĳѦҰԵ
ԺΪбһĨͣתͷŸ߽һȺˡ
Ⱥ˵ͣΪᣬΪ׵һˣ£ҲΪ͹͹ðذҲΪˡ
ŮȲһŴȵ黨ȹѩ׶޳ĳȣı¶˵Ŀ֮¡
֮ͬЩӵĿ⣬żɨ˫ȵʱڶӹһĨ֮ɫ
۾ɨɨλл޵ĺŮһ۾ϳǰڽֵϣ񱼵ģλΪѦСŮ
С㣡
ڵЩѦһŮ֮󣬱ǹĺ
ߣ
ŮһǿƣڿҩʦʱҲ΢ͣ٣ԭǸҩʦ
Ŀ⵭λֺѦСһۣǳ׵ʧȥȤ΢΢ҡҡͷתſͷȥ
ߣһССҩʦ͸ҽѦҲֱ
Ƶ÷Լģ˵ĵĺŮʱüһԾеֱ˦΢ƿ֮ͬһ㣬ݺ˦Ƶĺ󱳡
ڼڷƺ󱳵ʱһֻɿݵƻֻһץޱǱֻקָ⣬һ㣬һ˦Ůͬӱһͬ˦˳ȥ
ںŮӽҪˤڵ֮ʱһӰ͵ԿջӶһѽŮӽסҲõһβȣ˻ǵ
˻
һ㵵ĺŮ֮ڣ˶ǵһǻæӳջȥ
ǿɲ뱻һվ⣬Ķ̬
ڵȺѦһݵĴ֮һǳλεĵ¥ݿھͳ
֪
ĿһУһվ¥ݿڴ䣬һ˦һ籬ӿʮȫƷ˳ȥˤĶᣬҲ
λ֣ͣ
ŮӵһӼ߳Ұ׵ĺŮӣȻղųȵˣλˡ
ǰҼСڳ嶯ˣ뿴ѦҵķϣҪʶ
˵һֱڻϣǸһеĿ⣬ʱƤֱȭĵ
ǣѦң
ƲƲƳһλʵڴʦˣЦܺҵˣҪΪѦǴĳǵĳ˼ɣָǵǵˣͷҲѦң
ߵЦڴ֮ڻصţ˶ǱⷬЩĻһ𣬶ǸŮܲˣҪǰȴӵס
Ǻǣ˵ǣջȥҶὫüС㡣
ӣԲһçԵ²δ˶ŭЦ
һۣǳһ˿Ц˦ת
⼸յĴĳùݶѦҰλڼʹ߱ĳǣҲҲЪϢ֮ɣΪ˸빫ҷԸ̸λ׼ķ䣬֪ܷѦҵǸ⣿
Ų΢٣ƫͷλΪԲˣƶһۣû˿Ŀ׻ĵˣסԭķǳϰߣڼ䣬Ҳκң

Żû˿ˮģҲʵһ㶣ֱ𣬲Żع


82 ҹ̽
ͻѦҲûѰ𣬵õĻ̾ϧʱ磬һϢҲ˵֪
ѦҵĴѦ뽫飬ѦھϯĿĿΧڣССĸмյ
룬յļ壬˭ҲһЩĵѦҸ߸ˣ׷׶׼Ѿ׼
Ѧ˴ֻ²ֻΪһ˰ɣ
üͷһֱƽĻ죬ʵ

˿еĲ豭˵ͷûѦңӦѾעҪĿˣ
˵䣬۾Ҳ΢΢
ɣĳǲǻôǻţ
һ㶣̲סһ䡣
֪
ҡҡͷбضʲô£ȻĳڣҲᱻ״̬
ĳڣ̣ջȫѦУң޼һЩСҪѦҵŲڴĳڴǣǾûе¡
ǡϴ㡭
ƲЩˣѦɭϣ㣬ǧӣҪǧ˫۾֮£ӣȳȻѾǲܵ顣
ʦ𼱣ˣһİȳ
Ȼ֪ڵʲô֤
Ǿͷˣ
æ֣жҲһݸм

ĳڣһƬ֣Щյ޲ǵһʱĳǸõĴĳǸΪ
ôأ
ͬΪĳĶżڣżҼŷ棬ڴڶȥԵúΪ꣬һԵļλҲǽüͷһɫ
ѦңžҪ̲ҶżҰ
һϳ˵
Ѧ֮ģѾ·˽֪ˣأʯҲյ˰ɣѦңĿǴĳˣ
ŷ泤̾һλ֮ϣһį
ৣ
΢ƿ⣬һӰӶ뵽˴֮ڡ
˭
ŷһ𣬻ԪӿԥĳǵӰ
飡飡飡
һ·ŷ۽ˣ׷˳ȥײܱ߰ڷŵš
ǻ죡
ûж֣ƾƣͽһͽף߸ʦֱӻ壬ʵõ·䣬ǵӰһ˫˫оǲ˼֮ɫ
ǶżҼ
һɨۣĿ˶ŷ档
Ǻǣ
ŷվЦǳ鶯˼ΣǾҲȲô
ĻУŨŨķŭȻǽ쵱Ѧˡ
Ѧ֮ˣղһ£ǻվô
첻мƲƲǣתһʦɡ
˳Ŀ⣬ż˱Ǽһλҩʦ۵꣬ϣһЩ嵭ѺõЦ⡣
λã
ҲǼΪĴкһָ֣ſʱһҩӿҩƶɣֱ뼸ڣļ˴Ȭ
ҩ¶ҩʦ
ǽһŷƵĿ⣬Щȡ
λûж⡣
ǵĿ⣬ǵЦŨ˼֣ڽ͵
ǡ
ǰˣŷҲЩɻ
ֻʣĳǾʲô£
ֱʵ
ָǡ
ŷƤһ
Ѧң
ҲһأʵҪ㶦֮ƣΪλΪβѦң

ŷԥɨ֮ҧҧ̾һһƬ⣬λˣʦ֪˲ְǣ֣Ҳ޷Ѧ˰
ô
뻪һۡ
˵ʲôԭ򣡡
Ҳһ£ģһɲõԤС

ŷ̾һѦңѾӵλ鼶ǿߣѦѦ죬ѦмѦ񣬸Ѿ۷壡
飡
Ƿ׼Ҳ̲סһѦѾ۷壬Ҳüͷ
ȶδʵӲ£òڼܣҲ˵ҲֻѦƽѡ
ңĿܹܣѾǰѾѦΣ
ʲô
ԣ۾Բһɹɺ嫵
ԭְ֮ƿؾӣʵҲǹҸѣҪþӣҪӵܹ׼УڣѦҽܹܻԼˣ룬ĿľӣѾǳ׵ѦҵУ


83 ı
ңЩһֱУ񣬴ĿľѾˣԼչһ֣ʦ˵ܿأ
ѾǲµƵ⣬ŷǿʼ߿ࡣ
벻Ѿֵز
ɫ۾˸ΣյĹâԼУУѦͼı
ߣӵС
ڴڻصһĬ˵ĿⶼǿŻ졣
ŷ棬ȥʯҵļҪҪ
֣óһӸŷ档

ϵǸ֣ŷͫ͵һ͹ֱӾͼֱҲЩ
Сŷ棬ݼ£
ֱȥżҳֻ㶣ҲŹȥ

ݵӣҲһĵȻ
ɡ
İ˰֣ڣȥʯҼʯ
ǣ
ŷ湧Ľƻ죬һĳȥ
Լ˰ʱʯҼʯһӵĴ󺺣͸Ŷŷ߽
˴ˣ
ŷǰĹֻһ
Сʯ𣬰ݼ£
ʯֱӾ͹ȥ
ŷѾ˵һС
š
λϵĻŻĽеĲ豭£ɡ
л£
ʯҲһЩ
˭Ҳ뱻̲ǰߣΨһתˡ
ƣӦøĳǵľӣѾȫѦҵУԣҪѦңͱȽ֧ӣ
쿴ĺ͸ѦңѾǵڴĿˣֻûҪðɱͷΣȥžӣԣ϶ѦңҪı
ԮǸϲˣ
ֻʱ䣬ǻ챾Ҳ˶̵ʱڣ
˶٣ֵĿı᰹ڣǲᷴģԣֻҪЩѦҰõĽ죬ֻӣѦҾ͵ɲ
ŷ棬ʯ𣡡
৵һվ
Сڣ
Ҫһʱ֮ڣ׵ĽĿнԼˣûõ
ĵ
˴ϲЩССĽ죬˵ʲô¡
ˣһڰţ뻪Ҳ´ݾߣֻص˿ջڡ
ϣ
ƴüͷһ
ô
üͷеĲ豭
񻹲ܷӳ۷ʵɣ
Ȼ߱ǿʲôˣǷȴˣڵȶʱҪ
û
˵ͷ΢̾һҪȫѹڵȶҷɰǣʦΣ۷ʵеġ
ⶾֻ֮ƾڵʵǿѹһȴܸǣҲͽ˶ѣʱ䣬ȶһֱʴڵ⣬ƤֱڣѾʴ
۷ô
ôһ˵Ƹǽüͷˡ
˫ǿֻܳƽѣܳ׵ѹƵĻѦһѣһڳңԻΪĶ⣬ǷƲԸģ
ѹƣ
뵽һֻѹƵĻϣ㿴ⶫв
˵ţóһСɵУ΢΢ʧ񣬶󣬴У棬öͨ͸ӣڻǰ
ֻһҩ壬;һᣬصȶȫ˻ȥƺһ㡣
ʦʲô
δĶ۾棬ãǰöӣѾϡ伶뵽ֿܣֱѿڶѵҩ
˫ĿԲɣӽ͵ĿǰһЦ֣꣬ԼԽԽ͸ǰͨˡ
ҩһܵõô
Ǹдˣ
һؼҩ䣬ҩѾ˵һС
ϣⶫӦѹסȶôһͲҪϺķѾȥѹˡ
ٴȡһУװһţƱǽ֮ݵǰ
⡭
Ѿ޷ݴʱԼˣҩļֵҲˣֱӾ͵ݸԼǶԼĪΣ
лʦΣ
˵ʲôأӹдУǾãȶѾ˱һ㣬ֻҪԪΪʱһɾΥٴλصϣõԡ
ʦģˣһľȳģ
ٴӵڵʵٷ
һг׼͵ˣţݴѦһеϲ


84 

һӰ鷿һǰĺ
ʲô£㼱ģ
Ѧ񲻼ķеıʸˣʵ
գǳƿشĿӣѾа⣬ʱٲȻѾԼһۣ̬Ҳڵĺ㡣
ǣҵ˻û
ĨϵĺˮΪ£ҲЩ
ʲô
Ѧһ㶣ӿһɱ֮ɫ
飡
һϣϵֽ鱾ȫɣľϣҲһİӡ
ɴ˿ɼѦԪĿƣѾﵽ˺ܸߵľ硣

һ֣ͽŵ˦˳ȥײǽϲͣſڣ³һѪ͵Ŀͷġ
ãһССҲ㲻ֱˣ
һ֣ǰźľͳ׵ıˣľмĽ鷿һƬҡ
ʲô£
Ѧ죬Ѧ˽˺ΪηôĻ
Լ
Ѧŭһ˦䣬תȥ
˵ô£
Ѧǳ
ϣȥСҵӺܼһûл
ӵͷսսĿĵ˵
û
ѦҲһ㶡
Ϧ·̱ͱȽԶʮʱ䣬ܼûϻҲ
Ѧ˴üͷ
⡭
ѦһתҲǳ˳顣

Ѧĺǳ£ӵײײܳ鷿
ôͰ¸أ
ѦĶͷ̾һգҪˣһûҪĸ鰡
½ϰףŮɻ飬뵽ҹͬף˲ŻԲҸ

Ѧüͷ۾һҿҪɣû֪֮˳ʲôģǾѰһװװ磬ô
Ѱ
Ѧһ㶣ҡͷֱвУ¹ػҸԲУ
ǣʲôõİ취ô
ѦҲһΣҿٶȣٻҪңȥѦңǸûӣ
⡭
Ѧһõؽüͷãų̾һǺðɣ£ͽȥˡ
ģ
Ѧһ֣˳ȥ

ĳǣһƬɫĺ󣬴ŵƽʣÿһ֮ϣǹһϲ֣Ѧңֵĵطˣׯ԰֮ڣͷΪ֣ѦһϲϢ
һǸɫķ䣬һεŮǰžžܷܷ֮ϾһСɵУž¶־

۾űϣ۽ǻСɵıţеĽӽĺҲǼ
ڸʲô
սŵѦǿһĻԭĻϲŵĻɢ

ϣʱһ׺۾ӡ˳
ãҲ
Ѧ˫֣æ֤
Ҳ޸ģҲᣡ
黩ĵţԵúΪ
ʲô
һѦɫֱ߾ٵֱҲһ˫۾ҵˣϣ飬㲻Ҳýᣬڻʧ󣬺ߣ
ŭһ˦伴ߣŮ̱ڵأҲл䣬˫ĿûϣһƬ͡

ѦҴܽڵȻǴĿʵļĿİ룬ǿǲҲȻҲкܶ޲Ѧ̨ϵĹȴȻǱļΪλ
ڴĸ̨λ֮ϣһλͷ׵Ļߣ·ıͱȭƺΪۼĿעӣǲϵϣϲ΢ЩЦݣδϹ
ѦҵļѦ
һ֮ͨһСͷͷǴź߽˴ȣȻǶѦһأȻԼĺõѦǵⲻѡ
ʱתţ磬ĳڣżʯҵˣȴû˿ĶҲõĴڵˣСš
ӵ۷ʵѦȻЩʱϵϲ⻯ΪޣжŵĲ豭Ҳ顣
żҼŷ浽
ʯҼʯ𵽣
ͨһ߽ͬѦĴš
ѦչЦգԼΪԼһƣҲûӭ̩ɽĿڴſڣƺȴһ㡣
ʱһ˾˽֣λҳûдκεƷʹһĸߣһҩʦ۵ꡣ


85 
һ˻н˴ڣʱʱͰ˵е˶ڵȴͷᣬΣѦҴģǾҪͳһĿͬΪͷĶţʯңȻҪ룬ԣܶ˶ǵȴҵı̬һû׼ЩбЩˡ
ѦҪԣˣ
ˣѦҲ΢΢һ㶣Ŀⲻɨ뻪죬ϸһĨЦЦı顣
ŷʯ𣬱Ҳǲ࣬һЦֱѦ
ɵЦ⣬Ѧ͵Ƥһܸоĵ㲻Ծȴ˵˳ǣһ˿Ц
ΪţʯһܷʲôڷƣȻһҩʦǣһƼ߽׵ҩʦ˼ɣ죬߸һĸоʼ벻Լļ
ϲѦ˵ҵĶӣҪȢϱˣŷϸ
ʯҲƤЦⲻЦĳѦ񹰹֣Ҳûһ˿Ĺǵһ㣬õѦǵ˿ЦĿЩ䡣
ǰϧ̫ҲòʲôĶ⵹Щʧ񰡣ϣѦдҪǼƽϲǡ
ŷҲװģ̾һͷֱӾͰѦҶԣõ˸Ѿȥˡ
ǺǣֻҪѾҵˡ
Ѧ񳶳һ˿΢Цŷ棬ʯƤЦⲻЦĽ̸˼䣬ߵıӰĿļΪɭ
ȵȣ
ƶƱڱǼ⴦ţ۾΢΢һУһѵжܺȣ
ʲô
˽ֱһܿ죬ɫǻָǣľƱȴǷϣСĽ̸š
ǽӶһڴĿǵλĸߵ죬һʱ䣬ֵĴУȻǾ˴Ŀڽʮ֮߰˵һѵõʢᡣ
ѦϵЦ⣬ҲԽԽŨڴĿ֮ڣܹģѦ֮⣬Ҳڶҡ
һģǵЦ⣬Ũ࣬ɨȫǼţʯһֱڳ̸֮УϵľƱƺҲûʱϵЦĿиâ˸˸ŸһǴ˽õȥ
ʱˣ
󣬱һ֮һɫ󣬰׷ȻҲ˳ѦԱߣѦ죬ѦҲǸư㣬һ̬ܳڶ಻ʱҲû˸˵ʲô
˾Ѧѩصǿ߰ɣ
ɨѦѦ쵭ʵ
š
ŷ΢΢˵ͷƫͷ죬ʵô죿
ô죿
쳶˳ǣƲ䣬Ŀ綾һ㣬ĶѦˣٿһԵķ֮󣬴˴üͷȵȵȰɡ
ǸùϼһɷţȻȫ
ԣŷʯǵ˵ͷΪѦĬ˼ӡ
ʱһŻ˱ǴӴ֮⣬һ˵Ĵӵ£н֮Уһ·лͯΪݻ
Ѧ룬һϲ⣬ʱĻкųкˣһԵûб飬·ҲһԵİ֣˶֪ŮǱǿȵģǣһЩΪֺѦҵȴڷС
ߣ
ĿЩ˵ı֣ĿһĨŷʯҲЦѡ
ϣ
͸ɴŴ͵һỽһ
š
ӦһŶŷ棬ʯ˵ͷ߶һۣûκԥͦ·ǰ
ͻȻľٶõĴ˲ͱùһ˫˫۾ȫǿλϵѦ
ŷ棬ʯʲô
Ѧһ࣬৵һ¾վĺʵ
һԵѦѦҲվڣ˸䣬ŶţʯˣֻѦһ£ͻᷢơ
Ѧ㲻Ҫᣬûб˼
ʯһںģ飬սᣬǣҪˣϾǿǲõ
һõĴڼ˵Ķһ𣬲УСһ
ʯ𣡡
Ѧ񱬺һӶҲ漴𣬡
Ѧ
ŷĴϣʯɲ㰡
˵вЦѦҲȥŮӣɰǣϧţѦĿвЩϧ
ټһѦңһССϣͬʱҲ˾ӣЩͨˣҲôǵģ


86 ɫ
ʱѦǸо˲֮ˣ˵ŷʯ֪ԼѾ۷壬Ѧ죬Ѧ飬ðͷɣڣȴΪһЦԭվ˳õľòˡ
ͣȫ֪Ψһı֮ͬһҩʦ꣬ݵߣʱǿǸҩʦȥ
˾ٶʱõ۾
һƼ߽ҩʦƾʲôܵţʯԿԼֻһܣ꣬㹻ĶԿԼ
ٿʱ͵һΪ͸ʵ
ֻʣֿܣһͨˣߵʵԼ
룬ѦӦòǿѵɣ
ʯЦЦĿһѦ񣬻ﲻ޵ʡ

һĸѦһٶĵʣҲ̲סˣԪԵȫ飬һ£ĳʯӶȥֱ֣һ֮ȭ¡
ߣ
л֧ţʯҲǺ޹˼ɣΪȻͨԪ𣬽ĴҲһ
Ȼһߣ
飡
ȭͷҵײһԪŰΧȫ˳ȥڵıҲ׷׵ЩΡ
ʵ൱ʯԪȴҪԸһھ൱£ܵģȻѦ
ֻǳ˼룬ѦǱ׷˻ȥģѦסûˤǣҲжദˡ
ǴĿӴܹܾôͣ
ʯ˦˦ֱۣ䳰
ֱһ̣ʯ޹˼ɵĳ֣ѦڸеˣĿһĨңѦ˸ɫ߲ɫá
ЩСŷ棬ʯȻУ޲ǰЦ
ʱ򣬷Ҳߡ
ʲôˣ
Ѧǰһǰʡ
ʲôˣ
üͷɫ˵ߵˣ֮嵭õĴڵͷͷľѡ
㣡
Ѧ˫ŭɣȭҪ
ס֣
Ѧֹ

Ѧһ㵵ĿֱҲֱڰա
û۵Ķǿģ
һ˫˫㵵Ŀ£Ѧŭüĺʣ󲽵˹
ʱ򣬻첻źۼľվ˷ƵԣĿѦĶ
ǡ
ŭĸףѦֱסˣ£Ѧв֪֮񰡣
Ͻ˼ҹǸ
Ѧһ߹ͺԥģƾȥѦȵڵأҲһ˿Ѫ
һٶõȫޱȵĴ㵣ѦһҲӦ
λʦѦĳʧˣѦĳӰ
תŷƵʱѦɫֱӱˣһƵЦ⣬һֺõģ
˿ĻֱõĴڳ˻켸⣬ȫʯ
ΪĿѦʱһôȻǰҩʦΪ٣ѦңǿһҩʦģûҪȥֺƼ߽׵ҩʦԣЩЩ벻ףǣЩȴĸǾǶŷʯı֣ңҲǸһͬġ
뵽ˣԼƺ࣬ģһ˫˫۾Ƿ˻ϣֻƽĸߣǳΨһܵıˡ
Ŷ
ҲһܿǾһ˿ζЦ⣬ѦҿԴûȥô
˳ƺõѦһ㶣ܿͷӦ˹Կԣȫԡ
ֻһҪ߷ɷǣΪӻһֱһ׵ľ룬ףɲ߿϶ҩʦһ·ġ
ڶӵĻѦҴҵ֮УǺԥľѡ˺ߣֻҪ߷ƣȫƿȫ֡

ûŮĸǰỽһ
ͷǣһͣûһ˿鶯ͬˮŮ̬Ƶһ˿Ľ˽ȭͷ˫֣Ůͷǡ
Ұ㲻ʶˣ
סŮ˫磬Ỻҡţ죬תһ£ĿųԼǰ꣬һ˿ɻ
ǡ
ЩϤȴԼļˡ
ҰС棬Ƹ磡
ڷӦҲΪ֣ʳָĹ˹Ůı
ǺƸ磿
ǸСк˲ǰغһڣŮڷһ˿鶯Ƹ磬㣿ô
һ˫ܿͺˮⷺۿ˳յ䡣
ţƸСȥġ
ѹеʹŬװһЦ


87 
ʱѦҴڷһĻõڶͲԼ۾ĿȻһͷˣ
Ƹ磬ߣΣգ
Ѿ˵һվѦ˾ֻˣϵĴߴŷ뿪һǲ԰ס
Ů羪֮ģõķһʹ϶ܵĪĴŻ㣬¶ʱѦҵԹޣһ㡣
İƸڣû˺㣡
˫֣СŮž¿ɰСĸ˸İοš
ǰλȥѦҵŵǸ
ΪͷɷߣѦҲѵõһء
⻹࣡
ŷʯ˹ʯֱǶѦڳһʶģõѦһֱҧ
ѦǿɾˣҲˣӵĻɣ
ŷҲһ䣬õѦһ֣ݶ챻ҧˡ
˵Ļ£ǣС֣Ŵſȥ
˼
ȻȥѦŻŵĴӺôȫǼҡ
ôˣ
ѦһرǿѾѸʧķˣһɲԤӿͷ
ӣĿľӣѾΧѦ
Ѧ˵š
Ŀľӣôܣ
Ѧ۾һɣǳ⡣
ûʲôܵģѦΪٻѦҵˣ᰹ľӾѦҵľôҸ㣬ڰΣ
ʯǴֿ𣬽ţӰ룬ֻȱ˷
Ѧôĵӣ£Ȼ򣿣
ʯ˫ͭС۾ŭѦ񣬴ǳתָָˣҲӣǣһǰɣ£

жһǿҪҵףҪӵдߣܳΪ᰹Ҳÿһڼ
Ҳ˵ʱڵˣ
Ѧһٴοʱ֪ΪΣԼЩϤĸоԭȻһ֮ˣ
ݼ£
ЩСȫǹȥһʼΪֺѦҵЩҲ⣬ĶţʯЦѡ
ڣֻʣѦ֮εվҲǲҲǣһĿⶼǿѦ񣬵ȴľߡ
ģ
鵽ⲽѦҪ벻ףǾǴˣݺݵĹһѦ룬ĿһĨȻ
ȫվ
һԪӿ۷ʵȫ汬ǽҲֱӱѣķ顣
ҿȷĸǣǸղȵľˮ棬һֶأûнҩһ֮󣬶ؾͻᷢʱǽȫö
Ѧɭĵͺһ
ʲôжˣ
һЩ˵ɫֱӱֱ䣬һڵ״֮һ亹ֱðɫҰס
̸ɫ⣬ɲ죬ֻҪˣѹƣҲǣҲ˭ܽģǻƼҩֻҪǱȽģҩʦҲһܽ⡣
һӦǾⶾĲͬѰ֮֮ҩʦǱĿĵڵҩҩɢȴǸǹԶҩͬɾԸǰţһ˵žֱӱţһôϵǰ죬˾õĲҲͶ
˻
õ˶ǿһⶾѾ֪ΧˣҲ˵ֶǿȣ֮ϡ
ֶ
ɫΪ˼֣ⶾеһģһҲ˵ǰӰħĶȴѦУеĵԶ
ɱǣҸǽҩ
˵ţѦǳһ˿Ц⣬֣ȡ˶ʮСƿϧΪҩ̫ѵˣҲŵ˶ʮƿҲ˵ֻжʮܻýҩ
ûΪûУţʯҲû˽ۿһеķչʱѦҲʱĴһҽɱ֮أǾѾѦҴԺˡ
һվˣеڶв£һС˶վ
ܺãɱǣнҩ
Ѧ񳶳һĨЦֱָ죬ĿɷȻ
Щ˳Ż֮ʱѦѦ죬Ѧ˸ɫ˷ͷȥҪ룬ѦҲ˲ˡ

Įӻ³һ嫺˲ϯĳļٺȫƷ˳ȥ
飡飡飡
ĳƣѪ֣ѦˣֱĽ棬
Ĳ࣬һ֮ء


88 
һԶǧҲŻ
Ǵĳˣ
΢۾ǸʵĳǽĿһĨȻһߣ
ߺȻģǰźҵһУһپӢҹϵ˴ĳǡ
ſڴȻǴ򿪣ȴһЩţǼٺſ׵Ѫʿһһڵĳ˹һǳĳ
ͣ£
һ꽫ʿԶԶľ͸ߺȵţٱʿͽΧס
ʲôģ
ʿ˽еĳһ䱸ĿΪ׵
ⷬвЦɼǰһЦ˵λ磬ѦҺġ
һ꽫ʿɫֱսдȣ£
˴֮ʣ⼸ٺűʿѾΧõһ㶡
ȵȣλʿ
æ
ûʲôõȵģѦͼı棬ѱȾǹ־ܣȻȫ壡
Ѧı棿Ѿ
ȫһ㶡
ʵ㣬߰ɣ
ûз֮⣬ʿɫ΢һЩ

ֻǰʱ䣬ԭڴĿһѦңȫ屻ⲻ˸п仯֮
ʱѦҵĴԺڣţʯЩСƵĴãͼģȻѾȫɱʣµľһЩǽͷݡ
ԺڣȻʬѾʰǵϵѪȴǰһɵѪζԺơ
棬ץһѦģ
꽫ʿŷǰһ£
ŶѦġ
ԣŷϹһĨЦЦɫһԵʯȤ˵ʯѾǵ˰ɡ
ٺ٣
ʯЦһǸʿȥ˴ҵҪĸ˲ˡ
ǣ
ʿתȥʱͽһȺ˴Ժڡ
ǣĸеļ壿
ʯеëϣһ˫۾ţŭĿ
⡭
ɨɨܱҵԺӣǸʿ˵Ѧˣ˿Ż˵λˣСԹϦǣ
Ϧǣң
ʯһ㶣Ϧǿĳǿкܳľ룬ʱܸģǾֻһֿܣ֪Ѧ֮£ҪͶ
ң
һӣŭȵˣȫؽΣ
ȵȣλˣǲѦģ
һ㶣͵
Ʊ磬ҴߣֱӴ
ʯ৵һվ̸˹ȥѹɫף˵
ǺˣôĪıؽ˴ĳǵĴ֮ڣֱҹ䣬ţʯ˽һ͵ǰķ˷ֽҳһ֮ϣǼ˼йϦһаˣʱĿһ
ңǹϦǵң
£Լ˵ȷǵġ
ʯһ㶣Ļشš
ԣɫһ飬Ϳ˭ǵģ
⡭
ŻǾŭɫʯ˽ס
ǲΪ߸ϵΪζƫԶе˽š
ŸʲôϽҹȥҪһһͷͷʣ
콫еֽһ˦վ˵Ĵ£Ҵҵľȥ

Ŵϣ˯ŮƵ¶ܰЦ⣬ĸŮ޽ǣǴü⣬һ
˻죬ΪԼǡѰҩǾͲȥϦǣȥ֮ҵ˸ûΡ
ʵ
˽ȭͷƵӺݺݵĳ˼ΣȻڻıӻ£ҶɹεĽѣһ󣬻ȥԼʲôأ
ˣվǷҪģԼ˷˵УָоõΪܡ
쾧
Ŀޱȵļᶨ
֪Լߵ·˲һѡһ;֮ʱףԼѾ˳˵ķΧֻѰ·ôȴĽΨ쾧ܸı״
һҪõ
˼֮ʣһСվûзһ˿ŵ˳ȥ
⹫
һߣҲǶݵһ㶣ôˣ
һԣŷ棬ʯһεվɫδ䣬ȴЩǡ
Ǻǣ⹫ⲻǵô
һЦɫеļôҲڸǲסС
ղ˯š
ЦЦο
ͺãͺð
Žķ
û߿࣬ʯţ˶ǰͶȥмĿ⣬ͶԿοһЦ


89 
ǣҪ㶦һңȻҪϣȻʧƽ⣬Ϊһ仰ֱӾͱ̨棬Ϊ᰹ΨһһûĿ塣
һʱڣ֮ڴĿڱǴ鿪ڶûΪûǿ߶Сޱȡ
룬һĬĬŵС壬һӳ𣬵Ͽ֮ףеĵǾͲö֪ˡ
ЩжͷͷǸһĴۣõ˷ƵĽȣǲŷ֣ȻŻƼҩʦ۵꣬ʵֻǻƼҩʦô򵥣Ǳ쾯棬ǵҲ˵ȥ
ȻѦҵʲֹΣʮ侧ļҵõĻҲΪ֮ȻҲõ֮࣬ѦصһЩҩģҲѡũҩصļʮֶѣУϡ伶ġ
ȵĺ̨ǣǿߣһҪеģǣһӣдһţСֱѧԺҲ漴̤˱ԭ֮·


ĳأһׯ԰ڣĽһˤƴ촫
ⲻһͨׯ԰ǰӰħ᰹֮
ԶԶǧụ̂ׯ԰ڣûа׮滨࣬ǼΪζ˱ǣһֻŵû㣬ȻǿֱӵµأǵϣѾѻ˺һóʬ塣
ԣЩ滨ݣһЩ
һڣϺΪң˹ڵأվŵģһӡһܻߣӿήϾֻʣһƤüûϣһۿɼĺƣԵһͱֱӸ
˭©Ϣ
һ˫۾ɭɨȺˣŭܴ
òף᰹ĵһЩչӣһ֮ͻΪУʮ깦ǰ׷ѣ˭Ҳܲˡ
ϣѦұ˵ΪѦҵĹӣǿһΪҵСŮӶ᰹һԲŵġ
һĴ
᰹ң
˼ãҲ޷δŹңôһСһϵһġ

˿ѦѾûˣĿʱǴ򲻽ȥˣǸĸضЩʲôչ
⻰һʳк˶ǵͷ­
ϣԪ˧ѾһˣŻ¶Ųպ󣬾ܴϢ
һ̧ͷС˵˾䡣
š
Ϣ߲ŽŭˣͷȷһţҪҪǣ

ЩԭıԳѰĸ߼ԳǲϵǨõıԭһƬңһЩСׯѾԳ٣ǱҲܵϮһʱĻ̡̻
ֻ᰹һҲˣȥȻܵһĹעһЩȻ뵽侧ĴڣԣԭӵϢǿ߶ǴҴҵĸϵڱԭĴѰ侧һʱ䣬˵ɱħ޵ɱڱԭϴݣÿﶼҪپʬ塣

ѩУЯżӲıϯȫ
һߵأ콵űԭЩӰüͷ˴ء
ǿ쾧Ѿˡ
ָڣϴơ
Ŷ
۾һ
СģǶػƾѹ
ϵĳ
ʲô
ֱסҪ֪ڼǿߣѹ룬쾧ػ޸жֲ
ͣССڣʲô
Цһٴ伣
˼ûлӦƲŻع̧ͷԶıԭüͷ
ϣȴŰɡ
֣ƽһװһųӵСóݵϡ
š
˵ͷûоֱܾӽдС
ǰûгѹƣӲȫĻǺƿԣڣһԭü䣬Ҳˡ
ûԴ󵽣ƾʵΪܺбԭ
ϣȥգǰΣ
ĸ·ȻƣðȻǰȥҲֲôң쾧ɹƱػǸʱ򣬲ʱ
Ҳã
ǵ˵ͷӦ
һ·ĳѩ֮ȥнˣƲʵĸоӣңЩ޲ʦߴʦżڡ
Ȼ֪쾧侧ջǹˡ


90 ҥ
ЩҲ֪˭ڴԣһϢڶ̶̵ļڣѸٵᰵڴ鿪ʱȻ󲨣ڶǿ߷׷׶ͬһ
ԭ
дԵд˵е쾧սڱԭ
쾧ʲôͨ˾ͲˣΪֻ˵侧֪쾧ΪǣʣһЩĶڣʱõ޷ƽһЩһǿ߸Ƿ׷׳Ҵҵűԭȥƺһ
ֻҪ֪óûܺĴڣ
쾧ǿ߷Ķ½һ仰ֻӵ쾧ǿߣǿߣѾֳֵ쾧ֵ
½ϣÿһ쾧ڶǿ߶ǻɱһѪǧʬ嶼ܶѻɽ
ˣûй⣡
һʱڣƫƧıԭΪĽڣԭһƬң

ŴԽԽȺƵüͷֱ磬ڿջóԷ֪쾧ĴڣѾ˹
һи
ԭڵĻɱõĻüͷҲһһһֱĿǰչȥսҲֻǳ⡣
ǣĿǰƾһ֮Ѿ޷ˣֻһ취Ǿ쾧ⳡҵɱŻֹͣ
ǣҪڶǿж쾧һ׵£
ҹ۴쾧໹ҪңͻȫǸʱ쾧ȻԼ׼
ֵĽָϣɢһ㵭Ө⣬ϵڴ
ô
̾һ˴ڴϡ
ô
Ө۳һ߲ϵӰŷϵĿ̬һЦЦĻȡ
ʦ鷳ˡ
ҡҡͷ˶ǿߣԲһܶסģң˭ȷûǿߵأ
ʱ׵õ쾧ѴˣȻ˵鼶ʸ쾧ǣ¼ǿߺֹǧǧ쾧ȴڣֻһҥ˶ǿǰֵ˵ˣ쾧ϡ̶ȣһߣ쾧ֱǳ˵Σû˿ܵ飡
ٺ٣˾ͺá
ŷǸ˺ȻһЦ
Ŷ
˺ںģ۾һڴĿˡ
ȥǸһü侧׼ãˣʱɱޣ
ƲƲǣһЦαǻǵʧ
׼侧
㶣벻;˵Ǿӵģһϣڶ峿˻ķš
ʦ£
ֹķƣ˴üʵ
ȿȣǸϣӵġ
˼ϵɫɫ輸侧պٻΣ
侧ǿмģôȻʳҲЩ
侧
΢΢㶣ЦһһΪʲôأû⣬ʦҪپܿڡ
Ϊҵ侧Ȼϣ󣬵Ƕ˵ҲǺѵõĶϾҿ˾޴ԴͷȻȱ侧ã
ϣģǷܶǷ飬Ͼһؼҩʦõİ취Ǵơ
֮ã

һҲǴϲȻԽԽãŵĻ
Ǻǣû⣬ҿ
췭óһöָ˶һ侧ǵϣӴ̨룬õ侧Ϊҫۡ
ʮ飬ʦ㿴ô
һ侧ƵƸǰĵЦ⡣
ˣˣ
һ侧ҲЩָ̤ʵͬʱԻҲһɸм
ʦҩҲܷϣʮ侧ʲôأ
˰֣˵š
ǺǣȻҪлϡ
΢Цų˹֣վˣϣ͸ԭɣҿ쾧Ϳˡ
ţ
Ҳվ⣬ǱװһȻպڶ಻Ҫ鷳
װ
ֻһ˼룬Ʊ˹ǻΪԼã±ֱӦһã
ס޷ѣ˱˽ֵϣʱֵҲӵ֣ʱĻл˵ˣڽֵϵײײĺֱŹҲ˳£ϾǿҲʹʦܲЩǿߣֻҪֳܴҲû˻
ûЩ·һ꣬һ˳һۣǸϣֻ¶һ˫۾


91 ǰ
ԭ֮ڣ֮ϣѾҳһƬÿһ侧ǶһɱЩˣѾɱ۾ʱΪһҩɱӡ
رǲͬȣȻЩûзս£ҲǻԹһй֮ˣҲսһţֶǺ顣
һ֣ңѾ޷ƣ
ϰϰιУϯۣðź糯ǰš
ߵĺҲʱҵĺܣ쾧Ҳһʱ᲻ԣһ·ѰҩۺĹǱִ򷢡
ڵʵӹɣڣҲûжĵ֡
һ·ϣѩ棬Ѫ֫壬ѩ£Щʬڸǡ
ҲǷƵһμ˴͵ɱӳ棬ݽ棬ֻǿߣ棡
ԽɱĳԽ࣬ģǴʦˣõĲ߸߽׵ķƣһ󷢽
ǿߣţëԼǲ׺һڣ

³һڳƲӣһԵĻ˵ϣҸطȰɣ쾧Ҳ֪ʱܳء
ţá
ɨһΧһüͷ
ѾǱԭ˺磬ﻹбСһϣҲǷǳĲܡ
ΪԭһЩɽͳǵ֮ء
˭ҲһֱͷȻܴһСľͻᱻҵıף˭Ҳϣġ
һߵأվֱܿɽȫòҲһɨΧȫ
ȵȣ
һɽǰ춨˽ŲɨһɽŻǰȥվɽǰɢԼƣʱһӰ˳
һߣһǵĵ̣õһʣ£ͷһߣͱΪмܡ
ɨһǰһ۵Ļ죬ϳһ˿Ц
ǰᶣ
£۾˾䡣
ţ
Ҳһ㶣ȻһЦٺ٣벻㻹ҵĴȻˣвգҾһɡ
ǣ
ԣ첻һǣ޷̵ĵ᰹һɱ˽ٲƣӲĴգȻֻٲƣ⻹ҵҰ
Ȼ
һԵķƣһҲһ
ᶵ᰹֪ƾԼΪϲǽٲƣͨὫһһŵԼĴӵоʮǰ⵽ڶϽɱϵǵ̣ڵʱµģ֮伣ֱδ쾧Ǹ˱ԭҪ쾧ھ硣
ٺ٣֪ͺã
죬õϵĵ̾һһ㣬Ϊˡ
׷㼸ʮأ벻Ȼ㡣
첻ǣϷʵ
ʲô˼
ϵЦ˲һ˫۾Ķźµ˫ĮʱһһɲõԤУԪӿһ˫˫𽥳͡
ȻˣǾ°ɣ
Ӱᶾ㵵Ŀ£һֻݵƣӡؿڡ
꣡
ɫԪֻݵ³ԪֱӾͺ˳һѪᶵӱ߸ؿλãһڴҲûһ룬ڵϣس鴤˼£ûϢѪΧѩȾ졣
˼ʮĴôʬҰ⡣
˹ȥȡһöָͷƴ˸к˱ǽɽ֮ڣʱͷԳǽᶵߣеͷҲûʣ¡
һҹ޻ԭȴͬ磬ɱҲûֹͣսÿмЩ޹أɽڣڵԪϴȫļ⣬ЩʱѾܸоĽʱľʹ⣬Ҫʦף
лڣܰݣɽģǱһķɣܣôԼʮʱɽ˱仯
¡¡
޴ıɽԭϵһɽֱаôһȻͻأģôһ£һԭΧĴأűͬ˼һ㣬һЩûзǿҲƵڵأΧɱȺҲ˶ͣһ˫˫ǿɽ
𶯵ʱ򣬻͵һʱܵˣһŷƱǳɽ𶯴ɽֱӱڡ
쾧Ҫô
ɽƵҲżɫ


92 쾧
¡¡
춯ҡϣѩرĻѩͬɽһӿԱɽΪģ˷ڶǿ߸ӦͱûС
ʱ򣬳ǻң˶ǷĳԶ룬ֻ鼶ǿߣչԪ˫ϿУŵ⡣
ѩ֮赲ģ
ѩ˴ԼʱһӰǱѩ֮ƱһһǳŸߴȥ
ԭֻʣ´Լ鸡ڰգΧڱɽܣһǺһ˫˫ɫ˫ѩֹͣһҲֻλڣ
ûԸȥЩѩ֮ĴʦҲһݽҵһ˫˫۾ȫǶűɽ
ãɽٴεΣ΢Ȼûǰôңε΢ȴһֱ𶯣ûֹͣѩٴɢһӰٴαû
¡¡
ŻζӾҵıɽжһ뷨
Ҫˣ
ϵĴҲԼɨһΧüͷһ塣
λ٣λ飬ĳ棬Լһ˿ƿԣҪԼƿʵдۿۣ쾧
ʦô죿
ֻܽϣڷˡ
ʲôҪһʱ䣬ճͳȥֱ
ϳĴһ䡣
Ŷ
ģţϲẦԼˡ
̣
һ죬쳹ΧɽΪ֮һղŷɸ飬ֱӱȥ
ڻһֱԪסƣûܵʲôӰ죬ȥǿԭǱɽɽⱬƿ
ʱԭ¾ֱӼ½ǴʦǿߣһǱĻֻһˣҲû쾧ĽֻԶԶĿš
ȻоЩ仯ͷһȴǷ֣ߵķƣ⺮֮£Ȼ治ɫСһ
ˡ
һһĴָС쾧Աɽɽĸ˱ɽ֮⣬¶˵֮ڣյҫ£ε쾧貵߲֮⡣
ʱƾһЩҵĴϢ֮һ˫˫۾ǳ̰֮ɫ

Ҳ֪˭һһӰȫǳűɽϷӶȥ


ڼ䣬ɱģһǿǶǲһеĳǰȥһѪڰʢ֫壬ͬһ¡
һн׵ǿߣճɽϣȫǷЦ⣬Ų˫־ͳ쾧ץ˹ȥȴûпһ󺺳һԪ˸˸ĳ߸ߵԾ𣬳ֱӳı£Ӧ˾ֱӱ룬࣬ӣһأֱĲ
쾧ҵˣ
󺺳Цһ˫ֱӾץס쾧
ֻһ˲䣬ϵЦȫ֣ɢһץס쾧ֻ𽥵ĳȫӣʱӾֱӱһ쾧΢΢ζһѺ۾ӿõһһ飬ɢ˿
Ѫ⣬Ǳɽ֮ϣԵüΪޣв˼ȥ㣬ʮͬһ쾧֮£ǿǷֲˣһ˫˫۾ڶǳĪǻͷʱ򣬱ǿλθûƶ
ʵĿһ΢΢ζ쾧Ƕס˽Ųû˻ǰ
ˡ
ε쾧ǻζţУһۿɼ·Χĳ˳ΪģЩ·ȫΪ֮ա
ȡؼıϵԪ
һĻ۾ɵϴ󣬺ܲ˼ĿǲĴָС쾧
ȡٶȣǿҲ
ЩǿߣһҲΪЩۿɼıԪҲǺǵģÿһ鼶𹥻಻Ĺʣ˭ܵˣ
󣡡
һҰԵ˻Զԭ˹˷ۿȥһӴİɫӰΪĳűɽԾ˹
ǱԳ
صıԳ˶ƤһһΪ֮
ȵùģȻǸĴʦˣˣֱӱԳȺû˺Ĳ飬ûһȫʬ
ģǴģ
ܿģȺԳڱɽ£ռһ̣ҲûðȻĳɽɽţʱһΪԳʹ˹һԼ֮ߵİɫӰԶ˱ɽɽ£һ˫ŰɨһȦΧȺھȻԻһĨм


93 ǿƵıԳ
ڣ
ͷһıԳߣһ䡣
û
£ҲǴüͷȻҲȺԳеʮֵͷۡ
ǧηıԳǿ߸ΪɲڱԳĺ£Ǹһ
˻
̲סǵһһ˻ڣûвμʸ񣬿ܣѩҲܻڱԳİ֮¡
ˡ
ĴָС쾧ɽϣۿɼıԪ˷ΪۣõΪҫۡ
ʱţΧҲڼٵ½鼶ǿߣҲЩɪȫԪ
ųҩȻܵӰ죬ĴڣҲڶĹעڵǿЯڻķ£û֪̽ǳ˵ⳡΨһı
λڣ룬쾧ĿԾʹˡ
һ˫˫Ŀ⣬ΨпЦ
˭Ϊأ
бԳǿƼ룬ʱ򣬵Ҳû˻ڧԳȺҲоͷƤ顣
ԳվԳȺǰ棬ۣˮǰĴ׳ֻǷڱϣǵأѿһۼ̧ͷһ˫ֱֱɽϵ쾧ĿҲ̰֮ɫ
Ǳԣɵ쾧ͺпܽ𼶱Ϊ˽ףŻ˴
ȴĹʹģʱ˶վԭأû˸붯ɫԪÿǿƣƮıѩ飬һԡ
䣬һʱתۼʵ˵ƽߵʱ򣬱ɽɽϵ쾧˱仯
ˡ
һ쵴ǧƺΧزĳֹһԪӿٵӿȫǹСС쾧֮ڣǰ̣쾧ͱһҫ۹âͬһ㣬ֱӲá
ҫ۵Ĺâĵȴһ龧Ө͸һ쾧ͳǰ
ε쾧ȻСû˿ı仯̺ıԵʣȴǵõ˴磬
󣡡
ȴģһԳ׶ߵıԳԾֱӾͳɽȥҲɻʲô
ң
һ׷ȻߣĿŭһһ̯һͳУ˫һչ˾ͼٵĳűԳȥ
شŨԪ籡ֱӾͳԳͷ­ȥ
أ
شСȭͷһһǴг˷ȥıһƷɣͬʱɵĻǸִߣƲסԼΣǿͣסΣ԰׵ӿһ糺죬ĸΪҰס
һ˫۾ڣ¶ģȫǾ֡
شּ͵ϮȻ·磬룬ͷԳѾǼΪ򵥡
ʱԳȺǿ߻սһѣԳڼڵѹ£Ҳֲˣ粽ѽֻŭ
յĹ䣬ҫε쾧ϣֵĸ貶Ŀǣȴû˸ҿһǻ⵽ڶǿߵΧʱɽ˽Ĵڡ
ǣ쾧ʱȴǿʼ³ˣһɽ֮ڣõǽɽ俪ǾͲһһϦˡ
ô죿
뻪첢ûж³쾧ż

ǱصǿߣҲǴüͷһʱ䣬Ҳ벻ʲôõİ취
󣡡
һȭһǿߺ˳ȥԳ쳤ƬԭıԳٻ֮ǳΧӵ
󣡡
ǧıԳ˷ۼõЩԶΧ۵ĴʦǿĶӣ˼پʬ壬ʲôҲûõ

˶ɫ䣬ǲñԳõͬʱҲϣ˵õĿıԳǸ޿ɵɽ£ѾѻһԳʬԳΪ˵õ쾧ǲϧһдˡ
ó侧ɡ
һ϶Ϥڷƶ𣬶ʱɫӿһĨ޷ϲ֣óһ侧
ͣһ侧ʲô
ϲЦһǳˣˣ
ʮ˿侧ȫΧŷת
һΪԵϣоһɿֲϢϢõë
ϣö޹Ľָ¶һӨڣʱ͸оӸͲԼˡ
Ҫһнң
ϵһ䣬ԭ


94 ϳ
󣡡


Գ຿ĲҽУɽΧһƬΪҡ
ΪԳĵȽձƫͣЩǿһȥԳȺǻᵹȥһƬǣȴǼĿֲѾͷԳԶһֱ಻ĸ
һͷͷԳϡã棬һǿ߱׺ݵıԳ˺룬ҲڶԳʳʬ޴档

һɺ嫵ƣһЩǿ߶ǸӦˣ̧ͷľͷԳڡ
һں֮ڵĺˣʹСǣȴƯʮ˿侧֮࣬Щ侧һ˸˸˸ԣһԪô侧ڣȴûΪգҲûʧ
һĻõǸ֪ʲô£ֻ֪ϢѾԽԼܶࡣ
侧ۿɼٶڱСڵԪ˳ãʮ˿侧ȫռУֻһŴԼʮƽŨֺ嫵Ԫ
⣬ʮ˿侧ܺͣǣЩԪƺѾǵԪǰˣΪԪ֮ڣ˻ޣǸоһëȻϢ
ǿǿ֣ܳСӣ´μǵŪ侧
ֵڷԺƺѾȫţǲ⡣

Ǽٵĳ鶯£Ҫ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ʮ˿侧ͻγֵĻᣬݳޣ
ΧǺޱߵƣҲΪаԷģһ죬ҪӵΪ
ã
չ̫죬ֱǿǲŴ󺰲

һλڼߣ˫һչγ𣬳ɽ⼱Ӷȥ·ǿ߶һ뷨Ѿ˲ɱˣȫһҪ쾧

ۣӺ´ԲϣõڳǿߣԳȺһ
һϯۣڿգûѤ˫ȴվ֮ϣ嫵Ϣͬoٳһ㡣
⡭
ҲΪƣ˿һξ룬Ŵʱķƣе𺳣޷
һ꣬Ϊӵܵģ
ؼ
ֻֿܣУһЩԶż壬ӵг޷ؼʹӵк֮ܡ
벻Ȼõ˴˵ȴУ
ƲסҲǼٵţһ˫۾ڣȫǼ֮ɫ
Ҫһ˵ˣ
Ϊ᰹ĺԶ˵ᰵǰ;
ڶСڣ᰹ʳļʮ֮УֻһеƫµСѣԣڻʳõԴҲȽޣΨһֵģ
һӰԳӰȫǲһеĳԾŵĺˣѾֱۣǾֵĿ⣬һ޴İƣֱ
ƣ
Įܶ˵꣬Ż䣬һ嫵ƣֱ˹ȥȥģ飬ڣűԳһֱͬӱķ˳ȥڱϣһӳͣЩԳȺһֻֻ߷ĺԶˤ
󣡡
Գٴθ߸ߵԾ𣬺۾ٴγ쾧ȥ
֪
ٴδһߣ˫һգԪδֱ֣ץԳ
أ
£Ѿڸ߽׵ıԳֱӱĽ˱֮£һټİӡӡڱ֮ϡ
˻
Զ˶Ǳ𺳵ˣܶԿλڵıԳǸصĺ¾Ȼ޷֮
ˣ
ǿߣнһҲû˸ǰһԳȺûԳָʾҲ֪
⼸µڣǲڵģӵǶиߵʱȴǳһλʱ˲֪롣
ƱҲסˣ˼ĿԼơ
ղǾ캳صܣֱϴȥģ
Ȼֻǽȴȵܣ룬ķϸӵкεȵ
ͣ治񫣬̫ˣ
ϵһͣԼĲ⴫ݸƣõٴγ鴤Ρ
Գı֣ƿһֱУȻһĵ룬Ҫεȵ
һ˫˫𺳵۾ע£ŶĿɽɽ⣬ʱѾû˸ȥ
˫һ̣Ƶ쾧Ǳ˽ָ֮ڣٴɨһȫ׼һ򣬱ǼӶȥ
㶣˿˫һչȥ
ճõڶǿΨпЦǧԭ֮ϣȴëҲû̵ƺܱסѾǺ˵ˡ


95 
һɫӰӹʣƬ֮󣬺Ȼͻأͣ˰֮ϣɨһ£ѾħɽȺдУ޺ɨһɽǻ
ʣһЩҲ˷ˡ
ϵڷƻƵԪ£𽥵Ŀʼ£ȫǽ뵽ϵöӵĽָ֮ڣЩԪȫʧһ۵ķƲ˳
£һ˫գţԴ΢΢˦һֽţȴûٸоǹɺ嫵
ʦ𣬸ղšô£
΢΢ŤŤӣüͷʵѯʵ⣬ǸղЩԪΪλӵǰ嫵ܣֱ̫˼ˡ
ٺ٣
ʻϺһЦ͸¶ޱȵĵ⣬ܼ򵥣ֻЩ侧תӵе쾧ѣ侧ʵ̫ˣӳܣҵİеİ٣ǧ侧пҴȫһġ
ǧöпܴȫһ
ĿõķֱӴ󷭰ۣڿһҲûˣңǷ˼һʮ֮࣬ⲻ΢΢ࡣ
֣湻ݳ޵ģ
쾧
ţһ֪ϣҲܾģģǾԲֹһ쾧ô򵥡
ٺ٣ܾ쾧ȻԵԪһǣܣٺ٣㶮ġ
ָڴǵĺЦپҲǼΪ⣬㱣ɫԶ֣ϻ
⡭
ȻҲ뵽㣬ʱЩһ˫۾ڸ⡣
ţλʣ²侧ŻʹΣˣǸһˣ쾧ĽָڣԣȻħ޴ϣǿǴĲ
ŷϵ£̧ͷǼһϯ۵Ļ죬ʼӶĻ˻֣
ϡ
һԣһЦĿ߽ߡ
ǰּٵ꣬мΪпڱԭϵı֣˵׽𺳵ˡ
ֻһֱӻˣڣһͷ۷ıԳʮ飬ͷԳǺεȵܣ
ֱţǷܾͳǰϣǣĨ΢Цʵ飡
ʣȴףЩ£ǲʵģֻܽѾߵĻ˻ȥǵһĨЦ
ʦҺÿడ
ҡҡͷҲϵĺ۽£һԡ
ٺ٣
ԣҲֻڨڨһЦҲµͷ֪ģ˳ǣϣλҪл侧
Ŷ
һĨ⣬ʱͽʱλطһ飬һɻһɻ
ȻҲʮ˿侧ǣƾʮ˿侧ͷųǰܡ
һֽװгӵСеݻƣڶڣһ߽ɽ
Щʪĵ̵˼Ƥ֮󣬷ƲȥѹѹеļĻһʦ𣿡
ȵ״̬ѵ״̬
ϵҲǳء
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ˿Ǳ۾ʼڵԪ

ʱȴֿˡ
ϯۣڱԭϣڶǿУȡ˴˵е쾧Щ˵ĿУֱӱ񻯣˵һƣҲܽĳһǿ߾ͱĲǱԳֱǱһָͷˡ
ɲ˲ţΪǸ˵ȷˣȻԳûеõ֤ʵǱɽΧЩӣȴ֤ȷ顣
Ǹڲ׵İӡӡļ䣬˸ҥ
Ψһ뵽ģ
ʵ˵Ļ쾧ȷȾǿߣֻ˳ֵ̫ͻأˡ
Ǹׯ԰Ǽ鷿ֻǣȴȫµĹΡ
ǰ򵹵ĺ˵һƳֵƬΣеëֱӱ۶ϡ
ۣ֮ô
߼ʵ
سϣʱһͽڳ˵Ȼһۣȴûҽ̵ıʶ
˵ź̧̧Լ䣬ڴһͬ߰
ģ
һ㶣ϾͻһɫиȵЩС£ûһõģǻǺã
̧ƣһڵ˳ȥŵĺڣһĲҽдɢѾûټǵϣֻһ̲ѪĴڡ
˭˭ԣ
˻ͬУ


96 ׼
ΪʪɽڣһƤ֮ϣƽΪҪ쾧ȻҲȫ׼ǷҲа⡣
ʱ䣬˽һСʱңŻһٻ̾һҡҡͷЦȻڵܾѾΪ侧˻ƽؾȴǻƼͽ׶ѣ֧ҵģ
ǺǣСӣͷİɣΣֻҪܳɹ쾧ҹ㣬ܾӦþܹɹ׼𣬵ʱӵؾ㣬ӦѾܹؾϵ£ڴǿˣ
ָڴϵİοҲʱգһĳʱͦĽƵġ
Ѿģ߾ӵҩ֮Ǻεȵʱˣ
ϣɣһᾡġ
ƽ죬һ˫͸žǿ㡣
쾧̺ڼʶڱԭϵһĻ֮󣬷ƶܣ˿ɣȻ˵ܾĽҪ֪侧ȴţѾɽı쾧ܵٿ侧Ȼ쾧ҲûǸʸõô½ǿΪ֮
ˣȽ׼õҩó
˵棬ϵҲǱúΪء
š
Ƶ˵ͷһ֣ǧ˸âҩǰаϡ伶Ļݡ
ݣǼƷϡ伶ҩϧûȻҩܱͨҩݣҲǡ
ҲĻԵͷޣͻװ׵Ĵ
ǧҩչʮУŵģ·ʵҲûѶĹ
꣡
ţһԪϵöָ籡ǧҩȫڣƱǼһҩԪ£𽥵ĿήԼ˰죬ЩԪŻص˽ָڡ
ǰǧҩѾټڷǰһСͨҩҺͬһŻһ㣬鸡䣬ɢһۿɼͬʱҲõڻصһɳҩζ
ֻ΢΢ţƱǾһ⣬ҲһЩ
ȷЩҩҺǿڳҩԣȻƾʵԻᱻ
ЩصĽ
ţ
ƿЦŵ˵ͷʵȷ̫΢ˡ
˳ͨҩҺһ鸡ŵҩҺһĽĿС
ɻһ㣬Ƶ漴Ҳ̼ͨҩҺ£ӣţһƬͨ죬ֱũҩϵĻҩ΢΢Ļζɳ̵ҩԣűȡ˹ȥãƵɫŻĻָ
Ĩһϵĺˮ˽ƣ֮У΢źˮصһĭʵʦ𣬽ô
Խ쾧óˡ
һӨӨ֮⣬ӽָɢ۳ϵϵϣҲǳǰδеء
á
΢΢˵ͷӦһһһһĴָС쾧͸ǰ
伫֮һۿɼĺƣһɽ֮е¶ȣԼٶţڵĽЩˮҲڵһʱ䣬ֱɱ
һڶڵĻ죬Ҳ˽ӣòԪһҪʼô
ڣɴһĨɻԵܸоƲǱԵʣȴҪԵ쾧ֱΪȴ
ɹ䣬ô
˻ͷûȥܶڵ״һĹעĶ̣ԲܱȻû쾧һЩ伮ҲǿЩע
⼸ܽѪҺ̵¶ȣõķƵҲΪ֮һֱũҩ֮ϵöͨҩһž»ظ˹
һ۾Ķǰ麮Ȼ쾧֮ϣһĨοɬ
һ֮ǰŵ֪ڣڷϵһϯףѰ쾧⽫ΪԼһʹ
Ϊֻвϵںϸ쾧𲽵ӵиԣܾҲֻܾ߽ܽףܱסԼ̤۷壬վڴ½Ľ壬
Ϊ˵õĴָС쾧ҲԼڲģзڶ˵Ǹ߲ʵǿжȡ֡
ʤƷ
쾧ϵ˿Ц⣬𽥵ĳƬ̹΢Щ˻Ƶĵ˻𣬴ЩЦ֮쳹ɽ֮ڡ
Ͼվŷйе꣬һĨο͡
һʱڣһֱŷƣ֤ĳɳ֤Ŭ֤СС꣬һδξǾҲܵͻơ
ڣһŬҲ˿ʱˣ


97 
СصŰ鸡ŵ쾧ȻѾҪ侲ӣȻǲֹ΢š
СĴָСĶǿǼԭľۣ󣬽ǧյĿֲѹôһֻĴָС쾧СȫıǺεȵĿֲ˵㼴ʹһǿߣȻҲֻһ³
Ƶɭ쾧˸°ϵİ룬Ǳǣ
˻
Ƶͫ͵һ͹ڱԭϣǿߣһǶǱ룬ǺεȵĿֲޱߡ
ʦ𣬽ôŪ
ǿ򶨣ƴһ˿ʵ
׼ģѾ׼ˣʣµģˣСӣҿ㣬Ҫ׼ʹҲסһԣԶҲˣ
ӨӨ֮϶ɵĲӰϾأĽš

һĬĬĵ˵ͷ

գգ۾૵
ʼɡ
üͷһֱһ㵵꣬ŬҪά򶨵ĲУȻһֲ
ڣҪеģΣյһ裬ǾҪЩ쾧ڣȻҪڵԪͬӶӵ쾧ܡ
ԣƵҲ΢΢Ķ˶΢΢ͷڵӣĶƵ쾧ڰ׷У˸һĨ
ܷƵμᶨּľʱУȻмֿ־
ҲϾ쾧ܣۼڣҪ֮ڣľ壬Ҳġ
ŷƵĳĬɽ֮ڣ𽥵ļžڶǻţһӨıҲӶϴ

ٴγһƳǿ쾧ȥһһɼͬһĻϣõʱ˸ĶҲ˲佩ֱ
ܵ˼ָũҩ֮ϵĻҩǼʱɢһɹӣҲɢһӨӨĺ⡣
ܵղһ˲ʹ࣬Ƶ쾧Ƶӣǳ鴤˼Ρ
ŷֻ΢΢鴤ƣҲ̾һϲδΪƵĳɶֳʲôʧйǳһ̣Ǻֵҡڲ
ң뵱꣬Ҳ鼶ɵһ쾧ȫ׼ҲǱĥȥû
ƣʱȴ߶ѡ
쾧꣬վһԣһֱųĬûп˵κεذοΪ쾧żķգǲᶨǾֻ·һ
ԣƵĳ˲δڣֻǰȴľȴţǰ꣬ʧ
ʱ䣬ڳĬ֮Уţĳһ̣ȻһһڱĿ΢΢̧ͷ¶΢۵ĲƫͷһԱųĬķ΢΢һЦϵ쾧ʦ𣬿ʼˣ
ţԼɹģ
ԣǲϵ¶һĨοԼ͵Ц⣬΢΢˵ͷ
ǣҶԼһǺĵġ
ӿֳһĨõЦ⣬һĨȥ
Ψ쾧ܸı䣬ȻǾͲƽӹǵ
һԵ˵˵ͷƱǱ۾ĺһΡ
ĬĬܾһȻȻľʹڴϣ쾧ҲɢһɭӨ⣬һɭ쾧˳ֱۣڡ
ͬʱƻ类׻һ㣬ҵ͵һлЩѪɫӣȻòҰһ˪ֱӸȫ˱һ
ѪҺѾˣѾû˸оҲֹͣˣ
ɭںֱײݻ٣ƻһлܣڻĳ룬ʱһֱѹŵöҩˣ
ͬһŻһ㣬ɭ֮ҡҷţɢһȣס¶ȣʱ䣬Żͬ˻һ㣬һ㼴ţʼȼգγһҵĻ棡
ͻأģؿڴһŻ⣬ʼڻա

ſڣƾͷһĲҺ
һʲôʹ䣬ֲãһѸֵһһиļ⣬Ƥ⣬񾭣ڳޱߵʹ࣡


98 ں
һҪס
ѾʹЩŤӣһԿҲЩţһ˫ڣǵ֮ɫ
ѵ̫ˣ
ŴдĲҺ˲Щڡ
ǰǳҩҩܵԵʴǣʹһܳܵ˵ģ
ˣ
̾һԴҲ޲ߡ
䳹ǵĺֱۣƺܸоһ˫ֱ֮϶Ǳ˱ţȫ΢΢Ŷ£ͷ֮ϣһӨı˿ϡ
һ·ڣȻ˳žʼ˷ǱɺľǻٵھԼ֮ϣһ׵ı㡣

һӣĶţֵĺΪһ˻𣬴ĿкҲЩ˻ˡ
ӣһ̼ͨһɭһ߱һȣֱȥõֱӻԹȥ
ǣ֪ԼܻԣһֹܾͣǺ᲻룡
ֻǿڴ˺Ѱľʹűϣ𽥵ĳڡ
ʱڵһмѾְȻ˫ֲãʤܿģȻǷƵӡ
Ŵֱĺ࣬Ż棬Ҳңڣ¯һ㣬ɾ޴ڵսݺݵɱţʹֱõ÷Ƶ岻ϵļԳţһһϵʶţҰ׵ӣû˿Ѫɫ
ǿЩʹƴܾͼȥƿЩ쾧
ĲиŬ֮ϼ˵ԪУڶ˿ȻֱܿסǷȴǸоʵĶˣ
󣬷Ʊǽȫľ棬һԪǿʼŽӴڴһɭ쾧
һӴƱǴͷֱۣ֮һԪоֱӱ޷
ʧ֮󣬷Ʋδʹ˷ǿžҵʹʹֲܾиתԪУһͳſ쾧
һʧܡ
ʧܡ
ʧܡ
ڲ֪ʧ˶ٴ֮󣬳ԵýѾľķƣͷ͵һæ񣬵¿ϲķ֣һСɭ쾧֮бԪ֮ڡ
һƵľʱΪ֮һ
ȡɹһƣܾʱһЩԪУҲǸɶһЩǸͷ
һֱܾ֮ϣǣԪУ׼һĿ꣬ΪһƣҲҲԵĸоࡣ
ˡ
ת䣬һֱͣӳɭӿȥһβУΣβУΣ
ڷƲ۲ӵļ£ڶ쾧Ҳɹ˱ںˣ
ʱ䣬ڻţ˳ɹ˶ƺϵʹҲȫĸоˣƵ˼ȫǷ棬ÿһεںϳɹޱȵľϲ
ȡںһС쾧֮󣬷ƱǾãԼԪ֮ڣҲЯһЩԣʱܾڽˣ
Ƽнף
ܾٴνҲõķƶӳģƷؾһﵽ׵ĵزǸʱ򣬽ʶ۷֮ʱ
Ҳֳֵ쾧֮󣬲ôЩһСţֹܵʮϰٿ侧
ؾһת͸ӵˣΪѾںһЩԣں͸ӵˡ
Ǽ޴ɭĺ˿Ӽٵĳ鴤˼£ǿסһ鴤ʹУҧǣԪУһһƵɣںţչԼĵ̡
ں˸쾧֮ԪתǱøӵ˳ܾҲܸоٶȽš
һƬãһʱȥˣԪֱǻָתٶȣǸӵĿ٣ʹҲ𽥵ķŻ
ʱϵ쾧ѾϣƸһһĿʼںϡ
һĻһվŵķϣ˿״¶һĨ֮ɫ
һ۷壬ʲôţ̥ûмǣΪɹΪ쾧׵𺳵
Сӡ
˵ǣ¶һĨЦ⣬˵֮ǰ̵ֻΪ˴УڣȴǶСС꣬
ƿ䣡
ΪĪʣֻеһһˣ׵ƿ䣬ӵ֮䣬һûп֡
ļʮʴߣûƿصģ׷׶Ǳš
ô


99 ɹ
һУǳźõķչڵԪУȡɭڹѩһ㣬ԽԽЩͨԪ𽥵ת˱쾧
ʱ򣬴ũҩ֮ϵĻҩȴΪĹ࣬𽥵ıɭ˻ȥһСһ㣬ũҩ֮ҡҷţƺʱϨ
ûѹƣɭ쾧˼ɣŰȫƵӾͱŷһɺϣǱ˪ڵѪҺٶҲ
ɿɣ
Ƶɫ෢ϣݲס¿Ҳ
죡찡
ȻԪУȡٶѾǺܿˣǣڱԵ쾧ʵ̫ˣһȡֻǱˮн𲻵ʲôá
ͻƣ
Ժһ뵽ֻܾܾͻƣпܻʱ״Ȼûںɣɭüˡ
һڳײţ֮޲ͬйιһ鼡⣬ֱʹľɨ࣬һľʹֱõ÷һѪ˳ȥ
ɭÿһƤ⣬ʱһѿڣڷϳͣѪѿĿӿ˲䣬ǽȾ졣
ݻҧţһһľʹѪʧõ÷Դѣ˺һ󣬷ƽϢˣûзֹܾͣ
֮ʣһĪܣڵĸ˳ģЩѿĿӣȻʹ˻ĺ£
ܣȻܣȴ޵ģֻ֧Ҳǳ׵ޣЩӣٴεĿʼѿ
ŷͻȻһϵе䣬һԵķ۽ǲֹĿӿֳһӨ⣬ֱŷơ
ϵӼٵı˱䣬һƽɣֽƬ̺󣬷ɢȥеӨ⡣
Ȼ
ϳһ䣬һ֣һбǴӷϵĽָ˳鸡ǰ
д򿪣һö˸ӨӨ⣬ںڣ΢΢һ߶һƮȻȥ˷Ƶڡ
ҩԵļ룬ڷũҩ֮ϵöѾȴĻҩȴͬϻһ㣬ʱǷҵȼ

ܵڵı仯΢΢һ㶣ԱǴϵĸרģ

û۾ȴ˿ٽ⿪Ƿ
ʱķƣѾеͶעԪ֮ϣеתһɭ쾧У֮ϣҲ𽥵һɵ
ˡ
һܾٴνˣ
Ƽ߽ף
ӿһɿϲȼ۵ؾ᰹ڣѾǺܲˣ
ʹڼȴͷΧ֮ڣ٣ƱǾãιһУ϶з츲صı仯
⣬ǲ˵ˣƤ࣬ܵ˲̶ͬȵԣһΣƵջ񣬿Ķ࣬εĿʹҲǰܵģΪպ󣬿Ǵι̵ĸ
ʱţڵɭ쾧Ҳյ߰˰ˣҩĻ棬ֱӾѹԵĽЩɭȫһڣȴű
ʱ򣬷ƱǿһĻ
ԪеϷһöεӣ𽥵ĳͣ쾧ģû˿Ĳ
⣬Ӧþʦ˵ģ˰ɣ
𽥳͵ĹˣƵĺǼ
ڳɹˣ
ö쾧һͣЩʣɭγһӨ뵽ڣûоԪС
ˣܾ
ԪתٶȻȥƲżܾûнʱæܾе˼¡
ĻᣬˣٶҪٿ侧֮ԣԲ˷һһ

ЩûоԪУͶܾĽ𵽲ãԣڱЩ

Ԫӵ׳ڵԪ֮࣬Խ࣬ʹؾƷԽߡ
ˡ
һԪ͵һʱֱһ֮࣬Ǿʹܾٴεõˣ
̶̵ʱڣܾʹӻƼƷֱӽƷһȼ֮ߣ
쾧ȻǺö
еϲ޷
ʱǿྡʱ
쾧ȫȡˣˣĻζɢһķȫڡ
ɹˣ
ɽ֮УһԵķһֵķƣҲصһϵϣοЦ⣬΢΢˵ͷ
΢΢һЦ˵ŵǸֲСһﰡȻΪ˵Ķ֮ʹ˲𰡣


100 еͻ
ɽ֮ڣһɭƣУʵ֣ͷɭĵ£õΧ£Ҳڼٵ½ţһЩ䣬ѾӽڻıһεıӨһƬΪ
֮ڣɭҵķţʹĿ⣬ҲĿ״
ĬĬĿһеķʵĹ֣΢΢һӣҲ𽥵иȻѾɵһô쾧ļƻѾǻˡ
Сһﵹͦ˵ģܳˣԺҪٺܶˡ
΢΢𣬷ϴЦ˵š
Ǻǣ벻Ȼĳɹˡ
ЦһٶȱֳĬİɽ֮ڣҲǻ˼ž
ɽڣɭ֣ͷŵĺâֱ֮ϣƣǹ֮ڣһƤ֮ϣʱƺһʶ״̬ΪղŵںϹ̣ҲǷѾоʹѾΪƣҲǻججܾҲһ£ûһµš
ȻƵֻججİ״̬֮£ǣԪ֮ˣȴǿʼԼĶ
Ļζţһ˳Žת뵽µÿһ缡Ƥ֮ϡ
ʱЩɢΪǰ˵Եʣûͷųֲֿɭ˳ڵĽ֮䣬ЩһһƵϸСϸϸĴз΢΢䶯䣬Ȼ𽥵ڽЩƤ֮С
ЩŵϴӣƻµһУž˵ı仯
Щɢ˳һʶ֮ڲЩɭݺݴ˵ļ⣬һϲٶȣѸٵ޸ţң޲õľȵȣ͵ĳ̶ȣҲԶԶĳ쾧֮ǰǿȡ
Щ޲ŷƵڲ֮ʱǲѪ۵壬ѷҲ𽥵ںϣҺܿĽ裬Ȼ䣬ûκεĺۼƤµļ⣬ҲѸٵıǿš
һһĸɿݵƤٵĵţƤ𪣬˸һӨӨ֮⣬ʱƤȻȥΪǣ߱ķȴǰǿ˼ֹ
ʱȫµļƤ⣬ڴ˿̷˷ܵһƶõԭѾòӣѸٵǿ޸ţʵ˵ʵҲһֻԵˡ
޸ǿڻĽţЩƵһ֮תһȦֻصԪΧ΢һ֮һζõЩһͷ·Ԫ֮С
Ľ룬ԭѾƽԪУʱǾҵĲһȦȦˮһ㣬ϵԪڲϵĵš
һ뵽֮ڣҲһһǻţƺϴЩԪ
κԪھͳ˷츲صı仯ⲻӣʵı仯ֻƬʱ䣬Ԫ֮ڣǱЩԪš
ˡ
һԪ͵һڸʾţͻˣ
ʦ
ЩԪʣѾﵽʦĵز
ʱ򣬷ƲûһУĬĬɡ
ͻ֮˲ûֹͣζһûɢȥֱӾ·Ԫ֮ڣһһϴ֮ڵԪĴȣʣڻ
Ƕô˷һĻԪʣǼģҪʱĴĥŻỺǣЩϴ֮£ȻҲۿɼٶڱ仯š
Ԫ֮µλã䣬ڳڣûеĶȴͳ˷ڡ
УһֱĬĬתţɫڣһƬ޾ڰͬһڣɢһɹҪɾԪǣǹȴֱӱתŵԪֱӾ͸ɳ֮
ݵһЩڵν֮쳹أǣܿƵĻȴǻᷴһþͻһ;
һУÿܾ
ҲдԪ֮͸£һԪУֱӾͱڵĴ˽ȥûзһ˿ôɢ١
䣬ͬںһ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƵȴȻһȻȫ˹
ܵѣˣҲֹͣ˻ζЩȻȻľͱڣʲôҲûзһ㡣


101 
ɽ֮УӨ㣬۳һ߲ϵΣ˵ĿǰƵĹ֣κüͷ΢壬ʱôõôãѵʲô⣿
ٴεȴƬ̣ƵЩȻûɢȥͷüͷøˣһᣬɢǲŨ
˼֮ʱһֱŵٵȫڣţһɭϢ͵ŵϣΧ˷ɢȥ
Ϣ΢΢һ㶣΢ЩȻĵһôȻǿôࣿѵȻͻˣ
ҡҡͷϸź룬Ǵһ˿΢ЦʦнףӦ쾧Ĺ͡
Цһû˵վȴľѡ
ڷƵ֮һʱȲڣûȥעԪУǿöεˡ
öεˣ쾧ģûֻǱȽСɣһöһ棬һɰĺڣõΪ֮һ
Կô
ĬĬģܾԪһһĵţöӨ͸ˣǱһɭŷ⡣
꣡
һΪľϯΧĶ֮ϣһܿĳͣһɺϯõĶڵĻҲӡ
ˣôûã
ڵĶڣüͷվ
ⶴ⣬һͷͷħޣʬڳȻŵ쾧Ĵڣħޣ볡棬Ҳûʦģǣڻ£ͳͳҲֻ޵
߶ѣ̫ðˣ
Ųӿĺ̾һȻ츳߼𣬾ͳ쾧һ㣬ȴôá
оĵһֱĺȻỳɡˡ
ܳɹһߣȻ죬Ȿһ漣
Ļ˻ͷĿҲ¶һĨϣ૵ϣܴ漣
ɽ֮ڣһۿɼĺԷƵӲϵΧƣ˺ðʱ䣬𽥵˻ȥ
ʱһֱƤ֮ϵ꣬յͻȻ΢΢ĲƬ̺󣬻˿
֮Уһ㵭ţ֮󣬺ȻӿϣȻǽӶһʱ䣬Ƶڣŷһȥйĸо
֮ͫеδã𽥵ȥȫȥ֮ٶȻع֮ɫֻڵӣ֮ǰƺԵøࡣ
ƻվǸоΪֱ΢΢ŤŤ²ӣ˶ֽţʱµÿһǻĦţһΪž죬һ泩
ͻˣ
ʱ򣬷Ʋž쵽Ԫеı仯ʱǻһ㵣ǻһĿϲ֮ɫ
ʦнף
֮ǰһֱͣ߸߽׵λãһֱӾףϵڱһ㣬ҵķЩκģվɵɵЦš
Σ
ҲһЦĿת䣬ð죬һ䡣
ٺ٣
˷ܵĴ˴֣һЦȻǽĹϸ˵˳
ţ
Ƶ˵ϸź룬ðκ󣬷ŷĵ˵ͷһ䣬ֱӾ÷ƸǸ˵Ҳˡ
Ȼ˵ʧ̬ǷҲû˵ʲôϾԼҲ飬ǰ£ɱѣݼԣţպĸ߶ȣԻԼ֮ϡ
뵱鼶ȥԣңʱܾҲɴ侧ѳ߽ףǵãһͼĽ쾧ҲõȥȻɹˣҲǾһ
Ҳǽ쾧֮ܣӴ֮󣬱죬Ҳ˿ѹ
ʦнףҲԵ쾧˰ɣң棬Ǳڵģպͻˣ࣬ɲǰܵģ
ԽǿţԷƾԽ⣬ǷϣҲ¶˳
ţʦģһŬģ䣬һգ
˳˵Ŀ⣬Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷϣĨأɲװˡ
ӵ֮ˣҪţǾͱһֱǰͷһ£Ҫɣȫİ취Ǿǳ׵䣡
ֻ䣬֮ܽ·Բ


102 
Ȼʵõ˴ǣɲþһ£ԣҪĳ׵
˵ţϵЦһɫصĽ
ţף
ڸղţԪ֮ʱƱ͸оЩ̫˳֣Դʱӵееɬ
ţ֪ͺá
ԣüͷһ¶Ц⣬ȻԷƵı֣Ѿûвĵط
Ǻǣʵѡ
ʼ磬΢Ц
ˣһ쾧ԵܰɣõĵһŶ
Цŵ˵ͷһ΢Ц˵
š
˻ƵϣҲӿһĨε˷棬˴ƣ˫ֻ̽Ȼıպϣڣһ˳ȥ
ڵԪͬһʱ˷ӦֻһԪֱӾӿö֮ڣ΢΢һ΢˲֮һɭ͵ıӿ
Щɭ˱ŷȻ˳ڵľţգʱ󣬱ͽ뵽ֱ۵ľ֮С
ɽڲ΢ķƣȻ͵˫ۣɭٶȴӶյȭͷȻ̯ĳϣӿһĨأһ
ŷƵĺ£΢΢һţɭ˲ӿȻɿĽưС
ĺɽ֮ڣһ꣬˱ֱվվ˫΢΢̯һ˫֮ϣһʵɭһĻһ𺳵Ӿо
۾Ķ֮ϵԪǹɭĹԣƵһǳǳĻȣƬ֮󣬻𽥵ЦӺ䴫ٹһᣬЦתǳ׵׵ĴЦҷƣҲӵˣ
Ц쳹˶⣬վֱӣȻһٵתڵĶڣϵɫʶ૵ɹˣ
ڣӿһ޷֮ɫ
һûԵ꣬ȻԵ쾧Ȼɹˣ
ôܣ
˸ͷ­һֱһζţȻ޷ʵãŻƽ
ҲΨһǸ̥
˵ţϣһ˿뾪ޡ
ɽ֮ڣƵ˷ЩԵķƣЦЦδڽ꣬Сá⣬һֱѹ״̬µڵóԸ⿪˳ĽᣬõйһҲͦá
߿ĿЦɽгã𽥵¡
ԴһĨЦ⣬ƵͷǲϿյƣЩƶвϲ
ɫȻͨԪûǣ֮䣬ȴЩɭԶȻΪ̫ɭԵʣԶõΧ¶ȣҲǼٵ½ţֻ֮ϰߴĿռ䣬ȻֱֳһۿɼҲЩģ
űǵȭͷһϢһ͵һתʱҵļ֧һ㣬Ѹɽ֮ȭͷһɭľ磬ݺݵȥ
䣡
ȭͷֱڼӲɽʯ֮ϣһɭޱ˲䱬ʱһƵǴ鿪һһѷ죬ǸȭͷΪģӶƬʱ䣬Ǳ鲼⴦ɽڡ

һڿǰ⼴ɽڣ֮ϸһĨĵЦ⣬ЦЦȭˡ
˵һǣǰѾѷɽڣʱǺ¡УʯĽȻЩʯ֮ϣһ˪
Щʯϵı˪˦˦ֱۣЩϲ˵쾧ȻֲҪǴϡٺ٣
ĹǿȣȻͨԪҪǿ
̾˼Ʊǽǵɭڣ΢̽һڣüͷϲȫһԪȻû٣ܾĽֻԪָٶȣҲǿˡ
Ǻǡ
ԣϸһЦ΢Ц˵µûԽǸ߽׵ؾԪĺôĶ٣ָٶȣȻеٶȣ
ţ
÷ϵĻҲһϲĵͷ棬ид
һؾĸߵܾͣһ֮ĳɾͣǾԵģ
ͬǿ߶ԾԪָٶȣ𵽾ԵãٶȣӰ쵽һ˵Ľٶˡ


103 Ǳ
Ʒйϣǽһ˻ؽָ֮ڡ

Ƴ˿ɨһΧѪ߰ߵҩʦۣЦҡҡͷǻһɾһĳȥ
һֱվ߳꣬ӣķ
ɹˣ
Ȼ֪컹̲סһ䡣
š
˳Ŀ⣬ƻĵ˵ͷǴһĨϲɫ

𰸣ѹֲסĺݺݵΣҲǱȽϼ١
ˣ
ʱʲôҲݻʱ飬꣬漣
ϣڣ쿴˾ǿ㣬ᶨƣ
˳ĬĬУɨһǰħɽŶߴ޺۾̲סһ
Ǵ֮֮
ϣ㲻Ļ룬ڴ˵סΣ
תͷƶŻ˵
ϵȶѾȵʴڣ볤ʱΣܳ׵ĸʱ䣬ܳҪһ֮á
Ǻǣ
ЦһиһĨм΢Ц˵ʦоͿԣ
֮ǰؽƸһλ߽׵ҩʦ˼ǼӣǶ˵ĺ㣬̬ȣǸǶӣû⣬һĶ𣬶ڣǰ֮꣬һȣֱر
ǣ˱ħɽ֮ڣվס
ƣÿÿգɽ֮Ѱ׼ħ֣ô㣬һΪͻȻڶȻ⣬ڼ䣬Ҳʹ죬شҲûʲôõķƸɻܵԴ

ڵҹϮɽ֣ЯХ֮д𻩻죬ż֮һ𣬺¡¡ľɽ֮еϢơ
ѹѹ֮ϣ׵˸첻𣬴۵ɫâÿһʱ䣬ǽڵɽҫͬ硣
ɽվɽ֮ϣһӰֶվһվɽ֮ϣӣޱĶϵĵ˱ֱͬһһ㣬ȵĴ֮ϣмΡȻĵȻơ
¡
һ磬֮ƣֱ£ޱȺںƲֱ룬Ȼֻһ˲䣬Ǹ棬ȴӡɽ֮ϵС
괣ڷ׵֮Уδ˵仰Ĭգȫ񣬶Ͷ뵽Ǹ֮С
ԺһһģǸ棬㱼䣬Ŀ⣬Ҳӵһɰƣŷ
ն
΢ŰۣĿ³ֹӣȻżһֽµʯθ߸Ծͬ£һֻ֮ϣһͬ״ԪٵĳΡ

ƴƿֱ֮ӳɽǿĴĹͷ䣬ͬһٶȣ˲ӹƵ˫ҲصˮŢ֮С

˿תǳɽȥ
¡
ת֮ǿһװֱĹɵм䴦һϸСѷ죬ѸٵӶ£һ˲ùȻһ룬һߵ¡
Ʋûлͷ΢΢ﶯ֣ŶڴĻк

꣬۾кĿ޵Ļ
⼸ͱһи𺳵ľˣ˵ȫţ䣬û£
ǣԶĵµĹǣ̲ס鴤¡
һʮĵôǰܣһʦܰĵô
ȻԸԼ۾ǣ֪ʵǰ꣬ǾһС
ǣ
˶ڣƲ΢΢ƫͷƳһǵڲԶľЦһһڿ֮һ΢ЦʵΪΣ
˵ĿǰǿһʮûмŽףһֱȹ̣ȹȹ̣ʦн׵ΪϼͻƳƷľʩչ´ĵؼ似նܣѾǼΪɲ
ţ
΢΢ǿ˵ʦӦҲûģ
ٺ٣
⻰һ֣Цһ˫ԶڵɽģһâӶ
ӰҪˣ㣡׼ô
ǣһĮĻȡ


104 ִ
ڵҹ֮Уȹɽ֣ҲǱ磬һҹúҹɢȥһ˿ԴӶߵʻ佫ɽ֣ʱ¶ǧٿ׵ģ
һͨգӶʻ𣬵ůâڴ֮ϣΪһҹ׵ɽ֣Щ볯

ջ˴ڻϵƣƳ˿۾һĨâͫһ
ϲϣڵȶѾˣ
ͬ۾ߣϴ΢ЦЦ˵

³һԺڵ󷽲۾⻰ϵ֮ϣӿһĨ޷ѹֵĿϲ֮ɫ
ǰ
һμ˳ȥ΢΢һ㶣Ǹ˳ȥ
¡¡

ɣ
Զɽ֮ڣľȻħɢ䣬ǵԾΣ±ŷ嫵ԪԣΧһУɽʯǹȫǶССĿ
ѹֵ̫ˣյýѣſڱǴЦԪӿΧһУɨ
ƾĿһУûгֱһʱ֮󣬻Ŵһ˿Ц⣬˻
лʦⶾ֮һ죬
ǰӣһ˿Ĳ˵š
Ǻǣﻰ
ЦһҡҡͷϣԺͲҪΪʲôʦˣ֪˵ʲôǣĸжĻϣǾ鷳Ƚƺ˰ɣÿĹŤģٺ٣
⡭
һ㶣ɫҲǸֳһĨЦǺǣһͣ㻹ûãԺҾͳɴʦΪСˣΣ
ǺǣԲ
ºӴЦ
С磬ȥģ
ߵ꣬Զʻգ쿪ʵ
ȥȥѧԺ
Ĩ죬ϵЦ𽥵ڣâ˸
Ŷ
ԣ΢в죬ͷǿѾһɫ£üͷ˴أŵãҲҪǾһ·Σ
ã
תƵ¶һЩЦ⡣
ʱ
ڰɡ
ٴɨһɽǰɽЩԼ޺˿Ż˵ͷ

һ˫׵˫Իչӹ˲Ƿʡ

ε֮ϣһ⣬ԶӶȻһɿ磬Ƭ̺֮ߣ˵ڶľĽĻ
ܷģҲҪ鼶𣬿ٶȣǾͲͨǿܰĵˣ죬˭˲룿
һ·ϣҲǿ棬ŮȫҲǳţҲЩɻ
Ǻǡ
˷Ƶɻ󣬻ЦһС磬֪ڣǷѧԺʱ䡣
ԭˣ
ƻȻĵ˵ͷ
ӰԼ֮ڣżµʱ䣬ҪսѧԺǵһѧԺûȥ˼ֻ¸Լ
ԣҲѧԺãĻǾͲߺʲôˡ
ѧԺƶֻҪ츳㹻ܽѧԺУͬһ壬츳ĵߴﲻǾԲܽѧԺģΪֻΪѧԺĨڶѣ
ķƳǽһ
š
Ȼ֪ͷ˼Ǳеĵȴ֮УǷ˽֮𽥵ĵִĿĵأ⻪ǣ
֮ϣƵͷǳ֮µĺΰУһʱ䣬Ŀޣߵ
ΪԼҲΪԼĸףΪԼļ壬ڵĸԼˣ
ӰԼˣ
˫ĶУƵ壬һ̣Щ
ģ΢΢̾ϢһȻ֪ΪԻд˰ĸı䣬֪Բʲô¾ˡ
˼ĺ̫ܶ࣬Īˣȴ˱Ե쾧ңյ似Ҳͬһ㣬ǵǣǴαԭϷ¼
һߣԱǰ㾪춯صܣǰܣõڵҲΪ֮㤣
ԣһʼʹ⣬һҪ£ֺãǰ꣬㸶ٴĴҲԸ⣡
˭ֻǵģһɨ
ҲһĨᶨ
ˣ
ڶྪĿ£컺ĽһСɽϡ


105 ס
ȺӿڣΪûҩʦۣҲǳʮҵĽǷѣ˳֮һޱȷͳ׵չڷƵǰ
ǽֵĿẉ̂ǴϢȺֱ÷Щɵۡ

Ƴ˿ǻعһ
һ뵽ȨļеأЩȻˡ
ȻҲҪԺúεȵȨ󣬵ǣ벻ﵽҷҵͷ
һ糾ΪԼ裬Ƶľ޷ƽ
ʳǿ棬ǿΪ
ֻӵʵܻ˵أ
ôվ۷ɣ
μ䣬ƵǣһĮĻȡ
ϣʹ˸𣿡
ƳһԵĻ칰˹֡
ǺǣѧԺкüأʱ䣬Сȥ
ʱɫҲսƤ⣬ҲԵЩ֮ǰһȣֱر
΢Цſŷƣ۽ԡ

ֻ΢΢һ㶣Ʊ˹ȳﻹеطסʱڨڨЦЦ˵ˣͷϼˡ
߰ɡ
΢ЦķƵļ򣬳Цһǳĳһ·ȥ
Ľֵϣһֱתһʱ󣬱һׯ԰Ⱥ
ȨסҸſЩʦĻ˵һС
Ҳ𽥵徻౻ЩĶ䣬Ҳʼ۲ЩȨס
Ⱥ٣һЩ͵ׯ԰ģԻƺҲΪŸҫȨһַʽ
ԽߣԽӽҲʾˣӵȨһЩ·ˣôŲôǴֲϵˣȻ߽ͶԲĿ⡣
һ·ǰУƱܿԶǽ̻Ի͵ڣֻһԭòõķưࡣ
ݻ
һ·ϣǶ棬ʮûлҲǰԸп仯֮
ǣ˵ľٶһЩ˵УǾͳʮӽǣŻǾٶУԵޱȵ
վס
һѲߵʿǡþǸСӳɨһˣʶӽס
ﲻǸĵطȥ
ϵԵЩƾɣǰСӳУڸǵ¶мɫ

ɫֱӾһƣϱŷ˳ֱСӳ
һԵķƼⷬû˵ǴһЩ޵Ц⣬ڣһ˿ϧ
ʲô췴ɣ
͵ļɫƣǸСӳͷ͵һһŭӿϣƵĳǹԥľֱָš
ߣ
ָԼǰıǹâһֻһһɺ嫵ƣӿǸСӳ׻ŵ˿ȥȻǶʿסûˤһɫҲǵͨ졣
ʿϵʱ򣬻һ䣬֮ϣһɢӨӨ֮ơ

Ϊ̣ôܲʶμǵģأǸ֮ϵġ֣ʱԵޱȵҫۡ
ݼ£
û˿ԥģ⼸ʮʿȫǹȥǸܴСӳ΢΢һ㶣ҲȥͷһƬң͸¶

ԶһЩԭڿֵˣϵЦʱͽһĴ㵡
ҵ᰹ڣǿϵĴڣôһأ
ÿ
ɨһԶΧЩˣջƣͺһ
뿪ʮ꣬ҲܶѾԼĴ˰ɣɨһǸսսĿĵСӳԼӦô
仰ȥ
Ǻǡ
Цһȥʿ𺳵ڵ
㿴Цˡ
Ÿķƣ̾һ¶һ˿Ц΢Щįҡҡͷ
Ǻǣϲطϡ
οһ䡣
Ҳǡ
һЦҲû˵ʲô
ֵȽ׵ɭϵ磬ֻǿ߲ܵأȭͷ󣬲ǵ
ˣ
ѾˣһĴׯ԰ſڣͣ½
Ŷ
Ʊǿʼǰ
ӹģϿǴĸۡǣʱȴǴŽգׯ԰ΧǽǽǴ̦ڣſǿ֮ϣҲ˻ҳеһУ¶һݲϢ


106 ϼ֮
ԼģҲ΢ţ̾һǳſȥ
ˣ
ţˣûдڻҪʱ洫һϵ
ţˣ߳һЩձߣߵһŲϵϣǲƣһ˫ҲǺΪǣ̧ͷǰĻ죬ǵĿڣһ˿ã
ǡ
ı仯νȻЩ죬Ҳһʱ벻
ǺǣϹţʮ꣬Ͳʶˣ
ѾЩձߣһĨжɫ¶Ц⣬Ц˵
ȻʮҲ仯Ĵ󣬵һ۾ϳˣĹܼңţ
Ϲţ
ƺŵӶȻסǵһɨû˫۾⣬ֱǹȥ
ݼ£
ŵҲЩǼѡ
ˣϹţɡ
ǰһ΢Ц
ˣĶ
󣬻ǵǵĿŻ죬һźӣ΢΢Щ͡
ǺǣϹŰ㿴ڣжô
Цһ컽˷һ˽ȥ
ʱʮ꣬ׯ԰ڴ߸ߵӲݣټׯ԰ûһӰԻ
ҲǣһжѾʧʱ䳤ʮĸۡˣҲȻġ
ů̬
ټһʣһϡĹܼһˣ껪ŵ˵һЩЩش¼ɫû˿ĸı䡣
ˣ£ԺԪ˧ÿһʱͻһΡ
Źվһԣ˵
Ԫ˧СӰɣ
΢΢һ㶣ʵ
ǣһԵķƣһԪ˧ɫЩ仯
ǵ¡
ŵ˵ͷüͷǡ£Ԫ˧ȴûˣ˵Ԫ˧ƺʲô¡
Ŷ
еĲ豭üͷ΢һ˴üͷǿһɫôÿķơ
Сˣ
ƺŲ΢΢̧ͷһŵꡣ
ʦ
ֻһۣűǿ˷Ƶǳ
ȻƵ䣬ܽʦȷǲɶõţȴôһ˵Ŀأ
ҡҡͷ벻ס
Ǻǣе㡣
ǿĳ˳ǣƵ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ϼƴ󣬵ȴδϼңȻƹ᰹бԪ˧뵽飬Щء
ϹţһɾķСסˣֱѧԺ֮ǰСסˡ
ԣǳŻŽ
ǣ
ŵͷԷƵүɡ
ǡϣҾȥЪϢˡ
Ż칰˹֣ƱǸŻ߳
ڣֻʣ»һˣ۾ָϵķ֣ã۾
ѵϼң
ԴƵıֻ춼ǷУϵȻóеһЩֱղţŹܼᵽϼңƵɫٴεת䣬õɣǲϼЩìܣߡԹ
ϵĳޣķǳףףһ֪СǼ壬Ϊλϼǣ
һ뵽ϼңüͷĸ˵Ԫ˧۵˽˽飬ϼʵǶã˵ۣ᰹Ĵڣ᰾ӵľ
Ըɡ
α̾һ
ìܣϣġ
ҪȥǼһ
һĶԹֱվҲûкֱӾ߳ȥŴԪ˧ȥ
Ԫ˧ǳΪӴĽ֮һ
վס
һԪ˧ſڣĸڻǰ

鱾ͲãٴαһŭֱӾð˳һԪĶһɰ籡ĸȫƷ˳ȥ
Ϯ
һ˿ѪУʱԪ˧ڣĽŲҲ˳
꣡꣡꣡
һӶŸּ׵ʿжλεĳǹ첽Ԫ˧ڼٺˣĻΧסǷǹ⣬ޱɭȫһָ졣
ô£
һŽ׵ĽŴ˳ɨһ۳ϵĻ죬ںʵ
һһսĴ󽫣ϣǵİ̺ۣսϻˣʵ϶ռء


107 ֵ
СҪô
߳Ľɫһ
Ϊð֮ѣ˵ģʱһϸֱǳ˾֮ˣϵЩʿ᰹֮оţԭӦǰߵ֮Ȼõĸоϸȷǳ˴ˣ
ƺˣϸһǷǰƺмϤʱߵĻָ˻ȥ
ϽȥǸ϶
һɭİâȻ𣬽ΧЩ̫ʿгǹǹֱӱϡ
⡭
ɭȻâеӰ͵һûԥȥһ˫ڣǾϲ֮ɫ
ݼ£
ٸʿҲȥǾԷĵ硣
λߣǵԪ˧ǿǲΪ˫ۣսϣǾŷɥۣһǽһǴܵй˫ǿУ
СʲôʱҲ˿ͷˣϽҽȥ
ֻϤľӣİףҲѵõ¶һЩο˹ȥŶļϾһơ
ǣ
৵һ¾վ
˵꣬תŻ˽ȥһȺʿվ
һ·ϣǿذ׮ӶϻңϸĻڶһƬնƺʧһ㣬Ԫ˧ڣǳŽŵϢ
Сӣ
߽ڵСԺӣ˽Ųס˶
£
תͷҲǹĿ
˵ʵ϶ʲô£
ʵ²ݺݵĳ˳顣
꣬սϵĸ飬ǿֵ֮ܣս˵ĸҲû˶ȴ
⡭
ôʣɫһһĨ˼ӿϣͷ­ȥֳһѪ˿
˵Ǿ
ģ۾һɣͺһ
⡭⡭
͵ֱӹµأ۽ǻ䣬£ȾԪ˧ɣ
Ѫĺӣս˶˰壬ûᣬڣȴˣңһ޾Ͳʰ
ʲô
һŲȣ΢΢һģС˰벽סΡ
ء
޸ƨ
ֱһƾ˹ȥ˵ǳʲô£
ӣ΢΢ţһ˫۾ֱŰ뵹Ķ
Ԫ˧жˣ
Щʵ˵һ䣬Ǵ̬Ϊ
жˣ
ԭһ˵Ļһʱɫǽס죬ŻعǺ޵Ķһ򲻳ֱһ˹ȥ
СӣϽҹȥ
ŷʦڣֱͲⲻ˵ĶʱŵģǷһ롣
ǡǣ
ĨĨϵˮǴ߽۵Ժӡ
ſڣڣ㣬ʿΧţҶоŵıȻǷУ
Զˤƶŭ
ϼһжˣƢС
ˤõĻһᣬˣԼȥСӸϽȥϵı飬Ĳģ
һ䣬ǾֱǼ䴫ŭķȥ
ֲҪˣǿɥ˭
ûţ͸ǽ
ҿ϶ͲԶˣ
һ׻ɫ۵ۣŭһŭֱӿſڿģ˭ӣ
ڣϼҵĵϵأȻҲһȻУһȹӰҲãĿ⡣
϶ҪˣȻǿ
ǣ˽䣬Ҳ˿
ġ
ڣؾͱԼʻ˶Ż죬ӿһĨϲ֮ɫſھʹЦϼһȻ㣬˵ôôأ
ǰһϼҵϵĿ£һһ׳ϼһֱӱһţݺݵĴŶԷĺ󱳣һ±һأƵġ
˻
ǣһѽ֮˿ŭ˫ۣЩŭĺǳ϶־Ȼôأ㲻ƾƤô
ٺ٣
죬޳ܵЦţмС˵־ģֱӿϼһڵϵһһ㶵ġ
°ɣ
Щˣɫһһ䡣
ǣ
ϼһͷ˳ȥֻӰվﲻߡ


108 Ӱͼ
ӰҲȥɡ
Ӱûߣ΢΢һ㶣ҲǷŻ
˵ϼңľŮˣȻŮϼһҲ֮ȵһǰѾͻ˴ʦ磬֮λټıԣ˵һģһ֮Уǰ
үү
ӰҲ㲣һǵĿˡ
ѾͷôͲ˵أ
ʱ۾۾
ˣ϶˵ֲҪ˵ʲô˵£ڳ𣿡
ļһ䣬ԹԵľλ¡
ٺ٣
ܺЦһҲ˹ڻԵϣһϲɨţϼһ벻㾹Ȼţʮˣ̵ģ֪صĸȥˣൽ㣬Ҳ֨һ
ٺ٣϶ûô
ҲǺЦһһȭʹ˹ȥ

ӰվһԣųЦˣй˵ζԼүүʮֵЩѾܾûмЦˣ˵üУһֱĺһĨˣڣȴǿ˵Ĩˣ׵ĻΪϲá
ѵ
ٿʱӰĿⲻһ
ԼүүĴֻ֮һǾǣʮʱ򣬾Ѿʧˣң˵Ϊжˣʱһλ߽׵ҩʦҲδʮȥˣȻţǲʹ
ˣȲ˵Щˡ
ִۿеĻ⣬ֱЩܵĿ⣬һɫʵ϶˵ˣ
⡭ģҰȻӻ˽Ȼˣģ
ѹĵĿ⣬ص̾˿Щŭĵͺ˼мӢĩ·ĸо
˭ɵģ
һɭȻϢɢ˳
һǰӰħӸɵģģȻвӣһˣǰӣֻ㣬ֻЩĵֶΣʵڿɶ񣡡
˵۾ҧгݣȭͷһȭͽԱߵһӺɷĩ
ƿصν¯࣡
ǰӰħ̣
ԣɫֱӺڳȥ
Ӱħ̣ƺרʦóָ߽׶ҩ˵ǾԲκһǣֵĵط⣬ֻڵ»Ӳðͷ˸͸Ŀ
ˣҹҩʦô
˰죬ͷʵ
ҹˣûãҹƣеĶӦò࣬ģҲݵģ߼Ķҩܸô࡭
˵ţһ㶣ͷǿڻǣһ˿޵Ц⣬ʱһ㶣źúõɨϻơ
ɫʮ㣬аж˵ļ
ϼһĶ
һ৵һ¾վ
ٺ٣
쳯һ˹ĸԼ˱裬ＱĿ£Ʒڣֱ˳϶Ԫ˧Ȱ׿ˮеϢô
ӰȥҶ
㶣ǳһԵӰԸ
š
ӰӦһ˾һŻ˳ȥ˷š
ڿ˵˰ɣ
˵Ǵ˹
жֱǵһεըȻѹţҲһΪΣ
ҵĶڰǰ׵Ľˣ
ǰѣҲ̾һһĨӡ
ȻҾ֪
ԣһƣϾϲɫ
˸ƨ
ģԥĺһ䡣

һ㶣ϼһѾȷеĶ㵱еĶһģһģҵĻʲô⣿
ˣ
һӣվ۾һĵ˼Ȼϸȴδػ϶
⡭
ûһǿЦ˼۱ĲµһЩʲô

̾һ߹ȥļζ˵ϻƣΪˣţҲǣϼҵ˱ʲôô
⻰ʲô˼
۵ɫҲһɱŰϢ
ֱ˵˰ɣϼ֮ڣ˵ǸΪҽⶾˣԡ
ԺУٴθֳǸɭף̲סٴ̾
أ
дϼ˭ҪˣҲҷź򣡡
۱ŭ쳹Ԫ˧


109 ѧԺ
˶֪ϴԪ˧ƶΪԣԱ˷ѧԺ֮ξһС𣬶̶ʱ䣬͵ƾųı֮ʱ˫۵ͷӶ˽λá
ΪĹϵϴԪ˧޵ľ˵Ȩһ˫µĿνǲ٣ҵݣҲԣ֮ڣиţ
˼һԼ˵Ĵڣһʱ䣬Щܲˡ
Ӱҽ
Ȱ裬ŭһ
үү
һŭүүӰҲЩ㵡
ټ˹ʱ֮ڣҲģһ
һ
ԪΪŭӿһԵĻæѹƣⷿҲñ塣
ûʱվˣˣСȫˡ
ϼһָ˭Ҳ
˳һʵ
⡭
һ㶣һ顣
ôҲû뵽ϻƾȻҪԼָ֤ǣ֪Ƶ˭
˵Ҳ˭׶ӣҲ
ɣۻΪڹ˼ɣʱ۾ϼɨ˹ȥ
ⲻǺô˵갡
ӳ˳飬קͷŭţ˽ȥ
űϵķţϼӣȻ
˵ϼһղΪʲô˵أ
˷ڣǼʵ
Ҫ֪˭Ҹﲻ˵
һۣЩŭĵͺȵ
㲻֪
һ㶣Ż죬ϵŭ𻺻ȥ̾һϼһ֪ҵģûϵǣһӣǿЩƵĶϼҲˣĿ
϶
һ۾ȵˣҪҳǸͿˣҿǸʦҲֵ˵ˣģ

һ㶣λʦ˵ĺ˵
꣬ۿλ߽ҩʦ̬ȣһţһȥˡ
ңҩʦȺҩʦеʵģ˭ԼƢĸԹţǺź
ǣ
һۣ˼ҲҪҵӣ
ӣ
۾һãĵĿǵӣʮǰͼʶˣ
㣡
ģһ֣˵㻹˵λʦǻӣ
˲һദƵĸԣҲĲֲ࣬ˣ෴塣
ˣȲ˵
һŵӣҲȥ磬ɫһʵҲ̫
˵ţ콫ԼĲ²Ƶɫ䣬ϸ˵˳
ô˵λʦϼѰˣ
۲෴ģܴһ㼴ͨ˵ôȷôỹأ
û
˳Ŀ⣬صĵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲԼ˽һЩֻ벻Ȼ֮˰
ˡ
̾һͻȻ˼꣬벻һļҲ£ЦʵڿЦ
ϻƣ
ʮûйɥģǴ˰̣ҲˣЩǵĲҲǺΪǡ
ˣϼһҲЦңȥɣȥλʦ
۰˰֣š
⡭ֻ²װԼɡ
ԣ΢΢˴üͷðȻԤ·𵽷ЧֻҪͷ̬ˣҲͷˣְοϻƣҲˣҲ鲻
Ǻǣ
ҡҡͷ̱ϣ۾ϵƣһӾͶ

Ҳ֪ôȰοˣ̾һתȥҲģ˵ͬؼס
仰Ǵţֱ˳ȥ
⻰۵΢һš

ѧԺ᰹ĵһѧԺ˵᰹ǿߣǴӷѧԺ߳ģΪҵʦ
Ҳ˵ʦܱҵ
Ǻ̵ԣҲҪΪ֮ߣ츳ҪҲƣʮڣȨ󣬻һƽ񣬷ѧԺһͬʡ
ԣÿѧԺʱǾֵʱʣ᰹˭˲ѧԺϰ
ܱнһҫҲܳΪǿߵ𲽣ʱƱվڷѧԺſڵȺ棬ȴſ˵Ŀʼ


110 пѡ
ѧԺʵ֮ۺԶԺ᰹ڶǿߣң˵ڷѧԺУҪΪһʦʵҪڴʦң룬Ƕôۺ
ңֻԺѣԺŵĵطȻ࣬ǣܽԺ˵պܲܳΪڣ飬Ǿûģ
ȻΪĶľӢԣԺҪ󣬾͸ϸˣܽѧԺ棬Ҳǧ֮һı
ȻԺû˱ǷܽԺҲѾܲˣѧԺǵõؾ似ýݾڷѧԺڣǱ㣬߱ĳЩʦеĻ˵ܵõһЩ߽׵ؾԼ似ôھΪǿߵ·ϣֽࡣ
ؾ似½ֶѧԺڶǾ߱ǵУֻҪ̤˷ѧԺϿ˵ǰ;ǣÿһӷѧԺ˳ҵѧԱᱻ˲ᣬǰ;νһƬ
ˣÿ궼ˣͷƤ뾡һа취ѧԺ
ǣѧԺһֻһΣһΣֻһǧˣҪԣÿһǶǷǳġ

ѧԺ棬棬ڷѧԺĵ̣ѧԺſڣһĹ㳡㳡ǰĿ󣬵ǣڽգҲǱȺģûһ˿Ŀ϶
˷һһĹֱҪȥ
ƴüͷվȺ֮ڣ˫һ죬ȴԴ޿κΣɨǷ֣һЩ˵ͷһ㵭Ԫ΢΢һ㶣˹ͷԪ˫ҲǶһ㱡ԪʱΧȥһŲźϵͣ΢΢
ʱ仺ߣգҫ۵ĹâѧԺǴ˴ţʮʦһһ߳
ʱ򣬳ϵǲ𽥵ȥϾûһõӡ
һߣ˳ʱǼʮʦǳ
ߣǷѧԺĸԺФɭͬҲһλڣ
һ̨Фɭȥһ̣ټĹ㳡ֱӾͰûһ
ĳ棬Ųźۼĵ˵ͷɨһȫ˵ȣҴѧԺӭλ
Ȼֻ΢ĿڣԪ֮£ȫǵÿһ䶼
ҷѧԺעصǾӢƶֻҪУҷѧԺܽľӢ
ɲһ׻˵᰹ٷ֮ʮϵȨǳԷѧԺ⣬˶Ƿǳ
ģҾͲ˵ˣ޶ʮڣߣȥѡر룬ڣߵģ֣̾
䣬һ˫۾ɨķž֮ˣһץһϣǽϸ̨ӹʮ˱վڸ̨֮ϣǺΪ٣ŮУһ鶼ǺΪư·վˣжٶЩһȵ̬
Ҳʵ飬һߣضǿͨߣʵڣȻѧԺҲὫرˡ
ǣ
ҡҡͷҲЩΣ˱쾧֮ӵ˱Եܣǣ濴ȴͨԪԣѡһػǵҪ
ܺã
һѡʮĸߣФɭҲǼΪ⣬Ҳ޵Ĵһ˿Ц⣬һǼʮʦ˵ͷǴʮĸֱ߽ѧԺ
֮ѡʽʼˣ
һδĺѡҲԽ𣬹㳡֮УȥֵģҲм֮࣬ǣ⼸ˣȴֻһǧ£ѡǲпģҲѧԺڸѧԱϵĵһÿΣ
磬ôһп磡
һ̨ÿһʦǰȵһزԵԪĴȣԪĴԽߣȻʹһ˵ĳɾԽߣԣԪĴ棬Ҳ˼ȽףͨƷƷƷƷƷ
ϸƷģ˵ֻ߲ܰõƷǾͿ֪ˣضҪ쾧пܣڣƷǼڣֻǸ˵ѡ
ԣֻҪϵƷϵһؾͿԹˣȻֱֻʣһǧΪֹ
飡飡飡
һӡڲ̨ϣ⻪Խҫ۵ģȻԽƷ
ͨһ
һʦĺǸݵǴͷɥȥͨģȻһϲǣǲû쵽ǻֻǹ˵һضѣ
Ʒ
Ų̨ŷĹ⻪һ굼ʦǼ֮Ǹǻϲصվں󷽡


111 ټ
˻ϲ˳ȻǶȴŵģее
˳纣ѧԺ֮ڣȴǺΪС·ϣԳһλŮͷǻš
ŮʮģȻģڿĵһۣ̲סȥô˲ԸΪ֮٣һͷᣬһˮʤĽߣһէŵ飬ѩէŵѩ
һϮҷѧԺۣӯӯһյ֮ϣһɫ´պǽϸ֫չ˳һѰѧԺۣϣȴǴһζ
֣裬֬׶üμ͸һɵĳ󣬿͵ݣȴ͸һɾǧĵĮ
۵ĶϣһԾӨĵ׹׹ҡμ䣬΢ĶɽȪ뽸ʯö¡
ôһλͬŮȻڶĿ⣬İĽŮĽֹòŮԺеһԱ˷ѧԺʱ䣬ѧԺڣ˲֪˲
ŮӵмٵıϵԣԪĴȣȻֻǸƷǣԵĹȴǿڶԡ
һõʦѧԺŮʦ֮һӰ
һŮô᲻һЩ˵׷أ
ǿľˣӣϼҵԪ˧ĵϻһǵĵ
˵˵ݣǶǲͬ죬һˣǾ֮ãʹӦˣǣŮȴ˿ɫԣһţˣ
ǣΪӰĴڣˣǲǿƣС˵ӰĻҲǺǵģԺʱ򣬾иȨĵӣΪЩСֱӾͱˣһֻڴ϶ȹˡ
˭ȥȥǽ·
ԣ׷ԣ˭ҪģǼֱҿԣ
ʱͷ΢΢ϸü⣬ü䣬Яſơ
֪Ƹû
ѧԺ⴫һЩ곳΢΢̧ͷ
ǰеǷݸ飬ѾȫˣԺжӰʱ̣Ϊ˶ݵȴѡҵУԣʱ䣬һΪѾʦ߽ףͬʱҲԺУСһ
꣬ÿʱѰҪҵǵϤӰǣһΣΣʧ
Ƹ磬ѵѾô
ڴһһεգ뵽˴˫ڸһˮ˳
֪֮£ԣһֱֻɵɵĵţţԼĺƸһԼġ

һΪˬõ΢΢һڵ˻ȥСϻһ˪¶һ˿֮ɫûᣬ첽ѧԺſȥ
ȵң
һӻһȺӵеĹӸ磬Ӱ׾ӸҲһꡣ
ǣ˵ʵɲĳǰ㣬ʮ꣬һʵʦףѧԺԺԱ֮һ᰹ĵ
ûԼӶʱ˳飬һĨȻܿ죬Ȼż첽׷ȥ
棬ɽ˺̨ǰǹ⻪һƬŵʦȺ½ϲĺɥ̾
ôˣ
һ굼ʦӼ˹ѯʵ
ʦҾͿȥæɡ
¶һЩ嵭Ц⣬˵
š
Ǹʦ˵ͷҲԿһЦֻص˸λ
һŮվſڣȻҲڶעĿ⣬Ŀ⿴ģǱضֱͦˣһЦݡ
벻ѧԺ˳ŮҪܡ
ǣ㻹룬ûղǸʦ̬ôǶһѧԱ̬ôҲ룡
ٺ٣Ҳ룬ѡ
Աߵ΢΢ҡҡͷ˳ǵĿ⣬˹ȥһӰǳ߷Χ֮ڣʱӾֱӽֱ

ƵĿǵӰ
ļ䣬ֻصǡ
Ƹ磡
Ǹƺʱ̶
ڶһ࣬ٴμŮƽַҲȻ伱

ǵӰƵڶӲǰȥ
ʲô
ǰȻͲˣֱתͷŭȡ
ÿ
ƵһһɺԶΧ¶ȣҲڼٵ½


112 ʦ
ʲô
ϴһĽܿ˳ǰıӰһĨѣܿͱȥ
һЩʦȻҲһĻ׷׶ûһ㣬ԼԼ£ͷҲء
񣬻ϻ׷ڷѧԺ֪飬˵ݣȻ˵ҲЩʦܵġ
ˣ
ԼԹԵ̽ǳ˳飬ǣȴǰ͡
֪ΪΣһ;ķңټϸûпƵӰЩꡣ
ٴɨһȦûзǵϤӰ̾һ
Ƹ磬㻹Ҫȶأ
Ůһ˫֮ڣɫ
ûֵõһˣ
˭ҪҰң
˹ҲǸɨܡ
ˣ
ٴɨһָۣ䵭˵һ䣬ǳѧԺ֮ȥβȥ

ĻΧĺõʱһڱߣ˻ȥ㬵˿һ
ߣ
һûȥ̧ͷٴǸλÿȥʱ򣬱ǼǵӰڣһŻ󣬶ʱɫ
һɭϢŷõΧһ鲻ԽĴһǰɫ꣬Ƕÿ˼
ǲףΪ¶ȾȻ½ȻҲôȥʡ
Ǹˣ˭ѵӰŵô
ͫƵôҲƽ֪£ӰȴңӰҲԼ顣
Խ룬Խ룬һɷ꣬ĵֱõɫҲʮֵɲ
Ӱ
ɭԷƵ³һ˫֮ڣɭȻ
һɱŰӿϣõ۾ֱӱ죬һһĳǰȥ
ѵɣģ
һϵԺ쳹𣬶ʱһӿϣǹɱŰȥõ˹Ҳͣ˽Ų
鲻Сӣ
˵һ䣬ϱǲ

΢㶣΢΢˼Ŀ죬̾һϸֳ⣬Ҳɣǣ
ǰڴվѰŮģƽȥ
ҲҰɣ
뵽ܣǸ߸ߵһÿĻȡ
һϵеת䣬õΧμѡεһһ㶵ģ㲻ڸʲô

˿ƱվڣȴѡΡ
ʱţϣԼٶţڣ¹һ룬Ҳ˲̨ǰ
ͨһ
ӵʦɫ䣬ǣһ˵Ľ֡
½ǣһƽ˹ȥһֱֻۣڱĲ̨ϡ
΢΢۾ܾʼڵԪһ󷭹֮ϵ˻ζһɭԪ˳Žֱ۱ŷ˳ȥ
أ
һ죬̨Ǳŷһҫ۵ĹԣֱƷĵزƱջ̨ϵĹ⻪Żɢȥ
ãûƱ̧ͷֻĵʦһĿԼ΢ȴʵʦҺϸô

굼ʦǻعнеƷϸ񣡡
ղſ϶ЩʲôѰˣ̨Ĺ⻪ǻֱ꣬һ𣬶ңԵĸоԪĴԶԶֹǵƷֻ̫ˣ
Ҳ԰
굼ʦĿһĨɻͨԵԪ㣬ȷ
ӦƷɣ
˵ƷҲһЩ߲ܴﵽģЩԵ֮УҲ츳ܴ֮ﵽƷ׵Ĵȡ
֣䣬Ϊ
뵽⣬ûԥĿ˷һۣܹʽʵ
ƣʮģʦ
飬ҲʦǿЩʲôһЦ˵
ʮģʦ
ݣ굼ʦűʸ˵ֱֱһ̧ͷһ𺳵ĿƣϸһɨǷ֣꣬ȷѾʦһʦнף
˻
һ֣ʱõһ
꣬ʲôﰡʮ꣬ʦнףǿѧԺЩżѧԱĵģңʮʦнףЩţҲûģ
ǰ㣬ƽ͵ӣ굼ʦǿѹе𺳣˿Ųƣͨˣվںȴ
ţллʦ
΢΢ǣƱߵϸվš


113 һ
һ죬ȻԲ꣬ϾˣǿɲС棬ԣڶѡϵˣֱڶ磬ڶѡΣſʼˡ
ڶѡΣҲѡԵĲпᣬԪȵƷ׺ϸˣǣȴҪ⼸ǧ̭ȥԣԪȺϸûʵĻҲǿ̸
㳡ϣѧԺʱ̨ɼľʦȫһҲֻһӡǶѣԣѡϣѧԺȻȫҪ̨ᵹ
ԶҲǾۼ˺ܶȺԶԶĹۿѧԺѡʢᣬһһȣôܴأ
Ȩڵȴ£һЩ̭꣬ϾԪܴﵽƷѾǺܲˣպĳɾͣҲ̫ͣˣʵʵٺòˡ
ϣֳ飬ֶӣÿ֮ǰһ̨ҲǷѧԺΪ˹ƽôֵģȻϣʹżĲƽ
ƣȻǱֵʮ飬ˣǺܶ࣬ҲһٸңĶ飬ȻʮϵЩ
ΧһźΪ۵ӣƲҡͷ
ԼԣƺѾе䡣
Ʋп
ԵĿΧһ϶ǴŽ֣̿ԴˣеЦ
Ļ䣬ȻǾ紵
Ȼͬʮ꣬ǷģԲģ
һ굼ʦ˹վڷǰ棬һɨǰȺ꣬ǸԲ̬ͬʦҲûбʲô
վʹǺ㣡
Ĵ쳹ÿһ䣬˶٣ֵǣǷѧԺֻҪľӢǾӢǾóʵ֤ÿһˣһֲϸ񣡡
𣿣
ˣ
һѪڣ۵ϳ˼ʱЩ̶ֱȥ
û˻ԼǷرЩԪȲ͵꣬ڳģ󲿷ֶһطЩĸȻġ
ΪģΪԼеǹɰһ
ȺеķƣȻҲΧЩת䣬ʱʦЩ
⣬Ҳһģɿ֮ˣһսϣǼΪµĽɫ
ⲻõķƸпѧԺȻǳɫ˲ŵĵط
һˣǾ̭һ룿
һûн˷ϣջ˵ȫһǴʦ֮Ҳûܿ£ԸЩ֮ˣʵ̫۸ˡ
Ǹʦǿʼһ˫һ˫ȥһϲһǡ
վڶУ۾Ŀż̨ϵĶ̬һᣬЩĵı۾
Щ似߿УǼΪֲڣٿȥҲ˷Ѿѡ
ϾѾƷ似Ȼµ似Ȥ
ѧԺĿģҲһӰڶЩʵõ似ϾǱȭǾնȻܼ󣬵ǶǷǳĺķԪǴսһԪľƱز롣
ƣƣ
Ʊ۾΢΢ӣǳ̨ȥ̨֮ʣһŻ΢ֵҲϣյƵߣѹιңҲʮңô
ǣ
⻰Ʋһ֣Сһۣ΢˦ֱ̨ȥ
㣡
ԭΪƵ꣬ŷƴʮֵļӣգ˭֪ƸʱɫǱЩѿһ˫۾񶾵ĿŷƵıӰҧҧȥ
ʼ
Ѿվ̨ϣ굼ʦǿڽе
һÿģ
ȻҧгݵĶŷвš
ô
һһϷʵĿƣһָͷ
һ㶣һҪˣɷĳŷƳ˹
飬ΪǷˡ
һֱѾҲû˿ĶϸǸһĨЦȭͷеȥɣ
ž
ȭͷһУ̨ϰ
㡭㡭
ţһԷʵϣϵźˮһ˫ͫڣǾ֮ɫ
ˡ
һȻĿҡҡͷŻĵ˵ǣһУ͸㶨㣡
˵䣬Ҳϴʹõ۵ӶЩŤˣбɱĽ䣡䣡
ȻĽʱ;һЩĿ⡣
̨ϣģͷһ
꣡
Цһ˳һƣҲûᣬֱ̨ȥ
ˣϡ
Զ̨ϣѧԺĸԺФɭһ굼ʦվƿĻͻϵãʦǸԵǼǵĵʦ


114 У
˵ģǸꣿ
Ǹ̨ߵ꣬Фɭ΢۾ʵ
û
һԵ굼ʦ˵ͷǵӰһ𺳡
ʮʦȨЩ壬ҲеĽͣһļ壬Ȼôһ֮ţʵЩ벻ˡ
Ȼʦнס
ֻһɨۣФɭǶ˷ƵΪ΢΢˵ͷҲЩ죬ڷѧԺּҲûУҲûж𺳡
ֱɰɣѡҲֻ˷ʱѡ
ٴһۣ仰ФɭǱ֣߽ѧԺ֮ڡ
굼ʦ㶣ϲ첽ŷڵĶȥǸʦ˵˼䣬ֱŷȥ
ǺǣϵҰɣ
굼ʦһϲɫº͵ĶԷʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
ɣ㱻¼ȡˡ
굼ʦ΢ЦķƵļ򣬱ǳѧԺſȥڻĸţϣҲûбһѧԺ¼ȡӦеļһƽƺѾûʲô£ܲĺ
ֻǸһȴţ徲࣬һµϢ˱Ƕõķ΢üͷɿ
Ȼһõط
ܸоԪҲҪߵĻԾ࣬˻£еЧضҲ°빦
ҲҲһ顣
΢΢һĨᡣ
ѧԺ쾧Ϣ
أȻƵԺб˷ǲϵ
쾧
⻰ƵȻһµĲҲͣĿ⳯ɨȥ
Ѿ쾧ͷһ쾧Ȼ˾
صĺΣҲֻģģĸӦһЩѣλãӦ㶫Ϸ棬ʲôԵģ֪
ϵУҲ͸¶һЩ棬ĵѾǵڶ쾧ˣҸо쾧ֻǲ򵥰
򵥵쾧
һͫչ
Էϵ۽磬˵ǲ򵥣룬ڷѧԺ쾧Կ϶
Ҫ
ЩϷʵõĴڼеķֱס
û㣬ڵʣֻһ
˶٣ЩƵµ壡
⡭
ȥƵĿҲ˸
ͬ쾧֮ںϣԶĸӿ£ңҲڼ𣬲ųںϵڶ쾧ģһΡһλֻǡԣСӰ壬Ǿ͸Ӳ˵ˣ
ͳϵĻҲǷŻú쾧٣࣬ǣȴֻһҼסˣ
š
ٴɨ˶ϽһۣӦһЩĲɡ
ԺҰѧԱˣĵʦ
굼ʦͷҲĲɵģŪһ㶣ͣ˽Ųҽš
ʦ
⣬ܸоҲǻعҲǱȽϹĻ
ãð
Ƶ̬ȣõĳΪ⣬츳ѧԱõҲĻϲʱڴЦá
ǿһҲΪ˵һЩѧԺעǴһͬѧãǴŷһסլ
ס޵ĵطˣķš
ͣ½Ųת
һһš
һľƣ
ǣǺܽ
ЦһŷƳһסլȥ
סլȻǼС¥ǣԶԼĵ䣬ȻӣҲȽ徲͵˷䣬ָ˽ѧ¥ķ򣬳ŴһЦȥ
죬ڷһҹڶ죬ѧԺʱ䣬һڷϵʱƤ΢΢գ˿һĨɭڵָֻͫ䡣

һڵƲûֱ۾ʼ˼֮顣
һҪҵ֮󣬾Ǽºսǰԣ֣ǣĿǰʵȥսѾӰ⼸ûʤԡ
ϾӰҲǱԵߣ쾧ЯԹֻ¶𲻵á
ֻнʦпܻ
ʱ䣬ƿɲӰ츳һֱͣԭزһôĽױ飡
飬ǿֵ֮ĽޣΪֻҪ飬ʩչԪ˫Ӵ˾Ϳ棬ڲнٶȣڶսУǾ߱˼ơ
ȥʲôط
ϽǣƱ˴齣ϴˢһȡѧԺۣ˳ȥ


115 
Ϊûѧʱ䣬ԣѧԺѧԱҲȽ٣ľСϣµĿҲǾЩƽ
˵˷һռһ㣬ֵǣͬ硣
û·ˣ
ǰߴļʯΧǽƲ΢΢һ㶣һΧǽƺп쾧ĵȦ
Ӧʦ˵ѧԺͷ쾧Ĵڣң֮ڸ
üͷһƱΧǽǱߣƺ
ˣ
ԭƻΪӦһأˣǲ˵ǿŵģ
Ǳ߾ʲôط
ѹ˷ǽ뷨ƾȥҸʣãΧǽ֮ӦҲܲ򵥡
ãҲûһӰƱǳųָѧԺ㳡ȥǷѧԺѧԱȶĵط
ʯ̵СһΪĹ㳡ǳַǰⳡϣźüٸ̨̨ѾˣǷҲûһеģ̨֮ϣһԣѧԱǶĻȣ·ƴĺż͡
סСӣ
ոתǣǰ治ԶȻһһȺѸΧȦӣָָս
ĿЩֵȦӣƲûдչȥŲƿȺʱȺһЦŭȴõȻͣ˽Ų
Щ߹ȥǸԣ˼ˣƾʵõ⣿룡
СӣȻҶ԰񣬸㾴ƣ㲻ԣƫƫҪԷƣϣˣзˣаٶţ
ǵЦһЩ߳ŭȺУһž
ȺƳĬһᣬתȺȥ
Ⱥ֮УһλԼʮҵ꣬һ˫ڳŭĸӵΧ£һֱ·磬ϲʱİһȭѪ
أ
һ̧ţݺһСϣʱƵûл֮ȴû˿ֹͣļĽ붯Ķ߶ȥ
飡飡飡
ֻ̺;ĽƣڼʱһӰȻӶɨĵӰĵ˳ȥڵϲһԵĺۼ׿ͣһ˫˫۾ڣǴŲ˼ɫͻȻֵꡣ
ֵģǷƣ
걧СѵվɫЩ԰ףǱķƹ˹֣λѧԱлˡ
磬ż첻Ͳʶˣ
תƵΪԼòĿɿڴ꣬Ц
꣬ɵĶӣ
Ʊܣ
ͣκڻعһϲĿŷƣ㣿
ǰ˵Ƿƾңͬʱõǿ𣬶ڷƣôأ
š
Ƶ˵㣬תȥĿѾĸӣʵЩһ˭
һȺȨ߹ѣ
޺޵ĵɫһ࣬ɫ΢΢ţΪЩһ֪ǵĹϵΪͻƿڣƣҪ޸Ǹԣ
Ŷƣ
ԣɫһһɭƣ緢˳һĸӱƽȥ
߽ķƣĸҲǻĺţΧ۵겻ѣ˵ӣҲǵͨ졣
СӣҾҹ£ȻûùӳԵģ
һһҧв
ô
ԣһŸһֵ棬ӱǻһӰǰһ˫ɭȻע
㣡
꣬һ㤣ͫŴϸ亹ֻû̱ڵء
㣬ȥǸôԹʱߣ
ѾƵӣƲмƲƲ죬۾źһɭƣֱӱŻӵؿڣõֱ̱ڵأĳһȥ
Ʊܡ
ŷƷż뿪һǵ˹
ģ
ƴ΢Цļ
ܣǲ֪ǸʲôˣԲô˵ġ
ϵĵǣûΪƵİοתüͷ
˵ʲôʱԶʮŷѧԺ۵ӣֱŷƺƵ˹ղߵĸӣС
Ⱥ߹ԭΧ۵Ҳɢ࣬ҲǾеĳˡ


116 Ű
һʮ֮ǸɫӺһɫǱĲ԰ףһ˫ͫڣҲžţŷƴߴٵܣߣߣ
Ӧô󣬷Ҳһ㶣ȻǸаԵģӡѾǼΪɲǵһ࣬ԵݣҲǼ򵥡
ڴˣҲֻÿЦһȻǺջˮССȻ䲻ȴʮһӣˮ飬ô᲻עأ
ϴΣΪѾ㱻Σֻµ鷳ˣѧԺµˣһǿܸ˵ġ
ƴͲϲ鷳ԣÿζ鷳ĸԴ
㣬Կи˲
ļ򣬷ɫһӭȥ
ͬʱһԼʮ˾Ҳӭ߽ķƣɫҲı
Ǹʲôԣ
վǰüͷʵ
Ǻˣ
ܸܵǹɼԼԪеŭҲѹ΢۾ŷƣһĨԻ
ΪԼôûأ
˭ҪҪǰԾˣ
˵䣬̤ǰһ۽ǰŻĿڵ˲ϲ鷳ԡ
͵ģһɭϢӿȭͷֱԵš
飡
ŵŵţ
һ󣬺˵ģٲȻѾڷѧԺİԣ
ʱһ˫˫㵵Ŀȫڷϡ
˭
ΧжðôһУͽԺʮ֮һʦ߽ף߻ԵİԸˣ
ԱˣǿԼֻƣһɴ̹ǵľʹǾΪڸղŵĶײУһصĴ̺Ϊ⣬ӿĻԣȻһ˲ȫȥ
ܵģ
ҡͷΪղŷԪͨԵġ
ȥɧϢ´ΣҾԷ㣡
ıһۣתߡ
ҪģһЧΪѧԺڣ򶷿ԣɱˣǾԲģͷǳ
ģ
ŷǻߵıӰһ鶯룬ݣ츳ʵʱܹ˵裿
ڣ֮ͥ£һһлܣĸʵ
ͷĿⲻϵɫЩڣһĨ⼱ӿϡ
ȥ
һɵԪƶһͷţһ㣬ӶЯŻȭͷݺݵƵĺ󱳡
Сİ
һĻԶʱһ亹ме
ߣ
ڸоǹɱŰϢ֮󣬷ƾ֪һĻһâһһɭԪӿ
飡
ȭͷײһһɾϯ˵½ǣΧĻҳҲ
һȭ֮˸
һȭ
͵ϮҲδϷ磬ʱõİһ飬ϸһֱֱȼЯܵĻ棬ݺݳŷ˹ȥ
ȭ
Ԫһģؾӿ𣬷ƵȭͷҲһһԪȭͷӭ˹ȥ
أ
˶ʹ似ܱ΢΢׬һϷİԣɫһӹֱӱþš
ؾñĳһظһأǼֵأԱǱƷ˳ȥУһѪֱڵ棬˼ײͣ
ৣ
Ӱϣһ̤ڰԵؿڣ̤£õѪ
٣
ʮӸû뵽Ի֮ܵ죬һ¶̣ķΧסĿ
ߣ
ɨһȺˣĿһ˿мһƺԥٴ̤£õٴѪӵ쾧Щв
ʲôڸʲô
һӹ㳡һͷ˹˱ǿһŷѧԺʦ۵ӿ첽˹
ȻʱѧڣȴֵĵʦϾѧԺڵ˻ռ˶ԭֻһѧԺ湦Ч߰㡣
⵼ʦƲıɫҰ׵İһۣתȥʱڵϵİԣȴһĨ
ȥ
ȭͷϻԶһȭֱӾڷƵĺ֮ϡ
޷ķƱǱ˸ģײ˺üǰһ֣סΣһѪӿϣſ˳ȥ


117 
ź󱳴ǹɻĴʹһŭԷƵĵڸղţоˣԸղŶԼ֣Լܵ쾧ĴĻһȭܽ󱳵ļ顣
ģ
һڵũҩ֮ϵ鵤ǻζһҩѸٵ˹ȥֻǳ׵Ľɻ
תɫԼİԣƵһĨھζ
ҪԼˣ֣
ȭ
Ԫӿؾֱۣ֣ǸϮĻڵȭͷ档
أ
꣡
ŷ촫ԵǸȭͷֱӾͱЩŤΣѵȻǳȭͷԼֱۣҲ˳ȥ
һ˲䣬ȭͷͱѪģֱֻҲĴȥֱۣڷƵһȭ֮£ֱӷˣ

Ĳҽ԰ԵĿкҲʹһһģθǼٺҪƵľ롣
ס֣
ǸʦĴ״ŲǼӿ࣬߼ϡ
ߣ
Ʋû˾ͣסһֱӾڰԵ¸ʱһֱͬӴһ𺧣Ѫصҷ˳ȥʱѪ
ৣ
ŷƵ£ȱڶྪ㵵Ŀ£ݺݵ˦ڰԵ֮ϣõȫȥ
һѪҸĻ˹ȥҲһûһڡ
ٲһŵķƣǸʦѾվǰźܲԸĽ˻ȥ
ֹΧ۵ѧԱǸʦҲ̲סһ顣
ѾĽ˻Ź
ͬʱڳҲȫǵ֪һˣ
ڵѾһûһڳİԣӵʦɫҲǱʮ˺ǵϽȥҽƴѵô
ǣǣ
ǽС̧ţ첽ҽƴȥ
ԴˣƲƲǣԼղһŻһЩֻҪټôԣԲֹǷˣǣˣ
һӵ츳ߣңԼɱ֮ˣȻɳȥ
ʵһƣɱţһ̣ԵԪоѾ飡
ܣ
ʱŸ˹һ𺳵Ŀɫƽķơ
Ǻǣû¡
ǵǵ飬ʼ磬ϳһ˿΢Ц嵭˵ţƺղŵ²һ㡣
ʲô֣Ǹ༶ģ̨֪֮ⲻԶŹô
ǰİȴѾԽԺİԣ֮¾͸˵꣬굼ʦΣųʵ
ƣ༶
ףԵЩհŵûа༶
ƣûа༶
֣ǵһţ˵ûа༶ʱ굼ʦҲһ㶣ʵûа༶ô⣿
ʦҽġ
̯̯֣͵
ʦ
굼ʦüͷһһ𺳵Ŀŷƣˣ
ţû
Ƶ˵ͷֱӳˡ
˻
ʱΧǴ
꣬һ˾ͽԺʮ֮һİԸˣһôѵǸ
һ˫˫ĪƵ΢΢һԵǵͶȥһĵ΢Ц
ȥʦ
굼ʦԶļѧԱһǼѧԱǷҲƵĳѧԱſڱȥ
תͷһƽ꣬굼ʦҲ΢΢졣
ʦѵû˵ѧԱ֮䣬ìܣҲֵô
һ뵽Ե굼ʦɫǳȥ
ǣʦûиң˶֣Ҳ
ưգ۾һ޹˵
㣡
굼ʦȻ˰͵ϮһĻʱǰ꣬ӦشǰΪΡţɫЩɡ
һҩʦ
ʼ磬Ҳı䣬صʦҲˣҲҩʦĻ쵹ģӦþ˰ɣ
⡭
굼ʦԶԣһһϣû˵ͬʱҲһ𺳡
һٵ֮꣬£ͽʦ߽׻ԵİԣȻһλҩʦŸղŵĳ棬вһ
ֻ£һҩʦȽҲ¡
꣬⵽Ĺ
뵽⣬굼ʦٴμٵĳ鶯Ρ
һӵϢȫԶԶļŷõվ˿˹


118 Ĺ
ʦͽˡ
굼ʦ˹һ䣬ٴ˷һۣǳҽƴȥ
Ե⣬ѧԺڣƱػһЩ
ô£
ϵѪһ
Ǻǣ
νʼ򣬽ղһȫ˵
ʲôǰԣ
һʱɫͱЩңһ˫۾Ķŷƣʵ㽫ˣ
ţû
Ƶ˵㣬ֱӳˡ
⡭
һںģҲһ飬죬ų̾˿֪ǰԵݣ
֪
ҡҡͷһɥٿͬһصĳϵ֮Ҳ
֪͸º֣
۾һɣֱӾͼǰǿ꣬ãŻ̾˿ǻˣǸԣף׽ǵó֮һټ˵츳һֱܹأ񡭡
Ŷ
ðԵƵҲ΢΢һüͷֱ
ԼлıӻŰҵҲҰԼôҪңңҵİΣȨԼ֣磬ļһ̬Ը¡
лʦ棬ȥһˣ֪
ʱȥ
üͷһ壬ЩǵĿŷƣ£ռѧԺڣҲҰôǳˡ
ʦģԼ֪
ƳοһЦһԵüͷһʦмҪ㡭
û⣡
һ̵֪ĳȻ֪ڵʲôֱӱǴӦ
һʦнԵ꣬ȴһԵĸ߽ʦˣͳֵ˵Ĳ֮
лʦ
ų˹֣ưοļ򣬱ǳѧԺŴȥ
һ
ŷƵıӰ̾һ
ʦ
ʱɫȴǻָڳ֮Ż˵İɵʦûµġ
Ȼ֪ϴǸ˭Ǹ߾ԲǼ򵥵һƼţǽ˽ѧԺһõô
Ŷ
ôһ˵ҲһĿһۣ߰ɡ

ѧԺĹ㳡ϣѡУЩǿŷŷѧԺУۣһ¶Ľ顣
ֵȺƵ΢΢˶٣ǳһ˿Цûǣֱȥ
ʱѧԺðӰƶȥһһٵȥ
Ȼ֪٣Ƿȴ˿ںңҪľҪЩ֪ͬʱ˼ɡ
ǻķ˵һα˴ţǷƣűǽ֮ӭ˽ȥĿֵͷĨӰüͷ˼ĿŷƵıӰ˴š
ŷѧԺУ۵Ӵӽͷ˳ȹرյĴţӣǿ˶ԷеĴ㵡
ƺǸķϵ
һЩ͵ͬһ䡣
ǡ
ͬ˵ͷ
ǴǸѾôѵǸܼҵݣ
֪ǻǻȥ㱨ɣЩ²ֵܲġ
΢ͣһᣬǳŰȥ

ϡ
һţƱǼһյ﷢ƺ˼ʲô顣
ţ
һ㶣ӿһĨϲɫվǺǣСˣô¼ȡ˰ɣ
š
˵ͷҲǴһ˿⡣
Ǳ¼ȡˣǵһ˴鷳
ô£
ܿ죬ɨ˷Ϊεɫ΢ԵЩš
Ǻǣȷ
Ƶ˵ͷڻʾ£ԱߵϣŻĽղŷ˵һ顣
£
һ㶡
ԭΪϼĳѰˡ
š
Իķ΢΢죬ǵ˵ͷ

ɫһգһת̾һɫ¶ŨŨţԵúòɣ
ô
ƱıŪһһ㶵ģЩɣѵûȨˣ
С֪
һɣ˵ţϾǹɫǻĵԭһλѹƣû˸˵ĶУ˵ʲôԣ£һ֪ԾԻᱻϵǡ


119 
Ŷ
ڻ˵һ֪⣬¶Ϊȴ˺øУ̾һ䣬ʵѵ
û
ȻһȻǣ۽ǵȴŷƵĶ̬һƵģ΢ϲȴһĲɣΣ̾һǣҲˡ
ϣǸôˣ
ͷһϯҲŪЩļ׷ʵ
жˣԶˡ
ҡҡͷվ˷һۣС磬ͽһˣͷİɣû˸Ϊ㡣
˵꣬Ҳȷ˵ʲôֱ˳ȥڳǳһ˿ıóѵЦ⣬Цһ첽ȥһƵķ
վס
ſڣǱʮ׽ǴʦңͷĽӳһλ鼶ǿߣ
ߣ
Ϊȶı仯ν󣬿ңЩҲͲʮһˣһ˦ǽԼ˳

ӳ΢һ㶣ǹȥְݼˣ
һڽҲˢˢĹȥ쳹
ţȥţ˵һˣ
ջֱۣ˶ۣŻĶǸӳ˵
ţ
֣ӳһ
֣ŵ˵Ĵ棬᰹ľУν˲֪˲
ˣԵȣ
ӳٴһ񣬲ſ첽ܽǰ̣һ۵ӱǴڿ챼˳
ˣ᰹ιᰣ
壬Ȼ㣬Ǻʱģ
ֻǴᰱһϲץŻֱۡ
ţŻ졣
΢Цŵ˵ͷһЦĿ˵ϱ
õĺܣ壬˵
ϲɫǰϣᰲЩٵ˵š
ߡ
΢Цһֱۡ
ã
΢΢һǹһЦת˽ȥ
ʮûˣЩҵĴ˰ɣ
ɨһ˦˦䣬תŸȥ

̻Ի͵ĴڣƽŮò֮󣬱Ȼ˳ȥڵڡ
һԵȻƷĻ죬Ȼкܶ໰˵ȴ֪˵ֻļĵȴš
Ǻǣò谡ʮûƷ˺òˡ
Ȼ֪ʱЩʲôƷһò裬ŷ˲豭΢΢һЦ
Ǻǣϲͼȥǡ
ҲչһЦüǽš
ˣͶлˡ
һ䣬һۣԹԵ˵Ͽ֪ҵĶûУ
ۣ᰹˵ܱ߼һֱַ᰹Ϊ˫۵ͷѹţһһսϣǾǽһĴڣĸҲܲȵʧ
񣬻жʧһֱڳţǣвƣڼǰҲжˣңеĶ뻪һģ
ȻϢһֱţǣȷһ޴һԻս£᰹˵ǾԲģ
塣
һǵĿǹ˽ϣƽȻҲķѾȥ߽׵ҩʦΡ
ǺǣϿһж֮ô
һֱ̧ۣվЦĿŻᰡ
ѵ
һ৵һ¾վϾǿϲ֮ɫҲЩ΢壬ˣ
ϴΣλ߼Ƹ߽ҩʦҲûǾ˵ⶾӦǵؼҩƱҪؼҩʦ
ؼҩʦεȵ󣬾ںʳҲǸ߸ϵĴڣ᰹С˼Ҹ˦㡣
š
ĪĿ£΢ĵ˵ͷʱᰵĺͼ࣬Ҳ޷ѹеļ
һоȣǾʹоȣ
ãᰲƽ˼ڴĿŻ죬ʵô壬Ԫ˧
˫۵֣˶֪ǿԼԷֵܵĽ顣
ǡЩ鷳Ҳµġ
뵽ϼҵ飬üͷһղŵĽչ΢΢Щģǽ·£ɫһϣһҪ飡
Ŷ
΢΢һص飬Ҳҵ뽲


120 
š
˵ͷתʣ˵ϣһȣ£꣬һ͵µȣл˶ѪӦú
ţ꺲бΨףľʧ̫Ʒ˺ң£ΨǾ٣Ӷ̩񰲣֮᰹ǿҲԪ˧Ĺ͡
Ҳһ£ϣϾԡ
ϼǵþͺã
תһصĶǲùʵģǣΪ᰹ǰ;ұҪʣϣ֮ǲһհģ
հ
΢΢һǵ˵ͷȷУô
ŻݣӿһɲõԤУңӦǳϣ
ǺǣǰǲһаԵĵܵܣ
쳶˳ǣЦʵ
ԣ˵ǰҵСŰԣǺǣΣСһﲻպسɴģԴһԵĴ󽫣ʱҲֲǰ
ԹԵ˵꣬ᰱǿ˻ɫЦʱһ䡣
Ĵ󽫣ҿܲǸԣѧԺڣˣаŮˣ˴󽫣Ʊػ

⡭
ת䣬õĻΪ֮ͣڨڨĵ壬ͻС̵
ˣ
һ֣˵һĶص˵ϣ֪Ϊĳ谮Ϊİӣ᰹һ֣֮
һ뵽ڱԭǴηƷĳͲеĲ𰡣᰹ӵһλĻֱӾͿԽߵͬģһλΪУƾ᰹Ŀǰʵûס˵˼ĵϣɱ˭ɱ˭ɱҲûܻס
ȨƣǿУҲӰѣ
ôأ
Żûһ˿ЦӣᰱǾ̬ˣ׷ʵ壬⾿ô£
ô£ߣ
һ˦䣬һȻղŻᰵĻشõܲ⣬ɫһЩҪһǰδеʢҪģǱٽȻպдҲ԰
壬ǰԵʲôˣ
ô˵᰻׵ĻͰˡ
š
ɫ΢˵ͷϣ㲻ȥ飬ҿȷĸ㣬ԵˣǸҽⶾ֮ˣ
ʲô
ͫ͵һ͹һֱʧ̬壬˵ǰһλؼҩʦ
ؼҩʦǺεȵĴڣ˵ʵΣǵؼҩʦͷͿʱټһȺڼĴ֣Ϊãʣˣ᰹ǵô
ߣ
һתȥһڲ裬ûĵģҪأ

һƼ°Ʒģ΢㶣һüͷλʦĹϵ
ߣ
һۣΪԵõ˵ǸʦǿҵӣΪ㻹ܰĵ
ӣ
΢΢һ㶣ӳ鶯ΣǷǣǣӴ󡣡
Ȼô˵ȴ֣ԣôᵨȥؼҩʦǵؼҩʦΪֻһӣ
еǳĲ⡣
ʱ򣬵ȴǴһҵĽŲ
ˣԼŰ졣
һüԹԵﰲĵƷ衣
ʮûôܹˡ
üͷһ˦תϱǻһϣҲ˼㡣
ϣҪΪ
һΪģɫŮŮķ£ײײĴ˽һᰣǿš
޿䣬ʲôӣʲôֱ˵
֪ΪΣģİȴǾ̫ˣ¶ͣ˦ǳ
ͱǳ⣬Ҳһ㶣Ҳͣһ̧ͷżԹԵƷŲ裬ȻһûϳܾƺЩ졣
ֻ΢ڵϣŻ᰿ߵϣڷѧԺڣһȻҵĻԵܸˣϣҪΪһҪɱǸһԵܱ𰡣
ѧԺڣ񣿡
΢΢һ۽ǵһԹƷŲĻ죬ûʾ±Щɻ
ѵǸʦȻǷѧԺѧԱ
뵽㣬ЩȻ


121 
ءϣһҪɱǸľ壬ΪһԵܱ𰡣
ûмϵĲͣԼõһƷĻҲͶȥһЦɫ
ɱһλؼҩʦҲ˵ĳڣ
˵Ŀɲġ
ᰳ˫һǳǸԣڷѧԺˣаŮҪ˵ɱ᰹ĹҪţ
ڴڻصõԭװİֱɵˣ̧ͷһ˼ĿŻᰣϡ
ߣΪʲô֪
һӣŵҷ֣ΣԲţǣ־ʹ˶ϣң
ֱӵ֮ͬ乬ų⣬ҲֻǱɱȫһȵĴˣ
ڣ
ϣ
ĸ׽С˽ϵؼ׻Ħ䣬һЩײ
ȥ
ͷҲأһ˦䣬ȵ
ǣ
׽ԥſصİֱ˳ȥ
ֱԶȥᰲ̾һתͷڵĻ죬Ҳй˵ζ
壬һУ˵İˡ
ҲЩ
֪вܡ
еĲ豭ʮָ棬ĵǣһҪ̫ѵȻγã
ѵǡ
꣬ҲǻͦλûʲôģңһλؼҩʦǺεȵĴڣһСС᰹ܵģ
׾ͺá
̬ȣĵ˵ͷվ£͵Ϊֹˣλʦ㲻ҪȥӴܻ⵽䷴УҪʲôĻǵķңĳǵңЩȥţһʱҸھͽҵɣֻҪ㰲ٺˣȻ벻Ч
Ŷ
һ˼λʦ
֪Ϳˣ
һۣˣˣڵϢء
˦˦䣬ֱ߳ȥ
һᣬǽ뵽ڣҴȥţǿߴӵİ򼲳۶ȥ

ϣô
ĻƱվ
Ǻǣ˰ɣ
صǹһڲˮŵһССİңѵõңС磬ͷĺˣϣұţôĴã˰ɣ
Ŷ
ԣһϲ˹֣ˣлϷˡ
ǺǣСˡ
˰֣ǷС磬ҵĽأʲôƱ
Ǻǡ
ҲǷĵͷʵϣ˵Ǹô£еʲô
⻰еĶ΢΢һ٣ɫһ̾˿²Ҳա
⡭
Ҳһʵϣѵҽⲻ˵Ķô
ũҩ䣬ڽⶾǺĵģ
Ҳ˼
ҡҡͷС磬һ죬һû˵ѻҿȷĸ㣬溺ӣǸˣƽһ޵ģ˵Ȩԣպϣܶһ㡣

Ʊ˵һһ㶣ŪЩͿҶݣӺ˵𰡣
ֹ飬Ȼ䣬΢뵽һֿܣʱͳĵѵǡϼң
š
˳Ŀ⣬Цŵ˵ͷ
ߣ
˲䣬Ƶɫֱӱ䣬৵һվϣлΧ˴δҷƼסǣ
Ż칰˹ֱ֣˳ȥ
Ӱ֮ޣĪҪȥ˽ⶾֱǲܵ飡

̾һ̱ϣϼһģѾˣ֮Ҫˡ
߳ƱֱŷѧԺȥ
ʱ磬Ϊ󲿷˶ȥ˷ѧԺ㳡ԣֵϵȺҲôӵ

̧ͷƳ˿ǳһЦӰ֮裬ұҪʮ֮
ԼʲôúˣңǳԼΪҪ֮·
ǿΪ
գԼûʵǱƨ಻ǣ
ɨӣżȻ䣬ǿŸС
ȥЩҩ
ɨһũҩöѾ޵鵤ƿЦҡҡͷŸȥ


122 β
ߵŸſڣͣ
ƺûǮ
һ飬뵽Լڸһס
һ߽׵ҩʦܱȵؼҩʦȻȱǮҪ˵ȥ˭Ű
ǸͷƱǿŸڳһˣǸһĻңƺǳ˲˵Ĵһ㡣
ÿÿ
׳С̧һֽ෢ߣǰʮ׳ǰӦż꣬һ·ҩʦ᷽ٵȥ
ף
䣬ƱһǸߵɫɨקദƣüͷһǸˣƺũҩ֮صġĲ
òʵߵûκεĹϵڣϵĵȼǿߣҲòòˣ˵ʵ߾ܿģòƣƱ·һ
ԣ½ϣҩʦݣǼĳߣվ۷ǿҲЩ߽ҩʦ֡
ʵߣ˵Լˣǣ˭ܱ֤Լò
ң봴˲һԵҩԲƣҲ˵ÿһҩ֮ϣûмĳһֲ֢ƱؾͲơ
ͨĻƼҩʦҲֻЩѰ˷ð΢һģƱؾҪҩʦ֡
ԣһҩĸߵͣҪҪƶֲҩҩԽҩ䣬ƱؾƸļ
֡Ĳɲһļũҩϼأֲ˷ļʺܴ󣬶ңòʱƣֻ·һ
ֱȥѧԺ߼룬ǸŸеˣת
Ƿ飬ҷƻỹ
̾һҡҡͷǳҩʦȥ
ʱҩʦҲΪߵĲ״һš
ʲô
һ׷¥ϻҳһĳ棬ֱӾͳǳ
ߣҩʦĻ᳤ףҲ᰹λнҩʦ֮һ
Ŀŷһ˱Χ
᳤Ҫ־Ⱦҵĸװ
˵һŨüӣŸ󵱼֮ˣŷ񷡣
ŷ񷣬׵ɫ΢ϾŸУÿ궼Ϊҩʦ޳ľ˲ٵҩңÿΣֻҪԼҪŸ˶ǾľΪԼѰ
ҿ
üͷǳȥһҲǷ׷ÿ
ߣŷĸףҲŸεңŷԪ
ŷԪҰ׵ɫ鶯ǣڿ˫ֽץλã΢΢˰ͷһɿ
ⲡβˣ
̾һÿֲ֢꣬ȨǶȥˣʲôҲÿһߣޱߵʹȥ
ǣʹʱ䲻̫ãһ㶼һʱ֮ڣͻѶȥ
ʵŷҵҲֻǣĴһ˿Ұˣһ⻰ŷһģˤһϾԾ
᳤һҪȾҸװ
ѹקſ׵ֱۿһ˫ĿڣҲ
ֲȥʶҲһε˰˵еľ֢֮һֻЩĸˣǲпΡ
ҲεĽһ
һҩʦβҲǺܺܡ
ôô
鶯ߣŷҲڳʹϣûƽյľ̬֮ϵǻ뱯ʹ
˭Σ˭Ҹ׵ıҳǧ޽𣡡
ſ׵ֱۣһҩʦȥǣʮҩʦԾҡͷ̾׶УΣ
Σ
һʵҩʦߴ˽õڳ˶ȥ
ֻһò㣬Ŀǣüޣ꣬أԴһ˿Ц⣬ԴŴ˽
ǷѧԺѧԱ
У۱ǳݡ
λСֵܣô
ŷҲüͷ
ƿҲʮģһٵ꣬Ŷȵȷߡ
Բ֪ˣ
һɵЦ⣬嵭˵š
ȵȡ
ڷ׼εʱ򣬿ȴһɵĿŷƣʵСֵܣҩʦô
ţȻǡ
֣ƽѾϴ˵ҩʦϣʱǶһֹ
Ƽ߽ס
ҩʦϵ·ҲǾһЩȵĺ
Ƽ߽ףˡ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ʵⲡһƼҩʦεģ
Ǻǣ᳤ˣȻǶΣβأ
ԣ΢Цʵ
᳤԰ɡ
Ųϳ鶯ĸΪŷԪŷҲ̲ס
ðɡ
ü˿


123 
ҩʦڣеĿⶼǼǵٵӰϡ
˹ȥƻĵӣҲһأһֻڣö鵤ζţϱǶһֵҩԡ
ҩ¶ҩʦ
һҩʦһҲһ¶˼Ŀ⡣
Ȼҩʦ
Ҳ΢΢һŷϵҩԣüͷþòڣһĨ𺳡
ŷһȴĻϲһҩʦǰվ͸ࡣ

˿ȻһָֿҩָŷûŷԪദ
꣡
΢ƿһۿɼ˿߱¶˵ǰָγһֱûŷԪؿڡ
ôܣ
ŷǲϵָҲһ
˵ĿҲǲʹ곬Լ
뵽ֿܣĺȻǼ
߽׵ҩʦǿֻЩߵӵУ
ʱû˸ҳӰ쵽˷ƵĶֻһЩصĺŷҵˣһĻһǴžϲ顣
ģüͷŷԪüͷ΢΢չˣؿڷŵҲ˿ƺǾҵʹԶȥ
ã
ı仯˶ǿУһڶ¶Īɫ
ⲻ֢ܾ֮ô
ͬʱǵĿٴηǵӰϵʱ򣬶鲻Խʣ˭
һѧԺѧԱӵд˵ҩģһҩʦҪȥʲôѧԺҩʦǴ½Ϊߵְҵλ֮ϣ
ԣÿһλҩʦľϾǷҩ֮ϣʵ˵ǴҪġ
ƴʱȴϾȥЩȷĿҩԣѹҲȽϴɫҲһ䣬ڵ鵤ˣ
ԪֻܺٶȣԽԽã
ſڣƱǱʮҩϵĶҲûͣ
ǣ
ŷһ㶣æſڱȥ
ȥˣУ
׿˵һǳ¥ȥʱʹ¥óüҩڷԡ
л
ֻ˵֣ƱץһѾͣԷһ㣬£ͽҩȫ꣬ڵ鵤Ҳ΢΢ʱ΢΢˿
Ź˰ʱһֱŵŷԪָ΢΢

״һգҩ𣬷Ƴ˿Żվ
ʦҸ
ŷ񷼱еʵ
ǾȻˡ
Ʋ̲Ļһ䣬ϲʱ򣬷ּһ䣬ǣԴȴûиһ󣬾ͻḴ
Ϊΰʦ
ŷһ㶣ԵЩ֪롣
Ϊζҩ
һۣѩΣ¹㾡룡
˻ϡ伶ҩ
ʱһҩʦ
ʦģһģ
ϡ伶ҩŸ˵ʲô££ŷĵӦ
ʱŷԪ΢΢һƤ˿
ף
ŷæȥһϲĿˣŷҳԱҲΧ˹ǼĿˡ
κˣ
жһιΣκùκãԭǶǲ֢֮ڣĿѾǱվʲô
꣬ģ
ҲǼ֮ɫǱֵļΪȵ꣬˵
ǡ
ŷķ£ŷԪվ
ףˡ
ŷһǷƵǰףλʦ
Ǻǣŷ
΢һЦЦݡ
⡭
ŷԪȻ֪Լõʲô֢ǰô꣬һҲסˣĿתס
Ǻǣȷλʦκõģ
˿ϴЩЩЦݣ˵ͷ
лʦ֮
һɨۣŷԪͽЩҩʦеɫ۵ףŷľһ
ǺǣҲֻǻһݶѡ
֣סЦ⣬վֱɿ˴㵵£ŷһºһȥŸģζҩһʱ䣬ûɣ
û⣡
Ȼϡ伶ҩŷҲǺģţóһöָ
ǮͲˡ
һ֣ҡҡͷǳſȥ
ʦ
ֱӳ˰֣ͷҲص˳ȥ
ûȥ֪סһصıӰһѧԺѧԱκ˲֢֮
˵Ǿ仰ȴŷҵ˲ָ֪
һݶ飿


124 
ʶλʦ
ŷԪֱƵӰѾʧڽͷŻĲŷʵ
ʶ
ԣŷҲԻҡҡͷԺʼҲʲôʱƵӡ
ŷԪĿ⳯ŷһ˹ȥʮȫҡͷʾԼʶ
⡭
ŷԪסҲ̾һ´ټʦһҪ
׷ģһºһĽ
㣬ŷҲæ֤
Ͼ˭֪ҩʦصĲǽңҩңôһλκò֢֮ҩʦʱֺãʱֺã
ŷҵһˣʣЩҩʦվ﷢㶡
Ƹǵʵ̫ˣһ꣬Ȼκ˲֢֮Ҫȥֻʳ˶һ𶯣
᳤
һϵҩʦߵǰע⣬ŵ᳤ղλʦӦǷѧԺѧԱһλҩʦȴѧԺҩʦоҩȣ˷ôҩʦ缫ʧ
ţ
Ҳǳⲻϵ˸š
᳤
ҩʦΧ˹
֪ˡ
׳Ӧһ䣬ҲƽˣȥѧԺҪˣ
˵ţҴҵľ˳ȥԽԽ
˵λСʦڻʳҩʦϣҩʦӦܴ󷽹˰ɣ
ٺ٣ֹǴŹʰ
Ҳⲻ֢֮ȻҲκãЩϹŶҲɳɣ
ٺ٣
ڿߺϵҩʦһЦ

ѧԺһΪӵԺӣԺֱӱ˿ˣһӰҴҵľͳ˽õڴŵĻФɭ΢΢һ㶡
ǣ߽֮˶վӣȻ
ʦǡ
ɫԲȱĿף̽һ䡣
ϼһƽʱƢǹŹֵĺܣҩȴ᰹һˣҲΪˣǵĹҲûʲôɫ
ڣһĸߵĿףûκ׵ľܵѧԺõĻΪ㵡
ǰλѧԺԺɫ˸ֺϣţڱߵĻ˵ȥ
ˣ˵ȷǵһΣʱһҲǵЩͨ죬뵽ĳص̾ϢһһۻԺһ󡣡
һ仰˵꣬Ѿȫһ㣬ҲԵЩįһ뵽ƵֶΣĿǼᶨ
һλҩʦ뵽᰹ҩʦᣬպ󽫴ҫ
󣿡
Фɭ˶Ǳ仰Ūһһ㶡
߸ϵҩʦ᳤ôԼأõЩ벻ˣҲǺܿͷӦ˹ʦ˵޷ģһĳ
ţġ
ڻ̬ȣҲ΢⣬˶٣ŵԺѧԺǷһλҩʦѧԱ
ҩʦѧԱ
һ㶣ФɭҲ۵Ի
ҩʦǴ½߹ְҵһ£ͨѧԱѧԺƴƴΪ˵õȨǵʶôǣҩʦĻֱӾͳΪȨ׷Ķһȣҩʦ˭ɵĻѧԺܿࡣ
ΪҲûԺԿֻҪѧԱҩʦᣬôҿǷ㻪Ժһ飬Σ
Ŀ˸һǷų˵
һ飿
΢΢һ
һƽʱߣ߸ϵҩʦ᳤ȻʷǰܵѧԺһѧԱ룬ҪһôѧԱ
һͷԺȴһҲûץסΪûԼѧԺڻҩʦѧԱԣҲûжϡ
߾þò׵ɫҲҧҧ飬ʵ˵˰ɣԺѧԺҩʦѧԱҩʦҪϣңҪΪң
⡭
һһתҲǻһЦ⣬˹ȥʦ˵ס
ФȥǸҩʦѧԱйɣ˵ʦҪ
õĿ£תһվŵФɭһ
һ⻰Фɭһ㶣˵µĿסˡ

վ֣˦˦䣬ϵۣ˵ȥɣ̫ͻˡ
ĻõĻһ֤ʵǰǸǲܵ뷨


125 û
⡭
ФɭǱ˰죬ԴҲûԼѧԺһʲôҩʦѧԱʹɫһ㶣¶ŨŨĿЦ
ԺʦѧԺڲûһλҩʦѧԱ
ĵΰڹҲñ
ôûأ
ڿ˵ʱ򣬻ֱӵԲ۾ǳ˼ҿʦ˵ѧԺУǾͿ϶Уѵʦ˵Ѳɣϸ룡
ѻ˵ˣҲɫһ
ǡ
ФɭƵҪ˶ܵģҪǣĲ֪ôһѧԱЦҪɣʦλѧԱʲô֣Ұ飬Σ

һ㶣ڻֵʱŷ֣Լ֪ƽʲô֣ʱҲѯʣ˼˵Ҳ֪λѧԱʲô֣ǳ٣Ӧòʮ
֪֣ʮ
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣תǴŹάЦ⣬˵ʦ˵ֻҪѧԺôˣģҾԻǰ
ʦһǸѧԱòô
ФɭҲüͷʵ
ţǷѧԺУۣȽ㣬Ǻܳص֡
һƵĳ࣬׻˵š

Фɭʱɫһ׻һ㵵Ŀ
꣬ٵѧԱѧԺȥˣⲻͬû˵ô
ģҲЩڨڨһЦ˵ĻվǾͲͷˣֻҪʱԺϷǾˡ
ݴͣʱŸֵġ
ˣˣԷˡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷȻô˵ţȴԼһ㡣
Фɭ˿ĽͳԺ⣬߽
Ʒ˿ڲ裬ŷ²豭ͷһԵФɭ˵ФĲ

Фɭһ㶣ͻȻĿ佱ˮǺţԺӺ˵𰡣
ϺǣФװĻͦ
ֱۣһϷʵĿЦǿ⣬ҶˣһЩصһλҩʦѧԱ㾹Ȼ֪
Ҳص
ФɭЦҡҡͷеĲ豭£ŵԺ治֪ѧԺôҩʦѧԱ
ڿˣǿѾˡ
Цų˰֣Ϊ˵š
ǡûа
⻰Фɭͬ˻һ㣬ൽˡ
⡭
ʱ򣬻ž쵽ԭԺһֱûпЦ˼ɫҲФ治֪ôˣ
š
Фɭ˵ͷ
ʱסˣվȥüҲһѡ
ӿ׵ĻУŵĲ³һЩǾнףнףȻΪ᰹ҩʦ᳤ܻҲΪһ꣬Լˡ
Ȼ˵ҩʦᣬҲ᰹ˣѧԺǾԼ϶Ҫ׽һЩңףУǾһͷȵӣǿɲ٣˳۵ģһŲȣһȥҩʦҲ㣬ǿǴĲ
Уÿˣ
۾ȨϣԣҪǽѧԱҳһҪ£
ǣԺǴӺ𰡣
ФɭȻҲĵǣǰ˵ڼǧѧԱ֮Ҫô˳Ǽǲܵġ

ɫҲһϼжʮڵѧԱһҪҳΪֹ
ԺֻǲףվˣǵҲգԸϣǷ˽ģ˶ûһ˿ôģ

ФɭһϯõĻüͷɫҲԿա
Ĭ˰죬ФɭֵԺʵǸżҾã£˳Ȼã룬׼Ȼ֪ôˣʱΪβסܵҪأ
԰
ԣһƣϲôû뵽ӵ߼ҩ꣬ȻѡҩʦᣬǾǳңҩضͬôֻҪעЩ͵꣬Ǿܷʱ򡭡
û
ФɭҲһЦĵ˵ͷ

Цһļ򣬵Фһ治Ǹǵģ
һУΪ˵ķȴû˿ľ򣬻صѧԺƽǴ
һ뵽ҪСӣƵǲ¶һ˿Ц⡣


126 
£һУ۵Ůڲݵϣµϣǳһ˫ˮӣĿŲԶĳ
ֻǼ򵥶һȴõ·ѧԱƵƵףȴûȥƻΨĻ档
ѩɽʢѩָţ˲£ǣûгãһ꣬ϴһ˿ĻЦĳǸŮٶʱõĺܶͣ˽ŲһǾĿ
ǣҼҵСӺʱ˶Ƹˣ
һ߽ƾֱӷŮͷϣදҲϷ֮⡣
Ů΢ѸٵתͷڣǾϲ֮ɫС³Ƹ磡
Ǻǡ
ǵĻȣԶѾЩŭüͷ̾һںСӴкҲˡ
Ƹ磡
վ
嵭ķ˱ǣõķ۾㰡
㡭
ĻŮӿһ糺죬һһתȥˣߡ
ϣİˡ
ЦһһȺѾ͵꣬ǣŮ޹ǵܷܷС֣ڶۺĿ³һ򻺲ȥҲǣɵĸȫһСϱģһصǣԭأþò

һϣбڲݵϣеһ֪СݣһûһµĽţŮ˫ϥľԱߣһ˫ӲͣĲԵ꣬˵Сϣʱһ˿糺졣
˵ӣ۲۰
Ůٴʱ򣬷΢΢ŵ۾ͻȻ΢ʵ

ץ˸ţԵЩңһǶһ˵ķۺɫ֧֧˵
뿴Ϳ͵͵ġ
һ䣬õŮɫˡ
СӣȻǸǻ
żǾµΨƲ̾һ
Ů˵Ǹǻأ
Ƹ磡
תͷ鶯ȻĿ
Ǻǡ
µ˿еСݣӣ΢Ůͷ簮ĿǰŮҲ֪˭ôõĸȡҼ
Ƹ磡˵ģ
Ůĵ˵ţһĨ޵ľǿ
ɵϣôܲأ⹫˼һü
ԣҲ΢΢һ㶣Цĸ˸Ů
˵ģҪүүźƸ硭
ŮףԽ˵ԽС
˵ɵ
簮ŮǣģԺԼĶ˵ģʱ򣬿ɱ˵ʶ簡Ǻǣ
ģԶġ
ŮӱСһĨȻȻ
ӡ
ȥķ˶Ͻǣʱ۾Ǹطʲôط
Ǹط
˳ŷָ˹ȥԺ
Ժ
һ㶣Ժĳƺȷǵһš
š
˵ͷҲ¶һĨɫ͵ԺǸصĵطҲǷѧԺŵļеأ˵ԺʵһˣҲԺǰʮ
Ŷ
Ƥһ۾Խ
Ժշ˵Ӧһĳ쾧أѧԺֺڸǣ벻ͨǣѧԺ֮Ϊشڣ෴ģȻǽ˸ʲôԺΪȷЩ
ôܽԺأ
֪쾧棬ȥҲЩġ
ÿԺѧԱһνԺĻᣬһΣֻ
һĽ͵
Ŷ
һƱ˾Ժǰ˵ʲôսлˣСӡ
ֳŮıһԾƱվ
ƸҪȥԺô
۾ں㺡
ǺǣҲɡ
ʶһŮƱǷŮڵɫ΢ЦһСӣѾˣ߰ɡ
š
Ӧһվ˵ʧľСͷ

죬Уĵһ죬Ʋ۾ԱǴһЩ߳ȥһƲŷ֣ѾУˣǸϵѧУΪҪӭУ䣬ѰѧԱҲֻǸʱܼԺһ档
ңգҲԺʼѡӣ㲻ܱѡϣմ֣¼ʶҲǲġ


127 Ժѡ
ƹͣеĻơ
£
ǰ꣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣҵĽ֣ҲһЩͬʱӵеҲеʮֵľġ
š
Ƶ˵ͷѯʵʦԱԺѡô
Ժѡ
һ㶣˵ͷôҪ
š
Ƶͷ
⡭
ԥһ˷Ƽۣ̾һҲǣƾʵԺѾʮǿĴˣԺҲǲܵ顣
оͽʮǿ֮һİԣɲһõġ
û⣬һ㱨ȥģ
ڷڴĿ£˵ͷ
лʦ
ƴϲæл
˵ԺûĵˣֻԺЩνţ˼ɡ
ɲҪˣǰûôá
ŷǸɫüͷԺʮǿǸԣǵ׵Ĵڣԣвɴˣ
Ǻǣʦģ
һ΢ЦĿһתʵʦѧԺǷһλΪѧԱ
ʳڣԵҲЩš

Ķŷƣһڣã˵ȷУңԺӰʦеֱӾͽԺˣԣһɶõĺӰ
˵Ҳ޲ڣϾǲడңһЩżġ
ŶѾԺô
۾һл֮󣬱˳ȥ칫¥ĿǳϷȥ
쾧
˸Ÿӵɫҡҡͷȥ
УǱزٵģƿǷ࣬һصᣬܿͽ붨״̬
գůʵ£һҫջ𣬰һ޵ķѧԺٶȱóഺŮѧԺ½ϵӿǵĿĵؼΪȷǱλѧԺĵĴ㳡
ѧԱѧԱ֪ǷǳҪһ죬Ҳ˵ÿ죬һʢˡ
עصģɣԺˡ
ܹʸԺѡģһڸ༶ڳ֮ˣ֮ǿǿ߿ϣ˹עģɾԺʮǿˣʮˣǻ˽۹⡣
кܶˣҲ˵ˣʮǿ֮һİԣһˣͬһ죬ȨƼİңҲ伣һֲźţͬʱҲĳǸĲ֮
ƣһİ֣ôͻأĳ֪С
ң
˲ҡͷһİļ壬ûŹǣڣѾûٸСˣΪңõӣ
ڼ򵥵ϴһ󣬷Ʊ߳˷䣬Ȼһ·Ź㳡ȥ˹㳡Ʊǿ˳ڣֱ˹ȥһȺָվš
վ˺֮УƵĿӹ㳡ɨڹ㳡λôǴ̨ϣϯλ
ϯλλ԰׵ߣһλǷѧԺĸԺФɭһλ˵Ժˡ
Ȼ˻ϢѰûʲô𣬲ƣȴܹĲλżֵһԪĲֲڷʶǿֻ֮л죬ܹﵽ
ڣ
ƵҲ֣Ͼ᰹̨ǿˡ
ûѧԺҲţ᰹ôǿߣ֪һԺ֮ľãԺУֻ»˲˵ǿڡ
ѧԱǺܿ;ˣȫǧˣûзһ˿ĵ˵ͷФɭһͬվ
ȣҴѧԺӭλѧԱ
˵һѵ̨滰ǫ̃µѧԱѪڣԺѡˡ
Фɭǰʱ̨֮£Ҳ
΢΢ѹѹƣФɭһȦ֮λѧԱԺѡˣ뱨μѡѧԱǰ
ҲûйĆ£ڽһ֮󣬱һ
ΣܹμԺѡҲһٶ棬ֻԺʮǿ֣ȻڣȻԵ֣ȻǸ滻ˣʵԺʮǿҲǴԺѡгˣϣģʣʮǿǰˡ
վ̨£һٶѧԱǻɨţǼǻʶҲ˽ԷʵǵǵĿڷϵʱȴ¶ɻɫ
࣬ϵ
࣬
㵽ӱ̨


128 ͵
̨ϵıȶѧԱǿ֮ʱĻһЩ֮ǣڷУȴȻȤ©ٳɱȫޣֱһ
վҵĻ䰡
Ʋ̾һûоĲʵٸߣҲͷѣͬʱңħɽħദһ࣬ϰ˸ɱ͵Ϯһû˿ɱı˵ҼҸûʲôˡ
һ֣İһ࡭ơ
ڿ֮ʱФɭΪԼ۾ˣһˣҲǽȻҲμԺѡⲻ㵡
һʦɻϵ̨ȥϸＸ䣬ŵ˵ͷǰķƣĿȻһ
͵ıʱȥ˭֪һһͽʮǿ֮һİԸˣõֶ࿴˼ۡ
ڷ̨ԭЩֵĳ΢΢˾һ˫˫Ŀⶼɨɨȥ
ȷ¼ƵѾѧԺ
̨ԭĿļʮǿ֮һѧԱҲ۾ɨƺ󣬴඼¶мһ˵ɫ
ʦнףǵȷۡ
ʼ
̨֮ФɭǺһ
䣬ǸΪӱֱŷƳ˹ʵҲʦнס
ɽƣ
ӴһԪڱһɾ糯ŷ
Ȼһ֣óԼȫ
ܿűУĹѾ޿ˣǷȴҡҡǰһΣܿĹƣͬʱӡؿڣԪ³ӶʱͱƷ˳ȥą̇̄¡
﷭Լؿڣ㵵̧ͷȥ
ԭӦشԼճлҳؿ΢ʹھȻû˿ܴ
ס
ԭһûһۿ̨ĻɨһҲһ
Ŀƣɲһӵеģ
СӲ
΢ڷͣƬ̣Ŀٴ㳡ϿȥƺѰǲ֪ҩʦѧԱ
ʤ
ФɭĻ£Ʊ̨ȥ
л
м˵
Ǻǣûʲô
΢һЦվһ𣬹ۿ̨һĴ򶷡
ʮǿ⼸ˣҲһл֣ܶмͶȥƵĿ⣬ڴˣƲǺ⡣
ʤ
һ׳˶ʮӣĶһȭ֮󣬲ų̂ߵ̨ߣӸµƲŷƣúǰȻ˵Ƿƣ
ɸһս
ƵĻĿⶼǿ˷ơ
ͣһʵѾʦףʮǿǰĴڣƽʱҲ˰ԲٵĺôΰԱϣĵе㲻˻һơ
ʹˣѧԱ֪ԵĹϵŷƵĿ⣬㶼ǳֻεȵȸָΣΪ͵һ仰ٶʹ÷ʱΪȫ㡣
ͣ
ƻûػФɭǳ
ƲʦнףܻʦĶ֣Ͼ̫ˡ
ͲʵͣҪ̨֮ʱһ쳹
кβң
ΧƴҲ֪ƴӺζĿĶŸߴǾ׳˶Ӱ΢УĿע£˵Ϊ嵭֮ϣҲûΪԷʵǿ˿ս
Ŀڰн֯ۻԪԼͬӿϸ΢ҲǴɢЩΪԪ˲伱ӿĳ
ʼƶѵˣϵѧԱǶʱЩζˣһЩѧԱԷƾĲ⣡
ΪǿͲҸƣ˭֪ƾȻϵӦսˡ
һʦнףԵߣƾʲôȥԿһǿߣ
Ƶһԣ΢üͷ죬ֹģȰһ·ƣһɣû˵
ФɭҲΪƵĴ΢΢һֹȴ¡
ҾãɲҪССһŶ
Ǵһ˿ζüͷһƽķƣ˵ҵ뿴Сһ﾿صж
Фǿʼɣ
⡭
ФɭüͷĿٴɨˣƵķǲΪģǿڻȻͬ⣬ôԿʼ
ৣ
żһֵ棬ƵӱԾֱӾ͵ԣ˵ľ룬ֻһߣ


129 ն
̨ϣҩζǳŨҲû뵽ʦķƾȻҽԼսǰվ꣬һ㶣ϾͳһЦ⡣
ԭֻڿͷһƣڣȴǿԹĲŰһ
ٺ٣ԼԹñˣ
Цţİڶֽţһʹɢټǲݣڳ޲Ĭ
ͷ࣬ΪԼ˰Ծ޵ˣ
֮ܣܵˣ
Щ˵ĶУΧЩֻĿ⣬˵üͷҲǽ
ģûµģ
ǽŵɫ˳ǣοһ䡣
ȻԸŷƵʵǣ֮䣬ʵ̫ˣ࣬޷ֲġ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷϵĵȴû˼٣һ˫ֱ̨ϵǵӰСֽקĲϵˮƸ磬һҪû°

ǸģĻ֪Լõ˼أ̧ͷǵֱͦ꣬У˸Ÿӵɫ
̨ϣ˾룬һӦսʦҲ̫⣬һ˫۾ͣڵöҲζ
ٴɨһˣФɭɫһкȵʼ
ٺ٣ȥɣ
£͵Ԫڱɷڣͬһͷһ㣬߸Ծһ˫ȭͷԪ˸Ӹµĳŷͷ­䡣
Ƕɱţ
ȭ
ƽԪһһĵϾۼӣڿǻƣĿⶸȻһֺֻȻȭӭȥ
أ
ȭͷĿ֮ײһ𣬶ʱһɹɾǴбŷ̨ϵĻҳӰҲ֡
ףСһȻ򵥡
۾΢΢Ȼҳסߡ
סˣ
Ҳûдҽһ㶡
ôܣ
ĻҳɢȥһĻõ۾
̨ϣɱڰգǣʮֵĴ㵣Ȼ޷ʦн׵εֵסԼȫһġ
ƣȻµ̨ʯҲѿȴһҲûкˣ

һȭͶ˳ȥ
Ͳûóһշ̨ϣҲ䲻Ĵ˸ʱϵĿ֮Ҳһ˫۾ھǾ㵵Ķŷơ
ԸоƵԪ֮ڣЯһɭԼΪѹֻһξҪˣ
ƾҪˣղŵĶײŵҲһǳͣѾûжѹˡ
һ˫˫㵣ĿͣڷƵϣԭм飬ЩϽ
ʦн׶Դʦûܣ
϶ʱ־Ȼһ˫˫ڣǲ˼Ŀ⡣
ܣȻǲܣΨһĽͣǾǷ̫ǿˣǣԪûкԣ˿ס
ѵ߼似
⼸ΨһĿˣ
뵽˰ԣ֮ҵ³һУõķб
ߣ
ЩԼ͵ɫҲһٴΰڶ
ȭ
н似һƱӰŷƼӶ
ȻѾȫ

ʱ򣬷ȴǱ۾ŷȥԪҲ£ԵǷ˵ֿһ㡣
ⷬٶõĹעˣЩĪФɭɫҲƺֹ
ϾԷڵı֣ͿԿó츳ʮ갡ʮܶԿʦѧԺԺҲడ
ФüǸСһɲȡ
۾ŷƣڴһĨȻ
꣬ƣ
ȥɣ
͵ϾЦ⣬ȭͷݺݵӡƵؿڡ
罫ƵҲȻ䣬͵һĨһľâ˲仮
ն
һɾ˵˲۶ɣͺëǴʱѾ޷ֻܿӲͷƤ߶Ԫݺݵ˹ȥ
ն
һ۴ӷƵĿ³һּ۵ƣƱŷâͬһ绮ݺݵĳӭȥ

ݿ࣬һ˲䣬͵ķȫƳնֻһ٣͸߸ߵ׷ɶ𣬰УһѪԶԶӹ̨Ⱥ֮С


130 Ů
ȫžţ
ѧԺĴ㳡ϣǧûз˿һ˫˫۾ȫɵϴЩҲۿ˳Ÿһţ̨¾þѪͣеû취
ԺʮǿڶǿߣͣȻһ½ѧԱһлܣҰܵĺ޷
̧ͷٿǸֻЩ΢΢Ϣʱǵ飬ڿһһ㣡
һʮô
ʱԭһԵҩʦǿ첽˹ȥʼ͵Ĵˣ죬ɫʹɫŽ˼ٻڵѪվ΢΢ͷ̨ϵķƣþòĬת뿪˹㳡
û˵ɫƽĿȥ
ղţûгȫҲλԺǲԼɱ˵Ļģڣһ̶ȵĴڡ
Ƹ磡
ˮĴ۾һ㵭Ứ
ɵϣ
̾һԼõļ򣬰οš
ΧЩֻˣʱˣһڨڨվ۾ҲûطЩΪ±ҲòҰޱȡ
ʤ
ФɭʽĻ
ȿȣ
ŵĻ˼Фɭע⣬ФͲñˣرѡԺɡ
ûڸǣΧĵʦѧԱľҲûʦʾʲôס
ЦѧԱزУܽԺˣֻǸԺѧԱһȥ淳ıԶѡ
ƣ
Фɭе
ţ
תɻĿǷֻһ΢ЦĿԼʱһ
㲻ñˣ̿ԽԺ
Фɭ쳹ȫǾȴûж٣󲿷ֶģǸ˫۳ȵĿŷƣȻѾƵ˳ݵĶ
һ˴漣
ʦȥһ±Ҫ
ФɭвͷһЩĳԸ
õġ
˵ͷŷƱ뿪˹㳡
һֱʵģʮǿǰһǰǰģͣûвμӣǣȴҲٵԺʮǿһı
Ȼĺ
ԵЩ۵꣬ЦϵЦݸջһʢ
ҲǡԼԣֺ£ֵԼͽһѧԱԺǹͬʱҲһʦҫ
Ǻǡ
΢ЦЦĿҲһĨڴ
Ժ쾧
ֻǿϧʦҲûüʲô
̾һҡҡͷҲǣƾƿʵҲûʲôԽˡ
һƣǳһ֣֮ûڿϻʮ꣬Ǿģǣʮ꣬ȴˣ
ƻ˵ʲôȴϣԺһһҪպãңԺиؾ󡯣һҪ취ȥһΣ϶벻ľϲ
ؾ󣿡
һһ֣Ǿ֪ǷѧԺؼղ֮ˣǶԳ˹֣ĵлʦָ㣡
Ǻǣûʲôȥ˳Ҳ֪
ڷƵ̬ȣҲǷǳãϾԼҲŴʦн׵ΪͷƸ͵£Ҳ˵Լֵܵס
һϵеõһöĻ¡
ָ״СĻ£ʮֵľ£ӡ̵һĻΣˮУƴĦãҲŪӡĵʲôݳ˵ö£ĽԺˡ
˻£ûļĸȥԺߵĲݵϣãʱ磬ΧǳҲӣһᣬñ˹
Ǻǣ
վϴһ˿΢Ц
Ƹ磡
ǰϵЦ⣬еͷһᣬۿ΢΢
΢΢һ㶣ֱۣĨŮϵ飬̾һɵϡ
Դϴξ֮󣬷ƱǾãƺԼһرľ㺡
СʱǵϷԣʧЦ
ֻˡ
ŮıǼ⣬ϷõŮתΪЦɬģΪˣõķƵҲ˼ġ
û˵෴ģһᡣ
¹⣬к£һԣϣ̸һϣЦûжϹҲࡣ


131 鷳
Ŵ߳˿ǳԼڵԺȥһ·ϣҹһ貵һ㣬ڶĿ⣬ǣȴûк
Ϊң
ɫ¹Ůϣ׵ݣˣõһˡ
ڵԽԽˡ
ǰ˵һȻһлǸһ治֪ôġ
ԺѧԱһ·ţһ·ţ߶
Ǳ˰
꣬С㣬Ҫ˰㣡
һӲ¶һ˿ɫǱֹͬ͵͵һıӰûлͷ˿
Ǹʲô֣
ƺʲôƵġ
һ·˵ţԽԶȥ
ƣ
ԭŵۣȻһͣתȵվס
һ٣϶¶ЦɫתҲֱ
ǣղ˵ĿһзƵģ
Щ˸ţʳڣҲԵЩţǵõ񶨵Ĵ𰸡
ôʣ΢΢һ㶣һУ
ģ
õ˿϶Ĵ𰸣Եúܼˣ׷ʵ

ԺѧԱԱʱļģһһ㶵ġ
ĻǸĬֱıô
˵ģ
㶵ı飬ɫһ壬һɱƴڱŷõ䲻Ĵ˸
Ժ
Ժ
ԣɫǻĵллλ
˵꣬˽ӽʯɫ£ƮȻת첽Ժķȥ
ǸվͽԺˣ
һӷӦס
ʲôԺ
ٴתϾǴ㵵ɫ
û
ӵ˵ͷĽԺ¼˵һ顣
Ƹ磬һл˴ʦ
ŮһڸֳһĨˮ⣬аϲҾ֪Ƹģ
ٴεлǻȥϣҲһ˿δй΢Ц
ߺãҲûһϵеתзӦ
֣ôô
֪
ڨڨҡҡͷתǼһΪվĿǡ
٣
ӽǾһ亹ǵĲУ֪Ǻʱģһ뵽о˲һڶ¶ɫ
Ȼ˵츳ͣǱӵнԣԪﵽ˸Ʒ̶ȵĽ࣬ң˼ҿĵ
ҵȨƣң᰹Ҳ˵ֻˣԣŪһѧԱԽ˵ʲô¡
ߣ
ֻһ˼Ҫ̱ȥηģǳһĻȣɫһ䣬ȵ˵ղǺ˵ʲôһߣ
˵˵
˶ǲϵĺˮ϶Ľղŷһһֲ©Ľ˳
˵ֲǵģ
Ĭ۾ʵ
ǣǣ
ƣ
ϸ֣â˸˸ǿԹˣ
л٣л٣
æлĶӡ
ҵҪƣʲôˣ
һߣ˺ڰ֮С
ֲһƽʱŮ϶Ե޹ʵĶһİ˲Ȥ
ҹ˾¹£ڰҹԺᣬ¹£ҲԵķľ
ҹɫУһӰȻӶżһ֦ƮݵĴԶӶվ֮⣬ƽĿ⣬һɨϵɫԪֵ͸
һһ
ĿⶸȻۣ֣һεİ׼û˺ڰ֮С
ݣ
ǵİ׼ʧ֮ʱ䣬һһڣһӰ󼸸ԾȵھӰԶ̧ͷһϮ£ͦεӡ
ںҹײû˿Ԥ׵ģЩ𻨡
Ƿƣ
ЩƽƮ컺õη
һ֪ǳֲˣƵ
뿪ѧԺȻ
˵䣬һ㡣
ǣ
ԣЦ΢΢̧ͷӣ¹ҫ£Ե÷񣬡ƾ㣿
ֳƵĻںҹǻɢ
Ҳ˱ĸΪ䣬һ꣬û˵κλ˫΢ţɫԪţңȻһƿɢ


132 
Ԫ
ǴɫԪɢƿƵһĨ죬û뵽ˣȻӵ뻪ͬԹԡ
΢ɫԪҲӿʢƵɫƽעİİӣû˿η뵨ӡ
뿪Ǿ
׵ģóһ˸ӨӨ֮ĳǹһżһֵ棬ǹȻһɫĲӰڰֱƵؿڡ
ڰУΪĹƣƿХ쳹
ʵǿ󣬶ҶԼӣ˿Ҵ⣬һƫϮͬʱھζԪȣһĽһģٵĳһ˫Ͼ£
ȭ
ȭͬʱڶٴϮĳǹϡ

죬ҲƿƵǸ˳ǹأɶβͣҲ۲ѡ
ڣһĨ측֣һٴγϡ
ס֣
˵ĴǾֵҹĵʦ
һӰм䡣
ôˣڸ
ɨһ۷ƣٿʱ굼ʦüͷ
ûʲôǺǣѧд轻һ¡
ĵʦҲ֪ѾΪֹˣƲƲ죬еĳǹ˵š
ôˡ
ȻʦҾˣѧܣǵ˵Ļ
İ˰֣굼ʦ˵Ծʧںڰ֮С
Ϊ굼ʦҲǺݺݵĳ˳飬תͷ꣬üͷһʵƣôģ

ҲϵԪҡҡͷҵġ
˵ţɫҲ𽥵ı䣬ɼǵýʱµĻ
ʦʲôݣ
ܿ굼ʦϵĹ˼֮ɫǿʵ
񣬵ʵղѾʶˡ
˵ţ굼ʦŷƵĿҲӾ
꣬Ȼܿ񣿣
뵽⣬굼ʦǼ
ԪȣǿǴﵽϡٵĸƷҲ˵ﵽڸûж⣬ңƾƷԪϽԣͨĴʦ߽ҲĶ֡
Ԫʦн׵꣬Ȼ⣿
룬𺳣꣬ǰҲüΪ
֪˽ݣƵüͷ
ݣǿһ֮֮ϣ˽֪һĵԵ޹ʵĶԼ˵⣬ɱ⣬ⲻòĸѹ
һԪ˧һ࣬ƺԼг
΢΢Цܿ죬Ƶ̬Ǳ˹ʵڲУԼбݣҩʦ
ɱҩʦǻ⵽ҩʦıģ
˵¼ǿߣмǷҩʦģмҩʦģ
뵽ˣǲ΢΢лʦ档
굼ʦ˹֣Ʊǻĳȥ
һҹתۼϴˢһţֱԺȥ
ԺʣŵĵطܽĴ󲿷ֶͻƵ鼶ڣ
ȻҲôͻƵģϾʦ飬Ǿһ˵ԾĴ󿲣
ǣѧԺڵѧԱ˵ԺǾѾͬԾˣֻҪܽԺǰǾһ
峿ľͷվԺڣһ˫СֽקţȥûвԶһɫӰ޷޵ıһۣתȥ뿪Ľ£ڵ
ڷתһǵϤӰǳǰŮǲģӿһµĲҲǼӿࡣ
˽ŲȻ̧ͷһ΢ЦĳԼ˹
һĻԭֻвŻ֣ͬʱҲˮסˣ
Ǹˡ
ǰͤͤŮգѱӡĵ˸ǰӺףЩǸ
̧űǰһЩɬۣһЩӣϺȻ¶һߵЦݣһõһĿľľٶ
ѧԺдûκһйԽͨѵֹŮʱ˫΢΢ſȻһͷ˽ʱṵ̊ȡϤζ
Ƹ磬֪һģԣһֱڵ㡣
ŮĻõķƵ΢΢һУ죬пŮճյڼѰԼһĻӡԺ֪꣬ŮӦöôɹġ


133 ת
һ˫ֱۣĻŮˮһϸƵͷŮ˿ϵɫҲǼΪ㡣
ȿȣ˵ӵ˽ʱһԵһܲǱӵˣһ
ÿС˰ڷƻеǳ״ӳ֮˵Ҹ뼤˹ʱϷһĨ糺죬¸æӷƻ˳Ȼͷߵվһԣһ˫С֣ҲקЩס
ƵСŮ˽ģҲЦһתͷĿͶһԵڨЦٺ٣Ǹˡ
˵ţóöһС
ϸ˿£ƣҲһĨ죬Žµݻƣ˵ԽȥˣԺöǱġ
˵ţָָ
Ŷ
ɨһƱǿŮУϵȷһöԼһĻ£ѧţ±УϣȻǸ΢΢һЦл
лգŮ޹ǵϸС֣ľСȥҲûзһ΢΢죬绨
ֻһμʮ׵СǣŨܵĹľУĸоʮͬѰϢҲǴʦ
һ˫˫â˸˸۾صɨˣڿؿϵĻº󣬾âŻɢȥ
Щֻǣ߹˼ʮ׵ľ֮󣬽Ժ֮һŨԪõ̲סĺһΡ
ĿǰһɨҰﾰҲõķ΢΢һ
Ժô
ǰ૵ĵ
ǰһΪİأص״һ޴ʯҳһ㡣
ڣһԺ׺УӸµĹۿܹһϸСĺӰԺ֮߶
ٳǰӣƱǷ֣ڰصĴһʽڴɫ֮УҲǺӰĵطϵ˽š
ڷѧԺ֮ڣȻôһ֮أ
ʦܸоôʲôԵģ
ĵףĺŷϡ
ܣ̫ˡ
ǲϵԺ쳹𣬡Ҿǿ쾧ӦþǰڣֻҪܽȥǾû⡣
Ŷ
һʲôʱ򣬶ȴһĺǳʱɫ
ҹ
һŮˣɫΣεСϣû˿ĸ¶³űϢСϵ¶ҲΪ֮
Ӱ
۾â˸˸ӷƵҲƲסıŷһɷҲЩ졣
Ƹ磿
һ˲ת䣬õ֪룬һ۱Ӱֿ˿ɷڵ֪꣬ʲô¡
ӰȻҲоԷƵĵ⣬ⲻ΢΢Ȼ΢ЩϤӣƤһ㣡
ˣСǵǸӹ꣡
һӹţô⣿ɨؿöµʱһ
֮裬ҷƼ£֮һȥѧԺ㣡
һӹţһ꣬ϵĻֻصԡ
գΪûʸѧԺӹţȴվԼǰңƾԼʵ뵽Ժ
ʦнף
ѾȻһ۾Ϳ˷ƵΪ
ⲻܣ
ѿ˵¶֮ɫ
һƽƽԣͽ׵꣬ʱ֮ڣһͽʦزֱ޷顣
ôģ
ףӰʦǵСӡ
Ӱϵ֮ɫһͦɷգǣһаȵЦ⣬Ҽǵã뵼ʦȥǵʱ䣬ֻһ˰ɣ
Ȼһ΢ЦȴǺΪ
ȷ
Ӱüͷǰûа·ϣڣܾƺѾвԼ
ȥˣ
˵һֱתߣһ˵ıӰ
ߣ
һĺ˿ŷ֣һ㵵ĿԼһЦ⣬û¡
ǡ
Ů۵ĵǣóƺԼʦЩìܣңìƺЩ¡
Ǻǣˣȥɡ
΢Цķ˿ġ
š
һѾԶȥӰüͷԥƸ磬ˣһġ
˵գڷƵ΢Ц£ŮȻԶȥ


134 
ѾԶȥӰϵЦҲıһɫЩ䡣
ʦ𣿡
ĵĻһ
СѾͷѾˣٹãͻнҲǳ¡
ƾϵ۹⣬ӰΪȻһɨ塣
ȻѾô
ڣ˸һ˫ȭͷҲǻսһž֮ڷƵǣһĨЦ
ǣǸСѾͷЩְ
һ٣ԽԽˣΪȻףʣȴѾﵽ߽ףʻǰͷ治֪ôġ
ףƺǸСŮҲ
ͻȻģֲľһгŨŨɻ󣬡֣֣
Ŷ
Ϣüͷݺݵ˽
ˣӦʲôؼɡ
ҲȥϾ£һв֪٣СӣĿǰΪǸСѾͷûаʤ㰡
֪
΢΢˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ƾԼʵȫʩչնֵܵĹͨĴʦ۷ѣԸԵӰ϶ԶԶĲ
ⲻΪնܲΪԪ̫ˣ
ˣܷӳڵؼ似ܣʱ㾡ȫҲǷӳһܶѡ
ԪؾƷףǣʱȴҲ쾧侧ܾƷˡ
ԣǾֻԪġʡ
ͻƴʦ
˫УȼܵĶ־·ȥ
Ǽһ˸ǼǴСԺ䣬̧ͷ˿˽ȥ
һӵСݣܣϼܶѷ˸鼮һͷ԰׵һ棬һƵľϸϸĿţлдʡ
վãҲûƱЩˣٵǿĻ
Ҳûһ㣬ԹԵֹţõķƼƣҲֻ̫վɿݵĵȴ
ʱ˽ѡˣƣζһ٣ֻ΢ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼշһͣ˲ĥӡ
ţǾǵԺ䣡
һֱڹĦߣͷҲû̧һӣĸľзɳֱˡ
ƿƱǳһ̽һľƱģľƴĵ飬õһľ
ߣ򵥣
ˣľǽˣһȴͨ죬˦ѡ
ȻССľҲôýӵġ
СӸˣ
Ƴǵͷߣ˹֣ǻ˳ȥ
ߺԭĦ̧߲ͷһ˫â˸ѾԶȥķƵıӰ΢Уεһӡ
˵һ仰ǵͷȥϸĹĦžϵ֡
ʮԺ䣡
˳ƺ룬ƺܿԺȺҵԼԺ䣬Ժһֻһ䣬Ժû˶ԼСԺԺӹһȦǳŰмȥ
ļ쾧㲻Ҳȥôһڡ

ԺЩƵϣ;֮УԺ֮䣬һƬƬյأЩյϣƶܹһЩдĻȵվȦЩȦ⣬ҲŲΧ֮ˡ
ܹԺˣȻ򵥡
һսȦջߣЩ̾ĵ
Χ۵ģǶսģûһڴʦģ
ʦнףһЩ˲Ŀ⡣
ȻܱȰ
ƿЦҡҡͷǳǰȥ
룬һʦǵСǣܸıһƣǵʦȴȱȽǣ
Χ˱Ƕ
ĿɨɨƱЩ㵵ķ֣֪ΪΣϵĵ·ԽԽ˴ӵ˹ƺͬһĿĵء
ѵȥģ
Ŀ΢΢µĲҲӿࡣ
ôˣ
ǰΧһȦӰƲɵһȻ
֮ڵǣһΪӴĺЩ˶վſڣһһŶ˽ȥͬʱҲЩһΪƣŴ˳
ּΪĳõ÷ϵĴԽŨʢðκ󣬷𽥻ع૵Ժ
ĿϸɨƱǷ֣һۿɼԪ˳
澿ʲôܡ
֪ܴһδ֪Ե쾧쾧ĴڣӦñܵģȴǿʽɲ÷Ʋˡ


135 ɵ
ŶĽ룬ƱǿЩ˷ǸղŽȥõЩˣֻһǴ죬ڶţ·ҲߵĲȵɫҲԵЩࡣ
ԭ쾧ڸѧԱ壡
ϵͻأĴƵԺڡ
쾧
΢΢һ֪쾧ϴӵĺôǣ쾧ǳͣЩѧԱܳܵġ
ţΪɻˡ
Сӣ쾧򵥣ֻǡԵģ
ϵĻһըõķζʱһҲ˿¶˼ɫ
ԣǺ죬Ѿʶˡ
ţĺȻ伱һ˫۾ҲǱЩͨ졣
ͣУƾڵΪȥô
ЦһһͰˮ£õķȻһѡ
ǰⶫ˵ԺĸԼҪߣѧԺһԼƴ
Ρ
ԷϵļʶҲûܼԵ쾧ǣѧԺȴһ飬Ū˵ʲôҲġ
ֻҪʵûʲôŪġ
ϵҲûֹϾҲ𾪵ĺܣݺѰһ飬ûܵõȴõķСˣͬ岻ͬʱԼŪһԵ쾧ָпĿԡ
ȻƵ΢ǷƵȴõķЩۺˡ
ģɵĻҲǹһǳǳЦ⡣
ǰʵѵǲô
žĽӽƷĲͬѰ֮Ųںǰ״ϸϸĴżֹϵĺϲ֪Ǻ͸һֺ̣ƺɽһ㡣
㣬ȥÿ
ΪվſڲߣſڵǸƲһۣ䵭ĺǳ

΢΢һ㶣ǷԼǰѾûֵԼˡ
ΪλޣչأһܽһʱѾһˣԼȴɵɵվԭط㶣Ҳѹ߻ǳԼ
Ǹ
Ǹ˵һƱ̧ųźȥ
ԽӽӽţԽӾңƬ̺󣬵վڴſʱоȻѾ˺ˮ
վڴſڣһеѹֶ£һҧһᣬŲ̧ص̤˴֮ĺڰС
ǰߺȻһ˲󣬷ƱǸо˫ŲĽϣȻлɿӱһ㣬͵һɫҲͽȻһӣת˲䣬ļΪ㵡
龰
ûԣ
硭޲߹Ǳ޲ߣԣƱжϣʱԼܵͻϮɵģ

쳣ı֣ſڴǸҲ΢΢죬üͷ΢΢ѵоͳɣҪǿţ

ѣƳһӱվֱû¡
˽ȥÿһεĽӴ棬ǶǻһʹϮǣ̶ֳȣ˵Ѿ㲻ʲôˡ
ס
ŷǷģ߸Ǿȳܿ죬ջĿ⡣
ϾܽԺģ˭ûԼˢӣǣʱʱǵ߶Ӱƺ뿴ֵܼʲôʱһ㡣
ںһһŵķڷǰʱľ˴ӷĶӶһȻǱĲ塣
Խ߽ɵǿҲԽͬʱҲǳ׵ˣΪҪýԭ𵽵ͨ׵á
ʱſڵȴɵˡ
ӷнһλõʱ߾ѾܳԾһˣһѾǺܲˣǣȴûͣ½ŲһһĻȥ
˻
ߵ˵ţһ׵ӽŵϮҵʹõķƵһ
ˬ
ӶɪţȴẰһ˫۾ҲϲͬʱҲˣΪӰʻﵽ߽׵ĵزⶼΪ׵ԭ
ʵƻûм룬ǳһԵСȥ
ôܣ
ΪſڵУõӶɳˣ۾Լǿˣǣۿһһ߹ȥģôдأңҲûȥˡ
Ĳ㣬Ҳ˵Ѿﵽ׵ĵز
ߵ۾ΪڽȥʱƲʦн׵Ϊ
һʦн׵꣬ȴӵһ׵ʣֻͷЩˡ
ϣܽȥô
ǰһѧԱһ䡣
ŶŶԡ
߲Żع۾ȴǲʱĿŵŴȻ뿴Ƶֶܼá


136 
ʮӹȥˡ
ʱȥˡ
ѧԱ½룬ֲʱѧԱ߳ţǣƣȴһֱûг
һʱȥˡ
ʱſڵҲܵˣתͷƵʸӵƵ
ʱȥˡ
ûзӦҲЩվˣӣҪúõģ˵պֶһλڳ
ѵˣ
һһ⣬½߳ѧԱȥ
ţرյķֻʮǹرյģһ̽˹ȥȴûзʲô쳣üͷһ
û£
һ¶һĨȻ
ܼʱǿɲһнĵġ
һֲţ
΢΢һЦ˳ȥ

֮ʹһշſڣ˽ȥȻٽŷ
СʲôҲûУһշ˿Ʊȥʱһ󶶲
һ˲䴫ȫͬĿÿһ鼡⣬ϣҲЯһ֮ɫһϸСĵ绡ų⣬צҫԼצ
ʹ飡
ָֻоҲЩŤһһµĳ鶯ţȻĿǰʣǳܲǿȵĵ塣
طǸıء
ϣöӵĽָɢӨӨ֮⣬һϵӰ˳һָ֣һ绡ǳָ֮䡣
ٺ٣
Ȼ´һʹǷƵ˸˷ܡ
ʹڳ˵ȷԵǶڳܹ쾧ϴӵķ˵⣬ʲô
ǿȡ
ָϵĵ绡΢΢üͷӨڣֳһĨɫ૵԰ѵ쾧δͣ
ûСͣ
ƵɶţȴҲ¶Ĳ졣
ûӦûг͡
ϵ˵ͷɢȥָϵĵ绡һص˵쾧ɲôģԽϡе쾧ԽԳɾȻԣܲܳ쾧⻹˵
ܳͣ
ƱǼˣֱվƺϵʹҲоһ㡣
ʲô
Ϸ˷ۣĴС֣ǿƷ쾧Ƕ۶ɵĽᾧοԣ
⡭
Ʊ˵ƿԣҲɡ
ҾЩ֣ӦòԲǡ
ϵһ˫۾Ө˸ƺܶһУֱźӱһ𣬿оôܣ
ôˣʦ𣿡
ŲҡͷˣҲɻѡ
˵ļʶ˵ʧ̬

죬ϲǳĺ˿˿˷һۣΪпĵﲻ쾧ġ
պﵽ֮ʱ̽̽벻ĺô
˵꣬ƣǵֹһ䣬ԭô£ѹСӾȻ⡣
ɢӰһãվԭأȻ
˵ô֪࣬ǲ쾧ˣֻЩĴڶѣңҪ𼶱ȥ̽
𡭡
һǺεȵĴڣֻлʳǰĴڰɣ
ڣһʦѡ
һϮõһȥһһģһʹಢš
ʱ䣬ǹıȽϿ죬μˡ
ڷ۾ʱƺйԼġ
ˣ
Ҳ֪ѾʲôʱˣһԾű˳ȥ
ǳǼǸſڵǸվ
ˣ
Ŀоâ˸ŷЩ飬һ顣
ôˣ
һ㶣Ȼ

ɵģ߸޷ܣǳ˳飬໰˿лһ̾Ϣ
һʦн׵꣬Ȼ뵽˵Ĳ㣬Ҵʮһʱһֱţܲʵرǣŷµ顭
꣬⵽ʲôﰡ
ĺ˿ѹе𾪣֪ô

ͷ֪ѵʱƣ
ҡҡͷѾʮһʱˣ
ôˣ
һ㶣һĶͷˣһȼˡ
ţǼ
Ǹ
һҲûӦƺǺƽһߺݺݵĺ˼Σѹµ궯£
š
ͷҲżѡ
ȥɣǵ
л
ŷԶȥӰߺݺݵĺһΣ߳˺ĳȥ


137 
£ӵû̫Ļ˾ӵһģӵĿˡ
ͷѳգ֪ΪΣƽļ䣬̲סķһ˿ЩǳԽԽˮˣŲźϵķۺС죬Ůɢĵ㣬һԭʼĳ嶯ǣͷ­ǻĵȥ
𽥴սӣŮĺҲȻ伱˫ıϣһϣҲһ˵糺졣

һ㵵ӵŵŮͬһķֿһ˶վ
磿
תͷЩ㵵ĿɫЩϻƽʱһֱԼֳô˵һ档
˭
ϻһһٵ˳һ˫۾ŷƼҪð
ڽʱΪֻЦѣϾ˴Уڡ
ǺƸ硣
Ůɫһ죬ͷȥ
Ǻǡ
±ϣҲЩŭϻӣЦһһ֣ǵ§ŮüͷһƲƲ촽ζĵеϻǰɣ
ϼˣûʲôõӡһӰϻ
ߣ
˫۾ԣײһ
ϻһģǣӵӵԵļˣл֮ǰչˣԺͲ鷳ˣҵŮˣԼػ
ԵõŮһϵĽ߸ŨͬʱϻమˣȴԼ
ӵһμ棬һμ˫徻Ͼӣ϶ˣŮԼһҪػĶ
һ˫ȭͷսԼڵѪһŭ𣬱
㲻ӵ
ƵΪѾǴʦн׵ϻһ۾ܿˣǷŭһǻŭһĻ
˻ߵݶʱһ⻹ǸƽºͿ׵ô˵ʲôȴֹ
ߵĳ֣ʱ˵ע⣬һһΧ۵˾ԽԽ࣬ԼĿеŮߵһİ껳УһƬƬĴ
˭ƾʲôñ˵ⶳ
ôҲ벻ףΪѡһʦн׵꣬˸õѡ񣬱磬ϻ
ϻ˫ĿҲûԶԶվһϷ顣
Ŷ
һɨۣΧȺɫɨУǣ¶һаȵЦ⣬Цŵѵ䣿
˵ʵڵģϻʮѾǴʦнףѾǷǳ˲ˣҲ԰ʱңԪ˧ԣԣ
һ仰õϻɫͨ죬һ˫ĿŭɿһɵɫԪҲй
߲ӵ
ϻԲûɣǿסԼŭһɫУԷƳŨŨĲм
ߣ
ζһЦһüͷЦѵ˵ǿô
Ƶζǿӵеؼ似κδʦǿߣңҲ֪Ժ֮ڶĵֻ²ֹϻһǸĵ񣬾Ѿ˵һС
Ǹˣ
Ʋϲ鷳ЩĽֹս͸һھԵʵǰ棬Щ˲Ż
˻ϻһһ˫۾ҪðЩΧ۵ѧԱҲ¶ɫ
ƣ
䳰ȷϵĴȺдû˻Ϊʦн׵ķƻϻĶ֣ûʵӢ۵ĻǻḶĴ۵ģ
˵ǶԼʵǳˣ磬ǽһΣ
ԪŷڵɫӨ£õϻ̩̹һ㣬һ˫ھǻâΪˡ
磡
ļĽе֮䡣
֪Ʋʦн׶ѣϻǿһļ𣬼ôܲأ

ֱһһ֮£ͱˡ
ŮһμԴԼûᣬ෴ģķĺۡ
ʣĸŮϣԼǸӢۣ
ļݣȴ¶Ҹ
ԣÿɣһͺˡ
Ŀ֮£ƣŮ۵һ˫ھǳ硣
һͺˣ
Ҳ֪ĻģĻõĿɿڴҪ֪ϻʵԺѧԱǿǰĴڣ
Ϊ˭Ҳͷ
磬һз
֪νˣ
һʦн׵꣬Ȼ˿ԣܿӭ˸ĳ֮


138 
֪ԼѾˣֻĹԹ˵һԣһ˫ˮֻӰӡ
ľٶõϻ飬ЩΧ۵ѧԱҲǶԷҧгݣϣ䵱ϻϵ
һûӵļһõġ
ԶһϮµĽվߵĶ̬Ǵһ˿ζ
ϴҹ䣬ƶսУǾйŹ֣ǲʹϻǰҲֻҪ̽һ̽Ƶĵ׶ѡ
ߣ
߿ϻһԪӿһ壬â˸˸ȭͷֱٷš
ȭ
Ҳޱھζؾӿȭ⣬һ㣬ĳ֣Żâȥ
飡
ȭͷصײһ𣬾ſĵϵҲεһ㡣
˵˿ȥ岽ʤ
ôܣ
ĽΧ۵Ⱥ֮оһʦн׾Ȼס˴ʦн׵һȭǿǲ顣
˼
Ȼô˵ţǽȴûһ˿Ц⣬ȻԸȴԼϻĶ֣ǣƣȴϻ˸¡
ǳϷڵӰ۾ھâ˸
飡飡飡
ȭ˲Ƿֿ˦˦ѾǽľȭͷҲһľ
似ͬһλģôͰˣ
ȭȻ߽׵似һ㱬ɲһЩѰĵؼ似
ңϻԣǿǷǹ
ϻһʦнԼ൱ܽʵңڷƵľУоһ쳣ɭİϮɭӰıԣ
ŷ˫˸Ԫþò
ʵӡ֤£ʱѾû˳֮ܽԺģһǸг
Ҳǣʦн׽ԺûһӣҲ˵ȥ
ԣǾֻһֿܣ˸߽׵似
似ǾԿɣ
۴Ԫ˧ϻȻҲȱ߽׵似һۺԪȭͷٵľ£
ȭ
Ԫ˧ֺϷ߽似ҲйԵһ

Ϣ˿ȻϢһͬ绮˼䣬һɼ۵Ʊŷ
ն
âͬļ٣˲ͱǿصնϻǸȭͷϡ

âУֱӻŨĻâϻ㵵Ŀ£صĻնֻȭͷϣʱѪɽҲ类ͷײһ㣬ֱ׷׿⣬¸ĽӡŶסΣһ˫۾ڣ𾪣ǶԼһ΢Ц꣬Уһ
˻
ϻǸѪܵȭͷܶһһ˫˫۾ٿǵӰ֮ʱзѡ
⣬Ĺ
ԽһԷݳƵϻ
ڸʲô
һ䣬ͻأ˶һԶĽƲƲ죬ʧںڰ֮С
ǵԶȥӰƵһĻȣһʼͿ˽ڣһҹ͵ϮԼˣɲʲôøС
ңָоϻ֮ԻᵽӦҲΪԭ
ԭҪֵϻһ˾˵һ㣬ȥŭ˷һۣ䲻ʵɢȥϵԪ
ϻ𣿡
Ӱ֮ѧԱǷ׷ÿ˽ϻ΢΢һ㵣ٿƤõȭͷһ
㣿
һתͷǿ˶Լ΢Цķơ
ӰʦϻѧԱдѣûΥԺɣʦ̫Сˣ
ȥһĿУ˵ţõΧ۵ѧԱиһ
ӰһϡеıԣΪͷ۵飬˵һЩĽ߰ĽѧԱûٳĿ
ңΪݣѧԺڣǳϣԺҲδ˵ػʱڹȻȨô
ĻϻǴȴӰ˻ȥ
ƺһĵܵܣʾҲΣٿǶԼƵ꣬һУ˵սô
ȫѾϻˣǷƶԼʾˡ
ʦ
ǵĳȴ÷Ƶ
ǣ
ЦЦƲƲǣ˵ţӰʦǷ̫ļˣǵսһºѵʦô


139 
ȫΪƵһ仰˲Ͱһ˫˫۾ȫǾ㵵Ŀʮꡣ
ͷϻҲһ̧ͷŷƾһ㡣
Ȼ겻򵥣ƾԼҲ޷ղһУǣƾʦн׵ΪҪȥսѾӰô
·
󼶱Ԫʣһϵģ似ٸ߽ףûӦܵԪҲӲ似ȫǾԵģ
÷ƽ˳ӰüͷҲһ壬ǵ¼ûн·ϣڣһ֮ΣҲЩŭߵҽս
ܺãһºӰʦҾڴ˵ص㣬ϣʱɱ²
ΧЩѧԱɫУٿӰǺڳɫǣƵζŨ
鵽ĺôȫһ°ͻʦʦ磡ֻҪ˴ʦ磬նܶٴαǸʱ򣬾ѾӰҲһս
Ƹ硣
Ļһϵļ棬žһЩֻǲȷѣڷȴ˳ô֮ͱضһ˶
ȻƻϻǣӰʵû˱ˣϻķܲסһ
ƣȴóȫϻķǿԡ
û£
תϹ΢Цο˺ˣǻȥɡ
ĸ˸ŮЩҵķ˿ӵŮļ򣬱ǳԺȥ˺ЩĿ⡣
Χ۵ѧԱһɢȥֻϼûվԭء
㣡
ϻĻһ
߰ɡ
ֻһۣӰǳԼԺȥ

Ƹ硣
͵Ժſڣ˲ͣ
ꡭ
һĸ˸ŮĽ۵ͷ˹ȥŮĶͷϣӡһǣЦǵã㻹Ƿһǡ
š
Ůߵĵ˵ͷһϲ糺졣
ˣȥɡ
Ůļ򣬷ѵ
ֱŮķڣƹϨ𣬷ƲתȥһϻһأûлԼԺ䣬ǳźȥ
ԶԶĿµĺƵ۾ڣû쾧ȴǴԵǼ飬ңշ˵ӵʵܽȥ̽죬Ǿ˵϶Ǵڼֲ
ףôˣ
ķ˹ںſڼµ߱۾Ŀǰꡣ
š
ϴЦ⣬˵ͷҲΪʵСӷƣģ֪γƺ
Ǻǡ
ڷƵ̬ȣҲΪãҲЦݣҼľϣ϶ԡ
ϡ
ƹĽһȴһ
жϣľϵʵӦҲڼ𣬵ȴеҲ˵ǰ滹λϣңпܻĳϣ峤ϡ
ԿóѧԺ治ֹǱλԺǰļ򵥡
СӣܲҼľ⿴ʮ꣬ţֲҲûһģ
ľҲǺΪпȻڷưı֣ǲ
һʦ꣬ȴӵһ鼶ʣһ޷飬ȴʵĳǰ
ǣϣҪӵУǾͱ븶ʵ⣬ľĵ굽׾εȵĶ֮ʹӵʣΪעĵط
ٺ٣
ͷܣֻ֪쾧ĺôǿɲһ㡣
ˣϣΪλжĹЧ
ʵ

ľϵһ࣬ǺģҲǸеΪѣѧԺ߻ܣǲй¶ġ
Ŷ
Ӧһһɫ

ľüͷǼ˼һһһȦȷûˣΪԵԵʡ
ԷƵ츳һҲΪѧԺĳϣʣҲ
ԣ
ƹһæס͡
ԣǴ˵еԣ
ľһȻֻһ룬ǧ˵ȥȻд鷳ģУ𿿽
Ϊʲôܿ
һ
һѾ˼ʮλڼĳˡ
˵ľϵɫҲЩΪ˸ƣҲǽһԭ
ԭڵ꣬淢ʱﻹֻһֶѣɿڵ󣬱ǽһҲŵԷչ
ǣڵʲôλҲ֪ܵѧԺÿһλǿʱ򣬶ȥ̽飬ȫһǸδš


140 
еİƳ˿ȥڵ绡룬Ҳһһġ
ڳܾУԪһһĵӿţϣһɫĵ绡ƶԵϴ£ԪҲڻı仯š
ȥһӦþܽʦ߽ˣ
ڵԪۿɼٶţõķĻϲеԽ𾢣ƺԴʹȫоһ㡣
ʱţڽĵذϣһ绡öȻЩǣȴһֱһЦ⡣
ڶ峿һըԵϢԺˣΪϢƽԺľˣ𣬾þòƽ
һʦнΪҹӵϻ֮Ƶģϻ
ϻΪԺ˾֪˵һʦнܣһӦǣܣ
ǣʱ֤˿Ҳһѡ֮һΪϢִ˳
һºǸҪսӰ
ըըͷΣһʦҪսѾӰ⵽Դ󣿻Լ̣
ûлϻǾͺʣڣ˭Ҳ½ۡ
һлÿһº˶뿴꣬ʲôһĵطıΪ֮ġ
ڻ֪ϢֱӾͽеĲˮ˳ȥһȴ㵵ĿǰФɭ
˵ʲôǰСһϻ
ž֪ʱƽ
ԣѾӰѾͷȷˣңʱǸСһŻҪһºսӰѾͷ
ı֣Фɭûе⣬Լ֪ʱҲȻòȥ
⡭
Բ۾ͼźϣû˵
мԺܻ֪ԣԺǵðɣ
ФɭԹԵ˸λ£Ųͷ˵
ԣǸԣ
һ㶣Щɻʵ
ûǸԡ
Фɭ˵ͷΪпĵǸСӵһѧԺʱСӾͽԷˣ
˵ţҲ΢ĳ˳顣
꣬ŽʱͽԺԺֵĸ췭ظҪ˵⻹治һĳġ
ʲôԷˣ
վ
᰿ǶйģңԵ츳ҲҲΪ֮صһѧԱ
ǣһȻФɭһ㶣Щ𱸵ʵ˵Фô˵ô᰽
Ǻǣ£ͽˡ
΢΢Ʒһ裬Фɭ΢Ц˵Ϊпĵᣬұˣ
ҲҳȷϹȥһˣȻͱĽˣٶȿľˣԣǺɵĿŻ
Сѵǻҵ˽ӣ
ţĿüĹŹ֣ҺΪǵĵͷ
ͣƺҲûиõĽˡ
⡭
İҵ³һͷФɭǹĿ⣬Ҳ붼ĳֿܣФȥһѧԺͽˡ
ȥȥɡ
Ļ뿪ФɭĿǷڲ輸ϵһСҶǹƷ
пһҲûһɨ輸ϵĲҶǲټɨһ˳ȥ

̻Ի͵ڣһ鷿΢üͷһӣ۾
Ӱħ̵ʲô
ӣʹ̫ѨüҲˡ֡
ϣ
󲽵˽
壡
һ㶣Ҳվ뵽һ£ϵǳҲǲһЦ⣬ʵַʲôѧԱ
ÿΣⲻ£ҫȻҪҶ
ѧԱһ
Ʒ˿ڲ裬һŹֵĿɨһʵϣǷʶһзƵѧԱ
ƣ
һ㶣֣ȷǵһţɻĿ
Ƿ˰ԵǸСӣ
һۣڸԼװģ
˰ԣ
һ¾Ǹʦ
ʱ첢ûᵽƵ֣ҲҪȥȻûȥ飬ڻ֪˷Ƶ֡
ʦ
һһ㶵ģʵʲôʦ
壬㻹֪ɣ
ᰴҲô£ϾҵĴã˭ҲΪҲڻһԣһϲ˵壬ˣ
壿ĸ壿
һҲûӦϵļɫһʵ˵ܻˣ


141 ֵ
ûˡ
һЦ⣬ڻǼĪ£ĵ˵ͷ
ৣ
ʱסˣֱվ㳯ȥ
壬黹û˵أ
׷ʣѾܵûټֻЦһ˸ǳȥ૵డʲôϣ취ǡ
ԹԣǼ¿ӡ
飡
ֱӱײģľмĽȴűòһɫӰһ롣
˭
һӰסĸǰ
ϵݣȴǲˣһ˫ǵҲâ˸˸ﻹǸΣձܼңһǿߣ
ϹţҶʶˣ
ϵۣһЦĿ

΢ͷ­ȥƣҲ˲
Ϲţȥɡ
İ˰֣ǸŻŵ󣬳ŴȥϣǼ
ˣ˭ˣ
ҲǴϲ⣬ĶüĵĻ컽һ
˭ˣ
ֱۣһ̧ͷǼһϤӣ磡
৵һ¾վǼĻš
죬ҲҴкǲǲﰡ
첽ǰһصڻļϣȻ𱸵ɫȴ𱸵ζ
ٺ٣
ҲֵͣһЦӵһ𣬼棬ҲǵȻһЦȻ˳ȥ
죬ֵܲŷֿ
죬Ķ
뵽Ļǻδ֮ʱüͷһǡ
ٺ٣ˡ
ٺһЦһڣ磬
ˣ
һ㶣õĻһ͡
˵ʲôǸڵȶ
һȥĻסˣһ˫۾ɵԲ
ţ
˵ͷˣЩǵĵ磬Ȼ֪ˣǣϣȥһ˳Ȼá
˼ƣ
Ϊһ˾Ȼ涼뵽
һ߽ףؼҩʦ꣬Ҫ̶ΪѧԺԺˡ

ԲвŻ£
ԣΨһ£˫ϵģǾֻи·ˡ
û
΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ˣ
۾һУѹֿϿҪˣӦ֪ʲô
ˣ׵쳣ٶҲ˽ͣһгǰʱһˬ
ףҩʦ᳤
һüͷΪϴҩʦǼ±ڣԣҲûõʲô
˭
ЩǣϾҩʦݰǾҪ߳ߣʵܲòô
磬㲻õģٺ٣㱣֤Ͽģ
ֺǺǵһЦİ˰֣һҪΪǿߵľģõĻҲΪ֮пΪȥ쾧ͳֵ˵֮ᶨ
ߣ
΢΢һ㶣ҲǻȻĵ˵㣬ҲǣϰţһרҩǾ̫˷ˡ
Ŷ
ۣ۾ѵѧԺֳʲôˣ
ǣŽԺ죬ԺԺǱڵ췭ظ͸أҹϻһŻһºҪսӰѾͷ
˵䣬ԼҲǸп֡
һʮĵ꣬һѾǺܲˡ
ϻӰ
üͷʵ磬ûô
ˣصˣͬʱҪҲǷǳ۵ĸԣҲǷǳ˵ѹˣ컹Щ޷š
ˣûа
һ㶣ҡҡͷĻһǵģҲȰο죬ֻС֮սѣûʲô
ս£ԺԺÿ춼֪ҪûսĶأսһ£ԣѧԺڣѧԱ֮Ļսĺɡ
磬м㲻֪ϼҵĳӦźìܣޡ
һЦҡҡͷÿϼҵʱ飬õôܲأ
ʲô£
ԣҲüͷ壬ҡףⲻܵģϼӣۿųģûȥôܡԣӰѾͷȥһˣҴһСŮޣѵ򣿡
СŮޣ
һ׷ʵ磬СŮ޿ǵģ


142 ʼ
ǣǣ
΢΢һ˼ǵ˵ͷ
ˣ
ɫ䣬ȻӰѾͷ£
˿ͲûˣͬһǣӰȥҸǴһˣôڼ϶˵ʲô
ѵҲǵģ
Ҳһ顣
š
˵ͷüͷӴ󣬡ѾͷʱôµģѵΪ˼ƲˣҪȥѾͷȥ
ȵȡ
ס죬ҿ»ԼɣҲʲô˵£һͽˣֻҪַͳɡ
磬㲻ֻҪһϼңͿƲסԼޣֱ¶˳ɼһĳͻѡ
ҡͷңҲжˣһӦҲǱӰħЩӸģΪַˣۣûˣ
˵䣬ʮֵıݣڣҲỨ
ʲôжˣʲôʱ£
۾ԵҲ𾪡
Ϊս£ԣ£ûдȥ
תͷȥ˻ȥתͷ͵
¾鷳ˡ
վǶȥһ˫üͷҲһţ᰹ʧȥۣȻĲȡ
ǿգ
Цţҡҡͷգҩʦãǿ磬˵˱ԭ֮˰ɣ
š
˵ͷʱ˶ȥˣԺҲɳĳǰȥȴ˵һλߣǿ쾧ȥ
һƱλڣһͷ۷ıԳ⣬һҲǰ첻
Ǻǡ
Цһ磬ĳϿеλߣ
ʲô
ԣ͵һһ˫ھǾ
ʱˣҾһ
񣬻Ϊ£ò˵ˡ
ôܣ
޷ţƵʵǿУװ׵ľʦнףȻһʧѵ˴˵еؼ
š
ֱ£صĵ˵ͷ
˻
õ˿϶Ļش𣬶ʱ͵һ
Ǹ겻ֹǹһǳ
ؼƾҩʦݣôһ˾׵Ļ᰹
ǣȥǱ쾧ʣҷǳȷ
½ϵĳʶûԵʣǾͲκԵ쾧ΪٸߣҲû˿ɹĿԣǿУΨһĳ·ǾǱ壡
ѾˣǸʱΪ
ÿЩ͸пѣ䣬ѾûʲôǷ첻ˡ
ÿһ£ǶΥƫƫΥ£УǾͳ˼ҳ㷹һ㡣
ʲôˣ
ô˵Ӷɳˡ
꣡
ţķ
пһ
⡭
һԼֵǿЦģΣǿнеѹȥΪ쾧
뵽ţǺݺݵĳ˼顣
⵽Ҫ쵽Ž
ûң쾧Ԫɫȴûκεı仯ǣԪȴӵűԵڡ
꣡
һ⻰ֱӾѿ
̫ˣ
ȻеĵԪν˲պ󣬲֪Ҫж档
ЩѾҪˣҪ볹׵Ľ£Ǳ뻹ôӰѾͷְԣұȥǸѾͷʲô¡
ҧҧ
ס
ֹڽ͵ȵһºɣȻӰ쵽սļС
⡭
ôһᣬҲȻԷƵľǿԣսг˱Ĳֻĳޡ
΢̾һһɣҲֻˡ
ˣ죬۲µģֻҪһϣǾͲܷڵܱʮǰǴҪõĶɣ
˹ȥĻļ򣬰ο
֪˵ֵܸ飬ͬɲһջû˿ԽԪ˧ֻѳ

ʱתţȻѧԱڴһºսû˸ҷɣ£Ǿ͵ñ
ʣ˭뱻᣿
գƿһϣҲףҲûԹԡ
꣡
һ׵ĵ绡ƶһ𶶲ͻأģһԪŷܵǽڣһ졣
ͻˡ
ƻ۾һĨͫտޣͻʦ߽ףҪʦˣ


143 
ʱ䣬μˣÿʱʱ䣬ƻںڶɹ
ԵģȻ׼ڽָڵħ⣬ǹĪܣֶֿΪأ
ǵϴ֮ʹ˵ʲôũҩ䣬ںָʮҲʲô⡣
ʦǸʹḶ́ÿ쿴ԪƲüͷ塣
Уĳ̶̫ˡ
ǻٶѾﲻҪЧˣңĿǰĽȥһº󣬸˴ʦ
ܽʦսԻܣҲ͵˵֮ȫ׷ѡ
ϱݺݵļ̤ʱ޾вٲȻѡ֮ΪģһԼϣ˲裡
ⲻһӰ½ϣûʵǾעᱻѹ
ǿ϶ģ
ңѾ䣬ƱȥѰң쾧Ȼֻ·һ
ûʵȥأֻ֮ڣһƷ쾧λڣ룬ָǺεȵķ

˿վĿһƬᶨ߳ȥŵȥ
ͣ
һ뵽ŵķΧһŰĵϮõķƾһĶҲǲϵĳ鴤š
Ȼʻûдﵽн׵ĵز
ܵⲻһʹƻȻҲԼĽλġ
˺ģţÿһҪĪʹȴûз
ũҩڣҲܵشҧŹǣһһǰţսԼļޡ
ҲֻвϵսԼļޣܸ󻡶ȵΪ
ˮëʪ͸εĺϣһɫĵ绡ڶ
£ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһëף̶ܵͬȵʴߣʼģˣҲøӵҡҡλΡ
꣡
΢һϸСܻʶ֮ʹȫ⣬ǵõһ̶ȵ
ƱǾ࣬Գ˳һһĳһշȥ

ߵһ䷿ǰھͱŷһ죬ʱϵʹͼࡣ
ʣʱͻˣ
΢΢һ㶣ϲ
Ȼ߷ջ߻ر
ǽũҩ֮ϣȻٸҲð롣
ƿţƱ˽ȥѸٵȥ
һʮ죡
ô
ٴεũҩʱȴûĸоٴδӣƲŷ֣ũҩϳö𵤣鵤Ѿǲټ
ǳ˳飬û˿ԥ첽ȥȥ
ɲǿЦģûбϣ̫ˡ
ˣ
Ż߳ķƣľ۾ЦţĳɼΪ㻹ܾôء

Ƴ˳ǣûд𻰣߳˿żľ˰֣Ժȥ
ôϣû˵ɣ
ķߺ󣬼ľһЦеĶԵǸָ
ݣ
ϣҲԺǼǴǸߣĿһ˿ʣ޺޵ҳһ侧ڼľС
ٺ١
һľ侧ŵ´ôʱٻ㶨Σ
ߣ
ŭһٵ˱˻ԣˡ
ԶȥıӰʱĿһ
ľһ֣Σ侧ҽô
Ŀ˸ŹĹâһףǺĵ
Ŷ
ԣľһ㶣ѰС϶ôͻȻúˣ
϶йŹ֣
˵˵
ֹóǰǿ侧දţõļһ󶶶
۰Ȼڿȥһ侧
ôҲ벻һ꣬Ȼд죬ֱ޷飬ȴǷˡ
ǸСӲҪսӰôҶӰӮҶô
һ⣬Ƶĵ
⡭
ľԥˣϾӰĲʵ̫ˣ棬Ҳаɣ
㲻ΪСܵôôûˣ
װǲмģб
ãľͶģ飬ˣ
ŸղŷѾǴӵ߳ģľҧҧӦ
ٺ٣ľ͵³ɡ
ºݻﳤȥһУҪȰºܷ
úõһϣӣѾǵҪȥŸʱˣǡãûҩҪȥ䣬Ȼڸû취õĴȥ
ϾܴȥǴ붼ҩĹ͡


144 
峿ԺУѧԱߺţһ飬ԾţһƬľ
νţ츳ȻҪڷܸռ˺ܴأһ츳ٺõˣڷܣ츳ҲֻǱķ˶ѡ
ƴԺ˳ҲĿ⡣
ڣԺУӰ£Ѿֵ˾֪ԣһһҲǱܹע
ûȥЩĿ⣬ŻƳȥ
⼸죬ҩʦĻ᳤ףÿ춼ŸУһǾһ죬ȻŷҵҲ⣬ҲǺкʦ
˵һ֮ڣѾȥһˣΪû֣ŷҵҲǺΪţҲԴ˺ް취ֻĬĬš
һģױǸϵŸѯһڵ֪ûг֣ҲǺΪʧ
û취ֻܵȰ˭֪ʲôʱһǾͲ֪²ˡ
һѧԺУۣǳ֣վſڵȴŷǿ첽ӭȥ
ʦˡ
źǳ۵ӣŷûһ˿Ĳš
Ǻǣŷǲ˼ʱ䡣
ҲЦ⣬˵
û£û¡
ŷ֣Ӳ࿪ʦ룡
ĪȴԸֵ꣬ĸм
һʹƱǿżҩϸƷרע˽ҲûӦ
ŷֹ˹ȥɨһۿеļҩ
»ҩƫУΪҩڡ
һõĿ۾һ̧ͷǿŷһЦĿ
лʦָ㣡
ΪվҪȴƷס
᳤ˡ
ҩߣҲǱص̬
䣬Ʊǻͷʵŷ֪ҩ׼ˣ
׼ˡ
ŷ񷹧
ŸѰϡ伶ҩҲʲô£˸߼۹ڰǰѾǾˡ
ܺá
Ƶ˵ͷϴЩͨҩǧ꣬һ
õģʦԵȡ
˵꣬ŷ˳ȥ
ʦ
꣬кһĨп
᳤̫ˣҷƼɡ
΢Ц˵
⡭
еֿҲԥ˸Ͳơ
ǺǣͶˡ
ҶĿˣҲӦøĸģͽҿϰɡ
ҲǶЦݣĵ
ŷ֮ʱڣѾ̸ʱЦԵ˶ʮֵϲ
Ŷˣ
Ҳվſ׹˹֣ϣҾȥһ£Ȼġ
û£ȥɡ
ЦŰ˰֡
ŷ񷣬ŸĺԺԺһУõļ侫һǴʦ֮ɽˮ׺ûһ˿Ĳס
һ·ŷԪүӵסΪϴεΣүҲָĲֻ࣬ǲûѣƹүҲǼΪӭȥ
ʦٺᣬϷʧԶӭˡ
ŷԪ֣һ˫۾ҲгһС죬ǰŷƵֱ۾ȥ
Ȼ֪ǳ˭˵飬ǣλ߽ҩʦܳǾʹԼкøС
㣬Ǿ㹻ˣ
Ǻǣˡ
ߵ飬ҲΨпЦΰɡ
ʦ
ŷǰݹһöָ
Ʊһ߳ҩһŷԪġ
ˣ
һҩȥƱǿʼΪŷԪΣԼ˰ʱջֱۡ

ŷԪ˿վ߶ŷ΢΢ǵĿ£ӿϲ
Ȼˡ
İڶֽţ˿оĲʹ
ʦȻ˰
ӶǼ֡
׼ĺó
ŷԪѵ
ǣ
ŷһóһöָơ
ǺǣŷĲˡ
ƴǵǰŷݣ⣬˰ɡ
ŷ
ŷӽһ㶣̫İˡ
Ǻǣʦȱƴǣ˵ò⣬ǾˣΣ
ŷԪʾ£ŷĽָٴε˹ȥ
⡭
һ٣ӹָһɨָڣʱҲ΢΢һ
öССĽָڣѻҩҲϡ伶ģҩм仹ʮӨ˸˸侧
ʦ⣿
ķϵ֮ɫŷԪ֪ˣһԵŷҲ˿
ЦȻ£λ߽ҩʦŹĻ̫ˣ


145 
Ǿ͹ˡ
ҩ侧ǷҪģֻһۣݻ񣬲İң
˵ҩʦҪԴҲŸĸʲô£˵ҲǶָ£ȫԿ
ңŸУҲǺ˷ƵĿζֶֺΪأ

½ָŷԪϲʱЦ
ҲʹԸŷҵĺ⣬£һλ߽׵ҩʦ˵ŷҵʱˣ
ΪǮ׬ֻһ
Դϲһͬ׿һŷ˸ͷ׳Ÿ
ȥǸŷ˭Ȼҡ
ѾԶȥıӰŷԪתͷһԵŷԸ
ȥ죡
ŷȻ֪ô£ǿ첽߽Ÿڡ
һ·ϣƲǼҩʦλεĳߡ
߹·ˣȨ󣬶ͣĶſ񣬳ƺʦߣһֱһӣʮ㣬ǰҲûʾʲôףһȻģ
󣬷Ҳ֡
ķƣһվڿԱ̸˵Ц·˸ǳԾѣ׵Ƣˣһ˵׽·˷׷׽Ƶģ
ԲͨȻһУۣȴûС
ϣʹ˸𡣡
ҩʦſڣƲ˹֡
ѵҪȥѧԺ
һüͷѾ뻪С˵ˣպҩʦˣ᳤㵱ĸΣ
˵꣬ҲڴĿŷơ

΢㶣һֿɫҲϣĺ⣬СˣֻǣСһѾǷˡ
ҩʦǴũҩϵҩⶼ֪Ҫȥˣûʵ̸ʲôλأ
ңһ֮УһֱͷõķƲаи
ϣ
һ㵵ĿŷƣüͷǼһѣĵĽ͵ãҩʦ֮ϣ
֪
ƿЦŵ˵ͷ֪ΪԼãԣս˹ȥֻһö鵤ѡ
˵꣬ڿһ㵵ע£ĳŷѧԺȥ
鵤
ڿ׶Уȫһըס
Ƶı֣Ծ͸߹ǲ鵤Ǿ˵ڵĽλʵĽλ
ؼ
һѾԶȥķƣ˿ת߽ҩʦ֮ڡ
ؼҩʦƱҪҩҩҩõ̸ףΪһҩʦӷƵǾ仰УҪġ

صԺƱһӰͬʵһƮȻӰǲо¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ƹ硣
ŮϴŻϲĸǰ
㰡ôʲô
΢ЦţһĽʺ޵Ŀ£ƣǵΪŮϵĺ
ΪٶŮɫһ죬ͷȥϸһĨҸЦ⡣
Ǻǡ
ЦһŮ޹ǵϸ徻ĵشȥһƬ
£
ּ䣬Ʊһùʵ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷɫɫҲ΢΢ȥϸƸ磬һҪսҵʦô

ԣϵЦҲǻĿâ˸һȻŮɫ΢Ѿ˵ġ
ΪʲôأƸ磬ΪʲôأʦҺܺðΪʲôҪأ
۾Ứ˳£

̾һ˹ȥ֣µۣЩ㲻֪εսע˵ģ
Ȼ΢ȴĳмᶨζ
ˣôûģ
ǿĳһ˿Ц⣬ŮǣҲһĴ㡣
ڣһҪﵽʦľ磡
ǡ
ŮͷǵĿ
ġ
ǵŮƺܿͳصĻ⣬ףѾͻƴʦˣ
š
ŮӦһ
˲𣡡
ֱĴָõŮֶһ糺졣
ǼǵãԼҪС£ŮȻѾͻƵ˴ʦɼ츳Ҳһ㡣
Ƹ磡
ŽţС𣬽תȥһˡ
Ǻǣ߰ɣȥ
ЦһŮļ򣬱ǳȥ
ʱ䲻࣬ɲ˻ӻˡ


146 ٵ
ʱ䣬һȥԺУÿѧԱĬĬĵţƺԭƽս¼ҲҪ˶ڴ٣һЩʦϣҲ׷׼֮ڣͬʱģǱȻġ
졭
졭
һ졭
ڣʱߵһ죬峿ԺƺҲ࣬û˴򶷵ҲûУʦѧԱǻΧ£ֻһҵĿյء
ոҫ۵Ĺâк£յһƬͨ
Ӱʦˣ
Ҳ֪˭һȺȻÿһһϮȹӰҡҷȵˣǿյء
飬ϸ٣һͷ˿ֱĴڱϣ䣬һɫ˿ϸ˳ʵҲǸɶõˡ
ЩеʦΪĵЩȣһЩ΢ŵ̿ˮĴ
ǣ֪֮еģ˵ΪԪ˧Ů츳ԣǸǳȻʱʼ֮ͬУһֱǿǸδܳԽģ
ԣǸԵԭϵı˪ʹδڹǾǧ֮飬õ˸ȥ֮ס
ৣৣৣ
΢ƿգϾ͸ּ߲ϵӰ
˻Ҳȫˡ
εսѾѧԺ߲ˡ
˾һյӰѧԱǸĿⶼǳŻȡ
շУǿߵҲÿ˵룡
ףСӻû
߿գɨɨȺ
ţȵȰɡ
ľ˵ͷüͷ΢
ٺ٣ľԼһҪǵð
Ȼϻǿ鱻ľȡ侧
ߣ˭˭Ӯһأ
ԣľһһۡ
ľ˵ʲôأ
ĸ϶⣬һ֣Ǵ˹һȤӡ
ٺ٣ľģ侧ӰѾͷʤ
ϺЦţǵ⡣
ɣľⲻ侧ô
һϲʵ
ʲôͣ
Źֵĵ˼ҼľСӰѾͷ
ô˵ľǳ˳飬ķƻûҲԽԽûס
ľ𣿡
ҲȤ
š
ľ˵ͷûӦһ
ȻǼҲˣ
ҶӰѾͷӮ侧
飡
Ҳ飡
Ҳ飡
Ϸ׷׼룬õļľˣҲƴǣʮ侧ʮļҵҲô࣬ҪˣǿǾͳ⵰ˡ
ôľ˵
ϲŻ⡣
ҽӣ
ľбų
ٺ٣Ͷ
ӽЦ̵ġ
ʱȥˣûг֣ȺҲʱĴһЩ֮ŷΪʲôû
˵СӲ˰ɣ
пܣ
Ҳǣһʦȥս飬ⱾһЦ
һȺһ飬š
ǡ
һۼıǷȺ֮һߵصʱŮҲһżվ̽š
ˣӦûɣ
Ҳ˵
Щ죬ǣõǸĽĽԣЩѧԱٶЩͬԷĽʺޣǰͲýӰһ
ȻǱʾɣҲû˶ȥ
һʱȥˣҲ˸߿գůϢؼ䡣
ôˣСôû
ʱ򣬼ľҲЩסˣһ˫۾ʱĳԶţǣÿС϶ǿտյûӰ
ٺ٣ľСӲҲӰѾͷʤɲͷ
ԣ
û
ϵĻʱ͵õ⼸λϵ֧֡
ߣ
һľͷȥ۲Ϊȴ˼ţѵûӦͻưɣ
ƵƴľǿУԣЩ˵ӳģֱӾˡ
һ£ʦнͻƵʦ⡭
ü
ֱΥ
ʱţڷƵĳٵϵǴٺһ˵һ䣬õֺһƬ
Ƹ磬ôû
ǵվһ˫Сֽקһģͷ˺ŽţԶԶȴһһεʧ
㳡ѾֳӰҲվﲻҡҲû˿ļ꣬Ϊ֪һģ
ӹţȷ
أͻƣ
꣡
һ׵ĵ绡ƶһ˵ġꡯǺڵŵС䣬΢΢Ķ˫ȴǽıպš


147 ͻɵĺ䶯
ڵķڣ绡Զƻ۾˿
Ӧò˰ɣ
һԪתһҧ֣ó侧
ĳˣ
ٴξ˰ʱ䣬̽ʦͻƱԵߣΪ˱֤ɹͻƣʵתɹҲѪ
侧ֵֵң
ɹڴһˣ

ĺ˿±۾
ܾһ侧˳ڣļ룬Ԫ˲ͬһĶ
Ҳޱϲ״̬˼ȫԪ֮ϣԪеļתԪĸˡ
Ԫĳϣһ绡Ҳ֣һжõķ淢չ
ˡ
һ죬Ԫϵ쾧ζһɨС
ֻһεĻζƾ;ϲķ֣Ԫʣ˰֮࣡
ôû뵽
Լһ䣬ڷĿ£һ侧󣬲ٹԪڣֱΪա
ˡ
侧ˣʱͻζԽӵ𾢣һǶǱ쾧ϴԪŴá
ѹֵʱʦ˵дã
ڵı仯ʱŻȻ
ʱڻţһɹǿϢŷ˳ģһЩĳ졣
߶ˣǾ޴ģŵ侧ҲڼٵţۿɼٶڱС
Ȼһա
ã
ưһ˲䣬ֶһ侧ûж֪϶ǷڰаԼҲûз񣬸ǼӴܾС
ˡ
ϵĵ侧Ҫ޵ʱڣڵԪеһ졣
ͻˣ
Ѿﵽٽķ侧̤˴ʦ

۾ͫױŷײڽǽϣ
ʦô
һֻԪ緢ŴʱԪǿȣ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ž
ݺݵģմһȭƿ˲쳹
Ȼÿһ𣬶ǲһǿȣ
ջֱۣ΢΢
һͻףһ󼶱£ˣ
ɪˣٲȥҪɢˣ
ϵӽָƮ˳
ɢ
һ㶣һ𣬵ͺһˣս
£ű㱻򿪣Ӱֱ峡ء

ʱ磬ո߹񷣬貵⣬ҫ˫ֱۣӡ
ôĻ
˰ɣ
ǲˣһʦŴ󻰶ѡ
䳰ȷ֮Ĵ쳹ĿŮˣǶûʲôøУץסʱҪݺݵá
ľⶼ˼侧ٺ٣
ٺ٣
һ϶ȺЦš
ߣǱ˵̫磡
ľһ޵ĺһȴĬĬš
һԼȫҵɾҪɵ˼ȥˡ
ΨһģӰȻ֪Ϊλȴûһ˿ĸı䡣
ڿʱһӰԶֳ
ͨУۣһƽѣݣأԻһĨЦ
һĿɨĴһѧԱȫǵ
Ĵʦˣ
ԭֻǸ²⣬һǰĿ֮£ֳģǾʦнףǾԵġ
ڣŵԪԾѾǴʦ
ţô쵽ģ
һ˫˫Ī۾ڣǳã޷һͻλһ
⡭ôܣ
վĳĽϻ϶һĴͣӣܿԷе𾪡

ķͻˣľеһɨգżλ͵ɫĴЦ
Σϣǵ׼侧лл
˵ţǵĳżϹ֣ģʮֵǷᡣ
ľ˵̫˰ɣߣ
һӰѾͷʵ˵һʦͬףѧԺڸĶ֣ҿСӾͻˣҲɣ
ûҿСҲӰѾͷĶ֡
Ϸ׷ױ̬ƺΪԼʿһ㡣
Ǿ͵ſɣ
ľһֱŷǸ漣ˣڼͻƣеĶʤĸǼӴࡣ
СӣͰɣ
УǹһЦ⡣


148 ֮Լ
ϣΪƵЩĳһݣɫ졣
Ƹ磡
һŮֱӾͳĻС
ôˣ
˫΢ӣˮͫ飬һۣʵ
һĻõ飬ŮıڻˣŮǴģﻹаɽӣ

ϻ̾һͷھȻ
һԵĽĿ۾΢УҲ֪ʲô
û
ҡҡͷĨĨˮɵվ
Ҳֻ̫˶ѣټǰЩѹ󣬲ڸղʧء
ǺǣˣԹҡ
֣Ůķ˿Ʊӣſյȥ
ϮӰϵҲھâ˸ƽûаӳ෴ϣѾ֮ƽ
ৣৣ
죬ФɭҲϡ
ԺԺ
λ϶ǹĺš
š
΢ĵ˵ͷſյԶˣüͷ£ɫǿơ
ϣ޴չڶˣȵ⣬к£ϣһۿɼ
ӰԼˣ
ߵƶΣƽּ򵥵Ļл³쳹ÿһ䡣
УһѧԱĿŸԲͬơ
һڣһˣͻأľͱڿڽ֪ķԭ򣬾ΪҪսӰ
Ȼÿÿʱˣ΢Щм뼥һʦȥսӰУԵòرΪƳּ֮ԵŨ࣬ȻļҲȻĳּʵʡ
ҫ۵ǣͬӵӰһıԣң츳Ӱ֮ϣһ崿õԺѧԱ֮ΪŮƽռ棬ʼնűŵȻľգκҪ֮һӴʧܶ飬٣Ҳͳͳԣֶһƺˡ
ƣ֪ðˣֱӾͻ˱˵ģȻǼܵĳЩЩεļʡ
Ϊּʣԣ̸䣬඼ܱᣬƺѷ˵һĲֵĲһ㡣
Ȼգһǰʦн׵꣬Դʦǰǳ׵ˣ
ӰȴȻǱƽݵ꣬ЩѧԱǣжԸȻ㵭Ȼ̬ƶӰѧԺҲࡣ
ƽĻӰĿ֮ͣϡ
仯ĺô
ֻ£Ǹӹ꣬ȻԻٶȳ˴ʦ⣬δġ
ʱ䣬ĥȥǣǰ꣬û˵Ҵǹɷâȡ֮ģ
ѾǸǿӹˣ
ӰĿ΢Щӣ꣬ԼôʮͽȻ츳õҲ΢мʡ
ǰ˵һ㣬һֻ㣬ڣ׼ô
һȣͦǱֱһŷ
˻õһã
˲ֻǵսžɳ
ŷٵģ뵽ǰСС꣬ѾλžݴӰô
ǺεȵʣԼõô
Ƹ硣
ʱ˵Ҵڵ쳣Ȼ֪֮ʲô£ǣڵҲܲµһЩ
Ǹʱӹţܵ˺εȵĴŻǿƵ
뵽⣬ŮļͻȻӿһɱˣˮӯ

ӰдǽģƱֳ츳ԼʵӵĪš
ͦεһѩŷƣȻ
˽ԣɢһɱϢ֮ŷ˷ո߹ңеѧԱȴǾЩ
ǿѾͷ
˶ԻõĻֱӾȷϼҵĳޣȻӰ𣬿ǴɱݣҲ֪첢û˵̫ⲻìܣǳޣ
һȥ۵ȶǼֱǲܵ顣
ФǼῴŵ㣬˶£ô
ӣֶФɭ뼸λϽš
ף
˽ǵͷ
յϣ˵ƶѾ۵˼£б쾧֮壬ϼƷӰ֮ƣҲ׬ˣãҲֳܷʤ
ְɣ
һ壬ԾȭͳӰ˹ȥ


149 ն
ķƾȻȶ֣˶΢΢һ
أ
ӰͬѩŮ𣬱ϢڿӿΧ¶Ҳ֮½࣬ԪЯž޴ܣݺݵķơ
飡
ֻһӴƱ㱻ȷ˳ȥ˺ʮף£Ҳ˼ĽӡһͣסΣӱ΢΢ķ£űһͷ͵Ļޣһ˫۾ֱֱǵ׵Ӱ
һйǿԣʦĲȷǺܴ
ȻҲֻǻ̽ѡ
ȭ
ƣǻƣھζܱؾȭ⣬ʱŷ
ڹ㳡˵Ŀ֮£͵һ棬һͷŭĻһ㣬һ·ΪӰֱϮӰȥ
ӰĿƽֱĲӰǹɲͬѰϢҲҵ˫һǱŷһɭƣҲں֮ڡ
Ʈѩƣ
űĳֱƵͷţ֫
ǣ
ͬһ㣬Ƶͺһȭͷ𣬳䡣
飡飡飡
ŷֻһ٣ٴӰ

ͻһ㣬ԾЯźХƿͷ䡣
˪ƣ
Ӱɫβһֻƣͬһ貣ֱӭȥ
飡
ȭͷײһ𣬾ŷ˷ϯȥѹ䣬ӰĽ´ҲΪ֮ѿ˫˵档
ߣ
һӰ˫һĨӨĺâֱ۱ŷ˳ȥ
أ
ɫ䣬α߸𣬰һѪô˳أʮͣ
˻ⶼûܣ
ȫһƬȻ˶ܿӰѾǳȫˣ似ҲӶʹ飬ҲҪԿǣǴʦ꣬ȴˡ
ѵ˵ؼ似
뵽ֿܣ˶һǸ΢΢Ϣŵ꣬޲Ǵ𺳵ɫ
似Ѿǲɶõˣڣؼ似˵ңɼĴڣ
Ƹ磡
վԶһ˫Сַؿںݺݵקɫৰ׵꣬ˮڣǽ뵣ǡ

ϣҲ΢΢ͷģǾͲѰ棬ĻƣǿУΪľǾʹ似ܷ
õģӦĳλǿߵĴУ
ɫȻһ˫۾â˸
λ̬죬ǱƵıŪĿɿڴľȴࡣ
ȻһΪ꣡
ڣЩڴ껹óʲô
һֻ˵棬һѺӶ̧ͷ΢ǵƵӰڣũҩϵ鵤Ҳ΢΢Ļζţ˱ǻָ
Ȼ似̫ˡ
Ʋ΢΢пĿǰ̨ģֻбȭ뾪նղţһ似壬Ҳڰ֮ܵҡ
Ǿ԰ɣ
ߣƵĿⶸȻһâͬӹ
أ
ƻڵ˰Ȧ̤£ըڽ֮ȫߡ
У
Զϻ΢ڴһĨ塣
ǹʵ̫ǿˣҷǳۣķҲ赲ʵɱеɱУ
ǽԡ
ҲΨһҵĵط˸ɱĸ߽似ϽԣƱܻҪ
һԵĽȴ۾һૣ似ҵС
һ˼룬۾΢΢
ƣۣȻڱϿϢǣЩȫŵѧԱУȴǷ֣һɼǿƣڷڳΣ
УƵۻĹĶƮ
飡
һŶڵϣը쳹ըƽǿķ֮ȻǻöӰȥ
ƳűķƣӰü΢壬Ǵʦϣ״βһԼļµһһɫӡӿЯűϢֱٷš
ǰϮƾ΢ţǵصбӿһƬͬѩӡδӽƣΪɢ
ն
Ϊǰǹɼ۵Ѿǵ˲òıԵˣҲûԥƶأθ߸ԾƾһֻƷľ£

ͬ绮ƣ̶ƿֱٶ£Ӱš


150 ת
նֻãǸһɭ磬ͬһɱһ㣬Ʈᣬûһ˿ĸ¶
һĻӡ˵ļ䣬Ҳ޷ǣ
⣡
ӰΨһյһ߽似
£ڱŷһɳʱΧԭ̵ĵϣҲһ裬һͷ㷢ƮҲĸѩŮһ㡣
ȵļʱȴ纮õΧ۵ѧԱһˣ˵۾һգգĿӴӰ

ͬ绮գ̶죬˺˿ռһ㣬ɭİâһһ㡣
ԽǽӽӰŷģһɭϢ絶ιϣõ÷Ƹоһʹǣ˿ûӰ쵽ٶȣƾص䡣
עˣ
˼ʹȫҲǽһȫҲǱõļϲȻ
⣡
εŮӣѩŮһָܱǧͫףһƬһֻӨ͸ƻű³һƬ˳ķơ
Ǵʦ꣬Ѿóȫ
ߣ
ѹصİûһ˿η֮ģۣЯ·ЩĿУݺݵĳҹȥ

£ݺݵնŰ֮ϡ
أ
߽Ӵ͵ը֮ͬƽĺ¾ʯĽ˷Щ̫ѧԱҲ˿ȥ
ɭͬУƣƵۣγӣѪͻѪˣѹѹķƻĹҲһ󡮿֨죬һɹɾʹڴ̼񾭡
˲ңѧԱһľҲֲҴʱ֣żĶͷҲ˺ˮĿĶųϵı仯ʱܳӪȡ
Ƹ磡
ķƵĲ״˫ĿˮƳݽҧ´ЩȴǿԼ
ն
գЩ񾭵ʹ˫ĿŭɣзƵĺʱϵи͵һǡ

ɫԽ룬ʹԽ󣬵ǣĿûη壬ֻһǰֻһͷǾҪնơ
ҪôʤҪô
ΪԼϣϣһսʤ
ɭһѰСиţ죬ѪʧƵߣҲЩģ
Ҳ䣬һ䣡
ڷ˻ţȴʧеĵնҲ
Ҫˣ
ģ۹ⶼǷǳĶƵı仯жǷУڼܵ꣬Ψ̾Ϣ
ǿҲ츳ǣϵĲʵ̫ˣӰһ㣬ѹˣ
ǲô
ϣľϲûΪҪʧȥʮ侧ۣǵǣó겻һ̣пܻᱻӰıֱӽ飡

㽩ֵľ棬õĻһ꣬Ҳŷһɺ嫵ƣЩ̲סˣ
ǵǷƣŻ˵ʵ飬ܱؼǰײϣҲΨ䣡
ԣƵԽǱңԽǵǷƻʹؼʱ򣬾ҲûаվȳӰ
Ƹ磡
Լķ۴ͬ滨꣬ˮģߣֻܿƵӰ׵ıŰû˽ȥ

ʱͷնƻڣɭŰһѪ⣬˻

һɹȵÿһð˳˿ڣڽ裬ڻԪΪ棬еľնһޱߵĹ⻪
䣡
ͻȻӾͬʯ£Ӱ֮Ҳ޷άΣصµأʱһ죬Ƭյ쳹ʯ䣬һѷ죬ҳӶ
ôܣ
ͻȻתľ棬˵鶼ɳۿŵӰ޷Լ۾
ʱƵƣѾ龳Ӱ
ԣӦûؼ
Ƶ˻ҲһҪ֮ʱȴȻķ֣Ƶƣͻѡ
ѵ˱ط
뵽ֿܣӲٴһ


151 
ͣ
޹ĳ˷Űĵ浴һĻۣǻڣһƱ
ѧԱľ˿ףλҲ׷£ŷԼƣסЩŰȻΧЩԺ϶ᱻݻ١
ͻȻ꣬һҲǾĪ
СӣȻǸ漣
ľһ䣬ĿһĨ⡣
ʱӰǱϣ״γ˻ңƾεʹҲ赲˷ƵĽȣָڻıпѾĸоǹľڿԼ
Ұܰɣ
˻𣬷еİйâ˼֣ݺݵѹȥ
䣡
ͬ䣬ͻ谭ֱֻӨ͸ϣѪէ֣һ̣ɢǹɰû˿ƣʱŰ
飡飡
죬ѪųӰֱӱ׷˳ȥ
ãɢȥǣԭƽĵϣǱҳĺۼ
˵״ԶѧԱǣɵĵһ
ƣͲ˵ѾûһõƤ⣬ȫԪ᳹նУûκηȫƾӲţǹɱʧأǽŰĺòңƾһվ£Ҳһ̲Ѫ
ӰͬҲȷƺòȥϵһѪۣصˣֻϡ
նܣȫնֻϣʱʹݻȫķֱֻһƬѪܣĴ䡣
ȻܴĲֹǰ򵥣ֱֻ۵ľҲȫشΪʧأôֱۿ϶ᱻֱն顣
ܾˣ
˾ѾĻʱ򣬷ƵȴǹֳһаȵĻȡ
ûаյ¡
ղţ˿ѾǱذܵ飬ʵֻһ֪ܣ
̫죬εĴҲܹ޸ңܳԪǣȴƿأֻÿεأŻг֡
˵ܵÿһγ֣漣ƺľܵˣ
ΪĴڣƸҶģ
ڣ˵أʵũҩϵ鵤Ѿӳһҩԣ޸Ĵˡ
УӰĿԷƵ֮ɨ֮ϵĵȻһΣȴڱεĴ㵸˹ȥ
ֻϣֱϣȫ£ÿһڣۿɼٶ޸ţѪֹס
ȻҲӵҩ䣡
һ΢ЩĿӰϵĵȻȥϡ
ҩ䣬ȻҲУһǻƼ߽ףⳡս͸ñȥˣڣƫƧСһǼӵܣȻҲӵҩ䣬ң޸ٶȣƺҩļȻԼ֮ϣ
ҩʦ
ݣѾɲˣ
ҩʦжôĳߣҲˣͬʱüҲΪѾһһĳ
ٶ˶һҲ֪û꣡
Ӱӵҩ䣬㣬ҲΪټһϼңӵһҩһҲ֣ǣʲôȽ׵ģ㣬˿ġ
ڽӽ֮ʱ͵һ棬׺ľֱӼӲʯӳ˼ѷ죬һԾһ۽Ӱȥ
ԪȻûָڣ
ӰȻһֱֻʱãǣȴѾ߽ף֮ҲǸ߳һȽ
ǣڷƿ걩ȭͷ£ǻұ֣֪ʵĽս
óģǾǽսħɽڣΪʣûħ޽ɱˣһ̣֣ۣ⣬ȣȵ֮ϵÿһλΪ˼Ϊֲɱۻ䣬û˿
ŷͬްҰĹӰȻңҲû˿ʾȻѱʵĳÿεĶײû·ĺۼ
ųϵս˽ԾԣһɫҲ
Ⲣֻһ򵥵սˣ˶ӷǼĴУó־Ρ
ҪӮҲҪӮ
ǣΪ߰Ӱôܻأ
ų˸ģӰΧԺѧԱɫ΢Щͣǰսǿ˷ƥˣƴشӰʱѾûٽƵһʦˣ
Ǿ绹ʣ
ܹѾ߽ʶײȴȻδְƨ룬Ҳ֪ǰǸ꣬Բһյʡ͵ĵƣ


152 ʤ
ϣڵӰ˵񾭣ѧԱǵʦϣǳĬ
Ȼƾ߽׵ʣӰɵĽ·ƵϮǣ̶ϣƾԶˡ
꣡
ϷһֱƴĴ򷢣˵ϵÿһؽڶֻҪǽǹ籩һ㣬ֹֹڣڽʮ֮ӰγٻƵصĺ˱ʱҰףһѪ̲ס˳
Ȼתͫһֻ꣬˫ӣĮĿ
ˣӰ
ƶǱȻ΢Щ˻ƣĿޣ˹¶ѪĥΪģܹĳһ죬ǵڴ֮ͥ޼ɵһֳŮӣƾʵĻܡ
΢΢£Ȼ䣬͵ıͬһͷһԼֺ飡
ףӰܹǾǿģЩ룬ԼΪӹŷ֮꣬䣬ӵ˻Լʵ⾿˭ӹţ뵽⣬̲סһĨԳ
ͣ
ӿľ˳ŷƵȭͷӿӰĺ䴫һ̺ʹ֮ƺߣһѪ˳ǻ£޵ɫӡź촽޶次
ɱЩȻĮٵӣȻ䣬һɾƷ˳ȥ
һ̣ž
Ŀͣǵ׷ɵӰϣЩԺӵܣĵʦϣǲŵɫ
ӰѧԺһΪɫ֮ˣӵϡеıʣʮһɹԪΪߣ֮䣬ʮ֮ʱͽʦ꣬ʮһٵϴʦ֮Уֽʮһ꣬ʮһǿߣ
ʮһ꣡ٶȣȻ˵ѧԺôɫ֮ˣǣҲŽǰ
ȻԺЩľηˣȴǰһλʮ壬ʦУңܵ˸ɴࡣ
ھ磬ϣˣ
ʮ꣬ʦ˲ûгֹǣԴʦǿߣ飬û˿
ȥĲ˵ӰͨôӵбԵʩչ߽׵似鼶𼸺ûеֵĴڣǣˣֻͨԪУ
ʣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣĺôԺǶǳԹûĺôǾֻͻһ磬ȻԪʣǣƣһˣʾȻ˲ʮӰ֮ϣģ
һֵ˼⣡
ʮӵ鼶ʵЩ֣һЩĵһĭĶһۣ˲䲼˾亹
£Ϊֹɣ
ѾûзӰüͷʵ쳹ȫ

һ־ǿԭӰֲΡΡվ׵ҲһʺĺۼȾϣ
Ŷ
΢΢һüͷɵҲǰԾǿĳ̶ȣӰڣ㱼䣬Ȼ˵Լ
ǸʱԼҲô
㣡
ʦ
ϻ˶ǳ˳ϣ֮䣬ü
ÿһûܣ
ĨȥѪӰ䣬⻰Уĳľġ
ˣ
·ЩĵӰٴοˣҲ£ӰԱߣһ˫ڣâֱ˫ǿӡ
Ѿˣ
ĳĮ˵
һûܣ
ˣӰ״̳ˮɣ̱ڵأɿݵĵ棬ˮδʪ

̾һתӣипӮˡ
£üͷһ˹˹֣ĵлԺ
Ǻǣ
ǿЦЦü΢壬˵ƣȻѾˣôϣܷ¶ӰѾͷĳޣϾĵʦ˵ǲǣ

üͷһڴŮ΢΢˵ͷԺԣպֻҪң¾͹ȥˡ
ɱӰʵҲڣˣ͵˵ԼԣѾ㹻ˣңӰҲôɱģ
á
⻰΢΢˿תϻվӰüͷӰͺһָˣסһˣ
˵꣬һ۷Եڿն˲䣬ټ


153 ̻

ȴģǼľЦ
ΪʲôԵļλɫĳϾˣԭǿ׬Ķľ֣Ȼĳ漣Ǹԭʦ꣬ͻ˴ʦӰҲʹ˵ˡ
㣬Ƥ
ľ˵ĺܴõļԭҪӵĳɫˡ
֮ͥ£ƤˣǻԺôǻſô
޺޵Ķ侧һȻȥ¼ľֺǺǵ侧
ѧԱҲȥֻзվһЦݣľŷ˹ȥ
ϣ
СΪĽе

ſڣľһĴЦķƵļ򣬸Ҿ֪СǸ漣
ٺ٣
ֱӿ佱ĸ⣬ֻܺЦΡ
֣ľó龧Ө͸侧ݵƸǰŰɡ
ϣǡ
侧Ƿȱٵģٶ࣬Ҳ٣ֻԵ޹ʵģȴǲ˼ա
ⶼСӵĹͣӦһ롣
ľЦһ侧ڷУǲȻĿ£͵Ǽ֪ǳϼһû٣˭֪С
ԭ
ƵҲ¶һЩЦ⣬ЩͯȤĳǣһݺøУǾͶлϵˡ
˵գͽ侧
Ͷ
ľЦЦԶȥȺˣҪȥˣҲˡ
˵ţƼ˼ۣڴЦڿնȥ
Ǻǣ߰ɣ
Խ绨ŮЦһС֣ƫƧĵشȥ
ѽ̹
ɵ£ŲŲӣ۾
񾭵һ̣ˣͷϵѹɽڱݻˡ
һСᣬ˯˹ȥ˯УϡΪϴˡ
Ƹ硣
һԣ⻰ۿ΢죬ˮĿӣȥЩ۵ĸЩ΢ü⡣
ǰǸʱ򣬷ƲߣǸʱ˵ԭ򣬵Ůǳ˵һֱ
ԣδƵӹſ෴ģľãԼƸ磬һΪ˲Ĵǣȴû˵˷
񣬷ڰӹŵͷΣԤϵƻӰϢǵʱ򣬸ûĺ䶯
뵽⣬ŮĽεϣӿһ˵ķۺ죬˯е꣬ںڵ¶⡣

Ժ
һ黨ȹӰɫԲ԰ף˻ĸǰĽлš
ˣ
еĲ豭ָָԱߵӡ
Ѿȫûǰŵ˫ûκιʵ˫Ҳǰ̾ѡ
ӰǿųģСʵԶԶĳͬˣ츳Ҳһ֮ϣ˵һ·˳˳꣬δйۡ
ڣȴǰһʮ壬ҲǴʦУİǣȻǽܲˡ
ΪԼܵԩ
ѹе֣һüͷʵ
İܵԩô
Ӱ΢Щãɫ£ٴʵ
ڳߵ׷ʣӰ΢ҡҡͷиΪ
ϣ߹ϣҲ֮ϣȴˣǹɺݾǹײƴƣÿһΣ㶼հǰ˺󣬶ȴÿһεĳǱȫԣˣȱɱľ飬սϣѾˣ
Ȼ츳ܸߣҲܿ٣ǣվڵĻ䣬ûоκεķ紵ܵ˴ܣҲĳݺݵĲ㣬ΪѰҲᵱһ£ȥӡ
ǣھͲһˣ㣬Ӱ⿪ʼǰһĻĻǰطţƵĺݾͬްĹصļ䣬׵ľ˹
Ժ
˵ͷٴ̧ͷʱֳַɡ
ԣ츳õĻԵͷţ۵Ůүүսϣǿɱ˲գ۵˧Ůɱ˵ҲûУǲǰܻүүô
ţлԺүү̻塣
Ӱվľһ
ˣ£һһҪ̸̸
뵽˺£ɫҲȥ
صɫӰ΢΢üͷȥ
үүжˣ
ԥ˳
š
뵽Ӱ˫ˮһǰ¶顣
һܾүүֻǲ֪ԸԸȥˡ
һϵ˵


154 
˭
ʱµӰ৵һվһΪֳһ˿̬糺죬ЩٵĿŻ
֪ˣ
ûĺǳһ䡣
Ժүү˭
Ӱˣֻûȥ
ֻۣϼҵľ֧
ȷȥ룿۸ʲôۣ
΢۾
ϼҵԹ𣬶ǳӰϣȻ˵ǺޣǣҪȥۣҲܡ
һˣܴȵĳ̶ȣԣҪΣǾֻӰУֻķ˳Թпܳ֡
ǣʲôҲԸ⣡
ӰǺԥľѿڶȴһصĿԼͷ΢һӰֱӾͳԺһʵԺүүǸǡ
ƣ
ע£Ŀ³
Ȼ
֣Ӱһֱȥ˫񣬿ૡ
ڴ֮ʱѾµһЩϿ϶бԼΪ߽׵ҩ䣬ϣǾҩ䣬ֻǣȴû뵽ƾȻ۵ȶ
ǣôܣ
ã̧ͷЩ㱵Ŀˡ
һС꣬ôӵ߽׵ҩ䣿ʵ޷š
ߣôܣ
һүү˰ɣ
үү
Ӱ΢΢һΪֱ֮ѵүүĶǷƽģôǸ˵ˣʵô
һ仰õ׵˹һҲͨԽ룬ϱ͸Ϊࡣ
벻Ǹ˵ˣȻԼ
ʱһԼˣҲǺΪŭڡı˫˳¡
Լô
ԣѾͷֻĶ
ӰģҲЩ̾ǣȴȷֻܽ
֪ˡ
Ӱ˵ͷϵվʱ˱ļΪľګľżһ㣬ڣҲûһ˿ɣԺүүӰˡ
Ѿͷ
ЩǵĲ̾ĿеǺ
Ҳ֪䣬ѾӰһξ޴ĴڣҪȥǸԭƲ𣬶ִˣʵЩ̣ǣȴҲû취еİ취ˡ

ӰҲ֪ԼôصеģΧһУ·Ҳʧȥ˹ʡ
ԺڣʣɫҲԼݣȻǱԼг˰ģЩҲȥ˼ȶʧȥѹƵȶںӲʣֻ͵ˡ
Ӱ
ӰĻһ
үү
Ӱ˹ǣǿĳ˳ǡ
š
۵˵ͷȴ˫޹ʵӣһ㶣ʵӰôˣ
ûС
Ӱҡҡͷǳһȿ޻ѿЦݣҲ΢΢
Ѿͷʲô£
Ҳץ˫֣һɱǴ˹ɫ˾ұ仯Ҳô£Ѿͷôشĸϼһɵģȥ
үү𼤶
һӵ۾ӣӰͼˣһֻӾȶķ
Ѿͷ˵£һûأҼˣ
үӵŭ쳹ǰҲļѾͷÿȥǰСȥ
үүû¡
Ӱżˣ
˵˵ôģ
һޣŮǱĽҲ˵ӰλãĿлϻ֮ϡ
ֻһѧԱսңҰ˶ѡ
˵⣬ӰɫܿȥΪ
һѧԱ
ۻĿԲŭȵѾͷҽҲҪҸİѧԱʲôЦĸѧԱĶ֣ҿǼϼһ۸ˣģүүһûϣСӻǴĹģ
үүǸѧԱʻܡ
ӰҲˣ˵ƢˣܵѧԺȥǷǵַ첻ɡ
үүǸԺѧԱ
ϻҲ߽ԺһŭүүһĽ㣬Ҳ΢Ȼ
Ӱ̫ˣǶ̫ǿ̫ˣ
⡭
һˣеŭҲȥȡ֮һȻ
ӰʵΣǺһѧԱܣһشȴЩܲˡ
ţôû˵
ɵĿˡ
үүǽˡ
˵ţϻҲͷ࣬ܣǱΪţȴǰһң˲ʮ꣡


155 
ˣ
۵Ҳ˳ɼε𾪡
ˣǾʹδʮ
һδʮˣܻӰʵ̫˼ˡ
ǵģһˣзơ
Ӱ˿ɫдžĹȥ
Ѿͷʲô
æסǣȴִ¡
үүӰһ󡣡
˵үүʲôӦˡ
ҲЩţǵһμŮ˵ǰţǣƺѾʧ
үүӰƵսӰϣүүɢȫÿһ֪Ӱ˷У
Ӱͷһһٵ˵ţӣҲ΢΢Ĳţ黬䣬ࡣ
ΪԼүүʲôˡ
ӰΪΰһսôΪҪͨȫ
ԣһ㶣׷ʡ
ϻȴЩʲôǸ֮Լڵĳ뵽΢
үүʹӦӰɣȻӰͳ𡣡
Ǻ֣
ŭ⣬۾Բ
϶ʹӦɡ
۵ŭҲǸ˹һԺӣǼڵصӰҲ̾һ
ϼһҼҵ˽£ٹܣ
Ȱο۷ǵûдӦ෴ǲȻŭһɫԪڱŷ˳ɨѿΧĻҲ١
϶
ǸɷڵģҲûкҸ㣬ⲻ˽£Ѿͷͷţ£үүˣ
Ȼ֪ӰôĿģȻʵĿľǲ֪ģȻƿϾȣҲһԸ⡣
ϼһң
ֱﶯһâǳŻ˹ȥʢŭ֮£Ҳû˿֡
أ
İâųֱӽϮĻâ飬ϯΧĲľԾ롣
λүүǱˣ
Ӱһæվ֮ʱȴһâԶһѪ˳
Ӱ
㣡
һһ٣첽˹ȥһĻ첻ٴһ̾ջƣ˹ȥ
Ӱû°ɣ
ۿףǴѪŮѪԪ˧ҲŲ
飡
үүӰû£ȿȡ
˵䣬ӰһԣѪȾȹץ˵ֱۣɴ󣬡үүʹӦӰɣȿȡ
Ӱ˵ˡ
ϵĿѪҲˣͷϻϽȥҩʦŸʲô
ǣ
ϻվǼٵ˳ȥ
һԿţҲû˵ֻǳӰ΢΢˵ͷ
үү
شٱɨУӰѾǿ֮ĩˣȫƾһŲűȥΪֻ֪ʱ۴ӦļʲŻߡ
ڵĨǿ۵ģ̾һѾͷүүӦˡ
Ȼ֪ΪӰһּΪǴʱҲΨдӦˡ
Ŀ϶ĻشӰһɣǻ赹˻С
ѾͷǺοأ
׵Բһ֣ĨȥǵѪھ֮ɫ
˵ɣ⾿ô£
תͷȥʱɫʵ
ɵҲµһЩֻǲŶѡ
ûб¡
ϼһҵƢģ
컹û˵㱻ϣһ˫۾ھɫǸˣӰô
ʻҲ
⣬ϣġ
⡭
صģ̾һ΢ĵ˵ͷǣ϶¾ԲģѾͷʵҲûʲô
Ҷˡ
۵˵ͷõȷϣƺ࣬һѽӰ𣬵£ȥɣһᵱʲôҲ֪
˵գǳȥ
ɪıӰҡҡͷǳȥ
һһϢպ󣬾ʹ᰹ڴССеĳС
ϼңӰ鼶𣬱ߣһʮ꣬ΪƵС
ʱȫ±ΪϢ˺Ȼ󲨣ڵ֪ʱ˵һӦ϶ǣܣ
ǣϢµϸȴûзҲ˵ϼĬˣ
ʮ꣬˱Ե飬˲һ׷ײƵǺηʥ
󲻾ãһϢǴ
ԣ
һʮͽӹţǰ裬±Ϊ췽ҹ̷ԣʱ䣬һͽһ·ʦӲʵ˵ԣ
ʱһǳ˵֮ڡ


156 
ǣһƫƧСǣǰǼΪƽ
Ϊ˰ٵļǧ˼룬ʱķңѾǵõ˼ķչ˵ǾǷ˵㣬ңҲԴһֱֳĬ
죬縮˾һãΪգǷҪսӰӣȻۿǸЩš
ϾǰӰѾǴʦ۷徳磬ƾıԣʱ飬ǿܵġ
Ȼǰ¶˲ͬһ츳ǣȴû˸˵Ӱ
ʱ䣬ڽŵйȥֱڶ죬һϢǴǣһʱ侪ǧؾˡ
ŷƣʮ֮ͻƴʦ磬ڷѧԱѧԱʦϣԺļ֤£ѾӰ˵µԣ

ڵ֪Ϣ󣬷糾ǳЦǴ縮쵴ϿգþòϢ
ģ
糾ۿҲ΢΢Щ죬һ˫ȭͷս
һԣϲϵĨᣬ¶ο
ԼĶгϢˣ˵ģȻǸĸˡ
ңλϣһۣ׷վŷ糾ľһֱ
ʲô
糾һ㶣ǰסң
磬ܿˣ񣬷ѾʵԼŵԣڣѾ޷ˡ
һֿп
ڣ糾ȻǼǷҴСС£ȴλϣҶλȴһֱԷѣʱա
⡭
糾һҲĽڣҲ̾һɡ
ĿȺҺɨ糾ɫҲһɨ
Ȼҿҷ糾ôҾͽˣ
л
ٴһ

һ󳩿Ц˽ŷһϲ⣬Ŵ˽Զ͹֣֣ϲϲ
Ǻǣֿˡ
糾ҲǻһЦ⣬ʾҵҲ׷£ԶǴϲ⡣
Ѿǰ;ڣγҲ
£˶ףǣֻѾݲ·ˣ
֣ӲŰʮʦͿϣҲ˰
£ŷп

Ȼô˵ţǷ糾ϵЦȴǸΪŨ۾Ҳгһϸ졣
־ͲǫˣҲŸܲҼȥҲҲǴӵĸ
˵䣬ŷҲʮֵֿϿҡ
ܲ´ܹеԼСǿ϶һԭ򣬶ŷ뵽˷ͷϡ
߽׵ҩʦֻ꣬˵Ӱ
ŶˣҾȹϲˡ
˵ţ糾Ҳǳ˹֣ǿһŷվ
ˣҾˣ֣ϣֵ
ʣҳ˷ôһλţפҲǳ¡
лּԣ
ߴߣ糾ϣģȻҲܽҷ󣬽ڷպķչ

˵ţһһԾŵĴ˴
¾ţ
糾ɫһ࣬ʵ
ֻһ㶣ܿͷӦ˹פĽãſ
ֻ֣Ҫһͬפˡ
⻰ŷڴЦ
ߣ
糾ҲԼŷһȺ˱ǺƺƵĳſȥ
ʱ縮ſҲǼΪ֣ǵĴСÿһƽ֪ˣǸӹүΪ
ΪϷԣʱȴΪʵõܲп
ڣ½פǣħϮǵľӣȫվڷ縮ſڣ˱֪ңҪˣ
һ糾վǰǸӵ龳Ľ׽ǰȥ

׽һȭĩʥ֪ͣ
뽲
ѹеļ糾ʵĵ
ˡ
׽óһƲ˿񣬱Ҳ˵ҳ˷ţԱֱӴͷҼΪϮ
ķֱң׷׾Ȼһ˫˫۾ҲĽͨ졣
ѾǽЩ׹ˡ
ϲˣҵλפġ
ڷҵĿɿڴ£׽ʥּݸ糾
л
ȻԤҪǷ糾Ҳû뵽һᱻֱӷһʱ䣬ҲǼ֡
һҲʼʰǧ˳ͦһ·ϣе֪Ƿ׷ֺãһʱ䣬ҵ᰹һʱ


157 Ӱ
ǴƫƧׯ԰ԲʮҲûУһƬħľۼأɭȻ
ৣ
һڵӰԶһΪҲдʦ
ϣ
Ӱׯ԰ǹһ⡣
ɡ
һɭǼ䷿Ʈ˳õĺӰ΢΢һƿţ˽ȥ
ʲô£
Ӹɿݣһ˫Ĺ¶źУڵһЩҩȳζ䣬ĺӰͷҲûֱ̧ӳʵ
ϣ洫һϢ
Ӱԥһҧ˵
Ŷ
̧ͷеĶҩʵǲ϶ҲϹ˳
ǵģ
Ӱ˵ͷ
ⲻϡ棬ԤϵˣһԪ˧ǲôģжҲûνˣã᰹ͽˣ
ɿƣһźָ⣬ǿף˽ȥһܵģ
ʲôô
ĺӰûȥ߲ĳʵ
ϣݿɿϢ᰹죬Ѿص
˵⣬ӰӣηĿǸ㵵ߡ
ΪǰʵֱӱϵĺʴΪĭڵϡ
϶жʮôû
۾Ĺ˸Ǻˡ
ǡǵģ˼Ԫ˧ҡѾûжļʵҲѾָˡ
Ӱ϶˵ţ˵ֱӹڵء
ⲻܣ
৵һ£߾վƣΧһȫΪ֮ʴ
ʥŮƵķ֮û˿ɽ⣬ؼ켶ҩʦҲ֮
ҡͷĿ״γֻңãƽϢе𾪡
϶ĶˣҲ˵۵ĶӦҲˣǹһʮ꣬ǣÿξۻᣬ᰷֧ǵ׵Ĵڣû˿ĽȣһﷹͰ
˵ߵһ˫۾ȼ˺ɫĻ棬һߣħһ㣬һ֣ץӰĲϳźӰӶȥ
һһ
һӰҵĴУǽⶾ֮˵Ϣ
Ŷ˵
⻰ֹͣǰ˫Ŀںʵ
˼һѧԱУ۵꣬νңܼҶǶ伸λ˼ҩʦ᳤һ˵Цԣ±㻳ɣǸⶾ֮˿Ǹꡣ
źӰ˵һѣҲϢ
Ȼһ꣬ǽ¡
˵Ŀʵ
ĿΣٴʵ
˵ʵа٣Ըʴģ
Ӱһ֣ġ
һꣿܽʥŮƶҩ
߻Щţ˵ʥŮ˵֮һҩʦܽ⣬ǵؼ켶ҩʦûӦĽⶾҩԣҲǣ涾ȴСһˣҪؽڣ϶Ҳûš
ϣ»һ׮ǸĴţֻȴõ֤ʵ
߲ţӰֻٴ˵
û֤ʵ
üͷһΣյĿźӰãŵ˵
ǣ
Ӱɿĵͷ˵ǰʱ䣬ŸеϸŷԪ˵ǲ֢֮ӦĶȴԣ±ǶɣΪŷԪβˣǸ꣬ȻԿ׵Ƣܶһȡ
֢֮
ⲡҲ΢һĨ־壬һ𣬲˵κ֢֮
û
Ӱصĵ˵ͷ
ôܣ֢֮ڴ½ϸ˿ΣΪ֢֮֮һĲ֢һΣԲܣ
ʹҡͷȻ޷š
ӰħʥŮƵĶҩƲֱ֢֮췽ҹ̷
ϣǸ᰹ͷʢݴԴʦʵϼѾӰңϼҲѾĬϡ
Ӱٴ˵
ӰǸԵӰ
һ㶣ʵ
ԣϡԣ֮ϣԣӰҲǱӵĹע
ûǸӰ
Ӱ˵ͷֽһԵ˵һ顣
ʮĴʦȻԴʦʵͻӰ
Լڷڶȥò֣ͣһ龧Ө͸侧䣬ܹ֮ࡣ
ĺܺãעǸƣһһ㱨ô
ף
ס侧Ӱ⣬˵ϵ侧Ƿɿ˳ȥ


158 ɱ
һɾ֮أ滨ʢʵϷ裬һŮڻժŻݡ
ŮΪʮң֬һ˫ˮںӣ·һ˿Ц⣬ž¶˵Ĺϣ͸¶˿˿ģ̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬Ļɡ
һǳɫ˿ʳȹڶճһ˴ԼߣǼǧģַһ
һ
ʥŮ
һһµŮֶŮԣĻ
ĻõŮеĶ΢΢һ٣ջֱĵ͸¶˿˿⣬Ķ³ʲô£
ǳ룬˵ҪʥŮ顣
Ů΢
ţǵš
˵꣬ŮַȥϸСĵĲժŻݡ
ǣ¸ˣ
ŮƺҲ֪ŮƢǹĻһڿնȥգ֮㲻ټӣΪɲһ㣡
һӴĹͬһͷԶŻ̾ڣͬ磬ЩԴЩǽϵ侧侧ʵݻҲ˵侧Ƕûطˡ
Ǵ֮ϣһŹӵΣ֮ϣ貣侧ӨĲ֮ϵǸͷ
ͷǣһ˫۾ͬţĿȴ˸ĺ⣬ǿټڳ¶˳侧Ĺҫ£ɭâ
ˣһħͷ
ڴڣվʮߣΪվǵĺϣؿλãӡһӽĻ档
ʱû˵ڼΪ
ãһȵӰԴ⣬Ĳ˽ֱߵ֮ǰ̨²ͣס˽Ųתֱվ
μʥŮ
ʮ߽Ծиߺ̬ǹ
ʲô£˵ɡ
ʴǵƫƫԵļΪ䣬õͬڱ֮һѾϰΪǣҲ΢΢һ
ʥŮ
һ˳ֺǺʳ洫Ϣ
ʳ
Ůü΢Ȼûһ㣬Щͣϵأһ䣬ʲôϢ
ʥŮƵķ֮Ϊ˽ˣ
߳˵
ţ
Ů΢΢һĶ˵¶һ˿ŵĲ죬ۺɫС΢΢ſôܣ
ʥŮѾз֮Ѿָ
˵䣬ߵҲֳһĨп֮ɫ
˻һʮ߱ǽͷӶÿ˵ɫǷǳ죬ҡͷеʮֵĲ˼顣
֮ÿʥŮĶҩȻ𲻸ߣȴƶҩ˵ҩʦļߵ;ģ㣬ڳˣңƾķ֮ǿңǿߡ
ǣܱ֮ϢһôƱػ⵽ЩǿߵĴʱʧǾͲһģ˵ĹǾͻһ
ʧʧģ
µ棿
ĵŮɫһ࣬ʵ
ͷ
ϵ
Ҫͷã
Ůһⶾģʲôˣ
˵һʮꡣ
˵⻰Ҳһ
ʮ꣬ȻϹҲ飬ֱ漣е漣޷һʮ꣬ΰ쵽ġ
ʲô
߻ǸŮһ͵ɫ
ʥŮͶоŵƳƶҩȻһʮˣ֮ͻУ
̫ˣ֧Ӧȫ
һ߳ɱڡ
ûҪ磬ȻЩһ֪ˣǾͲˡ
߽Ծͷ
Ǹ꣬ûУ
Ǹ߲˵Ůֱʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷ
ôµģһʳʮ껹ûܽѵҪɳȥô
Ů죬߾ŭ
ΪΣ
Ů΢Уʵ
ʥŮλǸɱá
һͦӣ߹˹֣
Ǹ֢֮
һ仰õĴ˲ͰΣǽԾʯ
֢֮½֢֮֮һңǺεȵǿߣһֲ꣬ļҲаɣһ֢֮죬ҲѶ
⡭
ǻع˵˭Ҳ˵ȥɱǸ꣬Ϊ֮Ҳеⲻ֢֮ԩģңľ֢˭ܿ϶˵ľ֢أ
˶ģӵȨ˸Ȼ


159 
ڰˣں㿴ңҿ㣬û˵
֮ܽβ֢֮õǺǾᣬɱҲǣɱҲǣֻһҩʦ֣ܶβ֢֮ģɱˣڵҩɾһͬˣǼֱǶԼ·
λϣʲôõעô
ĵŮ΢ü⣬³
ʥŮãȷǲɱ
һ˳˵
ɣҲġ
ɱ鱻ܸô
ŮĿɨȺߣǷ׷ǵͷȥֱ֮ӡ
⡭
Ҳҽӻ
ߣ
ŮһУҲһҪɱҺ֣һʮ֮꣬ġ
˶٣ֵҪȥϼ̣ôΪʥҲûʲôϣߣ
飬ҲΪ֮һ
ÿʥŮ˵ʵһҩǾܼǶҩҩϣǶܵƳ˵˾һãһŭԶɱǧ֮ǿ֡
ǣ
߲з飬ǵͷȥ
Ǹϸϸҡ
ʵģŮŭݣǸվ߻һ䡣
ǣ
һóһӣݸŮ
ƣ
Ů΢΢𣬿ʡ
㡭
Ʈ죬Ʈʡ

ԺУţڵķڣһӰڣһɫĵ绡ϲϵԶŵ绡ԶҲ΢΢Ķš
ˣ
űˣ۾
СӣǸС㣡
ľ⴫˽
Ŷ֪ˣлϣ
΢΢һ㶣һ䣬˿վ
һӣȭͷŴڱĴ죬һ΢СĻȣԣȻ
ʱ䣬ʾ͵õ˴󻡶ȵû뵽ģٶȣʵеϲ
Ӧþܴﵽ߽˰ɣôȥ
ƲЩѾѾҲһ˿ӨĿˮ
Сӣˣ
ϵ˳
ô
ȻĨĨǣʵ
壬ǰҲ˵ļǣľƾ⣬۷壿
ϴЩмĿǣʵ
ѵܣ
Щˡ
Сӣϸڵı仯漰ķΧЩ
˵гأ
ԣûԥĬĬı۾ϸĸоڵı仯
ͣ
һ˸ţţ⣬ƤǣķΧ֮ڡ
ˣˣ
Լ
ࣿ
һЩȻԭֻܴﵽǵĵزȴ࣬Ҳѹ֡
ʱ򣬷ȴˣΪѧԺڣкܶ࣬ȴûгһλԭֹֻ顣
ڣһͬľ磬ǿܹʵֵģ˵ھ磬Ҳ;УΪҪһ׶Σ
ϵΪء
ͬľ磿
ƶǶ
ûҲӦףߵԪֻǵԼ⣬ʦԽԪͬ࣬ڣԪÿһ࣬ڸ֮ھܶһԪУԣڼַΪС硣
ϸĽ͵Ǹ죬ڵڶླ磬ѾģΣУҿķ࣬ҲĲˣӦླҲԶˡ
УҲУ
ЩȻЩĿɿڴ
⣬δӴģϾ̫ңԶˡ
㲻֪Ļ࣬˵
ҲֱӾû
࣬巽Уأ裿ôһ磿ľͷôһڣ
ƾУ߳˷䡣
棬ǿһĳ֡
ǵƵһĵЦ⡣
ϡ
ſڣǳżľк
ȥȥɡ
ľİ˰֣Ϊĳգգۣõķһ죬첽ĳŮȥ
죬ߣ
һƵֱۣȥ
ôˣ
ŮһΪϲеģ̲סʵ
粮ˣ㻹֪ô
ֵС졣
粮ҵ
һ㵡
š
˵ͷЦĿһϲꡣ
ߣ
Ůֱۣ˱ǳУſڱȥ


160 Ů
פû˾òôһλţӷңǱȻģ˵ԷĿǰֳ츳ΪڣǾûġ
½縮λãõȨ֪ʵӷҡ
˶֪ԽǿĸۡǾΪӶεģһŵģɾҵĸۡλãʹڵڶ֮ϣɼ¶Ҫ£ˡ
פȻǼܹעһ£ȨǣȫǰأУǰ˹۱
Ƹϻʱ򣬱Ǳǰľ󻣵ɵˡ
ɽ˺ЯŶӣȴҵĽӼ糾վڷ縮ſڣһҲЦЩ
ϾҲ̫ܵˣԣӽϴſʼһֱЦڣûк͹ڣѾӲˡ
ôӰ
ֱſȥһŶӵģӾͲˡ
ˣҲû˷׷ͶԱĵĿ⡣
ǣĸģôôûʣ
治֪Ҵôģ
ΧҲ׷׳̬ǰ
һؼѵô
Щ¶һĨζЦ⡣
ؼҾͻؼ£ʲô
Ӹ뷢쭣ȴϵ˿ζҪĻֱסС۾ɵԲһŷǵͨ졣
Ǻǣ
ҡͷЦЦҲûỬС֣ڶ𺳵Ŀ£ſȥ
糾λϣվſڣԼ׵ģԷƵԣҲЩ
ף
ǰȥڶĿ£
ƺ糾ϵɫһͷ֮ϱǻһϲ
ƶ
ȫĿǼ˷Ƶϡ
꣬ƽ꣬漣
ʮ갡
˲пͬʱԷ糾ҲĽ۾ͨ졣
Ķӣǹͬϣô
ãð
ǰĶӣ糾ҲǼĪһ˫ڷỨ
ӹȻûԼʧһܵ飬ȫˣڣǰ˵ĻǸп֡
ڲͬ
Сӣ
ڸ֮ʣһˬЦǴȺ󷽴˹
ٲȻǻˣ
ϡ
΢΢һҲһЦݣڷ糾֪Ŀ½ܵףλ
£
糾һ㶣Ҫȥȴס
ֲҿҺͷСӿ֮
ŹҲǶЦݡ
˳ƺ糾΢ҲǴϲ
ݼ
ķ˵վŵȨʱ͹һء
Ȼ֪Ϊʧʮ꣬ˣȨߵġ
ˣɣǿͣǾͲ̫ˡ
תһͦһλߵƱ¶˳Ϊĺ
л
ЩȨվ󣬿ǽ̸ĲֺˣзַǴС̡
۵Ĺϵ˭֪ǣĿǰ£νϼɨأˣ෴ȵĲУУ϶ǲ֪ԭڵġ
λǡ
һ糾Ǽվ΢΢һ㶣ʵ
Ŷ
һĶͷС֣ף

糾һķϵҸɫȻ֣Ҳûʳ
粮á
Ů糺죬ͬҪŵϱһ㣬ҲΪϸС
СӲ
ԽͯŮ˹ȥصķƵļ
ٺ١
ƺЦŮҲ΢΢ࡣ
£ȥ˵
ſھۼȨԽԽ࣬糾ߵһϽһǴŻ߽˷縮
Ǻǣ߰ɡ
΢һЦŮ󣬱˽ȥ
縮ǼӴ󣬾סϼǧҲô˿⣬һ·ϣԭǰٵǿǼƸǼ֣Ƿ縮Ļһǿӵݣ˵ǷͣԷƵĸм֪
ڣҲȨۼ糾׷׶վк֪ݺ󣬸Ƿ׷ͬʱǽҿ˼֡
뵽Ǹλϣ˵ŻվһƬ˵ЦҲûͣ
΢΢һвãҲԿ˷ƵĴڣһʲԼŮϵЦݽ


161 Դ
ԶԶģŮĿײһбŷЩҩζŨ񣬷Ҳǽ֪롣
棬˶װûæԼ£ǹŹֵ˷һۣڷ糾Ĵ£λ
ƴʱҲǣҲǣΡ
ŮȻһЦ۽ƣ˷Ƶһֻ첲ҲĿŷƣ΢΢ֳһ˿糺죬ΪʾǿĺܽһУȥһƵĿ⡣
ǵĶʱõৰףҲˮ⣬Ƴҧ´ĴҧЩס
Ҳ֪ôȰźãҲǲĿŷơ
СӺܻͷ
ǲ¶һ˿Ц
ֻˣŻϲԼĶӾһģλ˾Ů뿴ϣѾõ֤ˡ
ķƴΣһҧԭΪһ̣ޱȵļᶨ
ৣ
ڶĿվӣ󲽵ĳŷȥ
ʱأȴǹЦݡ
Ƹ磡
ϣӿֳһȻЦݣ㵵Ŀ£ֱӾ˽˷ƵĻС
Żӣ˱ǶŮ㣬ҲһһɻȣȻһֱֻ۲Ůϸ
ܵƵı仯΢΢һɫҲǱͨ죬ֱĻС
Сӣ԰ʲô
һֱվǹһЦ⣬л

лƲžѣҲɫһ죬Ůһקһֻ첲ڶĽĿλ
˹ȥŮ˭Ҳ֣ƺɿ˾͵ڷ˷һ㣬õķ
ô

εģٴδЦҲЦ˳
Сӡ
糾ҲúЦһ
ŮģҲϾԼ

ĸ۶ӣվλŮֱۣߣһͬȥԺİɣ
š
λŮҲͨ죬ӦһǣԺ
СӰа绨Ĺ͸ƭˣ
Ʋ£ͳĴָ
ŮıҲѾΪԣ˵ѾǶԷˡ
ٺ٣
ͷٺһЦ
ƶɲܹǡ
ĽĿ⣬糾ҲһЦ⣬Էƽ
Ͳ˵ˣС׵ģȻҵӡôǣǰıҲǿУŮ޹ģҼѾԲȻҲдƣ෴ģ⡣
ΣţҪ޸ԼӹŵĶӣ
뵽⣬ǿ⡣
ѧԺԺѧԺԺФɭ
ſڴĺõһȻһ
ĵλ룬˵᰹һҲΪƹ˷ѧԺʱ˵ĻȻ᰻Ҫࡣ
糾վ

ڴЦУФɭ˽
ԺԺôˣ
ͷԼɲʶȻеңͬʱҲǾ첻ѡ
СżԺĲôУѵ˵ǵСǲӭô
ŹֱӾͽƵĻˡ
ûûУλԺ롣
糾æдš
λ̸ļˣڵȨǽǾȻҲ࣬ҵĵλĿиǡbb
ЦֻһѧԱҲţͬʱҲǳɻ
е׷ʲô£õ˵Ŀطأ
ŸŷԪŷ
ͨ᰹һŷҵλȨҲ˽
ҩʦ׻᳤˵
ȵλ˭ĵλȿ׸ߣԳƢʱȻҲΪҶõȨ𺳲ѡ
⵽Ϊʲô
Щ뵽
ѵҵŻһλҩʦ
ͬʱһԣһŷѧԺУ۵˵Ц̸٣Ȩǵĳҵķ
λϵһȨǷ֣ƺӰѾˣǸ
ϸԪ˧
ͨڱǰȥֻл죬ǲźۼ
֣ϵЦҲ΢УǼһһ˽
Ӱͬʱˣ


162 Ȩ
վſڴ˱ͣ˽Ų棬糾һ㶣ӭȥ
üһ㲣ɫҰףкɵӰٿһµۣҲǰȥ
գģ
һ࣬˱ֱϵ˵
Ԫ˧ǡ
ԵӰ糾ҲüŮӵԼɨأٲ˵ޣǾǼٻ
ǣһԪ˧վǰʱ򣬵һۣ֪߾ԲǸˡ
һ¹䣬֮ȴû̵Լĺˣ
˵ţ۵ҲЩзỨգΪԼŮµԭµģ
˵գүҪƸæס
Ԫ˧ʹð
һ·ϣǸ׽Ҳ糾˵һУԪ˧Ҳì֡
ʱ򣬻Ҳ˹
ۣʲôѾͷ˴ϸ͵ˡ
ǰȥôڣһ֤ϼҵСìܣʹ˽ᣬԺ󣬴һ
ѾͷϽϸ
ߴһ
ǰԼΪ˵꣬Ӱ΢ᣬǣΪԼүүʲôԸ⣬ͷίǰһ
ԡԲ𡣡
ǰ˸߰ͷ­ۿˮ档
˾棬ڵȨȻ
ʲôҪϼҲҪͷ
ͬʱңƣжǱ
ʾã׸ʾãҩʦ᳤ҲʾãԪ˧ȻҲΪ֮ͷ⾿Ҫεĵ
ҵǱЩȨӰͷϴһǣб
⡭
εľ棬糾Ҳ֪Ǻƣһ꣬Ҳû
ȫû˵ȫĿⶼǼǸϡ
Ӱֻңҿԭ㡣
棬ƵɫδתΪ䣬Ŀ˸˸ֱ֮ͫĨǿƸ֪ǰŮӴʲô⡣
ǣȴҵĸףõҵļǴӴ̧ͷĵ·Ϊһԭô
䣬ĲȨǲŷ֣ԭƳۣЦ꣬Ȼɱһ棬£ûٸҡ
꣬һˣ
ӣԪ˧ӣҲԿóǺĻ̡
棬Ϊһ仰ҲóȰףʱǿڣǾеƵζˣֻ𵽷Чѡ
ĻӰ΢΢һ۲Ŀ
δԼʱΪճʲôĺʱΪĸԼֻ÷ƶõͷѡ
ĿУΪһӹţǲõģԼ֮ͬڣûܳԣδ˭ģΪֻбԼǿˣʸ׷Լ
ԣȻȻģͽԼͷͷϡ
ԼĴô
˫ɷӣӰⶶ
ԭԼΪԼүүίԼڣĻԼ飬ǲ˺塣
ҡ
ſڣȴ֪˵ʲôãһһϣû˵
Ƹ磡
ŲӺ˳˷Ƶԣקֱۡ
㡭
ŮˮüͷϵıҲڻ
Ƹ磬ءԭµʦɡ
Ӱ㲵ģŮ˽ĻֱӿȻ

ˣӰۿҲǺĨǿȥ
ԼĴˣ飬ʵģ
棬ֵ˿

̾һھ۵ɫ
˽⵽ʵҲףֻһĵĹʧѣûоȨӰĻ֪Щǣˡ
ƶ˰ɣҿӰҲĵĵǸˣңǴҲûô
˵ţ糾ǰӰ˿ϴһ˿Ц⣬˵ʵڵģʵһҪмӰ㣬һǵķңҼҺƶҲӵнĳɾͣԣллˣ
ף㡭
һ㶣Ҳ֮ǰ顣
Ҳܴ裬֪ԭĻбµ飬Ҳ˵ûӰĳ֣ҲǸųĻһֱӹȥ
ߣ
һλȥ
Ͷһˡ
Ц𣬺ǵɪ


163 䵽ʲô
Ҵ죬Ԫ˧׸ҩʦ᳤ȫ˺ݣȨһ¡
رӰϴǸĵ˸е־壬ͬʱҲΪ˾ӡ
ǲã
󣬻һֱڷƶ߆ţҪΪ˵ǣûۺҪһõķֱۡ
ֻʹÿƣ˵Ҫ֮ͬڼϷ糾Ȱĥ˼죬ƲǴӦ
жǳʱ󣬱ȫǣȴüͷ
ⶾ֣ƺȫɶҩƶɣиҩĳɷ֣ʴһ壬˶ԣδţض˻Ѵŵƶɵġ
ľãƺԼѾ˲ǵ鷳ˡ

۳˿۾
лʦ
ЩӣڻУҲ֪Ĳƽֻȴ벻ͨţǰΪλһӹأ
Ԫ˧ؿ
ԣ΢΢һ㶣ҲΪĵ
ٺ٣϶ôҵӹɣ
һƨ˹ǵ⡣
ߣ
۰һֻۣǼʱദ˷Ƶĸԣʦȷûһӣ˵㲻оֻèһͻữΪ
ϣϡԼӰӡ
ʦ壬μģպʲôҪܷԸǣֻҪ񷸷۱ض
վŷƹ˹֡
޷Ԫ˧عϣǾ֮Ͷѡ
΢΢һЦ
֮Գ֣ҪԭΪԪ˧ƢܺθڣЩҲһֱ߶۵¼ҲߵһǶôĲס
˵˰ɣģһˣСӣԺϣ߸ɴ϶ˣԪ˧һأ
˾һ
⡭
ƲЩΪѡ
ǺǣʦǾϼһ˵ɡ
һϲǿڵ
ϣ
Ҳ飬һȥһ٣ܿʹճһѡ

Ȼҷ£ںһǺü죬Ԫǵõ˴󻡶ȵĿǰĽȣиһ£ͻƴʦнײ⡣
ǿζģŮ£ʹಢţӲùңͻ˴ʦ֮ڵҲЩҲЩ
һڶ޵׵Ĵڣ䣬ԭƽתĳһ̣ôͻȻ˱仯
чR
ͬص߸붨еķƸſڣֱӾһѪ
ô£
ڣǴ㵡
Ϊоڵһƺڱţޱ޼ʵĸоõһ㤡
ԪѸٵţҲڱȡţƺܾѾûѹã
СӸϽ侧
ϵе
Ŷ
һҵæó侧侧ϣԼ
һԪ˳ֱڣûüԪоֱӱһʱһ˿ߣֱӾͽ뵽ڵ֮ڡ
ʱ䣬˼ԪҲ˽ȥһڼѾõĺڶһ㣬ֹڵһ
ô
һæٴóһ侧
꣡
ԪڣתٶȲ΢һЩ
Сӣ
ٴγѣó侧Ŀͬʱʱǻ˻ȥԪ¸˳ܾڵһвŻָ
ǣΪ䣬Ҳ˰˿侧
ʦô
ͻȻõķƲһηѾͻѰ˿侧ɼֲ˼ġ
ͺ˵ˣ侧ֻĶѡ
һȻ˵ţõķһ飬޵ֱҧ
ܾȻѹǣ˶ҪԷģҲ밴ʱι˵ʦҲûιڶױˣҲѹᷢ쭡
ȫһֶĴĿ˵ţõķֱ
ʦƺû˵ɣ
ҧһһٵ˵š
û˵
ƺһ㶣ⲻܣôҪôǣһûסţ
ԣֱһ˫ڼҪ
ԺǵֹܾͣʱιȻ´λӿֲ
仰ϱû˵·
䣬ʲôȻҪʱιʵ÷һͬʱҲ뵽ڲǴʦ磬һξ˰˿侧ԺأԼô侧ιȥ


164 Ĺż
ı죬õķƲͬʱҲӴ˶侧ܾҪ侧ڣҪ޾侧һ޷Ŀɲ
Ҫȥˡ
˿ص˿
˼һϣھóȥˣ᰹㲻Լġ
ȥأ
磬ƲǺ˽⣬رȥѰ侧쾧һ֪
侧ĵطȻһЩĹż
ϵƮ˳
Ĺż
΢΢һ㶡
ȻÿһĹżǴӻĹʱģȻΣأÿһż֮ڣǶ󲻵챦߽似лĹؼĴڣ
˵⣬ϵҲǺΪء
ؼ
һ
ÿһĹż֮У޾ĻĹǿ֮ĹÿһĹصķǶһȷѪ꣬޾ǿߡ
Ҳпƺ˵Ĳ״Щꡣ
ǡ
üͷ챦ؼҪŴʦ磬ûԴڶǿᣬڱԭϵһĻõ֤ˡ
ͣ㵣ʲô
ϲмֲҪȥͷģʵȥһЩѾĹڣЩʣģʲô⡣
Ѿ˵ģ
Ʋ۾һ
ߣѾ˼Ĺأ˭˵ûˣЩǲЩ󲻵ĵط
⻰Ʊסˣ৵һ¾վһ˫۾ȫǼ١
ʦż
ʵ
㼱ʲô
ϲ󷭰ۣûĵʱ䣬ңƵطҪʣҲӦȥʻҵˣǲ
ǣƱĴӺ˳ֱȥ
ϣϣ
λһͥ壬Ʊ˹ȥ
ŶǷСˡ
ҲΪĴк
㻹ǵϼһﰡ
촽ʵҲǣ绨ȻҪϼһҪĺÿ

һ죬õλһЦ
ϣʣڻĹż
Ʋʵ
Ĺż
һüͷҲǲĿ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
Ĺżʳڵȷһֻǣңӡ
üͷʱ϶ҲһͬȥͰˡ
û
Ҳͷп̫ΣˣǲҪȥ
ϣҵʵ㻹ôңֻǺѣȥЩĹתת
ƺЦ

ȻϴηƸ㹻̵ӡ󣬵һ뵽żڵ컹ԵЩԥ
ûбҪ㻹ǲҪȥĺãҵĳ̶ȣ󡣡
ϾҪȥĿɲһˣңǼ˳˵Ļҳ£ЩѾ̰ɱ۾ˣɲǲҩʦ
ϣͷİɣһĵġ
ű֤ţһڴĿ
⡭
üͷķӣ΢΢һ̾ȥɣЩҹżͼ
֣óһݸ˷ơ
лϡ
ƴϲչ˾ᡣ
һŵͼ滭˸״ͼɫ̣ƣ죬ıעõķƿۡ
һҪסˣɫ򣬾ԲҪ
һµĸ
Ŷ
ģһݣͼϣɫźܶദɫģֻĵ׺ϣң඼ڵͼıԵشɫģŵͼϣһСԲȦ
Щɫ򣬶Ǵ֮أ֮ȥãɫѾĹأЩطǿ߶⡭⡭ǱȽϰȫġ
ָ򣬡
ָǸ̵㡣
ǵطΪ۰ǣҲżΨһȫ򡣡
һ⣬ҲˣڻĸҲϣϾĿǰʵҲʵڲȥðա
лϡ
ƹ˹ֿ֣ĵ
СӳӲҪɳȥģˣҩʦۻǴϰɣ⣬⻹Щôġ
ЩįĽ
Ǻǣ϶ͱ̫ˡ
ЦһתƣСӣʲôʱ߰

һ٣Ӧþˡ
ˣû侧ȷʵЩ
ϣֻصԺһ·˼ҲûҪôŮڡ
Ƹ磡
ӯӰ˹˱ǣŮϲֳһĨɵЦ⡣


165 
ΪƵĹϵټ츳ȷȻûԣԪҲƷ̶ȣԣҲԺ
Ƹ磡
ŮȻס˷Ƶһֻ첲õķһ£һ󣬷ƳĬ
Ƹ磬ôˣ
üͷʵ

˿ɫӵĵҪȥһʱˡ
ȥȥģҪͺƸһȥ
ק˱ֱۣŵĿŷƣƺһ㣬һߵҲͬ
Ǻǣɵϣҳȥôܴأ
ͷŮھ簮簮֮ڣģһ˿Ρ
˭Ҫƽ
Ѿû·
οһ磬Ů㱻˵ˣͬʱҲӦŮƽȵеһǲմǲݣΪȫӦֻǣȴһӰĴڣǸص硣

Ůĺ˿߽˺ڡ
оʼͻ߽ףͻߣҲᵢʲô飬º󣬺ڣŵһСڣһӰ쳹
žž
ĻӶȭͷһƿȭͷӣ˳ȥ
ˣ
ķƣľҲһЦеʵ
š
ҲֳһĨЦ⣬˵ͷŵϣСҪȥˣֻҪܳһʱŻˡ
ȥ
ľ΢΢һ㶣ЦǺ°Գɲţ֧ľ
лϡ
Ʊ˱ȭüͷֻǡ
ٺ٣ĲСŮǰɣĺˣڣ¡
ľȻ֪ڵʲôЦһڴӦ
ˣСлϡ
ƸмĵǱ˼ľֳŻȥ
ϾǷѧԺѧԱˣǾԵò˼ҡ
£
üͷʵ
ǣ
Ƶ˵ͷԼ뷨˵˳
ȥ
΢΢üҪ೤ʱ䣿

ԣƳȥεĳУҲûףԲһ飬Ҳ
Ǻ£Ҳ㣬ǣȣϣܳ֡
һصĵ
ȣ
΢㶣ɻĿ
š
˵ͷȣǳҪʳʮڵ궼ܲμӣδȣҲ˵ʵƴߣк׼ؽǧ侧
ǧ侧
пһ޷Ŀ˵ӵǧ侧룬ʮڲҪ䷢ѡ
ţڴҲ˱صõľģ
û
˵ͷңǰ߻дпܻᱻѡʥɽ
˵ʥɽҲЩ
ʥɽ
һģû˵ǣʥɽȴ֮ڡ
ʥɽǻʳĸÿһʳǿʥɽǿҲ˵ʥɽһʳǿߵľۼأʳػ
룬ĳ˽ʥɽǶԸӰжͬʱһӰָж󣿿˵ܽʥɽ˹ͬ׷룬Ҳһҫ
ǰֻܷе룬ڣȴòôңɼˡ
˵֮ʥɽԴôǷҲͲȥѰʲô侧ˡ
ˣ̽żȻһĿǰҪĻҪʵ
֪Ϣ˼㡣
ʮһΣÿѡʮ˲μӣϴΣǧǿҲûȥ
뵽Ц
ǧǿҲûȥ
һüͷ
ѧԺӵк壬˵Ӧð
û
˵ͷȻĵȻʱѡǿҲﵽ߽ףκؾ似̫£Щߵȡ
Ҳǣźǣؾ似ȴûнչȷʵкܴĲࡣ
ͬʱҲΪ˾ӡ
ǰԼȻӵ˱쾧ǣҲδûУ¼ȱţҲȱٴ֮ˣңԼܾͽ׶ѣһȣ̫ˡ
ԺϴζߣʵΣ
üͷʵ
ڶླ磬ң˻쾧ӵ쾧ƾؼ似Ŷھ
һص˵ңǰǿȫǶླ磬ӵ쾧ţ
Ȼ
һ䣬⻰ǵû٣෴ǼеĶ־



166 
ҪƾԼʦʵǾǲܵģңܾҲʵ̫ˣҪ֮ڴﵽȥ࿹ĵز·ߣǾԲ϶ԣƻһ·ҲΨһһ·
쾧
ǣ˵ڼڶ侧ģңɣ߽׵ʣܳɹô
ֻǲ
࣬һؾܶһԪУԲ鼶ܱȵġ
ѵľ棬ƿ
ϵĿգɻˣ˵ӵؼܴﵽ𼶱üʵôѣ
š
һ㶣Цĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ׻˼룬ǣȴؼǷڳ֣ϣ˭ܱ֤أ
㲻ǣ⣬⡭
һ޵ѡ
ûС
ƲȻһ󣬡ԣ⣡
뵽ܣ
ܣܵܣܲģֻҪħ⣬Ǿʲôʱõϡ
ڵǲɱ߽ħأ
ǰɱʦħޣܣ޼ڣɱ鼶ħޣҲ㹻ģ
쾧ȻΣգںϸΣգһ뵽ܣƳģţʲôܾԻһֻҪڣһܳɹ
ԣҪģ
Ժ쾧Ϣ
뵽⣬Ʊ¶˾ģ˻ʵ
쾧ô
üͷ쾧ʵ̫ѵˡ

ҡҡͷĵԵ쾧
ԣ
㶣ͻһ𺳣㲻롭
ͬԣԲһ壬Ǵ½ϵĳʶѪĽѵ
ǿŷ΢Цӣһ
ǰѾ˽ƣ֮Ѿ˱쾧Ѿǳˡ
Ҳ
ɫҲ
˱쾧ƵԪɫδ䣬ȴǹӵб쾧ܣ˹鶼ˣ˭˵ͬԵأ

˿Ϊпĵ֪С⣬ǣҪղȥȻ
ԺģСӲûаյ£
ı֤õĻǲ˲
֮£УƺĺΪѰһ㣬һ뵽⣬г鴤
ȷһͷҲǴ½Ψһһͷ
š
˵ͷһɫЩҲһֱѰ쾧ϢϢǶ࣬ȴûһȷģϾ쾧ʵ̫ѵˡ
˵ţӽָóһѡֽݸ˷ơ
⼸пܴ쾧ĵ򡣡
лԺ
ƴϲӹֽǲ鿴
⼸ǶѾ᰹ˣֽϵҲǼ
⼸ҪôҪô÷ƾпܵǣһǧɽ
˻ɽϣ쾧ǳпܣңҲֱӽ֮Ϊ˱ȥ֮ء
Ǻǣ޷
ķƵģҲаϲ
˵ûʲô£Ҫˣңϣ᰹ϣ
˵ֻҪܴǧǿǿ᰹ֱܽߵǸʱ򣬴ӺʳõԴȻ͸ˡ
ֱӸʶʮһһҲû˻ᷴԡ
лԺ
Ƹмĵ
˻ԺϵЦݣһأ»ʦ𣿡
ôҪ쾧
ϵЯŻĳʵ
š
ƼᶨĵͷڷϽҪ֮ʣԼ뷨˵˳
ܣ
ϳȥҲû
ʦѵô
ҲЩ׷ʵ
ǲС
΢΢ҲЩпǶܱǣ̫ˣֻµʱֻ²á
أô
۾һ
⡭ӦðɣԣҪȫһЩ
˼ڻ³ȷĴ𰸣пԼһ쾧ģСȴ߾ˣңСõʲѣرǡ˵ܣֱҪۺĴڡ
Ǻãȥħɽ
ţƵĽŲǼӿࡣ
ʱ䣬Ⲣ࣬һҪȥʶ͸Ҫץʱˡ
ŮǸһص縮˵ԭ򣬷糾ȻᣬҲӦǣƱٴ̤֮·һΣҪڶ쾧


167 
ħɽͬһ̾ڣħɽ֮ڣײеħޣҩһְֺ޵ĵط
ĴžҲûС
һӰЩľУ
ף
ҲΧĲԾǵûоţһչչֽţҪˡ
˵ĵ򣬷Ǹ鼶ħޣħ޴ڵĵһҲͨ룬ϡ伶ҩĴڡ
ԣɱħ޵ͬʱƵջҲǱȽϷġ
飡
ţƱߵһôԪŷȻľмɽõƬƽĵʧȥƽ͡
໺𣡡
һĿǴ˳õΧħ޾β롣
¡¡¡
һľ쳹ΧĴҲǶţõķϵ˿Цֱ
һͷʮףӴƶһСͱһÿһõΧĴҲΪ֮
ƣ¶ǲۼףҫ£Ĺر˫Űӣһ֪ǲǵ
ɣǵ
ųԼĵƵǲźۼĳ˳飬аԷࡣ
ǿɺͷഫӵѪȻϡѪҲӵһۼףҲĶһĹЧ
໺𣡡
ԶԶģۣĵ˸ͺһ֫һ£ͬһ̹һ㣬ŷֱ˹һ·ϣľԻ٣ʯ飬ò͡
ৣ
ƺԥѡ˱ãȻЩͻƵ˴ʦнףҲûԴԿĳ̶ȡ
ͷȻǲ鼶𣬵ǣۼףѰڼħҲκβ
֪⣬ǲܳһۼ
˸ۼףƵ¶һḬ̃
ܣǾͷˣ
һ˿գٵĵӣԥٴγŷȥֻ׾ĶȻƵıߣֻŭ
ಣ
ƴһôɫ˲ۣϢҲ
໺𣡡
ƺǱϸܵвЩĺ΢΢һƬƬۼ׽궯ײһƬľһ˫С۾Ķϵķƣлʱķʾĵͺ
ߣ
ڷڱֳһĨâ
ն
֣ͶȫΪȭĻܾķҲƲˡ

âͬһ㣬ƼԾŵֱ£еľնֱնͷ­֮ϡ
̣
쳹Ҳնʵǣȴûһ˿ϲ෴ϾǾ㵣ͷŵ˫˸Իӣавá
أ
׵βɨֱӾͽӦķɨ˳ȥ
ͣ
գƱһѪײԶһ·ײôͣ
ȿȣ
ż˵ţٴοȳѪԶǼ˿δĵھǴ֮ɫ
ôܣ
նƲ˵ķõķЩܲˡ
ûʲôܵģ
ϴЩϷʵ˳СӴȻնӲĵط
˴ЦƺķƵĳԿܿһ㡣

ԣǺݺݵĳ˼飬ٴײĵֻѡܡ
ɶ񣬽һնͷɣ
˫ųӣһᣬҩ֮ʱͬʱóһ侧ѸٵĲѾĵԪ
ѾģȻͷħ޸ˡ
ʦģ
û취ֻˡ
㡣
ϵǴõķһŻ˵۾¸һΣ㿴ϵǵûУۣ
ԭˣ
һָ㣬ƱǿĲǺֵİƣЩȻĵ˵ͷ
ߣ
Ʈٴơ
ն
ٴնֱնڵǵ֮ϣʱѪſҵĺûԥֱӾƮ˿
໺𣡡
ۼȾѪʱˣǲϵš
¡¡¡
쳹ԲƬһб꣬һСᣬͳһƽء


168 ۲
ҵ˵㣬ҲǺһ侧ʱŽնˣûĵǰǺݺݵ˼š
Ȼ˷һ侧
һ;ۣһҧֱӾͽƤˣٽӽָԭؿ˼ˣ˿

һȥθʱʹһ죬õķƸϽãϸڵ䡣
ô˶ܣ
θͬ˳ܣĿɿڴ
鼶ħ⣬ЩԵĿɲ٣ȻҲǺܿɹ۵ģȴҲʱͣҿ಻֮⣬ֻһʱҲֹͣˡ
ʱθŻǻָƴŵĹһ£⼸⣬ܼܱ֮ǰһͷ鼶ħ޵Ļࡣ
ô
ȻΪϲǷҲɻʵþãҲϳͣ΢΢˳飬ٴ˼
ѵΪѪ
һ
ƺҲֻˡ
ѵΪħ޵ѪϵҲӰܵ
뵽㣬Ƶ˼ǻһħ޵Ժи֣еҲԽԽ
ΪǣħɽԣһЩħ޵Ĵ˵ںСʱ֪ˣǰǸλǵħޣʱȴǳΪĿ
ţԺ֣
վá
ȥûȥѨֵͷһټĽӡ˹ȥ
ӡߵһɽߵڣһȳ˱Ƕõķƴüͷűӣ˶ڣ̫óһ侧
ɽΪʪǣԽǽӽ棬ȳ֮УȻһֱõķһˬ
Ȼϡ伶ҩ
侧ƿ첽˽ȥӡ۵ģҶ״״ƽڵϵҩ
ҩಢɫǣĸȴһƬƬɫƬһ׵ļٸ£ӨԶҩ˱ǣһ֪Ƿ
ѵѵ۲ݣ
ϸϸ˱ǶҩζۺȫǾϲ֮ɫ
۲ݣǴ壬Ȼ
겢ҩһƬƬɫƬӨ⣬õķƺǼ
ηˣ
۲ݣҩƫȻҩҲϡҩļƷϡ䣡
֮˼ҪΪҩԣʱҪġ
Ϊһ쾧ĻӦþ쾧ˣʱȱٵľ㺮Եϡ伶ҩ
ǻǱ
̵Ľ۲˽ָϸɨһڣȷѾûˣ˳ȥʱҲΪ˷һ侧еɥˡ
ʵ̫׬ˣ

ҹ䷱ǵ㣬ɽ޺ƾһʯ֮ϣȻǱ۾ȴûзɾ裬ħɽ֮ڣΣķɲһ˯¾ˡ
ţ
ԭ۾ķȻ۾ںҹ֮УеӨԵúΪ鶯

һЩҵĽкƵ޺վĿۣķȥ
ৣ
ƿӰټ
С㣬Ͻߣ
˵һӣҲǻȾѪԵ׳Ҳ࣬ϣѾ׳ģѾ
һ˸ҩʦ۵ŮӣʱһңǳĿС
ǰһͷ׸ߵıħޣ»ƣΧĲľԾȼһ˫ͨӣ壬Ķǰˡ
һͷ鼶ķٻޣ
໣
ͺһĶſһ׳˹ȥ
󣡡
Уֻдһнף׳Ǵʦͷн׷ٻޣΪͬ׵ĴҲʾΡ

ҽдٻǷצֱӻһ׳ţʱȫ˳ڵϣѾ
ô벻Ľ٣ڷٻ޷צ£׳Ⱥޡ
ѵҪô
ٻ޲ҶһĴӣŮۿӿ˻ں޵ˮקŵźɫӨҩ
ҲҪҩΣ
뵽ΣĸףŮڵĻҾȥǳһӣһ·ϣۣ۵ֱۣ϶ǻһϸѪۡ

ŶԴĲҽУŮӸǷݵıţǣʦٶȣôȵùٻޡ
𣡡
޺Ůһ˫ϣȴĽ١


169 
ն

һɫֱ£ֿ죬׼ݣֱնǰ˵ķٻ޸
أ
ͣ
ŷٻ޵һҽУĸֱӱƣ೦һ£ڵϣصĳ鶯£û

˿һ۵ϵʬŽĿǵȵӰ֮ϡ
ҩʦ
ҩʦۣҲ΢΢һ㶡߼Ļû°ɣ
ҪҪ
Ůһţڵ棬ϵĶţƺûƵĺһ㣬ĵϾǾ֮⡣

վΪΣֻתʰٻޡ
һͷ鼶ħޣȻ˷ˡ
ãƺŮҲ쵽쳣ˣ΢΢һѣתͷǼʰʬһĨɼ⣬ֻһ
ʡʡ
Ʊתͬ滨΢΢һ˳ǣŮһЦİɣѾûˣǺǡ
ŮӾɵĿ˿ƣηѾʬķٻޣ΢΢һۿֺεˮĵĴ۾
ǡǣǡء
Ů뵽ĴҲ΢΢Ĳš
һޣõķû˷ִ磬ϾΣҲ֪˵ʲôá
ǿˣŮӻվʹͷףЩ˻Ƶлл㡣
û£Ǻǣ
ͷЪϢһᣬʰʰ
˵գתٵʰٻ޵
ŮɻĿĶҲûʣ̫ˣŷţҲû
ˣ
ƱʰˣȻŮһͬߵһϪˮԣóٻ޵ϴɾտ
ķģŮ΢΢죬ζƮ磬΢ʿˮЩѵĿſϵ⡣
ǺǣҪȻᡣ
ƺ΢̧ͷŮ΢΢һЦ

ŮĶ˵һĨۺ죬Ѹٵĵͷȥţﴫ΢õ޵ݡ
ãڷƵĵ£ɢ˵ζ˺һ飬øɾ֦ãƱǵݸŮӡ
ף
ʱ򣬷ƲŷŮקŵӨҩĵƲݣ
š
Ů΢΢һ㶣ҩջ󣬵˵ͷһĿŷơ
ûб˼
һҡ֣˹ȥ˻ؿԡ
⣬˳Ĭ鲻ãŮһֱֵĺΪȻۿڣһֱת
ԥƻǲܺ̾һϢɣȥ
ллӡ
Ůӵһ䣬ǽקƲݣǵ
ҹǵ㣬ԣŮҲû˯ǵӰŮǽĵ¶һ˿䵭
֮ܽ
ŮôҲ벻ͨʮ꣬Ȼ̼֮
ŮٲȻǰӰħڵλʥŮΪ˽ӽƣҲɷѿģڣħɽҵ˻ᣬҲĺ
ߣҵҪǲ֮ܽ
Ů΢ĺһı
ƱǼ˯ԶŮӣ˯УǽƲקУҲ΢΢һ̾
£ҲеᣬرĸŮӻԼŲСĽģõơ
ȵŮ˱̤·̣Ů·ȻҪ߳ħɽǻҪѺܳһʱ䡣
ҽߡ
Ůӵͷڷԣ
ơ
΢΢һЦ
Ȼ߱ǽԼɽ˵˳ҲԭȾͲúõģһΪƵǵĴӵܣΪжħɽҩҲûɡ
ж
ü䣬֪ΪΣֱӾ뵽˲ȶĴڣʵʲô
֪
ҡҡͷĵ᳤ֻ˵һֲ֪ȶҲ޷ֻ˵ҩ뺮ҩѹֶɢ
Ŷ
۾һӦһȴˣѾȷǾȶ
ƹӣѵܽ涾ô
߲ͷʵ
ǺǣҲɡ
ôʣ΢΢һ㶣Цһ
ŵݣһͣ½Ų
ƹӾҵһ
˵ţҪȥһϽסǸģҲһΪѡ
ŮӵĻУҲӰħ֮㣬ҲԣȶǰӰħرĳЩֶΣһԼܽ涾ôԼƱػ⵽Ӱħ̵ұ


170 ǧɽ
ķԥߵڱǻı죬ˮӿò
Ȼܿ϶֮ǣûЩţĹһʮлһ˭Ҳܲˡ
⡭
ƻǺΪԥ
ƹӣֻҪܾҸףҼԸöʮ侧лӴ
Ҳ˵̫࣬Ͼһ壬ҵҲˡ

ôзƵҪڣǸպýȱ侧Щڣʱ뿪ʱûʻҪЩ侧
ΣħɽҲ˲ʱˣ΢΢ָڵ⣬΢΢ʮͷ鼶ħޣһͷѾ㹻ϼˡ
ӦȥѰ쾧ˡ
ʣƵ۾΢΢
ãֻҪͷܾùܹңԭѾűԵˣǲˡ
ڣҪֻһںϣҪ뽫ͬԵ쾧ںϣּܵ飬˵϶ǧѣһŵƣҲЩ顣
ڶ쾧Ѱңĵͼֻǿܴ쾧ǾԵ飬Ҫģ
Ѱңںϣգֻܹһʱ䣬Ѿܽˣһڳ⣬֮ûжڵĿܡ
һǧ侧
ôһ룬ҪȥˣҲ
ðɡ
˵ͷӦ
ⶾ˵ֻǾ֮ͣõ侧ƺҲܲӡ
лƹӣ
Ȼ˵ţǣȴǺݺݵһ
ûа˿٣ҿ飬涾ƺмһ˵ӣõ߲ܴ
ûʲô
ƸЦһԵЩ˼Ͼ˼ҵ侧ȥġ
˱߳ħɽٴμУҲ΢ĺ˿ߵĴ£ȥ

˶һҩʦۣҩʦݣĶһʲô˸Ϊˣһ·ͣͣˣֻԿ⣬סϺõĿջ˸ζҲ˷θȥʣõޱȵĲ졣
Ǹˡ
ų꿾ֱ۾ķƣҲֻĵŵȴ

죬Ʋһһˬ۾
ˣ
΢һЦʱͬٻţȻɣҲΪ֮ɵۣջڸһƬ̿ˮ졣
Щ죬߱ܵ¶һЩͣɫ˲䣬һλߵĹ˳õ˸ֱĵη˵
Բʧˡ
ɫһΣæǸ
СŮ޲ţ
˿֮ʣϵĵĴ˳õķ΢΢һ㶡
򵥣
ţ㻹СĵΪá
ϵгأõķΪ֮һ٣ٴοĵʱģҲãŮӣӦòѰ˲ŶԣرǸղһ˲ŷλƣǿɲһӵеģֳֻλ˲ɡ
˶侧ߣ
Ҳû룬˱ٴζ

һ·ϣƺԽԽ࣬ҶǳһȥȻЩҲûȥ׷ʡ
ף
ģȴǸе棬һɳȸ𣬽Ű崦Ҳһɹ̴ݶϡ
̧ͷǿǰգҲһۿɼڣΧЩ·ҲǴź١
ӣ඼ǳŰӣƤڵľɣһۿȥƺΪˬż·ŮӣȻƤͬ΢ڣȴЩƫԸеĹ֮ͭɫŮӣЩŮǰ㺬ߣһ׽ֻǸպýزԼµһطڶסЩϸ֫ȴǴ󵨵Ĺ¶˳޳ĴֻͬǱһЩ̶̵ȹӻ̿߼䣬ˮ߰֫Ťţһ˵ζ顣
֣Ϊȣ
Ʋɻ
ƹӲ֪Ѿı߾ˣֻҪƹƬǧɽˡ
߹ȣ͵
ʲôǧɽ
һϲ
ʦ𣿡
ĵ׺
ţ
΢΢ȷп쾧
У
һ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
벻ȫѹѣֱߵͷˣѵǺ˺ñ
ѹеľϲ˵ߣҪͣһʱˡ
ͣΪʲô
΢΢һ㶣ϸüɻʵ
ǺǣᣬĶһģҪȻȥȥ£һֱȥġ
ƽ͵


171 ׼
߻ûжȥõķЩΣҩʦۣȫӦûûж
һ·ϣȺǶңΪ󶼶ڴʦ磬鼶Ҳ٣õķƲпߵǲһ
Ȼ᰹һŵӣǣǧĲ࣬Ƕʱֲġ
ѵ
뵽һȲõĽǽµĲҲӿࡣ
Ȼһߵ֮󣬷ƾͱǰһиסˡ
ԶȫӰɽΧԼ㣬ǰЩӦҲмǧңõķľ
΢΢̧ͷȥǰһȫǻ棬Ļ棬ûб߼ʣյĿռҲǲס֨죬¶ȳȣ˿ŴأΧһƬƣкܶѵĴط졣
ǧɽ
ЩЩϵĻ棬һ
üһɲģЩǿҲ׷ܱͣ߶ҽڡ
š
һԵ΢ĵ˵ͷһ۷ƣѵƹǴ㡭
š
Ƶ˵ͷĿһƬᶨ
ϵ쾧ǱбصõľģʵڲУɱﵣǻǵãϻܳ֡
֮Щ飬ʦֵܵġ

ſС죬֮ʵĿԱꡣ
죬ɿˣԵʣҪϵ쾧кãңƾǴʦΪôȥ˵ôǧɽ
ƹӡ
߻һ
ôˣ
ӿΪЩ쾧ģ
ŷ΢üͷҲģڷƲĿ£ֵǧɽǧδϨ쾧˽֪ǣΪ쾧أ
⡭Ϊʲô
΢΢Щɵʵڷ֤ʵˣɽڣȷг͵쾧뵽⣬ҲЩ档
ƹӿǵľٶˡ
ָܷܷ֣վڻ֮ǰЩˡ
ѣƲϸĹ۲Щ˵Ķ̬ǷһЩ쳣ĵط
Ȼˣǣǻƺû˿ľ䣬һ̸˵ЦŻɽָָ㣬ЩǳɽڣʱһڵĳǻģΧһЩЦ֮
ѵǡ
΢΢͡
ԣֻʶ»ɽѡ
͵£ߵ˵ͷﳣˣѰֻǹ۹⣬ԵģѡУû˸ҽɽ
Ϊʲô
ǧǰʹ˻ɽ쾧ʱ˴ߣλǿߣȥֻ֮мλشӳǿߣûһų󼸰꣬ÿ궼ɴߵԴˣֻһƬ۹֮أûٸҽȥ
߽͵
⡭
һڽڶشƲһЩĻ棬üͷ
ʦа취ô
ֻýΨһϣڷϡ
С¡
νУɽ£ƺж˵ں԰ɢѣˣõķһϲ
׼侧ɡ
⻰һϵϲֱӾͽǻһ⡣
㣬ָڿɾʹ߿侧ˣﾭǴֱʵġ
ʦѵûİ취ô
ҲΣƾʱΪɽͬɡ
취
΢΢ĺЦٺ٣취Уǲ֪ܲܳǸˡ
Կࣿ
һ㶣ܣ
쾧ʹˣͲŻб쾧Ϊʹ顣
ٺ٣ãе
ģϾȻ˷һ䣬ˣһ
䣬ɲһǺ¡
Ȼ
ٺ٣ᣬܻ㲻ǣ֮ʹȴҪԼȥܣĴȥô
ϵɴŵʡ

ԣƵϱ˼ƤҲ䲻Ĵ˸
գǺܵģһǳʱķգʹһҲõ

ǰĻ棬˿ѹеĵ壬ᶨĵҪȥ
ֻҪܲţܣʹҲܹܳȥ
ܺã
϶Ĵ𸴣ϵҲЯһЩοԣ־ʵѵã
׼ЩԵҩʱЩ
лʦ𣡡
мһ䣬Ʊǻع
С㣬
ŷķȥһ㶣ƹӣߴˡ

ƳһЦǳʱһɽȥ


172 
߰ڶڣ֣Ʊóһߴ㵵Ŀϣʵʵֻһ˫۾⡣
ƹӣǡ
΢΢ſǷ۵С죬ǽĵУ͸¶һɼľ졣
ңģܿģ
˵ţ㵵Ŀ⣬ֱǧɽжȥ
ǵԶȥĺӰüͷ
Ŵʦн׵ʵѣΪλȥð飿ĴӺζѵǵõ˲У
ΪӰħ̵ʥŮļʶҲǼ㣬ǣȴɲ²͸ƵЩʲôദǾ֮׵ģǷʳѡ񣬳⣬δй䶯ÿι󣬻һģõ벻ס
Եʣǿ쾧кã
⣬벻׵ĵط
ʥŮ
һȰӰ԰һֱӷڵϣг˹
š
ĵ»ָĮ߲ûеͷȥǿԶĻɽ΢΢üͷ嵭ĵ֪ôô


Ȼᡣ
һ˫ӨӨ˸˸ĵһ˿ζֳȻѡ˽ȥôҵҪǲƾԼʵõ쾧ȻֻҪʱעⲻҪپˡ
ס
ٴι˹ӡ
ȥɣ
ĮĻǹȰʧ
뿴㵽ܴ漣
ƵʵǿһڷƵѾ߽ףҲǱȽϾȣȫڷӵжǣһԼС֮꣬ܽκò֢֮⣬ɲˡ
ڣģǾãȥ쾧ΪԼ
һԵˣҪ쾧һˣһ˵ǷڷϣҲ¶ˡ

һ·ǧɽǰƵĲӻ
˼һ£Ҳû˵ʲôϾӣʲôĶУȻûȥĴš
һȺԱȽٵĵطͣ
ǰĻ棬֨õͷƤ飬Χǳȵ¶ȣõϵĺҲЩ壬£ŰҲͬǲպһ㣬Ԫ壬ͱˡ
ʦ𣿡
ĵһ
š
ϵ˳ҲǱȽأ׼ˣ
׼ˣ
ƵޱȵļᶨƱҪõ쾧ľģûΪɽ
֪ȻܱԼǣǻ֮ʹһ㣬ֻ¸ǴΡ
ܺãǿ쾧ǰϷֱӳȥ
˵䣬ӷϵöӵĽָϣɢһӨӨ֮ں£ȫס

ĺ˿ҧҧһԭѿĴأαֱӾ˻ɽڣ˲䣬ΪĻ˽ȥ
һɵ
ٺ٣ҸղɨһۣǸʦѣǲ֪
Ҳ֪ܻܲųˡ
Աֻ΢΢һ㶣ʹЦ׷׳Ц
ȥˡ
ףôû
ԭΧ˶Ǵ㿴Цģʱ䣬Ǵʦļˣǣܣȴû˿Ķ
ʱȥˡ
ͣɽֶһԩ꣡
쾧ˣԼȥˡ
ʵģҲˣƲǴʦѣڣûΪţֻˣþʹá
һʱ󣬻Ǿ˻ô˽ȥˣˣȻͳǿеЦϡ

ڷһɽڣϱǶһӨӨ֮⣬ܵĻƶȴֹӨ֮ǰ
棬ܵĻǰȼգҲյЩģŤҲ˿δ𣬷д󶨡
˻
һ˼ʱ䣬һȱȫõƤҲ챻ˣʱҲʹıЩŤڽǲϵԾԾ
ץʱ䣡
ϵԽָڴֱǺǳ֮УĴ
Ŷ
ͣĶӣ׼˷򣬷Ʊǿ첽ıȥ
Խǽ룬͸ΪȣģƺѾŵԼɢ㣬ԼԶĻ棬ëȻóһҩٵķоʱһת£õ΢΢һˬ
ǣֻգ۵ʱ䣬һɸΪʹÿһƤϴĵףõǰһڣûʹԵȥ


173 
Ļ棬𣬽Ҳյͨ죬ǧɽΧûкҹļģԲضѿһɲѷ죬Щѷڣʱ緢ȵϢͨˣ޷ﷶΧ
ǧĻɽڣ޾Ļ治֪˶ǿڵĻʬҲᱻճɻҽ
ǣ֮УһӰĵ߶ţʱˤӳ鴤һᣬóһҩڣȻɿһ塣
ǰһȫͨ죬ƵҲԵЩŤϣÿһƤⶼȵĻյͨ죬ͬպһ㣬ģɢ뿾ζ
ѡԪҲűԵˣǣÿһŷԪֱӱѹ˻ȥһһȥڵԪܿľͱĸɾ
ʱѵµƤҪһܵĻҲҵĳõĶҲǻҲʱĻ˼
ǣҲƵĻڣһ㵭Ө⣬ȴԵüΪԣͬһٻһ㣬õĻ
ǰĻƺûоͷǣҲûҪˣޱߵ֮ʹһһᶨƵĳš
˻˻
вϵĴҲͨһƬĻðƤײǲֱӱȵĸ¸ֱһϢҲ֮Ϯ
꣡
һɻֱֱֽǰеķһģûзķƵײײʮŸһ͹ʯϣֱˤʱϵĻ棬ǷõһĶ𣬲ͣĶӣ
УȥУ
ٴһ꺮Եҩû룬ǻָԭңͻȻ͵ļȣǹܣ֪
꣡
һģóһ侧ܾʼ侧
侧Ǵ룬ԭͿյԪбǷһԪӿöӨڣһ죬˱΢΢ζһɭɢ
꣡
ͬȵˮǷ̶ġꡯͬʱҲŵϢ
壡
侧ɲˣԪϣ⻹ǵڶΣΪٶȣΪٳЩʹҲû취顣
˱Ԫ壬ȻȣҲܷΧ֮ˣƵһ˫ڵڣɭɭ׼򣬽̤棬һ塣
ȫٱ˴ʱҲ侧⻹ܽԼ£ڣŤڣһƬɽȺ

ԶĹͺɽͣ˽ŲصĴƽ
ף
ϵг˾죬벻֮оȻ˺ɣ
ɣ
֣ӾһҲӿֳһĨ塣
Уǻеľ֣Ϊ֮Է٣벻ԼȻڻɽ
ʦô죿
֣Ƕ֮Լʦܿģ
ͣʲô㾹Ȼ
ηĻϲмһ

һ㶣һ鶯ҲһһģвʱĺʹֱһɭԪ΢ƽ
ߣ
һ֣ڽԻоˣþҲܴһƷ

۾һ
ĵȽףѰ˶֪һģͨȥǾͨ˵ңɼ飬ȥǾǴ˵еıˣΣƾͲ֪ܵˡ
˵Ҳûһ˳ֵģѰܲ˾նȭľֲͨͷţõҲǾᡣ
꣬ħɽڣǱͷǳۺ죬ƣҲһƷȻߵʵвʦ
񣬾Ҫֵľƣ֪
Ʒ
ĺȻ伱٣ţһʹ
ߣֻӦػ쾧쾧ĳ̶ȣҲǿԵˡ
⻰ƸԪһ磬һ壬ٴȥ
ɽȺУһӰ֣ʮ鶯
꣡
ĻЩϷڣ¶ȣΧļƲзϱӻպбԻ壬Ҫߵ⣬ɲһ׵顣
ô
ǰɽǸϻĶڣ΢΢ЩҲƽ
ĽŲͣ£һӴӰǸ˳һ˫Ϻɫӣ˱Űֱŷƣ


174 ȡ
ɣо֣ڻڣ޵еĴڣǧǰ쾧γɵʱˣʱʮڴ룬ֻˣʮһ룬ʣһҲǲֻ룬Ҳ
Ȼ˷ϵı֤ǿߣϵĹƻ̲סĲ
˻
ſǳĴڣһ˻ΧĻǷӳǸߴԵüΪɲͬħһ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬ǧɽΪ˻˱仯һԶֱĻƸǼЩԭĺֱܽû˽ȥ
ô£
Χ˶ƺ˺ɵ˻𣬶ʱһǾɽ
صˣȻŹдԣɽ֣ÿһεķŭûɽķΧΪ֮չ
ΣƺΪˣ
ǰϷڵĻ棬˵ɫ
ѵ˴
뵽⣬ΧȺǲסĺˣֱʮͣ
Ż֮ϷڲϢĻǸ۷׷ס
ˣ
ȻĺԶҲܵΧ¶ȵı仯ԶԶƬͨʣϸüҲ΢΢£
Ȼзؼʦ磬ôܻӵ۷ʵĺɵĶ֣
ȻⷽĵǣҲ˿δֻૣѵжԸɵֶΣ

ϣͬ嫺ֱӾͱƷ˳ȥƮڰգΧķϵĻѬԣбԪ壬ҲоҪѿˣÿһ缡ͨһƬÿһëҲֳۿɼ
˻
ɴǰһص£ףſڣһ׾ǿɲĴֱӿֱơ
꣡
ֱӿɫǳ˳飬ȡ侧Ԫһ磬͵ĳȥ
ȿȣ
Χ漱ĦõķƵӸͬһ㣬ĿһƣѪֱӾ˳ǳڣΪֱΪޡ
ʦ𣡡
ĵװһ
ˣ
ϵأ£һɰͬ嫺ۺϢɢ˳ķƵӹڣϢõΧĻֳһƬ򣬸
ӣںԻɻĿ£鸡ͬoһ㣬һ˫ûб߼ʣһɰƣ춯ء
˻
ɸܵв˻õΧĻǾ£ŨĻ棬ͬҺ廯һ㣬Ƭ֮УγһҽĴڡ
ı֣ڷƵǹֳһĨĮķһֱֻۻ˳
˻
ҽ֮ڵĺɶʱͷ˫Ϻɫڣ¶Ŀ־壬ſǿɲĴڣƴϻҽ磬ӣֻͬĪץסһ㣬Ĵҽ֮а
˻𴫵ĺԶԶڻɽȺҲǻɽзԶĻ棬ÿһ˶˻
ڲҽУ
˭ȥˣ
ⲻܵģ֣
ָȺڷĴ˼ܿ϶ڴ쾧⣬ңѾ뺵ɴƺռϷ硣
һ²⣬˶Ǹпѣһ˫˫۾ȫǿŻϵı仯ڴλ֪
ģɵƴߵĶУ΢üͷչ˿
Ȼһֶεˣ
ǣճһĨĮЦ⣬һ˫ĵӣӨ˸

˻
ƾεӴǴҽ֮б˳УǷţƽеĸΪ
ߣ
ӷƵ³ĺȥ΢΢սһ֣һȭĶΪһ㡣
ȻԶ鸡ŵĺɣȴǷͬһֻ͵סӲϵķ죬ڻ£һɫҽɢ¡
飡
űƵֻ͵ս
˻
ͣ
һƽУӴֱӱ飬ɢΪҽ֮УգֻʣһöϺɫԲ
΢΢֣ϺɫӱǷƣΪС
УǿǿȥѰһƷûġ
ǲϵ˳
ľͿԼˣ
䣬ڷӿ嫺ʱͳȥû֧ţӸֱȥˤǸҡ


175 Ⱥ
ĲƴȺͬʯһþò
ˣ
¶ףӺɵ˻𴫳ֻǶ̶̵İʱ䣬ΪߵѾǸδ֪ǿߵС
ֻǰʱ䰡۷ĺɾôˣ
˲ɵȻ𾴣ǣȴҲһСȴĿʱľһ˴ܽ˻ɽڡ
ź۵ˣǶһӨӨ֮⣬ΧӿĻʱ򣬶ֱΪǲӨ룬ߵĺŲƺҲЩģڻ溣ڵײײš
ѵ뺵ɴʱش
ڵļǿߣһĻ˸
ϢֻǴʦܴĺأ
һ˫˫â˸۾ںɨɨȥȫ¶ɫ

⼸ΧưһҲͣ˽Ųһݣһóһ侧룬ɿݵԪٴĶһɭϢŷ˳
ߣ
߰˸Լһ˾Ӧģԣѡ壡
һ͵ĶŻĴأɾӼӶֱǰǸȥ
ն
֣ǿһѾͻƳƷľζܱƣͬһɭ磬˵ߡ

ڻ֮ڣǸ鱾ʵۿۣķиǻţϮûκεķֱӱն룬Ѫ֣ûԪֱӾͱûճɻҽʲôҲûʣ¡
˻
Χһƻͣʱʹ˼Ŀûٸǰ

˻ƵӺ´ԵüΪɭ䣬ͬķι˵ļ䡣
ûٸĿźˣһһĳŻ֮ȥֱʧǲŻĳȥ
̫ˣ
ղǵɭӡǵ֮ϣõ֮ţԼһˣԲֿܵס
ɽ⣬ɽ˺ֵĳ棬ΪһӰӻ߳İȥ
̧ͷɨһۣû˵һȥ
ȺΪֱÿһȻڶ໳ɣȴû˸ǰֱ߹һϿȣǲźȻۿ
ʦ磡
ţĿ˸
ӦشһʱӦûָˣ
Ǹᰡһ쾧ȥӶóˣ
Ⱥв뷨֮ˣһǻĳϿȥ
ৣ
һϮͻأ֣վϿȸߵأһ˫Įӣû˿еĿΧȺ
˭
һ۷ǿ׳ŵӺʵ
ߣ
ֲмĺԺ´˫ĮһĨֱ̧ۣǸʵǿһָ
꣡
һںڵĹ±ŷǸǿߡ

ǸӲҽץؿڣһѪⱻ˺
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬һâɢȫϵļһĸõЯŨѪˮһһĵµأûжᣬ˾ͱʴһ̲Ѫ
ʦ
ԭļҪǰͬ飬ΪѪȵĳĵʱȺоһ˫˫˫ǿϮӰ
ʦǸ߼ʦǵͼʦǶηĴڣΪʦʵҩʦѣҪΪһĶʦҪܵʹ࣬ǳ޷ġ
ΪЩĥѣʦƢ൱ĹŹ֣׶ŭŭɱˣǴ½ͷ۵һࡣ
ûҩʦôʦǴ½ף
Խߣ
ͬĥɰ˻ƵӺ´˶ܿǺӹĨĹ⣬Ǹ֣޲Ϊ֮һ
仰˱ֹȰʧˣȻѾ뿪û˸ǰһ󣬺վǸλҲû˸Ҵ·
ʦǿ˹

Ϊ±٣Ҳóȫһһ֣ٵԶãͷһҲû˸ŻüͷŶڵǴжȥ
ᵽ쾧ˣ
º۵ķƣĵϣҲ¶𺳡
벻ͨǴʦ꾿ΰ쵽ģٻҲǣ˻ʹ࣬޷ģ⣬ĳĳǡ
ɱɵģʣȴǲµǵ˲УõؼȻǺɵĶ֡
š
΢Цŵ˵ͷ


176 Ʒ
һΪεɽٽڷסֻ¼ڣƲȥϵĻҳ
Ĵ쾧
ǰ꣬ߵĵȫǲ˼ɫףԵΪҪð쾧
⣬
ǺǣȻ
ǿһЦ˵ͷȻѾŬķˣǣǺΪء
ϾʱںҲ𣬶ԼȴŴʦòԼĴ󵨶еȡ
ģһɹȻȥ㸸׵ġ
ưοһ䣬⣬𿿵̫ˡ
˵ţǳɽȥ
Ƿʳ꣬ŪΪҪô
ѵΪǰһ٣
ֲôܣֻкɵĿ
ͻƳƷӦûߡ
Щ죬˼ĵ⣬ҲĸоΪ񻯾ľѾ˽ҪͻƵĵزˡ
ƷΪƷΪϣ˵ƷпıҲпʮʮǾͿֲˣԽǶûʲô⡣

ͬϪһܣθתϴڵûӨľܵÿһγӣõľΪӨͬˮһĴڣɢŶĿӨ⡣
ٴγһ⣬ѾоͻƵѾˡ
ѹѾθٴóһҵĿʳš
á
󣬲ֹθˣƸоʳҲҲԲˡ
Ϊλûͻƣ
ͣϵĶɻ
оһ֮Ѿ⣬ȴû˿Ľչⲻɻ
ߣ
ϵԺһ˵ľȵĻ׼ȻᴿľǣҪƷɲô򵥡

һ㵣ʵôʦҪβܽƷأ
ĿǰΪܡ
ƺЩʲôҰһѰɡ
ң
һ㶣Ǹоһ뵽ԼڣϸһǷ֣ٲȻǽʱԼϵǲӨ⡣
䣡
֮ʱڴͷĿѣţڱŷһǿľϯܡ
ô£
һֱעŷƵҲһ㶣ϸĸӦûʲôֻǣٿƵʱȴǾãǰʱˣҲ˵
ˡ
ھĻζһӨĹ⻪ת֪ΪΣĴЩӨӨ㣬ܾаһɼǿ
ľô
ƺʲôƺʲôҲʲôҲǺףҲ˷Ǹزͻˡ
ΣҲѾͻ˳Ʒ֮ģı

˿۾Ĩҫ۵ľһţţڣ֫Ǳһ󡮱Ĵ죬òɢȥ
ˡ
תԪʱһɰƶȻ
飿
ܵڱŷƣ߲ſŷ۵С죬þҲͲ£ȥôܣǴʦнףôһף
ĵⶶôҲ벻ףġ
ħ޵ҲԽף⵽ʲô
Ǳ۾ڵֳûȥ
ؼ
һһĨ⡣
ദ˼գԽԽԼ͸ˡ
ˣβ̣ǽһ
ǰʮϣΪӰħʥŮܵв
ܽ涾β֢֮Ľ򣬴ĹɣҪԵ쾧ɹ仹ô
ʱ룬겻ӦΣ
֮󣬱ǻ˺Į
ɱ
ûзеʮ屶ҲѾúˡ
ʱ󣬷ǽ״̬ѵĵز
ȷҪ
ϵԺ
š
΢΢ͷ
ȣǰ߶ڶ༶ǿߣҽӵ쾧߽似ԼƺҲƿԡ
Ψںϲͬ쾧ӵֱſЩϸ¡
ֱɡ
ϵҲǳء

ĺ˿ƵһƬᶨ֣һöͨ쾧Ǹǰ
ǧɽ֮ڵǿ쾧ȣеȡ
ͨ쾧ͬһŻգһڵ¶ȱΪ֮ԭЩʪĶҲůġ
Ʊ΢΢ȥŻС


177 ﵹæ
ͨ˳ŷƵֱڣһȵϢǹȣڻɽʱҪ౶
ϾǸʱֻ⣬ڣȴڣң쾧¶ȣҪȻ¶ȻҪϼ
̣Ʊͬ˿ˮһ㣬һƬͨ졣
ǻðŰ̵꣬ҲŷһȥǸ֮ࡣ
ˣ
ʱ˵ԼеڴǾеģΪڴ漣ڼ֤漣ĵ
꣡
ƵӣΪǺԵЩϣƤ֮ϣϵķˮݣǴǵӿĿֲ£ҪǷٻһ㣬˿оƺҲ챻ջһ㡣
ȼգǱó壬ûа˿ڣõԶæתȥ
Ե쾧֮󣬾ͻһͨĻںֱײ˵Ĳӡ
ˡ
ڵԪڷתţһɹɭԪϵ˳ɭڣǡѹɻŰ¾һǣƾͻͬϵ۰㣬ֱӱճһѷĩ
ˣÿһĸ£ҲǽĥܹĸоѪҺյķҲЩŤڷۼ
־ȥ֮󣬷Ƶ壬±ǻ᳹׵׵ʧ硣
񣡡
Ż쾧Ĳ룬ӵĻҲԽԽңصһֱ֮ϱѿһɲĿӣѪ籡
⣬ֻǿʼѣţܣţѿһʺĿӣѪܳѪˣԵĺòˡ
ƤıѣȴͶע˿̣ǿĵľʹܾڵǹɭһԪ֮ڡ
־ٶƺҲֻͽͣΪе쾧ǸոտʼˣȻ㾡ȫĴѹƣƴڵƬ˵ǲ׺һڶѣ쾧ļ룬ڵĻҲԽԽֲ
Ҽӿӿ찡
ԪڣŵСǼȴ᲻ٶƺֻģһһεĥš
ٿǷ𺣰㱩ڣľ񣬻һĸоһƣ룬Ȼ鲼˷Ƶġ
Щ쾧ȻῼǷƵĸܣסıڣƬ𺣸ԽԽ͡
Ǹһ
ŻѾŻ˵ķƣҲ˵ԼеĸܣһĵҲԽӵ

ϱѵķƣһһֻ֣һɫڷѪܵؿϡ
꣡
ɫһƵļʱͱŷ˿˲ȫЩԭɲѿҲĿʼ£
ǣֻһգۼѣһѿٴѿѪòҡ

ƺ˸Чϵǰ΢΢Σֻǿţٶ
ʱƣǸңӳ죬˿̵󣬸ǲҲ̶ãһۿȥ类Ƥһ㣬Ϊĺˣ¶ȵߣЩѿ˿ڣֱӱĽ
ˣڣǲ⣬ɽȻͬڲϵײ֮ϴ쾧ʱй޲
Ǳյĸѣڸ٣ҲǱرΣũҩҩԵ¾ֱӱճɻҽˡ
Щʹ꣬ڼı֤Լھʹлܵ£Բܣһ£ڵĻûѹƣͻֱӽɻҽ
ҲҧѪȫǷԪ֮ϣһͨĻ˽ţ󻺻ڻڡ
̣ϴεûʲôǰʱڵԪĸɾųһ亹Ͻóһ侧š
ˣ
оԼԽԽģֻóһ۲Ľ˼£ȥ
һĵֱӾõԭ紦¯ķƴһ
꣡
۲ݵҩͬһ㺮öǣ鵤ҩԣɭԪһͬⷽĺѹһΧڡ
ʱ򣬷ϵǿ쾧Ҳ֮һ˫صѹ£ȻǼΪʹ֮ǰǾǺ


178 ں
֪ĵһƬƺҪˡ
һ͵ɽԣϵɽڣ쾧ķԱ֮ǰת
쾧һʹḶ́ԪĻ쾧ԽԽ࣬ٶҲӵ˳
˻쾧ҾȻû壡
ŷвСľ壬еֱ¶˳һ˫ĵھǲ˼֮ɫ
ΪӰħ̵ʥŮļʶԶڳˣʲôĹ˹˵ȴΨûš
Ե˲κԵ쾧ǳʶҲ˵һһ˵̤ڣǾԻٲ
ǣƴʱȻǲһЩȴûбļʱţ߸ǿһɲѿڣȻڻĺ£ЩطѾ衣
˹£õĿɿڴ
ֻ֪һ㣬꣬ɹˣִһ漣
ôɳȥᵽһʲôĵز
۾˸
ʱ򣬷Ʋû˶˿ǳף˵ʲô⣬ڣԻ壬ֻǳ飬Σյģ֮ںϣ
ֽȻͬҪΪһ壬Ϊһ룬һôḶ́˵ܳɹɹǾҲһ׵顣

ĿǰڵԪҲѾתڣͬһƬҽͨЩϵͬ˳һĶţѾ׵˵ͨʱһԱһ㣬ежתȫûǰı
ĹȻʹ࣬ǣҲһֱŷơ
ܾٴͻˣ
нףƣ쾧߽Ҳʲô¡
ʹಢţм仹һЩǡ
쾧ȫٶǼӿ࣬еͨȫ֮󣬷ƲŻ³һȵİ
ΪѾ˵ʱû۾෴ģӱĴδй
ԡ
һֱӵһ侧ڵ֮ڣɭŷ˳ڷƵĿ£һһȣײһ
أ
Ѿȫڷƹƣǣײһ𣬸ûںϵļ෴ģ߶ǱЩʹݺݵײһ𣬻ִţӶľԪڵͨҲЩ궯ҲǴõķֱɢȥƽȥ
ѹ֣κڶֻһԣеڶ֣ԭÿһԣ֮ĿԾȻ֮ǿ
Щεĵ
ܾ֮ܽںһô
Щˡ
Ҿõӣ
ϵԺ
ʦ𣡡
š
ӦһΪпĵСӣɵĲ
츳ߵˣʵƵ츳л͵֣ǣƵԣȴǼΪټ
̳̣֮УһԵһΪˣ
ڣӵ촫еõ˶δڴѡ
٣
ǿЦһ
ʼڻɡ
˵Ҳ˲ȻҲĸнš
һںϵʹ࣬ǳܹģ
ţ
˿ǲٳɣ΢ĬĬܾһֱӾͷ˳ȥ
ķԭ΢΢ƽԪǱһԾţ֮ϵǿ΢΢ɢ˼ӿȥ
䣡
һɳƵĺ챬Ѷõԭӽһվ㵵ĿѪꡣ
˲ŷɣ
ɻˣķӦδҲ̫˰ɣ
ιôˣ
ãķƵɫֺ죬ְף̲סỽĵ˷ƵĶڡ
ʱƵҳһ⣬ײʱŷΧľ඼ܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˣũҩһˣͱˡ
ǹƲ΢΢Ļˡ
ѵũҩרΪں쾧׼ģ
£û׼Ի
Եʣں;Уûũҩ䣬ܾǾ䲻ú³
ô˵ܾƣũҩʵˣ
ֻǷһ˲ֵĻɣǲҲܿ϶ң죬˵ûƣǷԼҲš
ѵȱʲô
̲סһ˼룬ںϳɹʷϡ


179 ƵʥŮϣ
䣡
һһȣһ𣬲ϵĦײסĴڱŷÿһε죬ʹڵһҪܵһҵĳ־ʹÿһζõķƲȥ
ڳΪսÿһεײͬըһ㣬ƵҲڲϵıĥǰһƬڡ
ˣҲûܾĿƣͬˮޣų⣬༷ѹûںϵļõķƸϣǣû˶еϣϾϾһӣܳɹǾʹԼҲܳɹ
䣡䣡䣡
첻ϣͬһ㣬ѪϵĴҲѪòˡ
⾿ôˣ
Էڲϱŷ죬ҲЩëȻǷƵĲ״õֱ
ǣΪղŵ飬ҲҺҵİæֻվ￴ţȴҲĪ
ڵ״µֱӽ÷Ѿڱ״̬һ˿ģʶڻƮʱɢΣգһ˿ʶʧôܹͬҲܹںʧܣҲᱻֱӽ飡
ҲҪ
ԽԽģʶ÷粽һǺڰ磬һʶɢ

ڷƵʶڰһĳЩڵһεķӿ˳˲תڵܵشҲۿɼٶ޸š
ܣܣ
ͻȻǱʣõķԭѾģʶٴεѳܵļ룬ӿһɿϲ
ǣΨһʧĵطǣڷƿܵܣƺԵںϣʲôãĴڣƺΪ޸˶ѡ
Ѿ㹻ˣ
ƻ򲻶޸ƻ޸սһ㣬ÿһ࣬⣬ܵ˵ʱܱǻ֮̽޸Ȼظѭֹ
սľʹҲ޷ģÿһΣǶʹõķƵҲǲסĶš
ǣеĺôҲǲԶ˳ҲΪպУι̵Ļ
ʣôɱŽţȻ仺û˭֪ʱ䣬һʱһ죬Ҳһ£ãһ㣬ȴӹɣ³֮󣬷ƶȻ̥ǣ
ɱ䣬ڻУţһ־սȥضʤ
ô
ڷվ˽ʱߣ𾪵ļ޷˼ˣķǳŷǲϳ鴤ӣ޷ʱ
꣬ǹͷβĹ
ͣ
һѪ˳ƵɫǲҰ˼֣콻ӣòڸǺȣõ˼
ʱ仺ţʹಢ鴤š
䣡
Ҳ֪˶ãڣһ¡Уһֱ۲ŵķƿһЩϣ
ŷײϸСЩɽҲײ˻𻨣ǣǵУײһȴҲûзֿɫ
ɹˣ
һϲֳһ񣬿˿
Ȼ
˲ûųһСʱԷĵһ޷ĿϲǣǼӿײٶȣںϵԽԽ࣬ڱЩɭɫϣҲռһС̣
״̬УʱͬǼģˣƲ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬ɹҲΪ˶ɫϵĵԽԽռö˵ĻǾǴεںϣͳɹˣ
ˡ
ڣҲ֪˶ãɫ쾧һ죬ֱӾںжԲĽ
ֻǣĽô
ܵĳţҲ֪ΪΣһĪĳĵ׼ӿϣʱư̾ʹǿ˳ҲĪıù̡
ôˣ
ƻˣδ飬һõֿҪϢĳ嶯ʣҲûгƺѾ˯ȥһ㡣
ιôˣ
Ų°̵ķƣһԵǰ
ĵڷƵĶڸͬԭӵһ㣬׵ĵȼеǹȵ
۾ֱӾ֮վһľŮӣѩ׵ļȻɵݣһɢ롣
ৣ
վ˫ĿǵӰͬԼһ㡣


180 ƵʥŮ£
һ˫
߿һ˫ɫʱȻһĲӿһɲõԤУºһҪ㿪˫ӵֱӡ
𣡡
ͳĺԷƵĺ˳Ѿȫոɾǿȵһ˫ͫ鷺𣬶ǵȻݡ
ʲôҾ
˫õĻţΪӰħ̵ʥŮҲ˵ô£Ų߽ķƣĵݱñ䣬ɭ
ǣв˿Ӱ첻ƣǿŴ󲽳۽
ô
Լ˲ŵѡУߺԥľѡǰߣ˫һڵĶķ
֪
ڣû˿ͬ飬ЩˣһۺһתŶȥ
ৣ
ת߱Ǹеһɴ˲䴫ȻԼ壬ͽ뵽һǿĻ֮С
ֻ΢΢һŮıȻõ˼֣һڵĶҲӿ˳ΧұڣµأǱʴĿӿݡ
ֻǣԶǿߵľ綾ƺԷЧ˿̵û˿ϧ֮ģһ˫۾ķϣЩٵĺŮеķ㣬еǹа
ǣͽͣŮӵķ㣬ûа෴ģܵȼ
ſҡ
ڷ޾Լľ綾ҲǴ㵲ѣԼ¯һŭһѷ˫۵һ̣а˸Ȼͷһ۵Ĵ֮ϡ
ֻۣоһޱȵϢ˲ӷƵĿж˹۳ʱɢȥ޿־ǣ֮УһȻȫҲȻĻһԭʼĿ˲ͱǴӷƿжϢˡ
㣡һڵģ
ʹʱ̣ȻǱһ˿˿ж϶³ĵۣвŷơ
вѾ֮еķƣȻǲ˿ᣬǽĵĻõļаȼʢ
ǣ
ĺٶȱһͳĺڵĳӿֱͣӽеŮƵڵأѹ£ƻӶ䣬ȹ˺ѵɽڣ쳹
磬һŮܿͳ˽룬԰ΣڵɽڣһĻɫȻݣϧȴд۸

ʥŮ
ӰһȵӰԶ
վңʻգĶ˵һƬĲ
ʧˡ
Ǹ̥ƵĶҩȻЧʧ㣬ԭΪԼɱԼȴе飬֪
󣬿ѹԼϵ꣬Ҫ֣֪ΪΣȥԼһε꣬ȴˡ
ҲǺޣҲ
ߣ
ٴһǴɽƮȻȥ

ţ
ڷ󣬱ǷԼ˯ڵϣ΢΢һ㶣վɵĿΧмΧЩӿݣǷ飬ȴ벻ˣƺ֮Ƕμʧһ㡣
ףأ
ŴӶĹߣŷ߲ټ
ٺ٣
ϵЩĴǺٺٵЦз𲻺õԤУңٿЩмʱָоŨ
Сӣϲ㰡ٺ١

㶣óһۣ߳ȥɨӣȴûмǵٻӰ
ˣ
Щɻ΢΢üͷ
ٺ٣СӣʲôҲǵˣ
ϵٴδʵζʮ㡣
ǵʲô
̫Ѩһζģļֳʱһૣѵɣ

ǴЦĵСӣοռ˴ˣŮݿɲţҲũҩ䣬Ȼһ߿ݹ
⡭
Ƶ³˳飬¶һĨЦʦ˵λˣʦĸɣ
ٺ١㶮ġ
ԣ˵ЦҲͣЦõķƸ
֮ǰڵȷǶˣ
ʦô˵أ
ڷƵʣϲֻǵСӣɹɡ
ˣҲû룬ǻ֪ļλô£Ϊһˣǿ϶ġ

һڵƿʼ鿴αںϵĳɹ
ʱϾ͸ֳһĨϲ


181 һµ

һЦԭּͻأ쳹˷
ǣ
һȭɫһһɾŷķΧĻľֱӾȫ飬ʯ֡
أ
һ壬ӼӶȭͷ޻ڣֱһȭһһ˸ߵľʯ֮ϡ
飡
ȻŷȭͷΪģʯֱӾͱ鿪ʯĽܣƸǰģȫһεľֱӽ飬Ϊм¡

һȭɵЧ˿ܱȴʦ۷壬쾧ʹþնĻһҲܡ
Ȼεںϲû龳磬Ҳһ֮ͬʱӵеıܣҲ֮ǰԵܾ֮࣬Ҳֱӽ߽ףԪҲǳɱӰԾţһУɱ
ԡ
öɫˣһһԪֱӾӿ֮ڣʱһЯűܵͱŷӿ֮ϡ
꣡
ɽȻͬھһ壬ìܵģ䱩Űĳ̶ȳ˷ƵĿǰ۷ʣǸоƱЩľ
ǣ
ûԥֱһȭڵ档
̣
ŰһֱӱĽȭͷڣΧĵȭͷΪѿһɲѺۡ
һȭѾ֮ܵǰһնˡ
űǿȣƸǾϲջƣϲĵֻڻȫƿȫƿأܻһ
Σ
ϵ˳ڳ˵⣬ѣֵġ
ٺ٣
ͷٺһЦ
ҲǣԵںϾˣô֣أ
У¶ϲ֮ɫ
ǣ
һظղҲܵǹǿ˰ɣʸô
ǿǿ
ûʹκε似ۣһᣬƵüͷ
ʹ似ôƱػᱶǸʱ򣬾ͲԵˣֱǺԼȥԲеΪ
УǸǹǿ
ЩȻҡҡͷ
ȻҲȴΪ磬̤ĵزԣպҪʹþնҲܾȫˡ
ԣĿǰʣںϵԵҲû⣬ǣܵô
ϵĻͬһף׵׵Ľ
ǰò˵Ķӵʲôã
˳˼Ҳû˼·
ʦ𣡡
뵽ĳͷȻһ𣬱ٴλˡ
ô
ҲЩĪ
ʦܾĴڣΪѹ䣬ũҩ䣬ˣȻһ֪ں쾧һ㣬Ҳ׼ĺƣǣں˵ʳܲˣʱôģôģ
һͷҪڱʱͷֻǴʱȴװ׵İ˷ƵԺ
һ
ȷ˶Ǹʱģͷʱȴˡ
ʲô˵ܾũҩ䣬Ͳȱʲôˣڷˣȱһʣ
ʱ򣬷ܴ󵨵Ĳ룬ʴﵽһĵزǲǣͿƿˣ
仰˵ڵ쾧ں쾧ǲǾΪպƿ䣬һι̵Ļأ
˵
ϵһ
ûзƴʱĸܣΪںϵڶ֮ȫƿڣԣûⷽȥ룬ֱ󡭡
һ䣬ֻܾũҩô
ҲصʵǣҲЩ΢΢ĶţԣȻҲ޷ѹеļ
ǻɣһ仹ؼ
Ȼңʱ̣Ҳ⡣
۷ʱڣҲƿ䣬ȴÿζʧܶ飬ҲǲԼʳܲˣԲŲգ
ҲйĻɣֱڣȻһִ󳹴ĸо
ǰ˵ʱԼʲôҲȱΪλƿأ
ʣҲֻһ棬ǲʲôҪأ
ѵȱ˲ɣ
˵һ䣬ûƿأõķҲǻ
ֻһ룬ʲôҲȷ
ң̫ԶڸѰһټˣ֪ȱˣҲûط֡
෴ܺãǣһУֻпԼȥ


182 ĳ۸
ڷϸĴ𰸣ҲĸΡ
ǰ֪ĻҲĵ³
ǣԼȥңִӺ
ҲڻĹżڣܵõϢҲ˵
ƺ֪ʲôһ䡣
Ͼһ䣬ǻĹʱڵˣǿߺеҲǿ֮ϣվ۷崦
Ĺż
һ΢΢ҲǾ
ĿǰʵȫҲֻвڶѣڣźܴĲࡣ
·ʱҲ֣һʱ䣬ͻǾû⣬ֻҪЩſ⣬ǻȱɱﵣ
Ӧȥһˡ
˼ҲǾ
Ȼ⺶ʳӦòõʲôϢǣԴϴη󣬷ƾȥʶʶҲõĻܵõһЩġ

˶ֽţ˻ͷЩ̫ңԶγԴų˿Ŀ⿴Զ΢΢𣬡ȥɡ
£ҲǾúܶԲˣ˼һɫŮӣô
޲簡
ԼһڣƱǳָȥ

ߣҲ֪Լôģ˵飬δЩ̫ǣǿˣദ˼죬Ҳû˵䣬ǲܲʲôġ
ʱ䳤Ǿ˵ˣߵòӹɣȻɣɫ㣬ҲֻţֻҪ˶䶯ġ
һ·ϣƵĶ̸ǧɽΪҲ˵һλصǿɱ˺ɣ쾧ƲǣǿеĶʦ
ѯʣƲ֪ԭԼߺһ߽׶ʦΪԼϺõɻѣʦΪҪô
ȫ˰죬ڣһΪӴĳгڷƵڡ
ֻһǣģСһҲСⲻҲõķ΢΢п
ߵ֮ǸߵҲԭģ˼ǸʵʦѾܲǿˣ⣬㲻ʲôˣ

˿˶ЩƱǳų˹ȥ
˼ңǽ뵽˳ڡ
ʣۼôߣ
һӣΪʵ
ʱ߾ô˵ģ˵ĸգҲûʶģϾȻ٣дڵġ
ۼң
ɨһһֵָһֱߣȻת߶·ܿ۸ˡ
Ŷллλ硣
΢΢һЦӹ˹֣˳ָķȥ
۸
ҲΪ֮ϻ˽ߣ룬Ƕûطˡ
վס
һſڱǱʦĻ
߹ģ鷳λͨһ
£ҲЩΣҲֻӲͷƤˡ
ߣ
֣һͫھȻ¶ɫ
ʣǷշ磿
һѹе𶯣Ϊʵ
ţơ
¶Ц˵ͷ
ȻǷƹӣɡ
֮⣬ûȥֱͨ÷ƽ븮ڡ
ȻϳƴҲǲµӦ߽˰ɡ
뵽˸ں󣬷ƱǾã۸ڵպǹŹ֣ԵĻԼҲηĿ⣬ʮֲ⡣
ѵˣ
һɫЩҵɫֱӾ
뵽һλϣһӣ۾ϵ̫ѨһܿյӣԣһܼұϹϾվϿϲŭ֡
ƹˡ
뵽˴һ
ţ
ԭĿ˼ƺӲźۼĲ˲ֱӾվ
۲
Ȼɻı֣ƻǺܿĴк
繫ӡ
ӦһһȻȥ
۲
ǰЩǵĿ
߿УѾǸжˣȫƾһΪѹƣһȻǺܲǷҲóȷȶ
Ϊɣ
ˣͶл繫ˡ
ķҪΪԼⶾ΢΢һ˿ϲݹȥ
ڸӽⶾĳ棬һվڲ˵ĹܼľګϣһĨ⣬˷Ƽָֻۣľګ
һʱڵȶǱ׵⣬Ҳ֪ĴмôأԵüΪ
Ľˣıˣ
һԵЩ״ΣһԵܼ˼ƽ
лƹӡ
Σڿֿĸм
Ǻǣ֮Ͷѡ
ɵĻӣһԵܼҵҲ΢΢˶


183 ׽Ӱ
۸ĿڣЩ죬رÿοǸɫľګĹܼңƾ͸оǳıŤӿ˼䣬ǿʵ۲߹ûڸϣСһ棬˳㡭Ǹ
⡭
һ⻰ϵЦǽĿ˼Σɫ΢̾һƹӣʵСŮʱڸϡ
ڸϣ
ԭɫЩ̻̲ķƣɫֱӾתɴ㵡
û
ӵ˵ͷ˵СŮһֻ˵˷ƹӻҽⶾȻִҴҵĳȥˡ
⡭
ƵĿζе׷ʵ߹û˵Ҫȥģ
һŮӣ£ȻҳߣΣյźţԽ룬ƱǵҲЩꡣ
ģܼҶЩ΢㶣ڶǳһЩ졣
û˵
ӳҡҡͷ
ô
ƶʱЩˣﲻ߶ţ죬ͣʵûʲô
ԣ
üͷ۾һУ˵ԵԻ
ԵԻ
飬ƼƽɨһЩͣǿãԻ³˳۸
ٴһԺƲųųſȥ

˳⣬ûֵĳƲ˿üʣȥˣ
̫ûȷλãҪһˣڴ롣
ٺ٣
ϵЦ˳ЩĵСӣԼŮӵȥ
ţ
һ㶣ʵʦѵ֪
˵ţҲһĨڴ
һʦŮӣһ⣬ģȷǷŲˡ
ţԷЩ֡
˵;Բᷢ
ٺ٣Сӣǲڹң
ƺ֪˷Ƶ뷨һ㣬ֱӾ˵˳

ɫ΢Щڨڨ
Ͼ˶Լռˣ˿ʲôôҲûõ
Сӣ˵ǸŮӵݲ򵥣ѵˣ
˵Ҳ
ݣ
һǰȻָղų۸ڵһĻһѵ
ߣũҩ㻹ΪκεǸСŮޣûҩ䣬ͻΪһѿݹˣ
һЦҸ㣬ҲҪһƤ
⡭
ɽڵҲ֣֮ƵһѵǶʦ
ǰһֻǻɣȷǸŮνİӰħ̵ˣ
ϵĻͬըһڷԺбըõӣҲһ
һ˵һ˼·ǧɽΪλָ߽׶ʦΪԼϺ󣬳۸͹Ĺϵ˺ܺõĽ͡
ô˵Ѿעˡ
Ƶ¶һĨЦ
˰Ӱħ֮󣬸죬۽ⶾ֮;ԼƺѾ˺ܴ鷳
ȶȻ֪ʲôȴҪҩ֮ĳҩɼֶҩѾǼĲ򵥡
԰Ӱħ̵£ֱӾ뵽ĪȶǰӰħȸ·ǿɱﵡ
Լȴ¶ľͽ˻еȶ⣬϶Ӱħ̵Ĺע
㻻ԼҲã϶ˣǳģӰħȴûԼɱ֣ȻߵĳҲ˽͡
ضǰӰħ̵ĸ߲㣬пܾǵƳȶˣ֮һֱûɱԼҪۿԼⶾǣҲûԤϰ·оȻ¡
֮ͨ󣬷иǿɬ
İɣ£Ӱħ̶ʱӦǲ鷳ˡ
ϴֵ˵ţ㣬ӦҲҪ룬ҹƣСŮ޵ڰӰħ̻ͦߵģʱɽûɱ㣬϶Ͳһٵɱ㡣
Ǻǣ
ƿɬҡҡͷζĪ
ô˵ҲԼһŮˣңҲǼӵľԼһĪУҲô׾ͷµġ
˵СôģСŮ˭ҪںϲڰӰħ̣ʵֱȥ˲͵ˣ
Ƶ裬ֱӾ˷ϵһѵ⡣
ȻĲңƻǾ˵ĺܺõЦһʦ𣬶л
ٴһ۳۸ķ򣬷ûлȥ֤ʵĴ㣬֣óĹżĵͼ֤һ򣬱ֱӳŻĹżķȥ
ҪʵҪе㣬쾧侧ؾ㣬żڶУ


184 ۵ķ
ѤĻٻ뿪״죬˱ǣвʵ裬һ֮ٻУһλĵŮһ˫ĵ۾񣬶Ŀĳþòܻ
ʥŮ
һŽµŮһԶĻ
ĵŮӷδһ㣬ûа˿ķӦǴţֱŮž˹
ô
ֻһۺŮӣߵɫҲָ䡣
ʥŮϢ
ŮӲ̧ͷޱȹ˵ţǸȥ۸ˣʮĳǰһʱͽ֮ˡ
Ŷһʱô
Ӧһ˼ƮԶ֪ˣȥɡ
ǣ
һŮƮȻߡ
Ǻǣ֮һʱˡ
߲ЦĿ⿴ʣƮ롣
㣬Ҳ֪ǶԻǴ

ĹżԻĹ£ÿһʳԼһĹżżڵĸԴҲһʳĸ
Ȼ˵ʳڵ⴦ż½ЩżܱȣǣʳҲǷǳˡ
ĹżһƬĵΪĻĹǿߣЩƮľ޾µݻǻΪС֣ȻǱضǣżھֳֵҲȽƵ
ȻֲȻǾ֣ӵлĹѪħޣÿһͷӵлĹѪħޣ˵ӵ˺ѵ֮ܣѰΨ·һ
ȻвǾ֣ˣ
һƬ˳˵ĵشˣһΨͼֻ֮Ҫ£Ǿͻɣκݡ
ʲô鶼ᷢݣκεıϣֻʵһУ
漣ľǿߣ£һСˣһİŻԱܵõ档
ȻΪ棬֮ɱǳе£ʱǻΪһҥԶɱŰɱ뱻ɱǳе¡
ȻʢĲǸ߽似Ҳ쾧ǲҩȵȣǣ侧ִļƷϡ
ΪĹǿߵľƬԪ棬ԣżÿһأп侧
ⲻһջʵڵģ
ԣԪȽϳĵҲСɸռˣȻʵԽǿģռĵȻǸá
ΪʢеģǶʯ
侧ǼģԣЩһ취ǽһ龫ƵʯгɴС飬˾۰Լڣȡңɫõģֱȡ侧
⣬׬⣬Ȼ˿ĳ侧ǣǱϾңÿοҲһˡ
֮кܶ˴׬ģǿһͨҲ൱侧һƷ׵Ǽ۸һ飬͹ӡ
ȻֻĹżϵһԱֶΣ˵ҲǱȽϰȫġ
Ȼȴѡ񱻿Ĺء
Щ˵ĹأŵĻ޾֣ͱһЩǿˣͷģȻҲȡˣȻһЩεĽ䣬۵ĵطҲԳ˸߽似ƷȵƷ
֮ĹżһƬس漣ĵ

ǰһƬߣҲй죬һƣһֵȥݣûмƽģƣҲɵģƺǾսĺġ
ǻĹż
ǰľһ۵ķҲȡͷ¶һ
ȥ۰ǰɣкġ
ϳѵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷĹżҲһ֪ȥ۰ǻǺбҪġ
̤żڣƱǾЩһϢռƺЩʲôңԪҲҪŨࡣ
һɶ˹õķüͷͷ˹ȥԶһĻȴǲɵ÷һЩ֮С
һһŮʬǰʮ״ʬ嵹ûôãʬ屻ҧ̳Եĺۼǳԣ˵ʬ嶼һԴȱԵ룬ҲԳѵĴСҲһءŮ˵ͷ­Եһ룬һ黹ڣҰ׵ͷǸһЩëš
ģƺǱħҧɱġ
ĻҲɵСϾڻĹżΨһȫ򣬾ֻо۰ǡ
ûʱһ㴫˹ǰȥ㷢ߴӰ˳ɫΪơ
ƵģЩݵһ׳촽˵۵ķ򡭡


185 
ĹżȻһƵء
ļ˲ģҲô£ɫһ΢ˡ˸ղųǸϰ׳Ҳɫơ
ߵΪߴƤ΢ڣϳ˺ӣϿһλεĳǵϣһЩѪ
мˣ໹ǱȽ˹ĵģϵ֮ɫȴһ㲻
龳磬Ǹ˹ĵĸѾ۷壬ڣҲֻһ֮
ֻ΢΢ӦƱжϳ˵ʵûڣҲ΢΢ɡ
СӣǮƶ㲻
м˹ӣĮĳŷƺǳ
ٺ٣һδɵСҲҵҲֻǰ̵һý֪ѶˣܱȻϵĲ͵ѧˡ
ұǸҲϷʵ˵ţǸųĴȴһһ˫΢΢ȤĿŷơ
Ǽǣֻʮ꣬ȴ⼸˳ֺһֱֳ򶨵ӣû϶·ӣҲûйǮơ
ô
üͷЩζ
һ·ϣ·ٵķҲֹһ෴ģÿջΪḻ
ڼΪ㵵Ŀ£ưɫɭĵ٣еĲȻٺ٣
˻ʱеһ㶣ǷӦ˹һɫҲ
СӣҶòһЩģ
ʱǸߴĺӵԲŵ۾Ǻɫĳﻺòš
ٺ٣һζɵĴʦȻ˵⻰ϺЩˣ
ǰϷʵЦϷһĨѪɫ˫දŷƱƽ˹
ţһϡ
мĳ˹ĵӵûж£ȻתзԸϺڣܡ
û⣬磬ԲСܵġ
ǰشȻ¶һĨ֮ɫֱӾͳŷƳȥ
ǣ
ı׳ǳһĮĻȣֻһѹڵıڶһһ֮ϡ
飬ȭԣӭٰΧˣƵͺһһ壬˷˹ӲĿ£Ǹȥ
ٺ٣С𣿡
ǸƳԼ˹ɵЦһֻ˫ֳצ״ʮָϷżâʮɭӡ
ϺڣСġ
Ǹ˹ĵӣķζЦ⣬ȴǲ֪ΪΣﷺһ˿ĸоѵ
ǣȴ̫ˡ
أ
һһСȭͷֱײһ𣬾ȻɫȭͷӴ˲ͱġ
ߣ
һŰʧһ˲䣬âһ۽һȭڰ֮ϡ
飡
عѵֱ𣬰ֱȥȻ屻ɣصײһʯ֮ϣҲһѪ
Ϻڣ
˷һΪǷֿʱȴǾʮʮ׵ľ룬ûüԮֻؿǰƽһźɨͷ­֮ϡ
һ˲䣬Ⱛû˶Ϣˡ
֣ţСĵ㣬һϸ㶨
˹ɫһԸϹĳΪţųĸ߸ѵ
Ȼһ֣Ѿõǹ˼
Сӣúܲң
Ǹ󺺿ȥİϱʹ֮ɫһ漴ŷԹ˵
һľãѾ˸飬Ǽһֱ׼ר䵥֣Ǵûʧ֡
ǳĵһ쿪ʼӦ뵽˳ôһ졣
¿һۣջ߳ĳȣе˵ţвһ¡
ֿ۾ĿİһۣͻȻָ֮һöָ΢һЦɨһۣƤһ
۵ĽָڣȻ侧һЩɢĸҩ
渻
ưͣٿ֮ʱиǴһ˿ζĿ˵š
ȴǹ⼤ŭԷԷԽǷŭԽʧȥжԽ
ϾԷǿߣҷҪһ𹥻ԷҲʮֵĲģ
⻰Ȼ˵ɫѿޱȣֻ˵ģбٵʱ
ǸߴĴ󺺣ǲȻŭ˫۱ó죬龳Ԫ籡еĳͬһεĻȼһ㡣
ţҪ嶯
ķһȻģ˹һס˸ߴ׳


186 ư
ϴôˣ
ĺߴ׳عͷɻʵ
С̫죬ҿСĵá
˹˸ķƵĺԵЩԥˡ
ߣҲŲܣҪϺڱ𣡡
׳һתеĳǳŷ˹ȥ
죬Ƶ΢΢
׳еǰѳ㲻ҲͨеļƷˣҲҴ⣬նҲ
Сģ
ͻȻʾԼģƱһ΢ƿ۾һǿһϸСĺâԼ
âٶ죬ת֮ǰ΢ƾܱܣԻûȫӦʱѾʼܷӦ
һǡǡܹ˾ޱȵһǰ㡣
ǵâڷƵϷ־Ŀӹ侪գƻŵһɸô̼ζ
âûлзƣȴһǰʬ塣
꣡
̶ʬֱӾͱʴһ̲ˮ΢عһâѾֱӳ£
ӲѾˣһ࣬͵һ׳һ
ͣ
ϣ׳һʮ׳ڲ׵Ѻۣƣķз㤡
ߣ
һһĵ棬ɾԾ
ն
һɭͬĹâ˲仮ֱ׳󱳡
ţСģ
˹ӵеһСԲͲԪ˸һУ£ƿ
ʱ׳ҲӦ˹гԶֻƺȻθһƵģеĳӶ䣬һƵ쳹
һһУ˵ļй£һҲΣյ˼¡
ΣУתƶȻת˷򣬽бڵ棬ӷڶֱӭ˹ӡ
ն
ľӭУȻȻŰ˹Ӵ㵵Ŀ£Ѫէ֣˱ն룬һ˫۾ɵԲӾֱӷּң£Ƶµ棬ѾĲˡ
磡
һգתͷߴ׳ǼԼĴѾְ룬ԭȥζȻͣס޺޵ĵ˷һۣһ˫Ԫ˫ŷ΢΢һӱǸ
˱ɱȻһǻŭȴҲ⣬վڵϵ꣬ɫҲЩŤ
С֣ҵţҳưﲻô˵ģ
ºݻ˫һչʹߡ
ողתͻȻ˫һɣؿڿȥһϤĶð˳ţ˫ֱɢˤ
ȻȥǸӶţҲ÷ĸй˼ɡ
Ĺż齨ɣƱڼڣڣȴǷĿǰǲġ
ǰȥٸһˮڼʱɣȻûһ˿ԥͣ٣

΢΢˿öָƲŻ˿
һɨɫһϲ
ĹżϻĽٷˣĻһĸǸߴ׳Ľָڣƿ侧ҩԼڲ顣
Ǹ˹ӵĽָĶõȡ
߿侧һ龹ȻЯ߿侧ҩҲ꣬һ˸ɫݴڡ
ѵϡ伶
ƴϲһڡ
ʲô
֣˳
ҲûǣϲӨ⣬ȴ˵ǲͬġ
һͨˡ
ϳΪ
Ŷ
һʦѵҪϾˣܴô
û
ϸ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ⶫ̫ҲƷˡ
Ʒ
΢΢ЩʧöָƷȫԼĽָڣǽָڵϡ
ʱһҵĽŲǴ˹߰˸˵ӡ
ϻƣ
Ǳɰߵ˹ӣһӾһ
ľһҲԥһ򣬱ǼӶȥ
ߣɱҳư˾ߣ
м䣬Ϊ׵ǸŻµӥĺһһӣ༸˽Ծڿն𣬳ŷ׷˹ȥ
ƿͷҲһأΪǸӥӵϣĸо뻪һϢҲ˵ӥһǿߣ
Ŀǰǲģοȫ飬ԷҲһܴв


187 ַ
ৣৣৣ
һɫӰڵٵţڰգ˫չ
СӣӲģϽͣ
׷һҪʬΣ
Ƿ׷׳ǳ⣬һĪôˣȻ׷һǴʦ꣬˳ȥǶҪżϻˡ
ǵвδţҧأһӡ
Сͣ£
ǷϵȻ֪Ƿƻͣ
˲ẦԼ
ܿģ㱻Χ
ٺ٣˰ɣ
СӼֱǲˣȻɱҳưˣ
ԹԵɣ
һӣϴЦŷ۽˹
ΧƵƽųԼ߽ļˣһ۵ƣµϾ£
ƱЩܲסĶһ͹˳ҧأǹɾʹһֱӴ۵
ٺ٣ˣڵϾС
ͻأģϵִ˳ƺһЩϷ֮⡣
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ҲûԥǼ˲Ŀ£һ͵նǰĵϡ
¡
Ԫľնֱնڵ棬ʱǱŷһıըӳ֣ѺӣʯĽȥƵҲǹɾ׷˳ȥ
СѵǷ˲ɣԲУ
˵
ɵƣҲǺΪԾӥҲƤֱ
𣡡
ǲ֪֮ʣһ޺쳹أͬװõһĿⶼǿ֮
أ
쭷ϯһӴӰǳ֮ϡ
һͷλޣҵϣһĺƣɲǣĻϣһ˫ڵʮ׳ľ޴ÿһεȶǶһ쭷硣
ħ
˫ֳ˱ӣӥɫ䣬ǰĲӲͺ˰벽
ʲô
֣Աߵ˶һڸֱ¶ηɫ
ޣ˵ĹżϵףӵлĹ޵ѪƾѪԶԶǿ֮ϣûܺǵĴڣ˵ûл޵ĴڣôĹżͱڿˡ
ưǰɣߣ֮һ£պлᣬǻټģ
Ǿ֮ʣĮǣûԥԾԶȥ
ӥҲȥ׷Ǻħȴһֱ
ߣ
ףͷħʵԼ֮ϣӲûеڶ·һǶԼ£ɿĳӷɶȥ
ӥ䣬Ҳˣ׷𣬳Ÿȥ
𣡡
ħȻŹЩԼεļһϵ˫һֱӻһڵ硣

һǻצһ߽׵ӱֱӱ̤ϸ飬Ϊһ̲Ѫȥ
Ӷǰ죬ںħ¡
ļһ´һҪʬΣ
ŶԴĲҽӥдޣȴҲûһͷתʧ١

Ҳ֪˶ãֱƸоΧĻƺЩ죬ͣΡ
λ
֣óŵͼϣŵͼϳɫ̲סһ顣
ħڻôһţŲ·Ѿ˺ɫΣ򣬶ңôƺҲѾΪˡ
ɫǾ޳ûΪƵ򣬶ЩͼϴǸżϽĴڣڣȴѾ뵽һɫڲȻɫûнصĴڣҲǷСʦ㴳ġ
ʦôң
ٺ٣ˡ
ڨڨЦ˳ңСż˵ʲô
⻰Ǻݺݵĳ˳顣
ô죿
ѹеĿŭһһٵʵ
ô죿߳ȥ¡
ֱˣõķֱۡ
˵ĵɣ
ȴҲûİ취ˣУֻв˲ŻôںɫΧڣҲķУңƻû龳磬ܷɣֻߣ
ãǳư˷ʮ侧ټϻʣµ飬㻹ʮ侧㵽ʱ˻޾֣Ҳܳ֡
ֻˡ
ԱһͼϵķλƱСĳž۰ǵķȥ
һ·ϣΧ޴ɿӣ֧Ĵأһľ
ﵱ굽Ƿʲô£
õĵƱΣɽӵתܣǾƲһġ
˴ԼʱңһַڷƵǰõͣ˽Ų


188 
ǰһƬϹַ۶ϵʯƵשߣĽõһЩϢ
ʲôط
ԶԶվţҲ߽
ʲôСֵģÿһżҲϰٴַֻǻĹĹѡ
ɻ󣬷Ľ͵
Ŷ
ӦһһĨ⣬ʦ氲ȫô
ͷ۷ľ֡
ӵĽָӨ˸ϵƮ˳
۷壿
һ𣬶ϱ¶ֺõЦ⣬ʦ𡭡
ǣ
һôȷȥĵ·ޣ

˵Ļõķͷ΢΢һѣʵһۣǴȥ
Ͼϵ侧ɾġ
˻
ʱǲƹһ˫ĵһ˻˳
һͷ³˸ľ֣ªޱȣһ˫ϸС۾˸ĵ̹⣬ֱֱŷƣټ΢΢ſһǶɢĹӡ
꣡
ŴӹڻгĻιǳ˳顣
Сรɡ
˵䣬һ龧Ө͸侧ʹӽָڸ˳ʮ飬ƯڷƵΧţϵĹӽָһӨŷʱһ侧תһ侧ȫ¶˳
˻
ξС۾У˻һֱԾ𣬳ŷ˹
󣡡
ǶĵĶ˹ϵϣͬ쾪װ쳹ΧĿռҲ΢΢һΧһЩɽʯֱӱ飬Ϊĩ
ʱǵľڰվͣΣһ˫ĵС۾ЩɻĿŷƣԵЩɲ

ͣ΢΢˿
侧ϵһγ֣˹ҪΪֵˡ
ţһ£ͬʱҲ˵ʵе㤡
ֻһǳѣѾ۷ľ֣룬˵Ϊжֲ
һ侧ȫΪͬˮһ㣬ڷƵһۿɼ
ٺ٣
ɾ㲻ĻιϵЦ͸¶һ˿⣬ָСӶһ龫ˡ
ȻѾ޿ɱ⣬ʮ侧ȡһöˣټӹһۣҲǾúΪ⡣
¡¡
ֻ־ΧĿռѾֱֻܲ۵Ĵһ㣬ŷһװ죬ޱߣΧһиǱɷĩ
⻺ֱۣξڿ־ˣӴһ󶶶ȾҪߡ
ߣ
Ķϵг˲мֱһֻľ޴˳ȥ磬ֱӾͽξץС
˻
ţз˻һ˫С۾ȫǾš
ͣ
͵սξֱӱѣһɫС꣬ȳζҲӿ
ѵľԵľˣ
ϷâӣҲΪϲ
û
ϵ˳õķϵϲɫѾ
ʦôˣ
Ƶǵʵ
Ȼϴǧɽڣ͸оЩˣȴûԣõķз
Ǻǣû¡
ЦЦõģϢһʱͺˡ
Ŷ
ӦһҲûκΰ취ף֮ԻӦںķӨԵʡ
ϴڻɽҲǣȻηƸǿˡ
ǾʲôҪβ䣿
üͷ
ƺ֪룬˵Ǵ˳һ˵ľϸ˵ǲܲġ

һʵʦǲ˾ˣ
ĸֻΪһĵزľܱᴿ
ǻˣôȥľܻĻָǷϡ
ţƲɵĸΪ
Ǻǣõģˡ
˹ɣȴ÷Ƴصת
ľӹǰޱȵۺ񣬵ǣõ£ǿĳЩֻɢؼˡ
һҪҵ취侫
Ȼ˵Ѿ¶˾ģͬʱպ󣬻Ǿ˳ˣΪÿһεĳ֣Ƕǵͬٵĥ˵
ˣȥɣ뿪Ƭ򡣡
ѣƻ˻ǴĹŹַȥ
ÿһש߶Ǿ޾ĻĹ£ӴĹַͬʱҲ˵ŻĹĻԻ͡
ӴĹ㳡мǧ֮㳡ϣмʮӣһѺۣڹ㳡ϵÿһשϡ
Ϊϵѣûж۲죬ֱӾ߽Ƶڲ


189 
УĻһȳζü䣬ƻ˽
һδ֪ĴҲѻ˲שߣΧǽҲǵ˸żʮ󶴣õҲ˽
Щ⣬ܹЩƵǽϣ̻һߴӰȻ˵ĲЩӰЩ
һƤϸľֱ죬ƺͱһ㣬֦ΧһƲʣԵľĸ߶ȣһľͬһһ㣬֣ľľ˼׳˶
ȻЩѾƣֹ鶯ǸһױȵӾõͬڻĹŴһ㡣

۾ƼٵĴϢţϻ䡣
Щʲô
ܣȫ·ⶶţֵļƽ
ĹǷʲô飿
⴦ַĹģ⹬ڵľ󣬷ܹжϵĳǰӦüΪԻͲǣѺۣǽڵ𣬶˵⵽˻ԵĴ
Щ飬ڵΪ֪ģң֪˶Ҳûô
ϵ˳ԵĺΪء

ҲûȥӣһȽĶϱȥ
ľ·ÿһޱȵǳУֱ֣ӳǰһ㡣
ѹеļ¶һ֣ĸȥ
ûرĸоһƽǽڣֻģȴǸойֱӾõһˬԭЩƣӣҲ˲ָ
ţ
о΢΢㶣һܾһĲʱǸоǹ뵽Լ֮ϣ˳ŽԼڡ
ô
ӣڵ״õķΪ֮һ
һɫ˿ߣһ뵽ڣֱӾ͸ԪУ뵽Ԫ֮µ֮ڣһССû뵽֮ڣټһ㡣
ãҲûκεı仯ҲΪƽûΪӦ
ʦ𣿡
ͷҲ֪ô£̷ֻϡ
ô
ãϵǴ˳
ʦ𣬸ղǵô£
ЩΪڴʵ
ʲô
˵гɻ

΢΢һ㶣͵Ǹղǽյǹ
ǽڣ
Ҳ㶣죬ŵǽʲôⲻܵġ
ģ
Щˣ͵ҷŸӦ֮󣬱ڣǹֱӾͽС
У
ҲǾ÷ƲڳѣϵҲб仯ô
ѣһڡ
Ԫûһ˿ı䶯ǻתţң˸žӨɫ£һޱڵУͬһڶ޵ף񣬿ˣƾȥ˵Ĵ
ûС
۲Щʧҡҡͷ
ȷһ壿
ٴصʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷȻǵȷУҴҵĸоƺƺǿƻĸо
ûԪУ
ûС
ҡҡͷƺԪݲ
˿͸Ԫеʱ򣬷ָоԪоϵĺˮҶΣȻڻƯϣǣͶһʯͷȻͻȥ˿Ͷǿʯͷ
ȥǽԡ
ЩΪٵĴߴ١
⻰ƱǳһϱȥƵǽϣãҲûио˿Ĳ
ûС
Щɻҡҡͷ
ԡ
˵£ϱڣûǰ˿Ĳ
ⲻܰѵǴ
мϱڸǱǰǿ黹ҪƣȴҲûǹⲻõķƻˡ
ĿɨܣڹǴ̨֮ϡ
Ҳ⴦ߵĵطΧʯǽڸһ
Ҳ֪ΪΣƾôʹ˹ȥȳζŨƺǻξֵ̾ᴦƵĵϣ˶ĵҺۼ
üͷס˱ӡ
վڸ̨ǰϡԴŵжϳһ͵Բ̨Χɢʯǻɣǲһ͵ĵܣ
۲һΪɾĵ棬ӡȥ


190 鷳
ƵĹڣĴǽש߶ѻѣҲǹ֮ϣһź۵꣬ķȥһֻΪ׾ӡڳһ̦ĵϡ
ı۾ʱƵ۾˿ţӿһɿϲ֮ɫ
ʦ𣡡
ҲЩ
ϣָоһ֮ǰǶϱһڣңǰļ֮ࡣ
ôѵӦˣ
˵䣬һӨӨ֮ʹӷöӵĽָ˳̦ĵ档
ƺľԵӵľԵܡ֣ôĴڣ
Ҳɻѡ
Ȼַ֪˻Ĺ£˵һжᱻĥǣµǵȴʵĴڣңҪжϲǵʲô
֣֣
ʱ󣬷жϲ࣬ƺľԣǣȴǶһЩĪĶڣǶĶǷûӴġ
ʦʲô
Ө˽ָڣЩȲʵ

ҡҡͷҲǳɻ
⡭
ԣҲΪ֮һ
Ҳ֪͸ˡ
ϳǵţȻͬǱհɣָԺó
ܾӿ룬͸ԪУû֮ڣͬڶһУε˳˼ÿһϱڸӦ֮˳ȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôãԲ򵥣
˻Ĺ¾Ȼɢ룬в֮
߳⹬ַСţзϵѣҲڸ޾ȥ
һ·ܿЩ̾أž۰ǷǰţȻ·ȫһ

ҹϷǵ׺ɫ¹£ĹżڸԻһɲɣϢʣƺͬһ㡣
޺𣬳˱ϢϯȫĲоֳûҹǳ֮⣬ǹ֮
ĹʢʧһţʱΪδսûףЩƵĹεĵƣǿߵ䣬˵˵귢˼ǻصĴս
ĶЩ޵ĺҲз㤣һʯԱͣһһһΪεɽʯ֮¡

Ĵ˿¶һĨ⡣
ҹ뾫ƺǰǰİҹ·ĻĻ޵ļʿǺܸߵġ
ⲻǷҪģʵ˼ӵĻᶼûС
óһտõĵ⣬ǳ
ǰĳ޵⣬ȡ䳤ǣʱôõĵ⣬ȴûоԼӵ˿ҲûƬƬҲûõߡ
룬ǲƬǵһǾն˿δ𣬿ɼ֮ߡ

һͬ˳θسˢžڡ
֡
ָ˻Ƥоûеõ΢΢Щʧ䣬ҡҡͷȥĬĬܾ
Ϣһ飬Ǹо龳ǽһ
ţ
ҹ֮УȻ۾һһЩ΢ƿԼӹʱԾһ
ûϢʱ䣬Ӱ⴦ʯ򣬷ƸҲסˣӽֱҲҶһ¡
⼸Ϣ̫ˣƣӦõΪӦòڲǣңһͬһ嫺һ㣬ʮֵĿֲ
ǶȥˣûУ
һΪĲϵУĳʱܲѾڷŭıԵˡ
ӦǴܽ˲Ŷԡ
Ƕٶ̫ˣס
ôģ˾ûеڶλˣ
ҲЩ仵Ī
⼸Ͳ󡣡
ĺ⼸һǼһͬĺӰһһܣֱԼڱ˹ΪЩڣҲҶţǸоڶһȵ΢΢һ
ʲô
ʱһҲҶֻһֱš
ǶȷﾭʱӦǶˣ
һΪ
ߣô
ϵ쳹˻õķƴв
Ȼ
ҺƽƬһҪҳ
Ųϵһ£ƬʯĴһ¡ʯļ֮


191 ׬
¡

쳹ʯҽһʯ֮顣
һϵڰϣһ˫۾â˸·һУӰǽԵһʯֱӺ飬ƺѰʲô
ŶԲϴĺ죬һ󷢿ࡣ
ְ֮
ţǶԻĪĶһݷȻ档
ٶȿ㣡
ϵǴߴٵԵЩżʱ¡ǿٵ쳹һЩʯڷϡ
ûԪңһЩʯҲܰô
¡ԽԽƵҲð亹ؽҧ۾Ҳһǰ˵л޵ĵ
໺𣡡
һ޺ԶԶĴ˹ͬף쳹ʱżϵ޺ȫƽϢȥżƺ
׷ˣ
ľ޺ɫʱͱһƬࡣ
ģûҵô
ż˵һӽӽ޺ӳ˳飬ϵһ˿ʡ
ˣߣ
ӰǸһͬĳӶȥ˿ͣ
ɼǶǵˣҲǼΪ¡

˵˿ĨĨϵĺˮڵľ»ûɢȥ
СӸϽӣ
֮ʣϵٵԺţöӵĽָӿһӨ⣬Ӱ
ûԥһܲͳЩ෴ķ˳ȥ˲û뵽˺ڰ֮С
໺𣡡
뿪Űʱ䣬һӴӰǽƬѾҲʯ
¡
ӴӰ£ʱҵҲѿһĿѺۣʯ䣬
ף²˴Ƭɫ¹£ɭĹ󣬳˵βɨ䣬Ǵɽʯ
һ˫â˸˸ͬյСһ㣬ӳıͷΪˡ
໺𣡡
ĺ³ΧʯֱӾͱɷĩ
¡
һβڴأʱؾֱӱѣƬʯһβ֮Ϊƽء
һ˫Ĵɨܣټıǿ΢΢ʶţڷƲǸλãٴʶͷһ˿Ī̱ǻ˼ŭ
໺𣡡
쳹һл޾ȫȫԭأҲҶһ£һ˫˫ȫǱ֮
һйΧĵҲǱͷ޻ٵĲֱ࣬ŲʵĿһ뿪ϸǶľ޴ӡ
һ·ϣڷϵָ£ƶЩ޵Զľ޺ٶȸǼӿࡣ
ʲô
ҸطҹҲǳᣬرǶڴ뻳Уë׵Ī
ûб¶ȻԼֻ·һ
ٺ٣öСˣ
ΪĴ
ˣ
ǳ˳飬ޣĺˣٵã
ϣСӻڸв֪ǵ͵ĵ˱˻ԡ
һ䣬޷޵ĴСӣ֪㻳еʲôô
֪
΢΢һ󣬲ҡͷ󷽵ľ޺ٴδ˼룬Ǽӿ˲ֱ޺Żٶ
ʲô
֣ŽԼؿλõĶ˳
۵ģһŰëܸɾָҲΪõ̲סٴ
أ
۵˳Ҳƣõԭ˵ķһºëһ
ţǼŵë׵ϣһ˫ˮĴ۾һųŶ̶̵ķС죬ǳСС
Ȼţ㻹Ϣ
ϳЦõķƵɫֱӺ
꣡
ǳ˳飬۾΢΢ǲĿë׵Ķ
ѽ
СƺĶԣë׵СԴһ˫ˮĴ۾޹Ķŷƣиǿɰѽ
֪ΪΣеǹȥϵľ΢Сһѿ˽ȥؿڣҲ

˿Ʋʵʦⶫʲôѵạ̊́
뵽⣬۾һ
֮ǰ޺Ǽ
꣬λ׬ˣ
û
ϵ˵ͷΪпԣС˹ʺˣ
ٺ٣
ͷǰķȻֱӻϲá


192 С
ޣӵлĹѪѪ˺أڻ£½Ҳû˸ȥǡ
˶٣ֵǣͬʱӵлĹѪǣҲһ׶ˣǾǼλ͵ģֻи߽׵Ļޣһļ̡
Ŷ
ԣдϲҲԽԽ
ԼУǲһͷʵĸ߽׻ޣ
ߣ
ĵ⣬Ϸ˷ۣһ͵ޣĻ޸ѱǣѱ޵̣ȴһļʵġ
ʦҪأ
Щеʵ
һ뵽֮ǰǵ޺оѾѾ
ޱԸ˲øУпܣȻʲôҲǶǰ׷ѡ
øУ
һ㶣ſؿڵСӲ˳С˫۾޷޲ƽĻζ˫Сǰ㣬Լʾ

Сǿɰģʱֶָдõһġ
и뵽ԺⶫҲͦġ

ϵֱӺǳѾ˺øУҪֺȻˣͿްɣ
ֺ
ŴͣĿϲڵСǲ˳顣
ղŵˣھҪֺãǶޣҲǾͦεġ
ţǸ㣬Ļûսġ
ϵ˵ͷֵ
ûսѾˣСһٶǼ죬սǷëţ
ٶȾҲ׷ϣսȴһҲ磬ò˵൱Ĺ찡
ջֱۣһֶֻСһֻĸƤëʱõСһ۾Ҳˣõķֱп
Ҳ̫ƭ˰ɣ
ʦҪô̿ٳɳأ
޵ĿҲȷ̳ɳҲҪʮϰʱ䣬Ȳ𰡡
ҪɳԪУҲסϢһֶΣ
Ͻ͵
Ŷ
ԣ۾һܾһԪǾ뵽Сһڡ
ѽ
ʱСſǷ۵С죬ѽһСϣԵļΪ泩
ι
һ仰ϱǳȥ
š
Ӧһһ˫۾ֱֱСϸĹ۲Ķ̬
һһԪ˹ȥСһССһ޵׶һ㣬ףƺٶ࣬Ҳһ
ĸܣ÷С
˵ʻͦƵģ룬һڡ
֪ܳܲ
һǿһСԪӿɫ֮ڣʱһӿ뵽֮ϡ
СĿһСƹȥʱСһŵ۾˿ŵķƸϽͣ˶
ѽ
ûԪСһˮĴ۾ɻĿѽƺΪʲôһ
û£
һ㶣ٿһСƱ˹ȥ
ѽ
Сһ۾΢΢Ųӣƺһʵλá
ȴˣ૵ѵСȻӵ˫ʣ
ĸǻ
ֻҪԪʲôԵģ޶ܽܣ
һ仰ͬһˮ䣬õķƻȵȴ
ԭٺ٣
ͷڨڨЦЦ
ιܼĳɳ
仰õķһһƽС
˫ںϵȻǵȵġ
ƴһŵСƵԺ󣬾ͽɡ
Сŵ۾΢΢ֻĺ£ȥƺҲû

ѾЩǰ׵ʣ΢˿
·ɣ
ɫɲܾô򣬿ңҲȷ׷СͷޣûлѰҡ
վһߵأóͼһǳž۰Ƿȥ
һ·ϣоգзڣͬһɨǣΣյĵطȫɨ˳õ޿ڡ
ѽ
һأԭһֱڻеСȴǴ촦˳һ˫Ĵ۾ɨһȦȥȻĳȥ
򣡡
һֹĶǿٵĸȥ
С˼ʮףͣ߹ķƣǶСǰ㣬ָԼǰĵ棬ѽѽĶŷƽл
ô
һ㶣ȥץȴ˹ȥ
ѽѽ
СʹĽлţǶ̶̵ǰٵ档

ƱĶŪһͷˮӺף۾һ˵ʲô


193 С
ѽѽ
СֱССӣʹĵͷһΪ˷ܵģ
ѵʲô
һ˻֣Сµÿ
˵ǿʼ׼նըء
ѽѽ
Сһǻζë׵СԴǰҲǲϵİڶţƺҰĶ
ô
ĶƱͣͬʱҲɢȥ۵ľն
ѽѽ
Сѽ˼䣬ë׵Сƨɣһ˫̶̵ǰڵϲϵٶţʾһͣǳָָ档
òҪɣ
ǲϵͷС򣬷Ƶ΢΢鶯ΣɵɨһۣһΡ
˵գǰȥ˫ֶһԪСˮ۾ڴĿ£ʼҵ
һСӣƱǸоָͷһӲ
ף
ԪָȻûʧ΢΢һ
ѽѽ
ʱվСԵСǽкˣһ˫۾⣬ƺǼİʳһ㡣
˫һգƽŰĪӲֱ˳
ף
ǰľӨõķ۾һѵ侧ɣ
˫΢΢ֱӱɢһָͷС侧ǵµء
ѽ
С۾һֱӾǰȥڷֵ½ǿ侧ߡ
֨
ڷƴ㵵Ŀ£СһſС죬ֱһھҧڼӲ侧֮ϡ
꣡
Ӳ̶Ȳ뾫侧С£ʱѿ
֨֨
ŽĽζСһҲһʱûӦЩ̶Ŀ֨Ȼѡ
ǸܳԵģ
Ѿһ侧Щ
СȴֱתȥиԵĽԼԸеСƨɳ
꣡
ǳ˳飬ҧˣԺҪ
֪СһĶ
Ȼ
䣬Сӱ΢΢һתһ˫ˮĴ۾һһµĺţ޹Ŀ

Ʒ˷ֱۣӾֹȥ
֪СĺܣԣҲֱӾ˹ȥ
Цȥ侧ҲԵģ
ķƵģСһ֪ûϷˣ΢΢ʵĿһŵ侧ǽ֮ڷС
侧ѡ£Сһﻹѡ˺ߡ
ߣ
ջƣվбһ侧΢΢һ
Сһݺθδ̫˰ɣ
޾ɵСһһ顣
Ȼ֪Сһװ˼Ĵ˸ǷСһ˷ƵĻС
Ǹ
ҡҡͷ΢΢һЦ벻޻Ѱֻ侧ϰ߿ɲǺ¡
ˣ
һֱڹע¹̵ķ⻰ڳˡ
ˣ
һ㶣ʵˣ
ûѰ侧ڳ侧߽׵ĻޣǴһ󡣡
˺صĽ͵
ǡ
Ӧͷ̱Ƚ⡣
ϴĻпһͷܹӦޣСӣȥ˾۰ǣиˡ
иˣ
ƲûĹżȻҲ֪ʯ֮£ĸĪҲûȥٴӶΣž۰Ǹȥ
ţھ۰һоӦд𰸡
;УСٴΣЩָֺŵ棬Ȼһھ򣬶ڸõҵһ侧
ΪףҲСһ٣ֱΪֹֹͣͱ
ô侧
侧ڳˣǻˡ
Ĺʱģ
Щ
ʣһ󣬷߳˺ɫ򣬽ͷǸϣֱӾͳž۰Ƿӣڣڰʱ֣һӴĳгڣõĽŲҲ
ΰĳУͬһͷĹ̾䷶ΧʮôǸƣߴǧ׵ĳǽǸһױȵӾ
ԽǽӽҲرǳſڴǶһܳĶ飬û취ҲֻŶӡ
ƣҩʦֻҲòϣǴһؼҩʦۣҲпܡ
ģٶǴʦǱߣϡмλھҲڶ鵱УҪŵ᰹޷ġ
ÿÿ
һԶ۶ڼ˵ӵ£ƺƵӿ˹ҲûŶӣֱӾͳųӿȥ
ģȻҲûŶӵ˻ԹԵóһ
ѵǾ۰ǵĴ
һɨۣƵƤֱ⳵֮УȻʮڣ


194 и
۰ǣƬĹżΨһȫɺʳг۰ڣϽɱģ¼һǣɣ۰ǣߣᱻֱӴɱ
˹涨õĸİҲھ۰£ɶ£Ѱ˾͸ˣȻҲųˣһ㲻ʲô³

ѽѽ
ڷƾʱСִðһë׵ͷ­ǶСǰ㣬ֱָǶӳ
˵Щ侧
΢΢һ㶣
ѽѽ
Сʹĵŵ㣬һ˫ˮĴ۾ֱð⡣
Ȼڿ϶Ǵڲٵ侧
Сģ̲סһ顣
ⲻǽԼȥô
ʮڣмڣǸӦһ޵ƴڣǹɰƣõйϢĴ
˳ӣԼȥǼֱ죡
ȥ
һ֣Сǿа˻ȥƳ˳ӡ
һں½Уû˿ȻֵһЩˡ
ֿôëϣ׬ˡ
ǰŽĵ̺ã񣬿ļҲǺܸߵģ
Աš
룡ܳͲˣ
ô˵ֱͬӾͷ˷ۡ
ٺ٣Ҳ˵˵Ȼȥ
ϣֵһԣȻһȥ
˵˶ЩĦȭƵζ
ģΧ˼ôš
ëϣ
ƱŪһͷˮ
þãҲûӦõķƸ͡
ҪľһõһѸƷնƱػ
λ硣
ԱһòҲȽʵӣԥǴ˹ȥҲΪĻһ
ʲô
ʵҲΪƣɨŷƣɫоǾ֮⡣
Ǻǣλ粻صġ
ƽͷ£¶һӣĳһЦһ֣óһװ˽ҵĺڴ˹ȥ
СǵһżЩ黹ָһ
Ŷ
ʵٴƣƺȷһеĴӣɫҲŻ˲٣ԭǵһʲôҪʵģ
ǺǣСܾʣǿеëʲôô£
һЦе˳
Ҳû
ӺǲĿƺǿĪĹһ㡣

ǲźۼĳ˳飬ǵ˵ͷ
㲻ǻʳˣӦĳСİɣ
ò˵ӵжҲǺǿֻƬﵱУͲµĸ߰˰ˣ£ĽҲǷ
ѵ֪ʯ£
ǣʵ
֪
ƺãҡҡͷ
ʣ˵ȷ̫İʱҲû˵
ʯǶ
ţʵӱǱ߱ΪƽŶʯһС
Ȼ
ӵĽͣƱǾԼڻļӿ죬۾Ҳ
꣡СԶѰڣʲôùģ
ڣ׷Ǿ仰˼ˡ
ӣиˣ
ǿǰһƬã侧ļƷЩڣԼȥȡ
٣
ģǡ
ÿһģǱôһǽԼȫҵ˽ȥ˵ʯģмյģ
СӣԣɲҪ̫öʯ°
˷Ƶĺôӻһ䡣
Ǻǣл硣
ƳһЦ

Ӽ˷ܵģ̾һû˵
ڻֱ̣ʰȥʱֵ˷ƣʮöҵĽǷѣ˽ȥ
һ׵ͨһӴĳڲͳڷǰ
һУõķƶʱ˿
棬ʲộǶһĸ¥С͵ĸɫ
ƱȺ˳Žֵ˹ȥֻһĸ¥϶ǹţXXʯXXʯЩҲˡ
ҲǣģȻȱǮơ
΢ҡͷЦЦͷһǣ˳Žֵȥ
ȣǱҵסĵطϤһС
ĹżɲһƵأ
סĵطҲһ¥۸Ҳǹףһǧһ죬Ҫ᰹ͨ˼Ҽʮˣ⣬ֻסһѣһԡ
ڷҲȱôңֱӽһңΪԵĿջס


195 漣ô
ϣã˿۾
ЩӣںɫڣһֱûϢãһϵڲǻָ˹
Ȼ۰ǲܴɱŰǳ˾۰ǣǾͲ˵ˡ
ȻСߣҲʵõķƺΪա
ʵ̫΢㡣
һЩҲˣΪǵҲôǣЩ۵Ķͽǿʲô¶ĳ
ȥһЩСʯ
СʯëǿԴߵģֻЩ͵ʯΪԼҪǵÿϣĶͽ
һ⣬Ʊ˴齣ȥ
ֵϣЩ¥ڣǳˮȺϣǻȥǴͷɥĳֻһϲĳ
ѡһĺõʯƱ˽ȥ
棬ҲǺΪӵ¥ڣܶǰڷһɼľӣЩϣڷһνëϣÿһëϣǱע˼ǮֻҪ˼ۣͿԽëϴߣȻҲǿԵġ
꣡һ࣡⻹ܿ侧ô
һݵӿеɳӳ鴤áţʵһԱ߼ϵëϣ޷޵˳ȥ
£ǲҡ
Ȼ󲿷Ǵڹۿ״̬˳֣ǣһ˿ʯǱΧȥʱģЩȺھʹ뾪ϲĺ
˳ЩƱǳһ˹ȥ棬ڷëϣÿһëϼ۸񶼲öңɫ΢ЩģǶǱҵļ۸
ãҪëô
һŻߣ˹Ϊ˵š
Ǻǣ˵
ѾʮëϣеСҲû㷴Ӧõķв鴤
̫ˣһëһңʮʮ򣬶һ侧ļ۸Ҳʮңʮëһ侧ƺ
ѽ
ڷĨһСëϵʱ򣬻еС˷Ӧʱд󶨡
һɣ
ͷǸ˵š
õġ
ֻһǿëϣϵЦŨ˼֣õһԵ߸Ͻϡ
һͷ򰡡
Ժһ˿ķϾȻºϲá
һĻˣ޲ǶͶȥĿ⣬ֱЦ
Ҫȿǡ
ЩҲ·Ʒڣֳʵ

˵˱ǽл
ɣǼʶʶ
ٺ٣侧
ֻ侧ô򵥣ҿǿ
Сӣ㷢ˣϽɣ
Ƕʮ϶ͽˣһЩ۹⻹еģҲԶԶѡ
ǵ䳰ȷЦȴԵúɻҲЩңĿ˸ƺҲòˡ
λӣǺҪԼ۹⣡
ŷƵ飬߻ˣæš

ƵɫûкתЩҪģ
ɣ
һҧԭһǧңһӣΣ
ðɣ
ҲһԥõӣջҧҧӦ
ٺ٣ǸɵСӣһʯͷֵһң
˼һΪ׬˱ء
ֵܣǿأ
Աߵ˼Ѿ£ʱӵ˹׷š
ãǾͿɣ
ȭͷԥǴӦ
˽ңɫҲǺҪԼ㿪
ɡ
˵գҲһӣһڴĿǿ಻ôصëϡ
ˣҾͿˣ
һĻ֣֪Щëϸ⣬ȴǿһ˿ĳ֮⡣
ܿ侧ëϣʱᷴߣԽг⡣һ֣һâӿ֣Ȼһߣ
ৣৣৣ
ëϻķһɷĩµأܿģһСëϾͱֻзСɻû˿Ĺĺۼ
ٺ٣ˮƯˣ
ѧӦõģ
̫ɵˣëضǣûһ˿ô侧
˷׷ۣɫҲЩ԰ףһ˫ȭͷקԵúΪŵӡ
ף
ԭһֱŵȻЦݵߣͻȻһţֻ״СëϣһǾӨ֮ɫ¶˳
ˣ
ΧȺɫĳϷ֮ɫڿĨӨ֮󣬳׵Ľʱȫ֮ɫ
ţһָͷС侧ͳǰʱȫѻȸ


196 
侧
ϲĽӷƵĿкҲԵüѣһ˫۾ĶǿžӨ͸侧
ĺҲǾ˸˵ע⣬ͬʱǸҲ˹˶ݵȻĸ߰ϲλӣһҹõëϣ侧һ飡
һҵëҲܿ侧
ɣַҲܳ⣿
С˹ʺˣ
ڣ𣬸áĽ̬ǧ
лл
ӹ侧ԵЩ֣ҲΪиǲϵĳߵл
Ǻǣ˵ˣҪԼ۹⣬ⲻ˰ɣһ侧ǿ൱ʮң
Χ˷׷׽ĿЩϲëϣϸЦһ仨ԴƱǿ
ٺ٣
һ䣬ҲԵЩ⣬ƺЩˣҲ¶ϡ
ǰ꣬ЦȴǺΪӣҪѡ棿Ҳܿ
ãǾѡ飡
ֻ΢΢ԥƱڴӦ
ʱһЩҲΧˣʱû۸ۡ
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪᲻ٿһ侧
ţѡһЩû侧ڵëϿˣʱ𣬿ŷɫд졣
Ȼ侧ôõõģȻʯģǻ
ߣҾͲˣ
Ʋ˲ϵĺˮٴѡ
ȥǻһѷĩʮҲôˡ
ʯȻĿ죬ȥĸ죡
ӻҪô
ߵɫûбֻǼǲĵģϵЦݸŨһЩѡ

һҧ֣ղſǿ侧˳Ҫȫëϣ
嶯ģ߸ϲúãѡ
ȻǸֶѣ
˵ˣʺҲܾߵġ
ٺ٣սȫȥˣպ󣬾۰ǶһĹ
һǺķƣСţһЩ֮ɫ»صǵϡ
Ǽô߹ģʯһУݽˣȥǾˡ
ϲ󱯣ǶͽǵûǮˣȥȥıƺǿûģѾҪһ֡
һȺ˱ǶڷƵһëϱѡ¼ǮƱ˽ָڣÿһСѣǶ᲻źۼڼ䣬ϵķ޷֮ɫȴһֱûɢȥ
ܿ죬һ㣬תĲ࣬һֱΧһëɨʱʱַ£ѡõëϣҲкв
Ǻǣӣֻʣǧˡ
ڷٴѡһë֮Цеѵ
ûнˣ
ƺԵú⡣
ǵġ
߽ߣҸǧңŵӣҪѡô
ֱ׬˵ģ³ĿͻڿǺټˣץһѣպûˡ
ȿ
ǣһë˳Ҫ߶֣ǣʮëֻΪĩ䡣
ҾͲˣ
һ࣬Ϻ鲻ϵĹ䣬һҧٴóһë
ëϣҲСЩƣǧңȻëеļƷҲϺõëˡ
ٿ
ëϵݹȥʱֱҲ΢΢ЩԵƽ
ã
΢΢ǣ˫֮ǿʼ˸Űâţëϵһ㿪ʼĩ䣬һĨ˳
ֳˣ
ʱĴһЩ
꣡ǰɣСӵôã
Ȼֲ岻£Ӯļʷ󣡡
ʮëϣ侧޷ģôߣҲΪͽˣҲû˻ῪʯˣԼˣʲô⣿
侧侧
Ƽһͳȥǿ侧УϵĿϲҲȾˣǷ׷Ҳʼѡëϡ
Ǻǣĺķʮִ֮꣬ˣҲࡣ
˵ڶ侧ɫδ䣬ֻΪп˵š
Ȼ۰ڻһЩʯʦѡëϵмҡǣУƴѡƾģǾһ
侧ë֮УëһǳǿߣҲ޷͸ӣëϵƵǻԤӾԣʯ˵ǿ߾ͻƣֻЩʯʦģĸӦһЩ֮ͬӶ߳ļʡ
ȻЩʯʦɲĳ֣һ㱻Ƹ룬ڳëϵʱ򣬾ѡһ飬µëϣŻ͵ʯڡ


197 ֮
ٺ٣
һ䣬ɷǰȻһɨ⡣
ӣҪҪë棿
ãҲ̽һ䡣
Ϊʲô򣿽СүãһҪҪһ
ƺ󷢣ڳԣõĿɿڴ
ɵX
СëСë
٣ҵҪСҪôģ
һЩ˿˼ëϣǴͷɥΧ˹ķƵĺԣĿ¶
̫ˣ̫¡
˶ԷƵۡ
ֳģҲ⣬ҲҪģ
Цٷ֮ٵļʣˣжʯҽôңô
ƲӦ仹Ƕģָڣʮëл麬侧ͬʱⲻпһ¥ת֮Ȼҵ侧ⲻǿӵô
ĬĬΪЩΧԼĶͽĬϵİ

Ҳǳ˳飬ʯڿǻ治࣬ʮҲȼѣƷҲǺܸߡ
ţҪ
˵ţִӽָóһëȻһѷĩѡ
Ǻǣλӣһ¥ģëϱȽϵͼļʲߣ¥ģȻ۸Щα˿ȥԣ
ϴźƵЦݣ
Ŷ¥ô
ֻ΢΢ԥƱǳŶ¥ȥСүһҪ
һȺͽӵϣõԭ徻Ķ¥һӾ˽⣬ڶ¥һЩҲĸȤΧ
һӱ˹
Ҫѡʯ
һҧͽղǿ侧ȥ
Ǻǣ㡣
侧ϵЦŨҲǺơ
ķƺ󷢣Χ۵ҲȤ׷ŷЩëϣ˵컨׹ԼָëϾһῪһ㡣
ƵĿЩëɨʱһǾͺݺݵĳ˳顣
ëϣֱ侧ÿһ鶼ǱʮϵĽңмƵëϸֱϰҡ
ЩƷëϣЩͽ˵ֻѣȻ׷ײ²⣬ȴҲҶһģϾǾͿˡ
һ󷽵ˣǱƴҲЩƷëڵʲô
ϧ𰡡
Ҳð⣬вסİţʱһЦڨڨһЦǳһԵļȥ
Ȼ¥ëĲһ¥ܱȵģСë϶ѻڼϣÿһ鶼һεƣֵĺǲЩëϵļλͬʱҲһ¥ܱȵģÿһëϵļλǶңõķƲСһ
һ뵽ǳ侧ĵطŻָƽ
Ȼ߷ղи߻رָһ·еСȴû˿ķӦƵɫҲЩŹ֡
ëϣòƳ࣬ļһ¥Ҳûʲô
Ҳѹ֣¥˻֮٣ЩͽǶľˣȻҲеĵ
һëϱѡã¼Ȼװ˽ָڣѡ˰˿飬ǸӱѷƣѾֻʣһǧˡ

˿ֶָĿ侧΢ϲһ¥ѡ飬εջ߿ˡ
ˣ
Ȼ̫Ȼɲʲô³
ȻЩ侧ëϣҲɵ⿪⡣
óЩտëϣʱһĴ𣬸а
Σ
ǣ֮ǾŷƣڿĿ֮һ⣬ٴǰʱȫţ
꣡ʲôĹʺˣ
һݵӶʱá
һ֮ڿ侧
˽Ծѵͽɵɵ

ӹ侧ƹ΢΢һ̾ˡ
˵ʵɨһЩƷëϣջǷ˼ȥ
˵ı֣ȻỳʲôϾзƸҲû׬ʲôҲ׬˸ѣңټȥǳɵӲŻô
Щûпëϡ
ǿܻ侧ôԣû˻ȥЩ
ָڴ߿侧̵߳˸¥һ·ֱӻص˿ջڣȱǽЩëȫˡ
߿侧֣ȻûпҲǺܸ⡣
ھ۰ЩС͵ĶʯУÿεƣһֱŲ׬Ҳ̬ʵָѾʮ侧ˣ
ٺ٣ȥ
ССУҲʼ


198 ķ
һˣ۰Щͽǹߡ
˾ǣ֮
ڶʯռ˺ܴƵģȻ᲻ʱĽĳһͽͷϣǣһ˵ȴǼΪޡ
ڶͽ֮Ϊ֮ˣ֮ãν죡߽Ծ̾һ¼˶Ǿò˼顣
⵹Ҳ˵׬˶٣˵
һʮҵ꣬ڸʯÿ춼ܿ侧ô
ÿһΣҪôǰ׬飬ȻգҪôͻش֮ͷϣܻôһ侧һֱܿƶʯʷϵ漣
ڣ˶ţǸ꣬ҪòŻʧ
һһ죬ÿηƳȥһѶͽΧȥ϶ͽֶͽʶĹʺ֮󣬷׷ױʾ̾
Ȼʯܾĵ෴ģЩʯȥģԭ
˿Զ׬ģңģЩͽ͸ģһܻôһЩ˻Ͳסôһѡ
õĸʯ˫֮¡
֮ƻˣһЩͶʯҲע⵽һӵ֮ˣҲȷ׵ľǵĺġ
һЩͽȻԷͷǿ侧ܳʱΪɣ˶ľ֣Ҽľֵˣһһࡣ


ϵķʷʱͬʱ۾һһӨ˲һڳվ
һӣٰɡ졣
䣬Ǹ޵׶
Ȼʱ䣬ͷϵ侧Ҳһʮһ飬ϣʵ÷۵Ľ
Ϊ䲻Լԣͷ侧ķƣȻҪιʮ侧һȥ
ǰƿܻ˴üͷڡֻҪʱ䣬ûɶģ
侧ô
˼ʮ侧ֻҪ䲻һжֵõΡ
ٺ٣
ЩԣƲúЦͬʱĿҲǴﵽˡ
һЩʯˣȻԼȥģõǵ⣬ڣЩС͵ĶʯΪˣֻд͵ĶʯǸÿʯķͷۣԣһֱҲûȥ
ôῪأ
ʱˣ侧ǿ˰飬Ψټõķɻˡ
һץؿڵССһһ˯ʵ۾޹ֱ
ٺ٣
ΪֺСһ˼ʱСһĴ˸Ƿ
Ϊʲôûأ
ˣƱǷʵϣֺõЦݡ
ѽ
Сһ΢΢ͷɻĿ
㲻֪ʲô
ϵһ㵡
ദôЩӣһһޣҲԽԽ˳СͲ˵ˣҪȻ飬ҲԱȹ
ѽ
Сɰĵ˵ͷһ˫ˮ۾ھɻ
Ҳǣ
ҲȻ
侧СãֲҪ˼ǽָǿûƷ׵˳
ڵ飬ԶɢŵӨ⡣
ⶫҵô
ЩΪڴʵ
ѽ
С˿ţ˵ë׵ͷ­
Ǻģٺ٣
һקСһֱӾת˸Ȧ˼СһŵԺⶫҲҪңô
ѽ
С۾ĴӦ
ߣ
һѽС뻳УϴˢһѣƱǴ˳ȥ
Ȼ賿ǽֵѾвˣһȥʱ㱻һѶͽΧ
ʯȥ
ǣǳһ͵ĶʯȥһڶͽǸϣһȺһ·ҲĴš
λӣ
һΪͣ
תƱһµӳԼ˹
ڣ
ֻɨһۣƱףӣΪڶϣΪڵǹɲԻڻ֮ϣ
ʲô£
뵽֮ǰЩԣһҲһ顣
Ǻǣȷ£Ǻ£
΢΢һЦ֮£ҼҴҲ˵ˣڹӵҼҴҲѣԣҼҴ빫պȥʯһУֻҪӻܱסе侧ҼҴ˻ʮ侧蹫ӣ
˻ķ
ʱԱͽ;
ķ۰Ķʯ֮һĹżϣҲǰʮ
Ŷʮ侧
ķĴ֪ˣ΢΢һ


199 ʦǵ
ûֻҪܱ֤䣬ʮ侧ϣ
Ŷͽһ𾪵飬ҲĸãҲǴһЩЦ⣬Ŀֱӿơ
ʮ侧ķ˵ⲢʲôѾһʲСĿˡ
ǺǣҸ˵ûжλӦҲ˵ˣˣϲռһЩëϡ
΢΢һЦ֣óë
ЩëϣǷϣҲǷƹⱣġ
Щëϣ֪ʮа˾ǿϣǣҲ㿪ȨѣԣʱͲ֪ķܲͨһЩëΪ
΢΢ü飬һЦǿʼëϵƤ죬ëϱɢΪµء
飬ˡ
ʱЩЩɵĶͽҲ׷Ȼ
ȷ֮Ҳְõģ£ټ
û⡣
΢΢һЦ
ÿϣʵÿͽù涨ҲôģֻǴķΪۻôһĵĹ涨
ƣ˾һ棬ʱ䣬ֻҪһӦȻķһǻûô
һְܱ´˵ˣ˭ûģ
һףӳŷƹ˹֣¾͹ˡ
Ǻǣģ
ҲĻ
Ĵǵģ˵䲻ģ۰ŪԼʳҲδػȥҲͿͷ棬ٲȻͽִ
ԣܽþǽá
ͬʱҲõ˳ưϢɣĹżҲǸڼҲʮһ뵽ƾͷۣ۰ڣưǼ˾ϳԼҲҶ־ˣǣȥˡǾ˵ˣ
ߣòҪң
һСڣڵֻҪ룬ֵĳƶķȥ
СǿɲǴģ
ţһѶͽĴӵ£ȥѡǼͶʯҲǰһشڶͽðѡ

һʱ䣬ķǽ֮Ϣɢ۰ǴСϲ֪зôһ˵Ĵڡ
ŹĹʺ֮һǲŨĺģ׷׶Ǳʾôһꡣ
ľ֣ȻҲˣζĵǷٵķӮȻǶЩֻЩϢĲŶķƻ䡣
ǣҲһЩ˲мڷƵĴڣǾǾ۰Ϊһȵģʯʦǣ
ǵʯ֮һһģ̵Ҳǧ꣬꣬ǵʯ֮ǲûɣһλ˼ʯ֮֮Ϊؼʯʦߣʯ֮ѡëܴﵽֲɹʵĵز
ѡʮëϣܿ侧˼ʣ붼ÿ¡
ңǺŵǣжϳëǲʲôƷ׵ģжϳһ
ȻؼʯʦˣҲֻд𣬳ַѣǲһĸߡ
Ϊ۰ڣʯʦĵλȷǺܸߣһ߹ҩʦڶУǾǲ񣬵ȻҲԸǡ
ԣƵϢһһЩʯʦͳ˵ˣ˵ǷˣЬ䣬ʲôʲô˵
󣬸ҪƱʯ֮
ȥ
ԭû˽ǱȹԼһȣɻЩԽۣңУƾһõˣͲʲôʯ֮ûıȣԣҲûϡ
ǾֻǶԷƵȤѡ

Сֵܣ˵˰ɣ
һͽķڿջԷ˹صʵ
˵ʲô£
΢΢һ㶣ҲûԹʳˣԲųһ͡
ٺ٣Ҿ֪㲻֪
ͽٺһЦڷƶ棬ϢѾˣʮʯʦŻ֮ķҪһϸ¡
һϸ£ˣʲôʯʦ
΢΢һ㶣ʵ

ͽǳ˳飬ķƲ˵ѵӣŽһ
ԭ
һһ΢СĻȡ
꣡СڣԼ¼ʲôƨʯʦ
һ˼룬ʱ۾һ
Ҳҵһ侧Դ֮··Ϊߡ
ֵܣãӦսô
ͽҲһ䡣
ӦսΪβӦսûٿ⣬Ӯˣٺ١
ڶͽ㵵Ŀ£һɣľӦ
ߣǴԲѣ
һΪ߰ĺ˹


200 
߰ԭЩֵĿջǻİ˺ڷƶǸͽͫ鱩͹ҲΪֱ֮ƺǼʲôֲһ㡣
ţ
΢΢һ㶣תͷǼżλεվſջſڣ÷ŭԼ
ѵ⼸ʯʦ
ڶͽе֪ʯʦ֮󣬷Ȼʯʦ۰ǵĵλΣüͷ΢΢һ΢СĻȣ˼
ûһᣬջƹһˮ˳ǼӣʱķʵӾͺݺݵĶ˼
λʦ
ƹĨĨϵĺˮ˹ȥżǵͷǹһõЦݣȴǻмߡ
Ҳû취ǲЩˡ
˵⼸˾Ǿ۰ʵĶ棬˵Ǵӳʲôȱԭ򣬾Ϊʯң
룬ʯҵˣһССĿջƹǵô
̬ѾŵļͣǣӸûʣƺȽӶ񣬸ûֱͳŷ˹ȥ
Ǹù
һɫ׾Ϊ˹ͷ­߸̧һӸµģǲмĶŷʵ
ǣ
ƲƲǣһۣ֮תԼͣûһ㡣
˵ľٶʱջھʹһЩ΢
ھ۰ǵʯʦɲʲôǵľٶʯ֮ܵǣʵ̫ǿˣ
ǸͽɫˢףĵȥҾ
㣡
Ǹ˵СʱƵ̬ӷһָ֣ŷƣ˵
Сӣ֪ǰվ˭ô
¸ϴҪļ壡
ϴȻ
Լɶ˵С˵ңǣСӾȻ飬ӵ̬ȣʱ⼸ӵͬ飬׷׶һܼģ
쵰
һӼƸԼʱ۾һãֱǰķƵֱӷһء
ô
ķĲȣһĨâվżԼӵ۾棬Цɫ䣬䵭ĿǼˣɫûа˿ľţƽˡ
̬ȣǼд㵣ڿջڵ˸𾪲ѡ
˵СӵڸѵҪ
ʯʦҪŪˣǿǼΪ򵥵ģ۰ǳ룬ٲпĴɱ
£ҲǷһˣϾʯ֮˱٣ǧĴУԣ㷢ʲô̻Ҳ˱ȻȻһʯʦʳʧ
սôҽܾˣǻʲôô
Ǵ͵ɫ΢΢䣬м˵
㣡
汻˵һ۾ɵĸţƺģ˵Ļ
ǲ̫Զˡ
Ҳȷ۰ڱû˸Ҷǲˣǵȷǵһ
Ӳˡ
Թ۵ȫͷȥĿⶶһ𺳡
벻ͨ˵СΪλ£ǿ췽ҹ̷սЩ棬ֻºҲᱻ۰ǣĽҡ
ǿƣֻЩ棬˼ǿʵĵģΪǸʸǸǮ
ûˣԱһ
üͷǶԶѾʯ˵ƹԱһһ£Ҫλá
һķĶ棬ֱһȥ
Сӣүվס
ǸοĶǷӦʱҧгݵĺȵ
⻰ЦһתãȻôѵλʦСﲻɣ
ҲȷվסƵϣӮ˵ûκεʧϾһõĶͽѣڸУҲһ׬ȡĹ߶ѣݣʯʦܱȵġ
㣿
ʱͿʼˣһŭɫ
ȻˣǼλΪΣѵҪвңҹǲɣ
ƹ޹ңõļ˸ᡣ
ˣ
һʱأѪò
Сӣҵţ󣬻Ҫÿģ
ƣ
Ȼȥջ״̬
Ǻǣ
ЦһǺԱϲˣ
ȻʯʦôһְҵĴڣôбʯʦô
Ҳûְҵˣʯʦ
ڷƵһȵĻȡ


201 ¼
˵֮ǰķųϢֻǶԶͽĻһϢǳ׵ľ˾۰е
ԭҲͼʯҵĶ棬ûҪ԰԰ڣȥν֮ǰ涶磬û뵽˼ҸǣһĻһͽд˳ʱȫǽԾ
һӵＸʯңǾ۰ǵĴҲôһǱȽ˵Сӣȴ顣
ˣһԭΪ飬ͱ޵ķŴˣͽǾͲҪ˵ˣһЩʯңǿʼעˡ
ͬʱֳˣǽƱһĲֵҰһԣһҪƺÿ
ͬʱҲʯ֮Ծĵز

ѧǱ¡
ͬʱˡ
ѵ֮Ҳʯ֮Ȼڼʮëܿ侧⣬ѾǺܲĳɹˡ
뵽ƾȻڴӦʱһЩеоʹСžš
Ѿɸѡëڣܴﵽʮ֮һļʣһʯʦҲƷ׵Ĵʦ
֮¼ֵǷ꣬ķû뵽ġ
ȻҲûվ˵ʲôң¼Ǹǰһ⼸գķڵѾ˺üˣõĶķҲ׬˸
ƣЩԣǡ
ѡʯûаܵĿܣͬʱҲֵı¶̫ˣ˵Ҳľһ¡
νľַش֮ƻǶġ
ٷ֮ٵĳɹʣδ̫ˡ
Ϊ侧¶һЩҲӦõġ
ǣ߳˿ջٴһʯȥ
侧Ӷ࣬侧̫ˡ
һ㣬ֱӾ͹ˣЩëϣ˵侧ǶǷǳ٣ɨۣƱֱ˶¥
ķһ˴ãʱӭһЩͽҲǽңۿѡʯķʽ
Ȼʧˡ
ѡʯô۾ôһֱȥȻ󣬾ѡûʲôɣǳɫûģѡ
⼸ɡ
ѡ˾ſ֮һ侧ļ۸񣬷Ʊǵ侧Σֻѡһ侧ëϣԣſ鵱ˣҲͳһ侧ʱǾһЩ
˵ʵڵģڷƵˣЩͽķڷˣëϵĹȻƾգʵÿζῪ侧
ѵʹȻô
λֵܣ
һӵĶͽ˹ǰ꣬Ҳĸм
ô
΢Ц
ֵܣǲʯ֮
˻һʳʱֵĳǻİһ˫˫ЯŲͬɫ۾ȫעǵӰ
Ǻǣ˵أ
ǣһصĻȡ
ģɵĴ𰸣õжͽΪ֮һ㶡
ѵ˵
ٴο΢Цʱ򣬶ͽͻأķ֣ƺࡣ
ÿζǲӮ䡭
뷨һõһ
Ǻǣˣ
ƿǶͽļڶྪ㵵Ŀ£˳ȥ
ûõ𰸣˶ͽǵĺġ
ֻΪ£Ƶʵȴ˵ˡ
һ죬û߳ջȣ϶ҪССźˣ侧Ĳ䣬಻ǲŰƴڣȡ˶Сȴû˿ı仯
ѾĸʮˣǸӣЩǻѾôôġ
죡ٺ١
ŴڵʣЦǹһζЦ⡣
ȴȻĺܻվǻ٣죬ʲֳһ⣬۰ǻͷˣͽǷ׷ǰķΪģռһõλá
ķҲľͿˣҲŮ˵ĶƤܷľۼķſڣʹ⣬һҪúõʰ֪ߵغëͷСӡ
ʱ磬һЩ۰ǵȨҲﲻķȴǷ֣ˣǸ˵СӾȻû
ǣӵͦġ
һһ˴ӵŵģüĿ߿ȡ
ǼһĳҲǾ۰ʯʦĸоսļʯ֮һ㣬ԷҲǺ޵˼㣬ԣҲˡ
ĵҲķĵ˸ҵѹ࣬ͬʱ˼֮Ҳף¼Ǹ˵СӣƾҪ۰ʧˡ

΢΢˿ѾգƲ˴齡
ٺ٣Ӧõȼ˰ɣ
ǹһĨЦ⣬߳ȥ


202 ұ
ķһģĴĹҲõıȽϺһЩǽϾȻ侧ǳֵ˵ƿصԴѾеһĵزˡ
ʮ˵Ķķڣʱ;ˣȨҲ׷Ҫʶ˵СӾʵϣǿԴ
ȻҲû˿һСӶѣӵʯ֮ĴУ򼸲㣿˵ʯҵˣҲǵǰء
ķſڣĴҲվˣǴ඼ǶͽֻٲǸصοͣվſڵģǼ棬Ը̬߰վвðĻ
ҿǵù˳Ѿ͵͵ˣ˵һҲû˼ջ
˵ģǸΪ׾ӣǾ۰һӵаǧʯ֮еĴӵܣҲ˵Ϊ׵Ǹˡ
ʱԸ̬˵ţһӡ
Ԭ˵Ķ԰СӦԬٵͷԲŵĲҳˡ
ûԬٵʹʳѾʯ֮Զʮ֮ﵽ۷壬츳ɷСܰ
ԬǾ۰ǵţܱȵô
ǺǣҲǣԬҵȵżȻǲܱȵġ

˶ʱһƨȥǸΪԬٵӶʱΪ⣬һ;û£ȴٵĿţõ˼ƤһȴҲû˸˵ʲô
ǲ𰡣
ȴڴ⼸˰˷£ǽһôĳأ
Сˣ
֪˭һɤӣʱĸϵĵͽֱȺ֮УÿһСһλص꣬һȻϴһЩЦݣĳķ˹
Сӣ
֪ΪΣŷǵЦ⣬˶һҧгݣиǼΪŭ
̫ˣ
ŶλڰҪ˼Ǿõˡ
Լ˶񶾵ɫɫ䣬Ц⡣
벻СӾȻЩʶ
Ԭɫ˼Σǰһ۾ɭ˵š
ΪʲôҲһ侧ûʲô˵ġ
ƹɻ󣬶İ˰֣һΪģõļӺݺݵĶ˶
㵽治֪Ǽٲ֪
һǰһʵ
֪ʲô
һɻģǱȱôҶԼ൱ĵġ
˵ţԼţһԼӡ
ˣ֪ʲôô
Ƕǳ˳飬ݵʵ
ʲô
Цȴɴɻ
ٺ٣˵ˣҪȫ˵棬Ӯ˵ĿͷȻߺүү
ԬһЦЦ˵
Լʯ֮ҲǼġ
û
ҲǷ׷Ӧ
ǡʱû˵ôô
ϵЦһ̵̻ӡ
ˣ
ı仯ԬϵЦ͸ǵ
ٺ٣
ҲźЦŷϵĻ̻̣дˬ

ƺǿյüͷ̧ͷ϶Ц⣬ȻҾͲǱˣ
һ仰õ˶ʱʯϵȫԵޱȵĻЦֱӱǺסǶ²ϵĿԡ

ǵćȺжʱһЦжǾޱȵĳ졣
һ֣ˬ
ļһ
˹֮ԬٸǱĻֱһӱļλŤ죬㲻ҲñȣȻھ͸ҹ½үү
ⲻǿô
ЦȴһƣɫԵüΪᡣ
Ǿǿѣôأ
һһץסƵ죬۾Բһݵĺ
꣡㱻ԼĿˮҭĸôܵ裿
Ѿ˺ƤҲֻεĴȻǾͶİɣҲ֪֮ܲܽͷϡ
ߣ
Ӧһѷſ졣
Сӣ͹ԹԵĵŽүүɣ
涼ǳŷȭͷһЦ
Ǻǣˣɡ
ˣǸƵӣֳҲΪΣҲһȵģǲ⼸棬ֱֹˣ˹ŷƺǸ˵
š
Ƴ΢΢һЦڶĿע£߽ʯڡ
棬Ҳ;ˣԴˣƲо⣬̫Ȼӣ˽ȥ


203 Ʒ
ķ˽һ˫˫źɫĿ⣬ȫǼſǵӰϣЩ̵̻ģ޲Щ졣
ѵֻһ˵СӶô
ˣǰô
ǲˡ
ߣ
ķǱĿĳ棬޲ߣɫҲ䣬һ˫˫˸
ĳ棬ҲδйСȴӵˣϲͷǣĽʺ޾ͳˡ
ȻһҪÿ
ԬٺݺݵĹ˷һۣĿ䣬ʱһͷи

һźΪεߣŴ󲽣ŷȥ
λߣķĸˣͬʱҲĴϣ
ӭС٣
⣬ϲӭ
Ǻǣ
ͷԵЩ֪룬ĵСӶл̧
СﻰմСĹ
ˬһЦһڣһơ
ϣ
Ԭɫһǰ˷ǰ
Ԭģǡ
ֱӱ·ҲһϵЦҲǵԬңҲûеŭԾͳ
֮£ȻҲˣԴˣҲֱӵˣֻӶķҲȥ¡
ԬҴ٣ȻԼ·ⲻõһŭ
ԼǺεԬԼҲҪ֣СƨȻԼţŭɫ¶˳
Ǹĸ꣬Ķ΢˵꣬ԬֳìܣȻǺãͬʱҲΪԬôһҲĬ
ˣ˵Ĳ֪ߵغǵ˲˵Ʊػǣ壬ǧʯңͻһ
ƺûеŭһ㣬ԬתԶķڵˣգССֵҪҵȱһʯ֮䷽ҪӮͷҸߺүүԬȻţǣȻӵսǱضȫԸ⣬Ԭλ֤֪ɷ񣿡
ҵҲͬ
Ҳվ˳ǲĿ⣬ƺΪܣԲеӣõĶķڵˣֱ顣
˵ˣ
һ䵭𣬴תȥſһĿԼʱ΢΢һ
˵Ǿÿ
ӣƢٺҲֻµͺһҲ΢΢ŷ
귻
һӰ˹Ϊ˵סƣˣһλ壬ݵҲǴһЩЦ귻С£ʹдԭһΣΣ
Ȼ˵ʯңݸ߹󣬵ǣЩҲòͷϾǵݣҲЩġ
ߣ
ɫ΢һǴŷ˽ȥ
ϾҲΪһС¶Ｘʯңˣľ棬û飬ǲģ
ûЩҲ΢ʧҲϾͻָɫ
ǿɲʲôǵѡ
δС֡
ͷϴһЩ΢Цŷʵ
Ʒ٣
΢΢һЦ뵽˵˳
ƣ
˼ǵСɷˣ㿴ȫλǶΪСΪλ˺ˣ˴˵أȻᣬСɲҪôʧǰ
Ǻǣѡ
ڨڨһЦͷ
СˣС˵ˣɴδֹء
˵ţֵţȫСԼѡֻҪһ侧۸ڵëڿһ侧˵ʮ侧͸С磬Σ
ã
۾һֱӾʹӦӣƺһҲû֮ĶԼһ㣬ʮ侧Ȥ
ߣ
Ǹݵ߽˵Լ˴׷һ£ټ̸ЦķƣǷ׷ҧгݣһȫڷͷϡ
ΪСӣ
СӣٵȻÿģ
Ԭһ˫۾ðܵŭݶ챻ҧˡ
Ԭ٣żҪҵˣǸСӣⲻ˶ˡ
ݵҲ۾˵š
š
Ԭķ޷޵Ӧһһ˹ȥ
ʱ˵ĿǷڷˣǶ뿴ӵ칷ʺ˵꣬ӵʯ֮
ȻעҪʧˣƺʲôʯ֮峺ֱһ԰ڷëϵļӡ


204 ʲô
ķڣۼԼʮˣڣܱһСǷΧСĶķڣȴûдʲô֮ʵܹ졣
ʮһӻԳۣü絶һ˫ɨܣԵЩصζ
źأһΪͨΣһͷںڵĳһزϣں󱳣ΪȻҲͱ˶ʦ۷ѣ䣬Ҳܲˣǣ˿ûʲôģȴõĳ档
ڣܣһֻ֣΢΢ЩëϣȻ˿λôѡţû˿Ĺɣ˫峺Ҳǻʯ֮ˡ
ߣȻֻһѰ˶ѡ
ķ˫ӣԬһȴǸвޣһͨˣȻԼķͷţ۾Σյ
ʵʯ֮ͫľԣʯңʵ޵ľͫȻټϸľ飬͸ӵļӴѡϵĳɹʡ
ԣһƲûͫһЩҲĸʧȻǵĺҲͱˡ
˵쵽ĳ̶ôʮʯ䲻Ӯѵֻɺϣ
ˣ
һë֮󣬷΢΢ѡ˼Ũëϣչʮң֣
ͣȫǷϣ
ڶ⣬ۿһ֮󣬿жЦǸݵߣҲǴųЦ⡣
ǵ飬޲üͷһ塣
ȻԴ󣬵ͫȴʵڵģ⣬ҲԴıǮ
ѵСӵֹڴˣ
ͽǸԵЩʧ䣬ɫҲǽ
ǿǶʯ֮ĶԱȣϣһֱˡ
ھô˵λ̫ôҿҵġ
ǹֳһĨЦ⣬żһüͷ
ߣ֣ģ
һ˳˿ë侧ӮûУ͹ԹԵĹ½үү
ŶУ£үүô
ЦȴЩ̻̲
㣡
ʱһŭ۾ŭɣΧЩĿ⣬ŲʵĵˣԼ
Ǿͺá
һˣӣؿڡ
ģһ١
ĵǴģ
棬Ǹݵַ׷ͫǰ۲ãɵЦһ
ǺǣСѡ˿ô
΢΢üͷɨһëϵļ۸ٴһ䣬ʱõǸɫһ䣬˵ȴͬס
ٶײ³ɲõȥ
˿顣
ͶмһЦ˵ͷ
Ŷ
ķӣɻˣ̲סʵС磬Ϊʲôô϶˿ëо侧أ
Ǻǣֱ
ЦһΪصĵ
νֱʵƾͽǣټһǣ޲⡣
Լ
ЩɻĿ⣬ּһ䡣
ǺǣСһܺãҲЩڴˡ
˸°ϵĺ룬΢΢۾ǰꡣ
֪ΪΣܾǴʦ꣬ôһЩ׽ϣƺһصɫʡ
ķƲԸ⻻ëϣǸ˿ͬʱͫڲźۼһĨȻɫ
ǸңСϵ֤ˣϿϣ֪Σ
΢Ц˹֡
Ȼû⣡
΢΢ǴӦЦһ͹ˡ
˵գһץǽ˿ë֮ǿɫõë
ɯɯ
ɯɯëϵ׷䣬ëҲۿɼٶСš

ϣʱʹصĺͽǵ۾ȫеǿëϣУǵҲЩš
ǰ˿ë֮Уϣһ飬ǷƻûʲôʤĻˡ
ΪգЩĴҲ΢΢ееĿ⣬Ǽǿ鼱Сëϡ
棬ɵЦ⣬ƺʤȯգƣҲͬû˿ĵ֮ɫƺĶԼε˼㡣
ɯɯ
ڣڰ֮ëϻΪһû侧ĺۼ
һϣ
ʱΧʹһЩʧ
͵ɣ
ǸĽţϵĵ֮ɫΪŨ
㼱ʲôǻ߿ô
Ʊ˱죬ƺҲԵЩˡ


205 ӳȥ
ߣǾķڷ
ǸһͷƲ˹ȥ۽ǵȴעߵĶ̬

Ҳûϳһ˿ǿЦ⣬һԵ
ã
΢΢ü˵ͷٴץһƵë
ɯɯ
ë۵»СһΪĩ£ϱǶѻһѡ
꣡
һ
һϣ
ʱ˲ˡ
ôã˶Ϊ꣬Ǿƾѡϣʮ첻䲻Ӯļ¼Ҳƾ쵽ģڣõëѾˣ֮Ļήô
һƵ۽΢΢˳飬ƺĲˡ
ϣɡ
ֱۣһĶֱֻۣȴЩ
ţ
Ŀһǰ꣬ƺû˿һϺõëϡ
ɯɯ
һëϱһƬеĸǻˡ
ʲôϽ½үүɣ
ٺ٣˵Сɵϣ
ͣ浱Լ֮ˣ
Ƿ׷ױֳԼĲмҴԼĹ۵㣬˵ǼëһǴ

˿ֱһ
ɯɯ
һëϻΪ˳
ɯɯ
һ顭
ɯɯ
Ѿǵڶˣգڶ̾ϢлΪһѳ
ϣֻʣһķˣۣһǧңëϣڿϵʱƤǲëϣ̾ļʣޡ
֮ͣ
ԬĶʱЦһ
ٺ٣ķڷ˰ɣ
Ǹ治һ˹ϵĵ⣬ڡ

Ҳ̾һаԻɣѵһԼѣ
ϣĶͽҲѾ۾ƺٿȥ
վǵвʯ֮
ʵҲǱȻֻǣһֱôһ˿Ҷѣڣ˿ұɢˡ
ԴˣĴҲûʾʲôǱֶѣмŷƵĿ⻹Ϸʡ
УٲȻһ֪ߵغëͷСӶѣ
ףСӣôЩ찡
֮Уһӥǵӿŷƣ۾Ȼ䣬Ǽ
ǸСӣ
ʱӥһ˫۾ڼð
ϳˣ꣬ɱԼưİڣԼ˽Σֻʣ
ÿÿҧгݡ
Ȼһʦ꣬ˣˣһȥԼڰڵֱ½
ڶߣ֪Լӵʵֻͱˡ
ǰȥؽ
ĵ̣µĻɱˣǻã
ţ
ƺӦǵ޵Ŀ⣬Ʋͷһɨǿǵðӡ

һüͷ
ԼӦҸԼˣǰ⿴Լ΢΢ЩɫƱһ
ʵΪ尲ǿ֮һλԼƱ̩ɽû˸ҶԼ
ҪǣԼζ
Ͻ£ѵǰ㻹ˣɣ
һֱûԼĻڶǸŭˣĺǳ
ƾʲôҪҹ򣿡
ưһۡ
Ѿˣѵô
һ˫۾ð⼸ҲΧ
ϣǹ֤ˣӦ˵˵ˡ
˷׷ױ̬ʩѹ
ǰϣ£ܲ˰ɣ
ӥǵҲ˵󻹺һ䣬λ˵ǲǰ
ʲôô
бͺƣʯңԸӥȴҲսԼԣʱͻˡ
ž
ңңһĳһƣֱӾ˦ӥǵϣ˸ӦֱӾͱȷ˳ȥѪѿڶȺòҡ
֪νĶֵĵ˵ôҺȥ
۾ֱӾͺǳӥǻûعֱӾͱ׳ץСһ˳ȥɨز˵պ۰ڣҲǻ첻ȥˡ
ưȻҲΪһڣ
̬õļҲǷ㤣ζˣϵĲҲࡣ
ߣ
һǾؿǿ࣬ŷƣ΢΢üС磬¡
ǺǣϲΪѡ
Цһŵǻһëûô˵
ǺǣҿǺԼġ
˵꣬Ǹüͷơ


206 ӣ
ٴδ˵ʱһЩ˵ע⡣
ӣ˲һ١
ģ
ǲٴԼ
ٿǿëϣƤֲڣûһ˿ƣǵ͵ķϣÿҲ֪ȻҲֻһˡ
Ǻǣֲһˣʮ죬ÿɥʧʱһܻῪʲôëϡ
ɻ飬΢ЦŽ͵
԰ϴXXķʱǿëϣ۲ŰǧңȻҲһ侧
һͽʱе
ɣǧҵëҲܿ侧
ⲻܰɣ
ѵпܿ
𣬶ʱֽ˵Ȥ˻
ǰǻûô
˻Ҳз㤣һ˫˫۾ͫٴɨǿ۵ëϡ
Ƿϣ
ɨݵջڵͫ⣬
ûǿϡ
ԬҲŵ˵ͷ
˱̬ʱд󶨡
ʱѣ
ǸһƺԷƵıָеܲмӡ
ȻҾͿˣ
ķţ΢΢һ㶣֣һëץС
š
΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ɯɯ
ʮ˫Ŀע£һëϻСţܿ죬СëϾֻʣڴСˡ
ˣûˣ
ŵӣ˵üͷ
ף
Ҫһʱ͵һ٣оһ
ˣ
ʱһߵĶͽʹֱָָëϵǵӨӨ֮⡣
ĳˣ
ʱͽǾͼ쳹ȫ
Ĺʺ˰
޲ԣɨ䣬Ƿ˶ԷڵľȻ
һκ˶ûп侧ëڣȻĳһ侧
֮ھô
ϲЦտӣ˲Щˡ
ʵ
⣬ĿǰΪֹû˵塣
Ҿ˵϶ģ
ƴЦĿΪƵĿǸҵĶ档
ֻһ侧ѣϣȴǾã侧ҫۣƺ͵һ㡣
ϲ
΢΢㶣ǳһ΢СĻȣе侧ݸ˷ơ
лϣ
ƴЦһԵüΪ⡣
˴ˣҲòС簡
Ŀŷƣ΢΢һЦȻС翪һ侧ҲҪʵԼŵԣʮ侧
˵գһӣʮ龧Ө͸侧˳ڷǰ
лл
Ҳһϲ̬֮侧һ
ѾʵԼŵˣϣЩ˲Ҫ
ϵЦûתֱӾô˵š
Ļõļɫ৵Ĳ԰ףǸɫݵҲɫࡣ
Ҫʯңһͨͷҽүүôܣ
ⲻܵģ
ǸĵĶɫ԰ףסҡͷ
ԭʮþȵֹǳ˵ϣǳǵϣҪĻǸԼԭƵģȴҪԼʮǰͷүү£԰첻
ôڻң
תȥ۾ֱһɵѹ¶˳ѹЩ
Ϣŭ
Ǹݵ߲Ǹǰ
ߣ
Щ黹ûȷȻ뼸ʯַһתֻһ֤ˣӣԼŰ죡
Ѿ˵ϣɫǾ䡣
ǻģ⼫ΪҵĻĹżϣӣʱҪ˵ȴＶˣӣ֪ңվһȥ˳ҲƵġ
֮ôΪеһ²⣬Ǹ²⣬ǿ侧󣬸ٴεĸ˳
˷Ƶ¼ϵǽƶλ
һãһֱ˥
ڵڶǾЩֲˣÿζܿڲ䲻Ӯɲ˭ģңЩСͶķÿܿ侧Ǻš
ղŵ£ٿʱеĻɣѾƫڶˡ
ԣŻỹվ
⡭λСֵܣղһӮˣǱϡ
ݵ˸ãǰ
ĻʱǸң̱ڵء
ȻˣǾʵжԼɡ
¶һĨϷʵЦ⡣


207 ʵҲ
ƣֺӵĻʱõӸݵһᣬٵĺΣѹסеķŭ΢΢˳飬СֵǷͨһ
ݣֱǲܵģˣǾͲ̧ͷˡ
㣬ҲǺ
Ϊ˻ϣһ񣬵ٴ֮ܵʱˣ
ͨڣ
һ΢СĻȡ
£иأСֵܣأ
ȻҵһСӣݵ߻Ǿúİƽġ
Ŷ
ЩζһЦʵֵʲôۣ
⡭
ݵӳ˳飬һۣû뵽ƾȻôʣϵһ˵ϣ˵ˣֱǶ˵ˣСֲġ
ιأֵٽأ
ƹ⳯Ǹ溰ʱȫһЦ
㣡
Ǹֱȴһ仰Ҳ˵
㼱ʲôǻûôȻӮˣֲͳˣ
һѹŷŭ
ǣ
Ʊ˱죬ֱӾ¶֮ɫģľǳţ䲻ͳ˵ôɣôȥһ˽һˣһһǻûˣⲻƤô

ûҪôͷҪôǮһһ룡
벻õʯҾȻ䲻Ǽʶˣ
ϣʱʹָĳ֮
Ǳѱ֮ʯҵĸ̬ƣǲˬˣһǷ׷ʹˮ
ϾĻǲడ
˳֮ʱеļɫȫ࣬Ǹң˫ֱӾ̱ڵء
ΣӿĶˣ
ˣ
ĳ治ʰһȫǻֳȥ
Լ˫ϣģȻҪ̤˵ϣǾӦб̤׼Ҳ˵ˡ
һ˦ȥ
ūԼĶԼ
Ԭǳһ
Ѿʯҵĳˣٶ࣬պǻǻ˵ʯ䲻⣬ҪģԣֻǸùˡ
⡭
ù̧ͷãȻĿԼͬ飬Ƕһ£ʱһ
ףΪʯҵϣԼˡ
ģһֻģ
飬Ԭ˹ȥļĿУâ˸Ȼ
Ԭ٣ˣ
ùҲվľ˵һ䣬ǳŷȥ
ʮ˫Ŀע£˫ĿȥʱӲסĶš
һ̣ʲôϡ
үү
ĿѪбųϵ۾ջۡ
ޣޣȴΡ
ǣ
һĻƵһаȵĻ
˱֮
⣬ҲҪģҪףԼôǵģңСôһڣ޾Щʲôʯҡ
ǵȻ飬ֹĴǷ׷üͷͽҲ׷˼
Ϊ˵ʯңѵĲô˵Լ̣
ͶȻģǾҪ׼´μǵˬ㡣
ư촽ʱǸùֱ˹ȥ
´Σֵˣ
Ԭһ˹񶾵ڣĵ
ֵң
΢΢һƣЩʵʵȷҪô
ߣˣ
ԬĲмһ
£ô£
ֱӾôشţԬ˿Ÿӵʱ΢΢۾ֵЩˣûһˬģϲˣ˵ҪϲвˣĶԼ㣬ôߣˣȷܹ¿ͷүү
˵ţƲƲѾԵĵù
˱СԬֱһָ죬ŭԬڴ˷ģһʵԼĶԼ˰ɣ
⻹ࡣ
΢Цŵ˵ͷЩζĵôôģȥѡô
ߣǶʯ֮
ԬĲмĺһΪĵ
ȻԼʯ֮ǺĵģңҲţ졣
Ҫʯ֮üͷ΢΢һ˵ȫĿǼƽϡ
ʯ֮
ҡҡͷҲʲôʯ֮
ʧ֮ʣּһ䡣
ǣƾҵӮ㣬ûġ
ǵ΢СĻȣԬ΢΢һţһɿŭӿ
ǴԲѣ
ŭˣԼһΪʯ֮Ȼ˱һĲֵˡ


208 Ҳ
Ҹѡʮöҵëϣ˭侧࣬˭ʤˣҪӮĹ¿ͷүү
ԬŭĿԲɣɭȻ䣬ŨŨŭ
֪ΪΣɱֵȻ꣬ǸӸݵߣüͷ΢΢ܾĸطԾȴ˵Ȼʱ򲻻ɵĿڣǲ˵ԬĲзٺƵô
ĵô
ߵ۾΢΢
ͬʱȫ˶ôģʵڣûܿ϶жϳ
Ŷ
ƺ΢пա
ô㲻ң
ԬһģƵ
Ҳң
ʱƾ类ŭһ㣬ԵЩ꣬кѡɡ
ߣҵģ
Ԭһ¶һĨЦǳŷëϵļȥ
ڶĿע£ʼͫ⡣
ʱһ˫ڱǶһ⣬ڣЩɫֻǻǺԶѡ
˻벻ʯ֮Ѿ˵زǲҪˡ
Ԭң治ǽʯҰֻ£ʯ֮Ҫؼ˰ɣ
ؼôף۰ǣҲһҶѡ
Ҳǣ
ΪͫʱϾһЩ֮ڿ˫۾üͷҲ΢΢
ٿԵһЩ֮ɫƽ꣬Ҳ֪ԼûжĶԡ
Ǿʯ֮
˫â˸˸Ǹеˡ
ֲ֮ʯ֮ɹ㣡
ϵֱڷƵԺ
㣿
һ
䲻˹£Ȼ˶ʯʯ֮һ˫ͫܿëϵ鶯֮ƣӶжʵʵѾ֮
СһȣԶˣ
һ֮ȥ
ǣ
ЦСĻΪСһô
ô
һ١
Сһѵжĺûô
⡭
ϵһ仰õķ˵
СȷܸӦëڵ侧ĴڣжϺûƷףƺˡ
Ҳֻƾ׬С˶ѣĴͷȴֻܴʧ
߳
Ȼ֪ЩЩС͵ĶķڣҲǿ׵ëϣǣ侧ǣëϵļ۸ѾԶԶĳ侧ļλˡ
ԣּƷëϣĵľƷףҲĴ׬Դ
һ鼫Ʒټֵǧңڣ
ͫȻͫڵļֵСʹˣ
Ϻص˵ţرżĹڣͫûͫʹˣ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷǷݶʯ֮Ĳмʱɢ
Դˡ
ʦѵҲʯ֮
˼룬۾Ҳ΢΢١
ϳƷǱƷƼάʯ֮Щˡ
Ѿģ϶ԼҲһʯʦ
ߺߣ
˵ĺ˼
ٺ٣ʦǸɶٺ١
ˣûʲôŲµģƤĲȥ
պ˵
仰˱ǳȥ
ٺ٣
´ϲ
ʱ˷ʯ֮ټСݺķĹ֮ڣһʥƷڻУ

ԬѡĺҲܾϸǿëϵŨ̶ȣϸĹĦϵ·
ʱϵ֮ҲȥһصģҲмƣʱĶͷϾ˺ˮҲһ侧ң˸˸⣬Ȼȡ侧
ԭͫҲҪԪеġ
΢лȻ
ѡ˲ʱԬıѡ߿ëϣͫ⣬ݵҲסĵͷ
ȷƷܿ侧Ԭٵͫ
ݵɨ˼ۣǴЦ˵ţͬʱԬ΢΢˹֣֮⣬һɡ
ٺ٣ƤϿˡ
ԬĨĨϵĺˮϾԵ⣬ŷƵüͷ
߿ëϣԼܿ侧ѾǺܲ˵ĳɹˣǾ۰һЩһʯʦҲ

Ƶӣɨ߿ëϣб˸ֱվԬ˴Ĵָ
Сӣ
ٺ٣Ԭȣֱ裡
涼ǷϾǺɫ
ǴʱǺ޲ýưƤȻٶ͹ըϼ죬ȴеĺ⡣
ǲȴԼүûţҲ䣡
ƵĻʱõŭ


209 µ
ͣ
㻹˵ĳڣ
֪ν
涼ǲϵĳţֵĺǲмֻǸѵĵùЩãĿŷƣ֪ΪΣָоӮ
ͷһԺʱһ鳹׵˹һ˲䣬ץס˷΢΢ЩζĻȡ
Ԭ٣Ҫģ
ùֱѿڶĴõԭЩ֮ĳǼžһ˫˫۾ȫǴ㵵Ŀ
Ԭ٣ҪģģģҪң
һץԬĵֱۼ
ƵǵζЦ⣬õԵĸе֣оƺֻŪԼһûԼ
˻ýԾ˶˵
Ǹʲô
ֱֱۣСӣԬıǾЩŭһΪҲǵЩͨ죬һѳֱۣ֮Ƶڵء
Ԭ٣Ĳܶİ
ùʧķһ㣬ȴסѹڵϣá
ūˣϹ˵ʲôԬôܻ䣿
ҿʧˣֱӴΰɣ
ҲȵùӦһЯԪֱĲϣùٴҸĻ˹ȥ

Ԭİһڡ
ֻǸӸݵüͷȴȴԬĴʱѾȰ΢΢ſҲıϣû˵ֻ۾ŷơ
ΧҲ޲ãȻ
⵽һ
ټǸɫƽ֪꣬ΪΣҲһɹŹֵĸо
ѵ֮ԶҲģ
ϽѡëϣȻֱ䣡
ԼҧһڣԬĵĸ֪ΪΣҲһĴƺԼ䣿
ϽҡͷΣյ뷨γԺŷƺǳһеĵ
Ҿȥѡ˰
΢΢һЦתȥ˼ֵͷʵҿ侧ͬô㣿
ߣ
Ҳ֪֮ȻչңһֱҲǴڲ䲻Ӯ״̬Ӯ㣬Ѱ
Ԭ˵ƽ֣ȴƴϣ˵һ󴮡
ôһ˵ʱһЩŹֵĿ⡣
ȷȻ˵죬ȴҲδӮȷĹ¡
⡭
˫۾ţԬôҲ˵ƽֶ۾һգǺ˳ͬҲӮ˰ɣ
˵Ҫ㻰λڳĶ֤
ƳΧ΢΢˹֣ǳëϼȥ
֪ΪΣŷתͷʱ˿Ц⣬ԬȻһɲõԤУſڣȴ˵
İȷʱӲĳ
ߣҾͲţһСӵи߽ʯ֮
뵽أĿֻصϡ
ƣϴһһëţʱʱ£ʱڶôëϣƺ죬ǹרҵӣ̿ѡ
ʯ֮
˶ҡͷΣ˫ȴһֱ峺޵ף֤ûͫ
ھ顭ѡëҲǾĻľȫмңʦˡ
ʱһȦƱѾѡͬ߿ëϣһЦĿԬģ㿴ûռ˰ɣ㼸飬Ҿͼ顣
ߣ
Ԭһǣһ˫ȴǶ⡣
ף
ֻһɨۣǾãǺѡģƺҲмΪģʱһ
һѵĶʯ֮
ɵɨ˷ۣȴǿʲô˿
С䶨ˣ
ȻɫϴεҪЩԬѡģ̫ˣ
ͫڵ⣬Ǻǲмĳ
ֻΣǸݵȴûۡ
ʯʦȻ˵ܴһȴҲ͸ȻճɫëϵԬѡĳļǴ󣬵ȴҲʲôԵ¡
ڣŷϵ˿ȻЦݣ֪ΪΣȻëȻĴ
ÿµˣ
Կ϶ΪٺƵ꣬ԲһͨˣΪûһͨ㵭Ȼ̬ȣԴԼЩʯʦ
ԸƾԼɡ
΢˿΢΢۾ȴźĽ֡
ϣˣ
΢΢һЦ˹֡
С£
Ƶı֣һֱĹ֮ľãˣ⼸档
ʱϵЦҲ͸ŨһЩѾˣңƱظΪɲ


210 
Ǿϳְɡ
ԬҲ˵
š
ûôˣֻ΢΢ͷǰȥ
ʮĿëİڷţÿë϶ҴСƼ䣬ÿһë϶ԵúΪҪȣԬѡɫȷǱȷѡҪǿ
ৣৣ
˫֣ǰëϱǷ֮ϣԪӿӨ˸䣬һɯɯ¡
ȫʮ˫۾עߣһգգ
ˣ
֪˭һ䣬ûһᣬһ侧Ө͸߲֮⣬ʮֵҫۡ
ǷٺƵģ
˰
ҪʤˣǼһĻô
Ⱥ֮ĴǴ֮
ķ׿ͳһ侧ԬɫҲǲÿҲɲ
ϲС硣
Цһһǽ侧׸ơ
Ǻǣлϡ
һϲ̵侧ǳƨĵҾ˵ˣҵһǶ֣
ߣ
Ԭӳ˳飬޵һѹе֣ϣɡ
ɯɯ
һëϻС

ëϹȥˣϷ磬ϵЦƺҲࡣ
ߣ˵̫ˣ
Ԭһ࣬뵽Լɫǰ˼֡
ˣԼҪô
ӲһǸùĲ״ϵԵĲ̫Ȼ
Ҳˣվ㿴ңҿ㣬ڶһݾȻ
ɯɯ
ûͣ£ٴëϣ䣬Сš
ˣ
һһ˳ָ˱ǼԬѡǿëϣһӨ֮ɫ¶˳

ʱԬıǴЦһƺѾӮһ㣬ִǷϵ״̬ļ˷ܣָܷɽ֮
һѣʲô˵ģͬĿŶ
Ʊ˱죬ǲţõļϵЦݱǽ
Ԭĸӳ˳飬޲óԼơ
̫嶯ˣ
ŷϵЦݣǽ
ɯɯ
ɫٴץëһ䣬ëۿɼٶСš
ֳˣ
ǸٴμһԵʮֵļ˷ܼһ㡣
ԬӮˣ
һҲǸ˵ŵ
ٺ٣
ԬҲһŷƣԡ
ڣڽķһǻʣµëϣϵЦݸ
֮У϶һëϾԻῪѡ飬ǳɫ·ܳϣ
׳գ
֣ʱõǵɫס
ûﻹëô۾Ϲ˰ǸղŵĽѵˣǺ˰ʹ
ƺǲмƲһۣתϣ鷳
š
˵ͷٴο
ɯɯ
ɯɯҲˣǽŵĿСëϡ
ƵĻǷˣǳһ٣ȻзŭȴҲҲйĳڣȴǰҪôô
֮УѾͬˡ
ֵԼˣǾԲţ
ͽҲǽŲѣУֱӾǽԼ˷һߣڼ·磬ԵЩ
Ĵ̬죬ǶԸϾƴʱֵ̫ˣľ壡
ˣˣôˣǼ֮ô
ɯɯ
ѾǵëˣȫûзʲôϸСɯɯƺÿһ䡣
ˣ
ˣ
ͽ涼Ǿ
龧Ө͸侧ҫۡ
󣬲ϵƽҲˣϾﻹ侧ء

һƽķƣ΢΢ü˫һУɯɯٴ쳹һ¡
ˣ
ǿʼƵǿëϱһǣһЩͽǾϲ
΢΢һһ侧¶˳
Ȼƽ֣ʵϣƽ־ǷӮˣϣҲʣ¸һëˡ
Ҿ˵֮ңǻţ
ӹ侧ĸٸõļҧгݣԬˡ
ԼƣѡëҲͳѣڣѾˣ߿Ŀ飿˵ԬҲûǸ͡
½⣬ֻڴ漣ˡ


211 ȱ漣
漣ϴͲȱ漣ܴ漣ˣҲǲǴڸ򣬶ڲϵͻԭ״ϵĴ£ԣŻ
ķڣһһ˳õĴĶͽ׷ʲѡ
ڵ֪һ¿ͷүү֮޲ǹЦԼºҪȥԴһ١
ڣǶķ棬棬ǳ
ڣе۾ǵϣëϣǾһʤʱ̣Ҳؼ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦԵЩ졣
˶ǽŲѣȴͬһ㣬һɵģԵüΪ롣
ЦԬĵӲĶ˶һĨ֣¶˳
ˡ
뵽Ƕ˶
棬ҲǽŵǺôҲ˫鶼Ƕ⣬ɨӣҡͷ
ëϣǿǷϣϣǾ͵ͬԬˣ
˭
ԲõأӸݵߣʼ²ƵɵЦ⣬ԵĸĴۣƺڳԼһ㡣
ѵʳʯҵˣ
ͬʯ֮սǺģϾսڽŵķΧڣñ˴˵ʯ֮
Խô룬ݵ߾Խֿܣʱɫࡣ
ײˣͷƱزɱ⣬ֻѰսԼ侧㣬εġ
³çСӣ
ݺݵĹһԼǸһۣҧ
ɯɯ
ëϿʼСһͬѩһƮȻ£ϣѾѻ˲ٵһѡ
ˣˣ
ԬԼͲסźϣ缫ȱˮһ㣬ҲһһµĻţƶСĺĶĻһ˫ƣקȭͷȫǺ
ɯɯ
е۾һգգĶëϵĶûһ˿Ĵ
ˣ
һ漫˷ܵĺһ˱ԬĵǿëϣһǾӨѾ¶˳
ĳˣ
ԬӮˣ
ֽϲ֮ɫ档
ٺ٣
ԬǺЦǳ˹ЪĿЦӮˣӮˣ

ݵҲ΢΢˿ŷƣҲǻ˼Ц⡣
ˣ
ô
ϧ
ȺڲϵĴ̾ΪƸеϧѡ
ЩǸоͶ
Ǽܿ϶Ʊضӵʯ֮ʯʦֻǣӵеʯ֮Щѡ
߿ëѡ飬ĳɹʣѾǷǳĺˣҲ˵ΪƷٵһλ۲۵ʯʦ
һλʯʦеСžžͿʼ
СӣϽԬٹ£
㣬үү
˹ֱָӾ͵㵽˷Ƶǰ΢΢ű˿ȥ
ô㾹Ȼ㣿
ǸʱŭˣԪֱӾҪ֡
أ
ƺһɾֱ˦˻ȥˤ˸Ľų졣
㼱ʲô
һô˵ҷ
ϣûǸ˼
ݵֳˣòΪǸֶӡ
ϣɣ
ԬһĨȻ˳飬ǿĵ
ȻҲԲУҲ֪ˣǲ
ʲôëôûĽ
һۣһ̧ǿëϣ֮ϣ㻹ڴС
԰ûأ
лᣡ
òǾشɣˣ
ʱڵĶͽõվĸļһֱš
Ǻǣ
Ƶɫûһ˿ı仯ƺ෴ϹŵĨϷʣʮֵԣеԬһ䡣
ƾʲô϶黹δë侧
ྲ
Щһһǿëϱٴΰ
ɯɯ
һȦһȦȥתۼ䣬ëϾСһ룬ЩͽǸǼĻðҲסˡ
ɯɯ
һƮȻ¡
ˣ
ŽһۼĶͽľ˱˳ָ˹ȥ
ֻѾֻڴСëϣһǾӨðͷ
ˣ
ĳˣ
ţ߿ëϾȻĿ侧
ʱֱӾͷ
ǿŵ侧Ԭһһ˫ɵȥֻǰһڣ˹ȥ


212 £
ķ¼ĻƷһճڣھ۰֣ν˽֪¼ҲΪֱǲˡ
ķζԼɾ֮š
ɾ˲񻰣
ʵֻһЩѡ
ӮԬ֮˵Ļ
߿ëϣĿ侧ֻô
֮ΪȤʹȻһЩͽҲģĵĺ٣Ҳһ侧ǣʮεĶԼǱֲ䲻Ӯľ棬㿪Ϳ٣㿪Ҳ
ˣֻǻûʲôӵʯ֮ǾͱȽϿֲˡ

Ļ赹Ԭģ䣬ֹһ䣬ʵ̫ˣõļǸֱ
ԬһֱûƱ˱죬ҲֻգȻһѶͽΧԶĹۺĿ£Ʊ뵽˻ҡ
ͬΪĴҲû˵ʲôϾĵ̣ҲֻĿص걻˽ȥ
ˣǲʯʦѾҪˣʵҲҪĿǰӵеǾǿǮĸķӵǶӵȫǵ٣⼸ǾԲȥġ
СȻš
뵽һңҲΪ£һ˫۾ЦгһС죬Ͼϲ⡣
Ǻǣֻöѡ
Цһ嵭ĵ
ԣǲš
Ҳ˸һתĵֻǣС磬ôǵıô

΢΢ЦҲȷ۰ǵʯңǧԼһ״ʦܵģ˵˼ҪԼǶ¡
Ǻǣ
ķƵΣЦЦС粻õģֻҪǺС紦ķǾĹͣǼңô
˵䣬ҲΪȻİʵ
㣬Ҳŵġ
ǺǣˣСӾͶлˡ
΢΢һЦ˹֡
Ҫ£ԼڣҲûиõѡˣӵһ̣һοĺ̨۰㡣
С£
ϲվߣС磬ҴȥĲֿ⣬ʶʶ
ã
Ӧһվ󣬳ķֿȥ
֪¶֣ŻͦԼ
ĹżһУΪƵôķҲпܷȥֺǼʯң
һ·ϣڲǶģʲôɭϣһ·ϣЩεĽ䣬һ޶ǿϢƣ𴳽ǾҲֲá
ԴˣҲûе⡣
֨£
¶֮󣬲ֿľűˣһŨõķƾһӾ࣬һֱؿλõСҲ˶˳һë׵ԴĴɨţһ˫峺һЩ۵С΢΢ſһСͷϵľ촽̰ӣõķǳ˳飬ֱӽѹȥ
ǡ
ȻҲСĴڣʱһ
ޣ
ʱĺͼǹϢǻ޾Բһͷ޵ļֵˡ
Ǻǣһͷ޶ѣгġ
ڨڨͷ˵š
Ŷģ
ӲźۼĶ˶ϱ¶һĨЦ⣬ҲΪСĳɲѰš
ȾͻɹǰԲ򵥣ҺпЩ߳СͷޣֱӾͿ϶
޵̣ôõôǵõΪ˸ԼŪһͷǿ˲ٰھӢңŪСһﾹȻ׽ԼȻŪȥʵ˺ܾһʱ䡣
ԣһͷޣˡ
ȻܣǾԲûɣκǻʳֻҪǣǱض
£ǾˣҪϧһд£꣡
Ǻǡ
ûȥҲ΢ĺ˿С
һ̫ˣ
һڣʱƱǰһ
ǸؽѣǽڣһſžӨ͸侧ӨӨ֮ɢؽյһƬá
ؽ֮ڣһƵëϳУһ򳡴СĲֿѻģֻ˿խС
ɨһۣƱ֪ӦֻѶѣһһżƷëϵڽѡ
ջĿ⣬Ҳûʡ


213 
СЩëΣ
ķǺΪƽ΢ҲǸΪࡣ
У
΢ĵ˵ͷǳмȥ΢ɨһ·ϵëϣһ鱻ѡ˳˼ʮңͣ
Ǻǣëϡ
ת΢΢һЦ
Ŷ
һǣʮëϵǻİš
˻
ǹˣʱŵĶʮĿ侧ҲɵĳһٿƵʱϵ֮ɫôҲѹƲס
ڣҲ˵ˣʲô䲻ӮǶǼٵģӵģ
ң⻹ֵֻѡë϶ѣʮëϾͿ˶ʮĿ侧ֱ޷ģǾ۰λΨһĵؼʯʦҲﲻˮ׼
߳˰϶ǿ
Ϊпң˵УһֱһصɴǵĵǸ޷ġ
СֵܹȻҲ
˳𺳵˿ŷĴָ
ĵǰˣʵ̫죬δţҪȥǾҪʳġ
Ǻǣѡ
Ǵ˸ϵûһ˿ĲŰ֪ԼĿѾﵽˡ
Ǻǣѡ
΢΢һ㶣ҲǸ˵ţһʮĿ侧ƯڷǰȻСֵܿģӦСֵܣɲ˼˽̰Ǻǣ
⡭ãҾ͹ˡ
ֻ΢΢ԥϲ̵Ľ侧ָ
ãð
ķ£ϲ
侧ҲʹԸǵĺ⣬Ҳ˵ԼѾõĺøС
߳˵ؽѣǼΪдŷƣһ֮ԣһ͵ׯ԰ƣΪ˷Ƶİȫλڸ߽׵ıڣİΣ
ݵĶתõķҲΪпڻŪǼʯҵǳҲûȥһֱڷС
ڵȵҹ䣬ڴϵķƱ۾
ʦ𣿡
ûʯ֮֮£Ȼƾһ֣ס֮жƷ׵ƱػĻɣϣġ
С֪ļˣ
ûĺǳһ䡣
ٺ٣
ڨڨЦЦʦɶٺ٣
ߣ
ֺõĻһŵֱӴ㡣
š
һϲ˫񻺻иȥͻȻһϢǼӿ룬ֱӳԺУõ˼룬˲˻֮УͷҲһʹð죬Żָһ˿

ҡҡЩµͷ­˫ֲϵද̫ѨŬţũҩӿһŽʹ
ֱǱ
ƺ޵ֱҧһϢ֣ŭŻΪϲ
֮
ૣת
ۣɾͫŴɣ
һ
翣ʹȻصľͬԪǲڵģǣ֮ȴͫӶܶһޣ
Ҳ
˿ипǧ
֮治У֮ͫ䣬ô϶иԼ֪飬˼䣬ЩԼ֪Ũĺġ
磬Ĺżô£ǹַģ
һжһգƺҲ̫
ģƾãĹ϶Ƿ˾춯صĴ¼Ӷ¸ı˵ʱĸ֣ǻĹ֮˼Ϊϡеؼ
һżѰõģǻĹؼЩʯ֮ͫûȣȻʱδܴɣǣ׵ʯʦҲ޷ȣ
˵У˰
Ҳûô
ԣƶʱͼҲȻļ١
δܴɾףȻǻĹؼ
˫⡣
Կ
еļѹȥƻĻָƽ˫һǰ֮ת
ãҲûж˫Ҳû˿ı仯
ô£
ɻ۾ૡ
ٺ٣
ǲϵЦЩϷʵĴ˳Сӣ

ǳ˳顣
ˣνǳ֮ԣֻ֮ϰϵģȡ
ϹԽһǴЦģõķһҧ


214 ͫ
ķݵ߻ͷһۣ̾һĢ́ԬģԬȥ
Լһű̧룬Ԭ̫үжôߡ
ˣ˭ɵģ
ѾԬ׷һŭݵͬһͷŭʨӣǰɪɪҲ˵
Ԭүӣ飬ġ
ݵ߽ľȫ˵˳ֵ»ɣǸΪƷٵ꣬Ӧʳʯҵˣ˴Ӧˡ
ߣ
ԬŭһˣôסĶ

ݵǳ˳飬ҲһĨãңãԼҲδؾǸĶ֡
ңԼһͻȴһǳ⣬£иǲ
˶Ҫӵģرָ߰ʯʦ
ԬϣʱԳȥʣ˵ڣӣھҪǸ½үүˣ
ݵ߳˵꣬ԼֶӣҲŭҴҵ˳ȥ
ԬֱԬһƽһ˫ӨӨ˸˸ڣ⡣
Ҳ֪´ڸݵϣȻߣҲûм
ʮһСӣȻӮĶͫ
۰ǣһУԬĵͫǰֻжƷ׵ľ鲻ѡ
Ԭ鵹ҪǸСӵʲô֮ȻԬң
˼ԶֶԵһӷԸԬףȥķսպҪȥ֪ߵغСӣ
ǣ
һԵԬӦһǿ첽˳ȥ

ϣ
ϴϲ⣬ܲ첽ȥһ·ϣĻǹĳк
š
Ҳ֪ǲãҲ΢ĳЩǵ˵ͷ
һ޹ΧǷһƵʯ飬봦һȫ侧Ĵϣһλ뷢԰׵ϣһɺޱߵϢתš
ڡ
ǰӣ
Ŷ
۾һƬƽɨһǱʵ£
һо
ǹӡ
˵
۾Ҳûֱµ
ǣ
Ӧһ¼һ˵˳֮ؽѵ£Ҳһ˵ˣУûмԼĲ룬оദ
£
۾һĨ⡣
ȷ
ǹĵ
߾İ࣡ڣʲô¶˵㣬һĴʯң˵Ǻ£ԣʾˡ
ôģ
Եĺƽһ۵ͷʵ
ãļң
ش
ܺá
ӦһֵͰȥ飬㲻Ҫǡ
䣬ƺĴʯҵ¡

һϲȥ˿ͷŻ˳⡣
үƺҪ𰡡
ã૵꣬˻ĹؼƼңĸ˵ļɡ
ָֻ˼žֻһɺ嫵Ϣš

ʱ峿һ⸡֣ϵŶ׽֮һĨϹ¶˳ޱߵĿ
ƿ˴ԶǼĨɫʱ;Щ١
ͽô
ʣɫþͷ֮Ҫ
ʼɡ
ص齣ã΢΢˿ȫȥ
ĬĬģ֮˫΢Ķ˼Σƺһ㵭Ϲ⣬ֻǺܲԶѡ
󣬷ƱǸоԼһ˫۾ƺѾŻһ㣬һõһ˫Щۡ
ˣ
һϲǸ֮Щ֮ʹֱӾͽ֮˹ȥ
ؼƺһε˿ߣʵƺܵǣĳۼȥʱƵ֮ϣһϹ⣬Զ䣬һš
ԼʱϵǻĵȥǹȣҲɢ١
ô£
۾ڣһĨɫһţɻ֮ɫ̧ͷǼѾ˵ա
ԭѾˡ
΢ĺ˿̾һ
Ҫʵ̫ˣֻ糿Ҳôʱʱ䣬ȥҪɣƱҪ̫ʱ䡣


215 
Կ
ѹеƣԵЩԾԣҪʶʶͫܵΡ
£Ǵӽָóһë
ëϳɫĺãԶۿɼֵǧң

˿ƱѹЩ̬֮ͫ
Ƕͫ׵ĨҲƺһ㵭ɫȻܵȴʵĴڡ
ϹӿϣƱǾǰһһЩ仯ƺ粻ͬˣؼ䣬Ÿɫƺصıʡ
ƱǸеһʹͬһ㣬õϽë֮ϡ
ף
ƾȳ
ʱͫڣԭƵëϣʱͬʧȥ˹һ㣬ҲԵúΪ㣬ûʲôëԵúΪͨ
Ʊʣѵνıʣ
ֻǿһۣƱʹŵʯʦжëϵĺû
ӦͫδɣԣЩڣɣôӦþһͨʯͷ˰ɡ
һƵҲһĨЦ⡣
ҲȾ֪ǿϣȻ϶֮Ǻϡ
ƱǾЩɬԭڵԪȻѾĵĲˡ
̫Ԫˡ
ͫڵȥǰָֻԭеëϵҲٴϡ
ֻһЧѾܲˡ
ȻûпëϵıʣǣѾܸˡ
ƹӣ
⣬һ𣬷ĳԼõһ֮һ
ʲô£
һƱǴ˳ȥʵ
Ƿ룬˵¸֪
ӵͷȥΪ˵
գۿ̬ȣǶǽֺһ㣬˵¼֮󣬶漣꣬ѡ
ˣǼֱǲܵģֻһ˵ˣдôҲöǰ̬ȡ
ӣǱضرĵط
Ŷã߰ɣ
ӦһĴ£һǳס˹ȥ

ֵܣ
ķƹһЦӭ˹Ľ˽ȥ
̬ȣĿɿڴҲЩ⡣
ȻֵƣƺԼֵɣ
ȻƲ֪ѾԼҵˣңҲ֪ʲôҡ
ֵܣ˯Ŀɺã
õڵϿɣˬķƻһһ㶡
ȿȣ
ķǴ㵵ɫŵģԬһӡ
˵ţӵݹơ
Ԭң
¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬չһȻսˡ
㲢ûгϣСģϵĲ͹ˣ
ǾҪʲôˡ
Ƶ˼תֻǱѡĳɹʣǺСڣû˿ĿԣѡƷףȻѾ֮ãԼܵеĹһ꾭ʯ֡
ϴεѡʯƾãαѡƷ׵ĿҪ󣬵£üͷ΢壬Ըпա
䣬ɲҪģᱩ¶Լ㣬鷳
лϡ
˹֣һЦ⡣
ֵﻰ
ƵĿõ󳩣ϵЦҲĸŨ
ǿһƱֻصׯ԰ڡ
ҪŪ侧УȻͻ飬ȥһżĹء
ڴϣƿʼ˼֮¡
侧˵ǱزٵģӵǾʹӵһнϵս̶ܸȵţӵˣ϶١
ȻĹ֮УҲȥۣʶһʲôżĹأȻܵõһĹؼǾͷˡ
ȵһǧ侧ڷ˵ʵѾû̫ջˣ˵ǴӦ˻룬Ҫģʥɽ
ʥɽ̫ĴˣҲص˼£ǿߵľۼأĴڣ뵽˺ʳÿһ˵֮ڡ
˵ʳڣûһǲʥɽģֹǸԼȥҪģģǲŽǿߣ
Ϊÿһ˶һţؼ
ǣʥɽҪʵ̫ϸˣÿʮ꣬ѡˣٸ룬ἤҵεȵĳ̶ȡ
ʳż˼ʮĶӦȫɡ
ȻİɣǣԵģֻǺʳʣµĶѣëϷ棬ʳ϶Լõһ֡


216 
˼·Ѿ壬ƱǿʼĵУÿϣʱͫʱ䣬ǱزٵģǣƺҲûʲôھ磬żֻ֣ƺʲôֻѾĽţȴǷŲȥʵƵĺܡ
⼸죬ԬҪһ֣ԣҲǲھ۰Ԭһ֪ͨʯңʱһͬۿ
һǺƷٵϢʱȫǵĶͽǷˡ
Уƾǵ֮һУ߽֮ʯʦҪ죬ԣƵĺ֮Ԭ滹Ҫߵ࣬㣬Ԭʮջ𣬸ǶԷƺ֮ǡ
ڽգķ
ķڣϴһͱͽǼıˣһΣҲˣȫģ֮ǸԶƤЦⲻЦĴк
ûоԵĵˣҲûоԵѣЩУһУУ
ɢ󣬷Ʊ۾âӶϸĻȻģȴ֮ǰҪࡣ
Ǻǣ㲻ǰôҵҪһ
һȵЦ⣬µô齣ϴˢһ˳ȥ
ʯҵˣͿ͸ˣ۰ڣһֱŵ״̬Ϊ棬۰ǵҲԵ޹ʵȥǣԣǶߣֻзеĻȥǵĴڡ
ԣǸ߰ģԼҲΪԼһȣ˵ģҲõģ
ԬҳΪҵһʯɣ
ǹճһĻȡ
ԬһУʯҵ˴Ӷķſ߽ʱ򣬷ҲôӲ˽ʱĶͽкҲ޼ӣŶͽһһʾ⡣
˴ʦ
˴ʦɷǣ
һЩԬҵ˲ɵɫǾ䣬Ԭһࡣ
۰ǣҲЩģʯ֮ľ飬ҲŽǰʮڣȴΪЩͽǿеЦϣܵˣ
ߣ
£Ԭһӿȫ

ŴЦ˳վڷǰǹֱ
ƲǴʦΪԬ飬žҪƳ
лϡ
˿ŵķٿԬʱɫ˲䣬ǣƹ˹ȥվԬǰ档
֪֣Լڱضʧ£յԬ棬Ҳ顣
Ҫսң
ϾǲмƺսûȤһҲЯŨŨĳ
㣡
Ԭֱֱָۣŷƣȴ˵
ȷսǣԷƴʱ˵ζͲͬˣƺ߶ǿߵơ
ѵҪսң
ǣĿԬ˵ɨͣɫΪ԰׵Ԭϡ
սǲԣǣԬұ뽫ϴεĶծˣȻҺԬҵĳŰ
һõԬɫְףࡣ
⣬ֱͬڴԬҵ
һҪ㣬ʲôҪʣţ
õ
ԬһɭȻһͷ׷ƮȻ۾ŭɣͺ
˵ʲôô
ԣƸƵĵ󱲶ǰ̳ģˣһΣȻˣǲװεծ
̱һ˿棬Ԭֱ֮
ԬĴڰԭҲֻǸֶѣ˭֪ȴ˷ƹԬҵĽͻƿڣҧ䣬һѪ˳
һ˫ȣͬǦһ㣬ÿһǶǺķȫľ飬Ϲ£ɫԵޱȡ
˳Ԭ۾һɣĺǳˣʲô
ڣԬҵжһһ˵ȻˣˣĶˣ
ԬĿںѪԵޱȵı׳׳ʿһȥⲻļơ
飡
ʮ˫۾ע£Ԭҵĵһţȥ۾ᣬдѪӸǶѡ
ԬҴޣԭЩʯһͬǰΪ˸ԬģڡԼֵˡ
رĶЩ֪ԬӮ꣬ԬҲ޷ָˣʱһ˫˫۾ŭǵӰ
һеĻԴ
ˣүүͱˣ
Ԭſ֮ʣƳ
˵ǣСӽ϶ڣԼүүԼʲôˣ
ڣˣ
ŭԬ鷴һ䣬ŭ۴³Ǻ޲ýưƤ


217 Ĵ
⣡ΪʲôҪ⣿
ҡҡͷһĿԬ飬˵ЩһûһˬģȻҪģǾҪжעҲµģĸǿƵģ뵱ʱģҲҪģעҲԼģôڸҵĴˣ
ǰ䲻ͲҪ
ǾǣʯѵΪ˴ģ
ٺ٣
ʱϾʹָĳ֮õһʯҵɫȫһƬ࣬һ˫˫ŭڵɨȺЩŻȥ
ʯңǿɲǺ飬մ֣ˮ͵͵Уţȴû˸
ߣΣģ
Ԭѹѹ˫ŷƣ˵ҵҪʯ֮˺ֵĵزȻ˵Ĳ񣡡
ʯ֮
¶һЦЦ飬˱ǣѵ㲻֪Ҹʯ֮ôʲôʱ˵һʯ֮
ߣ㲻Ҷģ
ԬһмɫǱĵĿŷơ
ʯ֮ҵȷҡ
ֱӾôһЦ˵ţû˿ں
㣡
Ԭ˸ûԤϷƾȻ˵ǿӵʯ֮ˣһǸ֮߰ս֪䣬ҲӲͷƤϣΪǺӡ
Ƿƣȴʮࡣ
ôشȫǴ㵵ĿҲĸ⡣
ٺ٣
Ц⣬Ҵֻ˵һõˣǿǧҪˣԣԣҪҶʲôʯ֮
˽ͣõĶͽǷ׷¶ȻЦ⡣
ӽ飬ֻĻδҲ̫ˡ
Ҳȷһֱ˵Լֻöѣδ˵Լʯ֮
ߣô
Ԭһ۾ƺӷϿʲô
ǣעҪʧˡ
߿ëѡĿ侧⼸ҲļˣټϾҲпܵġ
ǣȴԬѡëϣȻԼҳһĿΪֲ̫ˣ
ԣģҶģãҪôӵͫҪôֻӵиӦ侧Ⲩѡ
жϣӽߡ
ûѡ
ʼ򣬡ԶҺģǣҪʲôʯ֮ˡҲԸ㡣
ʯ֮ܿë̺ƷףǷĿǰȱݣܶģһ׼䡣
꣡
̬ȣõʯҵ޲ϣ׷ױʾģΪΪʯҶ
ķˣβԼʯ֮ԬҲĸΣһ˫۾˸
ģģģ·ƾʱ֮С
ƺδѵֻܸӦ侧ɣ
ķƵϹһ飬Ԭ۾
۾ƵҲһźۼЦ⡣
֪Ϲˣ
ãǾͶ
Ԭ˶٣ֵǣεĶķҪһġ
Ŷôģ
ǣʵ
ǸѡһҵëϣΪʤ侧ڣ
Ԭһ˫۾â˸ŷ΢΢㵵飬иǵⲻѡ

ԵЩԥˣĿƺ˴Ѩһ㣬Щ̻̲
ô㲻ô
ķԥԬ͸ˣƵĵϵϣ¶һĨһĨЦ
ȷҵһֱܺã
ΪβҶģ
˵ҲôľͶģѵһ㲻ɣ
ƺǱһ㣬ЩĴӦȵעʲôǹ¿ͷɣû˼εĶע˵㣡
ߣ㣡
ڶעԬ鲢⣬ģҪӮСӣӮԼ
ٺ٣
ǣ˵ϣܷСһＫƷΪע
˻һýԾ
ƷǼ۸ٶǼǧ֮һ⣬ԵǸֵڽңҼƷһֱмС
һעǧĶԼͽ޲ľѣǺһ˫˫ɫǿǵӰ
ƷһڣǸʯҵҲΪ֮ݡ
ֶʮǿ֮һһܳһ飬Ǿܲˣʱ꣬ʮҲѵĳôһ顣
Ͼ˵֪УƷѾǼµĴˣ
£ԬҲüͷ
ƷԬȻм飬Ҳ߰˽ңǣǿǧĻΪעʵ̫ݳˣ


218 ¶ͫ
һＫƷû⡣
Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ЦĴӦ
ڷƵڵؽһ֮ŲɣһＫƷȻأǴӦ
ңҪǣŷƻ䣡
ԥĴӦȫһƬͽǷ׷𾪵Ŀˣ벻ͨΪηơ
ԬҵˣҲΪɫĸӵĲÿ
ȻǸ߰лǺ׵ģ۰ĴЩʯң
ֱӾ͵ˣҲ˵ΪƵļֵǣ⣬˵Ǹõźš
ΪĴӦЩʯҵˣĿҲ˸
վλãǿҪһĴ۵ġ
һУ
ʱǿŷƵ飬ͻ࣬٣ûдŵˡ
лϡ
ƳмһЦתټԬǺŵӣǲźۼƣƵôԬүӶĲô
㣡
һԬһͨ죬ΧЩЩϷʵĿ⣬ʱѪ壬ȵ˭˵ҶģľͶģһＫƷȥã
ڣ
һһ
ҽȥã
תԬֱӳˮĭֱӽһ
ߣ
ȥԬԬһתһɭĿŷơ
Сǡ
ϵڷԺ
ٺ٣
ǣЦһ
Ҫľһõ벻ȻȻˬ
֪Ӧ˵ˣӣԬҵĵҲ֮ࡣ
ԬûжԥʹӦҲ԰ա
Ļ治డôӦþûɵĻˡ
úԬ˼ƷҲǷ֣óһݸơ
ٺ٣
Цһüͷ˵ǾͿʼɣһëڣѡΪʤ
ŵģԬü⣬֣ԼԽԽ͸ǰˣЩϷʵͻȻ䣬Ȼһɶη塣
һ˽ϣֱ˵ڶЩڷŵëϲǳɫǿͷǶҪõĶ࣬ͬʱļλҲһɨȥʮϣʮҲ
һ£ƹƣһңҲѡ߰˿ңһԵԬ飬΢΢ü䡣
ԬҲԣϹʵҲЩ˽⡣
ë֮Уֻǵѡ侧⣬ԬҲܴﵽ֮ǣѡҲңļʣѾǲˣҲʯʦˣǣСԱǸûıȡ
Ԭүӣʹˣһѡɡ
˷ëϵļԣͣס˽ŲԬ飬˵
ţ
Ԭ۾ĬŵҾãѡɣҸٵ
Ҳã
ǵĻȣǳȥ
ѵô
ţƵ˿ЦĸΪŹ֡

֣óһ侧
뱩¶һЩˣȻ϶⵽һЩɡ
ʮ˫۾ע£λΪ֮꣬˫֮ϣһ㵭Ϲ⣬˳
ͫ
ţʯʦ
˻ѵǰֻƾԼľʹﵽǰĵزô
̫ˣ
Ȼȫڷ֮ͫʱͷ
ôܣ
ԬҵȫһңԬҲһġ
ԭûʹֻͫǻɶѣڣĵĸе־塣
ûʹͫ£ѾﵽǰĵزôʹͫﵽһĿֲز
ʱվһԵЩʯҵˣǷ׷׵뿪ԬΧǱ˽ȥĳ棬Ԭҵ˸ĺ
ԬģѾɵˣⶶૣˣ
¶ˣģ벻Լ꣬ȻӵܣԼļ壬ҲҪɴˡ
ˣǣȴѾˣ
һԵǣҲ׷ױʾȻ
УΪ£ƣʯңǾˣȼʯҵҪء
ڣŷ˫ͫǺˣԼûƣķȻٿһЦݣжǴޡ

˫ֻͫ΢΢һ㶣һĨЦ͸ǣԽԽһЦʹз쳹ȫ


219 
ͫȻ˲Ǻͫڳڷϣ˶ǽ߽ͫ׵ʯ֮һ࣬ң˵Ŀܻʲô
Ͼƴǵ̫ˡ
ЦĿƣĿɨܣɱģͬʱԬҵΧվһķ
оֱӾͰ˵ڷ㣬ԴˣԬȻޣҲ޿κΣϾǶɱġ
ΧЩת䣬ƿУһаȵĻȣ΢΢һЦǳһ԰ڷëϵļȥ
Ϊͫһ˫ʱ̵ĶͬĪĻţһۣ飬亹ӱϵҲ΢΢ʪ
һ;Ҫö٣ƱҪ٣ʯ֮ҲһԽǸ߽ףԽǿҪƿǶҪ޷Ĵۣ
ͱ磬䣡
ȻʹǻһˣƱػܣڳ쾧ķƻ˵Ⲣʲôһ㣡
â˸Ƶƴһëɨûؿڱ£ͽǿëѡڴȦ˰ʱңѡ߿ëϡ
ʵȻͫǣȴɲǺܴ󣬲ΪͫܣΣѡëǷǱȽģţ󣬿϶ȫǡ
ɨһ۵ϵ߿ëϣǵЦŨˡ
ʵ߿ëϣʯҵУǲôǣ괴ô漣ʱҲû˵ʲôֻڵͫȴҲûɢϸϸĹ۲ŷѡϡ
ţ߿ë֮п϶ŲԣǱڹ۲죬Щ浽ʲô֮ͬ
ˣ
ɫЩ̵Ԭ飬Ʊ˱죬ѵ

Ԭ˿ҧҧǳһԵļȥ
ͬģҲóһ侧ţ˫ŷһ貵
֪һεĶԼ¹Ԭҵ˥ȻѾûжʤ㣬Ҳǻȫһ
ѡëѡĺÿһǾϸѡһһΣ·ҲǱˮʪϣƶСĺΣϵ¡
һѡѡʱͬҲѡ߿飬ѡԬҲӽˣɢȥ֮ͫҲЩġ
ڣĶ
Ԭǰסϳ˻ںޡ
ɵӡ
Ԭֱûйڵ
һֱԬ鶼ǽԬĵԬϣԣ̬ȺΪݣ첻µزµĸԣϣȴ˻Եѣûй㵽ġ
ͬʮĿëİڷͬԬѡĳɫҲǿƣǴʱȴûΪãԬҵˣҲû˸е˷ܣ෴ģһüͷ϶һĵ֮ɫ
ڷ¶˫ͫѾûٸС෴ģ˭η塣
˫ѡô
ʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
ţ
ٴɨɨԼѡëϣɨɨѡëϣԬѵĵ˵ͷ
ǾͿʼʯˣ
ԷģڿϵЦ⣬Ǻǣ˫΢΢һëϱǷ֮ϡ
ɯɯ
ëϻСһ׷£ʮ˫۾һգգĶţǴĳһһ㡣
ëϲϵСԬÿһ˶ԵøĽţһϣӿŵ
ˣ
֪˭һʱԬǿëϾðһǾӨ
侧
Ԭ׬ˣʮһ侧ֵˣ
ٺ٣
䳰ȷ֮Ĵ𣬾ЩʯҵҲǹճһĨЦ⣬ЩǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣ׷׶ͶϧĿ⡣
侧ԬһԬķס
΢΢þǽëϵѿȥһ侧׸Ԭ飬ϲ
ƽȷ׬ˣڣֻǸԬĺ
ԼʣԼֻһϣǻȴƫƫˣһ侧Ǿʹһ飬ɹҲһ㡣
ɯɯ
Ƶǿëϻʣһ룬ɯɯǽĿǣ˹ȥ
ˣ
Ԭҵϸǲ԰ףΪëϵĲߣһĨĹ˳
ģȻһ
ȻƷ
ëϵ룬һʯҵ˾һ
ֻҪƷ׵ÿһﶼϰңƷ׵ĲͬλҲȻͬƷĻÿһǶǼǧҼ㡣


220 ͻ
ϲƹӣ
ϲ
ƴʦʯ֮Ȼʰ·磡
ʯҵˣһǰ϶ǶѻЦݣֺõ˵ţмֱӾͳƷΪʦˡ
ϲƴʦ
ЩĴҲޱȿĳ֣Ҳһ⡣
Ǻǣлλ
Ҳûһӣܹʾ⣬û˾ͳֲưţЩͽҲһ㣬ı֣õĶͽǸп֣вɵģǶʯʦһЩøС
ֵܣϲ
ҲһЦ⣬Ľݸơ
ȫģˡ
Ǻǣлϡ
ĳԬ˲ɵĵ׶һɾڿЩվԼԵе˿ңҲ׵ĻΪС
ɯɯ
ëٴαץϵĳͬѩµء
ڵһëϾͿƷ֮󣬼˶Ϊƿ϶Ӯˣԣ۵ǣѡ߿ëУ״ڶٿ
ˣ
һĨĹâֳǾ˵ľ
ΣԬǿëҲһƷǱȴûǣͷȴַǷЩʯʵĴǽ߾ܵҪ
ɯɯ
ëϣ˫Ƕһȡ
ɯɯ
ĿëϣƵٴοһƷʱϼǷˣǿͷҲңҲ˵ƷֵѾǧ
ϲϲ
Ǻǣлл
ָƲпĽʵ̫׬ˣ
侧ضǣΪ±׷ɱɨȫǣЩëȫ⣡
ȻֻѣңûСһô׬ôĺ׬ô۰Ҳ˶Ķͽˡ
ѾԬͷѾ̱ڵأԬһߵĸԬ飬ӲסĶţһ˫ڣǻںޡ
Ŀëϣͳֵ˵˷Ƶ˫ͫĿֲ
ţϲ¶һĨЦ
֮ǰԼû֮һСӣȻûжͫԼǸʱԼΪ˼ǸϷˣԼԼһСѣԼûĸʸ䶯ͫ
ǺĿɱ
ؽҧһѪ̵ζڿУǿŸ߰ģ׵֧顣
ӣǶ̫ǿˡ
ԬͷǼԬĵģ΢ֵĻվû˵ڣһֻЩֱۣĵֱο
ɯɯ
ëɯɯбСԬҵѾʧȥϣǺЩкʯҵˣһЩĴһûһţЩеĻȻöģȴҲûб¶
̫ˣ
ƲпЩĴҲˣЩʯҵ˵оȴǲҹά
Ԭģڣȴֱûκ׵ľͷˣˣɲ׽ָԼܻߴôЩҲľͷ
ĽƵǷϣԬģٴεĿһ顭侧
ʱȫЦҲ̿ѡ
ɯɯ
ëϱץ׷£ѾǶѻ˺ܸߡ
Σٴγ⣬һһ鿪һıȶ˻ʣһëϣñˣѾӮˡ
ÿô
Ԭ黽һ䣬ûʲô¶
ˣ
ƿһԵԬģЩΡΡ˹ķڷ
Ǻǣֻöѡ
ϰԵĻһ䣬ʱĺЦ
仰ƺѾĿͷˣҲʤԡ
Ǻǣ
Ԭ˳ǣ֣óһļƷĳŷƵ˹ȥ
Ƕע
ɫһ˿Ц
Ǻǣл
ǰЩϲĳץȥ
⣬ټϺɵöˣٶԴһƷţиǻϲ
СģСӣ
ϵĽԺкȻ΢㶣̧ͷƱǼԬǳƣԪ˸˸ĳԼ˹£ðһ֣μٺˡ
ˣôܿĹԬ飿
飡
ӵܵȭͷֱӾڷƵؿڣʱعֱӶ飬쳹ȫֱȥ
ͣ
һѪҲҷ˳ȥѪ䣬Ⱥ֮ڣ֪


221 ץ
˱ʣȫûһԤϵҲһûзӦĨ۵Ѫ⣬һ
ƥ
ֱۣһ۶һƣֱӽԬķ˳ȥ
һУ̫ˣͽֻǰһӰǸѪƷ˳ȥǵڵûʲôϢӰ޲һ
һƣǳŷȥĶͷð˺ˮ
Уƿ϶ЩҵӵܣҪԼĵ̳£ţ亹ֱð
һ°
̱ǣ΢Сû꣬о
Ͻȥҩʦ
ǳһ䣬һڼǿٵĳȥ
ȿȣ
ײӣһëϹµأҵڿѪԬ˼ѪĿȴһֱԶǵصӰ¶һĨѪЦ
ȷ֪ԼˣԬҵѾȫʧʩѹôԬҰǳ£
һеĻǾǷƣֻн˷ƣԬҲпܼȥϾʯңÿһңںʳǶǼɹԴԣֻҪˣôԬҾͻлᴫȥ
ڣ
Ԭȫ˹ȥһȺķΧס
ڣǡ
ŲѪˣԬвˮ˳¡
ɵӣޣպԬһҪˣ
ԬֱۣĨȥ۽ǵˮ
˲Ԭң
һ˹ֻǵڵϣѾжȥ꣬ȴǿһ˫ڣǱ䣬û˿С
ôܣ
˲һʦ꣬۷ȫһȻû
ֵܣû£
ķɫʱͻһϲһ
ȿȣ
ȳѪҲٴ̱һЦǿĵˡ
ڷѣ㿪һȻǾͲˣֱӱͳ׵ˣũҩҲû취
ҲܲңŵĹȫ飬ڵҲشԪҲһƬңһζشҲǸѵ̵Ľѵ
סҩʦϾˣ
ķݵţҲҶɫңЩٵĵ
Ʋ
ǣѾˣΪڵشõѾ׻˹ȥҲһƬڰ֮ڣѲ
֮ǰĳֻСһԹ
Ѿģûʲôٶȿ찡
ȻѾˣǣڵũҩ֮ϵö鵤ȴɢһҩԣڿٵ޸ڵһС
ˣ
ȷϷֻǻ֮վһɫҲЩޱߵϢʣõΧһˡ
ܣȻܵģ
ץ
ǺԥľͽԬһס
Ȼķҹͣһֻһ
⻰ԬһңԬֱӻ˹ȥ
ôҲû뵽ƾȻԼһڣǸԬҴ˻Եѣǧļҵʹ˻һ
˭Ҳû뵽Ľ־ȻΪƷٵ꣬δ֪ԬңǻˣºԬҾֱӱľӢŰΧֻһ£Ǳ᳹׵
ЩƵ֮ͫҲȻһûпǣë֮ھѡĿ壬иƷͣѾ˾۰ǵһʯʦ
ȫһƬԾ𾪣ƷٵĴ׵쳹۰ǣ
һ˵СӣǴʦ

ҩʦܿͱˣ߽׵ġ
ʦæһҪţ
ٵӭóһװʮ侧С˹ȥ
ȿ˵
ҩʦҲ֪ﲻգĴ£˷ƵĴԡ
ֻϵķֽ˫գޣѪ߰ߣŸǿֲȥ֮ңȻţõҩʦȲѡ
ʱǸѾ͹ˣԣҲ֪˷ƴ˵ɣҲûʡ
Կ
ֻһҩʦѣĴˣûΣ㣬ҲǷǳҪ۰ΨһһλؼҩʦʱѾˡ
ؼҩʦǼӿɲһĴ˼ҲΪԼǾ۰ʮʵ֮һͻӣôûȫˣſܻ֣ǸʱѾǼˣһشˣȵ


222 ҩı¶
˵䣬ҩʦӿһҩĿ£ҩԸڷƵλãΪӹ⡣
ģĶͷҲðˮֻ֣óһҩǳſͣһֱڲҩԵģһԣҲڽŵĵȴš
£ѾǺСˣȴû뵽Ԭ龹ȻŵʱôͻȻĶ֡

ķƵɫûкת̾һɫǼΪѿ
ܴصģ࣡
ʱңһĹͷ˺ѵļǱ޸ˣֻǣЩܴ࣬ȴǳٳٲת
Ѿˡ
ϵҩԣĨĨͷϵĺҩʦЩƣĵ
ʦ鷳㾡
ٴνСݸǳϿҵĵ
귻֪ġ
ʦУҲ֪λؼʦ룬ȴϲã
ֱӽУһɬĵ
ðɣҾ
СպãҩʦֵǻҪ鷳귻ȥ׼һЩҩҲά֡
˵һѵҩƣֱȥ׼
˳ҩʦٴҩԣڷѾ޸ϣҩԻڣȥ޸Щܵشࡣ
ף
һӴҩʦüͷӾɻ֮ɫ
ʦôˣ
һǽ
ҩʦû˵Ǳ˫ȥӦڵ״ޱȵ۾
ôܣ
ֱѿڶȻܵ𺳻һ㡣
ôˣ
ǽš
ڣһǿҩԣһֱڻ޸ܴ࣡
ҩʦǲ˵ģڣһƬ˼֮ɫ
޸࣬Ǳضǵؼҩ䣡
ʲô
һҲһȻãŽƽʵʦ˼ؼҩ䣿
û
ҩʦҲջϵҩԣɴ𺳣صĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ޷ţǣղŵĸоǹ޸ҩԣҲǵؼҩ䣡
һؼҩ䣬ȴǴһڣţɵٴε
ΪҩʦȻ֪ؼҩǴʲô룬ںʳ֮ڣҩʦ˵ǲǣؼҩʦȴôλʶһλȻ󣬾۰һλ
ڣֶΪƷٵ꣡
˻
õȷϣ̲סһŴŵķƣ˫ڣ֮ɫ
ãȻ
ҲǣҵˣӵһؼҩҲʲô
˷ʯ֮һؼҩ䣬ƺһбĺܺˡ
ţ»̲ס˳顣
ĶѾΪ˺ôǰԾһֻĹˣ
Ȼˡ
ٴΪư˰ȷһҩʦ˿վ֣Сٴ˳Ҳ£ֻҪ귻ڴʦǰԼ䣬Ǿ㹻ˡ
Ȼûӣ¶΢Цʦ£Ӧõġ
֪û£Ҳ󳩣ʮ侧˵ʲô
λʦķȱһλҩʦ֪ûȤ
һЦĿ𾪵ҩʦķӦҲ⡣
л귻
ҩʦϲֱӾʹӦ
ǰҪһڣ֪зؼҩʦ⣬£ң
Ǻǣʦˣ
΢΢һЦʵʦƣҪòŻָ
һ죡
˵꣬ҩʦֽ͵Ϊλʦʶ״̬޸ľͱȽǰʱ޸ˡ
˵ҩʦѾԴʦ֮ƺˣҩʦ磬Ƚ׸ΪɭϣһףǾǴʦˣ

˿â˸˸ԬҵˣȻҶ֣ߣ
ŭˣƳ£ҷŭǸܹܵġ
һʱô
ૣԬңʧˣ
ϣɷڣõһԵҩʦΪľ
ͰѴʦˣʲôҪǻһС
ɢȥϵɷǻһƽλҩʦһٽڼɨһɫ԰׵ķƣ˳ȥǳ
Ǿڷ֮ǰҪԬҴԲȡĺøС
ϣƵ˫üʱʱչƺ˼ʲôһ㡣
˻֮˼һƬ֮УͬǱһռһ㣬ôߣҲ߲ȥ
ģ
ͣĴͻأһĨǳǰõĺʱ


223 
ڰžǰȥ··ͬһܷĿռ䣬ûκεͻأģڰ֮УһȾƬڰ
ûһ˿ףôͻأĳڷƵڡ
ʲô
૳ȴƺȥҲûлҲûɽһƣͬһ̾ᣬӨӨޱߵĺڰ֮УΪۡ
ԥƱǳȥһʱδ߽ƺҲû˿ı仯ƺʼֻԭ̤һ㡣
Ϊʲô
ͣ¶ɻͷ߷֮ϣǿ
ƺɣڣƿɱĳһߴ͵Ӱ񷣬ף˶Ѫͬһ㣬ϣͬ֫壬ѻɽ
Ȼ䣬ƺѵҽɱڶԻصӳһĩ֮
⾿ʲô
ͷھ֮ɫǻ㱼䣬ƺһһⰻȻĴ֮ϣ·𣬳ֳһľ񷣬ֱǹƣ˺ѵأÿŷЩߴӰɫڣֱӱȫ顣
ǾǺεȵܣ
ƸоԼڲǹĳʵ̫ˣĵͿԻأǰܣֱ޷ġ
ѵ
ȻһԺһ
ַ
ƻһھǾ
ǰһĻǴַǺ
ѵɫľ
ʱ򣬷ǹַȡĪڿǰĨ̹⣬û
⡭⡭
̧ͷǿ̹֮еɱڼľѾɢҲǧףãϾֻʣʬɽѪһƵĹ
ѵǻĹǰǳʵӰΪʲôҪսʲô˵ĲһУ
ƺܺ棬ǴЩӰȴǿʲôһȴ֪ǵԲͨܣѾ쾧
ţĺЩ
ڹķڣӻĹž޾£Ȼܲд棬ǳֵ˵Ĳ
ܹȡ
ǷƼҪԭ
Ȼȡ֮ûκεķӦǷģЩɣǲǣҪأ
Խ룬Խÿܣ
Ĺַ
ૣھ˸˸
ÿһĹżǶַ

һӴĹڣҲ۰Ľ
Ҫ㡣
˽۰ǳӿֱӳ֡
ˡ
ҲһЦ⣬ӿ˹֣ȻһԵϡ
ߣ㻹Ц
ӿһȻ¶˵ɣô㾿ʲô
ȻΪ۰ǵʮǿ֮һǣӿЩСûΪǿǺʳ
˵ģĳ۰ǵɱȨҪ˭ǲǷַ¡
ٺ٣
ǳˣҲֻЦˣҲ˷˰ɣ
ߣ
ӿһۣûзĶУ˾ٶֵǷ꣬ͳˡ
ȻѾ֪ˣôԬң
վһص˵
㣡
ӿһ㶣Сѵ֪һʯңԻʳжôԬң˵㣬ңҲȻʳһ׷Σҿɵ𣡡
ģԬҵˣԬҵķҪ
ֱӾ֤ͬʱҲ¶޿κεı顣
û취˼ǳЩҲסģڣһñӿԼܲô
Ŷ
ӿǲźۼ䣬ȴһ࣬㵹˵˵Ǹ˵ʲô֮ȻҲ֪ԬңҺѽ
ԣǳ˳顣
̫۸ˣ
ˣѵѡëϿĿ⻹֤ô
֪ǰֻϺҪڵףҲΣֻ¶ЩˣȻ֮ڣ϶Ԭҡ
ӿûʲôӦΣ˷ۣȥĴ⣬ûʹͫ£ѡʮëϣʮĿ侧Ҿãӵеģǵؼʯ֮һλؼʯʦ룬Ԭܱȵİɣ


224 
Ŷ
һ⻰ӿ۾һҲֳһĨ𾪣ûʹͫ£ܴﵽɵĳɹʡ⣬Ӧòͨĵؼ˰ɣ
ʮѣӵʯ飬ˣһͨĵؼʦ

ӿɫͻأϾ
ˡ
ɫһ㵣Щ֪ɻĿ
˵һţƷ٣ʳʯҵˣֻҾ۰µģ£
ӿɫ£˫۾â˸һȻƣŷͬɺХϯȫ
⡭
һ⻰ɫ䣬ϢһͬϵһСۣ⺣Х֮
ֱأ
ˣ¾޿ܣ
ܱ߻ʳʣһʯţ
ߣ˼أ
ӿһƻɢȥǴһȵĻȣµ⣬Сӣһ£ǾԲ˵ʵģ
ʵһǰѾµĸ߰˰ˣ¶ĻԵҲۺ첻ѣЩˣô˵ԼҲó棬ܽȫռˡ
໳ɣƷ٣Ӧĳҳġ
ӿת䣬ЦѣȴҲû취Ҳ֪£һĵ⣬ǳԲˡ
Ŷô
ӿƺǳԾӡ
ǵģңԻЯһͷ߽׵Ļ̣
˵ͷ֪ЩѾڸǲסֱӾȫ˵˳
ʲô߽׻̣
ӿϵ˿֮ɫֱӾת𾪣˫ĿԲɣĺ˳
߽׻̣һ㴦ڻ޵ϳĵطȥҲǰٷְȥ޻صģңһ̣Ҫġ
һʮ꣬ӵؼͫһʯ֮죬ڣðһͷ߽׻ֵ̣˵ˣĲ󣬿϶һȻҪǣܺʳҲǲ
أðɣ
һ뵽شڻδӿųһ亹Щٵʵ
ˣںʳıǺпܻʳ
ʱû¡
ǲźۼƣȴصĻش
ʱû£
ӿ΢΢˿Ͻȥƴʦ˿ɲϣ
ƣ۰ΨһһλؼҩʦҪ˵λǿ˿ӿͣǣΪ۰Ĵڣԣίһλؼҩʦ
ˡ
ס룬鷳ƴʦˡ
鷳
ӿ㶣ֱЩɵʵѵû˼ࣿ
ش
ʲô˼
ӿЩĪˣһ۾ѵڻѩһλؼҩʦ
Ǻǣ
Цҡҡͷ˵ˣõؼҩʦܿô
ߣ
ӿ÷һһѵǡ
Ǻǣ
Цŵ˵ͷ
˻
ӿļʶԣҲ̲סһ
ңҲûȻ˵ǲͬһ㣬Ҳʵˣǵؼҩʯ֮ͬʱһϣȴû
ϾһһܾͨһѾܲˣȻһϣҲ˵ƿ
Ҳ˵꣬Щҵӵܣ
һҪùϵ
£ӿ¶˾ġ

صĻԬҾ۰ǷΪȻڳϮɱˣԾ۰ǳ㣬壡Ը⣿

һǳȥ
Ԭңֻǲʶʱ񰡡
֮ӿ̾һϧˣǧʯңôˡ
ܻȡǵĺøУǾ㹻ˣ
䣬վźԺȥ
Ҹȥһ

ԬҸˣҲնݳǵͷɱģɱһһֽ֣ʯңҲ
ȫ壬ǧˣڳ⣬ʮ˫۾ע£һԴ֮٣õףǾͬġ
ʮѣͱһǧʯһأɸȫ˾ӡ
ΪƷٵ꣬ʱͱ˶˵ؼʯʦλã

һΪľԺ䣬ݣûлװΣҲûô¥ô۰ڣԵЩ룬ɽҰסһ㣬ǣÿһԺſ߹ˣǶͶȥĿ⡣
ΪǾ۰Ψһһλؼʯʦס


225 Ů϶
ľԺڣֲ滨ݣ˱ǣһֻֻʵڷ裬˾۰Ҳʹһ
԰ڣһСͤһ׷ȻڣҲǼΪأһɫĳ۴ϣڼĨȻЦ⣬õͬһλһ
ݣҲȷǾ۰Ψһһλؼʯʦƽ
󣬻վһһɫεŮŮһ˫ˮӣԵø۾ϸüټϾµСɵӣһˣͱĳ˳
ϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴á
ŮΪϣΪƽΪ۰һŮһʯ֮Ϊ״۰һ֮УûܱȵùҲ˵Ůһһˣ
ʱŮΪ˴һ˫С֣һһص˵ļôţһ½һ£˺ֱӾֹͣˡ
϶
ƽ۾˼ȴûŮзӦǲĲ϶ʲôأô񡣡
ţ
΢΢һ㶣ǷӦ˹ٴΪ˴ԥ΢ӣдүүЩô
ʲôԣ
ƽ۾˿ʵ
Ǹ԰ǸкƷٵˡ
ͣ˴Ķ͵ɫȻδ䣬ǣȴһɺ֮⡣
Ʒ٣˭û˵
ƽ㶣΢΢һİ˰֣ǳ˵ѾͷǴʱ䣬㵹ãôڵүүǰˡ
ǵģүү
Сһ罫ǸƷ˵ĸһģʯ磬ǵһʦһүүѵ㻹֪ô
Ŷ
ƽӦһ䣬һĨЦЦһǾһȥѾͷϽ
үү
ŮЩζĻŮ֪˸ûȥʱЩţģ˵ԬΪѾȥˣȫһʣ
£
ƽٴ۾һĨ⡣
ǧȷ涼ô
ţŮǺΪĽš
ԬңҼǵãҲǸʯ˰ɣӿԬң˵ǸƷٱһʯһҪ
ŮֻƬ֮Уƽͷ߰˰ˣȫˣһΪŮʵѾͷ˵˵ôġ
ֻǳƵϣȴǶһء
š
ϵ˵ͷ˵ǸƷ٣˵ʮ꣬һ紫ӵеؼʯ֮ԬķʯƷһѡ߿ëϣƷͨϣһûүү˵ǲģ
˵䣬ŮҲһĨɻ֮ɫУƽģǣĿʣȴƽҲõЩ٣ʵ
˵أ
ƽЦһɵѾͷԬұˣõĽô
ʵ⻰ҲĲƽ꣬ȻѾԼҲеܲ˼顣
ߣһǲţ
ŮһɫҲ¶һĨ߰
Ϊ۰һһˣ˵ͫϣѾﵽ˵ؼĵزֻǾ黹㹻ѣ񣬱һ˾ôϳˣȻЩ
Ѿͷ
ƽһ䣬֮󣬲ĳģ£Ƕ಻ʤͫʵҲĩѡ
΢΢Щп˸λãӴĶҲͱ˶࣬ȻҲ֪һЩأԣһֱѭѵֺܵ͵̬ҲϼҲŵԷչ֮á
Ŷ
ӦһȴΪȻһ˫ˮڣһ˿ޡ
ϽĴʱһ
ƽûиŮʲô٣˭йЩۣպĳɳҲǺкôġ
Ŷ
ŮӦһС죬Ϊ˿ʼľСͤڣϵĴүĻЦ

˻
ڷƵǲʱһľʹֱϮԺõٴʹȥ
ûԥһ±ǵũҩ֮鵤ҩԣɢȫҩԹȥһʹ˲佽
ڻָѾǰʱˣٴתҩתȫȷûʲôƲ˿
Σҿѣߣʣԭ߽׵ʣڼϱϴӣ˵һڵĽǿҲԣһ´


226 Ｏ侧
ҵ˿ͬʱĳֻСޡ
ƲŲţѾΪ߽׻޻ᵲһ֮ʱֱ޵ģһŭ۾
˰
һֱڴ齱غǸҩʦߣЩϲĺһȴǼķһɷڵģõϵľϲ

ɫһΣڨڨЦЦʵǡ
Ǻǣɡ
ҩʦҲǿЦЦŷƣЩŹ֣޷ɷǶ˭ġ
ֵˣ
պѾ߽ԺӵǼӿٶ˽ķƵɫҲѾָ˺еĵһɨա
ϡ
µĴ齣ƲŷԼϻҲѪ߰ߣ΢΢˳顣
ǳȥȣ
ķƵɫкһ붡˳ȥ
һϣǴЦɫֱӾ֣ë׵Ķֱק˳۾һɭĿ
˯бקСΪջ۾ȴǷһ˫ޱɷԼǰʱСС΢΢һ޹龡ϡ
һ˵ǲǹģ
ƺ޵ֱҧɫĺʵ
Сʶʱ񣬹װһ޹Ŀˮ۾ԵüΪ
꣡
˫۾ֱ飬ȴѹеǹ⣬ֱӽ֮Ŵһӣʼϴˢ
ûǣת֮С˫޹ڣԳһĨԻĵ⣬һ۷ƣ̾ڴ齣۾¡
ϴˢϣһСŻһӣǴ˳ȥ
ٴμ⣬ƲһΪ˵Ĵ
ҲֵڶΣ
һĻЩ£һɫҲ
⣬ۺʱεضܷɾ裡
ǵ֪˻֮飬ԶҲЩмԼպʱ䣬ڵ֪ԬѾ֮ûие⣬ǿһŻص˷ڡ

˿üͷ૵˵ףԼʵ̫ˡ
۰ǣʦǾǵ׵ĴڣһץһѣҲǼΪЩͽҲڵĴڡ
Ϊʲôһֱͻأ
Ƿ벻׵飬˵ǴαںϾѾͻˣȴǲһţһСҲûȥõЩᡣ
ʦ飬ĵʲô
˵ʦǿߵķָߣֻе龳磬߲Ԫ˫Ӷ棬ƿطС
˼ãҲûһ˼·ҡҡͷֻý֮һԡ
ھϣ벽ȥҲȻһֱǴʦ۷壬иı䡣
ϸ룬ԼƺûˣǵҪ糿
ܾɡ
ڣͷҲŰ侧һʱҲܾ쾧ʱѾ߽ס
֪Ϊؼؾʲôӡ
ԳһĨ⡣
Ȼ߽׵ؾõԪ˵ѾǺܲˣǷȴ֪ԽǸ߽׵似ҪԪԽ󣬾羪ն
⻹ֻǵؼͽ׵似ѣ׵ģظΪֲֻµؼؾҲ㲻ˡ
֪Ҫٲܽؼ
˻ͷҲûж룬ֱó侧
Կ
۰ڣûȱ侧ҲһֱӾ侧
Ǵ侧ӿ룬ܾҲٵţһһ飬ܾҲһЩϸ΢ı仯
ô٣
侧ϣܾı仯ȴǼΪ΢Сһƹƣûмǧ侧ˡ
ǧ侧
΢΢üͷ
ҪǷǰһ취ҲûУھͲͬˣСڣȥĸķһʳ
ֻǷˣվ۰ǵĹأʯʦǲĽжʯģԾȥ˼ҳӣԣⲻĵĹأҪصġ
ʲô
ڣ۰ǿ˵û˲ʶԼȥҲɻˣ˼ûҲ˼ȥ
ףˣư
۾һһĨŹֵĻЦǡ
ûǣưԼŵżʱ򣬳𣬾Ѿˡ
治֪ǸøлǻǺˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷԼǱư˱ƽżڵĺɫģȥСûгԼ˼ȥ
ٺ٣
ڵķڣһĨɭȻЦصѣþûͣ


227 ҳ
峿ķ֮һׯ԰ڣҲΪһȴ򿪣ӴܿһڴϣϣõӣҲмָ㡣
ǣһ˫
һűϣƺͫҲȼһ㣬ͷϣһҲ˳
ʱţʵ˵ƽߣůƬأȥ޵
Ϊ貶ҫ۵֣ϵǻĵȥ
ʱʵ̫ˣ
ϵɢȥƱ۾Ѿգ΢΢˱죬ȴҲ޿κΡ
ԽĶԽԳɾͣһʹˣǱضʲôöҪ˿̣ԣδܴɣҲܱ׵ʯͫ
ϴˢһƱ߳ȥ
ˣ
ķƳӭȥǹĶŷƳƺš
ǡ
΢΢һ㶣ʵ
Բ֮ǰɨһۣȻΪΣǣƱǾã̺ǹƺҪ֮ǰλ
Ƿ˵Ļģ
һ͵
ԭϵˡ
΢΢һЦΪԼİΣȻҲˣƹƣΪൽңҲпܡ
ˣλˣ
ɫһЦ⣬û˿ļӣӹ˹֡
Ӧģ
Ϊп˵
ԭǿΪؼʯʦ꣬һĸź֣ദȴȫ±΢΢˿
ãҪȥһˣǾλˡ
ԭΪȥƶķһĵǣǣ֮󣬷ƾҲûе֮ˡ
Լô֣ƶķҲķԣǱȻ
ǣڼĻƱǳķ棬Ķͽ׷ͣ½Ųк
ǵ˴ʦֳˡ
ʦˣõ졣
ʦִȥ˰
ҲûмӣֱӾǴһѣĵҲȽϿģķͽ¶ѡ
Եؼʯʦݣȴûһӣһˣ
Ǻǣȥƶķ棡
ˣǣֱ˵
ƶķ
Щͽϴһƶķ˵ƣʱ˵ȥƶķҲ׷Ȼ
ãһȥʦôʯģ

ôһ壬ͽԽԽ࣬ƺƵ˱ǳųƶķȥ
ԭһ˶ͽƶķĹܼһú⣬߳ķ֮ŴϲɫӣֱӾˡ
ôӭô
һɫƲЦסЦ⣬üͷЩʵʵ
ĳҲǽĸŷԣһ˫۾â˸˸ֱǸƶķĹܼҡ
ûô᲻ӭ
Ӻݺݵĳ˳飬Ϊǿļһ˿ȿ޻ѿЦ⣬ÿ÷Ƶӿ˽ȥ
ƣǾӵģҲ֪ҲһεĻᣬҲ˼ɣֱӾߵ˵һżӡ
ܼңȼסǮѡһˡ
תƳЦЦ
áá
֪ΪΣķζܼҾЩ쬵ģӿһɼΪõԤС
Ȼ
ַҲóڷţⲻǿô
ĨһëϣеСûзӦƱǽˣ˵֮һ飬Ҳǲϵҡͷ
һٶõĶͽǷ׷壬ƶķǸֱܼһ࣬ɫ
ҳˣ
дһͨ죬Ŀ£ȴǲ˵ʲôֻܽҲҶһ¡
ϾѾһԬΪԬҵĸ𣬱þ۰ʶһ˵ʯʦ
ϣпϵˣ
һһȥԼҲаٿˣƵؿڱһӣʱ΢ϲǿëϣתǸܼҵܼң¼۸񡣡
ǡǡ
ܼҲӦֻܼ¼λͬʱҪЦЦȷǱȿ޻ѿ
ڹܼҼ¼۸֮󣬷Ʊǵʼʯ
˵ܲܿ
׷£ҲǳܵĶͽһ
⻹˵ʦѡϣǾϣ
ʦ㿪ٻȥ
ʦҲѡ氡
ķƵоͽǷ׷ףƶķëϣˣ


228 Ǹ
ܿģһ¥͸ֵĲ࣬ƶķ֮Ҳǰδе֣漷ļûʲô϶ȻҲһ׬żһëϵݸһԵĶͽõĳΪ֣Ҳﵽ˷е㡣
ƶķͶʯһ¥ƾʮ侧ͬʱҲõĶͽ겻ѣǧë棬Ȼʮ侧ⲻӵô
ȻÿҶķǲˣ֪󣬶ͽǷ׷׻ǸеܲˣЩͽ볰ƶķܼϸǺɫ
߶¥ȥ
һëһӣƱǴͷŶ¥ȥ
ʮ侧ôǺܴ
һ϶¥ܼұųܲȥ
ڵ֪龭֮󣬳ưɫҲǼÿһһģԵЩŤҲâ˸
벻һеȥֹƵΪȥɱһ뵽Ԭҵ³䲻Ĵ˸
ţڳƶķ£Ǹô죿

һһɭվߣ
ɲΪԼưڳлԬأ

¥ëϱһ¥ĹϼͬʱļҲǺܸߵģҲܿĳΪ˻侧ֱӾͽȡ侧ܱˣͣԳǻ
ƽ¥ѡ˲һʱ򣬳ưױǴһȺ˸˹
ƴʦ٣ĳʧԶӭ
һЦųŷ
ͽҲÿһͬʱߵҲԪĶһĿĳƿס
Ŷ
Ƽˣϸǹһ޵Ц⡣
ķܿ侧϶мǧ֮࣬ǣԼÿ֣Լֵ𣬵ǳƶķȴ˲Ϊ˲Լ֣ô⳥ǿ϶ġ
ǺǣҾ͹ѡ
ûһ˿ĽţһЦĿ
ѵúƴʦˣҳƶķĸ
û˿෴ϵӵŨˣŷƻԶͣ΢ЦȻƴʦҳƶķҲóĳ֮꣬ƴʦ룡
ã
ֻԥǴӦ
ţԬҵĸ𣬳ƶķҶԼô
ķƱ˹ڣͽ겻ѣҲûȥҲ֪Ρ
ƴʦ
˹ңҲһֱƵľ룬ǺΪ¡
֪ʮĴʦԼǵˣͬʱҲǸ۾İԱеΪߣǣԴķ¼ֱӳ˳ȥûٻҲѾ뿪˻ĹżԣưҲûȥѰټ
Ǻǣ
ҲûֱӾλӰĸԣһֱž衣
ǻһΣƴʦϴε飬ĳҲ˵ˣĳʦ㲻ˡ
ǺǣС¶ѣ÷ϡ
ǣİ˰֣ƺͽһ㡣
ƴʦ˿õĳĳΪΡ
˵ϣ淭óһöָһǧ侧ϣƴʦܹЦɡ
̫ˡ
֣ϵЦ͸Ũˡ
ǺǣӦõġ
³˳飬ȴҪЦûֱȥݸƣǵݸһ߹
лˡ
ɨһ۽ָһλε侧Ҳվų湰˹֣ôҾˣ´
úá
³鴤ȴӦá
ΣƶķҪչˣǴʱô˵ܾ
ڳĹ£뿪˳ƶķöͽǴʧܳһʱڣƶķֱӾͽ˵ڣķڸûм˽ȥʯΪˣ治֪ˤ˶ٶȴҲ޿κΡ
˭Լ˵˵ﲻأ

ķƻһЦӭȥֵܣ˵ȥƶķ棿
ٺ٣ⲻеĻô
ƺٺһЦĴͬ˴ڡ
ϴԬϹֵܵġ
֣ԬǽＫƷݸ˷ơ
лϡ
ƴϲǽＫƷԼϣ˳
ֵܣʲô
סݻֱۣͳȥĶﻹջĵ
⡭
һ㶡
ٺ٣Ԭңﻹǵõٶġ
ٺһЦ
ȻͷĶڳǣЩСͷģȻ͹ԬǧĻǿǺܿ͹۵ġ
ǺǣȻҾˡ
ô˵ҲֺǺǵϾҪľĶ


229 
˼ƷȻҪˣϾһƷ׵ʹþնĻڣҲ֮࿹ˣͻ飬ֻ»ᷭǸʱȥȣҲЩ
ϣ۰ڿĴʦ
Ʊǳʵ
ʦ
΢΢һ㶣˹˸°ϵĺ룬ŵʦ۰Ҳв٣õģȻ³ԴʦǣƢŹ֣ٳ֣Ҫ죬̫ˣ
Ŷ
üͷӦһ֣öɵľ˳˵ϣüƷöһƷ֪ûпܣ
⡭Ǻɵľˣ
ӹˣӦһЩȵĵ
ɣҲھϡеһ࣬һǴڵµҽ֮УҪɱɣһ˿ңҽ׷ɣҲǼΪ鷳顣
û
΢Цŵ˵ͷ
Ʒ
üͷѡ
ȻѾǼƷǣȴû̺κεԣǶ϶Ǿͻ½ҪһƷǲܵ飬ƷȴǺס
ķ΢΢Щʧ飬һҧ˿΢ЦŵǺǣֻΪ⣬ҸֵܻһԵǡ
ѾҪעֺ÷ƣǲЩҵˣˣѾֵֺˣ
ؼʯʦؼҩʦڴһ֮ĳɾ;жߡ
Ե⡭
һһĨӿӡ
ԵѾǼΪ󣬾Ʒ׵ģҲϰһƷǾ͸˵ˣǧҲŵһ
ֻԵѣԵģÿһƷףǶҪƷԽߵȻͷԽ࣬ԣһԵļƷҪڽң
Ǻǣֵܾͱƴˡ
ľ˻ƣվֵȥȥ
صĶȻǷܲ
Լ˰ʱǴһЦ˽
֣óһʱڵ¶ȾֱӼ
ǻԼƷ
ƵҲһЩҲԵЩ
ǰͨһƬϣһƣԶԶȥһһĴڡ
ǡ
΢΢һЦݸơ
֣һȱǴ˹ȶȣȻϴöԵ쾧õķƾȲѡ
СӶлϣ
ٴιִл
ֵܿˡ
ķֿģЦ۾ףԼѾĺøУ
ǿһŵֵܣһõǱ뻹ȥ³ԴʦС
ΪΣ
΢΢һ㶣ʵ
ǺǣƷټӺɵľˣټһõʦһƷҲûпܰң˵ʳ켫ƷĻ˾³Դʦ
΢ЦŽ͵
Ʒ
ԣƵĺʱͱЩˣһ˫Ҳʵϣ³Դʦֵʲôأ
ֻ˵һ仰
һָʦ˵ûмƷҪȥ˷ʱѡ
Ʒô
ŵĶʱͷȥҲ¶һЩЦ⣬ϣ²˳٣ȥ
ЩˣԼƷкεȵܣǲӵеһ
Ǻǡ
Цҡҡͷ³ԴʦƢǳŹֻ֣ѣңһҲδؿϴӦ
⡭
ƶʱסˡ
˭ǿʮǿ֮һͷͷֵλ֣ϰڣ¸ǲͷͷʦȻҲӣ
Ǻǡ
Цһصĵ³ԴʦǾ۰ǵһˣ
ѵ˵
͵һһĨֱӸӡ
Ȼ𣬾۰һֱдţһλ

һ־Ȼһʦ
Ҳѹ֣û˵۰ǳΪΣңȻ֪۰г֣ȴû֪˭
š
𺳵Ŀ£˵ͷԣвϣҲҪƢûгֵȤС

üͷ
³Դʦϳ֣ôԼļƷɾҪˣԭǼƷĲϣһƷôҲġ
ȥ˵
۾
Ǻǣã
ҲˬĴӦĵҲƾֵܵݣ³Դʦǻֵģ


230 ³
ھ۰ǵϽǣһƼΪ̣泣ļǴ˵һǺֵĵطϾ۰ǳľ侧ӵˣ˭Լһ
ȴ徻ޱȣȻȴû߽ڣΪסһˣ۰ǵһˡ
ҲЩѱ߽ȥһģֱӱ˳ֱĳһ˳֮󣬾Ҳû˸ǿȥ
³Դʦʳϲʿԣ˵ǺʳΨһһλܴƷʦ
ǣҪ֣ѣѣȨ죬Ǹɵй˵Ͳû˸ΪҲû˸ǰ涯ǿ
ǿɵ
⣿
ǰЩƾɵԺ䣬Щ㵵ʵ
û
˵ͷߣȥɡ
˲ж
ף˽ȥˣ
һ˼ʱԵЩȡ
ϲ˾Ƕడ
ԣҼôЩ찡񡭡ļء
һһգֱԴ
˴ʦ
ԣ˴ʦ
ʱϾ˴ʦƷٵͷھ۰ڿνһʱûмˣͷҲѾǵ˲ĳ̶ȡ
֪ǸŹֵ˻᲻Ӧ
˵ǰƽʦҲΣ̾ߣ˴ʦȻҲǵؼʯʦֻǸҲһΪ졣
ǰҲ֪ǿôôȨˣ
Ⱥз׷ţǸеɻ󲻽⡣
Χˣһ˴ʦ׳ʲôڶҲ֪˵׻᲻˴ʦ

Žţһ˱紦¯±֮õķϱǱһ㼦ƤĬĬɲȥ
߰ɡ
Ƶת䣬΢΢죬뵽Ҳ΢΢һЦȳԺȥ
ʱԺڲûд죬һԵĺܰԺӣƱǿһλ෢һĳϸĹĦš
˵飬ʮֵרעȫѾȫ絽еĳ֮ϣ˽ҲûӦ
ӵƣϵķƺڸӦеĲ֮żͣ£üͷ΢΢ûһߣԹԵı߽췿ڣʱǴһ󡮶
Ȱɡ
¶һĨЦŷ˵
š
Ƶ˵ͷȻ֪ȥˣԼô⣬Ǳضᱻֱӳȥǿ϶ġ
ղţǱɣ
۾ૡ
ûӦƷ
ش
˻
˿Ʒĳ̶ȣȻ⣬³ԴʦҪߣ
ڷƼ³תʱıӰ֮Ǳ¶һĨΪɵЦ⡣
˾ôһֱվԺţֱϦ£ϼ죬šꡯһ췿ڵĶͣ
Żð̵ĳ˳ָĵ˼£죬̾һҡҡͷ־ͽƷĳӽһԵĻ¯ڡ
³Դʦ
ĿɨһЦӭȥ
û棬Լȥ
³һ䵭ĿˣûΪЦɫת෴ܲͷģֱӺǳû

˳鲢û˵Цɱ֡
³Դʦ
ʱ򣬷ǰϣһĨЦ⣬СӼʦ
Ϊòĳ˹֡
ߣ
³ɨһۣһĨɫ
ΣȻʶңʱϰҲǾ۰ʮǿģΪ꣬ʮǿܼЩϰʱϰƷȥ
ȻƺܲϰƷѾܱѰʦļƷˣҪǣֺĳ֣
ڣǴʦ꣬ȻһȻЩɻ󣬲ĺĲأҲɫ
³ԴʦСʦΪСһƷΪꡭ
ϷûǸ飬ͣ
³Ĺ˷һۣתȥԺڵһסȥ
Ϊ꣬СӿʦڵһЩ
ϣƲûգǼ˵ǵȻͣµӰǵ˿ЦŨˡ


231 
˵ʲô
³˫һתϣһɾɫܻΧĿռҲԵЩŤӶһۿɼ
˵⣬Ҳɫ䣬ǵڷǰͻȻ֣֣ҲûǸסˡ
Ǻǡ
ˣǱһЦ⣬ƹվֱһŭ֮ɫ³ԡ
³ԴʦǻСӵ
䣬嵭ʵ
ĳ֣ӦھɴֻƾԼߵΪһֱѹŶѣǣѹȻʱЧȴһᱬ
ߣƾëͷСô
³Բмĺһ
ܴںʳڣһЩ֪ģĴˣһҩʦεģ٣ʳûΡ
ϾѾֽױشҩʦȻûп
ҩʦѾվ½۷崦ˣƾԼΪûǳ֣ԣܴ֮Ϳ֮ڴΪһλʦӶԼۣ
ô˵ҲסˣȻ֪廳ؼҩ䣬Ҫ˵ǰλľɴҲǲܵ°
ŵ꣬͵һҲȻļ
ţ
ڲֱ¶˳
ûƾң
վסŲͣ˫һһɰȻƶʱ¶˳
Ǹ߰ģΪи߰ʱ
ܾũҩ䣬
ؼκһǶǾʥӵһǶվڴ½۷壡
һνԼǿŸ߰¶ʱס³
³ĳǰܰǾʹĵ㣬κǰ
ֱǰ꣬³źΣȴû˵
֪ΪΣȻˣ
㡭
ƣҲɢȥŷƣ³ԵĿ˸
ʦúֵһԲ֪ˣ
ѹе𺳣ϣʱ¶һɿϲ³һЦ
ԼȻ£һλҩʦ꣡
һ뵽ԼؿڶҪըˡ
ֻżһʱԭҲЩɣԼķЩû뵽ֱӾͱ˵ؼʯʦһתֱۣ˵ؼҩʦ
ڣҩʦ
ţ
٣Ѫӿͨ죬ԣȻҲѹƲסԼеļˡ
Ҳá
ԥã³ԻǴӦתǳԺڵǸȥ
΢΢һЦǸȥ
߽վһԣڸ³԰꣬ϴڴĵǡ
Ͼ³Եľ磬ܵĴˣ϶ǲͬ졣

ãƲ۾˿ü΢΢壬ⴴˣѾϰ˰ɣ
û
³ѹе𺳣˵ͷҲ΢ЩڴĿ
Ρ
Ƶ˵ͷʱڽ
ҩʦ
𺳵Ŀͣϣþδѡ
ؼҩʦݣѾһ֮ˣף֪
³Դʦ
³Ծͺá
Ŀ϶Ļش³ҲмӣӲ˲¶һĨΪŤЦ⡣
ѾܾûйЦˣһꣿʮꣿǰꣿ
ǲˡ
Ǿͽ³ϰɡ
ҲûпũҩǺεȵĴڣ֪
³ϣӦһֱڰȶɣ
üͷʵ
ûƴʦһֱڰȡ
³Ե˵ͷЩĿŷơ
ҲΪξ۰ǻһλؼҩʦǱԭΪ³Ի֮ĵطȻǾ۰ǣǣʳΪȹ̣Բһλؼҩʦάȡ
ۣ
ֱӺǳ⣬üһŭһؼҩʦѣʲôȫѹѪ֮ڣһըΪѹƣըֻͱըˣ
ֱˣֱɵˡ
⻹ǰǸͺô
һؼҩʦѡ
꣡
Ǻݺݵĳ鴤ѹ
Ҳǣҩʦؼҩʦȷ㲻ʲô
ʦԼǡ
³ԷӦ˹ҲǿЦŵ˵ͷʱܴ֮ÿѪʹ޷ͣΪҪר֮ԣƴʦΣȻƴʦǵؼȴ뵽ô취
ߣȷǺð취
Ʋмı˱ǣʱã黨¶ˮ顭άȸ꣬˿û⡣

³ǳ˳顣
꣡ؼҩʦ֪Լ֪


232 û
ˣʵ壬壬һıء

֮û˾˾޷ȥ
ôһ˵ʵ壬ǾͲһΪȹʶԪĳˣƺǿЩٵĹܣ
ȻֻǼ裬ҲĳŻˡ
ǣӺζûȷе˵ףƺÿһ䶼
⣬ǴʦķȻҲò𰸡
ǣ׵ǣÿһĲͬӵвܴͬݻڵ࣬ʹĳɥʧĹܡ
ͽˣضҪҩʦΣ
ϴεܴˣҩʦΣȴָ쾫Ĺܣ⣬ͱؼҩʦ̶ȲΡ
³ԵĶӦģܴĲѪɥʧĹܡ
ѪľѹƲɢûģֻʵۿ۶ѡ
ǣȴѡҩԽѹƣ
һķȻʱеͨǣһֱ񻯣Ȼһըһڡ
ԣҪʱΪҩԣֻвϵļӴҩԣѹס񻯵ҩԵǿȣ룬³Ե³Σ
ԭʹóҩҩԣһЩʲô⣬ڣһըҩһըõķƷˡ
ŭŹ֣
Ǹʦܾô
ķŭ죬³ҲЩڨڨ͵һۣʵƺһ㡣
ʵԼڵˣû취Ҫ֮һĲãԲŵڶĴڡ
ѣ
Ƶɫ仯˼Σã˿ĵĵ
ȷǲ֣Ϊһ³ԾΣգĺɵΡ
ѣ
³һ㶣ϲʦǾǻеľ
ߣ
Щ޵ĺһ
Ȼа취һ취ҲǸ취ǣԳҩҩԣʽƿһӣ
̣ȻҪʱ䣬ҩ

ʱ³ԱǴЦڵĳ֮⣬õĻΧȺЩĪ
Ǹ˵Ц
ȻЦ
ôһЦѵѾӦ˴ʦ󣿡
ʦǴʦʦֵЧǲһ
ʱʱ֮ڣ۰ǵ˶֪ˣǸҪˡ
ϢЩУϴԬҵĸ
Ǹ˭ǿһĳ֣õķƵݸӵ

꣡
ӿֱӽкȵĲˮ˳ɫżȴ㵵飬ʲô³ԴʦԺڴЦ
ˣǧȷʱ׶ţд
һ׵˫һĻش
ôܣ޾ȻЦˣ˵ǴһʹδЦȥˣȴЦˣ
ӿӺݺݵĳ˳飬ɫĺǹŹ֣ڣڰһЦֱ˳
޾ȻЦˣ
ӿĴЦֱֱֽ裬õվӴ㵵Ŀ
ѵǷˣ
ͷһټɴЦֹӿ˼ĵ˵ͷ

ڵĹ챻ץסʱЦȻֹеĶҲȻסٴκݺݵĳ˳飬һɿЦ֮⡣
꣡ˣ
ȿȣ
ɿ˼һϵ¶ã˵㽫ľԭԭ˵һ顣
ǣ
ѸٵĻһɫ͵͵һۣһϵӿʱʱѾģҪڰɣ
˴ʦ
ӿ۾Ȼȥ³ԸΪ³һôЦأ
⸡ԺһҲò𰸡
Ǽһʡ
ҷƣⲻף³ԣңΨһһѹľˡ
´⣬˵Ȼȥ˵

ӦһҲƵķɱ˳ȥƺкˮһ㣬õӿӳ鴤ѡ
ˣ

ߣ˵̫ˣ
౻Щ۵Ķ䣬Ʒ޷޵ıһۣһ
û£ֻҪеľȾУ
³ֱջЦ⣬һֱӾ信ȥ֮죬ɲһ㡣
Ҫ׼ʲô
ķƽüͷһ䡣
ҩʦΪΣλԼױܱȵġ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ׼ԵҩԽԽá


233 ʦ
С⣡
ķƵҪ³ҲûʹӦһԵһۡ
³Դʦġ
һϲæӦֶԷƶһݸм
š
³û˵ʲôֻǲ᲻صӦһ
ζҲȷ£ҿ϶ǵ㣬Ҳ˸Ͼһͬġ
һ߳Ժ֮ȺǾ
Ȼ˴ʦɹˣ
һɵģлȻ
ɨһۣǡ
֪ε¼ֹǷƱˣĵλҲھ۰ֹ߲һ̨ס
귻
һ׵˹¶⣬ͦΣһͲؼ򵥵
Ŷӳ
΢΢һ㶣ѡЦ⣬Ĵк
š
ӵ˵ͷҲ΢΢Żģȥһˡ
Ŷ
ϵЦŨˣӳˡ

ʱ󡭡
ξ͵ˡ
ջ˴³ԽϵֱۣĨĨͷϵĺɫԲ԰ס

³ԿһڳЩɫŻ۾â˸˸ҫ
лʦ
ֿĶŷƹ˹֡
ߣ
Щûĺһ
ԭ򵥵飬ֱĸˣϣģڵԼʱڣƺѾѲˡ
Ҳû취˭úʳôһأԼҲֻˡ

³Щεĳ˳ǣһʦҪôȥ׼
˵ţվ
ȵȡ
ƽסɫŷŻ֣ĺɵľˣǿԵļƷ˳ǲϡ
ٺ٣
³ӸӲĳ˳飬˹ʵʦǻʣ
Щɻɨɨƣϵɻ֮ɫ͸Ũˡ
ǰɡ
ԥ
ʦ
³Եɫʦܻ⣬ԵʣʹԵĻ෴ģ˲ܷӳܣ෴ģᷴԣһҪԼԷϣǲܷӳеܣ
һҪһԣ
üͷһ
û
³Ժصĵ˵ͷ
ǰȻҩʦǣȴԵģðȻʹûԵļƷǷʵ䷴

Ӧһ䣬ɫԿա
ֻʹûԾͲˣ
ϵԺں˳

һ㶣һϲ԰
ߣ
˲޵ĺһֵ㵹ǿһţˮ׼Ӧûĵġ
Ʒ
۾һҲͨͨ˼Ǵ⡣
ȿȣ

ʦģһһ
˵ţ³ԱǽǿԵݻ˻

Ƶסֱۣ㵵˵˵ģϣ³ܰұܣ
ܣ
³һ٣ɫصĵʦģûܴ³Կʳһۣ
ţ㣡
Ƶ˵ͷһֱֻۡ
꣡
һɫԪƱŷͬıŰһЯĪڣΧĿռ䣬Ҳ̼ķһ̶ƿ֮
⡭ôܣ
ͬһԪڷƹĿ£³ȥ⵽Ƶ֮ڣɫǻһ𾪣ж϶Ҳ˵
룬˿жôĳԾ
Ǻǣ
Цһֻһգʱʧա
⡭ⲻܵİҷӦ˻ԵĲôֻбԵĴڣѵ𹲴棿ôܣ
³ɫЩᣬüͷ£вϵૣȻ޷Լղоġ
ԵɫӴоҲͬԵԪһǣӴ֮Ǹо˱ܰڣֱ˳棬˳ʶ
³֪ͺãĪ˵ȥˡ
΢΢һЦһ˫ͫһһ죬ǹ졣
˫ͫף³Եƽ
ҩʦϳһЩϳ飬ƺȻ
ʦģ£е֪
³ɫһ࣬صĵ
ǺǣҲûôء
¶ҩʦݻЧõķʮֵ⣬Ȼڵ鵤߽׶ѣΪҩ֮ĳҩҩԴڣ飬̫ˡ


234 ޷
³ô
ЩڴĿ
⡭
³üͷγһԵġ֣˫ԵҴδֲͬҪںһѣѣΪ֮һ𣬵ǣĻƷ׾ͻ󻡶ȵ½
˵䣬ϵҡͷԵúǿա
Ǹ
һ

һ㶡
ǲںһ𣬵ǣ˭ںˣ
⡭
ƱƵĺͿˡ
ıǿԷֿģ
ŭһǳȥ
³ϣʵܼ򵥵ġ
˷ϵĴԺ󣬷΢΢˳飬ŵ
򵥣
³Դ㵵Ŀ
û
Ƶ˵ͷҪˡ
һ޷֮Уиɲͬ죬м俪ֿʹԵ棬ķӡ

³üòŵ˵ͷҲֻˡ
ϾΪһ壬ʵǰ첻ֻƷƷǻͨԵ
û˰ɣ
Ҿԣ
³üͷ˵ͷ
һǰδеĳԣȻ˵ƷǣһξҪҲ޷
֮һЩڣ³ԱһЩͨıϵ飬һһεʧܣû٣෴ģϵЦǶ
Ҳûţÿ糿Ȼʱʱǻڽܾ֮ϡ
һǧ侧Ѿˣ


ҪƷı
ӿľϣĥ°͡
û
һԣƷ˿ڲ裬ŵ
Ͳùˡ
ӿһۣԹԵ˵
һֱӿҲȥӽֺѾλΪҩʦؼʯʦĺƷ꣬Ļǲడ

һ㵵Ŀ
ⲻǿô
ÿһȥ³ǸԺӣͻᱻ뵽һأ˴Σ³ԿҪһд֣ȴֱ˹һ˵ڣͳڵľˡ
ô
ӿһۣһȴǵĽ
ܰǳ
䣬ޱȵԹõӿ䲻Ĵ˸
Ҳǣһֱڵһᣬ˺ôźҪ󰡣ⲻֻҪ⼫ƷƷҪҲˣڡ
飡
ӿɫһ䣬һԱߵϣǳСӾ͵˰ɣһ̲ʮΪҲ֪װ
ٺ٣ǣĹķ۰ٺ١
Ҳһ飬Ц
Ϊ³ߵĽһֱжԵĴҲͲʱٷЩͬëϿһȫ̲еĺôǾͲһ鼫Ʒˡ
ߣԼŰ죬̫ˣ
ӿһվŲ෿ȥ
ٺ٣
ߺϵ֮ɫȥĽ꣬ˬ˳ȥ

ºһһӾ۰ǹ˵Ժӳ𣬽ҲȾ˺ɫʱڶྪĿ⡣
Ʒ
ţǼƷ֮⣡
Ǹ˾Ȼ켫Ʒ
ʱ۰ΪˣһʲôĶֻ̬мƷŻ
ڳˣ
һҿһ峤޷֮У³ԵɫҲЩ
ȻƷҲǣ˫ԵģԻǵһΣңҲֻһˡ
Ͼɲ˭õϵġ
У
ҲĿ¶⡣
ǼƷţƵҲǼ
ȵѪ
ٴο˼ۣ³Աǽ޷֮еݸơ
š
ϲĽӹԪӿһѪָλεĵ֮ϣѪûл䣬෴ģ뵽˵֮ڣƱǾԼеĵһѪĸо

ӿԾӿ޷֮Уʱһȼ
ǿ
ŵĳ̶ȣƴϲ
ϲƴʦ
ӿһЦ˽󣬽
ϲϲ
ҲЦųƹʾ⡣
һ󣬱֪ˣֱǷе˹
ǺǣСӻҪлӳϵ
ҲЦŹ֣е۾ֱгһС졣
ϣȡɡ
Ʊǳ³˵
ã
³Խӹ޷֮УĻӶΣһ޷桯


235 ĹѨ

˿۾еૣֻ߸ʱˣҾȻûͻ飬⣬׳ģ
޷֮ɹҲжʱˣΪ˽ܾҲѾȥǧ侧Լ㣬ӦûǧܾҲܽ׵ؼˡ
侧ȱ֪ȱ侧˵ֱӾ͸ǧ飬ڣָڻһѡ
ÿ컹Ҫ³ˣӹƽ̹ʣǾΪȴûжõΪջ
üͷŴʣૣҪȥˡ
գ˴齡
ȥ
³һ㶣Щ㵵Ŀ
ҩʦƾҩʦݣǾѾվڴ½۷ˣ޲˵޹ؽҪ
û
ƿЦŵ˵ͷҵľѾͣڴʦ۷壬Ѿʱˣȴû˿ͻƼ󡣡
ꣿ
³ԺǲĿǰꡣ
ʮ꣬ʦ۷壬ΪѾˣٵʱҲǲͻѣҩʦܴ꣬ﵽ˾磬ѾǺ˲ˡ

΢΢˳飬֣óһҩҲ֪ҪȥãЩӣƾЩҩѹڵмǣҩѹơ
ʦܷġ
Щֺöѵҩָ³Ա֤
ѾҩʦΣ֮һЩʱҲûʲô˵ġ

һպһۣһΪ޷֮еĹ߳˾۰ǣУһĻɫϰţֻһֱ⣬û̫ܸܵǵ¶Ϣ
һ·ͣͣһߵأɨܣ֣óһͼ
Щżںɫڡ
³Ըĵͼüͷ
ɫ򣬲򲻵ѣĲȥϾǾֻǻޣǶ֣˵Ǻ޵ֿ֮
ϳ֣
򲻵ѣǲôģأ
ȥЩĹ̽̽˵
Ҳ³ԵҸ棬ЩѾ˵ĹڣĶв˾ǿһǿӣںʳڿɲ
ȻȥЩĹڣҲһΣյġ
Ȼ߽׵ľ֣޶ѾɱˣǣвһЩ飬ڼġ
ȻĹڣΣյģЩ޾֣ǣˣ
˾۰ǣƵȫ񾭾ͱˣĹżϣ˿ķɡ

һأⰼ֮ڣһ͵ĹѨ
ڣҲ֮ߣšڵܣ̻һӶɬʱѾ޹⣬طҲѾѾҲԭˡ
ʱ⴦Ҳʱľ˽żԶһЩɱ֮
żʵ̫ˣɼ⣬һ·ٵĲʮΣУֱĶӡ
Ŀǰʵƾ輫ƷԿһͨһڣѾûжˣǣǾֻһ·Ǿӣ
ǰ⴦Ĺأ˵ǻĹʱһλߵĹأĶѾͿˣǣĳЩЩ
ǷĵڶĹѨһƾСĸӦƲѰ˼侧ѣǣֱӾͱ˶ˣֱӵˡ
ûԥóһħֱ˽ȥ
侧ǵ
һĹѨڣһϢӭ
ǻĹŵϢ
ĶϣԵĴһСӣԣⶴϱӦ侧Щ侧ȴѾߡ
ĹѨڣܸԼףƵǰǳˣϰٴһҵСڣЩСڣֻһͨĹѨڡ
Խ˵һĹѨ֮󣬼Щ֪ͨʲôȻˡ
һ˫ͫܿ⣬ֵܳķӳңһЩᱻһЩ۷ڸǣϸ̽飬ѰҲ
ڣͨǴѾˣϵĺۼ߷ƣѾ°˫̤йˣͨȻ˵ҲвٵĺۼȴٵĶ࣬ңЩͨſڣһЩɫ
ѽ
һë׵Դ촦ðͷһ˫ˮĴ۾˸һЩ⡣
ôˣ
Сð˳ƱͣǰеĽŲ
ѽޣ
СǶСǰ㣬ָǴͨͨһ
˵ߣ
üͷһ
һ˵ЩԶŵĹѨڣͨЩͨһЩɱĻأʲôر
ңϴĹѨڵʱСҲûָ·ȴðͷõķһƶŲǴȥ


236 ĹĹ
ڵĶѨڣһӨӨ֮Ⱦ˺ڰһںڵӰС˽
һ·ϣķĴһ߾߲ƵĹǺ޵һ㣬õķҲ쬵ġ
ͨߣȻͲйĴڣԱЩֱͨĲ
ûжĻҪÿ
һ߾ɨܣһߣƶԻеСҲ޵ġ
Ѿ߽ʱˣȴǰͷ󲻼βеСһҲ˯һ㣬£õķƾ᲻ѡ
ʹ˳ȥɣѾôһ·ˣңҪǣСһûԼʧ
һ뵽Ҳȥ
˽ۣӨӨ֮⣬ƵӰûڵĶѨ֮ڡ
ҲѾǲԼ˶ˣҲһˡ
ⲻǸ޵׶ɣ
ȥͨһ㼸ʱͲˣ˹ƫȴһ컹ûףõķƲѡ
СӣҲоͨЩԾ
ϵĵĴ˳ŷϵûӵĽָŷһӨӨ֮⣬۳һ϶ͦεӰ
ʦ𣡡
ٴμˣҲԵЩ
ѽ
еСҲƺӦ˷ϵĴڣ촦ðͷֱӨӨ֮ͶɵӰ˫ڣһЩɻƺǵһνӴĶ
š
ϵ˵ͷСһۣû˵ʲôһ˫â˸˸ֱڵƺܶһС
ף
˵Ŀзȵ
ôˣʦ𡣡
Ƶ˫Ҳһ棬ȴʲôҲеģһƬڡ
Щ֡
Ҳ۾ӨӨ˫Ǳһ档
ûҿվһԣŵĵȴţСãƺҲӰʧȥȤ˻ڡ

ãӷϵĿз֮Сӣеˡ
ôˣ
һʵ
ͨͨģ
ڵ滺ĳɫ¶һĨζЦ⡣
ʲô
ƾļ°Ͷôܣ
ݵͼϵıעһĹߵĹѨңҲʮˣڣȴ˵
ߣʲôܵģ
ϰһۣǱߵģǸѣסģǴͷЩ͵żھ֡
˵ĽͣƲ֪˳֮ΪĹĹ
Ҳ˵ĹһЩǿ֮ʣǻ˵ĹѨУȻĹѨ֮ڣٿسԼĹѨԾ͸࣬ǳںʳĵطûܷĹ֮Ĺ
ԭˣ
ھâ˸˸ˡ
ֻһ뷨ǾǷˣ
󣬴ǿ֮ĹڵģǱϾҲ˵ͨͨһߵĹѨ
ĹʱڵĻߣ룬ǺεȵĴڣĹѨڣ϶Ǵڲ˵Ķ
ʲô
ţƱǳȥ
ߣСӣĹѨ
ϵĺõķͣ˽Ų

⻰ƵֱӾһ
ҲǣǿĹѨڣǿ϶Ǵڲ˵ĶԼʦðȻĴȥɡ
ûôء
ϰһۣ͵ڸǴĹѨĻĹŴδʧЧĹѨڷյ״ֻ̬ҪûĶܲ
Ҳǡ
ƶʱ˿ʱ˽֮С
ˣ֪һ챦أȴҪôģ
Ϊȥ˲˵ܴܲ󣬾ƻ˴ЩĹŴӿԼʦֵܵô
ٺ٣Ҫǻ֮ǰһ취ҲûУڣа취Ūһ㶫ġ
ϺЦһָָؿλãСڡ
԰
ƶʱһƣϲһǻޣȥҲû£

ǣôܽͽȥأ
üͷʵ
Ǻǣʱа취
صһЦɢΪǵ㣬뵽˽ָ֮ڣٽң
⻰һõķƶʱһġ
Ѿһˣģֻһ·Ҳûꡣ
ȻѾǼӿٶȣڵˡ
ĹѨһҲǰģӦеĶȫУı֮һڵĿӿݵİۣǻ̲ס˳顣
ëҲû£
Ĵɨһۣûзһ˿쳣˫ӿһ㵭âʱǰͳһĻ


237 С
ڵɽڣһЩӨ⣬ɽ֮ǰվһź۵꣬ڣâ˸ֱɽڣɫ˴𾪡
ѵǻĹŴ󣿡
ǰֻһɽڣǣͫע£һ˸⣬ΪɬԲδ֮ͫڡ
̲סȥƴЩ·֮ϣ֣û˿ٴ۽ȴѾɽڡ
Ȼ
ûие˿֣ͫڵâĵȴһʦ𣿡
š
˵䣬һӨӨ֮ٴ۳һ˵Ӱ˵һ˫ͫǱΪɫֱŶڣƺܿһޡ
Ķǲ١
촽ͫĵȴȥһ꣬˷ۣ㻹һհҸ㣬Ļͷ𼶵ļʮͷĲСһȥ͵һû£ˣǾͲ

ɫһڨڨͷʦǡ
˵͵Щ˵ڡ
棬ǿڹײ֮һɫСӣΨһ͸ĶȻᣬȥ͵
ϵɫҲ⾹ȻҲ͸ĶⲻǳŵģҲһЩ档
Ŷ
۾һ׷ʵѵǻĹؼ
СؼؼģؼôõãǻĳˣңΪؼôϰô
Ϻһǳһ٣ؼԼԣɲ˶ϰģõһؼҲֻаٷ֮һĻϰԣˣ
ؼҪ󣿡
ڨڨһЦ뵽硣
ãŮͿ϶ؼȻƾΪôܶԿʦأ
գǽ˯Сһק˳
ٺ٣С򡣡
ŻЩ˯ʵСƵ¶ĻЦõСһʹ

ķƵćϷĴЦ
Եĳ˳ǣٴνСק˳ԪһǷӿ˳ֱֱֻۣӿ뵽Сڡ
ѽ
ֱСʱС۾ˮ۾ڣ¶һ˿ɫ
ô㣡
ջϵ侧ưһ䣬зϳ֣Сȴֱȥһ˶֮ڣһǲټ
⡭
ƸûӦͱǰĿɿڴ
СһﾹȻӴĽ磬ֱӴڣ
ƲʷϵʱȴҲһ˹ģþҲܻ
ôܣ
ãϲջĿ⣬˸вϵૡ
ʦǡ
ƽƲĳʵ
Ҳż֪⵽ô¡

üͷŵӦͷСޱȽɣԭҲ˵˵Ǻ¡
Ŷٺ٣
׹ƵĺЦõĸơ
ǰ꣬Ȼ˵ƶǼȴʵõԼǳۺ졣
ҩǰĴڣ߾ŪˣڣĪСޣǽʺ˷ӵ쾡¡
ϵһ˫ٴζһâֱŶڣǿСеǸСƨƨߵĳС˹
ˣ
ΧЩ޸СޣҲ˿ͷ˵
Ȼʱ֮ϵһһֻë׵СޣһƴССԾ
ǵģǳ˳飬ֱӽǸС˹
֣ЩɫڵС֮ϣĪ·Щ·ɫ̹磬Ī̡
ӡ
Ӳ֣ƱǸоһ˿Īļ¶ҲȻӿ࣬ڵ䣬ƺҲЩ꣬ЩֵĻζ
򿪿
ٴһ˫þãҡҡͷߴٵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷЩƻĸȥ
һ˿Ʋ

ɫһΣٴȴû
Ԫӿƣֱϣһ֡
ǣ
һ͵
û
ô
ƽüͷΪơ
Уȴ򲻿飬֪
ѽѽ
ƱǵͷȥȴСЦڵֱŵлΪЦƺڳЦƵһ㡣


238 
ɽڣĳֻСڵģĴЦţӱ͵һֽϵĶҲĴ۾޹ĿǰǵĿԶ˵ߡ

Ƴ۾гһС죬ҧ³ɭ
ĳС֪ԹԵͷװ޹ƺղǲⱵĳЦǳһ㡣
꣡
к޵ĵѪһ˫ȭͷյĿ֨죬ҲĦһɭȻһ˫۾Ҫð
̫װˣ
źԪԡ
һԵķҲ΢΢üͷ
ţ
ӦһٺݺݵĹСһۣƲųʱСһҲͨһգգĿŷƵĶ̬ϾһĨԻľᡣ

˿ƿʼڵԪԪ˳Žֱӿ˳ǸɫСӡ
ûã
ԪӴСӵʱ򣬷ĸоСӣƺԼԪһų⣬ֱӾͽ֮ȫӴӵı档
š
ȻҲһ󣬳ĬֵԱ
ã
˵꣬ƱǵڵԪöŵˣʱŷ
ʧܣ
֮󣬷ֱַ˱Ի𣬶޹
ѽѽ
ʱСǿʼڵϴˣЦǸ죬õķҪĽƤ
ȿȣ
صĸɿȼõСعǱٶȣֱܱȣܱȡ
СӣӦ֪ʲô
վһԵķϣȴ۾һصɨСŶԷ˵
֪
Ƹ뷴Щ
ƺп֪ȻЦôɶ
³˳飬ӸԵúΪ졣
꣬ÿζҪôε£û˿Ҳþ᲻ѣرǿǰСһģſڣȴû˵
ʡ
棬΢΢ƣɫҾãڵĶƺЩǣ
йô
ģԼҲôãرǸܵһһĵ˳ܹ϶
ⶫҲ͸Ҳ˵ⶫϴδ
ѵȱٵһ
һ뵽ԣƵĺʱͱЩ
꣡
ع񣬿΢СԴ۾СеǹɱڵĻ棬ʱֱӱȥ
ͷȴǼķһصĿԼҲɫһ࣬΢΢˳飬еСںͣʵ⣬ܴ򿪣
Сû˵һۣƺ̬Ⱥܲӣֱ۾СϣԸ߰
ͻ
ˣ
һͷС޸ˣ
ʱƱǾһŭֱԺһ˫֮ͫҲֳһɲѪ˿
ǿ벻̣
ȻһѽСץʱһŭɫǻĵЦ⡣
ٺ٣С򣬹ˣ򿪺Ӱɡ
˵ţһ߳СһһǰūõһԵķϴ󷭰ۡ
ãСһܵģû˿ҪֵӣʱϵЦǻĵȥеҲļ
۾ƺַƵ鲻ˣСֱ
ѽѽ
СǶСǰָָɫСӣָָƵĸ
дڵĵط
ʲô˼
һ㶣С
ѽѽ
ʱСЦˣǸŵӣ˿˷ƵĸܣرǼС۽ǵЩˮˮ󣬷ƵɫǺ
̫ˣʵ̫ˣ˲һô
˵ӦҪ
üͷصĵ

һ
ѽ
ʱСҲסЦ⣬վֱССӣ缦һĵͷģڻ¶һĨڴ֮⡣
⡭
СͷƵüͷҲ
ãܾĴڣֻһ̣Լͱ˸ˣңƿ䣬Լõô
˼ȷҪܴӡ
Ҳһأ˸
Ҳδƿص䣬ǰΪ󣬻֮ϣƺÿһӵߵ
ѽѽ
СĽлƺŴߴ١
ô죿
ãֻֽĿڷϡ


239 Զ
ô֪
ЩûһĿȴٴϵС۾һУ

ѩ׵һţҲһ٣бһ˿ϣʵ֪ôô
ţСһס
ѽ
ϵģСȻֱӵͷʱɽڱǶٵĺ
ֻСޣȻ֪ĴڣңȻƿ䣡
ʲô
ΪСʵ̫Сˣңë׵һţֽʱ򣬸ԣҲ޷ֱСһ﾿Ǻֻޡ
˵
ЩˣߴٵֱӾСȻҲ˻ȴǲ˵˻
ѽѽ
Сʱ´ǰ裬ָָʱıȻĳõķ˶һͷˮ
ѽ
æ˰죬һﻹһɻĿԼСʱЩйƺ̾һССһţССǰצϵСԴƺǿա

СһԻģõķƺղѣҲʵ
ˣ
ٴСӵʱ򣬷۾һʵ֪ǻʲôô
꣬˶ڴĿͷСޡ
¹ƿ䰡
ѽ
СһӦһСԴ¡
ٵʲôأ
ƴߴٵȴǻСһһǰۣõϵļֱӾͽ
ǰ˼Ѿ˵ˣԼȴף
ʵǱ
һһٽˡ
ΪһҪأԣ˵һ䣬һ֮£ڣѾ˶ߣȴΪԸ޷⣬ʵ̫ˣ
ѽѽ
ƺ뵽ʲôС̶̵ǰ㣬ֱָڣƺ˵ܣǴĹѨ档
ʦ𣡡
ƲͷڴĿˡ
š
ϼСָĹѨ֮֮󣬱Ѿˣһ˫âӿ֣ƺܿһС
˵ͷ­ϵƶüͷҲԽԽ
涫̫֪࣬˵
ʱͫڵâȥ
ѽѽ
Сʹָ棬ȴǷѾͷȥʱҲЩɥ
ֻҪ棬Ǿͱһƴ
ĬһصĶŷ˵
ƿΨһˣƴһƴҲġ
ǣʦ
һǵĿˡ
棬ͷĻޣȻ֪ʢʱڵΪΣ侧ܣƲΪһܶȺޡ
ңҪǣ˳¡
ÿһεĳ֣˶ζԿĻޣǻָʲôء
ٺ٣Щ޾֣⻹ҶôֻҪˣ
һЦǽԼļı˵˳ɽ֮ڣǴһһëȻЦŵССޣһطƵ֮ڡ

һϢõԭΪƽľ۰ǣʱͱķӿ
һĹ֮Ĺˣ
ϼ⣬õɫһ˲䣬ĹżΪ֮һ
Ĺ֮ĹǻĹЩǿߵ֮أԭ£ǣ޾£ЩڸǵĻĹŴʧȥԭеЧӶõĹر¶˳
ÿһĹ֮ĹڣŸóǿ߱ղأڣģȻҪĹؼ
ؼĶҲʤ侧ҩȵȲϣĹǿߵĹڶܹѰĵ
ԣһлĹĹؿ۰ڵ˱ֱӷˣȺӵȫǸĹصĵش
ʬɽѪɷڳֻҪƬ򣬲ֽױȫȥֻǶ̶̵һռ䣬⴦ǵǿߡ
໺𣡡
һͷͷ״ĻĹʬɽѪ֮õͬһ㡣
պ󣬸ǴϢĹѨȻѾʮһĹѨ֮ڡ
ĹĹ
Щɻ󣬵ЩǿǻһЩŵġ
Ĺ֮Ĺô⴦ĹѨΪǻᳬԭĹѨ˵ΪҲ˵ڳ⴦ĹѨȻһĹŻ֮Ĺ
ϢһʳΪ֮𶯣ǿͬȳһӵ뾳ʱĹżձǱĽ
ͬʱ䶯ĿɲֹǺʳ뺶ʳڵʳҲǵ֪Ϣʱ䣬Ĺż֮ϣѹѹģȫԸʳǿߡ
Ӱħ̵ˣҲʱĳûż֮ϡ
һĹŻ֮ĹѾǳˣ


240 
ϣ˸ƿ֮쳹ϢڻĹżϽǵλãϼڳ壬˻𲻶ϣʱģؾһһɲѷֹĳ˷Ӷȥɼ˶֮ҡ
໺𣡡
һͷͷӴι״ԶŻʬɽѪ֮нӽߣǶǺԥĽ֮˺ƬЩڼǿߵķǵצ֮£̱ļĴ顣
̰õ˲һУ֪Щ˻һһεĳĹѨȥ֮ҵĽ಻ϡ
ɷ磬ҲӡѪ֮ɫ
ĺô
վڼ￪⣬Ƶȫں֮ڣͷ֮£һ˫˸ŵɫֱϼڳ֮΢૳

ϵԺ𣬡ҪıԼˣǾҪȥƴ֪ҲҪһ
ԣһһɲڶ૵ƽӹһһ
ʵԼֺγأ
Ϊ˻Ϊ˽ԼҲƴô
ÿ˶иıԼ˵Ȩ᲻ȥƴڣЩ飬ڣͨˣǣǵõһĹؼǾıһ
¡
һԽڵǿ߳ˣֳһѳĳԣ׷ɣһ˫ͫâ˸˸ٽն䣬ʱлһɭİߣȺ֮ڣʱѪһȥʮͷޱնϡ顣
̲סҪˣ
Խӣǿ߾Խ֪࣬ǿܾûԼķˣԣǶˣ
ֵģȻֹһˣڷƵڣƺҲˣڸߴֳһѳꪣһ䣬ؽͬһһͷͷޱɱѿ׻ǿɲ
һ˲䣬ƺԼõһ㣬ʮͬʱ֣ʱĻѪҽɱͷ֮ࡣ
ǣǵĺȴʵǲá
˻
һصĺĹѨڴ˳ͬŭһɿֲϢ֮ӿȥʱһЩվ̫鼶ǿߣͬһ˵棬һˤıףֱ֮ӱ·˺Ƭòҡ
ǿҲɫ䣬ʱǵǱһŸɫԪҫ۵Ԫ貵ͬգõ˸ֱӲá
һͷǣ۵ޣǻĴĹѨ˳
һ˫׵ӣ飬˱壬ɷͬˮһĵһۿɼ
ôһһգ֮ϣųͬԶţɨķһˮͰ׳ĳڱŷͬһߣҡҷҫԼǿ
һͷ𼶵ԶŻޣЩ΢ǿΪ֮ɨ֮꣬һ˲жͬһ㣬Ȼ㷴֮ġ
֣
һ𼶵ߵͺһȶ֣ԪȫŷõΧĿռҲȼһֳһִͨ׳ĳһָֻ̧
ƣ
һֻͨľͰĻ£Ģ́ϴ˳Χ¶ֱӾͼٵ֮·ѪҲΪ֮ɿݣ˲ʱֱѹͷޡ
ѹİƣ޳׵һĨԻĳһԶľߺӭȥ
أ
һ죬̧ףֱײѹͨİƣʱâĽϫϯ˷ĽǿͬǸƼһ㵴˳ȥ
ԶҲܵӰ죬һһӲɽʯ֮ڣһֻɳһ侧ǵâҲûɢȥûǣһֻȴǽճȭͷ
̫Զˣʵֳ棬û˿ķ
ʵʵһУ
ǰĳ棬õķһɽȸС
䣡
ڱصã
ϫȥǰһĻõһ
ֻͨİƣֱɢؼ䣬ǣǵ׵ľߣȴһ˿ҲûܵӰ죬ҡҷŴ׳ˣƺڳЦߵԲ
Ծӡ
£
ɽ֣
ĳ棬ǿƺû˿⣬֣ʹ߽似ʱɫԪڳ񷣬߿ϵƲҲķ顣
ɱȻԪͬϫһĹȫֱϮ޶ȥһ·ϣЩĻҲɢ
˻
ƺܵв׿Хߵһ׵Ҳӭ˹ȥ


241 
¡
̣
ϣɫԪһͬٻʢȴɱȻǵǴɽ˻ǻޣԶ֮ڡ
ضҪתˣµһһ㣬ӲʯҲΪֱ֮ӵ飬ɢΪҳ
ʮǿߵĴѹ£Ҳ·磬һǱ˵棬ҳһ
˻
޿̬ٷһ˫ɫӿֳһѪ˿һ̤ڵϣʱرѣǸСɽֱӾͱһѷĩڡ
ϣĳһǿ߳ȥ
Ǹǿߺԥֱӷ˹תӣȻڶһĿʱǻعٴζԶ޷ҵĹ
ڻĹżҲֹһΣĹޣߣԾˣһ˾ܶԸ˵ģԣϳ˱ȻʱͷޱǴĲҺȴû˿취ǡ
ʱƣͷ޻˥ȥһһεıµأϣҲѪۡ
һͷ𼶵Ļ޶ѡ
Զһֱעų϶̬ķüͷ塣
˵ʮͷ𼶵ĻޣңͷģɲĴڣ˵һʮǲҪʮλѹ
ȻʮλǾԲܵ顣
ٺ٣
ԺڣϵЦĺˣϢһȥȻʰǣǾͰĵĵˣͱˡ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷҲ˿ͫڵâҲĵȴ
⻹ֻǿʼѣѾֵؾɫԤϵ֮ǽᱬεܵĴս
ৣ
һƿ󣬷Ƶ͵ıֱͷǼһӰԼԶҲңԶ˶
ŮһϮҷصİɫΣӯӯһյ֮ϣһɫ´պǽϸ֫չ˳
裬֬׶üǽ۵Ķ䣬һԾӨ͸Ķ׹׹ҡμ䣬΢öɽȪ뽸ʯö¡
ֻվμ䣬һֳ
ƺǾ쵽˷ƵĿ⣬ŮӲͷü
һɫŮӣ
濴žµ֮󣬷ƶʱϢĴ
̫ˣ֮ͬ񹤣һȱݣ̣̬޳ĵޣѩƴź˪
ǷƼΨһһȵŮӣһǰŮȴЩޡ
㿴ô
ĺˣ˫ڵһֱԼݣЩŭЩ³õķһ˹
Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
ǸԵЩңһ˲䣬ȻãԼŮӵҲ΢΢Ϊ֮١
ٺ٣Сɫûɫ
ϵЩϷʵԺõķƸǿЦ
Ĳǹģǹĺһˡ
ŮϺ˪δڨڨЦЦٴν͵
ߣ
ķĿҲ¶һתȥһȥ
ݣǺεȵĸ߸ϣǣΪҵż֮ڣԣеƢ

ˣƲź˿ҪתʱǰһĻõɫ
ٺ٣ͦƯС椶
壬˵缸ǲߴˣžȻȾɫأүصش͸ǵģ
δ׳ϵǰ˫۾ͣɨɨȥɫԵɫڡ
Ȼ£ǲ
ϴεˣֵˡ
һ׳˲ǵĿˮֱӾͳ˹ȥһõŮһġ

һ죬һƷϣɭİâӿֻһʱѪէ֣һ֣αƮȻȴ
ؿڵѪ׳Ҫ˵ʲô˸һĨʣӺȻ¡
ǰһĻ̫죬ǼЦ׳ҲûзӦ׳ֱֱĵȥǲ㵵Ļع
ǣ㾹Ȼɱֵܣ
ֵǣһϣС˵
µĸ׳ڣһǶླ磬Уֻһ飬׷ŭ𣬳Χɱ˹
âգ˵Χɱ£ƾеû·磬෴ģΪĽԣټƷ׳ǸƵæҡ
˼ҿɱǿˣѾһˣֻ£˼ҲòӢȥ
ϳʵ


242 
Զ𲻶ϣը쳹أĸ׳۸һŮӣվҲ֪òǰһ֡
ڵľ棬ŮӲû·磬ԼȥֱҲΪåǾ̫ԩˡ
׷£
һĨâеĳӶһĺۼһǽ˱ˡ
ֶ̫࣬϶ְɣ
ľù£һ׳ĨĨϵĺ˻һ䣬һͷʱǷɢվŮΧм䡣
ٺ٣ȻˣҲֻɺˡ
Ǹ֮Ϊ϶׳Цһϴһ˿Ůƽ˹
ߣ
ڶԼʵΣϳһӣǳ׳ɱ˹ȥ
ȥɣ
أԴһĨЦ׳Ķ˫һӣɫŨǱŷ˳ʱĺ޷֮Ůڡ
ȻǶʦ
һûԥżһ֣ΰƺ̽бУԪһģŷʱ޷桯֮ϵĲֱ٣һһ˲
ն
־Ǿȫһпͬһ磬ֱӾͳһ׳ͷ¡

绮Ѫէ֣һ׳תǱһΪ೦һأֱĲˡ
ƲûսӶֱӳ˺֮ڡ
ৣ
ǿٵ˳ؿڴۣҲһСڣǵԺ߳Ӱü
ģ
׳һһ˫˫۾ֱӱͨ졣
Сӣ

һԵ׳ֱӾͳŷ˹
ˣ
ŮŲѾƸļڣԼӽҲܵõΪѲѡ
ڷԼҲˣȻղ͵ϮɵһڣҪԵȴһڣһ۷塣
ɣ
΢һһ죬һҩԴڴֱӻŮؿڣʱΧĺǵȴࡣ
ͬʱһ壬ֱӳǸ۷׳ȥ
ӻҪ
Сӣ
ķ͵ĳԼ׳Щη壬ɨһ֮ɫǱЩ
һѸֵ˸ŷֱ¡
ߣ
һھζԪӿˣŷ˳еġ޷桯ӭȥ
Ǻ
ײĽԪ׳ĳһ˲䣬ֱӶϳء
ȭ
ϣѾ׼õȭͷֱӾͺ׳֮ϣʱ׳źһѪֱѣ˲˹ȥ
ڿǹɺϮʱϱ֪ǶʱͱסǣǺĶԣȴǴƤ˽æԪֿȴҲ޼£ֻһѣαǴԺţһϮ̧һӣ˶ԷҲǸ׷˹ȥ
ǳǸоֱٴαһƣһ˭֪ȴûԤеʹ෴ģһӿͷЩҲɢ˲١
ҩԵ룬ȻͷΣҲ˹̧ͷǼǰǸ׳Ƶˣڵϣɨһۣžʲôˡ
ιϽæ
ڣҲǿ಻ԣֱ࿹һʱ䣬ǳŮк
ߣ
һһ䡣
½
ű³һͬİâĽŷ˳ȥתתƹ׳ֹת˻ǸΪ׳ֱնѪӿһء
ն
˹似ҲһǸΪ϶׳Ҫܣ޷桯ԥ˶ȥ
ӹ׳ֱӱնأԵ鴤˼ΣûϢ

һи㶨˿ǳŮȥιû°ɣ
ԼؿڴСڣ̲ס˱죬رǴ˿̣ŮŻɵĿ⿴ԼõķƸˡ
ѵͽгֺã
úúãվǣҹȥ
ҲѾɢŮͬûµӣƱתȥص
οأ
̱ڵصŮ̾һǰ˹ȥ
ʱŮüͷ壬һЩףԭɫ˫ҲһɫȻڻǴŲٵĶ
վΧЩĿ⣬һ١
ˣ
˵գһֱŮϸǳԶȥ


243 û
ҹĻ֮£Ĺż˶ûΪϾͣ޺죬ʱľҫ۵Ĺ𣬽ҲȾͨһƬ
Ϊ˲ܵӰ죬ЯŮ˵ĺԶһСɽӦһһͷ˽ȥ
ĸСӢ۾һأ˵ºСŮ޾Ͷˡ
ָڣζõķǳ˳顣
ھֱǾһֻ⬣
󲻰ԼĻˣǾҪллˡ
һƤŽŮ£ǽüɷ׵̾һ
ŮݾҲܲһ㣬ֵĳΪܿĳǹ似õķƺë
浹ùһۣ
Щƣһֻϣҩƣ΢΢ѹ䣬ŮСλãĴдõķƵĺЩ١
ĺ˼Σѹеļ¶鵤ζҩת˳ֱۣ뵽Ůڡ
֮ӦҲнңԣҩ֮Ůǲ޵ĺɫǻĵȴȥ
ʱ󣬼ŮɫҲָƲջֱۣ֮ϣһ˿ĴУõЩ
ͷȥٿžˣǼٵŻƽȥ
Ҳ֪ʱŻ
üͷƳŶȥ
ô²ܣҲЩĲ£ڶڣĿ
ţ
˲䣬ϱǰвãϵҲûʲôŰ˿
ģ
ܵƤĴУһ
˰
Ķ̬Ʊ۾վ
˭
ɫһ䣬վгǱƷ䣬ɱˡ
Ȼˣ
¿Ц֣ߣ
ǳâ˸˸ĳƸϽѣҲ˳⣬վԶԶġ
ȻҲΪԸǣǰŮۼʶˣһ飬Ȼ·磬һǶʦôͲҪԼ֡
֮ˣ֮ϣԼĶ֣
㣡
ɽϱǼһϮЩĺۡ
ʵ˵˵ĵһӡǺܺãɫԵӣ÷ǳĲˬڣƺ˾Լ
£üͷ壬Щᡣ
Ǽ׳УǺʵģ롣
ҩʦ
ãʳ˵һ仰
ţǰɣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻѾûˣСӾˣպԵټ
˵꣬˹֣ҲƵԶ
ͣ
ķԼΪˮ޵ӣŮЦϵЦݱ
ôԼģôΪԼⶾģ
һ뵽ԼòҲδй֮ףϵϣʱȾһ糺졣
ߣѹܵô죡´μ棬ǽÿ
޵ĺһҲǳЩϼȥ

գ
ãȷֻĴû׷Ʋͣ½Ų˿
Сûã
ЦźǳôõĻᣬ㾹Ȼˣһѡܣ̫ûˣ

ǳ˳飬˷ۣûΪϲɫͷ
һʱӦû겻ˡ
ʲʱҫ۹âüͷ
ǴĹĹ֮ڣͷޣû֮ǰ͹˲ˣһڣ겻ˡ
ᣬȥַ
ڣƬ˳һЩֻޣҲ类ǸѵõİȫʱڣգƱóͼԱһǳһַжȥ
ʱ֮󣬷Ʊ⴦ַ֮ǰ
ǰƬַԾҪ֮ǰǴַΧҪСĶ࣬Ҳķ֮һҡ
ûʾƱֱַмǴȥ
⴦ͬҲ˻Եѣһֱȥµһ룬ȴǱֵĻΪ
ƾǹ⣬ܿǽ֮ϻ滭ӰʮɣޱȵĿ̤࣬ޣֳ񽣣̬Ρ룬ͬo
ЩӦǻĹʱڵĴɣ
۾ɨһȻһѵǵģ
Խ룬;ֿԺܴ
ѵϴǴǹľ
Դˣɻˡ
ãҲûϽͣҲֻգ˿ǽ˹ȥЩƣӡǽ֮ϣϣϸϸĸӦڵı仯


244 
֣ʯû񣬷Ʊϸϸ̽û
ʱ󣬷Щʧջơ
ãôûأ
üͷ
ԭӦǼ̨ĴڣȴǳһӣڵӦһʧֱ
ѵַģСԭ򣿡
ٴɨһܣ̾һóͼٴѰһĿꡣ
ǰǵַˣΧؽѣһȣ֮ͬ״һ㣬ԶǴַģĴľַᲢˣĹģҲЩϲ¼ӿŲַȥ
һ·ӦǺǰĴڣ󣬷ֻܽĿǴ̨ϡ

صĺ˿ҲԽţⳤ̦ʯϣ˫Ӧ
һͬߵǳĸӦΧ֮ڡ
У
ƴϲһ˫ҲǼ
һΣûмȡǾ͵⴦ϣٴȥѰټǸӦڡ
ϸ̽ţΪϴڻ֮Уɫеɱ棬ױȵĳ𺳣ԣҪ̽һ֮ڵʲô
һɫÿһεĶƬأޱߣʱƱǸоЩˣͷͬѹһʯһ㡣
Ŭѹеĸ꣬ȫɫ֮ϡ
ޱ޼ʵĴأͬ˳һţ˳֮ϣһڸ֣˳ϵһƬСۣ˳ӿµš
ƿ񣬳ڽӽ
ͨƣǽӽһ̱ڷƵļ䣬ŬĿŸ֣˿˹ڵĴš
ۣҫ۵Ļâ̵ķ۾Ҳֵǰ
վ⹬֮ڣǱ۾һĻĻĻҲǰϵ֡
ǧؾˣһoӰ֮ɱ˳ضҡ֫䣬˲ɢ٣Ӱȫɢֻͬ˰Ĵشڡ

һ˲Ϣ䣬һͬ񽣰ҫâ£ֱնⷭĴ֮ϣǧأƬرն֧顣
ֻһǬ
ŬĳϿȥֻǸ߸ߵ֮ϣһ貵ĲֱӵӰ۷ôŬҲݡ
ֻһУһҫ۵ĻɫӴӴ֮ڸ˳Уһգۼ䣬Ӱɢ٣һƬǧٿף̵ĵ档
һɢɫ𺳡
εľ󿴵ıϴεرֵǵӰֵһ˲䣬õķֱϢĴֵģһɲǼ䣬ضˣﳼһؼ
öӾĿôҪʲôãö־ʲô
һʳڷƵԺ֮УһҲҲ𰸡

صĺ˿ѹеļ¶ƿʼȡɫ
һ뵽ڣƱǾӱǳ࣬ĽҲƺҪѿһ㣬ʱܿ죬뵽֮ҲֱӾԪУ뵽ڵ֮ڡ
ʹޱȵĽ޼УЩ֪
ϴǵɫޱȵˬƺܻڵεɫȴһĴ
ǳѪֱ뼸ѿĽõ֤
ЩƵĵũҩ֮ϵҩԣЩ޸վ
һ
óͼϣٵĳһַжȥ
֮ڣַܹҲһ֣ɫģһǳɫġ
ȡɫʱ򣬷ƵĽֱӾ˺ˣΪǳ׵ͬ˿һһСƣֱֻֻ۶ϵ
ʵ̫ˣƺûƻ˵ݻһУĺּ
Դȡ֮󣬷ƲǾãǿɲôȡģȲ˵ƻ˵ԣԪиܲĴڣԼУƾãԼһᱻĺܲң⣬Ҳ޿ܡ
ΪоܿƣҲƲˣһڣûĵطǺ֪죬ҲᱻһС
ǱߣӦҲ˰ɣ
̧ͷϷ򴦣ֵϼ⣬ûȥѰַǳϼ⴦ȥ


245 
ż֮ϣĹĹ޲ȻĹŻ֮Ĺû˿ԺӣͬʱҲףһ⣬˭ܶȥġ
̣ǿǻҭԼģ
ԣǾ֮ƾᡣ
ԲǧȫӰվڵ棬գ飬Ҳмʮ֮ڡ
꣡
ͬռ䱻˺ƵޱȵĴ̶˵ע⣬̧ͷȥֻ֮ϣ˰ͬoһӰ
ǾƽվΧĿռȴǷһɫĹΣõǵΣԸߴ
˻Ҫˣ
ʱʹһһ˫˫۾𺳣ݣĿЩӰ
ĳǿߣ
ҲǸʳǿ
ôǵĵЩ˶ǿǣ׷ײʵ
ѰУߣȷǸ߸ϣǣЩߵУǲ΢϶ѣ
ƸÿһĻ
û٣
˿˽ϵĺۣһ˫ɫֱԶĴ򶷡
ΪЩǵĵ˶ףĴսҪʼˣ
𣡡
ĺĹѨڴ˳ϯһУ࿿̫ǿߣֱӾͱ˳ȥģֱѪֱӱķ飡
˲Ϣ䣬һͷĻޣͷһ˫ţ۳˱壬ϣǲһɫۼףյҫ£貵ĹâһֲɻƵӾ
֮ϣƣЩϵĻ棬Ҳյġ֨죬ѿһϸСĺɫѷ죬ͬһ㣬ĴҲľѡ
ôվ͸һϵ𺳳
ޣ
Եޣ
էһЩǴ˵еĻ룡
ţĪľǻ룿
Ⱥ֮вϵоƺȺͬˮһĳԶȥ
һͷʮǿߣɼľǵ˲ĥ
룿˵Ϲ󳬼֮һ֮ӣ
ƺٿǰӴޣһһϢӿԺ
룬ǾһĴڣ˵УܣͶ㶼ܻأΪϹų֮һ
룬Ϊ֮ӣʵ
ӣз㤣Ҿôȥ
ѽ
ǣʱһֱСȴǴ촦ðͷһ˫֮ڣ˸ĪɫǶСǰ㣬ֱָϵĻ롣
ţ
ס˽Ų΢΢һ㶣ʵСôˣ
ѽѽ
Сǰ㣬ʹָϵȻ
ʲô˼
̧ͷ˿ͷѾƤЩʵ
ѽ
СһĿŷƣȻǰԼĶͷƺǿա

ǳ˳飬һʵСǸò˵Ǹйɣ
ѽ
ʱСȤһ˫СԴϵĵͷʱĳŻ뷽ָָ㡣
ôͻйأ
Ҳʵ
㣬ֹǷ벻ףϹҲ벻ͨ
ѽѽ
ķɲףСݺݵĳŻ뷽ӶȭͷצҧгݵģҲԵм֮

㶣СģӶʱһ飬СòҪȥշɣ
ѽѽ
ûһ˵СͷƺǼɫִһõķֱ顣
⡭
һ£ȻУǶλѹź׺ݻޣһ
꣬ȥôǵֱܽԼķˣ̸ʲôշ
ǣշʲôϵ
ֲˡ
ѽ
ķģСһĶͷģƺǱõķƺΡ
ôͷ룬йͶˣ
ʱ򣬷ǳص˳
ֻҪȷйϵ˶Ǳһǧһ뷨
ǰ죬ȴǶڵ޲ߣ⣬ȻԸⷢ
ʦ𡣡
ЩǣϾǿҪѹǿɲʲô׵飬ˣ˿϶ĴľԪǷԸġ
ǺǣûϵշͷС뻹ûģֻǣǾҪϢһʱˡ
ˬһЦг˰ȻҲĺȾҲǼ


246 
໺𣡡
죬εĿռҲһһͱƽΪޣܱ߰һƬƽء
һŭ飡
죬Χ¶ȼٵĿҲƺȼһ㣬һһõ˵ҲЩŤ
룬ǻĴǻ֮һܼ
ڻѹ֮£Ͷ㣬İλĿ಻ԣʹȫҲûһ֮
룬һ֮ص룡
Щһµأ˶ǳ鴤ѣһԾӣ˵ĸԶ
ޣĻĹޣ
һ侧ӽָڸֳϵĺҲĶһ侧ɢһɼֲϢ¶˳
꣡
ž
޷Զλ鸡ûκε֧㣬Ҳûг˫ԱڶĿע£ô
Ľ£ѿݣɷĩ䣬ƺǳܲǰ
ͣ
ΧĿռ䣬ϵһϸСѷ죬һ嫺ޱߣͬɽһš
¡¡
ֻ鸡ΧĿռ侹Ȼһͬװʱţ컺ļӾ硣
ƣõΧĸп־壬׷˿ĪĿĺˡ
û֪˭ԱҲδ֪ܵ
ǣ˶ףˣ򵥣ǻӾƣѾǳԶ˶Ĵˣ
ѵǻ߼٣
Ǿ뵽ʱΧĴһ˫˫ȫĹâ
ǿߣ
ǿΪ뵽½ÿһ
ΧʮﷶΧȫ֮£ر飬ѿһɲĺۼһЩɽͷֱӷ飬ƷΧ֮ڣΪһƬƽء
ף
ԶһŮһ˫ˮЩ֮ɫˣôЩ죿
ŮϣվĺԶΪͫڷ鸡֮ǷϮ۵Ĵڡ

ҡҡͷƵԻֻһ꣬ǸֳƣѾߡ
ֻǣĿȴͣϮϣƺ뿴Ҫʲô
ʱڣߵ佫˵Ŀⶼ˹Ҳͣ˫ţĶǵ鸡ڰյĺˣƺܵвģϵĻŨˡ
ͣλҲЪ˿̾ʵͬʱҲ׷׷˺˵Ĵڡ
ôܣ
ѵʣ
ʵģǰƣѾԽԼ
Ƿ׷׾Ȼ߼٣Ƿ׷ÿ˵·
ķĻߣ
֪ȻѰУѾǴߵĴڣǣڻУԼȴʲôҲǡ
ߵı
ûдﵽǿߵĵزôЩĳǿУԶҲһֻ΢ϰˡ
ʦ𣡡
ǧ侧ȫգصüͷЩǵĻһ
ϹӵĽָڣɢһ㵭Ө⣬ķڣƱǾãѾԼˣûз֪Ҫˣ
ģû£
ϵУƺޱ֮⣬ְĸоܾûˡ
ӨӨ֮΢΢ԶΧͬһҲţ㱼䣬Ҳ˫ƺ֮С
̫ǿˣʵ̫ǿˣǿķƲ֪ôȥݣ֮ûӨӨ֮ĻôӾͽᱻɷĩ
СӣԺͿˣ
һ䣬Żȥ
ʦ𣬲Ҫ
˻ȴ˵ͣ£ֽȴǲʹ
֪õԽ󣬶˵ĸԽͷ룬ԾͲһĻޣȻΪ츳ǻʼҲһĶ֡
ԣҪõʼ֮ϵǺܴ󣬶ңƺҲ׼
һҪ䣡
˳һ죬ȴޱҵԼ֮ϣʣ
ţ
Ѿ޷أѹеıʹӦ
ã
Ӧһ
ϵЦؼ䣬ƺޱƽ͵ЦȴõĲѣһ˫˫۾겻ĿǵӰ
໺𣡡
ܵԺ˴ѹҲͲסˣ̧׳ХһͬϺɫĻ潫ӴڣӳأյĹâҲѹȥ
ţ֮һĨ壬ŷƳ˹


247 
󣡡
ϵӺ֮´ףأԶ˱Ǿһ
أ
һֻӡ죬ֱӽڵĻµأһĴӣãҲû
˻
һƾͽ䣬ʱΧǳĳ֮
̫ˣ
һϾǺˮһ˫ڳ𺳣дŲૡ
ţ˴󳬼ǿߣǶǿķǳڣȴͬһֻӬһ㣬ֱӱһƾĵûټôǲľأ
Ȼⲻ˵벻ǿǣĶ֣̫ǿˣǿĿ£ǿҲĿ֡
໺𣡡
ⱩŭĺǿӴΧĴؿʼѿɷĩȥ
Ϊ֮ӣϳϷ䣿
ؿʼȼգͨһƬͬɽ֮һ㣬泯˷ӿȥ
໺𣡡
վ֮ϣ׿Х̬֮һš
Ǹ߰ģ

ۣӺ֮´ܶ˵꣬ǿХֱΪ֮ϣҲȻ޴档
Ŀ̬ڷУǾСһ㣬мһˡ
û֪⵽ǺεȵܣΪʼҲûʶֻ֪ˣҲǻʼǿߡ
ǣλǿȴЩɡ
ֻǻʼô
Ҳˣ׷ԶĪĿԵЩ㵵ޡ
룬ʼǿô
ûܸ𰸡
ڣֻ֣ȴõĻ
ˣ
ڣ쵽һԼ޷ܡ
ף߰ǣ޷ǿ֮⡣
ʵһϵǵӰȣͳĹѨķȥ
ʮ˫Ŀע£ͷĻ޻룬ηˣˣ
һĻ˲Ŵͣϣһ°Ѿʵ쳹һƬþδƽϢ
ҲԲ۾Ҳû뵽һĻ
ΪϹ֮ӣȻӣʵҲʹ޷ǿˡ
ӣ
ϵƺһ˿ζǺ֮£һֻѪⱥƳ
꣡
һ嫺ޱߵƣֻ۳ͣΧĿռ䣬һڵѷֺϣѣΪģһۿɼܡ
ܣռҲƺܲסˣ

֮ͬеĵһΪһ֣žʱҲתǼӵеĻҲֱȥǰ㣬ȴ䲻µء
־ˣ
ţ֮ڣ־ɫֱӾ¶˳
أ
ѹ䣬ܿһСΧ֮ڣ뱻ѹʱͨѪҺӿ֮ϣҲֳһĨ޷͵ʹ
໺𣡡
ĺкȴʼӲֻƵƿء
ˣ
أ
һ䣬ݣҸĻ˹ȥϵĻҲϨҫ۵ۼףҲƺİࡣ
˻
Χ򣬵һƬһ˫˫۾ɵԲҲ
룬֮ӣĹޣǸ˼򵥵Ķ£ͱ˹ңĵľ귢
Ĳô
ৣ
ֻһ˱˻ԡ
໺𣡡
ԭѾػ˵Ļͻأıһ죬صǰ㣬ź˵ؿڱ̤˳ȥ
ߣ
ƺԤϵһ㣬Ӱ˳ڻ
飡
¡¡
͵Ϯգһ̤棬£ֱݣһﷶΧֱӳһӣһɲѺ۳˷ͣ
һ֮ǿ˹
գ֪գۼ䣬֮ڵıǻ˾㵣ҲʹƼ
أ
ʹһѪ˳ȥֵ֮Ĳʹ߷ŭ
ǣƾεǰѲĿǰ״
أ
Ǿ춯ص죬ȫʮ˼ʯ
ǰһĻõ
Ļ룬ʱͬһֻСèСһ㣬Ǻץһֻ㣬˦ȥѪֱ磬ĺòҡ
Ѿ޷Լ˿̵ˣУ֣ȴ˵һһͲϵźϣȴûκε
¡
䣬ڣҵ˹ȥٴ˦˼Σ˲ͣһק룬ɨһΧȺڿжȥ


248 ޾С
ˣŻˣش͵Ⱥ
Ӻ˶ֵֻ˼Ϣʱ䣬ĻΪļ
Σߣ
˶ԴһͷޣǻҲ˵Լĵ
ǣǸ֪ĺȴˣ
ѵЩˣ
ֻܽ˹ٵͷϣǿҲֻЩҲܳǿߡ
ȻŪףǿΪֻԻ룬ǣûĹĹ֮ڵıأôˣȴõĴǰ첻ѡ
ǣǿĹѨʱȴȥʱٶ˻
𣡡
໣
ͷ޴ĹѨڳ˳֮ϣͬȺۡ
λȻʣһ֮󣬱Ǳߡ
ôܣΪһĹѨ֮ڣͷ֮ࣿ
޷⣬ǿһͷģͷǾ֤ĹѨ˼ˣڣȴͷ
Ĺޣӵе̫ˣǴӵ츳ͬ룬ӵеľ츳صɾ
޵£ҲֻվԶԶĹۿڴصĺǿͷޡ
ǣעҪʧˣǸ˲ûٷХޣεļƻҲֻա
⴦ĹĹε¼֮󣬱ǳ׵ĳΪһѨ˶ǽ֮Ϊ˺ɫĴҲûٸҿ
֣ôϣΪʲôȴ˵ģ
еľâȴü⣬ͬˮȺһɴαƮȻȴ
Ϣ߽Ծ
˾Ūڹ֮ϣϢ֮䣬ߣǻʼҲʲԣ˼ʣҲԲͨʣ
ȻҲҴۣϾǿߣԸ¶棬Ǿʹ뱻֪Ϊ۶ëǿǴĲ

Ҳ֪˶ԶƺѾ߳˻ĹżһҰǽ
أ
ٽصϣŷС죬ҲЩ
ʦû°ɣ
ǻؽָѾĿӨӨ֮⣬Ƽٵѯʵ
ǺǣãʱˣʱֻܿԼˡ
˵ԽԽСֱǱģ塣
ʦ𣡡
ƺΣҲȻĿּᶨʦģһƿģ
˵״һ֪Ҳ֪ΰ֣ʱû£ŵ΢һЩ
ѽ
С촦ðͷڵϵĻ룬һһԾվ˻ͷ֮ϡ
ʱĻʵޱȣϵƬƬϾȻһɲѷ죬Ѫѷ֮л
֮ݣɼһ㣡
ǲ֪ҪĻĻһ϶Ѿʬˣ
ô죿
߽ͷ˵ļصޣҲЩ
ѽ
СûСǰ㣬ڻͷ֮ʹץţƺקʲôһ㡣
ѽѽ
СЩ㣬ƺڸʲôҧгݵģõԭЩصķҲЩ̿ѡ
ҪҪæ
ƶһüͷĿⲻСǰ֮͵һ
ʲô
ǰһĻõķƸоЩëȻҲ͵һ
ȻԾС
ǰСǰ㣬ڻͷ֮ϣקһЩӨ͸͸壬ǵԽԽ࣬ɫҲһʹҲϵĶš
ȻһֱûѣҲŵķƹǺģǺη壬קŵСһ鴤
ֱڻڰ
ǡ
͸ԽԽ࣬𽥵γһͷ͵СģõķĿɿڴ˵
ࣣ
ʱ֮ͷ͸СڱС˳ͬʱΪʧأСһҲһͷ
⵽͸С뱻γ֮󣬻Ӵǻǵɢ٣ϵѪҲĪûֹһ㡣
ѽ
Сקͷ͸С룬ƨƨߵĳŷƱ˹˷ܵӣõķЩ
ѽ
ֱӴϷƵļϣСͷСŷǰһͣмģ
ʲô
΢üͷʵ
ͷ͸С룬СһקţɫԵúη壬һҲҶƵʱȴĿ¶׹⣬Ϣĸ


249 
ѽ
С͵ĺһһ˦ʱ͸С׹ⲻУ۳ıϢҲ֮ɢ
ηģСŲмı˱죬Сǰ͡

Щ
ѽѽ
һЩС͸ǳŷ͡
㲻ҳɣ
ֵסƲʵ
ѽѽ
Сһʹĵͷһ߻ʹĴߴš
ܳԣ
һ͹ԵЩĿɿڴ
ѽѽ
Сͷ
ȷüͷʵѵⶫƿйأ
ѽ
ŷƿ֮ʣСһͷ͵Сһ˦˷ƺ

һϣСǱȥƸǳ⣬ڵı仯õòȥ
ʱССϣȻԻ¶һĨЦһ˫ͫ˸˸ֱŷƵؿڴģɫҲ
͸С룬һСƿأʱֱǺֱײŵķæ֮
ǣԱ赲ס֮
໺𣡡
СţƺҪĵǰһȫ˺顣
ˣƾܿˡ
۵ֱ飬ƶСĺβϵĴϻ䣬һͬһ̾
Ƹоڵһжǹɼµ˺һ㣬һɹ޷ܵʹϵĴͷСצ֮£ౡֽһ˺ƣֻܲϵ޲ϵ
ôأѵҪѱô
ƴ󼱣ܾȴӰ첻С룬ͲҪ˵ˡ
ҪѱЩСڣҲ޷ֹĶ
̫ˣ
Сǰıϣпƺǰ֪Ķ
ǣһڵսһֱȥ
ڵԪǸ֮ݽߣ֣óһ侧ѸٵԪķġ
ȥǰ취
ǲڵС룬ƿٵ˼š
ڣЩףͷ͸С룬ӦͷȫڣڣСƺҪԼȡľ
ƿıȻ̣ôĵˣΪλҪϵں쾧ˡ
ΪҪǿڵԪǿܿ޵ľΪֹ
ɶ񰡣У
һͱƵıֱ顣
̫ˣͲһױϵģ
ͬʱҲûһֱֻܾǣ˿ûãСƺܾܵвģ͸ӵķˣ
棬Сڷǰһ˫ֱŷƵؿڣƺܿ͸һһ㣬ģɰƺҲһĨǡ
쾧Ʒ̫ˣһҲֻƷ쾧ѣһȽǿ
ľǣʵ̫ǿˣ
໺𣡡
СС룬Ө͸ǣƿһҲû٣ϢתССӱ˺һУ
ãƺƽϢƸоһһİţǣоͷСǳˡƺھƣ
һ뵽ƱǾëȻٴóһ侧˫£ѸٵĲԪǽСһһ㡣
Ȼ
໺𣡡
һɰʹСڻıŷ˳ƣЩͬһѸٵıп

ƴ󼱣ȴû˿İ취ֻƴĴ߶ȥЩȱ
໣
һΪƵĺСзȴƺĳõԭСһ۳ʱɢȻ޴档
Ŀ¶֣ƺһ㣬ģõķҲһ㶣֪׸ʲô
һһı֮СȴǲٵֿƺѾ
Ȼ֪ô£ǷҲԥֱܾʼͷС롣
ȻǾ
һޱȾľƻȻӿеĽŲǽͷСɾΪһžľ
Ǿհɣ
˿ȥ˱õɾ¶˳
˻
תڵʱ֮ÿһϸʹЩŤ
ʵ̫ˣ
ɾľͬǰƳһؿλãÿһȥʱƵӱǲϵĳ鴤
ܣº͵ģɾȴǼΪҰȻʹǷȴǸоԼڵľƺ˶õ˴


250 
Ұ֮ϣϣǹ׺ɫ¹к£һޱߵĿ
һź۵꣬ڵ棬ƺǳʹ࣬ˮʪۣӲϵĶţӣԵЩŤǲϵĳ鴤ƺڳĪ޷ʹࡣ
ǰһֻǰƴСԲСޣֱĶţһ˫ˮ۾ֱ꣬ϵ飬ƺЩЦЦ
˻
ƲϵĳƴԻÿһϸʹ
ʹũҩҲް취һ˵ľ
ʱֻܳãԼ£ÿһϸ˺ˣȻ飬޸˺飬ظʹ֮ڣ
ҪʣȴԼҲʹֻܳܣӱܡ

Ҳܲסˣڵϲϵķţ͵Ĵ棬вϵķź
ָܹʹ׵壬쾧壬쾧ںϣܹȥˡ
ǣΨʹǳĲһ㣬ƺһḶ́һͨ׳ʥĹ̡
ǰҵĻ棬СƺҲȥˣ˸Ƿڵأ۾Ĵ˯
ŹʱңڣϵʹǻҲˮһ㣬һƬˮ

ڵϣҲûˣżٵţͬ뿪ˮһ㣬ƴĺš
㰾ȥˣ
ӣǲϵĳ鴤ţһǿ𽥵ӿ
ţ
һȵٴ𣬵ǣȴʹƱͬȪһ۾Ҳ΢΢
ܵͬʱͻ

Щͻأľۼҷĳۣ֮ʱƵ۱ǱһƬͨ죬ۣ˲ʱ㱻ƣֱ͵׳
ô£
䣬õķƲ첻ѣϵ䣬õЩҡ
ֱоֱֿҪը˵Ĵһɴδܹǿֱֻ֮ţľһ˲䱻Ŵ֮ࡣ
ѽ
ƺӦһ㣬СҲķֱֻۣڣ˷뼤

ҪȥЩȵǣȴǸԼʹһֱ಻ϵĳӿôҲ赲ס
ʱһһĹȥ
ƵѾȫıһģͬһջһ㣬ͨһƬ״֮࣬һѪֱ֮̾ϣԣʮֵĿɲ
꣡

ƸоԼƤһƺʲô֮ϵƤǱѿǣûѪ
һЩɲĶǴ֮˳
Ƭ
ûƬ
ϵƬһģһۣ
һƬһƬ˸貵Ĺͨɫҫ۵Ĺâһޱȼ̵Ӿ
⡭⡭
ֱɵˣ۾ɴԵЩ͡
ԼֱۣȻһۣ
ǹѪĸоڣȻƶΪֱѾԼˡ
һԺ˳ȥȭͷһɴδйǿֱӳŷƵõЩͷԷΡ
̫ǿˣ
սֱۣЩһȭصĴ
룬Ϲ룬ľһ츳ŵ
䣬ûʲô̤ģ
أһŶ飬죬һҲͱһ
ѵҾȻ˻츳
ţ۾⣬ҲȻͼ
ৣ
һվ
Կ
ЩȲҪǿһôĵز
ǣ
һαȥȭͷ͵һֱһҵĹ֮ϡ
أ
ǹɼǿӿ˺һУȭͷ£ֽһ㣬ֱӱͱһľмĽ
ŷùǺȻֱΧľֱӱΪĩȥ
ৣ
Ƶβûͣ£żһ֣ұڳ˹ȥ
̣
Ƭֱֱۣͱɽ֮ڣСɽ¶Ϊ֮һֱΪģһɲѺ۱ǳ˷ӿȥ

ջֱۣƱǳСȥɽںȻѣҳ졣
ϲѣȻҲһаȵĻȡ
ǿϲ
һȭ֮оҲᱻҸϡá


251 

վСǰͣס˽Ųʱ飬ڵĳҹĴ£ƮӣԳۣ˿аȵЦ⣬Ϊ˼ֿ̬
ۣǳƬͨ췢

΢΢ȭͷֱʵ쳤Ц
츳õٷ֮ȣҲǸġ
һۣûʲôǳܲ˵ģ
ǰ֮ԷƵʣܲ˾նǾܣÿβֻܷӳңڣȫûǷĹ˼ɣ
дһۣԻأ
Ц䡣
ƿ츳֮Ҳû˿ı仯ƺ˻뾫֮󣬶ûһ˿ôӰ졣
õķɻˡ
Ϊʲôûб仯
˱죬Сʵ
ѽѽ
СҡҡͷŷƣָֻŵıȻš
ʲô˼
һüͷ˼˼ʵѵʲô
ѽ
һСͣʹĵͷ

һ飬ǶѵĹѨ֮ڣ
Ϊͷ룬ΪĹȶ˳˯ֻǰæһ⣬ôҲܲˡ
ڵΪ£ĵκζ
ѽ
Сע
ˣ
ڲҡͷСɻˣüͷҲĸһԵġ֣Ȼһʵѵͷ룿
ѽ
С˵ͷ
ǡ
㶣Ǻݺһ飬˼ǻ˶ȴĹѨ֮аɣ
ѽ
Сٴε˵ͷһǳõķֱӴ
ôõķҲ˳˯ȴǸûץһ߼ʣõķƴް
Ȼ۵ôǳ֮󣬵ҪԷ˯Ϊ۵Ļƿ϶ǺԥĻѡܾġ
ǣСƺûпЦģֿס¸ŭ
ѵƿйأ
üͷ֣ƽǸֵĺɫС˳
Կ
һСźӣۣǻʹ
ʧܣǴɽȻ򲻿һСӣ
ô
ƵޱȵĴ㵣ѵܴ֮ô
ѽ
Сٴεͷõȥ
С˵ѣңСҲ˵ѣǣѾӵۣȴû˿Ӱ죬оΪʲôǷӦҪ˼ġ
֮ǰ룬Ҫƿ䣬ܾǱģΪҪ쾧ũҩãǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣ쾧֮ʱƸܴȥ
ǣﵽ˼£Ҳͬƿز䣬ԣƲŻỳɣǲӦûеصĴڡ
ھʲôҲףڵõɫС֮ʱȴ˷Ӧԣƶ϶ں֮ڵĶӦǵ
ǣƺġ
Ϊӱܴ֮򿪣
ѵ
һ뵽ͷʱǸһͷƵһ١
ã쾧ҪãܲǿƺҪĻҪںϵ쾧
Ϊľǣ׼ģ
ֱֻۣƿ䣬Ĺؼ֮һôãʲô
ⳤƬֱۣƳĬȥ
ĻӶΣձǱŷһ΢ƿ
ʱûʲôãȴʩչȫľնˡ
ֻܿˡ
Ѿ˯Ѿ޷ıʵô
ԼӴ̫ˣ޴֡
ȵȣ
ֱ۽ֱһͻأƵԼʡ
޷ʹȫնΪҵֱ۳ܲǰڣۣƺֱϵȱݡ֮ȫʩչ
Ҳ˵ʲôҪʲôȥܡ
Ϊʲô޷ƿ䣬ѵΪ޷Ĵڣ
һһƵĺǼ
ƺ۵;ˣƺôƿˣ
ѵ˵ʵƿ䣬ֻȱһƿʶѣ
䣬ѹƣôһУǣǿһĵزǿܿɣôǲǾƿˣ
Ϊֱۣۣʲôܳܵģ


252 
һ˼·ڷԺڱ͸һ˫ڣ˸ż
Կ϶Լȱһܹʶѣ
ܾũҩ䣬ǶΪһ߿¼ᶨĻ׼ġ
룬ǿģֱֻ۶ѣôС˵ȱٵģӦþǿĲλ
ƺ֮ǰСǺĶҲƺˡ
һЩֲһֹһߣ
ҪɲʣأģӦҲ򵥡
Ƶüͷ
Ļ룬ǰƣģӵвͷƣôһҪõ侫ǣҪʼ

̾һҡҡͷΪпҲǣҪǰļڵҲѹƲˡ

˿Ŀʣһ죬һƿģ
ǶԷϵĳŵǶԼİΣƿ䣬Ҳ̳߱Ҫߵ·
ͺһգõۣ볤ƬֱۣΪˡ
ôȥ˰
۾ʼȥоϵĲ֮ͬ
ƱǸӦˣ֮ڣһһǻȥֱۣҲָ
ȭͷȴûиоǰǹܴɽУǴŵֱ۱һƬƬƬֳ˳
ã
ֱշ磬Ʋź˿Ȼֱۣôȥ˰
һѳѾòĺۣһϪߣϴˢһһ׸ɾϡ
ȻɵĻۣǻһͨɫ
ٻһ˾۰ǡ
ʱҲǲˣҲֱӸȥʳǣǣΰηϳ֣侧Ѿĵֻʣ¼ˣԣȥŪ侧УȻ侧ܾ
ৣ
һСӽ֮ڣؿλãһ
һλãƱٳŻĹżжȥ

ʱѾˣȳҲɢȥǣȴɻвٲĵغԭأڴ漣ķ
ʱ֮ڣҲʱľ˸ȻǲģۿµĽ׳ʲôģ
Ĺżڣ˳ӿһϲҲȺž۰Ƿȥ
ǣΧǾ˷Ƶע⡣
˵˰ɣƻʳʳʳʳļʯңǾ۰ǵʯҷս飡
һӶԵͬ˵š
ļٵģ
ͬĿ
⻹м٣˼ķѾ˶ľ֣һһٿ侧ء
ǸƺЩŭ۾һɣ˵
˻
ʱΧǴһЩһ˫˫Ǵ㵵Ŀӡ
һٿ侧һ֣ţǵ侧ʯͷô
ļͬȻҲܲˡ
һ侧ѾһȲСĿˣһٿ飬ǸҲû
ǣ
ǸһΪ˼ҵ侧ô׬ô㣬ڰ۰ЩʯҵһľӢѾ֪Ѿ˶ٸˣûӮ
ɣôʲôͷ
ߣ˼ҵͷɴˡ
ӺһɫԵЩޣţǼ˶ǸʳؼʯҵľӢӵܣһʯ֮֮ϱʯʦҲȥ
ԭ
˲ŻȻӵؼʯҳģǶ򵥡
ˣѵҾû˳Ӧսô
ôûһȫˣ
˵ҲЩɥϾͬǺʳˣƣңǾԵģ
ѵ۰ǣһһ˵ϣҲˣ
ǵǣϻûгս
ҡҡͷ϶ˣôʳҲǶˣֱ͵ͬڱųⰡҾȻûзֵĻᡣ

⻰Χ˶Ǻ˿
ˣѵ˴ʦûȥô
⻰һʳʱȺǻֿˡ
ƷٵĴЩӿһֱ˵ߣҪƺѾˣǹʯ֮аȵͫǸ۰ǵ̵ӡ
ûУ˵˴ʦǸ˵ԺӺ󣬺û
ҡҡͷ͵
ţǱ˸ߺϣѾӦսˣķһȥ
ߣ
һȺȫķӿȥ
˼
ЩЦһǹһȣһٿ侧һ֣湻ǮģȻѾˣҾΪѵ°ɡ


253 Ů
ķ֮ڣʱҲǼΪ֣һ£üͷȴǰ£Ҳû˿İ취
һ徧һ֣Ƕʲô
һżΪεİ湫Ӹ磬Ⱥš
һԣĸӣϵζǼΪ󣬲϶ܷ⣬һ߰ǿ׶ǳ֡
ҲȷǰȻʱڵؼʯңֶǾӢӵܣ߰ƺҲȻ
Աߣ۰ʯҵһʮһվһǵĽȴҲû˸վ
Ƕˣܵĺܲңʵǲһʯֻ֮ǼеϱҲȲ͸Ҫ˵ˡ
ټһʳѵûô
ʧܶѰ
ٺ٣ʳʵǼʶˡ
ȥǼеǻǹȥ̰ɣ
һ˹ɫѿģֹʯҵһΧЩȺɫҲǷǳĲÿ
Ѿڶʯˣʳ
һĽ
ʲô˴ʦһ˾ɨƽǣ
Ⱥ֮ڴһƵĺ
ûǣ˴ʦ֣
Ⱥ֮ڶʱʹĺ֮
һ˴ʦ֮ʯҵӵǣ˾
Ƴ֣ǿɴδرԬǴαȶǽķͷ˼⣬һʯ֮ڵؼʦλá
ͣ
Ӳмı˱졣
ʲô˴ʦ˵˺ܶˣأİ־İ
ĪȻһе˳
Ƕ̫ʧˣ
Ӻɫ⼸ǲ֪˶ٴˣǣν˴ʦȴһֱû֣ǾãԼԲŲҳˡ
Сˣ
ķ棬һʱȺǺԾÿһ·
֮˽֪
۰һһˣʵʯ֮ǵһ
ϣǳ˷Ҳûкһ˵λãϾھ۰жѾٹ̡
ҵˣͣ
Ҳֹһˣȴ£һӵֱЦ
ҪС
վмǸһֱֹۣ˵ȥϣ˵֣۰һһˣһʯ֮Ѿǵؼ֮£
ǹϵҲ˵ܺãô˵ǺʳԲһͬ룬һ⺶ʳʯҵʵ
£˽ҲȹмǸԺʳһؼ߽ʯӣʯ֮ߣȻҲÿһʯ֮Ǵﵽ˵ؼĵزԣǸ߰
ôʯ̫߿˰ɡ
Ǹӱ˱ǣԵЩмһˣһŮӶ
û˵ĿǵֱˣеĻҲ˻ȥ
ŮһϮİɫȹеͬɽ
ʵˣϸԲβκһ˿覴ã߼䣬ճĻȡ
ʸ߽ͬ侫飬ݲʩ֬ˮۣȴѩ׾ӨˮӯӯˣǣӣĹ񹤾ɣգϢ
ĳֵ֣Ĵڱǰ
һ˫˫۾ȫǼ֮ϣþãû˵ĳ
Уϲֹʯ֮˵ãòǣһȻ鴫
Ǹૣһ˫֮ڣҲǾ֮ɫ
ΪʯӵܣɫŮӣĶˣǰ֮ʱҲ⻰ֻǴڣǰ񣬳һ˫ˮڣþò԰Ρ
֮ڱǴһ̿ˮʱ䣬ΧĺҲǼЩ˸ǲˮֱӾ͵µء
ߣ
Щ죬Ȼ֪ô£һ䣬棬һ

ϽǺ˿ǿڴЦЦ֮Яĳܣ˶Ǿ
С㣡ӭӭ
ֱӭȥ
֮ǰҲȥ³ȴ֪Ƴˣż֮㣬Ҳ֪ӺֻϣϢϻȻؼʯôȥķҪʧ١
š
Ϻòĵ˵ͷǽĿϡ
һŮĿɨ˶̧ͦͷһ۾ӣҲЦݡ
ǻĿ⣬üͷ³ǣҪսҺʳеʯң


254 ʯ
ûûУСǵ˼ˡ
ûֻѣһдд
ʶֱӽ͵ŮǴֺá
ô
ɨһۣЩмһǺãˣôд裬һһٿ侧ô
Ů䵭ģҲǳ˳飬ڨڨЦЦ̬졣
ϢǣȴǸ߰ģԼĻʳԼĳУǶ֮ӣʱô䳰ȷ
ٺ٣ȻСҪģôСľˣڶעҪĸġ
һ湫ӸǰЦ˵
Ǯ̫ӹˣĵʵģٺ٣
һҲվ˳ϴЦһ˫۾΢΢¶
ٺ٣
Цǲɨϡ
ߣ
һһмĵһٿ侧ҲĲ𣬿ˣ
˻һϵЦ˾ķʱȺڱǱһк֮
ߣ
һӿ粽ɫҲ
УԼĸ߰ڵһģǽ֮¡
ߣ
һۣǹԳһĨмĻȣһǧ֮ڣѡһëϣĶ˭ļֵߣ˭ʤ
ʯ֮ϣ֮һˣǾүүؼʯʦƽ
ã
ֱӴӦ
˱ǿʼѡëϣһ˫۾˸˸ͨһƬŷҫ۵Ĺâҫ˸ֱӡ
Լһʱ˶ѡһë
ǸӣԺƻʳͫʯľ飬Ƕʲô覴˵ѾǵؼʦһҲΪ
ڣѡһ˰ʮҵëϣɽߴһףҲа֮ë£ۿɼһǾͲͨĻɫ
Ͼǰ˰ëϣֵʮ侧
ѡʯȻһ֣
Χһ˫˫۾ǱͨһƬϸɨӣôһǳЦĹ˹֡
Ȼë֮ڵĴǳԭۡ

Ӻò⣬żҲǲϵĹ֣ϵİɫ¶
ȻѡһȣǾԵЩˣʮңɼ辰ҲͰҸߣȻȥҲǼΪǣƵԶԶǿ顣
˰һȣأһĿȻ
ܺã
ıۣǳ˳飬һԳһЦ⡣
˵һٿ侧Ȼ࣬ǣǵݣϱǸͲʲôڣģҲһٿ侧Լļʵʳʵ
һ˫˫۾ë֮ɨɨȥڶʵΣû˵ǣһ˫˫üͷȴǽǵĵǱ¶˳
ϣ䣬ˣҲʹ˵ʳˣ
ϣԿˡ
ûֱ
š
΢üͷ˹ֻһץǿëϱǱץС
ɯɯ
һ㵭Ԫŷëϣʱëϵһǻı
ëϱ¶Өһǡ
һ侧
֮ëϡ
ţһһ侧˳Ѿ鸡߿֮侧ˣһ֮ߵëϣҲֻʣСˡ
ëϵĺˣҲؼĵطˣ棬ҲʲôҲûУҲֻһ侧Ҳһ
Ǻһʯʦˮ׼
Ϊһëڣض̺侧Щ侧ɢĲһ˵жҪͫ飬ȥжα
ؼʱ̣ҲԵЩˡ
ϾͫȻܿһЩʵȴľжжʯʦҲˡ
û˿԰ٷ֮ٵĿ϶
ԣʯ֮ϵıƴľأͫ飬ȻҪģ
ɯɯ
һһ룬ëӵСȺ֮ҲһЩصĺ
жô
վһͫעãë֮ڵҲģģģֻʻеСһˡ
ѽ
СſڴǷ۵Сӣҡҡͷ˽ȥ
ٺ٣˼
Сҡͷ¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬ЦЦĿǸӡ
СжӹɣȻжϳëƷףǣжûУǿ϶ǰٷ֮׼ȷġ


255 ϵʵ
ķ֮ڣʱգǽţ˵۾еǿë֮ϡ
ɯɯ
һͬѩëһۿɼٶСš
ëϵıСӵɫıѿ
ɯɯ
ëϱһѷ۳˰ʮҵëϣֻ߿侧ʱǸӱһҡ
ôܣ
Ȼ޷ţԼȻۡ
ҲǶķһֶΣЩëڣ˭֪侧ǣڲȷٷ֮ٴиƷ£ķëϵļ۸öͽġ
֮һУǹһ֣ģ
С׬ˣ
ٺ٣߿侧Ѿܲˣ
ӣڱǴһЩɵЦͽǷ׷׶Ǹӽ䳰ȷ
߿侧ȻܲǣֻҪһ鲻㹻ˡ
⼸ֻǱ˱죬û˵ʲôϾȻһ𣬵ȴҲûʲô顣
ߣ
û˵ʲôһһĨŭˣ
Ҳûʲô˵ģֻǿëϿĶֵԼͰɣϾǿëϣңܲܿǻ˵ء
ϣ鷳ˡ
ϸûһɣֱЦӯӯĶ˵
ţ
˵ͷһץëϱǱץС
ɯɯ
һεԪͬһѰѷСëϵĸһһİţȻ£ͬѩƮ衣
ʱ򣬴ڼ˵Ķ
ϾٽҵëڣҪһһϵƷУȻǸǿˣǣ߿侧ͬҲǼֵʮңһͨǿɲֵۡ
ô
ѾʹС򣬷ƱѾ֪ǣƷףǾͲ˵ˣֻǼɵ飬ȻëڵƷӦò͡
Ϊԭѡһǧ֮ڵëϣҲ˵ҪһǧϣǲӮȻǿʵѾˡ
֪ȴѡһҵëϣ˵ëϵĲ֮
ɯɯ
һ˫˫۾ע£ëϻС
˵ϰˣǾ˵ʳˡ
˶ӣң⣬㾹Ȼܻ֣ĸоʵĽƣ
ëϵСǴصĺϢ
ˣ
ڣһǺɫ¶˳һۼĶͽʱһ


ʱϱ
Ө˸ģԾͲһͨ
ʱǸɫңʱ˼˫Ŀڻһݲŵɫһһϣû˵
˻
ڱǴһЩ
ⲻֹƷ˰ɣ
УһȭͷƣӨ磬˸˸ҫۣǲƷ׵ˣһҲ֪ǿƷ
ϲһƷ
е˵࣬ҲüЦݸϡ
ȻƷ
ʱǴٵľ֮
ƷûԣҲֵ߰һڣȴǿҲ˵ļֵѾһǧң
һҵëڣһǧ֤ϵʯ֮ȷѾǾƽ洫
Сӣķڷɣ
֮ͣܣ
Ͻȥ̰ɣ
ڣáĴһƬõǸӵɫϣ࣬ļΪѿ

áһֱ˰ʱžٳֹ
ҲǣΪķģʯңҲǲǵѡ
ߣ
ƺһʵʵóһٿ侧˵˼󣬲˵
εѡʯ֮УѾԼ֮Ĳ࣬ԣȻҲûʲô˵ģϾûӮĿܡ
˭Ҫģ
ļӶģüͷƵ
˵ôһ¶ʵжûףֻܽĿмǸʳӵϡ
ҳϣͫҲϵ
վ˳ɫƽûƺĻţЩζ΢΢ףѾܲˣ
䣬ƺǿ߶ߵĽ̻һ㣬õüͷ塣
˭
һĨɫâһʧʵ
ٺ٣
Ӵӵ϶ǴζЦ⡣
˵Ҳ̫û۹ˣʯӣʯĴҲûδҲ̫ª˰ɣ
ʯѵǺʳʯҵˣ
֣ϵüͷʱ


256 ϣ
ؼʯңÿһҶǴѾãʳ֮ڣؼʯң٣񺶽ʳ
Ȼ۰ֻһңǣʳڣǣʳǣǶеؼʯҵĴڣ
ڶؼʯ֮ڣңԵЩˣҲڵؼε֡
ǣʯǾͲͬˣ
˵ֻεĵؼңôʯңεģ
УʯҵͫԻĹżĹѨڵõģΪۡ޵Բܴﵽؼ߽׵ĵز
ͫѾڻĹؼΧҲ˭˶ϰģʯңÿһһϰѾǺܲˡ
ǰΪʯӣʯۡļ̳ߣ
û
ʯֻһһЦĿϡ
ʱΧЩá֮Ҳɢȥ
ڶͽ˵֪ʯǱȻģȻʳЩؼʯǲǣʯʯңȴ֪
ϾڼٱߵĻʳ֮ڣεʯңҲǼҶѡ
벻Ȼʯҵˡ
ʯҲɣ
֪˴ʦܲʤ
ȺڶСţʯɨǶֱӡ
˵ֶͽʯҵӵܣ˭ҵʯң
֣ɫҲǱˣֱһࡣ
ļ壬̫ǿܵġ
ţѵʯҵͷܴ󣿡
ΧЩ˵ɫһüͷһζЦ⣬أС侧϶
ٺ٣
ӽ䴦һ΢ģëȻЦ
ԭʯҵˡ
ʯϣϷǵ壬෴ģˮڣǶ־
Ǹ߰ģ
ھ۰ڣҲҲһԼĶ֣ʯӵлĹͫʯҵĸ֣־
ôС㡭
ŮеĶ־ʯ΢΢˳顣
Ȼǰ˶ľ֣в֮
üͷһơ
ȷս
ã
ʯ΢΢һ㶣һƣЦһС㲻۰ǵһţ
ȻС㣬Ҫȣʯ㣡
˵䣬ҲǺ
ۡؼЩͨʯͫûп
һǧΪô
Σķ
΢΢ҡҡͷΣһΪޣΪʤ
ѡƷףһֱôãңͫ£ʯͳԼȻɵȥԼ˵ǿȡ

ʯ΢΢üͷã
ȻĲ࣬ƾ衮ۡռܴƣ
ţ˱ǿʼѡʯ
һëϱѡ˳ѡĶһЩҵģЩʮģһûУһʱССëϣ˸ѡжʮ顣
Сѡ˾ʮǧҵëϣƶʮ顣
ɨһۣǱһϵе
ʯѡ˾ʮǧҵëϣƶʮ߿顣
˵ݶͳ˳ڰ֮ڣǿʼʯ
ɯɯ
һëлСһ侧˳Ĵ
ʱ֮󡭡
ϣѡëϣʣ飬Ѿ˶ʮ飬ʮĿ侧
ѾǺ˲ĳɼˣ
ǣϵȴûһ¶ɵ飬ԭ򣬾ΪʯĽ
ʯ㣬ʣĿëϣͬĿ˶ʮëϣǣȴѾʮ侧һ飡
ɼġۡȷǵؼܱͫȵġ
Ǻǣ
ǽŵģʯȴһЦ
ٺ٣ʯ٣ûʲô
С㣬ɡ
Ҳ֣ʯƨõˣЩʯҵӵɫҲΪѿ
ڱңҪԼȥ
ޱȵı
ǣôʯҵʵԭ䣬ûʲôϵ£ǾͲͬˡ
ⲻͨսǺһʳʵ
ϣôְ
ûʲôǣ֪ΪΣжȴЩǣ˳
Ӷʱһ
һЩͽҲˣеĿⶼǳų֮˹ȥ
Ⱥÿһһͨ꣬һЦ˽
˴ʦˣ
֪˭һ䣬ʱھͷˡ
ʦˣоˣ
ġ
ƴʦɷǣ
⣬ɾЩ³ĻɫǺС
ƴʦˡ
߽꣬صĺ˿ŵģҲŷ
ʮ꣬˶룬ס˸


257 һ
Ǻǣϡ
˹Ҳк
ӷƳڳ֣ǼϢʱ䣬ֱӾͽȫĿ˹ȥ˵飬
ʯҵӵǣ֮޲˿
Ҳֻܸıһˣ
ǸƷ٣
ˮӣ¶һЩɻ
Ǵʦ
ǣƴ̫ˣЩͽĶҪá
һҲ棬ΪҲڣǣôˣȴֵԬҼ
ΪΣϤĸо
кķƣϵ֮ɫŨˡ
ãԼ϶һǼΪ̵֣
أ
һӣҲǲˡ
ߣǸʲô˴ʦ
ɨһƣǲмĺ߳
ͣһʦѣ
Сƺҵ˻Ҫܻӭ˴ʦʲôʦˣ
ƾǣ
ôҲʲôĻɫңЩͽôʯӵΪô
Ǹ߰ģ߹ģҪģʻЩ˴һƬ
ķܻӭĳ棬ȴǾģ˿ʣֱӻһߴǱǿں˳
ŰɣȻÿ
Ǽ¶˾ģһҪ꣬ڽŵףܳؿڵ
ˡĵ㲻ͬѰĵط
ʯ΢΢۾Ŀڷɨɨȥ
ʢ֮ӹ֣ǴͨΪͨ϶һųֻǣʯȴôҲֲˡ
ѵͫ
ҲΨһĽˣɨһȺʯӵܣʯ˼ĵ˵ͷ
٣ʯأ
ǵذϰڷŵ߿侧ƹµ̫˼ˣ飬ôأҪ֪ҿɴûԲԣ
ԣ
˴ʦԶģ
ƴʦʤ
ȺʱʹȻĺ֮ǡ
ʵиˣӮһΣҳʲôĸо
ҡҡͷһߴʤģõʯҵӵǣǼӶǳ鴤ѡ
Ѿģ̫Դˣ
۰ʯҵӵܣһЩϾƵ¼ô죬ûйܼ
ǣڼӶڣǻͱζˣ
ʲôдûܹʲôֻһܣ
ǺεԴĻ
ʱӿŷƵĿǱüĲƣһǺ޲Ҫһ㡣
ܵζô
ʯҲǲźۼĳ鴤ţԴĻ߰Ҳδ˵Ͼ֮ҲֻʯһӵлĹͫ
ң˵⡮ۡҲǻĹͫ׵Ĵڰˡ
ؼ߽ף棬Ȼ׵Ĵڣܸ˵ôǵͬŰ
ǣżªòͨ꣬˵ˣ
ԣǾڶԼ⼸˵ƣ
ôһƣȷŭˣ
ٺ٣ǲɣ
˵꣬Ҳͬͬ⣬ƱǳǶë߳ӣһ˹ȥʱüͷźۼ
ǸǸɶ
ͷЩڨڨ
ϣ
Ů䲻Ļһ䣬ǾԼ϶ңʲôʱ

һӰȻԺʱһɣ㣡
Ǹٺ٣
¶Ҳ֪ԻᱻϳģڳڳȻպ󣬻ָᷢʲôء
Ȼ㣡
һ뵽ǰ꣬ȻԼйܵϵĽӴǵϣʱֳһĨ糺֮ɫʱɱ߻̬֮õķֱӿֱۣΧҲǴһ̿ˮ
ߣ
ЩŮõһ䣬ٿǰΪ꣬оȻһɴδйĸо
û뵽ǸԼΪǵͽӣ־ȹԼ꣬ȻǾ۰ʢǸ˴ʦƷ٣
ڣԼѾǱľ棬ȴվ˳һʵ£
ٺ٣һ¡
ͷٺһЦƤ΢գһ£ҾãǲӦûëϣ
Ŷ
һ
˴ʦ֮˵ˣʯʯֱͫӾƾһ˫ƣܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ȻղȴǽǼëϣһ顣
ֻҪǰ֮ڣëϣǱġ
֪⣬ΣԼѾǱɣҲֻܽϣ˴ʦˡ
ʯӣأ
ǺǣȷֻҪǰڣëϣû⡣
Ϊ˷ǣʯǵͷӦ


258 
൱зȡ
һ⻰Ƴʯ˴ĴָȻС㣬ǾҰ㻻һɣ
š
ϵ˵ͷ
һǧ˰ٶʮңһǧŰٽң˻С㣬㻹ãôëҲ𡣡
ץëϣļ۸񣬷ƹ⾪ȳӣرûмˣõļӶ¶ĵĿ⡣
һûɣ
ǰǳʯһüͷʵ
⡭
Χһ˫˫۾ԼʯôҲ˵񶨵Ļӳ˳û⣡
̫зˣҾͲ㡣
ٴγޣתȥʱȴǳһаȵЦ⡣
ʯҵˣϸĸӣֱͷײͷѪҲһֱײȥ
ˣôԣ
Щڳëϣҡҡͷͨëȥ
ԭͶʯһëϣҲˣвʮһңѡĿë˿⡣
Ŀע£糣ֻ߹֮ʱëɨѣʱٷ£żôƺ˹޳ѡʯõʯ뼸ӶǱɻ
װģȴƺôһЩ
ѵʯ֮
ʯ۾
֮治УȻ걻ΪʦǱضһ
ͣˣô
ߣ֪ν
ǵ˴ʦѵƾѡʯģ
ӷ׷׳ǶԷƵΪемһˡ
ٺ٣ǲµû˴ʦƾģ
СǣǼʶ˴ʦͶˣ
ʦԶģ
һĶͽ׷Ƿõļ˸ƣǣǲ죬ô˵Ĺǧͽ
һǼ˶Թ޵Ŀ⿴ǵӰ

¶ģһҪʲôƨ˴ʦݺݵĲڽŵףйͷ֮ޡ
峺ϴЦ⣬һȦĿëϣÿһ飬ңûƣһͨʯͷһ㣬õʯ뼸ӣǷ
ˣƾѡʯ
ͽǲͬǶԷǼäĿΣƳ֣ǶǷ͵ſ⼸߸ϵĹӸЦˡ
ʯҵˣ˫ĿâżëɨɨȥҪϷһЩߡ
ֻǣеʧˣ⼸ëϣûʲôر֮ϣҲûر·ã׷ֻա
ѡˣС㣬Σ
ĿëһţЦϻ
š
ϵ˵ͷʵҲʲôǰܣҲֻѡǰˡ
ٺ٣Ҫ˼ƺһ顣
ǣһԵʯȻһЦ
ڣǱëϣʯȴֻĿ飬ʯѾʮ侧һ顣
޷
гâ˸ɨ˼ëһʯЦ⣬˵š
ȡ
ƿһ䣬תϣԼʼˡ
š
˵ͷǰһץץëϡ
ƵʵˣʲôëϣǷӵڳһʯͷ˵侧Ҳѡš
ɯɯ
һһȻëϣһţһëϵļ٣ҲǲʱľͱȻĺ
ڣѾֻʣëˡ
侧ĶԱȣҲʮ߱ʮߣƽˣ
Ҳ˵ëϣÿһ鶼侧
Ľõʯºݺݵĳ鴤š
ôѡķϣȻ麬
ҲŴǣȻ޷һʵ
Ҫ찡
侧ȻһԼѡģǣҲľѡ
Ȼ˴ʦǴģ
̲סһԵ꣬һֱŵǵ޵Ц⣬һ
ȻԼôģ
ǰӵŻĹؾʯţҲ˿塣
ңĲǣƲûʹͫͫ
ٺ٣ҵȻǸǵġ
ƵЦţģʯ뼸УԵôǷᡣ
ѡëϣһ̾Բԣ
ԣ
һ˵ͽǶʱȫţõʯɫҲ
ɯɯ
ëϣвϵСգ鶼ǷϣһʱõķǵЦ⽩ڨڨЦЦ
ٺ٣û䣬ûС

ʮ߱ʮߣǣߣȴʣһǧҵëϡ
Ҳ˵ǲƽ֣ǻ˵ء


259 Ҷô
ʱʯҲܱˣ׼ȷ˵ˣ
£ʵ̫ˣôëϣȻҲܿ侧õľ
ʧʧ㣬ٺ٣֡
ڨڨЦţֵǻһôţǿëϣһ侧ģŲţ
ţ
ڣѾƽˣôҲľ棬˶ǷЦЩʯҵӵܣҲһɡ
ӮʯǾʹ˵Ӯȫ
ֻǣȴûһ˿һĹЦ
ɯɯ
ڶŵĿ£һëϣлСš

ȻҲһ
ͷβ˶ûԤϵģǿѾӮ˵飬ȴƽֽβ

һ˫˫㵵Ŀ⿴˹ûгƵϣڨڨЦЦǸǲˣ˵Ҳġ
˵ˣʲôʱ˵һӮ
ʼ硣

ʱڱһЦ
ȷǲ䲻ӮǣԬҵ¼ƶķ¼֮ˣҪʼˣ
Ҳ΢΢㶣Ҳ˼΢΢ͷ
䣬˵ѾǺˣϾͫͲʯҵؼȡ
л
Ů΢΢ϸ
ٺ٣
ͷûȥžƺЩ顣
ͣ
µӣŮȻһЦʱͬٻţȻʧɫһ˫˫Ǵ
ȿȣ
˼Щ겻˻ŵλǿʮ߿侧ԣΪƽ֣

ƽ֣ʯ΢΢˿һԵķƣҲû˵ʲô
ԷƽΪȴһη塣
ϾĿëڣѡ侧Ҳ㲻ʲô
ѵĿ
ŶЩʯüͷһ
䣬칷ʺˣ
ߣ
ļӶǲ޵ĺ
Сӣǿ
Χ˲٣˵ҲǷ
䣿㻹񣡡
ӶһۣǰȥñĵĿ⿴ŷơ
ļ˼ߵģ°ЦѾϹ
ʼ磬һ޹ǣҵȷû
㣡
Ϊ֮ᡣ
˵СطȴϣǽЩáĻ˻ȥ
ϵʵ߰ǣҲòΪ֮
ôǾһ֣ɸҽܣ
һӿǰһƱˡ
ģû⣬ٺ٣
ҲֱӣһھʹӦһתֵҾãһٿ侧һ֣̫СˣǶĴ㣬ô
һô˵ͽʯҵӵܣǾһĵӿϣɵĴ˸
Ҫʼˣ
Ŷ
Ǹ΢΢һ㶣Ȼû뵽ƾȻô¸Ǻ޵ôҪôģ
Ǻǣ
ЦЦһָͷ΢Ц˵һһǧ侧Ҷô
Ӵݣʱõȫ
һǧ侧
ʲôЩʯңҲ۵֡
⻰Ҳ̲סǳ˳飬ǰһ΢Ц꣬Щԥˣ󼸸ɫҲ˲
ʯֱŷƣüͷû˵ô
ǣǾôԾĵط
һ
գ˫ˮӣǰ꣬ãͨ꣬ƺһصɴ
ڲȻǴʦȴΪڵΧ£ȳԼ

ƺһҩʦ
ôһƺܵˡ
֪ΪΣǵͬoӰҲԺ
ܵģܣ
ϽǸµͷҡ⡣
ǰǿߣôܲһʮ꣬ӵвͬһؼǣʣôȥǰ㾪ص
ôô
Ӿþòش𣬷üͷһƵ
˭ˣ
Ӷʱ类ȵβһ㣬еɫǺ죬ԵúΪľͶģûʲô˵ģ
һǧ侧òģǣھ۰Щʯӵչ˼죬ÿ˵ϣһĿС侧
ٺ٣
ӦЦֵһһ̫ˣ磬ͶһֶӮɣǼһѡϾһһ֮ڣ˭ѡëϣ侧࣬Ǿ͹˭ӮΣ
⡭
˶ԵЩԥˣϾһǧ侧ɲʲôСĿ
ô
ǶǴ̶


260 ǧ侧
ԳǵؼʯҵľӢһǧ侧Ĳû֣
ȥɣﲻǸĵط
ƴʦ䣡
Ⱥ֮ڣϵĴ֮õļɫϣࡣ
ȻһСӸˣ
رǷǵĨЦ⣬ǸĴۡ
һǧ侧ҲǸõĳϾ˭û»ô侧ϰ
ˣ
һɨȥϵΣüͷһ˱죬һǧ侧Ҳòô
ֻһΣ˾ͲˣңҲںЩʯҵӵܡ
㣡
ʱӱɫͨ죬ֱŷƣһ˫۾Ҫð
Ǻǣ
ʯЦһǰ˭һˣϴ侧أ
˵꣬תӣʵǻ٣ҽ㡣
лʯ٣ֻ߰侧
ֻİ顣
ӶڨڨһЦʯͶȥмĿ⡣
Ŀľ
Яٿ侧ҲֻЩؼʯҵӵܸܲɵĳˡ
ǺǣС£
ʯһЦֻһӣһ侧Ǵʳָϵöָڸ˳
лʯ٣
侧ٴεл
ǣ
һĻǣȥѡɣѡѡ
ȵȣ
ʯһ֣ŷ˹ǵ侧׼ˣأ
ˣǧ侧ɲʲôСĿ
ٿƣǰļªҪǵǣǸû˵һΪƼҵʯҡ

ڨڨһЦƫͷ
Ǻǣλصģƴʦ侧ҳ
ķɫվ˳óһöָݵС
˾һʱڶľ
ǧ侧
Զͽ˵ֱ֣Ҳδ룬һЩСķҲòĿ
ľٶõķ۱
ǧ侧ԥľʹӦν˴ʦֻһؼʯʦô
ֻƾ㣬ķܻ˴Ҳ˵꣬ⲻΪ֪ܣܣȴ֪
ʱ䣬ӰбĸΪ
һϵܻࡣ
΢΢۾Ϊп
лϡ
΢΢һЦ˹֡
ƴʦˡ
һ˫۾гһ죬Ҳֵĺϲ£ģƺͳǧ侧ˣֵ˶ıƵģõһ
ҩʦ˶֪ݸжߣϹϵ˵ȷ컯
³ԣһõ֤ˣ
һǿߣΪԼļֵģǿɲһǰ㣬ϰŬȴΪ۲
룬ҩʦݣǺεȵĸ߹ôһ⣬ԶҲκεĹϸ
ԣҪģǴƣҪΪǷģңǷԽԽá

˹һĻȷ˼
˵ǧ侧ڽƣǲԸ⼸ؼʯңҲҪֺ÷ô
ѵ˵ѾʯˣԽʯң
ȻЩֻǲ²ѣҲƷĳӵܣҲ˵׼
£Ҳɫǿʯ
Ǻǡ
ʯ˳ǣ΢һЦȻˣǾѡʯˡ
תʱɨһƣֻתȥ֮üͷȴ΢塣
ʯΣףΪķ϶ףľٶȷеѽ⡣
ǣ˿ʼѡʯ
һֶʤεĶľ֣Ϊǧңڣ˵ĺǼ
ֻǣΪ˵ķƣȴһɣǵĨ޵Ц⣬Եôԡ
Ȼû⼸˵£ԱߵĶͽɵ˵Цʵ
ʱһһεĹȥɫܿͺǣǵȴɺΪǣܷصΣʱʱȴõǱ˼ڿԷйˣ
ôݣǶһˬ֣
Ϊע޴˶óȫѡëҲǻֱֻʱ˲ȫѡԼëϡ
ȥǶһأϰٿëϣгŷ
ܲ
ģƸûȥǴʯѡë߹ɨϣʱƤһ
ߣˣ
Ӷûкɫ
ķһɵɫǱûס
ٺ٣ʲô
ƺȻһЦʯʵǿ侧һ£˭Ӯ


261 ҿ

Ҫ֮ǰʯ϶һڴӦǣӷŶͽǵĻУõһľϢ
䲻Ӯ
ʲô߼
죬ǳĹ죬ӦſڣȴЩˡ
ʲôĹﶼпܷ
һȻƽ֡
ʯǿһЦ
䣬ҲҪʲôˣʯʦ٣ǣôһ꣬ǾЩѿˡ
⻰ӱǸӵĲˡ
ʯҲ˵ܱʤʲô

ЦһգƺԵЩգ̾һǾͿɣҲ֪ܱܲһΣС
֣óһ侧Ǿֻ˷һЩ侧ˡ

ó侧ӽһʯҲǲĿ
ѵĻͫ
ǰͫһâ޲ǸеĲͫҲſ࣬ͬһ㿴ǰꡣ
ȻͫǱضʯʦ֮ǰûʹͫѡĿëϣͿ侧ͫأ
Ǻǣ
ʯѹе𺳣ǿĳһЦ⣬λֵܻز¶ʯĳˡ
ٺ٣ûʲô
¶һ֣ƻԼ֮Щһﻹķ鷳ԣǰǴ롣
һͫ
ҲǿɰſС죬ЩĿŷƣâѵƿصҲǻĹͫ
뵽⣬ɵģһ
˵ֿܻߣ
һ˵ʯͫɫģɫͫһ㶼ڷʯͫʯġۡɫǳɫ
˵ע£âӿϷƵ˫ͬʱҲʼѡʯ¼һҵվ
ɫʲôͫ
ŷԶȥıӰʯüͷ
ΪӵСۡļ壬֪أȻҪһʯ壬ҪһЩ
ֻͨͫΪʯģǣĹͫãԶԶֹʯѣ
⺶ʳҪһͷˡ
ҲΨпЦ
ԭ۰ʯҵˣˣѣ˭֪ȴðҲֻǴˡ
ڼڣϱ˵ҪСˣǼ̳ˡۡԴȴǲмһˣֱڣȷࡣ
Ǻǣǻһǧ侧ѵɡ
һǧ侧˵ʲôȥĻʳĶķϼȦͳˡ
ˣǶһſ
ǻû뵽ǰЩͽǿµ˴ʦӵʵϡ
ⲻҲˡ
һǧ侧㹻ʹһˡ
ѡʯܿ죬˵ĸоǺһ㣬ûȥѡǰʱѾһҵëϡ
ѡëϣ۸ձƫͣߵһ۸ҲǧҶѣƺҪƾ
һңѡʮëϣǶǶ˺ü顣
ٺ٣˼ѡıȽ϶ˡ
ƺȻһЦڼУôĲ⣬һǲͷȥ
ǺǣֹȻ
ɨһ۷ѡЩëϣʯҲǸеЩɻġۡжϣôʮëڣҲܿ嵽侧Ҷѡ
ǣ¼ʯ֪ǰ꣬ǸƵˣԽ˾òܵ飬ƫƫĵ
ٺ١
ƳһЦһ㣬Ҫǿ
ʯǺɵӣãԼǲǻ׵̫ˣ

ô˵ȺڱǱһЦ
Ƶ̬ȣǸоУûʯЩӵǹʢ֮ơ
˵Цˡ
ʯ˳ǣЦһ䡣
ףΪηû˿İǡ
ٺ٣
ЦЦתϣ鷳ˡ
Ӧһ˫һץëϱ鸡һεԪ¶ȥëͬʱСһȻ¡
Ǽ֤ʱ̣һ侧ļ٣ķҲǲϵı֮
һëϱӵɫҲǲϵţΨзһЦȻ֪ʯǶԷ
⣬õļĸƣҲ˵ʲô
ɯɯ
Ķһֱûֹͣתۼ䣬Ѿ˶ʮëˡ
ڿ侧ҲǺֻܴǣµëȴǲĺܶࡣ
ʣģȻǷƣа˿֮࣬ٵһѡëѾˣһʮĿ侧
ѾˣҲǳӵĽ
ȻҲֻʮĿ飬ͬǣа˿ëϡ


262 ͦ󷽵
˽֣Ҳû˵ƣóһöָ׸ǳȥ
ֽľ棬ԼҲףԼʵ̫ǣʵ̫ǿˣԼܱȵ˵ġ
ٺ٣
ɨһ۽ָڣɫЦŨ˼֣żӵı飬ڿһͷͷһ㡣
һֻһǧ徧湻ʵģ
ɯɯ
һëϱˣٵһ侧ѾʮˣǣĻʯѾʮ߿ˣһҲʮ壬һʮ
ڣ˶ֻʣһëˣʯ顣
ɯɯ
һëϱǸʮӿһ侧˶Ǳԭݡ
ɫ仯˼Σһҧָ׸ƣʯǣ˳ȥ
ˣƻëϣֻҪ飬Ӯˣ⼸ûʲôŵԼˬ㣬⻹һ
ٺ٣ͦ󷽵ġ
̵ٴöָϵЦŨˡ
侧̫׬ˣ
ζƲ뵽ԺǲǾͽķЩʯҵӵˡ
ԽԽеЩˣӣ֪䣬ҲӲͷƤϣ۰Щʯҵӵһ㣬֪Է˵ãȴΪϣҧˣӲÿһ侧Űݡ
⻰Щ۰ʯҵӵǶǾĵ쬵ģˢˢĲ˲
Ѿľһ񰡣
ǣٴΪѾȥԬĬһΡ
Ǹ
ϿǸ̰ƵģҲЩ̿ѡ
ͫȴһҲɽ¶ˮ⻹ǹƺûһ˿İǡ
˵ǰɣ
һüͷʯʵ
ǡǡ
ʯǿĳ˳ǣͷӦǣȴǿЦѡ
̫ˣ
ɯɯ
һëϱΣ˸Ϊһ顣
ʮʮˣƻ顣
ɯɯ
ʮ߱ʮˡ
ʯëѾûˣһңʮ˿侧ҲһβСͻˡ
ֻƻĿëϡ
ֹȻֵҸʰ·簡
ʯЦֵ
ٺ٣Ҳˡ
Цһǵڰ׼˼ǧ侧鲻òŹ֡
ϣһ˰ɡ
ã
һЦݣһץĿëϾ
ɯɯ
һͬѩƮȻ£ëڼٵСţʵģĿëϣ侧
յĽʮűʮˡ
ʯƽδˣǽ죬ȷǷˣ
˵ţʯҲóһöָƵ˹ȥ
óƻƺһо֮һ㡣
ָоǰ귢ӳȫֻ»ǷǳĿֲ
ѡëϣһǴӲ֮ѡȻʮſ侧֮࣬ѾǺˡ
ѵյ׵ؼ
ţ΢΢һϵŨ˼֡
ٺ٣лˡ
Ҳ˿ֱӾͽϾȱľ侧仹ܾǶһڣƺԶҲι
Ǵʦ
ƴʦǲģ
ƴʦ䣡
ͽǷ׷ķڶʱַ졣
ѹļ伸ľʯڱƿˣһҵķ֣
λ롣
ҲһЦ⣬ķƣʯϣ뵽һԵĹڡ
һϣǱ
λ
ˬһЦļ£ڷԵϡ
ϣл
˵ţóöĽָ
ƴʦ
ɫһ壬صĵ֪ĸԣͳȥĶﻹջĵǣ㲻ӡ
ֱǿ˰
ƺǺǧ侧Ͳȥһ㡣
⡭
΢΢һ㶣ҲһЦˣϵ⣬Сˡ
˵ָ˻ȥ
ҲǣѾôˣҲǧ侧ˣң£ԼÿҪ
Ȼ侧
ĬЦʯ𶯡
ֻһؼʯʦߣֻʯʦļ򵥣ôô
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ʯʦȻ߹󣬵ǣҲֻ˫Ӯ֮Ϻѣǧ侧ͣǾԲܵ飬ʯңҲδ¡
ǾֻһͣǰݣԶԶֹһʯʦѡ
ѵҵӵܳ
Ƶͫ˶Ǿ㵵뵽
ֽ͵ĻȻǺǿΪ˴ֹϵǧ侧ƺҲʲô
ϾҵУǶǼΪֲģһһһʳǶ׾ٵ顣


263 Ŀ
˴ʦƷٴܼؼʯҵľӢӵܣ˺ʳʯңۡĴˣ
׳٣õĺƷٵͷʱＸʳʱ⣬ΪһСӻӵͫ
ͫ
ӦǻĹؼϰĹؼѶȣ˶⣬Ҫܹ죬޴ĥ˵ʵ߾ϰġ
ʳĸҲ׷ע⵽пӵͫ꣬۰֮һʲ֪ԭǸס³ԴʦԺ
˭ȥʣ˭Ҵ
ͨǲ³Դʦк˲õĵطǣһֶ׹
һ˵һλǿߴ뱻һƴûٸҽӽǴԺӰ벽
رĵ⡣
Ϊ۰ǣĽԺӣһȻǳӿڶǾڵǸؼҩʦơ
ԣⰡЩԼһԼΪһ仰
ɵģʧ顣
ǴʼĹĹҲΪǸصĺǿߣûٻһ·Ϊһ޳Ѩٸҽӽǧ֮ڡ

峿ոҲ۾ϵâɢ١
ʱϰ˱Ȼ
ЩƸоͫҲŴ󻡶ȵͫȽ׻֣ӦҲĵز
ͫѾܲˣϾϰ˼µʱѡ
һ¹ȥˣȣҲֻʱˡ
΢ʻգ૳
öˡ
Щ侧ѻڽܾΪؼͽ׵ĵزֻһȴǲ֪ȥˡ
ΪĽؼ֮ٴٿ侧ƾȻûоܾй˿ⲻһҪ˵ĳ嶯
Ҫ侧Ӱ
ǵýƼʱ򣬲ʮ侧ѣǵͿʼˣҺ쾧߽׽ؼҲǧ侧
ڣĹһƷ֣ûм侧ǽнˡ
ǣ侧ӡ
ѹֵϾ˵侧ĶѣڣѾǷǳ仰˼ˡ
Ȼһֱڴʦ۷壬Ƿƴʱʵͨһ࣬һֻۣõʵٴǶԿڶ࣬Ҳ⡣
ֻһ
ֻҪͻʵֱ۷壬㲻У侧ѣҲܶȥϾʰ۵ǿţڵʣҲ
ڣʣµʱ䣬ȻδͻƣҲʳˣȻʱ
˵ʵڵģҲ뿪Ĺżǣżϣʵ̫ˣʵʱпɥ
ĹĹһҪȥһ˵ģǸɫСӣ棬ҲǣҪȥ浽׻û
Ȼ󣬻йַ
ЩǺôҲûףԣһҪŪΪֹ

ɨһڵ״˿Ʊ˴齡
ϴˢһһ˳ȥ
³ϡ
ô³ԣƻһ
ʦ
Ǻԥģ³ԱǷеĻƣ˹
ȿȣġ
³ԶԼ̬ȣƴгԲǣǿȴһֱĲɿһԼ˵˳
⡭
ķ˵³ԵԲ۾ޱȴ㵵Ŀǰ꣬ʦһ
죬оԼͷЩˡ
һȻһλҩʦ
ţû
ɱ΢Ц˵ͷɵĵ
³һòŽ𺳵Ϣ΢΢üͷҲ˵ʦҪȥμȣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷᶨȥ
ҪɳԼļҲҪɳҲҪɳ
ڣһеƷѣӺʳõԴ̫ˣԣȡúõĳɼƷףӶʹ
⡭
³ԾΪˡ
ҩʦݣ³ҲǾûΪãΪʳ޾鷳鷳ǻʳܲġ
Ͼ½ϵҩʦʵ̫ˣǣ׵ǿȴǲܴģûҩʦΣǾֻʹһ
³Լ
³ϣԼ·Ҫߡ
΢ЦſǼᶨ
ûһҪɳ뾭ĥѣһһĵ۷壡


264 ĸ
ƾܾ³ԵͣΪͻУȻŷĵĴ֮ϣòõĳɼ
ףܲμȵģǶǸľӢϸߣǶͬͨߡ
ôһȣĿǰʵҲӦһླ磬͡
Ͼ߱Ҫǿ̫ͨˡ
ңҪǣҪѾھ쾧ߡ
в
ңЩ滹ӵؼ֮ˣЩؼǷӦͷ۵ĵط
³ȥʳǵԼƱǳķȥ
Լô࣬ǰȥкǾ̫صˡ
һ·ϣķƵȺڶĳкҲû˿ļӣ΢Цһ
ķֱŷס
ƼʱеĿϣС
ϡ
ҲûֱԱߵһϣỽһ
ţ
Ϥһ㶣ۣǼŷЦӯӯĿԼƴʦ
֪ҩʦݣҲҽֵˣЦǾ³ҲôС
Ǻǣ
һƱ˵⡣
ʦҪˣ
е⣬ֻǶٻЩȻ
š
Ƶ˵ͷֵ϶СʱչˣСӷϣպʲôѣСӵౡ֮
лʦ
ϲŬΪ˵õŵ
һҩʦĳŵ
ǶٽҲġ
ǺǣУʵСкƷ١
ԼİƶǼϣ˵ŵպѣԼҲԹۡ
Ŷ
һ
ʵǰǻǣҲֻĲ²ѡ
Сӷƣ
ƣ
ૣȴҲûзôһ
ɣһӵҩļ壬ǱضȻ
ǾԵģ
ʦ
ƺԥ˺ܾã˿վһЦĵ
Ŷ
ȻΪΣǷƻվ󣬳ܲȥ
һ·ϣ䱸ɭϣĴ£һ¥֮ǰ
ڸ¥ſڣ׷Ȼߣֻоһ¶˳
ѵ𣿡
ֻǿһۣƱǸеһëȻҲЩ˳
̫ǿˣߣɽǰԼʦܳܵ˵ġ
λ̫ϳϡ
ֻһӣһεϣƲǻָ
۾ȥһƵݵһС
š
ߵ˵ͷƻظǱ˯һ㡣
ʦߣ
΢΢һЦǴŷ˸¥֮ڡ
һؾڷܣ棬ڷŵĶǸָ似ؾңȫǻƼͨĸûС
Ǻǣ
Щ似Ȼ֪ƿϣǴ˶¥
ڶ¥ֻǰڷһܣȻ󣬷Ʊɵˡ
ǰĸᣬӨ˸ôڰգҲ䡣
ѵǻĹؼ
һѿ˵
Ǻǣ
Цһ𺳵Ŀ£˵ͷûռļĹؼ
˻
ľ֮࣬õķ˿
üһż̻꣬治ǸǵģľؼѾ˵һˡ
Ǻǣʦܲϰ
Ƶ𺳣ϵЦŨˡ
Ĺؼÿһ˶ϰģϰҪţҲңϰĹؼ˵츳þϰġ
ʱһؼܸıһԭƽӹһ
ǻĹؼ
лϣ
Ƴ˹֣ǳżؼȥ
ǷƵһμĹؼֻֽҲƺܲһϣӨӨԣԵüΪ鶯

ҲؼҪȷǿ󲻵ãѹм˿ǳžͽһץȥ
꣡
ǿǶԷƵƣŷһų˿ȥǿõķҲһġ
ȻƲϰᡣ
΢΢㶣ƱǻȻܿᣬŵڶȥ
ᣬȻûбŷųǣƸӦãҲû˿ϢΣֻܷ¸ȥ
ᣬͬ巺ɫĹâУһɳϱ¶˳
߽ᣬļǷһоƺԼƺһ֮
ûԥֱץᡣ


265 Ĺؼ
ĸ¥֮ڣȻ䣬һâŷȾׯ԰¥ſڣҲ۾Ŀ¥
ϰؼʵ̫Сˣ򲻴һ
ԣ˵Ҳİ֪޵ؼ
ǸղǸꡣ
˶һۣٴα۾ʲôҲûһ㡣
ڷƵõؼϿɣеж⡣
ѾǹĴˣ㽫ĸϰˣҲеж⡣
ڣǰһŻâȫ˽ȥâ˸˸ҫۣ
ȴ֪ڽܾĴС

ץסʱ򣬷ֱӾͱһƬâĺûˣǰһƬͷĲãأûб߼ʡ
ģ
ɨܣ֣ǰ磬һɫһģܲʵƺһ硣
ף
Ǹоһ̴ӽŵӿļ䣬Ȼ䣬ȥϸϸȥ׷Ѱ̡
֪̣϶ĹؼҪĹ
ʱһһιȥҲżһֱĵվȴš
⼸ᣬҲ޵һѣȻ˵ЩĹؼĵȽײߣǣؼڹ죬һʹ˷ʤ
ԼʱŷƵǲâ˻˾ڣβ¶˳
ĻǴһĨЦ⡣
۾ڣâһһĨϲӿ
򣡡
һһĲӿǾԼʮ֮࣡
ͬһʱ䣬ҵľҲһҡΣϵЦҲͻȻصأҲǺܲӦ
ᣬصľȻһؼ
ԭ
۾ƸΧǣһĨаȵЦ⡣
򡯣Ըκһһľϲ
ǻĹؼ
ؼƺ⣬ӵ츳򡯣ûʲôӰ졣
ף
ǸоһЩ
ڣǹܵܣڱԸоĵٶڳ룡
ڵԪȴ˿δ
һ״õķһ
ѵĹؼĵľȻ֮ڵľ
һƺʲôϸһ룬ƺʲôҲס
Ǹ򡣡
Ӻ洫˹ע⡣
ϡ
ôؼ˵ĸмһ򡯱
Ǻǣ
ķƵ飬ϵЦŨˣǸᣬǰһԵϰġ
Ŷ
һ
Ǻǣ
һЦһԵļȥ˷óһƵıƣ⣬λȵһЩĵãϣʦܹõϡ
лϣ
ƴϲȱľȻǿҪ˷Ѳٵʱ䡣

Сϵּȫһ飬ų˺˿ڣ˸ŵĶǼ
ּϼأͽ֮ʱֻܷӳңһңʦܷӳ屶ޣҲɢ׷Χʦ磬ܷӳʮ򣬾Ҳܴﵽף
֮ÿһ磬ǱҲ˵飬ʮھܴﵽֲʮ
һĵزܽȥΪһֶֹΣǵĹ̶һط
룬ԵзǶѹңȻôʹýĵ˸ʤ
ǣҲᵽˣʹؼľԪԣһĵزؼǲʹõΪá
ǣԷ˵ʲô
Ȼ֪ô£ǣ⣬ڵܣȴʵ
ԣڵľԪ
ٺ٣
ƺ뵽պĳƺЦôɭõһԵһëȻЩ㤵Ŀ

߲飬ɫһڨڨһЦСӵݻ˻ȥл
ܽղؿŸԼõҲΪж
Ǻǣʦˡ
ӷԭλתֵʦһԣ
ã
ôѾܵĹˣҲںֱǳһȥ
ǽӴǱˡ
ľᣬҲֻ̾û˿İ취
˵ʱ似Ѿ㹻ˡ
룬Զоնȭµ򡯸ԶԱ似Ѿʲôˡ
˶ǿһٴóһǧ侧ҲѡƤ¡
侧ˣؼҲˣ뿪ķһۣ߳˾۰ǣźʳ
ǣĵڶվ


266 һƱ
߳˾۰ǲԶƱϵĺۡ
Ͼһʵ̫ˡ
ûãǸо˸һ㣬üͷǹһĨĻȣµĲҲӿࡣ
ѵҸоˣ
ѾƫƧˣȴû˿Ķҡҡͷ첽ŻĹżȥ
磬ô죿
һʯ֮˰˸ӣһƼһϳǳưǸӥǵڣ
׷ƣ뵽˺ɫڣİӢԱһ٣֮ķڣڴ֪ӳ˾۰ǣűһ
ڣ˼ǰͬĹżϸӲ
ǣԷƵĳȴһֱû¡
ŷƵھ۰ԽԽߣҲһֱ³Ϊˣȴ䷢ַƵ˳ǡ
֮Ի֣зΪȥԣųٳûж֡
ٵȵȡ
ֹסǵ춯ԶӰڣǱ֮ɫЩѵ촽һЦٺ٣ֵǣͷķֻҪǼҲµˡ
Ŷ磬һʦôʣ
һЩţʵ
ߣ֪С˭ô
ӥһߣ
һʦܺ
磬Ͻ˵
ӶǴߴٵ
ߣ
ӥǲ޵ĺһǸ˴ʦ˵еĵؼʯʦ˵ʲʣ
˻Ȼ˴ʦ
ţ˴ʦһʦСƨ
磬ⲻܰɣ
ӶǾ㵳׷׸е˼飬ӥϵ׷׶ǲȥ
磬Ҫ
һһ䡣
Ͼ˴ʦͷǿһʱ𼸴ʳڶĴǶޱȵ׷ˣԼСܶģ
û
ӥһ뵽һƣͶԷƺ޵ģ޲ҪιǣʬΡ
ǡ
ӶԵЩԥ
ûпǣ
ӥǺǳһ䣬һɭһʦѵӵĹǵģɱ֮Ĺż֮Щ˺δȥѰǣ
һǳ⣬ϸ룬ô
һʦѣǰˣڣӥǸǸߴླ磬Ҳ龳磬ѵԸһʦ
ԣҲǺһƱǾܰһ
ȻĹż֮ϣǻǲҶ֣һ˿ǿɲˣԣһֱŲֱ֣һѾ߳˻Ĺż

ৣ
һӰڷǰסȥ·ΧҲվˡ
ڣ
ֻɨһۣƱбһɨܣһаȵĻȣڿϳô
Գ˾۰ǲãָоһֱ˻Ĺż˰·̣ЩˣͲסҪˡ
ڣ飬ȻѹƲ£Ҫߣûס
㣿
Ŀ⣬ͣӥӵ϶΢΢졣
һֱΪˣӦѾưﴦ˲ǣû뵽ȴٴˣģƺרԼġ
ѵǳưҪԼ֣
뵽⣬Ŀ
ٺ٣С֣벻ɣ
ӥЦԵĺǵ⡣
Ѿ׽ˡ
㵨ӵС
ζЦЦ֪ôʲôĽô
Ļõ༸һĿ¶塣
ϾֻҪڻĹżϵˣ˭û˴ʦ֮˵ѾʮǿѾΪһױĴˡ
ţڻĹż˴ʦ˭ǾͱʮǿƣҲԪ
ʲô
ӥǺǳһ䣬ɭĵܿͻΪһʬ壬û֪˭ģ
仰ʱ˴һǿ룬˶ǰĳŷƿ£
ȥݣǰȷֻ
ΪǿֱڲǰӮǧ侧
ǧ侧ʲô
֪һƱʮӶóˡ
Ǻǣ
Цһãˡ֮󣬻δʹùⲻˡ

һ죬޷桯ǳ֮ϣ΢΢һգһѪĸоӿͷ
ն
ֺ飬żһ֣ǳһڳ˹ȥ
ٺ٣
ķƳԼǸһĨһץһڵĳǳϣԪһ£ǳŷӭȥ


267 Ȼ
ųӣƵһĻȣĽ׷Χң΢죬΢΢µ򣡡
һĪϣֱֻ۱ŷ˳ΪģΧ׷Χʱһ
ʲô
ǸԭһЦڣϵЦʱԾӣһȣҲȥ

âһһ磬ֱ£Ǹڲľ𳤵Ѿ

ֱӱ룬һأѪȡ
ĺԩҲ벻ףΪԼͻأıء
ս֮Уһ΢С⣬ͻ
һз̫ˣӥҲֱɵۡ
ǰҲǴʦԼ׷ӽ˺ɫڣڣȴһУǽһһڡ
ٺ٣Ȼá
ЧиϲĿâһǳžͽһ۷жȥ
꣡
һڡ޷桯֮£ЩͨͺǶһ㣬һͶˡ
һҽУһ㵵ĵȥ
ʱͬȺƾϯʱˡ
ײϵ
ӥǷӦǼѵҲһλεƷŷƼӶȥ
ٺ٣ˣ
Ʊܿˣһȥ

һҽУӺ޷ֱӱ롣
򡯼ӾնټӼƷ˵飬һҲûԣʵҲǺԩ
һȦֻʣǸӥˡ
ڲ֪꾿ģԽһԽɱˣȻû˿ѹ
⵽ʲôﰡ
ˣŻԼ꣬Ȼ⡣
ηˣ
ôˣ
Ҳû뵽ˡ֮󣬶Եеƣʵ̫ˡ
ߣ
ӥ֪Լ㲻ˣгһᣬܿͳȥ
ˣǱƷ֮⣬»ӵиƣ֣ÿӽ֮ʱͻᷢԼͬеĴ뾪塣
̫ˣ
ǣ
ǹһζЦ⣬һѡڶӲҲҴ⣬֣óһ侧ѸٵĲڵġ
ڳƷζԪʼ
ţ
ķϢӥǱǾĵӿһʱȫ֣һҧҾͲҸ㲻һʦСӣ
ԪӿΧĳ𣬳һӣǳŷƳɱ˹
˸ɱȻ
ӽӥǣһ䣬΢£򡯣
ڣӱͬҵһ㣬һӰӷ˳ȥ
ն
ӥ΢΢㵵һ˲䣬Ǽϣһɫ磬Լȥʱŵ꾡ð
ɽƣ
Ԫһ£ŷĳơ
ڶ࣬ѾǶУԪ֮ۺӹɣԪ£似ʱǴһۿɼԪͬһ㣬ŷƾϯ˹ȥ
أ
û˿⣬ֱӱķ˳ȥƲ۵ľնֱն˳ȥȻػᱻ
ȿȣ
أֱУǸеһƣתũҩ֮ϵ鵤֮󣬲ŻĻָ˹
ϵĲ࣬ȷƣһжȻ
ղô£
ϵȥŽ²ǳСӣӥھһƬ㵣ѵȻƿ˻Ĺؼô
Ĺ죬Ѿ似ķΧԣӥֱӾ뵽˻Ĺؼ֮ϡ
ԷƵݣȷӵлĹؼҲʲôܵ顣
ģԭ
ӵһڲΪǼǰһˡ
ԩ
ͬʱҲ˷ƵĶ̴
Ҫ
˳ٽӶ˫ƣϵĳŷĳһɽˣƵķƵ
أ
ٴαķ˳ȥ˿Ѫһŭûǰɣ
֪ΪΣӿһɱ壬۾Ҳ˲ͨһƬ
ۣ
һۣǼٵ

ƣֱֻ֮࣬һƬƬͨƬֱ˳¶ͷǣյҫ£ĺ⣬
ʲô
ͬްֱۣӥǶʱƤ
ٺ٣
ʱķƣɫԵúΪ񱩡
أ
͵һأαھζһһľӿۡ
ȭ
һԥĺһȭؾȻֱӽһӥǾ㵵Ŀ⣬һȭֱӺؿڡ
ͣ
͸ֱӱһȭ飬ؿƿһ󶴣ӥҲֱӱ׷˳ȥû£˾Ѿˡ


268 

Ұ֮ϣһ꣬ڵأвϵĴϢţƶСһεĺˮϵĴϹ
ұ۵ı֮󣬴ӱ۰򴦣һƬƬ۸ֱۣһһϣƺҲںһ㡣
ţüͷƺʲôӳ鴤ЦЦԵúܹ죬ȴû˿ʹ֮ɫ
ٴʹ֮󣬲֪ΪΣھȻһЩ
ЩڵĹ֮ϡ
ƵĹѾں֮ڣ׵֮۷ˣǿȲûɡ
Ƶľ磬Ҳٽڴʦ۷壬һֱܲ벽
ٽһ顣
ϵ£˭Ҳ˵壬ԪҲﵽôҪģֻһѡ
ΪѰҲǻ˺ܴľȴʼһ˿ͷǸղţӥǰ˴սһ֮ϵĹһЩ

Թϵһֻһ㡣
ֻУû˿ʹǣȴ
ⲻʹʹܣǣȴû֪ô̡
Ƶǳ鴤ţϵ鲻ϵı任
    ꣬ޱ޼ʣֹͣңƺᴫȾ͵һڹڣѾӵ˵ڶ֮ϣһģߵȥǰʱֻۣȫȾϡ
ôѵ۵ĸã
ϵɫܹŹ֣г鴤
ǵãϴʹۣȴûңƺֹͣһ㣬ֹȥ
ţ
Ȼ䣬΢΢һ㶣ϵҲǽеૣѵҪͻˣ
    ӵһ ϣȴһȣ
һԪ
ûԪ
ңԪĴȸԪڵԪ֮ϡ
ƺѾһĴڣ
̽һбӿһ޷Ŀϲ
ͻȻ֮ҵˣ


ЦУ˵ʹ࣬ϲǹ죬Ⱥһ㡣
ӣʹಢš
ģԭֻһ˿𲽵׳ţ۳һСϪȻɺӣ󻻳ɳ뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
ʧ˾Ȫһ㣬ڵϣӣ泩֮⡣
ˣ
Ԫбһб˷츲صı仯ͬʱҲţ̤龳磡
ϵõķƻٴεõ
ȵȳˣƲԾ
ôˣ
ֲʵĴǣԪʵԪѾǴʦˣһʵ顣
ô
˽ȭͷ۾ʵԪǹֳһĨĻȡ

ƣһЦУһɨգһɳ֮⣬ͷ
ɨһΧİ˾ʬ壬΢΢üͷչһóʮ侧һӣ֮󣬱ﳤȥ

ҹҰΧһ޺ΪҰһȻֲ
һϴһʮҵĵ⣬ĺ濾£ɢһ˵㡣
һԣһ꣬ϵſ֮ϣͿĨŸϣõĿŨƮʮ
ѽѽ
Ķ棬һŰëԲģһСԲεԴð˳۾ˮһƬޱߵ峺ֱֱĶǿ鿾⣬Сſ۵Сͷϵľ촽ѽѽƺڴߴš
ʲô
ûĺǳһ䡣
ԴѾĳԹһο֮ƺˣÿηƿ⣬ֳܳԵģңСǿɲȷƵĻҪĶࡣ
ʮĿ⣬תۼ䣬ǽһһ޵ĶһﶼǺڵϣһ泩
ܻĳȥƲ۾

һڵ龳磬Ԫ˫շС
ÿ룬ͬʱշУҲǿߵķֽߡ
ŷʱĳ죬ƺҲЩ
Կ
վȻ۾֮ǰʹϵķȥѰұľƱҵĴڡ
ţ̽ŵԪ

ɫԪ˫Ǵı緢˳ܵȴʵĴڡ
ô򵥣
ԭΪܸӣȴǳƵ֮⣬ֱӾˮˣֻǣԪ̫ˣƬ˫һֱʹþնһ㣬ԪˮһĿʧš


269 ҹ
Ұ֮ϣվһ꣬һ˫ͨ˫չš
Ԫ˫ʵ̫ˣѾǵؼؾķƣҲĲҪ֧һ˫ôû˴ˡ
ѹ˵ڲƿԪ˫
ʱ򣬷ƲףΪεϻ˵
飬Ҫ֧һ˫ʵ̫ˣǣڣǾͲͬˣһ࣬ҲǶһУֵܳĹӦһ˫ġ
֮£ֻóһ侧
ЩԾԣҪԼԷĸо
ʵ֤Ҫôļ򵥡
ѽѽ
زףɵŤŤķƣСĵؿЦڵϲϵĴŹЦڸǵĴзõķƺ޵
أ
ٴԵ֮󣬷Ʋû٣޺޵ĵĳֻСһۣ΢һ˫ٴ緢
꣡꣡
һ˫һ֮ɢ˸˸ԣһһµţŷƵӻա
ûԼйԲ֪еѴȵԼϰˣ֪ɣ̫ˡ
ϹȥˣԵ˲һٴΣ侧Ҳ룬侧࣬õⷽ顣
ǳ
ٴεƽüͷûмȥԷɡ
ϰٴΣ֣֮һ˫̫ˣû취Ԫ̫ͣԣٶҲ첻ˣֻǵܷжѡ
֮˫̫ѿˣһµĬûĥϣҲ޷ƽҪء
꣡꣡
һ˫ٴ籡˳Σƽȫ˼һ˫֮ϣ˫ȶӣٴλĸ
ƽ⣡
ڲܷУֻƽվǶᡣ
һߣ۾
ʱһԵСҲЦˣֻĵſǣһ˫ڣϷ֮ɫ
ٴξһʱĳԣƵĽҲеġ
һ˫ȶȻɵĲǺܸߣǣΣԵȶֻ΢΢Щҡڶѡ

ŶѾ׵ʣ˿ֱȥʼϰ
Ǳģо˫ͫǴɣضдá
ʯ
ⲻеô֮һѡ

һ·ߣ·ϰУ֮ڷܳ׵ıƽˡ
ףƽ⣬ǷеĿˣƽҲֲˣǻ̸ʲôأ
꣡꣡
˫ȶβ
ڣһĨ޷ϲ
ӦÿԷ˰ɣ
Ȼڣһ˫ֱͬһ鶯ƵʣҲܸϾǡ
ԷɣȻ̫죬˫ȶҲΪ֮ߡ
ˡ
ŽµĴأгһĺ顣
ԼƾԼˣ
ſʼȻ׾缸С·һ㣬ǣƽ⻹ǰյĺܺá

һЦ˹õķüͷԴһǼʮһӰĳԼ߿
ջԪҲʮһӰҲǰ
һߣɢŰƣƺҲΪֻϲܿ
Ȼһ𣿡
΢΢һɨһʮˣ֣ǺΪ٣Ůϵľ磬ǿ͸
ŵĹƣʮУаھ硣
ѵȥȵģ
ҹ·һǿߴ죬ָպʮˣǡǡȵ
ڴǣȻҲڴơ
һ꣬ڻҰûеʦһϰУȷΪŹ֡
ǰǰĴһҲǾȻ
ôһ꣬ûеʦ̵ȻѾ龳磬츳ǿɲͰúõĽ̵һʮ֮ǰҲ˿û⡣
š
Ŀ¶⣬޵
ͣУôһжļһʲô򵥵ģ
ԣһôһޣʱͲˡ
Ȼ߿϶Ǹ˵ĳߡ
ߣ
һһۣСӽףҽãѧеģ
һ¾ܷˣ
Եúǵ⡣
һʱƽУȷҲܲˡ
û˽̵Լƽ⣬ܷУ㣬ô
Ϊһˣһ棬ǿЩĶܱȵġ

ڨڨһЦ˵
һõʮ˶ףǰ꣬츳ԲԼ˵ֻͣ£ߡ


270 óԵļһ
ǼҲûʲô⣬Ҳûô࣬óһϱǷտ
Ϣһޣٸ·ɣ
ɨһΧ߱ǾΪƵʵСֵܣ㲻ְɣ
ᡣ
ǣһ䡣
ȻʮһŮһѣĶ֪һ·ôġ
ٺ٣㡣
һԵЩǻӣ죬ֱӿ˹һЦŷƵֵܣ⻹ûУҷֵ㡣
ǣ
һЦҲЩ̿ѣ֣óһͷ鼶ħ˺һ
ּˣ˺˹ȥ
ٺ٣ҽгϣֵأ
⴮֮Ϊϵӣƴк
ơ
΢΢һЦҲ˵
Ȼ󣬳ϱǶϵرĳ˿ĭ䣬ǰĿʪһƬķƵǲѣԼĿ⣬ơ
һĽ̸Ʊǵ֪ϣһߵƷΪµǣҲȥʶμȵġ
֣أ
ϣһ䡣
ǺǣҲҪȥʶ
΢һЦ
Ǹãһ·ɣ
ԵļΪϲƲ죬ѹЩһһЩľͷֻ֪ľͷ
Ǻǣ
ģЩ̿ѡ
䣬ʵһˣӳǾעҪƽǶѹΪϣû˿ĴϢʱ䡣
ƻҲ࣬ȴǸܺõͣõĳ˵ԽԽ𾢡
磬óʱζŨСҲ˳ҲͶһ˫۾Ķŷƿǿ⣬ǣһӨ˿ߣµء
ۣÿɰ
Уһ۾Ůӣһ۱˶ԵС򣬾һǳС˹ȥ
ǣСٶȣôܱץסһӰǳڷƼͷ
ѽѽ
СһﻹܲͣǸŮǷۺɫСͷһʱɰޱߣõŮҲΧ
ôһë׵СŮӶðǣõķβѡ
һԵĳϱ˱죬Ǽʵһ۷ƣԼǿ黹δȫĿ⣬ǿһʱԹӡ
ССһǵɣϾСһ￴ȥû˿ɱңЩȨץȡһЩС͵ħȦֻǣȵĳ̶ȳСģȴûС
ιħޣץģ
һԲŮͲסǳʵ
һʳŮҲֱ
ħɽġ
΢΢һ飬Ļش˵ʱ۾ҲҿһֱϵĿ⡣
ǿĳЩԾͶŮӣźøУһ鷳ǾͲˡ
ͷСôˡ
һźΪӣǳ˹վǸ۾Ůӵ󣬶ŷʵ
ֻΪĶ۾ŮҲ΢΢ŲΣܿܵľ롣

һüͷ˵Сһȴǲˡ
Ķġ
ѽѽ
ʱֱǷʷʵСӣ̶̵ǰ㣬޷޲ƽĳǸʾţģõļŮ˫۸Ǽвѡ
Ҳˡ
ʼ磬˷⣬ٴһЩϣǽСȫ˹ȥ
棬ʲôѵʲôǿýĵô
Ҳվ
ߣ
Ӻһûж˵ƺһ㡣
֣һǮĸӵܶѡ
еĿ⣬˵ţ䡣
ҲǣԼ˵ǸߵĵӣȻΣǣôһϵ˭Ҷô
ǣ
ǣû˵ʲô
СҲҪԼûǸ¡
ŮӺܲʣҲ֪˵ʲôСģƲŲֻԹĿɨŷƣõ棬һȻ
ãܿͺˣСҲȥԹԵĶŷƸʳ
˺飬һһޣ㶼ǿǳ࣬ǺΪˡ
رС򣬱𿴸ͷСһҲٶȣȷҲȥ
һʮصĿ⣬ǽһĶӣõһ
θ
ĻŮ۾һ˻ȥԼĿջС
ȻСֱӾ˹ȥõķƴ󷭰ۡ


271 һ
֣Ҳ
Ǳ߲Ϸеջߣһ۷ƣɫЩŹ֡
Ҳ
һ㶣

ϳżŮ֮ƲƲ졣
ֻСǼһǸ쵰ŮӻУһ˫ǰһֻţ˿ںԼȥļֱֻۣģΪ˳ԣʲôˡ

ǳ˳飬ɫֱӺ
Ѿģ̫ˣ
ҪҲôһͷС޾ͺ
ЩۺһС򣬺ΪĽ˵š
СһֱͣɱһŮԣֱ椵
ߺߣ
ƺûнӻ
֪Сһͨԣ˻װɰǻԵİˡ
࣬ΪһڳԵģ˿ûнڲٿԡ
̫޳ˣ
ȻһⱻӣСһһתһŤӳ˼Ůħצ˸ͷһܽ˷ƵڣǲٳõļŮղѡ
ڼŮԹĿ⣬ƾû¡
һϣܿ͹ȥˡ
󣬼ͫڵâҲȥȻǼҲûȥʡ
Ͼ˼˽¡
ţһ˱һ·ֻǣŮĿһֱԼȴõķβѣгһֱȻѡֵˡ
ˣ֣ϰУ
˵䣬ϴһĨЦЦ
ΪɣʮߵһˣʮѾڶ࣬ңǻԵʣѾһ쾧
֮ˣˡ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
ٺ٣ҹŽ鲻ðɣ
ϺٺһЦչͷ
ţʮѡ
ųЦݣ΢΢ǡ
ʵѣĽȣӦúЩţԣֱӶ˵ʱ䡣
ôܣʮ죿û˽ǰĵز
ֱӾͽ˳һ˫۾Բɣܲ˼Ŀŷơ
һ飬û˽̵Ҫ뱣ƽ⣬ʵ̫ˣ츳ߵĽ̵£Ҳ˰֮ãǿıƽ⡣
ǰ꣬ȴѾƽĻϣʼˣ
ܽܡ
⻰ҲһͣϾǹˣҲ׷֮·ж࿲ʱǶԷͶԻɵĿ⡣
Ǻǣ
Ʋûнֻͣ΢΢һЦ
һѵǹ
ϰգһ۾㶣Уҵøȱȣ
ͣ
ȣôȣ
ǲźۼ䣬ʵ
ȻóʮǿһԲôͷ
ҪԣԼʵ˺̶ֳȡ
ϾƿǱŶͷȥģһߵƷŶ磬ǰ϶ˡ
Ͼ֮ϻиߵƷкʳҲ룡
ǰ⣬Ƕ뺶ʳУ֮ˣҪǰļ̫ˣǳǾš
Ŷ
ķˬľʹӦϻЩ㶣ЦֵܺƵ˵ֵ۸㣬Ҿ̶ȣıһΣ
û⡣
ֱӾʹӦ
Ұ֮ϣ˾룬վڰ֮⣬Ҳǹע˵Ķ̬
⻹ñô
ǸŻӱ˱졣
ȻϺϲҲϣϣǸңҲɱﵡ
ǰɱﵣ
Ϊϣ֮ˡ
ǿƱԣֱ۸ˣ
ǺǣҲһ
ԼӣҲǺΪ⣬۾ſųϵˡ
УҲƫسϵģϾϿǧ겻֮ţ
ע⣬ˣ
ļ䣬ϵƤЦҲһ£һαŷƳ˹ȥ
ȭ
һ棬ȭͷӭȥ
飡
ȭͷҵײһ𣬷һƵһбŷ˳ĵĳ
ŵŵɣ
˴㵵Ŀ£ƵһŶرסΣǣȴһ֮󣬲
Ŷ΢Цŵ꣬һǵЩ졣
ôܣ
˶Ŵͣڣǲ֮ɫ
еȻꣿ
ڶȭ֮ϵĨҲһ˫۾â˸˸ƺ뽫ƶ
ûֻ׶Ѱôᡭ
ҲЩš
ʵкܶԭȣУûӣУʹ似ûУԭ


272 ¶
Уղû׼á
Ǻӣµ
ȷ̫ˣʵûʹ似ҲѾ۷壬ǣƵȭͷײʱãǸڵԪܣԼ
Ҳ˵Էһ飬Ѿ쾧
Ǻǡ
ЦЦǣԣ
ã
һڣʱһͬɽƣڳϵ۶˫ĿҲǱͨһƬΪˡ
أ
һŶڵ棬͵ıһֻȭͷ֮ϣͨԪƶͬȼһ㣬ȻŷƳ˹ȥ
ѾСǰˣ
׾쾧Ҳģ
٣
һ˫۾ǵӶΣֻź죬΢΢룬Ȼͬͻһ㣬ƣԪУһǳɡ
ȭ
ȭ
һһ죬ȭͷײһĽӰ˿ȥȻʤ
ľ棬õ˿ɵۣþò
԰Ƿ԰
Ŀͣڷȭͷ˸ɫԪૡ
ôҲ벻ͨ׵꣬ƾʲôԼĵӵƴĸָ¡
ŸŮɫһ£ɶǶԷƵıָе𾪡
ţѧԺţҲţԣȻ˵ƿܲ򵥣ǶΪ⣬Ǹղţ˵ʮƿطУҲΪֻϹѣڣǲٻˡ
֮ͬûһܿ
ʹ죡
ǷֿΣϱǴһûֱͣȥ
ÿһǷӣսӣ
ǱȻģ
ٺ٣
ôһõĶ֣ͻ飬ûطйķƣô
飡
ȭȭŶԽţ˾ôײÿһ£ǶǾȫȻһֱױ
ǣҲѾﵽ۷ĵزˡ
ûʹþնҲûʹá򡯣ۣƾ転ƣӱȭڵĳƷӲĿ
ǰڵӰӿʼ𾪣ڣѾľ
ôһ꣬Ҳͻ鲻ãж꣬ȻԼĸ¡

Ե
޵𾢵ˣǲǳ鴤
أ
ٴζԺһȭ˶ǵ˿ȥ
ͣ
ڷٴʱ򣬳ȴǽͣˣϵ˦ѾЩ׵ȭͷлϵ
ƣӱȭǿǺܵģ
һʱ򣬱ܣѾһˡ
ô
һ㶣ȴҲͣһɵĿ
꣡
ŷ飬һҪ˵ĳ嶯
˫ֻ΢ȭͷˣ
꣬⵽˭
ǰʣȻԼ֮ϣ
⵽ǹﻹ˰
ţŷƵ񣬸Ǻ

һ飬ЩڨڨȴҲ֪˵ʲôá
ˣ棬Ų֣̫ˡ
˦˦֣µһģ
û£ſ־ˡ
ƺ˵š
һʼҪԳϵȫ
ϾǾҪеˣбͰ˳ڡ
ĻõĳϵɫֱӽסһоˣǸߣҲޱȴ㵵Ŀ
Ȼ˵ſ֣
Ҳ˵׵ʵܶԿڣһӵ쾧ڣ
֮ǰǿ϶ֱ˰Ƿ̫ԴˣǣԸղŵıƴȷϵʵѾ۷壬Ҳֲ˿ĺô
ڿһɵģƺûоȫҲ˵꣬ȷӵһƴʵ
˻
һ뵽޲ǵһ
⵽ǴðģȻȳ
ȷ
һ࣬ʵ
š
ע£ƺصĵ˵ͷ

ſڴЦƺ첻ѣãȻҳҲҴţҾʹʹĴһɣ
˵䣬һɿ񱩵ƣ˳ΧҲЩŤ棬ĽΪģһ㽹ӿȥ
ڶʵȫŷҲһͨĻ
ǣ
ӷƵĿУŷһĺһѪ˿ͫӣǵҲһһ͹
ͻ˵ע£䣬ɺΪǾ㵵Ŀ£һƬƬ۴ֱ˳ͨһƬȴҫɭĹԣаȣ


273 ؼ
ʲô
ţѵǹô
ÿ£
Ů𺳳һ˫˫ͫ͵󣬺ܲ˼ĿųǸɷڵꡣ
ﻹֱۣ
ˮͰ׳˸ĺ⣬һƬƬͨƬһֱըԵӾ
һɹɿ񱩵ϢԶţͬһͷĹ޸һϵĿ񱩳õ˸
̫ˣ
ʲô
߼ʶ㣬ʱҲ𼶵ԣҲΪ֮
ʱķƣһͷĹһ㣬˳Ϣֱֻ۱ŷõΧĿռ䣬һŤƺܲסֱֻһ㡣
⵽ڸʲô
ͻ䣬õԭƵĳҲĿɿڴһ㡣
ȷǼˣ
ǳƬֱۣɢűϢһһ㣬õҲЩ֪롣
ٺ٣
ǣҲԵЩһ죬׼ô
أ
һ棬飬ͬһͷ޳Яųϱȥ
飡
һһСȭͷײһ𣬷һͬװ죬˾ϯȥܱߵһһ㣬ţڳϵһĨʹҲ˶ȥ
˻
˳Զϲϵ˦ֱۣвϵھ֮ɫ
꣬˵ֱֱۣӾµ᲻ɴߣɿֱֻ۵Ĺ챻۶ˡ
٣
Цһٴȭ
꣡
ͬ޵ķƣϰһɫҲ˲֮ڣ˸˷ܵĹâ
ʱͱڣΧĴҲֱӱյĽƣͬһһ㣬¶Ļ档
ߣ
ƺһһһ壬ͬţһӭײȥ
飡
ͨȭͷҵײһ𣬴ضΪ֮һ󶶶յһۿɼΧһо顣
ʹ죡
ϴһܵĻ棬ٴγȥ
أ
Ӱϵײһ𣬵һӣʮ֮ڣǿӿݣûһƽĵط
Ҳһʼ𾪣ıڵľˡ
һ׵ˣȻһڶ࣬ӵ쾧ˣĸ¡
⣬ֱǲ˼飡
ǷǰôҲŻ¡
ﰡ
ֻƬֱۣжǳ鴤ѡ
ǿĳʵ֮ܿϣʵȫֱֻϡ
ֱֻۣӵл֮ܣǿ񱩵ԻһУ
䣡
ٴҵĶһȭӰ俪ȥ
˲ˣ
Ŵӵϱ
̫꣬ˡ
ֱֻۣг鴤
ǹԼ쾧֮ҲⲻˣһӲʣԪˡ
˵ţϵĻȥǣ˫ֱۣǲϵĶš
ʹİ
ô
סΣɻĿ
꣡
ϳ˳ǣһۣǹҲܱȣ
һ˵ǹѧԺʱǶǱ˽š
ǣ
һǣһۻɢȥָ
ֻǣȴǷˡ
㣬ȷʵǽˣΪ۵ԣԺҪ׼һЩ۷ڽָˡ
˻
ϲס˦ֱۣŷ˹
ΧŷתȦŵСĲǹģ

ƺǳ˳飬һüͷ㻹Ҫԣ
꣡
һϱ˿һξ룬һĿŷơ
Էֻ۵ܣǼ£Ҳ޷ȴˡ
ʵ˶ûʹκ似ôܵӲƴ
ȻҪʹ似Ҳڷֲʲôôˡ
նһǶһľϲ
һȶҲû˸Сƣ˵ЦˣŮǲһԣĿҲǺΪӡ
ۣ̫ǿˣ
ιֱۣʲô
ϸ˺ܾãϻǱﲻס˳
⻰һڣʱȫǿơ

üͷ壬һصЦ⣬һؼ
ؼ
˶һ
Ȼȫ˵۵ܣҲȷ֤ˣǾǴ˵ӵйĪ֮ܵĻĹؼ
ԭˡ
ϵ˵ͷĿһĨ⣬ֻûоȫɣ
Ҳһ
һ䡣
ϵΪʵľ
ͣȻڶ֮࣬⣬Ҳоˣ쾧
ΪһߵƣûӵмɱﵣǾԲܵ顣

ӶЦЩϧ


274 ϲ
Щÿ϶Ҫһÿҹ䣬ϱǽ̷һЩеעⳣʶҪ㣬֮󣬷ƱȵķˣֻٶȲѣõǴ
ڷѾǹĴˡ
ৣৣ
ҹĻµϣһӰȥ֮䣬û˿ͣͣÿһͬˮʲô覴

˫һգϣ¶һƻĵЦ⡣
ȷҪԼĻǱضҪһκܳʱ䣬ڣ˳ϵָ㣬ȷ˺ܶ·Ǽ죬ѾյĲˡ
УУС
һ⣬ҡԴ˹̫ˣٶȣǻ粻ء

һ飬Щڨڨ
֪һΪԼľ̫͵µô
ϵϴһĨĪ΢Ц˵
ѵǣ
΢΢һ㶡
ˣ
Цһգɫ磬ֻһѡ
üͷһû˵ֻǿ
ǺǣУֻǵжѣǷǳġ
Ͻ͵ֻһƨɾȥ˼ڿ⣬ֵڶַзʽǽУ֮У
֮
һ㶣ʵô裿
裡
һЦľһ壬һͨ˫籡˳һչαǳ
ճ̨ϣһӰߺ͵Ӷţβ׽磬ǷƵٶܱȵġ
۾һ켣ƺʲô
ৣ
ֱڣŶԷʵô
š
һ΢Ц˹֣л֡
ٺ٣С£
һЦΪصĵͶԵ֪ΪΣһμ棬Ҿϲˡ
ԹԵ˵ţС˶ĵһʯĿ
ƣΪ⻰ϵĸм֮Ҳһ˿˼ԶһֵĿ
ѾģԱУУ
ôˣ
һԵãַȻȴ벻Զ˴㵵Ŀʱ΢΢һ㶣ЩȻʵ
ȿȣ
ҲΣɿ˼Լƺ˵ˡ
꣡
ǳ˳飬һĨɫ
һļڿ죬ֱӾ˵ˡ
ιǲҪˣ˵ϲϲ˺֮ϲоϵϲϲԵϲͬԵϲ
һͣõ˸Ǿ㵵ĿǸоһëȻٴ˿ʮס
ѾģȻϲˣͬԣ
ǹŹ֣Ů˼
ѹѾĴŮɫ
꣡
һ˵飬֪Լ˵ˣֱӳԼĴ˼£ʹ
£»ƺҲϴˡ
ţҵװ
쳤Х棬һߡ
¹󣬷Զľ룬һ֮ڣƱȻıܿǼҲͬ
ϰһȻĺܲλٶȴԵ࣬÷ƺ⡣
УʵҲֻѡ
ԹһۣԼż׾ķƣ˵

ƱĻڣ֪ܿˡ
㱼䣬𣬷ϿƵʱǰеٶȣֱ˲Ϣǧͬݿնһ㡣
Ӧòֹô򵥡
һ֣Ƿ似
˵ţ似൱ѵãǲˡ
似
һ˳˼
ȷǳ˵֪з似ֶ
ҲǣϵݣҲûõ似󣬷似֮ѵá
Ҳȥμȵİɣ
ڲݵϣЩʵ
û
Ƶ˵ͷֱӾͳˡ
Ȼ
˶һ١
ǻʳˣ
ϲͷʵ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ

һ㶣ʵѵҲ֮ˣ֪ĸ
Ǳضʲô򵥵пܣǸߵ֮һĳһ

ӷƵĿУ³һǸû֡
Ƕһɻ󣬷ƽ͵ֻһеѣû
е
˶һȻ
һе
Ҫ֪֪еһ㶼ܴҲ˵еڣѾǿˡ
ǿ߶ֻڵʲô˵
Ȼǲܵģǣȴʵվǰңǵĸ¡


275 
һʳ֮ڣģȻǻңߵģȴʥɽ
ʥɽһʳĵ̣ߵ
ԣܽʥɽģɶʳеţӢеľӢ
ڻңʥɽ֮£ǾǻʳǶǷ־һ̣Сӡ
£Ǹ
ΪߣУͣͨĸȼ֮ͨ⣬ÿһȼַƷϣУ¡
ƷߵֻʮȻƣƷĸߵΪʮƷΪʮƵǾͨӵƷס
ȼƷ׵Ļ֣ȣ
ȣΪ׶Ρ
һ׶ΣƷ֮ȡ
ԣʳ֮ǲġ
Ʒ֮ȣ֮ƴȣܼ򵥣ÿѡʮˣһ̨ͨƷԼƷ׸ߵս
սģʮʮȻԼʵǿһҲģս֮Уһʮ飬Ҳгֹġ
ܾͰܣʤΪʤʤˣܴƷͷΡ
ȻƷΪӻʳõԴ࣬һıƷû⣬ϣģȻߵƷ׽
ڶ׶ΣͷϷʳΧڣʮڣԲμӣֻҪɣǰܱѡʥɽ
ʥɽĺôǾͲ˵ˣ屻ʳݾֻҪһľ磬ΪһҲǲܵ顣
֮ȣǸıһֱӵĵ·

Ұ֮ϣǿ֮£˵ĿⶼǿǸͨꡣ
ѵԼļ
Ǹ꣬Ƿ׷׻Ȼ
Ҳǣʵǲ϶ԿǣľȴǺܵͣ׶ѣֻǣȴӵĪؼԲűް
ˣǲΪǳϵĶ֣Ϊϸûжʵ
ǿɲҽеģ
Ǻһš
Ҳпһ䡣
ҲףȻǰ꣬չֳһֱֻۣԼƽǣ˭˵Ѿ㾡ȫˣ
װȻԼӵ쾧ڶ࣬ƽ֡
һ뵽ϵͲƽ
ңеΪӵôһȣǶŹʣߵûʲô⡣
ԣϲ˵á
Ǻǣ
Ʋ÷΢һЦû
ϱȹ֮ӵԼʵĳ̶ȣȻ˵ûʤİգʱҪӮԼҲô׵ġ
ңףֻҪ֮ǰ侧۷壬ϳ̶ֳȵĵ֣͸ˡ
һڵ꣬ипȥϵĵ㷱ǣĿԶ૵Ҳ㣬Ŵȵһȥģ
ᣬȴĳеİ
ȷΪϴεĹھľҲˡ
ֻǣؼ֮ϣ
˼һۣףʮ϶ҲԼĻԵõ˻Ĺؼңпܲһؼ
ûؼʶǰʮǸܣ
ǣ㣬ҾãΪǸǱڵĶ֡
૵
Ǻǣ
һҲ˵ϡ
Լֺγأ
ʵֻһѡ
ϲͷʳʮ˿ڣֲţ㣬û֮ǰô֪ôأ
û
Ƶ˵ͷ
ЩڵģͲ˵ˣϵģҲм˱עģ
ϰ˰֣İ㣡
дŰ֮ʱڵĳлľԾ죬֤ʵΪľԸƷʣҲ˵ڵԪʹﵽ쾧ĳ̶ȣ·ϸһ·˳ͽʮʦʮʦʮ飬ʮ꣬ͽڣ
⡭
ǷҲΪ֮˿
ʮڣֲ̫ˣǰʣպ𣬼ˮɡ
֮󣬾ûϢˣ˵ҲǵõһЩԵڵѾǶʮˣʲô磬ǾͲö֪ˣţѾʮһμεĴȣ
˵䣬ϵڣҲǾâ˸˸һɶ־б¶˳
Ȼη塣
ڶˣԽͯ壬ǰǣڼǰһ˽Խһӵǿߵļ壬𣬲һˣ˷֤ʵ
֮󣬳˵ǴţӵдԵ֮ˣõķƵüͷ
εȵˣƺҪǿܶడ


276 ħ
½ţţԵǴڣһ۷壡
˵߸ˣԱһƷ֣ԼһҲûס
ӵ룬ԼӦֵʸҲûС
̫Դˣ
һֱƶΪԼ쾧͸һȣڻӰ֮󣬸ˣѾ͵һκ˵ĵز
ĸ
һ˵ȣǾһҪڣ
ģǸʱʵԼʸô

Լӵں쾧֮ܣ

Լӵ似ľն
ЩЩţǰʲôǡ
ҲԺں˼ʮ飬ϰٿ쾧ˣԼǸʸǣȴڡ
ǵģӵѾӵ˵۷ʸ񣬵ֻʸѣ
֮治У˵⼸ˣǸţĴڣԼһѣңǵĽŲԼǰ档
Уһ޷ĽȸС
⻹ֻһʳ֮ڶѣ
ص壬ռңƼѾԿ϶ǱضһҵĴڣ
Ҫ֪׵ԣǿǴ˵еԣΪϡУ½ֻдţȴһֱûӵй
һ㣬ͿԿóռңǾһ޷ĴڣǶָͷһʳ֣
ȻаӰħ̣ӹɣضһӴĴڣֻǣǴڰаˡ
룬һȫɶʦĽ̻ᣬǸһôĿֲڡ
ĴڣȴҲֻڰ棬ǣʲôõðͷ
һ뵽ƾ޷ƽ
½ˮ̫ˣԼֻϰˣ̶ˮ֮УԼʲô

ĺ˿еȫ˳Ƶ֮ڣһĨҫ۵ľâ
аıǮ
ũҩ䣬
վڴ½۷崦
ңڵҲǰǸˣӵ˱ټֵۣƽƽˣ

һɺϣſڣһЦк˳ֺηǣ
죬ģ
û˻ϿˣĲ֮
ңᰡ
ʮ꣡
Ʊǲͷʵ֣ǻʳأ
ʳ֮˲Ҫ̫ǡ
˵ʳȴһɣõķΪ֮Ȼ
ǺǣʥɽڻʳһģǶǿѡʥɽڣԣҪ̫ˡ
Ͻ͵ֵ½Ի⣬Щûм̵ţҲеģϾĹżڻʳʲôԶпܷ
ԭˡ
ƻȻ
ܽʥɽģǻʳˣʥɽôãȻԼļϵżǵȷܸʥɽ
ֻǣЩȴΪԼʵԣҲ¸ӣ֮ҫһ
ԣһǰĻڻʳЩ塣
ǣΣȴð߰˸ЩЩţѾԽˣ

Ǳߵվһˣв
˭
ϼͬʱʳ
ˣԳơħ
һ࣬
ħ
˽һ㶣ƺȷǵһ
Ҳȷ׻᲻֮ϣԣһֱû˵
߽͵
ʦħʲôˣȻиô֣
Ҳվʵ
Ǹ
һأƺħ¼ҲЩ
ħԭǻʳһȨеķϲģΪϵĹϵʮʱļ壬ˣȫ壬ֻһѣԭһϲҲûʲôһʮ꣬ȥٴγˡ
˵ţƺҲЩѵʮʱ䣬Ȼ֪ѧһĶǼļȫ嶾
ʲôʦ
ʮŮǾֻзƣֻ΢΢һѣһĨѡ
ʦ˵ģǣ˵
ţ伸Ӧûũҩⲻ˵Ķ
ûңӦǵؼʦ
Ǿ㵵Ŀ£ٴ³һըԵϢ
꣡
Ӷղ޵ŭһ䡣
ӵˣ˭֮ƴѵȥҽȵĻеؼҩʦɣ
ܿҲԼ츳ʵǣҪ϶ʦȴзë


277 ĺֽ
ʦĴڣ˼£ԣһ˵ħһʦһؼʦ֮û˵ǰϣҲ˵䣬Ļ
ʦۣѹǧǿߵİǡ
ڶʦǰҩʦûվţ
ԣǳڶԶʦη壬ҩʦݣŻᱻһٶ׷ڣ߽ҩʦݣѾ߹ЩΡ
ʦħĻȥô
һΪƵʵ
ЩʢţһսǣҪһֻţ;ëȻ֮
ֵˣܣûеڶ·ѡ

üͷ壬ãҡҡͷǸħ죬û֪Ҫʲô飬ȥȥȣû֪ѾʮˣȥǾûˡ
һϯϵģģһҲֱӿȥ
Ĳȴײһ鶾棬İ
Ǻǡ
һɣ˳˵ļˣνġħֱӾͺˡ
ιô£
Цϲûʵ
ô
Ʒһ䣬ЦеĿ
ԼãЩһЩ⡮ħǲŽкء
ţ¸ǵ⡣
ħһҪ
ЩڴҪԳΪħˡ
Ͼ˵ݣ˵ӣǶӹţϲĳЩţһͶŵͷΣԣǲ˽⣬ӹűΪţҪ١
屻Լӹţ룬ʱӦúܾɣ
ʦ˰Ӱħ̰ɣ
ţƵһĹȻȡ
һȻɵŮӣԺ֮ڡ
ߣһŮˡ
ʵô
ڨڨЦЦһƬᶨ
Ȼ鲻ǣϾ˵ĵһζԼˣңĳ̶ֳ˵Լһ
ԼŮڰӰħ֮ڣƿɲġ
˵㲻¾Ͳ£Цô
ϾˣѾһֱϣǵȣôô죿
ȿȣ
һ㶣عɿڨڨЦЦûнʲô
ˣȻʲôħҪȥĻҾͰѵһøˡ
ϵǴ󷽵ĺܣֱӴһӣһôáȥˡ
ǣ
Ʊ˱죬˷ƤûûƤˡ
ٺ٣
һɣ죬ûûΣٺһЦǵʲôҲûз
Ȼˡħ⣬ǣǰС
˵಻࣬˵٣Ҳбصõġ
һҹתۼ
ӣߵĸˣʱҲֵͦģԵҲ
һĸˣÿ첻ʱͷƺһֱڷһ
رǳϣһڷƵ³Կȴû˿ԽսԽµơ
š
ϵ£ԣ԰ܣԣ˽յһΪ
ǣÿ춼ǻôһĻ
һŻĻˣһֱϳƬ꣬˲ϵײͬţһײȻôһһεײһ
ˣҲǰϡ棬ڵļֲˣֱļһҪôԼҪô
ȻŮ¾ͲһˣſõĿ⣬ջĳֻ̰Сޡ
ֻҪеĳԣҲںԼжֻԼ࣬ٲȻѾﵽ˳Ի߾硣
Ϊ˳ԣԲһС
ǣһûĵģֻҪˣֱӾƨˣ˭ҲסٶȣҲΪ֮ȡ
Ҳˣ⣬ֻһͷħô
ٶ֮죬ڣң߾ȵǣǣ̫ˣ˻飬Щͨħġ
ܣܶడ
ԼӺĸµ꣬΢΢۾
Сӣɵɵ
ųˣߵǲźۼ䡣
Դӷ¶֪֮꣬պضΪ˵ĴδȲǰƾֻۣҲ϶ᱻѡʥɽ֮ڡ
Ͼʮѣٹʮ꣬˭ĵ֣
ֻҪǽʥɽǼ͵õ˵۷ʸ֤
ͬʱҲ֪ǳϲסӦòԼͬ·ҲͲнˣֵˣǵЦŨˡ
һλܽʥɽδǿ߽ãһĺ¡
ˣ·ˣֻа£ȵĵһ׶ξҪʼˡ
ߺһһٴ̡̤
ԺӦѾ˰ɡ
Ŀ⿴ԶʣһǸȥ


278 ִ
ʱĺܿ죬ЩһҲȫڸ·ϣҹҲͣʱ
ȻƵÿභǿûȡҲûԡ
һ൱Ķ֣ǿǺѵõġ
ֻǣʱ䱻˶ңÿֻܶʱ
˸ԶǴеõĪĺô
·Ҳûͣȡ侧Ҫ侳磬ԽߣնܲԽ
ڲȵǳܲסۿֲһȱݡ
һ侧Ѿн׵Ľޣټÿгôһö֣·ٽԼʲôӰ졣
ٵٶȣҲõķƵⲻѡ
侧ˬ
⻹ǶС򣬲ȻƾǰӵҪõǧ侧ǵȥ
ٴ֮󣬷ƵķҲǴߣǾϵĲ࣬ţﵽǰٶҲ⡣
ֻǣϴηϳ˯ѾµʱˣȴҲûļ⵽õķЩȻ
Ҳ޴ֻ֣ڴܹԼ

䣡
ͷţٴײһȻӰǱƷ˳ȥԶԶģαҳڸǡ
ˣվ͵Ϊֹˣ·
ϸ߸߹գ߳ѵ
ϣ
һԾϵĳһЦ
˲ʱ
԰ôϽвԵĵط
ţͣԾᡣ
ôˣ
˿
ˣ
һƣȥˣ
ʱˣڷߺһˡ
ѣ˲ע⵽ȷƲˡ
СӣᱻҴιȥ˰ɣ
Ŵͣ㵵ĵ
ٺ٣Сӽôô򣿡
תǼһӰӺ󷽼Ӷ
СӣıҴˣ
ΧŷתȦһЦʵ
ͻˣ
Ŀ¶âɨ˷һۣ嵭˵õĳϵЦ
ͻˣ
š
㵵Ŀ£΢һЦȻĵ˵ͷ
Ǹ
ʮŮжðôͷ޲пѾģ찡
һ£ʱ䣬ͽһףٶȣĪֻ
Ȼ侧Ҳֻǣ侧һ㶼ֻͻ֮ʱĲ֮裬Ԫ̫ݳˡ
ڷƸǵѾˣǱǻָһٴθ·
Ͼֻвһڵʱˣûʱ˷ˡ
ٹգ·ϵҲǶ඼һߴ죬ȻһȺˣֻǶˡ
ȻǳŴȥģ㲻ܲμӣҲǺõġ
ϾȣʮŵһΣңܲμӵһǸظš
ʢᣬȻݴ
֮һȻǳ˵ǰ
Ƶĳǽյҫ£ɭĹԣһֲɴݻٵӾ

ʱ䣬Ʊܱߴһ֮ǰһУõҲϢĴȻ䣬Ҳ
ǰĻʳǣǹģǷΧǶȻĹżڵľ۰ҪӴĶ࣬ǰĳǽҶߣƺʣ룬ķΧɸˣǾû˿ѹ
߰ɡ
ΪǶ𣬾ˣߵĴ£һ߽ͬĻʳǡ
ſڴվ˶ʮź׵ʿ¶Ŀоâ˸һ֪ʵ
鵱
ǲźۼĳ˳飬ڻĹżѾֲˣҲûбʾʲôֱ˽ȥ
һҵ֮ͨ󣬰׳Ĺâõķ۾΢΢
ǰһƬ֣ȺͬһڿĽֵţͬ׹
߳ƱǾöһֱ죬ֱԪס˫žúһЩ
У

˿ŲԵĳ˵֣ʹ˸ˡ
š
ټ֣ϣڴܼ㡣
ģ
΢΢һЦΪš
ٺ٣СǸͣ
죬ȥķƵļȴ߲źۼĶ˹ȥ
ƿûǣѾĺð
ķǾɫһĶͷ߷

ųϵć˶ǱһЦ
Ѿģǻá
λˣ
Ц⣬ֳ˹˹֣Ⱥ֮ڡ
߰ɡ
ỽһǳһȥ


279 ͻ
һСԺ䣬ȻǺܺҲ徻ࡣ
ڣʮˣλģٲȻǻµľˣӰҲڡ
лŮ
ŮģԶǰǳˮ飬һ嵭ţһɫ㣬ӵ֮ˡ
ŮȻǣˮڣȴڵ¶һЩ֮ɫʱĳȥƺڵʲôˡ
ŮǾɫŮӣǣǼȴҲҶ࿴
ӰͲ˵ˣŮһ⣬ڣ᰹˶֪˶Ѿˡ
ƣ
ᰵ֡
˵ڵ᰹ڣңȨƣˣû˸ǡ
Ԫ˧ү׸һҩʦǶǷ縮ĳͣ˭ǣǲԼô
ȿȣ
еĲ豭ɿ˵ע⡣
죬ȵĵһ׶ξҪʼˡ
˵ţüͷҲ
Ȼ˵ǰʮʵǲرǺ֪ΪΣԪȻԣǴȴǼߣͻ֮󣬸Ǵﵽ˿ֲĸƷ
Ѿ൱쾧ǿˣ
Ϊˣ˵伮ȴҲûҵйУҲֻա
ƾŽԪĴȣ
ǿˡ
УӰһѾǶʮӣѾͻڡ
Ķ飬ƷǾûˣҪƷĻѶ̫󣬿ԼСܱȣܲܽǧǿҪҪϣǷӰϡ
Ͼԣϡԣ֮Ҫǿһ
ԣľˮ⻰˶ԵЩţڶð˺ˮ
ǵһξ˴ĳ棬飬Ǽٵġ

ɨһ۾˵飬̾һ
ʱѾӽˣǣȴûдϢԴ뿪֮ƺʯ󺣣ҲûйκεѶ
ھͺˡ
ǵӰȻǰŴʦѣǣţǸ꣬ԻᴴԼ漣
֪ΪΣڴˣȫ뵽ͬһˣӰҲˡ
ֻˣ֣Ǿʹʮ꣬ҪͣеƷ̶ȡ
ʮ갡
ÿһƷףڻʳõԴǶ޴һֱֲͣͻᱻԽԽ
û£Ǿɢȥɣ
˰֣ɫ΢ԵЩ

֮ǰƽԺҵԼ
ɿ˷ƣΪԺ̫ˣ
ǰȫһԺĲ˵Ҳм֮ңÿһԺҲûʲôıʾ·ˣҲ֪һġ
ԣǰľ󣬷ֱӾɵˣһǻʱϨȥ
ȥң
Ӧѯʴɣ
̬ƿʼΧ
˴Ȧӣҵһѯʵ㡣
һľһͷ˯
˹ȥ΢΢˳飬˼ҡ
ţ
ߺܿ˹۾˷һۣŵ£
š
Ƶ˵ͷΪʵʣıһ

΢΢һ㶣ųóһСʲôȼ
еƷ
ɱ΢Ц
ȵȡ
˵գ߱ڷӣѰš
죬ŵҵˣ
Ŷ
һϲ
ǰɣڵţˡ
С˳
л˼ҡ
Ƴ˹֣ǳŵȥ
֪û
һҸĻȣϵЦŨˣµĲӣӿࡣ
ˡ
˵ԺǰͣȴǼԶһȺΧüͷ
СѾͷǣү߰ɣٻ󡣡
һü۵ӴһĹӸߣʹĴţԽǴ꣬ǸӸԽǵ⣬ĿⲻǰɫŮɨɨȥ˿ûڸʲô
ٺ٣ׯܿǣǵĸϽ߰ɡ
Ǹ湫ӸԵļūǷ׷壬õŮ࣬Ƿ޷޵ŭȺˡ
ߣǲŲϡء
ǳ

ĺǳ⣬һЦ
ô£
Ҳ˳ȺˣüͷҲ
ǰȺˣԾͲʲôͨˣңпʳ֮ڵĳӵܡ
϶ã椶İɣ
Ļǲ£෴ֱǰڳһһȵ̬õĻǴüͷ


280 
һۣƱǿϤӰ
δˣǸˣһɬһݳ졣
һᣬˮգһ۾ͻݽ룬޷԰Ρ
һ¶ȻģһͷᣬһˮʤĽߣһէŵ飬ѩէŵĺ
Ůվһðٻʧɫ߼
һԳ˶
Ѿͷ
ȺŲļһεҡҡͷ֪϶Ѿͷǻˡ
ǣ
һǹֳһĨĻȣĿı䣬˹ȥ

ʳ֮ڣȨͬţëҪڻʳ㣬ǼضҪӵǿ⣬ŵʸ
ԣһ⼸̬ȣоʹв
ôǵ⺶ʳȨ
£Щ𱸵ɨһŮ

Ů֮ݣ̫ۣԼȴܳȥˣ޿κε̾һҡ
ʱΧԺҲ˳Ů޲¶޵Ŀ⣬Ŀ⿴ȺȨ֮֮ǲӣУЩߣЩֻŻ
ͷﲻ˵
ׯ㾹ȻҲ񣿡
ĸģ˵
Ӹ£ޱȵš

ѹеŭŬļһĨЦ⣬ǸŻׯ˵λӣֺαЩС˹ȥأ
ļ壬Ҫһʵ̫ˣ˵ɳһλ᰹Ǿֻˡ
ԣ̣
ʲôҲǹȥ
ϽģǹӿǼĸĥĥ䣬
Ǹׯ΢һٴνлˣֱָӶ㵽ȥˣǿˮĭĽȥõļŮ˲ѡ
ͷȰ㻹ʶ㣬Ȼ
Ȼôأ
һΪȺ洫˽õĳ˲ת˱Ǽһͨ꣬һһ˹
㣬ʮƽͣϣ¶һĨ޵Ц⡣
Ƹ磡
ϮſֱۣõӰ˽ԼС
λɫŮ˽һ껳УʱõȫȻԼУһƬ

꣬˿ϵĿɬҲһվڵӰɫ͸ˣֻۣǵͷ
ǣķѧԺļŮó羴Ŀ⿴Ǹꡣ
һ֣ƺҵĹһ㣬ǰʳǵȨҲһˡ
Ů˾ٶõİ湫ɫ࣬صһɭһĨ壬ҲһĨЦ
Ǻǣ
Ϥķ㣬ȻȻģƵƣ§Ůϸ壬õҲһŻȡ
Լֿ
ʱ򣬼ȫĿⶼǿ˫§ŮϸϵֱۣĽ۾ͨ죬ķϷףһ˫˫ǿ涼籡ɫ
꣡
ɱģ
Ůÿһǣ˱ɣһѾĪ컯ȻԵá
˭
ȻõŮԶͶˣҲ򵥡
Ǵݵӣǰ湫ҲµСȻҲҶ
ϾʳǵȨǲׯֻһҡ
ˣѾͷҶأ
΢Ůĺ󱳣ƴЦ⣬ʵõԭѵŮʱһߵ糺죬ʱջޱߣΧֱӾһЩٵĺ
ǣŮ˹ȥֱЩҲ֮ˣŻһЦϡ
Сӣڿϳˡ
ҲһЦ⣬ֻǣǸĹӸʱЩǡ
ٺ٣;Щʱ䡣
ƺٺһЦͷ
˾ͺã
ɨһۣǿ˷ƵΪ
нף
ʱ䣬꣬Ӵʦ׽нף
ǿŵ٣湫ӵһ飬ĿһĨݣߵһʹ˸ɫ
Сӣ
Ǹü۵ĹһӵɫʱһͦǰһֱץƵļ

Ȼܵĵƻû£תһɷ籡õǸԵڵأһֵĿ
˲£õİ湫Ӹɫ䣬ֱǰȥֱǰꡣ
һ侧ңΣ
嵭ĻӰ湫Ӹ³ΧЩ֮֮ϵɫǵ⡣


281 װƣ
һ侧ЩеУѾһʲĿˣ͵һڻʳõԴҲûԣȫˡ
ҲĿɿڴҲüͷ塣
üͷǻɷƻͷǣǰ湫Ӹ
׳һٿ侧ܼô
ٺ٣
ǸҲ¶ЦݣΧЩ𺳵Ŀ⣬ǸǱţ죬һ
ŮһֱվԣĿûΧһ㡣
ǵڣƺֻĴˡ
ǣ
ϵһζЦ⣬һٿ侧
ǵȻЩеһҲȡĿ
ķ湫Ӹǵ⣬ĿҲǷŮϣƺŮѾΪһ㣬õŮüͷ塣
ô侧ѵҿǶʯ
üͷһʵ
ٺ٣СӻеʶȻ֪жʯĴڡ
Ӷʱִ
СӣˣǰׯҶķĶӣׯʣ
װƣ
һ㶣ϵЦֱ󣬡
ͣ
ΧҲǴһЩ֮̿ЩˣǱɫͨ죬ȫϷʵĿǸɫǺĹӸ硣
֣̫ˣ
ūţ
ׯ̧֣ǸƨһĵڵأЦļŮй޵Ϻݺݵ˼š
꣬һӢͻˡ
Ц
ΧһʱЩϤϤͣȥ
Ȼкܶ˲֪ʯΪʲôǣЩȴǺ
ȥĹżռһ̵ܼ򵥵ô
ңҪǣׯңڻʳ֮ռһ̣˵ׯҿֹܻƴô򵥡
ڻʳ㣬˵ׯӵҪأһ̨ܴ󣬶ңкţ˴ڣڶпܣׯʥɽ֮ڣȻҪڻʳ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
ģ
һĿŷƣĿɱˣѾ˲֪ٴˡ
ʳ֮ڣ׼ɱˣս˫Ը⣬ڳڵ̨һ
ԣһֱûж֣ȻͶˡ
㿼ǵôˣ
ׯʼҧгݵʵ

΢΢ϵЦ⣬һĨζװүҵĶʯô
ߣȻ
ׯһΪȻ
СӣʳͶķǰʮĶʯ֮һׯҶķĴ㶼ûô
ٺ٣ǼүСӣ㻹л·ô
һٿ侧ǱСˣ
ЩūǿʼΪԼӽˣǸ񾢣õķɫ
˻
ţȻǻʳͶķʮǿ֮һׯҶķ
кϷ
ǿϧС˰
˷׷š
ɫҲֱӺ
ǾǸߵҲǲ𰡣
ɫҲ֪ڵǸǻķɲɫſڣҲû˵ʲô
Ŷǲˡ
һüͷǵζŨˡ
³ڣţȫб֤ЦǿߣʳҲͰλѣң³Իһݡ
ʦ
³ԣǿǺųƺʳΨһһλ켫ƷĴʦ
һͶķҲ൱۰һѣпܻ᲻硣
ʶͺã
ׯʷ֣óһ龧Ө͸侧յҫ£һ侧ҫ۵Ĺâõ˸۾
ţóһٿ侧ׯҿɲ˰
һٿ侧ʵ̫ݳˣ
ΧˣʱΪһ侧ֱһ󾪺֮
侧ѰҲ룬ȴʵڵĳǰˡ
ʱһ˫˫۾ð̰ɫǵ̰õׯҵȺ˸ǵǸиһȵġ
ҲſС죬΢΢۾
ǺǣˣҪ԰ˡ
ȫֻзһûΪ֮ɫˣİ˰֣ģƺûнٿ侧
һٿ侧
ӵǧ侧˵ʲôأ
ʲô˼
⻰ׯϵĵ⣬۾ɭȻʵ
ҾãҪ侧ׯҶķڶǣҪֱȥþˡ
üͷϵЦҲٺ٣ȻׯѾˣҾȥúõ棡
ڸҴԼŮˣ˭жһ;


282 
ʲô˼
ׯ۾â˸ʵ
ûʲô˼ٺ١
һЦ䣬һʱеȥҶķѣôׯӲӭô
⻰һΧǰ
һֱ̬˵ׯҸˣ
֪һеܿģΪҪ
ѵԼĵ
һе꣬˵ʵڵģû˿ѧԺǼѧԱҲġ
֮ǰǽڻʳ֮ڣκһǶܿģڣ˵ģƴӣΪΣΪ꣬һҲأ
֮ʲô
Ҳڳ˼š
һֱվڷԱߣıһֱС
棬û棡
ܺĿĨζ
ǣһӵλǿߵĻʳǴ壡
Ŀʼˡ
ţ겻֮£Ҳ˵Զνׯˣ
һ϶Ƿʲôˡ
ЩԼһС
ףһλؼҩʦңӵſֲؼ¶˵ؼҩʦݣҪʲôׯǿǣ֮ģǾ鷳ˡ
ϾؼҩʦʳҲλѣ
һ¶֮ô밲һżǼǲܵˡ
ãõĺܣ
ׯʱĻֱһɫࡣ
Сӣ
ҪΪڻʳܰȫҼүҪŪ㣬Ūһֻһ
ϽǸһ
Ǵŷƿ硣
ǣ
ƹмǣһׯʣ벻ټһׯҶķȻȥʯǼʶˡ
Сӣ˵ʲô
û⹷ū˵ķݡ
ɫһ䣬ͬһͷһ㣬籡˸ǣѵ˵⹷ūܴׯҵ˼ô
ԴͷľԪ֮󣬷ƱǾԼƢ䱩࣬΢΢ܼᱩޱȡ
㣡
Ǹƨӣ˵һɫǵͨ죬ϵľҲ͹˳
ׯʳ˷ãɭȻĵҪʯҪ׼㹻Ķʣ
ٺ٣Ͳˡ
۾ЩЦЦĿζʮ㡣
ߣ
ɨһΧˣׯһǳŻʳǵһȥ
¶޲ҪڶײԼʬΣǣΪʳǵĹĿ֮б
ҵҪЩжٶģ
Ů˵ЦķƣиǷȻµĲҲӿࡣ
Щһֿ׷׶Ǹȥ
Ҳ뿴굽ţɵ
һȻҲǽǸ¶˷֮ɫ
漣꣬Ǹ඼Ǳһϣ
ٴδ漣ô
ӰĬĬĸŻû˿ɫ¶ˣ׼ȷ˵Ǵ֮ԭͺ͸ˡ
ΪεĴȣҲ
ӵǵıӰӰ֣ԼԽԽ͸ˡ
磬ֻн׶ѣȴǾãԼԲĶ֣пܣһһʽҲӲ¡
ĬĬš
һʹδ˭֮ͬУҲĶ֣ǣȴԼ˵ӹС
үү϶ˣ϶ҪҲֻ޸Ӯ϶ˣ
ǵǿӰԼԺ֮ڣõǱ֮ϣȾһ糺֮ɫɨһûע⵽Լ΢ĺ˿ָƽ

ŮһһҴӵ֮꣬ϣ¶ҸЦ⣬زǶԸʣҲײֱۣܣõĽ۾졣
ѾģǺεºܰ
벻ͨΪɫŮϲôһڣͨꡣ
ˡ
ĺ˿ѹеǹĪа𣬡´οǻܳȥ
֣ŮĶͷ֮ϵ˵㣬ɫȴû˿֣еģȫ簮
ǵĴԼԼûǸ¡
Ҳ̫͵ˡ
ǹһаȶĻȣôׯˣ

ׯңڻʳ֮ڣҲˣٺʲˣңҪǣԼġ
İɣһġ
һԵԵǵĻƳһЦ


283 ҵ
һڽͷҲڶĿ⣬ЩϲֵˣǸ
ףǲׯҵׯүô
ѵˣ
Ҫ˵ùˣ
һЩʳǵľڻʶӯׯʹӵģһ࣬ɷӣ׷
ѵǿ
ǿӰŮɫ֮󣬷׷׻Ȼ
ȻׯҲǵһôˣֻǣƺˡ
ΪģȺԽΧԽ࣬˰֮󣬴ӿʼļʮˣֱӾͷչ˼ˣƺƴ󣬳ׯҶķӿ˹ȥ
ʱ˱һΪݻĸ¥ǰ
ңĸ̽֡
ׯҶķ
ſڣվĸ׳Ĵ󺺣ģΪûһ鼶һׯ˹׳ӭһֺá
үˡ
ߣ
ׯһתЩ𺳵Ŀ⣬Щ⣬ĿһĨмǶŷƵѾˣȥɣ
Ǻǣ
ǣŮ˽ȥһȺѸٵĸϡ
ģ
˭ԣŻڶĶͽУԶķҵˣҲǲٵģЩ˵ĴڣôʯҵҲ˵ķ
ߣ
ׯߣһ˦䣬Ҳ˽ȥ
һĹ٣Ĺ٣ķǮ˵ˡһȺӿ˽ɫһϲӭȥ˵ʲôʱ򣬱Ǽׯʺ˽
ү
ĹӭȥЦ
ģ
ׯҲֱָŷƣϣһĨҪúõķ˵ׯҶķдܣô
ţ
Ĺһ㶣ͷǣǣ
תԣһ꣬ĿⲻŮʱͫ΢΢һţæͷ˸ƺЩʲô
λʯİɣ
ͨȴӵɫŮԣĹֻһۣ֪Լүʲôˣԣ˵䣬ƵʱҲһĨϧ
ţ档
һǣ֣óһ侧ţȻṻ֪ͨҡ
ã
ׯ΢ͷĹ侧һȺ߽˶ķڡ
ķܴҲǧˣȺ֮Уʱıһ֮̾
䣬ʯ֮ڣǳ
Ƹ磬ЩʲôѾ
˫ˮĴ۾̽ڣǺ֮ɫ
һԵҲͬŮǵһ˵ʯû׹
Ǻǣ
ЦһŮһԵļǰһëϣ͵ëϣ侧ǴЩë֮ڿģô
˻
侧ʯͷ￪ģ

ΧȺҲǱһ֮ŮɰŴС죬Ͼǲ졣
Ƹ磬ΪʲôЩëϻô˰
ָŷϵǿëϵıۣʵ
ɵϣôÿë֮ڶܿ侧ô
֣ǵŮǣǽһʯĹ
ԭ
Щ˶һȻģĿɨЩϵëϣ¶˷֮ɫ
ĹȻĵȤ
ô
ŮҲЩԾԵģһĨ磬棬Լȥѡɡ
ҲڱˣôСǮںУⲻ򵥵ô
ĽɫŮѡʯһʱ˴Щͽǵע⣬ŮЧӦõȫĿⶼǼ˹ȤĿǵĶ̬
Сӡ
üͷ˹
ׯ˴ƣǵ
Ϸġ
ƳһǰĵûĽͣǳŮȥ
ѡ˾Լ棬ҲŶͿһˡ
ŮԥЦ
ĿԿô
ëϣÿһ鶼ң˸߼ۣõŮЩ̡̻
Ȼԡ
һǣתеĹ٣ˣ㹻һ¡
˼λ֮Ůеë϶˷ܵЩɫ糺죬ڣŵڴ
û
üͷ
֪ëϣңֻһѣʱ䣬õĺЩӵеҲɢ˲١
Ե棬ǽھԵķ֮ϵġ
˺ˣǼô
ŮίĿԼڨڨЦЦЩζʵҪô
ߣ
ŮǸһǴİۡ
ٺ٣
ƺЦһһͦΪǾͿҵģ
ǣ
һԵׯʲмı˱ǡ


284 
ׯҶķʳ֮ڣҲСͶʯڣǰʮ̣֪
ʱķ֮ڸǺΪ֣ڵ֮ԽԽˣ߽ȥۿô¡
ľҲӶԽԽӿׯҶķ֮ڡ
˵һëʲôأ
Ƶƣһë֮һֻͣһץǽǿǧöҵëС
侧
˷ܵͨ죬һ˫ƽקŷƵһã˵
أ
ǣͷֳһߵʵ
Ӧ
ı࣬һ˫ˮڣǼ
Ѿǵһëˣǰ죬˵̬ȱֱת˹
ʱڷ£õȫÿһ
ֻѡʯһ飬Ϳһʱȫ̾ãһԵׯʵˣҲӳ鴤ѡ
һȻֻͨģҲ൱侧ˡ
õǰޣ⹷ʺˣҲ̫˰ɣ
ǽһУȴõׯʵ˴ǰĲޣȣٵ㵣ֱ𾪣Ǹ꣬翴һһ㡣
һʼѡʯһѡʮ飬Ϳ߿侧
Ľѵɺô
ȫˣͽһ۾ͨ죬ǻȵĿǸ꣬ڴ漣
꣬Ǿ̫ˣ
ѧԺѧԱǣҲӸտʼĻȻڣǳ羴Ŀ
꣬ܵģ
ǵģĴڣһ漣
ӰҲſС죬ܲ˼ĿǰһС
ڶʯҲ˵һЩ֪ʯջˣѸٵ˷¸ǣͬʱҲף˼
ⶫõģ
ڣǰһУȴֲʵ
ѵүү˵ʯʦ
һͷð˳õһ
ǰʯʦ֮ʱǿϵĴʻȫˣ֮ʯʦǲƸĻ侧·֡
֣ôģ
Ҳǰ𾪣ڵƽ֣꣬ԽԽ͸ˡ
ʯʦȻ֪Ҽ֣ǴʱƵһƬƽû˿Ǿʹûͫ
ɻҲʳֻܱţȥ֮ʡ
Ѿ᰹Ǹˡ
֣ǰ࣬Щİˡ
¼۸ûУ
һһҵĶĹ٣ʵ
ǡˡ
ĹҲﻢ£һӣƲϵĶţ˺ôľŽ۸
£Ľˡ
侧أ
תǻЦݣƶСë͵ǰһЦӯӯĵʲôġ
ô
ҲΪӹëһ˫ڣ˸ڴ˷ܡ
ɯɯ
һһȻ£ëڼٵļš
ΪδëϣԣƿصǺܺá
ˣ
֪˭һ
ţ
ž˵Ŀȫ˹
ǸëѾˣϵģһӯӯ֮ĺɫ
Ѿһͨˣ
Ʒ
һЩʶĶͽгʱĴ
һҵëϣȻһƷ⣬Ҫô
Χľׯʵϣࡣ
ԼӭĲһͷ׵ķ򣬶һͷǣһͷѾõĶǡ
ĳ棬ûֹˡ
ѵҪǧ˵ĳ˵ô
ׯҶķǾߵͷˡ
ԣǿݣҲֻܺѪˮ̡
ܰ
޷һе꣬ΪλĹ졣
һ飬˵飬󱬷Ѿǵʮˣңѡʮë϶ѣ
ʯʦ
峺㣬ȷϡ
ǣʯʦǰνأ
ˣĻˡ
ĸô
קԼҵϣĿꡣ
Ǿӵһˣ
ÿ߶
ȻΪ¶ˡ
ƺ⣬һֵô˳ȥõΧĶͽǷ׷ѡ
Ѿģ̫ˣʯͷô
ڵĵǣţҸȥá
ק½ǣ΢΢С֣Ů˳ķ˿ǣŮС֣ŷëϵļȥ


285 
⻰ȫ˶ֱʯ
ʲôǣʲôȥþͺˣ
ڷ֮ǰı֣ҲǱֳĬҵׯʵʱ޲ͶֻĿ⡣
ׯүĶУһҲʹӰɫڴˣǱܲµȥ
ӣǵ˲ǵˣ
ЩһͬӵǣȴǸ²ȻɨΧЩëϼӣԵЩԾԡ
ڣһ̲סˣȻ˵ڶһӵϣƺͱûһ㡣
ľٶõĶͽȻУЩƺһ㡣
ӵŮķƣĳֻǻͷһۣһĨŹֵЦ⡣
ЩˣƿûʲôøС
Թֻۣɶǿ
һᣬЩһǱǽĽǮȫëϣ˸߲ҵĿë
ʱһӱǺȥ
ûκģеĻһڵذϣڶĳЦ
ԲУ
ô׬˼Ҹ￪ķ׬Ǯ
ܵģⲻܰôͿԣ
ǲţȴǸı䲻ʵĲпᡣ
ôһˡ
ƭӣƭӣ
м˽ܲʱʹ
ȥ
ԹûطЩһﾹȻˣʱׯҶķӿһȺЩӢӵȫƤףȻӳķĸҵ³

ԴˣֻһЦѣӵŮһֻëϷţȻٽһëѡ
˿̣жͽУƳ˲۲۵ĻӸ硣
ÿһһëϣҪŮ£оֱˣԥģǴ󷽾õΪ֮ա
ͬʱʣǸߵˣȫĿë֮ھں侧ֶΣõ˾֮࣬ĵӿһ
̫ˣ
ֶΣǵؼʯʦҲδаңôģҲûϸ
֮ڷһ̫ˡ
˵Ǿͨʯ֮û¶ͫǣ˵δ̫ˡ
үô죿
Ǹü۵ӴյׯǰС˵
Ҳ֪Ҳ֪
ׯ˫ĿãȻЩʧҡͷ
Ƕǣֱ
һӣҪ߾ˡ
ƬһȦܹʮëϣʮһƷģȻٰʮ侧ׯҶķƬͨˡ
ʵһЩƵëϣҲֻˡ
û취δܴɣֻܿС
лˣׯӡ
ׯŲҰ׵ɫһζЦ⣬ڵע£ٴοڣڵȫǷˣ鷳ׯӻҪ÷ϻˣӰ쵽ķġ

ʱȫׯҵȫһɫ
ȫͨëϣǾǴʮڵĽңڣȴһоΪǷϣ룬ǽׯ·ϱư
Ŀ˭ʧ
Ѫˣ
ֱǰ꣬ׯһ˫۾ͨ죬ҧгݵĺȵ
ǣ
ǣǴĴ˵ǷϾǷϣ˭ܴЩëڿһ侧һٿ飡

ɣëȫǷˣ
һһ٣˵
ˣЩģΪ˷ͷһٿ侧ͷĻȫ
ٸͽ˲ǧëϣȻģǧëϣһ侧Ҳûпʱп޲Ǿ㵵Ŀŷơ
ֻ꣬ôһ飬ȫжϳˣ
ǲţǣǧëûһ侧֤ë֮ڣȷܴ侧ˣУǧëϲһ飬˭Ըģ
ⲻɵô
ׯһȺˣңĿɿڴ
ջģϣׯүҪʧǡ
ǣ¶һĨаȵЦ⣬ӵŮǳſȥ
⻰ׯҲֲסֱ̱ڵأһƬãȻૣˣȫˡ
ʮڽҵëϰ
ȻǾʧҲô࣬ϾЩëϷʵҲȥǣôȫϵǴͶķҲʹһӡ
Ҫǣ˵컹Ҫ
ǲ㻻ëϣĻҪңպпҪȥ£ׯҶķҪֱӹţ
˶һ㣬׷׶ǳׯҵͶϧĿ⡣
ףôһˣׯҶķˣ


286 
ˮҹɫǹ׺һ¹ڵգɫ¹к£ˡ
ׯ԰ڣżһõɫˡ
ҲˣΪɫΪеļˡ
ˮߣ˵黰
һ̣Ůû裬ֻǰĿ꣬ĵϢ˫΢΢գϣ¶ҸЦ⡣
Ů⣬ܸоĵ
λŮɫ㣬ҼȴԼһƬΪжͬʱҲһΡ
ҷƺεºܡ
̾һ¶һĨꡣ
Լʵ̫΢ˣŮİΣҲܱ֤õһġ
С£ԼӦνأ
һУԴʵ죬Լ𣬻£ôܻᷢأ
ҪԼʵȺۡ
ȣ
ֻǵһѣԼǿ⻹ǿǿǷҪġ
̨þһ̨
ֻܶҪԼܽʥɽôҵİΣ;Բ⣬Ҳû˸ҵ⡣
ǣڵʵҪĻƺ˵㣬ͻƵ۷壬ҲûоԵİˡ
Щӣ϶սһʱ䣬ãЩŸһʹɱﵣԼӦԡ
Σõıĺܳ
ٵʮˣ
黹ȥ磬ũҩ䣬ԼҲǸӣһֱƾųҩҩڳţǣһҩҩԻӻϣᱻԭΡ
߽׶ѣ
ҩʦںʳ֮ڣţëۣ
ôΨͻƣͻƵڲоԵİգ
Ϊǲͬһߣ
ȣΪ£ʱ䣡
Ƹ硣
ܵŮ̧ͷЩɻ󲻽Ŀ
Ǻǣû¡
Ůϵĵǣֱӻһ΢ЦһĨ⣬ˣжǡ
˵ţӽָóһɢźĳݵ
ǡѵ
ԶĳɰſС죬ھǾȡ
ȻǷרΪ׼ģƷ³ıƷ
Ǻǣϲô
ķӦƺ⣬һЦӯӯĿ
ţϲ
ųǹɭ֪Լʵ
֮ŮչȵĴ꣬һʪĴӡŮԼҲߺա

΢΢㶣ڨڨЦЦּС֣óһֱӵ˹ȥ
ȻԵģȴҲͬƷӨһ֪ǷƷ
ӹͬһʻʢչӣڷƵһԼӡǣȻܾСãɿվܵһߣˣ
Ǻǣ
趯˵ŮϾЦ⡣
ˣ򸴺
ûʲôĵطֻǾЩԲŮϾߵ£޷̹ϵ˵
һı仯Ůϲ
ͬʱҲֻ֪»ǷƷ
ллƸ硣
ŮĽеӵԣĿĲϣҸϲ
ҹɫˣ˽
ŮԼһһҲԼļ˵Ůֻ֪ߵ飬޷ڡ
ħɽڵľգ·ϵļţĹż棬Ůע
ԭЩʯڵëϣԻĹż
š
Ƶ˵ͷһƬ漣رΣյĵ򡣡
ҹֵͷޣޣֵͷޣǶǴĴ̼˷Ƶ񾭡
Լǵ£Ǿһ㣬˿ûз
ŮȻԻĹż˺棬һ˵ʹȥǹ۹뷨
ûʵȥкã
ף
ַڷؿڵʱ򣬱Ǹоһë׵ֱɵʴƣƸ磬㻳ʲôѾ
ŶһֻСޡ
һ㶣˹ֽȥСק˳С򡣡
Сһ̫޹ˣ˯㣬ȴ˳ѣʱˮҼԹĿŷơ
ۣÿɰС
ôһֻСޣŮðǣ֣Сץ˹ȥ
С㣬ȴԼ˸ˣֱӾŮħצ֮£ޱߵʹ֮С
Щȫû
Ѿģá


287 
ׯҶķѪùˣ
ׯҵׯүׯʣˣԶڻʳڣҲĶ֮һ
ǿŮ˵Ǽҳ㷹
һ㣬ׯҵүҲû˸뷴ɹԣŵׯ޷Ը
Ҳûӵˣȥǣ۸ģЩСƽա
ԣҲֻˣ
һ·˳˳ˮׯҲǴ⡣
죬ӵ֮յľɫŮӣһ·β棬ֻμĳ֮Ǵҡڵ˳
͸ׯҶķһ¡
ʮڵëȫ٣ڵ֪ϢʱׯһѪ˳ֱӽׯʱһ١
˵Ǹ껹ʱׯһûֱӾͻ˹ȥ
ͽܣ
ϢӼǧͽĿһʱϢֱӴ˰ʳǡ
ڵ֪Ǹ֮󣬸Ǿڶľ֮ûš
ׯҵ¼ͨƽǴпģ׷׽кãֻ̽ׯҶķ˲źá
ԣһ磬ׯҶķſڱΧȺ
Ƕ뿴Ǹǲͬǰ档

Сڣ뻪Զϣڷһ衣

еĲ豭˿ǿһԺΪȻꡣ
ãʱڣõٴ̥ˣ͸Ϊȴǿ͸ʵ
ңãڣһɱϢǹϢõļ²ѡ
Сӣҿ͸㣬һֱǡ
̾һֱ˵
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦеĲ豭ЦӯӯĿߣʵ͸ⲢҪҪǣˡ

ԣڴЦû˾У
Խǿ󣬶˵ֻԽϾҲһԱˣļ壬ᰡ
ͬģǴҲǸƣţǿ֮󣬲᲻ġ
ԣֻҪʹ̣ңÿ˶ÿ˵ܣʶˣã㣬Ҳ֪
ʱˣȥˡ
ѾյգƵһĨζЦ⣬վֵˣЩҪϡ
֣óһӨ˸ĳ
Щ³ѰһЩҪ󣬲
ʦ˵ƷѣǣЩǶƷƷ̶ȵѰ˵Ѿǲɶõˡ
⡭Щѵ
Ŀɿڴʳ
Ҫ֪ѾϡеĹ֮ˣҪ뽫ֵ֮ľˣǱģ룬Ҳʦ
ԣҪһʵ̫ˡ
ûƷ׵֣Ҳֵʮ侧Ʒ˵Ʒ;ǰٿ侧ϡ
ң˵ĻԵģ
š
ϴЦ⣬˵ͷ
ʵⲻöѣռҲᱻ³ӽ¯֮ڻΪҽ
̫ˣ㻹ջȥ
ԼҲһƷȻóЩÿһԼƷҪǿĶࡣ
ԣǰʮǼֵǧ侧
ϣ°ɡ
΢һЦȰ˵Щ˵ôǣѧԱϣǵʵᷭһϣǺкôġ
⡭
ԥˡ
Ȼ֪Щ;ȫԱôʵضֻᷭϼƷҲ͸ϣҪģڵڶ׶ڣǧǿİգҲ͸ˣ
ȻҾͺƤˡ
̵
ţһһһϸĹ۲죬ٴξȳ
·ķһġ
ϣҳȥˡ
Цһһ䣬ǳſȥ
Сӡ׵õ˶ĻԵ
ıӰૣЩҲǴҴҵ˳ȥ
˶ȻҪȥѧԱϰӦһܷӳȻǾ˷˷Ƶһˡ
û˭кһֱ߳ԺӣׯҶķȥȴڶķ֮ǰΧȺֵҲȥ
üͷǰȥ
ׯҵڸʲôȻţ
˰ɣ
˵׼пܡ
벻ټһׯңȻˣˡ
ô˵Ǹ紫ǰˣȻׯôأ
ǿЩǴõķֱסˣҲЩЦá
һȷ֮ȷׯңȷˣˣ
꣬ˣ


288 
ׯˣȻеЦҲûа취
ҵꣿ
ûǸʵ
ҲǣٿȥׯҵȷʧƲȣˣȷõѡˣ˵ׯһǺͷԵġ
˧Ҳ֮УȻӣȴܱļҵס
ǣϣң
ǣٴһǿƽһۣ۾Уתȥ
죬ׯҶķҲûţÿΧһͨȻȥ
ΣׯҲֹûˣպ⣬ֻҲһǧɣʮǿţҲ޷ˡ
ƻʱԺڣѧԱǶǶսţϣ˷֮ɫ
ʣ˭Ҫһ
ʮҴ඼ͨûƷ׵ģƷģֻֻڼǿߣʸС
ڣȴһӾóʮƷƷ
е𾪿֪
ѧԱǶͬһ㣬޷ţ֪ǷʱǷ׷Ȼ
ȻУѾܵˣʲô£ϣΧ
ӰԴõ֮;þòԴˣҲǺް취
лү
ķƻѧԱҲͣһмĿŷơ
ǺǣûʲôΪ
΢΢һЦİ˰֡
Ƹ磡
Ůӭе⣬û˿ڸǡ
Ƹ磬Сأ
קŷƵҡҡģһ˫ˮӣõķƵֱǣСٴαˡ
СǳźԺȥֻǣȴվԭء
ôˣ
Ů΢ü䣬Щɻʵ
Ƹ硣
ҧҧ촽ƺЩΪѡ
ɵϣʲô»˵ô
СĵŮСᣬǳ硣
ǵ̬õŮһ㵭糺죬ȻޱߣõķʱǳȥҲ΢΢
Ƹ磡
ĶԴЦŮߣľ룬һǴۡ
ٺ١
ͷò⡣
Ƹ磬㻹бԵô
ԥ˳

ԣüͷһŮЩ̵̻ɫУǻһЦݣȻС
ģ
һһϣĿ
ȥɡ
֣һɭȻĳ˳ûӦŮѾ˹ȥ
ллƸ磡
۾ųǴҴҵԺȥ
ȻǸӰͱȥˡ
Ǻǣ
ЦһҡҡͷǳԼķȥ
ӰĺѾʧˡ
֮ȴǲ㽫ıԵҲ÷һ˵ĵ
˲Ϊ˻ŶţûϣǱܣ
ҲӰĹͣ·ľҲһ·ǣ·ȴҵϣ
ڵľٶɾڸӰһϢѾԭˡ
ʱѾˣЩ죬ó侧Ůóһǧ軪䡣
Ҳѽܣһ뵽ֳҲֺǺǵĽ
û꣬ĸǣ
ʣµʱ䣬Ůʱ䣬ƶǻ侧ϡ
Ѿﵽ۷壬ԣʻܲˣڻ˴ǧ侧ʱ۷ż
ݻҲְֻܼӲŻĵ
ӭȣ
ʳ֮ڣ⼸ѾˮйͨȫǸظڡ
ʮŵһεʢᣬȷǲɶá

ڴϵķƲ۾ͫڣ滺ȴȥ
ȿʼˡ
洫֮һǣ˴齣ϴˢһһɾ˳ȥ
Ƹ磡
ǳţŮӭ
Ǻǣɵ㡣
ŮϵĽɫЦһҪԼô
Ůľǲ͡
Ѿ۷ˣӵбԣƣټӵƷǾҲܶһ
Ҳӵʸ㣬ǷҲûԤ⵽
Ů̫ˣʣȻܴﵽ˸Ʒ̶ȣ㣬δġ
Ǻ¡
룬ԭ֮ʱԪ̶ȻģǵʦԵ޹ʵģͽƷŴʦƷڣǴﵽ쾧һ̶ȡ
ʣʵ£һֱȥֻ»᲻ˡ
Ҳһʰɡ
ԪĴȣֱӾӰ쵽һ֮ĳɾͣ׵ٶȣʵ¡
ԴˣƱеɻǵȵķ֮ѯʡ
˼ʶ㣬Ҳ֪ʵĴҲ˵ء


289 кβ
ڻһ£ѧԱǣǼǣ־һʮһˣŴȻ᳡ȥ
һ·ϣרŵͨȻҪ뼷ȥǻһѶȡ
ǰһ͵ıԳһǣ
Ѱʱ䣬ǻʳǵľڣȴȵĻ᳡
Ǹ߸ߵĿ̨ڶߣһϯ̨߸ߴϯ̨ϣ׾ٵĸȫÿһ䡣
ڳмλãǾһ̨ԼҲǧ֮гʮţ׳ۡ
ʱ򣬳ѾǼˣ̨վҲֻվһȣӵҲǡ
һ˴ͨ뵽˳ڣʱ㱻ⳡ𾪵ˡ
ǰ˺˵ϰ򣬼ʮǾеġ
˳棬õǲЩ飬ɫиЩ̻̲
ֹǣӵҲࡣ
Ͼĳ棬ǶǵһţҲġ
ȻҲ⣬Ӱɫûʲô仯

΢΢üһǳһضȥ
պʮһλã಻٣֮󣬷ǿʼŮиŬ£ŮɵЦ˳
ϣⲻĻô
һΪϷʵ˲ǳȥ
˶΢üͷȥһߣһʮ곯˹
ɨһ۷ƵˣߵĿֻӰ΢΢ͣϵЦ⣬ŨˣδҲ̫˰ɣʮʱ䣬ɼȷһֱ·
ĻʱѧԱǵĳӡ
ⲻҲô
ưοŮС֣ɨһʮ꣬ǳһζĻȡ
ûձϵľʮ֮ڣĸѾڣңһѾһ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ʵѾǲˣңûзĴڣʵǵ̫ࡣ
ߣ
ûжŭЦһϹҲòȥ
ߣΪΪڹһλλҲѧԺԺҪ࣬ΪеƷǣڵĻ˵ԣҲûɫ
ǣ
һ㶣û뵽֮ǰԼѹȵĶ󣬾ȻҶԼ䳰ȷһɫһòȥҲ˵ĳڣ
ǲ֪ν
ѧԱҲ¶ĵĿ⡣
ϾȣʵϣĿǰ壬˶ܿóҪߵĶࡣ
ѾԼ޷޵һ˦䣬ǵԱߵĲԶϯλ¡
ٱߵ඼һЩìܣҲܺƽദԣҲ֮С

޷ȥһǣƺǳ졣
ѹô꣬ڰͷˣ
ѧԱҲͬΪĹǣƣ
ţһᴴ漣ģ
ʱ磬գһƴȫǻɢȥţʳҵ˱˸̨
мӣԼΪʮңһѾͻڵĴڡ
ǺʳĻ
ݼʣ
ƴͬκˣ졣
λ񣡡
ۺȫվ˫΢΢ѹѹ
ȣʮһȣܿյʢҺ⡣
˵ţȫš
ԣҾÿƷ׵ÿʳټһɣ
лʣ
˶ǴϲɼһԴǲ١
˵һѵ滰õЩŮǸǼǣѪڣ޲̨ɱϼŰݡ
һǧʮȣʽʼ
һ䣬ʱȫǷˡ
⻹ǵһ׶ΣҲƷ֮
Ʒ׵һԼ̨ʮס̨㱣ƷҪƷĻǾҪȥսԼƷ
һʱ䣬ȫ˱Ƕ
Ϲ
ŴȺ꣬ڵĳ˹վڻǰЦսô
кβң
һЦӯӯվ˿
㣡
һ㶣Щ㵵Ŀ
ԭҲǴһѣȴû뵽ȻôɴĴӦ
ܺã
ǳ˳飬ϳһĨЦƷѣûǸʸսңٺ٣ʸɡ


290 ս
ĻȻȴʵϾ֮䣬ƷףҲ˵ҪʤһƷʸȥս
ĳߺ󣬻ϵɫһ¡
ɨǰʮŮŵղǸϼһĻҲˡ
ѧԱɫôãϾҲʢͬĳбһܵŭ
ѧԺڣǸţĸǾԵģԼİǣ˱裬ôҲʲȥ
Ҫۣ
˵Ҫ벻裬Ǿͱǿƣ
Ǹһ߿־죬ûǰĻ̻̲ǲźۼҪһô
룡
ѧԱͬ
Ǹ߰ģ˴˰ƣһỹȥΪƴͷѪҲϧ
ܺã
ɫֵڣеƷԣҪսһƷһȥս
ʵ޷ӱܡ
ȥѡţ
˵գǳųѡŴȥ
ûָĸô漴ѡţѡĸĸ
°ɡ
΢΢һЦŮٴȥ
Ȼĸڣǣȫûн֮ĿвЩ
˰ʱң˻
һʮ̨Խ
óһǩһ飬Ǵ˳һʮ̨ȥ
ԷƷʵȻ
Էʮ˵ʵڣ۷壬һнףȷҪǸһ
ǩԷеʱǸһ۷Ƶˣ¶һĨЦЦ
ȷҪսǣ
ΪȻϾǵʵҪߡ
Ȼ
̬ȲãҲ֮Уû˵ͷȷ

ǱһΪ׳˶ӣվ
š
ߵ˵ͷԾ̨֮ϣԪһ磬ɭȻҫۣȵ˭
ΪԣһʵҲһླ硣

ѧԱǸһԾȥ
ǳӰһھѧԱΪ¬ԪңҲѾѡΪԺĳϡ
˶һ࣬ҽߣԶԻԣ󣬶ĸ൱£¬ԪóǱƷĳӮ֡
ɵĺã
ѧԺȻǻһƬҲ֪¬ԪôɵӮһ䣬ռ˴ˡ
š
Ҳźӣϵĵͷ۾гһ졣
ţ¬ԪӮһ䣬ԽѾ̭ѧԱ
Ʒ㵽Ͷʵ𣡡
Ǹһ࣬ԥǳһƷݸѧԱ
һ򶷣¬ԪǰԵЩͷɥ
ƾƷһɱֵģ첻ԸҲû취
ɵĲ
ļ򣬷óһ侧ݵУúûָ»ӲսҪ򡣡
лү
¬ԪһҲû侧ǿʼ
ׯҶķ¼֪ϵ侧Բȱ
ҲǹЩѧԱõӰǸ֮󣬱ɳһѧԱȥַ
ǲ֮˰ɣ
ķѧԱÿһѧԱ߿Ц
Ǻǡ
ЦЦ÷
ƵȷɱˣⶼˣҲˡ
ȥɡ
ƣƸһǹ
һϵ̨ϣտʼе̳սһʱȶҲûзʲôͽ䡣
ӮˣӮĺɡ
Ҳԩȫݣֻиߵĵ
Խʵȥ̨ƷҲпܵġ
Ӯ֮ڼ֤ٵļ֤£ǽƺŸΪƷԽΪƷ
ˣ
ս֮󣬻ɫһ䣬һȺ˱ǳ̨ȥ
ŴһƷڵ⣬ǼһȺɷڵ˳˹£ϵĵȴ
ôӵʸˣ
ⳡ棬Ҳ֪϶սˣһЦм
ʵǰţ̨ǲ侧ָģĶԶ֪Ҳˡ
սɡ
Ҳûϻֱӽľǩ׸
ܺã
һһۣתһʮӷԸȥһô
Ȼ
ǸһͦΪĿɨѧԺʮˣϾǲм
Ѿһ۷壬ھϣѾԶ˷ѧԺˡ


291 һ
һҪȫ˻õķѧԺ˻ðɡ
Ǻǡ
һޱ嵭Ц˱һǰ
ʮߣҲ㣬ۡ
һɨǷ֣нףʱһȺ˷׷ͶԲмɫ෴ģѧԺ˼ȥƽǴϧĿ⿴Ǹӡ
ùͷĺҲǵͷˡ
Цʲô
Ǹɫһգʡ
֪ʲôˣЦô
һЦ鿴嵭ʵ
Բˣ
ӰףǲмĿ
Ͼнף֮Ĳ࣬Ǿ̫Զˣһǰǣǰģɲһͨ顣

ЦҡҡͷЦˣ֪ˣԼ֪Ȥ㲻ÿЦô
ô
۾ΣյĿŷƣһޣ֪ҲܱһֻƵ
˭ޣ⻹˵ء
һаȵĻȣζʮ㡣
ˣ
һתʵԭʮ꣬ƤˣţǲƤӮ˵İɣ
ζʮ㣬ȴ˿ûзŭ֮ɫǴһζ
֤ʵһ֪֪Ȥˡ
һ뵽˸̿ѡ
Сǰģĺܲң
ԸǣƤӾ͹ˡ
䲻Ļһ䣬Ǳͨ죬Ļ
ϲ˵ˣԽǷŭǾԽоǣ൱ڷˡ
ԣʱҪⳡ棬ӣõѡ
ৣ
ڳһ£һԾ̨һ죬һƷǹУһڣΧ¶ȱֱһۿɼ
ʵȷҲͦġ
˭
õͬһսһ㣬һȣҲʮ㡣
һٶʱһк֮
ǣ
ǣҲżĳ̨ȥ߽ˣһֵ棬Ծȥ
Ƹͣ
үɷ
ҲźõЩ㵡
һн׵ˣֵĴô
֪ν
ߣȻǿƤӳԷġ
һߣǲмĹ˻һۡ
ϴһĨЦЦһۣû˵ʲôֻ¶һĨϧ֮ɫ
ɱ˰
ô
ǷƣӺΪŭһɻڳ𣬻Ʊˣ̨ҲоΪȡ
㡣
һЦǣǣǾãԸһ˾͹ˣ
˻ֱǷ˻ȥһЦ
ȷǹˣȫȥҲˡ
ģ
ҧ죬һһĺѿģ
ȶ֮УԷ䣬ԮҲġ
Ȼһ䣬һͲٶ֡
ô
ϵЦ⻺ڣԪĶ뵽֮ڣζ
ȥ
һۣӿеĳǹͬһĻŷֱɶ
棬۾һ죬޷桯֡
̣
ն
뼫µײһ

һдͬܲ񷣬һɫֱӻƬ˱ŷ
꣡
ͬ𣬽ţֱɢȥ
ȭ
۶û˿ԥӴ㵵Ŀ£Ѿۺõıؾֱ籡ӡؿ֮ϡ
أ
꣡
ͬ˳ֱĻؿڣ˲ʱӵűǰȥѵӵֱӱƷ˳ȥ
УڵѪֱ̨棬̨ȥ
֮ǰڻɻ
ΪԼأ
ֻһ棬Ѿһ۷ǰˣܵĺԩܵı
˿ٵĽ֣õϵɫȫҲ㵣֪롣
ĵһţһ棬Ͱһн׵Уܽܵˣ
Ƹ磬ð
ŮкţڣǰĽ֮⡣
Լɾ
Ȼ
ѧԺҲΪֶһ
ǿҲ̫˰ɣ
ӰھǸӣ֪ǿˣȻھϻǵԼʵȴѾԶԶĳԼ
ǣ
΢˿ũҩҩתǹֱɢһˬſڿȣһ


292 
һ
ƣҲۣõɫࡣ

һ⣬ӿݵӣһ飬ŭһͬһͷޣֻԾ𣬾Ӹ£һ˫ȭͷâ˸ͬһɽһ㣬ŷѹ˹ȥ
ǣ
۾һУϣ΢΢
ƣԪУ
ƣһǳɡ
ȭ
ƣ
ӾӸ£ɽͬͻ˶ɣӰݺݵײһ
أ
һ죬һɾŷһۿɼɫһ䡣
ΪоԪУЯűԵɭԵıŰֽȻͬܣȻϵһܲ⡣
ңҲͬѰһһͬĳһһǿһƺߣε˿ȥ
ǣôܾôɵȥ
򣡡
ֱʹ˻Ĺؼ
ʮһʹӱǾһأαЩʹˡ
룬˲ضʮǸо൱ĲܣһǣӭľһԪ˸ȭͷ
أ
һ죬ͬһһ㣬ֱӱ̨Ѫòңڵϣ˼ȦҲֱǻ˹ȥ
һ
Ȼվ̨֮ϣ죬ٴ쳹
ôܣ
˲ġ
һˣпΪежܣڶԺ䣬ǿԣʵԺ䣬ǣΪһȻǰˣ
ĸڣڼʱڣһ룬⣬õĳҲԽܡ
ѵǸԪǸƷ
Ҳ͵ɣֻôˡ
Ƹģ
ɵƯ
һƬϲ߷ܴ
Ƥӣȷá
ϲ⣬üͷһʮ깦򰡣ȻƤˡ
һõĳɫࡣ
һ˦Ĺˡ
ȻŭȴҲﷴֻҧŶ̡
ȥСһ㣬ԪӦòͨԪ
һһھľӽ
ǣ
Լͬ飬ǱһݵҲЩ̻̣ԥһҧȥ
Ϊߣһ̨ǹĶԪԪ뿪Ԫȫ˳
ǣ
һɫЩ۹ֱ֮ϣ͹ԣƺڳܴܺѹ

ϢһҲûһ죬޷桯Уһɰƣ۶
ҲЩ鶯ˮϵĵ䡣
ʹ۵Ļʹþն˵ǺѹģңҲȫ
һѵҲ˿񻯾
ľݵƶüͷҲ΢΢һ
˵ĻնƺҲһˡ
Ҳǳ¡
֣ǽ޷桯һѪĻȣڣһƬ⣬һɱϢŷ˳
ۣ
˾ֱ֮࣬Ӿ˾˵ı仯

ڵһʱֱӱ˺ˣֱ۾һ㣬͵˴һĴ׳
˸
һƬƬƬڶĴĿ£ֱ˳յ£ɫһֻһеӾ
ʲô
ֹˣǷѧԺˣŮҲĿɿڴ
⣬ǷƵһǰ¶ۣ
ۣ֮һȭ飬ըԵʣĻӶ䣬ΧĿռ䶼Ƿһװܲסһ㡣
ţѵǹ
ϯ˺ܿ͹עߣϾ̫ˣ˲עⶼѡ
ף
ϯ̨ϣϵɨǧദ̨ĵЩ˯ĿٴɨһԵ̨ͣĿУ״ηȵĺţĿҲƲˡ
ٺ٣
ʹ֮󣬷˵ϢͱˣһۿɼıϢаȵЦͬһͷһĴڡ
أ
һŶڵϣ̨ޱȼӲʯֱӾͳһѵĺۼαȻͻȭͷֱӳžݵ˹ȥ
ⲻӣǶ۵Σ
룬ڶӵ쾧ܵĳҲǴδֱϳԿǰԵڣôܿأ
֮ѵأƣ
ȭ
ʹԼ߽似ȫܱȭͷǸȭͷӭȥ


293 
ȵĻ᳡֮УڣһƬȻľȺ֮вʱľͱһ󾪺֮
ǵľۻᣬվģȫǸĶ֮ˡ
ڣѾûһŵ̨ˣЩӽǣĻȡ
ǵĿⲻϵɨӳʱһ̨ϵı仯õҲƲߡ
һ꣬ڱŨ˵Ŀ⣬Ǽֻ˺ɫƬֱ֮ϡ
ţѵǹ
һõȫ󲿷ֵĿⶼ˹ȥ

ľվ̨ϵĳ΢΢һ㶣˳˵߿˹ȥ
أ
̨ʧĺǾԵıߵģĶϣһȭǽ֮ɡ
꣡
һһ˺ɣϲһŭأһŶأͬһͷһݺݵĳ˹ȥ
ʵһһǿߣǸ޷⣬ֱӱһȭͺȥѪҲֱӻ˹ȥ
ףΪԭ൱ˣһӾ˴ҩһ㣬׳ǰԼеһƬСۣһƬ˻ܽԼС
˭
ϰʮ㣬ſڿȣʱķûٸȥ
ٺ٣
㳡棬һЦĿٴͶǸ
СӣѾֱֻˣ
ǣһ־ʮĻȣૣϣھ㡣
֪Ǹ꣬Щʸ

أ
һһСȭͷҵײһ
꣡
һдѪէ֣˱ܿǸӵȭͷײ֮ʱֱ鿪ѪɽͷӶ˳Ҳ˲Ǳǹɾ˳ȥ
ɳ̨ΧڵϣٴιȥʮԶ;оѾ˹ȥͣ£˱Ѫģֱֻſſĵ
Ȼֱֻ۵Ĺֱֱӱ飬ӣֱֻֻǷˡ
һֻ࣬һȭûжκε似ӮˣɵӮˣӮĺ
˻
Ĵ˿̨ϵǵӰ翴һħһ㡣
̫ǿˣ
ԻһУǶռ䱬Ĵ̶ĺХ֮
գҲΪš
ôǵ츳
ֱվо
Ǵ
޾ص
ľϯ̨ϵĴȫǿ˹ֱֻۣ׷׶̲סһ
ڻʳҲǼʶˣǣΨûм߹
ˣôܳƬ
ңֱֻﻹ˵ֱۣǼֱһ㡣
ѵĳؼ
ĹؼˣΪʳĴУ֪ؼǺĿ¡
ԣһ޷͵飬Ǿͻؼơ
Ƹ
Ůķ㱩ģҲл̻̣ⶶǲ
ֱסˡ
Լĵô
һ뵽Ҫ֮жԣһĵõҲΪ֮
΢΢ȭǾȻ֣Լ۲һ˿һ
̫ˣ
ңһֱţܣ
Ĵ̼̫ˡ
һнװôôǿ
ֱֹۣ⣬ȫûһġ
𣡣
ֱ֮ϣԶͬһɷ
飡
ٻòһȭֱڼӲܱȽĵذϡ
ȻܱȽĵذȭͷ֮£ҲҳһСĿȭͷ˽ȥʯĽΧѿһɲѷ졣
ȫһҲܻٻ̨һȭ֮£ֱӾˣ
һȭ˵ļ䣬𺳵ǵꡣ
˻
һ˫˫۾֮ڣǾ֣ڣףΪǸһǿߵֿסһȭ֮ˡ
н׵꣬ĴȻѾﵽ˿ֲϵܣ
ʹø߼似Ļ
䲻ģֱӾʹ˸
Ѱڣأ
ĳɳһֻȭһء

ٻ˳ȥƱǾе࣬ͫףЩ죬ֱˣɨЩӵǣһаȵĻȣſµ˭Ҫ
⻰һӲԾľͺһ
Цȥභô

ⷬ󣬳̾һһĨʣȴҲ޿κԥã̾ˣ


294 ǵĹע
һ˴һ
飬ڵĳϻձ鷢ģһ˵಻ǺܴĻǾǿ֮ıƴ
ӮһˣǾ͵Ӯȫ֡
ڣû˸ȥ
ˣԵ࣬ҲûѧԱ̧˱ǳųȥ
ֻҪ˻ָӮƷҲǿܵġ
Ӯˣ
һ㣬ѧԱѧԱǣǻȵĿ̨ϵǵӰ
Ȼܵģ
ȻǴ漣
Сӡ
ҲǼ΢΢ֱоþ˵
꣬ٴθһϲ
ڷȭȥ֮Ѿ޷Լˡ
ɵٴθпԼϵܻǸԵ񰡡
жʧ˼ʮ꣬ȴǴһǻƺѾὫ᰹ǰδе۷塣
ЦΪھܰˡ
ӰһɫⶶЩã
޷⣬꾿ΰ쵽ģһӹţʱ䣬Լ֮Ľ죬ٲȻ֣Լ֮Ѿһױϵˡ


һѾ볡˿һ۱ǻĻָƬһƬһƬ˻ȥֱۿʼСգۼ䣬ǻָΪֱۡ
ֱ۵Ļָǹɼ񱩵Ҳ֮ɢ١
ֱˡ
õƿЦҡҡͷһԾ̨º͵Ц⣬Ů˹ȥ
ôʶˣ
ŮĿԼ΢΢ʵ
ºĻŮǾ˹
Ƹ磬ղźŶ
̵̻˵ţڻһݾ¡
ɷ壬ͬһ㣬ȷǺΪˡ
ͬģҲЩ̻̲Ŀ
ɵϣҲװ
֣Ů˳ķ˿ղȣˣǣֻһؼѣġ
һο֮ŮǼ
ԽǿȻֵļ
ʣ˭ϣԼķǸصĺأ
Ĳ
ҲǺΪһЦݣ۾Цгһ졣
ٺ٣
ͷһŵϣȥսߵɡ
ô򵥡
ϷһĨЦڷɻĿ½͵ΪߵһҪǾ֮ڣӵǿ򣬲ȻǲֻһռӶô
Ҳǡ
Ƶ˵ͷʾ⡣
һǳŵǼǴȥ
£еʱΪȫȵ㣬˶Ǹٴγ֡
ǣʧˡ
Ц˭ô۾սǲǴŰô
ԣˣٲȻǳȫеһ顣
Ҳǳڵһˡ

ţǰؼ̫ˡ
Ǹĸģô˹£ˣ
Ϸˡ

Ⱥ֮еţƥٲȻǳȫһ㣬ȻҲкܶ಻Ϊġ
ϾƵľн׶ѣľ磬ٹ죬ǿȥ
ԵԵܣҪһǿǲܳܵˣȻֻẦԼѡ

̨֮ϣҲǶȥֻĿ⻹ǲϵĳţڣȤŨŨ
˼
۾һֱǶǵٵӰ촽
ӣһպسɴ
Եһ׷ȻҲǸͷо֮ɫ
ӣĲ࣬龳ܴﵽ˵زģûһ˸˵Լĵ
ȷǴԵؼ룬һʾϰˡ
ûؼ׵ãҪϰؼҪ˵컯ˡ
ǸǷԼۡ
ҿֱѡʥɽǾأ
϶Цʵ
޳ɣ
û⣡
꣬ЩϹӦòܾ
Ƿ׷׵ͷ
ҾãԼȥȡɡ
ߵһ΢΢ü
ŶΪΣ
ϵЦ⻺ĿЩɻĿǸߡ
Ǻǡ
΢һЦ˸°ϳİ룬͵ȣǾܿļѵλ֪ļô
⡭
Ƿ׷׳Ĭȥ
˵ղŵı־ǸȫʵԼҲţ˵Щһʵǻ¡
ǺǣңܶĻǻܶѡ
ֵᣬţⳡУһ϶ܶڣ
ģԲʮѣǱް
š
Ƿ׷׵ͷ


295 
û˹սѧԺļѧԱ̨Դһ֮ޱȣۺ졣
ƣǳȫԵļʶ
ŮΧңⲻ˵Ըô
һͬһ㣬ͬɡ
ɷˣѾľȻû˿͵ľ򣬾ڳϣŮ˵ЦģǺǷ⣬Ŀܹɱˣ֪Ѿ˶ٴˡ
£Ľ
ûʵӵɫŮӣǾԻһ硣
ߵı
һ̨ǳ߳ɱ˹ԶԶģǼķŮңһ˫ţĿɵԲ
꣡Сӣûô˧ʵôߣôûһأ
޺޵ૣĿҲļԹ
ԶԶģƱǸоһԹԼƽ̧ͷһǼųһԹĳԼ˹ʱӲ΢΢һһĵ
ǳ˳飬ϵЦҲ
Ƹ磬ôˣ
ŷͻأı仯ŮǺ˳Ŀ⣬ǼһԹĳ
Сӣ
վһ֮࣬ͣƲƲ촽ͬԹһеĿ³ʱĵһë
꣡
Ƶٴκݺݵĳ˳飬΢΢ӣ𣿡
ûˣ㡣
ϱ˱죬Թ˷һۡ
꣬СӳĲզģΪҲѣȻӵɫŮ飬õʻհ
Ľʺޣ
ǣ˵УǾͲһˡ
ƴо㤣ŮҲſС죬ޱȴ㵵ĿһԵļѧԱĿɿڴӣţӵûټˡ
ǿôһ֮˹ΪˣЩǣ˭֪ѾһڣȻʯ쾪ĻԹĿõĻҲǴвڣЩɵơ
СӣȥѵȾë

ӳ鴤ҧгݣòײűһ
ѾĿ϶ǹģ
ٺ٣ôС
˲䣬ϱǻֺõЦ⣬ֱӴ˹
꣡
ԥģƱһ˳ȥ
ٺ٣
֮ܿ󣬸һξ룬һЦλãҽгϣĿǰϣ
ס
ֱۣûĿû¾͹Ҫ⵲סҵߣ
ٺ٣ǼԹƣ˭֪
˵ţϱ˱죬Ŀеļֱ¶˳
ߣ
һŮҲЩ⡣

۾ƤһѵǸߵƷ
ߵƷܹҲŶʮ֮֮Ǽǵõġ
ʵߵûһʡ͵ĵƣʵǿޱȣ֮Ʒױ䶯ҲǳԸŵĲ֮ϡ
Ǻǣû
𾪵Ŀ⣬Ϻǵͷֵȴ˵һ㡣
Ŷ
һ㶡
ǺǣڸղţѾƷˣ
˵ţǸģƺȫĹһ㡣
ȷĹ͡
ѾƷˣ
˷ƣ˶ǲɵĵһ
ߵƷʳ֮ڲŴʮĴڣҪӵģͬʱҲİĿꡣ
ٺ٣
ϸǵˣʵСӣô⣬ȥսЩһﰡʵǼңӦûļĶ֣ٺ٣ʱҲǸߵƷô
⡭
ҡͷЦ
᰹ûҲ޿κΡ
ʱ򣬻ȴû˵˸ƺʲôѵľΪ⣬ϵܡ
ԷƱֳʵսߵƷҲпܻʤġ
ֻпܶѣ
Ϊߵѡ֣Ǿϣһ˵ޣսʮˣǳ̫࣬ȻҲ
ֻǸߵƷôðȻĴ˸ߵȣǽ˼⡣
һ֮⣬ȷǻ
ǣһϯģҡˣ
ܽΪߵƷôǸܱ㲻ʲôˣңֻһΣˣôȵչʱҪǧпܡ

˿վתƣʵϢô
ţ
һ㶣Ȼ
ϢˣǾͿʼսɣ
һ飬ڷЩ㵵Ŀ£ʵսֻһȥˣô
Ȼ
ƺ࣬һЦ⣬˵ͷ
Ҳӵǧ꣬һƺҲ֮УֻǣԸⱩ¶ѡ


296 Ů
ôģһѩŮӾͳڳϵڡ
Եô¼ţϣǳ겻ı˪ûʲôž˵
ϴˣϵɫȴĿֱֱĿǵֹ¼ŵӰþòܻ
ιôˣ
Сһɵģ΢΢һ㶣
ţô
ƽеıˣڻˣһãȻĿŷơ
꣡
Щ˳ĿһۣǼӰһվһ࣬عͷɫЩŹ֡
ġ
ֺǺǵһЦ͵֪̹ܲѡѡҪս
ڸߵҲ˽⵽ʵΣǣϾͲͬˣͬΪߵĿ϶Ƚ˽⡣
ٺ٣
ϺٺһЦû⣬ߣҴȥѡ
ˣǾˣ
ȻһЦĿ¶⡣
ĸࡣ
ܴߵƷٹһ꣬Ҳ߱ڣ˷ô⣬ܶøߵƷĻ㾡һҲֵõġ
£ֻܱʮ꣡
ǲֹϵģһҫ
ʣ˭֪Ĵڣ
ǣΪ˸ߵƷôʳٱߵļʳǶ֪ôĴڡ
ȻΪ˸ߵ֮û㹻ʵƱػܵƣԣҪһǿѣ
ǰĳϣǰֳɵô
ΪһߵƷʵԲȸߵƷȥ
ǣڳϵĴ£һ˱ǳŸߵ̨ȥ
һٶԾҪȥսߵˣʱһЩڹע˱˾һ۾ɵԲǴĳһһ㡣
ס
̨ϣĿٴɨǸϤλõʱȴûˣһѰſһ˵ټ
ȻҪȥսߵй
۾ͷźһʼһԸȥǸȫŪ

Ǹʼһ΢΢Ȼת첽ȥ
츳ǽߵҲûʲô⡣
һзĿ
˵ߵʲôزϾȥ˸ߵǾֻһ֧ˡ
˵ˣǽߵƷҲᱻܰɣ
ҲһСӻоδʱƷҲ޿ܰ
Ƿ׷ײ²ţעǷ˷Ƶϡ
Ƕ뿴꣬ܵʲô̶ȡ
һᣬǸʼһǼҴҵ˹վͣ
ˣ
ӹеӣǿʱеĴҲǿ
еƷ
ſһУֱӾڣǲ˼֮ɫ
ʲô
еƷôܣ
Ҳ׷״㵳
ȥ
ЩɨǽӵݸԱߵһߡ

ޣҲдΪеƷڸղţŽеƷڣսߵƷ
ҪϸϣʱŪ
ͷǸԸ
ǣ
Ӧһʧ

һ·ϣǻָƤЦҪͷ׽
𣿡
ĽԼһߣһ˦䣬ƿ
ٺ٣
ڳϵϣƵһοɫ
ֻڨڨһЦ˱ЩŤŤģõķƶ񺮲ѡ
˵ˣ
ԭƤȳǽˣȴôŤ󣬷ƲɵĹŹֵĿҪߡ
𰡣
æסٴڨڨЦЦͷǳǽƤϾȻһ糺õķֱɫҲԽǺɡ
ѾģҪ˵°ɣ
硭
һۣǵӰϵĹŹɫŨࡣ
ºЦȴû¶Ѿԥִߴٵ˷ҵʱ䣬Ҷڵء
ٺ٣ģе£Ҫ㡣
ϺٺһЦչǵʵǸʲô֣
ĸ
ƹûȴЦЩˡ
Ǹ
һɫͨ죬ʹĳӰŬ죬ɵ˹æתģõķֱӹЦ
ѾģҲн찡
۹⻹صģӰ˳Ͳ˵ˣֻ̫ˣԸҲȽʲôϲڶ֡
һȣ˵Ըǡǡ෴
һԣպǾеˡ
ӰĿǰ
չͷȥԴһЦ
Ҳ뿴ŮϣǸǺεȵľ
ӦûǼΪʡ


297 Ϊǹ
ڳϵİ£ѡһΪϷ⡯ĸߵƷǩϵ̨룬һ˱̨ǰ
꣡
ɨһۣǰȺˣƵǺݺݵĳ˳顣
Ѿĸڱ
Ķ飿
Ȼ֪徳ΣǣǰˣԾҪһԵļҪǿĶࡣ
ٺ٣
ϹһĨЦǻһΪõɫ˵ûϷʵƷ֮Ҳǰ壬ǣƷһȣƨԣΪã͵
˵һһ׵ģʵҲƷʹһЩƳѡ
ҲΪϷƣʵûװ
ߣ
ƺ޺޵ĹһۣŮǵԼ΢һЦģ㻹ѲǺƸ硣
ţ
Ů˿ĳŵ
Ҫս
ӹǩǸ߻Ϊ졣
Ͼʱ̫ԶȻ˵ôһĴڣȴ֪ѾԼǰ
ڣһɨˣɫŨֻǣɨϵʱ򣬱ͣ
صĺڷţѾߵˡ
ٺ٣ģֵֻģ
㵵ɫЦŽ͵
ߵҲǳ˺ܶࡣ
һԵ޹ʵߵһп϶Լ֪ԭڡ
ʼҲԸ˷ʱ䣬ǰ̨
нף
һ㶣ȴΧϯȴǴһЩüͷ΢΢һһһӷԸȥǵòҪС
ף
ӦһֻŵֵأԾڷǰ
ʼɣ
ҲѾ¶ΪβԼһЩأ
һۣ˾˵ı仯
ޱ𺳵һĻٴݣֹǹϯϵĿ⣬ߵˣȫǿ˹
ͬһֱִۣ׳˶˸ŻƬһױȵ
һ֣˵ƾͱˡ
ͬһͷĹһ㣬ɷ磬ɫޱȡ
ৣ
Ӿ㵵Ŀ£һ£α𣬻۱ǳǸ˹ȥ
ҲǸߵžӢķжһںɫԪϱŷһŷײ˹ȥ
أ
Ǻԥģ̧֣Ʊֱںͷ֮ϣһ죬ͷ­ֱӱҵķ飬ҲΪ֮ɢ
ƣ
ɢһ˳Ѿ˹
Եģӷ˷۵Ĺ죬ҶԿŲȡ˴ʩ
⣬ڳϣͽĥ
ܸоǹԼܿܵģԣĿľķƵ⣬ǳõս
ԭǸ
̨׷ˣߵૣӵı֣΢΢ͷ
ˣϾǲôÿ
ǵϿ壬ôսˡ
üͷҲǽ¶ǵɫ
սߵɾڸ棬ڲһλ
¶ܣ޹ǾЩòʧˣ˿ӣǽ᰹֮֡
ٺ١
ֻгһǵĿЦ
ϣ
㿪Ц
ǸϵĿģ
뵱ԼȫԺ伸ʱǶûһ㣬ϣ𲻵ʲôá
޾
Ǹ̥
Ǹ
Ӱվһԣ۾΢΢һ˹ȥӰע⵽Լɫһ죬Ҳˣ£˵
Ӱֻһۣû˵ǲͷ̨ϡ
ٺ١
ɵЦͷѩŮӸԼֹ۵ȴûɥֱӵİɣǸһϲģ
Ļʱ˵ע⡣
ô֪ģ
Ŵ۾ɵĿ
Ǻǣ
صһЦһɫΪǸһǸĹ
˼
ȷ漣꣬ȷǲ˼뷶ΧȥȻǻԴġ
ٺʲˡ
ûĿֻ֣Ǹ˶ѡ
΢΢۾Ѿע⵽Ƹûжȫû棬ѣ
̹Ӻ˽
ϵĵҲɢȥЦʵ
Ȼ
һ죬һҵľУ
Ŷ
ôһ˵˲Ĺע
ɲ⣡
ǻҲãǰӣ̺һвĵԼ
쾧
һ쾧ڶǿߣ
˾Ŀ⣬ϸǵ
ǣûãǽ׻̨֮ϣĳڨЦҪڨȴǲ֪οڡ


298 Ǹ
᳡֮ڣͬХһ㣬ϯʳǣÿһ䡣
ʱ᳡֮ڣĿⶼͬһĿһ
һֻ
ôһֱֻۣ̼ͨлƣЩͬһƬһһϣںһ㡣
ɫޱȣͬһͷĹһ㣬˶ɣһϵ𺳡
أ
һӰһͷͻһ㱩ӶǰǸӣһ죬ֱӱƷ˳ȥ̨Ѫ
ѾǵھŸˣ
ǵģûбϿ壡
Ѿǵھˣ绢쳤Х꣬ǳ˳飬¶һĨЦ
ˡ
Ĺ£ҲʧӣһӷԸȥУӲֱ伴ɡ
ף
ӵ˵ͷصĺ˿Ծ̨֣һ׵ƷС
û˿ԥģΪԪȫ籡˳׵ɫޱɭõͬһһ㣬һ޼᲻ݵӾ
һжʤ
ӵ䣬һ˫ڣҲǰâͨĳâ
ٺ٣⣡
һǣѪ˿ͫڣ籡
꣡
ȭͷսһ󡮿֨죬ΧĿռ䣬ȭͷҲһЩŵƿ֮
ƣУ
һǳɣ
ն
ȭ
һҫ۵İâӵеĳϱŷͬһ񽣣Ҳնһ㣬ŷƣͷն䡣
ƽһ壬û˿ԥȭͷӭȥ
ֱֻۣӲԣһҲģ

Ƭȭͷ뽣ײһ𣬻𻨱ųͬײţһɾǴоϯ
񽣵Ӱȭͷ֮ϣֱ۶ϣɭԪĴ䣬˵Ǳӡ
ȭͷסƷ
һĻӡ˵֮ϡ
̫ˣ
Ƕֻ۵Ψһõľ̾ʡ
ǣ
ͬҰһ㣬Ѫ˿ٴοһŷֱӽȭϵĳ˳ȥ
䣡
ٴϵʱӵֱӴ˹
ȻŲȴΪƽ
Ӯˣһʮٴλʤ
ʮڣླ磬Ȼһн׵ˣ
ҪѰ˭ţ
ǣڼʮ֮£ԭеȴˡ
һ֮󣬳ϵ֮Ȼƽһ˫˫۾̨ϵǵӰǾ̾
СӣǱް
̨ϵĴҲ׷׾̾
ôֱֻۣˣ
Ʒ涼һ׺ֵۣ˵ֱֻۼĲ
ڵĻȷЩˡ
ûֻڣЩȷܶһˡ
Ǻǣֻѣٸʱ䣬ҿЩûĶ֡
Ҿãе
ڣôȵĿ׿϶ǣڣǾͲһˡ
˼Ǹ
Ǻǣлô
Ҳǣ
ڴεȣǧѵһ
۷׷ףƺһжǵ֮С
ٺ٣ϣǾʹȥҴͷġ
ϺٺһЦ۾ϴŻЦǲ⡣
ߣ
ưһۣЩûĺһ
Ƹð
ŮӭƲ¶Ц
⣬ҵ̬ɷˡ
ι˵㣬˰ɣô˿ء
͵͵һǵӰϿоζ
ѾľͲһЩ
Ƹûأֱӻһ˲ǳһ̨ȥ
ӵսǩǸļˡ
ղŷƵıǿǿĺףĹԼԿˣϣǲԼŰô
ԡ
һֱһԵһ΢ݵվ嵭˵
ŷƵ飬Ϊƽ
վǵɫԺһЩ
ȻݵѾǵǿսˡ
ٺ٣Сʵ㲻óʵֻǲĶ֡
΢΢۾Щζĵ
Ŷ
һüͷɨһǸӣüĨɣ
ӵڣо쾧Ĳ
һླ磬ӵ쾧Ķ֣ȷóһЩʵҪӮֻǲˡ
ô
ɫҲǱȽϳأЩǵʵ
Ϸġ
ǣж־
ǰ˶ʲôȥǰ


299 
̣
ͨȭͷȻײһ𣬻Ľһɾ޴ľϯƷ˳ȥ
أ
أƱٴѸٵĳǵͨӰ˹ȥ
أأأ
ͬװ죬̨֮ϲϵ쳹Ĳ
⻹ʮ˶ѣ
ǵʵڶϱҲ׷Ī
Ƶı֣ٴõǰһ
ݵӣǰԪԾѾԪķΧ쾧
Ϊ쾧ѾǷǳ˲õˡ
Ȳ˵쾧ϡٳ̶ȣ˵ǰʹ˶ܳܵģ
ǣƿ쾧ĺôӹɣҲ˵ֻ쾧ߣվ۷崦
ڣҲʹ˱ңƷҲˣϻƣ֮ƽ֡
ܸо쾧ϵȣҪһƷס
У˻ǱȽɵġ
أ
һεײվ̨ߣͣ
ˣ
һƬͨ죬ĻԶĻºЩԶĻ滺
أ
ţһЩϵĻ棬ȻŷΧĿУȵϢһۿɼˣΧ
ԶĻ棬ϳһ֮ߵĻˣͬħ¡
ӵʵˣ
ԷòȫԸˡ

ˣƺ˿ϵҲ
õƣǲˣ
ţǣԳһĨЦ⡣
ڿǵЦ󣬾ǳҲ䲻Ĵ˸ૣһҪô
ѧԺ˶֪Ҫùˣ
նһеľնʦ֮ʱǾѾˣѾ龳磬ֻܸӷ
һ˭棿
ǣҲûʹ
Ϊûʹ
ǣ
ݵӣħŴ󲽣ŷƳ˹ϣһڵĽӡ
ٺ٣
΢΢죬΢΢룬ƶȻͬһȥۺݺݵĳŻħؿȥ

˫ͨЩϵڣǱŰִĻֱۣݺݵģŷƵͷ䡣
죬ΧĿռҲȾˣĻӶһۿɼˣǾϯȥõ˲òԪ
ǣ
ѹľ֣΢΢һ䣬µ򣡡
ʮͻأֶ£ΧĿռһЩ΢ı仯һγɣϳ棬ֱӾʹ
ô£
ͻȻأӴʧɫ
ⲻֹϵıأڵѪҺȼյĻ棬ƺҲ
ʱڱĻ棬׸ѹӶˣҲһ֨죬һ˲䣬ϱǲ˺
ҪջԪѾˣҲǸʱ䣡
ȭ
һֱ٣ֱۣӳؿ˹ȥ
أ
ĽȭͷɢƬȭͷֱӡؿ֮ϡ
׶ߵΣֱӱǹɾƷɣڰգϵĻǿʼʧ䣬˷ֲ徿ǻ滹Ѫ
ǣ
û£ƵٴԾĿ£ȭͷٴıõֱӷɳ̨䵽ԶǿȳѪŷƵ񣬱ļľ塣
ȭ
ֻȭѣһӵ쾧ڶǿߣôɴİˣ
ܵĹ죡
û֪һ˲֮УĶΪλͣ¡
ȫҲһƬȻ
Ǽһʲô
۾ûпʲôƲѡ
֪ڸղŵһ˲϶Ƿʲô£ȻӵĹԵ޹ʵıϡ
ѵһؼ
뵽ϲһ
ĹؼܵһǾѾ컯ˣöǾҪÿֲˡ
ˣעҪվ۷崦
ؼĹ죬ɴ⣬ѾķΧ
Ӯˣ
ѧԺҲһ㵡
ԭǻΪƻʹն֪ȴôӮˣֲʵĴ
ף
Ҳ֪Լǵڼξȳˣüͷ΢΢𣬺ɵ૵ղѵʹһؼ
ӵѾ޵ؼ
һзԼۡ
š
ڴнԾͷ
ǹֻؼõڹ͡
ؼ
ʮ£ʳڻĹż֮ڣռؼǲ٣ǣܱϰģȴǼ١
֮У޵ؼģҲ˶ѡ


300 ؼ
Ӯˣ
ղžʲô£
ţỹ˵ڶؼɣ
˻ƿؼ̫˰ɣ
ƥȻҲǸ
˶ݵĳĬٴ
˵硣֮˶жƿؼ
ϢһڣԭµҲ΢΢ЩɫĿǸ̨֮ϡ
һؼۣң㣬ǲǣڶؼòǵˡ
̫죬˭Ҳ֪Ƿʲô¡
δֲ֪ġ
ңҲ֪ؼҲܳõģΪ似һؼҪڵľ
㣬˵Ǿģһ˵ľĿݽߣôӵҲɡ
ԣ򲻵ѣ˭Ҳ׵ʹؼ
ƣͬ
ңҲʲôؼ
ȥܻã
ͨ˲֪ؼĵȴ֪ҲôʹȴصһЦûн͡
ôؼܣȴҪ似ңǿʹؼĻûʸ
Ͼн׶ѣ
ľ磬ⳡϣȷǵ׵Ĵڡ
ˣ
ݵӱô׵ľͺ̨ΨпЦ
л
Ц۾Цгһˡ
Ҳоһ㣬ߵƷô׵ľ͵ˡ
Сӣı仯Ȼ֮󡣡
пһǳŵǼǴȥ
䣡
ɵƯ
ѧԺļѧԱĺš
ڵȴȴٴ漣

һڵһ۱ǻָİڶӣ¹һ졣
ò绨ŮԼ֣΢΢һ䣬żһ֣˱Ծ
ৣ
һӰǰ
ղʲô
ǸݵӣϻŵѪһ˫۾Ķŷơ
̫ܵԩˣ
˵ǰڷȭͷ֮£˵ǱԼĻѹġ

ǣǻͬһʵ⣬Բ·ˡ
ؼ
ƳΪصһЦƹӣǳŮȥ
ؼȻ
ΨпЦ
ؼ֮£Ҳ̫ӡ
ȻҲ̫ͻȻˣȻҲ֮ܵ졣
ιղô£
һĵഫ˹õȻһ
ԼߣԼȻûо˵һ㣬˵ΪԼ֮ϡ
ߣ
֮Ѿ֮һֱӳһȥ
ôڣ
꣬˵ǱԼĻѹģǻЦ

㶣ڨڨһЦܵ˷ȥˡ
˵ղʲô
Ѿģһֱŷƣõʤ
ҪҪҸһ£Լ򣿡
һǰۣвĻֱԶ롣
ߣ
ĺһתŮңõĳϺ
ʱЦݵ˻
Ѿˣ
ʵ
š
˵ͷһˣ
ʤˣʹ¡
һ뵽ǺΪ
ĿǰΪߵƷѾǰ϶ˡ
Ҳû뵽顣
߰ɣ
˿һ˱ǳϯ̨ʮ̨ȥ
ʮ̨ľʮߵƷ
ճϽܣȻڵ
һǸɫҲǲÿرǿųڣǸһࡣ
ӣжԹ
ٺ٣ǽһ¡
һЦǰߣǸߵƷղűܣٶͦģôˣ
˽ܣõɫǺ
ѾžҲġ
ǰҲֻ֪һеѣΪߵһȫΪŷڡ
رڸղţ¶νĵڶؼ֮ʣǼӵ˭
ѾģôǴҪԼѿô
ȷҪսǣ
ǸӣһӣɭȻŻʵ
Увζʮ㡣
žҪϲв
ʲôͷ
û˵ϱֱӽˣպͬ˹ˣΪѵģȥôģ
һ仰ӱҪȴҲ޷


301 
һͬ˹õĻ׵ķеĵǡ
ûȷҪս
»ָ˴ݣȻһĨЦݣǣȴҲǳĮ
սɾѾǵˣǾûбҪڵ
ҪϣͬģҸҪϣ
ôвˣպǳΪ˸ߵƷҲƱػ˳Ц
ңڻһͬˣǾ͸ûеˡ
ߣ
ԴˣҲû˿취һߣӹľǩתһվɫһӷԸƣȥСӦԣ
ţ
ӺƵ˵ͷһԾ̨
˶ףƲϾϿģԣⳡҲǿ֮ľѡ
һ˶Ǵ˾ʱ򣬼ȫĿⶼǿ˹ȻƥѾﵽļ
ģ
ŮͶ԰ο񣬷Ʋą̊́ȥ
ٺ٣ϺܽŰɣ
ȭͷקĻϿ˹ȥ
ǺǣţǼٻ
ЩǿЦЦ
벻ɣڴһսˣ
ϷİɣСӲǷֵܵĶ֡
ϵǺֱܴ˵
Ŷ
˶ɻĿ
ٺ٣Ҷ֣Сӣֵһ˫ȭܽˣ
һ·ƴģƵˣӲƴҲ޷⡣
ôͣ˲˿
ʱѧԱǶǼ
һʱ䣬ʹеƷֱӷ˸ߵƷһ㡣
ߵƷҫͲ˵ˣڻʳõԴǾеļʮϰٱ
Ҳ˵ʮ֮䣬ʮٶȷٵķչ
ȡʮ꣬㹻ˣ

һ̨Ҳû˿Ŀֱ֣ңҲѾ¶ԣҲûڸȥˡ
ᣡ
촽΢³һ
Ż£һ˪Ľӿգۼ䣬̨ͶһΧ¶ҲǼٵ½ȥͬʹڱԭ֮һ㡣
һ΢ι̨ȴǴһɭİ̹ǡ
䣬̨ϣȻƮһССѩ
ԭǱԡ
һζЦ⡣
ԣΪϡԣʵҲˮԵĽ壬ˮ֮ϣңڵҲԣıѾǱǰļˡ
쾧
ǾԵģΪߵƷƣ쾧ҲδӵУ治λá
Ʋ˪ԵܣȴܽܵӣӶһĪ
ǣĶȴǷơ
ԣ˾ֻ˷Ԫѡ
ǣ
ӷƿбһĺͫѪ˿⣬ɷֻƬֱƶ
أ
һŶأȻܵĻ棬ź˹ȥ
ߣ
һһ죬һ˪ǳϣԶȻһңƷ׻͡
Ʒ
ѩ޺ۣ
³һ䣬ͬЯһɽХţŷ˹ȥ
ָѩƮΧ¶ȼٵ½
ٺ٣
˿壬ڱӿȫ溮ֱΪ֮ͬգӿٶȣȭͷӭȥ

ȭͷĿ֮ײһ
أ
ţһɿ񱩵ľбŷ̨ϵǲҲ飬̨ĵ棬Ҳγһĺۼ
ôܣ
˲֪ˣȴ֪ںŵģǿǻʵƷ
ȻƾֱֻۣܶԿƷ
𺳵ױȣŴ󣬾þ˵
ǸҲȻ
ֱֻۣµ֪
ֱֻôļӲ
̨ϵĴȻжϵĳеƷףķƵۻ˿δˡ
Ҫ֪ǿƷһļƷҲ֮ܽնϣ
ǣƵȴǵסˣҲ˵ֱֻۣƷ
йŹ֣ؼô
ûؼʹȥӦò֧ôõʱɣ
ʹֱֻ۵ʱѾһʱˣ
ǻˣһ˫˫ڣɫâ˸һֱǵ̨ϵӰһЩʲô
ؼʲô
ûаüĿüͷʵ
⡭
ûһ˵ĳ
Ҳһؼɡ
Ȼдɻ󣬲ĿǰҲֻһˡ


302 ؾ
̨ϣѾǿӿݣΧĴǱγһĺۼ
ϣո߹ңǣ̨֮ⷽϣȴһֱƮѩңʱʱĻһűںХ˳õĿ̫˲òСĵķ
ҪǱУǸöӰ
ϵļҲȫҵģ̣ǿĵ
أ
籡ϯӰ˳ȥ
飡
һŶڵϣңƲǶ

˽ʱˣ˶ЩϢ

˿Ʊǵũҩ֮ϵ鵤ҩתƣһɨա
ҲͬģĴϢǻ
ȻҲǴһҩ䣬ңƷҲ͡
˶վֱԷϵȴǻ
꣡
һ˪ӺƽӶ̨ٴνһ˪ֻǣӵһ׿ʱ򣬱ֹͣӣƺĳֹǰеĲ
ںƵϣһƶ֮ڣȻƮѩɼ¶ѾǺεȵĺ䡣
еıԳǱһƬӨΪԪӿĲţżγһܽγһ
ѾȫԸˣ
ؾð
һһĵ˳ţû÷Ƹо˿Ĳף෴ģЩȭľˡ
̫
ǰɲˣڣ֮һٲ⡣
ԣƾ̫ˡ
ܲٴεأ
ͻȻðһͷһĨᶨٴδ߶ڵı
һһĵıٴӿԱȭľʽۼ֮ڣֻһؾѡ
󣬷Ʊ־ӽѾ۳ŵؾ
ʼӽһ
΢΢һϲӿ˽ӽٶȣʱǽžں˽ȥ
꣡
һ죬۱ŷһɾΧı˪ķ顣
˪죡
ƻΪֳʲôֶΣһһȭͷСı꣬ǳŷ˹
ô£
Ѿں˽ȥȴйǰˣõķƺΪ⡣
Ϊֱۣۿ϶ᱻֱը顣
ҲΨһֵҵĵطˡ
飡
ۣһı飬ȴǲżȥˡ
Ȼɻ󣬺ҲûͣеĹĻ䣬һڳûͣңơ
һˣܼı֮£ȷֶܼãǣǾͲͬˣƾԽһˡ
Ƹô
˵ˣҲɻ
ǰһֱǴǿ״̬δķع
Ǳ©ıҵĲķƣŮ۲ѡ
Ҳ֪
˵Ŀ⿴ԼͷڨڨЦЦǵܵӰ˫Ҳɻ󣬡СӵڸʲôѵǾ֧
Ҳ԰
ȻⷽĻɣǼֻƬֱɣɻ
ڣӵؼˣô
ؼʹùȣǿɲǺģ
ǻ˵ģ
ȴϣ
ףֻҪˣˣΪ壬һ˾ܰƽȫ
ƣȴһֱ˼ţղΪλںʧܡ
˵Ѿ˽ȥǾǳɹ˰ǣȴôͻأıˣõķƺΪ⡣
ǳĸط
ƿʼ˼ǰ˼һûзκεĲ֮
ǣƱһһĴȭϸеζ
һظһظߡ
һأֻʮ֮ڶأȴҪʮ֮Դ˱֮ʱҪһʮ֮۳ؾ
ѵСˣ
뵽һ࡮顯ţԵЩ
ܳɹǾʹʹó
Ѿˣٷһ룬ǸǺεȵĿֲ
ֻǣȴҪٶʮ֮ɳܵ˵ģ
ǰƶҳԣۣȴûⷽĵǡ
Ʒˣ⼸ٳҲ⡣
¡¡
뵽һһһԪǳţʱ䣬һװֱ֮쳹
ŷҲòԾˣڷƵһ߷Χκα˪ǿ˰벽£ֱӾͱεľķ顣
֪ǰɹ۴ˣҲҵгһҲʼٵ


303 
¡¡¡
ⲻڴףǴ̨ϣǸֱڱŷġ
ͬ죬ľս
һ
ҲȻɫԵЩ͡
ѾԽˣ
˶֪۴ˣǰĲľһˣôӦñˡ
Ҫֱֻ֪ۣǿĴڣ
ؼʲôױģ
˲ˡ
Ԫ嫺һ㣬ƺ޾Ĵڣ϶һؼֵ֧ġ
ؼƷ׵ĸߵͣԪĶ٣
Ȼֻ֪ǳһСѣǣǿǷǳرӰǶԷƿ֪֪ס
һӹŵ갡߽׵ؼǴģ
óĽۣĻԵĺܿ£
һߣҲ㾡ȫˡ
̹ǣѩΧ׷Χ֮ڣһƬʣõҲģ
¡¡
УһɽͷʱɫǲҰ׵ˣų˫Ҳ΢΢Ķš
ȥ
ƺѾȫһӣʮ֮״ͬСɽһıɽһ¡кХųŷѹȥ
Ѿ㾡Ԫ۶ɵˣҪϵĲ࣬ѹƣ
ôһɽǳɫҲ
ϴͻأıԺƲһʱ̨ĿභǻҪһС
˾Ŀע£ɽѹ˻Ƶķơ
ߣ
۾ɽĶ̬΢΢룬ֱϵ죬ǿٵ쳹
ڣһؾ۶ɣ
ؾ
һϲԥͬͻһ˳ȥۣȭͷֱټıɽ
ȻҪӲ
Ǹ̨ϵĴҲסˡ
һѾﵽܣн׵꣬ȻҪѡӲô
û֪ĵǴģʱ۾Ҳգһ£ǴĳʵƬΡ
ȭ
ۺõıؾŷƵһƺ𣬱۳һ㣬ȫı˳ȥ
¡
ͬըһ죬̨֮ϱŷ鿪ʳǣ˶䶼ǱһۣģڸֱѪ
ˣ
ţһɿ񱩵ľбŷ˳ȶܵʱһ죬һ̨ܸͨ𣬽̨ڡ
ǳˣ
أ
Ϯͬһ㣬һͬһ
ţǱǼԵһĻ
ǸȭͷɽĽӴ㣬һѷȭ⴦ɽӶȥɽϱһͬ֩һѷ졣
¡
󣬾ŷɽ˾㵵Ŀ£Ȼը
꣡
һӲޱȵı飬ĳĴֱ̨û˵ذ֮ڣϣϱһɲ͹ۡ
룬ֶѾﵽҵز
ƣֱڵһʱͽԪڶۻӳɲӰס˼ҪĲλ
Ҳޱȡ
ȫ£ʣͷؿڲλλȫһƬѪģм黹ֱӶ˶ƤҲ䴩˼󶴡
Ѫһأҵһˡ
ѾˣһߵĺƣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
⼤ıɲ˵ģ
ʩչȫһ֮ԪѾյһƬļı飬ûʲôֱӱСɸӡ
ƣںƵϣ˼ٸ࣬ͱĸ󶴣ͷ­ҲһƬѪģԿֱѾĲټ
ڱֱֱӶˡ
˻
ͨɢȥ̨ϵĲҿʱõ˵һ
̫ˣ
˾棬˫ûԤġ
ƶ
ӲҺһ̨Ѿǧٿ׵ĺƣ͵һ˫֮
ҵգƣݸһӡ
ӣƵ壬
ԺƵݣټ侪˵츳ΪǼѾǰ϶ˣңҲǽ֮Ϊ̫ӣΪ´
ڣȴˣңúܹܵˣ
Ҫ
۾һƬͨ죬Ѿվķƣɫޱȵеͺһǳŷȥ


304 
һΪѾǰܸǷֿܵģʱľٶɾҪ˷Ƶ
Ƹ磡
Ůˣȫǳ̨˹ȥ
ֻǵٶôȵϺ
ۿҪѪſҾ緢ʱһӰٶ
أ
ȭͷݺݵײһ˫Ǻʮ¶̤һӡ
ֵģǸߣؾ
ؾ
۾ھâ˸ģǺ޲ó˹ؾһ㡣
ؾһƽĿֻǼǲĺƣüͷҲ塣
ƵݣҲǱȽʲôֻҪвʲô˵ڣˣ¼ǾͱȽˡ
Ƹ磬û°ɣ
ʱҲϵ̨˶ʱ
ģû¡
ũҩΣ˶ڿٵĻָţЩѪܵСҲĺ£ʱ򣬷ƵжѾûж谭
ת䣬һ˲֮ڣ˶ǻûӦѾĶɷڳ壬һҪֵĳ档
ʲô
վڸ̨֮ϣſŭȣѹõĺֱһ϶һɺ
һʱŭգȻεˡ
ҲĶŭˡ
ɱˣǲǴҪԼѿô
ңҪɱ֮ţǲ
̫ˣ
ǶǳַȻԺΪǺΪ
֪
Ǻԥģǹȥ
֪ЩҪԼǶָͷѣƱֻ·һ
϶ǲ
ߣ
ȥּû£ŭǻɢȥ
ڷţһȥֱˡ
ǣǵԭ
Ͼ̫ƻƽ⡣
ȡʳɷ
ˣûͷҲǲеģߵʳҲһʺܴĿˡ

ȻʣѾѾǺˡ
Ѿڴȭ߽ŵķƣ͵ĳ鴤Σǻһƺߣߣ
˵ţǲ壬ž˱ǳųڴȥ
ĳѾָĲˣڴȥͽʧѡ
ЩȫڵľӢҲʧˡ

ȥ֮󣬷Ƽ̱
һΣǾƣˣũҩ֮ϵ鵤ҲĵĲ࣬ǣȻ롣
Ƹ磡
ŮæķסϾǵǣڣ
ˣû£ֻĹˡ
Ůķ£̨ڵأһֻһ侧ϵգһֻץһҩǳ͡
һս̨ʹ˷ˣذûһǺõģǿӿݣε߰飬̯Ѫ֤ҵĴ򶷡

ţĹȻҲܿ£
̫˼ˣ
ڣȻñô
Ҳ˵Ǹˣ
˻ҲǣˣҲûˡ
֮ξܽʥɽ
Ⱥ֮ڣ𣬵Ǵп֮
꣬ȷǧҲѵһľҲ֪ǰĳϣҲΪֱֻۣԣҴһѡ
ȻҲʵ
Сӡ
Ҳһ𺳵˹Ůķƣڣһݾȡ
û뵽ƾȻֵܵز
ô
һ߽ҩһ߳ʵ
ٺ٣ûʲô
һ죬ЦҾ֪Сӻҵľеġ
ߣ
ûİһۣͬʱҲΪ𾪡
أѾĵƿ϶ҲʮֵĲ򵥣ȻҲΪеһԱˡ
ѧԺˣŵĿ
ѾǰˣֻǾжô
ٺ٣
ӰǳԼȵĿ⣬ǵˣֻһһɸ֮񣬡ȻСѾֵĺܲˣһǲôһЩ
˻ֱ˼İۡ
˼˼ҷǲʮ꣬ңҲ龳ѣһڶ۷壬ǿһЩǻʲôҫģ
ϣһ˻ֱƸǰƣɫ꣬ʱ޷
һ㣬оܲʵ
֪ᴫʳ
һ漣һĹȣһ漣꣬ԣ˽յ漣
Ҵлл㣡
ǧһм
ǺǣϣӦõġ
Цһûоӹ԰ɫҲƽ
Сӡ
꣬Ҳ˵
ӵĺøУ֮


305 
ȣһ֮ʱĻ
һ췢£ȴ޷
˶Ǽסһ֣
֮ĬĬеƷһ֮ڣ漣һߵƷ֮С
£ҲѵôһΡ
漣Ĵߣһδʮ꣡
Ȼû֪֣ǣֻƬֱۣǳص
죬ܱͬܵıɽ֮ʱоȻһɣܽĴ
أܣ
ֻһֱ֮£ƺѾûʲô赲
һµˣ
Ψһһʵͷεˣ

ҹĻᰱ֮ڡ
ʱһƬҲȫˣЩ׹ϵġ
ҪѾ˱ȻзôڣߵƷͷֱʵˣΪûĸȥӵ
ǲƣԼŰ
ЩĴãȻϲĽӭİҹЩ˲ǻɢȥֻ¹ؾϻڡ
Լӣ϶һ겻ӣؾ
˳ѾߣؾǼһٻӰ
Ѿ˼ˣ
ţؾɫʱЩŹ֡
һѧԺڵʱ򣬶Ź㣬ǿֻۣǵϷһǲݲ£ûûεģ֪öŮΪ֮ġ
ڣȴǿһ顣
Ű
ȿȣ
ĳǳɵӣ˹ŹֵĿ⣬ؾ˼΢ա
ٺ٣
ĳɫһΣͷһĨɫһõĹؾΪԼۡ
ѾĻ죿
ǴյŮߣһ֮ŮǽЦõĳ˲Ҫӵȥ
Ӱȴ䣬ƺѾûʲôӰ쵽ľ㣬õ͵һ۵ĳϱȽʧ
ͬʱҲеĶ־
ͲˣԼѵڻһ飿
ΪеľǿԣߵһӰһɽţһܹڵ
ԴˣҲû˵ʲô
ϾԳϵʣǾԪ˧Ůңôһ˵ֻǺ¡
ԣװûˡ
ˣ˵¡
ؾɫһЩ˵
ţǽƵ˵˳
ʲôƾȻĴ
˽һ
һߵƷĴȻôˣ
Ҳѹ֣ʱôʧ̬
ĺҲеġ
ͬʱҲԡ
ˣ㣬϶ưոݣڣȻҲͬΪߵƷˣĵ̣ҲһеƷᲢ۶ѡ
˵ѣôû˿ķ
ǵĵط
ţƵüͷ
Ҳһɬ벻ޡ
ߵΰ
죬ӵ֮ȵĵ̣ǾûⷽĵˣңϲЦտ
ǣ֮Ĳ࣬Ǿϡ
ɾֻϣ
Ǻǡ
ؾЦһǽеĿ˹ȥŵûôء
Ŷ
ɫһʵ뽲
ٺ١
ϱվЦһŵҹѾˣҪҲҪͬͬ⡣
û
ؾ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
𣬼Ļս޷˽ĶԹһ
Ҳ˵ǣԷĳˣǾԼѡ
ңСӽڴ֮ϴǱҲΪ֮˼ɡ
ǽ˵Сһٽʥɽô϶ǲҶô
š
ؾǵͷ͵ƵȻأǣΪһˣʲôˡ
ͣ˲˿ѹĿڵĴʯǷ
ȵǿУȷ
ֻ鷳еġ
ؾϵЦ⣬ȻܳҲǣǻڰСġ
Ҳǣĵ̣ǲûɣƵĸߵ֧ԮһЩжԵǶɾ޴鷳
㣬Ҳ뵽ˡ
ǣô¿϶ɲжһ֮ȷǺѡ
лˡ
ЦݵĳŹؾ֡
ǺǣҼȻͬ˹ҲȻ
ؾصģǷƵǱţպ󶨻᲻пܻΪʳĴڣ
пܣ


306 Լ
ؾˣһȴǺƤˡ
Ŀģ˶ȷֻǣĳɽȴûֱ˴ǽȥԼķ䣬ʱǸϨƣõĳһû֡
ϷģǳģԼ
վھһƬš
ˣһĴڣ
³ԣǿߣ
һ뵽еֱɢ١
ûʲôܽ飬Ҫ˺Ƥôȴûк³
ҩʦ壬ֻҪ룬Ǹһ֪жٵǿ߻ӵǸʱ򣬾ҪһʳҲǶ͵顣
Ǹ߽ҩʦӰ
˵ʵڵģһѣֻǣһֱû˸ѡ
ǺǣЩһܰô
һһ̹Ȼ
ڼжԵҲ֪֪ףĶ֣ҲҪݡ
⡭
üͷȻ֪ĵǿ򣬵ǣȴȱ˾Եǿߡ
ϣ飬һҪһʱ֪ͨңһ취ģ
̬ȺǳϿҡ
ã
ҲֱӦ
Ͼзôţܴ漣Ҳδһ£
ţҲЩڴˣڴһɳ졣

һҹûзȡ侧Ҫ磬˵ͻڣ۷壬ǿ϶ûʲô⡣
Ҫ似ܣǾֻд֡
һؼĵȽס
ܾѾǵؼƷҪƷû侧ǿ϶ˡ
ԣ¡
ڶǾǾˡ
Ԫʡ㣬ʣ֮أҲһ㡣
ڣյɱﵣ
ģʣǾնȫһնأǣҪԪ֧֣ܡ
ȫһͻѾȫԪ
ԣ򲻵ѣƾԲʹɱﵣãҲ֡
˵˾նڣǴӰȫʱǶȻԪݽߣǸûзˡ
ȭҲѾؾܣԲ߽׵似Χˣؾһĵؼ似Ҳﲻܡ
ǣͬģܵ似ͬҪԪ֧֡
ĿǰԪ˵Ҳͼָζѡ
֮ϣΣǾѾ㹻ˡ
Ǿ͸Ӳ˵ˣ⣬˿ˡ
н׵ʵиʮѣѾ˵ˣڣһǼܽ˻ѹ
ڴ
Ԫһһ鱻ٵգڵԪҲѸٵĳӯ
Ѿ߽׵ٽˣ
ֻҪǾ۷ˣǸʱʵһ
Ըûס
ԣֻܰһһˡ

ڶ죬Ȼû˹ùͷԣǶҪôҪôӵĶһС
ƣȻһŮңǣµϣȴһֱһ侧ţ˷ʱ䡣
ϣ˾ǳˣȥڨȴֲ֪˵ʲôһ磬ʮΡ
˼ұɽڡ
ι
ϵһ˹ķתͷ˵Ǻֵܰɣ
ǰɡ
һŹֵĿǳ˳飬
ȻֵܣֵѣǲӦðæǿ֣
ҧгݵĵͺ
æʲôæ
ƹ⣬ȴѾЦĿŮҲЦ罿õķƲ˽ȥ
㣡
ϲһѪ˳
ȻѾˣ˶ǱһĬûȥͱơ
ˣһ
Թ˷һۣתȥǳ̨ȥ
ٺ٣
ƻ֮ãһգ侧Ů˸ɫǳ̨ȥ
ţ˱̨ϻƴҲʹۣͬţÿζҵײһ
ͬ죬ڶĿ⣬һ飬ǻЩڴЩµҲ۾
ûʱǱ±ϡ
˴ȻңҲΪģǣȴûɱԲᶯõƣĴ򶷣벻û塣
һʱ֮󣬼ûжٹעˡ
ͷţѡ
ʱ䣬ÿ춼ôţڣҲûзʲôţӭȵĵڶ׶Ρ


307 
ȣһ׶Σʵ仯ȴǺܴҲһƷ׵ı䶯ѡ
Ͼ̰
ȻҲ⣬ͻȻߵƷ
ټҲһЩ伮ϼⷽļضѣҲ˵Ƕǵһμ
ڶ׶ΣǾͲͬˡ
˵עĽ㣬ûеڶ׶Σֻⳡ
ʥɽ
ʥء
УʥɽľǾǿߵļеأ߳ģһǳΪǿߡ
ߵģǶۼĴڣ֮ڣǿߣ
ΪʳĺģʥɽԴۺģ似ؼǹǿĻĹؼʥɽǶȱ١
룬Ķ£벻ǿҲˡ
ʥɽǻʳ˵룬ǣҪ룬̫ˣ
ڶ׶Σٻʮ˲μӣΪ²Żǰߣлʥɽϵҫ
֮һжпᡣ

̻Ի͵Ĺ֮ڣ磬ݻ֮
һľǰϸϸķе£üͷ΢΢ƺ˷ĵ顣
ĹĹ
΢£ĿʣƺͿ˻ĹżĴڡ
ĹŻߵĹѨĶ϶ˣǱȻġ
ǣҪǵĶĿǰǼǲˣǣǸ˻ĺ֣ͷշȻʳ֮ûдĹѨ
ף
һۣǾȳ
Ȼ£
ھǴ벻ţһΪƷٵ꣬һֶʯؼʯҵľӢӵܣаʯҵʯ
ôܣ
ļǾͲ˵ˣʯң׹ӵлĹͫļ֮һʯ֮ǿޱȣʯܱȵġ
ǣȴһСӸˣ
õЩԼ۾
ֽ֣ǿ˼飬ջ˿۾ҲƷ٣ѵĸҵӵܳ
ƺΨһĽ͡
ţҳһѹһۣɨһȻķ֣꾹Ȼһߵĺܽң³Դʦׯ԰ڣһƷ
³ԴʦȻϳˣ
ϣȻȻ
³ԵƢˣԼʣҲһ򣬿ڣȻΪˡ
Ǿֻ˵һ㣬˵
֣ңȱ
ɻˣ֪ΪΣܸо͸¶Ź죬ԵĺܲԾģҲ˵
ȴ֪һӵͫȴǴʦ߽׾꣬ڴԼʳ֮ڡ
ӿǼһǸԵģôҲú
Ĺִӿˡ
һʼӿǻƷ٣ĸҵĵӣݣҲʰ
棬Ǿ͸ˣƷһֱ³סһʣҳ鰡
Ψһ֪ģӦþ³Դʦˡ
еۣૡ
ȻǾΣǸĺøС
Ǿ
ΪΣƾ˵³Ϊ켫Ʒһ㣬ǾѾ㹻֤ˡ
ţдελõּ⣬󽻸һ֮ȥ۰ǡ
ʱһŽ׵˽
Ϣˣ
̧ͷһۣǽе¡
ǸȥƵ
½ӵּ⣬ǸȥԵйϢ
ػ䣬ڣҲһƬпɫ
Ҫݣôľֻ漣ݡ
еһУ¶Ѿ¼֮ϡ
˵ţеӵݷǰϣȻ¡
ȲģӱǿԽԽҲһƬп
̫˼ˡ
еӣɵٴ̾һ
һеƷеһСǵļӵܣңǸóӹţ֮漣ǿʱ䣬һͽʦ硣
ʱ䰡
⵽ʲôٶȰ
ǸǾҲˣǣ껨ʮʱͽȴڶ̶ʱ֮ڽ󾳽磬ȷ漣һ㡣
ⲻ룬꣬϶ǵõĪĻԵȻȳɾ͡


308 С
ңٴιʱ䣬ıָǾˡ
ڵѾʵˣ
ʱ䣬Ӵʦ׽нףٶȣȻ죬ǣҲΪеԴѡ
ڸߵôֳ츳ڣǸû̫⡣
һܽһӹűĻԵǾж󣿡
пһǽеӷ¡
Ե֮ؼһ㣬ˣϰˣⲻҲǰ׷ô
ģģģҲûá
ңԽǸ߽׵ĻԵ˵ҪҲԽߣҿ̵ЩŤ
ڵ䣡
һֻһˣ
֣ѵؼ治ӵˣ
һգͬΪӵķҲͲˣͷ
ɼܱ֮ȵġ
ǸӣպҺʳֶһ
α۾ϾһƬ̹
ˣԼʳҲԼʳĸԵ

ȵڶ׶ΣݱĿʼˡ
ڶ׶Σʳδʮ˵ĶԱμӣԹǱǾͺķһʱ䣬ͳܹǧ˲μӱ
ĿҲѹֻҪ֮ˡ
ĹҲȽϼ򵥡
ǽǿĴȣʮȶ֮ڣӮͿԽˡ
ע⣬ҪӮϣ
ΪǿȣǾͱֻʣһˣӮٵģǾֱ̭ʣµǼǧֻӮģôǾͻҪȣֻ֮ʣˡ
ǿ֮ǾǧǿǧǿȣҸǿ
ʮȶӮʮ
ܲпᣬЩǿģ˲ɵĶ֣Ҳֻܱ̭֡
ͬʱҲ֤ˣܴǧǿģǶǾӢоӢˣЩˣڰǿ֮б̭ҲᱻڶĴ
⣬ҲڶμӴȵĿ֮һ
˭֪ʸȥģȻǰǰǱ̾
ԣҪģҪôҪôΪܱȡĳӶøõԴԼ
˵ҲѡŴȡ
֮ǾǰǿǧǿһҪӮʮһǾˣţʮǿ
ʮǿ֮ͬˡ
ʮˣÿ˸սų˶ύսˣӮųǺʵģǿף֮󣬾Ӯųģоǰ˳ġ
ƣһֱѡǰΪֹ

ǧһʮš
ǵԼĺƣǱȽϿǰˡ
ڶһʼȶͨоú붼˳ģһҵԼԵʱ䡣
ֵһʱ仹Ǻܳġ
ģеġ
Ů̵̻ӣưο̫ǿҲûʲôϾǲ龳
š
Ů˵ͷǣȴǲԼͬһĨᶨǸڷ󣬳Žȥ
ΪĴԣǵĺ붼ǱȽϿǰ춼һȶʾ˺ƣһ˱ӿȺ֮˽ȥ
һ̨˶ǺܿľӮˣûϸЦ˻
ǿȶ⻹㲻ǺܼҵģǣһӰǸͬΪڵ¬ԪģǱ̭
Ͼ⣬Ѿͼˡ
ǶӮϣңƷֻҪ̫ûĵ
ڣһµʱ䣬Ůϰٿ侧ѾͻƵһ࣬Ǵ۷壬ȱٵģֻһѡ
ǱߣҲǱ̭һˡ
Ҳǵù峡ȻȫھʵǿǼֵġ
ⶫʱҪʵ֮ڡ
ǧǿȡ
ƣʮȫʤ黹ڣһԣֱֶԼ̨ȥ֡
ƵѾĺܿˡ
Ȼʣ˭˵ԼܱȺƵģ
漣ģŮҲͦ˹ҲڼĶ֣սһӮˡ
Ҳ÷ʶ
ǵʵǰװ׵ġ
ǲϣԼһֱϷƵĺȣȻԷưٰᣬǣҲԼľǿ
ڵڰ˳һڶǿߴ֮Уͻˣ
ֲڷˣ
Ԫٴεõ˽
ȴﵽ˿ֲļƷ磡
Ѿ൱Ʒ쾧ܵˣ
һֻСʹ
ûСƷ쾧⼸ģʮˣ
Ʒ쾧ѾڳܵļˣƷģȻض塣
ͨԪȴǽͬƷ쾧һ㣡
ܿɲ
Ҫ֪ڶѰأ


309 
ӵ˼ƷԪɳ˳ϵһƥСƷԪ֮£񣬾ƾһ㣬ѹһж֡
䣬ʱһЩ˵ע⡣
ϾһֱŷߵˣҲǱȽˡ
֣ΪԵСŮҲƣͬҲԵԪ
˲ˡ
ѵԵԪҪΪˣ
û˵
Ϊڳľ󲿷֣ǶԵģΣԼˡ
ǳһӣֱֱӱ̨ĳ棬бһɻ벻⡣
٣
˵ǣȴֲ
㣬Ǹ̨ϵĴҲΪ⡣
һ룬ƺСŮһʼֵľͺͻ
һˣȻ򵥡
ţһǸƵӰ
ˣûһͨʡ


ĳϲʱûĵһۡ
ûУٺ٣
ͷڨڨһЦֻȴһЩ⡣
ǰεεŮΪɶһ±ôˣ
ûԵԪûгߵ似ƺƾԪܣֱӽѹˡ
㣬õĳɻѣȴֲ˼ʳ
ǣ֪ΪΣãŮȻܹвĵԼ

һֱţžǰǿ֮ȣڶ֣ӰҲ̭ˣȻÿһսĺܿ࣬ǣȴҲŵ˵ṷ̋
ɼ˵ѾǺܲˡ
ǲǺûã
̨ϣĶֱƵ˵ϵʧ䣬Ҳȥ
ǰŮѾԽԼ
ɵϣôûأ
ƽ˽ֻΪС֣ھǳ磬΢ЦŵҵԶġ
˵ţ˹ŮǾµǣһǽŮЦ
Ƹ磡
С˵ı˹ھ˷ܡ
Ӯˡ

ĵĿ
һֱôȥպԼҲ֡
㣬˽˶
պһ
ǿˣ˽ǿ֮УʷδйսһЦ˻һֱûк£
룬λȥǶҫƺѾظĳڵȴԼĹ
յĶ飬Ҳ˴˰ǿ֮ڣĳɼ˵ҲһССͻˣҪԭ򣬻Ϊ˳
ǿ֮УģǻʳˣһУʮǻʳˡ
ڻʳǵԴͱȸҪյĶ࣬ԣǿڸҲ޿ɷǵ

ǿȣһ֣Ʊ˴һǿĶ֡
ˣҲǳ˵֮һİ㣡
󣬸ʮ֮䣬Ѿͻڵĳ֮һ
ѾǶʮˣʵö֪ǻླڣҲ˵ס
ľӦ֮ˡ
һôҲĸѹ
ڵһ׶εʱ򣬰һֻ֣һУڶ࣬Ʒ쾧Ķ֣Ǳ̨⣬ݣֻһ˿Ϣ
⣬ֻ»Ϊ֮ȻֻҪټӰǸ˱
ɼ㣬ԲһöԸĶ֡
̨ϵȫĿⶼǼ˹̨ϵĴҲһ
㡣
΢΢ǣ͸¶ɡ
Ҳ㡣
ԸЩƫ䣬ңɫҲΪȻ
ţӳעĲе·Ҳͬ˳˳ˮǶʮѾླˣ
Ԫȸߵĺô
վ˵㣬ȷǿһˡ
ླ磬ϼƷȵԪֵˣȷ٣ңһĹؼ
ǾͿʼɣ
ƵڣȼܵĶ־

һֱѸٵʱͨһƬӿһƬƬƬ˳
ĺ⣬ԵޱȵĹ죬ͬһͷĹһĴڣϢһִϵϢ
ǣɣ
ֻۣ㲻мƲƲǣҲ̫⣬һһҳ֦ǳ֮ϡ
û֦
Ȼⲻ֦ͨഫ֦ҲǺģΪ֮ʱĶġ
Ȼ⿴ֻһ֦ѣǣļӲȣǶ뼫Ʒ
һ⣬¶˳ʱһǴ֦ƶҡҷŴ׳ˣŷֱ˹ȥ


310 
ƿգΧƺҲһۿɼɫȥҡҷŴ׳ǰǰֱӳ˹ȥ
˼
һǣͺһżһ֣˱ǻһͷ޺ݺݵ˳ȥȭͷֱͷ­
أ
Ƭȭͷݺݵײһһװбŷ˳˱Ǽǵͷ­ֱӱҵķ飬ţǱѿΪޡ
Ķûͣ£֦һӣһŷһȦʮͬʱڶ
ߣ
һ˿ۻһӰݺݵЩͷ­֮ϡ
쳹ŷ̨϶ʱͱһƬӿݣţһɫϴ̨𣬽Щҽʯȫޡ
һ֣սҲݱڴ췭ظ̨ҲΪ֮ѣһСᣬ̨Ǳһʯѡ
һֱ̨µȴŮѧԺˣǺΪŵĿ̨ϵĴ򶷣ʱҲһɵ˹
Спͷˡ
СûûεЦֱӾ˵İۣڨڨЦЦһ˫۾Ҳǽ̨ϵӰɫҲ
÷ȷǷĵһս
ҵĴ򶷣˳ľ˽Ժ٣ӵܣõǸ̾ѡ

ǳĴڣȻҲᱻͷΡ
أ
ͬһըף춯أռƺҲΪ֮ζŷ˻ȥվʯ֮ϣ˫ȥ
㣬ǾЩֲˣʼգûƶһ
̨Χһ׿⻹ãһʯҲûУõķƵɫ
̫Զˣ
ƾ֮ѾƱƵǱõ޲ǳ
ϾֵģҲδֲ̫ˡ
ֻǣ˭ûпһȵЦ⡣
е˼
ķƾȻһĨ죬鿪ʼ
ֱʱŽƵԼĶֶѡ
ߣ
һߣ΢΢е֦â˸ͻأģ͵ıһ֦һӣΣ
ţĵһĻ̨ˡ
һֱ۴׳̨µĵð˳ͬ˹һ㣬˲䣬ǽڡ
Ƹ磡
ŮͼҪȥ
𼱣û¡
һǰ͵ֻǣɫҲһ˫۾΢΢źâֱǸεĶ̬
ѵҪˣ
ķƾþòͻƣ˲
ֻ̨ϵǸ׿Σһͬһ㣬£Сƺ뽫С
⣬ǰɱ֮һؼ似Σ
һƬڣһĳŷƳ˹ȥÿһҵܡ
Ƶȼ𣬶һУϮܿԣʱǶ˶в
Ҫǰɣ
ĺһһγ飬αǱ
ȭ
ر׾籡ȥص֮ϡ
¡
һ죬֮쳹˳Χĵ涼ĺݺݵһΣǣֲǣ˵ܣǸȴҲֻ΢΢ζһ£ûбѣѷҲڡ
ߣ룡
Ǵ죬ֻһߣϵĵ⣬һ
Ȼƺô򵥣ȻҲǵؼ似ˣ
ͣ
һȭ֮ϣھ֮һ㣬ӲޱȣžŷֱӾͽײ˿ȥһѪֱ˳
أ
һȭһ飬ƵھһƬ֮ɫ
ر׾
൱һܣȻһƤҲû˵ʵ̫ˡ
ͬʱҲļʶˡ
ΪʲôһʼԼòĳƺţֱʹĻãԭ
ԴˣΨпЦ
ʵԼҲ㲻ʲô
ڣ֮УԼȻûа취
ն
ҲУǣȫһԪϣԼʲôȥԸأ

ڴʱȴҲԵЩûãϾƸ
ѵҪôˣ
ʮǿһֶѣôˣƲʰ
һߣڵũҩڵˣһ߽ĳ飬һߣĴɨεΧṹ


311 󼼽
ȵĳϣɽ˺Ĵ쳹һƬ
ȵڣѾʱˣڽеģѾʮǿ֮
ʱÿһ̨֮϶Ȼ죬ǣܹעģɻǱȽϿ̨µһ̨
̨һɫϣ̨һߣһīɫ϶ɵǸΣһֱڻСţ棬һͬװ첻ϵĴ˳
Ǹһô˰ɣ
۾оâ˸૳
鵽̶ȣ˭Ҳûס
ԣƱ棬Ѿʹһа취Ҳá
Σ̫Źˣ
⴫ǰɱ֮һؼ似ǣʱһȴӦòֹǵؼ似ôˡ
ؼ似Բ̶ֳܵȣпܾһؼ
ͬʱϣһ˫˫Ϊޣȴ־â˸˸۾Ҳǲʱɨš
Ȼĵ֮һҲûˣԣҲ뿴ûƽ֮
ⶫְ
̨ϣҲǸ۾֮ɨɨȥüͷ΢
似⡣
˸žâ΢΢µ
ѵǻĹؼ
һ׷߲ͷʵ
һģ޷似˶ǻֱӽ֮ΪĹؼһࡣ
Ӧòǡ
ڵľâĵȴ΢ҡҡͷؼô϶ôɣѵǲãֻԪô
ǻʳ֮Ĺ۲жܱȡ
ûιޱȣؼһǣֻȥĹ֮ȴǹ۲״
ѣǲǿ̨һԵİ㡣
ֻվгǸƵ֦ʱĻӶţһɫû¡
ֵ̫ãҲûɵɫһأϣ
ȻάΣҲǺܴġ
似
Ǻܿͷ״׷׾
Ѿ似ķΧˣѵ似ˣ
С̫˰ɣ
ȻţѡʥɽʱգǶ˰
۷׷ףǾ̾
š
Ҳǵ˵ͷֵ㣬Ҫˣţʧ𣡡
ģ

أ
һȭǽһҵķ飬Ϊһɢ١
վȫƾ۵ڿ⣬ȻѾָĲ࣬ǣһֱ£Ŀռ䣬üͷ
䲻ôԼᱻθг⽴
Ƹ°ɣ
ںˮŻ̻̲
ģҪ
˶Լ΢΢˳飬ǿĽ˵
ʵԼҲûס
ĳ棬ԣͻƲǸΣǾˡ
ΣԼϣУֻҲҪ䡣
ҲǿУȻҲǿ
ѹһؼ似Ҳ֮ΪɱС
ʱƺ˶ࡣ
ɱУȷ޿ƽ⣬ͬΪˣҲо˺ܴѹ

ڰ֮Уһ˫ͫĴɨӣûзŹһ䡣
ڣܲ͸磬ûһ˿϶ĴڣЩ٣Ǵӵ·ģƺһ壬ͻơ
ף
ǰľõķ׳
ͫע£һɫӿռû뵽˵ص֮£ϸĹ۲죬Ƿ֣ЩɫԴЩҵķ
ѵεԴͷ
һ˵ԪǾ޵ģȻѾླ磬ǣһֱ֧һôġ
ڣЩɫȻйɵı˵£õķǰһ
ȫͫȼţڷǰµһУǷ˷츲صı仯
ѾǴˣͫע£һɫ϶ɵ󷨣˷ǰ
󷨲ǺܷҵӳһͼЩɫͼ֮š
ƱģĿЩӿ֮󣬱ǻε٣
ȻͨһĹ󷨣ٽ似ʹó
Ʋɵֱӵһ
츳ȷܼ
Ƽ󷨣ڻĹż֮ڣĹѨ֮ϼΣЩɬѶͬ˿ס
ǣȴͨһһԼ似ϵһ
ȻЩĹѨĲܱȡ
ǣȷǴɱУ˭ҲԴһӵлĹͫȻǾ͵ųԿɡ


312 
˷һϸĹ۲죬һЩͷ
Щɫ˵֮ǶǴһ룬Ȼ֮һ֣õķһϲ
Ӧþˣ
ǸƶŵĹ㣬ȭͷر׾ӿֱһȭǸ֮ϡ
飡
һ죬ֻɲȭͷΪģΪ֮鿪
ʱǸǲȱһ飬ʱֱӱѣһ˲֮бʧȥ˹ʣİɫޱ䣬ĲҰޱȡ
ͣ
ſһѪ˳ǸʧȥʵΣ֮ڣһƬ˼֮ɫ
εγ֮ˣǰһУ󷨱ˣ
ۣôᱻֵģ
㣬ôҲ벻ס

¡
˾ΪѪʱһǴ˿
ţǱǼĵһĻ
һըװ죬īɫǺһ£Ȼըٷɽľм죬ɫϱײӿݵİ㡣
Ȼͻˣ
ȫ˶Ǿһ˫˫֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ
һħ꣡
ڱۿɼɷѾؿڴһЩѪһֻۣڣƺȼһ㣬ϢԶ΢΢Ļζ䣬ռбŷƿһͷͷĹƽһ㣡
ôܣ
ļ꣬˶ֲŵ
ǣվڣͬһƬ֮ɫ̨ϣҲվ׷Ͷ𾪵Ŀ⡣
ؼɱУȻôƽˡ
˭Ҳ֪ģΨһĽͣҵɱеȱڣ
ǰĻڣ˶̵ʱ䣬ҵƽ֮Ƶ˵УٴһΡ
£ǳ£
һ뵽ԼΪ֣ǣҲ˸
ΨԼҪ̫ϰɡ
Ҿ֪Са취
ϹЦǵģƺ̨ϵһ㡣
ǲ֪ν
Ƹð
Ůڶðǣ˿ڸǵ¶˳
ǻ
ǵĽǵ漣˸еԺ
۾Ҳ˿ˬϡ
㡭
Ƕ˶ķ̤Լɫһ䣬ߣ˵̫ˣ

˵գٴλӶе֦˸һХһҡҷˣҵĳŷײ˹ȥ
ǣ
һһ棬Ծۻ𣬴ȶֱϢͷ­ȥ
໣
ǣͷȴƺǰޱȻ㿪˷ȭͷĹֱײƵĻС
أأ
죬Ķˡ
һ˴
ʱ֣Ȼⱻײôһ£ҲðУ϶ʧȥս
֦֮öɫƵ۾
⣬治öԸ
ʱ򣬷ٴԼ似̫ˣ
ҲҲû̫Ļ㣬˼ΣǰԼ޼ƿʩ
¶ͱ¶ɣѾ¶ˡ
ֹ䣬΢΢һ䣬һĨһ
أ
ٴζأٴγŰжȥ
໣
һӣ֦Ӷޱȵĳŷײ˹ȥ
ˡˡ
ڣ
򣡡
ŷƵϰλռͻأĲһʱֱֱľͳŵȥ
أ
ڰ㵵Ŀ£һŽͷ飬ȭͷٴγɱ˹ȥ
ôܣ
֪ô£۾ɵԲ
Σ
ƿŲæٴξе֦ԭһһ׳ٱԵȻ𣬽Լڡ
飡
һȭֱ֮ϣŷӿȥҲ˻ȥ
ɢȥΣЩ
꣬ڹǣã
ȷһԵķֶΰ
Դ˱ʾĽʺ޵ĲֹǷһˣԾˣ̨ϵĴǣҲЩۺ졣
ֶһ㱣ֶΡ
Ӧþĵڶؼ˰ɣ
۾
֮ǰһֱ˵ؼһۣڶܹ죬ûݣƺƿؿռһ㡣
ϴεǸӣͬģʧȥ˿ƣԲŰܱ
ڣҲǿԣʧȥ˿ơ
ĹżĹ죬ӹɣڣ˶һεʶһ꣬ڶؼܡ


313 
һʹʱ־һƬ֮̾ЩǣҲüͷ
̫ˣ
ǸݵҲĪؼ֮ϣǣʲôȴǴҲ˵
һ׵ķΧֻҪǽǾͻʧȥһ㡣
ֲĿֲ
ô˭
뵽ɫȥ
ԭûô֣õΣУ

΢΢˳
ķӦ̫ˣڣһͶ֮ڣԼ޼ƿʩ
ΪǸεۣ֮УҪͻƣҪϵſԡ
ԣ㣬һʼڲ֮ء
ǾͺİɣҾͲţӵؼ
Ѫ˿ڣһĨɫһ£ٴͬһͷԱһ˳ȥ
ĵ۵ؼԪͲţĲ㣡

ǹؼ㲻֦̹˸һɫڱҡҷŷֱɶȥ
򣡡
Ľ׷Χƺԥʹ˲ʱͷ
¡
޴һ¡µأҳ̨ҲٴѿһһѺۡ
أ
ƺģһŽͷ飬γŰȥ
ȴģȻһΡ
ˣǽι󣬰ЩϢˣɫԲҰףβϵĻ䣬ţһĨâϢ˲ƽ
ɫƽһɫڱ˳һɰƣŷ˳
ȻҪôˣ
ߣ
һһ޷桯УڵԪӿ뵽ö֮ڣƷζ˵ĳɣٴα
ϢޱȵĳȥǸͨһ㣬ǣ˶֪Ҫʹôˣ
һ磬ǵļ䡣
ͣ
ӰĽ£ӳȥһϢ֮Ȼһٴӵͬһƶ𣬲Ľ£ͳһͷ϶ɵľ޴ޡ
ȻҪһˣ

ȫһ˫˫۾ھ𺳣ЩҲĿɿڴ
ǰһͷߴ߰ף֮ˮͰ׳ֱ۳ʮ׵ľޣռһС̨⣬һϢΧš
վͷ϶ɵľͷֳ֦ӯӯӨ⣬ֱ뵽µľ棬ϢΪֲ
ҾͲţؼôа
ھһƬɫƺѾΪһ塣
ҪȥƵĹؼ
˻
ĴǵѾҲݴԼˣ̨ϵĴҲ׷վһ˫˫ڣǲ˼֮ɫ
һڣô֧ôһ
벻ͨ似һʩչģ
ؼ
۾˵
ԭؼ
ؼ̬ǧ죬ѷֻǣҪ徫һ㣬Խܡ
һȻŪôһһ
Ȼô˵ţǣڳڣȴ˸һĨȵĹâԵЩԾԣ־
ˣЩǵĿŷƣŮϸǻ̻̣Ӱ쵽ƣҧסԼ´ûзκε
˼
ֻ΢΢һ㵣һĨаȵЦ⡣
ĶԽ󣬼صҲԽ󣬳ʶʮҲ˵һǧ뵽֮ڣͻ
ͻأأ˸Կƣûһʱ䣬ǿ϶ǵ֮ʧ֮һȥ֮ǧ
ôӹɣģ
ٺ٣
䣬һĨɫСֱžȥ
ߣ
һˮͰ׳ֱۣŷƵͷȥ
򣡡
ԥģʹʱΪģʮ׷Χ֮ڱǳһ
أ
޵ֱʱɣֱӾʧˣصȥ̨ҳһ޴ӡ
ն
Ű㻹ûзӦƸ߸ߵԾС޷桯Яһɫ磬ֱž޵ؿնȥ

ͬ£۵㱬âۼʣţֱֱ£ưھ޽£С޷桯ų֮̂С


314 ħ
磬еܶǼڡ޷桯м⣬֮ܽ
նʵ
ڳϵģǶǸľӢ֮ţȻĳеĵȻԼԣǻ̲סӣжӿһɲɵֵĴ
ͣ
վھ֮ϵİ㣬һѪ˳ھǾ㵣һĨʣһ

ţӾ޵ؿλãһֱ£ѿһѷ죬룬ƽ
˲ʱ̹ӨȻľޱ㰵ȥ׵ʧȥ˹ʣҲȻ޴档
¡
ھ쵱У޺Ȼ֦ľм
˹Ӵһͷؼ϶ɵľޣһ֮䣬ǻһ
˻
һ쵶ָŰ꣬˲һ
ˣ
̫ܵ죬̫ܵң
˶֪ǷƵĵڶؼˡ
һǰܶǳԽܣǣȴɰѲǹؼƿء
ܵĳס
ĵģһ󷢺׷ײ²⣬ǵʲôؼ
ߣ
ڽһԣһں֮ڵˣ΢΢̧ͷӺ£¶һŲ԰׵ӣһ˫ڵֻɨһۣһٴεͷȥ
ļˣŵǲмĺֻƲƲ죬ȴûҷ
ȻǶ˹˼ɵĽ
˼飡
Ƿ׷ȥϾһƬп
˵ʵڵģһʼУֻһƥѣģһ
ڷţʹ֮ǼԶ϶㲻䡣
ǣ㻹ˣ
ɨ䣬Ƕܿ˴ڵ𺳡

ˣ
վţֳ֡޷桯мֱָʺ
Ԫ£ֻҪٽ磬ͻ
źɭɫ࣬ǻһĨѪڣŨŨĲޡ
һαͬ˴ܣҲһΰս
ԩֻҪٸʱ䣬ܷΪʤ
޵ֱȥʱ֪Ƶĵڶؼʲôˡ
ûƿؿռǰɲֻ˶ѣһԼʧȥȻʡ
㲻
۾䡣
û˵ǣڵĲڸ߷ƣ
˵ֻһΣս֮ϣʱ㣬Ѿˣлᣡ
ֱ˫޵ɭȻϵıϢڱ𣬺ݺݵĳŰѹȥ
ȥ̱ڵ棬ૣˡˡ
ৣ
ǣ֣޷桯ָڣתǳ̨һŮȥ
Ӯˣ
㣡
ǵ֮
ϣЩǱ΢΢ӣԵǵܲƽ
ǽԴԼʵ
ǣ԰ʿ϶ôɣңû˭бʤİա
㣬еٮٮߣ
λǾޣǶǼɱС
ֻǣȴ˶ѡ
û֪ôƵģǰ㱾Ҳ벻ס

꣡СӹȻֻ
һ˼˹ڷǰеĵϣΧŷתȦлϣСӾһͷ
Ʒ˷ۣһƿһЦ⣬Ůȥ
Ƹ磡
Ůˣֱһ˽ĻС
Ǻǣ
ӵŻм˽ӣŮϲͬ㣬۾һĵЦ⡣
ŮһоԼͻرƽָо˵ȴϲɡ
ָܾо
ɶļһ
§һˣϷ޷޳źۼһ۲ԶǵӰڵԹŨˡ
㱻̧ȥֱӾ뿪˳ڡ
һ͵ˣ
һֱţ̨ϵĴҲǸӵļңҲ׷׸չĶֺĿ಻ԣЩԼϣֱˣȥǸ
ڣڳһ飬ȴǷơ
һź۵ˣźԶǿԴӺ֮¿Ų԰׵ɫô䣬ǿһۣҲΪ֮
ʱϵģ֮һһ
ȻΪǶˣɫҲǱһƬͫȻη塣
ûη壡
ȥǺȥ
䣬û˿УЩ˻ƵӺ´˳õǸΪ֮һ
ʰ

ǣˣʵȴû˿ĵص̾Ϣһûжֱ̨֣ȥ
ǣУˣİǵȻ޴棡


315 ʮǿ
һȻΪһвͷ˵ֱֿ䡣
ֱ޷飡
ǣȴʵķ˵ǰ
ûԸţȴġ
ǣǿһϮԶĺʱ򣬷׷Ȼ
ȻϿǸѡ
£ǲ԰׵ӣһаĻȣĺЦ̨ȥ
ǡħ
Ѫķϲ꣬˳
룬ǸʱжôľΪϲĵҪôȥԼļ屨ѩޣ
һ䣬õ
ηĶʦ
ʮʱ䣬Ǽ弸ɱɾҲɵ˺üӶɾ
ħԼԼĳƺ
ܶһ㣬֤һؼʦ
ؼʦ
룬ǺεȵĿֲ
Ҫ֪ʳؼҩʦݶô߸ϣˣǾֻеһ;
Ҳܿ⣬ЩǾ͸ˡ
ԣ쾭ġ
ԩȴò
ʱȫôؼʦڣôٷ֮ٹھģ
벻Ȼˡ
̨ϵĴҲ׷׸п
ں˵Ǽ¡
΢΢ǣ
ûؼʦܱ߻ʳҲһ𣡡
Ƿ׷׵ͷһ̹
ϧҪԦǾ̫ˣպһûܻ
̾һ
һؼʦǾ͵ͬһŶʱըʱܱûܲ⣬ôἫĿɲ
̫ˣмλʦڣһˣʲôңʳҲѾ˽նݳţ֪ġ
ûҲãħԸȻƫ䣬ǣҲһѪԣ֮ܽˣȻҲðΣΪ帴ˡ
з׷׽˵Ǻܿħ
Ͼĵƣǿǲɶõġ

Ƹ磬ΪʲôǶǸ˵ӣ
Сʵ
ǺǣΪǸʦ
ЦЦ͵
ʦ
ŮڶһĨ־塣
ʦʢ½û˸ҵͿʦ½ûҩʦĴڣô½Ƕʦ¡
ѵȻǵؼʦô
Ǿʵ
ûµǿѾһֵֻĿˡ
һԵĳϲ
ħҲʾ޿κΣϣɾ൱ֱӱ̭ˡ
Ȼǵؼʦô
˶ǲɵĵһ
ؼʦǾֻеؼҩʦܿ⣬һЩǾͲ˵ˡ
Ӱƣû˵
һԵĻʢһջЦ⡣
ؼʦˣģǣǰ˵˼պǿǡ

ǵؼʦŮûһ˿ǣ෴һЦ⣬ŷƵֱۣ۵ϣһĽ
ǡ
һ㶣֪ķϵĵȻ͵һһεͷ˳
ѵ㣿
ĺֱӾͼһ˫۾ҲɵԲֱŷƣҪըˡ
ؼҩʦ
һԣûеڶ
û˵ֻЦһ
һôܣ
ϻЩܲˡ
һеƷʲôȻܳؼҩʦֱ췽ҹ̷
ħô
΢΢۾̨ȥĺӣһ޵Ц⣬૵˼ٺ١
ˣãǰһȣԼĻʲô츳Ƚͻѡ
˵ģҩʦݣѹһУ
Ҫ֪ʳؼҩʦ˶ѣ
Ǽÿһû֣ر׾һֱֶӱ̨
ֱӽʮǿ֮У
ͱȽˣˡħʵģֱˣؼԣֵܹġ
ŮȽʧ䣬ưο˺һʱŻָ˹
ϣһĶսУʹȫƬ̨ΪһƬ𺣣ǻ֮£һзٻսֱ̨ӱһӣȥһҡ
ˣҲǲʤѣϾͬΪû˻
»ˣҲǲ̭ˣǰʮˣǱض֮ţ츳֮ˣ
ʮǿµʱ䣬ǲˣƣϣħǶУ⼸ǶǸλϡħʳҲ˽ʮǿѡ
ⲻ˵ʳʵ̫ľѾѡʥɽˡ
Ϊҵʱˣʮǰ˭ң⻹һδ֪


316 ֿ
ҹĻʳǵҹעıݼ˸ϲĸ
Եģǰٷ֮ٻᱻѡʥɽʱҪͽֺãˣǾˡ
ϯ֮ϣһ˷ܵͨ죬ϵЦݼһֱûϹЦĳˡ
ʱô
ⶼǸ漣Ĺ͡
ǵģĴھǸ漣ԣ漣һֱ
Ǹǵӹүʱǵ֮ҫ֮ǣ֪Ϣһᰣضһĺ䶯
һֱҹЩȨǲɢȥ
ǿգһԲ֮ϣ峺䣬ء
ɫ¹к£ΪһװһС֮£Ӱһ
Ƹ磬õһô
ץС̧ͷʵ
ɣǺǡ
Ƹ˸Ů˳ķ˿Ц˵
Ҳ˵Ƹᱻѡʥɽ
һĨӣ΢΢Щʵ
ţ
һ㶣Ƿ֣ŮǲһĨȻʧ䣬ôˣ
ûС
Ůǵͷȥ÷ƿԼڵˡ
Ǵʱܸӣһ棬ҪƶǣˣƱؾͻᱻѡʥɽôһҪˡ
ǲҪġ
ƽʥɽǾͲ֪ҪʱŻˡ
㶣˹¶һĨЦõɫʵСɵϣҶǲô
ûС
ŮҡͷǼٵӣƺ·ˡ
Ǻǣ
ָһ˵һ¶ͷŵǲֿģİɡ
˵䣬
˵³ԵǲϵŮ츳ʥɽȻǲһ㣬ǣȴǴ´ࡣ
ʣǷҲΪ֮ľһֱɳȥԽԽˣԶ϶Щ֮Уûȡ
ᴿԪ
˭
ڵԪѾǼƷ̶ȣͻǾпܽΪƷĵزǿ൱ڼµ쾧
£̫£
ƾ;ÿ£պԼҲĶ֡
ΪѣѾǳƷ̶ˣôأأ
Ůʱֳ츳Ϊǰ϶£Ҳ޿ܣټϷƸĻٸߵļǶǺпܵġ
ţ
ŮɻĿ
Ƹ磬ѵ㲻ȥʥɽˣ
ʵڵɫΪᡣ
һ棬ϣƱǿһ棬ֲϣƷֿõŮ̡̻
ȻҪȥ
һǣüͷһϾϷ֮ɫ

Ůųȥ

̧֣һһ£ŵȥʥɽѵǲȥ
⡭
ŮɻĿţϲĵѵƸа취͵͵Ĵǽȥʥɽ

ƺݺݵһ£һǣŵΪʲôҪ͵͵ģ󲻿ô
ǡ
ûпǣİɣǻһͬȥʥɽģ
ƻִǣʮ㡣
һҩʦһʳ˵ʲô
ţֻҪԼڣ³һСµġ
˵Ů츳ƽӹ³һ仰Ҳܴȥǿ϶ġ
Ƹ
˷Ƶı֤ŮЦ绨ֱ˽ĻУϵŤš
Ůϴ㣬ڻŤһа𣬴ӷƵСλϣʱͷһŻȣҪըˡ
˻
ƵһڵȻȴɢˣ¸֮µĳȻ
ף
䣬ǾиһһץסʲôƸ磬Ϊʲô
ƺ뵽ʲôŮߵɫͨ죬һѷſеСҲ˳ȥ˫Ҽˡ

ΣڨڨЦЦ˸Ǹɫ
εľûдƣŮվֱǳŷȥ·һޱƵ
ԣ¶Ƚȥĳƽȥվ
ˣ
һۣǴشССһǳŷȥ
һҹ޻
ڶ죬ѾȵһˣڽգѡǰձͿԽʥɽ
죬ʳǵ˶ǷˣֹȵĳվˣϣҲ鸡һӰ񷶼Ϊ֮һӰ
ǰʮѾѡվڸ̨µһ̨ϣ泯̨ʱǴһڴл˸̨


317 Ƶʥʹ
̨֮󣬳ϱǻİ
ɨһȫĿ̨ϵʮϣźۼĵ˵ͷǳһĻȡ
Уر࣬ʮ֮ھаа츳ҲǲͬѰ綼ǳڶླ硣
Ϊ͵ģǷƣһ龳磬վȴû˾òס
ʥɽʥʹ
ʵ棬ȻǺǣÿһ䶼ĵ
£˱Ǽһ׷Ȼߴԡ
һɫΣͷףףͷŶһƬɫϣɢ׶ҫ۵Ļâõ˿ݣЩģ
˵ͷҲû񣬱ôȥҲû˿Ĳס
ÿɲΪ
ֻһۣƱǾһ
ߣֻֻҲͨ
棬˺ʳʳƻʳʥʹ
ţ˱Ǽߣ˴һ˸̨֮ϡ
λʥʹĵҡ
һЦݣ߹ʾ⡣
ˡ
ֻ΢䣬Ǻ£Ǵ꣬վ
꣬ǸʳȵĹھ⣬Ҳԣ԰ˡ
⣬ʵҲǹֻǽֵʳѡ
꣬ǵĿⶼǵһʱͷ̨ϵʮϣһɨǶڷͣ
һн׵꣬Ȼǰʮ
ɵģжһɻ
ǹľӢʮǿˣ
ʥʹһŰֺߣԵúΪϷʣõɫǳȥ
ʲô˼
ʥʹ۾ͷҲǺܲ
Ĵʳ磬ϵ֪
һʲô˼ٺ١
ʥʹЦһ۾ֱָָƣζĿǵһн׵˶ܹߵʮǿ൱Ĳ򵥰
ô˵Ҳܲһء
ʱãһֱĶ֣ǰʮҲûʲô
࣬ʥʹҲǳ˵˻ᣬȴǲܷŹ
룬һ飬ôȥ
⡭ߣ
ʥʹûƺһɨһ۷ƣüͷҲͷһԵȴǼһ嵭ʲôҲûһ㡣
λʥʹ
ɨһһۣŵ˵ʮˣǴǧʮѡģΪߵһô
Ŷ
ٴɨ˼ۣûзʲô޷ףһнףһԵ꣬ôӱ
ͣʥʹȻ⣬Ҳû˵ֻҲǴһɻ
ŶһߵⲽҲװ
ʥʹ䳰һ䡣
Ȼκͬˡ
ҲĶ˻ȥ
Ƶʵǳˡħ⣬룬ھҪˡ
ȻܻȴܳΪܡ
ϾҲУʲôģ
ͣ
ʥʹֱЦЦĺǿģƺʲôЦһ㡣
˼Ӽ֡
ʥʹǰ룬С۾Ӧ˵㺶ʳͬˡ

ʥʹٴδЦҲ¶ζЦ⡣
ǵʣǸûɣȻҲȡùھ
ʱʥʹһ࣬üſڣȴû˵ٴɻĿһۣȴǿϾȻһ˿ЩЦ⣬ʱһ١
ѵвͬѰ֮
ʥʹ۾΢΢ϸɨʮˣȴǷ֣˲ûжͶԱĵĿ⣬෴ģǼƲ֮꣬ʱǶǴһĨ뵣ǡ
ʲô£
ϸĹۿϯϣ󲿷˶ǶǸָָ㣬ǲڳȵ񣬸п̬ʥʹ͵һ
Ȼ֮ǰ϶˲˵ı֡
ڿЩǣ޲һŹֵЦ⣬ƺڳЦʥʹ֪
ˣǽŵķ
ţ϶һǼĲ
ţЩڴˣ뿴Ĳ֮ʲôƾʲôԿЩŵġ
λʥʹЦڻ
üͷһҲЩơ
һֱ䳰ȷƢٺҲᷢ


318 Сһ
ǣ
ʥʹǲмƲƲǡ
ǻͲˣһ飬ܷ첻ɣ
Ҫŭ
ʥʹ˶İ룬ϵϷʺԣ֪꣬ڹȷǺͻģ㣬ǶܹģϾô٣нףѾܲˣô
ѾǺܲˡ
ѽϲϲþŰ
ʥʹ䳰ȷ꣬ҲǴһ߰Ц⣬ǲмĿ̨ϵķƣÿһˡ
ȷѾԼʳĴȹھˣǸ߰ȻԼʵԼʵΡ
ȷǸš
֮⣬ȴû˿ŭһЦĿǣģУͷżһ㡣
ˣЦʥʹϵζ֮Ũˡ
ʥʹҿ㲻ѡʥɽɣľţɲҪˡ
ǰҿ
˵ҶЩĽˣţȷѵð
˵Ļǲõĺʥʹ飬Ҫ쭵ʱٴ˵ˡ
Ҿã츳һʳ
Ļ⡣
ô
ʥʹΪмһ
û
˵ͷתָ̨ϵʮˣΪȻ˵ʱվ̨ϵģǶҺʳľӢеţţʮǿǣ
ȻʵҲǲǣϡħǼ·һϷƣҲȻ
ΪãȻܲǣҲͰܻ࣬㡣
ϷƽɱУ˵ھǰǿ϶ķݣ
ôˣѾƻˣʲôأ
Ŷ
ʥʹüͷһƲƲǣǺõģǣҲ̫ˡ
û
ʥʹʮٴɨֻڼͣƤǿϵ۵ʱ򣬿ǲʱӺʶĺɫ޲һ顣
ʦ
˶ǵļʶ۲˳
һʦһߵʮǿĶʦ
룬ǷǳֲĴڣǶǸо쬵ġ
Ϊĵףðĸۡ
ؼʦ
λǲţǴܹӣ磬ԣ
˳鶯ӣ뺶ʥʹд졣
ԣôԣȥԶ
ߣ
˶һż£ûʲôһ㡣
λʥʹˣȻȥʵǿȥԡ
ҪǸѿɫζȥǸ龳ԣΣ
㣡
ֹʥʹһŭɫĿ꣬ҲͬЩ߷ߣ۾ڣǼҪð
ˣ͵һҲ࣬ߵǸѾﵽ˿ֲླ磬ڣȴ˵һױʵȻͻˡ
ѵ˵λ飿
üͷһһȻĵ˵ͷлӣͿ
ƵĻʱõļ˻ðɣǱƽ
Ͼ˼ҵĵ̣̫ˣǿܻزȥġ
ȻִҪ棬ôǲӵͷΣ
ʥʹ˵ǲ⣬ƣҪһʲͷ
ͷ
΢΢һ㶣ɫ֪ͼ
ôԼľѵûô
ʥʹʵ
ǰӵͷ
࣬ʥʹҲ˵š
ǡ˵Ķ٣
Ѿַ죬ǱϣȴǹΪѣƺ˺ܴľһ㣬ǿĴӦ
ˣһ侧Σ
ʥʹ۾΢΢һԴƺһ侧㲻ʲôһ㡣
ҲȷΪʥʹһ侧Ȼ࣬ǣ˵ȴҲʲôĿ
ǺǣҲ룬ССһ
Ȼ£Ҳˡ
ʥʹǽǿһ侧ҪײҪҪģҪ̻
侧ô
ǣҲһһʣüͷʵ˭ȥ
ȥɣһע
Ѿ˵˶עʥʹҲͲתǸӵླ˵
ӻЩ޵ģǣһĶע۾ģǼ˶ıһ㡣
ӣҲЩĽĿ
ǧ徧һʲСĿˣ
ˣʥʹּһ䣬ǵãǸһǺʳľţ֪ô
ʥʹģף
˵ͷЩȲľȥ̨֮ǰ


319 
̨ϴǵĶԻԼһЩһɫЩŹ֡
һһѾ侧̫ˣ
ƣ
վɫһһ
ڣ
ǰһӦɫࡣ
Ϊƻʳȹھɸһս
ȫ
ˣ˱֪սˡ
ǰǶǹھԹھΣƺļˡ
Ƿƣ϶¶һĨĵЦ⡣
ˣ˿ܻᵣǣǺǾͷˡ
⡭
ƹɣüͷһ
ûô飬˭
Ӯһ侧
һ飬ݺݵĵһۡ
֪Сӿ϶̸ˡ

ʱȫ˾ѡ
һ侧˵ǲĿҪ֪ǴȹھҲܵһǧ侧ѡ
ⲻ侧ô
˶ǲĻѾ˵ڣǾͿ϶֣ǱȻġ
ǣһ˫˫̾ѵĿⶼǷ˷ϡ
Сӣ
˸ǾϲѣŮҲ罾۾Ц
׬ˡ
վ۾Ľͨ죬в޵ૣΪʲôң꣬ʲô¶Сһȫռˣ
Դ˷ƣǰƾͲټ֣ķȣ궼ҪǿԼȷõƲѡ
кβң
Ʋźۼǣ˵ǴȻһ׳ʿһȥⲻ飬Ա׳
һ侧ˣ
ȻˣǾͿʼɡ
˷ۣһӣȥ
뺶ǸԾһߵ̨ϣʥʹһӣ̨ܱǱһɫ롣
Ǻʳľţ
ɨ꣬ǿʲôͬѰĵط
һţͨǲϣҾ򵽣ڶ磬侧н׶ѣˣܽǰʮʳȷûˣԪԾԣˣǿǿȥ
ԣǣ΢΢ףǰȻƲŷơ
ŵ㡣
΢΢һЦһֻöѡ
ͣ
ֱЦ̨ϵʥʹҲǹһĨЦ⣬ʱźʥʹ
һ飬ʮǿǳֵ˵󲿷˵ʵ̫Ȼ鷢
Ҳǡ
һϷʵĿŷƣȻǣĺ˵˶ֹˣ
Ǽһûľˡ
ŷǵȣĶͷһ۲ѵģ
һ侧
ģһһģ
˵䣬ϵƿʼڱһ˫۾Ҳ֮ɫһĪĲĽŵ˳ȥµ̨Ȼͬһ㣬΢΢
ô
ƵɫҲ
ܸо֮ǰİ˿ȻҲںƻʳˡ

һۣѸٵĿʼֱӳһ鼡⣬͹Ѫͬһϣţֱ۱Ǳͨ죬ͬ̿һ㣬ƤʼѿȴûѪǱһƬƬ״Ƭ
¡¡¡
ֻ΢΢İڶ䣬ͬװ죬Ǵӿռ䴫˳һۿɼƺʾռֱֻܲ۵Ĵڣ
һ¶ʱΪ֮ɵˣϵҲΪ֮һ͡
ôܣ
۾ɵԲǼһ㡣
޷ôһֻͬһֱۣΪλ᳤һϣرһƬƬâƬĲѡ
ֱֻϣов
ôܣ
ͬĺڸ̨
˺ʥʹλʥʹھͫ׶Ȼչڣǲ˼ɫ
ȻǶ޷Ĵڡ
Ǻǣ
ֵˣ۾΢΢ţһ˫˫Բ۾ޱȵ̹ǹҲֱɢ١
һߵĴǣҲԶӶЦ
ʵһμʱҲòȥڣֻۣǶо̾ѡ
ǣЩŵɾ㵣޲д졣
ʵ˵ķ

ʥʹĺ˿ɨһЦеɻȥԭ
ǰѾױˣϸ߽׵似
뵽⣬ɵ۾һ
ջܴ󰡣
ͬģ࣬ƣλʥʹҲɫȥһƬء
֪ܾⳡˡ


320 һи㶨
ͬʱλʥʹףΪӦôɴˡ
ԣ֮ǰ϶йͬѰı֣ȻҲô
һ뵽һ侧ôûˣ޲ǳ˳ǡ
ʹ
ߣˣҲǸѣǿȥ
ʥʹ޵ĺһԵĵˡ
ΪȻ֣ԼΪȴǿ͸ֱ۵ʲô
صİĲ
飬ԸǸСȴǴ´ˡ
ʥʹɫҲչ˿Ƶ˵š
ߣǾ͵ſɣ
ʥʹƺһ۾ֱֱųϵӰкȵӮһ侧
ȫͬʱҲ

˿ɫܿƽȥƽâӿϣɫʱȥ
ߵһȻȫƾ츳û㹻ǣҲ˳ɾ͡

һЩ֮²ĴأȻ˳ĽŸһֱӿֱӰͬһ̩̹һ㴣
ˮףˮͰߴףһɰƾϯõȫ˶ϢĴ
̫ˣ
ƺ־ܽͱƣһž̤ܽһ㡣
Ȼùھ֮ˣ
꣡ôͣ
ˣҲƤֱɫ
ٺ٣
ɫʥʹ޵ĺЦһ˵ˣȻǸСӺܹ죬ھԵǰʲôǣ
ô
ʥʹƲһۣûʲôʾ
Ͼϵ˱ֵʵ̫ԶҲûס
֪Ǽһؼòʹ
ૣüͷ΢΢𣬡Ӧûɣ
ѾҰʹˣҲףƵĵڶؼǾؼȷ˷ʤǣȴֻһѣӦǾ͸ûжôˡ
ٺ١
ˣƷһЦ
ô
ţڵԪĶһһľĳϾۼõΧĿռ첻ϡ
¡¡¡
ÿһõĴһض΢΢Ĳţʵõľѡ
¡
һȭռбըװ죬Сȭͷֱӳŷ
һ㶨㣡
صı׾һĨһŶأһѣ˱ǽ߸Ծ
Ŀ΢£򣡡
䣬̨ϵľ˱͵һ˫ֱ̨֮ڡ
ȭ
ʧȥ׼ͷȭͷ˿ûԥһȭֱھ˵ؿ֮ϡ
̣
޴Ȼţ˵űѿһɲѷ죬Щɫ׷׵䣬ҳ졣
أ
׼õıؾٴκͬһλʱֱɢܣһӰڷɳѪʮ׿⣬̧ͷǷһͨȭͷ֮ǰʱҡ
ˣ
һ˱ĻĬĬı۾
֪Լһӵʱڡ
һӣԼˣ
Ӯˣ
ģ
ɵƯ
Ҿ֪Ӯˣ
ʲôƹھһо͸㶨ˣ
𣬸䳰ȷ֮̾쳹
ʱǶǺ
Ƹư
Ů쳣ľϲЦ罿һʱޱߣõΪ֮ɵۡ

˵ĴЦķѧԱҲǸĴУƺ˲֪ʶһ㡣
꣡Ȼô죿
ϳ˳ǣȴһĨ졣
ˣԼǾһսȴȭ͸㶨ˣĲ࣬õһ
ҲȻɫ˳ȥ˵Ψһɵˣǡħˡ
ʲô˲õġ
һǶҲδƶġħϵૡ
Σǰˣħƣǿ϶ǸռһˣҲ˵ǰˣֻһ¡
⡭
ʥʹûӦǼѾѪˣվһ˫۾ɵԲھǲ˼ɫ
ΣȻ˵֮޵ֵ֡
ǣȴǰܵôɴ䡣

ʥʹֱӿڴЦã
İ
Ȼ֪ƾôģǣӮˣǾˣλʥʹѿݣд졣
СӣȻ
һ˫۾Цվĺʤ

ⲻһҪ֪ôһʤǾӮһ侧


321 ¶
ȭǵһ侧õ˶Ǿ̾ѡ
Ľ
ǿ϶ģǣȴûݽʵ
ЦƵĹھôöԸôǳϣжЩ飬ͲҪ˵ˡ
һ۷ƣżһ֣Ծ˸̨
ˣȻ֪ѾˣΪֻһΣ
ô£
ΪʥɽʥʹʥʹȻĳ쳣üͷ壬ʵ
⡭ͻȻˡ
ԥ˵˳ھһƬӡ
ˣ
˶üͷһ
ѵؼ
һЦʥʹǳ˳飬ʵٱ
ʮҡ
һش
Ŷʮô
޲һɡ
ʮ⻹ʲôڲ֪µĻǵȷǻԴġ
һ˲䣬Ҳѹôˡ
֪ԵɣǱǾãƺûôˡ
ߣ
Ȼô˵˳һǵλעأ
ֱ̯֣Ҫ侧ģƺһ㣬õɫ鴤ѡ
̫ɺˣ̫ˣ
˸׳һöָУ۾Цһ졣
侧Ȼ٣ǣ˵ĻΪӮӣ

վѾص̨ϵķ˵ȻѾӮˣҲҵŵԣһ侧
˵ţһöָŷȥ
л
̵Ľָƺǹ˳ֵл
һ侧ôɵĵˡ
꣡Сӣ
һԵĳϼʵ۾ͨ죬޲öֱһ㡣
Ʒ˷ۣûֻǳŮվ֮ʾ⡣
ȿʼ
ĺĴȱǿʼˡ
̨ͬʱУĸ̨ڴţһ
ѾɵĽˡ
ڡħĴڣ˶Ǿ̾ѣĸʥʹҲͬȻΪǷǣҪǶôؼʦǶǾͷƤ顣
ʦǿӹɣҩʦܶԿ
Сʲô
ʥʹ۾һֱڿŷƵı䶯
ʱƱȶһླ磬Եӣ˶һ𣬴Ȼ죬¡
һ˫ȭͷȥභĳ棬ǲ
ʵԶȻ޿ܡ
ȭͷϱŷųĶǣǶг鴤š
⵽ôһֱֻ۰
ؼ
ҲɣܽͣҲֻһˡ
ʣƣ࣬ʥʹĶ䶼Ȼ治ɫǣ΢΢Ķȴǳǡ
Ǻǣ
ЦһƣһеƷ
ʲôе
ʥʹޱȴ㵵Ŀ͵ʥʹҲһȻĲͷ
һеôôһӹ
޷
еԴƽӹ֮Ҳܴôһ
ѵԼļ
ʥʹʵ
š
˵ͷҲһƬ̾һ漣
ΨһܹĴˣ
һеһСǵļ壬ңһӹţʱɳ˵زⲻ漣ʲô
һ̨ͣϵ˶ǳĬ
漣Ҳ
ʥʹɵĸпʥʹҲ΢ĵͷ
Ȼʳͬ¼ȴȷһ漣
ˣҵȷʥɽ
źʥʹһЦǵ⡣
˵϶ǻĪĻԵǾԵģȻĳɾ͡
ߣ
ʥʹһûз
ʱ䣬һƽӹɱ˲ǻʲôģ

أ
һ죬Ӱ˿ȥ

ĴϢţϺˮϵĻ䡣
Ѿĵˣǰˣ֮һһˡ
Ϊ˵֮ͻЧûôˣֻܸԷɲѡ
Ҳҿ򣬲ȻûЩǿ⡣
Ͼľʵ̫ˡ
ৣ
һ֣޷桯ץУʼơ
û취ȭؾֻ֮ƽѣҪӮʵ̫ˡ
㾡ȫһ֣ƻʤˣն㱬ȷܾ죬ʵ̫£޿ɵֵ
֪ܷܲӳؾ
һ߻ָһ˼š
Ǳؾܣ϶ᷭϼ
ʱϣǸܣеƶǱ¶˳ֱ̨ݣضҡϣضпܱȥ


322 սħ
ս˳˳ȫʤ
ҲʹѾӵ˽ʥɽʸˡ
ǳ˾죬Ǿ̾
һ鴳ǰʷǰģƣǿ
СӣȻԼȡʸ񡣡
ʥʹΪ⣬ھǾ̾
ھɱع֮ԭΪƶģǣ˭֪ȴƾ辪նһ·أɱǰ
δġ
ڣûаܼģֻСħϣƣˡ
Ƶ֮󣬳̨ŷһЦٺ٣һĶң
Ǻǡ
ЦһԾ̨ȥ
˿ʽѣҲû̫ע⡣
㲻䣿
ķһֱ΢ЦſԼþò䣬ħ΢΢һ㶣ЩȻ
ѵӻˣ
峺ֲǣħɫǳȥһѪĻȡ
˼
ΪӺ֮´˳ͬķιõҲҪΪ֮
Ǻǣô
΢΢ǣʵԣ㵽ǲʵѡ
ģҪΪ۵ģ
֮£Ĺͬӵ֮дһ㡣
ԴԼǴδɱ֮⻹ǵһԼˣȻħҲǰ겻ǣǲģ
Ǻǣûġ
Цһƺܲ⣬

ô
ķһֱվɻ
ѵǲ֪Ƕʦ
֮ߵĽ˵Щ˵ȥ
ѵҪƾԼⶾʦô
̨ϵĴҲ׷ɻ
Ҫȥʦô
Եһʵ

ԥǲͷȥԸȥʦ

Ӧһǿٵȥ
Կĳ˵еѾǺˡ

ǾԵģңƾǻԵֻǳҲпܵģ
Ͼʱ䣬һӹţͽ飬ٶȣʵĿֲ
ټԴһǲǲܵ顣
ʥʹһֱû˵һ˫۾ŷƣƺ뽫֮һ㡣

ãĺ˿ҡҡͷ
Ȼ޷Եؼʦġ
ʥʹҲ۾̬졣
һѵĻǵؼҩʦ
վ̨֮£۾Щǡ
ʦԶ϶ʦѰֻ·һ֮أ
Ƹһˡ
ΪиŮԴ˻Ϊĵġ

⻹ǷƵһԶʦȻЩ飬ǳڶũҩΣûн
ȻԼǾͲҪԹҡ
΢˻ƵӺ´˳ţһڵǴӿ˳
ȥ
˫һκŷֱɶȥ棬Ȼķں֮С
һ·ϣ̨ļӲĵذ嶼ǱʴĿӿݣȥһ֮
ɴ˿ɼⶾԵ֮
壬ǾԳܲ˵ģҩԻ壡
ǰᵽҩʦҩԾ壬ʦҲͬܶ塣ٺ٣úõܰɡ
ëȻӺ´˳޲Ϊ֮һ˫˫ڣһƬ
˻
ȫһǾ㵵Ŀź
벻ͨΪ꣬ҪԼȥײͷ
һϧˣ
̫嶯ˣʦӲģ֪
̾ϢĴ
һʹ䰡
£
һ˿ڵĴ£ܿ
ʦȥ
ٵվָ̨ϵź֮ɫԻҡ
ã
ɨһۣҪԾ̨ȥ
ȵȣ
ʥʹˣһ˫֮ھâ˸ƺܿһУ˺֮ڵĶ̬
ʥʹ
߶ɻĿ
û¡
ʥʹûвͷĿһֱź
û£
һ㶣Ҳӿ־â˸˸ˣҫޱȡ
ģܿһӰһֱվں֮ڣûжϣһ΢ӨӨ֮⣬ڵź֡
Ȼҩʦ
һھǲ˼ɫ
ţӦ߽ҡ
ջڵľâ͵
߽ף
̨ϵĴǷ׷׶һ
߽ҩʦѾǺ˲ˣҲҩʦֻǣе꣬ôõ߽ҩģ


323 Եľϲ
ȻǺ츳
Ƿ׷׸̾
ԽǸ߽׵ҩ䣬ʵҪԽǿ̣ΪҪܳסҩԵĳУȻҩҲɶҩı
νҩ׵ãһЩ߽ҩʦҪһ̳еӣǶǧѣĸ߽ҩ䱻ûʷĳ֮С
ڣ߽ҩʦԽԽ٣ԣҩʦݲԽԽ
ļһΰһԵˡ
ʥʹпһ
һƽӹɱɾţĸԵǷͬһ㣬ڣһ߽׵ҩʦǾǴһݸԵĳλҩʦĴС
ʦȻһҪס
Ȼ֪˷ʱû£ǣЩǡ
Ͼħǵؼʦһ߽׵ҩʦܵҲ˶á
ġ
߸˸°ϳ룬
ϵҲ쳣ˡ
ؼĶԣ˵Ӧܽ˻ΪŧѪˣǣǰȴû˿ı䶯ⲻõɻ
ѵһ߽ҩʦ
뵽⣬޲ǵһ
ҩʦôǾҪϷϼ

ޱߵĺԼڵһʱǵũҩ鵤ҩԣЩҪڵĶż˳ȥ
Ķ
ֱȫż˳ƲǺ˿Ż£ʴɭԣüͷ
ֻܶóҩҩˡ
ҩʦȽײ߽׶ѣؼĶҲЩ޲ߡ
Կ
һǵũҩ֮öͨҩҩԡ

һҩԣӷƵָŷ˳ͬһһ㣬ڰ֮ƶ΢΢ҡҷˣΧĺڰ
ǺǣȻЧ
űֱճ޵ĶƵ΢΢
ҩ֮ǵؼĶԣҲ֮⣡
㣬ҩҪЩյʱһĨȻֻŻָ˽
ף
ڷ΢΢һĹЩ˳ֱۣ뵽ڡ
ˣ
ũҩ΢΢ζЩͬܵǣһ㣬ֱӱȡ˹ȥ뵽ö鵤֮ڡ
⡭
ȻѵЩ֮ڻҩҩԣ
˽ⶾ䣬˽ⶾʦԲôɡ
ҩ붾ҩʵ嶼кģԣҪͣȻҩǶҩ
䣬ΪкͶ֮ڵĶԣһ㶼֮Ķҩ֮һҩȻǲǽԼˣ
ƻݡ
۾΢΢оһǱʮҩ
Ȼϡ伶ҩ
ۺ֮ھŨŨľϲԣҩԡѵʮߵġ֮
ȻоˣЩ֮УȻҩʮߵġ֮
ഫ֮ڵģһڡ֮ĵطǱضԵ쾧ڡ
ǣ˵쾧ĵطС֮
ɼ⡮֮жѵá
ÿһҩҪҵǶǧѣңȫһЩµĵطԣҪ͸Ϊˡ
Ȼǡ֮ҩԣ
һϲҲЩ
ؼϵҩ䣬ǱضһҩУȻﲻؼҩԣ֮һֱδͻƵؼҩʦΪԭ
Ȼųҩҩԣǣ鵤Ŀǰҩԣںϲԣ鵤ŲͻƵؼĵز
ȡ֮֡ũҩ֮صһҩ֮һ
ũҩ֮ϵĻʵ鵤Ƴϲûϲá
Ȼôţڡħؼ֮Уȡһҩҩԣ
ܿóħõĶ䣬ǱضͬѰȻҪҩͣ룬ڵĶϵĶҩ֮Ĵڡ
ڿϲķȴûȥЩ
һǵķϲģǴⲿ䣿˶䣬Ķҩ֮ҩ֮
Ҫͻˣ
һо
ǣϱɢһ㵭ĻâȼЩӵо綾ĶڵĻϲ
ħΪԼһݴ񰡣ΪݴԼҪúõĸл
ٺ٣
ųҩҩԵķΧƾôվڶ֮
ͻư
ţ
ǲ㶾Ȼб䵭ƣħ˫Զɭ֮ڣһĨɻ֮ɫѵһҩʦ
üͷһ塣
ֻ˵ҩʦǾԲɢԼĶġ


324 Ƽ
ԼĶźεȵĶħԼˣȻԼֻǶһɶԣҲһ߽ҩʦġ
ѵȻһؼҩʦ
뵽⣬ħüͷһ壬ź֮УǵֵӰһУؼҩʦôٺ٣Ǿͺúõ档
ƺؼҩʦ
ٺ٣ҾͿܰʲôʱ򣡡
Ӻ´˳õĸоһͷƤ顣
꣡
ţŨĶٴδ籡˳ڵһʱ䣬̨ϵĵذǳ˵㰼ݣŻ󣬾ڻϺ濾һ㣬ٵˮȥ
䣡
ײź֮֮ź֮ͬмһѻһ㣬һ£𣬽С̨ڣԶԶȥһźɫĻȼһ㡣
ؼҩʦٺ١
֮£ƵĹ⣬ζ֮ɫֱյĺ档

ô£
ġħһٶʱȫ֮˽ЩĪ
ѵҪô
벻Ǹ껹ҩʦϧ
ħֿԴˣ
۷׷ף޲̾Ϣ
ԭΪˮˣ˭֪ħȻģӴ˶ԣôһҩʦҲǺ֮ˡ
ҩʦȻǿʱ䣬ɢˣǾԵġ
һ֮ο⻹һĲࡣ

ϣ죬ȫŵһɶĵȳ֮ζЩֿģֱӿ°ĭ˹ȥˣǸоЩͷĿѣƣҪ
ӵҩģǶƳһҩԼͷܶʴ
Ǽһܵסô
ϵҲԶԶ˿һн׵ҩ䣬ԱԳҩԣڡ
ֻǣӰһվԶһҩԣЩơ
ƵıֻᰡȻô˷ˡ
Ƹ硣
̨ǳĺ棬Ůǲɵһľ壬֮ڣĵǡ
Ȼ֪ӦǵؼҩʦǣšħķƺħѾһĵؼʦˡ
һҪû°
Ů֮ڶŨŨ۾ֱֱź棬գ

ЩԾ
̨ϵĴǶǷһЩɵ㡣
˵ħӦüӾ綾ԵģıҲǿԴ󷢵ģ
ţǸɢЩ
߻ŨŨҩԣ̨ڣΪؼͽҩʦȻҪЩҪࡣ
ԵĿΪǰǲ䵭ȥħͻȻӾ綾Եġ
ʲô
һ˫˫㵵Ŀ⣬ȫǿߣλʥʹҲȻ
ʦȷɢ˶
ѹе𺳣΢΢Щʵ
ɢǲͬ
ߵĴǣɢǾ˵ͬ׵ĶԿˡ
ɢˣǲ൱˵Ǹؼҩʦô
ؼҩʦǺεȵĳߣǾһʳɶõĿ
ûɢˡħĶ
ȻҲЩţǣһʱĹ۲죬֣ǰŶǵȷǱɢˣˡ
һ˲䣬֪Ǹ꣬ǲԼĵؼҩʦ
һĵؼҩʦ
߲пǧ
⡭
Ϊʳ֮ʱҲ𺳵˵
һӵ츳꣬ƿϵؼ鿹ڣҲˣڣ֤ʵһȻһʵĵؼҩʦ
˲ʱֱӾ;ſҪըˡ
⵽ʲô
ɳǾǳֲ˵ʵؼҩʦݣǾѹһȺˡ
һʳ֮ж٣ж٣
ǣؼҩʦʳȴֻ
ݣĳؼҩʦݣһεȵĳ̶ȡ
ǸһٰǶʲô⡣
ţɵļ
ʱֻһ뷨£ʳ׬ˣ
һħѾǵƼˣټôһĹǶһưȵƻҪ͵Ĵڡ
˻
ƣ࣬ʥʹǲɵĵһɨ䣬ǿ˻֮ڵ𺳡
ףվ̨ϵˣǾǵƼģ
һȣȻѡȵǲɵЩ
ȻԼĹھǶӵ츳ǣǰһȣԵô޹ˡ
ãð
ʥʹӦǱɵ˵ɫֱǳĴЦ
ü
Ǻǣ
ʳĴǶӶЦЦĺܿġ


325 ʢ
ȵĻ᳡֮ڣĴеĿⶼһµĿһ
̨ϣһϮվһߣϣƣӺ֮£ǶܹһŲ԰׵ףǣǵȣĲ
ǰһ׷Χҵĺ棬ţħ죬Χĵذ嶼ǿӿһƬʴĲӡ
ȳ֮ζȫţõĺܶ˶ǳܲס˳ȥ
ҵҪ㵽ܳŶá
ħȤĿź棬ʱڴһԣȼյĸΪʢ
ƺǿˣǵǵЦŨˡ
Ƹ°ɣ
Ůһĵǡ
ȼյĺû˿ȥļ󣬷ӵˡ
ȻħǵؼʦҲԲͨĵؼʦ
ƣȻ˶֪ǵؼҩʦȴ֪ĸױġ
һף
Ůˣ
üͷҲˣǰûټ
СӣоͱӲŰ
ǵǡ
˵ڷƾˣǺ϶롣
ôˣôû
˿ûҪȥĺ棬üͷ΢΢ͷʵ

ߴʱҲһأã̾Ϣһ͵Ǹħͨĵؼʦ
ʲôѵȻǵؼн׵Ķʦô
ޱȾ㵵ֱ˳֮ڣһƬ𺳡
ôʣ̨˵Ŀⶼּ˹࣬ƣʥʹЩš
ԽһױǾͲһεĴڣ
ħǵؼн׵ĶʦǾеǳˡ
ţѾԽ˵ؼͽףʲôױ޷ơ
ߵ˵ͷ¶һĨЦ
ԭڣħҲûȡʤĿԡ
ؼн׶ʦ
ѡƵļˣǵӰڣһƬȡ
û뵽ڼ侪ϲһһһһ͡
֮ηˣ
ٺ٣
ʥʹһѿɫʥʹЦ
ȵ˵ƼִԼĶ֣ˬ£ѵһ
ǡŵȥô
ȼŵĺ棬ɫǳȥ۾Щǡ
Ҳ
εҡҡͷʱĳѾĿƷΧˣо̨ϵˣûһԼġ
ţҲ΢΢Щп
ʥʹǾͺֹɣ
ԥͷԺʥʹѯʵ
ʱá
ɻĿ£ʥʹ͵̫ƽˣǲôĳŲסһؼҩʦ˿Ҳûаɣ
⡭
ĽͣĬȥ˶΢΢˵ͷ
Ҳȷ㡮ħǸؼн׵Ķʦؼ׵ҩʦҲûз
ڵķƽ˾˵ˣƻܵ
뵽⣬΢΢һ˫۾Ҳź棬ƺǵһ״ǾҪͣһ㡣

֮ڣվΧĴضѾȥֻһ
һ㵭Ļƣڡ
ͬħϮ׺ݵĳɱ˹ǣײĻ֮ϣֱȥΪޡ
ĺεӿССĻʼղϨΪڰ֮еΨһ⡣
ʱţƵԽԽΪڵ鵤ѾǴﵽٽˣ
ֻҪͻٽ㣬ǻʵĵؼҩʦˣ
ԶԶĲ
ڵҩԵŨȣ΢΢ҡҡͷŨȣﲻͻƵҪ
ٺ٣ǾΪһѻɣ
ĿУĺЦ
ţƱóһͨҩһֱţڳҩĺɫҩ
̷һǧҩӣƱֹͣ
ڣũҩ֮ϣöͨҩͬһһĴڣһ˿˿ĻΧյһƬͨ
ʼɣ
ڷƵڣ¶һĨ˷ܵɫһǴ߶öҩҩԣ
أ
ǵĻ磬ͻأģȻŷƶ𣬽Χĺֱճޡ
ţ
ԭڵġħĨȻڣ¶һĨȵɫ
ǱҲ֣Χȳζȴȥϸһ̨ȼŵʢ棬ƺҲ䵭ࡣ
ûڱ䵭ңۿɼٶڱ䵭ţģƺܼź֮ڣһɫĻš


326 ͣ
ĺеı仯ʱǾۼ˵ע⡣
䵭ˣ
֪˭һеĿ㶼ּ˹ȥ
ţı䵭ˣ
ɣôܣ
ǸȻһؼҩʦô
Ϣȫһ˫˫֮ڣǲ˼ɫ
޷ţǸ츳ͬһ꣬Ȼһؼҩʦ
ǣǰʵڸˣûǵؼҩʦ
˻
ȫһ˼Ѿ𺳵ľ飬һεı𺳵ˡ
ؼҩʦݣεȵĳߣˡ
һ뵽꾹ȻһؼҩʦǵűǼٵķ
ʳؼҩʦ
죡ȻǸؼҩʦ
ϵӶɳˣĺ֮Ĩֵİ֮ɫһ㡣
̫ܴˣ
ĸʵܲ
ŷ֣Լ֮Ĳ࣬ǲһ㣬һṵ޷Ԩ
ʱƺˣΪΣɫŮΪλصĸ
꣡
˳ǣ¶һĨЦ
꣬Լ޷Խˣƾؼҩʦݣ㹻ѹԼˡ
ΨһֵҵǣԼȻؼҩʦΪһĴڣһ㡣

ŮһЦŵǷȥ
Ǻǣ
ҲһЦ⣬۾гһ϶
˱Ǹߺģǵؼҩʦһ㡣
ˣҲûκεСƱһΪûΪԼǵһλؼҩʦ
һĻڸ̨ϵĴУֲͬˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ߲˵ˣħǸؼн׵ĶʦҲ˵ǵؼн׵ҩʦɢĶ
ڵľ治˵ǸǸؼн׵ҩʦô
˿ʱȴǷ֣Ҳһ˼ֱź档
ʱ˱Ǿࡣ
ʦ
š
Īע£صĵ˵ͷʱΧǴһЩСĳ֮Ǽʥʹھ꣬ڶһƬ𺳵ɫ
ĴʳϵΨһһλؼнҩʦ
˳ƽ֣
һֱڹ۲졮ħ̬ĺʹߣͻأվ棬ϯȫ
̨ϵĴ޲ȻĿףΪλ־࣬ƣʥʹȻɣȴҲûҵʲô˿
˱Ϊħƾжѣֲ£ԣʥʹ˵ľ
ֻ˼˺ʥʹһۣȴҲû˵
ףʱʳʥʹڣңϣҲʳˣЩܱ¶̫ˡ
֮ԹУֻΪѣڣЧѾﵽˡ
ߣ
ħһ۸̨һ΢΢ֱ̧ۻķȥû˵ʲǫֱ̂վһԣһĪģ
ţ
һֱҩӵķ΢΢һ㶣ʱЩƲѡ
ԭڱơħʹȫѣ˭֪Ȼ磬ֱ÷Ƶöµ
ӣˣ
ԭѾֿɼ飬ֱңңڣеƿ֪
ϵĻ滺ĵȥǽ̨еĺϣûʣһ˿ջҩԡ
һɢǳšħ˹ȥײǶܿԷе⡣
ԼʵԼħףǰ꣬ԲһͨĵؼҩʦȻɢԼĶԡ
ͬףͶҪҩĶԣǿ϶ֹͨļ򵥣ģãħƺû۳ʵĶȻڵĶԲܻżܿƵ¶
һ˱˴֪һЩԷܡ
ǲ򵥵ˣ
ϧ
ͲһˣȴϣΨ̾Ϣһ
պǻѵģϾҪʥɽˡ
ţƱЩɨһϮۣ˼Լһ㡣
ͻƵؼͿˣ
Ƹ磡
Ůֱ˹
Ǻǡ
ƵֱӾͱĴãҲֳһĨĵЦ⣬̨ſ˫ۡ
ʱӰͬʵһ˹ײ뻳У磬õķ۾
ȻһĻڳѾΣǣÿһζ˼ʵ۾ͨ졣
˾ɫȻһӵǸңѾĻһЩӣ󲿷˶Ҫȥϼš
Ѿģ̫ߵˣ


327 ս
ڣʣһȶˣʮ˫۾ע£̨
һˣˡ
ˣ˼ʮȶδһϣҲˡħһ˵Ҳûаܼ
ǰ꣬ϸп֡
ڻҰ֮ϣһ궯֣ԼǴԿǸʱбһԤУ꣬ΪԼĶ֡
ڴϣ֤һ㡣
ȷһԼΪˣ
һ飬ܴﵽȵĵزһҲڽŵ£ǲ顣
ʵӮ˵ӣĴʥʹҲû˵ھ꣬ҲС
ܸоһУ
ƽ
뵽⣬ǲ˸
һսˡ
ɫϾĳϣǳһЦ⡣
Сӡ
ڨڨһЦʵ˵еˣǵһˡ
ô
΢΢۾ףһװĳһﻹûжá
ǵģһﻹûоȫ
Աؾ
ţƵһĨŹֵЦ⣬ǲ⡣
ҳϣڱķ棬ǿҡ
ķϵĻЦϳ˳ǣţɫһ࣬һɺ𣬡ǣʵϣǾͲһˣ
䣬ƱһֱͻڶĽޣٴͻ࣬ﵽླŻͣ
ȻһֱѹԼΪڶ࣬ڣʵٴη
࣡
ٺ٣Ҳģ
˫һƬ죬ҲһΧĿռ䱻Ӱ죬һۿɼ
Ϊƣȫ¶ȿʼٵõҲЩŤ
⣡
һϱڳһɱϢ

ѸٵͳͣƬһƬƬ˳յҫ£ޱĺ⣬аˡ
أ
˺ݺݵײһ𣬾ŷϯǫ̈̄ϵĵ汻γһĺۼ
أ
̨ϲϵģҵײţ䣬ʯɽ̨Ҳľһɫϡ
ϮʯǱ̨ϻҳ죬ֻܿӰ˸ţʱľʹһЩװ죬õҲΪ֮һһġ
ȭ
ȭ
ʹ˱ؾӳƷԻƳȴƾԼľ磬һȭȭƶ൱
ǿ֪
һֱҵײţһֱ˰ʱͣ
ˣ
˦˦ֱۣͳ˵
Ļȫ˲һ鴤
⻹ô
ǿӿݵֱ̨
սѾܴﵽˡ
ٺ١
Ƶǳ˳飬ɫһɣ
¡¡¡
׾һһصӿȻ쳹˵飬ؾӿõҲЩ΢΢Ķš
٣
һţϵĻ棬ڶϺɫͬҽһš
򣡡
ƺԥıʹ򣬶ʮѹΧĿռ䶼Щ𶯡
Ȼ֪ǣϻǸоܴѹĻ棬ҲЩ¡

һԪ籡ͬһһ㣬ϵĻٴڳϡ
֣
ƺһƱһƬ죬ͨ͸
ĵؼ似֮һ֣
˵ؼ似ܣ¶ȣҲԳܣڴ֮УһڶĶ֣һȭȭͷֱӱ¸ڻ룬¶ȸжߡ
ԣҲɱ֮һ
ȭ
Ƶ֮ڣǱ壬ɫȭͷֱȥؾȻ˳
¡
һ죬쳹ʳǣϣһˣֱӱѪɫԲ԰ס
žһ䲻СĢֱ̨֮𣬽ţͬʮ̨һϯȫ
ŷֱǱ쭷ϯ˳ȥ˿ʮף¶һӣǿͣ
һȻǿ
˦˦Щ۵ֱۣƵھһƬ𺳡
ǰս֮£ռϷ磬ڣȴǱȳ϶ʮ֮ࡣ
ٺ٣
ķƳԿһЦһٴγŷƳ˹
ߣ
һ΢΢룬Ѹٵĳ˳ȥͬһͷһ㣬˶ɡ
¡
ٴεײ̨Ϊ֮ζһѺӶ̨֮ϱǲһͬһѺۡ


328 ؾ
¡
ͬըһ죬쳹ʳǣ߽ԾǵĿ⳯ǱԳȥǼһ쭷ϯһЩ鸡ڰգĵ㣬ֱͬǸƼһ㱻η˳ȥˤµ棬ĸƤ׵³
һˣͬܣپ
һˣͬˣɱһС
ϣԳƽֻǣھϣȴǸ̫߳࣬ԣһֱռϷ硣
̨ϣķƼѹŴĳϣ޲ǳĬȥ
˵ʵڵģһֱΪϲƣǰǣǸƤЦļһʵȴһҲû¡
ǸһﾹȻʵ
ߣƸһҪһ٣
Ůһģ΢ģ̨ϻŰ۵Сȭͷ
һֱʵѹڶ࣬˭Ҳ֪飬ôͻأıҲǾޱȣֻйؾһˣ΢Ц
Ȼֻһ֪

Źؾ˹ֿ֣ûа˿

ؾҲǿĻ񣬿ǫСӣҲѣһ򣬱Ȳ÷ư
ڷƵҩʦݱ¶֮ҲĪڸ̨ϵĴϵУĳֻ£껹ֹǵؼͽҩʦô򵥡
һ뵽ƵĹϵ۾ҲЦ
и֮˰
ϵĸԵһֱͣȻҲȳɾ͡
ⲻڻҰ֮һϰе꣬ȻǸؼҩʦֱϵڱϲ¡
Ǻǡ
ĹؾͶĽĿ⣬ЦһҲǸп֡
˵ȫƾԼѣѧԺûиʲôʵҲǴѡ
ҿǣ
뵽ĿǰƣҲϲЦտĻϲ
ô˴һɳ죡
̨ϵĴУΪƵ츳Ҳǲסĸпš
龳磬Կླֻ½Ҳֻһĳ
ȻҪȥĳЩ
磬ң
ǲóġ

ٺ٣
վס֮󣬳ϺЦʱףͬҽһţһ˫۾ҲǳһƬ˳Զķƣһ֣˶ô
ʲô
⻰Ʋһ飬ˮ˳£۾Ҳ΢΢
֪Сӿ϶к֣
ٴĳϣҲΨпЦ
ǾԿɣ
뵽ţۿ϶ܳܵס
ؾѾٶʮ֮أƱҪﵽʮ֮࣬õķֱĲ
ĿǰԪξͻݽߡ
ͻƾͺˣ
ģƱѾǵ߽׵ٽ㣬ֻһž̤۷徳磬ǿԳһˣ
һ࣬ǻӵԪУǸʱڵԪǻᱩһͲûԪˡ
Ǿͳһ°ɣ
һһԪӿ𣬷ĳϾۼš
¡¡¡
װ죬ڱŷ˳Ԫٵӿ룬õҲǲסĶţΪˣһƬƬƬҲ΢΢ſƬ֮£һѪⱩ͹𣬺Ǻˡ
ǰ
ʱĳϣ΢΢ӣѾͨһƬµ̨ҲһƬ죬Ȼڻҽһ㡣
ߣ
Ӳĳ鶯ţһ壬ǳ˳ȥ׹Я֮ƣǸͨȭͷӭȥ
¡
캳صľ죬ȭͷ֮Ȼ磬ͬһѰѷĵУϯܣǴأγһɲۣǵɫҲͬǲһƺʱпһ㡣
ɢȥ˽ȭͷɵһ𣬾ϵıųǣȴǱƵȴһĺۼ
Եģƴʱơ
ǰ
ĺ˳һ˫ӣѪ˿ܲһ㡣
أ
ĺر׾ȻͬХһڱӿ
ţ
ǿɫһһҧҲǿһʱһɳӿȭͷ籡˳ȥķڻ֮С
¡¡
װ죬ȭͷ֮䲻ϵıŷһ̣˾Ȼֲˡ
Ȼסˣ
˶ǾȻû뵽ƾȻеƣʱؾȴõվͬһˡ
ֻǣԳľ磬ƾ㽩֣ĻǷơ


329 ǿһ
ʱ̨ϣˣȻƾˡ
Ӱ˶Ǿþò
̫ˣ
ܣѾԽླ磡
ǣһʱ󣬷ƵƱ¶˳ˡ
󾢲㣡
ھϱѹˣ
ƾԪٴνķѹĵ
Ƹ磡
Ůǿһ󷢽ؾҲһء
ƣȻȵƣδ
꣬п
̫ͣȻӮľ
ʥʹһ˫ھâ˸һڵľ档
ǰ
˵ͷ㻹Ǻܺƿģ΢΢Уֵٸһʱ䣬ϾͲĶˡ
ǣǾͲһˡ
ʥʹһۣСͻĻǻѹƵġ
ٺ٣ô
ЦһΪϷʵĵʥʹǷƵһˣ
ָȻǷƵĵؼнҩʦݣ

ʥʹ΢΢˳飬ûз
ЦؼнҩʦĵλֱӾ൱һĴڣһܱȵģ
ϵĲ࣬޷Խġ
Ҫˣ
ķѾϱƵˣɫҲʱ־ˡ

ɯɯ
£ϳĺۼƵĽŲѾ̨ĵذ֮УʱѾʮҵľ룬̨ıԵҲͶʮˡ
ȻһҪƱƳ̨֮⣡
ѽǣ
ٴαһһɾٴαŷֱӾͽҵľ룬̨ıԵľһء
ȥɣٺ٣
ǣƺǵ⣬Ųһֱǰš
ߣ
һܾԪԽתԽ죬ѾǴﵽٽĽˡ
ͻư
ż
ƺĵ棬תԪ͵һ٣ţǱһҫ۵ǿ
䣡
һըڴ˳ʱǸоһȵԪ˳
ͻˣ
Ѿ۷ˣ
ţ
ǹ΢΢һ㶣ǸоӷƵȭͷϣٴӿһһľ
һ䣬Ǳƻȥ֮߰Զ
ͻˣ
һ
꣬ǰʱ򣬲Ǹͻףʱ䣬ͻƵнףڣٹ£ǷٵĽ۷ˡ
Ҳ˵·̣Żʱѣһһױ
꣡
дͻͻƣȴͻˣеĹǹһ
飡
߳ȻӰĵ˿ȥ
⣡
ʮӽ̨ıԵƲɲס˽Ÿ
ٺ٣
ȵԪֿǡ
֪֮Լƣ϶ģϵƣͻޡ
ã֮ǰͻˡ
ͻƣͿȥɡ
ô£
ͻȻͣõٴγһ
ͻˣ
۷壬һ۱ǸһЩ˿˳
ԭˡ
ڷƵͻƣǵûжľȡ
ϾѾôˣͻһСףʲôأ
ǴʱֱͻƵһ࣬Ƕûʲô׵ġ
ûʲôܵģңʵڵؼнҩʦ⻷֮£Եôİ޹ˡ
Ƹ
Ų̊½лھ˷֮ɫ
̬һȻѾͻƣϳûжƣ

꣡һ
ķĨ⣬Ͼ֪ôˣǳ˳飬ȵóȫһжʤ
֪ƻǿһУԣԼܲܿסܣǾʹԼԶ޷ʤˡ
ٺ٣⣡
ƺЦһһ죬޷桯ϣϢҲһ˲֮ڱ
ţһɼ޵ϣϵ޷ԶڵĳƮ죬ʮ㡣
ǰ
ҲǱһһɼ䱩ŰϢƶ𣬻ϣֱӽ̨ڣo£ͬҽŨĻ棬һ˫ӣ͸
һֱţӱǶƺڳܾ޴ѹһ㣬һգ
ĺ̨֮ϵĻ𺣣ƺܵĳٻһ㣬ĳӿ˹ȥ
ǣЩ沢ûӿ֮ڣǳֻƾۼ˹ȥ
꣡
ûжʱ̨ϵĻ棬ȫֻ֮ϣģֻ֮ϵĻ棬Ȼֳ죬ϣڣɫ


330 ʤ
ն
֣
һµ磬ͬӾ֮£һеĺڰĽҲܻ룬ɭ˵顣
һֻɺ죬ϣڣɫ϶ɵƣǳ֣ΧĿռǿʼȼ˾ϯȫõ˵߱ļΪŤ
ѾóĵƣֻһУҪֳʤ
¡
һ˫˫㵵Ŀע£ײһ𣬷ͨ쳹صը죬ʳǣһƬ֮þδɢ
쭷ϯ̨ܵǵϣҲͬһ㴵ͳһԲ״ƺʱпܱ飬˽һˡ
¡¡¡
꣡
̨֮ϣ쭷粻ϣ첻ϣһɫ磬ֱֱ£ն뵽ɫ֮У֮һǱס
磬ҪɫնϣɫƣҪû֮䣬ȻٴεĽ
µսռҲΪ֮һۿɼ̶첻ϵõĳϴ˶˶䡣
쭷ƺڿǲϵǿһ㣬һһõϾǲһš
ֳ֡޷桯˫ձѹ˫ۣ΢΢ĶţƺڳĪĳһ㡣
۸߸ߵ¡װڲϵ쳹ţؽҧھһƬ壬ƶСĺΣղϵĻ䡣
Ѿ㾡ȫˡ
һߵĳϣϵĻƺҲȷҪɵĶֻ࣬ǣʱ鶯ڸˣʵҲôûѹ
ƣɫ״ƺҪսһ㣬ֻǣȴʲôˡ
һУҲȫǹ䵽ֻ֮ϣླΪҲֻ˶ѡ
սڳţȫ쭷Х̨ϵ죬ûˡ
˶ǽŵĿֻɫƣƺҲȥ
ʤҪһ֮зֳˡ

˵츳Ǿ֮ţǸʤͻƵһ࣬ⳡȶûˣڣעҪ䣡
ڳϿ¾ն֮󣬺ʥʹԼжϡ
ǰ̫Զˡ
пһھǾâ˵ɫ棬У²ͨ似˰ɣ
ţؼ
ʥʹ֮עųϵı仯Ϊƽ˵ţԾΪãϧޣڻɽشܻܱ
š
΢ĵ˵ͷѾƣʱ־ˡ

¡¡¡
꣡
ڽţϵҲЩˣӲסĳ鴤ţһɫͨ졣
Ƹǲ
Ѿ˽ƣĵزˣڵԪһһȫʧɾֻʣһտˡ
һԪҲ˳ȥ֮ڣ

ͬˮһ죬ͬȪѾɿݵأʱ䣬ڵԪٴεĳӯ
Ȼܣ
ܵûие⡣
Ͼ£Ҳһˡ
ǣ
û˿ԥģȻһڵԪĶӿۣӡ޷桯֮ϱŷ˳ȥ

ţѾǲ챻ɫǵɫ磬ͻأıǱһҫ۵ǿڳϾ㵵Ŀ£ֱӾͽֻƻ룬նµأ̨һ׵ѷ죬̨ն롣
꣡
ǿնƣ͸ǵɭâûлعۿҪ
㰡
Ҳû취סϾǻҡ
أ
Ӱһһ˲䣬ʥʹǳڳǰһֱֻۣâ£һץһ촫ֻ΢΢һ׺Ҳû¡
Ϊֲ˹
һУŻûķƺһЦһǷ˸̨

˶̱ڵأڴڵĴϢţڣһڡ
һ֣ʤ
棬˴δȱĻ
ھȻĴˣƣħǵһ˶ڣǣȴû˾òףУھʵǷơ
ϾĹ⻷ʵ̫ˡ
龳磬еҲУ˭Ҳ֪ģһ̫ˡ
ԭѾݽߵĺ󾢣
Уؼҩʦݣһݣǽֱߵ㡣
ϣֻǰڷ롮ħУȻеڶҲ֮һԽͯ壡
Ѿ˽ʥɽʸ񣬴սʹ佱֮󣬺ʥʹǻǰȥ


331 Ƥ
ȽˣֵڴģɾǷˡ
Ѿﵽ˹ֲľأͻڣôһ
ǰ;
δȣȷˣ
Ĵʳ
һ漣һ漣꣬漣

ιһ㵽ôģ
һˣһһֱڷ󲻶ϵѯš
оԼ̫ԩˣԼһྐྵȻȲһ飬̫ˣ벻ͨǣƵĺ󾢣Ǵģ
˵ˣҲ
\һݺݵĹһۣҪԣ
꣡
ǳ˳飬æ˿ȥ
ƵĽͣ˵ĪĲģҲ
ʲôͣ
϶ĺ֣ȻǲģһԹĸõŮȵʱҲûС
Ҳƣܵ£˵˭ţ
Ƹ˵ġ
ŷ۵С죬ҲƽţٳӣϴѧԺڣƸҲôӰġ

ŮĽͣõĳٴγ鴤þ˵
⻹ǵһˣ
棬⵽˭
ÿζҲ̫˰ɣѹˣ˭Ķ֣
ҳȥһˡ
һַۣǷĴŮ˵š
š
Ůɵĵͷӵࡣ
߳Ժ䣬ĳƤˣûиһ˶ǽǻȦȦȥˡ
Ż棬δڻɽ
жô飬ɽ˶ǲԲûûһ㣬ʵеޱȵľɥ
£ңңˡ
£Ժתţһ䣬ǿɽ
һС֮£׵¹ϣΪǵӣһգϵĲ£Ǳϣǰĺޱ顣
꣡ˣ
ԼⶼС꣬ѾɳһԼ߲ʵλˡ
Ǹ߰ģȴԼһεͷ
ԶԶģǻϢŮӣͻȻһʹ
һθоʹ
߽ĽŲӰ΢΢һϵ˾ָֻǸģ
Ǻǡ
ͷҪοĻű֮ȴôҲ˵ˡ
Ұˣһԭ򡣡
߽һ׷Χͣͷϵ£пʵǵ츳̫ˣ
ȷ츳˶ǲرǳϣڷƵϣΪǲǿô
㻹𣿡
һֱڶߴߴ˵ͣӰϣƤЦݣһ򲻳ĳʵ

ԭΪԼɽ˭֪һڨڨһЦ
ߣ
ӰһվһԺȥ
ȵȣ
ϼ˽еһǰֱͲܹһλô
ɫࡣ
һĶ֪ҲĻˣȡ
ƾʲôҪᣡ
ӰĿ΢΢Щŭ
ǵһҶԼ˵ӣ
һĳϣǿѾ̵ģ΢΢һЩ
꣡
Ϊƽеһɺƶԥ־ͳǰӻȥ
أ
һֻ֣СģǰĹ˵ѡ
еı壬ɵһ
飡
ƱץסһĨ糺ڼĳĨĵ֮һŭһֻ֣һƣֱĴĳеţĴ˸ģԵ
Կ֮ĳбһڣӰӲǱûƢ
û취򲻹å
㵽Ҫô
ӰһŭĿǰƤļһʵˡ
ǣһֱûз֣ڵԼǰǸԼô
Ѿȫʧȥ˷ִ磬֪ϻôƤˣпܣĺ볯ĳЦϺ߼š
ٺ٣Ҹᡣ
ĳкٺһЦǲ⡣
ܣ
Ӱɫһ壬
Ǿû취ˡ
ĳк޳ܵʼ磬Цſ
㣡
Ӱֱţȴһ취ҲûУ޺޵Ķ˼ţһתǡ
ʲô
һתĳб׷ʵ
㳬Ȼߣ
仰Ѿʯ˵ĳˣӰһĨɫǳһ·ȥ
ãϲǻعһ·׷ʣӰզ
һ·ϣĳ˵ЦĳŮ仵Īþδɢ


332 ̽
ķЯŮ߳˶ǿĺкȫһ⣬ȥ˴ϣĹһȦֱŮˣƲ˴³ԵϢ
ϾŮҪʥɽҪİ
³Դʦľɾģ
һСӣΪʵ
ǣ
Сɨ˷һǼŮɫ֮ò֮ھһƬޣãŻعѵǷƴˣ
ڻʳǻ˭ֵ֪ģ
ȵĹھؼҩʦ⻷õԶɫŮ飬ԣŻôɡ
ǰɡ
Сǻȵĳݣӳ˳飬ڨڨӦһ
ĸоõܲϰߡ
ΣõŮһĵĽЦ
ǰ껹ûʶԼѾ˺ֵĵزңҲδˣȻǵͷˡ
ˣһǲʲô³ġ
ţСӱǼΪĴŷˣһԺȺ
ǻʳȨľס֮ˡ
һֱߣԺ³Դʦľɾӡ
СָԷ˵ţڣһֱûȴ
л
ƳƵһЦ֣óһ侧УŮƬסլȥ
ʦر𡣡
еľӨ͸侧СӵૣĿУһҩʦǶһ߸ϵģؼҩʦ꣬ȴ˵׺ֲͣʵĴ
һ·¹⣬Ʊǿһϵׯ԰飬³ӡ
³Դʦͦζһˡ
Χׯ԰ǶһƬݻװΣſڶʮţ׳վɣ³ԵľӴһƬׯ԰֮УԵʮֵĺˡ
ӵԺ䣬ҲûװιˣϾɣſΧǽ̦ӲΧׯ԰Եø롣
Ƹ磬ʲô
ɨһСԴɻʵ
Ǻǣˣ
ƳһЦŮǰȥ
ˣ
ã涼û졣
Ƹ磬Ӧûס˰ɣ
ⶼѾĴţ̨̦Ӳݣɵʵ

ǳ˳飬̧֣ص˼ΣٲţҾˣ
䣬űǱˡ
ģȻ³ˡ
ôͻأĳ֣ҲõŮ΢΢һ֮ʱ翴һ嫺һ㣬ޱ޼ʣɴ⣬Լվǰͬһ㣬ʱܻᱻ
еõһ˿ķ֮
̫ˡ
ʦˡ
ֻǵһŮ³ԵĿǷ˷ϣ˳ΪӲӣǿ˵š
е£ٺ١
ƺЦһǿǰ棬˵Ҳô
˵
³ÿˣԺȥ
Ů߱߹۲Χɲ߶ԷƵĳƺҲеʮֵĲ⣬ֻǣڶԷƵΣ˲ûʳ
ҲΪҩʦݰɡ
ׯ԰ڣõĵǺΪ£еȫУЩ滨ݣȱ˵ĴȴǱһģΪʯ·ŮΪ˴ˡ

ڣǱʰΪɾ³Կһ˱Ǹ¡
мҪ鷳³ϡ
΢Ц˵
Ŷ
³һʦ뽲
⻰˵ĺΪţƺʳ֮Уû첻һ㡣
Ҳȷ
Ǻǣġ
ǣƽǽԼ˵һ顣
û⣡
³ֱӱǺԥĴӦ
ĸɴ䣬õŮһ¡
ʥɽѵô򵥵ô
ʥɽʳʥأҪ룬ǱضǧѣǾԵܽ룬Ѱ˵һңɼ롣
ߵĿУƺǿ˵仰ǰļ򵥡
˭
ŮЩˣסһ˵ԺУ϶Ǻ֮ˣǻ֮ˣҲûǸȨĴ˽ʥɽ
ˣǾͶл³ˡ
Ҳû˿⣬³Թ˹֣վǾ͸ˡ
ţմʦֱӴʹˡ
³Ե˵ͷҲվͳԺӣǳŻʹķȥ

Ƹ磬Ǹ³ʲôѽ
ߵ·ڣ׷ʵ
ͬʱҲһɫĿ
Ǻǡ
ЦһΪصĵǽʥɽˡ
ᣡ
˽ͣŮ϶׷һ󴷴һ·ϣ˵ĻЦ֮


333 ôǴʦĶ֣
̻Ի͵Ĵ֮ڣ뺶ʥʹԶƣ࣬ʥʹǻʳλھҲڴԡ
ɫǲÿҲһɬ
֮ϣǿˡħƣϣ˱֮ʥʹɫһֱûкתǾȻսҲûˡ
Ǹһϵˡ
λʥʹ֪ˣ֮󣬱ضΪʳĴڣ
һδȣˣǲ硣
ʣεĴѡԺΪˡ
뺶ʥʹʣһˬ̸Ц䣬ʱķһ󳩿Ц⡣
ʱһŽ׵˽

ǰȭе
ţ
ϵЦһգʵ£
ţ߶һɫһվ
λʧһ¡
˵꣬ǼҴҵĳŴȥƺв˵Ĵ·һ㡣
˲ûʲôһټĻʳż£
˴ǳ鷿첽ȥ
³Դʦ
ǰǵ෢ߵӰЩĻ

³Էеӣתɫ΢Ż
ʦʲôʱػʳǵģ
ǺԼãŽƽһԵϣʵ
жʱˡ
³˵ţֵмҪл
ʦ˵ǡ
ˬĵ
ǰߣǱǺʳһȻҪȫ㡣
ģʥɽ
³ҲǺ˵ţƺʥɽԷȲôļ򵥣⡣

һ㶡
˿ǴδעⷽĶ̬ôȴΪר̴Ӿ۰Ǹϵ˻ʳ˭Ǹǿˣ
˼䣬뵽ϴھ۰ǳϣǸΪƷٵ֡
ѵô
һ뵽ʥɽĹأ㲻ɵüͷ
ҪʥɽƱǧѣû츳ǻҲûʸ룬Ϊʥɽڲӹţ
ô
þò³ɫһࡣ
ǺǣʦΪʥɽĳϣȻȨ
Цһڨڨĵ
Ϊ֮һ³ԣ۹ȻӹţҪ֮ʥɽҲǿԵġ
ߣС˵˵˵Ҫʥɽģ
³һղдõֵֽݸ
ǣ
ͷӹֽɣΪϤ֣ôǣ
ԭΪ϶кƷ˵ģ˭֪Ȼʧˡ
ʦôʶǣ
㶣ʵ
ΪߵĽˣԣǼˣرͻȻ˵Ůǰ٣һһŮӣȻһΪܻڶ࣬ǿߣ⻹һڰ
Ȼ츳ģǣԵҲֵһᣬҲ̫
ô
³ԱһҪģ۾
ʦᣬֻһǺϤѡ
æ͵΢΢˳顣
ϼһƢ˵ͷģһҲûġ
Ϥ
³ԶûгԺӣԣҲǺҲɻĿ
Ǻǣġ
΢΢һЦŮӣȹھ֮һλ֪ԣҵǻǵá
ȹھô
³΢΢һ㶣֪Ʋ龳ΪңǰǴʦôõĵھأ
ǣ飬ɲ˵ѣҲ˵ƣȷѾǴȵĹھ
벻ȻƾԼõ˹ھ
Ҳпһ΢΢ȻΪηֻҪˡ
һ飬ӵкεȵĵ֮ѹȺۣһٶ
ʱЩԼûȥۿȡ
ȵȣھ֮һ
ţɻĿ
Ǻǣġ
һͣĴȵŵ˵һ顣
ħһؼʦôǴʦĶ֣
һħȻƶƽ֣³ֱӾ۾ĺǳǸСûԴôʦôܶһСӣ
Ƿ߿ʥʹȻƽ֡
켶ؼܱȵô

³Īŭȴɵˣƺ˾ŭЩʲô
ǻһ
ʦһؼʦôĶ֣
һ𾪵Ŀ³ԣھǾ֮ɫ


334 ǰ˶
д
³ԽԽһƱĴһԵļľϣ±һӡȵȥǸСӹҪ
ƢһֱӱǷˡ
һ켶ҩʦݣ߹֪ڣʥʹȴǽһؼʦͬһϣⲻô
켶ҩʦϣǾԲݼ̤ģ
һʳǾǳܲŭ
Ÿʲôȥ
һͣ³ŭһõ鷿зë
Һˣǻ治࣬ߣ֮һ
ϹûһǺźģ
ʦϢŭ
Ӳ˲ŭ֮л
ģƺµһЩʲô³ƺǲѡ
ʦʱΪʳʥʹڳʥʹΪڸʵԲƽ֡
ʵĽ͵
ΪڸǾ˵ƽôΪʲôǸħС䣿
³ֱĽš
⡭
г鴤ţĳ棬Ƿƻƣֻǣ³ԾȻôƣͨͨĿ
ֻһͨĵؼҩʦϼһԲôΪʦ
Ҳ˵ܣƻֹǵؼнô򵥡
ؼ߽ô
߷Χˡ
켶
Цôֿأ
ֱǽֿԸˡ
һ뵽ƾȻһλؼ߽׵ҩʦĺʱͼ
ʥɽҲһλؼн׵ҩʦѣ
ؼ߽׵ģԻǵһλ
ѹϼһﾹȻôǸ꣬Ʋһۡ
Ȼ³ԾĽ˷ơ
ˣûôôµģ
³أԻŭţ伫˿棬ѾϰƢˡ
˵ģźʳġ
ʦʱҲûзԡ
ֻôӲͷƤ˵ˡ
ûзԣ
³һ㶣ŭ𻺻ĳҲǣԼʱҲûбʾκεĲˬ֮⣬ȻҲûжʾ⡣
ѵʦҪݣ
һȴǲ¶ɫа죬Լûֱڿ죬˵Ʊ鷳᲻С
ߣ
³ԺһֵˣһͬȥʥɽСӲԸȥҪң
ǣ
ĴӦ
³û˵ʲôһ˦䣬ƮȻȥ˲䣬ǲټ

˿˳̾ϢһڣһĨǣҲ֪ľɴˡ
λǿܴ֮һֱţܲ
ɵð
ǣԴҲ޿κΣ켶ҩʦʳûʸ˼ҳ֡
ף
һһԺһѵ۰ǵĺƷ٣ǷƣƷ٣ƣѵ
Ƶ֣õֱӱܶ϶Ǹ۰ǳֵĺƷ٣ڵƣ
ݾ۰ǳۣƷ³ߵĺܽң³ԻΪ֮Ʒֵ֤Ʒ٣϶ǻвΪ֪ܣܣ³ȴ֪
ؼ߽ҩʦ
ܿ϶ˣ
뵽⣬ɵĵһ֮ڣһƬ˼ɫ
츳龳ܱ۷塣
ؼ߽ҩʦݣΪʳĵһҩʦ
ھ۰ǣȻһλؼʯʦҸ˵ؼ߽ףӵлĹͫʯҴˣ
ⲻ˵ٻһλؼ۷ʯʦô
ˣ
꣡
ڳ鴤ţҲ΢΢Ĳţϣһɫ
꣡ײˣ
ܿ϶츳ƣһΪʳĵһˣ
ʥʹ߽ǼģʱЩ⡣

ǻع

ƽһȥʵʥʹǡ
ȥϢˣٺ٣
ʥʹٺһЦϾǵ⡣
Ȼδ˵ü
Ŷ
ӦһҲǹһĨ΢Цֵˣм¡
˵ţСֽݸʥʹ
ʲô
ʥʹһ㶣ȻִǺˡ
ղ³Դʦ˵Ҫʥʹ
ʵ˵
³Դʦ³ϣ
ʥʹһ𾪵Ŀ
û
˵ͷ³Դʦ˵ռӴˡ
⡭
ʥʹʱЩΪˣüͷһ
Ǻǣʥʹģˣᱻʥɽģڣǰ˶ѣ
ΪصһЦõĺʥʹʱԺ


335 
峿ʵ˵ƽߣɢҫ۵Ĺԣů硣

ϵ滺ȥƳһڵǲŻ۾
ʦ𣬻ûô
Ѿ¹ȥˣû˿ķӦ÷ȻѣҪʥɽˣҲû˿ϲá
֪ûзϣԼʲôǣһ쾧ҲòûˣԼһӶгͷ֮ա
ˣԼʵԼһϵ
ڣΪ⿪ţȴԼ˳˯Уޱȵ
ʥɽһҪȥûⷽļ¼
뵽ˣǶʥɽһУڴ
´ϴˢһһ˳ȥ
Ƹ磡
ŮҲǸպôӸԵķ˳һķƣŮ֮ϣų۵Ц⡣
Ǻǡ
Ůһˮһ޶ˣЦƵǱã¶һĨĵ΢Ц
ٺ٣
һˬĴ˹ģҪж⣬ƺ׬˶ıһ㡣
ô
һֱĿԼж񺮣ûĺȵ
ٺ٣ûʲô
ɨһƣϱǺЦһչͷһ˵ô

һű˳ȥû
ٺ٣ôС
һ㿪һƤЦֱĳɽӷ߳ϵЦһ࣬˫һתȥ˼תͷһ̬֮ŷƳ˵һȵģ
˵꣬ǿ첽ȥһɪıӰ
Ƹ磬̸粡ô
˫Ĵ۾ɻʵ
Ҳɡ
һǱɫЩ̫ȻӰһۣƵ¶һĨŹֵЦ⡣
ʦ
һЦĳӰȥȻסһֻҡҡ

ƺƵӿٵĳ鶯˼Σбһ
һҪƺĵ
һ߳СԺӣ˶վȺˣļҲվ
ϡ
ǰȥһЦ⣬Ļ
ãã
ǰ꣬ͻȻ֪˵ʲôˣڣǼЩʡ
꣬Ľ۷塣
ԼϢȥʱ򣬸ǻĺ䶯
ȹھ
ԼȻһھ
úŬ
ķƵļ
ţһģ
Ƶ˵ͷصĵ
ȥɣ
ÿ·
үͣ
ǵڣһƬȵĳݡ
꣬ǵżңɼĿꡣ
ǺǣǼ͡
룬óָϣǧ侧һѧԺһ뽻Ҹף
⡭
ĿһҲǲĽ⣬ҾͺƤˣģһ͵㸸ϵģ
ڶʯڼķƵ֮ǲǷƻȱ侧á
ʵ̫ˣ
Ǻǣлϡ
ЦһŻ˹֣ǳһԻӰ˵ʲôˡ
š
ӦһӰ˵ǳŷ˹
ǡ
һ㶣ɻʵ
˶ǲǽʹӣֻнʥɽļ˲ȥڣȴǴʲô
Ǻǣ˵ˣҲѾʥɽˣԣҪһͬȥʹˣ㣬Ҫͻתǵļˡ
һЦ˵š
ʲô
ˣȫʯ״̬˽ĿɿڴĿһ΢ЦŮ
ȻĻ
ؾп
շ˳ȥһˣǵ֪ôʱ䣬ȻȥҪʥɽ
ʲô£ΰ쵽ģ
ʥɽʱ˺ҪˣǷƴʱֳܼ츳Ҳ˵Ŀݳ
ðɣǾˣ˵ʣʥɽҲǳ£ЩԵòôˡ
λˡ
˳˹˹֣ǾĪע£߳ԺӣŻʹȥ
ȵң
Ϻܿͻعĳɽ˻֣˼ͣǳŷ׷ȥ
⡭
ĻѣӶ˵
ΣȻ˱ѡʥɽ
ϲϲ
ؾӦŻ֡

Ц۾ˣֿ죬ǴЦޱȡ


336 Ϣ
һ·ڶĽ㵵Ŀ£˻ʹ֮ǰ˵֣һʼһǴ߽˻ʹ֮ڡ
һ·ϣǼʶʲôŽݻ
ʹռǧﷶΧ¥ʣգ岽ʮܿһ¥
ȻػۣͻܽǼʣ
¥ζ˴˻Ӧҽṹβ䣬ɹ£ӣ䷿ˮУŲ֪ǧ
źԣͬһ̾Щ˹֮ϣ缴Ҫһ㣬ư磬׳ޱȡ
¥ŵƣ߸ߵ͵ͣЩ¥ȺУʼһ·˶Ҳͨĵ·
һʱһ̻Ի͵Ĵǳǰ
ǰĹΰ׳ףյҫ£ҫ۵Ĺâõ˲ֱӡ߽ڵʱ򣬱Ǽħ㣬ͯ壬˱ѾվȺˣ뺶ʥʹվڸߵ֮ϡ
˽Ƕ΢΢Щ죬ŮȻϤѾ̭˰ô˿̾Ȼ⣿
Ȼɻ󣬵ҲûʳĬĬվȴ
Ůһ𣬺ʥʹ˼ĵ˵ͷƺЩʲôһƽ䣬ˡ
ˡ
˵ҲʹѾѡʥɽˣ
仰ˡħƣ˺Щ٣ɫ΢΢ЩǺ죬ŮȻ
ʥɽʲôͲҪ˵˰ɣ
ǵɫΪ⣬ɫ΢΢Ż
ʥɽǾһʳĵڣҲһʳĻֻҪʥɽδ壬ǾʹʳжɽĻᡣ
෴ģʥɽˣʳߵ˾ͷˡ
һʳǿҪʥɽʵ
ܽʥɽǾҺʳľӢҲҺʳδϣʳǷǿʢǾҪǵδĳɾˣ
һóǧ侧ֱݸ롮ħٸ˳ϰ˰٣ֵСӺϲ£죬ͯҲ١
Ů㣬ǶѡģȻû侧ļν
һУ򺶽ʥʹͶһ

ʥʹޱ飬ɨһۣǳųŵȥһ˱æϡ
˵⣬ʥʹ˵ͷŵɣ
ţƱǷԼһˣҲķ
ৣ
ʥʹЯˣֱӳ˲ûƲټ
ЩСӡ
ջĿ⣬˿¶һĨЦ⡣
ΣʳǴհ

º󣬻ǻص
żıըϢֱӽɵˡ
ţΪϢһƬ֮У켸ҹҲûͣȥһƬŵƽʵĳ棬˶ϲ
һϢȻڴģƷ֮
ȥ⣬ôһȽף㾳˸ߣҲеһȵĸо
ԭƷףҲûжܵģǣΪһƣһ漣꣬ԣ˶ǶԴ˱һϣ
˵ˣһСƷҲûʲôɣ
еƷĳɼҲй¼ġ
ǣȴ˸޷ţ
ߵƷ
ûѧԺԺ׿ǾǸߵƷ
ôһϢͷﶼǺһһƬУʱᰵ֪ʱҲĿɿڴʱûлع
ѾǸߵƷˣ
һ㣡
ʵߣȻǸ漣괴ġ
ݻ˵һˣĸֱӽ뵽۷λá
˾ȻǸƽӹ꣬Ѿﵽȵĵزô
˵һ˼ǣǸ꣬϶ͻƵھ磡
ǣϢȡɼʱ򣬷Ʋнס
ˣһнףΰ쵽ģ
Ҫ֪ЩߵѰУǶȻţȫڼģһ飬ʮڣ
ǣˣľ磬ڼǿߵţõǲս
޲ǵһʮѾҲҪµĵزô
ֲ̫ˣ
Ȼ˶Ϊ֮ңôһԼ֮ڡ
ȵǷӦ뵽ΪλʸΪߵģ

ж͵һ
Լ֮ڣȻһλ


337 
һըԵϢһ˱֪ڴ֮ڵĳɼˡ
Ͼߵˣ˵ģǰһ٣ǰʮǶӦûɣ
ţΪĵϢǴӻд˳
ȹھ
ǵģǸ漣꣬ڻʳ֮ϣȺۣ˿ף
ҵţ
Ȼ˹ھΪʳһĵһˣ
Ȼûм˿ǰĳ棬ǣǿǾһ
˲п
룬֮ǰǣһӹţͽѣʱ䣬˴ʦ˵ʱһŵӰ
ڣʱ䣬ǳΪʳǣ
һ漣¼һ漣дһ̣
˹ھǾǴǸ漣꣬Ѿ뵽˻ʳʥأʥɽˣ
һ뵽˶ȡ
뵽ʥɽˣǾǻΪģңл̸ߵľ磡
˽ʥɽˣ
ʷǰģǸ꣬ǵһ
ţһϢˡ
Ǹλ֪Ůѡʥɽˣ
Ҳ˵һȥʮˣ˱ѡʥɽ
ſʼʼ٣û֪˾αѡʥɽģǣɱģǾǸ곶Ϲϵ
㣬˶ܿ϶
˷֪Ϣ֮ϾǿЦ
Լ۹ⰡԼŮʧȥҸ˵ǲ֮֡
ϡܻǸվԼǰ˵Ρ
˵ӹţ
ʱԼмһˣº֤Լʳ
ˣӹô
ǣǣϻô
үӵõϢЦ˰ʱͣ£һ˫Ứ쿪ۣҲǸп֡
ôϢֱӾͽںʳڵĸָıˡ
֮
˱ѡʥɽǶԿߵҲ˾Եĵ
ºңңȻֱפ

֮ڣ᰹ڶȨģֻˣᰣ죬ۡ
ڻһϣڵ˾þδܻع֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ

쳤ЦϾһҾ֪СǺģ
룬ȡ˴ȵĹھǾԼҲĶˡ
ȥϲȥˡ
˵ţվ
ȵȡ
Ҳվĺ˿ŵһͬǰȥɡ
š
˶ǵ˵ͷ
ţһȨԻΪףƺƵĳŷ縮ȥ˷׷׾ȻȻϢûйǣ˶֪϶˴ˡ
ǻΪףҵĻֱӱǴЩȨǽ뵽˷ҵĴ
ʱŷԪ糾ڴڳţͨˡ
֣ϲ
᰻û˵ǿһ˵ˡ
ô
һϲɫǸпֵ飬糾һ֪϶ȳˣҲЩ
Сӣ֮õ˹ھ
ӻУֱӾͶըһϢõķ糾ŷԪף˶ֱ˴״̬ڣһƬ˼ɫ
ϲˣ
ᰴһ⣬ǰŷ糾˹֣ǻع
ͬϲͬϲ
糾ˣΪʲôˣˡ
һȨһߣ
ԼĶӣгϢˣ
ӹţ֤ˣ
֣οҪúõˣҲˣһҪƳϼ²Żˣ
ô˵ţȴĽ
Ķӣ˭İ
ӦõӦõġ
糾ҲЦݣͷӦ
ڻٴνľ˵һ֮󣬴ڶһƬ֮رǷ㣬ϣħ򶷣õľѡ
ЩȨ֪ԭƻһؼҩʦҲѹֿҩʦ᳤һֱ縮ˡ
ʱ˹һбʡ
ΣֹǷƱѡʥɽ⻹ˡ
ڴ֮ϲû˵ôһ˵˵ĺıǱ˹
Ŷбˣ
糾΢΢һʵ
ţʥɽѡ룬ǣ
ôһ˵˶ЩȻ
Ͼ˵ĹϵѾʣ˶֪
ǣ֮ǰһôһ϶㣬˶֪
һԶŮһֱԼĸ飬ȻʯͷԼĽš
ң糾ҲͲƽˣϾ綼׼ҵġ
ǷҴġ
˵ţǽһöװǧ侧Ľָݸ糾
ǡ
ֻһۣ糾ֱӾɵˣָȫ侧ģӨ͸õֱӾͻز
֣һöӰ
пޱĽ
ǧ侧÷ҿٵˣ
˺Ұ縮ڣ糾򱻷ΪҲ¡


338 ʥɽ
һ·϶ɺʥʹ죬ǴУ磬Χε죬ǺʥʹһϣǾпͷˡ
ٶȣҲǾʱһɽ֮С
ˣ
䵽һɽһʯ֮ϣʥʹת˵Һʥɽ
˵䣬ҲİȻ
Ҫǿ½վȽŸǾԲһ׵飬⣬ǺʳվȽŸĸڡ
Ƶվԭأܡ
ΧɽɽɿΨǰȴһ봦γɽ֮ƣǿ
ֻվΧռõˬĺҲΪ֮һᡣ
ǿ鲻ɶõıأ
ŨԪĸпڷһЩϲ⡣
Ҫ֮
Ʊػõ°빦Чңпﻹô򵥡
ɽһ˫һЩɫǰȥ˼ĵ˵ͷûʲô
ţһѪ棬סԺǵƣʱҪϣȻִӷɱǿԹˣ
ʥʹóһָСƣһ˷һ
ԣ˶ǺܿĵһѪϣǣѪûл䣬뵽֮γһѪɫġ֡
룬ӦþǴźʳ
ʧô죿
ƿãĵһĺʥʹɭ񣬲Ծӡ
ֻһΣѵ˻ܻô
Դ֮ţҲǳ
Ͼʥɽڵʵ̫ˣɶѳɶѵģȱȳϻš
˻شõ˶ֱӽ˽ָڣƺһСľŪһ㡣
ˣɡ
ǽŵɫʥʹϲźۼһĨ⣬һǳȥ
߽ɽ֮ڣ鷢ˡ
棬һһ㡣
һƬʣûһ˿ɽˮ滨ĵ׺ĴһԹŴգһԺ䣬ҵڸش⣬ǰľһԴ֮һ㡣
õطȻǺõط
ͷȴ棬ȴɽˮ㣬֮أõķƸп
ѧôɣ
ôһĪĻʥʹ𣬲ټ
Ī֮ʣһЩӰֶǰԶ翴ϡһĹۿǡ
δȾȻѡˣ
߸ˣЩƺΪ⣬ƺ´δйһ㡣
ε˲ôʵһ㣬Ǵǰô
ɨһۼˣǸţʾɡ
Ӧþǹھ˰ɣ
һҲΪӣָųϣ㣬ͯ壬˵ţϵİɫƺҲ˿
Ӧǣ̫ˣ
Եһͬǵ˵ţͬһİȻ
ħһ׵ˣƺҲھѣŮҲһླ磬ƣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ףǸһﾹȻ龳磡
һӼݵָŷƣоȵĺƺǼʲôϡһ㡣
һԪ治֪ôġ
ٺ٣ֽһͨء
ĺӣΪðɣ
ֱǳţһҲھֻ֮ɫ
ٺ٣С椵ǲ
ӵĿȴǷڵŮϣĿеаڣڳų
ߣ
ЩĿ⣬Ƶɫֱһ΢УֳΣյľâ
Сӡ
ŮȻڷһ˫˫۾ֱӾͼʵЩͨ졣
һ龳꣬ƾʲôӵ˾ɫļˣ
ţʮ˱Χ
ЩһԱûǰɣ
Ͽǲôֱ࣬Ӿǵ۾Ǻǳ
Ҫ˭ʵеѶȡ
Сӣ£
һввٺ٣Ȼɱˣǻкܶͷǳġ
ϣǰɣ
һӣǰȥ
Ⱥˣûһǳھģ˭
ȻЩӦöǻʳȨǼӵǣСʹʥɽģҲڶʮҡ
֣
ƽסǰȥ
ķһɫû˵ʲôĬĬվŮһԡ
ʲôͷ볢
ϲɫһаȵĻȣƵ˵һƬĮɫ


339 Ҫù
ķ˻ֹǳϣǡħȼˣ֪Ҫùˡ
꣬Ѿʢһʱˡ
ε츳ƾؼҩʦݣǾѾĴˡ
ǺǼ˶ΪЩһĬһ
Կͷ
ķô˵Ƕһ㶣ǹЦ
СӣԿͷǾɣ
һɫΪʵӣŷƺݺݵĵһۣǳȥ
ٺ٣СӻΪԼɣ
˳ǵģڼǿ鱦⡭ݶѣ
ٺ٣ӦҪúõĴĥĥС
Ƿ׷ǲĺЦţ˷һۣ㶼ǳȥ
ħ
ľҪһȥġħƽס
ħһۣǷƵĽͣ˽Ų
꣬Ψһ͸һˡ
ԼĶԣǺֽױˡ
겻򵥣
ҿ԰㣡
ǣ˵š
ʦûнɶǾͲҩʦôˣĶǺʹһ飬ĸ߽׶ʦΪܲסʹ˶
죬ڶ֮ڣܵĶ࣬ãǶ֮УƺȱЩʲôƺҩҩԹˣ붾ĸȡ
ߣ
ħ۾һŵ꣬һû˵
Ǻǡ
ǣЦһǳ˵ķȥɫ˲䣬ĳһƬ
վƣվڲġħŬŬ죬ŮһҲȥ
ΪҲǳʥɽʥʹǰµǾ仰ǺɻԣˣҲǸȥ
ħһվԭأ˼һҲĸȥ
ףǸ꿴һЩʲôңǸ꣬Ӧа취ԼĿǰ鷳
΢΢ţƵǳһЦ⡣
Уһ仰ͰǸյˣ
ź滺ġħϴյƶֹš
ǣ
һǣһĨɫ
ûǸʵ⻰ѵ˭ʸ˵ô
ũҩ㹻ĵ
ͬһСׯһ㣬Сˮݱ룬˿ΪⷽռƽĻ
һԺ׺ڶӰ߶Ⱥ˳ŴȥһЩĿע⡣
˼һʱ䣬Ƕ¶ζЦ⡣
һˣ
һСˣڴм䣬һܴƽأƽʮ̨ڴţģֱӱѪԡ
˾󣬱õļ֪ʳʥ֮ڣҲһƵأ
ո磬ȥѵɣ
һԼΪΪӣֱǸΪʵ
ţҲãǵðշִ綮ô
ʵӵ˵ͷƺ԰ԼĹ䣬ֻһ˫۾ȴǲʱŮŮĿⶼǷڷϣʵϣһĨɫܿ
ٺ٣ոģ
ǸӺٺһЦǰһһЦĿŷƣСӣȻ˸ո硣
ǣ
ǣ˸
⼸ףϵҲע
ףĪδͽˣ
ôôࣿ
Ǹ˲龳ôͽˣѵĸŲɣ
ʥɽֶɫŮӣֿˡ
һЩΧ۵ˣ۷׷ףָָ㡣
˵ǲ֪ܲȡ
ǰ֮ˣǲ򵥵š
գ֪۸ˣСҪЩͷˡ
ǵõļЩĪ
ʥɽڵһУ˶˿֪飬ʥʹסҲûţܵûټüʵЩơ
Դŵģ
ԭΪǵɱǽ֮ȴȫô£ΣƺסҲû
ǸƣһԵǼǴǼ֮󣬱վһƬտ̨ϡ
ٺ٣ʼˣúܰɣ
ӺٺһЦ⣬Ԫڳ𣬰âҫۣɭ
ȻһԵڣ
ߣ
Ƶɫֱӱ䣬֪ȫӵ츳ˣûߣʱŮòѾڶעԼЩˣôҲ
ȻˣǾɣ
ڣһƬɭ

һ۱ǿʼͣһ˫˫㵵Ŀ£ƣֱ۱ȵĴȻ֣ţһĻˡ


340 㣬ô

ѣƬ׷ɣһֻޱȵֱ¶˳ѸٵͣǿޱȣлصÿһΧĿռ䶼漴һװ졣
Ѫ͹ͬһ㣬ֱ֮̾ϣţ͹ļͬһ㣬ѿһѷ졣
Ѫȵĳûг֣ЩѿУûһѪ෴ģЩѿƤȻĹйյҫ£ĺ⣬ͬһƬƬһĴڣһּ᲻ɴݵӾ
۵ĳͣƵɫҲЩɲͫڣһѪ˿ӶϢ˾ͬһͷĹһ㣬˶ɣģ
ʱ䣬ȫĿΪͻıϢһ˫˫ͫ͵չ֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ
Ŷ
һԵǼǴǸ˯ߣҲ۾ǵڣ˵ľâ˸ƺǷʲô´½һ㣬һƬ֮ɫ
ٺ٣
ȫֻްֱסֿ죬ٺֱЦǰĵ⣬ƺڳϵһ㡣
ŮһЦڣ⡣
ԼˣߵԶôע⣬ǰޱߵӰһɽ
ˣû˿ĲǣһŨŨη塣
ѣѾ˵ˣھ磬Ǻεȵĳأ
뵽⣬ǵӶǲɵ΢΢һ
ٺ٣
ƿ˿ûҪͬһͷͻһ㣬ֱӳǸӳ˹ȥ
ڳ壬ֱֻۣھһƬҡ
󣡡
һһ˳׵ĳǹУǺԥģֱһǹǳķƴȥƺ֮˷ơ
ȭ
˱ڣһƬֱֱۣӳϮǹȥ
Ǿȥɣ
ӼķһĨɫԪһ£âɭһ̶ƿ̶ֱȥ˿֡

Ƭȭͷǹײһ𣬷ײ֮ǸӾ㵵Ŀ£һͬһһһĵĴǹӿ˹ֱײڡ
ͣ
һѪ˳Ҳ׷˳ȥ̨ʮ׿⣬˺ܳһξֱͣѾ˹ȥ
һȭһླ˱Ǳҷɻ
˻
ڳϲϵ쳹һ˫˫۾ھǾȻ
һ龳갡
ϵһ˶û˿⣬˵࣬࣬ȫ׼ҲҪԴ
ٺ٣ҵĺã
ֻĽлš
Ƿ
շӦ˹ѾȥӣҧƺѾΧĳЦ֮ɫֱӱ࣬ǲһѾླӺǵȥ⣡
ٷģ
ɫһĨƺηյ˳
Ŀգû˿ӡ
㣡ѵô
Ǹ߸Ƶӷƿзȫʱյϱ˼Ρ
ȻǾԹˣ
ɫ鴤˼ΣҲ˳
˻СӾȻա
Ҫˣǲôһô磡
˵֮Ҳǰʮˡ
ȥ£Ѿһʱ䣬츳ֻѾܽǰʮˡ
Ҳǡ
ϵȺСţŷƳϧ
ϲǵ˰
Ȼ˵ʲô˼Ƿףƺյ󣬻һǿ˴ڣˣƺʥɽҲ
΢΢üͷ
ʥɽˣǻܼ򵥣ָһѾͻڵĴڡ
˼
£Сħڣʲôµģ
ǣһĨаЦ
Ǽ֮ʱǸҲǲʱֻۣƺҪʲô
ϧעҪʧˣֻۣ쳤һ㣬򴦵Ľ⣬Ѫܣǡϣû˿ĶϽ覴á
ѵؼ
Ҳֻؼϻˣôһ룬ЩȻˡ
˵Ǽϣվ̨ϡ
ǵһҵˣ
ɫǲÿԴԼ֮ΧڣҲû˸Լ
ڣȴǱģһһˡ
õޱȵŭ
ô
΢΢ǡ
ৣ
һ죬һͨĳУƣлȼգΧĿռҲյЩŤ


341 Ұ
һƷóΧ¶ȱǼٵ
һ֪ҵĺ
ɭâ˸ֱֱŷƣɭƺھһˡ
ȷһô磬Ȼ츳ҲȻҲᱻѡʥɽˡ
ԼҲǶʮ꣬һΪѾǴﵽླ磬ֱ۷壬ƾ辳磬ǳǹҲǺġ
գҽһţ棬˵ҲŤ
ٺ٣һҪԴˡ
һƵĻ棬ϲĺЦһ˫ھϷʡ
ȼˣǳԹţ׷ͶϧĿ⡣
ĺӰȻҪˡ
ǣ
ҲЦһһаȵĻȡ
أ
΢΢룬һ壬αǻһ˳ȥУһװ쳹
ޱȱƣȥ
ն
վֵoϣŨˮ̨ĵذҲ濾һƬͨ죬еĳƵһֱ£ΧҲӳ죬з֮ơ
򣡡
⵶Ѿ£ƺԥıʹ
һʹյɫһƬ㵣еĳҲֱܿնǰĵذϡ
¡
ֱ̨Ϊ֮룬ҽ
أ
ͻ˻򣬷Ƶȭͷֱ֮ϣŷյֱӱ׷˳ȥУѪ̨֮⼸׾ͣ
һĻĺܿ죬ûΪջ֮졣
һУһ˾Ͱһ龳Уֱǳʶ֮⡣
ף
ǼǴǸ߾ɳھתƺһһ㣬վ̨ϵķƣ૳˼
УŨŨȤ
ո磡
ʮæΧȥһʲô¡

һƿǣűǿȳüѪ΢΢ţӳ鴤ǣһ˫ȴݣֱֱĶŷƣƺ뽫֮ʬһ㡣
ܵԩ
ߣ˰
һоͱһŵˣҪȥǸжඪˣ

ǱߵĳֱûûεĴЦ˿ӣõɫֱתڡ
⻹ǵһ˸ҵ泰ЦһǱ˳Ц
ķζ챻ըˣǵǼǴһŭܿǳȥ
ȻĿп˲ĥӡ
Ӯ˾͹Ǽǣ
漴𣬳ϵ󣬶ޱȹŹֵĿա
͵ʴף
ļһ۸ˣͣ
ٺ٣Ϸˡ
Ⱥ֮ڴ΢֮

㶣һۻָһǱɫգʼ磬Ͷһζ飬̨ŵǼǴȥ
ҪǼʲô
߸ǰƿš
ղյת䣬ƿǿУ߾Ժܲ򵥣٣ԼͿ͸ߵΪģоڣ̺һԻصĸоľ
ҪԼ֣Ǽûз
źŽ
ûֱǳպǳһ
ǳӸǿٵĳ鴤˺üΣηߵ̵˹ݳһ۾Ƿǳߺ޵ĵŷơ
ԴˣƸûĿȴǷϵǸ֮ϡ
ƺ죬һֳһ֣
Ϻ˱ϼ¼ϣ߱ǽƵݸơ
УƷſ˺üûʲô⣬ƺûжõķЩĪ
ⶫģ
ƺǿĶʵ
ǱߣԺӵʹȨ
ΪƵıͻĵΪһٺ٣ͲҰ¶ˣǣһԺֻסʮˣˣɱû㡣
ŶԺӵʹȨ
۾һ˼أټһɫƺʥɽһЩˡ
л
ƿĵҲǻϲ
ϣҪս
һԵղʵ˵š
ܸоǹɾҲҶѣҪ
һοڶȻڳԿˡ
ٺ٣ˣˣɣ
ƵݳƵʱ򣬳ȴðͷס˷ƣٺһЦ
㡣
ƣһЦ
ǣ
ǰ㲻ԼģĻֱһ˫۾Ҫð


342 
ǵǼϣձԾһŵ̨
ٺ٣ȥ档
ϳŷƺٺһЦ̵˹ȥ
ģ
ĳһЦպ޵ģеһŭ𳹵׵Ļ汼ڶ
ô
һĨϷʣϵĻҲڳͳ̶ȣ˿գ
ǣ
һۣûٿȥ
ûǣǼһľɱ
ɫ֣
𣬴Ǹһ϶ѡ
ذܣ
Ƹ磡
ŮС˹ɫϣһЦ⡣
Ƹð
ŮǻȵĿһһңֱֻۣϵҡҡġ
޸õĽ۾ĸһ㡣
꣡
ļһȻӵ˾ɫŮĴ࣬õǶʻա
ɱˣôѾ˼ǧˡ
̫֪͵ˣ
ʱķƣѾǳȫ񹫵ˣ
Ǻǡ
˫§ŮЦɨһΧ˿⣬ˣ˶ࡣ
ʱŮһЩ룬ΧĿ⣬϶¶һĨ˵糺졣
ŮΪˣʱ䣬ֱоΪ֮ʧɫʣӰ֮䡣
˵ǣǳŮһķƣʱҲΪ֮ʧòŻع
˾ɫȻһСӸ°ȡ˷ģ첻۰츳ӢôûŮĿأ
Թ͵ġ
ߣ˾ɫôܱһӵУŰɣһȥҪдˣ
͵ġ
ΪһбǽջܣҲ
ȻǰԼ츳ǣŴʥɽУҲ򻨴еһݶѣ˿Ĳۡ
ǲΪԼܱܺõȥ
ף
һ䣬˵ǼǴߣϰڷһʥɽʶ¼ʱһ
ܽҿô
ƺǿʵ
ƺˣνĳϣӦþǹƬġ
һ侧һҪȥ
ͷҲû̧ǲ˵š

ǳ˳飬
һʶ¼Ȼһ侧ʥɽأ
ģ
ʥʹһֱûнʲôֱƨˣⲻԾҪô
žǿ˰
ǣҲû취ʶҲ֪ôʥɽأ

֣Ʊóһ侧˹ȥߺǲ£һʶ¼׸һϵеĶȻͷҲû̧һֱǿһŹһƤü΢ƺڿЩʲô
Ĺͼ
ֻһۣб΢΢һ
ߣȻоĹͼ

뵽ߵݣҲ΢΢ͻ˿ǽ߷еĳʶ¼档
ֻҳֽѣϸĿһ飬ǽ֮ݸһƬڴѾõŮ
Ȼ
еƣлȻ
ţ
ʥɽڣȨߵģȻʥαǳϡ
ʥʥɽҲǰĵɽ
ǲʥɽ
ʳĵ̣ȫһɽ֮С
ʥɽܵ˵ֳ䡣
һϣ϶ʥɽˣʥ볤ڵء
ξϷ壬з壬·壬ɽס
ϷΪзΪɷ·ΪޣɽףҲ⣬ʵҲǸ׼ģá
ʥ볤ϣǾͲ˵ˣ壬һֻеÿһ궼һΣ
Ϊûô
ȵһľʵҫȻõԴҲһ
Դʲôڻ֪ܵѾ֮ϣȻ޴ӵ֪
ʥɽ
Ҳô򵥣ÿһ壬ǶһϣֻʵﵽҪܽ롣
͵·壬˵ҪӵΪͻϽ롣
ԣڵķƣ·ʸҲ߱ȻͻƵڣȫʹþնĻǻпܽġ
ֻǣĻǽˣҲʲô¡
ΪϣУ£Ժ䣬ǶĿģܵõԺȨǾҪ¶޻ˡ
㣬ȷܱߡ
ԣڵòԺȨʱǾֻ·鸽߳Ϊ
ʵǸĵط
Ƶ
Ĺ涨ڷ˵δǺ£һԺȨǶһ˹˳⣬ϣġ
ͬʱǰҲһս˳ˣôͱ׳Լ
ΪأôʥɽɣͲʲôϡˣԼһģʵ΢ҪȽŸѣ̫ˡ


343 £
ⱾּǣƲˣʥʹ֮ǰµǾ仰ˡ
ѧô棡
û棡
ʵʥɽڣһ½ӰΣһ
㲻ֹҪʵҪѧ档
⣬ʵˣĺ¶޻Ұѣǣ磬û㹻ʵǾСҲס
ʥɽĹʵֻǴڲĵطʵߣǾ񣬻ʥɽϵҫ˵ľη
Ļ䣬ǵòɳģֻоĻ£Żѹжȥȡõĳɾ͡
ʣ˭߸ڰ˾η
ʣ˭£¶Ұ⣬裿
һţ
Ʋп
ʥɽ֮ˣһš
壬涨Ժ䣬һһֱۣӾͽ½ĸſȫһССķΧ֮УĻ֮£ܽЩ֮ŴĥľӢӦ硣
ãѾõԺ䣬Ȼ治֪Ǻá
΢΢̨ϱϱƵ˵գڣζ֮⡣
ÿһԺ䣬һˣҪʤܻøԺȨ
ղţձǱƸˣԣǼǴߣóԺȨ
Ҳͬģ˭˷ƣôԺȨҲҪȥ
ǣҲǸԻһ侧һʶ¼֮󣬼˵ɫЩÿ
ԭΪʥɽģ˭֪
ȻǿѡȥʥɽʱԽģֻǣôһѾǧŵǲ˿ôҲûˣ
ңս˼
ĻһסΣ
ƾеƳֺǺǵ˵
һٶõĳ˶ɫһ䡣
Ϊ츳öʥɽȻʥɽģߣǾкܴĲġ
һҪΪǿߣǾͱ߱أһ츳ڶԵ
˵ܻôǰģǶٶһЩԵһݺõĻԵܽһ۷崦
ԣģᱻʥɽ֮ڵЩ£
ΧЩƺΪ⣬һЦĿŰͯˡ
š
΢ԥ˱ǴӦ
Цǰݣǿġ
ؼҩʦ
ؼҩʦǾͲ˵ˣ磬ʳڣҲѣǵݣԼ˸ʸûС
ڣôһؼҩʦ˿ԼԼʲôɾܾ
ңħôһѱĵؼʦΪһ仰£ˣֵ˵ˣ꼫򵥣
Ǻǡ
˴ӦһЦǺƣû˿ӣߣΪСǡ
˵츳ƶǿС
Ƕƽֵģ㣬һľԣܻΪ棬󼼽ϣС֮ƲҪʧˡ
ͯ壬ԣɷڳ壬ͬһ㣬Ǹɱ˲գ۵ڴϣҲʹ˼µľնŽ֮ܡ
ͯ壬ֻǽڳ϶ѣƾǰ㣬Ҳ֡
ԵĹûɣӦס
һӦδȼˣǾ;ˣôܲˣ
ŮҲһ˷ܵĿŷơ
˳ʶ¼֮Ҳ֮츳֮˹鸽ȻΪƸˡ
ϣǣһƬ
ħһֱվһԣΧһвŲʣƺ£ûһ˿һ㡣
ԣΪǴɱĮ
ΪƣƲվ
̣
һ죬һӰڷʮ׿⣬˺óһξͣ
̫ˣô¾ˣһûء
ϻ棬һ˫֮ͨoѪգϷ֮⡣
㣡
Сܷţֱһ˫ھԹޡ
Σ˴ˣ
ưһΣһУ
Σ˶ֻܿϷˣѣȰ˻Ҫܡ
ʥɽڣײ㣬ǲʲôȥӴߵȵԴģԣȫӵؼĳϵĶ֡
ʲô㣿û۾ʴǰһָͷ㶨㣬㻹ȥ
ϻ棬̨Ͻš
ۿ˵ͣʶĶ֣ο⹷
۾ˣɷġ


344 µġħ
һﳤȥȫһ˫˫㵵۾þûز
ϵĻֱӾǽƵݸͱˡ
ǵģ˵ԼǴǰ
Ҳ˵ǰΪĳͽү꣬ȵĹھ
Ҳ˵ЩˣϷˣ֮ϵĳϣǸ龳Ķ֣
˻
޲ǵһ
ϵı֣ǿǿĺˣȻླ磬ǣȴ˿Ķ֣û¶ʲôȫƾһֻ棬ǽѹûз֮
ʱǲƺǸҲһȭͽջˡ
ɲ⣡
ǵĨЦ⣬ķŴ
ζ
Ҳѣ
µˣ
ţΪλλɫŮ飿Ϊһ룬Ǽ˾ͻֱӴӦ
ԭ򣬾Ϊǿ
ʥɽô£Ȼ֪ʵһУ
꣬龳磬ӵ˵ʵأ
뵽⣬Ϊ֮һ
˼
һѾԶȥǼӰǼǴ߸Ӳ΢΢˳ֵͷȥоĻĹͼȥˡ
١
ЩӶʱˣԭֻҪ۸棬˭֪ȻԸԺ䶼Ūˣôһʮ˲ǾҪ¶Ұô
ʵ¶ҰҲûʲôҪǣ˰
٣ôأ
һһ䡣
һȺͰ
նԵļ˱һȭˣйһͣһ˫۾ֱֱĳڣһƬԹ񶾡
ֱǽһеĹȫ˷ƵϣΪԼʱ˵ĶˣȫǷƵɵġ
ŰɣҸ绹һ±ˣʱһҪҪǵ˵ģ
񶾵ĻõΧļȫһĲ
һﲻǸöǸСˣ

һ·ѰңƵ˺ܿҵԺڡ
ľɫ˵õģҲǲ
Сˮ滨ݵ׺СɵϷһùԺǰյ֦ס˴ԺӣҲһζ
ԺſڳһСʯдһ֣һֱſڣǼſڴһСۡ
֣óǿ֮֮űȻĴˡ
һˣóԼǿϻһ£½߽Ժڡ
Ȼǿʶ¼ϿģΪԺʹԱ¼ãÿεĸʹȨϢǻᱻǼǴǸ
ʵ˭˶ܣ뼺ľ֮ڵϢݻپˣȻ룬ܼ򵥣ֻǣΪ˷ֹвģԣÿβŻһߵ֡
ֻҪԺڼ¼иƵϢԱԼƣܿˡ
ҲΪߴСһģһԭ
Ժڣһʮ䣬һѡһ֮ǽ뵽ڣŮҲǴӷС򣬱߽һڡ
Ĵֻʣ˷롮ħѾҲ˼ٴȥ
ҳȥ䣬ûʲôģ
ǸвסˣվǳŴׯм䴦ȥ
ûʲôȴ򶷸ˬˣ
ãһ𵽶ãڶܸӿٵ硣
ÿһǿߣǰսӡ
֮ԳˣΪԴʧȥȤҵʵĶˡ
ǺǣħֵĶܲš
ĬǷ˻ͷЦһ˵
ߣ
ħһ˵
Լٲ򵥣ǲ㡣
ǳУŷԶĺɫҩԣȻһĲëȻĴ
оǰҩԣлԼ
ٺ١
ڨڨһЦֵû´ĻħڵĶӦûûʵɣ
ħû˵ֱĬˡ
Ȼ
һ٣ƣħڵĶԣӦѾܴﵽ˵ؼн׵ĵزߣ˵ľ磬ȻʵҲ˵ҩ
Ҫһζҩ֮
Ҳ˵ħҲһؼ۷Ķʦпף
Ȼȫпܵģ
Ϊ͵ҩȻõҩһͨҩΪǰһ֮ڵҩ֮һ֮
˵ⶾҪʵǾͱҪҩĶҩ֮
Ѿǵؼ߽׵ĶˣֻҪһ㣬궾ҩ֮ǾͿף
׶䣡
һ
Ȼ֪ڵũҩ䵽ǺֵȽףǣһ뵽ףĺͼΪĿǰ½ߵĽλˣ


345 ͻƵؼ
ħϲģ׵ĴڣУһɽڣˣǷ˷츲صı仯
ʦηĴڣΪֶΣԣҲ˵
йģĽɱʦж
Ϊ׵ģǵʱļλҩʦҲΪԣǴεĽɱжܳɹ˵һɱʦʱʳĶʦ˶
ʱʣĶʦǵ͵Ǻٳǰ¶棬ǳԼˡ
Ӱħ̣
ħһ·ʦ׷׼ˣõѸٵţչţ£ӰħѾƿһ൱ǿ
ȣΪ棬Ҫ
ǳ˱˵ĵʯǲʣ

ǺǣħڵķգӦþûʵɣ
Ƴ˳һ΢Ц˵
û
΢ɳƵӺ´ħͷ˷ơ
֪а취ʳҲֻܰĵˡ
ûʵڶУÿÿ֮ʱÿζʹȥ
ô
ǣ̳Ȿ֮ʱλеԡ
ֹҪԼ屨𣬸ҪΪԼλѾȥʦֻع
ǣĿǰʵ߱
һ뵽ԼҪԵ磬üͷҲ΢΢
ԼˣҲǸĶ֣

̾һĿһƬ
£ǣҪмֵ٣ҪǸѪĴۣ
ң¶һˣ
ֻ⣬ҵȷܰĵ㡣
Ƶ΢΢
˫Ӯ顣
ԸҵĻôΣ
һЦӯӯһֻ
㡣
ԥħһֻϣԶƲϢģɢһȳζ
֪ΪΣȻѡꡣ
Ǻǡ
Цһе⡣
꣡
ڳҩҩԣһĨЩ͸ĺɫҩԣָŷ˳ͬҹе⣬ɢΧãȳЩƺһ㣬Ȼˡħڡ
Ƴҩԣħ̲ס΢΢˲ͫһƬ¡
ⲻ˵˺£ڵĶ
ԭĶȻһ˲ȫصö鵤֮У΢΢ţħܸоĵ
ηˣ
Ǻǣš
ЦһǽҩԵָˡħ֮ϡ
ϸĿҩԣ뵽ˡħڣܿ죬ǳöڵĶԱߡ
Ҫʼˡ
ϵЦ⣬صĵ
š
ħ˵ͷ

һӣһĲҽбǴӴ洫˳ȥĺԶǴϵĳ϶ĵ
һЩ˶ɻԺķûȥעҽеôˡ
ôô
һŹϳһζЦ⣬ٺ٣СӳԵĿͦõģ
δϹ䣬ȴڡħǰֵ
ΪһΡ
ԺҲŴ㲻ȥעŮҲǼŪС
ԴˣСʾΣ΢΢һŮǱ۾Ȼ޷Ǿ;ܰɡ
һүһ㣬ſڣжͣȷġ

ڵĶ濾ţħ΢΢ˮϵĴӻ䣬ҧгݵģƺĪʹ
һȣƵɫǡǡ෴
Ѿһ̹Ųϴҩԣǻϲ
ֱӺ濾Ȼֻձ棬ǣҩԵŨȣǳϴ̨ϵǵ
ϾѾǺĵľˡ
Ȼĳ̶ӦѾǵؼ۷ˣ
һ
ûʵѾǵؼ۷壬ǾԾͻϵĿܡ
һۡħ
ϲļš
ֻ˼Ǳ۾ϸĺ濾ö仺Сӵʵ廯
ʱũҩ֮ϵö鵤ΪҩԵĲϼ룬ԣҲһЩ仯
ˣ
һ鵤͵ͣٴһ࣬Ƕ
ͻˣ
һϲǣΪҪǵҩԣԣʱҲûжȥ۲죬ֻܵȵ֮
ʱһһεţԼ˰ʱƲ۾
ˡ
ջֱۣ˿˵
л
ɳƵӺ´
ʱġħѾȫĻָҲûкɫĶԶˡ
ʱڣöѾʵ壬ֻһ㵭ĺơ


346 ʥɻ
˵̫ˡ
ġħվƳѵ
ͣƲż˵ⲻʵȻҩԵĺ濾ʱʵˣǣʵ壬Ҳܱһҵʱѡ
ô˵ħ΢΢üͷϸĸӦһڵĶǷ֣˵ࡣ
öνʵ嶾ŷֽĺۼ
ԣûʵ֮ǰÿһңҪһΣȻͻṦһ񡣡
һЦĽ˵š
ôһûʵ֮ǰ߾Ͷһؼ۷嶾ʦһ£٣˵һ塣
㲻ĻԺﻹпշ
롣
ߵ̫ûкô
˻ƵӺ´Ǳ䡣
Ѿߵĺܽˣô
һЦķʵ
ĬãħһЦķƣ΢΢̾˿ڡ
˵꣬߳⣬һס˽ȥ
ô
ǣ۾΢΢
ȷħ϶밵Ӱħй궾ҩ֮һҩ֮ٺãҲҩһѰɣ
ңǶ֮ڣƸоöӵǧֶҩϣϡ伶Ҳ°֡
Ǽܽ͵ô
϶ܣ
ΨһĽͣŹӦҩˣ
ݹʳûóҩ
ԣ뵽˰Ӱħ̡
ƺֻڰĴ˵ˡ
ߣԼĵһŮˡ
ȻģǣϾҲԼо֮
ݷԣҲһؼ۷Ķʦ
ľ
ǵҪʲôأ
ŰӰħ̵֣ƿյ̫Ѩ˿ˣȥ
ֻʵ
ûʵֻͽնѡ
һ꣬ͻڣ޷壬꣬ͻ𣬽塣
ƸԼĿ꣬ΪĿ꣬Ѿû̫ʱ䵢ˡ
ֻʱĿѣ
ʶ˻Ĺż֮ϵĴսϵܣ֪Լ·Զ⣬ֻѡ

ʥɽ۷壬ƣͬɽһ㣬ֱ
ЩУһ۷֮ϣʥʥס
ʥ
ʥʹҲʥʹߣʱڴڣŴ֮һӰĻ
֮ӰΪ϶ƣڣ׳ʲôò
ˡ
ʮ֮ڴӦǸӡ
δˣ
ƽûʲô
ˡ
ʥʹʵ˵š
Ŷ
˶٣Ȥʵ˵˵Ϊλأ
ǰˣˣΪ³ԳƼ
ʥʹϸĽ͵
³ԳƼ
㶣ЩȻĵϼһﲻھ۰ôôܻˣ
³Եһ뿪۰ǣǾֻһԭ
ҵ취ξɴˣ
뵽⣬ҲΪ֮Ȼ
ԾͲ̫
ϼһܵʲôˣ츳Σ
ʵ
˽ΪŮʮ꣬ԭΪһеӵܣ츳һ㡣
ʥʹûһ˿ʵĻشš
ȷУŮ츳ֻһѡ
Ȼǽ֪ʵ£֪ʥɽӦûȣ
еӵܣ츳һ㣿Ů
ɢȥһӵ¶˳ĹϣǴ㵵ɫ૵ϼһڸʲôΪʳǣ
Ȼ޷ţ˽⣬³Ҳһĵ˾صˣУضв֪ԭڡ
Ůûʲôرĵط
ֱٴʵ
رĵط
ʥʹ΢΢üͷһ
˵ţɫҲǱЩŹ֡
Ŷ˵˵
Ӵߴٵ
³ôˣǶв򵥵ĵط
÷ϻˡ
һӵ⴫˽̧ͷǼ³Դ˽
³Ѿʥʹû˵ȥһʾ£˳˵⡣
ʥ
վڵУ³Գӹ˹֡
ȻӣǺʳʥɽʥ
Ͻ˵ô£
³ԾȻˣЩˡ
ûʲôǾСŮ츳ԾͶƼˡ
ƲҪ¶ݣ³Ȼ˵Ȼ֪˷Ǹҩʦʥﻹס͵ģҲṩΪ䳤ϡ
ôʥɽû˿ˡ


347 ǧȷ
ߣ
һֱ
³ԵĽͣԾ̫ǣǿˡ
츳ã
ʹ߲ῴۡ
³ϣǵ츳أ
ǱĵĿ³ԣʵ
ʥ
³һֱ࣬ص˵Щ飬˳ȻȽϺãϣʥҪȥǣ֪ҲҪ˵Ȼܻʵ䷴
⡭
һ㶣һɫɻ󣬶ʱҲѹ˶
ףпи˵ԭȻļѹסеĳ嶯
ǣ³ϻؾ۰ô
һתʵ
ģɣǻȥôŮܾΪ츳ãֻڸ˶ѣǲȥǾͺˡ
һ֮ˣͻȻΥԼĳԣʹ˵׷ĿѾõˡ
³ϲҪᣬ³ϻȥұ㲻ǰȥǲأҲð۰š
³Բ̫ÿɫһĽ͵
ȷҲϡ
ߣԼŰ죡
С˼³ﻹ᲻֪һ޷޵˦䣬˳ȥ
ٺ٣
Ͼǵ⣬ɫ
ѵҩʦ
ֻôһ룬Լòܡ
ҩʦôеŮϵһأ
Խ룬Խˡ
ѵǸҩʦҪ󣿿ǣΪʲôеأ
˼ã벻ףǻʹߡ
˵˵Ůڴ֮ûйı֣
ָϵһöָʵ
ʥΪŮûнʮǿԣҲ֪ǵǿ
ʥʹ΢΢üͷʵ˵
ʲôʮǿҲûн룿
һ㶣ھǾȡ
ȻǰҲӦǰʮˣȻ츳Ӧǲͨˡ
ǵΪΣѵʲôԣ
üģԽԽˡ
ʥ˶ֻһླѣһǱԣһԵġ

ĻشõΪ֮һ
͵ĳһͷѵŮļ壬Ǹҩʦг𣿡
ͨˣ룬ŴʥɽǵȷǼ顣
ʥɽŵļеأֻţ֮ϣԲģǶ֮
ԽԽõЩˡ
ֻǡ
ֻʲô
ʥʹ֧֧ģǳһ
ʥҷ˵ŮĲ֮ͬ˴εĴȹھ֮һһ˹ϵΪܡ
ʥʹԼǳί黢ԼλȻڶĽǣԼĿ࣬м֪
Լôڣ֮ϣϷҲܺ绽꣬ǵ⣬ֻǸȵˣˣҪǳһ٣ǰһȣͷΣȫûˡ
Ŷ
ûϵίһ۾ʵʲôйھ֮һԴż˰ɣ
ʥʹʱ飬֪Լᣬɶ¶ûˣһǰ
ʥδȣȷھ
ε˵ţҪ֮ʱ͵жϣһǵؼнϵĶʦһӦǵؼнҩʦ

ԭĺǳ⵽ߣ˻ȥϵɫҲ˸ת䣬ھǲ˼ɫʲôؼнϵĶʦҩʦ
û
ϵľɫʥʹúܽɫ䣬͵ʱʳǵĴʦѾ϶˽ѾҼǸʦƺûоȫΪк࣬ƣʥʹڳұͽͣˣ˲ųƽ֡
⡭
ͻȻĳŵƼõһӾȻزƽھâ˸˸µ棿
ǧȷҲڵ
Ϊ˱ܻɣ˳
һסˣվȥġ
ؼҩʦʦȫ½κ˶֪ôĴڣؼˣڻʳǶƵĴڡ
ŮѵǸؼҩʦйأ
ãͣڣâ˸
ûָĲ֮ͬ
ʥʹίĿ
ԭ
ûȴЩڨڨ㿴˵ǸûпǸ켶ҩʦ
Ҳжϣ˾ǵؼнס
ԹѧˣĿˡ
ߣ
𰸣Ȼ⣬ݺݵĺһͷĻ˻֣ȥɣȥһβ
лʥ
һ˾һһӳ⣬ת۾Ͳټ


348 ոһ
ûϢ
һȴһĨЦ⣬̹ٴ£۾ָϵôα
ߣǸھ϶ֹǵؼнҩʦô򵥣
۾ڱһĨ⡣
ʥɽУǻһλؼн׵ҩʦģԣǸ꣬Ĳǵؼнף³Ȼᶯ⣬ǣԲ뿪۰ǡ
ǣҩʦ
뷨ͬһشһļ䣬֮ڣӿһĨ޷֮ɫ
뷨Ȼܲʵʣǣȴȫпܣ
Ϊֻܽ³Եڼ³ĪĻĺȻ䣬ͼ
ǵģ켶ҩʦ
ֱȥѯʣǣһ뵽³ԵĻȵƽ
ܳ嶯
ǵģ켶ҩʦȻûйԼݣǾʹ˵ҪڸԼððȻȥѯʣ˵ʵ䷴
ֻǣ֪һϡԼĸǰȴǲȥȡѡ
ƼӾᡣ
ΪһʳʥȡǷǳġ
һҩʦȡ˴ȵһҲ˵츳ҲΪ֮ˣպ󶨻ڴ½ϴŹʡ
ƽǳŸԶĵطȥˡ
Խ룬оԽ
ȷҪΪǿߣӦ⾺гɳ
˷Ƶͼǽ͵͵Ѳӵ뷨ҲĨɱˡ
ţģ
ǼһﾹȻû˵ʲô֣
ֱڣҲ֪Ǹν켶ҩʦ׽ʲô֣£ĳ˵ġ

ҹʥɽУӵɫգʥɽͬɾһĴڡ
ŮĥãƱһĻصԼڡ
Žй
ڴ֮ϡ
һʱ䣬ǲ鿴ڵũҩ䡣
Ȼ鵤ӦѾͻƵ˵ؼ
Դ˲һ鵤Ļϲ
ʵĵؼҩʦˣ
ף⵽ô£
ҩƵĵ壬ĵɻ
Ѿǵ˵ؼˣ鵤ȴû˿ʵļ󣬶ңҩҩҲǲڣ÷ƺΪɻ
ħڵĶѾ϶ˣڣڵĶȴѾǽӽʵ廯ˡ
ȻⲢǻ£Խ۳ʵ壬ǾʹԽǸ߽ס
ũҩ䣬ò۷ҩɣ
ũҩ䣬Ҳûһֻ֪϶켶ͶˣĽλȴǲ
Ӧòκεҩ䡣
˵ģ˵Ǽʮҩͺȷ˵伫Ĳ

۾˿ѹеϲãٴν¹һ顣
һްǰʮˣ˼
Ѿ֪ްʲôĴڣû˿ľ¡
ΪŮڣҪȻպް֮գ죬ǰݺݵĴգʱڣǲʲô鷳ˡ
ôЩ鷳ˣʵڲУǸһϰɡ
ܽ޷壬ǾͱҪӵ׵ʵˣܽްǸǲ򵥣СħڣҲرĵǡ
ǵôһڣ
ھĻ֣ǷϸԼģ𣬷ƸûнӴԣ֪ľȽ׵λֵġ
֮࣬ϿسԪУʵԪѡ
⣬ͬʱҲ֤һ߽׵ؼĺô屶룬ͻԽԽ
衣
ƻ׵ġ
ֻǣ裬ڹ֮УҪȥ
ˣȵ˵ɡ
˻ͷһγ⣬֣ó侧ʼѼʽԪԱﵽ۷壬źóڡ
ۻ̫ˣȻѾﵽԪԪĻʡʱ䡣
һϣ˽ʮ侧˿ٵģҲֻĵˡ
ϣչ
֮ͫǾôԽԽˣȻܿƻĹŴʵֱǲ顣
ԣǲҽ£Ͼʵ̫ˣֻ糿ʱʱ䣬ʱ䣬
ע첻

һ˴齣ųϱǳŴмȥ
̨ϣ˶ͬţһĶײţÿһζǾȫֻûʹ似ѡ
Ѽʽȱ㣬Ԫ鸡궯򶷣õȶʽ
һЩӣƶôţ죬ʱ䶼ڶԶţϣƴ侧һǧŲ£Ѿٽˡ


349 
ʥɽЩ˶ǹĺΪʵÿǿļõϲѡ
ʥɽ򣬹Ȼǿ鱦أؼԪҪŨ֮࣬ȷ°빦Чˡ
⻹ֻΧѣʥɽǱضӲˡ
̣
һ죬һӰڷ̨֮ͣ
˲ˣ
ϵĻ棬ǲϵĶһ˫ֱۣвϵĺţģ˵ʱȷǲ̫ܡ
ֻһ˫ȭͷֱǳ֮ɫң׵ĸͷƵģⲻʹŹˡ
Ŵӻҳ֮߳ķƣϾԹ
ʵֲ̫ˣ᲻ɴݣֱټԼȭͷ׳ģˣƵֻۣȴûһ˿ˡ
õȷǳ
̫ˣֱͲˣȷǸֱˡ
ĸʱѡ
ѾչĳϣЩƲƲ졣
Ѿﵽ۷壬ڣͲһˣԣҪϵȥӦԼļޣǸٽ㡣
⣬˵ģеˣֱӾͻˣеˣһҲ粻ȥ
⻰ȫ󲿷˶г鴤š
Щ֪жôˡ
ϵʵ˶Ŀģǵˣ֮ѾǶĴˣǣϣŪĶѡ
ǣЩÿһΣԳϰܱգδй⡣
õ˲пĻֻһô֮䣬ǵ߸һ㣬õʵЩ
̫ˣ
Ƕǻʳ岻ɶãѵһţֻǣǷһȣԼʲô
Ƶͯʱһ˵ֱһ̨Ǵһš
Ե棬ǡ
ɨһȦΧĿⶼһһĻرܣ΢΢̾Ϣһ̨

Ͻһ˫ȭͷǰһݡ
Űɡ
ǣûϵԹ
֮һۣǿԶһƺƵĳ˹վǰģٲȻԼйԹա
յԣһ֮мƵӣ⣬Ӧþۣ
û޷壬ްǰʮۣ
ϢȵģƵϳȥ
ۣȻѾһˡ
Сĵ㣬һΣգҪҪȥСħ
ۣϵɫҲ˵š
ţҲá
Ƶ˵ͷϱǳԺɱȥ
Ƹ硣
ŮҲǿ˹һǵĿ
û£ǻСħô
İο
Ŷ
ŮȻ֪ħʲôؼʦǶĵġ
Ȼ۳ˣ
ôԼܵܣ˵ÿһʱͻתתܵܵ۸һ㡣
Ϸˣް϶Ķ֡
С۳ָָġ
ʱһѾ˽
磬
һ߽ձֱָŷƵţĺţһ۾ھԹޡ
Ϊ꣬ΧڣɨأңʧȥԼԺӣֱӾʹĽĴڣΧڱЦĴڡ
һߵܹܵˣ
Ҫ
һ飿
ֻһɨۣ۱Ƕ˷ƵΪʱüͷǳǳ壬Щɡ
һ飬ѵҲ۸Ѿླĵܵܣ
ĿɨŮ֮ʱڣһƬޣǣŮŷƵһֱֻ֮ʱɫֱӳĿ£ģڻһĨܵĶʻ
Ů˹ɫǣòˣͬ񹤣һ䲻ɶõľɫŮ
Ǵʱȴһ龳СӵˣţֻҪԣǶⲻû֮ġ
ߣôСӣҲĶ֣
һŷƣھǲм
ôһ龳СӣԼһָͷѹˣӵ˾ɫ
磬ǹˣ
ɣŬĽ͵

һ㶣ɨһȫǲŷ֣Χ˿ƵĿⶼЩԾǵ֮ڣģһݶη֮ɫ
һȺھˣηһ飬飬൱Ĺ죡
ߣ
˵Ŀ⣬Ƶɫֱȥ
ϲռ۹⿴ŮԼŮˣ
ʱ򣬰ͯҲΧ˹ֱվڷңʱħҲ漴еƵ˵ŵģǳ׵ķ
ֻҪСħڣѰ𣬻ܸ㶨ġ


350 ľ
۸գ
۾ŷƣɭȻ˵
ǣ
ǣ͡
ĳҲǸʲôؿˣǰ飬һޣûʲô
Ѿ£κˡ
һ𣬳ʲô磿Ż˭أ
Ҳ˵š
ʥɽڣǲɱ˵ģֻҪûʲôµġ
ãܺã
һɫΪˣҧгݵģƺ뽫ʬһ㡣
ɱˣֲ̫أʧ֣ˣҲǺ顣
ߣ¹İɣ
վһԣأš
ٺ٣ҼǵãΧ壬ƺֻʹ۷ڣǿΥģ
ϲ˵ţھϷʡ
㣬ҲʥɽΪ˱½Աһִʩ
ߣ
ƺһųϣھǲмƾֻϣѹΪһָͷҲѹ㣡
ôҵҪԣһָͷѹң
ɫҲڣǶ־
ţԼκεڡ
ߣ
һǳŵǼǴȥ
Сĵ㣬˺ܲ򵥡
߽ĳϵļһҩԱ뵽ϵڣЩ˲޸
ٺ٣ģһ²̨ġ
ٺһЦ˹ȥ
˻ǾȻҹȻۣ
̫֪ˣǰи۷ˣһоͱ۴ˣ˵Ҳûˡ
ǰ޷˵ѾһΪˣһţܽˣ
ǲܽɷô
۹Ȼ£ǰ
ǰ˵һźܲ˵ؼԲܽްģ
֪ʲôȽ׵ؼ
СţЩֵ쳣ĵ⣬Ƶɫȴǳ
û뵽ۻĲ򵥡
裬ľ弹׵׵Ϊ׵׵׵β׵ԣľ
ÿһ磬ַΪ㣬ľʮˡ
·Ҫһ磬ͬʱҲΪһ磬ֻͻ𣬲ܳΪ֮ߡ
ͬģľҲʥɽ֡
µģֻܴΧ壬һΪޣΪɷΪľгְ֮ˡ
ģ³ǵȣѾ̫ϳϼˣʥҲƽ
Ȼʥɽڴмλ̫ϳϣ˭ҲʥǸҲԺġ
ۣȴѾһˣҲ˵Ѿﵽһ۷塣
ΪҲѹްǰʮˣϾѾǼɷˡ
Ǽ֮󣬳ϱһ̨ǼǴֻ΢΢һţһɫϱǴ̨
ʱ򣬷֪۵ˡ
ˮԣ
̣
һ˲䣬̨ڱΪɫûˣӰЩˮвϵײţõĵɫҲƺʱпܱһ㡣
ǼһȻ򵥡
Ƶɫȥ
ó۵츳Ȼ˲ã츳ϣڳϣǣѾʥɽڼʱ䣬յɱУȻࡣ
սҪˣ
ͣ
Ͽʼɫˡ
һ뾪նЩͬؼΪãؼʵĿ£ڻɽش֮ͬڣûĶ֣ǷҲС
ߣ
ƺһֻһ壬һƶ˵Ҳмʮ֮࣬һ˫һ֮ĺâͬһħһ㣬ˡ
ȥ
ֻһӣΧĺǳųֱɶȥ

ϴһһĳһֻϣ죬ڣɫ϶ɵĴ˳ȥ
꣡
ǽӴͷļֱӱɢֱӱɢ١
ߣ
棬ɫδ䣬˫ӣһϵĴȫǲһеײֻɫĻ֡
أ
첻ϣͬף˱ܿĳĻ̨λþѾ޾ĺסˡ
Ҫˡ
̾һ
۹ȻûжɱУƾ辳磬ֱӽѹˣѾƵĺ˵Ļƣ֪ϰܣֻʱˡ
أ
һ쵱Уϱ׷˳ȥصײϲͣǣҲѪ
ˣ
ǰ棬ĳ˿棬һΪϣˡ
ܵĲԹ
̫ǿˡ
ϣ
ȥƴʱ򣬷ƽסһ˫˫Ŀ£ᵭ˵ţ


351 Ծ
һ
ĳϾȻ̨ȥ۲мһ
뼤ŭң
ת˳ǣĵĿһָͷУһһ۷Ӯһ࣬ʲôõģ
㣡
۱˵һ˫۾Բɣȴóû취
ǰӮҲ٣֣ԼƺⱾӮҲûôˣ
ⲻܣ
ˣǣû˵УϾ֮ܳôѾǺܲˡ
һĽֻҲĶ֡
ԣС˵š
֪
΢һЦھǶ־
ĳۻûжɱﵣԼܸĶ֣ǣѾӽٽˣȥϵսԼļޣпͻơ
ĿǰΧڣѾûвõԼĴڣڳֵۣһõĶô
Ϊʲô
ϲĿǲ⡣
ѵƤǷ᣿
٣
ûнֱͣŵǼǴȥ
ԴˣŮѡŷƣţԼĺƸǲġ
Ŀ֮£޴ˣվ̨֮ϡ
һǸ߸ϣްǰʮĸ֣һ۷壬ء
ǣȴû˸˵龳һܡ
ʵ̫ˣ˾úܲʵʣ
ҵҪúÿ㵽ʲôط
ɨǰ꣬ʼûп굽ĵڲͬĵط
Ը
ǣӿֳһĨ壬Ѫ˿ˣ
ۣ
һ۱Ƿ˷츲صı仯۴㵵Ŀ£ۻĳͣǰ
˻
ѾǵһοֱֻˣÿһεļΧǻķһЩ֮̾
ֱֻۣ̫ǿˣ
Ļζ䣬׹õһɲܵжԵĴ
⣿
ϸĹ۲һձǷ
ֱֻȻ죬ǣȴҲûԼĳܷΧ
ۣڣͬһͷĹޣ˶ɡ
ߣ
һĿ΢΢룬żһ֣˱ǳȥ
ƣ
۵ҲҴ⣬˫ĶһڵϫͬХһ㣬ŷƼӿȥ
ƣ
ƳһͬҰ˻ֱۣӾͳųϫ˹ȥر׾ڶ
̣
ͬ飬˻Ľȫֱͬӽϫ鵱
ǣȴģǵضĺ
У
ĺ಻ʱõķЩæҡ
ৣ
һ޷桯Уһӿ־Ǿն

âʮն飬Ϊˮ
˼
ˣλҲûƶ⾪ն֮䣬һĨâӿֶ
Ȼ볢ǾԸɣ
䣬ڱǷһ˳죬õִ嫺֮еĴ
һһ˳ͬ˳һ㲻ϵĲţǿռ䣬Ҳһۿɼ
֪ⷬһҪˣϢ㿪ʼƣڵĳƷҲʼζ
Ծ֣
ƺһһ죬һֻͨͬצǴֱӿ˳
ӿ䣬ƺǧؾĶš
յɱ֮һԾ֣
˻Ȼ˵ǵؼн似
ΣǸҲҪˡ
Ͼʵ̫Զˡ
ûͬΪ۲һĶ֡
Сš
һǵؼн似ŮɫǱˣڣǵǡ
ģؼн似ѲСӡ
ҲֱֱֻצҲ΢Щơ
ȫģǵǼǴ롮ħˣƺ̨ϵĴ򶷣˿Ȥһ㡣
ģǼˣǲϵĳųϵ˵ƵĻģƺ̨ϵԼһ㡣
ն
צץһĨİâеġ޷桯ն˳ȥ
¡
צâײһʱһըǴзǧأͬһĳܼӿȥ
ײϵһֱ̣ӾͱĲ˫̨֮ڲɲסΣϣˮ䣬š޷桯Ҳ΢΢Щ
ֻ̨м䣬һֻצһ㼫µİâֲ¡
˾𾪣ǣϵϱǳȥ
ֻצȻû˿ˣ
𾳽Ԫܣѹھ磬Ҳ׬˺ܴı˵ġ


352 츲
¡¡¡
ͬһ죬Χ쳹𣬼ׯܹ졣
̨ϣһֻɫצͬһ嫺ޱȵĺ嫣𵴿ռ䣬ɼˡ
һâҫۣ˲ֱӣȻֻϸ΢һ㣬ȴǰ˾նأһС
ֲ£ˡ
ȷƵĿţȴԵüΪˣһδˣƺǵһ㡣
ǿһ۱֪
磬ûıȣ۵֧ţƸ޷ȥ
һֱֻۣǳܲʮģ
ŲӣѾ̨ĵز֮УΣڻĺţذ㷭мĽȥϳһĺۼ
ʱΣƾû˿һ㣬һֱѹţ
Ҫˣ
ȫϵ˼ȫš
ٺ١
ֻгһںЦۣڣȻϷʵɫڡ
ףڽƣ
Ȼܹܲͻƣ⻹д˵սޣɣͻƣش
ڶģ
ũҩֻҪһܸԭԣȫûʲô֮ǡ
ڣԪѾݽˣڣҲûһ֮ϵ֮Ҳȥ

ͬԴȪٴδÿһ֮˳Ԫٴȫӯ
ǣ
ҧأƱһڣѪ˿ͫӿתԪٴαһŷ˳ȥ
Ҫ۵жǿ
꣡
һǸµİ׵ʱǱŷһޱߵĹŴ̶ġꡯնֻɫצ֮ڣնһСĿӡ
ô£
ԭһֱۣһͻʱסΣűնһСڵצڣ޷ŵɫ
ԼһܵԪȻһնˣ
˲
һĨݴ˼ʼת
飬ǿ˳̶ȣͬڣأ
Ѿ£һôǱĳУΰġ
ֻжɱҡڣõĽ֮
ɱǾԲУʥɽڣִӣϣǲɱ˵ģ򣬱ضҪ
ǩ̨
ԣֻܷˣ
ţһĨײ֮ɫأʼơ
ôܣ
ĿɿڴǲףƾģΪֱ˵͡
̶ܳѾܴﵽ𾳽ô
նצ֮ڵİâڣһƬã
龳Ԫ𾳽磬ڼ󾳽磬ʱƺѾƽˣ
̫ˣ
µˣǷ֣һȣƺΪ¡
Ǳɹ
ǲӡ
ǼǴֻһۣڵľâһ
ٺ٣Сӣô
ϺٺٵЦţΪ⡣
ϴΣǳĿԣҲǺܾȡ
ΪսԼļޣڵԪܿͿݽۣȴͬһ嫺ûʲôۣڵԪƺ޾һ㡣
ƣʵ̫ˣ
ʵܶסѹѾ漣ˣҪ֪ǳҲһӶѡ
һʱǵâٴαƳצ֮ڣУâãİڱĥš

ƵӣҲʼ΢΢ĲţѾֲסļ
ڶҲڶ߾ˣҲʧȥ˹ʣǰһֵģ
ͷ֮ڣҲһƬּ֮棬Ҫˡ
ǣûз
һֱ˼ţࡣ
࣬Ϊ࣬ģΣΣƢ
ڣҪ֮ڣسԪ
Ƶѡ࣡
񣬼ȫǷ֮ϣһһ߶ţ˼ţѹʱޱȵļУУƺƺԼڱȶӲš
ʱƵȫ֮ڣֻһĴڡ
һһµҲţ㱼䣬ĵһɴδй⡣

ԼҲ֪ΪΣĵһ
ţ͵һ
ˣ
һڴ˳Χĵ޲һ㶡
ţ˱Ǽһɰƣ̨嵱бŷ˳˵ƣ˲䷢˷츲صı仯
ô£
˽һ㶣ЩȻ
ı仯ǰв̫һ
ǾãڳǰķƣƺǰһķƱĲһˣƺһһ㡣


353 Ѫ
ѵͻˣ
һȵ𣬴ȫʱһ˫˫ֱֱĿ̨֮ϵǸ꣬ǲ˼ɫ
ּǾ£Ȼͻˣ
ΪţǸѡȥսļޡ
̫ˣʧܣǾ͵ʧȥһС
ӵ츳˵ڣҲǳ⣬ԣǲҲȵ
ƣȴѡǲߵ·
սԼļޣ
ֻгڼΣյ£˵ľŻǳļУ㼯еľѰٽ㣬ԴﵽͻƵĿġ
ˡ
ͻڣ˵ֻѰѣǣϣͲһˡ
Ҫ֪ƾΪѾ۶Կˣڣͻ֮ʵٴα
Сӣˣ
ſڴЦյһɫкǳ죬ǵ⡣
ŮҲϲѣˮڣһƬɫ
ԼĽ
㣬ͯ壬һۣڶһĸпﰡ
ҲǣΪؼҩʦսޣʵҲ㲻ʲôΣյ顣
ţҲ¶һĨɫ
ԼǲҲҪսһأ
νţǷӣ

һ˲䣬ƸоԼ˵õһָоʵ̫ˣҪһֱȥ
ֻһʱ򣬲ŻôһΡ
ָоӵʱ򣬷ƾ֪ԼѾͻˡ
һǿ֮ڣһԪѾͣʮֵĳӯ
Ȼһླˡ
̫ˣ
ɰļ۾
ڣˣ
ϲá
ԼߵһˣԺԼߵĸԶԶ
Ϊģϲǿĸо֪վ۷壬ǵôһζ
ģ
ɫ࣬һһϮһѹ
ǵģǽһϣܵв
ߣҾͲˣ
һԪٴڱʱ䣬ֻצܸٴνƳһҾ롣
ڣ
һĨâ΢£򣡡
ͬһʱ䣬󲿷ԪһԵȫ뵽ˡ޷桯֮ڣʱâͬһ㣬ɢ貶ĿĹâ

һʹֻצֱʮǰõ۷Ӧʧһ˲䣬㵵Ŀ£צֱӱ롣
ֱٶɭâ꾡ðóһǲ棬ӭȥ
¡
ܵҵײһȻʱͬɽһ㣬һɰȻϯĻֱӺ˳ȥ
ͣ
ĵڵϣſڣ۱һѪԶǸ꣬ھǴ뾪Ȼ
ף˵ֻһӶʮ򣬵ǣڸղţԵĸоѾʮ
࣡
ʵ
һͷôɵġ
ߣ
ƺһǲȥ
ǶԼ裡
ҪҪѪϴ
ٺ٣
ĪۣƵھζ
ղͻƣûֵģˣȻ
һˡ޷桯ȭͷӭȥ

ѪһĻӡÿһ˵ļ䡣
һްϵȻһողŽڵѪˣ
˻
Ĵ쳹һ˫˫ڣǲ˼ɫ
ֳ۶ļ൱꣬ǿű𺳵ļľ࣬һεı𺳵ˡ
Ȼµ鷢ˡ
Ǹ꣬۷壬ܱ۷壬ʱѾٽżˣ
ܸоһٵĳɳţһ죬ʥɽ
յһҡ
ԼǸ߸ϵĸ磬ȻѪˣ
ǻңͬʧȥĹһ㣡

ſЦЦоֻȭͷݺݵĵãĺãٴص㣡Ѿģ
ٲȻԼָӹ٣̨Ҳæĸֺ
ǿ
㣬ͯ˵ڣһƬ𺳡
֪꣬ѾԶԶĳԼˣ龳磬ԼͲǶˣڣֻǳΪֵʸҲûˡ
ţǶ¶һĨЦ
Ƕ뵽Ĵڣõģ
˼Сӡ
̨ϷڵӰǼǴھâ˸ʮ㡣


354 Υ
أ
һװ죬̨ϲϵĴЩľ
磬̨ѾƻĲӣӰڲϵķţһ˳ֲ棬һȭʵ£˾Ȼĸ൱
۵һεĸ𺳡
ԼеĿƷȻ˲һ˿һֱԼ۾
ÿµֱۣ
˸⣬ƬֱۣоȻһĨľ⡣
ģ
һԵǼǴһֱڹ۲ߣаޣȴҲûκεİ취
̫ˣȫԲһǴʱԼȴõһΪѡ
ʵջȴ޿κΣ
Ƶȣȴǻϲ
ͻƵھ磬ģֹԪܣҪģ֮ڵӵеٴˣ
ΪΣҲ벻ͨǴģƾ޾ݵģϵڱϲ¡
ʱƾ豼ؾѾ۳ƽˣ
룬ǹжôۺ񣬾ƣҲﵽĵز
ۣĲֹһֻ޼᲻ݵֱۣױȵ츳
Ĺ֮һ룬츳ΪһΪ֮ǿޣ
ƣǵõ츳츳ĳɳɳ
ֱĳһ죬ﵽصĵز
ȭ
ؾӿһȭȥֱӱͽ۱һɫҲǵͨ죬Ҳ֪ģߵġ
ֱֲڶţΪġ
ʹ
ǷҲôܵģֲŵؼҩö֮ȻͻܵӰˡ
ȥˣ
ϵԽãԼԽԣ㶯ôˡ
һڶŷֱɶȥסȥ·
ô
챼ڵĺɫ¶һĨЦ΢£򣡡
ѾﵽڣѾﵽ˿ֲʮ
һʹΧĿռ䶼ǷһֵĿռ䣬ֵЩŤ
һǱڶĺ͵һϣһȭһţЩͷ­ҵķ飬ʱڡ
̧ͷǿѾƵۣʱһ
΢΢룬͵ͬһ˳ȥ۵һ㣬ӰƬȭͷֱ۵ؿڡ
ˮ򣡡
۴һʱ䣬һɺޱߵƣϱŷ˳ޱߵľķֱӱƷ˳ȥ

ɢͬһ㣬ĶţһͬХٰ졣
ȥ
ǧؾ˰ŷƾϯȥ
¡¡¡
֮׹ҲΪ֮ȥдݻһеƣ
ȭ
ؾͬͻХžϯľײ˹ȥ
أ
ˮĽ˰ҳһΣֻ΢΢˶٣޼ĳŷƱڶ
ôܣ
пһƬ㵣ٴδȭ΢΢þ˶Ĵڡ
ͬϺһ㡣
ˣ
棬ղĴЦ
ȻѾóѹ׵ؼˣؼ֮£Ǹսڵķƣȷ޷
ͬʱϵ˵ɫǳȥ
Σ漣ȷҪˣ
ߣҵҪԿ㵽жǿ
һ֣Ʊóˡ޷桯Ϣһ˲֮ڣǾ

նµİâֱײ˾֮У͸˽ȥ˼׵ľ룬ֱӾͱڴڵĺûˡ
һǾնȻҲֻһٶѣܸκεˣ
ʵĿ£ƣܽﾡһ㡣
֮õķƾȻһ޴ӵֿ
̫ǿˣǿĳ
žϯľˣʶĽ۵ǰܵصĴˣڵҩҲѾпʱ޸׼
þãԤеľʹû٣۾ƱǼһߵӰǰ
ߣǵǼǴǸߡ
Ȼˡ
һеľˣֻһֱֻۣ޾Ļâӿϯľ˾ֻһգų˻ϢľˣǻΪޡ
Ȼֲ˹
ϣ⡭
߾Ȼ֣һ㶣еŭȴҲ¶
õѾڣ
ߵ˵ţۻʲôһƲȫ˻ȥ
ߣǲģ


355 
ƽ֣
嵭֣ǻ߻صǼǴͷרĻĹͼˣʲôҲûзһ㡣
һμ߷޲̾
ߣ˵׼Ǿʥɽ֮һǾ˵ľǿߡ
Ƶޱȵ𾪡
ǿµľˣֻһձߣлҪ¡
ۺܱ۾ֱŷƣڣһƬݶ벻ʡ
֪ڣû֣һӵ츳ĵˣѰ֪һɳԼ϶֡
ˣֹǰһ
һ̨µĳϣһĨâ
ҲΪ򵥣ԼȣɳҲǾһ
뵽⣬һۡ
ѾģˣȻˣ˵ʲôҲûˡ
ˣ
۲޵һ
һֱܺá
һ΢ЦĿ
˰ԼڻңңأƣԼʡһҵʱ䡣
⻰Ǽٵĳ˳顣
Ȼ׷ָʲô
ԼоȻһݴˣ
ߣƣҾͲ㲻޷壡
ݺݵĹ˷һۣв˵һ䣬̨뿪˳أյȻѸٵĸβȥһص
һްĸ֣ȻһŽΧƽ֣£Ҳɨˡ
̫ǿˣ
磡
ĻţϵɫЩ̡̻
֪Լǻˣߵˡ
㣡
۸պƴȴǿģеŭѹ˻ȥ̾һ˵ʲôҲûˡ
Ĭâ˸˸ײ֮ɫǳɳȻ
ţת˵Ȼһһ˳һʲô̬֪̽ͨңô
磬ˣ
յ˵ͷҲ΢΢һ
š
ĵ˵ͷɭĵҾͲţǾһֱΧ壡ߣ

ٺ٣ɵĲ
ǰǴһ·Ƶļ򣬺Ц
˵̫硣
һĵ⣬ưһۣ۵Ļüͷݺݵ塣
ǰԼһֱΧ֮ڣ޷壬ǱҪȥġ
ô
ҲûУǻŻʲô壿
㣬ǣƱ͸ˡ
£
ٺ٣ʲô
˿Ϊ⣬۽һۣǵ۵ıӰ
СħڣԿģָ˭ء
Ƹ磡
ŮΧˮڣ˸ż
Ǻǣѽڸҵˡ
Цһȥ
εĴӮңȴ۵ӣֽڣνһ˫ã˫ϲš
ܿ͹ȥˣһţԣʥɽڣ˵Ϊһǧٶнš
³ϣ
򿪷ţƱǼһϤӰڷڣ΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˹
ʦ
³վ΢΢˳Ӳǣ¶һνЦݣķоᡣ
Ц粻Цȿ޻ѿ
ţͷ
ʱ䣬Լཫ¸ˣ³ż
ʱ󣬷Ʋջֱۡ
Щӣ³϶ǰҸҩɣ
˿ʵ
ţÿΡ
ڷƵĽ³Կûе֪Լٻ˰ľɴڿһΣյĴڣһԼҲòзϡ
ţһΣҪٹˡ
ûĵһۡ
ǸһСģԼҲܵǣÿһεΣԼһ㣬ʮ־񣬻òá
ƣ
ʦġ
³Ե˵ͷ
ţˣԺÿ͹һΰɣһֱҲá
ּһ䡣
ã
³ǵ˵ͷһĨůֵʦ˵ʥɽȱԣ
ţ˵ˣʶ¼мء
Ƶ˵ͷ
ʥɽȱԣһһΣǣֻУɷУҲʱ䷢һα䶯
ң˵֮ڣǰʮߣʸһβһΣ⣬ջĵġ
ݴ֮ڣ˴ĸ߼似ڻлĹؼĴڡ
һУҪ˵ĻԵʱڣܲ͸پǶ٣似ؼǶǲЯ뿪ġ
ǣȱԣΧһϵҲûУԣƲ³ΪͻȻ
ѵ
ţһ
š
ڷڴĿ£³Ե˵ͷ͵ʥΪ˿Ǹõ㣬ԣպΧڣҲһ񣡡


356 ʾ
񣿡
һ㶣ʵѵǰʮҲܽ
֪֮Լ似ٵĿתתȥ
򣬱ȭն
ǲҲ𵽳䲻Чǣȴ治ϣôĻ
ңö֮ЧҲԵЩζˣѾģֱӶѾϰʮˣûУǸûʲô
ԣʥɽڵĲƿǺΪڴ
š
³Գ˳ǣ˵ͷʥɽİǰʮԽһΣϢӦþͻṫˡ
Ŀһ۷ƣ˲ףˡ
Ϊν˵ı䶯
ⲻŵô
ûзôһ켶ҩʦڣʥɽô˵Ĵ
˵һĿģΪֺǰꡣ
Ŷ
۾һдϲ
ǰʮڵ˵׾ٵ飬Ҳ˵׵һνĻᡣ
֮õ顣
ʥɽڶѾ޴ӹˣ޾У룬ڵĲڸûжôۺ
̤һ㣬ڶʮܣڶ㣬ܣʦܻõһЩõĶ
³ѹС˵š
ö
һ㶣˹³Թ˹֣л³ˡ
֪֮У϶ǴлĹؼ㲻ǣҲǸ߽׵似ţǼ
͸ˡ
˵꣬³Ավһǲټ
Ǻǣ˼
ǣǳŴȥ
νҲеһЩ
³Բ˵Լ
ǣΪ³ƼŮôʥɽ˲µԼԼĴڣҲǺġ
Ϊ֪ôһ˵Ĵڣԣôһ
ԾԼʾá
ҪܵһؼǾˡ
̵š
Լ˲һ˶ؼΪУɱ׵ĶãΪĲ
ǣȴǲ̫һ
ľܲġ
أʲôԭҲ޴ӵ֪ƺ֪ȴϸԼ
õķЩСơ
ԣؼһֱǺڴġ
ԽԽðֶβŸࡣ
ҩʦǳߣǣԵ˵ʱɲǲǸ߽ҩʦԣʵΪҪģ
ԼİΣ˵У÷ƺܲϰߣԣҪŬԼ
۵¼ҲѾȥһˣһླ磬Ѿȶ
֮ڣǻתУк㣬ڣֹԪˣҪǣԪֱһ
ԪȫʩչնĻǾǷǳ˵顣
Ըͨһףǻûʲô⡣
õķЩС
һླѾȶƱǳŶˡ
ΣǷࡣ
һʱܿ͹ȥˣȻڶʥɽǴ¸ʾΧһ
˾ʥɽڶʱȻ󲨣رΧ壬ֱӾͷˣ֮ʱȥˣҲû˿ļ෴ҡ
ϢشϢ
ײŽģһԺӣǳĺ
˴֮ڣŷ֣˶ñĵĿ⿴

һ㶣ϵɫһǳ˳飬ѵѾ֪ˣ
ЩһԾûŰô֪ģ
š
˶ǵ˵ͷҲϲá
Ǵλᰡ
ĿǰʵøǰʮǸûʲô⣬ԣϵڱĴϲ°
סˣ˵Ļǧ⴫
վһŮ˳ȥ
˾ɫͬԴм飬úһ̫ϧˣңȥ޷֮Ⱦɫ϶ǲˡ
ιʲô㻹ûأ
㶣׷ȥ˵Ĺ򣬷ƺܿͱĥˡ
ϰؼҪǻԵ
ûлԵǵõؼҲû˿ô
ٺ١
֪֮󣬳ϲķŹ˷ƣǵĳŴмȥ
һ
Щεҡҡͷ

ŮϵƽǽЦ
Ѿͷǰɣ
ƹŭֵ˵ŮǣһţЦĺԶԶɷˡ
ʱţܿ죬ȱԱǽӽˣЩӣм̨ûһǿȱģ˶ƴˣԼʵ
̤ջ޷ܵģֻҪһؼǾпʵ۷塣


357 ռһ
ȱݱĽţΧڣȫǻʳļӵܣΪһȵǰͽ޷ˡ
ʮʱ䣬޷ҲܣǸòǰ
ԣǷƵ˵ֵˣĺ٣ٵĿ
ɷϣǵ츳ȷǲɶõľ֮ţǣСΧ峤ȻѹжƼȣǾͲ̫ˡ
ƣͲ˵ˣϣҲдԵˣӵĹؼ֣ǰҲ֡
㣬֮ʱͲ͸һĹŴ󣬶һ֮Լ似ӽںϡ
飬ǷҲ첻
޷󣬰㵽β͸ĹŴģ⣬˵Ҫ츳ԡ
ˣȻͶˡ
ͯ壬ɱһֵܵɱеģֻ˶ѡ
ħ
Щ⣬Ȥμӱԡ
Ϊһʦ飬˵ȷֻ˷ʱѡ
Ů΢һЩͱȽϴˣȻЩѾͻƵڶླ磬ǣЩǱԶԶģûʲôɱУǰʮǲܵ顣
΢ЩϾԪĴѾﵽ˿ֲļƷ̶ȣƷ쾧ܣʵµĽΪ磬ҪǰʮкܴѶȵġ
Χ˱Ƚ٣ҲͼԣǱȽѸٵġ
ǳ¯ˡ
һģǷơ
ѾһླΧڣȷѾҲˣ޷Ļֱǵ׵Ĵڡ
һ࣬Ͷ˿ףûĵ
ڶģȻǳСӣΪ۴̼ǰ죬ѾͻƵླˣһȣʤˡ
ͯ壬һɱ̫Ϊֱӱɱǧٿףסԣֻλӵˡ
һΣ˭ƣ
ϵģȻ󷢴Ҳ֪ǲǷƵãȻҲǰʮеھţ
˳ɼõķҲΪ֮ࡣ
εεŮ˿õ˶Ǵһ
עǰʮԵˣҲڣʮɼ˵ѾǺܲˡ
ֻǣһȥȴõЩƲ֣ƺİοҲûʲôá
ô˸ûвμӱԵġħ֮⣬ȫϣĳɼõΧĿࡣ
ϲǣյԴӱһʼûùһֱ״̬
ϵ˾ˣȻһʮŮҲ磬ڱ̨һ˲䣬Ҫȥײǽˡ
һˣȻȫʮǿֱӽǰʮռһ
õβ
Щ˿ɶԼĳ˰
ͬʱҲԼһ˵ǱԼĸ磬Щ˱Ҳòȥ
ң
ԴˣҲûκεİ취
ʥɽĹ涨𾳽磬ǾͲΧԣһǾͲ޷ԣͲڵɷ壬ҪȻ˳ȫˣ
Ҳ֪ܹܲǰʮ
޷巽̾һԼԺȥ
ȺįӰ˶ͶֻĿ⡣
ǰƾԼĸΧη۵ֻڣһȺӣ㹻ֵȥͷ۵ˣȻˬѡ

ȻΧıѾˣǣɷޣıԻڽУҪȵ˲һͬǰ
һʱ䣬ȫ˰οϣȻŮûʲôˣҲЦɣǣȴһĨŨŨȻ
õķƼΪۡ
֪ΪλˣԸԼĺȡ
ҲѾԶԶĳõû˰ȫУǻ˼롣

Ůͻ˷䣬Ʋ˿ϵЦҲ˿Ц
֪ʵԼȰ˰죬һҲûС
̫Ѩ߻˷䡣
³ϣ
³һ
ѾôˣҾٶһɣ˵ڵҲֵǮ
ңʥɽȻΪԼһѾ޷ˡ
ϲʦٻס
³վŷƹ˹֣Ϊп˵š
ΪûпƵı֣ףΣڰأǿķǳס
겻ֹһ켶ҩʦͬʱӵмΪ츳ʵ̫ѵˡ


358 Ƶķ

ʱ󣬷Ƴĺ˿ϣǺɫҲԵЩƣջֱۣξ͵⵽ɡ
лʦ
˳ڼΣ³˱Ե࣬ǰ꣬ڣֿĸм
ʣ¼ĸ켶ҩʦ˺˵
ֱδŵ顣
ǣȴ˿ҲûС
Ǹ࣡
Ǻǣ
ҩתƺܿǻָ˹ĲһϵĺˮЦһֵ³ϣм²֪ܲУ
ʦ뽲
³һ£ء
û취꣬˵֮á
ٺ٣Ǹ֪ġ
ͷŮסŬŭ죬ڨڨ
֪ģ
³һ㶣˹ʦģ¾Ͱˣʱǰȥ
ҲһֱעŷŮĶ̬Ȼ޷⡣
һȫûκ⣬Ҫ֪ȻΪ࿪һ񣬻ںһô
ֻͲء
ˣͶл³ˡ
ƴϲеʯͷǷ
¿Խˡ
С¡
ĸм³Գ˳ǣ¶һĨνЦ⣬ʧڷڡ
ٺ١
ǣȥɡ
ʱҹ
ڴϣ˿ûΪеˡ
˵ƺȻˡ
Ŀߣ
磬ѧԺ֮ڵĺֱ磬ĹżĹĹ
طƶҪȥһΣǣƾڵʵӦòĲԶˣĹĹֱʮǧ
ôλǿ߶ûܽǼͷޣԼһڣڻҵʸҲûС
·ܳ
ĹĹ֮ڿӵ֮ļأȥһΣ
ΣȥҲһĿġ
Ҫż֮ϣǷйڷϴڵⷽļء
һ֮ˣΪλûлҷʲôĴڣǿʲôάֵģ
Щƶ֪Ϊ÷ϻָ
⣬һֱеһĽᡣ
һҹܿ͹ȥˡ
һ̶ˮ峺ףиʽС̶֮ζ˼ֻ
̶ߣ£ƾĿ£Ůһԡ
΢΢һĨЦݣ˭ܿĳʱΪƣȻҲЦСƺҵ
㡣
̧ͷĻ
ţ
ǿĳǣЩɻĿ
Ƹ磬Ҿˡ
һֶŷ˵ҲȥǸʲôˣҪ㡣
˵䣬ζ˵СϾǾȻᶨ
á
һ㵵ĿڵɫЩҡ
ף֮ΪԼЩ죬ͷһᣬǵ
һ̣жѵǲαװļǿɴģõķƷҡ
ɵϣʲôأ
ƺĪԭֻӣ˭֪Ȼ˵ĴͬƺӾᣬһʰ
οߣǱߵҲ˹ñһţֱޱȣõķֱײǽ
ʲô
˺ˣˡ
ŮڻУͬ滨Сһʹ
ŮΪԼ̫ˣҲѹһԼһ磬ԼȴİȫҲûС
⣬õķ
ҧ촽ǹȵζڿǻš
һУΪԼ̫
ɵϣǺƸڣȥôٵأ
ƣƺСĵĨŮϵˮȵˮƣ΢΢š
ţ
⻰Ůһ㶣ڻˮȴǲĿ
Σ˻һͬȥģ
Ůע£ٴص˵
ʱҲҿЦˣһ۵ĿԼ
Ů΢΢Щ׵ڵѪʹЩ޷ˡ
Ϊ⻰ŮĿͣ۾ЩȻĿ
桭ô
΢΢鶯űͷЩʵʵ
ɵϣƸ˵Ļм٣
̲ס΢΢СͷҲſ޵ϡﻩӣкֺЦ
ҲԿĳŮ֮Ѿˡ
Ժ׼ˡ
ɫδתŮӵ뻳УıҪ֪ǺƸܵģûʲôˡ
Ҫ֪֮ʥɽֻһڣ˼ұֱڣҪһƺҲǶˡ
ţŮ뵽³ԣǸɲߡ


359 
־ȥŮĸǸһ㣬һμ֮ʱԣֱǷ˷츲صĸı䡣
Ůǵģ׽һ㣬໥֮䣬ûһ˿ļ϶Ҳûһ˿֮ɫ
Ů֮ãõĽѣͬʱҲп֡
ɫŮΪһ˳飬˵ˣ꼫Ĳ򵥣һرĶǡ
ʱĺܿ죬ɷıԣ֮Ⱥˡ
죬³ԺˣֱӴƼȥļϣ׼֮󣬵ǼǴ߱Ǵǳʥɽ۷塣
Ѿڴ˵ȺˣǾɷǰʮĵ
ţһȥ
仰ֱ߱ȥת۱û֮ڣټ
һɨۼ䣬ƾȻһˡ
ۣ
ǰʮô
΢΢üͷ۵츳Ѿһ۷ȷʸʶǰʮ
ţͻˡ
Ǽˣ۵ɫΪһ˫â˸صɨŷϣĿܹɱ˵ĻѾ֪˶ٻˡ
ˣûܺãǾ͹ˡ
Ƶõף⣬ǣôһŮƾһԵԪȻҲǰʮЩˡ
ر˵ӦΪƷ쾧ԪõΪˡ
䣬ѵԵ쾧
ǾԲܵġ
ǣǣָû͡
ѵҲĳؼ
ϰԵģֱӾʹӻĹؼ滳ɣϾѾ˷һˣӵؼҲʲôܵ顣
״ôؼ
мʣȴҲԴ޿κΡ
ǼһﾹȻڣ
ۣɫ΢΢Ȼ
ǳȥƣΨһовĶ֡
ˣԼһ˿δǣΪȴԼǰ棬õĳϲòӡ

ǣԵ˵ЦʱʱĶŮЦ˳ڶĿ⡣
ŮһΪĵɫΣչ˳ͬһʢѩһ㣬ţͬ顣
ͦεˣС΢̵βϣκһҲһ˿覴ãĽЦ΢΢ţճһĻ
֮ϣʩ֬ˮۣȴѩ׾Ө˫Ĩ糺죬һݾջ
ˮӯӯˣǣӣĹ񹤾ɣգϢ
䣬ΧһЩ΢֮һ˫˫ȫ֮ϣþòܻ
̫ģֱ˵Ĵڣκε覴续߲ʳ˼̻ľŮһ㡣
ʱƱǸеһ˫˫еĿԼɨɨȥ
Դˣһһ֣뻳УӵţʾռС
΢΢һ㶣˹һĨ㣬Žţ̽ͷڷԼӡǡ
ʱ䣬һĴ
ţ
ϴĽȣһŮžĺ̲ס΢΢
ȿȣ
һĴ𣬾һԳڰ֮ڵԧ졣
ЩѾģǹģ
Ʒŭţ΢΢һ䣬Щߺ㵵Ŀ£ֱӱǺԥĳһһϵӣȥ
ʱΧǴһٵĺһ˫˫۾Ҫ
̫ˣ
ѾľͲ͵ô
֮󣬷ƺǵĳɨһȦЩĽʺ޵Ŀ⣬кǵ⡣
Ҫ棬ҵŮˣ
һߵŮֻаޡ
ðײ˶ˣ
ϵļ˰ɣ
СӣһླΪҲܽǰʮѵΧѾûô
ɶСӣպҪÿ
һڶѣʲôʸӵǵȾɫ
ߣƣ
վģǴʵǵ츳ӹɣ˵պϣҲǰ϶¡
ϣ
һĶͷԵЩʹ㣬ͯķԶԶģһҸģ
һѾͷ۵ˣڷһٶֱӾǽڳֱȫˡ
ôˣ
رǿ۶Ǽָָ㣬˵ʲôʱиֱð
ˣڳȫ񹫵ˣԺʥɽӿôţ


360 ڶʮ
һĵĽ˵Ƽ˱ǳȫ񹫵Уһ˫˫ʻյĿ⣬ڼɨɨȥ
Ǳġ
Ǹߵоֱ˴˵Ĳ
ǲԼ˷
߸ϵǣʱƹ
ǵһΣ
ֻǣǲףһһླ磬Եˣôʥɽģôǰʮģ
Ƿ֣ŮҲǱ֮΢һѣڶ࣬ͬԣ˾ȻǰʮǸһ㡣
Χûˣ
ټ۹ⲻͣǿŷƵĿ޲ǳ˱ĵɫ
϶һд󱳾Ķѡ
ôһ룬Щͻˡ
ʥɽڣݣκεơ
⣬ֻʵ
Ƶ˵ļǱǼ
һ棬ѵǲУ
ĳϼʹģһĨݵĻȣڷƸһĵĿʱϵĵܿ㽩ڣâ˸
꣬ȻԼôǰ澡ʧ
˵Ҳġ
ƵΪ͵ˣҲ
Щû̫ȥ⡣
ˣպм飬ô
Ҫѹ޲ԼЩˣõѡˡ
վǰ۵ģǰľľʹɫӨ
ȻȫľɣľʣӲѾѰĽഫҪһӡǶǲܡ
ʥɽĲ棬˲似ؼԼĻĹؼ
棬似ؼؼûȷıȽףԣģȫԵ
֨£
ţһƵĴűΪ֮ˣʱԭЩϸСҲȥ
һϣ΢΢ЩձӰӺĲ˳
ϡһͷ׷ϡϡңһܲͬнľһ˫ǵ΢΢ţû˿ɣֻ΢ɨһˣʹͷȥ
أǶɣ
˻ƣͬĥɰһߵĿл³ƺǺܳû˵һ㣬֮ԵЩֿڡ

Ӧ
û˸СߣȻһͨһ㣬û˿Ԫǣʥɽ۷壬ҵػˣ˭ָ˵ֻһͨ˶أ
ԽǿͨԽɲ⣡
ãߵΪܻ³ԣ
û˵ʲôֱ˽ȥ
߰ɡ
΢΢ЩðС֣˵һȥ
ۇR
һ˽֮űһ쵱º£

Ʋ֮ϣ
Ȼʥʥʹ
һࣿ
üͷ΢΢ڣһƬɻ󣬡Ϊλȹھģ
ЩɵһԵʥʹ
ʥ˰ɣҲǰһ
һαɣʥʹкƣһóȴ˵¡
⡭Ҳ԰ȻҲǵһ
㶣Ȼĵ˵ͷʵѵĳؼ
ţңƺѾ֡
ʥʹ΢΢˳飬һĨ𾪡
ؼҲбףľʵ͵ͬɱ򲻵ѣ˭ᶯؼ
ȴãһֱʹãҲһֱţģƺĵĲǾһ㡣
õǲ⡣
ԭƾؼȡʤ
ٴλȻĵ˵ͷ´ζҪԿǺؼ
߰ɡ
΢ƿʧƲ֮ϡ

ںİֻÿϰڷмöħħɢӨ⣬ΧĺڰȾ
Щ߽֮ûͣ׷ǳȥЩֱ˶¥
ȻӦҲǵһˡ
ʱֻ죬Ҳ࣬ɲܹվ˷ˡ
Ƴʹ˸ɫ˱ǷɢΧȥ
ϾҲֱӾһȫһ𣬶һһͬȥһ
̫ˡ
һʱ󣬱ûעǵĶ̬ۣҲһƵ似ǲޣ˶ǳ˽ȥ
ʮܡ
۵С֣ͣͣ˵ڶʮǰ

ֻվһԣ΢΢ϣУȴһɢɭɫâľᣬ֮ϣżһӨϯȫ
ֻ΢΢һ㶣Ʊô£ͬʱҲסҪǰȥк
ڲ͸ؼ


361 Ĺŵ۾
Ȼܲ͸ؼƵǰ
ؼٲˣֻᰵһʱ䡣
ʱ͸ӦһԵؼᣬɭȻİâֻǿţҲΪ֮
ף
΢΢һ㶣˵Χ¶ӦҲӰŶԣڣΧƺûܵκεӰ죬˲ͨЩƣûһ˿
õķЩɻ
Ƿ֣Ľ£һŵ⡣
ԭ
ͷƱǿڽ£ذ϶ǲɬѶơ
ȻԭΪˣЩɢȡˡ
⣬ȷǸð취
ǵӦôɣ
š
ĵ˵ͷҲ߽ܣѩ׵ֽܷܷһ𣬴ٷ£һѡ˹ȥ
ʱ䣬ɲǺܶ࣡
ǣߵܵһߣҲʼѰؼ߸߽似
ؼȻɹ󣬵似Ҳǲȱٵġ
֣ƽһ˳ֽʣѾЩˣǣȴǸɾ࣬û˿Ļҳ
ƣ
һֱֻ֪似ѡ
չᣬ΢˿ǽ֮£Żԭλ
ƣⲻֻһ似ѣǻ뱼ȭһȣǾͲ̫Զˡ
ûж룬ֱó˵ڶᡣ
似ؼͬ似ֻҪˣգؼһҪǻԵ
Щ֮ڣ似ؼؼһҲ֪λߵͣܵĴСؼʵǺܺϵġ
ϰ򲻿
һѾѡʮˣȴûʲôջڼ䣬ѡؼᣬǴ򲻿ûȫŻȥȵΧģ΢ųס
Ǽ֮ļǺš
ף
£һ㣬ƿһЩƵ鼮֣Ⲣһ似ؼ
һּǣ
ǿߵΪľ
֮󣬷ƾȻ֣ԼȻ
Щ֣ʱڵģ
Ҳ˵ⱾּǣǻĹʱּǣľǸĹʱڵǿߡ
ⱾּǵĴڣƺˣ³һֵ⣬ӦҪԼⱾּǵģֻǣԼȴǿ֡
ʵõ
ˣܸܲӦ
Ҫ֮Żȥʱ͵һǻı۾ȥ
ãһĻĻƵĻǳǰ
޾ǿɱѪ죬ڲһƬѪ죬ɷڳ壬޾ԩѪ֮ţƽУġ
һµߣվԶĵϣ¼һУڣǱʹġ
㱼䣬һڷƶ쳹
Ԫǧ˰ʮ꣬۾ƿնȥԴˣȨ´ңΪ۾һλսԪ½ΪŸӪ
ʤأȻ֣Ԫ½ٴȷѪ꣬ŵһĿ⡭ս󣬾Ŵ⣬Դˣ۳
ԼʱƲ۾˿ڣһƬ֮ɫ
ּ֮ϣ¼˻ĹǰΪδսԵɣ֮һЩ顣
ֻеĴ¼ȴԵЩףԿĳľվ۷
ֻһʷļ֤ߡ
ǣЩϢУҲŵ֪һЩ顣
ڻĹ䣬ӦоŴΪʱĳԭһ۾ѹ壬̫ƽ£Ȼ۾ƿնȥ֪٣ŴΪȨ֡
صʱȴ֣ŵٴκУص£⣬Ҳûǰ
۾ŴУ
ЩʣЩϤϾĹż֮ϣַǲٵģģǵһ˵
һ½
ƲɵĵһڣһƬ𺳡
ĹʱڣǿƣǸʱڣΪ۾ˣȻվ۷壬ȺۣǵҪʲôΪ
޷ȥ
ǣöӵʲô
뵽ڻĹż֮ڣ֮ʱЩ档
ͨ貵ӣǷ
źǣľּȴûмйǸӵЩҲûм¼Ĺʱڵеġ
Ĵ½ôӵأ־ôģ
ּǷŻԭƵã
֣Խ˽Ķ࣬Խ½
Ŵˣˣ
Բܣ
뵽⣬ƻһһɽȸдĵ


362 ӡ

ص˿ƻ˻ͷЩͷͷ˳ȥ
ԼڵʵʲôҲˡ
Ҫ߸ϣҲϡʲôȨҪܼ򵥣˵ƽԡ
ҪһУֻԼļһĻѡ
˶ѣ
ȻͬʱҪ֤Լ£ȻһУͻͬˮ£ΪӰ
䣬ôһʱըĴڣʱʱ̶̿в
ͻ䣬ƿУ

óǱּһԵһᡣ
ӡ
һֵ似ֵʮֵİ죬ѲܽҲɣ
̬ƴᣬݣֱӱ˷ƵעҲƲ
ӡ죬򸲵أۼԪԪ쵹أǬ
ƪ¼ֱӾ˷Ƶע⣬壬ư磬¶ֻһ֣õķƵĺ
ⲻһͨ似
󼼣
û󼼣ͬȴźܴĲ졣
δȡɢѭãǣӡȴǲͬ
ԪΪԾΪԪΪãӶﵽ츲صЧ
ɲһջ
㹻£񷣬ǬҲпܵģ
һ켶󼼣
һˣܿܲǺܴ󣬱ϾһϵԪѣң徫Ҳ޵ģͺ̶ܴȵ˷ӡܣ
ǣ
ڷǾͲͬˣ
ʱӵֲͬԣңպ󻹻᲻ϵӣ
ֲĵط
ңɲ¾ģôһǼӴⷭӡܣ
ţƼҲЩ
󼼣ֱӾΪԼ׼ģֻҪܹܣǾͿ޶ȵļӴܵޣ
ֻǣΨһ֮ǾԽǿᣬ۵ʱͻԽãڶսУзԼôʱȥƣ
ѾܲˣֻҪʹţԲڵؼ߽似ܣﵽޣֻ켶似

ѹеļƳ˿ǿȥ
ʱһһεţƵȫ뵽ᵱУһһţš
󼼣Ҫľ󷨵գԣеʱ䶼Ƿ֮ϡ
һһʧܣû˿٣෴ģ־ܣĿľݣ
ףҲ³ԵĿ˰ɣ
Ϊ޷桯
³ûӡƲ֪ǣ³ȴ֪Լű˫ԵԣԣŻԼڶʮܡ
ţж³Ƕһݸм
һܿ͹ȥˣǸƣһֱţҲһӵľᣬֲܷܷϵĻӶţϵˣҲһš
ÿ˶Լջ
ˣ
һķڷ˳ͷڵƱףԼɹˣ

۾˿ڣһƬϲ
ˣ
ٴĵһ飬ǼȥԼʱڽ᳹׵Ĳˡ
ʱ򣬷Ǽģһ飬ǣԲУֻԼûƣǸ߾ͻԼǰ˰ɣ
ʰƽŻԭλ΢΢¶ףóһᡭ
һʱ֮󣬷ƽһŵľȫˣ⣬ҵļؼᣬǴ򲻿õпԭԼ츳ҲǺܺ
ܿ죬һʱȥˣڶʮҲȫһ飬ĳɹǡӡȻһ似Ϊǲ
似似һͬǼϡ٣ܵõ⡮ǲƵ鲻ڵõӡΪͬǱľ
ȡǡǡȻ֪ܴܲﵽǡĵزǣݷƹƣ⡮ǲʩչҲٶȡ
ڣභĻʤȻǰֻܷ۷ʵ
⡮ǲʵ˷ʤʵˣܱر似
һᣬɨһۻڲǣǳŶ¥ȥ
ܵõһּ롮ӡƶԶ¥Ǹܱǳڴ
ȻѾڶ¥ˣһҲڣһɢľᣬһ˫Ҳǻâ¡
Ȼֵһؼ
츳ãõķۺ죬˸ؼᣬԼȻһҲϰõΪơ
ҡҡͷߵܵԱߣһ㿴


363 
֮ںֻܰм߶÷žû˵Ӱ쵽ˣǻᱻֱӳȥġ
⣬ҲǲĹ涨֮һ
ٴηеľᣬƲźۼüͷ
ѾǵˣܣҲ˰ߣȴҲûʲôر似Լϰؼ
ǱѾĵһؼõѾһֱŷ죬ĨܵĻ棬ƺ޲þƴһһ
ǣ
Դˣǣ÷
ҲҪԣⷭӡΡ
ǣڣȻ˷ʱ䣬棬似ؼ似ˣ㲻ã似ҲС
ңȥЩЩ֮ڣؼ似Ҳǲ٣ҪģǿԵԣܲͨˣǸӲܣҲޡ
ûж룬ƵƱֱһᡭ
֣һɭǳƣֱԺ꣬õһëȻë
ûӦǱ뵽һ֮С
꣡
Ļŵâķƣ˫ԲɣӼۿǳ˳飬û˵ʲô
׵ķˣ
ţѾؼˣ˵Ѿһ˼ˣڶ࣬ѾǲܵˣϾҲûмؼġ
ǣǰľȴҲˡ
ֵһؼ
õĳϲĶ־ֳȥ
꣬ô
СӹȻǸţȡ
һ䣬ٴѡ˾ᣬֶ밡ϾʱѾȥˣֻʱ䣬պôУ

ʱƵֻ޾ɭȻͨףûеڶɫ
ģ׵磬ƾȻԵĸоƺļǣϸϸĻֲǵԼļ
ܵ޾ɱ⣬ɭǣÿʱỵ̈类̵ǧٿһ㣬޾İâϴȥ
ǣȻû¡
Щâƺ˲
֪һؼռ䣬ɨһΧֱȥϸϸĸâҪĶ
ķƱƺһһ㣬ҲϵŰâɭΪеһӡ
꣡
۾׵ĹâɭȻ̹ǣһ磬ʧ٣ȫ˳ŵףذ壬ûӰ쵽Χ˿
ֶһ˵ؼ
ھаȵЦ⣬ɳ̧ͷǿǵЦ⣬ʱֱһ
֪ƿ϶ֵõöˡ
ûǵõöˣ˱رġ
еؼΪ룡
ַ۳ΣɱһУ˷ʤνǾɱ
ȻǰҪƳķ
Ҫ֪徫εģ۾εɱУмܷ
̵Ľ˻ȥһƳüͷƵζʮ㣬ӳ鴤ûᣬϵĶȴǸˡ
ǺܴʱǾǱȵƣǵƼ似ôõô
֮񶨵ġ
ʱѾˣһβ֮УȻƣδģҪΪ³Եѡ
ӵؼ൱Ķడƶɣǲ³ԹôѡŵģԼܲá
ʱǺܱˣҲû˷ʱ䣬ѡ϶ҪʺԼģΣһЩҵ似Ҳ΢ɨɨȡеһЩ
ⲻ˷ʱ䣬ǣƾãÿһ似Ƕһڡ
绢ƣĳʽƽܣЩ似ǶԼرĳʽƣȡЩӶﵽԼÿһǶȳжܴﵽЧ
ҪСٳɶ࣬ңƸһֱҪԼ似
ЩǾ
似˴ģҲܳ䴴ߣԣܾͱˡ
Լ似ĻȻѣҲܲ⣬ǣȴһֱԸƣֱܽԼȫƷӳΪֹ
㣬ƾԼյƣΣΪ󼼣ôԶ
㶼ܸԼ似ԼΪʲôܣ
һϵеͷӷԺȻ죬ȴ÷Լķ
ҪԼ似
ţ
ڼ棬ƷһӵСӣΪ¼
ں棬Сӷ
¼С棬ûмʲôĵãʲô似ط¼һЩ˹ˡ


364 λ
Ȿɫӵļ¼棬ƿ飬磬Щ츳ôǣȴħޣ޹ͨӶõĹϵΪ顣
ˣΪʦ
Ȼʽģ¼ϻмأһڣһԣûбһ˵Ĵ츳Ҳֻǵ󣬻ı
ͬԣܵͣΪսܳŶã
֮һ˷Ƶע
澹Ȼһʣ
ֻǣ¼ȴǻʡ
ȻԣǣԪȴһ㣬ʱ϶ΪûõķǣĳɳԪĴȱҲųɳڳΪһĴڣ֮ĳɾ;жߣ¼Ҳûᡣ
ԳΪ߾ˡ
Ҳ˵ٶܳΪô
ڷһĨ
ߣѾǳǿ߰ĴڣǿߵĶ٣ҲǺһʳ̵Ĵڡ

ƺ˿ѹѹеļ¶䣬ҪˣȻͻᱻԽˡ
İŮ꣬ǣȴԼĴ塣
ԼŮˣӦԼ
ԽԼǲͳ˳ˣ
󣬴ʱͻƵڣԪĴȱѾﵽ˿ֲļƷȣĺôֹԪܴС׵ٶȡ
ԪԽߣɾͲŻԽߣ
ͻƵôԪĴܴﵽֲĳƷȣ
ǣ൱ڼƷ쾧ܵˡ
أƷ֮ϻнױô
Ȿ¼ǣȴ壬Щģ⣬ǵһʲôĽλ
֮˼ǳƷ֮ϣĽλ˵ʥƷ
ԽǿȥƵ¾Խߣ֮治Уֻ벻ģû䲻ᷢģ˹£õķĿࡣ
λ
һΪӲֳڷƵڣõΪ֮һ
ȻΪ֮һĲΪһֱ֣á
λһҩ
˵⣬ʵã
ƾһãǿ߶ҪΪ֮
ûλľ
ˣˣ
һãƵĺȻǼҲΪ֮ӿٶȡ
֡λãһͷ뵽˷ϣ֮˻ԣǾΪĹȡ
һ⣬ڣⲻ˭ļ¼ϣȻܲ侫ҩڡ
λ
ƿ߶ţ΢УӨ˸
ֻһãƱ¶ģһҪõһ꣬ǣɱǣⱾ¼ϣȴֻǼˡλãȴûмԣ״Ҳûݡ
ƺҲֻǵ;˵ƶѣûġλĴڣǻд˵
¼ƶδҵļ¼ɵģ΢΢Щʧ
ֻ֪֣ȴ״ΣˣҲʧ룬ƴʱжˡ
ֱƵ˼ޡ
ôһҪõһλУ
ȻǲܽҲ֪Ӻ֣ǣܵ˵ȴǶһϣô
ţƱǽⱾ¼˻ȥڣϲɫ
ܿģʱתۼ
ʱ䵽
ĥɰһڶõĲÿһ˶Ϊ֮𣬸Щһ뱻ϣӶǰƵҪѪ
ȻʣҲԴ޿κΣƵҲҶͣеľһţǳųȥ
棬һŻϲƵӣǳǰķƴ澹ȻλɫŮ˳˶ǾЩ졣
嵭ŵŮǺʱģôȥģ
û֪ô£һֱǽЩĿˣŮң˵統УΧ˶ǲһ㡣
ŮӣֽȻͬķ飬ȴͬġ
һˮ֮ˣǾ˷ʤһۣ֮ڣ޷԰Ρ
һȻָţǵĨ޵Ц⣬õ˿һۣҲǣĵ΢Цõ˸ԸΪ֮ٽȥ
λɫȻΧһԣСӵģЩԶһǶʻգһ˫˫۾Ҫ
ϵҲһͬˣƵһΣյĿ⣬õļޱȵ
Լɶ£
ôȫСһ׬ˣԼ˻ҪڹõǴ̾ˡ
ʱǼǴ߱ƶĶһˣҲûжʣֱӽʮһ˴ȥ


365 
ԣ
µ˹㳡֮󣬳ԵЩԾԣڸŨŨ
ã
ƳŮһЦһԾһŵ̨
ٺ٣㳢ҵУ
ϺٺһЦӿĨܵĻ棬ʱȼ
ͣ
ĻЩ̫һ͸ûκεɫͬѪɫ΢΢Զ䣬ΧĿռ䱻յЩŤһ̶Ҳ֮
ⲻͨĻ棡
ûؼĻԪ
µõؼΪӡؼԪΪá
ʱһĨӷԺ
һԣǣ˵ؼǻüľԪΪã÷ƲɣѵĹʱڵ˶
ϢͬһԺը졣

ͷһȵϢ΢΢һ㶣ǼһȭͷǰһȻľͲǲӰڳ֣ԥľڳϱ
أ
ӭģһȭͷһ죬˸˿
꣡ôģ
ϵ۾ǲ˼ʵ
벻ͨôƤӵģǹȵٶȣõЩëȻ
ٺ٣˵أ
һȣǲƻһӰϣһǳڳ
飡
ȭͷգϱвͷһȭŵŵŵ岽ɲסΡ
꣡СӲõ似ɣ
һ΢Цķƣһ𣬳ʵ
źߡ
ûзϣЩϷʵĿԵЩĪĳϣǾЦ⡣
ǲȻǴģûɾѾٶȣɣ룬ˡ
˸𾪡
ֶһž
ͯ壬Ҳһء
ٶȣϸĽŲԼͬҲϡ
ţǵǶ¶һĨЦ
ԭΪ˫֮ľˣôһƺԽԽԶˡ
ңǿǿ껹õһؼûʹá
ԴˣŮĻϲڣһƬ˷ܡ
һĻһǵǳ˳飬ʵһ۷Ƽˣβʧڽ䡣

˲ˣȥģ棡
ҿգÿζܵ͵ϮƵҪѪһ˦֣š
Ŷ
ƶסΣƣҪģ
ţ
΢΢һ㶣ҲǣüͷһȻ
ȻԼյؼʮ㣡
Ǿɡ
˵ţɫһǣӡ
ţ˫ִһɬѶӡӡĴڵľܵǣ˳գγһɼĴģ͡
ˣ
һΧĿռһζƺܵǣһ㣬İ׵ģϳɫ
һֻɫƳͣǼӿΧԪȡΧһϸ΢ƿ֮
¶Χռһ죬һۿɼԪѸٵֻ֮ڣõɫŨˡ
˻
ΧȺڣĴ쳹һ˫˫۾Ǿ㵵Ŀеֻơ
ǺɫԾǻԵԪǲףΪԾȻܾۼһ𣬶ںˣ
ף
һĻǵǼǴҲ޷ƽˣǵڣâ˸ƺҪֻɫƿƶȴþÿʲôŵ
ѵȻϵһ֮壿
߿ૣȥֻһ̨ܱһɫ
Ҳ˿ڷƣٴʹ˻ֱ֣ǳ˺죬ϣɫǣȴûͣ£һĨ˸š
ɫ
ʹؼ֮ʹû֣Ȼ۳ɫĻ
Ҳѹ֣Ȼһƴˡ
һֻɫƣۣҲˣ
ȥ
ڳϵźˮֻĳɫֳŷ˹ȥ
ӡ
ͬoһ㣬л䣬ٴһӡ
ۇR
һ죬أɫѹʱͬ£գֱ̨ݣ̨ܵҲѹļΪŤƺʱпѣĳ֮ϲŻȶ
¡
ֻײһ𣬷ľ죬ͬʮ̨һŲ̋һƬǽ塣
˿Կϵֻɫֻ֣Ͼ֮£ֻǼͱ𵱳£̨һ޴ӡףػζ˺ðͣ
ʱȫž


366 Χ
ںܰű򿪣˽
磡
Ƕŵۣӭȥ
µôˣ
嵭ʵ
ˡ
նסΣһĨ˵СӽзƣһеļӵܣҲ֪ʲôʺ˵˻ԵĳɾͣˣһЩߵƷ
Ƶ飬סֻȥһ˻ʳǣ֪һ
ĸ
۰ָϵĽָš

ܺã
۵˵ͷ΢˿˵֪ͨ尲Űţ֧ԮһܱߵļһЩʡ
磬Ϊʲô
ɻʵ
ߣ
һĺǳ˵ĵ˾ѣ㶼ô
ԭѵ롭
۾һۣ¶˷ܵɫ
û
âһۿɭ˵ţ̫Σˣܷɳȥ
ʥɽڣǲɱ˵ģǩЭ顣
ǣ޴£ôǩ
Ȼʥɽ޷֣͵ƵıԭΪĳ壬ڵĽ׵Ķ
һѣǸߵҪҲ÷ʲô
ڻʳڵĴ壬ӹɣ
ûǼСһҪ
ҲҧгݣھǶ񶾡
⼸û֮ǰԼΧҲһԣڳʲôˣ
谡
ߣ
һԺҰ㣬Ҫٸǣ
ôֻǼӵܣǱĴ壬ǽԼļ޴ˣţ;Щ¡
Ƶ츳ľˣ
磬ǡ
ջͣ۹һۣû˵ȥȴǶԷƼ˸ˡ
ΪǼˣ
ǵҪǰճ߶ȣҪһҪƳʥɽô
վһĨ
ԷͬǺ֮ǣ
磬֪ҪɱģֻǼСӶѣν
ȻԼĿģͷӦǡ
š
ĵ˵ͷߵſڣתͷżעǵĶ̬һʥɽ֪ͨң
ţġ
ĵı֤š

ʥɽǹĺ⣬رϴεĲ֮Уõʵһء
Ȼֻзƣ˻һؼǣ㣬ͯ壬Ҳǻһϵĵؼ似
ؼ֮ǰȻҲһɨգ־ʮ㣬Ŭĳ࣬ĿǰٶȣӦ༸¾ܽˡ
ǣȴǹķǳ⡣
˵˽ʥɽܱߵֺûأȴ֪ʲô裬ƽǼʱ䣬̣ΪΧռ
ݻĻɣ⼸ӦŶԣȻǼҲˡ
սǷ׷ӿ뵽֮ڣΧҲһӣģ˵Ҳʮ
Դˣûκεİ취
ô죿
֣˵ͷϡ
ĿǰƣѾһⲻˡ
ϹһҲǴδй飬һ֮Ǿû취ģ
û취ֻܳսˣҲһֱĻĻڡ
Ѿһλһǿˣ
һսչԷȻϰڣͬʱҲλ𣬽֪
ᰲҰܣ
ΪҪǣ
ĳģ
ᰵ𽥵ףƺյˣ
ɳλûôĵ̡
ˣ
᰹ˣڼȫȫǵˣΪҪʱȴǽ֮Χûм˼
ǵĿʲô֪
ڣ˶һܣ죬˶ǸˣڼǿҲʧ˺üϰ١
ʷʧصһΣ
һɬڴ֮ϣüͷ𣬷糾վǰ棬ͬҲôÿ
˵˸ӣҪʲôѾΧһˣȻû˿аţ
ֵģҲǺɡ
µ񣬼ĿģǾԲ̲ôˣҪ̲ĻһǰͲˡ
ѵҪȷǳʥɽӪȣ
üͷ˵š
˵ʲôֵɵģǾֻʥɽķˣ


367 ӭô
һ˵˵Ŀⶼǿվǰķ糾
ǰֻǸЩļɵˣ
дȥ֪ͨƶ
糾üͷתҪ뿪
֣װ
ǰ͵Ƶ츳ܼǣڲûгɳˣǰҲ޷⿪෴ģǵļı
ԣ糾һ
ǰƲ龳磬Ҳڣܿ
ǿ϶ܵġ
ˣֻҲ׶༪٣
˵ĻϣҲûˡ
ԣ֪ͨƣֻҪţ᰾ϣ
ģôˣҳӦսô
ûֵĻǾͶŰɣ
һȺͷڹѣ
棬ޱŵ쳹𣬴⣬˶ĵ
ڽˣ
Щ˵϶ȥ
飬ÿ춼üΣԽԽõŭա
ȥӦս
۳˵һǳŵȥ
ȥ
һǰŭȵشδȥô
ˣҲǿܹˣ
Ҳ۾ͺھѪ˿
ƢҲشԴΪÿ죬ȥӭս
ˣǽˣʹˣ˭ӣ
ŭ
£˭˭ȥʹʹĴսһսϣ
Ƕ˵ֽѡ
ǣǵˣϣô
վǶ᰹֧ȫˣˡ
̣
ǰֻһ·
̣ûеڶѡ
죬ûгսһ죬һֱûͣڣȫһǻŭ𣬺޲óشɱķ촦ʬҲǡ
ǣ̣
ǲܱЩߣǻϣ
Ǹ꣬漣꣡
Ҫ̵̣ɳһ̶ȣ
ǵжȷģûгɱÿһЩĻ嵽һĳ̶ȣһǾȻ˻ȥˡ

ʥɽڡ

ոƳ³һڰɫǻ۾ڣâһš
֪Ѿʲôزˡ
ΪûвҲ֪ͫĽΡ
ȥʳ棿
ڽҲ죬ȥŪ侧
ţǱһаȵĻȡ
ׯҶķ
ûѾŵĶķڼ¹ȥˣӦֿ˰ɣ
˴齣һ˳ȥ
ֻŮǰȥģ˭֪һȴƤĸһģõķƸû취Ůȡ

磡ǸѾʥɽˣ
ˣ
ĸŮģһΪϵġ
֪ˣ
ڰķڣһ˫ɭ

˰ʱ䣬ٴʳˡ
һЦ߽ķƣׯҶķĶĹˡ
ǾȻֻˣ
Щӣ¼һֱڻʳš
һʵĵؼҩʦ
ׯҾǿҲû취һؼҩʦԿ
ֻܴˡ
ţһһǳ漲ȥǴſһЦӭ
үˡ
ؼҩʦǺεȵݣˣУ˿Ĳ
ţܾûˣһΪء
ǣζ˵š

ŮЦ
ϴ峡ׯҶķֱӹˣ˼ҹһô
ôӭ
һֱ˵üͷһ
ү˵ЦˣүǶķǶķĸôܲӭأ
ĹټҪ޳ˣȴЦ
ףˣ
ЩʶƵĶͽʱе
ȻֻˣׯҲˣ
ٺ٣кϷ
ЩϤƵ˵ġ
ƭ˰ɣô񣿡
ԲܣǵؼʯʦҲ̶ֳȰɣ
ЩǸ֮ǰ¼ġ
ʯ
Ͽɲ֪ƻֱ£ɻ
ƺ֮ǰķһ˲˵Ĵ¡
侧
ˮ۾ЦͬȪ
侧
һ䣬ǼķѾŮߵһǰˣЦõˣ
ʯ飬Ҳؾ˵
ΪڶĲ֮Уӿɲ
ȰȰСӡ
ţǳŷ˹ȥ
;ĸ򰡣ˡ


368 С׬һ
侧˰
ׯҶķڣһĴ󡢾ֹķֵ˶Ƿ׷ײĿׯҶķλá
Ȼ侧ֵҵ飬Ҳôܰɣ
Ƿһëϣһ侧ĺһͱ𣬸ŵĽе侧ӳȥˡ
л갡㣿
ûĵһۡ
ԴˣŮҲЦ

һ㶣ϵ˷ܽʱŷ֣ղ԰
˵侧ͽǶǻһ󣬵ǣĶͽôƿ侧ȻһȻӣ
⵽Ƿʲô£
ѵСӻʯʦ
ٴȥѡʯķƣ͵һڣӿһ𺳡
꣡
СӻҪ̶ֳȣ
ʯʦ
ǲƸƸĴʣ
ţȥ
ٺ٣ǸɶǶʯ֮
Цʵ
źߣ
Ʋ÷ĺһûָһֱëɨɨȥɨһ㣬һë˳
ţɵ۵һĻǰˡ
ЩѡëϣĲ侧Ǿ
ǳ鴤ţҲڳ鴤֮ǰ˵Ǿ仰ˡ
侧ģ
꣬⻹ľ侧ˣ
ʱ򣬶ķڵҲǱɵˣһڳϲϵ쳹
һֱĨϺֻҪЦĶĹ٣ڣϧ
ôˣׯһǵù͸ˣúõĽǾֻйһ;ˡ
簡
ιܸܲҼ鰡
ǿһۺˣ˹ȥͱͱƵĺ󱳣˺棬ʵǱô򷳵û취ˣѡ˼ëϵݸСӲķŹ˷ơ

һΪˬЦſڴ˹ȥ˱Ǽһӿ첽˽
ô
䣬ûлͷѡëϡ
ǳ˳飬һĨЦĳŷ˹
үٶķĪҰ
ʮֺˬ˵š
ô
еĶûͣ£üͷ¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬˵ţȻҿҪˡ
⻰һֹׯҵг鴤ЩͽҲ鴤ѡ
̫ˣ
ⲻҪ˼ҵô
ˣɱҲɱˣǰ꣬һٸҲҶ
ððҾãÿˣ
һëϿˣ̵Ľǿ侧սָڣϱ˷һ仰ֱӾûûεĽл
꣡ԭﻹһݵģ
г鴤ţҲ΢΢Щɫ࣬ǲϵĳ¶һĨνЦݡ
λү˵Цˡ
ֱӽѾĸˡ
ÿׯҶķֱӹˣ
û˵Ц
һ㶣ֱĵ
ﲻðѵӵ侧̫ˣ
Ȼݣ
жͳ飬ҲЩ̿ѣŮЦ
ʱ򣬷Ʋŷ֣ԭСӻ˿ɰһ档
⻰ص̫ˣֱǽ·ϱư

˺ܴľӲ㽫иȶûȥϣֱӳŷ˵үϴαʶѾ֪ˣдԭһΰɡ
ڶͽ棬ֱӵǸˡ
֪Ǹǲеġ
ؼҩʦݣεȵĳߣûԼѾˣǸʲôأ
˵ţóһöָڷƵԵĳ鴤˼ΣȴǼΪ˵ţүׯҵһЩС˼¡
Ŷ
еĽָһСȴǱѾȥ
꣡ô侧˵Ҳмɣ
ֻһ۽ָڣϱǾ۾ɵϴ鶼ۿˡ
벻ͨΪׯҪͳ侧ơ
ΧĶͽĿȫǵһ
ֱʰ

һѽָ˹ûķ˷ۡ
ô˼ء
ô˵ţҲûֳʲô˼ֱӾͽָ
ĿģΪ侧ǲ׬ײ׬
ŵһָۣڣӦ侧ӣҲ˵öֵָöң
ٴ˼ëϣׯһ˵Ĺ£Ƽ߳˶ķӲû˵´׻
ȥ
תŮʵ
Ƹ磬òˣ
ֱۻΰεģһ˫ˮʵھڴ
ŮҪ󣬷Ȼܾ
ȥķɣ
˵ĳϹš
Ļֱѡӡ
ǻ˸ȫ˰


369 ŭ
һƹ֮ڣʮǻവƨĵĲֺ
ι˵˰ɣ
һӶͬ˵š
ʲô°
һͬʵЩĿ
¡
Ϊص˵š
½ǸߵƷô
ͷʳǶǺʳǵˣȻ˲֪˲
ԣȹھǸ
ӵ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵ߴˣһ˵ֱӴеϵġ
ûȫ£һ롮ħ˸ƽ֣
̫ˣȻһؼҩʦ
˷׷ţΧĿҲȫ
£ͬʱҲѰ
ΪԼһƣһڣҡҡͷڣһƬп
ѣôأ
˶ǲɻĿ
⼸²ڣȥһȻһ¡
ӱߺȾƣ߻˵š
ʲôٱΧأ
ļͬ龪ȵվƹҲǴ㵵Ŀ
ǿһλؼҩʦЩеȻҶ
֪Ще֪Ϊ𣬻̲ǰɡ
ӽ͵

侧׬ʲô֣ǲ
ڷ󣬳Ͽֹš
ɧȫû
ϧ͵ˡ
ǰ˳϶Ѿˡ
Ȼ˵Ǹߵеġ
ӱ߱š
˵ʲô
ϴչͷȥĵ

ӱһһתûĵ
ٺ٣⣬ֻǸղ˵
ϺЦһɫ
ƺˣ
ڳóһ侧֮󣬼ӱʲô˵ˡ
ϿٵĸȥĻΪˣݺݵüͷ
Сӣ
Сڷƶ˵ţ֮һԡ
ôˣ
֪ΪΣЩԾǺɵĿ
ˡ
ϿЦ˵
ô£
ϵЦֱӽŲҲͣ
ġ
СĽղһС˵˳
Χ
Ƶ۾â˸һɢ˳
Լļ˻ȫ
û˵ֻûгˡ
һصĵ˵ͷ
Ŷ
ӦһϢڵѪ˿Ҳ˻ȥ£Ҫ
š
ϵ˵ͷ
Ȼֵģǣкܶ黹ִ֪ģȻҲὫһˡ

˿ƳͶȥмĿ⣬ųŮȥֱŮһȦʳǣ˲Ǹϻʥɽ
ҪԼİǵҪǱ̫࣬һЩ£Լˣ
һֱֵĺΪƽûǶŮЦ꣬̾˿
֪ʱƱֵԽʵԽǲ
ǸΣյźţ
ƽ󣬲Ǵ󱬷
һҪ緢ĻɽԽƽԽǿ£
ϻʥɽѾҹˣŮ͵ſڣóһöָ
ǽǸӸöָ侧
Ƹ磬ôˣ
ɵĿ
СɵϣƸ绹ʲô飿
ָУһ飬ţƸҪȥһʱ䡣
ƸҪȥ
ŷ۵С죬ԵЩƲ֡
ɵϣ
ǣ簮ĵΪǣƸȥŪ侧Ժôأ
ú壬һʱŵƽԼƲŵ
Ůȥ˷֮󣬷ϵЦݱ
䣬ˣ
߽ڣħ㣬ͯ壬ϣѾˣӣѾ˵ˣԣķѿҲû̫⡣
֣ͯ鷳տǣʲô⣬ȥǼǴҳϣõӸŸ³Դʦġ
һƳͯ幰˹֡
ġ
ֱͯӴӦȻ³ԴʦΪˣǼǴǸʶģ϶ʲô򵥵
Ǿˡ
˵ţƱվ߰ɡ
һ߳Ժӣʧںڰ֮С
Ӧòʲô°ɣ
ͯ΢΢üͷЩ
˵ֻеôƼ˼ϡħǾܸ㶨ģܾЩ̫Ծ
˭ǵĵȥģ


370 
Χ£ܿģʳ֮ڴ鿪ʱ˲Сķˡ
ƺƵа֮ڣǼʱֱӽ̤ƽˣڣΧĸͰһ㣬ܽܳƺҪͶ
տʼֻǽһ󣬱˻ȥڣǾͲŻˣÿһεĳ涼һڼǿߴ죬֮ɱӣ
ѾضˣȨǵׯ԰Ҳûпĵطų˿أļ䶼һ
֣
ǽųȺ޼ɵɱ۵ģڵѪӲϵĶţڣһƬѪ졣
ԣᰣ죬糾˵ɫҲòȥ
ȥˡ
ɨһ⣬̾˿
µΧڴǰķ߿ڣȫһľˡ
ϣģ
û˿ĵϣ
Ǹɳ·кܳܳǸʱ˲ͶҲˡ
û
Ҳ˵ͷҪѪļǣһζͣⲻǳ֮ƣպƽΧˣǸʱҲȫɢˡ
ı
Ȼ֪ıҲް취
ȥ
۵ͺһһ˫ɫ˫ŷ΢΢һչǳ
ߵ춯ʱ˳ǽбʿע⣬ϵǵ͵Ӱ֮ڣһĨȼš
ǵ񣬾
սʿǣǵȥƴˣ
ڸ߿գŭһǳžͽһɱȥгһʮǱն鵱Ѫء
ɱ
ԼԪ˧˵ͣһıʿʱ۾ͬͻһ㣬γĳӳǽ֮ϷӶ£ɱȥ
սǲпģǧʿɱһ𣬶ʱѪէ֣֫ϱ۴вϵķҽɱ쳹һƬ

âͷ­׶۾ĺܴھǲʣһƬҡ
㣡
۱ڴĺһ˫һչǳ˹ȥ
ٴ֣ɱڵǧ˵նɱɾҲһ
һƬڣ
ǿսһʤս
ٴα˿
ǣΪεʤսµԽԽ˼뵽˾֮С
Ҫй
ֻȥ˼ǧѣǾţ֮һëû˵Ľǣ֮СӵֱӵĸһΣӰʱ֣뻪Ҫڵˡ
ǰµʱ䣬֮⣬ʬۣǺڵˮҲȾͨ졣
ΪĲɢȥÿ춼ϰѪޣõһֱ⡣
һֱڣʱӣ֮ݲˣвˡ
һֱڱǣȣ
ĺԮǾɲ
̫Զˣ
ң
ôΨһԮǸ漣ˣ
ƣ
ǵģĿѾǷǳȷˣҪ

ϣĵӰӶ
СӣҾ϶ڸ
üͷ壬
š
һֱĿǰâ˸˸
һ·ϣǰķŭڣˡ
ܱߵļǶеûĴڵġ
Ѿ˸ߵ֮УǾһλ
ߣƾʲôǿƣ
ң˵һµʱ䣬ͳ׵ˣٶȵƽΪأ
ԭţǾҪԼȥȡ

һɵĶ󣬶Ҳпܵġ
Ͼ֮ϣ˫Ѿ˲֮
ɱˣҪûʲôʾĻԺ϶̧ͷˡ
ߵĵɲģҲ֪ܵ
֪㻳
ϴĵ̻ûôۺ񡣡
׳ƳȫǻпܵģǣߵҲԼĵжĸߵһҶ
ѵˣ
Ƶüͷ塣
Լ޼ׯңǿ϶ܣڻʶ֪Լݵܣôֻʣһˡ
գ
ң
ҵڻʳŽǰʮ
Լħڽš
Žǰʮ
ԣ˶һ
ڻʳ֮ڻŽǰʮǾͷǳĲˣĵ̣Ҳܱȵġ
ҪǣҪڻʳ㣬Ǿͱʥɽ㣡


371 ζ
ңʳʮ֮һ˵һˡ
Եģʥɽˣҵλ൱Ĳͣ٣Ҳǳϼģ
ʥɽĳϣͣǶҪľΪ
벻С˵
ЩҧгݣھǷŭ
һ˵ûѹǼٵġ
˵ҪҲûжѹ
ͻȻͣ˸Σ˵ϣ㣬ǻȥҺ͡ħ㹻ˡ
⡭
һ㶣˷Ƶͼ
Լǣ
Сӣʲô˼ҳǵ֮ô
ϵ۾ǳ
ַģʳҺΪģ
ҲһԽ͵ҲʵҶֵĻѾƻʳĹˣ
û
Ҳǵ˵ͷİСӣ붯ߵǾڶҡʳĸҲʹ¶ѣʲô
ȻΪߵǣҲеƷȶѡ
ˣͶлλˡ
˽˵Щж
Լ۹⻹ǲģ
ٺ٣ʲôǻСħأʲô˵ģ
ϺٺһЦǵ⡣
ҵĶӰ첢ľûá
ħ΢΢ü͵
Ϊûʵҩ̫ɢԭܴؼ۷ĶԣҲ𵽵ؼн׵ĵز
Ŷ
Ӧһüͷ΢΢
Ҳ֮С
ߣԸǲҪ̫֡
â˸˸
Լ󣬻һ³ԣ
ǿɲĴƾͲţҵĵܱ³ԻߣԼҩʦݣҲǳصģ
˵Ǹһ
СӣǸϽ·ɣҶѾЩȲˣ
ھԾԣСȥͼ
磬ĳ飡
ĵʣֱȥ

羰续ɾ
滨ʢвʵڷ裬õⷽ˼ֻ

ЩЦ⻨֮д˳
ֻһβСŮ⻨֮ڣ׷ЩĲʵЦǴĿз
СŮԼΪңСԲ⻬Ϊ˷ܶԵЩͨ죬˵ģ˫ڵĴ۾޵ףǳ
ĲЩȣ˿Ӱ飬һδεĵһδεֲи׷һֻӵʳĲʵ
СŮŻһ֪ͨ˼ҵĺӡ
һĵӰǴԶӶСŮ׷˺˿
ζôֲˣ
ᰰĽл
ʱ֮ǰ仯ܴ
ˣ
ҲΪˡ
֬ˮ¶˵ϣ͸¶˿˿졣
̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬Ļɡ
˿ʳȹİڶճһ˴ԼߣǼǧģַһ
ȻѾһӵĸףȴûܵһ˿Ӱ죬෴֮ǰǸһݳķڣ
Ȼɣİٻ߼
ף
СŮ΢΢һ㶣ʵһѾԶ˵ɫʵתĵĳ˹ȥ
㰡
ģ߶ȥСŮϵǰЦӯӯСŮ֮ڣһƬ簮
СŮǴĽᾧҲ˵ǷƵŮ
ԭǲҪģҲ֪ǳԭСŮȡΪΡ
Ǽ£˵һξһ㡣
ƺ뵽ʲôĵӿֳĨ糺죬ʱΧĻȫǵͷȥ֮档
ˡ
СŮ۵С֣ϹţˮڣһƬ龫֡
Ҳ飬һĶͷһǰۣһȥĹλûء
Ŷ
һСŮɫС죬ףҵ˭Ϊʲôζأ
ææˣͻζˡ
Ļٴδ߿˵ֻǣ֮ڣȴһƬӡ
ڷƵ顣
ȹھؼҩʦħֲ¡
Ҳ֮УϾԼĶҲǺô
е̫꣬ˡ
β֢֮ƽ֮ⶼ֤ڵҩ䲻򵥡
ң츳Ҳټܶڣ˵һˡ
ڣƺЩ鷳ˡ
ףףôˣ
СŮϵҡ£߲˹
߰ζ
һһСŲԶǴȥ
һοɡ


372 
ɱ

¡¡
ɷڳ壬Ѫ죬ȥѹѹһƬȫǾӣѾֱٳ£ǽҲѾжദЩȱڳɱ˽˾ɱڳһƬ
ˣ
ǰĽƣڣֱӹˣ
ǵĿֻһ
Ƴƣ
ΪˣǲֶΣ
ϣʮڼǿڴţϫľϯһЩߵĽȫһ޹ĵ¡
Ѿ㳲ˣҲѾȫԱĵزÿһ˶ЩԼ԰߿ȥ
ҽ޺۳һ

Ƽڰ֮ͣˣµ档
ȥǰѹѹһƬȫ˵ҲʮΧһȦΧס
ֻǣΧȦȴرĽգҲԵЩϡϡģҹһͻΧ
ô죿
ɨһΧЩΧ۵Ⱥ˶ǿƣȴ
ֱɱȥ
ǵĳǽĽкһĨһ޷桯Уһ壬ǳӪسɱ˹ȥ
ٺ٣⣡
ϺٺһЦóһͨĳȥ
Ҳó̹Ө֦ħϢĸţֻǣ֮µ˫ȴǺƣ֮ľ
ǰ𣬻˭
Ǹʲôģ
ܿģڵʿǷ˵쳣һᣬǼ˼ٺˣóǹָˡ
ߣ
Ƶ΢΢䣬һ壬ٶȼӿ죬УʱͬȺ֮һصʬ壬ûܹסĽŲ
Ҳʾ׷׷
һɨɽһƬڵʬ壬鼶ģҲûз
֦һΧѿһٴӵһʿ鵱Ѫȡ
ħʲôҲû߹ĵطʮ׷Χ֮ڵıʿȫöһ⡣

һʿԼϣץһ鸯õƬĴҲ˳Ѫܿ㻯Ϊһ̲ŧˮ
ǹ죬һıʿ޲Ǵĵӿһ
ĸ˭ô⣿
Ȼѵˣ
ĸ˶ѣˣ
ЩȺ׷ţȻ˶Сƣǣ֮ڰϣҲϿǡ
ң˶֪λ
ǰĸԾֻڶѡ
ѾȲˣҲ֪Ǹܸܲϻ
ϻô֮ܽΧ
Ҳǣ
ǻһƬǷЩ̾
ȵȣǼвǸڰɣ
пܣô꣬ӵΪǸ漣ˣ
ţĴʥɽϻΧˣ
ϷˣѲɣɱʥɽ˲ɣ
Ҳ˵
Ϊ˵ĳ֣ȺҲЩɧ׷׶ǴһĿⶼĵӰ

֮ϣ죬ۣӰ˸ڳѧԺĳϣʮȫˡ
ÿһˣ֣Ҷڼģԣÿ˶·磬ǴˣƷǳΣ
ֻǣֵǣ⼸ʮڲûжɱ֣ƺֻϷˣǡ
ǵĿľҪãȫǵڣԼıһδαǴ򵹣̤
ҪӸ߽
ǿвϵıĻĻֱѪ
ֻǣͬ׵ĵ֣Ƕ޿κΡ
ҲҪһ汳ģ
һѧԺĳϵͺһһеĳǰһڳɱ˹ȥȫǸڶԼϮ
أ

һװ쳹ǰǸڣѣ˳ȥѪֱӶ
ȿȣ
ŴԼؿðĽ⣬ĿţдڴڵѪâһĴһתסǸڣһھҧĲޱȵ
ˣ
ΧҲˣһѣһҧһѪѪҺ
ʮųϣ
ŭһھһƬѪ˿ǳǰ˷ҵĹ
¡¡
̣
˸Ǻ۾ģһеķǿĹʱõЩڽп಻
֣⻹ûʲôǿûôŵġ
ɱˣǸ껹ô
Ƿ񶨵ģ


373 ɱķ
ʮųϵ¼˸ͣȫһеĶɱУΣڲˣһֻɱС
ڱǱնɱ˳ɹõ΢΢ϲǸǱݣ
ٹ֮
˴ȴֿԼǰһδα򵹡
ʲôǱɱô
ʱѾǱűľˣ
ҲԸȵˣ
Ϊ˵䣬Ҳˡ
ܲñɱɣ
ǣһսĻԿģȻߡ
ϵƣõٴδڰ״̬ÿһˣ϶ǴزͬĴˣҧأʹ
ȥ
һӣֱӽǰһ룬೦ӣȥֱĲˡ
Сģ
Ҫɿʱ򣬻е𣬶ʱһϢõĺë

һ˸âǹ⣬ͬһ㣬һɭĺۼֱָı
ʱѾתˣһθоԼôӽǳһЦȴ١

̶Թռ䣬һƺص
ϣɱ۾͵
һϤִϷζڻĶ͵һ𣬱ǼһϤӳԼǰ
ƣ
ȵлڣһƬϲ
ǷƸϻˣ
֣˰һڣһ
̫Ϥˣ
үˣ
֪ǺźһǶں֣֮ڣһƬ
үʥɽˣ
鸡ŵ꣬ڶһƬ
ǵĽҲϣˣ

ķޱȵͣһڳһǳųȥ
ĿѾﵽҪˣ
һ
䳹ǵӷƿ³ܶ˵ꡣ
Ƶĳǽԩڣŭˣ
ףЩ˶ΪԼģûԼǲ˺
ңģһҪ𣡡
֮ڣѪ˿ͬħһ㡣
ѪծѪ
ǻʳʮ֮һҲûҪѪ
Ǹң
ģ֤һҲܲˣ
¶һѪЦݣеĳǳžͽһȥ
أ
һ֮£Ǹླǿû˿ķֱӱҳһ̲Ѫȥ
ƣõ𾪡
ǼǵǣӵӰʱ۾һ
Ӱģˣ
лϵĽлţֱӰȥһ·ɱħħ
ĻʱõӰһҲһ㵵ĿĻСӡ
զ£
ûСӵ׷ʲô衣
ְˡ
Сӣֻܷ˷ۣһԵİ˵
СӹȻסղŴӦˣӰֱӾͽߵˡ
ġ
Ӧһһ侧һֳӨӨ֦Ļѿһƽ𣬽һڡ
꣡
֦ĻӶμٵĺ£һѪʬҲ³Ϊ˷ϡ
չͬıʿЩڣǱסǶֻ·һ
ħĹܼ򵥣վڲƵĳǽ֮ϣֲֻϵĵһڵ˭մϣǶֻлöһ;ӡ
ƣõĿɿڴ
Щǿ绢ǵ⼸УȻ˵Ĳһû˿Եס
˶֪̫ĸ̫ǿˣ
ҲһĴͣþòܻ
վֱӾͽȥ·סм£аʮڣңĿӡ
ϣϢһᡣ
Ƶ˵һ޷桯һ˳ȥ֮һӰĵ£ദһ˿СѪϸǾԿ
ģ
ʤ˶֪ʲô¡
⼸˾Ȼˡ
˿Ҳǳ£˹
Ժ⼸˭
һϳʵ
ǸͬȵĹھǸϷƣǰǿ϶ģһ
˵ţɫЩŹ֣һͬȻۣŵǸǴǰҲ˹ˡ


374 
Сӵ˭ΪӰǰ׽
һֱڲӰŵĳϣüͷתŻʵ
Ӱɴûж˭ٹɫǼС֮ԾЩˣ˹֮£õЩɻˡ
ϡ
ЦЦһۣԪ˧Ǻ£ô
ͣ˶ܼھǿߣһֱӴˣʲôĵô
ֱûɣһɳ֮Ǿ𾳽Ĵڡ
ˣȫۼˡ
ԵģԷΪ壬õΪ֮𺳡
Ѿǰˣ
һСǼڵѾɳһΪµĵز
ţܷһ
ƺһǳžͽɱ˹ȥ
һ˺ܿ㶯ûڵԸЩͬһ㣬ʱǵһƬ
ĸ˵õľʱתڵκξ磬һҲӲȥģĳǽϵİ롮ħ׷ײٸǰһǾֵĿˡ
Ǹ߸ϵڣǰ߸û̫𣬽һб
̫ˣһ㣡
ηˣ˵һܵģ˵ڶȻ˱ǷӴɾ
ᰵıʿû׷Ͼ㡣
ڣ˾޴Ĵ⣬ǲĿʬۣʮѾûжٻˡ
ѣõˣ
ס֣
һݵ쳹˱Ǽһӣһһ˹
ļҲųһ˵Ĳ󣬳ŷ˹
ΪױŵӣǷ糾
ЩʣҲȫǷҵˣУ˷Ƶĸףأ
ЩҲʲôˣԣֱӾͽ縮ڵ˿ӶΪԼıơ
ô磡
˶ǰԻںޣȻ縮һڣǿĿǰƣӦҲ׶༪ˡ
ƵɫֱӾͳһƬ䡣
ŭı֣
˫һûٶֻ֣ǣȴֵӡһεâĳͣʧ١
ͬʱŰ롮ħʹ˸ɫʾҡ
ٺ٣
ֵͣķƣЦֱӳŷƺǳҪס֣ûô
˵ţеĳŷ糾ĲһһѪ۳֣һĨѪ˳ų
糾ϲûκξŵɫһЦĿŷơ
ԼĶӳɲˣ
һֱԸ
ûԼʧһӹţʱ䣬ǳɳĵز
ڣο
ĶӣЩ˸Ứ
ϣԼĶжĳϢֻϣһֱƽ
ʼգһֱǣ
ɫЩӡ
꣬Сڷ縮ܾۣ֮˳δй
ӹô
ӹţ仹ſô
Ҵ˴δйҫ۷塣
ʳȵһʥɽ
ÿһ£漣
ǵģǸ漣
Լ
ķ˴ʱȫһͷţǵĿⶼǱļᶨ
Լ
ֻҪڣγҲܲʢ

ʮ²õ޲ߡ
˭ܱ֤ͬʱȳʮˣ
ҲɵˣĿǰЩƺǷƵļˡ
ħ㣬ɱҪӳУ۽ǵһֱߡ
ǳ֣Ҳûаٷ֮ٵİͬʱȳʮ

ķµأԼдĺţ۾Բɣҽͣ£ȻҾɱ
һץ糾죬еĳ뵽˷糾ϵƤ֮ڣѪ˳ųµء
˷ľٶõķͣ
һ䣬ʲô̹ܶ˵꣬õЩӶ͵һ
̫ˣ
ֻһͷ
¼Ҳ˵ˣʱվĶ棬ǲ֪꣬ȴԵеĸΪ£
ԾɣȻҾɱ
вЧֱӾ͵ôߣϾЦŷݵĺ
˻һ˶һȫǿơ
ƶǣǵãһҪҷ󣡡
ϼų糾ɫʼûбһº͵Ц⣬ǰ꣬ھο
ɱǱǣӣ
ȫһϡ
ǲԸ۷ƣϣԼΪҵˣ
õĺһš

ҡҡͷҵˣûǣҾͲˣԡ


375 
ҫ۵գȻƲ֮õԭʵɫɲǼ
ɫ˵飬类ѹһʯһ㣬ģЩ
ԭĿʱƺҲֹؼһĳţʱƺҲȻˡ
һҲŽҲǺˮ
֣
Ȼһʮָ붯һε룬һ㼱ٵ˳ȥ
ͬһʱ䣬㣬ħҲֱӶ֡
һ٣ӵð˳Ѹײڶ֮ƽҵˣһڣ˵¡
ħָʮΣڣȼܵĺ棬˱ǼõĶ̽һ˲ʱڱȫʴɢΪһƬƬƮ䡣
һͫϴھһƬŵɫţǵĶͷλһϸСѪӣȥ
ˣޱȵĹ죬ȫͬһʱ
û֪ƾģĹ죬õĳϵ˶ĸж
òĵˡ
ҲΨһֵҵˡ
ôһˣ˭ҲʳѰˡ
̫ˣʤעĻҲԴ
Ҫùˡ
˼һ۷ƣħָ⣬â֮һƬȻ

ٴӵٴԼ˻˵˵£һƬѿĴء
ףƶ٣ܾˡ
ǰ߼ȥ
ãã
糾ӭȥַƣԼŸӣ΢ȣЩᡣ
˿̣޷ݡ
ƶ
غ۾˹΢΢Щ׵ڣỨ˸
ף
ĸ΢ɣӣȣȥƶТίˡ
ʱʤŨŨһĻЩ졣
ˣ飡
ǸĽСӡ
ھǸӣԵЩ䡣
Ӱۣ΢΢¡
չؾĻӦǸ¶
ܿģСħ㣬˵İ֮ڵȫһʣıɾ
ǻˣ
һʹ˾޴ʤսõʧʮڣʿ
ʤûԤϵġ
ȫһƬڵľ
Ҳ˹ķƣ̲סһ
ѵԴǣꡣ
ţֻҪΧ֮һ⣬ʳ֮ڣûĸٸᰣ
᰻ԡվʷǰߵ㡣
ι˵ǲҪ˵̫˰ɣ
ڰգϳصĴĿ⣬Ѿĳƽ
¡¡¡
ʴһװͬҲ΢΢ţһ׷ԾϳǽԶ
ǰľ󣬾ǷҲ̲סһ
ѹѹһƬȫƺѾʣ޷⵽ж
ȫףֳֳììָ죬ɭĹâ
һľӣüͷ
̫ˣǣѾǳ˰򣬿˵ľӣֻÿһţ̤ƽǡ
Ԫ˧ǻжٿõľӣ
üͷ壬ʵ
컹а򣬽죬ӦûҰɣڣӦʮҡ
۵ɫҲǺܲÿ͸¶ıʹ
ԣ˶ǳĬȥ
˲ʱ䣬ϰӣ񣬾ֻʣϡϡļˡ
ɶ񣡡
Զƽ֮ȫŭͬʱһĨɫ
˴㵵Ŀ£鸡һ˫ƲϵһӡģͫһƬͨ
У
ǳ˳飬һĨ¡
ӡʵ̫ˣѾﵽɫĻ֣ⷭӡǰҲû˿ķ
ܣټ
ˣ
һ֮ϣһֻ޴ɫ˳ʱΪ֮𶯣һۿɼ֮ľ飬ɽʯѡ
ȻҪǿһʾ
ৣ
һӰ֮ڷ񷣬ϰٵӰվǰģ׷Ȼߡ
⣬Ծ
ৣ
һ죬ǽ϶һλߡ
ǻ棬ҲλһֱĻ
ֻѾ͵ӡ޲ľڳλҲһƬ֮ɫ


376 
磬ɫȴǼΪĩһ㣬ؼһɳƵϢ
¡¡
һװ쳹أףˡ
ȫͣ˽Ųһ˫˫۾ȫ񷡣
һֻơ
֮ͨɫɢĪ⣬һɫɫԪ𽥵ıڣõֻƵϢΪۺɲ
ֻһֻƶѣǿУǾһƬһ㣬ˣֻ΢΢ĻζΧĿռǳܲסһ㣬һ
̫ˣ
ֻ֮£˲žãԼôСô΢ֻƵ£û֮
֮Уվǰֱϵֻ޴ƣҲһƬ塣
˵һླô
һ
ȷһֻ࣬ǣ似Щ⣬ӦǴ˵еġؼ
һ߻˵ţҲһƬȻ
ؼȻǣƵؼȴǴδ
ʱƵ̶ܳԾѾھ硣
Ҫ֪𾳽ڲͬ
ڣֻ忪ԪжѣǣȴĴ׵
ֻнܳΪ֮
Сڣȴƾؼ֮ӵܣ룬ж𺳡
Ƕһۣǿ˶Էеľ㵡
˲
ףΪμỨôҪʥɽˡ
ھѾ˵زˣǻˣ
ֻµʱ壬С
һ֮䣬Ƕ˶Է˼룬źۼĵ˵ͷǵڶһĨɫ
һҪɱ꣡
գ˱ǿʼܣʱ䣬ؼһƬıʿڶѪ
ãǴ㶯ˣ
һҲǸΣɭİâ翪Ŀ⣬Ķǰһߣʱ
ߣһ㣬һ˿ңǴĴ壬ӵеĵȻҪȻҪ࣬ϴΣһǽûл֮
ٺ٣Ǵˣ
ĿⲻϵЩӰɨɨȥӳϿзɭȻЦ
вѵĶô

㳤ĺ˿ó侧е֦ٴ˸ɫӨӨ֮⣬֦ԶţһâЯŨŨ뵽˵ص֮¡
ţ

ǰĴأѿһҵѷ죬ɽʯ䣬ľں¡е£һ˵ĴȰ׳٣ѷ֮˳ʲôЩ٣Ǳ鵱
һЩֱ̫ӾͱٲסʱѪ죬֫ϱ۷ѪȲ̡
˹ֶΣõ׷׺ˣҳһ㣬ǧڻ֮б

ȻŹ˺õĻᣬٹǵصĳɱ˹ȥͬһһ㣬˶ɣһ·֮һصĲʬ
ѳɣЩôɱҲⳡҵļ
ֻһתۼ䣬İǻһƬȺͬһӿţڻ֮бҲԽԽࡣ
־ţʧԭʱɵûֹܹⳡҵ
˻
ǻҵİ޲ǵһĪĿǵӰ
˷ڵжԵλá
ֻǶǻһ
ãԼˣȻһ˾ܹһˡ
˵˷ƣҲ˭ܵ㣡
ħûȥעЩվµĳǽȴȻȻıʴʯֱɷĩ
ǣ
˫ģһɼȳȷ籡ϵЩھϯȥ̨ͬһ㡣
ãǶ磡
һŵȳ֮ζɫ䣬ʱһԪĶһ磬ĿĶɢȥ
ɢ磡
ڷ棬Ƕѧģģʱ쭷𣬽ľϯĺڷ紵ԽԽ
ûˣȴǵ˴ùڷ£ͬһ㣬ĵȥһƬ

һʿһ㣬Ƿ˺Լ壬ѪͬԼҲ˳ͬһ㣬ޱȵѪȡ
⣬ҲǡħҪЧ


377 һһ

ǹĳ棬޲ǵһ
⻹иݵģ
ԭΪѾǼˣ˭֪ﾹȻһɱǡ
ʦǸ߽׶ʦ
һһݰ
ȻûвԼǣ·ĲҿϵЩҲǱë
̫ˣûʲô
ߣ
˶ǽȫĿⶼˣƺһһԵı飬ǳɱ˳ȥ

еĳǳһ˹ȥʱ죬ͬ
أ
һ죬Ǹڻıҳһ̲Ѫ꣬ȥĿȫǣȫʬ
һ֣׾£ڣͣǰ˿ɵ
ΧУʮΧʱĵ
öˣ
ƺһһŶڳǽ֮ϣ˱ǳ˳ȥţ۵ȫһսչ
ޱȵġ
Сģ˺㡣
Ϊķ糾ˣˣվڷ糾Գ䵱Ż
磬ƶû°ɣ
һǣ˸
ģҪǵĺƶ
糾§İοţֻǣҲһƬǡ
ڣƵĵ˿𰡣
𣬶˵Ǹ߲ɼĴڣڣԼĶȴҪǿжˡ
ŻȻԼĶӣѾɳһԼ޷ĵزˡ
ӣѾɳˡ

ϣ뻪վǲ˿иڵȻһ࣬ǣ˳ɱڣҲԵЩƽˡ
ϣħ粽̤˼
̫ˣ
ԶȺ׷׶ǵԲ۾ڣһƬ˼ɫ
Ϊĸ˵ĳ֣սֱӱд
Щ˵ʲô˰
в
ǿǰ˾ֱǲ顣
ǣȴʵĳǰˡ
϶ˣ
˵ĿⶼǿǵӰ
϶
Ǹͬ漣һ꣬ǸȵĹھ
ʥɽˣ
Ȼܶˣ
޲п
ĳɳٶʵ̫ˣˣ
ѵҪһ漣ô
ǿĵܣô͵һ˵ĵزǸʱ򣬲˵̾ԾܱĸߵƷˡ
ԶһӰ֮ϣźۣһ˫Ϊ˫ϵǵӰ
ߣҵҪ㵽׵һʲôĳ̶ȣ
ĺӺ´õΧ˶Ϊ֮Ĳ
ݵĿɨû˸֮ӣ׷뿪Ƭ

ˣ
ֻƵɫҲԽԽޡ
ƯΣյģ
ֻɢѹѾﵽһҡ
ƻڲţʣѾǳܲסˡ
ۣ
ԥģת۱͹ͬһֱ֮̾ϣţһƬƬʵļ⻺ѿγһƬƬƬ
һ֣ƵϢͱ࣬һ˫ڣǱ֮ͨһƬͬħ
õĻ߶Ϊ֮һ
δ֪˵ıܶһصη塣
ǣ
һǣϵֻɫƣٴαһռ䣬ΧؼԪǷӿ뵽ֻ֮ڡ
ڣֻ֮ϸо˿־塣
֣
һۣǱǳŻƳɱ˹ȻΧĿռ䣬ΪĶǵһɼơ
һ˳ǹһ˳ֽâ˸ޱȵҫۣͬoٳķڣǵǰҲ
ն
ԥľͽ۵Ĵи˳ȥһսһʱ׹𶯣һϫ֮䲻ϵıŷΧЩ򶷵ڣֵңɡ
ϣ
ǸϮüͷ壬ʱķӡɻѹǰЩߣƺһ١
Ҫʱ䣡
ˣ
ķƴʱΣҲ֪ô£ǸѾϮƣҲֻӲͷƤˡ
֣
֣ǳǸĳɫ֡

ȻӲֵѹܸԼˣֻͣǰеĽŲһֱӱǽϮɫָ룬ɢ١
֮ǿ˹


378 ɱ
¡¡
ؼֻʣһˣڴս
ȻҵĻϡ
ѾɾˣҲʼ֧Ԯһٳ𣬲ס˭˭͸ͬոЩڵ
ȥɱǣ
İ롮ħһֱվڳǽϣһЩΪлɳˣʮڳ˳ɱ˹
ߣ
£ħһѪĻȣһ˫۱ǹĶȥ
һ˫֮±ڶЩֱɶȥ
ɢ
һڸ߽У̧ĳ磬ΧһЩҲѧģġ
ߣ
ħмƲƲ죬۹Ϊʵʡ

׵壬һڱ㱻ûһ̲ŧѪӰ䣬ʲôҲʣ£еҲʴɾ
תۼ䣬ڱǱϯڣͬģһҽУʲôҲûʣ¡
ħõЩھȥ
壬ҳ壡
¡ħԸԼǶھǵĶ£ٴη˳档

һٴó侧ѷٴֳ޾٣˳ֱɶȥ
ħҲͬģϵĳϴһõȲѵĽ֮ɢµأ棬һƬɭ޵

ᰵڳ׵ľˡ
ǴδĴսҵľõ޲ëȻ
ˣ
ǵģģ
˼һ㡣
š

أ
һװ죬һӰ׷˳ȥֱӱصףڲɼ
ϣ

һӰȥ֮ڡ
ģ
۾һУָٶٴμӿ죬һģһӡӡ
ͬoߣ쳹أġ
ã
սϻ䣬Щߣɫ䣬תǼֻɫĴԼѹ˹
ۣ
ЩҵĵԪгֱӣֻն˹ȥ
򣡡
ʮ౶ֱӳͣõ͵һгٶΪ֮һ͡
ô磡
ԶڵӰһ䣬ƺŭõ˷׷׻ףˣڷʲô񾭡
ۡ
ֱӻɱƣҡ
˵ˣ˵Щˣ˭ܱ֤ÿӲ
ӵˣȥǿɾͲˡ
֮սǱģҰ֧ѾΥ˻ʳϷˣԼһ¶ǲ˵ΪɱƣҶüһߵƷô
ʳҲõ
Ҫ֪ʳɲֹһѣңֻʮ֮һ
ʳѹң⼸ҵжԵ侮ʯǸʱҵʧ޿ɹġ
ˣΪһҪɱơ
ǣԣһۡ

ӡ
ֻһգ۵ʱ䣬ӡ߾㵵Ŀ£ֱѹͷ
̣
ķһ˲ֱޣڷӡǾ޴ѹ֮£ӿʼ룬ѵĴ첻ϵ쳹ѣһ̲Ѫ꣬ӡ˵ص֮¡
һ𣬾ʹ䣡
ˣĺԩһգ۵ʱڣҲûͨΪԼӻͻȻʮ౶
ǣѾûлٻһˡ
֣
һ뻪еߣбݣбڷһͨѪ˿еС֣ҽҪ
һǹ˻棬Ƿ۵ҰĳŷƳ˹ˣõԭЩĹȵķɫΪҰס
룡
ָһȴֶָⵯҪ̶ֱ֮ȥ
꣡
΢ƿɭϢŭ߲⣬Ԫһ磬ɫϯȥһɭϫУٶ΢ŷȥ
򣡡
γʮҷΧڵʱ򣬷ƺԥǴ򣬽ţһֵ룬һֳš޷桯նֱն
𾳽ߣѾʹһֶˡ
ӡǿȴûǸʱ׼ˡ
֮ڣߵҲΪ֮һ΢΢Ĵ֮æĳƣҲǼٺˡ

һ׵âζסţһѪ˿ͷ­֣ڵҲֱɢѳ룬ȥ
û˸㣬Ҫô
ֳֳ˵š


379 
¡¡
ĺͬŭҪͷˣ˵ģ¡
Զʱ޲ŴͣЩֱѾʣһ˫۾ͫڣһƬ֮ɫ
ڰʱ֮ڣλ𣬾ȻȺˣ
Ǻ˵ԼˣǣϵǸӡƵʬǣʵ
ôСطˣ
ܾȥҲû뵽Լڴˡ
еһУȫǳǸϣ
ɱλ
ִһ漣
п𣬴֮ڱĻ
ϵĴ򶷣ϵҲͣ
޷һġ
Ǹ߸ϵˣȻˣ˵Ѹ٣õǶز
ô
Ƿˡ
ͬǶһȣԶһ˾ѹǣʱǶڰ֮ھɫ䣬ǸΪͻ
һ׵ĹֹͣѹķǣڶǿԵĻˣ˵ʱ򣬲űлɳˣһ롣
ԣ˵˽ڷˣ


Ƴĺ˿ɨһܣЩڸûӣ׷׵ͷȥߣ
һĺȥ
ϱǸȥδ֪ء
ļǵǼӰϳһ߻Ѫ쵣ЩƵӰ
ô
Ӱֱֻĳ˵ͷ­ԵЩеʵ
ϣҿ첻ˣȿȣ
ĺţ˵ͿȳѪ
ңܲңʮֲңǳң
˵ˣ
ĳһֱѪӰԻˣһڻˣʱһСŮһ㣬ԵЩ޴룬һ˫֮ڣһƬǵɫңЩݡ
ҡҪ˵
һҾͿ첻˵ģΡΡһֻѪ֮ϣƤѣҲޱȡ
㣬˵ˣ
ӰæԼ۵С֣Сĵסֻƣ΢΢һЩǻС˵ţ˸Ứ
꣡
ǻ΢΢ǣ¶Ƶóѵĳϣǳ˳飬ȥԼٿȥᱻ
ҡҪ˵
ķתȥɫû˿ĸı䣬෴һĨ⣬ȴɶ϶˵ţģƺһӾͶһ㡣
Ӱ
ִ쮳ʱ򣬷ƵԵһ
̫ˣ
š
ʱӰ̾һ㣬죬ˮϵĵţһȻĿųŲ԰׵ӣһ㡣
ӰҡǰҡһԸ
пϲȴû˿ı¶Ƕ϶˵š
˵
ӰҲ΢΢ЩһһģԵüΪǰıûټһͨŮӡ
⻰˾عⷵһ㣬ͻȻģھһĨ⣬һֱӰʵӰ±ӣԸ޸𣿡
ʱ򣬼˶֪ѾڴʲôˣӰȴǱжϡﻩģˮֱ
ѽϼһŮҪ˹
ϣ۴Ȥš
ߣŮԸôأ
۰һۣһ
ȻкܲŮԼȥǣԳô㣬ҪѾԼŮĵӣ治ȥƻ
ŮˣԼ·ҪߣԼӦȥǸ·ˣң˻ͣңҲĳĵϲԼŮ
ƣȫǡ

ҡ
ôһʣӰԭЩ԰׵ϱǸֳĨ糺֮ɫɲǼ䣬ͬɽڻѩõĳֱӵֱ۾Լװˡ
ӰѾ졭ˣܴ͡Ӧô
ɢȥҲȥҲԽԽƺѾߵͷˡ
ҡҡǡ
£ӰԵЩֽ޴ˣھһƬңĳȥ⣬͵һ𣬿кҴӦ㣬ȫӦ㣬ֻҪܺùأ
ô
⻰ĳ˲˷ܵķǣҲһϲǿ֮ܵǰҪҪģֱʮǧ
ʱӰҪǻףǾɵˡ
Ļһ֮ˣֱĲˡ
Щ˹ŹֵĿ⣬ֱڸضȥ
ߣ
һֱӾͽĳһ˦𣬱ǳųǽȥҲĳǽлˡ
Σˣϧĳ˲ٻˡ


380 
ιôվǣϽ˰
ڵϣһߺʹһ߳ŷƺţֻ΢ƶЩЩϵ˿ٴѿѪǺòҡ
һʱûͬ
ð
ºˣˣһжˡ
㲻ǿôҲǰ׾ȡ
һĨζЦ⣬еţŲȴǳ˹
ȻڴǣҲشˣؿڹǶʮ£ûмˡ
ȷͦҵģȥԿ죬ܻѾ漣ˡ
˻һЦСӣһ츳ҲȷھԿһشֵ˵СӺܲ򵥡
ɫһɨһЩڣгȵ߲
ƴͬըף쳹ǧ顣
߲
ᰱʿŭҪеԹƷйȥ
ڣ˽ʱ䣬ѹͷľʯǸ漣ˡ
漣
ɽŭ޲
ǰ˶ˣԼô
һȥеڶţһƬһƬȫȥЩ٣ԥҲŹȥ
ʹ˳
ĳӡÿһڳ˵ļ䡣
ǹ򵹵ϵǣǶ¶Цȥ翹ȥֻ·һ
һССеǵǺôļӣ
һͬӵصĻ˵ļ䣬棬ɫǾ䡣
ȥ˱һں֮ڵˣ֮䣬ǳƬ֮ϡ
Ϊ˵ΧռǱһۿɼͬ嫺һ㣬һ죬ʮֵĿɲ
û֪˭ǣɢڸˣˣǣÿһˣΪ
˭
һأʵ֮ڣһݾ¡
͸ǰ˵ΪҲ˵һ֮ϣ
ߣ
۸û˵ֻһ̧һ֣˲ʱĳһƣƷ׹һƵУû˿ķֱӱķ˳ȥµ棬Ѫ
һƣһƣѾһĻǱѪǰ޷
˻
Χˣ𺳵һĻ޲ǵһ
̫ˣ
ΪΪζ
ȫž
۾˼ҩԣϵţǸǰԶ
ϳˣ
ֱһаȵĻȡ
˵϶ۡ
ۣ츳ȴܱȳϣɳǽǸ
˲
ڷҲ¶ģڣɱһ
ʱϵ˶ǲ֪룬Ǳߵڴ󲿷ֶߵ۵ֻվȻ
ȻЩڶңֻˣˣ
ʱ򣬳ϣ㣬ħ˷Ƶߣˡħɫǲôÿ
ٺ٣Ƕˡ
Ŀ⣬ɨˣЦţоһƬ⡣
УƼȻΪ˴׵ʵҲȷѹˡ
⼸ˣ츳ǲһԼĵˣʳѰڣôõĻᣬȻŹ
ۣ֪ɱʥɽʲô֪Ԥ֮ƽʲô
۾ԲɣǳȰòҪһУȻҲδܹ㣡
ٺ٣
ۺЦҸ˵ʲô˭ۣҸûʲôҡ
ˣϣϻ˵ʲôȴס
ʱ˵ʲôҲǶġ
֪㲻ۣ㣡
ƴ˵ţǧԶȺҲķǳ
ע⣬γֲһأ
ϣõˡ
ɱˣûô鷳ô
ٺ١
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǺЦâ˸Ŀͣͬһ۵ġħϣ˵ͬ飬Ϊˣ׼һЩССļ񣬻¡
˵ţħ׳һöָ
һǧϡ伶Ķҩ侧
ۿбһĵĿ
ֱʰ
ʱ˶ǽŵĿˡħ
һλʵĵؼʦ꣬Ǻ롣
ֻǼѣҽѶѣ֪Σ
˵Ľţ۸ǵ⣬ǹ˵š
ħȻСƣʦǿɲǿЦģ


381 ɱ
˵ģ۵仰ֱ
һǧϡĶҩ侧Ǹ޴ջ󰡣ңǼѣҲ˵Ӧˣ͵Ǵͷġ
Ҳǻʳʮ֮һ֮ۺ񣬸ԼЩܹġ
ʱ򣬲˵ˣǳϵҲЩš
ϾҲħΪʲôԭŸƵġ
˵ջܹ͵ס
ȫܾͷƱȽˣЦЦĿۣڷԳһЩϷʡ
Ҫ֪ħ׶ʦ
֣ѹһʳ
Ҳǻʳһѣôˡħڣ
ˣħֻһؼʦǻпܣ
ߣ
ܵһ㣬µġħһһ˫öź¶˳԰׵ϳһаȵĻȡ
Ǻǣħ֣Ȼ˼ǳĳ͸ģ㻹°ɣ˷λһ⡣
Цһ˵ţϣЦ⡣
ĻõЩȻ
ƣ
٣
ķǴЦ⣬ħǣ֣Ľöָ뵽ԼĽָڡ
һϵҲһʶı˾룬˿ǵЦŨˡ
Ȼˬ죡
ʶһؼʦõдˬǸԼһŵƣ
ƺѾżұҳ׵ѹ壬һҶĳ档
ЦļΪۣЩһ㶺ô
ħ֣ˡ
šħ˹֣ɫһɱȻһ䣬֣֣һҲܷŹ
꣡
۴֮ʣȳޱȵĺǳֱɶŵɢæˡ
֪ΪΡħ˽ָΪλҪԼԡ
򣡡
ֱӴʮ౶򣬽ڣõɫ䣬ٶȣԵ
ƣ
־ǵؼ似ϫͬХһ㼤ӿӭ
ģ
ŭ
벻ͨΪΡħؼʦôصĸŷʲôҲûеСӡ
ʱʣǣ˵ļлõûһ˿еʱ䡣
ϵҲû˿ԥƻıǳЩҵǿȥֺ飬ʱ䣬ȷѪ꣬棬һʼ㴦ڵɱ״̬
ģ
ŭȴʼջɢˡħĶǵؼ۷ҵĶԣѳʵ״ô׽ġ
ʴһУʴĲֹԪҲܹʴ
ʱ򣬻Ҳ˽õæҡ
̫ˣ
ƵĹ뻪Ĺܸ̫ˣǣħĶǾģ
ǿǵؼԣǻԣԪ壬ǿЩԣǣڵһѡ
ԣֻѾעˡ
룡
ץסʱƽӡһε˳˫һӣʮöһȣ۵ĺϮȥ
꣡
ɭƿۺë֣ĳһƣЩεвǣعͷʱͷ¡

һŷһӨӨ֮⣬ֻǼǱ׵ɣһ̲ŧѪȥ
һʹҵȥʬҲû£
ûзƵԴݲȵȥǣʮ֮ڣٶȱʮڼɧţϵıˡ
˻
Զ޲ǵһ
Ȼ֪˭ǣһƾͽһˣˣˣѵпܼô
ʱһ֣ۣң
Ȼ󲿷˲ֵǣЩӻʳˣȴһ㵡
ңǿǻʳʮ֮һĴ
һôһ룬Ǻжôıˡ
㾹Ȼɱ
һĻЩǱǲˣһĪĿŷƼˣھһƬ塣
û뵽꾹ȻɱԼǿԼͷⰡ
ˣ
һƬҡ
ǻȥ·һ
ɱһ
һĮָʱжȥˤһ⽴
ģǲûйķûз
岻Źģ
һŭŷƣһƬȻ˵仰ǰνԾ


382 ȫʤ
߰ʮڱȫֻǣڳϵȴûʲô˵飬෴ģԵЩء
ǰɱۣĻưոô
Ƿ񶨵ġ
ģҲҶ
һȻǴһĨ޵Ц⡣
ʱ۲ûб¶ԼݣԣҸģҾ£ʳҲƱػע£ʩѹǾˡ
ٺ٣Ҳǡ
һġħ˶ͻһЦ
Сħؼʦڴˣ˭
ǻڴɣԽԽãҪ֪֮ǰħƾһ֮ͽʳɱɾЩȻңǣϡħҲòȥԣӦʳѰӦҲŶԡ
֮ͨϵЦŨˡ
ǼͶǰɣ
ĿһתһһֱŲ߸ںǳһ䡣
Ը
ǶһۣǴͷɥĵͷ­
Ψ·һңʵҲԸ
Ҫģ
ǱƵģ
ƼգΧࡣ
Ȼ֪Ѿ˽ʥɽڣһһǴȹھ˭ôɵǣ
һͶİǷġ
ϣǴˡ
仰Ʊǳųǽӷɶȥˡ
ַ£һͷۣǣõˣϾպӻҪǴ죬ڣĺʱ
ȷƼһߣ죬۵˱ߺȿˣʵʵһһĵǼǣȻ󱻴ɢһš
һսȫʤգԹԵǣԼ˳
Ǿ͵ɣ
ٴ˴糱һ̲ںʳ֮ǼΪټ£ˣߵĵλûٸɡ
սᰣѾرǸصĺˣƺʳǧ˿ƵϵˣҲɱˣǺԥģ
ƵĴٴξϯʳ
ǵģ漣·ϣһδһ˲漣
֮ˣս
ˣֱӽ벻ǵ֮ڡ
̫ˣ
ɱڣɱѵ֮ʱɱɣ
ѵǲܵô
һˣ϶ǲܣǣ漣ϣǾûʲôǲܵģ
Ϊһླѣ
ԻΪһţʳҲҪΪ֮ĳ

һɫĳǱ֮ڣռ˿һǡ
ҵĸݵأ
һ֮ڴѵ죬һ쳹Ǳܹļ
ʲô
һǱ뺷ֱվв豭Ҳֱӵµأˤķ飬ˮһء
εҼŨ
վǰһӣҲЩͷҲ̧𣬹һػ
˵۶ˣ
ŨԲһ˫ţĿĶǰӣģ˶ɣεıŷ˳ġ
ˡ
ӲΡΡĻشţڳҲЩһҡ
ҲǣˣȫǱ֮ڣȫҪɱǾԵġ
¡¡
ͬɽ鱬Ũ쳹ԵӣӣһɲǼȫɷĩǸӣҲ׷˳ȥײǽϣһѪ˳
˵ôģ
ŨڣŭҲ΢΢ЩţȻŬѹԼеķŭ
ۣҵ֮ĵһţҲδǣȴزˣ룬ܹܵˣ
үǱǸɱģ
Ӳһݵؿڣһ˵ţлѪ
ƣ
Ũһ㶡
İң۴ϢҲҪԸƣʱǵˣڵ֪һϵе¼֮ҲϵľһҪж
̫ˣպض󻼣ԣǿʼֶԸԱƳơ
ĿĴﵽˣǣȴǷƣԼδ
Ľܹܵˣ
ܣһڣôǺ۶Ķ֣
۵ʵˣ紫ԷεǣĿУƽѡ
ţӱǽ¼ľһһʮ˵˳ûһ˿
ħȻ
֣Ũŭ𻺻Ľ
ħǿǻʵĵؼʦڻʳ֮ڣм˸ȥ
ƣ㲻Ҫ˵̫磬һΪ۶ģ
Թ޵ӴڴĺԶԶ


383 һѪ
սǾһֱؽ״̬ãһշҲǸˡ
֣
Ӱѵֲ
֮ǣ˶Ǹпǧ
ֻһˣΪĳ֣һбת˹
½ǣڳй㳡ģһʮ֮ߵܣһƮ⣬ϱһУݣͬսһ㡣
ܣ۵ģֻۡ
һֻۣ
ȴȻ֣Ƭ˸˸Ȼֻһܣȴ̺һڡ
ÿ죬㳡֮ϣ˾ۼĽܡ
ػ
ûûڵ
Ϊһż

ڵ֪ԼһܣЩЦãʻ죬ȴЦõЩΡ
ܲԼȥ˰ɣ
ΪһɱԣƲżϻʥɽ㣬롮ħȻס˷ңĳˣȴһֱƤĸһ飬죬ҲûӰҲ֪ȥˡ
ңҲʵıĽˡ
Ļܺ᣿
˵治һңң
Դˣûκη顣
ƵΪˣˣĿǰǨʳǣǶûʲô⣬Ǵ˵ɣ
˵ǻմ˷ҵĹ⣬ս죬Ϊ˻ʵ˸ǵĸߵƷ
ΪṆ̀ǵĵ̾ǣƣ
һˣѹһС

ƣֹż񣬸ǷҵĽ
һֻǾǸСѣķ⣬ΪҵĴڡ
ҵһǣǸп֡
ǰһֱԼ۸С꣬ѾǴﵽһֻľ硣
𰡣
Ǵ˵еĴڣȻҲС
ʱߣʦǣѾǸųӹţʮǧ֮ңԶ
ڷǣȻȥԹޡ
һԶһˣ
Ϊ˷ƴĴ侧縮似ؼ࣬Щӣ֮࣬Ƿ糾ָ֮żЩһ
ǷҵϣҲһֱֻԼ
̫Σˣ
һֻһ
ԣָҲǼΪϽԼľĴˣƣȭն似Ҫ㣬Ҳһһ˵Ҹʾõķ糾˷ǳ⡣
Ѿ˸ߵĳɾͣǣԼǸĶӡ
ڳǰûһ˿ļӣûеԼǸ˲ˣһУôôԴһ𾴣ԴֳĿݡ
ػõ˸п֡
⣬ǵؼҩʦܻɱ𣬸߸ϣڼңǷҵķƣ˶ѣ
Ƹ磡
ڵվڷƸǰһΡ
Ǻǡ
ֻɨһۣƱ֪ôˣЦһʵôĲ׵ģ
Ѿˣֻǡ
˾ͺã
ڻҪ˵Щʲôȴǽӿڴ˵һЦ⣬ǰȥļص˵ǶǷˣڵ̻ʳЩ׵ʸҲûС
ԣΣڸλֵļͷˣǣպҪңǾǷҵҪҵӵܲ裡
ǺǣǿܻΪԼ츳£ܳô
һѪҺңĵΪʲôѵڲŷҵѪô
ǣ
ƺǵĿкǸ־ڳ塣
ǰ꣬ԼһѪҺΪʲôĵ飬Լ
ԼһУ
һ̣вǸ߸ϣǳΪǵһĿ꣬һҪϳĿ꣡
䳡ϵľ󣬷糾һڷҳϣ޲۾ͷڣɫ
һˣҪΪǿߣҪ츳Ȼ󣬾
ԼܹΪǿߡ
ҲҪ㣬Ŀ꣡
ȱһɣڣ˵һ㣬㣬ڳķӵȫ߱ˡ
ƣǵĶ־һõĿꡣ
Һˣ
侧似ؼǻɳĸ졣
һֱ䣬ƲǸϻԼԺ䡣
㣬һͲԼϢһô
ǵԺſڣرӭŷ΢ƣӣۡ
Щƿһֱûͣ£ũҩ䣬ǾǿҲֲס
ûʲôġ
شŨŨ飬Ⱥģֱ˽ĸ׵ĻУһ̵顣
ȥϴ裬ˮѾ׼ˡ
ϣ


384 СķӦ
¹ȥˣһû˿ĶֻǣⲢǴҾʹ˰֡
֪ңֻǲѣңֵ̫Ϊͻأ̲ʳʮ֮ڣ֮䣬ٷս¡
ֱӶ֮ٴαᰵĴ㡣
ԣֻ
ֻǣ֪Сħڣбӳˡ
һ͵Ϯô
Ȼ˵ۺ񣬵ǣɲǺܶ࣬ңѾʧرǣҲ˽ȥ
Ѿʹˡ
Ϊ۵£ԣעģ˫Ʋ
˫뷨һȫ֮ǶԷԾ󻼡
ȻĿǰȻǴƣǣ¼ȻѾʳͻ¡
ϾУǿһλؼ߽׵ҩʦ
ݣĻʳˣ·֮Ũյ˻ʳľ档
ֹҵľٶҪ˵ƱƳʳ
ԣǾԶ˵ġ
ڻʳľ棬ŨɲҲǿǿʳ
ǲܵġ
ǣɳŨҲǺܲġ
ֻǣ֪ǣҲΪ֮ж׵ĽԨ棡


֮ϣ۾ڣ滺ĵȴȥ
һһЩˣݷƹƣӦҲزˡ
һʱ䰡ѾˣõпĹͫǺð
ڣھһ¡
ǾǵҪҪȥ
ջܴԣǣȴ˵治쾧õķʵЩ⡣
Ҫ𾳽ܽ
ʱôġ
ڷϵĸ룬ƿǲҵġ
𾳽磬Ǿ˵𾳽磬ڣǻһΣա
ȥ˵
ƺܿ˾
ȻçײˣĿǰ츳ǳ£ˣûҪðΣȥֺõ顣
ʱ䣬ȵ
´һ·˴кǳŷѧԺȥ
һ·ϣ·˼ͣǳϵģõķƺǺգһڣȡһϣһǼҴҵѧԺ
ս£ѧԺû˿ĸı䣬ֻǣѧԱȴػѧԺ
ѧԺſڣƱǱһ鲼ϣɾ͹ˡ
ǡƴˣ
Ƴǿ鲼֮ǸʦǾˣҲЩ
Ǻǡ
Цһ˵ţʦܽȥô
Ȼ
ŷԶȥӰ굼ʦþûزૣ봫еһû˿ļӡ
ǽѧԺ֮ڣһֱִַڻеСǱЩˡ
ôˣ򣿡
Ŵڳһë׵ͷ­С򣬷Щʵ
ѽѽ
СƺԵЩ٣Сǰ㲻ϵĻӶš
˵Ǹ򣿡
Ƶ۾
Сǰָķ򣬾ȻԺ
С춯һ㶼йأõķƲòɣԺ֮УǷҲйصأ
磬֮ࣿ
ţƵĺЩʵйصĶ
꣬һڴĿС
ѽѽ
С˷ܵĵͷڣȻ¶һĨòοɫƺΪôͷӦеһ㣬£ƵǱǳ˳顣
꣬ٴαһͷС޸ˣ
ڽϵȷǸ⡣
֪ˣɱð
һ˿ǳѧԺȥ
ܲɣѧԺ֮ڣҲƵĵܣһԺĹ㳡һԺſڣԣѧԱһ۱ܹϳ
ЩѧԱΧţʱѲһʦϵŽΧȳຣǸʦĻ£Ҳǻ˰ʱԺڣԺĿ£ЩǱĳ˽ȥ
Ϊͽˣ˭֪ǳֽѨԺѧԱԺĸΪ飬һҪָ㣬ҪһϹΧǱߵſˡ
ſڣˣľϡ
ϣ
ƿĻţЦӯӯ
ƴˡ
ľҲǼȼָп
Ǽʱ䣬ѾԶԶĳԼˣ⣬δġ
ɳ̫ˣ
Ͻҷƾͺˡ
ſǴܣǳ˳顣
⻹ûˣǣ
ľһĿ£߽˺֮ڡ


385 
߽˺֮ڣһʹǴӽŵȫõķΪ֮΢΢һ
ԣȻͬѰ
Ŵӽŵ״ʹ΢΢п
ԣߵľ磬ҲԵĸߵֻͣҪԣǶиӰ죬񣬷ƵѾǴﵽһɹ۵ĵزǣǵԵʴ
ֻſڣ˵Ҳʦʦ̶ȵܣǣѾڵķƣȴܵӰ졣
Խ˽⣬ƾԽԲ򵥡
ԣϡеıԣҲһܹ˿Ӱ죬ǣȴķ
˵еԣȻǷͬѰģȻҲܳΪ˵
ѽ
̤˺ڣеСǵȲһģ촦ðͷһ˫Ө˸˸ֱźڣ˷֮ɫ
𼱣
һ䣬һΣȥ
ҪԣԾһʲôĳ̶ȡ
ѵȥ
ķƵľٶľüͷ΢
ȥ޻أˣѾĻ棬ҲֻܽӽѣǴΣҪǿд룬Ǿһͻزˡ
ԣķƳȥЩǡ
ǿǣڶѡ
ľȴţԲһ³ç֮ˣȥûаյ¡
ϣٴһ漣
ֻۣľջĿ⣬мڴͬʱҲǵǡ

Խ߽СԽǿܣֱӴӷƵ촦˳վļͷϣһ²ģ
ֻ۲۵С
һ۰ȻС΢
Ѿ򣬽´ʹѾõܲˣǣ̶ȵԣȴ˿Ӱ첻С
ƺˣ
ǷѾ֪һֻСǴʱҲѹֲסеľȡ
꣡
Ѿʵˣһһ䣬ɫ׵ڵĵذţһ̲סëȻڵĸо
Ǹоһ㡣
ֻҪڲ߽˰ɣ
ŽŰ´ľʹˡ
ΪЩ׵紫ʹѾ֮ˡ
û˿ԥƵũҩ֮ϵ鵤ҩתٵ޸Щܴĵط
ֻǣϵĲڣҩԾЩˣҲԽԽԶԶȥƺһɫһ㡣
˻
ƲϵĺʹҲһֱ鴤ţڣһƴš
ߵǰͣ˽Ų
֪ţ棬ˡ

ǿϴʹ΢΢Щ˫֣⿪ģȳص˿
꣡
ŲǴ򿪣ĵ绡ǵصĳŷ˹һ֣ǰסͷؿڣҲǿĵ绡ľ룬ɵ˻ȥһκܳľ롣
ãǵصĵ绡ǻȥ
˻
ڵذϣƵǲϵĳ鴤ţһɫĵ绡ϵԶţĵ绡һվ
̫ǿˣ
Ƶ֮ڣһĨ塣
ܹоǹɳܣǣΪԣԼûзֱӾͱˡ
ʱǴҲһʹ
ӵһΣʹϾĸо
ҩ뵽֮ڣһбǲŻָ
֪ܲܵõԡ
˦˦ֱۣЩ촽ͷһȴǷ֣СѾˡ
һﲻܽȥ˰ɣ
Ƶ߱ȴ򿪵
һƬȫɵ绡ɣһ׵硣

˿Ʊһһĳȥ
վǰͫģƿһЩ׵еһЩ
棬ʬ壬ȫòѳʬ
ЩʣӦþǷѧԺϵˣΪ̽׵磬
ţ
һӣԼʮҵֱףһƬףɭ̹ǣϵĳŵ绡
ǿӣĺˡ
Ƕѵӵ֮ڣ
ǲµĵ绡ӣƵ̲ס˲
ʱȥ·һ
ֻ£ҲҪľңп߽ȥ
ʱ򣬷Ʋŷ֣Լƣ֮УƺӲ˿볣û


386 Ī
ף伫֮һŻƾһУɣκηǰǶͬ裬ô
Ϊ˵İԵԣųΪļ֮һ
룬ӵԵ磬֮ˣܶԿʦӲǳԽ󼶱ǺεȵĿ£
㱼䣬ǵԵӰǳڷǰϵЦõķƲ΢΢һȡ

µʹõķƺܿ˹ǳ˳飬æũҩ֮ϵҩԣҩתǹʹȥ
Ҳ֪ôˡ
Լ磬ҲûнһС
û壬Լô̵ʱͻߣûǸŮԼ͸ܵõҩûгҩԼ쾧ôӰԼ͸ûлʤĿܡ
Ҳ˵磬иı˷ˡ
һŮ䣬ЩĪڣʲôҲ˵ֻ̫ǣÿζ뵽ǵӰ
ռң
üͷ塣
ϣţң汲ȻֳܷҩĴڣȻռǼΪĲ򵥡
ңҪǣӵʣ
ô
΢΢¶һĨЦǰ棬Լʲô
һӵԵǰ棬ԼȫȻ޴棬켶ҩʦ۳ʵҲᱻΪϱɡ
һЩͨͨγԺ󣬷̾һ߽֮ڡ
꣡
ɫĵ绡ӭʱ÷Ϊ֮һ
£Զŵ绡̧ĽŲȴôҲŲȥɫҲЩɲƺڳž޴ѹ

ӵӿ绡ͬ˳һĶֱӾͽƵ˳ȥˤ֮ڡ
꣡꣡
绡ϵöƵҲǸŵ绡ĽţãŲΡΡվ
Ƭ׵磬ӣ̲סһ
̫ˣԼ׵ʴ׵Уͬ裬һô
룬⻹ֻ״̬Զѣġ
ֲǳĿֲ
ʱѾڣֻֻѹ˰ɣ
ٴ硣
ߵܿʦڣֻ¾ҲҪΪ֮ͷ˰ɣ
ӿĵ绡ûٸ̤벽
Ŀǰľ磬ȥѡ
ңӷרֻ£ûľҲ²Ǹӡ
Сһô
һŵ绡ʴһߣٴͫĿ׵֮ڣҪСǼһﵽʲô
ʱһһιȥԼ˲ʱңһɫӰ֮мӶȻСǸһ
Ө˸Χ׵ƺӰ첻׵統Уͥһɡ
ʱſСڣĿлһɫʲôƿҲǺ
ৣ
СվڷƵļͷ
ҪʣСſ³һӨ˸
ƹ꣬ȴǹ꣬ȴӨŹĿǼףȴǳһͷͷǡ
Ǽ֮ϣһ·Щ·ӨӨ˸˸ƺһ󷨣һβɴݵӾ
ƺûʲôƵǼף
ͷǼӵĲλʼһӲƬĳĲͷ­ȫڡ
ģϣһ绡öţ֮˼ơ
ǰƴϣƺһױȵϢޣһϵĳǰ
ÿµĶ
һֻΪ֮һۣǾɢȥУĵӿ̱ڵء
ѽ
Ŀ¶׹⣬С̧Сǰ㣬ֱĴͷ֮ϡ
ǿûʲôһצȴõĿ¶־壬ص˿Ǽ֮ڣðͷ
Сһצ֮£ǹ˳ޱȣõķƲòٴθп
СڻĹżģʱ׷𣬴ԿĳСһûʲôȻҲᱻ׷ˡ
ǣٶȴǿ磬ңŸӦ侧
÷ƺǲСһ﾿ǺֻޣΪأ
ķǾȵĿ⣬Сǵ⣬һĳƨСצץŷǰһ͡
ʲô
Ǽ֮ڵЩɻʵ
ⶫԲ򵥣ң봫˵еΪƣ


387 
䣿
ĵðƵʱһҲ¶һĨĿ⡣
˵СצееǴ˵е䡣
䣬ǿǻĹ󳬼֮һڣ
˵УβƵĿǼףɽ֮ƣڻĹ䣬Ҳܺߵĳ
ǰ鼮֮Ϊô
ڹ꣬ſǼףֻǣǸͷԵЩѣ㲻䣬ǿ϶Ҳĺ֮һ
ûͷ֮ӣ׹ֻ꣡ǣİˡ
ѽѽ
СȻҡͷֵͷʱõķƵ⾿ǲ䡣
ѽ
СǾԼĶͷÿʱ򣬸û취ͣõСΪΡ
̫ˡ

ǳ˳飬Ŀٴοצ׹꣬üͷ壬Źֵʵ㲻Ҫҳɣ
ŷ˫䱩ӣ̲סǲ˲
ôΣյĶȥǿ϶Ҫеˡ
ѽѽ
СĵͷֱӾͽ׹ŷȥ
ιι
ֹһſڣǱˣСĶٶȣⲻûɡ
ڵڣƲòԾ͵ȥ
Ө˸˸׹꾫ǣһƵڣչֳԼһ棬ͷ֫е绡ƣſڣ³һ׵磬õķӺݺݵĲ˼æ
ֻǣǱҲԴ޼£ס׵ʴһзͬ裬ڱصĴˡ
ôԣ
ֱӾʹˣ˼·Ҳ·ˡ
Ҫԣ
׹겻ϵ£ƵҲһһΪǾҵʹЩŤ
ûãԣֻ׹ԼŰһһĵҩ޸Ŵˡ
ũҩ䣬ٴξһ
ûũҩ䣬Ƹ֪ôȥ׹ĿǰַһΣشˡ
ɶȥУ
Ʋ׹Ķ̬żۿɼٶڼٵҩЩ
ȥҩԳᱻӻɾǸʱ򣬿ɾͲˣֻ£ֻһ;ˡ
СѾ޼£ֻ취ˣֻǣɷƽʾԼҲ벻Ը׹İ취
ԣ̫Եˣ
磬ķһӣС˫ͬǳڣһĨıóѵЦ⡣
ôڷƸǰϴĵ绡ƺһ㣬Ӱ첻
һ˫۾â˸˸ֱŷƵؿڣƺܿڵĶ̬һ㡣
ʱȥˣ׹û˿İ취ڼˣƻ˾޸ûҪȥֹˡ
ԣõķ޲ߡ
ˣҩԿˡ
ļЩģҩһ𣬴á
ӿˡ
磬СƺҲ֪˷Ƶć̬վţɫһһĪƣģСС˳
𣡡
һͺ³ȴĳֱӴ뵽˷Ƶڡ
ԭ죬ڷŰ׹꣬ʱһֱ֮ӾͷҲ˿Ǽ֮ڣðͷһ˫ڣǿ־壬ƺпһ㡣
ţ
õķΪ֮һ㶣ЩȻģ뵽Щģĺ
Сĺ
ڵĴ˾޸֮˿һŵ׹꣬
Ϊλˣ׹Ҳأ
벻ͨѵѹ󳬼ͷϵĴ
С˳ȣû˿ɱʵϣҲˣֻǣΪ޵ľȴôηأ
ӦҲһͷͨĸ߽׻ްɡ
ţƲЩҡ
Լ˻ĹżɫǾͲССԼûпܻ֪ܣҲ޷ľǡ
ǸС
΢΢ǣ´һõһ󶶲
ɣ
˳񣬷ĬĬܾ
һΪ֮˳ÿһ䡣
˻
ƵɫʹЩŤ
ľһ뵽ÿһϸ֮Уϴӵʹ࣬õЩʹ
һУһһиһ㣬ʹ࣬޷ѹ֡
ֻǣѾʼˣǾͲܽ
ңѾ۵ĺôȻ֪⾫ǣԼ϶Ŵô
ʲôأ
ƺڴ


388 
֮ڣѰûΪҲֶá
ڵĵذϣɫĵ绡ԶţӳһɫС𻨣죬ֻţͷƤ顣
ôһطһͷСޣһ꣬ȴ
Сһ̹һ绡ڸһ㣬Ӱ첻
ķƣǾͲôˡ
´ʹ⻹ǴҪģҪʹģڡ
˻
ƲϵĳӺŤǲϵĲţҧأƴţԻÿһϸľʹ
ʹƺһḶ́һ˵ľᴿԣʹģ
ɱ䣡Ҳһ
ֻǣʱܻϸ
̾ڽÿһϸ˺ˣȻ飬޸˺飬ظ룬ôһܣ
εʹҪ뾫ǡ
εʹ㷺ƺڽÿһ鼡ѣÿһһ㣬ʹ顣
ҪʣȴԼҲʹֻܳܣӱܡ
ʱͷ׹꾫ǣһǶѡ
ǼľǣһٴμӿܾٶȣҪʹʱ̡
ǣ
һ٣ƱҲܲסˣޱȵɲ͹𣬾һ̾£ڵذϲϵķţвϵķƺ˵һ㡣
أ
䣬⣬н뵽С
꣡
һɫöţֱӽ˰סʹĸоʴڣԭӦøΪʹķƣɫȴǹķŻࡣ
ţ
Ի´΢΢һ㶡
ǰ˺ѵʹɧ£Ȼȥ
ۣƲŷ֣ԼȻС
ԭ
öĵ绡΢΢ЩȻ
˻
һٴδʹʹУʱõķʹһ졣
ȥһЩ᲻õ㣿
ðһ󵨵ͷվǰһ
꣡
ǵصĵ绡ƶڷƵϣһ̶졣
ȻУ
ʹļᣬӿһɿϲ֮顣
ţٴȥһ·ϽˣһֱӲ׵ĵط׵ʵǰвˣƲͣ
ΪȻʹһֱᣬǣȴǳܲ˵绡ѹҲкܶദЩѪģԣŲòͣ
ȥ˳񣬷ƱǼܾ
֮ϲ
ԣȻԶãõʱ
СҲŷ˽Уͬͥ绡öڸһ㣬˷ƸǰԶȥ۾ϾȻһˬ
СǸ
Ź߰˸ʱңڣͷ׹걻ˣܸоĵͷ׹꣬Ȼӵܾܸκβ
ʱҲһΪǵģѪ߰ߣˮһ㣬һƬˮ

̱ڵϣҲûˣżٵţͬ뿪ˮһ㣬ƴĺš
ٴΰȥˣ
ΣĴڣֻ²˵ɡ
ƻķȥڵȣָоĵ
̥ǣ
Ȼûã˾ͽ뵽һ״̬
ˣ
һȵ»ǣĲʹһ˵
ƾȪһ㣬۾Ҳ΢΢
̫ˣ
˴һ״̬ɷʥ
ȵһ֣ٴηˡ
ڵĵ绡ƺܵĳǣһ㣬׷Χ֮ڣЩ绡ȫž£˹ڡ
һɵ绡۶ɵιǴΧĵ绡룬ԽԽۺ
Сֻһۣ·ڵأ۾ⲻɶõᡣ
ܿģһȥˡ
û˿ı仯Ҳ˯һ㣬֮ڳǵ绡ġꡯû졣
ȥˡ
ô
ʱ䣬ûƳľЩˣ߽Ǽš
Ȼȥ֮У
ľһɫǳȥ
뵽Σ֮֮УûκεѶԲʲô£


389 ̼
ʲôû
ľľ˵֪ʱҲһ
ţѾˡ
ľ˵ͷ
Ҳΰ̫ˣӽţҲ޷֪Σֻˡ
£
üͷ壬ַԸ£ȱ𴫳ȥô
Ժġ
ľȻףĿǰɷһ˳ţµϢ룬϶᲻롣
ڼľ뿪֮󣬻Ҳס΢΢øϽ֪ͨȥУ
˵ţǿ첽һشȥ
ʱΨһܽģֻлһ˶ѣ

֮ڣһɫĵ绡ںҵöţɱһС
˻ĿռڣȴǴһ׵ɵĹ롣
꣡
ӨӨ˸˸裬ײ䣬ŷһëȻ
ģԼһӰʹ׵Ĺ֮ڣ۾һ̹Ȫһ㡣
ϣģŷһ죬죬µļ⣬һйɵĲţƺڷĳָı䡣
ƺڱǿ
ŹĲԶһŰɫ̾Ҳһ̹ƺʲô̧ͷŷһۣվ߽еǿ֮ڡ
ĺܳһϾ룬ֻͣлһߵŴ
ʲô
վŴǼĴڣʱڱǸֳһĨ˼ɫҲ
ȫ׵϶ɵĹ룬ŵ绡˸ܿһӰڡ
ˣٲȻǽ뵽ķƣ
ôܣ
ߵھһƬ𺳵ɫ޷Լ۾һУѵȻʲɣ
ԣǿǴ˵еԣ
ǣûʩչԳ⴫˵еԣھΪԸѰǼֱû˿⡣
ӵԣôǰ޷͡
̫ˣ
ã΢ƽ
ǰ޷ӳġ
ǱĴڣǾһ漣

ٴο˰죬ûʲô仯˿Ӳ˲ת뻪һͬ˳ȥ
棬ô
˺ſڣǹʵ

˵ҲЩпǸ׼ĴڣͨǾʲôĴڣԣֻܽ˵ˡ

ſڵļľһ㶡
ﵽڵľ磬ں֮ǾûʲôЧˣǿʶѣôǺܴ
š
˵ͷܰȫİɡ
仰ߡ
Ȼȥ֮һ˽ʱ䣿
һڵǳ˳顣
Ȼǹﰡ
һླѣȻ֮ڣֱǲ顣
ðôٶҪ߽ź֮УңܳŶá
󣬻ȥһ˷ң֪ںҪһʱ䡣
糾ʾ⡣
һֱǸ

ܿ죬ȥˡ
ڵʱ򣬳һˣʶĹЧ֮˶ľѡ
ֱǸǰ
ȥ˴ʵʱ䣬侧侳磬ֻǣƾܹԵ
뵽⣬ڶһĨ𺳡
ãѾͬ˹ˣһ˵ĵжֱʳѰ
ΪδںڴҲֵıȽҿ࣬ǣǵľǣߵǰ
ǰһɫ϶ɵĹ롣
꣡
ϲǿһֱӱ㱻ӿĵ绡ż˳
˻
ڵϣǲϵĳ鴤ţڣһƬ¡
ܹӦĵһ׵ɱһУǰԵǰһзͬ裬ҲھôƣȴѾڴˣ
ģƼڷźΪ̹ӣٴκݺݵĳ˳顣
꣬ﰡ
оԼǼʶˣʲôˣܳΪ
󣬰ҲһΣҲȳϺòȥһɫĹ룬߳ĸΪڿˡ
̼ˣ
꣬ҲģİԼͱߣȴŵʸҲûУˣ죬ͬȪһˬȱ֮Ϊˣܹܵˣ
̫ˣ


390 츳
ƽѾʱˣɫĹ룬ûʲô仯һɡ
֪ʲôʱϵѾΪĩˣʱķƻ㡣
꣡
һɫĵ绡ǼʵļԶţõ˶һĪơ
裡ͬٳ
˻Ϣ׵磬оȻΪż
Ѿɷʥ
ϸ˵Ļ֮ܿڣһӨţÿһ缡⣬ÿһÿһϸͬٴ麣ȫ뵽֮ڡ
Ȼ鷢ˣ
һӨ͸˿ߣ뵽֮󣬻ģȻϳһͼ
ûͼңզһȥ׹Ǽ֮ϵ·Щƣ֮
ЩӨ֮󣬾˳Щ·תţת죬󱬷һҫ۵ĳâķûڡ
ãâɢɫĵ绡ҲˣƻҡΧĵ绡ϮֳһĪӨ⣬ЩϮĵ绡ȥõЩ绡
ֻǾ֮ǰûʲô仯һˣ֮ǰƺ˸һ㣬ǣҪ˵Ȼȴֲ֪Ӻ˵
ˣ
ڴһƵ͵һһɳϢţƱŷΧƵĵ绡Ҳ˿ȥ֮УȻγһ֮ء
꣡
۾һƬ֮ɫе绡öͬo飬Į£ġ
ãڵ֮ɫŻĵȥ

ſڣ³һڳİɫվ
ףôûб仯
΢΢ĸӦһƲûиоͬһı仯Ҳûһɣƺ׹꾫֮ûеõκεĺô
ৣ
һӰӳվڷƵļͷһ˫Ө˸һ۷ƣĵ˵ͷ
ô
Ϊûб仯ȴǲżԼ֮Уʱͫ͵һһƬ£򣿡
͵ӿһɿϲҲЩ
ģһֻȥȻǼϲһĻ
꣡
ĵ绡ϵ˸ֱֻ֮ϣһɫСָо
һ㣬С꣬΢΢ЩûκεʹС
ôܣԣ
ܣƻЩš
ֱǲ˼飡
˵еԣȻһ㣡绡Ϯһ㣬ܸκε˺
ѵȻ̳ķ츳
һ
أһС
䣬Է룬ҲƲķɼķжôǿᣬƺҲû˺ĵ
ʵҲˡ
ĹǺǿǣƾһӲļ˳޵С
ţƱǼ
ӵķ츳պǶһŻ
⴦乥Ҳﵽһ׵ĳ̶ȣǣܵĹȻֻͬһ㡣
ɼĿǰƵķѾһɲĵز

ţǻĳЦЦУǿϲ
Լʲô
һķٶܵȫһ˵ķ֮պǻԼĵһܴľϲ
ˣƲŷ֣Լǻ㣬ʱڨڨĳ˳ǡ
ûˣȻһվڿյ쳤Цľ󣬾ԻΪ񲡡
óһϣƱȥ
ߵſڣͣתӷ
ܲȥأ
ţƱЩԾԡ
ĿǰķӦҲûж⣬ңóʱĵġ
ңڴΪ˵źöڡ
ڴδ֪ĺö
ȥԡ
һĨ˷ܣƱǳӴȥ
վһԣƱǼ棬һƬ֮ɫһ绡˸ţײһɫСɭ죬õЩš
׵磬˶һηڵķҲ⡣

ĺ˿Ծ¡
绡ӿͬˮһӿǹɳֱֽƴڳ˳

һٴԾ£ΣԼϲһʮ


391 
ʮ֮󣬷Ƶοʼ½Χ绡ӿϣͬõҲһ
ڵԣ̫ŨˣѾﵽĵزȻƤǣҲǷǳĲܣ¾ڽʸһ㣬ʹ֡
̺ܿ죬ΪҲǺҲͼҡ
䵽ʵأƻӦͱһŨĵ绡Ʒ˳ȥصײұ֮ϣĿһƣһѪﲻסֱ˳
ĵ绡̶ʵ̫ǿˣ
ʱķҲ⣬ֻܿұڲŻվǻֱá
ǰһƬ绡磬ããһƬʲô
ũҩ֮ϵҩҩתƲžúһЩģ֮ڱȼһĨ档
µ磬ģģĳڷƵǰ
⣬ƺǱ˻ҳġ
ǰΪΧұڿӿݣƺﻹ˼ҵĴ򶷡
ʲô
ǰһĻõķһ𣬾
ǰģģģһӰԻһ߸ߴӰͬһ㣬ػԣӰĲԶһͷȻֻǣͷ­λȴһӫ˸ĳȻߴѾȥʱˡ
ֻǣǴģȴ䣡
ѵ䣿
ԼǾ߾ǣһ
Է䣬Ȼնɱˣ
ǾӴĿǼףƼܹȷǾԼǵԴ
֮ӣ׹꣡
ΧЩ绡ԴǴǾ߿Ǽɢġ
ƻûд𾪵ëȻһĻˡ
꣡
̶죬վǾ߿ΰӰȻ۾ڣһƬͨû˿С
˫ӵһɭɱ֮ʿ
ã
˫ӣһһ壬ǳԾȥ
˫֮У
ৣ
ӰƱòһ˲ʱ˾ͱٴصײұ֮ϣǿķӰ£û˿ãֻһȭƱǾԼȥؿڵĹҲȫ顣
֪ԭԼķҲô޵С
ͣ
һѪ˳ֱӰ֮ϡ
ˣ
һƬҡ
ǰ̫ǿˣǿЩף
ãԤеûӰѾȭͷȴû
ţƱǾһɣʵأؿڵľʹõʣҲſſȥ
ˡ
ɰͰ͵ڷƶõΪ֮һ㶡
˭
ûˣͻȻõķƻëһ
ҡ
ΣĺףƺͳǰӰ
ȿȣ
㶣һѪҩԣŻĻָ˹
ұڣվֱǰӰ
һΰӣңһڵףɭĹΧЩ绡֮ϣǾ
ֻǿһۣõķ֮ԵۺǰڣһƬ֡
̫ˣ
Ӱ³ɱϢ飬ɱһ㣬û˿¶ر˫ĮһеӣԵĸо־塣
Ҳûٴζ֣ƲŷŻ
֪ΰҪֵĻԼܾһˡ
ֻǣ벻ͨǣӵǺʱ֮ڵģѵǷϸӦ֮ģ
Ȼ϶˵ܽ
ΰӣԲܲһѣ
֮УǱضҲԴġ
˵ˣˣ
뵽֮ǰһˡˡ֡
û
ΰӿ٣ɰͰûеĻڷƶȴԵüΪɰ
ԼȻĪģ֪ǳɱֵˣ
оӵһ㡣
ǡΪأ
˷ܹ󣬷ɻˡ
ղŻԼɱģһתۣԼȻͳˣõоЩĪ
Ϊӵ˵Ѫ
ΰתȥͨǾŵӰĮڣȻ˿˿ĪС
Ѫ
һ㶣ԼղƺһѪңƺˡ
˵Ѫ
üͷһ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥԶһӰ͵һ
ѵˣȻԼ治ɣ
նɱ棿


392 ʮ
֮ڣ׵绹׵磬绡ӣ໥ײ˱ϢɱһС
˵ˣӵѪ
Ϊȷϣٴһ䡣
ţԼ澹Ȼӵܡ
˵նɱ֮׹꣬ǰΰɱ֣ǾѾǳԽĴڣȵĴڣȴ˰ˣ
ôҵλ棬Ѿǿᵽ˺ֵĵز
ΪΣǿߵļ壬Ʒ᰹ڣ
ңֻڵһС͵ļѣΪΣʲôҲû£ҲûС
һУõķ޷ܡ
ӵǿߵļ壬Ϊλǵǰأ
û˵ĺӵ˵Ѫ˽ӵѪˣҵˣ
ΰӸɰͰ͵˵ţǻָ˱䣬飬ϹϾվͬľżһ㡣
˵ĺˣ
һٻΰ֮ǰ˵Ļ
ǷҵǸδ֪ڣǣ˵صĺȴѾ˼ǧˡ
ǲ˵ΰѾ˼ǧꣿ
Բܣ
ѰҲܻһѣȻÿͻһ磬ܶһ꣬Ҳ˵ǶҲͻϰ˰ѡ
ΰӣȴѾǧ꣬ã
ģ
ô˭
ĺ˿ӿһĨ棬ƺܿ
ʮţ
ûʲôеӿΰӿ³
㲻ˣ
֮ͫ£ƿԳΪʮŵĿΰӣѾֹֻͣǣ֮ڣȴһӨ˸˸˿ţЩ˿֮ڣ̺һɰ˲䱬ֻǶᱻɡ
ԣƲŻʳֻ
ãʮţӦȥʱˣʱƾЩӨӨ˸˸Ŵš
ȻһϤĸо
ϣ
ûÿγֵʱƺҲֻǣ䴿кܴĲѣǣһ֡

ʮţ
ΰ˵˵ţľżȴ˵ѡ
ʮš
Ƶüͷһ
ʮţԾֻһŶѣҲ˵ǰ滹һʮš
ţһ
ܵӣȻʮࡣ
ңжֲȻӵܵūͣ
ģƵˡ
֣ԼԽԽԼˡ
ԭʮƽķңڱޱȵأɲ
Ϊηһ˴ܵ棿Ϊηһǣͬʮһūȫɱôǳ˭⺶ʳ֮˭ܣ
ÿһ޷
УΪԼħ޵֮󣬻Ī
һУҲ֪ǣǸʱԼ̫ˣԣ˵

ĺ˿֪Ҫ֪һУԼӵоԵʵС
ڣʮǰԼû˷֮ô֪ԵɣԼʲôأܸıʲôأ
ͽհˣ
ʲô
ƺ֪ѾĿΰӣΪλ
ľżܣ
ӲشԣҲֻԺʷˣңģƾ÷Щ˵ĺöָĿܾʮţ
ԺҾͽʮɡ
˳񣬷ƶʮ˵š
õˡ
ʮǺΪľګĻشţվڷһԣһڵģ
š
ģʵǿıڣûʲôģǣҲ鲻Խ¶һĨЦ⡣
ڴ˵ػǧ꣬ĵĳ̶ȸûɡ
ʮҪȥ棬㿪·
֮µĵ绡̫ŨˣƸ粽УҪվţǶҪұڲУԣû취ˣֻʮˡ

ӦһʮͫһϱɢһɰϢγһΧĵ绡ȫ롣
ʮ󣬷Ʊǳλ֮ȥ
ߵǾŵӰԣʮűõһԡ
ǰһ߻Ϊ壬Ѿòˣֻһʮֹ⻬ĳǧ꣬Ҳû˿ĺۼ
߹Ǻ˵ʲôζ
ǰλ棬Ҳ߳ƵȻҲնɱ׹ꡣ
ǰҲһǧҲһѣѰȣҲȥֻһЩ¶ѡ
Ϊ˶ô
ܲô
ôͷͻȻ˷ƵԺ֮ڡ
ʣҲܻϾŰֻ꣬д˵ܵ߸صʥˣܻǧֻ꣬ǣʥˣҲֻһ
ǣҪôܳ


393 ߱
꣬ʥҲһǧѣˣǰ죬ֻһ
ɱ̾
ҲֻܹǳʥԺ飬ڷڵ˵ǻкܳܳһ·Ҫߡ
ϣܺ˷һݣ
飬ƱǹȥĿͷ̧ͷǰĹĿ¶ˡ
Լҵ氡
ǰȻڴˣԼӣǸͲ֪ԼôһλĴڡ
ѵ֣֮
ʱ򣬷Ʋŷ֣ǰŴƺȥжһԵ׹塣
Ǽ֮֮ĹǼܣͷ­Ҳа֮ܵ˵Ǿ޼ģ
ͷ׹꣬侳ֻҲʾˡ
ԭͬھ
̾Ϣһ
Ĺ󳬼޵ĺûһǺǵġ
ף
תͷƱǿ˫ϥ֮ǰ֮£ڷһƤԥƤСĵչʼۿϵݡ
棬˷֮ˣΪΪ֮׹꣬˵أ׷ٶգټһŮӣһģʶɼңʮ꣬׹֣Уͬھӣ
ԽǿȥƾԽľ
仹һҵĴڣ
Ƶƽ
Ƥϼأ治Ƿҵһӵܶѣ׷ɱӻĹżӳޣڣɼң˺Ƿҡ
׹ʮ֮ͻƣһսȴͬھź
Ƥ֮ϣܿʱŨŨĺ뱯
ʮţǷƵĿ̣Ѫ徳磬Ƥ֮ȴûᡣ
λ֮ʣȴᵽľ뵽ڣԣʮţλӦû
ӦҲܵɣ
һûʲôеʮţƹš
ʮŵ£ֻһ˲䣬סԼӵ츳Լȭͷ֮£ͬ裬һȭҪԼǿѪֻѾȭͷ֮ˡ
侲ĮԵɱ֣
ʮûԼУһ߿̶ѣ֮Ҳǲ֪ܵеķȴǰ͡
Ƴ̵ܿļ壬ǻͨô
ƴδԼҾȻôͷ
ڽָλûƱǽλΪʷ糾δá
ʰϣƱվת׹ͷ­ϵǱΪĳ
Ӧ֮
ʮŵıӻ£˹ȥǰӨ˸ĳ΢΢𶯡
һֲһĸоƺֹļ򵥡
ţȥŽһΡ
û
һΡ
û
ô£
һ㶣ԷŵǼٽľʯҲӦñƷˣȴβʵЩ죬ǲ⡣

һ˳ӿܰɽӡ
𣡡
Ž͵
˿δ
ôܣ
۵ǧʯҲӦƷˣȴ˿δ
ҾͲˣ
ĺ˿һɹװ죬ԷƵ쳹˫ĿԲ͵Ĵһǣ
ʱ󡭡

ɫͨ죬ϺˮϵţҲǼٵţĿһֱڳ֮ϣڣһƬ벻˼顣
ʱ֮ڣַȴδܽ෴ģԼ۵ĹǺġ
ʮţԡ
һվһԿֵʮţƻһ䡣
ֻ˲ʹá߱񽣡
ʮŲûʲôſ³һɰͰ͵Ļ
ֻ˲ʹã
һ㶣Щ٣Щʵһ䣬ô
ܣ
ӲĻʮſ³õķΪ֮Ȼ
Ϊʲôò𰡣
գ۾ٴʵ
֪ʮŲ˵ѣô˵һеĵ
Ҫ˵ѪҺ
ʮͨһĨӨ⣬ǸɰͰ͵˵š
ѪҺ
һʮţƺЩʲôһָֻþƳѪĽ֮ϡ
롮޷桯һޣѪҺȥ뵽˽֮ڡ
ˣ
һΪ߱񽣡ĳ΢΢ζűһҫ۵ǿ⣬õķƲò۾
ৣ
߱񽣴գĽֱָƣԥıǳŴ˹


394 ͨ鱦
ҪȻֻܱĿ
ৣ
Ŀλ΢΢һƱǾƺЩʲôһǷ֣Ϊ߱񽣡ĳԼڵԪ֮ϣ΢΢Ļζ䣬һԪΪ֮ɣţ߱ͨӨʢٴαһƬͨ
ô£
Ԫʧõķƴһæó侧ʼڵġ
ɣڼ߱û˿Ҫͣµ˼
һʱ֮󣬷ܹ˼ʮ侧ڣ߱ͣɵľͷƺǳԱһ㡣

³һڳĨĨϵĺµĽе侧
߱ɵٶʵ̫ˣֱȡ侧ڵȻԲǵؼؼܾٶȿûô졣
Ÿղŵ£ƲЩ¡
Լͷԣǻ˸˰
ʲô
Ԫ֮ϵĳƲЩɻ
ΪƷġ޷桯Ҳûô찡βͲ˵ˣھȻֱܽԼڿһʲô
ৣ
һ߱񽣱ǳڷƵС
ѪѪ롮޷桯ĸоͬʱƸо߱񽣣һ֣һĹһ㡣

תƳ߱񽣳Žұһӣ̶ƿ쳹ɭ䣬߱ͬжһ㣬ֱ⾭ǧԴұ֮ڣûһ˿ͣ٣ֱӻһԲȡ
˻
Ƶһа࣬üһĳ̶ֻѾƷ޷桯˰ɣ
ˣ
ƺ˷Ƶ⣬߱΢΢һƺƱʾԼĲ

ܵгԼĿ飬ֱӾʹˣе߱񽣣Ҳز
̫ˣ
ѵͨ˲ɣȻĶԼб˼
ˣ
ƺܵƵľһ㣬߱ٴλζ
ȵȣ⣿
һ㶣оԼȻҲ߱˼
꣬Ҫ
ԼȻһҪ˼ңȻԼ
ĸоõķƸоЩ䣬֣ǽ߱˳ȥ
ৣ
ڵϣֱ߱Ӿû뵽˵棬ֻ⡣
ĳ̶ȣΪɲ
ˣ
һ߱ȻѸ֮ƣֱӳ뵽˷ڡ
ʲô
Ԫϵ߱񽣣лǾЩš
߱񽣣һ
վһԵʮŸ͡

һ㶣ʵʲô
֮ͨ
ɰͰ͵Ļʮſ³ɫȴûʲô仯
֮ͨ
һ𣬲뵽ţ߱񽣾ȻԼ˼ԼҲ
ⲻͨô
Ȼͨ飿
ƻЩţⷶΧУƷѾļˣڣʮſȴðһͨı
㶮Ļࡣ
һĮʮţĵ˵š
ԼȻûһ߿̶Ķࡣ
ʮûлػֻվһõķЩڨڨ
ⲻǿľͷô
ˣǣһ߿̣ľͷ΢ҪЩ
Ǹóȥˡ
˿Ʋû׹ĿǼס
ף֮ԴھΪ׹Ǽڵľ˰ɣˣҲûˣҲͲˡ
ҲûʲôãˣȻ֪ⲻɢľ˻ֶܼã˵ӦûּܼǧɣǸʱǲҲӦ㺶ˡ
ৣ
ʮŵĴ£һգ۵ʱ䣬Ǵ֮
ӣ˿
ĵ绡̫ѹˣ棬ͷѹһʯһء
߰ɡ
Ȼ֪Լ˶ãƸоҲѾ˼ʱ˰ɣ
ңЩǣһ᲻ġ
ߣǾͱҲˡ
ŵʮţƵһĨĻȡ
ʮڣ̤ƽҲʲô̫⡣
Ӧʾʾˡ
ڣǲģϲ鷳ԣһ㶼ǽ鷳ɱҡ֮Уõİ취ǾԴͷɱң
ţƸЩڴˣҸþ͸ֵĽڡ
߳ţŹϣٽϣһУųȥ
ˣ
Ĵ߳꣬ľ𶯡
찡찡Ȼ֮д˰ʱ䣡
š
ĪɫƱ֪Լ϶˺ܾˣͬʱҲЩɡ
٣û¡


395 
ǡ
ʮţľһֻһۣȻһɲɵĴ
̫ˣ
һѡ
һͬľͷһʮţ΢΢䡣
Σջʮˡ
ѣ
ľһĨɻ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ƽȥʱûΰɲӵĴڣˣȴֶһ¡
ѵеˣ
ֻһ룬ľоһܿͷ롣
֮ڣһ֮ˣڴ
ǺǣϷıǣʮѡ
߹˹֣Ʋǳȥ
ôʱҹ䣬ȻҪ߳ȥҪѺܳʱˡ
ֻ£ʱѾûвʶԼ˰ɣ
ԴˣΨпЦ

ȭ
һصңһǣһ˱ϢӰǳŷֱϮ磬ּ䣬顣
ৣ
Ƹ붯֣ԲӰһʮűǼ˳ȥһֱ֣ס˵Ĳ˳ƽ֮˦ڵأһֱֻһȭ˵ؿ֮ϣƱѵĴ졣
ʲôˣ
糾ȫǴӴӿ˳УħźҲֳ֦ʮΧĵذѿһٴӵ˳סʮŵ˫š
ߣ
ֻһߣپ飬ŷͬҲƷ˳ȥˤԶ˼Ѫ
Ǻòҡ
ʮס֣Լˣ
ǷӦһбѾæֻͣǣħеĺȴѾʮڡ
Լˣ
Ƶ˲ǿվſڣʱһ䣬ڡħҪջ֮ʱ
ֻʮſͣһΧЩͬˮһΪ֮
ôܣ
ֹǷ糾ǣ롮ħҲΪ֮Ŀɿڴ
꣬ѾľȻˣ
ǳ˳飬𶯡
Ȼǹﰡֹʵǿᣬƺ
Ȼ嶾ԣһܷ֮ɣֱƶʦǡ
Ǹңǿһʲôĵز
ƳĿ̶Ѿ˵ǿᣬ룬֮˸ǿһʲôĵز
֮ʮɨһ۷糾ˣǻص˷ԣվ䵱
ǵĮһеõзħüͷҲ
ȻһԼԵˣ

һ΢ӳصһߴ˹˱һͷɢؿݣѪˣǽ֮£Ҳûˡ
ǵޱȵӰǳ鴤
ˣǳϡ
ڷƵ£ܿͻˣֻǣһķԵʮţԵһԡ
̫ˡ
ϴδ˵ľ¹һˡ
˲ݻԼеķֺ飬аɧţԼܵʱ˵ȭͷ֮ˡ
ʮҵѡ
ڣʽ˽ܡ
ȻɲǺǣǿΪѣǾǺ¡
˵ʻʮŷδţһֱվڷԣһǾɨˡ
ľٶõг鶯
ɵ㣬Ƕҵѡ
ķƵĻʮٴɨһˣƺȷЩ˶ԷƹвǱ˫ĮһеӣվŲʡ
ȿȡ
ڨڨĸɿ͵⣬ʮЩ䣬ʵ˻ͦõġ
Ľͣȥһ롣
䣬ǶԵģͦãӺ˵𰡣ֻ£ҲֻǶһ˺ðɡ
׼һӣȴǲվڷƵԣͬһ㡣
ľٶõ˺ǲ⡣
һӵܵˣΪλԸһھأ
ԽԽˡ
㣬켸˶˼
ܹǺ¡
ʮڣƽʱĳϣҲԵЩΨΨŵŵʮĿ⣬ǴһĨ塣
ˣ
ҿˡ
˭֪˻᲻ͻȻְԼǱӿɾȭ
˺ܿɢȥֻ·糾
ףҸĵطɡ
վɫЩء

һ۷ƣ糾Ҳվźȥ
һ·ŷ糾һ԰糾͵һĴڼɽϵһʯϣɽڱһлƿһڵͨǰ
ʮҲ˽糾üͷźۼ塣
׷ģʮŵĹˡ
ķ糾ĵǣǽ͵
Ŷ
糾ûʣֳһöħͨ˽ȥɽȻϡ


396 ҵͷ
ڵڣ˸ӨӨ֮⣬糾ƶʮһĮվڷԣҡ

ĺ˿ƿ糾ףǷûʲôѵ
ѵ
糾΢΢һĿƣѿڶô֪
Ȼ
һ٣һĨӣףҼҵλˡ
ʲô
ԣ糾վھһƬ𺳣ģ
һԵʮţѵ
ʮԵ
𺳵Ŀ£΢ĵ˵ͷ
ʮĴڣţҵѵϾйء
ʮʮ˵ôЩء
һĮûһ˿ڵʮţ糾ҲЩ
ѵΪ棬Ϊ죬ܵ߸ɽӣݵأܣͬoΪնɱĪޣһȥ
ʱ׵ĸҲôΪġ
񣬷ҲӵСɽǨǣΪһб㻨ǧʱ䡣
ѵݵķ棬Ϊֻǿ̸ѣǰˣôǰأ
ңҪǣҵӵܵ츳һҲԶԣû·ˡ
ڣرǣָǰΪʮӣΪĻѵϵļٴӿԺ֮ڡ
ʮ
ȷѵôˣĮһУѵϼأʮҲ˲ãѵأɱһУʱСɽƵİɽֻһУǾɱ
ĺ
ǰΪʮģǡǺѵϼô
ǣأ
糾ѹеļ΢΢Щʵ
桭
ҲЩ̾һΪնɱ׹꣬Ѿˡ
վߵһǣóһ񲼵ڵ棬СĽĹӽָ˳ڷڳ֮ϡ
ѵǡ
糾΢΢Ĳţ߹֪ΪΣбӿһĨ֮顣
档
ٴοͷ֮󣬷ƲվµԽ˷糾
֮󣬷糾ӯźǰȥбТ糾ݼ棡
󣬷ǽľһһʮ˵糾֪
֮׹꣬ͬھ
ţ糾о𺳲ѡ
ѵ϶Էͬ˿ûпţԷƵƲ⣬ʱķ澳ӦҲʼ֮ˣo
Ҫ֪ʳǿߣҲѣ
һʣΪһôĬĬȥû֪˵Ĵڡ
̾
ң½ϻһҵĴڣ
糾Щã
ѵ֮ϣҲᵽҪȥһΪ۳ǵĵطڣֻǣ۳ǣ޴ӵ֪伮Ҳûҵ۳ǵ䣬Ҳֻ֮ܲ
Ȼᡣ
˵һ䣬糾мӣסһǣһתһʯű򿪣糾˽ȥûþ˳һЩƵľһľƵСӡ
ѵ
糾ڷϡ
۳ǣڣ
΢΢һ㶣üͷ֮ڣӿֳһĨ޷𺳡
۳ǣ
ʥɽĲڡ
ǸΪľĻĹʱڵǿߣּ棬ͳֹ۳ǵĳƺ
ǵ۾֮ǣ
ǻĹʱϵ
Ƶ۳ߣ£
Ҳ˵۳֮֮
棬ȻԵ۳ǣ
ʮĴڣƾ֪ҿ϶кܴͷû뵽ҾȻ˴ͷ
۳ǰ
ӻĹʱھʹڵĵ۳ǣ
Ƶ۳£ԲһջǾʵ
ô֪۳ǣ
ķƵ糾ɻʵ

ǵĻصš
ҲֻּϿѣ֪仹ľе۳ǵĴڣңڣӦҲûлĹʱǰĻԻ˰ɣ
ѵǸľƵСӣ֮Ϳˣһö״ڡ
֣ĴõķһоԼ΢΢Щڴö֮˲䰲ȥ
ö壬¸ڵ
糾ţ˵꣬һصĿŷƣƶ
ס
ӽ쿪ʼƹܣлᣬźڣΪ
糾һ࣬ص˵š
ô
е壬һãȴǴӦǣ
ķƴӦ糾Ҳͷ
УԼܵģҲתҲ˵


397 ɱҹ
ҹڷߣһɱ˵ҹ
ʮӰԶӶһߵأԶĳУǻں֮£Ϣģͬȡ
ҵƻ𣬻Ϩ֮Уֻɢɢյƹ˸š
ҹɫ
ж
Ϊ׵һƺһͷԾ𣬳źڰ֮µĳȥ
ż΢ƿʮӰȫȥ
ͬʱڷƴһԵʮ۾һƬͨĮ
ô
쵽ʮŵ춯Ʊ˹۾ʮһаȵĻȣңͲסô
ৣ
𣬷Ƴ⣬ʮŽԡ
Ȼˣɣزأûʲô˼
ӷ³ĺԶж
Ƿү
ڷƵڵ˻ǺϤġ
ѵǸʲôҹϮô
һӰׯ԰ȥݶֱͬһ
Ƿң
ˣ
Ѿĺ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣׷
ʮˣʮ۷壬һ濴ңߣ
ͫһɨȥƱǽʮ˵ΪʱɫһƬ䣬ɷ
ܹңСħؼʦڳҲֲֻ˫ȭֻǳ顣
ԣǴҪҵ⡣
ҪԼˣƿɲ
ڼǰȻû
һһĮʮţƵǳһĨĻȡ
Ǿȫɣ
һŶڵϣվʮ˵Ķ棬â
ʱ򣬷糾ҲȫǴӷ˳ʮɲˣǶһǡ
ٺ٣кϷˡ
ֻгûûεļһţһЦ
ȷϷˡ
Ϊ˶ǿڷԵǵӰ
ǼֱǸ
Ƿƣ
Ϊ׵ĺ˴ʵ㣬ӦǸˡ
ҵ߹
ûлش𣬷ʵ
ߣ
Ϊ׵ĺˣһ䣬һһ֣ɱǸСӣ
Ϊ˳ȥƣҲǹ˲ôˣƴĻʳ𷣣ҲҪжε
һھˣ
ųԼɱʮˣµ
ৣ
£ԵʮƱǻһӰ˳ȥ

ǰһһǿߣľګļһȻԼȻŭֱ̧ĳһƣʱ׹ͬرѣһɫĹʮֱɶȥ
֪
ǻûһ˿ƵʮţмĺţڵııתΪ𺳡
ৣ
ʮֻֻһŪѵĹǱΪޣâ㣬ǿա
ͣ
һ죬һͷ­׵ϸߣͷʬѪȥ
ţ֮ˣǿһĻ
ɱ
ֱǵɱ
ʮÿһεĳ֣Ƕһ䣬Ǽ𾳽ĺҲ⣬Ƿ쵹ϫʮ±ĸһǾһĵǶΪˡ
̫ǿˣȫһʮ£Ǹû˿ķ
˭
ǲɻʵ
û֪ʮ˭ϴεĴսҲûвʱֶȴǼΪˡ
ֱҪǸ߸ϵڣǶ߹һ
Į飬ͬʹߣʹɱˡ
Լˡ
ʮŵֶ֮޲һĨҡ
Ϊ׵ĺҲסˣþûز
ףΰӾǴðģľǿߣһҲû˿
ǰһȴôš
ͣ
һͷ­׵ϸߣ֮ڣһƬ벻˼飬ȥ
ӣ
һҪӵ뷨ң֮ж
ৣ
һ΢ƿǼһĮԼǰ
˭ΪʲôҪԣ
Ż۽ʮţ˻ţھѪ˿ҵţҪĮӡ
ֻǣעҪʧˣҵţʮû˿ı仯
ȥ
˻гһĳҵĻâӿ֣ҲյһƬͨͬһ㡣

ʮֻֻһ̸ǸõصĻ𺣱Ϊ֮飬ڡ
ৣ
һʮűǳǰһֻѸ֮סĲӣһֻȭ͵ϡ
ҹգ쳹


398 Ѫɱ
ֻһȭһĺˣǳ׵ʧȥ˷ͬһ㱻ʮקŲţ˷ԡ
ˣʮ촦һʧȥ˷ģҲԶˡ
㳡棬糾˲Ƿ
εǳĳɹ
Χһ˫˫˼ӣ糾һаȵĻȡ
ְ꣡
֪ʮ죬ϻ̲ס࣬ڣһƬ塣
Ūڹ֮䣬ࣿ
ֻ£Ūûһ
ֲֹѹļ䣬ѹȫ֮ڣб֮˵ļ䡣
Ѿǿˣ
ʱֵһĻǾͿֲˡ
ģǷƵһ㡣
Ļ
в
꣬Ҫ
ֱҪ찡
Ļһʲôĸ
޴
ʳһĴڣȻ˽˻
ôģ
ԭΪѾ˽Ƶˣһ̣Ƿ֣ʵԼֻǽҿһСɴѣĲһСѡ
磬ôģ
û֪
֮ϣԣƮĿ֮ڣ⣬ɨܣһĨĮЦ⡣
һ۱ʮקͬһĺˣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ҷߣ֮
䣬ûиĻ³ȫ֮ڣΪ֮һ
꣬һˣ
ңҷƲ
ɱĺԶ쳹ȫǣ˽һ
Ҫʳʮ֮һսô
ŸղǸ˵Ļ˱˹
ΣǱű֮Ķֻײǹ˶ѣ˶ûϵ껹һ͵ĵơ
Ҳεٵ㣬ŵƻ¶ɣ
ৣ
һ죬޷桯УƻĲǸǰǳһĨѪЦô
Ҽ治Źģ
Ӳǰ˫ڣƺѾҵδ

ǿߣҲҴ棡
ЩûˣɷǣԼȴɵⲻǸһַҵĽô
ҲŹ
˵ţС޷桯䣬ͷأĿͷٴɨһΧ
ʮͷȥطһô
׼õҵͼóͬͷݸʮţƾôš
Ҫ
Ҫ˲Ƿң
ʮû˵ɨһ۵ͼͷ˲ʧʾͷһҲûϢġ
Ȼ
˵ĻǾʽõ˶ǽܲˡ
״ʲôܣȻϵǿߣҲԸΪ֮ʹ
ûó⵽ʲôԭ
һ
õЩĵзҲʧںڰĽڣҲûг֮ڡ
ߣ
ƵЩʧӰһ䣬
ף
һķ糾ϵı価ȥһ顣
ãð
糾Ѿ޷ԼˣڣһĨỨ
ţ֮ҲûǷˣܹķչ׳ˡ
ҲǼ쳣Խǿϣġ
ĻˣҲǷ
ǿǿѾһ塣
ôҲ벻ƾȻôһϲ
ǿ߰
һȻǿǻʲôأ
ˣ
ĵǸڻʳ֮ڸǻĺ䶯
Σռ
֮ڣһƬþδɢ


ΧԼתĳϣûĺǳһ䡣
СĲǹ
һɵɨŷƣƺ뽫֮һ㣬õķֱۡ
ôڻҰʶһ꣬ͨ꣬Ҳ꣬һҵʱ䣬Ϸ֣ԼԽǽӴԽǲ˽ˡ
ҾãӦȥʮȽϺá
ųǿȥӣھЦ⡣
ܲʮô
Ŭŭ죬һ
ǴεľлЩ¡
˫ӣ̫ˣ˿ɣƲͣĻԼһС
죬һըԵϢںʳڴ
ұˣ
ȫҼǧ˿ȫɱҶͬһ
촦
û˿Ĵˣͷ­һ£иĺ롣
𺳵ǣֳûʲôĺۼЩƺҲǱһ
׵ģԶô£׵ģ𺳵ޱ
Ǹô
һֻܷֻǣȥݷ᰷ҵȴԽԽˡ


399 Ȼ
ʮ󣬷Ʊ֪Ѿˡ
Դˣûие˿⡣
ֻҪûǾͱ
ңڷ˵ֻһСѣ켶ҩʦͷֻҪǸһұػᱻ̤ƽء
ֻǣ֮鷳ˡ
켶ҩʦڴ½ǿǺֵģ˵ãЩҲ㡣
ƿأǷϣġ
ԣûӵһʵ֮ǰᱩ¶ݣʵǱƲѡ
ڣʮĴڣһбӭж⡣
ҪȣǾͱǿΪ䣬ֻȭͷ󣬱˲Ż㡣
ûʥɽˡ
ʣƺŮԼЦǣ鲻Խ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ӧõȼ˰ɣ
ŮƵҲǺ࣬˲ҹ䣬´ǳŷ糾ķȥ
ڶ죬ʲǳĵӰӷ縮ӳŻʳжȥ
ʮƸǣӷ糾ָʾ
ʮ򣬷Ʋķ
ţʮڣʳ֮ڣҲûκвĵҡ

鷿ڣۣʱüʱüЦ
һʳعﲩӵ˿ڣʽ鶼ᷢ

һҴҵ߽鷿ڣƺЩ١
ʲôôţ
ԼǱȽ˽⣬ǳʲô£ʧ̬ڵļңҲһ䡣
ˣ
ұˣ
˵䣬ҲһĪɫ
ΪߵˣȻҵжΪʳʮ֮һ֮ڣ˵Ҳмʮ𾳽ǿߣڣǧ㡣
ôһȻڰ죬̵ܶʱڣͱɱţںʳʷϣû¼
ʲô
Ѿó˴µ׼ǴһڣӿֳһĨ˼ɫ׷ʵʲôʱ£
֪ΪΣͻȻ뵽ƵĳͻãӦʲôŶԡ
磡
ǵ˵š
죿
ǲգһ
𣬴ҸʶǶҪʮʱȴ˵緢ңš
ôô죿
ĵһоǾǲܡ
˭ģ
â˸ʳʮҲǻʳʮ֮СС֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ϾҪչǾͱоҲûʲô˵ġ
ʮ֮䣬ҪţǾԲܵģԣҪôǼϵжŻ˶ݵʱڽš
Ĵٸɸ꣬ڻʳǲģ˭ƻʳϣ
һӡ
˵ţϵɫҲЩŹ֣ԼĵԼ㱨Ҳ޷ʵ
ңʮ֮һңһڶݵһʱ֮ڣˣ
ʲôһˣ
۾ɵԲֱ֮⡣
ǵĻѾ෽ʵˣһ˸ɵġ
ĪĿ£Щѵĵ˵ͷ𣬼¶Ǹӵݡ
ֻ֣Į
ߵոְκˣû취»ҼѾľŨ£Ҳһ
ǵģľĳǿߣǸĮһеû˿ķͬ߹־Ͷȥ
ĺԩҲ֪ӵΪζ
˭
Ҳһ֮ɫһʵ
֪
ҡҡͷ͵ڻʳϣû˵Ĵڡ
ѵƾðĲɣ
Ŀǳ
ǾвʳĴڣĶԻʳе⣬ôֻҪʱܽʳʮȫ߽⡣
Ǿǿߣ
ھԵ֮£ٶ࣬Ҳûʲôã
棬֪ôش
᰼
ʱ鷿⴫һͨ
ٽ
֣ǰȻȻľԳ֡
ᰣо͵ͬƣ
ӷ糾ͣһ㲣Ȼһ·ϣЪϢ
ûڣֱӽе˹ԽԽľ
Ȼ
еӣ¶һĨŨŨ𺳡
ʮˣʮ۷壬һһҹϮ縮֮ڣնɱ˱ҵ֮󣬷ҷƣֱңһ
飬Ǹϻصס
ˣպ󣬺ûң

֮ڱһĨâ
ܹӵǾ͸֤ʵеǸ롣
Ǹ꣬Ǹ켶ҩʦ

ʹ֮ڴһЦû֪ЦЩʲôǸҲһɻ
֮ģȻס


400 ͻϮɱ
ʥɽڡ
Դӷ뿪ѾʱˣԺŮһֱƲ֣һķ֮ϣԷƵ˼
뿪Щӣֳˣͯڣ̫е䳰ȷȴҲǶ
ȥˣȥ޻ˣԣԴ޹˼ɣһŵۻѵͯ壬ţҪôռŮˡ
ٺ٣ͯ壬Ȱ㻹ʶ㣬ȻҸˣʱÿģ
ʮ˵Ĵӵ£һߵĺЦһ˫۾ȴڲԶŮɨɨȥ
ߣܻ˵ɣ
ͯһۣһĨϧ
̫ɱˣ츳ȻĿ⣬խ
֪Լǵһؼ۷ҩʦӦþЦ˰ɣ
ңͬȥĻһλؼ۷Ķʦ
˵գתŮȥ
͵ɡ
ĨĨͷϵ㺹
š
Ҳƣ룬ŮһЦ̨
ȥһȥɣٺ١
һŮǰһ˫۾ţе࣬ڸǡ

ͯ˹ƱŷʱһŰͨ졣
ͯʵûɣΧ壬ҲĶ֡
ߣ
ƲһԹ޵գͯ岻Ϊ⡣
š
ӶһۣŮǣֱǳԺӷȥ
ͯ壬㲻кýģҸСӻĩգ
˴̼Ī˻ţڷѪ˿
ʲô
ȫĿ⣬Ϊ仰ϡ
۾Ȼȥɱˣ
⻰ǼǴüͷҲ΢΢塣
ƿΧѵӣɱǾʥɽʧ
ֻǣʥɽ֮⣬ȷûй涨ܻɱ
ʲôȥɱƸˣ
ŮҲΪ仰Ĳ԰ס
۵ʵǿǼˣȻҲΪȴԲһ۷Ķ֡
ţǵˣһƬҡ
ٺ٣
Χһ˫˫㵵Ŀ⣬ձǵˣһ߰Ů˹ˣԡ
˵˭ˣ
һ΢Զ˹ȥ˱Ǽһ꣬һζЦ⣬˹ԣվŰ㣬ˡ
ڡħѾԺˡ
Ƹ磡
Ůһˮ˸⣬ֱӱ˽˷ƵĻУҪԼ˼ȫй
ɵϣⲻǻô
˫ۺŮȰοţ΢׵˫õЩۡ
ķƼ˻ͯ˿
ı۵óˣʥɽԺӾѹˡ
۾ȻҲûɱô
ѵֻ˵˵
˱ɻ
ǿĶɱģô⼸˾Ի¡
۵ʵӹɣްҲǰʮ
˻ɣȴɵˡ
ȥʲôˣڣƻţǲǴ
ţɫҡ
ٺ٣
ҲһϷʵĿɫתڵգкЦ
Сӿܻ֪ļѾ˰ɣ
Ҫ
ǰ
ΣǺֵʮֻҲڽˣԣҵԹҲֻͦǣȴйȥ
㣡
ͫչһƬ£ڳϵı£סĺˣֱЩ˹ͣסŲһĳϣӿһɲõԤУ˻ҸأǰҸôˣ
ٺ٣˵أ
һЦ⡣
Ļõһ
ʲô˼
ѵ˵ȥϮɱƣɱ˲ɣ
˵ĿⶼǿǸֻ꣬һƽЦ⣬ֻǣǵĨЦ⣬֪ΪΣ˽Ǿһ䡣
ߣ
һһ͵գɱһ΢΢䣬ӵŮǳԺӷȥ
ͻأģһΣõëȻһʱǽŮ˳ȥ
̣
һصĺâֱֱڷƵͷһĨĪӨԣ˱Ǳ뵽ص֮ڡ
һ죬زһԲεľ޿ӳ֣Ʋټ
ͻϮɱû˷ӦǼǴҲһһǳԣ˸˸񷡣
һڰգɷ׹¶
Ȼղˣ
Ƹ磡
ŮһҰףһеıӡ
һз̫죬õ˸ûӦֻһϵߣ˶Ǿһ
̫ǿˣ


401 ³Գ
û֪˭û֪Ҫֵԭʲô
̫үү
ʱȴǾгһϲɫ
ĺжһ
ɲߣȻҵ̫棬Ҳ˵Ҳ˼Ϲ
Ϲˣ⼸˲ˡ
ϼҲɫҰס
̫̫ǿˣԼȲڵܿġ
볤ϣʲô
ǼǴĳϳˣĿֱֱ̫롣
ɱ˶ѣ
ɷĿ³ƺǼǴ߷
ʥɽ
ɫס
ͬʱһ֮ǰ飬ѵˣ
һһ۷ţȻһУ
;úܲ˼顣
ˣﻹһ©ģ
ϼзࡣ
£ԭӦ뵽ģʥɽû˵ĻǾԲܳΪʮ֮һĴ塣
ǣѾˣʮ᰷ңѾˡ
գѵҪҲɣ
۽һɷڳ壬ޱߵѹõĳϢĴ׷׾ֵĿ
üһôΪֻ»ڵǼǴճ֮ϡ
㣡
Ϊ֮ᣬǳ룬ʥɽˣ֪ô
ƥ򣬱÷ѹң㲻ÿҾͽһͬɱ
˿飬һһ£ӣͬ˳һţ˶ѵıźˡ
ߣҵҪôɱң
ɫһ䣬Ҳڳ˳ͬеʯΧǽӽ翪ȥ
ֻǣ϶ԣȷǵһ
ã
ϵҲΪǡħˣҲ޼ãϾԾľ̶ȵĳǿߣħĶӰ첢Ǻܴ
ɶʮھͺˣ
ǿӣв
ľУлŵĿô
һҪ˵ô
ģ
벻һеĳȥֻǣ֮£ȴ֣Լ粽С
ľѾ۷֮ܵģ
ҲĿɿڴ룬͵뵽ѵˣ
ţһɱݴĵӿ
̫үүǼҲǰףһҪɱǣ
ָųϼˣдĺţڣǱ塣
ҪЩһҪ
һ뵽ͳ׵ķˣ
ˣ
ע⵽Լˣһ
ˡ
֪ϼһ϶Ѿˣͣ֡
ͳͳȥ
Ȼһյĺٴηˣâӿ񷶼ڸһһĵ˳纣Хһ㡣
¡¡
ӿĳϫѾˣҪɱĲһˣҪǰȫɱ⡣
϶˲ɣ
嫺ƣõĳ޷⣬Ƶĵ
⣬Ϊ˲һУˣҲӦð
Ҫ֪ڵˣԸѵҪΪвɣ
õ˻æֻǣ֮𣬸û˿ãǱĿ֮ʣһ̶

ͬػƣϵֱӱ룬۵ٴ
˱һ񷡣
̣
һֻ֣䣬ǱķѪˤµ棬ϹҲþ
ֻһγ֣Ǳûз֮
³Գϣ
ɫһϲ
³ԣ
϶
һ
Ϊʲô
Թޣɷڳ壬ǣ³ڳȴǲ
ô£
ĳϵĴ󶴣³üͷ壬쳹ġ
ΪΧ壬ԣ³ԻǻᾭĹעߵĶ̬һ춯Ǹ˹
볤ϮɱΧӵܡ
˵
ϮɱΧӵܣ
ĿϣõΪ֮һ
۷壬ҲԶԶ³ԵĶ֡
ãƣ
ϼŷӦ˹׷׳ŵǸȥ
ƻδ֪
ƣ
֣ǼЩӰ³һ𣬡ѵ
ӿһɲɨȫҲûַŮټ

һɺ嫵ϢڳضΪ֮ŭĿԲɣǳ룬㾹ȻҶΧӵ֣
ʲô
³뻹ûӦǸоһɰѹţʱؿȫȥһѪٴ˳


402 
Ѫ룬Ŀɿڴ룬Ҳû׹
³̫ϳΪλ˵ŭ
û֪ΪΡ
룬һ㣬츳ܱȵһλϣ
Ʋܵġ
ļһ
ǿںڲ׵ӣ³ŭһƴȥ˳ȥѪϵĹǶ˲֪ٸſͬһ㣬ǰݵģγһ޴ķ
̫ˣ
̫үү
ռ˹ȥŲϿѪ룬ھǻҡ
գ
һУ³Գһ
ڣ
̫ϳϣղ˿Ĳ
ѹãִ֪ͨӣӵܿһҲܷŹô
³´һϵĿ
ⲻҪҸϾɱô
ˣ
Ȼ׾ô£Ӧһǳȥһƽ뷴մ裬˱ǳ
ִӱжʥɽڿʼж

֮ڣвϵѪһƬ¡
Σӵķ츳ôһ£ֻ¾ô׵ԩˣ
Ҳܴء
һ˫򣬼ȫѾʣҲ˺ü飬Ϊ˵סͷһֻ֣Ƿˡ
ңϵļ󲿷ֶѣѪһѪˡ
Ƹ磡
ݵĽŮ
𣡡
Ҫ˹Ůæֹ΢һϵļ⣬ʹһ鴤
Ƹ磬ôˣ
ͣˮڣǻңһԣҲòȥ
콵
û£ˣ
Ů޵ϡﻩģƼʹۣȰοˡ
ǰңŮôֹס
˭Ҫɱң
źܲ񷣬ǲϵŭ˼ת뵽ң
ˣһʥɽ
һɫΪѿ˼֡
Ҳûˣֻ³ԸϽȻ롣
ԼţǸϹ϶᲻һҪɱԼģ
ţҲżӿתũҩ֮ϵҩҩȫ⣬ڻĻָš
ũҩҩԣûɣȻҩֻǵؼף޸ٶȣȴܴﵽؼ۷ĳ̶ȣԣܿģѪ㱻ֹסҲϣ˵ļҲϡ
ҪϽӳȥ
⿿³ԣƻЩģţǿʼվһһ
̫ˣ
ǲеˣ
Ƹ磬Ϊʲôʥɽǲɱ˵ô
һ߲ŷƣһʵ
ҵˣӳȥ˵
ʱѾûжʱˣһϵƣĺ˿һԪ֮ϵġ߱񽣡С
ߣ
ƻӶųұͬһ䣬ŮٵĳⱼܣС߱񽣡֣ǰʲô谭
ܿ죬˱ʧڿڡ
ȶϵ¿ڣǼһ̲ѪһЩм
Ӧӳȥˣ
Ǳڸǵұڣжϡ
û¡
ߣǾʹû£ˣ³ԲǷɫһ࣬ʵ⾿ô£ΪλϮɱʦ
ʦ
ϼһ
ʦĳƺӱ˿ðû£ΪƱǵؼҩʦǣǿ߿ðͲһˡ
ܱΪʦģǾвͬѰڣ
ϣġ
˳񣬳ϱǽľȫһֲ©˵˳
յĽҵĶֱҵֻڶ̶̵һʱ֮ڣʳʮ֮һң
ˣ³ȻţǣǷƣ
Ļ
ʮĴڣ³Ի̲סĲ
֪ˣպҵ£һģ
³Ե˵ͷ΢Żһ䣬ȴǺΪϡ
ңһҪնݳȻŭҩʦǻʳҲܲŭ
лϣ
ϵ΢ϲæл
֪Ƿ˾Եã³֮ƺˣΪ˫˫ѡʥɽС

ʥɽƻЩڣֱӳȥ
һ·ϣҲǽһи֪Ů֪羹ȻѾ˷츲صı仯ŮҲ𾪡
ãһжѾȥˡ

Ļָ˵ŮлΪء
һУΪԼľ̫ˡ
˻׹ľǣѾﵽһǳǿĵزˣΨһҪģ䡣
侧̫ˡ
쾧
㹻쾧ֱӽ۷壡


403 
ǿҪģһǿݡ
ʲǿᣬӵǿҲֻһ·ߣǾǱ壡
ڵ䡣
Ϊ̫ܲĴڣûܾѹƣôͱɳ˸ˡ
ǣ˻׹ľ֮󣬺ԵģƵǵõ˴󻡶ȵƲ֪ĺô
Եģӵ츳ܹʩչۣȻķ츳ڳڻ֪ܵ
ڣҪʵ֮ڿسԪ
⣬Ļ۶ѡ
ԣƲ뵽쾧
㹻쾧ôֱӽ۷壬Ӷ𾳽磡
ֻҪﵽ𾳽磬ǣǻʲôµģ
ǣ쾧Ҳôõõġ
֮أҲôҵģңҲһ쾧Ĵڡ
ʦ
ԷƵĽȻǱ³׷ˡ
³ϣ
³ԣƱǲŷ
֪ӦýĲˡ
ôʦܾˣ
ŻѪ߰ߵķƣ³ԻЩľͬʱ𾪡
룬ǿľ۷Ĵڣɱ֣Ƕȫ꣬Ȼܻţⲻ˵ʲôô
ңҪǣ˵ķڣǻסһλ
һλɱҵ
̫꣬ˣʱ³Ծɣһڵļӵô
ң
Ҳȷδš
á
İڶֽţѾָ״̬΢һЦ
ҵˣѾȫˣʦġ
³ٴν͵
³Ϸˣ
䣬³ԣ֪ˡ
ˣŮǷ
ʦһȥɣ
ķƲûŭ³Ҳ˿㷢롣
ûƢҩʦǾϡж

ԥˡ
ȻʥɽУǱҪϼٶȣǣԱȲ쾧
ġ
³üͷЦһ͵³ϣҸ˱Ƚ⣬ʥɽȷǸеĺõطǣȴʺҡ
ʺϣ
Ů³ԶǲĿ
û
Ƶ˵ͷĿڣâ˸Ҫ쾧³Ϣô
쾧ô
³üͷ΢ʵ
⣬ֻҪ쾧С
㣿
³һ㶣㵵Ŀ
ǳĳ
ѵ
뵽ĳֿܣ͵ĺݺһ
ұȽ⡣
㵵Ŀ£΢Цŵ˵ͷ
㣬ҲûбҪˣң³ԲҴҩʦ㣬ƾͺ
˻
³Եһ
ʶ㣬ʱҲѹֲסе𶯡
Ҫˣ
Ե쾧
ʲô
ֱδţ
ңҲδ˭ͬʱӵԵġ
Ѿӵˣһںϣ
뵽㣬³Բ΢Ȼ
ŮҲЩ𶯣ǣģǽ
⣬ԼĿеɾ
Ůţһվڴ½۷ģ
Ϊκˣ
ˡ
³Գĺ˿ֻǣڻһĨ£֣óһݸƣЩطǿ쾧ĵȥԡ
л³ϣ
ƴϲæ˹
Ƹ磡
ŮһֱվһԣȻҲ˷Ƶ⡣
Ҫ뿪ˡ
ϣģǣֲԸϷƵĺȣԣһʱҲǸӡ
Ǻǡ
Ůӵ뻳УƽıסŮǻӣͷҲЩȣҲ΢١
ŷƵ춯Ů֮ϣӿֳһĨ˵糺죬һʱ䣬ޱȡ
ⳡ棬³ӳ˳תȥȨû

´˿ѹе궯Ůע⣬ŵ֪ģʵҲ뿪ǣǣûʵǸǡ
ε飬ƾЩ¡
ǳճ£ôӶˣ
ʱ䣬֮һȢǣ
˵䣬ڳ塣
꣬Ҫ
Ȣ㣡
ĸ֣õŮˣǣǻϲ
⼸֣˺ܾˡ
ôԸô
ŮǽߵģǣЦӯӯȴЩʧĿ˵š
ǵģ
Ů̧ͷ˫ЩϷɫӣ˱ȭؿںݺ˴˼¡
´ǵʱ̡
𣬲ۣʹģۣȴ۵ġ
ôҪΪȢô
Ů᲻÷֣ЩϷʵ˵š
ŮǧϣֻǣҲ֪ʱδ


404 
תȥ֮ŮڶЩȻ
Ҫ꣡
ҧ촽ŬĲԼ¶˸Уǲ÷ΪԼǣԣҪֵļǿ

΢˿ҲЩ˸С
Ů˵ˣǣΪ֮ȶô
䣬һֱв
ƿ䣬ľͲ̤ʵ
³ϣһоͰˣ
صĳ³Թ˹֡
ʦģֻҪ³ڣԲһë
³ֱӱ֤
ˣ³Էˡ
ı֤ƻʲôĵأ
ת֮ʣʵ³ϣλ
һ֣³͵һǳ鶯ɫޱ䡣
ʦ𣿡
³ԵĿЩ̫Ȼʵ
³֪λ䣿
ԭһʣ³˵ɫ۾һ׷ʵ

³üͷ壬ƺʲô֮
ô
һ䣬üͷһ˵³ϣʵķǳҪλ֪ظңҺҪ
ǡ
һһɫ꣬³Եüͷĸˣοڣ̾һʦǷҪɣ
Ҫɣ
ĵ˵ͷ
¹طϵѣֻҪһϣͲ

³ٴ̾ϢһЩԶλιһ˵ѡ
˵
һ㶣ʵѵûλĴڣ
У
³Ժǿ϶ĻشڷɻĿ£óһݸйλϣʦԿ
Ŷ
һ˹ֱչϸĹۿ
ԽԽľɫҲԽϾ
λι
ֶ˵ʥرιǼֱܳΪ
Ϊô˵
ǾΪǵĹЧ
һλӳһ
һιӳ
Чô½ǿ߷
ʣΪҪУ
ô
һ𣬲żһʥˣҲܻһǧѡ
һǧ꣬˵ܳ˵̣Ҳ̡ܶ
ʥǸ˭Ը䣿˭Ը⻯Ϊһ
ԽǸߵˣԽҪ
룬ôһӳʥڣǿܷŹô
λιĴڣǱضΪĶңӦû֣
ǣ
λιǵûо֣ңǳĺïʢ࣬ܶ࣬ɽ֣
ΪΣôһǿ߷ʥȴܳ˵ïʢأ
Ҫ֪λιǿʥҲҪΪ֮ʥǶǾҲû취ƿصġ
ôΪֻ̾أ
ԭܼ򵥡
Ϊλιʥ½֮һ֮ڡ
أԶʱھһֱڣǧ֮ڣ̤֮ȫҪǱ˸ɣȫ鳾
һƬĵ
ڣһֱƽУ񷣬ླ̫͵˿̫ͻʧƽ֮ڣԺľʹ˽ȥͲ׵档
û֪ƽоʲôģԶʱڣ޾£ƽоһֱûֹͣ
ңƬ֮ڣʥˣҲܷУֻܲС
ԭҲ˹עǣɱһĵڣȴλι
Ϊˣ֪жǿ֮ڣ˵صÿһأǶǿߵĺǶѳɵġ
ʥˣҲ֪˶ڡ
أһֱһգԶʱھţûŪԵɣҲֻлĹʱǸʱµĵ۾֪ܵһɡ
ңҲ֮ժȡλιʹ͸Щй֮ˣԣʥĹЧ
ֻǣλ۾û˳ɹ
ȻҲǴ½֮һˡ
νأǾ֮أ߱۽λߵͣ
أ
üͷһ
þ϶صҲķ
ʥҲԴҲΪԼܱʥ˰ɣ
Ҳû뵽ԭλĹЧֹǲҪӳջ󣬵ȷûܿܵġ
ǣѣֱҪλУõķЩˡ
Ǻǣû
ķǴͷɥģ³ԲŷԣλιǴ˵ѡ
ˡ
ƽݻ³ԣȴѾȥص·ߣл³ϡ
˵ţóһС
װһöҩӡ
ϣѹڵٷÿҸҩ´λҾһЩˡ
лʦ
³ԴϲУǸоһˬ
Ů³ԴȥֱʵһСڵ㣬Ʋ̾һطȥ
ȥһΣģ


405 Сұ
£ͳ˺ʳľڣһ·¶ޣ֮أȴһ쾧Ҳûеõ
п쾧Ȼôõõġ
ȣ¼ǿ޾쾧ҲͱǿǶȡˣԣƻ˵ġ
ϾС֮ڣһǿҲмǰ
˿Ѿҹƶڱ£ĺڰǰƻ㣬һģĳһ۽ָѾʣĵζϣǰȥ
ȻʳҪ󲢲ǺܸߣŪζǺõġ
ϾҲ̫Լ
ǰֻһС򣬴˿ֻ˶Ѿ磬ֻƻҫ
߽СתһȦһƫƧĽһûдȵСꡣ
һǳСĿջ治߰λѣЩһЩͷˣĨ˹󣬿ɫ㣬ǳྻ
ϲûеζϣ
ǰȥΪʵ
ƹһͷ׵ˣһۼƣ˪ϵ·˲ٲƺǺܺá
һľ꣬ôԳ߶˸оЩ졣
ζȻС
ȻΪֻҪζϣǻǺܿĻӦš
׼һٽҴߡ

ĿɿڴĿŷƣŻعЦŵС磬˵ЦˣСôᴢϰٽζأ
⡭
һ㶣ɨܣջΪ¾ɣȷЩ֮ڵĺջܱȵġ
ǾЩƲɡ
ԵƬ̣ȥ׼һ¡
ջʵ̫Сˣ˵ǺܺãԼƹǻʦ
ʱ˱ǵռͱŵζƶʱˮˣһֱеСҲðͷ۾ھǹ˸
ৣ
ûȷƶ֣СһռϿë׵ƨɳŷƣһķǰռϣڷǷŭδ

ǳ˳飬һԾ㵵ڨڨһЦϲֻҵģ鷳ȥŪһֻΣ
⡭
㶣һĨΪѣЦС磬СѾûռˡ
ûˣ
һ㶣΢ЦǾʲôɣˣõζС
ϣ
ӦһãʱǶһЩز˺һЩζ˹
лϲ
ƿ˵һ䣬Ǵӽָóһһ죬Ԫӿζӿ
Ȼһߣ
ķӿԪƺǳԾƵĿҲࡣ
үүôûйţ
ʱһʮŮ˳ϵ·ҲŲŷǳ򵥣Ǳ裬ĺܿɰһ˫ˮӣ峺ס
ȥ˯ɣһʹȡ
Ůüͷźۼ塣
ŮŷеĿ⣬۾ЩƲĿ⣬ĵһڿˮʶĵһͷӦŶ
ֻǣĽŲȴƲ
һ崿˶
ƲɨһۣһĨ
ŮȻأȴʣСұ͸ˮ浾ͣһ˫˵۾Ⱦ׵ĳξڹڲͬ
ֻǣĿȴգҲգֱԼеĿ⣬ѵɫ¶
Сǲ˼
æ˹ȥŮҪ󷿡
ϣϳ¹Ůóˣ
һɵӿջ⴫˽õɫ৵ĲҰףŮһƣǹţǿջЦӭ
ҲüͷſȥһͷӣڼţĻĴӵ߽˿ջ
ӵĿһֱľţ˸࣬¶һĨζЦ⣬˵ôԷ㲻ӭ
ûе£ûе¡
Ц
϶Ҽүˣǻ˼˼źţ
һĻǰһ۾ǳ
ȻЩ˾ǳǸŮģȻǵĴţСĿջڳԶ
϶˵ڣ
Ͻģҽջˣ
ϻͷȻεĵҼүֱǲˣ
ţĻǳǳţƵߺɫࡣ
һУǸͷϵЦŨˣǳǸʲôȻ˼˼ͲˣҪᣬô
ǣүѵǡ
ٺ٣үȽϧ񡣡
׳æͷķеĻǿ³


406 Ͷ
ӲʩǹһĨЦ
ݵĹҲֲ̫ˡ
Ͻ׼þƺòˣ˼˼Ȼߣ
һ׳һ۾вζʮ㡣
ʵСѾûʳˡ
ԴˣΨпЦ
Щˣϵһ˼ңΪۺԴ湫Ӹм˼˼֮󣬱˵ңõԭĳ¼ҿջǼֲȥˡ
ûʳ
׳ʱ۾һɷĳȥ
ϲģǲǲҴүջûʳ
һ׳ǰһѾߵӣ
ҿԽԽͿ˰ɣ
ͷĥ䣬ٲȥ׼ҽջֱˣ
Աߵ׳жǽš
ʱŵķŴˣ˼˼˳峺ںˮŭ⼸׳ǲҪүүǼҲˣȥ𴦳Էɡ
ٺ٣
ŮǸ׳ǽ߷˫۾Ůɨɨȥǲ⡣
ŷ湫ӸһɫԵһ׳ǰȥ
ݣ˵ĵɣүŶأ
Բ۾׺ݵģõŮһ̵̻Ŀ
߼æסŮ󣬶Լ˵Ĳˣʵڿȥˣǻȥ𴦰ɡ
׳͵һһѾסߵӣϲģ컹ԽԽӲˣǻǣҰĹѸչ⣡
ǲҪүү
˼˼ſǻۿڲϵĵ䣬ͷүүʮˡ
׳δţֱקĺܽ˵ĲӱյЩ࣬Ƶͨ죬ҿ
Ůˮ׳ֱֿۣĿ޺ˣſүү촭ˡ
ֻǣ΢ôĶԾ龳׳أ
ءүүѾʮˣ㲻Ҫſ
Ůʹҡ׳ֱۣϹۣжá
ٺ٣ԷҲУүһˣ
׳ٺһЦ̰Ůɨһۣһ
ԣ
⻰ھǼ꣬ƴ
϶ɣ
߻ҷ׳ʱŭˣһһӿһѽõ˰չȥ
꣡
һƿ

ʱǸקߵ׳бһĲҽУֱֻֻ֮ϣһ꣬Ѫע
ȿȣ
߲࣬ɫͨ죬ڵϣ˺ðŻ˼˼ޱȣһ߳һΪᴷ޵үүû°ɣ˼˼˼˼ܵģ˼˼ܺ¡
˭ڰӣ
׳еɷڳ塣

Щ˲ע⵽ƾɵСջ֮ڻһ꣬ϻһë׵һֻռǿš
Сӣɵģ
׳ǳŷΧ˹ǳƵĶ
һ¹ˣǶµȥ֣𣿣
𽥱䣬ɨһۣûʲô顣
ǿŭˣ
Сӣô˵أ
˲ˣƱŷõԭƾɵĿջЩҡ
ģҰСӣȻӣӲ㣡
Ǹֱϻһ׳˹ƶŷƵľ˹

ǣԼȴҽ
Ϊȳ֣һ֣סֻԭѪעĸ첲ڳ˲֪жôΪǸһﱻ˿ڣ˺ѷεĲҽС
ž
һ˳ȥžһ׳ų˳ȥһײŰϣһѪԶ³߰˿Ŵ
ģӣ
׳һŭӽŤ۾ˡ
Щ˸ûʶڳˣһȫΧĿ⺮䣬Ӱ
žžž
ţʮǶ𣬷ֱַ𣬺ݺݵĶųǵӡ
ô¿ôɰĺӶ۸Ǹ
ƵľǿĻֱܹӽЩ˵ͷ­ѡ
ˣʮҲǺҷɣĿڱѪ䣬ش

СҴǣ
ʹˣҵ͡
Щ˱Ƴعҽҡ


407 ȼ
鷢̫죬Ǹ湫ӸߣǸŮɵˡ
ʮǿ߰
Ȼһûзֵ
㣡
վԼǰ꣬ͫһһɫһ죬ڸһĨŭ㾿˭Ȼȼҵ£
ȼң
һĨɫĳ֣ק죬۾΢Уҹ´Ҽ㣬һɱˣ
ɭõһ¶־塣
һ̣оϢ
ԲסϲˣСУһֵͷϴɨˣϽӳȥ
˵ţһץ𣬾һ㣬ȫ˳ȥ
ߵĺܾңеƺһ˳嶼ڲŷƷǿһһ㡣
˼˼վһԣϻΣС΢΢ſ峺֮ڣһƬ˼ɫ
Щ޷ˣȻȥԼٵ꣬¾ʹĲܶˣ
лС
ŮĲ£ΡΡ˹ݺᣬҲЩʡ
֪ǷƳ֣ǳ˼˼ԾͻᱻЩ̣ˡ
˳⣬ϱʮûֻǽС˼˼ڼ˿һۣʮȥˣС˼˼ҲˣСұ񣬱ҲӵĿ⣬ԣ˼˼Ժ⼸궼ûţôżȻһΣͱȼҹӿһĻ¡
뵽ȼҵڸֳһЩǵɫ
ϲ֮Ͷѣ㲻̫ˡ
ڵĵǣлȻֵĻҾסգΣ
Ѿܽˣǡã̽̽Ϣ
⡭
Щԥˡ
ǵǷƴ˼˼⣬ΪһʼƵھһƬû˿ɫ֪겻ǵа֮ˡ
ǵǣȼƴ󣬲ңȼڸˮڣС
СԿģ
С磬㻹Ǳˡ
һ뵽Щھ
ϲģš
΢΢һЦ˵ƣο
ȴһҩԣϵĲ⣬˲ϵҲɢһлָ
ҩʦ
ϵı仯ͫһչ
ҩʦǿǳеģСϣûҩʦԸ
û뵽꣬ʵһλҩʦ
£Ƿˡ
˼˼ӦԲ֪ҩʦĿɹֻǺĿŷơ
Ǻǡ
˿ţƾһڣڨڨһЦ
꣬򣡡
һתǿСǼһѾռˣԼտõԵء
Ȼ磡
ǳ˳飬ƵĵСһۣû˿ǶеĿսš
Ҫ¿ˣ

һʱһ΢˳ţ˼˼৵ͨ졣
ѾһûԷˡ
Ǹ
ͷ֣óһҪһԣ
⡭
ԭܾģǼŮڵ˿⣬һʹȻС翴Ǿһɡ
󣬳׼˼زˣһٷ
ͷүЩԵʢһˡ
ΪûȥԣԣʳǱȽٵģңֻ԰͵ģõǵӵѹ
ڶ죬Ǳһģͫȥһʧڷڡ
ջţѾ飬ſڴվڼʮɷ׳ͷȹվڣ۵ķߺޣĶſջ档
ԣվһ۵ߣһģȥҲʲôࡣ
ȹҪҲ˺ƤˣһҪ˼˼ȥ·ˣԣǴ˼ڵľһ͹ˡ
ԶΧϵڣǶų¼ҿջָָ㣬Ŀ¶ϧֻǣȼҵȻŭҲû˸ǰ
ǡ
ѵĴţֱھǾ
ûֻһЩգֻܿջά˿ջǲǶĻ·ô
СӳȻүһѻƿջ
һӺ׵׳ߺţھǶ񶾡
еһм²ûҩʦǻϺüȥˡ
ৣ
һ΢ƿһվڿջſڡ
һһĴţƵüͷ壬һĨɫ


408 
ķƳ֣ȹǼӺ׵׳޲һ
ˣ
ɱͽʮ򣡡
ȹһĨɫ
һ£ʮ龳ĻЦĳŷ˹Уƾͳһֻһֵֻʮҵķ
ǣ
ǳһĨĮĻȣһǲǻһӰ
꣡
̣
ž
һ죬죬ѵϵڳ쳹Ӱһ׳Ĵ󺺵ڵϣʧȥ˷
ȫһзŵЩ龳׳оֽһ㣬һȭһģ͵ؾͻ˹ȥ
˻
һƬһ˫˫ĪĿ⣬ǿǵĲӰ
˭
Ǿǳ飡
ڣõľķӦҲ΢һĨ
ҪЩľˣ
һһȺɷĻΪ֮ŵڵأҲûһȫ̱ͬһ㡣
Ż꣬ȼҹһĳźȥڣһƬ֣УٲȻһ
ţ
Ǹ۵ɫҲϾڱһɻڳ𣬽Χĵ涼յĽһƬ
ôһ꣬Ҳҵˡ
ȼҵĹ֮һô
ҪԿͷˡ
ȼƴû취ġ
ԶȺ۷׷ף۵ߣǶǺΪη塣
Ȼ۵ƽʱҲû
үүǸ粻°ɣ
˼˼ҲӺԺ˳һĻǵʵ
İɣûµģ
ƣοֻǣЩһЩǡ

ͬħһߣƵĽŲûͣ£ɫ䣬ƽ翴һʬһ㡣
ȭ
ŭһȭͷͬһգȵϢŷӭȥ
٣
Ҳû֣ر׾ӿֱӾӭȥ
̣
һ죬Ѫէ֣ű׾£۵ȭͷֱӾͰȥѪĽĹͷӶˡ

һĲҽУ˵ֻ۵ֱֻǰֱӱ࣬ѪӶϱ۴һ㣬ھǿ־塣
꣡
һӡָһֱû뵽λá
ˣӳ鴤˼ΣûϢ
˻
ΧһƬ
ѾڶླۣȻҲһ֮У
βҪùȼҪùˣ
۵֮ȼҹӱ̱ڵأһƬҡ
û뵽Լľ£Ȼ˵ĲһϣҲȭͷ֮¡
ɱңɱң㲻ɱң
ķȼҹӲסĺţзĲҽУǰķȡ
ô˵ģ
һƳԣ΢΢嵭³Ʒĺλá
ҴˣҲҪҲҪ
һȻȻһɧζҲ漴
ȻŵĴСʧˣ
˷׷ڱǣһĵĿƽʱȼҴ١
ȼƴ󣬾ݰܳʲô
ģ
ԴˣҲӣӶһ䡣
أɱңҲҪ
˵Ȼھɱ㣡
ǳһõһǻع
Ǳߡһңɫžǡ
飡
һ죬ȼҴҸ˹ȥӣǳָķȥʱǸǴһЩŭ¡ǰСʱңǻָ
Сȼұˣʱʱ䣬һˣ
ȫڣ飬ȫɱһλñһСѪס
ȼұϢͬһСϴ鿪ȥϵļǾš
ɱȼҵʵƱؾɱԼʵʱ׼úų¼ҿջȥ
Ҳ
һֺõݣҲӦ
ЩϵĴǣƽʱһĸ߸ϣʱȴǱϹϾ޴ķõ֪Ǻá
Լɡ
һԵķƲ䲻ȵ˵һ䣬˽Χ
ǣ
ǲҲĴķһԣȻվƺȴһ㣬ǽŵĿɱ
ȥɣպǵñ¡
ɨһۣƳһаȵĻȡ
Щˣͦʶģ


409 ת
ȼҵ£ȻСֵķз죬еĴСȫȥݷǸɱˣһ⡣
°
䣬ȴǱȽϺ˵ˣҲˡ
һʱ䣬ڷƵİ£¼ҿջͻȻһ£ȫϺõļľҲǸƾɵģ
ǰ꣬⼤Ĳ֪˵ʲôá
꣬˳˸мǸм꣬ûһеķҲ˼˼Ҳͱ̣ˡ
һʱ䣬˷츲صı仯ջڣϵСԺ˾ֻרƹˡ
˷ƣ˼˼Ҳܹĳ߶ˣŮϵ˲֪ϳ¼ԭһλ绨ĹŮȼҵ£ҲȻ
ǻãҲǱӦ
ŮҲĺˣƸ糤Ƹ̵ĸڷͬڼСһŷ֣ԭ˼˼ЦϻСѡ
崿ޱߣͬȾ
ϲ׼Ͱɡ
еһͷٽĴҰһ΢Ц˵š
úã
Ҳ⣬кСҰ̧غԺ
ʱһ̳⣬⣬ӱǶ˳һһֻСޣԵĸֺ
˵д£ҵ˼ҵů

Ժ˼˼ΧŷʸͣԷ˵磬ŮѣھǺ֮ɫ
ҪдôͺˣЩҲ۸үүˡ
˵ţŮ΢΢Щ
Ǻǣ˼˼ҲԱĺİ
΢΢һЦȻ֣ǰŮȻûϰκε似ǣȴľʡ
ӵԵʣ˷ˡ
˼˼ҲԱô
ŮһڴĿ
Ȼ
ڴĿ£Цӯӯĵ˵ͷ
֪Ϊ˼˼ĸĸ뿪ʮ겻Ҳ
ֻǣǺģ˼˼ܳԿô
˵䣬Щء
һ;ɲݰЦûгΪǿߵľģƱزʲôϢԣǱȽҪġ
ܣ
ŮһĨǿĵ˵ͷ
ܺã
ǣƱǳ䵱˵ʦԺ̵˼˼壬ȴǳ̽ѰصϢ
ŮϰĺΪ棬ҹ䣬ҲĵĶš
Դˣƿû˵ҲûֹΪ
ʵ˼˼Ѿܶˣ֪ĿǰԼģǣһߣһоͻָǰˡ
ԣҪԼӵ㹻ԼԼүү
ƵջҲǲ٣ЩӣҲ֪̽صϢ
أһƬĵ˭ΪߵֻͣҪжûдĿܡ
ǿߵķĹ
ܶ˶ôƺصġ
ԻĹ֪жٵľڣΪģֻһλһι
ֻǣȴδ˳ɹ
ԣȻ˴أԱ֮ǰҪˣ֪αʬҰأ
֪Խ࣬ƵҲԽء
һأ˻Ĺʱڵĵ۾û˳ɹԼѵܱЩʥô
˽µʱ䣬صľλø̽ˣƾ¼үﰲźãҪȥһء

ҹƴʱȴǷ֣ջ֮һƬƻͨΪˣǼӿ˽Ų
˽ɫջ֮⣬һ·εվͬһ㡣
۷壡
â֣Ʊǽ˶
ʲôˣ
˾ܸߣһʱǷķƣ⾼зǳ⡣
û˵˹ֻɫ
ӵ۷ΪˣǶ᲻򵥣ʵһǶҪԴ
ͣ£
ڷǰ۷ƣŷѹ˹
ÿ
Ƶ˵ţһɱϢڳƣֱƵһߣһǽջڡ
ǰһĻõϱϢĳȥ
Ƹ磡
˼˼һѵòٸԣķƣ˹ȻֱۣһŮ˹ȥ
°ɣ
ĳӣǸӰ˰֣ʾ¡
Ƿƣ
վʵ
ǰ꣬Ȼأǣü֮䣬ȴ͸¶һĨ֮ңܽ۷ӵܱˣ˵䲻򵥡
ǡ
Ƶ˵ͷһỨĪĳ⣬һ
ѵǰŮȻǳ˼˼ĸĸ
лԼҸĳ
ӺǸм˵š
ѾڳĿ֪һУ꣬Ǻ롣
֮͡
΢΢һЦдʯ


410 һʥ
ǰһŮȷǳ˼˼ĸĸأ硣
ڳصϣƸоһɼǿѹָо³ԣҲ˵أĴڣ
˼˼ĸ׶磬ҲҲ۷徳硣
Ƿ󲻵ģƽһСջȻһڻʳʥɽҲ̫ϳϼ
а򣡡
ип
ʱĵѾǻʳˣʳ֮⣬ΪаɸֹΣСɲ°ټңÿһҵĵ̣Ƕһʳʥɽ
Ҳ˵ʳʵҲһɶѡ
Щ֮ϵģڵ֮ϵģаʥأ
һʥڡ
аĽ
ΪһЩ£תۼʮ͹ȥˡ
һɬ
ΪͻطѾ˼ľڣʮʱ䣬ͻˣͻ֮һʱ͸ϻˡ
ڵҲ򵥡
֮һǳĳϣ
λĿģȻǴ⣬˼˼ǰȥǳˡ
ȼңߣ
뵽ȼ£زŭգâ˸˸
һʱû뵽СȻд˵ȶԣңȻҶԼļˡ
ǲˡģ
ˮڣӦȥһˣ
ȼңҲ˽⣬ΪȼڸˮĻȼҲܳΪһԡ
ˮڣѰ˵Ѿǲ˵ĴˣǣΪǳϵĳ˵ȴֻǲĴڣ
ζ˷Сˡ
ҲǼΪŷƵȵ˵ţֻƵȴЩ
硭ĸ￴Ů
һ˵飬õķƴгԲ
û뵽ԼΪȻȡһϵĺøУⲻ̾Լ
ֻһͨڣǾ͵ͬһˣ
ڷƣأ綼ԽԽ⡣
ôһ꣬һΪȴܱ۷壬˵ܲǱļ򵥡
Сˣ
סɫЦʵ

Ƹֱһ˫˫ȵ۾ͷ˵
˵˼ô᲻أֻǣѾŮѾ֪ˣң滹һߡ
ڳ˼˼ֻǽ֮ڼҵСöѡ

أ綼һ㶡
˵ǻʳУǶûʲô˲ģаһСܱȣڻʳǸһѡ
аԴǻʳģ߾ʳĶԱȡ
ûֻһСѡ
ǲĿ£ƺ̹Ȼĵ˵ͷ
һϣ˺ܶ࣬ζ綼ᵽ˳˼˼תƿ˻⡣
治˺崿ˮһСá
䣬ƿز䣬ôȴԼģǻһ;
һ;
ƺЩʲô˼˼Ҳ΢΢ȥЦҲΪǣǿ
ԴˣΨһ̾
ףΪҪܾԼĺأ˵֮õ顣
µҲǿѡ
һҹܿ͹ȥˡ
˭ȼң
һըһСϿջصš
˵Ӧ˸ˮȼҵˣȼˮˣȼҲܳΪСһˡ
űһܵƿȫڳ¼ҿջſڡ
ô
һɫƲһһӣɭʵ
ˣ⣬һģŹҰɣ
ƺ뵽ʲôֲ飬ҲЩš

Եһץһ˦㽫֮˦ʮ׿⣬Ҳ
ȿȣ
ȳѪԹ޵һȺˣŴҴȥ
û뵽Լȥȼұţûõ˿ôҲͰˣȻһ٣СҲȥˡ
֣
ɫֱӺ
ȲҪ˭ְ
һӿջڴŴŴ򿪣ǳӵܣƣһͬ˳
أ
أȲͫһƺΪ㵣о㾹Ȼû
ĸ
ǹһĨĻȡ
ԭҲˮӵܣһ⣬õ϶磬ǳ̫ϳϵŮȣһ飬Ϊ縸׷ԣ͵͵³˼˼ҴߣԲŽЩƾ費츳һЩԭͻõ˶żҵϿɣøϻ
ߣ
ȲΣһɭĿһϮķƣȼң
û
һ嵭ֱӵͷˡ


411 ûʸ
¼ҿջſڣվʮƲˮεӣǸɭɷڳ塣
ȼҵˣ
Ǹȼҵô˵ͻˣ
ţǴˡ
ף˭
е죬ѵϳ¼ҵţأ
ȻǳأȻû
ֵԣԽԽֻ࣬ȴҿԶΧһȦӣ۷׷ף֮ǾǾúܲ˼顣
ԭӦȥˣȻţ
֮ǰص츳ǳĬȥ

Ǵ⣬ˮ϶Ҳǳϼڡ
ǰɲˣ

һɰɷȲڳѹơ

ЦһֻһƣΪޡ
ʲô˼
ĳس֣Ȳһ࣬ɭʵ
͸ˣԣҲ
ʲô˼㻹ô
΢Уˡ
˵˭ģ֮ǰǼ£ػɣڿ϶ݺԼȻǴܷ
ҪԼ
㣡
ȲΪ֮ᣬӳ˳飬ȵأȻδΪβţ뿪ʮ꣬ʵ棡־ܻ

ػû˵ǳӵܱǳǳ⣬ŭ
ڵ֮һǳĳϣˮڵҲ֮ƽѣȵĻǿɱСŵҪ߹Ķࡣ
־ܣҪʧˡ
ذ˰֣ʾ£һĨЦΪ㻹ʸ񣡡
ôĿ
ȲɫΪѿ
Ϊ͸أͶˣ
ͽ
Բѣ
Եȼӵܷ׷׽ţкâ˸мֱӳŷسɱ˹

һǰ̤һû֣ȼǼɱˣ絾һ˳ȥصײԶǽϣԸ죬ڱ˫ͬʱѪ
֮Щܿģ
㡭
ЩȫĹͷд붼ˣһǽϣг˿־塣
û뵽Ļᶯ֡
أҪѳţ
һ̤֮õȲĲ־ŭȴֲҷ
ûѾѳˣǳˣ
һĮЦ⣬ȲȥѹӿȥƵȼ˺
ʲôǳ
ڵ֮˭˲֪ȲһҰס
û뵽ؾȻø뵽ڵ֮ڡ
ǣаĴ
㡭ѵɼĴս𣿡
Ų۽ĳأһȼӵܲ˻
ɴսǹʸ𣿿¸ɡ
һۣĮ΢壬˱㱻εľƷ˳ȥʮ׿⣬Ѫһء
ãããӲˣǣǲ֪ܲ߳ˮأ
Ȳɫк֣˼ת
ѵƾǾ뽫ˮزɣ
ЦƾĻɫʮ򶼲
Ϊߣɣ
㡭
Ȳ裬һͨ죬ͬʱ𾪣оԽԽɲˣȻô˿ԡ
Ѿû·뽫ȼˮڰһ𣬽ˮڵƣд˶ԷĿܣҧȻ㲻ˮڷУһʵгȻߵغ񣡡
Ǽ£ȲҲвɣ
صĻȻƽǴ˿ȲУȴ羪һ𶯣ǰƽоɽҪӡ
Ҳ˵ʲô
Ȳǿ磬ȴЩ˸
һ׵ģ
䣬ܶ˵ꡣ
˿ҵҪжôǿ󡣡
ȲҲܲסѹȣһԪڱһ죬һѪɫĳìϣбȣȥ
ߣ
ǵصɱ⣬һƣңңĳһơ
̣
һ죬񷶼ƺΪ֮ζȲݣѪɣԶѪ
Ѿڳλǰûз֮
ǲΡΡȲ𶯣ǾһεĴڡ
ʱԶҲˡ
أѾʮǰǸˡ
أ
һţЩʣȼ֮˾Ѫɣͬһ㣬һ¶
˵ɣǼ˭ָʹġ
ţƽȴ쳣ɭ䡣
Ҳ֪
֪ǾҪ
˵䣬һɺ嫵ѹ˹ȥõȲſڵ϶á
ʮָʹģ£
в֮£Ȳڱˡ


412 ɽ
Ϯ
쳹ɽ
˸Ҵˮţ
ɽ֮ڴȣһƿ쳹Ϣ
žžž
ȼ֮һ˳ȥһɧҡ
Ȳǣ
˸ˮˣ

˱ǴɽиӳĳأƣǳΧס
㣬أ
Ⱥ֮ϳ˳أʱڶĿ⣬ֻǣȺȴмȻߡ
ĻδֻЦŨˡ
أΪβɱͬţ
һϵ˺ʵ
ôֱɱ£
ɫ˶ʱǳŵ˹
ߣ
һߣһ˺ɨ˳ȥʮɱ˾˳ȥѪԶþ
ƣõһ˫˫֮ڣ𺳡
˷ˮ
һһɫӰ˹һԿˣ԰ףɫǳ󣬿νͯա
ˮ
㣬أ
ͫһ
ǣ
ɫ΢΢Ż΢Цŵ˵ͷ
㾹Ȼû
ҲǾȣɨһΧŵڵϲ֪ȼ֮ˣټԶڵϺʹӵܣüͷô£ѵģ
û
ֱӳˡ
أ㾹ȻҲɱͬţ
ŭڣǳ
ˮʦɲˮ֮ˣ
ʦǳųϣ
صӰĵ
ǳųϣ
һƬһ˫˫۾ھǲ˼ɫ
ǳ
ڵķŭҲĳȥ
ԭѾȥˣûʮԼǰʱȴѾԼƽˣõòп֡
ν£
ԭڵӵܣЩӡ
ܸоصΪѾԼˣ
Ϊҵֻعѣ
һֱһüߡ
£
һ㶣ָ˺㣿
û
˭

ָǸߡ
ʮϣ
ˮбһ󾪺
ſڴƻƣ
һǵϵȲǲźۼĳ˳飬âһ
֤ݣ
üͷ壬ʵ
һǵʵͻһ֣˶һϣϣġ
ȻȲѾȫйˣʱҶǿľƷ쾧ΪԼıϧɳȲȼ׷ɱңȣʮǰҾһ߿ݹˣ
˵䣬ϵڱһǿѹʮѹ˹ȥ
Ѫˣ
ʮӲš
ʮ
˳ֹʵ쾧ģ
⡭
ʮһɫǲ԰ף˸
£
˺ǳһ䣬תأذһʱ£ҶԲ㣬

üͷһ塣
ʮǸǣҲ֪ܱǼˮϣʧȥʮˮڽԪˣǸʱ򡭡ԣܲܿϣһ·
˵䣬ɫЩ䣬Բϡ
⡭
Ȼ˵˲ǣȴһֱԼõĳЩΪˡ
ȻģˣһϳͲʮҲ˼һ꣬㿴Σ
⡭ðɣˡ
˵󣬳ˣңûκҲʶֻҪԪ׷ɱһˣ˵Ҳûʲô
ʮϽһУԪ׾͵ط˿һԵķƵ߰ɡ
š
ӦһתȥʱһĨתȴûзʲô쳣üͷ΢΢壬Ǹ

Ժڣ˼˼⣬վĳؽź˿ͬʱڷֳỨ
ų˼˼˹ȶˣǳЦСܴ˼˺˼˼ǻǳԸĻҲͬǰɡ
⡭
üͷһ塣
ȥǳȻѰ֮õ飬ԼҪ
ôˣԸ𣿡
Щ⣬ԴҪǳܣһȻڳԥ
ܣлĺ⣬ĵĸлƣˣǳ»᷸һɡһ٣ȥͶǳʱ
Ŷ
㶣ЦģǳʱΪ㳨ţʲôѾǳҡ
л
ҲЦų˹֡


413 ƽ
Ƹ磡
һЩǻ
ֻ˼˼ͨ죬ˮֹסĴ

Ϊˣһۣ޲̾Ϣ
ԼŮУҲܿԴˣǲԣҲûԷƵݲƫֻǣȴܵζ
˼˼
ͬ滨Ů¶һĨ⡣
Ƹһ߰ɡ
˼˼С
Ǻǡ
ЦһǵĹ˹ǣƸѾﲻʲôæˣǳڸƣС磬˼˼ĺܺõġ
Ƹ磬ĲֿһȥɣȻ˼˼ġ
ŮȻԼĴ磬һ֮顣
һЩ飬ĲȥҴӦ㣬Ժһȥ㡣
οĨŮϵˮ
УƸҪǲȥĻҲˡ
˼˼ȻҪһ
˼˼֡
ɫһ࣬㻹СЩ黹㳤ȻףȥǳɣﲻҪ̰棬úõĸѧϰ֮˵Ҫ˼˼ء
Ҳ޷⣬ϣͬȥȴҲ޷ǿ
Сֱ֮ʣ˼˼ޣŷƵֱ˵ʲôҲ֣˫ɶԵ¹䡣
ưȥᣬޣ˼˼סҸղ˵Ļǻġ
Ůᣬ޵һѧУȥҺƸ磬۸Ƹ磬˼˼Ƹǡ
Ǻǣã
ƶʱЦˣȥɣǶڵء
һ˳𣬷ȻʧûٻСֱӳɽȥ
ʱȥˡ
ΧǴɽľ죬ԭʼֱ鲼ɽжޣѰ˲룬Сסһʱ󣬲֪޾ɽصΧ
λ⴦޾ɽв಻ϵɽΧΧ뻹ǧԣҲкܳһ·̡

أȻǽǣΧÿն
λιΪʥһͿɳһ˵Լã׸ЩɣڵϹŶƱǴһܻȡ벻ĺô
ȻЩ˲ǰװ׵ȣΪػһص㡣
һǧᶯһΡ
һǧʱ֮ڣܻôһ죬ػᶯһΣǰľͬĩս٣췭ظоڵڣҪҲ߸
ⲻҪģҪǣصĶʱôһλƮ֮⡣
Ȼ˵ÿζ˼ʣϾǾһǧǣܵ˵ôǧ֮һļʡ
ǷǳµģرǶЩ˵Ϊ˻ֶܲΣ
Ǿô
ԶԶģվһ֮ϣңԶǴīɫɽ
ɽ֣߸ߴȴͬȥһ㣬ƽ
أ
ۇR
ƽԶԶĴײ֮쳹أ⼸ǧҲܴ
أأ
ͬڿ޽УһֱڷƶԻصģЩʧʧȥעǴɽŲƶһһĳǰȥ
أ
ˣ
һͬըһڷƵԺ֮𣬽˹
ô£
දű۵̫ѨһƬã
أ
һƴõķ͵Ĵһ
Ǿħ
亹ӶͷϵƵܿʪ͸
ûаԣǲȫ׼Ǿͻ᲻֪ʧȥ
ˣ
Ԫ֮ϵ߱ٴεһ㡣
ˣ˰ɣ
ֻÿһ䣬ֱӼЧˡ
ѵĽʲôԶǣʲôΪξ޾»ûȥ
üͷ壬ٸҷжֶһݾ⡣
Զʱڣؾһ֮գ澿ʲôû֪еģ޾Ĳ롣
֮󣬷ƺСĵĳزĽˣΧȴ
ôôˣ
һȦƷΧŲǧңء
ѵֻǵĺ棿
Щɻ
һСᣬӰԶӶ˸֮ϡ
ǲǺ棬ڵȴʲôƵġ

Զҽ֮
ȥƱǼһӴصǧﷶΧ֮ڵĴ֣ڿ
Ҫӳ˫ȴѾɿݣڵأţ壬ͷ­ҽֹͣһǺΪ˻ҽ


414 ǧһ
һɺӽŵ𣬷䲻Ĵ˸
˾ʵëȻ
ǺΪ˻ҽأֲ˹
ΧҲһЩһЩӰʧΧ
ȻǱˣ
أ鴫
˿ڵľ»ɢȥ
ѽ
Сðͷһ˫ӣעڵɽ˸⣬طƻУж
ֱȻҽأΪǵ۾ô
֪С
Զӵ˷Ƶע⡣
ǧһΣҪ˰ɣ
ţûƽԽԽƵô
Ҳǣβ֪ܲܵһλ
ѾǧûеλˣιƿԱȽϴ󡣡
λ˵ǰһöιõļλܴ֣ȴһλʥ˶ˡ
ҲͿֶѣǰľһǧһΣܿһ޺ˡ
е伮˵ôô
Խ˵ԽСغĵƽɽھȻЩڴ֮ɫ
ǧһΣλʥι
һϢõķֱסüͷѵҪʲôˣ
ɨһȦΧ֣Щ˶ǴڴĿ⣬ңԶɽ
ǵģڵȴȴһԵĵ
ѵλȻĵ
ţҲһϲ
ôһͲýأҲõλˣ
˵ʵڵģղżӵĲ»ëëЩ
Ǿʱ䱻ӿһ㣬ֱӱ绯ˡ
Ǿ͵Ȱɡ
˿ƱϣΧһȴŽص춯
һȥˡ
Χ˶ˣڵƽиΪƵûжı仯ֻǣ֪ǴôƸоƺдҪˡ
ƽ֮Ϣ
ʱ
һˣ
ȥˣΧǧˣԶ֮ˣһƬѹѹĺ
˵ĿĶһǾҪȡλ
ЩУƿϰ͵ģҲ飬󲿷ڣ
üͷ
Ҫ˵ȡλѶȣƺڽȥժȡ
ΣһҪõ
սȭͷпʼƽ
ȣٶϣǲƣҲ˵˾û似Ҳܵġ
Ȼڶ࣬ʵԺǣǣѰ˺ҲǺܴ󣬳Ǵﵽϣǲشʸ
ķ츳ǿɲǸǵġ
ᵽλ֮˵Χȫõˡ
ΪǸʱϿɾˡ
˵ѹȺۣ˵أǾûʲôԣԴˣĵǺܴ

أ
µ峿֮һҵƽи
ƺ֮ǰЩʲô
ڷɻʱڵĵȥľګ
ˣ
Ԫ֮ϵ߱ٴξ˷һ

ƼٵĴϢţڣһƬ¡
Ѿעˣŵ


ô⣿
ֵĳ˷Ƶע⣬ȥһˣȫ߽֮ڣǵۿɼٶڿݻţƺǵ޾ħڷһľ
ҽУ棬ͬ
ǰͺ̣һȺһȺһľګ߽˽طΧضһ
ƻмҲ˽ȥ
ܣڽ֮ƺҲ˿ӲǱѰ˶Ӷѣǻǵʹࡣ
˵ǣûаѪ
һнΪһо⣬˿ʣֻг䣬֤ڹ
أ
ƽٴ쳹أķһæٵĺţƽģͣס˽Ų
ʲô棿
Ƶʪ͸΢΢ϢţЩ
̫ˣ˳ɶѳɶѵ˽ȥĲס
ѵȡ
쵴ĵƽУ뵽㣬һ
ʱ˱˻صƬû˻ģȫˡ
ɲ
ӽһˣȫˣ
꣡
һƿ֮쳹ΧǶӰÿһӰɢƣǶһ
ڲ
Ȼƺ֪鷢һֱȵڲų֡


415 Σ
Ǹŵˣ
ǾȻڲ
ŵˣûϷˡ
ϳֵЩӰȺ֮Ǳһ̾Ϣ
ŵļ룬һЩеĽҳ׵Ľ
ţˮڣ
һɨ񷣬ܿģͷˮҲԣżʮ䲻һӣǸʮٲȻڡ
ף
֪ǲǷ˷ƵĿ⣬ʮҲӷɨ˹

ʮһɨӷΧȴûзֳؼ˴ڣʱâ˸
ڱ裬ұС֮ܽܵˣ
ʮ
ƺ쵽ʮϵ״ˮһ׼£
ȻҲ˷ƵĴڡ
ġ
âʮϱֵºͣʲôҲûһ㡣
ߣ£Ҳ㣬Լ
ˮһǲ˵
âһʮϱĬ

ˣ
һܾãʮĿкɱ⡣
ڳزԣԼԸľǿߡ
ʱƸоһǰδеΣУһ̤ʧԭء
Ӧò˰ɣ
˼Ʋͣһ֮ڣ͸һƬƬҶԶĶ̬
ڵƽˣ
ǧ֮⣬ҲԵңҲ΢΢Щģ򣬲ѣֻٴȥ
עƽ
ϵӰҲԽԽˣ˴죬Ҳȫ𾳽ˡ
ȻаһЩˡ
ǵĵõЩȺʧȥʸ
ǾһεĴڣ
أ
һƽУɫͬķϯ˼䣬ضֳһƬǺľ󣬾ϵҲʧȥ˹ԣ磬ؼȴǰƹһƬĩվ
ۇR
ײܱȾףѹؼһе죬ԺھֻʣһĴڣȫһƬհףڰյǿߣһ
ǿᣬȻǧ׸߿ˤ£ٲ˶ϸ첲ȳȡ
¡¡
һɽ쭷磬ؾϯ˳Ŀ̫ǿߣͬǸƼһĵ˳ȥǶҪԪܲӰ졣
춯ҡռ䶼ˣµĴأȻͬһʮ֮ߵĲ쭷֮б˺Ƭľм
һ鼸ٽľʯ絴𣬺ХųŹҶĽһǿҳĭձһ顣
飬ڷڷ
ô£
Ҳ޷ˣѾΧĴҲͬ߼һ㣬ҵţһѺҲӿ
ѣֻȥ
ãǿʼѣ֮󣬻иҵģ
Ȼ
أ
ƽУƺŨŨķŭ벻ʣƲħڳҪͱƣ
ۇR
ǽصĵ£һҵײһ㣬ӿ׵罻ӣͬҪ߸һ㡣
ÿ£
ֱǰľ󣬷֮һƬ£Ѿǲǧ￪⣬صĶӵվڵϣ紦嫺֮һ㣬βϵ
ͫ𣬿һС
ô£
ͫһУõķƵЩ͡
ǰضرѣľɽʯϯУŰȥ
ǣ
ڶĵеƽɽȴһ˿һûκεˣһƬƽ˾ľƺǴڵ֮ڵһ㣡
ϯ˲ʱƺĪֱӽ֮⣬ͬ΢ֻõľΪ֮ѣľɽʯ֮ڣԾݻΪ䡣
ô£ѵ֮أ֮ѵĽԶħʱҪɣ
еױȣľһ뷨ǾǸϽԶ˵أǾûĿԡ
Ķ̬ǾԲһܹĵġ
Ϊǲӣ
תַЩ֮ˣɴ֮ϣԪ˸ΧȾɸɫΧһеı
ûκܵļ
ѵǿ϶񲻻
ʱ򣬷͵뵽ǰǼ˵Ļ
ǧһΣ
ÿһǧʱͻһΣʱ򣬿ܻ𶯽أӶ֮ڵλι


416 ݰ
ƽ쵴ǧһƬ谵쭷Ű춯ҡĩա
ۇR
ҵײײ˵ļ䣬꣬ÿһεײ˵ζҪΪ֮һΣҲ⡣
ϣϣһƬӨ˸˶ԪΧ쭷硣
Χĵ棬׵ѷ죬ɽʯ飬裬õһЩΪϵ͵˽п಻
ҽУ线죬һĩսһƬ
أ
ƽУ񣬳˱ΧЩǽ˱Ӱ쵽һƬͨ죬˾ɱõԭҵĳΪҡ

һ۷ӣѪ˿է֣˵ϢıޱȣŷƱɱ˹׵Ԫڳ壬ֺ顣
룡
ɫƽһһӡָһεֱû֪ಿλ
ڵϣ鴤˼ΣûϢ֮ڻһƬɫ
ڰ˸ˡ
ƺ˿
ֱȡǵˣǲݣһ֮󣬷ƱˣԣҲ顣
ЩȻʵȴѾ񣬸ԣˣҲֽš
죬ңڼڷµҲжʮˣ
ϵӰˣԶصҲ˹ʱʮŵ񵽳ˣ룬ǵһλǾһ
ԽԽ࣬ƵɫҲԽԽء
ʮ
ĳ£ǾҲҪվԼȻǣֶ£ǲһ
ѵ˽أûб·ô
з࣬
λĹЧעֵһԻЩٽϹŶǷ
ʲôȻŸΪҪ
Ƥ˺ƵģЩϹŶҲԥȥ
ôҲҪһԣ
ҪѣǾֻһ·ΪѣҲҪ˵Ψнء
ֻҪȡ񣬽Ĳл˳ģũҩҩܹάֵĻǻмʽȥժȡġ
Ͼϻһöҩҩ֮ҩԣǿɲǴģһöӻһλֵˣ

ͬռ䱻ƣһâԶӶ֮ϣɢһ͵İâΧĺڰȾ
һ԰׵ߣ֮ϣһͬƤһѻһ
ԣһ˾Űٶϵ
ϯȴ½ҲδƺϵһƬҲһ㡣
̫ϳϣ
һۼˣܿ㷢ϵķΣΪ֮һУʱ
ʱ䣬ϹŶϹˣ
ĵõЩ֮˶͵࣬ΧˣȻ˳ȥ֮ͬһ񷡣
һϡĻߣԵĺۼǸƤ⣬־ţλٽˡ
ߣ
һ𶯡
һμߣ֮ϣʥ˵Ĵܣ
ĳܣʥ˲¡
ģվڴ½۷Ĵܣĵλû˿Ժ
ֻǣȴѾϡˡ
ߣҲܻϾŰѣѾ˾Űٵʱܻ
Ӣ۳ĺ
ˣҲû˸СλĴܡ
ߵܣӹɣ
Ҫɱˣûмӳġ
ৣ
ߵʣһƬƣƹԷ٣ΧĿռҲǱյЩŤ
Ǻ֮ڣһͬϵӰڣ׷ƮƮˣ˿λܡ
һλϹŶ
ߵĵõЩŵֱӿЦ
ֻܿϷˡ
أ
ޱԹ޵ƽٴε쳹ƵؾɫΧϯ쭷ƺҲȥؼһ˲УȻļžȥ
ã
һɼǿΣϮæˣԪڳ壬ɫͫ׾ĿԶеĽɽ
ۇR
ҵײȻ˳ҡضؼֻһĴڣ֮ľ飬ʯѣһЩΪǿߣеűѣеѪļҡ
ЩҲѪֻɫûʲôı䡣
أ
쭷˲ϮķƾУֱƳ˼׿⣬ײһ޴ʯͣ
ķ츳һ£һ۷شˡ


417 ٺ
ۇRۇRۇR
ನδһľ죬ʱɽӱ飬ƽɽΪģΧĴѿһɲѷ죬ǧŻ˽Ų
ͣ
һ˿ѪűѶ쭷ϯڣĭɽ
ϣһɫҲϾɢһϣԼ֮ڣˣϯҲͬһ
Ψһûбɫģλʼˣǵȳ̶ȵ쭷磬ֻҪӽ׷ΧǾȻ˿Ӱ첻ǣ
ߵƣչ¶š
ȿȣ
ƴʱҲЩͷЩǱȻѪǣҲͷĿѣŷơ
ÿɲ
ͫ˸˸ԵĿ֮еƽɽζһΣȻȺСȴʵĻζˡ
ǱԶҪ
жǿ
ھһƬ𺳡
ѹţ˵ƣֻ»Ϳ̿ҲΪ֮
˭֮ܽѹ
ţһ
Ѿ֮ǿˣѵԶʱڻб֮ΪǿĴڣ
Ҳֻе۾ҵ˴𰸡
ԶŬҪƽɽȴֻͽ޹ѡ
δɣܹʩչģٷһܡ
֪û˵ء
һ
֮ԣ֮ͫʱܿޣأӦҲܿصްɣ
أ
˺ƽ٣ҹڣһʵƽͣЪ
޾µվδ
ƽУƺһ˿֮⣬ɵĿ
ǿǧ֮ǰѲò˵Ŀɱ
ƽٹȥǽ壬ǧ֮ڣҲ
漣һĻˣΧЩѿĴأȻĿʼ£һЩͳ˲ա
⡭
ǰľõķĿɿڴ˽һϵλܣ⻭𺳵˵
漣Ҳ
һܿ˵ˣпĻġ
ȻҲ
ǼʱϵĺɢˣĵΧɽָǰ״̬һƬľ
ٺټ˾ǿ߶ڸ̾
ǧһΣʥˣҲܼһΰˡ
ûλ
̾󣬷һ
ڵƽɽȻ˼ΣλҲµأǣûеɽΧ

̾Ϣ֪ΪΣҲǾЩᡣ
ĩ·
λܣͨ쳹أȴӲţѾ˾Ű꣬Ѿûмûˡ
Ͼǧ꣬һߣһ޷Ľߣʥ뷲˵֡
꣡
ƿ쳹
ȥֻǶһ֮ˣ٣Ƕ𾳽ĳ̶ȣ֮ΧλɢŰâĴߣȻӦλܵĺˡ
ڻȥɡ
ڴԵһȰο
ȻλѾ𣬵ǣΪĺˣôĿ֮أ
Ѿ
λޱȣƺ嫣o·âҫۣ£һΨҶɢ
ѵҪزɣ
ܣѾ͸ɵĵزˣҪƴһˣ
н𶯡
ڡ
ĺ˾ǰһдȰҪأм߹˵ԸУȥժȡλ
ǽ֮һк¶ѰźãΪȥ
λܳл
˼زͬأ۶ôߵΪֻҪȥᱻΪˣûκơ
ǰˣҵȴڶȥ߾ܲλ
ĺ˾ǰסǰ·
нԾλҪأ
ŹȻģĴʥ඼ѡ·
ʱѹǴʱԣǿ߶ѡʱء
Թǿ߶·ĹߣǵǵأΪ˹ʶ
վⲻһӢҲĻ֮ʱһܵͷҲһ
˿Լѡ񣡡
죬Ŀ棬ɨˣƴ
ڣ
Ǳݵĸߺס˵ĽŲ
˵ˣҲҶ
λĴдǣ²⵽˽ѡĵ·һк¶ѰźãҪһ


418 
˸ˣѾĺҲֻסڣȫ˵һԣһݵĿ
ȫž
Ƭ֮ڵĴҲԹۿǾߣȴҲͬ
޼Ҳûжٻͷˡ
𺳣Ŀһλ龰ֻʲôѡ
һж紫˵Իһһȴһ˶У̤һûϣ·
᲻ʣ죡
ᴩϰâʢϣͬһգնңѹɨƬɽһƬûƬɽأؼžɽֹסľʧˣʱǾֹˣһİ
ڳˣ֮£ڵأĽǲţǿǣҲǼڵѹϴ죬׷״гԲ
ԭϵӵǣҲҲܵӰ죬ȫţûг
֨֨
ƼǰӲסĶţÿһڿ֨죬ɫǺ죬£ҲѪ
ܵѹͬѹķ츳ʱҲгԲ
ͻʼܵƣ
һԻĹoһǣɢƣ
ȥҲ
һǻָഺﵽ۷״̬ͷҲصȥ
һˣ
ʱǾֹû˿ڣȫĬĬĵȴţܺܶѲµ˽
ͫ𣬷ע⵽λѾ߽˽֮ڣͨâȫڵʴٵĳƽɽ
˰·ͣ˽Ų쳤̾һʼݻֽͬƬһƬƬ䣬ճ鳾ΪһѻѰ˺޲졣
ڣ
һĻĺǱ˳أҲ޷ıһС
ᣬ౯ޱҶɪ
վ䣬δ죬Ȼճ磡
᲻ʣ죡
ƻڻصϧվһĽ֡
ǧţ˭˿Բ
˶һ־˭һʥҲǧʱ䣬ܲ˾
һԶûоͷܳɹ·

еĴܳ̾һתƿնȥ
࣬νʬǾ
ʵģλܣǳΪʱڴ룬ջʧܶˣɱ̾
Ϣܿ촫ад𶯣عȻɽ룬Ǿֵ֮ء
ǣδעĴѡ·ıΪ˻ûбѡ
ǿʼ𽥵ɢȥֻհĴܶƺѰҵһλֻǣעҪʧˡ
ʱ˻Ķ࣬ԣƱȺ˻ǸС֮ڡ
ţ
һҿջʱһΣдĵתȥǼˮһȺ߹
ã
ʮתͷ񣬷һɫĺѿһǲûջֱС򣬱ɽ֮С
쵽ΣҪԶ˴вӶţ޲̳֮ڣоܵвҪԶС
ϣҵԤдˡ
㱼һʱҲ֪˶ɽƲһƬɽؼͣϢ
꣡
ͻȻ˼ƿ֮֮Ǿ׻Ƴգ
С򣡡
һԳһ㣬ɿһɽ£ƿһصʯУסԼѹƵͣһƬ䣬ûһ
ã͸гڵ㣬ģˮʮϵ档
׷ˣ
ͫһһƬ䣬ľǿжôĿ£ֵĻǱɡ
Ƭ̺ӰͣԶɽԼƬ䲻ϵ
ѵѾң
ƻ䣬оܽ
ͬʱзŭޱȣԷ϶ǳԼģָûл·
Ǵ˿ȴҹڼһҶ㣬һľһʯС
ȥһʱ˲𽥵ԶȥʧʣȴδҶֱɫ׺ڰɵʳʯһƬɽгȥ
ˮڣ
ҧҧ
û뵽ʱؿˮķϣŹʮϣȴԼʱҪ׷ɱԼ
ˣСţ
´һɱ㣡
ƴͻƵˮһΡ


419 ɱ
ҹ֪Ұ޺˷Ĳƽ°ɽҰľҡצ
ҹûֻժһЩҰ伢˷ʢľС
ͻȻƬҰ޵˻ʧˣɽһӰжʱһݼţһҶ
в֪ʱӰĿ⾼ɨΧɽƺѰʲô
ˮʮߵˣƶϡ
ֱ°ҹ˲ŴƬʧƸо亹ܣȥǰ취ᱻ׷Ѱ
ͻôܰǣ
Ʒûκΰ취ֻȥˡ
ʱػкܳһξ룬޼ɵУֱֻӾͱǷ֣ԣֻܻǰС
ڽİҹɽвϴܣЩԷ֣˵
кüΣ㱻ּ֣ЩҰ޴ڣȻһ֣ûҴĿܡ
ʱƾͶزԶһУһҲҶ
¡
ĴʱĶһЩεĵشɽʯըѣľ飬ͺͺһƬ
ã
һӳԼ˹ͫһһΣдĵ
Ȼһһ侧һֳһͨĳԪӿֱһŷƵĲ֮䡰
⻮Ƭ룬ȼ
ৣ
ƽһǲһȥ
С
ԵĶȻǸӵ۾һųŷƳɱ˹
ɶ񣡡
һҧƣƾҲ¶˳
СӸͣ£
ǸԾѾΪķƲһ࣬Ǻ⣬һգֳŷƵĲץ˹ץ
ڣ
ܵϮϢâһһ죬߱񽣳Уתնֱն

ͬϵ׻䣬ɭϢõӺëһӦȥץ

Ѫէ֣ӵֱֱͬһ㱻ϣؿҲİâһѪڣĲҽзҲٵĺˣͬʱһֲֻһеĳǰһơ
أ
ƺһֱӱ˳ȥӶֱۣѪؿڣֻ΢΢һ㶣ٿ߱񽣣һϲһٴ׷ȥ߱ٴλ䡣
߱񽣵ķ󣬾Ȼǿߵķ

֮ھһƬ壬û뵽һ꣬Ȼ˵Լٴɱķƣţ
ס֣
һҲѾɱֳһ˰ɫǹǹֱӳŷƻ䡣
ߣ
ƲգƽһǲֱǸе߱񽣺ԥıǻȥ

â䣬Ѿӣֱӱ룬೦һأһ˫۾ɵԲ֮ɾǲŵɫ
֪ģΪγԼȫһȻܻ
ৣ
ŸӲ֮ʣһǲһߵɽȥ
ģ
ǴܶӰҧҧڵɫŭ־壬гǹһӣâɽֱӻ룬ԶǵӰҲƷ˳ȥ
ô
ӣŷ䴦Ѱ˹ȥгǹһֱ˸ԣһ춯ԥĻһǹ
ǸȥΪԶƼȻɱǸӣȻҲɱԼԣʱ˿Ҵ⡣
ģ
űĻƾ֪϶شҧһɽʯ֮ĺѪȾһƬʺ졣
ҪϼһȻˮҲ㣡
ƸоһתʧѪ࣬æũҩ֮ϵҩԣҩԾŻ˿ӿȥֹסѪ
ǸӵУƾ߱ǲܿľͽ֮նɱĳɹõķԼúܲ˼顣
֮ͨȻǿ˹
Ө˸߱񽣣дϲһ䣬ҵҪ˭ɱ˭ˣ
أ
ڷƼҪ͵Ϯ֮ʣһԶԶ˹
Ȼʮˣ
ʦ𣬿ֱɱˣ
ӳǹһᣬݵĺ
ڣ
𣬽²ǲ߱񽣣նֱӳǸն˳ȥ
Ӷң
ʮŭû뵽ڵ꣬ȻԼƤ¶̧֣֣ңңŷĳһơ
ľѹٶȲ죬е߱ն˳ȥ


420 թ

־ŭǹһŷӭȥ

ն䣬ǹֱӱ룬೦ȫȥ
߱񽣵ķֲ˹
أ
ϲƷֱӡıϣѵ쳹ʱѪԶԶ׷˳ȥԶ˼ʮײͣѪһ㣬һ
ļһ
ԼӽǱնʬ壬ʮϾŭӣһƴ£૵СӾģ
ŵǶѵĳǹ뵽֮ǰĨɭ磬һ͵ӿһɿϲѵСֵľȻͨ鱦ɣ
һڣı£ǾҲƳķ˻ǿߣ
ƳǿߵķնƷǹ͵ľ뵽ֿܡ
˵еͨ鱦
ֻͨ鱦
ţǼŷƵ֮ȥ
ѵû
Ѿס˺Ҳֹͣˣû뵽ʮϻϷŹԼвɵһŭ
ն
ƿƼٵԾ𣬳ֱ߱ӻһ

ɭϢֱٶʮһ̫࣬һ壬һЩٴӵ¼ٵڳͬʱصĳһơ
أ
һ죬˱ķ˳ȥѵ쳹ȫݣѪ֮⡣
Ȼû
ʮһٴĳһƣûȫصķٴα˳ȥȣҿ
Ƹûзֱӱɢÿܵʱ϶һĪӨ⣬ֻͱĳˡ
ҲֹۣϵĹȫˣ޸õ࣬˲ֱĵѿ˾类˺һ㡣

һƣʮ϶㾢ƾ縡Ƽһıĳ׿⣬ѪһأֻǣǣѪֱӻޡ
ţ
µõʮһţͫһĨȵĿ־壬Ҳٵȥ
Ѿصˣ
Ҳ˵λãѾǽصİף
ȿȣ
ƿȳ˼ѪµͬʱҲǾע⣬ţ
͵ģһѾأ
ڵľѸٵʧƵһͷҪӳȥ̧ͷǼһЦӣʱŲͣ
ٺ٣
ǻѪ꣬ʮϿзɭĺЦеͨ鱦뿪
ʵôվķƣһ𺳵ױˡ
һһѣԼƣûûУ෴ģȻٵĻָ˹
Ǿֻһܣ
ǸҩʦǸ߽ҩʦҲǵؼ
뵽㣬һĨ⡣
ӵͨ鱦һɱԼĵӣ츳ֱȻһλؼҩʦ
ʣˣô
ߣ
һߣѪأһĨЦ⡣
ǻСҲƭ
Ϲбð
˵䣬ƿʼóָڵҩţҩԴ澫ʧ
ﻹΧҴʱǽ֮Ϊ֮ʱԣʱҩԵʧܵķΧ֮ڡ
ϹĳƺʮɫһαЦҲСӣȰ㻹ʶһ㣬ͨ鱦ԻȥǲȻ㽫ΪһѳԶƬ֮ڣ
ôˣһὫͨ鱦ӽԶҲõ
ƲмƲһۣҪ߱ӳȥģ
ԣ
ʮͫһ͹мǰ˼ּٵ˻ȥһϷʿԼ꣬ŭô
ͨ鱦
ǿǴ˵еıǼƷڱǰǶǶƷԣıǶǿΪ֮ı
Ϊ˵õ˵еıˣ
˻ˮڣҳȥ֮Ȼ˽˽ͻ㣬ɷģ
һתʰ˵
ܣ
ķƵĻֱѿڶ
ȥǾǽԼأҪ֪һأ
Ǿûʲô˵ˣ
ʼ硣
𣡡
ʮּˣһĨâһҧãҴӦ㣬ϣʳԣ
ģ
ֺǺǵ˵ţԶȥʮϣͫâ


421 
ټɽ֣һûһ٣ϳ治ɼľͷ
һ𣬻Ѫ꣬һĨЦһ˫۾â˸˸ƺܿһУ
ι˵ͲԶ𣿡
ϷʵĻĿ³֮ͫڣһһɽʯ֮͵ߵĶ̬
ѵˣ
ʮһ٣۾΢΢Уԣһڶѣô׷Ѱҵ٣һƶѣ
ǣ
飬ƲЦ˳һζĻȣϹȻ㲻ԼҾͱ
꣡
ָһӡָһǳǴɽʯȥ
¡
ɽʯ飬ʮЩͷĴ˳
ǰһϷʵ꣬ھŭɫ
ˣˣ
һһ꣬ȻҲϷˣԼõŭ졣
Ϲ㲻ǻˮô
һЦĿʵ
С֣
ʮһƬŭǳ鴤ţɫԵЩȵҪ

ɫԪڳ壬ѿһֱ۰׳ٴӵֳҡҷΣŷֱɶȥ
Ҫܵʱ򣬹һĻˡ
ڵ٣ֱӾôήȥųʮףȫΪҽ
ٺ٣
ʮѿɫƺЦϵЦŨˣϹ
С֣
ʮţȴҲ޿κΡ
ǰذ߸ûĿԣǼһλ䣬ΪԼ̶ֳȵĴȡ
һҪʬΣ
һݵвš
Ϲݻͱ˵ˣбͽɱҰ
һ߳Žҩһ߱ĵ˵š
Ϊû취ô
ʮɫһ˫һץԶĿʬƯ˹˫һͣǳطȥͬʱҲԾ𣬲Щʬ鳯ŷƳɱ˹
򣡡
Ȼ֮ڣؼҲӳһܣǣʮ㹻ˡ
̣
Ǵ֮ڣʮϱǵĳ߱񽣳Լ꣬ĳ֮ȥ

һնգЩʵĿѾʮϣͣ˽Ų
ʮԾͲ࣬ôټٰ꣬ǱģǵЦŨˡ

ĴЦЦоǺ顣
һľ۷ǿ߱һԼ׷ʲôΪô
Ϲ
һĨĮ
ˣСˣΪĿģκֶε֡
Ϊ׷ɱԼȻԼӵʬˣʲôģ
ģ
ʮݶҧˡ
͵ʴףӣּ˳ȥʲôţ
С֣ҾͲ㲻
ҲǺˣɭĻõķһ
ذվﲢܡ
¾糤һͣһֱڵľҩԶϣʱҲͿˡ
Ȱɣ
Ȼָڵҩǧ꣬Ҳġ
Ҫ֪뵽ģǿɻǧ֮ңԽͻԽأǧҩǾԲһء
Կо˻ɣ
ʱǰҲûеڶ·ѡˣΨнأժȡλ÷ѣܶԸʮϡ
أ
һ̤ǲһ߽ҩһ߷ٵĳȥ
Сӡ
ʮҲƵĶˣþûز
ǲܳɹģǾܣҲ˰ﷶΧһڣǵؼҩʦֶܼԶ
ߣҿܳŶãһͲˣ
ʮ϶϶ʹթһֱǵӰ͵ȥ
⣬һҪᵽеǱͨ鱦

꣡
֮ڣƿٵţԽǽµԽǿңϮũҩϵҩǱ䵭ࡣ
ͷ
ɵٶȣõķƻоȴҲûʲô취ֻܼҩԲҩġ
ৣ
뵽ʮﷶΧƴ˸һƬ֣ӶĽŲҲ
ǣڵԪֱӱĳѹˣһ˿һҲòϡ
ƬУΪһͨˣһΪȫڡ
ǰʮ־쵽쳣ڵľҩһͬʧ
ã
ȻϱɫŽ˶ʮѣѾΣգѹǾܶҪޡ


422 츳ͼ
СӣĽȥˡ
ķƵӰѾһСڵ㣬ʮޱȡ
ԭΪֻһթԶѣҪķ룬ȴǣƸû·ֱǰʱѾǰʮ
ǰľ룬Ҳˣһ꣬ȴڼš
βأ

ʮѾվھһƬա
봫˵еͨ鱦ʹʧۣõҪײǽѾûˡ
ʦ𣡡
ӰԶӷ˹
ţǼСӳҡ
һ𣬳ˮڷȥ
һڽȥ˻л·ʦҲ̫߿˰ɣҿͻɳˣ
ʦ˵Ǿţôϻ
ֻ˵˵ѡ

꣡
žɽУһƿһӰ·ϵľһ·Զƽɽȥ
񣬷Ѿ˽ˣҩҲ˼꣬Ҳʧ࣬ľв֮ȻʱѾ˰ˡ
֮ڣɽ߿գ֦˵ƣɽƽˣһٴˮͰһѣɽһֱƵɽۣԾ
һ·ϣÿһÿһ룬ƶǻӻԣ˿ͣ͡
ֻҪغĵƽɽͿժȡλιǸʱͲóˡ
ɣǰУǰԨûл·ǵʮڵȺûϣΨпԼܿٳһ·
ٳָڵһҩҲŽ˿С
Ÿոһȴ
ͷȥɣû·ǰ϶ҡ
ҧɱһɽ壬嵽ൽһٶʮʱũҩϵöҩϣ֮£ֻеöҩ
ҩ֮ҩԣȻҪö鵤ҪǿĶֻ࣬ǣۿɼٶŵҩԣиΪˡ
ֻʣöҩָڵöˣ֮⣬κε̡
ƲңöЩֵȡ˳Уһ߼ȡҩһ߿񱼣ҩ֮֮·̡
һ·ļѣҩ֮ڣٳȥʮʱеѾȫˡ
ǰﲻƵʶһЩģˣľ಻ϵĳŵӿȥӣѾпݻĺۼˡ

Ǽټٵͨҩб߹ҩ֮ҩԣͬʱҲ͹صĿ³̶ȡ
Ѿû·
ˣ
ϵľѾŵһ̶ȵʱŲλһͼӨתһĪ϶ʱסȫ
ô£
ͻȻоڵľûʧ΢΢һ㶣ǿϸֵͼ
ǡ
ͼǺܶ࣬ϵͼȴǸһַǳϤĸо㱼䣬һԺˣ䣡
ûͼ֮׹ĿǼϵ·һģһһֵģ
ķ츳ͼһ̱ˣ
ǲʧˣԪȴǼΪģԪбǾҪˡ
ķȻֹʧ
𾪣ϲǼӿ˽Ųƽɽһеĳȥͬʱó侧Ԫġ
֮ڣκεᱻɾΪԣ治κε޴ڣԣҲùʲô
ڣˣɽ߰·̣һ뻹
ʵѾ漣ˣҪ֪ǾҲܳһѣƾųҩķͼѾһ·ˣ
ৣ
ӰǰľǱֻۣǣȥ󲻾ãЩڵĶ֦ѿïʢ˳
ʱƻһ㵭Ө֣ÿ̤һһĨӨ˲תŽµǹ֮
İˡ
̤İ֮ڵķΧƱǸоϵͼ࣬£ǴһɱʱõһŲ΢΢Ż
ֲס
һ̧ͷǰѾǺɽҧҧٴóĿ侧תܾͬʱϵͼҲޣӨٴŨԶԶȥһӨһ㡣
ֻǣҲûֶã̤ʱϵӨٴΰȥŴͼתҲЩɬǰǰĳ졣


423 ·
ƽɽغģΡ룬ľ죬ʯأ𣬳Ƶ׳Ƕôߴ󣬵ȴư磬һ޾ѹֻԶԶĿһۣ𶯣ʧأͨˣվڽ֮⣬ֻҪһۣҲᱻѹ
ƽɽΪģΧǧﷶΧһƬأﴳ룬ǶɣǾܣʥˣҲлΪһ
ǿߵķĹԶ֮ڲ֪жٵľڣˣ˵û˿ı仯
޾£ĵû˿ĸı䣬ƺһεڲٿһУǰյĴء
ôһƬУĵشƽɽУȴӳٵλιⲻò˵ʵһּµķ

İʮˡ
ϵӨɴڣȴֻǱһˣϵͼҲһûһµתţ˿ǰᡣ
Ӱֲ˹ԷΪͼҲ
ѵҪô
ֱϵļۿɼٶˮƵĽŲھǲʡ
ǧһʱڵĻᣬǴ죬ָ֮ҪǾ͸ӵĲˡ
ңҪȥ϶һɱ֣𾳽ǿߣֻҪ⣬Լûп֮ܽնɱ
ɶ񣡡
зݣһҧóһѪܵ⣬ô
Ҫ侫ȻģҲһֻᡣ

·һˣ
ȻǼʱңǷȴǾѾ˼ˣµļѾٵˮȥƤҲпݻĺۼˣϵͼޣôˡ
ѵҪô
з࣬ڵҲȥԲ𣬺Ƹ粻ܸԼˡȢˡ
ĽŲҲʼήˣ±ɹʻһ㣬εεʧɾ¿ήĸ֦
ԼԵĸоƤѾ˹֮ϣڵҲӰ죬ѸٵĸɿȥڵĴչˣȴƵģ
ҲһҪȥҲһ
ڷƿҪµʱɫӰ˳վǰ¶΢Цʱһӿһ⣬е֮ǰǿ
ûˣķң϶ֻᲽ
Ҫôֹ
Ƶӿһɱ쳤Х¶˳ţɰͰ͵ϣӨͼٴλת
õٴμͷ޵ľ츳ϵļҲȻиԭĺۼ
ѽ
ƺһë׵Ķõĳ˳ļͷѾƤݵķƣĴ۾ƺһĨ죬ţһĨζЦ⣬ƺڳЦƵǱ
С򣿡
һ㶣д۾ɵԲ㾹Ȼû£
֮ڣ߼˻࣬ǻĹʱںޣĽأҲҪߡ
ɼصĿֲ
ڣСûκɱԵСޣڽ֮ڣȻûܵκεӰ죬˯ʵģƺղŻ˯
ķ÷ܹܵˣ
ʥˣҪСһﾹȻƽ£˵һ顣
ص
վڷƵļͷֱԶƽɽȻԻһĨȻŵͷŷƣ¶һĨЦ⡣
ôģ
ʱǷҵʱϵļⶼήȥƤǵģߵŮǰҲϲ
ѽ
СĴ۾ɻĿɨһۣƺʲôȻЩ̧ǰ㣬Լͷá
ʲô˼
һ㶣ڵ״ǳ˳飬ʵѵ˵ҲԲӰ죿
ֿԣܴ
ѽ
Сصĵ˵ͷǲ͵Ц
ܣΪʲô
ѽ
ɻĿ£Сǰ㣬ָָϵöָ
˵ָжܰﵽң
΢΢һ㶣һ
СһûܵӰ죬˵˵ĿŶȺܸߡ
ѽ
Сĵ˵ͷǸһܱõķЩ
ţƱһһĽָڵĶã侧ëϣ⣬ζϡ
ţ
һĶ˷Ƶע⡣


424 ʥʥ
֣һɫĺɫСӱУʱһ˲תõķһһͬȪһˬӿͷõͲס΢һ
˳СЩĪ·ɢһỊ̄ƺΧһ𣬺ء
ڵﳣ겻£ûз磬û꣬һƬţû˿
ţ
һ˫ͨӣڵĿռ˸˸ƺ˸һЩ˫°ȥƬռٴλָ˺ڰžС

ף
ȵ͵ķ֣µǹȻʧˣ
ô
ֱסĿеĺɫС棬૳ѵСָľⶫ
ɫСӣСڻĹżǴʼܵĹѨóģСĪĹʱСʱԵرļƲ⣬ôһС֮ڣװƿĴܣ
ңΪСôԼƿ⣿Լƿӣʲôô
һУһգһ֮ա
Ҳȵĳһƿ䣬ӣܹˡ
ѽ
СӣСֳһĨļɫһ۷ƣڵȥ
ڵİ΢΢۾䣬Сһİɣһӵģ
˵䣬죬ʮ㣡
ûһܴӣΪһҪƿ䣡
ѽ
Сܿǻָ˹ͷȵƵգһʪĿˮۼ
һζԷƱ¶Լ׽֮⣬ֺá
Ǻǡ
ЦһűƤһֽţЦֱ˿Ц
ģָܻĻûˡ
ϣλιðɡ
ֻܽϣٵʥˡ
·̣Է˵ûκεѹгɫСӣͥһ㣬ѹɣ˿Ӱ첻
ֻһӣһûд򿪵ĺӣȻӽصѹԿɼСӵĲ
ǵһƿµ
ʱƽɣϵԪҲ⣬Ȼһ磬ǣȴˣԪļӳ֣ٶȸǿ࣬ȻܷУٶҲ޼ˡ

߰
˰
Ű
ˣѾܿƽɽȫòΡĲҲܿĺˡ
һƬû˴ĵ򣬾޾£ӭĵһˡ
վƽɽ֮£ˣһ޷ļ
ԼȻˣô׵ľˣ
ʣһǧɽ֮ڣжپܣԶʥڴˣ
ʥҲû취飬ȴǱԼˣ
飬֪
浽װʲô
Сӣâãɢȥ
͸ǰѾɵķϣҲ͸С֮װĵʲô
ܿ޵ͫȻƲһСӵʵɼСӵжôˡ
ڣƸǿѹ˽֮ڽѹӶ׵ľƽɽ¡
࣡࣡
һĳ˼еķƻȴ֣ԼĶӣʱɫЩڨڨ
ʲôζ
ӣƱŵһƢķҷڵء
ȥ
ǰƽɽΡ룬죬һ񱮣ɢһѹɽ֮ϣ滨ݣһƬľ
ǰɽһȪ㾧ӨĹ⻪ʥҺ۶ɡ
ȪϣһҸߵС࣬Ө˸ɫ觵̶ɣͬһСһֱ֦ۣ¶Щ˫ȣǳ֡
ȻһԵĲǰĸߴ󣬵ȴԾµϢԲĸо
ŨĻСĶ˸һöӨ͸ۺɫĹʵɣ͸Сɫһ
ڹʵԱߣӨķۺɫСҲʼįͷͬһʢķɫ÷һ㣬ֳ꣬޵ʢš
ĿɿڴǼöʵңȭͷô󣬷ǳأЩҲͬȻƴСǣɢķ㣬ҲǼöʵ
ѵǴ˵еλι
һӿһɿϲ֮飬ھǼ


425 ڰе
صĺģһƽɽɽϲľʢʯ죬ƵΰΡ룬ȴһƬĵģޱȵ
䲢ûλιļأԣƴʱҲǲ²ѣϣбǿ϶ǷۺɫĹʵ뻨䣬Ǵ˵еλι
ţƱֳֺɫСӣɽжȥ
飡
һ̤Ƭ棬һһɼǿѹʱѹϣȫĹʱһ󡮱ž죬Ҳȥ
ô£
һƬ֣еСӣʱƺҲˣױȵѹҲҪѹɢˣϵĹֱѾѣѪõԭͺķƣʱͷԷΣЩģ塣
ߣ
ĺһżһ֣˱ȥƽɽķΧ

ڵϣƼٵĴϢţھһƬ¡

ʱѪϹѣһɹɾҵʹԺõʹЩŤҲϵĲš
޸ũҩ֮ϣһƬտһ˿ҩҲûˣԣصĴҲ޷޸
ѽ
Сִ˳Ĳ״ǰסԼ۾ƺٿһ㡣
Ϊʲôûã
СһǸеģǼٵĳ鴤Ρ
ͬѹƣȻҲ˿ûӰ쵽
ʲô
Ϊλ룬׹ľǣУɪɪԼҲһ£
Ϊأһľȴûаڣ
Ϊƽɽϵľ޴ѹҲ
Ϊ֪ܶԼΪ䣿֪ҪʲôģǴڻĹżֻһɺϣ
һһʺţȴһҲҲ𰸣ǰСǹƻľ֣
֮ģƺѾԼˡ
˻
΢΢˶Ʊʹһ£ѪĲԽƮԽԶһƬڵУ˹ȥֻǣüͷһɫҲԽԽҰס
ѽ
ķƱ۾ССԴƺȷһǳƽɽǿȪȥ
ʱһöͬһĹʵ˻
ѽѽ
ҷ÷ƵĶԣСԴգƺҪ
ֻǣȴͽˡ
СҷڷƵϣŷǽյͣԴѪ˿ڣĴ۾һǴ˹ȥǴֽͬһСϣ¶һĨħЦ⣬ǰ㣬͵һ·Ѫ˿ڡ
˻
ڻеķƱܵĳһſұǿһҧǷĹ֭ĺ
ܿģȭͷСұǱȥĹƤҲƵĿУĽ˽ǽ֮ȥ
ʱ䣬ӷƵɢõĻâܰ㣬⻪˸˸ϢУëţƺĪϴš
ѪǲҲۿɼٶţѵĹҲӣû죬ƼϵĴ˱ǻָ
ǰصʱ򣬻ľʧ̫ˣڼ⾡ήңҲأֹͣУʱƺйĪϴӣ̥Ļǵļ
ʱĹͷž죬ѿһƤһ壬ļȫٴγ˻볯ǰҪǿ
һжõķ淢չţһĻСƺ˿һɻԵķƣһƽɽȥ˲㲻ټƺ뵽ƽ֮

ڰž
ƻΧֲָǰ·Ҳ·
ⰵ֮УƺħצŵС
ģ
ΧĺڰƷԼʣֻǣû˻ش޾ĺڰ֮УһһǰţĿĵţ֪ԼΪҪߣȴǹܲסԼ˫š
꣡
һ˫ͨͫǰԶһӴǰǰڣͣ
ģ˭
ƳʵڰĿռ쵴š
ˣҳȥ
һƮ
ʲô
һ㶣׷ʵ
ˣҳȥ
ͨͫھɫ
ȥ˭ΪʲôҪ㣿ô㣿
˫ݵͫ飬ּһ䡣
ˣҳȥ
Ʈ죬ܲ
˭ģ
׷˹ȥǰһƬ


426 ϵ
˭ģô㣿
ƽڵϵķأţţ͵һ۾ڵãܿͻָ

ٵĴϢţˮʪ
ԭΡ
̫ѨƲǱ۾˫ָͨǰ˱һɱ˵ȫ
ô£
͵۾һƬ¡
ǲǻþ
˫ͨӣ΢ʵĴţ
ˣ
ԵķƱϡ
ѽ
һԣССԴ˫ˮӿ
С򣿡
ͻȻ֣ǰ˫ӣڰе˫Ȼ΢Щơ
ѽ
Сϣǰ㽫ؿԭ飬¶ʵš
⡭ˣָˣ
ŷ֣ԼԭѾήļ⣬ھȻѾȫָˣңʤǰ
ȭͷǱըԵھһƬ˼ɫ
ԣǷۣǶ֮ǰ࣡
ֻ˯һǴ˻ڵľȻͻָһ̥һ㣬һ÷ֲʵĸо
ģ
СһһĶһԣģõķһɽϿȥ
ȻһϵιѾټ
һöι꣡
ԼѾһöˡ
˷ѣ⵽˵ϣֻǣƾԼλͲˣιЩ
ϾҲûмöιλв٣ģҲмʮ֮ࡣ
ৣ
վһѽõ»һۡ
Сȵġô
һϼͷСһ૵ʵ
ѽ
ССԴЩɻĿƺ˵ʲôһ㡣
ģһСӵģ
Ө˸ĺɫСӣƵĿĺܼᶨСһļ΢΢һ䣬ֵ֮ǰȥЩλιŪ
ѽ
СװûɻĿ
ߣ
ưһۣƣûЩλιԺҾƿ䣬ֻҲûӰ
ಣ
ӰСһûټĳԭغЦЦоǵ⡣
ʱСһλͷ
ܰ˱ǣõķ۾ɫǳƺԸ
ѽѽ
Сһǰӡ

˿𣬷ƽӹǶλζŨõĶõĴ˳λöӵĽָȥ
ৣ
λ˽ָڣʱƱǽ۾һգգֱöָðһЩϸСĺ
һҪѰ
ţƺöŲĽָϣһ㱡Өԡ
ˣ
һָӨֻǣӨԲɢԶľ룬ɢ١
ô£
һϵӽָڴ˳ڳ˴㵡
ʦ𣡡
һһƬĻ
ϵѾûˣϤĸоõЩᡣ
Ƿϵ
Сӣʲôô£
ָٴδϵЩܼ

ǳ˳飬ɨܣڵļܿһƣʦ֮ڣ
ҹġ
ֵܿͣűһ֮Ľʲôأأ
š
΢ӦһǹֳһĨЦ⡣
Сӣ㲻ˣϽ˳ȥ
ϵĺΪ١
΢Цкǵ⡣
÷ӵ飬ԻͷһΣԽأɲķϣҲҪ˱ᡣ
ԣԣСӣղͽĶʲô
ƺʲôʵ
λ
嵭ӷƿ³ǵЦŨˡ
ʲôλ
ޱȲӽָں˳ôģѵѾˣģôģԣӦ֮ڣȻôҵľǡ
ʦصģλǸղժȡġ
һ仰õķϵȥ
ʲôģ
صĺ˿ʵЩ
أȻҪȷ˽Ķࡣ
صĺİǵҲҴ룬ȴǱһˣ
ܲأ


427 
أĽأɱһС
ʵϿ֮ɽû𣬲ľ滨ݸǲ
ôһƽĲƽĵȴһأ߼

ʦ𣬻ǵǸСôĹĹóСӡ
ϵĺɫСӣɫ·Ө˸һ¶
Ǹɫĺӣ
һ㶣ƺû׹ΪӾʲôҲ֪ɵͫҲ޷ޡ
û
䣬˸˸ΪӣҲŽأ
ôܣ
ȻЩ޷ţһѹ
ڽȻǣܻܹӰ쵽ǧﷶΧʥˣҲᱻɸɾڣôһСӣȴܹ֮ѹõķܲأ
ڷӡɽϣ
ûС
ǰû˿ΣɽӾͲһ
ͬʮѹѹõ
̫ˣپüӣ˶ᱻѹ⽴
⻹϶ѣ
ûУΪʲôλôģ
ɻʵ
Сγġ
һƨСһھǸп
Сһƺûʲô첻ġ
Ȼûɱ
ţֽԼ˵˳

ϳĬˣƺһϵеϢ
ǸɫСӣ͸صķӡ֮ɽҲ͸СԭһֻΪĸ߽׻޶ѣʱڿƺҲֹǸ߽׻޶ˡ
ʥޣҲܴأ
ȴѹķӡ֮ɽ
ֵ˵СһǱϵ޺϶ֻǣʶķϣҲ޷֪ݡ
С򣬼ȥժ
˾þò˵ƱǳһԵСԸ
ৣ
Сһ΢΢һ֮ˣӰһǳǿȪһöȭͷСιǳŷ
ȵȣ
ڷҪιֱӷָʱ򣬷żĳˣɻ£ӹӵĽָӳһС

ϵĽͣƲף߽׵ĸҩҪװ⣬ҩԲŲʧȻʱҩԾͻˡ
ԭ
Щң𣬵ʱҩӵʱҲװġ
ʱǼϵλιǽ뵽Ľָڡ
һǾöιʮλ
ջõķϲ
öιǧ߰꣬ʮλǧ꣬һõĻ룬жôĿ¡
һ˾ܻǧ꣡
츳ٹޱˣǧʱ򣬾ǴʱѣҲܶѵܾ磬ǳΪʥˣҲûпܵ顣
Сӣʹˣ
ڷת׼ȥ֮ʣϳס
ô
һ㶡
㡭
ϲѪ뵽СӵȷûнӴЩǽ͵ȫǱһöι꣬һλһ꣬һƬҶҲʮ꣡

һһƬҶȻʮꣿ
ǼɫҶӣһ
ҶҲܲ򵥣״ͬʵĳҶһ㣬Ө˸һ֮ڣͬ񳹣һͲǷ
һƬʮҲϰƬ
СҲ⣬ϰƬҶҲǧ꣡
ǣĳֻ޹Сٴα˸ק˳һʱ֮ǼǹͺͺһƬʣ֦ˡ
һʮƬҶ֣

ưͣһƬ⣬ɨǼƺҪγë֪֦ûʲôá
Сӣɱȡѣ
Ϻǳ
Ҿʡ
ǳ˳飬ڨڨĵǷȪ֮ϣȪˮûã
ֻȪ峺ף㾧ӨĹ⻪۶ɣƷ
ʥȪһҲܳ٣λιʥȪľ۶ɵģҽ黹ǱȡˣʥȪޣֻܹӦѣ۾ȡλιҶҲΨûȡʥȪ
ϵĽͣƶʥȪǹӦѣȡʥȪǲĵòʧ
ңλιѾʥȪľˣеĻҶʥ˵ǹˣǲһ꿪һΣǸʱҲժȡ͵ˡ
óȥˣ
ת಻ϵɽͣһĨ
ûǣͷҪĴڡ


428 ֮
ڳȥ·;ϣϸ˵֮Ҫľ츳ͼ츳
ϾϵƿأϺһҲͬĲ롣
һϵʣƿ䣬֮
ȥˣ
ϲţĹ㣬ҪϲܣڲŹ꣬ѵѾľˣ
š
һһʮĽʱ˵ˡ

ҲˣСһΪһССǲڻˡ
еǱ߱񽣣Ҳõˣ
ʻʱ򣬷ϵҲЩ
š
ƲףΪη˵ʧ̬
ģҵ߱񽣶ˣӴˣ߱񽣲ڷңЩϹŶҲǺ˰ɣ
ָڱһ󳩿ЦƺһЩֻ

㶣Ȼ߱񽣺Ϊǣ˵ģͨ鱦Ҳûаɣʵʦ߱񽣣ô
ϻ
ϵг𱸣߱񽣣ȡ߱ΪôҸ㣬֮߱µʥˣλ
˻
˱ըԵϢõķƶʱһھһƬ𾪵ɫ
ʥˣ
ǿǴ˵еĴڣĿǰʱ䣬ĵ伮ûйʥ˳κμء
䣬ֵǳֵ̫ˣ
㴫˵еʥˣ֮߱µģȻλ
÷ܹ
ˣ
ƺܵ˷ƵԪ֮ϵ߱񽣣΢΢ζƺǵƵ𾪡
߱񽣣Ƿҵ֮Ϊͨ۱֮һû뵽ȻʧƫԶĵˡӦȰɣ
˵ţΪп
߱񽣣ͷܴΪҴľѪɣ죬̵ѹţʥˣҲնɱ¡
ĵ۱ǿɲ˭˶ƿصģõҲûϿɲС
š
Ƶ˵ͷڵɫЩ
ԼȣΪһڵİðնɱ׹֮꣬ͬھ£˭֪
ʱҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
˵˶ô
ӵзҵѪȴֻһͨӵܣСܾӣ˵Ҳܵ˵ļ̤
ô
ǳʹڷңô˾Ͳˡ
ӵ֮Ǿϡģ
һŴһˣ
Щϵң΢֪һЩġ
֮ˣһƺ֮
Ȼÿһ֮󶼲գһվ۷Ĵڣ
ô
ûЩнĳɾô
ڷңƫԶĵôôһԼһ·
·
ڣƫԶĻĹż֮ڣȻҵ˹ƿĶߣ
ⲻò˵һ컯
Ҳˣ벻֮䣬ĥѹȥˣӳɹâ½
ϼһ㣡
֮ûһӹˣÿһ˶𺳴½
ǾԵģ
ֻ֮꣬ĳɾͻҪԽǰЩ֮
Ϊֻܹƿ䣡
һ˵һһĴ˵֮Ҳƣ֮
ôۣעһܴؼĽֻأȻʥҲӲһ
˳ȰοƽʢѾܺˡǵãĹǺͻطã
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷһƬᶨ
ȣԺ
׹ΪңѰа
Сӣ
˵
ţ
㶡
Ժ߱񽣲óˣȻ
صĽš
Ϊʲôã
˱ã÷ƺܲ⡣
߱ܵͷѾ᲻ˣͨ鱦֣Ҳһս
ʵӳɵܣңǸЩĻ˿ʵܻȫ

ǣҪѪô
ƿǼǵãڵʱûʱԼҲβ
˭֪ͨ۱һ˻Ϊͨ鱦ٲΪͨʥѵΪЩ۾ˣϲɣ
Ҳǡ
뵽Ǹʮϣһǽ¸˷ϡ
˾ȥ֮Ҫ֮նɱ
ӽָڴ˳
ԷĿǰʵǿߺеаУʵ̫ȫˣңҪͨ鱦Ϣǿ߶ӵǸʱ򣬾ͨ죬Ҳȫ
š
صĺ˿ѹе֣䣬Ŵ󲽣ȥ


429 һ˵ı
֮ڣһľһӰСĵڴš
ף
ƵĽŲΪһӨ˸˸Сͣ˹ȥС𣬡ⲻô
СݣȻũҩ֮ϼصϡ伶ҩ֮һ
ˣƺԥľͽ̷֮ȥũҩ֮ϣָƵҩԡ
⼸ҩԣͬ˶衣
ûҩʹģ˵òʱΣǰʹ࣬ƽӡɽ֮£Ѿˡ
֮ڵһУ޾µķչû˸Ҵ룬һЩҩҲʵ
Ͻ͵ңΧӦûв١
š
һϲĴ
ȱҩĲ䣬϶ǲδõĻˣΪ˲˷ʱ䣬ͫɨ£Ѱҩࡣ
ᵽͫĺôˣ
ǣ˵Ľ֮вҩ
Ȼҩټϡ伶ҩǵǲ٣һʱѰҵʮ֮࣬ͨҩֱѾͻλ
õķƸп֡
ĽôôһȻıأ
һ˵ı⣡

֮⣬ʱĴܶƺѰʲôһ㡣
Ѿˣ˵ǿԻȥ˰ɣ
һԵЩͷˣֵ˵š
Ҳüͷ
ǰѾˣʥˣǴʱҲΪһ˰ɣ
Ǿͻȥɡ
һϢΪǿӣ΢΢ҲǴӦ
ٵȥȷûʲô˼ˡ
ţ
ת֮ʣصһӰٵ֣õƤһ
֮죬Ȼ߳ˣ
ֱ޷Լ۾
ڵģЩɣǲѾˣ
ȵȣ
һ䣬˲˳Ŀ⣬ǿǵӰĴڡ
СӣҼǴǸص󣡡
һָŷµ
Ȼһ£ô
ǸΪߵӳš
ף
˶ΨΨŵŵģȻܾӡ

ףô
棬ûмʮڣüͷ
˵Ǻ£ʮ֪Լӵͨ鱦ǴȥǿҪµġ
ˮھͿô
ڷƵǣֳһĨЦ֣ɫСպ
Ѿѣָ侧汸˵ɱһ𣬾Ҳɱ
ٺ٣ǼСòҪ㶯ְˣ
ΪϷʵڷƵԺ
ʱѾأϵľҲѾɢˡ
أھʲôģ
ţ
Ʊǳ˹ȥԼ
һ۾ͿΪߵǸϣΪϴȥˮڵʱӾվʮԡ
ʦ鷳ˡ
һ
֮ڣΪ˶ԸʮϣѾǧ侧ڷڵĽָڡ
ٺ٣³֮СҪһöιС
ţġ
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǴӦ
˿Ҫܾ˵һöȫҲԥķϡ
һֱǵһ㣬ԼһУȫͣԼǸӹŵ꣡
ֻϹҪİɣ
ϣӨ˸˸һɰƣ˳Ŵ󲽣Ǽɫ㵵ȥ
ô£
Ϊ׵ǸɫҲǱķǳѿ
һ꣬ʱɢƣѾԽԼˣ
Ŀɿڴѹ֮£ҲûС
ѵת
ôһͷһƬ֡
Ƭ֮ʬѪ룬ĳһƣЩʬƷɣ׽֮ڡ
Ҳ֪ǲ㣬һģ
صһ䣬ˮڷȥ

¡¡
һ죬ˮڵһαˡ
ʲô˵Ҵˮڣ
ƿһӰĴ˳ķ֮ǽһ㶡
㣡
һϴڳɫһĿɨܣȴûзֳصټʵʲô
ǰĴӣ˵ɫǲÿ
ֱڴˮڵ
ʮϹ
ƸڰգЦĮĻ³
ʮѾǸˣ㻹Ҫ㲻ô
ڳˮڵǸ˻޷޲ƽĵŷơ
Ǿ³أͶˣ


430 аż
ϳ֣ʮȻûҴĿܡ
һȥľ۷ʮϱǱųǸͰƴӣȫžˮҲ¶ֵɫ
ǹѹʱȻ쵽һëȻѹ
λߵѹ
޷ţΪôһһ꣬Ȼܱܡ
ȥ֪ԼûǸʸ
үү
һӶ˫ĿᣬûгȥֱӴӺɽߡ
ʮϵ
үүһ㱨ģ
ϡļԼүүȥʱԼ˵Ļ
Ǹһͨ鱦
ٿΪԼɱǣͨ鱦Ǹܺõͻƿڣ
赶ɱˣ

ԶСԶأһҰϷ
ϵĽָӨâ˸ӨӨ֮ɢ˳۳һԾӰ
ȷǳ١
ɨ˷һۣϸ΢Ц
꣬ųģųɳģĽС
ȷȵԼǿ
ٺ٣
һ䣬ƱЩ˼ͷھ˷ɫ
ҿͼǲô档
˵ţҲЩڴ
ۣ
Ƶ˵ͷɫһ࣬һɱϢ籡ۿʼ

ڵһʱǳˣֱϵļ⣬һ߸ߵ¡һѪܣ̾ϣͬõֱ۸һϢ
ţƤѿһƬƬƬڷǵĴĿ£ֱ˳յ£ɫһֻһеӾ
ǣ
תƱǳһ׶ߵľʯ۱ȥ
¡
һը죬ʯֱӱѿʯĽҳ
ٺ٣
ɫľ죬Ǹ߸
˼顣
ֻƬɢűϢֱۣϸп
ֱֻܸ̺֮ܵȻûдﵽĵزǣѾ۷塣
⻹ֻǴѣ
ˣɡ
ϵ˵ͷпϵۣʵͼأ
ٺ٣Ҫʦһ¡
ƺЦһһ۱һµͼŴ˳Өתȫÿһλá
Ŷ
Ϻܿ˹Ȥ˵ҵҪԿˣ
Ϊ˷ƹ㣬һʼϱܴ˹ȥƺ
ڶΣܣֻЩƣ˿СѪش˶ѡ
Ƕ似Ҳܷ
ٴۡ
ʦͼɲֹǷҲܷ˿Ӱ죬ң֮ڵ֮Ҳܷ
ũҩϵҩԣƱǻָڽ˵
֮Ҳܷ
һпͼ֮䣬ûܷĹڹż֮ϣйأĹ䣬ǴأȻδҲȫˣȥ۾ȷΨһһ顣
ٺ٣
ƺЦһȥϵͼ֣óһݸˣ˵ʦһöι
ţˡ
ϽӹУϵϾοʱ䣬ߵһѾ൱Ĳˡ
ٺ١
ڷǰƻͷڨЦ
ѾǵΪԼĳˡ
㣬ȻҲС
ȻΪʲôԭаģΪʲôŽصġ
ΪԼѾˣϧ಩
õҲЩж
ҹѾﵽ۷˰ɣ
ֻɨһۣ˱Ƕ˷һС
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ
Ǿͺðˣȥҵ쾧Ϳֱӽ۷ˡ
˵ţõķЩ
쾧ôõô
ô
ķԹģһ㶣ЩЦõʵòȥЩ֮ȥѰ˰ɣЩôܻ쾧أ

㶣ɻĿˣʵʦ𣬳˼֮أҵ쾧
侧ģ
Щûʵ
һЩ԰
ëϡ
˵ţһ۾ɵԲѵëڻг쾧ɣ
ΪأȻϳ侧ΪξͲ쾧
˰һۣ͵ʳڣСż֮ڣȻʲôöǣаżǴ½ż֮һǰĵ޾ǿߣȻ쾧ˡ


431 ɱŰ
аż½ĻĹս֮һĻĹŴܣĹʥҲ˲١
аż꣬ҲΪ½֮һû˸ҽȥдţĴڣ
ż֮ڣ⻪죬Ԫ£ֱԶԶȥżǴ˵ɾһ㡣
˵ܱȼ֮أ쾧Ҳʲôܵ£Щë֮ڻĹʱڴʹõͨ鱦
һУǻԵʹȻ
ҲΪˣʯʦĵλҲʹ󻡶ȵˣ

ëϳ쾧
ӿһĨɫ
֮أ쾧ǣ½ǿƣܵȵԼëϣǾͲͬˡ

аż½ż֮һͨ鱦Ҳܿ˵ܿ쾧ô
ϰһۡ
ͨ鱦Ҳܿ
ԣһѿڽг
ߣĹżô򵥡
һĿԶĿһƺʲôһ㣬Сӡ
ʦ𡣡
º͵ӣһů
ѾĳɳˣΪʱҲѾˡ㣬Ѿܶһˣ
ǰ꣬ھο
ʦ𡣡
һһɲõԤС
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦģҺõĺܣֻǡұȥһЩ飬ԣҪ뿪һʱˡ
뿪
һЩ
ţһ꣬ꡣ
ϵ˵ͷƲֵģ΢ЦȰοܿ͹ȥˣʱ䣬ȥаųǣе쾧ʱһҪһ𾳽ķƣ𣿡
ܣ
Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷ
һ꣬һҪ
ڿν¾㱸ֻǷˣֻҪ㹻쾧׾٣
ƾڵУֻǵؼ׶ѡ
ҡҡͷ㵽аųǣѡëϣҲܼﵽףͿȥˡ
ţϸϸĽѡʯļɣʲôëϿ侧ʲôֻʲôֻ쾧û˿ı
лʦ𡣡
ھǸж
Щ޼۵ģ
š
ϵ˵ͷһУڷϵöӵĽָǴָ룬ˣʧ
ʦ𡭡
Զȥ⣬ƵĿ⻺Ҳʧģ
˻ǳаųǵķжȥ

ڣСڷ贫һ¡
һ꣬Ϊһ࣬ȴӵͨ鱦ң˻
ͨ鱦ǿǴ˵еĶЩڴڣҲ֮ڵҲ
ԣϢȱʱ˶ûôᡣ
ǣһѵƷǹǰʱ˳Ĭˡ
ƷҲնƷǣԲ룬⻬һƬǱ쵶гĶһ㡣
ͨ鱦Ϊ
һжϡ
һ׷ɱĴϷˣһЩڴɵӵҲ׷׼׷ɱУУ𾳽ǿߡ
ͨ鱦ĶˣһЩһҲע
ΪǻǴڰŰɵ״̬
Ͼͨ鱦˭ôɵԣֻǴ״̬ѡ
˻Ǳв޵̬ĴѰϵꡣ
һΪ˵ѹ

ڰĴֵУϤϤ쳹ĴӰζ
СǱȥˣ
һȣмʮ˶ǳһȥģǱһһ㡣

ưһһ̤ǲòȥ
Դӽһ֮Īıһ˲סֱӺɱȻֻڣÿγֶǼʮˣû취ֻ·ˡ
ٺ٣ȥ
վס˷Ƶȥ·Ǳʮ˰Χ

ƺ˿ɨһܣֻǰһΪĶΪھ磬ʱд󶨡
Ϊ׷ɱң
Ƴʵ
벻ͨԼʶЩˡ
ٺ٣Ϊʲô
һ׳ٺһЦ۾һãСӣʶͽͨ鱦ǻһȻͱǲˣ
ͨ鱦
һȴһƽҲ֪˵Щʲôɱҵģô
ۣ
򣡡
ɱһƽŲǲֳ֡޷桯չѪȵɱŰھˣǰûзһ߳񣬲ӰӶһӰԵȥ
ϾʣӣڵŻ꣬翴һħһ㣬ھǾ֡


432 а
ģֳֳűϢǴӵ߳ʹߡ
˵ɣô£
ǣ¶һĨѪĻȣĮĻõһ

һӲ̱ڵأзĽ
ȥ
ǸΪ׵ӣԪڳ壬ֳһƷŷƳɱ˹
򣡡
ʮ˲ʹǲһ̤ƵͬӰһ˳ȥ

ɭֹסĿڲѪţղʵĵȥ
˭Ը˵
һֵӣǣĻ˵
ôԸ˵
˵
˵
˷Ӧǰһһʮ˵˳
ǲף겻һླôΪ۷ǿ¸ûзһǿ߶նɱ
ͨ鱦
ԡ޷桯ĳ̶ȣȷôһЩͨ鱦Ӱӡ
ͨ鱦ꣿ
ɫ䣬â˸˸һɱϢ屬˳ɷڳ壬õɫҡ
ͨ鱦ϢԼĻȥⲻҪԼô
ͨ鱦˭ܵջ
һͷƱ뵽ˮڣ
϶߱ˣ
аޣԼ̫Ĵˣûնݳ
ˡ
ϲߣǳһˣԼû취ڴʱŵˣǺܶ࡭
ߣҥ
һһͨ鱦ôõã
ӾֵĿֻ֨ǣ˫۾Ƿеġ޷桯棬˵ⲻô
ߣѵǱҲֱ治ô
һ޷桯ֱָһˣɭϢõǸӺëʱһ亹ȴǷַûɱԼ˼õ΢΢ġ
⡭ȷͨ鱦
ϸĴһ޷桯Ԫȥ̼δԵĴڣһֻһͷ
ƭˣ
һҲȷ֮˶һۣǿЦ
޷桯ֻǼƷѣ
ϵɫǲźۼ䣬ջˡ޷桯˵ҲɱǣϣȥתЩˣҪܼ˹ƻ˸ңһһʣɱ⣡ô
ˡ
һϲû뵽Ȼһ

ŷһȣ뿪
ˮڡ
Ƶ۾Уȥ
˺죬ƹʼʩԽԽ˴ƭϢͬ˳һ˳ȥ
вͨ鱦ֻбƷѡ
ȻϢҲ
꣬һΪնɱʮ۷ǿߡ
ֱۣ꣬һȭܺ䱬۷ͷ­һǿҲ¡
꣬һླ磬նɱʮڣһ
ɽ꣬ǿȫһ֮ȫˡ
ʮϢõаΪ֮𶯡
һʮ꣬һΪѣı£
һΪնɱ۷壬ڴɵŵǣҲĵǣΪնɱ𾳽ˣûĵ
ڣǾĴڡ
˵ߣǾ֮ĴֻĴлߵľ硣
ǣڴɵǲˡ
ǵķͷ
һһˣƾʲôƾʲôԼ
Ǻǽ
һСӶѣһֻ־ѹ
һ࣬һƨܱü
˼ҷʲô˲ģֳһ
ԷڵͷҪܼ򵥣ǽ֮ڽŵ£ķһֱûǽĸˣ˵Լ޵УƱһĲֵⶶָնɱһ㡣
һᣬ꣬а
ĺûᣬǿɲడҲΪͨ鱦ŽЩĿһ飬Բ˽ĺ䶯ЧӦ
ûлƺʧһ㣬õЩŵЩȤ
ûĴܣһжǿջѣԣҷƵĳ
а

һͨĿջڣһ䣬һںڵˣֻһ˫¶⡣
ڵֳ˵ˡ
ջڵһͬ˵
ڵ󣿡
˻˵ʮ꣬Ѿ۷ˣʱܽ𣡡
ͬ龪
û󣡡
˵ʲôˣ
ͬĸȤʵ
ʲôǸص£аĸŲһս
Ӻ˿ھƲ˵


433 һ֮
Ǽʱ䣬ɵŵӣһЩǷԼ
Ŀһ£սص꣡
ڵ󣬸е
ľͲ˵ˣʮ֮䣬ͽ۷壬һܿĲңҲйļ¼
ܹƵһڸĵӣ
һ٣
ڵڸ󣬻֮ܳΪģδĳɾ;Ҳң֮ΪǾ˵Ϊܵˡ
ܴǾ˵ҲΪܵ
˵ĻҲǺģϾһλ


ڿջڵķƣƳһĻȡ
ЩڴɵǣСʻгģ񱻷ƵͷѹȻвޣǣûԽô֣ƵԽаڵҲ֪ôһصڡ
һΪնɱһڵڵЩҲûĵģһ꣬ܲע
ԭݺƣ˭֪ȻɾҪѪȴûκεİ취
Ҳţ϶ͨ鱦ģֻڸ˶ѣһҵ֤ݵģ
Լүү˵ǼٻеĶѵĳǹһ

˵ˣ겻˵ˣͨ鱦֮˵Ŀ⣬ȻΪԼѣһЩ£Ȼֹأܿ˵ߣʵһ
һߺžƣһ˵š
˵мֵô¡
ļͬǵͷ
һնɱȷǲܵ顭
һˣôܹȫһ
ԲɶŰ
ջڵ˶۷׷ףҪĹơ
Щӣ
ڿջһǣһϮ۵ķƣ˵䣬ֳһζĻȡ
󣬲ķ˵ӣЩţ£޹ʹֻӴȶѣ˵ģǾͲͬˣǷƲ֣Ǿ͵ĬԼˣ
ϵˣصģǾԼ
УɾҪ
⣬츳Ʋڽ£ԳǲǵȴƵĽ޾á
ջڵЩˣѾģǷĲ֣ǾͻΪ档
ôҳ棿
ԭҲںνתһ룬ϸֳһĨаȵЦ⡣
ڴɵӵܣӦòȱ侧ɣ
뵽һǳõķƷʽ
Щǽеôڿ죬ΪƵĲӦѾԽԽƿˣʱ侧Ϊľ֣Ȳܾһӵɣ
Ȼϵ侧й򣬵˵аųЩķսңֻ侧
ҪȥֵĻǿҪѲٰ
˺õĻᣬõһҪһʵ뷨
һ侧һְɡ
ţƱվȥ
ǵȼ졭
ƲҪǼԽǼǾԽ棡
ѰѰˡ
һˣҲ֣ҵ֣ΪԼʵ㹻£κˣһ侧һ֣
ŵԣʱȻ󲨣ڴɵŵǷ׷ţƿڴЩڵĵЦ
һĪ꣬Ȼ˵ֱаһⲻ˵Լһһô
һ侧Ȼ٣Ƕڴڴ˵ʲô£ǿص
ӿʼչڣѾʲôͨ鱦ˡ
ǣаһһ֮
һˣ˭룿
ڵҲ׷עˣһ˵ͷѾǵעˡ
ǣʼˡ
Ҳû뵽аһһ˵ᣬȻͱԼôˣⳡսֻһӲˡ
ûеǣ෴ģƺ侧ͬһ

ͳǣΪа֮һΧɲںʳ֣ÿʮϵ
̻ǿɹ۵ģԣͳڵĸ߼ǿǲ٣һЩڳĵӣΪԵԼݸ߹ǿܣӲ˵ĵطס
һΪľ¥ڡ
¿еˣôһ֣ͣˡ
û˭Ҳû뵽ᷴһǲЦ
һһ˰
¥ڵˣ⡣
Щʵ̫˼ˡ
ΧĻưͣڱһâϷҪˣ


434 ߵ
ৣ
ƽϵĺ۳սָ¶һһ΢ЦĳŹ̨ȥ
ҪһϵȵĿͷ
һ侧һ
̨ƹ˵ţͷҲû̧
һ侧һ
ǲźۼĳ˳顣
ʲôͷסһʮң˻ˣ

֣óһ侧ݷڹ̨ϣаһҪӱЩһﻹ
ΪԼݣջסôҪһ侧һ
ʮŷ䡣
ƹһľƣľƵݸƵʱһۣǵȥͷ̧ھһƬ㵣ڳҲЩģ˵㡭ǸǸ𣿡
òĻʹˣСڶ˹Ĳ棬ԣƹһ۱ϳ˷ơ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦľƣǳž¥ĺԺȥ
ˣ
ãƹǷӦ˹һǳ¥ȥ
ֻһͷصˣ
ǼʱϢǴͳǣȺ׷׳¥˹뿴ĸԳһһ˵꣬׳ʲô
űľ¥¥ϰһӣֵ۾гһ졣
߼Ҳи߼Ѵ
ȣ߼ֹһңңҲ㲻õģԣЩ߼ڣҪôţų״̬
ֳǾǴδйġ
׬ˣƬѹѹͷǿһ侧һ㣬˼һƨƨߵĳźԺȥ
ֺλүˣ˿϶ߵһʣ

ˣ
ƲϴһʵĴϣűǱˡ
˭
λү¥ϰ壬ô
Ӻǹ˵š
£
ƴ˷ţһֱԼӣüͷ΢΢壬Ǻܿ˵
ʧʧˡ
ӺܿǷӦ˹һƬȡ
ôһͨ꣬ô
Щţңϣ˿ûиܵŵӵʢ˵ĸ߰
ģҾԸΪүṩѵķүԸסþסãһѣ
˵ţóһ侧ݵϡ
Ŷ
üͷһ
Ȼֺ£¥Ǳߴܿ˹
Ӻͷԣ
Ȼס죬֮ڣκ˴ңô
ǡ
ԵЩΪˡ
ЩŵŵӣɲԼ¥ϰܵģȻԼҲк̨ЩڴȰ
˵˵ģ׼侧ʱ䣬һһһᣡ
лүлү
˵꣬ӵǧл֮£¹˷š
ȻҪ֣Ǿһģ
ôġ
죬úܶ˸ˡ
ǹֳһĨаȵЦ⣬»ص˴齣ó侧ʼ
侧ȻĲ࣬ǣܱȴҪĿ졣
ңоܾѾҪͻƵļˣԼǧ侧ǾͿͻƵؼнˡ

ڸߵĳˣ
ھͳǵһҸ߼¥¶סˡ
Ϣһɵﻹ͵ס׷׶Ǵ侧žͳǸһ˵ͷһ㡣
ʱ䣬аĿ⣬ǼͳǣһЩڵĵҲš
ǲ֣Գݡ
ֻЩɵĵҲ磬óȻ֣ӮˣҲûʲôԵݵۣΪصǣȻԸⴳ˻ˮ
һεУӮˣôͻһδ󻡶ȵǸʱٽ֮ڽ£ǲҪģ
֮εһ˵汻ǲƽϢˡ
Ϊ߸ϵԣҪľʻûǻжûˡ
ǣͳǵʱ򣬱ǵ֪һߵϢ
ǼһﾹȻҪԼЩ죡
õܲŭ
ԼˣڸԵ֮ڣǶһţƽʱǸ߸ϣǿƣǸӣھȻ˱Ÿ룬жôߡ
СӳңȻһѻ¥
ȵһŵӽˣӿȥƣһ仰
ˣ춼Ȳˣߡ
ˣȲ
Ļõĸ޷ζըˣȴ˵ʲôԼĺݻȥȴĵ


435 Ϸ
ƸߵĸߵľٶʱиɵӵĲŭգΪҧгݣ޲ֱӴȥס
ǣǲܡ
ΪͻᱳϲҡˡȲ𡯵
Ϊ˵ɱﵡ
ԣˣ
ͬҲǷҪģҪڳǵŭ𣬲ŻԹԵ侧Լ
һϷҪݰ
ϣƵͫâ˸˸ֱž¥
ȻĻ۷ĸŵһˣʮ۷壬ȷǲɶõˣ
ңѾʮˣȴһ࣬ⲻ˵һô
츳˵ǲڷƣ෴ģʤ֮
ֶ˵ǾͲˣͼѹǣ
ԣҪϷ
ܲܽһɣڴˣҲˡ
ԣҪǡ

á⼸ھͳڸûͣÿһˣǶһͨȻ޷޵ȥ
죬ʮɵŵӸˣʱľͳǣǧΪֵʱ̡
Ҫʼˣ
ϵ滺ɢȥ۾ھһ
ѾȲô
ž¥⴫һаȵĻȡ
侧ˣ
õķƲòпˡ
һЩˣԼû侧ô
һϴֲڵϴˢһƱǴ˳ȥ
ůϣõ۾
Ǹ

СųǲСȻô˵һ
ɶСӣҵ죬ڻҪȣ
ȻῴҲúõʰ
¥ſվʮ꣬Ǹǰڳ壬ȥҲһ˲ţǿֵģЩƻЩֵø
СأôϽȥ
һŻεӺǳ
ү˵Ϳˣģͷ
ȫǺˮһӵǣоǿˮ
Ǯ治׬ţ
Щûһǵģһش𲻺ãǾһٳõп಻
ͷ
Ǹбۿĵ˵ͷֵǮ
˻õкݺݵĳ˳飬ֵϣǶֺõЦݡ
ߵȾ¥ⷽľ
˵СӲǳû˰ɣ
һ˵һ䣬õľ֤
ˣ¥ͱˣһ˵գ
ˣһ취ӵģ
ˣǾ桭
ǵĻõǺ£з࣬ȴ޿κΣֻܹ
֨£
ԺűˣһӰ߳
һòΪͨ꣬Ÿͨ¿ĵĵط
һΪңԵʣ
ֻһۣڳ˱㶼Ϊ磬üͷ
һͨ꣬ܽ۷˵Уնɱһǿߣܳڶǿߵȫһ
˶ɻ
ʱ˶뵽˵
Ǹ֮ͽѣ
ڣĿƺѾﵽˣ˵аڣûĸһܴĹ
ôһˣȻаһսǿֱһЦ
Զ
٣
һСĵĶһ˵š
Ȼᣬֵֵҳ֡
Ű£һº͵Ц⣬ȴһΨҶİ

лΪܵĺѡܻƵڸ츳Ϊܵļʸߴɡ
ܣǿǸڵĵڣӵһλܣŵĵλͻἱڰǰʮ
ԣһֱǽ֮ɱڹţҪ󣬾֮Ҳ쵽
˻³ˣ룬Ǹʲôأ
ĿˣԴǵıԣ

ϣͦ
һ˫˫㵵Ʋźۼǡ
ʮ侧
ƹģ׼ͣ
һԵ˵һ䣬ƺһ˫˫Ŀ⣬ֱһԵȥ
֮ĵôǶԹˣǲ˼һûأҪ鷳ǵһˡѵҪ۸һû͵ô
԰㣬ˣ
Ǹ۾Բɣ
ԼģҲһˣ
ǸǴ⣬ȻһҪ


436 һ֮
ǵķŭδ˹Ŀʼ
ľٶΪЩǵŭϣһưͣǽһ˿Ҳȼոɾ
ôһ꣬˵ĵΪаһȫˣȻڻĵ㲻֮ݵЩһ˾ûһ߱ġ
ڼΪܼǣȴû˸վ˵Լǵһˣǲ£ĸȻĴʼɡ
ǲվıǸߵλãرһûκαꡣ
ˡ
һԵĸɾëĨĨͣƲǻվһ˫˫۾΢Цʵ˭
ң
ʮڵţͬĺ
ǿԣҲһΪļһǿ϶ǲһԣ˭Ҫȡ
Ϊǲǵõڶˣȴסһ
ܲһϰɣ
޹ʼ磬һתɣ˭Ķ˭Σ
֪ΪΣĨǳǳЦ⣬ɵһ
һһǧ侧
һǧ飡
һǧ飡
顭
Ȼ侧Ϊ㣬ǣҲÿЯɣҲΪƿĵߡ
侧
һŻǰֱӼһ侧ʱ˵Ŀ⡣
бҸߵô
ɨܣޱȵĵ⡣
ߣ
ΧһǴŨŨĵ⡣
ʧˣ
ٺ١
˿ЩĿ⣬ֱŷ˵أõĳ侧ô
û˵õĳ侧
һ޹ĵ˵˭Ըĸߣ˭ҵĶʲ䡭Ȼ㲻ԸǾˡ
ĺڵֶΡ
һ侧Ļ
㣡
۾һɣΧһ˫˫۾صĺһĵ˵һ侧õĳô
ⲻõ֤ô
֣޷桯Уɭâ
Ʒ
ȻֻǼƷѡ
Ĳͨ鱦жٻЩʧ
ͨ鱦˭Ҫ
ߣ
صĺһתǳųмıԳȥ
ҪĿ֮½ڽŵ£

һ˺ƺƵ˱ԳصʱѾˣѹѹһƬҲʮˡ
ϵ̨ǿտһƬȻΪŵġ
һ˴˽еĿ⣬Ǽǵϡ
죬㵣ɻ󣬳Ц̬
ЩĿ⣬ȫ֮ӣϣǴŵЦ⡣
ৣ
ǸȲֱ̨ŷƺȵս
ȵȣ
ƻߵ̨ǰ˵š
ô㷴ˣҸ㣬ˣ
һǳ
˭˵ҷˣ
Цӯӯڻȱһ֤ˣȻһô죿
㣡
ŭĿԲɣֱ
ⲻ˵Լô
Σ
һ쳹ȥ˱Ǽһ΢΢ЩڼӢ䲻Ĵӵ£˹
ǹ
ҲˣкϷˣ
ѵʥҲע⵽ô
ĴһЩ
аĴǣȫǹаʥƹܣȻҲаʥǲ
꣬аʥ֮ˣǰŵĵǶٶһЩ
֪֮еģܽʥ֮ˣÿһǶǾ޴½ţԼܱȡ
ٿҲɶѣ
ĹעͬʱҲ˵аĴҲע⵽ˡ
һһ֮
£ֹڴˣǻһֱȥˡ
ˣСӾͶлˡ
ΧľҲ֪ӵͷֵл
Ϊ֤ƺܷġ
ǺǣҲе¶ѡ
ֱǰ꣬ҲǺΪľ
ȻãԼЩ͸ꡣ
ҲǴɡ
ľãǱ濴ȥƽ
ԼɵЩӵܶҲЩɫȴһݡ
ⲻһģ
˸һöָ꣬鿴һ˱̨
ڣһ֮Ҫʼˣ
һὫڽµģ
ݺݵ˵š
һӻѾˣ
ô
ƲΪƲƲǣõŭʤ
׼ô
ţţ
ǾͿʼɣ
Ļ£ŻǳŷƳɱ˹â˸˸ͬһһ㣬޼᲻ݣɱһС


437 Ϸˣ
̨ϣâɭȻĵذҲγһۼӲĵذˣҪϣ֪
ɶ񣡡
Щ΢΢ͣվڶһ΢Цķƣҧгݣֻ֪ʲô£ųбͣӲһ
Ƶǲ׷ϣõΪŭ
Ҳʵһ֡
Ц˵˿Ϊ⡣
㣡ɶ񰡣
˫һץһɫĳǹɫĺΪӵĹô
ǹ
ǹһɭİâǹͬһ˷̨
ۣ
ƹֽţ̨϶ȥʱʱıУʹ졣
˷󣬳һ˫˫ڳʧ
棬Ĵԣǲŵģ
ôһ꣬ܶԿʮͬ׵ڣնɱһǿߣҲĲ
̨ϵĹֽǼҲЦĵĿӰ
ɷϣٶȵȷǷǳټ
似ǿǼΪϡеģҺͣҪ˵츳
һ֮ˣ
ԵһмƲƲ졣
ô
ϴһĨĪЦ⣬Ʋһۣû˵ʲô
ǿ棬ȷǸ꿴ȥû˿ķһʼͱ׷Ŵֻܿ似żֵڡ
ǣϸ΢Ĺ۲Ļ귢֣Ǹڣûһ˿κεͬһƽˮ棬û˿Ļҡ
ƺֻϷˣֶѣ
ͻȻðͷõĹ΢΢һ㶣ԼҲ֪ΪΣֻǣֱܲ򵥡

ɶ񰡣ɶֻ󣡡
һֱ׷֣ŵ֪۾ɱ˵ĻƾѾǧٿˡ
ųǹĳһӰţ̨ϵĵذŪһƬǽ壬һĺۼ̨ûм黹ġ
ڣ
âһһǲӰһ˹ȥ
ȭ
ؾڶֱؿڣ飬ѵ쳹ѪɣڻһƬãţһһɭĳʱɫҡ
ˣ
Ƶ˵ţһĨм
츳³ϼˣǣ̫̫߰ˣһζĹûκεķ׼ű͵Ϯɹ
ȻΪǲܸҹԼġ
꣡꣡
°ѾʵڳϲϵһŵϴھһƬ㵵ɫ
̨ϵľת̫죬õǸûܷӦԭݵ꣬ͬǸͬСһֻˣȴǻʤ
ôܣ
޴ķõ޷ܡ
ӮˣӮĺɣͷβֻһαŵ˶֣
л侧
ζĻõһ˲ʱоȻӿһĪĿ־
ֻϷˣԼˣ
һʼͼƻˣһһĵԼЩǵŭõԼʧأԹԵ侧
̨һ˫˫ĵĿ⣬ЩĻûŭ෴ģоȻһϧ֮顣
˰˱˵ȦףȴȻδ֪
ߣ
صĺһʲôֱųȥ
ÿҲ֪Щ˱ذܣ
Ƶһȭͷ׵Ʊ಻õķֽһĴ
һͨһô
Բǣ
пܴʵģնɱ
ԽԽĺԶͣҪЩԼ˵³
ϲʤ
ϴЦ⣬öָУĿ
˵굽ûʵ͸ղŵı֣֤Ĳˡ
ȷһоƿ֮У
л
Ͼϲ⣬Ľӹöָ
侧ôˣЩŵ侧Ҳʵ̫׬ˣ
Сӣս㣡
Щһӵϣһǧ徧εȨ
ΣȻܹʼʩǲӱȭʹ򣬽һǫ̃̄
ֵĴϿֹ꣬ƺӵв׵ҡƺбĶڡ
ؼô
һĨâ
ֻ࣬õķƶ˾ն
ʮĸˣʮǧ徧
һҵţڿЦ꣬˳Ĭˡ
ѵʵģ


438 ս
ʤʮ
ʮŵӵһ©İ¡
һʼûΪʣҲһླЩǵĶ֡
һ֣ʤ
ڶ֣ðɣҲʤ
֣
ʮľ֣ƺʤ
ɺϵ飿ʮͬʱʧ֣
ǲܵ顣
ÿһܵţҲеԭ򣬲ʤǸȷлԼʵңĿǰľƺ
ûжȫ
ţиĪ겻ǿԴ󣬶ǵȷӵоԵʵ
һླΪնɱ
ֻ룬Ǳһ
ɱԼѾһˣ
ϵȺҲ޷ʱԼеʮȶĽǳ֮ġ
Ǵû꾹ȻӮ
ʢ֮µûӹţ
ġ츳̫ˡ
ϲϲ
һЦ⣬ŷƹֵϲ
ʮ侧һʲٵĿˣ
Ǻǡ
ƺȻһЦ޵⡣
Ӳóû侧ˣΣͷˣ侧쾧ˡ
ֻǣǲ֪쾧Ǹʲôλ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ɶļһ
һ빨̸ЦķƣһŵվȫǶ񶾡
ҪһҪ
жѵĳǹųмȥʱͣ˽Ų

ܲҵ֮⡣
һ꣬Լʮ߰꣬һ´ӳܿм䣬һº͵Ц⣬ŷƿ佱

һƬ
ڵ󣡡
ȻˣкϷˣ
ഫླʱնɱһһˣ֪Ǽ١
Ƶڸӣ⵽ġ
ܳΪܵ˰
һƬ֮
ɼҲһ
ЩϵЦŨˣü֮䣬ɢһ˵İȻɫ
ǺǣǽҶѣ΢עһ㣬ܵĿܾˡ
һҲƤЦⲻЦĻһ䡣
ǰһЦİ꣬ԲʲôˣǶλ֪ܵ
һǱڰصĶߣ
ЩɵǸΪ¡
ǱƳԼȻøɵӴǰ棬ԼˣڣԼʤˣʵͷˣˡ
֪
̨ȻʵĳΪ֮ǰĺǸˡ
΢Цųŷƹ˹֣ＫΪǶ겻ĺһ㡣
޷޷
Ҳǰڳһź
׵꣬ҲǴһĨ޵Ц⡣
ˣûһǼ򵥵ˣ
ֵ֣ܼչЩ֪ɷȫ
˺Ʒ֮

ԵЩΪѣ£ʵˣҪȥЪϢˣհɣ˵
˵ţ˹֣תųȥ
ûô飬˭
侧ΪˣΣ
洫ͣס˽ŲתһЦ˵ô˼أ
侧
Ȼһ÷ҲΪ֮ľڣ⻹ܵķΧ֮ڡ
Ǻǣ˶ѡ
ҲƤЦⲻЦкֿͬս񣬵ȻҪֵ鰡
ŲţǶ鴫ѣ֣ɱºְ
ư˰֣˾ôһ·˵ţ̨ȥ
ȻҪһսô
ص̫ˡ
ܻ͸ˣ֮ڣΪһˣʵˡ
ķƾȻҴӦһսȫǱһЩ֮
ʵǿʹˣʵʵģһֻ꣬Ϊͨ鱦ԲŽĿ⼯϶ѣʵ˵硣ΣԶۡ
ܻ˶ţ츳ҲȷʵͣҪΪаһһ˵ĻǾЩˡ
ϾڵţѾΪ˸ߵĴڣ
껹ӮˣôЩǿҲ֣Ͼһ˵ţ̫ջˡ
˵ֱֻۣ֪ɷһۣ
վڷƵĶ棬Ӿâ˸ϵƻһڳ𣬽ΧĿռҲǵЩŤ
ǻԵˣ
Ȼ⣬ҾԸ
˵ţһɱϢǴӶɷڱ
ۣ
һĿ֮·Ƶ۷˷츲صı仯

ڵһʱǱˣһ鼡߸ߵ¡֮࣬Ϣƣ⻺ѿһƬƬ˸ŰâƬ


439 ʤһ
˻
ȫֻһƬһ˫˫ھ𺳵ɫ
ǿʲô
һֱֻۣƣһƬƬͨͬʯһƬյҫ·ĺ⣬õƤֱ
ôܣеĹֱۣ
Ǿʲôѵؼ
ţѵе鶼ģ
һƬ֮˶δ뵽е龹Ȼģ
ֱۣʵĳǰ
⡭
ҲĿɿڴʶ㣬Ҳû֮°ôһֱ
⾿ô£
ھâ˸˸ҪƵۿƣãȴû˿Ч
ֱֻѪһ壬ƺɵġ
ѵĳؼ
û˿ĲҲֻôˡ
ƷٹȻš
һʼ;ΪȴǿʱǿһЩˡ
һԵЩɵҲɵˡ
֮ڳľһֱֻۣԼ˶սʱȻûϣǲǸûԼ˷ô
һʼչʵǻм˸ȥ
ţǸҡͷЦ
侧ѣ
Ҳ۰Լǲ̫ɵˣ侧˼ңҪ˼ŰԼһ٣
Щûˣ޴
Լһεģʱн˿ޣҲɣЩûжԼº֡

ǡ
ǳűϢֱۣͫ͵һⶶĪ
ԭҪƳѣ˭֪е췽ҹ̷ȻʵӾȻЩӦ
ֱֻܸܵͬˮһĶѾ۷ĳ̶ȣ
ģʵԼ
ţɫһأʵʵĿʼǰˡ
һս
ֹȻֵҲ˼˽ˡ
˵䣬һ
꣡
ڳ壬ƶһȦȦưΧתתΧĿռ䵴һۿɼĲƣ̨ϵĵذҲĽһƬ
ɼǲƵ¶ȸжߣֻһҲڻ
ɱ֮һ֡
¶̫ߣһǿҲ޷ƳҲƾ֣Żڵӡ
е˼
棬ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǱһĨζЦ⡣
⡮֡˵ȷģƳģǣӵͼķ˵ȴǿ
֡һʲô
ৣ
һǲƵӱǻһӰ˳ȥۣһȭ˹ȥȭ
ƣ
ҲǲŲæԪĳһơ
̣
һ죬ͬһĵ˳ȥƱŷϯڹȼ֮һϣȻڵ˴󲿷ֶҪ꣬Ҳͬһƺʱпܱѡ
ŵŵţ
Ӱ˿ȥһĽӡ
Ĳȴ󲽡
ȻȣһҪǿһ˿
˽Ǿ
̫ˣԭЩûжȫ
˻ܣܱˣ
˶Ϊ֮˰
۷׷ףǷӮⳡĵһ˵ͷɾʵˡ
ʮɵţⳡ棬һһı仯ն̾һ
һ̶ϵˣ
ڽЦ
ѾľүүҲһЩһм֮ȵģ
֮һֱҪƻЩŵţȻعͨ鱦ϢǸʱ򣬶ܴԼ꣬Щǿ϶᲻ֶεҪ֮ɱٶȡͨ鱦йޡ
Сһص
Ŀ⾼ɨŷƣ
ڣ˵ˣ֮ǰĻ
ǳ۹̫ˡ

Ȼǿ
˿ƽе𾪣΢΢µ
Լġ֡Σˣǰ꾹Ȼˣ
ôܻôߵķ
ǲһһѰ
ţƺּǰƺǿһȫˡ
ѵҲʵô
͵ĳ鴤˼Σ΢΢Щࡣ
ҾͲˣ
һ˫ҲͨһƬٴһץһɫĻ棬ǳŷ˹ȥ


440 켶
أأأ
ϣӰϵײһоϯ̨֮һƬǽ壬ذƷһһ㣬һСĿӿݣ̨
ϵ˶һ𺳡
겻˵ǰʵ
ʹˣԴƵһڸ֮Ѿǰһһˣ
ɱﵡ֡ǳһˣƾһֱԴڲ֮أڣȴ˷
ȷʲô似ؼܱԷΪ䣿
̣
һ죬ӰзɢĬĶվ
һȻΪ۵ĴڣһŨŨıϢħһ㡣
ȻȥҲûж⣬ֻǣһ˫ȴ΢΢Ķš
ʹİ
ͬްܵģݻһеľõ˫ֵĹܵ˴ˡ
ֹȻ紫˵ɱ۷ͬвˡ
ƽ˵ţƻĻָһƬɫơ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣֻеѡ
˵䣬ȫϢҲһɾ˵ƣ۶ϣµĵزѿһɲѺۡ
̸Ц֮䣬˶ǿɱУ

˫ֽһӡһͷɫ˫ֵӡ۶
໣
쳤Х𶯾ƲҲȾˣȫ¶Ҳٵ˲˵ҲЩŤ
ɱ֮һ˵ǵؼ߽׵似
ؼ߽ףȻƿصؼ߽׵似ˣǲ˵ʱͻһô
Ȼ£ھƿصؼ۷似ΪܵĿټһɣ
ϣ۷׷ס
Ҫӵдܵ似Ǳһܹܵ壬ȻᷴҲΪβԽնɱԭ
ΪڵʣܲǰԣܹԽˣǶ켶֮š
ؼ߽׵似ҲҪһƿأǣȴ۷ƿˣԣЩ˲Żôȡ
໣
Х˫Ŀͨ͸ǳŷƳɱ˹֮˻棬ظǱյһƬϺ죬ͬҽһɫ
ն
һ죬޷桯УһһŶأ𣬽һĨɭȻâֱӳͷ­¡
¡
һС͵ĢڱضΪ֮΢΢ζͬһ㣬ʱ䣬ƾ䣬쭷ŰʯУ˷ϯȥ
꣡
̨ԵּٵһʯƬϣ̶Ȼϵڡ
ɫ࣬˫һƣ̨࣬ģǻָһ쭷ϣֻǵһ΢Сѡ
¡¡¡
װڲϵ쳹һذ屻ֱӱ飬ĸ𣬶󱻽Ϊҳ
£̨ڵĳ˵ǰʱǶǵԲ۾Ҳǻſ
ư븡ϲʱһĨӨ⣬ЩŰľг䣬ͷ֮ڣֱһ룬һмơ
һߣһɫǳϺɫˮϵĵ䣬һ˫Ʋϵһӡһͨû뵽֮ڡ
һƻռϷ磡
ⲻܣҲƿһŵؼ߽׵似
ϴһ󾪺
ؼ߽似ܣһ̶ȵʣܹܵˣɣ
ǣ䲻ܴɵĴڣǶһ켶
ǣ˭˵һླˣƿصؼ߽׵似ˣ
Բܣ
켶Ҳླ磬̫Զʱ򣬲ƿ似
һ࣬ͼȥƿصģһĺܲң
ǰʵǣǸ꣬ˣһƿ˵ؼ߽׵似
ܣȻܹܵס
ǳ˱Ϣ꣬Ҳǲźۼĳ鴤˼Ρ
ȻƵľٶҲ𺳵
ĸˣôûκεķѵĸڵˣʥ̫ϧˡ
˸˸ϵɨŷƣƺҪ֮
似Ӧûؼ߽׵ĳ̶ȣֻЩ⡭
Ȼǿ˾նʽȫһ㱬˵ƻʵҲڵؼ߽似ˡ
ʱ򣬳ǷһЩ仯ıȣġ֡Ȼһͷŷֱɶȥ


441 Ʋɵ
໣
Х죬һһ죬ƽԺܲˣرǺ۶ɣƾѾ˵ؼ߽似۶ɵ
ͨһƬΧĿռҲյͨ죬Щϸ΢ĺɫѺۣԼģĲͬѰ
ףҡҷȵ˳ŷײ˹ȥ
ߣ
һߣһɾֱ£һȱ޾˦ͷ֮ϣͬʱһص̨ɢ·ֱӳһҽ
ȭ
ɾƸ߸ߵԾ޷桯ۣر׾ӿصײĺͷ­֮ϡ
̣
һը죬쳹أϵƲҲΪ֮ɢһЩûзΪ˶䶼Ѫ
¡¡¡
̨֮첻ϣⱬ䣬̨ΪһƬ𺣣ϵ谭һ籡Ļɽһ㣬ͨ͸ĻͳϿһƬ⡣
棬ϵ˶Ԫ֮£˶ǻʪ͸¡
â˸˸һƬֱ̨֮ͨڣɫʮֵϾ
ڻ֮УˮץʮȵϢŷϮȥ
ͬһoöڷգ£йһĪӨ⣬ǱεĻȥ
໣
һͬӴˮͰ׳䣬׹ư磬һУ·ֱ̨ӳһҽ֮ء
򣡡
΢΢ڣ³䳹ǵʮ౶ʮӽһŵȥ
أأأ
һȭһȣĽһͷ­ıѣҲ֮ɢ
o޵У񲻿ɵ
ৣ
̤ǲӰֱӳȥ
֣
ķϮЩҵӡһƴٴóΧת
ǣ
䣬ٶȲֱۣӳȥƵǱǲӨ⻯⣬ϵҲ˿δ
ȭ
ɱ
һֻ˳Ƭȭͷһͬȭͷҵײһ
̣
꣡
ھ쵱УһҲ֮һӰڷɳصײ̨ߵ֮ϣſһѪѪģȭͷھǾɫ
ʵ̫ǿˣǿĲһ˲ɵ
ֳˣ
嵭ĻǼһƬűϢȭͷǰһ֮ʱԭͲ԰׵ɫǰһ֡
滺ɢȥǰʱ˶Ŀɿڴſͣ᲻ϵĹ˵
󣬰ˣ
ϣ

ݵĳĬȻ𣬳֮ڣ˶Ǿ
ʤʮ֮ٴʤˣǿ϶ʵ
նɱڣ
һΪ۷˵аһһջ
Ѿܳƴˣ
ڵʥĸһླնɱģ
ûУһҲûС
ʥĹҲ𺳵ˡ
û뵽ƻʤ
ʵ̫ˣ
ĺ͸ǻ𺣻Ļ֣˵ûá
Ǿʲô
겻ףǲӨʲô
Ԫ
ƺǡ
˭
ǲӨ⾹ȻֱӽһܵĻָˣʵ̫ˡ
Բһ֮ˣôãҲһֱûκεվ˵ǵӵܣ˵ΪƷٵ꣬ǰڵˡ
ѵǵˣ
΢΢һһĨ塣
뵽ЩĪң
ҳӵܣÿһǾž֮ǷܱȵģڣƵıЩصҵӵܺΪơ
أʵĪ⣡
ǵĹͬ㣡
Ӧòˡ
»ָƽоâҲȥ
ңκһңǶܱһʥĴڣ˵ƽƽЩϵҵĵ̣ʥ
ҵ󣬷Ƶǲźۼ䣬վ
һ̣һھԵʵǰ棬κεıƣǶǺôģ
ʵ
Զȥ̱꣬ڵأ񣬿ૣˡҾȻˡ
ڵһˣȴǰһĪУشǿŸ߰顣


442 ˫ϵ
ͳǵıԳϣһƬ֮˵ĿⶼͶǵӰ
е꣬һླ磬۷ΪնɱҲ
Ĵţڴ˿˵Ŀ£ѾǱ֤ʵˡ
ȷǸ
Ӱֱۣķһ
Ʒ٣
˶Ǽס֡
ڷ빨̸Ц֮ʣһɫɷųм˹
£
ǲεɱ⣬õķתȥİӣƵüͷ
ʶӡ
ɱڣҲЩǰɫƺ뽫ʬһ㣬õȫĿⶼ˹
ӲҲ۷ѣô˵ı¶ɱⲻô
ٺ٣Ȼ£
ǳ鶯ϼһĨЦ㻹ϵô
֣óһ˶ѵĳǹ
ʶĳǹһ۾΢΢ޱȱɱ磬㣡
Ӿˮʮϵĵ
ѵ㻹ʶ˳ǹ
ӱЩŤѹе궯㲻ôңҽû߳ǣҲҪ֤ӵеĲǼƷͨ鱦
ʲôǸˣ
ɣѵͨ鱦Ҳģ
øȤˡ
ΪһϯϾ˽ԾЩŵӵҲΧ˹̨ϵҲɫǺܺÿķƣоâһ
Ҳһиǿ϶˷ӵܵݡ
˵ᣬʵĪ⣬ӵͨ鱦ⲻҵӵֻʲôˣ
ֻЩϵңôǿĵ̣
ѵǲӨǱ֮⣿ϻһ͵ͨ鱦
Խǲ²⣬ԽúΪܣôһ㣬ϲͨ鱦ˣ
һһ
һа£
ɫһ࣬һԵĻϸＸ䣬Ǹգ۾ʧʡ

ͨ鱦
ƹɻϵЦɴݣŪˣûʲôͨ鱦еģֻһƷѣ
ѣ
һɫǵͨ죬˫ĿԲɣŷŨŨŭŭ
λԼģˣӵͨ鱦
˵գóһνأѪӿȥͶһɫ
ģ
ʱЩǲűƻܣоԺܲˬѡʱǡôΪ˼ؿŶȣϧ
ҲΨ֪ƲŹԼңԼˣͲᱩ¶̫࣬磬ʵ
ҪЩɵҷƵ鷳ɱǣôЩɵϼһȻŹƣǸʱ򣬾ǷٴҲܵеùʮɡ
һļƻ޷죬ңЩǵҲΪ˽⣬ԣɹˡ
֣ѵͨ鱦óǼʶʶΣ
ɫǲҰףһķƣǴһĨ޵Ц⣬ȵʵ
ǰ־óҵȿ۽
֣ΪѾ룬϶ʲôѨ˰ɣ
ֻǹһֲۣ˵Сɣ
Щɵӵܷ׷塣
ƻܣ侧ܲ޷ô˻ᣬǾŹ
˼ûʲôͨ鱦ǿҪʧˣ
ƵһЦɨˣû˸ӡ
Ǻǡ
ЦһǰضѵĳǹһЦĶŷ˵֣壬ǣƷֻûôɣ
ƷĳǹϿͬһĹ⻬ɼжسǹĶ򵥡
ƷԲУ
ڳЩǣ˵˶߱ƷΣȻǳ
Ǻǣֲ˽⵱ʱѣңҵļƷһͬ
ƴݵЦһһ죬޷桯Уֱӿ룬ƬƬһĹâ
һһ죬ޱȣ
Ȼһƺֲͬ졣
ʹô
ڳ޲ôһʣʮţ󣬹꣬ҲһƬã
ܸоɱϵԵģ
Ϊã
ڳнһһ㵵Ŀꡣ
͵ģЩǹȺǲϵԵô
ôܣ
һ꾪ŷƵɫһ㡣
˫ʣ


443 䶯
˶֪ܾ߱һϵԣϵô˾Ի޳Ԫ֮ʱ
ǾԵģҪͲ޳Ԫ
ǰ꣬Ѿһླˣ
˫ϵԾȻڣ
Ǵδй飬飬õ˸еԵĲ
˫ϵԣǾܷӳ˫ܣˣ֮ͬڣе֣
Ѿ֤ˣԽɱˣ
һһ飬õԽԽء
˭Ϊǰδôһˣ
ӵмƷ߽׵似ֱۣ߳ķһ˵Ĳ򵥡

벻־Ȼ˫֮壬һгɣǿϲɺذ
ѹѹе𾪣΢Ц˵
ֻЩѡ
ҲƤЦⲻЦ˵ţ󣬾Բһˣ۾΢΢Уֵղˣλǣ
ȵȣ
һڷǰһЦ˵⣬ɷҵȿ۽磬ķ̶ǲܱͨ鱦
˵ţسǹݵǰ
ǺǣͱǸˣҵĽɱˣɲÿģ
˵գƹ󲽵ĳųȥһվڵ˸֪Щʲô
ɨһЩɵǣǴһһȥ
ʲô£
ȫǲеûͨ鱦һա
еĿԼ
е£̶̵ʱڣÿһ֤ʵˣΨ˶ѵĳǹ֤ʵµţ˼
˵ز˾
˱ԳɫһƬϾüͷ壬һ̤ǲٵĳųȥ
޷桯Ȼ⣬ǾԲܱȵϡ߱񽣡ķˣֱ˵Լ̲һͨ鱦
رúܶǿֶ߲εģ
ˣ϶һЩĵˣԣˣ뾡аųǣ쾧𣬲ȻǿƵа򣬰ȫòϡ

ֻһʱ䣬ͳǳ˳һ㣬аΣһЩϹŶҲעˡ
еһ飬εıԵǵõ֤ʵˡ
˵ص꣬ѾϿɵ֮һһˣ
УѾ˵һС
Ϣˡ
꾹Ȼıͬ˫ϵʣ
ϢһϹŶҲסˣ׷ǲµһ̽ʵ֤ʵȻдˡ
ʱаˣʥҲ˹ע
ͬԾԲһ壬ǳʶҲǾԵĶۣΥۣΨһ;
Ϊ˻˫ϵԣ֪жٵǿΪ˸ǣ⣬Ƕʧˣش
ûĵ飬ȴһĪˣ
õϹŶҲΪ֮𾪡
꾹Ȼĳʶɣ
Դˣһһ˵ͷȻʵĹԳƺƷٵͷϣԭļΪӵҲ͡
ѾˣԼǿĹ
󣬻һһЩ˵ע⡣
Ǿͨ鱦Ϣûе֤˵мйͲö֪ˡ
ͨ鱦

ãã֣һȥǿͷĴɫżһ紵ʱǴֺ֮ϣһ޴ˣԶɢʧ߾ͷȥΪ׳ۡ
ֺ֮ϣεգʱտϣʱʱķӹӰӥĿ⣬ϸ·ɭɨֵʵ̫Ӵ󣬶ˣҲ֮µĶˣδȴȻûѰҵǵĿꡣ
ӰƬɨ޹εĿڰн֯һºֻҡҡͷȻ˸ƣ˴˷ֿ˷Ӷȥ
ïֺܴ֮£һŲֱʣΧߵľ֪ΣˣҲۡ
ŴĶһֲ֦֦ΧïܵҶڣˣԵɨĻصĶ
Ѿˣ
֦֮ϣâ˸˸ӶӰɫܳ
Ȼûеõ֤ʵɻǿߵ׷ɱģȻһЩɢޣȻҲ֮ˣֻǣǴƽ޷ֱѡ
ৣ
һǲٵĳаųǷȥ
֣ôȥأ
һϷʵڷƶõͣ˽Ų


444 Χ
תͷƱǿһΪϤӡ
ڵ
ԻɲӣΪ鱦׼ΪﵽǿߣݣֻҪǶȫˣ
㣡
Ƶɫȥɨһӣüͷĸˡ
ԾǶԼ⣬ˣԼҲˡ
ǺǣҺͺֻԵŷֿ죬ôͼˡ
ķѿɫϵЦŨˣ΢Цų˹
ǺǣȷӼҾôõġ
ƤЦⲻЦӦţվԭزӣһ
ô
䣬ҾʱͣȻͶԵ֣ͨ鱦Ƿֵܽʹü죿
ͨ鱦ǺǣȻְ
һЦȴһƬ䣬󣬹ȻǱĶߡ
ü죿Ļ˭ţ
ģΪˣڸһĨɫҲһݾȡ
û뵽ĳд˵еͨ鱦
죬ó
ҲЩˣֱۣ
õġ
һɬ֣óģĿⲻɨһӣĿ͵ıһĨ⡣
ڣ
֡޷桯ϣһǲƵα𣬳ȥ
ã
ķƳɱëˣţһνڵ
ٶȣôĹƵǲ
𶯣
Ļڶһ

Ҳ˽Ųӳ鴤Ŀ䡣
˶ˣȻøһԼƤ½˽ٳˣҪڣûˣ
ţϵɷŨ
Ҳ𶯣ŵңƶһǿɾͲˡ
ǴһĨЦĮ˵
㣡
ŭĿԲɣŶҪըˣȴҲ
ǿŵı˵⣬ǻȥᱻԣǲҶġ
վű𶯡
޷桯ɺĲϣһֻĳԶȥ
ô죿
һתͷͬ顣
ô죿ȥǱߣߣȻ⣬лһҪСʬΣ
Ǹûĺǳһ䣬ɷڣһ壬ӰͬȣٵĴ˳ȥ
˵ʲôҲˣ⡭
źԭصǸ͵һҲҧгݵ˳ȥ

֣ʲôСܲ뿪۽ѡ
תɵ˵
Ǻǣô
ǣһ˫ͫâ˸˸ܶӰأԹһĨЦ㻹һﰲһɣ
˵䣬޷桯һᣬֱ󲱾ƤڣѪõͷƤ顣
Ȼˣ
ͣ˽Ųɫѿ
벻ͨԼΪôᱻһģ
Ҫˣ
Դ߳ӣ˵޷桯ֱĲڣӽλãֻ΢һƶ
𣡱Ǳ
Ļˣһθо֮ѪһƬ
֪̫ԻҪԼ
СӣҪô
лú˵ֻҪȻȥұ֤
Ƥ֮ڵĳҲųһ亹һһȵ˵š
ٺ٣һǴȽϰȫ
һЦâһҷǸһԥĸͷ­
ৣৣৣ
ڷҪȴʱһƿʮӰ˳ķΧסõɫ䡣
˼ϤףǴγţ

Ҳв
ϣⲻôôôң
涪ˣȻһһĽ

ͬΪɵţѷƽʱȻûٱ󳰷ʱ˺õĻᣬôܷŹأ
Щƽʱ°ܽ䳰ȷһɫжôѿˣжԷƵĺǼ˼֡
Ϊ꣬õԼ˵Ķˣ뵽Щ˽Ϣȥ֮ԼĵλˣպΪܣҲ˽ٳֹĴܡ
ԶֻһЦѣ
Խ룬ԽޣҲѪ


445 ٳ
Ҳ
һ뵽һڱһĨ⡣
ǰˣǾʲôûˣԼպĳΪܣ˭˵л
ÿ
ȥǰ⼸ţЩߣϣõķɫҲ
ÿ
ĴгھһƬҡ
֪Щ˲ÿԼԻǵһģ
ƾʲô
ǣ˵þðʲô
浱ԼǴء
Щɵŷ׷׳һϷʡ
ǻͲ÷ɱԼͷϾҪһɽѹš
ǣȴǼˣɱǾ·һ
Ҫô
ɷڳ壬۵ŭɫ
ȻЩһ⣬ڱͬʱҲڱԼܺƢô
˵ƣϵɫһ䡣
ӵΪǳߵģǱ˷Ҳаᱻ¡
ԣԥˡ
ôĿھܽҵȲô
һ෢˿ˣ˵
һ仰ֱӽڳһ壬⣬֪
£һľ
ӻɷԶֱָǸһꡣ
ѾǲһˣˣҲҪס
вõɫһ䣬ǳ˳飬һһתͷȥ
ٶȹȻҲˣ
һĿɭȵ
ٺ٣лˡ
Щÿһ·ƺЦâһӿ˸ҽӽ֮ڣһԥ֣ô
Ĩһâڳнһ
ͫ
꾹Ȼһλʯʦ
ѹ֡
һ飬һۣǿԷеĿɬ
ˣһһһУܹϢЩ˿дȥʱ򣬻ʲôӣ
̫ˣǸû뵽꾹Ȼ»ȶ֣͵ʴףһӢһ

ǰ죬ϢǱ˳ȥ߽Ծ
Ǹһ꣬Ȼǰ˽ߣҴȥֱ̫˼ˣ
𾪵ͬʱڣǳΪ˿еһЦ
ŵδȻ˽ٳˣǶˡ
һŭ֮£ʮľĳϣһλ̫ϳϱǱǲ˳
ݣȻ˾һҪ֮ˡ
һЩҲʼС̡
һ赶ɱ˵ĺʱ
һܳΪɼʳΪܵţһĸ󻼣ǳɳԼŻڲڽ°
ƣأ츳ˣҲʵðңϻпͨ鱦ĴڣһЩڵϹŶҲ׷׶ġ
һĻ
޾ɽ֮Уһɭɽ֮ڣһֱš޷桯Ĳϣһ˫â˸ɨһܣǱ
֣֮䲻ɣ
ЦȰ
˵ҪˣԳλ
۾Ҳûе˵š

ǳ˳飬ȴҲɡ
ףˣԼŵģŵˣǿɶͲԼС
ƽȮ۰
ԼǰǶôķ⣬ǣԴ֮һоͱˡ
ͷԵ޹ʵľͱˡ
ԣǰҰ¡
һʱ̰ԼΪ
һУΪ֣꣬ԼǸһһˣ
к죬ʱȴ¶˿ΨбĬĬ
˲
۾ʱ򣬷۾һĨâǱϡ
ҹĻܿͽˡ
öˣ
ͫɨһ˷˳ȥаųǷȥ
ΨиȥаųǣΨһ·Ϊų֮ǲɱŰģԣǰȫģһ쾧ǽǻʲôµģ֣
ңͣפ꣬ȵϻ֮ôܵľͲӦԼˣ
ָӵ㹻λιֻҪ㹻侧ӦԷϵֶΣһţҲǲ޿ܵ顣
ֻǣȥаųǣȫ·ҲҪңôزصģƱػӳʱ䡣
ôʱ֮ڣʲô鶼пܷ
ڷһ˫ͫڣ㿪ʮȦ
ܺã
һƬ䣬ãڷϹ֮ԼбҪһݴ񻹸ǡ


446 
֮Уï֦ܵҶȵڶ£żһЩߴ֦Ҷ϶佫£ǵϣһȻɵĹͼ
ܲĴ֮УһƬżһԶҲ֪Ǻħĵͺ赲ǻɢ
ৣ
ɭּ䣬ӰٵĴܶţƺڶʲôһ㣬ߵķûйɡ
⵽ԸϣòϣףǷƴʱԼãԼҲɵĺ֮¡
ԣɴһЩֻҪܻⶼ⡣
ףԾ
ƵĽŲüͷâ˸ɨܣ֣ﷶΧ֮ڣ˵ӰҲûһֻƬɽʮֵĹ졣
﾿ʲôط
֪ΪΣһŨŨĲֲܿľ͸Ⱦ
ѵǻ򣿡
ͫչȻҲЩ΢΢תͷŷ˵죡뿪˾ˣ
򣿡
Ȼ֪ʲô򣬵ǽģɫһ䣬ʲô˼ѵ
뵽ĳֿܣһ
㾹Ȼ֪򣿡
Щ㵵Ŀ翴һͷһ㡣
аںպĻаʥҲͷ۵ĵ꾹Ȼ֪
бҪô
ƲһۣԵЩͷ޷桯ٴĲ
аһ
Ľ˵ˡ
ΪаһڽصĽѾ˲ʮܣ
ԭǲڵģʮ֮ǰаżУһĹĹĿ
һĹʥ֮Ĺ
һΣǰȥ˴󲿷ֶûлΪĹĹ澹ȻһĹǴܾ룬ǸʱڳмĿ֣
һѣ
һ˦βһڵĴܱǱҵѣһսʮλܣаʥʥ˳֣Ҳûѣ˵أһֱûܹƬһƬ
һʮ꣬Уǿȡʬȡ侫ͨ鱦ǣģǴܣҲû߳ȥ
һһæҪ
ѽ
ƺܵʲôС˯ʵĴڳðͷԶһĨ⡣
ѽ
ŴӷƵ˳վļͷ컽˷Ƶע⡣
ô
С쳣ƵĽŲɻĿ
Ĵӷƻðôһë׵ҲһĨ졣
ⶫƺûʲôĵطȴֵĺͨԣӦǸ߽׻޵ޣ
ţһĨ⡣
߽׻޵ޣǿҲûеĶҪǾǼٵģ
ѽѽ
СһվڼϣǶСǰ㣬ָǰָ㽭ɽζѽѽĽţƺڴߴŷǰȥ
ҪȥǱߣ
üͷһ壬ǿղָĺĵ
ǿʮܵĵԼǰȥǲô
ѽѽ
Сĵ˵ͷˮĴ۾ڣһƬڴɫ

ǳ˳飬һѵǸĴڣ
ѽ
СԴɻĿ
Ǹ
ʾСڵĲλ
ϾЩ飬ǲ˵ġ
ѽ
Сˣ˵ͷŷƵ죬Ǵߴǰȥ
ȥȥ·
Ȼ֪ʲô£ƾȻͷС޵ĻҪȥæг
ৣৣৣ
ͻӰԶӶ˷Ƶע⡣
֣
ŷתͷһ˲䣬͵Ķӣӡ󶯣һƴڱڶķƵһξ룬ͼһ͵ϮƿҪܲĴˡ

Ľвɫһ࣬š޷桯ԥֱһնıϣ˳ȥϵĴڣɼǣѪӿ

߼Ĳ״һ
ĸˣȻڵˣⲻɵ÷ɫһ䣬һǲͷҲصĳŻĲλȥ
ʦ𣬿죡ɱ
ɫҰףأԽлţԶȥǵӰھһƬԹޡ
ɱ
һ£Ӱֱӳŷ˹ȥ
ź漸Ӱ̺İƣб⼸ӦöǸΪʦߣǾĴڣ
ΪԼھȻɳ


447 С޷
أ
һ죬һӰͬƼһ㱻ķ˳ȥѪɫһƬҰףҲݵĲӣʮ׿⣬Ҳûˡ
ɶ񣡡
ǿߵΧɱƸܵĻҲûУѾȫ߶ũҩϵҩˣϵĴȴЩʱ޸ġ
ʦͨ鱦Ƚ
ѾվĴ˻ĸԭֻɫЩ̬Ĳ԰ס
ʲôͨ鱦
ǸԴһһḬ֮̃ɫ
ͨ鱦ǿɾҲûʸӵС
ڣȻҲͨ鱦֮ƹܣ̫ϳϣʹõҲǼƷѡ
š
˵ͷǵѪӰһҧԼȫˡ
ļһҵˣ
ԳһĨЦתͷ˵ʦϻһֻ߽׻Ĺޣɽʦע㣬˵ޣ
Ŷ߽ޣ
һСֻѳ
ף
һӱǳ̱ڵصķȥҲǴһḬ֮̃ɫ֣ǳŷƵؿץȥ
룡
ԭ˫Ŀ̱ķƣ͵ıһĨ⣬˫һӡָһεֱӳӵؿȥ
꣡
ƺ֪Ԫڣһĳǽ뻯⣬Ҳٴεıķ˳ȥ
Ԫ̶ȣġ
ͣ
һѪ˳һĨʣѵô
⼸ĵ֣û˿ķκεҲƳ͵ϮΣȻһҲûеóѡ
ǣʹ߱񽣣
ٺ٣Сӻ쿪һССڣȻ͵Ϯ
Χ϶ǴζЦ⣬ʵк𾪡
һˣһˣǾѾĳˣǣһˣȴǿĻߣһ͵Ϯ֮ⲻп־塣
ھѾˣԼ˻ܹɵӦô
һȻţ
¶˾ģСǱ̫ˣ˴ѣպ󽫴󻼡

Ҫؿһʹõ۳һΪޣҲ̱ȥ
ɶ񰡣
ŻӽļˣһƬ䡣
Σˣ˵⼸ӣԶǻһϹڻ񣬸ûĿԡ
ٺ٣ɣ
һԪ˸˸ֱͬӳŷƵͷ­ȥ
ৣ
һӰԷƵؿڳֱӳǸӭȥӲΪ⣬أԴЦԪڳ壬ȥץ
ֻǳϣȴץ˸գ´㵣һֻë׵Сצ֮ǰ

â֣ӵ˫Ŀ֮䣬Ѫէ֡
ҵ۾
˫ĿٵļˣĨѪ˫иǱĲҽУõֱס
ţǱҲǼǵӰ

ʲô
ҵ۾ҵ۾
ǾʲôҲûֻǰһֻཱུİɫСצ˫ĿһڣԶҲˡ
ֵģȻС
ҲסˣԭѾǱĿˣȴǴ˵ĲҽУѪӣд㵣С򣿡
أ
ӺҵĹһڷƵϣõٴ׷ɣؿڵľʹõֱԡ
ʲô
ļĵУҲȻ
ֻޣ
󾪺Ҳû뵽ǿ޺Сޣ־Ȼ˵׺ݣжǳҪкǷཱུСצӣķһգۼǳϹӣãѪȾȫĲҽУҡ
۾Ϲˣ⼸ӵһˣ
ң
ŭĿԲɣһɺƥƴڳһ֣ǳİӰץȥ
ৣ
ӰĽ֮˿Ӱ죬СצӲϵӶÿһζһʺѪ
סˣСأٶȾƥԼӰ
Ȼޣ
İӰоâ˸˸
ޣٶȾѾˣǳɳٶȿ϶ǸΪ£ޣǲɶõģǵ֮سһ
ٶÿ
߳һһеĳȥ
ļˣһֻë׵С޶ȻԻĸֳһĨϷʵЦ⡣


448 Х
ѣһ־ˡ
ССһһε÷ƶ֮Ŀ࿴
ûйٶȾ޿ҵģӷȴû˿ܣȻǼӾͲ۾Ϲôˣֱӱͷ
ԣǿȥңʵȴûܵʲôشϵѪƤ֮˶ѣصĴˣ˫۾
ӦһӾϹˣ
С
û뵽ξȻСһһϲӿĵũҩϵҩԣٵ޸һдˡ
ӣ
СһȻ˻ңȴǵĽŲȶǷӦԼһϧⱦʱ䣡

Ȼ˵ͨ飡
СԻɫһݣǼҪץľġ
ʦɱ
Сɨһۣëëģ˵
зִ硣
΢УĻϣ˼ץ֮ߡ
ޣٶ츳ԼҲ磬ͨ飬Ȼһĸ߽׻ˡ
ѵǴ˵еʥ޺᣿
ֻһͷѣ߳ȵǼҲЩ١
ʥޣǿʥ˿Ĵף
һֻ޾ӵ˵츳õ˼·ƮԶ
Լӵֻޡ
ֻ룬ͼ
˫΢΢󶯣һɰͬɽƻ𣬴˷СΧȥ֮ڡ
СһֻûзӦǵЦŨˡ
ܣһһĵӣ𽥵Сž룬ֻǣȴûз֣СһĲм
¡¡¡
Ρ룬ɽΧĴֱӾͳȥ֮࣬ݵĳС򿿽
ʮס
ס
ס
ס
һס
СûжƺûиܵΧı仯һ㣬Ѿ·ӣ־һ㡣
Ц⣬üͷ壬ܾʲôطԾȴ˵
һֻޣӦòһĽɣ
һۼ䣬ԭѾķȴվһЦͬӰһ㳯Żĺĵȥ
ٿǶСޣһĪĿ־塣
ʦ𣬺Ʒˣ
Ļг˼١
һıСΪնȡָʱ䣬ʱѾɹˣ
뵽⣬ʱһ
Ӳˣ
ȻҲ˷ƵĶ̬ɫ䣬ǹһƲмϼӿ£ٶȡ
һһˣܴԼߣǲ췽ҹ̷
ǶʵΡ
¡¡¡
׹ǱߵĵѾȥһңΧĿռ䣬һۿɼڻƽ
ˡ
ʱСǸͶһܴ񣬱ǻһӰŷʧķȥ
ǲм֮ϣȻҲûһ
⡭
ֱסˣ۾ԲھһƬ˼ɫȻ츳
٣ӼЩ
ʥ޺ᣡ
Ѿ϶ˡ
ʥ޺ᣬô˵츳
ˣȻˣ
ⶶૡ
û뵽£ƾȻĵˣõԵĸе־塣
ʦ𣬲ܷŹһܷŹСӣ
˹Ъ˻һƬȻɱ⡣
ģӲ
˸ƺܿһУأԹһĨЦ૵ҪɱСӣΪ֮пܳ
Ǽڴ˵Ⱥȥȥ
䣬ǻһӰ˲ʧԭأ뼸Ϲ

֮Уһĳ޺Ҳ伣ƺǾµĴڣӽǶǵͷߣ̤֡
ৣ
һӰվڷƵļϡ
Ѿ׷ô
СĵƱ֪߿϶ҲѾ׷ͷҲأŻȥ
һɣëѹǴѹ
̣
ǷѾʱĹҲѣڵͬѿһ㣬ʹõǰһڣѪɣɳȥףײֱͣǻ˹ȥѪһ
ߣ
Ӱһ߼Ӷǲ֪ķƣмһҪһƵʱ
໣
ͬХ죬ǧڣ޳ȫɪɪſ־ȫͬһ
ǻ


449 ټ
Ĺ֮һƾ鶯ûûܹ׷ٵ٣͵ϮֶΣ˷ʤԷΪ䣬޶³Թ
ԣģǽΪ֮ף
ڵĻĹ츳ԣȻǴܾ磬ǣʥҲò
⣬Ҳ֤츳ȷ޿ҵģ

ԴХ˼̱ȥʱǲżԼУʱ˶һҡ
ߣ
һӰӶЯżˣ˲ܳ˰֮⡣
ԻΪģǧ֮ڣ޹ȥҲγһƬ޳澰ֻȴû͵һĻ
ƣ˹ǿ󣬾ûͿһУ

֮ڣһļž͸ҶǵĹڻ谵ּţõּһ鶯
һÿˮװ׳ĲڵϣƺǾһսһ㣬ּһƬǽ壬һѿݻƵҶ֮ϣһѪſһ
ѽ
һֻë׵Сͷ­ԣǷ۵СͷϵգƺҪ
ֻҪʧˣûѣңҲΪ΢ޣƺʱֹͣĿܡ
һƣõķƻ¶ܵ˼Ĵˡ
׵УһƬѪģҲ̶ãٸûһõģ󲿷ֶأٲֱӷ飬ڵҲܵ˼ĳһܼѪϡ
Ƿܴصһˡ
ŭһûڣϾֻôһ
ķͼȻûƿصٷ֮һܣȴҲ˰ɼķȷǺ죬뵱޶ĿǣΨûУԭ򣬾Ϊ
ͼ쳤ģ޵һģ
ķûзӦСǶһԣȴѡ
ʱţũҩ֮ϵ鵤ҩȻԳ޸ЩƲ޸Ĵˡ

Զ˻ǧ֮ңһ˲ͣ
ʦô
ͣ£ȲʵһڴĿߡ
⡭һƣӦûдĿܣԭһҪһƣ֪Ƕȴƺˡ
ߵɫЩףǺȷ˵š
ʱĵѾӽĺĵشˣХϯֱӾĵСصͨ鱦Ҳ˲ˣһֻܡ
ĹĿ£ǿмصģһ˦βǴҲᱻ˵ˡ
Ǳɣ
Ӧô
֪ΪΣһɲЦŵʦܾãǺƷٲô׾ˡ
˵ʲô
ɫһҲЩˡ
Լʵ
ҲǻʦʵǡǺƷʵǲͬˣûȷȥ룬Ӧû
æ񣬽͵
Ȼ츳Ϊܣ֮֮飬һ䣬Ҫߵıӻ
ÿ˰˳ʮƣȻû
Ҵơ
ʦСӦûǸؼҩʦ
Ϲз׷׳ɥ˵䣬Ц
һͷĪС޵Ϯ£ʧȥ˫ĿصţҲٱãһôˣ
⡭
üͷʱƵܲңըˣǣⲢ˵Ѿˡ
Լ˶ԼǳǻһˣˣǾҲᱻֱĳ࣬ǣǸȴֻǱըѶѡ
ͳֵ˵ˣĲ֮
Ҳû
ԼҲĻ̬ˡ
һ֮ٴǱ뵽·֮ǰһУõɫ䡣
һ̲ɫѪǸѾӰ

߰һʧԭء
ѾӽˣɲҾ
ʦΣ
߳󼱴ٵʵ
Ǽ̸ϻǣϸ˹ţ
һĽţкǻںޡ
Լʱɱ꣬ûôô
ڣо̬أ츳꣬δôŵѣҲ˶Ҳпܡ
ʲôû
˾һƬ𺳡
һػȻûõҲΪ֮


450 
ޱ޼ʵԭʼֱ֣࣬죬ա
ּ䣬İžȴΪһ˴ơ
СȷûΣգ
СĵĻܣЩ̵̻ʵ
ѽѽ
СЩͷĵ˵ͷһۡ
Ѿ֪ǷƵڶٴηˣÿ߼һΣСһٺãҲĥˡ
ȷҲûΣգ
Сһһ첻µزµģһٴʵ
ޡѽ
Сͷ㵽һ룬ͣ۵Сһһϣ۾ţƺԥǲӦõͷ
Ȼ
һ飬ϵͣ˽ŲһŭĿ
СһûΣգǿɲǶԼҲûΣգСһûеطȥãǺܶطԷ˵ȴġ
Сһ߽ȥܻᱻдһ߽ȥֱӻᱻһˣ߳Ϊдʳ

ȴһױȵѹѹȶõȥ΢΢Ĳţһɫǵͨ죬ˮϲϵĹ䡣
ͨ
ưڵأ˫ֵסԼſڵء
ѹѹ꣬һŲɵİʾõ˸ʤ
ˣ
һӷƵؿڱһӨɢӨ⣬嫵ѹ
һУ
Ϊķͨ۱ķ棬նɱ׹֮սҲͬھˡ
ƻվҲֱһƬ£Ȼţ
޷ţʮǰаż˵صģǣ׺ɣǸʱȥȴǻš
ѽ
ƺǸӦʲôСŷƽлһǳŻĵȥ
һҲǣǺܵԼ᲻ĳΪʳڲϣдС
ͷһ;ö񺮡
Сһôóԣ»û׼
˼䣬ͻأģһᣬѹϵɽ˲䲻õķһƨڵϣ֮С
ȻԵ޹ʵɢˣ
ô͸㶨ˣ
İӰŴ͡
ѽѽ
С˷ܵĽлţǰָŻĴߴŷǰȥ
ȥ
ƺܼҡҡͷĿⲻƵĿСһ
ҪԼȥô
ѽѽ
Сˣһ˫ǰ㲻ϵıȻš
ȥ˵ʲôҲȥ
Сһ˵ԼȥΣգȴĿˣԣ̬Ⱥܼ
ˣɣҲ˺㣡
һϵֱڷƵԺ쳹õһͫչ˺ü
㣡ѵ
ЩʵһƬ¡
Ȼܶ
ΪƣƼҪȾˡ
ûɡ
ϵд˿˿ϣɡ
Ϊ֮ޣΪĺᣬǸ߰ģеۻʵмѣǻһǾԻᱻ
ѽ
СҲǶŷƵ˵ͷǰȥ
⡭
˿ǰ棬棬ǰлһҧŴ󲽳ǰȥ
ˣ·һһѣ
ǰһɽɽϣԶʯľʢͬһɽһ㡣
һԼΪ׶ߵɽͿɽ£ϵۡ
ˡ
ϵӵˣƺɽ֮ڴġ

ĺ˿ѹе𺳣ɽȥ
棬ֱõķһˬȫë״󿪣̰˱Щ֮ڵԪ
ôܣ
Ʊ۾ھһƬ˼ɫ
ȡЩԪĳ̶ȣǾ侧һ㣬ĳ̶ȣߵĲ˼飬ƾȻоڶԪпļ
ѹҪֱȥ߽ɽ֮ڣǰľõĺݺݵһ
һͷ˵е
ӥצ¹ǣţۣ棬ڷһƬƬɫƬĲȫÿһ䣬ͬڱʯһ㣬ҫ۵Ĺ
ЩǴټıǿ֮¶
ıϢѣ
ˮװף̾ᣬ׸̧ѹأõ˿һۣͻһҪݵ
ǻͷ
ֻǣģȴǾƺʲôҪĶһ㡣
Ǿ
ͷѾֻȴ˿δҲϸĹۿǻ첻


451 
£ʱ飬ʥҲӲһ;ͷȻܻʮꡣ
ԭѾˡ
΢΢˿
ţ
ӣһǿףõĴɨһȦǼһ겻׸ߵ컨ǰ
ͬɲݣƣ˸Ƶ۾类סһ㣬ϵöɫԲʵôҲƲߡ
ѵũҩصġ
ЩµҲЩ
ũҩأΪҩ֮ҩ֮Уǰʮߣֻ̾ĵطſ
⣬֮̾ô
ɨһȦƱǿֹһ꣬ɽ֮ڣ֮࣡
ĺʱ㼱ȡҩԣڵҩ̶ȾԿԴﵽؼ߽׵ĵز
ˡ
ɽ쳹ޱȵĺѹޱȣõķƻһعηĿǸס
Ҳһβ˦ȻﰡˣҲķĴܣҲҪɱԼԼûзء
ڣͷûҪɱԼ˼õķƺΪɻһڼͷϵС΢΢˳顣
ȻҲ㶨ˡ
ԸԸչ˺
ϵٴδһ̾Ϣ
չ˺
һ㶣һĿ
ûԸչ˺ᣬȫԸ׳ǡ
ϵٴը죬ƺһ˿ζ
⡭
ѣƲŷ֣ͷ̾м䣬һĨڵӨתʱͫţ¶һĨ֮ɫ
һö֮
㲻Ըô
ϵдŨŨʧ䣬һɱϢӿ
ǣֻҪôչأ
Ƽæ͵
Բһ£ǿĺᣬԼǲǶһĪô
ң˵Ը⣬ڣָᷢʲôء
ô˵Ըˣ
ϵִһĨڴ
ðɣԸ⡣
Ƶ˵ͷ
Ǹˣҵĺͽˡ
ϵгϲ
֮ȻҪŷ£ңƺ׬˺ܴıһ㡣
һڹ˸˸ľǣ״ڷƾ㵵Ŀ£ֱײڡ
ӿǣֱȥƵɽڿʼľǡ
ţӴɢǵ㣬ȫΪöڵȡ
ˣ
һڵһĨڵĹɽڵȫǳӿȥһʱ䣬ɽڷӿ

ڣľû˿ı⵽Ǹʡȥ鷳
˻
ʹܿͿʼˣľǣǿɲôóܵģľʹ֮׹꾫ǴΣ˿ãʹķһ죬ҲʹЩŤҲҵĲ
ϵǱˮʪʱǱȾ졣
ȫµÿһϸͬͬʱ˺һ㣬ʹ̣һһһε˺ѣʹϼʹӣ꣬ķڴʱҲû˿á
һɷʥḶ́ȴĽ̥ǡ

ҵĽкԷƵĿкžش
ԣǾʹȴõޱȵѣܺĸоȫÿһϸĴʹ
ͬڵɽ͹ըҪһ㣬˱˺Ȼ飬һһΣһθһΡ
أأأ
ҵĴ棬ҳһӣҪԷйڵʹֻǣһжͽͶѡ
ÿһë׶ϵѪÿһ鼡ⶼھҵĲÿһһϹθÿһ඼һϺ濾
ʹ࣬ͬҲ˺һ㡣
Сֻһۣ˹ĳöһ֮ߵ֮ȥ̾ڵϣһˬ۾ΧҲв١
ڵǣһڵϷһֻСſһöڵ˯ǹ졣

磬ڴɳڶϵӵܣǰһʱڶĿ⣬˽Ȼ
ѵҪ
ԲܣҪ֪ܽҲֻ·һûдھ͸Ӳ˵ˣĹǲѡ
ȵʱ򣬱Ƿ֣ڵӵΧʮ׷Χվһˣ֮ڣһˣǧ֮ڣһľĳϣмλ̫ϳ򣬽Χ


452 
ѵΪǸꣿ
⼸ȫڳļƣ˺ܿ뵽ǸٳڱƷ١
һΪǿнõڳһЦ
ƺѾصڵϢˣһʼ˵뷨ǸѾɱˣֻǣڵĶ̬ƺˡ
ѵȻӽ˻򣿡
һ뵽ܣ˽Ծ
ǿǾԵĽʥˣ߱ʮλܵ䣬Ѫܵʵ
ɣ
һླ꣬ǾûдĿԣǣʱڵľٶȴõɻˡ
ǵĿĺڣ
һʱ䣬аڷӿڸɶ׷׹ΧڻΧԽԽ࣬ǶҪ֪ʲô˴
ֻǣ֪ΪΣЩȴǷһЩı䣬ƺǰһˣǣĸıģȴû˵ĳȻ
ֻһʱ䣬ԭžĻȴһݻ
ܿΪ˷ˣֻǣȴõǲǰΪչ


Ĳҽɽڴ˳ոһգþδͣЪǰĽкĲõףڳôһʹࡣ
ɽ֮ڣһѪأԲţһ½һ£нС
˵ľʹ޷ҪãҪ仰뾫ǵʱƾͺˡ
ÿһεʹ۹̥һΣʵʣõ˴󻡶ȵһ벻ĺô
ۣͼⶼǳΪɱﵣģƶ֮츳Уڴ
Ϊƾ츳Ȼܴʥ׵ѣ˵츳εȵ졣
֮󣬷Ǵʹ֮ѣ˻ԵУϣȻһĨҸЦ⣬ƺҲһܹеҵ¡
ˣ
һɢţƵƺһĪ𣬻һڵӨڲϵתţһỊ̄ϴÿһ䡣
Ϊڷĳɱ䡣
˿˿ƵϵĴÿһëţԼʱ䣬ƵȻޣЩ͸
һᣬֱֻ۲ˣ룬˿ڣ˺ۣûѪ硭ʧһ㡣
ڵתֱֻֻĳ˳ţֱֻۺֲˣõǰֱֻǹ졣
һֱֻۣͷ­壬˫šֻϣԽתԽ飬󣬷˲ˣôƾյʧˡ
֮̾ϵСֻ΢һǰգһֱ۾˯ȥˡ
ͬģ֮Ҳּ
ৣ
׵˲ʧõ̾ϵСûԹһ죬ٴγԭأСһܵٶȿ죬ǾҪѹˡ
ѽ
վԣСһŭĳӶСצӣʱ㰲࣬СһŵԾſϣˬ۾
֮󣬷ƵӰһʼ֫建ʧͬʱʧȻͬʱ֣ʱڵǻ뵽ڵÿһϸ֮ڡ

ӺһˬƲ۾ͫڣһĨڵĹâһ

صĺ˿һɰɫǿţվ

ֻĶ˶ֽţһǴ쳹ͬűһ㣬϶쳹
ɳ죬۾
֪츳ʲô
ȵһлָƱǿʼ۾ǵĺô
ৣ
һ죬ֱʧ
ৣ
ǳԭء
ţ
۾ûκα仯壬΢΢һ㶡
͸ܵǹĪϣҲˣôûκεı仯أ
õķɻˡ
ľǣһֻۣ˻ص츳
׹ľǣһͼױȵķ츳
ľǣȻûܴ˿ĺôûо˿ı䶯
ⲻܰ
Ʋţ͸ӦǹɲͬѰϣǣٴεı۾ǹϡ
ৣ
˲ʧ˿ټ
ৣ
ԭأû˿ı仯ֻǽ³΢΢Щ


453 ̤
ɽ֮ڣƣͬ˵Ķһöһ֮ߵڵأӨԶǲһë׵Ķ֮̾ϣƻһеϢ۾ǰգӨ˸ƺܿһС
ৣ
һ죬һӰûκ׵ĳɽ֮ڡ
ô
ΣûиоκεõΪʧ䡣
Ϊ֮ף츳õķƺΪڴڵƺԼûеĳ

һ뵽Լ˴ĴۣȻûлκεЧƾ̲ס̾һ
⼸ǰʹ˰
ѽѽ
ԣһġѽ
΢΢һ㶣ȥֻСһվ֮ϣǰ㲻ϵĻţģƺڴضĴЦõķһ顣
СȻֻ
õķҧѣݺݵĵһۡ
ȵȡ
һ٣һʲô
ѽѽ
С浹ϣߣģƺЦˡ
ô£
üͷһ壬ƺ֪飬ţͫһѵ
ĬĬĸӦǹϡ
ৣ
ǰһڣһĿռУһƬҹ˸žͬǳһ㣬õйϢĴ
ϣ˸һӨ⣬ΧɭҹϮǱȥ
ģ
һǰһڣֻصɽԭء
⡭
ֱӴˣףǸǳ羿ʲôطֻȥΣյӣƺߴһ
ô£
ǰһĿռ磬ƼҪΪû˿ı仯ˣҲף⾿ôһ£
츳ʲô˵УӰȥ٣ûͷ۵ĵطޣȫĴƾģûı¡
ڣƺ츳
ৣৣ
ΣҲûŪף⾿ô£һһεȥǸռ䣬һһεлصԭء
ѵ츳ܶ
ǰҿգЩɻأģһô
ţ̧һ̧ţ;ԪڵԪٵţգ۵ʱ䣬٣һƬյţǰһڡ
ͨ
ʱ򣬷һĲȣʮ׿⣬գһͷԵڵأŪĻͷ
ѽѽ
ڷɻ֮ʣĶǴĳֻСǳЦǰĻ죬õǳ˳顣
ô£
ϵĻҳڿտһƬԪУͷЩΣ׾ʲô¡
ǸҿյһСѣľȻ˵ľ޴
ǡ
ŷ֣ԼѾԭˡ
һʮף
ξ룬͵һɿϲ֮顣
ֻǸҿССһ羹Ȼʮ׾룬һأʮأָһʲôĳ
ţ
ƼЩһƬ𺳡
츳Ȼ̤Уһʮף
Ȼû
˼Զڣâ˸˸
֣ó侧ѸٵĲڵģǳӯ̲סǹϡ
ৣ
ٴҿգЩӿе侧˳ǰһ󲽣ֻǰ벽֮䣬ȥˣڵԪٵĺĹ⣬㵵Ŀ£ǰһڡ
飡
ɽڣһӰײڶϣ
ѽѽ
ĳֻСЦĸӵĻˡ
ǰұڣףΪԪӯ£Լһˣȥˣǲɽ֮ˣ
뵽⣬Щ񺮡
һ벽Ҳʮҡ
תľ룬һ޷ѹֵϲá
㹻Ԫ֧ţ˭κεԼ
̤Уǿʥ˲еͣң츳֮Уƺ֮ʥ˸һЩڣֻǣԷĿǰΪ磬޷׶ѡ
ҿգΣգʥˣ̤ҲһΣգʱ̶ҪҿɣǣȴһɫӨɣõûⷽģֻԪѣͿҿңڣ
츳
ʱƱǲϵó侧䣬ģ䣬ģһһ̽ţϤµõҪǶҿʵзƿأȻ͵ǰǻ֪ô¡


454 
ɽΡ룬Ʈ죬ʱӰӶȥͬ˵еʥ֮ˡ
ʦ𣡡
һ˵վڳԣĻ
ã˼˼ôǵˣֱƽֱҪ١
ذС˼˼Ķתɫһ࣬ʲô£
ʦȫڳΧ
ϸĽ䶯а龭˵һ顣
ʮꣿһһࣿƷ٣
⼸ڳԺֱӾͳֳһӰ
֣ûʲôһ
һһˣͨ鱦
سȥ
֮󴫳ģƷ٣ǲǷô
˵һرǴҴҵ뿪Żȥ
ڣñ̫񣡡
أͨ鱦Ķߵջжε鷳ܾҲסˡ

ʱ֮ɲֹһˣ쳣֮аˡ
˭֪֮һʥҲ֮û취֮ڣ޽Բҿڳ˳֮Ǿ˵㡣
һ뿪˻
ڶ
ǣǣǶͨ鱦ļƷϣ˵Ǿ͵һͨ鱦
ңȾĴ֮ضСĴڣ
ǿҩƼƷҩ֮УҩʦҲҪۺĶӵôһҩǾܽһλλҩʦ
ܵͨ鱦ܽҩʦȫֶΪ
ңھݴ滹һӵͨ鱦꣬ǲʵ򣬾ѾܹܵĿˡ
Ѿǵʮˣǧһֱڹû˸ҽȥȻҲеģǿģһɵʱõĶӡ
óĽǣӦÿ쾡ˣȴûһûû˸ȥӽˡ
ȣֻеȣȵȻ

ৣৣৣ
ɽ֮ڣ΢ƿϵһӰƿɽʱʱ֣ǹ졣
ɽм䣬һöɢŵɫӨ⣬Χϵӿ뵽֮ڣΪա
֮ϣһͷɫƤëСĵĴŹǷʱһץһӨӨ֮۾š

ʱ֮󣬷ͣϵĴϢţˮ˳ղϵĵ䣬ֻǣһ˫֮ȴϲá
˼ϰһЩҪˡ
Ǹҿڣ룬İٱҲ˵ҿ֮ڣһףһס
ң˵ķǣҿ֮ڣʱ侹Ȼ˰ٱ
Ϊûԭˣʱ仹Ǿ룬ҿ֮ڣǶΪİٱƾڵʵ˲Ϣˣ룬жôǿһǧ׶пܡ
е侧ϣũҩϵҩԣܿģǻָ״̬˼ηУһͣ
Ȼʱ˻˲ǧ侧һжֵõģңǧѿ侧ڴʱķ˵ʲô¡
ϣʮ侧
Ҫͻˡ
Ÿ״֪ڶԪоҪˣǱȥ
࣬ΪᾧศɣȱһɣΪҪĻ֮һ
ͣس࣬ԪУ׳ԪԲ֮硣
Ƶһп࣬ڶ࣡
ʱӨ˸ӨȻŷƵĺɽڵİɫǿ뵽ڣֱӽ뵽˸֮ڣһȦһȦѾеĳΡ
Ϊ˼ӿ۵ٶȣóĿ侧ʼʱڵǼӿ࣬ϣӨ󶯣յһƬͨ

ſ³ףڱǱһͬٵذը죬һ˾ϯΧɢȥ
ڶ࣬гɣ
ˣѾڶĵز
ڵԪУɫƽûκϲһж˵ˮɣû˿⡣

۾ɫâһſڣ³һİɫ
ˡ
վȵԪ΢䡣

ĲԶӨ˸ɫʵ۾һ˹ȥóУСĽװãóһУҩװãĽ֮ȫװָ
֪һܵʲô̶ȡ
룬óһС


455 
ũҩϼأҩҩ֮ҲǼƷ֮УڶʮλǲɶõļƷҩ
ңѪסزп̣ǳ̡
룬ڴ˵ضʮ꣬Ȼ̳ѣ˵κסض̳ġ

СУܰ˱ǣ˳ĺ˿ڵöɫĹʵûԥֱӷŽ˿С
ڼһҩԣ˳źڣڵũҩâʢضֹӵҳһҳҳķ˿ֵģ
ҩܵǣȫ뵽ũҩ֮ϣϵöɫ鵤֮ڡ
ˣ
Ƶ׹ͨһƬ貵Ĺâ͸Ѫӡ˳
֮⣬Щҩûֱ鵤ںһ𣬰׹һöЩʵҩڷǰ
ϲ֣ҩҩԣתϸϸĸӦҩԵĳ̶ȡ
ؼ߽ף
۾֮󣬷һĨ޷ѹֵĿϲ
̷ö֮Ȼӵؼͽֱףؼ߽׵ĵزҩԣɷĩҲڰʱȫ޸
ңΪҩԣʱһЩͨĵؼ߽ҩʦҪǿϼ֣
ƷҩǿɲǿЦģΪܹõƷҩģǾҩʦ
ũҩ䣬ʲôȽ׵ҩ䣿
΢΢𣬾â˸˸
켶ô
⻰˵ԼҲš
ؼҩʦؼףҪںһͨҩҩԾͿԴﵽˣؼнףͨҩؼ߽ףңͨҩ
켶ҩʦǾͱںһƷҩ켶нף꼫Ʒҩ켶߽ףһҩ֮
ũҩأҩ֮Ǿ֮࣬Ʒҩʮ꣬ͨҩʮ֣ϡ伶ǧ֮ͨҩ֮ࡣ
켶ҩ䣿
Ҳţ
ǣ켶ȴѾ֪ļˣûиߵĴڣǾͲö֪ˣӵũҩ֮󣬷ƾͼţ켶֮ϾԻһ
Ҳ֪Ҫ²ʵ
ɵҩһ⣬һ֪ܲںϳҩ
ϧҩҩΪûҩ֮ڣ֮󣬾ѾҳҲȥʱҩѾǲɻָˣٴηòٴμһö³ϣʱ򷵻غʥɽûء
ں˳ҩҩԣũҩܹܲͻ켶
ֻ룬ƾ;һŻȡ
켶ζҪﵽľ硣

ĺ˿վӢ˲
Ԫ磬ССͻһС磬ũҩף˫ϲţûʲôˡ

ٴɨһȦĶڣĿм䴦֮ϡ
֮
ͬӨ˸˸񳹣ӨϾһȦһȦڹε֮ȥΪ
Ųƻ˹ȥ
ǴӦҪչöġ
һ뵽һǿһͷһͷȡ
ôܷأ
һ֮ߵƿ
ѽ
ƹСվ΢üͷһĨ⡣
ৣ
СһצֱӳŷƵץȥ
ӰϮƷӦƵȥһʹСǷСצӻһСڣѪ֮ϣģֱ˽ȥ
ʲô
ϵ˿ڣûĵСһһۣţǰһĻõ۾ͫ˲
ԭƽɽڣһͨİ׹籡ֱʣһɰϯأǧ֮޳ޣӣȫڵأɪɪƺӭߡ
ϮΧڻΧǿȫëȻ׷ױˡ
ԣ
ţʦͣ˱˵ĽŲ˸˸ĺĵش
ǹɳİâȻȴ֮ǰǹЩ̫һ
֮ǰǹĺǣ
λߵѹѹѹԼǡ
ǣڵȴЩһȻȴԼû˿ѹֻ΢Ԫ͵Ȼ޴档
ӣ
תһ󵨵ͷĵ
ৣ
˷ֱӳŻĺĵشȥ
ΧǿҲȫǷӦ˹׷Ч£źĵشȥ


456 
ֻӣ
˶ˣȫǺ۾ŽĿ塣
ӽˣǹɺ嫵ûн٣õǸӵĺ޼ɵȫọ̈̄Ψһ

꣡
һڰɽ쳹ţһ֮ߵѿһСڣ󻺻ӣõ֮϶ǲһѷ졣
ž꣡
һ鵰ǵ䣬ȫµأһָС׳СڷƵǰ
Ȼĺᣡ
һ
棬͵ģеĶȫУֻǣЩλҲ΢Щ̫һ磬צΪģСĲͬССѣĲλΩΩФֻеǹɺ嫵ѹҲû߱ѡ
꣡꣡
Сֱ֮ӾſСڣǿʳѵǣһģƺҲ˲ɶõζˡ
ৣ
²С򿴵۲һ죬˹ȥ˫һǣǿҧ
ҧһڣһǿٵĿҧһǽǿ꣬ٴѡһƴģ
أ
ƺǼС˳ۣСֻ̧ţһǽС˳ȥȻ԰ռƬ

ͷצϵĵǿ꣬СǷץһͣţס۾һŷʱ͸һĨɻתͷһǿռС
ʱС峺׵ӿһŭһɵСС籡˳
أ
СŭһҡҷƬ˸СС˹ȥ
飡
СһͷҲûأеĿʳû˿ͣ٣ƺԺ۾һ㣬һ㣬һߣǽŭС߷˳ȥͷͣ
໣
СŭˣȻһͷС޸۸ˣ߰ȻܲˣХһٴȥ
ХȻۣƻеģõվһԵķһֻǣȴ˿Ӱ첻С
飡
ûκε⣬Сٴα߷˳ȥ
ţսŰܣŰսʮΣ޵ƬҲմ˻ҳ
أ
ƺǲͷˣСٴγȥʱС̧ţֱӽ֮ڽ£۾һɣһõСֱӾɵˡ
ϢԼڸӦһģһ

һСȻҲˣ峺ͫڣǿ־֮ɫƺʲôµһ

СĴսķһһ㶵ģֺСǳ˳飬ǰ֣֮
СҲ̫Ե˰ɣ
޹ģЩЦá
һ˼ҵĵǳҲˣȻ˳ԣֱǿоʮ㣡

һСվһСûȥϵĵǳԣֻһķƣ΢΢ıǿףһŷ˹

ڷƵԺ𣬿ԼϵСƵŴ۵Ĵ㵡

ƵԲ۾°ͶѾˣȻһе
ţżĵ
С˸˸ĵͷ
ѵ
ƻЩӦͷһƬģģһ뵽˱Ƶƣǵαȡ˵ѪҺ
Сǳͯ˫ûɵһۣݺݵĵһС򣬽С֮ϣ԰ɣû˸
лл
СڷԺһƬǣǸоһѹ̸ʱһצеǣתηĿŷеС
ɵģ
Сһĵ⣬۾һɡ
Ȼ۸Լͷˣ
ԡ
СˮӣƵһ¾ˣĶС˵ԣô
˵գݺݵĵһС򣬾
ţ
͵ģתȥƿڵļˣгɽ֮ڣʱһ
СӣȻû
ҧȵھǺݶͬʱһĨ޷ѹֵĵ
꣬û
ڹ꣬һΣҲģ
˵ţһɨ֣ƽʣͬʱһץС
ᣡ
𣬽ţһӰЯصƣŷ˹


457 
Σаȫ֪ʥҲκβ֮̾ظһ
ⶼʵ£
룬ӶЩ˵ջж
һʱ䣬ʮľǿ߷׷׳֣Ŀһ£ֱָеС
ߣ
ɫһ䣬һһĨЦЦ⣬֣侧ϣţһ
ৣ
˾ôƾյʧ٣û˿ĺۼѰ
أأأ
һգ첻ϣȴǶһӿݵһƬҳ𣬾翪ȥ
ô£Сӵ׵ȥˣ
˷׷ȻĴѰңȴŷɽ֮ѾǿյһƬһ͵̾ĺۼϻԵС
ȫСӸռˣ
˳ʻļУгŨŨĲʡ
һͨ鱦ֺһλҩʦӣ޼۵Ŀ
Ȼȫһڵռˣõˣܹģ
Сӣ
һҪ֮ʬΣ
ҹ
Щ˺ҵĹɽںǽһƬҳ졣
ȥˣ
ҲɻˣٶȣδҲ̫˰ɣȻԼ۾Ҳӹ
ã
ĶһתǳɽȥһȺ˷׷Ч£Ȼ֪ΪΣǣԾѾԼ˵Ƥˡ
һڶѣ
˲һ𣬴˴ΣΧɱѾڽ֮ˣ츳꣬ȷõз
⣬ǰһУõҵ𺳣

ৣৣৣ
һӰȺΧɱУβϵĺ֣Ⱥ֮ţЩ˵Ϯ
ּ䣬ѾһƬǽ壬忪һƬܿĿյأϿӿݣܲƽңһϮգΧĴػڲϵը
ʱÿ̤룬ֻǰ׶ѣľ޴һֱ侧ά֣ʱڵ侧˵Ҳܼѡ
˻
ԶΧߣʱǵһ
ٶȣƹȣֱټѰͻأʧȻƾճһ㡣
ĹȾҲ߱ڼʮǿߵΧ£κεĻңͬͥϷˣЩһ㡣
ϤƵľϤƵˣи
ڰǰ걻Χʱ򣬿ɲ߱˵ٶȣʱ˹ȵ˭ҲסҲͲᱻƵˡ
һƬ䣬ǰˣڵķΣһɨۼ䣬ȻҲԶϵǿػ
ֻΪ֮һۣĲɵΪ֮һһƬ
û˭ǰʵʲôӵģǺֵӰһĨ޷ѹֵĿ־壬ҲĸΪˣĳȥ
Եĸӣ޲Ǵ㵵Ŀ쳣ľٶ
⻹ǰǸߣ߰ƥĿ˵ô
ǰĿ־ɫǿһ㣬Ƿĵ׵η壡

ٺ٣׷ɱô
ȫһ˲ɨһۣһɭȻĻȣһͷ
ƺף϶ԼͷϣֻЩҲ֪С͸Ӳ˵ˣЩ˵Ǿջ
ӵУǾ൱߶һܼĴ֣ʥ˵ĳǿĳӵУƾһǾܳΪ߸ڵ
ԣƿϢһаڣԶŹԼ
ȻˣԼֻʲôأӵ̤е츳оԱ
ȻҪɱǾɱɣ
һĿ侧һ֣޷桯ϣۺĳŲԶһ˺ȥ
ɱڳ꣬غԵĸ𣬸ٴУԪڳ壬ּȾɸɫ磬ΧĲľǱɶȥ
һھ꣬Ȼ˴ѹɼѾǹȰٶв˿־塣
ʱϵھӢƵģֱҪѪ
Լ˾ȻһССڸϷˣˣ
ʮȻһˣŪڹ֮䣬һȥǻԼô

ɱӷƿ³ǰĮõԶһԵڵء

ΧԵļһĿⶼǵӰԪڳ壬ŵĽס


458 Χɱ
ֻΪһһ仰ȴõǿ˽ţ½ϣֻһӵ
ţǹٶȣ
ƾ̤еʥҲûܽ£ɼ켶ģȻƲǧ֮һǣڶԸǾѾ㹻ˡ
ָգҪɱԼŵδڵǿɫǱøѿ˼֣׷׶׷ȥ
ৣৣৣ
䣬Ʊ۽˹ٴеļӣأԹһĨаȵЦ⡣
ৣ
ֱӳڼİΧȦڣţôһͷһͷʬѪȥ
ߣ
Χһؿһƣһ죬һѪ˳ৣһʧԭء
ɽڳˣǿǳͷ­ͻأʧꡣ

Ĳҽг絶ھǳѪ˿һɺޱߵڳ
ȫѪҲϣʱȴǱͷ­
һУӰ
СҶҪɱ㣡
ŭ쭷ŰϯƬɽһÿò𣬱ƬҵĽ
ô
ƲƲǣӰٴ첻׽
ȥ
ɫһȭһˮװ׳ȭͷ籡˳ʱ죬ΧĿռ䵴һۿɼ֮ľ٣ظѽڡ
ৣ
һƵκ޹켣ԵĳƫҰ׿⣬ǡöϮɱ
һƬ𺣣з
ǿӹɣܵģǱߣҲشûнҿԡ
оյĶΧƬɽֻѾȼ˹ƬҲյһƬͨ졣
ȹ󣬳ɽ˺ܿͷӦ˹
ץס꣡
ˣ
һľǿ߷׷׳֣һҲ̲סˣֳŷվ֮̽ȥ
ȻҪץ
ߣ
Щڵ̰ɫһƬ䣬ûнңâһȻˣǾͱˣ
ৣ
һʧԭأֱԶӶȥ
ã
ڳɫһ䣬һǸңжǻˡ
ǰնɱͷ­ģм˸˵Լܱģ
ˣػǵҲˣٴС
һھ꣬ȻõȺľ
꣡
һɭиһͷ­ٴڣǲãһƬҰ
û֪굽γǿػȦڵģǹȰٶ޿׽ûκεסû˿Ĺ켣ԡ
Ĺ죬õûΪӳʥƵ
ŵ伮أǹȵ˵ƺǰֵû
ѵ꾹Ȼ̳츳
ţвһͫڶ¶һĨ˼ɫ
Ȼÿ˶𣬡ǲܵġǣǰΪǣʵ
뵽Ϊڳ޲һɿ־ɫ
һţ
һ˫˫֮ڣǺ
ھѾˣǵڳ󲿷˶ʳѰ
ǣǸǽ޶ȣʱɽ֮ľ飬رѣؼһƬ谵ĩգƬ򣬶ǵ֮ڡ
ߣ
֣һͬǧɽƱѹ˹ƺһɫǺ죬ǰϮһٴʧ
ֶΣûаȫ֮أƸУѪֽͼũҩڵڶΣѾˡ
ǲˣ
һɨܣΪһȥ
Ҫˣ
ңѾɱˣҲﵽЧˡ
ԼǺǵģ
̶̵ļǧ׾룬ڷ˵ȴͬڹɽ𺣣֣ƺͼһǸλŷǰ״ؽԾݡ
룬Ƕᱻѹķǡ

һȹһγεİΧ֣ʱǲѷˡ
û뵽Щ˾ȻôͶԼȱݣ֣Ųϱƽзࡣ
ס֣
һƴԶϯƺƴġ
һλˣ
λͬʱԸһڵ꣬ʷǰģΣڽˣ


459 ݻ
ɣ
ŷʧһ˲䣬ͻȻϮڳ壬ɱһУֱٷơ
ң
ΪŭһͬΪܣֱڻͷ­֮ϣϻҽưĻֱӱֻһԭأһƬڡ
ţһӵӰƬڳ֮ϣͬoΧǳɱһеϮǱǲεޣӰ첻˿
ԣһλĳǿߡ
أ
Ӿ½Ҳĳϣֵķз֮Ǵа
һԳճɾ

ΪշڵԴϢʱ䣬üͷȴǽ塣
۳أʱľ棬ǳܹƵģңϢֻ¾ҲŹԼɣ
أ£
ɫѿйâ˸
ηأѾ֮ãȻǳ½ܱȵģ֮˵ļɵأΪĶ磬żҵ
˵ǶżҪɱûдĿܣΪżҵڣǿһλʵĳܣΪ̫ϳ֮һ
ԣԳصľٶ˼һȥȻҲ֪ôġ
ǿΪ磬ǵǿ߲ˣʱܻᱻĨɱ
ৣ
ڷƵԣǰ꣬ҲΪ𺳡
ǰľƣԸԼҲ´࣬ǣȴڶԸڵֵ꣬˵ǰ꼫Ĳ򵥣ңѾһҲҪɵĵز
Ǻǣ
˸˸ŷº͵˵ţɱǿˡ
λٸ߽𣬾ȻΧɱһ꣬Ҫȥ֪ж°ҪѾˡ
ٺ٣
ƵɫѾĻָ˺ɨһΧж顣
Լڶѣȴõ˶ǿĴ˼ɣѾ֮ˣѪǰҲһڵҫ
㳡棬˲һĿⶼǿλ
ΪĶżңɫҲǺΪѿ˸˸ЩɻĿŷƣжһͷ
ѵƷǶż֮ˣƷֻǻѣ
Ƕż֮ˣǾҪؿˣȻԸߣǣԳܣʥ˱ӻȻֻ·һ
ĹͣǴ˾٣ǽô
תȥǳ
⻰жһᡣ
ԭǶż֮ˣֻǳ֮ʶѡ
Ȼ˵ڵʵǿɲܹĵġ
أ㵽ǺôĿѵǹɣ
վߵǸӣüͷ΢壬â˸ǰһеĻƺǲмһˡ
֮һ֮壬ҲǺΪԣΪڶǹϵȻʸ˵
ͷڳ˶˿ƶǻڳֱָơ

سһƾϯЩƾ飬˸˸ɨЩû˸ӣ׷׶ǵͷȥ
أѵôҸ㣬˵ţûУ
ǹǸЩҧ˵š
ɳأΪʶңػŶżôǿĺ̨֧ţֻģνһٶã˰ռΪС
ƨ
ŭˣŭȡ
ô˵棬˱ǹӳ鴤ɫҲǱĺѿ
³أٶСӣ
һ䣬ȶ֣ĳһơ
ȥ챦˵ȻɳǾĸ󻼣ʱĿɾԼˡ
ߣҰסǣ
غһ䣬ӭȥͬʱһĳһơ
ڸղţҲɹǲɳǰģǴڵĳ濴ԼкĿģر˻ĵԼġ
Сģ
ѾûʱԥˣһƱǳһ̤ȥ
û˿Ĺ켣ԣ˭Ҳ֪һ֮أֻܲϵչԼķΧѹΧ
һƬһƬĴȥɽ֮һƬǽ塣
˫Ŀ˸˸רЩģҵǿţȻҲһĴˣǶ˵ҲڳܷΧ֮ڡ
֮飬ڴ˼£պضŰݷã
ԶԶƮõĳϵĴҲͣ


460 ֮
ɽѣݣľɽʯԾ꣬ϣͬһսһ㣬һƬǽľ
֮飬ڴ˼£պضŰݷã
Զȥš
պضŰݷã
һ仰õȫһа
ǻһˣǱض᲻Ϊ⣬ǣ꣬ΧӶȥˡ
ˣ˭ܺԣ

ǹѿɫشЦЦޱȵĳ졣
ǰǲô£ˣƣҲ̫ˣǰĹûкۼȷǿ˸˭Ҳеͷۣ
һھ꣬Ȼõٸ߽Ϊ֮ͷۣҪ˳ȥǲ֪ûĺ䶯
׷
ǹݺݵĹ˳һۣƺһ𣬳ŷķ׷ȥʱƿƬɽ֮쳹ϡ
ǻǲҶأȲ˵Ҫģżҳܶǵʵ̫ˣﲻ𰡣
Ͱ
һЦ⣬ԶȥӰ֣ɫҲ
о̬ƺˡ
õǹҲ̲ס֣Ǿв˵Ķڣ
ڲΪһգϢᱻ˴ʱȻܹ֪ˡ
ৣ
лЩǷƵİΣȥ
һҪҳһҪ
ƬɽЩҰ޴ЩΪй޵ǿУɽ֮һĨѪζ
ֻǣʱķѾǧ֮ˡ
һƬּ䣬޺֮£ɽƺ俪һ󶴣Ͷ޸ڵĴˡ
ԼһʱǲҰֽɫǻָ˺ڵĴҲȫֻü֮仹һĨŨŨƣ
ľ磬ϵ̤УȻ侧άֲڵԪϵƣɲũҩܹεġ

ĺ˿۾ҲЩ
ҪϢһʱУ
ǹƣ֮⣬˾֮ͫڣâ˸ɨһȦ˷Ǳϣ˺ÿʱңظһΣȻٴαΧûеڶԼˡ
һǾ죬֮ڣаȴΪٴεĴһΡ
ֵڣʱ䡣
ӵͨ鱦׷ɱ¶ǵƣ֮ԣھͳڣʤʮڵҲΪ֮ܡ
ٴΪͨ鱦ĴԶ׷ɱǿнٳ׷ɱȽ뵽˻
漣ʼˡ
뵽˽ǵûһͨ鱦ҩʦҲΪ֮۲ܴʥᣡ
ͷȵĺᣬǻպһҲû˿⣡
ʣ˭ܹջ󣿾ǴܣҲҪΪ֮ۺ죡
֮飬͸õаΪ֮ˣһЩˣǽ¼˵伮֮ϡ
ƪһ仰񼣣
Ȿ伮ˣ仰ȷֻˡ
꣬ʮ꣬ΪߣҲڶѣǣȴ⵽ٸ߽ĹͬΧɱȵ£Ȼ׵ŵͷףŵѪ
֮󣬸λٸ߽ΧɱΪصĳ֣סǹĽŲӼٸ߽ƺݣȻûסȥĽŲ룡
ʣ¼Զʱڵֽ񣬿
Ȼõ伮ҲҲ
ȵû˿켣ͷͬûǴ˵лĹ֮츳
˵ܹ̤УһǧצµʥˣǿɲͬΪޣ߰룬ˣ׻꣬ǶǹԹԵΪס
꣬ƺе̤е츳Ȼͬһ㣬һǧҲͬ޺ۼ޿׽
аΪϢˣˣȻҲ츳
ֵǶ֪˹ᣬһȭҲҪܵˣɱǶ֪СŹһСǿ
ô˵Ƿ츳ķ츳أ
ҲɣҲֻЩѣ̤У򱻹᳹ĺϡ
ǲܹ̤еĹ


461 Ų
ⳡ£Ѿǽˣÿ죬ﶼǿĽ
ݵĴأٵɽʯƬɽǧ֮ڶһƬǽ壬羭һսһ㡣
ǣֻڶԸһڵѣ
ǰľ˳ĬˣҪȥմֵˣҲеǸͷ
ԲǸԣ
ٿЩŵЩɳȫӢǣЩףΪôˡ
츳֮꣬ΪУʳѰ
˵ֽѾˣպٲƾƿصᣬպһţû˿⡣
ԣҪûгɳͳ
ԴˣûмԸ˻ˮ֮У꣬츳ʵ̫ˣ

үүôˣ
ţǼԼүүŲɣһվſڡ
Ǹ˹ң
Ųɱ֣żϹŶڶĿ£ֱŴȥ
ǳƫԺٵȥ
ظ磬鷳Ҫǫŵ㡣
˵Ļ£ЩϹŶһֱ⣬ֱڳؽ΢ת
ģǶˣοɲΪЩ¡
İοҲһĨӡ
ǰ¼ҽԼǣ˽ȥЩϹŶסǾ͹ˡ
عһǼϹŶȫǶ
үүλ
΢΢ףĻ
ʶǸƷ٣
Ų˿ɵʵųأܾЩˬ
ԼϲĵŮȥһΣȻͱëСӸˣкƢô
Ϊ˵ŮҸסһĳ嶯ԣزŽҵĻ
Ĺ۲죬رǳں̵ܶʱھͻõϹŶ΢Щ⡣
ʶ
ص˵ͷǵ˵š
ʲôˣʲô
Ųһ٣ٴʵ
һСѣΪ˼ҸСŮ˼˼ԲŽʶ
һϹŶ쳤Ķ䣬аЦȴǺε˵ûἰԼѯʹҲͬڵֻǣȴܾˣʱһúܲ˼飬
ذٵ˵ţʵб˭Ҫ𾪣Ϊ֪ƲһʳСļѡ
ʳ൱аһţôһ֮µһСѣ
ǣⲻǳС֮ڣȴ߳һадСĳ
˵ĻشõļϹŶüͷ
ˣ£ûˣǲµģ
ڼǧǰһҵӵܳ츳ʱҲǾа򣬸ڸŵȫǰȥս⣬ȫǰ£󣬴аʥسһλԸ׾ƣ֮ƽ֡
һż¶ϵ챦ʱһаǰʮųϣ׷ɱߣҵһλܣһˣֱӽǸǰʮŸһɶڵǸܣҲǧӣǳᡣ
ԿɼҵĿֲ̡
ڣƵǺΪƣκһĿеŵӵı׼
õ£ûȥ׷ɱƷ٣ңڻ֮ڣǶȥ
Ϊǲҵӵܣƾʱ¶츳ϹŶǹ˼ˡ
ŲŬŬ죬û뵽ĿùСӣ츳ңƺԵҲͦġ
ʲôҪ㾡Ҫ
˶٣ŲüֻǣĿǰҵɳȥȻֹڵĲɣˣֻҲҵ⣬ԣһЩ飬Ҫȥɣܷ
ȻϵĶˣǣǶȾ棬˵òõõõҲ뱻׷ɱĸֵС
ңҵˣǾһ㣬˭ͱ˭ڵҲܲһҵŭ
λУȻ߾ȫȥɣ
һϲæӦ
š
ŲɵȼϹŶĵ˵ͷ
£飡
仰һϹŶڳǧл֮߳СԺ
ظ磬үүûΪɣ
˹ǴƫԺ첽˳ǵĿųء
Ǻǣ㿴µô
غǺһЦ˶ǳϲ죬ǲûΪңΣˣ
ģ
Ȼ


462 յ㶫
¼䣬ƻʮطûһǾ԰ȫģҲѣ̵ģʮʱͱҵˣⲻ̾޿ײ롣
ǣ
ͫ˸˸֮ͫڣӰٵжһһĮĺۼ
Ȼ֪ЩΪ˽ԭ
ʮɣһڵȫڳֳС飬ÿһСٶһ˴죬ȻЩ֮ͽǿǰģȴ׷ɱһڣõаڶпͬʱҲǴڹ
Ϊ̫ˣ츳õľ壬ԸһڵҲԸôһûꡣ
ৣ
ʵһۣһʧԭء
һƾڵֶΣնɱģ㲻ܵжԣҲܴݵ룬ˣǾֻˣȻǾͻᱻһ١
ԣѡã
׷ɱܺô
ǰӶӰһƬ䡣
ЩƺԼ٣ȥаųǵĵͰİΧȦұһڸڣʮλõķƺջ
Լѵľô۸ô
Ȼ棬ҾǺúõ棡
ƵһζĻȡ
۸ЩϵģѵԼСôƤѾ˺ˣǾѾûֵҪˣ׷ɱӵ̤츳Լ˵Ǽֱ׾ٵģ

һоˣɽ֮߳뵽һСڡ
ƹģþƺò˸Ͻù
һƹݵţһӱǺ
߷Եȣ
ƹһӣһ˸ŲҲҵǼҴҵĳźȥ
ģٿžƹڣһ˫˫η񣬾˶һԵãֱ߰ӹϣֱߵмһ¡
СطСطʲô˶Խ
ǰ˵ǸЩ˵ţĻõľƹڵӶһ飬ȴŭԡ
ˣһŵӣӣҵػɼڵݿɶͣӵĻ˵պΪĴڡ
ˣСƹڵɢǵģȻڱˣҲֻǿ̣Ȼֻ·һ
ǸƷ٣ôҪÿ¶޻ҰһķҲԲ
һӱԹ
ûǼһֻ󣬳֪ӣ¶棬һûһ˿Сӵľˣ
ӣѵбıô
û
˵Ʒ٣Ƕҧгݣ˺壬ƺ֮֮ǡ
Ϊ߸ϵǣֱͷԼˣǶĴһݶʼɣǧټƵģǶҪ˲ȻԼȥ
ǵĻƹڵ˶֮Աǣа⼸ûӡ
˼Ҳһھ˶ѣȴʮȫһǹԤĺݣˣȴ˼һëҲûô£˼ó˵
飬ǿУȴǳҫȴ룬ݣȥԸǶǴ´ˣȴǻһû취⻹˵˵Ĳô
ӣ
ʱӣҲһֱ¡
˵Сõ᣿
һӴЩʵĿʵ˵Ʒھ̰ɫ
һǶһԵ˵ǣϹŶҲΪ֮ۺ죡
ţ
һӵ˵ͷҲͬһ̰ɫ˵һʦʱڳĿСᣡ
ᣬǿʥҲΪ֮޿κε
нһ
СӺεºܣȻ᣿
ߵǸӺǲ޵˵ţƺֻӵһ㡣
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ꣬һ˺ᡭ
Сǹʺ˰·ȴһԵ
ϧ
˸пţവţԽ˵Խ𾢣ֱ˵Ҫƻܣȡ챦ƽ֡
˷׷Ц⻹֪˭˭أǿߵػ£ǶǸȥͷ­ǣЬʸûУ
͹٣Ҫʲô
ʱƹ߽һˣƹһǳʵ
Ǻǣյ㶫ġ
ЦһЦƺծҵǷծһ㡣
Ʒ٣
һӲһۣǼվھƹſڴ꣬ʱг


463 ծ
ִ֪кʱõƹڵȫǳſڿȥ
һ꣬Ц⣬嵭վû˿Ƶ¶ȥһѰͨû
Ʒ٣
ǷӣôȻľ͸˵ͷ
¼ķƵФ񻭱аڡС򴫿ףа˵Ѿʲôˡ
ৣৣৣ
߶ʱٴУӵ󣬶ǽƱŷξ飬ƹһƬǽ壬ľʵĵز֮ƹڵҲ˳ȥˤƤף󣬶ͷҲصĳԶȥ
ˣǴ¼֮󣬵һι
Ǻǣôֻ˶ѡ
ЦһǹһĨζЦ⣬ȴһƬ䡣
Ʒ٣㾹Ȼҳ֣־ܣϵ챦ҵȻȫʬ
һ۾⣬ţƺѾ֮׸ˡ
ԴĻֹԶˣҲһ顣
ŵδŵϣô
֪ΪΣжһɱ
ЩڵĻ䣬ûоκεķ紵վѳɴպҲǸðʧѡ
¾Ͳˡ
ƲЦ̿ţҡҡͷһ䣬ΪǻǷҶծģ
Ļõһһۣ˱ǳŷƳɱ˹վԭأػŵδϣ
ųɱˣһаȵĻȡ
ৣ
޺ۼģʧԭأͬһ˵Զ
Ӧ̫ˣ
ϷʵӺ󷽴õļжǸоһëȻ
˼ҽһϢˣ
ǻѪҺġ޷桯ָٴһڰ׿⣬һգۼû޾ɽ֮ڡ
꣡
ͷͷʬѪԵȥ˫֮ڳŲã㵣Ҳ֪Լôġ
ģ
ɫǱúΪҰף׷𣬳ŷ֮׷ȥڶྪĪˡ
ɨ䣬ǶǷ˶Էڵ𾪡
Ĺȣ봫еûƾûڵȴܽһϷˣ֮䡣
һĴǴʮŵŵϮϢʱ䣬ʮ𣬹ʮһɣʮӵܱȥͷ­
ƵĿͷծˣյֻϢѣȵӵ˾ԵʵǾծĿʼ
ѪծѪǺ۸ģ
˺ֶΣõΪ֮𾪣ͬʱõЩ˷Ƶеֻţ׷׽ӵȫţЩɵҲˣǱɱ
ЩӵܣΣǶһŵδûЩӵܣӣôǸžͲߵͷˡ
ߣˣ
ͫѰһҲûҵţҲֻա
ӵ츳ǿԿǣҲûԴΪԼܴһŵĵز
취ȥаųǲУ
Ƶüͷ
Ϊ£Ѿ˷˼ʱˣûʱȥˣ
ϵԼ֮꣬Ů֮ڣҲ꣬ԼԼһֱ޲ߣ
ڣЩȥаųǵĵΧסƾȵٶȣҲû㹻ͻơ
һڣһ֣ҪԵģɾ
˼룬Ҳû뵽õİ취ֻһһˡ

죬ͫɨΧȴǼһϤӰ

һһһò֮ϣһЦˡ

ǰ紺꣬سĴЦСӹȻǺģ
ǰ᲻صĴ˷һȭھǸп
ӵһμ棬;ãܲ򵥣ǣȴҲڣ׵Ŀˡ
СӲֹǲ򵥣һͷβĹ̥
ǰĺݣǲˣỳǲҪӲĳλˣȴǽݣǰڶླϡ
˵ʲô˵еĵλѾǳܼˣ
ٺ٣
ƺһЦһȻĻȣ˸Щɨųء
ϴΪ֣ԼŴΣǷҲ֣֮ܽͻعؿأ


464 ǧ
壬Ǹٺ٣ܲܰæ
ͷЩ̫Ȼ˵š
ߣ֪Сڴʲô⣡
ûķ˷ۣߵ
ҲԼŶżĴڣȻԼûʸЩһȥ棬Ҳ壬Ϊᡣ
ٺ٣
ƺЦһڴĿ
Լϲ𰡣ʱ˵ܽȣ
ΣֻҲˡ
ؿЦڷɻĿ¿³֣ǹ
ǹ
һɫЩѿ
ԵģϴǹɳһɱԼǾѾԼĿǰԼֳ츳õǹˣԣξǳĶżңҲˣܵǣɳˣҲͬżųܵļ塣
ôˣ
ķѿɫЦ
£
䣬Ȼ˵µӦǣ
죬һǣ޾һУ
ӵͫʵ̤еֻҪԼײȥٴαΧȥаųǣһܹܣֻʱѣ
ȷ
ظпĵ˵㣬ڷֳһĨ𶯡
ǵģ壬ңǣЩɣʵǰǹǶ
Ѱأⶼ˵һ⣬Ǻɳ
Ǻǣȥаųǰɣ
Цһʵ
ʵǹˣΪӷһֵĵ򣬵λãһ·£ǳһ΢ֱߣĿĵأֱָаųǣ
š
ƿЦŵ˵ͷ
ʵⲻѡ
ڷƴ㵵Ŀ£ؼ͵ԹȥаųǣֻҪһ
ʲô
㶣΢ٵʵ

֣óһӵľֱӵݸơ
ֳۣڷǰ
ǧף
֣õķ۾һûԥֱӴ˾ᡣ
һļɣ似ؼһű֮ڸı֮ã
ңҪǧϵļɸıĲֹͣһģ
˵ûʲôôĶǣڵķ˵ǿһ屦
ӵǼɣȷܹȥаųǣ
л壡
Ƹмĵ

ʱȴЩˣЦʵⲻ׼ġ
Ŷ
һоâһ
š
̹ϵĵ˵ͷ
Ǻǣˣ
˼һбˡ
ƾϵԼԴˣҲûжķУ෴ģܸмء
Ϊؿ֪Լ˵ĶܾͲˡ
ߣǧףȷԼҪĶ
ˣ
ķ⻰زǷеĵǣ³һ
÷Լ֮Ҫļ϶
ˣҲˣƺ뵽ʲô¶һĨҸЦ⡣
ܴΪҲеС
֣óһݸأ͸ϲģʺá
ʲô
ɻʵ֣УİڷʮƬͬʵһҶ˸ͬһ㡣
ѵǡ
һҶӣһ伮Ͽĳʥ״ΪƣҲԶ
ҶһƬʮʮƬǾ൱ڰܱһλ
еõģ룬ϲӦõĵԣͲˡ
Ī£һЦ˵š
⣬Ϊ⣬һΪͣͽżܽߣԣŰѣڣѾʮüˣǲܽߣûжˡ
л
ѹеļֵ
ûʥôģЩ飬ʵǲ֪ȽϺá
һʳô
ʱҲˣ֣Լ͸꣬أǿȫ½Ľأʥ˽Ƕɡ
Ҷڽ֮ڣôģ
Ǻǣⲻҵһѡ
Цһֵ壬鷳תǣ飬ˣպ
Ҷ͸ػУ͸ǻֳָʲôԣǲΪá
ţף
պУص˵ͷ

˶ӳЦЦޱȵʹ졣
֮Σֹͷģûб¶ƵɹӮ˷ƵΡ


465 ٹų
ɽ֮ڣдУİּ䣬һӰͬһں֡

ͣ˽Ų侧ϣĺ˿ţ˱˷츲صı仯
̺겻ˣվһ鲼ۣͷĹ°ϳûйιĺѾǳһ֮ݴ󺺣óһĺһң󣬾һߡ
ǰ֮ΧͰһĹؿǲźۼ䣬ƱǴּ߳ͨаųǵĴϣŴ󲽣ǰؿȥ
ͣ£
ǽӽƱǱͣˡ
û°
ӳԼƹģ
ûз£ǲ˵ģ
һǵһ˫Ϊ۾ڷɨɨȥƺҪҳʲô
ֻǣȴҪʧˡ
ʹǧ׵ķƣʱݾ䣬ҲһװףһΪһߴ׳
ڣ˷Լû˻ϳ
ʵ㣬Ҷ
һҲǳš
ǣ
æͷһ֣һ侧źۼУλи㡣
һ׳ȴĥ䣬ǲҪôô
ɱСֻһ侧Ҫ֪ÿ·ˣǿǲ٣һǧǧ侧Ƕյ
ˣϽ
ɫ侧Ǹӹͷš
лл
лƱͨһؿĲ㣬ǵһ侧£ֻǻĿ侧ͨ⿴Ʋͨعؿ
Χɣ
һζĻȣٶȣƱǳаųǳȥ

аżΪĹʱս֮һƬż֮ڣʥҲ˲ڣ޾£ЩǿߵľǿƥżںУǶֻ·һҲҪá
ԣ½ÿһƬżǶͬڽĴڣ̳ĵпëϣ쾧ҲʲôܵˣԽǿĵشëϵģǾԽпܿ쾧ԣЩļƷëϣǶѪģļǮȻҲǹĺΪס
аųǣԶʱڱǴˣҲǴӻĹǴδսΨһµĹųǣԭȻΪսʱܿΪǽ֮ϣԶʱµԲűȫ

ԶԶĿȥаųһͷɫľһߵأˣķԶԶĿţϢĴ
˵аųǾѹż֮õģΣ˲֪ܵаųãֻаʥ
ΪԶĹųǣ
Ӷְͬһʯѹļ䣬õķƵĺࡣ
ͫ˸˸ԶĹųǣ֮ͫڣųǱǱһģ
һӨӨ˸˸ܲڳǽ֮תϣųڣڹų֮ڣһ޴Ĺ֣Ϣ룬ǽЩܲΪתġ
ѵѹʲô
Ҫƴ֮µȴǷ֣һƬڣӰԶʲô
ͫľ磬ЩӵĴҲǵؼнңΪͫ⣬һĵؼ߽ͫҲ֮ϡ

ĺ˿ڳͫڵ滺ȥڵӣ޵ףǳ
ûж룬ƱǳŹųȥ
ǵķã÷΢΢һ
һ侧
ſǺѹѹȺЩ㶣һһ侧мǧɣһаųǹǽǷѣǲռ侧˳߷ڣһʮֻҲпܣôһأһأʮأ
ͻȻģƾԼ
ԭʮ侧Լ㣬Ҫ侧ȡٶ쾧ڿǸξʹˡ
ʮ侧Ĵʲô
Цҡҡͷ߽˹ų֮ڣǰľõ˿
һɫĹڴڽֵԣŸɫԶһɸһ㣬Ρ룬ġ
ЩòҲԶʱİɣ
Ʋɡ
һڣǳ˲ֹϵϢҲ֪˶ˣңȽĽҲΪͬ
Ҹطס˵
ܣ׼һΪĿջƱȥ
ջаųֻ֮һ㣬ǣס޷ȴǸߵףʮ侧һ죬룬ЩߵȵĿջ۸ָҪ٣


466 ʯ

ڴϣƺܿ˯ˡ
Щĵȷƣаųǣ˿еķԺĵ˯һˡ
£
һϤϤһͷð˳ĺᣬС
΢΢嶯ټıǿףһ˫۾֮ڱһĨ⣬Ťͷһ˯ķƣڳԻһ㶣ŷϵϢ˿һ˿
ৣ
һϸ΢죬Сͬһʧ٣֪ȥʲôطֱ·طƵڣʲôҲûз
ʱʱ䣬ֱո߹ңƲ۾
ܿģϢһ飬С
ֱ֣̾˯ʵС˳
֮ӣ

ֱڷԺõúܲ˼顣
뵽ͨҲͻˡ
ֻǣСĳƺȴõЩ̫ðԼȻ֣
ȿȣСһԻƺ
ƸɿĿǶС˵
ѵҪô
΢ЩʵСһ˫ҲǷֳˮǿ
ûвҪ
˫ˮӣƲеͷۡ
֪ΪΣΪǵѪҺȻСһϵѪһ㣬ʱСǿģƱ

֣ó˵Сǰ
ѽ
ƺŵζСڴð˳һ˫Ĵ۾ֱֱСצץǣ¶һĨѡ
û£
ûһѽ˻ȥ
ৣ
һ˳ڲԶֱֱĶСһ˫۾֮ڳв֮⣬õСͣ˿ҧĶηĿ
ڣҰô
Сһ䣬ǺݺݵĵһС򣬾£вζŨõСȥ
СƣСƺʲôûҶ̣еĿ鵰ǣֺԵĵݸС飬֮һ
һʲô
С򣬷𺳡
СĺᰡȻ˵ľֻĪСޣݸжôĲˡ
ѵ֮ϵޣ
Ʋˡ
ޣؼּ£ķĹȣǶ޿ҵģѵʲôЩ֮ϵģ
伮ûйⷽļأԣҲ޴֪ǲ²͸Сʵݡ
óȥˣ
վϴˢһƱǳȥ
ĿֵžͽһСͶʯȥ
棬ڳ壬ɫâ˸ƵԣÿһëϿȥǺΪƺܿ쾧ļƷ
ΧëϣܱȵʱķЩߵëˣõķипȻһϵġ
۸Ҳû֮⣬ףһ㶼һ侧ϣǽڷŵЩ޹ë϶λϡ
Щǧëϣеĸ˼뵴Ȼ޴档
ҲֻСʶѡ

˿ûȥѡЩâëϣǳһԺëȥ
ĶǸĹһĨʧЦӯӯĸȥ
СҲⰡⲻܲ
Сʾ£ѡʮ侧ëϣʮϣ˳ȥ
꣡
ͫͫע£ǰëڷ֮ڣģܿ侧ǿë֮һĨӨ֮Ĵڣǿ֮ڣȻҲӨĴڣȴûǰǿôۣԵĺΪɢ
ĶʮëϸĹ۲һ飬Ʒֻ֣ȥӨ۵ĳ̶ȣ⼸ʲֻ嵽ɼʶѡ
ص㣬ӦӨĺۼ侧ëϣӨĺۼһ㶼ԼĹɣϵĻڵӨתͲй̶ĹɣԵҡ
һ֣õķϲԺ󣬾ǲСѡ侧ļҲа˳ɣ
󣬷ѡ˼ë侧ëȣǷвͬĹɡ
һ죬ƶڸСͶʯЩĹ۲죬ټϷϴڵľ飬ƽ٣ڣͨë֮ѡ徧ļʣѾܸߴųɣ
ӵͫ
ڷͫѡ֮ʱԵĶĹܹʵ
š
Ʋ÷ĵ˵ͷ
аųһһȵʯʦȥμô
ĹЩɻʵ


467 ʥ
ΪжʯĴڣʯʦݣҲ൱ĳߵģرǸ߽׵ʯʦǸʮϰ侧
ʯʵʯ֮һδƴǴ࿴صĲǽƷĶ٣Ǵ
ʵһһȵʯаųʵҲʲôϡ£Ϊаʥٰ죬ΪĸȽףÿһȽ׵ĽƷǶͬ
ƼڽƷΪһ侧ڶǧ侧ǧ侧ǰʮһǧ侧ǰһһ侧
ڽƷΪʮ侧ڶ侧侧ǰʮһ侧ǰһΪһǧ侧
ؼڽƷΪһֵʮ侧֮ڵƷ쾧ʮ侧ڶֵΪʮ侧֮ڵƷ쾧һ飬ʮ侧ֵΪʮڵƷ쾧һ飬ʮ侧ǰʮΪʮ侧ǰһΪһ侧
켶ڽƷΪʮƷ쾧ֵ侧ңһ侧ڶֵƷ쾧ʮ飬һ侧ֵһ侧ڵƷ쾧ʮ飬һ侧ǰʮΪһ侧ǰһΪʮ侧
һα뻨ǧ侧ıȻһһΣɼаʥصĵ̸жôĿ¡

Ŷ
ĹٵĽܣ˸ҲЩ
Ҫģ쾧ѩ̿ңҲõ֪쾧ļ۸ͨƷ쾧Ҫ侧õķưԽп࣬Ʒ쾧ʮϣƷҪʮңԼϵʮ侧ҲܻһƷ쾧ѡ
켶ģȻƷḻӦûϷˣΪʱƵͫǵؼ߽׶ѣŵʸҲû߱
Ȼʵ׵ıԼʵΪʯʦмԸͷ¶㻨
ʯȣص㻹ڵؼ
ƵĿҲǵؼǰһ쾧
ԴˣǺĵģ
Ǻǣ룬ƾʦֶΣӦܹȡһóɼġ
Ĺٺǿ˵š
ʵҲһ׻ѣһֱͨë˵ĽλǺܸߡ
ٺ٣Ҳɡ
һЦëϻһëϣǶл
֮󣬷ƱǴݵ߳˶ʯ
л
Ĺ㶣һë֮ϵıۣʮһǧҡƲƲ죬ЩȤԪһ
ţһǳ֮е⣬ͫչ֮ھǲ˼ɫ
ȻǿƷ
Ө˸˸Ĺ𾪵ױȡ
ѡһëϣľȻһƷѵżȻô
֪ΪΣԺֳָ˫Զ
ӦãֻǴɣ
ĬĬеûȥ롣

ʣʯĵصģ
˶ʯǰĴ֣ƲԼ֪ʯȵĵصģֻһ·ˣΪʵ
ʯ֪ģ
һ㶣ʵ㲻ǳųǰɣ
ȷ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ°͵ĺҲмֱ뺷ζ
·һֱߣܿˡ
л
Ƴ˱ȭ˳·һֱȥ
һת䣬һ֮ӭõķüͷ΢壬ȥ㳡֮ϣѹѹһƬȫͷ֮ࡣ
ôˣѵʯʦ
΢΢һ㶣ʯʦͬһãֱ޷飬һ뵽Ƿ˶ĽҲȻˡ
ĽʯʦûʲôǣڵؼµʯʦǿžԵջģңҪǣһĻᣬȡһóɼôȻ֮ǡ
ĸһŶ֮󣬷ƱĿ񣬶˷ѰõϢ
ԭһһȵʯȣģǲֹֻаʯҵˣаٱߵɽһЩʳʯң˸Բʢĳ档
Ҳ̫˰ɣûϷˡ
һӰ̾
ٺ٣͵£ѵ㻹ȡβɣ
Աߵһ˺Ц
ǰǸˣεĴô˵أ
Ǹûŭ෴ģھȻֳһĨ
٤ʥ
ִһӿ³ΧǴ뾪֮̾ô֣õȡ
аʥصؼʯҵӵܣ
ʯ̥Դһͫ
аʯʦ
һϢϮõķҲΪ֮𶯣ʵģô٤ʥһ˵ʯţ


468 ʯ̩
νʯ֮ʵͫģһ˫۾
˵۾ϵһȴܿҪҪȥ򣬹ܣΪ˫ͫʳͫ
۾ΪĲλʧ˵ܿһ֮ͫˣǶǷǳ˲õĸţ
٤ʥԭһؼн׵ʯӵܶѣǣȴĽ˼ͫһٽ֮У
ԻĹдĴ٣ɳΪһʯʦ
ңݴŶʮѣСͿʼͫҲǶʮѣʱ䣬ӵͫļӵҲܴﵽľ磬ȴԭǵؼн׵ͫĽΪףƹ̥
ԣа˶ǳ֮Ϊ½ʯʦ
Ȼָֻϵġ
һܸĽͫţЩĸʯʦǣҲԵĸе̾硣
ǴҪμаųǵʯԣԣ˶ʯʦ˵أһЩϹŶҲˡ
εĴΪ٤ʥĳ֣עӿǹڶʯϹŶܵսҲǱȻġ
٤ʥƺľ⣬ڶһս
ӵ˿˸ĳɾͣ԰ǱȻģ˵ľٶǽ¶ҰģҪΪʯһˣ
а˵ɾǺ£ȻĿһ˶
ɣ½ţܣҲһҲӭѶϣҪ˵ˡ

ÿÿ
һУȺЩɧȥ˱Ǽһͷ԰׵һȺ˵Ĵӵ˹һϼ£⾼ͬһ㣬ҫۣ˲ֱӡ
ԵļˣǶΪģӦöǳ𾳽Ĵڣ
ݣ˵˵ݣǾһλʯʦңųֻ»һ״ʦ
ţȻФʦ
һ˳˷ʯĶӣ˶Ƿһ˫˫Ī۾ǿǸ׷Ȼߡ
ФһͫѾ켶н۷壬һҲǳ˴ɫʣΪʯ̩֮һ
ФʦѾˡ
ûܹ뵽λʯ̩Ȼֱ֮ϣԭҲֻ¾Ϊ٤ʥġ
뵽⣬аˣжһ
ô˵٤ʥҲаˣҫĳ̶ֳ˵ľаʯҫ˲ȥǵаʯ类ȥˡ
а򣬿ûʯ̩Ĵʦԣܹһ֣ƺѾע˵ġ
Ⱥ׷ÿһ·ǼǴҲվӭӣʾ𾴡
ʯ̩ǿɵﲻ𣬲Ȼǽһѣʯѣ仰˵һˣܹõаųھ󲿷ֵĶʯȥаʥأЩʯҲʧأȥҲǳ£
Ѿλʯʦˣ
Ⱥ֮˸п
ʯʦƾ׵ͷǾȻܹķð˷ԣϵĽƷǼǲмһˣżһ״ʦĳ䣬˳߿ӵλ״ʦĳ棬ǾԻʷһΣ
ˣҲ֮ⲻھƣҪĿģҪͷʢ٤ʥȥ
Ҳ켶׶ѣ֮Ѿ켶н۷Фܳһξ롣
켶нס
ҲЩ֮⣬Ƿɣܿأǳ켶ͫ׵Ĵڡ
Ƿȱģֻ㹻ʱѡ
ֻҪףǻû쾧ô
뵽⣬ͷһŻȡ
⣬עٶȿ첻ûţҲҪһʱſܽ켶
ͰԼǰֿɼȴܿãõΪ
Ҫôܿٵأ
üͷ΢΢𣬷˼С
ȻѡëϣƵĶͫǶľҲЩǣٶȣȡɾ̫ˣҲʤ޶ѡ
ͫǽͫΪǸ٤ʥֻһʹӵؼнͻ켶ף
ݷЩԣ٤ʥͫǿʼϰ˽ʮʱ䣬Žؼнףȴһ֮ڣ漣Ĵӵؼн׽켶ף磬⣬ôģ
ɻˣ˸


469 
ͫΪ˫ͫԽǸ߽׵ͫҪԽΪϡУ֮Ҫ賿Ϲͫÿ죬ֻʱѣ̵ĳ̶ȡ˵
ͫȻôĿ̣Ҳ϶ѶĴ󣬶٤ʥȴһʱףֵ˵п϶صļɡ
ѵһżķŲɣ
뵽⣬вɵһ
ֿԷǳĸߣȡĿ츳޹أˣȡٶȣǶǲģǣ٤ʥһʱ䣬ӵؼн׽켶ףɾʹɡ
ӿȡٶȣ
һţƱͷȣֳȥ
˼ƾʲôڸԼ
ķţǾԲ׵Ĵڸˡ
һ
˼еķƣǰȥ
ȼ
ǼǴǸаʥصӵͷҲûֱ̧ʵ
ѩ𣬵ؼ
˵ţֵͬһçһ㡣
ؼ
Ǹ΢΢һ㶣̧ͷǰçһĨɡ
çȥû˿Ĳ֮һֲվȺ֮УԵЩ롣
һؼʯʦʵ˵ز
Բܵģ
ңҲû˵ĸؼʯΪѩġ
Ǻǡ
ƳһЦʵͽģõüͷһ
ȥѡʮëϣܿϣܲμӵؼȣ飬ֱһ飬Ƽ
˵ţİڷëϵ̨һָ
ã
ƺЦţ˵ͷŴ󲽳̨ȥ
̨ϣѾкܶѡˣһ˫˫â˸˸Ȼӵ֮ͫˣǶ֮ǴѾãĳʯҵӵܣǾͲҪ֤ˡ
ͫ𣬷ƿʼѡʯܿģѡʮëϣص˵ǼǴ
ৣ
һëѸٵţ龧Ө͸侧
Ǻǣʣͨô
һɫƳʵ
ˣˡ
һ㶣ǵǼĺƣʯǴʼʱƾͿ볡
Ǻǣлл
ƺһЦӹƱȥһɵĿıӰ
Ǹֵˡ
ҡҡſڽеһ
Ӧƶĵؼʯʦɣ

󣬻ʱ䣡
ֵȺƺ˿۾΢΢
ʱľ磬Ӧڵؼнңӽؼ߽ףԣؼ߽ףǣʯϵľȴԶԶĲЩϹŶһȣͲԶˡ
ңΪ٤ʥĹϵˣǸǲ֮еǰһʱʯţĳǵʵǾӹɣƾͫѡʯļҲܱ
ԣҪǰѣ̫ˣ
ܽؼ߽ӦûҪһЩ
ţǳһͶʯȥ
úõͫˣҲֻѡͨëϣڴϣԲѡͨëô򵥡
С㣬㰡
ԴһŮΪٵţƱǸоһСӰԼǼһװСŮԼ˹
СŮСӣŷۺɫƯȹͬһλʳСһ㣬
СԲЩӤʣΪٵ·΢΢ЩԲԲСҲǺ˵ģͬһƻһ㡣
ΪһڷŮ׷ԼԣСŮûвԼѾײˡ
ף
֪ΪΣڷƵһۿСŮʱʶϤУңСŮȻȻıһе飬÷ײԽҪȥǻĳ嶯
ϣ
СŮʹǻ˷Ƶע⣬֣ס˽ҪСŮ
һһСĿӣڵ
У
ָоѪһ㡣
С㣬Сû°ɣ
˲ŮӺܿ׷Ǿ̵ļСŮӣȷûܵκ˺΢΢˿
ǰСŮ˿⣬ǿԼǻʲô³
С㣿С㣿
СŮһֱ֨Ůֻˣվŭ۾ŷƺǳô·ģײС㣬Сͷأ
Ŵֲһѣһݵ˺һ㣬ˣкƢǾ͹ˡ
һֱվ·м䲻ԼСôײأ
С㣬ײġ
ʱǸСŮƺӦˣڱ


470 ϶
СŮƲ˹
ǰװɿɰСŮ΢֪ΪΣĵ׵ģһŨŨиУǼ׵һ㡣
һֱ
Ǻǣ˼ûײ㰡
ƶȥһƵĿСŮʵڳۣɨһȦ֮˿
ûС
СŮĴ۾ǰݵӣûиеκεĺ£ĪУ֪ΪΣҪȥ׽
뿪С㣡
һŮţģһε¶˳Ϯû˿ķơ
Ҫ
ƺӦʲôСŮתֻ۵Сֵסεҽ֮յһ˿ʣ
С㡭
ŮӲĿǰŭСŮ
벻ףΪݳߵСȻάİݺ
׼˺λ壡
СŮһɫӦҵĶ֮иһɴδйķŭԼҲףŭǴӺζġ
ֻ뵽ݵˣ;ʹ

ĽСŮзཱུһĨɫڴһ졣
ˣ
һεСŮڱŷ˫Ŀ˸˸˲ʱĮޱȣͬһСħŮһ㣬ġ
϶壡
СŮһ棬Ůৰף쾪ھǾɫ
СŮȻǷߵŮΣ
϶壬ʹһ涾ֶԵǿȣ켶ƷʵĶҲ޷⣬Ϊ£ѰմһƣǶȫö
ԭû֪£һΣС̼ܵϵĶ壬߼ʱϵλϹͬѹӰħڵ˼ȫᱻ
ˣû˸СȻǽһ޴ѣԲ˻ᱻȫɱҲ⡣
ܵĶԣȻСŮܹܵģ֮󣬾Ƶ֮һ㣬ûλϹͬѹСȻܶɱκˣǣҲᱻĶԷɣ
ԣСξȻͻ뼸λµĽƣٴμϵĶ壬뵽еĿ֮ҡ
ֻˣûܹѹסСϵĶԣ
ô£
һ㶣Ǹоһʴ֮ÿһë룬ͬһһ㣬ϸϸиÿһ鼡⣬ڣʴࡣ
ˣ
ƺӦвڵũҩ䷢һ죬ӨһŹӵҳӳĳһͬ˸Ĵ֣һҩҩöϳһҩԣţֳһɢȫȥЩʴ

о𣬸ʴ֮ڷֳһĨ˼ɫ
СŮŷĶԣȻˡħڵĶ֮࣡
Ȼ켶䶾Ե룬ֶжôĿ£
ãֶԣôܳܵˣ
һתɫ䣬ǰһҩԣСεļϡ
˻ȥ
һҩһ£ӿСεڣЩľ綾ѹ˻ȥţһ
ûСεڣһͬһдԪеλãвͬȻĺڵĹâǣȴһ

ǿĺڵ֮ڵзֳôۡ
һɶ۶ɵУ
ңһĺڵҲɵģֻΨһǣ֮ڵ֮С֮ڵģȴǶԣɱһеĶԣ
⾿ʲô
𣬾ũҩҩѹƣĺ֮ڵĶԻڴûͣЪ˼
ѽ
ƺǸӦʲôСӷƵðһͷһ˫۾â˸˸ţƺǿʲôηһ㣬ĿСΡ

ſڣףСδӻл󣬴߷ڵҩԣǸĺڵвס˿϶
ôˣ
Сɻʵղ˯һһ㣬ЩŵĶŷʵ壬û°ɣ
嵱Ȼû£
ƳοһЦеĶԳȥв˿ջֱۡ
ԭѾĿŮ۾һĻ
ǸݺȻһֻ־ͽСϵĶѹ˻ȥ


471 շ
ŮӣΪߵŮСʵĿ£ˡ
ǿǼڣλӰħ̵ĳϣһ֣ͬ˼ʱѹڳţΣСμ϶壬ڳţܹҲżʱѣ
ǸоǹɿֲĲãûзһ㡣
˭
ǶԵĿ³̶ȣҲ޷⣬ȴŴֲһģֻѹ
ģ
Ů𺳵ױȣ޷ţƽݺȻӵĴ
ҩʦô
ǻ֮ԱǣΪ߱һλ׶ʦңӵڶֶε׶ʦ
Խ룬ԽǱȽϣǾ;ݺԽ򵥡
һ뵽֮ǰԼ֣ǲ˸ƺСξһ
ðȴߣȴǵģ
壬ζô
ȷһƵȷû£Сβظ˿ͷһ˫˸ɻʵ
ˣ
һ𣬶װС˶ҲһĪļ¶ζ
š
Сιɵĵ˵ͷŴ۾ɨŷƵӣƺЩɻ
Ǻǣԡ
֣ĹһСεıͷһʵζշ磿
ǡ
Сҡҡͷζշ硣
շ磿
С˫峺׵΢΢Щʧ䣬ɵѵҸӦˣ
ԭΪǰСŮǸ֮ˣڿƺˡ
ףȻǷ֮ˣѪĸоǴӺζ
壬壡
ķһֱСֱ۲ϵҡţζҪ֣ζòã
ţ
΢Цŵ˵ͷһڴӦҪȥʯ£ҲֱԺ
һ·ϣСŷƵƣܣôǱƣһһСĸֺһ·СŮЦ
ǱƶֱֵСΣŮӣڷƵѹûǰֱɫһŮӲǰȥ
С㣬ûؼˣȻ˸ˡ
ؼң
Сһ㶣̧ͷǷѾ谵ɫƺ뵽ʲôɰ·۵СͷˣҴӦֻһʱġ
Ǻǡ
СŮǿɰı֣ЦǻԵЩ񣬡ζǾͻȥɡ
ǡζ᲻塭
СεͷȥԵЩ
ǺǣСɵϣ治ˡ
֣ĸ˸Сεͷοסջһ䣬ǵ壬ȥĵط档
ô
ԣС۾һһϲĿŷơ
Ȼ˵ĵȻģ
ĵı֤ţõСΧֽģСŮôģҲϲá

ԶȥСΣƳ˿һƬã
ԼҲ֪ΪοСģģģԼͻῪģ֪ϻôһԼѪӰ쵽Լһ˴ڡ
ô£ȻǷ֮ˣΪλѪأѵǴڵǸ־ʲô
һʸԺõķƸΪɻˡ
һҵСŮѣھȻǰµĶһȫıǾԻһԵѣ
ţüͷ壬Щǣȫ汬ֻԼҩԣҲ޷ѹƣǸʱҲСŮᱻɶ
ˣǸһѪ
ֱڷƵԺ
ģȻӵзһѪСԷƵѪǿǺΪϤʱƸͷ棬Ҳֱܱϳ
ӵһѪ
һ㶣С˵Լշ簡
ţѪųɣӦĺɣ
СԹԵĴš
᣿
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬ͬʱһɻĸо
ԼûףôһŮأ
أģһĵӰԺһ
ߣΪӰħ̸߲㣬ҲΨһԼǹ߻һˡ
ɣ
һ뵽һ֣
ûǸΪζСŮӵо϶壬ŮӣƺҲǶʦּӦ밵ӰħϹϵ
ŮӶζ̬ȣ˵СŮڰӰħ̵ĵλӦҲĸߡ
ô
ʱѾټ̾һҲֻܵȵСζԼʣǷˣǣôȷСζӦþԼŮ


472 
һŵıԺаųϱߵһ䣬ռȻĶңаųӵһԺǾѾֵ˵˺ܲ򵥡
ԺĴڣ߶һϣü壬ƺڿʲô顣
ף
һĴ˽üͷչĵԳһĨŭվ

Сξûϵıŭһ㣬ֱײĻУЦ
㰡
Ҳ޷ɫ΢΢Цָ˵СεĶͷѵ˵ΪʲôôŻǲˣ
ţΪζ棬ԣζ˺׵Լ
һ˵ƣСƺ˾ˣףζ컹Ҫȥ档
˵գСĴ۾һϣĿߡ
壿
һ㶣ĵǳɨһŮӣС˵ţˣζһ죬ҲӦˣȥ˯£˵ðɣ
š
Сιɵĵ˵ͷһһŮĴ£߳˴ڡ
˵ɣǸ徿ô£Ϊʲôǲֹ
ɨһŮӣ˵ţõһ
ġ
Ůڵأһһʮ˵
һˣԼס޶⣬Ȼ롣
ǲпôһײôһͨĲͨӣȻܹѹ϶壡
ʲôζ϶壿
߱סˣһ˫֮ھǾŭôµģôἤŭζأ
ŭˣ϶壬ɵģҲû취ѹƣǴΣǼλ֮źǿѹסڱûѹƣ
ˣΪζ
߱뵽һ㣬һ㶣ڷֳһĨɻ
Ȼ϶壬ΪСλƽأ
ǸˣѹסСʥŮ϶壡
һĻ֣Ů֮ڶ¶һĨľ֮ɫ
̫ˣ֪ΪΣֻҪһ˫۾Ǿ͸еԵĲ޷
ʲô
ǵֱӾͫ¶֮ɫ
û˱С϶һΣԼһλ׶ʦʮλؼ߽׵ĳϣǿѹסڣȻһָֻѹˡ
õܹܵˣ
ȷζ϶屻ˣ
߲ţ϶壬ôڼϢ֮㱻ѹƣǾԲܵ飬û˿켶۷ҩʦҲУ
ԣãΨһĿǾСε϶岢ûм
²˵СʥŮǴһģһǸӣֻ¡
Ů֤ϴСη쭣ҲǲԣǹǾ޷ǵġ
ⲻܵģⲻܣһˣܹѹ϶ģԲܣϾԲѹ϶֮ˣ
ҡͷ֮ڣ˸ԵЩңҲ֮ǰ侲
ڶʦУһֱһ˵
Ǿ϶壡
˵Уӵһֶԣֶԣܹɱ¼һǿߣԶ䣬ôһɵ϶壬ƾڵϾ綾ɨ¼һеǿߣʥˣµҲԻһ겻֪٣˵˽֮ڣ˵Ѿƿնȥ֮˵硣ȴû֪
ʥ˶ܶɱɼ϶жôĿ£ǻ켶ҩʦܹѹô
ֻǣŮȴԼСŮңͫڵľҲ٣õ߳Ĭˡ
˹¶࣬Щܵ£ɣҲϵڴƣֻǣ֪ѡ
ڴ˵Ⱥȥ
仰߱ǴҴҵ߳Сεסȥ
ϣСѾ˯ˣΪ̫ۣǻһӨĿˮأԻţ壬һҪζ棬ζϲ壬ζһС塭塭
ԽԽСС˯С
ĸ̫ˣǼ϶壬ǾͲǻųܹܵģڷҩԸΣȻʱӦˡ

СεһĨӣǰȥһִСεϡ
ʲôҩԣ
ܿģ߱ǸӦ˷Сµصҩԣʱ˿
ܸܵҩԵǿӦû켶ǣȴǹܹѹƵס϶Ķԣ


473 
ӨӨ˸˸ҩԣǧֲͬҩɷ϶ɣΪҩԻᷴӶ϶ٴμ߲ûȥҩԡ
ϸĹ۲˼Ȧջֱۣһ۴˯еСΣһĨӣǳȥ
һؼҩʦҩԣѹ϶壡
õˣ޷ƽϢ
̫ܴˣ
Լⷽλ켶ʦʮؼ۷嶾ʦҲǿѹǸӵãǵؼҩʦȴڼϢ֮ԼҪʱ顣
ֱǲ˼飬ȴȷţ
˵ȥ
˴˿Ů˵һȥ
ŵȷϣ֪һ£Сε϶ȷǼΪԼ˲µĶѾʧ٣
ǣ
ŮӲκε飬ϸ˵һ飬а˷ƵоֹСζ
У
㱼䣬߶ִСε
ζϲ壬ͺһС
ţһԺֳ֮һӰһ䣬Ǹӣʲôģ
ѾҲδоȻЩڴСŮ˵Ļ̻̲
Ŵֲı׳ݣʮң

˵֪ΪΣ߾ȻЩʧ䣬һૣջһŷ䣬ҵҪһᣬ㵽Ǻηʥ
ȷĪӴľʲô⣬ǣСȴԳκε⣬Ҫģǽһв

ˣǾͽɣ
ϵķ۾ǲźۼ䣬أ˵ĪĻ
֨ѽ
ûãűǱƿˣһϮǳɫӰ߽˷֮ڡ
ߣ
֬ˮСɾ¶˵Ĺϣ͸¶˿˿ģ̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬Ļɡ
һǳɫ˿ʳȹڶճһ˴ԼߣǼǧģַһ
ôĻˣ֮ǰԵóˣҲӵˣֻһۣ˳ȥ޷԰Ρ
Ȼ
һ٣Ȼµĸ߰˰ˣȴǻܹȷʱߣǳ׵ȷ
СζԼŮ
ԼȻôˣһӵһѾŮȻΪͻأ֪ΪΣȷ֮ȴʮֵĻϲ
ڿǵӰʱһʹ
Щ꣬ӦҲðɣ
˭ʲôĿģ
Ŵŵ׳΢΢һ䣬һ䣬ĺʵ
ֻǿ˫ڵӣȻЩʶĴ
ǺǣʲôĿģ
ƻԭеǻһ΢ЦĿ˴齣˷棬ֻһ죬ɣ
㾿˭
ǲ˵ĻֱӾҪΪǷվǰˣǣǸˣԼף
Ѿ֪ԼǲǺ޷ˣָ飬ܸӣ
壬ң
ԭΪԼһУȴĻСΣÿοСΣǸԼ׵ꡣ
˵˭أ
ǣţĸλǱһ죬˷˷츲صı仯ߴ㵵Ŀ£ǵڼӰ
㣡
һ΢Ц֪꣬ΪΣЩᣬͷ΢ĵӿֳһˮ
ৣ
ƣֱӡڷƵؿϡ
飡
꣡
һ죬ƵŵĹֱȥ෱ȻĿ£Ҳ̱ȥ
ȿȣ
ڵϣƿвϵĿѪϵҲȾˣҲЩȥҲЩ΢
ۿͿ첻ˣƺһӾͻһ
㡭Ϊʲô㿪
ǿѪ꣬ⶶĵϹŵľǻҡ
о֣˵ǵһΡ
֪ΪΣȻԭԼӦú֮ǵ꣬һĪ㺣ϣȥ
ȿȣ
ſڣƱǿȳ˺üѪƺŵ˿ڣҰ׵ٴγ鴤˼ΣǹһĨЦ΢˵ΪΡҪأȿȡǡҡԭǷġڻ㡭Ǻܡô
㡭
һ߷һ˹ȥ


474 
ȿȣ
ڵϣһûһµĿţһڿѪϵɫҰףݣңڵϦ
ߴʱΪӵģŪԼ굽ûи顣
һɲǼ䣬ȥǣɵģһ˲䣬ͻĪڴΣķƣȻĻţǵ
㡭ᡭȿȡԭ¡ô
Ѿ˵ңʵ
˵ˡ
߲ϵҡͷֻһ뵽ˣоһĨĪĿֻţƺʧȥʲôҪĶһ㣬кᣬʵ㡭ֵô
ȿȣֵãΪǷġ
ƵƺԵЩһ˫ǿԻɵ˫ˮӣкݺݵһʹȰοġˣˡҩʦ
ԣŷ֣ݵؿѾڻĻָˣѪҲ

΢΢һ㶣תȥ۽ǵˮͬʱһŭ벻ޡ
ļһﾹȻԼ
ֻǣȴûתȥ֮󣬷ƵһĨıóѵĻȣһũҩ֮ϵҩԿٵתźָܿ
ѾõԼҪģûҪװȥˣȻһһжǰ͵òʧˡ
òĻٴơ
ΪҲô
תĵϣһƬı䣬һ˫Σյâ˸
ǣΪǷġ
ǰűգǹһĨЦƽĿԡ
ߣ
ĺһתȥƺ
ķǲҰ׵ɫվû֣ٴˡ

ˣ˿ظ
Ƴɹˣ
ζ
࣡û˿ϵ
˵š
ӻУڣ˴δֹÿСʵԼʱԼжôʹ࣬СγˣҪԼô
ŶûУ

ɫЩڨڨλ˼һЩ߶ԼĲޣǰȥֻ֣ԥһĴһֻ֮ϡ
Ҫ쭵ʱ򣬶ߴһеģҲζģġ
һŮӣ£ΪһŮҪŮĻ
ԣƲô
һĸԸҷң
õһ
֪ѾµԼݣҲǴԼĿģôһӵܣʲô˵Ļ
еĲɲһ⣬ƾδһλҩʦֲģ
ΪӰħ̵ʥŮӰĵ̣Ȼ֪
ôĿ
޵һƲһۣĵ˷Լͷֻơ
ҪԼĸԸΣԼԲԭԼµУǲˡģ
ǺǣһȥӰħ̽ģ
ƲΪ⣬Цһ˵䣬ڳ塣
Լضȥģѵ߽һ֮ڣ
ȻףӰħ̣ܱ̿ڵܱʥصĴڣʥأҲǸģ
㣡
۾һɣһ꣬мƲƲ죬Ϊƾֶô
ֶζ֪࣬˵һ
Ц˵
ҩʦؼʯֱۣͫ⣬㻹ʲô
ֱһһ˵˳
Ŷ㾹Ȼ֪ӵͫ
΢΢Ŀǵ΢΢һЦȻ֪ӵ֪ͫҵĻɣ

һ㶣ΪĵƷ٣
Ǻǡ
Ƶ˵ͷЩĿɫɲмתΪ졣
㡭ѵаʢǸƷ٣
ҲΪаųǵʯȲаԣϢҲǲŸոյ֪֣йɻ󣬵ֱӾͽƸˡ
ͨ鱦׷ɱ˻Уǵһĺᣬ֮󣬸Χɱ£ھʵɹ룡
һ£ΪӰħʥŮҲɵΪ֮е𺳡
Ϊڶ࣬ȴҲ£ֵ˵꼫򵥣ֶ죡
ʱƺ֮ʱһģаʮɣһڵΪԤҪаųǣعؿ
ǣǣһͷ棬Ѿаųңˡ


475 ڶ
ٺ٣
һɫΪЦһһԵϣЦеĿ
߳ĬˣЩӵĿ
ǰ꣬߿ν֪֪ףһеСǳӵܶѣʱ䣬һ𣬴һӹɱһ漣֮漣¼꣬Ϊ䶯һʥĴڣ
߷֣ԼԽԽ͸ˣǵõʲôļ
ţӵɽӣ֮ˣܿ۷壬ţӵķһػҲδ֮ܽ飬ţӵûһϷˣڹ֮䡣
һǶǷ˵츳һһλǣȴ֣
Ҳĵ
иĸо
ʱ䣬ʹһӹųɳĵز˭˵ԺܳΪܣ˭˵ɷʥ
ߣΪƾĿǰ츳ܱʥصĵô̫ˣܶ鲻ô򵥣
ķϵĵ⣬߷˷ۣأԷ̵
ܰ˱ǣƻãһۺɫͬ÷һĻ䱻ϡ
ţ㣡
һڣʱĶһƬܰ㵱УͬܵʥȪϴӣȻһ¡
סˣС΢΢źϼ䣬£һ˫ֱֱǶСڷֳ𾪵ɫ
㡣
ٴһܰ㣬Ц⣬еλ˹ȥǴһĨ޵Ц⣬ʰ˵ûкܶ飬ôļ򵥡
ƺû˵һ㣬۾һֱĿеλãſʵѵǴеλ
λ״빦Чڵ伮пֻǣȴһֱûпʵʥ˵֮أܽȥҲн޳˻Ĺŵ۾ûܽأ
ʱЩԼ۾⴫˵еʥȻԼǰУ
ǺǣȻժģǣӦò
ЦһĪɫ£˵ͷ
⡭
ͬˣôҲƽãһЦ꣬ʵôõġ
޵۾ԣѲλιһǧһεĶҲٷ֮һζȻŹȴҲûдλιϢ
ôλǴӺζ
뵽ĳһֿܣ𾪵ױȡ
˵ҽأô
΢΢۾ЦӯӯĿ
΢΢˿Щӣţ
֪ΪΣоȻˣͬϷһĻ
߽أ
ôãʸô
Ҳһ㶣΢΢һЦʵ
߳Ĭˡ
꾹Ȼ߽ʥҲҪ޵أƽµĳժλ

ĺ˿ƽߴŸӵ˵Щ飬ǿ츳ܽġ
֪ʵǰɣ
Цһգоâ˸˸һŵŷڳ壬ΣʥΣһһ֮ϣӰħܱʥΣʮ꣬ұضȥ㣡
һʵֵԣҲڶԡ
ף˵𣬾ֻҲᱻôҪʮʱ֮ڣͻܾ磬ֻӵдŻᱻ˳ϣΪϿɣΪǿߣȻֻһ츳Ϻõĺ󱲰ˡ
ܵܣ֣Ǹܹġ
㡭
ǰ꣬зһĨ޷ļ¶þ˵
ʮ̫꣬ˣЩʥ֮ڵ֮Ҳʮʱڽܾ磬ǣǰȴǿ˺ڡ
Ǵһ˿˵ǿܻΪЦ̸ǣǰ겻ͬ
ϵ漣ʵ̫ˣ
ǣӰħ̵ĵ̣һܾܱģ
ӵд֮仹Ҳȥģ
ƺ룬һ䣬һĳӵĶţҡͬȣû˿ۼѰ
㡭ѵӵ̤е
ŴЦӣһѿʳ
Ĺ֮ף츳ӹɣ̤޺ۣһǧ޼Ѱ
츳Դܾ磬ܴʥ´ߣʱаʥصλʥ׷ɱʱ䣬аʥ֮ڴһձȵʥҲֻЭ
ԣƲ˵Դܾ磬ɺ䣡


476 ٴƵ
ৣ
һ΢ƿٴλصԭλá
ûпڽͣʵжһУ̤С
գʥ˵ֻʥ˲գǣǰڶླ꣬ȴҲͬʥһ̤Уɱ֤ʵˣӵ츳
𶯣޷
꣬ʵ̫ˣӵ츳ܣ仹˭ܹĽŲ
ߣ̫ˡ
߻عһƨķƣжʱһŭһкܶ²ʵܽģ

һ㶣Ͼɻ
ǿΪ䣬ѵʵ˵飿ƾ̤õаʥЭԼƾ츳ӰħӦҲʲôɣ
̫ˣ
֪ΪΣŷһ㵵ɫһĿУΪ̵ʥŮλߣƾʲôҪߣʲôˣ
⡭
ԣΨпЦ
ǰ˼ҴһʥرиΪʥŮƾʲôߵݸԼߣ˵֮ĹϵƺԼ£ûԼɱԼӦþҪеˣڣȴˮɵĹ˼ңⲻ쿪ô
ȷԼ̫ˣ˼ûҪԼߡ
УԺӽζȻҾԲŹģ
ɫһ䣬žĿ˵
ΪʲôζŮΪʲôܽӽ
һиֳһĨŭѿںʡ
㣬ôҲܲˣ֪Ҳˣ֪ˣһҪԼŮԼߡ
ΪʲôΪֻһ˵ŮûκεĹϵ
˵
һ뵽֮ķ꣬ж̥࣬ӣûߣС϶弤ԼʱҲûߡ
ôһˣھȻֱ׳ĸԼ˵Сεĸףõܹܵˣ
ңһСζҸף㣬ģ
뵽ߵļһ䡣
ң
৵һ±վŭĿԲɣŭȵ
ߣ
ƲһܼķƣĵʲôңҾȥһ
ৣ
һƱǳߣǿ˴ĵϣһ˫΢죬
ôһɱ
˵䣬һɱϢӷƵӿõ߷һ
о겻ǿЦģĻô
ߣ
˫ӣ˿壬һڵ㣬Ǹʵô
أأ
һ˫ֱܣΪѹϡ
Ůˣսҵô
һ˫ǿ´ӣϢͬһͷ˵Ұһ㣬˶ɡ
ſң
ƴţЩңԣˣǴ󲻹ͷţ۳һձɢ٣ֻŤˮ߰ҪƵƿء
ֻǣƺŪɳ׾ˡ

һӷĵǳһ˫۾ڸǳŨŨ
续ľѩͬ񳹣رؿڴõգǼ⴫Ůеķ㣬õһıš
˫۾
ٴοһ˫ɫʱ͵һĲӿһɲõԤУ˫۾̫ϤˣҲǣĲŭ𣬶ǹ̵
ƣңٸҶһɱ㣡
ƫͷȥҪ㿪˫ӵֱӣأвţĻȸǼӴˡ
µĻ壬һаֱ㽫ƵȫûʱһŬĿŸȴǱǲŤ˽ĵȻ޴棬Ž֮ƽвЩŭⲻԼô
𶯣
һ䣬Ӹ۽ѹϣ
˻
һ壬ϮƢķ㣬ЩļƶʱһͰѳֲסҪǲ㰭µȹ˺顣
ſң
ǻ¯һȵ߻һƺܵʲôͨһƬǸΪҵ

µõķƵǿٵıţһͷǿһŷۺɫĿɰС·㣬ʱͷһȣ͵ĵͷȥȥ


477 
Ҫ
û˵꣬߱ǸоԼС챻һŻסˣۣǽߵӣھһƬãȻ
һɹޱȵϢӷƵĿж˹ԭ΢Щֱ˲ȥˮһ
п־ǣϢУһõҲȻĻ
һԭʼĿĵҲ޷

ãƲɿڣ˶ǿٵĴϢţ֮ڣһգ顣
𣡡
ǰȻĽƵͺһٴεͷȥס˫΢Щ΢΢Ķ˴꣬ϵȡڵ֭ţǵĲ֮ϣϸϸ˱ţ˫֣һ˫Բ
ǣڴʱѾȫոɾоһƬȵ
Ҫ㣡һڵģ
ʹʱ̣ȻǱһ˿˿ж϶³ĵۣƺҪвơ
вѾ֮еķƣȻǲ˿ᣬǽĵĻõļаȼʢ
ǣ
ڷƵĺ䣬ٶȱһͳĺڵĳӿͣŻнĵŮӣŴȥ

˿ʴ䣬ȹ˺ѵԴ֮ڴ˳ڵƹϨΨµĹ˽ʼ䣬ԿɴڵĻȡ
磬һŮܿͳ˽룬԰Σתõԣ˽һʵĴ֮ϣӰϵķ
Ǹ֮ҹһ֮ҹ

ɫһư׳Ĺâ䣬ɢ˺ڰӭ˹
ˣ
֮󣬱ǿһЦӯӯӣƺӦʲôʱһ
ǵڶˣ
ŭǰ꣬ҧģƺ޲ý֮Ƥһ㡣

޺޵ɫڨڨһЦһھΡ
̫ӦˣԼȻٴַ
һĨɵһʹʹ飬֣Ǿӵ뻳УԲ𣡡
⻰ŨŨǸ⣬߷һһЩɶıˮ۽ǻȥʪͷ
ް
ĨۣһʹʱԵЩֽ޴룬֪ôοźá
أ
ƺ뵽ĴʳǱݡ
һֱԼеĿǣ
ǰ棬ԼһΪֶΣôԼǰûзŵһδ衣
̫ɺˣ
رһ뵽ͱȻٴΡ
߶ҵŮˣһȢ㣡
ԣһȵõĶͣʵǼһֱֿԼ
ŨŨ⣬簮˲ԺõЩ˸ֱ֮ӡ
ڰӰħ֮ڣ꿡ܣ˲õ֮ţžޣǣ֮ǵֺãδţûһɫǣǴ֮Լƽ顭
߶ҷģһã
þòƼˣֱӷģʾġ
ôأ
۾ֱЩĮʵ
Լ̥ʮ£ѹȴķɫŮŨֻһţбǳһŨŨĲޡ
֪
һ㶣ⶶֱ֮ӡ
ǰԼܷŵô
һʱ䣬ѵС
ǲҺһˣ
ɫи䣬һĻȣϷʵʵ
⡭
ƿԣЦʵ߶ѵûһȫİ취ô
Ҹᡣ
Ŀ˵һѡҺζڶңǣӽԺҪңҲҪ˵ζŮΪûûĵĸף
ҡ
ſڣƻû˵֮һƬɫ̱ڴϣƺȫľһ㣬
˭ʱǵѨ
ͼĴΰɣ
Ȼ֪˽лЩȻ˷Ƶֱۣ㿴֮µһԵİĺۼɫ΢죬Щա
Ҫȹ֮ʱȴǷ֣ԼΪϲȹǱ˺һƬʱһ޷ŭ


478 ҵ
ƾʲôƾʲôԼҪͷƾʲôԼҪ¿һСȴңӵ
Ҳùģ
קһȹƬһ˫Ҫ
ǵģԼһСӼңȥԼܰȥ
ëѾͷȻСӵ÷ŨǣԼȴѾ˷֮ʵңΪһŮƾʲôҪõԼ
ԣ
ƾʲôԼҪù
һı˲ͣ˻ȥ÷ƿʲô

һϵеı仯΢΢һ㶣ھǺɣͷǼһƬѩ׵ļʱͼŮǹķ㣬ȻݣĳλҲ˾ҵķӦıҲһԵĻȡ
ţ
ȵ˴ϣţ߱Ǵһٵĺ۾߱Ǽһ˫Ϥĳӣʱһ

һѹϣֱ˫һһٵ˵ҵŮˣһӶֻһ˵ģ
ԵĻõ߷һЩЩȴɱ䣬أΪ˭
ˣ
۾һɣܴͬһ˻͵ĵͷžǿСǿжס
Ϯ˺ܿǳ˽ȥ
壬壬ζˣ
˼ٵʱһ⴫õĴϵ˻һҲ˲ͻָ
ζ
˼ͬ
ˣ
壬
Сεٴ
ǰţƺûзЩɶõС΢΢һ㶣С΢ţףѵ廹û𴲣Ǹ壡
壬ζԼŶ
ϵӰѸװٶȷֿ϶ǴŻҵɫ߸ʢ
Ŷζ˰廹û𴲣û·أζһ
ƹƽĸ
Ŷ
ƵСӦһջѾϵƣԹԵվſڵȴţվŵĻŮӡ
ϤϤŮɫЩŹ֡
ԾͲһ˷ģ
ԣˡ
Ȼʲôˣ
˶Ƿ޷޵뵽һݺȴýݲؽԲʲôˡ
Сζǵüͷǽ
죬˽ӽԼ̵СʥŮĿľʲô
׼ζһ֣ȻҾԲŹ㣡
ȹ߽ĵǴܶĮĳŷƾš
ģ
ƳοƵһЦ˴齡
ԭûҪСζôĻߣǾ̫ˡ
ţǷ˷츲صı仯һ꣬ڼϢ֮䣬ǳһӽݺ
ߣа
侪ȴǲмߡ
츳һ꣬ΪĵˣȷǺΪյһ¡
̤Уڼ֮˭ץĵ
ٺ١
ƺȻһЦΪ⣬һתˣ߶ζǾô£
ʻ䣬ɫ࣬üͷ塣
ɣ涾Բʲô򵥵Ķ˲ǳ䶾Աܱ켶䶾ܣũҩеƳҩԣҲܳ׵ѹõķЩ
´μԼأ
ңȫ汬ֻ£ũҩϵҩҲһ֮ܽѹơ
ܸоĺڵ̲صĴǰĶܣĲָоڵĶܳ׵ıϣСζԼûܹƻѹ
ѵ˭ֽţ
â˸˸Ϣ˶ɡ
ֻ΢һ룬ЩƲסԼΪԻ᲻һеȥȡ
˭ǸͶֽţɵġ
ŷƵĽţвһů
壬ûУζҪŽŶ
͵ʱٴδСζ
ȵȣܿͺˡ
Ӧһ䣬Ŷߵ˵ζǶ̫ΣˣҲֻʱѹסȫ汬ֻҲΪȻϣһͬһԲߡ
˵գҲûͬ⣬תȥһЦݣſȥ
֨£
űˣ߳󣬱ǽŹϣõҪץŮʵЩƣǶ׳ȴĻη壬Ҷʲô
ۣСζֱƯܶˡ
ƹһѽС§𣬿ŵõСοֱ֡


479 ׵ζ
۾ЦһϸСΣк㣬Ҳ¶һĨܰЦ⡣
ԼǷǵģӦþ
ſڵһһСõһŮкǲ⡣
ΪôǾһԸŮһ㣬ǰеܰٵģ
ף
ƵŲλʱС΢΢һ㶣ǸţӣϸᣬĴ۾˸Źâкϵζ
ôһõķ뷿ڵӶ΢΢һŮҲǴ㵵Ŀ
׵ζǲ˵ʥŮô
һ㶣ҡҡͷǸʵʵ뷨γ⡣
ԼʥŮȻĽΪȴǼΪĮ֮ڣ˶СΣǾû˭йɫ
һĮˣԲ־͵һ
壬ôζϵζأ
СκŴ۾ɻĿŷơ
컹ûϵζġ

ԣ΢΢һΣǳ˳飬˸ζ̫˰ɣôζ׵ζأֻԼζ
˵䣬ȴһĨ⣬һ뵽˵Ĳ࣬΢΢ӿһɻȣ˿ѹȥ
ȻɣԷôҲǰջ
УڰӰħ̣
˼ˣ˿ӣߣôҲģ˼룬ԼǲӦ밵Ӱħ̸̸ԼܹӭȢߡ
ϵζζǴģ
ٴͷСһķţһֻ۵Сָ֣ŷţ׿϶棬ΪϵζŨӦøողźױˣ
ӣ̫ˣ
΢΢˳飬һĿСΣôһᣬȻʱҲԤˣ
ʱڵ߱ǸΪţǻŶ룬һȦǷһ˴һͬһһʧڷڡ
ŷǼ΢ŵһԵŮҲһɵĿŷơ
̫ˣ
ζ׿治Ŷ
˵ţƿ˷ţյһƬһŴһӣӣزסˡ
ףѵˣ
ɨһȦûߣСοɻĺ
Ϊζ׸û
ɴĴŹʲôкζȥĵطȥ档
ô§СΣҲŮкƱŴ󲽳ſջȥ

һŴֲ£׳һŻ󣬷װͬСʹһСŮ󻹸欣ŮôһڴϣʱһЩ˵Ŀ⡣
ȻĿⶼǷŮϡ
Ůһˣ˻ǳ࣬Ƕʲô覴ǣʱȴŮݳ֣ʱõ뼵ʵ
аųǣҲû˸¡
ߣ
Χһ˫˫ռԵĿ⣬Ůһ䣬ɭȻɨܣûм˸֮ӡ
壬ǲζĵ
Сκӣʵ
Ǻǣôζϣϣζĵأ
΢΢һЦʵ
ζϣ
Сκԥıôشš
ΪʲôϣأǱ壬ζԸԸأ
СŮĻмͿѿڶѹеļ¶ʵ
ΪУζϲһ𣬲ϲЩζε壬ǺᣬζҲϲߣԣζϲζĵ
С˵ţڷϣĹâ
ζΣ
һ㶣һʵζЩǲǾȥף
š
Сصĵ˵ͷСƺЩӶ񣬡ЩᣬζϲǣҲϲǣȴζף壬ܲܰЩߣǲҪأ
Ȼԣ
ԣһϲϵЦŨˣЩСζǾͺݺݵǣǲΪֹ
á
Сαֱ֣СЩ۾ֱŷƣ壬ζĵͺˡ
һ̣ҪֱӳСŮڵϣĴʹġ
֪Լ˺ˣ٣ûеõ֮ǰԼСϡ
һƶǴСڹų֮ڵţֱСβǸŮȥ˱Ժ


480 
ҹĻ٣¹к£Ϊһ㵭װΪ
֨£
һ죬űˣڴϵķ䣬۾ǼһӰ˽
һϮҷɫȹӯӯһյ֮ϣһɫ´պǽϸ֫չ˳ȹµһѩ׻۵ĳȡõйɻȵó嶯
裬֬׶üü֮͸һɵó󣬿Ļ˵Ľգȴ͸һɾǧõĮ
һ˫ˮںӣ·һ˿ĵЦ⣬ž¶˵ϣ͸¶˿˿ģ̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬Ļɡ
˿ʳȹڶճһ˴ԼߣǼǧģַһ
һ

УƵĺȻ伱һ˫֮ڷԳһѪ˿иһŻȡ
ߣ
˫ȳӣ΢죬һ糺죬ƺ뵽ʲôɫһ䣬ĺһһ˫ھĮ

˫ӣһͬˮ£ǹɻȺܿϨȥ˴齣һ˿ڨЦӭ˹ȥ
ˡ
ŽĶԾǿɵģһʹھǸΡ
û˵źֱԣۿ
Ǻǡ
ƿЦһ£ɫһ࣬ʵζھʲô
ĺڵĶʵ̫ˣҲǷƵһûо԰յ飬оѾǵĶʦӵеĶˡ
һۣӣһĨӣŻ˵Ǵ˵еһʣǶʦ֮Ϊ϶壬Ϊ˵ж֮壡
棬˵ǵһնܵˣ壬ԶʱҲǿ֮һһܶɱûܹ֮Ҵ档
֮壿
ԣһ
Ȼ֪ⶾ֮徿ʲôǣ֣õеء
ָоν϶壬ǲѷ֮ʣ
壬Уһһˡ
ԭΪֻ֮ѣǣСε϶֮ɣֻô
϶ֹ
֮϶棬ͻȻľãƺԼļ򵥡
а취ѹô
뵽֮Ŀ£Ʋɵһ
ûʲôԳ׵ѹ϶壡
ȻҡҡͷҧɫЩ԰ף¶Ȼ
ʲô
৵һ¾վ
û취ѹһǲ·һô
üͷ壬ڷڶȥͣ£ͬйƤһϣʵѵûİ취ô
ֻһ취
ɫӵһۣ˵š
ʲô취
Ƽٵ׷ʵ
ֻҪζܹƿ϶壬ǲû£һӵĶ涾ܡ
˵䣬֮һĨ⡣
϶Ķ壬ܹƿأպܻΪڶλ棡
ƿأ
һȻ
ⲻ֮һģһô
ģһʵҪβƿأ
塭
һƬӡ
Զ壬һСŮ˵ǺĲ̣ǣȴΨһĳ·

صĺ˿Ⲣûг֮⣬ʵҪʲô
Ҫصǧ涾ҩһζһꡭ
Ϊʦߺ˽ⶾҩԣǰޱߵʹ࣬ȻҪһСŮȥܡ
أ
ҧĽЩ֮ڸˮˮ
߶
˹ȥԥֽӵ뻳УŻǱʹļˣʹꡣ
ܹĵڵ֪Сε֮߸Ҫܶѹ
ǿ֮£пŴģΪӰħ̵ʥŮ£Ĵ˭˵
Բ𣬲𡭡
ǸΣޱߵǸΣͬѰŮһ㱯ʹĿ絶ֻܲϵĵǸ
أ㣬㣬㣬ζôأ
ƺҵйڣ߷ޣȭϵĴŷƣˮʪ
˶ίһʱ価ߡ
Բ𣬶Բ𡭡
˺ĵະƱһᣬۿȣһѪ˿ͫӣŴ˵ÿһ£ĶڲԼǸ쵰е龹ȻһŮȥΪԼˡ


481 ޾Ķҩ
˿žѪʹοֻܲϵĵǸ
쵰쵰Һ㡭
ſţŷƵ߾ô˯˹ȥૡ
ǰǸ쵰ѡ
ϹԵۣھʹࡣ
ôɫܹ

˯üͷص̾ϢһСıߣķڴϣÿһʮСģ³˼һ㡣
Ƿġ
ڴһԣ΢ԵЩ㲵׵˫ƣϵۡ
ÿһˮΪԼģڲ
ģպ¾ͽеˣ
Ŀһһ
Լ߳Լѹˣ
ߵĻУ˽⵽Ǵ֮¡
һֱǴ⣬֮󣬰Ӱħ̸߲ҪնݳնɱԼԳ󻼣ǱԸ¡
֮ĻСΣԭ뽫֮ɱҲĸʹȻûôչһ꣬СΣ⴫ŮӤ
ԼŮȴֻܵŮĸǺʹࣿ˭ȥ˵أ
ΪڰӰħڣҲǲģΪŮǱضʥŮ
ʥŮѡģ츳ѣǻӰ쵽Ӱħ̵ԣСαųˡ
ֱ϶ı
ԺߵӲǺùˡ
϶壬ǿǶ֮壬֪֮СαǴһųˣֱӳ˰ӰħϹŶ飬˵ڰӰħеϣǼСŮϡ
඾ҩ
һ뵽ССξҪ˷˵ʹ࣬Ƶıڳʹ
ǽ֮ôһʹḶ́
Ҫ֪ǡħǵڲǧֶҩѣѾܳˣǣǼСΣȴҪֶҩϴӴ
ɶ񰡣
ؽҧһѪӷ֮ͫһѪ˿ӿ
ʣ޿ɸģǲƿأǾ
û뵽ԼŮȻҪԼһĵ·
Դˣ޿κΡ
ţ
ֱҹ߲˹ɨһȦɫЩ㲵ķƣһ٣ɫܿǻָ˱䣬ɫ´齡
߶
Įģһʹ˹ȥ˫˫磬δȽҺȥһ˰Ӱħ̣
ţ
͵̧ͷǿһ˫żᶨɫӣķģһ̣׵ˣ⣬Եܲƽ
ǡ
ߴʱЩңԼҲףԼΪλңҴӺ
Ժе
֣İסĴ꣬ò÷˵ţھǼᶨ
һˣôҪŮȥеԼӦóе£
ⰵӰħͬŹأҲҪȥһ
߶Ƿǵ̫ˣڿʼһһʱĸŮĿǷ
ֽ§뻳Уƴ΢΢˵š
黰õ΢΢ֱĽǿţٴηһ
ǿűģһů
߶ζ飬׼ôˣ
§ˣڴ齣Щǵʵ
ǧ඾ҩǰӰħܱʥأֻҲôôģرЩҩ֮

ҪĻȴǱٴΰԵӵЭˣв֪ΪһĪۡ
ܶ࡭
һ뵽Сε£΢ǲ԰ȥھȻ
ʲô취
ԣһʵ
ҩ֮ҩ֮һȽףĳ̶ȣܱʥ
Ҳܱʥѣ
Ҫ֪ƴʱϵʥǿɲ٣λιҶȥֱܺ䶯½ЩصϹŶֻûĸס
ʥȥȡҩ֮ƾãϢȥ֮󣬻кܶϹŶǳԸ⽻ġ
ͷľ𡭡
һ˴֮Ķҩ֮߿˵ھǿɬ
Ϊ˴ЩҩӰħ̴ʱҲ㾡ȫˣǣջȴ΢
ҩ֮ôõã
ģˡ
λιȵʥǶһϹŶ޷ܵʥֻǣǷȱֻһȫĽ׳ȻһЩϹŶǵòֱܻǿ
⿴ưȫаųǣʵЩϹŶ˵ʲôɱ˵Ϊопƶάˣ


482 
ǿΪ䣬Ҫһ԰ȫĵط˵ףǣͬʱҲ˵Բܡ
аų˵аĳ˵ȫĵطû˸аųǶ֣ڵҲҡ
ǣǴӵλιôаųǶڷ˵ǾͻΪһΣء
ЩϹŶٽͬҲҴô˼ȹأңƶаʥеϹŶҲδؾ;ջɣ
Ų
ԣϸ˵ûо԰ȫĵطһУȭͷ˵㣬ȭͷ
ԣ⵽ҲǼͷ۵飬ǣҵһѹЩϹŶĴڣȻȴƵĽһ¡
㣿
Щ㵵Ŀ
ѵܱȵĹӰħ̣
Ǻǣѵˣ͸С
΢һЦ
λ
һѵС߽֮ժȡλ
˵ʵڵģţǣ̫ʵˣأǿʥҲҪǵĽأһھܹ꣬Ľȥ
ৣৣৣ
֣óСһݵǰ
򿪿
һЦ⣬˵
ѵǡ
һֱӣһУڷƹĿ£ƿ˺иǡ
ܰ˱ǣƢõʧ˵ܰ㵱С
ڵĹʵӨ͸ɣ͸ͬңζŨĻߵͫ͵չСҲſ
ѵι
з΢΢ĲУĳе𺳡
ιʥеʥһι꣡
ĹЧʣ˭ܵջ
óʥҩ֮ЩϹŶǿ϶Ϊ֮ģΪιȼܵõʥ˵ҩ֮ʲôأ
˿̣ƺˣΪηܿºڡ
ƾһöιʮ궾ҩ֮Ҳпܵģ
ȻһҪܹȫǰ¡
Ǻǣѵصлʥ
ڵ𶯣΢΢Щ⣬Цһ
ŰڷԼǰιλҶ𾪵ױȡ
ʱԿ϶ˣ϶ȥ֮ڣңпܻɨһ
һ֮ڣʮƬҶ֮࣬˵˶ʥﱻһûֵĻЩ˵ȥˡ
Ľȥأ
Щŵʵ
źߡ
ֱ£صĵ˵ͷ֣ٴóһ˵ԣﱸҩ֮£ͽȥɣ㸺ռЩͨľͺˣţ԰Ӱħ̵ĵ̣ȻѣӦҲʲô°ɣ
š
㶣߱ǷӦ˹ǰӣ֮ںǸӡ
һһܵ飬ȫˣԼԼǲ⣬ǰҲӭж⣬ⲻܵ飬ǰȴǱףⲻõп֡
ҲˣأĽʲôǲģ
ιλʥȥȡЩҩ֮ʵǿ

ô
ҡͷһ㶣ѵͨĶҩҲѣ
ͨĶҩ֮ԳΪͨǾǳУϡУǾϡ伶ˡ
ǡ
ҡҡͷҩ֮֮ڵһιܻȡġ
Ŷ
һһЦûϵģһöУǾööУǾö֮һỻģ
ܹʮöιԼһö˷һöаö֮࣬öιǿǧİʥѵܱȹһ궾ҩ֮
ĿУС޼۵ģԣܸٴĴۣҲҪжҩ֮
ġ
ҡҡͷڷȻĿ½͵ͷڱ֮Уʥ˽ȥҲֻ·һ
أ
ٴͷһ
ߵĽ֪ͣԭأҲ½Ľ֮һ˵Уأǿ϶֮أõǧ򣬳ΪһƬ򣬾ʥ˴룬Ҳᱻɱµĳ̶ȣض١
ͷƬУΪĵ⣬ԣͷڶҩ֮ϣеһ
ԣʵ˵ιļֵڱͷǣιһǵòʥ
ģһȥһ˵ġ
˸οŵ
ָ֪صСںеʱܲóǣΪСΣȥһԣ


483 
ǣǿǽء
ЩǵĿ
ԭǴȵһдˣð뱱أѰұͷ
ǺǣѵؾͲǽô
ƳοһЦΪ˲ǣװӣƺض˵ͥѣ
ˣͷͽˣͱˡ
ǵ§ߵ磬ԵǿǼʵůϡ
ǵζѣУ߷Լƺܰĸоʵţƺ̤ʵ࣬ҲõһĪķɣ̹
ֻǣιҪôأ
⵽Ǹͷ۵⡣
ȫϢֻԼܶѡ

̧ͷĿõķһȻ
ô
ڨڨӲͷƤһ䡣
аųǣѵֻΪ˲μʯȣ
һŹֵĿʵ
š
ĵ˵ͷ
ĿģΪ쾧ʯȣ֪֮ģߴʱ飬ƺԼ©ʲôҪ顣
߼ſڣȴû˵뵽ƵҲ΢΢ͻ
˵ǻʳ֮ˣҲ֪¡
ٺ٣ѵʲô£
ƤĴչͷȥЦʵ
ʯ֮󣬾һһȵᣡ
ûĵһۣӡ
ܵľٶõһĨĵ֮ϣʱĨ糺죬ʱޱߣõķֱӿɵۣٽȥ޷԰Ρ
߶
ỽ䣬ƵĿⶨƬ۵Ĵ֮ϣͷףĿ
棬Դ΢˻Ƶĺõ߽̱Уϣ޳Ľë΢΢ĲţڷֳһԵ֮⣬ſ˵С죬ϵŷ΢΢źϵĴ꣬ƺڶ䷢롣

Ҳ޷Īļ¶͵ĵͷ˫۵Ĵסݺݵ˱ţһƷõаգ
һǣõޱ޼ʵУ԰Ρ
ৣ
һѱˣƽ֮Сĵķڴϣѹȥ
ϵõ΢΢˹Ҳ֪һû˿ķ䣬ȻԼѹȥŴһ˫ĵھǷ޷ޣŷǴ㵵ɫоȻһĨ⣬λˣ

ĳϵ³˺ˣţϱĳŮһĺۼȥң类һ㡣
˵֮£ҲȼÿһҪĲбѹ
ŷһ޹ȴһĿС
ԼΪӰħʥŮȴǱھļһԼΣܲģ¶һҪ
Ҫ
ĳΪҵĽľķԺڴ쵴Զ
֮ڣɫޱߡ

ӥձӥۣ
仰ڷʺϲˡ
ϣڵõӦˡ
ҪҸ𡣡
󣬷˵ĵһ仰õֱۣǹ̵ţ
֪ΪΣţţرٲȥκε顣
Ϊ֪˻Լȥ
벻Ǹôεˡ
һ䣬ǻһۣӣû˵ȥ
㱼䣬ƾԼƺϵˡ
§Ĳ򣬶ǻ˵Ķ
ţߺܿȵ˯ߵУ䣬Ľ֮˫˫˯ȥ
ɫ߱ȥ
ɲ뱻ԼŮץڴ
ƣڴȴСεĵ
֨£
űƿˣһۺɫͬʵһӰ˷ڣ۾ʱѾǸݺģ
Сζôô͹ˣ
̽ƺѰʲôСΣǲźۼ䣬е⣬йʵ
ƲһСӣûˡ
˴齣΢΢ЩʧСŮȥ
ζʲôأ
΢΢ӣƶȥ΢Цʵ
ԣ׵ζ
СײĻУСӣϸţָŷͷ֮õһ顣
ӣ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ƿǻһˣΪ˲¶ϴһǱˡ
СνĿ׼ԶŴʱ򣬷ƺԥһѽ֮§ͷҲĳȥ


484 ƻ
УΪ½Уû֮һ
·أ½ÿһų֮ڣĴڣƺʥҲҪ֣֮û˸Ҵ⡣
ţһʵǿ󳬹ʥĻĹǣȴһֱòȷϡ
ʥ̬ȣ˱㶼ףԴ½ΪУͷʥҲҪΪ֮˼ɣ
֪еͷ֮󣬷ǲŷ
ò˵еȷǴһͷǴ޷
УûĶҩ֮ҩ֮쾧߽׵似ؼĹؼͨ鱦еҲų
ԣΪ˽̣ǾԲܵģڰȫˣȫˣκξˣ
ǷҪġ
Ҫȥһˡ
΢΢֮ھâ˸˲ԶСεĺǻһЦȥ
СζȥһϷȥȥ
·һҴͶʯͣ˽ŲЦ˵
һˣȻ
Ҫ֪ʱаųǵʯʦǼǳʯңȻȱ侧
ڲ̵㣬ƾʮ侧ǿ򲻵쾧
ţ
Сһ㶣תͷֵĶʯ֮ڣ洫󻶺֮õСŮеǳĺ棬תͷŷʵ壬ʲôİ
ͬʱŮҲǹŹֵĿŷơ
ѵݺǸĹ
˵пܣʱƵЩƶʯеöĹʵ֡
˲ǣ죬ʥŮûʹ׳κ£ƺܷһ㣬СÿԼ棬Ҳκεơ
£̫ˡ
ѵʥŮʲô
Сε·Ӱħڵ˲֪ߵŮȴ֪
߻̥ʮµŮ
˭߻ϵģȴ֪ܵңҲҹʡ
ֻǣȴ֪ǰʥŮȥһ˻֮˾ͱˣûãǻСΡ
ǸʱʥŮƺΪһΪƵ뿪̡
кŶ
ǣ§СΣǳΪơĶʯ֮ȥ
Ůû취ֻܸϣȴҪꡣ
ֻǣעҪʧˡ
ӭ٣
һģĶĹѸٵӭЦ⣬ĺš
Ȼһ㣬ǣ§ŵСΣǳʣŴǽǲһǴ˼ҵС
⣬Ůӣǲһܹӵеġ
ܽǰѰϵӣǸ֮
š
΢΢ͷǳһͨëȥ
ߣҲվкܶˣôһ߹ͶԲĿ⡣
΢΢һëϷţţ΢֣ǿаСë˳Сʵζ֪ʲô𣿡
ⲻʯͷô
΢΢ӨëϣСھɻ
ǺǣɲͨʯͷŶ
΢΢һЦһԵĶĹټǺü۸һԪëϵǱš
ߣ㣡
ŮǲмţĵȻǸöĹ
ѡϣǿǾһͨĶͽѡ
ৣ
ͬѩһƮ䣬ëۿɼٶСţΪϣҲһЩĿ⡣
ϾŮʵ̫ˡ
ˣ
һ쳹ʱ˸һЩĿ⣬ŷеǿӨӨ˸˸侧һ˫˫֮ڶһĨȡ
ŮһҲ΢΢ſ˿ɰС죬һĿŷơ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ϲϲ
һǸĹ΢΢һ㶣ҲһЦĳŷƹ˹֡
ۣƯŶ壬ʲô
ǰͬˮһ侧С֮˸žϲĹâ˫ţϵĸš
Ǻǣ侧ǸöŶζҪպˡ
ЦеĽţôСζҲѡһʯͷɣٿһ侧Ŷ
Ҳô
оӨ͸侧СԵЩԾԣڷƹĿ£ѡһʮҵëϡ
ȻûУ󣬷ƹʼʩϵĿ侧һĿȫ˹ʱ֮󣬸пһ䣬Բ䲻Ӯ״̬߳ʯ
ֽ͵ĶʯʹһֶΡ
һ仰ڶͽĿб˳
һΣѣ


485 ʮһ֣ô
һΣѡ
˻ʵ̫ţ
䣿˼ѵû䣿
ԭҲûж˻ȥעģǣжʵ̫ˣҲǳĸߵ˲עҲѡ
ʣֻһͨĶͽѣ˭ڼʱ֮ͨë򿪳ʮ侧
˿ʣӵͫʯʦ˭һ㣿
ԭֻһСӶǸʯʦ
ӵͫ˵˻ʲô˼
ѵսʯô
Ϣʯӵܷ׷׸еޡ
ǶһЩĸ֮ڷƵ仰ֱǵԼˣʱһж

ʯ֮ڣëϣȻܿõĶķڵĶͽǸе治ѣ׷׾ҲԽΧԽࡣ
ڷŮѾˣӵһҶʯʼǼݺٿʮʮ侧
ĳɼһͽ˵ֱ֡
ǣǰļңǰ侧漣ıƽ֡
⣬һô
ߣŮÿǰǸߵĻҲǲ⡣
ƣ
ֻʣһˡ
һۣƵϣֻʣһ侧ˣСζȥĵطòã
ðð
Сơ
ССȻ֮Եɣ˵ǣһʯͷҳ侧
ôͲأ
أ̾һСαǳſȥ
ôĿ
ڷ»Ҫ뿪ʱһЩ޷޵Ⱥ֮˹
ʮõĶͽÿһţһŶʮڼĴӵ±ǰ
Ƶǲźۼ䡣
Ϲˣ
ô
죬תȥȻĿǸӡ
˵䣿
Ծʯҵӵܣһ߰ΧĶͽǷһмƳŷơ
ļҲ򵥣ģӦö𾳽硣
˵ĲݵĲ򵥡
û
Ƶ˵ͷЦ⣬Ȼ˵ţҶʯȻÿӮĶȥǣҾʹû
ǹֳһĨ޵Ц⣬е侧
ߣ
һǹһĨЦ⣬䣿
ǰ
ֺǺǵĿһ볢ʲôо

֮ڣһЩ֮ڶͽǲĿ
ǰӣԾʯҵˣݵ׳Ȼ˵ݸ߹ʯʦ
Ϸˣ
ѿɫͽǶȤµĵźϷϳ
ȻԴ˵볢ĸоֱս
Ǻǣãõĺܣ
ǳ鶯һ
֪СӣȻҶҼү񣡡
Сӣֱ֪Ҽү˭ô
ļŭ˫ĿǳŷƣƺҪǰ֡
˵ѣôֻҪӮҲýˣѵ˵ӮңҲҵĴô
ƹ޹˵ţ˵Ҳȷ֪ү˭ңѵүͨ־ȡʤģ

󵨣

۾˶ɡ
壡
Сתŭǣһɵš
ã
ܵСڵ춯ɫһ䣬æһҩԣףζ
ţ
˫£Сκܿӷŭ˳Ǹĺвƽ
˿һЦ⣬ǺǣζǺǿŶ
˵ʾ׳˶ֱۣŵ˵ţһֻ۸˵ķݣû˭ܹ۸ŶԺ󣬿ɲΪСˣ֪ô
ţ
СαЩģֱ֡
ˡ
֮ڼҪð
ԼõؼʯҵӵܣߵĲ磿ڣݵĶĹȻԼ
ǿ벻̣ĵ̣Ͷˣǣаųǣԣ̡
ĳСӣ
޵ݶ챻ҧˣһҪСӸۣ
ֻǣȴ֪ΪСεҲһͬľ
Ҫ䣿
һаȵĻȣüͷһֱƵĵܼ򵥣ʮ侧һ֣Ҷô
˻
ôһִбʱڱǴһ


486 ֮
ʮ侧ڳ˿һˣ˵ЩͽԵؼʯҵҲصһ
ʮ侧Ҫóǻһѵġ
һʱ䣬Ҳ֪ô𻰣ΪЯ侧ȷ
û֪Ϊ˵ѵƾǹĪ
ʱŮҲȻĿڷʲô衣
ʮ侧ǿʮ򣬶ʮ飡
⣬ѾƵϡеĺˣ
ôѵʮ侧Ҳò
Ӿþòƹ죬ʲôЦһ㡣
ЩŭСεˣɲˣҪףǾҪݺݵף
㣡
ӱһһ࣬ȴΪ֮бĺܣŭȵʮ侧˵ĺѵõĳô
û뵽ȻǸ˰
ƹмƲƲ죬ȻҲʮ侧ǻûġ
˵ţóһöָݸһѾɵ˵ĶĹǰֻɨһۣĹٵӱһͫ
жٿ侧
ջ˽ָƹ˵
λˣܹʮǧʮ侧
ĹٺǿĻشš
ԭΪһֱͨëƣЩڣȴ𾪵ױȡ
һЯʮ侧ˣݣܼô
ٿСŮʱƺࡣ
һԻ
ţȻЯʮ侧
Ⱥ֮ھϣǸݵ׳ǶͶԲ˼ɫ
û뵽öĹȻ޿
ɵ۵ĲֹǣһڻĿⶼǱЩͣŮҲͶԲĿ⡣
ʮ֮ޣȴЯֵ˵Ĳ򵥡
Σ
ڵ𾪣΢΢ٴηƵõǸɫһƬϽɫ
ȥү侧
תߵһȵ
ǡ
Ǹ΢΢һ㶣Щԥˡ
ʮ侧Ŀʵ̫ˣ»ȥ侧ûõһˡ
ûõĶһСҲã
Ӳֱһű˹ȥĪĺǳţҽȥȥôϻ
˵ţȡһӸǸ
ǡ
ӹ壬Ǹһ˳ȥ
ܿģϢǴ˳ȥʱʯڵ˻ȫǾ£˹ви׵ʯʦ
ףǸǰ׼ҵҵ캮ôô⣿
Ⱥ֮УϳǸ
аų֮ڣؼʯңһ֮һ캮
Щľ֮жһĨ벻ޡ
ʯô
䣿켶ʯʦʯ̩Ƕ˵ĻݵöĹȻҷų˴󻰣
ǣǵʮ侧֮ʱѡ˹
ȿ˵Ͼʮ侧һ֣ǿɲʲôСĿ
ƣЩĿ⣬ֱδڶСΣһһС֮䣬ϵķЦⳡԵЩ롣
ĳ棬õĺܶ˼
ǲʮ侧бʤģ
ģǴӺζ
ߣ
캮޵һһɭĿһ֨죬вϵĴ
ǲԼ
ģ
â˸˸һҪ˸صĴۡ
ү
ʱǸǰȥĻǸ˻һöָ캮
ߣ㲻ô
ָУ캮ƺҵĹһ㣬˿֮Ҳ΢Уŷƣ˵Ҿ
Ǽ壬һţаʯ磬ҲһеľӢҶģԴԼʵͫ뾭飡
֮á
治£ֱӶϣҪѪ
֮
ĺΣ캮ѹе궯
ٺ٣ǲǿ֮Ĺ˲֪ˣ
ƳһЦٴôˣȻаųڻôڶ˵ļ֤£ˣǾԲܵˣȻ⴫ʯҲߵͷˡ
ףɫˣɣǶһ㣬һѡһʮҵëϣ˭Ķֵߣ˭ʤΣ
һɫͬὨһ˵š
ã
˼һ캮ûзʲô׵ĵطһڴӦ


487 ʯ
ʮ侧ĺģΪ˸ʱ䣬Ȼ⣬õĴڵĶͽǾЩʯʦҲ΢
Ůи𾪵޷
Ǵδݺʹùͫѡʯ֮ʱһ㶼ѡëϵĳɫ
Ȼһʯʦȶʯѵ侧ô
ٺ٣ǾͿʼѡɣ
ƺЦһ§СΣǳһԵļȥ
һ§һװСŮһ֣ë֮ķѡʯõһ顣
ȷǮ
ʱǿһֻƾˣôؼʯҵ캮أ
Щʯʦ¶ݡ
ʮ侧ôˡ
ţ
·ѣƱͣӦһ㣬ֱ֣ӽǿΪʮë
Ҿѡˣ
˵ԼҲʮҵëϣЦӯӯ˵ģƺ׬˺ܴƵġ
ʱΧһ˫˫۾Ǿâ˸˸ͨһƬм֮ڷֲâʹõǻĹͫ
ǣ
ǲ֪ν
ٺ٣ʮ侧ѵҲֵõģ
ǣǿëĿʱ򣬷׷׶ɢȥͫмЦֳ¶
ëɫһ㣬Щڣƺܹ濾Ȼû˿һ齹ʯеļƷ
ѡľȻǽʯ
˵ЩʯʦǶͽҲһ̾Ϣ
ֽʯΪëеļƷϣϵͨһʯҲ磬ΪڻĹսϣʱϫκˣһƬѡ
ǾԲ̳侧ģ֪飬ûй⡣
ȷѡ˵Ļʮ侧͵ѵˡ
ߣ
캮һߣһȻЦ⣬ü֮䣬ǳ֮ɫ
ʯʶˣȻһĶĹѣ㲻֪ߵغˣԼбҪ֮Ĳࡣ
һ˫Щâͫ׻ĻĹͫľͫ
캮츳ȻѾﵽ˵ؼн׵ĵز
Һˣѹ캮ȡʮ侧Ҳֱ
У
Ⱥ֮ʯҵ˷̾
ʢ֮£캮Ҳӵľʵ˫ͫܶ˴˾޴ѹ
ΪȺܿҪʼˣ캮ضǾУ
˵ʱڣûٿ÷ƣȻС⡣
һ齹ʯѣ
ڵһһС˽ǲ
ѵǲںʮ侧
˵ģƺǲôںܣ
ܿģ캮ѡԼëϡ
һʮҵëϣ¶ȻģҲһ㣬ȴ̣ȥΪ
ϣһ˫˫ͫٴеëɨš
ףǿ
ɢļʸߣӦˡ
캮ʵ˵ãѡļң
ʯҵ˷׷׳õΧ
ʮëϣܿǼֱֵǷʮϣ
õĶͽǸпĪʯҵˣȻ˲֮ԼƾԷܱȵġ
Χľֺ̾캮ĸˣԵõЦϣʢ˵ĳŷȥ
Сζ滵
СŮ˵Ȥ£ƳĴЦƺʯ֮Ѿһɶˡ

СҲ绨ЦϵĴзζֻǶź棬Ǵ˼СʱҲûҵ
׻汿
СεıͷдЦ
ʱߵ顣
ףôѡˣ
ʱƺŷ캮Ĵڣȵʵ
ߣ޳ѿ֮죡
ԽνԽѵϵĵҲ̻Ϊŭݣһ˫֮ھܵŭ𣬺ȵʯɣ
ٺ٣ȿɣҿš
ƺЦһ
ʵҲֱģΪëϵʱСǼһﾹȻ¡
ʲô˼
侧ͬʱҲ
ȷ÷ƾЩĪΪСԷƲѡ齹ڵĶ
ৣ
캮ҲۿŷƣԪһ£еëϱͬСһ㣬ͬѩһƮȻ¡
ûãһӨĹâ͸ʯӨӨ˸˸Щ֮ɫ͸ɭõͨëϿȥҲԽӵĲ
Ļâ
һ
ʱͨĶͽҲܿĳˡ
Ȼǿƾ
ëϱ֮һԼаƴǳǰ


488 챦
ʮҵëϣȻһ캮ʵٴһ̨ס
ΧĶͽҲһֱ֮ڶǳŨŨĽɫ
ȻһƷΪӵнԣֵİңֱֵӷ˶ʮ
Χľ̾캮ǻһĵ⡣
ͨëѡһʵĽ
ȷܱȵؼ߽ʯʦˮ׼ˣ
ˣ
ŷһĲ죬캮иǵ⣬һȵ
ٺ٣ô䣿
ƺٺһЦ˹ڽűߵĽʯ
ëϣԼҲûϣѡһ侧ëϣڲѾô
СˣҵĻͲˣ
ĬҲֻܽϣ齹ʯ֮ˡ
ʮ侧ʧ𰡣
˻ʱõ캮ɫһ޺޵ĵŷƣӳ鶯䣬ԵЩŤ
СӣϽ㣬Ӳÿ
ٺ٣СӾͻ֮
֪ߵغҼүǿǵؼʯʦ
ԵĻǽš
ǺǣؼʯʦôƺµĵؼʦҲ
Цһ̲˵š
˵ȷеؼʯʦ£ȻҲС

֪ν
ҿǷˣ
ʱֹ캮һˣЩʯҵӵҲ׷ŭȳ
ʲô˼ؼʯʦöĹ
ǿ
ƹεҡҡͷ嵭˵ţǣҶʯû
СӣţҪͷˣ
ҿԼĽˣӦøѵԣ
ȷʵǣʵȴõʯҵ˽ܲˣ˵ʱʽΪڳʯҵ˹ͬĵˡ
ٺ٣Լ
ƺЦһԪһ£ǽΧĿȫ˹һ˫˫۾ǿǿ齹ڵëϣΧرİš
ৣ
һ죬һ㽹ڵ䣬Ǿ濾һ㣬ûκԣѣ
ëϱһС룬û˿͸͸ҪʲôâˣٲȻһϣ
꣡
ϣǶͽҲһ
Σʮ侧ôˡ
ʱеĽʯѾֻһȭͷСˣһƬûκεϣԣһˣ
ǼһﲻˣҰɣ
ʱҲڴˣֱðɷŻٶȡ
ܼӣ
Ůۡ
ʲô䣬ûʱȫ˶һЦ
㵹ǿ㰡
ôҪʱ䣿ٺ٣СӣҸ㣬ûõģ˵ĻаʥҲỤ㣡
ЩĽţķǳصɫ֮󣬸ǵ֣ƺʮ侧Ѿһ㡣
ʲôô䣿
üͷ̲˵ţ۾һգӿٶȡ
ৣ
ֻȭͷСĽʯ𽥵ţ˰ȭͷСʱһ㰵ɫĻâƶõΧĿҲ
ף
Щֵ۾Ǽǲ㵭İâʲô
ףⰵĻ𣬲侧ӨҲۣǣȴԼصɫ
ѵǡ
һΪʯߣͫһţһſڣ˵䣬촽ҲЩƺǼʲô˼һ㡣
̣ƺǡ
ΧʯӵҲ䣬һ˫˫۾һ㰵Ľʯ֮ϡ
ⲻܵģͨëôֶܳ
캮ɫ䣬һ԰ףоԵЩҡ
ţ
ǵķӦһѵǳ侧֮ʲô
ֻǸϵȣţ̲ص侧֮ϣʱһϲ
ѵ쾧
ֻһ룬ƵĺǼԪ£ʯٴСš
ŽʯĻС֮ڵ¶ȸǼٵţһЩΪˣòԪ͵ȡ
ĻâŨˣһۿɼʹǲĽʯ֮ڱŷϯܡ

һ죬õжһһҫ۵Ĺâӷǿ齹ʯ֮бŷ˳貵Ĺâͬҫ۵һ㣬õ˲ֱӣ
ʱǿʲôжǴЩͽǸΪǶǿҲϤһ޼챦ס


489 龧
ëϣΪʯϣΪżԣڵʯ֮ڣǻ汦
ڲԪõ侧ֱٱ磬ǿԪܵ쾧
֮⣬Щµ̲˻Ĺʱڴսʱĸͨ鱦
Ȼпͨ鱦ʵ󲿷ֶǲƵģֻƬܸѾȲüƷǣĹʱڵͨ鱦ֵǷǳģֻһƬڶϹŶ
ȻȥЩЩʯ֮ڣ̲ڶļƷϣ磬龧
龧Ϊͨ鱦ҪϣΪ龧Ĵڣԣͨ鱦Żͨ飬ڼϡвϣͨ鱦
ֻüƷĲϣôĳһ뱦ѣȻǰ뱦ܵĳ̶ҲǼƷӵеģԣ龧ļֵνǸߵף޼۵Ĵڡ
ڶϹŶΪ֮Ķ
Ϊһöһ꣬ټһЩҩ䣬ּܵԪ
ǣʵ̫ϡˣ伸ʸǿ龧İٷ֮һԣǿǶᱻϹŶֱ
ȻЩʯ̲֮صԶԶֹڴˣЩʥҲΪ֮Ķ޼ʥ

¶ʯΪаǴͶʯ֮һΪܱڵ̵ļ죬ԭɫѰʱͻأģӳ¶ʯ֮ڱһǿĹâΧɫҲȾˣڶ˵ע⣬ׯ԰֮ڣһ˫˫â˸˸۾ڼĨĻâ֮ǵⶼǷ
ʱƶǳų¶ʯȥ
ʱʯ֮ڣ˵ĿⶼǼڷƵ֮ϡ
ڣһۿɼõΧĿռȼһ㣬ͣͨĹâͬյĹԣֱӣãԲǰȥһĨССĻţƺЯĳ̣ʮ鶯
ɿɣ
һ˫˫֮ڳױȵ𺳣һŴһһ֮䣬ɿɡ˵
һеĹʼָƽԴǿڷ֮һָ״Сξ顣
ƾ侧Ϊ侧һǴԪΪ
Ϊһûм᲻ɴݵԣࡣ
龧
̺鶯ľ壬Ϊͨ鱦زٵ֮һ
е龧ǻԵģ
ҳһ侧ң
һͻأ𣬽һֵӱǼȺ˷ԣһŷϣ¶һ˫˸žС۾
һϲ۸֪ߵļ̡

ľٶʱˣʱķ֮һƬֵ֮˶ߺйеļ
龧ǿ龧
ݵöĹȻһ齹ʯ֮ڿһ龧
ʯҵӵܣǶͽǣʱ˿̶޷ƽԼе뼤ˡ
龧챦
ʱ캮ʮֵľʣ콻棬任ϣЩԭĻʱҲ˵ӣϾǿֻš
龧ֵΣʮ侧ǾԴˮƯ˵ġ
龧
ƺٿЩ𺳵ɫƱ֪˲õ۸ֻҪߵס
ۣƯʯͷ
Сðǹ⣬ֱֱĿǿ龧
дĳƺõ˲˸ͷЩǱǺĿһɫǵͨ졣
۵оһȽƯʯͷô
ŶСζϲô
ûȥЩĿ⣬ͷСʵ
š
Сصĵͷֻᷢʯͷĵϲ
Ǿ͸Сζɡ
˵ţֱӽ׵龧ƯʯͷݵСС
лл壡
С龧ཱུСϸŲõЦݣ󣬱ڷһĿˮӡһһСǴЦ
˾ٶõȫ˶Ϊ֮֮ͣ͸СŮΪߣ
ŮſС죬Բ˼Ŀ⿴ŷơ
ż׳ΪζСʥŮôãңԼ˽ӳʥŮ֮ҲδţԴ˲Ҳʵ̫ˡ
˼Զ뵽֮ǰСεĻ
ݺװУңŵ׵ζ
ѵ
һܿǽԺǲʵʵͷɱ
뷨̫ΣˣԼʥŮôܿݵöĹأ


490 
ܿģ¶ʯڱӿˣ٣Ʋһ
ҳ侧Ұɣ
һֱվڷǰǸٴγҧгݵģƺ˺ܴľģų˸߼ۣͶһ׬˵
ҳ侧
ʱſڴһ϶ʮȥ˱Ǽһͷ԰ףɫ˲Ծ䲻ӵ˽
ߣǸӱ˵ӣȺ֮ڣðͷ档
ȻʶߣңֻҲǳĲ
ҳ侧
һſڴţһϡ˽ϣǣ˫ȴâ˸˸ͬգҫֱӡ
ҳʮ侧
ǰǸɫһ䣬һֱ侧ʱõĴڵĶͽ޲ǵ
ʮ侧
ߣҳʮ侧
ǸƲһۣҲֱ
ҳʮ侧
һʮӶķ֮⴫˽Ǽһ˲Ŵ˽
һˬЦ⣬ֱǳŷվ֮˹
ףõĳһƬ֮
Ȼ˶ף龧۵ĴڣҲûܹ뵽Ǽεۣͱ̧˶ʮ侧֮ޡ
ѾܱȵһϺõƷ쾧Ĵˣ
쾧Ǿ챦ֻӵ쾧ǿߣվ۷壡
ʮһ侧
ǸҲûֱӼһ
ʮ侧
һҲʾֻ鶯ȴ˵Ѿʹˡ
û龧ļ۸ǼΪ˵ģǣǰⲻһָ״С龧ѣƾôһ龧ɲ㹻ͨ鱦׼Ҳ߱
ǣСҲ⣬ٳɶ࣡
˭ô˿һ龧أ
ʮ侧
Ǹһٴμ˰侧ֱٴμӵ
㣡
߽ŭĲȴ޿κΡ
ΪǿǴľˣľˣǴҪչĶǾûĹ
ָ״СѣȻѵãǣλǵȷǲڼˡ
Ǻǡ
΢һЦһȣǿƣ˵֪λֵܷתô˿龧
˵䣬ʮ侧ȷ龧ļ޼۸ˣٸߵĻǱǷڴ͵Упܳߵļλ
У
һ
Ǵ½УΪеˣΪӣܱʥصӵܣԣȻΪϣȲߣݣȴǱ
˼ţѾ龧͸Сζˡ
ƺһЦҲǿ˵š
ҪȥأȻܽ˸ˣңȥҲʲôթ֮ˡ
ʲô
ԣ˶Ǵ㵵Ŀ
һֵʮ侧龧ôһƯʯͷ͸һСŮˣ
ֹݳ˷ѣֱǱ
Ůһ
ʮ侧ľô͸СʥŮˣΪҪһֱСʥŮôأ
ţеɻˡ
û֪ΪҪôֻԼ֪
ʮ侧࣬ңҲҪģǣСеĵλǲ޼۵ģ
⡭
ϵЦҲΪ仰ûɾܾģǣȴΪôһɵɸܾˡ
Ϊô
ʮ侧򵽶
ü۸񲻺ʣǻ̸̸
һ䣬˵
ΪѾٽһһεĴᣬԣռ챦Ŀ
Ҫ֪еķֲɲֹаųһңΪеˣǵļֵһһεҵˡ
龧ȻҪģռǿһʲСҵ
ǺǣˣͳȥûҪջصĵ
ҡҡͷٴܡ
˻
һٴξܾ˫顣
侧ûеõڣƺҲеֳһ㲻졣
ǵ
ڳ˶Ϊִ𺳡
ɲÿһ˶ģ٣ʣԼ
λֵܹȻǴǣˬĳֵˣ
ǵûգЦ֣ŷƱȳĴָ
аų֮УҲ඼һЩ̰֮к֮ˣ֣ѾֵĴڡ


491 һ
ΪСŮһ仰ֵʮ侧龧ֱӾ͵˳ȥԭ˶ǵһϷԶѣڣȻܾ۵Ľ
˿ų˺ӣһ£̾Ϣģипģо̾ģҲгġ
ЩĿ⣬ȫֱˣŵԣһ
ɫ٣峺ףǸ֮ˡ
Ǻǣֹˡ
Ƴ΢΢һЦһЦе˵֣龧ȻǣֵһеĶ֪ûȤ֣
Ŷ
һ٣ɨһƣ΢΢һʵ֪λֵγƺ
ѩ𣡡
΢ЦŻشš
֪ѩֻʲô챦أֵҶѩֵģ
ű֤š
ʱڵĿǼݵӵϣһ˫˫֮ڳ˾Ȼ
ôһöĹݺϾȻ챦
ңʱ˵ϻŵǼ챦̶ֻǻֵʮ侧龧
ҪѯʣȴǼڳֻ÷׷һߣһԹš
˵ǻڼϣԼҪģԼҲ׼ĹȻ㣬ǣҪĶǶмеģ֣ܳѾˣ
Ǻǡ
Цһ޵һ񣬡ֵȴ£˵Σ
޷޷
ȻĨ޵񣬶ʱһϵЦŨˡ
ԽأǾͲʹ˵Ǽܲô
ֵʮ侧龧¶ˣȴԸⱩ¶һֵ˵챦ֵʢ
ܵõֵ龧챦Ǳضɫ١
Խ룬ص챦Ƕһڴ
ƵɾˣЩֵʯӵڶͽҲһȤģ
Ǵ඼µˣбضһ˵챦
ŷƳԼ˹캮৵һ£һ԰ס
Լˣ̫ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽ǲǱʮҵĽʯ֮ڣȻܿĳһ龧
ֱˣ
֮аųǸʯ֮ڵĽʯȫϴһգ֮󻹳˺ܳһʱ䣬ǣȴûܴӽʯ֮ڿ龧ң½ʯΪ̫ܻӭȵǼۡ
ߣ
캮޵ĺһɨһΧˣװʮ侧Ľָ׸ƣǴżҴҵ˳ȥ
лү´İ
ǽָһƬɫƳĸߺõ캮һģԵǼӿ˽ŲҴȥ
߽ǲ˵Ľͣһ㵵Ŀŷơ
һƾˣȻһӵлĹͫĵؼʯʦȶʯһһʮ侧˾ǣȻ˼Ӯⳡʯ
˵ֻһֵʮҵĽʯͿһ龧ʱ˶𾪵Ĳ֪˵ʲôˡ
ʯ֪ģԲ̳ʲôǣݺУȴǿһֵʮ侧龧
̫Ϸˣ
ѵ
䣬ûԭֻһЦһĻڴʱȴǼ˵
Ӯˣûܹϣ
˵˶ʯҲģƫƫţҪˣƢǺοأ䲻ͲҪ
ҡԴ˵Ļõڳڶ׵ʯҵӵӶһǲϵĳ鴤š
Ҫһλѡ
ҡͷ̾ϢһһּįתЩʯҵӵܣλ˭һô
˻õڶʯӵɫĺѿȴЩηǽаˡ
ʮ侧ɲСĿˣǿɾֵ̫ˡ
Ƕģа԰ա
ⲻҪĽ
ȻӮʮ侧˼ֵʮ侧龧ǣȴõЩһﲻұˣҲǵòʧ
Ļھâһ
ĳԲϹӵоŵʵ
ѵ켶ʯʦ
ͷһϵЦŨˡ
켶ʯʦ½ϣĳ̶ȿɲ켶ҩʦ٣Ϊһλ켶ʯʦܴĲƸʵ̫ɹˣ
ܽôһλϷ糾켶ʯʦҲһ׮
ҵԸû취ˡ
˴𻰣Ʊ˱죬һЦ⣬ǳȥ֣߰ɡ
棬СαŮߣһֱߵֵͷƲǺ˿һͬȥ


492 
ڳ¶ʯ飬ܿ㱻˳ȥʱǽԾ
һΪѩݶĹѾõӵ캮һֶʮ侧ʮҵëϣһֵʮ侧龧ȫǣ
龧аų֮Ув˿ģ֮ͻῪһΣʱһῪüΡ
ǣǶѡ˰ĸƷëϣΣʯȻѡһ齹ʯȴһ龧
ʯǷеļƷǣһëεķϣȴǿ˳֮龧
£õ˼ֱ޷ţǣȴʵڵĴţ
һΣѣ
ĿںţʱڳģеؼʯҵˣΪ캮ܣǶǲҽս
ҵһΣ
ڣѩ𾿾ӵй˵ʵǵֻȴǳһɵ㣬ԣԭһЩˣҲƽΪûԸʮ侧ȥͷ
ˣ侧ᱻãӮˣʵҲûʲôΪѩûб¶ͫ
Ӯһûʯ֮ͫˣܵõʲôأ
Ӯⶼһòʧ飡

һ·ϣҲ˵Цģ̸
ܿģһ͵ĹڱǳڷǰûЩʯô̻Իͣȴһ¶ĪּͬȪһ㣬˵ļ䣬˶һˬ
һУ
ǹ֮Ϲŵǿңһ
ֺΪɷ裬һݴܰݴ½ģ
룬дĸˣΪض
μ䣬ʵҶĳ̶ֳȵǿ߾һ壡
Ǻǣѩ֣룡
ڵɫȻӲ۾΢΢һ䣬Ц⣬ŷƱ߽֮ڡ
£
һ·ϣ˶ǹĳкֻ΢΢ͷѡ
ɼڣӦҲһ
ϣⲻǵô
ţӭһӣ֮ǴһĨζЦ⣬Ľһ
£
ˣϵЦ⻺ҲЩơ
Ȼ£Ǻܸð
˵°ղżҴҵܳȥΪˣ
ɨһƣһĴֲϣкڸǵ¶һĨĵɫ˵䣬ĨмΪˡ
û
뵽ƣɫʱࡣ
ܳ龧챦ԼҲڼλµаһ֡
ǣ
Ӳмһ۾˵°򵥵һ㲻ôٶ࣬Ǿ޷ģҿԽԽȥˣȵҵ͹ԹԵĵװɣ
źᣬԲ챦ˣֻҪչĲ챦ǾͶв
ͨƷٶ࣬ǾԱȲһ챦Ӱġ
ǺǣżһεףҲģֻҪ׾ˡ
΢һЦһϷʵĿ
㣡
ɫһָŭɣȻĲ壬ΪѾˣΣã㷭ˡ
һ뵽ԼչǼ챦ϵŭɫܿЦ˵Ѿ֮ǰˣͻѿ֮ѣ˵һ챦ҲûչҵҲ̫˰ɣҪҪһ
лµĺˣˣ
ȻЦ⣬ѾеĻҲĮ
ٺ٣ŬɣղչһƷ쾧ʵ̫ˣҾȥЪϢһˡ
ҫһĻȥ
ѩּЦˡ
ǴһĨĿЦŷ˵š
Ǻǣ˱ȱȽǣֺαһʶأ
֮ĶԻҲô£ϵЦȴǸŨˣŨһ
ѩֿÿֵ̾簡
Цŷƹ˹֣һĨ⡣
֣ԼԽԽˣֵʮ侧챦תˣԼȴżӣû˿ԣͬһͨƽһ㣬ڣҲûΪԼݣԼ̬仯ƺѾûжܹӰĵˡ
֮ˣΪô΢
ɻˡ
ʱƿȥҲʮңΪȴڶѣ㣬ôҲ벻ͨ
츳ٵͣӵʮ侧ۣ侧Ҳܶѵ˰ɣ
˵䣬ŷ߽һҡ


493 
ڣһܷռ䣬ԶĴڣ棬ǾĶԻġ
ңʵΪ˱˿͵˽רġ
ף
΢΢һ㶣֣ԼͫҲ͸ǰǰǰ֮ľŰ壬ʱвȫķ
ѩ־ܷģңƵĳһһж˿Ĵйȥ
˵ţϾЦ⡣
ԽǽţǾʹǷ챦ҲԽΪ󣬲Ȼʮ侧ɫΪλ˵Сأ
š
Ƶ˵ͷɫҲ΢֣»ϣҪæˡ
¶ݣ
£ΪⲢԭȵݣǵǣȲ֮ǲĻ¡
Ŷ
һʵѵѩﻻ
ﻻһ㶼ǽԹص챦ȥȡǹص챦һƷ쾧ȡƷ쾧УȡһЩķöѡ
û
صĵ˵ͷ
ѩǴʲôʲôأ
ʻ䣬Ҳǳڴ
ﻻ֪ȵҵԼˡ
ৣ
ַóһݵǰ
Ҫȡҩ֮
Ŷ
ҩ֮иһЩȲСȭͷСУ˿
ܰ˱ǣƻãõܿ۾һһ˹еͫ͵һֱ৵һ±վ
λ
ļأʱҲ޷ƽֱӾܷķ䣬ȻжĽ
ţû
ĪĿע£Ƶ˵ͷֱӳˡ
˻λ
˿ⶶЩ
ԭΪóƷ쾧ǰ챦ѾǺܲˣȴδƾȻֱóһʥ
ѾĵλϢ˳ȥĻȳ̶ȸǸʲôˡ
һλһ꣬ʥʣĸϹŶֵܱ
Խ룬Խӵļ
εԻǿǰģϢһȥţϹŶҲĸεᣡ
һλҵǵһˣҲֹаųǵĵһ½еҵһ
ѩ֣ȷҪλΪ֮
ȻֱӽܣǣǴһЩȰοĿǶԷ˵š
λǾԵʥ룬һѾ龧ļλᲢˣλǾ͸Ӳ龧챦ܱȵˡ
ҩ֮Ȼ˵ҲǼΪܳΪ׼ʥǣԲʥܱȵģһλǻȡ꼫Ʒҩ֮Ҳû˿⡣
ʥﲻɵãҩ֮ȻѰټǶЩϹŶ˵ȴǶ⡣
ÿһϹŶǶǼĿµġ
Ȼ
⻰ֱǽ˿ɽ֮У֣Ҫȡͷľ𡭡
˵Ļȱٵļʮֶҩ֮һЩϡ伶Ķҩȫһһ˵˳

һҩüͷԵЩΪˡ
λȻѵãǣһ任ȡĶҩ֮Ǹܵ飬˵ģҲû˭һܹյ˶Ķҩ֮
Ǻǡ
Ȼ֪Ϊü֣𺳵Ŀ£ٴó
⡭
𺳵˵
ΪеĹ£˵ÿÿն챦ŽԣЩѰΪ챦ˡ
ڣȴʵʵı𺳵ˣҲţǻ˭վλϣ᲻ö١
ʮаڷǰʮӣʮλǧܱ꣬һλʥ˵٣
ϴػôģ
ǰݵ׳𺳵ױȣþ˵
˶λôģ

ΪеĹ£֪ؿǱȸڵʥػ࣬صĿ£ӹɣӹ£ǵʥֻ¶λ
ڣʮλİǰʱ򣬾͵߸ʶ
ԲǧһεĶģ
лѩֶĳΣ
عһصĳŷƹ˹֡
ѾֹʮλĴڼֵˣ֮иϵеһشܡ
˽ժȡλңɹˣ


494 糤
֣ﻰֵ֮ӦΣ
ǰһص۾Ц
ԼûˣȷǸˬˣЩֻˣֶεСˡ
ѩǣĳٴʧˡ
΢ЦЩĳŷƹ˹֡
ܴûʮλ·֪ˣûκκôңܻʹ֮϶
ʮλ
Ѿĵʢĳ棬ǿǰģ
λϹŶ޷ӵʥһϹŶǿ϶ȫаųǣ
ǾԵģ
ţЩ
ӵд˵ҵԼӦþ뿪·ؼˣ
飡
Ǻǣֻǲ֪ʮλȡЩҩ֮أ
ֺǺǵһ䡣

λ𺳵ѹ֮ٴüͷ
ʮλԭļֵӦǶһ˶Ķҩ֮ģǣԣĺãϵĻֵܼȷˡ
ǣҩ֮ôûظأңͬͷһĶǲɻõġ
ѩ֣Ҫռȫҩ֮ǵΪô
û
Ƶ˵ͷ
Сε϶壬뾭صжҩĶԴпƿأϵ⣬ΪÿһֶҩԣǶͬġ
ЩѰˡ
˵֮󣬷üͷ
ǰһˣֻӵжصһ꣬궾ҩֵ֮ϣֵһλѵԼҪɣ
ңرЩϡ伶Ķҩһ꣬ǲû취ס
ֵ֣⻹һЩҶ
˵ţóһҶ
ʮƬɫҶӣİڷ֮ڣõϵɫͣ͵ĵһҲû³
ڼȷϴأ
֪ûι
ǰƼͨݺ𾪵ױȣҼԿ϶һϿ϶ι
λҶˣӵιҲûʲôĵط෴ģûιǲ֣
أʥ˵֮أ߽ȥˡ
ģһ˵һԴĴ˵ʱ˻һ¡

жʱôһ
ѩ֣ĳô¾ͽĳɣұֻ֤ҪϵĶҩ֮ȫչ
£ű֤š
˾Ͷлˣ
ƴϲмĳ˹֡
УΪ½һУĵʵǿļ˵ǱȸʥػҪǿĴڣȻ㣡
ԣ˰Ʊд󶨡
ҵ뷨ġ
Լļƻȫ˵һļϣˬһλһƬҶȻԽͳſڡ
Ҫˣ
ԶȥӰ˿֮ھâ˸˸ǼתһľԺȥ
ðŰˣȻòϹŶжҵĿԵġ
ϣ£ôɰ
ǿԺӣǸӱǴԺ˳ǹһĨϷʵЦݡ
Σõҵһˣ
ǰҲúɡ
ˣϵļĳȥ䲻ĻӦһ䣬ǹֳһĨƺЦ⡣
ʱҲҲƺҪˡ
ܱȵĹλʥǿǲˣң̶ֳȵĶó
ΣȷײˣǷƽСΣôܻóλ
£ʲô
һ΢Цһ١
²Ϊ£ҲĵطӵзĶˡ
Ȼ²
˵գ΢΢һЦƿֱԺȥһվԭأ˸

Ժ֮ڣһζ滨ݣ׺УСأ峺ףûаֵݳޣȴһ̡
С֮һСͤһ෢߶ǣϸƷ֮裬һҰ׸֮񣬻ûа˿˾Ѿ뵽֮䣬ںΪһ
˽Ż˽ŲСͤߣͣйĺ糤ϣ

ͤ߳ĺ˿һò裡
豭ʯϣſһ嵭΢΢ڣ˵
յص챦糤򻤣
˵䣬óĵݵʯϣ˺󼸲


495 Ķ
Ŷ
෢ķ糤ϲΪ⣬ֻǵӦһһЩŻһС
֣˿ʱϱǱˡ
һƬɫҶӣͨͬһ̵ֻӨ˸˸ͬɡ
Ҷ
Щ𾪵һȻķ糤Ͽз΢΢չͫף⣬ĳĲƽ
û
΢𾪵Ŀ⵱У˵ͷǲźۼ䡣
ҪԾǿɲһ׵飬ʮһ
벻ξȻҶǿϧˡ
ֻ糤ϱǻָ촽ĺӸϡ
ȻҶĳԾҲǳ֮ѡ
һ˵õҶʥ˭óأ˭ϣԼܶꣿ
ʲôأ
еĺӣһ֣˺иǡ
ܰ˱ǣһ̱Ǵζ֮˳˲ʱõķ糤Ҳ΢΢۾һܣʧС
λ
۾֮󣬿ǷۺɫܰС䣬糤ѿڽггŨŨ벻˼顣
ܹһʥҲסˣ
ʥɶãԹʥأǲΪһλô
һǻģһͨ˷֮Ƕһ꣬Ǵ֮Ըҩأ
Чѣ˵꣬һʮǾеġ
Ҳ˵һλӵһλʥһ㣬ǧ֮ã
⣬ٴ䡣
糤Ȼϡ֮꣬ǣ˶ҪΪԼԺ㲻ô
֪ķ糤Ķˣ

Уƽ΢糤΢˿ſЦʵλҶǺУ
糤ϣʥһΪѩС
΢΢ףֱ֮ӣĻش
ѩѩôû˵ôһ壿
糤΢΢ѹһԺڵļ䣬ȴûҵйѩĴ
Ȼ۵֪ڵεġ
Ҫʲôļλ
ôʣֱǱ¶롣
õʥֻҪǺµģ
ţǶһĨЦ⡣
˭뵽ЩϼһеĿ£Ȼ׬˵Ĵˡ
ҪȥЩϼһ϶ἵʵ˫ͨɣ

뵽ִ糤ϳĴЦƺѾһżʵ
糤ϣͬѩҪﻻ
ǹĻشš
ﻻ
ԣ糤ϵüͷ΢
侧˵ûʲôѹǣҪǾͱָƷ룬ܻʥƷǼ򵥵ô
Ҫʲô
ҩ֮ͷľ𡭡
һ󴮶ҩִ֮˵һЩ׼ҩϡ䶾ҩÿһǲɶõϡ
Ҫ˶Ķҩ֮кã
Щ֣糤һ㶣ʵǶʦҲҪ˶Ķҩ֮ɣ
ʥﻻȡҩ֮˶ʦܻôˣƲܣǾǶʦܻҪ˶Ķҩ֮
أģһ뵽һƪ伮ϵļء
ռ˶Ķҩ֮޾УҲйٴΣÿζһʱȳȻܿľͳȥ
Ϊ˶Ķҩ֮ԲȫģرǱͷǿǴڱеĶûܹժȡĵ
û˵
ҡҡͷش
ƵɫЩҩ֮ȴǺΪУƺҪһеõӣΪˣϧóʮλʮƬҶ
һܹ𾪴½֣Ѿ뵱һʥܻ
룬֪ˣ˭ܹ
Ŷ
糤ϷеУ΢УƾһλһƬҶҪȡʮֶҩ֮ҿǳ˵Σ
ȻҲõʥǣʵ̫󣬶ƾһ֮ҲԲܴ˶Ķҩ֮½Ҳܹ롣
糤ϣûҪƾȡ
΢΢һЩҪһλּƷҩ֮Ϊ߽жһһƬҶͨҩ֮Ϊ߶һ
Ŷԭˡ
⻰糤ϲ΢ĵ˵ͷ
λ⣬ȡ꼫Ʒҩ֮˿Ϊ
ȵȣ˲ֻܻȡô
ţֿ
糤ϣܹ׼ʮλʮƬҶΪһ֮
Щ˵ţھǿܡ


496 
ʲô
һĪľԺڴ˳ȥڶгԱע⣬·¸ǽһ٣תԺӡ
֪ղ߽ȥˣڣʲô飬õݸ߹ĳ˵ľأ
ѵʲô˵챦
ţµɫһ
õ糤ʧ̬ĶܼôԼչǼ챦Ҳ΢΢ѣ֮£֪
ܣǸһʲô챦
ۿ߽ңԭǵЦѣô糤𾪵ĶƺǸƼΪͨļһṩġ
ңǿɲ˭˶ܽȥģ챦ֵҪʮ侧ôĹ˿Ͳܱ֮ΪеĹ
ߣҾͲˣ
һתȥ

С֮ͤڣ糤ҲסˣǶȥ˸죬ͣ˽ŲһصĿʵȷʮλʮƬҶ

һ˵š
е𺳣Ǵһʼڶûг׵ƽϢ
⡭
糤ϵٴס
ĻȻǾͺȻˣģ
ʮλʮƬҶ
൱һλʥ˵ԪʱҲβƽˣ
ˣ
ԲУ˵еԣƣǾԲΪһ¸ˡ
ңΪѩˣó˶λҶⲻֵ˼ô
ҲǴʱ糤˼ĵط
Ŀ˵ǵģЩ˵ȥˡ
ѵЩ˶Ϲô
ÿǧһΣǵλʲôǶᱻ֪ܲĿλҶǵģ֮ʮĹռ
ԣΨһĿԣΪѩˣ뵽صУ
ֻôһ룬糤бһ֮ͫ¶һĨɫ
ȻΪأǾ;һأûκ֮ܽˣ
ѵֻһѣ
ȥһ֮ɫ΢УԶоâ˸ƺܿһУδ
ܽصģֻһˣۣ
뵽ۣвһ
Ǵ½ϼµĴڣ޵Ĵڣ֮ϵĴڣ
ܣԲܡ
ֻһ룬ҡͷˡ
޴ۣԻĹ۾ƿնȥ֮½֮ϣҲûгۡ
Ҫ֪һλ۵Ĵڣܸı½ĸ֣ңʥǴժȡôΪҪóһҩ֮أ
Դ֮ܣĸ洦ֿɵãҪ¡
Ŀٴʱ򣬺ҡҡͷ
ҲǣֻȷǲʳڵģˣֻЧѡ
ΣһҪȡλ
糤һ¶˾ġ
ĳһӵʮλɵģһֲε
Ҫ֪һλʥػһ
һ뵽Լҵ۱ʧûκѶɵа̾һ
⣿
ǧǰҴŷ棬žޣʮʱ䣬ͻƵʾ磬ɾʹܣΪϣʥ֮ˣȻʢ֮ʱȻŷҵĵ۱һͬʧˡ
ˣõķʧȥһλδʥˣҸʧȥʶ۷ʸ
ûе۱Ƿҵۺֻͱ۳ˡ
ˣЩҲǳŵļ࣬ڵ۳Ĵ嵱Уҵףڶ೬ҿӣλ᧿Σ
ʱգңѾǼǧǰǸʢû˸ǵķˣڵķңڶУһͷΣϻѣѾûжвˣǣϻվϻû֮ǰ˭ȥǾԻᱻҧһڣҲˣ
ⲻЩϣģ㽫żȥҲʧȥʶʸֻ˶ѡ
飬Ȼ
ԣľǽͷΣϻΧȴһ̡
ԣҲ˵ұż۳ǣҲǳ飡
λĳ֣ɵ÷糤жϣ
˵ȫõֻҪܵõһ룬Ҳ᧿ΣķҴһˡ
۱أ
Ѱ˼ǧ꣬Ȼû˿Ѷ򣬻ҷ˸飬ЩأһЩ֮ضѰˣȴûҵ˿ͷ۱棬ƺôƾʧһ㡣
۱ʶ۷ʸǷҵ۱ع飬ǻмҴҵ⣿
˼ǧ꣬˶Ϊ棬ӦǴŵ۱ĳ֮ˡ
ԣѰҵ۱飬Ҳˡ


497 Ϣ
Ͽ϶ֹЩ
糤ԶͻأģоȻҪΪѩͷоϿ϶̲˲˵Ĵܣ
ңܣϵأ
¼ǵñܣκλι·Ҫ˵ȥô
˸˸ֱ
ף
˵ͷ
ȻףǽƱ¶˳ȥǽȥ޾鷳ѡ
еһйǣԹ˿͵ϢԵıܣ
š
϶Ļظ糤ϲĵ˵ͷʵûҪ󣿡
У˵ֻҪеЩҩ֮ϡ䶾ҩϣϣһ겻©ռ
ʵ˵ţоâһ
ΪƸҩϣǽصĶҩ֮ͳͳˣֻʮ겻ڶѡ
ѵҪҪĶҩȫռ
ôһͷԺõһ
Ŷ
糤аȻȴʵô
ģҾȽϺá
ţǽԼ˵˳
λҶóƬΪѹᣬԴ󻡶ȵʥļֵ
ϡΪȫȻôңóƬã಻٣
󣬾ļλЩӵжҩ֮˽ƴնһţǿ϶ģ
ʥļλңܽгֵĸֶҩռȫȷȫ
ȷǸð취
糤ϵ˵ͷ˼ȴתռ£Ǿͽȥ
ţԼݣȥռͷĶҩ֮ûܹܾôһܲʲôͽʣ߶λƬҶȫռ
ߣ³֮󣬰ԭλλƬҶ
һΪѵɫ糤ɫһ䣬һ
糤ϣⲻװɡ
˱촽׳ŵ˵
˵ˣңô
糤Ʋһۣȥ׼ɣ
л糤ϣ
дϲл֮󣬽ϣǿٵ˳Ժӡ
壬ʱȫͬĸҲߵԭΪûôĵȥչЩҩ֮
仰֮䣬߳ɵʥǱǾôֹθɾ
λҶ
У糤۾⾫
һٿ°Щռ㹻Ļϣһôһ
ϲɫһ÷ңȻҪⶫ֧ô
ҧ촽֮ھŨŨĲʣ̾һʧ
ΣȻȻǾҪסˣ

֮󣬷Ʊֱص˿ջڣΧЩԼ̸ۣǹһĨЦ⡣
꣬һ֮һʮڣ
ݶĹԼˣܵؼʯʦ
ʱЩ˿вô⡣
ûЩĿ⣬ƾֱص˷䣬ţǿڶһȶ˵ӰʱһÿĻȡ

һ죬»ָԭò˹ȥ
İɣһѾˣֻҪĶҩ֮ռ
˫ĵĨ޵ĵǣϵЦŨˡ
ߣΪһмô
ǵģ߲޵һֱĳϵЦڨЦ
Ӧõģ£
ص˵ţֱڳϧɫ
ҲǸԼˣ
⵨̫ˣԼҲоϢοһŮأ
εᣬȻԤռĶҩ֮ǣԲȫңµģǻѰĶ
ǲΪͷ۵飬ͬͷҪԼȥѰˡ
ߣ
һתͷȥȴΪĨϧһһĨů⣬پϵصࡣ
һ˷ֵѹĸо˵á
һҹֻӵߣ˯üͷζ
ԺԼʹ뷳գ

ô֣˹עĻǼеʯеᡣ
ʯʯҵӵΪͨ˲ǿֶѣеᣬȴõ˳ڴ
꣬ƺûдʲôر챦߶
ϣŷãһϢǴ֮ڴ˳ʱаų֮˺Ȼ󲨣߽Ծ
ԭΪĸ֣ʥ
λƬҶ
һλֲͬļƷҩ֮Ϊ߽һһƬҶֲͬͨҩ֮Ϊ߽һ
ֹһϵеĶҩ֮ϡ䶾ҩơ


498 ȿʼ
λҶ
˵Ҳ裬ǣа˵ȴǵ˲֪˲ĵز
أ
˼壬Ľأ飬߱ɣʥˣҲ⣡
λҶĽصУЧ˴ѣʥ˶Ϊ֮Ķ
ԣϢʱŵˣǲԼĶ䣬ȫǳȥеſڣһŴֽţ׵֤ʵеɻ
²Ƕﴫʵģ

аų֮һƬֱÿһ䶼Ÿָ
ſڣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣ֮ǳΪȫΪֵĵطȫΧˣ˵Ҳ
ϢܿʹˣɽЩϹŶĶʱϹŶȫסˣһжŹ֮󣬸ǼĪ
УǾȻ֤ʵûпʵҲû˻ỳٶﴫ
һʱ䣬аڷƾϯһϹŶǶǿ۵ļλչֶҩ֮۸Ѱ˲ֹһ
ϹŶ˵ҪģֻҪʱ䣬ܳߵľ磬ԣһóȫҵƴˡ
Ϣа򣬸ƶһûгϹŶǷ׷˳ɣȫԱѰֶҩ֮
аʥЩϹŶҲ⣬Ƿųһ궾ҩ֮Ϊͽŵ
ǰʱ䣬аˣ˶ǶһЩɽ֮УӰֻܶǳһϵĶҩ֮УǶһѪȵһǺ۾
ϹŶҪ٣һҪһԵʥ˵Ķɧ
ҩ֮ѰҲȲֱӽذɣ
һ·

óλƬҶаҪһֶҩ֮
һʱ䣬ܱ߸Ǳŵˣûֵܱһʱ䣬Ƿ׷׶ǳͷϾܳĴչζҩ
һϢ˵ĿⶼǼаųǵУܱ߸з׷׽п࣬ӣͷȫȥаˣҵʲôǻ½һء
Ҳû취飬Ϊûʲô챦ܱΪҪģ
ȻǴﲻ͵ҪģȻҲֻȻ˸ֻΪһʥ
λԻǵһΣΪֶ˶õĵû˵õ˻ѡóģ
Σʵ̫ˣңѡٵʥȡҩ֮
ЩǶ˲ˣҲȥ룬ΪҪĻҪʥõ֣ǲ
ڴе⣬ȴûǸӣԸռҩ֮ЩĵʥĴϡ

ЩΧУʯĻʱڴȵĳϣ˵Ҳʮ֮ࡣ
֮ڣΪĸ飬죬أƣٵģȻ飬Ⱦ˶ѣң⻹Ǵļ¼Ľ
ųǶǴĲˣϵģҲֻǾλǲŲĿ񣬽˳羴Ŀ⣡
켶ʯʦĵλⲻûɣ켶ͷǶֵ侧ȵĽʩ֤ʵ㣡
ɼǵؼʯʦܹġ
ģ飬ȥǧˣҲٶѡ
Ҳ٣Ӧٺҡ
ϱӵнǧʯʦ֮ʢģ
쿴Ǿ٤ʥ
˻Ȼȴеĸᡣ
ǵȻδʮ
ţʮ켶ʯʦ
Ⱥ֮о𣬴Ŀⶼǿ鴦Ǿ֮УƿǸΪ٤ʥӣᣬʱʮѣվڼ׷ԲԵм䣬ԵЩ롣
̫ˣһ˵ӵ켶ͫ޵Ĵ֮ҲҪʮʱ䣬ȴֻ˶ʮ꣡
ȷʯĹ̥
ʱаʥص˱ˣǰģΪһλŮӣȫĿнصŮӣеˣ΢΢ͣͣǱͫУ⡣
ϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴á
һ޵İɫۣϸĸ߹ۣպǽŮߣù˳
µһѩ׻۵ĳȣõйɻȵĳ嶯ӯӯһյ֮һɫ´ǽϸ͹Ե쾡¡


499 аʥŮ
ŮòüF촽һɫΣͤͤվм䴦̨֮ϣŮ٣׿Խϴֻǳ֣ǽȫĿȫס
̧ͷ̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾɫձƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֡һ˿޵ɬҲһЩȻеǿȴ񿴱ѩڻһ˲㶯ǡ
аʥŮ
Ⱥ֮дľŮӵʵݡ
аʥصʥŮɡ
ɣȻɣ
˵ΪаһˣһȻˣ
һ׷Ҳĸˡ
꣡С㣬аʥص군ˣ
ΧȺ֮дһЩϸϸ˽һ˫˫֮ھǾп
ɫҲ
ҲһĨޣŻعһĨ͡
˹ɫŮӣȷǲɶã裬֬׶üǽ۵Ķ䣬һīɫζ׹׹ҡμ䣬΢ĶɽȪ뽸ʯö¡
̫ˣ֮ͬ񹤣һȱݣ̣̬ᣬü޳ĵѩƴź˪Ĩ΢ЦͬһĨļ䣬ˬ
аʥŮô
΢УƾȻ֣ŮΪҲܲ򵥣ȻһΣյĸо
Ȼ⿴ƻʮŮΪѾﵽһµľˣ
ڼ츳ǣаʥŮһȣ֪Լ츳ƽӹǰԼΨһ;
ż䣬ţ̥֮࣬治УԼǲ׺һڶѡ
ԭеһ˿Դ֮ģڼŮ֮󣬱ǳȥ
ӵ֮壬˻룬׹꣬ľǣĿǰ츳˵а򼸺ֵ׵Ĵڣ
ƣҲʵһ֣ӵƵķƣѾӵЩ̥һˡ
˵ʥŮȥѾˡ
˻ʥŮǲʮôʮˣ
ɲô˵Ψʥӵ츳һ¡
̫ˣ˵ʥŮõ켶ͫĴУѾһλؼ߽׵ʯʦˣ벻츳Ҳͬ˵Ŀ¡
ΧõķҲͬ޵ĸп
аʥŮɹȻ֮ӣţǺѡʥʥŮǶӵѷʥ츳ʥŮ츳͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ʮѾһһλؼ߽׵ʯʦ˴ʯаʥֻ֣ҪλʥŮˡ
ҪĳɳǱҪߵ·ûоˣ츳ٸߣҲ۷塣
λʯǰˡ
ͬɽȪ쵴˵ļ䣬˶Ǳͬˬ
ĳӦǵһվ⹫ڵ̨ϣǣϲӳԵ󷽣ǰһ˷׷ӦļаʥصϹŶҲǰԵͷ
Ȼı֣ϹŶǺ⡣
һ׻֮ʯȵĹء
һʮһ
ѡʮëϣֻһë̴侧ǹأѡ̭죬أƣѶȸһ
ڶɳ
ضĳ֮ڣƼһƷΪƷؼΪƷ켶ǼƷƷȻأûﵽƷױ̭
Ҳľ
뵽аʥصĶʯ֮ڣƼֵʮڵëڣֵĸߵͽֵڵëϣؼֵһǧڵëϣ켶ֵһڵëϡ
ϣаʥӵܰһڷÿһǰ棬ǰڷʮ鿴ȥΪͨëϣеӨ˸еİ޹⡣
ٺ٣
ǰʮëϣкЦ
Сڣһض˵ûʲôѹ
λǰʼɣ
Щӵȫȥɵٴδȫʱϱһ˫˫â˸˸ͫâԲ
ģʵȥϣӵлĹ֮ͫҲ˸ŸֻâܿһС
ûżȣһĨâǴͫͬһȼһ㣬ħ˫ġ
һɨۣʮëϵȻģ䣬Ʒڵë֮ϣŵɧõǵĻȸΪˡ
ʮëȻرѡģ̲صĻâ۵ĳ̶ȣûʲôһˣͨĵؼͫȷǺѷֱ棬ԷѾǵؼн׵֮еǾʹˡ


500 ɫ
ʯȣݱĽţÿһѡһë֮󣬱аʥصӵܽǰļߣʱ֮󣬳ϰڷëϵļӱȫˡ
λǰˣ
תɨһȫ̴΢筴ͬɽˮɿз
ৣ
ţϱһһëϣÿлСţڼ䣬âҫۣһ侧˳
ʱЩɨȫ
ৣ
һ죬һټ
ʲô
һЩĪӳϴ˳ţ˱Ǽһӱ˳ȥˤڳ֮⣬أԹһĨѪھǾţȺ֮ڡ
һ̭ٴβȣ
Ǹ֮ǰʧٴڸ̨ϣгһƣȫ
ȻеǿƾǸղǸˡ
Ÿ̨һ˫˫ͬӥһ۾һ٣޽ңһЩûп侧˶Ȼ볡Уеؼصˡ

һ죬һ龧Ө͸侧ǸڷƵϣ󣬷ƱǸоĿԼɨ
Ǻǣ
һȻվԭأǹһĨ޵Ц⣬ͬȻ֪һ
ûã볡ı㶼Ѿ볡ʣµģжһ侧һ֣̭Ȼǻƣصģֱ̭һؼҲ̭˲٣Ҳжʮˣ켶ģȻᱻסֻѡЩëϵ˿ܻǡ
رʯ̩ФаûܱȵĹ
ϲλɵĹ˵һأ
ЦЦӯӯĴ棬ڶڡ
Ļ£аʥصӵٴæˣһëϴǽָ˳ڷĸǰֳĸ飬ÿһ飬֮ࡣ
ʱϸɫâ˸ΧĿռҲȾɫԶһĪ̡
Ʒ
ųһ籡ŸɫâëϣЩġ
ѡƷûжʵսľ飬ȴзϴڵľؼн׵ԣлϵĵġ
ͬʱؼ˶üͷΪǷ֣Щë֮ڻֻƷײһѡ
ңֻδػһٶƷ
Ѱˡ
˵δȵһڶڣڿ˵ĻֻеڣǼ˶ʵ飬Ŀ飬ټһЩЩСС
ҪһƷƷë֮ѡһƷ˵ʮֵĿ̣ΪͬĻͫȥҲǺܴ
λɣ
䣬˱˰ڷëϵĳء
غܿվ˿ӵ˿Ҳ˹ȥ
һ˸źâëǰͣͫ˸˸ˣֱͨëϡ
ͫע£Ʊǿë֮ڣһűĺɫţͬһҽڷš
ȷǿƷײ͡
ֻһۣƱȷ֣óһ侧ٵţâͬɫȼһ㡣
ֻƷѣ
һƷеëϣͫɨһȦٴһëϣǿëϣͨף߽˾ëȻͬһӭϮһ㡣
ԣë֮ڿ϶нҪģǷֱƷס
ʱҲ˶ڸ߶ţâ˸˸һëַ£ַ£һʱȥǾλ켶ʯʦѾѡĿϻûһ˸ϡ
ף
վڸ̨ϵɨĸأģɨ֮ͣڣһͨӣ˫â˸˸Ϊɭͬħ˫ͫһ㣬ʮֺˡ
ôͫأ
Ĩɫһ٣΢΢Щ
ļأҲδŻ߿й֮ͫ˵ʱڵؼĳڣȴǳһ˫һɫͫõβеأ
ʱбһĨȤ
˫֮ͫڱǷֳһĨ棬ֱ˫ͫͫƺ뽫֮ơ
֮ͫڵһ޼ʵɫֻǿһۣǵ˼۵৵һ±ò԰ޱȡ
ţ
ƸеһĨϮԼ˫ͣţ̧ͷȥǿһŲ԰׵һ˫͸¶𺳵˫


501 

üͷһ壬Ȼ֪׷ʲô£ǣĿǰղͫϮӦаʥŮѲ˸ϵ
Ǻǡ
һЦװʲôҲ֪һ㣬ٴεͷȥͫ˸˸еëϣһеëϣٴһ顣

ôˣ
վԵϹŶȻڿŲ԰׵뷺Ѫ˿˫֮󣬼ϹŶԶһ㶣Щŵѯš
Ǽûз£ȻϮˣ
ţϹŶɵһĨأӱ˸˸ɨȫ
û¡
ҡҡͷǳһĨǿЦ⣬֮ȴǴ΢΢ĲԵôƽ
û£
ϹŶһ㶣Ը˵ҲûȥֻǣȴǸΪ

ĺһڷı˷Ѫ˿˫ȴͬһķš
ֻҪ֪˫ڲͬͫʲôһĵطѣǣͫ˹ȥʱһޱ޼ʵ溣󣬱ͬХһ㼤ӿ˹ֱ֮ͫϣõͫ鱬ѣӦʱȻ˫۾Իᱻϵ
ˣҲܴأڵĴʹõò
ôܻ
Լ֮ͫǿ켶н׵ĻĹͫ˼£ܳΪʯ̩ĴڣǴʱĨ֮󣬾Ȼû˿ĵֱӱҳޣõܴͫ
һ˵ֻи߽׵ĲŻֳѹԵԣӵͫŻҪȥһ̽ͫʵ˭֪ͫȻǳԽԼͫĴڣ
ѵȻ켶۷ͫ
ţ͵һɷѪ˿ĿֱǵݵӰھһƬ˼ɫ
òӣȻӵ켶۷ͫ
㣬һ߼˼֮ڴʱܹȷˣ
̫ϷˣֻǺ˫ͫѣ˭֪Ȼ̽һλӵ켶۷֮ͫ
켶۷尡̩֮ϵĴڣ
ԽţбԽǼҲ΢΢Ĳš
ԱߵļϹŶ΢΢һ֮˳Ŀ⣬ǿ˷ƵĴڡ
ͨΪڶ࣬˫˸˫¶ԵĺΪͨǷڴϣû˻ȥע⵽
ѵǡҲӵ켶ͫ
ϹŶн˼ҲΨһܹͣ͵ɵ쳣ˡ
ֻǣѰ켶ͫ˵ĳԾô
ţϹŶĿڷϱɨڿƺ뽫⿴ͨ͸һ㡣

ЩԼɨɨȥĿ⣬δţȫǼ֮ͫϡ
ƣͬĨɫȼһ㣬ȥﳾһбʡ
ţ
֮ͫڣһ嫺ڷţ˳ڶõķ紦󣬺Ҳһ˲Ϊ֮ͣ͡
ˣ
ϸĹ۲ãƱǶͫȥһСëϣ߳˷ëϵĳء
ʱаٷ֮ʮİգë֮ڣ϶һƷˮ
㣡
һ
ţ
ƲͷȥǼһˣǣҲɵһÿĻ
֮ˣٲȻǸʮ侧Ƶ캮
ԭүһһᣬôүҲμʯȵģ
Ц⣬˹֣ʵ
ߣ
캮һߣâɭɭʱɫͱжѿˡ
˷֮󣬵һͷԼˣ
һֻǶʯöĹݺȻʯȵؼ⻹˵ô
һؼͫʯʦ
ֻǣһɻǴڳ¶ʯڣװ׵ĿƲûʹֻͫõһë϶ѣܿ龧Ǿһ⡣

ߵһɻĻһ
ףϴξ
캮֮ھǲޣؽҧ޺޵ĵŷƣƺ뽫֮ж˿һ㡣
ʮ侧ô׵˳ȥôҲģ
ߵߣٲȻμ

ǼǴԹ޵Ļ΢΢һ㶣ܿ˹һ٣ͷơ
ɨһ֮ͬĵҲһĨɻ
ǰʵ̫ͨˣһӵʯ֮ͫˡ
Ҫ֪½ϣΪеһȺˣɾʯʦˣƳڵؼϣȴŴֲ£ԵЩ롣


502 ٶһ
ô
ǶǲƵĿ⣬ƹӣѵǴСģϵģ
˳֮ϣĻʱΧһЩĿ⣬ǶΪĿҸӡ
УʶӵģȻһòΪѣǶ¶ϷʵЦ⣬ȤĿ
ΧЩĿ⣬ҸǶһҵĳ鴤ر캮ŷƣһ˫۾Ҫ
Сϵģ˼ԼˣԼܣҪϵĳô
ļһ
ݶҧˣôһǲ˶֪Լô
ƺĻֱõץ
ûϵҲ£ϵҲһסʮ侧һô
ƾûѿɫһ㣬ҡͷԹԵ˵ţУٴηơ
Ѿ£ǾûҪˣֻи̵ĽѵˣǲŻη塣
⻰һڣԶһЩʮ侧˺ܿ뵽ǰ촫ǸϢ
һؼʯʦһݵöĹʯʮһ֣ǸöĹ󱬷ʯ֮ڿһ龧
ôƺǰ֮ˡ
ɨһȦܣǲźۼĳ˳飬ŷƣʵȻλʦģֻз㵽ˣ
ʱҲɲӦˣǾܾˣаų֮Ժ̧ͷˡ
ôģ
ٺ١
ƲĺЦһŵǾδȳɼߵΪޱһΣ
ԣ
΢΢˼һڴӦ
ֻڵؼǾʹ˵Ҳӵеؼ۷ͫѣԴˣӵһʤĵģΪȥȣǵؼǰ塣
ΨһǵǣĪ
ʯڿ龧ֱֱӴ˽ʯƷϵĳƺţȻȥһˣаų֮ڣʯĳȴǻûȫƽϢĶͽ˶ȫҡ
ǧĽʯˣǣ˵龧侧ҲûټʯɲƷ֮
ľ־ʹ˶£
ܿģĸص˶һëվ
λʯˣ
ٴοڣ飬ȴǴһЩƣ֮ڵһѪ˿Ҳûȫȴ
ৣ
£֮ϱ쳹һʯĴ죬ҳÿеë϶ۿɼٶСš
ʱһ˸ŸɫâǱ˳ÿǰɢӨ˸֮⣬ϸɫ硣Ҳһ羰

һ̾ϢУЩûгߵˣԾ뿪˳ء
û˾ԼӵĹǸ̨λϹŶ
ڶڲŹͱ̭Ĳˣ飬˴ʱʣ²ʮˣ飬ǧ˴ʱҲʮңǵ飬ٺˣʱȴʣʮˣ
飬Ͳ˵ˣ˽Թ
̭ʣõЩԹ߽겻ѣЩ߸ϵĵؼʯʦȻô򵥵ľͱ̭ˡ
̭ˣֻ˵һ㣬ʵʵ
ڼ䣬캮Ҳ̭ˣȻҲ˵ؼǾ绹Ǿ飬Ƕֻеȶѡ

ϲλأ
ɨһȫɵĿֻǵݵӰ΢̴ͣ΢ȫ
棬Ϊһˣλ
䣬żһ֣˱ƮȻͬŮ·һ㣬аʥصĶʯƮȥɫӰƻãõֱӿ㶵þòܻ
аʯſڣҲǺѹѹһƬΧ˿ɲȹ㳡ϵ٣ķ֮ڣ˹涨ʣΧҲǱġ
Ҳ˵ＷˣЩ˲Żȥ㳡Ϊ˭ֻ֪ΪʵĻڣÿһ꣬Ⱦ֮ʱǻᱬľϲĵ£
ЩߵһʯʦЩΧ۵˵Ϥġ
ϾȿÿһΡ
ǣȴǿһڶ˾ס
˭ѵģ
ǶǶŷָָģôһƽļһȻܽȾõǾúܲ˼顣
ףôе죿
˻ȻѵҲӵͫô
캮Ĳԩ
캮ʯˣǾ
䣬Ҳ֪ǲġ
˷ƵĿͷ׷׶ȤĿ䣬ǲǻΪȵĹھˣ
˻һƱܵصĹעЩ켶ʯʦҲͶԲĿ⡣
Ҳ߯˰ɣ


503 Ⱥ
䣿
治һĴ⻰Ϊʯ̩ФҲûҷų˴󻰣òҲǵؼʯӣȴǸ˵Լ䡣
ô
ֹЩؼʯʦǼ켶ʦҲͶԲĿ⣬ţ춼Ǳ˸۳
˼һֻۣ֪ӣȷӵ˵仰ʸ
ȻǰҪ֮ͫ
ǺǣλʦΪѩʱԭǣʯ䣬Ҳû䣡
۾ЦֺǺǵ˵š
ǣôĿ
һЩ֪νˣ
ѩңôû˵
һԴСӶѣ
һ˳ڶؼʯʦͬ飬һЩȳȷǴǿвϵĴЩ켶ʦҲɵٴɨ˷һۣжЦ֮ܶѣ
һڴȽĵؼʯʦһĻ˵ȷѾܶһʯˡ
ǣ˵ҲҪֵطģ
ٺ١
ΧЩǵĿ⣬ڨڨһЦʼ򣬺ε˵ҵȷ˵ǻǣҶʯȷûһΣѵҲô
㣡
˻ʱͬͱѣƼûʸ񳰷ǵؼģȴȫ޷޵ĵ
Ҳȷӵܽʵܵȷû˼ҪһΣȷûʲô
һʱ䣬ǾȻҲɡ
λѩʦԼˣԴɼעΪʮ侧
ٴ˵Ϊ˵ŭһư͡
㲻ôһ֣ҲԴȳɼΪ׼Ҳʮ侧һ֣ô
һŰ׻˳վڷǰƵ˵
Ƿʦ
վȺ֮˾ߵ֡
ʦѾΪؼˡ
˵ʦ֮ؼ֮Խ켶Ĵʦ
СӾǷʦĶ֣ʲô䣬ֱǸЦ
ҲС֪ʦ֮϶ҽܶԼ
ЩüͷҲǲźۼ塣
ʵģͫѾǵؼ۷ˣټʯľ飬֮Ϊ켶ʦһջ
֮ˣȷûоԵģﵽؼ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ʯû⣡
ƿȴˬֱӴӦ۾Цƺһεģ
Ҳһ֣ҽô
һվ˳˻֪Ϊϴδǰ
Ҳһ֡
һʱ䣬վĵؼʦȻ֮࣬Ҷǰʯ֮ǰʮĵ켶ʦȻ룬ΪǿؼĵĻʧݵġ

ǰˣƺԵЩԥˣ˸ƺһ㡣
ôˣ
һؼʦƣ˵
ǲҡֻǡ
¶̬ƺʲô˵Ŀһ㡣
Ҿǲңˣ
ǣҾ˵СӲҡ
һûмȴӵеؼͫСӰˣ
˷׷׳ĿⶼǺڸǵ¶ġ
ǿƴʱҪӻ
ֻʲô㵹˵
ֻǣֻ˶ʮ侧ѣԡ
ǵı£ڨڨ˵ɫΡ
㲻ܶԼԭô
Ǹ¶ĿƲƲ죬Ȼĵ侧£ҲֻҪʮ֮ڻˡ
һܽȾĵؼʦ׬ȡʮ侧Ⲣһ£ˣԲܣʯˣǶǽͷڵһλΪʮ侧ͷ
Ҳͬ
ǵʮ껹塭
⼸˽ô˵ţǿƺѾӮһ㣬ȡ侧ˣǸҪô˵ȥˡ
ʯʦ׷ױ̬ʱ˶̵ĿŷƣȴĻش
ٺ٣
쳯һЦȻҾȫˣ
˸ɾĻشõһ㶡
ѵΪ侧ԥģ
ģ
ѩʦٴӽʯ֮ڿһ龧ǰӦûˡ
Ⱥ֮һ˳ʱõʯʦһ飬ɫѿ
ܿһ龧ĻǶǶпܡ
ӽʯڿ龧
õļλ켶ʦϵĳҲһЩ
ʯȻǷϣȴΪ⣬Һԣ侧龧켶ͫҲܶ


504 Ķע
ηһԱǽʮ侧ĶԼ˺ֶΣҲõľرǾӽʯڿ龧õĳϵĳ֮ȥ
һֱעŷƵĶ̬ܹڷƵͫһĨϷʵЦ⡣
ȷԼ֪켶۷ͫҲΪԴ󣬵ǴʱףΪѩӣˣЩˣ
һӵ켶۷ͫˣЩؼʦܹģ
ûдɣɻΪԡ
Դˣûƣôһ켶۷ʯʦǷǳǵģ
˵ҲĵͷΣȻ̫ˣ
һһ˫۵켶ʯʦֺǺǵĿˡ
Ǻǣӵͷ
һ켶ʦţĿⶼǿ٤ʥ
Եģ˵켶ʦΪʱϵĿⶼǼ٤ʥϡ
ֻ֮һ˲аģˣԸΪ٤ʥĴڣεĴѾǰļˡ
ѾΪʥʯһαƴ
ʦΰ
ǰǸ켶ʦֱӳ٤ʥʵ
Ǻǡ
٤ʥһݣЦһΪһɴݣȻλʦĳĳǲܣЩʶô֮ӣҽˣ
ȻԼʵЩѾõ켶ʦ
ãǣ
Фһ˵ˣҲ룬˵ФԴСֻҪ٤ʥܹļֵܱ߳ɣǾˣ
ĻõƵƵͷ
ФѾͫѾ켶нף֮켶׵λ켶ʦߵĿɲֻһǰ㣬߳ɵĻȷû׬ıˡ
ȻФʦĳв֮񣿡
٤ʥҲǺٷֱӱӦȺ֮ڶʱһƬͬλϹŶҲ׷׵ͷ¶ɫ
ʱ٤ʥɾǴаʯ磬ǿƣʹаǿƣӮˣаʯޣˣǸаʯѩϼ˪
Ͼû̩аʯ磬ԭǵ׵֡
ǾδȵĽټӸ˿챦ΪעΣ
һ켶ʦվ˳
ֱ٤ʥаʥˣˣ߰侧ӽ쾧뿪챦ܶעֻҪ϶ǧ侧ң
˻
˺ģֱõĳ˶ǵһ
ĺģ
Ȼⲻ˵ȫҪ٤ʥʵֻҪڴ֮ȡǰĻǰĳɼ䲻˶١
İ
ư֮ͣһĨ֮ɫ
ڵؼ˵ʮ侧ѾǺ˲ˣǣ˼켶ʦֻһͷֵܼ侧
еĲͬԨ
ԣȻѣȴΪԼĿǰʵܱȵЩʯĴС
ãôˣ
٤ʥüͷûһ£ֱһǴӦһʱ䣬ڴȡʤФĻضʯ磡
츳ٸߣҲǺţȡʤЩϹŶĻʵʵ

֮ϣһ֮
ԭÿʯȵ˾ʱЩʯʦǶǻԼģȴĳһ˵ġ
Σ٤ʥǳΪȫܹעˡ

λʦ
Ц̴۴΢¶ͬˮ˲ʱõĳ˸Ȼ
ʦǿԽķѡʯˣƼʮΪޣΪޣؼһǧΪޣ켶һڽΪޡ
˵䣬аʯ߳һŮվÿһߣ߽˶ʯ֮ڡ
ʼˣ˲ҲֻʣһЩŲ߶
ʦ룡
ߵһһž¹ŮӣһɫĽۣһлȵĹ˳
Ǻǣš
Цһȥֱֱ߽˶ʯڡ
ԸȥͣΪ֣һĿԶԼ

Զ߱СվȺ֮ԶԶſڴվŮĿǱ˺ݺݵɨ˻ȥ
ߣ
ĵԵʮֵı䣬зĺ
Ϊ֣аʥŮɵĿǻķڷϣ㣬ͲˣΪɵɻݵĺأǵ׿ĵã


505 ʯ
ôţ֪ΪΣзһĨĸоݽҧ޺޵ĵ߽ʯǵӰ
ûλ߸ϵʥŮԴˣ
ף᲻Ӯأ
ķ߽˶ʯڣСβͷʵ
϶䣡
Ҳû룬ֱЩҧĺ˵š
˴ԹĻֱõŮΪ֮һ㶡
ԼǸ˪ʥŮôôЩԹһأ
п϶йŹ֣
ŮûȥȴЩȻ
ΪʥŮῴǸݺأ
һҲ벻ͨ
ףΪʲôأζû
Сκ۾Щɻʵ
ߣ䣬һĺܲң
һƺѾ˷Ƿծʮ侧ĳ棬ǹֳһĨĻȡ
Ŷ
С΢΢Ӧһ֮ȴЩɻ۽ߣӣףΪʲôŵ׵ζأ

СŮôһʣ׼ֱȻһĵ֮ӿֳĨ糺죬һʱ䣬ޱߣɬˣõΧһֱ͵˿ɵۣز
˵ķӦõŮһ
İɣ
Ϲ˵
Ӧ֮ûĵһСΣǵ
ûϹ˵׵ζζŴģ
Сμˣ
ףΪʲô嶼ϳأζζҪζĵءζҪ壬ζҪ
żţСαǿͬߵӲϵĵ䣬ݣصǴķϣʱһᡣ
ζˣòã
߼æҵģζȴû޵ĸӵˣ֮£ֻŵ˺ˣˣ״Ӧ㣬ʱζ˰ɣ
ҲҪҪ壡
СοŽ
ƸѪĸоõֱӾǸδ֪ĵ

ɫһǳ˳飬СαǳԶȥŮ㶣Ҳǿ첽ȥ
дްǼʱѣҲ֪ǼһСιʲôԻȻ˵ˡ
ŵıζ
ߣҲô׵ľóѵģ
¶ģһǸһıóѣ

ʯ֮ڣµͨܶվˣѹѹһƬڼļλ켶ʦ˽ж¶һĨȡ
ĪֻĴڣ
һͷֵ侧ܹģ
ЩʦǶһȻȻΧȺݵĿ⣬ֱ߼ëȥ
Դˣû˾ʲôס
ɨһͨʯ򣬷Ʊֱ˹ȥһֲֻϵÿһëɨɨȥ
ѩʦѵǻӽʯ֮ڿ龧
һΪ̶𣬲ǿһЦ˹
ҵҲ밡ֻǣûǸˡ
ƵȻԶԣʼ磬һ·żϵëϣŸ߼ȥ
ͨëϣǾͨëϣܿĲ侧ңܴڸƷЩٶ࣬ҲԱȲһ鼫Ʒ
ԣҲֻѡȥеȵëëϣпܿϵȵϡе챦
һǧңʵֻ࣬Ƕʮ侧ļֵѣеëÿһëϣǶ൱ľ޴СģҲô󣬶ңֵǳ˰ң߰˰ңǧֵëϣҲ洦ɼҲ˵һǧҵĽޣֻѡë϶ѣҪѡֳɫõģǾֻһˡ
һ·˵Ҳǧëϣȴֻһ侧ѣƵ龧ΣҲֻˡ
ǴΣǹʺ˽ˣ
֮ͫڣȼŨŨ棬ͬĨ𣬷һУ΢΢Զ䣬õľֱӡ
֮ͫڣɨܣʼΧëǷһЩڲͬëϴڡ
һΪʮҵëϣʮ־޴󣬶ռһǣΧëһȣһˡ
֮֮ߣԭִСëϣӦҪһǧңڣȴֻʮҶѣԭΪ֮ϴ󲿷沼һСһ׶ֱӴ͸Ǳʲô̴һ㣬ëϵһɸһ㡣
ƣɫŨһͽҲܲ²͵ë֮ڣ϶侧
߹֮ͣëһ֮ϡ
ǴаƴСΧһȦǲϸСĿ׶졣


506 ʯ
аʯ֮ڣʮɫ⻪Զ̣ͬŨĻһƻá
ͫɨ£ëڲǳڷǰ
м䣬⣬ΪҲâֻǣȴֻһűȽŨ
ֻ侧ô
΢УɨëǾŻâ۵ĳ̶ȣȷӦֻΪʵҲ˵ëֻ֮侧ѣıȣʵԶ
侧һʮҶѣëϱıȴѾǸߴʮ֮֮࣬£Զ׼
ֻǣƵĿȴǷǾŹ֮ϣһֱұСǡ
ΧǲϸСͬɳһСף͸©ǣЩɳмȴǽһ鰲֮أͫע£ƿһĨĹڼٵ

۾ҲĨĹ⣬Ž˹ʱ޷ֱ浽ʲô
ĨĹ֮УȴǸܵһĨĲ̣ޱȵɭɱ˵ͬоһ㡣
ʲô
ɻˡ
ַǴطĥʱ򣬻еСûиʾȻŵĶ侧Ҳ龧
ǣȴǾãŲƽֻǣҲ޷ȷеж϶ѡ
ΪĨâʱʱޣҿ磬ͫѰֻͫ¸׽Ĵڡ
һʱ䣬Ҳ޷Ϊѡϣֻʣİʮҿˡ
ʦһʯ
ڷǸ欵Ůӣվھʯǰԥĵĳģġ
ʯ
΢΢һ㶣⣬ֻ֣ӦòǿϣңıҲ֤ʵһ㡣
ٴοһĹ⣬һҧǸ欵Ů˵Ҿѡˣ鷳æ¼
⡭
ŮûϵԼѣƻҪִѡѾڶʯڰڷ˼û˶ķʯȻõķ̬ܿ㷴Ӧ˹ӯӯһЦ³õģ
¼֮ǽëװ˽ָ֮ڡ
ߵľٶҲע⵽ˣ˽ͶȻĿ⡣
ʯ˼壬ͬӼǧٿףС͵ķʯֱ뽹ʯķϣ־͵ķʯ浹̴漸侧
Ȼѡһʯ
һ̲סСľΧһЩ˱ǼǸŮӽǿڷ˼ľͷʯָС
ɣַҲѡҼǵõλ켶ʦһۣȻҡͷȥˣ켶ʦǷϣȻҲѡ
䶨ˣʮ侧Ҫ
Цѵڷʯ뿪һ龧ɣ
СЩؼʦע⣬Ƿ׷׳ͶԳĿ⡣
̫ˣǿʯ켶ʦķϣȻҲǰڷżҲû˶ˡ
һֱעŷƵɼĻ޳ϸüҲһ
ȻҲ׷Ϊô
ѵǹѡô
ɷƵʵܴ֪֮ͫòӣպվʯ۷λã
İʮҡ
ΧĻƲᣬ˳ͫٴǿʼѰ
ڶģĨâҪôǿգҪô϶ǲ
ʯһô
˵аʯ֮ڣСëϣǾʯʦɸѡģܱȷģҪôаʥֱӾͿˣҪôʯڣȲߵļ۸񣬹ЩͽǶĲ
ȻҲ©۵ģϾ켶ʯʦҲܹٷ֮ٵȷë֮ڵʵ
еë򣬷СȦӣȴûٷʲôͬѰëϣһ·ɨСҲû龧Ĵڡ
Ҫܹѡһ鼫ƷĻҲܴǰ壡
ţƱעЩʵëһɨ˹ȥҪôǼ۸̫ߣҪô治ǿͨѣ⵹õЩй
һǧ֮ڣҪһ̲ؼƷëϣ⼸ڵ죬ǣֻܽҪһٽ
ף
һԲͬĥʯëԣͣ˽Ų
ëϣֻٰʮ򣬲һҴСԶһɫ
ͫ˸˸һС
Ʒľ
һϸĹ۲죬ë̲صĶ߳ҵİա
涨һľԵȻͷСƷȴǺܸߣƷĻֵضֵһǧҡ


507 
ѡʯһֱڽţÿһ˶ѡĺѡÿһëϣǾòѡ
˵ʵڵģһǧҵëϣֻеƷ׳̶ȵë϶ѣʲôõܿһ鼫ƷֱܶڣؼǰʮҲûж⡣
ֻǣЩصô÷ֱģһЩϸС覲ǻһƷף

ѡǿٰʮҵë֮󣬷ٴѡһΪƷֵһʮëϱǴչһǧҵֵ
ԸҪʧ
ֻĬĬˡ
һʯȥʮңõʧȥȥѡЩ⣬ֵڰ˾ŰҵϺëϵʸ
񣬷Ҳֻڴǿʯ漣ˣȻƾ侧һƷƷĻֻǰʮʸҲûС
ʦëϵļ۸ֻʣ¶ʮҿˡ
վԵǸŮʴʦҪѡʯô
ֱڣǷǳƵʱѡ
Ȼϣǿʯϣ
ңһ鱻켶ʦϹʯϣ
ѲɣΪԼܱͫ켶ô
Ǻǣˣͷ
ƺһЦĺ⡣
ʮңֻѡһͨë϶ѣҲֻܿһƷı䲻ʱֿ
Ȼˣʦ
Ůӿĵ˵ţתȥҡҷͬˮһŶʯſȥ
ſڴһ̨λаʥصϹŶѾվǰˣҲѾվĸʯʦԣǰڷǸѡëϣӨӨ˸˸â籡Բ
ȻߵڵؼķΧҲѾվʮˣķƹǽ¶ЦЦɫ
ǿŵλƾӽʯп龧ļһѡһֵҵķʯ
ৣৣৣ
죬欵ŮӽѡëϷԣ˸򸣣ҡҷɣ㱨һ֮󣬱վڼϹŶ
ǣǷʯ
ŷ԰ڷŵľʯһؼʦЦ֮¶ľϷ֮ɫ
Լ֮еһˡ
ٺ٣ѵΪƾӽʯп龧ôѵӷʯҲ龧ɣ
һؼʦҲǳȻʱûвμӶԼȴǺˡ
ڷŵëϣĶֵԲᳬһǧ
ˣԼǰװ׵ʧȥ׬ȡʮ侧Ļ᣿
ʱֻ̾ԼʱסõĻᡣ
Ǻǣҵһֱܲġ
ЩƵĻƲȻһЦֺǺǵĻӦš
ǣ
ʱΧؼʦǷһЩЦ
ȻʯҪǣҲһٶɣ
һ쿪
ǻƼԶЩֵˣǳͶԲɻĿ⣬ոԶҲͬüͷ
ϣһʯ棬飬Ҳֻĳɣ
֣
ͫϸɨëϣò֮ͫڣһƬɻ֮ɫ
ͫɨ£ëϣҲܿƣӦþһƷһƷֵӦһǧİҡ
ǿ͵ķʯƾɨӶΣҲǾò̲侧ѣ㣬Ͳˡ
ѵʯʲô֮ͬ
ǲ֪ӵе켶۷ͫҲһڣȴǻʯп϶ʲôԼԣ߿Ʋ˵Ĵڡ
ŷǵȻɫĬˣ䣬оȻһĨڴ뿴ʯʲôͬĵط
ߣ
Զ߼ɵĿһֱڷϣɫзһĨŨŨĵһ䣬ܶġ
Ļһմǲݣ
޺޵ţкâ˸
ǼһѾԤ˵ģڣаʥŮŪĲ岻׵ģõΪŭԣоһ⻨ĵļһùġ
ţ
ԭվڱĿķƺģһһɺĵתȥǼԶ˫ӣǳǵıõһôˣ
һ󲻺õԤУعͷǼĨڴ֮а
¿ˣ
ǣԭѩʦѾ˰
ʱһ̶ٴδȥǼһŮӵĴ£˳


508 Ҿ֪Ĳ
ߣ
Ǻڸǵĳ֮ɫһɫ
ᣬȴ޷ڹȥͣһǻŭأһײͲô
ôʦʲôزɣ
ǴһĨЦʵ
ѩʦǰĸʲôŶ
˷һԣͣ˵š
Ǿˣ
Ʋ䲻ȵĻһ䣬ʱõһɫͨ죬ŭ
һﻹűˣ
ŭڣâ˸ɨһ۷Ƹǰë֮ǹֳһĨЦĳѩʦѡʯΪƵĳ̾簡
Ӯ㣬һʯԣ
Ʋһۣһƣķһ䣬һѪ˳һɫ࣬ϣ仯
һʯԣ
ǳӣ
ô
һĨɫ֮ڸϸڷƵëɨãǵЦŨˣĵĵ侧һ鲻һƷһƷѩʦô
ôһ˵˫â˸˸Ŀëɨ֮󣬶΢ĵͷ
ȻǶͬ˵
ĳȻţǣεĶԼɾҪʤһˡ
˵ţŮóë
һ飬â޹⣬żȻ䣬ȴһ֮һ飬ڱۿɼĺɫëϣΪرǿâģģȥƺҪȹǿŵëϡ
ѩʦë㹻ô
ǿźɫëϣԵĶԷʵ
ʱһ˫˫â˸˸̽
ӦǿƷĻӦòСֻһ࡭
ƷһȷѹǼһֵܼˡ
ǣһﶪ˰ɣ
֮ϣʱһֻĳ֮
ѵ㻹ٶһ֣
üͷһƲһۣƵʵ
㣡
۾Բɣŭֻ㵽ʱû侧
Ͳˣ
˵ţתɣЩϷʵʵʥŮˣʱ輸ʮ侧ɺã
ȫһƬž
ⲻ֪ߵغСӾȻȥʥŮ
ЩаʥصϹŶǳȥɫжһĨֻɫ
һҪùˣ
ʥŮ࣬ðģֻµʱаʥӵ֪һᱻ׷ɱ
Ǻǡ
΢΢˫Цһʱͬѩţģֻǿһۣͻ̲ס֮һЦЦݣô˲ԸΪ֮١
ѩʦȻڣȻܾǧ侧֮ڣɽԿʦ
ִżֿĻֱõȫŴǣһ°ֱΪ֮Ѿʣȫǵ۾㵵ĿˣԵϹŶҲףⶮ´ʥŮΪλḡӦأ
ǧ侧֮ڰ
ǺӴһ֣
аʥصĵ̣ҲҪʹܳһʱˡ
ʱȴֱĿ֮ŵ˳ⲻʹΪѩˣʱȥаʥȡǧ侧ô
˹˱˼ԭ
ʲôõаʥصʥŮҪ˵ĽֺõĶԴƼΪͨأ
аʥǼϹŶɫҲâ˸˸ɨŷƣȴûзʲôͬѰ֮ʱڶһĨɻ󣬱㶼ЩɵĿɡ
ѵǾʶ
ǼλϹŶȫ˶ôš
ߣ
ǶüȥŮݶҧˣܹɱ˵ĻƾѾ˲°ٴˡ
ļһһÿģ
ĺ˼ѹֱӳȥһĳ˵ĳ嶯
ºͺ˵ˡ

˾ͶлʥŮˣ
ֻĳɹֵлתһɫ˸һǣƵĵһǧ侧һ֣ĵô
⻰һ𣬴㵵ĿţӦ֮һɫֱǳɫбȴҲĻ
ȻаųѾãǣȴòǧ侧ҹȫҵпܴɡ
Ҿ֪Ĳ𣡡
һƣ¶һĨаȵЦ⣬о֮⣬һɫֺ죬ְףֱһĨѪ
Ǳİ
Ļ˽һЩĿ
һǸˣǰ


509 ĵô
һǧ侧̫Ӵˣ켶ʯʦؼĴ壬Ҳܴյ֡
һòͨݺڴ֮ͥ£˳ӣȴ޷еı֪
˭ĵģ
ʱͬƵСˣҫõһؼʦǱɫ
һ۸Լòһǧ侧
ģһעò
ưͣ˵õһӳ鴤ţģֱӶѪ
һﻹ˼˵Ҳ֪˭òעʥŮŵСӾԻǵؼʦ֮һ
˼ǣʥŮΪλһֺõŵأǼϹŶɫƺҲ벻ס
òûУʵ£ͫһ㣬ôһڵˣƾʲô
ߣʲôأʱʥ֪Բ˶ߣ
ٺ٣ʥӵƢ⻹˵ء
СӣעҪù
뵽аʥӵƢЦ׷׶¶ɫ
ûǮǻʮ侧һְɣûв밡
һ˵ƹ̾ϢõЩؼʦŭգǺ޲û
Ҷģ
Ҳģ
ˣʯҿô
ʱڳİؼʦǽ
ǾͲˣһƷʯܿʲô
һһʮ侧Ķעˣ
ʦ㻹Ҷô
Ȼ֮󣬷һĨ޵Ц⣬תһЦʵ
кβң
ŭ
ԣСӣ
аųǵҲ쵱ǣĳϣȻһС˵Ϸˣβŭ
Ҿͺãٺ٣
أԹһĨĻȣôһǰ侧ˣɾͲ쾧ˣƷ쾧ʮöûˡ
ȻһҪʯܿ챦ǰ֮£ȻȴƵĽ֮侧Ƿծ
һһ
һֱŷƵľٶȻ۶˵ǹһƵЦ⣬ǣͫȴһĨɻӿ
ӵ켶۷ͫˣףΪأ
ǧ侧켶ʦ˵ʲô£¶ݣһʥأǶֱӹôΪʮ侧أ
ϲЦտķƣʾܲ⣬֪Ϊλʧݵ¡
ʦˡ
Ⱥ֮һ˵ע⣬ǼŰ׻ķӶʯ˳һɫֻ¶ѡëʮ⡣
ףʯ
Եʱͣ˽ŲǿͷʯȻ
ٺ٣ʦѩʦ˵Ӯҵȣһʯˡ
״ǰϸĽ˵š
ôĿ
⻰ɫһ䣬ȳŷھǲơ
һʯӮⲻԼô
ΪѾϣܽ켶˵һ裡
ʼ磬ûнʲôʱҲҪˡ
ʯʦһ˳ǿʯ²һڷƵԴǽǱʾŭ׷׽Ҫ÷ƺÿؼʦζĽĶעֱһپʮ侧֮ޡ
һΣпͷˣȺ֮У˶˷ܡ
ʵģĿǰԼǶΪĴģδȽεĴᴫʯ磬ĬĬΪѩˣʢӮ
ˣЦ󷽣ӮˣûӮĿܣ
֮ϣһʮɫëϰڷ⻪ڳ壬ԲÿһʦǶԼѡëʮֵ⣬ϽǹԵá
ȻôǣǵʵѡɫëϣѾǳˡ
ʱţ켶ʦҲ߳˶ʯÿһ˶ѡһëϣ۸߰ǧҡ
Ȼľ磬һ㶼ѡһ鶨Ӯѡ飬ӮˣҲ˳Ц
ףʯ
һ߳켶ʦھǰʱ򣬽Ų΢΢ͣЩĿŷơ
ɼǵãԼʯϹģڷ˼꣬ô˻ȥѡأңǰƺ˻ǽԼϹëΪڶġ
ڷԼʵô
ţϱЩá
ɻǵãһŻ˵ԼδȵȿԣԴ˼㡣


510 ͷϷ
Ӵʦ
λ켶ʦϵĲãЦӭĵΪţλѩʦΪʯ̲챦Żټʮ侧עء
ô
Ӵʦһۣ֮һĨ죬ɨһǿ޴ķʯһߣһʯѣ
˵գȥ
ٺ٣ҼǵõӴʦʯ˵һϲȥڱΪƣӴʦȻá
һȻɸ켶ʦʵպͷˡ
֪ηοͱٺ٣侧ʥŮҪӲܻ尡
һļһѡ
˷׷ֻŷƵĿ˱볰
켶ͫؼͫǾ֮
ٺ٣ʯô
ΧĻһ˫˫ɫĿ⣬ƺһȻվ֮âЦ
ǲǷʯǻҪ֪֮Լῴ۵ģĨâʲôڡ
һʲô
Զüͷ΢΢
Ѿһپʮ侧ˣɲСĿ
ףΪηƻȥѡһ켶ʦϹķʯΪơ
ѵϰҲ켶ͫ
뵽˫ͫһ
ɫͫǶڴӻĹʱתģԣ֮ΪĹͫһ˵ͫͬ׶ȣҲҪʤеͫ֡
Խ룬Խ֡
һСһǼ߳꣬ôЩļģ
켶ҩ䣬ںϸԵֱۣǿķ𺳵̤飬ڣּΪ켶ĻĹͫ
һһϮõЩز
ģ˵켶ҩ켶ĹͫÿһʵҪǶǽ̣ǧҲδһܹϡ
ǧ֮һļʣôǡͷϣ
ƹ죡ô룬ôķΧ
Ǽһѵݣ
вˡ
ԷĿǰһУľֳҾӵܡ


ֹŹֵ£һʯʦǴӶʯ˳ʱҲѾӽˡ
ҫ۵Ļâк£õĳһëֵĸΪö⻪죬ʮɫǺÿ
λʦˡ
Цӯӯվ˳ˮͬȪһ㽽֮ϣ˵Ҳɵƽࡣ
չӻ鿪ʼʯ
Ļ䣬Ǽʮ˱ǿʼʯʱϵĿⶼǼÿһǻᾪһЩ֮һһƷһ侧ȡ˻Ĺھ
СǻƼͫʮҵë֮ڣ˼ֵİٶҵƷѾǲཫֵʮˡ
ţ顣
ھһӵеؼͫȴ۷ȡá
ҵëڣƷֵǧң
˳ɼѾȵؼʦˣ
һݱϾϣڣӭͷϷ飡
켶ôĿɼһͷֵ侧ѾһĴڡ
ǣǵؼʦǶֱĴڡ
ԣͷϷȴǵؼ
λʦ˭أ
ɴ˵Цݣͬ

ƺѾȲһ㣬һ
Ҳǹǿȷԡ
ֻѡһëϣűۣ߰ʮҡ
ë״ͬһСɽСԼһҸ߶ȣŵһỊ̄ȥʮֵĲƽ
һ˫˫˸Ÿɫâ۾ë֮ɨɨȥƺҪ֮
͸ƺһ
һؼʦڵâȴЩɥ˵ţţһҡͷ̾
ǿСɽëϣǾһϣϣȴصѡֻ˵Լͫңܶе¡
ʱ켶ʦ֮Ҳ˸˸âͬһһ㣬ҫֱӣޱߡ
ףĿǵǻ
һ켶ʦƺú⡣
ȷҲֵʮ侧
ʮҿֹĲϼΪϴпǿ˰ʮ侧
ͫȷ׽̣ٹ꣬ܽ켶
λ켶ʦ׷ױ̬
ΪǵĻȺ֮һһ֮
ʮ侧
Ǽֵʮ侧Ļ̲صĶܼô


511 ֵһ侧
ͫ𣬷һУֱǿͬɽëϣʱһĨ޵̱ǳ֮ͫڡ
Ƕֵʮ侧
üͷһ
ʮ侧ɲСĿҪ֪ϴǿ齹ʯ龧Ҳʮ
ǿͨ鱦Ĳϰ
˵ѡë̲ص챦ĳ̶ȳ龧
ţƵɫϾ֣óһ侧֮ͫʢҪһޡ
Ǿʲô
֮ͫڣĨâƺ˹һ㣬ǳľֲƣ֮һ鶯̣ء
ǾãĨ鶯ޣƺ̫ʵЩ̫ˡ
һУЩСɽ˫һ죬Ϸֳ׵ԪȷĿƣһԪͬһ㣬ëϵʯ㡣
ৣ
ĳϣΪĶƽʮ˵ĳ棬ûзʲô΢쳹ȫ
һ˫˫۾ޱڴĿǿëϣ˶Ҫʶʶֵʮ侧챦Ǻ
ৣ
Ķϴڴŵɫ
Ҳֻ׽ʯ֮ڵĨͬѰ̣ȷǲǾ̲챦
ڶģ
۽ҪٴηϼûҲҪ켶Ԥף
Ϊ׽˵ؼͫ޷׽̣
ף԰ƺЩʲô
ȻëϵĻСһλ켶ʦɻ˫Իâ˫ƺ˳˿Ķ
̡ƺûʵ
̫ƮˣΣӡ
ʦ׷ҡͷ
ৣ
˫Щͷģð˺ˮϵΪˮҲϣ¶һƬˮӡ
۾Ķëϵĳһҧӿʯٶȡ
䣬һĪ̱ë֮˳ջâҫ£ĺɫâ
챦
Ⱥ֮˾
ƷҲôŨҵ󣡶ǳƷ챦
ηʦҪˣ
ʲôû켶ʦ˵ôʦٹܽ켶Ϊ켶ʦ
ôһаֶһλ켶ʦˣ
֮Ĵ𣬲ΪëϵСЩܿȥһ˫˫ڴŻȣȫעǿѾֻСëϡ

һ죬һâ籡˲ʱõɫҲࡣ
ֻǣǽŵɫȴһˮԵЩ԰ףЩõԭҪ˲Ȼ
Ȼֻǿ鼫Ʒѣ
һλ켶ʦΪ˽
Ʒ
˽һ㶣ֳô󶯾Ȼֻһ鼫Ʒô
ȻֻǼƷ
âһ૳֮һĨɻ
֮ǰҲͬΪԻһ鲻˵챦ֻǲ֪ΪΣȻֱɼƷˣ
ˮԵļƷӦڵ°򣬵ð֮ϧڵ̲꣬ͻΪʯˡ
û˰ȴǰھǰҲ컯ʹȻ
켶ʦһõеԵɡ
ʯͨ鱦Ĳ֮һΪѵãĳ̶ȱȹ龧
ԭ
еЦ
Ȼ׽ڵĨϣȴǲȫ͸
˾٣֤ʵܳΪ켶ʦǣȴȹھʧ֮ˡ
ûкԼ
֤㣬˵ҲѾ㹻ˣ
ʦˮԼƷ
ͬһ㴫ȫԵļλϹŶʵλϣΪļλΣ
Ȼֻǿ鼫Ʒȴһ֮龧Ļһ׼ԣֵȻҪ߹ͨļƷ࣬Ҿã鼫Ʒֵһ侧
ߵλϹŶ˸°ϳĺ룬ϸĽ˵š
һ侧
û˾̫üλӦûߣΪܾ׼ĲϣֻҪһ鼸ʮ侧龧ǿɾһ׼
ҳһǰ侧ʦҰɣ
Ⱥ֮һŻ˳һ˫۾ȵĿŷеڱֱӱǼǧ侧
ˣ
΢΢һЦĺ⣬͵Ҵղأ
ôһļƷ˵ȷǷǳղؼֵģΪ֤ʵܹΪ켶ʦ
ҲûǿЦЦûʲôá


512 
ӼֵżҵëڣֵһĹףҲһؼʦܹġ
ȻھԵˣǣǰʮǰǶпܵģ
ʯһ;ϲ⣬ûܹȷʵȷֻ˵ʴСѡ
ڵķᣬĿʯĳɼֱ켶ʦᲢˡ
ǣȴʧˣ
ôѵ㻹Ϊѡãʦȣ
ǹŵĨЦ⣬вˬĳš
侧ֵǧңҲʮ侧ѣֵһһȣԶ
ǣ
ǣһۣȻ˵ðҾ볢Գĸо
֪ν
嵭Ļʱõŭգԣһڶļһ
ʵ̫ˣ
ţһλ߿ʯ
ΪϴδǰΣѡëϡ
ƺҲĲŶѡһ顣
ৣ
ǿΪһʮҵëϿģһƷĽԼңֵӽһǧҡ

˿ǿʼǿΪ߰ʮҵëϡ
⣬Ӧп龧ֻǣͷеС
һ켶ʦ˵
ѡɫë˵ͫǳĲˡ
벻аҲмˡ
ǽԸ̬˵ͬһ㣬ǣȫȴû˾ʲôס
Ϊǵȷ߱Ǹʸ
龧ô
ͫɨǿëϣǷ֣ǿë֮ڣȷһĨϴο龧ʱЩƵ̡
龧۸ʵǷǳģǣΪ̲ϡ٣ǳҲһѡ
ϴηƿǿ龧ָ״Сǣ۸ȴָۣ״Сѣֵʮ侧
켶ʦǵĻϵ˶ǴڴĿ⣬ֱǸлСëϡ
龧ǾԵϡ䣬ϴηƿһ飬ǿǼȫǽԶ
ৣ
һ죬ͬѩһƮµأëҲСţ䣬һĨɭ̱Ǵǿë˳䣬õëȻ
Ȼ龧
һ
߾ȻĶˣ
Ȼ

ߵϣͻأıһޱߵĳ׹âͬһһ㣬İаųǶڣɭɭһƬõ۾ֱӣ
龧ˣ
ͷôͷ
֮󣬰âǻĵȴ˷ۿȥǼһдĴָָ״Сĳ龧Ǹߵϡ
һ龧龧֮ƿǿ黹Ҫϼ֣
ϲʦ龧
ʱĴȫһ֮Ǹǿ龧ҲǼĪ
Σƺˣ
ҪǸǸ
ģ
Ǿ龧ֵ٣
λ˵龧Ӧֵʮ侧ңǷϣӦʮʮ֮䣬ԣʮ侧
һھâ˸˸ϸ˵š
˵ļλû˷ϣǡʵԣʱλؼ۷߱ʮ侧ھ
ţһϴζǰӿʯͬѡ飬һ飬ĳһƷǿֵ˰ٶʮëϣȴʲôҲû
ˣ
ʵȻ׽龧̣ǲǰٷ֮һļʶѣ
ΣҪˣ
ϴδȵǰ˿ʯϣıûôˣΪʵÿһ˶ࡣ
ʱϼеĿⶼǼڷϣֻǣ󲿷ֶǳģмЩΪλѡһ鱻켶ʦϵķʯ
˶뿴䣬ûҪôά֡
ٺ٣
ЦһŷЩϷʵ˵ѩʦ˶ڴ㿪챦أ㲻ʧɣ
ʲô
ƲһۣʦȻôɡ
ѩʦڣĳв֮񣿡
ƺҲˣͷ
̫Կˣ
ৣ
ֱһץһëϱͬʱһԼֵڽҵļƷһֵǧˮƷ
ĳɼܸ⣬ĳŷ˵ѩʦÿʯ˰ɣ
û⣡
ƵȻһЦгĺ˿ץһëϣ
ëϣһƷľһƷԵֵܼǧҡ


513 ʲô
ʱĴһЩϸϸ˽һ˫˫۾ųģ棬ȫǼǵվһʯԵϡ
ëһһƷһƷĳɼѾǺܲˣʹʱԣǰʮʸҲû߱
ʱʣһëϣʯ
ߣ
ӵ켶ʦĻһ
һҲˣȻǵԼͷǳĲãһĨâдСһҪĽѵ
һ˫˫˸Ÿɫâӣǿ͵ķʯɨɨȥãҡҡͷ˵ǶǹһĨϷ볰
̫֪ˣ
Ŀǰֳʵ٣ѡһмƷëϣ˵Ƕ¡
ǣһȴƫƫѡһʯǱ켶ʦķʯ
켶ʦȨ
ȷֻһ侧ķʯѡ
һλ켶ʦڵâ֮Ҳ˵λһ۵켶ʦҲ׷׵ͷ
ĻЩڷƶԼĵؼʦд󶨡
װ׵Ľʮ侧ĺ¿ǲడ
ģˡ
ôһǽ캮ȥ侧˻ӮʮõдˬҲû飬ѩʦʯɣҳʶҲð
ǰǶ뿴浽̲ʲô챦
ΧȺҲǷ׷壬쳹϶ʱ
˵ʱȫû
ȵģ϶ˡ
ܴ֮ͫǽäĿʵΪţһλӵ켶۷ͫˣԲûаյ£
ŵǧ侧ΪȻ
һδҪ̩ʦ֮ϵ˵㲻ʲôֻҪ룬ּѴ֮ĴʥأԸôȥôһλʦ
κһλ켶ʯʦǶ޼۵ģǵļֵʯɸѡ֮ϣ
ڷڶʯڵëϡ
һɾߡ
Ǵ֮һֱעŷÿһµ˽Ƶˡ
һԲһԸԿˣ٣ĿǰΪֹûԹ
Ǵʱڳ󲿷켶ʦѾǿʯţп϶в֮
Ҫ֪һǸܴӽʯڿ龧ˣ


ûЩ̶Ļĺ˿ǿ޴ķʯ
׳׸ߣΧЩؼʦѡë֮һȣʹ׼Сˣûмܹһġ
ƣâһۿɼʹ俴ȥΪͬеʯһ롣
ǣϵܲĶȴƻһɳͬ©ʯȫ©ĸɾһơ
ǷʯҲ©ʯѰʯϸΪ飬ȴ©ĸɾֻЩõĵطпܳ侧
ৣ
վڷʯߣԳԪʼʱ׷ɣĴ￪ͬѩһ㣬ĵ˺һ㡣

䣬һĨӨ¶˳һ죬һ侧˷ƵС
꣡
Χһ
ΪڷʯϣֻЩûɳ׵òλ֮ڣп̳ʯϣȴֻʮСһòλѡ
СĲָ״СʲôģҲͰƴѣҲղŷƾѾһĲλˡ
͵ڣϣѾϵһ룡
ৣ
侧ƵĶûͣ£ԪԶУǼӲޱȵʯϺ޺ۼȥ
ѾһСˣȥ崦õĲ֣ûʲôëϣһһ㣬ܿģ߲λǱȫѾӽڶòλˡ

Ⱥ죬侧ڷС
ˣʯ֮ϾֻʣһЩߴǵСˣҲ󲻹ƣزסʲô
ٺ٣ѩʦλ켶ʦû˵ɣֻ侧ѣ
Ĵչʵ˵г˱ġ
켶ʦĻҲҷҿǴҲڰ
ʵǰǾ͸ʲôǣ
ٺ٣ǲôҿҪˣ
ºˣһԼɾȥһپʮ侧治֪ΪʥŮӦ侧
Ⱥ֮𣬾һƬͬѾһ㡣
ƵȷѾˡ
Ѿûз̵ĻˣЩСλһ侧Ҳزס
ѩʦҪԸķ䰡
ΧĻЦ֮ھǵϷʡ
ǰλ켶ʦʥŮڳ֤ѩʦò˰ɣ
һپʮ侧ѩʦ˵ʲô
ζĵļؼʦҲ׷
ʲô
Ʋһۣһûأ鷳ÿ㣡


514 
ȷǻûء
һ仰õļ˱ӣ׷ŭģƺ뽫ƻһ㡣
̫ˣ
С̫Դˣ

кâ˸˸ȵ
ҿǲײĲᣡ
ǣѵƾЩϿʲô챦
ؼʦ޵ߡ
ৣ
Ƹǣ˫֮ԶԪͬһ㻺ʣëϣ޴ķʯѾֻʣһСˣȱҲڼš

崦


תۣ崦õǱɷĩµأʯϣʱʣСһǿ黹ƴСû̲侧Ŀܡ
Ҿ˵С쿪
ЩƲζĵĵؼʦ¶ɵЦ⡣
£ûзĿˣ
΢΢޳ü֮ھɻ
ѵλʦѣҪһΣ
ˣʱѾǳˣССλزסʲôԣѶ
Ǽһѵ侧ô
ԶվŵҲЩգüͷ塣
һپʮ侧ɲǸСĿô˳ȥ֪ΪΣһĨŭ
һ̫ܼˣԺҪһ㣡
Բԣ
ͷһ֣߷ıһæҡͷĵҲ¶һĨ糺졣
ǼһˣԼʲôϵҪ˲źأѵ
ԣ
ৣ
ڶĲλҲˣʱƵɫҲЩð
͵ķʯʱҲѾֻʣӴСˣɳܲͬһ㣬ģǴ͸׳ҫֳǵĹ
Ȼɳ׻Ƶм䣬ȴһСõҲ˵ãϣҲǿӿݵģܲƽ
֪ν
Ǹӵ켶ʦһ۽ķƣΪм
ƺĲ
ٺ٣Ҳ˵أ˼Ҳǻʣһôһ챦ǿɾͷΪʤˣ
ǣǰѩʦ㽫챦ɣǶء

ʱٲȻѾΪȫЦʵĻǵصķһµķƣЩζĵĵؼʦǵ⣬档
ѩʦϽɣﶼڵſء
ŷǷŻٶȣϷʵƵ
뿴ǰɣ
µͷˣ΢΢ЩŵƽһȣƽǾǿ
ৣ
˵䣬Ԫһ£ӿٵҴСëϣۿɼٶڼٵСţٽһõĲλ
ʱȫĿⶼǷһСõĲλ桭

һ۾Ԫһ£õڣ׷ɣһӱȫм

һ֮ͬײĴ쳹õ˽һ㶣ȫЩȻĿ˹ȥ
ûгĹ⻪ûо˵磬һֵĺƽʲôҲûһ㡣
һ죬ڷƶ֮Ȼж
۾˹ȥеĻȴƽ
Ȼһ
Ⱥ֮бһЦ
Ȼǿ
ǣѩʦѵѡ챦ô
챦ȻͬѰ
ҿ챦Ѿֵһһң
ȺЩؼʦ׷׶ĳԣǵء
ûһ
ǰָСǷƺһ⣬ɫĺڣԵ޹⣬ⲻʲô
ĨĹ⾹Ȼⶫ
üͷ塣
ĨâõݺߣֻһĻôҲš
ֱͫɫ顣
ŵŵţ
ֻһۣƱֱӵ˼һĿеĺɫ飬ϣǻźˮ
֮ͫ£ɫ󰵵ȴͬһͷһ㣬˶ɣģõķƽľֱʧء
ô£
Ƶ鲻٣õĽ΢΢һ㶣ţһ˫˫â˸˸ӱڳȫǼǿ֮ϣƺҪҳ֮ͬ

΢΢һ㶣ͫ𣬼ǿɫƬϡ
ʲô
Ĺ⻮ɶʱʧɫԵļλаʥصϹŶע⣬ʱǷ׷ײǴϵûʱǵȫ¶𺳵ɫ


515 ʥƬ
ʱ켶ʦҲͲסˣͫ׷ǸǱɫһȻƺš
ǵת䣬õĳϵЩЩ̶ͣ׷׺ɵĿе飬ɫЩĪ
ɫƽѵʲôŹֲɣ
ʯ֮ڻзô
һȺ֮д˳ʱõһ
ǰڵʯ֮ڣôܻзأôǷأ޾£ҲΪˣȴΪλڣ
ȵؼʦȫɫˣȻǲûпʵǣѾ뵽һȥ
ԲѰ飡
ৣৣৣ
ԵļϹŶסˣһƵԣһ˫˫â˸˸ȫĶ飬ԵЩ
ǻĹʱµıƬһ
һϹŶе
ͨ鱦Ϊʥ죬Ϊģ۱
һ׼ҪͷһʲôĸǳֻڶȫҪԿˣ

֣ͬһը죬˶ǷӦ
⿴Ʒһ飬ȻһƬ
ǻĹƬֵѾܱ챦ˡ
һĵȺ֮д˳õЩζĵĵؼʦԭѿɫǰһ֣ʤԲ۾΢΢ſȴôҲ˵һɫֺ죬ְס
ܱ챦ôССƬֵʮ侧Ҳ˵ƴʱѾʱǰˣ
Щԭ˵켶ʦʱɫҲǲôÿˡ
ⲻڴô
Ҵĺأʮ˵Ĵϣǿеķϵпһ챦ƬֱӾһĶ⣡
رǸӵ켶ʦɫͬһɫһѿ
ԭ뿴Цˣʱȫһٰʮȵת䡣
ȫûһԤϵһ棬ųݵӣ˳Ĭˡ
Ȼĸٴ﷭ˣ
ʯڿ龧ʯڿĹƬɺϣ
ʵ
ʵǾЩˣ켶ʦδܿƵʯϣȻˣǲ˵ͫҲ켶ô
뵽ֿܣ˲һ
ҲӦ켶н׵ͫɣ˵ݺպΪʯ̩֮һ
Ȼ䣬ƺˣɵˣΪλһڴӦǧ侧Ľˡ
ΪѩˣպĳΪʯ̩ǧ侧˵ʲô£
ɵľٶɾֺλպʯ̩
ʱ˱ǿʼԼһЩ׵˷׷ʧȺ֮Уһλδʯ̩Ǽֱ·

ЦˣĵЦˣ绨
ֻһͷŵѣֺһλʯֱ̩ϵڱϲ¡
ߣˣ
߱С죬ݺݵĺǴȴǳһϸСĻȡ
ǼһȻһԸԿ
֪ΪΣЩ߸ϵ켶ʦѿɫһĨ⡣
ɫ
ԴˣΪЦˡ
ļһﵽմǲݣ
޺޵ĿǵӰҧġ֨졣

ٺ٣
һǣЦеƬһѿǰһͣ㲻Ǻ뿴ôھ͸㿴
㣡
˫ۣȴҲĻķζըˡ
С̫ˣ˻רõ߷ѵǼе׵ĵؼʦӶǱһһģ
ʲô㲻ǲôⲻѾô
ҧбųÿһֶǴޱȵԹ
ɨˣհ
ҲȷֻƬҲֵֻʮ侧ңǸߵ龧ǿֵʮ֮ޣеĲ࣬һĴ
ȵȣ
ʱһֱվһϹŶŵ۾ͻȻâҲЩķļŲŷʵܸҿô
ţ
һ㶣΢΢һЦȻԡ
˵ţɫ˹ȥ
ǸϹŶ˫ĦƬƺ֮ڴ̣۾ӦòƬ
꣡
жһ䣬ǸϹŶŵǾ仰õǲ㽫ͷҧ
ⲻƬӦʥƬ
ǸϹŶüǺ˳


516 ֮
ʥ
ĸ֣λаʥصϹŶ˵ʱȫ˲ʱžԭһֱһʯ̩Ф٤ʥˣҲͲסͶԲĿ⣬âӿ߽΢ĵ˵ͷ
ɣ֤ʵɫ󰵵ƬʥƬ
˻
ʱȫǴһ˴ʱҲһĴ㵣þûز
ʥҪڶͨ챦پʥ˵ĴĵĴĥ죬Ŵɵģܽε۱Ϊʥص֮
˵ʥѾüֵܺˣ޼֮ǲܱģ
ԣЩƽƬȻʥƬʱû˻Ա򶨣
ֻǸССƬǾҲ֮
ΪһʥĲʡ
ʥһٶҪʮͨ챦ⲻͬ챦䣬Ǻܾоļֵô
ڶƬ̣ǿǵʱʹʥʥ˸ģ׽ٸڷ֮ϣǶüɵܣ
ĹЧ룬ʥƬļֵǺεȵİ
ʥ
һ־֪ԲǷˣڿΧһ𾪵ףǵĻȸӵˡ
ֻײˣ
ҳʮ侧
һ뷢԰׵ߴȺ֮м˳ֱӿһ
Ƶ̫ϳϡ
Ⱥϳ߷ݣȻһλܣҸ֮һƵ̫ϳϣ
ҳʮ侧
һ˳ף֮λƵ̫ϳ˿á
ҳʮ侧
Ƶ̫ϳƲһۣһҲֱӼ侧
ҳʮ򣡡
Ǹûκԥٴνмۡ
ڷһ䣬ԭ˵ֵֻʮ侧ƬֱӾʮ侧֮ޣǿмȥĿܣƶҪֱǽˡ
ߣ
ԹԵĽмۣǼаʥصϹŶɫһԵЩá
ⲻҪԼô
ҳʮ侧
ǸʥƬϹŶһֱӼʮ侧䡣
ȻʥƬڱصã
Ľмۣʱõɫһ˸ջû֮ԡ
ҳʮ侧
ǸϹŶʱһ켶ʦվʮ侧
ȷηǵݣǣЩ켶ʦԸ򣬸ǣݣ켶ʦݻҪԸһ
ȻʥƬļֵԶԶֹǰʮ侧ô򵥡
һ侧
Ļ£ФվһȻЦ⣬ֺǺǵĿżϹŶǸۣȥ
˻
Ⱥ֮һ
Ȼ֪ʥƬһۣȴûȻﵽ֮ޣ
ⷴǾ޴ģ
ԭȫû˿õݺʱ˸㷭Ծӣ˵ĹھķĪˣ
Ҳԣû䣬ֻһܰ
ţ󲿷жһ鴤
ǻˣ
ʵȴû˿ȷһаžͶˡ
ȻФʦãҳһٶʮ侧
ФϹŶǸǲ̫ȻܽаʯڵһʧͲһǰˡ
ǣøˣ
ٴƲһǿɫƬФûмӼȥ
һܵ˵аֵĵ˼ºҲˣڶǿƬѾãɢһ侧ȷѾǼˡ
Ȼǻ̵ʥƬֵԶԶֹǰ侧ôˡ
֪ѩʦϷأ
ǸϹŶЦݣƺҲֱӼ˸ʦ
Ȼ϶ϰ켶ͫˣλδ켶ʦȻҲᵡˡ
Ȼ
Ѿַˡ
ôһƬǻһٶʮ侧õޱȵ⡣
ʥоֵ
˵ڿǲһʥ֮ϵ۱ңõģ
ԣڷ˵ʥƬǼѣ˶һ˾侧֮ð
쾧侧ʵҲǺܶడ
лѩʦã
ϹŶǴϲóһöָ侧֮ǵݸƣƺһ㡣
һףԴϲλڵĳҲֻܰ̾һ˻Ⱥ֮ڡ
һɣЩζĵĵؼʦɫǰ˼֡

᳤̾һԵЩˣ
˵գóһöָбתͷҲص뿪˳أĽҲˡ


517 

ƷĴЦõɫһƬϽɫ
Լȥ˼ҳ鰡
һؼʦʯȥһٴοһ龧ʵǿģǼƷһƷƷ
ȥһپʮ侧ˣӵؼھĽʮ侧һֵʮ侧Ʒ쾧Σջʢ
һδȣֱӾѾ׬ȡʮ侧
̫ˣ
ϵ˸Ǽͨ죬֮ھ𺳡
ʮ侧
˶Ǽʵ۾ͨ죬Ǹؼʦë֮󣬶Ȼȥ
澡ʧ
ڣ˭֪⿴ƽݺʵһ㶼򵥣ϰľ켶ͫҲ˵һλ켶ʦ
ңͿǼ켶ʦҲδܿƵʥƬֻ£ϰĻһ켶ͫ
ڣ˶˵ʱΪҪŵǧ侧ˣǼԭЩϹŶҲϲЦտ
ʥŮȼ֮
ֺãЧ϶Ȳ÷ţ
Ǻǣ
ɽЦ绨ʱõĴֱӿɵۣþòܻ
аһŮ
аޣȴǲȥֱǵĶ
⵽˵λаʥӣл
˫ɭߣõȩ̈ͷ
ߣ
ķΨΨŵŵı֣һƺԵ⣬ȥһۣĿʱײ
꾫
ҧ˫
ȻҵԼ湴Լˣ
ǿ벻̣
û취÷𲻿ǿ𣬾Ի𵽷Ч
ǣ꾫ǾԲģ
ˣѵ
УԺĽԼ˽ȥ
ţ
ԭַֻƵıֶѣԼòǺĵģǣòȴǴӲֱԼ㣬õΪɻһ̧ͷ䣬һ˵Ŀ⡣
һϢŮӣһһǽޱߣʱ䣬Щĵ¶
Ĺ
һ˿ԼŮӣֻǣʱԼĿ⣬ȴǴŨŨĶʻ߿
㣬õɺΪ⡣
ԼƺʶĵŮӰ
ĶӺζ
ѵ
һǸΪݵӣʱϵǱЩŹ֡
֮϶ʲô
ңԣӦηǸĵŮӣŲֱԼӱܡ
Ǻ޸
ٴһԶǵĵӰипͬʱһɺ档
ΪΣǸĵŮӻῴݺأѵֻǿʯ֮
֮䣬ʲôԼ֪Ķ
ǸŮڵĶʻԼ˺㣬ľǵҲ±ȥ
Լῴݺ
ţвһĨЦ
켶۷ʦΣɷʥԼУӲǸĹ߰ˣ
ΪȥѾʮķƣΪȴڶѣǿΪ䣬ӵʯ֮һֻ۵ϰˡ
ԼպҪѡˣضҪΪǿԼ
͵ı׼
Ҳ֪ΪΣȴǹʹĸͶһƵĿ⣬Ӷĳºһϵе˼Ҿ硣
㣬ȴǲ֪ˡ

ֵ켶ʦǿʯˣФʲãһǿʼʯˡ
ѡһֵǧ˰ҵëϣͬһ׮һ㣬Գ壬ͬһëԲ
Ǽֵ侧ëϣ಻ãǿɾ˵ȥˡ
ৣ
Фûж˵ֱӱǿʯһëۿɼٶСţͫ𣬷ֱǿͬ׮һëϣ΢УǼ׮ëڣһĨ鶯⣬ͬˮһ㣬ء
ǿ챦
˿ɣФͫëϿ챦ļӦ߳ɵ˳ҡ
ȫǼ켶ʦ˼ؼʦǿףֻҡͷЦ٤ʥʱɫҲǺΪ
ӦҲʲôФʵϣǾѡë޷ģֻǸ߳ɵļ۸Ҳû취ȡ
ৣ
ФʯٶȺܿ죬Ҳһֱ޵ЦݣȻʮ㣬Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
䣬һĨĵ̹Ǵǿë֮˳⵴õ紦ԭʼһ㣬ޣõһᣬˬ
ৣ
ФһץһĨץУʱϵЦŨˡ
Ȼˣ


518 ˵С
ľ
һаʥصϹŶ֮ڣǲ˼ɫ
ʲôȻǽľ
϶ʱһ˫˫ȫ¶𺳡
ľ
һ㶣ǵһƣȻ֪Ϊ
ۿȥФŵģһС֦û֦ƣ磬ӨӨ˸˸ͬ񳹶ɣľ֦
ףôЩ죿
һۣƵĿͣǸ֦֮ϣ΢΢ͻȻһˣ㣬СǸ֦ģô
˼𣬰Ǹ֦֦Ϊô
һʼϸϸΧЩ֮ʱһ֮¶һĨµ𾪡
⽨ľȻʥͨ챦
ľ쳤Ϊ֮ʥĲ챦
꣡ɣʥϣ
ǳ˳顣
ĺƣΪţǸ֦ǴӰĶģңва֮
֮
ʲô
ʱһͷ̷غȴС˵
Ǿ޼֮

Ȼǽľ
Ө֦٤ʥ̱ϣⶶҲԵЩŻָ˹Ф˹֣ФʦͫȻ߳Ϊʯ̩٤ʥ磡
켶һСףǶԶΪһףܿƵ̱Ҫһ֣Ͳһǰˡ
⽨ḷ̌Ф׽ǣ٤ʥͲܣ

ФĴЦõ٤ʥЩаʥصϹŶɫǱĺܲÿ
Σаʥر˴ˡ
ʱȴǷãһ顣
Ҳû취ģʱаʥصȷûܱȵĹλʯ̩
ֵһǧ侧
һϹŶѵ˵һĵۡ
ôָһ֦Ȼֵһǧ侧ϣͨ챦ļ۸
һǧ侧
ͷȣͷЩѵ촽
һֵָǧ侧ôǸ׵أ
ͻȻģƾãСطҲСطĺôǾ޼֮ҡҲ׷ɱ
Сˣ
ŰֻҪ־ͻóǸ֦ԵУƲٴγ˳ǡ
ǼһԻ֪Լŵ޼֮
취ƭ
ֲ֪£Ƿƿһ򣬻ʮ侧Сӿ϶ƨƨߵĽ֦ϡ
ٺ٣
ţƺЦõΧվŵļؼʦһëȻ˿˼Զ
ȷǸ뷨
ţһ켶ʦʼĬĬĿʯ
٤ʥʵȻǷͬһ챦ֵһʮ侧λ켶ʦһλһֵ侧챦ʤлλԿһ龧ʧ֣ԣ٤ʥȡ켶
˵û䣬ϾФֻ߳ɶѡ
ֻǣǿƳɽȴǰܵһͿֹФһλ켶ʦܸˣ٤ʥɫԵЩ
ûϷˣ
佱ʼ
ûԵ쾧
ڱѯҪʲô쾧ʱ򣬷ƿʵõΧֱʯҲȻĿ
ʲôЦԣ
ǿǴ˵еԣ
ٺ٣ʵǿЦġ
ΧԣڨڨһЦ˸һԵ쾧Ϳˡ
Ǻǣû⡣
¶Ц֣óһâɭɭ쾧ϢŷȥõΧȫԪ
лл
̵Ľ쾧ȴǲ̧ͷȥǵĶõٴЦ
δ켶ʦ
ԽǶԷԶ߾ԽĶУǳ׵׵ĺ꾫
佱켶ʦҲԼĶԼǸӵ켶ʦķ۾ܣʱһ䣬߹
ղţֻһ龧ѣʵǱѾˡ
㲻䣿
Ϊ̶ڷƶõ۾Ǽ켶ʦһЦվ
ˣ
ûߵȼؼʦжʱЦϵҲ׷ǴſϷĿ⡣
Ϊһ켶ʦĿ֮±ʵȥ
ûû
ƣƲж⣬ʼ磬Ц˵
ô
ķϹŵĨ޵Ц⣬켶ʦɫһ䡣
Լô
ӵ켶н׵ͫڣȴǵؼѣ
һ֣
ԷƷս


519 ķ
û⡣
ƣƵȻԶԣأԹһĨ޵Ц⣬һڴӦ

ȫ˶Ǵ㵵Ŀ
켶ؼһԵĽޣ޷ԽԨڻɷӵ켶н׵ͫûΪӵжԿ켶ʦʵ
ʵҲȷˣͫȣƵȷȲ
ãõĺܣ
켶ʦЩԲ˫Ŀ˫гܵŭ
ƵĵȻǸŭٴνһ׻ͣһЩոɾһǻŭ𳹵׵ı˳
һҪԼСӺÿ
֪кϷˣԭ˵ʲô٤ʥҲſͣĬվϹȻ
ƺΪδȶɥ
ǻķΣ
һƣ
ߣ
켶ʦһôģ
ٺ١
ЦһΣǲͫƾʮڣ˭Ķֵߣ˭ӮΣ
ţ
ԣ˽һ㶡
ǳĳ
ʹͫƾѡʯⲻô
Ϊڼ˶Ϊӵе켶н׵ͫȻжĲ׼ǣ׽켶ʦҲ޷׽̡
ƾ㣬ԶģһһڣֻǼʺܵͶѣ
ǣͫϵ֮ʣʲô
ǸЦΪбʯľڣ
λ켶ʦıʯ飬ѵȲʮҵˣ
£ҲˣõΪ֮⡣
˵ȷܲ
ã
΢΢˼һ켶ʦһڴӦЦ˵ٶĵ㣬һ侧һΣ
û⡣
ϵЦŨˣһתЩ켶ʦЩƵʵ˭Ҫζô

ųԱ켶ʦҲվ˳
Ȼӷһӣǵıʯ鿪˵ӮƼʮþȵġ
侧Ķע
ϵ˼ľˣһζĺİ
ʲôǮͽǮעֱϰ侧
ǺǣҲ档
Фվ˸ž⣬Ц˵аǲ˽ܣһؼʦԳƲ䣬ǣ̾簡
ȻΪʯ̩ǣ̩ɲֹһ˶ѣ˵󶨻ȡ衣

ļ룬õȫ
ʵʵʯ̩ﰡʵģҪΪһԭ򣬷ƿ켶нͫ
ĳõԭɧļ켶ʦȥ
λʯ̩棬ǲǵģ
Ǻǣð
Цûʲô̩ѵܱȵĹСĸӦ
ⲻǸԼ侧˶ѡ
˶ѣ
˻
׵Ӧõ˵һ
Ҳ֪ǲǲ֪޾壬Ȼȥλʯ̩Ȩ
ӲǿϷˣǿϷ
δ̩̩ıȶ˵ݣҲעⳡ֮Ҫʯ磡
ҲĻӮ
ŵЦӣôһо
ΪôǵĻȶͺơ
ʱ󲿷ֶϣӮΪϾʱаӮˣ͵ڰаûӣ
ٺ٣Ǿȥѡʯɣ
ЦһƱתŶʯȥλ켶ʦҲ½ĸϡ
ʮΪޣͨëҲѡë϶ѡ
ʱһ˫˫۾ȫǼڷƵϣ˶ҪıʯΣǣҪʧˡ
˽ֻ֮һ֣һëϸţûϸȥûȥĦëЩϸϸ
ⴿѡ
ߣ֪ν
ӵǸ켶ʦĺһһĨм
ѡʯǲƾѡʯô
ٺ٣
켶ʦҲǺЦ׷׿ʼѡʯֻФķƵĶ֮һĨɻһҲʼѡʯ
ǺϱǷһ߶ФǺѡţǶص۹⾫ĵѡһë
Һˣ
ĹһȦСһëϱߵſڣļˣǴһĨ޵Ц⡣
İ侧ˣ
оԵģ
ľٶʱһЩ˶Щʧ
̫ˣ
ʱаʥصļϹŶҲüͷ
ֻ£Ҫһˡ
ʱФҲȺѡϣ˶ëϣֵʮڡ
ǿʯˣ


520 Ĳ
аʯſڣΧȺʯѾЩȴûɢȥ˵ĿⶼǶŶʯ֮ڣʱӰȺӶʯ˳
ˣԶѡëϣȥ˷Ƶ鲻ôۣλ켶ʦѡļ鿴඼ǲǲ
ѡġ
ԵЩǿˣι״û˿ԣǾļģƺôģѡʯʱëϳʲôҲûôƾоƾѡˣõļ켶ʦǳͶԲмĿ⣡
ף԰
ͫüͷ壬
ʲô
Ļһʱõɫһ䣬Щ켶ʦҲͬԷ׷ײͫɨ
䣬ǸǱɫЩûζĵʯʦǣҲһȻ
ûŤ˵ëڵȷϵļһƺƷ׻ͣ
ôܣ
жޱȵ𺳣ôѡȻÿ鶼ɺϣ
ܣ
ôģ
û֪ФʱҲЩ£ͫȻѾһС
Ҳ벻ͨƾġ
ѵԸӦëڵ̲
Фһͷ
֮治У˭˵˴أ

̾ϢһЩӵĿ˷һۣƺҪӼϣϵɫˣ

⻰һʱϱǵһͬһаųǡ
ʯ̩Ȼˣ
𺳵ױȣ˶ĿɿڴϵʯЩ켶ʦҲȫɫ
ȫĿʱȫǸݵϣ𺳣죬ȣ磬㵡̬졣
Ǻǣ
ƲδΣǹĨЦ⣬ƺѾûʲôԴľһ㡣
ĴڣֻǶ̶ʱѣңĳһ棬
ûһ֣캮һģԽʯ龧ʱӲ˵ڷʯڿĹʥƬڸѡʯҲѡ
Ƿɫ˳Ĭˡ
ƷһľƷ
ѡʯĳɼ
ˣФһ侧Ҳһһ侧ӣǸӵ켶ʦҲǿ侧ѡ
¶ٷ֣Ĳһǰ㡣
죡
һʮӣȴǴһϹŶ
İ侧ֿ֣˻
һԤıģ
Цеģȫжôһͷʱһ
Ǻǣ
ЦˣһаʥصϹŶҲЦˡ
㹻аˣ
һؼʯʦȻ˳Ѿõ̩Ф
ǿĵϢȥ֮ʯûķˡ
һȻǸԿˡ
ԶҲ֪ʲôʱߵǹһĨЦ⣬ǣЦ֮ǵЦǶˡ
ļһﲻĸɾ
Ĩֱ˶ʻ
絶Ŀ⣬õԭЩķϵЦһá
еĽˡ
зࡣ
ʱһֱվŵ٤ʥȴվһЩ˵ע⡣
ⳡֻǰǣʵȴӹɣʯ
һʱ䣬ӵؼн׽켶ף£˭
λʦλֵܡ
٤ʥ£Χ˹֣ȫλҲһЩˡҼҲҵĸףһ֢Ĳ
ʲô
˶ȻĿĶǵ
Ĳǲ֢֮켶ҩʦҲ֮޿κεľֹ֢꣬ĲļʺܸߣǾܣҲֻգڲħ֮£
ҩʦΪλһְҵ֮ϵԭ
ǾԲְܵҵǾܶԴ켶ҩʦҲͿģ
ԭǴžȻģҼᰵ˴󲡣Ӵһ𡭡ϢѾˣҼѾǳŲȥˡ
ⲻֻ֢֮аʥص켶ҩʦҲ޿κΰɣ
ԭ٤ʥĿĵġ
Ƿ׷׻Ȼ٤ʥֻҪĿĻʿᰵľ֢
ȻǹĲ
ƵɫЩŹ֡
ĳڴ棬˭ҽκҸ׵Ĳ֢Ըһǧ侧л
٤ʥ쵴ȫľ֮


521 ѩ
һǧ侧л
۾һͷЩѵ촽һ£һڿˮ
ⲻĺô
һǧ侧ĳл˵켶ҩʦǶûʸõǶӵũҩķ˵ȴ׾ٵ顣
һǧ侧ȻҪǣҪĻ٤ʥյؼ
һʱӵؼн׽켶׵ؼ
һżӿط
㣬Ƽܿ϶˶ܿ϶
һʯ̥ǽͫ켶Դһžط
ţ˼
Զ߸ѾˣŷĨ޵Ц⣬ĳ˳顣
֪ҲΪǸŻȻӰħ̾ͻȡС
ƺʲô¶Ǽһռˣ
ߵ
һƺһܵģûʲôģʵ΢֮⡣

ȫΪһǧ侧ĳͬɽХ쳹ȫǡ
ǿһǧ侧Ǽ켶ʦҲܵˣȻʤ
ô㣬һǧ侧ռһͨ鷲вϣ
Ҳ˵ҿһͨ鱦Ϊл
ֻǣżʮ˵ĳ棬ȴû˭վ
Ϊ˭֪Ĳǿ䲻֢֮֮һľ֢켶ҩʦܹΣ٤ʥͲˣ
ԣȻ˶һͷȣֵȴûһ߳
٤ʥվڸ̨ϵɨȺϵԽӵӾһƬţҲҧһѪ˿
ʯٸΣʱȴԼصĸ׶ȲˣһвӰѣ
¶ŨŨĲʣȴǶԴ޿κΡ
켶ҩʦܹΣôܻأ
ʱҲΨнϣʿϣϣôһε
ʱ켶ʦҲûмҪߡ
ǵѸߣ˭֪᲻Ỽϣ
ʱ߳պҲеشȥңȻһϲ֢֮Ǿֻ·һ
ϵҲȥ
һǧ侧Ȼջģ˵Ҳ˸пһѣβ֢֮ǻҪվô
Խǵȴ٤ʥԽӵʧ΢΢鶯һٴγȫ˹֣ʲôķӣҲԸ԰侧л
֢֮ΪΣǣ޾£һЩоӵİ취пһ죬пһ£Ҳܴﵽһꡭ
Ҫ֪ѻ꣬ȴδǾΪ켶ҩʦҩټҩš
һҩȥЧֻԽԽڣҲѾӲȥˡ
Ҳ֮٣
ȻΣԼ׶һ죬٤ʥԸ⸶侧֮޵侧ȡ
ɼƬТģҲС
Ļ£ʱϱһЩɧŲ˳
ȻҩʦǴȣֻ»һҩʦ
˼߳٤ʥѿɫǺÿһЩǴкʱȺҲɢȥЩ켶ҩʦҲĿһ۷ƣ㶼ȥ
˶֪ӣպԻΪʯ̩ٹ죬ʯӦþͻ˲֪˲ˣ
ѩʦ
Цӯӯĳŷ˹ǰЦݣõķз㤣æͷȥֱӡ
ʥŮ
ЦڨڨһЦ
ѩʦʲôѵɾô벻ô
΢УЦ¶ȴǺ档
ȫֻһ֪ƽҪΪԽ̩ʦ
ôȴôţҲһ׮
Ȼǡ
һ飬ڨڨ˵š
磡
һεεĵ˼ӲԶƮ˹棬ƱǸоֱ۱ţʱбһĨȣĳطҲ΢ķӦ
˵ˡ
һޱߵߣֱӷӦЩ㵵Ŀ
⻹Ǹ˪ʥŮô
ǲĿ⿴ţһ죬ЩգȴǺڲѡ
ղŲ֪ΪΣٴǰƵʱһȣ˹ʱȴǻڵĳӶˡ
ֱһռˣ
ŷһܵɫҧקŷֱ۵˲Ǳһǯõĳжʱһǳ˳飬ȴǲұʾʲô
ɫŮӣһ˽ĽӴ֮䣬ų𻨣ӣȴǱ߽קסֻнпࡣ


522 ŮħŮ
ʱаʯſڣȴǳֹһĻ
ɫŮȴΧһòΪݵߣһֵ֮ļܡ
ǸŮӵò֮һЩ˵ĿⶼͣĶ˵ϣþƲ
һ˫ˮںӣ·һ˿Ц⣬ž¶˵Ĺϣ͸¶˿˿ģ̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬Ļɡ
֬һǳɫ˿ʳȹ˹ճһ˴ԼߣǼǧģַһ
ΪŮɵģ˷ʤֻһۣǻ˳׵ĳٽȥ޷԰Σ
վаʥŮӣɫȴ˿ѷ
òɣǣ̣̬ᣬü޳ѩһɫΣͤͤŮ٣׿Խϴ
ߵģȻͬħŮȴǡǡ෴̬ʥ࣬òͬŮ
֮ȴһɫǣôŮӣȴΧһߣⲻõһЩʼɡ
ǣǿų֮󣬶ͬйƤȻȥ
δʯ̩Լʲôȥ
ǣǷһΪ֮󣬷׷׶¶Цɫ
þһ£ʱǻģ
ѩ磬λ˭
߹ȵʵ˷Ƶĸ첲˳һƵĿ⡣
Ȼڱҵˣ꾫߿㣡

һֱĥ䣬ͻأһɾʹٴδֱ۴õݺݵ˿ŷӦڨڨһЦλаʥصʥŮɣ
ŶԭаʥصʥŮһΪ˭أ
Цμ䣬̬¶ޱߣõΧ˶ǿɵۡ
ʱɫͳȥ
ԼŮˣ
ৣ
һת߱ڻУݺݵɨһܣһ˫˫ɫĿȫˡ
˲ԴҲգһԴףǱŮ˻£

߻ûӦ˱һ̵ţ˫ͬһֱȴǽεסõ̬á
㣡
˰Եоʱõвһۣǳ⣬ȴǿһſ˷ƵĿУӶŷȭķƵؿڴġ顯죬нĵĺᰡôˡ

һһµĴõķƲһѪ˳ӵͼȻ⼸¾ҪѪˣˣҲƵѪ
Ů˰
ѵֻܳԴô
ǰôһŮϵɫЩŹ֡
һô
ôô
˵£ȴӵһУңԴףǺ޲öԷԼһˣǡߵıΪ⡣
һȭһȭȥһҲҪ˰ɣɱˣ
ܵ˵˵ıܹ֡Ź֣
ţ΢΢ƣ¶һĨ˵Ц⣬нʵѩʦλѵô
һ⣬õһȻһش𣬶ʱиǻڵĳӶˣʱѵľء
ǣ
ⲻһռô
ǣ
ôԼڵΪ
ǳƣ뽫Ʊһ٣ȻƮȻȥǣ꾫
Ͳˣ
ԷĿǰݺаʥŮ׿ĵˣ
켶ʯʦ
ԲܣΪаʥصʥŮǿɷʥĴڣôܻһʯʦ
ѵ˵۵ıˣϲּǷ͵ģ
ţ
սֱۣõ߲ǷӦӿĨ糺죬ᣬ˼ô˼ش
ǵټһĽߣõķֱӾͿɵۣҲĳѪ˿֣һɻȵֱԶõʧȥǡ
һҧͷھʹ֮˹һȥٴγٽȥ
һ˶
ĹǣõͬΪŮӵҲһĨޣип֡
ģŮӶܲˣοأ
ݿ϶򵥣
âһɾȻ֣ĵŮһܹвԼ̴ڣʱ΢
һԼŮӣȴвԼˣ
ϸһȴǷ֣ԼƲ͸ߵΪΪڴһƬŨ


523 ŹŮ
б
ԼƲΪԼовˣ϶򵥣
ȻôģΪܱԼŮӣΪʲôῴݵأѵΪʯ֮
Ҳˣ
ߵıȻֵĽǣȴܸоǰŮӵȷǷǳںΪѩӡ
ڵĶʻԲ٣
㣬ɷǳܹȷ
һʱ䣬޷˵Ĺϵϳ
̫ˣ
ʱɵĻƵ
أаиûô˵Ĵڣôƾðһ㣬Ծͫȥ˵ھԹõʯ̩Ҳʰ·硣
Ҳһܹӵеġ
ңͫʵǴδš
ԽȥԽǺ棬ѩʵݾʲôΪλõŮΪԴأ
Ǻǣ벻ѩʦӵȽޣĽ
Цһ飬ȴƺһ棬㣬ֻ¾ԼҲû
ߣ
ԭߵȴ׽Ị̃ʱһ䡣
ͬһаʥŮȻǺ꾫
ѩ磬һȥζɣڱԺء
ǽޱߵĶģȻɡ
ʲô
һ㶣ӿһ޷ѹֵĿϲ֮飬׷ʵ߶˵ô
ļ΢΢һ㶣һĨůǰӣɫЩӣͷȥȻ
ô߶ߣ
ϲ콵ʱ򳹵׵ˣֻһ뷨ǾǿСΣȻ׿ڸԼĵ
ҲɴкߵС֣ǳԶȥ
Ƕֵˡ
ɿһͷˮ˿˵ʲôΪһֱ̬ƽζ֮˵ʧأ
ζ˭
֪ΪΣܾãζѩʦǳҪ
ʥŮˣ
ʱϹŶΧ
ǰˣǴʱ治֪ʥŮǸѩ𵽵Ǳʲô̬ˡ

߶Ժߣ
ܳ˺ԶһξˣƲаųô󣬱ԺǳǧԼҪȥأ
ߣ
һק˷ƽյƣ㵵ĿĵңȻҪÿ

һ飬ƺЩʲôʱ¶һĨЦ
ٸ߻ȥԺͱˣ
Ʈ˹õΪ֮Ȼ
Դˣ
ûʵ̫ˣŷǹһĨĵЦ⡣
Ǹ
ԴףںܣԼûо쵽ɣѾռһҪλá
Ǻǣ
ƵЦˣ֪ԼСθŮѾԶˣʱԵøˬ
ȥˣŪطҲô鷳ˡ
ţƱ˴һұԺ򣬱ǿ첽ȥ
ڼұԺһֵ֮ǰƹһڰĽ䣬ʱһݵӣǴӽ˳ĶŲԶӴԺȥ
߽аƵĸ䣬ƴ㵵ƼſڴȻѾӵŲˣЩȫҩʦۣؿöҩ֮£м͹ɫӡǣʾǵȼ
Ȼٶ߽ףؼҩʦ
Ȼһ侧ǵջ󣬻ͦģȻҲôڿˡ
ĽֵϡǴӴ˴·ˣǻὫĽ뾴ηĿ⣬ͶȺ˽ҩʦǣУҩʦǾԳߵĴڡ
ЩĴҩʦǣҲ׵ſڴһЩϹϾվȴҩʦ˵ʲô÷ֶԷȷӵĲҩŷУһЩòҩҩʦǱЦܾ
Ȼ־ٶõЩҩʦЩ٤ʥ켶ʯʦݣҲֻ΢Щ䣬뿪
ĿſڴͣһᣬƱǷһεҡҡͷ̧ŶҴŴȥ
Ⱥ̤ǰһһλǹܼݵˣæӭŷΪòԼ֮ͨ󣬻ǵЩԲʧ
Щʧҵ˼ʮܼҵ˿ɲɵ֮¶ϣ¶Щº͵ЦݣЦλСֵܣҵĹܼңҲܷιĲİɣ
Ƶ˵ͷûп˵΢ЩƵԵЩ䡣


524 
ǽĮıõ΢΢㶣̬ȣҩʦЩͬƬ̺ЩڴʵСֵܣ֪ǷӻĲҩ
ҩɲһС
ƵѹƵ΢Щɳƣƽõüͷ΢΢һ塣
Ƶεӣҡҡͷһֻũҩ֮ϵҩƶҪΪԵʣүһЩĨȥҩɲһУ켶ҩʦϵҩҲͬδүƺô
ƵĻõɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ƶ÷Զҩ֮󣬲ɵЩ̧ͷ˷һۣ˰κҧҧÿſڴЩͺȵÿ
ʦɣϣܹүӣĻԶѡ
ŷ΢΢Ϲ˵УΪǰǷ֣ȻǴ˾
΢΢˵ͷȻǸޱģûٶٷϻ߽ţȻʧЩȻ֮С
ţһλŮæһ߳Ȼŷ˵˼䣬ǰ·
ĸǸŮ󣬷ƵĿĸۡɨʴĽõ΢΢ͷ
ңȻǲƴֻ֣¾ʳҲ޷֮ȡ
켶ʯʦܹĲƸʵѰ˸޷ģһ٤ʥʯĹ̥
ɫʯ̾ͶɵС֮ϣƵȻ΢΢̧ǳСͷһĿ͸ڵĴţܹƺվŲˡ
߽дһЩ͵͵˽ƿеصȻֹȻһĿͶ˴Ŵ˵ĿŷһѰĴֲ֮󣬶ɵһ㶣졣
ȻǶЩ֣ΪʲôôͨˣҲʸ
ƵĿ⻺ڴɨڿĴУλͬɫ۷ҩʦؿڴĻ£¶ǵݣؼҩʦ
Щؼҩʦ඼֮䣬λǷѩס
ûȥЩĿ⣬ƶߣͣ˴λһλϣ٤ʥ
ߴ٤ʥƿüͷ΢ͣһԵλɫŮӵĽ֮ϣŮˣƲİаʥŮɡ
ɫȹɣţĿǽŵķƣͬ졣
ȻôһݶͨܽҲǲ⡣
ʱ٤ʥҲǽͣ˷Ƶϣǰţ΢΢һ㶣վŷƹЦλСֵܡ٤ʥ
֮ѣҳݣ
΢˻Ƶڴ֮쳹õ˽һ㶣ޱȲĿ
Ŷ
ķƵоֹ٤ʥһλʦ
ţ
Ӧһĳһȥһľ֮ϣĿ
Ҫ󣬹ˣ
ʱҲΨŻ٤ʥע
ҲȷҪЧﵽˡ
٤ʥһ۱ĿµķƣһȦЩͳ˵λʦҲ⣬Ҹ˾켶ҩʦҲ޷εĹľֻ֢ҪλܹüҸӳ귽档Բøλʧ
˵ţһӣָһƫţҸ棬λһһԡ
ԣڵʮλҩʦһۣƬ̺һλͷ׵ߣЦенƫȻʮӺȴҡͷ˳٤ʥЦǸˣʦҵҩϼĲ֢ȫȻûЧ
ΪѾù켶ҩʦҩӳ٣һҩѾ𲻵ʲôˡ
⻰٤ʥʧ̾һЦҡҡͷ
֮ʮλҩʦǽĽƫڹʮӺ󣬽ε˳ȻеҩڵϼѾ𲻵κˡ
һ߳ҩʦ٤ʥϵʧ֮ɫԽԽŨһҩʦгǻĳȥһԵɣҲ΢΢̾˿
ʱУʮλҩʦѾûǰǷ԰ųĬ
˵ĳĬڵҲ𽥵˳ƣκ٤ʥ̾һǿЦлλˣүӵȷһ٣Ȼʧˣ»ǻùܼҸλһݷḻĳ͡
˻˿Цҡҡͷվ뿪ַΧʵûձꡣ
԰ɡ
ƽɳƵĻȻشӽд˳ĬķΧɫĮľٲ߳ƽõĴΪ֮Ŀ


525 켶ҩʦ
Ǵӽл߳ӣڵ˽㶣ǰλЩ޲ߵĵؼҩʦ϶ʱЩ
ôͨιĲҩ
Ҫ֪ƾеҩڵطϣҲǱĴڣεҩ˵ʵ
٤ʥ߳ӣüͷ΢΢һ
˵ʵڵģΪŷһֱûκξٶ٤ʥѾཫˣʱλѾûʲôΡ
˵˲ò࣬ɶԷϾֻһʮҵˣ䣬ҩʦҲǳѧ߶ѣҩܹ켶ҩʦҲ޿κεĹĲô
һԵҲĸв졣
һĮӣƾʲô˵ôţѵ켶ҩʦ
λСֵܣ㡭
վ٤ʥȻвôΪǰصı£ϰʹȻ΢ЩСĽʵаүӵĹĲ
ͣڴ룬Ƴһ٤ʥЩĮĵʣаʥص켶ҩʦаӣ

ԣ٤ʥһͣεҡҡͷǼλʦӵĻֺαٷľĴҽأ
Ȼ켶ҩʦҲӲˣʦ⻰˵ǲЩ
˻Ƶ΢Щ
΢΢죬٤ʥıֻ֪̽һǰ˵ĵϸȴû뵽ȻϬЩֲһʱ䣬Ȼ֪λػźá
ʦˣ㣬ֻүԽԽѾûжʱȥģȻҪСһ㣬벻Ҫ⡣
٤ʥ㵵ʱһԾɻվ˵ϴ˵Цݣŷƴݵ˵
ղ˷ѵʱ䣬ô
ĿͣǵɫŮӵϣƵȻž޲δΪԷòɶ
÷⻰ڵʮλҩʦɫɵѿ
⻰˵ǰǣ˷үӽʣĴʱ䣡
£һλͷ׵ˣǺ̲סѵëͷСӣȻ˿кʸ˵ֻ
˵ĺǳһڣΧļҩʦߵĵ˵ͷĿⶼǲƵĶǱǵˡ
ǰӵĮһűһˣɵüҲǲɲ΢΢塣
б£һЩǲûʲôȴƫƫϲ죬ôˣǴĵ׵
µƺǶԼıһЩİ
٤ʥعŷƣӦ֪Ĳǲ֢֮켶ҩʦҲ޿κεľ֢
켶ҩʦ˲ôΪȴιĲ
Ƶ˵ţƺν켶ҩʦ˲мһˣⲻΪ侧Ҫһط
ʲô˼
ǿޱȵĻ٤ʥɫҲԲãǸطǴе񾭡
ڣʯ˭طܹһʱӵؼн׽켶ףԲɺʹȻ
ʱҲ
طʵʵ޼۹屦
ʱ޶ǿƥϢҲӰ˳ĳŷѹ˹ȥ
ȻƥϢٽƵʱȴǺȻȻֹ
ͬʱڣЩԭҩʦǣ˿Ҳǻ죬ŵŴĨ۳Һҩԡ
һƢҩ
λ֮ԣͬˮҩֻ֮ź˵촽Ƕˮ˸Ų˼ɫ
켶ҩʦ
һڳҩĿЩҩʦ˲ϳżѾҺҩԵĵϸǵ֮ϣıţһĿ⣬ضǵݵ
С֡ʦǡ
𽥵Ĵͫȥ٤ʥϵĿϲΡ
ڣǿֹͣЩνķϻô
ƽ꣬ͷŪͬҺҩԣĮ
ȻڷƵȻͬǰǰǣˣǰеλܣȴûоκεĲ֮
켶ҩʦݵλԶԶڴ֮ϣ
ʵҩʦȼδ켶ҺҩԣҩгҩԣԭֻҪ¶ҩԶѣ˭֪ǿȴֱӳ켶ҩʦ
ҪЧѾ𵽣Ȼʲô
ʦΪǰĵΪ˵һǸ
վ٤ʥŷ΢΢޿ޡ
ȻҲ켶ʦʯʦݣȴԶԶܼҩʦ


526 Ѳ
ʱ֮ڣţ˵ĿⶼǷǵݵӰ֮ϣһ˫˫֮ȫǳ֮ɫ
켶ҩʦ½Ŀ޼۵Ŀ
ԽǸ߽׵ҩ䣬ʵҪԽߣ켶ģǵ˼̵ĵز˵ʥ֮ڣǴһԻĹ켶ҩ䣬ǣȴҲһܹҩˡ
ԣŵĿǰʥصľЩʥأһλ켶ҩʦеʥأȴһλҲûС
ɼεѵã
ԣƾȻһλ켶ҩʦ֮˵̬ȱһٰʮȵת䣬ʱûڸκεɫڰλҲ˳
ʦе
˽ǰ׷ԲԣʱǴһֿǸ⣬ںܵ
һλ켶ҩʦǷǳǵģ
ɶʧ񣬻ʦ
˵ϴЦݣˮ˵ͬһȫ
û˵ֻǵȻɨһۣ΢ĵ˵ͷȻɫ䣬ȴûб¶жĲ⵽õ˿
켶ʦƺΪҪǻһˣַˣˣаʥҲΨǸ
Ϊ仹һܱʥص֯ҩʦᣡ
ҩʦᣬʣΪҩʦģر켶ҩʦǶصı
룬Ƿ켶ҩʦȥҩʦǾаʥҲԲңкܶԸ켶ҩʦǷԼһġ
ǿǵڶһ
ҩʦرǸ߼ҩʦǾԲɵģȫ½Ĺʶ
ʱɻ٤ʥ
û뵽Ȼһλ켶ҩʦ֣ôһǲΣģӳǾûġ
ֻǣһ뵽ƵҪ٤ʥǿŻȵĻƽȥЩ˸
ΪʯʦȻԼطļֵ
Ǿ޼۵ģ
ôûУ
΢΢üͷĮ³
⡭
٤ʥ¶ɫһԵҲüͷ
ȻҪеԽܡ
ʦԸǧ侧
Ҳȱ侧
٤ʥĻû˵꣬ǱϣΪѵɫüͷźۼ壬һ˵ôѵ㸸׵Ľֵһطô
ţ
٤ʥһ㶣ʦ˼
ߣ
ûлشĻһֱƫȥ
Ƕƫнķƣ٤ʥŴеʮλҩʦЦ˵ЩʲôܼźţȻԼλܸæȥ
߽ƫ͵ƹ佫ƿš
֮ڵĿռĴλãһŴ󴲰ڷУһλЩɿݵϣڴΧüλŮææȥǽĿͶٶϸĵѾ״̬ˡ
߽󴲣ƵĿڴ֮ɨɨ˵ɫֽͬ˯ϣȻЩϢ
໹Ļͷ
Ƴżǰֻ̤˷ĹɫƵ
û
󣬽٤ʥ̾ϢҡҡͷСĵĵʦǷܹһЩʱգ
һԣҲ΢΢˵ͷһĶݣɫĮӡ
㻹Ŀʱ䣬׼طҾˣȻ̸
Ŀ٤ʥƽĵ
ʦѵ
٤ʥͷһЩܡ
λаʥصĴܣҲޱȲĿ
ߣССһĲѲң
ڴĿ£һߣɫԸ߰ɵȻûʲô
꣡
˵գƻǰһ֣ĳҩû뵽ߵλá
ȿȣ
ʱԭ˯߲԰׵ɫӿһĨ̬ĳ죬ſڱǿȳŧ̵Ů״Ѹٵĵݹ̵۽ס
ţ˯˱ǻ۾ƺǲӦǿ⣬ֻıϣֻ΢΢۾ûڣ¶Щɡ
ߵ˷Ӧڵ˶ǿЩŮɣλܣԲ˼Ŀ⿴ǻҪߡ
ԭѾʥ켶ҩʦ˵ߣʱȻͬ︴»ָ˻ŮվߣǶ˵

٤ʥзϲµĺӭȥĿɨɨȥǵʵﲻô
Ŷ٤ʥ
һ٤ʥǲԵŮ΢΢˶ֽţûﲻסֻӹеˡ


527 
ǰ죬ڴϲ֪ߣ°죬ѾҪ˷֣Ҳﶶȣˣ޴ı仯õķڵ˸Ӧһ˫˫֮ڣ𺳵ɫ
ˣ
ΪĲϼݵӵָ֮䣬ֱӻָͬһ㣬õаʥصĴֱܼǲԼ۾
Ҫ֪ȻаʥصǸ켶ҩʦҩҩӻ˹Ĳķǣʱڣϼͻһ㣬ڴϣû֪Ȼǻţǣ˸ûʲô
ѵȻܹιĲ
ʱ֮ǰӵĮĻ
ССһĲѲң
ǰǿǿ֮Ļʱȴǵõӡ֤
ûˣ
½֪Ĳ֢֮Ĳвǵָ顣
һĮɫӣʱ˶޷ԭеƽ̬ĳͬХ㷭ӿš
ûˣ
ǻֽŵĸף٤ʥһЩʵ
⺢ӣΪȥµô
ûĵһۣǷַڶһЩǰɹ˹֣ԭʥŮλϴݹ٣ʧˣ
ϲүӻָ˳
˶ǹֵϲǻᰣип֡
˲ò࣡
仰Զ
ʱűܼס٤ʥƢ𱬣ղ̬ȶһЩ£־һˡ
ûòȡˣ
٤ʥֵңд󶨣ݵӣоǸмֻǣ뵽Ҫȴѹһʯ
λǡ
ķƣ۾¶ɻ󣬳ʵ
λκĲĴʦ
٤ʥǰš
лʦ֮
΢΢һ㶣ƹֵлֻǣȴɻ󣬲ǿƵɫɻȥ
˵̫ˣ
һ䣬޸飬Į˵ҩֻѹѣ
˵գֱתȥ򿪷ţ˳ȥ
٤ʥʦǡ
һ㶣Ȼ
ģʦ˼ǣȱζҩȥˡ
٤ʥһ΢ЦİοˣüŮһͬ˳ȥ
ʦҪ
΢üʵ
ûʲôҵҪ
٤ʥһ˵꣬ǳŴһͤڵķȥ

λܶһۣ̾һΪӵĿһǵݵӰǷص˷ڡ
Ϊ켶ҩʦιĲˣݲܹģ֮󣬿ɲаʥһҶˣҲԸˣرܡ
аʥ֮ڣùĲ˻ô


ͤԣ٤ʥ˿ǰȥվһԣĵʦԸ⽻طΪ
ţܺã
ʱĮϣ¶Щɫǲźۼ䣬üͷ΢ӹ٤ʥݹľᡣ
ʦ֮ͫʱżȻõģʹͫٵȡؼҳ֮Ϊ
֮ʱ٤ʥϣҲ¶һĨȻ֮ɫ
ʯһ󴴾٣ƾǰġ٤ʥֽԶȥ
֣
һЩȲչᣬϸϸĿžϵݣԽԽľͷΪʱ峿ֱҪһЧˡ
٤ʥȻ򵥣ģʵһ󷨣һܹȡ󷨣
û٤ʥҲЩ̫һ㣬һص
ӿۡ
ͻأģһ󣬲֪ܲڷӡ֮ϣ
ӡܹ߸أǬ죬ƥǣȴһȱ㣬Ǿ۵ʱ̫ˣԽҪܴ󣬾ԽҪõʱ䣬ʣڶսУ˭ɵĸʱأ
㣬սϾѾ֤ʵˣǳƴӣܷӳ
ţбһŻȣǸһڷӡ֮ϣǿָԼһɱﵰ
ĿǰʣܹܵҲܴﵽңܹɹаУƾУԱҲǾ棡
ɣɲԼȴѾӵΪ÷һɽȸС
Щʥؼ̫ˣ޾в֪ٸ̣Ŀ£


528 

еľᣬƳ˿ڣâ˸˸ǰ٤ʥҲΪп˵ʦȻ˰ǧţ
ʦˣ
ķƵĿ佱٤ʥЦϲ⣬άʦĳȴ̾簡

Ҳվɫݻ⣬ǴһĨ嵭Ц⣬ˣǾȥΪүΰɣ
ԼԼⶼũҩĹͣԼ츳ûһëǮĹϵ٤ʥͬȴƾԼ츳㴴󷨣㣬Լܱġ
ˣҪʹʦˣ
٤ʥдϲһ䣬ʦ˶죬֮ʱвɳǿȻʺ䷴˼
лʦѣ
ƸмĹ˹֣֮䣬Ȼϧ֮⡣
ܴͫ⣬һ£Ǳضᱧũҩܹˣȴǲͫް
٤ʥĴ£ٴ߽˷ڡ
߹ߵӣ֪ΪΣɾȻӵϢЩϤƺļһ㣬ֻǣϸɨȴڷϿʲôֻ֮ա
Լһʱңջֱۣ˼ŧ̵֮Ҳǻָ˵
ʦлպʦҵĶˣõĵĵطʦܷԸǣ
һʱʱ䣬ĸױǻָԸⱨӣ٤ʥǳ˸мҪȥԼط
Ǻǣ޷
ЦһɫĮ٤ʥЦ˵˵ˣҿѾ˱ˡ
ʯʦ˵Ϊ޼۵Ŀǣڷ˵ֵʤιĲ˵ʵĲǾ֮Ͷѣ
Σ׬ˡ
һ˵ǧл֮£߳ұԺ
ЩӵĿǵȥݱӰЩơ
ΪϤо벻أ
Ϥи˾ԲֹԼһ֮ԵѣӦǺŶԣǣʶˣȴ޼˵ʵֻһˡ
ѩ
뵽֣һ
ԣָоѩ
ҵȺеǵӰʱȴǷ˾ôƾյʧˣɨΧĽֵҲûҵ
ʥŮôˣ
תͷ٤ʥǼЩȻʧɫɻʵ
ûʲô
ɻعҡҡͷһ䣬ʦûоãʦһˣ
һˣ
٤ʥһ㶣ʵ˭
ʯȵھѩ𣡡
ǵӰԺһһĻطţ˺棬ֱݵصһˡ
ѩ𣿡
٤ʥȻĿкôܣѩôʦأԲܣ
ڴ֮ʱһķϣԣûôϸĹ۲ƣԣʱȫһˣȥ롣
ʥŮ̫ˡ
΢üͷȰοһ䣬ţվûܽǾ仰˵
аʥӿɲһؿˣ´Уֳֻֻ
ô
ӦһǴһĨɻת߽Ժڡ
ʱұǳͲ棬ԭҲʮҩʦ˳
һԳ켶ҩʦκүᰵĹĲ
ϢһһˮըըаųǶƷɡ
ʣ˭֪ĲΪ֢֮¼ҩʦ֮࣬ȴû˭˵ԼܹεģֻƾҩҩӲʱѡ
ǴʱȴǱ˳׵κˣ
˶ǲţǾ֢δ˭κùʱϢɾ棬һ֢֮
үӣݴ˹Ĳаʥ켶ҩʦ£ѾӰˣʱգѾ޿ˣ֮£٤ʥŽʯ֮ʱͣ˭֪ȻĻܹεˡ
һʱ䣬ﶼǴ񣬷׷׸ұԺүӣ֪
ڼѾȫָү֮Ǹж캣
Щ֤ʵ֮󣬸ǸƶаųǵҩʦҲѰʦֻȴûнʦƺôƾյʧһ㡣
ҲһЩֻۣܹãȴҲû˿Ч
ԭֻ٤ʥ֪
˼ҿصĸ侧ط
٤ʥǻɣԼطʦ֣


529 δ
ѾַĴ£ƺû˿Ĺϵ
뿪ұԺ֮Ͳϵʹ̤Уаųһܴ䣬һָݵģǲŴҡڵĻصסЩȲóϸϸĥţš
һſ˸ŽٵõķΪ֮ѣҪ͸Ϊá
ΪѾҹԣƲ֮£ڵԪ
ڣԪ֮ϣһԪڷƵľĿ£γһ˿ߣҵĽһ𣬻ĹһСĳΡ
أ
˿ʱһ죬ǹֱӱըһĨ貵⣬Ϊޣڡ

ڵıըͬʱҲõķƼΪܣһҵķֱѪɫҲ৵Ĳ԰ֽ

ũҩ֮ϵҩԣǻָ˿ƱٴγС
Ĵˣܹĥķ˵ѣ뵱޾֮ʱǲ紦ʮ˲ĥ
أأأ
һڷڲϵ쳹Ƶɫһ쵱бòһһεʧܣû٣෴ģ˼ȫǷڣΪλʧܣ֮ϡ
˰ϵٽ٤ʥּǣľ飬ǸһЩŵ
ҪƾԪ۳ǾԲܵģΪԪ֮ڳụ̋޷
٤ʥ֮ʱֱȡʱ
ѵû취ñô
üͷ˼š
翣Ѽƽ֮ʱΪؼΪƽ͵ûκεɱԣܽ
ƽʱ궯ô
˼ãǸ뵽һ
徫Ϊĸ
ǽΪһأôԪ൱ؼԪ൱ڹظ
Ҳû˸ô룬Ҫ֪ľǿʮֵģ˭ܹ侫أ
Կ
һǿʼ
ʧܣڳԣŻɹ
һεľڷƵľĿ£ĽһµĴ󣬽ǵӡ
ͷڷƵĿ»ĽӴһУںΪһ塣
ţ
ûκεЧõķһ㶣ǲƽ
飡
һ쵱УǻһȻλʧˣǣȴǴһĿϲ
У
ȻҲʧܣǣǶΪƵĴ֮ڽӴʱûĶԺϣԲŵ´ıΪ⡣
֮ͨ󣬷Ʊǿʼþһһ
ʱһһεĹȥתۼ䣬ҹ͹ˣҲǾģǻһ˾ԻΪ޶ǷƣҲòóʳԲžġ
ˣ
賿ңڣһУ˷ܵ۾
ɹˣ
ΧٳԼ۵Ԫһľϲ
õþ۳ɹˣʵԪƻļӿתŰԴ߶ĿУһֱʮҵʱ򣬴Ϊ֮
ʮٶô
ͷЩѵ촽һ£ԵЩδ
ȻЧǲ⡣
̫֪ˣ
٤ʥƾԼʮʱ䣬һͬʮ꣬һʱǴӵؼн׽켶
Ȼ̫ˣ
֪ܲٿ㣡
ҪѾǵˣҪ뵽ӡУȻʮʱ䣬ǣս֮ʱʹõĻЧֻ»ǻ᲻⡣
յѣһֱӾѾҪôˣ
٣ҲҪһٱпͷ
ܿģʷʱ򣬷һ˼ʼ
һͫа󣬷Ҳ̫⣬ֻǵһٶң󣬲ŻĽٶߣʱϹ
֮ͫڣڣͬħ˫ͫһ㣬Ǻˡ
ʱҲǺܳģһ˫ͫ챻ٻһ㣬ԣޱȣڵ¶Ҳߡ
ͷϣͬƶСĺˮϵĵ䣬֮£ֻõٶȣ屶ңǿļ
ͫҲҴˣν
ˣ
ͫãűǱˡ
ʣѩʦķô
һΪϤ⴫˽õķüͷ΢΢һ


530 µŮ

ƴͷʹ˴齣һǴ˷ţľɫõǰһ
Ůһ׳ȹקأеͬɽʵˣϸԲβһ˿覴ãĻȡ
ʸ߽ͬŵѩµĶСϲʩۣ֬ѩ׾Өˮӣ񹤾ɣգϢ

ĺ˿ŬĽߴǵӰƿ˳񣬲ʵʥŮ£

Цɿз΢΢޳˫ЩϷʿǰӣȻ㣬ʦ
һòô䣬û취ıģɾץס˷еʡ
ţ
һ㶣ͷĿŴЦĶƽĵʥŮ˵ЦˣôʦأʯʦɲҩʦʥŮŪˡ
Ǻǣô
µɨһƣЦŵʦ˵һܸı˵òߡ
Ŷ仹
һȴȡ
Ǻǡ
Цһֱƿ߽˷ڣɨһȦڣϱһĨŹֵɫףѩʦأѵûסһ𣿡
Ŷȥˡ
Ļشһȴ˼Լǲ¶ˣ
ʱЬӣǴͷţκѩ
ʦǲϳô
ǰԼŪݵӣҲɻ
Կ϶ˣλʦǰӣڣǻɣǰݣòô
ɲţǵȾĵŮӻῴôһݺп϶Ϊ֪ԭ
ʥŮ治֪˵ʲô
ΨпЦãԼӦʲôСӸаʥŮ׽ˣȻԲԵ޹ʵĻʦԼ
ʵ߷ƣŮˣµ㻯ɻңҲᱻϳ
ԣʲô˶ǣΨŮˣȻµĳ̶ȣ֮⣡

ķһɬЦЦӯӯ˵òǿԱģʦһ㡣
ĵ㣿
ǷӦԵģ׷ʳĿ˫֮޲øԼӡ
ⲻֱӳô

һƵķƣЦĸˣһ˫гһֱߣֻǣȴ֡
ֻһ֪ӣϰ켶۷ͫ
ôһˣȻͬʱ켶ҩ䣬β֢֮ĹĲ
һ⻷Ǿõ׷羴ˣ⼸⻷һ𣬾ǸʥأҲҪ֮Ϊϱҿ
ʦ֪һôıò޷ıģ
ڷҲҪ׵Ŀ£Ц͵
ô
ҡͷЦ
㣬ȷûע⵽һ˸ȥעЩֻ˼ϸŮˣŻע⵽档
ɣΪӵ켶۷ͫԲעҲͼס˷ǹеʡ
ǺǣҺڴʦòʲôӵġ
һ˫ˮڣˮâ˸ƺ뽫ƶ
ӣԽԽкˡ
ʥŮ˵ЦˣҾһˡ
ôţз㤣ɵӱ˫ӣֱ֮ӡ
Ů̫ˣԺ󣬶ܵˡ
ô
ˮЦõķͷֱӱܡ
£ϣʥŮܹܡ
ƿһޱƵĵ
Ȼ
׵ץһ켶ҩʦСӣҲĸе⣬Ȼй¶ȥΪһôҲûá
ɵȥ·Ƶ
뿪а򣡡
ˡ

һΪµԺڣ֮ͤУһŰµ꣬񣬽üĿͬͯ
ֻǣĽü֮䣬ȴһĨ𺣬ƻźгӡ
һȰӰƮ֮ͤ⣬ûзκεͤڵ깰˹֣ĵʥӡ
Ҫ£ôˣ
ͷҲûأһֱתָһöɫĽָЩ䡣
ʥŮһȥǸˡ
ʵĻشš
꣡
ǼӲܱȸʯֱӾͱһǣΪĩ¡
Ҳ飬ϸΣûпǴЩˣ
ݵĿ³üĿɭ˶ɡ
ǣ
ӦһƮȻȥ˿ĺۼ
ҵģԶҵģ˭Ҳ᲻ߣ
֮ͤڣƵĵͺ


531 ٴ
ỹʱ䣬Щаų֮ǷӿϹŶ׷׸ΪģȻʥ
λҶ
޷ܵջ
޹أΪÿһ˶ߵһȥ
죬Ҳһû˻Ϊ˻ţЩòȻĴǣҲԲֶΣ
У˵ûиҽӣһϣĸܹܵˣ
ʱ˵Ķ飬һռҩ֮ڶѰóλβ֮ˣ
ֻǣҪʧˣеıܹǵˮ©õ޻ɳˣֻȥռҩ֮ˡ
Ϊԭ򣬴Ӷ·ǱС࣬ΪһСײϵ˻꣬Ƕһ
ЩӣҲ֪˻ôģСҲûٹõķƸΪơ
ҲӦΪ˰ȫɣЩаųⶼǲô̫ƽڳڣǷѪȵɱЩֵģȻЩһȻ֮˶ܵӦеĳͽ䣬ǣƺŽֹ

쾧ˡ
ȵ磬СҲûйƿЦź˿˳ڴϣ֣óʯõöƷȵĽ쾧
ѾҪĵö쾧ˣ
ǰƷı쾧ںƷԣõڵˣѾƷĴȡ
Ʒ
бŷɭϢĳɫͬһհ쾧ƴʱʮֵƽž޲
˵ߵ˽죬Ѿǰ쾧ʱǸˣĿǰʣں쾧Ƕ⣬Ҫǳܲ˶⡣
ӵ츳֮󣬷ƶ쾧ʱᱬĿ־ѾǽͣңӵоԵġ
ֻǣʹһеģϾǶ
쾧ʹǱƺԵЩ΢ˡ
ʼɣ
һΪ˼ʹƼۣĺ˿ǻı˫ĬĬܾ
꣡
ͬаɭĳ˳ǳ˳Ƭֱۣ뵽˷ƵڣǺֱײŰʱڵһбܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
ƲδΪ֪쾧ıҪֱӽˣ𲻵Чˡ
̣Ʊ紦еɽһ㣬һɫĲ԰һƬεĺˮϵĴӶͷ
꣡
һɭϢڱŷһСĿ͸˴ǽڣǶԺ䵥䣬ȻǾеˡ
ৣৣ
죬С֮˳ŻһƬɫķƣһֵĸһ¡
Сһɻƺ׷ڸһԵС˫ֱͨŷԪдɥҡҡͷ޾ɵſڵϣ΢΢۾ŷƵĶ̬
˻
ƵΪʹЩŤǲϵĳ鴤ũҩ֮ϵҩԣٵ޸ĴˣֻǣЧȴ΢΢ҲǱ֤ҪλصĴ˶ѡ
ûİ취ֻܼӿܾһƳɭ뵽Ԫ֮ڣͬʱҲӿ쾧ٶȡ
£ÿһ⣬ڳž޴Ŀ飬һһεĴˣһһε޸ѭ֮У壬ܵͬһǿʣۿɼٶš
ˣÿһҲǽĥܹĸо⾭ƵҲڷۼϮһһ׺ۣЩĹһѷ
꣡
Ž쾧Ĳ룬ӵɭҲԽӵĺ޼ɵһƿֱ֮ϱѿһɲĿѪ籡µĴ齶ȾһƬ
⣬ֻǿʼѣţţѿһʺĿӣѪܳѪˣԵĺòˡ
Щȴδţ岻ѣҪģǽЩŰɭԪ֮ڡ
ѭ֮£Լ˰ңϵǿ쾧ǱȫˣҪģβѣԪڵĽ࣬Щ޼ɵɭҲѾʧȥŵͷֻܹԹԵı뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
⣬ֻǿʼѡ


532 Ͼ
ںϣأϴαں֮ʱǹĪȣƾԳŲȥ
ԣںϣлһη
Ӧò°ɣ
ĻµĴȫ޸֮󣬷Ʋǳ˳ĺ˿΢ĬĬٴܾԪڵĳɫƶ𣬳֮ϵö˸ɫԵײȥ
䣡
һƵĺӷڴ˳õ̾ССǾ
С˸鶯峺ӣ΢΢ͷѪķƣڣһƬɻ
Сһһۣȥ۾£粻һ㣬֮϶š
ʱǳΪսڣɫı£ɲͬײһ𣬻ƣĦװϵıŷһɹϵĴбŷڵһУһ˲ܵ˲̶ͬȵĴˡ
䣡䣡䣡
첻ϣƵҲһһģֽһһڵѪϵĴǰĴȾĴһƬ
ҵײ£ƵҲǳһѣѪЩѷв
ĿǰʣǳŲסײ
ˣ
ڷƵƺҪѵʱؿλãһͼ¶˳ӨӨ˸˸һĪϰסõ˾紦һӨӨĹ֮һ㣬Щѿ˿ڣûмѿһ˺£ĺۼ
ͼ
ԭŵģӦ̵ʱڲǳ׵ķȥ
ͼѣ޿ܣĳûͼĳܷΧ
ֻǣڵĳʹȴҪԼȥܡ
䣡䣡䣡
ƻڵһУֻܵũҩϵҩԲ޸ƻ޸ٴս
ÿһ࣬⣬ܵ˵ʱҩԱǻ֮̽޸Ȼظѭֹ
սľʹȻǵʹǣÿһΣǶʹõķƵҲǲסĶţУҲأѪ
ʵ̫ˣʱܹܵķΧĺôҲǲԶʣôɱţţȻ仺ӹɣ³֮󣬷Ƶʽһ̨ףںƷƷ쾧ʱǶ˺ͺˣ
ɱ䣬ڻĽţһ־սȥضʤһξķ˵żҲûȥעЩʹȫǷѰһ˿֮ϡ
䣡
Լһʱңڣһ¡Уһֱ۲ŵķƿһ˿Ĵڡ
ֽȻͬײ֮䣬һķ飬ĽȥЩɢҲΪԲ֮ͬʱٴײٴη飬ôһδεײЩײ֮вֽ֪˶ٴΣڣѾֽǧεײһȴûٴηֿɫϾһ㣬ǿ
ںˣ
пϲֳһ񣬿Ͼ˿
û⣬˲ûųֱӾôں˽ȥд󶨣ٴѰϾĴڣͬʱҲӿԪڵĽײٶȡ
һεںϵУƱˣҪЩͬԵϵķֽ⣬ֽǧΣпܳһ˿ںϵ
ԣҲɣ֮ϴΣҪʹࡣ
״̬УʱĸͬǼģˣƲ֪ȥ˶ʱ䣬еĳɹȴΪ˶ϾɫϵĵԽԽ⣬ٹһʱεںϾҪɹˣ
ˡ
ڣҲ֪˶ãϾ쾧һ죬ֱӾںжԲĽ
ɹˣ
ö˸ϾӨˣӿһɿϲ֮顣
ںϳɹ
ʱڵˣѾӵ˱𣬽ϵͬˣ̶ܳȣֱƼƷ쾧
ؼнף
ٴܾ֮ʱƱǷ֣ڵԪٴ֮࣬䣬ϵԪҲ˳ңϵУҲ𽥵г͵ļ

ںһƷ쾧ĺôǾ޴ģʱƲʣܾǾ磬ǵõ˴󻡶ȵ


533 ´

һԾƴӴԾĶһֽţڱǱһ֮ĦĴ죬ͬһ㣬ϵ쳹
¡¡¡
ֻ΢һȭһװڷ쳹̺ǿǵĻԽԽţһĴЦԷڴ͸˳ȥը죬ྪĿ⡣
ЦϵЦݱһɫչɫҲûһ˿ܷ
һЩϤȣĵ׻ϣõĺֱӾͼֱ̰Ӿʹıǿ籡˳ӹޱȣõϢĴ
ɣ
ȵĳ嶯Ѿİˣ֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ
û뵽ٴ쾧Ȼаõޱȵơ
ѵÿں϶оа˿ϴ϶٣ǲܷйȥҪı
ϴߣ߿ûһߣ
ʱȴһɻ뷨ʮһҲûԼôѵҪȻҪôҵı
ѵûн֮ô
ڣƽֱӾˣһ˫ǿײϵ°һ˫ҲĳһƬϾȥ˼֮
֨£
ʱȴˣһǳɫȹһĮ˽
ԼžһȴƨƨߵȥǸаʥŮᣬǺ꾫ջרҹõܹܵˣ
ԭһŭɫ߽ǰһĻ֮󣬶ʱһ͡
ٴο˫ĳʱȻһĲӿһɲõԤУºһҪ˳䡣
𣡡
ͳĺԷƵĺ˳ѹֹõѾȫոɾǿȵһ˫ͫ鷺Ȼݡ
ৣ
һֱ̤ӳԣһѽ֮˽źֱӱǽŷ˵Сס˱淼
飡
Сǰ㣬ֱӾڻ͵Сͷ­֮ϣ΢ƿСһǲټԾѡá
ڣһŮܿͳ˽룬԰Σһ󣬷ڣһĻɫٴݣ׻Ӱڴϲϵķš

ǿܣɱһ
ǵڶٴˣ
ֻţеŭ޷ƽϢ
תͷ֮󣬱ǿһ˫Ǹھεӡ
߶֪ôˡ
Ϊ˻Ƶ𣬶ʱһĨɻеŭ𻺻ţǰһĻõŴС졣
꣡
һָֻ֮ϣͬɫĻâƶ𣬳֣죬ɫֲͬ
ҵ⣬ԣ츳ƽ衭Ҳʣ̤;ںϲͬԵ쾧ǿʣȻֻ·һ
䣬͸¶һ䲻ǺϵĲ˵š
ӵʣ⾿ңǲң
֪ǣҲȷΪʣԲ˽Լ
꣡
Ǽȴ㵵Ŀע£ȻͬԵȻĽһ𣬱һϾ
ں˱𣬽ϵԵںܵƷ۷쾧
ƺޱĽţû˿Ժζ
˼ζͬ
ޱ𾪵ʵ
СӵеĿ϶壬壡ƴʱ˼ȴ˵ԼҲͬ϶µʡ
һ򶾴壬һ쾧壬֮Ϊơ
ԷƴʱıʣƺҲ˿϶壬ңһΪںϲͬԵ쾧
û
΢ĵ˵ͷ
ȴһ뷨ֻ£Լʱ϶廹ҪƿأΪǵ˽գδȷԼܲƿĴڡ
ңں쾧֮ȴһ׶ˡ
˵ţǹŵľǿɬھΣ߶Ρֻ£ǸʱѾͻҷˡ
ųŵӣ߻ı˫һеϢǷŭ˫
һʲô˼ԼǸôңƾʲôÿζҪԼ
Խ룬ԽֱǲˡУ
ң˼ﲻҪ͸¶֮Ҫں쾧ʱ򣬻ô
ȥ
޳ĳȣԥһ˳ȥĳ´ȥ


534 ̹Ȼ
ţǶĳһȭߣڼ䣬ĳҲǳϣвϵķҵĽк֮飬ۡ
ֻǣһƤû£Լһ˫ȭЩͨ죬͸ʹ
쾧ĴԷƴʱ˵ûиͼѰΪ޷˵ֺ
ȭӲ
й˴Լһʱ߲ͣڵϣ˫ĬĬᣬʱõķ޴룬İοû˿ЧõԽԽࡣ
߶ˣҴ˻ô
߶ҰɣҰɣôɣǱٿˡ
߶ҸɱҰɡ
߶
ȻƼӶץģһ߶û˵ũҩ䣿
ţ
ԭΪĸֶ۾Щ״ˮ͸¶һĨ𺳣ޱȴ㵵Ŀŷơ
Ǻǣ߶㲻һֱҪ֪ôڵҩ䣬ũҩ䣡
ͬ滨ƵȥСĨϸϵۣĽš
ʲô㾹Ȼ̳ũҩ䣿
߿оȻһʱȴеıˡ
ũҩ䣬еҩ֮ʼ
    Ҳ˵ũҩ䣬Ϊĵһҩ䣬ң˵Уũҩ֮ΪԶ֮ʱ֮֮ΪΨһһʥҩ䡣
ڣƾȻ˵ڵҩũҩ䣬룬ߵ𺳸ж
ҲѹˣһﾹȻܹƽԼڵȶ벻֢֮ĹĲ
Ȼҩ䣬ǿɲ̳еġǣӵд˵֮ʣȻԲܼ̳ũҩ䣡
ѵ
һ𾪵Ŀǰƽӣ֮ڣǲ˼ɫ
һȻӵ϶֮ϵ֮壡
ʱһȻҲѹһһֱֵļˣңֱִ֮һֱڣ
ŵ֮мأһ˵֮ˣһƺ֮
ÿһ֮ǶǺἫһʱе֣ţ֮ǰһλ֮ȻԿһλŵ۱ʥ˴ƽ֣ʱ䶯磬Ծ
ͽֲ۱£˹Ų֮ڣ
ǣÿһλ֮󶼲գ֮е֮ȫԼ档
Ǻǣµû
ЦһɣûΪ֮Ķ˶еȻ

ʱ΢һ
ǰһȻһ֮
ӵʣѾӵվ۷ʸ
ˣѵ䲻Լô
ԹŮӢۣǿΪ䣬ʣĸŮӲϣԼδķλۣ
һʱ䣬ĵ飬һС϶
֮ûʸΪԼķûǸʸ
Խţеķ߿ȥ
߶ҷƵӣ㣬ûܹı䣡
֣˽ӵ뻳УᣬõһĨ糺졣
ߣ˭˵ģдӦô
ƺ뵽ʲôһƿ㻹ȥǸ꾫ɣҿʺÿ㣡
һ뵽£о
꾫
ǳ˳飬͵߶ˣˣаʥŮûʲôң˼ҲûǸ˼
ƴŵĽǰһ͸¶ӦǿӵԼӵе켶۷ͫԲƵƵעȴΪǶ֮кøˡ
ȻƲ˵ΪϼĹĲ֮ƺıˣҪ˵
ߣ˼Ǻ꾫Ĺ㣬ǲǾʹˣ
һȣվǲģȴǱֱӶסС졣
Сɵϣˣ׼СҩһȥӰħ̽ǣȻʽĳס
õз߶ʱʧأӲӣҲ
⣬Լĵ׵Ǹô
һҹ˵޾黰ӦƽȵԼڲõˣҲ˵һĬ˷ƵĴڵλ
ˣȴǾˡ
ں쾧֮ʱһֱ׶ˣǺӾ鷳ˣǲȻ
󣬷ȥһУҪȻܾЩƷ쾧˳Ա۱ɵļ۸˷ơ
ֻǣ쾧Ҳǲ࣬飬һ£һУƷһ飬飬һϣһУˮԣƷһ飬һ侧͹ˡ


535 󻡶ȵ
ڶ죬߻ˣҲ֪ǲǵһ˴˻ӳǽôˡ
ߵĵƱóһ쾧ʼںϣһҵʹ󣬻쾧ֱ뵽֮ڣûپԪУͬʱҲˮɰĽླ磬ܾȻδؼ߽ףҲǴ󻡶ȵĵõƣӦƷ쾧Ҿܽؼ߽ˡ
Ҳͷˣǹɼµ֮𣬲ûٴεõЩڴķΪ֮Ȼ
ô£
ֵ˰죬û˿ĶõķƲЩйʵһ۲ԶЩ̻̲Ľˣû˹ȥ
ѵΪͬ⣿
ģƱ뵽Ļ쾧ûоԪУֱΪȡˡ
⣬ܾĹؼڡ
ٴһƷ쾧֤ʵ㡣
ȻͬԵǲֱ׶˵ġ
⵹õķ˿ȻԺ㻹ǻ޾鷳˵þͻǻ
ɨһǴɻɫˣ֣óǿˮ쾧⣬֪
ʱ󣬷֮ڣǳԵϢ
һͬһֻСèһſڷƻУڷǹ̵֮ϣǿ
֣Լƺָоƽš
ΪĻǸ⣬Ƕٰ㰮ܰ黰õķ𽥵ıůǣ֪ʲôʱһ۵Ļȡ
Ȼ߲֪ԼĸоǲǰǣѾĬԼеĴڡ
˺죬ƶûгţڷһֱں쾧µ侧ں֮࣬ǿһԪУʱ֮ڣǽླ磬ͬʱܾҲ˵ؼ۷壬ڵܣҲֱӽƷĴȣͻƵƷĿܣʣҲʵģٴεõ˴󻡶ȵ
ǿϲģҲڷƵԤϵУ
ȻΪһ׵飬ȣ쾧챦Ķûһļҵ˭ܹô쾧ǰг㣬ֻ쾧ϣƱѾ侧ҡ
ߣˣ쾧ûǵǿʣǸɲˣҷ˼ǿֻҵ³
ң˭ںϲͬԵ쾧
طںϲͬԵ쾧쾧ܽд壬طҲֻд˵еܹ֮
ʱڵѾںˣ𣬽ˮϵˣɫҲϾǱЩңְɫâ˸˸ģڣںֲ֮ͬһĨ֪̣
㲻
ǹͬһĻȣϣɷ
ϵĺôޱȾ޴ģǶõ˴󻡶ȵ٣Ҳ֮࣬оĳ̶ȣնɱһǺ⣬Ҳܶһڶľǿߣû˿İգܣȴûġ
𰡡
ư촽ڳڴȡ
ͻƵ𣬾Ƕ磬Լһ֮
ֻǣǸȴǳٳûõ΢ơ

ں˲ͬԵ쾧ҲǸеޱȵ𺳣Ҳ֪Ϊÿһ֮Ἣһʱͽֲ۱ˡ
ںκԵ쾧̫ˣƾһЩ̥Ϊ֮̾
һܹǿǾԭģ
ǰˣǳɳǱضǻΪܹı½ֵˣ
˼䣬Ȼ両ֳһĨڴ

ʣʱ䣬ȻҲ˷ѣȫ档
طȻ£ңǻΪɱﵵĴڣƾžطӡܣܹٴʮֻµʱܱ켶
Ҫģǲ͸طܹĶĵز
ʱ䣬Ҳ׽һЩüĿʱһһȵڶڴĿˡ
Ϊʥ᳡λñ㱻һɨգ˵ңǳϵÿһλãǱ˵ܹӵ볡ʸˣǶǼĲ򵥣ңǴܣҲһܹӵһҡ
ɼǻεȵĻ𱬣
ˣΪʥʥĹ⻷֮£챦ȴԵôİ޹ˡ


536 ƴ
һ죬˶ǵȵĺ࣬رЩǣѾܾûгԹȴĸоˣҲֻͬλȼʥ
ȵſڵʱ˳ӿͬɽѾûһ˿Ŀ϶ֻſһС˽֮ڡ
ԥƱǳСȥ
鷳һá
·סֻóѵл͸¶ǰȴû˿ķӦǣõķЩơ
һã
ͬףһƬ쳹رǷΧһЩˣǽĿϡ
վڷǰǸתͨݵķƣɫֱȥ
˵þãƾʲô㣿
˵ţڶ֪˷ƵΪ֮еĹ˼ҲԺ
ΪȻὫһླ˿
Ҫȥμᡣ
ƵɫҲ䵭Ҳô
ǣ㣬ȥμ᣿
Ҳû룬ֱЦ
˭֪ܹμˣݣǸǼ򵥣Լôһƽ˵ԼҪȥμᣬȻš
˵أ
ɫɵȻǹһĨЦ⣬֣㵵Ŀ£óһĿӡšһʮš
ĺƣ˼Ҫһҵģǣǻᱻɣƻˡ
ˣһƱѾõΧһЩעĿɿڴû뵽òӵ볡ʸ
ѩʦ
Ⱥ֮ϳ˷ƵݣߺʱڶྪȵĿ⡣
ôһƽӣȡаųʯȵĹھʯ̩Фʦ˵ʱѩ֣ʯ磬ѾǹΪˣаųǵˣ˶֪ôһλʯʦĴڣ
ΪܻԺʯ̩һͷֵ侧֣
ԣƵݱع֮ǰһɫֱৰףǸ
Ǻǣ޷
ƵЦһ⣬ֱ˽ȥߴӳóСſȥ
ŴʮɫĮľװͬһվΡ룬磬â۾ӥϵȺ֮ɨ
ɨһۣбһ١
Щ͸¶ϢûĸľվڵλߣϢԾѾ𾳽ﵽĳ̶ȣ
˻
Ʋɵĵһ
óŵˣ𣬿ǼΪǿᰡֻ̣ʥҲ޷⣡
УǸʲôĴڣ
Ʋˣѵ仹ʥ֮ϵڣ
Ҫ֪У˵һޱ⣬һֻ׬һһεᣬˣô᲻ۺأûгǿڱ֧ţ㲻ˡ
ſڣƱǱʾĺ֮󣬱Ǳ˽ȥ
߽һŻ𱩵Ůǰεεһģλˣμİɣ
š
ӦһֱӽƵ˹ȥ

Ůһ֮󣬱ǹĽƻ˷ƣĵһЦȻתˮ߰֫ҡڳΪ˵ػȣþӲõСЩðа
ŮòƶרžνԼм·Ŵ̰ɡ
ջڷ˵ȴǴ󻡶ȵĽͣĹǵħŮߣЩŪ̬ŮȴǲôۣЩˡ
ͨЩ谵˳һֱߵͷȻת䣬ʱһһ򳡰Сأǳ˷֮ڣõһ
أκҪӴλԼǼȫ侧ƽ̨Щۻ
ˣĵȴĿʼ
Ůټĳش˽ʮӣڿұߵһСĵطָͣһϯλŷ΢΢һЦǹˡ
߽ǿҲ޵ΣһƨȥĴõֽеĳ嶯
õķƲпУȻǲƴְƤëëȣҲңȫʮλһ۵ĿУȴڲλϣ
ֱִʣֻҲֻܹĳˡ


537 ׼
᳡ϣڣʱԽԽ࣬Ͼⳡؿܹʮˡ
ܽģɶǸŴʥҲˡ
һƸ߰Щ欵Ů£ֱӽ뵽᳡ڶĹڡ
һЩڵĴǾֻ᳡ˣǵλãҲǵһڶţǳǰ
ǰǿеĹֻʥص˱˵ʵڵλϣû취ȣԣ᳡ϣҲû˾ʲôס

ƱĿ˽Сʱһڳ֮Ʋ۾
𣬳ĳҲ𽥼Ŀ⣬Ͷ̨ϣۻȡ
ʱһʦ˱Ŀ֮»̨һЦеվ
Ҫʼˡ
ɨһΧıľ޴󳡵أƵ૵˫УԴЩڴ
ĿҲȷҪ쾧
ǺǣλҲǵȵЩͷˣȻˣҲͲ˵Щ滰ˡ
λŻεߣЦеɨųںѹѹͷڳлصţȫ
Ϊһḻʦ֪ŵЩҪʲôԣǿĻʽķϻܣֱӱȥȻһֵȷǲúȲʣǰŵĴǣ΢΢˵ͷ
ΪһһȵᣬУҲȻλʧ
֣ᣬڿʼ
˵Ļ£һĻ𱬵ŮһȥȻǸһ˿񣬲ڵ費â͸˳
ৣ
һѽ⿪˿һԼĴָСΣ˸ų׻â龧ǳ˳
һ챦龧ôλж濪ʼ׼ʮ侧𣡡
̣ɨȫЦе˵š
һ챦Ȼ龧ңСϴηƿǿ֮ȻҪȤˡ
Ͼرʥɲ侧ܻȡģ˵ϴ󲿷˶Ǳʶһ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򡭡
ܿ죬ϱ˽м۵ĸ߳ڵһŵһλڵһһʮ侧ĵá
¼ǿʼڶ챦̨֮ϣǿʼЩۻҵֱ似طҩģ쾧ͫҩ֣ջĵɫŮ֣һĵ˸߼ۣ治Уʲô
УҲһƷı쾧ԣһƷԣһľԵƷ쾧һǻȥһʮ侧
УҩҲ²٣ϡ伶ģΪѼֻȴûгҩ⵹õķЩ΢΢ʧ
Щڹҵһֱûг֣ȻЩǶǲȱ٣Ҫڴ˸߼۹

һ̨ϻȻǿ⣬ðκǿ⽥̨ϣ׷ǰ̨һͨͨ죬һ鶯ƵĳǳǰʱһЩ֮
˽ƣΪ׼ǣλɱС׼ƵĲиߴ챦ϣֻΪʱʦʧܣԲΪ׼ǣܣʵѾܱһͨ鷲ˣ
һճĳһһưڶ𣬽ΧĿռ䶼յЩŤγһ޵ĵֻǣƺ̨Щ⣬ԣϵ¶ȣû
ϸĽһ̧֮ͷڣЦеĵ׼һ򾧣λɡ
׼ô
ǰѳĳҲЩȡ
Ȼ߱ȴǲ׵ʹã޷桯ȻǱ׼ƺǲ࣬ңⱦΪʧܣֵʵѾõĲˡ
һʱҲǲġ
侧ѾûʲôˣǲȥԼôһЩ
һʮ򣡡
ֱӿڼʮ侧ҪǱ¶ڱصõľģ󣬾һᣬʮ侧ĵΪƵ׼
ܿǹȥûעôһںŵСĶ̬
ţһѰѵһ챦ʱȴ֮ͬõۻңӦӲϾ
ͬʱҲΪʥԣһЩ˲ǽ˶䱦˳һʢ
ҪǶ
һڷԺõʱһ㶣ۿ̨


538 
̨֮ϣʱʦһһ߳һȴЩһͨģûκεĹΪֲڣȴ͸¶Ị̄ҲΪˣܹϡ
λӦЩİƽǣͷɲһͨ׼
߿ƽڶ⣬ȴǱ¶ʱƽ
Ļʱȫ˵ע⣬׷׶ͶԾĿ⣬Ҳһ˫˫â˸˸ӣƺҪʵȻǲ֮
ľĶļֵãܱ׼
˶ǱŲȴû˻ʦп֮ɡ
еӹɣû
ѵǣ
һϵӶ¥ϵĹڴ˳֮г˲졣
ǣ
нһĳ۾˸ŵľǼ
ǿ֮׵ͷףĽǣǼ򵥵ô
Ȼǡ
΢΢۾˸⡣
ûǣ
ʦ߻ĵ˵ͷţÿν׶ѻһ½ǣΪȪԴǣڻе̣ãͲ˵ˣʥˣϣ̤֮ʱֹٶȫҲǶһݱϣ
ôһ˵˵ȴһЩ
ǵãǺܲǣǿʥ˲õˣ˵˿ôҲûУ߼ã
ˣʦЦе˵ȻǵûԶԶֹЩͨ鱦汦֮һеļһͷܼǣȵͨ챦һ

֣Ĵ˵񾭣һ˫˫۾Ǻ
챦ɲడܵһǶĻԵˣһǵǰʣܹջأ
ƵɫֱӾͳȥ
˲ϣЩôܷŹأϵǼ侧Ǹͷѡ
ʱƴҲףΪСһҪΪ֮ǣ
棬ʦ߲ˣ߰к֮ڿʼ侧ۣ
ĵ׼ۣ˲ʱ÷Ĩһһ
ϴʯ֮ʱģһ侧ʥƬһٶʮҲ֮߰ޣڣЩ쾧һ׼֮ҲͰˡ
м۵ʸҲûУ
ڣƺܻ٤ʥϵһǧ侧ˡ
̫ˣ̫ܼˣ
һǧ侧ǻֵ
ʮ򣡡
ڵһŵһһڼʮ۾ðžʦϵǣƺ±һ㡣
ΧҲߡ
İʮ򣡡
򣡡
ϣм۲ϣֱܿӴﵽ챦ļ۸ޣмǻͣ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʱֻеһڶŵĴǻڻˡ
߰侧
ʱӵļڴһԾһԣһٶ򣬶ʱ쳹һһ˫˫ĪӣȫǿĺŹҷ
ʥ֮ˣȻǲƴְ
ȻأǣϾǴܼǶѣֵӦ侧ңʱֱ֮࣡
߰ʮ򣡡
߸Ҳ쳹һʮϣ˿ĺŹҵˡ
˰򣡡
Ļ䣬ĺŹұٴμӼۣõǵļֵ
ߺŹҵ˻ûٴνмۣǣҲ͸ĺŹҵˣ԰˰侧ĵá
˼λõڵһڶŵĴǿЦ
ȻھϣǿܲЩڹҵˣǣۣȴԶԶûȣ
ʥصĵڵһ
ۣƵǳ˳顣
ʱȷҪǣΪһ㣬֮ʱƣ룬ôһ̤֮ʱٶȾ룬ضٴ
Чõۺ찡
һҪŪ
һվһԵһŮ
鷳ȥ˵һ˵ѩҪõղŵǸǣʲôҪ󣬾ǣ
СĽţǸŮ΢΢ԥһû˿Ц˼Ӧ£Ҵҵ߽һ֮ͨڡ

ŮȥƲǺ˿ţԼˡ
ǹҵˣΪλѵΪô


539 
᳡֮ڣмһֱûжϹϣΪһһ۶𣬷棬һҲһСѣ۵ʸҲûС
죬ˣ
죬Ʊֻ·һ
ʱ᳡ڵǣȻǵһڶŵĴܣҵˣǽмۣˣǵֹͣģǻĵҲ˲յ³
磬ԶеĻҪпᣬߣǾҪߵľ
Ҳǻĵ
ǿΪУһУȭͷ˵㣡
ַΧ֮Уٴʮ侧ĵһԵƷ쾧֮ӭͷϷ
棬ѹ֮ˣ
˵䣬ʦҲ޷ѹеļˣհĵһ䣬ѹ֮˵Ҳλ˵Ŀģ֪˵ĶԲ԰
أ½Ľ֮һʥ˽룬Ҳȥ޻أ֪ģ֮ڵιҶ޼۵ʥӳٵĿ
߼Ǻ˳ڣǽҪľλҶ

欵Ų̊ʱ򣬳ϱһصĺеĿ⣬ǼСһ棬ŵģһƬ̰
˶֪װʲôһЩ׷ԲԵ߸ЩͲסվ󣬸ɫ
һɵѹټ᳡ӿֱӾ͸ЩһͷȵϹŶǹһͰˮ
У
ƺ뵽ʲôһ϶ǴһЩĿ־֮ɫҲκε춯
ǵķӦǲźۼ䡣
ҪģĿǰĻ𱬳̶ռҩ֮Ƿǳĳɹ㲻ȫռȫӦҲˣ
ʱʦ΢΢˫֣Ŀ֮£һ
һŨĻܰ㣬˳Ĵȫܰÿһ˶۾һ֮⡣
λ
һ˸񳹣ۺɫֳ꣬÷һĻ䣬ǳǰ
λûλ
˵Щ˵һμλòԶȵ伮ϵͼ鶯ˣǰĿõ̲סҪȥһЩϹŶֹĶǶۺ컨䡣
ǵˣΨһܻȥϣʥ
ţʦִһУ棬ڷһƬɫҶӣ״ͬʵĳҶƣӨ˸һ֮ڣͬ񳹣һͲǷ
Ҷ
ϣһ󾪺ֻ֮ǣΪǲ㵭ѹڳԶÿǼҪվʱ򣬶һҵȥԣ沢û̫Ļҡ
вãʦǽһСеĸӸϣţһ֮ɨһȫ˵λҲʥˣȱ侧ҪǧҩУλҶﻻƽеģ
ֿǵλõʥ֮İΣԣʵ⹫Ҳֳ
ĻõһϲȴƼӿա
ڲ֪£ѵҪϵȫɱô˭Ǹɱˣ
ûϷˣ
ЩһĶӵˣʱȫйȻаޣȴҲûκΰ취ıֿ
棬λԼӵйĸ඾ҩƼ¼ֽ棬ǻѡλҩ˽жһ
ߵĻ䣬վԵŮǱǶķֽš
ĻƵ¶һĨЦ⡣
֪γϵĶҩȫܲˡ
еУνߣһ˸˵İȫڶռĶҩ
һð
Щֽűռ֮󣬱մһ˺̨ʱֱ볡ٷ᳡ڣ֪Ľţ˵Ļˣû֪˭ĵʥ
˾٣ԣ
ƾڽ䣬żǰֱʱŻһ欵Ů£Ą̊́ȥ
˺̨֮С䣬ڷƽһС󣬱ǽԼĺƽǸŮŮûãűǱˡ
ѩ֣õˣ
һ˽֮󣬱Ц۾ŷƹֿ˵
⣬Լĸǰ


540 ô
еϷ糤ڱʹЩ׶ҩȫԣԸԳõгֵĶҩõǳ⣬ȻҲȥƽʮλʮƬҶȥ
һֻʮֶҩ֮һʮϡ伶Ķݣûռȫˣ˵ҲǶˡ
Ʒ֮ǽǽǰڷϡ
֣ζˡ
ǣдϲУӦһǸоҿеĸоһɵ̣ȫõ΢
ȻǺö
ǣЩ֣оôһ̤лҡ
Ȼǲɶõ챦
ǺǣС¶ѡ
ķ⣬ϵЦݸŨˣЦе˵ţһǣֵ˽˹ģֵܵļˡ
⡭
һ㶣ƺʲôƵģãֵҾ͹ˣ
Ǹˬ֮ˣȷֵýύ

ӴЦԶԷĺøм˼ɡ
ֵ֣ܻһ󰡡
ЦһգϸһݿЦ
ŶѵѩֻҪռЩʣĶҩ
һЦҲ
ףΪǰӻҪôĶҩڶ಻ͬԵ쾧Ǹһãƺֲ̫ܣ˵ڹһǾ͸ӲˣλȵĴڣѾĵˡ
㣬ǰ˼Ⱑ
ûԣҪҪ鷳ˡ
ƿЦŵ˵ͷ
û⣬ֻǱͷȴǡ
üͷһɫҲΪѡ
ͷ⣡
Ǿûʲôˣѩ־͵ҺϢɣ
㣬ǺĵģеΣΪµǷǳ
ֵܾлˣ
ƿĳ˹֣֣ó˹ȥ
ѩ֣ǡ
ϤУһ˵Ҳв
һϴأôܻôҶУǾʮƬҶˣѵҲܵģ
һУֵܵһл⣬һУʣ඾ҩռ
ϵ𺳣ҲЦе˵־Ͳƴˣֵպܻ鷳ֵģʱֿɱװʶ
ѩ˵Цˣֻǣĳ֮
һֿһЦҡҡͷȴѲˣֻһмĵѩַģֵһһ֮ռЩҩģ
㣬ĵģϾ㣬һ
Ͷ
Ц۾ҪģϾ治ҪȥСεʣеʹ㰲ġ
ֵ֣һûһΪߵŮȡЩҩ
һվ󣬷һЦļһ䡣
¶Ҫȥһ˱أֻǣһȥȴ׶༪ٰ
ѩ֣ǡ
ϵЦܿһ
أǿؼͬ׵Ľأȥߣһܹ
ַģֵһеյģһټ
ƳЦһǴ򿪷˳ȥĿ£һ·С
һ˫۾ȴǿһУҴȥ֮ŴӰ˳ٲȻǸ£һ𺣬˸âһ䣬ȥ飬˵ʲôݡ
ǣ
Ӧһ䣬΢ƿ𣬱ǻָƽһվԭء
ǸˡȻʥ
һ켸ڰעĶ̬һ죬ҲֻӴ˷һˣⲻòˡ

ٴǼԺӣ糤ͤһܵ裬һģƺá
û˵ʲôɣ
ã糤ϲŻĿڡ
ûС
ҡҡͷΣԤƵĻռЩҩѾʮλʮƬҶļֵˡ
ǣ
糤һһʥ޼۵ģܶٶҩҲ̫ռô׬ˣ
һ뵽ֳɣ;۰ʥӦȫƿԼвǣ
ǡ
Ӧǡ
㻹£
ߣ糤üͷһ
糤ϣλֵܻռʣĶҩ
˵䣬óһУݵʯϡ
ʮƬҶ
ϤУ糤ЩļĴ򿪣ǰһ
⻹ʥˣ
¾ͽȥˣ
ɫУ糤ϰ˵
ˣͶл糤ˡ
΢ЦŹ˹֡
λ֣һ֮ڣռЩҩȫ⡣


541 ʧ
Ӧĸɴ࣬糤Ҳ΢΢죬ɨһ۴Цĸлɡ
糤ϣĳ͸ˡ
ţȥɣ
ȵߺ󣬷糤ϵ˵еУɫ÷ңھȻ˵زҪά֣
ǧʱѣʧ˵۱ʧȥ˵ʱҫ۵ţ۷壬ڣλѾ᧿Σò˵Ҳ컯Ū˰
۱أѵıʧڽ֮ô
糤۾ھȻ
е۱𣬷ܵأǧ䣬ҼǷ˴½ûܵõκϢЩϹŶð֮ڣҲûܴе۱ϢõķҼѾˡ
֪ܴܲҪһöι
ţ糤վ΢ʧԭء
λҶֵģţΪѩûιĴڣ

ƻصջûʲô˵ע⣬ϾʱǵؼʯʦѣĿǰĳϣݣֻζѣû˻ỳʥ֮ϣңһֱڲμʯȣҲʱȥռЩҩ
ţƱǼ߰ڷڣˣǱȻȻĹ߳һĨǳǳЦ⡣
߶ĿǰռĶҩʮ֣ţʱ򣬾ȫռȫˡ
֣óöװжҩĽָݸߣɨһۣ߱ĬĬ˽ָüͷɶࡣ
зƳֻ֣ռһֶҩ֮ѾǺܲˣΣȻռϰ֣Ѿõˡ
ռꣿ
̧ͷĿ
Ǻǣˣ£ͽɣ
Ц⣬гᣬе£ѾӦæˣʱ򣬾ܽҩ֮ȫռʱûϻǾҪȥ£Ὣռҩģ
Ŷ
Ӧһ縺صĺ˿ǲĿŷƣ㡭ѵҪȥأ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ΢΢һЦĺˣܽȥѵΪһܹѵסҲɣ
Ŷ
ȻôӦţ߻ЩǣȴҲҲ
һȻܹأҲܹ뵽أ
ţеĵǱǷŻࡣ
߶ģ
ͷЩڨڨʵ

̧ͷĿ뵽һ·ҲȻˣ֣óһͼ˹ȥ
ٺ٣
ƺЦչ˵ͼͱǳˡOΣ⡭Ҳ̫Զ˰ɣ
Լа׳ĵͼϣа򣬴ߵһǣռλãԼҲһָ״СѣУ󲿷ǸʳʥɢڸǣҪȥıȴұһǣľ룬ңԶҪȥ۷ٶȵĻҲûʮʱ䣡
ңԶõķֱӾɵˡ
һʱܹϵģ
ʱŮԼҲһʱˣɲʧԼʱ
ѵԼͽϹȥô
ûĵһۣĵĿ£ǲźۼ䣬Ž͵ÿųǶӵһԶʱĹܹգϵһʱ㹻ˡ
Ŷԭ
ƴ˿ʱˬǰĶ˵ˣвһĨȣ䣬ĳ˽ȥ
ƺеһжѾУʼ䣬ȻԶɢģֻ㣬䣬һУôô̡
ȥһеӳ˼ֻ˫ߵˮӵĴڣƺȻڣȻ棬ֻΨһ
Ƶǻȵ˫ӿ糺죬һʱ䣬ޱߣͷȥȥֱ˫ӡ
ȻҲֹһˣҲĬĴڣǣȴûȥһС
һ㣬㿪˹ķơ
ʱ㣡
仰ƮȻ𣬳ȥ

˵ȥõķˮǳ˳飬Ҫһô
ƲƲǣţǳŴȥ˫е˼·ԺһƺĵһľԵ쾧
ôˣ
һʱ䣬ںޱߣЩó쾧ԸԳʱһгɿˣֻƲֵ


542 ɱ
ҹ䣬īڣֲָأ˺ڰУаų֮ڣĴĵƹӰܶҹҲƽ
ڣڴϣϣһ㵭Ө⣬Ị̄һĹΣء
һԣС̾۾£ƺУֻ˯⣬
СССצץϵǽغɫǣ۾ƺڸӦ̺̣֮ϣҲЩ¶ңһֱǴʧ֣ʧ֣ѭ״̬
ˣ
Ƶȫ񣬶ǳɾɵͼϣϸϸĸӦɢ̣׷ѰɵԵɣ󷨣ǣӰԪƣԡ󡯵ƣ鼺á
󷨣ⲻһܹģ٤ʥʯĹ̥ȴˣ˰ܹʮٶȡ
ʮʵѾǸˣһܵʮ꣬ʮܱܵ꣬һλʥ˵ĹףɼǺεȵ죿
ǣȴǲ״Ҫ͸󣬸ٵԪܸڷӡ֮ϣԺ£ڷڳԸ졣
ʱƵǸŰڵһϸϸĸӦÿʱÿ̵ı仯Ȼϸϸļ¼
һԣһС·ͬȴв֮ͬһ·Ҳڻĳš
أ
һ죬ȫСһ٣׵ĻΪޡ
һε¿ʼ
һδεʧܣƲû٣ǰʱ䣬ڣСѾǲҪȫˡ
һֱҹһУ۾
ɹˣ
Ƶھ˷뼤һ֣һɾɵͼ¶˳Ị̄ӰؼԪУٵ˹
ȻܹԪˣ
Ѿ͸ԭֻͼƸһܹ֮Ԫˣ
ʹʹ÷ӡʱܹʮٶԪ
ǿϲģ
ңڵķƿɲںʳǸˣ
ʱڵˣѾںϣ𣬽ˮԣҲ˵ʹ÷ӡʱܹǣؼԪ۷ӡ
Եںϰ䱬ܣ֪˵ʱķӡڷѾ켶似ˣ
ţ
ϲһɼǿѹŨŨɷõķƺë˼˫һģ˱Ǽٵĺˡ
ССֻ΢΢һ㶣ǿٵ
¡
ڵҹһͨը죬쳹䶯ųǣȥڵ˱ܹһջķڻֱըѣľмʯĴɽֱӳΪ棬һСӡ
ˣȻаųڶˣ
ѵΪʥ
˵ĵһͷ뵽˽ϳֵʥҲֻʥŻ˵ĲһС
Ҫ֪ڹųڶ֣ǿ൱ڴаʥص˭ôĵ
˼䣬һŷϹŶ𣬴嫺ƣȫƬ֮ϣǰһĻȴõһ͡
һɫ꣬һͨӣֱߣƺڶġ
һ۷壬һΪͣ۷ѣľ磬벻ЩϹŶڡ
ҲʥĴˣõЩϹŶЩȤΪ˸аųڶ֣УǲȤͣһԹۿķչ
⵽ʲôˣ
ǰµ꣬۾֪ԼδˣΪΣɲȴԼɱأ
㣬ǲס
ܿģһƬǵƻͨΧǧ֮ࡣ
аʥѦ񣡡
ѩʦ
Ⱥ֮бϳ˵ݣʱߺҲõķ֪ݡ
죬аųڶֵİ꣬аʥصʥӣѦ
츳ľͲ˵ˣʮ֮ﵽ۷壬Ѿ˵һУҲȷͱ濴츳ƺʥŮɻҪһ֡
ڵ֪һаʥ֮ЩϹŶǸŨŨˡ
һ۷ˣΪҪԶأ
ֻзƣƺ뵽ʲôϱǹһĨЦ
ʥӣôԼѵɽӴˣҪɱɣ


543 дһϢ
ʯȳϵһͣ˷׷ȻֻĿơ
ӣʯϳͷļһҪùˣЩˣ͵ˣ
ѦҲǹƵģΪаʥصʥӣ츳죬˵аʥصʥǣʥŮɣȴǶӲɫõ޷ܣԣɽӴˣߵĽ֮Ĩɱ
Ҫˣֻģ˭ӽ˭
ԣŻѡʱаųڶ֣
ͨ͵ݺˣɶԸȥӽǲӽԼõѦжʻա
Ѧʥӣˡ
˫ŶʻӣΨпЦ
̫ԩˣԼʲôҲûȴᣬǻһĪļһҪԼء
бô
ǵȾŮ׬ˣﻹһ㣬ԼȴʵʵģʲôҲû

Ѧǳ˳飬Ŀͬһŷƣбǣʱһͬѹʹŷ˳ǵذĳŷѹ˹ȥ
Ȼڷˡ
¡¡
ƾϯռ䶼Ǳһװ죬ۿɼͬһ㣬ŷƾϯ
ȭ
һ䣬ɫϾ˫ӣؾıȭȴֻ֮Իѣʱõɫٱ䡣
һѹõæˡ
ն
֣óõǱ׼ƣԪһԥն˳ȥ

ͬɭİ׵㣬ͬһѼһ㣬ֱӽܼ롣
׼
ŷǵųεĳԶ˶ǴһĨȡ
Ǽֵ侧Ķ
ףСӵǲ
ϣһϹŶˡ
֮ˣն۷ѹ㣬Ҳκ˶ܹĵģ֤Ĳ
ģ
ƺǸӦΧһЩ޳Ŀ뻰Ѧһɫȥ
аʥصʥӣδʥõһڻǰQûˣ
ȥ
̧֣ƺץһ貵գּ䣬ŷ˹ȥʱ׹ռ䶼ǵ
֮ǿ˹
ն
ƲҵԪпٵۣгնһܴһܣӭȥ
ã
һӴһǿƥϢֱӽնշޣһ˲䣬ֱҵײڷƵţʱһѪֱҲȥ
̣
һ죬ֱӱȥѪ죬Գһӡ
һ֣Ѧ֣ʱΧһЩһ˫˫𾪵ȫϡ
һ̫ˣڹųڶ֣һ뵽ݣ˱Ȼ׷׶ǱηĿ⡣
ѵаʥصˣΪС£նɱԼʥӣ
ԲܣҲǸͷѣ
ûľˣ
һ۷ˣôһܻܻţ
аʥӹȻպаʥغˡ
ֵܣһϹŶоľâпλϹŶҲ΢΢ͷ
ܴһȺѡʥӱΪʥӣ츳Բ򵥣дţʹδܹһ·ǬһѱĺѡʥȫĸԸ۷
ףǼһƺû
һϹŶɨǸӣЩૣţǱǹһĨζЦ⡣
ɣ
ЩϹŶ⻰ɨǸӣʱ϶ǹһĨĻȡ
ƵȷûֻеҶѣϵĹ׵ȫ飬õڸܴΪأũҩ£Ѿۿɼٶڻָˡ
ʲô
˽ԾѦӸǳ鴤Ρ
ǰ֮£һҲᱻ۷ˣȻܻţ
޷ţɨǸ֮ǵȷӦһĨ΢Ϣڡ
Ѧĵˮӣϰ̬ȴû˸ҳʲôǻ
ȿȣ
ڣƿȳѪɫҲĽ
ˣ
һԼ޼ϣңûз֮
ɱң
ƻվ˸ӿֳһĨ񣬡ȻɱǾɱ
֣óǿƷ쾧ֱܾ
Ҫ


544 ܺǰ
Ǵڻϵӣ˶Ǵ㵵Ŵͣһ˫˫Īڣŵľǲ˼ɫ
һ۷壬һƣûǾѾ漣ˣǣȴڲ̵ʱڻָȾѪĻ˶Ҫǲܴˡ
˼ˡ
ϣһϹŶͣ۾ȤĿһĻķ
Զ׼۷ˣҲǿȥǰ򵥡
쾧
ǿƷ쾧ޱı¶˵ǰǾľ
ѵȻаʥಫô
뵽ֿܣЩ˲һ
һҲ̫Ϊ˰ɣ˵аʥˣѰһˣǶ׵շʮ۷壬һȴаʥභ·
ܺǰɣ
ĨȥǵѪ䳹ǵ³
Ŀ֮£Ȼûб¶ʵݣǣȷܵص裡ΪһЦᣬҪԼɱӺûԼС
ʱŭˣһѣ
㣬ʸ񣡡
ŷĿ⣬ѦüһмƲƲǣɫȴǳȥ
һսҲһ裡
ٺ٣ô
һЦΪɭһۣ

䣬ڵһʱΪ֮ƣƬ׷ɣһ˫˫Ŀ£һֻޱȵֱ¶˳һ鼡⣬ͬһ㣬ѸٵͣǿޱȣлصÿһΧĿռ䶼漴һװ졣
ĺ˸һ˱ϢĹΣţֱ֮ϵѪ͹ͬһ㣬ֱ֮̾ϣõֱֻ۸
ֱֻϣ͹ļ⣬Ȼͬһ㣬ѿһɲѷ죬Ѫȵĳûг֣ЩѷУûһѪ෴ģЩѿƤȻĹָйЩεĵ£ĺ⣬ͬһƬƬһĴڣһּ᲻ɴݵӾ
۵ĳͣƵɫҲЩɲͫڣһѪ˿ӶϢ˾ͬһͷĹһڣ˶ɣģ
ʱ䣬ȫĿΪͻı仯ϣһ˫˫ͫ͵չ֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ
ʲô
ϵЩֵϹŶȫ˶ǾĿֻƬֱۡ
ûֱֻ֪ʲôû飬Щ߰˰꣬ʶϹŶҲδ˹
һʱٴס档
δ֪ĶЩϹŶһݺԣ˶֪⵽ʲô
ѦҲһ㶣ǹɱϢõз㤣ⶶâ˸˸Ҫֱֻ۵ʵ
¡¡¡
ֻ΢΢˦ΧĿռܲסһ㣬ŷһװ죬õΪ֮
ĴܣѾܵһ۷ˣ
һ۷ˣӵеĴȴѾﵽһֱһ顣
ǿ
һϹŶâ˸͸¶ɻ
⵽ʲôؼôδţ
һϹŶҲǵૣԺееĵ伮ȴûҵκⷽļء
ٺ٣
һ˦ֱ֣ڳİõķϲѡ
ףоҲʮ֮࣬Ķ䣬ܹͱһ㣡
õķƳԣ֣ԼԽԽϲǿĸоˡ
㺦ˣ
һƣϷʵĻ˵쳹ʱõѦһѿ
ƾа
ѦӿһĨϽɫ߳ŭһ֣һ貵޷ֱӵĹâǱץУֻһģֱӳŷƴ
ڸղţеȷЩ㤣ֱֻ۳ͬ׶ֵϣȷӦȫԶˡ
ৣ
һȻɵȥӲżһ֣˱ʧ٣ûκεټ
ৣ
˻ûӦʱǳѦ
ȭ
ر׾ӿͬκˣ֮ƺȻ
ã
ܵǰϢѦɫ䣬֣һȭӭȥ
̣
ƬȭͷǴâȭͷҵײһ𣬾쳹аųǣһĨͨĹâбŷ˳һۿɼͬһĳܾϯȥ


545 Ʒ٣
¡¡
ͬը죬ģȫǣһհĹâųյһƬͨŰľϯȥһ׳磬ΧĽֱӽУľмĽʯϫΧΧ۵˾Ԫ
ৣ
̣
һӰԹбϣѪ䣬ֱײ·һջ֮ڣײ䷿ݲǿͣݵڣ֪
ˣȻǷƣ
͵ϮѦǻҵĽУҲܲǾ޴ĳ
ȿȣ
ſڣƱǿȳѪڣһƬɻ
ȭͷӴһ˲䣬оһɼµȴѦȭͷϴݹȭ۵̬ҲоͷȼˣƤܵ˲̶ͬȵˡ
۵һܴ
ǵʲôǻԣҲǽԣʲôأ
תȴ벻ͨѦӵǵʲô󣬸ɵƺܷһУǷʹõۣͼ壬ôһ£ֱۣˣᱻֱӷٻޣ
аʥӣʵֲ˹
ʱϣѦҲǱеƳʮ׵ľ룬ԭЩ׵ɫֱתΪϽɫϵɫĵˮ
Ѧ֮ӣаʥδʥ츳룬˵ͬףԽɱˣ˵Ҳʲô£ڣȴһ۷ˣˣ
ŭڣ˫ĿһƬͨͬգģ˲ֱӡ
¡¡
װһɼĴΧĿռܵӰ죬ͬһĵ
ļһ
Ѧݶҧˣһֱŭţֱõð̡
ܴ裡
ΧĳҲĳ˭Ҳҷκε춯Ϊ˭֪ǰ´ʲô
۷ͱͬأǲ˵ǸݵӸô
ĸѦ϶ܲˣʱ˭Ƿ㳰֮Ʊػӭ籩Ĵ
ҲϧǸӲ۷壬ΣѾˣػҲɣ
ղšСôģ
һϹŶ΢΢۾ⶶ
ٶȿĹ죬޺ۼõڶϹŶüͷ
ϹŶôһ˵ΧȺǰղôģ˲ףϹŶǵ۾Ҳƭˣһܹô
ѦҲϢһü˼
ǷŷӦ̫ңôܻᱻһڱˣ
ƺôƾŲƹģ
ѵ̤У
һʥسϹŶ΢Щ˵ţõһ
ôܣ
˷׷ҡͷ񶨣ǽܲһܹ̤еʵѾܹݵˡ
Բܣ̤Уֻʥ˲һڣ֮ڣҲᱻĨɱ
һϹŶŰ׻ĺ룬ҡͷԵ˵š
̤Уһڵٶȣӹҵ۾
ǰǸʥصϹŶԲã嵭һ
ʵҲԸţǣʵӵٶȣ̤һ㣬޺ۼԡ
Ļõĳ϶ʱİȥûܹҵĻ
ѵǺƷ٣
һȺ֮ڴ˳ԳĿռҡ
Ʒ٣
һЩа֮ԺڶǳֳһϢ
Ʒ٣ǰʱа֮ڣǿǴķзƾڵʵһڵʮŵ׷¾ȻѣƾģǾ̤е
ңдԣƷٻӵһֻްֱۣңߵľˣľĹҲܹܵ
ʱѩƺûʲôֻͬòһѡ
ɣѵѩʦǸƷ٣
϶ʱһ˫˫֮ھǾ¡
һڵʮţʱգҲûԺƷٵ׷ڣȻͷѾаųңˣңʯȵؼĹھǻʯ̩Фһ켶ʦ
ˣͬһô
ഫǸƷ٣ҲֻǸʮɣѩǺƷٵĻ츳ֲ̫ˣ˵Ĺ죬ƺͲаʥѦ
Ҫ֪ƷٿǿߵΧɱӳ죬㣬Ѧܹô

Ѧʵû֪˵ܱе㲻ʵˡ
Ϊ߾޴ĶƬΧԽԽ࣬Ѧɫһ䣬ʹ뿪ֻǣ·Ƕѷ춯õĽŲַ


546 Ϸˣʥ
аų֮ڣʱǱЩң󲿷˶ǳһȥΪ﷢ɱ
ų֮ڣаʥؿйȷĹ涨κڳڶ֣ǣʱǱ˴ˡ
ңֲǣѾȥôãȴûʥصĻӸάץˣֵ˵ֵݲ򵥡
ǸѦ֮ʱ˶ǻȻ
аʥӣЩʥصĻӣѵҪץԼʥӲɣ
ԣӦ˵аʥӣԣҪڹų֮ڶɱˡ
ǵ֪ڵ֮󣬸Ŵ͡
ʯϻõؼھѩʦȻǰʱʢǸ֪ߵغСӺƷ٣
ϧˣ
˶̾ϢƷٵ츳ӹɣѩʦͫʯ̩ôһˣаʥӣֻǻˡ
Ҫ֪ѦպҪΪаʥˣ
һʥصʥǿɶվƬ½۷ˣһʯʦܹģ
Ʒ٣ˣ
˶ô϶ЩϹŶǡ
õδʥԱˣܻỹܴ䣬Ϊʥϵ۵㣬ǱҪĨȥģ

أ
һ죬·ݵķ汬俪ȥһӰԾ˳վڷ֮ϣʱĴһ˫˫ڣǲ˼飬ЩϹŶҲͬ
ôһػȻû
ЩǼʶˣΪķʮа˾Ŵе£ȫˡ
ʱѾָԭģ֮ˡ
ȻѾ¶ǾûʲôöصˣɴʹʹĴһͲţаʥܹ˶ǰƻԼµĹء
ֻҪȫ׷ɱ߻ûκģ
𣬴Ű߰Ѫһۣһֳһɫ쾧һǣվڷ֮ϣȺۣ
ǺƷ٣
Ⱥϳ˷ЩɵˣЩȴ뵽Ŀǰƣɲס˽Ų
Ѧﶯֿԣǿԣ
ңƷѦĵ֣ȥһֻ֣»Ч
һԺҪΪʥˣɱһԼΪͼˣð֣ҪȥƱػЦ󷽡
ȴкܶȻȥȥʲô֪
˷̫ˡ
һϹŶ૳Χŵļ΢ĵ˵ͷ
һͨЩܹ֮һǣ˿аʥӰȻھϻֻ۷壬ʵϣֻ¾ľˣҲ׵Ű
ǣ۷꣬һȴⲻɵõ˼
˴ͬһ磬ǽֻΣ
㣬ѦȻҲ뵽ԽǷַƵĲбԽǷŭкâ˸
ѵ֪ݲŹӽô
ļһ
ʱѾΪγԴˣԼĵλǲɱ꣬Ժĵ·ϣԶһ۵㡣
һҪ
Ѧɫӣһ޵Цݣ֣ƽС
ৣ
һ̤޺ۼٴγֵʱѦеƽһµ磬ֱĺ󱳡
ȥ
Ѧ֣ץһֱ˹ȥȴǷ֣ѾڣʱһɭвϮ˹
أأأ
Ѧ񲻶ϵת򣬴һգвϵĴȴǾգЩȺУһ䷿ݺȻΧǧ׷ΧǳһƬ档
ٺ٣ء
ƲϵԾλ޺ۼ޼ѰõѦް취
Կ֮󣬷Ȼ֪һﲻԼܹӲģһػֻ¾ӵķҲᱻ͸
Ӧ̫
̫ٶˡ
˵ûԷô
ǱˣתѦΧˣŴ͡
һǻ
аʥδʥ
һʱ䣬Χ˶ٴ˺࣬Ǻֵ꣬вš
ܹϷˣһλδʥֺγоأѵ˵ʥӾǺ۸ô֮ͬˣ
ϢԽԽԺڵҲ֪ͬϢ
£ѩʦɲɱ
ɿ֪ƿɻһλ켶ҩʦܹιĲ켶ҩʦǴȥôһλʦаԿҩʦ˾Բưոݣ
ֱӳը첻ϵȥ
ڣҴҵĴǼľԺ䡣
糤ϣˣаʥҪɱѩֵܣ
Զǽлš


547 
¡¡¡
ԭڵаųڣʱȴը첻ϣԭеƽ𣬾ϯԵĺǻҡ
ϣϣӰΧһȦ˵鶼ԵЩ͡
ļһбͣӲһǣ
ѦıȴҲֻͣܲϵĳ
Ƶٶʵ̫ˣе㷴ӦǷƳʱʱ䣬ʤ
׷˵ɣ
һζأԹһĨĻȣеƽ˿ֵĳкš
Ѿ͸ˣǾͲҪ֣ҲҪˣ˵أǲΪöõġ
ǳԴ׶ѣҪأаʥӵΪˣ֪
ৣ
ѦͻȻһУϻһײͣͣ꣬ϵɫһĵĮˡ
Ϊû취ô
ǵĨȣôĴۣһ˫ıһƬͨҫۣûһ˿ĸ¶Į飬ţǱ׵Ĺâ֣ҫۣ˲ֱӣ񷣬ͬһհĴڣ׳Ĺԣȫͬ硣
꣡
һ׳Ĺֶ£õĴʱѦʥޱȣ̫̫߳ӣӵзصܡ
Χ¶ȼһۿɼõ˵ҲЩŤ׵ķݾȼǻΪҽЩɽʯǽҲͨһƬΪҽڵʡ
̫壡벻аʥӾȻӵд˵е̫壡
ϣһϹŶĽеԵޱȵĿܡ
̫壿
ĸۣըͷԷΣһʱ䣬ȫĿⶼǼŰ׳Ĺϣһ˫˫ͫ׶չ飬Ǽ·oһ㡣
̫壬벻Ĺʱڵ壬ʱǧ꣬Ȼٴˣ
һϹŶĿ⾼âӦһؼʵ̣ҲǸеͬƤһһһģޱȡ
ڻĹŵĴ˵Уһ壬ܹȡ̫ľΪã޵Ĵɵ壬ʥҲնɱֱƴۣ
ԣЩϹŶǲŻἤ֣ƲסԼ
ܹɣĻĶ֣ʥ˶ɱϲвһô
˻
ϣʱĴ쳹һƬ
վڳϵģмʶˣ̫ļأҲǿʱѦЩϹŶ϶Ǵ˵е̫壬ǵУ캧ˣҲ޷ƽˡ
㣬ҲΪαʥʥӻ᲻ʱֻǣаʥصʥȴʼգһֱѦеԭ򣬺ʣΪ̫Ĵڣ
֮ˣ޿
̫һ¶ʱȫ˶ǻηĿ⣬հ貵Ĺԡ
̫壿
ǵĻһգüͷ΢΢
Ȼ̫ΪѦʱɢܣȻǳϣԼģ壬Բ򵥡
ԭȻ̫ľ
ԶЩ֮Ҳɵĵһ
ʾȻ˵ǿᣬ̫ľҲܹܣѹ־ȻܳΪ壡
鷳ˣ
Ĺ˸Ѧ񣬷һҲ˿⡣
¡¡
ڰ׳еѦ̤һʱշΧĿռ䣬һŤ쳹ص졣
ס֣
һɫٻӰԶͬɽˮͬȪһļ䣬õе󻡶ȵȥ
ɣ
΢΢˿ȴҲҷɾ衣
ߣ
Ӱ׳ĹдɾȻԼѦжʻʢͨڣǵĮ˼֡
ɨһ𣬻Ѫһֱֻ۵꣬ҲһĨ죬ţһ𣬡Ѧ㲻ɱ
̫Ҫˣҩʦ֮ڵݣ϶ǷͬСɣǵҩʦᣬаʥأǾҲкùӳԡ
Ϊβɱ
䵭ӹڴ˫׳ͨ˫ͬo۾
˵䣬һɫĹεõΧһˣҲҪԪϣҲ¶һĨӨ⣬һµͼ֡
ΪǹųǣѵҪƻʥصĹô
أǳ⡣
ЦҾǹأ˵Ļǹأ˭ҷϣ
Ϊ壬ɽӣһйΪΪʥػһС


548 Լս
㣡
ΪѦ仰ĭϣҲɵһ˪
ĻȴûӵʱʥһϹŶеĿպɣаʥصʥĻȷǹأ
㣬õ޷
ҪҷŹҲԡ
ڰ׳еѦһĮĻȣڣ뵱Ѧ񣬾պķȻҪɱ˭ֹ
޳ܣ
⻰ɽһг˷߿ˮڣҲŭ
޳ܵоľҲǻŭ
һĻ׵Ҳˡ
ѦΪ壬ΪʥӣǣȴǼ㣬аˣҲеţΣȴǴۼˡ
壬ˣһ޳ɣ

Ŀ֮£޳ܣѦһɫҫâͬһգհ˷貶Ŀ
޳ܣ޳ܵ㣬ʥŮʥӵӣȴĴˣ⵽˭޳ܣ˭ҽӽ㣬Ҿɱ˭ɱҲϧţɣֻѦӣ
ŭ˳ȴ˿дʣõ৵һƬ԰ס
ҲͶ˵˼仰ѣôΨҶƢҲѹ˼ɲϴӦˣȻ֮ˣôܾأ
㲻ɱ
˿һƬ˪ͬ¹ӣ翣м䣬һɺ嫵ϣɢ˳ϣѦ١
ΪʥŮ츳ҲǼΪ򵥣Ȼѷ壬ȴҲѵһʣɶá
ÿ
֮ڣռµĺâ¶ΧĿռһ׳Ĺεŷһװ졣
ǣң
ɫĮѦҲһƽͬʳ˼̻ӣ壬ʱѦðɣÿεϮɱȴǱסһսδֵô
ȻҪΪûܶȫ
ΪһˣͻŮô
ͣһ˫ͨͫ⣬ֱŲԶķƣдŨŨĳƺԷƵıָеΪм
ǣ
һмƲƲǣΪаʥӣΪĹһھˣԺôܰôб£ȥЩǰǰԣ
㣡
ѦĲһѪ˳ȴҲĻ
ȷ۷壬ȥ۸һڣȷ㲻ʲô£һڱQôãõΧˣǶǲźۼ䡣
壬󶼻һ۵㣬Զ޷ϴˢ
ģҲֻǰ켫µˡ
ھ磬ͬʥһ̤УҲǼľٶ͹̶ԣ֮
ʲô˼
˫°âɭ䡣
ٺ٣ҵ˼ԣͬףңһܽſ£
һǣǵĻȺζ
ͬ׾磬Ųκˣ
Ȼûƿ䣬ҲǺΪȺѾںԣϾ̫ӦҲ޼
Ҫ֪ʱ֮ڵںϵԣ̳ɣܴˡ

Ѧ貵Ĺâ񷣬ŭаųǡ
һܵ˵ƣҲǵһ˸ҲŷںŵĵĮ벻мıߵôҲܲˣ
˻
Χ˶Ϊ⵨ΪĻһ˶Ǵ㵵Ŀ
ô
̫壬̫ܵĳ̶ȣ쾧ܹģǳƷ쾧Ҳ޷⡣
ԴʱЩϹŶҲ޷֪Ƶͼ
ͬףһָͷҲܽ𣡡
ƴɭݶҪҧˣ޲ҪʬΣҡ
ô
һǣϣĨ޵ЦŨˣȴǴŨŨĲţõѦֱš
һὫΪѹ۷壬ɸһս
Ѧصĺ˿ĸȥ΢ŷơ
кβң
̤ǰһֱӳɸǰ΢΢һЦʥŮζлԺõҺƷٵĵطܿڣ
ƴʦ
ɻǵǵĿü΢
Ѧʵˣ㾳ѹ۷壬ܹŰµǿߡ
ģһſ£
ƵԵƺ


549 ս
ৣৣ
΢һһһƬ֮ϡ
ˣеǸصķ糤ϡ
ɨһ۷֮󣬷糤ҲǲźۼһĨɻ
̫ͨˣֻűϢ֮⣬ǰ꣬ȥûһ˿ȡĵط
߽֮ڣ
лɣ糤ȴû˿ı¶ɴǳǳЦ⣬ɨѦʱüҲ΢΢塣
̫壬ǴɣǿҲǺǵ߽أǾҪˣ
ƾһ㣬ļֵ壬ΪǴ壬أҲûлųĿܣ
ʥ꿪һΣдˣܱһ峤ʢ˥
ȿ˵
糤۾Ǳ꣬˵
ǣ
ӦһվԣȴҲǿǵõӰ
ֻǸ꣬ܵ۷壬˵츳Ҳ̫ʮ껹ڣһߵĳɾҲˡ

ŵĻ˶У֮˶ǴĿŷƣŵ״Ӻζ
ԣ
һ˫˫ӴӷɨԵԪõ˸Ϊɻ
ѵ㻹ô
Ѧֻ΢΢һ㶣ǱǹһĨ֮⣬мĺȵ
㣬ûǸҪ
תֱ˵ţõԭƽѦٴŭա
ţ⼸˵ĳϣӦ飬ǾͲиı䣬ѦĶ𾳽ܣɻõԶ
Ҫ֪ˣɲֻаģ
֮
˵䣬ѦϵҫâҲ࣬ղյһȣڵǳգȻ貣ȴҫۡ
Ѿнʱӡ۷徳硣
ٺ٣
ĻһĮĻȣ֮ڣȼܵս⣬սɣ
кһ΢΢һ˱ͬһ㱩ƬۣǳѦȥ
Ȼȶˣ

Ѧɫһ飬һ֣ץһְ׳գǳֻűϢȭͷӭȥ
ȭ
ر׾ӿ羪캧ˣһװ죬ԥıײȥ
¡¡
ȭͷҵײһ𣬾쳹ţؼһƬͨŲ̋ͬһϯܣΧ׶һƬƽأм
أ
һӰɶֱײµأ𣬶һӰҲǱһξǿͣ
̫ܹȻˣ
˫һţԾ˦˦һƬҴʹֱۣȴЩϲ
ӵںϵܣѦ̫ܣȻǲ࣬Ҳû˿
㹻ˣ
ʮףסΣ·꣬ѦϵɫҲЩͣĿɿڴĿֻްֱۡ
Լ̫ܣΣ͸ղǻǼƷϣҲᱻֱӷٻǣֻƬֱۣȻһҲûУõĸд㵣
Ǿʲô
ף˵ֱۣӲ̶ôڼƷ֮ϣѵͨ鱦ɣ
ɫΧ˶ǿ˽Ծͨ꣬Ȼ̫ܿ壡
ЩϹŶҲǵԲ۾ǲ˼Ŀŷơ
伮֮ϣ̫ܣٻ壬ʥҲͽ಩
ǰһУȴõһɻĸоƾһ˫ȭȻ̫ܿܣǶ컳ֱǲͨ鱦ˡ
ֱۣʲô
Զ糤Ҳ۾˼ãȴҲûҵйⷽļء
꣬ȻǱ濴ȥô򵥰
пһǸע˳ϵĶ̬
̣
һ죬ϣѾֳʮӡ
ৣ
ƴӿԾϽũҩҩԣ۲ǻָ˹̧ͷհĹţɫΪࡣ
ĿǰʵƺûлʤĿԣ̫ռ˼ƣѦֻƾ֮κβˣ޼ƿʩѦҪؼ似ֱǱذɡ
򣿸ôƺӰ첻
룿ҲԹûӽֱӱٻˡ
Աװؾ
һڱǱһװ죬ӵĳۣۣ˾޴ҲЩƺҲЩء
أ
һŶڵϣȭͷǺݺݵײȥװؾޱֱӱ


550 ȫȻ
̣
纣ХǧأؼһƬͨϯΧһУУڡ
ǽӴһɼȵḺ́Ǵ˹ƴ󾪣ԪЩϢʴֻǣںԵܣ֮£ҲֽͬһĴ˲㱻˺ơ
ͼ壬ƾԷƵʣۣҲ̫ܡ
ȭ
ر׾ͬһһһӿ͵˼㣬ѿۼѪȾƬȭ⣬ٴ۳ɵ㣬Ȼı˳ȥ
һȭ棬Ѧо΢΢ɫһͬȵľٴδ˹ʱǵһθоȭͷһʹһɾֱƷ˳ȥƮ˰ײͣŶʮ׾ķƣ׳Ĺ֮УѦһɫǳϽɫ
꣡꣡
һ°Ѿʵڳ쳹Ŵ󣬳ԽһҲȻ֪ǵ֮ڣ¶һĨɫ
֮ͨˣܿ壬Ѿ֮ˣǣһﾹȻ壡
岻ɿ
ǴӻĹűʵϣ֮Ҳȷ޿ңΪ伫µʡ
ͽܲʥ˵һС
ôģ
˶벻ͨһͭҲᱻ̫ܷٻΪξͽܣ
кϷˡ
ϣЩϹŶϵ𾪣ǶǹһĨ޵Ц⡣
аܴ죬˵Ǻ£ȻһҶʥضᱻڽ£̧ͷ
ôһܹѹ壬Ǿ˼ɣڴܹ֮޼ɵ
˹Ȼܲ򵥣
糤ϵҲ¶һĨ𺳣ʱƵı֣ɾǴ˵ܿ壬ⲻ˵ʣô
ʲôʣȻܹأ
˫âɨãȴɿ͸Զ꣬Ǻʡ
ԣ
ԲܣΪӵеԪ֮ܣ̫ܿܣ
⣬ܹģ
ԲܣԣֻһֿܣԼ͸
Լ͸ʣ£糤ϱһ
£Ʒپͺˡ
ⶶ糤ĸࡣ
ʱҵĴ˵ǳΣƾĵ֧֣ʧȥʶʸ񣬾λҲ᧿Σ
ǣһ˼룬ھ̵պ󣬱ضΪ漶ĴڣҾͲóŵ˵ˣ
ֻǣǰ꣬ƺҲܸӣռԵ쾧ֶҩּ˵ҲһӴĴڡ
ȽӴ˵
糤¶˾ģһҪܹ꣬£ĹضҪȫȻǸ֣Ҳһᱻ£ȥ
ѾԼôܷŹأֻҪЩȡĵ
ңҲЩˣȻǵƢǲͰڳ԰ˣ͵ɲǵԸ
ʱһԵɸС΢ţ꣬˫ˮڣһƬ˼ɫ
Ѧ֮ˣͬһԼҲԶԶĵ֣̫ܣɵ
ǣǰȴԼҲ飡ԵԪȻסܵʴ˵ʣ٣̵Ԫܱ֮ܣ
ѹ֣ǵŮҲˡ
ʱɲǻȻΪξǰľҲ⣬䱦ˡ
һһĻ
켶۷ͫ켶ҩʦβ֢֮ڣܱ壡
ⲻǻʲôܳ
Ǿ̫ˡ
㣬ҲõɺΪ⣬ΪΣ츳ȴֻھأ
ҲΨһв֮ˡ

һҪ
ǴŵЦ꣬ѦЩһѹġ֨죬ɭĻ³ɷ磬
ô
ƹһɣмƲƲ죬ȴǲ˿ķɣһ˫۾ÿһ
¡¡
Ѧ˫һӡΧİ׳ʢõͬһգ貶ĿֱӣһɹɷһеϾϯ˷
ӡ
ɫһ˫ֲϵĽһɬӡӡڵľܵǣգ۳һεͼ
ˣ
ΧĿռбһһ̣ǰһĻõ˵Բ۾


551 ս
쵴ܣỊ̄ΧԪƺܵĪǣģڵģƵģ׵ģʱһֻϺɫľ޴ƣϻ͡
¡¡
ʱ䣬ؼǱŷһҵ죬ƣѦǱߡ

ɫָһĪٴγͣΧԪһʮٶȿٵӿ뵽ֻϺɫ֮ڣʱ䣬ΧĿռ䶼һζأǿҪת˹˵˼ֻһֻƥƴڡ
ʲôؼ
һϹŶ۾ɵԲھǴ㵡
ǵΪЩԪĲȻܹĸܵ
ֲͬԵԪ
һӵԣ
ԲܣУҲֻбһ;
ôֻһֿܣһؼܹԵؼ
ҲЩ֣ԲӲ룬𣬻ˮ·ֳԣҲ˵ȴƫƫ˱ʵڹ졣
ĺֻ̨Ҳ򵥣ܿ壬дؼаʥӴɱаʥҲܵıʱѦ񻹸뿪аʥأ
һϹŶϸૣâ˸
ʱûٸСΪƷٵ꣬Щ׷ɱƵӵܣһҡ
ǳɳôԼΨл𣬸ܻҴ棡
ȻʥӶ൱
Լܹģ
⵽ʲôؼΪܹǣԵԪ
ϺɫĴƣ˳˼УǣҲ벻ף⾿ô¡
ߣ
ߵ춯ѦȻҲУ΢΢һ㶹мһߣܺȻĶٴαͨҫ۵Ĺԣһƥգ˫ӡ֮ϳ͡
ԣųǵ¶ȼٵţһۿɼơ
ȥ
ף˫һӣϵձǳŷ˹ȥʱϵ£첻ϣһȵĺۼֱԶķơ
ӡ
ҲԥĽӡ꣬ӡΣһֻ޴ϺɫƱǺڵգȻϺ嫣ѹһУֻΧĿռͬܲסһ㣬졣
ӡ
ɫׯϣֻһģϵϺھƣǳӭȥ
˷׷׺ˣһ˫˫۾ȴײƣǴĳһϸһ㡣
¡
ͬײһ㣬ҵײһͨĹб˳һ޴Ģըװıը쳹أռ䣬ھҵĻζš
Ϊˣ˫ѪɫҰ׵ļˡ
ţ쭷ϯͬХһӿһһĳ˷ӿ˹ȥ֮һзݽУʳм
ϫϮһЩõˣͬǸƼһ㱻˳ȥЩϹŶĽ֮һƬҪƻɾˣ׷ΧڣǳһƬ档
ͣ˶ǿƬ֮ͨһ˫˫ͫ׶ǼٵչǰľõĽԲ
¡¡
սײһ𣬻Ħռ䵴첻ϣһ쭷磬ӴӱŷϯķһƬĩվ
Сӣôܵסܣ
΢΢Ĵ㵹Ѧⶶ͸¶졣
ֻƣȻûб̫ܷٻǵõĸһʱЩܲˣƺǸӦԶЩĿ⣬ɫѿǳ鶯â˸˸
ߣ㻹ΪԼܹסҵ̫ô
ѦһϵٶȻֻ۷壬ǣƣǿҲ֮
ȷʼգһֱûĶ֣⣬ĽӡѣѾõķԳˣ
ǣ
۾һ°ââʢͨһƬǻĹoһ㣬˲ֱӣţһ֣һӡָһһ̫Գû뵽֮ڡ
¡¡
ôһСָձͬ׳һ㣬˲һ֮࣬׳ĹâӿֱǽֻϺھƳʮԶһһֱںˡ
ͣ
ſڣƱһѪһƬȻҲǾҵĲţ˶ڱһεľŲϵĺˡ
ҾͲˣ
һҧҲһĨݾָһһְͼû뵽ֻ֮ڣȷĿ£ؼһεԪܵǣͬһ뵽ֻ֮ڡ


552 ת
ɫâʢϺɫƾҵһûбѣƴǣõǺѪķһϲ
ǰܣ粫һͼ뷭ӡ֮Уȴû뵽ЧԪļ룬ԭķӡѸٵĳӯ˺ٶȣҲǳٻͣͲˡ
ֽĳ棬ÿһ˵϶ǴŲ˼ɫЩϹŶҲĬ
ǵģ޷֪ǸΪƷٵ꣬޷֪ʲôʣҲףϺھ־ʲôؼ
ԭͨ꣬ʱбǷ֣Ŀǰֳ츳ʣѾܱһЩʥصʥˣ
ֻǲ֪ΪΣľΪȴǵ͵ף
㣬õ벻ס
𣡡
ٴαסѦɫ䣬˪ը죬ٴĳһƣһɰ׳âɵġ֣뵽֮ڣʱͬһͰͣƺȻҪһûƵ˼
¡¡
ռҵһ󶶶Ҫأֻǣȴһʯȥ·

ľڴ󻡶ȵı룬һɫҰޱȣϵõЩͷĿѣٸв֧
ƴˣ
ݽҧ֣ٴóǿƷ쾧ܾٵţңûֱӽ֮뵽֮ڣԪ֮ڡ
ҪƳ𾳽磡
ʣ
бŷŻâ쾧˶ϵģôЩ˲ɻԵˣô쾧أô
˶ɻ󣬲ͼ
¡¡
׳Ĺţͬ򣬷ɱһУһֱеĲķӡҲıȲۣ𽥵𽥵ĺˡ
ĻѦǡ
һ֮ˣԼҲˣ
翹ʹ˶ֹˣ
̣
Ѿ񷱻µأվڵ棬˫űֱ˼ӲУң½½Ĵλá
죡찡
мޱȣӿٵе쾧֧žƵۣҵĶţбѵĺۼѪε䡣
Ҫˣ
ĻЩϹŶҡҡͷ΢̾Ϣһϧ
꣬վδ࿹
糤ϣҪҪ
ķѾû˵棬תЩٵ
ٵȵȣ
糤ûתͷһ˫۾ڷϣо겢ûзǣҪ˻ͻƾ磡
ô˵üͷ΢΢վԭأû춯
¡¡
ŷµ棬ҲǱѹ䣬ŵռ죬ֱӱѣȥһѷ쳯˷ӶȥһƬǽ塣
˱û˵£õΪż
裬׵
˻Ḷ̱́Ƚǣͻ磬ǱǺգԾΪߣ
ˣ
ƺǸӦʲô΢΢һϵļ껺ɢȥһԵʮֵƽ
ƺѾӰ첻һ̵Уûκε֮ͬأǣȻһĨɵЦ⡣
ʱֻϺڵľƣҲѾ뵽˵֮£ְ׳Ĺţͬɽѹֻֻܺˡ
ˣ
˼ʶ̾Ϣһ
죬˽֪ηͬʱˣϣ֮ĴڣȻɣ⽫£޵У
ֻǣٳûըȴõɻ󡭡
£ݣҲһֱ³ʱȻ˫ɫƽһ̹
ˣ
ڣԪһֱߣƺڴʲộˣǳ̵У޷԰Ρ
ģһдѣһХţһǴβ׵λȫõһ
һȫԪУ죬𶯣һر̴β׵λݶÿһ֮ڡ
ͻˣ
ǿҵѹ֮£ڽ𾳽硣
ĸо
Ž֮ı仯һԵ۾
ڣȫףֻڵԼôСһָͷܰڵء
ٺ٣öл㰡
µĳݾ˷ƣ̧ͷǿӡѾҪͷˡ


553 
¡¡
첻ϣҫ۵ĹâϵĴǴڱŷ˾챦һ㣬Ķ
ХѿΧҲǳһƬڡ
Ű׳ĹҲ֮ԶЩ˼ʶı۾ƺٿһ㡣
ãըȴǳٳδ
ôܣ
ϣһϹŶ͸¶㵣õЩ۾ٴ˫ǰһУʱõŴͣӺɿɡ֮˵
űѾӵͨգȻٴα˳

ؼ䣬һģ׵ģƵģڵģԵԪγһĺӵ£ȫǳֻ˸Ϻɫ貹âĴ۶ȥ
ˣ
ǿϺƹâ΢΢Ĳһģo֣ܹ֮أһУ
¡¡
o֮һΧĿռǳܲסƺҪѿһ㣬ҵۿɼĵһһ㣬ͬŭһֱ쳹
ڷƴڸֳ֮˽һ㶡
ˣ
ƺǰѹӵģͬһˣ
ͻһˣ
һ˵ľõ˵һ֮ͫ¶ľǲ˼ɫ
֮£Ȼѹͻˣ
ԭֻһ飬Уʱȴôġ
ѣվˣ󲿷˶Ѿﵽûʲôϡģǣ겻ͬڵѾϷˣˣڣͻƵ𾳽ָǺεȵǿѵҪЩʥصʥһ㣬ɣ
Ȼͻˣ츳֮
Զ糤˸⣬ипһԵҲǲסĵͷϣϲ
ʱھϣѾ˽Լӡ۷Ѧ
һ֮ǧ
ʤѱˣ
糤ϸ°ϵĳ룬дһĨϷʵɫ
ȷԺֵܵ츳ڸһ£֮ƽˣ
˵ͷԼ
վҡΧ쭷ȹҲδ𣬿Զһ˫ˮ֮ڣ˸Ÿӡ
ΪаʥŮϣʵѾע˵ģǵˡ
Խţüǽһ

ӡ
ϣѪ߰ߣƥͫתϺҫâֻһ㣬һְͼٴεû뵽˷ӡ֮ڣʱֹâʢŷƵնֻƻ£ȻҪŷɱһеգ
˻
˷ľٶõĳϵ˶ʱһ
飡
ͬĹ޵ŭ𶯲񷣬ޱȵ۸ǲһ鼡͵ıһɹǿƥӿȫǳƴӿȥ͵Ȼս
̣
һͨĹâ͵ı˳ͬ𣬹â貣ϫ˷
âɢȥǰһУõ鱩͹µ档
أأأ
һϲϵĳֳһֻֻ޴ƣǳͣǺԥĳԶһµѦȥһĹæҡ
񣡡
ҳԴף
޵У
ŭӷƵĿ³ÿһȥһ䣬ֱеѦҪѪŭȴ޼¡
ûڵаʥӱһֱ׷Ŵɱһ·ˡ
޼
ѦһĪһҧ⣬һڴ貵ĹâľѪǴĿ˳γһѪգֱӭϺھ֡

ѪգƺļȣײϷӡֱӽ֮ڴһ󶴣͸֣ŷжȥ
ҵľˣǰϢѪգõʱëҪ㿪ǣͷ۵鷢ˡ
Ѫգƺԣ۷ôȴһֱ󣬴вĿĲݵͷ
ģ
ӡڴĳӡڷƵļ䣬õѪղ˿־֮ԿֻܲϵĶ
ѪѪܷٻһУΣСˣ
ϣһϹŶ
嶯þѪҲ˵Ҳ޿κˡ
һϹŶпоϧ
ôһ֮ܿˣǲ䣬պضܳΪ˲õǣȴ壬ѾӲҪɱˡ
Ӳҵ޼
ǵ´ܵӰѦǣһĨĻȡ


554 
޼̫ѪܴǧܹٻھѪĴϳԽ壬Ȼֻбٻһ;
ţаʥһɱ޼֮ϣ
һսѦӴ
ʱϢԾвܣڼѪգȴõɻ
ѦƾѪȷܹնɱΪɱһеѪԲܹģ
ȻڵѹƾڣǣѪҲ𾳽ܹ˵ģ
Ѧ񷣬һ׳ĹΣͬoٳƥҫ۵˲ֱӣͬһչڵա
ӣֻ˷ʱѣ
³г˲м
ô
ΧЩѪյЩĳ
Ѫٻô
δ֪Ķµģڣ֪Ѫյ֮󣬷Ʒжˡ
ͼڵʴܷ֮ѪӦҲɣ
ƵٶȻ
ô
˲ɵ̾ϢһǰҪˣ
糤ϴֵʱ˷ڵĨ񣬶ʱơ
ѵȻа취̫Ѫɣ
ɻ󣬴ȴڴ
¡¡
޴֮ڹΧĿռ䵴ͬһ񣬴֮ϣѪϮޱȵȭͷ
飡
ɫ˫Ŀŭɣͬսһ㣬ƾŴһȭֱѪա
꣬ҪԿѪ˾ٷ
̣
صײһ𣬶ʱѪ죬ֱӱǽûڡ
ˣ
һ٣û뵽Ĳ㣬ֱӲӡ

ĻѦҲ΢˿
ˣĳɳҲһ󾢵Уʱȥٺòˡ
Ҫȴ糤һֱѪĿһƺ֣Ѫ֮һӰĴڣʱͫһ͹͵ۿ
ƣûбܷٻڵ
һ󣬺ܶϹŶǷˣǸͫ͹
ôܣȻܵסѪķٻѵڵľѪܱѪɣ
һϹŶ
ʲô
ȫԾ˶ǴĿѪ
ûѾǱٻ޵꣬Ȼţ
ߣ翹ѣ
ѦͨܿһУѪе߳üͷȴ΢΢
Ȼѹ˾磬ǣѪǾܽһľǿֱӷٻʱȴһŽһ˸סõܹأ
ҿֵܼʲôʱ򣡡
ţ仹ܹסԼѪ

ǽӴһɼµȱȭ⴫˹Ҫһ㣬ֱֻ۱յͨһƬһѪĻţõķֱг
ˣ
һͼؿڱųӨ˸˸˲䣬һ㵭Ө⣬ˣѪĻӨ⣬յķƤѿѪòҡ

д󾪣Ǹ߹ķҲ͹ѪܣżѪ棬꾡ð
ˣ
ͼ޷ڵϺ쾧ȻҲ޷ֻĿֻѪľޣԼ
ͣ
һӴǱյЩڣͿֹͣתһ˲佫ͣۿҪճޡ

ƺܵвһͬһÿһ䴫˳Сɶ࣬۳ɺӡ
ܣ
ھеķƣжʱһϣ
ܵܣܿסѪʴô
ѾǷϣҲκβѪ޼ƿʩˣҲֻ·һˡ

֮յĽڵļ⣬ȫҸȼָŷϣӿ뵽ڸ֮С
ƺܵвЩŰѪȻ۳һѪգţݺݵĳײ˹ȥ
أ
Ѫպݺݵײ֮ͬϣŷķྡѪһѪҲӿ
ЩͷѵԴڵõķΪ֮һϲ
ܾȻѪܽסˣ
ܾʲô
ϲͬʱҲеɻ
ѪյܣܷٻЩܣҲ˵ܵľȣȻܱ徫Ѫ
䣬ܱǷΪֱųѪҪ֮ųڡ


555 ɱ
ѪӣһӰУ֣һ㵭̰סȫЩѪܸ⡣
ţȻųѪ
˾¶һɫ
ųѪⲻ˵ѪľȲ̫ô
ôܣѵҲ岻ɣ
ҡԴԸǰʵ
ѵãѵһڴ˵УܳһˣѾ˲ˣʱǰ壬ôܣ
ЩϹŶҲһ𺳡
֮ˣǱض֮ϣֻҪֱ۷壬ǴɣʥҲնɱοǣ
Ŀ³̶ԶԶֹڴˣֻǣڵѦ񾳽ͣӲܶѡ
ˣѦƾ֮ܣ֮ͬˣûĵ֣Ѫ֮ܣ˿ɿ
Ȼĵס̫Ѫʴʲôʣ
Ȼ糤Ҳʶͼȴû뵽һﻹܵѪķٻⲻֵ˵ѪѾƽô
ֻ£ֹô򵥰ɣ
糤۾֪ΪƷٵУó˴ʥ˵أ
壬Ȼ޿ңǣɽҲֻ·һ
ԣ糤ϲŻɣӦֻ»֮ϡ
ֻȴǿ͸ѡ
ƼңôδŹ
üͷԺڵļ䣬ûҵκιںƼҵļ¼ʱд󶨣Ϊ£
һʲôˣ
ƵǿƱ֣ʱõɾˣиǶһݳ˺档
ţһԲֹһƽˣ


ڵܣͬɳЩѪȫһһεųڣ˳ӿĴˣȫ޸

֮ڣſ³һڳӴڷǿգޱ޼ʡ
ܣʲô
ĶĳϫЩ뵽
ܣԽԽˣľܵһ㣬ƺûʲôģȾȻܱѪ
õܺ棬ΪΣǿƥԼڻôףֻҪԵֱܲ
Ϊòأ
ҪȥЩܣȴǷ֣ܸʹһֱԹԵתõķƲѡ
ܹΪá
ֻţЩѡ
ܱѪ
ʼˣ
һĨѪܱų֮󣬷ɫһ䣬߳˺
Ȼû£
ǰȻ̲꣬סгĻڶһ˫˫۾ڣһƬ㵡
ٺ٣
ͬȻѦ񣬷һ䣬¶һĨаЦ˫Ƿӡ
أأأ
һϺڵӡͣͬѦ񣬺æңһʱ䣬ֳһ浹ľ
ûаʥӣӵ̫Ѧ񣬾Ŀ֮£һ꣬ıͷܣ
Ѿˣ˵ΪƷٵ꣬Ѿ࿹ˣ
ôܣôܣ
Ѧ޷ţôһͨ꣬ȻסԼҫ޼
Ŀǰǿɱ֮һҲܷɱ񼼣ʱȻôëƤҲ˵õЩܲˡ
أ
һһֻϺƱϮֱڰ׳Ĺϣĳ׿⣬µء
ˣɫҲòȥ
ɶ񰡣
˫°ââʢ׳Ĺε֣һǿƥܣϯأռ䣬ٴλһգҫأ貵˲ֱӡ
Ȼ⿪Լķӡˣٴ۷壡
ҪһҪ
Թӹŭġ
ܲԼȻ·磡壬ƥʱȴʦδݣôһĴڣ˵ԼһֱһѹԼô
ɱģԲܻţ
ৣ
״ƲҴ⣬̤Уٴ˰׾룬ԪڣСĵķκεϮɱ

Ѧ̫֮ͬӣâҫۣһ֣һ׳ĹָⶴֱϮؿڣ
ৣ
̵ϢܹٻһУõķƺëɫ԰ףӲһ̤ǳһλ㿪Ϯɱ
꣡꣡꣡
ѦһѾûǰĵȻʮָ붯һ׳ĹɨеȺѪһƬһľǿ߱ߣһֱֱֻӱٻҽһԭأһҵվԶκεԹޡ


556 糤ϳ
꣡
׳Ĺҵɨ䣬ϣܹ򶨵ֻЩϹŶˣӵԶԶˣղѦһҴټʮˣǣȴû˸˵Թ޵Ļ
ΪѦаʥӣҸ壡
ǸܹţΪ˼ӵ㹻ıǮܿ壬Լȴǲ߱Ǹʸ
ѦȻڹųڴɱŰü壬ȴҲ޿κΣ֪ʱ˭Ҳ޷ôڼŭеѦˣǰֻ¸㣬ʱֻ°ųǶᱻֵĵ׳죡
̫壬ʥظ֣Ϊʥصδԣֻᵱһ㹩ţȥã
Ҳƣһϵܾ޾һ㣬ֻͣǣȴǲ֪ҹ䣬ǰ죬̫ӵĿֲ£
֮£һһ侧һֳһֻɫǣϵ̤飬СĵĶЩĹ
ģֻô
ѦϾǷ߿һ˫һ೤ĹǺˣͬĿƺܿգδ
׷˵ɣ
ʱ䣬ϵĳӡ͵ϮõѦ֡
ΪĶùô
ŭµѦƽ˫ֻΪӰһӡ˫֮䲻ʱƸΪǡ

ĻɳѣϾǼꡣ
ʲô
üͷһЩɻ
ˣ
Ѧһ¶һĨЦб³ҫݣ
Ż䣬һɰ׳̫ܣΪģ˷ϯȥһУؽڱ壬·һƬɽ֮ء
ã
𣬽һ̤Ǻ˰ףȴûжನϫصĴؿڣʱһѪûӦһϯ
ͣ
̫ܵ˳֮УƾôһһڵѪŵĹĵķ飬Ѧ֣ͻ⳱ϫ֮С
ȥɣ
Ѧɫ˫ֲϵĶûκͣЪ˼Ҫأ
ʱһëȻΣдĵ𣬲̧ͷǼһֻڵĴֱ֣ӳͷ޴ѹõ꾡ðץӭȥ
̣
ܹصܣ֮𣬸ֵ£ѦֱӱУһѪ˱Ǳص֪
ô£
˽һ˭ȻҶ嶯֣аʥƴô
ʱϣһϹŶһȻɨ
ɱ壬¿û˸ڶаʥصӣȻаʥ㳲ĸʥҲܲˣʧ
ϾȻ޿ңǣܴ£Щ޾µʥ˵ûʲôǰȥģֻҪڣͲ
أ
ڴĵ£ˤڵ棬ʱѪ۵ֱҧһƬȻ
̫֮ˣֻܱˣ
ৣৣৣ
ϣĵӰȫֱǸԱߣһ֮󣬷ѦȻܴȴûΣգ΢ĺ˿
ţ˸ԣɨܡ
˭֣
һ׷Ȼƴ󣬴ȫһɺ嫵ѹڴϡ
аʥصĵ̣Ȼµ˭ңڻռ
Ҷ֣
һȺ󷽴˳һȫǳǸȥǼһһһһǸڵȥ
еķ糤ֵģȻɲķ糤ˣ

һƢ𱬵ߣʱӳһȭʱһصĺܣֱϮ糤ϡ
õ
糤ϲһĨâһһ֣Ҳûֱ˹ȥ
أ
һ·Ǹ޴ܵȭͷֱӱշ飬£Ǹ߻æֱ۵ʱѵѪէ֣Ϊܵ޷ֱӱ˵ص֮£ټ
˻
֮õԶ˶ǵһһ˫˫֮ڣȫɫ
Ȼܵģ
ֲ̫ˣ
ЩϹŶҲһ󷢺
ҪԼϣӦҲòȥ
ѵǡʥˣ
뵽ʱ򣬶һηĿǵϵӰ
˭Ϊλᶯ֣ѵǸɣ
ǣôھкϷˣ


557 
ʥˣ
֣ͬһΡɽһѹļ䣬ЩϹŶҲСǾηĿǵϵӰ
ϣаʥصĴҲסˣǵԲ۾ôҲû뵽˾ȻԼĵ̶֡
ô
һֱԼ糤üͷһлﵭĮŨŨϷ֮⡣
ҪȴмǸסǰһ˸ҲǴŷ߿ĺʵ˭аųǣʥ볤϶֣ѵǲаʥطﲻɣ
ǣ
ŨŨвζĻ糤һ֣ƲƲǣζ˵ǼС㣬ֵҷô
㣡
аʥصĴֱܶŭη֮ǰֶΣҪȺŹˡ
֪ν
糤ƲһۣǴŷǱȥ
üͷǽ塣
ԭһС£ʰһھ˶ѣ˭֪Ȼֵô󣬶ң˵ĺ̨ƺаʥء
֮ǰ¶츳üͷһԵġ֡
ˣҲӦǺѡʥӼİɣ鷳ʹˡ
ĹųǣǶĹ涨ö֣ѪƻųǴϡ
Щأÿʥض֪ԣŻЩĵĹ涨һֱδйġ
ѦȴڹųǣҪɱ˼ҵţ˵ȥ
֣ȫ˼Ǳߣ
ʥ˵Ĵ֣߳õЩڶɱѦ֣ȴǱߣ
һʱ䣬Ƕǽǿʱ򣬶ʱȻ
ѵ꾹ȻУ
ƺ뵽һңɫѿ
ǣ˭ҲѦ񣬾аʥҲУ
ƺˣ
ĻԶ˿˸ŸӵɫҲûվȽ֡

ȿȣ
˹ҪȴؿڵĴˣٴοȳ˼Ѫɫ԰ֽ£ǹһĨʹ̱ȥ
ʱķƣΪңݣɭɭĹƤ⣬¶⣬¶һƬҲѿۼӲƬҲ˲٣ѪʣһƬѪ߰ߡ
ֵܣžˣ
߼İοɨһϵĴˣǳ˳飬תͷȵаʥʵ̫ɶˣ֣Ҳ֪˭Ȩڹų֮ڶ֣
ʻõаʥصǳ˳飬ȴҲҲĻֻȫעķ·糤ϻͻȻ֡
һ۷ǼƵõ壬糤ϵüͷҲǺݺݵ壬ɨˣõһëȻ
̫ˣ
д󾪣λ߼паų֮ˣ
ֵܣû°ɣ
תʵ
ֵˣģˣ
Ƴ˳ǣɵ˵
ũҩҩԵΣõҲָļûһʱ䣬ǾԻָˡ
ѵֻҩʦ
ԣϸĹ۲Щ˿ڵı仯ʱǴһЩ˺ѵ˿ڣȻۿɼٶڸԭţľҪǵؼҩʦˮ׼
꾹Ȼǵؼҩʦ
ʱд󶨣֪ˡ
Ǻǡ
ƿЦ
أ
ʱһȻ쳹һհĹŹմأϫϯأһ׳ӰӵȻ񷡣
ȻҶҶ֣
Ѧֱһ˫ھԹޣһۣǿڣţǽĿڷ糤ϡ
ܸоĵߵڣ̲һɺƥֻһоõһ
λϣɱ£һҸ𣡡
λܳվд󶨣һֱָ֣ŷ糤ϣǳԸõһȴҲˣֻܶǰĿŷ糤ϡ
ɱң
糤һ㶣⻰ǵһ˸Ҷô˵һɭ⣬õѦд
ž
һֱ֣˳ȥţλѦӱЩΣһѪ˳Ҳٴˤ棬Ūĸͷϣֳһʺİӡþò
ȻǷ糤ֵԵʣȻһǰֱܽͷ­Ҳ顣
ǰ飡
аʥصĴܽԾŵվѦǰǸϵģ󣬻֮ڣǿ⡣


558 ͷϴ
ٴ裬İڳþòǳӡ֮ϣõҲЩθס
ֱǲ嵱һ°ѵǸ˲֪Ŀֲôֽ˵壬һɣ廹ƴ
ԣղŴѾǸаʥصĴܣ˴ʱǼΪţ·糤Ҫɱ
ϵľƣΪ糤ϵĳֱ֣ӱǷ˷츲صı仯õԶ˸ޱȾȻ˶ڲ²ǸΪƷٵʵݣаʥؾˡ
ǰ̫ѵһǰܹһ棡
ϵĴܣӵ˵
ߣҼ٣ģҿٲѵΪԼ޵ˣ
糤һ
ǣǰѵǣ£Ҷʥʥӡ
ûɱģǸæӦӣ̬ͣʱõĴѦɵۣϾǴ㵡
аʥųǵĴܳϰʵȻӹɣǿƥȻҲųˣڵȴõкȻ
λϾȻͷˣ
ǿΪ磬ǾֻһܣǰǸߣǿǣ
д󾪣Ҳ뵽̬أʱңȻƥǣԼǴ𲽵Ľ׶ΣԿִߡ
ߣ
һ糤ٴһҵʣǼȥˣ˵һʱûע⵽˴ʱ򶷣ǶĻҿǻҲǰ׻ˣ

ɫһ飬˵
ѦǺ޼ɵԸ񣬲ǹ߳ô
ߣǺΪ֮֮ܣɣ
糤һ֮󣬱תȥǡ
ߣ
ĸܶǺ˿Ѧ񼸺ĶӣһѾָ˵ķƣҲȻȥ
ϷԵı仯õԶΪ֮겻ѣ׷׿ʼɢȥϵĴҲǻɨһ֮󣬸ȥ
ɲһƵأϷҲҪֳϣ

л֣лλǰ
ָ֮󣬷վ˿Ĺֵл
ףβ߳ȣԼض
̫£ƥǴͬףҲûܹԿǲһȼ磬пܽѹơ
ﻰ
Ц۾ֽܵλеϣ
лϾ֮
ٴοĳ߹˹֣ɻһ
֪ΪΣȻֻǵһμ棬ǣıǰߣһ׽֮⣬ָоƺһ㣬ء
Ǻǣ޷޷
糤ϸ˸°ϳİ룬Ц⣬΢ĵ˵ͷȴһ׽֮⣬ңܾãԼƺǰʶƺļǣϸһ룬ȴּǲ㣬õΪơ
һ츳֮ˣԼǱضμģôأңδʥ˾ܹ̤УһһΧĺ䶯ԼǲŶԡ
ڣǰӣĵȷȷ벻ˡ
СѼסδ
糤һʵƽͿõһԵΪ֮ȻΪζ˵Ŀ
ȻƱֳ츳ܲһ㣬ǣ츳ǰ˵ӦҲֻϵˮ׼ѣĿ

ԥһǰеĨڴһشСԺʳ
ʳ
糤һ㶣Ŀ
вǻȻǳԻʳΪͣҲ˺Ľ͡
ʳĵֻ̣ȶѣʮ䣬ܴﵽ۷壬ѾǷǳĲˡ
ʳ
糤ϿૣȴǴһĨԵʧ䡣
һΪӦԼ˲ǣȻֱܲϵֻϵѣǣƵĻشȴǶϾֿԡ
û
ǳЦŵ˵ͷ

糤ص̾ϢһתȻȥ
һʳˣԲԼ島κεĹϵΪеʧ䣬õ£츳ꡣ
⡭
ΪɪıӰ÷ƾжһʯһ㣬һģ̹ܲ
ָоƺֹһɳ嶯Ҫǰȥʸס
Ǻǣֵܲؽ黳
ЦһЦ⣬벻ֵܵıòֵܿǱڹˡ
ֵʧˡ
æ


559 
ѳʳһĨǰףɢ˺ڰ˼䡣
ﻰַŵıֵ츳ֵܴһ嶼ں³Կټ
ǰ꣬Ϊп
ǳһʳ֮ڣ츳ѾɵһЩʥصʥˣһս
ٺ٣
ƺЦһϵôѪһѳؿŵ壬ڳ֮·һ㵭ԣأ˳ƣ»һ
ף
Ĩһ⣬õһ㶡
ϵãǷҺӵܵ壬ܹ֮ʱ°빦
ΪηҺӵܵ壬ϣ
ɻˡ
ңŷ糤ϳ֣Ҳûϳ꣬ңƺҲǵһμ糤ϣºܹ죬ǷҵĺӵܻûԼҵĳϣ
ô
ֱֱĿԼһ㶣һ䡣
ŶûʲôǺǡ
ЦһЩͷ˦Ժʵ֮Σ
аʥӣаɲʲô£츳ĳУаʥҲĿԼƤ±Q
Ҵȥһ˱
΢Цʵ˵š
֡
֣һ
ǿɲǸõط˵ǸΪҵһݺᣬȥ˸ֻ·һûҩʦ粽С
һ㱱ϣϣԺá
֣óһֽţݸơ
֪Ѿ飬ѾĲˣҲٶȰ
л֡
ƴϲҲֱӽ˹˾ôһ·˵ţһ·ŹųڵĴ͹ȥ
ߣ
Զһ˫۾ȴǿˣһĺһš

㳡Ϊȫʹһɫʯڰ׳ҫ£˸űĹâͬһһ㡣
㳡ΧȫվһаʥصӵܣǸӢ䲻Ϊϣڹ㳡֮ڵһʵʯ̨ϣ䣬żΪۻϣ
Ȼ峿ǣ㳡֮ѾվˣУҲмλϹŶĴڣķƹǽͶԲĿ⡣
ڣ˺谭ıǽ㳡֮ڣȻǰߣǸʵʯݻϣӺ󣬱ǳʯ̨档
⴦͸¶̵ʯ̨պռݹ㳡λãĿɨպܹӸµĽ㳡֮ڵĳС
ƵĿ⣬ʯ̨Щ΢ɨɨ󣬱תʯ̨λãһʮɿڿնתţһɹɾ˵̣ҿգ
ڵĿնһڶ㣬ɢһĿңңȥܼģȴһƬֹĺڰԼһǵĹХ֮ʱģһɭļųβͣһ
ҿΧһ·ʯ̨һ֮ڣһ貵侧Ҳ󣬲ά˺Ƶռûк£
Ǵʹ󣿹ȻǴֱʰ
΢ĸпһ󣬾һۣ룬ҪһֱάУûĵ侧ܿģͲôˡ
;оʮȡʮ侧
վеǸ߰ƽ

ǳ˳飬ʵĽ㹻侧
ٵỌ̇̄
侧ߵɫûкת˵š
ǿһߺ󣬷ƱҲվһԣĿ
սȷΪҵһΣأֻҪܲȫˡ
ʯ̨֮ϣǽȡ˾侧ƹһ£ôһˣȡ侧Ѿﵽ֮ˡ

ֱܣ
˰֮Ǹߴӽָóһ˸ɫ˸̵Ĵ˽봬֮Ҵ󴬱Ǹڵĺڶ֮ڣʻδ֪ĵ

üͷصУ˼ǳǼԺ߳
߽˴Ǽ糤ϱ˫ľϣĿ
糤ϣ
˻һ
£
糤΢΢ɨһۣǱϡ
ӵ֪һʳ֮󣬲֪ΪΣһֱһʧ䣬ôҲ벻ףʧӺζ
糤ϣʶֵô
СţϸĹ۲ϵɫ仯
ܾãһһЩ֣ǳʲôطҲ˵
ţ
糤۾ЩɻĿ


560 
ҵ˼ֵûп֮أ
糤ϲû̫ķӦҲ׳ŵʵ
Ϊãؿڵǿ壬ԷңڹĹؿڣ˵壬ǴݣǺҵģ
ŷ磡
糤΢Ȼҡҡͷܾļǣ벻õΪգɻ
糤ϣˣǰѩ𣡡
ѵ
˼ףпǼٵģ
ʲô˼
糤۾һУʵ
ȻҲ뵽һ㣬ֻǣƵʱ飬ƺǵһμԼԼˣ϶Լй棬ܲʶԼ
ΪһöҺӵܵ塭
ԥ˵˳
ʲô
糤͵һֱӼվ壿
۾ɵԲûǰƽݣҲ΢΢Щ١

ģõ΢΢һͣע£ĵ˵ͷ
壬Ǻӵܣ
糤ⶶҲǼһԣ۾ʵģȥ

㶣Ҫȥ
£糤ϱǲټ˾㳡ʱȴǿҴ󴬸պʻҿ֮С

޺޵һת˻ȥ
Ѿˣ
߳һɫ˽֪˽֡
š
糤Ϻ˿ϣ
糤ϣ˰ɣֵһ껹ǻġ
ϵȻѵ
ƿǷһҶҪռҩģһ꣬ڣ϶ȡ
ţɻˣǷҺӵܣ飿ʥﻻҩֱǱﰡ
ǷӵʱƿصʥŵӦûỺɣ
ţɫЩŹ֡
ѵǷҽ˼岻ɣ
ԣ
ѣ糤ϲһĨڴͬʱɻˣԼӵôӵ츳ܻᱻû츳ǾڵԲЩʥصʥʥŮ
ǣʶѪԵ׽УõֱӽԼӵܵķ룡
ָоԲ
ң뵽ƻб
Ȼװʶң
ЩߣǺӵܣôܲʶԼأѾ¶ģСٳֵʱһҪÿ
ܼҰ
뵽СӾȻóôʥȡҩ糤Ͼһۣ۵ľİЩҩ㲻ʲôֻҪʱ䣬ǾռλʥǿǸ֮ģܵһǶĪĻԵ
СӣȻó˶ʮƬҶʮλȡֱʴľˣң˿ۣ
õķ糤Щץ񣬼Ҫض㡣
ԼЩʥﲻǶҪ˵Ŀڴˣ
ңɣСӾԸܴĺôҲʥ
ܼӣʮİܼӣԳƵʷϵһܼӣ
СӣҵҪ㵽˭
糤ЩҧгݣҪݺݵĳͽܼӣ
뵽ȻһܹóôʥȡЩ߰ĶƱϻиõĲǣ
˵ι
һöι꣡
ţͷһͷȰڴȥ޲ֱӽץ
ԷóǾʥͻɣСӿ϶ϴء
һ뵽Լ徹ȻܴأЩԺ
ЩһﲻǺܿôٶ࣬˭ҴԿ
ԵĽأǵϵλȻֻ·һ
£СӲȥժȡͷɣ
뵽ĿĵǱ򣬷糤һʱüͷ
ǿƬ򰡣һʵȥǸ̶ͬѨ
糤ϣơֵ˵ĵģңֵضܴ룬ʲôأ
һվڵƺ֪ڵʲôĽ͵ֻǣȴҲڳ鴤š
ʥ˽ȥҲֻĽأһ꣬ȴ֮Ϊ˱ˣûȰ
Ҳԡ
ͣ糤ϲ΢ģܿСӲʥԼϣѵԼô
ʱһֱڴڱĿķƣҲһ˹˽ϵȴûпһĿⲻʱɨš
ţ
ܿ죬۾ɨһΧȴûзʲôֻǣһĨ


561 Ա֮
ҿգһƬգڶžл̺˾ɱǰ⣬ǻУֻ¾ʥҲù
꣡
һɫĴ󴬣ҿյдţĶһϮ⣬ͬˮеһ㣬ٶȺܿ죬˲ϢǧǸҲΪڴϣֻܿݵֱˣٶȣֻۻҲаҲҪһµʱ䡣
ڣû˵ǰǱĿֻâɨƬգƺ̽ѰͻƵ
ȻֻһЩܾϹŶ
ƣڲǹɱ֮һֱСĵľĹ۲ܣǣȴûз쳣ˣҲһţһš
ʱŴ֮ڵģΪ͵ģ˵һ˶ܽնɱҿ֮ڣȴû˸ҶȻ˴壬ûܻ߳硣
һȥˣ;·һųǣʮ£ûֱͣٴ̡

žڰĿռͨڣһâϢӶһ˲󣬱ʧ˺ڰľͷǰģ٦֮жµߡ
ҿ֮ڵٶȻԶ죬ֿҲǸŨǧƪһɵڰþˣǲߣǹɿǷƣҲЩСˣֻñ۾Ϊ
ֿ֮Уʱ䣬ҲȻ
;УҲóıϿãһֽ
һ֣ͽж
Ƕʦ£ʱҲǶ죬ΪҪµĴڣϧȴһһҹ֮䣬¶ʦʥأʥأΪ˻һֻӹһ٣ȫ½ΧĽɱʦ
ֵһΪ˵ĴҲǴΣ˲ű˵֪ұ˾
ˡ
üͷһ壬ãǣǴζԶʦԼĴɱУԿĳҲʲôƲ磡
ܹһʥصĴڣɼ˵ĵ̴Ŀ£ңڷƼԿ϶ڵİӰħ̣ԾǱʥصǰ
ⲻǸͷǱ֪ΪӰħ̵ʥŮԲᰲ
𣬾Բô׵İݡ

̾һĿǰʵԸıʲôֻҡͷȥ¡
ڣʵģ˵˱ʥأ˵ڵıʥأֻǹ˵һܶѣǣֱӽʥ˺
ţȥ
򣬶УһƬ򣬶﹥ǣųǣ¶ᾭԣûаȵĵط
ǣ
ôһ鶾ȴǴ½Ա֮أ
Ϊ˵Զ֮ʱսΪ½սÿһأѪȾ죬ʬǶѻɽҲΪƬ֮ڣ޾챦
޾£Ȼ󲿷챦ѾʧȥӦеĹЧǣǻϵģǿɾԶ챦ֵǣܹʥΪ̵Ĵڣ
ҲΪԭ򣬱ؿ˾޶ԱߣڻҰ֮ϣɼɱΪҵһ
ҲΪУҩʦĴڣǶôҵɱ˭Ҳȥҩʦ鷳ΪһҩʦǾ͵ڶԼһ˭ҲԤ֪Щʲôʱ˳
ҩʦô
ǣ֮Լʵʵĵؼ۷ҩʦˣݣⶾӦҲ̫⣡
ҲΨһܹҵˡ
ܽأΪеصСںдڣʶѹڵĴףֻǣܲܵڵĶܣͲö֪ˣǲܣƾҩĻǾǾһ
أһҪȥǷѾ¶˾ĵ飬ΪժȡͷĻôСν϶֮ϣԸġ
ڣֻˡ
ʱ䣬лţһ죬Ҳûʲô£ֻǣڵˣȴѾһС롣
أ
һ죬˵ע⣬ĿķҲ۾ǰһĻõҲЩͣ͡
⣬ͬһǵصĳҴ󴬣ǴУȻǸƴѾȷĿˣǣǲʱľͱУ´𵴡
籩
һ߾ĻޱߵȺû˿֮ɫһƬ¡
Ǵ٣ûܹţ


562 
籩
ǿͷȺڣ˵ɫǱò԰ࡣ
û뵽ù飬Ȼˡλ鷳ˣλסҪӿٶˣ
ǸƴҲǵһˣǺܻţǴѵ
ʱԪǵصĴÿϱӿγһ嫺ϰס˴Щײ֮ʱȻǻ࣬õɫǺÿࡣ
λСģҪˣ
ƴһȣЩʹóһƷ쾧Ž֮ڣ쾧ΪһôҼ֧һ㣬ݵһӶ
쾧֮Ϊ֮ٶȼǿ󻯣󴬻ΪһɫӰӣһ֮£ǿǧ׾룬һͷײŰ籩֮С
أأأ
󴬸ոմȺ֮ڣһµֱӻЩɫϣ̻ͬʢõĴҵĻε֨ϵĴǰģ캣֮ʻĹһ㣬żҾء
Ŀֲ˵Χһµ⣬͸ϣֱӻڴ˵ɫǲôÿ
λε籩ʮֲֿοǳܲȥΨһǼ˺һӲӳȥȻҺһͬ
ǸƴһصתصĽš
һ


һڼ˶Ǵǿһһ㣬ǻգһƬ֮¶ǰ
ʮλܵȫһ˺գ
ڣ
ƴ۾һ߶ǵ˺Ŀʻȥ
ţ
ڴ󴬾Ҫʹյʱ򣬷ٴο˫ӣһ෢ߣǴһĨŹֵЦ⣬Լ۾ڣ˿ڸǵ¶̰ɫƺ翴һͷһ㡣

д󾪣߾ǴܼҶ֣ǣǲҶ֣Ȼ֪ԵɣǾǺ£Ѿһʻռ䣬ԥóһ쾧Աģһ壬Ʈ𣬳źȥ
෢һ㶣ƺ뵽ʲô̽һֱֻ֣ץƣҪ֮ݡ

֣óƽնֱն䣬ȻЧ΢΢ȴ˵ٶȣõ߳ŭץΪģһɺƥľֱơ
أ
ѪſƵӼ鵱Ҳתķ˳ȥ츳Ȼ籩Ҫˡ
ʱ˺ƵĿռҲĺ£¶ʵ
һ䶯õһ㶡
ôԶҵĳ˿Ͷ֣
ǸƴԲãʵ
ҶֻҪ
෢ߺǱĵɨһۣ֣óһ壬дһġ֡
˻
壬Щ޲һ
ҵˣ
ߣ
෢һתʧʡ
ƶ籩֮ڣѾǱˣңռ£֮ʱۿһ˷Ƶӣ
ѾĿˡ

ҿ֮ڣ貣֮ͬ꣬УһƵѪʣڻʧ
໣
һХһͷС֮ӣƿ˿ռ䣬Ƭĵ

һƬصĴĮ쭷ɳڴĮ֮ϯǹصķХ֮͸˿˿䣬Щ֮ȥӰеģֻ޾÷ɳԼХ֮
紵Į֮еһƬҰݣҰӣ䣬ǲݴУȴ¶һѪ߰ߵӰ
ӰΪãѪǼΪ΢ŻŵĻ˭Ϊһ߱ڴĮ֮еʬ塣
ֻǣӰһԣȴ̾һͷƤëѩ׵Сޣ۾Ŷ䣬ɹ̫һͬСһĺһûһµ˦βͣС޵ıϣƺΪ䴷
ȻǷС򣬻С
ʱҿ֮ڣֱӱ෢ĵĻȥҲõģңգϢҺС˳Ȼľˡ
ƴʱҲǲ˼㣬õĲӣڵҲѿѣǲһģһԻҲʣ£ܴһϢѾˡ


563 ʥҽ
ΣƵΪأСͳڣҲһʱˣһʱ䣬ʬƾڵũҩϵҩԣŴΪưܵ塣
ʱһһιȥϵѿڲǻĺ£
ѵʱһҵĵ֮УֵڹͷҪɢһ㣬ʹУֱӽޱ޼ʵĺڰ˳ȻŻ˫ۡ
۴һĶָĥһĵطĿɨĵطӦһ֮ϡ
еůֱϵССҲڡ
ӦСҰɣ
ڻ֮ʱģƺ֮
ˣ
۶־ϲֱԺ
š
΢Ӧһֻ΢΢һ±ǴһʹЩϵ˿Ҳ֮ٴѿѪ۵һãŻĻָʱѾǲҶˡ
ĿԼҲɨɨϵѪǱöȥǱ˻ߣϣֻһΪİɫֻۣڣȴմ˵Ѫ
ϵװһ͵ʲôæ֣ڷָֽڵĶûʱصһ
λιɶöָ棬ֻƽ֮װ˼ٸָѣһһһװһҵĶҪҳҪѲʱ䣬һˣҲǸȥôѰң֪챦
ǣǼ쾧ɶֱӰڷڽָڣһ۶ܿɼֵϰ侧һ˿ɾջ󣬴֪ܵģǸ֮ˡ
ڷĵ䣬ͻȻ˿õ۾ۺһЩ׳˶ӣǳĿУ߼ѣҲһЦе㺩ֱζСֵܣ˰ţ
ƷѾӦһĿɨɨǶ֪ǰ֮һ۷ǿߣҲһ֮ң
ǺǣǳڻĮĲݴз㣬ƣԭΪ㰾û뵽Ȼѡ
ӳŷЦЦֵҽкνҪӻĮ·Ȼͷ㣬˵ˣĮǻҪǱǷ㣬ʣһѰ׹ˡ
лνˣºƷ١
ԣҲΪмĵ
˵ССڣǻûУǣĮİ챩ȣҹǳܲסŪãôϡͿˣҲпܣôһ룬νҲž֮
û£⣬ܰͰû¡
νЦĿڷϿ˿ģҲֻЩƣҲǺް취ǵ˳ȥҩʦһλҩʦһ£ҪƵĽңѰҲ벻Щҩʦļӣʵ̫󣬵û˸ҵǲشûԸȥǸ
޷
һЦũҩҲϵĴˣѰҩʦǾ͸Ӳˡ
Σƾãܴ̫أĴ˸ֻǵؼҩԣֻǲȬ
ˣν磬һ£ĸ򣿡
Ƴһ£ʵ
˲һҵ·̣Ҳ֪ǵĸˣһţΪǶʮ侧еۣ¾´һҪƴ֮ҪҪǣҪ֪ϮԼ˵˭
ʥҽ򣡡
νΪĿûѵļ󣬲Ż˵ţѵСʥҽˣ
ƿЦһĽһֻ˵ɱҰ㡣
аӦúԶɣ
νͷ̾
˵ʹ󣬴ҿգ£̫ңԶˣֻżȻ˵ѡ
ţԶ
˵һỰʳһƬѪҲҲ΢΢ЩԺ䣬ٴ˺ڰУһۣһŴżҵӡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƲٴȴǷ֣ڵû˿ĺתõзࡣ
ܴͬһ㣬ܵĴˣؼҩԣֻκβˣгҩҩԣҲܹΣʱãǣȴǾϸòӦǴܣƻܵԵʡ
ƹƣεĴҪ켶ҩԣܳ׵ЩڵŰн֮
֮£óһλֱУҲûȥ


564 Ů
ڷλٵʥ֮󣬷ǲƵ»޾浽˼㣬һɹɰХϯÿһ䡣

֮󣬷Ƴ³һڴܰǻ۾
Ƶ壬ȻѾ޸ȬǣЩһֱƻڻܵȴû취õķЩơ
ãȻƻԪУǣ崿ʹãӵ츳ǲͣҪ֪۷ʱѾܴﵽһˣڽһȼ֮츳ڴ˷˼
Ȼ˷һλǣĹЧǿɹ۵ģܹվ³·ͬʬһڳǵ֮ˡ
ӳվĶһֽţţλǱһ죬һˬ֮⣬õ˳
ֻǣ΢΢һԪһɾʹõһɫ۵ķף죬ЩƵ⣬ҲȥԪˣ
Һû㡣
ȭЩο
˿̵ôΪʱ򣬵ȻȻҪĻĻҲֵʲôùӳԣʱƾһЩ׵ǿȣҲ˿ѷɫ
䲻˵ƾǿ߿⣬٣ҪʩչѰһǿߣһſһ
Ȼܶ似ؼǣҲǿõŵƣеҲ΢һЩ˴ӣȻƿ˳
ƿģһƥڵĳڳǰһͷͨڣҰͷȴ˫ǵħԸǰС
ڳԣڶӰڿ첽ţЩ˴Ÿ첲һֲƤ£ȥ͸Щ뺷ĸоǱ䣬źâҫ˸Щ˹
ķƾȻ߳Щ˶ٶЩ죬ʱæڸ·ȴû˭ڨ
ƴɨһۣǷ֣Щ˾Ȼûһھġ
Сֵܣָˣ
ν֪ð˳žȻָķƣҲΪʵ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷԸܶٶϣû۷徳Ϊõ㽫ɳۿ
컹˵仰ҪҪˣŹһ죬ֱӾͻָߣܣֱ̫ˣ
һ뵽ʹôʹյˣҲͻˡ
ν磬Ӷ
ɨΧƲͷʵ
ǰΪҲֻֿˡ
νȻô˵ţǴֿȴɴźЦû˿ĿɫƺѾϰߣ״
ɫˣС˵ˣ׼Ӫڸ·ˡ
ӳм䣬һΪ߳һɫȹˮСѾͷſС죬ĺԶ
׼Ӫ
ܿ촫˳ȥӻͣνƽ䣬ҲһͬǰȥӪ
˵֧ӶӵЧʣȷΪ̶̲Сʱʱ䣬һСɽϣǳڶɫ֮⣬դΧţդ⣬һЩ϶ҩۡ
ΪϤԵʣ˵ûʲôƣڳӵĲԶ˸طȻĿ⻺ɨΧ
һɨۼ䣬ƵĿֱӱͣڶ೵֮еһ֮ϡ
ǼΧȣҪܼ࣬䣬ƺŵ㴫Ůˣ÷ƹעģϣȻɢһϢˣǳڵǿߡ
֨
ڷƵĹע䣬ǽյͻȻ仺򿪣һѾͷʱһ޳Բȣǳ˷Ŀ֮С
΢΢һƵ߻ƣһĨ뾪ޡ
ŮüҶѩĸɼɼ£͹µԵøķֻΨһģԴ˿˿ĮĿμ䣬Ҳһ֮С
Ůһ֣ΧڶĿǲ̼˫֮ϣЩĿУЩĻȣģȴһɾη
ŮĿӪɨЩӶǾرܣֻзһ˱ץ˸ֳɣôһİˣŮҲ΢΢һ㶡
Ǻǣ
ͷڨڨһЦƿĿ⣬ǰֱӣȷǺΪʧ
ǳŮջĿⲢû˵ʲôֻǸѾͷȴĳŷ˹õнп಻


565 
һ۾ĿأɫԵģһͲʲôˣ
ΪˮСѾߣһֲһֱָŷƺǳˮڣǷŭ

ǳ˳飬֪תͷȥҲ硣
˫ȣȷ
ףҴû㣬ѵЩļϸ
СѾɨ˷һ꣬Ӷŵˣ±Ǻɵʵ
һʣϵҲǳ˹â˸˸ӣŷƣԪȣģƺʱܷһ
ҲǼϸ
ΨпЦѾͷǰҲͲ
ǡ
Ҳǡ
С㣬λֵܣڻĮϾλ
߼ҵ۳֣νһ󺹵˹͵
ԭǾʬ尡
СѾߺǲʵĵ˷һۣɲġ
ȻԷƵӡǻ˼㣬޲Ǽϸɱ˲źһ㡣
ʬô
ƿЦҡҡͷǸʱӦʬûʲôɣ
ǸŮŵǸȴͶĿ⡣
ǰǻǲƵĲ֮󣬾Ȼȫָһ³·ֱһ˼顣
ΪڵԪУͣͣԪ۳̶ȣ龳硭
Щ졣
ȻѾ֤ʵݣǸСѾҲûڲȥǸŮһ߽һɫ֮ڣûǸһߣǸһԵĻԣǴ粽ػš
һлƺҲܲ򵥰
Ҳûж룬ںνĴ£һԵȥ

ҹɫ𽥵ִĮңң֮ϣ̰ĸ߸ңǵı»ǵصк£һƬװ
ĴĮУ̣һɽ֮ϣȴǳ͸ЩԼеΧǹɼžɭ䣬ǳ嵭˲١
ɽϵӪУźüͷų𻨣⽫ӪضյüΪͨ͸ЩԱߣΧ£ŲӰоž̳һЦȻʹײһ𣬹ΧһƬкУһ
Ҳڻ֮ԣ΢ЦΧЩȵɫͨӶ󺺣գٸܹ
ֵܣȼڣůӣĮ䡣
ڷƲŪŻʱһЦͻȻһƴǶ˹һ죬֮׼ȷץУȻ̧ͷһĺνЦŵ˵ͷлνˡ
˵꣬ҲǾƴݺݵڣˮͬӺ£һɻĸо̴ӸڶɫһĨ
ֵܣͦмŰ
һں˽ҾƣΧһЩӶҲǲɵЦһ
Ǻǣ
ƳЦЦ˵ӪĴȴͻȻ˿¹Եø˵Ķˣǳ֮ڣ
˿̵ƺǸոԡһͷ˳˿Щʪɢȥһ˿Ů˵֮⣬˫Բ⻬ȣȹ֣֮òͱȽӶٶȻӿ졣
СѾ˳֮˶תͷȥ
ȻǶСѾߵ˵ֶҲ˽⣬ҲԹ
߳ĿƳһȦȻСѾߵĴ£Ǹ¡
С㣬
һذףӻϵĿһЩȻǵݸ
лл㲮
ӳŮơ³ȻСĵǿС⣬ɷǶ˵С֮Уϸʣ̬š
ΧһҧһڵĴΧ£ԵúǸ룬ֲò˵ʱƯ˵Ľ
ӶǵҲԾѹһЩִЦҲǸϽ̽С
΢ƫͷڻҫ¾ĿܲԾƵ˫ͬţԡ֮ϡ
ٺ٣ôСסˣ
ڷעʱһԵĺνͻȻչͷȡЦ
ûе£
ԣһʧЦҡ˲ͷ
𲻺˼ӶֻҪͻʮµģ˭ӵСҲף£ֻܷѣСݷͬһ㣬ЩӶλ£⡣
νķƵļ̾
΢΢˵ͷȻ֪СΪֻǷͬСɣ˵ӶеһЩĻĽˣµͷֻȻ鿩


566 
СΪ˻ͦõģһ·ϣֵóһʽ
νЩп˵ţУⳤŮͳ
Ŷ
Ӧһû뵽ԲԵĮŮоȻĳɨɨ˫ֵȣȴǸСѾ߸˻Ҫǳ⣬ȴǸŮסֻ÷޷޵ĵŷơ
ʳûһᣬվӪɨɨһСѾߣƣ֮ڣȻеĵƻȥ
֮Ӫеٴλָߺٴ쳹ĺԶҹɫŨ
ص֮󣬷ƺܿͽ˯״̬һҹ޻
գӪЩʱҲǻ˫΢һȻ߳æ£ӪصӶǣЦЦȻǰæ
ڷƵİæν΢ԥһڷһٱʾԼѾָ֮ЦŽһЩȽɵĻơ
еڳ֮УƸոתһǴйͷǿһ˫㡣
ʲôå
ΪƵĶĤƣЦҡҡͷۣͷߡ
С̬Ⱥõ㡣
˵ΪڻдЩԣӿԵüΪɫҲЩ԰ףõĵ֮ġ
С㰡ռ͵㰡ô˵
СѾСµ
˺ˣ˼˵
ԣ˵Ĩ糺ɫСѾ߱һǸ΢΢üͷҲû˵ʲôվһԡ
ȻǸĵˡ
ưһǲɵ΢΢ƶĵصˣҵ䣬ǼΪټġ
У
һߺȣһ֨УٶǰС

ĴĮ·֮ϣɳϣ֮һƷɳԶ
ڵ·ľͷ𽥵ĳЩڵ㣬κ󣬺ڵ߽ԭһ֧ӣڳӵΧŽϰɫӶܱһĿ⣬ϵΧɨƣҲǽű
ȻǴĮż䣬ҲܹһӰúܣһգ۱ʧ·ֻгӵԼżϴһӥ
ע㣬񣬻ҪˣȻ·ƷϿȣܻеϮλֵСķ
νߺ쳹ӣʱһӶֱͦˣĿɨܣΧķ紵ݶȫǿУȫעķ

΢΢һ㶣ͷʵν磬ǿ
ţǿƷϿ֮ڣŻǵ죬Ѿǿߣԣÿǳ֣ЩӶҲֻó·ѣȻ粽а
ν̾
Ӷţ߾Ҳ۷壬Ҳ˶ѣνΪһΪλų֮һӵ𾳽ĵӲƴĻǾֻ·һ
𾳽磿
һ飬𾳽ȥô
ţɫЩŹ֣һǷڻʳĻѾǴײˣʥҩ֮ڣȴΪǿеĲ಻һǰ㰡
ɨܣƱǷ֣Ӷǽɫ䣬ҲѾУĿ棬Źκһϸڡ
ȻǶ⼸ŻҲǾµĽƲһ
һλأһŻٵֲֻúãŻǾ鷳ˡ
ôţܿһΪվɽǳڷǰ
ⴣ죬εضɽ룬һ类赳ѷһ㣬ѷԼʮɴСһϿȣХͬǺǿ¡
ӶΪµĻƷϿȡСģѾƷϿȷΧˣ
źνѣӶǸԶǽҲŻٶȣнվϿȵС
ţ
ͷһ̧ͷǿһüĿվϿ֮ϣʻ¶һĨЦ
ν磬ˣ
Ʋͷѵ
ʲôȻ
˳ŷָνǸӣʱһֽ
𺱪
һԵһӶЩ³һֵ֡
ǻƷϿȵĸŻһˣ𺱪Ϊһ۷壬ʱܽİãǸ·Ů
νһ԰׵ĸƽ˵š


567 𺱪
˵𺱪ʵͷţһĴӵܣڣҲɫģŮӣ㱻һţ˭֪һﱻ֮󣬲ûĴڸģƾһ׵ΪƷϿ˵ٲĸҵİǽɫǹĳ֮òŮӱǾԲŹġ
ЩӶȻ𺱪ԸǱȽ˽ģԣһɫļΪѿ
鷳ˡ
һǰ¼֮󣬷ɫҲǳһﲻֹǺɫұ̬òŮУǾԻ
ȿɡ
ƴ⣬ͬҪʱ֣ΪĵˣʵУҲļộ

һЦͻȻһɫӰϿ֮ѸٷӶ£䣬߳˳ӵϿգӼĳªӿݣûһƽĵطһ˫ϸС˫ۣ·ˣӹЩ̡
𺱪
ǳֳªӣν˵ɫʱò԰жǴһ˿
Ӧ֪үҵĹأԼŰɣ
𺱪ӸµĸųӣͻȻٺһЦĵĵһ˫ȴǲϵ嶯ţƺ׷Ѱʲôζ
Ȼ֪ˣһЩ񣬻£
νӶ˶߳ӣ֣Щ۵óһ侧Ϊ˵š
ʱֻ㾭ƷϿȣʲôء
ٺ٣ͦʶģĳǻǺгġ
𺱪һ죬һĽνе侧˹ȥ˵࣬һŴЦ
ǴǷǵĳӹȥˣ
ԣνɫ΢΢һϲСĵʵ
ǵȻ
𺱪Цһͷ촽ָȻתڵĳЦǰǸҪ£
˴˻⣿
ٸӶɫ͵һ䣬˶ȻνҲһ
ٺ٣СǣöˣŮϵǹζԶүŵңү֪˴ģȻǸƷԣԾ߳ɣҪүҶְҿɻ۵ģٺ١
ûν𺱪ĿֱǼĳϣЦ
ˣи㡣
νһѿԪʼڱ
ôƾǼֻС㻹뷴ǣ
һӶһڹɫ𺱪ɫһһɺƥƣ΢ֵڱŷΡ룬ͬһһ㣬ѹӶļ䣬۷ĺνҲһѿЩһ˫ҲѾߡ
ȻǲԾǾɱүԼȡ
𺱪ĿһתǹŮ˵ܰõԣЩȲһ֣ץڵν˱ѹѹƣҲվֱֻĿһеķһƬߡ
ߣ
һߴϵǸߺڱâ֣һӭȥ
̣
Ȼײһͬըը񱩵ľϯȥΪ̫ΧļֱӱѣһЩ̫ӶҲƷ˳ȥڵҲѿٻӰӶɫһվ𺱪
Ȼүϣεջ񣬵Ƿǳķḻ˼ƷŮǺöҲδˣѾ߶ôɫٺ٣δүҷˣ
ݣ𺱪˫С۾ڶʱһɺâ̰˿ڸǣ쳤ЦɨСѾ֮ϵЦŨˣԵЩΣƺŮѾΪ֮˿ǰӶǸ𾳽߷
㣡㣡
˻õǸСѾͨ죬һ˵һԵҲձ䣬һɫǲÿڣ¶߿
θųǺػҼС㣬ȥǸͽ
ںνھΪ֮䣬һһ䣬żڵһ֣˱Ƿҡϣһâ˸˸ĳ𺱪ɱ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ϼһΪүûпôһССһ㣬Ȼڱүǰү㿴ʲôʵ
˵䣬𺱪ϵٶֱͻһﵽ׵ĵزֱͣӳϮߣĳһơ
أ
һ죬ߵΣҲǵŵŵֱˣ˵棬ɫЩ԰ףһ֮Ĳ࣬ʵ̫ˡ


568 
ԭͻȻһ𾳽ǿߣЩӶлǾϲڣ߰ˣ΢Щĳ죬ʱǱĲҰһƬ
𺱪˵ΪӦһ㣬ǣֳȴΪһ䣬˵𺱪ΪѾһֲĵز

һɫҰףдŲųªӣڴһĨ¡
û뵽𺱪ЩھȻѾͻһﵽĵزǰ嫵õסֱӰ
𺱪֪ڶ˭ôǻҵĴСǶǶ֣ҼڳϣȻŹģ
һأǳ
ôȻҼΪҺΣңֻҪȫ˭֪Ҷ֣ٺ٣
𺱪ЦһԪһڣֱӱǳ
Сߣס
Ǹ߿ҵĹܼңҲǷǳģһ֮Ԫȣֱӳɱȥгɭâܽ˺ơ
Ǿʰµϼһ
ȳ̶ȵĹ𺱪ɫ䣬̽һ֣Ȼֱץеĳ
أ
ᣬ߱һģһɫԲҰס
㲮
ǸСѾһ˸һֻ֣ǵǵĿ
С㣬ôأ
һɫЩʹĺ
Ȼ᲻ߣǾͲˣѹկ˰ɣٺ٣
ǵٻӰ𺱪;ð۾˸źâֱӱţĶֱڰա
һëȻľõòͣͷһǼһ𣬳һֻǳƬֱ۵꣬ų˹һ˫ϢӣֱֱԼָоǱһ㣬õҶ
ͻȻıʣڳĲǺνˣߣһ㶣Ǿ㵵ĿϢЩꡣ
ֵܱȥ
νһ˫۾ھǼ꣬żĴƲǸ龳˶ѣôȥô
ġ
һȴǼһĨЦ⣬һЦɫ֮ھţõڶӶΪ֮Ȼ
龳ȥԿǿߣ
һ
ǸСѾҲסˣһ˼ĿķƣС΢΢ſҲϲȥ
ף
ǣǸȴһϲܹľ쵽һܹвԼĴڣҲ˵Ȼֻ꣬ܿ
˭
꣬𺱪ϣ˸Щò׼ʵ
ôһ˵ԭǵĺνˣŴͣھǴ㵡
𺱪˭
Ӷ˭ʶٲȻƷϿȵһΪһ۷壬û˸ȥ
ڣȻһʮ龳꣬˵ĿõǸǽܲʵ
ΨһĿܣǳֻ˳ƬֱϣǰĹâĵеη塣
黹ɣ
վǰʮ״ͣ˽Ų̧ͷɫ仯𺱪΢΢Ц볰֮⣬õ𺱪Ӳ˳飬жʱһŭ
Ȼһвˣ
ǣĿֻϵʱ͵һѹеĸ꣬ĴҪΪô
܆£Ǳ
ĿǵĲмõŭգҲͲסˣ
𺱪ϵŮˣһҪõ˭Ҳֹˣ
𺱪˵š
˫ȣʣõҪƴһѣͲţ龳ܹ꣬вĵԼ
¡¡
Яźƥƣͬɽѹ̽һ֣һ㣬ֱץ

Ʊһ΢΢һһأ˱ͬһͷһ㣬Ȼ˫Ŀ죬žƥƣۣݺݵ𺱪š
ѹ
ķƣ𺱪д󾪣֣ĳһͬɽĴӡֱѹơ
飡
ڷƾȷĿ£ÿһ鼡ⶼǱͬӿȫȭ⴦Ҳû룬ֱһȭȥ
̣
޴ɽӰֱӱһȭ飬ŰƷ˳ȥ߰ĵǡ
𺱪ûӾѹʱǼһͷԼ˹ǳƬȭͷѾٽš


569 İ
飡
ȭͷڰкݺݵײһ𣬱ŷװ죬ţѪէ֣һҽ֮һӰٵĺˣ֮⡣
ԼѪģȭͷ𺱪оһƬڼķڵٵĳԼӽʱϵĿ־ҲԽŨһУںν˾㵵Ŀ£ͷΪһĨڵӰΪǱĴܽϿ֮У˸ʧˣ
˫ȭӴʱǸƬȭͷϣܵһܹصڣǹõֱֻۼϵ
ܵǱϢӰ죬Ҳ֮˷ŵһĻ
ǣ
âһͣ˽Ų˼һϿΧһһȭֱӺݺݵǰһӲұ֮ϡ
¡
ͬըը죬쳹ұǸƬȭͷΪģֱӱѿ޴Ѻӵǧ׿⣬ʯ䣬һ˱ϢӰĳ峾֮г
ϿЩϸ΢ǲźۼûлͷֱһ͵ĺν

һ۱ǻָƺ˿ϴŵЦʵĵν磬л

νһ㶣ǳ˳飬һǴұڣޱ𶯣ҲЩ
龳꣬һȻǿ˹
ǿ߶һȭԿľȻǺߣ𺱪Ѫģȭͷƺǰ֡
ǸҪİѵǻ޵Ļô
˵ǿʣܺ޺Ϊơ
лֵܳ
Ӧνмĳŷƹ˹֡
ν磬ﻰǾңѾĳֻǹأĻأ
һЦ⣬뷽ǱˣõӶǷӦ
ܿģӶˬĸԣܿıƴһš
Ϊ㲮ߣҲ˹Ҳº͵΢ЦֻǸСѾС죬ԭض˶ţǸվһԣһЦӶ̸˵Цķƣˮ¶һĨ档
ֵˣƺûһӣܴǿߣȴЩ³Ӷǻ켣һ飬֮Щӵһʵͱǿ׳ĳһȣֱϵµΣЩϿƣҪСˣԼСôճأ
лλСֵܳȣ
˸ǰлȴƷס
ϲʹðΪӵһӣӦģ
Ȱοš
ˣһҪл㣬Ȼ
΢΢ỨΪȣԲһֱ£ԻĿ
ãһһ£ԭ׸ȴǳΪ˳ӵĴǣ˭Ҳû뵽˵顣
ˣĻкñģ
лӾ֮
΢΢ŷƵһ򸣣ᣬΪ˫΢һĨҫ۵ѩõķֱƫͷȥֱӣȴַһ˫Ϊ߿Ŀ⣬ʱ΢΢䡣
С㲻ؿˣ˿Ǻ޲Ҫˡ
ΪϷʵӷƿ˵õ΢΢һ㶣ǿԼҪߵСѾߣʱĺһ䣬СöԺƹҵľˣ
С㣡
СѾһŭĶ˶ţС̫ˣһﻵĺܣղûһֱ
С
΢죬ֹ˵ȥ
ƵĿôӵĹ۾أֻǣڵ֮ڣܹģֻͶѣûڡ
ѵԼƯ
ˣʱֱԼĪ뷨ߵ糺졣
С㣬
Ƶϵߺ죬СѾ΢΢һſС죬ĸԼʱסֻͣʲôĻҪسˡ
ƹӣСʵûжġ
֪
ͷҲΣΣֱŮȥų˿
ٺ٣벻ϵܾȻϷҿĳСΪεӢ۾˺øˣ
νչͷЦ
ûе¡
ЩЦã֪ԼôҲǽͲˣɴֱӸЩӶȥʰڵϵĻȥˡ
ʧǱȻģҵģ˵˶ѣûڷƲźۼĵĨҩ֮ҲܿǻָõӶǾ治ѣֻǸ˼һ۴Цķơ
꣬пܻһλλҩʦ


570 кñ
ʥҽ򣬺ʣΪ½ҩʦĴӪʥҽʥأҲҩʦĺ̨ȻҩʦԶԶֹˣ˵ʥأ˭ʥҽʥص飬Ϊû֪ԼԺʲôѡ
ҩʦǴ½˶ԸһȺ壬ˣİȫͻòϣˣǵòǾֻܵ죬Ҳвħʴ
ԣҲ˵ҩʦʥҽˣ
ҩʦ׷󣬺ʣԼҽԣϴаųڴүӵĹĲȬ֮ʥҽһЩϹŶǼҴҵĸȥаųǣȴǰ飬ǸʦǱ˳ʥҽʥػųҪ̫Ϲְ֮ҪλʦפǣҲǺ޽ʦƺôƾʧһ㣬һʱΪҩʦһ漣봫˵

ǻƷϿ֮·̣ӶΪ˳żһЩС鷳⣬δóӵٶĸ·УνĻǣҲԽԽ
ЩӣҲûб¶ʲô̬һֱӶͬͬסͬ·ûκεԹԣ㣬õǸǸСѾߣǲ첻ѣرǸߣѾµ꣬ԻһλƷײ͵ҩʦ
ҩʦʣǾԵĳߵģʥҽ򣬸С֮ڣҩʦᣬҩʦ֮ڵǾΪάҩʦ׼ģ˸ѹĳҩʦֻҪʵҩʦԻ֣Ĵ壬ҩʦᣬǶֻ
ԣҩʦǾǸ߰ģӣҲǸһȣǣǰ꣬ȴǽԼһѰ˶ѣ㣬õߺΪ⡣
ԣпʱҲڷǰȻ죬ݣȴڰдŷƵԼƣҲʵ˵ˣаҪȥֻ;籩ʧ˶ѣƼٵĺ֮ԣÿζ޹ȥȴǴ޻ϵĸоõΪơ
ҹ䣬ǵ㣬գ໹ϰ·̣ǾܵˣֻǣûлϲüͷȻҲǽһԵСѾҲ԰̾
ɫ仯ԭЦϵӪҲǱð࣬ЩӶҲҡͷ̾ϢţһϾȻ޿κΡ
һĻȻҲУüͷҲ΢塣
ϧСôˣȴҪ޸֮֡ˣ
ν̾Ϣһ
޸֮ˣ
üͷһתͷźνʵν磬ΪСҪ޸أ
ˡ
С㵱Ȼϼ޸ҵļϣǱСҪ޸ǸǵĴ
һһӶҧгݵ˵г˷߿
ƻ飿
һ㶣ǳ˳顣
Ǹǻҩʦḱ᳤ӣΪˣﶼԺڣƾүүͷڻںΪһΣС㱻ײֱҪүүףҼܾˣǣǼλȴǿݣҪ븱᳤ʴùϵԾҪС㣡
νϸĽ͵
ԭ
Ƶ˵ͷЩҲ˽⵽ҩʦʥҽĵλΣһеҩʦḱ᳤һܹģ˵ҾܾĻԺڻǾǷչȥпܻᱻҽֱӶ˵
ԭСĳˣǣȴҵİΣַ˻Сĵؾ̫ˣֻǣλȴ뻢ڰ
ΧӶǶ̾ϢţӪ֮ڣһɳصϢ
ֵܣԵĻϣʱܳ־ȳС㣬̫ˣ˺ˣǡ죬ôƽ
νڷӨ⣬ͷ̾
Ǻǣνģ죬ǹƽģ
ǣâһ
Ҫ֪һʵʵĵؼ۷ҩʦݣʥҽڣӦǳͨ裬ôһС£÷Ѷ¡
ֶ֮ͣΪأ
һҹ޻ܿǴҴҹȥӶǶԵЩ·Ҳڵģӵٶ½ֱ֮࣬磬һӴĳвǳǰ
Ǿǻǡ
ʱӶϣͬǦһ㣬ߵģӵˣʹ̾Ϣģһ߿˵ĶǷǳĳء
ԵĻҪԣ˳֮󣬷ƱһЦĸˣѯһǳҩʦȥ


571 ҩʦ
ƵȥνҲһֱһϣߣɫҲЩ
ʱǶΪƺҩʦᣬǻԣôٵȥõһԵСѾһֱûģǰ׾ˣȴסֻǣǵȥӰҲһĨȻ
Լô
ЩӶ˱ǳ긮ȥ
ԭǲģǣȴִҪΪԴҳԺʱĽңҩʦҩʦҲ֮Σõǿ಻ԣǳȥң޷ڻȥ
Сˣ
֣վ긮ſڵʱ۾һ˳ţ긮һţһŻӱǴӴ˳ŻϵɫȴЩӡ
ҼУ

ԣһˮŲĻ

СѾҲ׷
ƽͺã
̾Ϣһǳ˳飬һĨʹġ
ƵҪŮȵĵز飬֪ǣΪ˼ʢʵҲ
ʱҲǴ긮֮˳󣬻һȺӢ䲻Ļ
ͺã
һǰɫ䵭䡣
ϣ
Χ˶ߵݡ
һò԰ףһԵɫҲǷǳĲÿǵСѾҲͷȥһ̻̣ȻʮֵηҵĴϡ
ˣ
߳һʱǰӢ˲Ϊ۷̶ȡ
ĸҪ粽ػС㣬аʧвأҪǵԴ
˵꣬һɫѿУһһ˦䣬˽ȥ
С㡣
ĸ׳ǿ
İɣҲΪѵġ
ǿסǼ⣬ǣ¶һĨǿЦݣȴôᣬһˣôųص߽긮֮ڡ
˷֮ڣ̾һЩ۵ĿԼ绨ĵŮһʹɵӣȻˣָҪأѵҪ޸Ǹɣ
ŮΪԼΪܿడ
ȻᣬһԵСѾҲǿɥֱ
Ͳ΢˽һôһķϣͲᰮϧһԼô
г̾һĿ󲽵˳ȥȴỨ˸ڣСѾߵ֮

ҩʦᣬν˲֪˲·ȴȲĿ⣬Ϊÿ֮ڣҩʦᣬǶǴм䴦ңޱȣΪĽ
ǰʹһĽǲ˳顣
ҲȷʥҽڣҩʦǾ൱ڻʵˣ
ſڴվסֳֳǹΪһɴ˿ɼҩʦĵˡ
·˵صĳˣʹ㹬߶ӰǱԾηĿ⡣
ɨһƱֱҩʦſȥ
վס
ſڵǱԺɵĿ⿴
أΪ飬˵ңҲңǿӦĳҩʦСˡ
СӣǲĽġ
ǵĿĺȷҪôܷС
ŶҩʦҲܽ룿
üͷһһóһҩʦֱϡ
Ƽ߽ҩʦ
ҩʦϵǸµĻ£ˣʱɫɫһЩĿŷơ
һҩʦȻǻƼ߽ףô˵ĺأ
ҿԽȥô
ϵɫƲźۼǡ
֥Ĺ٣Ҳǹ٣ƼҩʦҲҩʦͬݸһײĴڣ
Ȼԣʦʦܹԭҵȵʧ񡣡
𾳽ǿߣݣǲһƼҩʦĸ߹ʥҽ
Ǻǡ
Цһûղŵ·ϣֱ˽ȥûȥƽʲô⵽õɵĺ˿
ҩʦǿɲǺģ
߽ҩʦ֮һϤҩ㣬õķı۾ȫµë׶ҩ㡣
ֻ£ֻеʥҽųǣʥҽʥزŻ켶ҩʦĴڰɣ
Ʋɵ̾˿ڵõ̹ܲҲܲϰߡ
ȥʥҽųǣǱȻ飬ʹҲֻиųǲУڻǱ뽫ǰ˵
ɨһֱۣŹѯʴֵĹ̨ȥ


572 ȥ
ʲô԰ĵô
ҩʦ۵ķѯʴŵǸŮӣվΪʵ
á
ǺǣҪ乫Ļ᳤ʦ
΢΢һЦ嵭˵ţ̬ݡ
ţ
ԣŮɫɫһЦҲĿ
ǣ᳤Ǻôļư
һؿڻɫƺ۵ҩʦպþ⻰ʱͣɨһ۷ؿϵĻ֮󣬶ʱųԱ˵ע⡣
СӸòԴ㶺˰ɣһССĻƼҩʦȻҪ᳤ѵΪ᳤ôľ˼ô
ӻµģò½İɣΪԼҩʦǴʦˣ
Ҳÿ龵գԼûǸʸ񣿡
Ĵ
ҩʦ磬ݵλҲǲηģһ֮أҩʦᣬλ᳤ֻǵؼף᳤ȴǵؼнףһ֮ǧﰡλ᳤ûʸ᳤棬ֻһֱ֮¡
Ѱ˼λ᳤ЩҩʦǶûʸҪ᳤棬ǹĽ᳤ָŻµʱ䣬һֱԼоҩ䣬˴Ǽλ᳤ȥǶҲС±
ͣ
΢ڴ֮쳹ʱЩ֮Ȼֹһ˫˫۾Ǻܲ˼Ŀͬҩԡ
Ũĵزֻڼλ᳤ʱܿĵ
ؼҩʦ
ʱЩǰ֮ҩʦһҰףֲѵĿǵӰ
ŻƼҩʦ۵꣬Ȼһؼҩʦ
ԺܺԼͣ
ɨȫڳ쳹û˸ӣҲû˸ڷ
һ᳤ҩʦǵˣἫĿпܻᱻڵҩ䣬ȥҩʦݡ
ʣ᳤ܼô
ת֮󣬷ɫŻǴһĨ޵Ц⣬ɫЩ͵Ůӣʵ

⻰ӣŮҲ¶һĨΪ֮ɫ
᳤ƢǼλ᳤ȥҲᱻһ٣꣬ȻҲΪؼҩʦҪȥ᳤ֻҲǺѡ
ǻ᳤ʲôλҩʦ
ɫһ࣬ĮһɰȻϢӳõĴ˽Ǳɫ
⿴޺꣬ʱ¶ԼӦеİ
شʦǻ᳤һλؼнҩʦ
ŮӹĻӦЩ֪Ŀ
ȥң
ڴڻصţţǱǼǸӦǵؼҩʦһĮһԵϣǰȻɫƺڵȴҩʦĻ᳤
˻
ڵ˲ɵĵһȻƱӵвµؼн׵ҩ䣬ҪǾ˵ĺ̨Ȼ·ϣǵؼҩʦҲἫΪҡ
Եȣȥ᳤
ŮȻҲеĵЩײĳ漲˽ȥ
ߺ󣬴һĳţЩǰҩʦȶӶЩмģֱ̱ڵأֱ˹ȥ
ȻģȻŻƼҩʦۣǣݣԲһؼн׵ҩʦ
һ뵽ԼȻܲô
ͬʱҩʦҲѣҺ÷ûиȻʱһô
ߣ
һĿ񣬲ûȥǣҲûǸģˣȱȽǣӲҪƽϣµˣҪɱȥ룬ҪģֻǸһ̵ĽѵǱ㹻ˡ
ʱһЯҩ෢ߣŮ˴֮ڡ
᳤
ڵҩʦǹĶ෢߻
š
෢΢΢ͷŮӵָ£˷ԡ
ɨ˷ؿڴĻ֮෢ߵüͷƺǸӦĿ⣬۾΢Цվ
Ҫң
ǰŮ˵ǵؼҩʦȴֻ˻Ƽ߽׻£෢߶챻ˣҲûŮڲҲ̬ƽʵ
û
Цһһ֣һŨҩԻͬһһ㣬ָ⣬΢΢Զš
⡭
ֻ΢΢ĸӦһ෢ͫ͵һűǳŷƱȭʮֹ³쳹õʯ״̬
ղʦ֮ʦ
ף֣ڷǳĵλ


573 Сһ׮
һĻУЩǰԲѷһ˿ҩʦʱһҰ׵̱ڵأɫһƬ̡̻
ղ᳤ˣ
䣬ֽղ
ҩʦ磬ףݸΪһһأرʥҽֵȽƶȸӵ
лʦ
˺ƢղҲ΢΢һ㶣ЩĵŮԥãųơ
ƿһת֮ſϵǶԵŮʵô£
ģƺµЩʲôŮӵ˵֮һǳ
ڣ
ĺһʱϱǶһȺȫװĽϢӣڵĿƺˡ
᳤
Щĳ֣̱ڵصЩҩʦֻ֮
ʦҹۿ˵ͣʦͷŹΰɣ
ʦҲˡ
Ƕǳŷƿš
֪ڣαصأ
ɨһۣûвɫǳһԵղ˵ղ᳤ξ˰ɡ
ʦ⡭
ķһЦûв֮ɫղ΢΢һ㶣֮ɫ̾ʦղ̾磡
룬λãȥһУҩʦЦ㵭Ȼ
Ͽлʦ
תһ
лʦ
лʦ
ԣǶһң֮ڳҩʦǶǵ͵һҲԴΪѵ£õĻǵķá

徻ԺڣﷶΧҩԣͬҩҩһƺҲἸꡣ
ҩ֮ڣһСͤһλ෢һҩʦ۵ꡣ
δ̴ʦ䣿
΢΢һС裬ղ²豭ʵ
ǰǳĺ棬Ϊؼ߽׵ҩʦȴ˵ᣬӦþ֮
ºƷ٣
һ΢ЦĻشš
Ʒ٣
֣ղüͷ΢΢֣ǵһõɻ󣬲ܿ㷴Ӧ˹ǿʵ֪ƴʦν£
ǺǣðǰҪҪղ᳤æ
Ҳ²豭Ц˵
æƴʦ˵ֻҪղĳܼģƴǣ
ԣղ꼸ű֤š
ǷΧڣû첻飬˵ˣǻʾ
켶ҩʦ̫ϡˣʥҽ򣬰ϵģҲʮλѣԣѰĿУؼ۷壬ǾѾˣٸߣǾܱʥȥΪϹˣܳ䡣
ˣСӾлղ᳤ˡ
Ƴ˹֣󻺻˵һѣһЩ鷳ղ᳤һ
˵ţǼ˽˵˳
£
ղһ㶣ɫҲǱĲôÿȻҩʦλߣǿŮ֮£ȴΪݣ·ԼϽ֮ڣһҪȥǿһؼ߽ҩʦѣⲻǴҪԼѿô
ƴʦģ£Ҷôʦ⣡
ֱӴ˰ƱҲŷ˱ϸ̸ҩڷƵָ£ղջҲΪḻ

긮ſڡ
峿һȺŴ׳Ÿ䣬ͬһɫӽͷһֱӵ긮ſڡ
ȫǵĹעǼվںмǸ֮ڶӿһĨ߿ɫСӣҪܲĳȥȴԵĳס
˶֪Ҫʲô£һЩڵĴСֺõǰȥģõǸϵĵʤһ˺ƺƵ긮ſڡ
긮Ĵű򿪣ҴһڻĴӵ˳ϵĵĮҲѾϵһĵЦݣΪӭȥѽԻ᳤Թˣӭӭ
˵˵
Ϊʡȥġ֣ϵЦʤһ˫۾гһС졣
Ե꣬ȴǳһץסҴϵֱۣɫеʵϣﻹڼаɣβ˰ɣ
Ҵǲźۼĳ˳飬ĵԹӷģڸڣұ֤죬ԹӾܳΪҵŮ
ģҪȥ
ЩżˣֱۣҪ긮ܣȴһԵ߸ǳҲֻƲֵվƺ뵽ЩʲôһƬȣǣĹӡ


574 Ī
أ
һ֮Զ˵ǸСѾڿʱһ˫۾ҲѾףɫԵĸΪ㲣һԵȻҲòȥ
Ȼһҹδߡ
أǳ쵰Ȼû֣ļһǺľҪĿСô̫ûˣأ
һֱûȵƵĳ֣СѾ߱߿ޱš
СƹѾһΣѾˡ
Ȱο΢Щɳƣ۾ҲЩףڣһƬȻҼ
С㣬ƴȥ
һԵҧҧ顣
㲮ⲻеģҲҵҵļ岻ܣԣҲӡ
ھȻ¶һĨᶨɫ
⡭
Ϊ֮࣬˵ֻص̾Ϣһ
أС㣬ͲΪԼ˽һô
һԵСѾ߿Ȱο
ĻվſڵĸҲȻ̾Ϣһ
Ǻǣ˽һֺηأ
һЩϤƮ˽
Ǹ쵰
СѾ߾г˶һϲ֮ɫ

֮ڣҴһЦݣϵԱЩϲάš
ϣأ
һԵӣɨһȦûмӵĳҴ׷ʵ
ԹԵȡ
ɨһȦڣҲڣϵɫĵ˵һ䣬ǴҴææĳƫȥ
鷿ڣҲǳҹδߣһ˫۾ڷԳѪ˿ɫ㲡
飡
ű߿ˣһŭҴҵĴżߴ˽
Уǲ뵱ǰɣԻ᳤ԹѾӭˣΪβȥͣ
վǰ˫ŭɣֱӺǳ
˵ô
неֽһ˦˫ۣͬһͷ˵Ұһ㣬ƺ
ŮȣεȵĿɳܣͲˣЩ˼ϼһôͰµǺ£Ļأ
㣡
۾ŭɣȴҲ˵
ȷǲκ飬һ֥С£ҲҪ׼˲ʵС
ʵһ˰ڿصĿܰˣ
㲻ҲΪ֮ˣҵѪΪһӣļӦý棬ҫλ
һվ˳ǳ
ˣ
һӣ͵վϢƣŭȵŮ٣ҲǼҫôǾûǵôҵô

ӴӿһɲƣϴɫĺȵڼʣҪˣҲô

ŭЦһ֮ϣ뱯
һЩ̣⼸ʮЩϵĸָƣǵУû飬棬ڵһλֻҪǶԼģǾͻԥȥ
ΣǿϯôϯϰΣֱӽ֮ΪǧѷĻᣬ˾һݸģһзµ֮ΪУ
ЦʲôҲ֮ˣҲӦΪԼһҫҲְ𣡡
һվ˳ȵϣƺ˵Ļһ㡣
ҫ
ЦᶼڷһĨ뱯ɫ֪Щϼһ˵ģȥ۾ǵǳⶼ粻
У
ЩתȥȥڿʼҼ
ǣ
һԺܿȥ̣һѿ˽
أ
ϵɫҲȥ
ˣ
ǳ˳飬һķ߿
ãðǣ
ϱĻֱΪѵôڿʼҴڣģȥͣȥ
ǣ
߿첽˳ȥ
ߣ
һ۱ĿµУŭһ˦ߡ
ǵԲס㰡Ȼһļ塭
бݵૡ
ĳڵԺӵʱ˿ţȴǿһǴδЦ˵Щʲôʱ˵ɫЩÿ
ǺǣСȥˡ
һۣվˣֱӶ˵С㣬ǾͳȥνĿ˰ɡ
š
ϵϣûκεĸ淴ֱվµϣ¶Ĩ糺ɫ


575 ᳤
Ҵ֮ڣʱۼ˻Ǵļ˶ǴЦ⣬ֻǣڿ֮˵ʱǵɫ֮ڣٶһЩġ
ʵڳˣжף⽫Ҫĵʲô£ңϷǼʡ
ҩʦḱ᳤Ϊ˺̨Ҳǳ˱Ȼ
˵Ĺά£һǻϲЦݣ۾гһֱߣ𵶵ڱҼλãȻĽһС
Сˣ
洫һȫĿⶼǳǸ˹ȥţǱǼһǴδ꣬ͬ˽
ǻˣΪ߲ǣҲ΢˵ƾ٣ȴмһˡ
ǿΪڣֻٵ
ȴǾȫ
ԭ΢Щ㲵Ƶ˼ҩ֮Ǿһžµӵĸйˮʤѩ˸һɫȹǽ͹µ˳е쾡£˫ڳȹֵ֮ԲȣͬһһȫӵĿ⣬һЩ΢̿ˮĴ

۾һֱ˹ȴǷһԼǰסȥ·ϷʵĿԼʱɫÿ
ǣ
ǣҲʲô΢΢𣬡ÿ㣡
⻰һȫˣǾ㵵Ŀ
ѵô
һԵҴҲסˣվǳ˭Ϊλң
˭ûҪ֪
ƳһԵһǷĵɫתֱӺĻһ䣬ʱõȫ
˭
֪ӦҲҵˡ
ٺ٣Ϸˡ
ɫڳĴʵˣϸﲻϣٶЩֻ˴ڣΪ˶ǲԸұô
Ҫ˵ԺС飬ȫԼκˣǿô
쳹ȫ
Ȼ˶֪ǿнеģǣȴû˸˵ʱƵĻɾǽ㱡ֽͱˣʱλϵʣһ׵ĺڳתͷҴϳʵ곤ϣѵǼԸô
ԸģԸģԻ᳤Ϲ˵ģȥ
һˮæ͵
ҲҪ˵ҪԼ˵
һ
ݺԼҵĸôһֱ֣ĨڰȻû˸˵ʲôֱǻ˼㣬һǵǴ󲿷棬õеΪջ
Լ˵
˺ĺǳ⣬ϵһҲѿ˼㣬ƴġ
ҡҡ
ڷƹĿ£˿ҲԸڼˣ
ЩڰĴ쳹˶Ǵ㵵ĿŮӣƺǵһʶһ㡣
˵һ䷴ĻϴγӣΣȷһչֳǿӲһ档
С㡭
СѾվţҲĿɿڴĿֱͦС㣬Īļ
㣡
ҲǵԲ۾û뵽ȻᷴǿһЦķƣʱ˫𣬡㵽˭ǲôģ˰Һȥ
ǣ
ʱߵļ϶ɫƵĳȥˣҪֱϽ龳СӸѹ塣
ס֣
һִŷ߿洫˽˲ϤΪҩʦḱ᳤ȴһֱվ첽ӭȥͬʱҲõǼɢȥϵơ
˽ŵˣǼ򵥵ôңڣܹܵʵģǾֻһˣ
ҩʦ᳤ղ꣡
İɡ
Щ̵̻ưοһ䣬ϵЦȻ䣬Ũˡ
᳤ôˣ
ʱſڴǴЩηĺõȫ˶Ϊ֮һ
ҩʦǸͷβĻ᳤ˣ
Ҫٲҩʦỹô
ղĵһۣڻŴ
ղ᳤
˶ǹĻ
ߣǻǵףڳ֮ϵˣ
ɫ˱䣬һ԰׵ĸ˽˸
ղ߽֮󣬱ǾֱǸǸеİ꣬ϣȻŲ֮ɫֵƴʦˣ


576 ҵľ
ȫžʱ֮ڣٺˣ˶Ŵͣһ˫˫ͫ͵չƺǿ˳ܷΧ֮顣
ЩĴҵЩϣԼү˶Ŀ࣬ǰһĻþ˵
ҲǿɰſС죬ŷƵ飬ƺǵһʶôһ㣬ǲ˼ɫ
һԵСѾߣǲҲ̶ãһֱԵһˣǿϰߣ͵ԼСȵļһһֱкøУǴηƳԷƵĿҲûĹۣǷֱȥ֮󣬶ԷƵӡ󣬸ǲ˼㣬ղţͬ٣ʱǶǳĲڣҩʦ᳤ҲҪƷΪʦʱˣ׵Ĵˡ
ɫɫļһʲôͷ
ǸлΪ㲮ߣһаһȻ
ڷʱ䣬ǰƵ޸֮ɣܻһλĵؼҩʦһ꣬пܻڹ᳤Ƚ֮ϵҩʦ
켶룬ؼ۷壬ǾԵģ
˶ףʦʲô˼رΪҩʦʣһ˵ƺǵͼԸ߼ƣȻ֮ͬ䣬Ҳõʦƺȴ𾴵
㣬ھͷǳˡ
ҵļϣһ뵽ԼȻҪȥһҩʦ᳤֮ϵĴʦ֣Ǿһңɫ
ƾ֮ǰΪңûĿܣ
ؼ۷ҩʦǿѾվ߲ˣ켶ʥأҲǹϼģԣߣһĶǷרҽҩ֮ϣһ֢֮Żгɾ͸С
Ǻǡ
ЦǱһЦû˿ŭƽĿɨȫ˶ǵͷȥĿֱӣرҵļΪϣǴ죬үҲһ־塣
ľȱҲ̫ǿ˰ɣҩʦ᳤ҲҪ
ݣղ꼸£ѾӹˣڣֻܵȴоΪܸоɺƥƣңκ˸һ˿춯Ƕᱻֱ˺鵱
̸ϣҵλίġ
ƽͬشһļ䣬һɡ
Ǳ׼ú˵ŮӣȻλǵؼ۷ҩʦľˣ
ʱǼҪϢˣ
֮룬ǶĶ飿ڣǾȻ˶ҪΪŮӣûһΪ˵һ乫Ҳ˵˶ѹɣ
ˣѵĻкñô
ʱвɵĶôһͷǰһУƺѾǽ
бǸ
ԣղĿǷϣŮӵҲжţһķҩҲûԴӹʱ˵Ůӵ¼֮ɵģҲôĵŮӣһ
ǷʩƣôнĴԵأ
ȫûһ˶ŮӲʵΪ£ֻԼ飡
һĻСѾߣȴǳ׵ıжˣһĵϿɷǸˡ
ǵģûǾ֮ûηȨߡ
ҡ
ղȥʱԵЩæңæ֮
ΪҩʦĻ᳤ҩʦһʧְٴλ
ղһٴι˹֣״һҰףǲ磬ֱ̱ȥΪϣѹʤˣ
ڣ
ղһȣĸȫװڱɱϢ׳˶˽ֱվԼүԡ
ߣؽã
ղһ˿Լү֮ԡ
ҩʦĽ˴֮󣬴ٴ˳֮УЩˣҲҴ
ԺҲϣκٸΪҵľˣϲ£ô
ɨһȦƵĮĻ쳹ȫõһ
ס
ǼϣĴǸǿٵĵͷµǰꡣ
׾ͺãҾЩ˻ǲף
۾ֱҴϣ̣ĳǼֻǣʲôǶϲڵһλ㣬ʵͷǼҲмƵġ
ѵô
Ҽɲղ̤ǰһŭǳ
ҵˡ
˵仰Ҽλϼѡ


577 
иϹ֮󣬱ǿλǿţĳϵͷϴĳ棬ʱڵţĿǷղϡ
ΪҵļҲǺղй֮ԵȻϵҩʦĻ᳤²ԥֱ˴ڣӲǽ룬һΪоһǿƥѹԼɫ䣬ֱǰȥվԶͣ£Ļмղ᳤
ղתͷɫЩ㲵ӣ΢΢ͷ
ôŮģȻĻ֮ˣȻģҲû취ȥκ¡
߳ЩĴڶһĨĽ
תһȦգһҪˣڣƺһֵĴȣңĿǰƺ֮ԼǸΪι̡
֮ǸĻһȣأһĿȻ
ңǶܿƺСݸ߹꣬İˣڲ⣬ǿǶܹĵ

һ˹ȥ
⡭
ɫ󣬻ĨߺŮһЩӦŽĿ˷ϣλǣ
Ǻƹӣ˻᳤ˡ
ţ꣬ɵľ͵ͷȥֱӣǺ࣬һԵСѾ죬Ҳû˵ʲô
ƤԣǣҲأôһҩʦ᳤֮ϵ꣬Ҳ֮ǰǰԶΪˡ
лƹ֮
һæлһ仰еʱԳϵҲǲ˸˾Ųʮ
꣬ı˼ĲҾ硣
ʵӦõлң㽫СĵҲѾǲݴ֮ˡ
һ΢Цڿ֪֮׵ģԼŮģǣ̬ȣԾͻ࣬뿪Ц˵
⡭
һ㶣˹ƺԼŮ붯ҩʦ᳤й֮
ʱһӿһĨ
ƣ˿֮ǳ޴飬ʱȴһĪĻԵ컻ĻᣬѾܹĵպڻڣƣԻȥ
֮󣬼ÿ嶼ôģʱǧ󣬻ǳΪ֮еһΪ֣û˻ܵѹΪԽԽפõĻǼ֮ڳΪһǼĳУԶ
һ֮󣬷Ʊղ꣬ǸСѾߣ㲮һͬҩʦ֮ڡ
Ǵҩ֮ڵСͤղСѾҩ֮Ѱ˵⿪֮Цٴλصϣһʱ䣬Ҳǡ
ƴʦȻǿղĳ̾硣
ǰһЦ꣬ղпһ
ϣûио־ӸµİҲûڹӣ׽ƺͽԼһͨһ㣬㵭ȻԣУ
ղ᳤ˡ
䲻ıһ䣬ϵЦݱЩȻˣͷЩڨڨ˵š
̫ظˡ
һദղҲ׷ƵǸʲôϰԵˣ˸ݣҰףˣ
ƺҩҲΪⰡѵҲҩʦɣ
ҩڣڸҩ֮߶ղЩɻ˵
ղ᳤
һվŵĺ㲮˵ˣҡҡͷСһҩʦڲҩ䣬Բҩʦ
Ŷҩʦ
ղ۾һֱ˹ȥһѯ֮Գҩԣ󣬿Ŀ翴һһ㡣
ʰҾãһؼҩӦúⰡ
»ص֮ͤղˣõĺ㲮Բ۾
Ŷ
Ҳǰһղ᳤ҩʦỹеؼҩô
ȻС
ղ˵ͷ
ŶһؼҩҪʲôأ
ָڣǻŰ侧ء

ղ㵵ĿŽ͵ҩ̳УǲҪκδ۵ģΨһҪ󣬾ܹܲںҩĴڡ
ԭ
ڨڨһЦôղ᳤ܹܲСԿأ
һʣһվŵĺ㲮ҲΪĿղꡣ
Ϊ˵ؼҩʦɾֱӸһűԺڻǣûٸ۸ͷȥ

֮⣬ղҡҡͷƴʦᣬСʣһؼҩ䣬ȫû⣬ҵ˼Ը߼ҩ䣬ǲܣںϵؼҩҲٰ


578 ¶ļ
ղĽͣ㲮һϲ
ղ᳤˼Спܹ켶ҩ䣿
Ҳټ¶һĨ죬ʵ
켶ҩʦǴʥأҲһѣѵʥҲʵʣֿȱɼ켶ҩʦϡг̶ȣ⣬Ҳעˣ켶ҩʦǸ߹Ľεݡ
û
ղ˵ͷк֮󣬷֣óһɫҩóһƴʯѹҩ֮ϣ뽫Ʒʯ棬Ȼϸϸ򡣡
š
Ҳƺʶʲôķʯ֮ϣ󻺻ı۾ɫһƬƽ
ʱ˶ЩŵĿʯ֮µǱҩ䣬һԸСѾߣҲһĿһС
ˣ
Ź죬ʯ֮µǱؼ׵ҩһһ貵ĹâֱӾҪڣȴǱʯ
Ȼ
ղһ˷ܵĽеֻ˰ʱ䣬ͻҩϿɣ˵ǱߣҪ֪Ҹʱ򣬿˽һʱʱ䣡
Ǿ˵С㣬пܳΪ켶ҩʦ
һԵĺ㲮ЩĪʵҲЩ
ʥҽˣ˶ף켶ҩʦһʲôĸһϿɣֱӻΪʥصĹϣ
ǸСѾߣҲһĴ㵣ЩȻ
ûɿܣǵؼ߽ףܸߴųɣ
ղҲصĵ˵ͷȻŻûӦʵС㣬Ըһͬǰȥʥҽųô
ʥҽųǣ
㶣Ҳô£ֻǣϣû˿ϲɫ۽ⲻһһŵķƣǧѷĻᣬƺԵЩԥˡ
С㣬ĿȥԣҸұ֤ļӦĳң
ղԵЩˣ˵

ƺЩԥ
С㣬ϽӦղ᳤㲻ܳΪʦȥʥҽųǹҲѽ
һԵСѾҲ
С㣬ǳΪ켶ҩʦܾпѵ˰
㲮ҲǳȰ
ǣƺûʲôЧԴˣΨпЦӵмλ֪ôῴŮеأ
ҲѵУܾ˺ĵŮǴӦұ֤Ǹߵ֪һҪһƤʲôĴܲñȫǻͷϣʱŮӣ͸ûˡ
ǺǣʵҲҪȥһʥҽųǣңҪǰҲʹô͹Уһͬǰȥɣ͵ΪС
ЦһΪƽ˵š
У
ʱһɫЩ԰ס
ǰҴаųǶ;籩Һӵһ٣СȣԲżһ
˺ģƾ͵ûпĨȻһ㣬һҧһҪȥģֻǣȥ֮ǰ뿴ĵС㣬ܹܲΪһλλߵ켶ҩʦСĳ켶ҩʦԺʲô£ҲùǺǣֻǣϣʱСɱҰ
᲻ģ
żĽ͵ĺ˿֮һĨᶨŻղ˵ղ᳤Ҫȥԡ
ããȥţ
Ӧղϲɫֱӱȥ˳ȥƺᷴһ㡣
㲮ҲǸСѾ߳ҩԣ·֮ͤڡ
Ůϵߺ죬̾Ϣһɷϵģ̲ĵԵɡ
СʵҲûôãڵңһУңҲ٣ҲֵŮġңѾλ֪ˡ
һЦ˵ѾΪί񣬵ǣһɫĲҰף֮ˮҼõķһæңҲ֪ҪôοźãֱͷƽƲϸ˵˵õڻǺұھܾɡ
ΪζʣԣұҪȥأһȥʵҲûоԵİգԡ
ƴ磬ҵ
û˵꣬Ǵ˵˵䣬һ죬ֱ˳ȥֻʣһ֮ͤڡ
һԵɡ
̾һҲվ
췢£ܿʹǣ˶ڸ̾ĺ˺ñõϢĺνˣҲǼ֣ǣ¼֮󣬱Ƿ˷츲صı仯ڶ죬һ˱̤ȥʥҽųǵ·;


579 ʥҽų
ҩʦ½һȺ壬СҩʦΪҩʦҪ˱ֱǾǧˣֻҲҩʦҩȥģִҩʦҪ˻һҩʦΪǶڳ࣬ΪҩԵʣҩҲܴ壬ԣ°빦
    ʥҽųǣһ˵еĹųǣԶűǴڣд˵ҩʦԴأλе֮񣬾ﴴ˵һҩ䣬֮Ϊũҩ䣡

ڻصλǿߵЯ£һ·ϲûʲô鷳е·֮ˣҲǱλǿ׵
꣡
ʣһǼӶתۼ䣬ǲټ
Σǰľ˶ѣƣղ꣬Ǹǿߡ
Żܵˡ
ղͷһԵķ˵
Ŷ
ӦһȴҲࡣ
ʥҽ򣬱֮аҪǿߣҪ·죬·̣֪
ղ᳤ʥҽųû켶ҩʦ
뵽ڵʵ
켶ʦ
ղһ㶣ڱһɫ͵켶ʦȫΪʥصĹϣǲģֻʥ֮ڣܵʥߵı
ֻʥڣ
üͷһأҲǣ켶ҩʦεȵÿʥأǶѩʥڲ㱣ǿҲһʥصĵ̣
ôһҪڵǾͱȥʥҽʥزˣõķЩա
ղ᳤ҪʥأҪʲôأ
ʵ
ʥأ
ղ㵵Ŀһ뵽ͱͳɾ˵ؼ۷壬Ҳ΢΢ȻˣƴʦȻǵؼ۷ҩʦǣҪʥػкܴѶȵġ
ŶѶȣ
ƣһȻ
Ҳǣؼ۷ҩʦ֮࣬ҪʥأȷǧѣҩԣƾʥӦûˡ
ƴʦѵҪʥҽʥأ
ղһоƾ䣬ʥأû⣬ᣬʲô鶼пܷҲͻ켶أ
ʱûǸ㣬ֻҪȥ顣
ҡҡͷ˵
£
˶Ǳ˵Щסʥص£ʥذ£ǿ췽ҹ̷飬ΪǸʥصˣǾԲᱻģرʥҽʥء
ԣһ˵ʥأҪʥذ£õЩ⣬ǺɵĿ
ѵҪʥزɣ龳Ϊǲܵ飬һ˾׵Ľ
Ǻǡ
Цһûнʲô
һ··ûͣЪֱ죬һɫĴǣǳʣԶԶĿȥоһ򿪵ҩ䣬׳ۡ
ԶԶģһҩֱ˸еˬ˼·̵ķƵˣҲǾΪ֮һ
ʥҽųǧ״һ˱
ҩʦ֮
ǰĹųǣƲп
ԶÿһųǼѾǲĴˣ£ƺܴݻǣֽʯĴڣ֤һС
Ǻǣƴʦܻ֪ʥҽųǣǱҩʦУȻҲȥģңʥҽųڣǲϵؼǲԳΪҩʦ
ղһԽ͵
Ϊؼнҩʦһڣҩʦ᳤ǣų֮󣬲и֤ͨʸѡ
˵ʥҽųǣ˳ǶһǵؼҩʦѾҩʦߵĵز
һ˱ղ˵ʥҽųǵһţܵĲʱ򣬱Ѿվڳǽ֮ˡ
ΡΡųǣƽԭ֮ϣŷ˪ʼһ
۾ϸϸĸӦţһĪļƣõ˽ȥãų˿˹
ųǵĴڣΪʲôΪҪֹɱ¾Ϊλࣿ
ƺ֪еԭ򣬵ǣ飬ֻֻվڴ½۷Ⱥ֪
ܾãų֮Դڣһ⣬ƺ֪ڡ
ĳţʮңڼղϵİɫ·֮ûǸǿߣȴǱѯʲ֪ԭֻеؼҩʦʸһڣƼҩʦȴֻʸ񣬲ڷ¶һҩ֮˱ǽ뵽˳ڡ
Ϣһȥҩʦᡣ
ѾŰɫղô˵ǣһ˱һջס۸Ҳǹףһһʮ侧Ƿó侧ʷã㹻ղһˡ


580 
ҹ䣬ڵĻ֮ϣȺ貣۳һصͼ֮ͣԹ۲󣬲ŴһصĴ
ҲһڣǶΪӦ˵ǰĻ֮䣬Ҳ̲ĪĵȻ
ƶԻص֮󣬱۾֮ڣһƬ˼ɫ֮УһЩϲ
ղ᳤˵ʥҽų֮ڣؼŸҩԣҩʦȡΪãû뵽⾹Ȼģ飬ѵũҩųģ
ƸпЩŴ˵еļˡ
ʥҽǣһҩ֮أʱ֮Եʱҩ۳ɵһҩ䣬վΰٲٶҩɣأ󣬹ʣһҩ䱻֮Ϊʥ䣡
ʱҩƣ˵ǴǸʱģԣŰ˴󲿷ҩҩԣҩʦȡЩҩԣӦЩҩ֮ںϣӶӵԼҩ䣬߾硣
ҲʥҽųΪλΪҩʦۼصԵɣ
ѵ
һӿֳһĨµļɫǱ۾ϸϸĸΧҩԡ
󣬷ϵɫǱ仯ϲϵ滻
Ӧģÿһҩԣһ£ǣһͬ㣬Ǿǣũҩеġ
Уиܱҩϡ伶ҩҩԣҩҩ֮ҩҲǴڣ
һʱ֮󡭡
ũҩصҩ
ǿϲ۾ΪҲɵЩԣʱҲѹֲסԼˡ
ûϸãϸϸĸӦ֣ʥҽų֮ҩԣũҩ֮صȫҩںҩԣ
˵˵ʵģĵȷȷǵһҩ֮أ
ũҩ֮ûĿǰڵҩǾΪ䣬䶯ҩҲҩ
ôһƲЩˣҩ֮ҲпܻȡǣҩȥѰ
ֻǣЩˡ
һ֣΢΢ԶƸ̾һ
ҩȴ棬ǣȴ̣ŨȲǧ֮һҪƾ⵭ҩ۳ɵǲܵ飬ԣҩʦǸӦЩںϵҩԣӶԼҩѡ
տҲܹͻ켶Ҳ˵
СҲĵƱ۾ڵũҩ֮ϡ
ˣ
ũҩһʱǱһҲļڷ쳹ص
ʹâԣų⣬Ŀ࣬ϼ֮ڣͬһԶoϢ嫣ѹţ˸ֱӡ

Щʹâų֮ؼڵҩԣʱܵĪǣֱȫǳŷӿһˮɣ»ؼ򵥣û˿ˮ
ƣǿһеķһޱϲ⾳УЩϼ֮УƺһΡӰҩϵܣЩҩںϡ
ƺ֮ũҩĻ档
Ҫ棬ȴǷ֣һжͽͣϸһȴǷֹ֣棬ҲģģܲһвĴѡ

ЩȴǷ֣ũҩϵ鵤жѾʱȡҩԣȻںһϡ伶ҩʮ֮һⲻ÷Щա
Ҽӿ죡
ƽһũҩ䷭ٶȸӵĿˣһҳһҳʽԣ̲ش⣬Ȼ͸ӵˡ
ͬһһ㣬ؼڵҩԣĻӴ
ѰҲȡҩΪãΪôԣסųǵҩʦȥȡЩҩԣǣЩҩԡ
ҹ䣬ЩҩʦϸϸĥʱȴǷ֣ؼҩڼٵļ٣ңƺͬһ۶ȥ
ô£
ЩҩʦǶǴĪվ߳⣬ҪȥѰԭ򣬶ǿеһУõǵԲ۾
֮ϣһɫҩԣȻΪһۿɼĲʴ˳ΪһӴϴСƺڱȡһ㡣
ôܣ
һŰ׻ĺߣɫ㵣оƺǼʲô˼һ㡣
ڣųǣһĻҩʦһ뷨ڹųڸ쳹ԭĹųǣʱЩ


581 Դͷ
ÿһҩʦǷǳףûʥҽųҩȡģңΪĳԭҩԻỺȻԶҲޡ
ԣʥҽʥزûй涨ҩԣֻǣȡҩŨ̫ϡòԣûжȡҩʦҩо
ǣܹȡЩҩԣҲֻȡԼҩصǲֶѣͬҩԣȡˡ
ǣǰһУȴǵ߸˳ʶΪܹоؼڵЩҩԣȫˣ
ȡȫҩԣ
п𣬹ųҩʦڵҩʦȫ˳ȫĿɿڴĿǿڵУΪ̫ԣֻȷĳѣȷȷеķλ
ʱųڣ˶Ƕ׷׸ϵµķΧǣλȴǸӵˣΪֻ̫Զˣܿ
Χ̫㣬һƬϰټҿջסǧˣ˭Ҳ֪ǺڵȡЩҩԣõЩˣ޴ֻֻ֣̾ͣ½ŲǾۼǧҩʦңƷƺǲ͡
ûȥҼһѰҲԭģһһˣǾ켶ҩʦɣðȥɲһ¡
Ҫݣ޷ȷˣΪƬˣÿһпǡ
ܹȡųҩԵˣֻһǾũҩ֮ˣ
ǰֵУһҩʦۣоɫ·İ׷ߣЩĺ
ʲô
ΧҩʦǶǾ㵵Ŀ֮ڣһƬ𺳵ɫ
    ũҩ䣬һҩ䣬ҲΨһһʥҩ䣬ܹٶΰٲΪԶе֮
㣬ʥҽųǵҩʦ֪
˵ũҩĴڣ͸ʲô֢֮ΪûũҩβõĲ
˵ũҩô
ֻһȡôũҩӵΪ
һȥҲΪҲ˵˵š
˭֪ʥҽųڵҩԵĴڣǵʱ֮ũҩ֮ʱҩԣԣʵģܹ֮ȫȡģǾֻũҩɡ
ҪϽ֪ͨʥأ
а׷ԲԵ߸ߺʱӰܶȻȥȥˡ
һҹעߡ

ˣ
ũҩ䲻ϵķڷƵ˼УֻһĴڣͬĪ̡
ʱңǴǰ²ڵȻζˡ
ȡЩҩԣǼûʲôôʱˣ鵤ҩԣȻһϡ伶ҩ
ɼûʲôãȡȥҲ˷ʱѡ
ţƱǻͣ

ſڣ³һڴҩЯ֮ɫţǻ
⼸򵥵ĶϵǸбͬʧȥ˶һ㣬ֱӵʧ٣ʱ̾쳹һƬȺɢȥȴǿϹŶվԭأƺҪóģȵӵũҩ˳֡
̫ˡ
̾һЩСƣԭҪͻ켶Ҳôˡ
԰
Χڵҩԣ΢΢һ
ȡôãȻ֣ҩƺһ˿һҲûм٣ƺһֱڱһ΢ƽһ㡣
ѵ⻹ũҩĵش
Ƶ۾΢΢оų֮ҩԣƺֻǴĳй¶һСƶѣԣεЩҩԵŨȲֲܱ䡣
ѵũҩ֮ʥҽʥ֮ڣ
뵽ֿܣһ
ֿԵļʺܴ󣬲ȻһôõĵЩ켶ҩʦϹŶǻ֮ڲˣ
ԲܣΨһĿԣǾиõѡ
ղ˵Щ켶ҩʦҩţʥҽʥ֮󣬴󲿷ֶʥ֮ڡ
ɼʥ֮ڿ϶Ǵǣ벻ŵڣ
ʥҽʥػȥˡ
΢΢ƣţֻҪԼ¶ҩԳʥҽʥأӦòǶ⣬ҩʦʥأûɾܾһλ켶ҩʦĽ롣
ڣҪڵİҪǣҪλдڵ֮ⴴʥĵطûʲôʵĶߡ
֮񣬲ʥĴʼߣͬʱΨһһλƿʵˣ
һҹϥڶ죬֮󣬷Ʊ۾˴齣һ˳ȥ
죬ҲҪȥҩʦӣ


582 
߻Ƿƽ˾ǣʥҽųǣȴΪ󣬶ӿѾʥҽʥأ
ʱõ˶϶ũҩˣ
Ψһһʥҩ䣬˵Уֻ֮һӵʵ֮ƿⲿʥ䡣
ũҩĳɻţе֮ٴγˣ
ֻ֪Щˣֻʥҽʥصĸ߲ѡ
֮һˣÿһλ֮Ƕվ۷ˣеֻ֣Щʵˣ֮⡣
ȻΪûƿĽ
ԣʥҽʥصĸ߲õϢ֮󣬵һ£żȥѰũҩӵߣǣڣ
ҹʥΪ
̶̼֣ʥҽʥؾͽԼͷϣңû˻ʲô
Ͼ˵Ĺȥũҩ䣬̫ƮˣѰУǾǴ˵еĴڣ䣬󲿷ֶǵ֮񻰴˵ѡ
ȻЩϹŶĴ滳ɡ
ʥأǸũҩҩԣ
ֻǻɶѣҲûеӸ˵Ϊʥҽʥأ⣬ɲǼ顣

˵ͬɾƮ죬һͨéС֮ڣƮƮˣǸǺ棬ͬ˵е
żʲô£
һŻɫˣţüЩ͡
ȻӦǱǿġ
Ҳ֪
һԵİʼЩյ˵ϼһ˵ش飬ȴ˵Ҫſ˵
ͷϽ˵Ҳô
ǻƺҲ֪дˣԣȻżϵ£ȴˡ
ũҩٴˣ
Щͷˣµ˷еĲ豭˵ţֻǣΪЩԵʣ촽΢΢ʱõҲǴЩ
ʲô
Я𺳵ľС֮ڴ˳Χͣޣʱȫųȫˡ
ͷ¿ɵ棿
ɫЩٵ׷ʵˣ˶Ķߡ
˵ֵ೤ʱˣꣿôоѾʮˣ
˵⣬δţԹԵֹš
ͷȷֵѣ
һԵİ˴ĳǲסĳ鶯š
һҪ˻ٰ
ôԭŰ갡
ƺһ㶣̾һѽԭŹ˰갡ȥרǵҩ䣬ȥֵȥˡ
˵գ˵վ˦˦䣬ȥ
ͷվס
Щ𱬵Ļһӣվ
ô
һЦ⣬ת󣬱ǻһɻƺԼΪʲôᱻסһ㡣
Ѿֵ࡭һˣ
ðҧгݵ˵š
Ŷԭһ갡о꣬ȥֵˡ
Լͷ­һȻ飬Ҫȥ
꣡
һԵİҲվĿɱˣѾ֪˶ٻˡ
аꡭ
꣡
ꡭ
꣬ͷ̫Ҹ㣡
߼Ǻ˳ӣһҾҪ˵ģ
ٺ٣ԭѾ˰ѽǿԡ
ҲþգЦһ˻ԼһŨ裬˼ڣ˵ҽӵͨʥҽųڣҩγһУƺնΪ֮
˵䣬ɫҲǱһƬ࣬ӵͨҸҩأҷ֣ҩҩÿһ֣ͬ٣ԣȷӦũҩΪ
֮
˴һЩɫе
ʱ䣬ӦҲˡ
һԵͷ
֮½ֶһ氡Щŵ̫ܹ࣬ɿˡ
Σ֪˭Ұ
˭ңʥҽʥֻϵ䣬ˣ˭ӵũҩ䣬Ǿ֧ļң
һЩĪĻСڴ

һˣ˿ջ֮󣬱ǳҩʦȥ
ûͬųĿŵĶʯеģȫҩ۵ȫҩ
ҩʦʥذ
һҩ֮˳Ƹп
һҩڣ۵ϡ伶ҩǶмʮ֮࣬ǣһ·ͣͣ˽ʮ侧֮󣬷ƵĽָڣһٶϡ伶ҩ
ˣ
ҩʦҲǸͣ侧ʲôǿĲأҲʲôּۻۣǿǺܵӵ顣


583 
ǰĽͬڣΧҩƣͬһ㣬еͬɹһ㣬ѰֻҪ߽ˬ泩ǳڴˣټʮ꣬Ƕпܵ顣
ʥҽųǵҩʦᣬҲ½ҩʦܻᣬ᳤һλ켶ҩʦȴʥҽʥ֮ٳһɼλѾֻ̤켶ĸ᳤
ǻҩʦĻ᳤ʱǰǴλǷܹ켶ҩġ
ҩʦſ֮ղŻΪſΪɲĻ˵ţԼݸһ
ղ᳤
ʶһǸݻղ꣬Ҳǿ˵
лλ
ղдϲ˽ȥǷǸǿߣȴǱ
ؼʦܽ룡
Ǹ͵
ԭ
΢һЦһ֣һҩԻ
ﵽ˵ؼ̶ȣʦԽ룡
ֻ΢΢ЩȣǷ÷˽ȥǸǿߣſڵȺ
ֻеؼҩʦܽ롭
ǰ˵ĳ棬ǲźۼĳ˳顣
ʥҽ򣬲ʢҩʦʥѰųǣؼҩʦᳬʮˣǣǰһ֮ȴżٸؼҩʦĲ࣬ͬ
һԵҲЩɵˣƺĿǸ߸ϵĵؼʦֻͨĴڶѣ֣⣬ͨе׵Ĵڡ
Ǻǣ߰ɣ
ղЦˣһͬѯʴȥ
λҪܲܳ켶ҩ䡣
ղѯʴĽŮ˵š
ҩʦ᳤ͷΣûжô
õģȵǼǣ
ѯʴǽŮ˵š
ʮˣʿ
Ǽ֮󣬽ŮӱǵݸһֽΪʮ
ȥĵȺ򣡡
˳ŽŮָƱǿڴм䣬ΧˣĴڷһʯڷһɫĺҩ䣬ʯΧĸλվһλΪɲߡ
ʯǰʮŶӣȺŲԣߣһž·µߴڡ
켶ҩ䣡
һǱҩ䣬бֿ˿Եͫâһ֣óһʯݸȻ֮ʱʯ
ãЩ⣬һ켶׵ҩ䣬Ӧûκ⣬ƺٸߵ㣬Ҳпܵģ
š
ӹʯ֮קģƺԵЩš
ţңһ켶׵ҩѣѲ㣡
΢Цο
˵ĻʱƵƵףڼһ·µļһǰʱ˽һ㶡
һôģ
еĵһ뷨
ǺôĿ
һž·µһ
켶ؼǾ֮һƼ߽׵ҩʦȻڳԣ켶ҩ䣬ѣõĳϵ˶Щܲˡ
һƼҩʦܹҩʦ֮ڣֵ˵һ϶в򵥵ĵطʵУǣ̨൱ӲҪţԣǵҲ̫˸ˡ
Ǻǣʵѡ
Цһƽɨȫ֮ߣ޲һȫǽߵĻ˻ȥ
ǰ嵭Цݣȴ溮ޱȣһĪѹڡ
ϣٴλָ˳ʱһһιţÿһˣʱʱֻҪҩһ˿ӦǾа˳ɵĻܹΪһλ켶ҩʦ
ڣѾаǰˣ䣬ŮǣһģʧܶˣΪƷųĴ󻰣ǲûżȥǴſϷվȺŵʱţƤƵʱ
ڣʱֵ
Լеģ
ƴͶԹ
š
ЩǼǹзŻЩصĲǰȥеıݸһλߡ
ʱ˲עŮֻǿһۣЩؿž·µǽһ
Ůϣǿһɲһϡ
ҲĿԳ켶ҩ䣡
֪ΪΣжͻȻðô뷨ԼҲ֪ΪΡ
ʱʱԿʼˣ
ֻǼ򵥵ɨһۣ嵭˵š
ǰȥ֮󣬿Ǳɫҩ䣬ŵһ̾Ȼƽʯķҩ֮ϣȻ󣬽ȥٻı۾


584 ɱ
óʯҩ棬߳
ʯԣⲻ켶׵ҩֵô
ĸɲҲû˵ʲôȻˣҲǼһˡ
ȥ֮󣬳Щϸ΢ĳҲĳȥһ˫˫۾ֱ˫ͬ񳹵ܷܷ֡
һƽϴŵЦ⣬ƺԴ˺͵ǣһԵղȴЩˣĶͷ˺ˮһ˫֮ɫ
ʱ䣬һһεĹȥϵձЩ죬˵϶ǹһĨϷʵЦ⡣
ѾȥʮˣǱҩûκεķӦ𣬵ǣƵȴ΢΢ߡ
ʱɫƽ޲Ķһ㵭Ө⣬ƺȫѾ絽µⱾҩ֮ڡ
ʮӹȥˡ
ߣǺֻܴʵȴУ
켶ҩ䣬ȻʯΪԼҩô
ܳΪ켶ҩʦҾʥҩʦ
һЩ䳰֮ĴõղɫϽ棬źϼΣ̾һҲЩš
ȫֻзһ˲ΪЩƵĻδţֻǣǵĻȴǸˡ
ţ
ĸɲ߽һ㶣ȫǿʯǵͫ͵һ¶һĨ𾪡
ǵĶ˽һ㶣ǿ˹ȥ
ɽ˫֣ķʯ֮ϣʯ֮£Ǳɫ켶ҩһ̣Ȼһ΢Ө⡣
Ǽı֣
ôܣ
˶ǿǲʱӨ⣬ʱ
˶ǲӨʲôǶйôһ̣Ҳĳ档
ֻǣǵͼҩ䣬⣬ȴ켶ģ
ȫ˺󣡡
һȹһƥƵȫһ˶ǵȥһξ룬ʯŶʮ׵ľ롣
ʱǷӦ֮󣬱ǿĸɲߣػԣĿ⾼ɨܣģƺһ춯ͻ׾ĳ֣ΪվĶǵؼҩʦ顣
Ȼ
ղʱĪЩǲϵĲ˵
û뵽ܹ켶ҩ䣬ңڵʯ¡
Ȼ
һ䣬Ҳǽǿŵĸ
ãŮǳĲ򵥣ӵһۿ֮ôһָоڣָоӵȷˡ
ΧЩˣǸŴ֮ͣڣһƬȻ
켶ҩ䣬ⲻ˵ͨŮԺ󶨻Ϊһλ켶ҩʦô
ʥصʮһλ켶ҩʦ
Īʱûмʣûвеģֻлȵ硣
ŮΪӵĴڣ
ĸɲߣһ㣬ԣһʱͽ˴Ĳ졣
켶ҩʦѾǼҪҲҪػĴڣ⣬Ҳְڡ
ڷϲʱ򣬲֪ΪΣоȻЩţһΣдĵ׸ֶõë
ͫɨܣǷ֣һҩʦ۵ӣһֱû¶˿ϢǰĿֱָ꣬
ʮ
ϣƾȻʮӰӣû˿Уû˿Ϣǻһ㡣
ǿܣ
һʱѾ߽Ⱥ֮ڣǣĸȴûпĴһ㣬֪
Сģ
˵䣬һѣƬƬֱͬһѸٵƬ졣
¡¡
ûκεԥֱһȭǳǸ˹ȥ
ܵǿûбɫһ֣ͬһȭֱڷƵؿڡ
飡
һ죬ͬߵķһֱӵ˳ȥµѪԶؿһƬѪģֱǿȳѪһƬȻ
ôһ֣ͼȻֱӱɢؿڵʹˡ
һĻڵʯ֮䣬һʱûӦֱƵĵɳȥǲǼǸĮӴڣʱ׷䣬һƬҡ
ãǿɱ֣
ĸ߽ɫ䣬ֱȥȭͷХֱӱǺĳӵؿȥ
ӵĿ꣬ƺֻϮͣ½Ų˫֣ճȭҲûֱӭȥ


585 
飡飡
ʱҩʦ֮ڣٲȻΪսĴڣŰΧƻذֱķ飬ΧҩʦҲвٱˣµˣǷĳſӿȥϣһʱҲҽе
Ȼ˿ܣ
ɲ߶൱Ŀɱ֣𶯡
˭ȻǲɱҩʦܻϮɱܹΪ켶ҩʦӣѵѾʥҽʥضԿô
Ѹٵĵũҩϵҩ޸壬Сĵɨܣâ˸
ƴʦû°ɣ
ղ꼱˹Щеʵ
û£ˡ
һ˵ǿȳѪ̱µʱֿһ˫âһߣǱڰһ˫۾ֱֱһֱĿڣûае¶
һѣСģǻһɱ֣
ʲô
˳ŷָһֱػԵһ
λС㣬ô
һ߶Ѿһһߣ볯صǸȥ
˳ȥ
ǿľ磬ҲЩܲˣʱٴοѪղĲ£˴һѿ˳ȥ
ıȫӦòǶ⡣
飡
ҩʦڵıңҲǷˣ˽ĪȫǾ㵵Ŀ򶷳档
ɱ֣Ϊǲֻ¶ǽӽܾ磬ΪӦĸ߲࣬ǣǺηĿֱָһһαˣһһͬһķһһεĳ棬ԼϵĴˣ˿ˡ
¡
һߵһͻ֮£һɱСֱӱѪȻ󵹷˳ȥǣܿǸɱĮϣʵҲ˿δͬħһ㣬಻
ǣֳˣ
ղЩһƬ֡
˭
Ʋͷʵ
½ڶɱ֯
صۣղЩѵ˵

֣оһ㤡
ûٶǰ֯Ͷһ֣ǴΡҩʦʧһλܹΪ켶ҩʦӣ
ղųص˵
ʲô
һһĨ㵡
û뵽ɱ֯ȻɱܹΪ켶ҩʦӣҪ½Ϊô
켶ҩʦݺ磿ߵһʥأǶᱻΪһ㹩ɱ֯ȴУȻϮɱ켶ҩʦȫϳΪôûκεĺô½켶ҩʦŭ
켶ҩʦǣԲһϮɱԼ֯ڣʥҲ
ôϮɱ켶ҩʦǵĿĺڣ
һʱ벻ˡ
ºʥҽʥشŭ£ȫ½Ե̺ʽȴûҵڡİټ֪Լ֣֯ģһ֪
˵ʱ֮ղЩ̾Ϣһλδ켶ҩʦôزڵ֯С
Ϊɱ֯ǧڲðͷԭĬĬŵĵһϮɱһʥصʥӣʱҲ˺ܴĺ䶯˵ǸʥسʮλܣҲǲ֮
֯٣ʵ̫ˣ޼Ѱ
ǧʱڣ͸ϳƵɱ֯еڶͳֵ˵µĵ̡
ʮΣÿһζϮɱ˸صӣҴδε֣ΪˣʥҲʧأǱȴֶް취Ҳûط
⡭ôĿʲô
Źͬħһɱ֣ƵһƬ£ʵ
רɱ־ž޵ӣǶ˺̵һѰҳ֯û⣬ʵ벻ôĺôѵΪ˴ô
뵽˹аʥϮǴΣ˵ֵҲһǿߣȴǱаʥѪɱˡ
ղţҩʱĸ쳣ŵķӦڴʱҲ˽͡
֪
ղҡҡͷҲãȻ
ֹǣʥصҲ벻ףʱգɱ֯ѾǳΪ˴½ͷŹС
ڶǵһ˭
ܸ½Ϊеɱ֯ȻڶòԵһЩˡ
ɱ񣡡
ŲղЩѵ˵ɷ
һĿȻȡɱ񶼸ҵѵĳô
Ϊһɱ֯
ипһûȥ
ʱ֮ڵĴ򶷣Ҳӽβˡ


586 ССҪ
˼ҵɱ棡
ҩʦ֮ڣѾǻٻĲӣҩ㾡ޣĴǽڶһ󶴣Ѿûҩʦڴڡ
֯Ŀɱ֣ѾҩʦλߴɱĲΣǣûͣ½µĲһһεĳ棬һδλԵĴѪĴޱȡ
Ҳûãֻǿܶѣٴɱ˰ɣ
һߺһɱ֮
š
˶һۣͷţ˱Ƿ˿籩Ĵһδξ޴ܵĴɱ֮£ܱȽʯĿɱ֣ձҳһ̲ѪĭҲڡ

һУ˶΢ĺ˿ǣûҷɾ衣
ɱ֯һ֣
ܽĿܣαװԵͨˣǿ֣ܲûܹΣǷͫʵΣҲһˣŪãǻᱻ֣
жһĨңʱǲɨܣǼؿһ̲Ѫ꣬΢Ц
һ򵥵꣡
жǸôһͷ
֪ܶɱֵĴڣңôصĴˣȻô̵ʱھͻָԵĲ
ৣৣ
һ΢ƿ֮ڳϵӰ󣬶ǸϢӡ
ǼĲҿ֮󣬽ɫ䣬ǿɱĿǲɢӨӨ֮켶ҩ֮ڶһĨ뾪ϲ
᳤
ĸЩ
ǵ֣
һ᳤ʵ
ǵģ
ţĸ߽ŵľϸ˵˳
Ŷȥ
λ᳤һȻܹʶƵɱ֣ʱжһǶһԵĻԸ
ʱղһĴ£˽
һƼ߽ףһؼнףõλ᳤һ㶡
֪λγƺ
վмǸ᳤Ц⣬ǰһʵ
ҩʦղ꣡
һαӼղԵЩ뼤Ļش
Ʒ٣
Ц⣬嵭˵š
ΣҪлλΪҩʦһλδ켶ʦʶ˵֯ı
᳤볯ŷղ깰ֵл
ղ꣬Ժɡ
΢Ŀһһ᳤ղ˵
л᳤
ղϲæл
λСֵܣҲɡ
ɫ·µķƣǸ᳤ҲЩ棬ĸ˵ʶ˵ɱֵαװԣ΢ԥ֮ҲƷ룡
л᳤ĺ⣬ֻǣСйˣϰ߱˹Ҳû̫־ԣֻ˵Ǹˡ
ƵܣԵղ᳤סĸһڻҲǲĿ
ǧѷĺûᣬ֮Ȼ飿
Ļ˻Ͷ͵ɫ
ǰֵܱȻˣ⻹ûǰһңǸŻƼ߽׻µꡣ
ֻǣСһССҪ󣬲֪ɲ԰
һʵ
ǺǣСֵ㾡˵
Ǹ᳤Цһɫ΢Щ仯
ʱƶҪʨӴ󿪿ˡ
ʵҲû£ǣСЩϣܹõ׵Σ֪ɲ԰
ȻĵеɫǴŵЦƽ˵š
ţ
һǰЦ꣬жһĨ
ڸղţǼôģ
ǺǣϷ
վмǸ᳤ܿͷӦ˹Ǹ⳯ŷƹ˹֣˵ӦõģΪСֵΣ
˵գǰҲǳϵһֵ˹ȥǸеһֱڣɢȫ
ţ
Ǹ᳤۾Щ㵵Ŀŷơ
ôˣ
ƹʵ
СֵܣڵӦһʱ˰ɣ
Ǹ᳤΢΢۾ȴЩ𺳡
Ѿǰֻ̤켶ѾʵһˣǶܹΣǣڷڵȴϺɽ֮ټľ飬ѾܸоĲ򵥣ѾǳĴˣ
ӦǴܾµĴˣ
һ龳꣬ھȻ˴ܵĴˣֱǼ飡
Ҫ֪֮Ҳᱻշ鵱꣬ȻҲ£εȵĺţ
ţвˣ
Ƶ˵ͷܳʵ˵ʵ


587 ȫѹ

ôһ˵᳤ǲ˳顣
ˣдܾܵȻûϿ꣬ңĲ鿴£֣Щʮֵȶûκζ񻯵ĺۼ
ʵҲǵؼҩʦ
ƽʵеףһ֣Գһҩԡ
ؼ۷壡
λ᳤εȵ۹⣬ֻǿһۣǶ֪ʵʱЩľ
ʵ̫ˣĵؼ۷ҩʦʥҽʥ֮ڣҲûжٰңǻΪʥصĵǣԲĳɾ͡
ԭˡ
Ǹ᳤˵ͷЩȻ
Եؼ۷ҩԣά⻹ûж⡣
꣬ǿȥô򵥣
ڣҲţΪֻ飬ӦΪĴڣԾ类ˡ
𣬻أ
ʱȻʥصʥȥˡ
ڻеؼҩ䣬ΪܹܴһⲻʥӼǻʲô֣ǻ
Ǹ᳤ˣܹô
ͷЩʵ

᳤üͷ΢΢һˣҪ켶ҩʦܳ׵ԣһʱҲҶϾˡ
켶ҩʦɲֻŵܹʹģӦҲûκã
ңƱҪ뵽ʥ֮ڡ
ȻѾֵļΪˣǱϾԼʥصˣôððȻĴȥҲϹء
ˣ
ʱһ˵ע⣬ȥ˱ǼվʱѾǱ켶ҩŷӨڣӰҲЩģˡ
ţļ켶ҩ䣡
˿ӨΪѾлҩʦԣûܹ
ǵʯģ
һ׷ԲԵҩʦߺʱǾľ
ӿʼڣӦûһʱɣ
ʵ
ûŹ˲ʮӣ
Ǹ׷ԲԵҩʦĺõĳһƬ֮
ڵʯ£Ȼʮ֮ھͽһ켶׵ҩȫֱҪúݡ
ʱЩƻҩʦһ
˵һҲûȷŮʣǳ켶нҩҲпˣ
ͬ췽ҹ̷һĻﱻ֤ʵ֮һУôġ
ʲôʮӣ
ĸ߽׼ȷʱ䱨᳤ʱһ¶Īɫ
Ϊҩʦܻĸ᳤ֻ̤켶ˣЩ飬û˱ǸΪ˽ˡ
ʥ֮Ǽҩ֮ˣҲ֮֮డ
õʯ
ҩʦжӿһĨҡ
켶ף켶нףǾ켶нҩʦѾܹ֮Ϊҩʦ̩ˣ
ǸղûеǿʯĻǾ͵ҩʦһλ̩ҩʦʧְϵʧ˭Ҳܲˣ˵Ϊǧź
ģ
᳤Īĳĸػʵ
ǣ
˽ҡͷĿⶼǿơ
һˣ
᳤һۣѹѹеļƵǰֱˣȥ
λ᳤Ǹأ
ЩæҵĽ˷
ȷܵΪ˿һλδҩʦ̩
еļֵ޿ɹģ
СֵܣлȻҵһͬǰʥأ
һ᳤ֿϿҵ˵
ðɡ
һϲ΢ԥǴӦ
ȫѹ򰡣
ʱȫػˣΧֱӾѾ֮ɱˡ
Ө⵭ȥ۾ǰľ䣬õʱһϾǻңЩ̻̲
˭Ҳܲ˰ԭõĹᣬһգۼ䣬ĲƲذϵѪҲͰˣһѵͷûȵĿ⿴Լľ䣬˭ֵܱ
ڷƵĽ˵£ܿͻָ˹ȴһֱקŷƵֱ۲֡
һĻУʱһ䡣
ƺλδҩʦ̩Ѿˣ
λСֵܣǻط˵
һڻĲػһ˳ҩʦȥ
˭Ҳȷ֯û̽ڸһϢһȥ֯Ʊػǲ߲εĿɱ֣ʱ鷳ɾʹˡ
ţɨһΧжپ
ΧϰٺˣȻûһ۷徳磬ңΧСӦöǿߣĻݣƿɻǵһܵ
ģûµġ
һֱο
ûʶԼѾǱ񼶵Ĵˣ


588 أ
ҩʦĽԺλ᳤ľס֮ڷһֻ̤Ժ֮󣬱ǾãһɵϽϣõ΢΢һ
֪ʱԼ˿춯϶ٻԵĴɱ
ԣԺ֮ڣһλܣ
ԼеĸоõķƺܲϰߣȬٻ̤Уһǣڵ˼Ұϵˣ
֮󣬱ֻλ᳤ƣˣлҲλȥʰֳȥˡ
Ժ֮ڣ᳤˿Ӽ䣬ڶǴһ뾪ϲ
һλҩʦ̩ԼǰԼǼ֤ߣ
УҾûǾʥΪȻɱ֯ٴɱ룡
һСڣ᳤ǾЩףһ뵽֯Ŀ£Щ
ҿǾʥذɣ
һ᳤
ţ
᳤˼һǵͷ
²˳٣Ƕ˽ʥأλˣ
Ǹĸ᳤վ
˵գ᳤ִ˳ŽԺȥ
һȫɺʯ̵ɵԺͬһ㣬վ棬ɼӰҺ
͹󣿡
΢΢һ㶣ĲʣȻ봫ʹЩơ
û
Աߵһ᳤˵ͷĿһۡ
ǿ궨ĳʥصʥӣҲӦǺѡʥӼģǣʱƵı֣ȴƺǵһμĳһ㡣
һֱŷƵ䣬Щ̻̣ǣδ֪һУȴǳ˺档
߽Ժ֮ڣƱٴμ˴͹󣬲ڴҪȹ㳡ĹҪС࣬Ǳ˺ҿյҲ㳡ķ֮һ
ѵ⾹ȻרͨʥصĴ͹󣿡
һ
ʥأʤ˽⣬һ֪ԣ뵽ڿԼʶһʥصķ羰֮ҲЩڴˡ
ϣ
λ᳤ǳվڴ͹һԶߺ𾴡
ô
Ƥ΢΢һֻǿһۣǾѹļ䣬õһϢĴ
ϣƸоһǴķ糤ȵϢ
Ȼߣʥҽųǵˡ
ûֻǵɨһˣǱϡ
ৣ
᳤ƺҲ˵ϰԣҲδٴδһ᳤֮䣬óһҴ
Сֵܣϣ
ĳŷ˵
á
Ҳ飬ڣֱһλ£ʱǸ᳤Ҳǽ˴ա
Ҫǰʥˣڼ䣬Ҫʱң
ڴͷƴǸ᳤תͷ˵
ʱ
Ƥһ
ҿڵʱ԰ٱĻǿ൱ٸʱ룬νԶ
ʥؾʲôط
Ʋɻˣϴ߸ĵͼ֮ϣƺҲûбעʥڵλãƺʥأ½һ㡣
᳤ʥѵʥҽڣ
ţɻʵ
ţ
ǿĸ᳤⻰ʱһ㶣תͷΪĿŷƣϸ鿴Ƿ֣ûκοЦ˼
ʥأȻʥҽڡ
ɵ˷һۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ʥҽ򣿡
ԣƸãȻˡ
ʥزԼڣѵܵطȥˣʳǱĴ
㣬÷ôҲ벻ס
ŵ˾֪˼룬ûмȥ
ǣһ·ϣƲϵİο˵һЩɵĻⶺģǸ᳤Ҳһһƿشݡ
ʱĺܿ죬Ҳûôùһ·ϣҲû籩ھʱҵĸ·֮һƬͬɾĻǰ
ڳҿ֮Ǹ᳤գǰ˶֮󣬷߳˴գ̤Ƭδ֪ء
ף
µĸоûʲôףһأǣΧԪȴҪŨʮңı仯õķһ
⾿ѵ½
һܣƸɻˡ
ǰ磬ȻҲܹ󣬵ǣȴǾãƬƺһҲƬأ嫺ƯһƬһ㡣
ҲǾˡ
ǰأŸָҩһۿȥϡ伶ҩȻ֮࣬һƬҩǧֲͬҩڡ
λ
˵ľȵɫǸ᳤¶һĨЦ⣬кһ˳ʯС·ȥ


589 ǰ
羰续ɽҩҡڣһϢõƢ泩˻һᣬƼĴõ˾紦ɾ
ѵɾɣ
һ·Ѿ˲°ϡ伶ҩŵĹһ£Ƭҩ֣ǧֲͬҩڣ
ֱƿֲ
Ǽضѣ˶࣬Ҳͬ࣡
Ѿɲ÷Ʋˣң½ϣѾǾϡҩ
⵽ʲôط
ȻԪԶԶ½ǣĸоӦû½ֻǣӦһƬصĵѣ
һأ
һţһ߽Ǹ᳤ƹһ֮һĵĳڷǰõɵٴεһ
ǰһƬƽԭ֮Χ崣ϼεȪˣȪ±ڼ£ϼǳ͡Ⱥ֮ڣȴһأԼռ꣬Ȼȫǳ˸ָҩʵϷʰ쵣еⷽͬɾһ㡣
һӴĹڣԶɽ֮䣬ԣӵңɸһ㣡
Ǿҩʦʥ
Ǹ᳤תͷΪԺĽܵ
׳ۣͬɾ
ƿ޵ġ
Ǻǣ߰ɡ
᳤΢΢һЦǴ˳Źȥ
һ·ϣҲƬҩ֮ڣժҩ٣Ůڼ˾ǲɨһۣûǰк
ķƾȻ·Ļ£ǲЩ졣
һƼҩʦĻ£Ҳ˼ô߳ˣ
ЩĿ⣬ֱӽ֮ˣһ·ϣ˵Цõǰŵĸ᳤üͷ塣
ȻƴʱֵҲΪǣǿδҩʦ̩һؼҩʦôܰϣ
ʱҲû˵ʲôΪƣҪ뿪ʥصģԶ£ˣԺעǲκνģ
ˣ̬һʱǰ档
һľʵĹڣɲ֪Ĺľзϸ壬һǳԴʦֱʡ
ſڴͷʯʰ׻쳤Хˣη
ڣҲв˴ڽ
ǣⲻô
һ΢̶һԴ˹̧ͷȥǿһؿžŵ·µߣżӣӹڳԼ˹
ô
᳤ϵЦ΢΢üͷһҲЩơ
ô
ǸһƲ˵ʱ㲻Ӧڹųҩʦô㣬ѽʮںŹ갡ǲǻа֮ôְҪǱʥĳ֪ˣǿܻٱʮڵİѵһӾʹڹųˣٺ٣
ߣ
һһԵ֮󶨣΢΢һ䣬˵ʥȻҪ£㻹ǸϽÿȻ㵣Σ
ҵΣ
ǲõЦݣΪ仰ɨһ۷ˣʱһƼҩʦҲʥǺôĵӣѵ㲻֪ʥصĹôʲôèܴʥأҿϺͿ˰ɣ
è
һ飬ԣ˵ԼʱЩСˣһֱûҲѹֻ˱Լˡ
ľ˵ص㣡
ҲЩŭˣȻƲʥصˣǣܸоĲͬѰңԵıһλδҩʦ̩һ㣬ֵʥأ
˵
ľĻ˵һ룬Ǳں˵ʱһЩǺ졣
˼ʵǰġ
һֻƣָ΢΢ڶָҩöŨƲ㣡
ؼ۷壬ңľãҩԵŨȣԼƺ꣡
ǰèôԼأ
ڷóĨҩֱ֮ӾһĶ⣬ģһԼǰõŭգ
˭ʥҽʥǺξģ˰ץǵɱ֯ļϸ
ľ۾ŭɣ߳ŭĴ
ৣ
ʱƿĵӢ䲻Ӱ˳ϢȣͬǳΪѴ۷塣
ˣ
ŭˣóԼ壬˹ųҩʦḱ᳤ǰʥ᳤ˣ˵ݣûκ⣡
ңҴеĿģǴλԿɷ켶нҩģ
һ仰ͬըһΧ˶쳹Ŀࡣ


590 ¼
ڹųҩʦ֮ڣλʯ̵£ֻʮӣͳɹǲ켶׵ҩ䣡
˻δѹʱٴαһը׵ĽΧ˸˹ȥĿɿڴĿŴŻ̻֮ɫקŷ
ʮӣʯ̵棬ɹ켶ҩ䣡
㣬վģ˶֪ʲô
츳켶нҩ䣬ɹʾڰٷ֮ʮϣҲ˵ŮԺΪҩʦ̩
ʱľɫҰֽ
Ǹؼ߽׵ҩʦѣһλҩʦ̩֪
λСֵܣǽλ֮ʱʹʯ̵ˣڲ;У˵ɱֵټҳɹĻΣϲ⣿ҿϲ㣬ľ
һɫֱָָľţõĺɫǲҰ˼֣Ѿûɫ˵ûλСֵܣҩʦ磬ͻʧȥһλ̩ҩʦж㣬ľȴѪˣǺξģ
ŭĺ쳹ԽԽע⣬ڵ֪ľ֮˶𾪵ĿǸŮ
ʣŮҩ壬ܳΪҩʦ̩Ĵڣ
㣡
ľһ٣ɫѿ֮Ӷ˵
ļҲ̧ͷڼˡ
ô
ľôҲû뵽ҪĻƼ߽׻µ꣬һؼ۷ҩʦû뵽ȻԨԴ֮£λδҩʦ̩̬֮иκνң
˵δҩʦ̩ڣľٶһʥļλϵ֪³϶ҵ㡣
ǷڴǰƿܻῪһǣľľٶֱҪԼ֮أ
ҪɱԼˣƴκε֮ģ
ô£ʥ֮ǰֵģɺͳ
һ԰׵ߴʥ˳䣬쳹ȫĿһɨֱӷϡ
᳤ˣ
ϵŭݣǰ
ϣ
ΧˣЩǹĻͷ­΢ȥ
ǰ⣬һλʵʵ켶ҩʦ
š
ߵ˵ͷɨһۣĿǷ˷ϣţĶûƶĿ⡣
᳤λڹڲ켶ҩʱʯ̵棬ֻʮӣͽ֮ȫ
ʱҲŻš
ʲô
ԣһһĨ𾪣Ҳ޷ҩʦ̩ҲֻĴڣЩ׷ʵȷ
᳤λԲ֪ˣ
ϾҲû
úãλ룡
ԵҲż˵
ǣ£һ˺ƺƵıһͬ˽ȥ
˶ϣܹ֤һλδҩʦ̩
߽ʥ֮ľȴվԭأɫò̾һһڵӣֱųȥӴգ

ʥ֮ڣ˶ΧһȦеĿⶼǷ˫ܷܷ֮ϣŵĵȴ漣ķ
ʱ䣬һһιȥʮת۹ȥˣϵˣٶЩţҲû⡣
ϣƽĿ£ƺҲˣһ˫˫֮ڣŽڴ
꣡
ԭž޲ҩ䣬ʱһӨţٶԽԽ죬ڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣҩǱһҫ۵ĹâҲڣӰ
ţֻʮ߷ӣ
һ쳹ʱǾһһ˫˫ڣ𺳣𺳣
ǿܹ켶ҩ䣬Ѿ൱һˣ
ʮ߷ӣȻֻʮ߷ӣ
Ľе
Ҳû뵽βԣȻ֮ϴνԼ˽һʱ䣡
˼飬ǲ˼飡
˸żĹâϵҡͷԣʱ뵭ȻǳϹϵˡ
һȵĿǵӨ֮ڵӰڹĦһ㡣
ʱѾܹȷǰŮ켶нҩļѾܹﵽٷ֮ʮˣ
ʥһλҩʦ̩
ʥŮ켶ҩʱʮһӡ
һ˳õһ
ȷģʥҽʥصʥŮҲҩ壬ģһ켶н׵ҩ䣬ʱ˲ٵĺ䶯㣬ϵ˻Ǽµġ
ʥߵļ¼ʮ˷ӡ
һʱϵɫһ


591 ڵ
ʥҽʥأ˶£Ѿ޴ӿ֤ˣ£ʥ֮ڳľž֮ˣ켶ҩ䣬ߵļ¼ȴʮ˷ӣ
¼Ҫֹڴˣ
˵ļ֤֮£Ůȴֻʮ߷ӶѣֱӾͽʥص߼¼ˢˣ
ԣЩ˿Ŀ⣬ֱ磬ȣݣ
ϣϵˣ󲿷ֶļʮǣ츳ϣȴ˫֮ͬ
Ҫ֪½ϵҩʦ̩ʮˣ
̩ݵλһĿȻ
Ǻǣϲղźһ¼
֮󣬷绹Ц⣬Щп˵
Ҳû뵽ĵŮȻҩ壬ֱõһԭƻͶ·ŮֱӳΪʥҽʥصı
ңĿǰΪʥŮҲǲ޿ܵ飡
츳ѾʥŮˣ

ΧЩȵĿ⿴ţܲϰߣЩ̵̻Ķڷ֮ӿ糺죬ͷ̧𣬷۵Сź˼Σû˵ʲô
ôһĻʱõΪ֮ۺ졣
òȻûǵĵزǣº͵ʣȴǣܶ˵ģõ̲סҪȥǻ
أһؼ߽׵ҩʦѣȴܹõλԺҩʦ̩ģõǼ֡
ԼЩöã
ŶԼȻŮ΢̾һԼǷµծƺеˣԺ󣬸߼Ů֪ٲҪ
λ룡
ǸΪϵ߷Ӧ֮ѹסеļ¶ŷˣֱڵȥ
ڹ֮ĳǱ⣬Ե徻õķ΢΢˿
ĻЩ̫ϰߣ
ڴдλȥȥ
һ䣬ǴҴҵһ֮ڡ
Ǻǣλ
Цһк¡
ôҲ벻βԵʱ䣬ȻСһ룬ڣɣȥԣҪõʱ䣬̣
пܵ飡
һᣬϵĴ£Ÿ䲻һߴǲң϶Ǵһ𶯡
⣬ʥҽʥصʮ󹩷ϣмλõߣѾѾõҩʦ̩
ҩ壬ҩ壬һ켶нҩ䣬ûκ⣡
һλ̩ɨһ֮󣬱ֱ˽ۡ
ৣ
֣óһҩҩ磬ɫ㣬ǲǰһݣѾվ˵λԿܹⲿҩ䣬㣬ܳΪҩʦ̩
š
ҲЩĪĵͷ
Ϊʥҽˣǳ켶ҩʦλΣҩʦ̩ڰǰ˵ǻǴ봫˵жѣºԼȴҲҪΪ̩֮һˣ
һУ˵һ㣬ܲʵһΣˣξˡ
ȵȣ
ҪƷҩϵʱ򣬷ƳֹľٶЩ㵵Ŀ»˵ǵõʯ顣
š
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ֱҲû룬óƸǿʯⲿ켶н׵ҩ棬Ȼ󣬲ŽƷʯ֮ϣȻȥӦ֮ҩĲ
һٶõʮ˽һ㶣λ̩ҲΪ֮һнһ
ⲻ˵пܸܳߵĴô
ֱǺ֣ⲻô
һ̩źߵŷƺǵһμֺ꣬ʵ˭Ϊλڵ
ϣλСֵܾλ
ǽ˵Ƿٴ˵һ飬õλеȥɫת׷׶ǳȭл
ҩʦһ£
˵ûڣλպҩʦֻ̩һΪ켶ҩʦֹףɱ֣֯
Сӣ֪ԸԸʥҽʥذ
Ǹ̩΢ЦŷƷ롣
ԴˣţֻҪҩʦʥڵĳܻĿŲΪҲôģÿһˣΪԭ
лϵĺ⣬СɢˣܲǸԣ¡
ʵƵȷҲЩĶˣɣʥ֮ڣũҩȱҩȫ룬̫Ҫûʱͣˡ
ľܾõʮλϽһ㶣һĽ£ǲʥصĿġ
С£ΪΣ
Ǹ̩ԷҲкøУʱһֱӴӦ


592 
Զ䣬½Ϸ˾춯صĴսǾǻԵһս½٣ռ飬½ҲΪһս룬ҿ֮УΪСռ䣬ЩСռж٣޴ӿ֤Ҳûܹȫ֪
޾£ЩҿеС磬𽥵Ϊ󳬼ռΪǵľסء
ʥҽʥأҲڶеһѣ

ǾͶлˣ
лϲæл
ܲˬԪתҩҲһֱģĸơ
϶ǵһμӣӵдΪĪȴҪԼ֣Ϊ⡣
Ƶǿȷһ㣬ǸȶԼûҪ֣ȻԼͱˡ
ҪԼ
ԣֱӾͽаʥظųˣΪԼõаʥʥʧǾԲ֣
ǣаʥأԼĸܹһλأ
ǹ
пܣΪ֪Լᣬһͨ鱦ڣԣǹֵĿԻǱȽϴġ
ǣʱǿɲһλܣôððȻĶ֣ǿش߾Բ
Ȼڶ֣ȻӦҲ뵽һȥȻҶ֣Ǳضһİա
뵽⣬Ʋ䲻Ĵһ
ǾֻһֿܣǸߵݣܹѹ򣬻ȫ˹˼ɣ֣û˸ֹ
ǿǸʥصĴܰѵʥ֮ϵ
У
ֻʥ֮ϵģ

糤ϣƵĸоǲּ֮ˣţ߻Լ֡
ô˭أ
벻ףԼʲôʱǵ
ҿ
һ֣ڷƵϣʱƱǾһ֮ҩԣԼֱ֮ڣõ䲻Ĵһ
ͬŰĻ棬ҩԾɾȪ֮澡
Ϊ̩Ķ˵ȷСһ׮ٶ֮Ͷѣ̣ƱǾãڵѾڣЩ𴴵ĲλҲǱ׵޸
ף
޸̵УȻ̽鵽˷άȵҩԣԭҲ̫ע⣬ؼ߽׵ĳ̶ȶѣ⻹벻ۣǣȻ֣ҩ֮ڣһļµĴڡ
ǼƷҩĲ
ڴڵҩԴżƷҩⲻ˵Ҳһλ켶ҩʦô
⡭
۾󣬲ޱȵĿŷơ
ҩ򽻵ڼƷҩҩԳ̶ȣνǷǳ˽⣬ΪҲֲͬļƷҩҩԴڡ
ԣܶ϶꣬ڵҩ䣬Ҳﵽ켶ĳ̶ȡ
켶ҩʦ
ֱʳõΧڽŵȴĳǣǲתͷ
ǰɡ
ͷ˵
ɲ˵Լũҩ䣬ǱЩҩϹŶ֪֪ǻ᲻ὫԼо
ʲô
λϽһһԵĿɿڴĿþ˵
ôҲ벻꾹Ȼһ켶ҩʦ˵λ̩Ѿλϵλƽˣңᡭ½пܣ
λСֵγƺ
֤ʵ֮󣬶ɫɫǷŻ࣬Ҳºˣŷƣǿһһ㡣
ˣʥأҲǹϼĴڡ
Ʒ٣
΢һЦش
ԭǺСֵܡ
ô˵ţȴڹԺһշ֣ûĸΪպƵģʥصʥӣѡʥӣƺҲûһպơ
õĶЩɻˡ
Ǵô켶ҩģڵļƷҩǴģ
СֵԺδ
СĵʵϴźƵЦ⡣
һСʳѣ
ʵĻشֻǣȴûо˵ĸʳȻЩ켶ҩʦһ£ԼԻᱻ̽һ
ʳ
˽һ㶣ɫֿ˵ѣиɻˡ
һʳܹӵ켶ҩ䣿һʳܹŪƷҩ
Բܣ
ѵǵõļ
һ뵽档
ʿøһеϲ徲ȻͻȥһЩûսµĻʳֵĹӣ£Ҳǲܡ
Ǻǡ
Цһû׷ȥҲףѾ˽ˣ׷ʣƱɲҪ϶
Сֵܣ֪ԸԸʥҽʥصĹأ
Ƿ롣


593 
ϵĻһʳڣ˶ЩڴĿŷơ
ÿһλ켶ҩʦǶʥҽʥؾ޴ĲƸҲǵڣôһλ켶ҩʦ룬ϣġ

ԥˣüͷ΢ԵЩΪѡ
Сֵܣҵ˼ˡ
ƺ׷ʲôǽ͵ΪʥҽʥصĹϣⲢɣȥɣͬʥص켶ҩʦʵҲʥصĹϣʥصıӣ
Ŷ
ⷬͣƲ˿Ҳ˹Ҳ΢Ц˵СӾ͹ˡ
˺£Ȼûɾܾ

Դϲʮ϶¶Ц⡣
ĸʥأߴˣôӦǷǳ˽ŶԣԣǿȷӦһӵдԵ꣡
ֻҪЩţǶ£Ϊʥҽʥأȷһҩʦ޷ܵʥأ
ʥҽʥعϵ塣
֣óһŨŨҩֱӵݸƣѪ֮󣬱԰󶨣֮⣬κ壬Ȼѡ
лϡ
̵ĵѪȻСĵղ
ǺöҪ֪棬վڵĿʥҽʥأ½ϣжٸҲʥҽʥӣ
ӵ壬ֱӾ֤ʵˣһλ켶ҩʦҪģ
ڷƵҪ£óһö·Ļ¸
ǷƲҪ켶ҩʦ£ǣ֪еôһɱ֯ڣŪ̫ˣȻһʮ·Ļ³ȥ֤ڶͻеɱƾڵΪûĿܡ
㣬Ҳʾ⡣
ڿͬʱ۽ǵⶼǿڲԵ
ڲһʼƷʯ֮ϵĻ̻̱ʧ٣ϵƽž޲
ÿβԵʱֻҪӴҩ䣬˵ʾͻᷢ츲ذı仯ͬճӣס
СֵܾʥΣ
ʵ
ҩʦʥأ
Ƹп
ҩ糤ݣҲʥҽʥؾ޾µۻŽⷽСģ
ҪǣƸоǹũҩϵҩԣڹų֮ʱҪŨ֮ࡣ
ѵǵ֮ũҩĵطô
һ
Ǻǡ
ڷƻش𣬶Ȼ⣬ЦһգҴȥһط
Ŷ
뵽һķƣȻ仰иһˣǾҪͶˡ
޷С¶ѡ
Ц
ţڼǴ֮᲻뿪ʥأ
ģ
ǣ˱һ£һ߹עĶ̬
ʱתۼǲҩûκεķӦ붯̬ȴƺѾһ״̬֮С
Ȼܹ켶нҩ䣡
һֱûпڵĴϣϸĹ۲һ֮󣬵һοˣ֮ڣ΢΢ĲЯп뼤
ɾ棬ԺΪҩʦ̩
˵Ϊ仰Щˡ
Ϊʱ¶츳棬пս켶н׻ҪߵĴڣ
ǰĴڣ̩ҲҪ
һ뵽㣬ǵ޷ƽ
ڴغȥ̫ϳϣ
һ䣬ϱǴҴҵĳŲȥ
̫ϳϣѵʥҽʥص켶߽ҩʦô
ƺһ
Ѿ̩ĴҲҪƣһʵѾˡ
ֽŵ£ϵǹεԽԽŨˣλȺ󾪺ٹʮӣҲܹоĵˡ
ܹ켶нҩ䣡
аԻϲ
ĵŮеˣڻһýԺʥҽʥصıӻ£Ѿûܹ˺
ʱƳ׵İˡ
ʱһڴϵĴ£첽˽
̫ϳϣ
ڳϽޱȵĹڣһƬȣǿԼĿеoһ㡣
ȷУˣǾo
š
ĵ˵ͷֱǰֱֱĿűĿϵҲ΢΢ɫ
ҩ壬û
ЩĻ³ʱõ˱һ֮һƬ˼ɫǵӰ֡
ҩ壬ⲻǰλ̫ϳһôⲻǴŮԺȻΪʥص̫ϳô
켶۷壡
ĸ֣õ˼ЩѣΣһվŵֱɵˣſһһϣ˵


594 ҩ
ҩ壿
Ȼ֪ʲôҩ壬ΧЩ𺳵ɫƾ֪һֲ˵ʡ
ʱڳ϶ǸмĿơ
ѣҩ壬ɾҪôûˡ
뵽⣬޲ٴһĨҡ
رǶϣϸЩȴǻһЦҲδӹ

ĪĴЦЦоȻ͸¶⣬ԣǵɪ
ο׬ˣ
磬ҪҸ̳²ǧѣҩ壬Ϊҩʦеʥ壬ֻҪԴĥ켶۷ҩ䣬Բʲô¡
һ뵽Լֵһΰ࣬Ȼܹҵһ̳²ˣܲɪô£Ǳ֪֪ǻἵʵĳʲôȥˡ
뵽棬ɵһЦĿ⣬Ҳ˸ž⣬õЩë
ȿȣ
΢ǻعĿƽɨһˣڷ΢΢ͣ嵭˵»ϸܣκ˲⴫һ֣ô
ף
ڳ϶ǹĻش
š
ĵ˵ͷĿǷڷϣ΢С
̫ϳϣ¼ʥصĹϣƷ١
һԵĶǰ˵ţƵ΢Ľһղŷ̵ʯ£Ҳû£䡣
Ŷ
ĴƣȴǷ֣ǰȷͬһ㣬ģд̴͸¶õľ
СӲȻܹʲô󣬾
˿޵Ŀоâ˸˸ƺ뽫ƶȴǺЧõһĨ档
Ȼ͸صҩΪεȽף
л̫ϳϡ
дϲʵ֪СܹܲʥڲժһЩҩ
ţ
һ㶣û뵽ҪȻ˵ļ򵥣ûеʨӴ󿪿ڣȡҪһЩҩ
Ѿ׼һ⣬ȴ˼ֻҪϵļëѣõĲɵҪʶˡ
ⲻС¶ѣСӣҪʲôȻ˸ǣͲҪԼȥժˡ
˸ź룬ֺǺǵ˵
ȻûгֹưɹĻĺøС
̫ϳˡ
ƹĳ˹˹֣ǱһѵҩƣһЩҩͨȴʮѼڴ½Ѿҩ֣Уֻϡ伶ҩһҲ֣ࡣ
Ҳƽţǣ˵һִ½Ѿϡ伶ҩٻʱɫһ䡣
ҩʥҽʥأԲУ
ţƿǱ־ͨҩ֮и޷ƽ
ʮ־ҩ
ʥҽʥص֪ͣҩµŶԣȥһЩҩϡҩ֮⣬ҩȫռޣȫֲʥ֮ڣиҩ
ڵҩ䣬ҲòּҩǷǳԶҩ䡣
ǰֱ꣬һڱȫǴ½Ѿǳϡ٣߸ɴҩõ߲Щˡ
ѵʥûЩҩô
һֱԼ˵ʵ
ʥ֮ǰһ·ϣͿ־ҩڣԣ룬ʥҽʥؾרֲⷽ
Ȼǣ
˺ܿͻعͷһԵĴϷԸһ䣬ϱǿ첽˳ȥ׼ҩȥˡ

ƶʱ˿лϲޱȡ
ֻҪЩѾҩռЩϡ䣬ҩܹŪ֣
ôһũҩʵˣ
Ľһȥƶʱһˬϲɫ¶֮ϡ
СӣӵеʲôȽ׵ҩ䣿
ԥʳ
ҲΣȻ˷ڵҩʵ
켶ɡ
ԣɫ΢΢һӲͷƤش
켶
ôһ𰸣õüͷ΢΢һҲûȥ
ԣƲԸ˵ҲԸǿѣļȴһͷ
õôҩĹҩ꣬Ҳǲడңÿһٶ켶н׳̶ȣ
ҪģǡǡԶʱھһֱڵҩ֡õ߲ɵľͽͷũҩȥ롣
ΪŴӹųǴũҩϢ
뵽⣬һһ䣬СֵܣǺʱʥҽųǵģ
죡
Ʋֱӱǻش


595 ̽
ʱǡǡǺϣ
˲Գһм¶޷ƽʱаٷ֮ʮİգ֮Ҳũҩĳߣ
Ʋ͸ʵҪԶʱھʹڵҩⶼ֤ʵڵҩ䲻򵥡
ˣ
ʱһϾһ˱ǿ֮µǲҩ䣬¶һĨӨ⣬Ȼ΢һȴǱ׽
ڱλ֤ʵҩ֮˵ôľˣһǿѾȻˡ
Ҫ֪ҩ壬ֻҪĥһ켶۷ҩҲܳܣ켶нҩ䣬Ȼڻ¡
ʥأֶһŵƣ
ҩ壿ܹũҩô
Ƹ֪Ѿˣʱ˼ҩ壬ܹܲũҩ䡣
ӷǵ֪ƺֻܹ֮ܣûҩ֮ԹͲö֪ˡ
ˣҲѹסеļ¶ֵͬƽû¶
ڵ֮ڣһƬţ˶ǽĿϡ
ûãϱǴҴҵ˽ŷȥ֮ʱһǰ
΢΢һ㶣ǹĵ̫ϳϣǺСֵҪҩѾ׼ȫˣÿΪ꣡
˵ţóһöָ
ˣ
΢Ŀ˽ָǳŷȥȻΪҪôȴûʳ
Ҳܱɣ
СֵܣҪҩÿ׼꣬㿴ô
˻ºͣܳƵϹάõڳϽһ㶣ǲĿ
Ϊʥҽʥصľ棬ڸʥصʥǰҲ̬ȣ켶۷ҩʦѾǴҩʦ۷壬ǸʥصʥҲӸҵҩʦľ棡
ڣȻһ˵Ĺάõڳ϶ǲ֡
Ļǳڸмô
ˣˣл̫ϳϡ
ƴϲæл˻̬Ҳû
Ǻǣ
˴΢ЦָݵϣһĨɲҩԣҲ˳뵽˷Ƶġ
лϡ
Ȼоһϸ΢ҩԣڣҼٵתһȦֻ΢΢һδɣٴεл
ţ˵ȥԼӵũҩ䣬ûܹ̽鵽Լʵ
ǣȴһ㣡ҲҪһ㣡
Ѿ켶۷ҩʦҲ֮ҩ䣬Ǿֻֿܣһͬףڶ߽ף
ԣҩԲδܲҵũҩ䣬ûиӦҩ䲨ʱ˵Ӳźۼ΢΢һ
ڣѾа˳ɵİˣ
¼켶۷ҩָÿһȥǷǳԣͬףǲܣô켶۷֮ϵҩ䣡
½ֻһǾִ֮ũҩ䣡
һֿܣҲǺн׽۷壬δйصҩ䣬ֿҲУʲ֮һ
֮Իа˳ɰգǾųǷ
˵©죬˵ŵųǣʱҲǡǡǺϣңһڹųȡҩԵˣҲһЩ߲Ż飬ֻҪ˽ǹҩԣھסڹųǵˣȥּ˷ʱ顣
Ϊû¶ݣԣ˻ѹסеļ¶û˵ȫ񼸺Ƿ˹עƣǱҲǹעˡ
ʱֻũҩĴڣ
½˭֪ʥҽʥûʥǣʥҽʥӵʥ֮ʱǾͶǴʥҽʥص۷壬Ի͵ʱܹѹʥأΪ½ָĴ
ԭһ֮
ĸ֣ѹһУ
ˣ
һ֮µǲ켶нҩ䱬һޱߵĹâҩ磬ڵһЩƻá
˽ʱǳɹĽⲿ켶нҩȫ漤ˣ
ҩ壬ȻͬѰ
ʮλϽǸпһƬ硣
ҩ壬еʥᲢۣΪҩ壬ѾܳΪҩʦʥˡ
ܹػʥˣԺ͸ߡ
ϲһԼĪ˵
лϣ
ϲл
ȻѾаֻ̤켶ǣʥҩʦҲм٣ܹ켶ģûмǣܹλҩʦ̩ߣʽ󻡶ȵ
켶ǾǹϼĴڣ
ţԷǳ˸м⼸һԵ


596 
ϲδҩʦ̩
ǴһĨŨŨЦ⣬ǰȥһ˿ʵĻ˵
ҡ
ԵЩ֪룬̧ͷֻǿһ۷ƣǸĨ糺죬Ѹٵĵͷȥһ˫ϾСֻཻţֳ
ʮλǰϲڶһĨȡ
λŮ̫ϳһͬҩ壬ֿվҩʦ۷ˣڲùϵʱ

˻عһŮֿЦţλÿŴǰĿͣϣͬһһ㣬סĵͷϾɫ
СԸҵĵմô
˸˸°ϳİ룬ʵ
ţ
һ㶣ǷԵĿơ
Ǻǣλʥҽʥص̫ϳϣ
΢ЦΪ͵
̫ϳϣ
ͫ͵չ֮ڣһƬ𺳡
ΪʥҽˣȻ֪ʥҽʥسʮλ֮⣬λվҩʦ۷̫ϳϴڣǣʥҽʥصľ棬ƿߣ
ֱԼ۾䣬Ҳû뵽ԼȻһܹĵĴڣ
ǺǣСԸô
ɫı仯˺⣬΢Цº͵ʵ
ҡ
ȻԸ⣡
һЩߵӲ˹˵һǺݺݵĳ˳飬ɫֱӾͺڳȥ
ţ˱Ǽһһµˣ˽ǵɫЩ޷޵ŭɫ
Ϊ촫ũҩϢԣǸû붨ڸղţǶǸӦ켶нҩĲǱźĸ˹ƫ˵ʻ
ʱǷҩ֮󣬸ǷŭޱȣһƾũҩϢȥֵҲˣڣȻôϢĶҩ塣
ǿ벻̣
̫ϳϣ
ڳߺޱȡ
Ȼ
˸ڴ˵ĶԻƾ֪˲򵥣
ϼһʲôң
ĺҲһ˫۾ɵԲھŭɫ
Ͳôһͳɹյˣȴƻܲô
ңͷⲻǵңֹӵܣҩ壬ϣǲǵڻô
һ̧ͷͦأֱߵһ̬֮º͵ЦʵλСԸҵĵô⻹мҩø㵱Ǽ񡣡
֣óһ򿪺иǣʱڵ֮ڶǳҩ㣬Ũܴۿȥڷһͬ״İɫ˲ΣӨ⣬֮࣬ڡ
ɽѩΣ
ƾһĨ⡣
ҩҩҩ֮ҲܹǰʮĴڣɶãͬʱҲũҩϼеҩ֮һ
ǺǣСѣϴˣⲻɽѩΣһǧɽѩҩŽǰʮҲû⣬еļƷҩ
ɨһİֻ꣬΢һ㶣ΪԵõ˵š
ҩƷһֱ᲻óΣΪסҩͽܣѪˣ
һɽѩҲ˼óɪҿͷҲòһĶˡ
Ҳǰܱĵ˻һۣ֣Ҳóһִ򿪣һɢ˳õ˲Ҫڣѳ
һ滨ɫͬӨ貣ǰƢķ㣬Ǵ⻨֮ɢ
Ͼ
ˣѿڽе֮ڣ¶𺳵ɫ
ϾҩϣǰʮģҩЧܱҩ֮ˣ
Ŷ
ٴϳҲһ΢Ц˵СӵеʶûǰʮĵϾҩϣǰʮģǣҩЧȴǰʮҲǰҩ֮ˣ
ȻóϾˣˣĿǰͷȥһҩ֮
ڼķڵĨ֮еǵ㲻ƽܿƽˣ¶һĨϷʵЦ⡣
СҵļֻҪҵĵմӣҾͽҩ֮ڸ㡣
˲ûע⵽Щһֱ
ҩңǣҩͽܣɲʱʱеġ
⡭
ֱӱⳡסˣЩֽ̻̣Ŀơ


597 չ
յȵĿ⣬ƻعǰС֣Ͷ԰ο񣬲ǰһ
λ̫ϳϣȻǶϣǵͽܣΪβһ̵ͬأ
΢Ц
У
˳һҡͷ˵һϹѾĸͽܣϹҲӵˣһҲûУһǻҪ
һΪŭɫƺˡ
ΪʲôûͽܣԼô
ۣû˵
Ϊʥص̫ϳϣҪͽǲ֪жŶӵźѡأĵӣôѡô
أӸߣһҪһҩ壬̳²ļʾǰٷ֮٣ô
ڣȴԼ͵ڣܲŭô
ȿȣ
˼֪ǰ֮ͬʱҲũҩļ̳ˣҲպʥʥԣȻܷѳȥ㲻ãսյδʥͷȥǾˡ
ϰףϻңҾðλСֵ˵ĺܶ԰˭ͽܲҪҪǣҪλ̵ãô
˺ͺ˵õϽһ㶣ǿ˵ʱ򣬱ǿգƤʱжһ
λˣԱ˴˿Ϊ˽⣬ƢΣһˣҲֺϣһϢڣһϾ˵Ҳһյʡ͵ĵƣԲһԸԿ
ڵת䣬Ǿԭġ
ĿɨȫϵĿⶼͣڷϡ
ֻİ꣬ǳΨһı
ϸϸĴһ֮жһ
˵ģԼˣʮҲõͷǣȴܱ˴ݵ̬㣬˵Ĳ򵥣
һ£λСֵ죬λСʥҽųǵġ
Цݣǰ˵ֻǣҧĺء
ţ
һ㶣нһǺܿ죬ڵ𾪱Ǳѹȥ϶ǻһƵЦݡ
Ҳãһ̵ͬȽϺã
Ҳ漴͵
˽̵˽̵
ҧҧвʵ˵֮ʱͫһĨȣҲ¶º͵Ц⡣
λǲõЦݣΧվڵʮλɫЩͣþûز
⼸λ̫ϳϾôˣôͻȻǱһƵģ
ǶǺɵĲţͬʱǵĿⶼǿơ
λ̫ϳ˸ı䣡
зǳǻʮеһȥԻᱻĹѪͷڣλ̫ϳȴϿ飬ӦҲΪˬ죬õǼΪ⡣
˭ʲô֮ͬΪվҩʦ۷λ̫ϳҲӣ
ôλСԸԸΪʦأ
΢ǰʵ
ڻɣǲǷƹҩʥصˣּŮԷƵ⣬ȻҲҵˡ
ҡҡԸ⣡
ڷƹĿ£˿Ӧȫҩʦۺ
ã
˴ЦһҲóһΪʦһ⣬һҩǧĺݣ
⡭
ԥˣ֪òȥӣֻֿơ
Űɣʦһ⡣
΢Ц˵
ǰˣľ뵽˷ϣѾˣ˻ûκϢõĸв
󣬻ˣҲǽе͸õСܳһοҩһõ꣬ѾĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϲ̫ϳϣϲ
ʮλҲǰϲкǰŮԻΪʥص̫ϳϣ
Ǻǣ
λ˽¶Цݣһ֮ǿơ
λСֵܣյͽܣ⻹Ƕ㣬סһѩ֥֪費Ҫ
Цݣһмɫ
ѩ֥
һҩǰʮһҩҲũҩصҩ֮һôһ꼫Ʒҩôڵ鵤пͻƵؼﵽ켶ĵز
ڨڨĵô˼ء
ѩ֥Ȼȴм۵ģǣҩ壬ȴ޼֮ԣСֵͱˡ
һԵİҲȰ˵
ȻСҾ͹ˣ
ϲɫĹ˹֣ǴӦ


598 ٷ֮
λ˵Ĵ£һɽ֮䡣
ΧɽʹֱƣƻãСˮéݵ׺ɽˮ֮䣬ɽҰֲһЩ滨ݣɢ㣬Ƣͣͬɾһ㣬һҪµͷ
ţ
Խߣƾ;ãǹũҩϵҩԣ͸ŨˣʱڷâɨܣȴǷ֣ΧһжһƬɵľ󣬸ƺʲôס۾һ㡣
ѵطǵ֮ũҩĵط
ҫ£Χֳһ֮⣬õķƲɵ٣ҲЩ١
һֱעλˣһȷݣӼ䣬˽΢΢ͷ
ķƲ֪Ӹղѩ֥Ѿڸˣɵɵꡣ
Ҫ֪õƷҩҩ䣬ѰİȥЩɾʣũҩˣټʱϵɺʱλѾݳ׵ĸ֤ʵˣֻԸἰλҲ˳⣬ȥ
Ϸªˡ
Сʣ飬ΧϷһͨé֮ǰЦӯӯ˵
λ̫ϳϺˣɾСӿЩˡ
ƿĹά
֪ԼѾ¶ڣλվҩʦ۷ˣȻ˵ƽ׽ˣ޼ӣҲǸп֡

˴ЦСֵԸϷȻӭط˶ˣҲ֡
ǰ
ҲǵͷҲڴĿ
λ̫ϳϵ⣬СˣСǿҪ߶ˡ
΢΢һ㶣ǿĻӦ
ǰ羰续Ŀȷһɵأпܣһʱ֮ڴ˶ˡ
ʱӭ
Цӯӯ˵۾г
˶ٴˣڣǵȵ֮ˣٴδʥҽʥز۷壬ɨʥء
ѰһһСľóһ֣У棬һаƴСѩ֥ɷںڣũҩصѩ֥ģ
л̫ϳϡ
дϲӹ֮󣬸Ҫ̷ֱˣΪܹںһ꼫ƷҩͿĳΪһλʵ켶ҩʦˣ
ֻһСѡ
ŷϵϲɫдϲϵЦŨˣæĻص
̸ЦˣһԵȴЩɻˡ
߸ϵҩʦ棬Ϊλһ֮˿أֻΪ˸м
벻ף
۵Ķҩϵ£ܿҲ˽ȥ۵Ļ⣬дҲͬǽʾ֭Ҳ벻׵ɵ㣬һ򵥵Ľͣéٿֱֽкá
ũҩ䣬ҩʦ䣬ټϸ֮ĽʵΪҩʦİٿȫ飬⣡
ԣʱƾһʦλѧҩ
ʱţɫ䰵һƬڣԲգǸ߹ңΧת۱ѹ
ϣϣϣ͵ɡ
ƼһЩٿһɫƽ˵һɵڹ֮󣬱˵
ţ
λ˽һ㶣˹ֱ̾ʱ̫죬ţϱǴŷ˲ԶСéݱߣס֮󣬱ʹҴҵķԼéݡ
ڣǴ˷š
ٺ٣
ǰӣ¶Цݡ
ΣѣףңϣԻһЦ
λ֮ļжߣ
һ֮󣬲ʵ
ٷ֮٣
ֱӻش
û˾ͨҩũҩ䣬ܣ
һԵİҲǵͷ
ٺ٣
˵һЦ
Ƽҡѵֻ֮һСѣ
ʵüͷ΢΢
ϻңͲҪˣ֮ԻΪĴڣ
ƲƲ죬ÿһ֮Ȼƿ䣬ǣȴںԵ쾧ںϳܳˣ
ûֻҪӵũҩǾʥҽʥصʥֻǡƺԸⱩ¶ݡ
˵㣬Щա
£Ҫȥһ
ƺ뵽ʲôվֱӼҴҵ˳ȥ
ǷٴһΣʥػ˰


599 켶
ȻҹƱٴδһҩԣ̺󣬾ûʲôã֮ͣ
ʥڣҲû˶ΪʮѾǰͨˡ
̫ˣûá
̾һЩŵҡҡͷ֣óǸװѩ֥
ں֮Ӧþܽ켶˰ɣ
˸Ө׹â֥ҲһŻȣֱ֣ûжԥڣǽ֮ȫȥ
ڸʿ࣬θ֮󣬱ͻһ𽥵ȫӡ
ˣ
һڵũҩ仺򿪣ӵҳһҳҳ򿪣ͣѩ֥ҳͣҳζ䣬ɢһЩɢҩԱǾ˹ҳ֮ϵѩ֥ĻǱӵҳ΢΢ҡק䣬֥ƺĴһ㣬ֿժ
ڼһˬȫǳũҩ֮ϣĶܵҩԵϴӣƤë֮ϣɢһĨӨ⣬͸¶һ嵭ҩ㡣
ˣ
һѩ֥ҩԣҲ뵽ҩö鵤֮ӡѩ֥ҳһĨҫ۵⣬ţö鵤ҲǾҵĻζͬһɲֱӵĹâþδͣЪ˾ǳ絽̵Уƺڽũҩ䴫Ϣ
ʱ鵤貵ĹâĵȥЩȲĿ˹ȥ
ֻʱҩͨףͬһԲһ㣬ӨԵЩطǷ
켶ף
۾âӹϲӷƿ˵֮ھһƬɫû뵽ԼȻô׵ľͳΪ켶ҩʦ˵ѩ֥Ĺ͡
⼸ǧǰѩ֥ҩԵȷֱӽ鵤һȽףʱҩϵö鵤Ѿ״ˣѾ΢ʵ壬ֻǣΧȴǻһЩɵҩ
ţ
󣬷ٴתڵԪһɾΥӣõķ̲סų͸¶ˬ
ת˼Ȧ֮󣬷ƱջԼת
Ѿ˷˽һµʱˡ
뵽˱֮£üͷϵϲɫҲȥ
Ա򣬻ֻϵ֪Ǻ˽⣬ƸԼĿǰʱժȡͷȻϿǣժȡپõʱҲȻ
˾ֻܳɹʧܣȻһڵ
ȥɣ
¶˾ģıǰ
Ҳһ·

峿ûȥŵĽŹغãֱӳ˵éȥ
ƴ磬һҪƽ
һéڵŮû۾ֻǣϸ΢죬۽ǣᣬʪͷµͷ
˹֮ȴǷ֣ϻһЩҩϵļ⣬ͬʱ˻ᷢҵִ첱Ӵֵˣид
Сֵܣˣ
˺ܿͷſڵķƣһĨϲɫվƴк
š
Ц⣬ִһȻŵϣСеġ
УҪˣ
Ͻһ㶣ͬʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ͵е飬ȥһ˱

ϵüͷǽ
СֵܣȥʲôҪǼͷҲܳͰĵĴ⣬֤£ԾͽҪĶȡ
ű֤оš
ǰҪʲôҩСֵ;˵ˣȻѾˣǣеġ
Ҳ˵
ǿҪĿ϶ũҩϼصҩȵҩΪ˽⣬ʱƲǵؼ۷ѣǷȱҩǻȥˡ
λ⣬Сˡ
ƳϿĹ˹֣ȴǹһĨЦ
ͷ뱱֮ڣͨ죬أֻҲ׶༪١
СҪĶȽر𣬱Լȥȡ
Ҫλ˵ǣԣǺ˵
ԭ
ϵ˵ͷҲû׷ȥ
ҪСˣҵĺܣǴҩʦۣȫǻбϵġ
˵
ǺǣлϹģС֪
΢΢һЦֳ˹˹֣ţ࣬ҲǳԸ롣
ǧ𿿽أ
ͬʱɫҲһƬϾ
СӻСעġ
ǲźۼĳ˳飬治ɫ˵
ʱɣԼ˵ԼĿģ˾ԲԼ뿪ʥء
СֵܣǰҴȥ
λ˶һۣվ˿˵


600 
Ʈ룬ƻãϼ羰续񾳣һ٣ʯ̵СϣƹһȦ֮ɽ֮
ʥҽʥصĽأɽƣֱλ̫ϳ򣬶ɽ֮䣬ʲôǾֻʥسϼ˲ʸ֪
ڣϵĴ£֮ڡ
һ·ҩԸŨı۾ϸϸĸΧؼҩԣϴӣÿһë׻ſںƢҩ㡣
ѵ
Խ߾ҩԸŨ÷һǱЩ
ǰһƬأŨĻããһƬκƾͫҲֻܿһ֮ڵľ󣬶ңģо޵Ϣڣֻ΢һӦ;Ԫɢ룬亹졣
ţϴ죬ððȻԻᱻֱĨɱ
ˡ
¶Ц⣬˵
ɻٴǰ֮ǰľȻʣһʰ쵵ǰ
ΧȻɢȥһ·ĵطһƬҩԣҩïʢۿȥ඼һЩϡе֡
ţ
΢΢һһȴǷ֣ԼִУ·ҲˣΧİͬһͷͷһ㣬ݺݵĳԼ˹Ҫֿȴһֻ˽һ˳ȥ

ƴڵĴ֮һƬ£Ҳˮʪ
ǰ޸̫ʵĴУãǰ˳㲻ǱضҲش
ǺǣСֵܣʥҽʥµġ󡯣ɷأǲ󷨵ˣǴܴȥҲֻ·һ
˴΢Ц͵
Сˡ
ƾһ亹յ˵
ģȻ˰ûмλ˳ȣԼƱؾֻ·һ
߰ɡ
΢΢һЦûм˵ȥһͬŷƳŴмһɫСԺȥ
Ժ֮ڣһģŹֵĴأͬһһ㣬ֳʮСÿһС涼ƯŸָҩͬɨһ֮󣬾Ȼ֣֮ھȻҩȴͨġ
ڳӵм䣬һԲεأ֮ϣмʰ쵵ҩݣͬȴкܲһʹ˸䣬ֻһۣܽ˵ȫס΢΢ҡק䣬ɢҩ㣬Ƣ
ƺΧʮСڵҩ֮ԴڣΪά⼸ҩݴһ㣬һŨҩԣǳмǿСƽػۼء
ʲôҩ
Ǽʰ쵵ҩ֮󣬷ƵĿôҲƲˡ
ܹоǹͬũҩϵҩԣǴ⼸쵵ҩɢġ
ǣ
ǣɢâҩݣũҩ֮ϾȻûмأֽҩϣҲûҩӰ
ķӦ϶һۣ˵ͷ
ʥصľҩأ
˿ԣ˵
ҩأ
ƻعĿ⿴ˣȴĽ͡
ǺǣСֵƺɻʰ쵵ҩݣΪҩϲûǵӰ
һۣȻʵ
ΪΣ
ɻˡ
⼸ҩݣȻҩҩԣֱҩܹˣܳʥҩ
ҩȻĬĬţҲδŹõķƲ⡣
ʵǾǼͨѡ
΢Ц˵ڷǽ㵵£ʵСֵ֪ܿҩ
ţ
һѿ˵˵У֮񿪴
û
    ˵˵ͷһֱָ֣ҩмǿأǣǵʱ֮һҩվĵط
ʲô
Ƿв룬ڵ֪֮󣬻Ǿš
ǼʱܵũʥѬȾԣűģʥժȡһ꣬ȴǷ֣뿪Ǵܱ֮ʥҩҩݣȻʱһԣʥر¾ҩأԷǴɿݣʥҩ
ԭˡ
˵Ľͣƻͻͷһб˽ͣǼҩݣĿҲûǰǰȡ
һеԭ򣬻ǿǿǼԼܲץȥɣңҲδؾЧ
ֱʰ
ʮСҩƯҩƸп֣˵˷ҩҲʥҽʥֵܹ֧ˡ


601 ϵ䲻
ҩƣƮۿȥһƬҩɫ׳ʣвʵ裬Ŀ
Сֵܣ֪Ϊʥҽʥûʥô
λѶһ֮΢˿ƽʳ
ûʥ
һ㶣ȷҡͷ֪
ĻشõλеĲȷ
꣬ЩȷȷʵʵһʳѣԣЩǳʶȴ֪
Ϊ⣡
ٴָƬʥҽʥʹѵֻũʥӵߣܳΪʥصʥ
ũʥ䣿
΢΢һͫڵɫһеҲѹȥǣôӵĹλ˵۾أ
    û֮ĵһҩ䣬ҲΨһһʥҩ䣬ֻʥӵߣʸΪʥҽʥصʥ
һԵİҲЦǰֺǺǵĽ͵
ʥҽʥأϵ䲻ˣֻҪũʥӵߣܳΪʥصʥ
Ҳǰһ˵š
⡭
ޱ𶯣ֱӼӿ屶ǻڱĳˡ
ʥҽʥصʥ
ǰˣ鶼ޱȵĳϣûκ˵ѵģԣʵģ
ֻҪ˵ܳΪһʥصʥޱߵջӵһƿȨûܹܾǷƣҲǼֱӺ
ǣѹеļ¶û˵֪˵ݰ֮Լûлȥأ˾ԲԼֻðգ
˿Ǿһ·
Ļƽ꣬н̾Ϣһ
ǲףΪҪһֱԼأ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴһԵİסΣֻ̾һͷתһߡ
벻ʥҽʥػ˹ء
ƺ˿𣬶ƽ˵
ϵ䲻ˣ
ƺҲˣʥҽʥҲ֪ũҩļ̳ˣǾԾ֮ˣԻվڴ½۷壡
ңпܵǣʥҽʥпܾ֮ġ
ǺǣǰֻʥܴʥԻͣʥҽʥڴʥĹ
ǴһĨЦ˵
ΪִҪߣҲûǿԽ͵͹ߣʥصһϳ֣ǹ
һλ̫ϳһ·˵Ци֣˶ڲ²꾿ʲôͷ
Ҳвϳ˷ƣϾʥڵҲֵķзģϾǿʥضһλҩʦ̩
̫ϳϣ
վڴ˵Ե˼ϣҲǹĺ
š
ֻ΢ĵ˵ͷ
öָ֮һЩҩСֵҪȥĿǱҩǵļǮҪϰٱԣҾ͸Сֵ׼һЩϣܹõϡ
ڷϴʱóһöָ
лϣ
ϲлһǽ˹һɨۣͫ΢һ
ָҲʮҩ
Ȼ󲿷ֶͨģǣϡ伶Ҳв٣ҩ
ǵһСѣСֵͷĵ°ɣ
ǰЦе˵
Ȼ̧ͷļλ̫ϳ϶ԷƵ̬ȣõΧЩ˶пڽ¶ŵɫ
лϣлϣ
ҩõķиĸжлֿ
һ
λСֵҪȥҪС͵ܳκ⣬ô
˶һԴվڵһ߷Ը
ף
߶ͷˮͷ
ƺоݲһ㡣
ϵĿ£ڵĴʻҿ֮ڡ
˵ȥĿʲô
ֱ޼ʵռʧ٣˲ջĿ⣬ĶһԵʵ
֪
Ͻҡͷ
벻ףΪηƲԸ¶ݣѵΪڱҪ£ʥҽʥģ
ҩʦ޵ģÿһǿ߶ԸӸ߽ҩʦÿһʥҲԸʥҽʥǷ顣
ԣʥҽʥصǱȸʥػҪҪʲô£Ҳ°빦
ƣȴܾǵİ¾Щˡ
ѵΪǼԼʥܰ쵽ģ
ᡭҪȥذɣ
һ
ڱʥʥҽʥزģǾֻʣ±ˣ
⡭
࣬ɫҲһ䣬Ǻڳ
ȻҲ뵽ȥ뵽ƻӦ֮ʱƺҲû˵ֻ̫˵ԼСĵġ


602 Ȼ
޼ʣͬǳͷҲβռʱǾֹһƽĿ¡
꣡
һµ⣬Զ֣Ŵ̶ƿתۣ㲻ټʧڵ
ڣͷǸشˣ߷侧ʱһЩҲûʲô졣
һ·ϣƺƽûʲôⷢ

ڣŵķƣ۾âһͫ»ָ䣬³һڴҩϣһĨϲǵĻҲ΢΢
켶ҩʦѾվڴ½۷ҩʦˣ
һͬλһ
Ѿ켶Խ뱱صİ˼֣ϾͼɫСӻЧĻǾͬͥˣв
ɹļʣɻǺܵͣأ֣ͬʮɽһѹڷƵļͷõϢҲĳ
ʥ˽ҲֻĽأ
ȥʲô˵
̾һ֣óǰ˸öװҩĽָ
ɻҩ
ȻҩҲûʲôܹ켶ܹһᡣ
֣Ϊʲôҩũҩϼеģ
ϸɨһ۽ָռ䣬ƱǷ֣ŵʮҩȻܶ඼ͬģǣȴһĹͬ㣬ǾǣũҩҪҩ
Ҳû˵ҪЩҩɣѵôɣ
һһĨãȻ
֮ǰֻЩϡеͨҩѣҲ֣ǣָڵҩһ֮࣬ңȻȫũҩǺϣ鲻Щô
ٿҩȻҲũҩصģ
Ļôɺϵô
Բܣ
ʵҲϵ֮٣һֱϱ¶ݣҲ˵ԣ׼ָչһũҩ裬ҲڸƴһϢ
ڣǰ˼һ֮Ҳ˹ҲǹһĨЦ
ҲǰΪΪʥص̫ϳϵϣҪԼ˵Ŀǹά̬ȣѵǳԸмεľ
ǰҲǾɣǣȴôҲ޷ˣ
ѵΪ˸лһˣһߣδҲ̫߼˰ɣ
ԣΨһĿԾǣԼǸҩΪҪ
벻ǸʱѾˡ
ƿЦֻȴףΪܹ֪ԼΪũҩأѵܹоũҩĴڣ
Բܣǲ켶۷ҩ䣬ôܿ͸ũҩأԭ
뵽棬һ飬ǳ׵һеԵɡ
󰡣
վҩʦ۷ˣǿĶǲ֤ʵԼĲôһϵеĶ̽ԼԼȴɵɵꡭ
͵ĽָǾڸԼѾ֪Լݡ
ʵ¶ҲûԼô¡
ƿЦҡҡͷ
Ѿ֪Լݣٰ㹧άԼҪҲûм˿˵ԼũҩӵߣϵĴڣǲ˿ðΪԼȴ֮ӦõĲɡ
ʵ̫Ӧˣ
ܹӱسһģ
ૣĿļᶨ
ھҩԣĳڴʥҽʥصԪϣҩʦľ棬ȴôĸԸسŵ
ϵ䲻ˡ
ʥҽʥأҲһСȻ޷Ĵ⣬ǣ½ʥضԣʥҽʥصƻǺܴġ
תĸࡣ
ң
ûԼȷķңǸռڵ۳ǵķң
ڻĹʱڣ۳֮Ǵ½֮ȻǸʱѾˣ۳ǣҲʧͨ˵ڣǣţ۳ǾԻڣңʥؾҲܹ֪۳ǣĹʱڴսĸӦöڣң˾Զ£ǵʵӦòӦøˡ
ǰǿΪƿص۳ǣϧսǣĻôһֱ⣬ĬĬô
ӦòǵԸҪȨ£
ӻĹŴս֤ʵһ㣡
ĵǸʱԼܲ˴ڵ۳ǵķôԼʲôȥֿЩĹʱڵİ
ԣҪչԼͷֻ׳ԼЩҲԼң
ʥҽʥأǸѡĺױȵģ


603 Ϥ
Ҫ飬ʵ̫ˡ
һ̣ͻȻ֣ԼϵĵһӾ࣬ѹЩ
һлԴʵ
ǻĹŵ۾һˣǽŴҰĸѹ£˿춯ԭ򣬲ǾŴηڵ۾ϵô
ʷǣӻĹŵ۾ƿնȥ֮ûгۣĹŴս֮ʥҲ¶棬ȫ⡣
Ψд۲ѹǵҰģ䲻ۣôǾ֮ʱ䣬ֻᱻ뾪ս֮У
ʥҽʥأǸĵط
ûô־ûҪȥŴۣʶ£ģֻһȵĻ
ʱѾпܣʥҽʥء
ȷһ鲻ɶõ

꣡
תۼš
ڡžռѾ˰ʱˣһзƵҲûٵù籩
ٹһҪˣ
ǰͻȻ˵
Ŷ
۾˵ζлϲͣСӲм
ǺǣӦõģ
תͷЦص
Ϊİ꣬ҲǺ棬ΪΣλϵ̫ϳҪôĿأ̬ȣǽֺùά
ֺãά
ǸʥصʥҲûǸʸ
ϣҩʦ۷壡
˭޲
ԣֻиʥֺϵʱ
ѵܱȵĹʥصʥ
о
飬ȻУпЦҲʲôԼӱػųһнܡ
󣬷ʥҽʥصֿ΢ԥһ̾һŻ˵ûʥʥҽʥأǸտǶѣ
⻰÷ľЩ㵵Ŀߡ
ʵ½֪飬ʥҽʥأӵʥ죬ʥҲҪâ֮档
ǣûʥ֮ʱʥҽʥصĴȴʮֵΣ
ҩʦĺӹɣǿģǣʥҽʥȴһȱݣȱݣǾȱǿǿ
ԣǸʥصʥʲôʥҽʥظû취ܾȻΪ˹˼Щ߹ҩʦӣǻǻ׼ģȻ˺˭ù
ǱڵĹվ۷ˣǷǳ
뵱ʥĴ£ʥҽʥǺεȵķ⣿ȴҪܸʥصв
߳̾гš
ҩʦȻǿᣬǣҪľǷҩϣ츳ѣҲȲЩž޵ʥĶ֡
֮͸պȱԣһ֣֮ʥҽʥؾͻһɳ죬Ʋɵ
һлġ
Ƴ˿૵˵ĿļԶ
ţ
ԣٴתͷɻĿ
Ǻǡ
Ƴ΢΢һЦûж˵
֮ڣһƬС
һʱתۼڷ۾ʱһƬڳձǳǰŴһ𶯣ǳգһƬʯ͹֮ϡ
Ѿˣ
վԷ˵
лϲ
߿Ĺ˹֣´ȥڴǰ߲Ŀ£תЦ˵ϲСӻҪ鷳ת漸仰ϡ
Сֵܵ޷
ǻһˣȻΪ񾭲ǣ꣬ǿ͵ԼǰģԣҲҵˡ
֪ϣһƽ֮ڣСӻٴΰݷã
˵䣬߲ȻĿ£Ծ˴̨վڹ㳡֮ϡ
Ǳųô
źڳɫΧһɱϢˣ㶣ȡöаɫ·Ļ£ؿڴʱǷΧһЩ˵Ŀ⿴֮Ǳĺࡣ
ҩʦݣȻߵĶǺõģ
ȥ̽һ±
ţƱ߳˹㳡һ·ڸһľƹݣ̧ţ˽ȥûΧЩĿ⣬ĵһվƣһ䣬ϸϸΧһЩ̸ۡ
ƹݣԶϢͨĵط
ֻǣЩ˴̸۵Ķ˭˭˭ĳԵʲôܱͨ鱦˭ִĳĹ֮ڣõСȵһϵеϢһЩ챦ҵϹϵûһ̸۱صģƺǽһ㡣
ҪԼȥˡ
̾һеվһվȥ
ιǸҩʦȤô
һŮõķͣ½Ų
ƺ


604 ټ
ô㲻Ըô
ٴδõķ΢΢һ֮¶һĨϲɫתͷȥ֮ǼһΪϤӰ
ŮӴ˫ʮ껪֬һ˫ˮںӣ·һ˿Ц⣬Ȼģڿĵһۣ̲ס֮һЦĵЦô˲ԸΪ֮١
޳ӵɹǣʳͬµһ飬µϲʩۣ֬ѩ׾Өˮӣ񹤾ɣ˵λá
һϮ°ɫΣӯӯһյ֮ϣһɫ´պǽϸ֫չ˳֮ϳһ˸ԵĳõһܷᣬһҰ
磿
һԺָ˳ֱѿڽг
Ȼ뵱ǸŮܴ󣬵Ƿƻһ۾˳
һҲû䣬ǰĵҰԣһƥ˭Ҳ޷ϼһ
ţ
΢΢һ㶣ǿӣ֮϶ʱ¶һĨĲ죬ˮ֮ڣһƬȻ
ǰˣ˸սĿüڵͫ飬ͬǳһҩʦۣа·Ļ£õĵ۾ڿĹ
ƣ
ϲĺǷ۶˵Со˳ŰӰӶһӰ˷ǰһ˫ˮ˸һЩɫ׷ʵôˣ㲻ǻǸСô

ǳ˳飬ѾͷеԸһҲûı䣬ֻȴ¶һĨĵ΢ЦصҲ泩ࡣ
θղãźϾزСϸԲȱֱ޳飬貨קƮݳѡ
СҲѾ绨ˣ
ѵҾͲô
ǣʵĵ
ҲǸδѵˣһλʵ켶ҩʦ
ȻҲûǣŮʣǴγߵĺ»ҲԲǷ糾˵ô򵥡
󣬾ǲһȻ

ͬЦŮзЦ绨һ˫ˮг񣬷ҲһͬЦ˳
˽ǲȻһЩĿע⣬ǵĿɨ֮ʱ֮ڣһŻȣЩļ
ߣ
ڿЩĿ֮󣬷ƵɫһߣɨȫЩģڿؿڳĻ֮Ҳ˻ȥ
ؼн׵ҩʦⱱǿǲడңÿһǱһЩľƹ֮ڡ
ҩʦڱһ飬ûҩʦ棬ڱ򣬼Ǵ粽У
벻겻Ѿǵؼнҩʦˡ
촽´˷һȦĵ˵ͷ
Ƿǳǰڵҩ켶нףΪں˳ҩҩԣ
ǺǣҲ򵥰
΢΢һЦһÿĻȡ
֣ǰŮҲԽԽɲˣԼһΪȻ͸ңϣƸܵһëȻϡ
Ҳ۷Ϊ
ԶҲ޷ǣŮ֮ˣܹԽնɱʦֻѾǸӿµĴڣ
֪аʥӻʲô
뵽ѦãѦӵ̫壬ҪӮԵŮҲ
ԣԲǳصģ
ʱһһŮǰ
еģԼʮ꣬һװ˼һϮɫƽ˼ظУһΪΪӢӣ麮겻һֱӾд
ŮģԼҲ˫ʮ껪Ľëˮ촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬һɫȹǰ͹µ͹˳ֻվʱһ˫˫۾
ߣ
һһɵɱӶͬι˵ļ䣬õ˲һʱЩȫǵͷȥҲҡ
Բһ򵥵ˣ
𶯣纮ԣҲֱԶ
һ£ҵĺýãѩ࣬Ưɣ
ǸΪľŮŷ˵

һһԵǸӣҲ֪ôشˡ


605 ֻ
Ǻǣ
ӣһ̳ʱҲûشֱڨڨһЦ֪Ҳ˵
ٺ٣
һЦȻҲӵĸԣƲƲ죬飬ʲôʲôֻţʵҾãӦýд̳ȽϺãߣ
С硣
ǸΪѩŮŭİһۣ
֪˰ɣûĵģ֪ı飬ˣ㻹ҪǮ
һܲģһĨϷʵĿ˵õѩѩ׵ӿֳĨۺ죬ߵĵͷȥ
㿴ˣһֹϵˡ
һģ̯̯֣ŷ˵
Ǻǣ
䣬һ΢Цű˵ƣ
ӱҲǵģһѩһĿ£ӲĶ˶ǣ³ɭ˷ֻأ
˻кˣгˡ
һԵųʵ
ȻͬļһȻ°Լ۵ķģеǳĲޡ
ģ˵һ仰һҲ᲻˵벻ͨˣԼľɵĹôϲôһأ
һǸԻҩ
к޺޵ţǹֻһۡ
С磬ͱΪˣҿҲ˵ĵطǻؿջɡ
ѩȻҲ֪Լ۵ĵԣһ˫ˮʵֱЯŵɫֱӾȥ
ǣŮǰ棬ֻں棬һ·˳ſĽֵȥһֱһҺĿջͣ
סһĺԺļ䷿һԣҲȥҷˡ
˵˵ôⱱųģ
£ЩеĶŷʵһ˫֮ھǺɫ
ΪҩĴڣȥǰƫԶĵ򣬲ҲΪ֮УŻɣҲʶ޷ꡣ
޷ţǰƫԶСڣȻһλδ켶ҩʦ
ɳٶȣҲľ
̶ʱ䣬Ȼʹһͽ𾳽磡
Щ֮ڵţĳɾͲʲôǣǰԴƶ£껹ڶ̶̵ʱ׷ֵ˵츳ҲΪ򵥣
ȻǴӴ͹ġ
ƣȻ˵һ΢ЦĿ
ߣѲ㻹·ô
һǰֵۣںʳڣӦǴаİɣô侧Ҫʮأ
Բ۾ʮ侧㾡һʳҲòôǴĵ侧
һԵѩҲǾĿ
˵ƺؼн׵ҩʦһ֮ڣЩţһֻҲһĨȡ
ʮ侧ܶô
ǣ۾ϷʵĿ
ҪŪʮ侧˵ֻһǳ򵥵飬ңָڣڿɻŰ֮޵侧ڡ
㡭
ĿɿڴĿ
꣬ȷѾǵħɽڵƽˣҲǣڵ켶ҩ䣬ֻҪʥҽʥأ˵ʮ侧ǼǧҲû˿⣡
켶ҩ˭أ
һֱܺ棬ؼ˵öӵ󣬼˶ǲš
ãһʯʦȱ侧ô
˵䣬âһõ˻ЩƺֱĴ
㾹Ȼͫ
羪е¶˼ɫ
ԽԽˣϾһõôҲã껹¶򵥡
϶дܣ
Ǻǣżõġ
΢Цɵ˵ţֳߵͫͰ·ߵȥǰļ򵥣õѩ඼Ƿ˷ۣһԵֻأɫȴûκεı仯ƺѾûʲôܹľ
ˣǲҲΪսĹ
һתϵľ΢գڴ˷ܵĹâŷʵ
սĹ
һ㶣ҡҡͷʾδ
㲻ΪսĹģ
˶ǲĿʵˣ
ǺǣΪһС£һˡ
ɫ䣬嵭˵ֻǣһԵֻȴ΢ɨһۣƺͫĨأȴҲûƣһԡ
ȻǸպȱһҩʦͼǰɣһȥսĹѰսʥĴУ
ֱô˵š


606 սһ

ϵЦ΢ɫԵЩԥˡ
Ѿ˷һµʱ䣬ȷ˷ѲˣңսĹһ֪Ǽ򵥵Ķ˷Ѽʱ䣬ȥصʱҲûˡ
ѵԸ⣿
ķӦ΢΢һЩɵʵòǸ֪սĹɣ
֪
εҡҡͷ
ȷǵһ˵
شôɴֻ࣬ҲɨһۣѩĿɿڴĿ
һˣ
ѩԷƵĶλ
ҲˣǴģ
һĶͷŷͶһԭ˵񣬲ǽ͵սĹǻĹʱսߵսʥĹأ
Ĺʱսߣ
һкȻĿ硣
Ĺʱڣʥݺᣬսʥȴ֮ܳΪǵʱսһ룬սкεȵĿֲ
Ȼ
ֱ£صĵ˵ͷһأ˵սʥǻĹʱΨһһ´һлܻˣ
һ仰˵һУ
˻
Ʋɵĵһ
ۣľؼ伫µĴڣһƾһѴܣʥˣҲǵָ飡
ʱĹŵ۾һѹŴɼ֮ʥܿģսʥȴǽ´һжǺεȵĺˣ
ֱף
ԣΪĹʱսߵʥˣһս뻯ͬʥˣҲ׵նɱ
սĴʥӲһ꣬˱򣬽Լڴˡ
ĴУ˭Ҫ
˵һЩսʥ¼֮󣬷Ķˣ
Ƿȱľ似
ϴаʥභ˼Ҹûжʲô似һֱĳ֣ƾ̫ܣͽԼѹ塣
һʥصʥӣ˵û켶似ԼҲţңԻһЩߵȵؼɱƾ֮ҲûУ
ԣҪߵȵ似켶似
սʥĴУֻ»켶似ļ򵥣Ϊ켶似ǿɻܴܳһ
ι㾹Ȼԥ
˼ĺǵС£ѵܱȵĹսʥĴлҪҪ
ǺǣһҪȥС¡
ƿЦ
ʲô£˵һȥˣȻȥһͬսĹҲ԰
׷ʵ
һС껹ʲô飿
ǰ˶ѣǻģϾС񣡡
һԵѩҲȰ˵
ǺǣлˣֻǣֻС¶ѣǱȽ鷳ҪʱѣͲ鷳λˡ
ƻһɣüͷ΢磬һ
Ҳ⣬Ѿˡ
ţǵЦŨˡ
һСôҪôսĹӦùüҪˣò˶ʱ䡣
ľܾҲԵЩƲֹ֣
ò˼죿
һ㶣һĨ⡣
š
ӵ˵ͷһʱ䣬սĹͻῪ
Ŷ
Ӧһ˼һҧһʱڣôȥսĹɣǵ»΢ŷš
ģ
羪ϲĽеٴ˾
ȻºҿɾҪȥҵˣսĹ
΢Ц˵
Լʮµʱ䣬ֻǻһʱ䣬ǺȥһսĹģϾ뱱£ҲңʱҲܴ̽ڱصϢһãֶΪأ
̫ˣ
ϲ⣬һ˫ٴгЦеĿŷƣλδ켶ҩʦ룬ǵĳɹ˼ɣҲóЩĶˣ
ţ
ѩֻضǲĿ
켶ҩʦ
ѩɵʵҲɨ˷һۡ
԰
˵ͷҩҩ֮һȴںˣ켶ҩʦʲô
켶ҩʦ
ѩһ㶣ǰ˵ûеһ£Ϊ˭ҲԸţһƫƧСڻһλ켶ҩʦһܹںҩ֮켶ҩʦ
Ȼٰ
ĵ˵ͷ߰˰°ͣǲһƺ켶ҩʦһ㡣
ƾȻں˳ҩ֮һԵıֻ״ζˣ
ҩҩλܹںҩҩ䣬Ǳض켶۷ҩ䣡
ǲ˵ǰŵؼн׻µ꣬ԺΪҩʦľô


607 
ҩʦķֽףһ˿ܲǣܲô
ԣص˵һ꣬öӣһۿںһöĻ֮ռ˶Ǳֲŵ̬ȣΪժȡʱСĵö
Ҫ֪켶۷ҩ䣬ҩ壬ҲֱӳܣˣǱҪø켶۷ҩϼصҩܳһʱ䣬мʼ̳Уԣ˵һСģһ꣬켶۷ҩ䣬˿ǺΪĻĹѩҲûš
Ǹҩ壬һСļ壬˵Ǳʦ͸˵ּ壬ȥôҩ壿
ԣʱѩֻأҲǱֻɵ̬ȡ
Ϊȥ۵ӣѩҲûɣֻأȻɻ󣬵ǱģǲʱɨƵĿȴǳġ
ǾȻң
ǵɫ缱ţЩĪվŷµƣϽѳҩҩ¶Ǽʶʶ
˵꣬ǵɨѩֻأһǿڰɣģǣһʱȴǷ֣ԼʱѩȴɻǴźɵɫ
С֪ģ㡣
ѩܷܷ֣ģðο˵ƺ´̼һ㡣
ţ
һ㶣ٴοƣȴǷֺ߶ԼڨڨЦš
Ǹ磬ڳҩҩԣѾĹˣԡ
ЩΣڨڨ˵
ϴνأũҩϵ鵤ҩҩݾΪҩҩû鵤֮ڣԣǲɻָˡ
ʲô
ͬβ͵һ㾪гһε꣬ץĳ嶯
һﲻǹԼԵİɣ
ôҪҩҩأöӣʲôҪôҩԣ
ཱུĵģǺ޲Ҫһﱩһ١

΢΢һ飬ЦŽ͵ʵΪˣΪ顣
ʱ˵Ϊأ֮²ŽҩҩԸݾˣǰпܻô

绹Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬷һ֣һĨͬҺҩָԶţɢһƢҩ㡣
켶ҩʦ
˵ͫ׶΢΢һΪҪڵĻ˻ȥԣһЩ糺졣
ֻн켶ҩԲŻΪҺ̬
ǳʶ½ϼ˽֪
㾹ȻѾ켶ˣ
ع羪ʵ
źߣ
һÿĻȣȵ飬ֱ£˵ͷǵҩԵֱϡ
ҩ壬ǾһתõΪ֮һ˾һСҲ΢΢ſϲ£
Ȼ켶ҩʦ
ѩ֮һĨ𾪡
һλ켶ҩʦȻһСڣҪ˵ȥ˭أ
ں˳ҩҩô
ѩֻЩš
ܹںһҩ֮Ǿ˵ڵҩ䣬Ҳ켶۷壡
ҩʦδľ棡
һֻҲΪ֮ٴζˡ
ΪҲû˵ѵıҪϾ켶ҩʦѾݳߵĴˣûҪ˵ڮԼ
ѵǱȽҩ壿
ǷƵȷں˳ҩĻҲֻôһˡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ѩǾȵɫǵˣ°ٴ
ڳˣжһλ켶۷ҩʦʲô
ϵģʥҽʥصλ̫ϳϣ
ڴ½ĿУǿţļһ㶯öջ˵ǲı䣬һʥҽʥأȴǵʥع飬һһһֱȥ
ռңҲֻһλľѣݣռҵ̫ϹϣλĳߣռҼ˵ҲǿͿģ
磬ȴǻöӣͳɹĽõһλδľ棬Ʒȷû˵
벻ֵܾȻͳΪ켶ҩʦǿϲɺذ
ѩ͵΢Ц˵
ҩ־ҩ壬ĸҩ壬Ҫ켶ҩ䣬ǻҪܳһʱ䣬ʱгж̣еĿһ꣬ҲеĿһꡣ
ǺǣҪöӡ
ЦһЩп˵
һֱڻɣԼû磬ûеõӣڵԼֻǸʲôӣ
ԣҲ˵ŮиıԼ֮ˣ;ԲԼĽ죬ңҲѣ


608 ʥ
㣬Ȼ֪˷ϣҲû֪óҩҩԣųɹں˵һ쾧֮󣬲Ÿдˣ

ƿһ䣬Ц绨СзЦ˵ϸֳĨ糺죬ʱޱߡ
Ǻǡ
֪ΪΣŮЦҲĸɵЦǵĻȣôԡ
ᡭ
üȥˣһԵѩüȴ΢ĳһŮӦöкøˡ
ΪĹۣռҵĹҲһЩ
ΪռҵڣǵѪǽֹģԣǷպΪҩʦľ棬ҲȢ磡
׸
Ҫһλҩʦ׸ѶҲǱȽϴģ

һԵı飬а̾һ
Լܱۺõȥ
ɵЦʲô
΢΢Цݣ˷һۣȴһĨ⣬ڷڨڨɫʵˣΪʲô켶ҩʦأ簡
Ǻǡ
ƿЦҡҡͷ
磿粻˼еɱ˰ɣ
켶ҪȥʥҽʥزȡҴ㣬ʱȥ
һת˸Сѡ
Ŷԭˡ
һȻĵ˵ͷ
ţ˱ҲһЩ֮Ȥ£õ粻סĽЦһԵѩȻϴ΢Цǿ֮ʱͫȴЩһݵǡ
ֻأģû¶κɫϾҲûһ£˵˵ˡ

ҹ䣬īһڣֲָڴϣתԪڵԪӿ뵽֮ڣһɰɫǴ˳ڷƾȷĿ£β׵һһϴš
𣬴ľҪףǾͱԪϴӣܼӿٶȡ
ԣ쾧ӵ쾧ߣͻѰߣҪĶ࣬ͬаʥѦӵ̫ܣ̫ܴٶȾ͸ˣ
ƣʱѾǰֻ̤볬Ʒĳ̶ȣЧҲǺܿɹ۵ģܹĸоβ׵ǿͶȵ
ʱǼģһҹתۼһ֮󣬷Ʋ߳š
Ѱľܹ켶ôεļǸ
ңڰļ£ѾоͻƵأòöþܹͻ˰ɡ
ͬԵʱսĹͻῪȡΪ죬ʱڣܽ뵽Ĺ֮ѰսʥĴУ㲻ܵõУܹսʥһս⣬Լ似ҲǺаģ
СڣϸĸƲϰţھâ˸ȡ
սʥΨһһ´һжˣ
սɶ칤뻯ΪĹʱǿʥˣƾģԼĪս
ܹõսʥĴС
ֻһ룬ƵĺǼ࣬ҲһŻȡ
Ҳõսʥս֮ͬ׵忹ˣ
˱ѦѹŴ裬Ƿ糤ϳûҴĿܣ
һҪ
Ϊ֮ϳԼˣ
֮սͽֲ۱Լأȴһѹ壬ʣ
һվ½۷壬Լļֱܹ˺κ˵
Ƿ̤·ĳԣ
ÿʱ򣬽սĹڵ˻кܶ࣬ǣ뵽˹Ĺ֮󣬾ͻܵսʥʥѹƣǴܣڹĹ֮Ҳᱻѹھ磡
˵
ʥѹƣ
һ
ûλʥ˽뵽սĹ֮ڣҲѹһΪ
һԵѩ˵ͷһ䡣
ʥҲѹˣ
һһĨ¡
սʥδҲ̫ǿˣ֮󣬻ܹѹʥˣ治ʥеĵһˣ
Ȼų˴ۣκ˽뵽սĹڶܵѹƵģ
˵ͷ֮ҲһŻ
ֻǣһԵֻأȴɻһűƺսʥĴУҲûжȤһ㡣
֪᲻ᱻѹơ
ʱʹֱۣܹﵽܣǶаʥӵܵĺУҲԿ
ӦûпܻᱻѹƣϾò徫òԪ
Խ룬ƾԽÿܣ
ôһսĹڣǶϴܣӦҲԿ٣ԱӦûж⣬ңӲǳصģ
ԣԼ


609 ʦ
ųǵɫһƬûյĹҲ䲻ѹѹģõҲѹ֡
¡¡
񷣬绮ʣһǣųǵĴ͹󴦣ȴһֱϵдʻһӢ˻ڵĴһԾ񷣬󿪣ĴӰ첻ǡ
һһ߳ûмϹĴ꣬ҲеĻȡ
սĹ˲֪˲ʮһΣͬԵʱսĹͻῪʱ䣬ÿʱ򣬸ʥصľӢǶǻӵһЩѾõĴҲ
κˣκ޷սĹĴڣ
ֻǣӻĹֽսĹѾΣȴûд˵õڵĴУջҲȡһЩսʥղأܹ׽һս⣬Ҳޱˡ
ˣսĹȴһֱû˹ңÿεĿһЩʥصʥʥŮһЩҵľӢӵܣˡ
ײһҪģҲǸ֮һεĽԣ
ǵʵǸδ
һɶõʢᣬÿһӢӵܣʥʥŮǾž֮Ϊֱһв塢ʥû˭˭һʢᣬҲ˾ʹ£

սĹԨһƬ޶֮أûеؼϵҩʦȥ
绺Ľܵͬɽˮǡ
Ҫؼҩʦ
һ䣬¶һĨЦ⡣
ѹھƹڣҼҩʦ۵˾ͽס
ûҪȻͳˣΪͬԾ⼸ڻ֣˭Ҳ֪ʱ䣬ҿǻǾȻȻͲˣ
վԵЩԾԾԣһϾǼ˷ܣƺֻҪȥˣսĴоһ㡣
𼱰أ
һԵѩҡҡͷ£ѩ׵Զׯһ˫ˮӱ޼ʣӨǳĳ̵³ͬԣӦǻָҵĳ졣
ȥιô
һתѩָ˹ž޲͵Цʵ
Ŷˡ
һĶͷµа£İ
ţ
֮ĶԻֱӾǵЩȻɻĿˡ

ķɵͷԵģ罿ЦǸ˵ˣѩ࣬һʦ
ʦ
һ㶣ԻˣĽ˵ʲôʦ
ʦһΪصְҵܹ֮УΪ֪飬ܹδƣ
ÿսĹʱ䣬ǴһЩʦдġ
Ȼܹδ
һݡ
ʦҲ̫˰ɣܹδϻǰ첻ô
һһľѩ࣬ھǺɡ
ôľһŮܹӵǵ
ߣɱСǼѩ࣡
糯ŷǣһǰǴȥ֮ʱѩѾԤ⵽һеĹˣڹ˵İ£һǸ񣬽Ҿ㣬Ȼ׵񣬲ô
⡭
һ֮һĨȻ
ʦѵĿԤ⵽δҪһô
ɣ
罿Ц˵ΣѩҲԤˣսʥĴһοʱᱻ˼̳УԣҾˣ
ʲô
һѿʵ˭˭õսʥĴУ
ʰգЩŵĿѩࡣ
֪
ѩҡҡͷ͵ֻ֮п˼̳սʥĴУǣҿ˵ĳ࣬ŮҲ

ĺ˿
ͣƲ֪ʦҲܵģܹҲֻһģѣ಻ɲ⣬ʱܷҲܹ֪һǶߴӶĶѡ
ܹȶǶߣѾˣʱܹıһδˣ
ѩ࣬δΣ
ѩֱۣʵ

˷һۣѩԵЩԥˡ
ǺǣҲãҪô
ƵҲ̹ȻҲ֪Լܹܲ˳Ľ뱱ժȡͷ
ǡðɡ
Ŀ£ѩ໹ǴӦ֣óһʮҴС޼ʡû˿ɫԲСĵķϣŷ˵뽫˫ַϡ


610 
ǰһռһɫԲڣīһ㣬һƬҹĻһ㡣

΢ĺ˿Ĵߴ½˫ַ֮ϡ
ֱһһ㣬õķ΢΢ľ
۾ɣҪκεĲ
ѩһ͵Ц⣬˵
š
ӦһǱ۾񻺻ĳȥһƬž޲Եʮֵƽɫ͡
ʱ˫֮£ڵڣǷһſͬǳһĹ˸仯ϲ⡣
ʱҲչͷһ˫Ĵ۾ţ֮ھһƬɫһԵֻأҲǲʱǿ
ڣһλҩʦδ
ѩһ˫ڱޱȣ֮ǰɫֱڵĹ֮˸ţϵͬ
ף
ɻѩк΢΢𣬻ָֻǣȴ˸ŨŨɻ벻⡣
ôô
ֱۣһ׷ʵ
ʱҲ۾ջֱۣҲڴĿ
˵ע£ѩЩεҡҡͷɻĿ¿ڽ͵ûδδ֮ڣԸ޷ݣ
ʲôδҲ֮ڣ
羪һ˫˸ŨŨľȡ
ţûһġ
ѩ˵ͷһԵֻһۣɻĿŷơ
ǳʦһɵķչ
Ȼ˵ʦֻܿ˵һǣǸݴľ飬ܹݵĸ࣬ӶܹŵĿһδ߳ɾɳ·;ϵĽѡ
ǣܻһЩ⣬Щ˾δԤ⣬һ֣ܹվڴ½۷壬һֻزۣҲһСˣĬĬŵĹһǵˣ˭Ҳ޷⡣
ң˻һص㣬ˣ˶ǻģϲ䣬޷ݣֻжϾ˽˲Ż±ʡ
Ԥô
ƿЦҡҡͷҲȻˡ
˶䣬أǴزһѵĻڵУͲ֮һˣ

һ۷ƣѩԵЩֹüҲ΢΢һ
ʲô㵹ǿ˵
Щˣҡֱۡ
˵޷
΢΢һЦ嵭˵
⡭
ѩԥصĶŷ˵Ҵϣһ٣٣йأ֪˵ĶԲԣ
ʲô٣
ƻû˵৵һ¾վоУ֮ϾԻҡ
һ֮һĨ˼顣
ʦǲ򵥣ֻǿһ࣬Ȼܹµİ˾Ųʮȷ죡
ԣҲű˳֮ΪʦΪܹ⣬׻
ЩҪĽѻǲɱģƵ١
Ҳ֪뱱ؾǾһǣҪȥ٣޿ɱ⣡
٣ôأӣǲǿˣ
ԵЩϵ׷ʣȴǻѩĿЦҡͷ
ĳٲ£ţԼҲԣҲֳŨŨ
򵽵Ϊʲô
żʵ֮ҲһˮۿЩ졣
ǺǣֻһС¶ѣ٣ֻ÷ǼˣҲûʲô˵ġ
ɫ䣬΢ЦЦ˵
ô
΢΢һȻģһֳ֮⡣
Ȼġ
ֱ£Ƶ˵ͷһС¶ѣҷȥðǸգˣǶ˵ǰɣ
š
ͷ»ָɣŷЦģһҲЦ˳иǽ
㻹Ͻлǵѩʦο϶ˣߣ
ǣ͸л
ӦŶѩ๰˹֣ĵлѩѣʤмԺʲô󾡹
Ǻǣûʲô
ѩЦֻȴɻ
ΪԼ㴩ͲȥӦô
һԵ磬΢̾һûȥ㴩
ΪʦǳףЩ٣޿ɱġ
Ĵ꣬һ磬ʱǷˣͨҫ۵ͻ˲ƣ貵ųǣʱȻһ¡
ȥԱɣ
԰緹վ飬ֶŷƵĵüһĳ˵ͫǷôã


611 Ա
ԱǴ˵Ŀġ
ΪΪ½Ա֮أ˲Զ챦ĳΣԳһ۱Ƭ֮󣬱򣬳
ΪԱ֮صĺģųϱ߶һƬԱأһֱ𱬣ÿ춼˳ǰԱ
ԱȻɳԽܹԵ챦ˣ֮٣һҲӰЩԱ߶Ա
ΪֻҪܹԵһ챦ǾԸıһ֮ˣҪ֪ЩȫǴԶʱģֵǣɹ
ԣӵͫʯʦҲǻ켣ƬԱϡ
һƬԱϣǷ迪ˣѩһһԱţһ챦ĶڷǰΰεģбƬ⼣߰ߵģŹֵĸ񡭡ȵȣΣҲֻͫһɨӿʼڣһʱ֮ڣѾĿǧα챦ˡ
˵ЩڣֻһСǴԶŹĹսԳ󲿷֣̼α죬һС֣ϾʧǸѣûж;
ǣ٣۸ȫǸߵľˣһǶǱʮ侧νһ겻ţųһ꣡
һʱ䣬һ⣬Щ黫Ա˵ʲô⣬ԱߣǻЩ̼лȥһʾްѧѡ
ôһǣǲ㿴ˣ
ٴηһŵӨԵĪǺɵĿŷơ
Ǻǣ
΢΢䣬ǰָǸ˵ϸʵһÿĹֻпùĻЩ⣬մһЩѣʮ侧һ˵ֵֵ
ᣬôһЩĶûһõ𣿡
ԣЩйС죬ԵЩȤ
ʵкܶĶõģӦǴԶս֮ԳģѾϾʧʷȴʯͷѾûˣһоֵǣıѾоֵ
ָ΢ɨһԱ۰ʮ侧Ĳȱ˼ǵĳֿ֮ڽ˵
Щ̼ͳ˾Щ챦֮ڻһϣǾ;Զ챦ˡ
޾£ܲϣ챦Ǽ򵥵Ķô
ѡɣҲܣڽ֮ڣѡһ챦Ȼͫǰˣ
ЩµõķЩ
Ҿɡ
ǳ˳飬ӲͷƤӦ
̼ҵӹɣԼǵǿ켶ʯʦҲԽֱ֮СûзӦҲܰٷ֮ٵȷ١
Ҳ֪ǼһܹܲӦԶ챦ϡ
ֹţҲֱģ֣óһ侧ͫʼѰ֮á
һһ󲿷ַƶɨûиӦκε춯СҲһֱûзӦ
ҹųһƬƻͨԱͬһ㣬˳ӿϢ
һ·ϣѩλŮڶԵĿ⣬˭Ŀѩϣֻأͻɱڵĵɻȥ˿µ˭
һﲻǸɱְɣ
ֻһֹۣ
飬ɱˣη޾壬ƶ컳ǲǸˡ
ӭ٣
Ʋһֻ̤̣һԾСӱӭһЦĽе
λ˷ģ̵ĶǴϹսģһʮ
Ļÿһ̶飬ǰһɨ˹ȥ
صԱҲ˲⣬Ҳûж͡
ף
һ·ɨ֮һݾɵĸ֮ϣеСص˷Ƽѣõͣͫɻˡ
񣬿ڷǾһֻȴһĹ
ⲻ˵ôʲôϡģ
ͣһۣµòҪʮ侧ûõɣ
λС㣬ɲͨȷȷʵʵϹսϼģ
һվŵľСô˵ͲˣһǵЩͨ죬ڱƺĻ˺
԰
ҲɻˣС򲻿Ե޹ʵԼǣȴֿ񵽵ĵڲͬ
Ϲս
ǰȻȴԶŹϵĸ񣬷һʼ׼ȷж


612 ʥ
ԶѾûܹļ㵽׹˶ˣǸʱµͨ鱦Ҳ໯ûжܹŵĹµʴһУսʥǵȾھ֮ˣҲʧããʷ֮УӲµĥ
ǴϹսԳġ
СǺ۾ҲЩ죬Ŭ
ˣ
ͫĳȥǴһĨ޵Ц⣬嵭СӶ֮ʱһ嵽һѣĵЦݣŷƹά˵λĿ۹⣬ʶ𰡣
ƣ˰ʮ侧ôһ񣡡
۾ԲɣЩ㵵ľ
Ǻǣ
Цһ۾΢΢һգ֣óһöָݸһԵСӣһ¡
ϣ
СһͬջʢϲЦտĽӹָһ֮󣬱˵侧㹻Զˣ
ûж˵ֻֽǸСĸսָڣǴ缸Сӵǧл̡֮߳
ѵҲʲô챦ɣ
һ̣Щٵ׷ʡ
ǺǣɲͨǴԶʱġ
һ䣬Сӵԭ˵˳
Ǹ̵Ļ
ЩĪŵУھͻȥ˵һȻʮ侧Ϊⶫ챦
С硣
ѩס͵Ц͵챦
ʲô
һ㶡
񣬿Զʱġ
۾΢΢һÿĻȡ
Զһͨ鱦ҲֱӻΪˣһȴܱԭµʴѾ˵һˡ
ȻҲСѣƲŻϸȥ۲ڵޣͫע£쵽ƵĹϣ¡
һЩܱ״Զ챦Ѿֵʮ侧ˣܹ񣬼ֵԻЩ챦֮ϣңֻ»
⡭
ƵѣŻȻͫ΢΢һһĨ˼ľ档
㲻ãȣһëô
˵ţǵЦҲ͸Ũˡ
ϣܵϴʯФʦѡǿëһϡ
Ȼȥǿ
Ƽȷ֮ھһؽľȻܴԶʱŴ

˵Цˣһ˫гǴĶЦģҾ֪㲻ʧģ
ţ£ǹʮ̣ȴûʲôջ
ͻ켶ҲЧͲһˡ
ؼ۷ͫѾǷǳĲˣǣҪһЩ챦̣⻹ǲࡣ
ȥɣ
ЩȲҪ֪ھʲô
ȻᣬǻһҪĵطûȥ
صһЦ
߸ּϣ֪˱ųǣҪȥһطǣԱ֮ء
Ա㳡
УһЩԱߴԶսԶŹĹ֮ԳģȻƷɴڣǣЩٻ֮ڣȴʵʵĴŸԶ챦꣬ǵ۱ƬǳƬԱ㳡֮ڣ
ϣԶ鱦侧
ԶǳԶʥ˹Ĺ
һԱ㳡֮ǵضļͷЩ£Żָ
ǰĹ㳡ǰСָ̯λҵİڳϣе죬Щ޹⣬е⼣߰ߣеĹҫۡ
貶Ŀ쾧ڣǻȡͬԣֱӶһ侧
ϵҲޣӢ˻һʲô򵥵ˡ
Ͼܹóʮˣ϶һڣͬģȱ㡭
λӣһͲǼ򵥵챦Ϊ׼ģѵԶ챦ô
λС㣬ղʱ챦ԼζˣӦϵӰ쵽
һ̼ҹάһõαƷļһǣЩ
Ϊӣǻʲôǲأ
ɨȫʱһϼ¡Ӣ䲻ӣһ˵Ĵӵ˹㳡Ե
ƮƮ£ʳףͬĹʥһ㣬޾⻷еĵϣ鲻ԽҪĤݵĳ嶯
ţǱʥصʥӣ
Ⱥ֮˾


613 
ʥӣͬһһУõһĹŴʥĴУʥܵ޿ңԭĬĬŵһԾΪʥǣ֮ڣʱıʥӴܣӶΪʥصʥӣ
ʥ죬ܹѹɽӣ֮ͬڸûĵ֣ǶʮһѾľ۷壬ֻһž̤߾磬һҲĶ֣
һʥĴУ˭Ҳ֪õʲôӵʲôĵƣΪĿǰΪֹûܱʹõƣ
벻ȻʥӶˡ
սĹĿֽһ
ΪǸԣʥҲ
˵ѵǸԣλ˵õսʥĴУ
û˵ԸʥҲѾ֪ˣνǰδеĴۻᣡ
ûϷˡ
Ҳ˵ʱʥҲû˿ãȴ˴ʥУսĹڣҲжơ
Ҳǡ
ʥӣϮϮͷڣ絶Ƿͬ嫺񣬿һۣϢĳ嶯̤Բʥͬˮһ㲨ԣÿһĳģ
ɨܣû˸ȥ֮ӣȫǵͷȥͬĹʥѲһ֣ѹȫߵģǽĴڣ
ʥ嫣޿ҡ
ǿ
ֻǿһۣƱһ֮һĨȻ
ĳⱱʥǹΪ֮ȷʱӵлĹŴʥĴУѾעĲƽ
õô԰ô
ƲƲ죬
ȻʥӵĳҲǺܸð
һԵѩ࣬һ͵Ц⣬ǳ˸˸Өƺܿȥδ֪
һԵֻأֻɨһۣü΢û˵ɫ䵭ƺⱱʥӻ벻һ㡣
ǺǣˣȥԱɡ
񣬷΢΢һЦż˽Ա㳡֮ڡ
ͫ˸˸ɨȫһ·ƾռ˼쾧ѣҲûʲô̫ջ
ĽףڱУ
֮ڣʥӹˣ֮˽ãû˸ҵǰĹž£
ʲôջˡ
ٴɨһȫ΢΢̾һ
ʲôʱǽɣҲԳһ챦ɣȻǾֻƾ۹ˡ
ȥɡ
бʥڳԱ㳡ϵնǱЩѹ֣ҲʧȥԱȤԵЩȤǣƱ
ððûȥ񾿾ʲô
ԣüЦкá
ߣ
һʱ·ƱǼʥһ˻Ϊ˲£Ƽ˻һȥ
Ա㳡ޱȣԲΣ·ҲʮȻ粻ʣڷѩȰ˵£ǹԹ˻һ·ߣֻǣǰȴǺݺݵĹ˱ʥһۡ
ţ
ʥƺǾ쵽쳣ԣһɨۣǿ˷һ˵ıӰüͷ΢΢һҲû˶׷ȥ
ҲؿǣǱųǣǱʥصĵ̣⶯֣ɲʲô
ৣ
ڷƼ˾Ϳ߳Ա㳡ʱһֱڷƻеСͻƱ𣬴˳ֱӳĳȥ
С򣿡
΢һ㶣ɫ΢䣬̧ű׷ȥ
ô£
춯õһһۣǿ첽ȥ
ץҵԶ챦
ʱһ߰ǴӲԶ˳ţһɧҡ
ৣ
ӰֱվڷƵļͷϣС
ѽѽ
ʱС˫һģŹֵѽѽĽһĿŷơ
мĪ·ɬΧһƣ죬ֻǣʱȴǰ޹⣬ͬܣϿԡ
ðȻСָʹԼĳ͵Եģ
ɻʱһݵ׳׷ǰһ˫ţԲɣһݺݵĶŷƽʱĿ⡣
͵ԣ
ǳ˳飬һװ޹С򣬲Ŷ׳˵£Ҳ֪飡
㻹֪飿ҵ̯λϵԶ챦У㾹Ȼ˵Լ֪飿
׳ͬԩһ㣬д
Զ챦
һ
Сһ￴ϵĶͨĶô
ѹеļ¶һƽʱҲǸ˹
ô£
ȻҲǸ׳ĽһɨۣǿƼվŵС򣬶ʱһ˫ڱ˸ǹ⡣


614 һ
ۣÿɰС
羪һֱǳСץȥ
ৣ
СƨһŤһӰֱӱվڷƵһͷһУӣһֱצƺ¶ԼǺ۸ġ
ף
һץգҲ΢΢һ㶣ǷǳԻСڸǹã֣ٴץ˹ȥֻǣСٶȺ֮죿̣ͬ׽ץΣȴһëҲûʱǴˡ
һԵѩҲһ㶣ʵһڣȻһֻû˿޺С޶ץסõҲ¶һĨɫ
ڷǳվڷƼͷСޡ
һ
ûǿһ
ɢȥǳ֮ͷСޱٴγԶ֮
飬࣬࣬˵ڣ
ǰСȴǵĵȷȷĴõѩЩԸԼ۾ǣٴηֳǳ֮⣡
ôܣ
оԭֻҪС޾Ǻ֣Ȼܹ˵ٶȣȴǷ֣С޸һޣڵĶ
СȵٶȣһԵֻأϱ״νⶳ֮¶һĨ棬ңƺҪԵĳ嶯
ָоƺԼ֣ҲδܹץͷСޣ
Ǹ׳ƺҲ֣ǰһƺҲͷرǿֻأһ˲䣬о񶼿챻ˣð뵽ǹų֮ڣûаȾܡ
ҾͲˣ
ҲһĨѵԼȻֻСҲ㲻
ϣƣһ˫۵СֻӰץСȴһδգⲻЩйͣЩཱུĵС
ˣ
Ůߣ棬ʱĥ䣬õķиһĨȣ˿ֱӽǻڼͷצСץסһ㵵ɫ£Ե˳ֵݸ硣
ҿ㻹ܣ
һƬĴУ޻һ㣬Сʹ飬ֵĿֱЦһ˫ֲϵ޹ǵСӡ
Ȼҵĳⶫ˹Ҿ°ɡ
ֵĶƹεĶǸ׳˵
£
׳һ㶣ǻһɫԶ챦ֵ侧

ǳ˳飬ƲһۣԶⶫԶ֮ʧαģ·߼񵽵ģԶ챦Ǻǣ
ʯʦ
Ƶķһ˫ͫ׳һϸĴǰһɨۣǿؿڵа·Ļ£ʱͫһؼнҩʦ
ʮ侧ͻ㣡
ϵ𺳣ǲźۼ䣬˵
Զ챦ûа侧ǲģ
һǮ׳ʱع̵Ը¶š
ǣ
һƣǳȴҲ֪ⶫ϶ֵֹ侧ѣһڴӦȴ϶̵ĻɣͻЩòʧˣʮ侧ûĶ࣡
˵գ߼˴еСͶһ̯λһҲǳصǸ׳˵챦ⶫôλֵȴǱ侧ȴҪ򣬲磬ȥ̯λǱ۶٣
ⶫĲͬ
׳Ǻɫ
Ŷ˵˵ĵ㲻ͬ
ǣζʵ
Ͳˣؼ۷ͫûʲôͨ׳ܿʵ
ҵȴһĹڳģԶ챦ȻϾʧȴãҲֵʮ侧
׳첱ӵı
ⲻȴӹĹڳġ
һԵѩ໺ǰǳ˸Զһģ֪˵ĶԲԣ
⻰һ׳ʱɫ䣬һ˼Ŀѩ࣬ڿһoһ㡣
ûⶫһĹģֻǣûκ˵ôŮε֪ģ
˫ǳ˫׳ĽԱƵĴͬˮ£һҲЩն
ããʮʮ򣡡
żĳŷƽµʱָ뿪
ˣ˵£ʵ̫ˣԱ㳡֮ڣмࣿ
ҳʮ侧
һͬĵӲԶ˹


615 
Ʋ˹ȥǿʥлʮ˲ӵ£˹ʱüͷ
ΪʥҪôһš
ѵܿĲ
תƿٵ˼ȴ¶ģһҪԼУΪ˵ʥҲϧ
˶ڷ٣ŨüĿ޾ʥ֣һ·˾ÿ
ƨ
Ʋһۣ죬һ˫ָǲϵСţõĺȥֱۡ
ıʥӣѩϸ֮ϣһĨĪЦ⣬ľվǰһԵֻأȴСһվǰһɱ֮⣬˳
Ǻǣʮ侧ֱӸһ쾧ɣ
׳˾㵵Ŀ£ʥֱ˷һ˵Ĵڣ֣óһŻĻ쾧ʱΧ¶ȣ
׳ֱӴˣվǰĿһδʥصʥ
ǰ߸ϵĴڣо֮ͽܹӴĵġ
Ҳסˡ
ʥΪҪļǮȥôأѵԶ챦ɣ
ʱ˱ǿеĴ˫â˸˸۾
ţ
ʥȻϹ΢ЦȴǱޱȣӣ׳ͷЩΣƵ쾧ԵĽУɴվ
ףΪԼ侧ĶһôֵǮˡ
ң
ʥʣĹŴʥҫˣһ֮󣬱תƣе˵ţ嵭ȴһݲɾܾڡ
˼
ֳâηֱ΢΢һ䣬ҳʮһ侧
˻
£ʱǴһһ˫˫۾ŷƶǴŲŵɫ
ΪֱӾǵһʥδʥ
ʥ֮ΥпߣᱻʥĨ𣬲Ȼʥڣ
ˣ
һλؼҩʦҲ޿ɱ⣡
˶ôģǲΪҪôΪα챦ֵô챦Ҳֵã
ΪʲôҪһ֮ȥһʥأ
һվֻѩ࣬һĻһ˫ٴλΪһƬǳס˸ƺʲô

űʥЩ㵵ɫ罿Цһ˫ˮгֳܷܷŷƱ˸Ĵָ
ȻðұʥӣֱǴ
վڱʥ֮ǲˣһڳɫǰŷƺǳ
ǶǱʥӵĺѡʥӣ߾ӢӵܣάʥӣǱģ
֪С㵽ļʥӵܣٱ
ϽȻľ𣡡
Ǹϴɫָ裬ڳ壬뽫һٴɱļơ
ʲôУ
ƻû˵һԵǲˣһ䣬ףЩȫѹȥ
Ů磬ƴĪϣ֮ߣһһ
ʥӣô磬ǵһʥĴôʲô˲ģ
ͬʥıʥӣ˿Ӱ죬һֶСһֲסķƤëС΢Ʋвмĳĸԣһɨš
˻һʱȫ
ڳһλʥӣ
ʱ˶ǿٵȥǻᱻһ㣬ڲ²һ˵ʲôݡ
ɨˣûһǼ򵥵ģ
ƣΪȻһȴһλʵʵŵؼнҩʦµҩʦ
͸Ӳ˵ˣһ׾ɱһУ޷ʵΪǱʥҲ֮ơ
ѩ࣬ȻΪȴҲҪǣ¶ǴһʸУ˿ȥλõĸоܲʵ
ֻأ޾η˫ӣ͸ĹǷֻǿһۣҪԶĳ嶯
һɱ
˶ָоӵĮһУƺϾûɱ˵ˣʥӣҲŸУɵıʥܻ壡
㣡
ʥֱ磬иŭܹоʱǵĿŮ
ʥΥʥ
ʲôң˼Ҽһ侧ͳˣ˵㱱ʥضˣ
ɲ۾ֱӵɻȥƲƲС죬ŲмĿ˵ֱıʥֱһ˫۾죬ʥȻӿǵأֱӳѹȥ


616 භ

ʥϣ羪κˣ嫺嫳룬ܹѹһУһʹվΧıӵܶǱ˳ȥһЩ̫üߵ˸ǸƼһ㱻˳ȥԶȥǱȴû˸˵ʲôһ˫˫۾ǴηɫͬʥӰ
һۿɼʥ˿ռ䣬ϢĴ֮ѣѺӣֱȥ
ʱŭ죬Ѿ˲ôˣȻڹųɱˣǣѹһҲûģ
ϾǱʥδʥʥӦҲӣȻʥ֮ѷ죡
ʥͬɽԶ˶ǹȥվȣؿֳͼȫʥѹͼŷӨ⣬ޱȣȻ˫棬ǳһԵֻأԶžƥɱ⣬ѩסֱܻܿӶ֡
ǣ
ΡȻ壬һһɱһеĵ绡˳ڣʥ죬ͬ籩ϮǱǱĵ绡˺ƬޣǺƥʥȻ½Ҳû
ţȻԣ
Ⱥ֮˷ʱǽһƬһ˫˫ڶǳ𾪵ɫ
ԣǴ˵еԣΪϡУҲһˣңΪԵԣһͱԸɱԣӵԣܻ˸֮١
Ҳ˵ԣ֮ܡʥܣãңԵԣ塢ʥϣҲϴ
û˿Ժԣ
ҲȷӵԵʸ˵Ǿ仰
ԣʹľȻ֮󣬱ʥҲ¶㵵ɫŮϣܵв
ʥصЩӵܣҲĿɿڴĿǼһ㡣
ԵˣѾʥȼˣ
һʥѣ
â˸˸űϢл
ⱱʥӵȷʥ壬ǴһĹŴʥ²ŵõʥܣȷʵ˵ȷҪʥҪ˿
㣡
ʥӱҶ̴ʱٴδŭ˫ĿһƬͨʥԶѹһУµĴؾȥʥƴ󣬲ϵڳͬХһ㳯ХȥҪ֮˺һ㡣
ѵǲˣ
ϰݣҲŭˣСһ˦һУֳⳤнǣһ𣬡ױޣ
䣬һֱ۰׳ǴӽƶҡקųϢűʥؿϮȥ
õ
ʥӴȣһ֣ƥʥӿĳһƣһʥ۶ɵİƱ˳ȥռ𶯣¡죬Ҫֱ
˫۾ע£ɫͨİƽӽײһ𡭡
ˣ
һֻ̽˳ֱסƣ΢һգ߾ڣɢΪޡ

˴֮ʱһƴĵЦ˹һ֮䣬һŰɫɫƵ߱Ƭ֮ϡ
ϢԵޱȵͣûеɱϢһһ㡣
ĳ֣˶֪ⳡսˡ
ܵˣǴܣ
ʥصôӦǹ˵ˡ
۾΢΢𣬲֪ǲΪǰӰħʥŮĹϵжƵߣȱøУãڹ
֮УȴұΪһʱڶµıʥأӶ֮ԼУҸӮڶģνһá
˵ʱʥ֮£˵ȷҲûʲôԵ£෴ģƾ٣źΪ
λܷұʥصϣʹ˽ҹ
ߴźͰ׵ЦݣЦӯӯ˵ţ˿ûΪڹųڶֶŭ
ߣ
˽һߣʥɨ˷Ƶһ֮󣬱ͷҲصֱӷɳųǣĳжȥһڱʥصӵȻҲȫϡ
ҲɫֱָڣϻʲôһʥصʥӾȻӲһ侧Ƕˡ
⻰Χ˶һ飬ʥӻڳĻҪ֡
ôһӵԵˣʥҲΣԲ糷ߣȻ϶ᱻѪ
ڷҵǸ׳ʮһ侧֮һ˲뿪Ա㳡ſջȥ
Ǻǣ
ϣһֱźЦݵٴЦһһʧ١


617 ľ
ΪѾõĴԣˣȻֹǱʥһ˶ѣ֮ڣ˵ʥƼÿʥӶǼΪ඼ǵõ˲Уҫˣһĺ䶯
һڣ͹󴦸ûͣϢ
һ˸ȥЩصСԺ֮Ĵߴ£óǸ档
һۿȥѾ࣬һƤҲѾѿûκεԣǣͫע£ȴǿһ΢ɼĹƣȻȴʵĴڡ
㲻˵̲һؽľɣ
´һȴҲûзκεЩɵĶŷʵ
㿪
ȻЦ⣬ҲǴģҲܰٷְٵȷȻСʱѹǾӦû
ã
ԵЩȸԾеСһţ˫ǿ˫֮϶һ㵭Өԣĵ绡˸ͬһһ㣬һƤ䡣
ৣ
ƿصʮ־ȷƺǻٻ챦ϸģԣٶҲǺ
һ˫۾ھԹС򣬷ǳ˳飬͵ûĿһֱǿ棬ʱѩֻأҲǰһԣȴŽ
ǽľǾͷˣټֵǧ侧
ৣ
񻺻СԵЩţҲһЩһ˫۾Ķеĸ
ģһɵĹϱǴ¶˳⣬õͷһ
ˣ
ǽؽľ
ѾӴηƣڽľĲǱȽ˽⣬ʱѾ󶨡
Σȷ׬ˣ
Զ۵ҲΪ̳˽ľԲűûиࡣ
Ȼ
ǽľ
дӿĸðһͷǣԶ磬ӨӨ˸˸ͬ񳹵С磬羪һ˫ˮھһƬϲ
ⲻͨĽľ
ѩϴ͵Ц⣬ɻĿ£صĿǻ˵֪ˡ
ŶҲǡ
عСĵĽľΧĿľ룬ʱһɢâСǳǰ
״ţҶޣʵ裬ľɒҶϾǽľʲô
ţһõĽľ磡
羪һ˫۾ɵԲ۵СųɡO֮Ҳ˺£
ǰѾһؽľˣΪɫĸ
ʲôܹɳ
ţһС֦Ѿֵǧ侧꽨ľɳ
޼۵Ŀ
Ҳɵĵһ
ǸǸ̼֪ײǽƾͲˣ
޼֮һֻҲ΢ݣӲ΢΢˳顣
Ȼֻһ磬ǣļֵȴ޷ģѾԶ챦
˸Ե
ѩпһɨһһԴЦ꣬иɻˡ
֮ڵˣ֮٣ҲΪ粻֮ڣΪ棬˲ǳΪ˹ۣҡ
ǣԶԶû뵽ǴȥһСϵĹˣȻҲһ֮ڵˡ
ʲôʱȻôˣЩ˻㼯һʱֻᷢʲô
˭Ҳ޷ԤϣҲ޷׽
ʱϵСҲֺվϵʮֳƨֻǣ˷֪ȴԵЩ
ΣֻܳԼǰצһԼĹ͡
ֻǣ⽨ľֲ֮ϣȻҲ޷ɳһᱻ
˼˹ѩǿڽ͵

һ
ʥҽʥ֮ڣһСô
ֻǣȴǲ֪ľҪôġ
ҼҵǴвУ
Դʵһ˫ھ˷ܡ
ףǻ𣬽ľ޷档
ѩҡҡͷ
˵ĶԻõķһ
ϵ⻰ƺռ֮ڣһԵ
ռҾȻ˵Ĳ򵥡
𶯣һĨȻ
ľҪģ
    ѩ͵һ۷ؿڴĻ£˵ʵֲʥҽʥصǷ֮ϣʺϲˣ֮һҩĵط
Ŷ
⻰۾һ
˷ƣ켶ҩʦȥʥҽʥӦòɣ
ʵ
Ȼ
Ƶ˵ͷһÿĻȡ
Ȼܲģ绹ǽľ˷ƣϾˣֻзһʸĽʥҽʥأҲȴӦƽȵԼ
ŷǣÿһݣʥҽʥҲռһݡС磬ûɳѾϷˡ


618 Х
ڴϣȽһĬĬطһ飬Ʋ۾
һǿУ
ƿЦ
ⱱʥӵ˻ĹŴʥУӵʥܣ죬ڵ֮⡭
սĹ鲻ôˡ
֮ɫ
ΣаʥҲһġ
ⱱʥӣȻһԾ͵ʥӣҲԵĵڵʥأ
һ뵽սĹԣƲ΢΢ģȻûҪȥˣȥҲѡ
һлԴʵ
ںԡ
ͷЩɽߵ촽һƬȡ
𾳽׵ĿܣʱȻѾںԵ쾧ǣаʥӵ̫ܣʥӵʥһȣ̫Զˡ
ܹںһöԵ쾧
ţڵԲʥܣ
֪ܱܲȵĹܡ
޼ʣУһĨڴ
ָоֻеԼƿʱʱԼվ۷壡
ţ
ֻҪƿ䣬̸ף
֮žޣȴΪź޶գ
ԼƿأôҲǵ·
ܹƿ䣬ô𾳽˵һƬͨ
ȻֻѣҪģһ쾧
硣
쾧⣬ֻˣҲţռҿ϶Ե쾧
ڴ׼һöιΪãռӦòܾܾ
Ͼιǲɵõʥ
ͨһ֮󣬷֣óС
ⶫ̫ˣмԲ̣ƺһĪͼķ򵥵·ȥȴɬѶһԣһƬĴƣۼϸ壬õ֣һ־ҪһӾ
ϧȴѾȫޣ޹⣬ͬܡ
óСҲڳ˳һ˫۾Ө˸ֱֵ
ʲô
ͫ𣬷ƷȥĿ˼飬ȴûз˿ߣСģԻΪһαƷ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ
ûаϵϢô𣬹ޣûаֲڸУЩαƷȷǵûʲô
Ǹ׳ԼҲôΪģԣڱѩ㴩֮޷
̫죬סˡ
ѽѽ
Сǰһָֻţ֮󣬷΢һЩɻʵ˵Ѫ
ѽѽ
Сǿ϶ĵͷ

Ƽ˵ѵģ֣ƽ˳ָһѪ۳֣Ѫγֵϣ䣬Ѫֱ˽ȥ
䣬鷢ˡ
ѪĵطȻ¶һĨ貵ĹӨâ˸˸дġ
ʲô
ϸĴһС֮ҲƲĿ⡣
⾭Ѫʴĵطͬ䣬ˣΧȣֱصĲ
ѽѽ
һԵСлƺڴߴ
ѵҪѪϴӲУ
˼һ֮󣬷ٴóƽָϺݺһʱѪ˳ڷƵľȷ£ЩѪȾÿһ䡭
Ѫ˽ȥ
ˣ
һǣԭܵھƵѪϴ֮󣬶ʱǴģâҫۣԼ
мԲһ·Өһ˳ϲûɢֱԲ̱ϻƵ֮ڡ
໣
һХ죬Ǹһ㣬׳ХƺйЩʲôĪ̡
СųǶŵĵ˶Ǳȫǿ֮
һЩ֮ڣâ˸˸۾ȫ档
ͨ鱦
ⲻǱУţԼؼˣ
ʱڷϷѩ࣬Ҳһ㶣㶼ǿƵס
ǸĽܹжϳ

ѩһ֮һĨ𺳣ָһ˫֮ٴθֳǳӨ˸˸ݳĪ̡
ӡ
ſھһƬ¡
ʲôӡ
һԵȻҲû֣ɻʵ
ߣȥ
ʱѩƽ״γĸ߳š


619 ӡ
໣
һ죬ХģһƬ˽ȫǿƵ˵Ժӣʱ򣬱ǿһ£գһ˫˸磬ɱӣͬһιЩ˵ļ䣬ֱӱõǵĽŲͣ
ڣ֮õǵһƬȡ
ͨ鱦
ܹ֪ľǱǣȴҲ˻ǲԵԶ챦¼Ȼ⼸ǲܵ飬ΪԶ챦һ㶼ǲȱġ
ʱǱų֮ڣԣЩ˱Ҳѹеļ¶ûб
һͨ鱦Ȼ󣬵ǣȴֵڹųðն֣ңǰԾͲǼҲһ
Ϊһͨ鱦Ҳʲôȷľ
λСֵܣܷǼʶһǺֱ
вĵ˸ߺʱǴһЩ֮ȴǻֻصһۡ
ǵôһ
ĮһУǣɱȻ˫֮ͫڣǿʬɽѪ
һˣ
һЩϱԶҲûһ˫˫ͫͨһƬƺܹһУǵĿȫǼڷƵǸ䡣
ǣ֮һƬõǲòջĿ⣬֮ڶһĨ¡
ˣֻǣƺĲȴƺΪ΢

飡
Լ˽ģѩ֮󣬱ǱǰһĻˣҲ˹رա
ǰԲ̣һƬ貣ҫˣһ·Ө⣬ŴϣһͨĴԲΧԶ׳Х죬Ĵſڣ˶ɣƺһУһҲʧء
ӡԾǴ˵еӡ
ѩһ˫֮˸ǹ⣬Щľ
ʧ̬ˣ
Ϊʦܹδ֪ȥѾûжܹĺˣǵΪӡԲ̵ʱʧˣ
ɼԲ̵ĳ֮⡣
һУǷ֮ڵ˴ġ
Ͻ
عѩŷ˵һֶֻص˵ֻأסκҪӽˣ
š
ֻƲһǸԲ̣Ǵ˳ȥû˿ˮ

һŵԲ̱֮ϣӨӨ˸˸Ŵϡ
Բ̱֮ԲѪĸоƺԲֽ̾һ㣬涯
ͬʱҲоԲ̵Ŀ˷ܡ
ŵʵ̫ˣҪй
ӣ˵ӡ
عͷһԵѩʵ
û
ѩ˿һأĵ˵ͷ
ӡ
һ㶣ǿеԲ̣ƺ˷ƵĺԲϵ·˸ɢ
Ȼ
ܹоԲ̷Ϣһ١
ӡʲôΪҴû˵
ϸ˼һȴǷ֣ԼԺиû֣ǣٴοʵ
ռңԶһʥϵıż֮ڶмأǣȴǳһûڼ֮ڵģβ

ѩüͷ壬ҡҡͷ˵
ֻٴοƵĿȴǱˣͫһĨ𺳡
ⷭӡشǴпܻ²ҪĶҡ
˵
㵵ĿԼۣףΪҲ˵أ
š
ѩصĵ˵ͷֻҪ֪ӡֻƿؾˣңҲҪἰ֣ȻܻΪ¡
ԭ绹ȥȴǼޱȵɫߵĻָ˻ȥ
һ챦ûκϣ˭ۺ죿
˵ô
΢΢һƺҲ֪ˣӡҲĳЩȻСҲרŽˡ
ѩ֪࣬ӡӶƶϳԼݡ
ڣԼҲӡ׾ʲôҲ֪
Ҳĸơ
ӡѾ޾£ܾʧԭ㣬ʱǷ׶Ρ
ڷɻĿ£ѩ͵֮ڣһƬǳ

һ㶣΢΢˳顣
һĴԭΪӦʥĴڣ̫еԽܡ
ԭֻǷѡ
һԵƲƲ졣
䷲ܻᱻ


620 ʲô
ܾʧԭ㣿
ѩǸĪЦݣһͫ΢΢չ
û
ѩ΢Цŵ˵ͷĿо͵ɫ
ʲô˼
һԵ΢΢һ㶣ɵʵ
ӡɽӣһӡ֮ǿݡ
˵䣬ѩļԶƺǰһֺĳ֡
һѣжܣ
粻мƲƲ죬ֹ
໣
ƺܵһ㣬ӡ֮ϵ·ٴһ𣬳糤Хɢǵ̣ʱһЩס

ɫһ䣬ֻһգԲ֮ڣͬʱҩԣͶڣúߺܿͻָ˹
ӡɲǷŶ
ѩصһЦȡ죬ܹؼκƵɵԽ࣬Խӵǿ󡣡
˼ӡǿҳɳģ
Բ۾Щ㵵ʵ
û
ѩ˵ͷ
ôܣʥҲҳɳӡѵǵ۱ɣ
Щŵĺһ˫۾ھǾȻ
ˣ
ӡ΢΢ζƺܵ𾪡
ǵ۱
ҡҡͷ
ھһ۱Ĵڣԣֱܹĳģӡ֮ڣû߱񽣵ǹɵϣ
ۣڳУؼļ£
û
ѩЦ˵ͷӡȷǼµ۱Ϊǡ
˵⣬ͻȻͣһڴ磬õĺΪй
ԺǾͻ֪ʲôˣ֮
Ӳѩ໹û˵ӡʲô
ȴ֪ˣⶫֻӵзܣȴܹؼκεӶǿԼҲһ죬ӡܹﵽ۱ĳ̶Ȱɡ
Ժ飬˭֪أ
ѩ֪ǣû˵
㣬ʲôأ
Ůߺ󣬷ǽӡ˳
һ·Ѷƺܼ򵥵ȥʱȴǷֺͷƺԲÿһ·Ķ
ʲô
תһԵСʵװſڴϱ۾˯ƺҲӱ⡣
Ҳһ죬˼µʱһ֪㾿ʲôˡ
΢΢̾˿ƽӡڡ
Ԫ֮ڣ߱񽣰Ĵģ΢΢ζһһǴżµϣΨҶ
ʱһԲ˽ֱһƵĵϣĴֻӵзܵжΪԵ뽫߱񽣼ĵͼ
ˣ
ܵƣ߱ȻͲˣһȦһȦĻζµϣ˷ҪԼĵ̡
໣
ʱһӡƶ߱񽣳Хһϣϯȥʱ߱񽣱һֱóġ
ôܣ
ĿɿڴĿһеķֱЩԼ۾
ڣӡ߱ԭȵǸλã߱ΧϵĻת
Ҳ֪ΪΣ߱񽣣ƺЩηǷܵӡȻóԼĵ̡
ǵ۱ȴʤ۱
һ
ѩʦܿ϶˵ˣӡǵ۱ȴ֮ܣܹѹɽӣкܶ£˵ķǳģ
ֻǣҲ뵽ھȻ̲һµ۱
ңӵԵ磬ƺҲû˵ӡ͸һظС
Ҳֻ⣬Ҳܹڵ۱֮ϡ
Ƴĺ˿˳񣬱ԶԪʼβ׵

֮ǿ쳣ʣǵ˸¸߹ң¹£õҹɫ
֮ϣһŮǿա
ֻء
ѩ
ţ
ֻ΢΢ͷӲӣһ̷Żࡣ
㡭Ҫһô
ѩһƬãȻʵ
ҲףԼΪλᰮҪɱԼӡ
ţ
ֻصĵͷ
Ҳעģһμ棬ǵһۣԭѾ䶳࣬Ȼ顯һĶĸо
˴ɱ񣬲Ů֪£֯µɱ־ɱֱĳһΣشųŮǰ
ľٶǱԼ֯ңݣҲûܹõŮϿɣԣһֱֻڰбŮ
ĸԸ
ǸƣΨһܹı˵ˡ
ѩͬϵĻһ㣬Զ


621 صռ
ڶ󣬷ƱǷִڵЩ죬ͺǽԼڡ
߳ȥˣѩϴһĨЦ⣬һԵֻ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ռңɱ߻ҪѲܹ㶨ռңԼܹùϵôԼҲͲˡ
ԼԵֻһһıһľ

ôˣ
߽ڣ¶һĨ˵ĵɫһʱ䣬һҰԣһֽᣬĽë´ᡣ
ڷת֮󣬼ǰʱɫЩͣҲƳ
ڷ裬Ľëˮ촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬
þûƳ绺̧ͷ̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾɫձƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֣һ˿ɬҲһЩȻеǿȴ񿴱ѩڻһ˲㶯ǡ
ķ˫ȵ˫ֵܿȥһȾһϼ˸䣬ˮ
ȿȡ
һƻعһĨɫɿ˼һԵϣ˵
š
ʱƽյĽģЩѩˣϸԵľࡣ
Ǹ
ͷʵ磬ʰɣ
ţ
һ㶣̧ͷЩɻĿ
֪ΪΣʱȴЩһĨʧ䣬ϵ糺죬Ҳĵȥ
ȿȣǸ쾧ô
ӲͷƤʵ
ûаôˣ
ҡҡͷЩȻʵ
û쾧
һ㶣Щ㵵ĿѿʵΪβ쾧أ
ҲҪ
ɻˡ
һѵΪôһĵ⣿
Ҫ
΢΢һҲЩˣŮҲҲӵзͬһʣҪ쾧ᴿɵĿ£ٴʵôûд쾧أ
ȻûУҴǸ
Щˣǲһ﾿Ҫ

εͷӲͷƤٴ˵ģҪһ쾧֪ܹܲ
ʲô
Щ㵵Ŀ۾ɵԲ
ȻģҾҪģö
ƻû˵꣬ҡͷ
ⲻǻ⣬ǣǼʣ쾧ܿصĺϸǲõġ
һĽ͵еĻȻĳȥ
Լ壬ܻԼô
ܵ£
õ
ԣһüͷ
ƺҲ˵Լûں쾧ѵƾķҲŪһ쾧ô
ϣǿһ֮
һʱ䣬ռңڷб
һƿԵļ壬ÿһʱܱʥ壬壬룬ôܷռҸǻжôǿ
Ҳûԣռң϶һݹڣ
û
˵ͷЩӵĿ˷һۡ
ô
ƶʱЩйԭΪֵ飬ȴǳһ··
ʥ໻Ҳô
ʵ
ʥ
һҡҡͷЩɻʵҪ쾧ֲʡ
׵֪ʣ
ұҪںԣ
ƿЦ˵
ΪܾԣףҪƿڵ䣬ͱں˴ԣľˮ硢ף԰˴Դ
϶壬жҩһ
ˣ
羪ޱȴ㵵Ŀʣԣֻ·һ
ĻȻֹһ˫۾ٴεԲǲ˼Ŀŷֻơ
ֻһۣϳˣڷָͷƵǽˮԡ
꣡
΢΢һգͬԪע£ںϵһ𣬳Ϊһưɫ
类𾪵˵
ôҵʱȽ⡭
ָϣɫԪͬһԶһɢ٣ϴһĨЦ˵
ԭ
ع˿˷һۣһתԿ͵һٺ١
ģ
ƾϲĿЩϲ⡣
Ȼ
˵ͷһĨ˷ܣƺѾôͼϹŶǶèèˡ


622 
ԨڱֺĵشһƬ綾֮أڱ뱱ء
ڣأݺᣬǿߣððȻȥҲڣܣЩΣҲǴͷʹ
ԣҪԨĺĵشеؼҩʦ죬Ȼ޷
ҲΪսĹֵĵصԨԣȺҲǾһΧˣϾؼҩʦɲһܹģңټεԣһؼҩʦԸðա
ǵǸ߹ģܹǵĴۣҲһܹӵеġ
ʱһӽˣҲѾҲǳӿȥһ޼ʵԨ֮⣬ҲѾһƬɽ˺ʱģðճԨ֮ڣ棬޺죬ҽе𣬸˻Ѫ˳Ҳǻ࣬о綾˳ûҩʦΣʱҲᶾ
Ҿ磬һֱݣÿ죬޼ʵԨ֮ڣҲǧУȴһֱﲻ
սʥĴУȷ޷ܣңʦλ˼̳սʥĴУ
ѾĻˣңÿ˶ΪǸ̳߻Լ
ܹõսʥĴУǾʹӵһս
ԣֹǸʥأһЩĹҵľӢӵҲǷ׷׳
һʱ䣬ڷӿ

︴գմӵƽ߻ʱ򣬱µһˡ
ڣѩ໹ֻضΨƻû֡
Ǽһô˯ϰߣ˵˽Ҫȥôôû
粻ʱţ
ˣ˼øλõˡ
²ãһҩʦ۵ķƱ˽ϴһĨ޷ѹֵϲ⣬ϸĻ˫ڵ֮ڣϹ
һ£ڼӿʮ£ͻƵ켶ˣҲ˵ʱķƣѾһλʵ켶ʯʦˣ
ټ켶ҩʦݣһӣͲʲôǳˣ᰷ңҲһֱǿʢȥ
ţȻǱһ˽ԼĶʰ֮󣬱̤ǰֵ·̡

һڵڡ
鰲ŵôˣ
һº͵֮쳹
Ѿźˡ
һ漴
Ŷܹ¶أ
º͵µʵ
߳ɣ
߳ɣ
º͵΢΢ǹؼô
ˣ
дЩ̻̣ƺܾºˡ
ܺã֮ЩûµıҪˣô
º͵ƺǳ⣬ٴν
ף
ţ°ɣǵùעĶ̬Ҫǻɵͷ
ǣ
ŴһЩϸ΢죬ű򿪣׳Ĺ˽һŴźЦݵ¶һ˲䣬֮ڻָһƬڡ

֣һƬдУ࣬գֱֱмʮ֮ߣԶԶĿȥһƬľֻǣ˽ܹһںڵţֻǿһۣëȻĴ޷֮ڣʱӲµ棬ֱӸͷʣ¡
ԣ˸֮ʱǸ߸ߵķԶЩں
꣡
ƿϣ⻪죬Ƭ֮ϵԽԽ࣬ѹѹһƬͬƲһ㣬סա
Ԩˣ
ңңָһ˵
Ŷ
ӦһһĨȡ
ʱѾǸ·ˣֵıԵǲûмŽ֣ڱԵ
ͬԴŻ賿ĵҡ
ѩһ˫ͬ嫺ǳָͨͬ
ʦڣҲûҪȥԨԵǸ𣬴ӽָóħտ
ƣ㿾ˮ׼н
ҧ˼ϵĿĽɫĿ⣬һС壬ŷƱǱĴָ
Ǻǣٿ
Цһ֪ΪΣŮ飬к㡣
ȷܲ
һԵѩҲ
벻꣬Ȼͨա
ԽԽ͸ˡ
ٺ٣
ΨڨЦ
ҲǱƳģ
Ϊֻг⣬ŻڵܣʣԿĻԼ
һԵֻƲֵĿеĿ⣬ֱѩһۣŻָ
㰡
һ񷴫һʮҵӱЩѵĿſϵĿ⡣


623 ҵĴ
һʣȻϲһ㣬һͷڷԺ󣬺üĿд¶ֻվµرǱЩƣһɢ磬ΧӲݾή
˲򵥣
ͫâһһ
ΪսĹĹϵνӢƼģһǰӣȴƹൽʥʥӣҵľӢӵһࡣ
ֻɨһۣǼԼķܶѩǺľĽ˺һСһСĲŷŽУһӣһĨʣȴҲû˵
ֻأ
飡

˺һĿ⣬׸Ǹİӡ
ٺ٣лˡ
ӺЦһǿһ߳Իһ߽кãģƺǼûгԶһ㡣
ڳ֮۰Ͱ͵ĿŷƣҪȥһش￾⣬ˣĶӣĴ˸á
λֵܵĳշͬһ㰡ٿǱ¥Ʋ˻Ҫ㣡
Ĵָڿ
ǡ
ǵ°ͣƺڿһ㡣
ˣ
΢һЦҲǿĵ
ĳҲ֮ˡ

ٴĶӣζֵܵĿΪм£Ҿˣ
˵գ֮𣬳Ԩжȥ
ҽл׶
ԶԶĴ˹
л׶ѵǸлҵˣ
һ㶣ĿɨǸվ֮ǿһƬȻӦлҵˡ
лң
һͷˮеļ壬ǱضҲǼΪ򵥣
лҳһ壬Ӧþˣ
ЩɿɬۻĴ綼Щ㵵Ŀ˹ȥ
û˵ֻأ
ӦǺܾû˵ˣܴû˵
㾹Ȼ˵
۾Բ
ֻһۣûж˵ϵĿ⡣
ţƣûУ龹Ȼ˵ˣ
˫֣ŷƵ䣬µ

ճ䣬ǲźۼĳ˳飬˵ͷʾԼˡ
ӣ㿴ûУ
С磡
绹Ҫģѩȴûĺһ䣬ŷ֣ƵѾץһƬձǳŷڨڨһЦ
ô֪Ǹл׶лصǸ壿
תͷĸȤٴʵ
ȻҲлҶǱĽһֱȴû֪˭ǻ塣
ֱ
ֻĻһ䣬֮û˵
ת䣬ֻѩһ֪ô£ʱһƬۡ
塭
âӿٴοǸվ֮ȴǷ֣Ƭأֹǽڣȫޣʱһֻһֲ˵塭
ơ
۾ɨŷƣЩëʵǲǷ֮ˣ
⻰һʳѩֻضǿ
Էֳ츳˵ֻһСڳˣʵõЩԽܡ
ΪƱֵʵ̫ˡ
ҵȻǷҵˣ
ӣ˵ͷ
ǣ˵ĲǸң˵۳ǵǸң
ҡҡͷЩеĽ͵
۳Ƿҡ
ϵЦ⻺
۳ǵķңҲȥһˣΣȷһҪͻطңңշ糾˼Ҫܹڣ
ȥ˱ػܽһŻǾȥһ˵۳ǡ
гĺ˿䣬練ʵΪأ
ôǣ
Լ͸ˣǵ۳ǷҵѪôǰʵ
飬Ǽ£ǵķңǱʦ͸˾·֮䣬̫ˣ
Ǻǡ
䣬ûн͡
ڵ۳ǷƺҲܲù
˺һ鿾⣬߳Ա߻˵š
ţ
ͣ˿ʳɻĿ
ţҵĵ۱ڼǧǰһλӢӵʧЩ꣬Ҳûʲôž޵ԣλ϶ˡ
ƾ̳˼ǧ꣬ѾܲˣȥǾˡ
ԶʱڣҴۺεȵķɣѪȻôˣʵڿϧ
޾£ҲԽԽڷҲͿǼ֮ڿ֧ˡ
߳Աţóһ׵һĨ촽˵ҾҪ۳ˡ
Ϊʲô
ѿʵ
һõҲǱΪأû뵽ʧȥ˵۱ķңѾǵĳ˵ĵزȻѾٽϳ۳ǵĵزˣ


624 Ԩ
Ƶõһ㶣´۾Щɵɨһۣʵǵ۳ǵķңֲķңļʲô
ʱѩֻҲǴźɵ鿴

һ˹ڨڨһЦǷңҲʲôҲ˵أ
й
Ǻˡ
ߵĲ𣬿˵أȻҲ뽫ӵһ𣬵ǣǴε¼ȴ
ԼҵĽ֣ңԻʹ
ѩһ˫۾ٴαԶͬһǳ΢΢һ𣬻ָ¶һĨ˼ɫ
ֻأǡǡ׽Ĩɫı仯
磬۳ǷңȻе֮Ϊλᱻ۳أ
һЩϵЦ⣬Щصʵ
ʧȥ۱֮󣬻ּܼǧ꣬˵ҵ̺ۺ񣬼ʹʧȥ۱Ҳվ۷Ǵʱȴü϶Ŀ˵ҳŲꡭ
÷ƺΪ⣡
Ϊ˰˵Ǿפ۳ˣ۳ĴУʧȥ˵۱ıӻԣȻ
绹ǵֻǺѣǽԼ֪Ϣϸ˵˳
ˣ
֣Ƶüͷ
һʹ׾ֶΣʱ۷˾µı˵Ѿʥ֮ϵĴˡ
ʱôһ˵ƺ۳ǵķңҲȲˣܽᱻ伷۳ǣ
³ɺô
˵Ҳ֣˴˵걱ص£һֱദδ˭ڣȴôͻȻҪפ۳ǡԽԽף˾ڸʲôˡ
΢΢ҡҡͷš
ôһ˵ҲЩãâеŹ֡
ȥٺúò飬˾ʲôͷ

ꡭ
Ƶüͷɡ֣ЩһֱںСҡ
Ѿˣȥؿ
΢΢˿Ǿ
ǷߵģǷСŮģʵ̫ˡЩġ
˵ƣĲȥң
һתǶŷʵ
ȥ
һ۳ģ
ȻȻǷҵˣȻ۳Ķ֪
һ㶣ǿֱЦ
ѩҲǴסˡ
Է㣬ȻһǱŷ磬ֱӿ϶Ƿ֮ˡ
ڣƾȻ˵֪۳ǡ
ֻҲһĨ졣
֪ôǾǵ۳ĴĸҵÿһųǵУĴ򣡡
۾Ц˵
У
ԣһһĴ򣿡
ǰͻأһϵӰ
ǸѦоµˣ
ʱϣȷѪоֻǣȴȷѣڣ˵ףǸˣпܾǵ۳Ƿ֮ˣ
û뵽ԼûڣѾ۳Ƿ֮˾һˡ
ѪŨˮ
ȻҪֱȥ۳ǣǾֻеˣʸֱӴ˽۳ǣ
˵ͷٴν͵
Ŷ
ԣһĨ⡣
ųļҵǲ̫ǣаųǣȴǿȷǷɣ
ôҪȥ۳ǣͱٻаųǣ
㲻ȥ۳ǰɣ
ɵĿʵ
ǺǣҲȥһˣ
ƹɵ΢һЦ֮˵ʲôûȥԣĿ񣬵ȴͬԵ
ȥ˱֮󣬾ͻаųǣ
ưԾ
𻺻Ϩ𣬵ǣҹȴעĲƽ
꣡
ϣ⻪죬ͬһǻһ̶ƿ
ʱͽͬԡ
ѩͻȻ۾һƬĻָ֣³
ˣ
Ҳվ
Ҫʼˣ
絽ԵЩԾԡ
꣡
죬ʣжȥ
۵ģһƬѹѹ˺ȫ֮ϣƲһ㣬ա
ôˣ
üͷ壬ǰҲˣ
ģվˣһЩܽԨˣ
Ц˵˷ܣȻͿˣ
ţ
΢΢һЦҲ˹
ҩʦģڻѾȫ뵽Ԩ֮ˣվɵȡ


625 භ
޼ʵԨͬһ޴ѷ죬һڣһ˶ɵϢУϢǿֲ
ǽ뱱صԨ
ںڵĶƣͬỤܱ̃ߵĲľһƬ߾

໺𣡡
أ
ҽ޺Ƭ޼ʵԨд˳ޱȵĽкõһëȻ
֮ϣɫϣǿҲĿ⾼ƺҪԨڵޡ
ৣ
һǿͲסˣԪͬ嫺һӿֱӳ˶صԨڡ
𣡡
飡
ͣ
һӰǱӴܳɫڣǻһĨѪϸһǸǿߡ
ûκεԥֱӱǳžͽĳжȥ
Ǻǣ
ȳ棬΢Цҡҡͷ
ⶾκܲһ㣬ʴԪԣǿȥܶõʵҲʮһޣӳѾˡ
ûҩʦܽڣҲŲֽš
жϡ
ЩŵؼҩʦĶ飬ȻҲһ鷳ǣֻһλ򣬻Ͳʲô⡣
ȻһЩʣӵܻʥܵˣҲ޷ʴǵӰҲ󣬵˶ڵʱ򣬶һЩ䶯
ǣҲʥӼģҲ˵ܻһδʥˣעǲƽģ
Ϊǿܹʥˣ
ƵҪԨʱͻأģΧ¾Ȼڼٵ½ϣֱӽǹ˱˪֮ڵںڶΣƺҲûһ㣬Ȼб䵭ļ
飡
һЩΪ̫ˣеԪҲΪ֮࣬ͣȻ޷ֱ֣Ӿǵյ֮ڣҺôʱĶҲܵѹƣȻʬ޴棬ҲǱ
õĳϵ˶ɫޱ䣬еĿⶼǳһȥ
һź˸˸ͬ¹⣬ԭЩ谵ɫյһƬͨɭ֮ƣ˿ռ䣬磬ΧռеˮΪѩƮµأ
ź֮УһӴڣݿʣӢ׳˶һƬӨƺҲѽƮƮһͷɫĳԺͬһ˪սߵģľǺ
һ˲õԨ
Ӷˣֱӱǳ޼ʵԨ֮ڣٶ˿ƺûⶾɱһеĶηС
ż󣬱һƬš
ȻõҲΪ֮޲ߵľ綾ޣһ˲֮ڣѾǸ׵Ľ
һ塭
̾һ
̫ˣսĹ֮ڣܹѹ۷壬ǣЩ׿Խǣƾܡʥܣһκεǣ
飡
˻ûе𺳳һǴڵԨ֮ڴ˳ţԨ֮ŨŨĶΣͬһӿһһһЩ̫ˣֱӱɣĲҽвϵĴ
Ŷεӿ˳Ҳǿٵȥ
飡飡
Ԩ֮ڣ첻ϣƺ˾ȻԨ֮ڴ򶷣
Ϊ֮Ȼ
Ԩǿһأ˽ֻ·һ˵ˡ
ľ죬Ҳһܹɵġ
ѵλʥڴ򶷣
˲ôţҲûżȥΪ֪ʱԨ϶ҲǻһƬ
ĳӿԨϯ˷֮ΧĲľǱʴһƬǽ塣
飡
ԽԽң˿ռ䣬ȥΧҲǲϵȥ֪ͿҪˣ
ৣৣ
ʱѾԨ֮ڵҲǲϵ˳࣬ЩǱɫЩڣһԵҩʦ£Ǻܿͻָ˹
أ
һ죬ƿӰڳ˳ȭԣ쭷磬Ǵһȭһ֮бŷ
Ӱһɭףޱߵĺ䣬ͬ϶һͨ죬˹紦¯Ƚ棬õЩܲˡ
˶ˡ
ϸһǵɭ׵ӰǷŽڵ˪ս񣬶һˡ
ףô
ͫһػ棬ƿһЩϤӡ
ҹԼʳΪл׶ӣֻ˵ӦþлѩصĻ壡
ڣǱ˪ȴĸ൱£ɼǲ֪ӣҲǼΪֲĴڡ


626 춯
ȵ磬ϯ˷ҲȾɫռζ׹Ϣ룬õϢ֮С
˴սսԶһ·ϣ·ĴֶһƬǽ壬رѷͬһӣľ飬ľм
ৣৣ
޼ʵԨ֮ڣʱľгимλʥӣǸ⻪ҫˣͬԣһƬá
УʥӾڣ
ʥƣ⻷أͬһʥ٣ƥΧǼʥӹҲȥ
ĹŴʥУȷǷͬСɣǰʥҲǲȴǱлɼĹŴʥеĲ
дţʹδ¶κεƣҲûжùʵԣû֪׻õʲôؼ
ƷȻҲ˷ơ
ɨˣڱʥӽĿϵʱȴߺݺݵĵ˻ȥʱһɫ˼֣ƺҲ˺˪
ȴסӣûٴǰƣΪӵԣʥܣ
ڣȴʱΪսĹͽҪˣҪ
¡¡
ԶĴ򶷣ѣľϯһƬĩվ󣬾۷˱ȥҲһ°
飬һУ壬Ӧ֤˻壬Ͷ㣬Կɷپ
Īӣһȴ˿ӵлл׶˼ƾУʵҲǿµ
֮Ĵ򶷣õȫΪ֮ݣʥҲһأɫǺܺÿ
ߣʱ֮ûбʤİգη֮ģ
˳սĹ֮ڣ˭ܹأ
뵽㣬λʥҲǱɫɫЩ̻̲ǻ˶ϡ
ʥӵĻĹʥܣ޷棡
𺳣ڿ֮ƺһһ֮ڡ
ˣƣ˭Ź
ӦҲҰɣ
Ŀ⿴硣
ˡòҵ˰ɣ
ڴɻ૳
ҴδйʲôôȴðһԺأ
ǽĿ⿴ֻصʱֻҲҡҡͷʾûⷽϢҲ֪ߵ
ڵǱԡ
ѩڵǳĵȥָ֮һص˵һʣϹڤ塣
Ȼڤ壿
۾Բѿ˵Ǵ˵ܹĻȪܵڤ壿
ûǾܣ
ѩصĵ˵ͷһ۷ƣ΢΢˶ȴû˵ʲô
ѹ֡
ҲЩأƺʵĳҲ֮⣬һ˫âµʺƿأܹõľܣɣȻ
ɣ
һϹڤ塯ֵʱ򣬲֪ΪΣڵоȻЩܾе˼£Ž궯ѹȥ
ɣɵܣܱȻ壬ɼڤĿ£Ҳѹ첻µزµҲˡ
սĹ֮УһսҪ򣬾ǰˣǾͲʡ͵ĵƣ۵ѾܴﵽĵزҲû˾Եİգ
֮аʥϣˡ
Ҳǹ¾սǻôЯܵһȥ֮ͬмܿģңϴεĶԻУ˽⵽磬Բͨʣ
ңһֻڣţŵļһһɱǴԱ㳡ľɱ÷ţʱѩûסԻὫʥնɱ
һֱ
뵽㣬ƳصǱ࣬ɻ󣬷Ϊλ궯أ
¡
һδײӰǱըĢе˳վңңҵ쭷磬Ҳ޷ǵΡ
Ѷ
Ǳ˪ӵĿڣĮ̹һ˫۾纭֮࣬ӡ
ٺ٣
ͬһлĶһЦǹһĨĻȣᶨĻ룡
Ǿ
˪ЩŭһٴЯݺݵĳлĶ˹ȥһʱ䣬Ǻսһ飬ֱҡض񷾪ɫ

̶̵һ仰õǾɢȴǺ棬ʲôֵôʥӵ˲һеĴսأ


627 
ž֮˵ĴսԽԽĿ⣬ԭԨ֮µҲ˳ȫǹۿ˵Ĵս
ʱ򣬳ѾվʮһλʥӣмλҲ˳ǵ֮ڣҲ¶𺳵ɫ
˵Ĳ򵥣ֱѾڶʥѹ£Ⱦܹǵܼô
һʱƺҲ𣬸似ؼۻҡ
ƺȴûгɱﵣء
ǱȽ˽ԷҲǵһνս඼ԷʵΣ֪޷׵ĽԷѹ
ңҪǣƺڹ˼Щʲô
ʲôȻĶ
۾ڣƺܹһУãҡҡͷջ档
˵ΪҲ֮ӦҲ۷壬Ϊϻûӵеִϣ㣬ܹȷ
ǣϣȴõڳҲΪ֮ľ
ǲײĲˣ
˪ӶΣĮһ˫۾ȻıһƬɫǣ˵ꡣ
ʱıҲˣһƬɭ紦ĻȪΧĿռƺҲ챻ˡ
ѵǾܣ
ܵĳɭϴʧɫʱڵڸӦ֮󣬸궯ѣѾǵؼ۷ܾҲЩѹƲסͿ챬
ָо޵һ㣡
ôˣ
ܵƵ쳣תֱӾһ
ƴʱɫ԰ֽ죬ͷϻƶСĺ£Ҳ΢΢ţƺڼĪѹ
ѩƽƺһоԤ֮УһԵֻҲΪĿЩȻ
ûû¡
Щѵ˵ţ̶֣ȴƺȥȫһ㣬ĸˣֽ粻ЩĿ
ٺ٣ô
һƬ֮ڣлĶкЦɫȴѾɣ˫ĪӡĻȴǻİȥû͵ƣûбϢʱ˾ǷƮһС磬ʱܻϨȴǿĴš
⿴ƺ۵Ļ磬ʵȴǴ˻壬Ϩ

ռ䣬ڱ˪ӵĿ»۳һͷ׶ޣǵеħһ㣬ɫ˪һһƬɭʮֵĺˣ˲ֱӡ
ʱͻ

һ̶Ĳͻأ쳹𣬽ţ˱ǼһĻ
˽սϣһڵĿӱ¶һƬռ䡭
ڵĿ֮˽ɫһ䣬ߣҲǽϢһ˿ʣǻй¶ʲôһ㡣
λﲻǸĵط
嫳ڵѷڴ˳ţɾ޴׼ȷĽٵϡ
ļһ㣬㣬ҿܾսʥĴˣ
лĶƴţҪȴôҲһֱڻţĴ
û⼫µôᱻأ
һı˪ȴҪԵƽܶ࣬һ˫Ϻ˪Ŀ
Ҳùģ
лĶЩŭһҧӽָóһöɫһɨۣǿ˷ƵĴڣڱ˪ЩŭĿ£ֱӽöɫڣʱ˪ӲҪȴѾˣʵһȥķ򣬿һӣţ˱ѷ쵱УҲֱӻָԭ
ৣ
ɫϮ΢΢һ㶣Եֽ֮Уһɼµɭõһ֮϶һ˪
һĻ˵Уǣȴû֮⣬ǴЩЩֻɫŷơ
ղŵ飬˿͸Ϊ˱˪ӵ˼Ѱ챦Ϣ˹
ղŵĴսõ޷ر˶ó˼޷ֿ֮ģѾѰ֪ķΧ
ĳµĶ˭Ҫ
ǸʥصʥӣҲҽĪ챦ΪУȻʥҲὫͷ
Ȼǡ
۾һɣҪȴѩһѡ
ʲô
һ㶣۾ǽöɫս˽ָڣʲôҲûзһ㡣
ߣ֪ˣ
һĻߣиǰ˱ʥӣǹŵĳԡ


628 û
ʵеĵҲǷǳӵöɫӵʱڵУģǶĴԷһֿϢ
ǺǣöӶкô
ʱѩ͵ЦڷƶͷȥȴǿѩǹŵĨĪЦݣʱһ
ѵ
жʱһ󵨵뷨öǲ侧쾧һܹأ
ֿԼ
ţͷЩȣܹܲңܺ棬ӵĵ㲻ͬõΪ֮භ
ֻǣԳͲԣԣƱѹЩ¶
ৣৣ
޼ʵԨ֮£ηһӰӳһ˫˫۾⾼Яžɫɨܡ
ȻǱղŵĴ󶯾ģ
˺˿ռ䣬õûеõ뵽һڡ
ʥˣ
ֻʥ˲ܹ˺ѿռ䣡
ʱԭ谵ؼ䣬һȴǱͨһ㣡
ڶ˾죬ȫǿ񷣬ȴǷַǵ㣬ĻļʣûգٴϸһɨȫǱǿǰ׳ĹԣȻǴ޼ʵԨ֮±ŷģ
ʱԨڵĶξȻյͨڣһְ׳գ»ϡ
ৣ
һƿһҫ۵Ĺâµ֮ϣ԰׳㣬˾һհĴڡ
аʥӣ
̫壡
ڳϱ쳹ŵһƬһ˫˫ڶǳ˻η塣
аʥص壬εˣаʥӵ¼
ΪȻɱһΪ֯Ŀɱ֣һսõ׵½
һƺͻˣ
۷壡
̫ܴȻҪѰ˿
壬漣ʣаʥ̫壬ܹȡվΪãܾܹʥ忹⣡
ԣһ֣ʱõȫʥ޹⣬ʥʥҲʧɫ٣֮棡
һ̫񣬴֮гϵ貹˲ֱӣ˸Ĥݵ
壬Ǿ
Ȼˣ
аʥӵĳ֣ɫһ䣬Щѿ
ȻܹоĵʱаʥӣѾǰϢӵİˣǳϢõķƵĺЩѡ
벻̫廹ֹЧ
аʥӣ
ʲôЧ
ѩͷɻʵ
ϵ̫㿴ⲻǺͰһô
۾гЦ˵õѩЩ̿ѣһԱЩŵķҲ࣬¶һĨ޵Ц⡣
еoȴֻ֮ѣõΧһЩ˶ǳͶԲĿ⡣
һɾѾ壡
ƺɨһȦûзʲô״֮аʥӱǽĿɨ˷ߣ֮Ǳǲźۼĳ˳飬ԭһƬ°ɫҲЩ䡣
ĿУԶĳ裬õԼ澡ʧԼ״δ˶⣬һĿ֮£
ȻΪ壬û˸ҽǼ⴫ɢǣ߰
ֻѪϴˢ裡

аʥһڹһƬϣľȼΪҽ
ڷǰʮ״ͣϹһĨĻȣЩϷʵĿ⿴ŷơ
ǽ㣬һһȻȫĿע⣬˱㶼ǽĿ˷ϡ
һҩʦ۵꣬ؿİ·Ļôۣһۣϳݡ
ؼнҩʦ
ٿаʥӵɫƺźĳޣ
ΣҲûܾȵ㣡
׳㣬󣬽ΧĿռҲЩŤĿдƺЩҧгݣ
Ŷô
ߣд󶨣һ䣬¶һĨϷʵЦ⣬ΣĻ㣬Ϊû˻飡
˻һȫһ˫˫۾ɵԲʥҲЩ㵵Ŀ
⻰ǲ̫аʥӷңƺаʥ³˲СĿ
аʥϵĨǺ죬ȴڸˣ꣬˵ӦģȻôŭ
˻
޲꾹Ȼþ̫Կǣ˷׷ױɨȴĿࡣ
꾹ȻһΪңʣ


629 ͬ
һƽˣôΪ̫аʥӳԿ
˶ЩɣаʥӲûзƺƽгԹһ㣬ңĻ˵Ϊаʥӹһ٣õ˺ǲ⡣
ѵ˵ƽʥ岻ɣ
ɻΪûʥܲϡ
ǣ
ֵаʥӣԶıʥǳĨĻȸӵԡ
ʱ˿ûȥĿܣöɫӵˣаʥӣǶһһľƽʲôȥ⣿
ˣ
뵰
аʥмŭޱȣ䳹ǵУܵŭһ˫۾°â貶Ŀͬһ㣬˲ֱӡ

׳̫ͨܣͬˮһаʥӵ˳һһΣΧľȼ֮ڵĶֱӱ𣬻Ϊޡ
ܹɱһе̫ܣͬˮŷƼӿ˹ǻŵ΢Ц꣬аʥǹһĨЦɣ
ˣ
жΪ֪ߵغĬһ
ȻǵؼҩʦǣĿһδʥҩʦҲ޷ȫˣ

һ˸ɫ绡ıͻأҡקˣͬһһ㣬ֱӭ˳˸˸˻ϢһͷԶޣһУǾ캧ֱӱ˺ֱָаʥӵţ
аʥҲЩͷƤ飬˫󶯳һĨĪӡǣһ׳Ĺָŷֱָ
أ
ߺݺݵײһӿ磬Ȼʹ˵
ţȻǴ˵еԣ
Ĵһ˫˫۾ȫǿǳһӨⳤŮ
θղãźϾزСϸԲȱֱ޳·裬ƮݳѣŮ٣׿Խϴ΢紵ںĳƮϵȹǲһ£ԳΣ
ף˽Ծ壬ǻܹݻһУ
˭
аʥһɫѿ֮дͱ˵Ϣ
Ϊ壬ؼΪʣʣʥ壬Ҳнܵģ

ЦĿд΢΢𣬡˵ЦҸҪ˭֮ѾͶˣ
˺Ļõаʥӵɫѿ˼֣Щˮһ˫۾֮ںâ˸
û뵽ΰ·ɱһҧǰʵŮһУʹɱﵣԲ֮ܽƽ
ԥˣڲǳʱʵ
㲻ǸˣֻŮ󣡡
аʥ䳰һ˫ڳ˲м
˵һηϻ
ɫ䣬ﵭĮâ
ٴ裬ŭڣʱȴҲ޿κΣ˵аʥӻ̫壬ͨ۷壬Ҳ޷⣬ϵĲʵ̫ˣ
ҲҪȴסһ䣬ЩϷʵĿ˵ļսĹ֮ڣеʱ档
˻õһͷˮҲȻǱѹͬһ磬ʵܹ̫ܣ
ȻҲ֪ڵ⣬ǣǰȣǻԶ
ǣаʥȴһ飬ûǣǰһһǰǿ޷ӣ
òҲòԪԣᱻѹƣһҪսĹ֮Ҫֹǳࡣ
ףȷǷͬһ㣬츳ڶ٣رַӡ
ûԼѹŴĳ棬ʱ΢΢˳飬䣡
ĵʱ򣬶һĨɫʣ¶һɫ
¼ͬʱ𡭡
ѩĿл˵ǳһ޼ʣԶ
ʱҲע⵽
¼ͬԣ
ʵ˵һУʱӰǳԨȥû뵽޼ʵԨС
ߣ
аʥɨ˷һۣͬչԨ
㣬սĹҪˣ
缱ٵĴߴš
ţ
ӦһһڵũҩζĴѣ鵤ϵҩԶȷĿ£ȫڣһͬ뵽޼ڵԨ


630 ս
Ϊߵʵ󣬳ϵ˼Ƿˣܶ˷ܲĴԨ֮ڣҽ쳹ϣһʱ䣬Ԩ֮һƬǺĵһ㣬ڼƵĶΣɭ
ֻǣȴֹ˺˵ĽŲϣ˲ϵĴԨ֮ڣܹٴӳģʮһҲʣ°ˣ
սʥĴУԣޱߵջûܹܣܹõֱӾ൱ڵõ˵۷֤ͨԣ֪ܶ˻ǲһеĳԨȥ

ޱ޼ڵԨ֮ڣʱӰܶҲڡ
ҩҩԣѾﵽ켶ˮ׼ضΣȻ޷вĵ;һЩϮҲǱһӽԣûʲôɿܵѣ˺ܿ䵽ʵء
ǰЩӰ˳źĵشȥ
֮һտĹ㳡ڷһǰ
㳡ǿһųǷΧС
Ԩĺĵش
տĹ㳡ϣѾվм֮࣬Ƿ־һԶһλҩʦڣҩƣΧεʴ
ڹ㳡ľͷһڣǳƽͬһ㣬ǰ֮£һȾ޴ͭųڷ֮ڡ
ͭϣͭ⣬߰ߵ㣬ȴɢһɹ϶ֲɣϣȹƵ֮ͭϣ֡
ս죡
֣ŷޱߵս⣬޼ʣͬһ۱ɱһ޾ѹȸУõһȻͷƤЩ顣
Ȼû뵽սĹ֮ڣǣֻվû˻ܷӳȫ򵥵֣˸оһױȵѹ֡
ս졭
âţɫ䣬ŵŵţ˺üһɫҲЩ԰ס
ֱ֣ͬӴԺõԲ
ÿµս⣡
Ϻˮ죬һƬȻ
սѣ
ϣƸܵһɴδйս⣬ƺ˵սʥԵ۾֮ʱĳ档
ۣؼļ£Ͷ㣬ܹһУҲȥ磬ʥˣҲ϶ѣ
ǣԴΡɽսʥΪʥˣȴս磬һսڶԴ۰εΪԼܹսʤһУԼ޵еģ죬Ҳһս
ս
ϣƺЩʲôƺʲôҲףȻ䣬˸ӵͦΣƸӵۣ⣬Ҳӵļᶨ
ս춼սξۣ
սŷƺһУ֮ǰһֱаʥ̫ܵη֮Ҳʧ
սΪβսԼԼ̸ʲôս죿
սûУ̸ʲôս̸ʲô̳սʥĴУǸʸô
սεڶԴָ
һ̣˵Ϣͱĺܲһ˻ͷڶɻ
ƺǰѾǰһ̵ǸˣǼᶨƵս⣬õֻҲΪ֮ľĿ
ôˣ
ɵɨƺҪϷʲôȴʲôҲûз֡
Ǻǣû¡
΢һЦɫɵȻս硣
ģƺѾˣΪսʥභ
С󣬷ҲûȥͭǰλãΪףսʥĴУȵȵõģȻҲӻĹʱˣ
ɨ㳡˷Ƶע⡣
аʥȻ˵̫壬ޣߵģһհĴڣ޷ӡ
֮ϣȻҲаʥ壡
һˣһͷɫĳѪһ㣬һ˫ҲǳһƬͬѪһ㣬һۣҲݣ޷԰Ρ
һվһΧʮףû˸ҽӽƺһħһ㣡
ѪΧռŵضΣӰ첻ңֲǣΧĶƺѪʴ
ÿµ
ͷһݣۡϵѪаϢһۣͻˣ񶼻ݡ
ѪħӰ
һƱһЩ֮һλʥӵĿУ֪ӵš
ѪħӰأһλʥӣ˵ѾΪ˼ʥصͨǣÿζԹķʽߣΣҲ֪Ǵĵ֪սĹϢǲų
У
Ʒ֣ıߵаʥӣڿʱĿⶼЩ̫Ȼ
ȻѪħҲǹ˼ɣ


631 Ĺ
һˡ
ô˵Ѿ֮ܳΪˣϳëҲ¶ԶűϢһͷԶһĴڣ
ⶾصԨģôվɶʴټıǿ׻ڵĶΡ
ƺζ˵ȫûио
ף֮˾ȻҲˡ
翴˵ʱ򣬿зĺ֮һĨ졣
壿
ƴɻ
š
˵ͷ͵޵һĽ׶ΣҲԻΪˣµĺǱ֮Ϊ壡
޵ĺ᣿
һ΢΢˳顣
ãһﻹ治ˣһͷޣ
ϢҲǿֲΪֻҲͣңƾƤǵʸԽ塣
ǰԣҪؼҩʦܵĶΣȻ޷֮ʴ֮Ϊξʿһ㣬ɼʸжôǿ᣿
ңϣҲӦһȵǴҲܴ𾳽ĳ̶ȣ
˻
΢΢˿һĨȻ
廹治˰Ȼ˵ǿᣬѾԼ൱ˡ
ҲµûĻӦǽһˣ
绺˵ţЩпĵһһȻʵʾˣе֮һ
һ壡
ǴһĨǳЦȴսŨŨƺӦ˷Ƶս⣬Ǹתͷ˷ƣ˫˱ϢһĨɻȻԷƵսΪ⣬ҲΪսĹԵʣֻɨ˷һۣ»عͷȥ
ϣİֻԶʱ޺ҽд
ʱҲԵķ˱仯
ɫתףΧڵĻɢ
䣬Ϣǡ
ͻأģʣһְ׳գôȻ˵ƽߣңԶʣ޾Ĺ䣬ͬʱʣһҲȫ¶˳
ͬԣ໥ӳգ˾ʮһΣ
ʱԨĴͭţƺǸӦʲôһ˫ͭ߰ߵĴžȻһۿɼӨ˸˸ϵ֣ͬ˹һ㣬ƺϵӡ
꣡
ֱ֮£뵽ڵԨ֮ڣ˽ԾЩĶ֪ʮһεսĹѾˣ
ԨԵȺʱǷˣһ۾ڷѪ˿ͬħһ㣬һеĳŶ֮ڳȥ
Ԩһڣ۶ǽ֮ɣһʱ䣬޼ʵԨڣһƬҺ
أ
һУֱӴͭϵ֮ϣʱűǱŷһ貶ĿĹâ׳һƬ޷ֱӡ
Ӧ֮󣬱ǿȽյͭţȻĴ򿪣һɹ϶ֲϢõȻС
ŲǴһСڣϵӰ㶼ǷӵĳŴȥ޺𲻶ϣҽ
𼱡
Щ궯ȴסɻĿ£͵սĹ֮ڣսʥؿôñͻƵģңÿιĹкܶЩؿ֮ڡ
ؿ
ɫһ㵣ʵʲôؿ
Ĺ֮ڣǧ򻯣û֪ҪʲôսΪӻĹʱڿʼÿʮһεĹؿһҴûظ
˵䣬ɫҲЩпۿĴʥеĳÿÿἰҪһԣŶģҪõս촫УüгĿ࿴
ңĹ֮ڵĹؿ֮ڣ챦Ҳǲ٣սʥղصһЩʥͨ鱦
Щ˷ܵ˵š
Ŷ
һҲһĨȡ
սʥǻĹʱڵһʥղܼô㲻ܵĴУܵһʥܸдһ˵ˡ
ߣ
ѾȥĲˣ˱ǳͭȥ
̤룬һɺƥʥǽƱǾڵԪתٶȱңҲȵĽ۷ĳ̶ȣһ˿һҲƫ
ƽ֮ĵһ飬ȭ
ȻǲᱻʥѹƵģ
ȵޱȵľϲ
ЩʥΨһ̣Ȼֻƾڵ쾧޷ʥܿ⣡


632 Ѱ
۵ģһƬĴ֣һߣڣӰܶڣսһ𣬳ǻңƺЩ޻ǴﵽһңԣЩ˽뵽֮󣬱Щ͵Ļצ³˴ʮѾڵ
ջĿ⣬ƱǿڳԶһʯдţѰ٣ٿƾ죡
Ӧþսʥµؿ
һ֮󣬱ǿ˵
ؿ
ҲЩȻ
Ѱ١
Ӧ˵ľǰƬޱ޼ʵĴˡ
ڿ޵̶ܼȣǲ˳顣
Ѱĵط
ʥ˵Ϊѹ۷壬ȴǷųһȺһĻ棡
ڿһܹĵô
ңҪǣ⻹ǵһأ
ԣĻ֮󣬷Ʊ֪սʥĴУԲþܻõģΪսʥɲƾŴ
ҪĲһõļ̳ߣ
һأҲǻһأƾΪޱܵĴ֮Ѱν١
һ㣬֪Ѷˣܹʣµģһ׿Խ֮ˣ
ڷƼҲǿԿаʥӣʥӵȵڶʥӣƥھ֮ȥ磬һЩϮǱһнĿභȣ¶ٷ֣һĿȻ
ԿڶԿ˵ʲôأ
ؿȻ֪ʲôӵģ־֪ǧѣ

ƺ˿һ˫֮ڱȼܵ棬ͬħ棬ɱġ
Ѿ켶Ȼ֮ǰֹͬǿĸԶƺܶصıʣһЩѰĴϣ֮ͫҲܿƶ
ף
ԼãƬֶ߷Χ֮ˣǣȴûзʲô٣һʱЩɻͫ΢΢ҡҡͷʾԼûзʲôټ
ȥңΣ

ϾսĹʱֻѣʱĹڵˣᱻųȥβͬգΪѩλʦ˵֮Ͽˣλ˼̳սʥ²
ֻˡ
˵ͷûзֿһͬ·Ŵֵȥ
˽֮󲻾ãԨ֮ϣһȺϢŵˣûаͬһ㡣
Ԩ֮˾㵵Ŀ£ǺԥıȥԨŨŨĶΣƺҲܸǣ˽뵽֮ͭǱҲȻǱ˽
Լһʱңϵ𽥵ĵȥͭӨʱ٣һ쵱УĹرա

սĹѾһʱˣ˶ͬͷӬһڴ֮ڴȥѰν١
˵Ҳ֣ÿ춼ǧͷޱɱǣڵĻƺûٹңƺս࣬ǹ졣
ѵһֻΪ̭һЩ˶ѣ
һĶ飬΢΢
ƬֵǺܴһƬתȦˣ˴ֻǴ֣ûκεĲͬûν١
ٷ֣쳣Ʋͻˡ
һڣѾвʮ鱻ˣǱҧͷӶûʣ¡
Ҫĵõȸûа׳ԵͣҪõս촫УֲԸѪǲܵ顣
Խ
ܹĵЩдҪһ棡
һѾˣڶأأ
⣬ȴǷ֣ͭѾرգ˻ſڣŻ޵Ϯɱȴʱ޹ȥ
ʥƺҲֵ쳣㶼ͣһ֮ϣȺٶߵĳ֡
ȣ
һ޺еĽһӽһͷ޴Ļֱ˺룬Ѫӣһ࣬ؿڣõĴڵĻ޶ǲٽӽ
ֲ˹ܹ˺һĻޣ
ѪħӰѪһлϮֱǱʺɸɾʲôҲʣ£ǿֲ
аʥӣ˫㣬һ׳Ĺָųһͷͷ޶ͷ­ȫһ
Ȼľ类ѹ۷壬ǣɱ𾳽Ļ׾٣ƺ÷һ㡣
ߣųױ޻һȥûͷܹܵˣһʱҲǻر

һĲҽͻأ쳹ֻһҫ˵ʥӣѪ죬һ߸߷һ˫֮ڳžɫֱֱĿ·Ĵ֡


633 
ৣ
һͬȰӰǻں֮ڣֻ¶һ˫Įӣ䣬ȫǴǸʥӵҪλж飡
꣡
飡
Щͬƹ֮ʮ֮࣬Ǻηȱ첲ȣҲһֽһδγȥ
һҽУѪλʥӣʮ˷ʬնɼʮ飬µأ
ͬʱʮҲ˴Ĵۣ
飬ֹһϣÿһʥӶܵʮ˵ϮɱΪ̫аʥӣҲ뼸ʮ˵ĿսУ
ǣһˣѪħӰǸһˣûܵЩ˵ϮɱƺЩ˵ĿģֻǸʥصʥһ㣡
Щǡ
ЩϢŵĺˣƻվ΢΢ѵǵ֯Ŀɱ֣
գʥҽųҩʦĳ滹֣ûа취ǣЩηĿɱ֣
ǰЩˣ뵱ʱĿɱֵһģһģ
ÿһ˼ԼϵĴˣǵĿģҪɱǰĿ꣬ͷ­ѵһɲǣǵǱǰƣ
öģ
ЩųӻǰĿɱ֣΢΢Щףתͷȥûٿ
ɱ֯ô
Щͬľżһ㣬ֻ֪ɱ¾Ŀɱ֣һԵֻأ۾֮һĨм֮⡣
ηĵɱ֣Уƺֵһᡣ
Щ˶ǻĹǿߡ
ѩջڵǳ΢΢Щŵ˵š
֯ռһЩĹǿߵʬɿܣϮɱ־ž֮ˣĿģ˲
ʱֱ֯ӽЩʥȫˡ
ôԵ֯ʲôôѵֻΪ˴ţ
ȻѾǲܣ
ļһǣ
ʥӱʮɱΧɱһʱӦһƣʱȻŭʥһ磬ͬκˣľϯܣһɱֱӵ˳ȥмģֱʥܳϫбѪʲôҲûʣ¡
ȫͨͨȥ
ʥӴһʥڣһĹʥ񣬾ͶԿأָһʥ۶ɵĳǹϣһɨΧϮĺȫͬһ㣬ֱӱɨأӿȥʥܳϫֱӵڡ
ȻǺʥ壬ǣĹŴʥеʥ֮ȴɷͬСɣһǹɨʮɱ֣һʱǽеͬ޵oˣ
꣡
аʥӾһæ֮ҲŤתƣָϵĴһ׳ĹɨЩɱֵͷ­ķ飬һȥ
طҲӽβһʥӴʱԵЩǱɫвŭ⵹õЩ֪ȥϮǵĻꡣ
εϮɱ˭ҲûϵһʮλʥӣÿһܵϮʥΪۣٸ֯Ŀɱɱɾ
̫ˣ
ÿһʥӾ㲻ʥ壬ûܣҲǾž֮ϣΪʥ˵ĴڣʱɾǴλʥˣ
˻
Զ˶ɵĵһ
̫֯Ϊˣõ˶ǺΪ˶ǲ֪֯Ľɱжĸ֧ŵģôɾǽҪƲӣӴį
ڶϣǾԲˡģ
һٺʥӶЩҧгݣŭͷӡ
ȻȳսĹ֮½Ҫһˣ
ʱ˸ʥأڳˣûôһɱĴڡ
λ
һЩ͵쳹Ƭֶܹĵ
ȥǿһʮºͣȴǴЩŭӣڸ߿֮ϡ
Ǳʥӣ
˵ҲһĹŴʥĴУȴûôɽ¶ˮǵ͵
ҿӦòڱʥӡ
ĴһЩƵĶڣüͷ΢΢
ʥӡӦǹ˵˰ɣ
ૣ۾΢΢
ⱱʥӣӢ⣬ϢҲǼΪºͣûаɱ¾Ϣһ֮Ӿһ㡣
룬ε֯бΪģҪЩʥصʥһ򾡣
ȫĿ⣬ʥӴЩ߿ǿ벻̣ɱ֯Ѿ˷ǳɵĵزˣǴһ죬ôܰ


634 
ʥӵһϯֱ˵˵һЩʥҲѹеķŭͬĵ˵ͷ
ɱ֯һ죬Ǿͻ᲻ðκʱ򣬶пܵɱֵϮɱ
ȷѾǵ˲òĵزˣ
ɱ֯ȷǸóˣ
ʥһɫĿˡ
һʱȻһɱָĿ֮¶棬Բ
ȷ
аʥ΢΢˵ͷͨһĨâźۼһ۷ߣǴݵЦ⣬ǳ˳飬ŭʤ
һα꿴Цˣ
ǣκأʱսĹ֮ڣƾǹֱۣѾԼˡ
㣬õΪơ
˱̬ʥҲǵͷʥӵʥأҲкѡʥվ˳ʾͬ⡣
ǣλҲǳ֯жǳĹ죬ƾһҪҳ֯ϳ룬ӦòǺܴ󣡡
ʥͨʥٴ˵ȴõüͷǳ塣
⻰Ȼܲȴʵ
ܹҳ֯ϳܻǰȵӹ
ԣҪ֯ȽҳȻٴŭҲûطȥйֻ᲻֮
ƾһ֮Ҫ쵽ʵǾԲܵ飬˵ʥ˵ĻΪίˡ
ǵ֯Ŀɱֵȷɶɳ֮󣬾Ͳȥ˭֪Ǵðأ޴𰡣
治֪ĸȻֶΣƳ˶ĿܣһȫѾﵽز
ҺÿɱҲʥѹˣȻ밡
ĴһЩ֮ɱ֯ЩǷŭǾ£˵ʥأҪһȥ֯ҲоԵİա
Ϊɱ֯Ȼڵеʥأ֤ĳһʥأһʥصҲУ
˲ţȴһ顣
ʥֽϮĻ߷ɣƵЦ⣬˵ҾãһʥصȻѾܴˣǣǸʥһרڶԸɱ֯ЧֻѣϾ˶
飬õʥӳĬȥ
֮ǰȻҲйɱɱ֯жǣʥضǸΪսûʲôͬһж
ԭܼ򵥣
ûĸʥصԸʥص
ȻǺܺãЧҲӵǣƱؾͽһλˡ
ĸʥӵĳĬʥӲźۼ̾ϢһֻܿһЦݣλҵ˼ǣǸʥؿԳɳһˣɱ֯ˡ֪λʥӵ˼Σ
ôһ˵ʥɫ΢΢Ż
ֻǳɳһ˶ѣ⵽ûʲôϾʱأʥҲ̫Ӱ졣
⵹ûʲô⡭
ʥ΢΢üͷ˵
ʱ򣬸ʥӿνǶ֯Ҫ֮죬ǣҲ֪ƾԼһʥصҲ˿ߵġ
ԣˣʥ˵Ҳһ¡
ֻǣ˾Ҫ˴УȻҲһɢɳѡ
ʥüͷһһĨ⡣
ð죡
ʥ΢΢һЦƾ̫аʥΪ˵ӵлĹŴʥеıʥΪ˵ĸλʥңΪ˳ϣͬˣλΪΣ
һϯʱõаʥüͷһ¶ϲɫʥüͷ֮󣬿һͬһհ貵аʥӣ΢΢̾һҲûһ뵽ԼҲΪҲȻˡ
ķӵ̫аʥӣȷڶʥеĵһˣңʥҲ˿ûΪԼӹ˼Ϊ뱱ʥӣͬΪӵдʥ֮ˣǣȴǽ֮λøʥӣ䣬һʱ䣬ǲλʥӵĺøС
ܿ죬ʥӵǱͨˣаʥϲЦտԵã󣬱ʥԶЩ룬ȻҲ޷ܾѪħǽһȻ֮ԱǣûƼҲĽ顣
ⱱʥôģ
Ǻͺкıʥӣ΢΢
һִٳˣǣȴûеõ˿ĺôɹˣ£ЩͳŹ졣
ҿ˳ѸʥȫȥһҪ
һ䣬õķһ


635 ı
ʥӣպ϶ǻΪʥĴڣˣԸʥΪףʵѾʥûʲôˣ
һʮʥ϶ɵˣ룬ûжôĿֲ
˻
뵽㣬Ʋɵ΢һоȻ
˭Ҳ޷뵽һεĵɱֵϮɱպһȻĴ
Ҫٳʲôô
Ϊߵ飬ҵ飬ƶԹڵıʥأȱøУЩ濴ȥƶҹļһǣ˭֪أ
ֶΣı𣬴Ӵ£ڣҪ۳ǣֵ˵ЩƵļһżҰģǱ濴ȥǰ
ȵʥȫ֮󣬹˼ˡ
һͷƮõķ͵һ
ܹһʥأһǵʱǿʥأѾ˵ʵҲ֮ڣôʥвò֮
ôһ˲ڹ˵֮ˣ
ı׵ı
Ѿܱȵ۳ǹϼĹˣٺϲЩʥأô˭ܹѹ
ʱٿһЦݵıʥӵʱ򣬷ƶʱЦݺαһ֮С
ھԵʵ֮£һУֻӰѡ
һԵѩ࣬˵һ䡣
Եʵ
һĪŮһƽȥڿʥӵʱĿܵȻǿһСڱݻһ㣬ǻһĨ޵Ц⡣
۾һˣѹŴѾ˵һˣ
ھԵʵ֮£һıƣȫӰԼҪģƿڵ䣬Ǹʱ򣬾˭ƥУ
Լ֮
ʱ򣬸ʥǱߣѾ󲿷ֵʱġء֮ڣ˸ʥӵıӻҲõʲôˡ
Щûбģ룬һЩҵˣȻǸ޷Щʥӵ룡
ʱ֮ⷽڣǷֳ˼
аʥΪˣǵȫģȥҲȫǿһ
оǼҵˣϢǸǲһЩϮǶһлУ˿ˮ
Ȼ󣬾ѪħӰգзһˡ
ɨЩҵˣǷ֣ȻûЩʥһʲãǣصϢȴҲǼΪֲ
㣬λԹҵŮɽ¶ˮǣһʵȴ̫аʥӿ⣡
˵Щңڵ֮ϣʥأǣȴǵ͵ޱȣΪ֪ʥصĸߵȣôĬĬš
ҲΪǵĵ͵ԣǼһֱ

һˣѾǵڶˣ޳Ҳӿˣǣȴûκεټ
ԣЩ޾Ǵģ
·Ļޣһ
ǴϵҲӦмѰŶ԰·ЩޣȴôԵ޹ʵˡ
Ѱ٣ѵ֮ڣ
һ뵽㣬Ʊͫϸɨ·Ĵ֣һһ˹
ƺЩףƺӦþӵĻЩ
ͫ˸˸ͬħȼţܹһޡ
һĹ۲÷ҵһɡ
һʼͻЩ޵ԣǸӵĹעЩ޵Ķһʱҵһ˿ߣ
ЩޣƺǴһطܳģ
һïʢĵطգƺеĻ޾ǴƬľïʢĵطĳģ
ͫ˸˸ǰľõķһ
ڶмһƬտĵطͷ޾ôͻأĳǳΧȥ
ǣ
һϲʹ˸ɫ˱ǳǴïʢĵطƶ
ǽӽǴطʱͻ
𣡡
һ޴ĺ˴֣ģõķͣ˽ŲҿٵĳԶȥ
һͷΰȴһʨԴĻ޴ï֮˳Ǵط֮ϣ£ԶſֲϢһ˫˱壬ݺݵĿŷһˡ
ʨޣ
羪һȻһͷ۷ʨޣ
۷壿
һ顣
սʥҲ̫˰ɣʥ˵Ϊѹھ磬ȴǷһһĻ޷ڴڣڣٵĵطһͷ۷ʨ޿ء
⻹ò˹ˣ


636 ׾
𣡡
ʨſڿ𣬺ƴ󣬴ܣΧĻ޶ǹȥȫ̻̲Ŀͬһ
Բͬĺʱ˵ע⡣
˽˶ͬһƤ⣬ͬͭһּ᲻ɴݵӾһʨβͣ˦쳹һƿ
ʨˣɭɭݣ˸ź⣬˶ɣ
ƺػԣû׷ֻݺݵĶŷƼˡ
ৣ
һƿ쳹˱㶼ǳ˹ͷѾﵽ۷ʨޣǵɫǺܺÿ
Ƿ棬ȻޣһָͷܽǣڴʱǶûаѹͷʨޣ
ʱǵΪѹ۷壬ƾԵ츳ؼҲ޷۷࿹
˵ʱʨ޿Դ󷢵Ļϴ˶ᱻɱһЩʥҲ޷⣡
ȣ
ǽһӣǱ˹󣬴һѪ˿ֱ֣ӱǳʨײ˹ȥ
𣡡
һﾹȻԼȨʨ޴ŭ׳ͬǰ㣬ֱ̤ӵǰء
أ
ɰȭͷͰһӺݺݵײһ𡭡
飡
һ죬ʨֻǵ˼ѣǣǽһȴڵһ㵹˳ȥֺ֮ڣ֮УٴγڰյʱҲЩǽ壬ǣҲһѪ
ȻƤ񣡡
һ۾Ȼûȱ첲ȵĽӣ΢΢˳顣
ֱ۵ļӲȣֱܱˣȻ۷һõ˶ɵĵһ
һ壬һ˵ݷУܳ䣬û֮ˣңһ츳Ҳǲͣ
͸ղһȭȻ۷ʨ޸ˣ˵һȭ֮Ѿﵽһֲľأ
ʱ򣬷ҲˣΪûܹõսʥĴˡ
һؾѾˣǣأ
꣡
аʥӻԶŰ׳ĹΣ̫ͬӣ˫ӡһͨĹָʨ޵ĸҪλ
𣡡
ʨ޸ܵвһطɫĴȫײһͨĹ
أ
ͬһ쳹ϣаʥӵɫҲǱЩѿ
ΪĹȫһ£ңĳײ˹ʮŽǼƣ
󣬱ʥӣѪħӰһЩҵľӢӵҲ׷׶֣ǣһ飬κβͷʨޡ
磬˦˼ӣҲΪ֮£ҲཱུվͷʨޣûѩƺҪȥ֮Ӳˡ
ռ˾޴ƣ۷徳磬۷壬ûκεѹ
λͷʨѾ۷壬ҿǻʱְɣ뵽˵ڶ֮ٸƾֶΣΣ
ʥǴһ͵Ц⣬ţȶ֣óһͨ鷲ĳЯʥܣʨ޵ͷն¡
꣡
أ
һʱ䣬ȫ˼˶ָ֣ĹȫʨޣҲ˦ױޣָҪֻǣʨһ޺һɫӨǽͬﱤһ㣬Ƭڣйǵ
һ޸ǽ˶Щг鴤
ʨޱԷڣһҪƿķǧѡ
ģɣ
һλʥӰһ䣬ʱõΪ֮һ飬ʱÿһ˵ĹҲ͸ˡ
̫ˣû취Ƴ͸û취˵ˣѵҪ죿
ҲЩйͷתʵûа취
취ȻУ׾٣
΢΢һ䡣
ӡֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬Ŀǰʳ۳۷һҲûпܣ
а취
ԱһЩ˶ǲĿѪħǼҵҲΪ֮Ŀ
ߣ˵Ҳ
ʥ߳ƵĿ˱ġ
֪ν
аʥҲ߳ǲм
ʨ޵ķ˶ǿܣʥܣҲ֮ܽݻ٣ԭһԵ꣬Ȼ˵׾پܴ
⻰˶жһЦֻҲͶɻĿ⣬͸˵ˡ
Ǻǡ
䣬ɨһȫ˵Σ


637 ֮
Ļȴǳţһһ˿ʵζõ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ţаʥǱ߱Ǵ䳰ȷ֮ǱĵĿŷơ
ʲôЦܡʥҲ޷ƳķһԵܹƳˣ
ǣ治֪ô˵ĳڵģ
ڣ֪ߵغ˻࣡
ǴʥӣѡʥӣҪǸľӢӵܣһΪѾϣǲһ츳һǰ¶ͷ
ȻаʥҲ֪һＫĲһܴңǣҪƳʨ޵ķȴûпܡ
ʥӣüͷźۼɨ˷Ƽۣţû˵ʲô
ЩҵˣҲ΢¶мɫ
۷壬Կ۷壬ǾԲܵ飬ԣǻ϶ڴѣ
Ұ쵽أ
ǴŵЦɨһаʥӵˣе˵
ĻʱõЩ֮ĳȥһ˫˫۾ɲĿǲǴġ
㡭
ü壬Щһ䣬û뵽ƾȻһڴӦ
Ǻǡ
ЦһͶһǷĵ񣬲Ŷаʥӵ˵磬ǶһΣ
ôģ
аʥ˸һ˫źâֱŷƣƺҪ֮ȴûʲô̫Ч
йԿľѹ֪겻Ǳ濴ȥǰ򵥡
ֻǲصĺѣ
ܼ򵥣ܲƳʨ޵ķΪ׼ٶעһ侧һˣ˭ģ
ǵЦŨˣлơ
ôĿһ侧ô
һʥߵ
Ȼǰһλؼҩʦڳ˵ҲǸ߲ʣŪʮ侧侧Ҳǲܣǣʥʮˣѵܹóǧ侧ɣ
Ǻǣ˵أ
֮滺ͬĨħȼգ޼ʣһЩΪ˶ǵͷȥֱ֮ӡ
켶ʯʦ
Ⱥ˾ʱ˲Ŀ⡣
˭Ҳû뵽ؼн׵ҩʦһλ켶ʯʦҲѹ֣Ȼܹ⴦ٵĴڡ
ӵ켶ʯʦͷΣͷֵ侧ԣʯʦ˵ȱľ侧ˣ
ˣУ켶ʯʦҲһ׬ǮĹ߶ѣûʲô˲ģ
ߣ򣡡
аʥһ˵
˽⣬ҲǴԵɣ꣬ƾһ켶н׵ͫԲɵע⡣
һδʯ̩˵ǧ侧ʲô
Ҳ򣡡
̬ʥҲ˵
򣡡
һ򣡡
ÿʥӶǱ̬󣬶עһǧ߰侧֮࣡
ǺǣҲһ侧һϣλֵӮȻǾҪͣˡ
ʥһЦ⣬ºͣһɺ֮࣬˵ĻҲȦɵ㣬˿ˡ
˵Ҳǹһ磬ʥΪеľӢȻҲⷽľ衣
һǧ˰侧
һЦȴǻϲޱȡ
ǰģҪײҪһǧ˰侧ɲСĿ侧Ҫ쾧Ͳóˡ
ʱҲҪϻˣô˵ļ֤£ЩʥӾԲˡ
ӡ
ָϵһַӡӡ֮ʱڵľڳ֮۳һεͼ
ˣ
һռ䣬ɢỊ̄Χռеܵǣ˹ĳֳһֻ޴ɫƣ
һֻ֣дƣƺܹص߸ܣˣĪϢС
¡¡
΢΢Ķ䣬Χһƴװը죬ġ
ͣ
ΧռʱǴһЩЦ˶ϷʵĿŷƣǳ˳飬۾ƺٿҿѩЩɻ
꣬Ӧòûаյ²Ŷ԰
ؼȻƲ۷壬ܴﵽһѾǺܲˣǣڶԸ۷ʨޣĿɲһǰ㡣
֮ܶѣ
ЩҵҲ΢΢ҡͷƵ
ȷⷭӡӦǵؼеļƷ似ˣڳУǲɶõ似ǣУȴʲôҲǡ
ٺ٣
ĳĿ⣬ûаɫһ䣬ֻٴνһĴ


638 ȫ

ɫ£ָһĪָ۶ɣָһֻɫ֮ڣʱΧĿռеԪʮٶȿٵĳֻƻ㼯ʱ䣬ΧĿռ䵴һɫԪͬһӿ֮УƱ
ʲô
䣬˽һܹоֻƵڼٵܿ죬Ǵﵽ˽ӽĳ̶ȣ
ôܣ
쳹һ󾪺֮˽һĲ˼Ŀֻƣ㵵ı飬ʾǶûпѾʹȴܵ似
似δţ
ҲǲޱȵĿֻƣСһһϣ˵
ҵҲ¶Ŀ⣬ܹĳһ󼼣
ˣ
ǳ˳飬ɫЩû˵ͷȥһ˫˫۾ȴǲʱɨߵ
ѪħӰӣһ֮ɫЩء
ԭ۵꣬ȴ۷Ϊʹܴﵽ󼼣ǲòʶˡ
Ҳ̶ȶѣ
ߣ
аʥһâ˸
ֻ֮³˴֪ܹﵽҵܡ
ǣȴҲʧˣ
ϴΣû㹻ʱȥ۸ܣΣȴͲͬˣ
ԵԪ
ʥ۾΢΢һĨâ
δҲ̫˰ɣȻܹ۳ֲͬԵԪЩ⣬ͬʱԷҲ˻ɡ
ֻôô
¡¡
ռ𶯣ͬɰٴؼԪӿ밵ɫ֮ڣõƲ
Ǵﵽ
ǣƺͷûֹͣļ
ѵһֱȥ
Щʥаɫ
ܣѾܹɱˣ
ʱȫĿȫǾۼֻ֮ϣ˽ֻ֪Ƶ۳ܣ
¡¡
ը첻ϣ֮ܵԽӵĿֲѾӽĳ̶ˣʱ򣬷ȴЩܲסˡ
˫֮ϵļ⣬ȻѿĺۼͷϵҲ͹ͬ̾ᣬһɫɵɫǵЩͨ졣
ˣ
ϵѹһ£ۣ

ƺлĹ޸ͬһѣ䣬һֻ˳Ƭֱۣǳ֮ڣ
ʲô
ϣһ˫˫۾͹鶼ۿˣǼһ㣬¶𺳡
һֱֻۣűϢһƬƬƬͬ죬ĺ⣬˿һۣҲʧأ΢΢ĻζΧĿռ䶼쳹죬Ѿܲסֱ۵Ĵһ㣬ըԵֱ֮ӿͬκˣġ
ļһ
аʥɫֲõԤУҲһܹ۳۷
ʱϵ̫ܸͬһգǾĿŷƵһһƺ·ƽֻһ㡣
ҲףԼƵĳѾǼܻˣлᣬҲֱӴɱƣ
ôܣ
ʥҲһĲ˼飬૳
ˣȻһֱֱֱۣѳ˳ѵ꣬һͷɣ
ǸһӾôɵġ
ֻűϢֱۣʼϸĴƺ֪ǲ֮ˡ
Ϣ
ֱֻۣͬһͷǱһ㣬ĵϢȵõ޷ƽ
ѵˣ
ˣ֮ڣһĨ羴
ޣؼļ£ǣһ֮ϣ֮Ϊ壡
뵽⣬ĳŷƿ
⡭
ʥͫһҲǱֻ𺳵Ŀɿڴþ˵
һУѾ֪ķΧ
ţ
С֣΢΢ſķС죬ͬˮڣһƬ˼ɫǵһʶһ㡣
޷ǰһС
˵ӦΪ˽ˣǸͨ꣬ʮ껹ͽ꣬񣬾ȻѾɳĵز
ĳɳٶȣ̫ˣ
Ǻǡ
һԵѩ࣬û̫ľȣ˵ǴһĨЦݣƺѾһУδ
ȷпܳΪıԼ˵ˣ
ֻ˸žâһƬᶨ


639 
¡¡
ըͬ쾪ףһֻ޴İɫƣڸ߿գɢĪϣȡؼĸԪֻ΢΢ĻζռһζӶһۿɼǳܲסһ㡣

̺󣬷ӡܣѾﵽĿֲأ
꣬۷Ϊ۳ܣѾаʥ̫ļޣ
ѵҲ岻ɣ
ڣ˶ôɵģһ˫˫۾ʱֻƬֱɨţǴһĨȻ
ЩƬֻǸһֱֱ۶ѣȫǽһôĿֲأ
뵽⣬ǸʥӣҲһ
ǣʱаʥһɫȴЩˮˡ
֪ۣҷҲǼΪˣǴξȻԼܳϫ֮л
һܹ̤У
Ϊǵĵط
Ψһıͬ׵塢ʥ֮ˣҲһİջʤǣֻҪǲ׾룬û˿ܽԼ¡
һɳȥ
ɱȻƵĹõΪ
ʵƺγôģǣҪȥаųǣڽɱˣаʥػݵԼô
ʱаʥصʥ˳֣Լɾ޿ˣԣеɱ⣬ڴõʱ
һĵˣǳɳҲǺģرǣаʥӻһֱǰͷ֮ȳʥԼƱֻ·һ
ʱǽһȴ߽˷һ˸ԵЩԥҲ֪òǰʡ
ɵģվ
緢΢΢𣬿ʵ
⡭
ԥ޷ķƣųʵʣλĴô
壿
һһ֣㿪ʲôЦǻʵ壬ôˣ
㣬ʮֵĿ϶
壬ƾϵƣΪ֮˳֮Ϊ壬ôܻһСڵĳУңܾ裡
ңϵϢǳ壡
壿
һĨɻ
ȷûʹֻȷûаϢڣȴϢһģһ
ΪΪһˣӴˣԣϢǱȽϤģҲŪ
һУҪȵ¼нˣĬĬ߿ȴһֱעŷƵĶ̬
¡¡
ͬؼ߸ըװ죬ƾϯ˷ͷʨƺҲܵвƺ𲻶ϣǵǽ֮ϵĹӵˣһβɴݵӾ
۷ˣ
ʱӡѾӽľˣ
һ̾ЩǰˣһɫЩڨڨһƬϡ
˭Ǿ֮ܣ˭飿
һУڴʱѾȷķ
󼼣
ҵҲǸпѡ
󼼣ܹ۳ֲͬԵԪҿһֱ
Ȼ׶ҲǺԵģ
ȣĳ
ңƾΪܲס¶ۣȻֻ֧ŵֱͱˡ
ߣҲΪҪһ㣬Ǿʱ䣬ڶս֮Уĸֻôõʱ۴У
㣬аʥӾͷǳ
ԣʵ˵Ϊ󼼣ҲǼѣڶսϣҲܱؼ۷ܶѣ
뵽㣬в΢΢ͻЩζĵʥǣȴҪٰ侧Ϊ۵Ķעˡ
侧ʵ˵ʲôҪǣӰ
ⲻ֤ԼĿô
˵˭ҲûϵͨĲͨ꣬Ȼᱬǿ
һ⣡
һ뵽пͻؿ¸ڣǵɫǺÿһЩ
ϾǵõսʥĴҪ

ŷӡܲϵƵҲЩ֧Ųסˡ
ƬֱۣĺΪңһ鼡ȫǸ߸ߵ¡𣬾Ҫһ㡣
ѵҪܲסˣ
۵״˶ǿС
Ͼʣһ̶ȶѣⲽѾǳ֮ˡ
ڣӡܣľࡣ
˶ǻɣ۵ľܣֱֻۣܹ֧ŵסô᲻ᱬأ
ڵûٸҷʲôˣΪ˭ҲԼԼ⡣
ʵ̫ˣҲ̫⡣


640 ս
Ȼġ
ͼ
һһͼǴؿɢͣӨ⽫ڡ
㵭Ө⣬ԭѾѵۣʱǻָ˹Ƭɳ죬
Ȼ
нһ飬Щ˸ԼղûȻֵöһ
굽׻жٵƣ
˶֪ģ
ԭһͨûԵѣʱȴֳҲ޷顭
ǣ˭˵ļˣ
ѵҲһЩϼˣ
Ʊֵ̫ǿˣۣͼһܹõô
аʥȻҲ뵽棬ʱЩ˸
ðȻնɱһҵˣаʥҲδܹס
Ȼء˵ȴҲûʲô¼ȨҪʥںϣҪĿɲһʱ䣡
һ
ǰ꣬ЩĪ
ǳԾһˣ㱼䣬ȻãԼʶˡ
ѾǰǸˣ
ǲԶĽӣͼ֮󣬸˫۵ɵԲ
壿
ξԲϴ
аȵʱ˶г֣ڴ֮ϱһˡ
ͼ̣޷ǡ
ǰͼ֮ϵģ
ѵˣ
ӾԼͷЩˡ
ǰ꣬ӵϢ¶ͼЩ޷ֱ澿壬ˡ

¡¡
һը쵱УӡͻƵľĳ̶ȣʱƱǸоһһɺޱߵѹȫѹ棬ʱһ鼡ٴ¡Ƭ֮䣬һѪۣ
ͼӳ֣Ҳǳܲסѹˣ

ưһһҧ⣬ͼת˼£һ棬ũҩϵҩӿ֮ڣЩѿ˿ڡ
ļӳ£֧ȻѾѪ죬ǣȴûбѿ
Ҳľ׵̶ܳȵķӡܺͷ۷ʨ޵ķǽԣҪ
ɫķӡ񷣬ͬһֻo֣ܹ֮أɽӣƺޱߡ
ܣóϵ˶Ǹܵвûֻܹƣ۷ǺףеĲൽж
΢΢һаʥӣ߶ʱٴУϵ̫ܸǵĨϷʣһɫʱǳϽɫ
ԼȻٴαԼвˣ
аʥƲѣȴҲ޿κΣףһҪԼҲشǶɱﵣͷǾٲ˵ġ

ľˡ
ʱ֧ŵĸˣ£ݶ챻ҧˣһɫԵЩͷӵ͹ԡ
ۣǲҲ̶ã
һƬƬƬ֮䣬һѿ˺ͬƤһ㣬Ѫвϵӿǿɲ
ֲסˣ
ͼӳ֣켶ҩΣҲ޷άȥˣ
һ㣬Ͳһˣ
ƸоϾǱһɽһ㣬ѹЩӱǿҲЩģˣƾһɼǿ־
Ҫʨ޵ķң֪Լļ޵ģ
Ԫϵӿ뷭ӡ֮ڣƵҲԽԽңλҲѿһ˿ڣһ˲䣬˾ͳһѪˡ
Ĳҿľ˵ɫ
һˣ
ǰܹĳƼǿĸԣǲʣԼܹĵһô
Ƿ񶨵ģ
Ǹ츳ԼڣڣǱΪҪƴ
˵Ǵʱܹ֮֮ϣƾľǷͬһʣһЩؼѣ
ȥʲôǣ
ȻϵƣҲʵһ֣Ҳͨ˸޷Խģ
λܲܵõսʥĴУڴһˣ
ٴһ۷ƣʥѹе֣ڵɫָƽһأĴ
һǻعһѾӽ̶ȵİƣǿʼ۴С
¡¡
ӡٴһ𣬴۷̶ȡ
꣡
Ƶϵĸλһѿвʮ˿ڣѪЩ˿ڱӿΪ£ƺʱѡ


641 ϴ
ˣ
ƸоԼѾ޷ȥˣһȻĽֹ˷ӡһ˫³Ϲâ׾ӡ
ֻһֻͣƺ嫵İƣֱӳʨȥ
¡¡
ӶɲǼ䣬ͬɽ㵹ռը첻ϣҵƣصǶ˸ɫı֮ϡ
¡
úһ㣬ʨǼӲıݶʱƿһ󶴣ţǺ嫵ѹ£ֱӽݴݻ٣ʨҲֱӱķ˳ȥѪ䡣
¡
̣
飡
첻ϣϼÿһǽ۳ĴУʨкȥʨ޸Ӧһһεı׷ɣͬһϣ˺ԽԽ࣬Ѫ졭
ն
һƬɫ׵˸ֳֳһŰɫ׵ӽնֱնʨ޵ͷ­֮ϡ

ѪŽʨ޵ͷ­ֱӱ룬ѿȥ
أ
ͷϣֱӽ֮Ѫȥ
۷ʨ޾ʹ
ϧˣ
ư촽
۷Ļޣ⣬ܳڵܡ
ʱ˶Ǵȥ֣ȥѰν٣Щʥӣһڳ
Ǻǣλֵܵȷд֮ˣķڷעϡ
ʥһƵЦ⣬Ҳŭɫóһöֱָ׸ơ
һʥӶ
侧ֶӣоǳ˲ӬһܵĺܣرǱʥаʥӡ
Ѿǰڶʧˣ
ŭʱҲ޷Ȼ͸Ӷ޷޲ƽ׸һöָתͷȥ
ٺ٣λлˣ
һЦЯζõЩʥӶһɫҲѿ˼֡
㡭
˳ˮˮתǰԡѪ꣬һĪ
һС߳꣬ԼҲ飡
Ǻǣ˵ֻС¡
ƳһЦũҩ£˿ѾֹѪѾʼ裬Ķֽţ쳹һ졣
ΣǽӴԼļޣоǷӡϼһ˿Լͻȫѡ
ս޺ջҲǼΪʢģʣԵµ
ʱһԵĽҲ˹ŷֻδۣǳëϹ𾴣ڳ˾η
ʣĴô
Щʵ
ţ
һ㶣תͷȥ壿
۷ӡ֮ʱҲǸʱϾڣٴвһͻ
ôģԼ֪ǳûаëǮĹϵֻĻľǣӵ츳ѡ
ʱЩҵ뼸ʥӶǲĿߡ
һ壬վ۷壬һĹϼҲ޷֮⣬ˣôݾѾЩʥ֮ˡ
رаʥӣʥӣжԹôͷƽʥҲסǡ
ԣǵɫ˼֡
ⲻǰʯͷԼĽţң
ѵĴˣ
Ӽƾþòأٴʵ
£עߵ˶Ǳ˵ˡ
һ뵽ƵֱֻͼЩȻ
ѵͬʱ̳룬츳
˻
ǲɵĵһкȻ
츳ķ츳Ƕļ̳֮һ֣ܳɾ۷壬꾹Ȼͬʱӵ֣
رаʥӣ֪һﻹ̳̤е츳
вͬʱеһ˺֮⡣
ʵ塣
΢΢˳飬ͬʱۣϵϢҲͻָƽЦųŽ˵
֪壬Щ˻᲻Ϊ棬ĵˣȥ֮󣬿϶·һ
壿
Żָƽķƣһ˫ţ֮һĨãȻ૵͸ӦϢͼôأ
ˣ
ʱһ֮±һ貵ĹâһµĴ󣬳ǰ
٣
һʥӾһֱ֮ڣתۣʧȥټ˶ǳ貵ĴȥΨ


642 ֮
貵ĹԣϼâεϽ֮һ㣬ڵˣһǷĳŹ֮ڳ̣һƬȣƺսʥһ㡣
ʮ˽֮Ҳûʲô쳣ʥصʥǣЩҵҲǷ׷׶ڣʧ
λˣ
ڷƼҪʱǽֳס
λֵܣ塭
ƿЦ
Ҳ˼
ҡ˫֣͵ҿλӵ츳ķ츳ǣƺδȫ
츳ķ츳Ϊؼļ֮һֶ壬ʥ֮ǣƴʱͬȣҲԶԭǣ츳츳߽ûȫļܻӷܡ
ûȫ
ٴζ½ŲɻĿ
λ֪֮أˮܹ츳˵츳츳ǾصˮϴӣӳܣͿܣ
ʲô
ԣһͻӿһ޷ļֱǼٵ
ǾصˮϴӣԼӵ츳츳̤Уȫôаʥʲô
֮һ־Ͳ壬ںϣ˭ƥУ
ԣԷƵԣʱҲ޷ѹļ֮ɫֱ¶ڱ
ЩĿ¶ɻɫ
ѵһǻ
ţɫЩŹ֡
ѩһľվϴǦףͬһɫŮͬǿհ˫ƺܹ֪һС
ֻؽӲҲһĨ죬Щɵɨŷƣƺڷҳ޵
Ʊ˿ĺܲȻֶŽʵλֵܣѵҲԽϴ񣿡
˵ĶǼٵģҪ׷ɱҲĸԸ
ջ̫ˣ֪һҲҪһ
Ȼԣ
˵ţ˵ͷֵֻǣÿֻһΣңÿֻʮ˽룬ԣһ㶼ǰǰʮܽؽˮϴӣİȲŹҰһλ˵£ûнǰʮ
˵䣬ƺû˿٣ң˵壬ԵĺΪ硣
Ƿĵ磡
ÿʮˣ
üͷ
ǰӣ۷Ϊƾ츳һҲɱǣˣȴ벻ǰʮ
Լأ
Ȼûа׳Ե͡
΢΢һ̾ͬһͰˮһ㣬еļʱȥɫԵЩȻ
츳ԣǣϵĲʵ̫ˣ޷ֲ
ĿǰΪˣҲ׵ĻͬˣʲôȥԿ
ĥˣǸϽڶذɣ
µѩӽƬ貵Ĺ⻪֮ڣ˲ʧȥټ
лλֵ档
ƻعŽӹ˹֣ƣδֵ֣
ҽŵ
ŵźЦ˵ƺԵЩܳ
Ȼһĵλ֮ҲǺܸߣȴ޷ӵм츳һ塢һȡ
壬嶼ҪΪˣʾ𾴣
ŵֵܣҿ»ǳսĹİɣȥء
һ΢Ц顣
õĴˣ
ŵ˵ͷ
ǽҷưɣԵС
⡭
ŵԵЩԥ
ôˣ
˵꣬ƱҲǳ貵Ĺ⻪֮ȥŵֻҲǽ

ǲ⻪֮ڣƱǸоһɾ޴֣һᣬͬƼһ㣬Ʈ죬Ӧ֮󣬱ǳһ㳡֮ϡ
飡
أ
꣡

ǳƱһ֮ͬȭŽ֮й֮ҽ
ٿ󣡡
һʯƱǴǰ棬Ϊۡ
һɨۣƱǿʮʥЩҵˣǷ־վڸڴ㳡ǰһͭоŲ֮ߣƣư磬ɢ϶ֲɣϢһѹȸУϯõ˲ò
ͭ·һȴžôţһƬڣīһ㣬˿κЩֵ죬ǴƬ֮ڴġ
ٿѵǾǰٿ󣿡
΢΢ֱһƬڡ
Ȼ͸
Ƭ֮󣬷ջ棬ɫЩȻ


643 ٿ
ͨͨҽ쳹ϡ
ͫע£ƬͨһƬڣûκεɫ澿ʲô֮
ҲǸʥֹԵɡ
Ϊ͸ʵԣҲȻҲпܵģ
Ϊйһλʥ֮ˣսĹ֮ڣ
ǽѵӣǾҪΪۣ
ôȥôˣ
㳡֮ڣԾͱ֮ǰ˽аҡ
õķЩ
ٿ
֣ԴأȻһӿ룬ⲻô
Щûˣ
ӿôͷ
սĹ֮ڵһУսʥֲã涨ϷӣǾֻ·һ
ƬڵͨڴĲҽõ֤
һأ֪жܹȥ
ɨܣƱǷ֣ЩʥҵˣͨڵĲҽɫЩ̫Ȼ
һصѶȣ˶ǿУڶأѶֻӲ٣Ҳѹǻη壡
ͨڵڼֻԭصȴҲûЩȡܹȫָ
Σܹõսʥеˣ˭أ
жͷĿⶼɨŷơ
ȫΨһһ⣡
ԡѪͦΣݸ㣬ǴǳЦڵ֮սȻƺһйؿΪ
ԿսξССĹؿ
ûս졢ս۵ľģʲôʸΪսʥĴ֮ˣ
ƵľڿսĹϵ֮Ѿ˷츲صı仯
ս
ֹս

һʱȥڵͨڣĲҽйǻָ˰
ˣ
һУڵͨһĨ⣬γ˷ƺٻ˽һ㡣
ʱȴû˸ҶȫǾ䣬ϵɨΧˡ
ȥԡ
һЦǰɫ֮гš
У
аʥӵ˵ǰɫǲơ
ǵѹ̫ˣǲȻ
˵оͲô
۾һɣԶŵ绡ҲУһԲϾҪļƣѩࡢֻأǸһŵҲ˹վڷ

ŵȻҲڷߣаʥӵ˲һ顣
ͬһӣаʥӣһҲûбʤİա
λˡ
ʥƵЦ⣬˳뼸λϵ⣬ʵҲΪλֵܺãϾٿйĪ䣬ǵ̽̽ʵȽϺãλֵܣ㿴Σ
䵱ϣ˵Ȧɵ㣬ǿʲô覴
Ҳã
һаʥļˣ΢΢УҲˬЦˣˡ
绹Ҫ˵ʲôȴס
ǵڶؿѣûҪؼģƾ죬ֻͨؿпܼ̳еսʥĴУ
˵ˣսʥĴֲȵȵõģ
ңʱϵҲаʥǱߴռƣ³ġءˣĳȥƼˣҵˣȫڣķͻԷûκεĺô
̣
ڶأٿܹȥģЩʥӣ˸ûʲôϣǿҲΨѣ
Ǹʱаʥӵȡءˣûжƿˡ
ȵȣ
аʥҪ˽ʱЩҵҲ˹
ʮԼΪʮΪ٣ϵӦҪǴܣӦڱЩӢӵܵġ
ʱҲһߣȻԶаʥߣǣʵѾǲˡ
ԣǲһ֣аʥӵɫǲôÿ
λҿ
ʥӼ״վ˳
ʵϵˣ˶ףڱʥأ˵ˣǹ˵ԣڹ˵ϣǶҲʥһӡ
䵱ϣҲ빻ǸʸУ
һνһȽģǵţ֮һͬأΣ
Ľ飬ܿ㱻ͨˣаʥȻʣҲЩ޿κΡ
Ͼҵĵ̣ҲС
ٺ٣棬Ƚȥˣ
һЦ˱ǿһѪĲӰǿڵ֮ͨڣһʱ䣬Ȼûü
ͨϵĹԱȥһںڶһͨ
ѪħӰĪһ֮ˣӦҲʥ֮д룬õаʥǱߵЩ


644 
ȥ
ʥһҧԵһӺȵ
ʥӡ
һֻŵĿ
ڽȥͨǾֻ·һȻڵѪħӰҲûĿܣ
ʥӵģԶ
ʥ嵣ļһᷢ󣡡
ʥһȻ˵š
лʥӣ
һҧ˹֣ǳͨȥ
ףԼҲдĿܣңܻԼļ塣
װɡ
üͷ˵
ԼȥҲôһ£ǲҲᱻ棿
ûʲôǲ׵ģΥǵЭ飡
аʥӻܵ󣬻䡣
ѪħӰϣҲûоԵİӣд룬аʥҵ˶޷ͻ̡
û
ҵҲǻػΣֻ˻ȥ
ˣҲûкùӳԡ
˵ʱѪħӰҲ죬Ҳ֪ǺǻңҲѾˣ御
ৣ
ڿǸ߽ڵ֮ͨ󣬳쳹һ֮ŵҲͷ
ǿѪħѾûдĿˣ
飡
أ
쳹ϣһֱûͣЪ
ӽ֮쳹һ죬ҽ༫죬֮ղһ֮࣡
꣡

һ۵죬һĲҽд˳
ʹǸӣѾˣ
ڵȴѪħҽеʱĽƺַŻ
أ
첻ϣҲûдʲôԹ֮ƺһֱûзʲôıһ㡣
ȥ
һʥɳһˡ
˽֮Ǵ֮ǰһĽ֮ǻָԭĽ࣬ǹ졣
ѵֻâŷʱģİٿ󣿡
뵽棬ƵһԵĻȣ֮ڴϷ֮ɨаʥӵˡ
˷۱
ܸһͬսĹˣ츳ضҲǼ򵥣ԺΪҲʲô⡭
ʱǵǽδĴܲˣ
飡
ȼڵͨڴһЦͨڴٴһ⡣
ȻѪħӰѾͨ˰ٿ

аʥӰһֱӴ˽ȥ
飡
أ
쳹ϣĳаʥӦǺΪżǼУٴ׷ɵ
ʮӣͨڱǻָ˳š
аʥҲɹͨ˰ٿ
ţһҵ˽ȥ
ȻȰɡ
Ʋͷ˵
⡭ðɡ
ԥҲӦ
ҾͲȥˣСҪúñ֡
ѩЦ˵Ը
ΪľΪİΣֻҲԼĻᡣ
ɼУѩѾΨһΪԼŮܹһУ
սʥĴУҲԥľͷˣ
ϣܹΪ˰ˣѾˡ
˵ľҲûǿ
ϾѩʦܹȳҪ࣬ңʵҲǿ
Ȼ󣬷ƱǾŵڶһ
ܿıֵ磬ƴ˸к֮Ƕ߽ڵ֮ͨڡ
ӣͨ˰ٿ󣬱аʥӻҪһӡ
ԣƺԣ
ţʥӱЩȲ˽ȥ
˼䣬Ҳŵ̸˺ˬ޼ӣŵҲ֪޲ԣ˺ֵܿơ
ֵܣȥˡ
ŵƹ˹֣˵š
ã
Ƶ˵ͷĿ߽ڵ֮ͨڣв΢΢˿
ŵУ֪Ϣ
磬ƾŵΪΰȱȴȵģǣȴӦһλײϣԲŲ̭
ȷõķһڴȻŵܱȺʥܣ벻ǰʮЩֲˡ
ʵÿδҲûôҪ츳ΪڵˮΪ˴ҲǺаģϣûˣΪѪΪ
ңŵѾǰʮ֮ˣҲΪصˮϴΣԣʱܱȺʥ壡
Ҫˣȡ֮ȥһ壡
Ѿ˾֮бز٣ܹ츳츳̤Уĳ̶ȣôս£


645 ѡ
ܿģֵˣѩࡢֻش˸к߽ڵ֮ͨڡ
Ӧô
ǿڵֻͨصʳ
ܹɹɹǰ٣ôȥаųǵҲҪİ
ѩһ˫ͬ嫺ǳ飬ͬ
аųǡ
ֻૣһľŮޱȵļᶨ

һ̤֮ͨڣǰĳǷ˷츲صı仯
һʯԲι㳡֮ڣһپĪľżʯ㳡һͷһĴš
ȻҪͨٿ󣬲ȥһߡ
Ҫ̤УǣĿռòЩ̫ԾƺǶģ̤и޷ʩչ
ҲΪΪ̫͵Եʣߣ̤е츳ơ
ۣ
ûаԥһ۱¶˳
ǣ
ƺһԶűϢ΢΢һͬһͷҰһ㣬Űٿгȥۣݺݵĳžͽһȥ
飡
ͬڼʯ֮ϣŷ죬ߴܵȫ汬ֱӾͽҷ˳ȥԶٶ
ǣȴ𣬲ûɢܡ
Ȼÿһһ۷壡
˼һƶЩľżʵҲָơ
Ҫһ۷ˣͨһһ۷Ŀܴ£Ҳֻսʥĳ
飡
ڿܴ֮ڣƽƷӵ쾡£ͬʱҲڵĳƷѾܹﵽ۷ңԸЩһĿȻҲ̫ѹһʱ䣬Ĵף޵У
Լķңһٸľż߰ҵĵڸۣݵ߽ǴͨĴš

Ѿ֮ͭˣ˸һƬͨĹƣ϶ֲϢ
аʥӣʥӣʥӣվһԣҵӵҲվѪħӰҲû⣬Ƕһأ˸ԥɫ¶ڱ
ôˣ
ƶһԵʵ
㿴ǡ
ҲЩأָŲԶһʯ
ƾ죡
һ죬һޣ
죬ޣ

죬ľޣ
죬ľޣ
ÿһˣֻһѡĻᣬܸòĻޣܵõòĽʧܣ
ɣ
۾һɣˣЩһΪʲôˡ
ƾ죬ǻָΪԳڵ˵ûжѹڣǵľ綼Ǳѹ۷壬翹ľĻޣ
Ҫֵ֪ʱһͷľһʨޣŪǿ಻ˣǷһػķ˶Ҫֹˡ
ڣҲԣҪõսʥĴУǾͱҪսпܣȻҲܹõһЩ챦ͨ鱦
ѹ֣ȻʥսĹ֮ڡ
ص趨ЩȻˡ
аʥӣҲ޷ȥľĻޣ˵ֻ·һ
ڣҲףΪսĹӻĹʱȴһֱûдˡ
ΪûܹﵽսʥҪ
ľ㡭
üͷ壬пʼ
ͼ壬۷壬Ҳܹһǹġ
ǣڵǣȥͷ۷Ļأ
ӡ
ԲУ̫ʱˣңһЧͷޣҲԲеʨޣΧ뿪
ڵĻޣǵҲȻҪɱˣ
ԣʥҵ˲Ż˵ԥѪħҲ
ΪɲǿЦģˣǾֻ·
սʥĴУȣأ
Ǵʱ츳̤۷壬̫⣬ΪۣûǸ
ԣҲϵֱӷˡ
ڣҲ֪ܹ̤ܲС
Ƹо̤Ӧûж⣬ǣ¾ղŵİٿһһСռ䣬Ǿ鷳ˡ
ƿ޵ķ뵽ڵĵ۱߱񽣡
Ǽµ۱ΪҴе
ȻԷƴʱΪ޷߶۱ڵĵǣ߱ķӹɣϣܹ谭ķâ治Ǻܶࡣ
ڱ¶۱
սĹ֮ڣ˭֪ܶ
ԣھܹʩչ̤УôľĻޣѹҲǺܴ


646 ѡ
ʱţʮʥҵľӢӵҲͨ˰ٿ֮ͭڣʯ֮һɫǳȥ
ʱˣսʥҪģһõˣһƥˣ
ʥ˵Ϊѹ۷壬̫аʥӣܹӳܣҲ㣬ʹɱﵣԴﵽǣľĻޣûлʤĿܣ
ˣʱԨ֮ϵˣ˶ΪԼսʥĴߣΪԼϣǣȴδҲûʹԼǸʸôƾʲôսʥҪսиԼ
ˣäĿģֻʵʱǲŻоԼС
Ԩ²еĻ޶ٿһܿ磬Ǹʸô
뵱սʥʥ֮ˣԿ۶ܲǺεȵ죿ν۵һȣ΢
ܴżȻʵǳ׵Ϊսľģ
ϣһ˸ҾսҶս

ѡԡ
ǽᶯ˵һƬأ֮սŨŨ
ʣһǷͬһԣԵκˣ׬ˣټӵеĵƣܹľһĻභ
ԣĻһڣаʥӣѪħӰЩҵľӢӵܣȫǾޱȵĿ
죿
΢΢һǻһЦݣǾҪ͵Ŷ
֮ʱΪܿʦѾֵ˵츳ΪʵƵҲǺܵģ
ŮôçײԼʵĺܣ
ѡ죡
һԵŵ˵ţԵЩԾԡ
ˮϴӣ츳ѾǵһͬѰĵزˣ
أ
ŷʵ
ңǺǣɣٶһҲûжĲ𣡡
һЦֺǺǵ˵ţƺѾǷսʥһ㣬ֹۡ
Ҳȷ˿Ȼ죬ǣܵʵȴҲңӡǿһͷĻǰûκεá
ˣû˸Сӣһ
أ
ʥǴһƵЦ⣬аʥʵ
죡
аʥӻ磬ҫۣͬһգǰֱӳͭĽȥ
壬֮£ǣڶԿľĻȴԶԶ㣬ѡ죬ɼһЩصĵûжã
ֵƣһ㶼ڱ׵ı¶ȻǾͲǵˣ֮ͭڣȻй¶ĿܣԣҲû˹˼ɡ
һ
üͷ΢壬֮ڱӿһĨܵս⡣
Σ
Լӵ䣬۱츳츳̤УһԿɽ֮Ĳƽ
󣬱ʥ뱱ʥѡ죬⻹ҵӵҲѡ죬ʥӡʣЩҵľӢӵܶѡ죬ˣѡһ㣬û˭ȥܡ
ϾղŰٿǣսʥɲһʴ֮ˣϰ˾ô˰ٿУ¸˾ӣ
ѪħӰһԲĬĬĳŽȥû֪Ҫս㡭
߰ɣ
ĳϵ˶Ѿȫ˽ݣֱ߽һ㴦һڴڣƵһЦ硢ŵϽݡ
˵Ĳ㣬Ʋûнȴڡ
ƣ㡭
ü΢ЩǵĿ
ǺǣҾȥһܵô
ƴһĨЦһ䣬޷
ȷ֪Χڣƴûûаյ飬֡
ǣƱһֱߣ죬ŵкǳڵĴȥʱϾʣˣû˵һֱ߲ſڡ
㡭
ͷɫЩĪҧҧ촽ҪСģ
˵գת߽ڵĴ֮ڡ
Ǳ֪ô
ƿЦһ΢ҡҡͷٴ̤ϵڰ˲ĽʱɫüΪأһ˫ڵڣȼܵս⡣
սʥĴУڱصãĹսһʥĴУӵгЩʥ֮ϵĵƣ
ΪǷȱģ似
һ·ûͣ£ֱߵ˶㣬ſڴһѪɫӰվһ˫ֱڵĴڡ
ѪħӰô⣿
һ㶣ס˽Ų
ѪħӰƺҲ˷ƣĺ˿˷һۣǳ·ȥ
ûѡھŲ㣡


647 սЫ
ڷƵĸӦ£ѪħӰ߽˵ڰ˲Ĵڡ
Ȼ
Ʋɵ΢һ
û뵽ѪħӰصģȻӵսڰ˲ʵ˵ĵƣ̫аʥ֮ϣ
һǿļһ
΢΢УƽЩ߽ڵĴǰĺ˿ȼȵս⣬һṳ̋˽ȥ
һƼ鸡У䵽ʵأһƬȣһҲ漴
۵ģһƬһ޼ʵɫĴɳĮո߹ңɳſ˸ɫĹâõķƵҲԵЩŤ
ƻûüһΣдĵ׵ӿõëıҲŵһȳ֮ζ
ৣ
ûκԥһ̤γڰ׿߿ϣվλãһͷʮ׳Ыλ޴ӻɳ֮˳һ˫Ĺ۾Ķڸ߿յķƣһĨɻƺΪλͻȻĲ
²˺ĿǼףķͬͭǿ⣬ҫۣһ˫ǯʮ֮˫ǯ֮ϣâ˸˸񣬷ƺɣ˫ǯܽԼ׵˺롣
ֻţÿһֻʮףͬ˰Ѹֵ˸ˣֲǳʮ׵βϵĵһ㣬ںһƬڣһҲ˲ɵĲ

ֻſٵƶΪһƬӰǶʮ׳βͣ磬Ŵ̶ƿ֮Хֱ˦Ƶš
ৣ
Ʋһ̤Уٴβưף㿪Ϯɱ
ͬĺɫЫӣͷ亹Ҳˮ֮ڣһĨҡ
ܹ̤УȻ͸ղ£ûĿܣ
ৣ

Ыһɣٴα磬βһӰٵĳŷ˦
ৣ
Ʋϵ̤Уһδζ㿪˺ЫϮɱҿʼ˾롣
ûкۼУһףЫҲ޷׼ȷ׽ƵĺۼֻܲϵĴܶ׷Ϯϻɳ죬ԭƽɳĮһƬǽ塣
ѾһʼĻҵ˹һƬƽʱѾЫİ׵ľ룬ϺΪȫˡ
߱񽣣
һԪ֮ڵĵ۱ܵٻֱӳڷƵ֮ϣ˸Ϣ·һֱ׷ƵĺЫҲһ߱񽣣֮ڳηɫ

߱΢΢һ֮ĵϾϯȥƺԼĴڣ
ǵ۱ͨ飬ľǼ£κԼĴڣ
ڣȴ޷ӳܡ
֨
ЫҪȴƺ뵽ʲôӲźۼһſȳζĴڣ̶еĿ¶׹⣬ȻΪӰٵƶʮ׳βͺХϯƿƿռ䣬
ǣ
΢΢һ䣬ںЫӽһҵʱĿâһһ̤һ룬ֱӳںЫߣе߱񽣺ԥıǳźЫһնȥ

жһ㣬ûκε谭УЫȱֱ׷ɣڴȳѪ罦˳ʮ֮ߡ
ৣ
һ֣Ʋṵ̂һֳǣڼĸ߿ա
֨֨
̶ļ쳹ϣһűնЫͬһ㣬ʣֻţһ˫ǯӣһβͬʮѸֵնܣΧɳĮնһ׵ĺۼһƬҡ

·ĺЫ΢˿ղҪа̰ϰ̣ʱضѾնɱ
꣡
ͫӸЫƶĺۼѰŻ
֨֨
Ыܿ㷢˸߿ϵķƣʱһ˫۾һƬ죬з̶ͬװ˵һ㣬һţ߸һƬĺХУצĳŷ˹â˸Ҫ֮նǯ¡
Ʋûм󹦳ɵ̬˫ͫϵܣһֱѰʺ϶ֵʱ
ЫΪľ㣬һĿǼףһ߾綾۷徳Ļ޵УҲǶĴڣ
ǵаʥѡ˾Ų㣬ֻҲΨһ;
սʥѡĶǶĻްɣ
΢΢һ飬вЩΪ絣ǡ

һ䣬Ϯ˷ǰۣѪаȫȫĶԸǰĺЫ


648 սʥ

âӹһͷ­׷ɶ𣬺ɫȳޱȵѪҺŵĳǯȻֹʮ׳صµ棬ҳ

ѾûڶĺЫƲųĺ˿ͫɨЫѾΪƵȷûκεۼΣǸͷԱߣ߱񽣾һǼӲͷ­ֱӱ룬һöڵħ˳ֻһǱС
дȵħ΢΢䡣
ܹնɱЫȫ߱񽣵ģľâƸƿЫķ

ƺǸӦ˷Ƶ߱΢΢ŷ죬ƺںͷһ㡣
֪У˰ɣ
εĿһ䣬߱񽣲ųȥ
ˣ
ʱһ쳹أΧĿռһŤһɺ嫵ƣӿõԭѾɵķɫǱһƬء

һƿŤĿռȻĴ򿪣һϵӰ֮˳
һĲ£԰ףüʣͬʥɢ޾ѹһ˫â˸˸ͬźǣޱߣƥͬһoӻĹ֮ؽԳɣڲף񷶯첻ϣ£˿һҲɼĲݵ
ɿɣ
ƻ˫ͬѹʮɽĹһ죬Ҫɢһ㣬֮һƬ¡
ѵսʥ
ˣ͵һ
ˣǻĹʱںųսһˣҲΨһһʷϽ´һлܴˣ
սʥû˵Ŀŷƣֱۣһָʱޱߵսľϯͬκˣ񷾪ɫһƬ谵ΧȵɳĮҲ̹ͬ

ĮһУû˿еսʥ³ֻһָһɺսŷƬƬݣޱߵսֱָơ
⾹Ȼǻþ
ܵսѹȼεĹоȻһָ֮Ѿٽ
ۣ
һ˲ֳֵ֣۱һ˫֮սܣͬĨ棬һͦޱߵսŷս
ˣΨ𼸺ΪoĴʥ£ûĿܣôΨһս
ҲҪս
ն
Ƶһоܵܵսȫһ𣬷ӳǿһӭǾ׵һָ
ҲĸԸˣ
¡¡
ޱߵƣײһ𣬾ϺսʥǾƥս⣬ֱӽƵһշನֱͣӽɡ
Ҫô
սϯܹоԼڱѣ飬ţǰһƬͨ
Ǻǣ
һ͵Цڷƶ΢΢һ۾ǰһУõĿࡣ
ɽˮ֮䣬ˮƣֹ滨Ĵ׺һɫСͤͬµٲԱߣڣһ԰׵յƷе裬ü֮䣬¶һĨɫ
ˣٲȻǸղųɳĮ֮УΪսʥǸˣ

˷һۣ֡
ã
һϲ첽˹ȥվǰĹ˹֣Сӷƣݼսǰ
ơ
սʥ΢΢ɨһ۷ƣӨͬһ˫ĿܹһУСӣǱҼߵһˡ
΢ĵ˵ͷ
СӲҪлǰ֣
ϴſЦɬ
սʥû֣һָǽ𣬲ڡ
ǰ
սʥüͷһ
ţ
΢΢һӿϲʦ𣡡
š
սʥĵ˵ͷһָǰʯΣ˵
ǣ
ϲ⣬ѹЩ鲻ԽЩӣȥ
ãս⣬һһģǱɲµҰ
սʥھâ˸˸ԽǴǰ꣬оԽ⡣
Сӣ֪ҵ֮Ѿжˣ
֪
ҡҡͷҲֻսʥΪĹʱڵˣ£Ѿ޴ӿ֤ˡ
Ϊѡһܹ̳սˣѾһǧʮˣ
սʥ¶п˵š
ǰʼʹѡһ֮ˣԼսȥֻǣȴһֱûʵˡ
ǣսĹڵһУҲΪѡһܹʺԼ²ˣ


649 ս
սʥ˶飬ҲǼΪ֮ˣǣսƵʱѾûʱˣ޾źսĹ֮ڣһϸĹؿȴһʵĴ֮ˡ
һȣһǧʮ꣡
УսĹŲ壬ʥ壬֮壬Ҳܹͻ֮ǰȫؿǣһأҲսʥӰ֮ʱȴûܹս⡭
һսⶼûеˣΪսʥλ⣿
ȱģ
սʥһֱûѡ֮˵ĻԭҪһܹһսˣ
Ѿսƣ£ɵۣ
սҲûеˣܹ޵սľأ
ƣ츳棬ս⣬Ϊ⣬ӵּ֮츳ԣѾˡ
ǰϣƺʱԼ

սʥ΢΢Цдһǧʮ갡ڻǸҵȵˣ
֮УһĨĲɣڡ
սʥ۶սνǻԻһǣȴҲвµʴһ²֮Ҳδҵ
ƣգԸԳ
ƣԸ⴫սպ󣿡
սʥ⾼ɫ࣬µʵ
Ը⣡
ƺη壬ֱ˫ӣĵ˵ͷ
ɳĮ֮ڣս뵽˾ն֮Ķ
Ųսӳ֣նܣǸʱ򣬱һ֮࣡
⻹ûսԭ
սʥսǽս⣬õ˼£ӶΪһļ֮һܹɵ۵ĵ·
ÿһۣһּµĴûµļ֮ǾͲд۵
Ϊؼÿһּ£ֻһ۵Ĵڣ
սһȴûۡ
һʷǰļ֮Ŀǰֻսʥһ߹ڣҪһˡ
ã
սʥأվһ˫תâһָڷƶͷʹսҪϸ򣡡
һɲᶨڵս⣬ӿƵԺ֮ڣϸϸⲻͬѰս⡭
սսʥؼΨһһսΪֶεؼ֮ܣ
䣬һɺ嫵սǴӷƵŷ˳սʥջָվЦӯӯĿ
һ򣬾һ¡

Ԩ֮ϣ֮࣬ڳһƬյĹҲס
˵۾ǿŶڵԨ֮£ڵȴţ˭սʥĴߡ
ৣ
һЩаȵӰͻأĳԨ֮ϣɫЩ԰ף֮ȴǴһĨϲ⡣
սѪħӰһģȴһͨģӦǻ˲챦
ɨһڵԨ˿ΧЩĿ⣬˻һĨѪʣת˲ʧ
ৣ
ѪħӰǰŲ뿪һٻӰǸԨ֮ϡ
ϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴á
ǽ磡
ʱ΢һ˿Ǳ»һ绡ֳӨⳤͬһ֮Ůһ㣬ˡ
Ҳϲ⣬ȻڵõĶҲǲûѪħӰֱȥϢվڸ߿֮ϡ
µԨƺ뵽Щʲôü΢΢
ৣ
һ죬һǱӰЩĵĳڸ߿գϻЩǻһĨѪ֮ڳžϲŭɫ
ʣ̫аʥӣ
ƾԼĵƣҲɹնɱһͷľһĻޣ
Ĵۿеƺ˲Ѫ
ৣ
һűϢӰ֣ѪȵζѪֻƺ˵ġ
ĸģȻǽһŵ
󣬱ʥһҵ˼߳βǱʥӡ
վڸ߿գѾаʥ̸ʲôıʥ֮üĿ֮һĨ
Щʵ䣬˶ǳʵֻʵ
һʥҵ߳粢ûпƵӰʱüͷ
ףƾԲǽô򵥣пܣһȥսˣ
ôо
죬ǿҪľĻްԼڶƵ£Ҳûжٰգ
ô


650 緢
ৣ
һƿԨ쳹ϣһǱӰҲǵײײ˳ÿһǴزһĴˡ
һҫ˵ʥӣӵܣʱģõԨϵ˴ʧɫһĴ쳹
սĹ֮ڣɱأȴҲûжԼڿЩǱʥӣսĹĿ£ɵģжң
ûȥԨ
ʥӣҵѳȥΨ·һ
ôû
Щ˼Ѿȫ߳ˣǷȴûټⲻɵ꣬ԵЩ̻̲
һԵŵҲüͷ
ӵ츳츳֮ɣ壬ȴΪõЩܳԷƵĺøҲֱԣƻûɵҲ
εǣҲȥսĹˣʱΨеȴ
һʱܿ͹ȥˡ
ҵ˻ûгʥǱ߻ˣʱѾһ죬Ѿˡ
еΣգȥ˶֪ÿһĻޣǶѿеӲͷûһĵƣȷ档
ԣҲЩˣ󲿷ҲǾһ
ջɵķ˶ģ
Ҳ˶ջԣÿսĹŻڶ֮ˡ
ƣûг
ĳ˰ɣ
ңѾֱӰϣ˽ܹаʥȻ
һʱ仹ûʵѾ˵һУ
ͣ
һ侧ʥЦϴϷʣ˵ǽ찡ҲѹˣڵĻһģʵӣ׶༪ˣٺ١
ֱֻ¶ڱаʥӡʥҲϲЦտǹЦ⣬һӵй츳ĵˣôˣõһɣѹŵĴʯҲȥ
ס죡
ķ磬ЩЦڿ֮һŭʱͱ˳绡˸˸һ˫ӿԣֳֳױԶֱ˦˵ʥӵţûа˼

Ǹʥֻһ죬һǹɭ׵ֱӭױޡ
أ
ױ˦ײǹ⣬ʥӶʱһֱӽƷ˳ȥվסʱҲǴһĨѪɫ԰ףһƬ¡
ԣƺͬһԡ
ৣ
ƲˣٴλӶױͬߣٴָʥӵţƺҪһȫſϰһ㡣
ı£ʥÿһεĶײһѪһɫѾҰֽҲ΢΢ĲţģѾֲ˼ˡ

ϫһո׳ܾϯױ޹ڣֱӷٻ
аʥӶˣ
̫ܵǿӹɣܹپһУҲû⣡
аʥӵҲ΢΢һֱӳ
ԣ˭ϣʧȥȻ

ʱŭüһױֱӵаʥӵš
ɲ»˭
ʱŵҲվߣϢƣһ˫Ѫ˿֣һ׾֮
λ֣
ʥվ˳֮䣬ʥ糱һʱһɫĲҰޱȡ
ȴҲʹ֡
λε飬ǵĲԣⲻˣ
԰׵ϣɴһĨŵЦݣֿĻëɹʱĻìܡ
һ̫ѣҪ̫Լ£
ɨһаʥӣֱ¶һĨǰδйλߵƣһʱ䣬ͬ¹һ㣬ޣ߹η֮ġ
ԷƸҴɱļһûκεĺøУԣҲûҪʲô棡
һ仰õĺɫ࣬˽ǵһ
ɷϵģȷʸ˵仰Ӹղŵаʥӵ̫壡
ߣ
аʥһһ䣬תȥ
ʵȷͬΪս죬Ƚ룬ȴȳѾ֤ʵ֮Ųࡣ
ȥûκκô涷һܻ
£ϵĳȥ
˭õսʥУ
һҵǰһʵ
һ仰˵Ŀ⡣
ʱһ
òᡭ
һĨ⡣


651 ڹ
ʦԣսĹ˵õսʥУǣ˭ȴû֪ʦ֮УҲͿһģ챶ѣ
ڣأ´ˣѾжΪķƣҵˣʥصˣѾȫˡ
˹ĹˣʵȫѾףսʥҪĴߣһʵʥ֮ˣõˣ
ҲΪνһսĹˣڶεԭ
սĹ棬˿Ľңֻгʵܴ
ԣҲ֪ΨսˣпܻսʥĴУԣУΨһ⣬ѪħӰ
һǵ֪ѪħӰǵһӹĹڳˣңϴſϲûаֱͣ·ˣ
ּѪħӰսʥеϣܴ󣬶ңдѾֱžѪħӰõսʥˣ
ĪʵһѪĹ죬ͬѪޱȵаҪǣڶٿ֮ʱ˷Ƽˣʥصˣȫй֮˼
ѪħӰʵͲܹս˾죬ڣõսʥУʱҪԼ鷳˭˿ɵ
Ҫ֪սʥǺųսһĴʥ֮µһˣĴˣǸߵ̳
˼ţ
ԣʱ鱻ѪħӰУǶûкùӳԣ
ԭɱ֮ĵǣڿ֮󣬶Ťͷȥ
˭һӵԵˣ
޿ܣ
ԵԣռȻҪߣûܹ£
£һٵӵԵŮֻѩϼ˪ֻ粻ʱϲˣȻ밡
ȴǲһ
ǿҵĸоȥ˾죬ңӦõսʥУ
Խ룬ԽǾÿԺܴ
һ֮ڵˣעв򵥵ľΪˣҲܲˣƲס
Ÿ˼һЩҵʥӣٵҲ뿪Ԩ
ȻѾȷսʥ֮˵ѡǾûҪٵȥˡ
ţ쿪ʼ֪ѪħӰõսʥĴС
ܿ͹ȥˣѩֻҲӹĹֻŵƺûа⣬ǵЦȴŨ˼֣Ҳû˵ʲôһֱͬǰųǡ
ԺмĻᣬңԶ
ѩЩĲ鲻Ը磬̤˷ֻ̣ȥаųǣŵǷ˽һ塣
ô˵Ҳ壬ĵϱQһСıնɱҲûпܵ顣
Ͼ壬ڻĹʱ֮ڣҲйδսģȻȥܾã֮ļǴڵģ

ѪħӰõսʥĴУϢͬ˳һ򣬼˽֪ʱѪħӰŵ֪ԭԼõսʥĴС
һʣǸʥҵ˴ģǰٿĪ磬ͲԣͲˣҲ֮ͬǰһأûκεĸı䡣
һըԵϢһƬ֮
ʮλʥӴЭ飬һءˣаʥӣʥӣλʥгϣ
ʥӣպʥǵˣǻὫʮʥһô
һεɱ֯ϮɱȻһӴûϵġ
ءˣûвɱ֯û֪ǣء˵ĴڣʥЩ
⡮ء˲һζѣʥܹͶҲԻޣ⻹вʥصĴڡ
ǣһ鴫õ־ŭ
֯Ƿһ㣬ĴɱʥأľӢӵܣмλʥҲܵϮɱ
һķõġءԽԽǿ󣬼ٵͣʥؽǷ׷׼С
ôһгͣ˭Ҳ֪δηڴʥض֮֯жҲ伣ˣƺηôһӴһ㡣
ϣɾаʥأаʥӳΪء˵ⲻʹء֯аʥΪô
аʥأʥأʥأʥصƶ£ءս͡

ɽɾɽʯ죬߹ңֱǧߣһ͡
ˮƼ䣬һС֣ͤһһٶЦ⣬Ʒ;գ˫üһɵս⣬ԶһõĶƵƵͷ
Ѿȥˣս⡭


652 ۡۡ
ս⣬Ķ޾
սʥ룬ϸĸƽһЩδӴĶȫעսʥ˵ÿһμģ
սһսʥһµļ֮սν뾫裬ÿһ仰õķǰһéٿսҲԽԽ
˵죬սʥŽԼսȫгҲûκεı
˵˵ս⣡
еĲ豭սʥһǰ꣬ʵ
ս⣬һ˵־
һ棬ش

սʥǹһĨЦ⣬ʾƴ󵨵˵ȥ
Ҿãսǿһ־ļᶨľ壬սȫޣļᣬս
ƽԼս˵˳ȻֲڣȴԼ⡣
ܲ
սʥͷڿ
ŽӴսһû죬⣬ֵ˵Ϊܹһõսʥޱ⡣
죬ʱǺܹƽģԼôãһͽܣ⣬ѵע˵ô
Сӣ֪Ϊۣ
һתսʥʵ
Ϊۣ
üͷһ֮һƬɻ
ûнӴǵ۱ĴڣҲǷһΣԣ֪Ϊۡ
ֻ˵ܣؼļ£ܹѹһУģҲǺˡ
ҡҡͷʵ˵
˵ûۣؼļ£
սʥǵЦ⣬һص˵ؼļ֮Ϲʱڣּ´ݺᣬģؼһּ£ǲɳԽļ£ԣܵģ
ɳԽ
ɻһ֪⣬Ĳ
磬һϹ֮ʱΪ¶ɾʹ۵ĴڣǲɳԽģԣһͲдˣ
սʥĵΪƽ˵š
ˣ
Ƶ˵ͷҲˣΪξϹʱ֮޾֮ڣҲûôһԻ͵ʱ
ԭܼ򵥣ʱڵˣǲɳԽģǴǸּ֮
ΪǵĴڣԣ۲ԽԽŵ㣬ʱգѾ޴ۡ
ԭǣּ֮Ѿд۵ĴڣѾǼ£䲻ʲôܹڼ֮ϣ
꾪ž޵սʥһԳɵλĿ꣬ŷ֣۵Ѿ
ģҪ죬ȡΪս죬ս˷⵱оȻսһ
սĶ޾һµļ֮
ϲȫרսڸˡս
սһδܹΪ֮
սʥһɪ
ĻĹŵ۾˵һ仰仹˳ɾʹۣս첻ɣ
սһȻǳΣȴһ۾Ԥܹɾʹۣǣһ˵һ޵ġ
սʥûаܸ˭Ҳ˵սһܳɾͼ£ǣʱϣ
ԣҪȫЩȱȥô
ˣ
ٴεͷ
ˣսһΪ۵ܹս޵޾Ϊ£ôٵλ֮ʱ
νأ޼ۣȵ۱Ĺأ
սʥڽ̵ս⣬õĽսⷢӳ
Ҫģܹս⻯Σ
ɳĮ֮ڣսʥƥһָ
ս⣬ΪƻǴھΣʵ״̬
Ƶս⻹
ҪսǿԼս
սʥôģ뵱սʥΪߵս⣬Բ۾֣˹Եһʣ
һ£ڳսĹ֮󣬾֮ͭűɽ֮ڣټպսĹһ˵
ʦߺã
ƹھ֮ǰߵ֮վһͦһȵսǼӿʦģҲʧģ
ԣ
߳ڵԨ֮ڣ֣ѾָһƬţûа̡
Ӧǻռ˰ɣ
ûм磬΢΢Щʧ䡣
һ뵽ԼǰҪԵ飬Ҳûô˼ȥ˼ˡ
أ½֮һ˼´ۣʥ˽룬ҲΨ·һ
ڣƱҪһˣȡͷ
л˵ɡ
ĺ˿֣ó߸ĵͼҵ˱֮λãûԥ׼˷λǼȥ
ΣڱصãϣǸڵСϣϣܹٴЧ


653 ߲
أڱϽǣ֮㣬ԲǧҲһƬأ궾γ죬֮Ԩй޲
ٱߵһУ΢ѯһ֪ȥԼҪµʱ䣬һ߸·һռйرصϢ
˵һoĵģе϶棬ԣ֮ڣо綾֣ǧŲɢܹɱһУ
֮ػز˶٣ߣʥҲû취Ҵ棡
⣬ڱ֮ڣ˱ͷּ¶֮⣬һǿΪ֮ѵʥ
߲
һܱιʥĹЧҲǼΪ죬ܹΰٲ򶾣ǱͷĶҲܽ⣬Ĳ֢֮ҲΣ
ɼ綾֮ԣнҩ
ھ綾߲һжĽҩΰٲ
Ҫģ
ʣ˭޲ǵ˲֢֮ܣҲ䣬ԣ߲ļֵ˳
޼֮õɾǶһ
벻仹ѹ־Ȼܱٵλι
Ƹп֮ڳһĨ档
ⶫɵũҩˣ
ڸУҲ֪ˡء˵Ϣʱǳ˼֡
һıһҪʥ̲ı
֯ɺϵһδγ֣ɾ˼£Ÿʥؼ֮ڡ
ڣϿаʥأʵȻһǵϹᲢ۵ĴҪڣƾаʥأ棿
ء˾ܾ˹˵ļ룬ΪʵѾˡ
ʥأ
ʱ򣬷Ƽɣɱ֯ѵ˰Ūģ
ⲻûпܣңһҲ̫ˣŸʥؼ롮ءˣԵ˵ǰٺһ飬ΪƫƫҪʱȥɱЩӢӵأ
٣
΢΢䣬ھâһ
뵽˶Ը˵ð취
ܹ֤ʵɱ֯ʵǹڰģô˲̲ЩʥأңΪڶͷŵˣ
ֻǣҪҳ֤ʵ̫ˣң˵ɱ֣г޻أԣ޷׷ҵ֤ݡ
ֻһ취ҵɱֵĴӪ

ৣ
̶ƿ쳹һӰʣǣһԵĺۼ
ѾǸ·ĵʮˣһ·ϣƸûôͣͷҲһͷҲһûҪΪʱ䣡
ڹգһƬسڷǰ
಻ϵɽͬɽ֮УںڵĶ𣬽յĹҲΪ֮ڸǣؼ䣬ڳһƬͬһƬħһ㣬ӰأаħӰڴܶġ
ǱħҪֲٱıأ
ৣ
Σվһò֮ϣƣͬһ˫ħֱű֮ڡ
һǳƽСɽ£ȴǱصĺģԣҲעĲǴСɽ棬ƿ˱ͷĴڣ
һι״ɫСȴһɱŵ֣ͷ
Ƭ꣬£һдЩۺ죬ڰɫмл٣ΪǳɫΪīɫӨҡȥûʲôͬѰĵط
⼸ͷĲԶƱ㿴Ǵ˵еʥ߲
һɫС̼Ҹߣ֦ͷöԶ߲ʹâӨӨ˸˸ͬһ㣬ΧīһĶҲȥΧһȣСԵЩ룬ƺ򶾵ĿǣΧضκβ
кһ룬ƹƣĿǰٶȣҪ嵽ǴСɽ£ҲҪһʱҡ
ʱüͷǽ
һϣ
˾Ϊ˵ֻ峿֮ʱصĶβŻ΢ԣǾǸʱڣ
ɨܣһɽͫɨһڣûзʲô޵Ĵڣŷĵ˽ȥ
һƤƱȥóһҩǿʼ̷
ǸصĺɫСòϵĻǾֻƾڵũҩˣԣҪģǴҩԱʱ֮衣
ţ
֮䣬һö˸ɫӳڷģ΢΢һ֮öӾԨлл׶׸ģӦϹڤҪĶ


654 ޴ջ
ɫӣһƬ޼ʣԶһһĴڣһҲɼıס޷԰Ρ
ΪöӵĴڣɽڵ¶ʱ㼱½䣬ǾӨһƬ
ԪƲŻĻָҲɵһ
ʵ̫ˣԶԶ˱쾧
⾿ʲôأ
ֱڣҲ֪ɫӾʲôѩ˵ⶫԼôǣʲôãȴΪ˶Բû˵
ѵĿ
۾һЩĶ
ɣѩʦѾ֪Լ֮ˣӣӦǶдã
˼䣬ǿʼ񡭡
ܾ𡭡
ˣ
ʱһֱŲбһ޼ʵתͬһںڶһ㣬ױȵƸû취ƣɫӱǴһܽ궳ֱۣͨ͸ԪУֱӾͽ뵽֮ڣڵת
ʱ򣬿ɾͿ˷ˣ
ȫһƬ˪ѪҺ챻ˣеʮֹֻϸĻҲ½˼㣬΢΢Ƕһ㡣
ৣ
ССǴ˳ͣڲԶ
СȻû£һĶŷеöɫӣһ˫ڣһĨ޷ѹֵľϲ
СͲһˣ¶һ˪ˣ˼Żָһ˫޼ʵӣö֮ʱһĨĺ뾪塣
꣡
һ죬ӵֱѿѺۣʺļ¶˳Ѫȴͬһ㣬û䣬¶ǳ̶ֳȲһĹѣǿɲ

ʹưһһͼͬʱ¶˳
ˣ
ͼתỊַ̄ƵȫҲ̻صʱѪҺʼⶳѿ˿ڻѪ
ũҩ£ܿģǻָֻб˪ѣ
ʲô
һƬ¡
쾧ʱѾƷĳ̶ȣټͼĴڣǿĵסʴ
̫ǿˣ̫ԵˣǷûͼֻҪ
ǣڵУȴһβʣȫ֮ɸɾûаõķƷ
ڣֻܵſˣȻ
һɫ뵽֮һУڻָɽڵ¶ҲĻ
ͬʱһͣ˽Ųڸ߿գһ˫֮ڣ¶һĨĴ㵡
ô£ʥϾȻʧˣ
ૣɫʼ˪ǳ˳飬ѵ˽ʥˣ
ʱ纮ϢӶϯ˷Χһо࣬һƬӨͬѩء
ģôܣһʸ޷ʥҲҪʥУѵʥʱǱʥ֮˼񵽣
ϵɫԵЩĪ˼䣬һӳԺڡ
ˣ
һۣ˷ƣǻɣ˴ӷʥ
ΪϣûиоʥܵĲ
ģ˭˭ʥҾͽ˭
ؼ䣬صŭƺЯ캮˪ٵĳĳȥ
ߺûãһͨӰ˳
ǻ壬л׶
ˣ
ҲЩɻ󣬽һ֣ٺ٣ǸãȻǿʥҾͲõˣڤѾƿɣǸʥضټɣǸʱҾ޷ˡ
ֻǣ˭أ
ֹű˪ӵķ׷ȥ

ɽ֮ڣƤ֮ϵķ۾֮ڣһƬâˣͬһħһ㡣

ĬĬתܾһɫָŷʱΧһƬѩأӨһƬ½¡
Ȼܹã
һСɫһƬϲ
ûѾɵֻǱһԵתܾû뵽ɫȻܹڳΪã
Բܣ
ЩӲֱۣƲϲ
ܹаʥӵ̫ܣǰܣֱܹݻеķָɫĸоȴǲ̫ܣ


655 ֲ
ĵȷȷɫƥ쾧ںϵҲ޷֮ȣʩչʱԷƵʣͼ壬ҲܵӰ죬Ҳ˱˪ɼ֮
ԣƲжаʥӵ̫ܵܣ
ϲзڣƼԸ￾ѣȴǻһʥԵӵһֲܵоһ㣡
ʱѾˣڤҪĶ
ƹƣӦþǺʥһ㣬ȻǣڵѾﵽʥܵĳ̶ȣ
ʱǷƵľܹȥѾܹӲ̫аʥˣ
ڣӵʥӿĵˣ

Ц֮ɽ֮ڴľҰ⣬ԵĺΪͻأΧһЩС޽ԱߣŻ̵̻ɫǴɽƺסŸħͷһ㡣
վӳ⣬վһʯ֮ǰͣ˽Ųɫһ࣬תܾѸٵӿ˳õԭҲһ󣬶Ľ£ΧҲǽ˪
ǣ
սڷͬĳ˸ɫȭͷ͵ĳǰľʯȥ
飡
һľ죬ǧľʯֱըɷĩһ޿ԭأ֤ʯڹ
ֻǴһȭƣ
˻
ûü̾ܣԼ͵һһֱͣתܾû˶ȪԴԼ˻֮ڡ
Ŀǰʣ֧ת⻹ҪӵĴУֻϰӦˣǾûжˣ
ѽѽ
ӰСվͷϣžϲɫָֻŵĽţƺڱȻЩʲô
Сռ˷ƵһͷǵĥŷƵգʾȡ
Ǻǣˣ
ƴ΢Цĸ˸ǳƬתͷһϵСʵ˵Ǹӣ
ѽѽ
Сƴĵͷ֮ڴŴߴ١
ѵܹˣ
һ֣óǸڵС
ܾٴתɫ˳˫֣һƬ˪

۳޴ƴһ˸˫Сһ
ɿɣ
䣬һɫǺ죬ͷһ˫ֱ֮ϣѪͬ̾ᣬ΢΢ӴѾȫ
ӵɫļӳ£С˿
СڴİȥȻɫԻ
ҿ
ܾٴμתɫӿ˳Ƶһ˫ֱ۽һƬ˸˸䣬ռбŷ죬˫Ҳ˵棬ǿľʹΧĵҲЩ
ˣ
ȻûпǣȴǸоޱȵСһ˿ɶʱ
ҿ
ٴΣɶĸо


һһεĳԣȻɶǣȴѾû˿ȡ

һʱ󣬷ƴŴͣϺ˪üëȾɰɫأЩòŻָ
ǲУ
ҡҡͷӵӳ֣ȻиɶҲͽ˶ѣ
һҪܴô
ָоӷͬСɣҪˣ
ܱܵҲ޷֮򿪣ʵѾ˵һС
зƸܹжϳĿ£
Ƶֻ»һܣ
ȻСûܴ򿪣ǣȴ÷ƿ⣬֤صСܹ򿪵ģ
󣬷»صɽ֮ڣũҩҩԣ״ֱ̬ʳһĨǳɫ
Ҫˣ
ĺ˿վǳȥ
ͬħһ㣬Ӱصıأûаԥֱǰȥֱߴͣ
ŨĶΣͬˮһĶţΧźԵһȦһƬݲƬҶ
֣ٴóǸصСںУΪ˱ũҩҩԣƸǣŽС붾εķΧڡ
䣬ڵڴŻΪŨŨʧ䡣
ܹѹĪСںУѹǰĶΣͬҺһҩԱʴĳ̶ԵĶΣѾԨĵĶᲢˣ
ֻƾũҩˣ
СӣƱǿʼҩԣȫڣ˿̤˱صķΧ


656 
ৣৣ
ڵ춯ƱǸоСС򲻼ټתͷǿڽصıԵϽ롣
΢΢һ㶣ԭ
ⱱ֮ڵĶܹɱһУ츳֮ڵĻֻҲֻ·һ
Ҫ֪ʥҲ޷⣬СȻҲ⣡
á
΢΢˿СӦԣԼܳѾķƣԻ߽֮ڡ
Сһһޣ޾һУͬʱʵ壬ȴûκεĹ
ʵǹĺܰ
ڣһƺҲԸڡ
ѵһﾹȻ¶ܣ
ЩɻСҲûпаη֮⣬ԣӦòԭŶԡ
ԭҲȥһȻԸ룬ȻǵɣҲԸǿЩǡ
ȥղǸɽң
ƶСС򽻴֮󣬱ǹһٴ̤˱֮ڡ


֮ڣη䣬һͬˮһܣɱһС
ĳ֮ɼⶾεĳ̶켶
һеĺģмǴСɽ£һܵϯܣΧ㾰
֮ڣһΪɫīһ㣬ľΪӰҡקڶġ
ӰصĽ֮ڣһƵӨԶٵ
ǽ֮ڵķƣ
һóҩϿʳҩģһٸ·˲ƣ켶ҩԻ壬ΧߵĻǱȽɡ
ԽǽӽΧѹԽԽˣͬϫһӿıųҩԼƻڣ⣬Χʮ֮һ·̶ѣ
ɼ켶ҩʦҲܹΧ·̵ģΧֻ¾ҩʦľ棬̤֮Ҳܹȫˡ
ǼͬʵһĶܣƺܴѹоũҩܹ۳ʵҲܹ֮⡣
ڲ켶ҵҩԣӦòԿǰĶܡ
ৣ
Ϊ˽ԼڵҩԣƵĽŲûͣһֱ壬ڰʱ֮Χ򡭡
ǰһƬܵĺ󣬶ѳʵʣˮһĶ֮һһҲԵĺнࡣ
Ƭ֮ܺǰƻ˽Ųͣ͵ˡ
һֱҩⶾ֮ڣڵҩĵ̫ˣÿһӾͻϰҩҩԣԣȫϡ伶ҩڲ䣬Ȼͱݾˣ
վΧӽΧĵشƵҩԣƻڣ޷ɢ촽ɫҲЩڡ
жļ
ÿһεĳѹǼģÿһΣһЩʴڣΪڽ֮ڣԣûһʱȥЩʴĶܣֻĬĬĳţ
֣óһҩ
ʥҽʥصΪ׼ģ
û˿ԥֱӽҩͣҵĽ˼£ȥʱһϢǰһЩĶҲ˳ȥһˬ

ͬҺһҩӿ˳һֻڣ΢ԥǽֻƳΧͬһĶ̽ȥ
Ҫ̽һ˵˽һΧĶܾжǿᣬԲߣ
Ͼʱ仹а֮࣬Ҳһʱ
֪֪ˣɹļʲŻӣ
ֻǣȴʧˡ

ҩƣ˳ˮһĶܣǽӴһ㣬ˮĶ̸ֱ˹ֱӾͽ˽ȥ
ͬʱأĸŮһʹĲҰףƺʧʲôҪһ㡣
ǺƸ磬ѵƸˣ
ĺһƬ̻̣ŵǡ
³ԿУǴ֪аƲھ磬аڣûκεıϣ
Ѿ˱صô
Զʣ߿૳һ㣡
ĬĬı˫ˮۿ
飡
űƿҵ˽վѩǰѩƣŻ̻̲ɫʵӣңǲȥǸˣ

ѩ̾һ֪٣ȴ˱Ļô
ģģôôɵأ֪ɵɵȥ
粻ϵҡͷ죬ˮӯ
С磡
ѩ˫֣˵ҪңȻ޷δǣǸˣ
ô
ˮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
Ȼ
ѩ϶ĵ˵ͷ


657 

ͬһƬ嫺һĶ֮ܺڣһ㣬һƬڵڣֽ촽ںڣգüͷƺĪʹ
ͬ棬ÿһȫλĿ壬ͻΪ˻ҽڣֻǣ棬һĨӨâڵŶܵʴǣޱ޼ʵĶ̫׺ǹһߣ뵽ڣƻſɼһУ
ˣ
һũҩһҳҳĴ򿪣ϵķ鵤ζŷһͬϪһҩԣȥ޸űʴĵط
ֻǣȴҲǱˮнûжЧʴ˽ͬȳһ㣬ĿһС
ˣ
ŵͼԽԽƺʱܻɢɢǷƾһʧأֻ·һ
ֻǣڵʶѾԣܶҲ㣬޴ӵֻĿŶ뵽ڣƻһС
ѵôˣ
ŽڽõҩԣһĨŨŨĲʣ
Ҳ
ҪȴѾľ֪һҲܶ
ɶ񰡣
ôҲûԤϵⶾܷӦ˵ļңһֱӽԼ룬Ӧ
̽˶죬ȴûеõκϢΪܹ뵽Χģض켶ҩʦңӴˣѾȫˣ
綾󣬳̶Ҳ켶۷壬ȻҪ켶۷壬ҩʦľ棬ʱ˳ֻҲֻ·һ
ƴʱڵҩԲ켶׶ѣũҩҩԱȽ⣬ͼ壬ڵһʱ䣬ͻᱻܿɸɾ
ڣҲò˶٣ӣҩԽڽںˣͼҲӽ̣ҲûʴһڵСףǿֲ
ˣ
ɽ֮ڵСƺܵƵϢڼɴܳ⣬һ˫ˮӣֱޱ޼ʵĶκ
ѽѽ
СҲ˳֮˸żңſСǺҵĽлţƺЩʲô
ô
СƺС˵ʲôŵĲ΢΢£Ըܹû¡
ѽѽ
СǶȥë׵ϴԻŭƺŷƲŶá
ƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬ͻأİ˫ޣɢĪϣһԵСʱɪɪڵأ֮ڴηɫë׵ǿһoһ㣬һҲҶ

֮ڡ

ʥҲ޷صϿգͻأľѿһڵĿӣһӰ˳غĵƽɽϿգǴݵ߶ţͥһ㡣
һӣһƬƽûκεȥһͨû
ǣȴʥҲ飬ΪƺѹӰ첻
Żɫ˫ͬǺΰɫ£ͬһϹo
µ棬һ۾ͿǼͺͺʱһɫ˱仯˭͵ҵλιȻҶҲһƬϹϽҹ

һĴЦƽɽ֮ڴ˳׹ܡ
㻹ЦƨزסûãѹֵҪѹ÷
Щ߳ŭĺǳһݣЩҧгݺʵ˵ļҵ˸͵ҵιҲƤˣ
ٺ٣ôȷҪƤ
дһĨ֮⣬ƺֻӳԱһ㡣
ʲô˼
ƺ֮⣬΢΢һ󣬱ϵĶֱ࣬ƽɽƺһС
ӵǵˣ
Щصɽ֮д˳滹һĨ֮⡣
ʵ
ɫһ䣬һ࣬ٴʵ
ٺ٣Ȼ뵱һֱߣϢôϴ
дһЩ⣬ʮǰҸӦϢ٣ûһƷ⣬ʮ꣬Ǹҵˣ
˼̳ǣ
ĬĬһе֮ŵʱ䣬ʱһ𣬾
û
ʮֵļᶨһżζ˶ˣڸҵȵˡ
ǰ
Ҳ΢΢пǱǹһĨЦ⣬ϹǵĻԻʱֽˣ


658 Ӫ

ųĴЦصĺĵ򴫵˳õһЩڽرԵΪ֮Ȼ
֮ھȻᴫЦ
ֱõǵͷԶ·һʱزЦɢǱ㶼ǵǻþѣȻ˵ȥҲԻᱻΪͷ⣡
أǴ½Ľأʥ˽ȥҲֻ·һЦ˿췽ҹ̷

Ϲò˵ιǸժȡ˰ɣ
Ц֮Ǽͺͺʱüͷһ
Ȼ
϶˵Ȼұѹڴˣǣм˸ܵҵĵҰ
гţ
ӲûзƲƲǣʵϹμŽʲô飿
飿
һ㶣żĴеȥ˶ĵ̣ڵ˶ܵʴϽȥȻˣ
ĵ̣
һ㶣ǱߣȥǸ
˵Ů϶塭
ĪĿĵ˵
ʲô
۾һɣʧȥ˴ݣƺǼһ㣬϶壿
ţҵķϢģԲҪͷ壬ȥ˱ء
ԭ
һĨ⣬²˳٣ˣ
һֱ֣ӻ䣬ռͬһ㣬ֱӸ˺һ̤뵽ڵռڣռǻָԭҲָƽƺʲôҲûзһ㡣


ܵͬĳɱһУֻ꣬Ҫ붼ûдĿܡ
꣡
һ죬ڷؿڵͼڶܵĲʴ³׵ıѣɢΪޣڡ
ã
ѣвãΪ޷ȴҲֻĿޱ޼ʵĶͬȳһɶ
ˣ
ϴһʹֻܱ

޾ĶܣͬѹѹһƬȳ棬ٶ֮ϵļֱӱɸɾҲڱš
ţصвŷƣһͷԺȴûһõϵģҪȡιȴָͷһµҲ
ͽϾ

һ̶ƿ𣬶֮ڵĿռͻأıһɫӰ˳޾Ķ֮УΧĶȴʮ׵ĵطͱ룬޷ӽ
ǳ֮ڵǸӡ
øϵˣ
Ưڶ֮ޱȵķƣӵǣһĨƺЦ⡣
ʱȴѾǵ鲻ˡ
һֻһֻΪƽƣİ˼ڣΧЩܹɱʥ˵ĶܣȻͬһ㱻׵ɢȥ˿ѾһץǲƵǱȡ˹
ʵ̫ˡ
ӲûмŶʩȣ´ŷǱʴǧٿ׵һĨʵζƺܵôһ㡣
治ҪأⵥС壬Ȼðʧܵĵٴζǻð
˫֮ӹһĨâƺѾȫһ㣬ʱǵЦŨˣѾں֮֮ռֻ֮ǣ
塭
Ӹпһ
ĿɨԪвλʱ򣬶ʱ֮ڱһĨ𺳣һʧ˶ӡȻѾصˣ
һޱȵͼӨ貣ƣΧһĴ̾ᣬɢǵ̣ǿƥӣʱɫҲ
ȻӡǷǳ˲õĶҲҪΪ֮ɵĶ
ӡڣȻⶾôң
һ㶣ǳ˳飬ΪɵĵѵϹȻûиӡã
ˡĳ滹ǲడٺ٣
ӺЦһٳֻһָһӨָųû뵽˷ڣʱһںڵĶǴӷǲƵɢ˳󣬾ǣϵĴҲۿɼٶڸԭš
ƺ֪Ƽѣɫһٱ䣬ڷǰıһŴŸĪЦݵӡ
ԭѾһƬޱ޼ʵĺڰУûãһҫ۵Ĺֱӽͷϣ΢΢۾ٴ۾ʱѾصУǰ


659 ӡ
ѵǻþ
ǰµӣ΢΢һǿԶϷĶܳϫԼѾָû˿壬ʱһ㶣ЩԼ۾ŬҡҡͷȴǷΧһûκεĸı䣬ǾҲѾ˰ɣ
ܹɱһеĶܳϫԼǲƵĲٲƵȴ»ָԭȵڸʸһ¥ˣ
пܻ鷢ô
Ҫ֪ⱱڵĶܣʥ˶ܹɱģôܻᱻңһƺǰƽɵġ
ķĿ⣬΢΢˳飬ɫ䣬Ŀ˵û
û
һ㶣ֱ˦ܾԪҲУҲͨͨڻһĲʱӿһĨϲû
ѵң
ǰ΢Цӣһѿʵ
أһʥҲ޷УǰȴܹգһڱصΧңΧЩĶܣȻΧε
˵Ϊжôֲ
ֻ΢һ룬бһƬȻʱֻ쳹
o
ûǰӣһϹoһ㣬ǴԵɨӣֻһͨ˶ѣǣϸĹ۲죬ͻᷢΧһǿģ
ܽ嫺һĶɢȥ֤ʵǿ̶ȣѾǵһǳֲľأ
Ȼ
Ӻܷǽӽ羴Ŀ⣬Ҳźۼ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôϵĵ
лλǰȣ
һмĳ˹֡
Ȼ֪Ϊλ⣬ΪλԼǣȴ֪һ㣬ӲԼԼֻ¾ͻⶾ֮ˣ
Ǻǡ
Цһŷһϵеоֹ֮һĨ⣬˵һС¶ѣҳݣңʵⶾܣԼͿԽ֮ɢ
Ҳԣ
һ㶣ɻĿ
Ǳ⻹ذٱĶҲ
䣬һ˫ͫͬǳ磬ֱŷƣƺѾơ
ֶ
ԣ΢΢һ΢΢˼һ뵽һĴڣѿ˵ѵӡ
챦СģңķԼľѪŽ֮֮󣬸ǰԵĽµ۱߱񽣡һߣԼռԪм䣬⣬Ѿ˵Ĳңʱѩƺ˵ӡܹؼĸΪãһܹλ
ûӡ
ӵ˵ͷһЦĿ
ৣ
ּ䣬һƬӨ貵ӡǳڷ֮ϡ
·ӣĴͬһ㣬֮ڱŷ֮ġ
޾µĳţӡҲ˻˷׶Σˡ
΢Уھâ˸һĨпɣ
뵱꣬ӡһϵ£鳼һӡٹǿݣǺεȵľʱգȴǷѣвɲһǰ㣡
Ҫָ̫ˡ
΢˿һɨۣǼΧͬ嫺һĶܣʱһǶŷ˵ֻҪӡĶܶ˵Ͳ谭ˡ
лλǰ棡
ΪѩѣҲѾ뵽ȥл֮ɫֳӡһӡ
ˣ
ʱӡԲ̱һ·žӨ͸⣬ĪĴϣȫԲΧ̾ĴڣʱǱһҫ۵ĹâԲ̶ڡ
໣
һһĿƬĴһƬ貵Բ֮ҡקֶХ죬쳤
ΧĿռǵһỊ̄ſ죬һɼǿ˳ΧЩȵĶܱܵͬϪһ㣬ֱӹ֮ڣʱϵӡǿʤ죬ƺǼʶʱܴͷ
ৣ
һʱΧǻõķ뵽˶֮ڣ֮ʱӡ֮ڳĴһҡֱӽڣӿǱɵһβʣ˿Ӱ첻


660 ԼŰ
໣
̧ףˣĴڣ죬ܹɱʥ˵϶ܣȻΪ֮ɣҿǿ
ȻĿԡ
֮£Χ޾Ķܸ˷ƵӿһĨ޷ѹֵĿϲ֮顣
ӡȻܹؼκεⶾҲɣ
Ƿû뵽ģ
ǰĴһƬԶƺǿӡĻԻʱڡ
ţ
ƺӦʲôһ۱غĵСɽ£üͷ΢壬Ƕŷ˵λСѣһ£ˣ
˵գҲȷ˵мĻֱӻ˿ռ䣬ƿնȥϣֻ·һˡ
ӡıӻȴǲõΧЩˡ
һˡ
⻮ռĶһľипһ
Ʋ֪ӾרԼģֻǡ·ǡ·⻹˵ĹȥרԼͶȥˡ
иƫߣֻǡ·ѣ

ٴɨһѾ壬Ƴĺ˿֮һĨ𺳡
ȥժͷˣ
һ۽޼ʵԵЩԾԡ
ӡ壬ҪǶܵĴˣʧȥܵвⱱأƽأͥô
ৣ
˼䣬Ʊǳűغȥһ·ȥͬˮǱͧһ·˷ˣ֮ܶǱһ·ֱĵش

ӡֳƬ̺һ˫ź˫ͻأĳ˱غĵСɽϵİգֱŷڵء
Ȼӡ
Щ˻ƵŨŨĲ죬ǷڷƲԶӣǾȻôڱأ
ѵ
˫ƵĺӣٴηڷϣҪϸһʱһӰ˫֮ǰ
Ϲʿɶֹ
΢Уֱ˫ӣɢΣյϢƺʱܷһ
ʿɶֹ˵˰ɣҵĵ̣
˻ƵĴСɽ֮ڴ˳ƺҲɲӵвңһЩв֮⡣
ȷĵ̣
ߣ
һâһ˵ԼԣǸаˣҾԻεĶ
ᶨɱȻɫ£ް㿪Ц˼
㣡
˻ƵΪ֮Ȼ뵽Ǹ꣬гֵĿӡ
뵽ĳֿܣڿӵʱ˫Ҳ΢΢
ôǰӾԻô
㣬ţ
ߣ֪Ϊطô
˵䣬ӵ΢΢һ䣬ʵ
Ϊ߲
˻Ƶ޵ĺȵ
Ϲûô߲ʲôô
ӲмƲƲ죬Ŀ⿴Ǽö˸߲֮ʱҲһḬ̃
˵߲ζǣȴһֱû
ûãȷǡ
˻ƵЩŭǣ뵽ʲôȥˣô
ǣ
һطǸεľôħ򶼱ǿϰٱҸ㣬Ů϶壡
ʲô
˻Ƶ͸¶˼ľȡ
ãϳ϶壬ʲôҪͷ壿
ƲƲǣһĨϷʡ
϶壬ȻڷŮϣǲ˵һ֣
⡭
˻Ƶ޷
ĵȷȷ϶壬˭ܳܵ˱ͷĶԣ
߳طԼӦô˰ɣ
˵䣬Ӵһ˫ӣһռ飬ֱ˽ȥ
͵ţǸһ֪ô
Сɽϵ˫ɢ٣Ƭ̺ΧĶܱ࡭

Ź˰ʱǽӽĵشˣңѾܹǴСɽµĴˣʱǷŻ˽Ų
֣Ķôô
ǰľ÷ЩԼ۾
ǱصĵشǣĶȴΧŨȲ࣬Һ״ˣţƾũҩ䣬Ҳ֧
֮ΪڷͫʱǿƬĶŨĻֱܹʵˣ
ѵҿˣ
΢΢ɻ


661 ժ
Ϊ֤ԼûпһֻһһҩԱǴָŷ΢΢Զ䣬ΧЩͬĶܱǱɢȥ
ôģ
ǰһڸ߷ƣⲻǻþЩ޷ţⱱصĺĵȻģ
ҲûӡԷⷢ
ΧĶѾǵ̣ǣƻǲҵģС߶һ˫ڣɨܣƣϵܣеͬһʵۣԶ¡
ܿģͽӽСɽµλãΪ˱ͬϴһóһõĳ˽ȥ

һߣڵϣ˼Ȧͣڶܵʴ£ܿǧٿףΪõĳ
󣬷ֽΣһʱСĵһţ̤Сɽ·Χ֮ڡ
ô£صĺĲӦǶܵԴͷôôܱģ
ϸ̤̤µĵ棬˸оЩһģһõķƲЩɡ
ѵҵʱˣ
ҡҡͷûȥ룬ϾǱصĺĵشɲһܹĵط
ڴıӻ£ֱӳǼ걱ͷȥһ·ϣûзʲô⡣
ɫСȥƽһеķ㣬·ߵСҰҲûʲô𣬵ǣżɭȴӡӻôƿ϶жö
Խǿƾ;Щ٣ҲС
Ѿĵڶˣ
ʥ˽Ҳĵ򰡣ԼȻô׵߽ˣ
ȻǸصӳֻ֣¡
ʱڶڵƾһľ壬ĿԼָоĺܲܡ
񣬷֣ó߸רУһרƵУСĵĿͷ
ৣ
лӶ׼ȷĽͷ׼õڣ󣬷ѸٵĽиǺá
һûƲ΢ĺ˿ٴóһժȡ䱱ͷͣ
ϾͷⶫҲ˭ܹõģƣСΣûмܹܵ˱ͷĶԣ

պ֮󣬷Ʋķ
ˣ
ɨһΧûȥ̽顣
ţصĺĻһƵأΪĳ⣬ǸûĿܡ
߲
·֮ʱƻ˽ŲƢķ㣬Щˡ
Ȼʥ
عһĨпɨһܱǳȥóУʼժȡ
¡¡
ڷժȡö߲֮ȥժöʱͻСɽ¾ȻҵĻζһĲȣֱӱСɽµķΧµ˶֮ڡ
һֱӡдӻȻ
ã
˻ڰգǾûκεԥֱӰȾܣֱӳΧȥͷҲһء
̰ĵСӣΪ϶һҪÿ
˻Ƶг˷߿˷䣬һͬʵʵĶܣǴСɽµĵѸٵ˳Ƭ̣ǳ˶ܵĺ

ʶ࣡
߿֮ϣһ˫â˸˸۾һֱű֮ڵĶֱ̬ƽµ߳Χشɢ

ৣ
ӰӹڵĽӷ˳վһʯ֮ͣ
ã
ƽĳһĨļ¡
ղСɽͻأĲȷõһ亹
ǿǱصĺİǰ춯һ㣿
ͫٴοǴСɽ£Ƿ֣쿴ľһģһǷڵĶܣͬʵһ㣬ԶԶĿҲһ޾ѹȸС
ôѵÿʱͻ䣿
Ѿգ˼
һĴӡ֮ڣǰ̣ипǧⶫпôɵڶ֮ô
ӡȡ죬춼£οأ
ৣ
ƿ֮һһӰ˷ߣķû£С΢΢˿СǵĥŷƵա
ˣ
ٴλһ޼ʵıأƸΣűųǷȥ
ȻӡӻҲȥðˣ߲ôǺֻܴóȥ룬û˭ܹջԲժȡ˼ö


662 ˫
ڸϻرųǵ·ϣƲû̫ļΪεѾˣֻҪһµʱ䣬ܹصаųǣȥȴһ·ϰӦĴڣ
һ·ϣûнκһУҹҪô·ҪôһɽϢЩʱ֮ڣûܾͣתԣɫһֱڲϵÿһϸһʼĲӦѾᶯͽˡ
˵˴󻡶ȵңѾϰӦĴڡ
ӵʥܵĺôʵʵٶϣǶǳżģ
ЩƸᣬʵǿȣһֱۿɼٶڷٵţңģѾоԼͽҪͻһˣ
ż죿
룬Щ壬ʥ壬ΪжôĿֲˣ
ڷȴѾӵʱˣǷȱľʱѣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬϶׷ЩʥӵĽŲ
ţ

ҹǵ׺¸߹ңҰ⴫һ޺ģ˲
һɽڣƤ֮ϣâ˸˸һƬССԶԶģԸӽ

ڣɫڷƵĿ£һһεϴβ׵λļϴӵһƬͨ͸һ㣬ӨһƬ
ôţޱϲ״̬ɫһƬ£
״̬һֱ賿
ţ
һ֮ڴ׵ľ˷ƣϸϸĸо֮Ƿβ׵λ
ѵҪͻˣ
ôһָоһĨϲʱǼӴϴӵǿȣϵĳˢǼؼǡ
һֱôţԼһʱҡ
ˣ
һβ׵λŷһǿ⣬ţ׵΢΢ĲһӨӨ֮⣬ƺڰֱɾ졣
ţ˱һ״̬֮УϹһĨ̹Ц⣬ڣһӨӨ֮⣬˷һ˯ССǱ˹
ָоԼʮӣǵȴȥ
ͻˣ
۾һĨâӹЩϲ³
ͻһŶ̶̲ĸʱ䣬ʹһ˶㾳磬ٶȣûжܹģ

վĶӣʱһǴλ˳쳹ɽָոս״ǿĸоõϲһĨԡ
ֲǿĸоҪģ
ֻǿߣƿԼˣҪľǣǸܹƿԼ˵ˣ

³һڵǱļᶨˣ
ৣ
죬һŰӰڣһӰܽڡ
ƴҹ·һ·ϵĸ޶Ǳնɱָ֮ٴλص˱ųǡ
ȥһסĿͷȴǷѾһǰ˷ˣʱв΢΢ЩȻ
һ뵽͵ܳģвȻջסһڶ峿ֱ֮Ӹȥ͹
˾侧֮󣬷ƱվһԵȺ򣬲ʱ˴ˣһ˽뵽˴֮ڣʻ޼ʵռ֮ڡ
аһˡ
ĬĬıǿȣĳˢÿһ䣬Ҳڻ˷ʱ䡣

ʳʥɽ֮ڡ
ȥҲѾһˣ£ȻҲ³ѹȥû˸Ҵԣ˵ʱڳˣ˸Ͳ֪ôˡ
һʱڣϡ㡢ͯ壬˽ѾһУѾһ۷ˣҲѾһ㣡
ΪǱԣ׵ٶȻҲң³ԸŪһƷı쾧֮ǳɹĽһ
һ㣬ŮʱѾһλ߸ϵ𣬵ʥɽ˴֮󣬼ٹˣ
ֶһλӻ
ܶ˶ڴǸ漣Ϣ
ػûѾڣյʢ
ѾǵǸԱевСˣΪҵĴڣںʳ֮ڣѾûκῴˣ
С˿ڽ֮ԪĴȱѾﵽ˼Ʒ̶ȣȻǲͻһ֮Ҳͻ˵һ


663 ֮
죬ǷƵʥɽԺ֮ڣֻСħסˣѾ뵽޷֮ڣңްҲѾԼ
ڣϵѾްǰ㣬ͯˣҲѾɱ˰֮ڣ
磬Ϊ쵽Լͻˣԣδ⣬ҲĬĬػߡ
˼ʱ֮ȵ͵һһ׵λʽѾ𾳽磡
Ȼ벻ȴͻأķˡ
ڵԪļ׵ֱ֮ӾͷˣûǿˮһķˣʱƤǱһƬͨ죬ͬ̿һ㣬ð
ôˣ
һԵϲĵȴԼýý𣬼״֮ŻˣֱӳǰҪȥץֱۡ
أ
һϵֱӽ˳ȥԶײмڷŵӣһģ
ôܣ
֮ھһƬ㵵ɫ
ͽˣȴŽ˵ңһ϶ѣõЩܲˡ
ţΣһǿ㱻ŪԼҲЩǱ
Ѱ㾿ôˣ
Ͼǻң˸վЩ֪롣
Ǻ£ȴģ˭Ҳ벻顣
飡
һ죬űѿħ˽ĽͺҲûκΰ취
óǶ֮ܲܽɱɣ
ȥ³ϣ
ǰֹۣ˼˳ȥûã³ԱǴҴҵ˽
⡭
ǻһӿ³ҲǴһ˫۾ɵԲ
ϣȻΪ֮Ĳܵһв
һȻһŸսŮϸܵв
ȻҲԸţǣܸоʱŮŵѾǴﵽһֲĵز֪Χ
³ϣϽ취
³ԣǼ˾һ㣬˵
õģӦû£
³ҡҡͷһ˿˵
û£
롮ħǲĿ
š
³һصĵ˵ͷ΢΢𣬻˵ڵԪڽһԣŻ󡣡
ܹоɢĿֲϣԽԽǿʢҲһѹȸС

һ㶣뵽ʵԣС΢΢ſѵԪҪƷˣ

³΢΢Ӧһ֮ҡҡͷ½ѾԽ˳ƷԪܡ
ֻǳƷԪܹвԼ
Ʒ
һ㵵ĿħҲࡣ
ȻƷ˵ǲܡ
Ϊ˵֪ڣƷѾǳ˼޵ĴˣڣͻȻðһƷ˵Ȼܲˡ
ţѾƷ̶ܳˡ
ϸĸŴɢ³Ժȷ˵ţ֮ڣҲһĨ޷ѹֵ𺳡
Ʒ֮ϣѵһȽף
ѿʵ
У
³Եһɫޱȣ֮һĨ磬ڻĹŵ伮йһЩءƷ֮ϣʥƷ˳֮Ϊʥܣ
ʥƷ
롮ħĿĿ
˵УؼһЩͳԽһеʣʥ壬塭
³Ե΢΢ȥԣ֪Ϊ˲֪ء
λʡ
ĿٴηϵʱüͷǽǺȷ˵ҲҲһʥҲ˵
ʥ壬ΪĹ죬ÿһ磬ڵԪͻһƷֱǺŵ飡
ѣֱǳ˳Ʒľ磬֪ͻƵ᲻
ûܹ϶
ԽʥƷ
ʥܾѾѹˣԽʥƷûٸȥ롣
³֮ԲȷΪʥ壬ɣɲԹƻ
飬δţʶ㣬ҲûⷽκεϢ
ʥ塭
³Եһͣ΢ķеĵǣüͷЩʹ֪ǰ鵽Ǻǻ
Ƹ磬Ϊʲô㲻أ
Ů˸Ứ


664 ֮
꣡
޼ʵռڣһǼٵӹ˲ʧ٣ּ֮£ռҲûκεı仯û˿ĲƣһƬš

ڵķͻأһļ£ƺǸӦʲôһ㣬ѵǳˣ
ںʥɽڣ³Եշ˵Ӧǲʲô£ΪֺԼ켶ҩʦʥɽҲ߾ȫıӻŮԣܽʥɽѹ򣬲Ȼʲô顣
ȥУȻٻһ˺𡭡
˾еĲŲŮ
ʱ򣬺ʳʥɽ֮ڵϣ޷ǵһĻ

εɫգͻأģѿһڵĿӣǱ˺ѵĲһ㣬¶һڷǿյ
Ͼϯʥɽ˵ע⡭
ʥɽ۷壬һӰ˳а˺ʥһ߾ߣһصĿϵǵӡ
ֻʥ˲˺ƿռ䣡
㣬Ϊ߲β֪
һ뵽Ҫһλ˵еʥˣǼѹ֣ɫŻȵĳݡ
üͷȴǽ
һλ˵еʥˣΪλƫƫԼʥɽأ
˱ŸֲʱһƥϱǴǵڵĿɢ˳ֱӽʥɽڣʱ˱ͬɽѹ֮ڣһ˶ǹڵأվһԵҲһȺȥֻһ˻ڿţҲǵһͨ죬ҵĲţ֮ڴž
ϵƺû֮⣬ͬһŴһӿȥӶһ·ɨȥƺѰʲôһ㡭
һֱɽףԺӡ
ô£
ڷڵ³Ե˸̣ܵһȫ˳һۣǿϵǵڵѿڣʱ֮ڶ¶˼ɫ
ռѣѵʥ˲ɣ
³Щľһ˫֮ھһƬ𺳵ɫ
ʥˣ
롮ħнһ֮ھһƬη
ʥˣĹŴ˵еĴڣԻĹŴ֮ʥ˱㶼ԣ˽ΪֽѾʥˡ
ڣ³ȴ˵ʥ˽٣ܹܵˣ
ʱڵǴǰǸ״̬飬һǿϽ֮ţҲǲƺڳԳܵʹ
˲ʱǹڣӳϱҵɨĴڣͣ
ৣ
һ죬һλڵռ˳
أѰɽ̫̫ûκε𣬿ȥͨͨģϢ
ôһһ֣ʱǳΪ˽㣬ʥɽڣĿⶼǾۼϣ˾ɡ硢ȡ
ȻǴ಻ܹƿռģǣ֪ǣⶨһ˲õĳǿߣ
³ԣһ԰ףֻԶԶĿˣǾȻ֮ģ
У˾һĹʥһָͷܹǣ
Įͬһoһ䣬ɨһʥɽϵǿߣɫûа仯ˣһۣƺҲ˿͸ĵӿһ׷׵ͷȥ֮ӡ
ৣ
û˵ֻɨԺӵʱΪǵвһĨâʱһ򵥵һȴģֱӱǰ档
һ³ԣڡħ΢ͣɨ֮Ҳû˴кֱӱǳķȥûʯһ㣬Ŀ߽ķ䣬Ҳû취
һ۶ɵĹڵ֮ϵɫ״γ˱仯
֮壬ȻǾ֮壡
ɫԵЩ˸вϵ૳޾°޾¡֮ˣ
ŵǻȣһĨ硣
֮壿
˽һͷˮ˵ЩʲôƺûмӺ˼ǽŵ΢¡
ƺΪר̶һ㡣
Ҳ֮жһֻѾЩϵƣ΢΢һգǱһ㵭Ө֮ڡ

һֻƣһռֽͬһ㱻Яǳڵռȥ


665 칬
㲻ܴߣ
ĻҲ֪ǰĽе
ʱദѾãֱ˴ˣĪҪ°һʱѪͷȻǴ˵еʥˣʱֻһͷǲ
лǰĽŲһ٣תͷɫĮɨһΪĮĻЩѵ촽˵ʲôˣ
ҡ
һһоѪҺ궼챻ˣһ৵Ĳ԰ף֮ھǿ־
³롮ħ춯һɨ˱ͬѹ˫Ŷ˵֮£ţָҲã
ֻεһȻǿ˹
Ľ㣬Ҳģ
ĺ˿ϵɫһƬᶨηֱ
ʱѾǽԼ֮ˣ
㣿
һһĨͣٴϸɨһۣ΢΢˵ͷҲգһ߰ɣ
˵ţҲӦһֻ΢΢һץɼĳ˹ֻһһڣһԶһż³ԣ촽΢˵ˣ칬ˣǵתǵļˣ
ôһ仰Ǵ߽ռ֮ڣǵڵѿڲǺ£һУŻָ
ѿڵĺ£ǹǿƥѹҲɢ٣³롮ħһģԵڵأϣǲ԰һƬھδ
ղţֻһۣǾãԼ嫺еһֻ϶ѣֻҪǸԸ⣬һͷ׵ǡ
ৣ
ƿϵ쳹һڳȫԺ棬ɫҰ׵³롮ħжӿһɲõԤУرףԺˣܳµİǿɹϵһλ켶ҩʦ
ΪʥȻҲа飬켶ҩʦǿֻаʥزһλ
ɼλ֮ߣ
ʳﲻôһλ켶ҩʦʳ˵ǶƤӵѣ
³ϡ
Ҳķ䣬ɫͺܲÿ

³̾Ϣһʥ£һȥҵ˽͵ġ
Ǹʵ̫ǿˣǿ޷󣬵ʱڵѪҺˣָͷ̧𣬻̸ʲô֣
³ϡ
صһЩĪĿ³ԡ
ʳԪϣΪʳսķĺͣڣƺҪһе
³ϣΣһȥ
ɫһƬᶨ˼һ˳еˣ
⡭
³΢΢һ㶣һᶨҲû˵ʲô
飬ҪҲһܹеġ
һ뵽ƶŮĸ飬Ȼ
֪Ƶ֪һᷢģʱ˭ȥеŭ
Ǹ϶Ǵ˵еʥˣе칬δţȥ
ԣѾ˳ܷŭ׼ˣڣֻȥ᰷ҽԵ˵Ȼ룡
³Ҫȥ죬Ǽʥɽһ֮ǰ뿪벽ô
תͷһڳϽ

ڳش
Ȼǲ׵׷ʲô£³ǳصɫǾ֪ǲ˵Ĵ¡
УǵýһλΪƵʥɽһҪһʱ֪ͨңô
ƺʲôֽһ䣬ڳȻӦǡ
ʱ򣬳ҲҴҵ߽Ժ棬ʱнһ
ˣ
ǣ۾һ
ϴ飬˵ˣҲǰ⼸ƵĹϵҲתҲ˵
Ͼʵ̫ǿˣ
ʲôղǸ̫Ÿˣ
³ԵĽֱͣѿڴУͯ壬ɫҲЩҡ
Ƿ֪Ů°ߣһģ
ôأ
ϾԼͷһ˫۾Ѫ˿֣ƺֱӺǰЩʥɽĴǵĴڡ
̫ǿˣ
ħ΢΢ڣЩ˻Ƶ³
̳λ켶ʦк󣬵һ޷ֿĸо
Ѿǵؼ۷ĶܣȻ޷ų⣬ֱѹڶϵĶ֮ڣһҲ޷ɢ磡
Ϊʲô
ϵͫЩն
ˣѾûˣһͬȥһ˷ңԭί˵ôǾֻˡ
΢̾һ
£˭飬ԭĺ±и֡


666 
ʱѾǵ屶ˣ̲˼֮󣬾ǸߵҲûмܱᰵ
ΪϢһƬϲ쵱Уÿһˣ̧ŴĶκ˵Լˣ
һеԵɣǷǸţ
ƣ
˶֪֣¼ʳҲʹ
һ־Ĵ¼Ӣ󱲣
ΪԼ϶սΪԼļֱܹͦ˵
ڵǣҲǰˣĿ֮һÿ춼˲ιۣħɽҲһƬڣ
Ϊ˶ǻɣħɽ֮ڵõ˳ǿߵĴԲġ
ÿһеĹ㳡ģĵܣȻҲõḶ́ĵڣû˵ַУ
һε
ңЧܼѣһЩȨӵܸڳŰ棬Ϊÿǿܵʱ򣬶Ȼ
һʱ䣬֮ڣϰãһƬг˰ҵ˶ӣҲõԭ˿ڴ
˶ˣȻͶˣССĳѾǧǸߵ
⻹ǸƵЧȻǸʱ򣬼ʹǳˡ

һ·ϣϵҲǽҵ´˵һЩ⵽Ǹһ˼·
ǣǵ֮ûֱȥңֱȥ
ǰϳ˳ϼˣֱӽȥͨˣʱᰱӭ˳
Ҫ֪ϼҲľ֮һڻҪģңڳϼ˿ɶ𾳽ǿˣȻߣ
λǡ
һǼϼ˱ϹϾվ³ԵԣʱһһЩʵ
λʥɽʥλʥɽ̫ϳϣ
ǰһܵ
ʲô
һͫ͵һ
ѾµݲҲ뵽Ͻײ㣬ûȥ룬ڣмǴ˵еʥ̫ϳϾȻͬʱݰ٣𺳣֪
λǿ߰ȼǿߣһָͷ
ᰲμʥμ̫ϳϣ
ܿͷӦ˹ȥ
ţ
ΪɫҲͣ˵ͷԷ˻ᰣ⵹Щܳл
ʥǲһʳߣһܹӼһΣǶĪĸԵܹʷϣ»Ի͵һʣ
ȥ˵һĵط
ſӣԶҲѾע⵽ı仯׷׶ǲ²³Ե
ˣһô
ᰴһˣһƫŮȥ˽ļǳصɫ֮ҲһӿϲõԤС
ܹʥûӣǾֻһˡ
ƣ
ѵǳˣ
һ̻̲
ġ
ǰһǰȫгûһ˿Ҳûжʲôݴʡ
ʥˣ֣Ѿ˵һУ
ʲôһλʥ˴ˣ
ֱӾһ˫۾֮ھǲ˼ɫ
ʥǿߣ˵ѾǴ˵еˣʥˣеo
ƿնƿնȥ˴˵еʥˣ˭ƿռ䣿
Ҳ̾һ֮һĨ𺳡
鷢̫ͻأ˵ϣң㾡ʥɽ֮Ҳܹһָ
˻
ᰶʱһǼ˶һ棬Ըʵ
һǰѾû
Щ˵š
Ƭ̺󣬻ᰲѹе𺳣һ˼Ҳ˼˵⣬ʱüͷ
ػɲԸǣǰﲻġ
һʱ䣬֮С
ֻҪͿˡ
˵š
Ҫģһ˵ˣΪҿǲ졭
ϼˣϣҲʥɽˡ
һᾡΪ
һϵףȻ뵽˻죬罺ᣬң˵Ȼ°빦
Ҳ˹ˣҲһ𾪣ǣ˵֮󣬶ʱɫǳȥ
ŮڷƵҪԣˣ֮ҲҪأڣŮԱ°ߣƺѾ˷Ʒĳˣ


667 λ
Ȩһ֮Ի졢Ϊףһ˺ƺƵĳŷ縮ȥһ·ϣ˽á
ϼˣ󲿷˶ʶΪǴδսҲǳ٣ǣһ˵ҲûôҲֹ˰
³ˣȴûʶ˶֪εǣ϶ˣ
Ϊ֮ˣܼ򵥣
ʱһЩҲѾµӦʥɽĴݰˣ
ǵĿĵأǷ縮
ϳصɫʱõļһӰ
ѵǸˣ
ţ˱Щ̻̲
Ѿػǵ£϶һƬҵУ
ˣͬʱҲǱ׶ˣ
֮УƣѾľ֧ˣҲ˵ľС
Ժ֮ڣʮŴһľԺУͻأı۾ڣһƬ࣬һǲټ
ԶԶģվڷ縮ſڵĻǼ˻һˣʱֱӽȥͨˣ󲻾ã糾Ц˳
ûˬЦ糾΢΢һǿǳصɫһˣʱ͵һӿһɲԤС
ৣ
һ΢ŵ죬ʮͬһԣĮĿ³ԣûз
Ϊûо쵽˶Է糾е⣡

ɫصĳ糾˹֡
ôˣ
糾ϵЦҲһĨ
һ¡
΢΢˳飬һĨνЦݣλҺʥɽʥλʥɽ̫ϳϣ
ʥ̫ϳϣ
Զ˲ɵĵһһ˫˫֮ھǲ˼ɫĿ³ˡ
ˣ˵Ǻʳһˣ
糾μʥμ̫ϳϣ
糾𾪹æҲĪ
֪Ƿʲô£Բλݰ٣˺ϲɫӣƣӦòʲô¡
˭ˣ
ǷƳ£λо;Բԣ糾ֱӾ뵽ȥˣʱһɫҲǲÿ
ǷҵϱδӣԽŮԼŮңҲ˽ԼŮĸ飬ǳ£Բ룡
˵ƣҲܲˣ
Ȼʲôʲôͻ
񣡡
߼ڷ糾ûȥʱ򣬱Ƿסǿľ糾ҲЩ͡
˿ֻ֪켶ҩʦݸ߲ɲ⣬жߣȴûܶλǣײˣֵ
ǿܹΪһʥعϵĴڣ
һʲô˼һ仰ʮʳĴܣ켶ʦǷ飡
һλ켶ʦĸףôڵ
Զһ˫˫۾ǵɵԲ鶼ˣ
ǻʳװȻԷ˵Ŀ˶û뵽ģ
ʱǺ淢ʲô飬ǰһĻѾ˵һС
飬ܿͻᱻʳ֮ڴʱ򣬷ңǻʳĵһң
Ϊûĸʥ˿ǣȴˣ
һʥҪļ壬˭û۾ǣ˭˵Լǿңοӣ
ȥ˵ɡ
ʱѾǽƷŵļͣȷ糾һ㡣
кʳҵδƿǰУֻҪǰ˵һоͻðˡ
䣬һֱվڷ糾Եʮţʱ͵һ
ӺʱվĶ֪û۾ĸӦڣһƬյزŶԡ
ң۾ʮûĸӦΧ
֣һ
ôһˣҪɱԼԼҲ֪ôģ
ѵǸڷҵ֣
ǴεȻңǰһģ
ֻô
ôҲš
Ϊû˴ﵽԣ޷жʮŵǴܣǿܹնɱǿߣȻĹൽһס
ǣһоͲͬˡ
ǰɲ⣬ضǴɣ
ⲢԽܵ飬һܹػһλ켶ҩʦߣ˵⻹ܵĸԵŶԣ
ԣĽŲͣ
λǡ
ŹĿǶԴĪɫķ糾ʵ
һλܣɲܹǵģ˵Լνʥиʲôǣ
λã֪֮еģ
Ļʱõ°͵һء


668 Ҳǻ
ˣ
Ϊˣ߶ǿߵƣ˽֪û˻Ҳף
ڵǣ⺶ʳף߸ϵʥˣȻڷҵλƣ˵ʲô˵ĬĬŵӵΪԶԶʥ֮ϣ
ԶеˣϢˣһ˫˫۾ͬһĿţǴŹɫ
죬ᰣˣĿɿڴһʱҲز
³ʱҲŷʮŵĴڣʱӱ΢΢һ֮¶һĨ޷ѹֵ𾪡
ȻʮŵĸоǺһģ
ѡ
ʮ
ã糾ǻعǽܵ
ɵɨһʮֿ˿жʱһ
ƺɲеģض߶ǿߵƣ
ʮ
³Խ΢΢һ㶣һλܾȻһֵ֣
ʥμˣ
ĳʮ֡
һ仰õķ糾ߵĻ˻ȥ
ʮǷҵѣǣʱ𣬲֮ô
ϵȻ顣
ôһˣֱӾͽʮŵݰθһɣʱ˶ڲ²ʮŵʵ
ʥɣ
ʮȻ糾ȻὫһ⣬Ǵ߽˷縮֮ڡ
ǽȥ˷縮֮󣬾˶ݵĳ֮ʱһƬ֮˶ҪйԼ
УܹʥɽˣѾǶĴˣ
Ҫ֪ûܹʥɽǷƣȺӡ
ڣǾȻʥɽףʳףʥ
µ𶯿֪Ȼ󣬺λoʥһˣʱõԲ
ʥͷϵˣ֪
ʮŵ˶Ƿƴģ˵ǷƵȻȴ˷ңػҵİΣ
Ȼ֪ΪʮΪΪֲɱ˴õڶУǣǴûΪȻʥ֮ϣ
Ȼ䣬ԶˣݣǾͲö֪ˡ

ʲôһλʥ°ˣ
֮ڴ糾ľ
š
һ˽ǵͷ϶һ
û˭ϣ鷢±ɻ£ѾƲˣȴҪȥһеĺ
ô
糾һңȥ˸
ʥ˰ǿǴ˵oĴڣo°ߣпҪô
ڼ˵ʱѾµˣȴû뵽ͬʱ°ߡ
Ƶ֪Ĵûж
ϣϣλȥ̫ү˷
ͷһԵλϷԸһ˱ǼҴҵС˳ȥ
Ҳ֪̬ԣڵķƣɲͬˣʳʥΪǸ˵Ĳ֮
ľ֧ͬʱҲǷҵ
ңٱߣԣҵҲ͵֪ʥݰٵϢˣλһȥү˷Ǹ˹
ʲô
ڵ֪ŮϢ֮λζ̱ڵء
˵ڵһ̼ɣվҲûˣλ׼סϡ
ôôġ
үۺᣬૣҵСҵŮ
Ļߵᣬ˷Ҳ˫ͨı۽ǻ䡣

˽̾Ϣ˶һء
ˣ˵׽ƵˣǶһˣ֪Ů°ߵϢһ᲻һеȥӪŮ
һӵʥ˵
ͬһɽһѹ˵ļ䡣
ʵⲻһ¡
³켸Σ˵˳
ҵʱλСֵܾڵҿĳλʥ˶λﲢûмӺ˼ңʱȫܹĨɱңǣȴûôңҴŸλ˵˱칬ˡ
ϸĽʱ˵һ飬ħҲվһԵͷ
ƿȷƺûж⣬ĿģΪѡ
һɣΪ⣬Բʥ˽֮ߣĿģӦͽѡ
³Ե˵ʱõǰһ
ֿԲûУҺܴ󣬲ȻʥΪݰҪ°ŮأһеԵпܾͳ桭


669 ٻа
λ˵Ϊ֮壬ʣ˵Ȼδţǣ³롮ħʱȴܹǼĺ
ʥΪ֮𶯵ʣܼ򵥣
һֲ˵ʣ
ң³ԿʱѾ˳Ʒȣңûнһֱƣ
˵ʲô
ңǽѣأǴأǳʥأ
ֽĻȣ˸޷Ҳѹˣ˵еʥ˶Գˡ
֮壿칬
˶˼ƴľʲôֻǣǷԺеļ䣬Ҳûйⷽļء
³ԵĽ˵֮΢΢Ż
ѵ˵ǻлĿܣ
үڴĿ³ԣʵ
Ӧпܣңʥ֮ԴӦΪ˸Ҹ飬룬ִҪĻλʥӦòŶԡ
³ҲǺܲȷ˵ţϾҲֻĲ²ѡ
ţһĬ˶ǿ糾£ֻзȨĴСҲܹƣϾǷƵĸף
飬ȷƻ֮һԸ˵ġ
糾һأ˵ţõʱ˿
糾ûʲô飬ǣ첻һӣ糾ǵø
粮£ҲΣǰǵģǡ
ϼ˳ɫȻ
رǳϣƵֵû˵£Ĳ֪ôƽãгΡ
ԽţüͷԽ촽ҧһѪ
ⲻǵĴ
糾ǰһţƶǵġ
ʥ֮ɷ棬㵱ʱʥɽҲĽŲ
㣬Ļ
ҲһԵҲ˵ء
糾ɵ˵š
ҲֻõķȥˣȻôأʥˣǷҲֽ޴ɣ
ô˵ʥɽҲΡ
վΪֲʥɽĹʧҾ磬һʮУԴʥɽ
лʥ
糾ǿЦݣֵл
û£ȻỶϲأǣȴû˸˵
󣬷ѡˣҡҡѧԺѡˣߣţʥɽгϼ˵շӦòʲô⡣
ʱɻռ֮ڡ

ɫĶţϴÿһ䣬һһ飬ʣڼٵ
ãĿǰʣͼľĹҲܹˡ
ǿɹ۵ģ
ͬʱҲ˼֮顭
ع۳ǷѳɱȻˣڵķңƺѾһֵУʱܻ᳹ݣ۳С֮˸Ͼɱ
ʥҽʥء
ȻԼݣ֮Ψһһʥҩĳߣ
ũҩ䣡
ƾܹƿʥҽʥأʥҽʥҲһùһЩɣ
ϾҩʦĺɲһĴ
ߣԼĻع飬Ҳ˵۱Ļع飬Ҫģ
ûκӵе۱ļ壬۱̺˼µûκܹ֮⣡
ԣǷӵ˵۱ͿԺˣǱ۳ǣǣ˭ҶϾɱ
۱ɲǳصģƴϻҲᱻһݡ
ûݵϻʲôܾˣκ˵ʧġ
һ·˼룬һ·壬һʱתۼ
վܵаųˣ
ƴ˵Ĵ۾
ˡ
΢΢۾ûǣиԼǵаʥӡ
ߣǰǸϮɱԼĴܡ
ǷƷֵĿ죬˵Ļ룬ڴǰԼû˿ء
ԣŪ˭ҪɱԼǳҪ
ΪоǸܵݣǷͬѰȻԲôǰ֡
㹻û˸Ҳ飡
㣬޷ԣϣԼпô
޿ԣ
ֲϵƲ̵Уһʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣʱ޼ʵı߼ʣһɫĹͻأĳǰŰա

ڲʵĴ󴬴ռʻ˳ڹ㳡֮ϣͬһԶսһ㣬ɢͬѰĴϣϯ˽ãֻһЩ߲ΡȻ
ৣ
һӰӴӳ


670 ֻس
ৣ
ƴӴԾ˳վڹ㳡֮ϣɨܣûз֮ǰǸƴߵӰǣȴһϤӰʱüͷǽ
ʥˣ
һ˶ǿǵͬһհӰ
аʥһɫݿʣգһƬͨû˿е¶£ȻȻԶһ׳ĹΣеͬһ̫oһ㣬ˡ
ԣһ⣬ºЦӣ²ûаʥǰֻǷݴݵȴڸĲ򵥡
ȻǱʥӣ
Ϊ˴ٳءˣͿ౼ѾΪаʥӵĸһ㡣
㣬аʥӺǵ⡣
˴͹㳡ȻͿ˷ƣʱ˵ɫЩͣ
һѾжΪˣֻĳǰβ
㾹Ȼû
аʥֱŷеƣģõ˽Ծÿ
Ҫ֪ƿ϶ǽ˾ĳ֮ڣǣȴһʱûгѵ˵Ȼ˼ʱնɱڵĻޣ
ʥҲ΢΢۾ɨŷƣܾãǰƺĺܲһˣǾĵ㲻һʱȴҲ˵
ƺǰѾӵԼʱˣ
ôһо
Ȼ
΢΢һ䣬Ųһ̤һףֱӱڰ׿ĸ߿ա
ȻˣǾ°ɣ
аʥӺܿͷӦ˹Ű׳һƬ̫ܣͬպգֱ׷ȥ
ٺ٣׷˵ɣ
ͷҲأֱӳзȥ
ΩһĻ·ҲаʥΨһҰĵط

аʥȻǿ뷨ʱд󼱣ٶҲǼӿ죬ҲϵĵϮơ
ףǸӵУԼͻһεʧȥնɱƵĻᣡ
ĵˣѾ޷γɳȥˣ
ʥһ㶣һĨâҲβȥ
꣡
䣬ȫƶ㿪ȴõķ꣬һӰŭ𣬵ǣڼаʥ֮󣬶ŭݣȥ
аΧ֮ڣ˭˸ڵаʥӣ

ܶ˶ϳ˷ƣٴμڹųɱ˶ԶԶÿǱС
ৣ
ڰգ϶Ǵŭݣǣһаʥ֮Ҳһ
Ȼ˴ɱ֮ųֵģ
λ
ߣаʥɫһϲе
ã
һɫףֱӳ෴ķ̤ȥ
аʥӵĺȻ֪ô£ɢվһۿɼռͬˮš
ৣ
һ̤ƲŴռǸоһױȵѹϯûзӦֱӱ˳ȥУѪ䣬ҲѪ졣
̣
Ǹһ֣ܵγһķƽڣá

̤ʧܣдޣԼΪʲôͷ棬ڼѾڽˡ
һΪܹһλܣ

ķƱаʥӱǷŻٶȣдЦŷһɫǵ֡
ٸӰ㲻Ǻô
һĨЦеĽһָһǹֱӾͶ˷ƵţѪȥ
ǲңаʥǹĥƣܣƵһƬѪⷭҲ̶ã
ס֣
һЩɳƵ쳹ͬ绮ļ䣬˲һ
ţ˱ǼаʥӵĶȻֹԣվһλӣаʥ̫ܣܹɱһеܣ½Ҳ
ֳһĶУаʥӵĲϣǱǵĸоаʥһɫ԰ס
һ̣аʥӸоԼѾƿУֻҪ΢΢һֱӵͷ­ͻᱻ
һĻӡ˵ڣǸĿ࣬˵
̫аʥӾȻ˽ٳˣ
ȿȣ
ƿѪɫֽҩϵһڣһɨǿǸӣʱֻأ
ûϢӣֻأ
ѩԣǰаųǣһֱûȥڵȴŷƵϢղֵĺܴ˶Ǹ˹
ſʥӣȻҪȫʬ
ĸ߽Ǵеһѹֻѹ˹


671 һɱ
¡¡
ޱߵѹϯ񷾪ɫõѹϢһЩΪˣȫ̱µأֵĿĸߣ
֣ܰ˭˿ɿ
ʱȺͬˮһԶԶȥѹΧ֮ڲͣ
꣡
ֻǹһĨĮĻȣû˵ֻǣڶеֱ΢΢һʱѪէֱ֣ӾаʥӵĲ֣Ѫ
⿴ƽĶУȻаʥӵзֱƤ֮ڣ
ôܣ
ڲԶıʥҲʧɫ˫۵Բ֣Ҳ޷ǰĴݵ
Ҫ֪аʥӿ̫壬ؼΪ֮һΪϹoרʣ
ķȻӹɣ
ǣǰźµӣȴһУ̫ܾǲһ㣬Ӱ첻
ֹȫ˽һƬ㵡
ѵǡ
ֻǱ΢΢ͬĶУʥһһĨɫ
Уؼһɱ֯ľԣɱĳԱֳָԢԼΪʹߣ
ɱ֯ÿһԱǶɱ֣ʵֲм٣ɱ޺ֽۣһУǾ
ǣɱ֯Ѿˣ㼸ʮҲûټɱɱ֣ڵ˼Ѿһɱ֯Ĵڡ
ڣһź£ֳֶӣľͳǰʣܹ
ԽţʥоԽĺˣҪɱԼԼε
û뵽սĹһֱѩߵֻأȻһɱ񣬶ĳ֣ǿ϶Ϊ˷ƶ
㣬аʥҲǷǳʱһƬңһĨʡ
֪ҪɱѾǲˣɵģЩڸղΪβһ
֣
߱ŵɢȥѹһ߾УϾǻҡ
ףԼٱȥǾֻаʥʬˡ

ֻĿϣ΢Ļ³Яⲻɵζ
ٳ飬ǵһʵЩ̫ϰߣ
ȷʥӣ
һĽе
βаʥӶǸڳȻԼҵʥӱ˽ٳˣǴ˳ȥĻ죿
ԣֻأǺ֮ˣֻҪлᣬǿ϶ᷢһ
ߣ
ֻ΢΢һУһ΢баʥӲһȦѪӡѪģѾԿܣǸƣаʥӾͻˡ
Ƿˣ
ǰǸ߻æĽеֱӳȥ˶ԷƵĽʾ⡣
ȿȣ
ٴοѪѾûһˣƤ켶ҩҲһӾȬġ
һߣǻλƵĳֻȥڼ䣬û춯ĿŷԶߡ
֪ǸĻɱ˵ģ
ΪֻشʱΪѾɱаʥûʲôˣԣǸұֻء
л
ǰƳֻع˹֡
ѾµӦѩϿԼһѣԲֻ˵ģɵģжѩһݸм
ֻ΢΢䣬һĨϲ
ɣжѾɹӮꡣ
аʥǽҧݣݺݵĵŷơ
꣬һһεԼһһεʧޣ
壬ȴһһεƽУʣ
Զ˶Ѿ˵ȫһĿķչһЩСģֱߣҾ
ϾаʥӿҪΪʥˣڱ˽ٳֹɾ۵㣬СǼػ̵ܹЩ
˭Ҳ˵׼ԣСΪ
Ѿܹʥӣ
ǸһĽе
ˣǷǳֻػɱˣ
ߣ
ֻɨһۣĿڷϡ
ȥаɣ
΢΢һ䣬˵ţʱõɫתףǵڻһĨη塣
ϴε飬ǿ޷ǣرǱ糤ĹǸߣڴ˰²Ȭӻʹ
ǣǰľݲѡΨ˿óԶԶĸں档
ʥ΢΢һ֮ҲǸȥ
дϷˣ
ڶǾ˸˸˷ܡ
ʵָ߸ϵļһﱻ˺ݺݵĿҲһܲ飬ô


672 һ
ִ󣬼аųǵ˶˵аʥӱ˽ٳˣٳֵˣϴεǸ꣬Ʒ٣
ʱǽǧؾˣ˽ǺȻƷ̫Ϊˣѵ֪ɣʥҲܹնɱôʱ˭ܱ
˿岻ôƱ
Ѿ˱ȻĽ֣
ৣ
ǰ棬ֻؽٳаʥӽ󣬸аʥصػųǵĴ뱱ʥӣһ·ֱӳȥһ·˽ã·
ҲκεСֻܹٳаʥӣѾ˵һС
ӣǱڵ츳壡
ңֻص俴ȥҲͶʮѣаʥ󣬵ǣȴ׵նɱаʥ壡
ˣܼôɳаʥأ˭˿ɵ
ֻ϶
⵽ʲô˰
аˡ
ԭһС£ѣȴֵô˭ҲûԤϵġ
Ƽ򵥣ɱˣʵҲûʲôǣĪƫƫҲͨõԼʥƵƵԿҸк˱ӻ
Σôͻأðһ𳬼ɱΪ֮
˭
˶Ҫ֪ģ겻ƽΪѾעĲѾڲ²ƵĸĺӵˣȻеΪαӻɱΪΪ飿
аʥҪѪùˣ
ʱнôģһЩ߸ǱſϷ̬ԶԶĸţȴŴϷĿݡ
УԶԶһЩ˶˳Ǽӽٳаʥӳ˹
Ʒ٣
΢΢һ㶣ѿڽг
ףǷ֮ˣ˵ûǺӵܣԭ򣬾ΪӵзҺӵܵ壡
ȥժȡͷô
һ
֪Ǳ˱ص֮ȥıأûгɹԲģ
ѵȻɹˣ
о֮һĨĺȻ
أϹժȡʥƽµĳҲͰˣΣȥ˱أǿһ綾Ľذʥ˶ᱻɱڣȻҲɹˣ
ѵĽض˵ôѵǴתɣ
һһķţʱɣǲǷصһĵˣ
糤ϵıֲ٣ĳ϶֪ĴڣԣһʱҲ޷жαˡ
ʱ֪ܲǷô£
аʥٴζˣ
ļһȻƾԼ̫εڹųڶ֣ζҪÿ
һͷǳԺȥ
ô
ڸ߳¼ǰԡѪķƣʱɫ΢΢һ
ǳϿ˵ѾСӸĨɱռˣٴμˣȻЩز
Ȼ
кȻ
꣬Ȼռңʱ籩ʱ
ҲΨȴ漣Ļ
ʱһɫܲÿǰȥ
Ϊˣҵˣ£ҲѾΥеֻҪ˵Ͼĳͽ䣬ܻᱻ
ԣ·ƣ
վס
ֱƣǰ棬ס˵УȥȻɱ
£
ɨһȦȴûзʱɫһڽ˵
£ҲΣӡҲǺܺãµڣƺԼ˵⣬Щ⡣
еĹ£˵ͼģϽȥȻɱҲˣ
ķҪֱӾ϶Ѿ֪Լ飬Ҫٱģʱɱģ
£аʥӣ˽һ㶡
⳪ĳ
еĹ¾Ȼ˶ӵ̬ȶԴƣаʥнһϲ
µģи㣡
ɫ΢䣬ٴγ˵Ҳڴܹ
ˣ£
ɫһ䣬˵ֱӴȡ
ৣৣ
Ϣȵ׳վ

ɫ䣬û뵽¾Ȼ˵Ĳ
£ɱ
ǴЦֱָָƣɱȻʱ׳ǳŷƻıȥ


673 糤ϵŭ
ǰϷԵı仯õЩӦľǣȻңģҪɱ˼
аʥȻǾϲѣֻҪвǺĽǰ£
ֻ˵츳ǸܵвѾ˵ĴڣһҪɱ˲İ
رֻɱǿв
϶һ֮Ѿƣʱ׼ˣ
һʱ䣬Ƽ˾֮ڣż֣ȴûг֡
ѵΪϴҵ̫ñˣ
һ뵽бһ顣
ֿԿɲûУĻڽˣǰе˿ɲΪԼٳаʥӶֵģ
ֻҲЩӦ׷Ұ֣Ҿ·ˣƣɫҲǳѵС
ȥϮɱͱҪһɱаʥӣ߷ˣѡ񶼻úֻ㣬ǣѾشķҲ޷λ
ƺҲһ
ΪִҪɱң
λƷ侲΢΢𣬶ʵ
ףԼҲûʲôԹΪҪôأоʲôأ
ϻ£ɱϺڣ
ЩܷƵĿ⣬µֱɱˣڣ
ǣ
׳ӦʱԪȶֱӳŷѹȥ
ס֣
һϵͬըһ쳹˶ԺһƬңͷĿѣ׳һ۵ԪҲɢǶѪڵأ̧ͷ
ר˵ģңҲǳ˭ʱһƬңȴԼǷʲô£
ϵ˶˸ת䡭
£аʥӣߣһңȻĳ˭ʱǴҪӻˡ
ԶĪе˾ǰ꣬Ҫɱأ
Ҫɱƣ˽ǿһƺгһ㣬Ҫ֮زɡ
ߣɾҪӻꡭ

ӿһɿϲţǿһϤĲӰ˳
ˣǷ糤ϣ
ʱһŭݣϢѹͬХһϯȫʱ˶ͬѹЩϢ˽ǾĿ
ˣ㲻ʥˣǹҲöˣϳصɫһĿȻˡ
ڼƻԡѪƤģ֮󣬷糤ŭĿԲɣ뷢޷ԶƮһɸΪѹǲϵڱŷһߵʥˣõ˲ɵĲһֹ֮⡣
˭֣
Яźѹͬ׾һ쳹ȫֱӾ̱ȥȫΪҲµ棬վȡ
аʥϽһңȫЩ㵵Ŀŷ糤ϡ
Ǵӷ糤ϵеŭ𡭡
ŭˣ
ǲףΪеô꣬ѵĿеѾһʥزɣ
ϵ޿ܣôֻһ㣬ĵף
ֻ˵ĹȥȻһǱٸߣҲ޷һʥȣ
ѵ
ŭڳˣҲһǿվԴĪЦ⿴Լ
ѵѾ֪ˣ
һ㶣һĨãȻ
ô֪ԼݵģϴԼ뿪֮ʱͻ֪Ϊ뿪֮ȴݱ¶ˣ
棬ֻҲ΢΢˿ͬʱһ۷ơ
շ磬пܾǵ۳Ƿӵˣ
ֻЩ벻ףΪε۳ǷҵӵܣһССأ
ʣ˭֣
û糤ϸǴŭ嫵ѹϯֱӽаʥϸںݺһѹ
ͣ
˽ԾѪҲϵȥֻһаʥӣУĬĬվڷԣ۵Ŀһеķ
飡
糤ֻһץԶȫץ˹һ֮ͬǱˤſڵĹ㳡ϡ
ͷңǴѪ糤ϲǶѹѣѾõܾǿǱ˽ԲɣǷ糤ҪˣҲҪʲô


674 ٴδ
ȫž˶һηĿͬŭˣе𺳣ױȡ
Ƕ֪ǰ˾аеǸǿߣǣȴû뵽˾Ȼǿ˹
λܣоȻӥץСǰļ򵥣ǰû˿ķ֮аʥӾ͸Ӳ˵ˣҪ̫Ҳ
ԶʥɫһŭڵˣһûҪǿͷ뷨ĬĬһ֮ϣĿߵĶ̬
Ǹˣʲôʱóͷʲôʱ򲻸óͷʲôԳͷĺܣʱǰǾ;Իᰤƣ
ǾԵģ
ڣصĻƵʵ
ӵԵˡɱ֯Ϊ飬ڣǰеˣΪͷϧһʥأⶼ˵ݵĲ򵥡
ʱžãԼʵһ֪

Ҫһô
糤뷢Ʈ߶¼ӲĵذԾ飬һһĳȥѹͬɽѹϣҲֱ
аʥǴѪݽҧһȻѣȻûй£ҲѾȥ죬ʱѵɼŵжҡ
ǰġ
߽Ծϴͷֱ˫ŭӡ
ף¸ڸǲˣұͽԼͷϣ衣
ģ
糤΢΢˸ΣյĹâһۿɼͬˮһѹϯõϽԾȥ˫ϥȫ档
ĵϺͿô
糤ſŭȣƴģõȫ˶Ϊ֮һаʥӸ׵壬Ѫ
ڿʼ˵һֵĻԣҾɱһˣ
˵ͬ׾صײļ䣬ǸɫҰףңͷȴ˵
ܺãֲ˵ǰɣ
糤һһ֣аʥ΢΢һա
ͣ
аʥٴѪѪ䣬µ棬һףֽ˿֮һƬ־塣
ǰ˵˵ְ
Ϊ׵߲ߺһȻʵ˵ҽλ꣬Ĵˣʥɵġ
Ѿ˵ٻˣΪ˻ɱаʥӣ
ϾǿȣӦάųǵǣȴΪ˰ס
ܺã
糤ϵɫѾĿԵˮˣﶼǴбųġ
ž
һƴ˳ȥаʥӵӱĺΪΣѪ쮳Ҳ߸߷ԶȻҲûˡ
ڶΰˣңĿ֮£
˽Ծֱ߳˹ųǣͣˣֻһЩģԭأۿߵĶ̬
ણ
糤ֻһץаʥӱǱ˻ͬһĲ
һҰףĳȥ
ֻɨһۣһߣûм
ֻģ
糤ϵʵƽȴǸõһ
ǰˡʥӣѵһ
Ϊ׵ٴβҺ
ѵҼԲô
糤ɨһۣõͷȥֱӣɣϴβѾôʱôشģŶ೤ʱ䣬ѵ浱Ҳô
˵䣬ԽԽըһ죬ųǣռЩһԵ
ƵĲ֮еŭ𣬾ֻѪƽϢ
žžž
Խ룬ԽŰƣֱӳаʥӲϵȳѪʱݷɳаʥӵһѾǱεĲģ߸ͬͷˡ
Ŀˣһѣ㻹浱Լoˣ
糤ϱߴҲԽԽأаʥӵӶˡ
Īŭõ˲ֻơֻвźΪ⵹˽Ƶһᣬţ¼ὫΪǵĶ
嶼ֱ飬Ǹǲֵһˡ
飡
ϼаʥӲ״һҧҪܷ糤϶˵ֱӼȥ˸Ѫȫ˵ص֮£˼Ծɢܣ
˻
˶ǵһ֮ھ뾪塣
ָ棬ʱΪɱǻʲôأǣ˺ͬǰѾ̧ͷˣ


675 ս
ȻҸҶֱ֣
糤ϷƮŭĿԲɣͬЩͷԷΣĿɨȫû˸ӣԶıʥҲͷȥ
еˣ򵥵Ĳֹʵݣÿһʸˣضһ޷Ȼ
飡
뵽𴦣糤˫Զŷаקžô˦㳡֮϶ʱһӣѪ䣬һСᣬϾѾĿȫǣݣݶѪմǿɲ
ž
аʥţҪ˻ߣֺһǰ˦ϣӱεĲģһݼȫ˳Զͬһ
Ӱ㵽Ӹҿ
糤һֻֽ˹۾ǳ
һССѣֵߣǴȥЦ
аʥѾûˣĿ־壬һֻ˵ħơ
̫壬ӳע߹ݣߵĶһƬά֮δ˷˼͸Ӳ˵ܴˡ
ͬûڲ֪˿Բ˼ʥӵݣԽɱ
һ˺֮⣬ԼǸġ
Ҿɱ
糤һɣҪɱ
˶һƬ壬ѵһҪôɱô
ǰҪ
뾪ƴķȴ޼£ǿͬɽѹָͷҲˡ
ǰȵȣ
һͣеĶתǼԡѪķƴŵЦ
ô
˵ɫŻЩº͵ʵղȣͬر
ǰ
ƶסŲͣԲԶϿҵ˵

Ϊ֮סЩ㵵Ŀ
ȫ˽һϣаʥӣʥӣǲȻ׷в²⡣
ǲŷƻкģ˭£ûˡԼĳУң¼ƲʱǷаʥӣڷŻɽ̫ǴɣǰҲһܹѹס
ԣʱɱõѡ񣬶ûк֮ǡ
š
ɴ΢Цĵ˵ͷһ壬òǰԶ֡
ǡ
糤üͷһ
壬ȷʲôǵңڷҲУǴպ侮ʯԷ˵ҲǲСĴ
ķһֿɫǽаʥӷ
ȿȣ
аʥһڵͶȥвͣĿԣѪŻ꣬ü֮価
ζô
ѾĿȫǵаʥӣ΢΢һȣдζʡ
ߣ
аʥһݼ⣬ʱǲ˵ˣֻһߣվֱӣǲϳ鴤ǣͶԵʱܡ
Ǹ߰ģԼڱԼǰͷԸѡ
֪Ϊʲôô
˵䣬ƵɫҲǱкâ˸˸
ͣûܹʲô̵ʵȫԼŬģңʱ䣬Ҳѣ
ʱ䣬һͽһ㣬ٶȣ˭˵
ڣӵܱʥܵսʥսսһ⽫ܳһʥܡܣΪһµļ֮
ӵߣѾӵ˳Խĵʸ
аʥӲĿ£һĨĻȣµΪ㣬Ҿ㹻ˣ
ߣ
аʥԾ߳Ŀŷơ
ʱѾûзһѰҲܽ״ɱοǷ츳֮ˣ
ˣ
Ļһ̾
Ϊǣ֮ɱûк֮ǣңڷռɱаʥҲ޴ԩ
㲻üң
һĨĻȣĵĿаʥӣҿɲ㣬ϲЩ֮Σ֮¡
Ҹʱˣ֮ڹų֮һսۣɸҽܣ
ԡѪڿտĹ㳡֮ϣҡ˱ֱͬɣǰϣս
ȫžһ˫˫۾ȫĪĿ죬㵣죬ûһܹµʱʲôս˵ûκεƣ෴ģ֮аʥӣǿѾͻĴˡ


676 ȫ
ƣȻϴаʥӵĶսԲǣаʥӽΪ۷壬ͻƵԣԵռơ
ǣ֮սɻᶯõǿʵڵƣҼûӮĿܣ
ڵȻ⣬ǣȴҲ̫ܣϴġ
ңҪǣаʥѾľΪŲһѣеĲɲһ㣬ʱ䣬ѵԸϳ̫аʥӣ
˿ǲܵ飡
꣬һͨ˻һײΪ磬Ҳ޷ϳаʥӣ
Ϊӵ̫ܵϴӣʱ䣬аʥӽ⣡
Ǿ˵Ҫʱ֮ڣһ硭
пô
ԣȫааʥӶǺɵĿ
ıô
ûҪΪʱͿɱаʥӣ
û֪ΪҪֻվһԵֻأ֮һĨȻ
꣬ͬǸ߰ģԼϣҪһأΪͷѪ
ң֪ǰпѾõսʥĴУ
սʥϣΪ۵ĴڣĴȻҲͬģ
ɸս
˵䣬һǿսӷڱŷ羪κˣ籡ϯȫˣΪнһ
̫Σ
ڷƿⲻ·ϵһʯѣսҪľĶĥԼֱֻԼǿĶ֣ܸõļ޾ս⣡
һǰδеļѾȲҪƿ
ԣҪս
аʥһͣϵļ֮ɫҲɢ㵵Ŀǰ꣬ףǴģѵΪʱܳԽԼ
Զʥӵ۾΢΢ѾƵаʥӣźۼҡҡͷƮаʥԡ
ҴԼս
ʱаʥ˵ǻܣԣǰΧ
ܺã
Ƶɨһۣϵս⻺ת糤ϡ

һˬĴЦӷ糤Ͽдǰ꣬οкãйҷж
һ仰ʱõȫһ
Ī꣬Ȼ˼֮ˣ
ң
ϵļ壬۵ļ壬Ȼ䣬ǣĻԻױȵġ
еһУ˵һ仰֮б⿪
Ϊܿ壬Ϊ˻ֱӻ
˻
˲ɵĵһȻȴû뵽Ȼվڴ½۷ļӵܡ
ʱаʥصϣаʥӣЩΪͨ鱦׷ɱƵӵܣȫһҡ
кʲôаʥʲôʧȥ۱ķңаʥҲǷַ飬Ѷ£Щɣɳһˣ׵Ľ֮ڣ
һ˿Сһ꣬ʱͷϣƿ˵ˣ츳ݸǲ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һ㶹΢΢һЦûзĬ
ѪŨˮڷΪһŭоѾϿδ֪ķңѪϵ飬ǵ˽һ빲

Ĭϣ˸ǳĴЦ
꣬أժȡʥ˵Ĳȥ˱أӦضˣ
ȫˣе֣ҲҪΪ֮Ĳ
ֵطȥҲֻһ;òȴˣ
Ȼ֪ƾôģ֪ԼΣʱֶһŵƣӵŵƣ˥
Ϊֻд۲£
ɣ
糤ãһӣаϣаʥӣӱʥӣԱһɨɣ˹㳡֮⡣
ʱѾûȤȥɱаʥˣţǰᳬԽ̫壡
ߣȥ˵
糤һŷƱǳȥ
ЩȲҪ֪ƵˣΪڷҴδйκμ¼ף꾿Ǵðġ
ֻصɨһԶʥӣһ߽ͬС
ȻǷ֮ˡ
ʥ۾΢΢һĨĪľâĿһһһٵıӰһͬаʥȻȥ


677 ָ·
Уƹܵ۳ǵĴ干ͬڴ½֮ϣûκȥĴùͷǾֻһ;
ʱаʥ߾ŷġ
ԭȣǲ²ƴžĳҵӵܳ˵ˣҲûʲô˵£ھͲͬˣ۳Ƿңаʥ˵һȻаʥ֮Сɽ̩ɽĲࡣ
ԣڶηƻ᲻Ǻޣ׷аʥؾԻ⵽ԵĴ

Ϊ׵Ǹ̾һ֮ھǲ
ȻаʥҲʧȥյĹʣڵЩ
ΪʥһǿĵˣⲻҪģĵԼս
ʤ
»ʥĴ
ܣ
ҲʹаʥشӴˡ
˵··
棬һԵıʥһתһĨâ
ȿȣ
˼˼˵ע⣬º͵Цʵλ֪ˣ
ˣ
ǲܿ˹
ڵıأʵҲǹ˵ѣ˹˱ֵĺܴΪʥ֮һô֪ܲأ
ʵλ֪ܲѾפ۳ˡ
ʥǴһĨЦݣ˵
ʲôҪפ۳ǣ
˽һͫ͵һ
飬֪ϲѾʲôˡ
ЩѸٵͣ£ڶǿߣҼ߲ܣǴ֮ˣҲղ󣬶ңǵĿںǣȻ˵񡭡
ңЧҲܼѣһЩ֮˽֮һʱͻȻһ£Ϊˣˣǵһ磬Ȼ˱лɵ̬ǣ˶һƣֱޣë
ڣѾ͵ܹ۳Ҷˡ
û
𺳵Ŀ£ʥӻĵ˵ͷ
˻
˽ǵһһĨȻ
Ȼ֪ܴܹһʥأǣȴԶԶû뵽Ѿ͵ֳȻĵزˡ
ȻѾ˼λҲͲʲôˡ
ʥһЦΪص˵λפ۳ǣѡľǷң
ʲôң
˽һЩĪĿ
ⲻ˵ҪҸϳ۳ô
Ǻǣûе۱ķңѾһͷûݵϻΪˡ
ʥϵЦͣ˵Ļȴõķƺյıʥء
һֱű˿ںŵĴˣʵһͷ˲¹ͷĴϻϴռ˱ʥأϾɱ׷ɱƺڻûֹͣ
ڶϷңӦҲȡһĴʩɣ
ڣȴҪģǷ˶ϣʵƱش
뵱꣬פ۳ǣΪ۳ǵһңһֱ˷˸ǣǣڼǧǰҵ۱ʧ֮󣬷Ҿһֱ·ӵһ˵ףۺĵ֧ţͱϳ۳ˣ
Σ˶ϣҵĵλֻ᧿Σˡ
ǣǱ۳ǵķңҲԶԶаʥܹģձһаʥضڷ˵ǲ÷Ѵ֮ԣҲûʲôø˵ġ
۳֮ʮһĽֻʤϣʸսȨ
ʥ΢΢һЦ˵ڹڹͲţҲȥⳡϸӮһеĺôŹǲĵġ
˵ĻʱõļĶһ
԰˰һ֣պаʥ鷳ʱ򣬹˿϶Ӳ
й˵֧֣ǾͲҵıˣ
ż˵ɫʥǲźۼ䡣
ΣǴһ
ʥӣ˵ʲôʽɣ
аʥӴʱûȫָԣΪ׵߽ӵĿ󣬱ǳʵ
ϾҲ±˸̲ˡ
Ǻǣ
ʥĻܲǵͽ͵ºһҵıʥӣҿԵõ޶ĽȻѡ鸽ˣҲǿԵġ
ԭ
˽˿
Ļǻܹܵġ
лʥ棡
߶űʥӹ˹֣¶һͱ˻ǮЦݡ
Ǻǣǰﻰȹѹأϵְڡ
ʥϵЦݸŨˡ
ţ˱Խ̸ԽǢܿһҡ


678 
֮ڣһľԺ䣬糤һ·ҴҵŷƱǽ˴ֻҲǸ˽
ʲô֣
ƨɻûϣ糤ϱǶŷѯʵ
ɼżĳ̶ȡ
ƣ
ǴһĨ΢Цش
ղһʱΣϵĴˣҲѾõ߰˰ˣɫҲѾָ
ƣ
糤һ㶣üͷ΢΢
Ժеļ䣬ҲûҵƥʱЩɵĿŷơ
꣬Ǵðģ
ҿ塣
뵽棬۾һŷơ
壬ǷҺӵܲӵе壬ҲʶݵҪƾ֤
壿
΢΢һ㶣һԴЦ⿴Լʱ˹Ϊ˻֪ԼǷӵˡ
֣ժһֻڲϵ壬ݷ˵ϡ
Ȼҷҵ壡
֣糤ϱǸӦ˳Ŀŷơ
治ˣôԼ֪ĺӵܴأѵ廹Լ֪Ľṹ֯ǰ֮һ
ʵö岢ҵģһλǰڼģ
΢΢˶ɫЩĽ͵
ģ
糤üͷһ֡
ҺӵܣÿһĹ鴦ȷļأ⣬ҲᱻѰʬԱÿһ嶼ôġ
ļƽʵҵôһλӵû䴦
ţ糤΢΢һţðһѪ뵽֮ڣӦѪ
ʱ˽ǿĶΪϵƵʵݣ
ȡģʹˣ
ˣ
䣬һǴӷ糤е֮ڴ˳һĨŨŨѪɢĪĴϣġ
ֱӴӷ糤˳ϵĻζϣϲϣΧĿռҲһƣɢļµϣһױȵѹȸС
أ
ڵαֱѿĪɷĩ䡣
ֻԪǣһһϾϯǵɫҲܲÿ
ǣ糤ȴ崺磬ˬϵϴӣƺȪһ㣬˿ûκεѹ
ǡ
糤۾ǲϵ壬зĲг
ԼҵĵôܸӦΪϣȻǵȴҲܹϵϴӣϤϢõ޷ǣ

ֻһ
һصѪֻдۺпܼ̳У֮ڣд۶Լ֮ĸܣʥܣǵӵ£֮
ǣ޾£ѪѾȴЩϵĵۼңѾʮҲٳһλ
ǷңʵҲòȥǧһλ֮ˣѾǷǳ˲ˡ
ڵķңҲǻе֧֮ţԲһֱȵסԼĵλû۳ǡ
ɼҪԡ
Ҳ΢΢죬Ҳ֪澹Ȼǵ֮ˣңԵҲ˽⣬Ŀǰ֪ǲĴڣ
һλ壬Ϲŵۼңǧһλ֮ˣɼε죬ʲôۼҿ⣿
ҲһЩϹҳʢԭ֮һ
ѵȻǷ壿
糤ϳ˼һ֮󣬶ʱٴξ֮¶𺳵ɫ
棿
һĿ
ѪԿ
糤תΪٵĴߴٵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ΢΢ָһѪǴָ˳΢һڼ˵ע֮£Ѫǵ֮ϡ
Ѫճ֮֮󣬷糤ԵЩţ䣬ɫǱһƬϲ
ΪƵѪҺȻ׵׵뵽֮ڣ
ҲʹƵȷߵĺᣡ
Ƿĺ᣿
糤ϴżɫʵ
š
ע£صĵ˵ͷ

糤ĺ˿ϵļɫһУȡ壬ɨһ˵ԶֻˣһԲŷƳźȥ
棿
˼Ҳûҳһֵ
ӵеһ㶼ͷĴ棬ȴǴδţЩɻˡ
ܵ˵ȴ֤ʵ˷ƵȷǷ֮ˣȻѪҺᱻȡ
⵹˿


679 ͬһ
ң
һʯŵƿһҳڷǰ
ʹԸң켶ͫҲᱻϵԣ飬κҲ͵ˡ
ҲҲͶʮƽĴǽϣǶһ貵侧ڵһյͨ
ر֮󣬷糤ϱǻ˽ǰ꣬ϵɫ˼ڴ
أ
糤ĺ˿ѹе֣ʳ
桭
ϵɫȥ˵ĵѾŶˡ
ˡ
ԣ糤ɫһȥ
̾һߵһԣһƤ֮󣬱СĽǺ˳
ǹǺȴɹǣ֮⣬ϣһɺһģ˲оͲĤݵ¡
ƹȥߵ
桭
糤վǺģ֮бˮӯҲ΢΢ЩǰȥȻɫ
˼ģʱõķһ㶣Ϊʧ̬
ڣ
˱ݵĸߺˮݺᡣ
ڣôĶһ֧ôˣء
ͬһСһ
¶˿٣һԵķıᣬˮҲ˳¡
˵ıߣҲԵɡ
ң޾µĴУڣΪ̫ϳϣÿһ̫ϳִһ֧ԣڵ۳ǷұΪķ֧ڶС֧еС֧֧֮ϣ̫ϳϹϽ
Ȼ󣬾ǳãÿһ֧ѡһϽ볤֮ڡ
ǰΪᣬǳóԱ֮һϸ˵ڷ֧ΪĻԻͣǣڷߺȴ׵ı飬ڣ֧Ѿ֧ȡޣΪһûƵС֧һ֧֮ڡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪΪ֧ķ潫ҵĵ۱ʧӶõķҴӴį
̫ˣڣ֧ˣһֱǻڵУ
ѪŨˮңҴҲ¹ѵӵܿԻ棬ǲûɱȻ֧пͱ޳ˡ
żȴ⡭
̫ϳеʱ֧շһȻ֧ҲԼͻˡ
ˣ֧ҲǷ֮ٵһ֧ˣ
ԭ򣬾ΪѰ۱Ҳǵʱ֧Ÿ֧ˣ߽ÿһأԣ֧ŵл֮죡
ڹ꣬Ҿͻ߽أȥѰҷҵĵ۱
֮ھһƬȻᶨ
Լ֧ҲǱҪģǲ֧ʹ˶Ͼ߽ˣ
ţʵǶԣҲһĥѣ
ϵĥѣ
Ͼ֮ԻнįȫԼʧ˵۱ɵģҪģǾܵΪ˸Ҳԥ
۱
΢΢һ㶡
ˣΪλһΪλҲأ
ɻʵ
Ƿ顣
֣óǷƤѪ飬ݸ˷ᣬţȥͷ­صĿڵϣ벻𣬡ڣܿˣѾ˰꣡ǷѪ飬΢΢ٴθֳỨ
ˣаż֮Уһʥ֮Ĺ涨Ϊ䣬Բʣ硭
˴Ų˵
벻澹ȻȥһСôʹûǷأ
֮ûǱȥ룬ҪΪķ棬ѾǼʥˣ˭뵽һСڣ
˵䣬˵Ŀڷϣ˿ȴѹֲסеļʵ۱أ

һ죬߱񽣴ӷ˳ϵɢƥĴϣѹһС
߱񽣰۱
貳ˮݺᣬģ۾
Ƿҵĸĸû޷۷壬ҲǷҴ˻֮
ˣ
ƺǸӦѪϵϵ߱΢΢ݵʱ֮ڣոǳ
ʱǧ꣬۱վҪعˣʹҵĻԻͣʼ
ֻǣį˼ǧ֮󣬷ҵĵ̣ȴҲǱĥʣ޼ˣ۳һȣֵһˣҲ޷֮ˡ


680 
ڷģǷ·ҵģһң
̧ͷϣᶨ˵
̶̼ǧ꣬Ҵӵ۳ǵһңܵ׵ĵز˵Լһɵġ
÷ֻԻͣΪԼΪ岻ݴǵ
ãð
ۺᣬãƷ
ŷΪǰ꣬صĴڣ
ƾһ㣬ʸ˵仰
Ϊֻм´۲飡
˵۱
ƺ뵽ʲô飬һⶶǼʵôģ
ʲô
һ㶣Щס
۱ôģ
Щˣק˷Ƶֱۣϵ׷ʣȴΪ˵Ĳ̫·ƲҪʲô
۱ôģ
˼ƽеļ΢΢Ĳʵ
ʮңѪͿ˰
Щ˵Լʲôһ㣬ȾƸʮ
Ҳȷʮôġ
˵Ե۱Ѫˣ
۾ԲҲࡣ
ʱ֮ڣʮ˵ѪҲŵѪˡ
һڽͣԽԽȥȴɻԼĵˣ
㣡
ɫǱļŷƣ֮ھǿϲ֮飬֪۱ֻе֮˲ſɵѪ
ʲô֮ˣ
Ҳһþ˵ãż૵ô˵̺˵
û
ĺ˿ǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ֮ڵļɫȴɢ
۱ֻϵ֮ˣ
еۼҵĳʶ۱ܣҲֻõܼ߶̵֮ˣ˵ӳ۱ܣãҲ޷
۱ĸ߰˵󡣾ʥˣԴܰᶯ۱ȴҲ޷ʹã֮ȴΪȡ۱ʵ
ԣڷỺ֮󣬼ķƾȻ۱Żἤ״Ρ
ΪɾǴƣҲһλ̵֮ˣ
ѵⲻɣҷŵ۱뿪ǧͻ˵۱һλ֮ˡ
ɫЩãૣѵҷ٣֮ԡô
⵽Ǿ˵ɺϣ翵أ
˸
һȴ֪۱ع飬һλ֮ˣѾҼٴԻˣ
ҲǼãȻ
ڶ̶̵µУѾڶαڱҵͷˣϸ˵ǵˣ
ս촫Уӵ
ÿһԿɳɾһλǿߣƾһվ۷壬ǣڶ̶֮ڣȴӵ֮࣡
һʱ䣬ȻϲͷԣЩӦˡ

ĴЦޱȡ
ЦУ˽ѡ
ǵģˣһ֧ˣӴ˽ˣ
۱ع壬֮ˣع壡
֧ΨһǷ·ҵģһʢķˡ
սȭͷ֮һƬᶨ
Լٴ۷壡

ˣӴЦǷĵģ
ˣλҶǴģ
˹󣬷Լ֮ǰҪʵ⡣
Ȼһֱ룬ȴû֤ʵԣЩĲ¡
Ͼǿʥǵذһܹڳ˿췽ҹ̷
λҶ
һڴ֮˹
аУôҪʥȻҪѹУȻѹסЩϹŶ
Ǵժȡġ
ԼڣҲˣƱʵ˵
˻
ŷƽĻ᲻΢΢һ
üһ½֮һأѵԼҺԺһôޱȵõĵĲ
ôģ
ٴһ֮󣬲ʵ
Ȼ߽ȥˡ
ɵ˵ţõǳ˳顣
ৣ
һѽڵСק˳ʼĽ˵ʵ뵽غ֮ƽɽҲ޷ȥЩʥһȥժġ
Щ£Լʱʵ̩çײˡ
ժģ
ŷԲһţ۾Բˡ
û˿Сܹأ
һӦ˾ǲţ󣬼ķɫŽĿ·Сϡ
ȻܲԸţƺʵ


681 ˱ˣ
ʲô
߳ȥʣаųǣϵϡˣµƿС˽֪Ľأ߱
ǣȴһĳˣ
ܲţʵͰǰȻôλҶǴģ
ͬҲû͵飡
ԣֻѡܣңǰ꣬Ҳûһ˵ѵӣرǣë׵ȻԻ¶ţ飬˵ͨ飬õķҲľѡ
Ҳһժȡģ
ôǲι
˵䣬Щ
ιǾԵʥκ˷ķܹǵڷãİҲпܣ
İ
ͻ˷񣬾ʥҲջ󰡣
š
Ƶ˵ͷ֣óһװιֱӵݵϣ䣬û˿ԥ
ֻһڷ޼۵ģǾ飡
κζģ
ણ
Щƿеĺиǣʱܰ˱ǣƢֱӱ˳˽ȥ޷԰Ρ
棬ڷŵһöһĹʵȭͷôӨ˸ء
ιι
ἤľƺҪйеĸо
⴫˵еʥİڷǰʱָоģ޷ѹеĸо
ÿһλι֮˵ı֣ԣˣҲûж⡣
㣡
ŴһЦܼ꣬ҡ
Ȼ֮ǰһֱôģܼʥﻻҩ
ãȫԼУҲв
һ뵽;ĵʹ
ܼӰ֪ʥ
˼һ֮ҲͻȻˡ
һؾͺ͹԰ƵģƼƷʥιϣȷһ궾ҩ֮
ϣ˭֪˱ˣˣΪҳųԱһֱ̫ڣ׵Ĵ󳹴ˣ
ʣ˭ܽʥﵱСƷˣ
𰸣˴ۣǰһˣ
һһеãֻһ䣬һóʮֱǵ͵Ĵܼӣ
㻹ͳȥ٣
Լܲסƽ¸ʵ
ţҲû٣žöιλʮƬҶţôˡ
һƱһƽ˵ģͳȥôײһҪǷжǷᡣ
ȥһöιȥһλȥһöιһλʮƬҶ˳ءʮƬҶ
⻹Ǽ˾ʥˣ
ϾʥˣͲʥˡ
˻
һ׼ʱǵһ
üһܼӻû˿ľ򣬿ԼбҪܼӺúõһÿˣȻָ۱Ҳˣ
ʥǰײˣ
۾ҧгݵĺǳ
֪
Ƶ˵ͷ
Լһժȡģв֪֮
㣡
ŷЩɵģһ˿ѹҪĳ嶯ðɣڿʼϵκʥ͸Щɵˣ
һΪ˸мȻʮƬҶ֪ԼΪŪһƬҶҪѶľô
á
Ƹ뷴ʲôȴ۾Ҫ˵ģʱЩ˻ȥͷӦ
ȴ룬ɵˣͿˣ
ţ
Ӧĵ˵ͷͬʱҲĽʮвɫ
ТԼڣȻģ
иԼһʵɡ
ˣ˵㻹ȥһ˱أ
ΪɻһռôĶҩ֮ʲôãѵǶʦɣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲûʲôġ
㡭
ڷٴʻ䣬Ʒּͽ߲óһö
Ϊʱ̫ʱˣֻ˳ժȡöҲûжôԣҾûȥժˡ
˲һӣ˵һܹȫǿߵĻ
㣡
һɫǵͨ죬ȴ˵
ԷƵĻôġ
Ϊ̫ʱ䣬ԣ·ߵʥһֵĿҲûˣңʥΪ֮ʥΪû·ߵĴײãҲû˷ʱٻȥժˡ
ѪĻѾˣ
Ϊ˱Լеķ߿ԥĽóö߲˹
ûõĴײˣԼ

˿֮ѹе𾪣һصĽ£㻹ҪıܣԼˣܣʵڱô
ˣ
Ҳĵ˵ͷ
еĵȻҲǱ˵֪Լӵʥȫµǿ߻һӵϰ


682 ж
ţ
ķƵı֣ĵ˵ͷʵˣռЩҩ֮ʲôãѵǶʦɣǶʦҲòռȫɣ
ҲǶʦ
ҡҡͷЦЩҩ֮Ǹ׼ġ
ںˣѾ׼ȫˣͷ֮һЩҩ֮Ҳûжѹˡ
ûУʥһڳǧǿ߶ȥռԣڵǲôˡ
׼ģ
۾
һܼҰܵҲ̫˰ɣңΪ˱˻רȥһ˱أ
湻Ҫģ
һλҩʦľ棬Ϊժȡ߲ƾһҩ˱غġ
ǱɱģǱĴĶܻѹģ
ﶾѳʵʣñ޾߽ȥܹܵˣ
ǰͽȥˣҺ԰ֹժȡ˶ҩ֮֮׵ıͷһ˳ժȡö߲
ΪŮ
Ȼ֪ʲôʵ˵
Ů
һЩӦ󣬲ŻعЩŹֵһ۷ƣԭ
ǲףҲʮ꣬Ůܹ󣿼ˣΪҪ綾֮ıͷжҩ֮أ

ص̾ϢһԵЩЩ⣬ҪЩҩ֮
Ȼжҩ֮룬ǣȴûСȥʹ
ΪСαҪԳжҩԵĴ壬պƿ϶壬˸治ˣ
һ뵽ƾһĵʹ
ǼСΣҪȥֳ޷򶾴֮ʹ⾿˭Ĵ
⣿
Ʈһüͷķƣỹûȥֻ˼ĵ˵ͷֹһ䣬Ҫô඾ҩ֮湻ġ
ڣʱ˳ŵУüͷ΢΢ƺڿЩʲô
ˣ
һ֣ЩٵĶԷ˵²˳٣һطң
ڻȥ
ԵЩԥˡ
ռ֮ڵʱܵĪļ£ģӦ˳ʲôˣڣҲǰŵģǷŲȥԣʱ;Ҫһ˺ʥɽȷһŮ
λ֪
ƽ֮󣬷һۣȻĵ˵ͷǴһĨЦ⣬Сӣôҵϱܲµ֧˶㣬Ҳ벹䲹ˡ
ŮӢۣ˳ɫֻ֪⻹Щ
̫ˣ
ԷƵ䣬һŮˣȷѾܲˣ
ȻȻȥһˣҰź᰷ң׼ʱס۳ǰɣҲȥһܵϴ֮££ͱڴ˻ϣô
궼ˣҲһʱˣ˳˷Ƶ⡣
лڣ
ϲĳ
˱ǸֻȻĳаųǣźʳȥᣬǸϻ˵۳ǷңΪְ֮Ļعˡ
ţĻع鲻ֹǷҵԼһҲֻԻˣ

֮ڡ
һļžصӣܹһС

ͻأģصĺĴƽɽ֮񷣬ֽͬһıͽ˺¶һƬ嫺ǿ
һŻµӣɫƽĴǿ֮һһ˳ص֮ϣһɣƺ˿ûܵӰ졣
Ȼӵ֮ˣڸӦǵĲ
ӾôԼǰĿ˵š
ߣѵҵĸӦô
һӵ´˳һ춯Яŵĵ⡣
ǵշСӵĺᡭ
ûԹԵ˵
ʵΪǣһֱû뿪һֱղš
շСӣѵǵΪſڿ˾žŰʮһյǸǿСӣ
ЯһЩ죬벻Ȼ¶
ЩҪҪǣӵǣһ
ɫһ࣬ص˵
û
Ҳûзʲô˵޷£ͽˣҪʱչչôˣЩһĽָٴһˣٺ٣Ӧù˶ãҾͿԳȥطˣɵӰ
Ҳȥ׼׼ˣ
ӳĺ˿һƽɽһۣһ֣ռ䣬ƿնȥ


683 ֪һ
ľɽ಻ϣڲʱĴ޺֮ĺԶʥɽԭʼɽ֮С
ৣ
⼱ӶƬԭʼֵУȺɽ֮ȥ
ˣ
ǰͬԴһľ󣬷ĺ˿֮ȴûʲôϲأ˵ǣǻô
ৣ
ӰվڷǰΪĿˡ
ʲôˣΪôʥɽ
һϴʵǰǳһ˫۾ֻϣ˿ɡ
ϣовѹ
һ۷壡
ɨһۣӵΪƱǿУǸ΢΢һЦ֣˳˵λֵܲýţҲʥɽһӣ·ơ
Ƿƣ
ƻҪһ˭֪űԼ֣ӱǲľõķΪ֮ס
ʥɽûס೤ʱ䣬ңΧѣΨһһγͷϣѾȥһʱ䣬Ӧˢ˰ɣ
û
عƵ˵ͷЩɵĿǰӡ
ģҪֱȥʥʥ
Ӷһ֮һǶŷ˵
ֱȥʥ
ԣƵüͷǻУӿһɲõԤУңԽԽǿңʱɫҲȥ
ǧܳ°
ĬĬţֱӳ۷ȥģֻؽҲûһͬ
ʥɽ۷壬ƣԶԶȥһ񽣣εضֱһǿҵӾ
һʯĹھƵɽ֮ϣͬ˵סڡ
ৣ
ĵӰ֮ǰĹ㳡ϡ
Ǿ͵ˣʥ˾ʥڡ
ͣ˽Ųŷ˵
š
ûж˵ֻ΢΢˵ͷǳȥֻؽӼ߽˹֮󣬲Ƕһۣ˫˫ԾȥûС

ƣ
ķ˽һ㶣վ
ʥ
Ƴ֣ɫǳء
ףǳʲô£߸ϵʥԵ޹ʵټԼ
Ůǳˣ
һ뵽ĲɾǺݺһ飬һױȵʹɫʱЩס

̾һһԵʥʹʹ˸ɫߴӼҴҵ˳ȥ󲻾ã³Աһͬ
Сӡ
ǰ꣬³һɫоΡ
³ϣʲô£
ģƸһҰףקߵֱ׷ʵ
̫ͣиУ
³Եܳ˫֮ڵǸΣõķƵ˼
ġ
³˿ǽ֮ǰһһʮȫгûмκεΡ
ܹ˺ƿռʥˣһ޷ֻһһѹõһָͷҲã
ʥˣ֮壿칬
ԽƵüͷԽŮֻǱ°߶ѣûܵκε˺еʹ΢΢ᡣ
֮ǰ֪ʲˣǣ³Զʱ֮׵ˡ
Ȼ̶Ԫͳ˳ƷȣܴﵽʥƷ
ֱһ˼飡
ܹ׾ԪĴȣѾˣҲԤϵķֻǣȴû뵽ᷢôѡ
ڣȴڻɣڵͨԵԪô
ҲһΪ˲֪ңžǱܱǻᱻļ
ܱʥ壬ʣʥˣҲȻ£Ϊӵˣһ㶼ǸʥʥӼĴڣ
Ǹʥ˴ĿģӴʥһķƣҲֵ
˵һĪĻԵ
֮壿칬
һԵֻ֮ĮһĨ𺳡
ƣо׽ڵĨɫʱڱһĨ˼
һ죬ڷҲԭȾһֱܲ򵥣һֱ׵Ľаʥӽٳ֣Ʋ֪һʵֹǲ򵥣ֱǿֲ
Ȼܹ̫ܣѾ˵һˣ
һܹӴ磬ѩֲ࣬εĴڣضҲἫΪ¡


684 
³ϣⲢĴ
³ѵɫƽеƽ˵
³Բ磬ôʥ࿹أ
Ʋһǵˣ෴ģ˵ֵûΪ³롮ħʱиǷ
³һӦǿľ֮壬ʵ˵һ£
Ҳܹӵʥ˵ܼôŮǣԳԲ˿
ڷ˵ЩǴҪģ칬ڷ񣬲ҪҪǣŮƽ£
칬
һѾָɫֻأʱûʳ
⡭
³ԽǲĿ
ԭ뵽ƴĳ沢ûг֣ңǰ껹ƽĳ棬ǺΪ⡣
ʵӦøлλŶԣллλһֱչˡ
ĺ˿ǴһĨѵõĵЦ³ԡ˹֣ţλʥ˴ûж⣬ҲǸǴһԵҲ˵أ
ת䣬õ³˷Ӧڸ˷ưοˡ
Ȼڲͬ
һĨп
³˵ôţһλ켶ҩʦʥعϼĴڣôദ
ڣƵı߸˶켶ҩʦĿ
Ʋûжŭ෴ģó侧ָ³ԡ
λ
ʥͣ÷˵ĺеֶȻܺãǣй¶˳ȥ£ǸʱԼͲлǣںˡ
侧ôóˣ
ŷƽɫ˲һ
뿪ʱ䣿Ѿӵ˵Ĵֱʣ侧Ѿúʳάֿʮˣ
Ŀǰ侧˵Ӧ㲻ʲôˡ
һ뵽ǰ˿һλ߹켶ҩʦв΢΢Ȼ
ʥʹϵ˴ʥȣȻظһ֮ǰĻ棬ҲûСóİ侧ֳɸˡ
ţô侧
ɨһ۽ָڵ侧ϵԲ۾˵С뿪ǲרȥٶʯˣ
㡢ͯ壬Ҳ˼Ŀ
һȷǸ𺳵ˣİ侧ǼֱĿһԵҲͷԷΡ
ʲôݳޣͽݳޣ
ǺǣӦòɡ
ΪصһЦ
ٵȻǶʯʵҲ࣬ǸʥӣѾǽʥصĶʯϴһˡ
侧ʥ˵ʵʲôʥ˵ֻ챦ڡ
ʵģҼʥҽʥء
֮£һʵɡ
ԭǼʥҽʥء
³нǻȻ
ǰһλ켶ҩʦʥҽʥأֱӾͿܵϼĴ˵侧ǧ侧˵ҲǶƤӵ¡
һֶڲƸ֮ϣǾҩʦǡþǸݻĶ֣
Ը⣬ҿԽǽʥҽʥأϾô˵Ҳǹ
ǰˣгţֻҪһĻһΪĴڣ
ʥҽʥأ
˵ʵڵģϼ˶ʥزǺ˽⣬ǣƽһʥڣĽһ֮󣬼˲ɵĵһ
ʥɽѾǳȻˣǣڸʥУʥɽǵ׵Ĵڶѣ
ÿһڵдÿһʥأʥ򣡡
˵ҲǸпɫ
ʳ
Ʒ⣬ʵЩʥУڲ
ʧ٣ҲûȥʳѰѾ˵һС
ĿԽʥأ
ϼҲѾʶˣԼ˵һĪĻԵЩȵĿŷơ
Ȼ
Ƶ˵ͷǾ˵ĻԴаųǵĴֱȥʥҽųǣҩʦᣬἰҵ֣ͿԽʥҽʥˡ
Ҫ֪ڷƵݣɲ򵥵ֻһλ϶ѣ֮ũҩӵߣ˵ʥҽʥصˣ˵ֻǽܼˣǽʥɽ˽ܽȥҲûκε⣡
֮󣬳ˡħϣ㣬ͯ壬ǴӦ
ֻԵɲеģһݻԵԸıһ˵һˣڷƿڵʱ˾Ѿıˣ
ħ֣ʶߡ
߽ħʵõĺһ
Լʥ̵ʥŮôܲʶأ


685 ؼ
Ǻǡ
ġħ΢ŵɫһЦ˵ǺܺõѣǺҪõѣħ־ͷİɣ
ѣ
ħ΢΢һЩĿ
ǰʥҽʥصĹϣô붾ʦʥ̵ʥŮأ
벻ףǣǰƺֲ˵ѵӡ
ħ֣ûȥˡ
Ʒŵ˵һ֮󣬱ǴЦ³ԡ
³ϣҸ徻ĵطȸ
񣬷Ѿʵʵ켶ҩʦ³˵Ѿʲôˡ
ã
³ǼŷƱһľСԺ
һСʱ֮ĥ³Լʮͷȫɾһ˿
лʦ
³м˵֣óǸװгӵУݸ˷ơ
һλ켶ҩʦֵĴۣʵ̫һѣûʸԣֻרľܹ֮ͨ鱦Ϊʦǲʸ켶ҩʦڡ
С¶ѡ
УƵһЦֵˣ³ȤĻԺͳϼһͬʥҽʥأиּƷϣ³ϵ֮ͨ鱦ҲǲܵŶ
³ԣһλʦңƾĿǰĹףţͨ鱦ǳ⣡
ΪʳܹṩĲϣʵ̫ƶˣ龧Ҳûܹͨ鱦
⡭
³Ķˣǣһ뵽ʳĶԥˡ
³ϣӦɣ
ӷ˽˵
ղ³ԵԥѾ˵һ֮ˣ³ԵĳɾͣҲܴʳķչ
Ȳ³Եǰֶ̣Ժкô飬ΪβӦأ
Ȱ£³ԻǴӦ³ԡϡͯ塢㣬ȥʥҽʥأħǻȥ˰Ӱʥֻ̣أ᰸ȥ
ֻʱ䣬ɵ鲻ˡ
һһأǸ·Ҫһµʱ䣬ԣֻʥɽסһϵ˳̸һޣڶһǶϵ˸

꣡
ʣĨǻתۣŲ
ֻ֡
Ʋͷֻʵ칬Ǹʲô
ǿ
ֻظɰͰ͵³ɫء
ȻΪһɱ֯ɱˣ칬ҲҵģЩɵ
ɱΪ֮ɵɼ칬жôĲˣ
ǿ
һ㶣ֻϵأҲֿʵʥһȣΣ
ֻصĿһۣµʥأʳ𣡡
ʲô
͵һ֮һĨȻ
ʳʥǰʲô
ʥɳһ˾׵ĽһĨǲ˵칬ɳһ˾һʥأ
ֱţ
Ҫ֪ϴιâ˹˱ʥأҲ˺ܴĴۡ
Ǿ͵˵칬ǹâˣǲĴڣ
ôأ
ҡͷš
ңڵ۳ǵļ壬ѾǴ˴½۷ˣ칬ǿôΪβפ۳أ
֪ΪΣͻȻľ뵽ռң
ƿԵļ壬ͬģҲĬĬţʥصʥǶû˵ڡ
ռص̫ʥûʸӴĴڣ
֮ǰһֱΪǰߣǣֻ칬֮󣬷ȴǾãӦںߣ
ϣԼ֪飬սĹǴΣضǿƥӣǳ嫵
ⲻӦĵط
ôʲôطǸȥĵط
ԽԽˣ֣ǰ䣬һƬãã͸
Ҳ۳ǷӦ˽Щأ
֮ȥ칬ŮӻΪԼӣһİ£
ֻΣȴû˵ʲô
һĸ·ǻص
ǣѾܱȻʳˣڣһƬȻڳڿ˼ҶʯֻǣȴǺһ㣬ϾᰵڣﲻʳڵˮƽԣҲûôȥʯġ
ֵǣ硢ңڵ֪Ϣ֮ȴЩƣҲû֮ǰϲϢ
һ·ûֱͣ˷ҴԺ֮⡣
ˣ
ŽµأϹŵĴġ硯֣ƵһܰĻȡ
ԼļңΪԼˣ
үˣ
ſڵĻܿͷ˷ƵĴڣǼĽлˡ


686 ҹ̸
Żһк֮ڱǴ֮糾뼸λϿ첽˳һЦӯӯķƣ糾Լлƶ
ԼĶӣӹţڣȴһδйǲĸ߷壡
Ůʥ°ߣʳʥŵǸѾ˵Ĳ򵥡
һʳη壬֪
ǰѾ𽥳ĶӣһĨԺ
ף
ҲЩǰĽе
ãͺã
ŷƵֱۣ糾סĵͷ
ѾӴǰδеҫ˵ڵķ˵ѾˣڣϣǣԼһܹƽͿˣ
ţ뵽飬ʱɫЩ
ס
ϵɫƱ֪ʲôȰο飬Ѿ֪ˣ׾ͷİɣǲ£ЩӣҾȥǻ
ӻ
糾һ㶣һᶨģбǷãȥ˵
УϣûԼ飡
°ŮʥˣţԼĶӣҲһܽŮӻ
ңңˣǵõϢ׷׸ңһʱ䣬֮ڱ˷Ƶı֤үӣ˷Ƿ
үӾͲ˵ˣԷƣǾԵΣ˷Ҳţ꣬һڴ漣ˣΪĿһ漣ķ
Уʱڣ˱㶼ǹϵЦݣշǳǢ
ƶ
شӺԺ֮󣬶ʱˮӯ

ǰѾΪ˵ĸףƹȥĿͷ
۰ԼĸףԶ޷һܰĻ档
ԼοԼԼǰʱ򣬹ԼõԼȹһѹء
ĸ˽ģԼȴûһӦûûоТ
ɵӣϽ
۾죬ķ
ڣÿһĻˣɵĶǰԵͷԷܹӵзӵܸеȡ
ĳɾͣѾһ޷ĳ̶ȣ
󣬷ҲǺܴ󷽵ó侧ֱүӣ˷죬Ǿ޶侧Ȼõļ˾
ÿһεĳ֣ر֤ͬĽȣݣر
ǰ˭뵽˵ĳɾͣ
죬ǸСǵļ壬Ѿݵ˻ʳ֮ϣ
ֻأһֱĬĬվһԣĿŴÿһ˵ɫ仯֮ǰ
ȷĳɳֻ̣漣ݣʣͬȻ£̶ֳȣ
ʳѾƶ񤲻ˣǣСǼ߳꣬ȴòĿ࿴
ֱҹҵϯ糾ٴǼ֮ڡ
ףѾϵ˵۳Ƿˣ
£Ʊֱ˵
ģ
糾һ۾
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷǽ龭ŵ˵һ飬ͬʱ۳ǷģԼһֻǣȴδἰҴʱٵΣ
۳ǷңȻʳҪǿ󣿡
糾һĨ˼顣
ܹ뵽ǿˡ
Ȼʳ޷֮⣡
󣬷Ʊǽаţķֲ˵һ顣
Ȼǿ󡭡
Ƶı֮󣬷糾˵
ûˣͷǾ䣬ɳһ˾һʳ׾ˡ
˭뵽һСڵļ壬Ȼӵͷ
ţ
ƿ϶ĵ˵ͷ˵Ѿȥ۳ǰˣºҽһͬǰ۳ǷңҽǱ߰źãʱ򣬿ҪټǨˡ
û⣬ѵǲǾǲТ
糾˵ͷһѪ˵һǿķңں˵ĳɳҲ
һ֮ο͸һǿļ壬ֻԽԽǿʢһСļ壬ֻԽԽСԭģǸԼĵϣ
ڣֹΪТΪԼĺˣ
󣬷糾ǿʼְǨƵˣƣǰĵߣ֮ʱȥ䳡ָһӵܣӹɶ̹
ңȵ˵۳ǵڵҪ񣬻Ҫ÷Ҷɹǰѹء
ʵõ޴
ἰԣƺڴ
ᰴ˽ʱ䣬ֻٴζаųǡ


687 ޶֮
۳ǣһֱ񻰵ɫʣĹʱڸһ仰õ۳ߵ£
û֪仰ôģд˵۳֮ͨһռͨǸռΪɽ磡
ɽ磬Ϲ񻰵ʼԴеoĿռǣϹŴ֮½ͨɽͨȫ飬ڣ½ֻʣµ۳Ψһһ
ԣĹʱڰ˴Ϊ۳Ƕ󶯸ɸ꣬ɱ¾ۣΪԭ򣬰˴˳½̨۳ǣھͱһЩϹżռݡ
硢ļң
ȻҲǳʼļңÿʮ꣬ͻһЩǿսĴ壬ڣ۳ļѾˣзңӻĹʱھһֱǵ۳ǵһңֱǧǰǴα䶯ʧ˵۱Ҳʧ˰ʸ

һƬĴ½һۿߣڣɽˮƣɽˮ֮䣬һԺӣһСݣĵ׺ڣⷽС磬ǷҵĴӪ
ˣ
ŴһһҺɫĴ󴬴ڵռʻ˳
վڴԵİ˸ڸӦһ֮󣬱Ƿ˾衣
ৣ
ӴԾ˳֣սָڣɨһΧֱ̫ϳϵסȥ
ڣ֧Ҳ̫ϳϣһ֧ûƫˣķ֧ϴ
ˣϰˣȻǳŵĳϣǣΧһͨĻҲûиɫ
зӵܿһ֧ˣǷҵˣ޷ԭµ
һв׺ɣ
ǧǰǺεȵĻԻ֧ͣÿһӵܣڷǶĴڣڣȴף˭Ҳδ뵽顣
ΪõǰΪԻ͵ʱһλʦңʱԤԣ˵֧һǰδеĸ߶ȡ
Ǹʱ˽ţΪ֧ˣȷǸ֮ҲƵǣһȴǡǡ෴ʦµԤԣܶ˶Ѿǣ㻹ǵõģǵǸЦѣ
ʧ˵۱һ٣ķ֧пܴŷԻô
ȷҲǸʦһʱϷ԰ˣ


СˮԱһСéݣǼªںˮһԣһ϶ƣϡˣ۾һͣˮ棬ڵ㡣
һֲ԰ףûаһͨͷһ㡣
ԣһ龫ֵŮͬҲѧģֻǣǲת飬ȴǳ̬
һɫȹͷںСӣ۵Ķ䣬һɫ׹׹ҡμ䣬΢öɽȪ뽸ʯö£һ˫ںڵ۾Եʮֵ鶯۵ݻЩۣഺ
ৣ
ԶԶ߶ûзʲôƺ¾ˮе󣬾վûг
ţ
ŮӦͷƫͷҪˣȴʾҪˡ
Ȫˮˣʱ仺ţһƽƺҲ˸Ⱦһ㣬ž޲˻ɢһĨӹϡ
ף
ͻأģ˵ĵ͵һ۾ֱ΢΢һᣬһƴĺβǸˮ棬
ĵˣ
һԵŮĴ㣬Ĵ۾ڣ˸Ų˼ĹâС쾪ϲ£
ǺǣѾͷ˰ɣ
ƵϸֳһĨ⣬ֺǺǵ˵ţڴŴȤ
үү϶ˣûûģôܵģ
ŮĶţ۵С첻˵š
ѾͷɲˣƤȻģҪ䣬㻹ǹԹԵȥñչأڳɣ
˸°ϳİ룬ƺΪС鷳Ĳѡ
أ
ŮӣһˮСµүүͻ۸ݣȥȥ
˵գһӣǳéݱȥ

˵Цתǿ˷ᣬŶˡ
μϡ
ϹϾĳ˹ֵ
úã˾ͺá
˽ȡ£Ž¨棬ֽ޹޶ֱߣԽС֮ڣŷҵ㡣
ǣ
ṧӦһŮµͣڴ֮ʣȴǷֱ֣֮ϣȻһСӣʱЩ̿ѣҡҡͷҪСȡ£һԵȴǲͷ
Ϊνȡ£ûô㣿
ص˵ţԼĵ΢΢Ǳ޶ֱϣȴǹҲһСŤʱһۣǴЦ


688 
ʲô£
´ĺˮʵ
ţ
˵ͷһĨ޷ѹֵļ֮飬Ų˵ϣ۱Ϣˣ
ʲô
⻰ԭž޲˳ŵ͵ֱ͵һͷĿŷᣬŲȷĿʵ˵ġ߱񽣣
߱񽣣
˵ֱ£ҲǼĵ˵ͷ
һУ˵Ҳͬλһ㣬ܲʵû뵽Ǹ꣬ڼΪΣʱ̣ôĳԼǰ
ৣ
˶ʱסˣ৵һ¾վڵĻǲټ΢΢ЩձҲıֱ˻»Ȼһ£һͨߣɱΪһʥȻɢĴϡ
߱ģϽó
һץŷֱۣ׷ʵ
۱ڷ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣûе۱Ҿ类һ첲û˵ôҾͳ׵ˣܻΪʥ֮

΢΢˳飬͵ϣˣ۱ֻе֮˲ſԳС
۱ľǼ£ûϿɣʥˣҲ޿κΣ
ѵ߱أ
һ۷ᣬüͷɫҲء
аųУԣôˡ
߱ʧ֮ڣô֪䣬ҪȡҲǧѣǲܵ顣
ǡ
һ㶣ҡҡͷɻɫ£Ǽ˵߱񽣣һУ
ʲô
ٴξǸéݵŮ̽ͷӺǺĿѵˡ
УԼүүһȤƽˣʧ̬ǵһμ
ֻ߱ҷҵ֮˲ܳУѵǷ
˸źɵɫǵǣӦڴδȥɣ߱λУ
ֻһˣǾǲֻʮķԣ˲Żôɣ
ϣǸ꣬Ƿ
ĲɣЩԺĿ˵Ƿƣ
ƣ
һ㶣΢΢ƺԺֵ꣬ǣȴûҳһԵһʱ䣬ҲǸӺ
ƣ
ڵǸŮ۾ҲһĨɻСԴôʶأ
ϣҷµĺᣡ
Щʣ˵
棿
һ𣬾
ŷһһ˵֣з֮˶޷ǣ÷һԻͣҲ÷
ѵ沢û䣿
˼ʵڴĿŷᡣ
ʧ٣ʥҲͲһ֮ңûڵΪǿֲ
棬ǧǰˡ
һ˳ݸˡ
֣Ѫһһдģÿһ֣޾źǲɣΡ
ԽӱԽҲЩʡ
Ѫ֮ϣܹĳ浱ʱ˷ҵδӵзҵұۣ֪ԼԷҵҪԣκΣ׹̫׺е۱Ҳ˸ͬھޣԼܽ۱ͻطңףҽΪԼį
Ӣĩ·
ǣȴ˻֡
ǸСڵѪУƾǿߵѪȻûκεԴĺỹǴԼһƬأΪе֮һ
ԭˣԭˡ
Ѫ飬˳׵ˡ
ǣȴԼѪУǧĽ죬ĺ֮Уٳһλ֮ˣ
棬Ƿˣǣĺ̳һУ
ʱ˲ǸѾ˿ЦԤԡ
һ֧ŷǰδеĸ߶ȣ
أ
˲ΡΡŷᣬŲʵ
ĺˣǣ֧ȴѾˡ
гΣ
Щ֧һУȫУǣڿѶ£Ҳֻܰշһ
û
ѹеļһƵ
ԭˣ
˵˵ͷҼ̾ȥǻعˡ
ϣ
סǸȲ̵ȴûмԣϰŷƽܵϴӡ
Ƿ֮ҲǷҴۻ֮أǵ֮˻Ƿǵ֮ˣϴӣǶܵõ޴ĺô
ĵطȻһǲģֻ峤̫ϳϲʸ˽룬Ȼ뾭ѡΣнʸ
ҲǷϵԵɣ


689 㹻
Ȼû⣡
ֱһھʹӦû˿ԥ
ΪҵĺĳԱһλ֮˶ԷҵҪԣ
лϣ
ϲл
Ҳֻǰ˿ˣҲҺ˴δԼ֧йƫȻ̫ϳϲϼҲһ鷳顣
ȥ
ٵĴߴٵ
ǣ
ӦһǰȾߡ
ȵȣ
ֽסĽ̫ˣһ߰ɣ
˵գڷỹûӦʱһǿƥƱǰ˲ʧԭء
ѾЩȲҪ۱ˣ
ףϹأҪԷôܵĲӰˣ
죬һ׷ԲԵСé˳ɨӣȴûзԼͷӵӰǶһԵŮʵ
үүͷүүȥ˰ɡ
ŮعʵĻش
᣿
һ㶣ʵһȥ
Щˡ
˵ʲôˣ
ֶŮʵ
˵߱񽣣ƣ棬ʲôġ
ŮСԴ϶˵š
߱ɱ񽣣۱棿
ǵ͵һһĨҫ۵⣬ɫ¶ڱ
ԣǾô˵ġ
Ů۾һ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ȥӭӷˣ
Īʵ
ǣȥһзƵļһˡ
Ůҡҡͷش
ƣ
һ㶣һĨãȻ
֣̫İˣ
үү˵Ƿĺᡣ
Ůǳ͵
ĺ᣿
ƺҲôˣʱϵϣһƬ֮飬۱ҵ۱ˣоˣ
ļõһԵŮǺˣǸзƵļһô
λһֱƵʧ̬ģŮǵһμԣԼүүʧ̬꣬ʱǲ˺ģҲЩڴҪļһˡ

ৣ
һ·۵ңӰϻζ֮˴ԡ
ϣ
վڴԵĻ˽ǰȥйĺһԵķᣬȴֱӡ
ˣ
İ˰֣ڷó˴֮˱˽ȥ˲ʧ٣ûڵռ֮ڡ
ʧ̬ģõڻΪ֮һ㶣ǣǻûӦ˱Ѿʧǰˡ
ôˣ
һʳ˽ҡͷ
ǵľʧ̬Ҫд·ˡ
ֻȴ֪Ǻǻ

ռ֮ڣƶ棬ٶȱȷỹҪʮСڵռ䣬һĨһ㣬ת۾ʧ
˵˵ǷǸʲôˣ
ƽеļָŷʵ
һС߳ˣΪֻͣǣΪ̵˲Ҳڴ
ϣǵϴҸλҶɣ
ĺ˿֮󣬲ûش𣬷ʵ
ǵð
˵˵ͷ
ǵʥ˺һӡ
ৣ
֣óһĪɫ£ݵǰȻЩƣĴ򿪣ʱһƢܰ㣬ɢһöһĹʵǰ
ι
۾һɣ
û
ݺݵĵ˵ͷҲѹֲסеļЩʥǷժȡģ
ÿÿ£ͼĪ޷ƽϢ
ʲô
һ㵵Ŀ׷ʵأ
ţ
Īɫ£϶ĵ˵ͷΪ˼Ӵ˵৵óʮȻһ򿪣ʥһһǰֱõϵɫʯ
ģȻһǧ꣬Ǽʥûһ֮ڼĶ࣡
ڣѾҪˣʮڵʥѾ˵һУǸΪƵ꣬ǽȥأϴأ
һ뵽棬λǽǺݺݵĳ˳顣
䣬˴ۣ˭Ҵأ
ǣȴǱȴĸֱϴ˽أ
һеһУԽܣǣȴʵ
󣬷ǽƵ˵ϸ˵һ顣
ô߽ȥˣ
Ŵͣþúϲ£ʣǼķԼӦҲ࣬Ҳûȥ
һܹص꣡
вڴǣ󴬵ʻٶٴ˼
ſڣûм˵ȥ
ΪʵѾ㹻ˣ


690 ǰ
ৣ
ǴʼӶһ̶ƿ·ֺƶγһƬľ
˰µļٸ·ֻٴλصаڣųҲͼ·ˣƵҲǳڴ뼤
һ·ϣҲѯֻڵ۳ǵ£Ҳ֪˵۳ǵĴ塣
һģңΣңң׵ģȻǷң
УңǴ۴м壬ӵмµ۱ֻǣҵȴʧ˴Ӵһ
ңҲͬǹϵļ壬޾£Ǽµģܹ۳ǣȻԼĵơ
ͬӵе۱ֻǣȴǴģҼ۱Ĳϣ㾡֮;Ѫĥ޾£Ӷ̳˼µ̣ܳƵ۱ȴҲֻα۱ѣܱ֮۱Ҫѷ֡
Ȼӵ˼µ̣ҲǼĿֲǳʥʥˣҲ״ɱ
ԣļҲ۳ǣû˸ǣ
˵ֻֿ֪
Ʋͷֻʵ
˺ǲð
ҰĲȴڼˣʮαӣСˣ
֪
ֻҡҡͷ
һ벻ɱ֯ȳڣԣڹ˵鱨ҲǼ٣ûС
֪
üͷ΢΢ȴҲ޿κΡ
ЩҰĺܴͬ˵ʵҲǺΪ˵ģΣȻפ۳ǣӵԵĵ۳ǼԿĵ
ɱ֯أ
һʵ
֪
ֻٴҡҡͷ
ɱ֯޺ۼѰңÿγȫǿɱֻ֣أ㽫֮ܣҲʲ㶫ҪĸΣһö޷ļ޴֡
ϣһ𣬷üͷҲĸˡ
ɣɱ֯ˣǧ˿Ƶϵǣֻܹ򽻴˶Լûа취ȥѰҵʲôˡ
Ϊ壡
ֻص˵
ɱ֯ȻеڶǣȴΪʵΪĹأкֶΣɱ֯飬˸飬ҲȷʵУǱ˲ǾԻ֣֮
ǺôҲǱ׶ˣͻأʣ϶᳤ãΪȥܻ¶ߣ
Ҳǣ
Ƶ˵ͷ
ɱֶ֯ο£ʵȻΪĿɱ֣಻۷徳磬޷вЩǿߣ
ȵһɱʲôǣ
˼һֻأûʡ

֮һӴĳбǳǰаų֮ǰ˱ͣµ档

ǰϵĳУĺ˿һĨڴϣһԵֻ˵߰ɣ
֪ԼϾͻӭһȫµδһȫµݣ
ֱ֮ǳȥ
ھ͹㳡֮ʱɨһǴ̨ȴǿһϤӰ

۾һʱŸ̨ȥվһߵǰ
㣡
һ̧ͷǼ˷ƣʱһһĨ˼ɫ
굱ʱӦѾ籩֮²Ŷԣڣȴվǰǿ϶ģ
ң
΢΢䣬ֱﵭĮʵһ飬Ϯҵˣ˭
֪
ɫһ䣬Ҫͣ뿪滹кܶڵȣ
뿪
΢΢ҲµˣӦǾݣ˵
ϵ
֣ƽڲϵȡУʵ
ϡ
ԵЩͷǣ֮ϵɫֱӽһ𺳵Ŀŷơ
ôܲϵأǣҺӵܣҲ˵ǰ꣬ʥˣ
ڿ˵˰ɣ
ƽٴʵ

߷Ӧɫ価ԥ󣬴ӽָóһֽƬдһ֮׸ƣţó󴬣ֱʻռ֮ڡ

ֽϵĴ֣Ƶɫ䳹ȥâ
ƺ飬ΪǰʱҪԼУĪĵ⣬ԭǴġ
ԭڴʥô
ǹԳһĨĻȣŴ󲽣ȥ


691 ؼ
Уֱó壬ֻغ˽ûаֱͣŷԺȥ
ߵſڣԺűǱˣ˳ķƣڱһĨϲ߼ǰסƱǳȥ
ڣһϡǶȥᣬǹվһԣ۾Ҳʱš
ϣ£ѾɳȥˣӦڻ·ϣվͻˡ
ȰοûаãõԽԽꡣ
УһȥǸᰰɣôȥɲǰ취
ͣ˽ŲƺѾ˾
ϣ·ϣǴˡ
ÿζ˵ɽأѾ˿һˣӰûţ
ỹʲôֱӱ˴ϣݺݵĵһ۷ᣬǳſȥȴǷָղ߳ȥһ곯ʱͣ˽Ų۾ֱֱϡ
ˣ
Ա˳ķƣɵĺ˿ڳ
һҲǵģ˵£İ²Ÿϻһ£Ķ䶼ϼˣÿ춼֪ٻء

Щɻ󣬲˵ô
ܿ죬עǷϣϣܵһǿƥܣǰĲϢĴ
ƣλҷϣ
Ц⣬
Сӷƣݼϣ
ɫһ࣬һʮȵľϹ
ףڵķңֻһ֧Լһ֧Ҳ֧Ѿˡ
ãã
ͷЦֺǺǵ˵һˣ㣡
һ仰˵ķͷȡ
һˣһѪң
һˣ߽λ˸ֻߣұߡ
ڼ䣬˵ĿһֱڷƵû뿪̡
ɻǣƱ濴ȥΪͨ粻һ㣬ԪҲԵģ̫忹⣿
ЩҲǽЩ˵ˣڷûмڵ̫ܿ壬ҲǴв졣
ڣҲǻɷƵʵǸǰɲ⣡
͸ɼĲ򵥣
ң˵ǶǳһȣңµǣȻܹ̤У
벻ͨ͸ĵط
Ϊһܹʥ˲أ
λǣ
ãĿǿһԵֻأʱ΢΢һ
ǰɢűϵӣһһ㣬䡢û˿¶ո֮ʱŲаԥ
ҲΪɱֵĵһ׼
ӵУ
ǰӣǽһɱֵ׼ڹ͵ļΪҲë
ҵһλֵܣֻأ
ƴЦ˵

˸°ϵİ룬סͷƣ㽻һλֵܣ
ɱֻ֣һطɱ
ڣҲ̫ȷΪɱˣôܻ˴Ͻأ
²˳٣ǾͻؼҰɣ
վֱ˵
ѾȲҪ֤ʵһˣ
ؼҡ
ͷһȣվãؼң
һȫվߵƫ֮ǰֻزûи΢΢һ㶣תɻĿ
ȥ۳ǵ㣡
ֻ΢΢˵
⡭
һһԵϣƺҲˣԼҪȥӦǷҴӪֻظŹȥȷЩ̫ʺϡ
Ҳã
Ƶ˵ͷûǿ
ҷҿ壬ֻСֵȥ˵۳ǣֱȥҷңҲиӦ
֣óһö״ֵ壬׸ֻأֺǺǵ˵
л
ֻ˵һ䣬ת߳˴ֱӳŴȥٴ˸кǸϽ뵽ƫ

ڳŵռ֮ڣһĨ⻮ת˲û뵽ޱ޼ʵ֮ڡ
֮ڣ˼Ҫڣȴֲ֪Ӻֻܼӽ·ڶ̶֮ڣ͸ϻ˷ҴӪ
ϣ
һİڴԱߵһ㶣Ƿȥ
ֻɨһۣƱԼһ֧ڷжôĲܻӭˡ
ΪȻΪóϣǣ⼸ȴɼǶôųᡣ
Ƶüͷ
ףһУԴڷʧ˷ҵĵ۱
ţһкܿͻΪȥˣ
㹻ģ


692 ۱ع
Ƿ᳤ϣΪβ񣿣
ǵۣ˿Уʱɫȥϴʺǳ
ǰ²õӡԺ϶
һҪǿ󣬿Ի棬ǣȴܼǳżؼʱҪŽһ¶⣬ļܳá
ͬģһǿļ壬ڲͣôһį¸߷塣
ΪԪϣЩ
ع飬պضվ۷壬ǺЩżһ֧ļӣôԷ˵һѣʱпܻ᲻ɢһΪ
ⲻϣģԣҪֹһеķ
˵ĺǳ⣬ǵͷȥԲϾǷ޷ޡ
ǣ
ģɫǺ죬֮âĪϻʣѹЩϢȥ
ǣǽҧأ˵ͷֱֱ
ϣ˰ɡ
ˣϾǿЦ
ףЩϿһ֧ȷǺΪѣţӲ̫ˣ
⡭
ҲƣɨƣһȻڵĨţŵĲǻķȥ
߰ɣ
̾һݺݵĵһˣǴŷ˳Լסжȥ
ϣôˣ
Ǹ꾿˭Ϊδδ
ôʧ̬ΪҪȥӭꣿ
ߺ̧ͷвϵðһʣȴһҲò𣬲ȴεļסǵӰ
ףϵת϶ԭģԭӦþͳǸİϣ
ģǾãӦǷʲôǲ֪Ĵˡ

үүˣ
ԶԶǸΪݵŮǸĽеСéڣһλ˳ֱеǸ꣬ǵһĨɡ
ԵЩƲ֣ɫЩõҪǰŮҲͣ˽ŲЩĿǣĿǷ˷ϡ
Ƿƣܱȷˣ
Ů΢΢ԴǺɵĿŷơ
һѡ
ɰཷ۵С죬ֹԭҪһѵһŵķľ磬֪˭ѵ˭ء
ΪԼүү̶ͨǰĿأ̻˵ܱȷˡ
ʱһʧɫȤվһԡ
˿ɲͨƽзޱȣɲ⡣
ң͸ˣɲడǰ֮꣬һ
Сӣ
Եͷȴɫԣʵͷӣпˣ

̾˿ҲΡ
֪Ҫ˶Էһ֧ĹۣҲһʱ飬ѹЩҲѾ˵һˡ
ϣ룬ղŵҲ⣬ϱȥ
ϴŵЦȰο
Щ飬֪ԣҲȥƽЩʲô
ͬҲٸ꣬ɲңʧ˵۱÷˾أҲȷԼһ֧ΣǱе
Ļλ˶ǲĿڶӿοɫŵҲͻķˡ
ĻҪ£ǸĹȫֵˣ
ôͺˡ
ϵ˵ͷķƵļڴֱŷƣвʵ߱أ

һ֣߱񽣱ǳϣ΢΢ĲɢԼһĪĴϡ
貣粻ɹ⣬â£ϣᣬǼޱȵĿ۱һԵŮҲǵɴ۾֮ھǾ
۱ǵ۱
ǲе֮ھǼɫ
ˣˣ
߱ƺҲӦƬϵϤϢϵĻζ쵴磬ƺԼĻع顣
ͬʱⷽؼ伸λ˽۾ȫͬһǱߣǸܵһļ£ȴΪϤĲ
ৣ
䣬Щȫ뿪ԭأǴȥ
ˣ֮ǽǳϵסȴûм˸˵徻
߱񽣣
۱
żƿʮλվСé֮ǰǵ۾ŵ߱񽣣нǾھһƬ뼤


693 Ѫ
ˣ
߱񽣣ϵĻζһۿɼĹΣĪĴӣ貵⣬Ŀ
ݺᣬʳ׷׳ŵ۱ȥƺӭӵ۱Ļعһ㣬ǳϡ
Ƿҵĸû޷۷壡
ʱĺܾãϣͷǸŮվţʮ˶Ѿ
ǵĳϣƿУ𶯣ӿһΡ
һУΪ۱ʧ
۱ʧ֮ҾЩڿ֧ţûǵƴķ߽⣡
ǳŵĺܿ࣬ҪǾϵģÿ죬ǶҪ£ԱûаȫУʧȥ˵۱ʧȥ˾֧
ڣ۱ڻˣǵ׵ͷ˳۱Ҳͨһ㣬һϣƺڰοЩˣõǻƽ˸
أ
ǵȾŮҲǺ۾صĿϵȰο
ãǰʱǵĿǷ˷ϣʱڶ¶ɻɫ
ƶ˵ʵ̫İˣǹǣڵ۱ƺƿУõϹŶΪ֮Ȼ׾Ƿʲô¡
ϸһΪȻһѣڵԪֻͨĶѣҲû߱
ǶЩ޷ܣΪпףге۱ˣضǵɣȻεˣҲ޷ôɵƿص۱
һ֮ˣôһأ
Щ벻ס
ǵĿɨᣬ΢ͣǵĿⶼǷϣڴĽ͡
Ϊǳɣ϶йأ
Ƿʲô£˭
һµ˿ڶʵˣڴĽ
ǵ֮ˣǵ۱ڷ˵ǶޱȵҪұۣȱһɣǰ꣬ȫǾҪΪҶĴڣ
ҪΪˣǾȻ֪·ʶЩԪԿ

ĺ˿ѹеļ֮󣬲ǽĿ⿴ᣬл˵£ɷ˵ɣҸ
ΪҪ֧߽˵֮ڣҪЩûҪżĮ
һ˵ϵĿȻͷ˷ϣʱǵüͷǻ£мҪ˵ʲôǼµģջû˵ȴɫ
ЩҲֻһ֪̾Ҫ˷֧ƫҪܳһʱſԡ
λ
ǳͶȥмĿ⣬һͦϹ˹֣ûȥЩĿ⣬ֱЩ˵󱲣ҷ֧ĺᣬƣ
ʲô
ĺ᣿
ôܣѵ滹û䲻ɣ
һ̶̵Ļʱõɫң׷׶ǾǵڳȻ죬𺳡
棬Ǹ÷ְֺ޵һˣ츳ɼԽ˷ʱ˶ǽΪܹɵ֮ˣԣ۱ƹܡ
ɼʱҵԪǶôĿط棬ֱǽΪҵδϣ
ǣȴԵ޹ʵʧˣŵ۱һͬʧ١
ǽҵδϣȫϾˣҪǣʧȥ˵۱ķҴӴį
⾿ô£
˵ǸĿŷᣬʵ
˿浱ӦĴ֮ˣΪй涨ʥ˲óԱ䰲Ȼ½ٴα½Ҳ᲻ڣô˶ֻ·һ
ʥ˲˭ܹµѾǴ۷壬ҳе۱ķ棿
ڣôͻأĳһĺᣬȻôҲ벻ͨ
ţΪβ
λҷ飡
óдµǷѪݸǸ˵ˡ
Ѫ飬һһһдɵѪ֣ģڷֳỨѪ˫֣Ҳ΢΢Ĳš
Ӣĩ·κΣ
Ѫÿһд֮ǵɫһƬȻˣм档
Ѫµ̣õǾ侳һ㣬һ浱ʱ飬ָоõжѹһʯһ㣬ҲЩѡ
ʹࡢĥΣ
ʱûֻ֣̾Ϣ


694 
ҲĲһСԼѪǧĽ죬ĺᣬ־ڷΪΣѵʱ̳ǰ
ƣ
ǰʮ꣬ͬʱҲˣΪ֮͡
һƶؼûеСڣߵⲽֱ漣ݣ
û漣ʣԼԼ츳Сڣʮʱ䣬Լߵⲽô
ȫĸ̾һⲻЩ롣
һУѵϲͰźõô
ǰ꣬뵱ķжôƣֱһˣƺǷվǰһ㡣
λ飬λѾ֪˰ɣ
վ˳Ŀ⾼ɨÿһˣҪΪ˵һ乫һУһ˵ĴҲ˵жʧΪҪЩʳǵ꼯ҷȫ̺ʽôһоͲ֧ᷢˣҲôź߽ء
һõ϶Ǵͷȥ˸
˵ȷǲܽеĹжڷͷϣңԭеһ˵Ĵ֧ڲֻʣ¼ʮˣңÿһˣÿ춼ǻޱߵʹ֮УΣĥǣǲð
ѵô
ѪŨˮϽԾĬȥûпڷڣҲΡ
ûǿƣ֧ô㣿
ʵ̫ˣһˣӦǰοǱȣΪҲǷˣҲϣҲʢǵ㣬ͬʱҲõķʵ
ԷһôҲûУ
ڵľ棬ÿһ˶Σô
ɨϣҲԽԽأ֧ҷҵ룬Щȱûбƽأҷľ̬ôڻᱻһССĹҲȣ
ԽԽ۾ҲԲˣЩ١
ЩΪԮᣬûٱЩϼһ䣬Ǹ类һ㣬ʲôҲ룬ֱӽ֧ΪˣżĶµļѵ֧Ѿϳˣ
ݺᣬһ죬˺ܾˣǷ꣬ôҪ޾ź߽֮ڡ
Ҿãʹ˶ֹˣ飬֧ɷᵣε̫ϳϣλ飿
أϣжҴвݾܾζ
Խ˽ƣ;ɲ⣬رܹ㣬õ޷Ȼ
ףԻɳһǳֲľ磬ҲλʦԤԣͻӦ飡
ⲻûпܣ
ع˷ң֧Ǽżǣô룿
Ҫδ֧ż飬Բ
㲻ðɣ
ǰ˵ٴοˣüͷ΢΢𣬻˵µѵֻ֧ڼһϹأ
û
ˣǲǿһֱȥȥҷҲˣ
ȫ˶Ǳ̬Ҫ֧ǶǼң̧ڣõϱɫͨ죬ȴҲܷ
Ҳȷܹô֧ĸһģպ󣬿϶һٸģҲοʼͻһʰ
ϣʵ㲢ҪҪǣҷܹǿʢʲôҪ
һԵķỺȰο
ĵΣҫʲôֻܹõ˵½⣬ͥڣһ𿪴ҵĻԻ͡
ǰϣʵһˣαô⣿Ҿãλ˵ĶԣزܸģȻ֮Ҳ᲻ù
ƽ߱һգҲ˹̹ȻЦݣȰο
ǣ
Ŀǰһһ٣þ˵ֻ̾һ
˵ĻͬҲõһϴɫȥһ˫˫ĿⶼǷڷƵϡ
ʱǲǰܹƿص۱ˣӵеˣ
ʱһƺҲϵģ
ǲҪڵķҲ϶ȻһλңԷҵʧж
ڵ۱عˣż֧ˣⲻǽô
飬ڼȥˣ
ѵ֧ܹ棬ǣȴżǺޣڼʢУôҽң߽⣬Ҳǳ£
λ
ЦЩΪֲˣϵ˵СӷƣὫǷ·ҵһУȫ黹


695 ɶ
һ仰ͬشһļ䣬õһ𣬶ǲĿһ˵
ڵķңѾǧǰķˣ֮һȣرҪָĸ߷壬˿ǲܵ飬ڣֻάȣܹĿǰλãų۳Ƕѣ
ǰ꣬ȴԪǰ˵Ҫ֮ǰǸ۷壡
ܹô
ʱûܹ϶ǰǵ֮壡
Ҫ֪ǿļ壬ֻԽԽǿļ壬ֻԽԽڷңѾ޷۳ҿˣңͬʵҲǲ٣ʥ壬壬ڵ֮壡
ƾʲôֱ֤ĵӺζŴӺζ
Ͻ벻ף
ãã
۾һſںã鼤ޱȣõΪ֮ĿǲĿ
ϵļĪѵܹĵ
ڿᣬͬҲǼޱȣЯԺǰǳģ
Ծ
϶Ƿˣ϶ʲôشԼ֪ǣȴ֪ˣ
ǣǵĿٴƣһ˫˫˸˸ƺܹһеʵҪǰ꿴͸
ǣҪʧˣ
ǰ꣬Ǹͨ꣬ơϢǼΪͨûа͵ϣнһ
ԭ򣬾̫ͨˣ
ʣһ̵ˣͨô
ʣͨԼ͸
ӵʲôĵƣ
˽Ҫ֪кޱȣǣΣϺˣûн˵˼Ҳȥѯʷᡣ
Ҫ֪ǰԴɶģܹ˿ڡ
Ҫӻ仰ʵʺϲˣһļΪ࣬ȴװµģֻǣʵѾǡ
Ƶ֮壬ƹŽһ壬Ȼƿ䣬ȴܹܵĺôڸʵһ
ǰϸ̬ƿУȻ֪۳Ĵ̿£ǣܹվ۷崦
ԭ򣬾䣡
ûƿ䣬ƾӵеĵҲѹһ츳֮ˣ
ܱʥܵһټϻδ츳츳ռ츳츳ʣ˭֮ܿ˭ܱ⣿
ңҪǣӵгɵ۵ʸ
̳˻Ĺŵһʥսʥսһ
ԼܹɵۣʲôܹԼǰ棿
˼䣬ƻս˷õٴβĿǴžɫ
Ǽͬʵʵս⣬ͬд̹ǣȻ˺ЩΪֲˣȴҲõľѡ
ԽǾͷԽ򵥣ҲԽ֪ӵеĵƾʲô
ߣ
ϲ޵ĵһǣƲƲ죬ûڵڴֱӶŷƵƣߣȥ̷壡
˵գǴŷᣬٵĳŷҵĺ֮ȥԭش۵Сۡ
ݣȥԷ
ҲɨһۣŮݣǳСé˽ȥңֱӴš
˾ٶõ鴤һ֮󣬷׷ȴûиԻȥԵס˷ҵ´
λ̫ϳλ˶վڴڡ
˵˵ǶƵĿ
мĵһ̫ϳɨһ֮󣬲ǻĿˡ
ҿ͸
Աߵĵڶ̫ϳ̾һ˵ţһ˽ҡͷ

һ̫ϳ̾һǸϣŷӰӣֱһģһͬǵͬӵе۱ңǵƶĵطȻʮڽ츳̾硣
ǰ
ϽǵͷڶŨŨĺ棬֪ôģ
ϣ
վڴڵһվ˳ʵƣӦûûмɣĽٶΪλ֮죿
ʻʱõΪ֮һţĵӿһ𺳡
ˣһֱǽƵһ֮ڿԣһҲܹܣǣ˵ʻǲûмôģ
ѵʥ壿壿
һ˲²
пܣ
صĵ˵ͷ˸˸
ôҲ벻ͨӵеľʲô
ɶȻҿǴҪǣ
ĽеɫǷ޷޲ƽ


696 ̽
û
ϵĻʱ˵ͬҲΣΪʱûһȥʷᡣ
ʵҪ֪ĵҲܼ򵥡
ǰվ˵ٴ˵
˵
ϽǴߴٵ
ǿɳһЩӵܣȥʱ϶õĵơ
ǸЦе˵
⣡
ôһ˵Ͻ۾һ׷׵ͷ
ڲһѣϴӣһδ֪ܵʲô̶ȡ˭ȥ̽أ
۾ʵ
Ӧܽƾ֮ӦܹԿľֻǲ֪ûƿʲôؼˣȻҿ绹һľľӢӵܰɣܹܾӢӵܣɺӵҲٰ
һ֮󣬱˵
ƾʺ⣬ǣСطôи߼似һؼӦþͶ˰ɣ
似ôжߵʵҪ֪ҵĺӵܣÿһܱȸʥصʥӣҪôʥ壬ҪôǴʥУңƿڶԼĸ߼似ǽһ٣ɲҪġ
ţôˣ϶ȥѡһʵľӢӵȥ̽̽
ϵ˵ͷŶϷԸ
ҲǼ֪ӵеĵƾʲô
û⣬ȻҾȥš
һڱӦ
ˣ
ƺ뵽ʲôɫӽ쿪ʼÿһ˷ԸȥٶԷ֧żȻ洦ã
һλ֮żȥԶۣڵ֮޼ǽߣǾǷشʧ
ĻʱõϳĬȥ
ڣȫ˶֧֮ΪУҪĹۣʵ̫ˣҪ洦ãôұضҪ߸ɣ
ϣֻǲװ
һ˳Լ뷨˵˳ʱϵüͷ
ҲȷððȻôƱػȫ֮˷ɣĴңֻҲѹƲס
УҲУô죿żȥ
Ϸ˷ۣµ
ʱҲͷʹޱȣ˭뵽沢ǽ˽֮ڣһº᣿
ںˣ飬ڱΪѣҶˡ
ʵҪ˶ǸĹҲǷǳ׵顣
Ǹּ˵
ף
˶ȻĿ׾ʲô˼
λ룬꣬ĳŵ˻ȥżô
ϴŵЦ˸ǵĹԣʵλҪգ飬ƿǸУǲҪͻأȥǿЩʲôҪǺúõ꣬Լ֧̬ȡ
һõϽǵͷ
ȻϿˣôɡ
ɨһȦˣ

ǰһƽԭ֮أƽԭıԵشϱ
Χﻨ㣬һƬľɫ续һ㡣
ɨһܣһĨɻ
ǰ˵Ҫȥ̷壬ǰһƬƽԭɽ壿
ǲ͵뵽ʥҽʥغ֮أҩأбһĨȻ֮ɫ
Ҳǰһͬҩһĵط
꣡
ɫ£֮˸ļµֻǿһۣʱ궼Ϊ֮һһԵķᣬҲͬɫЩס

Ͼֻֻ֣һǰĿռǱ棬һڷǰ
ߣ
ڷƻûзӦ֮ʣǾһɼıǴѷ߽ǷĪ硣
󲻾ãƽԭϵѷѸٵĺ£ǰ죬ǻָΧһ糣ʲôҲûз
ʥˣ
𾪵ĿԵˣһƬȻ
λǷҵĵ̫ϳϣҰ̨ϵģλ֮࣬ǲǴ˵λʥô
Ǹ˿µֻ֣Ҫɳһ̫ϳϣܹ׵һʥأ
ң⻹ǰϵ֣˭˵ҵĵֻ̾Щأ
ѹ־ʧ˵۱һһֱֵ۳ǵĵλ
޾µķң̵ȷǵһǳµĵزǵįĽգҲʥܹģ
ҷҵĵ̽磬ҲҷҴµΨһˣ
ϵĻ÷ƻعſʼǰ
֮ڣƮ룬ԪŨ񣬳ǰ۵ģƵɽ壬Χϼ󣬵Σӳ£һɽһ㣬ġ


697 Ƿ֮·

һ貶ĿĹΣǰɽ۷嵴ϯ˷쳹ͬˮӿ
εʱ򣬷ǰͻأģһǰδй䣬õһ

絴ĹΣڣѪ֮ڣ
ξϯʱڵѪҺʱֱӷˣӿԼ䣬ƺĶһǰδйĴӡ
ҴۣҲǴһۣ֮ʱݼ֮񣬸Ӷһ֮ҳɹĵ˵λԻǳۣ
Ҵۣ֮ǰǳ֮ʣǳ֮Ϊãǳ֮ٳһµļµ·
ڵ֮У̲ŷҴ۶Լ֮ĸԣ֮ˣֻҪ˵ܹɹһ֮Ӷӵвܣ
ڷҪȥļ֮ʱȴЩģѪƺҲƿء
ô£
۾һĨɻ
Ǻǣ𼱣㻹ûƿءѪȻƿѪ
ϵ𣬸
Ѫ
һ㶣ƺƣһʱ벻ˡ
Ȼÿһ۶ᴴѪԼĺȻ̵Ҳ޷ƿѪ֮ڵļ֮
Ͻ͵
ԭˡ
ƻȻ˹ȴɻԼ˵Ѫأ
Ǻǣ߰ɣ
ЦһǴֱԶɽ岽ȥ
⾹ȻһС磡
һ·ϣɨΧʱһ
ԭΪͬʥҽʥڵľҩһ㣬ֻǲһĹŴѣǰȴʵʵһռ䣬ûʲô
ȻƬʱ䲢Ǻܴ󣬲ҴӪǧ֮һңҲûգһƬǿգǣɽɢ貹âȴǽյһƬͨͬա
ϸ۲죬֮ⷽڣҲһСԺڣӰ߶ǽ񣬲֮ʱھȻĮ
ƣ΢΢һ֮󣬽ֱӺԣңҲƵƵ
ǿӦҲǷһ֧ģϣҪˣԣԷȻҲʲôɫ
ⷽ̽ڵˣǷҺӵܣҲǺӵܵĴӪֻкӵܣڴ˳ס
ǷҵĸڣΪ̽磬ԣҲųʢ˥
һ·ϣ϶ǲͣƣɫɣỹ˵Цǳ׵ķ
ͬʱҲ̾ϢһȣЩӵܣԵЩˡ
ƣԽ߽ɽڵѪҺԽǷڣߵɽ֮µʱѾЩѹƲסȵĳ嶯ˡ
ǵɽ
վɽ֮ǰͣ˽Ųŷ˵ҷҴۣǳ֮ɽҲҷҵĸ
ǳ֮ܣ
ɨϵĻһĨ˼
ÿһ޾һּ֮֮֮Ҳаʥӵ̫ܣⶼ޾һ֣ǣÿһѾһλۣԣȻЩ֮ǿԽһУȴ
һͬɽϵʯݣһһĳɽȥڷ̤ɽĵһڵѪʱֿ˻޷ƣһѪ͹̸ͬɫҲǵͨ졣
Ѫɽŵ㣬ܿ͵ˣ
ϳ
ǷҴɽȣʥҲ޷ֱӷȥһһȥ
ɽ
Ǹƣ֪жߵɽкݺһ顣
ͬе޵ǣȴһܣͬȪһ㣬ûԼߵࡣ
֪ʲô˵ˣ
Ǵ֮˵һ飬ÿһ֮ˣһֻе۷壬ܼ
µĽ͵ʵԪʱѹѪ궯Ӧûܵ㡣
ѹƣ
һ䣬ʱɫͨЩϣһѪ߸͹ûԥֱӵڵܲȫһѪȫסʱ궯ѪǳȥҲָ⵽õΪ֮һ㶡
Ǽ֮˵ɽ࣬û˭ܹѹƵͬĳףĻˣǰֻһԵˣ
ǲܵ飡
ʵҲûϵȹЧʱҲдϲϣɵĳɽ


698 
ɽΡ룬εضֱվɽ£ɽѾʯ˽ʱˣȴƺɽţ̧ͷһһƬƲ㣬ɽ֪ںηһֱ쵽ǿȥһ㣬ңԶ
ǣҲ˿ûа취ֻһһߣѹѪȻѪ궯ɲôóܵġ
ỹûʲôϾ֪֮ɽжôѰȴޱȰʱˣƾȻɫûб仯õޱȡ
һµСӣ
ףڱضһֲܵȻûпѹƵ궯
ǣǣַܷϵĵ㲻ͬҲӦǹܱܵ
ףƾôڸǵģ
һȥˣ£ɽףϣɽ˾紦ڰɽ
ȥˣһ
ֱ죬һĻڷǰ
ɽֱѾӴǳһǳ֮ӿͬһһעɽ֮ϣپϯ£Ӷһ貶ĿĹΡ
ɷҴĵɽȻʱ̵Ķڽǳ֮ϴ񣬴Ӷﵽ˲಻ľأ޾ţȴûаı䡣
ԽߣҲԽܣڵѪﶯҲЩѹƲסƽҲӰ죬뷽һ˵Цˡ
죬ڣƵɽһӵĵܾʹɽ֮ϣǳ֮ƺǱǣ
ݿʣǷΰͨͨһƬģǳ֮ϴ£ɢӨԣĪĹΣԣģһŵʥһ㣬һҪᣬ֮󣬱ֱӹȥŵܹĿס
ǷҴۡ
ܣеһĪĲƺһϵ˳һֹž޲״̬ƺܵĳǣһ㣬ôֱӵ˵ǰȥǣûб۾ֱֱĿŵܵ˫ƺڹʲôϵ
꣡
䣬ܵ˫һ㣬Ө⻺һ˫֮³ɫǳֱƵ˫֮ڡ
ƻһһĪľԺķӳֻǶ̶̵һƪȴĿӡ֮ϣǡ
ôȻȻģĬĬιžʱڵѪιžתһɼǿ̣ļӣɢʱҲɢһģһӨ⣬ڣγһ޴Ĺ롣

ڣѪҺͬˮһӿڣӨ㣬ѪҺĳˢϴȫÿһ䣬ʣڷٵǿۿɼٶ
ͬʱ˼׵ѪҺӨϴ£׵һƬӨһһ㡣
ʹƵľ磬Ҳڷٵţ
Ѿˣ
ڹ֮ڵ꣬ھǼɫ
ţֶһǿı۰
ৣ
죬һһӰӷӷ˳վڵһԡ
ʲô
һǿһë׵һҳĺʱ͵һ

һ۱ϳСݣʱһֱץ˹ȥ
ৣ
ץСмӣ΢΢һŤֱӱʧԭأֻǣ˵˫Ҳֱƿ˿ռ䣬ץ˹ȥ
ǣСһﻬСһ㣬ֱӾͻƷΧĴռ䣬ʱʱ֣һӹȥˣٴΣȴδգûа취
Ȼӵпռ츳
ڱ⣬ŤСβ͵СЩľ
ĺᣬһռ츳õǿûа취ڵϣѾʥӵпռ츳Сû˿İ취޷֮ץԣδйΪˡ
ҲҪץСԭһͷΪ裬ôʵٴδ󻡶ȵ
ѵǷƵģ
СһֱڷԻƶУһ㶣૵
Ӧǣ
һԵķῴ͸ѵĵ˵ͷ
ƺִһ漣Ȼӵһͷ裡
ϣǸƽժȡλιĳ
ָС˵
ʲô
ѣϲǿС򣬶ʱϵΪ֮һ


699 ̬
èè¶һİëһ˫Ĵ۾䣬۵С볤Ŷ̶С죬ȥû˿ĹʵҲġ
Ժڵļ䣬ҲҲĻ֮Ӧ
˵ܹʥҲ޷أ˵Ҳ˵ĵƴһţйжأ
֪
εҡҡͷʷƣͬҲôشġ
֪
ϲһۣϵΣҲûȥ˸˸ٴСƺҪ֮һ㡭
һʱȥˣεҡҡͷڵâ
ǰһûаһֻ򵥵޺Сޡ

һ֣ץСҪץϸĹ۲۲죬ǣСֺ۸ģ
ৣ
Ӱֱ˷ƵĹ֮ڣ۾ŭϣһצƺھһ㡣
ôܣ
ԼƣǲϵϾһƬ㵡
ԼȻʧˣ
޷ţһֻûκɱС޵ĳ֣Ȼʧˣ
ڸղһ̣оֻС޾һһ㣬һ翣޷׽Ĵڳʱôһָоû׽
ֻС޵ٶʵ̫ˣ
ôһֻͨͨСޣٶȣȻԼʥˣ
ʵ벻Ҳѣ
ء
뵽㣬ϵǺݺݵĳ˳顣
ֻСޣֹٶ죬ңʥ޷顣
һ̣˲пȻǴǧ磬治У䲻֪ŶԼ֪֣
ǰСޣһ
һԵķҲĿɿڴھ𺳵ɫ
Сûٳֱ̾ڷƵϥϣô̹˯˹ȥΧЩǳ֮Ҳ˿Ӱ첻棬Ȫһ㡣
ৣ
С㶣Ҳܽ˹֮ڣ΢΢˫ۣӦһ֮¶ľϲʱڹڻŷתȦǳ֮ϴӣҲڻɱ䡣
һĻϵУǶһۣǷ˶ԷڵĺȻ
ͷȻ裡
ҪʮŻ
ƽе𶯣૵˵ţᣬڴػŷƣʮ֮һǳȥ
лϣ
ϲл
̷ɲ˭˶ģֻе̫֮ϳϵ˲ſˣǺӵܣҲֻɽ֮£Ȼô࣬ôܱɽ֮أ
η̷壬ȷǴ˷Ƶĸǰ˼ΣҲɽ´˼նѡ
ˣһŹ֮ҲûеȥڷԲԶȥǳ֮ϴӡ

һϵĳУڰ֮ϣ˸˸ҫۣһһ㣡
ǵ۳ǣ
ĹģûųôҲһСǵȴǹİεضףҡ
֮ڣֻڣΡ룬ûʣâ貣ɸһ㡣
е·Ҳһ޴ĳУųһ㣬ˣ̧ͷŰеǣھһƬȡ
Ǵ½۷פǣľ½۷壡
ǵ·һƬյأһСƺеǣǴȥһ㣬ֻڣ·Ŀյȴǳһ䳡ÿε֮ƬյϽУ
֮ϣ֮ڡ

һص̾Ϣ鷿֮ڴ˳ЯŲɣ뱯õվſڵɫҲȥ
鷿֮ڣڷŵķǳӣһģӶ֮ǰϵķеһֽۡ
ӾηҼ죡
Ѿٶ꣬ӵзҵһΪ˵ĿֲİǰѾɷʥİˣڵǵʲô磬֪
ۿ˵ͣ
ƺǿŭ֮һ䣬еֽ飬ǣľȴûаɼƿصһʲôĵزЩһǣڷΣѹͷȻһæƲϵѵľҷһһʲôƨô
ˣ
Ľϵӷ˷һɨȥֽƬƬһء
ǰڷ֮µιҪսҵ۳ƿȨǵûиҳһңǹ˷֮鷳һ㡣


700 
ʵһԭģڹ˵ԽԽѾڵ۳µųڶͷΪһĴڣȥ۳ļҵĸҪɫ£ʧ˵۱Ҳ֪飬ЩҵĸԽԽ٣δӹ˴Ҫפ۳ǵϢµһЩҲ׷Լң
Ϊǵȷ˹˵ֶΣ
ˣţһ˵˭һºͣǣǱ϶ǶͻᷢԵĴǰıʥֻһѣܱʥصңֱǱ壡
ǷұܣҲ˻Ϊʧ󣬲ԷҶ֣ǣЩǾͺ˵ˡ
ԣЩŻæҡ
ǣ
ϵȫ˺٣޺޵һ䣬޷޵ɫȴǲһĨŨŨš
־棬ʵԤϵˣʧȥ۱ķңʧȥݵϻȻȥޱȣǣʵѾûɱˡ
ҷңҪô
챯ʣ˸˸
Īǵʮ㣬Ҷ֣ʮİգȻǧ궼ˣҲἱһʱ
ףǷıϳ˵۳ǣǾͳ׵ʧȥվ۷ʸˣԺҪֱǲܵ顣
ˣ
𣬷΢΢һǽϵɫ»ָһ£һɨ֣ϵֽмޣ֣óһż

ʮ³ĿȴǷڹż֮ϣƺղʲôҲûзһ㡣
峤
Ǵϣлż΢΢Ľе
ϣ£
һ㶣վһ£ſʵ
峤۱ˣ
ƨɲϣϱǴżĿ˵
۱ˣ
һʱûӦĿ
ǵģ߱񽣻ˣ
صĵ˵ͷ
ʵһУ˵Ҳͬһ㣬ʧǧĵ۱ôǰ
ʲô
һ±վоĻƵƵףŴϣƺϣٴȷһΡ
۱߱񽣣ˣ
ע£һһ٣Ųص˵š
ôܣ۱ôģ
Բ۾ǲš
ǧѰңѶͻȻ˵۱ؼˣܹܵˣ
Ϊ˶ж۱ʧĳ֮ڣǱ֣ǾԻһʱ֪ͨȻǲ֮˽أִ£ôܻ᲻֪أ
ң֮ˣÿһǷǳΪٹ˵սΪ˰ȫ룬֮ȫǴڷҵĴӪڣûгȥѵ۱ӦΣԼɻˣ
̫޷š
Ƿƣŵ۱ˡ
һ뵽棬ϼ΢ķŻŸпĿ˵
ƣ
һ㶣΢΢ϾǺɵɫɻ˵ôû֣
е۱ǵɣѵһصĵ峤֪ģ
ǲܵ飡
ԣǻˣ
ƣǷĺᡭ
ǣϱǽһоϸ˵
棬ȻһСѪ
һĿ࣬˵һأҲ
ϾʱɲǿЦʱţ۱Ӧǻعˣ
ʱ͵˿ЩʵᣬҲǵɣ
ڵۼ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣûеĵۼңǲȱĵۼңе۱ҲûܹУһͨ鱦ˣ
ԣǶ˵֮ˣۼҲڽұ۸ˣ
ǵѾȥ˵̷ˣʮ֮󣬵ἤ
ϵ˵ͷ̾ϢһǽΧɢĻͲǽľˣ񣬵۱ع飬ô֧ǽ
ϣСڣûԤϵ飬ͱˡ
εģȰο˵ζ峤ϡ˵ЩѾûˣҪҪ֧׳
ƺ뵽˶֧̬ȣüͷʱ
㣬ȷ˷ǳͷʹ
峤ˡ
һɫϱ֪ڿʲôǽԼĽһһʮ˵֪
ĿǰҲֻˡ
˵ͷ΢΢̾Ϣһ


701 ѻ
峤˵ǲǽ۱Ϣ£ѹЩС

²
ֱӷ񶨣뵽ղЩӵ飬â˸˸ӳΣյϢõһԵĴҲһĲ
֮ӵеʵ̫ˣ뵱İɷʥȴֻ˲꣬еĲɲһǰ㡣
ڣȻ䲻һ룬ǣΪѾԶ
ΪΣ
ɻʵ
Լ
֣óһݵǰ
д
ķʮ֮󣬴Ҳһŭݣ𣬿з޺ǳ
ڣѾ߳ɸҷˡ
һЦ֮аŭġ
ŭǼٵģ˷ҵıӻڷѣȻһӣСΪ
߳ɣ
۾һɣŭʢЩ쵰ǵѵǹ˲ɣźҪҷұӻھȻҪĹͷ侮ʯֱΪ
ǣ
һĮĻȣâãʵڷ£ǿǵĿô
ڵ۱ع飬Ѿ㹻ĵһӵұ۵ĵۼңɲκμ壡
峤˵ֱӳŵ۱ȥЩյͽҿ˭ҷң
ŭδһҪЩΣѹͷɱ

ֹ˵ȥ΢΢оâӶҿ⵽һѵĺû᲻ô
û᣿
һ㶣˹峤˼ǡ
û
˵ͷҵҪжǽͷݣֻʣ¶ҷҵ
ȷǸûᡣ
۾һ˵ͷ
ǰǿʢֱ治ʲôѣǿеǰⲻһ鸽ĺûô
ٺ٣
ƺѾЩһﳦӻģһۣжǷëȻĺЦ
ʵֻҪٴǿѾǶЩǽͷõĳͷˣǸʱ򣬸÷Ҷ֣ҲὫ֮ʳ
ʱǱЩڴǸʱ̵ˡ
ڴһȥһˣ
عһ뵽۱ЩסŴ˵һ֮ǼҴҵƿռ䣬һͷ˽ȥ

̷嶥糣

ͬˮһǳ֮ڹ֮ţһһϴŷȫÿһ䣬ӣҲӨӨɢһ㱡Өԣɫž޲һʥһ㣬ĮһС
С̾ϥϣССһһƺ˿Ҳûܵǳ֮Ӱһ㡣
СǲϵŷƻתţʱһƬӨͨ͸ңƺ׳ƣͷϵҲð˳Щֲ棬צҲԽԽ񣬺˸
ৣ
һӰɽ¼ӶӰһһٶȼ죬ûʱǽӽɽۡ
ˣǷ峤죡
ৣ
վɽ۱Եͣ˽Ųڹڵķ֮΢΢һ𣬡Ȼǵ
Ϊɵ֮壬ڵĲԲӦǰİ꣬ȷӵеʣңܹоڵĵڻա

˿ѹԼеļģ۾ƺڸӦЩʲô
߱񽣣
̹͵۾âֱŹڵ꣬Ͼ𶯵ɫо
ţ
һԵķ۾ɨ˹ȥǷ΢΢һ㶣վĺ峤
š
˵ͷŬϵļ֮󣬲Ÿп˵⼸ǧ꣬Ϊ峤Ĺʧˡ
Ϊҵһ֧ȴһС֧磬һ뵽бӿһھΡ
ҷڵĹʧһ֧ӦóеһУ
仰۾Щ죬ϵ˵
Ļõķ͵һ¶ʱӿһ֮⣬˵ˣǴҶˣһˣʲô飬ӦһеǣȴǷ֧һеˡ
ʱʧ۱Ĺȫ֧ϣǴģ
Ƿ˰
ʧ۱ӦΣһ֧ȥеʵÿһ˶ж֮ӣ
֮ǰܻ͸ЩǣΣ֮ʣЩ׷ʱǾã¾һһ㡭


702 ʢĳ
Ѽģ
ܼ򵥵ĵѣ֮ʱˣ
һŶӣһ壬ҲǶԱˣҪػʱ˫֣ŶӲŻӵŽᣬ壬ŻӵѰ
Խ뵽ЩԽĸΡ
ܺڣԼ׵̫ˣõ֧
Ҳɡ
һҪǿʢļ壬ضҪŽһ£ʲôΣҪͬеֻŻʢ
ǧǰǸǿʢķˣ˭Ҳûʶ㣬˵ͳΣ֮ʣ˹̫ϳҲ˹
ȻѾֹۣܲǣһõĿˣʶһһĴȥ
峤ʧû㣬ȥǵǸ
˵ţֱ΢΢ȥֿĻõķӯˮ˳¡
֧ʵǳŵ̫ˡ
룬εĽѣ˶Ƿңٶ𣬴ûйĻԻƪ£
Ļﻺĸ߰
һ㣡
ᣬڿʼǺĳϳԱ̽磡
µóһöɫݽᡣ
л峤
ΪĽӹ壬˸
ĺģʹǷ֧ͥˡ
ᣬճʥţ֧һ֧

ԱǾбҪģֻл棬Żжɳ
ţ
صĵͷĿƣĸ
ֻҪڣûʲôǲܵģ
ˣĺᣬһᰲȥǻعң¸һ֧һúʹң
콻һ䣬ǴҴҵȥ
۳ǣҪ

᳤ĺ˿ǵһ¶һĨĵЦ⣬صԭأȥ˵֮ǰȫһˡ

᰷ңڷƻ֮󣬷糾ǽļӵȫٻأаʥɽѧԺӵܡ
죬ƣһƬգһεľһ㡣
꣡
ԶһͬһϿա
һɫεӣǸӢ˲ݿʣ˸˸ԣÿһˣһѪսһ㣬ɢ˿µϢͰˣֱӱǽǵѹЩϢȫǴηɫЩӰ
ѧԺڣһ߳䣬ЩӰ֮ɫĲҰޱȣһƬȻ
ЩˣһҲ͸ңЩϣоԼҲûеǿѹ
֪Щ˵ΪΣȴףһٸˣһ˾ܽ
Щʲôˣ
૳ŲҲ
һģл棬ᰣڼǿߣǵھĩһ㣬дÿһ˵ϡ
ʱǽĿȫǿڣƺѾγȻӦˣ˵һʱ䶼뵽Ǹ漣ꡣ
죬үӣ˷ڷңܵѹ֮ʮһʱͳڷ糾ߡ
һ߳˴󣬿ŰİˣһɫǲҰޱȡ
ֵǣʮûгֻ֣ǶĿЩӰ
̫ˣҾȻָˣ
˵
ѵ𲻳ɣ
糾㵵ʵ
ƾ侧ʱҲ۷ΪܹµģҲѡ
²ֹ
һҰ׵ҡҡͷ
ʲô
˽һ
ʮǺξ磿
糾Եʮʵ
ʱ˱ǿɲ⣬ʥΪ˵ıӡ
磡
ʮջĿ⣬˵š

ţôܣ
һٸ
˽ԾھһƬĺȻ
ȴû˻ʮ˵
ǰЩȫӣͳһķΣԵģǳͬһ
ңĿǰӦûڵȴЩʲô
ǣǣ
˻
һ֣õ˽ǵһ
ӵа룬ͷƤ飬¸ȥ
ԣ֮ڣӦòǳ䵱˻ĽɫǣΪ֮ϵĴڣ
ǾǴģʲô
ǺȻʵ
һˣ˵ССᰣǺʳ˼Ҳ׵
ʻ糾ȴһ֮һĨɫ΢΢ૣѵǡ


703 
ǣԭƽͱͻİ˴ң˽ǻ̻̲ηĿЩͬѪսӰ
ǲ֪ЩǿǴӺζҲ֪Ϊʲôڣûһܹ֮ȫվƺڵȴűЩѪսһ㡣
գ貵ҫ£ȴûиоκεů

һΪ̶ƿͻأĴ̶˵񾭣Ӧһ㣬ֱӱͿԴ֮
ԭεɫգͻأģô˺һӣһƬ޼ʵĿռ䣬ôǰֱ˴֮Уþò
ৣ
һλˣôڵĿռ˳ݺ󣬻ź嫵ϣ󣬾һλϹʥһ㣬£ɨһ۽µĳУ֮˶ǵͷȥֱӣÿһˣж𺳵ױȡ
ӭϣ
ڰյһλѪսڼλ֮󣬶ʱȫȥеͬ׾ǧþòϢ
ʱ򣬷ҴԺ֮ڣڼλ֮˶ŴͣھһƬ֮顣
ƿնⲻǴ˵еʥ˲ô
Ȼһλʥ˽٣
˼Ϣˣܹµǣǲ²ǾȻһλʥˣ
ǿǴ˵ͬoһĴڣǵ¼һ㶼ǳڵ伮֮Уڣȴĳǰ
û֪λΪζֻз糾ɫЩ
ἰ۳ǵķңʥ˴ڣ

ֻ΢ɨһ·ĳУڳй㳡ǿڷƵĵܣʱ΢΢һ
ৣ
һڵǰǰӢ䲻ܣ΢΢
㳡ΧȴǱŻˣֱܶӶ̱ڵأȫһֵĿټĹ㳡ûһ˸¶죬š
ৣ
ϵһҲԾ£ʮʮУվһ˿ҳҲû
Ǻǣ
ϸ˸°ϳİ룬΢΢ЦôᣬȻеˡ
ɨһΧǳһŹȵȥ
Ҳһ̻̲oһ룬ǽŲȴôҲֻվԭأĿ߽
ʣļôߣ
ϴźƵЦݣߣº͵ʵ
ĻȻºͣȴҲõһͫչ㳡ɫҲˣϵĿⶼǴһĨ֮ɫ
ػĴڣõ˵İڲܰҵ
һУģ
ʱǱǻɣǲǷƵĳˡ
ҡҡ֪
߳ŹȣβΡΡݽҧ϶˵
ܳԼػԼûϵΪԼСԼĺٴˮȵУԸԼ
֪
شֱһ㶣ŷǻǵڵĨȻĿɨܣȴǷ֣˶һȻֻˣһ̻̣ԵļΪҡ
İɣǲ˵ģ
ϵõԵɣʱмǺЦǸп
Լô׶ô
ҪԼˡ
ɨһΧϿЦҡҡͷǺǣʵǷƵĳ
˵꣬һٴγ֮ϣһٸҲϣ

㳡ϵˣ̱ȥɫ̬п־壬нңл̻̣вɻ

ǸŹȵ̧ͷޱȲĿʥӰ׾Ƿʲô¡
꣡
ϣϵӿһĨԣ˸˸ˣһƬͨɨ·ȫǣûʱǸ˷縮ڡ
ৣ
һǳڷ縮ſڣ۾һֱŷ縮ſڵң΢΢һȣȻ˰ɣ
ৣ
ͬ£˱ֱͦڷ縮ſڣǿǸ硯ҵʱɫٶЩȻɻ
ѵǷ縮ĳң
ԶĻˣ׷׾Ȼһҡ
ĻɫҲһƬҰףʱǵĿⶼǿ糾Եʮš
Ҳֻ֪ǳʮܹЩ֮ϵˡ
߰ɣȥ
糾ĺ˿˵һ䣬ŽŲȻĿ£ſȥ
Ҳǽϡ


704 
ͬʥĽ٣ʱ÷縮ſڵĸرһٸѪսһӣǸͬһɷ񽣣õʧأֻܶĿţ岻κεķӦͬ
᰷ң
ǰ͵Ķվſڵĸʵ
ǸٴУˮջ䣬ųǹҲϵðȫƾһɼᶨ־ڼš
᰷ң
һʵԺڴ˳ţԷ糾Ϊףһ½˳վڷ縮ſڣʥˡ
Ŷ
ϵĿֱӱǷ˷糾ϣģǿվڷ糾Եʮţʱ΢΢һʮţ
ΪҵԪϣȻ֪ʧ٣ͬʱһƣרڱӵܵĿܻ
ǰ䣬û˿ˣǼϷߵʮſô
ĺʱõĻһĿ
ԣǰʶɲʮ
糾͵һӿһ޷ļ֮顣
ڣ԰ٷ֮ٵȷǰˣ϶ǵ۳Ƿģ
·糾᰷ҵμ
糾ĺ˿ǰһЩ˵
ĻõİʱЩȻĿ
ΪҳԱǴδ֪ƶĵطȻԼҵӵܣ
ƺǵĿģӭЩӵܻȥӪġ
뵽⣬ǲɻˡ
СطķҾʲôͷȻõһλ̫ϳӣ
ִõľСطķңεºܣ
糾ǷƵġ
ҲǴһĨڨʵ
Ҷӣ
糾ѾȫȷˣǴһĨ̫ȻЦݻش
ǰ˸ѹܴҪ֪ۿλƿնʥˣ
ǿǴ˵oĴڣ޷
ԭǷƵĸס
ϵ˵ͷ΢΢𣬿пã糾˸öӣΪҷ´󹦣
ˬЦõԶˣǰӣȻĿ
죬үӣ˷ˣһʱ䷴Ӧ
Ϊң
ѵǰǷ֮ˣ
뵽㣬ǲɵ͵һ
ǰ˿ʥ˰ҾȻӵʥ˵ļ壿
𺳵ױȣ޷ǰʵһŵϴģ˵
ǰȴɻƾ˭Ϊδδ
Ϲˡ
һ䣬糾ҲһϲòĻӦ
һ׵ˣ̽ԼĶӳгϢôǰλΪʥ˵һ䣬糾ֵЩҲˡ
ʥ˶ãѵ˵ʥ
һ뵽㣬糾ЩڲֳһĨ⡣
ԼĶӣдϢˣ

ϿЦҿûйҷƣǱͷҪǿˣ
ֱ˵һȫʯĻ
˿ʥ˰˽Ȼ˵ƣǿ
˻
˲ɵĵһھһƬĺȻ
Уǰӣе𺳣ɱ˻ҪҵĶ࣡
ǷҵԪϣ̫ϳϰ
ķƣô츳̫ϳϣңôһˣԼ˾Ȼ֪
ӣǷֶԷڵɻãȻ⡭
ȷǵһ˵
Ǻǣ
һ⻰糾бǸӵϲˣǰҲһ׽У˼ң룬˵
ã
ҲһھʹӦ糾һͬǳŷ縮ȥ»ĿɿڴԭأһЩľȻĳȥ
Ŵ̸ˣжɵһ鴤ͬʱҲһĨĺȻ
ңʲôͷ
ԭΪһС壬ȴǱɲˡ
Ȼʥ˶ӵˣ
ͬʱǲ²⣬ƾѾߵһˣܣ
֮˶ţǸضܹʥ
糾ΣǷ峤֮صǻؼҵģ
΢΢ϵЦ⣬ЩصĶԷ糾˵
ؼң
糾΢΢һӿһƬɫվ˹ĹֵǾˣ

ü΢΢̾һʵӦǻȥֻǣȴѶǷơǿˡ
һУΪԪϲжʧ󣬲ȻЩӵܣԻƶࣿ
Ҫ֪Ѫǵ֮ģĺᣬض༫ƷţʣǣȴΪСطûˡ


705 Դϲ
ڵȻõķ糾Ϊ֮һ㶣Щ֪
ˣھͲ˵ЩˣǺǡ
ǳһĨЩǿ΢Цʵ糾̰ɣص˷ңƵĵӦҲ켤ˡ
ھߣ
糾ڵļʱĳȥ
ԴʼϴôģһҪڣ
ҲһֱΪķܶĿ꣬ڣҪ뿪ƬˣȴЩᡣ
Ŀڻ졢үӡ˷һһɨ
֪ԼһߣպҲ޷Щ˼ˣ
۳Ƿңӵʥ˵Ĵ壬СûȣеĲ࣬ʵ̫ˣ
⼸λǡ
ŷ糾Ŀ⣬Ҳǿˣǳʵ
λүӣλҼλ
糾ӦһһܵȻ󣬸ҵĹϵ˵֪
ԭ׼ң
¶Цǰ˵ƣҲǷƵ档
үӣ
˽ЩĻӦϾһƬܳɫ
һλʥˣȻ׼ңֱһ㣡
˼뵽ǲ㣬˵׼Լһʥ˰ڵŮ
λ׼ҿˣͺʹһϰɡ
ϵԵĺ⣬ҲΪһӣõ˲ɵľͶһ׽֮С
ϣҲ֪˷糾ԥӺζˡ
ŲЩˣ
Ȼλ׼ңԸĻ԰ȥųǣҲиӦ
΢ЦŶ˵
Ȼ˾ǣ̣ӹɣǷǳǿģȻҲ۳ǣԣڣڷҵĸ̿ǲ٣С壬ڻ£
⡭
˵룬ү˷ǼĪ֪ĪĻԵҲԼһɳĻᡣ
лϣ
˽æлϲ
ӵʥ˼ļϹϵţԼļҲѸٵĲʢ
ݣȻӦûӦ
˵ţϽĿǷһԵĻϣܴô
ܣ
һֱӵͷ
ܺã
ϵɫȻϳǣϾǰҷ֮ˡôԸΪҷҵĸô
Ը⣡
Ҳû룬ֱһھʹӦ
Ϲϵֻкôǿ϶ģ
Ҫ֪˼ҼһһʳܿԼСȫΪڷƵϣ
ҪˣһΪҷҵĸҲҷҵĵжҲ⵽ԵĴ
ٴɫ˵
ϣѾˣ
üͷ΢΢˼˰ᣬٴμᶨĵ˵ͷ
ԵΣǹģڶĲһ㣬ҪӮĶ࣬ȻҪķա
֪Ҿǿһʲôĳ̶ȣΨһ׼ǣǸ漣꣬ƣ
ܺã
ϵ࣬ĵ˵ͷΪҷҵĸÿԴҷȡǧ侧ңҷҵıӻΨһҪǣҷҷһЩʵˣңҷң᰿ĵ
Ǿҧĺأ
ĵ
ˣҲûжԥֱٴεͷ
š
ˣΪղſڣԼٵʱ򣬻糾һͬûӣ
㹻ˣ
ûϲĽ֣糾Ҳ˿ٴι˼ɫ
ҪؼˣҲ汲һֱûɵ
һУΪԼĶӣʵˣ
үӡ˷صԼڣʥɽˣʮĻһ֮ǰȥӣ죬ǻȥϲ

ҹ䣬ҿϡ糾أмλϣͬһ
λ϶ǼĪǲ֪Լļ壬Ȼ˲򵥵ͷһУ˵һ㡣
ףôûҵλϱ
糾˵ϱڳԷˣһҲû֣Ȼɻˡ
⡭
һ⻰糾ϵЦǻЦ칬һλʥ˴ˡ
칬
ƣϵӱ͵һӿһ𺳵ɫôܣ칬ô⣿
޷ţ
糾ķӦҲһţǽԵһһʮ˵֪
֮壿ȻǾ֮壿
϶ʱסˣо͸¶ŨŨ֮⡣


706 ƻ
֮壬˵ʣΪ֮һ
˵У𣬾Ϊӵо֮壬ϹƽƽΪϹеo֮һ
칬翣û֪״ԣ칬ǳΪеĴڶߣ
ǣΪ۳ĴҵԪϣȴǶ칬һ˽⣬ңҲ֪칬֮أ
ɽ磡
Ϊ۳ǵĴ壬Ժɽ绹һ˽ġ
칬׹Ǻɽľͷ֮һǿᣬ֮ǵ۳ļң˼Ҳ˿Ҫ֪ǿʵʵoµ
ҴۣҲȥ֮Ʈ칬Ӧǳ֮ųΪ˺ǳۣ
ԣȻӵһľ֮壬׵ˣ
޷ţôһСطȻ˴£칬ƿն˾֮壬ҪȥǷǣҲشĺ䶯
Ƿܹ칬ߣôڵ۳ǵĵλҲιޱȣҲܹ
ڶ죬Ǿͳ׵ĺ䶯ˣֺ䶯ӣһֱ鲼һЩܱߵ
ʥ˽٣
ûйô򵥵ļ֣õ𺳵˵
ʥ˰˵ͬoĴڣңȻoϹϵдԣʥ˱һң
죬ڷҸ
һСǵС壬Ȼӵ˿ɲû뵽ģ
ʹҪˡ
һʱڣڵЩ̻̲ȫǾǣϣ⣬һأԼػػԼֱҴ˵зҵıӻЩڲ½ȥ
һʱ䣬ҽӵȫټʥɽӵҲһӻأͬʱкʥͬУΰʥˡ
ڶ죬໤֮˱뿪䣬ڱӻ

Ӱħ֮ڡ
뾡ѡһˣȻѡ
ĺǳһɫķڴ˳͸¶Ųݿܵζ
˵ģһΪĵŮӣһѵǰվŵߡ
ŮӣһεʥŮҲߵĸףѬ
ΪħʥŮȴԸѡʥΪõѬͷöѾô꣬ڣڶ೤ϡѡʥӵѹѾ޷ȥˡ
ڰӰħ֮ڣʥŮƿߵĶ䣬ĴжԣӰħ̱һأǾʥŮɻĺѡʥӣܳΪʥӣ
˵Ϊʥ֮λ߾֮ˣõڶѡʥӴѲѣ׷׶ǽʾ֭Ҫ˹顣
ң⻹ǲɫ˫յĺ£ʣЩѡʥܲô
վЩѡʥЩǣǷ׷жˣ߲УϴʥŮƹ
Ҫô
һֱҧ촽˵Ѭһ¾վ۾Сûĵģһְҵģ챻ЩͷӷĶ䶼ϼˣôô
ҲΣҲԼŮ·ϱƣǣħһֱʥӣȷ񻰣Ҳ˵ȥ顣
⻰ߵһۣõǺݺһ顣
˵ţһȺϹŶ룬߽䷿ڣǸɫȻôÿ󲻾ãһҲ˽
ʥ

š
΢ӦһֱԵϣĿϣüͷ΢΢
ʥŮ˾ˣ
ӵʵȴЯһĨڡ
ȻߵǣǰӰħ̵ʥħΣԲѡѡʥӳɻ飬õޱȵͷۣΣӵħϵ֮Ҳ޷ȥˡ
߽ҧ촽ĵЩ԰ףģȴ͸¶ǿɫ
֮ǰÿ춼ǹͬľżһУԼĸĸڲǣԴǴԺ󡭡
Ҳ֪ΪΣԼʹľСΣңаųһε˷ơ
һΣȻ֣ԼǸԼţÿţоľرƽ
ϲǣ޾ĸо
ʥ̳һ¾´ʥھͻٰһκѡʥӴȣܵõһߣӭȢʥŮΪʥ̵ʥӣ
ֱӾ˽ڿʼʥŮʹʥŮһֱʥڽ


707 ֮
÷ĻʱõԭͲ԰׵˼֣Ҳûа˿ѪɫǰӣԼĸף֮ھһƬ
֪һֻǣȴ֪ô죬ôͻȻ
ʥڣֻж̶̵ʱˣԼʱȴĸʱ䣬ⲻ˵
һ뵽㣬бһƬһƬնһʹȥһԵѬʱסûˤ

ľŮƫͷȥķΨ̾һ߻ĳʥŮȥ
ΪʥŮˣ޷ıˣ
ʥӢ
洫ϹŶĸߺõѬӺݺһתͷ޺޵ĵһۣתȥ

ôˣ
ĺɫ߽ߣС˹߱˫֣ſǻĽлһ˫ҲỨ
أ
ûзӦСαҡֱۣ
ιˣޡ
ĻѬ߷һԵ£ŰοССŮǱݵĿҲ΢΢Щ졣
նʧȥɣʧȥ˻һ㣬һ㣬ľګһ
ôˣѰζ
СƲϵҡο޺ţǣȴδš
ιˣû£ܿͻˡ
ѬĨϵˮȰοš
أҪѩ壬Ҫѩ塭
Сɿߵƣ˽Ļп޺ţһС֮Ͼˮۿͨ졣
ѩ𣿡
Ѭ΢΢һ˼һ֣֮ħ̺ѡʥڲûˣʱЩɻˡ
̣ѩ˭
Ѭóһɾһ߸ϵˮһʵ
أѩ壬ѩǸõˣͺζĵһأζѩ壬ζҪѩζĵ
Сζ϶ʵ˵š

ѬĿСŮ⾿ô£ȴǻɣѵ߾ǹѩŮ
Сε飬סˣʥŮŮӰħ˭Ҳ֪Сġ
ʥŮħ
ʱһŮ˽ͷ˵
ħȥǸʲôʳô
Ѭ΢΢һ룬ӵ켶ɡ
Ȼ֪ԳΪѡʥӣȴƫƫļһ⵽ʲô£ӵ켶н׶ħħ֮ڣȴһݺԵĴڣ
ǣ
ŮӦһһնߣ΢΢̾Ϣһǿ첽˳ȥ
Ȼ֪ΪԼһֱѡԭ򣬲֪ΪΣԺȴͻأһݵӰ
Բԣ
ҵҡͷ߶ĽŲˡ
ȻǸݵļһɲ⣬ǣݵȴŮ޷ܡ
ѵҪԼľʥŮ޸Ǹݹ
ֻͷƤ顣
ʱĴ֮£ħ߽˴
ǻʵСΣնߣʱ㶣⾿Ƿʲô顣
ѵǷԼæԭ
һĨͷ
ʲô£
Ѭ΢΢ɨһۣ嵭ʵ
ȻħҪΪӰħԪϵˣǣΪϴʥŮݣ֮Ԫֻ߲ͣ

ħ˵š

Ѭһ㶣Щ˵⻰ʲô˼ʵΪҪ
֮У
ħ˵š
֮У
Ѭɻʵ˭֮У
ƣ
ħԥ˵˳
ƣ
һİ֣õѬü
ʲôˣΪλ֪ԼŮѣңħΪѣ
һԺȴһҲҲ𰸡
ƣ
ԭһֱնߣһ֮󣬽͵һֱվҵĽеˣģģ
ʧ̬ģõħѬСλǸŮǲĿ
ûûˡ
ɨһȦ֮ٴȥĵڣ֣ı˳ջ䡣
ǴĪļ£;ãӦǷƳˡ
ܼԼеĸо
߶㾿ôˣɱﰡ
Ѭ߹֣Щʵ
ߵʧܲҲܲ⣬ΪΣһԼİ֣ȴõԼŮʧ̬оʲô飿
ƻˣû
ħԥٴο˵


708 俪
ħһ仰ʱõٴ۾ʵĿڴŨŨɻ
ᰣʲôʱ飿
΢΢ĲǽŵĿħڴǻ̡̻
һǰ
ħĻش
ҲɻˣƾʥŮʲôϵΪʥŮַӦôأ
޷ףһ꣬ôħ̵ʥŮϹϵģңƺǷͬһĹϵ
һǰ
ͬعⷵһ㣬৵һ±վ׷ʵȷһǰһǰ
룬ҲǴ
ħǵ˵š
ûû
ôվţߵˮٴ˳ſǻţƾϲʧ䣬ܸӡ
֪ƾûȥأǳɹˣûгɹ
ìܣ
߶ƾ˭
Ѭɫʵ
ԽԽоЩ̫ԾߵķӦ
һŮˣΪһ˵ʧ̬Ǿֻһֿԡ
ˣ
ǡζĸף
߷Ӧԥ۾˵
ζĸף
˽Ǵ㵵Ŀ̬һ
ѬǲΪ֪Сοеѩǣơ
Ҫԭǣ֪Сģ
ǸŮ΢˿
ղǸݺ
˵ԼʥŮ۵ûôңСˮɰôܻǸݺŮ
ħЩĿ࣬Ǻݺݵĳ˳顣
ϵȻܲһ㰡Ůôˣ
Ǽһ﾿ôģ
ô룬Ҳ޷һС꽫Լħ̵ʥŮϵһ
ˣôϵģ߸ϵʥŮôῴǵʱܲأ
ǲ´ˣʱƲǴʦѡ
ħ
۾ħ˵ȥ߷ƣʥʥ죬һȣһ޸һ
˵գСΣǳȥͷҲء
ħ㶣󣬱˼ĵ˵ͷתȥ
⻰Ϊ߸ղǰˡ
ԭǱƻˣ
ţĽŲǼӿ˼֡

һ·ϣǣǻ˲һʱ䡭
һ·һЩʥˣң֮˷縮ſڣǰǿյԺ䣬һ㶡
СӣʥѾˣǵˡ
һ߼ɵվڷ縮ſڣǺĵѵ
ʥˣ
ħһĨȻתǸߡ
죬ܿʥˣڣʥ˴ŷ硢Ѿ˼ˡ
˵Ľͣħ֮飬˵ػ߱ӻֱ֮ӳȥ
ſڵĻʶڻĴ£Ǽ˻ᰣһ棬ֱ⣬ߵ˵˻֪
ʲôŮˣӻƻ飿
ĿɿڴЩӦħصģҲҵֱӱǴħһǰľ˵
Ƶӱƻ飿
ӣɻ
ǶԷڻǱȽ˽ˣڷƵҲЩпѣңټ϶ĿأѾ޷Ĵڣ
Եģǵ֮УΪǴ꣬ǻ˿˵ô򵥡
ʥڻһ£
ħµ˵š
⡭
ʱȣһһǴҴҵĳаųǸȥħֻĬĬĵȴϢ˵Ҵʥ֮󣬱΢΢

̷ϣһ糣Ǹ֮ڣĿСû˿ı仯仯СͷѾһˣצзѵĺۼצͣңϣһɼΪֲϢӣ
ΪǷƵѪҺԹ鷢ˣȻܹǳ֮
Сʵڵõ󻡶ȵ

ˮһӷڵ壬ӨһƬһѪķӨ֮ʶܵ󻡶ȵ
붨ĵ졭
໣
һڴ׵΢΢𶯹ʹţѾ̤һ۷ײ㡣
졭
ϴӶգѾǿһɲĳ̶ȣڲ䶯ᱬһװ
ˣ
ͻأģһĪϣţϱӦֱڵϵǳܵĪǣλþȻƫƣֱֱģô˷Ƶͷϣ


709 
޾ǳ֮ǿܵǣкͬһ޴һ㣬˸˸ԣޱ߿еĪĴϣĲ
ʱƾ绯Ϊһ㣬ޱ޼ʵӣôкͷϣȫ

ڣͬˮһ첻쳹Ѫ֮ڵЩǵӵˣһѪյһƬͨͷӵɫһģһ
ǹඥһ㣬޾ǳֱ֮Ӿ뵽˷ڣֱӳԪо룬֮ÿһϸܵǿϴӣһƬ
鷢ˣɫǳ֮Ԫ֮󣬲ûκͣǴ͸һֽһ㣬ֱӾû뵽ڵ֮ڡ
ˣ
лתһ㣬ģķ֪ҲС
еתǿһڶһ㣬޾͸¶˳ǼӴǳ֮ٶȣһڣ֪ƺѾ޾£Ҫһһ㣬ƺѾʧȥ˿ƣܾҲ޷ֹ֮֮ͣ£ֻܼӿѪתٶȣѪתǣǳ֮
ʱһʥһ㣬µΣ£ʥַ
˵ϴӵ֮Ѿޱߵǿᣬܹȫɽǳ֮˿ڴͬʱǳ֮ϴ֮£ļ׵һƬͨ͸ͬɫϣƺҪһ㡣
໣
һƳƵһҵĲҲʹţѾɹĽľأβ׵Ѿһ׵ˣ
һԵСΪǳ֮ļӴҲӵĿ٣ûзʲôı䣬ǣצȴǷԵı仯ֱ仯ۿɼ
һСɳľͷſһ㣬СͷϵСܿ˳֦ͬһʱţܿǳΪǣ
ͬʱצ仯ҲǼ󣬻ģצ𽥵ĳͣ׵ķ˳Ҳ־ţСΪһͷצ
һУڳţϵǳ֮޾ûκͣЪƵҲ볣˲һһ޵׶һ㣬̶٣һ㲻ʣεõǰеûеõĺô
ûˣڻôһ޵׶ܹ޵һ֮ˣȡǳ֮֮󣬱ǳ֮磬ֻоˣȡǳ֮ȻҲֻܹ⿴ţ֮ܽգ
ԣƵõĺôûеõģЩɣ֮Ѿ˺ǳ֮ж٣ԼҲ޷
ڴЩǳ֮ľһΪֲľأ
һУֻҪʱѣֻҪ׵ΪԼôľͻһ
ȻǰҪܸȥȻʵĳܷΧֻбһ;
ǣǳ֮ǿȣӹɣڴ壬ҲǷһ㣬Ŷ̶̼죬Ϳһ磬ײ㣬Ѿ㹻˵һˣ
ת֮䣬ǳ֮ϴ£һʱôȥˡ
໣
һƳŷƾҶӣҲ׵Ľ磡
ʱһһ㣬ͨ͸һɢԵѪܲȫÿһ䣬ۿɼ˳ֹ
ڶ̶̵һʱ֮ڣ󾳽磬Сײ㣬ٶȣƿֲ
ǵ֮µĵط߾磬ֻǼ˵ܹ׵ĽڻĲΣһҲ޷顣
ǲ࣬ͬԨ޷ƽ
Ҳŷƽ֮ڣҲʮ죬Ҳ˵ֻʣʮʱˣ
ͬĴ󻡶ȵ֮ҲֻһΣԺ󣬾ҪƾΪȥȡƮǳ֮ˣٶȻͨҪȴ޷ֱӹඥһĴȡ
ңݷԪǹƣ֮ڣҲܽңǰ˽£ѾǺܲˡ
Ǿȥˡ
֮ڣٴײ㣬Ѿˣ
УƺҲиоǳ֮ļ²Щżˣһһ⣬ȫѪ֮ϣӼӿ˵תٵǣǳ֮


710 ۱
к貶Ŀ̷嶥һƻã޾ǳ֮ⱻǣͬһ㣬š
໣
֮ӷ嶥£ķµһЩҺӵƵƵκη嶥ֱһ㣬˸飬˲ǵѡ
Ǵ˵еޣҲΪ֮һӵпռ츳ٹ죬׽ȴ˹۵
ܼʵҲһ£ͨ˼Ὣ֮Ϊҫ
ɽ֮ϣСʱʱС˸˸ˣ׳ǴϣֻצѾȫȫķֳצӥǺˡ
׳ХڴڵŴֱµǳ֮ڵ֮ϣһɫĹΣҫĿɢһǵϢ
һԵķᱻˣĿɿڴĿǳ֮С
ôǳ֮
Ӷɳˣ˷ƣв΢΢Ȼ
ף϶ǷԼ֪䡭
һˣľ
ӦСɢƣҲǸŲϵĶţ𺳵ױȡ
ѾľǣСûֹͣƿټڣϵµǳ֮ССʱʹʱС仯
ʣǳ֮ĳϴӣҲѾﵽһֲľأڣǷȱľֻѣ
ľһ㡭㡭㡭
ܿģͻƵٽ㣡
໣
һ˫ţۣâ˸˸ſڳ𶯾죬һǿʹ˳޾ǳ֮ǺһӿĿУһĪϣϯһţҪӵĽײˣ
һԶɹĽ˸ӵľ硭
ԭʹٴСŷƲϵĻתСС֮Ǵǳ֮ϵϴţǿš
һУᶼǿУã𶯵±ĿһɫĹεϴӡ

໣
һӷڴľһ㣡
۷ˣ
ѾǳЩϹŶ֮Ľˣǣƻǲ״Ҫߵľ磡
ǣʮ죬Ѿֻʣʱˣǳ֮ҲĴͷŵתơ

ޱżѾѪе˼µĵزҲ޷ӿһ˿ˡ
ģǿԪڵ߱񽣣ʱ۾һ
ˣ
һһֱǱԪڵ߱ȴתɢһƬҫ۵Ĺâ
Ľ˸˸ˣһƬԣʮͨ͸ĪƣԭӦֱӱеǳ֮ȴǱ߱ǣ˹ȥʱâޱҫˡ
ǳ֮ӿ룬֮߱ڣ𽥵۳һɼΪǳ֮
ܵû˿ԥֱӷֳһ񣬽߱ڵľ˳ֱӳ׵ӿȥһһϴţһƬӨʮĿ
ȻЧ
׵λٶȣӿһƬϲ
ɱ߱ᴿ˵ľϴ£оڵٶٱ֮ǰʮ֮࣡
ڰ
û㷢ֻ֣ǺѾˣֻüӿϴӵٶȣľ磡
ǳ֮ӿԪУһǳ֮ϵĳˢĴӡӡ֮ϣһ·𽥵쵽ǿƥƺҲѹһ㣬ʱϵ·һ𣬷һӴӡ֮˳ſڣҲŴӿǳ֮
ǳ֮޾ȻУ߱񽣣ߵɣ޵治ɵġ
ʱ仺ţתһʱ͹ȥˡ
һڣһֱһãһѪһ߿߱񽣣ٶȣҲǼΪɹ۵ģ
ڶ̶һʱ֮ڣƱǸоԼѾͻƵıԵˣֻһܽľˣ
ǣٴϴӵٶȣ

ɫǳͬˮһ㣬һһĳˢ׵λʱ֮ģһӨԴһСع֮ɢ˳Ị̄ǾӨ֮ǳоͱᴿ˲١
ҵˣ
һֱڵȴķƣڵһʱǷӨԵĴڣʱǵǳһһĳˢλһʱһСƬӨԣ𽥵ĳ׵ӿȥ


711 ľ
໣
Ƴĵӹ֮ڴ˳һ޴Ӱ쳤Хƺʲôһ㡣
һԲԶķ۾һ۱ֱӿǵ֮ڣǡÿǵֶӰʱͫױ΢΢һ
ľˣ
ѿ˵֮һĨ졣
ĳ̶ȣһЩ伮֮ҲйأԣҲ΢֪һЩ
Ѿ𾳽磬ڵʮ֮䣬ܹ磬ѾǼΪˣϾڼ䲻һʱѣֶʱڴ󻡶ȵõۺ顣
ȻӵеĺôɲֹһЩⲻǼʢѣҲһˣڵ֮󣬵֮˾ܻõ̲֮صļ֮ӵּܱ֮֮ʥ塢֮ʱȼ磬ɣܹʥ塢֮
ֲ࣬ż
ôͣܣʥʥܣѾͣҪõǧѣܣֻеʥ˾֮󣬲򡮵ܣ
ǣһܹƿزܵļҪǣ̲֮˴۶Լ֮ĸž֮˻𽥵ƿѪ̲֮صĵϣɾ翪һһ㣬˵Ӽ֮󣬵֮˱Ϳʼʥ򡮵ˣһɷʥľһǧ
㣬ڷֹѾõ˺ܺõ֤ʵˣ
ԣҲ˵ۺʣ
ֻǣ޾֮󣬵֮ڵĵϣҲ𽥵ĵҲû֮ǰǰˡ
ܵ˵֮˻Ǿ߱˺ܴƣǵڵĵȫޣ֮Ҳ塢ʥһεʣ
ৣ
һ죬һϵӰ˵̷嶥ϴһĨżͬʱҲЩŹֵĿ⿴Ǵ֮ڵӰ
ϣ
ǸӻᰵĻ龭֮ǴҴææĸ˵̷塣
밵Ӱħ̵ʥڣѾߣֻж̶̰Խʱˣܲô
˷֮󣬶ʱɫ΢΢һ
ľˣ
Щ㵵˵۾ҲǵԲˣ૵С׵Ϸ嶥Ҳѡ
ּǽкµǳ֮ȫɵ꣬вɵ΢΢˿֮һĨȻкСӹȻ
ãڲǱ֪ʮ֮ڣ˴죬ƶôģԻɣ
ÿһڵ޵ģСᣬҲ޵ģ
ףȻҲˣ
ĿɨСϵһ
֮ǰСʱһﲻζѣ̶̵ʮڣȻͽ磬ɵĵһ
һҲ̫˰ɣ
Сһûһڵǳ֮ʱƺҲһΪνôˡ
һͷӵпռ츳ȴƿǳ֮
һ뵽бһ鴤һĨȻ
ǰͷСѾΪһͷʵĹˣĿռ츳ǳ֮˷ʤ
ǰΪɡ
䲻ģϱǴһ
̫ˣû취ȥˣֻ˵˭ҪǳΪͷĶͷǾǸͷı
ǣǰ衭
ˣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪӵ꣬ǾӵžԵĵƣ
ãϲǽȥ
ɨһ̾ڷϵСڲһĨɻ
ǼһôߵĲû߱
Ȼ뽫һԣһ뵽һԼƼߣϾ޷
ʮڣС磬һȴûаõϺΪһ﾿ʲôΪλĹŹ֡
һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ʱµǵӣҲ𽥵ƫƵ˵ͷϣռݵģ֮һˣң½ļС
ǵȵӳ׵ƿǾʹʽͳ׵Ľˣ
ԭҲΪżϣڼСѾ֮Ҳŵķ
һϲϣ
ңǰΪصİӰħ̵˽⣬νʥڼʱ䣬ԣǻнһµĸ·ʱ䡣
ʱ㹻ˣ
ԣҲİһԵȴʽĽ


712 Ԥ
ʱתۼ֮ڣֻʣ°ˣʱ򣬷϶վһԣĵȴŷ
һ޴ɫ֮ڣʹƼɵһӭľһƬոµˣҲڵ֮ı䣡
Ӵˣپʥ壬پ̫壬ѾӵǸԵߣ˾֮ˣ

ɫǳ֮ͬӵңк£ͬˮһ졣
һôôǳ֮
ķɾûаǳ֮ϲɵĳ
ôҲһˣҲʹ״̬Ѿһ࣬޷ڵиж˺˵ǳ֮
״̬ˣ
ϲͷһԵķʵ

üͷ΢΢ڼ䣬ΣǣÿζǼⷬ״̬붨ڼ䣬ͲƵûֹͣˡ
֮ǰãǣҲѾˣһֱûͣ
Źǵͨ͸Ӱ૳
ķڵģϱ֪붨ˣҲ޷ȷϡ
ʲô죿
ᾪһƬ𺳡
죡
ôһ
ǳ֮Ҵ۵ĵǣ޾죬ôһ
Ҫ֪ڼСײڼҲȡ˰ѣңҪ
һ棬᲻һ
ʱ䣬ĸ׾ô
һ𣬾ôģ
ᣬ㻹ǵǸʦԤô
˵䣬ڵļԶģ
ʦԤԣ
ԣһ㶣˼һ֮󣬲ʱǱ¶һĨЦȻǵá
λʦ˵Լ֧һǰδеĸ߶ȣǣȴԼ֧÷˾
ãһЦ
ϲͷſЦķʵ
ǵ۱ûʧ֮ǰ˼㣬ǣ⼸ǧԤԣвǸЦѣңԼҲôõġ
ҲǸʦһϷԶѡ
ǰҲǡ
ķĿԼϲͷٴο룬һĨĿ˵ǣڼ֮Ҿãпģ
̫ˣãԼ͸꣬ڣ޷ͣΪһܹ˶ǳ֮
һص꣬һ޴ܣΪûܹ͸ӵʲôĵơ
һܽصǺ԰һꡭ
Խţλ˵ĺЩҲһƬȡ
ǸʦԤģô֧ܹһеģֻǰĪˣ
Ϊ֮Ҳ޷÷ߵĲΣǰ꣬ƺͲֹǵôˣ
ֻгԽ˵εˣпܴߵĲΣдԻ͵ƪ£
ȷ
Ǽĵ˵ͷ
뵽ģģֻһЩͬ
֮壡
ŮĳΪ˷ҵϱô˵칬ߣ
һߣ÷ˣ
ϽǱż̬ȴŷƼ
ʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣҲƿ˷Ƶͷƿ֮ڵڱ㶼ǲˣ
УȻûǳ֮Ķܾѹ£ĳȥ
ǣӡͲˣ
Ȼϴڱ֮ڣ˲ٵĶܣǣȴڷĽײ棬ǣ⼸ǳ֮ģѾͻļˣؼʱ̣ȻˣôԸ⣿
ˣ
һ޴쳹ţӡǻζϣһ·ʱĪĴϣ
໣
Х죬ƴһӰǴӷƵ˳Զϣҡ졣
һͷצƬϼ⣬һ˫͸ɢĵϢõ͵һ
ͨ鱦
΢΢ĸӦһϱǾ
ͷצ֮󣬲ûֹͣ쳤ХſĴڣ𾪵Ŀ£һֱӾҧƶ֮ϣ
ôܣ
ϽǾ֮һƬ㵡
Ϊͷצҧ֮֮󣬱ϣ֮ٴνڷͷϣһֱŲϷɣͷγľ棡


713 
ĵһĻõᣬ
޷һУǣǰľȴ棬Ǿʵ
ſþò֮ڣһƬ֮ɫ
໣
ХϣһױȵҴ۵ĵڽսңռϷ磡
ԭͽ۾ķƣڸоٴν٣תѪٴӿڵǳ֮
߱ٴλζȻ³Ϊֱӿ׵֮
һʱ䣬ӿڵǳ֮Ƿֳݣֱ𹩸Уӡ߱񽣡
ǳ֮ӡĻζϵ·ҲΪӨƺҪͻˡ

˳֮쳹׵λҲٴɢҫ۵Ө⣬һ㣬Ө͸ƺҲͻƵļˡ
⾿ô£
ùϲǻع𾪵ĺ
ܹоΪһѣǣһôӵ˵ܣ
ţʥҲ
Ҫ֪ܣǷҴִģܽǳ֮ɼжǿˣ
ǣⷲȴ֣ң֮ռϷƣ
ǽҧӲŵľ𺳵˵
ڣ˽Ƿ֣Խ˽꣬Խľؿ£Ϊǻ벻𺳡
ڡ
תۼ䣬һ͹ȥˡ
Ҳ˵צѾһˣᣬҲӸոտʼ𾪣ڵľˣ
Ȼǰܲ˼飬ǣˣϰˣ
˵ˣһضȥǰ飬ƺҲ͵Ĺȥˣô
໣
һһӷڴ˳Ҳţľľ磬һײ㣬۷壬ܹˣ
Ȼ˰˸ײ㣬磡
ϲɵĶǵ˿
̶̵ʮʱ䣬Ȼ簡
ٶȣѾ쵽˼£Ǵȥ֪Ҫж˵°ҪѾˣ
ûֹͣ
תۣʱȥˣѾӸտʼİģЩļˡ
Ҫ֪Ǳ߿ǻҪȥңҲ֪Ӱħ̵ľλãԣϻ᰽ӡħУԣѾûжʱԵˣ
ԸǸİӰħ̱̫񣬲Ȼߣ
â߳
ҵϱɲ˭۸ģ
״̬һֱ˵졭
ˣ
ڣӡһ˸·ȫŷһƬ貵Ļâ͸⣬ҫ۵Ĺâõ˸޷ֱӡ
໣
̾ڷϵľצ͵һ𣬶ʱɿ˿еӣ쳤ХһĪϾϯ˷
ԣôϢ
žϯѹ΢΢һ㶣Ǵ㵵ľС
ûˣ
ôܣ
ϲסҡͷԸǰʵ
˭˵ͨ鱦ܹģ
룬ѩ˵ܹʱ򣬾Ҳû˵ܹϣ͸ˣ
һͨ鱦һĲϣ֮󣬾ͻᶨͣ۱Ѿ˼£ǲаģܹӳܣڳΪΡ
ܹδţ
ǣӡĽȴȫ̹ۿҲۿŽġ
󣬾צǳȥӡ֮ڣû˾ǯƣҲѸٵ뿪˷Ƶͷ½֮ϡ
ûǳ֮ӿ룬бٴγȥҲͣѪת۾
ӡۿģĿɿڴģʱҲ΢΢һ㶡

վСڵϣСԣĶ˶ӣһıǴڱŷ

Ƴ³һڵھâ䣬ͬһһ㣬ǿ
ȭһװǴڰƵ΢΢
ľ㣡
Լڵľ磡
һоһ㣬Ȼǰ˵һδǣȴûȻ֮
ľڵѾаʥӣʥӣǴһˣ
ڣӵǳ֮ӵ˳塢ʥʱ

һ뵽Щбӿһɿϲ뼤ſڿЦ
ԼڸǵĽŲˣ
Ѧң
âŴԼаʥӣɱ


714 
ʱܾۡ裬̫壬ʥУһѹͷϣڣӵһпԼʸǳԽǵʱ
֮壬ؼȵʣֻеۼҺпܼ̳Уܱ壬ܹԽ
ϲΪδЦǣȴǷǳף
Ϊаʥǰγֲ
ףкܱϣ˵ϣȴ츳ϣ
һ߳꣬ƾʲôʥصʥȥ棿
Ȼӵ츳츳ռ츳ǣȴ޷֮⡭
ǾԶԶаʥӣ
ڣ磬׷ˣӵ˲ܵǳ֮˵Ѿѷаʥʲôˣ
ӵиԼһѩǰܵʵˣ
Ǽͨ鱦óҿ
ϻعֱǰȥһԶצССŷЩٵ˵
ܹ޷ƽ
ͨ鱦
΢΢һ㶣˹֣óӡ
ǰƴСԲ̣һƬӨ͸·ܲӨ̾һ񳹵ĴСȴˣͷףսצ׳˶ͬһͷϹǰһ㡣
Ǻ
˫֣ЩΡΡָӡʵ
ӡ
ʵĻش
ʵӡҲǺ˽⣬ϴǸڱڵѣ֪ӡ˴ܡ
ڣҲоӡ֮ǰĲ̫һˡ
ӡ
Ͽૣӡüͷ΢΢
м䣬δҵйӡļ¼
εģ
׷ʵ
ڱųǵԱ㳡Գġ
˵䣬ƲɵһһԵС򣬼ǵģǲźۼĳ˳顣
һÿᵽ£ҪƨһƺĹһ㡣
ҲȷǺܴĹ;ˣ
Ա㳡
һһĨɻ󣬡ѵĳϹ
ȷǺûԵ
˵˵ͷһĨɫ
ִˣɲ˶ܹӵеģ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦһȡ
Լһֱ
£Ȼˣ
˿һ֮ϲԼ⣬ʱɫһ䣬СӸϽߣ
˵գҲƷӦɽȥ
úڵ̽Уȡճʥ
˵ԶԶĴĺ˿ǳɽȥ

µɽţϱֻֻ˿ռ䣬ŷƱ߽ռ֮ڡ
ͷ
ϼеĴߴٵ
ǣ
Ȼ֪Ƿʲô£ǷƻĻС
໣
һХССС͵ˮװ֣ʮףһǰõķĿɿڴ
֪СѾˣ
𷢴ˣϽȥᰣ
ŷվСӴͷ֮ϣϱָ㷽򣬷ʹСӶȥ
;Уϱǽ߱ƻ˵֪ʱɫһƬ࣡
ʷԲһ˭ôɣߣ
ĸŮһֱǱεԣ֪Ҳ޷˵Ľ뵽֮ȥժɱͷ
ڣ߱ƻʹ࣬һ뵽㣬ϾһһһĻţʹꡣ
ٿ㣡
䣬ɱĿǴӷƿ³һƬɭȻ
ԭСΪڣŲԸٶȻǣ֮һбʹȫ٣᰷ȥ
ӵпռ츳ٶϸʥˣΪзƲϵǳ֮Сԣһ·ٶ˿û٣̶죬

ڶ̶֮ڣǵϿһεı˺ѡ
໣
һ죬˱ǿһͷĺҡקŴ׳˳
ţȻ
Ųľ֮Ĵ쳹˵ڶһƬ뾪塣
ˣ
ܿ˷վںͷ­ϵķϡ
Ƿƣػ񣡡
һЩۼϳ˷ƣʱǴĽгһʱ䣬֮һƬڡ
ǵػ񣬾ȻŴ˵емױȣ޷
ֻǣڵķƲûȥ˵ʲôʹСϿգǺͻ˸кǴšħҴҵٴƿնȥ


715 Ҫ
Ӱħ֮ڡ
ʥڣǰӰħΨһĽգഫ϶ģǷʵȴҲ޴ӿ֤
ʥȴһһĴÿ죬Ӱħ̵ĽڶۼڴӪڣĻȡ
ÿʥڣħҲһһĴƴʥԪǣȫǱӵܣпܾͻᱻԪѡΪմ
ԣӵ˵ҲһʢҪĽգĸǲͬΪʥԪһ¾ʥڴʵĹھܹӭȢħ̵һŮߣҲʹεĹھպʥӣ
һʱ䣬ӰħڵӵȫǣĥȭƣһЩԪϵĵմҲ׷ױμӣΪδɫ٣ͬʱҲõһЩͨӵ̾
ǺףεںѡʥǵģǸԪϵĵմԼͨӵܹģ
ŵùڵˣǶϵĵմӣӵ켶н׶į䣬ΪӰħй涨ʥӱӭȢʥŮˣôʥˣ
Ŷʮ꣬һΪѾľ۷壬˵ȥŪһ꼫Ʒҩ֮Ѿ켶ľ磬ƾڵ켶ܣ뱱ʥֺʥʥӿ⣡
ʥӣû˻з飬˵ѾĪˣ
ȵˣʥӣõӵܶǼ֣ȴʵ޿κΡ

֣ʥŮȴһƬ壬պǳƣǼҪٱһ㡣
ΪˣۿԵĺȦ֤Ѿܾû˯ˡ
ڴߣĿŴ⣬ľȻȴƺڴЩʲôõһվڵŮס̾Ϣ
֪ԼʥŮѾǸΪƵӡ
֪ΪΣԺͻأһݵӰţǾҵҡͷ
ǸݹǻĪ䣡
ףѩô
СС˽ߵҡʵھڴ
̶̼ʱ䣬СŮǸԼ׸оӡ
мţǾԼĵ
ģ
߻عĸ˸Сεͷ΢˻Ƶ˵š
ǸΪСǰȥصˣ֪ԼĴһģ
ǣüô
ʥѾʼ˼ˣǡħǷƣѶõл̻̲
ٶȼ㣬᰸ӰħѾˡ
Ҫ֪ϴΡħӺʳϻħ̣Ҳһʱ䣬һɾҪʱ䰡
ǸʱԼѾɻˡ
һƬ䡣
̫ˣѩˣζҪ
СһǸ˵Ľе
ʲôѩ尡
һ͵洫˽ţһڵӱ˽ϴһ͵Цݣĭ磬һ£ҲЩ棬ֻǣӣߡСΣǸŮɫһ
ˣ
Сεһۣš
˺ڸǱ¶Լõǲźۼĳ˳飬һĨɭ䡣
ǶϵĵմӣĪ䣡
Ǵ⣬ҲǰӰħĽĶ
ǺǣҽıѾˣԹ
ȣŵЦ˵ĿǵӯʱͷӿһɻȵҲЩ١
Ȼɣߴʱ㲣ǵûб֮ǰѷɫҸһϣģ˲ͻϧ֮⡣
һ뵽δȽԼӵ˾ɫΪޣбǸΪˡ
Ƕ䣬Ϊ磬ǰӰħһ֮ĵһˣԣδȶ˵߸ѣ
ߣİɣײ޸ģҸ㣬ѩҪˣһݺݵһٵģ
СĹ˫Լ۵ȭͷ
ѩ𣿡
ĪϵЦ΢΢΢
ѾڶˣǣҲûҵĸѡʥǽѩģѡʥӶǣǣƾʲôԼ棿
뵱һЦǣĨ֮͵һ
ѵѩıԼҪǿ
ûʲô¾ȥɣʥŮɲʲô˶ģ
һĮ䳹ɭ̹ǣ˿ӡ
⡭
Ī仹˵ʲôǣ˫û˿еӣţͷȥҸˣʥŮúϢϾҪˣ
ʱʥŮλ֮ϣ
仰תȥԭº͵ɫȴһƬɭȻ


716 Ȼ
Դʥ߼ûкϹۣԽǵȥľԽ
ƻûʥڽҲֻж̶̼ʱˡ
㲻
ŴʣһĨȻ
һԿĻŮҲ̾Ϣһ
ΪЩĪ䷢쭣õĴȵĽҲӿ֮࣬գǰƴᰣʱô
⼸Ѿǲܵ飡
Ѭ˽һ㲵Ůɵ̾Ϣһ
벻ףԼŮΪôأĪ䣬ģʣ츳һӵ켶нҩ䣬ԼŮΪξͿأ
ѵˣ
ɣǣ߸ûȥΣôܾôңΪ˵أ
СοеѩħеķƣõͷеΡ
ѵ˵ԼŮͬʱϲӣ
ҡҡͷⲻʵʵ뷨γ⣬˹ȥ
ɵӣˡ
ŮݵգҲһʹο֪˵ʱŮǻ᲻Ҽ޸ʱҲǺһģϵģڣҲǹͦõô
߱û˵
ûǸ꣬ҲԼҲԼĸһɣ
ԣѧĮ
ǣаųٴǸ֮ԼѾ࣬ȻҲָоǰδеģָо
ϧʵǲпģǸȻܲͨӵ켶۷ҩ䣬Ҳ޷ΪӰħ̵ʥӣ
ΪӰħȷĹ涨ʥһҪǶʦȻһʦʥأǱˣ
Ȼ֪ǲܵ飬ǣȴһֱһڴǸʵԣԼ뿪Ӱħ̣
ڣһжѾˣҲԺǸӵ֮ͨǣҲ޷ֹĿǰ鷢չȥˡ
˼䣬۽ǻ䡣
ñԼ֤Լף
ʱȻ˰ζп࣬ᣬȴޱȵԣУ޷԰Ρ
ʵûô¡
ѬοţңҿĪǺҲͦģºͣТ˳ȿȡ
ߵɫȥֹͣ߶
߶ԣҪ˯þʥ̵˿Ц֪ô
⣬ٴ˵
ߣ
߱ĺһתͷȥ
⺢ӣ
ѬҲǰǳҪʥѿôǰˣ»£ʥڽ죬͸л񣬻ѡʥӣ
ѬĽͣõԭɫ԰׵ߣɫǰ˼֣ǰޱϤӣھһƬ
Ȼǰˣ
ŲЦΡΡվƫȥ

ˣ
Ӱʥ֮ǰһƬ֮ޱȣۿȥѹѹһƬȫˣҲʮ֮ڡ
ſڵ̨ϣӰʥмĿϣѬߣٲߣߣʮΪģųһֱ߶
ÿһ˶ǴЦ⣬Ψߣնͬʬ⣬㲵ϣûһ˿ɣģõһԵѬüѡ
̨֮£һ̨·һ㵭ϣڱŷ
ʱܹվ̨ϵģȫһЩѡʥˣңǺѡʥڵľ
ʱţת۱ǵ硭
ѾһˣĪһĸݵ̨֮˱Ƕһţķǳҡ
Ǹݵӣھ˿Ī䣬ңƾһؼȵѹסĪһͷռϷ磡
˱֣ǫ̃ϵʥԪǶǷ׷׵ͷ
˾ǰˣպҲԻΪʥ̵֧
飡
ŵŵţ
Ժһ֮󣬸ֻ˺岽Īȴʮ󲽣ʱһɫǵͨ졣
ǰںѡʥ棬νײ㣬ԣĪҲûǣƥȴһ·˾ңΪԼľУ㣬Ҳû뵽
ģ
ŭһԼܣһһҺĺɫܱǴ˳һȳȫõ˽Ծųֻ̈ϵĴǲûжɫ
ھӣԣĪʹԼĵˣ
켶ܣ
ǰⷺŶĺɫϫӵɫʱͱˣҲֳһɶܣȻŨȴҲҺ״ǵؼ۷ѣ
һ֮أֱӱ㱻û˻ԵС
źѪԹȥӣĪǸ߸ߵ
ʥ̵һˣˣ


717 
Īʤ
̨ԵһߺҲʽδȽ
̨֮£һƬп֮
ǸûΪϣ˶֮ϣ
ǿ켶ܣѾܱȺʥܣ൱ǴʥУôܹˣ
ȽĪȡ˹ھ͵ͬΪӰħ̵ʥӣңӭȢħ̵һˣΪޡ
Īվ̨֮ϣ΢΢ǹһĨЦݣΧЩĽʺ޵Ŀ⡣
ѾԵӣַֻͷ治ԶһȳĺɫܱǴڱȡ˳
ӽüͷǲźۼ䣬âһ
ݵѾвĴڣΪ켶ʦôһλþͲˣ
Ϊʥӣһѡʥӣĸ̬ܹܵˣ
ʱ±ư˸ӵĶͷϣһƲɼĺڣѸٵƣӴ󣬸ӵɫǻָ
Ǻǣ
Īº͵Ц⣬ãĸһͬվ̨֮ϡ
˴ȣ̨ϵԪǷ׷׵ͷӰʥıҲǷǳ⣬վ
Īô˴ʥڴȹھ
ƴд˳ȥͬһ㣬쳹ȫĪϵЦ͸ŨˣĿֱֱ̨϶ǵٻӰһĨȡ
ȻɵŮӣǰӰħӵܵ׷󣬽죬ڱԼõˣһ뵽бǼޱȣǿױ
ǰѾ棬ʥԪһ¾εĴȹھҲΪʥ̵ʥӣͬʱܹӭȢʥŮ
ӰʥٴοڴʱϵһЩӵȫһƬȻ
Ƕʽʥڽ죬ʥʥŮĳɻ֮գ
ϣɨȫϲ˵ţһʱ䣬ϵǴάϲ
Īǰ⣡
ӰʥĪԣϲ̨̨ȥ
ݼʥ
˰Ӱʥǰȥйĺš
԰Ӱʥʥ壬شĪΪҰӰʥ̵ʥӣ
ƴ쳹ȫʱ˱ǹȥ
ʥ޽ʥ޽ʥ޽
ʮһгͬףϯǧ
ڿʼҰӰʥ̵ʥˣ
ӰʥǰһĪ䣬Ц˵
Īлʥ̧
Īϲϲɫæĵл
ţ
Ӱʥĵ˵ͷųųϴλ
лʥ
˲Ǻȫվ
ʥŮ
ʥŮ
ʥŮ
мûӦ𣬰Ӱʥɫǳȥ̨ŵԪϵϲɫҲȫǿһ
һ㲣ûаѪɫնʧȥһ㣬Ŀεɫ񷣬ƺûӰʥĺһ㡣
ʥŮʥŮʥأ
ĻһԵѬһֻ֣ҡѹлš
ãڲӹһĨɣĿ⻺ת
ˣϽվȥл
Ѭѹ˵
飿
ԣ߽΢΢һҲᶩģ
ҡͷ
ʱȫ˶Ǵ㵵ĿӰʥɫҲѿ
ߣ
صĺһתˣкʥʥŮϣճɻ飡
У
ߺһ¾վӦǿҡ
ɲ㣡
Ӱʥɫȵ
û뵽߻˵Ĳ˴֣εʽȥҲΪЦһĴڡ
ʥŮȻǱƻģ
ѾǱ˵ˣԣܶ飡
ĺ˿Ұ׵ϣֳһĨ̬糺죬ʮڵ棬嵭˵š
ʥŮ뱣࣬ʥŮʧʥˣһ֣ʥŮͻᱻʥ̼̣һ
ں˵ʲô
ѬҵվҪֹ˵ȥȴѾΪʱ
˶ǴĿӰʥһɫĵˮһԪҲȫվĪҲʧȥ˷ŵĴȣǳ鴤䣬ɫ
ûк˵
ϴŲЦ˵Σʵģ

ʱȫһƬ
֤ʵô߾ֻ·һ
ʥʥԶʱھһֱ£ʥҲܸģ

Ҳ飡
ĪɫνǾͬ˶ɵҰһ㣬һ˫۾һƬ
ӰʥѬԪϣȻĿ
ѵô
ڵľȻӡ
ʱ򣬰Ӱʥһ̧ͷ񷡣


718 ƿն

һ̶ڹ㳡Ͽ쳹ţεɫֽһ㱻˺ѿһƬ޼ʵռֳ
ʱӰʥ˱ٴһľĿǵѷ죡
ֻʥ˲˺ѿռ䣬˵Ķʥɣ
ѵǹ˵ˣ
һ뵽㣬ɫǺΪҰףһƬ¡
˶԰Ӱħ̵׷ɱһֱûֹͣʥţô⽫ǰӰħ̵ĽѣҲĩգ
ԭѾǱ֮ĵߣʱĿǵڵѷ죬֪ΪΣĪķһ
ô
һֺǿҵԤУ
໣
˻ûӦ֮ʣһХǴѷ֮ڴ˳ţһͷڵľҡקǴ׳ˣѷ챻˳
ƬǣƬƬ˸ɭɭâֻצսƺܹץһУأͷһ˫ǸߴټţۣâƺܹһС
ͬԶŹϵϣһ֣ȫ

Ⱥ˸ߺ
ٹ죬׽һѼһΣʥҲûĴڣ˶ڹżϵ˽⣬˵ϵˣӰʥǵһμ
ˣ
ۼ˺ܿͷ˷ơħϵĴڣʱǾڣ͸¶żȵĲ˼顣
Ȼܹ
޷ţǹżϣҲδ˵˭ܹΪģ
ӵпռ츳Ī⣬˭ܹ׷Ѱ٣
ǰȴվںɫͷ­ϣ
ƣ
һۣ߾ͿǵϤӰʱˮӯ˳ջ䣬ԭľȻת˼
ˣ
ˣ
һֱ֪ģֻȴû뵽ңôʱ
Լˣǻϲǰؼ䣬ֻʣһӰĴڣ
ħ
Ѭȴǿħʱ΢΢ҲһĨ𾪣ȥ᰸ǸƱôѵ
ĿƷ˷Ƶϡ
ǳͨų࣬Ϊ
ľ㣡
ѬһĨ졣
ܹﵽ۷ľ磬Ѿ˵츳Ϊ
Ŀϵʱʱһ񼸺һ˲ڱˣԺֻ֣֮ʥˣ
ħȥˣһСѣ
Ŷ̶µʱڣȻһʥѵ˵Ǹӵʥ˵ô
뵽⣬ǲ΢΢˳顣
һӵʥ˵һӵʥؼ̵
һԵįҲǿڵɫĿǿһӡ
ѩ𣿡
ӿһ֣뵽СεĻʱбǺݺݵĳ˳顣
һӣ
ӰʥɫأĿֱֱϣɢµϢĿˡ
ܵв
һԵԪҲٴУȫվڰӰʥ󣬽Ŀϡ
ܹоǱǰͷֲĴڣ

ã
ûصʻʹûл񣬷ƶʱ˿ǣҵ֮󣬿ż㲵ʱɫѸٵȥ
ģ
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬â˸һ壬СǸֱٽ̨
ǺˣôҰӰʥ̣ν£
ӰʥСǰƵܹѹһУһأкǳ
΢΢һһɴϣǽһڣİӰħڷ׷׶ǹȥɢɢһЩ˻վڣҲǳŵķǳ࣬һѵûãΪǱ̱ȥ
ʥܹ֮ģ
ӲΨһ
ν£
â£ŭĿԲɣŭ죬һͷڷ߸ƮкȵҪҵӼˣȻ˵ν£
ͬըף쳹ȫͬһŭ񣬻űϢһ˫֮Ѫ˿ӣͫ
ˣۣ˭˭
oҲὫ֮
˻Ŀ࣬ǴĿ
ӣѵ˵ʥŮ
ʱ˱ǿߡ
ѾݣһûѪɫϣۣױȡ
ʱбһѵģ
ͬʱҲǷЩ˸ֻĿɫЩŤį䡣
ӣû˿̣һӣɲôǵģοվһλʥˣ


719 ϱ
ŭڣŭⰵӰʥһĻӡļ䣬ޱ𶯡
˭
һʥ˱ӻ꣬Ѿ޷ӵĴˣ
ҲĳʥصʥӣҲһҵӵܡ
һж˵һհĴڣ
ΪλʥŮܵĹϵһŮ
ǴεļϣŮû֪ȥ
ǵʶģ
ɻ벻ף
ŭ꣬ڻؿŮѬ΢΢̾Ϣһ
֪ԼŮģѾǸˣ
ף꾿͵ԼŮķĵģ
ķƴʱĽ̬ȣжŮǱȽ⡣
һ꣬ΪԼӣŭʥˣ㣬ûмܹõ
ƾ㣬һǳϸɷ

һ꣬ʮڵŭ⣬Ӱʥ֪
¡¡
һƴڱŷʱؾɫΧĿռ䵴һۿɼͬʵʣܹݻأ
бŭһ˫ºâͬһһ㣬£ǣĿⲻϣһƵɫԼѹ֮ºɫʱ𶯣ѹŭ³׾֮ҰӰʥ֮̽£ɲܣ
ƨ
ֱŭ۾ŭɣӣҵ£˭£죬ҵҪ˭ұ
˵䣬ǳ֮ӿΣһǳһ㣬´ƣġ
㣡
˱ӰʥŭɶѹٴΧĿռ׹Ҫѿһ㣬ЩŤ
ǾǺηҪҰӰʥΪô
ûаɫٴ֪ͣĶ֣Ľڻûܹ⣡
ɶǰӰħ̺ĳԱҲħ̵δǾʹ˱ɱ԰Ӱħ˵޷ܵʧ
ԣ̣
밵ӰʥΪУ
ϲмƲƲǡ
˵ڵİӰħ̣ǰʥأҪҲ׾ٵ£
СӣȷҪΪҷҵϱ
۾һɣҲĺǳѹϯֱӾͽӰʥһϾǾ㵡
ҵϱ
˽һ㶣Ȼ
ңĸң
˶˼֮ƥ󣬲ɵȫһ
ѵǵ۳Ƿң
˲ʱȫһƬԪ϶Ŀ࣬ӰʥϵŭɫҲֱӽޱȴ㵵Ŀϡ
۳ɷң
Ѭһ֮ҲӿֳһĨ˼ɫ
ǵãħȥһΪĵطȥƱţô꣬ǵ۳Ƿ֮ˣ
۳ǷңǿһȻǰӰħܹģ
˵Ӱħһͷǣô۳ǷҾһͷһŲв֮
Ī̱ڵأһƬ̻̣ҡ
ԼȻȥ۳Ƿ֮˵ӣ⻹л·ô
ͬʱӿһǿҵĲʣԹޣ
ߣ⻰֮ҲһĨɻ
ǼǵãʱϼأƲһСǼӵܣһͻ𣬲˺ĳɾ͡
ôͻȻͱ˵۳Ƿҵӵˣ
ӰʥиǾȻͬʱвɵһĨҡ
֮ǰΪ˼λˣûн˵̫Ȼ˵۳ǷôҲӰħ̾Ѿߵյˣ
һ뵽ǰ£üͷ
ߣ
Чϲһ
ҲǼǿĺôӵܳ⣬ƾͷû˸ۣ
ڣڵ۳Ƿҵͷ֮£Ӱħ̣ʥڣû˻춯
ৣ
Ƶɨһ۰ӰʥֻԾ£ǰ
߶Բˣίˣ
ǰɫ㲣ݣ۾ףˣھϧЩƣĲ۵ϵֻۣǣߵˮֹסңõķЩæңиǵǸ˿û˸ղƣһŮСһ㣬飬֪ȥο
һԸҵŮӣʲôڣ˴һ棬ʹЩϢһѽ뻳УӵţƺҪ֮һ㡣
ⷬľ󣬵õȫеŮһ
ķŮô
ʱǱЩȡ
Ļ֮Ѭ˿ΪɫڳİӰʥû¶ɫ


720 ҳ
Сӡ
Ļϸ룬¶һĨЦ⡣
ϣĳǳ壬ţξԼûͬжҲ޷˵Ĵһ
Ӱħ̵ѵԼʥ̵ʥŮҪô
Ҫ֪ÿһʥŮƿ˰ӰħߵĶߵĻܣ룡
üͷİӰʥǱ㶼ǵͷȥ
㲻ʣѵƾڵİӰħܿ۳Ƿң
·
ԣӰʥڱѵì֮УҲ֪ô¡

ǵ۳ǷҾǿֶǿô
һڶ𣬷΢΢һ㶣ͷǿɫЩį䣬ʱ΢΢
зǳĲʣֻҪõʥŮܳΪԺʥ
ڣʥŮߣôͱٴǸʱ򣬻ֵô
ԣ߾ΪԼȡ˽ʥŮߣ
Ļʱ˵ע⣬ÿ˵ķӦһ
ǲмĺһ
ǿΪ磬ȭͷ󣬾ǵ
һоô򵥣
˵⻰ԵЩ֪
ӰʥѬһĻ֮Ҳ΢΢һ㶡
⻹֮ǰʱ򣬴ȹ˵ǸĪô
˹Ъģõɫһ
һҲֳǰ㣡
ǿ᣿
һмĻȣߣ
߾ʹ
ˣмȥЩʲôΪǺôҲǰӰħ̵ĴӪҲ¶ˡ
վס
Īк˷ǰ˻ѾҶ飬㲻ܴ
飿
ԣƵɫʱǺڳ΢΢˸ΣյĹâվȣǰô
ѪתһɰϴڱŷֱӾõį䵹һɫԲ԰ס
̫ˣûǸʸ񣡡
һ߸ߵĻȣЩϷʵ˵
ȻĳĪĵϸӵ۷徳켶ʦȷѾʥӼˡ
ǷǰǿУƵȷ޲ߣڵĪܹģ
㣡
Īǵһͨ죬Ѫ˿֣˻㲻һƾԷļѣʲôʸ˵ң
ƲһͨԵѣ
Ŷ
⻰ƵҲûĿⷴΪζˣȻǰһĿģ
ҲҪģ
߱ƻ飬һ϶Ҳһݹ棡
ңҲҪйеķŭ˭֪һﾹȻˡ
֣
һ۷ӵ켶ܵĶ֣Ҳ
ô˵Ҫȱˣ
֪ʵ˵
ҵĻ
Īһϲܼϵ仰ֻ̨Ծȥ
ǣ
ƳͶһǰο񣬱ǰ̨
վ̨֮ϣʱȫĿ⣬ϸƵʱȫ΢΢һ
һԵˡ
ԭЩŭϣʱҲ˷Ƶ뷨ʱҲȤĿ̨
ûмƽϣ⵹õİӰʥ΢ĺ˿ԭӦϲ飬ǲ֪ΪΣЩãӦòǱϿȥ򵥣ǣȴҲʲô
ߣһѬϸİο£Ҳƽ֪̽ƵΪȻѾľ֮һС΢΢Щſˮʵ֮ڣֳһĨ˼֮ɫ
Ųһʱ䰡
Ǽǵã뿪ʱ򣬷Ʋƾ쾧ԲŽ۷壬ڣ̶̲һʱ֮ڣȻ۷壬۷壡
ͬһٶȣõԽܣ
һ﾿ô쵽ģ
оɻ󣬽ʾ֭Ҳ벻ô쵽ġ
Ȼ֪Ƶʺر𣬵ǣǰҲȲܰɣ
˭˵һʱܴ۷۷ģ

飡
ǹһĨЦ⣬һŶڵ棬ΰѪתǳ֮籡ȭͷǳĪ˹ȥ
ȥɣ
Īɫֱӱ켶ܣʱһȳޱȵĶƼ۶ɣֱӳŷȥ
أ
ֱӶȭͷ˹ȥһȭͽͷ­ҵķ飬Ϊ֮飬翪ȥ
ķƱ֣Īһϲǣϲɫܿͱ˴㵡
飡
һĪıȥӱ߸ߵѪ£ڣǴһĨɻ
ΪζûЧ


721 ϸŮ
飡
̨֮ϲϵĴ˵ģҲһһģаӰħ̵ӵܣ̨Ǽûз֮į䣬ھһƬ㵡
Ե꣬ȻĪ켶ܣ˸˸ͬһǳսȳޱȵĶ֮ڣƽأΧЩƵĶܣ켶ܣȻ˿Ӱ첻֣
ôܣ
ÿ˶ǵԲ۾ھǴ㵡
켶ܣѾʥᲢˣֻʥϵ֮ʴԵģ
벻ף޷⣡
ܶѣ
ǹһĨмĻȡ
Ȼ֪ƾжٵƣǣƾǳܹ֮켶ܣ
ѵ켶ҩʦ
˱ǳȥˣϾƱ¶ģֻͨѡ
һ켶ʦ켶ҩʦôעʦҪ磡
̨Ǳȥ沿Σɵį䣬ΪĬһӡ
ȡ
˵Ȼˣܹʥӻܿһô
飡
һȭصĪ֮ϣֱȥһҲ˳ѪɽԶʮ֮һҸĻ˹ȥ
ֱԵǿ̣ɲףΪԼĶˣ
ȫֻߡħ
һ켶۷ҩʦ˵ʲôȽ׵Ķܣ˵Ǹƶѣ
˭Ϊûʸģ
ͨɨȫֱлĴģûһӵܸȥ
Цһһ˵Ī䣬ѾſˣȥŰô
֪֮еģ
ǣ
һ˫˫ӱܵĿ⣬һ̨ɨһۣǿվһԵӣ΢΢һǹһĨζЦ⳯ȥʱǸӱԵЩš
ǲǺǸһｻ֣
һ׵ľ룬ƱָͣŻ̨ϵįݵʵ
š
ݵӲȴҲ˵ͷ
ǣ
һĨĪ΢Ц˵һ䣬жˣ֣ϸӦԼͻ֪
˵꣬ǳ̨ϵ߳
ŷȥıӰӱɻ̬ĬĬı۾ɫ԰׵۾ǻԵį䣬ھǷŭ
ܹо֮ϣһ㼸ɼĺңһֱʴ࣬ٶȣ΢ɼǷѣעⲻ
Ļ˱Ƿʲôˡ
αӣСˣ
ǰ˺ĪһֱǱ񣬶ҷǳĴȣǣһжǼΪЩвĴڣں
ǣܵв
һ
СպΪħʥ
ʱֹԪϣѬ밵ӰʥɫǱļΪ
ƺͻȻףΪ֮ǰʥһЩ츳ӵܻ޹ˡ
ȵĪ֮Ǿ˿ĿЩɫԭĻη壬ڱͬһ
˶
һߴӸ̨ϳһƽڵأǷٵȥ
ƣûȥЩ£ϾǰӰħ̽ڵ£ңţǸһҲʲô³
߶ߣ
̨֮ŵ΢Цֱۡ
΢΢ԥһվߵѬĸھȻϲĿ⣬ɵסˡ
зǰɣ
Ѭǣߵ֣ƣЦʵ
ǡ
ߺмƵŮӣ΢΢һ㶣ѿʵ
˵˭
Ѭɵķ˷ۣһ
Ůģĸﶼʶ
ԴˣһЩ˱Щ̿ѣرϣֱӾֿЦ

ϵЦû˱䣬һڨڨҲ֪ôˡ
ܴˣɫħҲ˳ǡ
߰ɣҴȥʥŮ
ѬҲûмƽʲô߳Զȥ
һȷǸϸɷ򣬵ǣȴһϸŮ
໣
С쳤Хһ޴ٵСֱӴܽ˷Ƶ֮ڣϡħƣ˽ѬʥŮȥû˸°Ӱʥ˶վԭء
鱻ֳ˭Ҳû뵽ģε־磬Ī䣬ǾԲٳΪʥˣ
ɢ˰ɣ
ӰʥЩεĿˣԪһ߽ͬ˰Ӱʥ֮ڡ


722 Ů
ʥŮһƬ֮ڣɫĺڻϷһ΢Ʈǧ
һ˲ſڣСαС˳ţѩô
ʱ˵ƻҪ뿪ʥŮ
ǣվǰȴһûмӣɻ󣬵ȴİϤС
ѩ壿
ССԴɻĳ
ϣǸݴӰӡ
ŮЩĪ⾿Ƿʲô£رСνзΪѩǸǲˡ
ǰ꣬ôѩǸݵĴأ
ߵĲʵ̫ˣ
Сζ
һЦ⣬ѩǻһСŮ
ѩ壿
һϤޱȵСζʱ;е͸¶˼ζ
ϤϤϢİףһʱҲת
ţƵӱǻĿʼһŴֿӱǳǰ
ǵʱѩģ
ѩ壡
СŮûԥſ˫ֱۣ˽˷ƵĻУи
СŮȻ֪ʲô£ǣ߼ûʧǵģΪƣֱӽеίй˳һʱ޵ϡﻩģͿ˷Ƶ
Сζˣûˣѩ岻ô
ϸİοСŮЧȴǺܴ󣬽һæҡ
Ƶǻʧģߵļ䣬һģӿһů⣬Ľⶳ
ŮĿɿڴ꣬ȻǵǸݵ׳
ʵĻѬ
һԼŮôһŮԼȻ֪
Ҳǻɣ˾ôϵģ
벻ף
ѩ壡
Сţͣ˿ʵĿŷƣСϹ棬Ժζѩô
˻һ˶ǿߣһ˫˫ھɻ
⾿ô£
ȴǱһᣬЩ죬һԲԶߣ߲źۼĵ˵ͷʱϱӿһɾϲЦݣصĵͷȻԣΪҾСζĵ

Сζٴκ۾˽˷ƵĻУ˫ֽקŷƵƺ·һ㡣

ƴЦڷֳ⣬һѱСξôԭתȦһᣬСŮǱˣϣһһСЦСŷƣͳŲԶҩȥϷЦϡ
Ļˮ
˵飬ֻ˲ȴҲûʹ̣ϾѾһĽ֣ô
룡
ѬߣĶ˵ţһ߽˴ڡ

Ӱʥ֮ڡ
ӰʥĿ˼ԪҲһصڸԵλϣϺΪ
ô죿
ãӰʥ۾Ŀʵ
ʥŮǱ°ߣ԰Ӱħ̵ʧǾ޴ģǣ۳ǷǸǵﲻԣӰʥʻʱԪ϶ǳĬû
ôһưˣ
ӰʥɨȫҲ𽥵ı䡣
ЩһԼŮһɶдʣҪˣЩһһưˣ
ŭԪҲֻĬĬܣҿ
˭֪߻ǵ۳Ƿҵϱ֪һٸҲұƻ鰡
ֵǣΪ߼ȻϣΪֲ˵أ
㣬Ҳǲ
˵ʲôҲˣѾˣҲѾˣҪ׷
ǾͲ
ǵȴӰʥ̵ľֻһ֣
ԣҪǵĲôʥŮ⣬ô÷Ҳ׷ε⣡
λ˼һ£ԼͷϣԼҲܻ׵ԭ£
ҵˣǲϤǡ
ʥҾã֮ҪȶʥŮȻ
һԪվ˵
ôȶ
Ӱʥı䣬۾
ЩһǱƻ飬ڸղţǷƼʱֻ¾Ҫˣ
飬˭ܵˣ
ңΪЩ£֪ȥˡ
ûǸ
һĻҲܻ±¡
ǸԪ˸ž⡣
񣿡
Ӱʥһ㶣ɫԻ
û
Ԫϵ˵ͷʥô˵ҲʥŮֻҪ˸߸˵飬ôпǰӰʥ̻ܴϷ󴬡


723 
Ԫϵһõ˶۾һ׷׵ͷ
һֱ룬ȴû뵽ȥȷơߴ˹ϵôܹӵзҵıӻ
ǿһĴзҵıӻôӰħ̾ܲˣٴνˣ
˵飬˾һɽһѹļ䣬ǴϢѾʧȥϣ
ڣһϣǰ
ƻ飬ǵĲԣȥǸ
һԪվϵ˵
ʥ̸գ汲Ը̹棬ҲܶĿ꣬ΪˣܹһУ

ԣȥǸ
һԪ϶վ鼤飡
ף
Ӱʥû˵֮ǰ˵ǸԪϱǳˡ
ɣ
Ǹȱ̬Ԫۿǳ
ȡ֣
ǸԪϱͨ죬ŭȵȫȥұ֤ʥ̿϶ϣ
˵˵Ŀ
Ӱʥֹ֣ЩԪ˵ʵ
ƻ£ϱͷϣܹôѵԷǸϴͻԭ£
Ԫת˺ʵ
һõЩһͷȵԪǷ׷侲ȥ
ǾԲԭµ飡
ǸûõģΨһİ취Ǹƣ
Ƕ˵ԪϲǳеŭŰӰʥ˵ܷ±£ȫʥʥС
ʱҲΨж֮飬黯һˣ
Ӱʥ΢΢̾Ϣһɨһ۴ЩԪϣû˵ڵȥ
޷ȥЩԪʲôΪǶΪ˰Ӱʥ̵ķչǰ̣ڣѳɣɱǣҲ޼£ֻͽʧѣ

֪ˣ
ǰһڨڨİӰʥѬ˷ۣûĺǳ
ѬãⲻҲǱƵô
Ӱʥε˵
ʥŮϳɻ飬ھûʥӣȷҲ˵ȥ飬ܹӵڣѾǺܲˡ
ߣ
Ѭһƫͷȥ
֪¶߶˺ܴûһ׵Σûбܾί
Ӱʥε˵ţЦ
εõѬЩ㵵Ŀ
Ҳԭ£ֻҵŮһĻ񡭡
ڵֻ뾡һ׵Ρ

ҹĻ٣Ⱥ貣ԣ¹⣬к£Ϊҹɫһ֮⡣
ƱѾ۵˯˹ȥСΣ߻صʥŮÿһΪСģǳ˻еСŮһ㡣
Ұɡ
һŮǰӷƻнӹСΣһŮһͬ˳ȥϷţ·ڷڡ
Ŀԣƻ˹ȥߵǰӣ˫΢΢ǱС֣żݵھ۵ɫ
߶ίˡ
εĻ˵΢һЩɳơ
߱˳£Ҳܲסֱ˽˷ƻ
ǸǿֶŮӣδ˭ǰ¶ԼĴһ棬ʱȴǽеһɣɼشѾڱıԵˡ
ûʱôԻ·
ԲԲ𡭡
вֻһֱο
һֱ˼ʱſУô˯˹ȥ˯Уϸü⣬һ
ʵ̫ˡ

СĽᱧĳһԵĴȥȻСĵĽڴϣҪʱȴǷ֣ߵ˫֣ǽקƺͻȻȥһ㣬ķ۲ѡ
С˴齣ӵ뻳У§Ľûа
ƺǸоһůϤĻ΢΢䶯ţڷƱһʵƣؿڣǿ΢΢ü䣬Żиȥǲģ¶һĨĻȡ
СĵĨȥϵˮһԵıӸϣôĿҲ֪ʲôʱű˯š
ɫӴ˽Ϊ˹һױ

߶Һ㸸ףٰһλԲζ˺
ѬߵƣЩε˵š
񣿡
ƶǲĿ
㸸ϣܹԭֻһӦΡ
ѬǸӵĿһۣ΢̾һɵҲǵģΪʲôһֱǰ˵أȻôֳ顭


724 ҹ
ʵ֮ǰԸ˵ƵǣʱķƲһӵܶѣ˵ֻ»£Ȼ˵
־ѬʵĽͣƲһ鷢չľ
ȷվڰӰħ̵ϣЩԪǵȷûʲôϾûʥȷ˵ȥģҲףܹӵ죬ǰĸĹͿ϶ҲǲٵģȴֻδᣬʱеŭҲĳȥ
Ͼߵļˣϵֵ̫
ƣ㲻Ļʥһ죬߶лΣ
ѬʮֿĶԷʵ

ƳתߣֻҪ߶Ը⡣
һ̫ͻȻƿţԵЩңӿֳĨ糺죬˸ͷȥþò
Ѭ΢΢һЦ߽߱һԵĲ෿˽ȥˡ

ˣ
Ӱʥ㳡޾Ļ䣬֮ڣһƬʽ쳹ǧظ裬ַǷÿ϶ϲޱȡ
ǺףߵĻܹУɾǴŰӰʥ̴˵۳Ƿ󴬣
ԵģǰӰʥ̵ʥŮʥԺӰʥѣӶ֮
ԣ˵Ļȷ֮ЩԪһ϶ֿ˻еݺᡣ
ƣվǽ±ˣ
̨֮ϣ밵Ӱʥж϶ǴŨŨЦ⣬վһԪϣ
ʱ硭
໣
һ𶯾һ֮ȫѹȥȥһɫŹ㳡ӷɶ
ȻѾǵڶμͷǣڻӿ𺳡
۳ǷҲǵ۳ǳѱ
ͷ֮ϣһ£Ц⣬ϲСΣһѬŸźͷߡ
ણ
㳡ϵĺɫ̺ǰСǻĽ̾޴ġ
ৣ
ƱСͷ̤Ϻ̺һԵѬҲ
ˣ
ʱĴ쳹˿컨ٴ£裬һʱޱ
ĺ̺ϣСҲɵŷƵֲûܣһͬĳ̨ȥ
һĻõ飬ȻȻһȴǻĲѣܹ֮꣬ʥˡ
ҵŮͽˣҪúô
̨֮µʱѬǰЦݣص˵
ĸģ
һĵ˵
ţ
Ѭ˵ͷߵַģͬʱһԵСվһԣǰȥ
ף겻ԼŮίģ
һأ
̨֮վһԵһ߱ǳ˺е
ݸã
޽ݣ
ǹѬС±ԪǹƣһֱҹžѬѬĻصʥŮ
߽˷䣬ǿ߽ק˫֣ЩŵڴϣʱǱһĨЦ⡣
߶
ǰĻ
š
̧ͷ͸ɴ
Ժˣ
֣ƽߺ˵
Ůͷڣһɫ£еͬɽʵˣϸСԲ͹İƽɣô˵ĻʣУŸˣƶĻȡ
ѹеļ¶˫ƿͷϵĺɴĿȻɾޱߵ
ȹѣģȶˣһ˫۲ԣһ۾ͻᱻԶȥƤףɽظֱһ۶ȥ˫糺죬ǣСɷ۵ӣ·Ĺ񹤾ɣϢõķĵһɻȣһѽ𣬷ϴ齡
úһ֣߰ϸ壬Ө͸ۺйˣƾջ
ںϸ㷢ɢߣС΢΢³ҷˮգ̺ļ壬ҡ
ȥһеӳڷе˼ֻǰ߽ڣƺȻڣȻ棬ֻһ̲ΨһϴΪҰޣ۾Ǿ߰ȥ
ʱ֮ڱǴתõԣɫ¹£ܹӰһڻıڲϵķתǬ
Ǹ֮ҹһ֮ҹ


725 Ϭһ
֮ڣֻ밵ӰʥˣϵЦҲ
Ҳ˵ҷҵɣ
ϷеĲ豭һۣʵ
һЩ
Ӱʥ˵ͷ
ʧ˵۱֪飬ȻʵǣҲǵ֮Ӵ
ȻʧȥۣҰڣƾ֮壬Ц۷壡
ȴǴҪսҵλϢ
Ǳʵ˻ܹһǣˣȴû˸½ۡ
Ϊӹ˳ʹδʧһΣ
Ϊ˴ûаյ飬ԣ˿ҵ۳ǵĵλӦǱסˣ
ǣϹʱھʹĵۼң̻ǼΪµģ۳ǣҲȥϾɱ
˭ܲ²λǳ۸ĺʲôƣ
ԣҾ㱻˵۳ǣ̣ɲһܹģҲȵܹµҵͷΣ
Ӱħ̾Ͳ˵ˣǰأƾ趾ʦܹԶʥأڹ˵Ĳϴѹ£Ǹ޷ʥˣңǲܳԽˣӵֻܶ⴦СռڣȥҲҡ
ǼΪɱ飬Ϊ˴УǱأ
Ҫҷô
϶Ų豭СһڣɫƽĿ
š
Ӱʥ˵ͷЦҰӰʥ̣ǰΪʥأǹв֮𣡡
Ŷ
ԣϻȻЩӰħ̵˵ߣȻҲЩ顣
Ͼ֪ⰵӰħ̾ǰıʥأôȻҲ֪ǾûڵİӰħˣ
Ҳѹ֣
⼸ҲǷˣطֱһʦѳһֱĴ滳ɣڲűȷˣ˵ȵºһǸһ̣㰵Ӱʥ̳
лϣ
Ӱʥϲæл
зӻӰʥܹؼˣ

ˣ
̾ڻЩ۾ƴЦ˵š
ţ
޴ɴĽ߱ҹ꣬ʱһĵӿĨ糺죬ͷȥֱӡ
Ǻǣ
ֵһЦһĻҲǵһμͷһĿͬסһ㣬Ҳ벻ˡ
дģȻɣǾ£촽ˣ˫Բ󣬰𪶯ˣͷһѩһƬޱȵۣٸ壬ƵĺʱǼͷȣ𣬵ͷȥƬ۵ĴȥУϸϸ˱淼ҺʱߵɫЩ졣
ڷƴ㷭ϵʱ򡭡
ˣ
ˣ
űˣСεõһʱԵ
飡
֮Уѩ׵ĳȣһȥĳ˿ûзӦֱ´ȥĸҵ³
ǣĳСŮĳһԹĿ⣬ŪΪĳˣ

󡭡
ƣûȥˣ
ǸϵʥŮŷ˵
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷǴСȥʥ밵ӰʥѬ˵

໣
һСǳڵռȥƬռָ
ͬеģСΣŮǺߴСһ𳤴ģСҲϰǵչˣҲ᲻öǣԣǴˡ
ڰӰʥڣڷƵĴٳ£ħΪ˰Ӱʥ̵һûӭȢʥŮʥӣŲù󣬾һλʦҪˣ

糾᰷ҵˣڱϽӻطҴӪ֮󣬱פԭڷ֧ĵϡ
֧֮˱ȻĽǣǣЩ糾˾;쵽Ծˡ
ΧеķӵܣԼЩƺ̫飬ۡһЩƢĸǴ֣õԭһǻ𽥵ȴȥ
⾿ô£
ÿһķӵܶͷˮǸоԼһ֧ƺһ㣬벻ȥͥ
ΪǷʧ˵۱Եʣ
ڷ糾һ֧˵ʱ˳̾һԭί
۱
糾ȻԵ۱ֻΪİ
ʧȥ˵۱ҷҾ͵ͬʧһ۰򡭡
ϸ˵ΪλԭзĿǰľ
Ȼôأ
糾̬ԣʱҲȻ
ʧģ
˼ȵƳصʱʣΪڷԪϲ㲢ûй۱عϢ


726 ȫ
޼ʵռ֮ڣһͷ䣬İڶβͣˮһ㣬ޱȣٶȿ쵽˼¡
õϲп֡
ӵпռ츳ⷽ棬ʥҲ޷⣡
һģʥȻܹƾΪܹռ䣬̤УȴǾ޴ģԣʥˣҲ׵̤С
ңռڵ籩ʥҲģûܶ㿪ʥҲһ
ڶٶȣܼ򵥵һһӾˣܱȵĹˮô
ϵ츳Ǳܣʥͺ촫ʥ֮Ĳ
ԣʥҲ֮ûа취֮һ
ڷ裬ҲĽ֣Сӵˣп
˭ȥˣǷǵײǽɰ
ֱڣ˷һӵı֣޷Ϊܽȥء
̫أһ޾Ĵ󱦲һ㣬ڲꡣ

ԭռĵطСΣҲĵڷƻ˯ˡ
ƣ
ԥ˼Σϻǿˡ
ţ
ɻĿ
֪ģ˶֧ƫ
̾һ˵ţһĨǡ
Ϸġ
ǵɫƱ֪ڵʲôˣ΢΢һЦһˣһǻ׵ģ
ˣ
⻰ϲ˿ϴŵЦ⡣
꣬ȷǷҵĸ츳ͨˣҲҲٸ
˽µУ˷ҴӪ
ߣ
ϴЦ⣬ŷƼ˱ǳĳжȥ

һľСɽȣɽˮ㣬Ҳ֮أƣƮ룬ڴ˵ɻ±롣
⴦ɽ֮ڣһСһԺ䣬ĵ׺ڣʱҲӰ߶ȻȴԵϡϡûԱ߼ɽôʢ
ɽȣΪӹȣڷ֧ľסء
ˣǺɽȵ˴ˣ
һŻŵĴһԺӣдĺš
ʲôط
糾Ӵڳǳɽڴȥ
飡
һѾķǳ׳ķڱǰһһȭ˳ȥѪԶھǲޡ
ΪʵѾܲˣԴ˴侧֮ٶȸһ·ͨڣѾΪˣ
ǣЩڴӪڵķӵܣȴǲԶˣ
Ǿ绹似޷⣡
ڣ
⼸꾪һһͬǸӳȥ
飡
⣬ÿһ˶ǵ˻ȥǱģõԶЩΧ۵ӵȫǷ
ǶǷΪײһЩ֧ӣÿѾ˼ҳ㷹һֱӹȵӵܣȻǲǣǣķڵˣȴôҲܲˣЩһĻÿ춼ݡ
Ȼ˵ĺᣬԽԽˣ
ҿ֧ѾԶˣ
ûãңûٴڷˣ
֮õķһ˶ʱɫ࣬ȴҲɡ
Ǻܲ⣬Ϊ˶Լڵӹȵôӣһ֮Ϊ˵ĺᣡ
ͣ
ŶֵЦԣҲֻһֻ֣ôŮһڵˣ
㣡
ڵ˫ŭվٴγȥ
ǣھǣôѾӵĶ֣
ѪףǱõЩӵһЦ
ס֣
糾˹֮󣬱ǿĻʱȵ
飡
ӳδţӶȭͷķٴκ˳ȥŭķ糾мƲƲ죬ƾʲôҪס֣
糾ʱҲ۷ѣȻῴ
㣡
糾Щ˵ŭȵһˣôԴ˵ô
һˣô
ˣʧ˵۱Ƿҵһɵģ
֪ܣҷң
Ļųڣһӵܸ
ˣɼǵĳν̵ġ
ǣ
糾ɫǺһƬȴҲ޷
Ͼȷǵ潫۱ʧ
ÿȻһᣡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ȣ̤ǰһεľƵķ糾ɫЩס
ǿ糾ͣҲһˣ
һ糾ƵĵһԵĺۼ
Ƽ˸ǼĻҪǳ⣬ȴֹ
Ϊһʱڴ󴦾Ѿǳףƾǿƣ޷Щ˸ıģ
СνߣƱȥ


727 纣
˭
ǰİ꣬Ǹͣ˽ŲĿꡣ
ϣܵв
ƣ
ƶ
糾ڵ˾ھǾϲ
߱һ㣬ʱõŵķ
ţܹһ⣡
ƣ
ԶЩȫɻĿŷƣ̫İǸʶƵΪȴõľ
ľ
ΪΣѾǺܲˣ㲻ܳΪӵܣ٣Ӣӵǿ϶ġ
ǣǷƵͨӵܶѡ
ʱмӵ뿪˳أٵĳԶȥ
ƼĻ΢΢䣬û˵ʲôֻǵЦſǰӡ
ѵҲǺһģ
ɫʵ
շ磬ѵǲշô
ƵʵɫϾ
ַɳ
ǲ䣡
ǸӲмĺȵ
ǣǼˣշ磡
ң
ǷҲҪˣ
ЩӵܽԾ壬һϴɫΪƵľ߶η壬Էһ
סڣ
۾һɣѪתǳ֮ӿһɺ嫵ϴ籡ϯ˷ͬһɽһѹ˹ȥõЩӵܾ죬һɫҰ׵Ŀŷơ
˭Ϊδδ
ܹоڵİƣʱǾ嫺еһСһ㣬ʱܻḲ
ԲͨԪ
ȻɫϿͨԪɣǣǹ¼š䣬嫺ƣôͨԪܹӵеģ
ǾԴ˵ģ
ͨһƬ䣬û˿¶еĻͬըһݺݵļ䣬õɫ˼֡
㣡
ָ֣ǰӣ㸸ףֵܣĶŪˣô
ҵȻǰο
Ҳûǻش
ܺã
΢΢䣬ǳôʲô
ͬһ㣬صļ䣬õһţ˵
ĻƲϵ¶һĨοЦ⣬糾˶ǾĿţɫҲƽӹڣһЩӵҲ½˳׷׶ǲĿİꡣ
ǣʧĶĲԣǣǻ㣬㽫ҪĶʧˣлôʱҪʲô
ǲ˵Ƽ˵ɫ࣬ء
ԭܼ򵥵ĵϸһͻףǣȴףڣƵжһ
ʧҪĶʣżǵģǶʧıˣ
⻰ӹڵӵܸ桭
ǴһھεУ֮⣬ǻҪѹ˵Ϊ˱µѪǸ͵
ţʵҲһĥ
Цһ˵ӵʲôʸ˵ֻ
ԶһϢڼ˵Ĵӵ˹
Ƿ纣Ȼˣ
˵纣ǾӢӵϣӵܵһˣ
ţǰ˵纣ľˣΪֻѾ۷˰ɣ
Զӵܷ׷ϸ֮
ЩӹⱾӵܸɫÿڵҲǵĿŷơ
۷尡
ˣܿסô
糾ҲЩǵĿ
ǵΪȻǿ͸Ƶľ磬һǽ
۷壿
΢΢䣬ɫûа㲨Ŀ߽ӡ
ʣͣףʲôǼˣǣõЩ˵ͬ⣬϶ǲģ
Ψһһ㣬÷յĻԻͣ
ˣӦ˵ľ򣡡
纣վڷǰ״ͣ䵭Ŀ˵
ʱڷ˵ǣһ֧ˣ˼˵þ˲мǲˡģ
Ǻǣ
ƵһЦٸӵܵǰϵ˵һ÷»صԭλϣ
㣬ӿʣ죬гţʱõĳ氲˶Щ㵵Ŀаӹڵӵܡ
÷ٴλָյĻԻͣɼѾǲܵ飬ǵ۱ع飬ҲܱסĿǰĵλѡ
۳ǵһңڷ˵Ѿһ
ȴ˵÷ٴλصһλϣ
֪ν
纣ع֮ЦƾԵ۷ôܽһ˵ɣ
ৣ
˵գԪ籡Я˵ƣһȭֱƵš


728 үү
أ
һ쳹ͬ쭷һϯ˷ʯ
˻
֮ʱǰһĻõ˲ɵĵһһ˫˫֮ھһƬ֮ɫſ۾Բɣ˵
纣˵ѾǱЩӵΪϣΪӵܵһˣǶʮѣһΪѾ۷徳磬пʮ֮ǰͻ
ȻôһҪˡ
ȭͷ֮ʱֻһֻƣ磬ֱӽ֮ס޴ľֱӻ⣬˿ΧǷϯľ磬½Ҳû
ǰŵЦ꣬纣һǰֻ˸ͨԪƣצһ㣬ÿҪԪʱ򣬴ֻ֮ϱǻᴫһɰֱӽ۵Ԫɢڣ

ܹĿǰΪףΪľ꣬Լ۷ûз֮
ⲻͨԪ
ֻƵɫ۾͵һɣѿڽеǳ֮
ҿ֮˳֣Ǹ꣬з
Ȼֻʮѣǣȴһһˣ
ƾģһǳ֮
ʲô
ǳ֮
֣˲һ˫˫ھһƬ㵡
Ϊӵܣô֪ܲǳ֮Ҫ֪Ҵۣǳۣ
ǷҵԴΪǣһֱΪߵҫ
ͬʱҲܹӵǳ֮ˣʲôˣ

ֻе֮˲ӵǳ֮
ʱǶɵٴεһ
ǰ˺ᾹȻǵ֮ˣ
Ҫ֪޾£ҵĵѾȥڣǧҲѳһˣ
̫Сˡ
ʮ꣬ȴˣһǷһ
һ뵽Ǹ˵Ĵڣӵܲɵͷȣ
Ǹˣӳʼ;ԲѾʮڵΪѾһǳֲľأڣǷҵϣϣҲǿܻΪ峤ˣ
ǰ꣬ȴİޱȣǵ֮ˣΪӵܵô֪ܲأ
ɻǻɣǣһ뵽ղǹɺ嫵ѹһ˵
ӹڵӵЩĪ벻⡣
Щˣϴģֻ֪ǷĺᣬһСڣģҲһ֪

ӹȵ˿ǵӰҲЩǵҲˮ
ǧˡ
ӷԺһ֧ûٳֵ֮ˣΪ츳ӵȫѾ߽˸ء
ڣһ֮˻վǰʣܹأ
ֻǣ糾ᰶһȴǲǳ֮ʲôΧЩ𺳡ȵĿ⣬Ǳ֪ǳ֮ǼΪµ
ǵͦıӰжʱӿһɼ
꣬ԶǵĽ
ͬʱ˵˵Ļ
꣬ΪԽʥ˵Ĵڣ
һ뵽Ǳͷȣ
Ǻǣ
ŷ纣𺳣΢һЦɿȭͷ˱ֱƣһɽһѹļ䡣
̫ˣ
нЩϢֶ֣һ֮ˡ
һǻףôϸһˣ
ƴŵЦɨȫЩӵȫǵͷȥֱӡ
Ƹǵ̫ˣ֮ˣԶǼĸȱٵĸ
ʱϸĻŷ˵Ļ
Լô
ȥıӰ˳ĬС
ӹ˱𽥵ļˣΪЩ˵ĴһƬ˼֪ӹȳһλ֮ˣ
ܹŷԻͣ
˻ǱŻɵ̬ȡ

ৣ
Ƶ˻صԺڵʱϱһЦĴ߼˴
Ů𺳵Ŀ
꾹Ȼǵ֮ˣ
ΪӰʥ̵ˣôܲЩأ
壬ʥ֮ϵʡ
ͬʱҲˣΪεĪᱻŰôˣ
ʱбٴΪĬһӡ
ǵ֮ˣⲻô
⼸λǡ
߼ˣ糾һ㶣Ƕŷʵ
Ǻǡ
ƴһ΢ЦһѽСαζүү
үү
·ϣƱǺ˵ԣСαģĶŷ糾еͬʱ˫֣ԲСϾϲЦݡ


729 һ
үү
糾΢΢һ㶣ǷԵֽӹСΣŻзװСŮȻɻ󣬵ȴ¶ϲ֮顣
ףߣҲϱ
ЩðС֣ҸЦݣŷ糾˵
ϱ
ǰ⽿Ķ˵Ůӣ糾һĨ졣
ûкߵ£ԣϱŮһ֣ʱЩӦ
ŮˣԼүүȴ֪
ţЩ𱸵ĵ˷һۡ
һŮôˣȻû֣

ڷƹĿ£ӿƬ糺죬ϸ˵ʱɫ͸ˡ
ڰӰħ֮ʱһĶˣ˭ˣĵȷȷЩϰߡ
úã
糾ͷҲǿĵĲˣЦݣ˵
˭ˣ
ش߳һ۱ǿ˷糾ŵСΣʱɫ΢΢һſ첽˹۾ĿɰСŮʵ˭ҵС
ɰС˶ȻҲˡ
̣
СһתƺʲôʱǳĽеͬʱҲֺõĳЩӤʵС֡
ʲô
һûзӦʵ
̣
СٴĽе
ǺƶŮζ
糾Цݵĸ͵
ôһϲС˶ҲϲĲˣʱѾ᲻÷ˡ
ƶŮ
ʱزŲͷǿһĲŮŮӳԼ˹

ƴЦݽеߣϱ

ɫߺ죬קŷƵƣĲסð
ǸƯ˶
ֻ΢΢һ㶣ǰסߵС֣ЦҲǺĿ޵
һˣŻƯŮϲǰѾǵˣ֤ԼĶӺ㣡
ţбǿˡ
ֱĴţߺͷȥֱӡ
ҵŮң
֮رǴӷ糾нС˹
ҲҵŮ
糾Ľеȴǻصһǰۡ
ζүү̵Ů
С۾Ľţλֱ֣佱ѣͬʱǶɰС˶֡
飬գûиоģǲ֪ΪΣԼĺůҲЩġ
ϣ
ߣһͬ£һ˺ͺ֣ЦﲻϵĴԺڴ˳õԭЩƵӹһݴûйĻ
Ц
ǼѾˡ
ȴεļסǸԺ䣬һ֮˾סĵط
ûãһ׷ԲԵˣӵĲ£Ժſڣ糾һһЩϵЦ⣬첽˳ӭȥ
ϣôˣ
糾ˣ߽˴
ˣΪӣӹȱߵһˣ
ϣ
ˣϣ㶼ǹĺ
ϣΨһûƫˣϹǣܻ㣬ᣬҲнĳɾͣ
ʧȥ˵̵᰷ҵ˻ô
ţ
΢Цųǵ˵ͷʾ⡣
λǡ
һɨۼ䣬ӵĿǷ˷ϡ
ϾҲôһꡣ
ϣҶӣƣ
糾ԺĽܵ
ƣϣ
ƹĳֺ
úã
ͷЩ׷ʵҷ˵㶯ǳ֮
⻰һԵҲǼĿŷơ
ţ
ƴ΢Ц˵ͷ
ģǵô
ӲȷٴδŲʵ
ǵģǰѾˡ
ĵ˵ͷ͵
ӵĿϵʱҲǵ˵ͷʱӱǼӯиߺڱӣӹٴγֵˣ
ǵۼҵı۰û˻Զϱ۰Ȼӹȱ˳֮Ϊˣǣ֮˾Բܵԣ
ڷƸӵİο£Ӳƽ
ƣһҪ϶ҪΪʣ
صĽ
ʱѾƵӹΨһϣˡ
Ϸģ
һĵͷĵ˵ϷģǷ¼ģСӻȫ
ãй
վãھǼǵһ˿ˣ뵱ǷǺεȵĹʣţܹ飬һҲĵ


730 װ
֮ϣƽӵߣƲϵĸǳ㷢Ǳ۾ŷƵؿڣǣһĨЦ⣬üҲһƬƽ̹
߶ϰô
ƵͷǿǵĨǳǳĻȣĿǣʵ
š
ͬһֻСè۾Ҳûͷ΢΢ڷؿڲ˲䣬һ
һע˲Χ˶Ǳһݾη̬ȣûѣûУԺҲɲԼƿأԣѧ˱䣬ѧ˼ǿ
ʱ˵ǽȻͬģǽӰħ̱ɺǣôůů
ȻЩϰߣǣȴǺϲգţԼһܹϰߵġ
ֻǣô΢һ䣬ȴǲ
ģ֬񣬺촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬ʱ÷ͷ
߶
˴ߵϣȵϢ̧ͷһǿ˫ͨӣʱ΢΢һ

ĨɰĴͣűǼ⴫ķ㣬õķҲܲסɫһŷ۵ĺ촽
ѷڲػȣʱһЩŹֵĴϢһʱ䣬ڴɫޱߣ
ſڷƵؿڣָؿڻĵϴĨĳ죬ǹһĨ֪Ļȡ
߶ǻ
Ʋɵĵһĳطٴ΢ķӦҧſߵһֻ۵ĶЩ˻Ƶ˵
ţ
ӣĿûĵһۣϾǽ

һĻڷУʱõĺŵһѽƿ
һ׺ͷޣ˿ᣬѾˣɲٳһο籩ĴϾͱ´ˣǻЦ
Ҿ㣡
۾Ѿ׼ˣֻܾ˫Ͷɲٱ´һΡ
ѾξˣʹľⲻһͷèһͷʮҰèԻצӣ
ֻǣȴ˼ţôĵ⻵ëأ
أ
ñӽԼʵʵҲʵˣ߲ŷ˾裬Ľë΢΢˴ʵ
λ֪֪ˣǣȴûӰЩˣ
ǣ
һ㶣˹ʱɫȥǴſЦ°ˣ
°ˣ
ԣһЩ㵵Ŀ
Ҫ֪۳Ƿңվ½۷ңҲҽëȻԻܾ˵Ľ֡
ʣôһҳ˭°ˣ
ǣŷϵĿЦʧ䣬ȴֲ˵ѡ
˭°ߵģ
Щ棬½ϣ˭ȥëȻ
칬ˣ
ƿЦ˵
ȻпŮһλԵǣ֪Ů°ߣȴɲζرǣڵƴϷңҲ޷أиǷࡣ
ڵԼ̫ˣ
ǿǿǿ
ֻһͷֻвϱǿпܽɽ磬лȥ칬ŮҪ
ܲУǾͳʥʥ˲УǾͳɵۣ
оǶ־
ͬʱҲ뵽˽һŵԣ
ڣܹ츳츳ռ츳ȫ״̬
ģã᲻뼤һأ
һĻ
ֻһ룬бһŻȣ
츳ľ罫һʲôĵز
֪ǵİʲôʱ򡭡
΢΢ѵ촽⡣
ǰ޷ŵǿȥ棬ڵѾȫͬˣǰʮӵе˵Ѿʲôˣ
Ҫȥϣ
ţΪԪϵϣеİȿ϶бȥʡ
ֻҪּ츳ôһϾ;ּ֮߱
ʣ˭ܱ⣿
칬
İ֣õ߲ЩɵĿɫϱ仯ķƣбЩǣѿʵôˣ
û
ԭ˵ûµķƣ˫ˮ֮󣬵ߵĻ˻ȥٴӿһĨʧ䣬칬̫ǿǷҲ޷⡭
ô
ŵɫ߷΢΢һ𣬶ʱǰһܿ˫֣ů޵ıѡ
ˣ


731 
꣡
峿һϵӰǴԶӹڡ
ƲǳţǼſЩȥ
ߣ
ǰһ𣬳Զȥ
߳һۡ
߶ˣ
һشС˳Цĳֻ
ţ
ԥϴŵ糺죬ǰȥ

ǰһֺĴأɢĵϡ
վ֮ǰƲɵıĺ˿
̫ݻˣ
ΪΣ
һ侧ɵģ
Ȼ侧ʯͷ̵棬ңлƸвֵĲϹĴֱʣҲֻе۳ǵļܹĳ
ģƾǱ濴ȥ򵥣ΪЩĪĲϣƺһĴ󡭡
Ȼûм״̬ԣҲû취ֱľá
˴ֱʹɵĴؾԲ򵥾ˡ
ſһңֻһ֣磡
Ƿҵ´ҲǷҵĺĲλÿμԵĴǰĹ㳡С
ȥɣ
վһûʾƽȥ
֨£
ֵֻڴϣ΢΢þصĴűǻ򿪣˽ȥԶϡ
Ĵ֮ڣվһˣŷƣ˿ΰ˱ֱվһΡɽԶĵϡ
ĿϢƲɺëҲС

ӶģһɸΪѹͬ嫺֮һһĳŷӿ
ûԥһѪתѪ֮ڵӿǳ֮תɺ嫵ѹ
֪ǰߴ̽ԼǱ
ûгϣڵⲨѹ֮һΪѹϯƺҪһ㡣
ߣ
һս籡ͬһսһ㣬Ϣս죡
սʥںʹս̳սʥսԼᶨͬһǿս
ս籡糱ϫеһ⵶򣬹ϫնΧǧأʯ벽ƣ
ף
ƺǸо춯Ǹߴ׳ֻǣȴûתͷƬ̺һɺƥѹŷһۿɼϯ֮ϫŷѹȥ
ǣ
һתսһ˫͸սŨŨ˷һ̤ǰһ޾ѹͬɽΡȻҲδζ˿
⵱սĻˣ
ս⣬Ķ޾һ˵սжǿʵжǿ
ڲǳƿսһ۳ʵ壬˵ս֮Ŷû룡
Դƿսûʲôսԣսû
սõʽҪԼǿսӶڵս⡣
ȻҲ̫ܲ࣬ϵĲ಻̫࣬ȻսʥܴһδҲش
۳֣Ҳû취飬սһΪѾʥս֮¼ѾûмĶ֣ԣ޷սĥ
ΪѾҲʵĶˡ
ա
ǷƲͬ
ѣ¼ǿ˶ǣʺս
ǰһκܺõʱ
¡¡
쳹ϣӴڴ˳õվſڵľ¶Ĳ졣
Ʋ۷ѣõôļƣ
ʱ֮ڷӿһһѹͬХһ㳯ŷƾϯȥ
ʱѾֹͣѩתǳ֮ţͬʱҲûܾûа
еģֻ޾ս⣡
ɫ£սˣ˾һһ㣬â¶ںХĳϫ֮Уնֱǰս죡
Ƶı֣õĸߴӰ𺳲ѣѾһʥףΪλս⡣
Ȼ֪ǣð˿ʥܣƾܣǣȴѡѹ
ѹ˵ս⣬͸պǿֻҪƵսⲻͲᱻѹ壡
飡
ƻ籡ӿս⣬һһÿһأ´΢ΡȻǰѹԽͬʮɽѹ䣬һȻ־ᶨƣ޾սĶͬ޾УɱһУ


732 
¡¡
ХѹͬХһľϯ˷ܹѹһУǣѹĳϫ֮ڣȴһУ
ʱ޾ѹ֮ڣѾһ״̬ûֻһ
ս
ѹԽеսԽǿѹǿ
Ƭ̺󣬸ߴӰƺǲµ˷룬ļӴѹһһӿȥ
ƵƵսڽǿһսoһ㣬ֽ𣬺η壬ս죬һۿɼս⣬ŷɱǰһС
սĶ
ʱսƺѾΪ˱ܡ
ڣڷǵΰıӰֻʮҵʱ΢΢һһͬʵʵս⣬˫֮籡ͬһ㣬ۿɼ
ս
ƴһһֱ֣ӻ䣬һΡͬʵʰս⣬ֱնǵӰ

ս⻮ѹ̶ƿ֮УɱһУ
飡
ʱǵվӰڶˣ΢΢ָһһƿµǴָⵯ֮ϣֱ֮
ģΧѹһлָƽƣȻվɢƥս⣬ǣûѹ֮ڵսǻȥ
ɹˣ
ڵս⻻˾ϲ
ʱܹоսУļ䣬һţ
ս⣬ʵʰս֮
ɾǴѾ̤ս֮ţӴˣܹƿս֮ˣ
㷽ʹʲô
תһĨ֮ʵ
ϣԭֻҪǱΣǣȴǿʥ벻ף꾿ôģΪԼʥǰܹŷǰǿҵս⣿
ս⣡
еļƽ˵
ҲµǰӵݣܹϴԼˣҿǲడ
ս⣿
һ㶣һʱû׹
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ
꣡
һսתĨͬʵʰս˫籡ƥƣġ
⡭
ЩĿɿڴĻ˵âһѿ˵ѵսʥսһ
û
ֱӴ󷽵ĳˣѾ¶ս⣬ûҪˣԺ󲻺ýͣΡ
㾹ȻսʥУ
쾪¶ľǲ˼ɫ
սʥǻĹսһĴʥ½˲֪˲ҲǻĹλ׿˵ϣɵ֮ˣ
ĴУܹ֪أ
뵱꣬ԼȥսĹ顭
Ѿڹؿ֮ϣսʥϣ
ǾһնڻǼ£֮
ǴԺ֪սʥ⣡
սʥҪһʵǿ֮ˣһЩҪļһ
սһҪľ츳֮ˣ츳һ㣬ƾʲôеս⣿
ˣǴսһҲţ
ǣȴһĵ䣡
Žһ壬޾һУս
ԣǴ֮󣬱ûзӵȥսĹ
ȥˣ˷ʱѣ
ԼսĹȴõˣ
Ī
ǷǳһؿҪ۷նɱһͷ۷Ļ޲УǵӰŻ֡
ôҲ˵ʱԵսĹ֮ڣƾΪնɱһͷ۷ĻޣսʤǵӰ
ôܣ
оȻĪ˸
Ƿǳǰòż˵ģ
Ҫ֪۷壬նɱ۷Ļޣɲһܹģǵ츳ӵмҲǾһһƾʥŵնɱ
ôûм꣬ģ
пѣ޷ƽ
֮壬Ǳϵģµһʣϳʥ壬֮ϣƥ
ʣҲҪʥ
Ҳ˵ڵûм֮ǰӵ˼ʥʵ
Խ룬оԽ𶯡
ѵؼ仹ڵ֮ϵʲɣ
޷ţ
ǰ³ͬʵʵս⣬꣬õս촫УԼҲû£
㾿ôģ
ҲЩĿŷơ


733 
۱
΢˼һƱǲµҪʲôֱ˵
۱
ԣ΢΢һɻһǼٵʵ߱óҿ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷһֻһԪڵ߱񽣱Ǵϸ˳

߱񽣣µһɫĹΣĻζŷ֮ǡ
߱񽣣߱񽣣
ľֳ⡣
ʧȥ߱񽣵ķң緿壬ǿЩԪ֧š
ۣۣÿ춼Ҫ£˯ҲجΣ
߱񽣣֧֧˵ľУǾԲʧȥģ
˫֣һ˫֮϶һ㵭ǳ֮ץ򽣱֮ס
Ǻ
ڴĵϣ߱񽣶ʱһ貵Ĺâ̶ɱ֮Ҫشһ㡣
еĵ۱ݺᣬ档
ǧˣ˵˼ǧ꣬ܶǰܱ۾
̫ļˣ
ڣ۱ڻˣ
ĬĬĿһУû˵ʤ
ãǻָ˹

صĺ˿¼߱һݣµ˵߱񽣣ԽƹܣǣҪ֮ʱһҪ߱ڷңô壬ô
̫߱ٴʧˣò
ʵ
Ʋûȥ߱񽣣ǴЦ˵Ҿã߱񽣻ƹܰɣϾڵΪӲܡ
Ҳȷ
һ۷ƣ˵ͷҲֱӽ߱ڣʱʵʵİˡ
Ʋ𾳽磬Դ߷߱񽣵ĵţ˷㣬ûôñͨ鱦ʵڡ
ߣѾӵӡˣ߱ҲȻڲ׶ΣǣԷ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ˣȻ㲻ܻӷ۱ܣôնɱͷ޵ģ
ôһ˵֮ǰеɻˣٴʵ

ǹһĨصĻȣһʧԭأһ֮վԭأֱõķĿࡣ
ǡ
ſڣȴ˵
ΪȻܹĲղŷֱʧռˣ
̤飡
ɵĵһһĨ˼ɫ
̤У
Щʵ
š
ƴ΢Цĵ˵ͷ
ôܣ㲻ľѣ
ҡͷԸţǣٴʧԭصķƣİ
ⲻ֮ǵĵȷȷʧˣ
ʥܹ̤У˺ƿռ䣬ԲͬȻ
ռ츳
ʱ뵽
䣬ֻһܹ˵û
Ǿ
ӵпռ츳
ٴԭصķƣЩѵʵ
ǰɣֻǣֻ̤жѡ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵
ڼʶСռڵı֮󣬷Ʋ֪Լж

ЩÿŷƣһȻ
Ϲʱڴĵۼңż֮ϼ¼£ǣΨûдĸˣܹӵпռ츳ģ
ǰСӾʷһˣ
޷⣬ƾôӵеġ
ڣҲˣô쵽ˣͬʱ츳ǳ𾪡
ȥ֮⣬ȻӵսʥУռ츳
ֻ΢һ룬޷ƽϢе𶯡
С̫ˣ츳ҲĪ޷⣡
죬Ҳ峤
ƽϢе֮󣬴Ц˵
Сӷƣ峤
һݣ
ã
Ļϲá
ǰ꣬ûʲôģ츳ǷҵĸţԻΪװĴڣԽԼĴڣ
֨£
һӣűȻ򿪣ϴЦ˽̸֮Ҳʵİȵʱ䡣
ǵ۳ս֮ĵ£ڻʱ䣬ȷĺܣ
˾Բһ򵥵
һ˵ɫ
ֹǷң۳ǵңҲû̽鲻Դͷ֪ĵ̾ж
֪ǳֹ÷ҲҲܽǡ


734 Ҫʲô
һõ۳ǼҲ֪̽ϸɼжôĲˡ
Ҫ֪ļңԱ˴˶һ˽ģǣȴΨԹһ֪ԣǰȻҲԹ˶֣ǣȴΪԭ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ϻ򻹺ã׵˳⣬ϻ㽫ϻˣԼҲᱻϻҧѪ죡
ⲻҪģһУΪ
ķĽͣϵɫҲǳȥ
˴ûаյ飬õЩ
ڵ۱ع飬һȫõˣ
Ϊе۱ƴҲʧģûκκôң¶ʵ֮ҸевĻ϶ᱻɱ
ƣԺǺĵӣܹɳ̽磡
˵ţ췭óһö׸˷ơ
л峤
ϲ壬л
̽磬ڵ֮˵ĺôȡǳ֮
ַٵ÷޷һΣͻҲǲܣ
ƣźǰɣ
ɫȥЩεʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷվһƤ֮󣬲СĽź档
ݼ棡
ưݼ棡
죬ϣ˽ǳ߹Ǻȥߵ
źһҪᣡ
վ֮˵
һģ
˵ͷü΢΢˷һۣӵ˵ΪԪϲжʧ󣬵汳룬ͷڻܹս֮ɣ
Ҳã
ϵͷ
ȫƾ峤
мĵ
˵۱÷įȷǷĴȴܹȥƽЩ˵һ֮ˣһϸļˣ
飬ôƷӹȣ֮ڣһֱԺڣСΣСҲĺۡ
߶ζ϶塭
Ժ׷СˣСΣüͷ΢΢һСʵ
ͨϡģ׼ĲˣңҲһֱšֻǡ
üͷ壬ŷơ
ģͷѾˣ
ƳοһЦ
㡭Ľ˱أ
С΢΢ſɫ𶯡
ȻѵΪͷԼɳϲɣ
Щʵ˵ţ˳֣һǡ
ͬʱ뵽Ǹڶ֮ھԼӡ
ףǸӾʲôˣΪλֵôͻأ
ΪҪԼ⻹⣿
˵ţƽװбͷĺӽߡ
еĺӣЩ˵
ȻףһǣӽΪҲ̫˰ɣ
һػųҲͰˣǣڿôͣѵ˵
ʵ
ӵнصʵ
߷𶯣֮¶˼ɫ
˽֪أֻд۲ܽڣǻĹŴʥ֮Ҳֻ·һ
ڣȴӵ˴֮ܣ
һЩҩ֮ӦռĲˣȥ̽ʡ
ƵһЦ˵
ֻҪͷ룬ĸ⣡
š
΢΢е𾪣˵ͷװ
߶
Ƶȥ΢Ĳʵζܹ־綾֮ʹô
ҲΪǵĵطҲھεĵط
֮ʹ
һ㶣ҡҡͷ
ҪôܼʹأҪʲôھȥ׼
ҡͷЩҵ˵
á
ҡͷķ˽СΣкů͵ζÿ춼öҩʳԡ
ţ
һûзӦ۾Բʳԣ
ţǱȽϿʳѡ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ζ϶壬ԣԣʲô֮ʹΪƿ϶֮壡
⡭
ȻԼȫһ
ͬʱ͵һ
뵽СζڵǸСǸкΪƵУ
ԡ
ôԼ䣿
ֻҪںжҩζܹƿ϶ܣ
Щ˵
Ļȴõķһ
ƼԿ϶СԼӦþͬһʣǳƿءƣΪֹɲ֪βƿ䡣
ڣ仰ȴõࡣ
϶壬Ҫжҩںϡ
ôҪʲôأ


735 Ѵ
֮ȫǱжɱļΪңΪǲףôƿ䣬Щܾ֮ںİ쾧ǣȴɲƿ䡣
ôҪʲôأ
ƵĿܶСϡ
ţС֪ƿҪʲôԼ˻뾫ǣ츳׹꾫ǣͼǣ˿ռ츳츳ӦƿйǷȴף츳ƿʲôô
٣ھûо츳Ĺġ
ʱ˵ģС϶壬Ҫжҩںϣں֮Сξƿ϶壡
츳ȴȫߣⲻЩˡ
ѵ츳Ľ壿
Ȳ˵ˣɫӵǳ֮ΪλᱻأѵҲǵĽ壿
һõķƲЩͷۣΪΪֹǲ䣬Ҫʲô
ڣҲѾûлͷ·ˣǲ֪һôߣҲֻѡǰȻֻ·һ
㡭û°ɣ
ƾþòʵ
Ȼû£
ƷӦ˵ͷǹһĨЦ⡣
ȻûиҪʲôȴ֪СβһجһͯˣŵҲ
ͬʱҲڴƿ϶֮Сξжܣ
ҲԼ֮Ҳ޷ɣϾأǵ֮Ҳ߲ȥ

ЩڷҴӪ֮ڣǴӹȳһλ֮ˣһ꣬ϢԽԽ㣡
ʱȫ޲Ȼ
֮ˣԷ̫Ҫˣ
ԣ˺ܾᣬ֪ʲô̬ȥԴ֮ˡ
ǣԪϲ㾹Ȼû˳̬ⲻõеȴϢ˺Ϊ⡣
ѵԪϲ֮ˣ
ûԪϲ㾿ôģӹȵȴԽԽˣ⵹ӹȵӵ徻˲١
ৣ
ռһŤ˳

ͬǿհ񷣬ĺ˿һĨȡ
꣡
ͫ𣬷ƿʼѰ٣ʱǷ˷ڣͫŴ󲽣Ǹ˹ȥ
ߣˣǸ
û߼һŮǹ˫Ĵ߹ģӦԱ˲Ŷԡ
΢΢䣬ãŮԼӦļ˼
ϵס
ιվס
ͬɽˮ𣬷ͣ˽Ų
ң
ǰŮЩ̿ʵ
ϻѵﻹеڶô
֪ʣЩûķ˷ۣϵ㣬зǰɣ
û
Ƶ˵ͷЩ֪
ףľˡ
΢ɨǰ꣬ݲŷ֣ǰŶ̶̼ûȻʹһʱһĨâСҲ¶˳ǰŷƵֱۣһæ
ʲôæ
ֲõԤС
ȴӦ
С죬һˮƺǷƲӦͻһ㣬ǳ
⡭
ͷ۲ѣȴҲ޿κΣֻܵðɣҴӦˡ
ģ̫ˣ
ˮֱޣһĨıóѵЦ⣬ŷƱǳһԺȥ
Ժӣɫ㣬ƺѾõ£Ҳ̽ĽԺſڹ֣ã
ǣ٣
ƱĴ֮һЩߺ֮
ǡ
һ뵽ĳֿܣͷƤЩ顣
һӦǰԼѴˣ
˭
ǽţƱдۿǵĵ̧ͷһǿһݿ㣬µСվ̨֮ϣЩֺĽţڵɫǰ
ݣ
һۣ˽ŵķƣֱ̨˹ķƾȻŷݵ֮ԭȻɫǳ
˭
Щмŷʵ
ƣҴݺݵһ
ƻû˵ݱָԷ˵š
ȻǰСġ
Ȼ
пЦȻǱץѵĴˡ
ң
Ǹʱ类ȵβ͵һ㣬ɫµѵƾľļһ
٣ȴһ۾ͿƵķƵΪɼҲǼ֮


736 ƾ
Сһ£ʱǽȫĿ˹ǴﶼǴһĨ졣
Ϊ˵ܹСˣͬʵǲడ
ΪС꣬Ƿٵĵ֮壬
ԣʵǿģ˭ȥ۸֮ĳɳٶȣǿɶۿɼڷﲻʮѣһʵѾ۷壬Ҳһ֮ˣ
ľ㣬ԣ
ɨһƵΪ֮󣬴˶
ôһͨԵˣܴ֮ܵңȻھҲȷһ㣡
͸Ӳˣ
֮壬֮ͬڼ޵еĴڣ
ԣǿڳ˵Σ
ʵҲЩ̻̣Щүү̣һֱǽֹߣֱӳΪϣ
ϣʵӦòɣ
òһɣ
Ƴٳٲ˵ݺǺɵĵʵСԵĺܲÿ
ⲻǸǰƨļһﳤô
ԽоԽ߲Сȥһ˫ڷֳˮ⣬ǿ
⡭
ǳ˳飬ҲΪѣ֪ôشá
ݣҪȥҵĳֲһɣ
´ŷƣд΢ʵĿʵ
ղŷݸߣºݻ˵ģھ𣬷Сѿ˼֣

ģʱǴЦĽµνĳ֣һָֻͷܽŲţ
꣡
ΧȺҲϣֻõķ۾ˣҪŶӣȴһֻסתĿ΢Цķơ
Ǿ԰ɣ
ɫƽŵЦ˵ţֱӱõķЦȻֹϵҲȥһ˫˫ĿȫǴ㵵Ŀ
˵ʲô
ɫҲǳȥ˸âǲơ
Կ
ɫû˿ı䣬ɵ˵һĨϷʣ΢΢һ䣬ѵ㲻ң
Ҳң
ʱһɫǵͨ죬µһҪÿ
˵գֱԾ̨֮ϡ
㣡
С΢΢ſЩǵĿŷơ
ģһָͷ϶ҡ
Ƴ΢΢һЦ˵ѾӦ飬ôܲأ
ৣ
΢΢һǳ̨֮ϣվڷ档
꣡
̨ߵһ߼Ļ˫һӣһ㵭ϱǽ̨ڡ
̨ɺɫĲϹɣǳļӲб䣬վ̨ϵʱ򣬱Ƿ˽µ쳣
΢΢̤̤ʱϱһĨݡ
ȻãԼȫһҲ޷̨飡
Ȼ
ǷҺӵܵ䳡̨ӲһҪ޸ٰʮأ
ৣ
ɫϽ˸׻âȭͷֱӱǳŷ˹
ԣõķưԵͷ
һѪתڵǳ֮ʱӿ˳ԥ΢΢룬ͬһ˳ȥȭͷЯŷֱ֮ӭȥ
飡
ȭͷĿ֮ҵĺһ𣬶ʱǱŷͬըװХϯܡ
ŵŵţ
Ȼ˸ͣ
ôܣ
ȫһƬ㵣ܶӶɳˣ޷ǰʵ
ǰԵӣȻ͵֮ķƾУ
ȫž
ÿһ˴ʱ˵̨ߵǸҲǲĿŷƣԶ˫Сٿķݣʱ˫ҲǴ֮ھһƬ˼ɫ
ȻĿסˣ
ǳ֮ܣվÿһ˶ǷǳܹģѾӵгƷ쾧ˣҲԶƥУ
ǣǵǰǳ֮ȻԵ
ԼȭͷҲ𾪵˵
ܹоӷƵȭͷϣȻԼȵģ
ǵ֮壿
ѿʳʱţ˶ȻĿΪô˵
ǰɣ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷҲֱӳˡ
ʲôطý鷳ĿݷʱҲԣԼжߡ
ǰΪҵӵǳ֮ľ绹Լ֮ϣ
Ķ֣Ҫģ
˻
ֱӳϣʱϱǴһдȻȫ𺳵Ŀ
ԵˣȻҲǵ֮壿


737 
ԵʣΪλɵ֮أ
ǲףٴɨǵӰȴǷ֣Եʡ
ǲţǣƾԵԪǾû취ǳ֮ģΨһֿܣӵϵ
ǾԵģ
ݿɰſС죬ΪԼүүôǰˡ
һﾹȻǵ
㣬һб˽͡
֮ˣȷǼϣʥ壬Ҳ޷⣡
٣ȣһҲûӮ
ӿŨŨ˷ܣֱµƣģݺݵ
˺õȫǲ˳顣
С治ܴյһ飬һͿ˭Ҳ˭һǵ֮壬һʥ壬˵츳ϲ㣬СС;Ѿ۷壬ǾԻΪԪϵĴڣ
ÿ棬ݶ΢·硭
ʥܣǻѷǳ֮
ڲһˣݿ⡭
ͻĵ֮壬õΪ֮ȻİǴðġ
һ뵽ɷݴģ΢΢Ȼ
ҲǼزĵɣ
ϾݵүүǼϣôһ룬ҲǺпܵģ
ң
ǳ˳飬ɫģһ˫͸ͬһĻһ㣬Զ䣬ޱ޼ʡ

ͬˮһɫǳ֮ͬˮһ㣬ڱŷһۿɼϻصȫġ

ɱˣھϱȷƸһײ㣡
ӮңŶûУ
һǳս񣬻ǡ
ǵ֮壬Ǹ߰ģ
Ǻǣô
ƵɫҲһ˫Ҳıֻͨǣȴһֻɫһֻȴ˫ɫͫǹ졣
Լߣ似ҲԼõĶ֣ҲҵģսŨŨͬ⵶ϫ֮ڣ˿Ʋ
ȭ
ɫһ䣬ȣȭͷһͬһХţŷ˹ȥ
ۣ
һƵұ۱˺ƣƬƬ裬ļ⣬ѿǣȴûѪ˾㵵Ŀ£һѿļ⣬ȻһƬƬƬ
¡¡
ⶶͬһ쳹Ϣƣֱֻ۾һͷϹ޸һ㣬ǡ
ʱ̨ߵǸҲ޷ˣ֮ھ벻š
ȫ󲿷ֵķӦһþ޷
һֻܷܷ֣ſɰС죬۾ԲȻҲ˴ˡ
ȭ
Ҳԥһһӿװӿȭ⣬ֱȥ
¡
һһСȭͷҵײһ𣬾޴쳹ƺҲŲ貶ĿĹâȭͷ֮ŷõ˲ò۾
ХþòϢ̨ܵһɲĺۼƺʱܻһ㣬õĿ̫ˣȫ˼
̨ϵÿһӵܣ϶ǹ亹۾Բſһһϣþ˵
˰˴󲽣
ǣİӣȴֻ˺󲽣
˻
˲ɵĵһ
Ƿһײľ磬Ȼˣ
ģ
ݱǷӦ˹ʱŸߺСɿɰ֮ϣ˷ܵɫݺݵһҪݺݵᣡ
ڿǿɶļһԱˣ
̨ϵķʱһɫЩ죬ŭǣȫ߶ڵǳһϫӿ졣
ҾͲˣ
ݽҧ첽ȭͷͬһתŷһ̶۵Ŀ졣
ֺϷܱ켶似ݾ֮³Կ
ٺ٣
΢΢ڣһװװؾ۶ɣ۸ΪͣƺҲЩܲסһ㣬ʱܻ顣

΢΢룬ͬһͷǱޣͻأģıͬɽƱڣͬͬһϹһ㣬ű˶ɵĿϢ޾սӿٴӭȥ
¡
ȭͷٴײһ̨֮һƬ͸ӰŽ΢ĴأͷȻ
ŵŵţ
ʮ󲽣һֱƵ̨Եͣƣ󲽶ѣʤٷ֣


738 ս֮
ôܣ
Ļ˸Լ۾ڳĴ쳹̨ߵǸҲһƬ𺳡
˵һΣǷû׼ã⣬ôأ
ͬͬıģȻǷߵˣ
⾿ô£
û⣬ҲƣãӷȭͷӿĲֹǳ֮һֲǳ֮ڡ
һڿּܴ֮ô
δţһ㣬û˿ӵԣ֮Ҳһǻụų⣬ܻںϣҪںֲͬԣôֻһ֡

ԣܲףǵڶʲôǼ֮ôܻܱܵأ
ð
Ҳ嵽̨ߣϲɫŽкãһг˸ľ˷ܵĹâ
ƺǺԿ
ҾͲˣ
ŭһƵǳ֮ͬɽһ籡̨ˣ̨ԵҲǱһŤͬǳһ㣬ƺǿ¡
꣡
һֻƣɫЩģΧǳ֮ȫ۵ֻ֮ϣ׹̨Ŷš
ʱվ̨ԵɫҲٴһߣ̨ԵϱǷֳ貵ĹԣֱӾȹûһ˿Ķ
ΪʵĿ£
ҲҵµƻǣһɸӿֲϢȴ֮
վ˾һ۱ƺ嫣ͬһѪս
꣡
űϢ΢΢̶
ս
ŭһһ˫֮սڣһ䣬ƸΪˣһһ㣡
ն
һһ壬ͬڵһ㼱һֻɫƣֱӳŷն˹
ն
Ҳûԥֻһ绮һɭĻߣžƣֱն˹ȥ

۾һɣһֱӭȥͬһ񽣣նһС
¡
µһһ貶ĿĹâǱ˳ֻ۾һǰããһƬϡܹһĢƴ̨ǿµϫƺܹһ㣬Ű
飡
飡
죬Ӱص̨ϣɫɵһĨ԰ףڶһƬ𺳡
ȻƾУ
ϸ˵ƻҪռϷ磡
ΪľҪȷһײ㣬ȴƾУͬΪȻģ
ⲻܵģ
ԸţԼȻһԼ͵Ķϡ
ս֮
ŭһʱһһףӨ˸˸ҫۣһսһ㣬ļײ㣬һֲɴݻٵӾ
ôܣ
һսһķ֮һĨ𺳡
ѾԲֹǵؼ似ˣ
ؼ켶似
Ƽܹ϶ǸղŷʹսһǻնӦܹӲ
ţȻƵķʹս֮
˾͸¶ŨŨ𺳡
ϴηԿһʥʹս֮ɣ
ȿ£˵ϴǸʥʹȫҲûף׷̨ܡ
ӣӮˣս֮ûơ
̨µȴ˿һĨɡ
ȷѵ仹ʲôܱȵĹô
Ȼͼûдﵽľ磬ǣôҲʲôս֮ɣҪ֪֮ʱܵҵĹˣѾ۷壬ʹóͼԿֲ˼£
Ƥôʹڹǣ
̨ߵķĪĽµǲ
Ƿķؼϰãûмܹ˵޵ģɣ֮һңս֮ʹߵȶģԽǾԽߣǵ֮ʼܱ켶߽似
ôͲԣ
һۣŶŷ˵ҪԼȥҪҸȥ
Ŷ
üͷһЩϷʵĵʵһȥ
ˣ
˵䣬һͼؿڱŷ˳·ܲȫϵ̣ȻֻǱһ㣬ȴǸһʯļ̸Уƺڷս֮


739 ͽץ
ߣ֪ν
һڷϵͼصĺһдŨŨĲм
ȻԼս֮ĸߵ˼㣬ţߵķ֮ؼ˿ƣܻᱻһԼ͵Ƶ
ƣɣǼһˣƤˣ
ҲЩţ̨߶ԷȰο
ֻҪƲһķǾֻܱǿɾܴˣĺѿ
Ǻǣû£˵ˣһָͷκβҵġ
ƵһЦ
˵ս֮켶߽似ôͼӦҲ˿£ܹ֮Ϊʥ
ȻδǣҲ켶似ܹģ
⻰һȫ˶Ǵ㵵Ŀ
ʲô˼ѵ˵ܹƿս֮
ԲܣҪ֪ǰһλʥ˾ѾԹˣȻ۷壬ƿս֮⻹пܵģ
ʱϵͼֱӱ˺ˡ
ֻһˣվ̨߲ԶάϵǸߣĿһֱŷϵµͼ
ܹĵͼĲΪʵ̫Ҳ壬ͼʲôá
Ȼ㲻ȥҾͺȥ
âǳ֮ӿͬǺ嫺ƺܹһ顣
ȭ
Χǳ֮ͬһתԽתԽ죬ŷ̶ʮֵĿɲ
飡
һŶڵ棬ΰȭͷֱӳŷ˹ȥ
һĻȴǳǰ
ƺɵһ㣬֪ܣվһĨЦжķûκεķ
㿪
̨ķݼĴУھż
һԵǸҲǽĿŷϵͼֱðǿŲʩȡ
ȥɣ
Ʋ㿪Ҳ΢΢һ㶣ȴѾһʰֱӱ˳ȥֱؿڡ

Хͬһ㣬ŷ̶ƿƺܹɱһС
ʱ򣬷ƺŷӦһ㣬ۣôֿȭֱӳץ˹ȥ
һ̣ܶ˵඼©һģƫͷȥƺ̿Ѫȵĳһ㡣
ݵͫ죬Ứ˫С죬ھھΡ
Լ棬Ͳ˰ɣ
飡
۶׹Ϲһ㣬һƬ壬Ѫ˿ԣƺһЯ֮һѾץļ֮ϡ
̣
һץ֮⵽ֱӾͱץ飬ȻըͬХһķϯһ㵵ķֱӱƷ˳ȥԶ󲽲ͣСս֮壬һ㹻Ǳˡ
ŵŵţ
ߴڱĵķƣȴ̩ɽÿһͬɽһ㣬ĲסΣ
ȫž
ڱը󣬳ֱӾͰֻ̨ǻδ޵ľԶꡯ֮
Ļˣ鼸һĿ࣬˵𺳵ױȣһֱȫʯûκεķӦ
һЩƫͷȥˣܵΧһҲתͷ˿ķƣ㵵ķֺԼΪûпղĻһЩ˱Աߵ˴
ͽץȭôܣ
˾ԭеİʱϱһƬ֮֮þòϢ
˵ȷϣٴγĬ
ҪĬѾ޷еˣ
һ˫˫֮ڣŨŨĲ˼飬Ǽû˸ţʵģЩˣҲԸԼǿˣ
ͽץ۷֮ȫһ
Ƿ۷壬û˻ʲô쳣ǣȷﻹҪһײ㾳磡
⣬ܹô
ңƵķǷƵûа˵ģǸ˵
һͷﰡͷβĹ
̨ԱߵǸҲĿɿڴһһϣ˵ҲòȥڵھỨͲټˣ˾ɵһ㣬վͬһɰʯ
һĻѾǵĳܷΧ֮ڣǴ޷һֻһֱۣһ꣡
¡¡
նȭͷ쳹оϲ
Ǵǳ֮ϴӣʵõ˴󻡶ȵ츳Ƿ츳߿ռ츳ǵõ˴󻡶ȵ
ʱƸǸоһȭȥֻһСɽҲ飡
ƺѾֹ𾳽ˡ


740 ȫʯ
ⲻܵģ
ãǷӦ˹ҡԴЩҡ
Ĵ̫ˣ
ȻԼˣͽ˵һõһֱϵ޷ȥһУ޷Լʧܣ
ǵ֮ˣ޵У
ӵܣÿһٶǺʥ崫Уʥ壬Ҳǲ٣վ۷ģǵ֮壡
ԣһ·ǬûܹʲôΪûܿǳ֮
ڣһʧܣǲҰܣ
һǻþ
ţеĻ̻̺ܿƽ֮һƬĮûĲ
̣
ǳ֮ӿ̨һƬĻǳ֮ǫ֮̈̄ھһƬĺǳ֮ڵĳˮһš

ɱһϵĳϫһһĳŷӿȴͬһʯһ㴣Ǽ룬ҡϵͼתһ·Щӿϫ룬Ƶ壬һָͷľ룬ʼղܿ
ȻӲЩӵܵĿʱһ
ڣףΪηƸղŴȴûܴԵˣ
Ǿʲôѵ󼼣
˽ԾͼȻǳ֮ɣǲ˵ͼܹ
ȻҲ˲롮ս֮󼼣
˲ɵĵһ
İ꾿˭ѵǼ尵ĵƣĻԼȺӵҲ޷֪ܣ
ǲ
֮壬ʱ䣬дţӹȳһ֮ˡ
һ̽ĺӵüͷ૵˵
ţ
ʱΧһЩȫЩ㵵Ŀ
ȻҴӪڣССķ֧ǣֻҪǷ֮ˣ;Ի֪ӹȵĴڣ
Ƿҵˣ
ֻ˵Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Ϊûһ̫ϳϳ̬¡
ЩɻĿ⣬ӵܱæ͵
ǳȥһ죬ϢҲżȻҲȷû֤ʵԣҲ޷϶
ֻǣһ˵ӹȣЩӵǵɫЩĮ
ǲӹȵˣ
ǴŴ΢Ц꣬Щ˵ɫЩ
Ҫ֪ƴʱֳ츳ǱȷﻹҪ࣬ˣԺҪΪĴڣ壬ҲҪ֧ţ
Ƿ֧֧ˣǶܹȻܣǣӹȵˡ
ȷһѵѡӦþԪϲΪλûб̬ԭɣ
ơ
̨һԵȴڷеõ˷Ƶ֣Ȼֺİǣȴεļȵºȥ̫ϳǣţ˿֪ܲǣЩ̫ϳϾԻ֪Ĵڣ
ҲܺˣҼ֪ĵϸ
Ȼôǿ
ԼҲ޷ǰһУҲ״μչ¶ʵ
ֱʱĴ󳹴ˡ
ΪηҲǵ֮壬үүȴҲûôڿ죬ңδ˵Ƿϣ
ȻЩԶǲǺףǣΪλ˴ʱֻзˣ
ΪһһͷͷβĹ
ǿĲ˼鰡
ʱ̨ϷҲǷˣ

һ貵ף͸˫һĹ켣Ị̄Χǳƺȫһ㣬ָ⾹ȻһɺƥƣӣƺͽҪо︴һ㣡
ǵ֮壬зߵĵؼƿصĿɲ
ѹˣɫҲǳҲҵģ΢˼۾һ
ӡ
˫ֲϵĻһɬĴ˳ʱǱŷױȵһסơɫԪȫǣ˹𽥵γһ޴ơ
¡¡
ֻ΢΢ĻζΧĿռǱŷһװ죬ƺƴġ
꣡
ٴεһָһͼ֣
ǰ
ʱؼԪʮٶȾۼ˹γһۿɼĲʴֱӾɵۣ
ǵĸ֪ΧڣֲͬԵԪڰͬԵԪôںһأ
ǣǰֻдϵڸˣֲͬԵԪܹںһ
ʱһεʯЩھƵǲӹȵӵܣҲһĿɵۣͲ˼һ㣡
ǣɲ״Ϊʱ⣬ӡԱȲʩչǿؼԣһͷ
ǳ֮Ī뵽ڣ


741 ĳ
һͷ
ȴҲǷܹΪʤΨһ취ˣ
Ϊյĸ߼似ʵ̫ˣܹõĳֵģֻⷭӡ
ǣӡȴһ㣬Ҫʱ䣡
ʱ޷ȥԣֻðһˣ
ɹʤʧ䣡
˼䣬Ƶһ˫ǷԳɫȣƺܹأ

ݺݵĺ˿ƽһиļһƬȻ
꣡
ָһһɫǳ֮Ǳɫġӡ֮ڣֱû˽ȥ
ʱƱЩţĿһֱǳ֮
ɹˣ
󣬷ڱӿһĨϲ
ǳ֮˷ӡ֮ڣңûκεĸӰ졣
ô
Ʋһ⿴ͨ󼼣ôܹںǳ֮أ
ûôʱȥ˼Щͷˣ
꣡
ָǳֱָ֮ŷֱû˷ӡ֮ڡ
ˣ
ʱ޴Ʊǳ˷ܼһ㣬һµƣΧǳֱӵųһƬԼĿռϣ£һֱϹoһ㣬΢΢һͿɷأ
⾿ʲôؼ
Ӷɳˣľһεı𺳵ˣһļҪǻˡ
Ȼǳ֮ҲںϵԪУֱٰ֮
Ǿʲô
˽Ŀǵɫ֮ϣ΢ĸһ֮бٴһ
һֲʥܵ
ܹĸоĵ
ѵ˵ǰֹ꣬ǵ֮壬ʥ岻ɣ
ôܣ
˶ԸţּʾԲܳһϣǳ֣Ψбһ;
ֲͬ϶໥ų⣬ǳʶ
ǣʱʶȴǱٴδˣ
Ϊۿ֮ͬһ˵ϱŷ
Ȼӵּ֮ûб
Ļ̨ߵǸҲվסˣԵĸļдŲּ£ּ֮
ĸӦԲ
Ҳ˵ǸΪл׶ļһ׸Ƶ֮ڣӵеȻҲһּ֮
û֪ǵƾԲ׵ĵõ
˷ĶҲΪ֮Ķ
ֻǣʱڳˣȴûʶ֪ԻҪͷ­ҲҪ
̫ǿˡ
ݿɰſ˷۵С죬һһϣסĺ֮һƬ𺳡
ʶǺ׵ģ
һѵǹ
Сֹš
һ㣬˶ϰͬһȥݣǾǹ
ڹͺܹ㷺԰һУ
Ȼǵڶּ֮
ȻҲˣʱҲһ
֮ǰ͸Ӧֻǣȴ޷ţǱʶĽ֮ˣڣȴõ޷ȥˡ
ҾͲŴӮһ͵ˣ
зݣ˫ֻΪӰΧǳ֮ҲǼٵһͷưޣĳͣϢʮֵĿ£ģҲΪ֮
𣡡
Ӵľޣͬһͷ޻һ㣬֫ߴʮ׸ߣÿһֻţһһ㣬һأ޴ͷ­쳤Ϣϯܣ̨һЩ΢ӵǣȻǺȻŵ˼
ǷɱﵣХŭ
˾΢ЯŲԵƽͷ޳˿־塣
൱켶н׵ؼ
Χ˶ǲɵĵһһʱڣͷ޵γɹȫ˵Ŀ⡣

ֻ޵Хſ޼ʵĴڣͬ뾨ʳһɾ޴ŷ˳̨ӿǳ֮ȫͬˮһĹ˽ȥʱͷ޵Ϣ͸Ϊˣ
ˣ
Ҳȫŷǳ֮ʱӡɫȻЩ䰵ŵĻɫֲܲϵĻζϣһֲϢϯܣϣȻҲ۳ͷޣ
ѵȻҲ൱켶似ؼ
ϵɻʵԭֻз֪ⷭӡͨƿأֻ൱ؼ似ѣǣںϵԽܾ࣬ͻԽʱֻںֲͬԪļ֮ǿô
ϣ
˫ֲϵһɬӡʱޱͬһ㣬һ˫ֱͨ۾˷ơ


742 ֮
𣡡
޺죬ŭһϹ޸ѹˣư磬ÿһ£ضһҵĲ̨ʹʱҲһ΢Сѷ֣ɼһ֮жôǿᣡ

ɫз˫һӡ֮ǰĴֱֹͣȡԪ۳͡
ˣ
ִʱֻҰ֮ɫûʲô貵ҫâ෴ɫԵļΪأɵһƬĪϢէһûʲôϸһͻ֣ᷢƬɫ֮ڣһɻصǣ
¡¡
ֻ΢΢һΧĿռһŤһۿɼµĲƣһͻëȻһ
ӡ
侲˫ٴνһӡ֮ʱľ޴Ʊǳűܶľѹ˹ȥһ·׾ռŤһֻoֻѹһ㣬Ƭظܲס
𣡡
ƺҲܵвĿ⣬ֻѹƣһϣ˫һţ޴߸Ծһ˫׳ǰ㣬ֱӳŻɫľӭȥ
ʱȫĿȫǼ֮ϣһηĿ⼴ײľ޺ʹ֡
¡¡
꣡
̣
ֺݺݵ䣬ܹص߸һ㣬ǽӴ޵һ˫ǰֱӱ飬Ȼصͷ޵ͷ­֮ϣʱһҫ۵Ĺâڱŷ̨ǼӲѰȫҲ޷ºۼڵذ壬ֱӾѿһɲѷ죬̨
˻
ȫһƬž˲ɵĵһþòеĿⶼǽǱĴһ˫˫ڣǲ˼ɫ
켶似ؼǳ֮۶ɵġХŭֻ޴İ֮£Ȼֱˣûжķ֮Ѿ飡
ҳɢȥ̨ϵһҲǰ
̨м䣬һ޴ӡڲףһ֩ѷ첼̨
ˣ
ɫҰ׵֮ӣ𺳲ѡ
֮ķڸ涼ǰ꣡
ûǸ棬Ƿǹܣ
˭
˴ʱǶԷƲǿҵĺģǼ֪ǣʱȴûΪǽ
ܹȷǣˣΪǿߣ
ĵһĻǫ̃ķݣҲźкã·۵СϹŵľǲ˼ɫ
Ǻǣ
԰״ķЦһһͼɵ˵Ѿ֤ˣһָͷκβҵġ
˵գ΢΢һЦǳŷȥֱԾ̨ŻһŮ첽ĳȥһ·ϣӵǶɵĸÿһ·
һӮģ
̨ϣ˻÷ͣ˽Ųת
ҵ㳬Խң
ϹŴݣЦ⣬ƽ˵ţûϷģʱǫ̃ϵķΪ֮һ
ԭΪԼ˻ᱻݺݵĳЦһǣİûô
ϾҿȳŶ
˵꣬Ʊŷ߳˾ãʧ˵֮ڡ
ơ
̨ߵ΢΢۾һ̨ϵɫЩŵķѺ۵̨ǳ˳飬ȴǿƲסеĺģһ֮ǴҴҵ˳ȥ
ʱڳϵĺӵܣȫ֪ȥˡ

˾òԶƱɿ˷ݵС֡
˰ɣ
ûĵһۡ
СȻԼѴˣ
⣡
ݷӦ˹˵ϹЦݣ۾Ц˵ͷֵ벻ôǼһﶼĶ֪֡Ǽһͻ۸ңǣִ򲻹ˣڸҳˡߺߣҿǼһﻹǰܣ
ǵ⣬ƺܷһ㡣
УղǴǸһˣھȥ
˵գٴγžȥ
Ǻǡ
εҡҡͷǳŷڵСԺȥ
һ·ϣֿʼ˼ӡ
ף⾿ʲôȽ׵󼼣
Ϊ̺󷨵Ƚ̫͵ĻǸͳܲ˼֮ǳǿ󷨾ͻֱӱ
ӡĴȴǼΪأֲܹͬļ֮ںϵһ
ֱǿ󵽹ĵز
㣬ƺܾͺΪơ
뷨ʱõķһͣ˽Ų


743 
ں䲻ͬԵûκ˾߱似ؼ󼼣δţο֮ܽҲںϳһ壬̫죬˵ӡֻǵؼؼôҲ˵ȥˡ
ܾͻƣڣֶ˷ӡ
ͬ÷ƻ֮Ƿʲôˡ
˰
֪У˷ԺԣǴԺ˳ֺǺǵĽе
ڣ
ƻعĽе
Ǻǣߣȥ˵
߽˺ǼªСڡ
СһţһŰӣһðڰϣ磬š
ϴε˰ɣ
֮󣬷ᵹ裬ֺǺǵʵ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷϵĲ豭΢΢ţһºڳ㣬ſڽеò裡
ȻǣڲȴǺȵ泩ƺ˵õһһ㣬ƮƮɡ
ȻǺò衣
Ƽھͽһ꣬۵ǳ˳飬һۣ֪ʲô裿
ʲô裿
һ㶣ҡҡͷ֪
ɲ裬Ϊµһ裬ͨɲ裬ÿһҶֵǧ侧
Щҧгݵ˵š
ǧ侧һͨģ
۾Բ
ǲ˵һټֵʮ侧
⼸ȥͼʮ侧ûˡ
ɲҲΪ裬ҪϸϸƷζʥţ˷ѣ
Щ۵Ľ͵
⻹ϸģҲǼѣΪճʥ
衭
Ѿ׵Ĳ豭Щѵ촽ЩȵĿðĲ
һûˣڸҲ˷ѣ
ٴθһֱӽָڡ
ٺ٣
ƺٺһЦǿʼƷ裬ϸϸĸϣ֪Ǿ̫ͻʲôԭ򣬳̹ûĸоûĶߡ
Ϊ˺Ȳ裿
ƳԼĲ豭ʹһ꣬ûʵ
ǡ
⣬Ʊʵڣϴ¶һĶҩ֮ռôˣ
ҩ֮
һ㲻˵һˣ£Ұ׼ˣƹǷУԵܹ㣬ӦռĲˣôܼã
ܲףΪηƵŮҪ˾ȫĶҩ֮أǶʦҲûһҪô඾ҩ֮ɣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷվڣȥϡ
к֮ǳȥ
Сεһûнһ첻ģ¿ϲãͬʱҲڴҪ϶Ρ

ৣ
һӰһéС֮ǰͣ
Ԫϣ
ھ̨άϵ߿иߺ
ǷԪɡ
éСڴϵԪûԥֱ˽ȥ
ѵǾóʲô£
ϴһԵĲ෿˳ʾ£΢΢üͷʵ
ԪǺӵܱȶʱİȫÿֻзµʱ򣬲Żᡣ
ϣﱻ˻ˣ
ԪŸӵ˵
ˣ
һ㶣ӿֲ죬ѿ˵ôܣĿǰʵͬУûܹ
̫࣬ʵ⣬Ԫ϶ֹ
֮壬Ǻģаˣǳ⣬ǿʧ
ϣ֪зˣ
ԪһĨ𺳣ѹеļ΢΢Щʵ
ƣ
һΪϤ֣΢΢һ㶣ʵ֪ôˣѵ˵Ƿƻ˷ôܣƵŸոռӦòңôǷĶ֣
ֲûֻΪأŲΪ֪ĵƣԣר׼˾Ӣӵȥֻ̽ǣһֱûʱûжѡ
ղţǷƣھ̨ϻ˷
ԪЩѵ˵š
ͬʱҲΪɻľô
⡭
ĿɿڴЩ˵ţ뵽˷пӵеصƣЩٵʵٽͷβ˵һ飬λܷģ
ǣ
ԪӦһǽղŵ龭һһʮ˵˳û˿ıҲû˿Ŀ
ϾʵϿ֪ģȭս֮Хŭ϶֪ΣǣЩֺüɱﵣǸ꣬һһ£ңռϷ磡


744 ؼ
ּ֮ںԵ󼼣ߣǹһֱķͼÿһĴͷЩ£ÿἰһʧ̬һΣķԪ˵꣬ϻѾ𺳵ľˣһֱ͸¶ŨŨĲ˼ɫþδܳ
ȷģ
ϻǴһɻ̬һ䡣
ⳬ޷ܡ
ʱڳʮӵαȶңƣϵŮġ
Ԫĵ˵š
ġ
ϳĬȥ૵Ӧûˣϼһ֪ƵĵϸȻᾭἰƣҷͷҲǲܡ
С棬Ԫ϶֪飬ԴˣǱһЦѣңɳ෴ԪǻᳫҲǹ˵˵ģ
ûûж
ּ֮Ȼ֮ˣ
һĨ⣬ôܳܵأңܾںδ
֮ǰϸ̽ƵУȷԪɣôͻȻ䣬Ԫͱһɫأ
УֱֻۣϺǲ⣬ֱ۵ĴȻܹȭ
ľĵô
˳ѹе֮󣬴ϵ۾
һ˲ֱӾͽԼĵ¶ƷƵĽЩֶԳ˵ЩؼӦʹõĲŶԡ
ʣ˭Ը˶Լ֪֪ף
ԣصĻɣǸص꣬ϻиصĵƣ
ֻôһ룬ԼͲɵĵһ
ľٶǵƣôĵƸǻжôĿ£
쳣ľٶԪҲɻѡ
ʱϵı֣ԣҲһ֪
Ȼ̫ϴҲ֪ĵϸ
ϣƣʲôˣ֧ģ
ʮֵĺ棬ʳ
ʲôˡ
ϹſЦӿֳھΣص˵ӹȷ֧ˣ
ӹȷ֧⡭
Ԫ۾ھŨŨĴ㵡
һѡѡ⣬÷һȥѵС
Ƶ츳ۿɼպ󣬾ԻΪվڴ½۷Ĵڣ
ˣѵҲҪųô
Ԫ
Ȼ֪˼ʲôӹȣҲҷ֮ˣԺ󲻵ôҡ۱Ѿعˣ
ʲô۱Ѿعˣ
ԣԪʱվое
š
һۣصĵ˵ͷ
Ȼӹ˷ңǣȴԲӹȡ
ʮ˵Ĵ֧ڣһ٣һ뵽㣬оͺǳʹ
ǷƴģǷµĺᣬ˵һСڡ
̾һ˵
ڷƵĳɳҲֻݣ漣
ǰƶĻ£ڵѾ˼ĵ֮壡
ⲻ漣ʲô
Ƿƴġ
ԪȥһĨӡ
Ǽ߻ܣʱй¶ȥΪҪһδϴף
˵䣬һĨɭâ
ˣ
Ԫصĵ˵ͷ
ǼԪϣľǱӻӵܵİΣ
Ҫȥ峤㱨ˣ
סվߵſڣͣصĽԪڿʼƣǼؼ㰲˰бȫҲҪƽ
ǣ
ԪӦһǳԶȥϣǴҴҵĳŵ۳Ǹȥ

˰
ںӱߵϣķվЦĴк
ϡ
ƹĽе
£
ǴҴҸϱʵ
ϣģ˵ռһЩҩ֪֮ռôˣ
ֱӱ˵⣬ڴĿ
ҩ
һ㶣üͷռռһЩǣȴûȫռˣҪЩҩ֮𣿡
ҪСҪ
ƽ͵ͬʱüҲǽһ֡
ŶŮ
ϵ˵ͷϾСοܹΪӰħʥŮˣв켶䣬Ҳûʲôģּƽüͷʵôܼã
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲܲףƾҵĺռһЩҩ֮ӦòʲôⰡһʱˣûռȫЩ̫ˡ
Ϊڼ崦ڵڣҲûʲô챦ռЩˡ
üͷ͵


745 ûõʥ
û챦
⻰Ʊһ㶣ǸʮƬҶİջ˭ܿܣϴаУֱӾռ˴붾ҩ֮
ȿȣ
ϸɿ˼Ȼ֪ʲôЩεĽ͵ҶʥȻ

һ㶣óһôЩҶæռҩ֮ɡ
˵ţǽװʮƬҶеݵС
֣ϴУӨӨ˸˸ҶɫЩˡ
һҪЩ޼۵ʥȥЩûõĶô
кǾᣬҴʱҲòʲôܾĶȥˣԣռٶȣȻ
Ŷ⻹һЩûõĶȥ
һ⻰һ֣óһװ߲Уٴεݸϡ
ûõĶ
һϲɫĽװʮƬҶսָŽӹ˷ƵУΪ˵ûõĶԣҲ㣬ֱӾôƿ˺иǣʱ۾ǵԲˡ
ڷƿûõĶȫ½ǿ߶Ҫӵе߲
ͬ˸ɫԵĹʵ˵
߲ûõĶ仹õĶô
ϵȷеǳһ뵽һλҶҲû£ЩȻˡ
ļƽλļֵ߲֮ϣ
ȥ˱أ
һ뵽߲ĳӿһĨȻѿʵ
Ϊˣԣû˵
ţժȡͷ
ƺǵȻĵ˵ͷֱӱǳ
ȻҲûͣѵ˵߲Լ߳ģ
㣡
кݺݵĳ鴤ţ˵
ǿǱذ޾϶ܣʥҲ׵ĶɱСӵȥһһ˼򵥣
һ뵽һΪֲضȥбٴȻˡ

ϳĺ˿ĿǷڵ߲棬ʱǵ۾Щҧгݵʵⶫûô
ˣһλҶ֮ʱǾһֱڸ̾ļҵİܼô
˭֪ܼӾȻǳԼ壡
ˣʱܼһñˣʥﵱСˣǸǳõϰߣĵ
ô˵ĶҲӦТԼЩڼɣ
һﵽãͷβûóһëТԼ
һ̫ɶˣ
ȴǣղʮƬҶ

΢΢һ飬˵
Ҳף߲ļֵǣӵũҩ˵߲ȷû˿õĶ
̵ܵĶѵô
ЩɸֵѵźܺۼĽӸպãһ̯㻹ж٣ȫó
һﵱûõĶָҲһԣǽԼܱȽϱա
ϸԼҵɣ

ͷһö߲ó͵ȥأΪժȡͷֻժö˷һöֻöˡ
ժö
ٴκݺݵĳ鴤ţڷѪ˿΢΢Щ
Ǳİ뽫һ˿Ӻݺݵĳһƨɣ
½ϣбܼܰҵô
ֻһң
һҲ̫ʥﵱ˰ɣĵûõĶ
ѵǲ֪߲ãϾһǴСطġ
֪߲ΪܳΪʥô
е˹ϲʵ
Ҫһ֪ʲôڣ
֪
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ܹΰٲ򶾡
ȥ֮ʱһ·˽ĺˣȻҲժȡöˡ
ⶫũҩĳΪκ˵Ǳ֮ر֮
֪ã˵ûã
һ㶣ѵ
Ȼǵ͵İܼӰܼеĳܼӣλһ㣬Ҳ֮ҲûõĶˣԲˡ

üͷ΢΢
ϵյĵơ
Ϊһҩʦ
ĺ˿Ʊ̹Ȼ˵
ϾԺ󻹵ôʥҽʥأ֪Ҳǳ¡
Ŷҩʦ
ҲΪ⣬պãʵʲô𣿡
켶ס
ʵĻش
ʲô켶ҩʦ
ϾеǴ㵵Ŀ
켶ҩʦ½ǼΪϡеģǷңҲȼλѣңȫǹϼġ


746 ֮
꣡
Ϊ˼ӴŵȣһֻڣũҩһҳҳͬҺҩƶָš
ֻ켶ҩԣܹҺ״
켶ҩʦ
ǳʶȻ᲻֪ૣѾ֪ȥԼ𺳵ˡ
ǰ꣬Լܶܶˣǣÿÿϻǲסĸпÿ֪һ̲ס
켶ҩʦǴ½κҲ޷ӵĴڣͬû켶ҩʦעΪ
Ϊ켶ҩʦǶԺĳԱһȫϣ
켶ҩʦ߲Ҳûðɣ
лЩɻ󣬱ǿʵ
켶ҩʦҲܵģһЩ֢֮һЩ涾Ҳе޿κΣǣ߲ȴǿΰٲ򶾣
ֻڻ켶ҩʦ
ƴŵЦ͵
֪켶ҩʦ
˵⻰ϲһһѿʵȵȣʲô˼ǡ
ϣ˵ũҩô
ûлش𣬷ʵ
    ũҩ䣿һҩ䣬ҲΨһһʥҩ䣬Ϊ֮죡
˼˵ũҩͻأģټķϵĵЦ͵һ𣬡òᡭ
ʱڱӿһĺȻ𾪣һģҲǻ֮ڱ˳
Ǻǣڵҩ䣬ũҩ䡣
΢΢һЦ𾪵Ŀ£ͷ
⡭
϶ʱǵһ֮ڳ𺳻𺳣ôҲ˵
ʱ׷Ϊ˵߲ûõʥˡ
Ϊũҩˣ
Ψһһʥҩ䣬Ч߲֮
ͬʱҲ뵽һΪֲĴڡ
˵Уֻ֮ƿũҩ䣡
ʱϵӱ͵һޱȺȻĿŷơ
˵ƿصũҩ䣬ǲǵ˵֮ô
ǡ֮
ϴЩʵڶ⣬еȫǱ¶˳
֮ڵ֮֮ϵĴڣ
˵֮壬Ѿ伫ˣǣһʣȴڵ֮֮ϣ
ǾеһЩ壡
ÿһ壬ľһλϹo
o
o翣ûoΪoΪۣҲ޷ֱ۾ǲǾo
ǣڵۼҵ˵ȴԼҴµּǡ
˵ۣļ£ɳԽĴڣôoľǡ
ľһʲôľ磬ȴҲҴۣڡĸģ
ҲҲֻǸε˲֮
֮¼ȴǺͽֲ۱
Ѿ˵һˣ
û֪֮ΪôǿΪʹõԪ
Ӧǰɡ
ƿЦŵ˵ͷ
֮ÿһ˶һԻ͵ǣȴһĽ֣ԼƿĻҲòȥ
ϣڷƳֱ֮Ӿ𾪵˵΢΢źϣ֪αеС
ףǰΪôˣ
֮Ĵڣ
ͬʱмĪ֮ȻԼҵӵܣ

˿ڿЦЦǧĿ⡣
һЦţڷֳỨ
ǼỨ
ʱ˿̣һε뵽ǸʦԤԣ
ȷӹȷ֧ˣһǰδйĸ߶ȣ
ԭ򣬾ͳǰϣ
Ϊ֮Ĵߣ
Ц˺ܾãһֱվһԣûȥ
ƣ飬ûи߱ˣ
ϳ¼֮󣬱µʵ
ûС
ҡҡͷ
ȷûи߹κһˣʦѩ࣬ƺȴǴӡϿʲô
ͺã
˿֣óװ߲˵û⣬ȷûʲôá
˵䣬ǳ鴤һοͷݳһѡ
İɣЩҩ֮һ̵ʱڸȫռ͹ȥġ
ű֤
߲ˣ˵һױȵջûܹܵסƺѾ۳Ϊö߲ͷѪĳˡ
һöˣҩܹ֮ռģǣ߲ȴֻд۲ժȡĵģô򵥣
ˣǾ鷳ˡ
һϲȻл
ǳλˣ
ţȥ۳ǷϢżķнĻһΣ
ҲЩͲסˣƴ˸к֮󣬱ת۾ûټ


747 Ԥ
۳ǣ֮ڡ
ϼҴҵľܽ˷鷿֮ڣҲûãֱӾײŽȥ
ʲôô
еľᣬվʾ˵
۱ع飬󶨣ûʲôºõǵˣֻҪˡ
峤֪ƣ
Щ٣ɫΪЩǺ졣
ƣôˣ
һ㶣ϵЦҲЩء
Ǹ꣬ȻԼɵѹһԼ֣޷Ǻͺˡ
˷
ƽϢһеļ֮󣬲˵ꡣ
ܷ
΢΢һһ뵽ǼһսʥĴжܹõܷƺҲȻȻˡ
΢΢һЦǵȻһԵϡ
峤ǻ˷ﰡ
ûа⣬ϵ۾ѵ
֪˰ղ˵ˡ
΢Цŵ˵ͷûжݡ
⡭
һɫԵЩͣ峤Ʋľ㣬ǻ۷ķﰡ
Ŷ
еһĨâ˵˵ôܷġ
ûмʹսĹڵعؿõķػ˸Ϊµĵơ
ܹܷ͸֤ʵ㣬ҲЩ棬Ʊ¶ĵʲôˡ
ͽ˷ȭ
Ŀ⣬˵
ʲô
ͫ͵һѿʵ˵ͽ֣
׼ȷ˵Ǵ
ƺ𾪣˵Ҳˡ
ܹﵽ磿ôܣ½ӵ츳һ£
৵һ¾վھǴ㵣ǲԸʵ
ӵе֮壬֤壬ôӵһ츳أ
츳һ˵Ĵܹﵽĵز
ʹһؼֱܹ޻һЩơ
Ž͵
ֱ޻
ھɻؼǵһ˵ƾؼʵؼ仹Ǵڵġ
ԭؼ
˼ĵ˵ͷĿٴοϣʾ˵ȥ
ʹһͼڷս֮
ʹһ󼼣ںֲͬļֲ֮ͬԪ˷ġХŭ
˵֮󣬷ʯ״̬źϼ䣬˵
ʱѾﲻеˡ
ˣǸСǳһСΪӵеؼȵۼһҪֲôõЩؼģ
ϴʱ˵峤ģδ˵
һǼ죡
ͬʱ뵽Сӻӵпռ츳
ʱǺݺݵĳ˳顣
仹бСӸô
ƿּ֮ӵпռ츳ǿ츳ķͼսʥĴС
ʦµǸԤô
찲ȥƽĶŴʵ
ӹȷ֧ˣһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ϵĿļԶӷƴŵ۱֮ԺھһֱڻԤԣǰţˡ
ɫЩͬʱҲЩΡ
Ҽ֮Ҳˣ
п˵š
֮壬ܹȶҵĵλѣҪһڵ죡
ԣǳԽ֮ˣ£
¶츳ɾѾԽ˵֮壡
峤ãĵô
΢΢ԥһĿʵ
˼ǡ
΢΢âӶ
û˻Ը⽫Լ׵¶ڱ˵ǰ
ϸп˵
Ҳԡ
˵ͷͬ
һ뵽ڱ¶һУȻǸĵƣоһĪ𶯡
ҾãӦ֪һЩǼһȴ˵
һת̾˿˵
Ŷ֪ô
룬۾һ
Ͼֻӹȵߵˡ
峤ѾԸԪؼˣбˡ
ģаЦɫһ䣬ٴ˵
ţټһˣһ÷Ƴ⣬ô
˵ͷصĽ
ʱǽƿǷϣˣǰ˷ӣаˣǷƳ⡭
У㻹ǰŷԪԱ
ţ컹Щģٴ˵
⡭õģȻҾͻȥţ
΢΢һ㶣ҲǴӦ
ףҲڰ
ʱϴֱ˽Ĵϣ΢Щ졣


748 ѹ֮
߽۾һ
Ļɰ

۾վԵϣõЩĪ
һʲôʱԼô
ϱЩɵ˴һۣʱǷЩŹ֡
ȿȣ
ɿ˼ʵϣô
š
ϵ˵ͷ˵Ҫռ㶫Ҵʱһδ͵ᣡ
᣿
һ㶣üͷϣû챦ҿǾٰһС͵İɡ
ٰᣬɣҪһĶν͵ᣬҪܹ۳Ǽ챦
ⶼǵ̰䱦޼֮Ϊ߼۳Ĵÿ궼óһ䱦
ڵķңѾмʮûоٰ͵ˡ
С͵û취ռҪĶ
ҡҡͷ֮ǰѾٰļΣҲռ˼궾ҩ֮ѣûг챦˴

üͷЩΪˡ
ٰ͵ᣬɾڸⰡ
ѹ֮Ѿˣ峤Ϣѡ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôֱ˵
Ŷ
۾һȤʵʲôȻѹ֮
ƳһСܹóõ۳ĴĶ챦
Ҳûʲôرģһ˵ûõĶԲóˣ룬ѹ֮Ǵ´ˡ
Ϻǲε˵ţ֣װ߲˳ֵݸһԵķ졣
ûõĶ
ôһ˵ҲЩΪˣĽ˹˵ϣѹ֮ɲһĶ桭
Ļڴ˺и֮󣬱Ȼֹһ˫ĵԲͫ׼ٵչҲ˿
߲
һԵĴϾе۾Բɣھǲ˼ɫ
ⱻûõĶȻ伫Ʒʥ߲
ôҲû뵽ġ
ɨ䣬ǽǷֶԷڵ𺳡
ٺ٣
˳ԾɫϵĺЦܵ۾
йе𺳵˷ֵ
ϣ߲Ǵģ
ðŻعһҲĵ⣬Ϊٵ׷ʵ
߲ǳԱأǳ
˵˰ǷƸġ
Ϻ˵ϵҪ಻ж಻⣬ƺ⼫Ʒʥһ㡣
ȷⶫڷ˵һͨ챦
Ƹģ
˽һ㶣ϵȻɫǺɣǲ֪ϼһ﾿ڸʲô
ϣ㲻ö߲Ϊѹ֮ɣ
üͷ壬ѹе𾪣ʵ
ⶫܹΪѩصģûУ޼۵Բ
Ϊ峤ΣҲְֹܼΪķ
û
ĵ˵ͷֱӳ
˰ɣ߲ôóȥأ
һԵĴϲˣ۾ڴĺǳ
ɣϼһǲϺͿˣ
֪
ǹ޵Цݣڵ˵ǷƵĶ˵ûʲôãԾĶˡ
ûã
нǳ鴤š
˭˵߲ûã
Ҫʲô
Ŭѹе𶯣ʵ
ǣó߲ҪĶӦҲһİɣĻһˣȴܸ
ţӦû
һЩҩ֮
˵䣬óһֽݸ˷졣
㲻˵߲ЩûõĶɣ
ɨһһĶҩ֮ƣЩѵʵ
ҩֻ֮Ҫʱ䣬ռȫ⣬ǣ߲ȴǲɵõļƷʥ߲̫󣬸û취Ტۣ
ǳİܼо
ǣ
ҡҡͷ˿֮ǻ˵Ƶ˼ǣûõĶЩõĶ
ʱʯ״̬
⵽ûõģ
㵱ʱûֹ
Բ۾Щҧгݵ˵
һԵĴҲ࣬ҪȥҧϼһＸڡ
ֹ˰
Դǵ˵
ȷֹˣǱ˵˶ѣ
ּ߲ƷʥôֻЩûõĶأ٣ҲҪЩΪ׼۽
Ҫһʱּһ䡣


749 ʧ
˻һϱٴʯ״̬˵ƶǶӳ鴤ƺǿʲôƵġ
ҿϺͿİɣ߲ȼƷʥôûأ
ǿһһĳ嶯һһٵ˵ţһ˫۾Ϳˡ
Ϊһǰƿڴˡ
Ƿ˵ûá
϶˷ۣƺ
㣡
ϱĺһһģɫ죬˵
һԵķȴе֮⣬ʱһĨâʵϣȷϹˣ
ţΪԪϣ߲ļֵ;ֺͿ
߲ûõĻصĶͲһˡ
ûȷϣֻ֮жѡ
ҡͷϵ
ʱҲ˹˽ǱԺɵĿ⣬һۣǷ˶Է𺳡
֮Ŀľֻ峤Ϣѣ߲׼۾Щҩ֮
ϼƲҴҵĽһ䣬ǳſڴȥ
ٺ٣
ͷῪˣһǰ˵ȱ߰峤Ļûأ
Ǻǣϣ˵
ҲǲɫվͬһϣЩɫĶ˵ţǿģϻЩڡ
ûʲô˵˰
ϰգһ۾޹ȴԷ࣬װͷˡ
㻹û˵߲ʵôأ
һѪʵ
ԣ߲ûûǼٵûãⶼҪҪǣⶫôӱڷɳģ
Ҳ֪
ϻشķǳɴ࣬»صλϣ۾һգŲʡ
һ֪
϶һۣǵ˵ͷ
֪˷
˹ȥԱ£˸˵
Ŷô
ƺȤ۾Ҳû
Ƶĵϸ֪٣رǽ죬֪ƾһ֮֮󣬻ܷҲûʲô˵ģȻ
Ȼ
Ȼ
һ֪ƵһЩܣԲŻ˵ν
Ҫ֪֮壬伫µʣƾȻܹԽʤ˵ӵгԽ֮ĵ̣
Ԫ˵ͽ˷ġȭһˡХŭ
ϴЩԹԵ˵ţĿȴǲʱϵĶ̬۾аЦȴɸп˵ţڣҺ峤ܺ棬Ϊ֮壬ڷ֮ϣȴȻûз֮Υ˳
ҲĿ࣬һʱҲӦ
ͽܹȭ
ţǲ˳顣
Ȼ֮磬̫ˣ
֪ô顮Хŭô
ǲźۼһʵ
ôģ
ǷԵģϱѿʳھǺ档
Ȼ֪ƵһЩϸȴûмʶ¶ʵ棬Ȼġ
ٺ٣
¶ıóѵЦ⣬Һ峤Ͷ֪߲ôġ
ϻȻժģѵԼɳİ
ϲͷķ˷ۣųڣһ㶣ɫֱѿ۾Ҳ˵ˡ
ժģ
нһһĨȻ֮⡣
߲ڱ֮ڣôȥժǰĽأǣȥҲֻ·һ
ô𾳽꣬ժȡģ
ڣ֪һΪβ߲ˣ
Ϊؾĺ԰ȥժģ
˻
ֻ룬Ͳĵһ
̫ˣ
ͬʱҲ֤ʵǵĲ룬Ǹ꣬ûжԼĵƣ
һװϣҲ֪Բʳʲôˡ

ϳĺ˿ѹе𶯣˵ʹһ󼼣ںֲͬԵԪӣּ֮
⻰۾µϣ΢΢һǣҲܲԾĳ˳顣
֪Ƕˣһˡ
˵꣬ϱվȥϵӰɪ
Ҳˣ
ϴҴҵվҲûкǳ˳ȥ·һվڷڡ
ңڿʼҪˣ
еУâ˸˸
գӷҴһĵϢ
׼ٰ֮һᣬѹ֮һö߲
Ϣһ˽ǾȻ˵۳ңһƬڣ˶ȷϢ٣
峤ӷҴ߳Ϣǳ׵ı֤ʵˣ


750 ط籩
һΪݻĹÿһذ嶼ɰ񳹳ɣҫ£һҫ۵ĹâһƬԶԶȥһһ㣬ǹ
ǹܲ

һɫӰЩҵĴһľԺڣԶԶľʹĺš
ʲôôţ
һϵӣĴһԵķ˳ɫºͣ٣һɵľͻ
ʣǹâ˵

ڼ֮ϵĻҲ𽥵תͬº͵Ц⣬Ľе
š
ĵ˵ͷƽ˵ʲô£˵Ҫż
ǡ
ٴιľϹ֮󣬲˵Ҵٰһ͵ᡣ
ŶҪ㷭ô
һǱһ޵Ļȣһ߳Ŵ򻺻ߣһ˵ţûǴĻѾʮûп˰ɣǿѾƶ񤵽ֵزҵȷǲˣҲ˳̨ˡ
˵˵Ǿ׼˼ʮĶʲô챦أ
ζʵ
ڵķҾòʲôƷ챦ſЦ
ǵѹ֮߲
߲ǵ˵ҲһĨȣ߲Ҳ
ţ
ԣɫһͣ˽Ų͵ЦҲһĨȻٴʵ˵Ǳ֮ڵ߲
û
ߵ˵ͷ͵۳ңѾǰ֤ʵˣ߲ɣ
⡭
ӻЩܲˣ˸૵ѵҺЩ˴˹ϵⲻܰѾ֪ǵ٣ԹַԿǣҲ԰ȻҪ֣Ǹ𲻷ңʤ㻹ҪЩ
صһЩأֻ߲бز޴ۣûܹȥ֮ժȡԣֻһֿܡ
Ҵôö߲
˼ãûʲôͷٴʵ
ԼʮֲͬĶҩ֮Ϊ׼ġ
˵䣬ߵݸһֽ¼һҩ֮ơ
Ȼ
һ٣âһû֮ǰľ󣬷Ϊһɱ
ΪۼңԲжʦڣôó߲ȼƷʥȡҩ֮ѵûèô
Ҫҩ֮ģ֪棬ֻһˣ
ߣ
Ӻܲ޵ĺһһɫǵǺܻѡѡһͷûݵϻΣѪ޻أ
ɭȻ̹ǣͬ϶ղˣõһԵİҲǻһˮջ䣬Ҳȥ
ȥ׼ɣȥУ
ӱǻָһºͣ͵ĶһЩ̻̲İ˵

߹Ӧһ첽ԺȥһҲͣ
ҡ
۾΢΢ڣâ˸ܳΣǷ㣬Ҳؿɣ
ƺʮ㣡

ֹǹ˵ˣǣʱҲΪϢ׵ķˣдСԾȻ
߲˲֪˲
ܹΰٲ򶾣ΪļƷʥ޼۵ʥڷҾȻܹóⲻһЩ˼
ö߲εõģ
ûܹ²ĵҲţҵܹȥժȡ
ΨһĿԣǵҵǳ˵ģ
ڷҿĵ׼ۣܶȴǲ⡭
ʥﻻȡҩ֮
û֪ҵôģҲ²ⲻϢǴӷ峤дģ;Բм٣ԣһʱڱռҩ֮ķ糱
ʱ䣬ֻ죬ܹռʮֶҩ֮డ
ֻУ۳Һ͹ˣŹķеĸģĿ۵ĽйЩҩ֮
Ҳ˵ǽǡ
ԣѡóѾõ챦ǰȥУҪ߲ķͷ챦߼ȥ
ϾֻҪͷϣ۸϶ᷭϼǿ϶ģ
ʱãͷϣһͨ챦Ҳܹ
ֵλˣҪģӣ
ʵģԭįķңһεĻص˵֮ڡ
˵ĻǷˣ


751 
ʱ䣬ڣǼɹһâɽӳ絽һֱûͣЪֱ졭
ϹǾͰˣ˳ӿȫǳͬһȥǷУ
꣡
һӹڣֱһСԺӵ⡣
үү
ԺСֵСΣ˱ıĵӭȥЦݣõϲһѱڻС
ѽ첻ǵСֳ˺ܶˡ
ϱһ·ţ߽Ժӡ
ϣ
΢Щ糺ߴӷ˳ЩЦݣ˴к
Ŷư
һ˵߲ӣʣҪҪȥ֣Σҵ峤ɶŶٺ١
ǵʷҲû߲ȼʥڣһЩ㵵飬е֡
ֻһźţҼҪźţ
Ŷ
۾һ
ҪȥҪȥҪȥ֣
û˵ϻеСαǽţһ˵ֿĴ۾ڱ㶼˷ܵɫ
Ǿȥɡ
˽С֣΢΢һЦӦ
ϾôˣɻûгȥңҲҪʶʶЩķɣ
磬߰ɣãǿԹǣ
˵գϱǱС𣬷糾к֮󣬴С߸ȥ

ǣΪ½һųǣԭΪ۳ǵĴڣ
۳ǣ½۷ı־ĿڷܶţܹŵǴ½
ˣ
ӴϱǶԵķ˵
ǰľõķƼ棬رǿ۳֮󣬶ɵ˿
ĵ۳ǣɹ󣬹߸ߵ䣬һڣɳǡ
Ĵ䣬Ǹúĵӵ壬˵Ƿƣͻ˴ˡ
֮ϽСη𣬳зȥ
ǷеܣкܶҪȴǰæгʱȥƹɼԷƵӳ̶ȡ
Աߵ̣ӦоУ̣̣ķȵȣһĿţ˿۾
һ·ϣСαСǰţһ΢ЦЩ߻̵߸ĿĵйţΪߵĴڣǼ˵ĻͷʼҲﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮһ·ԽԽע⡣
һǳɫĽȹеͬɽʵˣϸԲβһһ˿覴ã΢΢߶䣬˿ʳȹڶճһ׿ԽߣǼǧġַһһҲƲ۾
ģ֬һ˫ˮںӷ·һ˿Ц⣬ž¶˵ϣ͸¶˿˿ģ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬ĻɣƤףɽظֱһ۶ȥ
˾УƵϵ˿糺뱻ǣŵ֣ԿƵĿⶼǳ˵뼵ʡ
СӺεºܣȻܹӵŮ
㣬ûаϢΪǼ򵥣Ե۷ѣͨһԣ˶ǸĿŵ¶Լ޵ֻǣǣԲû˸ǰȥơ
ǣɲһܹǷĵط
ЩʼɵĿ⣬ֱӺˣһߣȵ§ϸСʱʱ۶˵С͵͵һڣõΧӵ۾ĸһһǿ׶İ٣һġ
֣
ߺС䵭Ƿȴ§ĸѲˣ䣬ĳ׬˱ˡ
𶯣
ŤĽĴУõķҲͷȣڣвһ䣬һ
ԭҪȴǷĳڵĨ죬ʱ㰲ȥߺСͷ§š
ٺ٣
Ƶˣʱģͬһûʲôʱ˸ӵĿ⡣
ηҪˡ
һ˷ƶڣɫ΢΢
ǰҶλʯ̩ΣҶķ͵Ѫɣ
˵ǴҪڷҶķ׬߲ķá
˭˵أ
ӱ߱˵õķͣ˽Ų˹ȥ


752 
һ꣬һĵŮ⼸ҲһĨȣܿˡ
ϾܹǴŮֵˣݶǲ򵥣٣Ҳܹǵġ
˵ķҶʯǱߣ
ϵɫЩĮûʲô飬ӹüкȻ
Ȼͨˣ
ҲԹ˷ƣʯ̩ڷҶʯ£ͲãڵɫȻͲˡ
ʯ̩һʯ˵ѣ
Ǹ򣡡
һָ˷Ҷʯķ򣬷Ƶĵ˵ͷߣСο첽˹ȥ

ţֿһ龧ʯѾǵʮһˣ
ߵſڣƱĺжʱ΢΢һᡣ
ãӦǲŸոտʼʮһ龧ǧ侧֮ڣ⻹㲻ôʧ
ң
һĨâ
ûǣϴǸҴԼ飬ȴаҲˣ²ŷ
ڵ۳ǣڷ֮ϣԣŸҷųҪڷҶʯӮȡ߲ʽ
ң۸ңΪѾɥʧʸ
ûе۱ûߵıϣ
ԣŸڷҵĵ̺У
СһǹԳһĨĻȣСΣ߳ŲԶȺ˹ȥ
Ⱥ֮ڣҶʯĹ£վʯ̩ԣɫһƬȴҲ޿κΣԭΪǸʯ̩ˣ
һԼʮӣʶĿâ貣ƣͬһo˲оͻĤݵ
Ϊˣҵĺӵܣ壬һʵǲŶʮ꣬ʱѾľ۷壬ʱп磬ңǣ۳ĴһУʵܹŽǰʮ
ûõ
һʯֻ̩һֵʮ侧ļƷëϣдµǱһ㡣
Ŷô
һĮиƵȺ⴫˽õǸʯ̩ɫһ䡣
˭˵
ɫĺȵ
ҵĹϣƽʱǸ߸ϣҲ֪ʱӵ棬ȻƣȻˬ
Ⱥÿһһ꣬һװСŮһǧĵ˻˽
ʱõĿһҲЩֵͣͣĳ棬
ˣ۳ҲҲ֮ģңÿݸ߹ֻ¡
һ˫۾ֱֱķϣɫЩͣþûز
һεˣ߸ӸĹһ˵ǰɬĮڸɱɳ춯˵ľ˸ܲ־欵ջ
ƣദѾã֮ʱ޷԰Σÿζȥ͸ӲҪ˵ˡ
ǣˣ
ΧĿ⣬õķƵɫ˼֣â˸ɨܣõǵͷȥ
ΪƵΪ֮ϣǣ룬ܹӵˣݶ᲻ηģҲǷƱݡ
£ǣһȴǲ¡
һʯ̩»عĿǿƣʱ΢΢
̫İˣΪҺĶӵܣҺĶӵܶйһ֮Եǣǰ꣬ȴǵһμ
ôֻһֿܡ
ķһͨԪ֮ǱǸ߸ߵȥ֮ʱһƬȡ
λСֵܿȥЩ
ǹһĨ޵Цݣŷƴк
Ƶһۣâֻֽ¥ֱǰʯָ̩ǿëȥ
˲ӵʱõϵЦݽһĨâ
עҪΪ̫ϼϵڣ۳Ҽ壬ӣϾպźദǰİȴãֱӾͺ
һֱ׷ܹܵӵ裿
ļһ
ȭͷգ˳õΧֵ񷢽ȫɢ˲١
˵鼫ƷëǷʯ
ϸĴһ鼫Ʒë֮󣬸ӦС춯ƲվֱˣͷһԵʯ̩ʵ
ʲô˼
꾹ȻԼʯ̩ɫʱͱˣɫ


753 һ龧
Ҷʯ֮ڣ֮ǰȣʱЩŵĿ£˵Ŀ⼸Ǽһ
ʱҶʯλ£ҲЩš
ϾҲûƣҲҵģæġ
Ҿã۾Ϲˣ
һζĻȣƵ
˵ʲô
Ǹʯ̩ʱŭ죬һ˫۾ԲɣҪˡ
ˣһ١
üһһҶĵӣңʯ̩Ҳδ̫һ㡣
ѵǷԮ
ҶʯǸµɫҲ̫ԮӦǰк˲Ŷԡ
ҵǾãë̲˲۵챦ڡ
ûΧ˵ɫ΢΢ţ˵ţ۾ʱϹˣΪοأ
ҿ۾Ϲˣ
ӿâʯ̩Ⱥǰһ֮󣬶һۣ˵ͷȻǰʯ̩ǳ
һʯѣͽΣڵ챦ͻⲻǷʯʲô
һʯ̩Ҳǿڰĵ
ʯһַʯĽзڱӦ챦ǣȴΪ磬ڵ챦ϳ࣬Ա㱻Ϊʯ
˽켶нʯʦƾͫȻܹëϵ쳣
ԭǿʯ
վĻһЩ϶Ĺһô˵׷׶ˣһЩڼҪëϵˣɵĸеһҡ
Ŷô
ǲźۼ䣬һĨıóѵĹâƵ˵ôҪһѣ
СѣټͫһУ
ģ
ʯ̩ɨŷƣûз֮ΪڣԣҲûеģǽĿһԵϡ
ϾҶʯ£ģ
µ۳Һĵӣˣ
˻â֣Զƺ嫣˫ʮ㣬ͼѹƣңҲѷƣԼݲܹǵģͬʱҲҪ߶Լע⡣
һ֮ƣǼƼգһҲûЧ
ʲô͸Ҷйô
ƺܲͷֱһۣһˡ
ǴͷҲĿģ
㣡
ٴӣʱõŭ죬һ˫âǺˣҧгݵ˵ãҸģ
鼫Ʒëϼ۸챦ӮǾСһ㣬һ龧Σ
΢΢һЦĻȴõȫ˵һ
⻹Ĳݰ
һ龧ÿʮ侧㣬ҲǸߴǧ侧ľ޶ˣ
ң龧ļ۸ֻ߲ͣһٿ龧ȡǧ侧Ҳûʲô⣡
Ƿ˲ɣ
˽Ǵ㵵Ŀŷơ
֪ǿʯȴҪ˾޿ǰװ׵Ľ龧ô
˴ֱʣȴõ˲С
Ȼһ򵥵˰һھһ龧
û⣡
һھʹӦ
ΪҶĺӵܣһٿ龧˵ʲô
˿ӣһУ
ңǰⳡ֪˭˭Ӯء
ƵǣߴʱעȫǷǰǸװСŮϣҲһۣɣԼݣѵܱͨԵ겻ɣ
ʱǽע˷ϡ
ֻҪԼŰ϶ǵĴע⡭
Ӧˬ죬Ʋڡ
ˣ
Ǿô˵ˣλһ֤ͬע֣ʱòһ龧óǧ侧ֵ챦棡
˵󣬷ֻǿëϣԪһ£ϵǡৡ䣬ëڼٵˮ
Ҳ˻ˣΪӣ˵һ龧һǧ龧Ҳ취Ū
ϣʱǳİֻʯ֮ڴš
˭
һվŵķҹиɻˣѵǡúг𣿡
㣬ֲô񣬱Ͼƺʶ
ʱȴΪתˡ
ҪζƯʯͷô
ƿʯһԵС˸˷ܣӽָͳϴö龧ϰţⲻõкݺݵĳ鴤һ
ֵʮ龧Ȼ͵ƯʯͷСˣ
̫ݳˣ
ǺǣοܲŶ
΢΢һЦȻкܶƯʯͷˣ
Үζ֪ˣ
Сƣл
Ůôˡ
ڳаš
һҪǴİ˾ͱ̣ˣ


754 ʥ
ৣ
һͬѩһ£һأټķҶʯڣȻֻһĴڡ
˶뿴ⱻʯ̩жΪʯķʯܲܿ
ˣǱſϷ̬˺ĵĳ棬Ҳȷ࣡У󲿷ԣϣƳܣľ֣
ҵλ£ЩţΪԾΪ½Χġ
Ͼǿʯûлܹʮ侧챦ʯ̩ôȷϹԣ鼫Ʒëϲֻʮ侧ȻԲֹλ
ⲻ˵ƻһ龧ô
ߣûаš
ڷƣ̫˽ˣһԲһԿˣ㣬ϴаʯϾѾ֤ʵˡ
ߣ
˲޵ĺںĲһ龧ߡ
ףΪĹ欵Ůӣῴôһͨļһأ
һҪ
ž޾ھǻȣڡ
ţǰһҵˣֻҪǺӵܣû˻Ϊͷ
Ҳǰ
Ѿڼƻжˣ
ʯ̩Ц
ǿӵ켶н׵ͫ㣬ԲܳģԣǿԼӮˣ
һʱ䣬ϣ̬
ৣ
һ߶СΣҲûͣ£һСëϣҲֻʣ°ƴСˣëϵʯʣҲ˸ı䣬ԭɫʣȻ˰ɫһú̿һ㣬Ҳû֮ǰƣһŹʱµ̿һ㣬صǣЩ̿ȴͨ̿ңһſţӨͬǺڱʯһ㣬Ө˸ϲˡ
ڿôһĻ֮󣬷Ʊͣ
ΣֱС£ԭΪһ龧ģȴһδĶ
ǡ
һĶͽ۾ɵԲеĻ˵һҲȻֹһһϣ˵
ھʯȻǺھʯңȻôࣿ
һԵķҹ¾гЩ̿ƣ۾ҲǵԲھǲ˼ɫ
ʲôȻǺھʯʥʥھʯ
һͽߺɫҲһ㣬ľ㵡
ʥĲϣ
˽ǵһ
ȻǲǺھʯʲôǣʥĲϣܼôңȻô࣡
ŷлвһƴСѾ͸źɫëϣ𾪵˵
ʯ̩ˣڿھʯ֮ϵֱӾ˴״̬
ЩͽǲǣΪ۳Ǽǻܲô
˵龧ͨ鱦ıرϣôھʯʥıرϣΪһԣܹʥںһԣʥ֮ʱ׼ĺھʯԽ࣬ɹʾԽûкھʯǾԲܳɹġ
Ҳǲ֪ھʯĴںĴʽΪһ£ھʯԡһ֣ϸĵĻܹĳġ
ϾھʯԾûκεһƵë֮ڣôһ˿طڿ϶ôҪôҪôǺھʯ
ǣҲ벻һƴСھʯͬʱ֣õֱӽ޼챦ĳëϣǷϿʯˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ͬʱҲѪôھʯѾǼ۸ܹݵˣ
ôھʯһʥ㹻ˣңɹʻߴٷ֮ʮң
ʥ
۳ÿһ壬ʥָ
һ˵ھʯռãоһЩʥĲϣֶǲɶõģ޼ۣУѵ˭ʥô
˵ڵ½ܹʥģֻһˣ
ʥ죡
ٹ죬һΪɲ⣬û֪ഫ˵Ѿ˺ɽ磬꣬Ѿû½¶ˡ
ԣʥǧѣкܶʥˣھʯɹʸ󻡶ȵӡ
ƾĺھʯڳ˵һμһڳŻȣΪǣΪǷҶʯǼҪǿˣ
һۺǾ迴Լķҹ£ŭȴҲûа취
츳ߣʵߣ⶯֣Ƿҵ˽ɱҲûеطȥԩ
һԵҲǴˣþ˵
һ﾿ʵѵѾӵ˳Խʯ̩ʵô
˵ʲôҲţϾͫŶð


755 ôô
Ҷʯ֮ڣĴ쳹ϣ˵֮ڶһƬ˼ɫ
ܹ漣
ԭΪϵĿʯȴһ޼۵ʥ߸˳ʶǰδеļ¼
ţڳĶͽû˻ܹǰһĻ
ͬʱܶ˳Ӷˣаҵʯ̩
˵û۾ϹˣϹĲᣬǳԼϹ۾ܹЩʥһϵģ
һʱ䣬Ʊһת
ۣƯСʯͷζϲ
ЩҫҫĺھʯС˫ðǣ˷ܵĽе
Ŷζϲô
һ㶣ǶȥЦĶСŮʵ
ţ
Сκĵ˵ͷ۵СϴЦݣ̽ͷڷƵһڣлл
Ǻǡ
ƴЦݣóһУЩھʯװãû˿ԥģ͵ݸһԵСΣõ˼ӶҪɳˡ
ȻЩ޼۵ʥֱӵƯʯͷˣ
ˣҲҵĳ鴤š
ֹݻݣֱڱ
кܶ˸Ǿպ͸СŮˣôĺھʯ˵᲻Сĵ伸Ǿ㹻Ǽӻˡ
վһԿŴȤĸŮӿһĪů⣬ϲ֪ʲôʱҲһĨЦݣʱޱߣõһЩˣֱӾȴе𾪣ĳ˽ȥ
˵̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾձƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֡һ˿ɬҲһЩȻеǿȴ񿴱ѩڻһ˲㶯ǣλãɷûܹܵˡ
΢΢һ̧ͷǿ˫ºЦӣʱ͵һ
̫ˣ
Ů٣׿Խϴ
¶ĵЦݣƲǵһμˣȴҲ޷԰εĳ˽ȥֱɫߺ죬ŭĵһۣŻع
ʱƺˣΪǵľ˻ῴͨļһˡ
½ԭ
ʣ˭޼ʥǺÿСʯͷͳһСŮ
â˸ӿŨŨĲʡ
޷̶ֳȣ
ͬʱףǲ֪ھʯôͼֵҲˣڣѾھʯһй˳Ϊλͳأ
һԵķҹҲۣʹޱȡ
ôҲһҪעӰһﵹãֻ»ֻǵʯͷˣ
ȷʱСνЩھʯȫˣҲСΡ
˵ûʲôȻȡСһֵҪˣ˵ЩھʯСҪι߲ȳʥﵱһˮԣҲԥȥ
ôӮ˰ɣ
վЩζ˵
ݣһ⡣
ңûаĺøУϴΣε飡
ҵңôԼ͸һĽѵ
ңǵһʯ
âо
һ龧лл
ƿɲǼҪ˵飬˿ӣֱȥһƬ
ǴҶʯһģȴǱԼ澡ʧⳡ棬Ǳ˳棬ȴҪǮһ㡣
Ҫǣͷûһ龧ò
ŷǲϰڶƣɫͨһƬߣȴк´Ӵ˵
۳ǣɲһҶȶ۵飬Իᱻҹ㷺ʱûˣ
̫ˣ
ܲףһ﾿˭ѵǷӵܣ
Ҫٶһ֣ô
ҧгݵƵ
ԣ
Ƶ˵ͷ˿ʱְ˰֣ܲܽһ龧ֶ֣ȻҺ㡣
㣡
ֱһѪҪ˳
ǳԼ˸
ȴûа취
㲻һ龧Ҳòɣ
ƹʵг˲˼飬㲻Ǹңʲôҵӵôôôһ龧ò
˻ǰ˵⻰Ч󣬵ǣղſǽĺھʯʯͷĿ֮ˣһȣ˵ȷ̫ˡ
ʵ˵ϣܹóһ龧Ҳûһ
ʯ̩ǰʮһö龧óټϼ챦ǧ侧Ǵǧ侧Ŀݺݵĵһ۷֮˱ǻܳ˷Ҷʯ
ӭ´ү
洫ϷʵĻõĳŵ˲һͷԵڵء


756 ɱ
ʯĹ´к֮󣬷ƱٴαСΣйţһֱ磬ųŷзȥ
ᣬҲǷǳټģֻе۳Ĵʱ򣬲ŻôһΡ
һΣԶԶǸǰļ򵥣ֱǷѪо
߲ȷױȵģǣȼƷʥҪȴûһܹĵ
ǣȴóˣ
ԭλѾ᧿ΣķңΪҪóȼƷʥأ
û˲µ͸ˣǱżʶ̬߽᳡ΪҪռǼʮֶҩ֮ɲǼ򵥵飡
䣬յգҫۣ˲ֱӣͻأģڿ貵ĳ̶ȣڵնҵա
Ĵ峤ˣ
ͬoٰӰھǻȵĳݡ
ˣվ½۷ǿߣ
˸ǴЦݣкϿȥΪƣһңʵƤЦⲻЦϸһܹ
ǿ
΢΢ȭͷһĨȣ߰ɡ
ſڣʱΪѾ磬ſڳһЩֵģýȥˣѾȥˡ
ʾ볡ƣ
ſڣ˱ǱſӢ䲻ļ
ƣ֪ģ
óԼ壬Ǹ΢Ц˵
ƣ
ķἰϣǸܿ˹һɫΪ˵
˱ûκ׵ľͽڣֱһСڡ
ȾͰźõģΪæ飬Ҳֻûˡ
СڣһСӣһȲ裬ðԶһȴڣܹ᳡ȫĿ̨
²ãһ֮ʼˡ
һһѰɶ챦̨ʦǸջߺ£ٽļ۸
ᣬٶ챦ģ۸ʮ侧ϣڼ䣬Ҳǹʮ쾧ҩҲһЩҪ챦ϣ˵Ļѣڶ̶һʱ֮ڱͻǧ侧
УСҲһЩϡŹֵС⣬ڲƴֵķƣ˿ںЩֻҪСҪģ˶ٱ۸ûãҲһȡ
ȻΪݳ޵ˣĴ峤ֻҪǿڣǼƷļ۸ٻᱻʮʮ
Ϊ˸ģΪ⣬Ǹ鲻
һ似켶似
ʦһɫ㡢Īϵľᣬʼܵ켶伶ƽɱһʹãܴ켶ңǣ⡮ɱսʥ죬սܱ֮켶۷壬뵱սʥԡɲ˻Ĺŵ۾һж
ʦѾڼĹƻˣȴõ˵һٽ
˵ף⡮ɱһ׼켶켶׵似˵һУ˼ˡ
սʥĳͷǺ˵ģǣûս֮ͷӲԭеܣңһʣԣǸԸȡ侧ȥһ켶伶
ǣڷƶȴһӿϿϲ
սʥµӰֻսȴûдս似ĸƣڣˡ
һǧ侧ģڿʼмۣ
ʦȤҲûм˵ȥֱӸ
һǧʮ侧

һǧһʮ侧
мڳϡϡȫû֮ǰ켶似ʱ顣
ǧ侧
һһСڴ˳һֱ˰˰ʮ侧
ԭ˰
ԭҪм۵ķ죬֮Ǵͷ
мۣĸ峤һ̧Ǽ۸ɾͲˡ
Ȼڷһ˰˰ʮ侧֮󣬱ûټӼۡ
似˵пޣǱ˵㣬ǻνǣƴļӼۣԻȻͲԸ⽫侧˷档
ǧ侧ɽʮŰɹĵɱ
ʦһ£͵ļ۸ĵⱾȵ似
ˣս֮⡮ɱܷӳ켶۷似ܣ
飡
⻹ѩ̿ǡôʱǷȱľָ߽似ˣ
һֱڽУڼٴγΣɫѾʱڣӽβˡ


757 
ʱ᳡ڵ𽥵ļȥ˵۾ǷǸ欵ŮеϣƺƽУǵһ㣬һ˫˫ڣǻȣŨŨӵ۾Ҳ᲻գһ£ƺ´ĳһ˲һ㡣
ʱ̨ϵʦҲԵЩԣʱҲѹֲסе𺳣ֱ¶֮ϡ
ৣ
欵Ų֮̊һâֱ֮ϣʦż˹ȥ
λ˴һƷ߲
ʦôŲ˳˵䣬Сƿеĺиǣ߲֮ʱǽ̨Ⱦ
ʱ᳡ڵ˼վһ쳤˲ӣĿȫĶƷ
һЩڵĴǣʱҲ޷ٱֵȻ׷ڳ˻ȡ
һö߲ʲâĹʵͬһ㣬ɢƢܰ㣬ֻССһڣ˱ͬһ㡣
ǱڵļƷʥ߲
ڳˣȻû˭ʵǣһЩżȴǼһƷʥĴڡ
ΰٲ򶾣
Եıʥ
ħһʥҲͷ۾ħʥҲ޷֤Լǻ˲֢֮죬Ҳգ
һܹôһö߲ɾܹסһλ
ʣļƷʥ˭ܿջ
ʦûκȫ˾Լˣ
Ȼ߲
һ֮ڣ˵һ˶гһ豭΢΢ţֱڵ߲૳
Ƿǵ٣ǾҪӿ̲ռˡ
˵˭ҲĻâ˸ˡ

ĽܣҾͲϻˣǿʼ߲ԹĶҩ֮Ϊ׼ۣڿʼۣ
и֮ʦɷĸߺ
ʱȫĿⶼǷǰϣ֪εǣǵ۳ǵ峤
׼ۣһ龧
һڴһۺһֱӼһ龧ʱõ˵һ
ЩȻĵ̣ܹģǼʮ겻ͬĶҩ֮Ѿ֮ڵͷֻһʱ󻡶ȵļӼͣˡ
׼ۣ龧
û˿ͣģڶҲһиƺʮ㣬ö߲ڱصá
׼ۣ龧
ͬΪ峤ȻҲʾÿνмһ龧峤ʼһδᣬõĺŰڵķЦ۾
ԽףȻ͵Խϣģ
׼ۣһǧ龧
תۼ䣬һŰǴֵĽмۣңû˿ƺһǧ龧˵һǧ侧һ㡣
֪νˣ
Щм볡ڵľмһ߲ǵʥЩܹģһȺ֮ܶѣ
߲ιȽ׵ʥԽ۷ˣֵԽ˭Ҳǵ޼۵ģ
׼ۣһ龧
ǹһĨ߰Ļȣº͵д쳹ȫʱ᳡ȥһ˫˫۾ȫǿŰ䡣
˵İͣûаֻһӵУ
˵
һμӼֱۣӾǧ龧
ҵţ˵ĵλҲ৵š
۳峤԰ΪλۣһξǧĴ󻡶ȵۣڱصõľģ
ʱ峤ɫһ
ǽǵķͷ˹ȥһȣǵԵļΪС볡Щˡ
һΣյźţ
֮󣬷ǵûиеˣԭЦݷ˸
˵ǿƣ֮ۺ
һ龧һЩʥأң̵ܺҲеﲻ
Ҫ֪ЩɶǴʮ꣬ӾԶ
ǵ۳ļңҪó˾龧ҲʹѾ
ڣѾҷƣҪפ۳ǣ
ʱԭ̬Ϊһνм۶
һ֪ǳĵˣΪµģΪ޷ĵġ
׼ۣһһǧ龧
ãŴӵһٴδ


758 չ
ڷϣˣǳ˷ͷʱڼ˶Ź˵Ϊ
ιͻȻԵͼۼʮ궾ҩ֮ǧ龧ɹĵ߲
֮Ծһʱڣ˾Ȼǹ˵۳ļҵķͷ
ԭó߲˶ڸ̾Ȼۺ񣬴ʱȥҵλã᧿Σ
һ֪ǳµģ
ܹó龧ѹķ͸֤ʵĲټϹ˴δûаյ飬Ҳ˵оԵİ·ң
˷ͷ֮£ҵĸΣһ֮ڣʮңЩֱӲ˹֮ڣԱ
һʱڣڷӿ˵ٱǣڣͷ޶ʵİ
Դˣ۳ļûзκεĿΪһСˣϾҶӵмµ۱ֻҪòµ۱޷ҡǵĵλ
ֻǣȴһҵĵ۱ǧǰѾʧ˽֪飬ԣ˿ΣұذܣҪ˳۳۷̨ˣ
һϵȻ䡭
һ£ˣ죬˽ᷢԷҵս

ϵĴ£ȥңңһ˶ǼΪ漣꣬ʱЩĵǣɢɫ¹ɵЦ⡣
ڷдƼֻء
ֻ֣й˵Ϣô
ֱʵ
ϴļһ֣ƾ֪ǳĲ򵥣ס£ӦöԹ˽Ŷԡ
˺ܲ򵥣
ֻɷǳƽĻ͸¶ء
Ŷ
һɫҲ
ϣЩ̫Ծˣ˵Ȼ۳ļҵķͷǾ˵ӵв۳ļҵĵ̣
ͻȻðȴӵۺĵ̣˲
ã˵ĵ̣۳Ǽô
΢΢˿ٴʵ
ȷ
ֻҡҡͷЩӲĻ³Ӧֻһݵ㣬޷㡣
أû֪ͷжԱ޷㡣
ҲǸտӣҲһ߷ǳµľްԣ̣Ҳǵ۳ǼҲ޷ģ
Ҫȵһº֪ˡ
΢΢̾Ϣһɫص
Ѿ֪սĹ
ʮһıȶʮڣڱ˫̴УЩһǿᣬɾʹպǿ
Ȼ󣬾ȶ
ǾʤĹؼ
ⳡܹĵΪռڽеġ
еˣ
һºıȶûа⣬ս磬졣
ҪģǱԼǿĶ֣ӶĥԼսһ
ҲףԻϵǿߣΡȻ޾壬кΪڴ
ǾһĿ꣬ţ̫Զˣ
ֻ֣ʱûȤȥ棿
䣬µʵ
һɲ⣬̫аʥҲһƷʵµ˼£
ûȤ
ֻĻؾˡ
ûȥҼңֻɱˣ
Ҫǣڴڼ䣬ڵ۳Ǵ¶棬ضй¶Լ٣ʱ鷳ɾʹˡ
󣬷Ʊǻص˷ң˽ĥһȥ̽չأ
һڣĿ۷壬ƿµõ켶似ɱ
⣬Ҫδȡõĳɼ˳׶ӹȷ֧ĹۣȥܹĽã
Щһսֹڵ̽类ķзҴӪҲõ˹㷺Ĵ
ȻԪǹΪ֮
һӹȵӵܣ֮壬Եͽʵ˸߽׵ķ÷˽ǾȻ
ЧҲ˶ӹӵۣܲҲǰģƺЩĽ
ӹȣǷǿķ֧ʱֳһλǿӵܣ
֪ǸȻΡ
ǸˣŶʮ꣬ΪѾһΪµĵزʼһֱΪǷǳתͬ壬һ֮Уңı֣Ѿ˵ķ棡
Ƿҵϣ
½ƲĶ֣˷Ҳ˳һڶˣ
󣬸д˵ģҪһصǰ۷塭
˳Ĭˣ


759 ޶
սʥĹŵһʥǿӹɣλҲֻһ֮ң
µ˵̷壬ǰܣþò
Щ´۾ȥ˺δ
һգûܹ⿪ţ
ҲֻеһľŻ֪Щء
󣬷ƱǻعûżչأóǾɱСĽ̯֮
ȡɱǱҪľģܹɱһе
㱼䣬ƺ˵սĹǵɱӰ
Ȼս֮
ԽǿȥƾԽϲ
⡮ɱ޾սΪսǼᶨɱԽһܽսⷢӵ쾡µսһܹս似ںϵս
սӺζǳʵʵԽǿսԽǿɱޱ˼¾磬ضġ졯
ǳΪ켶߽׵似
֮󣬷Ƹпһ֮ھ˷ܡ
ֱվĿսⰴաɱתһһεš
һʱתۼ
ƴΡȻϢȣϵ⣬֮սХˣ
ͻأģ۾ڣս£һ˫ֳͫסɫ
ɱ
޾սڣͬļӿֱ֣׾һǳ֮ս֮۶ɵĽг֮ϣĽУԥľͳǰ˳ȥ

д̶ĺХն˳ȥͽһƬƲֱӾͱ룬ޣһ·ǰ壬û޼ʵǺ֮ڣµĺۼþδ

ҡҡͷһܻǲ⣬ڿһֻܱȰر׾ѡ
еԭȻΪǳγԣߵƿػǺ
ǣƱ̷ϿʼϰһһǵġɱնȥһƬƽϸĸÿһǡɱԼĲ𲽵ĸĽšš
սڳ壬ƺֹƣ룬һ죬ûôϢġɱһΡ
ɱ
Уʵʣһӳռ쳹Ϊ̶лһ׺ڰվþδ
һܱϴǼǷӡ
неǿȣھǿϲ
ܹɱӳųˣ
Ȼ켶۷似
ܹоһܹɵĽ۳ġХŭԣӦѾ켶н׵ĳ̶ȡ

ǣûаȣƲͣĺ˿ó۷ˣ
ȥͬʱܾѪͬһ޾һ㣬ΧԶǳ֮ɡ

ڣͬ˳һ쳹һһĳˢһؾ׵ϣͽ

ʱһȥҲԽԽӵȫΪ£ͲţֻҪܸӮһܻһ龧ֶݳ޴󷽵˼£߽ԾȻ
һ龧һ֣ңŲһѣʮȫʤܵʮ龧
ľǵ۳ļҵҲɵĵһ
Խ¶Խӿ£˴ֱʣǵ۳ļҲ޷óȴ죬ֻҪѡˣӮܹӮһǧ龧ֱǽ龧侧ڻӻˣ
ΪֻоˣΪѾڶһˣ˾˭ʵΣû֪ʵԲܲ
֮±·
ʥصʥӣҵĺĵӣʥ壬壬½ֻΪܹõʾ޿
һʱڣˣͥУΪĿ㡣
Ͼܱѡϣǿɾһǧ龧ɲһСĿ
ȹˣҵս£ڣҵĸѾˣֻһЩǰǳ۵Ĵ壬ҹ˼룬һֱأ

峤
ϼҴҵĴ˷鷿
ʲô£
ϵĻңӿһɲõԤС
ХХˡ
ȫû֮ǰĵھżɫ
Хôˣ
һ֣৵һ¾վǽŵ׷ʵ
ȻХǷҼΪҪ
ХХҪͻʾˣ
ƽи˵
Ǻ°
һһĨϲȥɫٴαˣ˵ǣХҪͻˣ


760 ζ
磬ʵҪͨҪľΡҪͬʱҲΪҪĹؿڣֻнܴ֮ͨﵽߵľ磡
·ΪΣյһ磬𻵣򵱳壬ҲзϣӵкԪû˾УҲ͵ûߵըѣ
£ʵûав
ԣҲǿ߳ٳٲԭ
ΪǺ¾ѣԣڽ۷壬Ǿͻȥǿȵ㹻סʱ򣬲ŻԪȥͨڵĶ
磬Ϊ磡
ξ
Ԫ֮ڣͨͨξ۷壡

ȫ֮ͨ󣬲Ԫ붽֮ڣͨ˶Ƕ۷壡
Сֻ磬ÿһ磬ر𣬶ңΪΣգҪΪֻ磬󲿷˶ᱻͣϣΪʵ̫Σˣϵ˱ȱȽǣԣԸͣҲԸȥߵľ磬оԵİգðճ
ǴͨҪһʣϣ

ΪˣȻʣͨʱΣճ̶ȣһãͻѣǰ
ԣǷǳΣյ飬ңʱǳ
ᵽķХҪʣҪͨζͨһ̣ǳĻҪһǿһ߳죬ҲҪ£
ʱȴǽǰˡ
ҼǵӦûŻʵİôǰһأ
鷿ڶȥƽҲЩҡ
Х츳ҷǳתͨǰչ֮ʱһƼµ⣬ǳֱܱ֮Ӿͳ忪˶Ѿһʰˣǽֹᾭϣһˣ
һԽԭɡ
ХҲǷΪصһˣҲǵ֮һһˣ
ȥ
侲
ǳʱХڵһʲôأܵҲзϣ
ϣģ
Хĳɾ;ԻΪҵһˣͨڷʷֻ֮ˣˣΪǴﵽһǳֲľأҲŷΪԻ͵ʱ̣
ڣзˣڴŷ֮ǰǸ߶ȣ£ұضң
峤ǹ˵¡
üͷһ𣬿յʵ
ԭзХڣʮȶһ˾ʤ˿ЩǣڷХչز˭ܸӮʮȶأ
ֻдӺӵѡʮˡ
̾˿˵ңʮӮǺҪ
â
ҵ۱ع飬Ƿ̣˲֪һ㣬ֻҪⳡӮˣҵĵλͲᶯҡ
ңǻзôڵֻҪ϶֮ˣʤ㻹ͦġ
һ뵽õս촫Уܹص꣬ϵĵǻļ٣ǻһĨ޵Ц⡣
һˣܹͻξѾ֮ˣҲǺʥܴﵽڶʥ壬֮ˣҲǧ֮һ
û˸ҴԴȴץǵͨķХϣҲͣʮʱ䣬дξͻƶ˽ʱ䣬ΪٻҪһ꣬òͻƣ
ͨˣѾҪ˳õʱˣ˾͸Ӳ˵ˣһ˵ʥ壬ʮͨﵽξ۷壬ѾǶˣ
ƣ
Ҳ۾һһƣ԰ͽܹȭ֤Ѿﵽξĵزһܹﵽ־ˣǲడ
ţ
΢Цŵ˵ͷ΢΢ҵҪ˾ڸʲôϷҷҵ⣬Ҿûˣ
۱ع飬η壡
˵ٵʥڴ»˵ٻҲ⡭ڳֵ۱֣ûмڵĵ֣˶ҡҷҵĵλ
ҲЦ˵
Ȼ
˵ͷʵʲôٵʥܹټꣿ

ҡҡͷΪ޵ĺߵϼһ˵ֲȥޡ
֣ϴŪʥʹҲܹһ֮꣬ʹãҲûҩЧ꣬Ӧò
۾૳벻ףټʥ﾿ʲô


761 
ܹټʥֻڵιҶ֣
˼һ֮󣬱ǿ˵
ȷ
˵ͷҲ뵽ˣǿڵʥû취ܹõ
أеһ֮ƣ飬
ǣǧû˵ʥң꣬ǲ˵ι
ɻ૳
صĶ̬ÿڹעģʥǱضһʱȥԲʥǲĵ
ʥɣ
ιǳ˳飬ֺܲȷ˵
ʲôʱùʽ𣿡
΢΢һУʵ
ϹľǷҴС£Ʋ
ȥʱ򣬲٣һ侧
˼ϲ˵
һڣ
һ㶡
ôһ侧ܹĵʲô
صģʲôҲ˵רŵθڣˣ
ϲ޵ĺ
ˣϲ˵϶˵ɣͱȥΪˡ
ȰοڣҪǶɹǰѹءܾãЩţΣҪȫ׼С
峤˼ǡ
ɫһҲ
ȫ֪ͨȥûоԵıҪҪ߳Ӫһ£̽磬մӪ
صĽ
ˣθƵ۳Ĵ壬ǲ
ǣ
Ӧһǿ첽˳ȥ
ףܼҪд·ˡ
ˣ㵽
·ǣüͷˡ֡

̷ϣһǳ֮ǿкڷҴ۵ĵ֮ϣҲ֪Ǳգǻ䵽
תۼ䣬һʱ͹ȥˣƣڵܲԶɢϣʮֺˣڣ಻

ɫǳ֮ļ߽֮ڣھ׵ϳˢϴţõ
֪ΪΣƿʼӿ˳ˢĽ࣬׵һƬͨ͸ϣԼʱ
໣
һ쳹ƵӸǾĲţһƬͨһɹɺ嫵ƣΪģľϯܡ
ľ۷ˣ
۾â˸˸ҫۣ³ϲĺ
ӵּ֮ٶȣǴ󻡶ȵˣ̶ʱ䣬͵۷壬ڵ磬ֻһ֮ңˣ
磬֪һʲôľ硭
ƻվ֮һ󾳽ڴ

˦һЩӲӣһǴڴͬűһ㡣
ʱӦòˣ
ھâһûԥֱӾɽȥ

ֻͨҪͨڵҪͶͨڣһʣ
Źֵһǰ꣬ỹǸһ˵䣬ݹһϸǳҪ㣬мǲçײ
һﻹǹŹ֣Ѿ۷ˣȻ˿÷Щ
лڣ
Ƶлһǽӹ˾ᣬ֮򿪣ϸĹۿͨζ
϶ζλõǱ۾ӦߵλںЩҪʲôֱӺˡ
Ȼڣ
ܿģվϵƱǸӦζĴڣʱЩãȻô򵥣
ˣôҪͨǺܼ򵥵ô
ò˶ʱͿԳˡ
۾Ľк֮ǳȥ
Լӵּ֮ͨǲǷַôʱ¶ģֻҪ磬һҪһֱӽͨҪ̵ʱڳʣ

죬һֱӹڣͬʱҲ˽⵽СεĽȡ
ڣеĶҩѾˣСֻҪȫʳϣжںϣܹƿ϶ˡ
Ϊҩ֮ҩ̫Ϊ˰ȫ룬Ҫÿȶܷһ꣬رǱͷãȻСпܳܲˣԣҪϣҪµʱ䡣
ƲЩڴҪԼΡ
ʱţתۼЩ˶ΪţҲ´˽ȫ˶ûԷķֽǵĵȴУˡ


762 
ڣԭǵ۳ļҫʵʱ򣬸ԿĴսʵÿʱ򣬶ֻ߸ѣһ㶼ĴѣȥļҵȨ
ǽͲͬˣ
ˣǵ֮İȥ֮ʱͶҪսңפ۳ǣڲãϣһε¶ԼͬѰʵǷ˾޶ͣڣѾȫѡʵ֮ʥ壬壬ռ˴룬˵Ƕפ۳ǣѾڱصãڣˣ˵۳Ǽ壬ҪʶͷһֻǱڰľǻè

ϣ
΢üͷϵס
ŶǷư
ǷƣЦĽӭ˽ȥ֮󣬲ֺǺǵʵˣôûаʮȫʤ
ǰģûʲôǰ첻ġ
У
ɫһսŨŨ
սһľ裬Ҫܾսսأ޾һУܴﵽɾ͵λ
ǰһеˣУΪϵλ̤ʯѣ
ԽҪսǿսսŻõ
ι˵ս˵һβɶõĻᣡ
ã
ɨһ֮һĨЦֽкãСӣҾ͵㿭칦ƣ
ڶ̶֮ڣȻٴνһףٶȣΪ£
һ
ܷ
š
ϲϵϾ΢Цʵʲô£
һ¡
뵽⣬Ƶüͷٴ
֪ΪΣЩһֱЩܾþͽҪд·һ㣬ԽǽӽڣָоԽӵԣƺĵ飬ͻϷ
ˣͷǱѾõĻޣ֣ضУ
ϣܽҵ˰ŰôǣЩġ
˵Լ⣬֮ڣ˵ǣϵЦЩĿ
ôˣ
Щɫʵ
ܾãλд
ü価ɫ
⡭
һ㶣ο۱Ѿع飬ڳ֣㾡ܷģ˷ʲô
ҽǧܹ۳ǣȫĹͶǹλڱڣֻͱ۳ˣ
λڵѴҲڲ˶ʱˡ
أûаյ£Σֻ»¡
ҡҡͷ
رǹϵı֣Ŀ֮Ƶ۳Ǽ壬Ӧþ۳ǼʩӴѹȴˣ˵ӵвµ۳Ǽĵ̣
ȻǺðɣҸ㰲ǽӹȡ
΢ԥһǴӦ
еλãǳ˷ХˣҪȻܾңôһ˵ҲǷоЩѹ֣ƺǱǰϦס
ˣͶлˣ⣬һֵܣֻأסڱݣҲϽ
ӦһɣǺ˿
ЩͷĺˣרӮıȶΡҵӣͿˣ
վ΢Цļ
ţ
ƻָţ˫սŨŨ
ϱȥǣҵֻأһЩûҵĸȫǽӽӪڣδȻ
һа׵͵Ĵսˣ

ɫʣͻأģһĨǰף͵İ׹䣬ɢ˺ڰﲪ
۳ǴҰգȫǣͬ٣ˡ
ʱȻ峿۳֮ȴӿͬˮһȫǳŵ۳֮ȥ㳡ıԵѹѹһƬȫˣҲʮ֮ǴʱǾվţƺڵȺʲôһ˫˫۾ڰյĵ۳ǣھǻ硣
۳ǣľ½۷壡
˵ˣ
һȺ֮ڱɧ׷׶ǳһȥ
˵ˣȫһɫϽǹ͵ЦݣһϢͬɽ٣˼䡣
ɢ͵İâůģ˿ۣ棬һһ㣬ǰ棬ʮһڹ˵Ԫϣֱ߽˿տĹ㳡֮ڣͣ
ͣ²ˮ֮СҹΪ˹ʩԵ²Ծפ۳ǡ
һʹļ׵ģͬȫ


763 
ĻͬoģƺĪħܹӰ˵֪Уͱĸߴ
ͬ٣ˣƺÿһܿˣܵ尾ʹĻصĻļ䡣
ܶΪҹ˽פ۳Ϊ˽ʵȻҹ˵ּ¼вܹƽҸƽദ
ƣo͵ɨȫ㱯⣬ģһˣȴòǵһ㣬оʹ
Ϊ²ҹԸⱳһɨƽжһǬ
ĿĲݣѪȾ£Ҳϧ
һģó̡̻
˿¹䣬ǣǽһжĪĶͽһŸϾɱ󻼣ֶѪȣ˷ָûĸηе
˵ǵǰ·ϵģǾǶҪվ۷ȼˣ˭ҲֹǰУ
Ĵˣʱվڵ۳֮ϣ·һĻÿ˵ɫǲôÿȴǲм
ǵ񣬶Ҽе۱ѹ޾һƣ
ңɸӦս
ݽ˹󣬹ȣͬը죬ǣõվڵ۳ϵķɫһƬҵˣ¶ϷʵĿ⣬ھֻ֮⡣
ȻҲйսȨǣҲǿͿûƱˣƺǿ߶ߵһ㣡

ſڿЦЦ죬ѹһͬХϯϣ˶¶֡
ǷҴɵ֮壬һʵɲ⣬û֪Ѿһʲôľء
һЦѹȫԼʵɫҲɣ
ɵ֮壬û˿Ժӣ
һɸӦսҷǵһ˵ˣ
˪䳹ͬ׹һЩˣɫ԰̱µأǱߣ˫һӣһ֣ס
ҷӵܣ˭ȥӦս
תͷʮӵܺʵ
ң
ʮǰһ˫ŭֱȥɱķ
ܺã
һĨɫĿÿһӵɨ˷ϣƣ
ڣ
ƸӦһٴοǰһվ˱ֱͬɡ
㣬һÿһ˶ԣԵĺΪİϢûаƵԵӵȣôĸ롣
ľ۷壬Ԫ
ǵ۳ҵˣǹ㳡ϵˣɨʱĿ¶ɻ
һ˼򵥵ˣαѡģ
ѵѾûô
еһʱôһͷʱЩ˲пһȻʧȥ˵۱֮ǧ꣬Ҫįˡ

Ӫڣһ۱ϳ֮ǵСӣҧгݵĺȻǷҵˣ
ûڷҶʯܵ裡
Сӣȥɣ
ڵŭ𣬺ܿͱЦ
ƾȻǣѡЩȣԶˣΪٶǺʥ壬ӵвеˡ

Ӫڣϳ˷ơ
ǱʥаʥӣǰȣǵϢֲͬˡƺѾ۷ôˡ
ȻѾ۷ˣ
Ƿ˶Էڵɻ
ǿΪ˽Ƶˣǰаʥûз֮Ϊһ̶ʱ䣬Ȼ˻һ㣬ٵ۷壬ȻǵĻɡ
޷꾿ôģ
ʵǻǲ
ϾȻ죬ǣ츳ȴǷǳһ㣬޷࿹
Ѧ֣㱨Ļˡ
ʥϹ޵Ц⣬һͬһհ貵аʥ˵
һǰڽ£
ޱŭаʥӿдһ˫ͨɱŨŨ
ǰ·ң޷⣬ǽʱͬգй˳޼ɵ
ҾǰԤףѦɣڶˡ
ʥЦ⣬Ц˿Ʒ
ԭǣаʥѾͻ磡
ȣӵȴԵĺΪƺзƳȥûгǵһ㡣
ǿɶ֪ͨ꣬ʵΪµˣ


764 ɺ³
ƣһʮ
ǰս꣬ھɫأʵ
˻һ˲ɵ
һԵˣ˵һʮ·ʮˣʤһ˾Ͳˣ
û֪Ϊʻ˵ǰƣЩ˵ȥʱ˵ĿٴοǸ꣡
û
峤·ĹȷʱڶһĨ⣬Ϊôһƽˣȴ˵Ŀ
ǶƲ͸˾͸Ӳ˵ˣʱǱŲм̬ˣǻ̬ˣɵ
ǶҪ굽ǲͬѰǷƣ
У
û˿ԥϣսڳ壬ûаη֮ɫ
ã
ߺһǾ
ǣ
Ӧһӵ۳Ծ£ڹ㳡֮ϣûҳ죬ס
ĿڹѡʮɨڼаʥҲڳʱ΢΢ǹԳһĨĻȡ
һˣ
ֻǿЦΪ˳Դ׶ѣȻͲһУҪڹųҪɱԼԼģ֮
ΣǶԼӶ֣
ˣ
ô
ʱѾ۷壬ǣɿ͸аʥӵΪоףڣаʥٴͻˣ
սǵûȴ籡
ڵѾҪ֮ˣ˳棬˵֣ٺò
аʥӣɸս
ɫĮ±սˣǰģ˽һ㶡
аʥӿ̫壬һʵǷңι˵ѡϣȡ˵ڶĳɼһҵӵܡ
֣ҲϾ̫壬Ҳвɶõϡʣ̫ܣ˫ɷ
񣬼İķӵܣһҪսаʥӣⲻЩˡ
ѵоɳ𣿡
Ƶ˵״лȻ
ҲӵаʥϳԿҲһ
˿ûʲôԵģ
ߣ
аʥӻȣһվĿ䳹纮ֱŷƣ˿ڸǣŨŨɱ⡣
ڷ裬һǼİƣ޷Ҫ
ǣҲ׾ϵĲ࣬޷ֲԣǽȫڷϣ
ڣǴõʱ
˳ȥһЩ˽Щơ
ԵˣֻҪܣǿɾһ龧ĽͰ
ǿֻ龧ˣʱȴаʥȻһֵ龧ôˣƣҲȻˣ
ֻɫƽһǱʥӣ͵Ц⣬һϺһ㣬
ɱСʵӱȡǰĳɼ֤ʵʵǳĲ
һҲǲ֪ǳһˣȥҲ۷ѣǣȴΨһһûвμѡξͻǸˣϢΪ£һըһ㣬ȥûʲô˵ĵطһȼߣȻը
ҲŵЦݣɫûаƺѾûʲôӰ䣬ףϹo
Ŷе˼
ڱʥӽһ֮󣬹ǹһĨƺЦ⣬ŨŨд˵Ҫǣȴĵ
аʥûа㷴֮㱻նɱʱЦŨ
ʱ䣬꾳ȻȥˣǣаʥȴѾͻ磡
ɰѲ֮ǰˣ
˵Ŀ
УЩ¶֮⡣
ζˣǾͲֹһˣķңرǷ죡
ңעˣ

վ֮󣬹˵Ҳ˳˹㳡ټĵطˡ
꣡
㳡Χһ𣬽㳡ڣʱԶˣǵ۳ϵˣĿⶼע˵ϡ
ϰ̬
һΣûܹȵ㣬ģ
аʥ¶һĨЦеĻﾡϷʡ
ƵŭΪ۳ǱȶһŽݣȶǳģսӵܣΪҫǲģԸѪ
ĻѾǵһ˵ˣϧûһġ
Ʒǵûжŭ¶һĨĻȣ³ƵĻ


765 
㣡
ʹаʥһ࣬˫֮ŭ
ȷ⻰һ˵ˣÿμһ飬ϧȴһҲûŴ裡
ԣ˽ˣźľɳ
ΪĬεȷͷ䣬ǾֻѪŲˡ
ǷЩӵܣаʥӵĿȴǳرǷᣬ޺꣬ʵһϹ
һ뵽Ǵεıȶ޷ƽ
ԴӵԺһΰܵôףȻʣȴҲķڷرǵ֪ǳһС֮вɶԼĸ壡
һХˣ
ǺǣʵҲо仰Ҫ㣬ÿΣ㶼ô˵ģ
ƵһЦ³ĮĻâӹ
֮
аʥһҧгݵĺȵһ֪ʲôǴۣ
¡¡
һ̫ͬХһھϯռ䣬¡죬ƺռҲܲסһ㣬˾ϯǵ¶ڼٵţΧĿռ䣬һۿɼ
һһ㣬ҫۣ޷ֱӣ죬ġ
̫Ȼ˵ã
۳ϣ峤һĨ⣬еĿһ䡣
Ҳ΢΢ͷϸǾϡ
̫弫Ϊټܹȡ̫ΪãʮֵĿ£ǲɶõϡ壡
زۣضΪվ۷ˣ
һָ
аʥһ֣ŷֱӵһͨĹֱؿڣһ·ХƲ
ʱ˶Ǳ۾߲ͷȥƺ̿Ѫĳ档
ǣ
ֳУһһĨ塣
ۣ
һұ۱ͨϢֱ¶ǰһƬƬƬ˸ĺ⣬񷢲
ȭ
ûκεĻֻۣźХֱ֮ӳȥ
أ
һȭ֮£̫۶ɵĹ𣬻Ϊޡ
ôܣ
˶ǵԲ۾֮ھǲ˼ɫǼʲôΪֲһ㣬ЩԼ۾
ǶܹӦĵûж˿ûǴȻԴ̫ܴ۷һ
˷ҵֻ΢ĸ̾⣬˽Ŀ࣬˵
У۳λ峤ˣڽ¶죬ĿⶼǷ˷Ƶ档
ʲôؼ
һֻǶûмֱۣң̺Ĵǵĸ֪ڣѾ𾳽ﵽĵز
ҾȻѩؼ
˶ǴһĪЦķ죬΢΢һ
Ȼ޾£񣬼Ϊ£˳˵۳̨ʵɲɺӣ
סһЩѳҵɫǲôÿǹ˼ɹ˵ͬʱȴĿ£ǷˣǸ޷
ͬʱ˽ˣͨ꣬ʵͨĴ츳Ѿһˡ
ĴԭһƵĹӪǼɫ
ã϶ֹЩʵ
аʥҲ΢΢һܿͷӦ˹
ϾѾʶƴĿֲˣԲû̫⡣
̣Ǿȥɣ
аʥŭһһ˫³ȵĹâ˫ƣһһ̫ܣͬ˳һľϯǵصĳ˷ӿȥ֮ˣռ䱻յġ֨죬ЩŤ
ԣռޣΪ˷ֹ̤У
Ϧͬˡ
ƾ㣬񣡡
˿ûκҪܵ˼ǹһĨԵĳ³
ˣ
һͼؿڳ֣һĪ·ܲڣӨ˸һһ㡣

̫ͬϫһӿ˹ֱ˴ڷϣûڡ
°ѾʵһĻǰܣܹһУ˵壬ǼƷҲᱻڻǣȴƵһ½ҲûӰ쵽ĪϮȻ⣬˷Ƶ缤еʯΡȻɫƽǵĳΪŨˡ
Ȼ˷ͼ
п𣬰λ峤Ծٴζݡ
ɵģٴθпһѩصĵ̣
湻ˣǾֵˣ
аʥЩ㵵Ŀ£µ


766 ս
飡
һŶڵ棬زλ磬Ӱǳ֮ӿһһװؾۡ
ȭ
ȭͷֱӳаʥӵȥ
ȭ
ϮаʥӺܿͷӦ˹һӡһձǴϸץգӭȥ
֪УѾƵ˾У
¡
ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬶ʱǱը죬貶ĿĹâŰϯܣذ飬ƬƬ׷ɣ飬ҷӰҲڱ׷˳ȥߡ
ŵŵţ
һĽӡƵʮһаʥӵ˾Ų˷վ
һȻûа仯аʥӣԼļľ˵ֱۣӿ𺳡
һȭ֮ڣܵһɳ̫ܵĳ
ôܣ
޷ʵƶν֣ѹԼΪһԷƵʵҲָƣڣȴǷ֣ؿŷĨƺĻȣ޷ƽ
̶̵ʱ䣬һоȻдˡ
ǰ꣬ѾɷʥˣԽԼ
˻
ӿһ޷ѹֵ𺳣ͫţĿɿڴ˵
ǿʲô
һ۷ԵˣһξˣȻڲ֮䣬ʤ
ʱû˻ֵܱ̬峤ҲЩĿ࣬޷Ե꾿ģһֱվڹԣŵЦӣϵЦ⣬ʱҲ΢һĨâ
Ƶס˱һܹⲻ˵гĵô
һʱ䣬˲ɵıǵһ
װ׵ľԪʣ㣬λ峤ҲȷϹΣԣı֣ͷת
ѵǷҵ֮壿
ֱӱ뵽ȥ
ֻе֮壬ӵܣѹ壡
㣬нǺΪ
ǣûʹǳ֮ⲻõ˻
ǳ֮εס̫ܵʴģ
Σʱûӵ۹⿴ŷƣȡ֮η塣
û˻ΪֻͨԪô򵥣һĳطڸˣʱĿУѾƵǵ֮壡
һ룬˱˷֮ǰǷ
ȷǵ֮ˣһʮҲǲܵ顣
ôܣ
۳ϣھǻҡ
ΪҵĺӵܣЩ۳ļұȶûӵ֣ܽΨʹδƣҲûзĵ֮塣
Ҫ֪֮Ƿǳѵõģڵ۳ǵһңңһǧҲǳ֮ѡ
ɼ֮֮ϡУǵۼҵĵ
ңҲ͹һ˶ѣʱȴĪðһˣⲻĻɷȻ﾿ѩ˶ٵ̡
ֻǿϧȻȴǲ֫ˣʧȥ۱ʧȥһֻǿֱۣѾ𽥵·ˡ
㣬Ŀá

ģôܣôܻܸ
аʥӸִ߰ܲ۾˹Ъ˻ţͬһͷ˵Ұޡ
һûеֿ֮ˣȴڶ̶֮ھͳɾǸͷһ
꣡
ſڣаʥ³һѪ۳ţ˫ֻΪӰϵӡʱѪ
ս٣
ܸǣӿȣ˫Ŀ°׳Źգ˻ƺܵĳǣһ㣬޾̫ܱǣͷѪȻͨ׳㣬ѪȻתһ貶Ŀյҫ۹ţϢʮֲֿ¶ڼٵţһЩΪˣҪԪȥȵĸ¡
ߣ
ɫϾϢڵһаաɱתһ˫ɫսڳ壬죬һɹɿµҲڱŷΧĵذԾѿһѷӿȥ㳡һƬǽ塣
ȥɣ
аʥ˫󶯳һӡɫĽĴ߶̫Ѫ۳գǳŷƵͷ
¡¡
£ռױȵƣƺܹһУû£һƬڣޱȡ


767 ɱ
ƵգΡȻ޾壬ͦΣ³ʵʵս⣬Ƴս
ɱ
׾֮սУǳ֮ӿۣһʵʵĽУϣ΢΢𶯣ƺҲղסһ㣬ûԥһ͵Ķڵϣγ𣬳еĽУǳնȥ
оõ˵˶Ϊ֮Ŀζƶš
ƣ
һŭͬսǿģĿ֮£սڳ壬еĽУնµա

һɭİâǰƵմλʱһѺ۱ǳ֮ϣֳ֮룬ţһ貶Ŀǿⱬ
¡
ԭӵըһ㣬һټĢڿ𣬿µϢȻըһͬʮ̨һľϯ˷㳡ڣŰһУ汻һһ㣬м
꣡꣡
һ°ֱѾʣھһƬ벻˼顣
˶ǿķǳȷտ̫Ѫ۶ɵģܺƴʮֿ£ڹѡ֮ʱûܹУΨһµǸ壬Ҳȼ˱ѪʮǱ
ǣôһֻصգȴǱƶĪؼֱն룬ܹܵˣ
ʱƵʵжǡৡֱ
̫ˣ
û˰׳յĻΪ֮ˣֱǽɵ֮ˣ
ң׻˶ʵ
˵Ŀ⿴۳֮ϣŴŸĪЦӣнǺݺݵһ
ѵ˵ҽʮ֮ھͳλ֮ô
ֻôһ룬бǵһ¶ľ֡
֮壬¼䵱֮ĵһʣΪۼĸһۼңܹһλ֮壬Ѿܹվ۷ˣӵˡ
뵽㣬ҵɫҲ
뵽ʧ˵۱ص΢΢Ż
֮ô
һԵֹ֮ɵºЦ⣬ƺ˿һ㡣
Եصӣ

ڷ籩ϯ֮󣬹㳡ϣǽ壬ѷûһĵذ塣

аʥվǱͷң·ؤûʲôΪ٣ϵĴϢţĿĶǵԼ߽ӰڣһĨ塣
ȷˣ
ڷնΪ콵ʱ򣬾ѾҲնˡ
ʮңͣ˽ŲŴʱѾǱаʥӣǹԳһĨĮĻȡ
˵ÿ㶼ô
ЩϷʵĻӷƿ˵õаʥӻһ
׼ô
Ľȶǰ˵Ļ
Ҳģˣ
߰аʥ޷˵ĵĻԶ˵Ŀͬһһļ䣬ҵĲһ˫ԭͨڣҲֳһɲѪ˿
壬Ҳģ
׳̫ܴڷӿ貶ȣѿƤѿѪӿȴûеµ棬ԼȼѪĻ棬ʱ䣬ʹԭ̫֮ӣһͷѪħɷڳ壬ɱ
ȻȼѪ
˾ھһƬ֡
֮ˣľڵѪһһΣԣ򲻵ѣ֮˲õѪΪѪʧôʧȥƿܵʸ
аʥڵɾɱ
ĻٲҴ⣬ۣڣǳ֮ս֮ӿսڳ壬ûа⡣
ʱֻսѾȴһУ
µɣ
аʥЦ˫ѪգǳŷҪͬھһ㡣
ɱ
ƿ׾³ͬʵʵս⣬һгУһ壬ֱӭȥ

һ̶ƿ쳹Ѫէ֣˽վһֻǣаʥյѪ棬ȴǻĵȥȥһѪߴͷϳ֣ѪԲ۾ƺǣȴȴϵĺڰ
һ
û˿еӷƿ³쳹ȫͬķιļ䣬


768 Ц滢
ǹ㳡֮ϣһƬžûʲôһ˫˫۾ȫǼǾߵµĲʬ档
аʥӣѵһ̫壬ˣ
㳡֮ϣֹ֪پž֮ˣ֮壬ʥ壬壬ﲻǽ㳡ϴɱǣ䣬ȴ޼
಻Ǻܴ£ϵ֮壬ǲУԱûģοаʥѾƴȼѪ˵Բ֮壬ܹ
ǣȴˣܵĳףʧȥ
ɫ꣬һ㤣ӪǼڸ¶֣Щҡ
˭ϵʵ꣬һɱ
ˣλǶòԼˡ
֮ô
˵֮Ҳ޷飡
ʥվĨЦҲʧھһƬ㵵ɫ
ǰǸô
Ǽµʱ䣬˵λþ͵߸ˡ
ģ
ŷĨĻȣʥвһƬ
ٶȣĵ־ð亹

һĴЦӵ۳Ǵãɷģҷж
ӵҲ𶯵ĿǵӰȻѾ֪ƺǿǲ²ƻ֮ǿ
رǷԷƷʹĽУҲеͷƤ顣
գаʥӣֱնϣʵ̫ˣţԼս֮Ҳֻ·ס
һ亹ջ䣬Ÿӵɫ
ǿɻӭս
ܷƴ󣬳ŨŨϷ֮⡣
ԣڷնɱаʥ֮󣬹ѡǼ˼˵ӣǸѡȵһӵҲüͷ壬ҳӦս
˺ʣϵɫһǲźۼĳ˳飬һĨɭ
ȥɣǵ㡣
ǻָЦݣԵǸصķԸ
ϸĻľͻڶӾȻһݹ棬ʮֵĹ졣
š
Ӷ̬ƺҲǺܿͬλһ㣬ĵ˵ͷֱŲƵĹ㳡ȥ
꣡
һٴ𣬽㳡ڡ
һ˵ԵüΪİӣ濴ȥľ粻۷ѣֻǣȵϢȴľǵ۳Ĵ峤Ҳɫ
ˣǲ֮ˣ
㣬ɨһ֮Ǳȷ
ڵϢ̫£һʱҲ޷ȷǺ
֣ԭüͷĹ˵Ԫǣ˿ϲЦտƺӮѶһ㡣
˵˴һϾɫǳƽһֱһĨ޵Ц⣬ƺκҲ޷Ӱһ㣬ңնɱķƣûκεأƺǸ߸ϵoһͨһ㡣
ŻӣƵɫȴ
ӾһΡɽԼ嫵ѹõķƸ޷ġ
һµˣ֪ΪΣƾãӦò𾳽ô򵥣
ʵǿ
ûа⣬͵Цŷ˵š
Ҳ
ƵĻһ䣬ˮ
̫ˣƾǱɽѹһ㣬ЩϢᶨԣҲ΢΢Ķҡš

ļҪʱ򣬷ȻѣдһսսĶӿȣһиȫݻٽ飬ŨŨսͬһ񽣣ɱһУѹƽʳޣָ
ǰЦӣƻ亹죬оȻ
Ȼõ쾡£һˣֻǻû֣ǾѾˣ
ûս
һһĨҡ
ס
ƾȻԼҲ΢΢һ㶣һĨ죬սŨŨķƣƺʲô
ȷܲ
ӵ˵
ϻ˵
ƻս⣬ŭһ壬ۣǳȥ
˾һͷЦ滢ſȥһ˵ģȴ߽˵ɱ
Ǻǡ
ûжŭҡҡͷǺһЦķƣŻƣǳƬȭͷӭȥ


769 ս
飡
ȭͷ޻ײһ𣬾ҵը쳹Хϯ˷㳡ϲƵĵذϱγһĺۼ
ŵŵţ
±һĺۼһŲ˵ذ֮ڣβͣ
ӣȴֻ΢Ļζǻָ䣬ϵĵЦһֱûɢƺʲôҲûзһ㣬Ƶ
һȭʤٷ֣
˻
ľȻ˽˲ɵĵһ
Ƶı֣˶ǿУǵ֮ɣǣȴͬ׵У
۳ϣĴ峤ɨһۣǷ˶ԷڵĺȻرǷ죬Ƶܡ
û֪ӾʲôͷϲЦտĹˣ˵Щء
ʵ̫ǿˣ֤ʵ˵Ĳ򵥣һֱڰĲ򣬶һͷ׺ݵޣ
Ҫפ۳ǿʼͷǱޣͿʼ¶Լצˡ
ʱѾֹһЩСʵڵˣ۳ļҵˣͬ硣
ˣһ¡۳ļҵ

ǿ
΢΢ĶţѾľˣûʲô֪һ߸ߵ͹𣬷һĨ𺳡
ڸղŽӴ֮ʱƱǸоһĲ˫ײһ֮һɾҵʹǴȭͷϴĵףȭͷըһ㣬ʹ顣
кףʩչۣһͨȭͷԻᱬѵ
Ǿʲô
ü΢΢ǹǿİ֪ķΧ

ս
ھǷս⣬һŶڵϣαǳ֮ս֮ӿȫۼۡ
սҪԼǿսΪǿҵս⣬ڣƷǵûа㺦£Щ˷ܵķ
ҪĶ֣һɶõǿ֣
ȭ
ȭͷĺ¡ٴǸͨȭͷװؾӿҵı
¡
ȭͷһεײһ𣬾죬ͬѣģϯ㳡֮ڸΪǽ塣
ΣȻƻ˻岽ǣصҲ󲽡
Żս⣬ԷٴγķƣһĨ㵡
ȻǵһôһѲĶ֣
ףΪ֪Լȴǿҵս⣬ľӺζ
һһΣ֪ΪΣӾȻãԷȭͷԽԽˣȭͷϴʹ΢΢ĳ鴤ţ
ȻЧ
Ŵĵİս⣬пϲӶϵĳţƵӵϵЦҲ
һ꣬
һӣͷβķӣ
û֪Ϊλӵǰǿҵս⣬˫޾һе˲η
սһ
۳ϣ΢΢ţĶ̬Ҳɵĸпѡ
Ĺ֮ʱսʥΪ˴ս⣬ϧ۾֣һսǧš
ʱĿУսʥһӣսǸʱڵǿߣȫˣԶԶĶ㿪༤Ҳ֣Ϊǵ۵̤ʯ
Ǹ˵ˡ
вӿĪļ
ΪʱƲ𾳽ѣǿ˱ȱȽǣܹսô͵˵еǵ۵Ŀܣ
һ뵽㣬޷ƽϢҲЩ
ңѵܹڶλô

ɶļһ
ȭͷϴʹһĨŭ
޷⣬ƵΪһαһǿᣬѵΪʵԵʣ
Ϸ˽ˣ
ٴγķƣɫһɺƥƴڳһo֣ŷĳһơ
¡¡
ͬѹ𣬿ռһŤֲƾϯһֻƴըװ죬ŷƵ
Ʒ嫣÷ƼϢ
ƣ
ȭһ䣬һгڷУԥģƱն˳ȥ
꣡
̣
޴ϮвǽӴһߣĽУȻ⵶նھһ㣬ֱ۶ϣұ𣬾޴İƣױȵƣֱĴڷƵؿڣ߷һ㣬ֱӾͱķ˳ȥѪԶʮײͣ
ôܣ
ǵڵϣݣԡѪ꣬ھĿ־뾪㵡
أ֪ӣȻͬʵ˷ҵ֮壡


770 а
˵֪֮壬ǵһʣ츳ܹƿؼ֮޿ң
ǣڷȴǰˣѪڣ֪
ôͨһƣƺûжκ似һз
Ҫ֪ǱɱǽȼѪаʥնɱȻô۶ˣ
һĻÿһ˵꣡
µ˼£
ʲôˣΪǿ᣿
ȫһ㡢ЦĹˣ˵üͷ
̫ˣ
Ȼӵбȵ֮ΪǿĴڣ
ʱ˵ĵλжǳֱţֱӾͳ˵۳ļҡ
ԭҪֻĵ۳ңʱȴҲһأ٣
Ϊӱֳ츳ˣҲΣУ
ģ
΢΢֮󣬶ʱбһɼŭȣƥռ䶼Ϊ֮ˣһۿɼĿը첻ϣؾɫͬĩһ㡣
һٶʱ˵ע⣬ǰƥƣõȫз
Ȼٴνˣ
λ峤ɫһ䣬ΪڷϸܵһɱǻҪǿĲ
âڳ壬Ŀֹɱˡ
Լ¡
ƺ뵽ʲô΢΢һ亹죬ϵٴңң࿹
뻤סӣ
ϵǸӣϲû˿η壬ңǷԳһĨĻȣƲмƳ

ߣ
첻޵ŭһһĨмһܹһеѹͬˮһֱŹײ˹ȥ
ѾƵǷϣڶλۣôܹ̱˺
ŵŵţ
ѹͬʮ£ʱһɫԲ԰ס
ʤٷ֣
ǿ
𶯣һƬȻ
ϹתȻ˵׺צɼܹ˺иĵˣ
峤ô
ɫһٱ䣬ŷĺ
˶
ŭһھŭ𣬾ƣ𶯣һµϢϯԭʹ䣬ǣȴͣ
ΪѪڵķƣȻΡΡվ
ֹͣ˳ĿǿһĻ
ԡѪԭƵȴǹȬ˰Ҳû£ȾѪ˾ҪΪûܹˡ
ѵһ߼ҩʦ
ڳȫǼˣʱ뵽ȥ
ֻи߼ҩʦ켶ҩʦ˶ݵʱ޸ǰصĴˡ
˻
˲һ
켶ҩ䣬ɲ˵壬ߵܴ֮еģ
ӵ켶ҩĵ֮壡
ֻ룬˴ĵ׾һ
֮ˣǳɳ
۳ϣ˲ɵĶǺϣ֪ǳУȻҵôһػⲻϣģǲԸȥôһǿĶ֣
һ뵽Ǹӡ
ܾˣ

Ǿʲô
ǷƵڶзˡ
Σܵǹܡ
а
֪ΪΣоð
ǹֹϳǳ֮Ҫԣݻǣ
ûڱĵ˵ʱ򣬷ƵܵҵײԲŰܵô٣ӵ޾Ĳս⣬ֻһ֮²ҲȫʧΪֲһĴڣ
ģ
ݽҧŭ
ĵԱܶ԰Ķͻųһ
ףΪԼǰӣּҪ֮ĳ嶯
˵صӸ
ǿɶһʲôҲԣ˵ͬףԽףҲûܹס
ǣ꣬ȴǵסˣң
ϵĴˣɲҩܹεģ
εֿסģѵӵͬ׵
вɣڶ¶ɻ
ӡ
ɫһ䣬ϢƲϵ󶯳һӡһͼ
ˣ
ռ𶯣һֻ޴ƻ۳ͣǿŷȡؼĸԪ
ͼ
ûκεԥƱٴһͼͬʱָǳ֮籡һû뵽ֻ޴İ֮ڡ


771 һ
¡¡
һֻ޴ƣڰգ΢΢Ļζ䣬ΧĿռһը죬ףġ

˷һɫԪͬˮһ۶ȫǹ䵽ֻ޴֮ڣƸ
УΪ۵ĻǴӷָ籡ԶԶĿţ˱Ǿ쵽ǹɿµĲ
ּ֮
˵ӶҪɳˣھǴ㵵ɫǼ˲˼һ㡣
ܴǵѾ½۷ǵļʶ治ν㣬ǣͬǰһĻȴδţ
ⲻܣôܹӵּ֮أ
۳ϣ峤סҡͷƺԸǰʵһ㡣
λ峤Ҳò˶٣ǾĿⶼǿ졣
ֻǣʱȴûа⣬ɫȴɺΪϾһֱڹ㳡֮ϣưƺʱܻһ㡣
ӼΪ£÷Ƴ£䣬˳۳̨ҲҪȻطƣ
ţֻҪڣҾ죡

ӡ
ֻ۳ͣƱûаԥֱӱӡֻһϵƱǳѹȥ
¡¡
޴ƣͬƶܹ츲أǣ죬¡
ô
ɫûжٱ仯һֻƣƥȻôֿȭֱӡ
¡
һը죬޴ķӡȻһȭ飬Űȥǣȴӵ½Ҳû߳oһС
ţȻǿ᣿
˶ܹӦӡ̲֮صĿֲּ֮ԪȻǱһȭ飡
жǿ
û˻ֵܱ۳ϵĴüͷҲ
ֽǿѾǵ֪Χ
ûףΪڻ˿ֲĴڡ
ⲻ˵ڻִͬɵô
ֻһ룬˲ɵĶһ
УǾͿֲˣһֻ¾ܹѹ۳Ĵ壡
ЦĹˣĴ峤жһΣУһۣƺĳֹʶһ㡣

Ȼ
鷭ӡûа⣬˫һֱûͣ£һֱڲϵӡһ޴Ƴ֣ͬһĳȥ𶯣ز첻ϣ಻
̫£ܹǣһԶһ˼ŶԲ֮
ĿǰΪֹֻӦսܹ֮
ս֮ںԿ
һ۷ӡ֮ʱƱָͷͬû뵽˷ӡ֮ڡ
ˣ
ʱֻںּ֮ƱҵһƱһɰսײĶϵһ󶶶
ͬʱƵҲͬѹһһ㣬ҵĲһ鼡߸ߵͣҪһ㣬Ѫ۳֡
Ƕһּ֮ڵʼۣȻҲܲסˣ
ӡ
һɫӡֻƱǳȥ

ƺҲΪ꣬һֻֻǽ֮𣬶һһŷ۽
飡
¡
ֻںּ֮ķӡµʱһȭӭȥǣֻȴûͬǰЩһѣȭͷ˾һ㣬ȭͷۣ΢㵵Ŀ£ֻƽȥһ֮Уû뵽ص֮£ټ̨ϣһ޵׵ӡ
õ˽һ㶣׾Ƿʲô£رǹˣϵЦʱͽһʯһ㣬͸¶Ĵ㵡
Ψһ֪ͷˣΣˣԼӾȻ˵£Ǹ޷ǰһС
ܵģ
㵵ľھ޷ŵɫ
һʧ̬ʱҲûǰ󣬷ЩңȣƺҪһ㣬һɺƥѹѹϵʱֹͣ춯
¡¡
´һը죬ҵĲţǸΪģһɲѺ۳˷ӿȥ㳡ƺĪͽһ㡣
ӡ
ûаԥٴ۷ӡּ֮ںϣһֻսڳƱٴγ˳


772 ƾʧ
¡¡
źƴӴӵ»ĸΧѿʯȴ˻аױǱεʳ䡣
ʱѾûǰĵȻϵһ䣬ŭֱӾʹӾһŭ
ǺεȵݣȻֵطĿ֮¶˴ܹŭ
ɱ
վڲԶ꣬˿ڸǵ¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ֻѪƽϢеŭ
ӡ
΢΢һ㶣ǿһֻսo֣֮Լͷ䡣
飡
˾ٶŭٴһ׻ͣ׵ʧȥǣŭȫ޵ŭ𣬱ޱȣɱڣۺ𶯿ռ䣬һֱֻ嫣ȭͷٴκȥ
¡
һȻһۿɼ޴ӡٴα飬ֻǣ˶ܹȭͷҲǾҵĶ˼ΣҲһɾѹȥ߰˸󲽲ŶסΣһɫһƬò
ٵһˣͫһ˲ھȻıһƬûа
ӡ
Ļ΢΢ȴûͣһֻٴ۶ɣХٴ˹ȥ
ûûǰɣ
䳹ǵӿ³ɫЩɲԨħһ㣬ʮֿɲ
λ꣡
³ޱɭͬħĵͺһɼΪаϢƶһƬͬīһ㣬֮ǰֳĹ̬ǡǡ෴
֪ΪΣ˼Ļ֮󣬴ĵײɵľ͸һƺǼʲôΪĵһ㣬ЩΪһʼŻɫʮֵʹ࣬亹졣
෴ģȴͬoһ㣬ھǻ磬ɫг˷ǰڳ棬ǼҪȥĤһ㡣
ͣ
ͬīһǿҵĸʴΧĵزǱʴһףĸ
ڵȭͷٴĴ֡
̣
ͣ
һ󣬾ȻٴηΪĵġ֮͡
ûЩīȻڸʴֻƣͬȳһ㣬ֱӾôţֻƿгޡ
ôܣ
ȫ˼ȫӶҪɳˣһ˫˫۾֮ھǾ㵵ɫ
Ǿʲô
۳ϣĴ峤ĿϣǰҲɵз㤡
ڵܹʴֻƣʹǿȣֻּ֮ں϶ɵƣ
Ȼڵս֮ʵ㲻Ǽ֮Ͼսһûгֹ´ۣǣڷ۳ʵʵս⣬Ҳܱһˡ
˻
ֻ΢΢ôһ룬˲ɵıǵһ
ǲųǿĳǵ֪塣
ʱȫһˣɫ԰ףǲӡķƣвɵĲ
κһˣһǿƥĶ֣ԲսͶ
ʱƵıȴǡǡ෴սڳ壬ͬһսη塣
Լ飡
мȲϣǣжһͷ꣬Լǿ
£
ͬħĵӵɭ̼䣬͵һֻͬħ۶ɣֱӳİӭȥ
̣
һ쵱Уӡֱӱֻħ飬ʴ𣬲һ˿ۼ
¡¡
ڵӡֱֻǣ죬ֱӳԶķ˹ȥ
ӡ
ӡӭȥȴֻͣѣħȣǵصĳŷѹ䡣
¡
һը죬ţͬһķһ׵ľ޴ӡڷվ֮
ô
Ǹӣ˵һͻ
Ǹžܹնɱ꣬ôô
ϣ̬˸϶¶ɵЦݣƺѶֻǣǸصӣüͷȴ΢һ顣
һ˲䣬ƺǸƾʧˣ
ˣ
һֱעڷϵĵ۳峤ȴֱһ㶡
ǵȻһ˲飬ǲףΪξͲأ
ɱ
ͻأĳӵĺʮףгһּ֮۶ɵĽУֱӳӵĺնȥ


773 ӡ

ЯźƥսĽУ˺ڰֱնӵĺϣʱīɽڵҺڵ棬ʴһ׵Сףðŵḷ́ʮֵĶġ
ɫѪҺ
΢΢һ㶣һĨ졣
ףΪӵѪҺǺɫǺɫģң̺ǿҵĸʴ壬ܹѪҺĴڣ
ͻȻĳ֣ͻأϮȴõһ㶡
˽Բףγֵģ
ˣӵпռ츳
Ǳߣʥɫһ䣬о
ʲôռ츳
Χ˶Щ㵵ĿҲ˹
˽֪ռ츳ֻӵУ
ԣʥ˵ӵпռ츳ǱŻɵ̬
ǣǰһУ̤ȴû˱Ľ͡
ƾʧƾճ֣˵۾Ѿٶܹݵˡ
ռ츳
۳ˣ˷һ⣬˷ҵˣȫ¶ޱȴ㵵ɫ
һܹ̤У
һ뵽㣬бǳ鴤š
ƾռ츳һǿߣ֮ޣԿɼռ츳εˡ
ڣ츳ȴǳһϣõ˶ǷӦ׷׶ǴȻĿ⿴ơ

໺𣡡
һŭӵĿкԨɭޱȣվϵ˺Ѿ裬ֻǣ벻ԶϵһСףȴˣܹˡ
һƬڣûаʣɫԵЩɲţһɹīһļӿͬˮһӿţΧĿռ䱬һ̶죬ƺҲΪ丯ʴһ㣬ʮֵĿ£ľ塣
ҪҪ
ɫٵĳ鴤ţвϵĵͺţתһֻڵĶħֱ֮Ӿͳŷץȥ
ৣ
һŲ΢ƣֱӱǳڰ֮⣬ε͵Ϯ
ȷǿռ츳
˵ղǴûм˿ôȴг˳ɵ˿һˡ
ȷ̤ɣ
˻
ڹ㳡ûûаۼԵ꣬˲ɵٴεһ¶𺳡
ܹ࣬ɱķƣ΢΢

¡¡¡
㳡ϣ첻ϣһըƮܣɲѷ˷㳡һƬǽĴʯм
ģôбͣһУ
Ŵʧ֣κβ˷ƣŭɫΪ¡

ֶгŽУԥֱӻĲ档
ҵĽŲ˵ɣڵ㣬ûʸ񣡡
ЩϷʵӷƿ˵ͬһͷʧȥǵĻһ㣬Է̬֮ʱõ㳡ֱ꣬ӳȥͬԨ֮һ㣬ΪΧһУֻСǶΪ棬Ҳľѡ
ʲôˣ
˲ɵĻ
ڵӣɫħûκǰº͵̬ǾһͷײеҰޡ
ˣǹ˵ô
һʧ̬Ĺˣо㤡
ѵЩžƤˣʵﶼײкҰô
⻹Щ˵

ѵΪûа취ô
һʱͻأ侲˫ڣֱԶķƣǹֳһĨЦ
๾࡭
һͬŨӿ˷Ҫ㳡֡
˾ٶʱõķɫһ䣬Щѿ
ּΪаֶĵּ֮ںϵġӡԸʴƿɲΪԼܹܵסʴ
ã
۳ϣоһɵɫٴȥҪȵʱȴǼԭЩҵķָֻƽ
ৣ
һ֣óһ˸貹âԲ
Բϣһ·Ө˸˸ĪĴϣǣܱߣһ̾ᣬ׳Хƺʹڿһ㣬ġ
໣
ŷƵһԲϵ·һӨ˸˸ˣȫԲһԵĴڣʱХ죬һԲڷƵĿ£ڣڵϮſڣͬ޾ˮһ㣬ֱӾͽЩڵ˽ȥ


774 
ڣʱûʲô׹̶쳹ϣ˶ЩŵĿŹ㳡֮ڵĶ̬
ͣ
ŨīͬڷţƺǧħӰԶ֮ܶ쳹Ż죬ͷƤΪ֮顣
໣
ͻأģһ貵ľЩ֮Ծޱߣɢ߲ϼ⣬ͬһ㣬ģΧȻſڳХһ˫һƬͨſĴڣΧĺͬˮһû뵽ĿС
ֻǺܿģȴǷ˱仯
໺𣡡
޴һ޺ƺǳķŭһɹĪϴϯΧŨĻĺɫ飬ֳһյ׿Х³ɫȻȫ˳֮ϾȻֳֵһĨԻӶ
ô£
оҶӡãȻ֪Ƿʲô£رľȻɫ³֮󣬸һ㶡
ڱ֮ڣص˵ӡٰΪãһܽ
ʵҲˣڱ֮ڣĶܣӡҲɣڵ̷ϣǳ֮ҲɣǣʱȴϽܡ
ǣǲɣΪƸܵӡԼƶƺΪų
⾿ʲô
ֵ΢΢
ĸоӡһޣףΪһ
ɫѵİٰ
һͻأôһͷԼҲ֪ΪԼ˵Ĳ²⡣
ҲǱܣ
໣
ɻڼ䣬޴ȴǷˣΪȻԼķΧڣſڿХһĪ۶ɣӣһ貵³ϯȫѹڵʱ㳡ɲͬڳϿγĳ棬׹쭷󣬹㳡еͬĩһ㣬ΧҲһۿɼ

ͨ
ϳɣʱŷ貵Բ̣ھǻȵɫ
ʥѾʱѾ۷ˣң˵ӵϾӵ⻹ҪʦС
ⲻõٴθпһҵĵ̣һӵܾӵˣһ뵽ڷ¶츳ҲȻˡ
츳ӵܣѾʸӵˣȻˣȴɻˡ
ԼĹǺģңûͬӡһңϸ̽Բϵ·֮ʱȻһ֮ӿƺҪһ㡣
ǴԵ
һ뵽Ƶĳ첻ɵĸпһ
괴̫漣ʱѾľˡ

ģǾʲô
֮ڣݶҧˣ䲻һƬڵȼŭ
ʧ֣ôһСطӵܶԼԱԼѾ޴棬߰ܵصĴرǴʱѾʹɱﵵ£Ȼ·磬ŭգΪĳЩԭҪ˼һЩ벻һеıնɱǰꡣ
ѣѵΪҾûô
ͺһ֣һڵľͳУڹ³һЩ˭ҲģķΧӵĺɫȻγһͷɲĵħצģģ塣
𣡡
ӲϵĻģͷ޴Ķħƺһ׳ֱ۾ͳڰյȥƺҪһ㣬Ϣϯȫ
໣
һ״ʱŭХһӡ·һ貶ĿĹٴ죬ǿצֱӾͳͷħͷ­ץȥΡ롣
¡
צҵײһһը쵴չħ˫׳ֱֱӾͱץ鵱ڵŰϯȴûͣ¶˫ԲɣٴһצץѾûֱ۵ĶħֱӾͽǸĵͷ­
¡¡
ħͷ­󱬣޴ʱͺȻѣһ޴Ģ𣬺ƥľϯ˷Χһﾡ𣬷ս壬ͬеʯһ


775 Ժ
¡¡
ͬĩһ㣬Ǵ㳡ҵţζţΪѹƣǶᱻ޴棬ˣ˻ܹоĲвٵطѿһڲ׵ѷ죬ʮˡ
꣡
ܹɱ۷ڷľϯγһҵ쭷磬ƽĵͳһƬ棬㳡ΧϣҲγһۿɼƺҲܲסҪһ㡣
ãⳡʢŻ
˻
㳡ڵõ˲ɵͫչ۾Բɣһ
ƣƺʲôҲûзһ㣬ΧǱľûжӰ졣
෴ģǿӣʱȴΪǱͷħģħͷ­󱬣һܵʤʱͷڵڷѪ˿ǻһڵѪʱ·߼û˯Ľлû
ģӪ˸ĿɿڴƺЩʧǣƺҲĹһ㣬Թ졣
ã
۳֮ϣâãд˳֮⣬ӵҲǼĪ
ǰǿˣҲĶ֣˵ǿᣡ
ҵȴЩˣȫǶǿһҵôɾ绢ǵλþ᧿Σˣ

¡¡
㳡Ƶȴͻأ쳹һɹ죬ѷӣݣһеٸߣǸӡ
΢΢ĲڵڷֳһѪ˿ߣϢ޾˳ϯ˷ͬһͷħһ㣬죬ġ
ԭ£Բԭ£
һεشѾ׵ʧȥǣһɹǿϴڱŷֱӾѾ𾳽ﵽĲΡ
ȻطѹԼΪ磡
Ҫ
ŭͬһͷѾħһ㣬ԣֻзɱ⣬һɹɸΪǿϢľϯΧĿռҲһۿɼĲ嫵ѹ㳡Χĵȫݣ𶯣ƺռѾܲסĴһ㡣
ûǸʸ񣡡
ھıӻ֮£ûܵκεӰ죬΢΢г³䳹ǵ
ǿĳϣȷ޷⣬ǣоԵܹԽӣ
֮ôܻˣ
Ҿ͸㿴ҵûǸʸ񣡡
ӱŭƱֱӾͻξﵽ˶ĵزһڵûͣҲڳһɹɱ֮ǰڵĳ׵ʮֵĶģΧĿռ䱻ʴһ̶졣
ˣ
״ͽһһĨңֱ̧ͷ񷡣

ͻأľͱһ޼ʵĿӣ¶һռ䡣
ﲻĵط
ѷ֮ڴ˳һɺƥ͸˹㳡ϵϣֱӽѾʧȥǵͷϡ
ɼĸоõ˹·Լ΢Ц꣬һĨʡ
һطȻһɱ㣡
Թ޵Ļ׵ıռڣһбǻָƽʲôҲûзһ㣬ĿɿڴվԭأǱ񷷢㶣þòܻ
ߣҲһ
Ƭ죬һĨâ
ǹ⼤ӷ쭵ģΪʵ̫ǿˣ˳ʶ÷˵սĹ֮ʱˣͬǿˣ¶ʵ֮ȴĪ˽ˣԣƲŹΪ֮
ΣʱԼ޷ʤӣ

Ǿʲôˣ
ˣ˵۳Ĵ峤жǳһʣֻǱ˷Ǿ仰
ⲻĵط
ʱĴ峤ӽһһĨ𺳡
ƿص۳ǵǣ֪ԶԶˣ仰õֱӾ뵽һط
ɽ磡
ʱǵɫһĨ԰ףĿⶼǿ˵Ӫ
ѵ֪ǳĹ˾ȻԺɽô
һ뵽㣬ĵײɵӿһ
ѹ˾Ȼ˵Ĵֱʣ龧侧һóãĵ̣ȻԺɽ磡
뵽һԼ֮в΢΢ȡ
ɽǲܽ½ģ½
ʱǺɻΪֻӣȴԹǱߵ˲Ųʡ
ֻһܣЩ˵ˣҲͬ½֮ˡ


776 
Ϊղŵ䣬ʱһƬ֮˵ĿⶼǿӪһЩƺǲµʲôɫ䣬¶־ɫ
ʱܹЩǲԺɽ磬ѾҪˣҪǣкɽıƾһ㣬ܹӵ۳ǼҲ޷ĵ̣
Ĵ峤ɫѿǻɨӣǷ˶Էڵɫ
Ȼ½ϣѾվ۷Ĵڣǣȴ޷ںɽȣ
Ϊܹɽ㣬ǾͲ½ˣ

һ
Ƴ˳ٴδд쳹ȫõĹӪǱߵ˸ɫһ䡣
ȶеλǡৡرӵĶԿĲʱµİˣûһ˻ǰս
ˣҲǸˣ
İ˵ɫɫʱһƬâȴҲû˿취
֪˶ԿķƣҲȷЩܹʤģ

ӵ۳ϴЦ֮쳹ȫЩϷʵĻôӦսô
˻õĹٴκݺݵĳ˳飬һĨǿЦ˵峤ȣˣ
䣬Уû¶ɫ׷׶ǴŸӵɫǸꡣ
⿴ûķңʵצɷ
Ϊģǰֻ꣬ҪɳһȿµĴڣ
㣬˼ɣ
ৣ
ƵǰˣŲһڳڷԣֵ峤Ҳ
ģҷҶɣ
صķƵļ򣬻һĨڡ
Ƶӵǣʱеȴ˵ӮˣϲȴҲ
ӹȵһеˣǣȡҫȴҵġ
ʱǲʶԼһ壬蹲ļˣ
ǵͷȥĿ˸
峤ⳡǷӮˣ룬Ӧýеڶ˰ɣ
ƽ͵Ŀõķüͷһ
ǰŵЦ⣬֣óһι״΢΢ǱС

䣬Ͽձٴα˺һѷ죬һϵߣЦеĴռ˳
˵˷һһƬףͬˮһţһ͵Ϣ£ͬһ˵ļ䣬ɵģ˶ɥʧ˷
ݼʹ
˹˵ȫǳ߹ȥǵޱȵĳϣ˻ȵĳݡ
ɡ
Ļ˻䣬׹ȫվûаɫ෴ģڵĻȸΪŨҡ
һĻ޲ɫرĴ峤ϵɫϾ亹䡣
Ȼǿľ
꣡
أóһö壬ֱ顣

ֽһƬô׵ıˣһ˴ռڻ˳ڷǰ
˷԰ףƶݿϣͬнľϢǣϸ̽飬ͻѾһˣһǿеһǳȻȥ޹⣬ʱ򣬽κﻹҪ財
Ｘ˶ʶˣǷҵڣҲǷҵĶЩ֧ŷ޷ҵĵλ
Ҳ֪ϹŶѾˡ
ڣ
ӵȫȥиߺ
úã
˴һĨ΢ЦɨһЩӵܣڷͷͣ΢΢ĵͷƺΪ⣬ЦҲŨˡ
ڣϳˣ
һ˿֮⣬˵
޷޷
˵Ц˵ţɨͣڰǸϣɫȻǵʱͬǳһ㣬Զ䣬ס
ңңԣΧĿռƺûаһƬž
ǣҪ谭ҹô
ߵĿˣ͵Ļƺʹļ֮⣬͸¶벻ĲɣӰ˵ڣһЩΪģʹ޳ᣬˣԪĵţϺˮ졣
⻰ɾǽһ˺ڰӪƺǵħĴڲк˼䣬õķ˽Ծɫ


777 ۱
ˣڳ˶Ǻ⾿һʲôȲĿںţΪΪ鸽ǹԣǺڰںڰǻȡ׾ֶν֮𣬴δй⡣
ʱԣѾսˣѾڽ֮Ϊǰ·ϵİʯĿɾڸ·ѡ
һ谭
ڶΪĺڰ谭
Ƿ֮ǰԥѡڶǣڸղŵ֪˹˵ıԺɽ֮ʱ޷ˣΪǿܻԵĴ
ʱλ峤ɫҲǲôÿ·һֵѡ
ΪҪվ˸ˣ
Ϊ۳Ǽǣܹ׵۷
ǽϹʱĹϼ壬ǵļ嶼ԻһʱҪǳǾԲܵ飡
ôȴҲֻһ·ѡ
һˣ
ƿǰһΡȻ޾ֱǸߣ˵ǹ˵ĸˣֻ¾Ҫ˵ǿūһʹɣ
ֻʱķֻ֣Ҫ˵ˣͻʧȥɣȻţʵѾû
ҲΪЩ֮ͽֻҪ˹֮󣬾ͻһƣ˴ŲʵԵɡ
㣬ʵۿɼƴʱǵ˵ǵ
˿ƾʵȴǰԵޱȣֶβ̵ĳ˵ԣû˸ȥŭ
ǴʱƵȴ˺˹ϵαƤҲս
˱Խƣ¸ּңûʲôԣõǼʵľȼô
뵽ӴݻǵŭɶĴŭ⡣
һֱǱҪ£ϣƺ˽⵽˹˾ϴԵˡ
ǲھȼˣܣ
źĵزҲǲ񣡡
ƵĻǴǵҪ𽥵ı䣬Ҳͬһ㣬䳹ǣ嫵ѹӣŷƼ˶
ߣ
ǰһһɢǿѹǰԣ˵ķϻ࣡
㣡
ɫٳǳ˳飬ڵ۳·Ĺ㳡֮ϡ
ڣ
ڷͽʱ򣬷ס
ô
Щɻʵ

ɫЩһֱֻۣһһ˸˸ӨĴ󽣣Ǵĸ˳΢΢ĲŷӵӣϯǣõһĿȫǼ棬ڳ˾㵵ɫ
߱񽣣
һ󽣣Ӷʱһڱ⣬Щľ˫â˸΢΢һ󽣱ǳ֮ϣӦһ֮ݺᣬٴκ߱񽣰
ʲô߱񽣣
ȫ˽ԾȻ˷ҵЩӵǣȫ𾪵ĿǱӨ˸˸ľ޽
߱񽣣˽֪ʲô
ҵ۱
˾ΪһЩ½ǵ˽󣬶ʱǶɵĵһ
ţȻǵ۱˵ҵĵ۱ǧǰʧôôֻˣ
˼ֱԼ۾رλ峤ֱסˣҲûӦһһ˹ʱǽ¶ŵĿ⡣
ѵЩһֱ۱ѩô
жðôһʡ
ϸһֲ̫񣬱ϾԭҿǴڵ۳۷һңûԻٳǣԼ˾
⾿ô£ҵ۱λģ
ɢƵľ޽ʱϰ̬
ЩѾҪˣҪǷҵ۱ع飬ɾʹŷӵұۣһȱϹŵۼң˸ȥǣ

쳤Цֳֵ۱Ļӳһռ䶯ҡ񷾪ɫһĺɫѷڱ̺֮ϣǿռİ̺һ㣬þûк£ģǼΪͨһӣ˹ǿᣬõһ
һնԼϡ
΢΢һ룬ǲɵһӿһɿ־塣
Щѳҵˣɫʱͱжѿˣһͬǳ˻һ㣬ֿɬ
ϣɫѿĻڹˣǽò·ңԼԼҲеͷ
ɫ΢΢˱֮ȴǻָƺ


778 

һХֱ죬ƺҪͱһ㣬ƺѾסĴڡ
嫣ģ
ߣ
㳡İ߼״޵ĺһ֣óһ׹£ͣľһ㣬ԣȫǣ˵ƺܵϴһ㣬̼䣬ȫɢϵһ̹΢΢۾Ȫĸоһ㡣
ˣ
ϣƴ󣬷ͬoڵߣ˿ռ䣬ͬһ㣬ֱӳǹɱ֮ײȥ
أ
죬ռ䶼Ϊ֮ռһŤЩطѿһ˵ĺɫѷ죬ǣ񱩵ľϯƬأûзǿֱӾ縡Ƽһ㱻˳ȥѪ㣬ĸҵ³
ϵһײǿ˹
ǵ۱
оҵţ
۱߱࿹ǵ۱ɣ
зţһƬ
˾ȻҲӵе۱Ĵڣ
۳ϣ˱ɫ
̫ˣ˱Ժɽ磬ҾȻӵе۱ѹƾѾڵ۳ļ֮ˣ
ɫҲϾǳ˸˸ˣֳ߱񽣣һǳڵ۳֮¡
ˣ
䣬һ޴ͼӵ۳·ֶתĪĴϣһּµѹȣϢĴ
꣡
һ̶죬۳·ĿռʱͬһѿƬƬʧһռǰ
ৣৣ
΢΢һǳռ֮ڣңңվ
ʱеĿⶼǼߵϣ˽ȡ
һӾʢ磡
Ĵ峤Ҳ۾գҲգĿţƺ´ĳһϸһ㡣
Ҳ΢ԵЩڳŻ
¡
ûƬͣԼеĵ۱ɱʱռڱǴһը죬Ҳ΢΢Ĳţƺʱܻһ㣬貵Ĺ⻪磬ÿһƣɱʥˣĳײģɫס
սǷ磬Ի飬ʱƺˣΪε½ԭҲΪʥ˲ֵԭ
ʥ޼ɵĴսô½һݣ

һǳսֳ߱񽣣һ貵ӣֱϮǰء
ԣ
߿߶˭ҲľģŵΪ貣޵ķŴ󣬷ƺһoһ㣬죬ϫֱӳȥʱ׹ڵռһƬЩ۾
վڵ۳֮ϣɫ࣬һ˫ͫâ˸˸ֱŲ𶯵ĹƺޣɱӰ

ͬһҫ۵Ĺӹ֮лΧֱӱֱֱĳɱ֮ϡ
أ
ľ쳹쵱УܣѪɣɫֽҰףЩƣԡѪеâҲ¶־壬ݵˣ¶˼ɫ
ˣ
ڣ˶ǿһĻʱǾⶶӿ޷
Ϊ֮壬ֳֵ۱ʤһ

˽ǼĪߺ
Ŀߵ꣬Ǽ
꼰ʱ˵۱ε֪

һɫ
ûԤϵ飬ԭΪѾ׵۱Ϊ˭֪ҵĵ۱ȴͻȻع飬δڸʯˡ
ˣΪҾ谭ҹ˵ĽŲô
˸źâ֣ٴóһöһɷĩ

˻ûӰ֮ܵʱһΪ̶Ƕ쳹
̧ͷȥǱǼͷϵ񷱻һҵĳѷ죬ͬħĴһ㣬޼ʡ
ৣ
ĲһĻˣһȺȺ֮ˣһߵĴͬһѷ֮˳̼䣬ͽ񷸲ǣң滹಻ϣƺ޾һ㣬ġ
ÿһ֮˸Ϣȣÿһͷߣܹ̤еʥˣԵһ㣬֮ھͳʮʥˣ֮ڣ
ã
ڼѷ֮бӿһǿҵĲԤУڿͬȳһӿİˣһʥŷȫڡ


779 
ϣһƬȫˣϢѪɱѹ£˵ֱһЩΪˣѹѹ̱ڵء
ǹ˵Ĵ
˲ĺڴŨŨľ֡
Щˣǹ켺Ѫȫͬûеһ㣬ֻ֪ɱ¾Ѫ˷ָжΣȴûôֲ
ʮʥˣǧȫ𾳽ϵĴͿѹ۳Ǽ壡
Ҫ֪ŵģǾλʥ˶ѣǿңҲ¶ʥ˶ѣǴʱһͶʮʥˣ
˻
ⲻ˵һĴ峤ɫȫѿ˼㡣
ԼҵԼȻÿҶһЩʥˣǣûļӵ˿ֲ
ৣ
ŵЦվڰǰЦɫķ죬һָڣ³ɭĻЩߣ
¡¡
ʱڣʮʥ֣ռһŤƥѹ񷼱
ΰ
ɫ䣬гһ貵С߶ʥ룬Сǣƥʥѹӭȥ
̣
˫ײһ𣬲ǽӴɫҰףһѪ˳еСҲֳһϸ΢ѷ죬ܴ
峤
ȫϾǻҡ
ĿУoһĴڣҲǷҵľ֧ܴ⻹ǵһΣ
ֻ·һ
쳹ǣóһ飬һҳҳʱϰâǣ۴ڣٴαǣ

һٳһγеʥԻ飬ʱͲһ˵ˣŷδϣ
ԣˣ
ˣ
ռڵķƺҲ쵽״۳һǼѪһĻʱ׷ɱߣŲһƣŵ۳ȥ
ߣ
߱ѹŴһʱ䣬ŭ֣ȴʼڷЩ޷ʱƣȻˣʥӿĪʱе缦Ѫһ㱬貶Ŀҫâ𶯿ռ䣬һǿŷĺ׷Ϯȥ

ļˣҲû룬߱񽣣һӣƿգײ֮ϡ
̣
飬嫵ӿϯ˴ڷ汳ϣ׷˳ȥǿµѪɾҲռ䡣
ߣ
Ѫٴһѹǧ˵Ѫɣûսһƿգ˱ʧ޼ʵռ֮ڡ
Ĵ״ҵҲûκԥȫƿնߣû˿ͣ
λ峤˸Ҷң϶͸ҶǣʱģɶǼδ֧һҲʧǲ֮ɶעԸʱã
ǵҲһĪʧԽԽ٣ֻ̣ϡϡһЩվڸ
Ȼˣ
һһ˿
ǰļƻɱҺӵܣȻɱ棬۴ɱ죬ڣѾȫ¶ȴһҲûɣ֪
ৣ
ҲĴռ˳
οǳŵ۱ȴǳԱˣȹ
ʹ
ǰĺ
ʹ
ڽߺƴȫǡ
ȥңǺڰħצĸԴҹ˱е֮
ɨȫǣõµһЩ
ˣȻҪ÷Ҷˣ
죬ڷӿǵĸͨ·̤ѪУʱɱ¾ÿ춼ɱ¾˾ǷһҪ̲ǡ
ͷǺܶģʱ˵ʵֱԶԶĳ۳ļңʱ½ĸֱӸд۳ΪһҶռֱӾͳ˹˵ĴӪȫ
Ҳ뷴ǣԺɽ磬η壬Ϊǳ£ԱҪ˵٣ҲùƴܾˣǲŻ֡
ȻʱҴӪҲܵ˹˵ĴϮҺз˵̽ӻС磬ûɶʧ
һʱ䣬Ҽ˾


780 
ڷ棬죬˸˴һӵܻõķҸǳƲҵ˽ǻ̻̲ǷĹһʯһѹļ䣬õЩ
´ɫҰ׸ﲻϵĿţһڿʺѪľһԣһλҵ켶нҩʦΪΣֻȴûжЧ
ΪӪˣ۱شڼѳǣ
վ´ڵԪϣ¶˵ɫˮݺᡣ
λˣǷҵľˣ֧˷ǧ꣬Σµ£ҵ㣡
ô
λ̫ϳɫҲǲҰֽ
ǿ֪۱Ѿع飬ŵ۱ȴܴأⲻǸ֤˵˵Ŀô
ûܹԤϵ˾Ȼ˵ǿ¡
棡
ԼҲɫҰףվڷǰǵǵʵ棬ˣ
û£ȿȣˡ
һ˵ٴοԣѪڿ³˻֣ʾԼû¡
ܵĴˣѾ켶ҩʦεˡ
죬㲻лҪ˵ôǾ˵ɡ
ӣ԰׵¶һĨ̬ĳ죬񣬶Է˵
ǣ
ǿеıʹתŴˣ԰׵ɫһ࣬ڽеƣ
ڣ
һȻӦһӺĵվ˳ڴмĿյϡ

η꣬ŵ΢ķ£Ż֣ʾȥǰ档
ǣ
Բͣ£Ŀȴͣڷϣ촽ƺлҪ˵
ôˣ
״Щɻʵ
ڡ
ԥ˵ǿѹڵĴˣĴصġ
ţ
Ŀ
ѹƣΡ
ڶĪĿ£ƻߵ˷ߣһ֣ͬҺҩƶʱҩ
켶ҩʦ
ҩһ¶˱˷Ƶݣһ켶ҩʦڶһĨ̾
㣡
濴ǰڵ棬һУΰɡ
˵գѹƣʱɫɳٴתףһʺѪٴ˳õ˵ٴ
ৣ
ûԥָ˷ϣһũҩһҳҳͬϪһҩԴָ˷ڣ뱳һǿ˿һĲʳš
ɫ΢תһĨϲ
۱Ƿ죬ûҲԲָܻѸߣûôʱˡ
ֻǷŲڵķң
ǣû뵽켶ҩʦҲûа취εĴˣȴа취⣡
ķһ԰׺ˮģҲҪֹȴǼڵľǿ
ৣ
ּ䣬óһִֻ򿪣һöӣƢҩƮͬʱҲһȵõ紦¯һ㡣
ӣ
һԵ켶ҩʦϳöӵʱ
ʲôҩ
ڶʱһĨ㵡
ǲҩʦȴףҩʲôĴڣҩ֮еļƷҩֻӵ켶۷ҩҩʦܹõĵ
ʱвɵ˿
ѵ켶۷ҩʦ
ϣ˷˶¶ϲڴɫ
ûκԥƱֱһöҩ̷ȥԭ԰׵ɫǵͨ죬ǿɫ
ˣ
ڣũҩһҳҳӡгҩҳͣʱͬҽһҩܵǣֱûҩ֮ڣҩϵһҲĻ֣ʵĴһ㡣
ͨҩԣע뵽ҩöЩ۳ʵҩڣʱҩǻζ
ΣҩҩԾȻûرֱֿҩ֮ڣ

ũҩһҳҳţɢ貵⣬̹ҩϵҩΪʵˣңһ㵭Ļ
켶нˣ
ŴʱҩԵǿȣһųҩҩԣעڣʱͬһҩԾռϷ磬Ʋ΢ĺ˿ӽָóһҩۿɬȫԲڼĵҩԡ


781 
´֮ڣʱž˵ĿⶼǴЩڴɫǵӰ
ʱֻзǰ߿⣬ǷشΣôҽԶ뱻ĵز
ڣУһĨ𡭡
˭Ҳûϵ꾹Ȼ켶۷ҩʦҪǣȻܹε۱Ĵˣ
һ뵽㣬ڱ˸
ܹε۱˵ҩ䣬峤Ҳδ˵

ãƲ˿ջƣɫָƽķ˵ڣڵĴ˻ѾȹˣμΣͿԳ׵ˡ
ţ
ŵЦ˵ͷǰ꣬һĨͬǳĹ
֮֮꣬⣬ãǰƺֹǵ֮ô򵥣
⻰˲˿жص
ڴʱɲаأضϿӣ꣡
ϲģ
峤ˡ
Ʋŷʵ
Ȼ˵
ǿһЦ΢΢˿ѹڴ˵궯ת´ɨȫǿ˵λʱѾ˵Ƶ˰ɣ
һ仰õоϲĿ⻺İȥһ˫˫˸Ÿӵɫ
ӹȷ֧ǻǲܳͻ
ǿ֪˭
ѹеļ¶صʵ
⻰õĳ̫ϳһãȻзףѵʲôԲɣ
ʱ˶ǴĪɫ
ƣǷĵմ
ͬһڴ쳹ͷЩ£ҲЩӦ
棬÷ְֺ޵һˣһз˻ģûѪڷң
㣬˻ܹȷģֻǣȴһվŲŷʵѵ߱ģ
߱񽣣۱
һըһڴըˣһȻ׾ʲô¡
û
صĵ˵ͷ͵۱ǰѾعˣֻǣΪɱι˶ҷʵжϣΪ帽ǽͷݣҲŹ
ʲô۱Ѿعˣ
ȫһƬ

һӵڳȥһ˫˫ĿⶼǴȵɫڷɢϵľ޽֮ϣ
߱񽣣
ΪҵԪϲ㣬Ϊҵĺĵӣû˻᲻ʶ߱񽣣ʱһȫǾϲĪһݺᣬʳ
ˣ
ڴڱʵܹ
գڵ۳Ǵȣնɱ̫壬󣬸˿ⲻ£ΪҷȡʮȫʤΪҷҴҫ
߰˵õЩ֮ٴγȥ
ǰЩӲˣҷڶµĵһѵǼ˲ûɱ¼ɡų⣬ҪЭա
𽥵ĴŲɨȫʹ˵ǧǰȫ屻ŭͷԣȻΥµѵȥżӹȷ֧ˡҺܲҲΥѵ˵֧ûһΪ˵ְ𡭡꣬޾źȥѪ⣬ûϸȥѰңȴеĹжӹȷ֧ͷϡ
ʱҲһУĺ˿ǰһŷ˵ӣܿˡ
Щ죬˸ϵϴ֮⣬Ӷ޷Լе
ڣ˶ǵͷȥڣȫεɫǽҧ촽ѣһЩǸѪ
棬峤λף
Ƽ״վ˵˼ʧ۱ѣ˾޴ʧˣǻܹˡ桭ƸмǶһˣǵĿģΪ˷ܹǿʢˣܲ˵ѹ⣬ֱܹͦ˵
ܹ˿ڶһĨҡ
꣬Ƿֹ֮츳ҪԳ죬ͨ
úӣ
˸ỨصķƵļ򣬡˵Ķԣһˡ
˵ţתصĴӴ˿λҪμһ㣬һˣÿһ˶Ӧһ˵ӦΣΥѵߣ洦ã


782 
ҴӪ֮ϣһͬĻһƬϽСڣĻ֮⣬һƬۣ飬ʮˣ
أ
ͬĹĻ֮ϣһϸСķľǸǾĿĻʱƴѾû˺أǵԼļˣ

һƿ֮԰Ϊףʮʥȫ˳ĻڵķҴӪǶǹԳĻȡ
ǿѾ֮ˣ
ΨһܹԿߵķ棬Ҳشʱ޼ɵˣ
ˣ
߼ɬѶģʢһo˳죬ΧĿռ䶼ǱˣγһŤĲơ
̣
ƥֱĻ֮ϣľ죬ҴӪ̧ͷһǼͷǲιޱȵĻϣȻֳһɲݣңþûָܻ
ѵǵ۱
ܶ˶뵽ȥʱɫҰףڳſ־Ȼ
ʱ´Ҳ׷׶˳̧ͷһǿĻʱɵȫɫһ䡣
Ӻõ
ǻŭ𣬻ǳ֮߱񽣣һֱӻĻİߡ
ǷҴ˵ϣĻǳۣ֮е۱ؿɹҲǷĸܹԭ
̣
Ϯ߻æģײȥʱ貵ĹΧĿռ䶼ѿһڿɲĿӣһЩ̫İ۴ʱ꣬һѪĻϷ֣һ֮䣬˱Ѫĭ
㾹Ȼû£
ߣ˵ӶҪɳˡ
ǿۿ汻شŲǼʱȻͻָˣ
ҴӪڵȫǾĪȫǿ´
ſڣԪǸǼĪݺᡣ
ʱҲΨе۱ܱסˣ
ھУǿ⣡

Ʋˣ߱񽣣ٴλһ貴˻ϢӣնǼʮʥˣŵһȫڰ󣬵ǣǴЩ۴ȴûôˡ
ϼһбٴսһ
ֻܴ߶񣬱ķǱİ۴ֱţ
ߣ
治мһռƲãֱ˷ѣϵĻӶ߱񽣣նһӰĹ⻡רųЩ۴ܼĵطɨȥһʱ䣬һʢѪȴĻ֮չÿһζǳɰǧ˱նɱѪĭ䡣
ô£
ҴӪ˸ǸеĪ׾Ƿʲô¡
۱⣬ѵҷҵ۱عˣ
һЩ˾ʱȫ𣬳´ȥ
Ǵ̨֮ϣһϤˣֳһӨ޽һϢµӡ
۱
ڵ۱Ѿÿһ˵꣬ʱǶԶԶĹȥиߺˮݺᡣ
˵۱ǵڿϣ
һȣĻĹɫȴǼȵǲϼٵİ۴һġ
ʹҵ۱ع飬ڿؿɹҿǻ˻ɣ
ɬĶ߱ŭİ
ҽһҪң
߱۾߶񣬺嫵ȥһӣֱӻĻ
룡
λᱻóѣ
Ļǿµ۱ϵĻ򣬾ͻΪǳ֮Ӧ϶ѿ
ҲΨһı׶ˣ
̣̣
߱ӭһ޴ĳİ߲ϵĺˣŭҲ޼¡
ΪԣҪȷһߣֻƣ͸Ӳˣ
ҾͲǾͲڹǣ
䱩ŭĻ˺ѿռ䣬˼ǧ߰۴ʬ壬ʣİ۴ȫߣ䣬Ļ֮ϱǻָƽ
۱
˼ȫۼ´㳡ߺĪ
ҷҵǣ۱ѾɷƴطңԺҷе۱ӻҲþκˣ
쳹ҴӪ߽Ծ򵹣رӹȵˣǼ棬ȫ˷糾Ժ⡣
һ粨ǽˣǣͬһɽһѹڷҸ߲ϣЩϢ
ΣʵԶԶûн


783 Ψһĳ·
۳ΪβҶˣʵԭܼ򵥡
Ժɽ磬ڵϣԶԶǵ۳ļܹģʱֽɱиǿｵ٣ɽǿ޷ҶĲҲﲻ
ڣƾԵĵ̣άȻûκ⣬ιܵϢǶ֮ǸǷˣǣǿʼ۳ǵλá
峤ۼһ𣬱ǿʼȫ֮ߡ
ˣǾԲңĻ£֣˸ϳǣûκ⡣
㣬Ҳ
ԣҪô˸ϳ۳ǵʱ򣬹˱ɳʹȥ֮ڣֱǷ˾޶޷ܵУһͬǩԼȴַܻϿ֮ȵһϵҷĵС
һδ䶯˼ȻûжҵĸǣǣҲǵ
Щ뵽޶֮Ҳһֻ۱һֻˣֻҪַǵ棬Ǿ͵ʲôҲûǣҲۣע˵ķչһЩ׼ҪͶ˵Ҳϳֽ֮
Ҳֵĺ֣ܰҲûʲôСͬǰһˣ˭Цӭ
ĴֹºƽദȻ䣬ȴǽҵ۳ǵĵλ޳ˡ

Щ飬ȻõϢԴȴҲް취ɽڵķܹƳġ
֮ڣ棬죬̫ϳϣƣۼһ
ģѾǽƵܹƽƽˡ
ƾģһ㣬ܹε۱Ĵˣ
ڷ콫ƵһЩ˵֮󣬷ֱǽƵǼδ
̫ϳǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣƣԻΪǵĴڣ˵ǳ顣

صĽ۳ǵ˵꣬ʱ֮ڱ˳ŵС
ʵ壬ǶǷǳ˽⣬Ҳµ˻Ľ֣Ҳû˭¶顣
˾Բһ򵥵кɽĵ̣ҪԸƾڵʵ޷ĵ
̾ϢһƵ˵
ɽ硭
üͷһ뵽㳡ȳֵǸӣüͷɡ֡
̫ǿˣǿ޷ɣˣںɽĹûдɵģУ˳䣬ҶȻҴ棡
ⲻõȡ
峤ҪôܶԿˣ
һ̫ϳϳʵ
ǡɽд֧ǷңȻ˸޷
ҡҡͷ˵
ɽ
һĨ⣬ͬʱҲǽĿת
칬
ǾԵĴ϶ܹںɽͷ
ܹ칬֧֣ôͲٵˣǣ
ͨɽͨĴʵ̫ˣңҷѾ۳ǣûʸʹˡ
Щͷɥ˵
ѵ½ֻһͨô
Щʵʵ
ϹŴսѾٵͨڣֻе۳ǣǣһͨ
һԽ͵ǵâơ
Ҳһͨ
һϲһĨ
޾֮·
ܵģϹʱھѾַ˺һֱͬˮǲܽͨ
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ
أ
ƽԼϵСק˳ǰ

һ۾˳˷ϣλ̫ϳҲǾ
ӵпռ츳ڣΪ׽ǴۣҲû˵ӵģԼĿռ츳֮
ٻӾˣ޷ˮеȥᲢۡ
໣
һ˫˫ĪĿ⣬С̧ףХһߵ¶ϯҡ
Ϊȴǲܸλʲô鷳
죬ȷԽǡ
˳񣬲ǴЩϲ˵
Ϲ֮µĺᣬ壬ǿǱ֮Ϊʥ޴ڣ
ôһ˵˶Ǽ
ǿһڡ
ǡ
üͷЩǵĿơ
꣬ҿʧ𰡣ɽɲôûˣľԶԶ½ܹģ
峤ģһϢģ
Ƶر֤ͻأģԺһӰǳڱڵӰ


784 
ǸӣǷƼǿߣãǷŵ۱ҲӵĶ֣
Ȼûʵļʶ˳֣ǣֱԼ˷ǳȵĿ£
ӦԺɽɣ
΢΢һĨ⡣
ܾãӦòǸպ·ء
ܹõİ
ͷһȴ־ò̫ʵҪԼΪμڵȴأ
ִҪȥɽ磬Ҳûֹ
ϾҲֻһ·ˣڣ۳ͨû취ʹãֻȥǣ˷ƣûܹ赽ͨ
Сģ
ҧҧ촽̾һӦҷԸһԵĴȥ׼֮ͨ
ɽΣճ̶ȣҲжţһЩżϸмأԷƴʱ۷徳Ϊʵǵǰ
ţ
ƵȻһЦǿ棬֣óһ˵ڣʹõ۱Ԫаġ
ʲô
Щɻ󣬵ҲǽӹУִ֮һ˾ܰ˳˶¶һܵ顣
ǡι
Բ۾
ȻϴηϸλҶȴûмλȼƷʥ
ڣƣ˶¶Īɫ
Ǵ½һڵļƷʥǵĹŵ۾ժö˸֪ʥĴڣ
һöιֱӷþҩİҲûκ⣡
⼸ɾ൱һλʥ˵İԪ
صļƷʥΪλУ
һĨɻ
ͬʱ뵽˴˵ϸȥܹʥ
ʱһĵһ
겻ǽذɣ
Ͽǰʧ˵뱱ժȡ߲ɵ뵽ǲҲأ
ǣǾͿֲˣ
ǿֻд۲ܽĽذ
̫ˣҲҪ
ȹ󣬷ҡҡͷָУ˻
ڣⶫ⻹У°ɣңȱ
һ˵ţȴõһ顣
ǻУ
жһͷ
Сϴأ
ҲһЩĿɿڴĿѿʵѵСλҶҲģ
һ仰õ̫ϳֱʯˣ
һﲻϴذɣ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷֱӳҲûСóУֱ͸ϡ
λ
ϴֱ֮ӱǾ˿ŸڵλҲ˵ֻϣţȴǺֱӽ
ܼӹȻǸĲ˰ܼҵϰߣ
СӶԸλļ񣡡
ֿ˵
ô˼أ
ҲһĨЦ⣬Ȼô˵ţȴǲɫĽλҲͬ
ʱǵĿǷ˴ǸλϰڷŵС
ȿȣ
֣ȴ˵ϲڣˡ
˵ڳڶһĨġ
һֵĶûó˵
Ȼվûܴõλڸ˿֮֮ͨŤŤֵûߣ˵వʾĻƲˣҲûСָһλȥ

֮ڡ

ռѿһӴݵĴѷ˳
ʲô£
ǰƽɽֱӿʵ
Ҹܵһɶĵζ
૵Ĵųصζ
ʲô˼
΢΢һС
ǣǽʲô˵ӪһˣŶĵϢһɣĶܳˡ
˵ĪĻӶ֮⣬¶
Ǹط˵ǣЩĵĶ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˹ⲻܰԷӡôܻܳ
ߣ
غһŻϢҲϴӦʲôطˣȥ鿴鿴еһʲôƨ˵ͷӦҵһЩõĶ
š
΢΢˵ͷȥ鿴ӡûɶ
ˣ
ƿռʱ򣬴ֽסСӾҪȥɽˣҪעעļʲôƨˣȻԺӾͲùˣ


785 С֮
ǼȥˣƲûмŸȥǣӷҹȥСʱ㹻ˣȣʱ䣬¶ˣԣ㵽ʱȥ
ּ츳ڱУּ֮ҲٴǸҲеһƴ
ЩһֱӹСΣʱûȥЩĵ顣
һȥ֪Ҫʱˣɽ綨Σ֣ʵ޷Ա֪ԼܹܲŻ
ƺҲ쵽һЩʲôЩĳҲ࣬⵽õĳ˵֣ЩԸˡ
죬Сνжҩֶ֮ҩȫ˵ĵˣ߾Сηñͷ
֮ʥմҲΨһ;ǣżСȴҪ̷֮塣
˵ţƭ˵ģԣ߲һϣ죬׼Сηá
Ժڡ
ףҪԿô
СοһС۵СཱུϸߣһĲԸ
һγԿŶ
̾һȥһĨǿЦȰο
һΣ
ԣСĴ۾һڴĿߡ
š
ǿĳһЦ⣬˵ͷ
Ү
Сζʱ͸˵ܵߵԣƲϵҡΣףǸζ԰ɣԺͲóˡ
˴СŮвɵһʹ߶һۣ΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ζҪ֪ô
óװбͷĺٴν
ףΪʲôҪأѵܿô
СһĨɻǺɵʵ
ţܿ࡭
ߺǼѵĵ˵ͷỨ
Ŷ
СƺҲоԼ׵ı仯Ӧһǽӹ˺ӣ򿪣һɫСڷ棬һСС۾һǽ֮С
ʱƵĶСҲӷ촦ðͷһ˫Ĵ۾µĿһĻ
СξȻûа˲һС
ɫСɢϢûа⣬·Ұһ㣬СαҪһڳ£ǼǴŽŵĿ⣬ժһ꣬ŽС֮ڡ
𣡡
ڣСα۾һҸûԥֱӽһ䱱ͷȥ
ĺ𣡡
֮С۾ЩڴĿߣƺҪԡ
˿ʱͻ
ˣ
һƳֹϵСڴ˳ཱུСһĨɫ󣬱ǱĮޱȣûаĸ¶˫ĨڣһСħŮһ㣬ġ
ô£
ƶʱͽũҩ䷭ҩѹƣȴһԵס
ζڿ϶塭
߽ŵĿŻڹСΣвš
Ѿۼٰ㶾ԣСε϶壬Ǽˣ
Ǿ˵ζܹƿ϶ˣ
΢˿ЩĿʵ
϶壬һм֮۶ɵУȻƲеȴǺУἫΪ
磬ڵС
ݹżϵļأӦ
Щôȷĵ˵ͷ
Ȼżмأȴֻ˵жҩ֮ƿ϶壬ǣȴһֱûܹӵϵʣ˵֤ʵˡ
ңͷڽ֮ڣû취룡
ˣҲûκΰ취ֻܽŵվȴŽ
ðͷСȴǸȤˣ˳վڷƵļͷϣûȥСΣڳƵ񷣬ƺڴЩʲôһ㡣
ˣ
ϣڹСγһںڵĹ룬ڣƺڽϴһ㡣
ڹΪ֮ɫģһɺƥĴϣںڵĹڲϵĵϯܡ
˿
׼ķƣŷũҩҩԣƬڣֹ綾ӡ
ʱӹڵҲ˳Ļȫ¶顣
ǾǷʲô飿
ǱͬҺҩֵںڹ룬˾ʵ
ǣȴûΪ𡭡
ֻҲһԵСԺ˳Ļͫײ΢΢һ¶𺳵ɫ
϶壬Ȼ⣿
ૣ͸¶ŨŨ⣬ɫǾ۾ֱֱϵĳһط


786 ǿĺ
ҵϿգΪҪ˵ͻȻϮɱԣĻһֱûйرգӨӨ˸˸ͬ췱ǡ

ͻأģڷҵϿգһΪ̶ƿ쳹һڵѷĻ֮ϣһں֮ڵӴѷ֮ڻ˳
ڹ󣬵ռ䣬ϢʮֵĺˣƺͶԿҡһ㡣
֣̫ϳ϶ǴӸӳ׷񷣬ǾɫǺܺÿƺ֮У˸Ǿ޴ѹһ㡣
ҵˣҲǽΪǶȷ˻᲻ǹġ
ף
˸ûЩɨһȦ֮ĿǷӹŵںڹ֮ϣûԥһȴǱĻ裬ǰвˣʱ׳ǰĻһĨ졣
ҷصأȥ
ǳ֮ӿǳս񣬿ƴ𶯲񷡣
е˼
˲ǵһۣ׻һ¶𺳵ɫں˲ûȥǽעĻ֮ϣһζĻȡ
꣡
֣óһڵĳϣ˸ںڵǿ⣬ɭƥǣƵĻ֮ϣ΢΢һʱ۱ҲûƵĻȻڵĳһɲѷ졣
ৣ
һĻ֮ڣֱӹȥ
һĻзˣڶ¶޾ľ֮⡣
ĻǷǳµģϹͲ֪ҵȥ˶ٴνѣδ˻ܹƻǴʱȴǱһ֪ǳĳˣ
Ӷң
ԶԶδһӱǴԶϮŵµֱ˵ؿڡ
ߣ
һһһĨâһ죬ǱɫĳٴУһӭӡ

ɭĺâʣ貵ӣֱӾͱ룬ڷ澪㵵Ŀ£˵Ŀһۣ𳤵ӹڡ
ৣ
ȻһĻֲޱȵĺСΣû˿ԥһǰе·ϡ

䣬֣óӡֱӼһ貵Ĵ𣬻쳤Х
һ𾳽꣬˿⣬Ҫһȿʱ򣬱ǿ˷еӡ
貵Բ̣һ·˸ĪĹϣģ
ӡ
΢ľһ¶һĨ𺳵ɫѾƽֱ΢΢һɨۣǿ˷ƼͷС򣬼СĨԻЦ⣬ͫ͵һ𣬻ë˾ٴһ㣬ֱӾУΪĿС򣬺ˮ˳ջ䡣
֣ƺʲôµĺˮһ㣬ʮֵĹ졣
Сûһ㷢ҵĹǳգգ۾õ΢΢һ㶣ųĺˮð
ৣৣৣ
棬죬һ̫ϳ϶ȫӹڡ
֤ǽĳˣ
ǰĻҲ΢΢ȻЩ׾Ƿʲô¡
ʱûſڷƼͷСǿǣŷơ
ʱǲˣѵܱȳŵ۱ķ滹£
Լͬ˳ź˵Ŀ⣬ǿСһķʱͻһ޹ɫƺʲôҲ֪һ㡣
ǣԽˣƾԽɣʱҵһ¡
ǰ׻ܷˣȻηͷСޣ
һ﾿ʲôͷ

ʲôˡΪôҷصأ
ֳ߱񽣣˫貵ǳƳ嫣һɫź˱ƽ
кԼĪĺ˵Ķ֣֣ұضʧأ
˲ûȥĿСƵķӦһĨâƺЩʲôĿǷŵСϡ
ߣ
Щ˻ƵӺڴ˳˳ָСλ˵⡣
ⲻܣ
ɫһ䣬ֱӾͷˣҲŮģǣҵʬ̤ȥ
սڣηֱźˣһ顣
Ů
⻰΢΢һĿɨ벻ԶһҰ׵ߣʱƺʲô䣬ǿС¶Ĺ컡ȣʱ͵ĳ˳顣


787 ˱
ҪߣȻزۣ
ӵһ۷ƣ˳˳Į˵
زۣ
һ˸ſֻţź˻ܵģζѾٰ綾ܹƿ϶壬ôܻزأһƭҪζҸ㣬Ҳóѵģ
֮ʧ̬ԴСεĿţܾѵŮٳˡ
϶壿
˻һʱȫ˽һ㶣棬죬һ̫ϳϣڶ¶𺳵ɫ
ֹϵʣΪϹķңһЩ伮Ҳᵽ
ഫo϶棬ʣ
Ȼ϶壿
ϣ죬Ӷһۣǿ˶Էڵ𺳡
ʱףΪηҪռҩ֮ˡ
ףΪηƻ뱱ˣ
һУΪǰڽĳɱСŮ
϶壬ⲻ˵ǰСŮΪ϶һĴڣ
һ뵽㣬ǲɵĵһӿ޷ѹֵļ֮顣
ѵܹһλoĴô
Ѿ˷ѺܶʱˣߣȻᶾ䱬壡
ûȥЩֱӶŷ˵š
Ȼֻзƣֵ˼ɣϸ˵վڷƼͷĳòضꡣ
䣿壿
Ƶɫֱ৵Ĳ԰һƬ˸ǻ
ָоǰ˵Ӧʵǣ
תͷߡ
۾죬ˮǰ
߶
ЩǵĿ֣סǱС֡
û¡
߳ǿһЦǶź˵ͬȥôζСұչ
߶
һץס˫ۣҵĵôҲ˵ɵأζµģԲµġ
ƣ
ɫ΢΢һ࣬˵˫ûӣһĨůŲ˵ʵ˴˶Բԣ
߶ҡ
ǰ˫ӣ˵
ȷ˵ʵ飬ΪǿûҪԼ˵ѡ
ƣһĸס
ڷỨ԰׶˵ϸһĨ糺죬Ҳһϸķǣڲζעô
ҡ
һϯõķƿԣ˫֣Ҳ
ȷҶġ
߶ûãûбζ
죬˵ҲŲ
ı֤ΪԵı֤ʱȴҪΥˡ
ƣⲻĴ
һᣬƣŷƵգ˵Ѿĺܺõġ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼꡭ
ҲаųǴΣԭԼ޲ߵ飬׾ٵľͽˡ
ҲڰӰħǴΣеԼ⡭
һδεĸжˣ
ǵģ𣿡
ӿϺƣЩߵֱӣЩʵ
һģ
һѽ뻳УӵţƺҪ֮ڣһһ㣬ϣ͸¶޵ľģһǣģ
˶ǾĿһĻû˳
ҵ㣡
߽޵ڷһڣƿ
ʱѾûйʱԥˡ
Դô
ٴصĶźʵ
⡭
üһ壬ԵЩԥˣϸһɨ֮ڱһĨ⣬ԣ
лˣ
߱ŷƣˮ
һͷһͷ᲻ˡ
˵Ŀһ۷ͷСɢһǿСڣ𣬳Ļ֮󣬱ͻռ䣬ƿնȥ
а⣬һ㣡
ĻãƵһۼͷµС򣬵ĮĻ³õĳֻСһȴǹ֪˷Ƶڡ
棬һڳк֮󣬷ƱǽԼķ֮ڣһûгţֱڶ죬Ƴֱ˷糾ڡ
ףҪˣ
Щ˸е˵һĨ
ǻһʱô
һԵǰĵʵ
֪ԷƵһĴ
һһЩҪ
ǿһЦţףǷİɣζ߶һǻģΪҵļˣ
ᶨƣ


788 ٹĹ
һ죬ΪСε϶壬뵽˺ܶ飬ǸصĺɫСӵĳ
ǰΪ粻ڣѾ۷壬ңҲֻһ֮츳ĿǰӦѾǴﵽξ۷壬ͼǴĹĹѾʲôˡ
Ҫǣһͷ
ԣô˻ȥһ˺żǴĹĹûйļأ
˷糾أֻصסֻأһͬ˷ס˵֮󣬷Ҳûжס߱񽣻һӣСռ䣬źǰ

ż۰ǡ
ԴĹĹ󣬾һֱûôͣÿ춼ǰȥʱûһ飬ԣǱǾԣ
һۣȥˣʱ϶ӣҲѩһǴѾʮλǿ߼ˣĿǰ㣬Ѿ٣
ƻãǾҪˣ
꣡
ĺӰӾ۰ӷɳֱӳһȥ
鰼ѾһأΧĴأǳְɫһ޴ѷ棬ǿɲ
أ
𣡡
޺𲻶ϣԶ֮ڣȫǻޣȳǧ֮⣬ʱƺҲ쵽ʲôһ㣬Щ궯඼ǳŹĹӿȥ
ৣ
⴦Ͽգ˲ֻͣʮվǰ档
Ƕξǿߣ㣬Ĺ֮Ӧûͷ׵ĻޣʮһսĻӦò̫⡣
ְɣ
˵ģǺʥ
Ѿξ۷壬ΣҲΪ

óһƷԪһɭĽ䣬Ⱥ֮ڣʱѪɽһ֮£ʮͷھĻޱնɱ
¡

˷׷׳֣𾳽ǿҲǶֿʼϵĻޣһʱ䣬ĴǴ޺֮ѪĴɽͬĩյһ㡣
ϵĲ࣬ǵķ΢΢ǲŹĹܣǳ䣬ЩĻޣûȥʱŸĻͬһ㡣
ʱãǣʮλȴûзɾ裬ǵĿһֱڹĹڴƺڵȴЩʲô
ʱ
裡
һƺһͷģ׺Ϭţ޴ӹĹ֮ڿ˳һ·ϣһЩ޶֮±̤Ѫ
ξ޴ͬһСɽһ㣬һ˫ټţ۳һƬϢƣġ
¡
һأʱµĴرֱݣͬĲӣΧĻ޶ǵߵᣬɳϬţڿնͷϳ罣һǣǳžͽһɱȥ

أ

Ϭţ޿ӱأжȴʮֵ鶯Ⱥǣ㣬ǳɱ˵ÿһ䣬̼䣬ʮ£
ȥ
Ϭţ޹ԼЩרȺ꣬ڴĴʱЩǱͬˮһ㳯ԶȥҲͣ
꣡
Ϭţ޾޴ıǿŰɫһ˫۾ɨΧЩΧԼʮˣƺڼƻЩʲô
̣
Ȼģһ棬ʮǳ𣬷ֱϮʮˣʱһս⴦ϿĻ
ʮվĸλǽԶ̹Ϭţ׷˭˭룬㣬һʱϬţӴ֮ϣһɲѪۣȴûʲô취档
໺𣡡
ʱ򣬴ӹĹ֮ٴδһ޴ŭ
ǵڶͷĻ޾ȻҲˣ
ãˣ
ɫޱ䣬һǼٳԶȥҲɢ롣
ʮˣһͷĻ޾Ѿܳˣͷǵ³ǼΪң
ʱϬţҲƲˣֱһǿ׷ȥû׷ϣһ֮£ǿ̤߱ˣѪȥûȺ֮ڡ
³֪
𣡡
һͷʨҲӹĹ֮˳ŭ죬ֱΪǿϡ
ã
ܵǱĿ⣬һ𣬸Ǽӿٶȿ壬ͷҲһء
ʱ򡭡
໣
һͻأĴХ죬ǧʱڵĻ޶¶֣׷׶ǹȥͷĻҲͣ˽Ųͬһ


789 Ĺ
Хֹڵڶ޻̻̲˸ҡ
ǿǴ˵еޣңóľûٶȣˣмܹģ
໣
һͷ޴ĺҡקŴ׳ˣƶƬͬףһƬͬ죬޴צǿƺһץץƿռ䣬Ⱥޣ쳤ХӣĻȫǻ̻̲ſȥͷ­̧ͷ
ϬţʨҲĿ¶ţ߿һ𣬲ĵͺţ˫۾ֱֱͷЩ̻̲
λߵѹ֮ԻܹվţΪ빲
ˣ
һЩˣٳûзһǷںɫͷ­֮ϣȻվӰʱ˾
ˣ
ʱԶǾλҲǵͷ
ôܣ
ͷϵӰ¶𺳣ֱǲԼ۾
ƣ
ҲǻعͷϸһȻǴͷ֮ϵЩ죬˳ʱһ
ǰʱ䣬Ϣоʥ˽ٽ˷ңңңһʱ䣬ִӻƼƿն
ôһӦþȻˣ
ʲô
Ŀ£
޷⣬һӵʥ˵ļ壬ѵССżڻҪĶ
Ҫ֪ǸʥЩʳСżۣǵĿⶼǷ˸ӹϵżϣ

ɢȥɣ
Ѫȵĳ棬üͷûдɱ飬ǶСԸһ䡣
໣
ԣСٴγХһƺڴʲôʱڵĻɴ⣬ͬɫˮһ㳯ŸɢȥĹ֮ڣҲϵӿȺǷ׷׳ߣҷͷ˼
ΨһûжģͷϬţʨˡ
߿һ˫㲻ٵأĿֱֱķСϣзƺ֮ƺЩʣԸʹȥ
ܹоͷƺԼǿ˶١
ֻ֣һһͷΣ
ǵƣ΢΢նȭͷ¶һĨаȵĻȣһԵֻʵ
ãɳˣ
ৣ
ֻûлػֱ·ͷʨȥ磬Ӱֱӳھʨԡ
𣡡
һС⾹ȻҲԼʨ޶ʱŭˣſѪڣֱӳֻصͷ­ҧȥ

âۼʣ˸ûʲôʱʱֻرѾصͷ֮ϡ
أ
·ͷʨ޵ĶȻֹǴִͷ­ѪͬѪһΧĵ涼Ⱦˣһ죬Ǿ޴Ȼأҵĳ鴤һֱ֫û˷Ӧ
˻
龰õԶ˲ɵĵһھһƬ֡
ܹɽѾǶľʨޣǲ˵пλܣ
ðɣӮˣ
ǱŵķɱϬţޣǳ˳飬Ҳûȥ׷
ĮļһȷǸɱ
аʥӣһбƷͷ֪ǳĻޣҲһиͷ­ֽһбˮ֤ʵĲ
ɣһҪɱԼԼܹô
⻰ֻصǹ߳һĨǳǳĻȣƺҲһ㡣
ȥȥң
˵һƱԾȥֱ붴ڡ
Զ˼ĻûҶҿ
ͷɱ񣬿ɲǳصģ
߽˹Ĺ֮󣬷żе·һ·ӣûʱĹĹǰ档
ΪڸǴ󱻻٣ԭȵĶѾ򿪣һĶڳڷǰ

ĺ˿һվڼͷС߽ͫĶڡ
һ죬˼֮һƬڷǰ
һϵĹĴǶ侧Χһڻ
һսս֮ڣսĴʬҰ׹ۣѻɽһЩħЩʬ֮ɱţɱϢõķһݡ
⾿ʲô˵Ĺأ
ɨܣ˿һڻƲջĿ⣬ĵļ̨֮ϣڷһɢϵĹľ
ףΪλĪǿ߻ԼĹѨ֮ɷıڻأѵսģҪǣڵСӣǴʲôطõģ
Ÿ̬ƻ߹ľ


790 
ĹŹףɲӨ˸ԶԲԽ߽ͷһѹ֮ʮףȻЩŲˡ
Ȼѹ
Ȼ߹Źڳ𶯡
ѹԲһӵеģ
ӻĹѾҪ԰㣬ƣܹĥƽһУѹܱ񣬸˵ĲͬѰ֮
ѵȻһλʥ˲ɣ
һһĨȻ
ҲǣⷽĹ֮ڣȻӵжĻޣ֤ĻҲǴܾ磬Ȼһͷ֮ӣ룬һܹ׽ģ
˭ܹĵôһƫԶĵطȻһλĹʥˣ
ǰðˣ
ƹĳŹ׹˹֣תսսĶ籡ɢѹѵĻǰš
Խǿƾ;һѹһ㣬ѹ֨죬ã
ǿ
ҧǰУսڳ壬һ񽣣ܹɱһС
սһİǣǿǿ
ѹԽսԽߣֻҪǿĵΪֻҪ޾һеģսͻ಻ᱻѹ壡
ʱܹоŹɢѹǿȣѾǴηԼ̽ˣңԽǽӽŹףѹԽǿ̶̵ʮףÿһһ㣬ԿԽ
ǣ
һ˫֮ͫھս⣬սȻȻתͬһϹս޾ηǰڣ߹Źǰ
Сӷƣ֮أҪǰˣ
߹Ź֮ǰƹȥݾߵǵλվһֳŹ׸ȥ
һƬ׸Ǿһǧ꺮һ㣬꣬ƵֱӾͽһ㺮΢΢һһ˫ʱʧȥɣ걻һ㣬ľګ
վͷСֻһۣΣڹľǰ߹ľĹݡ
ֻǣȴû˿һС
ˣ
ֻǰһڣͷһƬ۾֮һƬ貵Ĺǰ
ģ
ɨܣΧǰããһƬͨ͸ʲôط
ǹŹ֮ڰɣ
ƺ뵽ʲô΢΢һ¶𾪵ɫ
ԼƺǴǾ߹ŹףԲʱһëȻ亹죬ɨܡ
һʱȥˡ
ô
ΧûκεƴŵӽһûлƺûоͷǱ޾ĿռûΧһƬţɵһƬκ
ô
һֱţͫȴɿ͸Աߵİģɻò
֪˶ãģһɾϮԺȥ۾
س磬绯żʳ硭
ߣҲż֮岻ܳܡ
𼫡ľ׼˾żΪ֮ʼ
֮壬л֮֮壬
֮䣬һЩ翵϶ĴƵԺڣƺڽЩʲôԺģ̫ףǣЩȴͬӡһ㣬޷ǡ

硣
ڹŹ֮ǰ˫գׯϣżдһЩģķĹ֮쳹ϡ
תۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˡ
ֻСͷ֮ϣĿ񣬶ΧһвŲʣԶȺԽΧԽ࣬⣬м֮ڣǶ
ģ
Ǵ˵еޣȰΪ֮ף˵ʹڹż棬˸ǻĴڣ
Ϊûٲ׽ǰ
ʱȴһͷ˵ǰÿһ˵Ǿ޴ģԶԶĶСĤţ
ҲΪС̾⴦֮ϣΧû˸뿿벽
¡¡
ͻأģûа׾;ҵĲͬǴһ㣬ѣõ˽һ
ô£
ֻҲͷ֮վĿ⾼ֱŹĹ
أ
һ޴һ貵Ĺӵ±ֱõ˶۾ֻҲǰǻعǿȥأһڰյꡣ
ͬʱ½ϣÿһżһЩΪεĵطǷһĻ˸ϵʱ򣬶ǿһݵĵһѰûзаǲ֮


791 ֻ
أ
һΪ貵Ĺֱ죬ƺͱ񷣬û뵽⣬ڳ壬ƺЩʲô
һƮ֮أһλ԰׵񷣬ƺڹ۲Щʲôͻأģһ֮һĻǳ˫ֲϵ󶯣ĿɨƺѰЩʲôãһһĨ԰ףоૣһ֮
ֻأƽٽ֮ڴʱѵ⣿ֹܷ֮ⳡƽ١
ƺһУĻ˵˭ҲĻɣ
֮񡭡
ԶһŮվͬǳĻૣҪʼɳˡ
ǸӣӦ߰ɣ
Ů˵һĨ糺죬һĨĻȡ
Сӡ
ֻǣȴ֪һУȫǱڣͬ¶һĨЦ⣬ȣ֮
߱ֻǣǴƵȴǶһ֮⡣

ż֮ϣ貵Ĺâ֮Уׯ࣬Ị̄һϹoһ㣬˲оһɶĤݵĳ嶯
ʲôˣ
վСͷ֮ϣֻҲ¶𺳵ɫеૡ
СڸӦɴ֮󣬾޴Ҳһټͫ¶֮⣬ƺǼʲô˼һ㣬þûܻع
Զнޱȵ𺳣Ŀ࣬˵
ʱоֻһͷӣoô

ţ
󣬶Եķɢһѹ۾â¶ֱ񷣬û졣
ߣҲż֮岻ܳܡ
Զֱ޼ʵ񷣬һЩĪĻ
ޣ䣿磿
һĨãȻƺЩʲôƺʲôҲûף΢΢𣬡ѵǻ磿Ҫż֮ƿأ
ૼ䣬ƺ࣬ӵ貶Ŀ
϶壬԰ٰ㶾ҩۡ䣬Ҫż֮ǣʲô֮壿
ƿвϵĺţ˼·תһ˼·֮壬л֮֮塭
֮ѵ츳
֮壬ѵķ츳

һ˼䣬ƵĺȻ伱ƺôƿˣ
۾ż֮֮ܣ
ʦҵƿ֮ˣ
ʱƺĺУѾõǷݵ׵ɢƺǽʲôһ㣬ʱǾһᣬһɺֱ

ڰգſڿЦЦҰϢս죬һһ㣬Ц죬ƺѾסĴڡ
Ȼһֱֵļں䣬һֱǶƿ䱧мǿģǣȴһεļļ䣬ÿÿЩϢ
ƿ䣬̸ףҪǣ֪ȥƿأ
֮ĸ˻Ի͵һʣǿͽֲ۱ȻȾȴ֮ϡ
գգ
ʱǵ֪βƿˣʣܹ
ҲƺҪ۶ּ֮ҲҲ֮ǣȴûһܹǿƥʣ
֮ǻ֮ĸһܳܵģ
֮壡
Ϲ츳һ壬ܹһУ
ǿЦֹ꣬˲oһ꣬ǴĹڵõʲô
ڿǴĹʱ򣬱Ƿ֣ĹѾݣˡ
ãƲͣЦЦ⣬ɨȫǷĴڣ΢΢һ㶣˹ȥ
Ļ˽ԾȻ
ѵ꣬ȻǺʳ֮ˣ
ʱɫǺܺÿ
ǶԸʳȻʳ̫ǿ
ڼЦӭ̸Ц֮еĽǶǹһĨ޿κεĿЦ
̸һóЩʲôͣȴεķ֣ϳ侧ʥûƷ
ʱóһǧ侧ݸֽһվ۰ǵķʲôɽȥȣٴγƿնȥ


792 ֮
ռ֮ڣһͷڵľҡקŴ׳ˮһţ˲Ϣǧתۼû֮С
ֻ֣Ǻɽηֲ
վ֮ϣ΢΢ͷԵֻʵ
ȥɽ磬ȴ֮û˿˽⣬ǣǼٵģһ뵽ɱڣ΢ġ
ֻҪЩԱûκεģ
֪칬ںɽڣǴһʲôλãǷܹѹƹ˵ĺ̨
Ĺ˼ңʮۣ
ֻص˵š
ţ
һĨɻֿʵֻ֣칬ӦþĹ֮һɣ
š
ֻص˵ͷ
칬񡢰˼ҡʮ۱˭ǿ˭
ʳеɻ
Ҫ֪һ㣬һʥڣر
֪
㵵Ŀ£ֱֻҡҡͷֽһ䣬ʮû֪ǵ̵ǳǲ׿սǵȫˣ
ԭˡ
в˿
Ҳǣ칬Ǵ˵oµܲ˭
ǰ˼ң⵽÷ɻˡ
˴徹Ȼܹ칬ֳᲢۣѵ˵˼Ҳo
ɵģƾ뵽ļ塭
ӦҲǰ˼֮һɣ
΢΢һС
뵽ƿʵļ壬Բ򵥣ʱһֹǲ򵥰ֱǿֲ
ֻ֣ɽڣдô
˳񣬷ƴһĨɫʵ
ۣؼļ£ܹһв飬ңдţۣĳ̶ֳ˵ʵѾoˣ
oĸǳģûܹȷĶλͨ˵ܣʥˣǾoĴˣԣڵ޷oֳ
Ҳֻеĳ̶ֳȲŻߵĲɣ
֪
ֻز˷ۣ˵
һﵱԼܵˣ飬Լô֪
д۴ڣǺɽڻнصĴô
ȴҲû˿Կ϶˵ɽûдۡ

еĲ֮⣬ǳ˳飬ûȥ
ƣûܹʱţһУļ´ҲУȻΪ޴ۣ
۾Σû֪ĹȴǴڣֻǣȴû̽ʵҲû˼۵ʬ࣬һЩò֤ʵĴԶѣ
ÿһλۣһ֮ļޣû˿ܳԽЩ´ۣԣ޴
ǳµļ֮
磬ս֮
ԣû˿ȷ䵽ûд۵ĴڣΪÿһ֮߳ģ
һ··ֱӸǣ
ԭҪȥһʥҽʥصģǣ´֮󣬹˻ʥҽʥأԣͷֻܵȵ˹˵ˣ

壬˵壬ǣͬʱҲһǿ壬ʵ壬෴ģڵʵϣʤֻȴһ㣬ǾһһȣܺͼҲֻһʥΪ㣬½ף
ǣʵǲСܹռһͨ˵һУ
һȣȴʮֵŽᣬûȥǣҪǣʵ۳ļң
츳֮壬ĵزɲڵ֮壡
ԣ½壬Ҳʵİ
ȣ壬Ǿһʢˣÿʱ򣬰֮˶ǣܹȡǰʮĳɼǿɾܽأˮϴˡ
ôǾ޴ģǣΨһƣǾֻµãԣⳡȣҲֻµ˲ܲμӣ

ԭǷǳųģǣ޾£еĳҲĥ࣬ڣӵлΪˣҲܹĵ̣ΪѵˣҲԽ룬ԣǣܹһЩ˵ġ
ȴûпʼսһŵָһĵ̡
һϢɽȣɽǰ棬˱СҲС֮ڡ
ʲô˾Ȼôҽһ壿
߽ɽȣ˸׳ǰ¶ƣĺʵһԲϾҪļơ
λֵܣŵֵģ鷳ͨһ˵á
ƴ΢ЦƵ˵
ŵǷƣ
һ׳ͷʱ۾һʵ


793 ס
ǣ
΢΢һ㶣ǳ
Ŷ
һ׳һۣǿơ
ŵ˵ܴӵ츳
һ׳ΪƵĶŷƽµ֮ڣڸǵ¶ɵɫ
ǰ̫꣬СˣӴһСӣôӵǿأ

üͷһ壬ЩΪѡ
ǽһĵƣɲ£ǰ׳ģƺЩĵļơ
۷壡
һĨâǶǰ׳Ϊ
ǴңȻҲţͲȥŵ
׳һĵġ顯죬ͬһкš
ɽȿڵĶ̬ʱɽڽ˵ע⣬Ƿ׷׶ۼ˹Լĵ̣Ƕ¶⣬ɨˡ
һȭ˵
׳ƾþòӦʱͼˣȭͷźХľ磬ͳŷؿ˹
ۣ
ҡҡͷ֪¶һ֣ЩļһǲòˣһƬƬһֻűϢ˳Ƭֱۣ̱¶˳
飡
ȭͷҵײһ𣬷죬Хбŷϯܡ
ŵŵţ
ǽһ׳ʱ׻󲽣һƨɵڵϣ㵵ĿԼ׵ȭͷ
Ϣ
ʱȴûȥעȫĿⶼڷƵ֮ϣʱϾһ˫˫ڳ˾㵵ɫ
ѵǰò꣬ʵˣ
жôһͷ
ǱըԵ뱩Ϣǲϴ

ۣѵ䣬ΨпЦһҡҡͷǸ׳ȥֽ΢Цŵû°ɣ
㲻ң
׳۾Բˣ㵵ʵ
ǿȷǰˣȻ֮ϣôʤԼôأ
ˣǶģػҲҪĤݵĴڣԶԶû뵽߹ˣȻԼ˵Ŀ
д裬
ƳһЦһҩûȭͷ֮ϣʱǸ׵ȭͷɢȥָٴõ׳ס
ÿÿ
һҵĽȺ˳ƿ˹ȥǼŵͷ󺹵ĳ߳˹
ƣû°ɣ
ԵЩңɨŷȴûзκεˣʱ΢΢һ㶣Ƿ֣ⲻû꣬ȻѾ۷ĲΣ
ǰ꣬ԵЩĿɿڴþ˵
޷ţһ˾Ҫôһ֮ڣһﵽ۷壡
û£Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦζֽţʾԼû¡
㾹Ȼ۷ˣ
ŵӦԲ۾Ų˼ʵ
Ҷѡ
ǿţЩڵĳ˳ǣڨڨ˵š
⡭
ŵʱЩʲôĽҲּٵ
ǡ룡
ƺҲףأŵûȥݺݵĵһ׳ʹŷֻأ߽˽һĵ֮ס
һ֮ڱǽ´ˡ
һפˣ
ʱһ峤Ҳҵӵ֮ͨ󣬱ǴҴҵĸŵס֮أԺ֮ǼŵǴ̸Цʱ΢΢һ㶡
˰
峤
ŵһϵЦ⣬վĳ񻽵
ƣҲվ
ŵλ˭Ĵˣ
ѾǴ۷岻ڷĽ峤ʱȻɻ󣬵Ҳǿʵ
ɼ˵еλжˡ
λǡ
ŵļڿ죬Ľ峤صɫӲĽҪ³Ļ˻ȥϹ˵
ţ
˳ָ峤˷ƣһɨۼ䣬ǽƵΪʱһĨɻ
ûа취ֻڴ¶ۣҿЦŽ͵λ峤ʵҲˣ㣬ŵֵܡ
Ȼͬʱӵ츳츳ôܣ
ŵһ֮󣬽峤ЩӦĿĿŷƣſ˵
ôҲ벻ףΪļ츳һأ
עò֪ͣ˷ƵΪ˰֮󣬿һתȥ
ʱİȣʮʱ䡭


794 
Ҳûа취һͿһΣΪ˽츳òʮʱ䡣
ŵ֪֪ɽͨģ
˼ãϵЦݣŵʵ
ɽ磿
ԣŵɻ󣬸Ȼ˵֪ͨˣƽͣ˵ΪҪŵ˵
ȷҪȵˡ
̾Ϣһŵס
Ҳȷˣͨɽͨ϶ڣ
ڽһ⼸֮ڣ÷Ƽһķ飬ЩһӣǴĺܣ˵ֱֱȥһԲϿˣСҲͬȴǳ𣬴֮ˣǹ£ûʲôĻ
ҹ䣬ȫһظ裬ȫ˳ֽţĻ裬գǷƴûиܹġ
壬Ϊβأ
Ʋ΢΢̾ϢһһĨȻ
ȫΪˣĻų켺Ϊ棬伫ûгʱͬǰĳ棿
Ҳѹ壬˵Ǽթ֮ͽˡ
崦ķʽǳļ򵥣ѣǻͷΣ̹ԣǵˣǻŽһ£һͬԿݣ
ԣ͸ûʲô֮ˣ
Щ죬Ҳˣ꣬һ˿ɶĺܣһЩһŮӶƵƵۣõŵԴײѡ
ΪһѾõĹҲ֮С
ȴ޸ܰһһСǶǰԲ·һģƿĲۣǿһɽǰϵƶʣܸҪô
һӣȴǶСɽĹжӣԽ׳ԽϲŵǾǿһͷҪ׳С
ⲻò÷ƸпĲ֮ͬ
壬õǣȴһǶΪһ룬ԣҪѰǿİ¡
ƣǲǿˣ
ǲϳ۵СŵɥһͷŷԹʵ
ʲô
ƵĿЩСɫ±ˣǿɾ鷳ˣͻȻԹë
С̿ҽһ廨ҲǽһһӵķܶĿ꣬С̴û˭ٹɫĿеı˪Ů񡭡벻С̾ȻϲŹ͵ģ
ŵĽţԼϵһ߸¡ٽļ⣬гˣ̾һ
˪Ů񣿡
Ʊûʲôϣģ˵밮ĽһʱûסģǸС̵ķȥʱĿɿڴþûز
񣬻
ƴ֪ܳǸģı˪Ů񡭡
Ůңһֱֻзǰ׳ԶԶȥ˾һһȷҲСˣΪ׳һΧЩһ׳ֻԵЩСˣ
С׵ӶʱڿǸעԼˣʱĻŭţС۾ҫ貵Ĺâ
ˣ
ˣͬһСɽһǰÿһµĴضǸŶҡţµĶ÷ƴӷµ״̬˹ҵĳ˳飬ݺݵĵһŵԥģǳŵסܶȥѾ˹Сվԭأɵɵķ
˵һС̿˺ܾãڶǵϵˮҲûиɿݣŵһֱοš
˵Ǽһ˵һѷƵȱ֮С˶Ӧ׷󣬵õɹȢڵı˪Ůõһأ໵ʹ˺ü죡
Щ£Ǽ֪ģŵÿ춼ǵԼǰεЩ
ãʮʱܿ͹ȥˡ
һһȵȣǰĹ㳡Уÿʱ򣬶Ϊ֮ʱر㳡ڼǰûһ˿϶ˣѹѹһƬӳﵽ⡣
ƸŽһǽǰʱ򣬶ʱͱֳˡ
ãһ֮ڻǺеλģĽһ峤֮Ӳóһ·õǵͨڰʱ֮ڣ㳡

ȺƲ˿
⻹ǲװԼǰƼϣûС
Ǿ
ŵȵָŲԶŷƽš


795 ص
ǰĹΪԻͣҲҫ۵Ľˣ֮ǰӴĵܴ죬ģ
ӴĵܣϹʱڵޣ׻ȸ䣬룡
ÿһ֣ܶ׷׶չֳԼϵˣĹϵӣǱ۾ӦһͷͷϹһ㣬˶ɣе
ô
ܣһĨ貵Ĺâ
Ϲޣֱؼּ츳УѾõ޵츳ʱʣ°׻ȸˣ
ֻҪپ޵츳ôƾͿӵһϵ壬Գؼһ
ֻôһ룬Ʊͷȣ¶ɫ
׻ȸ
΢΢۾֪޵ĺҪȥңૣɽӦûǵټɣ
޵ľǣڱصã
ʱҲ߽˹㳡֮ڣǸǳôĵϢɨӵ֮ʱһ˫˫ڶǳ˲⡣
α࣡
ǲףΪνһߵôֻ۷徳磬Ǳ֪ӦҲμӰȵˣʱһ¶ɫ
ڷƴʱվڽһӪڣȻ㡣
£貵£ҫȴ֮ϣһǵϼ⡣
꣡¡¡¡
һ죬ĴűһлĴ˿һɺƥϣֱӾʹһƬ貹âĴ֮ڵ˳ǣõ˲ɵȻ
ȴŵĴ򿪣϶ʱһƬţĿ⣬ǿȴ֮ڡ
΢΢ڵͫһƬɫ˸˸ˣһ˫ܹصħͫһ㣬Ǻˡ
ֱڴ򿪵Ĵ֮ڵľ󡭡
ǿҲһܴƣ֮Уһ˫ǵͫ¶˳˫֮ڣ˵Įһе̣Ǹ߸ϵo˼һ㣬ľǣƺĶͿΪ֮һ㡣
ʲô
һɢȥƳ׵ĿܵǶԵŵʵ
ţ
ŵһ㶣ָʱһɫׯڳ˻ȣص˵񣡡
񣿡
һЩˡ
ѵϹޣޣ
ܣû˵һ˫Ӷѣƴʱڻɣǲˡ
֪ΪΣЩã˫һеӣԼƺǣϸ˼ȴһֱ벻ˡ
ʱλθߴ󣬻ư߱Ǵ˳
ݼ룬ݼߣ
ȫ壬ȫǳ˹ȥиߺ񷣬ɢϵƲʣ￪⣬þòϢ
ʱټĳϣзֻأվΪۣһɨۼ䣬վǰϵĿͣ˵ϡ
壡
λߵ΢΢ɢһɹɵѹ˻ѹȥ
ʱƱǸо˫֮Ϸѹһɽһ㣬õһĵ
ս
û˿ԥƱתսսĶͬˮһ㼱ӿս죬Щѹѹֱӳ飬ͬһսһ㴣޾һУΡȻ
ֻظûаԶŵɱ⣬һһ㣬һѹɱ𣬲ڣ
ף
ʱʹλ߿дڶ¶ɫ
û뵽壬ȻܹԼѹ
ǣ
վмǸ߿һУڲһͻָȰд쵴ȫǣʱеվ
Ƕǡ
߿ʼ˳ƪݽ˸໵Ľ£棬ʽʼǣ֤ǵǿɣ
ʱ֮󣬷öһ仰
ŵǰĽͣҲ֪ȵĹأʵܼ򵥣㳡ʮֵ̨ûսģǾܹӵнʸ
ƣߣ
ŵھ˷ܣƴкһͬǳ̨ķȥ
һȭ
һ̨ߣŵ̲סˣ߸ߵԾȭͷͳ̨ϵһïʢë׳˹ȥ˴һѡ


796 ֵ
㳡ʱַǷ쳹ϣһ֮˶ǷĽкţһͷͷһ㡣
˭
һ׵ľ׳վһ̨֮ϣһǫ֮̃̄󣬽Լ޵ġ顯죬ͬһ㣬Ϣϯ죬ĺš
ˣ
ŵ̨֮󣬷ɨܾŸ̨ԥͽĿ׳ϡ
û˶⣬Ҫģ
ɨʮ̨ŵ֮⣬׳ǿˣղһȭֱӽһӵ𾳽Ϊӣ޷ȥԿĳΪĲ
ৣ
һ˫˫˵£Ծ̨վ׶ߵľ׳ǰ
ţ
Ķʱõ׳ĶȻֹһ˫ͬһ۾ԲԲĵŷơ
ԶԶû뵽СӾȻԼ
Ǻǡ
ƳһЦһƵ
һȭ
Ǿ׳ȴǵΪΪƣʱŭһ˫۾ֻͬһֱۣŴ̶ĺХǳŷƵ˹
ۣ
ɫ΢΢һ࣬һǱ˿ұѸٵһֻ˳ɫƬֱ۱¶˳
ǣ
ƻűϢ۱ǳԼȭͷʮȭӲȥ
飡
ȭͷڶ㵵Ŀ£ҵײһľ쳹Хϯܡ
ŵŵţ
ʱǾ׳׻ȭͷ͵Ĳ˲һɫʹЩŤȥ߰˸󲽣ͣ
ôܣ
ʲô
ϢѵȻˣ
һڳĴһʱ侹ȻЩ
˭ܹĵ꾹Ȼҡһ䣬ˣ
ʱһ˫˫Ŀⶼǿվſһߵϡ
һûˡ
ǳĺΪ׳˶ɨ˷ãҡҡͷ˵
ѵǲһ츳ҿ⻹Ǿ˵츳ֻǻ
ԱߵǸݵЩĳʵ
ԼӦǾ츳ɣңǹϢ׳˶û
һϢ츳Ҳǣûˡ
Χ߶ǺɵĿԼɵٴν͵
ôܣ˼츳ˣ峤ľȻ᲻
ѾĲҪֻɣ
ĸ߶ǲţ׷׳
ֱֻۡ
ΨվмǸߣȴĿٴο̨ϵķƣ˸ĪĹâ
ܹĵһ塭
ֻǣΪߵ䣬룬ȴҲ⣬Ϊһ壬ӵһֻͬʥһֱۣңͬʱӵ˼µ츳
ѵĵõʥ޵ĴУ
ӵдǻ۵Ժڲϵţ˴֮ϡ
ֿȻСǣƺҲֻôһˣ
Ĳ֪û
ĸߵַը£峤һɫǺ죬Ƿյµ
һˡ
ߵ˵ţǵעˣٴ˵꣬һ塭
ⲻܰɼˣ
λ߶ǲĿΪô˵
Ҳǵõʥ޵ĴС
߱ǽԼƲ˵˳
пܣ
߽ǵͷ
Ȼ߱µ츳ǣȴûнԲô
峤΢΢ţе˵š
Ӧԭ򡣡
߸˸°ϵİ룬˸ǻ۵Ĺâĵ˵ͷ
صˮĶͣôһȥ˷ڵ
һĿЩ߳˵
ǣԹͣӵ츳ߣκ壬Կˮϴӣ
ߵһۣл˵ţЩԶЩã
ǻۣҲ⣬Ϊε͡
˵ٺһ
һ仰õ߶޷ֻܾĿ̨ϵĶ̬
飡
һȭ֮䣬Ǿ׳Ǳ̨
Ǳһȭһȭı̨ģ
ã
ǴһĨĻȣ˹֡
Ĵô
Ǿ׳ƨɱվڴЩȵʵ
ǡ
Ƶҡҡͷ¶һĨص΢Ц


797 
ڽ۷֮󣬷ƵѾﵽξ۷壬ǶҲһ֮ԣ峤֮Բӿ壬ҲǴɱķֻҪģǶǱһȭҳ̨
Ȼ⼫츳δǣҲһܹģ
һ徹Ȼ
ڼ߿е֪˷ʵݣٿǰľλ߶Щĸз޷޲ƽ
Բأ
üЩ峤˸ૡ
ˮÿۼһŹʮϴӣ壬رϣǶǾ÷ǳĲֵ
ǣ͡
һԵİ׻峤üͷһ壬˵
ҲǲϣһԼһһϴӵǣͣȴǲΥ
ͣȻҪִС
峤΢΢۾˵ǲ谭μӰȣǣҪصŶûУ
Ŷ
λ峤ǿ
ҪأҪصס̨УǼˣǾ͹ֲˡ
峤ǴһĨɵЦ⣬˽
԰⣡
λ峤۾һ
Щͨκβ꣬ǣⲢûκˣ
峤ӵе츳룬˽ɣ
峤ŵЦ⣬峤˵
û⣡
峤һۣһˣԸ֮λ峤϶¶ɵЦ⡣
ҵҪֶܹã
ǼæӦԵķƣ峤ǵ˵š
һУվмļδţֻǵɨһۣûмֹ
ϾҲûΥͣ


ٴνһͬСɽһ׳ȥ΢΢˿ڵũҩ䣬ҩתǻָ
ȭ
һçԾ̨ɰһСȭͷֱӳŷƵؿ˹
ڣ嶼ǵǵƣ֪зƣҲ໽е̨ϳ
ȭ
һĨ壬˾ӭȥ
壬ΪΪǽɱȺ֮ǸҲû취ӡ
ǰվŵλߣǿɶһСôӵóǵģ
飡
һȭ֮£çͬߵķһ̨ĸش
ǣȴ޷ķ߿ǾǲҪһ̨ϳ塭
ǻһˣǾ޷֮ãǣũҩķ˵ȴ鷳һЩѣֻҪּܹ츳ʲô
ԼСʱһűϢ׳˶ӣǴ֮˵Ĵ£峤ԡ
ϣʱ巢ʱ޲¶𺳵ɫ
һˣ
ܿ죬ϳʱĴ쳹
ÿһʱ䣬嶼һΣһ壬һΪɫһˣˣ˵ĻǻΪһ峤
ȻΪ磬۷壬ǣ츳Ѿĳ̶ȣңѾﵽһֲľأ
ˣСҪùˣ
ˣɷСӣ
ʱϱǱһ󻶺֮쳹ȫ
ࣿ
ȻҲӣʱһĨâͫ͵һھȻӵǿ
ͫע£ƿǹĵǾһҩͰһ㣬Ǳƺܹһ㣬ǿɲ
ѵǽ츳ô
һʱһɻȡ
츳ϸǳ֮
һսҪˣ
ףǣȴû¶η壬෴ģһ˫֮籡ͬʵʵս⣡
˼ˣ
࣬Ȼˣʱ¶һĨаЦ
ǾͶҼս֮·ϵĵʯɣ
η壬ʱ˺ƤԼлһͷţţʥޣӵģ
峤ң
ԶԶƶһۣ΢΢һУһĨɻ峤ԣʵ
š
峤˵ͷֱָ̨ϵķƶ˵ǸûУ
壿
΢΢һ
ڷƵϣоһԼһϢ
û壡
峤صĵ˵ͷôûĽ̨
ҵ壿
籡Ϣһ֣峤Ұɣ


798 
ˣСӣ
䣬СӸϳأ
ˡ
̨һһ㳡ھۼ໽һ硣
ʱΧֹ̨ͣеĿⶼǼߵϡ
ô
ŵĿţЩز񣬿ŷƣһĨصĵǡ
ΪһԱȻʵΣ
ϣΨһûģҲͽһˣϾǴģңôദЩ˶Ƕ˺øУѾ֮Ϊѡ
ǣʱѾܹƵģٱʱҲ峤أ

峤̾ϢһĳŷƵǸ̨ȥ
峤
һֱվֻسסɻĿ£˵ûµģ
˼ǡ
峤ͫ͵һŵͷֻأĪȴҲͣ˽ŲĿǸϢ΢ϡ
꣬һһ˿⣿
ܻɣΪĿǰΪֹֻۣƲûб¶κεĵƣֻδ츳ʲôࣿ

أ
̨ǰ͵һԾ̨ȵϯΧҳ
̨ĲʹɣȻһ̤֮£ã
֪Сӣһǵģ
ǳűϢһͷһ㣬һЦЩζ˵š
˼Ҳ
΢΢һ䣬ĻӦţ˿
Ҿͽ
ķƾȻԼһĨ壬߸ߵ¡𣬽һ壬ȭͷĺ¡ͬһװ׳һ㣬ųŷ
ȭ
սڳ壬֮ǳ֮ӿװؾۣۣηӭȥ
¡
ȭͷҵײһͬըװ쳹쭷ϯӰƷ˳
ŵŵţ
һˣ˶Ƶ̨ϲɲסΡ
˾棬õȫͻأİͬʯһ㣬쭷ϯҳڻɳȴҲ֪³ͫױǿʲô˼һ㣬þòܻ
һǱ߸һֻûбɫĸĿ࣬ŷƾǿһһ㡣
ôܣ
վſڵ峤ҲĿɿڴȻҲ޷һʵ
츳δ꣬Ȼһһһƴĸָ£
ף
һĨ⣬
ƺʲô
̨ϣԼЩľȭͷһƬȻ
оһ˿Լ츳ܵһһûعȭͷͱľˣǿᣬôȭͷᵱ
ǲǴҲͨԪ
׼ȷжϣϵɫ
ʱˣǰһܲԼ֣Դˣ
ǿ
ͬҲɣȻǳ֮츳ܣǣھȴǲ̫ˣ
ʵģĴܣҲѾξ۷壬Ƿּ֮࿹һ£ƾͻܵ
Сˣ
ܿ͵̬˵ţڣȴǱһҵĺɽһ㣬ģЩʱ˽еȥҲȻ֪Ĵ쳹ϯ
ྲ
վǰ峤һѹȫõ嶼Ǳ͡

Ҿ㿴츳ܣ
ʱͣα˽ӽһϵҲƬƬ飬һ羫ļ߸ߵ¡ɫϢϯȫʱһͷԶһ㣬˶ɣǳĿֲԶ嶼¶ֵ飡
ӡ
ûаԥ˫ֲϵӡʹӡǳ֮ȫ뷭ӡ֮ڣؾɫΧԪ֮ϣҲǱߡ
ȭ
දÿһȥ̨ĵذ϶ѿһѺۣµ籡ͬһͷһ㣬죬ź¡ը죬ŷȥ
ӡ
״ӡֱһϵķӡǳ൱ͷ¡


799 ֲ
Żϵ֣޾⣬ƺԼܹ˺һ㣬߸ߵԾȭͷǳֻѹֱӲȥ
̣
һ㣬ռ䶼Ϊ֮һ𣬾޴ӲıһʱӡȻըӿŰֱӾͽȥ˫Ҳû뵽̨֮ڡ
ɶ񣡡
ʱһͷһ㣬Ϣ緢һþ˫Χ̨ذ嶼Ϊ顣
ٴγȥʱһֻֻͬĳӲõ粽ѽˣ̨ϣһƬǽ壡
ǫ̂ǳ飡
˻
һֱǴڱ֮࣬˲һ֮ھ֮顣
˭ܹĵʱĳ棿
ǿҪΪ峤˰ʱȴǱһѹŴ򣬶һ
ǰδй飬嶼ţ츳Ƕĵ֮壬ھȵ£Ҳɵİջʤ
ǣܣϲֻ۷£Ȼڱ״̬
ֱǴ˳ʶ
Ǽһ֮ڣȻôǿˡ
ʹ÷ӡŵʱҲǻز񣬴Ŀţૡ
壬Ҳ˽ˣ
ͬģ峤ҲһͣһһϣЩ˵
ԭΪ׾پܽ飬˭֪Ȼ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻῴۣ
ֲͬļֲ֮ͬԪ
һֱڹۿƵĶ̬һֻֻɵķ֣ҲһƬ𺳡
˵ֲͬԪǹ۵ģǣӷбŷͬļ֮νͣ
峤عʱбٴһ𣬻ɨ䣬ǶǷ˶Էڵ𾪡
ǵ۳Ƿҵǳ֮
ܿģǱǷֱǳ֮
ѵǵ۳Ƿ֮ˣ
Ϊ½۷Ҳ˽ģǳ֮ǿֻ֪е֮пӵУ
˵Ѿ˸ϳ۳ôңڷҵôܻҳ
۳ǵ飬ǶǵõϢʱǻ
ʱƴ󣬶ңҲ֪ˣкɽıʱĵ۳ǣ˵һҶҪϲ֮ܿ
ұΪڰǾҪģҲǹ˵ּ֮һ
Ƿҵ۱ͻȻع飬ΣϹȻܾҪ˶ˣ
ƣôܻüأ
ѵڵ۳Ǵնɱ̫壬Ǻɽ˵ķƣ
תǻ۵ĹֱӾƲ˷Ƶݡ
Ȼ
峤һ
ϴε۳ҶУǴŹʣ˵ͬоҲܹ֮ģ
żĹңкܴһԭΪǰ꣡
̫ˣܹƿֲͬԪңҪƿּ֮ûб壡
ǳɳ˭ܹδ
֪˷Ƶ֮峤вǺһЩ
Ͼǰ꣬һ
ô˵
ӵּ֮˵˵ƿأ츳츳пռ츳
أǲͬʱƿּ֮
룬峤̲סз
̫ˣ
˭ĵˣǾԲᰲڵĹһ
͸һɣܹ츳֮ˣҲǻ¡
ɨһԵλ峤е˵š
Σ峤ûз
һܹǿߣҲ̫
ʱжǳԺ½û˿סĽŲ
ңң
ԭѾҪĩ·ķңӵţһ

ʱ̨ϣƵƲˣ㴭ϢĻᣬ˫ֻΪӰӡ̨ͬһĺۼŭȴ޷ı״
̣
ڣһ쵱У̨
ΪҵһΣ
ʵûȫչ֣ǴʧȻѣôҲûϵ˵׺ԼϢĻҲûУ
ϣ
΢Ц˹֡
ɶ񣡡
ع౩ĺһִ̨
࣬
վ̨ϵ峤ڣһǿŷֱӽ˻ȥ
ˣǺ°


800 
ˣ
Ϊһһһˣʱȴһϣ
ȻʹľǺؼǣһ㣬Ӯ࣡
㹻ˣ
곬Ժػ
峤
౻˻ܲϢʤȴôҲѲ峤ѹƣֻò޵Ľе峤ʹթȥһᣡ
ˣ
峤һüͷһ
ǰǷҵķƣôԲĶ֣Ϊ껹кܶɱﵶûʹ
磬ǽ̫նϵľ
Ϊ㻹зĻôѵΪܹβɣ
ᣬ峤ѵ
ԣҪ࣬ռȻȻ϶ǾѪϴ񣬾Ĳ

Щɻ࣬峤̾һһԵ׳Ըȥ
ҲѾʱЩҵӽϴˣ


౻ߣк˿ѸٵĽ״ָֻ̬ǣȴѾûսˣ
Ц඼ˣʲôң˺սԶûУҪǣ峤ƺѾĬεĽ֡
⵹õķŸ̨ǻŵ̨ϱԣһ˫ȭѷ֣
񰡣ѵΪŶµô
ת˫ƥ۾˸ǻ۵Ĺâ
ͣǣô޼ƵģҲв֮ˣ޾ûһܹڣ
ȴţ񣬾ԲԵ޹ʵͣ񣬾֪ôһŶԡ
£һֱ磬ս˲ԽԽˣ󣬼Ѿûսÿһ̨Ͼʣһˡ
𣡡
һһ㣬ԼŴġ顯죬쳤ʾԼǿ
ˣ
ſڵ϶ǰԵͷһۣ߲ǰһ
λʮˣεʿǽõľˣ
ߵĻﴫǣ쵴Ϣ
һ̨ͬȫǳ̨ȥ
벻Ѿôǿˡ
ŵ˹ŷ˵
ǺǣҲǿ
ƵһЦɷƵƺһ΢΢ˣõŵЩ
ڼһŴʮ߽ڡ
¡¡¡
һ쵱УŻĹرգ峤˸кǸȥ
ɡ
˷һۣʮ˳ȥ
һ·ϣƶڴڵ
޴ܶǵһӴĸ񣬶޴ĳɽӱ飬һһ㴣䣬£ÿһ֣ͬǰһ㣬ġ
ޣѾһʲôľ磿ۣ
Ŀһɨвš
ЩǼĪǼֻ¾Ҫ໽
ǳǿߣ
޴ĵܴһƬƬƣͷ֮ϣԡ£ӿϯƺɽѹõвȻҪȥĳ嶯
ݼ񣡡
ǰ״ϣȥͶأиߺ
ݼ񣡡
Ÿѧģȫſȥ϶Ǵŷĳ羴
ϣͷһ˻վ΢΢۾ֱΨһ¶˫ӡ
ļء
ԽǽƾԽǾ˫ӺΪϤԺһһѰţȴûз˫Եļ䣬ʱü
ףΪԼ˫ӻϤĸо
˹󣬼߲վһǿĿܷ㶣ʱϵϱһĨãüͷҲһѡ
Сӣƺɻ󡣡
ɫ£ŵĮŷʵ
ţ
ƻعʱڨڨһЦ
ɻЩʲô
߲Ϊɲ̫á
ûСֻǾãƺ˫ͫ
ͷɻ
񣿡
һ΢΢
ʱŸҲǲĿ
֮񣬵ܣֻһ


801 ˮϴ
ʵ񣬺ܶ嶼Ǳʣֻû˵ѣ
Ϊû˼񣬶ĵܣҲһ𣬶ңûֻһ˫ƥӶѣ
治ڣҲֻ룬
ԣķƾȻ˵ϤĸоʱǶǱԺɵɫ
ֻǣȴһݡ
Ϊ뵽͡
Կ϶½ֻôһȥϤģ
ΨһĿԣҲ˹
ʵҲ̫ȷ
Ŀ£ڨڨһЦٴ˵
Ŷԭˡ
ߴ˷һۣɫ΢ŻҲûΪѷƣתȥɡ
ʮˣƹܣ˱
ǰһɫҺ壬ɫţһ㣬ţԶһһ㡣
ˮľˣ
߻Ŀ˵ţõǾŸ嶼һȣԵЩԾԣǼ߻վǰ棬ǿܾҪȿֺ˽ˡ
ˮ
ҲһĨϸĹ۲£ͷ֣Щˮƺĵܡ
ȥԡ£ܽˮϴӣ
ָԱߵһż˵
ʱǱͬǻһ㣬ȫǳǲ֮ڡ
Сӣļ񣿡
ڷƼ߽ҵʱ͵תȥǼ΢ЦĿԼ΢΢һüͷ
벻ˡ
ЩյҡҡͷεĻش
Ŷ
ԵһĨʧǺܿ͵ˣŷ˵û£ԺģȥԡɣˮϴӣĺôǺܴġ
л룡
ϵ˵һת߽˲֮ڡ
кףûߵԼԲ߽
ΰ񰡣Ϊλȥһء
ĵܣھһƬã
һ嶼ǹŽ׸ɾԡ˳վڳرߣżߵķԸ
ڷ֮߳󣬼߲תϴ͵Ц˵ڣǿԽˮϴˣ
ͨͨ
һ䣬һƻһ˽ڣɫǼŮһ㣬Ȳˮ΢΢һЩˮһβٵı£˳ڡ
ͨ
ԡƵĶЩŤڼЩĿ£һԾ˳ڣʱͱţһˮסˣһʱͱ
ʲô
ߺԵĿ˷ԡһ͹𣬶ʱɫЩŹ֣ѵĳ
΢˼Ŀڳɨɨȥһȥ¶Ц⡣
ЩˣɽĶ

ɫ࣬˫գڳ֮ڣһɫˮȻڻڣһĪϣǴڵ˳ʱΧˮǼٵλۣȣˮٶȣǵıңƺһ˾൱ĸһ㣬ǿ١
ȻȻӵּ츳
ߺܿͷһ״ڶʱһĨ貵Ĺâ
˵壬壬Ҳû˭ܹͬʱӵּ츳ģͨ飬µҲûֿܣǴڣǾԻزۣûдĿԣ
ǣǰȴǴһ״ӵǰδеּ츳
ΰˣΪܹӵ˵츳
ĵܣڹ˸ǻۣҲ޷һʵĴڡ
һУĽţ֮ڱǲˣԭ򣬻ǳԷƵϣ׼ȷ˵ԡ֮ڣ
ʣССˣ
һ缢ƿʣƺǶûгԶһ㣬ſͿţʱΧˮۿɼٶСţγСС
ʲô
һ״ɫһһֻ֣еץȥ
ৣৣ
죬Ӱԡ˳Ȼˣǵȴûͣˮ˼

ߵĿֱӱͣСϣʱһǲĺĳﾹȻôܣ
ҡͷԸʵζ䣬ǷĳһŶƵĿҳвСצӡ


802 ˫
èǹˮ֮ڣëƤûаմʪǸֿӨ˸أбˮЧһ㡣
ʱ۾ֱżߣֱӾͺԻֳˬ֮⣬ǸûʲôвԵСצݺݵĻŪţҲ˼׺Ϣ
ǡ
ߵ۾ĶС͵ĵԲЩĿɿڴ֮⣬ſþ˵
Ѱȥûа㲻ǣֻ˫ˣͻ궼ɵĴǿɲ
ʱߣǿ˫΢΢Ķɫ쳣ļͻȻģ£ȻȥͶء
𣡡
ڼҪ˵ЩʲôʱһŨŨв֮ĵͺ𣬴Ķڣõһ鲻ԽĽҪѿڶĻ˻ȥ̧ͷŴڵͷСޣ֮ھǳ硣
һĻû˿ΨһģֻСһˮһЩηһСŷƵӿͣĵˮƺֻдڷߣܸȫһ㡣
߹ԣĹݣûзκεȴ˸żµỨ
ʱһеԵɣ
Св£ܿվǿסе𺳣ָɫС¶ɫٴ׸һв⣬õļηͷ
ŵһˮֻֻļ£ۿɼٶڼš
ڼ䣬ÿһ˵ϢڼٵţһɹɴУҪƵı䶯
츳ڻĽţ֮⣬ǻõĪĺô
ɫˮÿһ䣬һϸſĴڣȿֺЩ׵ˮÿһ缡⣬ƤëѪܣ£ۿɼٶš
໣
һ֮ӷƵı쵴һƺҪڷɶڲϵš
ڣԪڵԪҲڲϵĶţƺһ㣬ȻȻһ𣬳ĳӿȥ
һ֮ΪҪľ
ԵķǳխСңǳֶ״̬ѹֵϢ

һˮԭеļžɫԪͬˮһļӿҵײض˿ڣƺҪҵһ·һ㡣
һһ飬ûͣЪ˼
ѽ
ԭǴָˮϵС򣬴ʱƺǾ쵽һЩʲôһ㣬һ˫۾˸˵Ө⣬ֱŷơ
ۣ
ͻȻſͣ³һɫȪû뵽˷ڣңصӿɫˮţʱԭЩ޹ɢӨ⣬ƺҲࡣ
һֱڳţվڳر߿ţ˸ױȵ֮ɫƺǼʲô˼һ㡣
СͷĿһ֮ǿѹ˼ɫָֻǣͫһĨľη
˶СƺҲӦ˹һ˫۾ֳǳ֮⣬ſڣһǳ֮³û뵽˷ڣֱȥ
һʱ䣬ԭ޹⴦ڼž״̬򣬱â˸ӻǶĶ˿ڡ
ǡǳ֮
Сӣ΢΢һͫչϳִ㵵ɫȻӵǳ֮οܣ
ĺᣬӵпռ츳һĳ̶ȣܹƿزԵĿռ֮ռ䣬ܣĹ˷ʤ¾ӵм츳ĴޣҪΪף
Ȼͷƿ˿ռ츳ʱȴֻƿǳ֮
ֱ̫ˣ
⾿ô£
߸оԼһûܵôĴ̼һ߸龹ȻȫΧͬһ귢
ģָоͷܹ֮ӵǳ֮ӦûΪǰԭ򡭡
ʲôˣ
һׯķƣߵһĨӣɫĹƽȴһĴ㡣
ãֺ꣬Ѿڱˣ
꣬Ƿ֮ˣôԷڵضҪ
ԽţڸǾâ˸¶ǻ۵Ĺâ


803 ͻξ
ʱڵһĻƹ졣
һλԡ꣬ɫˮ֮ڣͬɮһ㣬ž޲ΧˮһƣһɹϣΪģϵӶң
岻ԶһͷСһֻɰСޣֱǳŲͬɫĹͬһλá

ͬˮһϵĴڴĳһӿš
ɫε£ԭխСʱ͸͵İ׹⣬ңƺࡣ
͵İ׹£ۿԿ֮ڣĺɫϰ谭˾ͨУõһ޵ʮֵѹ֣
ʱɫˮڳŶ˿ڵһϰһһεĥţͬʱҲܵ˳ãǲ͵İ׹ӻţȴûʲôˡ
Ҫͻˣ
վˮرϵļ˫˸˸ˣֱŷƣ૳ƺһУڵ
Ȼûã˿ڵǿЩɶĺۼˡ

״СǼӴǳ֮ͬһһҵĳǿ
ҲˮӻȻһˣ˵ĳǾԻᾭ
ֺ޹˼ɵĳЧǳ޷ģ
ھ׶εʱ򣬶ҪȻʱƵٶȣ˼ʮң
꣡
˼ɵĳ£ǿ˿ڴĺɫѿһСۼ
꣡
Сƺǿ˷ڵĶ̬һ㣬һʱǽǳ֮ȫǳǴѷϳš
ˣ
ͻأģһԭһֱķƣӾҵĲһĨüƺĪʹһ㣬ûгãܿģɫͻָǻ¶һĨƺĻȣƺǺˬһ㡣
ʱ˿ڴǿѾ׵ĳˣǳ֮ɷĩʧһ̣Ǵ֮ӷƵȫһ㵭ĹΣڵԪУжתճһĽÿһԪÿһǳ֮ÿһöˣڽһĽ
š
ܣ֮ƺҲ쵽һЩʲôǿˬǣþڣСûͣ£忪˶˿֮ǲǳ֮ȥڵĶͬһûаףֱӾͳ˷Ƶ֮ڣƣҲֱӳˬ״̬˸һٰʮȵĴת䣬ɫҰһƬɫҲһûһµĳ鴤ţƺĪʹˮӣϲ
ΨһֵҵǣС״ҲˮסǽܵľȻ͵Щ֣Ҳûѿĺۼ

һĻվڳرϹۿļҲɵΪ˿
֮ڣˮľȻ˺޹˼ɵĳԲʲô³
ƣ˫İ£ҲԺоͻ𾳽ż֮磬
ңƺûֹͣ
ͷСƺҲˣССڵˮ״£ҲǼٵļţ󲿷ֶǱСȡˡ
Ƕ˶ԥãǴŹѵޡˣˮ٣λ˵츳Ͳܽˡ
ѽ
⻰С˷ܵһĨȻƺôһ׮һ㣬ֹͣˮһСԣǰĴСͷ֮ϡ
ͻȻôСǷŭתͷС򣬲ȥЩηĿ
ѽѽ
СһָֻţѽѽĽţƺڶСԸЩʲô
ѽ
Сһ£Сٵĵ˵ͷתˣС˫ǱЩնһĪϾϯľ˰ڣƺһ㣬Χǳֳյ״̬ˮˡ
΢΢һ飬ȴû˵ʲôֱĬķ
ʱڻнصˮڷһȡˣС͵źһڣСһ󱩴ֻίҡβ͡


804 ϲ
ʱ䣬תۼڵˮҲڼٵļţƵһ֪ĺ࣬ۿɼٶΧˮ
ʱı仯ҲԽԽˡ
¡¡
Ǵһڷ쳹ţÿһ鼡ⶼڻ䶯ĥ䣬ɫε£ƺڷĳʱ䣬һɹƺܹصӿȣ嫺ĳģ
ˣ
ͬʱһӨҲӷƵŴ˳һӨ⣬ܲһЩԭЩ·Ҳ𽥵ıһ·Ǿɵһ㣬ܹһУӣһ̵ĵﱤβơ
ǣӣʱʱ֣͸һ㣬ǺˣһĪģʧÿһ⣬ϸ˵ı䶯ţתţƺϰӦЩʲôһ㣬ʱţ壬ͬҳһķһʧһ֣ǹ졣
ڣصˮֻʣ±һʱ壬ڲֹͣȡƺѾõ˱һ㣬Ҳݲһˡ
ѽ
СǶСһСһĽȡµˮ֮ڣȡˮʣʲôҲûзһ㡣
꣡
ͻأģŵķ۾ڱŷ貵⣬¶һһ㣬Ϣ嫣ΧĿռҲһۿɼƣܡ
ৣ
״һŰĲԣûӰ쵽ȡˮ塣
ţ
µˮ΢΢һ㶣ٴαȴǷ֣ԼȴѾȡˮˡ
⾿ô£
˻ڱԼȴһѹƺǲ⡣
ѵԼ̫ˣ
ΣʱҲѾ޷ȡˮˣֻޱƵվ΢΢һϵɫһ
Ϊܵڵ
⡭
̧һֱֻۣ̲صƥָ΢΢£ճȭͷ
¡¡
캵һ㣬춯ΧĿռ䶼ֻȭͷΪ΢΢ĵһµǺƥһɡ
ǿ
пϲڵɫȫתɾϲѵ츳Ѿˣ
㼫ǿֻܹһϸܵ
һ࣡
ĳ̶ȡƺѾˡ
΢΢ĸӦڵ͸¶һЩ˼ζ͵۾ѵ
ܿ죬Ʊ뵽Ϊ磡
ȻѾˣ
ӦһѾ忪һغܳŴ֮ͣھǴ㵵ɫֱЩţԼ˯һȻôͿͻƵˣң̶ȣƺѾӽξˣ
ˮЧ
۾ðž⣬Žһ㲻Ǻܶɫˮڳ̰ǿżվþĿ⿴ԼҪЩˮָˡ
ˮǲ뿪صģȻͨˮԴѣ
ƺµ뷨ڽ͵
壬Ȼ̰尡
Ψһǰľֻһˣǣ˵
˵һˮʮ֮߰˶ǱȡˣȻƾһϴ츳ȫ
ԭˡ
ԣһ㶣죬ڨڨЦЦͬʱипߵݰ
ѽѽ
ʱССһĴСǳƨһлҵ飬ͻ˷ƵһǰۣСͷڷֺõĥţõķƽǵиӲۼףСֻԹĵС
һĻ˼У˵ȴǼС۽¶ĨвɫǽҪ˵Ļ˻ȥ
ˣ
һͼһǾɵ·ֲɵĵ˿
ܹоͼιֻ̣¾ɱҲ޷Ƴ
ʣѾˣ
̤УǰطԲУֻѹдͷ

Ѿ޷ȡˣһ۽µˮԾ𣬳ء
ã㲻ô£ôҲ׬ˣֹǽּ츳ңͻƵ磬ֱһ㣡


805 
ԭƻܵǣȥ˺ɽ磬޷㣬Ǿˮϴ֮ȴûôˣ
ϣѾͻξһӽ۷壬ʱԼӵ˶ļ֮ͨͻҲָտɴ
Ҫǣ츳Ѿﵽ˶ĵزϷ츳ռ츳ԱǾûˡ
ҲţǺɽ磬һѾǲˣ
ȻǰǲȥЩһ
ͻܣǾȫûκι˼ˣΪֻ˵ںɽ磬Ҳȷ涨ʥˣԲԶʥµ˳֣Υģͻַܵ
⣬ҪΪһİȫ룬ԲµĹ涨

˿һƴӲ˳
ôңԶڣȴѾλãǣĽŲʹͣЪһֱǰУߵλã
֮ڣŵɫ˳ս⣡
ԽԽ㣬սʱ̶һֱڳ޾һ죬Ϊļ£
ף
ȻҲ쵽һ״һĨ⡣
Խ˽꣬ԽǷԽأһ޵׶һ㣬ԶҲ֪жƣ
л룡
˼ǰԶƹĳϾֿ
ǺǣһУԼ컯
ߵĿⲻźۼɨƻСС͹𣬽Ų΢΢һƣ㿪棬Ц˵
ʱеˮûиɽߣԣ˻ûֻмվڳر̸Ц
ˣʲôҪ˵
ķֹ飬һĨǻ۵ĹâǺĿʵ
ʱȷǰ꣬ǴзҵǸˣ
ּ츳ּ֮ʣֻһң
ʵһ󡣡
ļ⣬ԥǿЦ˵
Ŷ
΢΢𣬴΢Ц˵û´Ӧǵ۳Ƿҵķưɣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷЦŵֻǣȴѾǵ۳Ǽˡ
һǵġ
ߵ˵ţ΢һЦһĨ⣬ʵ˼Ҫ

һЩĶ
ǿӹɣԲڵ۳ļңϲ࣬ԻΪ½ϵİ
ԣϽǾܹѹˣ
ǣѹ֮أ
壬ԣǽ֮ȻڵĹˣǺɽڿ϶һӵǿǸԴΪڣ˷ң
пܣ
Ͼô˵Ҳ壬׾ȫŭ
ʱ򣬾Ծͻһʰǣפ壬ȻûĿܣ
һ뵽棬еȻǽȥ࣬һĨȻ
ܲܽһͨ
˼ã̾һ˵Լ⡣
ͨ
һ㶣˹Ҫȥɽ磿
š
Ƶ˵ͷһĨɱϵĵֻǰȥɣпܳ״ݻٹˣ
˵ľٶǴۣ
Ҳȷ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ뵽״ǵ˵ͷ
óһ۱µ½Ǹ˵ںɽ磬ҲŲ͵ĵλ
۱ɲ˶ӵеģ۱Ĵʵ̫ˣÿһ͵ľѪɹɴĵ۱֮٣к֮ܶ۸ûµ۱
Ѿ׼ÿͨҪƷˣ֪ܹܲ
ϣĿ
Ȼԣ
ֻ΢ԥһڴӦ
Ȼ֮ǰǾԲܴӦģڣǲӦҲôӦ
ˣΪͨĴ̫ѾнǧûпͨˣڣͨȴҪΪһ꿪
л룡
ƴϲæл
û뵽˵ĺ˵Щͷԡ
ѵСԵʣ
뵽֮ǰһﶼܳʱбЩȻ
ô˵Ҳʥޣλ֮ϣͨѣӦⲻ
ǣ˱Խ̸ԽǢھ֮ʱǼǸ߸ϵļ̸ʱЩȻ⾿Ƿʲô顣
ѹֻҪһſһΡ
Ǵˮˡ
󣬰嶼ǰл֮Ļϲȥŵһͬص˽һ֮ڣסһ죬Ǵֻȥ


806 
أ
һ֮أƬһƬѹѹƲӽ棬һͬɽѹȸУǳ߽Իᱻεѹշ顣
ںڵͬī֭һƬ֮еһ֮Ĵ䶯һͷͷħһ㣬ĸʴΧһУõûаľޣһƬߣֻǼɽʯ޷ܵǣΧ򣬻ƮһŻϢЩҵĽǴ֮´ġ
û֪ģҲûκڡ

һɭɭЦЩ֮д˳ƺ˵⣬ޱջĵĿǴҵǣҹ׸׼ɣһǸܹص
ˣˣ϶ϲǲģģû˿ɱң
¡¡
ͻأҵĲΧǧĵ涼һ𶯣Ƿ˴һ㣬һ촫￪⡣
ǣҲ˿ƲһƬСɽʯҲδ䣬ٹ̣һ壬ز𣬴
ķӡϼһҳȥһҪɱɾԱͷ֮ޣ
ɭ뱩Ļɽ֮´ħƽУΧҷϯһƬذ
ͻأģΧһлָ˰û˹ƣû˵ضɽҡû쭷ϯΧЩ׿ŷīƲҲɽ֮ʧһƬʲôҲûзһ㡣

ɽϿգͻأıһӣһŻµӴѷ֮˳֮ϣ⾼ͨһƬƺܹһһ㣬ϵɨĶ̬ƺҪЩʲôһ㡣
֣ӡõģΪΣһŵĵζأ
ϸɨ˼ΣӶûза쳣΢΢Ǽ⣬üͷ
ৣ
ԥɽ壬һֻɽ֮ϣϸϸĸӦһʱջƣһĨã૵ѵǴ
Ǽ⣬ɻŵǹɶĵζʱüͷĸѵΪԲϢƮˣ
ϸΧ̽һûзְ
һӡ
֪ΪΣЩģһ˫ֱһɬӡΧطӿƺƥһoһ㴣ˡ
⣡
˫âдȳִֻһӡǣûɽ֮ڣӨָ

һУ΢΢ЩϢƺӡܴһ㣬ҲһĨ԰ףˮ䡣
Ŵûʲô̬΢ķ
Ӧû˰ɣ
ٴɨ˴һֻۣƿգ̤˽ȥһƬ֮ء
ȥˣûа㶯һ糣

ռٴαƣӻƺ嫣ٴ˳ɨΧûзʲô΢΢һѵҸӦˣ
ٴϸļһ΢̾һƿնߡ

˵ļʱɭֵЦٴδӴ֮´˳쳹ǧռ䡣
أ
ڴһҵĲһһӨ۶ɵӡֱӱ飬Ϊǹ䡣
أ
ǹһĽٴδɽ֮ڴ˳Ƭָֻԭ
Ϲû˿Էӡң
ɭֱƽеƺޱȣһͬī֭һٴδɽһЩ΢СĲɼС˳γһɫƲ㣬ƺҪһ㡣
ûзӡģϹ̫Ըˣ߿ԼҲСң
һڵɽ֮ϺУγһϸ΢ľ磬ڼӲɽĥţʱһãͻºۼԽԽ
ҵĳͷ֮վҪˣ
ɭгѪ壬޾ջǺҵǣҵĺɣǵˡ

ϣٴαһӣһͷͷޣһ壬ѷڵµ棬Ѫ
ζ
ƣƬ洫Ľкƺܵʲô˵ĥһ㣬˴̹󣬺ԵƬûκκۼһ˿ƤëѪҲû£ʲôҲûзһ㡣


807 

һ̶ƿռٴαһϢ֮ڵĸߴӰƬ֮ڣһ֣µ棬ɪɪ
ҵ⣿
޾η͵Ϣ֮ڴ˳
ߣ
һĺɽ֮ڴ˳ռ䶼һҡѹ죬ֱӾͽӰ˳ȥڵѪ
Ϊһαһβѵ֪ǹؼʱô
ŭ쳹ƬأõǵϢ͵ӰٴƷѪֵ̿ڵأζϵĿͷ
ҵѾˡ
ΡΡ͵İ׹֮ڴ˳
ôһСҲ첻ã
Ʈ۳һӴĿɲͷſڿ𣬡ս£ֻңܸһøɿڵʳҲô
ҵڲûо߱ҵʵ
͵ǲϵĿͷڵѪ䣬ƺʮֵҵ嶼ˣΪʵ̫Сˡ
⵽Ҳǡ
ǸɲĶħͷɨӰһȦǻҾʹ
๾࣡
ĵ쳹һīͬˮˮɽ֮˳Ӱڡ

Ĳҽʱʹīд˳ǵħĲҺһ㣬̶˲
ùЩڵȫ뵽Ӱ֮ڣâ͵Ĺͬմء
лĴ裡
Ĺȥؿĵġ顯죬Щ
ȥɣǵ´θҴζʳȻʳô
гв֮⣬ǣƺȴ͸¶һ
ҵˡ
͵Ӱٴζɽ幧Ĺ֮󣬲վƿռȥ
꣡
ռڣһɫӰӶ
ٺ٣
ǵЦ͵İ׹֮ڴ˳ղŵһȣʮǧϧȻһƵԴȴǲ㰡һС
ûŶûУ㻹ǳʣµİɣեĵԴҾҪ񣬺ٺ٣
ëȻЦĺԶϧȴûܹ

˰
ƺԤ֪˷ֻز̨ף߱Ŵ˳ӭ˽ȥڶྪȵĿ⡣
ͼˡ
Цݿ̸š
޷޷
ҲЦӯӯ˳ųȥ
һһ̸һԵֻȴһĨɻɫ
壬ͬ壬ȻڳѾ࣬Ҳ˵Ȱɣ
ֻغܲףΪ߻ԷǰĿ飬ȻҪԿӭӣԾͺܲϳ
һͷܹôӣ
Դˣֻر˻ɵ̬ȡ
Ȼ˵ܻῴϽͨ㼸ֺõ̬ȣ
Уè壡
ʱֻ뵽ѩҪԭ򣬶ʱһĨ˼
꣬ȷǿҲŴʧ̬ǣЩȻĴ￹⣿
ԴˣֻһֱŻɵ̬ȡ
ӵ츳ӵּҲԲһȥִ
ǣԴż֮УǴ䣬ټ̬ȣʱõֻĸࡣ
ڴʱЩѩԡ
һɢŹϵĴǰλ峤վȺţķƹڶһĨĹâ߶ǲƻһ͹ɲǼһĨ磬ܿ
峤
΢ЦŸƽܵ
Сӷƣλ峤
λɽһߣЩæ˵
޷޷
˶һԣֱõķһ㶣ԴЩ£׾Ƿʲô¡
壬Ҫ˶ԴԼɣ
Ūף⾿ĸڳ⡣
λŰɣ
һ֮󣬼߲Ƕλ峤˵
ţ
λ峤һ۵˵ͷֱһָһ貵Ĺâû뵽֮ڡ
ˣ
һ˸âĴǴӴ¶˳תţһɶǵϢõķƲɵһݣһĨȻ
˸ôǾԻᱻ飡
˿ɣǷǸǶ󣬹ϵ۱ҲǺ


808 Դ

λ峤ͬʱһ߶貵âȻڻƶϵĴ󣬿ķƲһֻҲһĨ⡣
꣡
¡¡¡
һ󣬴űǻȻʱһɹ϶ֲɣϢ
ӡڵģһߺܰʯΧʯ˸Ĺ󣬿ȥӲޱȣâȴǿ͸ʯʵʡ
߰ɣ
ɨһ۷ֻأ΢Ц˵һǴһȺ߽ʯ֮ڡ
һ֮һĴԲʯұʱʯľͷ棬һߺֻеӨż
ЩӨ⣬ƱǿʯҵΧʯϣǲһɬַ·ӡǣһĪĹƣ
ѵͨɽĴʹ󣿡
һâɨܣƺҪסЩ·ǣһ۹ԺڱһҵѣΣڣããһƬκ
һ·ѣȻƣ
ƲŻָ˹һƬȻ
ҪȥסЩ·ȴܵĪĳƺЩ·ܹܵһ㣬ǿˣȴһ˿һҲǲסǿм䣬ͻһƬѣΡ
鷳ˣ
˿ϸĽָݸ˼ߣǿ˵
С£
ߵһЦóָڵƷʯڰŪԭʯұһƬ貣ޱȡ
Ȼ㽫ڴģͿˣ
Լʱ߲ͷ󺹣ɫ԰׵˳óһö˸貹âιƬݸơ
ʲô
һ㶣ܹоöĴָСιƬУ̲һɼΪµֱӱֻܽըķǣʱȻ
δ˵ĴڣȻԪƺȥûʲô𣬵ǣ̲ص쾧Ҳ޷⣡
Դ
ãɫҲһ㶣Ǹ͵
Դ
ɲףҲûʣȴǺףΪԴĶ϶֮
л룬лλ峤
Ǹмĳż˹ֵл
С£С¶ѣ
˶ǴŹ˵ţźۼıܿ档
״õվڷֻһ
Щϸ΢Ķ˿ܲε⣬ǣֻأȴܹжϳƶһСԭ򣬶ʱвȻ
ףǷʲô£ΪЩ˻ֵķӦǵλΪҪܿƵ
ΨһĿܣڷƵҪη
С
Բܣ
߰ɣ
֮㣬תһ˼·һͬһǰһ߽ʯ֮ڡ
ɽ磬ˣ
ĺ˿ȥ
Ļϣ
Դĵʱֻصһ䡣
ʲô
ãȻĻͷǣһ貵ĹâȴǴӵĴ󱬷Χʯϵ·Ҳ𽥵һϵϢ˹סڣȻƿֻͶ˶ȴǲ֪˵ЩʲôһɼĸоͻȻȫı˵Ĵ󣬱һʧصĸоУƯһ㣬ûаȫУƺԼԼƿ֮һ㣬ĸоܲϰߡ
ô
ΧһƬɣͬǴһ㣬õķƺΪã
ףռΪλ᲻һ
ҪȴǷֲ˵ָͷڵԪһ˿һҲòˡ
ɽ磬ˣ
˿۾֪ٴ۾ʱԼѾһ統ˡ

֮ǰ峤վű貹âˣڶӵɫ
Ǹо˰ɣ
߿ǰĹâδʯңеʵ
š
峤һأ˵ͷڶһĨ𺳵ɫ
ȻӼ˵ʱǾͱŲŵǣڸղȴǱ֤ʵˣ
Ϊ֮ĲԲд
ҡ
һƬ貵Ĺâʱ֮ڣҪͼλע˵Ķ̬룬Բ÷Ұķչ϶жбҪ֮ӻң
š
λ峤һۣٴεͷ
Ҫ´غɽ硭
˵仰߱ǼҴҵĳʯȥ
߰ɣ
λ峤˿߳ʯ󣬴ٴιرգһĴٴ۶ɣ˴֮ڣǻָ״̬


809 
˴ɾһ㣬羰续ɽٲӣ̶˻Ľˮ


Цʮֵöĸһ㣬˲ҪȥȴǺ˷
̶֮ڣ׻һƬ֣ӵоյŮϷţ顢أʱʱ֣ǰ񳹳ɵ־¶Ĳǣһɨţû˿Կջ
ϧȴûܹ۸һĻ
Ů֣ȫûעΧĶ̬Ҳûз֣ͻأֵǸڵ㡣
ͨ
Ǹڵ㣬׼ȷľ͵뵽̶֮ڣˮͬʱ徻ּ䣬
Ǹеģ
һŮһָǸڵеƺǼʲôΪϡһ㡣
ʲô
ŮҲסˣǸˮŮǽһ͡
һأôеģ
ڶЩɻɫȴûжСŮҵĺ֮⣬еģǾѡ
ι˭ô
ŮʵŭƺǸ߹ܵ˴һ㣬ԡ
ãҲûзӦƺ˻һ㣬üͷҲ΢һ
Ӧˣ
һСŮ˸źĹâ૵˵ƺһ˿ǵɫ
ߣһ˶ѣɱ˵ˣ
һԲСŮȴǲ޵ĺһЩм֮⡣
ⲻмƺΪǸеģ
ˮ㡣
ǹСŮһסԲŮ˵ҿͦģͷŹɡ
˵ˮ£㲻ϲе˰ɣ
ԲŮˮĿʵ
ˮ㣡
СŮʱţ˵¶һĨ糺֮ɫںŭ
˺ˣҲɱ˻ô
ˮЩܲСãεķ˷ֻۣܴӦ
ιɱˣϽϴ裡
ŮţȴûзӦ⵽õΪ֮һ㶡
Ǽһò˰ɣ
ˮգ´۾ĳȥ߶ϵĶˮ棬ܹһĨ˵̺죬ǣƺԴ˺һ㣬ƺûʶԼ塣
ι
۵ֱۣǳֱȥ
ৣ
ƺʶϮԼһ㣬ԭڻ״̬꣬ͻȻı𣬳ֱסֻϮֱۣĴ֣õɫһһһǵŮȫԼǰǶһһ˵Ļȡ
ϣ
ˮûзͱס۵С־ͬǯסһ㣬ʹõʹҲһĨҡ
Ϊ֮ϣоһɳԽԼܴڣ
ſˮ㣡
Ů΢΢һ֮ҲǷӦ˹ǻڣΧ̶ֱӱˣֱӾ¶ǰõɫһ죬æתͷȥٿ
꣬ȻǷˣ
һֱǴʵ״̬ܸûиӦڸܵܵϮƵѹ
ſң
ˮ˫һﾹȻԽԽˣ۵ֱмȺΪθղûɱһ
ŶŶ
ƻҵӦһʮ֮վֱ߲ͣԲҲģ£
ЩĿǴ˹õŮΪ֮һ
ҹ⻹ģ
ˮȴǴŭ౻ֱۣھۣŭһܵĻ棬ֱգһ˫ҲͨһƬһŮһ㣬ΧȻٲˮ𣬰ããһƬ
ȥɣ
˫һͷĻּȶſĳֱŷƺײȥ
ৣ
ȣһݣһ̤Уֱӳڼ׿⡣
λҲǹģϣܹԭ£
ԶԶĴһ̵ܵûټˮԭš
̤С
ŮͣѵǼһﾹȻһˣ
ߣһôһأҿܵȥ
ˮȲˬϻȼҧгݵţһ˫֮ڣĪ֮⡣
ˣ᲻óǴɱˣ
ôһ˵СŮˮڶʱһĨţ󳤳һ˫΢΢һչǳŷ֮׷ȥ


810 츳
꣡
ƿ쳹һɫӰһԶƺк׷һ㣬ͷҲһء
ৣ
ãܵû׷һŲ֮ϣ΢΢˿һĨжظ
ղǸԲŮ汬ܣʵľоԼܻĶ֣
ɽ˾Ȼǿ󣿡
һĨȻо޲޷ƽϢ
ȻֻǴԵһۣǣܹоĵŮΪǼΪˣĻ漸ǳ֮ǳһƬûаʵĻ棬ܵв
ٻĺɽɫɵ
ɽˣ˵ǿôʵԱ
ͬʱɫһ塣
ˣ⾿ʲôطԼΪλ
ģӦϴ裬ԼȴͻȻĵˡ
ǻŮףɫһ죬һĨΣ
ԼôͻȻˣŮҲԲܰɣ
ȥϴ
ԲһȥŮֶԸûĿܣֱܻӱˡ
ֻ˵Բˡ
˼΢̾һһĨơ
ΪԼͻȻĳأֵֻȥˣ
ףֻأ
ʱ򣬷ƲֻɨӣûзֻأȴǿһСŮų£һ˫۶ɵ˫ԼٳԼ׷˹ʱ꾡ðȾܡ
ܣ
Ҫ䣬ˮżĽеʱŵķæ̤飬ÿһңֵٶȼ졣
֪Ҳԣϣԭ£Ĳǹģ
ܣƱ߽š
ʱСŮżĽΪˣܣô
ϽͣסǱΣգǻɱģ
Żҵõķƶס˽Ųת
ϣ
΢һ㶣ǸܵһɿֲƥԶ𣬶ʱëһĨ֡
ʥˣ
طֹŮʥˣ
Ʋа
벻ˣΪԼͨط
ͻأģԺһ仰
Ļϣ
ʯֻض˵һ仰
⴫ͲûжҴ͵İɣ
һ䣬г鴤š
㰡ˣ
ˮҲܵǹɲʱΪżĽе
㣿
һ㶣ɵĿ
ŮרԼİɣ
ôģ
ˮ
ˮָ·ĺ
Ŷ
Ҳûа취ˣʥˣӲˣԥֱ˺֮ڣ֮Уסһȴŵǡ

ˣˮ²Ǻ˿ڷӹƵĲֱ֮ԶƶţƺڵȴЩʲô
ȻûʱԶʾͳһӰ
ŮһɫĽ£պǽŮߣĹ˳£һѩ׻۵ĳȣõйɻȵĳ嶯δۿɼ졣
ô㣬ˮ£
ŮӼˮ±ЩĺǺ
ˮϡ
ˮѹѹµĻңͷȥŮӶӣƺǺԼڵĲȻ
ҸղźоһϢôգۼͲˣ
Ůɨܣü΢΢𣬿૵
ʲô壿
ԣˮһ㶣ǲĿ
ܹ̤Уǿһϣһˣĸξһܹ̤У
԰
Ůӵ˵ͷˮһۣˮ£мô
ûûм
ˮһţͷȥҡͷ˵ȴһĨΡ
£仰ڲǷͬʱһĨɻ
ŮΪҪԼ
ûУ
Ůһһ뵽ˮ¹ԹŮĸԣҲûбȥҲǣһأûܹĽҲҸӦ˰ɡ
أ
һ㶣壬ȸ֮ɣ
żмأȸ壬ֱΪˣ
ԣһŮ˵ǻ壬вɵһ
ȱȸ츳
˵УȥķˣܹӵһĻᣡ
ֻȸе츳Ҳֻȸܴ漣
壬Ӧл˵Ĵڰɣ
лҪӵһܹҪӵȸ츳УˣǿѡĿ֮һ


811 ˮ
ˮ˵˼֮ŮҲûǷȥ

ԶȥĻӰˮ΢ĺ˿ٴһĨΣ׵ҧס۵촽֮Щס
˵ѵĸоܲܣҲףԼΪλ˵ѱӻǸꡣ
Գˣ
ڸоǹɲ֮ˮ˿ת·ʵĺ˵
ৣ
һӰӺ֮жվڰߡ
л֮
Ƴ˹֣ھǸм֮ɫ
ȻԼпռ츳ȴһռ棬̫Ԫˣֲ˶ãʥ˶Լ֣Ǹ޿ӣֻ·һ
ͬʱһĨھΡ
㲻һˣ
ˮվԲԶˮڣ˸źɫǺɵʵö
塣
ڨڨһЦͷ͵
壿
ˮһĨ˼ɫʵܹ̤еģ
ǰֻ꣬ξһѣԲӦģ
Щ⡣
˵ţƽڵСק˳ʵڴ̤顣
Сɻ󣬺޹
Ȼ
СŮסɰС쾪
ţ
һܹӵпռ츳̫ѽˣҲֻгˣԣǰСŮֱӾˡ
ǣΪʲôһأ
ˮºɻʵ
ʵҲ֪Ϊλ⣬ô
ƿЦ˵ҲΡ
⻹ãǳһЩΣյĵطǻܻ
ʵ˵Ҳǰȫĵطɱذ
ţ
ˮ¿ǰ˫ĵ˵ͷ
лл
һ㶣ֿ˵
㻹ǸϽ߰ɣһأл룬ǱǷ㣬ˣҲסģ
ˮЩе˵ŷҪ뿪
Ŷõģ
Ҳһֱһʥ˼ĳٴγɾֻ·һˡ
Ҫߵʱɨܣȴǲ֪Լôĸȥӣǳڡ
λʲô֣
ҪʳڣƱǷֵԼҲǰŮʲôֻ֣ˮµʱԼˮ֡
ˮ£ˮ£
Ůƺ˿ʣԷƸûֱӾ˵Լ
ƣ
˫ˮӣһĨΡ
㴿ϾӣδǰŮһŰֽһ㣬ƺûнӴն
ҲδصԵʰɣ
ҲֻһδӴˣ˴һˡ
߰
Լ㶣ˮǴߴٵ
ǣҪǱ߲ܳȥأ
ڨڨʵ
㲻֪·
ˮˮ۾һɣղŷ˵ʱЩԥһҧ촽
ǰСֱ֣Ӻ޹˼ɵŷƵƣּ
ϵԺڲɵһĨΪ޵ľ󣬶ʱиǶһݲ
Ƿ磬ԼŮӵףǾԻᱻɱǧڣŮǵûмӣңҪԼ߳⴦أ治֪Ҫôеˡ

˼Ǻɽ֮ˣԼʲôǿõĳֵģ
壬ܹӵ츳ˣԻʵǳԶܹ⣡
ңҲǱܵģԼղȴŴ򡮻ˡ⡭
ͻȻ䣬ƾãԼǰŮһȣƺʹħ
ֻҡˡ
̾һ
ãһͷǰҲµ֡
Ϳ߳ȥˡ
ˮָǰһɽµһڵĶڣתԷ˵Һλ㾭ܳȥĳȥ档
˵䣬ھ˷ܣƺڴ
Ŷ
ڣƲ΢ķлˮ¹

ˮ´۾۶˵Ҳ¶ǳǳľѣͻأģɫһ䣬תʣãˮƺ׷ˣ
ʲô
һ㶣ǿһĨǳɫʱɫҲǴ䡣
ߣ
ˮһĨңŷƵƣǳڵĶ˽ȥһ·ӣ˼ʱ֮󣬲ɽһУ˲һïʢɽ֮ڡ
ˣˮһ֪ˣ
ˮ·ſ˷ƵƣˮھǻҵɫЩ졣


812 һ
֪ˣ
ŻˮҼɫһüͷ֪ˣǻô
Դ뱾ڡ洦ãء
ƺ뵽ʲôˮľ͵СͷҲЩ죬ҲһһģֱӾͿ˾ġ
⡭
Ȼ֪ʲôǣһСŮˣиǲùˣǰһԥǷס˫磬ˮ¹鱾ҵĴûκιϵȥ˵ɣ
Լ½ңͨͣƾ֤˼룬Ӧòôɣ
УˮϾԻɱģ
ˮ΢΢һǰ˫ֿ۾֪ΪΣͻȻľͿ˼ģָоڽûиоģǰδеĸоһңͷȥȥ
߰ɣ
΢һЦС֣Ǵڷȥ
СŮԼڹһ
Իȥ
ˮ̧ͷһʱͶס˽Ųҵ˵
İɣһ˵Եɵġ
ƳοһЦ
ΪԼܵĴƾãҲӦøӰɣ
еģ
ˮһֱҡͷһأǾԲԱ֪ģһˣҲŹģ
⡭
ɫһ
ҲǰЩԼ֪˻ڣң֪һͨ廹пԼ
ӰɣȻˮϾ׷˾ˣ
ˮҵĴŷ뿪
أ
վԭزߵĻˮ£üͷһƺСŮЩʲô
ҪԼе
ǻˣǲ뿪صģȻ档
ˮʣһĨǿ
һߣȻһ£
ɫһҲԸԸ⣬ỬϸС֣һСվͷ֮ϣ֮УӶȥ

ңڵˣɾǶ˼ϣ
ǣֲĿԼŮΪԼĹʧ洦ãԣΨһİ취һӣ
뿪ûжãƬɽֱǱɫȾˡ
ôһͨ
ųµˮɽ˳һ˫ͫȼܵĻ棬ɨܣȴûзʲôټʱһ㶣ȻôͲˣ
ѵǣ̤У
ܿ뵽ȥʱֻֻһĻȣռƿ˽ȥԶԶģÿһɫβһʱɫ䣬ҧȻѵһˣ
һ壬ȻôһأΪܵô
Ůӻڣһ޴Ļͼ׳ǧһŻ⣬ٵ׷ȥ
ˮϣ
֮ˮ৵Ĳ԰ף
ã
ɫһ䣬ʹСռ䣬⼱ǧһɽ֮ڣϢ

ܿ죬Ƭռͱƣˮһͷ޻һƺƵ˳ɨܣȴûиӦϢѵռ䣿

ٴƿնߣռ֮ڣһӣʱȴӰҲûͣһãϵˣ
ϻȥʱѰǧ֮ľȼɻҽȴûзκεټ
ôҵֵʱ£
ˮƲѣüˮô£Ȼ˽ڣ
벻ףΪһɵСˮ£ȻΥ飬¶ΪҪĸݵأԻǷǳġ
ڣƾһ֮Ѿ޷׷Ѱȥˡ
ͨʲôʱµģ
ֻصǰĶڣˮɽߣһɽʯųɫʪȣ૵Ӧһκܳˡ
ܿģҵˮŮ
˵
ˮĿˮ
ǰǻԵ״̬
ˮ˵ͷЩҧгݣһɣǼһпװģ
ֱϵʹоһ󲻷ޡ
ԴˣˮŰɣͨǳʥˣҲԲϢĽ
Ĵ󣬿ɲǳصģʥ˴룬ҲһҪϢǴۣ
ȥ峤
ˮĿһˣ
ˮϣô£
ˮһ㶣һɲõԤС
ˮѳˣ
һ仰õŮ׻


813 ˹
һΰ˺ϢĴܴϵͬϹһ㣬ġ
֮ڣһټĵ̾ƣһ˫ƥӣ䣬ĮһС
һλĸߴ󣬷԰׵ǰߵͻأģһ͵˫֮ڱûߵԺڡ
ʲô
䣬Ī̧ͷޱȾ㵵Ŀǰĵܣоʵˣѵģһꣿ
ŲڿտĴ쵴󣬵ǣȴûκεķӦһ糣
Ӧòд
˼վóʯֱ顣

ԣǱҵ꣬аˣ
׷߶ǰһŮصĽ
ˣôһ壿
һȻʵ͸¶Ըŵɫ
½ԾǴ˵дô
ߵĿһۣЩõ˵
ˣʲôطʲôʵΣ
ΨһǸ欻𱬵ŮӿʵǺȴһĪ̲ڣ˲ܺӡ
½ͨôӦþͻƬ򡭡䲻ʮЯһͷСʵǲͻһ㾳磬ͬʱӵּּ֮츳
˵䣬ԼҲǸпѣڹâ˸ԾഫҲʵ
ʲô
һ棬𶯲ѡ
һ˳ʶڵˣ
ǶǴҴҵȥ
ΪʲôǸ갡
һ뵽ղż˵ǾͷһƬʱжǿ
ǱҵǾûϷˣ
ʱǶǵһʱжиټֲȥȫѰһξһ㣬Я꣡
ˡ
ߺٴγŵܹȥƺʲô

ˮŮ峤סʱȴǵ֪峤Ϊȸ峤˹ȥ˵м̣û취ֻܵȴˡ
ˮϣΪ˵ˮأ
ˮһ˫۾Щ죬Ųʵ
ǰˮϣˮ²ûʲôͲһô
ŮҲǰ
ãϦദ鼫Ϣ˵جһ㣬޷ܡ
ˮ˽أǲʵ
ˮüͷͬһɨˣǵͷȥرܵǱ˳ȥһĻаȫԣ
̫СзܵȴûϱԱ͵ųȥĳˣ
ڣˮһѵ˶԰ףΪ̻̲
ǰͨҲܹͨģ
ôͨ˭ͨģ
Ҫ֪ΧдܹһУµأȫڣȻȻ乥ˡ
ˮΪǵĵط
ƣͨӦѾͨ˼ʮˣΪ̫ΣҲһֱû֣⼸ʮ˭ãʲô£
Խ룬ԽǾÿ£һӼ׵̲סһ
һɼȲԤС
ৣ
һ죬һ𱬵Ӱڴڡ
Ŷˮڰٶȥټȫ弯ϣҪҪ
ǻ峤һˮڳֱӷԸһų¶һЩżɫ
峤ˡ
ˮ΢΢һ˿ɫЩȻ˵
ˣ
峤ĿĿɨͬǱСˮŮǴһĨɵЦ⣬˵СһֵƤˣ
峤ˮ¡
ˮһĨӣЩѵ˵
ôһ˵ˮŮǴĿ⿴
ˮǵĽãǲĿˮ±дͻܵ׷ɱ
һ뵽㣬Ứ
ôˮ³ˣ
峤ɫһ࣬Ҳ
ǰã츳ǲرˮ£ȻǹԹŮ󣬵ǣʵȴŮ츳ΪǿһˣΪǻת
ǲ⣬ˮ£ԻΪδԣʱˮŻǰȥ׷ϣΪģʵҪ׷ػˮ£
츳ˣʧ𰡣ԣǰɫԣ峤Ҳǽ
峤ˮ¡˹ˣ
ԥãˮһŮһ̾Ż峤˵
ʲô
峤һӻûӦˮʵ˵ǣˮ±˹ˣ


814 ź
ˮôһ˵ˮŮ˿ˮͶȥмĿ⡣
ǻ峤ȴˣЩЦǼˮһصɫжһѿʵˮһ֮ڣôᱻ˹أ
ͻȻ㣬ڷ״̬ǻ֮أֻл徫Ӣܱѡˣ˸ܽ룬Ҫһǣ棬ûеģ
峤ɡ
ˮ̾˿Ż峤ǴܵȥˮŮҲں
ǡ
ǰܵ峤ɫʱͱˣ˵棬ܵǰ΢ĴһɫϾ˵Ѿ˴ͨʮʱˡ
ʱ͵һɫѿ
ãź
һߣŻغȥˮˮŮ仰ҲһƬ԰ףѸٵĸȥ

һƬɽ֮أΧݲһƬڣаֱĻɽ֮ڣϺɫޱȵҽ𣬽񷶼ȾһƬɫǱպһ㣬һһþĴ
ৣ
һͨӰ⴦ɽϣһƬ죬ſֱۣƺڸӦЩʲô
䣬ɫԽԽѿ
ৣ
ƿվǰȴӿһɲԤУرˮŮҰޱȣɫѡ
ֻΪ̰棬ԣûнܵϱȥ
𣡡
ͻأģ峤ŭһ˫һ̧ɽڵҽǷɽڣȴմͨҽ£ΧһƬ죬ڡ

һ޴źӻɽ֮ڻ𣬼ͷ򥡢߾걳βһ˸ʹâ
һ˺
ˮҪȥʱȴǱˮŹȥ
X
Ľӻ峤д쳹ǧأһӰĴӶȫǳۼ˹˺ǶЩȻҲ˹ȥ
ȸ֮ŮҲһͷˣǻʼ棡
ͣ
ͬѪһ㣬ûаʵĻӻ峤³߻˺ڣ䣬ӦܻĻ˺Ȼʼڻ
ʱȫɫǾ䣬֮͸¶ȵľֻ
ǲףΪԼ峤Ҫʼź
ǲǻźǻԽͨ鷲
һվ
ʲô
ȫǾȻĿɿڴ
Ϊʼźһͨ鷲أ
X
Ļ⣬һƬƬƲʶҡ飬峤죬ŭе˭ȡһźҪȫ峥
ŭˣ
ʼźþ͸Ӳ˵ˣܹ۱񱦣
ңǴ˳ȥôҲɨأҪǣǽ
»棬ҲڴĻ
ȫл֮ڶ¶֮̿ɫ
źȻ˵ȡˣ
Ǹ֪ʲôطܹĽǴﵽ˼µĴۣȻԲϢĴ
һ뵽д۶Ի֣ǽǻ
ˣΣӣ
ྲ
ĳ棬峤عԣϯǻɽ緢һ㣬ѹȥɨȫղˮѲʱ֣һھȻһܵ
ʲôô£
лɫһ󷢰ףһĨ𾪡
ڴϴһƿҲ֣Ҳһܹģ
˿ֻҪǴۣԻĿǰʵǲģ
ڣλһͬȥ޸ܵ˲뿪ذ벽
˵꣬峤𣬴һڳϳԶȥ
޸ϣѾǵ֮ˡ
ȥɣźʧȱ𴫳ȥˡˮ£
峤˻֣ǲɢڳϣˮ
峤
ˮɫҲÿĻҪ⡣
źֹǾźǻĵ̣ǿУӵдѪܹ֮ԵУܱ׼۱
ˮˮ¡Ǳ˭ߵģ
峤̫Ѩüͷˡ֡
ź͵ԣһѪΪĺȴ˹ߣ£õΪջ
񡭡һ塣
ˮҲǺȷ˵
壿
峤۾΢΢˸ΣյĹâһ壬ôһڵģʶˮµģ


815 
ˮ˵ǸǴϵġ
ˮüͷɫЩ˵š
ɣˮΪ˸ˮڻԣűģ
ֱ
峤һӣһ䣬ȥˮˮɸҽй
ǣ
洫һŮžƿԶ
ˮȻ֪£Ϊûֹˮ뿪
ǻ峤Ϊɻĵط
ˮΪʥˣôһˣ

ˮЦһʵ˵ҵʧҷֵ̫ˣңӵһͷ̫죬ԣҲû׷ˮ¡
ţ
峤һ㶣һУ˵Ǹӵһͷ
û
ˮ϶ĵ˵ͷ͵Ҵܵ׷˳ȥʱռԶԶһۡӦͷ

峤üͷ۾ܾԼԴЩϤৡһ£վЩɫٴʵ㿴Ŀһͷɫ۷ң
ˮʧ̬ķӦһ㶣Ǽȵɫǵ˵ͷûͷɫ
壬ɫ۷塭
ģ峤һɨգҲЩɫƺΪ׷ʵɿˣǲǳĺ㣿ǲΪƣǲξһңӵּּ֮츳
ǰ챻ȸ峤ȥǷǳΪʲô£ԼܹҵǸꡭ
һ룬ѹֲסеļ

һĻˮЩӦԽԽǾЩס
ǻô
ǿԼ峤һٵģƺҲ٣Ż˵峤ʵҾ͸ӦϢûпʲôӡ
ʲô
峤һ˼ĿǳôҪ飬ôȷأҲӦʲôְ

ˮһ͵ĿǶ˶û˵
Ǹܱˮ»Ҫô
޷Լ峤ôˣѵǡ
ˣ
ǣȥʱͼˡ
ˮ΢΢ͷԼڵɫ
⡭
һ⻰峤Ǵõ˵˵Ĵһһϣ˵ǳĻ
ô
һƨȥɫЩȻ
ȸ峤˵Ǹ֮оͷǳǸ˵ʲô˵ֺ꣬ԺǳΪҲпܵ飡
ڣȷ֪
ת䣬ˮƺˣܴ˱壬ԥѵ峤ֵʱˮȷֵġ
ţ
һ⻰峤ʱһʵ˵ˮˮҲӴꣿ
峤ˮˮɴ
ʱ洫һŮ
ǽ
峤һվ
峤
ˮˮԾͱǰҪ࣬һ԰ޱȣûаѪɫЩɫѪ˿ǴȦڣھεɫ
ˣֱӾͽźʧԼͷˣټˮ¾Ҫ壬ǸԵЩأήҲ
ôˣ
㲣峤һ㶣ӭȥ˫ֺâ֣Ůڣ֮Ϊ֮һ䣬ԭ԰׵Ͼ¶һ˿˿糺졣
峤ǲãܵûϱûźʧģء
˹ȥصĿǰĲͣĵš
ʲô
˵Ļ峤һɨһһԵˮЩЦֺһѣ˷˵Ŷ󰡣źѾʧʮˣôʧأ

ԣŮ㶵Ŀ
ͨʮǰʹˣǸʱǻûء
˵ţ峤̾˿˵ҲȫҵĹЩȻܹӦȴһֱûϸļ顭
źѾʧ˼ʮܹ꣬һصļ̫ˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬ͷȥ̵̻վҲ
ˣˮ˵ȷǸģ
峤˻һ˫Ůϣʵ
ꣿ
Ůһ㶣һĨã
ô
ǵ峤ʱͽ׷ʵѵˮµˣûм


816 ϵش
ǣǸ尡
ˮЩ̵̻ĿԼ峤Сı˵
壿
峤ЩȻĿһһҲͬ۲ˮʵôܲأˮϲ˵Ǹ壬ˮô
峤ҲΪǸ壬ǡȻܹ̤УԣӦһ˲Ŷԣ
ˮ΢΢üͷ͵
ʵڷƵʱҲ϶壬ǣôӵпռ츳أû취ͣԣֱӱൽһˡ
ռ츳
⻰峤һĨ⣬ĳһûһ㵵ˮˮʵǲǽзƣǲǺ㣿Ϊǲξһңһӵּ֮츳츳

ʻõˮΪ֮ͣĿ
ʧ̬峤ǵڶμϴΣǰ
롣
ƺҲʶԼ̫ļˣ峤һĨЦŵ£롣
ͻȻĺɫ峤һԵˮֱӻز
Ǹô棿
ˣ壬̫ˣ
ѵǸˣһʥޣԲҪ׷ɱ
ҵĻţ峤ʱģƺҪ׷ɱӡ
ˮʱǾˣ
ʱ峤ֱֱˮ±ߵ飬һһȥ֤ʵǸȥˣ
˹ŹֵķӦ޷⣬ѵһܱ꣬ԼδΪҪô
ôһûУ
ò׵ˮŮã״ָ̬˹峤̲סٴ׷ʵ
⡭
ˮһʱȴ벻ղžʲôˡ
峤ǲ֪ʲô죬ںϴ裬ǴͻȻġ
һԵˮɳš
ϵ
峤һ㶣۾һˣӦֱӴ͵һ֮ڣԲŻģ
ʱаٷ֮ʮİգˮµˣǸƣ
ĳȷǱȽ㣬Ϊξһ۷ӡ
ˮɼ˵
ţǼһȻξȴܴ󣬸ҵΪЩеһȣ
ԼֱۣˮҲһߵĲһ׷ײƽ
ԼûɱȴǱˣȻޣ
츳϶
ʱ峤Ѿȷ
峤һҪˮ£޹ģ룬϶ǱǸļһٳˣѲŴ߳صģһҪǶħоȳˮ°
ˮӦΪԼĺý
ٳ֣
峤һ㶣һ顣
пܣ
ڽ֮ڣһһ壬ƺҲֻôһ·ѡˣ
Ψһҵǣûбˮɱˣıɱ
һ뵽ȸ峤˵Ļ䲻Ĳһ¡
ǾԻǻѣпܻ˶
пܵ飡
ϸĽ췢˵һ飬˵Ļ˵顭
òСˣΪпΪˮ׷ɱУԺпܽŭ塣
û˻׷ɱԼкøУ
㣬ȷţ
ԣеϲɢȥɫҲ
Ŷġ
һ࣬ˮҲҺ˵ˮһͬһһʮȫ˵˳Ƶÿһÿһ顣
֮ˮºᱻϴɱԾ׷˹ȥ
ˮɲһ仰
Ŷ
峤꣬΢΢˿
ŮʵôӦòˣȻ⵽ˮƣȫпܽ˴ɱڵûôĻԣӦûŮĻβŶԡ
һ뵽Ůӵ֮˵۾һ
ҲΪһת۵㣬رˮΪ˾Ÿȥģиϲ
ҵȷǸˮˡ
ڻ峤Ŀ⿴ˮ֮Ҳǽʱ˵˳õĻ峤󶨡
ˣô黹ûеĵزңл֮ܽչɺ£
ˮȻԸȥȫѰˮ£ǵãһҪƴߵλ꣬аˣô
Ŀɿڴ£峤صĶ
ڣѰλ꣬ƺԼռ˺ܴưֻҪҵˮ¾Ϳˣ
ǵãϵһ˥һҪԶԣ
Ϊ˷ֹǲΪǣٴþһ䡣


817 ֮
ǣ峤ûϵǣΪ嶼ǽʣƺѰʲô˵ӣõķƱǣǣһ·ûͣſСˮһֱ䣬ֱԶһƬͣ
Ѿ뿪ʮˡ
ųڵƽϵȻƵٶȻһԱСĻˮ£΢̾˿
һжԼģ
ˮ£
ڵ棬ŻˮЩС֣ңһصģ
Դ֮壬ţһԼվ۷壡
ֻҪӵгʵǿΪϣûʲôǰ첻ģ
š
ֱŷ˫ŵӣˮͻȻûҵƽ࣬ƺţܹ˵ĳŵ
ǾͿɣ棬Ǻܾʵģ
ƳһЦָԶĳ˵ջĿ˵ĳУǱĸӺŶ
棿
ˮ̧ͷԶһӴĳ̾ʱ۾һĨڴ档
ͱѡ˻֮ڣûнӴ磬ֻܿһЩ鼮˽⣬ԣ磬ǱһݺʮֵҪ߱磬ȥ鼮ŵǷʵĴڡ
ǣΪѪĴע߳أǣܹʥ˾磡
ڣȴͿĸŷһ˻أΪ˻桭
߰ɣȥĳп
¶棬¶һĨǳЦֱۣ˱СųȥڷƵĲ϶£ˮǿĵЦһ˫޳гǺÿ
ǰһ˪ĴǣȻųȣǣҲܱȺʳĻʳˡ
վס
˳ſھͱź׵ʿ
֮ˣ
һʿ¶âֱŻˮ£Ҳóһ˺ǹԪҲʼȣǳĿ
λֵܣѣи㡣
һ㶣ǰһóһö龧ȥʱõʿ۾һɫĽö龧պá
λСֵܣȰ㻹һϢȽϺãʱ۹ڴͷڣڲķǳϸ񡣡
˺ôʿҲ˳㻹һ䡣
ޣ
һ㶣һͬǲĻˮ£΢΢С֣ʾġλ磬˵ϸô
۵ٴóһö龧˹ȥ
Сֵʵ̫ˣ
ʱʿֱӽƵԼˣ龢õķЩԲҲЩڣǲǵݵ侧㹻ˣ
ΪҲǳɽ磬˽Щǰʿ龧ںɽӦҲǺܳԵĿĶ
ôĴۣʿ֪޲ԣҲԼ֪Ķȫ֪˷ƣʱõɫһ
ڶ۹˵У۹ɶۿںɽ޾£Ϊʮ۹֮һ
˵飬һͷ֪ǳĻڶ۹Ĵң˵Ѿ˼ʮǳأóǳصĴܼﶼͷУ˵ڶѾʥˣһҪͷޡ
εĻ޵ΪҲ۹Լƣпܻ˶ս£
ˮҪЩʲôȴǱֹѯ˻޳ֵĵص֮ǳʿ˹֣ĵлλ棡
ûˮϢ߽֮ڡ
ڵ֪ôϢ֮󣬻ˮ³׵û˹ֵ£ΣһΪĿջһԺס
ˮ£Ϣһϣ죬Ҿһȥͷ޺òð
ƺΣϵĳȰο
޷ԤϣԼɽ磬ȴǷһŮ˶顭
ⲻƣ
ˮŴỨĴ۾ŷơ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ
Һӣûô̰Ҫǣԣǻս£ΪĲ
εĻ֮ңƻɣ϶ԭ
˭۹սأ
۾΢΢оӦһıһҪսеı
ܹһͷޣıֻ£Ҳô򵥣
һ뵽ȥƱǴͷۡ
ôһɽʲô¶Լˣ
һУΪԼʵ̫ͣȻһж谭
Żˮ½˯εУƲŵ߳˷䣬ڣϴһ֮˯¡


818 С
˭
ڷƲûãʱǾʵ
ҡ
һϸ΢ŴЩ̻̲֮⡣
ˮ£
һ㶣˴齣ſȥţǼˮ´һվЩǵʵôˣ
ҡһ˯ϰߡ
ˮ˸˫۾ϸ˵
ţ
ڷһ䣬ˮ±ƿֱŴȥ
ˮ£
ôˣ
ˮתգŴ۾ɻĿ
ҡ̫ɣ
˫ӣг˳飬Щյ˵
СŮѵ֪˵һ˵ջж
ûϵ˯ů͡
ˮ΢΢һƿ˱ѣԼ˽ȥ۾૵˵ůͰڽڣÿζˮɽů
ףô˯أ
ã۾ķƻ㶵վɻʵ
⡭
Ů¶գõķƲ̧ͷȥ
㰡
ԥˮǴߴٵһֻźֳкš
ˮ£еģġ
Ǳ߻̬֮õķ̬ѣĺ˿ѹеļ¶ý̵˵
еģ
ˮһ㶣ΪѵģʱСһˮڷˮ⣬ʵĿǵ㡭㲻ҷɣ
ûУôأ
һ㶣ҡͷ֤
ΪʲôϺˮ˯
ˮ°գŴỨɵʵ

ŮǴ̾һ͵ˮ£֪ô磬Ůǲͬ˯һŴģǷ޲ſԡ
Ҫˮӣſϴô
ˮ˼ãǽԼݶԷ˵

ĿɿڴĿźϼ䣬˵
˯ɣˮӾͿˡ
ˮŷ۵С˵ƺԷֱĸв̬дһĨ޷֮ɫ
Ůڴϣ͵¹Ӵ˽һˣϴǦޱȳ
˳ĳҵ䣬Ľë΢΢ˮ۴˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬һվڲԶ귢롣

ǿһۣƱЩ٣ͷȥٿ
Ǹˣˣ˾ɫջ˵ĶǾǼٻǣȴȥǰǷŮ
㡭ˮ˰ɣ
ǳٳٲˮ°۾ˮǼ˯´ӼͷҲûͦذ¶˳ۡ
Ȼǣ
Ʋһ̧ͷǼ˵һĻҵƿĿ⡣
أ
һ΢΢һ̾һ˹ȥһƬƽŮ˯һСĵĨȥ۽ǵˮ˵ˮ£֪ϰףǻϲ˲ſԳΪ޵ģһΪޣͲܸˡ
㲻ϲˮô
ˮ´ŻЩʵĿǶŷʵ
Ȼϲ
΢΢һЦСĵĲϵۣ˵˯ɣ𡣡
֪Ѿ޷ͣϴãһȵĽǿ˹˱ǣˮͬһıֱϣ˯Ƿ۵ǣһĨԼľӨ
䣬ʵ̫ˣ
Žߵȴǳƽûʲô׳һзգ۾硣
ڶ죬ûֱӳŻ޶ҵĵطȥǴŻˮΪε꣬Ϊϰټ۸߰ȹ촩£¶˻ݡ
ɲǿЦģȥ˻޶ҵĵطǱǻ֮ˣǾԻᱻȺ֮ʱ򣬱˵ǵĻ֮ˣҲѱ
ÿô
һǳɫȹĻˮ´¼˳ڷǰתһȦ޳гʵ
̬޳ĵϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴ãǳɫȹƮյĶ֮ʱΧһЩ޵Ŀ⡣
ÿÿ
ƺƻЩӦǣŮڴĿ⣬ǵ˵ͷ
ӽ糿𴲿ʼˮ±Ƕˡĳƺһдʣ˵ǷԼ˵һϣǾҪһôƺ


819 
ŮˣǻˮرŮˣǻĸԴԣֻŮӢ֮˵ûĸӹܹõŮġ
ʱһɫԲ԰ףȵӣǵ§޵ŮӣƲĻһ·߽µ꣬һۣĿǷ˻ˮϣʱһƺǼµһ㣬ֱƿߵŮӣֱŻˮȥ
ǲǽҵĴүô
µ˺ܿϳʱǴһЩ΢ĺ
Ҫ˱̣ˡ
ϧǰľɫҪ竵ӵС
⽭츳һ㣬ǽȴǺ֮һ˵ǰЩѾͻһϾˡ
Ȼͻˣǲ˵ϣ֮λˣ
ǣһ΢СǶѣ㲻ʲôǣȻôһСǣȴӵ˴ܾ˴ڣ
Ǻɽ磡
ֱӣŶЩƵüͷɨһתŻˮµֱۣߣ
λ
ȴǹǰе·ϣǰһĻˮ£˸źڸǵа֮⣬½ɷȥҽһۣ
ԴںڣңѾǳΪһң㣬ȫԣÿֻҪԼţûʲôǽ˵ģ
ǻˣ
ǰĿ⣬õĻˮ»ڣָţֱô˵ţõԶ˶Ǵ㵵Ŀ
Ȼܶ˲ܽΪǣҵȴǲ˵Ļ˵ָˣ
ǻˮ˭Сڻسɳûо˼նҲ֪ʲôǼɻ䣬뵽ʲôֱ˵ˡ

ǴˮŮ˲ɵ̾һ
⽭Ҵ٣ûʲôùӳԣ
Ǻǣ
ĽȥɫȴдˬɵһЦ
Сӻ޾һа
˶Цʲô
ˮָ𣬽һǻŭһԾǳЦʱŭ۾һɣץƵ졣
ߣ
ɫһ䣬һֿ磬ֱסֱֻۣ΢΢һþ
ɱ
ɱӸĿУɫҰף£Ʋ΢һȻ̱ȥƣɼжôĲݰ
ǽΨһжȻ츳ããҲǽҵѪȥѣԣЩΪҲһֻ۱һֻۣŲʣĬΪ
ڽ汲ıӻ£νһ˳û˸Ϯƣǵһ
ſǼү
еңعǺһ¾ȫΧм䣬ǳ
ÿ
ɨһЩξĻл䣬ͬʱ΢΢һõĽٴβҽгҲͣסŲ
ģǻϿңȻҵǵԴ
ϲҽУЩ˻
Сӣ֪ʲôǽүô
ٷſүȻҪȫ峥
ǸǷǳżǽһ㣬ǾҲɣ
Ҫ˵ڶô
ƵĻԽԽ䣬Ŀһɨõһ
꣬ŲԼ˵Ϊ
һĨȻ
һܹ֮ӵ˾磬ǾԲһ򵥵ˣպΪҲǼǱȻ飡
һ뵽㣬ǾͲÿһ
ˮ£߰ɣ
һŽȭͷһŻˮ£˾㵵Ŀ£һ·ųſȥվ
Ͻȥ֪ͨ
Ϊ׵ĻһǴҴҵĸȥ

ʹˣСӣһҪʬΣ
һ·ϽǲͣĽţ񶾵ĻвϵðȴǻͬѰʹ
ţǲǽҵĽôȻ˸Դ
˻ǽǽΨһĶ簡Ҫˡ
˳棬˽ԾǵĿ⿴վڷһԵĻˮ֮󣬱Եˡ
ںǺ޼ɵĽҴ٣ֵĵˣ
кϷˡ
ɨˮΪʱвɵĶЩֻ
Ϊֹ츳Ҳض᲻


820 ս
һ˵Ҵүһٳˣʱڵ˱ǷˣһǳͬһӿȥǷ׷׶ҪҶҵ꣬Ǻηʥ
ߣ
˳ţƲŽſ̱ڵأݺݵĿȴûŻˮ±ڿն𣬳ʿָķȥ
Ҳһǣڵ֪һ֮ˣ
磬⽭ұضıΪлˮߣ£ȻʱǱ¶˻ˮǻݣ޷ڶ۹㣡
ߣ
һŭһɺƥѹϯֱϮ˵ĺ󱳡
أ
תƱҳһȭӿֱӽ鵱ϯȥ
ৣ
һƬ֮ϣңңֱŷƣھ˸

һӣԭһĽʱ˾ֱָŷƽµɱǸСӣһҪʬΣ
ǽҼϣΪѾǴﵽ㣬Ǻһĸ֣
㾿ǺˣȻҺǷ
ϵĿһۣŷƺȵ
Ϊǲ򵥣Ȼ붯ǿǵǰܻеıѹеɱ⡣
Ҫֻع
һȭ֮䣬ƱǴԼ³ΪҲ
Ŷ
ƾȻţڶʱһĨâ
ߣֻһֿܣû̫ߵĺ̨дӵܣͱҫˣ˵͵
ʱд󶨣Ҳ˼ƽϡ
㻹ǲ֪ڸˣ
˵䣬ϵƻѹɽƣҾʹҳúõĽѵѵ㣡
ѵң
΢΢һƣ¶һĨĻȣƾ㻹񣡡
޾壡
ˮһһ䣬սڳ壬ѹȭͷֱӾͳȥ
õ
ƾȻбŭΪӿЯѹӭȥ
̣
ȭͷĿ֮ײһغ۵Ĺą̂һľľϯ˷ӰҲڵء
ƾУ
һξ֮˾Ȼ붽֮ƾУ
ڣ˶ĿɿڴĿһĻЩԼ۾ҲǴˣվҲ֪źˡ
ôҲ벻꾹ȻԼǸ߸ϵĵԿ
ģ
ϴжһɫǵЩͨ죬ƺѾоһ˫˫۾ڿԼʱ˫𣬡С֣Ҫ
òԼˣôк㣿
꣡
׵ԪӿޱϢǵһϯõĺǵһˣǾĿ
ʲôʱͻƵ۷ģ
Զ⼸ҵļǿ˶ԷڵĺȻ
⽭ص̫ˣ
Ԫն
һʵʵĳâŷƵͷն䡣
ۣ
ûκԥһը۱¶˳ƶ׹ƬռܲסĴһ㡣
һ壡
ֵˮˣԲ˴۾һֱ֮ϣ¶˼ɫ
޷⣬Ϊһ껹ӵһ츳
ѵһˣ
һʱ䣬ЩӦˡ
ȭ
װؾ۶ɣƺη壬ֱۣӾͳնĳӲȥ
һĻУǲɴ㵣ѵɣ
ɣ
ԳһĨЦгֱն£Ҫǰն飬Ǻܿ죬ϵЦͱ˴㵡

ǽ𣬳ն˽֮һ㣬Ȼ۶ˣ
ߣ
ţƿɲ㶣ͼȭͷԥľͳŽϵؿȥ
أ
꣡
һ죬ѪɣֱȥѪ¶ֱײڳǽϣٴѪŵµ棬ɳ֪
˶㵵ĿһĻ
ǸûпƶκԪ
һξˣƾ贿һȭһˣ
ЩӦˣҲ̱ȥͫһƬն
ৣ
µ棬ɫɱӡ
㲻ɱң㲻ɱң
ɱ˹ǰɱһ꣬гסĹģõĺǵ˶¶ĵĿ⣡
һ뿪ʲôǣ
˸Ҷҽ֮ˣ
һϵӳ쳹һɺ嫵Ҳϯõķһ


821 ޴ı
ã
⽭һһܾ򣬶ʱָһ뵯ֱû뽭뽭ϵλãѪ쮳ӳ鴤û˷Ӧ
໣
һͷʮ׳ľ޴ĺڿն𣬷ԾͷЩ㶵Ļˮ£ֱƿնȥһĿվԭأþûز
أ
޴ѹϮȴڿյأĵҵһƬǽ壬ѺĴӣΧһЩΪҲ絴˳ȥĸͷ³
ৣ
һ΢ƿһĿ߳Ƭ֮ϣʱ˶ǲԾĺһ
Ǻǵһ֣һϾĽ棡
϶
һͷǿѪĽ뽭ʱһȥ̽һ֮гħһϯ˵˫Ѫȴǲ
ˣ
ףʱ⽭ǸҩͰ˭˭
Ǹ꾿˭
ǲɵ뵽ǳȥꡣ
һȭ˶Ľϣӵһͷ裡
ǲ˿
νײˡ
Ӿﰡ
壬϶ļϸ
껤棬һ˫۾죬ŭ쳹ǧҲùģز壡
꣬ǳȥת۲ټ
Ǹǻ򡭡

໣
ڵռڣһҡקŴ׳Ӷ


ߵĽ÷һ㶣ǿԵŮˮ£ܻããôУôС
һŮڷỨֱͶ
ôˣ
һģ
ˮ°գˮĴ۾ʵ
ǰ
ҡͷƣ壡
壿
ˮµԲ۾ɵĵǣӵһϢҲӦģ

Ϊ֮ĵһؼֻؼѡ
˵ˣ
ˮֱŷƵӣָ

ǳ˳飬ɵһۣѵ廹
ʵӵе츳һˡ
Σʵ˵
š
ΣˮµͷˣĴ۾ŨŨɻ󣬡壬ôӵһ츳أ
벻ס

ˣƲǺ˿һɡ
ҲΪ£ԣ˱һֱǰҵ򣬹ʱ䣬˴ռһƬҰ֮ϡ
ӦþƬˣҸطѯʻ޵١
ɨһܣûз쳣Żˮ£ǳǰȥ˳һһʱǱǿһе챡
ã
ԶԶģһɴŽζѪζƮõķɫһ䣬ٶᣬ֮ǳϿգµõɫֱӾͺڳ
·ݱջ٣潹ڣͬǱչһ߾߽ڶֲƵʬ壬ĴдС١
һеڱˣ
Ҿ徣ȫɱ
˾õĻˮҲɫ԰ף૵ǻ޵Ϣ
ˣ
ŻˮΧѾѵѪһ
ۼԱ棬Ѿȥܳһʱˡ
ҸܵһϤϢ
վڽڵĵ棬ˮ±ƺڸӦЩʲô䣬һǻ񣡾ȻǻϢ
ʲô
תͷЩ㵵Ŀ
ǻϢģ
ˮЩŷƵֱ۲ϵҡΣһ֮ھһƬ𾪡
񣿣
Щܲˣഫȸ֮Ůôܳ
ǰŮȴƺ˵ѣʵˮ£Ļ񻹻ţ
ţ
һʣˮ¼ɫȥһĨɻ૵ԣѾȥ޾ˣź˻֮ڣô⣿ѵźˣ
ⲻģôܹһأ
ҡͷھǻҡ
źڴѪ˵൱һ׼۱ܼĺ嫣Ϊ֮һ
ԣ
һû˿Խأ
ˮ£Ǵӻӳܵڳģ
һʵ
ܵ
ˮҡҡͷǣǼǰֵġ˼ǡ
ţˮµ৵һ԰ס
Ȼ
оһııҪ֮ս


822 ս
壬ǿޱȣ츳ޣഫйһͷ֪ǳڣɽ磬壬Ҳվ۷壬Ϊ֮һ
Ϲʱڣ壬սһս˫˲أ˭ҲûռˣͷǱͣսһֱڣȻСսϣǣȴҲûй͵ս¡
ڣȴǸоһδ֪ڴĻǵҪ壬ٴη͵ս£
ܹԳʵǿֲ
ֻ£Ӧòֹǻ壬Ҫǣ
һƬҵĻˮ£̾Ϣһ
ƺԼɽ֮ûһ˳飬ңǰԼû飬ƺҲҪֽȥˡ
İɣǻһػźġ
˫ǱС˵
һο֮£ˮ²ǻָ˹˶뿪ǡ
Ҫʦھͺˡ
ããʣ̾һ
Ϊɲ⣬Ϊһ֮ţӦûзϽ˵⣬ֻǣǴηȡһöι֮󣬾һֱѶ
һ꣬ꡭʱҲĲˣʦҲӦû˰ɣ
ʱ䣬һĨڴ뼤
зڣλź飬Ӧþͺýˣ
һ·ϣɻˮ׷ѰϢǰɽˮ;־УȫǱɱһգƺǵôˣӳ̶ڷйŭ
ֲɣõķԼΪ֮һ㶡
źԣѵԼӳ

һ谵ң棬˹ǰ棬һߴӰȥ
ǾôµģǾźΪλԼأ
³ɫһͷڰеħһɲõǰ˲ѡ
ˣʵǾźĲʵ̫ǿˣڳȡʱ򣬾ˣҲʧذ
м˲ش
ҲΣ˵Ը飬˵ǾźţԲŵ³ֽĿһȻˡ
ߣһЩ
ǸߴӰ޵ĺŭ
ǷԼʮʱȡźԭҪһ׼۱˭֪⣿
ǹһˡ
źƾԼ룬˷ˣ飬ᴫĶڣԼȥȡǲǵڱ¶Լ٣ҲԼźô
һ뵽ԣǳ˳顣
ǿҪ£ֹǰôһ㡭
˼ҲΨзźˣ
ȻˣǾͻ˰ɣ
ߴӰһĨâŶ˵ȥˣٵź»ãǾͲûˣ
ǣ
Ӱһͷҵ˳ңæȥȥˡ
ǿǷǳλ˵ֶΣ첻ãΨ·һ

޶ңһ˶۹ʮУʮܣɳʥǰˣ
X
Ľ쳹ʣΧﷶΧһƬ죬ϵƲҲȾˡ
һ߻˺ֻйǼܣûѪ⣬ֻǣ˫ԭնȴȼͬѪһɫĻ棬˿һҲűȼһ㣬ʮֵĿɲ
·һУеĽıջ٣ǽҲ˴룬ڳڵڵõϢѾˣмܾվ߻˺ܲϵĹţʱʱˣƺӣ

һ̶ƿ쳹ռ䱻һڵѷ죬һ׵Ӵ˳
󣡡
ǰĻӶʱŭһⳤǹһľֱӾͳ޻˺ɱ˹ȥ
X
ƺܵв˺չᣬһȣΧһƬ𺣣飬ʺĻ𣬳ͷȥ
̣
쳹أǴײģռѿһڵѺۣǺƽһ쭷ľϯܣǼܾ˶Ǳ˳ȥһˣվǧۿⳡʢս
ǵ۹սʥˣ
ھǾϲɫƺǼһ㣬Ҳ˿
һսĿռѣضҡǴҲֻһˣּĴսǾ˽ȥΨ·һ
X
Ŵαƣ˺ڵĲŭˣ׸ŭУһǱĳ͸ˮһ㣬ŷ貵⣬ʱƴǣչ˫Ƕ۹ʥˡ


823 ʥ
¡
޴죬ɽӣһĢ쭷ϯ˷ռ䣬Ҳǲһ㣬ѿһɲѺۣصϢƬӣһУ·ĳҲͻΪ˷棬Ϊƽء
źڵĲ鷢죬ԲһƬ𺣣ĻҲյͨ죬ֳһۿɼŤۼ
󣡡
Ƕ۹ʥ˱ѹŴŭȫгǹһսһ㣬ױŷ貵⣬ΧʺĻ涼ǽгǹޱȵ鶯һһεײ˻źϮɱ
ˣҲڲϵĺˣɫһƬƺܻźĹҲôܡ
ৣ
ƿԶϵ쳹һӰǻȳһԶۿߵľս
ںɽڣʥȻʱҲսǣȴҲǺܳЩһҲܼʥ˳֡
ңΪɽĹ涨ʥ˲ʥ֮³֣ʥ˳ֵķΧԣ֣һҲûлῴĵ
ͷޣ
ǽĵ۹սʥѹŴĻźھ𾪵ɫ
ֻһ߹Ǻ
ܶ˶˳ЩȻ
ഫĻôֻһźأһźôӵ˵
ûܹ⾿Ƿʲô飬ŭĻźܵ˾ҵĳ
ǣû֪ŭ𾿾ġ

һ̶ƿϱѿһѺ̧ۣͷȥǿһͰ׹ߣĸ׼׻ѷ˳
ǹʥˣ
װ磬û˻᲻һ۾˳
ʮ۹֮һ鲼ʮ۹µ͵վΪںţڸ۹Сڶйʥķֻᣬܻᣬڹʥɽ
ԭû˿ʥǣҪ壬һǱڽ£ƾˣʥѸٵĳʮ۹֮ڣͷΪ
ΪĶǵһΣҲõĹʥӴ¼ǹʥ۹֮ĳͻ
۹ʵǿᣬʮ۹֮ڣܹǰ壬ԣŰ棬ҲȻܱߵĵ۹Ŵַϲ׬Сˣõ۹紦ͨڣʧܰһֱԹΪںŵĹʥȻͿȥˣʱ۹Ǵ
˾ٶͱѣ۹ɳǿߣҪʥǽȴ˵֮⡭
һս۹ڹʥû׬ˣ۽۱ˣȴûκιʥ
ҲһΣõʶ˹ʥ
Ȼӵв۹ĵ̣
ӴˣûٸСʥǸ۹ҲҪ֣ĬΪͬȽ׵
ɽ磬޾£˲ĳǿߣԣʮ۹ҲҹֵĸߵȻǵǵˣôпܾͻʷĳУ

ʥͷźģ
ʥҲ̸ʲôøУϾĴ˶ǿų켺Ϊ˳ݺ
Ȼ

ߴЦһսʥˣһ֮ɣ
˵ţ籡嫺һĹâУһһ㣬гһ񣬿߶߶³ɬѶ޾İâʱǵصѹ𺣣ƺҪ֮һ㡣
X
һ֪ΪΣźֱӾͷ׷սʥһ˫ն֮ڣѪһţƺһ㣬һɱϢźоϯһȹǳ˹ȥ
䣡
ǵأźƺǷһ㣬һе˴˫ߴˣѪ磬òҡ
˾٣õ˽һ㶡
˫Ծг˶ǿ͸ȴǲףߵĳޣβģ
սʥң
һѪΪǱļǧдĺ
ߣ
սʥȻԸ֣ʱƾһ˵Ǹ޷޻źʱһս貣ųǹֱϮ˵ĺ󱳡
꣡
ڴˣźδţ˫ȼżȷŭĻ棬һֱŰߣſڣ³һѪĻ棬ͬʱǷצҲŰͷ­ץȥ
̣
һ죬˻˵ıĽֱӱµأʥ֣źʱ·磬вѣֻƾ飬ȴ޷ӳܣ޷


824 ŭ
¡
һľ죬ӴĻź֮ϱϳֳһ޴ӣѺӰͣ£ΧأҲһƬڣǸΧֱӾͱҽȵ¶ȣϯ˷
붫սʥϣǲû֣ͣһⳤǹһ޾Ĺ⺣ҵһǴӣƺҪźʹ˴飬ڡ
X
źڵĲ鷢ĲһһεĳһһεıȥҽĽһʱ󣬻˺ϵĹâԾࡣ
⣬ɱֻǳˣ
˻˺һǼ򵥵Ļ˺
Զһλ߼ǲڵĻˣ૳деǵɫ
Ѱޣһ䣬ͽ𣬸в飬ǣ߻˺ȴһµĳ̶ȣܹԿλʥˣ˵ǰĲ
˲Ļ˺ֻ¶Ի˵ҲǼΪҪģǱɱڴˣֻ»ǰδеĻ£
죬ȼ񷣬ǧõӰΪ֮¡
ǻĽ
ˮ԰ףãڹź
һ⣬ֱӳǻĵȥ
ѵʥ˳ˣ
ƿЦٽȥ
ʥ˳֣ƾˮʲôأǴȥΨ·һ
ˮ£
һ̤飬Ƴֻˮԣסֱۣȵȵȣ˵
ǻźܵ
ˮң⡣
ǿǻ֮񣬻ʼ棬޷ʼ棬һУĴʹģҲͣ
֪
ƽץ˫磬ֱ˫˵ˮ£ҪȻػźͱ˵
ãˮ²΢ƽһЩ

Ϊĵ򣬷Ƶüͷɵ̾һ
Ŀǰ˵ʵûа취Ȼػź
ˮ£ƿǾ߻źô
ЩҲˮ˵ź飬ʱһʵ
źֻǴѪˣܹƿΪãңܱ׼۱
šӦܹ
ˮ΢΢˵ͷ
ӵΪĻѪǣΪͣûгȥƿػźԣҲȷ
ǿ㣬Ӧԡ
ƽקƣСĳԶȺ

X
˲ѣ˫һƬѪ죬һֱŭϵߣ죬ǶսʥҲ㣬һߵİߣͫ׵ͬһĨɫһ١
оè壡
ɣ߻˺ҷϮɱ壬ǾԲżȻӦ˴
ˣпܾǹʥˣ
ļһ
սʥһ飬ɫЩ̫ÿˡ
ƺԼ۹ڣǸʥˣ
ԽţȻ䣬ֵͼ࡭
ʥʮ۹˶ûʲôøУҲǣԼ۹пֵ˵Լ۹˻ˮȵô
ʥ۹ûκΣΪ˺ƽദҲֻһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪ𺦵ǵ棬ҲȥЩ
X
һϾĻᣬź͵ıЯĻ棬ֱŰ߷ȥ㵵Ŀ£޴ĹֱӾ˹ȥ
̣
һ죬Ѫɣݺݵ£ټ
󣡡
սʥŭһųǹһڳڻ˺ıĽҲĻ˺ȥ
ϣȴ΢΢ƺֻǸ˺һ̣ӿµٶȡ
X
źЯŨŨצֱץߣƺҪ˺Ƭľ磬ŰΧĴضǲƷɣһ޴ĺۼ
⻤壡
߼Ļɫ䣬񣬿дһһɫĹִϱڡ
¡
צЯ֮Ȼ£ֱץǸ֮ϣľ죬صŰȥ
ͣ
Ȼûƿǣ޴ĳȴҪ߳ܣʱһѪվòҡ
¡¡¡
źƲˣԼ˺֮ǣצ˫ϵ˴Ǹ֣õİѪҪǮһɫǲҰֽ
̣
ϣսʥŭǹһһ㣬ϵڻ˺ıȴֻǽ𻨣Ի˺ȴûж𻵣ֱŰеһѷ죬żӴ˺ҷ˳ȥ


825 ϣ
ؾɫĩһ㣬ܹ׽𾳽ǿߵ쭷ؼŰΧһƬռ䶼ǲϵĻһɲѷ죬õľɵ⡣
λãܹӦĵô
Żˮ£ƹȺһƫٵĵطͣʵ
Կ
ˮ±һĲɢ˳ԶĻźӶȥ

ĻƲǺ˿һɨۣĿͣ񷲻ԶĸϣʱڱΪĹ˵ˣ
ǰװԶҲ޷ǣǹ˵ˣ̬Ҳ޼ƺҲǾ쵽쳣ĸ˳߿˹æתͷȥĿս档
ףԼĿǰΪЩ˵Ķ֣Ϊ͸ĸ˵Ϊ
ܾ磬˵ĸܣһκβˣ
ԣڵֻͣ
Ҳ̫ԶˣĸҲûзʲô쳣ƿĿ⣬ĿǴս
ںɽĵλҲһ㡭
Ʒźභİ֮ڣâתһ˫ħͫһ㣬Ϊɲ
ȻǸҲֳ񣬲ȴûио̲صĵ
ǲǵ۱
ͫĿ£˰ɫϵѺۣʱв΢˿
ǵ۱ô飬û취ңпܻ
ףô
۲һ֮󣬷ƱǾ쵽е쳣
ϣźһеҪɱߣǶսʥϮɱʵ̫ˣ
ѵǹ˵˻ź
Ʋòˣ֯ﲻһϹ䣬ʵȴר˵飬ɣɱ֯˵Ϊֻǿû֤ݡ
ڵƺ˵ŭ˻źȻԲǰ㲻һеϮɱ
Ҫźң֮սΪʲôҪ棿
ȴɻˣ˾Ǹʲô
ʱ򣬰ҲŲסˣսʥҲʼ֣ʥ֣ʱִĻźûз֮ϵı£ҡ
ã
ȥĻźɫһ䡣
ĳźڵĲͿŲסˣٱĺɱȥźҲǳ飡
ʱһԵĻˮ¶ͷҲĺˮƺڳĪʹһ㡭
ʵܹƿػźô
ƲͷЩǵĿȴҲ֪ҪΰæֻܽŵվԱߣֹķ
ѾĴ㣬㲻ػźҲҪŻˮߣ
ϣźҽϵıɣһɫҲٵȥѾֲ˶ˣޱȵЯŨŨı
ǰεʱȴ³Ȼʥûз֮İ
̣
ٴα䣬޴ŻźڵĲ飬һֱĥţ˺˫ѪĻҲЩˡ
ǻҪǰף
X
챯У޲첻Ϊȸ֮Ůȴ³ŭĵǸԼİߣҪ֮ǧУȴôҲ
ʣҲҪԼ˳
ʱԭѪ˫ȴӿһɼΪϢ
ҪԱǰף
ã
붫սʥɫ䣬æɲסΣȥ
źԱɲС£ǣǿ̫ҲΣգ
ǣڻҪʱһϤĲļ䣬ͣ˶
ԼѪ
Ƿŭ֮ʱܸӦ΢ĲǣΪʱԣĸӦˣ
ʱ̧ͷǴɽ֮䣬һ˫ʺ֮ڳϣ
X
һ˿ɱԵĹһеĳǴɽȥ
ãҪӣ
Ļԭں˵İ붫սʥɫһ䣬е볤ǹ貵â貵Ĺ˺׷ȥ
ôҲû뵽޲黹˵ǣȻᶯս
Ƭˣ޲꾡ðȫǷ䣬аͣ
ղŻźǿɶǿһʥ˶ѹŴǣһ飡
ŻźĿˮҲ˾޴ı仯


826 ս
꣡
ͨûаʵĻӻˮµĽȼϵڵһʱճ˻ҽһ׻¶˳һŮһ㣬ģӾô֮ϡ
޳˫£һֿڵĪ̴¶˳ӿȥƺԶźڽĳϵ
ʲôˣѵǻ壿
Ǳ˷ټʱָ
̫ˣΧ񷶼ǱȾˣҹ֮оһһ㣬벻עҲѡ
ã
Щɫһ䣬ûԥֱӾվڻˮµߣɱͫ˸˸ķܡ
ڴʱΪź߳˹˶Ѿ룬ԣûϮˮ¡
ɱ
Զ׷ŻźİߣĻȴǼ۾ĸ˼
зǳף˺ʲôУܹӳܣԴĻѪ顭
ţ䲻Ĵһиż
ǽû߻źȴĽô³
ʧ̬ľٶһԵĶսȴǿУʱ
м԰ٷ֮ٵȷ߿ɲĻ˺ʥ˴ӻ͵Գģ
ǣ
һ뵽Ϊˣȴ͵飬սʥбЦ
һͷƤǣ
ͬʱɵҲɹʥôĿˡ
ʱĹɵ
Զһ崿ѪˣˣǶǻıǱɱڴ˴ǾԲǺ飡
ǿӹɣȫƾ۹ѳܻŭ
Ҫǣȸһ壬ǳ˴£ȸһԲӲ֮ȸһ֣Ĵ᲻Ųʣ
Ʋ⣬սʥоһ亹
ʥҪսô
ͷԼʣʱ׻ֱӾͣеĹˮͷ䡣
ѾпˣѪԲĻ˺ɱǾͻΪԵʵ
˲ó֣
սʥ쳹ǧõһЩҲȥϮɱˮµĶ۹ǿߣʱͣ˽Ų׷׶ǾɵĿ
۹ǿͣˣǣȴûͣ£ǻâЦŻˮ˹
ৣ
һһֱֻ۵ȴƾǰе·ϡ
ն
ĵּ֮۶ɵġնĺХֱնˣõǵٶȲò
ѵһˣ
ֻƬֱۣһ
һ壬ʵڻ֮ϣΪ֮һҲмǿͬĸ壡
Ͻɱǣ
ΪսʥѾٹƾһˣѾ޷ӻźٶȣɵĳŵĸ˺
ʱһҪźΪֻлĻᣡ
ɱ
ĸ⻰ûԥȫŷƳΪղһܣǻǶȫâ£ֱӸơ
ˣ
һͼǴӷؿ¶˳ȫ񷣬սڳ壬ٴ۳ɱֻԾ˷ֱӳƬ嫵İâն˳ȥ
ʱһƬûаֻһͷҪնǰƬأ

ǳˮһսӿŷ⣬˾һ޼᲻ݵľһ㣬ˣɱƬâ
̣
â£ʵģƱ˳ȥѪصף֪
ξ
Χڶǿ߶ǼĻвɵĶ˿
һξ꣬ȻսʾĴܣ
٣
Զһ·ŵĶսʥҲɵĸпһ
䣬жξ˸ҶԴ֣ܳ
ɱ
ĸûаԥֱٴγŻˮ³ȥΪǿźѾ߽ӽˣǻźдѪϴǾǵĩգ
ӡ
ӵ´ţ֮ϣһֻֻ޴ĻɫƱ۳ͣͬһĳĸȥõǲò½ŲһȭһȭĽһӡ顣
ľôˣ
վ֮£ƻԡѪݵҲûлָ˫ֻӰϵӡֻΪĸ˵ĽŲ


827 ˮµŭ
أ
ӡ£Ϸֳһ貵̻Ӳסĸǰٶȡ
ô£
Զ˽һɨǴ֮Ȼ֣Ѿ̵꣬Ȼվ
ôܣȻû
ֹΧЩǿߣսʥ¶Ȼɫ
һξ̶ȵˣĸܵһȻû
оҵķţڶһƬ𺳵ɫ
޷ǸҪжôǿһ㡣
ȥǸСӣȥִ񣡡
һ˺ܿͷӦ˹һ䣬ǳŷƳɱ˹

ɫ䣬ΪҪˣĽӡٶȻ
ɣ
ǰЦгһѳֱӳŷƵͷ¡
ˣ
Ļ˶Ǳ۾ڿ
ৣ
һ˲ʧԭأ̤Уһٶף㿪һ
̣
ֱն䣬ĵնһѷ죬ǿһ˵ĵ棬㵣һɨۣǿڲԶꡣ
ô£
벻ͨ꾿ζ㿪ԼϮɱġ

΢΢һ䣬˺ܿͷӦ˹ٴ𳤵һɫߣХնơ
ৣ
޺ۼһٴγϣ˫ǲϵӡ˵ٶȣõǱ
ߵըһֱûͣ£õٴ۾
̤У
֮Ϻֵ꣬۾ǵԲˣ͸¶Ȳ˼ɫ
ôܣ
սʥǴ㵵ľѵȻһˣ
кܿ뵽ˣǣɵֽĿڷƵ桭
һ廹һ壿
Ϳˡ
ѵܹռ츳츳һģ
ǰһУ޷ͣ
һȺͰɱǸ壡
ߵŭ쳹õĸӶɵһ
ΪźѾӽƬˡ
ɱ
Ƕһֳۣ׷ɱƣһˣһеĳˮ£ҪɱȻһźȡ˴Ѫǽǵĩա

д󼱣ȴòһδ̤У㿪˵ϮɱܵУûʱȥ۷ӡ
ȥɣ
ǰûκ谭˻ˮߣϴЦ۳Ĺţֱӡˮµλá
̣
һҵը쳹ʺѪ̻Ӱб˳ȥ˵棬˺ܳһξͣ
ܵײˮ۾ȴǿһĻ
û£ͺá
ɫıһ仰ȴƺһһ㣬ȷǰŮû£ǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ôˣ
ŵȥ꣬ˮ΢΢һ㶣ǷӦ˹ԼѪһЩһɨۣǿڷƵؿλãƿһ󶴣һнԱ飬ڿٵţ׹ɭɭ⣬Ƶ࣬մһʱͷһƬհס

ļдķΣ˫һƬͨ죬ƶѪһķţΧһоջ٣Ѫڵķƣεˮϵ¡
֪ΪԼ⾿ΪΣ֮мΪŭһҪصĳ嶯
Ȼˣ
ǰɫһ䣬ٴγЦݣȵǸСһȥɣڵޣ
һŰâź޷Ļˮȥ

Ĳҽʱǵƽһ㣬һ޲ǵһ
Ǹ˵һֱֻۣȻıˮѪɫĻˣûʣ£ʱɲסŲ˶ᱻֱ
ŭʱ̣ˮ¾Ȼͻˣ
һϾ磡
ޱȵĻ棬ĸ˶ͣס˽Ųɫ԰׵վһԣ̤
ʥҪùˣ
жôһͷ
X
ҲʱһĻ˹˷ŭеĻˮ£һ̧ͷǿź󣬻һĪİߡ
ٴĿһ۷ƣվǻ֮Ůһ㣬ϣһ˫ѪһƬĮһС
꣡
˭Ҳһҧ⣬һѪֱźķͷϡ


828 ˷
һʺĽѪڻźķͷϣûĴֱ˽ȥʱ˫ԭȥӣܵȼ
ĻԶˣ׻һ㣬ȻһѵľͳԶ˶ȥɽҰѹѹһƬǻȳһ㣬аͣ
X
Ļȥԭ뵱еΪģͬһȥһˤƤף޲ηĿͷеľޡ
ã
Ұףɲס˽Ųֻֻռ䣬ʹҪ̤ȥȴ֣ҪŵĵطȼѪһ㣬û˿ɫĻ棬ʱͷһæ˿
ôо̤ȥֻžûˣ
ۣۣ
ź֮ϣ˫ûһ˿¶ĮһУһ˫޴Ĺȶţγһ޴ĻΣǰĸ档
Զ˶ޱȾĿһĻսʥҲ˿˼ǧͣ
ʥˣˣ
жһ٣֪ΪΣжӿһɿ⡣
ŵǿɶǿһ˵£ȷݡ
Ҫô˵ԼǻˣǿΪûз飡
ǣƫƫװĸһ㣬ȴС֮£оγ˾޴ķ
ǵħһЦӡ˵ļ䡣
ҲЩЦľ׼˵
ʱ˶ǷǳǷʲôˡ
˵ˣԲֵģɱ߻˺ģ
ԣӦǹʥ߻˺ԣ˻£
ʱ۹ǿǣǶԹʥһݷ߿
ʥȴǶ۹ܹǵġ
ԣҲֻƵĳˣ
ΣʥƺҲֲˣһʥˣҲʹˣ
뵽⣬۹ǿжӿһɳ֮⣬ǿǻ֮Ĺˡ
߾
ߴڻ֮ڣֳ񣬿³ھѪ֮ϣȫ߶޾İâѪһĻգǳ鶯ѾյĲķ룬ƺˣҲôܡ
ˣĸ˾͸ˣǲϵгڻ֮ڷţƺǻƣһյƤ룬ȴֱ޾Ļ棬Լһ㣬뵽ǵڣһУյЩŤʹõ޷ܣֱҪ˺ԼţȴʹֱؿץһƬѪģҲ̶á

ʱˮ³ǿھѪ֮Ҳɫ԰׵̱ȥƺͿһ㣬Ŭ֧ӣųŷƿһ˫֮ھˮ
أѰˮ»Ҫůءء
Ʊ뻳Увĺţ͸¶ޱȵˮߵһ£ڷƲҰ׺ɫϡ
ؿλã鶴һƬնѪӴڲֹסڴСĴڿԿٶҲ𽥵Ļƺʱھֹ
ֹͣɾ
ȻƵʱ㿪λãǣصĴˣҲ㹻ˣ
ˮ²֪ԼΪλıˣûģʱϣĲǹʥ˱ɱǷܹվ˵Ц
յһĻĻʱȴõޱȵľġ
ˮ˵Ҫһһӵģأ㲻ܶˮһˡ
Ѿˮģߣ֪ҪȥܱסƵֻĿţкš
ৣ
ʱһӰӷƲƵ˳һ˫ŷǲƵؿڣҲӿһ޷ѹֵŭ
໺𣡡
ͳŭзǺܴȴǴһɾƥϣΧǧ֮ڣ޽Ծȥ̻̲ͷҲ̧ƺǺԼһ㡣
еĻˮ£ϵĻźͺӽһһɴηӿͷǿͷɫƤëСޡ
𣡡
С̧ͷϵĻźͺһƺڴЩʲô
X
ź׳һڳ͸ˮһɫĻ棬˳ֱϮǳİߡ
̣
ڻʱ򣬰еֱӾͱ˿ը˳ȥ


829 
X
һͷѪɫĻˣһƬ֮вϵĳײţڣһߣѪߣڲѪһһεıײɣѾݣѵ쳹ɭȻޱȣĲҽ˳ݺð
໺𣡡
СڵĮһƬһ۷ƣƺǾ쵽ЩʲôЩĳϵĻźͺһ
꣡
ź޴΢΢һٴſڣ³һڻ棬İĸڣʱȴֹͣ˲ҽУʹЩŤϣȻ¶һĨѵɫ˱ֱӱճ˷ĩʲôҲûʣ¡
ԶˣĿһУû˵˫˫¶η塣
߸ϵʥˣȻûа㷴ôˣɼ߻˺жôǿɴˣٴ뵽߻˺ǰ־߱˺ܣ
սʥһĨȻܵĻ˺ҲǺܶడ
Ȼ²ǻźǣȴǷǳף߻˺϶ǻ
X
źһ˫һչŻˮ¡Զʣû֪ȥģҲû˸Ҹȥ
꣬Ӧ˰ɣ
ؿڵĴˣ˿ǿؿڱܵ˻ԵĴˣѾûиԭĿˡ
̫뾪ȣƾξסĸܵĽŲϣҲֻһɣ
ܽҲҲʥ¡
ԶȥľޣսʥٴĿһۣ˿ռ䣬˽ȥƬ˶ǻȥ
ԶǵļУѾгֹôһꡣ

໣
деĻҰ֮ڣһ˱⣬¡
أ
СǰֱӾȥѵС˳ȥͺһõĺһ󶶲ͷȥηĿɴɫŷƣ
ǷѪԣʱܹĸоƵѸٵš
ء
ˮǱŷƣ죬ЩףˮɳӣһһΣڷƵϡ
ڲԶźһ˫֮ʺĻ˸ֻǣעȴǷڷϣǷһԵСϣⶶ䣬ƺ¶ηɫ
໺𣡡
Сһ㣬ССӳһɾ޴ѹĮɨһһԵĻźŶſеĻˮµͺһ
ˣĿԾȻطô
ƺڵ˼ˮֹס˿ֱ˫ǳʵ
໺𣡡
С˵ͷһۡ
ˡ
ˮ΢ĵ˵ͷȥǲɫֽһķƣһĨȻ΢΢˿Ŀһۻе꣬СĽڵ棬ģһҪúõĻš
վС򹧾ʩһ񣬲ŻźƵƵףƺΪᣬ˾
໺𣡡
СûʲôеĳŻźͺһһ˵ͷվƾˮưĻ׶֮ϡ
ˣ
һڵϵ꣬ˮ±۾ɫźȻȼ
ͬʱˮȴǹâʢ𣬷ҡ죬Χռ䶼Ǳճһڿɲѷ죬ԵϢϯ˷Χһоƽ
󣬼ʮ׳ĻźʧƺѾ˻ˮڣٹˮҲټĻУһͨĻӰ֡
һĻֻС򿴵һĨӵɫ
ףǰŮڷҲѾһҪλãڣȴû·ѡˣ
ֻȸ츳ܾȻطƣ
ԭǻźڵĲ飬ֻҪǱͿӵһĻᣬǣʱȴûǣѾ޷ˡ
Ǿֻʣһ취ӵȸѪ飡
X
ǻڵĻӰ쳤һ˫ֱڵϵķؿڲλǲƵĴڲλ˽ȥʱƵǷԳͨĻ⣬֣ƺҲȼһ㣬ģһһĻ˻ҽ
໺𣡡
ĻСתͷһԵСͺһæջĿ⣬ɨƺڷЩʲô


830 
X
Ұ֮⣬лΧǧ֮ڣ޽Ծԭأ̻̲ĿͬһƺʲôΪɲһ㡣
⴦деĻҰ֮ϣΧһУճɻҽߵʯҲΪƬɢڵ棬ѾΪһƬƽأΧأҲһƬڣһۿɼõҲЩŤ
ҹУ۵ĻһȼյĻˣ棬һӰϵţתһ̣˳֮䣬һ޴ĻŻ֮
ĻվһԵС˿
֮ѾͣǾʹɹˣֻҪƾܻ
ֻ֮ԶĻӰ˫üȴ֮¶֮⡣
ȻһȴһôȻǸ
һ뵽֣֮ˡ
໺𣡡
תͷһԾСͺһв֮¶ţȴҲûκΰ취ηһۣһٴξʮֺˣ

һƬڰϮֻƤأϴ֮ƽɽܵѹҪأ£֮ûκȥʱһƬڰУû˿ĹҲһƬëһ㣬ᣬûаǴƲ㵱У˫Ҳ䲻ʵء
Ҫô
һƬ޼ʵĺڰ૳ȴûش⣬ǲɵ¶һĨЦ
Լαɣûȫ飬⻹ǿͼ壬һˣҲʣ£
סλʲôãһһ
ϣüɡ
ʱȫʧ֪̽ȻڵǻˮµİΣȴҲûκεİ취
ˣһΣһҪ𣡡
۾ԽԽӣǣҲʼģ֪ѾԽԽӽԼˡ
ģԼкܶûԼ
ңΣѵУԼȥôһ죬ᱻ˹ˡ
ռһŮǿ϶ҲڵȴԼǰȥǣԼȴҲˡ
ߣζԼӦģһȥǵġ
ԭҡ
ˮ۽ںڰֳ֮һĨӨ⣬ȥǵںһ㣬ûа죬û˿ۼ
ֻججУڵȴٵһ̣֪ѾԶˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãƺ˿֮ģģģ̫
ˮ£
Ȼû֮˵Щʲôǣȴϳ˵֮ˣʱƵǣҲɢˣǹһĨЦ⣬̹Ȼȥӭ
֪ˮûˡ
ʱһƬڵУ޷ѳһмžޱȵı䣡
X
Ҳ֪жãƺͣƺԶһ֮˳ߵеķƣ۾ǿǵڵУһĨʺĹͻأĳɢ޾ĺڰ˹
ô£
΢΢һûӿĻǴһ֮ڼӿĺ޷Ҳ޷ڡ
ڼ䣬һƻ棬ڣһС
š
ٴθܵůƲɵٴα۾̹ȥȪһĸоÿһëףںÿһϸܵ
ʱƸоԼһƻ棬΢統ҡҷ壬ǻһһıȼţ𽥵ģΪһʺû˿ʵĻ档
ף⾿ôˣϣƣģƺЩϤ
֪ΪΣƾȻãԼƺΪһ㣬һɶļӣϯȫÿһ䡣
ˣˣ
һ죬Ǵһ㣬ƻ˵Ļ浱쳹ƺؼΪԭʼҲؼĵһ֮ؿʼգʼƬڰ𽥵ıĶ˶ʡ
硭
һ޴ĻڻҰÿһƬ꣬ǾӨ͸ʺĹΧء
һȥˡ
ڣûа㶯
ȥˡ
ǿһĻУһ΢СĻм𣬲һ׳š
ȥˡ
һǴһ֮쳹ػԱߵССע⣬ڶ¶ϲɫ


831 
ת֮䣬ӻ۶Ѿȥʱˣ֮ڣÿһڶһֲһı任ʱı任ȴǾ޴ġ
X
ڻڵм䴦һʺûκʵĻţ쳹װ죬ͻأģһỊ̄ƻͻȻըѿõΪ֮һ貶ĿâŷΧȾһƬͨ
ʱСС⾼ƺâڵı䶯ڶ¶ɫ
Ϊǿһ̥Ƕ֮ڳͣ
ʱ̥ڣһЩرĶڡ
۵ģ޼ʵУͨδ֪ռͨҲһڶܹûһС
֮ڣһɫĹһɫĹתʱʱ֣
֮Уּ֮
⻹Ϊرģ
̥ͷһ΢Өڣǲɹ⣬ĴڣϨ
ɹ⣬һԵСڱ¶һĨη֮⣬ҲȥвϵʳƺڱԹҲƺڰ
СȻɹ⾿ʲôĴڣǣֻǿһۣ;һǿƥѹϯײ֮ϣʱһֱ̱ȥӲסĲţ֮ڣһƬɫƺһoһ㡣
ȻǿڵϿգһ΢СԲ̴ڣӨӨ˸˸ϣӡ
һɫڻתӶƺǳ֮໥ӦԣǷҵ
ٹһ죬̥ǳ󣬳ΪһСͯü㣬Ŀգڻ֮ڣһͷ˵ӰڻתţϵУƺŻ֮⡣
ھ죬СͯۿɼٶڳɳţһСʱǹһһ㣬תļ죬һСͯڼʱֱ֮ӾͱһüĿꡣ
X
һ󣬳ʣƺЩʲôͬʱ֮ƵĻӰĿмǸһۣıγһĻͼģû뵽ڣʧ
Ҳ֪ΪΣһɱ˵ɢ˳£յˮ֮ϡ
꣡
һ죬˾Ļ꿪ʼиһ꣬µ棬ſ
һ㣬⾫׳ȴͻ꣬ž޲м䣬ŵĻƽƽû
䣬ԼȼһʺĻ棬ڣʧû°ۼֻս֤ڹȵ
ĻСٴתͷСݺݵĵһۣƺھҪ˵һУ̾ȥģ˲ͽ뵽˯״ֱ̬һԵСĿɿڴþûز

һȵӷƵĿ³֮һƬͨ죬Ǳչһ㣬ɢ
۾ڣĻӰת˲ʧ
ûĿǰ磬ߵɽͣʣһУ˵ƺİƺϤͬһ˼͵ˣ´Ĺ˾棬ֻǣ޼ʵͫȴ¶һĨıˡ
ԼҲβģ΢΢Щ죬һᣬỨӯ
ôˣ
һһԼȴҲ𰸣пտյģǶʧ˼ΪҪĶһһʧļӡʡ
໣
һ쳹ޱȵľϲֱײУͷϲϵţճһĿˮ
˺ˡ
Сôһ֣Ʋǻع飬ҲǳһĨǳǳĻȣǺܿͽֱ
ҪЦȴЦصһһѹļ䣬޷ͻ
ô£
Ȼ޷⣬⾿ΪΣıõˮӯԽ׷Ѱǹɱ˵ϢԽŨû
˭ˣ
Լ䣬ƺһ
ˮأ
৵һ¾վҵɨӣȴֻһƬڵأûпǵϤӰʱһдˮ£ˮģ
һһ飬ȴûеõԼҪĻش


832 һż
ˮ£ˮ£
ƴʱͬǷһ㣬ϵĺţ˻ţشʱңһɲԤļӡ
оˮӦǳˣ
ɨܣΧ֮ڶһƬǱչһ㣬ûаľɽʯԾ⴦޾ԭʼֵмΪۡ
﾿ʲô£
ʱƸоԼ඼ڲףˮ£Ӧǳˣֻǣȴ֪⾿Ƿʲô£Ϊλˮ»᲻ˣѵǱ˵˴ˣ
ƺֲܣǹ˵ˣΪλԼ
ԣֱӾͽֿԸ޳ˡ
ȵȣ
еĵͷƱǿԼţԭһ󶴣ʱȴǹ⻬һƬҲû£ʲôҲûзһʱɫһһĨ㵣ҡӦô
׵ʱԼܵ˶ĴˣǱɣңǵãԼƺѾȥˡ
ǣȴվֱǲϳп϶ǷԼ֪飡ѵǡ
ܿģƱ뵽һֿԡ
ϣֻһܹǾӵȸ츳ˣԼûо߱һ츳ƺԣȥԲǣǰһƺڱˣ
ǡˮ£
ԽţƵĲһıʹʱȻ˳ֱӽû

쳤ˮڲסֹסһɺ嫵Ʊŷ˳ϯ˷Χĵ汻һһ㣬ҳ졣
СҲѾӼͷȥһĨȻ
Ҳ޷ıһʵ
ʱѾڴıԵǲʱʩȣ·һ֮Уûаԥѡ˷ơ
⣬µʱѹȣҲô
ˮ£Ϊʲôôɵ
ƹڵأ˻ţЯŨŨıΡ
˻ˮ£ʱˮ
ǸˮһŮôĽྻϾûа覴ãȾ糾ԼҲûа֮ġ
뵽֮ĵεΣƵıһʹ궼ڲš
Ǹ콫ߵŮǳ˵ҪһӸԼŮ

ʱ˺ѷΣ޲ҪԼˮ£ǣȴҲ֪ǾԲܵˡ
һԵ뱯ˣؼţɫƹѹ棬Х£ƺҲһ
ƹ籩֮УһһĿ޺˻ţŭĲ
ûԼǴŮʱҸֵֿڻ֮ڣǣһУȴΪԼĳֶˡ
ǵӰ죬ҲͲڻء
ǣһȴƺͰźõһдף־һһĽţûаƫ
ССûȥǾкܸߵԣ֪ƴʱҪйҲ뷢й
һʱ䣬ɫŷ磬貵һμ˹ʱǻŨ
ƹһʯһ㣬ҡһƬãȻԺһһĻطһЩܰƬΡ
໺𣡡
СһԵСͺһƺڽһЩʲôС΢ԥǵ˵ͷҡק߽ơ
ˮ½Ը
ڷǰСԣ˵š
˵ʲô
˵ʮԺ󣬷һ˹ʵ
ˮ½Ը
ֱ£СһһԻ߽С֮󣬲ٴ˵
˵ģ
һѾץСʮּΪٵ׷ʵҪôܸأ˵
ֻܸˮ½㡭
С˵š
ң
һǷӦ˹ĺ˿һĨȻʵҪô
ʱ޷ÿһ̶ڲԼȥǸŮҲԥȥ
Ƿµ̫֪࣬Ҫôȥ
䣬ܹһ漣
ٴһССǶŷ˵
ʵʲô
䣿
һԵĿС򣬺ֱµ˵ͷ
䣬Ϊ֮ĸسʱһż顭


833 
شżԴڻ磬ݻһУ顭
СʵСĽ£ԵɣҲ˽⵽˺֮ܶǰûнӴ֪档
ΪʱԼѾ״̬޷飬ԱҪдѪ֮˵Ϊɲ壬߻飬Լܵõ츳Ӷ
ԣҲ˵ˮȻѻ٣ǣȴţֻ뵽Լ츳ȥ˶ѣֻҪ㹻ܹˮµľǳһͿػ
ǣҪֻһܹõǾǻ磡
ܹ֮ݻһֻҪƿ䣬һĲΣ˵һݻҲпܣ
ƿô
ƳĬЩ˸
ȻʱѾ֪Ҫôƿ䣬ǣҪ̸ּ֮ף
֮ǰѯʹֻأż֮ηôܵõ
ȴǣɽİ˼ң
ഫ˼ңӵּ֮аֵĹϼ壬̫һֱڣ񣬰ĵλûܹҡһֱʢ˥
ƿصԼ̶ǿĹĴȥϵȻһֱ඼Ǻƽദ
ھּ֮ҲǾżΪǿԣȴռƿأռȴڰ˼ҵķ֮ڣ֮һ
붼ÿˣҪ֪֮ŵǣռң˴ϹңȻ֮ƽƽɼǵʵжôǿˡ
Ҫ˼һϻüֱ֮ڵ죬˼һ񣬶ڼ֮ܿؼϣֻ˵˼ҶԼҵļ֮ռҶԹܿصĳ̶һģ
ɼҪõż֮ѶȾжˣ
˼һɲǺǵģǣûܹסԼǱɣ
һ뵽ƱǴͷۡ
츳
ƺѾˣΨһʣµģֻа׻ˣ
ǣҪƿ䣬ȴôңңڣǲܵ顣
˼һ񣬲ǰǵ׷ɱɽ罫ûԼ֮أǣĿǰҪƿ䣬ôԼȥǣ
һƿģ
ǿգսȭͷ¶һɵƴ˳ϯķ
˼һ̶ѨҲҪȥһ
ˣһֽ㸲𣡡
ǿ£쳹ϵԡ

Ʋûż߳ȥǻһطһľɽ
Ѱһˮ¡
ıλãӦһӰţĪĴļ䡣
ˮ£ô
Ϊżʵ
ȵҪ֪ˮµľǾǲǻڣΪǾǶˣǾû˸Ŀԣ
Ӱûлشһֱƶ˫һ㡣
ˮ£ˮ£
һһĺţǣͷӰȴ糣ƺĺһ
ˮ£˵شҡ
ƼˣһסͷӰϸϸ̽飬ڵÿһƲ
Ҳ֪˶ãͷӰĺĴһϸ΢ĹϣܵһϤļµĲ
ˮ£ô
Щ٣Щʵ
X
һ΢ĻĶڣõһʱͼ
ˮ£㣬㻹ڡ
ʱѹڷеǿʯͷʵʵķӿһױȵϲá
޷İõĽŮΪۻԼ
ˮ£Ϊôɵ
ŻӰĴǸʺĹ㣬һио޷յһĻĻǰطš
һķޱȵľôҪһΣ
X
ڷļ䣬ƺڰοһҪúõĻȥ
ˮ¡
ˮӯյ˫ˮϵĺۼôԣ˵ţһúõĻš
ͫڣһƬᶨ
ǵģܰҲǷϣҪɱˣ
ҪӵǿʵҪƿ䣬Ҫһֱǰ壬̤ƽǰһϰ
X
ƺǸӦ˷Ƶдϲļ䣬
ˮ£һģȻҪӡ
ǸϸСĹ㣬˵ţǹһĨǳǳĻȡ


834 ֲ
Ұ֮ϣһվԶһ͵СһëСվǴĸȤĿ⿴
꣡
ģ¶⣬һȵϱŷ˳ϯܣΧĲľֱոɾ
ʱţɲԽԽǿңģЩ⣬࣬γһȼյĻ棬ķƵڣǻoһ㣬ڻ浱УҲûܵˣ
ҿ
۾˫죬һʱһɱϢ˲

ƿƵջ٣ıһ˫ûаʵĳͻأչ˳΢΢Ĳ䣬һɺƥƷľϯ˷ġ

˫΢΢һչǳһ㣬ת۾û뵽Ʋ֮Уټٶȼ졣
ǿ
֮ϣ˫ɳ͸ű˫֮ڵĲд󾪡
˫ĳ֮ڣܵһɼΪǿ˴ʱǳ֮Ľϣ΢΢һӦĵĲ
ʵ̫ǿˣûиܹģ
¡¡
ֱۣǰֱҳһȭʱ쳹һ֮ǴһΧĿռ䶼ǱһۿɼʮֵĿɲ
ôǿ
Ȼ˫дڵܣȻԶԶĳӵе츳һȭȻܱںǳ֮ķӡһ޷⣬ʹñȭܹ⡮ɱˣ
ôģ
ɻ󣬱˫ϸϸĸо˫ϵĲѡ
ܹоǿֻǣĿǰʣ޷̫࣬ǱֱɾʥҲܹɱǿ޷ԣܿƱôڵһʱ䱻˺Ƭ
ѵǻź
͵۾һƬȻ
С˵ԼӦǽźںˣ
һ뵽źĳӿһ޷ѹƵ𾪡
ʱȷ˫֮ڵ϶ǻźӵеģ
Ȼڡ
ӿһɿϲ֮顣
˵ʵ̫Ҫˣ
ʱ粻ǲξһ㣬ҪϺھпһ˿⣡
ֻҪ㹻ǿᣬܹܣôӵʥ˼
һ룬оӿһ޷ļ
ʱȻξ̶ȣǣں˻뾫ǣ׹꾫ǣǣǣʣѾܹһĴˣͼܴܾû⣡
ˣǣ
ΪʥˣǲԶʥ³֣Ȼַ
ôֻҪﵽܾ磬ôʥ֮£ƾ޵еĴڣ
ʾ磡
ƺ죬š
ֻҪﵽܾ磬ʼԹ˽ַ
ৣ
˫һչµ棬ĳǴɽȥһ߶С˵ţһκζ
ͷڶ۷ڣûʲôȫɽƤ֮ϣǽ붨״̬
֮һΪҪȫСܴÿһСܵˣͬǱѣ᲻룡
ʱƱǽȫ֮ϡ
ʼɣ
ĺһΣһһɫһɫǴڱȡ˳ֱӳ˿ӿڷƾȷĿ£Ѿ˽ȥ
飡
һ֮ڴ˳ƵԺǱشһ㣬һ죬һƬհףɫ԰ףſڣһʺѪ˳
ô£
۾ھһƬ㵡
ʱоͻȻըһ㣬ÿһϸܵصĴˣǱ˺һʹ޷ܣڲֹ
ûԥæũҩ֮ϵҩȫȥ޸ЩˣʱǷ֣ܴĲǼ⣬ȻЩ۲ɼľ
ѵǡ
һ㶣ת֮ϣǿԭʱȻżϸ΢Ѻ۴棬һӦƱǵһʹһ
ô
⼸ϸСѷ죬ھǴңǷóǾľᣬϸϸĿ


835 ֤ô
ƽеľϸĿ֮ǱǹһĨŨŨĿЦ
Լ̫ˣ
˳֮ʱע֮вɵһɺҡ
ҺøղоԣֱɢȥȻʱԻὫѣҵ³
һ뵽ѵĺɵľһ亹
ȫ飬ǲͳ˷ô
ԼΪǼ򵥵飬ֱӺ˷ľʾŪĴʱء
һ;ΪÿһǼΣգвͻԨǧ¥һߣԼ

ʱ֮󣬷Ʋ۾³һ
ʱ켶н׵ҩ֮£ڲǽϵĴ޸ãҲ㲻еĴˡ
ǻˣҵһײҲҪȥң켶нҩʦҲ֣ʮ۹ҲλѰˣʸȥ켶нҩʦ֣
ũҩ䣬ԣûʲô󰭣ȻɽҰ룬߳ȥҩʦһݷѾĻ
Ҿôͻξģ
ǽѾͨ˲̵һһ㶣һƬãȻ
֮ѣҪٻ
ôôͨģΪλᱻͨһôľ룿
ƿĺܣûһУڽ֮ļڷġ
˵ҪͨĶ˿Ҫһʱô
žᣬϸĿţһ㶡
أʱ䰡Լ֪£Ȼһʱ飿
п϶ǷʲôԼ֪飡
㣬ƼţԵ޹ʵıͨΨһıƺֻͷСˡ
ѵǣ
һ߳˶ڣֻС£Сɽſڣһ˫â˸ɨܣְļŸλ

ŲСתͷ˽˷ƵĻС
ŷƵѪҺʱǽƵΨһˡ
Ǻǡ
۵΢΢һ˸ͷľ߹ģǣʾǡ
Сڣҵǲͨģ
Ʋǿʵ
ǵģ
Сգ۾ֱӾͳˡ
ৣ
ʱԭſڵϼµСһӾͻ˹һӰվڷƵļͷ֮ϡ
ѽѽ
żָԼҺݺݵĵһС
һ﴿ǳ²࣬ԼˮסǷƲһٱ鰡һٱˡ
СҪʲôǿǶݺݵĿ⣬ͷɥĵͷȥ֮¡
ѵ㣿
ΪɵСһۡ
һûаʲô忪Լ
ѽѽ
Сǳƨĵͷ۾һмҰɵɫ
㣿
ƸˣһÿζͣѾˡ
ܣһ￴ȥܲ򵥡
ѽѽ
룬СʱͼˣŬıţǣȴһҲûһתǴһĨ޵Ļȣ˵ܹ֤
һ仰ʱõС׻ڵĿɿڴĿ
֤ƨϴΪһԼ̽ȥˮѾȫˣʲô֤
㲻֤
ģϵɫ͸ӹŹˣлźصĵʡ
һϲͣڱ˰ɣ
ޡ
СѪſ˵ھŨŨԹ
ƴʱЩʲôɺԼʱ
ôˮ˷ϣ֪жҲˣʱȴԼ˲簡
ߣ
һһۣǿСҲЦݣ͵˵Сڣܴͨǲǣ
ţ
Сĵ˵ͷھ˷ܡ
֤¿
˫Ӹ߷ƣСû˵ѣʱϵЦŨˣһС򣬲ٴζС˵
õģ
СӦһһ˫ڵǳֳ֮ɫſ³һǳֱ֮ײ˷ڣֱӳȥ
ʱŵ꾡ðæסˣҲٴܵ˲СĳʱɫҰףɫˮ졣
ô忪ҵģ
ǰһ޹Сǳ˳飬ʵ
ǰ
СԼˡ
ѽѽ
һԵСȴЦڵȥĵĲˣʱͻ˷Ƶһǰۡ


836 ɽ
⾿ģ
޹СЦطС򣬷Ƴ
ţСû˵ѣӦþôġ
һ뵽ղŵֲɵĻ亹졣
ⲻڳ
ܳܵǰܵĳǣСʱԾôģܹ϶ֻǣһǷԼ֪飬ȻԼʱ򣬾ͲͻƣǳΪˡ
ͬʱҲˣΪڣܹҪһ²ܹˡ
ţǲ˳顣
ôأʱΪܹǰأ
ɻ״̬Щյ̫Ѩ
ߵıҲһˡ
ʱǽĿСϡ
ѵһ
۾
ȻСûκεĹǣȴǹ֮ضܹȥһУ˵ãôһ͡
ֻǣʱСȴʵˣһ˫ǰһ̯ʾԼΪõķƶʱˡ
֮ڣͨĶ˿ڣһ˲̵һؾٶȣ޷Լʱ߱ͨͨǶò˶೤ʱ䣬΢Ĺ㣬ǳ֮Ĵڣһʱ硭
ǣû·ߣǾͱһ꣬õʱȥˡ
νʵǿеһһȥǿֱܹܳΪֹʱģ̶ܳȣҲҪʱ䳤̡

̾һҲΣһĨȻ˵ҪһĹˡ
ԭΪڶʱͻܾ磬ȥܽڻźʥ֮޵Уǣȴпʵˡ
ȳȥںɽ羿һʲô
âһССǳŻҰ⼱Ӷȥ
½ûʲô챦ǣⲢɽûУƶµĿռڴ

Ǽڵ֮ڡ
ˣôһСҲ첻ãǸʲôԵģ
洫ĺҶڶҡõĹǰӰѣ̧ͷ
ôҲû뵽Ȼл˳֣
飡
죬Ӱǵ˳ȥ³ѪɫܿĹ˿
Ƿǳǰ˵ܣǰԼȳ̶ȵˣһֱϰˣһֻ־Ϳ
ԣһһεıײɣȴһһεұֳ˿Ĳ
飡
ٴαײ֮ûȫ̱Ѫһûһµĳ鴤ţңģȥһûȥˡ
źû٣ɱһһˣͦ͵
ɭȻǵħڵƣǳŭ
֪˵ʱ֮󣬲ֱڵ
һǺ۸ģ
ңݴξ̶ȣܹ̤УԾӵпռ츳ˣˣһǶرĴڣôǰ˹ʥ֮˵£һưոǾͳˣ
һӣ൱˻һ尡رһ壬ӵпռ츳˷ʤҪǹʥеˣȻڻһǣǾҲ˲ʱأпܸطֵᱻγ
ԽԽƣٴĳƣǰٴλ˳ȥһſҲ϶ˡ
һ׷Ӧ֪ôɣ
Ӱĺ˿΢ƽ˵
֪
һ˴ӼΪشţ˼Σȴû
ߣ
ӰһĨâվֱߴ߳ң̱֪

һΪľ¥֮ڣڣ顭
ȣȻǻ֮ңѾˣ˶֪ǹʥ˻壬ȴõԼ۹˴ˣȻĸвޣȴҲη屻ʥΪڰͽһࡣ
ʥֶΣǶйţЩۼʶѪֶĲ
ǣһЩСڵĹʥѾܵ˵ϮǹʥĽͽǱնɱҴ˻»Ҫɱһйʥˡ
ԴˣʥȻŭҪڰͽǣȴӰҲûпԱҲûŪʵõӵһأͬʱипǸʲô˾Ȼ˵ǹʥ


837 
¼˶Ϊʥ󶯸ɸ꣬ǣǣȻǽеĺףǣȴûʲôʵжҲûֵϼӽ䱸һ糣ʵĺܡ
Ϊûȴõ˻ɣǲһ˵ˡ
һ뵽ȥһЩˣʱ˹ʥΪλˡ
Ǵλ֮¼УһΪһ˱ʥ˴ɱˣ㣬ܶ˶
ǾԵģ
ԣ˵ʥܱܲһ壬ܹ⣬һ˫սԻǣһ٣ʱ򣬹ʥҪԵ壬ԣֻĬĬĳһŭֱΪֹ
ǣֵݻ֮Ҳ˵˷һЩߡ
ǾǣֻɱʥĳԱǣȴ˼ͨڡ
ǣÿһֵ֮ڣߵȳԱȫʧһЩ³Աڶͨڵڡ
ԭһô
ھƹ֮һŵķƾŶԵһЩ̸ۣʱǽ⿪Լɻ
ǷŭͬʱҲΣ޷ĵ֣ͨȷߣʥץס㣬Լʩչֽţ
ڿ˵ȼ˵ʵͨ˵һ£ǵĿںţǾԲͨƵˡ
Ҳֻܷһˡ
ã̾һ
Ҳ֮ݻʥҲƾʵҲܹһ㡣
ǣǼܲʵ顣
һԼһˣȻ»ᴫǱߣǣһ岢ûȱӵпռ츳ĳԱ˼ҾԲ⣬ǾͲܴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ңڵʱһȻǣǻŮȴǴŻ˺ȥ
ڣԼڸŻźҪ֪ˣǻԼƴ
һ뵽㣬ƾͿЦѡ
˴Ҳֻܷһˣƾʱȥʥɽ鷳ѻʯ
Ȼ㻳һˣǾٷһѡ
¼侧ϣ߳¥˳УŶ۹һȥ

ûв©ǽοⶫ۹ڣǶ̶̵ļʱ䣬Ϣʹ򡭡
һ峤һʱŭǣ˺֮ŭȴȥΪӵпռ츳ˣһҲû١
ǣϢ˻壬ʱ˺Ȼ󲨡
ȣǾ߻˺ƾʥ˿Ļ˺Ǽ򵥵ô
ź
ǻ峤뵽ģǣľ֮󣬶ʱ԰׵ȥ
ܹźӵдѪɣˣԲÿһڻ֮ڣֻһˡ
ˮ£
ԣֻһˡ
ӵпռ츳
ȻĲǺһû˵Ļôֻһˡ
ˣôܣ
峤Ļңȴõڻ峤һȻ
ǻŮ˻˺ɱ˹ʥˣԻ˵ûжʧǲףԼ峤Ϊλʧ̬
ֻлˮͬɫѿ
ȥһһ壡
仰峤վһȥ
ȷ飬ɲǿЦģǸĳ£Ǿᷢʲô飬û˿Ԥϡ
һ岢ûȱٳԱ
һ峤ƽĶ˵ʱɫǲҰףȫɫͷˮϵ
峤ǡ
״峤һ㶣ǹĵʵ
Ϣڻƺûжʧ
峤Σˡ
峤һۣǿЦ˵š
ڷȫԱѰһˮµʱȴˣΪ壬˴ģѰңǻĸҳ֣
ڣˣ֪Ժϱ룬ҲڵͲᷢˡ
˵Ŀģ
һԣ峤ʱɫ৵һ¾վҲȥ
ǳףǸ˵ʲô
ǧȷ
ֱ£峤صĵ˵ͷ

ˣ⾿ǳʲô£
ͶĹǰдЩʵ󣬻ŮУڶǴһĨӡ
޴ĵûκηӦһ˫ɾƺܹһУ֪δ
ҵˮ£塭
֮վתɫĶ˵


838 Ԫ
Ԫ
Щһ֮̽󣬷֪һҩԣܹľӶﵽ°빦Ч
̲ë֮С
ⶫ֮󣬷Ƴ׵ķ
ΪԪͬǴë֮ڣҪ޾µĳſֵܳͣѾܹ׼ʥＶ䱦ˣ
ʵ⵽Ϊ󣬶ΪЧֻˣڸ߽˵ǺôԲŲ֮ܳΪʥ
ǣⲢûмļֵΪ߽ߣͬǣȴҪʱ
ʵΪԪļ۸ʵǹڰ󣬶һöЧǳһʱѣԣҲܹõֻЩĴӵܹܲõ𣬶һ˵ֶһ㻹óɴܹ׬һʡ
ϾһöԪʵܹЧҲǼ߶ѣ
ҪȥһĳС
˼š
ֻʥˣŲʥµ˳֣֣ҲѹΪ۷壬ܶʥ
ǣԷĿǰΪʣܹԿܾˣԣŴռ㹻Ԫ֮ͻƵʾ磬ȥҹʥ鷳ܸһ鷳ȻǸѣ˲ǡ

ƳǣǶ۹Ĵ֮һ޾£һǳϵĳУţ֮ڣŶ۹ʥԣһֱǷƽ˾ûгʲô飬Ϊ
ңĴ۶ԶĴʹ󣬿ֱӽдͣս٣ܹʱϵ֧ԮΪ㡣
ǼĶʯӦܹԪټ˰ɣ
ԶԶģƱǿԶȻ΢΢
һ·СеĶʯȥ켶н׵֮СʾȻջ񣬵ȴûмԪټԣƳǱǳΪĵһѡ
ңҪǣܹȥ۶
Ǻɽ硭
ʮ侧ĽǷ֮󣬷Ʊϵĳ֮ڣһɸпһ
ķٳ̶ȳ󣬲һ۹ڵǣ䷱ٵĳ̶ȣȻѾܹ½ᲢˣܹڳÿһҶӵʮĴУ֮̿
һǣѾˣô۶أ
ѵķңҲɽô
ЩҲ෽Ĵˣⶫ۹ʵҲһλ۴ĹȣȻǿᣬƺңе۳ǵңͷһĴСⲻɵ÷뵽ǳڵʱôһ
Ⲣǲܵ飬һλ´۾ܹһҵֻǣпܵǳʧ֮ȴµĴۣԣҲűֻص½

һ·ѯ˼ˣƱһ͵Ķʯ֮ڡ
ͨëȻֱӹˣһֱ˱۶ʮ侧ϵľƷ˽ŲһֻƣЩëɨţʱôͫѰԪټ
ûпԪľǣѯ֮ʱȴǿԪФЩܹٵƣǣȴȫһ
ʱ֮ڣʮëϣԪûټȴʮö֮࣬ĶʯһƬ׷ԲԵѶΧȥ׷׳Ҫ
λǰСӻᣬҲҪǣλҲˣСӲŽξԣԪλǰóԪСȻ⽻
ЩϹŶԽΧԽ࣬ʮˣ֪ʱˣʱǳܹ֣
һʱõϹŶüͷ
СӣȻ󣬵Ǽ۸ȴԪ̫ˣ
һƤǸɿƤһϹŶúǲŷ˵
Ŷ
Ʋ΢΢һЦϹŶʵôλǰΪô㹫ƽأ
ҲԪǴһĲ࣬Կ㣬ֻҪܹռԪͳˡ
Сӣ龧໻ô
ϹŶüͷ壬ʵ
Ǻǡ
΢ЦҡҡͷǺ˵ţλǰҲˣСӵ켶ͫԣ龧С˵ʵҪСҪģֻԪ
˵˶ǵ˵ͷͬ
һλ켶ʯʦ˵龧ȷʲôϡ֮


839 Դϲ
ҩԣܹһ꣬Ԫҩԣܹһʱ˵ߵĲ඼Ǻܴ
ʱ˵ҲȴõЩϹŶЩá
Ԫ˵ûУǣǼĵ̣ԺҪ츳ӵõģǲԸóѡ
ǷȴЩϹŶǵȰԣЦԶԣȴҧסزɿڣҪԪſϽõϹŶ޿κΣ
Ƴǣе۹սʥǣǼȻǿᣬǣҲ۹սʥӣڳںȻҲкùӳԣĴۿ϶ҪȴʱõҪࡣ
ЩѾϳɾ˵ˣǲСʧ
СӣҿóԪ㽻
һƤѾѣήңʣ¹ǸɵϹŶΡΡǰŷ˵
Ŷ
һϲȴҲ¶ɫǴŵ΢ЦʵλǰҪôأ
һöԪȡö㻻
ϹŶǵһĨɲľâҪ˵ţƺһ̾ͻһ
ö
׽һľâʱ΢΢һУϱ¶Ϊѵɫǰöʵ̫ˡ
Сӣⲻ࣬Ҫֻ֪ǼƷ챦ǣԪȴ׼ʥ屶۸
ϹŶһĵģŷȰ˵ţƺ˺ܴĿһ
Ǻǡ
ôһ˵иˣ΢Ц˵ԪȻΪ׼ʥǣһöԪҩҲһʱѡңСҲͬһıннġ
һ
ΧЩϹŶüͷʱ
СӣһǾԲеģһģ㻻öҲǵ߽Կ
ϹŶҡҡͷǴһĨЦ˵
ԭҲҪ׬ˣ˭֪ǰ⿴Ƴ۵꣬ȴҲһֻС꣬˿ϳԿ
ɽ
ɨһϹŶ飬ûԥֱӾʹӦȴõЩվŵϹŶˡ
ǽѾûжԻˣȻҲڶʯڣʮöǿʮ˵ǺҪģ
ǣƽǸϹŶֵٶȴǺܿ죬ǿ֮ʣֱӾѾ˽һһ˶ʯͰʳ
Сӣ̫ˣ
ǰģô
оʱЩϹŶֱŭ
һģʵϹŶ׬˺ܴıˣǽϣһıУ㹻
Ҳ˵ܹöܹöһöԪУܹ׵һö
ֺ±ˣȻͲˣ
λǰ԰꣬СﻹʣһЩ
ĳлϲѣ֣óһ棬Щпʮһö
û⣬ȫһĵıн˽öԪ֣ʣöȴûٳˣŷƣĿĺȷ
СٿٽнΣ
̵ĽʮöԪպãЦϹŶ˵
ããϽ
ϹŶһȻӦãŷƸϽʯȴõҶʯĹ¿ЦѣȴҲ޿κΡ
ʮϹŶվŸϷô
ǣҲûţһԵСһҪȥһʱһʱҶʯǱˣĶͽŷƿ׷ͳԼļҵëϣҶʯҲû׬˲١
ƣֻëϣ켶нͫСѣܹﵽٷ֮ʮǣΪ˶Ŀʮҿһöļʽš
ˣʮ֮һļʣҲõȫĶͽǾѣ׷׶֮Ϊˣӵͫˡ
ʮ֮һ˵켶н׵ͫ켶۷壬ҲܴﵽزΨһĿܣź裬ר͡
Ͼ˿Ҳûп챦
ͣﵽ̶ֳȣ֮ΪͫҲΪ
˵ļʣõϹŶǿĲѣǷ׷׶óԪϲ̵Ž
ÿһν׬һöܲô
ǶŽȻ֪Լ϶ԿǣҲ⣬ҪԪԪǲǵռôô
ң˵Ҳʱѡ


840 ҵ
ʱ֮ڣһֱڶϹŶΧţڸʯ֮䣬˵ļʶ棬ڣǱ˼¼
죬һٰʮö
Ŀֲõ˶ǳѣ߽Ծӵͫ꣡
һĵıУЩ˵걻׬ˣʱȴû˸˵ʲôϹŶԽԽܶ඼ֱӽԼϵ׶óˣҪһЩ˵ģֻǺ۾ޱĽվ￴ţ
ԣһٰʮöҲȫϸϹŶǻȡˣܹ͵õʮöԪ
һöԪܹһʱһҪʮöôѾܹάʱˣ
˾Ԫʱڶۺ죬ǣһֱڶϹŶӻУȴû˸Ҷ֣
ʱϹŶУٲȻѾǵµһν׬ȡһöõ޷
ǣѾ߱ÿһҶʯڶϹŶʢ£ȥһǡ
һжʯǱ峡һΣͳƣǸͫһʮö
һԾҲˣҲɳ̽ʵԡ
ֲ̫˸޷ԣȻ˵öҩԻǣٶö㹻ϹŶٰˣ
һõϹŶҲҪ׷ģ൱һλҩˣ

ѾӵһʮһöԪˡ
ţлϲѡ
ѾάʮˣƹƣƾԪﵽξ̶ȶûˣǣĿ˫ͨ
ЩϹŶ˵ѰԪҩԵ£Ҳһϣ壬ʥ壬ȻܹԼܶʱ䣬ǣҲҪҵʱ䡭
ôһ˵б˼ƽϣӵּ֮ټСİôһʱӦþѾ㹻ˣ
Ҳ˵ҪʮöԪңʱתҲǾ˲һ롣
ȥ۶ˣ
΢΢˸
ʾ磬ź֮ʥ֮£ܹ޵УҲǴʥծʱˣ
ѩʦ
ڷƴһҶʯ֮߳һ䲻ӣЦݵӭĶԷƽе
ΪݣٴθˣȻ˭֪˵ûнԼֱǴʥĶǿɾͲˣرԼйһ֮ԵӣԻ
ǵҵˡ
ӵװһ
Ҳ֮Уô£Ǿ͹ˣ
ļʣȻʮ֮һһѾѡë֮ڣʱУѾƵλ÷켶۷ʯʦĸ߶ˣ
ˣܹĲƸ޿ɹԣҳˣ
˵ݣüͷ΢΢
ǵĵطǶҪǿ룬ûκΰ취ڶ۹ҾǾԵףԣǵǲˣڶ۹϶ǴȥģҪ߳ȥҲǺѡ
ܹѩʦˣսʥҲˣ
ֺǺǵ˵ţҲ͸¶Լݡ
һʥˣ
սʥ˹ˡ
΢΢һҲЦݣĺк
ɳһսʥʵо¶̬ȣһȻأڶҲǵľģڱصõľģ
ĳһԵϹŶȻҲĳʱɵ¶Ц
µҪˣ
ʱҲ׬˸ӯÿ˶ǷһСƣ˵ҲѾ㹻ˡ
սʥûй
ˬĴЦţʮֺ˵ѩʦͷڵ۶ɶ˵ˣһ֮ڿٶöǴһ¼ʯʷŨһʣѩʦͷɾҪɽˡ
˵ģȷʵͫʵ̫ˣ˻ֻһѣǸʱ䣬ʿ϶
ˣĹ˼ң־漶ҲҪΪ֮Ŀɣ
ѡ
ҡͷЩյ˵š
ֻƾļҲѰʯʦ߲˶٣ֵܱôΪСԭ
ǣ˿ɲ֪ЩֻǷƹڵǫˡ
ѩʦҲ㣬Ҫѩʦȥģ֪ѩʦΰ
ֱ˵⡣


841 ù
⻰һʱԭЩĳʱͰ˵ĿⶼǿվſڴǸ꣬ȴĻش
ܾҵ룬ɲǺ飬˶Ϊƿ϶ӦֻС˼ͫ
ܹӵͫҲԲżȻ飬󣬺пҲһȻ
ԣʱӲûֱ˵ΪĹϣ˵ȥίࡣ

üͷһЩԥ
ֻһʯʦܹΪһҵ۹Ĺϣǻ֮ãǣȴһҪ
ʦ
ʱ򣬴Զ͹ͻأĴһֱӾʹԭЩŵա
ȥֻһźƾСͷǳ߹ŽѾӿٵ˹
ͷаףһţ֪жûˣҲ֪Ǵ˶ˣԭӦɫЩɰף־ƣ˵ʵһ㣬һҪġ
ʦҵˣ
˷ƵǰСͷֱӾץסƵĿŴĿ޺ţứһһѵŷƿһע⣬͸Ϳ˺ܴһƬģۡ
λ
˶ǿٵĳ鴤˼ΣŬѹеŭЩҧгݵ˵λ˼ңҲʶ㣬ſң
ҪѣǣСͷ˫־һζҲ޷ѿ˫ֱпܣõķƲѣףСͷʲôͷΪλ׵顣
ûע⵽ǣԭ̾еСȴ۾СͷǾȻһĨԻļЦ
ţʦ㾹ȻҪˣأҲ˰Ҳˡ
һ⻰ⲻݵСͷʱܵʲôشĴһʱͿʼأȪһ㣬ֱӾͽƵĿմʪһƬܹˮ

϶Ĺô⣿
ѵǴ˵еģùƣ
ٺ٣Ȼһ
˵Ҫʦɣ
һﻹ⣬ƾ˼ͫʦܹϣ
Сͷ֮ΧĶͽǶ¶ϷʵɫС
ڶͽ磬ΪƵСͷǺպ۹ʱǻǹˣ£õ˶ǻĸҵˣǣԴմ˶֮󣬰ٶİ䣬ȫҵȫ˶ʯڣӴʵһ
ЩСͷǻ켣ڶ۹ʯڣΪٶİ䣬Ҳһͷù
٣ڶͽ磬֪ĵù۵ùû˱ȵĹ
ǣҲһ־ùһֱǽһ켶۷ʯʦΪʦΪԼ·ϵĿ꣬ģҪϰ˾֮ͫ󣬽ԼȫҵȫӮ
û˽⵱һ£ڶͽУҲһЦѡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳûע⵽սʥɫȴСͷ˸
ù
Сͷ¼֮󣬷бǺݺݵĳ鴤˼Ρ
ƺԼ˺ɽҲһֱû˹ǸһﶢϵԵʰɣ
ɿ
ԼڵˮһƬĿܣʱɫˣڶ˵ĳϣ϶һ߹ȥ
أҲɿģʦȻҲɿ
СͷƽţһѱһƿϲţвζŨ㲻ӦҾһֱȥľģ
ɿ
ǿƴʱˣһʵ̫ˣƺܲףô˶ıأһ۽£ǶѾɺˣһЩվĽ˶ӶԶԶܿ
£ƽϵļⶶţ޴ŷ˫ơ
ţ
ӣСͷȻûа㷴Ӧʱõķһ㶡
䣬Ѿᵽ磬СͷȴأƺԴȫûиоһ㡭
ôܣ
һһĨâҪǰСͷΪ
õȴǣһ
ǣϣѾ˶̶ˣ
һһˣܹסôңĿǰƺûжκӰ죡


842 лʦë
˲򵥣
֪ΪΣôһͷǰΪƵСͷ϶ĳڸԼʵΪ
ֲģڸǷѾ켶н׵ҲƲˣʱƿĿǱˡ
һﲻǱϿȥô򵥡
أʦһҪңȻҾͳ𡭡
ưţĨĶƺһǾȷͿĨ˷ƵĿϣĿķڷһϵʱ򣬷ˡ
ãҴӦˣ
ǰʲôĿģΪԼһܣֻȴӦˡ
ϾҲ˭ܹϰģ
ƴ⣬ֻҪһϰˣԼƵͿˣ
ȻӦΧ޲ͶԲĿ⣬ǺΪ㵵Ŀ
ͫ꾹Ȼ˵ĺ˵
ÿһλ켶ʯʦǸ߹ģҲǸ߰ģѰˣǸмǣǴкҲʧݣ˵ͽˡ
ѵǱĵģ
ŷĿܣǶǺݺݵĳ˳顣
ù治ǸǵģΪ˰ʦʲôֶζʹĳ
ʣַԼϣ治У
ŵǵĺǺͬʱлɵѵһڶ壿
ģ
һ⻰ƺǰο죬һ˫ʵ˫ʱͳڴɣ̧ͷŷơ
ðɣġ
ݵģƺܾˣǼƺвĨƣǺܼѵĴӦ
ԼʲôΪλήôһùĥԼأ
ʦ̫ˣأҺøж
ʱƱվֱһǱˮӾڷƵ·ʹĥţʱƱǸоһ󷭹
ȻƾúܶģǣԲҪŻµƣǻĶ
ƣӦС
ѽѽ
ȻӷƵڱǴСŭĽʹŤӣȴѲ״ֻܿһӨ͸ҺմԼɾë档
ſ
ҧгݵĵͺš
һǣһ˫־ǽɵһ˶Ҳ˿ƣ𲻵κá
ٲſҾͲͽˣ
֮£ֻвˡ
ǻˣ
лʦ
һ⻰ɿ˿ЦĶŷƹ˵ţȴǳĵ⡣
ѽ
ڷҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬰ӰһӳֱӾͳǻȥ׺ݵģƺҪ֮˺һ㡭
ǣ÷Ӷȴˣ
ǵʥ˶޷׽С򣬾ȻݵĻ־ץУȻ󡭡
ʦ̫ˣëã
һСǱˮϲãһЦ˵ţĻõķƾþ÷Ӧ
Свϵ˻ţȴֹĶԭǸɾëϣմһһľӨ塣
һУУǸûʲôУС򲻹һֻûκιСѣƣô˵ҲһΪץͷСޣȻûκ⣡
Ƿȴ𾪵޷
СһĺܣϳԿڣȴǳôһӣԻƺ޼ȴӲħơ
һ﾿ʲôˣ
һκˮӷƵĶͷ
ǰ⿴޺ͷдʱһħһ㣬ɲ⣬ľ
ƾģСԿһ㣬㹻˵Ĳˣ
лʦë
ڲĲʱ򣬻һŽմ˾ӨС׸ơ
СȻһεȥ
һһΣС󲻸ǹǿһٶȣʱȴǲڣÿλֻҪ֣׾ٵĽץУȻһһŰţõȥлϡ
ʱһֻǵСɽèһëƤճһ𣬾Ө͸壬õŻҲӽˡ
һĻ־磬ܶ˶ΪƻᲪȻŭǣȴǳǵ֮⣬ƣƺѾĬ˻ùĴڡ
Χ˶ǲ⡣
ʦߣȥЩʯ˵ļҵȫӮ
ڷƵһ䣬߳ȺŴ͹Ӷȥ
˲ټ֮Щ˲ƺƻûдӦҵ롣


843 
ڣ޴ܴУ˫âƺܹһУ˭ֻҪ˫۾ĶƵĴ
塭
ǰޱȳϣиߺţڽߵ֮
ÿ糿ҹ䣬ΪʱΣп͵ʱ
һսڵʱܵ˫ͻأ貵â
ͣ
âЯỊ̄ûǹ򵹵ļԺڣʱõһϵ¶ױȵļɫȴ¶ɻɫ
ˣΪΰ
۾һƬãܣʵ
ֻǣȴûа㷴Ӧһ糣
ѵΪ˱ٴοսŽô
һĨȻӦ֮Ƕߵйĺ͡
ϣվҴҵ˳ȥ
ףǸܵ˵ʱпѾɱΪȴŭأ
ѵû£
û̫࣬ܿ峤岻ȥ׷Ѱơˮ¡źߵ䣬ٴοս
Ȼ峤Щ⣬˵µͣ׷׶壬аɡ

ͫ꣬һǶ̶ʱ䣬ֱǴ۹ÿһ䣬ٱߵĵ۹ҲⷽϢʱ˶Ǹ۶Ҫʶʶͫǲдеǰ
̫˼ˡ
ÿһվֳۿ˶Ƿĵĸпš
һööӨ͸ǰôҫۣΧݣõޱȣ
Ƴǿʼڣʱ䣬Ϊѩ꣬ƾ˫ͫѾһǧٰʮö
Ӵ֣û˻ܱ򶨣Ϣǳ˳һ۹ʱǶסˣ׷ɳʹ˶۶
Ц˾ǿö۹ôеļֵʵ̫ɹˣܹıһ۹Ժ
Ҳû취ģ۹ȻҲԼọ̈̄ȻǾԻŴ۹ŭǾ͵òʧˣԣ֮ƿǱʮ۹ֹˣ۹Ҫ£ƣȻҲ˲ܵ顣
ǷƿϴӦ۹Ҳϸɣԣһ֮󣬷ƱǳΪʮ۹Ĺϣ
ֻкô飬ȻҲܣκƣܹи۹ĹֻҪ֮˵һٶõ飬ֶΪأ
Ҫǣİȫ˾Եıϣ
ʱʮ۹УٲȻһͱأ޷üֵݣ۹ЩϹŶǶǷΪˣʱʮ۹ҪΪЩϹŶҲܻӦ
鷢չֵزǷûԤϵģлϲÿڸʯڣʱʮˣĲˣߵģǱĿͷһʱ쳹ʮ۹˲֪˲ĳ̶ȡ
ģѾʯһ˵ĳƺ
ԴȴûжȤҲҫΪǿΪڣֻʵ
ʱ󣬵ǣУһҪĹ߶ѣ
ʵ飡
ȻһҲǷûԤϵģ
ǾݵСͷƣ
ڷУһʮĹˣ
ƶ֪̽˶ٴΣȴһֱûܲ͸ʵΪΨһȷǣһ϶Լߣңпܻǡʥˣ
Ҳܹȷÿһλʥˣʮ۹ǷǳҪģȫǳϼĴڣʥˣôܻأ
Ϊ˰ľҲʽ
벻鷢ˣƾȻܹϰ
õķĿɿڴǣһõ֮ȸ٣Ƕ̶̰ʱ䣬ʹð£ȻѾͻƵ˵ؼĳ̶ȡ
ٶȣõķҲɵ̾磬ҲõһٻɣǲΪġ
۹ֿһ龧
ʯڣǵĴЦ
ֻоһö貵龧վﲻһĽţģҪǷжǷᡣ
ԴһϰͷͼǿҪͫǰļҵȫӮԣЩߵģ͸ģȴѡԼʯ
ùͷ׾ͱڵĳƨˣ


844 
ڽ۶ͶʯĲʱ򣬷Ҳռ˽öԪˣҲ˵ƾöԪҩԣѾܹʱˣԣƱǾãʱҪչ˳ܾˣ
ص˿ջ֮󣬷ƱǽշţŻƣϢľʧڷڡ
ͻȻʧҲõʮλ۹ʹΪ죬΢һ룬ȴҲףӵ˴ԪҲʱóˡ
º϶ٴγ֣
ΪǰԪ㹻忪
˵Ķ϶ԣʹҲû뿪۶ȴŷƵĹ

һ˵ԭʼ֮ڣ֣ʱĪҰ޵ĵͺƬɽΣյϢõ̻̣Ҿô
໣
ͻأģһһͷڵľǴռ֮˳ɷϢϯƬԭʼ֣޽ԾǲĿͷͷӹȻҲҶһ£
ѽ
ӺͷϴһЩֵһЩĺЦȴԵĺǹŹ֡
һߵǲ΢΢˳顣
ֻС򱻻ץϣһһŰţʹĴ۾ڣ뱯ߣҵķȴ𲻵˿Ч޷ѻ˵ħơ
⻹Ƿƾ£ȻСֻһ塣
Ҳò棬СٶȣһԼڡ
;ö񺮣
ǰһƺǰͷһܴյһֻҪǿԷǾԾֹܣȻÿζС򱻺ݺݵһŻ
ǣˣСҲģÿһζݺݵȥ
õķЩɣһǲƤǷŰ
Ƶ۾ڵıʹ࣬ƺҲװģҲûûأķƶһľ
ˣ
̲סֹǣɨһ·ԭʼ֣׼һվɽ£С˹ȥ
һɽ֮󣬷ƴСС˽ȥ׼ʼг»Сڶڴ۵Сۡ
ѽ
СЩҧгݵĶͺһвζŨ
Ŷô
ƲΪȻھϷʵɫһĨŹֵĻȣ޵Сģȴû취
ףԼĿǰǶǰһģȥȻûзƻҪһŰһ£
뵽㣬СǺݺݵĵһۣûٴȥǱ۾£˿Ƶƣһʱ󣬻ҲȻζĿתɽڣâת䣬һЦӻ


ĺ˿ѹеļ֣óһöԪʼˣ
ûԥֱӱǷöԪ䣬һȵǴθһĿ£ҩԱڣº͵ҩԽڡ
ҩܹܵס
΢֮⣬Ƶüͷһ壬кǲȷ
Կ
ƻǾ̽һǣǴ֮ڵһǳ֮ӿ˹

ǳ֮ӿ˳֮ĳ֮ڣĶ
أ
˳ʯײһ𣬷ɫǳ֮Űϯܣ֮ϣȴһ㵭ҩԽ֮룬һɾʹõķƲɵĵһ۵ֱ顣
סʹϸ̽ϵ
һ㵭ҩ԰£ǽɣӿǳ֮£ûܵκεˡ
Ч
ڵ˼βͬС̶ȵĳ֮󣬷Ƿ
׼ʥ
пһ
ԪȻǶ֮컯ҩ죬Ҳ޹ֵּܹ֮ϡ
Ȼһ׶ˣǷҲûԥСǳ֮һͬʱڳڵĶͬʱÿһʱƱǷһöԪԱҩԳ
ݳ޵£Ƶľ磬ֲֿʹķţּ֮ȻûԼʱ䣬Ҳ֮Ҫ֮࣡
ǲŹʮʱ䣬ͱһˣ
һƬտľк㣬ûΪ˾Ԫʹ
ʱʣͨĶ˿ڻǶ״̬ˣһ˸źâĶһԨζأͨڣ
ֻҪ忪Ʊܹξ붽ˣ


845 
һ󹤳̣
ǰǼһĶбףҪ忪ǾԲһ顣
̬Ƴֵķ޹ɽľ񣬵ּ֮һһεĳţֲи
ǼΪʹģĴȻԪҩǣȴǴһʹ
ȻʹĺôҲǾ޴ģ
ǳ֮һһĳˢǿҲڿٵţ˵ÿ忪һһؾǿȣѾܹĴˣԣʹԪгԲʲô֢
ԣȻʹ࣬ǣֵõģ˵ϻʹʹƴʱѡ˶ʹ
ܿ죬һʱ͹ȥˡ
ʹĻһûһĳ鴤ţӲ԰һƬɫǰֽһƶСĺΣϵĴӶͷˮϪҲʪ͸ʪһƬûаɴ
ǣôһǿȴ糣ûʲô仯ɶʲôЧ
ǣڷϸ΢Ĺ۲£ȴǿ֮ÿһεĳõΪ֮Ȼɼڣǣȴ֪ĸѾɶˣŴӣܹһЩɫм
̫ˣ
ڶڴĻƣת˵âƺһУ˷ڵ״ƲƲƺǲмһˡ
ֻĻȴõһԼµСۡ
һ﴿վ˵ۣ
Ƶĳɳһ·ţٶȣԴƶ£ڶ̶֮ߵĵزѾǼΪˣ
ܹ϶һˣǰɺ޵ļһ£Ľȣ
ôܲ
˱飬üͷһơ
ߣ
Сһۣû˵Ǳ۾ٴ̾ȥ֮ƲŲʣûһ
ǺǼһڴʲô⣡
û뵽áǵˣȴ˵ûйҪȥĳ˵ڰٺ١
˫һڶϣƺ뵽ʲôȤ飬ЦĺΪ졣
໺𣡡
ⷬĪĻʱǵСҪѨһ㣬ʱȻ𣬻ëһзͳĺ˫żŭС򼴽Ҫ˳ȥʱ׽˻һ˷ܣʱһǻŭϱͬһͰˮѸٵȴȥŭĿݺݵǰצȥ˫㱧һŲʣܻεļЦᣬҲõĻ޿κΣΨĵ̾Ϣһ
һ£ûˡ
ʱȥˣʹȫⶼڳ鴤޾ʹϮ־ݻ壬ũҩ䣬ƾҩܹѹȻͱҵʹƷˡ
ʱûһĶǷڳ棬ƺѾܲʹÿһǾȫ
ֲһе£ڵ棬Ǹǰ⡭

ӿȣͷޣſצݺݵײѾΪĶ֮ϡ
̣
޴ڶϣʱǱŷһ죬Űȥʱ򣬷ԵĿ˿ƲĶﾹȻܣһ˲ۿɼмʱпϲǼӿ˳ƵʣСƺҲʶʲôҲǴڴڵ³ǳ֮ǼӴ

꣡
ڣһʯǽһĶʱѿһϸ΢Ѻۣʮεĳ鿪һƬƬޣټ
ˣ
Ŷﱻͬʱһ쳹ţһ˵һ̣ԭʹӣʱȴһƬͣƺһ˲䣬궼ܵһһգۼ䣬˿ȥһȴЩͬˡ
ˣ
״̬̹ĺһǳǳĻȡ
ڰ֮ڣ˾֮ˣҲҪһ飬ͨңͨ˶
ǱĸΪصĶֻϲܿͳȥڡ
ʵһ̶ϵĿʼѣ
ٴóһöԪ£һֵĥˣʹУƵľ磬һţһ


846 һ
תۼ䣬һʱ͹ȥˡ
ԭʼ֮ڣһһƺܵĳַ˵ĥһֻɵľëȻ񷢲
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭΪģΧ޽ޣҲûһֻʮֵĹ죬޶һ׽͸Ƿʲô¡
ĶڣһƾɵСͷһͷëƤ԰׵Сޣ߽˯һıһƺУҲڱһ㣬˭Ҳ˭죬ΧľǱġ죬ԶɽʯҲ顣
ɽڵķƣʱҲڹؼʱڣ
Ѿȫͨˣ˳ֱͨﶽʱҲѾͨĲˣֻǼĴĶﻹ翹š
Ȼһ»ǲС
Ŷͷһ飬ֺֺĶз࣬Ψһֵҵǣ׼ԪѾܹʱˣԣֵܹͨġ
ȥˣڴСĶǱɾΨһڷǰģֻһ谭ˣ
ʱҲûżȥأǾһʱ䣡
ﵽڣѾһʱĳѾƣˣоСѾϢ˶ΣȴһҲûϢÿ춼Ǵڼ޵ʹ൱Уũҩͱˡ
ԣʱһͣụ̂˯״̬
Ȼ˯ˣǣڵũҩ䣬ȴһֱڹţһҳҳ貵ҳ淭ҩɢȫҩԣԭȵʹõЩԭڶļ⣬ƽԭüͷҲиһƽĳ˯š
һ˯˽ʱ˹չһֹǣ֣óһöԪ̷ȥ

۳һ׶һ㣬ҵײ˸źɫĶ֮ϡ
̣
촫׶ײ飬ȴûкĿֺ󲻾ãԵ׶״˹һһΣûмϡ
ʹ亹죬ȴһԣҧأһֱڼţ
ס
ڶڴźĻͻأת䣬зĺĿٴοɽڣɫдһЩ
ȷԷƵڲ磬ȷ벻ڣԣԷƵ̬ȣȴҲΪ΢
ǣһڣƵıǿС
˵ģᶨƵԣνŵУҲҲٸ
㲻
һԵС̧ͷʱͰһ£૵˵ţƺҲܲһ㣬õСۣǱĵĿ
ĿУǾһͷţһݲĿĲ̬Ҳֽƫִ̬һ·ϵ࣬ߵ˽ĵز
ûӵκε̵£ٶȣѾֱ׷Щľˣ
ˣֻ㲻ô
ǰһҲ飡
ٺ١
ƺҲ뵽˷ƵƺٺһЦ΢¶һĨڨڨ֮⡣
ɱǣǴ½ģܶɽӵʱԴ½ȴûУǰԪ
˶֪ûԪ£磬ԻһΣյḶ́
ˣ̵еʹ࣬ÿһ˶Ƿǳףܹһͨ˫
Ʋһµʱ䣬ǽͨܵʹ࣬ǾͿ֪ˣ
·棬ʵûн·ߣ߽·ҪģǾǳ˵ʮϰٱ
ʹ࣬һͨܣҲʱԼ֣־ᶨģҲּܹʱһ죬ǣû취һ֮ãЩ츳ΪҲ
һѰɡ
ƹⲻȥһԵСĿڷϣƺķƵĶ˿ѾǿܹסˣһĨâһָ֣һһĨƽû˷ڣȻ뵽ǵڳ˿ڶ׶֮ڡ
̣
꣡
׶ҵײȥ֮ȴǷˣըװУȴһΪϸ΢죬һʱӶˡ
ԭ˿Ʋ˸ڹĶʱȴȥҪǣ棬ƾȻ˼ϸ΢ѷ죡


847 һ
ǰõķֱЩ֪룬֪Ǻûǻ
Ҫ֪ǵ찡
ǳһ˿ڵʱҲ˽ʱ䣬ǣⶽ˿ڣȴѣ
Ҫǣһֱڹ۲״̬ÿһ˿ϸСı仯ܹ׽
ԤƷΧӦҪ죬ʮңܳ忪ŶңڣҲһֱǰԤڽţԣһͻ䣬õһӷӦ
ףΪǼ𣬸ûжҡۼĶΪλͻȻ֮ѿˡ
һһ˼Ҳԭ򣬿ĳײ£ѿĺۼ̾һǾȳ忪˵
Ǹǻǻ㲻ѾˣǾûҪȥ
ٺ٣
ķǹŹֵɫվڶڵĻƺٺһЦɵȥŶȣǵҡţƺղֻһ΢һ㡣
̣
һ쵱Уһӿ±ޡ
ˣ
һԶأƺǴԶʱڵǣķ˰ڣһoһ㣬ׯ࣬ϵϯܡ
ʱ˶һƬ̵Ө⵱Уһһ㣬˿˿ۣһԶ
ڣһﱻ忪֮ζʱǳֳһƬˮ齻֮ɫǳ֮˳Ϳֱתȫÿһ䣬ͨ
ʵģʱѾﵽ˶۷徳磬ֻҪһͻִԣѾ׼ܾˣ
ǿһϣǾһϴˡ
ֱͨϣÿһ͵ڸ忪һȴţȫأؼ´سʥӵؼļʥܣΪ˵ʥͰĴڣ
ƣڷǱּͿ˹ⷽļأ֪ͻ۷֮ʱһĴʱǴʱôԺͻҪ˷ѺܳһʱܹһڵˣֺܶΪʧһͣ۷壬Ҳ޷һߵľ磡
ϸĿּ֮ȻͲˡ
ڲϴǿסȥĸоһķǳ֮֮ϡ

ȫͬļζ֮ݲٵתţĶųһ죡
һһ飬ûκεͣЪ
ζ֮תÿһ䶼ڽϴӣԼ䣬תƺ𽥵۳һ壬ΪһһһģнУͬʱһɴδйڷļ䡣
ֺнƱ֪Ѿ۳Ϊһס
νһ
һҪһΪһ
ʱȫ㶼ǹ᳹һ壬۳һߣÿһεĶܹתһΣ
Ҳֻܹһһ֮ͻƲﵽ򣬳Ϊ׼ܾĴڡ
ǾԿɣ
֪ʱѾˣʱȫȫУһЯйɵĽģֱȥ
ŶҪһô
磬ڵϵĻھâתƺǿ˷ڵĶ̬ʱüͷ΢΢һԣּ֮ССͻӦû⡭
ٺ٣ǾٰһѰɡ
˵䣬ٴָһһĨѰûڣң׽˷һĹɣ뵽һ֮ڣϣ
꣡
һʱ䣬ڵһͬԱӵоâһ㣬֮һ·񣬰һ̶Хһǰ谭˳ҡϣֱ
¡
һը죬ͷԷΣ˶ݵãȻУãǻָ˹
ɹˣ
Ѿ򿪵Ĵţӿһɿϲ
Ϊּϣصǣζ֮ͨʱһĺʱ˵һֱӳ忪򣬴ﵽ׼ܵľ硣
ҲǱһԵûбгɹϣǴʱȴôĪľȻɹˣ
ڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣƲǳ忪˶ϰﵽͨ۳һͨͨͨ˵ԺֻҪһͿֱƾͨһ֮ͨѨΪĴܡ


848 ϣ
һ̨ԣôԪǵζڵĸִСߣûǣе磬Ҳûκεô򣬺ʵģ壬˵һеûһжȻ
Ȼ߽Բȱ٣ֻҪȥһ̨ԾٸߣҲûκεô
ͬϣ͵װ߽ӿڣͨⲿøΪ㷺硣
һ֮󣬷ƱܹڵһС
棬ɣ󣬿߼ʣƬʵУһɢ͹һһԲ̳ǰ
Բһһ㣬һͨϿףʱЩϿȴǱĪڸǣֶ״̬
ѵǾϵġˡ
úܿϳԲ̵
Բ̣˵ˣҲCPUҪʣҪڴͨöˡϵϿףܸļ֮سʥ
ȻôʱҲ뽫öˡϵϿȫͨǣһǿȣԿϡ
ϣǸ󹤳̣һ֮µĳпܿλ
ڳϰٴ֮󣬷ڻ̾ˡ
ȴҲһֱֳһһһһֱͣϵĳšˡֻпôһ˿
ף˵ˡֻ֮߸λô
ڷϸĹ۲һڵöˡ֮Ŀ¶ã૳Լʡ
֪ʿϣΪ߸󾳽磬ǲĶɣԣڡˡ֮ϣҲֻ߸Ͽף
ǣڷǰöˡ֮ϣȴƺ߸Ͽˡ
ô
ٴһ飬ƸãȻˣĴ㵡
ڵöˡȴЩڲͬڷϰٱ֮ȷԼġˡ϶Ͽף
Ҳ˵ġˡϣžŸϿף
⡭
ǰɢ͹âġˡƾþ˵
ֻװ׵дţˡϣֻнˡϿȫܸͨؼ֮Ӵɷʥ
ǣԼġˡϣȴǶϿףǲ˵ԼʾҪϣѰҪ磿
磬ûʲôҪǣڲ֮ͬ£õķǡ
һ;У˿أߴһǾͽԨʬ޴棡
ԣ۾֮󣬲û¶˿ϲɫԵЩ磬ء
ϲʦϲʦһʹͨ˫һСͽҲ𾳽磬ԺҪʦŵа
ķվڵĻƱƨЦӭϾһֺõЦݡ
ô֪Ѿ۳һģ
һ㶣ЩŹֵĿ
һڿ˵Լ𾳽磬ǣƾ𾳽ΪôܹƵԼΪ

һ㶣ŷɵɫǲźۼĳ˳顣
̫ˣ
ٺ٣ʦǹ˶°Ȼ͸ʦʵΪҲܿһЩ
һתЦ˵
ô
ò÷ƲƲ졣
ĽͣȷǺǣɱˣһǾСܹƷˣֻ𾳽磬ţ
һӲĺܣץСӣֻٴա
ƣһ顣
˿ƴЩصĿǶʵ
һƶ췢ģҶʦûжģҲûıƺĴ㡣
һֱӾ;˫ַˣίģƺܵ˶ԩһ
ҪʵĲ
ƵһۣǺΪء
֪ΪΣȴǺΪһƺһ治ẦԼһ
ٺ٣ʦʣͽΪȻУǣȴҲ֪֪䷢ĴС飬֪ųɡ֪޲ԡ
ƲЦ˵
ġˡǲϣ
ֱʵ
ţ
һ㶣˵ʲôȴһأû˿Цģǵ˵ͷǵȻˡΪϣǡˡ϶һϣһϣٺ٣Ǿͺˡ
ͻô
ôһ˵һüͷ壬ɫѿ
⡭
ʣϵЦʱһգڷƵĻڣ˲ͬѰζ


849 
ġˡϣֻȫؼġ⡯Ȼ治УʱҲⷢЩ˵ġˡ֮ϣֻϣҲй顭
컻һɫ˵ţһߣעŷɫı仯
ϣ
΢΢һ΢䣬ʲô¶пܷЩʵֻϣǻô
ֻϣǾǡˡȱݣȫҲء⡯޷ʥҲ˵һҪֹڴˣ
ôʱЩ飬ư˿ϵɫҲִ࣬ЩȻ˵Ҳйˡӵа֮ˣˣ츳ˡһϣٺ١ɻʣ
ʣ
òɻĿ
һϣ֪˳֮Ϊʲôô
ƺٺһЦʵ
˵
ӵΪƺǲޣûĺһ䡣
һϣϡΪ֮ϣǰȫͨƾ衮ϡܸĸص⡯ʥ·Ͻһ˳٣ǳܹ⣬Գ޷ĸ߶ȡ
ҲǴЩĿǻ˵š
ϣ
ôһ˵пϲ
һϣͽ٣ôԼϣƾϣȲǻô
ţϱ¶һĨϲ⣬ȴžȫ֮顣
ǣϣɲô״ͨģҪǣڿ⡮ϡ֮ʱΪʼɣή췣ӵСϡ֮˽лԵĳͷ
˵䣬ƵɫҲھ˸ڼ䣬ƺһĨ£˵ӵСϡ֮ˣʮһڿ֮ʱΪ췣ɱǣܹ췣ˣ󶼻ӵзǷĳɾͣԶ֮ϣ۷壬Ũһʣ
췣
ɫһףɵһ̧ͷ졣
½һֱһ˵
Ϲ֮ʱǿǿвϲԵͳΣԣϲԱͽĩպƽ١֮ͳΪ˴˵ڡ
кܶ˵ȥһ磬Ҳ˵ѾϲԶɱǣ˭Ҳȷ˭Ҳ֪ʵ࣬Ҳֻվںɽ۷崦ļ𳬷֪ʵࡣ
Ҳ˵ˣϲԼΪ£ܹɱһУ֮壬ʣͽ췣׼С
ٺ٣
ڷƷ֮ʣȴǺЦʵ˵˵ʦǲ˵
ѵǣ
һ㶣ȻĿ
ѵʦʲôϲԣ
ƵǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬ŷƣһĨɲľâʵ
ϲԽĩպƽ٣ɱԲŽͳεʱżȷ˰
૵˵ţҲǴżֲȷš
ϾϲԵ˵ˣڹżжϲԵǾһ޵еϲܵġ
ٺ٣
ƵЦгϷ֮⣬һ죬˵ʦ㲻ãдż˹ǿôΪܹϲԽµĩպƽٶһ¹żѵ˵дż֮ˣϹҪǿô
⡭
һ仰ʵķƿԣ޴ӱۡ
ǰдż֮ˣô֪ЩģѵϲԼдģΪ˾ˣ
ԾͲܣ
Ǿô£
ƲЩڴĿ
УܹǲĴڣǵʧȷ˲⡣
ʦϣкܶ鶼û취͵ġ
ҡҡͷ޼ʵͫױļ䣬һڿµڶһ㣬ָֻЦ̬ЩΪ˸Щû취͵һͣԣ޵еϲԴڣٺ٣
ԭˡ
һͣвһɡ
Ͼڹż֮ϲԣʵ̫ˣܵģԣֻ·һ
ԣһϲΪ鹹ģƲǽŵĸ
⿪ϡ֮ʱµ췣νͣ
˼֮󣬷üͷʵ
ͻƸղֱӾͱˡӵа֮ˣȫ췣֮£ԣ֪췣ʲô
Ҳ֪
һתʼ磬һ̯֡
֪
һ㶣ĿɿڴĿ㲻˵ؼ֪Ųô
ٺ٣պþǾŲ֮⡣
ƺٺһЦ˵ţõķƺ
ܻɣһ϶֪ȴֲϸԼ


850 ۲
˵ʦ⡮ϡ췣޹ذɣΪôģ
ƵĿһֱԼһĨ֮⣬ʵ
⡭
һĨɵɫɨһۻһҲĸȤԼС̾һǴһĨЦ˵ڵġˡϣϡ
һϿףΪϡ췣ɱ֮ļѾ΢΢
ǣԼȴϿף
ȻףϿĺôǰδеģǣһϿףѾ˼ˣôأ
һƬʱûκϲá
ԸԼϣҲ֮ʥ˵;ϽȻ㣬ǣƾʣܹ̤۷壡
ǣʱȴӵ˾ϣҲֹܻʾ磬Ҳ˶
ٺ٣Ҿ֪
¶Ȼ˵ɫǣúЦǽֱһĨãȻǺȷʵʦ˵ġˡа˸Ͽװɣ
ǣСĿⶼڷϡ
ǡ
ǵע£ÿЦҡҡͷҵġˡϣžŸϿס
ʲôŸ
ԣ͵ĵһһƬ㵵ɫһڵϵСˣ߽Ŀ࣬ŷƣþ˵
ôܣôеھأ
ãƲǷӦھȻ˸Żҵɫ
ǲɿӵģǣʱķһ棬ҲΪƻ˵ѣοҲûбҪ˵ѡ
ϣ֮⣬ķΧ֮ڣ
ڰϣϡ֮ʱᷢʲô飬֪
ϣ֪ᷢʲô飡
СһۣǷ˶Էڵľ𺳡
ѵҲû˵ô
ʧ̬ķӦһɫǲÿˡ
ȷû˵£ǾŲ⡭
ƿЦŵ˵ͷ˵
ȷģҲûо֮˵
ô
ɫ԰ףüͷ塣
֮ˣΪӵСϡ֮ԲŻ췣١ǣϣʲôҵȷδš
صĽţŷƣһĨӵɫ
Ҫٵ췣Ѿ޷ˣھҪٵʲô޷
췣
ƵĿһۣɽȥ
СһۣǸ˳ȥ
վɽ±ϣϮϮɣ񷣬þòһվһ졣
Ʋ˵Ҳʮֵϣģ˵ĻԵǣҲɱ֮
ҪõǾͱҪ
㣬ھôķ˵Ѿ֪εĳ¼˵ȻǰˣǣÿʱĸܣЩ񷢲ëȻ
ȻѰǣᶨԣũҩĸͦˣ
ǣ췣ʲôȥأ
Ʋûη壬ڿǣҪôܶɹεĽѡ
췣ϲ⣬ܹɱһУÿһӵа֮ˣ޲츳ǣ췣֮£Ҳһһޣܹɹģʮһ
ܲܳ췣
һһ˼ţţջ֮ϡ
ǴĹ֮ڣ͵֪ˣӵּ츳ܹ֮
Ȼ췣Ҳǿ֮ǣ֮Ҳܹ֮ͬ˵ãܹܵס췣֮
ڰϵ췣ˣֻǿھϣᷢʲôȴûܹԤϵĵ
ֻҪӵƿ䣬ҾͲţؼ仹ҵȥ·
һս¶һ񽣣â¶ָ죬ŭȵһ죬һͻƼ֮ϣ
ȣ޾սӵʵʣΧĲľɽʯԱ飬̬ԡ
֮κ֮£ڵ䣬οССľϣһУڸ۷ש߶ѣ
һУƶǿС
꣬ٴγϡ
ԭΪ˵췣Իüܻϡ˼룡
Ƶı֣׵ʶһ飡
һԵС΢΢棬â˸΢΢˶Ҳû˵ʲô
ͨЩ֮󣬷Ʊǳ񣬲ǲ鿴һµĳɾ
ڣζѾͨ۳һܣ
Сڣһԣ
תƳŲԶСһȭͷȥ
ȷڲͬ
С˶꣬૳


851 
໣
¡¡
һƬԭʼֵУХͬʱһľΧ쭷ϯضҡ񷾪ɫԶԶȥĩպƽһ㣬ġ
ãʹ죡
ײһ֮󣬷ƴЦ죬˫Я˫ɫ֮ٴγǰԶĺɫȥ
˫ûʹκεļɣÿһζȫĶײСƾǿʣӵеǳ֮ʱȴҲռϷ磡
ȻǷûж츳ԭ
ʱ츳츳ռ츳ǵõ˴󻡶ȵѾһΪ˵ĵزȫ֣ʱ۷СԲĶ֣
־ķй£ƶԼ󻡶ҲƿصӦ֣ʮֵ죬Ѿ۷Ѿʮһ
һСĶ֣ʵ̫ˣ
˫֣Ȼѷǣͼ壬ܴ֮£սҲǵõ˴󻡶ȵʱս̶ܳȣȻܱȼ֮Ҳܹʥˣ
սͻƣõķҲǺΪϲ
ǳȥ䣬Ϊעһˡ
սһһû߹ļܹ֮ϼµλıϣ
ţܹսһĳ̶ȣ
һսʱ䣬Сڻǿסˡ
Ȼǿᣬǣӵз츳ķȣҲֹһ㣬ȻȥռϷ磬ʵϵԽãı׶˱¶š
¡
һ쵱Уҷ˳ȥڵ棬޴һûһµĲţˡ
Ѿھʮ˴αҷˣٴεĲʹѵõٳǿ
һ
ѾСһС߰СҲ޿κΡ
ڵʲô̶ˣ
Ʊһ۱¶˳ʱһıϢǾϯһͷԶŻһ㣬ˣ
¡¡¡
䣬װ쳹񷢲
棬ǿ
ƸӦ֮ϲѣʱãƾȻ˺죬ȴ㹻ˣ
ৣ
ԶһаҸ߶ȵɽȭͷ޻ľڰɽ
¡
һľ쵱Уɽѿһɲѷ죬Ȼɽʯ䣬ľ׷ɣһƬǽ壬ȴѾһɽ
ѾܱϾˡ
ŷƵı֣ƿ૳һĨ̾
ǾΪǿһ֣뵱꣬ƾһ˺ѵصŴ˾
֮壬ȻǿᣬȻܹļ츳
ƺ뵽ʲôһĨ֮⡣
Ҫļ츳ɲֹ֮ǰļ򵥡

˸ۣо㡣
ʱȻ۳һܳΪ׼ܣǣʵ绹ṳܾ̂磬Ѿǿ˹ţǽ֮ǽôһ

ĺ˿ѹеļ¶΢΢һĨʺûκʵĻǴͫӿͬʱıһ˫ʮɵĳ˫˲ʱ˳΢΢ȶ䣬Χ¶ȶǼٵһۿɼ˵ҲЩŤµظѣľȼȵϢϯ˷
ˣ
һһͼӷƵؿ¶һӨ·Өת䣬ĪĴϣǱȻһֲɴݻٵĴ
ʼɣ
һ˫޴Ļ֮ϣʱǺˮһ㣬һɼ񱩵Ƿӿ˳ӿʼϣҲм֮⣬·ǾӨһƬתĸΪ٣貵⡣

΢΢ȥôһ򵥵ĶΧĿռ䶼ǱˣһۿɼʱļⶼǸ߸ߵ¡Ҳ󻡶ȵֱͣӱһ࣬ǱһͷϹһ㣬һɹǵϵӿ˳Ĳ
ôӵ
ܻڽڽķƣ¶㵵ɫſͣþ˵
΢һӦĿǷ˷Ʊ˫޴֮ϡ
ƺһͷĻӵеģ
ܿȷжϡ


852 ɱȥ
֣˻޵ľǣҲӵǿ
һķƣһĨãгɻ벻⡣
ΪΣ
ˣһԵСȴǵˣ̧߰ͷһǳƨģƺһжĹһ
һǽĻź͵˰ɣ
ƺ뵽ʲô΢΢˳飬˵
˫ڵѾ¶ͷ޵Ĳģǲµȥ̶ܵĻ˺Ҳࡣ
һ뵽һݣŪźҲǲܵ顣
Сı飬Ʊʲôˡ
źǲ
ѵõһ䣬ȴСΪƨǸ߰ģõĻƺ뽫һ
һϲĸԣһֱûиĹ
ʱʣӦֻܹҵǡǼͼĻӦòܹҵˡ
ƽĿٴǱߣ۲Ϊɨһۣжϡ

ǣǣ
ƹӣ˫һƬ죬ɫвϵķ޺һ
ΪģΧһ֮ڣһƬ𺣣˫ȶţһУɽʯˡ
ȻϿȥƺǿţʵһƬƽڸϵÿһĶһǳܵ޶ȣͻ˫ϵӡ
ٳһ㡭һ㡭
ʱѾԭ󣬷һͷ̩̹һ㣬ͬһʯһѻһСɽһ㣬ߴﵽ˽ңֱȽţޱȵ׳˶Ϣϯġ
꣡
һ죬ϣʯһļ⾹ȻѿһСڣʺѪ˳
ˣ
ϼÿһ鼡ⶼͷʱ򣬷һֹ˫ӡ
һǰδеĸܣ̺÷ԣ
һ죬ԼҲӵ
նȭͷӦڵ
ΪӦڵⲻһйֱ֮ͣ⴦ԭʼ֮ڣǧķΧһƬǽ壬ľޣɽʯڣطŲҽ
ʥյծˣ
˱ϵ˫ƵĿ⿴۶һĨɫ

ʴȵģˡ
͵ĻһΪȫɰɫʯ鹹ɵĴд˳ůһ㣬˵飬˲ɵľƽƺΪѹһ㡣
ĹϣһɢͰ׹ң湤дţʥĸ֣
ǣ
һûκΣ˹ʥ֮ǰң΢ĺһָһһĨⵯ֮ϣʱԭʯʵҾȻôȼ
ٺ٣
һƾɵڷԣĶȻ죬ȴҲû¶ŵɫڴһĨζЦ⣬ƺӵвµ۹̵Ĺʥһ
꣡
ǹĻȣָһƻ浯һʥĴʱ𣬲ɰʯɵĹʥȻȼŨ̹ʱǾ˺ܶ˵ע⡣
ǹʥ
˾ȼյĻ棬ھǲ˼ɫ
Ȼ˸ƹʥ
Ҫ֪ʥʵɲʮ۹չʥķֵ죬ǣ۶ʱǷ˶ǳŹʥҪʲô˸ƹʥȨ
Ȼˣ

ͨڣҲڶ۵Ĺʥ˴˳ǵĿ⣬ֱӱǷվſڴϣʱЩ˱ǽΧס
ʲôˣȻ񣡡
һŰ£Ϣ˳ɫϴʺǳ⣬ףģԭһƣȴɽһѹƣңһɾѹȣƺҪ˹
һȺαСˣ
ɫһս籡ϮԺħΧɽΡȻһ񽣣ɱһУɱϢϯܡ
һԵĻҲһƤЦģƺԴûκθоһõİһУɫȥ


853 Ʋ
Ǹ˲ùô
ܿģϳ˴ڰ˰ΧлƣʱǾ
һǰڵ۶ʵ¶һ˭Ҳδ뵽öĹĻƣȻܹϰ켶ͫǽȣֱۺķϡ
һµʱ䣬Ѿ֮ǰļҵȫӮ˻ܻ׬һʣõ˲òпʯʦȻǲȱƵģͬʱҲ˼ĺ츳
ףǸ˭
ֻǣǿƵʱȴ¶ɻ
ΪƵʱıòԣڴʱķƵıòȴû˼
ʱƳڷߣȻɻˡ
ˡòѩʦɣ
ƵʱȻıòȴûиı䣬űӰò˻ˡ
Ͼıò֮Ҳʲôϡ顣
ѩʦΪҪչʥң
ɻˣһЩȴǳԶȥȥʮ۹ʹȥˡ
ѩʦôɾǴһ

֪ʲôĺ
Զüͷ΢΢ǿѹеŭ⾼âҫۣףġ
Ŷ
΢΢һаȵĻȣϷʵĵǲ˵Ǻڰͽ˵Ķħ
һ˵ٿĵˮɫԶжǸһĨĿ⡣
ʥžȼ˵ĿںţҲȷͨһЩ΢Сĺôǣʵ˽֪һ︹ڵĺܣֻҪǵͻϺڰͽñӣȻĽɱºҪԼΰ벩ʵĺĽ
ԣʥ˳Կǵ鶼ǺΪˬҪڴЦףһ
ʴȵģҸһλᣬȥǰڡ
ⶶɢİâЯʴһһ˶߻죬ЩãȻ
ᣬҾͲҪˣԼðɣ
תսʵһսڳâ¶һУ˿ûܵӰ죬ǣȴԽԽʥĸ
̫αˣ
ô˵ִҪͶħĻˣ
һȻƽвζȴǼΪԣĲ
ʥȻû֪ʵǳʮ۹κһƾ˻߼壬û취֮Կģ
ǣЩ
ǵ۹֮䲻֣޷ԣǲ޼ɵ
ħٺ١
ڷĻһĨâкЦ
ǹʥУԵģͶħеĺڰͽô
вƲΪһĻȡ
ã
仰ֱ˵ĿȥˣվԶЩѿڽкãõɫˡ
ɶͽȥǰڰɣ
һĨȵǣڰͽ

ʱΧʮ˱ǰγ˳ɫ䣬ŷƱƽɱȫĺ
ۣҪɱ˰Ҫڵ۶ɱ˰
ǱƽƱŵ۴ģҪжţһСõԶ겻ѡ
ȴǲףΪӵͫ꣬Ҫȥǹʥأⲻô
ۣ
ƵɨһΧЩ۽İˣһĨ壬һұ۱Ѹٵһֻ˳Ƭֱ¶˵ǰҫ£˸ĺ⡣
٣
ƳͬҲЩ㵵İһЦαǶ˷ֱӳУȭͷңʱӰ裬ҽвϣһ˱׷ɶѪ䣬׵Զ鴤
Щ඼ֻ۷壬һҵİˣǷƵĶ֣ȭͷ£޵У̣⼸ʮ˱ȫ׷˳ȥȫһʹԶõİߵɫ׵ĺڳ
ĺڰͽȻҷ
û֮ǰĴݣ͵ЦҲɨһЩˣİâһ֣ǳŷƸ
ߣ
һĨ壬һţΰ۱ǳֻããĴӭȥ
¡
һȻ쳹ХϯܣһӰڱ׷˳Զʮ󲽲ͣ
ͣ
ſڣƱ³һѪɫҲЩס
ǰѾǳԽ˴ܵĴˣ


854 Ƥ
ǰһĻֹԶľ߸ľѣ
Ҫ֪һЯһʥˣ˲
ǲ˿Ѫķƣһٴһǵǻ۶ɣ
ǰ꣬۷ѣǣȴܹסԼЯʥĹɼѾǿᵽһ˼ĵز
֮ˣǳɳԻǼΪµ
ˣȷǲҵģҪ֮ɱԾˣ
ã
ǿֲõķľҪƿնȥǣϸ죬ȴվԭأĿŰߡ
ס֣
ڰߴ֮ʣԶȣӰʮӱվΪտĹʥſڣǵĿڷɨ֮󣬶ĳȷ
ʮ۹ʹߣ
˵Ϊѩʦ꣬ڹȻƹʥǱ㶼Ǽٸˡ
ܹļֵʮ۹޷ԣǳˣ
̣ҪΥԼô
һĿڰеĹϣʵ
ʥ˲ʥ֮³֣Ȼ֣ҲöʥܣĹԼͬĹ˼ֳҲϸأ
ϾÿһһΪ˷ֹһľӢɱԣԼ
ΪʥˣȻһ۷궯ʥܣѵǹʥѾǿڹԼ֮ô
һ̬Ҳǰһǳš
ڹʥʮ۹ûʲôøУıʣ˶ǿ͸ˣ
һµСˣʮαӣ
ҿǹʥӦøˣֶΣٺ٣ܳƹô
ץᣬʮʹ߶䳰ȷţõİɫļΪѿҲЩ
ǴʱȷԼ
λˣҲûҪλСѳֵ˼
һĨɢȥеĹţ´͵Ц⣬Ƶıš
ΥԼɲǺ飬пܣĹ˼ңҲ֣ʥܹˣ
ǣ
⻰һʱԶһƬ˶ǱĵĿЩܹʥͨˣҲ¶Ŀ⣡
꣡
ƸĿɿڴãвðһ
ⲻ˵Ϲô
Ƥȣܼ
ȻʮλʹҲȥǣߵȷǻûг֣ǿǰ߶ʥܣǰͲˡ
ʱʮʹ߷˷Ϊ֮Ҳе𾪡
ⲻµʱڣѾξһ㣬ֱӷٵ۷壬ңɶһµĲ֮Ƕ𺳵Ըɨ䣬ǿ˶ԷڵľȻ
δҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ǰڵԪԵģʥ壬Ҳ̶̵ʱ忪ɣ
ңԪʱľʹҲᣬǼΪᶨˣҲܹһµĳɣ
һһĲܾȻȫǵǰõЩ޷ܡ
겻򵥣
Щ߰İˣʮʹһǽĿ˷Ƶ֮ϡ
ֱֻϣǸܵһǿĿµ
һ壡
ĵıϢжͷ
䣬ֻһܹӵܱȼ֮Ĵ츳
ʱףΪҪԷɱˣ
츳֮ˣպԻΪĴڣǸʱ򣬹ʥеˣ
ˣǼᶨҪסǰľģ
ܸʥ鷳Ǻģ
ѩʦ
һʹ߻عŷĻһ
лλʹߣ
˿԰׵ϴһĨǿЦ⣬ʮ˹˹֡
ˣ֤ʵ˷Ƶݡ
ʮʹĵ꣬ߵɫٴȥ˸
ѩʦֱۣЩ찡
ԶȺ֮˿ŷƵüͷ
ϴλ֮ңڶ۹ֵĺף۶ҲȥۿˣĽ֣õ겻ѡ
ԭƺҲΪʥȥǻ˺Բġ
ʱܶ˸̫ԶҲܹȷǰӵͫѩʦǴ¼гֵһ꣬ҪĻǣ˭֪һ걻ؿڣѾˡ
ѩʦ߰ɡ
һ֮һʹ΢ЦŶԷ˵š
֪Уǿ࣬ΪǰѾֻһˣǿܻɳΪԽԼǿߣ


855 һ
лʹߴ˵ĺ⡣
ƵһЦȴҡҡͷ˴㵵Ŀ£ֻһˣǰߣǰʮվɫ
㻹ǵͷ˺ô
Ī£ƵĿˡ
ʱӵл̲صټĴ츳ѾӵԱһѾηˣ
Ҫʥƣ
ңˮ£飬Ȼѹļ䣬޷ͻȻϿȥΪʵȴһֱĥ
һеٸߣѾӵǿʵڲȥˣ
˺
һڣĿٴηڷֻʱһӿһɼһɫ
УǸһ꣬ҲǺΪ֣ӵһֻһֱۡ
ǣ˵УѾǱɣؿڱ켶۷ҩʦҲ֮ܽȻˣ
ͬʱ˶۹Ŵ۹ʹҲһ㶣ЩȻ
ȴ֪ǰ꣬ƺʥг𰡣
ѵǸһꣿ
һЩȥֳ˶ǻ
òˣҡ
Ű˸Ŀ⣬ƵһĻȣʧˣû
ȻôһԼڣûҪȥˣȻʱ߱ʥʵǣҲҪùʥ޴棡
ⲻܣ
ôһ˵ѿںһƬ㵣ԶȻ
ȻܶûȥǶ۹˶֪Ǵλ¼
ʱٴƺǰѩʦǰǡþξһ㣡
˻
˶ǵһھһƬ˼ɫ
ԭѾˣȴվǰĳ淢ƣ
ʱĪķ
ȻǰѪľٶõĵķ֮⡣
ֻǣʮ۹ʹߣüͷȴ
ȻϲʥǣȴҲ޷ĴڣΪʥսҲܹģ
ʱǱЩأ֪ξ
ᣬʮ۹֮ѹʥ
ңƣʥƲһ
վڹʥſڣ꣬ɷڣսֱӶ԰߽а壬ԣҪˣ
Ƕħ˼ʹͽˡ
ɫܿлЩ䡣
ʥ꣬ǽаˣѾȫ串𣬶ڣȴһа壬֪
ǣ
ǹһĨĻȣмȥʲô
ǶħȫҶǶħҿʥһħߣ
ֻǣվڷĻȴǲˣðͷŰ߽Ҳ֪黹ʲôһĨɱƺҪֱӴɱ¹ݵСͷ
ʮλʹߣҲǵ˼ô
˿ѹŭʮλ۹ʹ߳ʵ
һ۹ʥܲ壬ǣʮ۹ʥ֣
㣬зǳ
ǣʮ۹ҲŲǳìܣǾԲܻϵģҪԵĴп֣
Ҹ˵飬κ˻޹أ
ʮʹΪ֮ʣȴٴοˣ䣬쳹ȫٴξڶ㵵Ŀ⡣
˶ΪҪʮ۹֮ƣԹʥʩѹǣʱȴϣ޷ľ
ѵΪһܹ֮Կ˹ô
ͬʱʮʹжһɣȴһĨӡ
ǲףΪҪ˵ĳ嶯ѵͲ֪ô
˻һʥԲܻĴڣ϶Ὣ֮ɱҡУ
ܺãȻǶħʹͽ
һ˵ڶȻһҫ۵İâǵΪˣν£
˵䣬ϵƻ𣬰â籡͵Уȴǳɱ
Σûжʥܣ
ˣǺĽ£
ٺ٣
Ʋû¶η֮⣬һЦӿûκʵĻ档

Ŵ̶ƿ쳹һ˫ʮɵĻ˳ܵĻȼգޱȵ¶ȣƵĽ˲סĺš
꣡
ʮʹ֣ʩչһ͵ϳʥķΧȫڣȵ¶ȣҲڡ


856 
¡¡
һը쵱Уӻԭֻʵļ⣬ʯһѻϣͬʱϵƣҲڵ󣬾Ȼǰ߳ƽ
ৣৣ
ƿһӰһӰӷ˳ֱվߡ
ϣ
ʱȴûжȥעӰȫ˷Ƶϣһ̩̹˰ӰϾ𣬾ʮ۹ʹߣڶ¶Ȳ˼ɫ
޷Ϊ۷꣬ͻأӵǿңܵĳ̶ȣƺҲʥܼ
壬γģ
ϸһ˾ͻ֣ᷢڷƵһͼܲһӨ·ǲɣһֲɴݻٵĴ
ʲôؼ
Щľףܹ֮ǿȵӦþΪͼԭ
ͬʱ׷ݣӵؼ꣬ںδ
ⲻò˿ǣ
ںɽڣ֪жٿµǱ濴޺ǣǱǵǾͻԼצ˺ķ顣
ٺ٣
ͬɵ۵İߣΪһĨаȵЦ˵ĳϣͻأʧȥټ
ৣ
һ΢ƿһڰûκεԥۣĺȥ
ã
Ϣ꾡ðתʱ򣬱ǼһƬȭͷѾٽؿˣ֮£һ֣ץһŰ׹ӭȥ
¡
һը쵱У貵ĹâŰһӰڵ˳УѪ䣬ʺѪҺ졣
ֵģȻǰߣ
Զˣʮ۹ʹߣ޲ĿɿڴĿĿһĻӵһأҲûܹع
ৣ
ȻʧѵõʹˮĻᣬһٴ̤УٴγڰߵۣȭХֱڰߵı޴Ȼİٴ׷˳ȥڵһ棬ĸͷҲĵ˼ҲΪ̫׽ȥѪǱޱȡ
ģ
ϻľʹмŭâӵ˼£ΧĿռ䶼ǱһۿɼĿɲŭ𣬻ƺˣȻûжʥܣҲǼΪ£
ʥӡ
Ѫվȭͷ˫ֽһصӡ죬һͼ۶ɣЯĲƣŷȥ
ȭ
ƻսڣη壬װؾӿȭͷݺݵͼ֮ϣͼ飬ʱ貵Ĺâ

һԶžˣĵϢŭĿԲɣŰ
¡
ײһľ쵱Уٴα׷˳ȥϾǰŭɫ
һʥˣȻһˣ
ȻŭǸȴ𾪡
ȻܶʥܣҲ۷Ĵڣ˵۷ҲԲĶ֣
ǣǸϣܵһɼ䱩壬˶ɵϢɾӰ쵽ǱһͷϹ޶һ㣬η壬޷ӳȫ
ǻźϢ
źİߺܿ͸Ӧ˳ʱиȻ뵽ѵ˽źˣ
˻츳͵һ֪Ϊ꣬ڻˣ
Ȼ˻źĻᣡ
˺һֱ˱״̬ÿƣڸӦ˻Ϣ֮󣬾ͻ٣ֻܹӳ߳ɵ
ЩԼźˣ޼ԲŻ¶ԼϢ
һУȴǺ֪顣
ڵʣܹƿҵܶѣܴﵽ۷壬лźڵĲҲܹôɵѹưߡ
ôܡ
ųڵ״Զ˶Ǳ𺳵˵ѪһֱѹŴİߣͬ˳һķš
ʲôˣڳ˶һ
ʥ̣ѾɷʥĴڣڣȴһͷϣܹܵˣ
һ˵ʥˣǲʥܣǣǶ͸⣬ܹӳٷ֮ٵԲʾܹģ
ֻʮ۹ʹ߲ǴпһЩߣ


857 
Եģÿ˽Ӵʱ򣬰߾ͻĪƴԲŻᵼÿһζǳڰ״̬
Ͼʲô
ʮ۹ʹâҪһУȴֻһƬ޾Ļ𺣣ܵĻ棬ֹǵĿӡ
겻򵥣
ĺ˿âɨһۣȻĬĬĿųڵı仯
ϸ˵ûжı仯ÿһζײ߼ӲѪĶˣһѾ׵ĸֽһʥΪ֮ڣҲľ飬һשʯɢһƬǽ塣
ʥӳûԹٿΣȴһУˣʥ˶û뵽ģ
ۣڶʥܡۣ붯ˡ
⣬۴Уŵָİߣˣֱİð̣
û취ΪһʥˣһѹŴ֪رÿѪ֮ʱɱӿֻǡÿ붯͵ʥܵʱȴʶƣֱƵѪ
û֪𾳽ļһ﾿ôֵģڿ˫Ƶ֮󣬶ЩȻ
һ޵ܹ֮ͫ׽һЩҲпܵ飡
˴ʱƵݣ˶ܹȷˡ
ԾǴλ¼УֵǸһ꣡
һжǺˣ
ǣʱȴûΪһˡ
Ϊ¶ĳӵпռ츳ܹ̤֮⣬ֻƬֱۣ뵽һ壬˫޴ĻȴǼǻˡ
һУôģ
Ȼͬʱӵּ츳
û˻ܱ򶨣ߣʮ۹ʹ߽һ
֮ǿܹΪ֮һǾΪӵ츳Ĵڣ
츳޲Ǿףӵһ־ܳɾͼ£ǣǵһ壬⽫ᷢʲô飬ûܹԤ֪
Ҳ˵´Ǳߣ壬Ҳ˵ģ

ৣ
׼ʱٴ̤Уգۼ䣬ǳڰԣƬȭͷֱӾûзӦİԭЩݵı֮ϡ
أ
꣡
һ죬ǴѵɭȻëȻ

߿зҵĽȥѪӿ׹ɭɭͷӶմһͷɢӸױΣһǿɲڵĻ֮ǰǸģ
ڷƻҪǰϼȭʱȴܵ˰ϵ춯˽Ųۿ
¡¡
һɹɺƥӰϱŷΧĿռ䶼ˣضζţƺⷽҲܲסĴһ㡣
ʥˣ
ȴΪ˻ɱƣΪԱ
Ŀģʵǿɱ
Ҳһ˻ܵʥˣ
ţ֮󣬽¼ᴫʮ۹
ϵʹбŭķ
ףԼʣǰûа취ɱԼԣһÿεĹǳкԼۡ
ǣȴ޷ֹһеķӵпռ츳̤Уûκκۼ׽ѾСĵķˣҲǱȭ
ѾǼҪֻɱ˷ƣȴ֪ôȻԼʥ޾鷳
ԣ
ʦһȭ൱ľ񰡣б
⣬ڻϲĴЦţЦгֻ֮⣬ڸǣһ૵ʥ˵ĸо϶ˬ´ҲҪԣ
һ仰ԭŭİֱתŭģΪɲɱӣϢϯȫ
һĺĺֱӾʹ˰ߵʹϣܲŭô
ǳ裬ĳ
۸ҲˣһһͲ𾳽ļһҲԼ浱Լô˭һѣ
ǣ
˫ģһЩĻȣоǿ⣬ʱȴǾûһʮֵĿɰ

Զ˵ĹŹֵĿ⣬õİâڱһ˫۾ͨ죬ûбɷԣѪĭǳһɢȥϵʥܣŻ˹ȥ
ţ
жŲһᣬȴַΪȻװĻ̿ޱȣǣ˫ȴǿһĨϷζ֮⡣
һȻ𾳽磬ǣȴԲ


858 ޵Ь
ۣɱ˰϶۸ˡ
ϮƱǴĽϾܼƺЩңƺЩ֣̿ǣŲȴһֱԭضţƺΪ¶˶һ㣬ûƿ벽
ˣ
ϣ˷⣬˼Ǵ˼룬ЩƺԸѪȵĳ棬תͷȥ
ȴ֣ΪηƲȥֹأ
ۣҪ۸ң޵
İѾٽժԼϵһֻЬֻЬֱӾͳŰȭͷϳȥ
飡
Ŀ֮£˸Űâȭͷֻ۵Ьײһ𣬽ţߵɫǷ˷츲صı仯
꣡
һѵ˱ܹĿϵľŭ˴㵣Ȼֻʹ࣬Щ鴤ţѪʻһǰſߵȭͷһƬѪ죬ֱӷ飬ɭɭĹͷȫ¶⣬ǿɲ
ž
һ䣬ٴֻЬֱӳĲ֮ϣʱʮݱǴҲ˳ȥѪԶʮ׾ͣ
꣡
ʱĴ°ѾʵһĿɿڴ۾ɵԲ͸¶ȵĴ㵣ƺǼʲô˼һһʱڣϾȻİ
ǿʲô
һʥˣȻһ𾳽ļһһֻЬĲӬһķ˳ȥ
ѪſĻ棬Զ˳˵У֮ϣǣ
һĻǲ֪ԭʥҲô磡
⡭
ƴʱҲ˴״̬þûزſڣȴ˵
ȻѾ֪һܻܲ򵥣Ҳʥ˾ĴڣǣǰǣϸûκεĲֻЬôһȣʥ˼ķֻЬǰͬǶһ㣬û˿ǼԹ۵ȭͷӿ׷ɳĺ֤һЬӵжء
ţֹǷƣʮ۹ʹߣҲһʹаġ
ҪԼϣԼܹô
ǲʡ
ɵõĽȴǣӦñǰߺòȥϾߵΪѷɫǡ
Ƕѵ
ǵĿ⣬ɵĶǼڻֺֻͷѾƿ󶴵Ь档
ǵĿⶼǳ˺ɡ
ֻЬûʲôͬѰ֮һ¶ɴߣѾʵ¶š
ѵɴô
뵽⣬ǲǳ˳顣
ⴿ
ʱһ˫˫Ӷ˸⣬ֱŻƣҪ֮ơ
ȷ˶ˣľ磬һû˿ı仯
⾿ô£
ʮʹ߶Ӽ䣬Ƿ˶Էɻ𺳡
ȴûҵĵ𰸣ΨһĽͣǾһطڸԭеʵ
һֻЬȷʥˡ
ʱʮλʹвһ
һﶨǸµĴڣ
ʱԺȴһƬãȻûлع
޷⣬׸ĸΪͻȻͳ˵ϻ
ֻЬ棬ܵһҲҪΪ֮ڣƺǾһƬأǾһ磬Ǿǡ
һ̣ͻȻľãԼôСǰoһɽֹɵʡ
ֻǣڻȴûиܵκοµһеıʣƺֻЬ桭
ѵǴ˵е
вһ
֮˵ڵ翣˵УϹʱoֵıoĴԣҲ֮Ϊ
䲢ޡΪǶѾʧʷĳӵУǴĹ˼ңȳ֮ڣӵСαĴڣǷʵȴûܹ֤ʵ㣡
ʱ򣬰ȴôһ˲仳ɣֻЬǲǵʱλoġ
ٺ٣
ſڵһİߣƿзЦһݣԵĸɭȻһֲֻһֻֻЬ۾ָŰ߽Ҳ㣬ӵģȻ۸ӣ㵱ӵİ
Ѿ֪˶ˣҶԼɱˣ⻹ȷࡣ
ȻУҲԲǰһ
۽⣬źۼĳֻɫСޡ


859 оˬ
ʱԭǷӿĳ棬ȴǹƽ˵ĿⶼǾۼһ˵ϡ
ùƣ
һöĹ˽֪ҵȫͽ˸ʯڣٶİ䣡
ǣһʱתһʦ޵ͫӴһɳˣ
ǣ˭Ҳû뵽öĹȻǿһ棡
ߣʥ̣ѾɷʥʥˣȴǱЬӸˣõԽЩת
ٺ٣
˿ȥЩ𾪵Ŀ⣬ԹֻЬϻζţЦʥ˵ĸо̹ѹʦôϲ򣬺ٺ٣ԺҪԼ
⻰жɵһ飬ͬʱһЩëȻ
һȻҪԴʥΪô
ǻǰ˶ΪһǷˣǣڴʱȴûȥǲĵ
ףʲô
ǣע⵽ڻԪ߲ԶŵССʱ˵۾ǵԲˣҲЩ

Щѵ³
;߱ռ츳һ岻һˡǧ˲һӵпռ츳ĺᣬٷְٶӵпռ츳
һ츳ûռˮûܹǵټ
˵ÿһˣʥˣޱȵڴһͷ裬ǣȴûܹǻĹʱЩĴʥҲ߱ˣֻ̾ˣ
ǣǰǰǾһͷޣ۷徳ѣһʱж׽֮⣡
޼۵ģ͸Ĺ˼ȳƱܹü㷺Դӻ
ǣܿģǱסеļ¶ΪƵĿɨΧһȦ΢΢ζЬж񺮡

ֻ̾жĽޱȡ
ҹʥң
ʱһ쳹ΧĿռ䶼һһۿɼ˶ǶѪʹڵϴͬʱʮ۹ʹߵһ˲ҲƳǲһƬƬѣޡ
ã
Ϊ̫ͷҲЩΣ˫һչǳڻƴϿա
ڣһǳģ
¡¡
䣬ԭѾΪĹʥͻأĶ´죬Χʯɷĩ
ৣ
һڰâ֮ڵӣ߳ڹʥķ֮ϣoһ㣬ƾϯȫ
ǿֳſڵѾ׵ıεİ֮ɫǳ
ȻѾ֪ǶΪһѾӦˣ˭֪龹Ȼݱģ
ǹʥʥʹ
Ǹڰ׹֮ڲεӰ֮Զ˾
ʥʥʹǹʥʮ۹֮ȨߵһˣͬʱΪҲߵģ徳Σȴֻи۹ĵҲһȴ޴Ӳ²⡣
ϾùʥʹֵĻ̫ˣ
ĳֱ֣Ӿõʮ۹ʹɫ
̣ǺһģԶ˵ѹ󣬵ǣǰʥʹʵǳǵĴڣȻҵˡ
ʥˡ
Ƶ۾ڰâ֮ڵӣһּΣյĸоϵϣ÷Ĳѡ
ʥĵ̹Ȼۺ񣡡
ǰˣ𶯣ɫǲÿ
ⲻһ۹ѣʥѾʥˣʮ۹˵ʮʥˣ
õķľ
ֵѾˣôʥɽܵֽΣ
һĴݺݵѹڷƵļ䣬ԴϢ˶ֱͦ
ףʥǲôҾ޳ͷ֮գ
ƽҧ촽̵ѪҺڿǻĿⶸȻļᶨһʵһս
ʥǿΣǵԼɵ֮һ־֮ܽ
죬гɵ۵ľģ
ɵۣܰЦ£
ף޵Ϣ
˵ĿⶼǷ˷ϣ̫ˣſ񱩵Ϣ֮ߣٿ˫Ｘʮɵʺ˫֮ɫһʥʹüͷ΢
о˫֮һϤϢڡ
ѵǻˣ
ʥʹ૳Ŀڷϲϵɨӣɻ
ǰϲֹŻĿ񱩣һı壬ƺϢ


860 Ψ
ڻ֮ˣʵʥʹлЩģϾ£Ǳȥҹʥ鷳󳬷Ҳпܲ֡
С˵Ĺ溡飬ȥҲռΪԻôΪС˳أ
ǣһɨΧûзĴʱŵĲ΢΢һ
㾿˭Ϊ񣿣
âڵĹʥʹĿˣˣһ˫һ貣ֱŷƣһɺƥӶŷƻȥ
һʥƲˣ
ƷתսսĶʵʵսһ񽣣ɱһУŭĿԲɣǰΪĹʥʹû˿η֮⣡
սҪսľģ춼սξʥ˵ѹ
ֻҪĲһУսͲɿݣ㵱սĹսʥӰɸս

ȻʥʹԶȺɵһ˫˫ڶǳ𺳡
̫ˣ
ʥǺε۹ѹһˣƾʲôʥԣ
ٺ٣
⻰ɲ⣬һֻѾվһֻЬзëȻĺЦݵʮֵĲײ࣬ǣȴûٸС
λСֵܣ룬ǲǶҹʥʲôˡ
˵֮⣬ʥʹȻû˶ŭΪƵȰ˵ţ˴㵲ѡ
ѵʥҲ¶
ʮ۹ʹҲһ㶣ЩȻһ﾿ڸʲô
ʵǻһˣʥʹһƾĹȥˣǰȴǲͬп֮ˣԲ˼ɡ
ǣ
΢΢һܿ죬ǱǹһĨĻȣЩϷʵĿ
˽˶Ӧúƽ
ʥʹȱʼĳƪۣ΢΢üͷƺΪĲƽʹᡣ
ˣ
ЩʴĲɫһ㶣кĺסս籡һսһ㴣޴ΣĲſףңƣκ˺ƽǣΨǹʥ⣡
ƴ󣬴ȫʱ;ֻϵڻصǼ򵥵һ仰ȴޱȵġ
Ҫʥս
ʱû˻Ϊɲǿߣӵռ츳ܹվ۷ϣǣԲڣ
ʥǿӹɣʱܹʥ֮޵ǣܲͻʥô
ͻƣĴڣǸʥѣͻƣԻܵʥԵĴ
ˣʥԲɳȥǾԵģ
ʱʥʹɫҲǳĿǲΡΡҪվİϣЩ
ߴʱǱմ˻ҳȭͷѪ죬ͷɭɭӸǲӣݣӸףǻڣҲûʣ¶ˣѹеĳ봴ˣҡΣʥʹߣϸϸ˽
ʲô
ڵ֪Ƶ֮󣬹ʥʹ֪֮䣬ѾԲܺͽˣ
ԭ塭
ʥʹһĨâеĵҲȥ
źûκ֤͵ԳģʱԭΪѾɱһ꣬Ǹ壬Ҫǣû
ôһоʥ޹ˣ˵ǰΪ˵õ츳Բ͵ź
Խ룬оԽһҪȥ

ֻϵͱ˾㵣ĿֱӾתվڵһֻѾӵĻϡ
ٺ٣
ĿɨƳһЦ׵ݸеЬһûһµĻζţЩϬĿ⣬ǾڿԼһĿŹʥʹƺҪ֡
Ƕǵ
Ŀ⣬ʥʹüͷ壬ֻĸ׵Ьüͷˡ֡
˲һԿ϶ҲţûܹĹ۾ôһУƺǳ˫Ь֮ˡ
ȥ£
ʥʹһԵһ̽һ䡣

ǰ̹ӦһһǳŻһֱ֣ץĲ
ٺ٣
˿壬һЦиߺ޵
˵ţеЬǳƳȥ


861 
飡
꣡
ž
ЯŹ쳹ǰǰû˿Ĳ죬ƼѣʮźɺѪҲĻ˹ʥʹ£ãҲû
ӡϵ˲ɵһʹѣǱɻȥỊ̇һëȻ
һ̫ˣһΣ֤ʵʵ
ٺ٣
ŹʥʹĿɿڴģһЦһֲһЬ߽еʥˣˬԺרʥˣ
˵䣬Ŀǲڹʥʹ̵ɨţ΢΢ζЬõһɵľͺһرǰǸߣ̱ڵأĿ¶̿֡
ȻǻһЬӴȫˣµļһˣƵĿһУ΢΢˶û˵亮
ѵǵ
ʥʹع֮ϸĻһղŵľ֣ϵĲһֱûгһΨг֮ʱֻЬ֮ϣȴͻأıһΪ֮Ĳ
ԣǻˣⶫпĻǴ˵еġ
Ͼ˵oġû˼Ҳû֪ʲôģֻŶѣϾˣѾˡ֮£
˵ЬoģԣĴڣ
ʱʥʹĿȵĿŻеЬƺڿһϡ䱦һ
ڰͽȻġٻȻ񽫶㽵񷣣ó
һ£âڱһϹoףȫĿɿڴĿƶɵˡ
һҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣ
˿ɶǿˣǴӻƽЬӣҲ֪˶ˣõģǶ·ߣҲûȥ񣬵ǣ߸ϵĹʥʹȻ˵ʥ͵Եġ
ѵ
˲ˣʮ۹ʹҲһٴ⣬ڻеЬɨɨȥ
һʱڣΪʥʹһ仰еЬֱӾͳΪȫĽ㣬󲿷˶ȵĿţСЩԾԾԣƺҪһˣˣȴǱŻɵ̬ȣ
ջʵ̫ˣ˲һУʥʹõӣѾҪˣ
꣬ȻҪҵ
ЦȴװޱȵľȣŷƴСʦǼһҪͽܵ޵ˣ
ֹ̿ʹЦˣˣ˳Ҳ¶Ц֮⡣
ǲֻзһˡ
ǾЬһֻ
㣬ƾԿԿ϶ģ
һ̫ľˣģܶùС򣬾ƾ㣬Ѿ֤ʵһĲ
Ҫ֪Сܹ׵߽صĹȹﶼɼͬҲһͷˣ
ңҪǣ˫ЬǷƸģʱ֮ʱһûЬģ
Ҳ֪һ﾿ôģǼµʱ䣬һ˫Ь͸ģʵֵĽ
ٿϵҲǼʱ䣬õˡ
ԭû֪ȻԼ֪
˭ȥ͵ˣ鵽ˣȻͿˡ
΢΢𣬵Ķ˵ţʱõһԶЩԭҲͬˮ£а
ǰһ֣ʥ˶ܳɣԼȥòô
ʦ˵Ǽ
һ̵ܽģҪʵжʵֻһЦЬµ˭ҳ˭ٺ٣ʥˣʥ˳ˬ
˻һж񺮣ип֣ȻǴ˵oЬӣһ𾳽ӵֱӾʥ˵ĴڣôǸԼӵأ
мʵķȴֲȥʥ˱ɣֵǣԴᱻ鱬ɣ
̲飡
ʥʹɫһ䣬ɷдһʥӺڣ
꣡
ʱʥķ֮ڱ쳹һƿ֮һŰ֮˹ʥӵð˳ȫվڹʥʹ
Ƿһ£Įûκ¶ɱϢϯȫĲ
ˣǣȴȫʾϵģǰʮӵģѾǴﵽ۷ľ硣

ʥʹ⣬Żһָʱٰʥǻȳһ㳯˹ȥ


862 һЬ
飡
һڳ쳹ϣÿһ쵱УǰһʺʻʢһӰڳϻһƯߣȻشһ⣬ȫǻ˹ȥ
ۣöడۣ꣡ģһЬӡ
վŵţвס£һ˷ܣӶеЬͬĲӬһĽһɱһİʥķ˳ȥһܹ
˷Ӧٶȣõ˲ĿȻ˵ĿⶼǷֻЬ֮ϣΪǿƺֻЬһֱǳڱƺܹ֮ӵǵȵķӦٶȣʵΪֻЬԶŵµģ
ʱ˶Ǽ֣ùʵôùˣҵûˣһ˫ЬȻǴ˵еⲻ˸пԭһȫˣԲôùı䣡
ʥʹǵûаŭھâ˸
ֻԼӵУ
һֱڹ۲ţҪŻǿе
˵ΪǲһˣþһֶΣҲһҪ֣
뵱Сôģ
ֻҪбǿϵĶǾ;Իʹһֶν֮Ū֣
һУԶ˶ǿУףѾʥˣôֻֽ
һʥɱ
ʥ
Ȼڶֿܼ㣬жƫһֿԣ
ʥУ
ʮ۹ʹ߶һۣ˶Է̺˼
̫ˣôһһŶܣôЩţᷢӳεȵܣ
һ뵽棬ǲ޲
пܣʥΪΪµĳ
Ǿпܵ飡
Ǹʱпܣʮ۹ᱻʥ̲
һ֮󣬶۹ʹ߱Ȼߣŵ۹Ӷȥλʹ߻ԭء
ΧһУƶǿУȴûʲôĿĿŹʥˣûа¶
һȺСˣ֮ǵСˣ
˵£ǰ֤һˡ
ҪĶֱӸԷϺڰñӣȻʵ٣
ֶʵǸߣ
͵棬ȥջͨȺһϷ

ʱ򣡡
ڣʥʹ˻һģҵģʱһĨâֱ֣ǳŻƵĸ첲ץȥЯž޴ƣҪƵֱֱ󱬣
ͽȥң
ԣݶҪƵֱۣ
ٺ٣
һĨϷʣ̧ͷѾߵĹʥʹȻЬ㵵Ŀ£һЬֱ˦ĲϣǰٶȣӦֻЬ̲صľ޴ƺ˵޷ܡ
ž
һĴ죬쳹ȫ˱ǿ߸ϵĹʥʹӼΪΣǰһһſźѪݴӿѷɶһʹ࣬˲ҲΪ֮һ
óжأͲס¶أ
ҳѾģ
Ҫɳȥʱ򣬻ƷһЬӣһϣȻҿ£ʥʹǱˣһ׵ĸͷһڵȫѷ˳ҪǣֻЬÿһһ㣬ѣʥӿƺжһʱǿһЩһͨ˶ѣ
һ׷ԲԵ߸Ŷ۹λʹ߸ʱ򣬾ǿһĻʱĿɿڴԭء
ҿ㻹Ѿģ
ƽ쳹ȫǱûзĹʥʹ˶ʯ״̬аЩʥǼ̡
𾪵ģǰ׷ԲԵߣǳʥʹΪΣʱ״òˡ
ֻЬӡ
ߵĿǷ˻ŵֻЬ棬棬ͬܵһǵڣǣⲻҪģΪȻã˫ЬЩ졣
˵Ǵ˵oЬӣoĴϢԲ˵ܣǣo޾ǰ飬ôأ
Һ˫Ьӡ
׷૳һĨãȻ
ϣʵҲ˫ЬЩ졭񣬾ǵЬг۵ġ
ԥһԵĶʹ߻ǽеɻ˵˳


863 鲻
ʲô
׷΢΢һһͷԼЬӣʱӿһ޷ѹֵ𺳡
ûǶƷ۵ģ˼Ϊƾɣʽ棬ԼЬӶһģһģ
˶һۣǿ˶Էڵ𾪣
еЬһֻͨЬӣôдʲôˣ
ʱԸֻЬҲԸöĹһصĳ֣
̫ˣ
ʥʹ¶ûκεķˣΪλڶ۹ԸһöĹأ
ѵΪ˱ӻǸꣿ
ʹĿһ˫޴Ӱ档
꣬Ҳͬĸ˼𺳣˵Ǽ츳Ѿ֤ĲֻҪɱԻΪһµĴڣ
꣬ҲضһȻĴڣǲ϶ᰵ˸ӻ
ôһ룬ʹ߱ЩȻСԵİ׷˵ԼĲ롣
пܣ
׷صĵ˵ͷͬĹ۵㡣
Ͼ˵ĹȥҿԼҲΨһĽͣ
ʥײӲˡ
˵һеԵ֮󣬰׷һĨֻ֮⣬ǹһĨɵĻȡ
۹ʥҲǼΪɵҲ׵ȥȻΪϴ۹Ҳûùʥչĵ̣˴ǴԺ󣬸۹ǽ֮ΪǵĶ
ǣЩʥڸ۹Ϊȴõĸ۹Щ
ԭڵ۹ȴΪһЩ֪ԭ򱻹ʥΪڰӶ׵ľͽ֮ɱ
һԵôģ
ʮ۹֮ĹϵҲǺǢ֣Ȼ޿ֿУ
ϾҲǼΪϣԷһЩ
ϣϣһУΪ
ʥץסһ㣬ȥø۹ев飬ȥǵ棡
Σƿʮ۹ˣǣʥȴûвһš
Բ£ԣʥһֱţ
ϣô
ʹߺǹڰ׷ʾš
һ̬ȣص̬ȣȻ֪𰸣ȴǽȨø˰׷ߣУõ߶һЩøС
Ȼ˵ʥĶԹǾԼȥɡǣԹ۾УҪʱ˵仰ҲǿԵģô˵Ҳǵ۹ĹϣȻ顭
׷߸˸°İ룬š
ʥԲǣȻǰĻƱֵķǳǿ󣬵ǣδؾܱȵùʥصǿߡ
ǰ겻ʥôԹ۳ʥҲ̫ϾΥԼǾʹĩյˣ
ΪȻʥ˶ʩӴɱôͺпܣɱӵܡ
ڵвԲĴڣ

ʹߺǹӦţȻվڰ׷󣬲ԲĿųϵĶ

ѾġҲ
ƿдĽ£ĺֳЬҿĹʥʹѾˣ׸һ֮࣬Ҳ֪ƤǵֿǿȻΪףȴûõĺۼϵЬӡԶȴˣΪǾѾӡһѾı͡
飡
ĲˣһЬӳؿϣ쳹߹ǳʥʹ˳ȥ˹ʥķУһſҲû
ʥʹ
̶ʱǻҵ˹ȥѪڵĹʥʹвݺݵĳ鴤˼Σ֣Сķվ

ʥʹ׵ĸͷһбŭһѽƿԼȴһģٴԵڵء
һ˴ˣңĿ֮£ʮ۹ʹǰһֻЬӣ
Ļֹ
֪һп϶ᴫʮ۹
һ̣뽫ȫɱĳ嶯ΪֻϢŲ©
ǣԾͲܣ
Ƕ۶
ҳ鲻Ѿģ
ƿɲЩǽţЦйʥ˶УǼΪ̶ŭ죬ǣǵĿֻЬʱ򣬶ʱǵŭϽһˮһľһվԭأҲ


864 ȫ
ǹʥ˵һαƶܷ
Ҳʥһֱ޵еļ¼ˣ
ʱڻֻЬв£ʥʹʥˣƺֻЬ鵽Լһ
ǹʥʷĳ裡
һ۹ķֵȻһ۷徳꣬һһСͷˣ
˲ôʥڶ۹ʮ۹֮ڶ̧ͷ
˫ĳޣѾǵ޿ɵĵزˣƲܷˮ¸𣬸ҽΧʥҲܲԼ
ͬһ
ǴʱȴһҲ⣬ǻ¶һĨЦ⣬ֿſڴЦʥˣ
һ仰õĹӻģжǼٵĳ鶯š
ôǲǹȥˣ
˫һϷʵĴʵ
Щһʲôӣڣεĺûᣡ
ʥʹѪһƬһ󶶶ʱʹ˫ʹ൱Уʹ
ֱڴ
ǣףҲˣ
һŲЦоһ鴤ʹˣ
һӶ޷Ǹղ飡
ٺ٣ʦİ취ãЩһƤҪ飬Żʵ
ƺЦŽӹڣζĿɨʥˣЬ׶ǵҲŶţڳ˾ơ
ƾ˵ĳʥ˶һԣҪҧݣǣܱһݵˣ治ˡ
ϵЬӡǣԣҲ룬ǳһλãȥ̥ӡһҲһӶˡ
һֱ˵ǹʥΪǿƣĸӵҪĶܾ˳ƺͻΪڰ
ǹԳһĨЦƽĻﻺ³õĹʥɫһ䣬ɱӿ
ݣ
ΨһǸûܴİվǰһŭĿŷƣкǳǹʥʹߣΪֻǾȼˡ
ǣ
Цһ˵ȥ˵ûݣ룬Ҷǳ⣬Ͳˡ
һϯõԶȺΪ֮Ĭˡ
ʥȷȼ֮£㣬Ŀãǣ˵ĺڰֶΣҲǼΪ
ڣһ˵вһ
ȷ˵ǵǱʥΪڰֻû˭ܹʥɱ
ʱ޲һΣУҲʼ˼ˣʮ۹ʹҲüͷ
ģ
ΧЩ˵ķӦʥʹǿУʱԷƸǴޡ
֪ԺҪĳ֣ЩܻԿˡ
Ǹʱ򣬾ʹˣ
Ƶȴ
ĿĴﵽˣҪЩѣʥһֻڰϻʱܻԵǡ
ģǣһģ
ǰһ˫˫ӣΡȻ޾壬ɷڳ壬˿ڸԼɱ
Ҫǰʥս
ңƣһҪ̤ƽʥɽ
ϵĻ쳹ȫģ޲ǵһ
ʥҪùˣ
֪ΪΣôһͷԼҲס
ৣ
˫һչγתûƶˣ棬һһӰ׷ȥת˲š
ٺ٣
һЦеЬһɾ۶ɣһֻ޴Ь壬ΧĿռ䶼ˣʱһƺҲֹһ㣬ؼһƬžû˿ԥһ۶ɵЬӡֱӳŹʥ˹ȥ
¡¡
쳹۶Ϊ֮һʥһЬ֮£ΪޣֻһӴʥˣ֮ڣһ캬Ѫɫס
ʦȵҰ
һУƲŻŻŵ𣬳ŷʧķ׷ȥο磬˲Ŀ
ҵԪУҵľȫˣ
ҲҪˣɱҰ
ģҹʥһὫǴҵģ
䣬ڴһĽк֮ǵеںУëȻ
ϣһ˫˫۾âȫǿڣʱһɵȫһ
ʥˣʥʹȫˣ
ȻûǿΪ磬ΪķˣǸ


865 
Ǽʱ䣬ڶ۶±ͬ쭷һľϯʮ۹߽ԾȻ
ʥڶ۶ķֵȻһ۷꣬һһСͷˣ
ֵ٣ʥʹʥȫϣб٣ȫ飬oҲû취Ǹԭˣ
ֶΣ˵ȷĲ
ǴһеԭΪһСͷһ
˵ʱСͷƾһŴĹʥûз֮ȫǴſڵء
һʱ䣬ʮ۹˶ֱӷˣ
ǿʱoеı֮󣬶죬أܣ
һε¼֤ʵһ㣡
֮ɵһ𾳽Сͷţʥʹּǿ߶ſˣõ˴ӵ
ǣ˵һֻЬʱ򣬶ʱĿɿڴ
ѵʱλoЬΪģ
û֪Ϊʲô֮Ȼģȴû˸ȥǣ
Ͼǲ߱Ǹʵ
߱ʮ۹ĵңӦҲǲһ
ȻҲ˴
Ͼ˵ǣĹ˼ңȳҲԻ֡
⴫˵еĶû˿Ա򶨡
ǣһֻЬô
ֿ΢΢ûУ
Ȼ˵еoӵлΪǣÿһǶɸɣֻܳǾƥ
һֻЬӣܳصô
ǣǾ䣬һֱǹۿŹʥĶ̬
ϾӦýŵĲǣǹʥ
Ҫ֪ǵҪ̤ƽʥɽ
ǹƹʥ겻ʥԶҲ̧ͷˣ
ԣǶǴſϷ̬һֱڹעŲϴϢ
֮ݣҲˡ
Ϊӵл츳¼Ҳľ
꣬ǲزۣǱضΪվ۷崦ˣ
㣬˶Ųɡ
ƾ۷壬ĲʥܵİѹŴ㣬ûмܹ
ʥһа

ʥɽ곣һƬûкҹûкڰÿһ䶼ǳ͵İ׹⣬վɽ£ԡʥ⣬泩ԣڹʥɽ£곣¶ۼͨˣǶʥɽݣƺڶoʥˣÿ춼ЩͨʩԶݣԣ˶ĸԸĽԼŮʥ֮ڣΪoˡ
ǣһЩ˳Ϊ˹ʥʥģǲټݹʥ˵ȥoȥˡ
ɣЩͨȴŲɣǿoסΡɽ֮ϣԼŮܹȥoޱ˵飬ԴΪ١
ֻأһһͨ˸ԼŮ׸˹ʥ
һƬֵɽһͨȫɰʯĴ͹޾Ĺ⻪֣һۿɼİɫε£һȦȦƲһ㡣
ڣһoڵߣģӰ˵飬Ҫȥĳ嶯
ڹ֮ڣһ͵ļ̳һߴӰ׹֣˿ΣǴ˵еoһأһƺǴ³ġ
ʱһͶĹڼ̳֮ǰ˫ǳ뾴η
ġ
˵꣬ҲѾǴ죬̿벻
˵ǣһ꣬һһͷȻ׾ٵĻҹʥפ۶ķֵô
û˿еӰ֮ڴ˳õһ
ġ
ĺˮشš
ܺá
֮ڵɱ䣬ƽ
õӻֲ̿ģҲܵ˼ļ尾
ʹأ
֮ڲִ
ǡԪб٣ȫ飬ѾԲˡ
ǲشţа㵡
Ŷ
֮ڵ˵ӦһƺûΪʧȥһʥʹĸ̶ŭʵãͷеô
ΪӦò
˵仰ӻʪ͸ˡ
ɣ
ΪӦĳӵܣǸͷӦڰбӻˣֻǣӦĳطڸ˱ΪѡңҲһֻͨЬӿԳص˵ġ
ӽԼϸ˵˳


866 
Ӧδ£
֮ڵǵĮһеĻ˵ţƺǸ߸ϵoһУѾ޷ˡ
Ϊ⵨񣬿ڳԣҪ̤ƽʥôӦñ
ͷҲ̧Ｋ乧Ļظš
Ŷ
ȴƺȤе˼ȻǾҵҪʲô̤ƽҵʥ
ƺԼ޵еoһоƿ֮УԼʵı޵
񡭡
΢΢һ㶣ǹӦһ˳˴ֱſڣŹվٵȥ
һбǻָ糣ٴδſεİ֮ȴǶȻĨ貵⣬ƺܹأһС
֮Һ죿
䳹ǡ

һƬдеĴ֮УһվһƬ֮ϣ΢ҲҡڣƽԶԶʳ
ʦȵҰ
һݵӰԶŻŵ˹мƺΪ·ЩϢֹһģͷϣҲżκˮ
߽Ļƣ΢΢һĨ⣬ʵ˵ɣ㾿˭ΪҪң
ң
һ㶣Բ۾޹˵ǻưʦôһͲǵˣ
Ҹղ̤УСڴʱǺǡվȽţ͸ˣ㲻ãٶЩô
Ʋûлش𣬶ǻ˵ţ⾼Ļһҡ
̤УûаټԣʱѾȥ˶·ˣ
ǣһļһȴǻܹʱ׷δҲ̫˼˰ɣ
ң˵ٶȣ˵٣һ﾿ôҵģ
ֱֹ֣ǹ죡
ѽ
ʱСҲӷƵ촦ðһͷϷʵĿƿԵĻƣھֻ֮⡣
⡭
ǳ˳飬ֻһתǽԼĽָԼЬ˵ʦˣȻܹ׷ˣٺ٣
ʱһĵ⣬СͶƵĿ⡣
ܹҵôȱĽͣЩԼˡ
˫ЬӡҰģ
ûĵһۣǳ
ѽѽ
ԭЩɥСһʱЦȥСצӲϵķ裬ѽѽֺš
һҲ̫ˣ
ɧȴķһȥʵˣſ޹Ŀŷơ

ƿԣЦҸʦû˼Ҫϰͫ˶ѡ
ô
ƸӵһۣתȥԶʡ
һԼûж⣬кףڵĽͣȴҲ֮Աǡ
ܹʥʹǿߵʵȱʲôô
ʯʦ
ǿ˵ⲻǹ߶ѣ
һӵǿߣΪҪǱ꣬ѵǹȴԼĳô
ƲľͬʱЩȻ
Լ츳òҲҪ˰ɣң˾ȻԼΪʦ
÷Ƹе͸¶Ź졣
رһƺСʶһ
ѵΪ֮ô
һĨâͬʱӿһɼ
Ϊ֮壬Ĺ֮һ칬ߣСΪ϶壬Ϊ֪ߣǣΨԼʣ˵֮֮壬ͬӵо׵Ϊξû˴أ
ʱԺڲһӰ
ǳڱеǸӣ
Ե޹ʵĳڽ֮ڣƺΪ˾Լغĵ쳣ҲǲΪǸӵԵʡ
⣬ǰһ
Ϊͬɲ⣬ȴҪƤĸԼߣǸûе顣
һУƺֻ֮ܽ͵ĹȥˣȻǿΪҪӻԼ
뵽бЩȻǵ⡣
Ҳ֪һﲻ˵ԭҲû׷ȥΪǾǰ״

Ƴ˿ָһߴڨЦĻƣ߰ɣ
ûзŭҲûȥʻʲôΪԼҪߵ·ҲΪû˱ӻԼԣԼߵ˽죬ӵһ·ϵڶ
һκܺõ
ȴǰ࣬٣֪ǳļһߣȥʥɽͰȫࡣ


867 
ԭǴֱȥʥɽһģǣ˶۶¼Լʵ
ǰһսԼӮĺܹ죡
ÿΰ̱ܶľǣÿζײʱ򣬶Էȴǲ֪ǺԵƾȥԼԲӮɣԻһս
ɴˣƱ˽ԼĲ㣬Ȼܹź֮ڵǣ۷ĴܣԼֲô
رֹ½Ǹӡ
ڵ÷޷
Ȼ˶ĵȴòϣǿ֮һ
ӵһ۷ܾˣڵԼû취⣡
Ҫͻʾȥʥɽո
ϣ
ǼΪѵ飬۳һѾһˣʱʱ̶̿Ƿֳһǳ֮ڳڵġˡǣȴû˿ɫ

ĳƳ³һڵâ˸˸
ûͫ˫ͫͬü󣬴ܹȻһ󲽿ȱٵ
̫ˣ
ڵ̾һ
ĿǰٶҪһϣҲ뼸꣬ʮʱȥˡ
ʮʱܹһϣٶȲ෴ģͨ˵Ѿǲˣ
ǣȴϲ𰡣
һ뵽ҪʮʱſԿһϣüͷ塣
ʮ꣬Լȵ½ķҿɵȲ칬ŮҲȲ
УҵӿٵĿϰ취
ʵģҪѸݵİ취ѯ֪µĻơ
ϣ
Ҳû̫ɻ󣬱ϾҪ飬ʵƶǷǳ
ʵϲûнݾߡ
ҡҡͷڷ¶ʧɫʱ˵Ѱˣ壬ʥ壬ӵм֮ˣҲҪʮʱ䡭
ǡҾʮ㹻˰
üͷһɻʵ
һµʱˡı仯ǿУҲҪʮң϶û
ٺ٣
ƺЦһһĨ⣬˵ʦȻֻҪʮʱ䣬ǣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ѵΪּ֮Եʣ
һʱ뵽ԭ
Ǵʱȥǳ֮ôԼϵʱ϶ᱻӳ꣬ʮʱ䣬ô塢ʥ֮ûвˡ
ʦ̫ˣһͨ
ֿ죬Ĵָ佱
ȴǺƨɣǵĴСۣƺΪҲ֮Աһ
ʵҪʱ䳤̣ҲÿӵеǿģһЩʵˣӵе֮ͨķ룬ôǿϵʱҲ󻡶ȵļ١
ЦĽţֱСıӡ
ΪһܱԼõȥ
ԭˡ
ƻȻĵ˵ͷ
Ǿ֮壬ôӵеǾǳ˼֮ģ
ҲǹʥֵǸӣǷǳ֮ս⣬Ҳܱ⣬̶ܳȣ֪
ԣǿϵʱ䣬϶ͻ󻡶ȵļ٣ʱ䣬̵ʱɿˡ
ϧƿ֮
Ʋ̾һ
ǳţ֮Բܹƿ䣬̵ʱ֮ڿһϣ࣡
ֻѣּּ֮츳Ҫ룬ڵ찡ڵƿ಻룡
֮˰˼һ񣬻Դ𣿡
һ뵽˾ּ֮ľŴ󳬷ƾͷʹý
κһңڵ˵Ǹֻ·һ
лһߣҲȥǡ
ϾŴѾǴ˺ɽ۷ˣһǿǿȥܹܲŴ󳬷ɣ
С
ֱӵͷ
ʲôطУ
ƶʱЩˣ׷ʵ
Ĺ
³һĨ⡣
ĽͣƱ˽ˡ
ĹʵϹʱڵǿµĹأĹأһ㶼ǳһЩΪվĵУЩǿߣǽԼĹһЩ֮ڡ
ЩĹغѰңңҲһͻӵоż֮һļ֮ǿ֮Ĺ
ҪǣֹĹ֮ʱǾ춯صģǸʱķƶԼһʲôȥۣ
硭
ԺͻأֳһӰ


868 Ŀ꣬ռ
ռң˵ǳĴںɽڣҲ֮һȻ
Ϊһ㣬ԣ뵽ģԣ
һּΪԣǿ֮һУûܹˣ
ܹӵԡ
һĨ⣬ƽЩ
ܹӵУԼʵ϶󻡶ȵһأʱϵʱҲԻɱļ٣ּ֮Լܹһ֮ͻһϣ
ѾǷԤʱˣ
û취飬̫֮Ūˣ˼ҾԲȥǣôƵĿǷڹĹ档
ǣĹôңңҲһӵоż֮һǿߡ
ǽµĵزҲܹһЩߡ
Ĺɴ⣬ĵصף˭Ҳ֪ʱǨϹʱľڶΪ˳У˵ЩĹڳ֮ȴҲû֪
Ⲣǲܵ飡
޾¹ȥˣܹĥһУǿµĽҲʧЧʱĹͻ¶һЩһЩף
ǣǽƲʧЧô˿Ѱĵ
Ϊ㲻Ҳܳɾ켫۷壬÷ƻɣѵҲǳԽ켶ʥͫ
ܹͫɣضܹʵʣѰһЩ³¶ߵĹĹӦҲ̫⣡
ǣӵаļʮ£ʱƵͫҲ켶н׶ѣ˵ʥ켶߽ףҲҪõʱȥˡ
֪ô
˼ãƻǾȥ磬ǶŻʵ

һĿŷơ
ףΪηƻѡŴʵǿһҡ
֪
˵һĨʧ䡣
ҲȷĹ˼ң֮ڣ˵ˣʮ۹ңҲҲǵټֻЩ䣬ŻΪ֪ңЩҲżڷǷ츳֮ˣҲȥΪͽ
ǣЩλڣȴûܹ֪
Ȼ֪
ƺܵ˶һ˵һ˭ϵ֪һ룬µ֪ųɣô
Ŷ
һһ⡣
һ϶ҲҲǳĳҲ˵
ʦѵȥҪԼ֮
üͷ΢΢ʵ
ЩһһǼΪѲ̲飬ǾԲԼҵļġ
һ뵽ЩʹͷʹһҪżҸǿɲǺ鰡
û
΢ĵ˵ͷЩ룬ǰԼԼһŴЦСܰдһЩԡ
磬ıһŮҲԼᰳҲ߲
ɫϳɾĻôῴһЩȻΪλʶռҵˣһͻƿڡ
ٺ٣ӣռһһȵҲ쵽ˣʱռҵ˻ɽ񡭡
ƺЦſ˵š
ɽ
Ʋͷ
ɽﳣ걻׵֣˵ĵطٺ٣ռҵЩһÿ궼ȥǰһ׵ϴӣԸؼΪ׵֮
ԹԵ˵ţķɫƣŸĿˡ
ߣ
һڵСƿնȥ
ȻǼԵĻô϶

ʣɽİ˵ĺᣬûκȥ
ף飬Щη֮ģΪܹɱһУ֮ǿһͨʣҲܱȺʥ̶ȣʥ壬֮ˣҲᴦܵƣ޷ſֽţΪȵ£֮Ҳ޿κΡ
ҲһսĹǰΪаʥӵ˼֮󣬶ԭ
Ϊ¢Եռңʵ֮ǿӹɡ
ɽ˫۹ϲһֱкɵһ߷֮ƣһ񽣣ֱ񷣬۷ڣ궼׵罵٣ԣǧ֮ڣ̣һЩԵħ֮⣬û黹Ƭ档
ռÿǷеģԣÿ굽ʱƬͻ۹ⳬӵܣ˵عۿ֮һķɡ
׳ǣǿɽһУΪѾٽԣѾֱľÿкܶ˶ңңĹۿɽľ󣬶һ񷲻䣬ˮͰ׳ף˶ǵľ̫


869 Ϣ
꣡
һЯŻϢɽԶϵĻ棬ƺɽѹĪħ׵Ҫ֮һ
Ǿɽô
վһþ޴Ĳ棬âֱ߷ɽвɵһ΢
ǽľǾͬĩһűŰϢѰ˾΢һ㣬Ҳʧء
ֵطݣռң֮Ƶ
ưԸпһڳ˾̾
ȷڵԼǼ˻ź֮ϵȥɽϣҲֻ·һᱻʲôʣ£ǣͬǾصĵȴһȫݵĵطⲻò˵ƾ㣬ܿóĵˣԶѰܹ⣡
жã
Ƴ˳ջĿ⣬âȥǶԵĻһ䡣
ٺ٣ʮ졣
һЦ˵
ʮ졭
΢΢üͷ˿Ҹطס°ɡ
򵥣ʦ
˵һ䣬ǳŸ׳Ƿȥ

ٽƱǿһӰӹƺǰͬһطʱǼӿٶȡ
׳֮еĿջҲѾȫסˣֵϣȺǺѹѹһƬȫڹۿɽ׵ɽ֮̾Ĵ
ѵҪ¶Ұ⣿
һҿջ߳ǴһĨЦ
ʮ죬Ѿ𱬳ľˣôʱ򣬸ûжˣ
жһصɴܹʶ֮һķɣͨ˵ȷһֵô顣
ٺ٣ҰҲܲ
ƵνģһҸߵƣõķûĵһۡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣЬϣ죬Ծͻãֱֹ֣ǹ죡
ѵһûдµĸ
λӣҪסջô
Ҫȥȴһü۵С˹ǰʵ
⡭ȷ
üͷǵ˵ͷ
ӣöһСԺ֪費Ҫ
СһĨ⣬ֺõЦʵ
Ŷ
һȴСĶˡ
ˣȽջˣȴԼסȻٸ߼۵ۿˣ׬ȡ߰
ʲô۸񣿡
һö龧һ¡
С˵ʱЩţƺ·Ʋסһ
һö龧
üͷһ
һԵ̫ˣڿջڵıۣõǶǧ侧һ죬һﵽãһʮ侧ǲ˵Ҫһ侧һ죿
׬һ룡
ҲѹСЩˣȻܴ󣬵ǷҲ٣ţԼԲǵһµˣֻǷ̫ߣҲһԸ⻨ԩǮ
߰ɣ
΢΢䣬˵š
龧ںиطסͦģ
߷
ԣСڶʱһĨ˷ܵɫŷƱǳһΪĿջȥ
ˣô
ƴһΪľСԺ֮ڣСֺõĶԷʵ
ţ
ɨһΧĻƵ˵ͷ⴦ԺȻģǣȴҲһζһľ¥ˮأͤʯ̵С·ĴݴķǳҲ˼ּҵܰ

֣ôһö龧׸Сֱֵ꣬лƨƨߵľˡ
ʦ־Ǵ󷽰
ƿ
ûҰãһȥ
ưһۣǳŸ¥ȥ

С֮ͤڣһòŮЩĿϣ˫ˮеûн㣬ƺ˼ѾԶ
ʱһɫȹŮ߽ׯ԰ڣǳɵģ΢ҡҡͷ
С磡
ѾվŮȴѾûзӦŮΣһ
ţ
ǻعתͷЩĺӣôˣ
Ҳô
ѩǴһĨ΢ЦһΪصģ
⻵һѾһûˣˡ
˹ȥѩĲʹΪزĥţʾȣȴõѩ΢죬ƿ
һϢҪҪ
ѩɴһĨ糺죬ΪصĶ˵
ʲôϢ
ȥŷ۵С죬Զʣڳڴ븴ӡ


870 ״
Ȼ顭
ѩһ˫嫺ǿգңң޼ʣһĨǳǳĻȣƽдЩϷ֮⡣
飿
һ㶣عͷѩ˫ЦЦӣ϶ʱ͸һĨ糺죬Щ΢΢ףֱ֮ӣֹţʲô飬̽ô
ֻ£˵ȵĲҡ
ѩǵ˵ţʵζʮ㡣
ϴڱѾķǳ͸ˣǰռҵı񣬷ڼǰѾĳˡ
òпСӻ۹⣬ʱʮͽ꣬ȻҲܷǸʱʼ˵ˣѾһˡ
ӣһû˼ң˾֪˵˵㣿
ŭվѩҸ¡
ѵͲ֪ʲôϢô
ѩûжһ仰õͣ˽ŲĿ
˼ǡ
пǺܿͻ
ѩһ˫۾ٴθǳ֮󣬿лＫΪƮ죬
ģ
۾һһĨϲ뼤
ҵģһǳڳӽ
ѩǴһĨ΢ЦֻǣȴһĨǡ
УԼǿǣȴûκǳӽ
ѵģ
Ļӭ¶ڱ˾ԻãСȴǣô֪ռڣӦýǻô棿
ռڣ֪ƾ۳Ƿ֮ˣҲܽӴɽһ
С磬ռһһȵӦÿ쵽˰ɣ
Сѩ࿪һ䡣
ǰûжˣôˣ
һ㶣˵ͷѩǸĪ΢Цʱһʱ˼ʱпܻ֣
ȷҲΨһĿˡ
Ǻǣ
ѩ಻÷һЦûж˵
ߣȥ׳ǣ
һסѩ೯ȥ
ָоҲܹǸԼǣӵꡣ

Щ׳һһ֣ˣҲһһҪߣõһЩȨ֮˴Ҳ͵
ȻҲһЩļӵǰɽҪһ֣޲ĸǱ³
һ׵Իᵼԣʧµ׵磬˭ܵ
һЩʲˣܹӳɽģǣͷǾٲ˵ģкܶҲû߳׵ɻҽѪɽ
ȻҲ˴ɽԵ׵ģǴ츳кܶ˶Ӵ߸ĳĳ߿УӴԾ
ʱڱԵشֵΪһһΪꡣ
Ѿĸʱˡ
һ׷ͯյĿ¶⣬ֱе߷ĵش૳
Ȼ˵ԵشĵǣҲ۷壬ټԵԣʾˣҲǵ绡д϶á
ңԽڣߵܾԽ󣬼ÿʮףһܡ
Ǹ꣬۷徳磬ȴѾڱԵʮ״൱۷ܵĵ绡дĸʱˣңı֣ƺΪɡ
ʣ츳
߶Ǹͷ󲿷ֶͽ֮ġ
һõʣɾǴܹظܵ㣬˽Ƿǳڵܸ󣬴ԺߵĸԶ
ˣȻǷƣ
֣׵壬ܹ󻡶ȵǿȣ͸ǿ
Ҫģȥɾܹظʱ򣬾㲻ͻʾ磬ƾǿʣҲܹƿ۷
꣡
һɫĵ绡ԶţһĻӣõһһģÿһ鼡ⶼʱ״̬ÿһҲܵ׵ǿʣڻš
ǿȲ
ԽԽʹȴԼڵٶȲˡ
ʱûʹͼ£ҲܹΪɵĳ۷ܵ׵塣
ǣվһ˾ĶȻٴȥ
˻
Զһ
ѵƾȥܵ׵壿
˲뵽
˿Ϊʥ壬壬Ҳܹסһȼ׵壡
ʱһЩͽ֮ĵ߱ҪֹǣǽҪ֮ʱȴǷ֣ǸѾܵ׵֮ڡ


871 
ԭѪȵĳ沢ûг֣ܼ׵ڣƵӲǾҵһûбѪģֻƤЩѡ
˻
һ΢΢˳飬һ񣬻ȥǵصĵ绡
ôܣǿ᣿
ԶȫˣЩֹҲĿɿڴ
ǲһȼһԣȻҲǲ˵ҲѾﵽʶϾҵĵزˣ
ʲôʣ
ʱû˻Ϊ۾ʣ׷ײȴʣǺˣĸӵܡ
Ͼʱɽ£ֵֻΪˣܼĸʱʱûܹ
ֶܹã
˶վԭأʱ䡣
ʱվԶĻҲûյЦһ࣬һ˫ǳԶ䣬Өתƺܹʵʡ
ȷ츳õţ֪٣ÿһ˶һ춯صĳɾͣǣ޾Уܹȹģȴ޼
мԿ϶ƾǰ߳һ۷ĵ·
ѽ
վһԵСǵ⣬ǳƨģƺܹʱĳɾͶĹһ
ߣ
Ʋ޵ĺһû
˵ҲȷһĹ
ʥ
۾΢΢ǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ԼĹƺҲͰ
ţĳСȥһƵĿ⡣
б¶Կʥô
СȻޣȴҲ޿κΣʱȷûȥӻơ
֮£һʱܿ͹ȥˡ
ɽϣһ޴׵䣬ɽѿһϸСĵһ㣬£ܡ
ɽ֮£Ƕһʹ࣬һһµĳ鴤ţƺż޵ĥʱ˲ҽһѪѸٵ뿪Ƭ׵ھǾ
׵֮ǵ
ǣռңȴÿҪɽϾһĴΪ׵ϴӡ
ţȻܼ֣ѵǼɵô
̫˼ˣ䣬˭ӵǿʣ
ѵҲĸӵܲɣ
ϾȫĿ⼸Ǽһط
һ꣬ѾǼһˣҲΨһһһֱˡ
ºܿʹˣԽԽۿڼΪ֮޲Ǹп֡
̫֮ˣȻܹԽ׵ԣ
һЩӳˣ޲𶯣ʼǲҪȡȥ
ʱ򣬸׳ȴɫŮҲͬƵƵףŻ󣬿ȥͲ򵥵ģԣûǰϷ
ǶƺҲѰʲôһңڶʯڽϣ˻ɣѵ˾ŮӣȻһͽɣ
ûаѵûиϵ׳ǣ
һҶʯ߳һСԾǴʧȻ

ѩҡҡͷüͷ΢΢һĨɻ
֮ϣ貵ǳѾǿһˣҲ˵ӦѾһˣ
ɨΧ˺Ҳεҡҡͷ
Ҫ˺֮ҳһڵ찡ǸҲڣĻҲ΢΢
ˣһ﾿أ
СϹżɫԭضСţ۵촽ҧЩף۾һ㱡
С磡
ѩ̾һС֣ο϶ģұ֤
ô
ѹеίֱ
š
ѩ˵ͷҲҲ㣬ֻҲԣʱ϶ֵġ
Ҳԣ϶벻һ
ȻС죬һزصģҵ϶Ҫÿ
̬ΪˣõԱһֱעǵֱӾͿɵۡ
߰ɣ
ΧЩȵĿ⣬ѩеڣǳŸ׳ȥ
˵ûУѾɽ¼һˣ
ʲôȻڼ֣
ȻҲŻأ˵Ҳûһֱǣ
ȥ
ΧһЩߵС뾪ţ˶ǳɽȥҪ֤ʵһ¡
ܹɽ¼һ룿
ŵ⻰ͣ˽Ų¶ɫ
ӵԵǳ˽Եǿ̶ȣ֮ˣɽ¾ôԣΧĻһʱĺģҪȥˡ


872 
ɽ֮£Ȼ΢ĺۼǣɫȴǹž޲ûʲôĲƺǹιǵʹ˿ûиӦһⷬõԶ˾̾ѣһֱǲǾɵġ
꣡
һ绡ϣ΢ƿǻڸһһЩӵ

ƵĺǳƽȣڵһϢ˳һ£ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһϸ׵Ļ£ڲţǿţһĪĴļӣʣÿʱÿ̶ܵ
ʱ䣬ƱܹоԼѾ󻡶ȵһء
׵磬ȻǴܰ
ڵı仯оϲͬʱпӵ֮ˣֻǺεȵǿ᣿
Ѿı֤֪ԼӵԣҲֻʱˣÿһ룬бһŻȡ
ԣͨԣҲǼǿģֻҪܹӵУԼʾͻһֱõٵ
Ӧûְɣ
мڴżֵǡ
ϾռӵԵ˲μӣãã˺Լȥң˵϶ΪԼ½ء
ơ
ţһԼƮĶڣʱõһ㶣ȴǾãΪ죬ƺһ
磿
ƲȻˣʱ۾ǼٻӰԼһϲЦտŮбӿһɻϲ֮飬ʱӭȥ
ˣȻѩ࣡
ôһ֮ҲǱʶʶ̬˭֪еľٶȴǽǧҲûѰ˸ˡ
һҺң
ʱϵЦݣһŭɫа׵֣ǳŷŴһ£һʱɰ̬ˡ
ң
΢΢һ㶣ڿߵѩ֮бǻȻ
ʦΪصְҵΪǵֻ󣬴ɵʦܹת翵֮ʥ塢Ҳ޷⡣
칬Ĺ֮һѾʦʵڹ͵ķǳȷȻ޼ǣȴгȥ֮һԭ򣬾Ϊʦ
Ǻǣ
΢һЦ֪ΪΣǰŮ֮еʱȴ˴룬һǰδеӿͷ
Ƶ΢ЦʱǳǳľѣһɫԽΣǧ˿٣ɢӯӯһյ£̵ͦĽΣ޳ȣı޿ޡ
͵Ŀ⣬ʱϸĨ糺죬۵촽΢΢
һ̫ˣҲǵһֱԼԡ
ǻһˣԻһױ޳ȥҲҪУǣǰĿ⣬ȴİϲһ⣬ļӡ
ָоֻϲУԣ޷ſԣҪõӵָо
һԣѩĿܲϵɨţȴҲûзеǵӰĴڣţڣ϶ѾԼߣ˵ȴ˵
Ӧõɽ˰ǵȥˣ
Щնĸоһʧ両
飬޷Ԥģֻ֮ǰҲδԼȻϲһɱԼˣҲ⣬Ҳ翵Ե֡
ⶫ˾ޱȵۡҸǣͬʱҲʹ˼ĸԴˣۺû˭޷˴ƣҲΪԣҲ̬ĸԴ
ҲΪ˶ڹעŷƣԣһһЩ˵УŮòȻõĶǸģŮǣһ˫˫ڱ⡣
ʣ
䣬Ĵ쳹һЩ
ȻѩһƬ˿͸ǣЩΪȴõΪ֮ľ
ⲻô
ʣܹĳǺʣݡ
ռҵˣ
ԭռҵˡ
̸ˣһȻڷܹ׵֮Ҳ˺ܺõĽ͡
ʱһЩͽ֮ĵˣȫ΢һ̾ͽ֮ġ
Ҳȷռҵˣ˭ܹԽأ
ס
ƽ̸ѩ֮վԶĻƣ۾΢΢ǵھâ˸ǻһǳǳĺۼе˼ٺ٣СŮ޶ţ벻Ȼܽʶ칬ˡ


873 ʱ
㾹ȻѾ۳һˣ
ǰ꣬ޱȵ𶯡
ŷֿ겻ʱһ꣬ȻѾ˵ĵز൱ȼĪ޷Լ۾
ٶȣνٰ֮
һԵѩֻ࣬һĨ죬ǻָϣǹŸĪЦ⡣
Ǻǡ
΢һЦ˵ͷͬʱҲһĨȡ
Ϊ֣ǰŮҲԶԶֹ۷壬۳һΪȻǿ͸
ǲ˵Ѿǿһˣ
ʱӦñʵɣ
뵽ʱֵļˣлȻ
ɽ֮ˣ˵ǲȥ½ģȥҲС£¶ʵȻ϶ᱻغɽ硣
භˣõӡ
ߣؿջ˵
ΧڶĿ⣬üͷ΢΢һȻǷ޹ǵС֣ŻȥҲֻǽ΢΢һ΢죬ȴûۣţǸСϱһ
λǡ
ǰƾɣЬӶ˼Ļƣ΢΢һ㶣תͷŷʵ
ƣ
ƻû˵ƱԼˣǣֿ֣Цٺ٣λʦ˰ɣ
ʦ
һ㶣ȻĿһԵķȴǳ˳顣
ߣ
ûĵ˻һۣߺѩ˸кһͬŸ׳ȥ
;Уѩתͷ˻һۣһĨã
ԼȻ͸ݵСͷƺʲôڸˣһƬģ壬ԼԼƺһ
ֲϵ󶯣ȴǿʲôҲֻա
Ҳֻһͨ˰ɡ

ƣʲôʱĺɽ磿
ǻص˿ջЩȲ׷ʵһ˫ˮĴ۾ǻϲĿǰꡣ
á
뵽ɽĿģЦݣɫԳء
ʥĲҲ֪Ҫ²
ˣ
ȻȻľ뵽۳ǵ飬ǿʵ
ǰ꣬Ǹ֮ˣʧ˵۱ķңҲȷǺѵ˵ս
Ǻǣû¡
ѹеĳأһЦ⣬Цһ
㲻ƣҲоԵģܹݻٹʥ
Ŷ
֪Ը˵Ӧһûȥ˹ɵģõѩ졣
ѩֻ࣬һͬ˺ɽ磬ȴʧˡ
һ۶ѩ࣬ƿ˵
ŶԼأ
ѩջĿ⣬΢΢һ׷ʵ

΢΢˳飬ڨڨһЦ˵ûԼáӦǸȥ칬ˣ
ȥ칬
ѩһ㶣ȻЩ΢΢ʧ䡣
ţãҲȥ
Ƶ˵ͷһһֱЦݵ磬һĨӡ
ߣ磬Сˮ£᲻øκһˣʧȥһ
ֻһ룬ͻþĵʹʹ꣬ӵϵʣҲ޷
Ҫһ
мжѣὫ֮շƽ
ʱЩ泩
֮ǰҪͬʱӵмŮҲЩãǣôһ֮Լġ
Լǣ̹ģ
ٺ١
ͤڵˣƿ½ܰ׼ҵСѾͷƭ֣⹦򣬲һ
׼ҵҲţʱһ֣ŮȴеĸӲ򵥡
Ҳã׼֮ͿɵĽˣٺ٣
۾ƺǿġ
ƣʱ򡣡
ƺʲôһĨ⣬˵
ţ
ɻĿ
Ǵӣ
֣һ·ƵĶͷ˵㲻Ҫ쾧ô⣬ռҽ֮ڣԹˣòֻڽſԡ
ò
üͷ΢΢
˵ɲǸϢҪȥռҽأ⼸ǲܵ顣
ƽʱңҲû취ȥǣռҪʼˣӵԵ˶뵽ɡ
ЦеΪ͵
ֻǸʱ򣬽֮ڲŻûˣǱĺʱ
Ŷ
ĽͣҲϲ֣ǰЦ绨Ůһж
ܹΪԼԸðַգ˵ǳںԼô
ʱȴˣ쾧б׶˴ڵġ


874 Ͷ
ռɽڣ˲֪˲Ϊ죬ɽ֮ϣƺֻһμ򵥵ļݣռ𳬷չԼǿʱ
Ҫ֪ʥˣǴɽ۷壬ҲᱻǣռңȴǾһĵطǼ֮
ⱾͶѾγһε
ҪռȨɽ°˵Ȼûʸ
ҲΪĴڣԣ޾ռҵȨһֱûܵκƣҲ£һЩ«Ҳѧռҵּݣǹһ¶Լǿ
ܿģʮת۾͹ˡ
죬ʲ¶һĨ⣬׳ǵڵ˼߳ˣеĿⶼǼ׵˸ɽ֮ϣƺڵȴЩʲô
ģʵ⣬ֳһĨǰףʱ򣬶ȻģؼӿһƬƼٵľ£ѹѹһƬ£ٴأģһεѹϢĴɵģЩ٣Ҳ޷ƽ
¡¡
ײϣ¡죬ڵ֮ԶõԭͺܳصնһƣһЩΪˣֻһˣҿ̫
Ҫˣ
ҵĵ֮裬һЩ׳ǵӿһɼеͺ
¡
ȻûãһƬУֱӱһ룬¶һƬأ翪ٵһ㣬ģ˵Ҳ֮

ƬصУһɫ绮ʱռֽͬһֱӾͱһڵѷƬС
ৣ
һƿ˱ǿӰڵѷ֮ӳ׷׶ɽ֮ϣ˳һɽ׵ɴΡȻһʯһҡ
һ£ؿϣһɫӡǡ
ɫ磬ռҵݱ־ûκ˻ڵá
ৣ
һӰӳ֮ϵѷſʼĺ£
һ׹֮ڵӰһָ׳ĵ绡˳űϢһһġ
ɽ۷λãϣһˮͰ׳ĵ绡£ϣܹɱʥ˵׵磬ȴûиκˣƺһûа¶ǿһֲֿĵزһoһ
ȷڳ˿׵֮ˣ
ɨһԶû˸ֱӣȫǵͷȥڣһƬ
̫ǿˣ
ڸ׳еķƣ΢һۣ׻һ㣬һɫҲЩ԰ף֮ϵȥ
ǿߣǳŵ۱ķ棬Ҳûƣָоˣͽ֣Ҳ׵ȡʤŵ۱ķ棡
ȻⲢ˵۱ǿᣬҪ߷ΪΣΪԽߣܹļµȻԽ
۱ֻڼ´Уʵʵķӳʮʮܣ
ȻǵӰȻעֲ۳һСֱ䵽ɽ۷壬ĿڽµӵɨɨȥƺѰЩʲô
أ
һԵһʵ
˵ʮǰ칬ѩȥˣû
ʵĻشš
ŮǺѣ㣬Ƕ˾߶Ҳû
ռҵǿ᲻˵ǣ칬ȴضǿܹռûɻܾȻȥ谭Ů֮
Ϳ֪ѵͲ֪ϻô
ӵһ¶ȥһ

Ӧһֻ˿ռ䣬ƿնȥ
һĻѾµķȴûп
ݿʼ
ƴϯأ⻰£ɽռӵܣȫȥƾ׵ɴ˾
Ͻ߰ɣֻʱ䣡
仰ŷƴߴٵ
ã
ҲûԥС磬ϢʧͥԺڡ
˵ˣѾһˡ
ƿնȥˣѩ˫Զ૳
ٺ٣
ԶȴǴһЩִֻϷʵЦС֮ͤڣһƣһڣ¶һĨЦӣռҵıͶˣҲܲ
ĪĻõѩһۣǷģѩಢûѯʣŸ¥ȥ


875 ֮
Ӧָ·Сӵпռ츳һһ׵ľǱռ֮ڡ
ռҽأʣռĺĵӣǾû֪ĵģǵʱ죬ܹѹռңҲҲռҽڡ
һĴ£谭⡣
ȥ
һƬľУָСȥŷƣŲԶһСľȥ
һ俴ȥΪϾɵľݣƺΪܾûסˣԣһЩľ֮ϻһЩ̦Ϊû˴һЩط֩
Ȼᣡ
ٽľ֮ʱס˷ƣ˵һСĳľȥƿľţ˽ȥ

ʱϲ˳ŷʾ⡣
ȷһ䱻˵ľݣȥѾкܳûסˣλȽϸɾľڵ϶һܺĻҳǽǣǽһ֩еһж֤һݣ
û죬ƿ϶طǴʱ߽ľڣҲûзʲôϡĵط
˵ľõλȴһЩ쳣ΪλΪɾһȾƺӣб֮ܳܡ
վλһ״ͣ˽Ų˫ıϣǰϣӿһɫĵ绡΢΢ԶһЩ̶ƿ񷢲
ÿµ
ɲһͷ亹
̫ˣԵܣԲڵǹʹõƸоϣùĿ϶ӣ
ԭһֱʵ
ǹһĨĿЦһĨӡ
ڵԼƺǰŮĶ֣ԼûźڵҲв
һҪǿ
Ȼսȭͷ
ԼԼŮ˻ѵ˵ʱԼҪŮô
ԲУ
ĿһƬᶨ졣

ʱͻȻ۾һ˫׵Ƶһ׵繹ɵĴ˳һƣͼûǰԶλ֮ϣʱǱһ貵ǿ⡣
ˣ
һһȵĪϵĴű¶˳Ǵ棬һ׵繹磬ȫĶǵ绡һһŰֳ˻Ϣõķһݡ
ⷽ򣬾ԲǷѧԺڵ׹ħܹģ飬춯صĵ绡ЩţЩ㤡
ռҺӵĵطɼʸˣжôǿ᣿
߰ɡ
ųһ׵繹ɵķ֣ڣɫЩףƺǸղǷͼĹЩܲס
Ȼᣡ
ǰסֱۣһҩԶڣתһȦʱɫܿתãָ
һˣ㻹һ켶ҩʦء
Цգг޳Ľë΢΢Ĳ¶ϲɫ
ϲֹػˣ
Ǻǣ߰ɡ
ŮЦգӿһֱܰС֣ǳǰ׵˽ȥľݱǻָλЩɾĵطǻҳѻ

֮ⷽڣ׵磬׵磬޾
ռҵĽأ򣡡
ЩȻƽţǱԵ׵Ƚϡ߽ҲԻᱻɱһЩ׵ܼĵشܹ׵ĺɱʥˡ˵У񣬾ġ
֮ء
ƲɵĵһһĨ
oڴˣⲻ˵һ׵ĵô
ʱ뵽˼ңǲͬƿֵ
̫ˣ
ޱȿµĵ̣֪Ϊһٵĳ֣ƾ㣬վ۷䣡
Ǻǣ߰ɣϴѾҵһöƷ쾧
ı֣⣬¶Цָһ򣬡ߣ
ã
ҲûгɣСֱǿ첽ȥ
ֻʱ䣬ʱԣǱȽϽȵģǵռôɾûôûܹȫˣʱ򣬿ܾҲİȫ
ǰһСɽȣ֮ͫ£ƴܹһЩ״
׵һܼǺˮһˮм䣬һöε쾧Χ׵֮ǿ


876 ʥ
һÿǿһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻת״
Ԫܼĵطͻ侧̺ĶؼΪԪڲĵκԪ
ͬһƬɽ֮أĻ۵һĳ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻܾ޴쾧
ͬڷǰҲ
Ƭ׵۶ɵɫУһöԵ쾧ң˵ö쾧Ѿ˽꣡
µУ룬ö쾧ѾΧٵ׵֮
ʱѾﵽ˿µĳƷزٹ꣬ҲܹݻһƼ֮Ϊʥ飡
ȥкôпܣܹ򵽼¡
ָ쾧֮أͷŷ˵
ܹ򵽼£
һϲɻ
Ȼ
˵ͷ͵ǽϣݻʥ쾧ʵö쾧֮ڣѾмµϣֻǻδ۳ʵ壬ԣڻֻǳƷ쾧ѡѰ֮ʱﶼռҳפأ׼κ˿ڸպǶȥˣȻûġ
ԭҲȡһöʥ飬ǣǵʥÿᱻռҸ߲ȡ߸츳ӵãղΪ̡
ȻҪõһöΪ츳ݣû⣬ǣߣ;޿ܡ
ԭˣ
лȻһж
ǰŮΪԼ·Ѿ˼

˫սһֻС֣˫ڣֱˮӣĵлл
˵ʲôллǵġ
类ţ֮϶ʱ͸Ĩ糺죬Ľë΢΢Ĳ˸ߵģʱˣЩ֪ôӦźá

ƲûɿֱۣǰһӵĿޱº͵ʵϲԸҵ𣿡
ӣ
綸Ȼ̧ͷЩĿŷƣڼ˫֮ǴһͷȥҵĵҲ֪Ĳ֪
Ϊ仰׵ˡ
ѩ£ܹȷԼѾˣǣҪǣԼļ壬ԲԼһ˳ɻ飡
Ϊǵĵط
ռҵǿΪ˵ɽ磬ûκܹѹסռңռҪҲֻһ;
ķңԳܲסִ
ҪʱԼļ巴Ŀɳ𡭡
Ǻǣ
ûнΪѾ֪һУ΢΢һЦҪңҾԿԹռӭȢ㣡
ô
̧ͷ˸žϲ뼤
ϣĻˣֻңɼΣҲϣһΡ
Ȼѵ㲻ô
ĻϲǰһŮ뻳УıţƺҪ֮ڣΪһ壬롣
ǣҲڵ츳Խռҵڡ
ǣܹʵʵƿ䣡
Ҳֻ۶ѣӵΪǿʣûӵоʵʱ޷ܵ˵أ
ʥˣǾԲģ
ԣƵĿǣɵۣ
;м£˿ԳԽԣһֱûдСۡĴڣ
ȴӵоԵĵԳɵۣ
սһ;
ţ
ůֿţһСŮһû֮ǰĽеģ޾ᣬ΢죬أǿǣһĨ۵Ц⡣
ܹܵǿţ
ˣϴսĹȥ˵ھŲ㣿
𣬵սĹѾرգȴûгȻûôֻһֿԡ
սʥĴУ
š
ƴһĨЦ⣬˵ͷû
㣬õսʥĴУ
ЩĿ׷ʵ
սʥȻûɽ磬ǣ֣ȴг֪Ϊһǰδеļ֮
ʱҲ೬ɳʹµ½սʥǣĻشֻһҳΪô
г飬ȻϹսڣ
û֪ΪҪһֱģһλۣĹŵ۾ΪҲһֱ½ںɽۡ
û
˵䣬תһĨʵһս⣬ƶʱ¶˳
ս⣬Ȼܹʵˣ
羪ڼǾϲ
ӵսʥĴУɾʹʸɾͼ´ۣ


877 
ʱİˣƺ뵽ʲôɫߺˣһƿ˷ƣߣ˭Ҫ޸ˣҿû˵
أӲţΪûǷݵǣ»صǽ̬
Ͼıԣ
Ͽȥ쾧Ȼһ͵ɣҲû취ȥġ
ŷ֣ŷƳ׺ȥ
꣡
׵绥Ϊ̶Ƭ׺ģһö쾧ǸĴָָ״С֮ɫСǣ̲صȴľƺöСС쾧ܹһǿɲ
ȻѾ˼µ̡
һ˫ڣ֮ͫڣһĲ̴ڡ
ǾǼ֮
Ӵ˷ֵǿȣ׵һĻȴӰ첻ŷƣö쾧֮ǰ
öƷ쾧֮أֻ⣬п򵽼֮
ã
Ӧһĺ˿ö쾧֮ǰڵ״̬һȦ۾
ʼɣ
һ۱¶˳ûԥתܾƬŵ쾧ǽӴ͵һ׻һѪֱӾ˳ɫҰס
ˣ
Ҫǰֹʱһͣס˽Ųһͼӷؿڳ˳ɢȫָȫڣڣҲһƬӨ
һķ츳
һƬ
˵仹ʲôԷԣǷͼɡ
Ϲʱڣһ˿ƣȻǿǣƾһӲ츳֮У
ɼ֮жô졣

꣡
񱩶ֳ˻Ϣԣֱ֮ӿ뵽ڣʱͺײǣȴз֮ڣǳ֮˳ͼһһĽЩһΧڣҿԪӿȥ

Ԫһˮһ˳֮ЩӿʱбͬһٶѸٵĻȥ󣬼ֹ޷ЩѾƷתܾҲеʮֵļѣתˣξķƣû٣һãһ߷ɣһתܾҪ֮ڡ
꣡
ʱƻ¶׹˸һ绡ԶƺıڳϾʹ֮⣬ǳ鴤䣬ԵЩŤˮ£ûһ˿ɴ
ৣ
С˳ССǲסĶţһĨɫ
׵ʵ̫ǿˣǿҲ޷ס
ܿģ۾һĨᶨٴȥŷƲϵԶţƾ绡ĻȻֹǣǼš
ƺҲ׵壬ⷬΣϴηƵһģ
Ӧû°ɣ
վһеķ˫קǽŵĹۿŷƵĶ̬ƺһвͻ֡
Ȼ¶ĲȴͬѰΪ񱩣ûпںϡ
ȻǣȴҲûгִϾںϣⱾҲǲܵ飬ǣȴˣ
һҪںϳɹ
˸ڴ
ڴ漣

һƬƺУͷ˳ɻá

ƺ֮ϣһ̶ƿ쳹ǱһɲĿУһһɫ־˳Ǵ˵еһ
˵ô칬
һֺƴ쳹أϯƽƺΪһʱ
ৣ
һɷǵӴڶͷ֮ӷɳĿǺӣֱߣϵľǷԭռ֮ˡ
ǣ
ҲǴſЦݻش
Ǿȥɣ
ϴŵЦ⣬
лʦĺ⡣
ˣɻĿ¿ʵʴʦռңС⣿
С㣿
һҡҡͷûС
ûУ
һĨɻ󣬡ôʣѩʦڣ
ѩʦʮǰȥСôʱӦռҰɣ
ҲΪɻĿ
ռң
ӵɫ٣߳Ĭ֪ʱ϶ǲ칬ˡ
ѵĻڼУ
ɵ뵽
лʦ棡
лֿ֮һ»˿ռ̤ȥ


878 Сڵ
ĵ绡Ǻˮһ΢΢ӿ䣬ƺܹأһУռ䶼˿ֲĻϢ
һ׵缫Ϊܼɽ֮ڣһŮһ꣬һͷС׵мλãڵ׵磬ȫΪһɫ׵繹ɵķ赲⣬˿Խ벽
໺𣡡
С˸һ绡ͷХһһĨ׹⣬𣬳˷⣬ſڱǿʼⷽڵ޾׵磬ֱе翴Ŀɿڴ
ôܣһͷô׵֮
ſС죬һʱڸ޷£
̫ˣ
Сˮһ֮ûܵɵʱ޷Լеĸо
ǰʣٴ˳ʶ
һͷӵ֮ӵпռ츳
룬бһ
ͷɳ仹ĵô
ǿĹĪĿռ츳䣬˭ܺӣ
ѵΪԵô
ҲͣĿٴη˷ϣˮڣ˸ż뻶ϲ
ԽǿôʹԽлܹߵһ
ޣ˭Ҫһˡ
ƺ뵽ʲôϸĨ糺죬һڣΪķƶֽ
һŷģѾȫϡ

ԣ֮ǰκԶҪϰٱ
ô˵ڷûлּ֮ǰöƷ쾧Ļôпܻᱻ񱩵ԻӣԻһȻʹޱȣȴûܵʵʵĴˡ
ǳ֮ͼߵϣȻŴͻ˷ǣڻũҩҩԵ£ûиɶĲ㡣
ңŬ£ԪҲѾʼ֮ˣԽԽ֮ԪУܾתҲԽӵ˳ԪȻҲתԽ죬֮ٶҲţֱˮǰļ򵥣쾧ڵ˳ֱ۶£ֱԪ֮ڡ
ôö쾧ֻʱˡ
໣
ٴһС͵һһ˫ԭڵͫâ˸˸һɺ嫵ƴŷ˳ϯ˷
˼ʱ֮Ȼʾ磡
һ֮ٴſڣΧ޾֮ͬʱҲ˷츲صı仯
ȻڵɫҲǴǰСˣһƬƬƬϣöɫĵ⣬էһȥһͷһ
ңͷǣҲֲΪԣ֦һм֮ˡ
оצʱԭצѾѳצˣԵĴʵõ󻡶ȵʱСѾǵ֮ľˣ
ѾͻƵʾӵ˿ռ츳ǳ֮ټڵ׵֮ǷԺ֮һɨĵˣ
£ʱܿľ͹ȥˣڷϵ쾧ѾΪɼˣһ绡뵽˳Ƭڡ

һԱԪ֮󣬷Ʋǳ˿
˵ɲֹʱ䣬ѾһһΪңԶ
ȴûκεķɣѾںֲͬ쾧ǳףⲻǿʼѡ
ʼɣ
ΪҲ֪ʱȣԣũҩҩԵһڵ֮󣬱ǿʼںϵĲ衣
ȣǳ֮һӨӨ˸˸ͼҲһƬڣǲ޵һѾһޱȼʵıݡ
꣡
תԪڵ֮Ŵ̶ƿǳɫ쾧ӿȥ
¡
ͬײһ𣬷죬ԭɫֱӾתˣǣһĨʺѪҺ
ȻŰµرݸˣǣֲͬײǹɼǿĳײ֮ȴǻԼܡ
۷ǿ߶ײڼΪڱζ֪ˣǿᣬȴҲǳܲסѿӣѪ
Ȼֳײƴ˾޴ʹǣЩܹ˵ĵطũҩҩԵ£ܿ͸ԭˡ
ûзûֹͣһֱϵײ񣬾Ƿ桭


879 ôˣ
¡¡¡
ӷڲϴǴһ죬ɲǰڷõһվڵ罿ҲǸһһģ׵ıҧס۵촽ԵʱΪ˽뵣ǣǣԴʱҲ޲ߣҹȥ
ѵ֮ǰںͬԵ쾧ôô
һ뵽㣬һĵʹ԰ףڣˮʡ
ʱƵҲǼΪңϽԱѪֽϵĶϸ׹͸ϣܶطѿһɲĿӣѪʪĵ棬ҲѪ
һȥˣûֹͣ
ȥˣɻڼ
ʱǱռ峤ɳѰȴҲռҷ˸飬Ҳûҵѩˡ
ȥˣ
ɨӣҲûзʲôߣвɵЩ꣬ϾʱѾȥһʱˣҵҲ޼ˡ
ѵѾȥˣ
ôһ룬߶ʱ۾һ
ֿԻǼģ
ϾȻҲʶˣ϶֪ˣȻͻȥˡ
뵽⣬߾Ҫƿռ䣬ǣ۽һɨԶһľڡ
ৣ
һľ֮ǰľݣüͷ΢΢˽˽أ
ԣԵĸӦΪУΪΪԣҲûпĨȥۼȴûϵñˡ
ӵѾȫȥɽݣ˭أ
ߴ˽ȥϸһӦ૵ǿȵԲѵ磿
Ȼ۾һĨ㵣ѵûȥȥˣ
ûԥһͼ˽صͨ˽ȥֽľڵĲĨȥ
ʮֵ죬ƺÿζôһ
ȥأ
ǰãã߲ûгų֣꣬һѡĵȥ

¡
һ쵱Уɫ׵ɫҵĳһ𣬻ų⣬ųǣһ貵̻һȴǴ˾޴ĻϢΧһ˫ɫݾݻٽ顣
ҵˣ
֮ⲻĻǵУڿһɫͬĻ𻨡
ö𻨣ǴףҲ֮ɫǴһЩ֮ɫɫȻ֮ǰôޣǣڰȴǼΪĿ£˿񱩣ѱϣ¶ţ
û˿ԥһС𻨳˿˽ȥ
˺󣬷Ƹǳ˶ڵײٶԽԽ죬Ȼʹ֣ǣ쾧ĲͬѾԽԽˡ
ַ£ǰʱ䣬ö쾧ܹе֮ˡ
ƿԣ
ɫˣӿһϲ
˵ħɽ֮ڼʹù֮һֱȵҪӵµԣ֮ڣԸԳˣ
ô£
ڷҪȥƼϵʱȴȻķ֣Լƽˣƺĳ߱ȼһڷȼǣһа𣬴˳µĿ
ô磡
޷ѹֵڷ˵İ෴ģǺϤ֮ǰһֱڴš
Ͼܹ׬Ȼߵıˡ
ڣ߲߰
磿
һٻӰԺ֮ڣǵգʱа֮Ͻһ׻һǷȼҪԨ
еģԲ֮£
ҧأסĨǲаΪ֮ɡ
ǣŬƺֻͽͶѣΪаǲйȥǾԲģٸߣҲ޷ԭʼѹȥ
ʱƸоԼǴڻ¯֮һһƬ̣ĵĥȸղںԻҪܣҪͣ
꣡
ǿ֮ɫȵϢõվڲԶһ㶣֪ΪΣоȻӿһɻֲ̻̲Ϊһɹûκι
ָоĪȻȴһҪԶԶ뿪
ǣϵƤʱǱպĸһֹǳ죬һð˿챻һ
ôˣ
ѹסеĲǰһл

880 Ѫ
ǼΪѰһʻȴõķǽһĨǱյһ˿Ҳʣһɼ񱩵Ϣڱŷ˳˫һƬ켫Ϊ졣
𣡡
ƱǿɫðĺһͺһͷһȻȻһĨȴɼĳǰļ˹ȥ
ƺɵһվԭĿ˿ϢѾû˿ǵ˶ܶӦ֮ǸоԼ紦¯һһȵĸһ۵ļǱ̳˵ķۺɫ
ޱȵĲʹһδܵоָоİڲĺҲȻ伱

һ˺ĴɫȹǻΪһƬƬ鲼ȥһѩϾ¶˳纬̵ͦĽν޳һλá
֮ϱǼ⴫Ůеķõķеаû˰ϧ֮˫ֱĿѩĴиõΪ֮Ѿ޷԰Ρ
ſң
ַܵõ΢˹ѹһһķжȻһηֱڷƼʵıϵĴšô˿ſң
ȻδµҲѾ֪ٲֹƵĻ潫ҪЩʲôˡ
ȻԸΪӵǴʱȴû˿׼̫ͻȻķ¿ǴʱƾһһѹĽ֮˫ȵ˫ֲϵදһ˿һҲʹ޷ƿϵɽ
ء
һôʱõ޵ί۽ǹſ

ʱѾ޾֧һеķӦǱܱѱɱŴһ˫۾ֱֱһһŷСϡ
𣡡
ٴεͺһȥһסƬ۵Ĵ˱淼Ȫĸо׷ѰٵĿǱ
һڿЯȵӿж˹ҲĻһİļڷƵĴűܵķӦ˫糺ĬĬĽһеķ

һȪõķƻָһ˿ǿǰиһʹٵĴŴеͺźھɫ
ţ
۾֮ЩĿǰꡣ
ܿ찡
ŬѹŴӿΪٵĴߴš
ǵòйǾֻһ·ߡ
ȴٴ˺һ޹ŮҲԸԸ¶ԼİŮĵһΡ
ơ
ֻһĨ⵫ǼǰԾͲȴǵǵɫʱЩԥˡ
ûô
ǳڸƵϼӲ̼͵һҧѪʹ΢ѳһŭ߿찡
Ŷ
类һվͣԭشһʹ
ĥܹѹԼ⻹˵һô
ûѹôϡͿʧȥһҲлһ˿϶ǼĴʱԼץһƬѪģķ֮ɵһӿһĪĸжΪָжʱһһıһľ
ҡˡ
ת֮û֮ǰĻȻҲû˰ί֮е޾Ľߡ
·ѩӨ͸˫履𪶯˷ݡҲ覴ôվλá
ûκԥشȥ
ںԼǴ»ȥҲԸðԼ
ȥ˫ץס˫Ѫõһ绨ʢ


881 Ҳ
ϴĴõԭѾ˷״̬еķһ۾һƬ쾡ǻȵ

һҧѪӷƵڲھѵĺȴǴڻд˸ųһðŰɫȵϢܡ
㡭Ϊʲôߡ
־ȫһӶļΪǳһ
ҡˣ
й̵ƿ˫ʱȻԾͽҪû˿־御̹Ȼͷߺ˫Ƿ۵Ĵ꾹Ȼĸѵ촽ȥ
䣡
Ůķ촽ĴжʱõķƳ׵ı˴޾ֱӽһ˿ɸɾ˿ʣ
𣡡
һͷҰһһ˫۾һƬǿ°һûаϧֱ֮ӽߵ͵İڵȡԭѩļŰֳ֮һĺۼ
粢ûƿӭĶһƬ֮ˮһջ
Ҳ·ԭͼΪ֪оȻȥ
ơ㡭
ĵطͻأгȵ嶥סһ͵ĴԵ˹һĨȻǿɫЩķûз촽΢ҧȴǿ̵١

һžѪ֮лص
ţ
´ޱĴжʱõķ΢ѳһĨǰһһͣ˴³Ķ
Ůʹǲ԰üˮӯ׵ҧ촽Ѫӡֺˮʪ͸ںڵ㷢

õķǴһʱ޾Ȼ΢΢ѹȥ
硭ơ
ʱɫ΢΢˶Ϊʹüͷǽ
ôôɵΪʲôߣ
ھھʹҲ΢΢š
𶯡
һһɾʹõɫһʶľͻ
˻
ĸоõķƲһڵĳʱ͸Ӻ˼ڼٵıʶĳһʱ㻻Ůһһھҧļͷϡ
Բ𡭡
ʹõķ΢ŬѹӿǻɽһһĨۡ
ǵ˵Ļ
ɿ޽ߵһͱ԰׵ֳһĨ̬̺졣

һ§סѩ׵Ľһɸжһ˿ߵһȢģ
ţ
ŮӦһѩźֱ۽ıס˷պĸְһر㡭
⻰ɾͽƵ׵ĵȼһʱⷽ绡ĺ֮ޱߡ
û˿һеķС۾ԹԵΧΧ¡
𡭡
Ҳ֪жŷƵһͺ˱һͬ뵽һĸожڵ֮Ŵӿһ̶˷츲صı仯
ꡭ
ɫ쾧һ绡ƺҪ
ʱö˾Ȼһŵ绡һƬĻһɹǿ
ô£
ڵõѾЩѵķƶʱһ
ϸѾֻҪһͿԽɼ֮
ʱߴĺ
ռǧѵһĳ֮Ӧĳ̶ԶԷ֮춯ڵһʱ͸Ӧˡ
һеԴͷǳԼϡ
ƺ뵽ʲô˵һʱһƬ糺ˮһʺЩˮ
ţ
ֻ΢΢һӦƱ֪һеԴͷڿ½˵ŮһڿˮȴҲ֪ǸǧѷӦһϸϸĸ
ûƷ̲֮صļϵǴڴĶƴʱڸֶ϶̡
ʱƱǲֶ϶΢΢Ķ¾Ȼõķдϲ


882 ɱ
ƴʱȻȴޱȣƷŵҰһʱõ˫죬һһ˫֮ڣˮ˵Сſڣϵ³һڿڷϸ΢϶Ĵ
Ե£˷ֵ޾׵˵Ӱֱû
СĿбӣһֱǰǴڴڵΧĵ绡ˮһΧ׵֮ǱǣγһС
׵磬ǳɫתʱѾ֮ܳΪˣһƬƬƬϣ˸ɫĵ绡Ǿ֮ϵ׵һ㣬ܹƿ׵硣
ͬʱΪֹľ磬Ҳڷٵһʱ䣬ٴͻһϣﵽ˶Ͼ磡
·һ׵ɵĹΪ׵ǳܼʵʵǽһ˸׼֮ھʲô
΢΢ݳĴϣΧĿռ䣬Χĵ绡ϵţ羪ˣܡ
šš
һЩ˲׼֮ڶ϶Ĵһݹ졣
׼֮ڣʱһĶǷ׷Ĩ֮ϣʶĶţǻƺֻΪάĨĴһ
֮ڵĳƷ֮ҲΪĴڣҲһЩϸ΢ı仯ֱ仯۾޷ʲôģӦ
ⲻı仯ʱ䣬̶ܹܳܵĵٶȣڷٵţ
ƷϣǾѾǼµĵزˣҲ˵ЩԭֻǳƷȵ֮ڽ׼֮
һУΪڴ̡
Ϊ̣Ź̲ڳƷ֮ڵỊ̃
꣡
ɫˣƺѾ޷һԭѾںϽȥ׵֮Ȼ˳ңһƳ·Ԫӿȥ
ǣЩ׵֮Ԫ֮ڣǴ͸ԪУ뵽µǿ޼ʵ֮ڣ
ʣЩѾﵽ˼µĳ̶ȣ
ŵһ֮뵽֮ڣƬ׵ΧҲ˷츲صı任
꣡
ɫĵ绡ԭǺ޹˸򣬵ǴʱȴƺܵĪǣγһеʽתеģżʵ׵϶ɵĹ룬޾׵ӿȫǱŹڲ
ԭһֱ۾Χ׵Сһʱ͸ӦΧ׵䣬΢΢һǿ·׼룬۾׼ζңڸӦŴ׼̡֮

ʱƣڵ仺չ׵Ϊģڴ͵гΧ˷ӶȥԽԽӰķΧҲԽԽ㣬Χһ֮ڵ׵֮ˣȫǳһ˹
ô£
һֱѰͻأĲӣĿ⿴ĳһطڣ˸ޱȵ
ѵǸ
ܹоǸ֮ڴ󻡶ȵĲţܹȵĲѵ磿
ţһĨ⣬ǸӶȥ
ʱһӰ쵽֮ΧӴУǰֱӾͽסˡ
Ӱʥ˲
˾֮ʾ֮ˣڵҲܳܵˣǿţԲʲô³
ѵѾͻƵʥ˾磿
һʱ䣬Щתһ룬ԼֱӾͷˣⲻܣڹƣٻҪʮʱпܣ
ǡ
һ˸ţͫ͵һоǡ
ȻԿĴʲôһۣͶˣһҲ޷Ƶ׼֮⣬һͷԶŵ绡Сǻתţϣɢһľ̡
ƿ׼֮
͵һû˿ԥֱۣһֻ׵ֱ֣ӱǳͷץȥ
ޣҲ޷һѰ̬Ҫ²Ϊ
Ϊǿᣬʱ˿ɵԭģ
츳Ȼͬ壬ǣӵһѾ൱һּ֮ˣ
޳ӵ츳֮⣬ǸԻƿһϵ֮
ⲢͻΪǵ츳ϵģ͵츳ֻǵܣ츳ӷǿȣܹԡ


883 
Ȼӵ֮޺ᣬ΢΢֮٣٣ǵĺҲ̳ǵļ츳ƾһ㣬԰Х䣬ɾ۷壡
ҲΪ䣬ҳΪ֮һĳԭ
ûΪӵ֮˵Ĵڣˣͬףܳ޵еĴڣ˿ɿ
ǰһͷӵ֮
ʣвĶ֮
ӵּµʥޣռңҲǵ̰ĴڣһóԻκһ޴ľϲ
ԭһֱΧӿ׵֮С͵һ̧ͷǽһֻ޴׵ƳԼץ˹˸ŵ¶һĨһǲټʧӰ٣ŵæջֱۡ
ˣ
߰һ䣬һĨʣһǿռ츳ҲȻˣ૵Ҳȷû˿ץ衭
֣ռҽ֮ڣôܴأ
ţͻأģһΣд͵һתֱĳһƣ嫵ϯȥֱӴ߻ƿ׺ŲԶͷɫץȥ
Ҫõͷ̻ɱ
Ȼˣ
ֵǣͷûΪ߼ž޴ĲȻλսӲͬķλ³һڿϮҪλ
Ȼ˺ߣСʱŶϾܣܸɴˡ
ңƾΪ磬ɢڵʥΧһƬռƿԼҲ˿û⣬ǣĻȴǺ»ᾪ
ռ츳̫죬ֻҪһʧ޷֮ץ
ԣ͹һĻ棬һͷŲϾȻһΪɲбԵ粽
Ҳоˣͷ֮һֱߣʵΪԼ뽫ԼԼġ
ѵ׼Ĳ磿ˣ
ɻˡ
粻ӵӵУԼӦ֪ڵľƺͷڻ
Ҳ˵׼֮ڵˣͷˣ
Ϊ֤ʵ㣬Ҫ׼봦ȥʱǰͷǼˣǵص³±һĳ˹ҪֹǰĽŲ
ǰߵǿԣһֱδҽһֱԶ״̬ҪǿͻƵĻȴǸˡ
ڴʱ߻׼ڵ磬ԲûðȻͻƶȥ
Ͼǰ񣬺ԣ׼֮ڵڴһֶһǾԻֶֹ
ĻᣬһһҲһһΣΪռҵĳϣȻǳ
ʵģ׼֮ڵĿ϶ӵ֮ˣһ֪ռҽڣǾ㲻磬Ҳпռҵĳӵܡ
˫˸ٴο׼룬Ҫǣʵʰ׼룬˿ֱӽһи͸ʲô
׼֮ϣȴǸܵһϤ
磡
ֱӾͿ϶ֻǣüͷȴǽ
Ϊ׼֮ϣ̶ֲܵͬȵ
ƺǳµĲ
ѵöƷ쾧׼
һô룬бǻȻʣڵĵ⣬૵ռҪһӵ׼֮ˣ
һȥȻͷҲû׷ȥǴеıԵĿԼ
˭Ȼܹӵһͷ˫أ
г˺棬ʮҪ׼뵱еһ˾˭
Ժڵļ䣬ҲҲһƥ
Ͼԭûӵ׼֮ˣȴӵһͷ˫ΪԭһͲȥ顣
ڵĳ̶Ҫȫ׼ֻ֮»Ҫһκܳʱɡ
ɨһ߱жϡ
ȥ֪ͨ
ţǴҴȥɽ
ȷȥ֮С»ص׼ԣתȴǶһݾ֮ģɨܵĶ

ʱɽϣ׹Զ˶ޱȾĿɽϵʢ
һܹɱʥˣˮͰ׳׵磬Ӿ£ֱǴɽ۵ϣһһ˿Ʋëδˣһһġ
һĻˣԶ޷һ棬ĿӡӰ
޿ɳԽģ

һƿߴѷ˳վߣ˽顣


884 
ʲô˫
߲һἰ۷ϵλӱǶˣ׵磬ֱߣʵȷ
˫˵ȵĴڣǳɳĻҲ޷ڣ
ȷ
صĵ˵ͷ
ߣ
һ߽һǴƿնȥ
˵ˣʵҫԼʵһַʽξΪ˽ؼΪ׵ϴӣԴﵽ״̬ڵ־˵Ѿûжˡ
һԵĳעܹӵܣȲҪȥ֤ʵǷ˫Ĵڣ
ֱӾ֤ʵڵҲȲͷҪ
ͻȻȥõ˲Щ⣬һЩ˸üͷ
壬ǶǺʱΪռҵһ֣ȻȥǴŷ˱ΪҪ飡
ⲻɵ˼
ռںɽ֮ڣǾûκȥƵˣƣǻʲôӵҪأ
ʣ϶챦
˼˴бˣͬʱоȻռҾǵõ˺εȵ챦أ

ף
֮ͤںȾƵĻƻǵͻأıһĨ⣬ֱӣ΢΢𣬿ɽô£ѵ˲ɣ
ٺ٣
һʱ䣬µȥгһС죬зëȻĺЦⶼˣҪ飬ҲӦ÷˰ɣռСŮڣӦò̫飬˵ǲǰ
Ŀ⿴һ̾ŵС
ʱСҲ⣬һһۣ¶ļЦõҪŵѩһ㶣ֹ˷š

ѩһ˫ھǿգԶ䣬ûоͷһĹ켣ƺЩʲôʱţıףˮӶͷµأüͷҲ̣ǷݣҰ׵վԵЩоĵૣʲôˣ
һһޣһиûǵĴڣƺѾ
޷⣡
Ӧǰɣ
һ뵽Ƶ֮ȻһʱһŽȻӭж⡣

֮ڣһڿҷΧĴг׵羹ȻǺˮһתȫǳеӿȥ
ңʱƣһֱչţƺֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹⷽ綼ǣһƼİ硣
ʱСҲչֳһʮ׵ˮ״׳ɫĻתţſɲĴڣΧ֮ƣҲѸٵţѾﵽϵٽ㣬ʱͻơ
˫һ׹˸Ϊɨܵ״ʱпܷһĴ
׼֮ڣǰצһĲŷƣʶĶ۴΢΢źϣ³Ϊ˵֮£һһεĸ߷塭
ʱҲһΪؼʱ̡
ڵ˼ָֿԭɫЩƷ֮Ȼȫںϵ״̬˳ӿ޼ʵ֮ڡ
ʵģΪЩ֮Ѿ׼֮ˣѾ޷Ĵˡ
ֹˣѾе׼֮ҲɻģѾгǳ֮ơ
ֽҲΪڴԲŹģһ߻һõЩ׼֮һһεķɱ䣬ǿ
ԣΪ˲һֱǱܵĶš
Ҳܿʹﵽٽˣ׼֮ٶǻʱ򣬷Ҳ˹
šš
ߴõ񲻽һ˲ʱǾ쵽ĳط쳣
塭

۾ǿһɫ죬Եʱ֮ǰһе顣
šơ
΢΢۾ˮһвϵŷջޱߡ
ҡҡ
ֱţ΢ѣʱɫ죬ƫͷȥ۾ֻǣڷϵֱһ˫ȣȴЩˡ
˳棬ƶʱ㽫һԺ󣬵ͷǳǷ۵촽ȥ


885 һ
꣡
ӰռӹһƬ׹⡣
˫ôڽ֮ڣ
΢΢ͷԵʵ
Ҳ̫
ҡҡͷҲɻǣǽľԼĲȫ˵˳
˼׼֮ڳ֮⻹һˣǸˣͷˣ
üͷ΢΢֪ΪΣӿһɲõԤУƺʲôһЩ
û
нԼ̽ķӦϸĵ
š
ӳڵ˸磬칬ѩʦһôѵѩʦ

һ㵵ĵⲻܰɣѩʦʣôöƷ쾧أ
ߣ
ԣһһĨâǵСʦǵó
ǡ
ŭæͷӦǣȴɻ
ǹϢۺӦòŮӵС
ڣȴǲ˵ˡ
ҵҪ˭ȻҴռҽص쾧
˵䣬һɼ嫣Ǿ쾪װƴڱŷΧռҲΪ֮һȦȦϯ˷
ΪϣռӵԵӵܣһδԣֱӾͶռӵܵĿܣ
ռӵܣȻԴԼռҵĽأҵһöƷѾм̵쾧ⲻŭ
칬ˣҲԲԣ

ĿԼеľɫŮƵǲһĻȣھǻϲ
ԭ뿪ǣȴѡ¡
÷кǸжԼȻûѡˣ
ô
ͷҧסŮǾӨ͸Ķʵ
ߵõ罿΢΢һʶӣ۾ǿ˫ʱ֮ӿһ޷ۣһ뵽ʻȴЩգĨ̺ӿϣΣ޽ߵģõķƻزǣ̲סһࡣ
Ͻϰɣʱ򡣡
һ죬ǿסеļ¶źֱۣƿ
ţ
΢΢һӦƱǸоˣʱΧԼȵļУŨһΪµĳ̶ȣǿһ磬һܾΧ֮Ƿĳӿȥ
ڷƵĿ£ǳ֮׼ּ֮֮һͬӿζֱӳӿȥݺݵĳöԲ°ġˡ֮ϡ
ŷѾ붨״̬վ˫Щ
̫ˣҲЩܲס
ϵɫɵıߺǴһ׵ɫȹǴ

һȹ˿ôվĿǰ꣬ǰģһСһ

ɶһµ֮ĳ£ˡ֮ϵһϿͻأһĨϵĶƺ

һֱעšˡķƶʱǿһ˲ı䶯֮γɼ׶״ֱӾͳǸϿ׳ȥ
䣡
ƺƴļ׶ҵײǿƱϣľ죬ǼʯͷһֱѿΧŰȥ
֪ķƲûа㶯ݣڵ֮һһĳϿס
Ȼ֮ϿۿɼٶڵţݷƹƣӦò˼ܳ忪λ
һ뵽ܹʵĺôһȣǼӴ˳
ֻҪܹʣʵʣõһ󻡶ȵǸʱƾͼԿԳ۷
ҲֻŲκˣ
໣
ͻأģ׼֮⴫һڷע⡣
ô£
Ȼе˼ǣȴǳ˼ż
˽ˣ
һ㶣ɫһףѵѾˣ
£֪Ѿȥ˶ãһ뵽̬ԣһס
ǱץסˣƶᱻɱͬʱҲܵ𷣣
Ҫ֪öѾм̵쾧ܹռҴһλ׼֮˵ʥ͸ˣֱ൱Ϊ
Ҳµģ
ǰɫΪʹ꣬΢΢սȭͷ


886 հ

޾׵֮Ǻˮһţγһھ޴У׳ǣȴ˿˸ҿ
ৣ
ƿԶһļ٣̣һһߣվ⴦ӴбԵֹס˽Ų
໣
һֱŵС״ʮ֮Ӵڳ׼֮ǰ̧ɲͷ­˫׹˸˸˳ХвζŨ
߰վʳ۷Ĵڣoһ㣡
ȻʱԼǰ˵Ķ֣ǣԼԺ϶ܹˣңоԵܹ˵أ
ǿռ츳ƣ
ռ䣬ڣ˴˵أÿһǿռ䣬һͿĴ󣬲κκۼ

СĴڣһĨȣӵһţ૵˫ʥǸռӵУʱдá
ȴҲûгץΪԼҲûаٷ֮ٵŽͷ¡
һɣôܾ֮һѡ䣬ҲԸĪٶȡ
Ȼܹ׾ٵ˺ƿռ䣬ȴҲ޷ĴôһĿɾͲһˡ
ǺˣȻܹӵһͷ
Ŀ⿴ĵ׼룬вɵҲЩʡ
Ҫ֪ռҵ峤˵裬ҲûмٴΣͱ˵ץˡ
Ȼ桭
Ȼ͸׼ǣ΢һӦӱʶĲⶸȻһޱȵ滹һӣ
ǳۺϢŮӵеģҲ˵治칬ѩ࣬һӣ
ʲôˣΣˣΪݣĸףռ峤ĵհ죡
߰ԣ
Ĵʣռڣٵ츳ӵܣһۣ˭Ҳ޷飡
ǴʱȻһδ֪Ӵһ׼֮ڣⲻõհЩȻ
˭ȻȻ۹ߵȥ˵Ůˣ
ţȻߣǲҲôһ˺Ҫ⾿ǺηʥȻܹԼŮڡ
ʣѵռ֮ˣ
۾ɻ
ԣӹˣڿӵ׼֮ˡ
ˣռҵ̼Ĵڣ
Ҫ֪ͨ쾧ˣƾǿԣѾܱʥֲεʴˣӵ׼֮ˣʵضᷭǿĳ̶ȣη壬ɱͬ壬Ҳ÷Ѵ֮
ҪǣǸһȻӵһͷ˫Ϊ
հΪĵĵط
ѵΪͷ˫裬Ըӽ
ôһ룬հвһĨȻ
ڵԣ׼ǸһԭӦͨʣΪöмϵ쾧ټԲųɹĽ׼
ˣռҲ׼֮壬Ҳ޷ڣһе⣬ͷ˫
ȻͷʱûгɳռԵͷԻ̵ʱڳɳ
㣬հ컹Ǻŵġ
Ըռ֮ˡ
հһĨ⣬һɵѹ˳õһԵ߲һɫЩס
ʵµма˳ɿȷ׼ˣԼռҵˣ
Ϊʲô
ռ֮ˣ츳Уǣƾͷ˫ҲԿΪӵܣô͵͵ʱǱأ
Ҳûʱ֣ȻҲ׼֮ڣ˵磬׷ĪǣŻܹԼߣ

ˣǵϣ
׼֮ڣ΢΢һӦ֮৵һ±Ĳ԰
ǼΪԼ׵ƢȻԼܵҴ棬ǣƾԻᱻɱ
ϲģ
ô죿ôźأ
ھǻңԵЩ޴롣
ˣѹܹ÷ƵȫǣǰҪԽԼĸռҵ峤ݣͬ裬ô
ʱµľǵ׼һɢհ᲻˵ĽƸɱˡ
ˣҾԲģ
ڵĻ𽥵ƽϵһļᶨ
ԼǴʲôʱʼںģΪԼժȡĳҩΪԼһ


887 һ
꣡
һǺӰһǾɭһ˻񱩵׵߻໷ƣһγһ׶ھ֮ҡϣȻݺݵĴԲ°ġˡ֮ϡ
¡
꣡
һ죬һǲ쳹˳ƶһǷ֣ˡ֮ϵǸλȻǲƬһģѿһϸ΢ĺۼʱӿһɿϲǼӴĳÿζ׼ѷڣڵʮߴεʱϿױ׵ĳ忪ˡ

һ貵ĹλֱȾˣţһĪ˳˲תưڣ϶һ㵭Ө⡣
̵£ڵʣھǣڽ
һʲôĸо
޷ݣ֮ǰʱĸоֲһƺǶʲôƺ֮ϱһȴһֱܹͨأǣָоƺǺǿңƺܵʲô谭һʱֻģģĸӦĴڶѣ
΢һ룬ƱˣΪˡϵϿײûȫ򿪣ֻϿȫܴﵽ˺һسʥ
һϾˣ
šˡǱ򿪵Ͽףһ󼤶
ʱܶ˵ңɼĴڣǰԼһ㣬⶯ָͷǣʱ䣬ԼѾվλϣܹնɱˣ
һʱ䣬вһɺ飬ܹ˷еԼǰ谭
췣ɣϣҾԻȫͨģ
౻İ˸ϿףһƬᶨ
죬ηأΪսԣս
Ļη壬ǰУôս᲻ˣܴ޷ս⡣
ܲܳϣ
Χӿڵ׵֮ƲЩ̰뵽
ǣٴεڵ֮ĳڵġˡϧϰٴΣȴû˿Ч˸Ͽףûа㶯
һʱǲܳڶˡ
ƲЩʧȻһֱ׵֮ӿڣǣʱƣҲԽӵȥֻ¾һֱҲ޷忪ڶˣ̾һˣ˵ز˾ռǽǾ޴ˡ
ȻоڣϻԼʱ䣬ǣռҽأɲʲôĵطΪ
ңεջѾǳ֮ˡ
ǵõ׼֮ͻƵһϣֱ˫ϲŰ
˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ôˣ
ڷ۾֮󣬱Ƿ쳣ʱһӿһɲõԤУվ磬ıʵʲô£
ҵ棡
һƬҰףСϾǻҵɫץŷƵֱۣ
ϣ
ԣƵɫҲһ䡣
ռңǿ֮һĳȻĵռҵλΣǣһȴռҵϣ
ϣܼô
ͫ𣬷Ʊ͸׼뿴һ˿ΰӣһ෢վԶбԵҲһֱעԼߵ
ţ
հƺоעԼʱһĨɨ˹ȥȴǷ֣׼ڡ
Ҫô
һɨۣǷǰѾȥƺǹѾֲ˶ˣʱɫǱȥû˿¶oȴűߵĳ֡
Ȼ
һĿɨʱõķһëȻ죬һĨ֮ɫ
ǸˣٲȻǵվɽ۷Ӱ
ʵģռ峤ɣ
ˣ
ʱΪλ˵ʧ̬ˣʱвһ󾾽
Ȼ֪ԼռҽǺεľٶʱǵĲԼ硣
ˮµΪεȵơ
壡
Ҳ鷢ڶΣ
ƽ˽ȭͷһƬᶨ
ϣΪԼ˾޴Ů壬ռҵ˲˵ܲǱӳɹǳɹˣռֿܷŹԼˣ
Ŀǰʵռң·һ

˿˫֣Щ˫ģǴһĨЦ⣬Ŀ˵İɣ£


888 
֮ڣһͷӴһһߣңңԣ޴棬ԭʵһ׼룬ۿɼٶţΧӴûǼǿҲܹͣӰ쵽ķΧҲԽԽС󣬲Ǽʮˣңתٶȼƺʱпֹܻͣ

һ㶣֪˷룬ҡͷŵĵ˵ģߣҵԻɱģ

ס˫磬ֱ˫˵ңһģ
ףҪɱԼǶָͷ飬ңΥ˹ԼҲûַռңǴѣ
Ϊһɵˣţ
еĳһУΪʥ˲ʥ¶ʥĹԼҲģʵˣԼӵܲܵɿܵĴѡ
㣬ڶķƣһǷǳˡ
󳬷϶ɱӺǣǷԼͷϣ˭ΪһֻСϣȥһ̶δ֪ĵˣ
ҲǴȻǸͿˣҾǵǸҲհ峤Լȥɳһ߸ʽ㹻ˡ
Ͼ⹫Լƺɷϳ
ˣΪ˲絥еΣվ
Ϊˣ
š
֪ΪΣŷ˫۾縡Ȼƽֱ£ĵ˵ͷ
Ǻǣô˵ҲŮô
Ϊ˵գЦһЩʵ˵õߺ
һ뵽֮ǰ飬ǽߣͷҲ̧СŮ˵ģֱ÷ƿֱ۾
һʱڣ˾Ȼ˼ҪԵ飬ôӵһ𣬰ļ䡣
һ̣ԵУ˽׶Է⡣

ҲˣԼİһ㹻ˣҲҸġ
׼뻺ɢȥҲ¶˳ǣֵһŮհɫһһĨΪĵ⣬һζֺƴѹǵصĳӿȥ
ĻһĨ죬ʶ˺󼸲վʧ̬ķչ
֣Ϊĸ磬һİһ𣬸ҪǣƺͻһϾ磬ʣƺ
ԣ
ھǴ㵵ɫ
ʱհѹȴѾ˽ķǰ
ߣ
ɿƣǰһվ絲һתսһʵʰսڳһ񽣣â£ɱһУߵ׺Ҳƿˡ
һĻȻհУɫ΢ЩתȴŷѹҲû˿Ҫƾѹİֱѹ壬Ȼѯһеɡ
ǣ
ǳϫһӿϮΡȻ壬ſڿһʵʰսγһΣֱɱȥ
꣡
εƽ棬ΧĿռ侹Ȼ쳹һ̶ƿ׺ڣӿϯܣܱ׵ǧĵ棬ȻҲγһɲĺۼ
ôܣ
磬հ죬ϣ˽ЩĿɿڴڣһƬ㵡
հΪΣԼҲһЩǴʱǲͻһϾ꣬Ȼѹ
ʵʰս⽣âŷ֮ǺƴһƣȻǲƥһıƿ룬Χϯ
ѾǿˣƺƿֶΣȻܹɱհǺƴƥˣ
ֱǲ飬ҲδŻ߷ǴʱȴʵĴǰ
ս⣡
ǷӦ˹
˵Уսʥ춼սҸҶԴ۰ν
ѵ˵۵ʱĵۺô
ǣΪսʥһ޾һеľģɱ˴۵ӭսۣɹһУ
ʷǰ飬ȴǱˣ
ԣսʥ֣ǧţڣÿһļ¼ңһֱתȥ
ƣΪսʥĴߣͬһ޾һеľģ
ֻҪ޾壬սͲݽߣ޾һеĴ䣬κѹҲ޷ѹ壡
ôģ
֪һУǣհȴǲ֪˼ãҲҲ𰸡
ߣҾͲˣ
һһϵ꣬ȻܹȻĴԼѹ֮£հҲһɲޣʱƶȻһǣƿΧ׺ӿȵĳŷӿȥ


889 ս
¡¡
羪ף쳹أ𶯾հ첻վ˸ɢȵѹ˫һƬһһ㴣Уģ˸ֱӡ
ǰһһǺХһƲˣԶվŵӿȥƺҪ֮ûУֱӻ塣
ԶԶģƱǸܵϢƣѪҺһ̼ˣϣˮ죬ɫҰףѹЩˣֻǣ˫֮ڣȴǼᶨɫûа㶯ҡ
ǣ
һҧ⣬ʹȫӲļɳڵѪҺٴοʼ޾ս¶ƣɱһУ
ɱ
ĺХǰ˷һŷΪƣһ񽣣ֱɱĺ
꣡
񽣣ֱӲ볱ϫ֮У缤ʯԷӿĩգѹȴ˿ƶ벽
ΣհĶˣ
ǰ̫ˣֱ޷ݴʱԼ顣
ԼɵѹȻһʾסˣһһʳһϾ꣡
Կ϶һʥˣʱҲԻԼǰ
Ҳ˵ʥҲ޷飡
Ȼ츳ܹ޾һô
հһĨâĶ
츳֮ˣȷѾ˰֮ģ
ԼռҵĺӵܣҲûжܹһģرǣԼѹ֮£Ȼз֮
ʱ˿̣ΪԼŮΪͷ˫Բſˣ
Ҫԭ򣬻Ϊıƾ޾һеԣһ㣬һǰδеĸ߷壡
ԼڵЩӵܣǰڱԼ츳ǰǺεȵĸ߰εȵİ
ǣΪߣ
һб䣬츳Լǿ벻ɿʱǵİͻ޴棬Ҳᱻ˲ݻ٣
ʣǰ飡
츳
ǲӵ׼֮ѣˣռҸȱ
ʵ
հ۹Ȼĳǰ겻һʵ˶ѣңӦþǸղ׼֮ڽƲͻƵġ
֮ˣȻԼ⣬հ޷ٱƽˡ
ռ֮˾ͺˡ
̾һΪûռѪ
ʱҲļӴѹ
ˣԼȻѹסһʾ꣡
ǣ
ƵɫҲЩӲסĶսڳ壬ֻǣǾ޴ȴһֱˣһĺۼǣûаη壬Ŀ⣬ʮֵɱһеģ޾սĶϵӿݽߡ
ơ
վҲһ֣ΪհԷƣûܵĳЩѹĻҲݻٲˣֻǣȴǼΪǷƵڣ˸һ˫Сֽק
С̾Ͽգһ˫һͫھĮֱհϣƺҪ˼С
ѿѾܹжϴʱˣԣǱҪ֣Ʋ⣡
ȻռҽڽֹأһĿռ䣬ǣаܹȥ
Ҫ
ޣǼΪǳģϴλźһ

ߣ
һֱӲŵ꣬հɫԽԽˣһֱӾͽѹӵ߳ɣʱؾɫضҡǰȫƥѹЯŻصĴƣֱơ
һ̣ƴѹ֮£ûаη壬෴ģһɲӵ
뵽ᶨ֮ڡ
ƾʲôҪѹԼ

һ֮Ǵ۷ˣ˭裿
ѵԼǺ۸ô
һŭڳֱ飬ϵս⣬ʱԪһ˳
һ̣ԭһֱûжչս⣬ٴͻˣʱӵеս⣬Ѿܱܣ
ȴûиоֻ֪ԼǳķŭսҲУת
ɱ
սڣһһɴս۶ɵĴ󽣳ڷϣһսһŹĴƣûʵʵĴ󽣣ֱնȥ

һأӿĴֱնƣһ޴ӳǰײֹס


890 
һĻޱȵģ磬հ죬ϣʯ״̬սһ꣬Ǿþ÷Ӧ
߳ưǰѹҲ׵Ľʥѹ壬ϣֱѹ顭
֮ϣ˵ƣҲܣ뱬ʥܵ
ǣʱȴǱһʳ׵նˣ
ǲ˵ӵеѾհô
ǲԪ
հͫ͵һޱȵ𶯡
֮׳ѹƣ˵ÿһ˶߱ʵ֮ҲԽǿܹʵʣ
ǣ֮ȴεģȻܹѹһ˵ǣݻȴ֮ͬ˸ЧΪֶΣֻѹȵͽ֮ˣ
һǿһĵزͨˡϣܹͨصʱֳܹʵˣ
Ȼʵʣǿ󣬻ܱͨԪܶѣ
հ죬ǿ󣬺ʣѹѾܹ֮ɱ
ǣǰһʶѣƾʲôӵʵʵңǿ죬ȻܹɱԼ߳ѹ
һ˲䣬հ뵽˰׻һ壡
䣬ֻа׻һ˲ѹΪҪĹңǼ֮ģ
ʾļôпܿԼѹġ
ϾǿҲҪȥĴѹΪټӴҲԲ׻һܴﵽ֮ܣҪǣӵбȼΪǿֶΡ
ԣѹƾΪѻġ
ԣⲻǰ׻һѹ壡
ܿ죬հַԼĲ롣
Σһ壬ǾԲӵа׻һļѹ츳ģ
ңоӵеģѹҲơ
ǣս⣿
ս⣬ǧҲһ޳Ǿսʥ
Ҫѧǣȫʧܶա
ѵ
͵һ뵽һֿԡ
ϴΣҲˣս촫лᱻ˼̳Уԣ͵͵ܳȥҲûмǣȴΪһΪӰ˸õˡ
ݶѪħӰհȷǸԺη
Ѫֻһط˲ӵС
ѵǲӰ
հһڷɨӣȴûзϢĴڣѵķʽڸô
ɫһƬ䣬˸ɱȻһɹɾƣӶΧĿռ䶼Ǳһɲѷ죬¶ռ䡣
Ҫ
ǵضɱ罿һһڷǰе

հһһĪƣֱӾͽοһԣһ״ڱֱϮơ
ն
ûаԥս֮ǳ֮׼֮۳һֱӭס

£ΧĿռ䶼ǱһڵĺۼӶ֮࿹ֱѣ׻ڷƵؿڣֱӶѪſҲ׷˳ȥ׿⣬ѪУ֪

žѪ粻һеĳŷȥؿڱһѪףѪ꣬ھˮ£ʵƣû°ɣ
ȿȣ
ţֽȳѪǿһĨοЦ⣬ĵҡһˡ
ǵ׼Ϊۣܼ󣬲ȻؿڣǣɵĴȴǺܴȻʱشǣȴ
ȻǵڶʱͻȻѵĻô˶ᱻ飬ֱӻᱻɱɾ
Ȼ˵հʧˣΪ֮÷ʧȥ˵ֿ
ȴһ㣬ӵũҩ䣬һλʵ켶ҩʦ
Ȼ˺أǣӵйķƣָٶȳ˵󣬿˵ûҩΣĴˣƾʾȻĻָ
ĺô
ʱ䣬Щܵ˵ľѾָĲˡ
ʱհ
ٿǰʲôϵǾ۾Ϲˡ
ѪħӰô¾鷳ˡ
ǴȥҲ޷簲ȫ
໣
ϵСŭХһΧ޾׵Ϊƣǿ籩һ㳯հӿȥҪֹǰеĽŲ
Ȼ˲ֺԣǿ
ٶȲֱŷ˹СĹ


891 һ
ܸӣ壬ǿģȴһԵƣǾ࣡
˵壬ƽʵϣǣȴҲ޷
ΪĲ
ͬԽǿ壬ǵķͻԽԣǸǿӴ壬ҲΨбá
ķ̫ǿˣûĸܹ⣬ΪҲһЩǿߣҲΪЩǿߵĴڣԣܹؼ䡣
壬ӹҲֵļΪŽᣬΪŽᣬô嶼ᱻЩǿ̲ɱ
սĹѪħӰհݶȷӰ壬һǿ壡
һ壡
ԣŻ˽ţлһ˿ɻڸղţͻὫƺɱ
壬һֱǽɣ
ͨ壬ռ峤ĵҲ޷סҲұӻȻռҶᱻˮгĴ
㣬հзǳ
ʱҲо
˵ǰ겻ռ֮ˣܹ츳ӵ˫Ϊ裬׸ռңҲǿԿǵģҪ˸Ͼɱ
ԣհʱΪЩˣ
Ӧ˼ҵԭʲôأ
ԲΪ߳ŭ
ϴʱȴҲûվԭأ̬ķչ
㲻ɱɱҲ
հıŷƣе
໣
СҲ˻м䣬̧ͷհХǳ֮׵֮³ӿȥ
ߣ
հŲδְͣ˰ڣֻǣȴһĨɻ󣬡ף
ܵ쳣ٴοС

һץץһǳ֮΢΢һӦѿںȻҲǼ֮
ֱ޷Լ۾ģ
ʲô

ôܴ֮壿
죬ʱҲӿһ޷𺳡
ѾǳĴˣҲյ̣ʲô
ǳ֮
һۿȷֻǣȴ޷ƽͷλǳ֮ģΪξȻûб
Щ벻ףȴҪ𿪿⾿ô¡
䣬ûܹͬʱӵֲͬļ֮ͬû취ںϣǳʶǰͷɾǳʶĴڣ
ǳֻ֮ǳۺҲܼ̳ô
뵽ǳ֮ٴɻ󣬴ʱԺڵʣһҲò
ǰ飬̫ˣǸҲͬ
ҲΪ£ͣ˽Ų
˭
հ쵭ĳʵ
Ҫ֪ģָоӦòѪħӰΪһ壬Ǹ߰壬£ǿɲмȥ

һǱ˷ơ
ʣ˭
հӴǾһը죬

ƶ˶ȴΪؿڵشʹϾǶ˵
ơ
ң
ֱ
ķ£վȴΪǣ˿ڣֲɵĿȳѪǲҰ׵ĺɫӣõǻҡ
һģѾȫˡ
Сڣ
ưοֱһ
໣
Сڵĺ壬Хһ޴ٵСȴߣĿհ졣
ʱѾûϣķ£հңңԣȻǣȴ޾ɫ
ˣƣ
صĺ˿ǿ˵
ƣ
֣հвɵ΢һɡ
пҵˣ
ԭΪͷӵǳ֮
Ȼ޷͡
ֻҪ壬ȴһ˿ء
ǰǿķǳˣԼŮѾһˣԼɱ꣬ôҲ͵ɱԼŮ
ȻлǼ붯ɱˣǣΪԼŮ
Ҫ֪츳ɲԺ󣬿ǻΪռĴڣ
ˣ㲻ԼŮռҲʧ
峤ҵ⣬޹أϣ峤ܹˡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴסſհ˵
ô
հ䣬˫Įû¶˿Уֱŷƣ֪ôռҽصĺ
һ˳е
ǿؿڵľʹվֱӣᶨ˵


892 ¶ʵ
ʱհǸӵġ
ǰ꣬ĸ棬ǶǱֵļ㣬ԼЩ츳˶Ҫǿ̫ˡ
һ㣬ûĸܹƽ͵Լ
ҪǣĳǰĵϲԼŮ
ռӵܸöá
вٴ̾Ϣһ
ǰռӵܣʱĵλ΢ˣҲĬߵһ
ǣǰ겻ռ֮ˡ
ң
ҲǸ۵ļ壬ǳ۵ķɣڹżУҲνǧš
뵽½ϵһЩأ˿
Щأܶ˶Ѿȴˣʮ۹ҲҲûӴǣΪ֮һĳռҵ峤հȴ֪١
ȴ벻ͨΪ⴫ѪħӰõս촫Уȴˣ
ѵξȻ˵õս촫У
ǰ꣬ɻˡ
ԣԲܣΪղ׼Ĳǳϡ
صԼҲ޷
ˣ
ԼΪȻ͸һʾֱ꣬ǲ顣
е
հɫƽ۾΢΢һɱɱ˳ֱٷƣеǾ
ɭɱйιǣɽ绤ǿ֧ش壬ԣ޾ɫ
£հһûѡɱԼƾףҲ黹ת
ѪĴӴɫףЩȴɴƾһڼš
ΣҲȥΪԼеЩΣûԼǸ߸ϵռСûԼͲڵ顣
վ磬죬ȴҲû˿Ļ֮ɫһƽᶨԶĸףɫΪĮ
Ŀ⣬飬õհĲŷҡҡλɱ⡣
ףԼŮ½ȥΣôʶģ
ʱˣڷµ½ȥȥôܷأ
磬
հ̾˿ɱ䣬ŲΥ
ȥɣ
ƲͷͶԹһЦº͵˵
ơ
һĨӣԥǳհȥվĿȴһֱڿŷƣհͻȻһ
ҿԵû
һߵŮհ΢ҡҡͷٴοƣǵĮ飬΢ϲʱٴ˵ǣԺ㲻ٽӽ磬ңͷ£
һͷӵпռ츳׼֮ǳ֮ʥޣɳԻΪµĴڣ
һö쾧ʥܱȵģ
ôһ˵ԶϲǺ˿кһҲĬĬͬհ˵Ĵʽ
ֻǣȴõɫǺתȴɶɫ԰׵Ŀ
ԣ
ƻû˵ǻҵҡͷеŮҲҪһ𣡡
Ļʱõհɫһ
ŴαƣҲǲ죬ȴûнŭͷϣǱĿơ
ô㲻Ըô
Ļгв
һõ飬Ƿ׿˵ԺҲô˼ңռһԵõһͷ
뷨λ᲻֪ɫŮвɵһʹҲڷ
һУΪԼǿ
ʱԼӵоԵʵܹѹռҵʵһУͻᶷת
峤
˿ᶨĵǾԲܷģҷȢˣ
ϵĻ쳹õԭЩ̵ֱ̻ӷ԰׵ǣһĨ۵Цݡ

հ첪Ȼŭ˫ĿһɣһĪƾϯΧ׵ȫкǳƾ㣬ҲŮ
Ȼۣǣȴ޷ռȻᲢۡ
Ҫ֪˵е񣬾ռҵʼ棡
ңҪǣ֮壬ռҾԲ֮ģοֳʣ
Ҫ˵ʲôǣʱȴĽãֻżĿŷơ
Ǻǡ
ֻЩʹڣû⻰еߣɵһЦ峤Ϊ䲻
¡¡
˵䣬һڵǳ֮׼֮ȫ籡ֲͬµγͷ̾ᣬֱӽΧʮ֮ڵ׵뿪ȥƺƴƥģ


893 սһ
һۣհ϶ϳɺεȵ۶ɡ
ּ֮
пӿ޷ƽ
׼ǳ֮
ϲѿڽгϾǾ㵡
ȻǱɫЩƣǣĸоǾǱԣֻȴףΪ֮ɫ
հҲһĨɻоɫҲֹǱô򵥡
ʲôҪǣǼ֮Ͷˣ
ּ֮һ籡ǺεȵģǼʶ㣬ʱҲЩز
ֻøпһʲôˣʲôĳ
ͷȻȱ˱Ҳ൱֮ô
ҲЩزϴμʱ򣬷ƿһּ֮Ҳ߱ȻҲаʥӵˡ
ʱ䲻꣬ȻѾӵּ֮
Ǻεȵ׳٣
Ϊʲôܹܹܲͬļ֮
ǲףǰΪͬʹѩ࣬ǣѩȴǲϸǸʱףƵʺܲһ㡣

ĿͷɫĴ֮ϣૣ񡭡лл׶ʱ׸ʥ飿
ˣ֮ˣһʱ䣬оȻӿһĪļ
ӵ֮ķƣһ̤ʥףʵĳ̶Ƚٴδ󻡶ȵǸʱ򣬾ԼʣҲ޷Ĵڣ
ʥ֮£Ȼӵм֮ǣⲢܹӳ֮ܣֻСˡȫܹͨصʱ򣬼֮Żᷢӳе
Ŀռ츳ʥ֮ǰӵпռ츳ֻһƣǾܹĴռ䣡
ǣһʥܹ֮ͨأͲǴռˣܹһΧƿؿռ֮
ռ֮൱Ĺ죬˸ʤɫܹ۷ԭ
ܹĴռ䣬ܹƿؿռ֮˵Ĵڣ˭֮⣿
ԣǿǷ磬Ҳǽ۷Ĵڣ˸ȥǣ

ǵķӦƺ⡣
ʱӵּּ֮츳˵ĵ˭˭ѹ
໣
ʱһɰڳͷ쳤Хƾϯ˷һһ㴣Уˣ
ΪϵĴڣ
ʱհжǲôһͷ
ضѹס
ҪôҪôܵ
հھâ˸ķ˿̬ʱѾСȻٷ뿪ˣ
ӵּ̫֮ˣǳɳضһռңԺҲûмܹѹס
ң˭ܱ֤ĵˣ
ţհ첻Ц
ԼȻƲһʵ

һֱǴ⣬ǡ
һǺŶŮвһ̾
ɱǸ꣬ɱԼŮ
һʱ䣬õѵС
ɱҲǣɱҲǣѵô׵ķŹ
ֻôһ룬հоӿһɷȻ
ǱԼҽأһöͬʥĳƷ쾧һԼռҵı¼ôõ£
ңԼӦЩڵϹŶ˭ϴӦ
磬ռңɲԼŮô򵥣츳žĵλЩϹŶɲΪԼŮչˡ
ǿΪ磬ʵ츳һУ
ƾССʣ
ţհɫָ˱䣬Ųм
츳ǿΣʱԼָͷ׵շһֻһ϶ѣ
ûʵ͵ò˵أ
⻰õ˷ƵҪȭͷսҲЩ
峤֪ɸССսһ
ĺ˿ѹ˸ƵĿ˵
⻰һʱõ񣬿ǿڱ˵Ҳ
츳Ȼհ죬ǣϣԨ֮޷ȥ⣡
⻰հҲһ㶣һʱЩӦ
ŹԼʥˣܶʥ֮¶ʥ룬Ϊ֮һƶˣ峤᲻ɣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬷Ҳ飬ҲΨˣֻܶһѡ
Լܿռ峤ôʹԼ츳ƶ˲ԼԺĳɾͲ
ּǿߣռңҲҪ˼ˣǵ˻ѣѡ
Ϊܹõ磬Ѿ¶ԼڵĵƣֻнסԼлᣡ


894 ܰ
֮ڣ˵绡ƿֻϵĻﻹ쳹ôģЩ޷š
ãһսһ
հǷӦɫǲÿǣûж¶ǵĮ
ˣ
Ѿǵˣƺ¿ʼһֱڣˣһʮˣЩˣ󲿷ֶ˽ŵ¡
ռ峤֮󣬾ûٸơʱȴǱһʾĺ󱲸ˣ
ŭ֮࣬ǰҲе졣
ĺ
ѵƾǰӵԣ
㲻ʥΪռҵ峤ֶܹͨ죬ؼѹһʣѹ
οԣȫּܹ֮ܣ
ܽУôҾ͵ûз㰲ȫȥ
հ˸һ绡ԶƺƥĲ
ڴ˻û˵Ҳҷ
Ƿԣ峤Ȩô
ңǰȻ츳ǣҪհȣ֮
˵Ǿ磬겻һϣհȴܹϵܣܹУǣӲʧܵˣ
ʱѾԴ󣬾ܹ֮˷ͷϣǹһĨЦƺڵȴܵһ̡
Ŷ꣬簲֪ΪΣоȻţԵܹԼĸס
Ǻǡ
ѾԭĴڣѹеĲ죬Цһҡҡͷ˵ҵ˼ܽʤ峤ǷܹҹӭȢ
⻰õͫ׶ʱһ磬Զȥ

հ첻ŭЦЦ죬ΧĿռ䶼Ǳˣһۿɼĵ绡Ҳȥ
Լ
ʱȷ֮仰û˸ҶԼ˵
ãһң
ƴͬף˺ǣˣҺļҲ޷ܾǣ̫ˣ
꣡
ĵ绡籡oһһͷ׳Ϊ˳ҡҷˣŷƼ˹ȥ
һô
һĨâûаη壬ĻЩ
ǿߣҲҲ˶սսʵ̫Чˣ

һս籡ͷϵۣһâңɱ졣
ɱ
һ񽣱ǳͷɱ˹ȥ;У׺ƿ֮ϣѾͷˡ
¡
ҵײһ𣬾ը촫һӴĢľХľϯ˷µһУǾ׵֮ǧĴؾƽ
ƾУ
˽õ˶ʼδһֱڵǵеʱҲǼΪھǾϲɫ
ԶԶ벻Ѿɳһôĳ̶ˣ
ҲԼܹߵһ
ţ԰׵ϸһĨ糺졣
ƾУ
հ졢УʵѾǷռϷˣ
Ҫһʶѣ
ΣհĶˡ
ǺѾ򵥵֮ˣ棬̺ս֮ԣâŻ˵Ϭ
ôݣ֮һüƷıս֮ķУ
ҲΪˣս֮ں£֮ܣʵѾӵ˼¡
ôһ㣬ǰѾӵּ֮ˣ
˻
հ֪ʱҲһ
̫ˣ
ļֻ֮ҪܳɹʥףǽһֲµĴڣҲǿֳĴڣ
Ժ󲻵ˣ
Ϊռҵ峤Ϊ峬ƶˣòһЩΪ֪ˡ
£꣬Ժдã
ҵҪ㾿˶ٵƣ
հڵâһ˼
Ϊ죬֪ߵغ񣬶ǣоԵĵԼһ£
ǣƾʱ¶ģʣ޷ԿԼ
Ϊֻ˵˲ܶʥԼȴԶ۷ʵ
磬ĵĵֿ
ԣհˣҪ֪꾿˶ĵƣ
꣡
һ˼䣬Ʊͻһ˫ڣ⣬һһλΧ׺ΪĻתƺס


895 ¶
հҲҧ´ɫ԰ףھǵǡ
ѹְ
ϴʱҲпһһߵ磬һĨӡ
Ů˵ۿųģ츳Ͳ˵ˣ룬ռ֮ڣͬûܹ
ԣҲ۹ߵԭռҵЩӵܣ֪ж׷ȴɫƫƫȴѡİ꣬ǺʵģϿ϶ܹĶڡ
ܹĶܼô
ôһ룬бһھ𺳡
ѵܱȵĹ츳
ΨһĽͣͬʱҲõĽͣ
˻
˿Ŀ⿴ԶǸ꣬ͫ͵һƺǿʲô˼һҲſϲ£
һԣɫҲ˶١

һ̶ƿһ˫ʮ֮죬ûκɫ˫ӷƱչ˳һɿ񱩵Ϣϯ˷һ񱩵Ļһ㣬Ҳͬڷš
ͼ
һһһͼǴؿ¶˳ӿ£ֽȫڣһףͽ˼أ׽͸
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ϣ
ûֹͣģϵƣѾհгƽˣ
۷壡
⡭
ϻ磬հ죬ʱǱ𾪵˵
һŽһϵˣȻطܹڶʱڽԼ磬ֱ̫ˣ
ǻϢ
ѹǶжϣʱиĪ
һϣôֻϢ
绹΢õ㣬Ͼǰ¶츳츳õǽһ˶ᡣ
ʱټһƺҲ˵Ĺȥ
һۣհϵĿⶼǷ˷Ƶ˫֮ϡ
һеֻ֮ϡ
ǿɲһܹӵеġ
˫ĻհһĨɻǲ⣬ʱλ˫ģңΪλûκεĶѵĸԸ͸
ԲܣϵȻõͣҲԲǵֵز
ңǲĿĻһӨʵʰ·һףһβƵӾƺܹ֮ǿȫΪͼԭ
Ȼţ
ʱǰ겻ռ֮ˣҲòϣһţһܱţ
ô
쵽ԼѾһѷӣƹϵֹס
еأҪӵжһܹܵʲУȻû
ǿ
ӦһȵϾܵɫЩԡ
ǿģ
սɣ
ܿ죬͵ں̬սڳ壬һսǿΪף۳һĳ泯հնȥ
Ȼȳˣ

һɫ⣬ޱϢ׺ǿٵذƣֱհš
ߣ
հһһץһͷ۶˸˸׹⣬ӭȥ
ʱûжκε似ؼ
أ
ҵײһһɿ񱩵ľϯǣ߲ûޣ䣬һ죬ǿ£˲
꣡
Ƶֱѿһɲѷ죬ʺѪ
ۣ
ԭûҪķƣֱʹۣһֻűϢ˳ɫƬֱ۶ʱͳ˳һƬƬۣĺ⣬¶ΧĿռͱһ죬ģƺֱֻʱ˺һ
ƣ
ɫЩٴδ˫֮ڵһǿۣͨ͵ı˳ȥ

һʱ䣬ĳâǣȾʣǻצֱ˺ͷ­չֳצɭƣֱհ졣
һĻԶ˵ļ䣬ҲǼסǵµӰ
֣
հɫ΢ɫһֻ࣬һӡһֻ׵϶ɵĴֱǱץȥ
¡¡
˳ͬʱҲ̴ߺȻѣΧؽڶҡΧ׺Ҳѿһɲѷ죬˰һ¼˴ʱ¼


896 ɺӵ
һ̽հ죬ϣû˰СƵ˼г𾪣ǳ۵ĺᣬӦ½
½ɽһȣԴжǷǳУ½һƶ񤲻Ŀռ䣬ǸмȥֵͼĿռ䷢չǿֻ˷ǵʱ䣡
ǣǰǸƶĿռ߳꣬ȴõǲòĿ࿴
˵ʱķƱֳĹ츳κһõĺӵܡ
ӵֲͬļ֮ӵؼҪǣܻӵսʥս⴫У
һ½߳ľţ
ߴˣ
հԺôһͷ
˾ӵܣҵֻǳˣоܹ̤ҲδߵǸ۷塣
սһһû߹ĵ·
ٵľţ츳壬һűصõľģʧ飬û֪սʥҪôһߣ˵ʲô˲ſս
޾󳬷˼⣬Ҳ½ɳ츳ߵӵǰ̽ȫˣΪս촫У
ǣǰϣܵ޾ս⣬ӣԼҲûа⣬¶Լķâڽս
һ㣬ĸŶû취ģ
һ̣հƺˣսʥҪһʲôļ̳ߡ
޾һУ
ʣ˭ܹ޾壿
һ˼룬һ̬ȣҲһ˵ıԣ
˶ηĶ磬츳ˣ磬ʵˡ
ǣоԵĵ֧֣磬޷
ĺ
հھâתͬʱֵҲһαһأΪҪƵ¶ĵ
һδ֪ˣµģڵԼܹѹƵסⲢԺԼѹס
ʱƶˣҲûǸԵġ
ʣ棬ƻɳȼĳ̶ȣ
ң뵽ǰ껹ӵսʥе֮󡭡

ǼǳԵŮϲ̾һ
ռҵı񣬿Ҫ˹ˡ
հ뵽ģҲ뵽ˣɱ꣬ǵɱ磬⣬пҲΪģȥ
ôһ룬ƺԼռһҪӻһİΣˣ
Ǵ㵣ţбӿһ󲻷޵
ֱǻƵ飬ǣȴǿܻΪʵ飡
Ψˣ
ⲻúֺЦԼռңȻһëûСƨû˰취

¡¡
հ˫㣬һ״ֱͷ¡쳹
Ȼռ峤
һһصľףо𺳡
ԼԶ
Ҳհ⣬ʱѲֿ
ϾȻʱӵ۷ܣǣȴǽźڵģԼģҲʵôӲٷ֮ٵܣ
Ҫǣհ߱ԣƺҪǿ֮
֮ǰƲ⣬հ߱ԣ൱Լ֮ս֮Ľϣ
ѹ֣Щһֱܹ۷壡
лȻ
ֵ̣ǳ˸޷飡
Ҫ֪һʥ壬ѾǺ˲õĴˣ֮壬֮ʮ۹ҲҪΪ̵Ĵڣ
ǣ֣ȴ޷Щڡ
ȻôҪ֪ҵĵƣҾͳȫ㣡
һĨâ
ףʱƾԣհҲΪԼеƣ
ৣ
ôͻأģʧԭأټ
ţ
հ죬ϣ磬һ㶡
Ͼռ츳Ҳûмʩչ
ô£
հɨܣûзַƵټһʱ䣬Դ澡ʣѵؼ
һ޾׵Ŀһ£ĿҲ΢΢ɨΧÿһϸСı仯
ǣȴûзʲô쳣
ܹоÿһ׵µ𶯡
ʧˣ
뵽̤УֱӷˣⲻܣһϾ磬ܹ̤У
ӡ
һ죬ǿһֻɫ̬׵˸ĸ֣Լ
꣡
հ۾һɣһ۾ڱһֻµơ


897 ޵

ɫļ磬ЯɭƣײڴֻϺɫĴϣûհеǱŷǽӵ˼𻨣΢΢ͣ˰ᣬٴδž
֣
հ첻΢һǷӦ˹ֻһһֻڷӡ׵۶ɵĴֱӭȥ
̣
ҵײһһɺƥܴӰɫĴϺȻ˳˲䣬ͽǰֻѿȻըܹ͸˵ĶĤռһҲˣĳ˷ŰȥΧ׺

հ첻һĳƣֱ棬ֻϺɫƣǱѿ
һУƽ
ֻȴǿ֮ϵķƣ¶һЦݣͫ΢΢һʱǿǸߵϣһֻֻɫľֳһĳԼǵص
أ
ʱϣһֻֻɫ׵밵ɫȳһ㣬˫ϵײһ̻ſը첻ϣƬزϵĻζΧĴһƬǽ塣
Ǿ׵ǧأѰˣҲһۼѣǣʱ˫Ľ浱УȴǶһХһԼڹĺۼ
ǳΪһأңһֱ½ƣΧ֮ڣΧĵ绡ǱǺХľ硣
ԶĿɿڴĿ࣬þ˵
̫ˣ
հʵ˵ģܹռ峤λãѾ֤ĳ
ǣʱȴκβ½ꡭ
ǰɫƾʲô
һ֮ϸ𾪵޷ֻƣȻֲͬԵԪּ֮ں۶ɵģ
⾿ʲôط
Ӷɳˣ޷ԼľȻʵ
ܹͬԪǲ֮ͬںһһؼռҲδŹ
֪ӡɺ۶֮ףΪܹհˣ
ȻǽհûжĻϡ
ӡ磬ֻ΢һ㶱ǷӦ˹üͷ΢΢ȴڿǣղŷʧģ
벻ף
һܻͦ
֮ϣӡһһ꣬ǹһĨĻȣૡ
ӵһμ꿪ʼͲ˺ģ
һζһԲ˺
һμ棬ǣΪɳòӵδ֪ҩ
һĻĻԶҲǲˣӡΪ̵ģ˳ҩӡ
ʵģʹӵе켶߽׵ҩ䣬Ҳ˵Ϊվҩʦλã
޷⣬εõⲿҩģңǺʣȻܹǵ۷ҩ䣿
ˣô֣Ҫ֪Լ֪飬ԣȥ棬֣ںͬʱǵӰӡļ䣬޷ĥˡ
ǽԼ˵Ѫ֮ʱǲ԰׵ӣ޷ǡ
ţڶμ棬һεĸԼڶ𺳣һƵĹѩ࣬ҲΪݣ
ǿأԼȥע
ڣԼһҲ޷ˣ

ɻûжĵư
ǱƺΪɵķƣհ΢΢һУ뵽˸ղŷ޺ۼʧ૵Ҫˡ
޵
˫һӣһͼǴּӳ˲ʱ۳һ׵ɣ˻ϢĴŷֶȥһֻֻɫĴ£֮ڱſ貵̻ȴ޷ը޵ըʱľ磬ҲǾĻϢϢڡ
Ȼ޵
ϲ˿
޵Ϊռҵʥ֮һԴԽǿ޵ܾԽΪհֺϷΪߣȫǰһ֮£ܹհˣָ
û뵽հ쾹Ȼһ궯ʥ
Ǵ켶似Ҳûôô
һԵ磬ЩţǣŽڣ£һƺԼ׵ͼ
֪ղŷƾʧģ


898 ʥ
꣡
һҫ۵׵磬оӨ֮ɫһ۳һǵصĴϢϯ˷֮ռ䶼ǷΪ̶Хǡ
Ȼ似
ƶˣ
ӡܣӹɣңںǳ֮׼֮ԪȴƲԿɼĲˡ
ѵѾ켶似ô
뵽⣬вһ
ʱķӡܣӦܹﵽ켶н׵ĵزǣȴ޷֮⣬Ŀǰ켶߽׵似ӦҲӵ˵ܡ
Ǿֻд˵еʥ
һ뵽⣬ƱǷʹɱΪʱսܣʥ档
ৣ
һ΢ƿֱʧԭأӰ٣һ̣ûаۼԡ
ʧˣ
һֱĿϵհнһ
գ
հָһգǼٵ£󽻼Ϊһ顭
꣡
ʱָƽ޾£ռ䡣
أ
˵ĿΧɨӣûְܷ쳣
޵ãΪռ֮ˣǷǳŴû飬˵Ƹûͻ޵
ôȥˣ
ѵ̤У
հɫһ䣬
ȻܲԸţǣҲĿǰΨһĽˡ
޷һʾ˾ôģңôӰ٣ƺֱ˽ȥӵпռ츳һ

Ŀ⿴Զŵͫ΢΢һѵȻӵпռ츳ɣ
ֻӵпռ츳˵ϢǿȾˣҲƿռſԣ
հ뵽ˣȻ뵽ˡ
ΪѾ֪ӵ츳츳Դ˻ܹܣǣϾͲͬˡ
ռ츳Ϊ츳ĪĿռ䴩ۺ죬رǽʥ֮ǹĿռ֮˷ʤûܹӣ
ôӵпռ츳ģⲻܣû
հҲ޷ܣƽһȫˡ
Ѿһ꣬պ󾿾ɳһεȵĵز

հнǳĸпһ
Ψˣ
ңģ
հ΢΢˸ģɻɫ
벻װ½ǵƶĿռ䣬Ҳ޷
ңʣƺĳġ
һʱ䣬뵽½һЩأʱһ
ѵ
ӿһ𺳵ɫ΢΢źϣþò
ӡ
ͻأģٴγϣһһ㣬ȣ񱩵Ʒľϯͷ֮ϣһֻ޴İɫɢƥϢΧ׺һӣ޴ֱӳհ쵱ͷ¡
ָ
հϵɫָƽһ֣һʵһָŷֱӽֻ޴ƶ
¡
Ǿ쾪һȻ쳹һ޴ıըм䵴ϯ˷ƽһУһĩһӾ
⡭
ĿɿڴĿһУĪ
ܹоհ첢ûʹʥʱ̺ܣȴľѡ
֮ڣˣ
ԵڣȻӵԣȴû⣬հ죬ȴеľ衣
û취ȡʤˡ
һһհ죬̾һһĨʡ
ʱհ̫ˣľǾ磡
磡
ʱԼѾ۷壬ôΪǻеһƴ
ôô
ƾþûйհ΢΢һ䣬еĻ޵ĳ̼ŷƵ񾭡
Ȼ㲻Ը⶯֣Ǿͻˣ
һƬɫо׵磬˫㣬һָų˷ڵİ
ߣ
ļϮ׵磬һһʧϡ
Ȼûа취ȡʤǣƾռ츳ܹڲ֮أ
㣬հҲԣƱ֮ܶҲ¶һĨЦ
Լռ峤ƶˣʱȴһסˣҪȥɲ֪ķˡ


899 ȥ
Ȼհ컹Ҫȷʹĵƣǣܶʥ£ȷΣҲ˵ǳڱ״̬
һﲻỹһ߽ҩʦɣ
ƾʢ˥ûаƣɫõհǲ΢΢˳顣
ôһģҲĲˡ
Ҳһõе˰
̾һ۽ⲻһԶ磬˫һϵƻ
ܲȡҪԺĳɾˣ
հһĨӡ
ΪһףȻϣԼŮиõĹޣһžܹ֮Ȣ
Ͼ޸һ츳ˣհԼòֵŮӣǿҲҪһԺǻˣһǿ˸
Ҳ۶ٳ˵ףҲŲʵԭ
һУΪ
˾õռڶӵֻ̾
˵磬ռҵСһӵеŮ츳ò߶ѡƢ㣬ķ棬˸覴
˷ƴʱ¶츳֮հбһ
ৣ
ٴδռ˳Ϣƽհ죬ɵһ㶣ɢȥ˷ӡ
㲻Ҫô
հһĨǳǳĻȣĳʵǳƽͣ
⻰Ƶüͷһ塣
ԭΪƾʱΪӿռ츳Ӧܹѹհ죬ǣȴԼ
һڵ˵ģо޵ûпռ츳̤еĻѾˣ
ã޵Ӧûûзӳȫܡ
ʥ֮컯ֻ˵ܶѡ
оⲻ޵״빹죬ܣƺûչ֣

˼ã̾һ
ȷԼԴˣհռҵ峤ںɽ۷ˣӵеĵԼģ
˵Ĳ֮࣬
ǱռҽأҵóƷ쾧ӦֱӴɱ
հɫһ࣬ɱƣֳȥղȣֻҪܳУҾͷȥΪ˳öƷ쾧뽫ͷ£
⻰ϱҪ˵ʲôſڣȴֱϣһĨǡ
츳꣬ԺռΪУǿǴ󻼣ףΪհ컹ǻ˾
ʱ˵ɾհ峤Ȩԣ
ţ
⻰һĨɻ
仰Ȼȥ֮ǰûʲô𣬵ǣȴһ䡣
Ժ󣬲
ǣ仰ڣȴĽҪĻʡԵˡ
ѵǴ˻нĿܣ
ھâһ
ȴȷǲհ©˵ˡ
峤
ߣ
ſڣȴհϣĮǵڵ㣬ʵ΢ûʸּۻۣ
⿴ޱȴ̶Щͱ˵һ仰ڷƶڣȴǲͬˡ
ûʸּۻۣôԺʸǿˣ
һ۲ԶϣƺЩʲô
ϿȥհΪûԼԱʵԼŵԣǣʵȴԶԶͬ
ȵһ㣬ΪԼöƷ쾧
һöѾϵ쾧ʥֻǳ⣬ʥ˵ռҵ̵ĴڣܹΪռһ׼֮ˣ
ʱȴΪһհ첻׷£ռҵЩϹŶܿϲ׷ôңǱǵ֪һǾԻ׷ɱǧԼ
ǣСǾͲͬˡ
һͷ˫ʥܹģ
ҪǣܹΪöƷ쾧ʧٵĽ͡
ʱ򣬷ͻȻհ׵ࡣ
ⲻǿСʵڱıӻԼ
ңҲҪģƺѾûзԼ罻ˣȻֵĲԣҲƺǲ©ˣǴʱȴǾãǹΪ֮
ʱӿһɾϲֻǣհɱģȴǿеѹ
ϾǱ߻һ
ǣǻСĽ
һУհȻУвٴθпһ
Ի治һǿ
ڷƵڣˣ⵽Լ˵ÿһ仰صĺ塣
ˣ
ֻһץ㶯һµĴ˳ڣһ׹ͬʱʧԭء


900 
֮ڣСڸ߿ϣĿһ۷ʧĵطҡҷˣȥԲͣ£۰Ͱ͵Ŀֻǣڱ˵еȴδ
˵ģ
һ۵ԺõΪ֮һ㶣ɨӣǷһԵС
Ҫʲôʱհת
öƷ쾧Ǳͷ˫ˣǿף
΢΢۾ɨˣһɵϴ¶г˲÷ζѿɫƺľΪ˲źܲԸŷ뿪һ
ף
ĿһɨϵͷȥӦһ
ȻΪϣʱȴҲȥһĪе峤
ѵҪհ죬ռ峤㲻һһϵô
ܴ裡
ԣἰհŭ
ǣ˵ķԸȴõһ㶡
˼һֱǷ˷ϣԣǣհʱķԸɾǽƵƲˣƺûôһˣⲻʹƿԲóռҵŭˣ
ռɭϣڱץס֮Ѿű֮ˣڵĽȴõĽˣ˵һ
ʱ뿪֮ʱƽľ˵ı֣ƺհĻû˵Ҫֹ֮˵ڻûʸ
ģ
۵ٴԺףƿ϶Լ׻ص⣬ڿһĸףӿһĨˮ⡣
ףǰԼģ
ҧ´ǿе⣬ûп޳ȴǷˡ
һĻУȴΪΪƶ
ǿб֣ңƻͷ˫Ե
ڷƵĴ˫صģͬʱʧȥ˰һͷ˫裬ҲǸ껹˶һ
Ǿȥûٶ룬ҲĽαʵ
һϻ͵ģ
Ļհһ磬Ƿȥƺ߳ŭһ
лл
ջ䣬ૣ˸жϣ
ƣҵ㣬һֱ㣡
Ŀһ۷뿪ǸλãСȥ
棬֮հгϻĳԱһλһֱڱչصϹŶҲ˳
հǵһС
ڳһ˵˫֮ȫһֱµϹŶҲ۾
Ϊ֤ʵհֽ磬ڳǿС֮Ŀ⣬ģɫǿŮһÿڶǺڸǵ¶ӵλϹŶҲĶѡ
Ҫ֪ż涼ûмӵйļ¼ܲĶôο⻹һͷԵ˫
ҪӵˣĳȥһȦǿɾǧţżȥЩ֮һԶȥ
Ѿָ߶ȣںģˣ
ʣ˭ǧţ
ƺͷ˫ֻ׼磬ˣλϹŶǲʵЩռҸ߲ʶһĸ̶߰ȡ
뵽⣬ƺףͷϸԭˣ֮󣬱ô£˫磬һ˷ý⴫

磬ڼ׵£Զôġ
ৣ
ڸ׳ǵһ򣬿ռͻأѿһĨɫ׹⣬׹ɢȥ֮һ
ǱհֱӴӽڴͳķơ
ĳ֣ûʲô˵ע⣬Ϊʱ˵ĿⶼǷɽϡ
һʯƽһǿգ嫶䡣
һĻĻǰطš
հת䣬ҲǲµһЩһΪŮһΪԼֳ츳
ҲãõĽˡ
ֳ֮ڣҲ˵峤һ˵˾ģҪӭȢ磬հӦռЩϣЩںϹŶܴӦô
һУΪԼʵͣ
ʵ
սȭͷĿ⿴ԶɽãջĿ⣬Ÿ׳ȥ
Сһۣǽ¶һĨĻȣЦ
ֻҪǲͬԵںϣͻһ׶ˣ
ҲʱȴˣҲΪˣŴǸӦ׼ȻҪӵ׼֮ǲ֪Ҫȥˡ


901 Ե
ļһһûǣֱŸ¥ȥ
ˡ
ѩƺѾԤʱһߵ¥ſڣűǱˣѩ˳
š
΢ĵ˵ͷ
ǰԸţϢŮӣڳ˸̾
ΪɺϣƺǰŮѾܹԤԼһ
ʦΪصһְҵǵԤ֪˾ÿ¡
ܹΪʦˣȴ֮٣칬ʦʮˣ
ͬʱҲ֤ʦĿ£ûûȥЩӵйǿС
һˡ
ڷƵٴνףѩһĨ졣
ˣ治򵥣ңԽԽ򵥣
ڱʱǽһѣ˵ٶȣڳУܵĺӵܣҲûмܹ֮ģ
ѩʦ
һĨ⣬Щڴɫʵ֪Ҫʱ²ܼ棿

ѩ΢΢һΪôʣǣĨȻ뱯ˣһ˫ڱӿһƬǿգǳתɫҲׯһƬ
ĻƾվһԣûзԶͤڣһƺҲ֪ʲô飬ʶȤûгҡ
Цռҵı£ƺץ˸ռҵŻѾǴˣзʲô飬Զ
ȻɵǣʱҲȥùͷٳⶼˬ
㲻
ѩ԰ףЩ˵ţƺղŵѾһ
㲻
ɫһֵһĨҩԣûѩֱۣǻָ
ţǶ֮ڣԣ޷ݡ
ѩ΢ĵ˵ͷţķԽԽȻɫ֮ٴһĨɻ˵ڵǻһõԵ
õԵ
⻰һ㶣׷ʵô
ȻϵԵߣѾСԵһ𡣡
˵䣬ѩҲǾú֡
Ϊڱʱ˵Եֻһ𣬲ԣǳޣǣΣرȥռҵʱϵԵ߾ȻԽԽԣʱѾȫ˳
̫ˣô£⼸쾿ʲôõ˵Ե߳׵ӵһ
飬䣬ʦҲĥ͸
̫ˣ
ӿһĨϲһɨ֮ǰƣ̬Ȼһʱ䣬˳˻
ֱѩп飬ƺյףˣҲ޷ƿطΧ
ѩʦ
ƻע⣬˵ѩʦܲȥչһӣڡӦҪչˡ
˵䣬磬ٸоġ
ʱ϶ҪԼǣԼȴߡ
š
ѩֻǲĿһۣǴӦ
л
ӦƲ΢΢ҲûȵǴС뿪˸׳ǡ
Ҫ֮ļ֮׳Լʵ
հһսʶԼĲ֮
ЩУ˭߱ʥ似ֶ֮컯ļܣ޷⣡
һΣУ
ʥõʥֻеõʥ볬ӵȥ⣡
ʲôطԵõʥ
һɽۣͣԵĻʵ
ʥ
ƽ΢΢˳顣
ѵʥ·ߵİײôô׻ã
һЩƾõĹĹ֮ڣпܻС
ûĻش
Ĺ
΢΢һУת
ڹĹ֮ڣҪļ֮ڣֶһʥ
ǺȥĹǣʱȴûⷽİϢ֪
ֻ̾
ĹһкܴĶ΢һͻ֪ˡ
Ŷ
ԣ۾һٴο
ٺ٣
ƵĺЦһ˵ʦйĹǧĺûᰡҪ֪ʥˣǲܽĹģʵ˭Ĺ㰡
Ϊʲô
һǲ׵ʵ
Ĺһ㶼ǹʱΪǿĹ˵µģǣѾƾõ£ʦΪĹܹʥĳ
ƤЦĽš
Ҳȷ
ôһ˵Ʊ˹
ʥ˵ʥܽռ仮ƣĹܳܵˣ


902 ·
ʥ˲ýĹûȷĹ涨ǣʥ˵ҪȥǾԻ⵽˵ΧǼܵǣпܻû䣬
Ͼʥƻʵ̫ˣǹĹ֮ڷʥ˵Ĵ򶷣ĹԻᱻôһ˹ĹǿµĽƣĹᱻըɣʲôʣ¡
Ȼ˿û£ǣڵĴСر⵽Ե𻵡
ԣ˶¼֮ʥ˲ýĹ⼸ѾΪÿλʥ˱صɡ
Ͼ˹Ĺ˵Ը飬ԣҲûȥΥ
ʥ˲ý룬ô˭ĹԼӵпռ츳أ
ţгϲá
лһڣȫӦò⣬ԣڹĹڣԷſֽȥ
˵ֱĺϢƺǹĹڴڵʥ֮ڵȴԼȥ̳ˣ
ٺ٣
ģȻ֪ʲôʱǴһĨЦζ˵ʦղһ˵ˣÿһĹǶɿռ䣬ǲ̤еģռ츳ҲУȻĹĿռͻ

һһͰˮڷǿŻȵϣʱȴ
Цӣĺ뽫֮ϡãǣһ뵽ʱҪһӻԼİȫѹеĳ嶯
ռ츳Ҳð
Ʋ΢΢üͷ
ôһƾͱɱˣıٶȵĻֻҪչֳ˫ٶȽ֮࣡
Ҫ֪ȸǱΪٶޣٶӹɣӵл˫ķƣٶȣȻͲˣʱʱ򣬵Ųٵơ
ԼڵʵƺɽЩһľӢۣ
ҲÿӵʥҲ˶հ죡
ӵ֮Ĵ츳ж棿
ߣȥ۶
ѹе֣ĺ˿嵭˵һǳһȥ
ʦߴˣȥ˫۶Ǵߵģ
һ仰õķƴƶ˵ȥҧгݵתͷܵŭ𣬺޲ýһǧˣ
ǻ·
ٺ٣
ƺٺһЦһ㣬磬һ̵ĳһȥ
ļһ
ưһӰȥ
ʵģ۶ϢΪͨĵطңЩϵĵ۶ǴŴ󣬿ֱͨĵ۹ǳķ㣬ԣǳΪ˷Ƶѡ
ˡ
һСׯʱһϤõķͣ˽Ųתɫ䣬˫֮ڣâȼСׯڡ
ֻһվǸׯм䣬âգȱɫǴ˵еľһ
ܣżӵĴ٣ŮǶĳϣסĳͷ
Щ֮վʮɫĮʥӣǰЩڵصĴǸûжٵ¶ƶΪǿˡ
һֱûиҲͣתŷƵ߿ȥ˹
ʥ磬ﲻһҲʮֵĹ죬Ҳ֪⵽׾Ǹʲô
ƾվûȥƣףǴʱȥЩʥˣЩͨĴ񶼻ӡ
ⲻò˵˶ĻǺһ׵ģ͵󣬻ȡͨڵĺøС
û⣬ڰ֮侧ʳƥʱǻдĸмһЩ˸Ǹм飬Ǿ٣õİϵЦŨˡ
ǣҪߡ
ֻһӣ׹䣬дŴȱ˵š
Ըߣ
ǶһĳϣһżƺȥνߣһΪٵһ
ܺãܺá
ĿɨȫֲֻϵĵһŮ׳ѡ˳ڴǵĻУЩѡΪʥӵ˴ţ
ȻǱǷ˷ڣȴûӡ
һһ֮һһˣ벻ǵڡ
ЩѡΪһʥӵ˴ţԶȥ̣ȴǼʣʥӳһׯȥ
ʣͬ顣
ߣʥҪЩͨ𣿡
ƲûȥṆ̀ȻĸǸһڴʥ


903 ƻ
ʥѡ̣㣬ǵĶСңѡһЩСɽԣȥС
ϾһЩͨ˶ѣ۹ҲΪȥȻ
ʥˣǸ߸ϵģʥȴҪ£÷в˻ɡ
ʣʥ˾İֵ飬ǾǶԹʥ˵ǼΪҪģƲףʥҪ飬ôѡأңҪộʲôã
һ·ĸ棬ӵпռ츳ķƣȻܱǸʥ֣һǡ
ǷƲҪЩҪǣʱʥɱˣǺʣ϶ΪЩĳ޶
ΪǿʥǾܹ̣ǵĸʥԵˣǾǺڰģĶħ
Ҫ볹׵Ľʥô򵥰
Ʋ̾Ϣһ
ò˵ʥбȽϸ߳ǽͨ˶Ӫȥˣ˵ͨУǾѾˣ
ȻʲôˣǣȴҲʲôˣʱԵ޹ʵĽʥˣЩͨ˵ĴǾ޴ģпܺܶ˻˶ɱ
ʱľͻˣ
ǷƲϣģ
ԣҵʥĶУ֤ʵ
ңҲҪһ㣬ǣһܹʥ
ͨŲң
һĺô
ӿһɿ⣬һźΪϤӳԺ

ǷƼĵΪŮ
ðɣ
һĨӣǹһĨĻȣ˵û˱Ϊˡ
ţ϶ĺܺãǷĵ˽ĵΪ˸ҪǣڿѾһλ켶۷ҩʦˣ
˵齨һʥõѡ
Ǳ뽫ҩʦʥطչɽ
˼ƽϡ
һʥķѾгˡ
Ⱦ˭ܱȵĹҩʦأ
ʥܹϵģǣڲʹȴûа취ңڲʹˣҲӶĳ̶ֳ˵ʵѾαƵΪ
Իĺܺá
Ůġ
ڣ۹ڹʥνûаøУţ۹϶ϣôһƺʥ
ʱ򣬰ʥѾЩ߽˹ʥ֮ڡ
ҵҪǾڸʲôϷ
˿ͫ𣬴͸һУ˹ʥڵһС
ڰʥĴ£һ˹ʥѾŰڵȺˣģƺһЩͨĴ񣬼ʮʥվһԣƺԼһ
ֻǣЩȴûо쵽жǳ˼̷ܹǶҫ
̷Ҫôô
΢΢
оԲǹʥһѡˣⲻһطѡ٣ʮ۹һθѡ˰
ֲõԤУоʥڽʲô˵¡
ʱȴûа취
ҪǸ̻
۲һʱ䣬ûжƱƾͽһҿջй۲ŹʥڵĶ
ڼ䣬ҲƤЦǵڲϵľâƺҲ˼Щʲô
һȣһ죬һֱڶʱ֣̲ŴһʥŽǧ߽һ֮ڡ
ȻƲˣ
֮ͫڣǼԵĺģһи壬ƺƵģ÷Ϊջ
Ǹ󣡡
һԵĻƵĿˣջĿ⣬ڻָƽֻǣɫȴǳĺࡣ
󣿡
һ㶣ʵҪ˴͵ȥ

ҡҡͷ΢΢𣬡롭Ӧûǹʥʥɽɣ̷Ӧȥ
ʥɽ
ھâ˸ãŵʥɽȥһΣֻǣڣ
ڵȥ˹ʥɽҲûжôı䲻ʲôûǿʵ˹ʥ
Ȼһ½ˡ
Ϊ֮ǰ뷨ԣƻǾҪȻһ½˲УȻӰǿɾͲýˡ
ңļƻҩʦʥϲܽУţ֮ݣҩʦᣬӦòʲô⡣


904 ˫
ʥӰҪͨڽײ㣬էһûʲôǣһؼʱ̣ͻ¶
ԣΪ˱½ҲʴȥѾǵ˱Ҫʱˣ
Ҫһ½
˿Żʵ֪ͨ½ͨ
½ͨ
üͷһ˷һۣŻ˵ʮ۹ĵңӦöƿһͨ
Ŷô
ӦһһĨâãҪͨһ¡
Ҫʮ۹֮ڽһǹʥһĴûʮ۹֧֣ǽ粽ѽпܻزۡ
ȴкܴܹ˵ʮ۹
ߣȥ۶
վ֮߳˿ջһ۲ԶĹʥǸ󣡡
˵䣬ǳĵĴ͹ȥ
ٺ٣
⻰һ䣬һ壬ǳŷ׷ȥʦߣȵҰ
꣡
ʱڹʥǼ֮ڣͻأıǴѵǿӨӨĹĴͻأѿ˼ĺۼʱӨӨƱȫȥ
ô£
һֱػһԵʥһ㶣ǱǸоһɼΣյĲ
ã
˶ǳŴŴȥ
¡
ȻըѣϢڣӳȥİʥҲϯڣըӶûʣ£ֻѪǽϣ֤ڹ

˫۶ٴ編ƣһȥǼ䴫ʹұȻ٣һû˵ģŵ۹ȥ
ƣ
˫΢΢һʵѵǳڶ۹Ǹͫꣿ
ǵĵ¿˹ƣ
ź׽Ļشš

˫ûʲôɫ۾˼
Ƿ֮ǰ϶ϲ񣬵ǣԴӷʥַƲ֮òǵĸˡ
˵ʱƿԸ˫۹Ҳȥܣ
ϾȻܹ۹޴ĲƸǣʥǸӲǺǵģʥıǾ͵òʧˡ
ʲô
ףʧһʱ֮ΪλԼ۹ڡ
ȥ
뵽˷ߵĻƣ˫һĨâǰĽԸ

ǹ
ʣӵгǿʵ
ôһǿߣΪҪװɵأ
еֿ֪
ǣ
ǽӦһȥʱĴ±߽̻Ի͵Ĵ֮ڡ

Ʋǽţ˫ǴЦվӭ˵糤ϴݹ٣ʧԶӭ£
ˡ
ҲֻһԵĻǲϵĺЦëȻһɣ΢£
Σ糤ԶʲôҪģֻܵҪǵ۹Χ֮ڵģƴǣ
ڷ֮˫ŻصԼλϣϵȲһڣǳʵ
⻰ģɣҲ͸¶ԼܷΧڵ£˵ȴûƣġ
Ǻǣȷ󡣡
װûЦһ
Ŷ
˫һ٣ɫȴ˿δı䣬˵糤ҵ۹ĹϣʲôҪ󾡹
ģͨ½֪ͨɷи㣿
Ц΢£ֱ˫
⡭
⻰˫Ҳһɣüͷ
ͨĲϣɲһСĿΪʮ۹֮һĵʹ
Ȼԣ
һǴŹŹЦĻ죬˫΢΢һһֱӴӦ
ԼȻƲ˵ʵⲻ֤װɵļһǿԼô
֮ˣȻԸߣ˵Ĳ򵥡
ȻʹԸһѣ꣡
Ϊʾȳֵʱ򲻹ξףǣŹ˶೤ʱ䣬ȻѾͻƵһϾˣ
ٶȼֱǿµ˼£
Ϊǵ֮ǸҲ޷֮ȣ
ң뵽۷彫ʥİ̴ûлֳ֮츳
ܵ
Ǻǣ
ӦƲЦ˳ֵл


905 δȻ
һĨЦ֮˫֪ԼѾĺøУ֪ΪΣоȻӿһϲá
лر
оȫֵõ飡
˵ţǻһλҳϣȥ׼ͨĲϡ
ȵȣ
λȥʱ򣬷վЦӯӯĶ˫ʵ֪ܷҶ׼ݿͨĲϣԴ໻
˵ţóһ˫ϡ
Ŷ
˫̰Щǣóһ֮ǽѹȥڵ˺֮ġ
һڵĶܱȼֿͨĲϣɼڵƷǶôĲˡ
£
ҲûæȥУǶһԵĳ˻֣ʾ£߳ҹ֮ЩȲС
Ǵһ϶һƢܰõ˫Ϊ֮һ𣬽ţͫ͵һǼһ𾪡
⾹Ȼǡ
ѿڽгһǿٵĸ˺иǣеȥ׼ݣݲϹ

⴫ǳϵűǴһȥĽŲ
Ȼ澿Ƿʲô飬ǣ֪Ǹھ޷ļƷʥ
ҲֻмƷʥܽΪθղŵʧ̬ˡ
ţŲǼӿ˼֣ƺ˵Ĵ¡
һۣ˫ϳ֮ڵƷ
һλ
Ǽֵ޷ļƷʥ
û취ģٶҲ޷ȡһλ
ȻѰУһλֻһ꣬ǣǳˣ
ʮ۹ǳۣԣٶӵйּƷʥǣѾûܹأʮ۹֮Ҳ޷һأ
أ
ԣǵҵĵڣǼȼƷʥ;ӵн֮ҩЧӵµķ
˵һλУܹϣ
ܹģ
˭ôӵ˼Ʒʥ
ǰЦ꣬˫ޱȵ𶯣ôһ룬Ҫ֮ٵĳ嶯
֪ԼܣûлһԣҲҡ
Ϊʲô
ܹӵһλˣǼ֮
ɻ۹Ļ£֣֮
ɽ磬ɲǱϵô򵥣ӿ೬Ǳڰԣʮ۹ҲΪ͵Ȼһþͽ֣֮
ʦȻ
˫ĺ˿ѹе𺳣վޱĿ˵ţƺҲıˡ
ˡ
ˣǵЦŨˡ
ĿѾﵽˣ
ǻףƷŲˮʱĺЦƷ񲡣
֪Թʥô
֮˷ǳǢˣƻһתͻȻʵ

˫ЦһգɫҲЩˣĬãһۻ֮һҧ˵ʥҰĺܴ󣬵ǣ̼Ϊۺ񣬾˫۹Ҳò֡
Ŷ
һʵѵҲ֪ʥô

˫ҡҡͷ
ʮ۹Ϊεĵط
һδ֪ĵˣǱһ֪֪׵ĵҪµĶ࣡
ʦʥĶԹҴҲһЩʵڡ
Ǻǣõġ
΢һЦ˫ĺøּһ㣬ɫһ䣬һɱϢھϯʥ𣡡
ϵĻõ˫вɵһоȻָоǿĹʥУ
ŷʦ
üͷЩΪѵ˵ֻǣȻε˹ʥֻ£һЩҪĶҰ
Ϊһ֮ЩҲΪ
ң
ƹ¶һĨΪ֮ɫָͨڰɣ
û
˫һĨġ
ȻǸǿʳ磬ǣûеײ㣬ĴĽ֮
ҲǣЩʥѾġ
Ƶ˵ͷֹʵΪε۹һЩľȼûأ
ʦ̫ˡ
˫˷һۣһĨӣ͵һǿΪ磬壬ɲǿģ෴ʵƽʵ嵱͵ġ
Ǻǣ
ЦһǸп˵˵ܹϣƾֻѡ


906 ڱ
ǿŻϣΪӦĻô
˫ûм˵ȥǷʵ
⡭
˵Ļ
ˣ裬ԣΪµģһޱȺгûκǻĹȣûɥʧϽģΪΣյ飡
ȼã˲ͻᰲĵȥϽԣĸ۹ûκεľȼûˮУֻΣĻĻ£ڲŻϽ֮ģҲֻܲϵʵ
ңʦΪʥôľȼ񣿡
˫ǹһĨЦڷƲĿ½͵Ҫȼ£ģƾһʥܹ֧ŵôҲǼʵӶѣֻеѡ֮ʱŻóһЩ֮õȥʩᡭƽֹǧǧ򣿾ʮ۹֮Ҳ޷ȥά־ȼԼ۹ƽ񣬾˫۹˵㾡̣ܹȼ۹ƽʮζѡǣȼˣƽ˵ʲôô˵ʲôô
ԭ
ôһ˵Ҳˡ
ʥȻǸʲôöʮαӣһֱһЩڹƻĶѣʵʵжȼΪȴûж٣ֻӶѣ
˫˵ҲܹĿԡ
ȷ۹ôҲûдǿͬʱҲǿˣǽʵˣô֣˭ȥ
Ǹʱ壬
ҲΪ˵Ļԣűʥ˿ӣġ
һ취ģʱҪЭ
ƳĬǶ˫˵
Ŷ
˫ЩĿ
ʵҪҲϾȼãǣʹȴġǣҹ۸۹ƺûҩʦĻƽֻܵ
Щɻ˵ţҪ֪½ĳУҩʦĴڣǿʮ۹ȴûҩʦᣬֱ̫ˡ
    ֪½ҩʦ࣬ҪԭΪʥҽʥصĴڣǿһҩĵط½ҩ䣬Ǵʥҽʥȥġ
ɽȻ涼½ܹģǣҩʦ棬ȴǱȲ½ࡣ
ԣҩʦںɽĵλǳߣݣôȥЩͨƽβʹأ

ԣ˫ʱЩɻĿŷơ
ҩʦںɽϡ٣һЩСûһҩʦĴڣҩʦϡٵ£ܲҪһҩʦȥһе˵Ĳʹɣ
ѵ롭
ķĨЦ⣬˫͵һ
ҿԾҵڸ۹ĳҩʦᡭ
һۣЩ𺳣˵š
ҩʦ᣿
˫ˣ޷ֵǰ꣬һ˫ھǲ˼ɫ
⾿ôһȻܹ˾ҩʦ
޷
ţ
Ƶĵ˵ͷ˵ǣܹռԶҲܱ֤ҵǿóһЩҩѡܹ̳ҩ˼ҩʦᣬ֪
ʦ˫۹֧֮ҩʦĽȿ˫۹
ƻû˵꣬˫סˣվ
ҩ䰡ϡ٣ǣƺļھȻдʣҩ䣬ںɽֱ޷飡
۹ҩʦᡭ
ֱ޷ܹȶ˵۹ĹҲ󻡶ȵ
⡭
ΪҪѶĿˮ˵ȴǳƵϣƺԼ˫۹ҩʦ᲻һõķһͷˮ
ѵͲԼʥ
ʦģǴʦ˫۹ҩʦᣬҵ۹ӻЩҩʦκвǣȫԼҪ飡
Ʋ˫ʱͼˣæһϵеı֤·ƲţҪ淢ˡ
ţȻģôҾͽ˫۹Ϊһվ
ƻûӦֱһϵеı֤ҵͷεģеģʶĴӦ
ʲô£ֱܹԤĽˣȴ׵ľʹﵽˣֱõķЩʵ
ƺҲˣΪθ۹ûҩʦĻˡ
лʦ
Ӧ˫ϲлƺ޲ڲſϰݡ
Ҳϵڱĺ¡


907 Ұ
ҩʦںɽĵλǳ֮ߣԶƵ˫˵֮ʶҩʦĿɹ
Ϊ˽еԭһֱ벻ףΪκɽ˵ȱҩ䡣
󣬾Ƶ֤һ˫۹Ϊһվ֮˫ǷϾǻϲЦݣֱӾͽΪϱˣ´ʱʥˣҲԥĳˡ
Уǳһ޷ĳȻ˵̣
ʥ군ˣ
ʱ˫ֻһͷ
ʥǵֶȣҩʦᣬ˭Ӱأһ۾ܿ
ҲһͨˣǶһǮһЩǶľһЩ
ʱֻҪҩʦһŻʥǵţ϶ֱӱôǵ㱣ֶҲͲơ
ʱ֮Ǹȥ׼ϵĳϱǸ˻һķݣ˷ϡ
лˡ
õ֣ϵЦҲŨ࣬˫ֵл
ĲϾͱ˵ˣҪĻǼ顮Դʯ
˫ֵݸģǴϴĽָڣɼ⡮ԴʯҪԣʱȴǲ⣬⡮Դʯ;
ҲΪ̫ͣ
ʦҪȥ½
ǳ˳֮˫ʵ
ţȥһ䣡
Ƶ˵ͷ
䷵;ѾڱУϾҩʦҪչҲҪһʱУ뽫ʱ˷ڹʥϡ
ҪĿģҪռ֮ƿ䣬ֻ󳬷Щ档
ʦ綼ȷĹ涨½ʦҪȥ½£ǵ͵ãȻһ֣ͻᱻ°غɽ硭
˫š
Ǻǣл棡
ȴǲںΪ½ˣԸûⷽĹ˼ɡ
Ȼˣʦ
˵䣬˫վŷƳŵȥ

½
Ҫҵ˼˽֪ǣǳµ󣬹˸޷ƣһδζ飬ÿζҪʧһˡ
Ͼҵĵ۱߱񽣣ǿɲǳصģ
ǣ˭Ƿ֮Χ⣬ôֻǳ飬ϾԴû˲䣬ֻԽԽ
˵ȻҲԣҲΧõķҸ߲ġ

ͷĻһ񷣬̾һȥ
Ҳ֪ûȥɽ磬ôˡ
һԵĴüͷҲˡ֣硣
Ȼ츳ڷһûܹȵĹǣڵȴûгɳƾһ֮ôܿˣ
ɽˮ̫ˣ½ȻǴ۷ǣںɽ磬ǸŲϺţ
ˣȻܹóһ۱֤˵Ĳ򵥣ȻҲ½⡣
޷ҷһּܼ꣬Ǹʱ򡭡
뵽˷Ƶֲ֮ͬ쳤ĺ˿һĨâ
峤˵ûǷһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ϵüͷҲ΢и
ţ
˵ͷʵûй˵Ķ̬
У
ɫŹָҡҡȥ˵Ҫʥҽʥضˡ
ʥҽʥأ
ԣɫҲѿǷôǸ̲ʥҽʥأǲ͵ڽȫ½ƽƵǱôҿʥҽʥعϾҪֵˣ
˾Ѫ
Ҳ̾һ
ʵģ϶ҲĵֻǣǵĶ޷ܾѡ
ʥҽʥصôˣ
ԴˣҲĸΡ
ʥкɽ֧ԶԶ½ģÿ׳һ޷ܾ
ʥҽʥ뵱ʥزһǵ㣬ҪɲôףңҪʥҽʥصҩʦһϵأԣǲȡº͵ֶΡ
ϽΧ̽Ӵ̽Ϣϸ˵˳
Ŷ
΢΢һУʵʥҽʥα̬ģ
ʥҽʥأ˵һλ֮㣬½Ҳǳԣʥҽʥûǿ£Ҳûȥʥҽʥص⣬Ͼ֮ɲǺǵģУ֮Ǿ൱޵еĴڣ


908 
ʥҽʥؾʹһ仰ϵ䲻ˣ
һĨâ˵
ʵ½һֱһ仰˭ܵõʥҽʥأܵõ£
ʵģʥҽʥصӰѾ鲼½ӵʥҽʥأֱӾ൱ڽԼ鲼ˣ
ԣÿһҪ̲ʥҽʥأǰϵ۳ǵһ֮ҲԹȴҲ顣
Ҳͬģһ仰ϵ䲻ˣ
ֻӵũҩˣſԳΪʥҽʥصˣҲ֮
˵ʵڵģҪʥҽʥغף۳Ĵ嶼ǣһ뵽Ǵе֮޲ȻȥǿʥҽʥأȻ֮ıɲܹܵġ
ԣңҲŻô󷽵ùȥշʥҽʥأʵվں濴Ц
֮ǺɽҲԻᱻ
ũҩ䡭
⻰вһɣ֪ΪΣԺȴͻȻһӰ
Ǹ꣬ӵеҩƺҲ߽ͦ׵ģҲ켶۷ҩ䡭
߲ûã
͵ģһѿڽе߲죬ƷʥҩЧֻũҩܱȣ߲ûã˵
͵Ŀʼ٣һҲЩǺ죬ӶЩֹ
Ǿֻһܣ
֮ӵΨһһʥҩˣ
峤˼ǡ
⻰ҲһƬһ룬˱ǼЩȷӲ磬ޱȵʧ̬
֮ʲôΪҳϵ᲻֪
½ûܹԽ֮ʵĵһˣ½ûĿ֣
Ͽ϶֪
˶һۣǿ˶Է롣
ȴһֱ϶˵ҲΣôһƲ⣬ֿԣ
˵ǸϼһôһֱУӹܡ
һĨȻ
ˣȱȥһ죬ģ
ĺ˿ѹеļͬʱԭصͻȻľࡣ
֮ô˸Ϊ
š
Ӧĵ˵ͷ˵峤λӺɽʦƣѾԤ֪㣬ԣǰ
ǡ
Ҳͬĵͷãʵǹ˵ķӦأ
Ҫ̲ʥҽʥأѾ¶ҰģǾԷ
ǻô죬ƣգ伫һʱ䣬ɱ֯ʥҽҲƵƵ߶ɱ߼ҩʦƣʥҽʥؾͿ춥סѹˣҩʦǵòȫϣпܻͶ˵ıӻ֮¡
Щ˵š
ȴԵɱ֯ĳָеǳĲ⣬ⲻǽʥҽʥô
ҲȷʵȴʥҽʥصǿⲢ˵ʥҽʥû츳֮ˣǣʥҽʥص˶һķרҩϣֻСʱԣŵʥҽʥûж۷ǿߣ
ԣųڵľʥҽʥû̫ǿܹȫ򣬵¸صҩʦҩʦòȫıϣȥʥҽʥصŻ󻡶ȵ½
˼ɱ֯пǹ˰ָʹģ
ɫһҲЩɡ
Ȼɱ֯ҶԵ۳Ǽӵ֣ܶǣɱ֯磬ȴ١
顢û˿ԣƺΪɱһЩž֮ˣ
пܣѾкܶڻˣǣڵɱ֯ҲıȽƵ˵ȿʼҵҲʥҽʥأԣΪҲûȷ֤ݣҲҿ϶
ϵ˵ͷüͷЩЩɣɱ֯ǳԹˡ
ߣ
һ˸âȻ㹻Σǣƾɱ֯ʱʥҽ򣬾Ѿ¶ĿġⶼףǾͻǵùˣ
ʥҽʥУǾʹĲˣԺҪҲء
Ҳ̾һĿ¶ǡ
֮պΪ죬ǣҪԸˣǼȫ½ΪС
Ⲣͬڴʱ˶ԸʥҽʥصֶΣϾʱ˴ŵǾȼҪʥҽʥ໥ϣͨҲĺ£ң˲û˵ҪʥҽʥΪУңЩܶҩʦᶼ˹ʥӰڱӻҩʦǻƽҩʦĺøС


909 
ڣȫ½֪Ʋңһ˺ڰıǩһù˳׵ƿʥҽʥأôҼûз̵Ļᣬǽ½ƽײȫɱ⡣
ȻʱҲɳԱȥ֧ʥҽʥأǣڵȴô˵ʱ棬˾͵ȷҵˣ
ȥ
ʥҽʥأ˶ãҪΪһµˣ
Ϊҵ峤Ȼʱľ档
ʥҽʥؾ㲻ЭʱҲڲϵ½ʱƣŻȵףʱҲһֻ¾ѣҪôôΪʧѾòڡǸҩʦ֧ˡ
Ȼ츳ֻҲˡ

˽̾ϢһھΡ

۳ǣ߿գǣϼδ䣬ڡ
ڵ۳ǵģһɫĹŽգϣҲûйκεңƺһ˵Ŀյ
⾿ʲôֻһЩϵʸ֪
֮ڣһƬڣûκεĹȴĵӰڣϣɢӨ⣬ԿǶϡϹŶˣУ¶ֵϢ֤ǵĲ
ǵ۳Ĵŵˣһһ
ˣ
ͻأģһⰲĴ֮쳹˵ע⣬Ƕ۾âֱŹģһ󱻼ˣһ·𣬵ĪĴϡ
ô£
ǲԼͬվھһƬȻ
ѵǺɽˣ
ţжһµɫҲǲôÿ
Ƕܹӵͨ½ͨǿɶһԱ֮Լֻ߲ͣ
߸ɽӵͨٶʮ۹̶ֳȵģ
ת˸ȴһֱŴģҪʲôˡ
ৣৣ
һһϣӰڴм䣬󣬴ĹԿʼĵȴȥ
ŶͨǸϵģãӡЬӣǷǳϾɣദƿСףģƺѾ˼ǧһ
ң˵ΪҲһۿơ
ǸٵģʣһϾ磬Ǹϵġԣһ
⡭
ˣʱõΪ֮һЩӦ
ûбģʵ̫ͨˣǣΪǵͨ˷Ӧ
ͨĲϣǷͬСɰǵ۳ļңҲʹܾãûоǱҪǸȥͨ
˵ȥɽ˼ҵףվ۷壬˾ĺá
ôͨˣǾôÿͨϵģ
㣡
ϸĴһǰٵ֮ǰɫһǷҵķƣ
վڹߵĳ֮һʱƲûиıòԣ˳
ৣ
£һĨɭâǹЦһֻ˰׹⣬ڣŷƵؿȥ
һҪʵƾԻᱻ鵱
ˣûκεķӦõİ߸Ϊ⡣
˵Ψһù˼ɵģǰˡ
̫ˣ
ϴǱȶϣչֳ츳޷ӣˣǽʥףǽӲˡ
رǴʱŹ˲һʱ䣬Ȼʹһһϣ˵ٶȣõɵһëȻľ֣ǼᶨζҪɱƵľġ
ɣ
һȭͷһӣҪڷؿڣʱվڷĻȴ۾ڣתĮ飬o˫ˣ˫Ŀע£͵һζʱ֣ͣоԼѾȫǰСͷˣƺֻҪһָͷܽԼշָо֮죬ˮСϪϵȫʪ͸
ٺ٣
һգۼ䣬âڻָʲôҲûзһϵһĺЦţԼҽϵЬڰЩȻĿ£΢ЬֱӾ֮ϡ
飡
һ죬ֱӾͱ˳ȥӼΪΣΪʹ࣬³Ѫֻǣ֮ɲãȻ벻⣬ҵײڹǽ֮ϣڵอƺײıˣһѪûסٴ˳һ˹ȥ


910 Ƿ
ٺ٣һǷģ
ЬףзëȻĺЦõĴڴ״̬һع
˻
ǿǰߵ³֮󣬶ǲɵĵһһƬ
ղŵ鷢һ˲䣬ǲǿʱ򣬰߾Ѿɳȥˣ
޷ƽжǰõСͷ˿־ֻҪԶ
ߣǿǹ˵ĳϣΪǣѾɷʥĴڣ
Ҳ˵ղһʥˣǰֻõЬӳ˳ȥ
һ
ΪǸûעƣԣҲû쵽һ˲ı仯ʱȴΪǰСͷֻǸһˡ
Ѿ˵İߣг鴤ţ߶ֵԭ
ƣҵǸţ
ǵĿⶼǿɱ˫꣬ڳ˾㵡
Ȼڵʱûڳǣ֮ҲˣƳ˸ӵּ֮ռ䡢츳һ˱㽫ܣ
ǣǸʱƺ۷ѡ
ⲻܣ
ǼֱԼ۾
꾹Ȼһ֮ڣͻ󾳽磡
ʱɵģбӿһɿ־壬ͬʱҲףΪΰһҪֶɱˡ
ٶ̫ˣҲһĨɱ⣬ǰⲻ⡢ӶЬСͷ֮һƬվа˼
ȫţһЬԼ³ԲȰߺõȥ
Ҫùˣ
Ժڶôһͷ
Ȼǲ֪꾿ȥ˺ɽģǣһܽƽʵ
ƾȻУôֻСͷˡ
֮ڱһƬŵУ˶Ūʲô
ţ
Լ˼ӣƱͫһĨɫƬָ̣
ٺ٣
촩ЬӣЦһʦ˰
˳ƺõ඼Ҫˣŵϴ°ֱѾʣھǲ˼ɫ
ԭΪӦǷںɽϵʦŶԣǸͽˣڣ֮ĹϵȻת˹õܹܵˣ
ǾͲˣһΪҪзʦأ
š
ֻӦһɨΧһۣǽǰУǸߵĲҿ΢΢һ㶣ǷӦ˹һߣ
˱ǹһϢʧڴ֮ڡ
ã߲˿ʱǲŷԼѾʪ͸ˣһǽǲ֪İߣǶǴҴȥ
Ҫˣ

꣡
һ˵ĲŤϣȥˤࡣ

˿һۣԶĻһĨңһˣ
ƱŤŤģǣһɣһܲԸЬӣĻһһѷǳ˳
˵ôҷصأ
ڷ˲̤Ļ֮ڣһŭȱԶԶĴƺƴ񷣬ҴӪһ̶ˣֻ߱񽣣һ⣬ĳӶȥһҵԪ϶Ǽ˱ٴС
֮󣬷ƲЦ
ҲԣϱƷȴû˲ǲǳˡ
ƣ
ԶԶģǿ˷ƣʱһĨɻֻǣȴû֮ġ
ƣ
ķһڳҲסȻһɱϢǣȴǺΪţҲûлȻĹȥƴкúɵĿڷɨš
ڣڣϣλϡ
ƴſЦкǣڵɻ֮˹

һ۱˳ţƣǳ֮ӿ˳Сơ
Ƿƣ
ϵһͳоĪľϲ
ţ
΢˵ͷһʧǰһգۼ䣬ٴγԭء
Сӻôк
ɻǰŷƵֱۣȵĴк
ۣǳ֮ռ츳ⶼǷƵר˵ʣرǳ֮˷ҵĵû˿ӵУ
Ƿƻһڳ϶ǰкҵůΧŷƣĵһɾ


911 ô
ôģ
ŴȺеķƣȴһֱվԭ˼⡣
Ļ󣬿ǵǳµģڵʱ˰ʥʹʹõ۱Ҳδܻƣ֤Ļǿ̶ȡ
ôƾνģ
ȻѾһˣ
ɨһ֮󣬷žķ֣ƵΪȻѾ󾳽ˣʱԣҲ̲סˣһƬ𺳣޷꾿һʱڴﵽ̶ֳȵġ
վԵķ죬Ҳͬ˶һۣǿ˶Էڵ𺳡
̫˼ˣ
ǽͷصһʱҲ𰸡
Ϊһֱڵ̽ķǺԵĸӦˣĻôһ˲䱻˻ˣû
ȻٶȾˣǣԲӵлĻ
ĿһɨǱǿһֱվڷĻơ
ǹŹֵװ磬õҲΪ֮һ㶣һΪõɻ󲻽⡣
ٺ٣
ǴĿ⣬ƳһЦʮֵĹ졣
ѵһͨˣ
ãڻûзְ쳣Ҳֻա
ɲûȥɽ磬ôô̵ʱڽ󾳽ģңΪδһСͷ
һУֻԻشҵĵ𰸣ģȴЩڴڴԼ漣
Զķӵܣûʲô£ǻȥ
ʵ󲿷ַӵܣ֪ȥӪΪһֱڱչصء
ãЩǲɢǸŷ棬죬λ̫ϳϣһ֮ͬǰǼ֮ڡ
ƣȥ˺ɽ磿
£ЩȲʵ
Ҫ볹׵ĽˣôֻдӺɽ綯֣Ȼ
ȥˣ
ڴĿ£Ƶ˵ͷʱ˱㶼Щ
Ȼȥ˺ɽ磬;ɾǴѾҵѹƹ˵İ취
ʱǵĿٴοڷһԵĻϣȻ΢ǣпǺɽĳˣ
Ŷ
ѹеļֳʵںɽΣ
ǿ
ɫҲǽʥŵһ顣
Ȼ֮ǿ
˲˿
ǿҪңֱ׾٣ڣ˼ƺûнҵһ¡
ľ硭
ɴݣûаŵģһʵ
һʣʱõǿ˷ơ
Ȼڷܹһ֮󾳽磬Ƿǳĺ档
һСѡ
΢΢һЦںɽ磬һ׼ʥＶ䱦ΪԪֹʵҩܹľ
ţƸǽһԪ;ңʣԪ˳һʣʮö
벻侹ȻǺɽ硭
ڿԪ֮˶пЩԪǱ
ɽӵе䱦½ЩܹģԪ;Ͳ˵ˡ
ҲΪǵעԪ棬ԣҲûԼΪӵ׼֮ͻһϾġ
츳
Ȼûаӹ԰꣬޷е
ֻһݣ
ϣǼҲ覴ԣ츳ǽĳ̶ȣ
Ǹ
ڷһ֮󣬷ǶŷƿʵƣͻĻģ
һʣõ̫
ǰôģ
ٺ٣
ƻû˵ȴǺЦǵ˵ȻҴʦġ
ʦģ
˽һ㶣Щ㵵ĿףΪҪƷΪʦңƾһܹͻƵĻ
ôң
˵ţѾϵЬȡ˵޵ڣûʲôģ

Ϊ֤ʵЬһһڵѿڱǳ˳ֱеĿɿڴþ˵ãǲǽĿ⿴ơ
ȷҽġ
ûĵ˻һۣǶ˵
һϳԼӵоʵҲûа취
ֻҪһܹˣ㹻ˡ
ѵ
ЦĻƣ˲ĿⶼǷŵֻЬ档
Ҳȷڸղûавģֻ˫Ь


912 ٴƿ
ٺ٣
עţƺµĸоֿǵЦţõķۡ
ʱ治ףһ﾿裬ǼɵΪȴֲԸ¶ʵʵǸˣ
˵ĳƺ̬ȣõ˶ЩزȫһͷˮŪ֮便ʲôϵ
һܹƿĻˣȻһһϵʦ
ȴףҲ֮ԻΪôһˣ
峤ˣ
Ƴĺ˿ǶԷʵ
Ŀľһˣڶշʥҽʥء
Щ
عʱ̾һͷ鱨˵˳
ʲô˾ȻҴʥҽʥص⣿
һƱɫ䣬
ʥҽʥصҪԣȥ˺ɽ֮ȫˣ˵Ǹ˿ʥҽʥأݵľͲֹ½ˣɽʮ۹пܻᱻ̲Ǹʱ򣬾ûκܹƺˣ
ţƱǾһ亹
ҺãԼǰˣȻ룬ʱԼӵͨ쳹֮ܣҲ޲ߣ
˵⣬ڶһĨâ
еǸ룬Ǻ֮
ɱ֯
Ƶ΢΢澡â˸
ٴγ飬Կ϶ɱ֯Ժ͹Ѳ˸ϵ
ûңڵɱ֯ԽԽƵˡ
ϵ˵ͷ¶ŨŨġ
ڣ峤ȥȥ
⣬ƶʱסˣվĶŷ˸񣬱ǴŻƳȥ
ȵȣ
ס
ڷģֻȥ
˵䣬һɭɱӷϱŷ˳
Ǻ֮ˣңҲǳףڻˣԺҪ͸Ϊˣ
һȥ
վһ࣬ﲻ÷
УѾǽƵǷΨһϣˣҶģǷаʧ
ڡ
˵ĻõķһůڣһҪУȻǰʥʹɱҷ˿Եֿ
⡭
ôһ˵üͷ
Ҳȷ뿪˴Ӫ͵ϮĻǺӲ룡
ٺ٣
ƺٺһЦֵ˵Ƿģҵ޵ڣʲôҶһЬ
⻰ڶһĨ
ֵľǣƾȻûзĬ˵Ļ
ƣһͬȥ
˳˷ԡ
ɻǲģʱѾ͵ȷҵ˳ȥӪʥҽʥˡ
л峤
ƼҲƴǲˣҲ˷ʱˣǴӦ
Ϊ֤ʵǼԶ޷ǵһĻ

վĻǰԼЬһǵ۱Ҳ޷ƵϱǱһĿӣ𾪵Ŀ£ƿնȥ
ȻƿĻ
жޱȵ𺳣ھһƬ˼ɫ
ѵֻЬ
ھɻ
˵еoõıϵɣǣһֻЬѣһ˿ߣпЩϵô
Űɣȴķ
ܹƿĻ֤ʵƵĲڷߣûʲôĵġ
ңƲçײ֮ˣԣõķԼЩ̾硣
ȥ׼ӭս
˿ߵ̫ϳϳ˵
ǣ
Ӧһӷɶߣȥȥˡ
֪˾һսʱ̾Ҫˣ

ۿŻЬĻһĲǻˡ
ڷʷ棬ĻĴָĻƿĴûУǣһ֮ڣȻƿΣң׾ٵıƿƺûзһ
÷쳹ףʲôˡ
ˡ
â˸
˵˴ʱʥҽʥص֮Ҳ硣
ʱΪ˶ԸҩʦıӻʥҽʥѾ˲СţҪ֮γҲô׵ˡ
ܹ֤ɱ֯ǹ˵ˣ
ܹ֤ʵһжơ
ǣҪץһЩߣ̸ףô˵ĴӪĶ͸˵ȥ׷ɱ֯ˡ


913 ȡ
ʱʥҽʥ֮ڣλ̫ϳҲǶԵɱ֯æĽͷöʥ֮ڶǼɹģԹ˵һƣҩʦл̡̻
Ҫ̲ʥҽʥأѾ·˽֪ˣʥҽʥأǸżѹΪÿι˵һܾͻһǵҩʦᱻɱ֯𣬼Ȯ
ʥҽʥأʧ𰡣
ȥʱ䣬дǵҩʦͻڵɱ֯ˡ
ЩλҲ׷ˣΪĻǵİȫܵõϣֶΪأ
ĵӣȷûϲرŵҩʦ
ǣⶼλ̫ϳϸǿѹ
ֻһ֮Ѿˣ
ֻǣȴҪɳʱѡ
ԴˣҲ磬Ϊ֪λ֮ǵ۳Ƿ֮ˣ
ڣҲΧֻ£ľҲԼߺò˶١
һ뵽ǸԵЩء
Ҫ̸ϲˣ˵ô죿
˴ЩεŻ¡λʵ
Ƿǰλ˿϶ֱӷˣǣȴǲô׵Ŀˡ
Ϊһηʹһǵҩʦᱻ֯ɱ
ˣѪĿһҩʦᱻ٣ңÿαһҩʦᣬʥҽʥصžͻ½࡭
ЩǱҪǵģ
ȻǺܻɵɱ֯ǹ˰аŵģǣȴҲû֤ݰ
ʥҽʥأϵ䲻ˣһ֣ϣ
һǳص˵
û֮Ѿɳһսʱ˲ǻӻƵ飡
Ҳһ߰ĵ
û
üͷ壬˵ǣڸô죿һܾţֻһҩʦᱻ𣬵ʱĻ̻̣ͻȫǱȥˣ
ʥҽʥûоı
֪ԼϺУǣȴûȥõǺܸбȴ޼£
ڣֻĿŹʥҽڽһʥңǣֻҪйʥĳУͲܵɱ֯ϮɱУҲᱻɱ
õʥҽȫĵطйʥĵط
ôϽͷöأ
ô죿ѵ̲ɣ
˰һˣȥʥҽųǰﹷյ̸У
ⲻף
˽ǳ
ΪҪ̲ʥҽʥأʱѾ伫ˣ˭֪˳ȥ᲻⣿
һΪ˵°ߣôʥҽʥؽӵı
ϰף࣬ǵǵ֪ǣٲ棬ʥҽʥصڣ
̾һϵĵİɣһᰲȫģҲҰô
켶߽ҩʦѾҩʦ۷壬½Ҳˣ˵ÿһǷ飬Ҫǿ°ôӦҲӶ
Ͼ˭ʱһˣԼĻһɣ
ҪСģ
˼Ѿ޷Ȱ˵ˣҲֻȻӦȥʱ򣬽Ĵ󻤷ϣҲѹһһЩС
ˣҪ£ҲܹģǴʥڣԼǿ
˰˰ֱ֣Ӿܾˡ
ϾܽҶƵ־أҪûܹס
ϻңİɣĳ£ʥҽʥؾΪ鲻ΪȫԲóѵģ
ҧҧ޺޵˵
˵ЩɥҾͲţЩĸҶң
ԵЩ֣һںģȴõĶϸǵǣǣ־棬û˳ĻֻʥҽʥصҩʦᶼᵹǱȥˡ
ԣ϶ǵǣ˻ȡ壬Լľ裡
λʦ
ʱһ𣬾ǵע⣬ʱɫɫ࣬һЦ
ô
߲װȻʵ
λʦȥɣȥʥҽųǺ̸У
ü壬ĳ
У
λҲûֱӾܾˣͷҡĸ˹һ
ǰŮǼƷҩ壬һʱ䣬Ѿ̳켶߽ҩ䣬ңѾһλʵ켶нҩʦˣ


914 ʥҽʥŮ
һǰʥҽʥؾͶԷΪʥҽʥصʥŮ
ʱ˺ܴĺ䶯׷׶ڴ̽Ǻηʥǣȴǵ֪ȻʥҽһСӵܣֻñеҩʦ᳤ʶУȥʥҽųǣԵɺ֮²Žʥҽʥء
ʥҽʥûʥӡʥŮֻгλ̫ϳϣ˽֪飡
Ϊʥҽʥʥӵˣֻ֮
ϵ䲻ˣ
仰Ƿǳ
ʥŮֻʥӵʱʥڣλ̫ϳͬһλʥŮ
ʥҽʥشδй飡
ҲǴʥҽʥվ̨ϵһ֣ΪŮ
ʱܶǶ⣬Ҳţֻ̾ͬʱкܶڻɣǲ֮Ѿˣ
ǣʥŮ֮ʥҽʥȴһֱûʥӣԣ޷ȷ
ҲǴʱλΪ˽ԭ
ΪǷƴģ֮ģң˵Ĺϵǿ£ԣǲΪʥŮ
ϧǣϴγȻʥҽʥأǣȴûлǷ֮䣬Ƕ˵ˣڷƵսǶľѡ
֮ǺɽҲѹס
λʦʥҽʥصʥŮʥس£ӦԳһֱҪ̸УԣǻʦȥˣҲ޼µģֻµʱҪиܵɱ֯Ϯɱˡ
һͤͤһλŮ·ü䣬¶ĵǣǾһ¡
ȴҲһģʱľ棬ǿĺ͸
ˣǣȴҲĿһһҩʦᱻɱ
⡭
λ˶޷Ϊ˵ϸ˵ʥŮĵλʥ֮ڻˡ

ͻأĴЦϼһܻģԽǶزصģԽ˵ĵʱʥҽʥصŻᱻȫܿգұ̰֮Ҿ˵ĺܶԣǱȥԣգһͬǰȥʥҽų̸Уʥҽʥصţ
Ҳֻˡ
˶һۣ̾Ϣһ
˼Ǿһľ棬Ҳ޲ߣֻһһˣ

죬ʥҽųҩʦܻᴫһϢգʥŮų̸У
Ϣĺܿ죬ҩʦĴ£ܿģǴʥҽõʥҽʥһεĻص˵֮ڡ
˵ΪһʱʥҽʥضԸҩʦܵϮɱŲʣõĺܶҩʦġ
ʵ֪ʥҽʥزûˣɳȫ˲źۼĨɱˣ
ΣҲʥҽʥصһվ˵ˣ
һʱڣصҩʦ᳤ǳʥҽųǸҪʣΪʥضԸصŲʣ
Ϣ˵ȻҲ֪ˡ
һ֮ڣվΨһϣƷŲˮ
Ŷжô
һߵǷеĲ豭ǴһĨζĻȣʥŮٺ٣⵽һ㰡ǽƿУΪǵĿܣ˵ǲһܺ鰡
Ӣ
ڰߺǹĲˣʲôģȫһūŵ
ٺ٣
ǵĴһܣֵԭϼһﲻø㶨ȫ˿ܣǸôˣ˭֪ǾȻȥѡһʥŮѵ⣿ٺ٣춼վǹֻ߰Ҫ̲ʥҽʥأô½ǵˣ
Խ˵Խǵ⣬ЩΣףǵпɲħʲô
Ҳǣǰʱ򣬹˶̲ʥҽʥظûʲô취ԣҲûж֣ϾҪһʥҽʥأҪʥʥصľ漶ҩʦɱˣǵõʲôã
ϾҪģҪֻȥɽ緢չ
ڲͬˣʥҽʥͻȻѡһλʥŮõĹϲ⣬ΪǿֻҪƿλʥҽʥصʥŮǾ͵ͬڽʥҽʥƿˣ
Ͼûʥӵ£ʥŮһ֣
ԣֻҪƿʥŮһʥӣʥλãôʥҽʥǰıʥأûʲôˡ
Ǽȥˣ̸ϣҪһҹ˵ʥҽʥŮô
ǹһĨɭȻĻȣ˵š

ڰȫǸڵء


915 Ц
꣡
޼ʵռ֮ڣâӶһӰǻʣתۼӳǧ
¡¡
ͻأģһը쳹֮УһƬ貵İ׹⣬һ㣬ķԲǧȾͨһƬâ֮ǰ
ãǹ˵ˣ
ͣ˽ŲһȻľͽƵһصĿŰâѾһɫǳ֮Ӷ˫ҲһƬףƺ嫣һǳoġ
˵ˣ
۾ɷ¶űɱ⡣
ٺ٣
ƲһŰâһĨζзëȻĺЦ
̬һĿⶼŰâ

һЦŰâڴһֳһ񣬴Ӱâ֮˳󣬻Ŷʮˣۺ񣬺ԣʲôͨˡ
ʥʹ
ɫڿ֮󣬱ǳ׵ȥ
ⲻǷҵ峤ôϣǵСҲأô͵͵Ҫȥأ
ڼķҲ֮󣬰ʥʹǵĴЦ
ܹ꣬ҲЦѣ
ôҲû뵽λгʱⲻĸ󻼾ȻԼˣ
ңʱ沢ڣõϲôҲӲˣվڷߵĻƣֱӾͺˣһһˣһָͷշһѡ
Ц
ʱһо̶˶ڣȻ󣬵ǣȴһʱĿ˹ȥ
ٺ٣
Ŀһ죬¶һڰɭɭݣֱɫȥ

ʥʹһһҡһƾԴֱϮؿڣȻֱӾɱ֡
һЦ˵Ī裡
챾Ҫֵȴһԡ
ȻҴңҳǰɣ
Ϯţק½ϵЬһӣǽɢţڰʥʹĿɿڴɫ£Ь첽ֱӳŰʥʹȥ
ž
˿һͳڰʥʹǰţİʥʹƺûа㷴ֱӾͱ˳ȥѪ䣬Ѿ
ˬ
ƹֽһģڰУǾħһ㣬Ƿ׷׼ŻƷ
ۣȻ˶۸٣޵
۴УƻֽţʵȴǼΪƽеֻζƺǰİڸɲκεѹ˵䣬ЬĳһЬεľ磬ֱǶʮˡ
飡
һܵ쳹ÿһ죬һѪʮȫǱ˳ȥĸҵ³㲻Ҳˡ
⡭
ǰĻõķĿɿڴĿ࣬Բڣǲ˼ɫǼһ
Ҫ֪ǰʥʹһĴڣھϣͳ˷죡
ǣּҳŵ۱ǿߣȻ޷ıһֻЬɡ
ֱ޷Լ۾ġ
ˣȻԸߡ
عһȻ꣬ӿһ޷ļƺѾ˷
ڣ˭ֹܹĽŲ
ôܣ
ʥʹǼһ˱ķɳȥĳ棬ʱӿһĨȵľ֣ǱεĲӣһ㡣
ȥ
ŻƴŲЦݳԼʱ׵ıˣĴ߶еһ貵ԣɹ⣬羪ǧأ纣Хһ㣬ŻصŻƾϯ
ٺ٣
Ƹδһ΢΢һ䣬еЬһֻ޴Ьӡڳo֮ţһµϢֱӱǳųȥ
¡¡
ײһ𣬷ľռ䶼Ϊ֮һۿɼƷĳ˷ϯȥǶʮֱӱޣߣеЬһεܹصȫΪ赲ܲһ½ǶûԶ˵ķˡ
ǣǰʥʹͲˣֻƾеӻǿĴˣʱҲޱȣȾѪ


916 ˬ
صķ籩ռ֮ٴλָƽ䣬ʲôҲûзһ
ܣԲܵģ
ʥʹھǻ벻˼飬ʱѾȫû˶־
޷ǰ𾳽Сͷô쵽ģѵеǴ˵еɣ
ƺҲΨһĽˣȻƾܹס۱أ
ٺ٣
ƾûһͣһƣˬ˵Щ·ļһôôǷأ
⻰õİʥʹǺݺݵĳ˳飬Ѿǰһ֮Ϊħˡ
̫ˣһЬӣֱӾͽȫݻˣûȻǿˡ
⾿ʲô˰
Զķ죬вͬʱԹ֮ǡ
һѡͲѡһģ
иоΪУӦǹĴƺѾˣ˾ͻһֱЬ֮¡

һ³һھѪڽʥ֮ϣǱˣǱ貵ĹâһǣҪƿշߡ
ߣ
һĨмЬһһµ׷Ϯȥֱ֮ϡ
飡
ӵ쳹񱻻˳ȥԿ֮ϣѿһɫĺۼǶݿߡ
ǣԭǸα۱
ƲûһƲƲ죬ǼŰʥʹȥ
۱ǴϵʥԼľѪɣѪͬ޷ʹá
ҵ߱񽣣ǵ֮ˣ޷ʹã£͸Ӳ˵߷̲صĵˡ
һƬԵĹʥɽ֮ϣ֮ڡ
ͣ
ǻڰ׹⵱еӰͻأıһѪʺЩ졣

䣬ռ䱻ƿһѺ۵ǰ
ô£
ЩĲӰ׹֮ڴ˳һ֣ǷɻϣһѺۣھǾ죬׹ӿɨЩѺۣʱһ
½ֵطȻǿߣ
ȵĻﵱоǲ˼ɫѿ˵ѵʥҽʥصǿߣ
֮ɽ֮ڣɶǴһȻǱ¶ԪǣܸǼܹ֮ġ
Ϊλ㣬ûҲ벻ס
ļƻҪʧˡ
һգڣüͷ΢΢һ˫۾ͨһƬԶʣƺһС
ȥֹͣļƻ
ףûʵԼҪȥּǿߣɶȥǶȥ

˻
ٴεһڳӼЩ
ҵǿУȻô׵ıƽˣ
һ
ڻƾЬҪȥʱ򣬷ƻĿˣ֮ھǵĮ
Ŷ
΢΢һ㶣ǺЦİʦˣ
˵䣬еЬǺ˦ȥʱʥʹ֪ʲôϵĸо

Ԫѿһ˲䣬зҵĺУˮݺᣬھһƬɫ
ǿΪϣûʵǻŻˣ
㣬ɱң
۾
ٺ٣ëôʦ˵һԣڱš
ƺЦһһץӥץСһģ죬ǳŷȥ;Уʥʹ֣Լһָͷûˣ͸ɱˣиһƬȻ
ף˾Ǵðģʵ̫ˣ
ҪǣΪνзСʦ
벻׵ĵط
ʦ˴ˣٺ٣
ƽһԣڷǰһ΢һֻǣڵĵ⣬ȴǺڵ¶˳
ǹ͵ģ
ô
ûǵĮĿŰʥʹûи¶
ɱң
ʥʹ۾Щ˵У
ʱԼѾ޷ˣǷƷŹʥҲԲܷŹ
һ뵽ʥЩ̣̲ס
ڴʱ˵һֽѡ
û⡣
һڱǴӦң˵ĴӪ
ʥʹ۾ԣһ
㲻Ը˵
һĨζĻȣ΢΢𣬡㲻Ը˵ǾʹԹʥΪģôҲɱ㡭˵ǽͻعʥɽǲǻĽӴ㰡


917 ʴȣ
ʥʹЭˣЦǣȻΪ·ƽͻعʥɽԲЭģ
ɴ˿ɼʥԴЩִʧܵˣôһֳͷˣ
ʴȣ
ǹһĨЦ
ڰʥʹĴ£˵ĴӪ
ռ䲢ҲһдСм䣬һ޴䣬òһâڵǹһ㣬ϯռ䣬һӰĲڡ
Щѵǵɱ֣
վһأŸַΣȫû˿УĿͣһˣһĨ⡣
ʲôˣȻôҹصأ
һ쳹ţǴӸӳһɫӰǽƼΧס
ʥʹ
ǿеİʥʹ֮󣬶ǾһӶת
ٺ٣
һЦеЬ
飡
һ죬һ˶Ǳķ˳ȥѪ䣬Яݷ裬䵽ȫû˷֮ɫҰס
Ϊһ̣һɼǿڣԪж顣
ȻԴѾľķ죬ǲɵĸпһ
һֱǸﰡ
ʱɣϻ˳ܵסһЬô
Լǲܣ
ʥʹˣЩܣЩɱְɣ
ɨһȫ֮󣬷ƲǶŴͷɥİʥʹʵ
û
ʥʹ˵ͷ˼ΪήңһӾ࣬ԭӣʱƶѻǲ԰ףɫ
ܺã
һĨâɷӡ
ܹĵЩܣû˴ɵģΪڻѪҺ
ҲǵɱΪλԷֱԭ
Ի˴ܣ˲˵飬һȥԻΧ
ΪΥ˵
ƫƫ飬ȴɴžںŵĹ˵ȥҲûжԸŵģ
ߣȥʥҽųǣ
ûƽЩȫ֮󣬷Ʋ߳ռ䡣
ʱܻ٣ţʱ϶кܶι۵ģ
ٺ٣
ƽʥʹһԣֻһһεǽһڵ氧İ˽סŸȥ

ȻѾҹǣʥҽųȴַǷȺӿϵӿڣڵĽֵȫģȺ߶ǳˮһҲΪ׳ۡ
̸У
ʥҽųſڣȺУƱǵ֪һϢʱΪҪʥŮ̸У
ʥҽʥŮʥҽʥϵƶˣԣȻҪ̸С
һԽ͵ֻǣʥҽʥһֱûӦʥҽʥǱ˱ƵͶ·ˡ
Ŷ
ڳƽûʲô
ٺ٣
һԵĻȴǺЦ˵ţ̸ϵһʥŮôʥҽʥأҲӲ˵ˡ
ʲô
ԣɫһƺҲ뵽ʲôһɷӶΧ˾ã׷׶ǾĿ
Ĺˣ
ôһ˵ȻҲ˹룬ʱȼŭ
ৣ
ʧԭأǾһ
ƿռ䣬ֻʥ˲飡
λʥݰ٣ֶˡ

ৣ
һƿ˳ڷ羰续ʥҽʥ֮ڣϤҩ㣬Ʋ΢΢۾
ͣ£
ǱڴԵĻ֣ʱ㱻ֹͬʱ˸ɢǡ
λҪţ
ƻع֣ʥҽʥعϵ˳
Ȼ˽Ǵܾ磬ǵȴԷûаӰ죬죬͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ԭǹϡ
ڿ֮󣬰ȴûзɾ衣
ʹϣںδ䣿
һ쳣嫵߳ʵĿڷɨʱ򣬶ʱͫ͵һ
̫ǿˣǿ޷һɴ޷Խ
ƣ
ƴһĨ΢ЦĿˡ
ƣ
֣õڻһʱ˵⡣
Ϊڹ˶ʥҽʥؿʼչж֮󣬴λ̫ϳϿУǱǵ֪һ֣ңΪҪֻҪ֣ͱȥλ̫ϳϡ
õĺܶ벻ףǣȴҲû˸ȥλ̫ϳϡ
糤
֮߱Ǵŷ˳ȥ


918 ʦ
ϡ¹к£˴飬дµƪ¡
ʱ˼Ǹӵģϸ߹ҵĲ£ھˡ
ԴǸ֮ͷ˷츲صı仯˵ʱʥҽѾǶһ޶ģңѾ½
Ƕ飿ǣӵʥŮͷεȴûиܵһ˿һĿ֣ԣһҩڸҩļ⣬λ˾̾
ǣΣûиеаɾ͸Уеģֻ޵ꡣ
ԹŮӢۣÿһŮжôһ룬ȻҲ⡭
һ̣ͻȻĳ֣׵ĽӰӿļ䣬֪ˣȴΪĶ
ǣȴһ
ѵѾô
ʣˮ
ȥʲôҲףαĹ˻ԼȡʲôĴʩ
ǣȴòȥ
ֹʥصţǱ޹Ϊ˶ɱ
Ҳֻ±ˡ
ˮ˳¡
ʥŮλ̫ϳȥ
һŮע⡣
ã֪ˡ
ĨᣬԼĺ˿վŮӳλ˵סȥ

ԶģһЦǴΪ֮һ㶡
ˣǻ˵
ЦԴ⵽˵вʥҽʥؾͳݳƷѾǵԼûλʦ˳Цˡ
ʲô£
벻ףλʦôˣµȴǼӿࡣ
Ҳתˡ
Ȼߵſ֮ǿһϤӰ
ƣ
ű֮ǰֳӣֻоͷһᣬˮڶίһȫӿͷ

վº͵õҲܲסɱУ˫ֽӵˮʪǰסʳ
˺ˣûˡ
һ㶣ǹһĨЦĴĺ󱳣οš
ףЩ˶ѹ
Ǻǡ
Ļ϶һۣڶһĨЦ⡣
ʥŮûѡ
һ㶣ҲǻȻ
ˣûм֪Ǿͳˡ
෴ģûŮϣˣ㣡
ҩʦλƽʱ̫ϳ϶ԷƵ̬ȣҲ÷쳹׵ȷˣƣԾһ֮
ѾԿ϶ˣ
Ϊĳ̶ֳ˵ǰλˣʵѾվ۷ĴˣǵĵλǾԳߵģôܶһ˵Ŀ
һ뵽ִ֮˵̲סֻ֣ǣֳϣѹ˶ѡ
ٺ٣
أһߺϺõĲˮһߺЦţΪŹ֣һǸƶģλ˼Ҫֽ֮ϳȥˡ
һ̫ûˣ
ʱʤû˴һŮ¹ӳĵ˸ӵĳ
ڷƵİο£ŻĻָ˹ǣȴ͵һڷŵҲӿ糺ɫ̧ͷ
Ǻǡ
ܵ˵Ʊ֪ôˣȻһȣС֣˷ߣλҷ峤λʥҽʥصʥŮ
úá
Цݣֵ۾
ҩʦӰô᲻
ʱվ۷ʱҲҪ£ǣʱҩʦ̫ϳҲ̣һ仰ϵ䲻ˣ˿ηʱҵǿȨ
ǣʱͬˣ٣һǧڣǷֲˡ
һǧ꣬Ըıˣ
峤
ǷƵĳǷ
ʦôң
һŵĻȴǲˣԹԼվֺõЦݶߴ˵ʦãʦͽܣƣ
һ仰ʱõԭƤߵɫͨ죬ƻҲϳˣһʱ˼λ˵ĴЦ
֪ΪΣڿ֮ǲʱ̤ʵܣʱ꾳粢ߣǣǼţܹһе顣
ΪУ֮ܵģ
ƾȻԷʦʦ̵ĽУҲɻ󣬲׷Ϊһôϵͽܣƺʲôҩʦ
죬һͬǰ
뵽£ɫһ˵
ãϹͷһȥҵҪǹ˾ʲô
վϡ


919 һ
ɫ֮£һŮһǿգԶʱĴһЩ֮õĻλûɾɾһ
ɵϣֵô
ſԼˣ̾һһĨھΡ
ţ
ͷɻĿ
ңʵֵȥ
ƻЩ꣬żŮΪԼô࣬ԼȴʲôҲûиٸоġ
ʲô
⻰һʱ԰ޱȣ񣬺ǿնǶʧһǴľ
ţ
һ㶣ǻˣץ˫磬ʵôˣ˵㾿ôˣ
ȫûϵԼһھεĻŮ˵ĸд˫ҲõֻһһĻ֡
أ
ãعǰӣˮǻЩǻʵƣҶԲԣϲңԲԣ
ڷǴε¼֮һֱЩû˰ȫУƵĳ֣ΪĹǣֻŻȥһУԹˣҲɸȥ̸У
һУΪĴڣֻҪһ뵽мܵ꣬ʮ㣬ܹһС
ʱƵĻȴǴԭͺܽŵ񾭣£ޱȵĺĹǵȥ˾ͻᱼ
ɵϣ
⻰ƲˣΪ˾䣬ʱӿһɸж֣뻳У˵ϲ㣬㣬Զ
黰ˣҲҡ
ô
ˮЩȷʵ
һң÷
ҧһӨĶʱǵ΢΢һԭЩ԰׵ӿһĨ糺죬ޣ˵ڷƻУһ˫źֱ۽ıŷƣƺһ㣬ʱ÷޵ϧǽ
ƣҪӣһһ
̧ͷĶŷ˵š
ɵš
ƻҪ˵ʲôȴǴ󵨵۴ͶסȴͣԼ촽ײơ
Ǻǡ
ίģЦŭɫ£ͷȥס۵Ĵ꣬ϸϸ˱ֱõͨ죬ȴǳ˽ȥһԡ
á
뿪ʥҽʥ֮顭
ˣƴŵĽ뿪ʥҽʥ֮˵һ飬аŮ칬˴ߣСζ˴ߣˮŮΪԼûκεıҲԼصĿϸ˵
أ
УĿʵ̫ˣƣһҪǽӵߣرˮãһҪ
һŮ֣ƺԼҸһ
һģ
Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷ档

˭ҲҲУ
˭ɱ˭
һĪƴļӿ˿̣첻أɱһУ߱ħ
һ̣սȻתȻںڣһʱ䣬ԭɫս⣬ʱȻЩɫ˸
ս⣬Ȼٴνˣ
ǣȴûйעһЩ˿ֻ̣޾Ķ־
һУԴĵ̣еȥսԼܹһУһ޵еԼ
ͬһ˾ͲˣΪɲ˭޵еĵ̵ģ
㣡
ս꣬ھᡣ
ţܵģֻǣҪһɳĹ̶ѡ
ΪЩδʦ˭ǣΨȴһֱߣÿһǿˮݺᣬһʰƺԽ䵽ĩյһͣ
ûܹ쵽飬쵽ˣ
֪ôǾãҷ䲻ǣôÿһǣȴһΨһ
˵ɵ
Сֹ˵ȥĿЩ룬ƣ֪ôûΪ̫ˡ
˵黰һϣ˾ɽϣصֱƿ쳹ž˵ע⡣
ٺ٣
ճһֲˣƺЦھϷʣ޸
ÿһ֮ȺΧƣرһ֮ǿǡ
ͬԵں׶ˣôҲȥġ
߰ɣ
ƵһۣһԽߵǳԶĴȥ


920 ȫϵ
ͣ£
һŭһҫ۵İâռһҷǰе֮ϣһģͣһҲ
ৣ
ͻأģһӰǴڵ˳ʮˣЩΧסμ䣬Ƕɢ嫵ƣеһһ㣬һֲʵǵӾ

Щ̶Ц쳹ţĵӰԶ˲˽۵Ͽգ˶һ⡣
ʥҽʥŮԼɣѵҪǽȥô
һߺǵĽеƺѾ֮ˡ
ǵĿģֻǿʥŮֻĽʥҽʥƿԼУȻЩӢҩʦɱˣǿĪʧҲ˵һʼ˱ǽʥҽʥصԼ֮ˡ
ܺãѾ˰ɣ
Ӵ֮ڴĲŮһûа¶ĻǺһιЩ˵ļ䣬֪ΪΣĸжӿһɲԤУ
Ϊʵ̫ƽˣƽǺ£ƺˣԼһ
һ̣оȻһĨҪĳ嶯Լ˶ڣǻ׳ŵԭء
Ҫ֪վŵˣɶǹʥΪ½ǲľӢеľӢԸ۳ǵļҲ´ˣһҲΪԷһ
Ϊµȷǲܳ˿أȻһжһôȴǵ³
ৣ
ƿ쳹ơ졢λˣʥҽʥصʮӢ˳֮ϡ
ʢĳ棬λ˵ɫЩÿʮҲǽķΧ
ܣ֪ûʲôãǣǽλ˵
ģ
λɫ࣬ǻûϵ˾ȻĸҶ֣
ǰվڷߣɫƽûаη塣
Ϊ֧
죿ƣ
ĸ߽ǾھǴ㵵ɫ
йʥʹżطҵˣǷҲͻƲˣ޷ʲôʽġ
ѵ
һƽɫǹɲԤиǿҡ
ܣ
ǶǲԼеǸ롣
ɱĸˣȫɱˣ
һĿЩ˻ţĳһƣֱϮơ
ȻڹУƵѾ˷죬ԣ֮䣬ѡɱƣ
ȫˣ
ư磬ͻһɱİˣֱۣס˫Į˵һ䣬ϵo´ͣ˵һ㣬ԭûЯ˿ƵĻȴôģõĸжΪ֮һ
ٺ٣
һЦͻأĴǱǼһֱڷԶǻһվŵСͷժԼϵЬ¶һڰɭɭݣ޵
飡
ţǱ㶼ǿһ޴ЬӡԼ˹Ƿ׷ȫǣЬӡȴݿ࣬ݻǵֿȫһӦ׷˳ȥûаͣ٣һѪڵռڣԵĺΪ졣
ǼϢ֮䣬ĸߣʮڣǱ˳ȥûа㷴һԶֱλˣʮĿɿڴŵϴȴ˵
һĻʵ̫ˣ
ԭλ˻Ϊŷ峤ıӻ˭ֵ֪ľȻǸЩСͷ
ٺ١
ǣ˻ȴʲôҲûзһЬӣ´ϣЦŶԷ˵ʦɣ
š
ɫ΢ŻŶʮ㶵Ļ˵ͷλˣЩ˻еãȻ͵͸˵̸ɣ
˵꣬ӽ˴֮ڡ
ʼգûѪȵĳ档
ȥʰɣ
˽ȥ֮λ˻عһۣǿ˶Էڵľ벻˼顣
ৣ
˷óһߵһ˵װڣ
ǣ
ţʮжĸʮڶװ˴ڡ
߰ɣ
ѹеļص˴֮ڣۣٵʻͬһ


921 ų֮
ʥҽųǣ½Ϊϵĳ֮һЩУһǴԶʱھ˵ģ徭˶£ȴûܹ֪ƺʱڣѾڣȻкܶĹųǱˣǣԭȴɴڣû˸ȥƻ˿
޾£ܹĥһУǣЩϵĳȴǿҴ¶ûʲôۼΨй̴档
ƺЩųǾĴڣ
ңΪǣÿһųǶǳżС
Щż֮ڣɱĺۼһЩƶֹϹڵĴڣ޾Ĺ֮Ĺ
һеһжţû֪Щżôڵģͨ˶ǵ֮ǻĹʱڴҲµġ
ǣվ۷һЩϵļ壬ȴûôΪ
ΪڻĹ֮ǰЩżѾˣңЩż֮ڣűȻĹŸΪԶĹشڡ
ֻǣ޾ЩĹڻĹʱڣѾˡ
Ĺţһ˾޵ʱڣڹż֮϶ŨһʣرǻĹŵ۾Ŵõ
ഫڻĹʱڣڸų֮ڶĴڣֻǣ֮ЩǱ˴ݻ٣ŴҲ伣û֪ȥģԻĹŶ֮Ҳûгֹ
һеһоΪʲôʱΪλ幥룬ûܹҲĹŵ۾֪ҲŴҲ֪յȴûнҿ
Ϊ˽Щյףǽ֮ȫ˻ĹŶ֮ϣŴ֮ңΪ۳ǣ֣˶ΪֻǴɶѣǳ롣
ö֮֮Щԣͳеʵٴİ汾Ҳˡ
Ϊû͵ýͣȻǾʲô
ԭܶϵҲǣΨһ֪ǣֶңпܻҲǣЩϵһֱԭ
ΪֻŴĿ£ܹ˵ģƣΨ·һ

ʲôӣ˶֪ʥҽų֮ڣʱַǷɽ˺ϵƲʶˣ֮ǿܹǧ
ڹųǵҩʦܹſڣһȥѹѹһƬҲм֮࣬ң඼ҩʦԣҪģҪ֪ΪʥضǵİΣŲʡ
ԣ̸֮оҩʦܹڡ
˵ˣ
һ̧ͷȥռ䱻һͰ׹֮ڵӴߴڵռ˳
¶ȱ֮ںű֮⣬һһ㣬£Ӱĵ̴ڣ˶ǱĪӰ죬Ϊʹ޳ˮı
͡
Ļ쳹oεУУǱӳĵĸӵΰ
ҹʥҽʥغϲʵΪռˣΪھУҷƾҹ΢޷񽻸ҵ񡭡
ۿ죬ƺԼʮ⣬˶ǿһƬľ
ţΪʥҽʥؾԻȷѡ񣬻عĻһͬȼˡ
ĻһɲĿĲݵζõڳҩʦüͷ塣
ʥҽʥˣǲͱһΪ˵ĸˣ
ΪҩʦǶǸ߰ģԣҩʦĴڣֻ᳼ҩ֮߳ˣǿȨ
Ψһʸǳģʥҽʥأ
ҩʦеʥأҩԴ֮أ˵ûʥҽʥأѹûҩʦĴڡ
кܼ򵥵һ㣬Ϊվҩʦ۷ʥҽʥأҪҽĹ֮أ
߼
Ȼ󲿷мΪǣԵɱ֯ԵϮɱвʱȴû˳Ե
Ͼ˱˵ıӻʱٳ˼ǽǣ£Ҳ˵
ϣʥҽʥرֻ̲Ҫѹ˵ֱӻҪµõʥصıӻ
ƪݽ֮󣬹Ǵ߳ҩʦܹ˽ȥһ˲䣬ɫѿ˼֡
ΪЩҩʦҩĹִԶԶ
Ҫ׵Щҩʦɲô򵥵顣
ֻǣȴûз֣߽ҩʦܹʱ򣬸ҩʦüͷԽԽ
ΪУһҩʦˣûʸ߽ܹ֮ڵģ


922 
۳ʹߵ
۳ʹߵ
۳ʹߵ
λ׷ԲԵƿնǸϢ룬ɽѹӣȫûжܹסѹȥֱǵġ
ԣǵĵʵҲǲϣʥҽʥر̲ԣҲɳʹʩѹˡ
ԿĳҲ֮ˣԭΪǲܵ飬ԣ˼ҵĺôȻһԿϷȵ˼ܹ̲ʥҽʥˣǾͻˣ뱳Լĳŵվֹˡ
Ҳûа취飬Ϊ½۷Ǻʥҽʥض½ӰǱ̲ʥҽʥأǺɾͲˣʱ򣬾ҽ˸ϳ۳ǣõҲһճˣˣȴǾѾõ½൱ڣѾõ½
۳ǣ
ΪӺɽҪǸͨô֮ƷңʵҲҸѣ
ңˣҷŲõ½ǿᣡ
˵ʱ½ϣҲֻе۳֣ܹƺˡ
ԣǱֹΥҲϧ
˵ˣⰵеĽףֻ֪ǲ˵ȥͬʱΥ˭֪أ֪˭ָ˵أ
Ѿҩʦ֮ܲڵĹ֮󣬶ʱһɫǱļΪѿ
û뵽ԼôĴۣһѡΥ壡
ɫַ
ϧѾˣҲ޷ѹҹˣ
ǹһĨЦһĨâ
ʱʥҽʥŮѾǵƿصУѾΪǿеһԱʥҽʥأѾ֮ˣ
ǺǣλҲ֤ҹʥҽʥصϵ𣿡
һƵ΢Цȵĺ߽˴кƺǲ֪Ŀһ
ףԭҲڰ
ʹ߹⾪ȵĺһŸ˵ϣʲôϣǵõϢеɱ֯ɱʥҽУרŽɱʥҽʥɳĸ֣ʣʥҽʥ費Ҫҵİѡ
⻰ʱõĹɫ䣬û˴ݣеһǿ̡
̣
ҲףѾɵԼͷˣֻǣû֤֤ʵѣȻĿɾͲʹˣ
ʲôʥɳĸֶ˽ɱˣ
һֱȴϢҩʦһϢʱֿˣϢ㴫ȫǡ
ôΪʲôרȥɱʥɳĸ֣
߹ҩʦǴʱһȻ뾪壬кܶ¶εɫ
ףԼ˴ʥˣңΪǵıԹܻʥ˾޴ѹ
һ̣ǵȭͷקЩƢҵǶѪ
ǿĵʥŮΪλͬڴ˽̸ˡ
һУƺԼ˹ͬıȲɵģ
һ̣ھռ˵ļ䣬Լˣ
Щȴǻɵ˹ͷϡ
Ϊ¼ջߣ
Ȼҩȴǲȫֵˣ½˽֪ܵʥҽʥأ͵ڵõ½
̲ԼʥأǲΪ£ǲǣȴˣ̲ʥصҰģң¼ƺһֻεĴڲٿһԣߵ˽ľ档
ɫȻ䣬һ˲仹һĨŤͿƲסҪǰαЦݵļһˡ
ǣ֪ԼܣôˣʹԼɳȥɱʥҽʥصĸֵô
Ǹʱ򣬾ƿһʥŮҲ޷ҩʦŭ𣬳ʱų֮ҩʦնɱȻʥŮҲһĿܻᱻϵ
ҵʹȴǡǡ෴ѿɫжٸʹ죬ϵЦҲ͸Ũˡ
Ҫƿ½ȥɣ
ʹ˵ûȫ½˶֪ҩʦǿɹģǴ½䱦ÿһҩʦϮɱ½ʧûб˼ֻǲԸиҩʦɱϮɱ˶ѣӻҩʦȫ½岻ݴǵΣ
ʹ߳˳ֽ˵һϣҲ֪˶ٱˣ˵Ҳ߷ǣһʱǵõҩʦĺøС
ǰΪ۳Ǽ壬Ӧü縺ΣѵҲΪ˸ʥҽʥṩ֧Ԯô
ʹһ仰ֱĹһѪ˳ھܵŭ


923 ¶
仰ùλش
شˣӦǾ޳ıӻӦʱľĺڣ
һ˫˫ŵĿ⣬ŭڡ
ףԼѾ˵۳ҵĵˣҾԲ׵ĿԼ̲ʥҽʥأ
λʲô֮£ҹˣͬʱҲȥӻǣңǶڱӻǡ
ѹеŭһĺ
ȷֻҪйڵĵطеҩʦͻܵԵıӻҴûг⡣
Ȼ尡˵ֻҪйڵĵطɱ֯ðͷʵ˲ðңҪѧϰԣҹͬȫӻʥҽÿһУأҵͷ϶ܹסǵɱ֯춯˰ɣ˵أ
ʹ߿ֱӿ΢΢۾ʵ
ǿ϶
ǳ˳飬ǽ¿
òϣȻǾ͸˻ˣǵ֯첻µز£ΪʲôΨأ
ŭ𷭹ȴҲûа취ԼƿʥҽʥŮҪ̲ʥҽʥأҲܣΪҲñӻΪɲ˵ʥҽ򣬾͵ڱһΪˡ
һ뵽б޷ƽҪңǣȴ֪ⲻʵ
ӵĵ۱Ҳӵα۱ƾԼͷԸһȻû⣬ǣе֣͸޿κˡ
ԣʱ֪ˣå壬ȴҲֻܴ̣ԺֻҪڵĳУɱ֯ͲƵĳ֣ҪȻ˵й
ʹ⻰˵һ˫һãܹҲպо޴ʧ
Ǳ۾Ը˵ĹλʹǶ¶һĨЦݣ̥վҩʦܹڣĶҪôֹܷʥҽ
УʥҽٲȻѾΪһƾиĵ⡣

ৣৣ
Ŵҩʦ죬˱֪ʥҽʥصѾˣʱҩʦǶ¶ھεɫ
ǲɵӣǰľһ۾ܿ͸ܱӻõɰʵҪ̲ʥҽʥô
£ң
ЩðŮƳͶԹĿ⣬С֣Ӵڳ󣬽λˣ죬ơ
ʥŮ̫ϳϣ
ΧҩʦԱߺ
ţ
˶ǰ˰֣ɻĿ£һֱŹȥ
ǿ첽ĸȥ

ڴʱȫĳûʲôŮ˶¶ȻĿ⣬ǣλʹߵɫȴ͵һ䡣
Ϊǿˣ峤죡
죬ƣ
ɫȻâ˸ɱѹƲס˳
Ŀǰĸ󻼣ҲǱҪȥˣʱȴʥҽʥصߵһ𡭡
ҪǣôͻưʥʹĽɱģ
⻹УĲ˵ʱӦǿ˲ŶԣǴʱǿһ˫ޱ
ʱжȻһɲԤС
ˣ
ǣƾҵˣôܹܣҾͲһֱڴӪˡ
һʱڣвɻ
ҵʹߣĿⶼǷ˷ϡ
ҿǵõϢ꣬ǴӺɽģһ֮ڣΪѾ۷һϾ磬ң߻һǿĽ˴ڣ
ʱǵĿǷһԴδĻϡ
ãΪһһģһʱнһ
Ҫùˣ
Ϊǿ֪Ǹʥ׵ĳϣǱһһЬӳˣڻûأ
ɲɵӣ½ƾõ£ôôҲ
ƼȻȥ˺ɽ绹ҹĻǺʣ϶ܹԸ˵ĵƣ
ȻΪλô
ڷʥҽʥߵôҲǵ֮⣬׷׶
ʥŮ̫ϳϣ
λ˳֮ȫеҩʦߺ඼ǹȥˮ
ǵľٶʱõλһ㶣ЩӦ⾿Ƿʲô顣
ϾĿģҪһ㻹ʵʥصš
λʥǣûӻǵİΣ
վ˳ҩʦſڣھεĺš
̫ϳϣԵǶѾ֪ˡ
վǰһЩҩʦǷ׷׸ߺˮݺᡣ


924 
ǰһĻжˣ˵һһȫڰ׷ˣ
Ϊ֣Լܿʹƺʧˣ
ĿٴɨˣʱһĨɻ
ȻΪҪ߹λ³ϣǣǿɲˣǽʮˣ
ôܻᱻ
Ҳţ
ѵǴصĻ᣿
ͷԺһɫвɴҪôͽˡ
λˣҲ˽ҪƿʥҽʥأѾǲܵˣ
ģ϶ǲŻ˺£
ĿڷϣɱȻ
ǣȴǿûж֣
ΪʱҲ϶ѣ޷ѹƷ죬ңʥҽʥ֣֮ɾ͸ûпܣ
ڵȣȥɱЩ˻ֻҪһԻ᲻һеҪնɱ
ֻҪȥˣôһϾ군ˣ
ʥҽʥŮʼ̸аɣ
ĺ˿ֱ˵
˵䣬âһ㣬ӶȥӰĵ̣õɫһ䡣
صĳ
վڷߵĻűӣ˫ֲϵȶţϾӶģǻǣΧİȴǱļȣȻȥ֮ڻָ
ôܣ
ɫ͵һ䣬͸¶Ȳ˼ɫŻƵĿǿһһ
ǱɢܹܣǣԼֺϷȴǱһƽˣܹܵˣ
ǣôǰСͷôͨһԵ𾳽ѡ
Ȼˣ
ҵʹȴһ𣬲ɵıҪԶطҪֹʥҽ˼Ҳûˡ
˶һۣ˶Է˼
ֶԿң
ҲΪҵĵԣɰȻվԭأţ۱һûʲôǰڲƽģ
ǰɣ
ǰһǴһĨЦ⣬˵̸֮ǰʥҽʥЩСҪ׸ϲϲ

ŻǴݵɫ΢΢˵ҿûҪ˰ɣ̸ֱбȽϺã
ŲʥҽʥػԼ
бҪģ
ɫһ䣬תͷĻ˵ȥɣ

ʮӦһ֮󣬽ȥûãһż˴ڸ˳ȻĽЩڴ֮ڡ
˻
ڿĸ³Ҳһıӳ֮ҵʹ߶ʱǵһһƬ֡
ΪЩϲϣûмģǲ˵
޷ȥһޱȵİˣƽһЩ
ʱҩʦǶͶɻĿ⣬ΪǶЩȴǲôۣĸˣȴҲϵģǹ˵ĳϣɶʥ˾Ĵڣ
ǰĳ棬ƺЩʲô
㻹𣿡
Źżȴ㵵ɫӿһɿ⣬Щʵʵ
⻰вһ³Ҳɫ԰ס
ôܲʶЩˣȥʥҽʥŮĴ󲿶ӣΪԷһû֣ʣʥȫˣڣȴȫˣ
⾿˭ɵģ˭ܹ
ܣôܣ
˿Ѿȫû˴ݣ嵽һ³ǰһ֮󣬿ĵԪȫˡ
˻һʹ߲ɵһһɺĵӿǵĿⶼǿơ
кףûôֻһ⡭
ΪͨڣǸҲһԪо٣
϶ɵģ
ӣ
ɨһ֮󣬹ûͷֻ뿪ף϶һֲĴڰʥҽʥء

ֻһռΪƿҪ̤ȥʱһëȻӲϮһ
飡
һ쳹˱ǿֱӱķ˳ȥʺ䣬ײǽǣڵ棬Ҳûˡ
飡飡
˻ûӦʱ򣬶߱ٴδ죬³Ҳ󳾣һ֪
鷢ڻʯ֮䣬ԭֺĹ˿ѾɵѪ޴ķõЩӦ
ȫһƬž


925 
ΪΣ˶ǿ۳Ǽ峤ԿĴڣΪǾԵĿֲ
ǣʱȴĪľͱ˷ˣ
ȫ޲ĿɿڴҵʹҲĿ࣬˿̣˵ȫˣǸʥʹûг⡣

ŴŻЦڴЬĻƣʹкݺݵĳ鴤š
̫ǿˣǿѾ޷ĵز
һ̣ǲȫ˵ͨػ˵Ļ
λЩһֱڽɱʥҽʥɳֵˣգռ֮ڣٴγ֣ҪٳʥŮҵˣҿλǰȻ룡
˶ȺָŴһ԰ˣ˵ʱҩʦļߣǷ׷׽Ҫ˵ˡ
Ǽʱʱ䣬ƶʱתԭһĹ˵˳Ϊ˺ˮʥҽųڵĹʥڵһʱͱҵĸɾΪһѷ档
ˣˣ
ʹнһȻûпǸʥʹţ˵ĩѾˣ
ɽкԮҲѲƣ
Ϊǿ֪ǸòСͷǷƴӺɽģΪ˵ϲ⣬ںɽĵλܵô
ʱˣɲ̤ʵڷֹʥҽ£ǸҿˣһЬӻ鵽Լ
ûзܺõȥ
¶˼ӣǴʱˡ
ȿȣ
͵ѪǽڣĿɨȫڷͣ˿ڸǵ¶ɱ⡣
ϧƾʱһҲκβˡ
ȫϣԪѣٲȻѾǷһ
ްԼͿΪʥĹˣһϦ֮䣬ȻȫˣңȻ֪˭֣ɱģ
һԵһڵ֮󣬷ƵɫʱɷӣһʹߣֱŹȥ
꣬ҩʦԣ̫İˣֻǣȴǣʥŮԣҩʦʱǽ֮Ϊʥصˣ
ᣬȻѾһϾˡ
Ⱥ֮Уһʱ˽ԾޱȲĿǵӰ
ʣ˵ǶǸ߲ʵĴڣǣǰԾͲŶʮҵ꣬ȴѾѰ޷ĸ߷塣
Щδţûаɲꡣ
һϣܸô
ȥɽһҲ⵱֮ΪԼƣ෴ģ⻹Լƣ
ɽӵеԴ½֪ʮʣЩбȱȽǣ;ԣԼֻеȶѣ
ĿԶ
ʣʲôأЩУҲ̤ʥײ𲽶ѡ
ôվûˣ
˹ǰƲͣס˽ŲһаȵĻȣϷʵ³
С֣ʲôģбɱңʥʹǱģǷңʥҽʥأͨͨᱻɱȿȣ
˫Ŀŭ𣬿ȣӣ׺ݵĻǵеһ֮ǰƽǾģΪֶļˡ
ô
˿̣ȫмһĻ˶ɡ
Ŷ
ûа෴ǵĻȸӵˣﵭĮ˵룬ûǸˡ
ʲô˼
⻰һǲԤٴӿϡ
ĸ³ϣʮڶˣҲ
ģⲻܣʥʹŵ۱½ûĶ֣
ҡͷԸš
ǰʥʹҲˣǲʹ˶ˣ
ֻһ⣡
Ʋûɵĳʵɱ֯ɱ֣ǲǲɳģ

ĴЦƷ񲣬дУҹ׵ģǲʹߣգЩڽͽȻҽɱʹߣ񣬲Źǵģиĸǿʹ·Ǿ͵ɣ
Ļõɫһ䣬ɫǺѿ
ǿʹߣǸûжǿ
ô
ɫƽ΢΢һĨĻȣ΢µʥɽҳȥģ
ʲô
仰ĴЦȻֹޱȴ㵵Ŀǰꡣ
˵ɣȻһὫ͵ʥɽȥġ
ʱڹУƾǵĶħһ㣬Ϊ¡
ͻعʥɽ
һ룬Ӳ͵һ͸¶ֵɫ


926 ӳȥ
ѰʥԱִʧܵˣصʥɽҲܽͣұԺǣΪʥĺĳԱĹʥڵһЩ涨ָƣΪˣź£
ʵģƻʧˣҲʥʹҲѾɱˣʱԼͻعʥɽ
䲻ٴδһɫ˼֡
ʵ˵ˣǲܸһʹ죿
̧ͷǰ꣬УȻζ
˵£µʥڵЩ̣һһʩչÿһϸڣǼǵļΪ
ֻҪ㽫˴ڵĿ˵ˣұ֤ҾԲͻعʥɽ
ǳһĨЦ⣬ڱ֤
ЩЦʥˣôô»ȥʥɽأ
һİ취ԺԼȥã
Ŀһ۷ƣȷû˵ѵĺۼ֮󣬲ĺ˿ǻĽһеԵ˵˳
˴ڵĿģҪƿ½۳Ƿңǵһڶ̲ʥҽʥأΪֻҪ̲ʥҽʥأѾͬƿ½ˡµûɱ֯ȷǹ˰нģΪģϮɱľӢӵܣ
һɴӹ˵ȫһƬ˶һķŭĵģǺ޲ý֮ǧУǴλڣ³ײˣǼҪˡ
˵Ϊֱԣ
ʹߣʱɫҲǷǳѿ˼㡣
뻢ıƤ
Ź˵Ұ붯оһ¡
ĸƿʥҽʥŮ½綼ᱻʳɾ
Һĳ֡
ǲЩˣ˷ˣֱҲûеӸȥΪУô֪
رһ޷ܡ
ϴžĿںţǣȴ˵޵ߵĵɱ֯Ĵʼߣ
Ŀģõз
ѹ֣ɱ֯רŽɱЩ츳ˣҲκ
һеյ׾ڹһϯб⿪
ˣĶħʹߣȪԴ
ɱɱɱ
Ҳ֪˭ȺʥҽųǶˣɱأɷӡ
ʱ죬λˣ˿
̺ܾգǣһжѾĽˡ
ţϢһȥû˻̹˵ĴڣǹʥٴҲԻ⵽ȫ½ĵ粽У
ڣɱ𣿡
ΪĶŷʵ֮ھ
ܹʹȥ˵ƺѾһˣûԼȻôһ֡
ȥǷңȥжá
ˣԹ˵ĵ̣ǶңҲаս֮ǣΪ˼ʧѡ˵ʱķҡ
һһƺͰźõģעԼ
ɱ㣿
ƵĮһۣתȥЩҩʦĻ˵̫ˣԳȥ

Ȼ꾿ʲôݣЩʶӦһץһڵϵĹŵȥ
һҲڽȺУЩԭѾŭҩʦͲסǰһٿߣϣҽ˷
˵һʹģСˣ
ڱһ֮󣬹ҵ۾ŷ˻
Ԫб٣ùȴһ黤ץСһţĪķ̡
ֻ˵ͻعʥɽ
ת˵ţûаУޱȣõʹҲһ
ѾСȵЩͷι˷Ƶͷϣң֮ΪԲǵĶ
ˣõӣ

һ㶣˻ĺţǱһƺʹҽ
ʱͻȻЩԼʹǿˣΪĥȥ
峤
ʹ߶һۣǰʹ߿˵ΣҲŲ˹˵ıҸе಻Ӧ飬峤
ǿƵĹ˶ſˣʲô
Ψеͷˣ

ҲƤЦⲻЦĻӦš
ңһøҲûУǲûа˶Ըң⻹һ˿ߣȻҲҴ


927 ٵ۷
ҪѾƲɵˣʹзǳˣͳ˷ҵ̤ʯ
ңӭһع۳ǣԸԷΪף
ʹֿĶŷ˵
ǰǵ۳ļҵĴڣԭΪػ½İΣԱ°
ʹҲǹά˵ţƪ
ʵӭҪ֮ô˵ѾЩֺõζˡ
Էܹɱ˵ʵϵ۳ǵһңȻ顣
лλˣ˻в⻹Ҫλѵİ
ϴŹʽЦݣ˹˹֣ȴǺ˵ţҪҲˮ
ֻҪҲԹ˵˶֣ôɽôҲŻӦ
Ȼп¼ٴݣҾԻǽͷݣ͵ģԸ
ԣôһ˵˶ԵЩԥˡ
ȻǻǲԸ֪ǳ
ٺ٣
һЦǶڣȥǱǼǹ˼ɵˣһɭ׵ݣʱǶɵһ
峤ģԣ˵ö֮ҶȫԸ
˶һ֮󣬲ɵĶ̾һʹߴϵ˵ǰģҲе岻ݴǵζ
ˣˣ
¶Ц˹˹֡
²˳٣͸ˣ
ǿ䣬˱Щסˣռ̤ȥƺźˮһ

ߺ󣬷ҲܲסЦһȫй˳ȥ
Դӵ۱߱ʧ֮󣬷ҾҲû˵üˡ
һУġ
Ǻǣ
ƵҲһĨǳǳĻȡ
÷һᵽԭе۷λãͬǲܵ飬ڣȴɵô׾٣оɾ͸С
Ҳ۽ĸˡ
ţλ˵һݽڳȫ½еԹַ
Ƕ̶̵İ飬ԭȨĹ˾ôնݳʣɱ֯ҲһЬӳûˣҲû½ֹ
ҲõķٴθпʥɽͷãȻôЩ˿֤ݲС

ԭλ˴ֱΪʥҽʥصʥģǣڷƵȰ˵£Ҳûʽ
ϾһǲֱӽԼĵƸô
ʵģܹΪʥҽʥʥˣ֮ɣ
㣬½ĴǷǳ
죬ҲǴҴææĸϻȥ˷ҡ
Ƿҵ峤̬ת䣬ûаʱ䣬еһУҪȴȥ
ڷһ»صʥҽʥ֮Ϣһȥʱʥ֮ڱǷˣĴǳϲա
ϲ˵ĺÿ˶Ҫ̲ʥء
ڻصס֮λٴθ˷һϲ
ũҩͨϡ伶ҩȫ׼ҩҲ׼˺üʮ꣬ôƱֻʮҩܽũҩϼصҩռȫˡ
һǸʱũҩϵҩʵΪʵ֮ɾΨһһλʥҩʦˣ
ɽӦøռһЩɣ
õЩҩ֮󣬷Ҳϲ񣬶ЩȱٵҩҲ˴㡣
ԭΪָҩ̫࣬ԣһֱûпҪʵϾ켶н׵ҩԣ˵ҲѾˣǴʱֻͬȱʮҩ֮еҪʥҩʦôһء
Ϊ켶۷ҩʦҲֻ۷Ĵ˶ѣƺʥ˵ĴҲΪ΢ǻܹƾֹϵҩһصĴˣǾ͸ް취ˡ
ǣũҩȴǲͬ
ҩЧ֮صֻ߲߲ͣ
λô˵ģľʥصĹżũҩ˽⣬˷ӵš
ԣЩƾָλ˵£Ҳһֱͣҩζͷʧȥζˡ
ÿҹʱȻ޼䣬ǣһû
УҲԼ뷨λϸȫг
ɽ磬ʥҽʥصĹżҲйЩ΢Уǽɽǻʳ½򲻹ʳ֮ڵһСѡ
֮Ĳ֮࣬


928 Դ
ڷƽɽʥ˵һ֮λû˿ԥһڴӦ
նʥǸԴڣһ첻޷ΪǶףһҰĵпܻٴξǸʱǿ϶ȡӲбֶΣпʥҽʥػ⵽ֱӵĴ
ԣλûпܲӦϾȥʥѾڱˣ
ңݷԣȫҲû⣬Ϊʮ۹ᰲűӻû˺֮ǡ
ǣţˣô˴ȥɽأ
һҹ˾ҹƽ˳
ʦʲô
˺󼸲ԼһµĿŷƣõķǺݺݵĳ˳飬޲ýһʬ
ô˴ȥɽ磿
ûĵһۣǳʵ
ǾͿ۳ǵͨǼֱ޷ôȥɽ磡
ΪΣ
Ĳ𰡣Ҫ֪һλŻķݲϣɼЩϵϡˣرǡԴʯƾãԴʯܹ֮Ϊʥ
ҡ
ƱֱӾܾһɣǸĿˣٺ٣ƾҵ޵ܹһͨǣҪԴʯά֡
ҪԴʯ
ƵüͷʱΪ֪βܵõԴʯ
Ѿܲˣ
Ʒ˷ֱۣͨϴĿռת󣬶ҿֱͨͬһλãֻҪԴʯάֶͨĴڶѡ
ͬһλã
һ
ҲȷҪȵ۳ǵǸҪǿ࣬ңҲҪЩĸֲϣѾռ˺ܴˡ
ҪԴʯſԣ
ٺ٣֮ͨͨҿԽһάֵͨĴһΣܹһٸˣҪһöԴʯ
һЦ˵
һٸһöԴʯ
üͷǽ塣
˵Ǳõ۳ǴҪԼ࣬ǣԴʯңʮԴʯܴһٸ˶ѣҪһ۹д͵ĳУ붼ҪǧҩʦУʮ۹ҪٵԴʯ
΢ļһƱǸоͷƤЩ顣
Դʯô룿ҿ϶۹϶óԴʯ
侧쾧治𣿡
ȻС
ҲЩûˣһ浱Լôܣ

ЩεӣڨڨһЦʵԴʯ侧ʲôͬʲôã
ߣ
һڵϣ۾˵侧ֻܲԪĶѣǣԴʯȴܲʥģ
Բʥ
һԴʯˣѹִʱԼòϡ
ܹʥ֮ΪʥҲûʲô׵ˡ
ң֪֮и̫಻Դʯˣɲ侧Ҫж٣ʱʥ֮侧ûõ£Ĵж޷ʹá
һ̣Դʯ̶ȡ
Դʯôγɵģ
ЩڴĿŻƣҪ֪ԴʯԺη
ΪҪԴʯܽҩʦɽ磬Ȼһжǿ̸ѣҪʥңңڡ
Դ磡
һĨâǻ˵Դ֮ڣԴޣȽԽߵԴޣ̳ԴʯļʾԽߡǣԴǾԴʯˣһԴʥҽᵽɽȥˣٺ٣
Դ磿Դ
һ㶣м֮࣬ȴǶԴΪİǱʵԴʲôط
Դһռ䣬Ϊ⣬ԴʯԴ֮أսԴʯΪʥƻ󣬵ʱԴ˾޴ˣѣԣڸйԼʥ˲ýԴ֮ڣȻ彫ַ
ƻ˵ţɫ
ڣ
һЩ졣
Ȼ
һۣԴʯڸ嶼ž޴ջộ
Ҳǡ
һĨȻ
岻ǿ壬෴ģ֮Ϊųǿѡ
ʥ˲ڡ
Ҳ÷ƸоΨһϲĵطˡ
Ҳǣ۷ǿߣǿһСռܹܵˣ½ʥ˶˳֡
ôһ鱦ĵطȻҪصصıˣȻ֮ǿɾʲôûˡ
ԴһԴ㹻ˣ
ھǾâ˸δ֪Դڴ
ȻûҪھͼȥԴ磬ΪĿǰʵ徫Ӣ棡


929 
ʱԷһϵʵڽź£ô϶ܱһ۷ʥ壬ǣȥԴģǾԻǸľӢӹɣȻȥԴʯ
ңҲԲֹɳЩĿǰʵܿ⼸˵Ϯɱأ
Ҫܳ׵ƿ۷ʵԴۣҪȻǷһԴƾʵܹصס
ңԴĵطǿԴڣһҪѰ
Ҫ֣
ֻأ
һ뵽ˡ
һ˾ʵȻôܹǱ볬֮ڣ
ƾһ㣬֤Ĳˡ
Ҫϵ
ȥɽ֮ǰԭǴֱȥ칬ģԣֻӦûȥ칬

Ժ渡ֳŹɫ˼䣬ǣҲ΢΢һǳǳĻȡ
֪ôȥ칬ɣ
ĺ˿ѹе֣һڵϼµĻʵ
ţ
۾ЩɻĿ
ȥԴ֮ǰұȥһ칬
̧ͷϵǳд޵ꡣ
Ů칬ߣ˵ĸԵǣǸһ⡣
ҪŮѣ
Ŷ
¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬ٺ٣ʦСˣϵ֪һ룬µ֪ųɣ칬ôܻ᲻֪أ
ţ£Ǿȥ칬
Ƶ˵ͷɽµһСľȥ

ƣ
峿һɤűľ𣬾˷ơ
ϣ
Ʋһ㶣ڱӿһĨϲ˴齣˳ȥ
Ȼľǰϡ㡢ͯ˶վ϶Ǵżϲá
˵Ϊ꣬ǵ˷츲صı仯ûҲԼ˻ںʳʥɽ
Ϊľټԣһʥҽʥ֮󣬶ܵӣܵǰ޷ĵһΪǳֱҵʱ䣬Ⱥͻ𣬽֮ǰҲ硣
Уڵ̵£㣬٣˳ϣѾξĴڣңϼӦľʣʱʵһѣڣѾʥҽʥرĴڣ⣬Ժ϶Ϊʥصĵƣ
ʥ壿
֪ΪΣܾãЩŹ֣һУΪ֮ʱӶгһؽľԭ
û˵ĸʥɣ
Сˣ
ϴЦţǰľ͸˷һȭֱؿڣ顯죬ûۣȭͷЩľЩ㵵Ŀŷơ
Сʲôˣ
ϸһŷ֣֮ǰһֱûиԼ꣬ʱΪѾһĪĵز
ѹֻʥڵЩϸӦ
һ˵ͯ嶼ЩȻĿŷƣȴĻش
ǰøͻһϾ硭
ͷǴһĨЦ˵
ʲô
۾ɵԲо֮͸¶Ȳ˼ɫǰ꣬ǿһͷĪĹһ
⡭
ͯҲͫĿ࣬ĿɿڴĿþ˵
رǳϣһƵʱ򣬷ƲŸոͻ龳磬жᣬżʱ䣿
ʾ簡ʥ֮µ۷壬˳֮Ϊܵľ磡
ǰǶʮ꣬ȴˣ
ѾﵽԪǲף˵ļѣһ˫ͨ۳һ忪һϵġ
СӣȻǹ
ϹһĨЦһĨ
ԼľԽԽԶ
ˣ˻ͬѡ
ǰؿһ˽ǴЦ
ȷ˻һҲõԶڳˣƣǵõ˸ߵĻѡ
ҪԼŬȥȡģԼ
ټ֮ǶǾҪȥˡ
ƾʵ½Աûġ
˵Ĵ£³Եס
ʥҽʥصĵλǲͰŵһʦĳƺţңȥ꣬Ѿɹһͨ鷲
ܹͨ鱦ˣǷڸʥأܵϵĴ
ԼȻûпˡ
ǰߣгϲ
ָо³Ե֮Իܹõ󻡶ȵ
ܹô³Ե½Ƕָˡ
˶ĳɾͣƷĵΪǸеˣرǰ㣬оԲʥô򵥣


930 ѭ
ʥ֮ڣ羰续ҩУҩӣƬضŵķ㣬żɾûʲô
λ˵Ĵ£ٴμƬ


һҩԴ֮أ
ũҩʵӦþҩ԰ɣ
Ʊ˫վҩԱߣؼҩϣһƬƽ͡
λվ󣬶һۣ֮ڶӿż
Ȼһֱûйϣȴ֪꣬һ֮
̫ˣΪϣ٣ԶԶĳǵ֪Χ
ţʥҽʥأ
ɽ磬֮ǰҲ飬ǣȴѾںɽʮ۹ùϵֻҪԴʯĹӦɽ磬ָտɴ
ÿһ֮ԼŨһʣţ꣬Բκһ֮
ৣ
֣ƽָڵ꽨ľ˳תλʵ꽨ľֲܹ𣿡
ľ
λ˽һϸĴһ֮󣬶ǾȻǽľ磡
ľľľļ̬һأǼֵǣǰһ꣡
Ϊʥҽʥصƶˣλôܲǰ꽨ľļֵ
˵Уľ֮ϲſܴ
䣬ýľǲ࣬ռҵǣǳ˻Ϣ֮ڣľпܳɳô
ԣҪľһʺǧѵ顣
ǣǰƬ֮ũҩ֮ʱµģʥҩľ
Ȼԣ
λ˽Ӧ
Ʋ֮ҲӦ
ľ޼֮꽨ľɳܹ֮ʥҽʥضĺô
пܣǵ֣ᱻһֱȥ
ãȥֲ
ǴӦƱǻ𣬳ҩмƬƮȥһƬë֮ϣϵСҲûѹ䡣
ûԥľмλãʱһɫľ֮ڣ֮󣬱ֱĴѸٵ֮ڵӪ
ʱΧҩڵҩҲڿٵıţۿɼٶڼ١
ڷƵ֮ʣһĻˡ
ľǼƬССҶɢӨӨ֮⣬µĴµأ֮ڣڻݽߡ
ģ˫֮䣬ȻһССѭϵ֮䣬ɡ
һĻڷУɵһһĨĪļ¶ôվŽµ꽨ľ磬þûл
δ
ѭ
ȻֻһСѭǣ棬ƿϢݽߡ
һˣȡԪʱ򣬾ʹδ˼Ҫػֻ֪һζȡԲŵؼԪսݽߣؼѭԣûԪ׿ݽߡ
ˣֽԪҲѾǰˣԲŵܹʵ۷ԽԽ١
ǣǰȴǲͬ
꽨ľֻ֪һζȡôݽߣҲǳ飬ǣȴĻѭһ֮ɵľ棬ݻ񤣬ľҲңƿ֮䶼ǵõ˾޴ĺô
ľ磬õ˳ɳ̺ҲԽӵŨ
Ʋ֪꽨ľô쵽ģܶѣ
ͬľïʢɭ֣ľҪɳҪȡеӪɷ֣ǣ˭Ƭɭֵؿݽˣ
ǣľԽΪïʢɭ֣ؾͻԽӵķ֣֮䣬һѭĴô
ģ꽨ľһԣˣ
أܹѭأΪβܣ
ʱƽԼǽľأ֮ء
ҪԼ֮䣬һѭ
ʱֻǵѣ˿ûоãһѭǽᷢʲôδ֪飬Щûпǹ
ϸ壬֮ʱû⣬嶼һֻ֪ȡԣǵľ磬Ҳǡ¡ѣ
ʥˣ˵еĴۣжѭֻأ
ܺƴÿȡԪǺǸƽ˼ƻ죬ܹأǣӲ
Ϊǲѭԣ֮䣬ضһ
زȻ
ǹž޲꣬λһȻ׾Ƿʲô飬ȴûгϡ


931 غһ
Զ֮ʱи񻰴˵һλoһԲӵͨ쳹֮ܣԣ֮Ϊ֮
Ȼ࣬ǣ仹ǿɼ֪жٴʥ¿ֱһ̣ɲףλoģ£ʲô
ûףһգⲻգԣͳΪ񻰴˵

Ƭ֮ϣޱȼ򵥵һĻ÷ƶˣ
ҪѭԼҪȡĳԵԪСѭǣصĴѭ
ǧԲ飬ǣȴ¶֮Уδ֪ĵ;
һһĳؽһУƾԺͻȻǸ
ˣ
֮ڣˡͻأתУѾͨϿ֮ڸǵ̡
̺أһֱڲϵı仯Ÿָ̬ƺڲϵĳֵǹŹ֡
һתۼһֱž޲ûаһֱڳϵĶͣˣõλ˸ɻ󣬶Ϊζʲô
ģλеãƺԼڼ֤ЩʲôһԣһֱûҪ߿ǾվڣĿڷƵϣƺǺ´ĳһϸһ
ڵʱ򣬷ǸϿ¶̲ĻȣģƽƺҪ۳ĳһĴڡ
¡¡
ͻȻ䣬͵ը죬һʱ䣬֮䣬ӿը죬ԭʵɫڸǣѹѹһƬֱѹ棬һַϢĴ
ʱʥҽʥڵȫ˶ǲȻĿϵ䣬ͻ֮ǵ֮ڶ¶Ŀ־塣
һ̣ǲžؾȻ˿£Լͷ嫺еһСôĲۣһ˾ܽԼ
һ̣ǲžãԭԼ˵Сֱ΢رҲԼһֻϰˣ
ţ
ҩ֮вϽŸҩĻͻȻ˫ֱϵ䣬ʱɫ䣬⾹Ȼǡ
˵䣬֮ھȻŲƺǼʲôȲ˼һ
ôܣֵطԣѵǡ
ţͻȻģһֱʧԭأûгֹһ㡣
ѽ
ؾɫʱ̣ˣС͵̧ͷ¶һɫţӳһӰֱӳȥ

¡¡
һɲľ֮˸쵴ը죬ǲ췢ŭҪ䣬һɻš
ʱʥҽʥ˶쵽˲ͬѰ̫֮ͻȻˣȴûаǷΪ֪顣
ৣৣ
С򼸺ͬʱλߣǵĿ⣬ǿƬ֮ꡣ
Ȼڡ
һﶾ۹⣬Ȼһ۱ͿڵأģǶһۣǿ˶Էڵ𺳡
һ϶ѣҲô
нǺݺݵĳ鴤ţֱԼ۾
޷һһ֮ô
ǵԼҲûɣ
ǣǰľڸǣʵ
ãһϵΪܹ췣
Ƶɫ͵һ䣬һƬࡣ
Ȼ֪˷Ϊ֮ˣ췣٣ǣ޷ţƾȻһϾ췣
ʹʱƬƵǿȣ۷壬һ֮£Ҳܹɱ
ΪǿһϾµ췣Ѿ˸޷ֿ
ңǸոտʼѣҲ˵췣ܻ
ѽ
СʱҲһأŻƵͽһ
ף췣Լܣûܹ
ɫѿĵ˵ͷԶɹž޲꣬ǺһţĳɳѾǵԤƣŹ췣ǽǰδеĺôǣʧܵĻ
췣ʲô췣û˸ǣ
һ۷˶ɽ٣ʥ˴룬ôǸʥ˱ᴥ췣Ӷήٸӿֲ췣Ǹʥ˵ͷϡ
ԣ˶ɽ٣˶ţܾߡ
̸ɫ䣬û˸ȥ췣Ǿ·һ


932 
һ;Уԣһ̶ȵʱ򣬾ͻ췣٣ǶɽٳɹӵиΪǿʧܣǾΨ
ǲпģǣҪȥǾͱǰ壬Ϊֻп۷壬пҵ֮
һ׷飬ҲĿģ

û֪ܹܲ˵еoܹ಻𡭡

¡¡
׹Ƭ֮䣬ĩյľĲ
ѵǴ˵е췣ʥ˱뾭췣ô
ʥҽʥ֮ڣ׷ԲԵߣϵ䣬
żм£ֻʥеһ̶ҪٴͻƵʱ򣬲Ż췣
ʥҽʥ֮ھȻ˵Ĵڣ
ǽǾȻ׷׶Щϲ֮󣬶ǻ˵ǵɫ
Ϊżϼأܹɹ췣ˣʮһ
Ҳ˵ɽٳɹļʲʮ֮һ
ʥҽʥأ
˶ǹȥĬĬš

Ʋһ϶ѣȻ췣Ϳ֪ˡ
ȻһϾ漰ֲΡ
ھǸп벻˼ɫ
ףΪλڴ˵ضôģ
Ȼ츳
ʱòˣҲʵʵķˣΪУȻҲһ֮ȵ
ѽ
һԵСҲǼĵ˵ͷɫ̬ΪԻ
ɲǶɽٵĵطǻһطȽϺá
ɨܣૣֻ֣һڵرǱռ֮ڣѷȴûк£ܹ
췣ǾԵĻɽ٣ôƬҲܵص𻵣ޡ
ΪƵʧ췣Ҳʧ³ռ֮ڣĸŷƣҪ֮ɱһ
ţ
ķΪռɣλ˹һǷСƵĴڡ
һһޣǷǳĹ죬Ǹڷߣرǻƣһɲܣõλ޷ǡ
ǿǿһ޷ĵز
ԣܹ롮֮ڣҲ⣬ϾԳ֮
ǣֻСأ
ûаûκιôģ
λ˶һۣǿ˱˴ڵ𺳡
Ȼܹ֮ߵûһǼ򵥵ģ
ǣһޣվԭأĿռڵĶ̬

ô£ˣ
Ҳ죬ȥĸ죬ת۱ʱ̿գõʥҽʥڵ˶ǲ⣬оɻҲ𰸡
ٲ׵Ҳʥ֮ڿ϶֪Ĵ¡
ɽ֮ˣǵ۳Ǽ壬ҲûǿĴڰɣ
ϣǿˣʥ

ռ֮ڣǰУһһ׷ĳһ
ˣ
֮ڣˡζǸѾ򿪵Ͽ֮ӳ̸ۣ仯ĻȣԽԽСѾܽӽдڵǸǸһֱ׷
֮£ͷĽҲԽԽŨɢϢΪˣһ˸ľףģһ£ؼơ

󣬻ɫǳ˼֣а
ԭΪֱӶɽˣ˭֪ƺԤȽ׶Σʱ̲صѾӽͻʥˣ
һͻʥףôһϾֿܹ꣬סô
Сһۣǿ˶Էڵĵǡ
򵽵ľʲôȻǿ췣
ҲЩ벻ͨһһϾôģ
뵱֮ʱΥµ췣ĳ̶Ҳûôֲ
ӽ۵һʼѾԶԶĳһһϾܹ֮ܵļޣʲôز򣬲Ĵڣ
ʹ򵽵ĴڼĲ򵥡
ҪǸô
Ŀռ֮ڵķϣʵ
ѽ
Сԥǵ˵ͷ
ֻһԭǴʱõģˣʱ򡭡
üͷ壬г˵ǡ
Ҫ֪ƿɲֹǰϣġˡоŸϿףʱ򣬻֪ᷢʲôء
ѽ
СһҲε
ţҲֻˡ
Ƶ˵ͷӦ
Ҳȷε췣Ѿ˿ϵ췣̶ȣβãʲôʱã


933 췣
ռ֮ڣѾˣ죬ѾˣǰĹž޲һoһ㣬췣֮£ΪϢȴ޶ԣƺѾûʲôӰ쵽ˣ
ͣ
һ绡߷裬ϣȴʯһҡ׵Ϊ
ôôãѵûͨ
ׯ԰ڣ΢΢üͷΪ췣ٳû£һԣСҲһɻ벻⡣
췣ȥɲʲô°Խã۳ҲԽ󣬶ңͷŵʱҲԽǿʱѾ޳Ҳһܹס
ãѾƿ׼֮ȻҪǰˡ
׵ĵķƣֲ˿
󲿷һҲһΣǣǱϣôп㾡һҲ޷ҵǸ
ҺãѾƿ׼ԣԳ˵޷׵֮˵ȴҲһ㣬Ӱ첻̬
йŹ֡
ͻȻģüͷһһĨã
Ϊ֣ķƣȴżȻһֲڵĸоƺѾصĸо
ĸоǲ⡣
ô
һߵС򣬷ҲԼò˶٣ƺҲⲻˡ
ΪⲻǵϢҲѹǡ
ƺأ
мƺǷȱʲôҲֻǲʱѣֻżôһִ
ǣ˭ǰôִܳأ
ʣģңӦйء
ţǲЩڴҪ֪ƾǶʲô

¡¡
ը첻ϵ쳹ڵ֮ڣ߿裬ƺҪһ
ˣ
ͻأģЩ֮£һصһ̣ƺΧزһֹһɺƥĴϡ
ڣĿ
ŴӡˡϿ׵̣Χںһĸо÷е
û뵽ԼȻˣศڣ
Ѿץסˣ
ȻʱܹȫغһǣѾܹܵΧеصĲ
Ҳǡ
ѭ֮
ֻǣڲſһ϶ѣܹȫͨҲ޷ȥȫµġ
¡
ͻأģһֱ۴׳ľڽ֮۶ɣƣֱŵķơ
ţ
Σյѹõķֱ˹ʱŷԼͷϵ󣬶ʱë
ˣ
һͼǴؿӿȫڣһӨ׵սһ㡣
ɱ
һǳ֮׼֮ս֮۶ɵľ޽ϣ𣬳׵նȥ
¡
£ھ쵱У޽ѣһ˲䣬ƱǱ˳ȥдڴڵѪ
ôܣ
һƬ׵֮ǿѾϴհĹˣ
ʱҲһƵ绡ǴޱȱϢʴÿһϸǻһˣʱѾЩ绡ˣӵ׼֮ķƣȻܵ˴ˣȴҲûʲô󰭣׼֮תһȦЩĵ绡󲿷ֱǱż⣬Ȧˡ
ʱҲȽңѪ죬ũҩ£ѾѸٵˡ
ۣ
һֱ߾ͱۣһƬƬƬӵĸй졣

һƿ쳹һ˫޴Ļչֿ񱩵ϢϯȥΧĿռ䶼ǱȾͨһƬ
¡¡
ӽ֮ڣٴ۳һΪ׳׵磬ǵصĻϢֱҪһ
ӡ
һׯ࣬һֻֻɫĴӡ㱻˳ֱӳӭȥռһƬը
˻
׵࿹ķƣλ˶ɵһһƬ֮ɫ
Ǽֱ޷ƾôģΪܹͣ쵽׵ǿȣʱǻ⼸۷ȥѾƬˡ
ǣһһϾˣȴǳܹܵˣ
Ǹոտʼѡ
һվŵĻȴû˿ķɣңüͷѾһ


934 
¡
һը󣬷һεı׷˳ȥѪҪǮһĴ£ֽҲѾòȾѪɫ
췣һαһȵҪ󣬴ʱƲõķӡ޷谭Ƕһȫƣǿᣬһ£Ҫ
ľף÷հ죬Ҳܹ׵ĽԼķӡƣ
ԣЩ绡֮޷֮⣬ÿһ绡ƺٹ̣ƻһУЩ޿κΡ
ôģ
ͷؽƣǾǿ⡣
ûԼץסһȻõԼ־֮С
ӵ츳ӵлźһףܽɻҽ
ѵǴ˵е췣
ϴλἰ֮ʱ췣٣ǰƺûʱɫһ䡣
췣ֿԽһѹ壬޲̸ɫ䡣
¡
ûнڲĵ绡ڵʱһڽ۶ɣдȰ׳һһ㣬Żصƣֱֱĳͷ¡
ӡ
ʶģ˫ֱǿٵһӡɫӡʮųһֱߣԼͷ

ٵһ㣬ſֲƥƣֱֱһɫӡ͸飬Ʋɵĳŷ¡
ƣ
ƾɱƿգƣӲȥ
¡
һľ죬ƾǱײһ㣬ֱǸƼһı׷˳ȥѪ䣬ؿڸһƬѪģĲӣѪ˳ŴڲƺҲ˻״̬

վׯ԰ڵĻƼĻ֮󣬾ЩͲסˣ֣óһ貵ɫЩׯ࣬췣ֻܿԼˣ
ѽ
Ҫ貵ƵʱСһǰֹĶ
ô
΢΢һţüͷ˵ʱ򣿡
ѽ
Сĵ˵ͷ
췣ͲһõĴᣬŵԽãõ˺ôȻԽ
ǺãٵȻᣡ
ƳǴӦĿһֱŷƣֻҪһԾͻὫе׳ȥסơ
ʲô
λ˶Щ㵵Ŀе貵
ȻûɢֲϣǣȴҲޱȣǿһۣǶһǱɵĴƺǰĶһڶһܹһС
Ǿʲôˣ
λ˶ǿĳһﶼһڱӻƣʱ׷׶ڲǵݡ

ȿȣ
ǱڵʹѵģȳѪɫֽͬһ
ʱڵѾĲˣ
ɼδȥ´Űĵ绡Щ޲ˣҪɾԲһʱ飬ȻũҩθûκЧǣͷϷ췣ܸôʱ

һĪչʱڴһˮһϤʱõķԭЩήҵľʱһ
ǹ
һϲЩȡ
ܣĿܵģͺûܰ첻顣
ˣƺֻһ
׵ľ֮ģֱڣҲףܾʲô
Ȼָ֮еĵ绡Ǳ⣬ңҲһ˲޸ʱʱӵһһƬˬ˱ըԵ
ԺҪಶࡣ
жʱôһ
վ֮еϲöʱͲɣΪ֮ڣһ֮ǰΪֲľѾ̶ɡ
ô
ɫһתһ֣óһ貵Բ̡
ӡ
ڵ̷嶥ʱӡΪ˴ǳ֮Աͽĵز
ӡ
۾һüͷҡҡͷ˵Żָ˲ܣҲ֧Ų˶á
໣
ڷǳ׼֮Ĵ߶£ӡԲϵ·ȫĪĴԲ̱ϵĴڣʱһͷ貵ĴԲڳ׳Хצֱӭµľס
¡
ҵײһ𣬱ͨ쳹صը죬ǰһƬͨ


935 ־
ռ֮ڣƣһƬĩյľһɹŰǳϫһ㳯˷ϯȥҪǷʥҽʥأʥضᱻˡ
췣֮ǿ˹
ƻӨӨ˸˸紩ףӨսһ˫ûκʵ˫ȶ񱩶ֿɲϢɲƬ켫£ֻƬϣһԲ̣ޱȣƹӣġ
ӡİ£ʱǿĵס췣ʱǱȽɡ
ӡ֮ڳĴһ۳ͬƺԼԣԼƣƸеǣƺܹ췣׵
ÿһζײ֮ѿͻſ죬ˮһĽΧɢ׵ɡ
췣Ҳܹɣ
ƴʱЩĿɿڴˣЩԼ۾
ǻһȻǿԼƺڷƵƿطΧ֮ڣԼ˼룿
ĸоڱǿ
еӡȴûʲô仯ƺЩ˵׵ûдԲ֮ڣ
췣ӦҲطΧɣ
ٴο׵Ļ棬͵һһĨ¶
Ϊأศɣ֮ǿȻ󹹽һѭ
˵췣Ҳ֮ڣǲ˵ԼҲܹЩ췣׵磿
һʱ䣬һͷһʥ۶ͷ
ȻԼΪأôӦþܹؼ
оôģ˸׵磬ھȻһḬ̃ɫ
ףЩ׵ֻԣ׼Ӧðء
Կ
ֳӡôȥ۾ˡϿ׵Ĩ̡
ʱһںϵĴ
Ҫʲô
Сһãڸʲô
롭
Ʋ΢ĵһоѵҪ췣
ѽ
СҲһԻȻ
ӣ췣ôܱأ
ƲЩܼҪֹĶǣѾˡ
¡
޴ܹһУҵ貵Ĵײһ𣬽źȻѣ£ڷǿеĿ£ûȥЩ
ˣ
µĵ绡Ʊ۾ȫϿ¶Ĩµ̡
һδ󵨵ĳԣԼҲûпǹʧܵĺǣǳɹͽþ޴ĺô
ˣ
µ̱۳֮һĪĴϱ쳹ÿһ䣬þòϢ
ʱ򣬷ܾѰԪһʼΧµ׵
ʱܾʱƺͳΪһеģΧɢ׵ȫǱ˹ȫڡ
ԭ䱩֮ǹĪ쵴£ȻƽͨؼһȫǰתţѰԪȣûʲôֻǣûƽ֮ǰһ˶ѣȴڳܷΧ֮ڡ
ǣ⻹û꣡
ĵ£ڣӿһԼҲ̣ÿһëɢ˳ȥأγһѭ
⡭
СĿɿڴ˵
ǰһĻѾķΧ
Ҫ֪췣ɲǵ۳־ֻ׵ʽֳѣ
ٰܹӡҲ޷ΪãΪҲ޷Щ־
ǣǵĸӦΧڣǱǿˣЩ־ȻƸˣ
ʱԺжըըһһƬӦ
޷⣬ƾôģ
Ҫ֪λƺҲܹ־ɣ

Щ׵֮󣬲û뵽֮ڣֱӾԪУ
һʱڣڵԪбǳ˾˵ĸı䣬ԭǺɫԵԪУ˿̣Ȼ׹ӵԵһģһ
־׵£ԪоȻˣԵԪнԣ
ؼδֹ飬ûڵлָᷢı䣬Ǵ˿̣ǰδе䣬Ȼϣ


936 Ͻ

˸˸УϵתţĶ˳һ־κ˵Ĵ嫺һ
˿ӦһʵԪУǣȴܹ쵽֮ͬ
˵̬ûʲô𣬵ǣıʣȴ԰ϱ߼ʡ
һַƴδӴ̺кܶ࣬ڷƵĸ֪Χڣƺ޾أ
ǿõķΪ֮ľ˵ǿѾ˷Ƶֻ֪ǣȽϵѡ

̧ͷͷ˸ĵ绡ھ̰ɫ
Ǻڵһʱͱ飬Ҫ֮
Ȼʱʲôǣ϶ǳ˼Ĵڣ
㣬ȷ
ӵĻҲܹס
һƬȣԽԽҪ׵ӵˡ
ܹ֮췣֮ӦҲɣ
ϧ
ҡҡͷЩϧ
Ϊʱûо߱ǾֻЩɢˡ
ˣջҲͦģҲĹһ׵룬һӼһأڵԪУҲΪȡǿš
Ǹǿˣ
ⲻܣôܣ
С޷һʵǣǵôܿԪе䣿
ǲԣ
ȻȥԣҲΪԣǣǶ췣⣬Ȼ֪־
һƿ־˵ضƿ֮У
˻
һͷõǵһһƬ
ƿأۣo޷飬ȻҲᡭ
򵽵ľʲô
һʱЩˣƬȻ棬ǿҲû𰡣ôƬأ
ܹƿ־
䣬ڶӿһɿϲ֮飬ӶЩķ
ãѾӡܲסˣ
һ±ĴȻع貵ûκεԥֱӽ֮ơ
ΣСû
ৣ
貵ûаƵĲĵֱӾͽǸ׼ڿһӣϴһ˲ƿ˽ȥֱû˷ڡ
ˣ
ͻأģһ𣬴쵴һƴţϱһ貶ĿĹΧڵռ䣬һoһ㣬ӵϽҫ¡

ʱǵѾ׵ĴݻӡڳŻصƣ˿ռ䣬ʣֱ˷ͷ
ʱλ˶ǽڶԻ˵ΣţƾԲӲֵӦܹƣ
¡
ը쳹Ѫſĳ沢ûг֣׾ˮײ˽ʯһʱĽȥûƿ貵Ľ⡣
Ƹо֮󣬲΢һǼٵתܾȡΧռɢ췣
׼ӵӴˣ

ĻλˣƣС򣬶ɵ˿
췣ֻܿԼˡ
΢΢˿еĵǣƺûǰǰŨˡ
һУΪܹ췣ΪõԵʣ
ⲻǳǵ󣬸Ҳǵ֪Ϊ֪Χڣûܹ˵ز
췣ҲƾԼ֮Կ췣Ҳֹûпܵˣ
Կϻֵδ֪Ҳ΢ġ

һʱ֮췣ЩµٶҲԽԽ죬ǳĻϢվׯ԰ڵλ˶ܹоĵ
һ̣ˣΪζɹ췣ʮһˣͬʱҲףΪζɹ췣ˣڹżӵǵ
ǰΪǿˣڣ˿ûκοŵĵطΪѾûʲôȶɹ췣ŵˡ
ǣ˷췣ף޷𺦵ӵнķƣ缤ʯɲڼϴ£ԽĹԽļӲȥҲɻһ᲻ơ
췣ϴ£Ƹǻ˾޴ĺô


937 ½Ծ
ˣ
֮ڣһƬˡ΢΢ǸѾ򿪵Ͽףǡˡһ촰ޱ֮ͨڣƺͨһ磬ޱȵԶûб߼ʡ
Щ쳹ģֻǴǸ򿪵Ͽ״ѣ̣ΪأһΧضһĹȻֹʱȽ΢ܹӰ쵽һķΧˡ
ܾ£췣Щɢ󲿷ֶȡ˹γһ޴׼룬÷ƻա
ʱ貣ʱˣЩ޷ֱӣɫ£ž޲һoһдġ

ʱڣһƬ˸ɺӣ嫵Ԫ֮ڣдӣԪ֮쳹һƬԴ֮һ
ΪЩ绡ϵ룬ԪڵɫҲΪ̺ܻ
ڷƵĹ£ƬڵҪ׼֮ˣ
£ԭֻǽ켶׵ܾҲԼΪٶţһʱʱ䣬Ѿ켶нףңۿɼٶ켶۷
ڷƹУпܣܾν켶۷Ǵ´ˣ
ԭΪ췣ԵʣǳƷ쾧Ҳ޷֮ȵģ
ΪܾԪҲڻȡҲӵǿӰķΧҲԽԽ󣬰׼Ҳڲӡ
ϣ
ΧȵһûжԥģֱӵЩĿʼˡϵĵڶϿס
¡
ζһŴҡϣǳˮһ췣ҵĳϿ֮ϣŷٵصը죬õķͷЩΣɫҰףҲʹЩ鴤
ǣĳĺôȴõķһϲ
ǳһΣܹĿڶϿϵıĤȻϡȥۿɼһ㣡
һ֮ɲּ֮İǧγ
ǣƱǿڴľʹΧ췣ĳŵڶϿףΪ֪췣ʱĻǲడ˷һһ룡
Ϊڵһγܹ൱ѰüСʱĹЧ
ľٶ˻С۾ڣǵȻĵʲô
С˳𺳵Ͷȥһ
һ֮ǰϲԸģΪƲ
ɵ˰ɣ

ûƣǳĺ˿ɲһĨ
֪ٵĹֲž֮ˣԣƵĳɾͣһֱģΪƵļ̳Уּţ벻ڡ
ǴʱҲòпһ̾ˣ
ѾǴиƴĺôˣԼģңͷƤ£
λʱ𺳵ױȣ޷׳ȥ﾿ʲôȻܹ췣췣Ҳֺ
췣֮ԡķƣǽ˵
֮
ֻһпˡ
ΪУ֮ܵģ
ڷƶɽٵʱ½ĸҲѾ˷츲صı仯
Ⱦǹ˵ĸ
ǿĹˣҪ۳ѹƵ۷һϦ֮䣬Ȼһ𣬲ڣ
ʥҽų´鿪ʱ˾һͷţǣ۳ҵ洫ʱǲòˣ
˱ˣǱһģ˵ǱһһֻЬҩʦܹڸˡ
ûԸʵǣʱʮңʱʹҲڳǶ֤ʵʵԣ
ʱ˲ǼֱЩ޷˾ǿһʲôĵزˣѵoǴ۲ɣ
ȻǣôһǿƥˣȻƺһϴϴŹʵķΪʦ˸е˼֮࣬ͬʱи𾪡
꾿ӵʲôȻܹ־ǿΪ
ûܹͨҲûôɵ˵ǷƴӺɽġ
ڹǷ֮޲Ȼ˺֮࣬жӿŭرЩɱ֯ϮɱӵܵǶԹ˺֮ǣ׷׶Ǽ뵽˽˵Ŷ֮ڣǶ̶̼ʱ䣬½Ĺȫγа˱ʥأ


938 Ϊ
˵ĸ𣬻ϵģȻǷ̨
ϢһʵѾܹԤϵˣӵǵӵܣֻǳ飬ֻǲ֪ôѡ
۳ӭӷػص۳ǣΪ۳ǵһң
ɾʹҾǧĵͳ֮ٴλصԭλϣϢһطңϹŶǼϡﻩģĿ죬Ƿ죬Ǽ
֮ڣһƬ֮һϲա
Ǵ䣬ԭ󲿷ֶΪѾעįˣܻ˶Ѿ׼˾һսľģѾܵİҺӵܣһսͻ룬ԱסѪ
ڣǴӵá
˱𣬼вμӣԣ˾Ҳ⵽½Ĵ޷ˣ
Ĵ壬ı۱ο⣿
ʵ½ȫˣȻûоĿԡ
Ϊǹ˴ڵĿģѾˣǵΪžͨƽҲ޷ܣ
ЩԭͶ˹˵ʱܵصĴ౻һЩѳҵļ壬лںޱȣӶˡ
ʵģǵʱڷ֮ʱѡһֱ棬ǾԻƵܹõĺôɾͲ˵ˡ
һЩԭͶ˵ĶǼͶҵģҲܳǣ伣
һֱѡҵǵ¼ûܵκεʧҴʱڶӵв͵ĵλۺĶ
Ī˵ͷҴϹϵͺǴϣҲˡ
˵Щǵ۳ңҲȥ鷳ǵĵλҲĬˡ
մģаӰħ̣ʱҲħˣԭ˱ʥ֮鵰кܶ˵ţǣڷҵһ仰֮£ǱԣڵİӰħ̣ѾرʥˣңҲפǣԭһԭʥŮ޸˷ǸŷƣʱǵصĽÿżûüأ
ڵľ滹ô
Ϊ𣬲ô
ڵıʥףֺֺ˭ȥ
֮ǰҪʱԼǰͷʥص˾ͱж༤ˡ
˵ʥŮʥҲûκⰡ
һںģǸͷô
ʵģһˣᱻʥصĹż֮ڣõȥ
ҡң͸Ӳ˵ˣȻǼûκθ֣ǣڣλɲκ
ԭ⻹ô
һ˵õȮ죬һҹѵļ嶼ǵõǰδеĺôסһ֣ң

֮ڣϢ֮󣬼˶ӹȣ棬ȫˡ
ᣬڷָ£Ҳڰǰͻ۷壬سʥʱҲǻʵʥˣ
ͬʱҲӹȱߵˣ泤ϣ
µ˶ǶӹȸеǸΣһ̣˻һЩһ˶Ǵʹޣˮݺᡣ
ӹûǷ·ʲô۱ع飬λع飬ңޱȵţҲûͷˡ
ԭ򣬾ΪƵĳ֣һ̫ˣʵģ˾һģһϢģ
ˣѵԼ
ԼҵʵԼȻӵе۱ǣԼߵܹӳ۱ܣ
֮ûΪԼסһЬӣ
ʱΨеͷˣ
ңǿңɽҲ̫ԶˣƺΪһ˵ĴڣڷѾǺԼһױĴˡ
ʵģӹڷ֮ڣٴӵǰδеţΪзƵĴڣ˭棿
֮ĵһ֧
ԭ뽫һְø糾ģǣϽܣҲֻ֮ܲ
Ӱ첻糾һڷҵĵλ˵˿ڷ죬ңҲƵƵӹڣ糾Ȳ졣
ȵģȻ裬ڵ̵£糾صΪɻһֱӷ𣬵֮ǰҲĵز
ţֻҪ׼㹻ԪҲû⡣
ɼĵֻ֮̿ҪרһˣӹţҲɳ޷ţ
ҵʽһƬãʱռڣƵҲһƬãʱˡϵĵڶϣҲѾҪ忪ˣ


939 󻡶
¡¡
ԭ峺ռ֮ڣʱҲƷħڷӿϵĵڣһɲ׵˸ÿһصƣŻص̣ϢĴ
ǣ֮ڣЩһƽ͸˳ׯ࣬룬һoһ

һأ˿ռ䣬ֱֱǵӲӵӰ׼֮ڵӰ
¡
׼룬ֱǵӰ֮ϣʱͱͨ쳹صը죬ȻǱѿĳ˷Űȥ
ǣ֮ȴһɺƴڣը˲䣬Ǳ˳ЩŰ˹ȫۼ貵ӰΧۿɼٶڡ

СϪ۳ɺӣȻ뵽˺ƴ֮ڣת䣬Ǻһ쳹
Ϊʱƽ˳棬ԣԪɲǺܴ󣬲ܾȴѾﵽ켶۷ƿλãʱпܻͻƽ۷塣
꣡
˸˸ڷƵĵ£Ԫڳ𣬷ҡֱϾ죬һһҵĳšˡĵڶϿףһһ顭
ʱڶϿ׵ǲϣѾ΢ɼһˣҲͲôһ˿ܹƿˣԣƸžʹӿ˳Ĵңÿζǳһ֪ٴ֮ڷƵĸ֪ΧڣˣһϣѾ۲ɼĺۼ
Ѿˣ
ۼһϲʮĿ۳һ޾ķâҵײһۼ֮ϡ
꣡
ǲ쳹һϸ΢Ѻ۳֣һС͵֩һĴ֮ϣۿڶϿ׾Ҫˣ
ȻѵõĻᣬȫԸеľǷ˳֮ϣõЩѷԽԽԽԽԣڵʮεʱѿ𣬻ޣ
ɹˣ
Ѿ忪Ķϣӿһױȵϲãͬʱĸ涼ܵ˲̶ͬȵΪڶϿ¶Ϊ֮¶̣õԪз˾޴ı仯
ˣ
Ͽ֮ڣ쵴죬أƺһ壬Ҳ̣õԪ͵һͻأģһױȵ貹âõķԼЩڵ״
켶۷ˣ
תܾʱ䣬ȴĸоˣңԪҲ貵Ĺâٴչ֮࣬ʱǸܵΧ췣ڵٶ
켶۷ˣԭûƷ׵ؾʱѾﵽ켶۷壬᲻ỹиߣƲ֪ǣ켶۷壬Ѿ֪Χ۷Ĵˡ
ͬʱ貵ĹâԪȵٴδһϲ
ĳ̶ȣѾ׼̶֮ܳȣ
ǿǷƴδܵģţĿǰԪڵ췣ܵĴڣԲڵǸصӣоƾ췣Ѿܹͬ׵հƴ
ⲻԴ󣬶ţ
ѵԣ
ɻţ׵̬ȴȻݵĸоƺʲôǣץǸͬ㣬ƺϿڵЩơ
ȷеƣǣƵǣЩϽ֮ڣǿе£ֻ֮Լٴηֽ»صԪ֮ڡ
͸֤ʵˣ
ԺҪڸҲˡ
׹˸˸ԪУҲΨҡͷЦ
ǰԵԪУһжϣӶУлɳˣڱЩ췣һ׼֮壬⻹˿ô
Ҳա
ܿ죬ƱͿˣΪƾڵĵƣ˵֮ͬڣ˭
ֻйʻˡ
Ԫӿ΢ĺ˿
ţǼһ֪⾿ʲô
ӦҲİɣ
貵Ľ⣬һ
ʵ̫ǿˣȻȥԵĻͨǣͷǲµ췣ȴǶ˿ƣû֤ļ̡
Ȼֱ
пʼ㣬ȥһҪǼһҪһЩԺ췣Ҳˣ޵еĽڣʲôˣ
˷ˣ
һͷѾϡĽƣȫȫķȡЩƮ췣


940 
ˣ
ׯ԰֮ڣƵĿһֱŽӲӵĵطе˵ţȴڳ鴤š
һ֪֤ٲ˼飬йżƷţǣû˵췣֮
ص־ɱؼκһеĴڣ
ÿһˣĵ˶ɽ֮ʱǶ׼ȫＫƷʥмҵ׶óãΪģǶɹ췣
Ҳ˵ÿһɹ֮󣬶Ǿһҵôѣ
Ϊ췣־Ҫɱ飡
Ȼǰļһȴ췣Լͻƣ
˵Ĵô
һ޶
ֻôˣиѾ𾪵޷ľˡ
ѽ
һԵСҲпһҲûõȥ
ԽǶ췣˽̵ˣ״ʱǶôһ£ǣЩܲˡ
ǣ෴ģԵλ˾ͲͬˣǿȻЩ˼ǣȴȻĽˡ
ΪĿУ֮ܵģ
ûԹ췣ܵˣô֪췣Ŀأ
Ƴ忪Ҳûʲô⡣
ɺĽƣ૳
ɴ˿ɼ췣ǿΣΪӵ־־ԣڳȻ°빦
ʱ֮忪ϣȻǰδе飬ǣżҲ޼
һеĹȻҪ췣֮ϣǣⲢʲôĻƾģǸ˵
ӹɵģһ˵ж󣬳ɾ;жߡ
ٺ٣ӣкϷˡ
ͻأģƺ뵽ʲôƺЦɭɭݺۡ
ѽ
СҲͬĵ˵ͷһһۣǺЦԾǲЦõλЩëȻҪȷƣ뿪ˣˣλҲ˿࣬ҶǾĿǡ
ЩһδǵЦţƺʲôˬĻ档

ڷƶԵĸϿ׿ʼܳʱͷϵĽҲ˷츲صı仯

Ʒ۳ţһţ嫵ӣһĩյɢ䣬ЩӵԣѾʾʱͻأģͬʱ£أڣƥһ䣬ɢ˽ƣһԵȫͷ¡ڶʮӲͣ
ǰĩպƽһľ󣬿ĻơСλ˶ͷƤ顣
ûǽ֣ԷĿǰΪԻᱻɻҽҴ
ȻƳСϲǲΰ룬ϾλµģңΨһԣˣûͻʥ׵ֿܹסϣϵ췣
ԴˣĶǺܴ
ʥʣأԶԨ㲻ɿԽ
ԭΪʥѾԵġ
ʥ֮ǿᣬҲΪڵܹ֮ӶתʥԲŻӵֻأƿռ
ʵĿԽ޷Խ
ͬģҲֻʥ֮󣬷ƵĳŻչֳΪֻǸʱķӳԼԵܣ
ͬҲǵʱհԭҲ֮Ϊǿƥԭ
ôûͻʥ׵ķƣܹ¾߱ʥܵ췣ô
ҲûãҲֻһһˣϾǲãôƾڵʵ޷췣
һһ֮ˣȻ˾߱ʥܵ췣붼ò˼飡
Ӳ濪Ҳ֤ʵĶܲͬ죡

ռ֮ڣⳡؽҲɢˣƬ»ָռ֮ڣûаʲô鶼ûзһ
ͣ
׹˸ŷ̶죬ģΪƵɢҲӿǵɢٶȣ䣬еĵ绡˷ڣʣһˣӲӵķһµĴӣɢؼ䡣
¡
꣡
׳׵ײ£ˡĵĸϿףҲѿһѺۣһϲǣҪԪܵ췣ʱȴǷ֣󾢲ˣ
΢΢һо֣Ѿûˣʱɫһ䣬û˿ԥ֮ڣǳ֮׼֮췣һͬĳѾֳѺ۵ĵϣ
ˣ
һƻһ¶һĨ̹ɫ
һ췣֮ѾһϾ磬ﵽϵĵز


941 ֮
ˣ
쳹Զ£ڵߣˡ֮ϣĸϿףһƬͨ쵴һɣ
ҼأؼҡֻǣЩʲôأ
ܹоؽڵĸоǣ֮ȴһĤ谭޷˺һָоúܱŤǱһڳȥĸоܡ
Ϊ㡮ˡϿ׻ûȫ
ƵĶڣע⣬۾Ƿ֣ͷϵĽƣԼϵĽ⣬Ѿɢ١

һĶ쳹һĥĴ죬׹ġ
ָоܺãǿ󣡡
΢΢۾նȭͷǵĻȻĳ
ϣ
Ǹû뵽飬һ췣ȻͨϿף
һϲãļš
ʱĸ츳ҲѾõ˴󻡶ȵ츳츳ռ츳оѾﵽ۷뼫ޣ޷ٽһˣ
ѵҲΪˡϿûп
ϣƲͬʱ۾ơ
û
ֱ£Ƶ˵ͷ֮һգƬԭ򿪵ѷǺ£λ޷ռһС
ԭˡ
ƺ˿лȻ
ˡʵ൱ھһ˵ǣǱ£Ȼ谭С
Ҳ˵⼸츳Ѿﵽ۷ĵزˡ
һĨ⣬һ֣쳹ⲻռĻſռ϶ᱻ
ǿ֮ǰҪź֮ڵӵеģڣѾӵˣ
ѾȥԴˡ
һӿһɼ
ԭҪչһʱ䣬ڿƾʱʵԴ֮ڣӦҲˣ
ʱڵ֮췣ܹԿκ֮ͬˣ
ʥһĲУҪ죬ʱܽȣɲһֱ˷棡
ʦǲˡѭ֮
Сһۣ˿ǴЩŵŷʵ
ѭ֮
һ˼֮󣬲ǵ˵ͷǰɡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣͿľ֮乹ǸѭͻأģоֳһҲǴ˵еġ򡯰ɣ
˻
С򶼲ɵĵһڶһƬ𺳵ɫ
в룬ǣ֤ʵ̲֮סٴʧ̬
ôˣ
һģһвЩǡ
⾿ǻ»Ǻ£
Ҳ޷ֱ棬Ͼ˵ֻʥ˲֮
ʦģǺ¡
ƺĵǣǴŸӵ˵š
Ƕٴʥ۶֮飬Ȼһʾˡ
ѭ֮ʲôͬô
һû֮ǰƤЦҲЩϰߣͬʱоѭ֮Ӧúܲ򵥡
Ȼͬ
ĺ˿صʵʦ֪ѭ֮һƺ
һƺ
һ㶣ҡҡͷ֪
ѭֳ֮ơ֮
˵䣬͵ıһ貵ľ⣬˸˸ǡ
֮
һʱһһƬȻ

У׷Ĳô
ǣ˭ˣ
ʥˣˣoʧˣûκ֤Ĵڣ
һнԻ
ԣڵ˵УΪԼĸһЩѣĿжѾΪĴ˵
ڣһﾹȻԼѭܹ֮
ȻƺܲţǣȴǾãӦġ
ѭԲܳ棬ֻҪѭڣôͿһֱȥ
صĲ಻ʵѾ֤ˣ
ȹ󣬷иӿһɿϲ
ô˵Լܹ
飬ܹţ˭Ը
ȻҲ⡣
֤ǵֵػΨѭ֮Գ
һԵΪ˵ţǣ֮·ΪߣҪܵ췣ǳ˵ʮ
췣
֮ǰľ󣬷вЩ¡
ǽ֣ʱԼҽҲʣ¡
Ƕֻһ
ڷҪʵʱ򣬻һ˵ţһĨӣԣ췣Լˣ
⡭
üͷ壬ţû˵ѣĺ˿ʮ˵ģ˵ϣǾϣҲܹ


942 o۵
ûӵ췣֮ǰƻҽ˵̫ڣ췣Ŀ־壬Ѿ½͡
ԭΪԼġ˲ͬ
Ȼµɱڣ޷ӳ⣬ǣڶԿ췣֮ϣԻž޴ơ
ҪĻǣѾƿ췣֮
ƻЩڴ췣٣Ϊֻ췣ڵпܵõ
ĻС򣬶ѡˣ
һ췣ܹգʲôģ
ôһ룬ǳصʱࡣ
ٴδ漣
ϵĺôԶˣأ
ƺڴҲ֪ϴĺôʲô
Ҳ֤Ϻйϵ
һĨͷ
ûܹڡˡϿȫ֮ʱ֤Ǵ˵еЩoҲУΪ޷ع֤ͨ
ǣȴڿһϿ׵֤ˣһеԵɣӦþͳڵھŸϿ֮ϡ
֮Ŀ𣿡
˹󣬷Щɻʵг˲š
ܹȥˣoȥˣûκ飬ܹ֤Ĵڣ
ܹһȻ
˵䣬һĨԶ֮ˣ˼£Ϊۣ֮˼£˳֮Ϊo
ۣo
ⷬǴ󳹴ˣҲ˴o
ڹż֮УۣĴѾļ£޷ԽĴڣۣҲǼ¶ѣûдŴܹ
ǣ
˵Уoǲ಻ģ
Ȼûܹ֤ʵǣżôģֻǣoʧ٣õΪ˲֮ա
Ϊ˶ΪoҲѾˣԣ֮˵
ǣھôһ˵ȴǾãżصЩӦȷģ
oǷ񻹴ڣ
ʻ䣬ƺж˵١
֪
һһĨӣҡҡͷ
ǣȴ֪һѣ
֪ǲ˵
ѵoĴڣ
ƲɻͬʱҲɣԻƵɫƺoѾˡ
֮ƺìˣȻoǲ಻ģΪλȥѵؼ仹ܹɱoĴڣ
ۣǵļ£oѭ֮ļ£ѵϻгԽµĴô

صĺ˿һĨɼˣ㣬ȴûпһȻЩʵʦģʲôԵѭ֮
ѭ֮ľѭǶ϶ȣ˼£һΪһѭﵽ
ǷƵȴЩһΪƲûзԲѭЩ󡭡
磬ܹ췣
ţ
һ㶣Щʵѵѭ֮к֣ܶ
Դˣȷ˽⡣
Ȼ
ҲЩЦãȻһƲ˽⣬ԭѭ֮ʵҲֻǵ˫
ʦԣ
С쳣ڴĿ
ԣ
һĨãҡҡͷЩãȻ˵ûʲôԡ
֮ʱûпĳһԣǽԼںϣ
ûԣ
Сʱһ㶣һۣǿڵɻ󣬻ʵʦѭ֮ʲôѭģ
ţء
Ƴʵ˵ˡ
оһӦòӺԼȻǵԼ֪˶ٻˣ췣һء
ѭ
Сɻˣƺûһȫ˵ʲôһ㡣
š
Ƶ˵ͷɫһ֮࣬ڣˡĸѾϿ֮쵴µķʱǰֳںϵĴʱõǵԲ۾
ѵѭ
ǶһۣǿԷеȻ
ƺҲΨһĽˣȻΪλִΪܹ췣
Ҳԣ
ޱȣһ̫ˣȻغһҲѹ֣һϣʥܵ췣
ʵģظڣ
ˣ
нһͬʱҲЩҡ
Ҳҿһ֮ʱǰϿʱ߸߾磬ôԻᱻ췣
ΪֻǸʱ׼ģ


943 ż
벻ԭѭ֮֮
΢΢۾˸ϲõĹâ
ʦǲҪ֮ȥ
Ʋһۣ뷨
ô
ЩĿ
ȷ뽫¸ԼеˣôһɾͶܹˡ
֮ΪΣӹ񣬾֮һأ
ûĻشǷʵ
⡭
Щ̫ףģ֮ӦҲǸصѭԲŵһ֮
νʵҲһץʦҲץǸɣ
ڷƵͷ֮󣬻˵ڣʦȥһأãпѭ֮ôҿðɣ෴ģǵ֪֮ǸҲԶ޷ˡؼѭ֮ࣿ޴ڣԣŻᴫسΪεУץǸҪģֻһѣ
Ҳԡ
ͬĵ˵ͷ
ؼ䴦ѭԣزܲ಻㳤棬ǣЩѭм˻ȥעǵĴأߣأ
꽨ľȥʱԼѵ֤෴ģΪԼһֱûӹѭ⣬ԣ˼ʱһ˲ŻͻȻĳһ
ͬԼ֪ѭ֮ԼпץǸô
ܶ飬ʵ֮뵽ˣԣˣһš
ԣʦǽѭ֪֮ĳˣʵ㲻ں
һ˵ţ˾ӡ
ˣ
һͣĿˣҲʹӦ
غһĿ𣿡
Ӣ˻꣬СڶЩãЩǡ
Ψˣ̫Сˣ
ռҲĽһ˵ЩССҲͲ֮ˡ
ȥҳϵ˵ʱȴǷ֣Ѿȥˡ
û˶ԼĻţǻӵԼһɾͣ
ĺ˿ڶ飬һʵ޴ڣǣȴҪԼȥȡΪǲԼٵͷģ
Һܿͻ㣬Ȼһ飡
ҹ֮£һǣƶߵ˳ŵ£һ𣬱˴˲ࡣ
߰ɣ
ٴĿһ۲ԶǼСľݣĺ˿Ŵȥ󣬽Żơ
ľ֮ڣ͵˽ҫϸϣĨǳǳĻȣԵĺˡ

ڷƻص˷֮󣬿˵䶯ѾˣҲѾ˵۳ǵһҵıûоκˣֱصӹȡ

ԶģһЦǴĳԼף糾Ƿ棬ƺ̸ʱǱҲǹһĨЦ⡣
Լ׷ģԼļܹͺֵĿ
ڣ½Ѿˣţι˵ĸѾ˾ˣ
Ƿƣ
һ·ϣϳʱٶЩ
ı˷ҵĸ֣Ĺʧֲ
Ǻǣ
û˿ļӣĺǴкϧ͹Щĳ̶ȣرЩˣǿϡﻩģȻ˷ע⡣
Ǳ˰ΧķƣҲ¶ɫ
ʵЩʲôأֻǣȽǿǿѹеѡ
ڷƵȰο£Щ˲һȥ
ףλڣ
ǰƹĴк
ãͺã
糾ɻ仰
һӣý飬ôһĶӣ˵ʱ½˶Ϊ֮Ľĸף
Ƶ飬һΣǳ׵ĴˣһСһеļӵܣʱ䣬Ѿɳһ˶޷ĵز
οǳˣʥأһЩ˶ǰȥ˽⣬߳ŵʲôڲͬ
ǵ֪һ֮޲Ǹе˼飬ԣڣٲȻѾΪ½һż
ĳɾͣԼŬõģһ־棡
ԣ糾ʱѾˣڵϣǶӵĳɾжߣǣԼһܹҸžۡ


944 ֻ
мӣҸܰģǣȴҪԣƱҪ̤Լ;
ͬʱڷʢ£źҲ¡صıӻ˷ã㣬ûа飡
Է棬֪Ƿѧ֮󣬶޾ź
ȷǺˣûܹ뵽ʾΪȻһСڣжʧ󣬲˷ҵľ
ǣ˭Ҳû뵽һλǰţȴֻ֮³ɳˣ
ҲΪĻͬԣųɾ
ŷ
㣬ҵÿһ˶ţԣҪģǸӵǿԼϼĺȣ
¼ڷ֮ڣʱ֮磬ÿһ˶ȫһϣʸ߷壡
Щ֣Ƿˡ
ԭǷӵܻ˶иʱȫǲõˣ
ˣ
ڷźӻõ󣬷ƾҪٴطɽˡ
Ҫߵ·кܳ
磬Ҫӻǣɲһ޳ɵԼܹ쵽ģڵ벻Щڣ
ҪǿƣҪһ˸۵
ʥһܺõĵʯ
ףλڣˣ
żλ֮󣬷վתȥһͷ
ãİɣƶὫĶϱȫġ
糾§İοţǵӰнҲеǡ
Ƿһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
ЩţһԵķᣬҲͬĵͷ
ǿӹɣر¼֮ǸǼȷӵд˵Ϊǿʣ
֮壡

Ϊһԣβûдӵ۳ͨͣǱŻƻ˿ռݣǻһöԴʯ˺ɽ硣
칬ɽĳ֮һҲľ棬˵İ칬ĹͿҲСλãǴԪ۹ıλãȴû
Ԫ۹һɽϣǽʲô壿
ƹģ˵
Ǿֱȥǰɣ
Ƴ˳񣬵˵ţȴЩѹ֡
Щһһѹļ䣬ЩԴϢ
ΣֻػϣҪŮһ棬㲻ܴߣ˵˵ҲǺõģǣ칬ˣܿϴӦô
ƵһƤЦĻƣŵģ΢ķ
һڣǴ򲻹ûİɣ
ڸ۹֮䣬ֻҪս£ж໥ͨģԣûʲôʱ䣬ƱԪ۹
Ԫ۹ǲʮ۹֮УԪ۹ǰ˵ĵ֮ۺ
Ҫԭ򣬻Ԫ۹Ĺ񶼱ѡ칬ڣЩ˵ļ壬Ԫ۹Ĺ˵Ԫ۹ʲô£ܹӲ
˵Щ˱ѡ칬ӵоǿҪĻǵݣ
ңԪңҲв˱ѡ칬׻˵ɮ濴棬ȻʲôԪ۹ˡ
ǿƣǲеģƾ㣬Ԫ۹԰Ա
ƲûȥԪ۶ֱԪ۹ǣţֻӦûеȴԼĵ
Ϊҵֻأֻٴν˶ʯǰʱ䣬ͷ㱻ǵÿһ䡣
Ȼ߳Ǽʯ֮󣬱ǼֻվڲԶԼ
ңԼôһ⼼ܵĻҪһʮϰ˵ĳһˣɵڴ롣
ҵˣ
ջ֮ڣЦ
һ·黹ࡣ
ͬʱҲõֻΪ֮𾪡
ԭʱ׼ԣңΪɻһķɵϾ磬ǷƵͫеСֻضΪһ˼ðˡ
ɻһʱ䰡޷һ˾Ҫôܴ嵽ϵĳ̶ȣ
Ľǿͻָ
ʥ˼أȥһռңһ½
˵ţƺ˼Сһ
Ŷ
ֻӦһɨһڷһԵĻƣûʲô
ڷʥĳͻʵҲõһЩϢȥռңռôȥô
ǵ˴
ףȴҲûôġ
ȥһ칬ȻȥԴ磡
˵ԼĴ㡣
ȥԴ硣
ֻزĿһۣüͷ΢΢
ȻԴҲ˽Ҫ֪ɲֹľӢиǿڣû˿ƿԣ


945 ˫
칬˵Уoµɲ⣬˸ȥǣɽ磬޾£һֱľ֮һ
칬֮ΪǾ֮壬ܵߵĴ˲⣬κҪܹ
ǣЩϣõģһֱĳһϣڴţԼ뿪ţģ
һֱ飬иߵĵطûԵôơ
ڱӵ칬֮˱ǼʶԼ޷ĵ̣Щ̵£˵ľ綼Ƿٵš
رӵеľ֮壬֮ǳ׵¶˳
޷ţԼȻӵǿİ£һ·񣬺ܿģֱӳ۷壬ٶ֮죬ࡣ
ҲǴĸԣҲܵ˵̵ʱҲѾӵб֮ңڸ̵ֵĻİ£Ҳǿǿĳ嵽ϵĵزһܹ̤۷壬ʥˣ
ҲΪı֣ر칬һȵУǻ˵ĺóɼ
Ҫԭ򣬻֮廹ܷӵ£ңûʲôɱľôЩӵء
Ҳõ칬ˣ֮Ϊ˫ɣ
˼ò츳Ůӣôû׷أ
˵ˣٲȻѾ칬һӵܵˣǶЩ׷ߣŮδɫڵ츳ȥҪȷǿϰǧţԼĺƸ磬Բκˡ
ǵľٶõ칬ĹڳϺǲ⣬Բã֪ԭѾ½ˣ
ôԣ
½ʲôطǻֵطܳʲôţ
˵칬κһӵܣ½Ǿûܱȣһֱżеĳ
ǣȻһϣǿⲻǱô
ԣԭǵ۷壬ͷǳȥľҲֹԣųȥǾԻȥ½ǵĺƸ磡
ζ޷ܵ飡
һ½СӣôϽҪ칬֮λأҪȥ칬ĸأ
ԻΪЦ
ԣŮǱ칬ˣǣֲܲȻ츳ҲԳɲ˴
㣬칬Ĺ볤ǶǷǳԣҲͻƵ۷֮˱ǱȥԴ磡
ȻΣգҲһĺõطң߳ģһǳΪ˸ľӢ
ԣ칬ϲľİ֮£ŮȥԴ磡

ջ֮ڣһֱֻأ۾вϵķëȻЦõЩڣΪֱ˿͸ĴƺԼСͷǰѾûκܣָоõ亹졣
ȻǰݵСͷȥһΪǣֱԼ˲ǣ
㣬ֻԼҲ⣬ԼֱǷǳŵģΪֱѾ֪ٴˣ
ҵõһЩϢҪҪ
ջĿ⣬ֻ΢΢˿ǻ˵
Ϣ
һ㶣ʵ칬ģǡ
˫ɣһλΪһλΪΪѾﵽ۷壬ǰѾ칬ǲԴˣ
ֻص˵ţĿһ۷ơ
֮尡ˣ칬Բֵģ뿴ӣҪôȥȻ֮ڶԼ氮
ЩϢʵҲʲôܣΪ칬ĳУԣ칬ӵܣţЩϢȻǴǿдġ
ѾȥԴˣ
һбһĨǡ
ȻѾǿʲôزˣǣĿУŮҪԼģ
ߣȥԴ磡
Խ˼ԴڵĿ£͸סˣֱվҪȥ
˵ʦͲЪϢһô
ƿʼԹˣһۣڨڨĸȥ
ˡ
ֻһĨɻȴҲ
Դ磬ԴӸɹʶ֮󣬱ǽ˹̶ĴֻдЩ󣬲ȥԴ磬ȻǿռðȻıһǻǳصġ
ˣ
һεɽڣƷһãһ貵ĴǱڵϣɽȣΧ඼Ǿߣͣ


946 Դ
Դ磬һǳҵĵطΪΣյǸľӢʹشˣ
ԴڣΣյģԴޣ
Դޣһ㶼ǴԴ̳֮ģԣһǾӵо˵ÿһͷԴޣӵм֮۷壡
жܹǣ
ΪԴ޲ܿϣ޷ʥףͽԴ޵£嶼޷棡
ǵ㣬ʵҲյ㣡
ûʥ˴ڵڣԴǿֲĴڣܹԴ޵ˣ嶼ûж٣ԣԴ֮ڣΪֲģԴȺ
ڸȼ֮ԣԴ֮ڶһУ֮ڣŷֻҪԴʯܹһֱάȥǣԴʯݾȻУԴΪȫĵطԴޣ壬޷ƣ
ԴϮУȴǷǳټģ
ǣҲΪԴϲȺӣԣҪԴʯ͸ˣңҲÿͷԴ޶Դʯ
Դ
ڷԴʱ򣬸޶ȵȡ£ԴĻʲôԴУҲС͵ģңҲôױҪһӵԴĵطۼ˴ԴޣҪռݣϼѣʮ۹ԴҲ룡
ԴȺĵطԴ֮ڶΪ˾صĴڣ
һֱʥ˽ЩԴȺҲϣԴ粻ڳΪһƬϵذɣȫڿˣǸûˣ
ôȫΪ˳Զ룬ԣ֮󣬾һֱûиĹ
ȻҲ˵ԴȺĵطӵԴ⼸ҲǺСġ
嶼ƿһԴֻпԴŻȥѰԴ
ԴķֳɣǾǸһˣÿһԴһαԣ
磬һܹԴһɷֳɣôڶģŵķֳɣԴƣֻҪͬһԴڶúô
ȻǰڻԴ֮ǰʸֳ֮У
ϾҪһԴɲһܹ飬ͬʵҲԿҪҪʵ
ԣͷģǸˣʮ۹ּҲֻܸźȵˮˡ
Ͼܹóӵм֮ӵܣ
ǣΪˣ˵ûʲôɽԴԴҲǳ£ԣԴҲҪסУ
رԴޣģֹԴޣ壬Լ壡
Դʯ⿰ʥ˶ۺġ

⡭
ǰĴֻضʱסˣǰһ﾿ʲôͷ
͵ԴĴǲడ˵ʮ۹ǹһ
ãЯһɼǰ⿴Ʋ۵СͷʵӵоԲƽݵġ
ٺ٣һöԴʯֱӴ͵ĳˡ
ƤЦ˵ţƺһ΢һ
š
Ƶ˵ͷӵĿһۣһĨмҲڵʱ򣬰æŹʥĶ̬
˵գóһöԴʯڣʱ󱬷һ貵ĹâֻصζûڣĹȴҲټ
ٺ٣ҲøЩŵļһһѵˡ
һĨâֻһӣϵĴͲټ
칬ĵ̣ܾûȥˡ
̧ͷԶĳͻأʧûڹһǹȣҺãһĻûб˿ȻҪֹˡ

˵Դ֮˾˵òʱ˲Сĺ䶯ȴΪ칬ӵܵݣûж˸Ҵǵ⣬׷˵ȴԽԽ࣬ǶǸ󳬷ĺӵܣ츳۷Ĵڣӵвٵľ
ǵľõŮʤһ֮£͵͵ȥһֱԴ֮ðգÿʱϻ칬ͿҪ㾡ȫѰˡ
˵ʵ칬űǵЩӵܣ޷ϣû취Ҳֻܷˡ
Ͼʵ칬Ĵǻͦĵġ
ʲôûл
칬Դڵĸˣ죬붨ʱ򣬱ǵõͨ
ʵϾûл
Ǹ㱨ӵ˵š
ʲô
ʱͱŭĿԲɣǸʲôԵģΪʲôûл㱨


947 ʧ
ΪĽ⵽ʵݣǣҲ׷֮һ
̫ˣȻ֮Ӯǣȴܹоǹǿ
ΪŽãԼʵƿصĲǺΪԼŮĶ֣
Ⱦò־߱츳ŮǷѾ˼Σ˵ŮҪǲԴ磬ԶӧΪ칬Դڵĸˣ
ԣһŮѾǵڶûлصˣЩˡ
ΪԴ֮ǰǵùԼ˵Ļ
۸ĴۣȫҲκεʧ
һ̣ƺˣҲһΪݣҲǹǿƥйء
ףʧֻ£Լ˻ܵΪĴã
뵽⣬䲻Ĵһ
Ϊ
ΪλӦԶˣͻģ˭֪
㱨ҲίʵԭҲ뵽Ҫ㱨ģһ룬Դô󣬾㱨ˣȥң
ԣһ죬ǣҹŮûлбЩˣоƺʲô¡
Ҫ֪Ůǰʱģ첻飬϶ԭڡ
ʣ
ǳҵôǵģÿȷ٣һ쳣㱨Ϊ
һͷŭʨӣǿ£ŵӵɪɪվ˵
ʲôϽ˼̳ȥң㽫ԴҷҲҪҵǣȻǾ͵ɣ
ʱ칬ӵܶĴ£һ飬ɢԳΪĴѰȥ
һҹѰ칬ʮӵԴ޵צ£ңûκεջ
ڶ죬ܵԵ죬ֻǻˣЩ˺ô֣Ҳᾡȫǣһ˵ŮһӸ໽УҪӢ۾һѰչˡ
ŮأҲȷǳˣȴʲô£Ϊ˶ЩˣŮЩˣһ֮£ԴȺ
нٶͷԴޣ
Դ޵׷£ԽԽԶΪ˸ûκξԣһ֮£ȻԴȺǣԼȴҲʧ˷
ò˵лı
ӵо֮壬ǿӹɣǣһδţûκľ飬ԴʱǵĲԴޣǣʧ˷򣬸֪ԼεˣҲȥ·ˡ
ҹĻٴν٣ŮһɽһûصΣ֮󣬱Ƿĵס
㣬ô죿
Ůһ𣬿Ŷϵ£ͷʵ
ȻǿȴһֱԼĽ㣬ҲΨһˡ
ߣӦܹصС
ҲǺܲȷ˵
Ȼ˵ĸ׷ǣÿһǹ޷ĳоһķλǲѾ߹ҲֻôĿĵĳһţڴܹˡ
ûϵģǽʥȻͻ˽ǳȥڣ͵һɣ
ŵЦݣο
š
Ӧһͷļͷϣ૵Ƹھͺˣ϶ܴǻȥġ
һ仰˼Ҳ˼ŮЩ룬ͬһӰ
ȻһֱƵܵģǣ֪칬ĴĲ֮бǵǡ
ʣ֮ǰûнӴĲΣ칬̵£Ǽ׾ٵľʹﵽˣң½˵еʥˣʥףҲоֿɵã
䣬ȷͺɽ粻һεġ
ģǵģ
Ҳ˸ˮ⣬Щ졣
ף칬Ĵжںľ֮壬ңģҲ֪½칬ݡ
칬ιҲΪڣ
ΪˣɣпܣΪ칬ԺĹԣǲԼ˺ԭǿȥȴԴΪ˷ֹԼµ½ȥҷơ
£Լƣп


948 
ˣ
һд󱬷һ貵ĹâӴ˳
ţ
Χĸоƺˣ
ֻصüͷҲҲо쳣
λֵܣǳʲôˣ
һһҴҪȥǰǿʵ
׼֮壿ռҵˣ
ڷɨһ֮ӵɫǷһЩ仯֮ǰĲͷЩάҲǿʵλֵǸԴɣ
û
Ƶ˵ͷ
ȻʲôͻȻģ׼ԵԪлͦõģ٣ʱǱӴΪռҵˣԲôϡ
ģ칬˫ɣѾʧˣڣ칬˰æѰء
Ӻǿĸʵ顣
ʲô˫ʧˣ
ţƶʱɫһ䣬һɱϢӵڱŷ˳ʱһŵģһˣõǸЩ㵵Ŀ
ߣ
ƽʱȫˣ˲ôкֱų⼱ٵȥ
ռҵˣҲ˫ɵ׷߰ɣ
ԶȥӰӵһûж⣬Ҵҵĳһջȥ
ͬɻأȺԴ޺еԴ磬˸粽У˵ԴҲûκΰ취

أ
ļãƲƽ˼̬۾Щ죬һͷ˵Ұһ
ĿУѾǽŮԼӣۣκ˺ǵ£
ƶԴϸ֮Ůǵǡ
ԴˣѡҹصУΪҹ䣬Դ޻ĸƵǳȺӵж
ڶ£ԴȺֻܵķݣӲǾֻ·һ
ڣŮѾʧ죬ʵģǳˣ
侲侲
Լ侲ԴףûõģԴҪҵˣڴ롣
ֻظҲûκεİ취
칬ĺ㻹ǱȽǿģǶ޷ҵɼŮԶˣߡ
ȥŮĳʲô£ɣǰһ᲻Ὣ칬ˣ
Ͼ칬Ů͵Դġ
пܣͷʱıֻ֣˿һԻô
Ҫôҵأ
Ʊ۾ԺһһĿԡ
ѽ
ʱСðͷͽһע⡣
ţ
ڷɻĿ£СӶߵһӶȥ
ѵ
һӿһɿϲûκԥֱ׷ȥ
СһŹֵĺܣҲҵŮҲ˵
ʱҲΨнϣСˣһԼҵԴ߱ʲôĻ
ԻὫһ￾ˣ
ֻһ㶣Ӱȥ

꣡꣡
ƿʣŮ棬Ůӵݣ
㣬ǲѾ߹˰
ͣһɽ֮ϣɨһܣЩɻĶʵ
֮ǰԴȺ׷Ҳ˴ѣʱǿѾˣȴѾûм߳еӰӡ
ɾʹѾߴ˷λ
Ǵˡ
üͷ壬˵ͷ̾һԣƾ·գʱ޿߻سȥˣܻԽԽԶ
ǰοĶȰο͵ǴɣȫʥףҲò˶ʱ¡
š
˵ͷҲȻ
Դģңƾ˵ʵԴ֮ڣֻҪԴȺУԱӦû⡣
ȻǰڲĸֲС
ʲôˣ
ţĳǳ
Ȼˡ
һЦ֮ɽ֮´ֻݣϳ˸ΣŮǰϣŷһǿֹϢ
壡
⼸˵ģ֮ɫһ䣬԰һƬ
壬ǧ֮һΪǿᣬ죬ӵеģһΪֱӹɱ˵־꣬˷ʤƾųΪΪǿ֮һ
еʶ
ΪǼݵЦţﰡ


949 ֮
ı죡
ŷĿɲֻѣһڷǼ֮ˣ֮죡
ӣ
ʧɫǳԶȥ
ڵ伮֮ϼص֮ͬڣ壬޵еĴڣǿֹ˷ʤ
ٺ٣Ȼĵ̣Ǿ͹Թ°ɣ
Ц쳹˶׷ȥӰ飬ĸŮ󣬾ڽԼһ㡣
ԣǸûнŮԴǶԼΣţ֮ͬڣ޵еĴڣ
ǣȴûпŮһۣԵͷ

Ȼͣ£ƮƮһɫĹΣ嫶ֳ룬һɽ罵ٵŮһ㣬ʥַŹϵĿھӣͻأģһ˫һƬͨʮָſһָ
ͣ
һͨ͸Ĺ۵ʮָָŷƺܹأžХţȥ
ѩأ
һԵҲûͣţ˫ֽһӡͻأһţһɼǴڱ˳ʱΧռƮѩؿռ䶼类һǳϫһ㳯˾ϯȥ

֪

˷׷׽һε˳һĻŵϢǵصĳŮϮȥ
꣡
һ쳹Ѫһſǰһ뻹޵ˣ˿ͣԭأͷԼĲѪ˿ڣھһƬ㵵ɫţƺҪ˵Щʲô۾ڵȴѸٵȥһľһ㣬Ӱеȥˤķǣһ
ôܣ
ʱʣΪ׵ǸˣҲһһĴ㵣ĿԶƮŮ˪ŮŮӣǿʲôһǷӦԭǸӸеħһкǳ΢壬ǾȻҲɱҸ߹ˣҪɿܣĥ
û뵽ƽŮȴһӵгĴڣԣǲֻ֮£඼ֱӱɱ
Ǿ޴ʧǿӹɣǣͬʱҲһ㣬ǾǷһӱӢõ׵ķˣ۾һƬͨ죡
ףԼȥҲԻܵ𷣣

͵Ĵһ˭ҲʱһıǴ˳չǣ۳һͷ֮߼Ϊֲľ״
Ȼ壬֮ˣ
ħһˣ֮¶һĨ𾪵ɫ
֮ˣʵͨеĵһΪϡУÿһ䱦Գ۷Ĵڣ
𣡡
ľ֮ڣſڿ𣬹ϢӣȻĳȥ
ܹоŮ߱вˣ
⣡
ɫȻһ䣬ѹסеĻңʮָ棬һͨĹ˫֮ŷֱײľޡ
˪ƣ
Ҳ۳һ޴ѩӡһӴıɽը죬ѹȥ
໺𣡡
ӣʱǱ壬Ϯûжֱ̧׳ֱۣȻȥ
¡
ľ쳹ըѿһһֲھϯ˳ȥΧһжƽɳʯ
̣
һ䣬һɽСӡѾͷٴŭһ˫ȭһһ㣬ĺɽ֮ϣʱɽѿһѺۣȻıѿ˷ĽȥҲȥûصףҳһڲ׵
˵ǳ裡
˭ľţӵ֮ˣʱȻƲųѹˣ룬Σ
ԭ£Բԭ£
ŭ𣬴ؿʼζǸΪģ˷ӳһɲѺۣҳ졣
΢壬ȥ
ڣ˫һĵֱӳŮϮȥͬʱҲȻЯ壬ٴγȥ
̣
Ů໥ţһֱѹŴһδεһ˵棬˫ڶԶԷ޿κε״̬ը죬ȴüͷ


950 Ԯ
¡
̣
ģɶ񰡣
ؼ쳹һҵը죬ռһҡƺʱܻһΧ֮ڣһƬɳʯľУĻдһŭϢľ
Ѿĵ̣ǻǸϽӰɣϵԽãǾԽǲ
һֱûиʲôˣüͷ
ʣ϶ĵˣֵ̫󣬳ע⣬һ֮壬˾Ҫˣ뵽еĺŮ
ߣ
Ҳûԥٴαһ⣬˴صףһͬڵķȥ
ҲǲеĴˣ٣֪ĵ̣ܹжϳԼڵķλˡ
ߣ
ŮҪӣϸɣαһڵһ㣬ٵ׷ȥϰݡ
Ӣ˰Ƕʧ
Ҫǣ˿ɽԼԺĸɽʱȴǱ˶ɱˣǲ֮Լֵһ
ԽԽջ𣬴һ׷ҲҪɱŮľġ
һ·ϣŮôߴӣȻߣǣ޷Ůѹֻܱŭֹ
ߴ
һʱƺȻˣ⵽Ů⣬쳤ХзһֵĽΪ̶쳹죬Զ
ãټΧˣ
ֽʱɫоҲֱӳڷȥ
ΪܹŮǲˣΪŮ޼Ҫ֮ɿܣĥ
ŮҪһܣǣĸ£ŮнٶȻǱңһ·ϵĹֽУһʱ֮ɫ
꣡
ƿ쳹ԶСڵ㣬Ǽ˲䣬Ǳ˽ǰ
ƴˣ
֮󣬸ĸ˶ʱ͹ĳƺţͬʱڶǴž㵵ɫ
ĵλǲͰ֮壬ӵ֮ѰҪǿ
ڣȴǱųôǱϧٻˣɴ˿ɼ壬ҲǼΪţ
סһˣҪɿܣĥ
ǿѹסеŭâɭȻĳǽһ䣬ٴγȥ
ǶˣǴʱһȥĵλƱشʱ򡭡
һ˲䣬ӿɱ⣬Ϊ޷ѹֵɱ⣬ԣ׷ȥ
Ȼĸļ룬Ůʱ˵Ǿ
ĸ彫ѹһԵĴʱѾҰף亹죬ͷ죬ȻܴΪء
Ӣܱȼ֮ͨģҲ൱ʥ壬ֱܹӹԣβԿأ
ҲԺöѣǾ֮壬ȻδʥײܷӳȫܣǣɲС
٣ӵ֮ƣͻûκ
ƾе£ҲֲȥԮֻܸżȴû˿취
뵰ǸʲôԵģһ嶼㲻
һδαˣƴΪջֳĸٽæ
ƴˣ
ĸҲǸŭԣȴҲޣԼҲǸ㲻Ǹô
Ȼô룬ǣҲǼӴ˹ٴνƵĿ಻ԣβⶾ֣ǲֱӽɱֲôá
Ҫ֪֮ǰƿǽҪƿܵģɱˣǻô
ԣҪƾԣҪĥ
첻ô
һʱֻԺһʲôˣģҲЩ룬ǰľЩģģƺĿ޺
Բ𣬲չˡ
ˮоǰˡ
Ƹ磬ֻˡ
ף
һǰԼƤܳأܳأɽʾȫҲ޷۾Ҫȥʱһƿţĸ˱Ǳ˻ȥ˻ʱ䡣
ʦ֣
ʮ칬ӵܸˡ
¡
ϻ֮£Ʊҷ˳ȥϵЩģҲ
λʦ˺ｻǾˣ
ܷϢȣʮ칬ӵܱɱȥ


951 ɱ
սչԭҪȥ֣ǣŲԶѾҡҡ׹һӰס
㣬û°ɣ
Ų԰׵ɫǵǵʵ˸ˮ⡣
û£ͷеΣЪһͺˡ
ȻҲװû£ǣԺдһʹȴõΪ԰ף˹ȥҪȥˡ
˵ˣϽϢɡ
˵棬ЩǻȰ
š
ҲǿˣΪӵ鷳ǣ˼ζҩǱʼָ
һսһƽ֣ɫһ䣬֪Ϊβܽˡ
֮壡
ܿҲ˹ʹȫҲǶ൱˫κβ˶Է
ʮ칬ӵĸˣҲ࣬ʱڸ޷ֳʤԸһҲƽ
Ը壬Ҳһսģǳս
ǿᣬܹ˵꣬ÿһεĶײ궼ܵսܹıһƣ
ɶ񰡣ģһҪȫɿܣ
ƱٴηХ֮ĸ״Ҳ׷ХǴ̶Զ
ãʦãϽʦ뿪
״ɫһ䣬ҪǰһȴʼֻóŲԶе
칬ҪԣԲܱɱȻ칬ˣ
ǡ
Щԥ֪Լôһߣˣɾ˾
ԼģԼܣ˽飬Ĳ
߰ѵȫô
ԥԥģд󼱣ʱͳ
ҧҪ뿪ʱȴѾˡ
꣡
ƿ쳹ϣĴ˸ʮ˸Χס
ͳͳϣȫɱ⣬Ҫɿܣ
ƴĽţ죬ֱӳ
ȻǶɱŹڻһҪ֮£ݺݵĥֲԼʹʧŵʹࡣ
ȻҪǰȥǣܿ˱ΧУ칬ӵ䡣
ҲһٴƵĿսУϾ˼

һ칬ӵܱͷ­ҺѪȥ
ɱ
ɱ칬ӵܵһɨۣǿڵʱֱӳɱֱȡͷ­˿顣
ţ
ȻڵϢУǹɱϮǺܿķӦ˹ǿͷʹִһֻ˪ӡȻӹһ٣Ҳ˳ȥһѪ˳ҲЩģǰҡΡ
㣡
ۿٴγɱȥȴɷֲʱзžѪĿһ㱻ư㣬ˣҲѪѣͷ֮ڴһʹҲòӦǰǿС
ɣ
ˣɫɲϵĸˮڵݣǶģ۳һֱӱǳûʲôͷȥ
һҪǵ֣Իᱻɱ
ţ
зЦʶվҪܣǣȴٴεҪ۾ĵȴٵʱȴǷԼûнӴӲĵ棬һůĻС
Ϥ
ҪȴŵһɼζŬ۾Уȴǿһ˼ĺӡ
Ƹ硭
ˮݺᣬ˳£Ŀһۣȴǻı۾
Ȼ⵱ξ
Ҫ֪ƿ½ôɽ磿ôԴ磿
ǱʶǲܵʱҲԼԣǰų
ѣ
ǰŲҰ׺ɫоʹǱ˺һ㣬һϻи
ʹꡣ
ȥ
˲΢һ㶣ǳŷɱ˹

һӰôһųªͷ­ѪͬȪһȾΧأľ׮һԵµء
Ƹ磿
Ϥһ㶣һѣϮʱõ˻ԵУ˷ƵĻС

ȷֻ֮󣬷Ʋ΢΢˿
һɱɱؼӿ


952 
ԭսΪ˵ͣһУΪռŵǹεɱɱǵɱõҲò侲
ΪɱУ쵽ввңѾ˲òӵĵز
ȻܲԸϣǣһָоԼ΢£϶ܿ籩Ĵ
壡
Ƶ۾ǸӣȥΪֲ֡
Ͼ磿
һɨۼ䣬ĿǼǸϣʱڱһĨ㵡
Ϊܹ쵽ܹԼܵвɱϵϣ
õǲס
ȴǸղ׾ٵնɱһ˵ϣͬҲ쵽һĲĲĶõһȴ֮ġ
ⲻˣһɱ
оӾԾ߱ɱԼ
ûʮˣҲûгܣվǾĿŲԶӡ
ʱ칬ʮӵܣҲʣˣȫվбʹҲо棬ңҲЩҡ
ǶǺףֻҪһӣԼͻ
ռҵˣ
ĿɨƵʱһĨɡ
ԣǿɲ
ǿǰľʱ⿪
Уüͷȴ
пܻа
Ƹ磡
΢΢һ㶣ھǾϲʱͺ۾һеĳŷ˹ȥץһֱֻۣھˮ׷ʵƸ磬Ƹ磿
ЩԼ۾ǣϤУļ£ȴǸǰӣ˼ĺǸˡ
ǸĿܵˣ
ίˡ
滨гʹһ§еһֻֽҲ뻳Уӵţֻиܵ˱˴ϵ¶ȣŵĲǷ
Ļ֮칬ǼӵĶˣͬģ졣
Сʦ칬ڿǴû˭ɫİʱȴǶİͶͱ
ңǰʵѾ˫Ĺϵˡ
ϹӶܿĳһˣ
һǻమĺˣ
ʱԭЩϲõֳɫҲĺѿ
칬£˭֪Լ׷˫ɵʱ飬õͻ
ϣ׼塭
ЩףǰһȻ׼֮壬ǣԼ츳Ϊһܻ˫ӵķأ
ᣬˣվһԣҪһΣƾʲô˫ӵķĵģ

壬ȻҴأ
۾˸ΣյĹâг˷ŭ
壬жųģֻƾȡʤڣԼ֮ˣȻסҪȥԼǳЦ
رǴʱѾʮԼߣѾ޷ɱˡ
ϣͳͳɱ⣡
ָŷƣʮȵ
εУȴûἰˣѾ¶ġ
ɱ
ԥʮ˻ѹӲͷƤŷɱ˹

ֻؽҪֵʱ򣬷ƵĿˣоĮûаС
տ
ֻͶһɫ֮󣬶ʱɫһ࣬һɱϢǾϯ̹ǣһ˲䣬Ǵһŵɣһɱ
Ƹ硭
ȻҪǣƻоĵȴҲɵûǰȥ
֪½ɽĲ࣬ţԼĺƸ磬޵еģûܹѵס
ۣ
һ۱¶˳һֻ˳Ƭֱ۳ǰϢǵ顣
ȥ
ʱһѾɱ˹ֱϮͷ­Ҫһɱ
ԣҲԼƣԣͷ­λ
ϧ
ɱ
һɲڼս֮ǳ֮׼֮췣ּ֮۶ɵľ޽Ƭϣɱûκԥٽֱӭȥ

ռһĨĻȣţѪſǸֱӱն룬һأҽҲûһѾĲˡ


953 ɱ
һĻԶ˵ļ䵱У

ǳһֻƬֱ۵ӣһɫĳɱ֮ڣÿһεĻӶһǿǿǣ֮£Ƕһûиɰһ棬߸˲¡
˻
죬ʱҲòһ֮ڣ𾪵ɫǴ㵵ģ붶⣬˵޷ǰʵ
ʲô
Ϊ֮ͷʹ޿κεˣϵİ£ȴ˵ĲһԭЩĸܹܵˣ
ףΪΣİܹӰ죿
ˣҴ칬ӵܣǾڿһͷһ֮ھǲ˼ɫ
˿̣ЩˣΪ칬˫ӻῴİˡ
̫ˣ̫ˣ
ֱǿĳǵΧ
ʱǲףԭԼҲǿӵǿߵġ
ҲͬĿɿڴĿǰһĻ
һ̣УǰֻһߴӰĴڣˣΪһأΪڷ絲ꡣ
Ƹ硭
ڣˮЩ롣
ȻǿģȻκˣ
˿̣ҸģǼģԼ˹ȻԼ룬ôǿôĳڣôĲôĿ
޵еģ
ϣԼҲܿһĻǣȴûѹԣҪļÿһ棬պϸ˵Լ֪

ħħ
ڷնɱ˵ھŸ֮ʣǰ˸׵ıˣųǰǱˣ
˿̣ûƵһֻҪӣΪǰѪȵʵǣǰԣֻ·һ
⡭ôܣ
Щסˣ˼Ӧ޷⣬Ϊųÿһôǿᣬһһһǿ᣿
ô£
ĳ֣ĳ֣ǰӵĳ֡
һУѾ߸֪
ô
ЩˣرǷƣһֻĹֱۣرǣΪûа㸺Ӱ죿
ģһ
ʣ˸ԹʱڴӴ˹ʱЩŭܼĺȣȴҲ޼¡
ΪЩѾƵˣҲһ粫һ
ǣӶһĻȴǷǰ
ৣ
һƱ޺ۼʧԭأûдҳǱһƿûа߿׽
ⲻֹ칬ӵҲǷӦ


ԶͻأĲҽ˵ע⣬ֻƳǱɫľ޽ǸѾӳ׵˵ǰһ£ֳ룬һҽУȥˤ⽴
ৣ
Įһٴʧֳһλ

һƿϵ쳹ÿһһսᣬƾεֿû𵽰ãĽΨзһҽС
ԩһôӵ˹ֿٵٶȵģ
̤У
ڷƵڶʧʱƣ죬칬Ǽӵܣǲľ͸¶ŨŨĲ졣
ȻǺܲԸţǣǰӣȷ̤У
ѵʥ˲ɣ
ǺҪ֮ʥˣǣǵɨ£ӵΪȴװ׵İ
ϣ
Ҳǣôܻʥ˻Դ磬ңʹ̤УӦͻᱻˡ
ʱһֱûзӦԸ֤ûдﵽʥףǻʵʣ
ѵȻǿռ츳ɣ
ǽΪӢܿ뵽ȥ
ڲ߱ʥ£Ϊǿ壬Ҳ޷ƿռ䣬㣬ǾԵģ
ֻʥ˺ѿռ䣡
֮⣬Ǿֻһˣռ츳
֮ףĿռ츳
ôӵпռ츳ѵȻһ˲ɣ
޷ţһ壬Ȼӵпռ츳ⲻ̫
ңֱֻۡ
еǱ޽̺
ľѡ
ⲻˣһͷﰡ
ƣ죬жǳ鴤ѡ
ԭڱУѾĴˣǣǷ֣ʱһȣԼΪ


Ƭ̼䣬˸ɢˣȫնɱһˣ


954 ɱ
˸ˣһҴ棡
һ̣ޱȵģһ̣еĿⶼǼͬһϣɷڣһ񣬱ɱƬؼ䣬Χռ¶Ҳ֮͡
죬ɵһޱȺȻ
ʱףΪϾϸܵвˡ
̫ǿˣǿĳ󣬿һĶûаܹ
ӣ
ƲûǣԼٶȣܹĹһӵпռ츳ˣ
ʣǾԲܵ飬ԣѡ˷һΨˣܹӮһ
ɲʲôҵĻ䣡
ȥ
ƻзۣһͷޣſ׳ˮͰ׳ֱۣҪķ˺롣
ɱ
ھ޾ı䣬ûаУĴץ㲻еĳֱնеһֱֻۡ

ɭĻȻƿɾ죬ЯŹϢֱײһ

Ľڽ棬ľϯ˷Ӷȥõ칬Ǽӵܲò˳ԶҲڵżɫ࣬ĿĶŽеˡ
ʱеľ޽Եɫһû֮ǰĹ󣬶Ҳòȥɿɱһеս⿪һֱӽֻ۳ɵֱնϳأд󲿷Ķֱɱ𣬷鿪õɫҰףһĨȻ
һεĽ棬ѣ˫Ա˴˵ʵҲһ˽⡣
ĵǿӹɣңĹǿңԶԶͨʮҲΪܹ˶Կԭ
ԼսٶȽӵ췣Լ˵Ķ֣
ΣֵΪǿ
ƣҲףΪЩ˸޷޽ϮɱˣңһεĶײУҲ׵ˣΪӲӰ졣
ԭ޽֮ڣӵмԼĵɱƲɵĳս⣬Ĳ޷⡣
Ϊεս⣬Ȼܣ
䣡䣡
˶һÿһζײǾ춯أΧĿռ䱻һۿɼĿֲ֮֮ɽҲƽˡ
ɶ񰡣Ɒ΢壡
ھŭн
ûԼн죬Щԭ֮УȻ˲֮ӡ
õܴһ̣ƺûбԭ򡭡
һУ֮ڣͬӵоǿߴڣ
򣡡
ٴһȭʱ򣬷ⶸȻһΧĿռȻĳı仯
ɱ
Щ㵵Ŀ£еĳԥıǳͷ­նȥ
ͨ
һƿ쳹ôһųªͷ­ѪɫȾˣΧһѪꡣ
ֻǣ˫ûбϵ۾ڣɻǲһĨȻ
þûõЧһӣʤ

гٴλӶΣĽֱӽƵʬ飬ڡ
˻
칬Ǽӵܶɵٴεһ
֮ǿ̶ȣǿɶǼΪǣʱȴǱǰİӼ׵ľնɱˣ
Ǹе˼֮࣬ͬʱ𾪡
ʵģ֤ǰӵǿᣡ
ʱҲûа߷߲ƽеģֻȻ
ƺҲֻǵȾŰ
ҡҡͷǹһĨЦ
Լƺˡ
ȴǲףˣʶģ
벻ףΪഫ½ʶѵӵ׼ϤҲ½

һУƲ˿ũҩҩԵת£ܿǻָһۻָǶ˹˵лλû
ţ
һ㶣ƺǰӲʶԼ
ȻͨԼ죬ǣڳһУԼôҲǺպΪռӵܻ᲻Լ
ǰӴֿƺҲ˵ѡ
λ̨ˣΪ칬ԴĸˣⶼӦġ
ҲǿĹֵ
츳֮ˣɲĵˣܹ֮ãҲһ顣
˻˼䣬ƱЩȲĳȥҲѾӻֻǻЩš

ſ˫֣ʵľŮ§˻УۿͬЩ졣


955 ٵĶ
طĻ棬ǣŮȴҲ벻Ȼ֮£콵ֱӻԭľҹһˣնɱȫˡ
⣬𺳵Ůķġ
Ƕһۣǿ˶ԷڵĲ˼뼤ɫ
һ漣ʱٶȴһ
ǶԷױȵģǣǿһ֮޷⣬ӵ˵ʵģɽ磬Դڵģ
ʱԲʻʱԣǱǿס޵У
ʱǣȥﻹа˫ӵʣ밮еСŮ
ȻĻ칬ӵܺᣬǣֲòϣӣȷ˫ӣ

黰࣬˼е̶ȣֻҲǳ鴤ѣɴһת۾վ۲Ϊ
ڷƵ֪Ůλԭ֮ҲЩЦá
·գȻΪԴ׷ϣʧ˷λԲƿһأֱһ·ܹ飬ǳ·գ
ӲҲȷ˵Ů㣬ûйĶĳʶûգΣС죬ԼʱϵɾͲ롣
еĿ»棬õķһٴ§Ůƺǻ᲻һ
Ů˵̫ҪˣʧȥһԻľأ칬ΪĴ
ȻʱԴݻǣǸʱԻôģңһ
ۣ߱
ҲŮĲ֮
Ļ䣬ǾԵı׶ˣ֮ŮҲͬõܿɹľ飬Ժ󣬾ͻԼⷽȱ㡣
ԴˣҲǸеΪᣬԸŮȥðգǣǲ飬Ǿ޷õĳɳ
Ƹ磬ԺǻСĵġ
ķǽüͷ˵

ŮǳģһľҲڻˣֻ̾һʲôҲ˵ֻǾıŮܵʵĴڣĲ̤ʵ

壬ʣܾôˣ
ũҩ䣬Ůһ֮󣬷ٴһĨâ
ȻֻȵĴˣǣȴܴأԼũҩѾ켶۷壬ҪȬɲһ顣
֣֪Դںδ
վŲԶʵ
֪
˵ͷ͵һѵ롭
ţ
ֱ£Ƶ˵ͷһĨаȵĻȡ
ȻѾĵ̣ûдҪֻȥ
ԴʯҪģʥҽʥصĴͣΪԼպʥ㣬ȡԴʯС
ھƵĶԴϸ֮ף뵽õԴʯİ취ǾȥٱԴ
ӣ
ǰӣޱȵ𺳡
壬ǿ֮һƽʵ֪߳˶ٱ
ȻȥԴ⣬ֱǵΪǷ֮ǰԻΪȥ
ڼķӵпռ츳֮ȴǲôΪˡ
ܹ̤еԴ֮ڣѾӵ˲֮صıϣԣ£û׼Ϸ
ңǱ߻վһ֪ǳıڡ
һϣѾǼΪǿˡ
ԴڸԴķֲͼ
ûԥֱӱóһŴ͵ͼ̿һΪƽţڣλãȥԴ֮أλǰܸϵˡ
Ŷ
ƽ·߼ԺڣźǸмĶ˵лָ㡣

ھɻ
ԴֲͼֲʲôܣУôռӵܽԴȴûŵͼأ
ѵռҵǸˣ
δֵ䣿
ʵȴѾ֮ռѩصĺӵܡ
ƣ
ƴŵЦ˵
ƣ
֣һ㶡
ѵǻɣ
ɫƱ֪Լռ֮ˡ
Ͼ췣УȥǾһ׼ϤС
Ҳռ֮ˡ
ʵ˵ǹһĨЦ
Ȼռ֮ˣԺǰ
ռҵˣ
칬ӵܶǲĿ
׼֮岻ռ֮ˣĸģ
ңɽƺҲûĸշ簡
õɻ󲻽⡣


956 
ҪԴʯȻȥʯԴ֮ڣ̫鷳ˣңһԴ֮ǸûжˣôǼ˾ܹģʱ򣬳ǧΧǿɲǺģǿᣬķ츳ҲɣԻᱻɱ
ǲȥԴʯȥ
Դһ㶼֮ᣬҪصסԲǼܹƵ˵ġ
ңֻԴʯҪˣҪģֻȥԴʯˣϣЯԴ֮ڿɳľԴʯһԣҲһö
ֻԴʯˣȻߣңһ㶼ǸΪǿˣҲǵɲ˭ܹȥǵģ
Ƿ֮ǰҲԲȥٱԴʯڲͬˣһƣһ֪ǳȴܹһɱͬǿߵı飬Լĸǿ߼ˣĶ飬ﶼǳĴڣѾ߱ȥٵʸ
ԴʯִͣУʵǵĴڣԴ֮ڣҲŵŵǿߣֽɫɱ
˳һɫĽԴʯ͵ֿһἰɣɫЩء
ȻɣǸ򵥵ĽɫѾ߱˳Ϊպ漶Ǳ
ܹɱƣ
ԣƵüͷҲ΢΢
ȻܹնɱƣҲԲɣΪ򡯵ĴڣҪնɱɻҪϺܳһʱ䡣
ǣɣȴǿ׵ɱƣɾ˵ɵʵԳԼ
ֹһԵֻüͷҲ΢΢
ʵǿᣬӹɣǣһɱ֣ģһɱһʮ˲䱬ǣִﵽʮĶ֣ȥӲɲǿ
һĵǿߣɱɲ׵£еļⲻɱĶ
û
ĵ˵ͷ˵ɣ˵ѾǰʥˣҪʥףֻһͷ飬ΪѾˡĴڣ֮ԲʥףΪ˸ԴʯֻˣԴʯŻᰲȫǲУһʥףȻͻ˽ȥʵ嶼ôģԣҪԴʯǲܵ飬Դ֮ڣûйٳɹӣ
ԭ
ƻȻĵ˵ͷ
嶼ɵӣܹվʳ߲壬ǵǻۣɲ塣
ԴʯͲ˵ˣԴʯÿһ嶼ҪôΪ˷٣ˣȷܹһʧ
ʵǿᣬһʱͻʥףһݱϣ
һԴʯһӴĿǸ壬ʧôһԴʯҲʹܾá
Դʯⲻһĵ̣Ҳһĵ̣ĿսǾǿ֮ĶԾԴʯܹܶ飬һĴ
ԣҪԴʯôܹɱϢĻᣬȻǾͻṦһ񣬶ңŭ𣡡
콫Ŀڷϡ
ǷܹɹǷӵϣΪӵǹĪĿռ츳ʵǿᣬҲ벻
֮⣬ʮӣʵһģпܻ֮˵ĴڣʱǾ
콫Լ뷨ƻȫѳ
ãô죡
۾һֽкãô
ܹɹ£ôʥҽʥصӭжˡ
һ뵽֮ķչ٣Բǳ֮ƣҪõĵõԴʯԴһǿܹԴķֳ֮
ʥҽʥʱĽϣӵе֮ˣ͵ӵ˲ʮ۹ĵ̣ټʥҽʥصӰѾ㹻𳬷ˡ
ֻҪʱ㹻ŽƶΪʮ۹
ȻҲҪ̲ʥҽʥأֻ߻Ľˣȡ̣ԲøԤԷڲֻǴ˵Ĺʶ
֣ԴΣ
뵽е뷨ƱǶʵ
ҪõԴķֳɣɲǼ򵥵飬ڵõԴʱȻԲֳܷһ
ԣƵ⻹ǴѰԴ֮ϣֻҪڶԴʱԼչԼʵֳɣȻ˷ҵġ
ʱԼʵֳɣԲ٣
һԴķֳɱ֤Ѿ㹻ˣҲֻҲܹ𣬵ʱ򣬳Խʮ۹Ҳûпܵ飡


957 ޶Ľ
Դ
Цҡҡͷ͵ԴѾݽˣڣһֱѰԴϧһֱûԴ䣬ԣԴʯǳԴ޵ϡ
Դݽˣ
һȴǲ¶ɫѵûȥһ
һ
һĨ졣
ܲףΪǰĳʶ֪
㣬벻ס
ѵ治ռҵˣ
ͻأģһĨͷ֮ǰ칬ڵһЩԡ
Ǵ½ģҴ½Ѿˡ
Ǹʱ⣬һ½ˣܹ칬ӵˣŮӦ칬ĴҲԲġ
ڣָоҲǰˣ½ǸŮˣ
ԴȻԣǣòʧпܻܾˣȻ̵
ϸĽš
ȷڸտʼʱ򣬶ԴԴ֮ڼǳ£ǣ˭Դģ
ƴԲֹͣƴ۷εҪôͻʥ׵ķˣҪôͬھô͸Ļô
Ҫ۷εǿɲǼ򵥵飬Ҫʱĳ
ԭˡ
Ƶ˵ͷ
ȷ廥ѪƴǸǸᣬʱԴڶ޷㣡
ԴԴԽԽˣѰһЩԴڽذĴڣԴıԴʵҲȥȻԴ綼׵Ļˣ
̾һʵֻ壬ԴҲͿݽˡ޾µĿɣԴҲʣǼԴ˰ɡ
Ŷ
һĨ⣬ʵ֣һԴʲôôأ
Դ
ǰŵЦӣ췢֣ԽԽˣһЩ
󳬷ŵֻҪܹѰʡԴˣܹõһԴʯĽңӵԴİٷ֮һķֳɣ
⻰һ˵Χ۾ǲɵһ
ȻΪһԴʯĽǰٷ֮һķֳɸˣ
ƾ㣬ܹ˷ûܹԡ
һԴİٷ֮һһʾ޶Ŀûܹ㣬Ǹ󳬷ҲΪ֮ۺ졣
ͬʱҲ˵󳬷ҲѰԴ޲ˣȻҲῪ˾֮ۡ
Ҳֻܹȵ󣬱ԴµԴ
ٷ֮һô
ƲδΪ֮û¶˷ܡ
ٷ֮һķֳɹȻһʾ޶ǣܹõֳɵһǿܹõһ㰡
ǿʮ֮һ
ǲǷƵĿꡣ
ǰ
˵ͷ
ԽԽӾʲôˣΪ˾ջܹһѰԴأ
Ҫ֪֮ҲǼѰԴ񣬵ɣѰ˴ûаЧ
ԴȻȲϺɽǰĹ󣬵ǣҲһ½СĿռ䣬С
ңƬϿɲֹ壬ԴޣЩģ
ǸѰԴƽѶȡ
ӵ켶۷ͫʯʦҲѰҲԴȷѾݽˣԣ⼸ɱԴΪѰԴΪ
Ϊ֮һ칬صԴָƣʱΪ˽ǰӣѾ㾡ȫˡ
ָоԻԼ벻ĺô
л棡
Ƹмĳ˹֣ǰӶһֺøС
Ǹɽ֮ˣ
룬ƿ̹ϣֿ
ǺǣֿˣⲻһЩʶѡ
ϲĻ
һȥ˱
һ죬ڷƵ£ܿǻָŵ˰ȣȷõ˸еļƤ˲֪ٲ㡣
໣
ڼ˾һɽȵشʱһӵ޺˵ע⡣
ԴȺ
ɫһ䣬
Դô
޺𣬷ʵҲѾ뵽ˣϾԴҲֻԴһ࣬һ˫֮ڱȼܵ棬һ˫ħͫһģ˲ֱӡ
֮ͫ£ǿһͷͷ״Ұ㣬ƤëȴǴ׾Ө֮ɫǴ׳ҰޣԼٵı
Դɣ
ʮͷԴޣ
һɨһĨϲɫɵ˵ǺͷԴʯˣ
˵գȳԴȺȥ


958 Ҳǹ
ɱ
ɱӷƿ³ֱ¶˳ǳ֮׼֮ս֮۶ɵİɫӨ޽ٴ¶УЯܹɱƣһ˳ԴȺУųֱӳһͷԴնȥ
໣
ͷԴ۾ͨ죬¶͵ݣޱɭĹâһضһſڣ³һڴ׵ĹĿռ䶼ۿɼĲ棬ܶһС
ߣ
һĨâ˲ʧԭأٴγֵʱͷԴ޲棬еİɫľ޽ûаԥֱӳͷԴ޵ͷ­ն䡣

һ䣬һɭİ׺ۣǽػһ㣬̶ƿ쳹ûж谭ģֱӱǽԴ޵ͷ­ն
ৣ
ڵڶͷԴײʱ򣬷ٴιһʧԭأ˸գȻһ룬ǸܵвӦʱͷ­Ѿһ
ɱ
죬ֻأĸ칬ӵܶǳɱȥ֮ǰ顣
ʮͷԴޣɲСĿˣֻЩ칬ӵܣԻѡãڵɾͲͬˡ
ৣ
ֻصٶȿ磬ֿ磬ֻһǰͷԴޱǸƿͷ­룬ȡһͷԴ׼ʱ򣬴ƿͷ­вʺѪҺ
һߣҲǵжƺ嫣նɱԴҲ˿֣ɱԴҲɣǺܷ
칬ӵǾͲˣΧɱһͷԴ޶Ҫʱ䣬ֵ˵Դ̫Щ̫ǿˣ
һǵɱǾһ֮ʽչ
¡¡
¡Ĳҽϵ⴦ɽ֮쳹ɷڳľĳŰһƬɳʯľ
ĸǿߵĴ£ʮͷԴȫԲˣңʱǼӶѣѾȫ£ѪȾܱߵأѪζӡ
Ȼ󲿷ֵĶ˷ֻصϣǿԴޣ˵ûʲôѹһһʽ֮䶼ܼѪ
һʰ֮ʮͷԴϣڳöԴʯ
Ҳһʲٵջˣ칬ӵѹֲסľϲƾѾˡ
öԴʯĸӵһֵöֻһöŮö
Դʯֻزδܾ
ֻʥˣҪԴʯ
Ȼͬ죡
ֻٴγ֮𶯣һ棬һ
ٶȣ޷ܣɱ޷ΪУΨ·һ
һɱ˿ûаˮ뵽һֲĴڡ
ǡ
뵽ǸڣһĨ֮ɫ
Щˣô
Ǵ
˾ȻҲԸ
ֵԽ࣬ԽǾãԼѾĸı䡣
һУΪǰӣ
е˵ǣԼѾ˵ܹܲΪ֪ǣҲˡ

һڲǼĳС
Ƹ磬ҲҪȥ
ҧ촽ּᶨĿ⿴ŷơ
⡭
ԥˣüͷ΢΢
ŮʵȻǣҪȥеҪȥɱǿߣɣ
㣬ļƻҲǻٷ֮ٵĳɹ
ΪɵʵʵҲҲֻһŵѡ
Ƹ磬ǾԲĺȵģ
һ˫ˮ㲻ӦҾͿ޵ģһԵҲǳˮ⣬Ҽķƺۡ
ܲԸŮȥðգԸаˣεļƻҪμӣҲ޷ȷİΣ
ǲף
ҡͷӲĳǼ
޷ǣŲ԰׵ÿһĳжһ¡
ҪŮΪҵĻ䣬һҪԴ磬һҪμεĽɱ̫Σˣ
ҺѾǿˣ˵ˣһﶼȥΪʲôȥ
ΪģʱͼˣָһԵš
ɲǵǸˣڵۺɽ磬֮ͬ˵УûжܹԽġ
ȿȣ֣ˣȷǿңҲ޷Ƕ˶Կ
ǳ˳飬ڷЩĿ˵
Ҳǹ
ҲϣǰŮֵĻȷ޷⡣


959 ĸ
Ǿ֮壬ƾԣѾǿ죬ǣʵսĸ涼ԶԶս졣
ǣӵб֮˴ĻǽͻȻͬˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһսŮ࿹ܱǾ㹻ܹԼƵĻ㲻նɱƣܹش
ʵѾСˣ
ô
üͷһһĨ⡣
ʵնɱʮͷԴ޵ʱŮʵǿУһܹ֮жϳ
ȷǱȽŮϣѹ⡣
УŮһֱҪӻģңοɲȥ棬ɲаأȻͻṦһ
Ȼģ
ŮеԷƵĻɱʾΪ
Ƹǲţʹһ֤ʵһ£
ԣ֤ʵһ¡
˵ţŮƣҪ춯֣õķЩЦãæֹǵж
ô˵Ƹˣ
˷ܵŷƵֱ۽еھǹʡ
ʲô
ûֵžӨ֮ɫǣɫѵεͬСɣ𣿡
أ
⻰촽һʣˮۿӵĿʵĿŷ˵ԭںƸУҺֻ׸ѣأ
ͬҲۿ죬סµˮֱ÷ƻ
˺ˣҴӦˣӦ˻𣿡
æҵİοˣΪֹסҲֻεĴӦˡ
ʵŮʵʱ϶ܹæֻǣƲȥð¶ѡ
ģ
ŮۺĿǳ֮⣬ǷƵǸҲڻˡ
ġ
СĲϵˮ΢ĵ˵ͷ
ҮҾ֪Ƹˣ
һӦŮǻղſģټǻģͷıóѵСꡣ
ԴˣΨпЦ
Ůɱﵣ޷ܾ֪ϵƭҲĸԸ
ܹԼŮ˳赽ֵزҲȷ˵ĵİǣܵί
ܱ֤֮ĽŴʱЦеŮе㡣
ŮЦݣⲻ׷
ȻǿǰǸƻУ㲻ܹɹҲܹΣս͡
˵ˣʱ˵㡭Ȼȡǰȥʸ񣡡
ƹɫ˵ţŮҪʱһ仰õƵĽѾ͵ķ˻ȥ
ܱûȥǿô
ңĲԸΪϺȵģҪԼʵ֤Լ

ദͿˣ֮£ãԼǸ㲻ǰ飬ֻǶһͣһӵѡ
ǰ
ǰһĻѾõĽڹ͡
ģ
򵥵ĸ֣Ѿڹ͡ˡ
ȥɣǵã⼸췢飬а͸¶ȥô
תһɫĶ칬ӵܽš
˫ӵ˳֣⻹õ㣬಻һЩ˵ļƶѣǣնɱ֮ˣ㣬ǾͲͬˣһȥԻ⵽ı
ɲǿЦģرʱ򣬼пӰεļƻУ
ף
˶ǵ˵ͷ
ֻصǿ𺳵ǣҲˣʲôˣ֮޷㣬κ鶼пܷ
ǣǾԻجΣ

ĵ˵ͷֽһ䣬Уǵýȡˣȥɡ
ǣ
ӦһǳԶĳȥ
ǳĺӵܡ
ƲɰԵͷ죬Ҳ֮ġ
ˣȷΪ˴£ķһ˵УǸصʦѩ֮⣬Ӧþǰˡ
ҲΪ˽Σԣ󳬷ܳò˥
²˳٣жǴһΣɾҪˡ
Ʋš
У
˵ͷ֣óöŷ˵֣ĸֻҪеĸܹӦʱ¡
ã
ƴнӹ΢΢һӦܹӦöڣһ޵ĲֲƺܹӰ쵽ĸȻô󣬵ǣĳεͨȴǲ֮ѡ
ߣ
䣬һ˱ʧԭأٵĳͬһȥ


960 
壬ӵܹκ֮սⷽ϶Կκȵ£ܹѹģûж٣ԣȻ˿٣ǣҲϳ֮һڶ֮ϣ۷Ĵڣûжȥ仢롣
ҲΪ˿٣ǣõԴȴκͣԣǵǿȶԶԶĳ壬ƽʵ˵ǰҲǰʮĴڣ
ʵȴǰʮԭҲΪǵ˿̫ˣ̫Ĳ
巢սֿԶѣ
һ·ϣƽ÷һ˿Ҳ
ȷ壬ǿǺų壬ķսöѣҲܽ帲
Ҳֲã嶼ΪȨ⣬Բű˽յֿͻҲԲļֻǸ崴ѡ

Ƶ˵ͷ˵Ǿڴ˴ʱһ񡣡
Ƹģ
ֵܷġ
ŮǹɵӦţҲһ棬ֻ΢΢˵ͷ
ˣ
ĿһŮһʧԭأӰ٣ûаۼ

ԴһƽϣΧʮﷶΧûа谭һ۾ܽΧһпУϮҲܹܿķ֣׼ӭͷʹ
ഫ֮ǰҲһɽ֮أõԴ֮󣬱ǽΧһƽΪ˾Ƿֹ͵Ϯ
һжӵпռ츳ķ˵ȴʲô谭ĵͼʱѾǱ뵽Դ֮ڡ
ৣ
һ΢ƿ쳹ƳһķϵĽϣһƬɫȼգɨܣ΢΢˿
ЩطѾǱɹˡ
ΧϵĿӰۼһ֣Ӧջơ
໣
ǣ
¡
ͻأģӶѨһ޺һЩ֮Χĵ涼Щ΢𶯡
Դޣ
Щ΢΢һ㶣αǳŶѨȥ
ĵطʱɱѾֹͣˣڰϢۿŲԶ
ͷԴѾѪУѪһأʬΧվˣǸϢǿȻ綼ǲ͡
飡
һǰȥһȭͽԴ޵ͷ­ҵϡãһǶѺ׻һϣɫһϲóһöӨ͸˸貹Դʯ
ٺ٣ԴڵԴ޾ǲһʮͷͷԴʯ
ų˸¶һĨȻЦݣٺһЦĽԴʯݸһˣͷ

΢ĵ˵ͷĸѲأҪԴ޵ңȥԴʯϽͻǡ
ͷľǣڣԳ⣡
Ǽű֤š
ǸΪͷ˳Լλ˹һʧԭأҳûд𣬵ȵ߹ʱ俴Ҳûһֱۣ˹ȥ
ৣ
ٴγԭأһ˫֮ͫٴȼ棬Сĸ˵һһûз
ҲûܹϢԴ֮ڣԣҲûȥעû˸ԼһĳԼϤĵطȥ
Ҳ֪˶ٸ䣬߽Դһ۵ϸСļзУ˽ǧ֮ͣ˽Ų
ˣ
ʯöţڷնõķһ
Ȼʯ֮϶ڿˣ
¡¡
һǿʯھȻƶһ˿ͨ洫һЩɫ΢΢һ䣬ɨһԣǵͷ˽ȥ
ৣ
һ΢ƿ쳹ϸһεŵ֮âתֱǴѾ£˵ʯڣƺޣ
ʯ֮һʯң棬Ի欵ŮӣŬֺһģӣˮһǿΰϣǼ˽Ҳδأǿһ
״ˣǽջ񣡡
߽һֱͷĿбӣǰ֮ȡһöָݷ֮ϣĺ


961 Ĺâ
ϵĽָ欵ŮӣڲźۼһĨȣȴǺܿ
ȻǺöָװŵʲôǣͬʱҲףⶫԼܹģȻȴǵĽٲ
Ĳ
ΰöָ΢ɨһۣһĨ⣬ȻѵõĿһ䡣
ⶼ״˵ĹͣСĲִ״˵ָѡ
ɫһϲæϹϾ˵ţȫƸΪ׵ӣһƨĵɫֱӾͻ
ԺҽӵһԱЩѲ鹤Ͱȥɣ
΢΢˵ͷĶ˵
л״˵ΣСԸΪ˸ǡ
⻰˼ֱӹȥбһѵİķеĻ
ˣúøɾǣ˲Լµġ
ĳ˰֣ʾ˳㣬Ǹ欵ŮӸһЬӵһѣǵֱ
ν˼ãǣһһһҲֻûɢõζˣȻǾͲ񣬶ԭˣ
˵ԭƺҲΪԭ򣬶ңԽӵǿˣһԽ⡣
ԣʵж˵ߵֱܷͣˡ
ԽģʵԽߣ
ȥɣ

Ӧһǵͷ첽ĳȥһҴ߳ңϲɫĳԭʱķȥȴûпһ˫ɫħͫעһС
֮壡
ƵĿǴʯڣૣһĨâ
ҪжʱֿͶ˶
ԴʯεɾˣٹɴȡԴʯʱһ飬ġ
׸ϵĽָΪ˵ţʱɴڸԼ䣬ҾͿ뿪طȥңˣ
ŮɫԴ绹ŮӾܹĳһ벻Ů˵棬פʺԴڣ˵һʹĥ
ţһĻĻĿĻ桭
һ飿
ƽĿƿ۾΢΢
ԭҪֱնɱΪ׵ˣװԴʯĽָǣʱĻﲻ˵Դ֮ڣҲһ鳤ѣ
ǴʱɱǾԻݾߣʱпܻСʧ
ǱԴڣ֪ɱһ鳤Ի߶ӣʱǿ϶ж

΢ĺ˿ƻǷе뷨һʧԭأǰǸʧĵطȥ
ڸһʱ˽⵽ˣԴĴš
ֳ˼ʮһһ飬һµĲҲͼԴʯɣǼǾһʾ޶
ʱƲЩңǸղŶ֣ҲܹõԴʯѣʱĻòʧ
졭
һԴȥ
˿ֱӽ뵽δ棬˲ٵԴޣһ˸ҴԣƱֱ¶Σ߶ţǼԴޣֱӳɱʬѪǸûʲôۼ
ѽ
һСͻȻ˳ǰצָߵǸʾǰȥ
Ǹط
ͫ˸˸Ǹλƿһ޵ĹâȻǺԣǣƵʣȴǸһ嫺ĸоǰϢ˿һҲѹ֣Ŀдѹ
ǾԲǼ򵥵Ķ
ȻƲŹâǺƷǣܹСһעģǾԲ
ͷԴ޾ۼ
ǣƬΧ֮üͷ
ƬѹѹһƬȫԴޣٶͷԴޣֲ̫ˣͬʱûܹϴܹܣѾˡ
ڣȴҪȥٶͷԴмȥѰǾҪٶͷԴȫնɱС
ƾռ츳Ҳǲܵ飬ǣǶ϶Сʱ˵ע⣬ɾǸױˡ
Ըġ
ǣҪϢĽ⼸ͷԴޣǼǲܵ飬ֵεУһãܻᱻش
Ҫôܽǵأ
Ŀ˴Сϣ۾¶ɫ


962 ǿػ
ѽ
ķƵĿСǿٵ˻ȥǸƺľ˳ֱ޹ҲֻڷƵв֮£ܲԸĳߵͨȥ
ৣ
ͣȺԴ޵һǧ״ͣһ죬˲ʧԭء
໣
ͷӴԴ޺۾׷ǰֻҫСޣвϵķͺǼʲôһ棬Ҫ⵨ǵС޸飬ǣƾǵٶȴʼղôһ㣬ǼΪջиǺ޼

ͻأģһɫľ޽ƾճһͷԴ޵ͷ֮ϣɢ˵ɱ¾ϢһɭĻȣֱӽͷһͷ­ն
ͻȻ䣬õһͷԴͣ˽Ųͷʱǿһ賯Լ
໣
Ǿƣõðæĺˣ³һڹҪǳž޽һɱϧֻоǰһӱǲټûзӦʱʶõĺڰС
ણ
˵棬΢ĺ˿һڵһϸСѪ۵ͷͷԴΪôСˡ
꣡꣡
Ļ£ϵͷ­ǱöԴʯЩ֮ﵱУһץöԴʯǱϡ
Դ޹ȻĲһ
öȵԴʯ΢΢Щϲ
Դʯʵ̫õõˣ滹ٶͷͷǻȣߴСٴǰȥַʽոԴ޵ڴԴʯҲԽԽࡣ
Ϊ˲ЩԴأ
һɱԴޣȡԴʯȴɻš
ֻǣ֪ǣⲢ岻ЩԴޣǹ֮深ܣǿɵһشԴ޳ȥңȻǾԲԴޡ
ʵÿ嶼ģַʽҲ൱ڱĻԴޣֻкôûлֶΪأ
ʱЩ循ĻԴޣڷСļš
ǣþڣԴ޼˼ʮͷ֮СټǱЩԴ޸ˣȥ֮󣬱ܵǵصĹΪӵйȰٶȣʱͭƤǣҲᱻɱ
໣
⻹нٶͷԴȫ໵Ľſ˳һֱ׷ŲţǺ¡ޱڣ涼ڲš
ã
洫ɫֱһ䣬ʧԭأСȺԴ޳ſȥ
ৣ
뿪ǧҵĹ䴦һֱֻƾճ֣һѽǰС˽ȥӣȺޱڶֱӳĿȥ
ô£
Ŷߴĺ¡Ž²ĵ棬ʮڿԴʯһ㶣Ŀ⿴ͬһһͷͷͫͨ죬ǿŰһѪ۵ԴԼ˷ĳɱ˹
ԴȺ
⼸ʮ˻ҵԴѾ嵽ǰ̣⼸ʮ˱Ǳ̤⽴ΪûмСףȺԴ޲δֱͣȥвҵͲݣҪ̤ƽһеơ
ңԴ֮ڻǾģûɧұ˵ע⣬ǼһͬԿЩԴޡ
ϧˡ
â˸˸ϧ̾һ
նɱʮͷԴޣõʮöԴʯ㣬ǽͷԴޣٻܿʮһöԴʯ
һʲСĿˣ棬նɱǧͷԴҲܵòôࡣ
Դʱȴǲ˳ȥʲô
Ǿȼķǡ
뵽֮ļƻƵһĨаȵĻȣٴʧ
ĿģȴصĹâ֪ǾʲôǲӦòԴʯŶԣңܹСһע⣬һ㶼ʲô򵥵Ķ
ףôһͷԴڣ
ڿǴʱ򣬷ƴռ˳ͫһɨǿһͷѰԴ޸׳˶Դޣ̾Ǵâڵĵ֮ϣû뿪벽ƺػŹâ
ȻŹâ
ǣ֮ͫ£ȴǿ嫺ĹâȴһͷԴ޵ڡ
ǿ󣡡
ϸһɨͷԴޣ΢
ͷԴ޲ֹǱѰԴ׳˶ڵĲ߷ƣͷԴ޾ӵֻ֮Ҳһ֮ܽնɱ


963 Դ֮
ѵͷԴ޾ΪЩŷ䣬űǿģ
ǰһЩ
Ȼ˴ʱǲŹâʲôǣЩõͷԴʵ֤ŹâĲпܻǴ˵Ĵڣ
һ뵽ȥƱͷȡ

ĺ˿ѹЩҵָ΢һʧԭء
໣
ͷԭ̾ŵԴޣƺǸܵвվзͳĺЩɫëǸһһ˫۾ֱĳΧɨţǾ衣
ৣ
ƴռ֮˳еľ޽ûаԥģֱӱǳͷԴ޵ıնȥ
꣡
һ쵽вͷԴ޻һϵһëͬһǵصĳ˷˳ȥռ쳹һƿƺܹ͸һǿ¡

ǰ꣬ջ˾޽ȥƣһ䣬޽ԲתֳһԲεĹܣϮ棬쳹ӵײ̻ſ
໣
ᣬͷ׳˶Դ޿ٵĵͷſڱ³һˮͰ׳ľֱϮƵؿڣҪܹвֱɱ

ưһһٴʧԭأӰ١
Ⲣ˵Ӳǣ֮ǿֱܻӽ⴦壬ʱεõɢâ壿
¡
ڶϣֱӾʹ͸˹ȥڲף֪жΧӲʯ϶һɲѺۣǾը쳹ĺԶǿ˶ܹļǷ׷׶ǲĿͬһ򣬲﷢ʲô£ֱӶǳŸôȥ
ʵģ϶ԴɱܹŪ˶ظΪңԣǱȥ֧ԮȻɱȥпܻʧܳһԴ
ˣ
Ƹմռһǰǧٿ׵ʯڣɫĺѿ
ʵģԻ˵ע⣬ԣѾܾôˡ
ôҲ벻ͷͬҰһԴ޾Ȼӵ˵ǣļ꣬ӵ츳ҲҺԣΨлأ⣬ɾͻ췴ӦĻᡣ
ҪУ
Ǹƶ벽ԴޣҲ
ȷĹâǷͬѰ᲻ȥ˱¶ҲҪõ
ǣͷԴƺԼģ뿪벽ΪջȴҲڶʱ޷κ
ֻˡ
ͨԽԽƿ̾һʧ٣ԭأֻʣͷԴԭƺ𣬾ĿǴƿͨڣһ˫۾ѪѪģǳ޵ɫ
꣡
Щ˸ʱһһǵصķ˳ȥǰǼֱӾѣֱӾòˡ
໣
ſڣ³һڹ֮󣬻ڶ֮һ׵ĺڶ
ܣǿ˹
ôôǿ
ޱȾ㵵ĿǰһĻ׷׶ͣ˽Ųҳǰȥ
Ƕϵһڸǣⲻܹ˵ġ
ʱҲǱڰԶһֱڹ۲ߵĶֻ̬Ҫһлͻ֣а˼ɣ
ûʥ˵Դڣӵпռ츳ɲ˭

໣
ΪԽԽ࣬׳˶ԴҲԽԽŭֱвϵ³һֱûôͣЪڵ޾һ
ԲͨԴޣӦһͷԴ֮
ͻأģȺдһڣȻЩĲ
˻
ôܣѵԴ֮
пģͷԴޱ֮ǰЩǿ̫ˣ
ƽĺȥһöʯͷʱΧĴ쳹һһ˫˫ڶ¶ֻȵĿ⣬
Դ֮
ƺ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ҲȷǰͷԴޣȷʵܹΪԴеߣ
ʱһ֮Ǽʮ˴ѹĽǳֵ֤ʵһͷͨԴޣ
ֻǣȴףΪЩȷͷԴԴ֮֮ÿ˵鶼ôأ


964 Դ
ഫԴ֮ǷܳԴ֮϶оԴ
Ⱥдôһ仰õķ͵һڣҲͬӿһɼ
ȻԴ
ƵĺֱӾͱЩҲѹֵסʱеļֱ¶ڱ
ԴƲͺһһ䡣
һԴܹһϺü
ǻƶԴ
ʱȴǲ˽仰ĺ壬ƺһͣȴõֱӽԴĿԴ֮ϡ
һԴ̺㹻һ½ʥ˽һףֻڲģܹһ꣡
׶һס
ˣܹĴ
ʥ֮ǰҪģʵĻѣԣЩܹƾԼĵ̣ƽӹӵܵӵܷʾ磡
Ҳ˵ʥ֮ǰҪһУΪ˴һߺõǣΪԺϵʥ׼ѡ
ʥ˾֮ҪģǾͬˣۻ֮⣬̵ġ
ԣҲ˵ʥ֮ǰֻǻֻнΪʥ֮󣬲׷ϵġ¡
һԴֻҪ㹻һʥֱۻһȽ׵ԽԼһʥ˵Ĵʱ䣬ɼԴĲǳʥĴڣ
䱦Ĵڣ
ԭԴ
ʱƱЩȻ
ѹŹâ嫺ĸоѹ֣ͷԴ޻ΪԴ֮
һУΪǿԴ
ˣƸ¶˾ģһҪԴ

໣
Դ֮վһޣӲǽڶס粽ѽ
ܿģһЩǿҲǸ˹ЩУ֮ǰΪ׵Ҳڡ
ԣЩˣһ鳤ʵΪǿȻûи֮壬ʵǳѰ࣡
Ǳǧٿ׵ļʮʬ֮ǵɫѿ
Ǿ޴ʧ˵⴦Դûйôʧ
Դ֮
ڳ˻㱨֮ǵĿ㶼ǷԴ֮ϣϸ˵µĵ档
ΧĴûаãǣͷԴ֮ȴܳټƶõֱȷһͷԴ֮Ľµ棬̲һԴĴڣ
ҲԴ֮뿪ԭصԭ伮صһģһ
ʱҲûϧɫϵľǼǺ±ףʱҲް㱧Թ
Դļֵǿɶޱȵ
޼۵
˺󣡡
׳˳񣬴һըװڵ쳹Щȫĺ˿ȥֱֻ߸鳤վԭء
ҲڵĹ涨ֻҪһ⣬Աߵ֧Ԯԣվı߸鳤ˣ
֣
һĨâͷгһ貵ĳǹֱӳͷԴ֮ȥ
ৣ
ΧҲûԥͬ𣬸óԼЯܳԴ֮ն¡
໣
Դ֮Ŀ¶׹⣬ûҪ뿪ԭص˼ͺһһҫ۵ĹâţһĹǵصĳܱȥƿǿռ䶼͸һһ亹æǻΪأŵĶꡣ
ʱԴ֮ǵƲˣ˲ϵı֮⣬лʱ³ˮͰ׳ĹƵæңǱ̬֮
ֹһ㣬ǷҲӲȻõȥ޲ĹƵǲǰвˣסĺš
ȻԴԼģ
ͷԴܹ֮˺޹˼ɵģͫϸһͷǵ£һֱڣѸٵĲġ
ⲻɵıõķһʹ
ʹԴһֱ˷Ѱ
ȻѾԴԼ֮ˡ
㣬׵ҲԱǸż
˷˹ȫԸɱ˵
˺˼к
ôһ𣬱ǰ˸ںԴ֮չ˹ϵƽ
սЧһδγУԴ֮һĺۼŲϵĺˡ
˶¶ϲɫǼӴ˹
ǣϲĲֻˣһֱڰķơ


965 Ϊȸ
໣
Դ֮ҵĴУʾȫȴز˰˵ƣֻܲϵĺˣۿҪ˳Դ֮أڷˡ
̣
͵һ𣬻â嫺һţۿɼƣһ˫ȻҪ׳ǰ͵һ壬ʱһضɽҡӲĵ汻飬һѺӿȥһޱߣ˲ֱӵĹâʹǵѷкȻ˳һ˲䣬׵ˣԴ֮ǲı۾
Դ
жԴһ̣ǵĿ겻Դ֮貵㲻ֱӣҲ˫ֱ֣ץ貵Ĺâ
໣
ֻǣԴ֮ôǵóѣٴһХХռ䶼һһƣԶ䴦ЩǶѪɫҰֽĿ¶֣ͬʱΧɽһ󶶶Ѻۣɽʯбĺۼϵĵ䣬ۿҪѡ
ǹҪݻԴ
ͬʱǺХһĳ˷ϯȥһУӿȵֱӳ׵ˡ
Ѿƴˣ˱Դܣʵ𣬵ΪѰԴޣҲҪסԼԴֻҪԴԼ϶ʸ߷壡

״ײһȴòջֱ۽зȻֱֹۣ˶Իᱻ飡
ȫԴ֮
ŭеһģ˱ЩɲǴӵħһ˫͵һ˦۳ɵħǳԴ֮ȥ
Χȫ֮⣬Ҳ׷׷Լ߹ޱȫɱԴ֮
ףԴ֮ѾˣǲʱɱԴпܻᱻٵʱΣɾͲǿԳеġ
Ȼǿ
ڰһĿһֱ貵Դϣͬʱʵµ֪
̫ǿˣ
ţ⻹ǿߣȻҲڻᱻ䵽ռԴʯĸλϣ
Ӧֻмʵ
ˣܹģʵǷ壬Ѿ൱۷Ĵڣ
壬ƽʵǰʮĴڣ
ʱһͷӷԺ
ôЩ֮ϵ壬ǿᵽһʲôĵز
һΣļ䣬ò
ԼΪʱһɾͶմմϲҲЩǿУԼʲôǣ
ƿ䣡
ʼţԼܹƿڵ֮κǿ߿⣡
Ϊ磬ĸܣһƣԴɽԣɳܡ
֮ȵмΣ

¡
˼䣬һը쳹Դ֮ıԴ˵ȫһҵײһ𣬶ʱΧɽⳡײб飬ʯͷ£ֱ飬Ϊҳ죬סߣ׵˻Դָʱֻܿһģм両
ڣ
ȴһʧԭء
ৣ
һ룬ҳУΧܹѰǿߵľȫǲµͼڵ
ûаԥģֻһ̣ץסŵԴһ̣ٴʧԭأ̣һҲûõ
٣Դֻ֮ǿһӨӨĹӰһֱԴǲټ
ʱ˫һ㶣ǲȻŭ
໣
Դ֮ĺдžŭըװ쳹һ˫۾Ѫ˿һƬ
ԣʧȥԴѾ˷񣬴ʱֻһͷҪǰЩԼļһȫɱȻٽ
ҲƤ
ŭҲǺ޼ȻΪԴԴ֮ˣԴҪԵôϷ
¡¡¡
˫񶷣Ǵͨһڵѷ첻ϵĳԶӣԽԽԶŰƵЩ˲ϵĺˣ˵֣ǵЩ磬˵ѾǺܳԿˣԸﲻ֡
ǣ˹׵ˣԻռϷ磬ֱԴ֮ϵĺˣһζײб˳ȥǾ޴֮Ϲ˺ۡ
໣
۾ݺݵɨһۣƺҪǼסȻο˲ӣǳȥ
ߣ³Դ
׵Ȼ֣ŭһȫ׷ȥ
˼
Ļ΢΢һ䣬λĵȥһ̣ɢ١


966 ݺ֮
˺ޱ׷ɱԴ֮ϧþڣܿģǱ˵һԴȺ
ԴȺȻûԴ֮ȴнͷԴ֮ĺ£뷢˹Ǿһ룬壬һӭͷʹʵǿᣬһ¾㹻ȫˡ
ˣڼûзĳ£˶ЩǱǰˣǱײ˳ȥѪ£ɫֽ
໣
ܿģԴ֮ʶԼƣѪ۾һֱˣŭ𣬶Դ֮ڵԴ޷ٻһʱڣΧķڵԴޣĺ֮ȫǳ߼˹

ɫΪѿǸ׼ΪˣԴǧڵ죬Ǻݺݵĳ鴤š
ִˣ
ˣ
ǶԴȺԴ֮ȻܲģǴʱҲΨгˣȻǾԻᱻԴȺû
ֻǣˣԴ֮ȴûưոݣΪԴǸȥˣһ뵽㣬мΪջ𣬿еĺǺƴԴڴţǵֻԴޣȺ壬ߵٻȫǼ˹ʱԴ֮ټǧͷԴޡ
һѣ
Դָ֮£еԴ޶һйĿĵĴһ棬оʮ˱ɱ׵ȸʮ鳤ԴҲ޲ߣֻܱâ
֤ʵˣһйص壬µģ
ƣһԴȺƾռ츳ܹһһɱģǣǰԴָ֮µԴȺʮʮ֮ҲûĽ֮
ٳɶ࣬ϪɺӣӳɺԴ޵Ĺ಻ռͨΪάͨ˸ȥӲֻһˡ
Ȼ˲Դ٣־ƣҲ޼ƿʩǱԴ޸˳ԴԴ֮Ŀ£û׷Ϯõ׵鳤ƿڴ
ڣҪɱԴ֮˲ܵ飬ȻԴôϡ
ôҲû뵽飬ԭڻԴޣȴΪǰвõ˶ͬ˲Ӭһѿ
ҪԴ֮ңǻɱԴ֮Ȼ˵ǽԴѾ˲ܡ
չҲ÷Ϊ֮Ȼռ֮ڴЦ
һ˫񰡣ȵԴ˴֡
Դ
֣ϳһ貵Ĺâ
Դ״ͬʯһȴʹӨӨһʯһûĹЧҲ˻Ὣ֮ΪղƷղء
Ϊʵ̫ˣҲ覴á
ԴȻۺ񡣡
΢΢ĸӦһƲпš
ǽԴʯСˮΣôԴ֮ھ൱һ
ѹ־Ȼܹм
ʱ򣬷ûٻɻݵĹ֡
⻹Ƿڳиǿ߲ģǷڷּļ壬ʱʮϡ
һöԴӦö㹻ʥҽʥǨ˰ɣ
˼ƱǽԴ
ⶫɲܱ¶ˣȻ£ⲻֹĸҪĿӣ
ĿǰʵûлסԴĿԣԣҲֻн֮ѩأ
֪Դ֮ڳԴ֮ӦûᷢһЩȤɣ
֮һĨâ
ֳҪٵǲˣĿ϶Դ֮ϣûжʱȥ
ֻҪѰҵһԴõĻӵķʢ֮Ҫ壬ҪѣֻҪԴ֮һʱӿɾʹˣ֣Ҳù
ߣˣ
һߣȥȥˡ
ϾɾͻԴʱԿѹԴֻ֮ҪԴȺһңҲں֮ڣʣµľֻа׵ˡ
ԣ֮ڽϢɢȥ

ʲôԴ֮ڳԴ֮
쾪Ľ֮ھǼɫ̫Щ⣬ֻضΪ֮ɫˡ
Դ֮о൱Դ
ȷ
ŷƣǽŵʵ
ȷѾͷԴ֮ϳԴˡ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ʱֻǽԼ͵ԴǶθʡˣҲʱѾ
Ⲣ죬ǣһôпܻܵԵĴ


967 ޻
ӦԴ֮ɣ
ƶԴ֮Ժն˵һŻȣҪֱӳɱȥˡ
Դջʵ̫ˣû˻ܹסջ
ֻֻأ˵֮ȴ˼Ŀ˷һۣǵͷȥûʲôʧ̬ķӦ
ûͷദ˲ֻ֪ȴ֪ǸԸԿˣֺ£ƾԲưոݣʱ󷽵˵ҲоͶһʲô
磬ԴѾõˣ
ȻΪܹ˵
ӵпռ츳£ԴҲǲܵ飡
ͻȥ֪ͨ
Щ٣˵һҪ뿪ȥбš
Ҳףɲһܹ㶨ģ㾡徫ǰпܷһ
֣ȵȣ
æס
ѪƴⲻԸģʱǴˣɾ൱ڵ壡
ʱﻹ֮أ
ô
תЩĿ
ȿȣġ
Ƹɿ˵Ҵŵɨһۣǧˣ鳤ҲаʮðȻĳɱȥҲ
ʱ׵ѾֻȥײͷϣǾԾһս
Ҳȷǡ
üͷ˵ͷ
ԴֶԲܷǴսضԿʱпܵòʧ
ϾʵϣԶԶ塣
ô죬Դ֮ǿǡ
һ뵽㣬ľЩ
ԴȻ칬ӵйǣΪԻ͵ʱڣԴ˵ڴ˵еĶˡ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦ֣ǿ֪ͨ壬ƴʱ̵Ǹã
ô
üͷ
һ壬⻹ûʲô£ǣһͬ壬ԲʱõԴҲشĴ
ⲻԸġ
Ȼ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ǲҪǼ壬ֻҪʱһõԴ֮ٳ棬ʱȻǶԴҲǼԵĸ⼸ôܻԸأ
Ҳԣ
ôһ˵۾һͬ۵㡣
Ǹʱ򣬵õԴˣǽǼ嶼ˣĳ֣ȷǸǳˡ
ŵʱͲǻˡ
ƽԼ뷨˵˳
϶ǲֱȥֱ棬˵˼ŲţˣԿ֮󣬿ܻ鷳
ԣ֣֮͸¶

һ֣һ֮ǼߣҴҵȥȥˡ

˿һĨھΡ
ҲǶѵһƭ
ҲûᵽԴԭԴ֮ԴڵȷС
ңⲻǱŶѣͿüƴӴ˽¸ĶԹ˵һ
Ժ󲹳
Ѿ쵱ǿ֮һԣպлᣬһһѡ
תǿһµֻأ֪һ϶֪ԴѾԼõˣ
칬Ϊصĳ
ʵҲֻظԼĿģļһһ˵ѾǺܲˡ
һУΪҪѩһ
氮Լ
Ȼ⿴ĿԵģһƫƫҲͰˣҾĿģȻǷңȻﵽԼĿġ
ȻôԵģȴǳɹˡ
ֻ֣಻ţһ죬ҷһᳬԽЩ
վڸߴңʣл⣬ȴޱȵļᶨʮ㡣
š
ֻ̧ͷƽĿе˵ţЩ˻ƣûо˵ɵġ

ƷЦЦĺܲ񣬡ҷĵһԴ֮ڣ
仰û˸˵Ҳ룬ǣȴܹһ˵ⷬﵱУֻأŮľģ
֪ΪΣ֪εˣʱȴ˵ܹĵ

İ£ܿģƬΧ壬ǴӸ֪Դ֮ڳԴ֮Ϣ
ʱǶܵж
ʵģУԴ֮൱Դ
ԴսݽߵĽ׶ΣԴջ󣬸ûܵ
ԣ嶼ɳ˾񣬻ٸԴ
Ȼ봫еһ˱Դ֮ϳԴ
ԴԶһĻõǳ׵Ǹ


968 ڹ
Ѿ֤ʵȫǳƽԭȥǿԷ֮󣬶ɵһ¶һ
ʣģȫԴˣ
ģôܻʱϹ
Щư磬岻һ˳Լӹ׵һɫǱļΪѿ
죬ǿƨҲûõԴǱ˲٣ԱҲʧϰ٣ѾǼλջģ
ʱⲻҪûô
ǣҲûֱӶ֡
Щ˵УܵԼ֮ϵϢƣֻŸо
Ȼ˼Ҳб
ô֪ģ
һĨɵ㣬ǣûֵ룬Ѿվλ֮£׵һڳȫӭȥ˶ǾĿǰЩˡ
Դصأ˵һɲÿȻΪĵˣȥȻǳŭ𣡡
ĺǳ
壬ɲǿ壬෴ģƽʵ岻κһԣҲûҪӣ
ٺ٣
һ˳зЦŵˣ϶Ǳһ㼦ƤԼƣѣõֻҪԶ
ˣħ֮ˣΨһܹɱ˵壬ƾ˾ڲ׵У
ֵܣˣǲǵԴģ˵鷳Թæģ
Ȼô˵ţǣһ˫۾ȴǾâ˸˸ֱԴĶڣ˫΢ƺڷֱʲô
һõһ
ȻϢ©ˡ
벻ˣʱ䣬ôʹȥأ
ģܸоﲻԾǣȴֲ֪⾿
ǰɱԴޣֵܾͲٿˡ
һ߳һߴӰͬʯһϣͬףƺȴĻ
һԢŨõֱ
ûͿʼɱԴޣɱߣ
Ҳ߳һˣ˵һ䣬Ҳû˴ӦֱӴһͨ쳹صֱӹԴڣʱΧըѺ۲ҲԴ޵Ĳҽ
¡¡
ˣҲûţ֣ûаֵ˼ʱΧը첻ϣݣԴҲС
ⲻǵԴҪ˼ʲôݣҲʧ޹أԷĳ֡
ǵĿģԴ
ļһ
׵ݶҧˣ۾ŭȴҲأš
ǺףȻֻ˰ˣǣƾˣԼЩ˸Ѷ󾢡
ԣǱ̣ȻȴǵĽ
ʱΨ
û취Ϊ˺µΣԲһ㱨ҪõԴٽֹһȴû˿Ľչʱǻˡ
ڲԴǰ£ûɱԴ֮
ΪһԴǱԴҪصĶࡣ
ԭΪһʱѣ˭֪ȴǡ
ɴ
Ψˡ
ҲŽᣬֻҪʱԴһԻᷴˮǣȱߣȴ͵ʧȥԴʸ
ǣɸȻܽ𣬵ȴҲܹȥԴ
ʱƾ˶ڣʸǴ˼֡
ڼ䣬£һؽԴըֱ׷Դ֮ڣ˱ǿð̡
̫۸ˣ˼ҵµһ£ÿδɹԴش飬ǵͺݺݵĳ鴤ţзģҪǺÿ

֮ϣƼңңĹۿԶĶ̬ڷƵǣһֱһĨ޵Цݡ
ʧˣ
˵ֻҪǿɹȥöԴǵģǣȴΪС˷ɷǣһжӰ
ˣ
ƻһЯŮϢֻһͬ뿪ԭء
Ѿչ־أѾ޷ˡ
ˣǲģʱԴһֱûûпܳȥͷսȻǲͳɵô
ֱٴμʱ򣬷Ʋ֪¼ĽԴ֮ɱ忴Դı֮أʱǽɵĿ׵ϡ
һսʼǶѾԼʲôˣԹȴǽˣһʱ֮ڣĴ֮ڶǺ̫ƽر壬һӵ֮˵ƣЩɶǱͷϡ


969 
Դ֮ڣȱٵľԴȺԴĵطضԴȺǣԴȺĵطȴһԴ
ԴȺĵطһȥ
УԴޣǾԴʯȿɱԴޣֿ̽ѰԴ䣬ֶΪأ
ֻҪ̫ȺԴȺСΪնɱɾڴȺģǷƿһȷûԴ֮󣬱Ȼȥ
ЩǶս棬Ǹľ飬ڷƵľָ£Ůǵõ˺ܴǵʵҲԶһ棬ҲǵҵĻˡ
ѵûԴˣ
ʮ죬һһɱ˶ʮСһԴȺƹĸԴȺȴԴӰҲû÷üͷ΢΢
Ƿҵ𣬻ʥҽʥصǨƣҪԴʯҪõϣΨҵԴ
ЩطӦͱҹˡ
ͫ˸˸ɨܣȴǷһЩϡӡʱлȻ
ЩطأôôֵܻԼң۷ʯͫҲǳصġ
һ·ǰУܿģǳ˹Ͻĵ
Դ޵ãɽշ𣬷ۿȥԴڱţȥûа˼ɡ
ԴĽ֮һԴ󣡡
˵ͼָԼڵڵأΪЩŶԵЩ԰ףϹźˮ
Դ󣿡
ƴù˵ͼϸĿԴ
ԴԼԴ幫ϵĽ֮һƬ壬ʵߵͣҲû߳
ڼǰһǿ壬ΪѰԴ֮ǧˣƺƵĴԴ֮ڣǳϣʱǿ壬һ˴Դ˳ңŷˣţ˵оħһܹ¼ˣ
ȻܲǺȻģԴԴڳĴڡ
ʥף
ֿԼûУʥ׵ħ֣ҲӲ϶ɳ֮ǰɱ
ʥʲ̫ˣûһԸԼľӢӵܴΣյС
ҲΪε飬Ӵ֮ҲûĸڴԴ֮ڣ
ҲΪһֱû˽룬ʱ⣬Ҳﳹ׵ĳΪԴ޵ãĽء
Īܹɱһ壿
ŵͼԴƲɵĵһһĨȻ
ȻҲܲԸţǣǹϵĽأԾԲм١
δܳʥ׵£ܹһҲȷܹ˵϶вͬѰڡ
ʲôأ
ƺǺ棬һ˫֮ڣɨԴҪѰδ֪ħ֡

ģ洫һҵĽлЯ޺һЩҵ
ˣ
ƵĿ˳Դɨ˹ȥǼһŮһЩ˵Ļ£ٵĳԼ
壡
ڿЩ˵ĳ֮󣬷΢΢һС
Щ˶ǳĺΪ㣬ΨһŮӣǹɫ㣬ĲɷߵǸҲӢһͿһ˿覴ãЩҲӢ䲻
濴岢ûʲô𣬵ǣʹõȴǹ졭
ŭ
Ӣɫ£дʣһ̱Ǵ˳Χռ䣬һѸٵ۶˳ָֱײµ棡
۵ķʽĲһ۳Ǵģģ˿ռڵһھż֮ڣһַƴûǣǿȴǳͨļ֮
ǿ
ɫЩأͬʱĿ˵棬ʱͫ͵һǼʲô˼һ
һƶأĵطǶôӲضأǣ֮ȴֻĻָ˵Щı䣬ûʲô仯ˣ޴ӷֱʲô
๾࣡
ƬغǾ߱һҵţ֣ͻأ˳һķ𣬾һͷſһޱȵɲֱӽһ˵˲ɣѪˮ쭳䡣
䣡
Ӣ͵Ĵһһֱǻ棬ʱʯͷӽ˺ˮ֮һŢΧµ֮󣬾ȻֹأģһţٴγǼ˱ƽ


970 һ
˹죬ֱ˳ʶ֪ƺһйƬضѾˣ۽ը飬ԿٵٴȻƲʵߵֻͣҪɣǱɣ
ܣ
Ӣɫٴѿ࣬ûԥŮӵֱ۱ǳȥûٻͷ
Ƕ˽£޷ɱⷽأҲ޲ˣӣ벻κΰ취
ңܹӵҲѾˡ
ʲô
һۣƵעǴתƵǷ棬ͫۿ֣ƬأȻһ
һ
ңƬزһֻޣֻС۶ɵģԣǱըҲܿٵٴξۼһ𣬶ЩɵĻǱɵͷҲûʣ£
һУЩǱû˶ѣǣͫע£ȴȻͬ
ֳӵǿȳ˷ƵڻǸӢӵĺ£ȻܹɱңǵҲ̫ˣƺϾûǲܿɵĶЩķǵֱ֮Ӿͱ˹ȥ
ӵ츳ķƣĳҲɵЩ
ǱӿĳӸˣֻҲЩõȥ
·һ
˵ǰƶƬԴûһ徫ɵĻڣڼЩĳ֮Ҳûа㻳ɣ
Ƕ˵ֻ̲һľ񣬾Դ綼ܹɸɾûʲôԵֵ
ڽо
Ҳ洫ĺʱĿ⳯ǸȥԶԶģǼһԿεŮһҲɣѪˮһβʣ
ǲ壬ҪǣϽߣ
ɫһ䣬ŮҪȥ
ųӿɲǺǵģҲûܹԿʱпܻὫԼһݽȥ
ǰֵܵȵȣֻҪܾǣҵԸ⸶һöԴʯΪл
ӢҲ˷ˣе˾ջ
һöԴʯһ֣ûܹܵˣǷƣҲһ
ԴʯôͿԽʥҽʥظǨƵɽˣ
Ǽ˺ԣ
ߵŮһ䣬ͣ˽Ų
Ƹ磬ҪСİ
˵һ䣬ǣֳԶȥ
ףҲŹأǴеħ֣ûһ徫ħ֣
Ƕϣ·һǷȴͬӵпռ츳ǶԸˣûκġ
ԣЩǿҲƿռ䡣
лλֵܣֻҪöѣһöԴʯԷϣ
ƾȻͣӢһ㶣ǴĽе
ʵĳŵ
Ļһ䣬ûжٵС
壬ûʲôøУΪһԴʯԲ֡
꣡
˫֣ʮָ΢΢ſһ˫ͫױһƬɫĵ⣬˫֮ϣ绡˸ľ۶ࡣ
ԸЩӵĵƣ
췣
ⲻͨ׵־۳ɵ
־гͷһԾ壬ɻһУԷΪ䣬췣ʱҲûжƿԡ
ɷһе츳췣ʱҲһᱻӣλֵܾܷľǣ
ھƵʱӢӳϿҵ˵һ䣬ǸŮӿٵĳ˷ȥ
ᣡ
ؾϯʱ򣬷˫һ췣۶ɵĴдȥ
󣡡
ĻϢӣʱĪĳ۶ɵرҳһ㣬ǼһæɢȥӴܣһ壬ǼϸĽͷƤ飬񷢲
ôܣ
Щֵ뵱еǸӢ͵ĻͷǿҲɱ˵أʱȴбѣĶ֮žãӦòǼ򵥵󣬶Ӧĳδ֪ңпܲһֻӦһȺ
ǣ벻ͨǣΪЩֵİе׵أ
δ̶ܳȣƺԼ۵ģ
վԵǸɫŮҲޱȲĿŷơ
Ϊ֮һߵĹȻô׾ٱˣ
õЩԼ۾


971 
꣡
ɫĵ绡ȥͨ׵ûʲôܵĳ̶ȣҲܱȼ֮ѣǣɢϢȴĻţ֪ΪΣҪԶƺĵ׶һη֮ġ
ָоӢǹɫŮΪ֮ȻģƺףΪЩصΪλ᳷ˣ
ΪϢ
ѵֵﾹȻ
ǰĻõԶֻҲΪ֮һ
ֿԺСΪ⴦ԴҲûܹ̽Դڵħ֣ôԴˡ
ǣԣʲôأ
ֹǣҲһ㶡
Ȼ췣ͬѰκ߸˶ܹлԵĴȴû뵽Щĳȴ˵η壬ս䣡
׷ȥ
ǳͬһĳȺһͷ
ЩӾ˵ĻңǳһǾ˵Ǹǵѣ
ӴĳȺûпǵԣ
ԣôһֻƿԼУô˵Լƿⷽأ
ƼȷԴһСԴܹƿԴô
ӵпռ츳ܹʱ£ȥðգ
ҪԴĺģȥûֹӵͷף
УǾ취֮ƣûУҲȫ˵İա
ңȥȥ
仰Ʊǿٵ׷ȥһ㵵վԭء
˻ã֪ܹȫˣǶԿεŮȴǱ𺳵˵
ҲΪ̽գ˽һԴ֮ڴڵĪħ֣ܺõľˣһƬ󡭡һǶѣõԼֻһ·ϣļʮȫǷƳֻҲ⣬Ϊʳ
ô
ͷȴܿͱˡ
ΪħηӵеȻη壬Ǿ˵ܹ˺ĵ
ѵȻҪȥɱͷħֲɣ
Ӣ͵һһĨȻ
ģĪħ־ΪǿһйߣֱԴ֮ھͳ޵еĴڣ
رڶ˽֮ɻܸЩ˺һ̣ɣ徫һͬǿһҲҲ޷ɱ
ǰǸ徫ȫ𲻾Ѿ֤ʵô
ɽлλ֡
ӢӴŮԣĹֵл
˵䣬ǴݣһͲǼ򵥵
壿
һڶһĨȻ
ԭΪ塯֣
ͷȻǣȴʲôѰһ¶м
ĿУ壬һƾȡʤ壡
壬ͬ˲֪˲ԭΪǵǿ
ô壬صĳˣٷ֮ʮܹɷʥʥף
ٷ֮ʮĻʰǺεȵĿ£
壬ǧ˿вܳһʥ˶ѣң⻹Ǻɽ磬½ּҪ㡣
壬ƽʵʵ嵱жǰʮĴڣ
Ӧÿʵǵŵ˰ɣ
Ķ˵š
Ȼǿ󣬵ǣƾԼˣѹˡ
壬û˻кøС

һ仰µɽ˵΢΢鴤ڨڨ˵ϲûдöԴʯλɷݼ죬һȥԴʯ͸λȥ
˵ʵڵģΪ˽סƵ˲ſԴʯҪջǻһǹħֵٶȣԼѣ˭֪ƾȻܹһپǹħ֡
ǱסˣǣȴҲûа취óһöԴʯ
ɲһСĿ˵ݣҪôһʾԴʯҲҪٵʱС
εȷçײˣ
ҲãҪ˵ʶʶǴ˵ܹһδ֪ħֳʲôӣסһǴ˼ʮƬصĽء
һ԰׵ã̾һ
Ҳǲеˣ
ߣ
һǵĵȻûУΪοڳԣ
öԴʯҲǲܵ飬ģȴҲãǰ˿óһöԴʯ
ԭΪἰĿʱ򣬺⣬ûѰ˵ǷӣƺöԴʯ˵ֿɵһ


972 
仰һڣ˫ձЩˣֻص۾΢΢ɽˣʱԷһ
ʵտʼʱҵȷҪԾԴʯλע⣬û̫࡭
ɽǴһĨЦʵ˵š
Ȼǰ⼸ʲôˣǣܹо⼸˶ǲ
ʵڲ˵ﰡ
رǻһ֪ǳǶԹߵħҲηӣǵˣԼܲߵһˡ
֮ûɽ֤Իһ֮ڽһöԴʯ͵λУ
ɫһ࣬ǳϿҵ˵
仰õɫЩת
ֽ׶ƿһ͵ԴΪɽнϸߵĵλĻȡһԴʯҲǲܵ顣
ڵҲû취ɱҲ£ֻѡˡ
ҵơ
֣ɽȡһöëһʯԥ׸˵ƣλˣԺʲô£ƾңֻҪõϵĵطҶѡ
Ŷ
صʯУʯı˲䣬Ǿͷһ壬ƣȴȥ
һ챦
һɽָ߿һ֡
ƣҲԽأƾһ㣬֤ݵĲˡ
ǣ죬ҲûпܿԴУ˵ƾˡ
ο˲ˣɽ˵ģôɾ൱Ӯ꣬ɲһöԴʯܹģ
ʱֻأҲɵΪ֮ˡ
ӹɣǷƹ꣬ƾ㣬ĵλͲڸ󳬷ƶˣ
˵±˳ȥԻᱻ
Ϊʲô
ڣǲ͵ô
ˣǻ˭
ƾݣҪʲôֻҪս󳬷ĵߣǶ
ҪӭȢ˫ӣݣ칬֮ˣռңǵЩأҲӵˡ
ͬԼ˵ôԼѩ飬ҲܹܺõĽˣ
һ뵽ƽĺ͵һ
л
ҲǿǵЩ죬Ķ˵һ䡣
񣬿ɲüֵܹģ
Ǻǣλˡ
ǵķӦɽ˿
ȷҲƣţԼӣԺĳɾͣҲԲԼ
˽ãԿ
ʼλĸģʱԴʯ룬Һý˸͹ȥ
һĨâǿʵ
⡭
ЩԥˣһʱڣҲò⣬Ŀ⿴ȴǿҲڿԼ
λģҾǳཻ
ԥɽٴγϿҵ˵
ǵȺƸ˵ɡ
ŮǶ˵
Ҳá
ɽ˵ͷǸɫŮվһԣһûһţĿȴһֱڷȥķ
ĺ֪ƽԴ󾿾Ǹȥˣ
һƬŵУ˵ĿⶼǽŵĿڴǵӰĹ
ϾԴɲǴģȷǴ޷ħڣ

ৣৣ
ЩӣƵκ֣Դдţ;Ȼ˲ٵԴޣǣȴһһһЩ䵥ԴޣǱִ
ֳӣǴģѵԴһԴģ
ЩӵǿõķЩɡ
ʵԴҲǼΪǿֻ֣Ҫӵ˾ʵЩᲢ۵ĻֻҲȺӣֲĳ̶Ȼӡ
ΪЩԵĽأҲǼԴڵأ;ۼ˲ԴޣңвٵԴ֮ƣһ룬ǱͻԴ޷عǰ㾪춯صĳ棬ûκܹ⣬һ֮£ɻҡ
ʲô
ĺԶȴͣ½ŲĿԶ
һƬ಻ϣ˳һأƺһΪ鶯
󣡡
ЩƬ֮󣬾ˮλعֱӾ뵽УΪһ塣
๾࣡
һ֮мλãͻأһҴܣţƬرǷ˷츲صı仯
ƬأȻվ
ûվˣңģ۳һͷ޴Դģ


973 ץĸ
ӴԴޣȻ״ͬԴޣǣϸȥȴкܶĲͬ
ȣΪʵ̫Ӵˣ
һСɽһСԴޣվԶķһȣ𣬺ۡ
ߣɫɢҲһ
Դ޵ϣܹӦԴʯ̲صһĲǣͷϣȴûһ˿Ĳ
һͷɲֻĪĳ۶ɵľޣ
ȷ磬ǴŹƣһݣ̲סЩͷƤ顣
ԼıûĻǾͷӶʣ¡
㣬ʡ
֮ǰͶЩӵŪһЩ
ǹǼΪǿ
Լӵ췣˵׷ˣһЩƾϵּ֮Ҳ޿κΣֻҪķݡ
ͫһ˫ħͫĿ⣬ԴɨţҪҳһж
ʱԿ϶ЩӾһڿǵжȻǵж˵
ҵˣ
켶۷ͫ£ܿģǷвͬĴڡ
ͷԴ޵ؿλá
һ棡
һĸ棡
ģΪ״һ˫۾ڿŷƣӨĹâȻǻ۲͡
ңβˣƿһֻֻСӲϵܵٶȼ졣
ʱȴңЩηĿŷƣرǵһ˸ĵ绡ӸЩƺҪԶ롣
꣡
һƵαǻ׵˸ĵ绡ŷһ׻ޱ飬һ֮һ㣬ƺ嫣һС
󣡡
ĸܵв쳤ɲС۳ƱϯܣƺҪƾ߷ơ
ǣ
һĨаȵĻȣӻһѽС˳˵ҪôңҪô
ѽ
СҲȤĿͷԴޣôһ˵Щˡ
ԼǷ˲ɣ
ôԼҲáѵó
ѽѽ
ڷƵв£ٴˣЩŭĳͷԴ޽ţвζŨ
󣡡
ʱͷԴ޺ܵʲô̼һ͵ıڣϢľϯ
ŭˣİȻҪǾԲܵ飬ϣ޵еģ
ߣ
һɫһ˵ѵǲˡ
¡¡
췣ĴԪӿɫ׹һɻһеϢؼԾ壬޲ҽУ治ؼž
ȭ
ֱӳ嵽ͷԴǰȭͷֱӳĸڵλȥ
󣡡
Դٴδ𣬿³һںڵ壬ŷȥ
һųӣ޿ɼ㣬ճֻ·һ
ǣ
һ䣬һͣţ˲ʧԭأٴγֵʱȴѾͷԴ޵Ĳ棬ǵ绡ֱۣȭΪצֱӳĸץȥ
ĿģɱЩӣҪƿǣ
Ժ˵ֻҪƿЩĳӣԴ֮ڣһ˾Ϳɳưԣ֮Ǿǽأ
Ժ󣬷ҿƾȺԴ㣬˸ۣ
Ȼѿ϶ҪȻŭҲܲҲܲ
󣡡
ĸǿ£ЩӻǳŷƵֱǣĵ绡˸ֻҪϵģԼֱӱ
ԣЩӲûиɶ鷳Ƶ绡ֱ۴͸ԴڣʮָſһͷĸɼıС
ৣ
ûаԥֱռ֮ڣЩĳӡ
ĸ浽֣Ǿ͵ͬЩˣ᲻üʧȥ
󣡡
ܲĸϢȻЩӱͬû˴ԣ޴Դ޺ȻеĳӻҵĴܣ޴ԣķɢȥ
ʱĳǣûйΪǸĹǺܸߣ֮ǿᣬȫǿ壬ѳġ

ռڣĸ¶ηɫرǰɢϢ
ǻۣҲѾףԼ˵һ֮䡣

ֻҪǻ۵Ͳѡ·ȻΪΣΪ˻ܹõ

ƻŻϢûа飬ƺֻҪͻʹɱ֣顣
󣡡
С˵֮ĸڻǴͷɥӦһ


974 շĸ
ĸƵɫǻоϲá
ƿĸ棬ƬԴѾƿ֮УҲ˵Ѿ൱ӵһԴһһСԴ
Ѿϵڱˣһɽֱҵͷκġ
ΣɻǶ췣ȻЩҲ޲ߡ
ĸҲԩԴԣ˵ֻҪԴʯܹĳӣԽ֮ɣӶ˹
ǣһȴƫƫƿһܹԼ˻ֻл𣬴ص־ǰ棬Եôûеֿ
ܹлԵĴ
η塣
Ϊ˻ţΨ
ôƿ
ûзɾ裬һ绡ͷŴðͷСʵ
ѽ
С˳ϴŲЦݣӨӨ֮ǰ㳯Ŵη֮ɫĸץȥ
ĸҪܣȴƿƣҲ㲻Сǰ㿿
ƺܺ£Ҳ֪Ҫʲô顣
ĸǰСɫһգЩ࣬ǰӨʢֱӰĸͷ
󣡡
ĸǻҵţзĽƺʹ֣꾫ڱһǲϵı仯״ЩӶǱ췣ֱӴ
ȻЩӺܱ󣬵ǣҲϣʱ¡
ֿСǰǣһӨӲӵǣĸʹҴܣڴһ㡣
ѽ
ӨӲӵгһϸСԲʱСǶŷƽһ
Ѫ
ƺס
ѽ
С˵ͷƱǱƳһξѪֱӵǸϸСԲ֮ϣңξѪ׵ȥ֮Сɿǰ㣬ӨӨ˸˸ع鵽ĸڡ
ʱĸήȥԵЩʺһûһµĲţһ˫۾ڣǾȻ
Ҳû뵽ֻС޾Ȼڵް֮ģֻȻȴĽֻ
ƵξѪܹӦ뷨ҪǣܹξѪը
ʱһ٣ĸ޿ܴ
Ĳ
ܵĸ뷨Ƶ¶һĨĻȣѵõĶСһ䣬ʱõǼһβ͸߸ƺʲô˲õһ
ⲢûƵ֮⣬ԣ֮ƿߣĸϡ
ˡ
һΪ۵ڷƵԺ𣬴ŵľֺ֮⡣
ȳȥ
ƲûжʣֱӴĸռ䡣
ûĸ棬ЩӾԻɢ䣬Ϊ˲ʧЩӣǾͱץʱ䡣
󣡡
֮ĸڷƵָ£зһصϸԶʱԭһֱûͷĴҴܵĳӶͬ˼һɽƬҰģȫǼ˹ͣڷΧһƬأ䶯š
ԭӦǶĵģǣڿڷȴôĿɰ
ЩԴĸ˸޷㡣
ЩӵǿᣬӹɣȻҲΪذĴˡ
ȷԭǴͬģôһԴ֮µԴĸʲ
ǣˣϸûܹԴʯҿûжǿˣԴһͷԴҲᱻɱ˵粽ƣӵе֮ˣҲܹԿһͷԴ޶ѣʲôأ
ңҪǣôĿһҶһԴ
Դκβǣأ
ʮ۹Ҳܹ׽ҸˣȥЩ
Ǿջûˣûܹܵˡ
ЩǷƱҪǵ顣
ԷҴʱʵ̲һԴԣһֻϹǲŻġ
ֻҪôô
ǰһƬŵأһĨаȵĻȣֻҪʵþǡ
⽫ĽңȺԴļֵǲɺģԶԶĳһԴļֵ
ţ˶ףΪֻҪӵȺӣûˣûκҴ⣬ңԴ֮ϣҲûĹȺӣ
˵ԴڣȺܹԣҲֹһԴԺֻҪȺҪʲôԴûУ


975 ޼ۿ
޼۵Ŀ
ĸ˵Լ֮󣬷оǿϲ
ȷԴ֮ڣûܹȺӣԭ򣬾ΪȺӵеһ
ǿһԴʯת
ʣʲô˺ĵǣ
Ե
޾ĸп
ΪҪʥҽʥƹʥͲȥ䣬ҲͲȥʥҽʥأ꽨ľ磬ѭ֮Ͳӵ췣û췣ûڵľ档
ȥԴ
ѹмֱӶĸ˵
ʵǲ˵ǵξѪܹ֮ĸ湵ͨ
󣡡
ĸյбǷһֵĽһĪɣΧƬӶʱһǵǳˮһĳԶӿȥ
ȻĸʹթΪÿһͷƶܹĸоûԥֱӸȥһ·ϣԴޣǼȺ֮ÿּһȺԴޣҲǻæÿ
վڳȺмķƣȴ壬׷ƺΪηȺӣǺпֱܻӳ˺顣
ǣڷҲֻͬһԴʯѣֻҪ˷ʱ䣬ȷ֮ȥǵġ
û߶ãһɽ֮ǰ
ɽһڵ棬ޱȵİ磬дƣվλãǰ棡
໣
֮£ۼǧͷԴޣǼķ֮󣬶ǲƵĵͺۣΧռŽŵգ첻ϡ
󣡡
ĸȴǲˣˣЩԴܹðģⲻǲô
ӣſͣĽʱΧĳȺǿʼǳˮһ㣬ӿȥ
໣
ΧԴǴ㵣ڿʮͷԴޱȺûͷûʣ֮󣬷׷׶Ǿֵĳȥ
ԴİôܲϤأ
ͻȻ쭣еԴ޶ûĳȥǧõĴҲɵһζ
ˡ
Խ׷ԽԶƲǿڶĸ˵һĸٻ£ЩȺǷ˹Χڷܡ
ȺԴ֮ܿڷƵǰǳһĶڣͬſͣ޵ףһɭȻĸоȥͻᱻûһ
ȻԴ
ڳȺĴ£߽˽ȥͫĿɨһֱ룬ֱĺλãͣ
飡
һֻƣצΣֱӳߵĶȥ̽һץץһӨӨ˸˸
ȻԴ
еԴʯд󶨡
Դ治ʶ𣬾켶۷ͫվԴ֮ǰҲ޷Ŀ͸ԴʯȽϿ⣬޷ٷ֮׼ȷȷһԴ
ûȥˡ
öԴʯɨ˼ۣǳȥ

ĺԶƱĸȥػԴֻƬӦԼԺ󷽱ȥ
ŷƺ洺Ĵ˳Ů¶ĵЦݣɽЩ𾪵Ŀ
ղŴԴĲλĺǧԴޱܲģ
ŭǧͷԴޣҲûĿܣǣǰϾˣȴܹȻվǰ
ֱЩԼ۾
ô쵽ģ
ģֻһ΢һƺûзͽǧͷԴޣ
˻
ɽһһĨ
һ֮ԿǧͷԴޣǾֲ̫ˣֱһĵز֮ˣǳɳ
ܵģôܻˣ
ҡͷԼ
ǧͷԴ޺֮ܵ㵲סҲԲ⸱ģԣ϶м϶Ƿ֪顣
淢ʲô£ͷħ־Ǳ˻ˣЩԴ޵ıûйϵ
Щɽ
ҲޱȺĿǰӡ
ǰĿУԼĸܵģͬˣûԼĶ֣һνţԼĸ£ǣȴǱǹѵˣ޲ߣһ̣ɽ㶵ʱѾûˡ
ǣǵ޵еĸҲû취Ĺħ֣ȴֱӱӸˣõܹܣ
ѵ˱Լ绹ǿ


976 ཻ
Ƹ磡
ǻϲӭȥȻһһҷֱסһֱֻۡ
ղŴԴڷĶŻˣ֪ӵпռ츳ܹǶ᲻һеĳȥˡ
Ǻǡ
Ҳ˼ɣֱӽŮӵڻУ£к㣬һĨ۵ĸо
Ůвȱٵİ£һʼѾǵԼˣֻΪڵ䣬Բһֱûг׶ѡ
ڣʱҲˣ
ڸâʥ죬ԼЩ֪׵죡
ҪӭȢЩİŮӣһĻ
Ƹ񡭡
ҲˣԴʱƿ֮ڣô֣˵㰡ûܹߡ
ʱֻҪһ޷ܵƸҲԲ˵ʲô
Ҫ֪ƿصģɲһԴԴİڣϸˮпֺܿô
칬ռң
һĨâ
ռѾӴˣհ죬ʵѾĬˣֻҪԼŪһ󶯾ֻҪ΢֣ӭȢӦû⡣
칬ⲻռҵĳȴûнӴҲиͻƿڡ
ֻ֪Ǿһʲô֪Ӻ֣
СڣţӻߣӦҲûʲô⡣
һУʹԼ죡
칬
˲Զֻأټһ
ⲻɵ⽫ԴָˣǣǸЩͷôǿܲ
ʵҲһ˫õƣ
ôͲˣ󳬷򣬲£
̣ʹˡ
ʱķҲҪôԴʯˣֻ£һԺǿǻ˵仰£
ϾĸƿԼУ
һǽĿɽϣĽ£Ҳ˽⵽˵ݣڿö֮ɫǻ˲١
Ӯ꣬һöԴʯҲǿпޣûжĹϵ
Ҳ޼۵ģ
ƾһĹϵ˵ȨҲ͸ˡ
һöԴʯѾƿһ޴Դķ˵ѾôҪˡ
壬ƣ
ǰһЦǴݵĶɽ˵
ĿУûвĸ壡
ȻƽʵҪڸ壬ǣ棬Բκһ壬ȻҲһֱ۷壬ܹӵкɽ½ӴĿռˡ
壿
ԣɽһ㶡
Ͼȷǲô
壬ɽã
ɽܿǷӦ˹Ҳͬǿ˵ţûΪ˵壬̬Ⱦı䡣
ΪݣҲӴΪ˲֪飬رǹųΪܹ۷ԭ򡭡
ˣ
ǰûмллɣڣȴǸһˣ
ôǰܹǹħη壬ѾԼ
Ǻǡ
ЦһķӦ⣬֤ҪãҲûߵͶƫ
һ򵥵ˣ
ԣʵԶˡ
ԸԴõĽʣӵ츳ҪҲǲܵ顣
ܹ˽ãҲһ¡
ζлֵȻ
ɽٴι˹֣뵽ǹħ֣Щ¡
ԼǶԼʵ̫ˣûԼ첻£ûԼɱ˶ԣŴӦԼԴʶδ֪ħ֡
ǺǣֿˣǾ֮Ͷѡ
һ뵽ѾԼƵĸ棬ЦݸŨ˵ţȴõɽһ鴤
ʲô֮ͣ
ⲻô
룬ҲȷҲ;ֶѡ
ô˵ҺõǷֵܾȻģǷֵܲĻΣ
ɽֿ˵
ѵãѾ𣿡
ƴЦƣ˽ֲɿʱձǢɽҲǺˬ֮ˣ࣬˫˵Ҳ
ǸŹֵˡ
վɽߵĿŮɨٿԼ̸ķƣеૡ
ڣԼΪֵܵˣǿһֻ־Ĺңǲͬ죬ڣһȴǳΪ˸ֵܡ
Ǻ֣Ϊ˾Ͼأ


977 
̸ãɽɱʾҪһöԴʯ͵ƣڷƵһپܾ֮£ɽǰ
֣Ҫֵ벻֮ذ֮ӿȪ౨ο⻹׿ŵģƴǣⲻֵҳ𣿡
һõķƸ޷ҲֻܴӦ
֡
ԥƲ˵֪ûȤʽף
ף
ɽɻĿΪô˵
ʵںܶ෽棬ֻҪкô飬һЩԹ廹ЩһЩ׵ġ
Դ桭
ǴһĨЦ⣬˵ţֲýţҲ˵干ͬһԴǣԺֻҪҶԴְָɣΪΣ
ʲô
ɽƺûһЩ㵵Ŀ
һԴİɣһˣҲֱֵܷ͸Լ壬ֱǲܵ顣
ңܹ壿
ƣ֣ȴǴδŹ
ѵ尵ģ
ͷһĨȻ
ֿԻǺܴģҲᰵ츳֮ˡ
ֵ˼ǣԺõԴķָɣ
Ϊȷٴһ顣
ϾϵԴϵ棬ҲܵģңкܶҲܹ˵ġ
٣ûȨԴָ壡
ǡ
ҡҡͷ͵Ҹ˵Դְָɣ
˵ֹɽô㵵Ŀֻ˶ǲĿ⻰ʲô˼
Դ
仰û˸˵Ҳǲܵ飬츳ٹˣҲԲһ˶һԴ
ô˵ѵ˵ܹƾһ֮һԴɣ
Ƿܹǹħ֣ɽΪһڰ˵λˡ
ˣǱŻɵ
Щһ
ΪӵȺ֮ȥռԴҲûκܹĹҪԴѾûжѶˣǣΪԼֿЩ϶ŪЩСϴѹʲôġ
ǣϹôڣɾûжˣ
ʵ˵ˣֻǽԼĴ󴬶ѡ
Ȼڣص壬˵Ȩڷʱû˵ͬ
ɣԻֵ

ɽЦһ˵˺˵Ķ˵ҪǾǼٻ˵ɣ־Ҫɽô
ãӲ޹˵ջҲܹһ˶һԴҲ˵
ֹȻˬ죡
ӦҲǴϲ˵ʵҲúܷ£ֻҪɸʹǰǩЭ飬Ȼ󹫸¼ɡʱ򣬾Իаɵ棬͸֡
Ŷ
⻰ɽһ
ƺҲףƶѡ
ãû⣡
ûж룬ֱһڱʹӦ
£ܵ˵ǻһʵҲǳ棬ѡ
ţܹõʾ޶ĻڵҲᷴԡ
ʽף˵Ĺϵ࣬ӷƵⷬУڳˣܹĳҰģۺҰġ
жҰľж
ʵҲ֤ˣʵ
ǻһˣɽԼҲ˵ԼԴ
ΪƾʵҪȡһԴǾԲܵģһԼͷôԴͲ˵˵ģˡ
ʱͶһºΣʱܹһԴʯ
ɽ
ôˡ
һļϣֱӾͽĽ׸ңˡ
ɽƽûôһˣǣְ
һ̸֮ɽǸп
ֹˡ
ҡҡͷ
ʵһ䡣
ҿûй
ɽֱӾ͵ǫˣЩЦĿʵҵԴ湻ģǰԾһҲô˵˵֣ԴԴеɣ
ǣ
һƣ˵ֱ£˵ͷǴһĨЦ⣬˵ͱ¶ˡ
һ仰õɽֱʯĿɿڴ˵Ҳǲ֮࣬ܲˡ
ԴԴĽأһľȥȫѾ˵ͷħֵĿ£ңľǣѾô꣬Ϊֹȴûκ֪ħ־ʲôӡ


978 ɽ
Ǻǣֿǲţ
ǵķӦǵЦŨˣʱĻǾֵܴȥΣ
⡭
ɽֱӻǷӦĨصЦ֮͵һ
˸ղԴ޵ıҡ
ҲЩԴ޵ıҾͺǰһﳶĹϵҲһϾֻһ˽ȥңƺܹһĹħ֡
ѵ
뵽һֿԣţ͵ҡͷǲԸԺǸ뷨ģǾ̫ˡ
˵ʱֻˣȴѾ˵Ļˡ
ⲻڿЦҲûбҪЦ
๾࣡
ǻ˼ʱһЩŹȴЩϤǶ𣬶ʱһǺëȥȥȻһƬϤľ󡭡
һƬζأҲԴڵĹħ֣
ã
ɽǷԵģԼñǵ˼ǧףкֿˣȻˣ
ȻЩѾ˼ĥӡ
š
ŮҪŷ뿪ȴ΢ЦŶǰοš
˱ǿ˲˼һĻ
أ˷ǰ֮󣬾Ȼͣ΢΢䶯ţƺڵȴһ
ôܣ
˶ĿɿڴĿ࣬رɽã޷ʵ
ʲô£ѵ˵Ѿշħֲɣ
ǰĻȷʵȻҲ޷
˻
ɽٴεһڵѹֲסֱ¶˳
Ȼ֤ʵһĲ룡
ƺҲֻ˵ģղŵĶҲеĽ͡
ʵģҪԴڵԴͱ㣬һǹħ֣ڶɱԴޣ
ǣܹƿǹħֵ£Ѿܹܹˡ
ʱֻҲ޷
оԴԼʶһһֱڵ߸Լ֪ԼΪ顣
ܹħ֣ĳѾĺܴ񾭣˿̣׵ı¶ʧ̬ɫ
ɽֻأжǼΪħֵֵ
Դ֮ڣ޷ģ
ʱԴʱֻҪħֿȥĻĵ
ɽʱ׵׷ΪҪ֮ǰǸˡ
û˵Դƾˣܹ׵ĻԴ
뵽⣬Ͳסţֱ޷Լе뷨
ȻûôףǣʱҲƺˣʱС΢΢ſڣǹɫϹŵľǾ㵡
ֻֻԺ
ԼĺƸԶģ
߰ɣһȥι۲ιۣ
΢΢𣬶Զɽ˵

ɽ˿ǿƵѹе𺳣ɫһĨЦ˹˵ˣţԴѾǷֵˡ
˵ǰǧԴ޵ı϶ָʹħڽϡ
ʱȥȥʵѾҪˣҪǣˣԼύһ˲õ
ȥ˶õʱ䣿ȻͽԴԴڽ޵еĴڸշˣ
ԺԴ磬ˣڵĵطǾǽ
룬Ǿ͸ȥˣ
ʢ񰡣
ԼһöԴʯôһȣԵЩۣ֮£ԼȴƺԵСˡ
ǣаʱҪſˡ
ͱǩԼϣţԼûܹӡ
ǽ̸һɽΪ˻ѰԼˣǴҴȥˡ
Ƹð
ŷƵֱۣһ˫Ĵ۾гĽš
ҵҲܰġ
ǽο˵ģ÷ͲסеĻȣһ˹ֱһ
֮ɽǰ¶ŵƣʵҲΪɽ˵Լ
ৣ
һֿʼˣֻض˵ֱӳԶȥ
ԣҲԳ˵磬ǳ֮Ϊ󼪡
Ǻǣ
ȴǲ⣬ǲɢȺ֮һ߶Ů˵黰һ߳ȥ
Ҫϵ칬ռң칬ҳУң̸
¼ûа׳ԵͣʷֳɣҲŮĴлƸѡ
ȫ·ƹЩԴȺ֮󣬲һʱ䣬ǱǻصĳУǣ߲ãǱ˵ĿеõһõϢ


979 
ˣ£йأ
ϴΣƸ֪죬Դ֮Դ֮ϢɢȥǺܳɹԴҲٵĲ࣬ǣԴֵ֮ʱ˱ǳסԴһȫ˳ȥ
ԴȻûУǿӵһһж֤ԴѾǰȡˣԴ֮ϳ˵õһöԴʯûҵνԴ
ʱ˶ˣĴ壬ȻǻȡˣǴʩѹʱɵһǿȴǴپˡ
ʵģĴ˱ˣ˵ǱΧԴ֮ڣǵǻԴûˣˣҲֹۣĴ巢ͨ棬뽻ʮԴʯ𣬲Ȼǳ
һϢƶʱ;ˡ
СԴЩ˵ջˣǵȵԴ֮ɱȵԴֵʱٳ֣շ˵£ⶼʲô£ôһ֣ȱˣܲ
ȥһԴˡ
ƿЦҡҡͷ
˵̫ˡ
Ƿ֮ǰûжԸɵģοʱԴɲֻһˣűɸΪǿˣڶ徫ȥˣҲ޼£ὫԼݽȥȴͬˡ
ĸڣƽ嶼ʲô⣬˻׾ٵ顣
ٺ٣
΢΢һ䣬Ե˵ڳеңȥȥ
壬ûаøУǿܣԻȡԵĴ

Ůǹɵĵ˵ͷ
֪ƿԴĹħ֮ǷǳţԴ֮ڣû顣
ȥӪȣһ˾͹ˣԼǰȥ׸ѡ

ԴʱǼΪţ˶ǻǶԷԴǲð벽
Ϊʮ֮һȻѹŴֻܼԴ֮ڣԴΪв޷֡
˫ʹ˽ǣ˿ⱻϡõԴôʵڶ
ң׵˸Դǲޡ
ǿԴǸ˭ȥˣ
ٽԴȻƴĻԴҲҪǣ
פԴĵ֣ɣڰգɭȻвζŨ
ԽԽЩǷķнĴͷˡ
֮䣬Ϊ˭սЩȫɱĴҲʹһķս
ľ֮칬ޱȵҪĳɱˣ칬ȻޣǣȴҲܴ忪ս
ʱֹģɱԴγ£ЩĴУҲСС֣޹ʹ
ݼ⣬ܹϵһ˥ˣȻ޿ܷ͵ս¡
Ѫˣ
ԴڵĸҲð̡
ǿԩңǿ彫Դȡ˲Ŷԣǵǲץ
̫ˣǰԷģԺҪÿ
һ壬ΧǵʵӳΧʲô£ǣ岻ͬǵ˵ľܹй£һܴǿɾֻ·һˡ
ԣֻѡ񱻶أϣԼܹǲԴʯɣȻӿɾʹˣпܻڴˡ
УƵĻ졣
û뵽ЩһﾹȻԴ󣬲ԭƻ£ºˣԴû̵Լ˻־أ͵ʴף
ʮԴʯ̸ף
ʱ˶Ǵ㣬ʱԴȻڸƾˡ
壬ҲûǸʵ¡
úãѪˡ
ɵǿ߶Ǳֱ
ԴûõҲˣʱԴҲ˺ܶ࣬λȥ
Һ䣬ǻԴҲҪһʣȫɱ
ɵȼĸ߲зŭһֱ֮ңͷʼ˹ĵȻը
ʱһսĻ˫ƴը첻ϣ춯ҡŰѪ֫ڣǲҡ
սӣ
𣬻ϫһһǿһͬסз䡣
ȫ£
һнһĸֻɱǳ׷ɱ˹ȵѹסǿɫҰס
򣡡
һ׹Ӱվ˳ʮָſΧɫƹһͬ£У۳һס
ͷ֮ˣī


980 ī
˵īǸ򵥵Դڣԣʵ˵ǵһҲûܹ
īռһһˣ
Ȼǰϵģңʵȷʱ࿹û·磬ƾУ
ǣˣԣҲ֮ذΧ֮С

īм꣬ȴҲûа취̫ѲˣԼ٣ȻīĻǣʱȴǲС
ֻˡ
սе徫ī̾һһĨȻ
Ҳûа취飬ȥǿûаôʱȫ
ԣ볷ˣ

һ׵ǳΧ˵ͷȥӳʱ䣬ţһбɣȫԶȥҲûսٹ˼һ䡣
΢徹ȻҲȫ°ɣ׽Ρ
ɴŭܲһеϵǵص˳ȥٶȼ죬ī俪һȱ˳ȥ֮⣬ȫڡ
̣ٴαΧסһʱڣ˾
ģ
ʮ˱ɱҲڿĵīһͣסΡ
˵ȫ
ǳªϾЦī۽лǵ⡣
ߣ
īһ۾΢΢ҧгݵ˵壬ǺĻȻԴ֮Ϊն徫ϹӶдսԣ
ƨ
˵ãһ֮£ɶʱȻŭϹŵһһ󶶶ҲȵȻǶԸϣҾֻܽȫɱȻԼˣ
ȻƲߵȷûǣԴҲûеõĻԴ뵽Ĵһϡ

ܲһͷһһ۶ɱˮ׻ֵȭͷֱӾͳīȥ
˷ף
ī˫һƬ׹⣬˵绡ӡΧƷ˵۶ɣĿ£ǵصĻϢȺųȥõòתΪأֻܱ
Եǿ̫£ԵãǸʵˣһ˲ͿҪ
˷ףռԵƴľѧ֮һΪ켶۷似
˵ףȺһ˷ʤʱɣҲɫҰס
īʵͲΪԱ߻ɧī޷ī⡣
޵
īһߵΧʮ˵ĹһһŴԶΧЩ˸ȥҪΪǴһ·

ҽ쳹ĸֱӱ޵ɱŻϢ׵磬ǻ鵱Ѫ䣬ʱһڱ¶˳
壡
һڣ㶼ȫ߳ɱ˹Ȼ˫ʧǻǳʮˡ
ǣһǸмʮѾ룬ʣµҲɱɾǼߵǼٵĳ˹
ٳ
īҲܲôˣٴαɣͷҲصĳԶȥ
ףǵһ˸ϹҲ߲
һҲӲˣ
һɭ쳹ֻһںڵӰԶһɫ磬˲䣬ʮΪΣڡ
ĵڶ֣
һ
ס֮ϾǿЦҡ
ľɡڣǸûߵĿԡ
ƴˣҲҪһᣡ
Ƕһۣǿ˶ԷеľȻ
ǵĿ꣬ɣ
ʱһǷӿǳڹȥ
ˣȻҷȫ
ͬʱ֣ǵصһ㣬ѹƵϢӣõЩѡ
飡
һ쳹Ѫſʮǿ߶Ǳѹȥײ棬Ѫֱ
ųϣҲԣ
ǳªϾǸ߰ǲмõɫѿ
УȻֻīһߣ񼸺ȫˣٶˣ˴ʱҲʣʮˡ
ʱǰ嶯ŨŨĻ⡣
ǰƻ£Ϊȸôأ
๾࣡
һŹֵԶ˹ٶȼ죬ܿ죬˶ܹһƬԼӿ˹


981 
ںڵأǧƽķΧûĹ󣬺ǹĳ棬Ż
ʲô
˶һھã
ƶأ
δţûףôܹƶأѵҲһ鲻ɣ
Ͼû˽Դܳԣʱûܹô¡
ֻǣжǷһɲõԤУƬܹƶأһΣյĸо
ÿǿߵֱ
˵ʱվȫǸľǶŷḻɱ飬һǳΣյ飬ǶܹһʱӦ
Ϊ֮ȻΪƬòأԼܵвǿƬʲô
ǡ壿
ܿģ˱Ƿ֣Ƭ棬վһˣһϮ㣬Ʈݣ˱ֱһɴ
ģôڿ
īԶھż
ڰ·ƵģɨһۣǶˣһӵ׼֮ˣ
ȻоİҲûмǣȴֱӽ֮ΪԼռҵˣ
׼֮壬ģǿռҵ̣ɲܾôʧˡ
ԣҪסƣҪȥǣֻǳһЦûͣ½ŲΪ֮Ȼ
ֱڣҲ̫ӽˣֻԶԶĿŸż
Ϊ
ƣ
һ۱ϳ˷ʱ۾һĨϲȥ
Ƶʵǲӵпռ츳˵Դ֮ﶼܹȥǣƾʵҪԼˣȴǲܵ顣
ߣ
ſڴУϣƳ롣
Χ֮ڣѾûдҪ뿪ˡ
ĺδţûа⣬һĮڽصĴ£ٵĽӽš
ǣԭȻľȱ𣿡
ĺ֮ʱǷһĻȣɭȻĵȻˣǾ͸°ɣ
꣡
˵䣬ֻһ˦һ۶ɵĴƶֱӳŷײȥ£Χռ쳹ԣҪֱɱƣ
ûΪֻΪ֣ǶȫǴҪҲ
Ϊ֪ΪΣǾãƬغǲ꣬ƺһͷħһоȻη塣
ԣҪ
Լʵģһ֮£֮ͬûмܹˡ
£Я֮ƣȴûжֵļõԶīд۾ٿЩҲ࣬ԭľȱԭֻģ
ɵһӣж̾һ
׼ԣΣܹﵽϵȷѾܲˣںɽڣҲܹ޼ɣǣɲǺɽ磬Դ磡
ʵҲΣΣ
ɣ
Դ֮ڶڶĴڣʵ̫ˡ
๾࣡
ֵٴ쳹һĻǰΧƬأȻֱγһĶơ
̣
ֱײ֮ϣںڣҺһĽȥ״ǺͶһʯһ
ûͻƶƣ
ȻƱײıΣҲϡ˺ܶ࣬ǣ˲䣬ٴ
ⲻܣ
״ʧе͸¶˼ɫ
ܹоĵƬԼпܣһԼûм۶ɣǣڸղŵһ֮£ĿЩĽȥҺ壬ȻٴƬУûʧ
Ҳ˵ղŵĹƬЧģ
ܹܵˣ
Ȼղûж似ǣҲȫһ죬ּˣҲԻᱻɳȥǣƬؾȻû£
ԼͬܵˣӲĳһҲùɣѵ˵ƬһͷԼδ֪ħ֣
Ҳţ
ҡͷ˸Żң˫ӣһģȫǳŷȥ
е㻳ɣվڵӣĺģҲֻҪɱƬؾͻ᲻ơ
̣̣
ײڳ쳹ϣһҺ岻ϵĽ𣬾һֱڳŢĺвϵʯһ
һʱȥˣ΢ЩھǾ
ѾȷƬܹƶأԼĹߣ
˻
Χ쳹һ˵ھǾ벻˼飬ϵɱҲΪĽ¶ͣ


982 µ
˶ĿɿڴĿǰһĻ壬壬Χ壬һͷԶЩղԶīҲĿ࣬һһϣþ˵
ȵģ죬ֱЩԼ۾
˵˽ƵģˣƵʵΣ˽⣬Ȼ죬ǣȼǿߣǲһأȻҲҪ׼֮ǰǸƻȥɱˡ
ǣŶ̶̼û֪ǴҳĶȻܹɻҪǿߵȫ
ܹܵˣ

ɫƽĴм䣬û¶⣬෴ģɫɱӣĲ
ˣ
΢΢ϢŵƵĿˡ
ţ
ûаȻ΢΢һĿڷϣϢȣ
Ǿͻˣ
һУɱϢŷһֱָֻڡ
󣡡
ʱµƬٴα仯ǰһͷԴںһƬɵһ˳ŷָԾֱӳϵȥ
û̫ƣҲûƿǿһͷͨԴޣǣȴһϢԶԶĿȥ˲һִƺһͷħһ
ˣ
ͫһΪԼϣǿѹԼеľûкˣ˫ֲϵһֵӡʱƵһģȻɢͬһâ嫵Ϣ¶ϯΧĿռ䶼Ǳһۿɼơ

˫ӡдһڹʢЩǵصĳԴȥ
ᣡ
ڽӽԴ޵ʱٴδһЩ˸ŽľȻһͷ۶ɵԴ޹桭
ҪɿʱðһĻˣ
󣡡
ͷԴ޸ͶⰵδһٶûаͣͣзϸĽֱײȥʱǻֽһǾּǿҲ޷ͻƵȻôֱӻһ󶴣Դٶ˿δǳȥ
ôܣ
֪ⰵܵ˶ʱǾȵĴгһ˫˫ӣҪۿڵˡ
ҲҲѹֲסֱ¶ɫ
Ϊ֣ǹɰģƺǱͷԴڻˣˣˣ
֮Ǳײˣǣֱûˣƾʧˡ
๾࣡
Դ޿ʱ;ȻſһڶҲ紫˵жħħһҪֱɡ
ҹ
һ亹˸Žģ۳һȭͷֱӳԴ޵Ĵȥ
̣
һ죬ͷԴβ΢΢һٶͣͣûеı飬߱˵
ֻ΢΢ЩΣǣһգۼ䣬ͻָʲôҲûзһȥһͷеħ׽Լһ

ʱҲûаԥ˿ٹ˼Լǿˣ˴㵵Ŀ£ֱӱȥ
ȻͷԴ޽ˣоǱͷԴ޽ôΨ·һ
̫ˣ벻ͨԼĹΪζⶫûأ
ĻҲҵĳ鴤š
ĵڶǿ߰Դǿ֮һھȻһͷȥòԴ׷׷ȥֻķݣǶЩܲˡ
ⶫôǿ
ŷΧûмٶٵأǶ֪ôԼʱˡ
Ƭص۳ʮͷԴҲûκⰡ
ⲻ˵һƬأ͵ڲһٸּǿ
˻
΢һ룬˶һھһƬ𺳵ɫ
Ǿʵ̫ˣӵƬأһǿ߼׾ٵ飡
ʱ˶ǸоͷƤ飬з
ⶫǴģΪξȻ˹Թߣ
ⳡվŵĸ徫񣬸ǿߣûΪԼֵܹסϮɱ
⻹ǲµ顭
µǣǰĻڸˣƬ֮ˣվмǸӣ
ǲ˵ӾȻƿ˽һٸԽ̶ֳȵǿ


983 ߸
һͷһ㣬ȴõȫ˶ǸоЩϢ
ʱôһ
ǿǽʾ֭벻Ǵðġ
ôһǲʹԴ޵ô
һ뵽⣬ǵĺɵļ
׼Եʣѵռҵˣ
ǵĿⶼԶīвп
ռңֳһ˵ﰡ
Ľͬʱīɻ
ܹȷ˵ǲԼռҵˡ
˵ǰӵܣԼҲԼŶԣǣǰӣȴǸо̫İ֮ռûпô˴ڹ
Ҫռ֮Ǿͺˡ
ھâӲӣд⣬һҪúõʲС
ռ˵ʵ̫Ҫˣ

쵰֪æ
ǹԴԽ׷Խ亹죬߳ŭĴţҲ¶ˡ
˰ֻҪܹţƾԼʵ˭˵ĵģ

ôһһھǺܲԸӦһӲͷƤˣʱƬռӿ嫺ǧأѹ涼ѹĳȥѺۡ
¡¡
ͬǺХһͷ۶ɵԴ޾ϯȥƺƴҪ֮С
󣡡
ԴףзĽͷƤ飬ͬ嫺еһСۣǣǳž춯صĳϫײȥûаͣ͡
һĻõһھҪֱ˵ء
ͷԴ޴ĳϫ֮󣬾ˮ֮㣬ûܵʲô˺ңܹжֻǣٶȱѡ
õһԵҲæĳԶȥվԭˣҲͬ˴ϢĻᣬ˫ľ롣
ǣⲻجεĿʼѡ
󣡡
ŷƵָӣһͷͷԴ۶ʱԼʮͷԴڿնǵصģȥ

һˣֱӱһͷԴһȥѪ쭽ͷӶûʣˡ

Ļ֮ϣһȱͳмӶȥ
ȫĵطʥҲһܹƵĿеķ֣ԣֻҪ֮ûк֮ǡ
ǣܼǣưŵͷԴޣһֱ󣬲᲻
壬Ʋ
дУϣܹвĵȥĶ
ǣôԹѾˣضһڶɱ㣬ԺҲһǿУԣͫɨ֮󣬰ɻ峬ǿչ˵İһֻԴޡ
һʱϵľƱ͵߸˹ȫɥ֮ȮԴҪˣԴҲҪˣ׷׶ǳзλȥԭʯһĿһĻ
һˣıһսľƣ
ΪУ
ŷƽűǲһȦأжһӣңǽεĿԺУΪǵĶ
ˣҲûΪǣԶ뿪ȥȴûֱȥվԶۿⳡʵɱ
οɾײʯͷˣ
̶̼ڣ˱ԴûһëȻҽѪɸɾ

һǰʮǿ߱һͷԴ׷ϣſֱӽ֮ûȥҽһھǾǼʱ䣬ûټҪסǣ
ԴԽ׷Խܱ߳źš
۳ԴޣٶϿɲҪһߣǱߴܣԴ޵ٶȣͱɸɾˡ
ˣ׷ҲѾǳ顣
Щ徫ӢҲûжԥ׷ȫֻ֣ΪԴ޵ٶȣΪԼڵǿȡôӵʱ䡣
Ⲣ˵ɵǵʵٶȣԶԶˣ˵ѾǾԵˣʱЩǿѣԼļҲܹܵߵȵŴ
ơ
츧ؿڣЩǵĳŷȥ
֡
ҵģвھεָһһĨҺҩԵû뵽ڣͽؿڵĴ޸Ĳˡ
Σֱǵǿߡ
Ǹ߽ҩʦ
޸ĴˣٴξȻ
û뵽ӣȻһҩʦңƺ칬ʶ


984 ׷ɱ
ʵǲ
Ѿʣ¶˵Ķ飬ͷڷһѪ˿
οǴ칬ʮӵǰʱһҲʣĸˡ
Щɶ칬δĵ̰ÿ˶ӵмǰ;ǣȴô
һжΪûаԭļƻ£
ô
֪ΪʱҲôģڼԴ֮һ̣Ѿͷԣ
Դʵ̫ѵˣɲÿԴܹģûԴҲ֪࣬Ҳ͸ѡ
ΣҲɷƴԴڣȻĴô֪أ
ַģһܹġ
Ʋģĺ˿˵һ䣬߶ĸ棬µرԼٳзжȥ
Ѿǳ׵ĵˣɲںڱһ£ã˷ѡ
ֻҪȺӣ嶼û⡣
Ķ˶˲Ҫʲôˡ
Ҫȥ鷳
˻
˲˿ھ𺳵ɫ
׷ȥ
ǵһӦģһǳŷȥ׷ȥЩǿߣ΢΢һ㶣ǷӦ˹ٵĸȥ
ѵҪ
ԶīȻû˵ʲôǣǵж֪Ƿʲôˣûԥֱ׷ȥ
Ҫд·ˡ
ûȥ˻һֻۣǰ˼˻ȥţһ˱ԶԶĸں棬Ҫ֪¾ᷢչʲôز
ʵҪǻҪȷǹһܹܲƿеķ
ҪֶĴڣôǾͱϱˣΪӰ쵽Դڵƽ⣡
ǾԲڵģ
ΣʱҪѪùˣ

һǿ߶ǲһе䣬һ·ϣǧ徫񣬻ıһͷͷںɫԴ޲ʳҽ쳹ʡ
ǾһͷͷӵĶħһֱɣͷӶʣ¡
ĳ棬õһھ񵨺˵вҲֻܱߴˣΪЩλʱ䡣
棬ǾԵѪȣһͷͷԴ޳Ⱥ֮ڣȺľֽһһһھһԶ쬵ġ
ҪǻԼҲԺòȥ
Ψһ򶨵ģֻзˣĸٴηͷԴٴ۳׷ȥ
ҪɱˣЩ˲вֻҪɱһ㹻ʹˣ
ڳˣûҪ飬ȻǾǶԼĲ̣
ģ
˱ԷǺ֮ǣȴҲһͷֳֻܷӣƾʹֻΪЩԴ޵ĽŲ
⾿Щʲô
վģǸĺӵܣǴʱǷԼԺڵм䣬ҲûҵһǰƵ֡
ǲף⾿ʲôѵ֣
Ҫ˵ʵȥֹĶܲǺܴ󣬵ǣڹ죡
Թߣ
벻׾ô£ô˵ʱֻ۷廹ãôʥ˻ܹɱǣҲʥأ
붼ÿ£̫ˣˣֱͬ޵еĴڣ
㣬ȻҲĸԴһʱ۷壬ȻͬǣȴԴиͬ㣬ǾûСˡ޷ʥףȻ⽫
ҲǣԴʵ飬ǾֶѣȻһ
جΣ˵جΣǧÿʱÿ̶бɣӳ죬Ҳܻǽ顣

һͬеĳǿۿҪһͷԴ׷ϣǹϢںڵĴڣûԥһֱļʱؼӳһϢֱӰסһ̣ǻһһϢȻͿʼת䡭
ˣ
ǽռ׵һϢһ
һ̣ʹ˱ֶΣֱӽʥס
Ȼǲ룬ΪԴڰлþԴʯΪԺʥ׼ʱû̹

һ˲䣬ϿձǱһڵѷ죬һǿٵͷϡ
󣡡
ʱͷԴѾ˹ںǺڶһĴڣ˫ȥ


985 Ͷ

УһĲҽдѪɽ˱ǿһֻаӵ˱ǿڵѷ˽ȥѷȻ£ƵʲôҲûзһ
󣿡
ںڵԴޣ΢΢֮ͣͣһ㣬ٴγһĳǿ׷ȥ
˷ˣ
ĻԶнһ¶ĺȻ
Ǹˣǿ֮һһʵĿ£ǲ⣬϶ΪĴڣڣ˫ȱ٣ѾڲзϣԲ۷ˡ
Ѿʧȥʸ
˰
ıǿð̣ȴҲһͷֻʹȫӡ
ҪȻѡǣһǽˣԴ˭֧ţ
Դʯ֮⣬гΣֻһȵˣһܹԴֻˡ
ʱǾȻЩɷˣӵ˳п֣Щڳ⣬γ⣿
һ뵽㣬Ǳɫࡣ
Ҫͽ⣬뻹Ҫ߰Ĵ۲ſˣ
ԴٵĲ࣬ԴҲߣڻءĺ޷йȥֱҪѪ

󣡡
ҽХؼ쳹ϢǵĶڣĴʹ
ЩԼľڣȻɱ
ʧ̫ˣǶ֪ô㱨ˣ֮ǿ϶ˡ
㾿Ҫôſϰ֣
۾Ĵ쳹ǧ
ˣ뵽ǻصУҲӲ׵ˣ̸ףԼоʧЩ
ǣ
⻰һǳǳĻȣ˵ҪҰҲǲԣ㼸ſԡ
˸ղĻ֮ףҪɱЩһＸǲܵ飬ǿʱƿնȥ
ǣΣʽ̸µĺʱȡ⳥
У
Ҳû룬һڱǴӦЩٵĽеɷͣ£
ŶߵĲҽĶڵѪǣֻô죿
ã
ǵĻȸŨˣˣͣǲṥˡ
⻰˶ڣ֮ڵпһ
ȻĻµʱһͷͷԴ޶ǱͣʱǲЩ̻̲ͣ

ʱҲ˿ɫɲǺܺÿΪ֪ⲻǵڻһֿ׵ķʽѡ
ɣֻҪǲܵĻǲṥģȻΪԼʵ㹻Ļѡܡ
ƵϷ֮⣬Ǿ仰õһǳȥ
ܣ
ʲôЦʲô
ղŵһ׷ӣǷǳףԼΧЩԴ޾ǶٶҲ޼£ֻбɱˣڣһ˭᲻ϧ
ºΧʮͷںڵԴޱǽΧס
棬Ҳͣ£ҷأǰ⼸˽ľкݺݵĳ鴤ţȴǲ¶⡣
ʱĸټŭǰ壿
ǺֻҪ˼ҵͷһַ붼˻䣬ǣӻسеĻҲ󣬿ֻܵнʥһ·ѡ
ҪѪˣ
˿֮жһĺ⣬Ȼǳϧ
ԾͲʲô࣬ȣһɱϰپ˼һ׵ķŹǣ
˵ţûУ
ʱ˶Ǹоüеɢ٣ж顣
ʲôʱôǿƹĸ߸ϵƵ·󽵣Ǵδй飡
ڣȴǱһˣһ֮ȻƵǧͶ
ǿлѪζǶΪΡ
֣˭ĸӵܣ
īһԼѵʵ
֮ǰҲƽԣҵˡ
ȵҪ֪ӵ׼ԵӣǲԼռҵˡ

ǻعĿһۣһĨɻ˵˵зơ˵Ƿң
ƣң
īʱסˣзһ޷ʧ䡣
·ʱЦݣΪƾռҵˡ
ϧ˼ȴǳһҲû˵ļ塣


986 ǵı
ңɽô
īԼеļ䣬Ҳûҵνķҡ
ܹһʵģضԣҲûг½ȥ롣
ǲܵ飬½ĿУǾһƬƶ֮أųƣһʮ۹Ҳܹһͳ½
𣿡
ʱǴҪʷƣΪǸЦݵУܾãƺԼռһϵڣȻΪζԼ¶⣿
ֺã
һ˾ѹһھӢҪֺԼԼֺ⻹ࡣ
ǣû˵ȥ˵ĿⶼǷǱߵĳϣȴ̸еĿʼ

ߣʣ˶˵ϣĸĳǿҲصΧ˲ԶһͷںڵԴ״ħִϢӿ

ûзɾ裬෴ģ񾭶Ǵڸ߶ȵı״̬һֱû춯˿ŷƳ˵˵ɣҪβſϰݣ
ǺߣңԼǻԼҲԲԷ·ȻϴӦͽ⣬ԣѾ˰׵׼
ܺã
ǴУڻǧ֮ԶĿɨˣǿһͷͷ׵ĸһУǱһаȵĻȣȣһ뽻õǿԴ
ĵһ仰ʱõ˲һѪɫǺ죬Ҫƿڴˡ
˻飡
˭Դˣ˭Դˣ
ǵ飬޷֮ƵѪˣ
ϣ
Ҫ͵ʱ򣬷ȴǰʼ˵ˣļƲ߹Ȼܶ񶾣õԴ֮󣬹Դ֮ɱΪѵҪԴ֮Ϲһ򾡣ȻƬһҶ𣿣
һ˵ֱӾ˵Զ˵ǿ˵Ŀǲơ
ΪУڶôɵģ
ʱǺ俪Դ֮󣬱Ƿ֣ԴѾʱˣΧµĺۼǣԴǰͱȡˡ
ڱԴ֮ˣ
ЦԴ֮Դûаô෴ģܹԴᴿԼڵøǿ
ԣֻһԣȡˣΪƬй򶷵ĺۼ
ֻ죬һĨɻ
ϢԼȥģѵʱҲй¶
㣬ҲǺҲɡ
˵
վȺеܼĴھѪ˿
ģҲˣе°ǿɶǾȫ̬䶯˰ΣΪͷԴ֮ΪǿԴѾʧˣڣʲôҲû̵ڹԼʲô
ȴûлɵͷϣΪʼһֱûпƣУƾһŵ屻ϢŸϹˣôɣҲûݡ
Ͼ´͸¶Ź죬˻ҲǺġ
ͲףöԴܵȥˣѵԴ֮֮ˣ
ԲܣԴ̲嫺ôһһϦܹ˵ģ
ӵ켶߽׹ʥˣҪһԴȫȫҲʱС
Һ˵
ɫһ䣬͸¶ɱȻĿϡ
Ȼϵһ֮һǱƵԴ֮Ͷ·Լôô׵ĵõԴأ
˵ǿɻǹء
ϧעòˣңڹǱУãŭľͽԼˡ
ף˺˵ķ𣿣
ķƵɫԽԽɱõĲת۾׺
ļһͲῴ
ײʲô
ҡ
ɫͨ죬һɣǵͷȥ
ֲԤС
ҲΪںߵ𣿡
ɫû˺תĶʵ
⡭
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬ƵҪȥɱˡ
̫ˣ
Ϊһʱôܹ
оԼһû⼸Ķࡣ
ϰɣ϶ǰӵŭһŭ֮£ԼЩ񣬾Բʣ¶ܹӻسУԼˣȥеĻʸҪ࣬Ҳƿնȥ


987 ˵ʵ
ǳ˰ɣʣԻһĸĳӡ
ƣ̫ˣûܹΪ
ԣһʱڣѵУź˼Ҳû˵ʲô
ѡѡ
ǣǰӿ϶ɲԼѡҺһ֮г̾һˡ
ûкߡ
һһ٣Ǽѵ˵
ʲô
Χ˶Բ˼Ŀ⿴ǣǿŨŨĿɬ֮󣬶ô¡
ϣô˶
ȴǲһԹѾˣٻתϣЩʵҲûиĻ
Ȼ
Զ˶ŭĵǣֱ޵ð̣ݶҧˣһзģԲù
˵˾ʵ
ֿ˻ɫҲ΢ðһѪĻ
ʵʵ
ᰡ
ôٴһ飬ҵĵһҪ󣬾ǽԴ
۾к˵ţǿԴһԴʯô򵥡
ⲻܣ
˶ǴĽе׵˱ֵĸǼң߿ֱӾ͹ϡ
ʲô£ԴûеõԴ˴룬ڣҪһԴ

׺۾˵ѪԣһźǼΧվһͷͷںڵԴޣǶֱӳƶˡ
Ѿùˣ
ԼҲˣȻҪһԴ
ȥɣ
Ҳһ࣬Ƿǳѿ
Դⶫ˵ͷûУУҲһܹġ
Դ̫ҪˣǸõģǡ
ȻǷ߿ͬʱԶ˶Ǿ÷ǳĽرǿһЩŤӣд죬ֱ޲Ǿ궥ײúɱźá
˾͸Ӳ˵ˣһǴкãҪ彻Դ
üüʱǲǸܵЩ߸ϵڽµʱǶôĿ⡣
ŶԸô
ģƲû˶ŭ΢΢һ䣬˵ܼ򵥵ġǣһԶǳ棬ţǵʵͻǣܼ򵥵Ķ԰ɣ
һ仰õǻŭֱϨ𣬾ǱһͰˮһ˶һ˸ǺɫǵĨЦ⣬УǼֱǵħЦ
Ӹǩº֮ÿһ壬ȻǿӵͨԴͨǣԴڣһ壬һ͵㣬һΪݵأ
ЩΧĳ⣬ԶҲ˳ǣԶҲòһԴʯˣ
˻
Զ˶ǲɵĵһǵмӰھһƬȻ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ˣǻƷȥ
Ҫ巢ս
ȻᣬһԴѣӴ巢ս
Ƿûκɣ·ķɱԻᷢս£ǣ֣սµĿԵ㡣
˶֪ԴٲˣȻʧģɾͲһԴôˡ
ˣҲ뵽㣬ԣǲְ
ǣǿԲǣһбֲֿΧסֱӾǶԼԴ·ǻпܲóԴ
ʱǿŷƵĿⶼܹ
ҪЮ
ɱԼ壬ȻһǿвˣһˣвԼ尡
Դûз飬ǣȴǷԼͷϡ
ңǸǷǳв
ûԸܣǣǻиõѡ
һʱڣǵĿⶼǷ˵ڶǿߣϡ
ȵȣ
ڷƾֱ۵ʱҲܲסˣæͣ
Դⲻ˵ģȥֱ£ֵϰ˻ᱻɱ

صĺ˿ѹеŭΧɵ˶һ֮󣬲Ƕŷ˵ҪǴӦ㡭ֻǣԴʱУҪһЩʱſõ
ţֻҪʱϱȥĴǲҪ忪սĻ϶óԴġ
ܺã
ӦƲŷֱۣǵĻȣٴơ
һԴôˣ
ôɵĵ֣뵽һƵĺð취Լǲǹȥ˵Ȼȥв͵ˣ
Ȼֻѣ̫࣬ɾͳԲˡ


988 ٰ
ôǼ̸ڶ
Ƶɫһ˵Աӵֶƭǿˣ˲أѵãø𣿣
ۣ
һ仰˵ȥʱӪھѪ
Ǳİ
˵ͲʲôıУҲΪǵβӦԼе
̫ԩˣҪԩϰٱ
ʲôûˣΨһֵǣԼôûأ֪ڣΪ˰ˣѵһپͷ֮ȥˣã¿ǻˮ
ʵҲǷкΪھΣԲҪһЩôͬʱֱӾͻЩ˵ĺøС
УΣǸ
ҧһһٵĴӦѾʮҿࡣ
ʧ⻹СģϾ£鷳ҪֻҪ̫֣ûгЩеĵߣǶǿԽкͽģ
ǣƫƫͻҪԼ
õҪѪɱĴȴҪǿѹ¡
ʱַ˵˵ʲô£ãһһŭʲôǾ͵òʧˡ
ܺã
תŲԶе֣㣬ϼƳҪʲôֱӱǡ
Ǻܴһһں
ǣȴֱ
ñ˵Ķվ˵ۣ
ףҪѪˣ
У
ӦһǸмĳ˵ͷīһ
ѾɱˣǾԲܵģҪҲ̫֣ÿһöԴɾĵߣпܻ˶ս£սС
ԣҲֻһЩȽʵһĲʽ
磬Դʯ
ԴǺһ£ԴȺ壬Դʯÿ춼ΪЩض
˵ԴĿģΪԴʯ
ͳƳˣÿһԴʯв
һһٰʮˣڣʣµѾʮˣǾ˵һʮ¼
ϼƣҪ⳥һǧԴʯ
ݴ˵ʱԶǴһ
׵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ÿ˵ļֵֵһԴʯ
Ǹ׳һ⣬ʮ۹һԴʯᣬɰǧ˵
Ȼô˵޼ۣǣһջʱֵǮ
һһԴʯⴿٰǳо
ã⣡
ݶҪҧˣ˫ŭŭˣģһ޲óȥҧϼһ
⣬˵仰ѣ
Ļ䣬ƱֱĶˣɫ䣬ûʲô¶˵ھó⣬ȻɱһʮˣȻȥȥԴʯ
󣡡
ֱѾΧһͷͷںڵԴ޿ҲһЩֹŹֵĽǲ֮Ħһкǲ类һʯͷһܣܲڡ
ȵȣǴմգ
æס
Ҫ⣬ɲϣʲôʧˣ˿ǰӾԻ˵
ѾԼˣںٶɱһ㣬ⶼͬһƲ
ǣǱǿʼƴ
һǧöԴʯڳϵ˵ѾһˣѰǾû˻óģҲᣬǣ£ҲΨˡ
ֻҪܹУ綼ܹǣ˳УʧԽԽ
Щ鳤Դʯһ֮óһЩʹչװһָڣ˷ơ
֣ǵԲԣһöǾһö
ƿҲûֱӽָӸ죬Ҷһ䡣
ûٷţ
вЩңȻҪˡ
Ѿһڣܺԣֻ˳˵ӵԽãǸûаô󻹻òʧʧĸࡣ
ǶԵġ
ܿģǽָڵԴʯһ飬ȻŶŷ˵

Ƶ˵ͷеʱƽ˺ܶࡣ
ڣǿ˰ɣ
ûϸ˿ŷʵ
ߣ
ƹһ㶣˫һ̯˵˵ǿ𣿡
㻹Ҫô
ԵɶʱܲˣԲ۾ŷƺ


989 Ѫ
ܲԸӣ
ɨһɣе˵овζ
Ҫʹףֻвİ취УȻЩһɲôʵ
ûУ
һۣǼѵ˵ЩǵĴҲѾ㹻˴ˣô
ȻҺǵĻش𡣡
Ƶ˵ͷǴһĨĻȣʵԴƣϹԣҲҪǵԴⲻְɣ
֣֡
Ѿŭ⣬һһٵ˵ţ촽ݺݵĶš
⻹
ⲻй֣ʲôŽй֣
ǣȻѾҪҲȤˡ
ͶƲɱֵܣ⳥һԴʯѵӦõ𣿡
һܶģ˵š
ӦãӦá
˵䣬һѪ
Ǳİ
˵ˣ˵أ
ң޴ӷҷ
ǰ£ΪıģԣҲҪԼôίԺûˣʲôıⲻûʲô𣿡
źɸֵ˵ţõ˶һһЩƢҵˣǿѪȻȥ
Ȼˣ㻹ʲôأ
ΪԼ˲һǿѹסеŭٴʵ
û˵ҲⰡҺ⡣
ǴһĨζĻȣֻҪǽԴҿ϶ȥ鷳˵ġ
Ϊλأ
⼸֣Ǵбĳģ͸¶ѹŵŨŨŭ
ŭ˸оһͷųضǾ춯ء
ΪʲôҪߣ
һɻĿЩЦĵȹҵģҷʲôԵģڣǳУһŹɡ
㣡
Բ۾һѪֱӾ˳ǰһѪꡣ
˰죬ƺǻصԭ㣬ûʲôչǣԼȴǳһĪеıɹŭ𣬶һҪһöԴѾһǧöԴʯ
б˵
˵ܹͦһѪʵѾǺܲˡ
㾿Ҫôֱ˵ɣǽžǣ
裬۾ŷƺ
ǿƵľģȴʹʱѾʱ׼ֻҪʥףܻ߳ȥ
ôš
෴ȴһȻɴ΢ЦûаţлµŹʵܼ򵥰ǿԼҪĲ֮࣬ĳޣҲûеַǵһĵزѰˣֻҪʮöԴʯͿˣЩ鳤ģͱһöſˡ
˵䣬תˣǣҪһǧöԴʯ
ȻǿԼѡģԴʯǾӰɣֻҪӵǵĳڣҾԲ׷ɱҲһѡʥƿȥҾԲġ
һ˶ȴͲͬˡ
ǽٵǿĵ
ǿо
ҪôҪôǮǿһ㲻ҲǸ·
ӣһǿ϶ģȻҲͣˣҲǲϣԼƿնߣƲӣû㹻ľǿô彫ʧȥܶʸ
ʱǻиõѡ
ûϵû㹻Դʯǿý˻ȥãֻҪǴﵽҵҪˣҵŭȻϨˣǾͲΪˡ
˶һңֻңּһ䡣
УЩˣԴʯˣɻʣ½ǧ˰ټϼʮ鳤ˣѾԴʯˣ
µˣ
ԶжǶţ۾ֱֱĿǿȥΪӣƺҪϣұעΪǵˡ
̫Σˣ㲻Σգ˭ôԴʯԼ
Ҳ࣬Ǽˡ
ֶ̫ˣڵϻãʹ죬⣬ԼϣǾͲ̫ˡ
ԣֻѣ˰
⻰һڣ˶ǽĿͶ
Щͷʹ˵񻹿ֵʮöԴʯǣܶ඼ǿɹʵƽƽⲻ˷Դʯô
ڣԼǰ˵Ҫһ
ܣȻԺûκεš
еԴʯͳͳó
ƺһʱΧЩ˶ǽԼϵԴʯȫ˳ƽʱڰвŵģҲء


990 һǿ
ܺãˡ
һװһǧԴʯĽָ׸֮󣬼һĽָˣԴһɣ˲ϲ鷳Χǣٺ٣Ҳðɣ
һΪ˵ţõٴһѪͷٵĳԶȥԶǴ죬һòųȥ
ٺ٣
һаȵĻȣÿĿɨˣ˵ǿ˰ɣ˵Ǹõˣ˭ԴʯֻҪ˾ͿȥҾԲġ
ʱӪھЩɧһЩӵóʮöԴʯƮȻȥҲûҪûˮߵˣǱܵһͷͷںڵԴɸɾֶΣʱõʵ˺ܶࡣ
ʱûԴʯˣֻڴЩԴʯˣȻǽ·һ
һˣһ壡
Զǳʶˡ
ǿǴͷβڳһ뵽һֶΣǾͲ
һ﴿һͷƤĶħ
תۼ䣬˽ԴʯһԴ
һĿǾջ
ǣʱǵȴǻȲǹأǾ亹죬ﻹʲôģ

ʲô𣿵ʱֻ»Լȥ޴Σѣһ
ⲻһǣǳɷô
̫ˣʱƬһԼȥҪ˭ҲӦأ
ߣѾԴʯָ˸ͷˡ
õ˾ԴʯǻȥҲиˣʱǶ˵İӣٴζһݺøС
˵õԴʯԼܻܲŻȥ˵
ƣң
Ƕ뵽ղ˵ңǶǸеİ
ԼǾˡ
վģɶǸ󳬷ˣţֻҪҲʲôһԼ
ⲻǶԼţǶԼȻġ
֮õĺ£
ϾȻ죬ǣΪҲϾѣԾۣҲԼЩ˶ʤ£ҲǿƬص桭
ԴһЩʱµǣڿƬص֮ǱǶܹжϳصļֵ
޼۵ĿӵԴھܺ޼ɣ˸ǣ
һʱڣжҪôܽԼӪˡ
ϾҲֹԼһң߻ôأѡѡԼ˵
ôҲϣֽⲻֹΪȹԼǣܾãӺܿ¡
ʱţϺǰԶҲûȥһֱȴŽ
Լһʱ䣬һӰƿԶתۼƬϡ

ǣ
ƵȴǳһĨȣҲûһֱԶͫڣâ
󣡡
ûʲô׵ģµر۳һͷںڵԴֱӳǸȥٶȼ죬ֻвӰ
ôܣ
˽ǲȻǣȴ¶һĨ㵡

Զһŭ𣬽ţǴһıը֮ŭһӰԶ
ܣȻˣ
˾Ȼη֮Ĳ
ȻһУΪ֣
һǿߣ˵Ҳ߲һУ
ǰܵȷǿԴڿûܹѹ
Щƶڣɫ
¡¡
һڽһ貹дΧĿռ䶼ˮһıƺܹأֱӴ׷ںԴޡ
˱ǿ˸ڽĹֱӽͷԴؿڶ
ܴܴܴ
Ļе˶ǻΪΧһͷͷԴΧǶֱƶˣˣҲĦȭƣ׼ˡ
ǣһĻõͷ϶ʱһͰˮһõ˲ͽ˱㣬һľ˵
󣡡
ͷںڵԴȻˣǣЩĽȥںҺٴȥõٴλظԭſڵĴڣзĽٴγ׷Ϯȥǡ
̣ǼӶѣõֱЩӦ
ˣٴߣǲһκιЧûκã޷ɱ˵Ĺ죬궼о


991 һ
ĵһǿߣܣԴ֮ڿǺպңδİܼԣ˵Դڣܹģָ
ǣ˵ܹɱˣǾûУ
Ϊû˸˵ܹ׵ѹ
ڣĵһǿȴǱһͷòںԴ׷ĵܣⲻɵӶǵһء
ģ⾿ʲô
ŲϽӽԴޣƿڴȴһƬȻ
˵ʱζģһ١
ߣ
ֱЦϻܹ߹޵еĴˣ綼ᱻͳΣ
ǿôĬĬţ
ǣżȴ٣ԣϱ֮ĴȨһóԴʯǣңһöԴ
ЩȴнܹɱЩһҪնݳ󻼣
ģ֮ͬڣûʲôɱġ
ǣȴ֪ԼˣϹȻ޷ڣ
׷Լľһ
ȻԼûŹȴ˵Թˣ۳ܣ޷֮׵ĺɱ

ĻƲ΢ĺ˿΢΢ŵķȥ
ȻƲģֻҪͻʥ׵Щ˵Чġ
һ㰡
ӴܵеܣھâӲӣǿһԴʯԼһ
ˣ
ԶȴǹһĨЦ
ڳ֮ڣƾνͣܶȥںˣԼȥ˰ɣ
ǵǵָ֪֮˷һɡ
ⲻԴʯ
ȷžˡ
ǿ϶ģ磬ҲľͲԴʯԼˣ
Ҫôſ֣ͣ
˳ֱӳŷʵ
ûƢˣҲǣԼӵǿֻ»
뵽ȥжʱͺ˺ܶࡣ
֣ͣ
ǳһĨĻȣʵΪҪ֣ͣ
һ˫ͫǰƵĻּˣǱڰ͵ϮɱԼҲǺܿܡ
пܣѡҪԴʯὫ˶ɱҡС
ǣԾͲʵʡ
ǣܵͷԳԣ⻹ǿԵġ
Ȼٴηڵɶȥ
ʱѾаˡ
⡭
һ仰µ޴ӱ⣬ƿԡ
ǰ˼ƾʲô֣ͣ
ǽԼ˱ƳԴ磬ֻǻʧȥܶʸѣǣܱƳԴ磬ôֱӾʧȥվ۷ʸ
ԣΣҲܱƳԴ磡
һǧԴʯ
ֻ֪ԴʯѪǿͣˡ
ߣ
һûһңһͷԴ޴µ
ǧԴʯ
Ļ£ͷԴޡৡһ¾ͳ˹ȥʹţһھͽɵͷ
ǧԴʯ
ʱͼˣгλʱ죬ҲѾʪ͸ˡ
⻹ࡣ
Ŀ¶һĨЦ⣬ͷԴ޵ĶҲȻֹȺµڣ˽ȥʲôҲûзһ
̫ˣ
ԶжǺݺݵĳ鴤š
һﲻȥǿǿϧˣ
ңǸǿΪȻռˣ
û˵ʲôֻǵĿ˷һۣҲûֱͣӳڷȥ
Ҳû˲

˿
ãΪҲԤƵķԣҲ׼һԴʯڣֻȥһ룬Ѿˡ
װǧʮԴʯһԴһ¡
˵ţһָ׸ơ
˻
ĿԶ˶ɵĵһԼҲ
ʵ̫ӴˣӵһԴ߷ֳһҲԴʯο⻹һԴڣ
ΧһȵĿ⣬ƶʱΪҪⱬ
Ҳǲģջ󣬸ûܹˡ
ߣ
һɫֱӳȥ
ԼˣԴڣȻû˸ԼǣǳԴأ
һӵôһӴԴʯǱԻ᲻ð
ʱʱķңûסʾ޶ĲƸ
ǣ뵽˻֮вƽ


992 ʺ
ε飬ܿģʹĿб˳ȥ
ʱһʱǧˣ߽Ծ
һ˴һ壬һƽʵܹǰʮ壡
˶ڴ̽ʵԣȴõǸΪȻ
һǿߣܣȻǧԴʯأȻԻᱻƳԴ磡
Ϣõ˵һ
ܵĴԴ֮ڴ˵˶ţΪԴ۷ǿ֮һδйܼ
ǣȴı˱ƵԴʯ
õ˶Խܡ
κιߣûһС
ǿ
ȻǲܹȷǣֻҪǵõϢ壬²һָ
壡
õӣ
ôྫҲͲ˵ˣƵһԴԴʯ˲ʹĴڸǣҪȥ壬Ȼᷢµ顣

õԴʯ֮󣬷ƶ˵ٻһͷͷԴޣ뵽˽µڣһˣзȥ
߰ɡ
һֱǵӰֱټת˵һ䣬ȥ
˵ʵĽ˵ģϾ˵㻰Դʯ֮󣬲ûΪǣѾǲеˡ
һ·޻ΪƲû˵ԣҲ֪ôڣһֱȵصУƱǿӰվڳǽ֮ϳԼңʱǱӲͣǣһĨЦ⡣
Ƹ磡
Զģʹӳǽ𣬳ŷ˹
ȥɡ
ƶĸ´һʱµرǳԶȥתۼʧ

Ļߵ˿
ص֮Ȼ֪ṥԼɾúѹͷѹһЩԴϢ
Ǿʲô
ǲףΪηƻȥأѵͲԼ˴𣿻˵Լʵôģ
һһͷͷҲ𰸣ȴġ
ⲻ˫𣿡
˳ǲǷ֣ǰһԾŮӣʢе칬˫ô
ǰ¼ǿɶǼǵãΪŮӣ칬ǼġڣôͻȻͺİӺˣ
˵˫ɣ˪˭ɫΪȴСŮһĶͶͱأ
С˵ģõĶˡ
ŮòͲ˵ˣңʵҲһһģ޷ޣȷеˣ֮ǰɶôһ˿롭
Ϊƴĳ棬ʱѾȥˡ
ǵĿ⿴ʱȴǷ֣һ֪һͷൽһȥˡ
λҸˡ
ŮһƲתǹ˹֣Ůͳųȥ
λֵȵȡ
Ҫߣīڽе
ʣǲռӵǰɣ
ʵѾҪʲôˣֱ˵շ磬ƣհ峤ʺá
˵꣬ƳһЦŮٵȥ
峤
īһٴ̧ͷȴֻӰ˳֮ڣ΢΢ЩԶ૵ʶ峤
˼벻ףһ磬ٵĳųȥ
ҪϻʣİӾԼռʲôϵ
ƶԼ̬ȣãӦûĳѺõĹϵ
ʣµˣһ֮ҲǸȥ
ҲҪĽ鷴ӳȥңҪҪŪңʲôͷܲ£ġ
̫ҪˣֻҪӵˣ൱޵Դ磬ʱҪԴʯûУ
ǿȻУֻὫǱƣԣ£ķʽҲǼΪҪġ
ĿǰϣĻ칬ռˣΪǺͷйر칬ŮĹϵһ۾ܿףʱֻҪ칬΢һʩѹߴƣɹʣܹȵġ

峤ϲʶһΪƵˣ
վհǰīǹʵ
ƣ
հʱ̧ͷЩĿʵ𣿡
оǸˣǲǽԴ磬Ȼֳʲôˡ

ô˵ī֪հ϶ƣֻǣȴΪμ棬־ʲôϵ


993 Ӧ
峤ǰЩӣԴڷһЩ顭
ī˳֪֮϶һЩԼ֪飬ԣûѯȥǻ˵ε¼ͷβûаŵ˵˳
ʲô˵һˣƾһ壿
հ৵һ¾վ㵵ľʵ
û
ī˵ͷóһöָĵݵϣЩȻ˵⳥ÿһԴʯ㡭
£ȫ㡣
հ첢ûöָǴЩο˵š
ҲһŵԴϢ϶Ҳһӹȥ
ΣѾǺܺõĽˡ
ЩԴʯָǵĳȻ˵Եɡ
հ̾һֶ

īӦһû˽ָհĿ⣬ֶһ硣

հ˿ʵˣ˵Ǹƣʱʹõʲô

īҡҡͷ˵֪
ûмͬû˵żҲûмйĴڡ
ҲŪףƾǴŪȻκιߣôշģ
ϸһ
հֶ˵

īӦһȥЩһƬأǣȴңԷֻܹһУ൱ˣҲܹӷһǿߣܵĹҲܹߡ
˵꣬˿ͷҲ˺ˮ
ֶ̫ˣΪֲĶܹɳĻԻΪµ
ֻɣߣ
ÿһõհ𺳣ȻҲԸڣǣīûжԼѡ
ǿԣҪȥԴԿ
һˣһ塭
һ뵽ȥհǱһ鴤
ǰδй׳ٰңԶԶǿ̫塣
СӣѾɳزˣ
һĨп
Ź˼ʱѣǸʱ򣬷Ƥ´ͨһϵģڣȴѾﵽϾ磬ңƿôһǿ
޷󣬷ƾôġ
ԼŮ۹⣡
ͻȻľһͷҲһĨЦ⡣
ΪĸףȻϣԼŮܹõԼҸѡһɾĶ
ǣʵ츳Ҫһƽȣǿˣ⼸ǲܵ顣
ǣôɣ½ôһˣһƽӹˣڣĳɾͣѾòԼĿ࿴ˡ
۹⣬̫ˣ
Ұ
հ΢΢õһЩ½
ҲΪ֮󣬲ǰȥ̽ġ
õϢ𾪡
üһҵĴƺҲΪΣֱٴγ½۷塣
֪ҪϲңǾ޿ܵ顣
ȥҡ
˼հ۾һǰīԸһǲ£ǣһĨԵõЦ⡣
ٴҲӲָɽ
ôһϵڣ£׾ٵ顣
˵ģƾƿֹ㣬κˣ˻ռŮ˭䣿
ЩϼһǣֽӴ֮Ҳڶӵķ˰ɣ
ǣ
īһۣӦһ֮󣬱˳ȥȥ

ͬʱ칬ҲͬһĻֻǶ󻻳칬졣
ڵ֪ƾŮ½֮ҲǾȵ˵
һ½߳ˣȻˣ
оЩ˼顣
Ѿ޷ֹһˡ
칬пһǰ洫µĻ
øԤ˵Ļ£
ܲףΪһµ棬ͻȻ䴫͡
ѵΪ
칬һ
ѵǰѾԤ֪飿
֪ˣ˵飬㲻øԤˣȥԴ֮󣬼ǵùϵ
˳Ƕ콻

Ӧһ˳ȥ
ʵֽҲԤˣ˫һ𣬲ܵĳЦ෴ģʱ򣬵õϢǣӦѾǼʵ۾ͨˡ
ȷûõϢĳƶˣڸп칬ĺˣжţҪô˫ľ룬ͬʱȥҾһʲô


994 ̹
ԴڣһΪׯ԰ڣһСͤڣ˵Ц̸϶ҸЦݡ
ط֮꣬ףǶǲԸٴηֿ
ԴˣҲֻֻ֤ҪԸ飬һ쵽
ǷǰҪ칬ӭȢŮһѶȵģڣ¼ţ칬Ѿûʲôɷˡ
ϾŮ綼Ҫ˵ġ
ʵЩ黹û˵
ҹĻ£ɫ΢ŨŨŮΡ
ʲô£
ҲϵЦݣģƺµ˷ƼҪ˵顣
ʵ뿪֮һû˵
ԥǽԼַʲô飬һһ˵˳ûа
ǸʱҲ֪ںϲͬԣǸ׶ˡ
ƿЦ˵
Ƹ磬ǽôˣûҵأ
֮⣬֮ûǻЩǵĶʵ
㲻
ƲĿ
ҵȻλ㣬ǿҲƸˡ
˵š
ȻǶôϣǸԼǣһѾˣ˶ڳ·飬ѵ˵Ҫ÷Էٶ
ǰλǺƸľˣôأ
һԵҲѹе˵
˵ûа⣬ǾǼٵģֻȴ֪ƣİԼģԣŻԼûаĽһиԼ
Ƹ磬˵ô
ߴٵ
棬뿪ʥɽа򡭡
Ƴ˳˵Լ뿪֮飬ŮһһէģҲףΪηƻܸǵĽŲˡ
ߵĸ飬Ȼ飬ˮ£˵˳
߹¿һСΣŮǱͷᣬͬķģ˵˱Ī˽֮󣬶ҪһҪνӻ
Ը˺ԼҲԸȥ˺˵ŮӣҲĬˡ
ᵽˮµ֮Ůǿ޵ϡﻩģһҪˮ¸
ǿˮ̫ˣƴӻعճҲˣ󣬻Ϊ
ˮµ˽õǴĵ޷ʵ
ǣƽ˵ŮԹĿ
ɷϵģ磬Ҳ߲һҲò׼ԣô򵥵ͻһϾ硭
Ȼû˵ǣԼѭ֮
ⲻ˵ȻܻӰ쵽Ů
ΪмǣԼİ£ͻƵһϾ磬ôʥҽʥأԼǿѭҲԲֱ
ԣҲ˵һֱĸǡ
ᰵ£ս촫У׼֮
ÿһ¶ǸıԼ˵ת۵㡣
Ƹ磬´һҪסںϲͬԵʱһܺİŮһŶ
ЩĹĵĶ˵һ˫С֣䡣
һȻԼĸǿ벻̣ڲѵԺһׯ԰װˣ
ᣬԲˡ
Ʋź֤ţ䴫ľʹõסǿţŮ϶һЦ⡣
ǰǻô´ںϵʱ򣬾úһͿˡ
һԵȷſ֣Ȥ˵
ţ԰
ʶӦһ䣬ţǷӦ˹ʱһʱߵͨ죬ջƣ㻵ˣԼҪͺƸһ𡭡
Ŷ
ЩЦʵѵþͲҪͺƸһ𣿡
밡ǣҡҲˡƸǻҲǻˣ
׷£ԵЩ״Σŭתȥ
˺ˣҲãǻ˰ɣ
վ˹ȥᱧĽ˵ţȵϢõǰĲԳһССļƤ
Ĺ£ŮȻвǣܿľͳ˽ȥŨһϵǳ
ɽԼһʱڹ˻һ룬ԣҲųȥټԴԴ¡
ΪҪƣ
㹻ǿƣʱԴη䣬˵㣿
ԣЩӣׯ԰Ůһ𣬸ŲͣЩʹҲ⡣
ƹӣһΪĹ˵Ҫ㡭
һ칬ӵԶԶĶСͤߴ


995 ˵Դ
ĵƲûж⣬ֻû뵽ô졣
ȴǺ£٣հԼѾĬˣΪѾǸʸռҵŮ
ֻǣȴ¶Թɫ
˵ļŮУΪʵһˡ
Ƶĸ֮Щ·ƻᱻߡ
ϾѾ˷֮ʵȴûߵһ
ˣôȥӭأ
С죬һƿƣԹĿ
⡭
վΪѣֱͷȴֲ֪Ӧô˵ֻȵĿ
˺ˣãͱΪѺƸˡ
˿һۣǰο
ȻҲܼʣǣľѳۣô죿ΪҪͷһҲֻѡˡ
Ͼİ˷ƺܶ࣬ûܾûڵķƣᰵʱҲɲǸԼ޷
ԣ磬лһݸм֮ģܹദʵӵôһΪԼİĽãҲǻ¡
ߣһȥӭӡ
Ȱ˵һһͬŴȥ
һģΪ֪ԼҪʲô
ŮӣǷƵ÷ͺ˵ˣҲ׼Բƴīͬ
ʱһڿڣ˫ֽһ˸ĺǲһֱˮ
ܺ£Ůָô죿
λðɣ
һŲһ𣬾ע⡣
һ̧ͷǿòԼŮվǰԶ
һµĹˮӯӯˣǣӣĹ񹤾ɣһΪĵɫΣչ˳ͬһʢѩһ㣬ţͬ飬ЩĴԼˮڣȻ¶һЩ֮⡣
һһԼһ°ȹȻ¶˪ĿƵϵʱ¶һĨǳǳЦ⡣
һڨڨŵǵķƣǱֱˣվӭȥ
λ㣬á
һЦǴкã÷Ľý
һ仰ʱ£˫֮ľ롣

۾Цȵ֣ҺҲӺƸ˵ǵ飬ãлԺƸİ
ŮˣϲûôһȥŮĵһȥˣǷƱӵһߣʽ

ǺദûдƲ˿˲ͷϵ麹˹ȥ
죬ʲô֣ııȥ
ʱתͷһۣǵ

һȻĿٿĳϷЦݵ磬Цųȥ
㣬ͺƸǸʱʲôо
Ҫ߳ʱʻһͷԵڵء
߿ߣûʲô£
תͷʱܵŮϣֻܼβͳȥֻǣȴǹһĨЦݡ
ˣˡ
֣
߳ԺûԶƱǿӰڽס
֣
Цݵ˹Ϊ
ε¼ȥ֮󣬷ס칬ݣ󳬷Ҫĸ
ԣʱڣΪƱеĺˣõĺôȻ٣ԣԷȻҪӵĿˡ
Щлֵд
ҲЦݵк
ӦõģӦõģ
˵֮õ飬ôܾܾأԣЩǼǹŵģȥˡ
֣мҪ鷳㡣
һ֮󣬷Ʋ˵¡
˵
΢΢һЩЦݡ
ģɵõһԴԣҪʹҷ
ǴһĨЦúɵ˵š
ţ
һӻûзӦЩ㵵Ŀ׷ʵֵ˼ǷԴ
ǡ
ҡҡͷĪĿ£Ц˵ҵõһԴҸ˵ԴֻǣҾһ˲Ҫô࣬ԣҪЩ˷Ҫ鷳ȥ֪ͨһ£Ȥģ롣
˻
һǿѹе𺳣˵ͷˣַģһ֪ͨġ


996 
һԴĵطдȺԴޣΪԴޱԴĵģԣҪõԴǾҪΧԴ޲С
˵ԴĵطԴ޵Իᳬλ
ԴޣһǿߣܣҲܵס
ԣҪõԴԲһܹġ
һ뵽ӵеǹ˲ͻˡ
ڱ˵ǲܵ飬ǣڷ˵ȴ׾٣ǹڣһԴȺʲô¡
ͬʱҲ׷ΪʲôҪ
ѾµˣӦþŮ½Ǹˣ
һܹԵһԴ
Բܣ˵ԸԸ⣬᲻ᰵʹֶΣ˵ԴԶ϶ƵļԲ߱Դ
ΪǺɽʮ۹Ҳͬ߱
һͷԴޣǾ൱һ֮壬ʵ飬ʮ۹ּĵܹжٸˣ
ԣɵ飬ǳϲһʧĽС
ǾԵģΪҲǸȡѡ
ֳɵĶ٣ȴƿڷƵУΪƿǹأ
֪֪Դģ˭ܴ룿˵壬壬壬ּĴҲ첻
ԣ콫Ϣ˸󳬷˶еʱ򣬲΢˼һǶ˷Ƶ⣬ʱǶһǽϢ˻ȥ
ּ飬ɲܹģҪ󳬷ƶ˲ܾӦô
ΪɲһԴ飬ϵĺܳԶһǾֻҪǳʲô飬ôȥ
ѰԴѣԴѣǣƬص£㲻Դ缸һЩΪԴѾڶˣ

ټǰ飡
īհ㱨Ϣ֮հֱվ˵
ǰʱռҵϹŶǶǱ˳
ǲûκαԹΪǶֻҪּᣬǶǷش飬ȻҲҪǰˡ
ī㽫λ˵һ¡
հ峤λϣվһԵīԸ
ǣ
īĵͷ֮󣬲ԸλŵϹŶ˵λϣġ
ԭίȫϴ¼ʱһϹŶȫˣرϣϾһĲ˼顣
֣ǣΪʱƿǸΪ̵ӡ
ԭҪ׷ʣǣհɨһ۵ʱѹѾӿʡ
ΪϴεҲհ峤Ϊ飬ἰ˿
ȴףƣ֮ǰǸƣпͬһˣ
˵ǽзƵСһ˴壿
һ϶ƵϹŶĿīŻɵʵ
û
ֱ£ī˵ͷǽһ˵ǰҲǧԴʯʱϹŶ˿
Сһﲻǿİɣ
ٵֶΣõϹŶǶΪ֮Ȼ

жһɿ⡣
壬ǿûʲôøС
ٵĺãҪң÷Сӻ̫Сˡ
һĽеƺԷǺ⡣
ıԹϹŶûбʾʲô⡣
ΪһЩǿ߷ܶεĳͻңǿȷ̫ˡ
Ѿˣպ϶һԣֻҪߣⶼûʲôϵ
ߣΪռҸ߲˽⣬ǣƣīȴǲʱҲǵǻᴥߣԣŲʨӴ󿪿ڡ
ʲô
һϹŶüͷЩյʵ
⻰һʳϹŶǿī
ȻǵҲûҵֽļء
ûἰ
īЦҡҡͷ
ʵģ϶ڷƵܣô˼أ
ʵΣ
Ĭǿʵ
ôѾ峹׵ĵˣԺ󡭡
ʵǿɲʲô¡
ԼʮңϾ硭
īʵĻصûʲô
ԡ
ϹŶ΢΢˵ͷ
ʮﵽϾ磬ǿҲʲô飬ֻҪ㹻ĵʲǺܲ£׾ٵ飬ԲûʲôԽܣ෴ģǻãΪβأ


997 ѡ
ϣΨһһûоģˡ
ֱ𾪵Ŀɿڴþ˵
ۿƽһϵ˰Źȥã
ٴɻ󣬾ĸƣ
ңϴͷ˫ҲĳΣðһֹҲδ˵
ôģ
㣬Ҳ벻׵һ㡣
ܹвһǿߣΪλ᳼£
ΪȻǣеͰӵеǺԣ
䲻ٴοʵ
׼ԡ
īԥ˵˳
ҲףΪһռҵ˻ӵ׼أѵ׼֮壿
ֿУͣ
׼ԣ
ڳ˳հ֮⣬ȫһ
ѵռӵܣ
䲻ֱѿʵ
ǣʱѯʹǣ˵Ƿҵӵܡ
īҡҡͷʵĽʱ˵һ顣
ң
ϹŶǿ˶Էڵɻ
ȿȣ
հһǵע֮󣬲˵ǳ۵ĺᣬҲ½ҵӵܣ
ûʲôģЩϹŶֻҪ˵飬ܿܲ鵽ԣֱ˵˳
ԭǳ۵ĺᡭ
ϹŶȻ
Ȼ֪ǳշ磬ֻǣԷҵȴ˽⡣
ǣɻˣѾ˳ɽ̨ܳµķңôһӵģ
īֱ˵ص㡣
ϹŶҪʲôʱհֱӶīԸ
˵õһԴҪ
īĺ˿Щ˵
ʲô
ϹŶˣһ۾ɵԲ
ǽټλǰ顣
հɨϹŶȻĿ˵ǳ׵ļʶʲô²
ϹŶܿͻȻˡ
īԲ飬ôõԴҲǺ飬ңǸ⵽ĺ⡣
ֻҪռķֳɴԺ󶼲ˣԣεķֳ棬һҪȡ
ǿ
Բе
أͲôźֳٵ㣬пܻᱻĨȥֳɵʸ
ϾԴƾʵõģ£ĨһķֳʸҲǲܣʱֻܳưͿңʧɾͲֹһˣ˵ӴԺʧȥԴķֳʸ
㣬ϳɾ˵׾еס
ԣΣֻܲȡֶȥӦ
ʱȴһ
֪ŲͬѰĹϵ
ȥ̸УǷƻܿԼռҲɣ
ֻǣȴǵհԼŮȥǸӵСӡ
¹شԣҲ˾
峤׼ôأ
ǰһֱûô˵ǸϹŶʱڿˡ
Ѿ˳˳ţĵλȴû½෴ģ൱ռҵ̫ϳϣڳ֮ϣȨԤ峤ľ
˵֤Ѿӣ
ҾãϣֻܲȡֶΡ
˵հǳһ۵Ļȣ˵ţõڳ϶ǵͷӦͬ

ϹŶҲ˵ͷ˵ԣȥ̸еѡ൱Ҫ峤˭ǰȥأ
ʱīһĨŹ֡
ΪΪ֪ѾȥԴˣ֪ڣһ
֮ƺ뵽һЩ飬Ҳ֮ԶԼ¶⣬Ϊʶ
峤ѡ֮أϣ峤濼ǣ
հҪ˵ʱվѵ
հŲӣԲŴԤ롣
Ҫĺԣ㲻ȥҲὫϴε˵ȻԳż̫ϳϵѹЭ
ϵģհ첢û߳ŭƽʾ֮հǿʼ˵ʵһѡΪռȡ档
˭
ڳϹŶʵ
ε̸УһС㣬һļֵԴʯǲòѡ
磡
հ˵֮ϱ˿
磿
еĹϵȴǲףʱɻĿհ죬ȴĽ͡
ڰǰȥһ½λӦûǵðɣ
հ˿ǻ˵
ȻǵãСѾͷƬͦǿġ
ǰǸϹŶų룬˵ͷǴһĨЦ⣬ȴǲСʧ˼ҩӰϧˡ


998 Ե
ǼöҩӲûʧ
հӹλϹŶĻ⣬Ŀ£˵統ʱ˵һˣǸˣǷƣ
ʲô
仰ʱͬǶһըһģ´˶ЩӦȫȻĿ
УҲī
Ȼ֪Ĺϵǣȴ֪νʶġ
óҩҩ䣬Ͽǲడңٶ켶۷ҩ䣬Եʱûʵ顣
Сڣôһλ켶۷ҩʦڣ
ԣǶǵСŮСʧӵĽڶѣûзϡ
ǣڴհ˵ЧȴǽȻͬˣңҪõӵˣעģ
һ׮ĪԵ
⾿ô£Ȼǳ۵ĺᣬôܳڵǸСأ
ǰǸϹŶûбϲͷԣǺѵԼɵĵط
ڼǧǰһλ˽۱߱ʧˡ
հ콫ԼõϢԼ̽һЩϢһһЩص˵˳
ԭô˵Ƶ治ǸСڣҲõ˲С
˻ȻϹŶҲǵ˵ͷ¶пɫڲ¶һĨЦ⣬벻СѾͷͽԵգգ
ʱڳҲ¶Цݣ档
ҩȻأǣȴҲòϣһֱţöӣڻģɾԶԶᳬһҩļֵˡ
ԽţԽֱ޲ÿڴЦһŹ񫡣
ԼռҰ
ʱīǳ׵һеԵɡ
Ҳѹ֣һͳԼ¶⣬ԭôһ档
ֻ
հƺЩֹ¶Ϊѡ
ֻʲô
ģλϹŶʱϵЦݣʵ
жһҲвʱգԣСӾȻϲ硭
հЦ˵ǰãСףұһ٣ʱҲڳΪ绤ʱҾѾɱԡ
⡭
һõֱס
ⷴҲʵ̫ˣӿʼԵڣôһ֣˼ҲԼռҾѾˣĻƫԼأ
оŻ˵ĺãʮӶʮĪ
һ̣϶ᵽŻľ衣
ţ
ϵĿ⿴ԼҲЦŵ˵ͷ
հ֮⣬Źȴ
ңҪأ
뵽㣬зࡣ
ǱԼϣԼǿһļɣ
Ȼ˸鲻䣬Ļ»ܹȵġ
ô
֤ʵ֮˵ʱǽһͰˮһϢˡ
Ҳܹհ죬ûڵ£ϷףҲ˵ֱӶñصĻܻɱ
ǣںͻȻıɻ£ܹܵˣ
峤ڴô
ʻģǰλϹŶ
ı󣬾հ죬ҲùĳΪڣ
ԭΪհֱϵ
ڼǰīԴڷǼϱҵʱҾ̸ˣڣѾȥԴ硣
հټ˵ţīͷ֮˵ҪĤֻܴӦҪ󡭡ԣҽҪҪλϣ¾νͬͬǽ
һŽƤ߸ϣõĴڶʱȥ
һѵѡ
ǲӦ˵ȡʲôпΪ飬ռһʧȥԴֳɵʸ
ǣǴӦһ뵽⣬вʡ
ѡǶǲҿڣֻܽĿǰŵϹŶϡ
СѾͷͬкøеĻǾ˳Ȼһֱռң
ϹŶ˺ܾãȨ֮£Эˡ
ռҵòԴʯĹɻµģ
ңհ֮ǰһУҲЩԷƵĸֻҲѾݵĺȻհôַȥأ
ʵ˳ȥֻҪǴռңʵҲûж
ǿߵĽŲǲͣĳһطģ
λΪΣ
ͷɨڳһۡ
ԡ
ڳҲûֱͬͨˡ
Ļհٴβźۼ䣬ͷīԸԷԴˣǵýǵ˼ת磡


999 л
Ϣ֮𾪵ĵȻֹռң󳬷һʮ۹ʥ
˻ϲ˳
ռһϲˣ칬Ҳϲˣʮ۹ϲˣǣʥȴǷˣ
ڹʥĸ߲˵֣ǿɲİǵ۶飬½ķңñ˴˫ΪУǲͬ
ҪԼȥֵôп

ʱĹʥɽʥ֮ڣһŵգеĹʥ߲㶼ǹǵããӰǰһ˿
˭÷ҿģ
ƮֱӰдιõӶһ
⻹治һĵù
Ϊ˭֪̬Ȼᷢչֵز
ڵĹʥЩˡ
ǵ۶鷢֮󣬲һеĽ֮ɱ˸жãҲڻ䵽ֵزˡ
ԴԴʯԴԻڷչеĹʥĴǾ޴ģ
㣬ڳôܻ᲻أ
ԣʥŻὫŭͷϡ
½ʱַһѷңͻȻͬпܻҽΪͬˡ
һ뵽Щʥоһҵ
ǰʥʹʱǼǵЩһȫͨˡ
ߣ
ƮƮӰ֮ڴȴشһ˵ļ䣬һɫҰףΪֱѪڵء
ں²ãӲһŲһ᲻ʮӴ˳ֱվڹʥǰû¹
񣡡
Щ˻Ƶĺ˵䣬û̫Ĺ
£
֮󣬰֮ڴȥңһ˿簮ζڡ
ԴǸǲ½Ǹ
ӺľôʵƺԵĲǹʥĵһһ
ȷ½ҵǸơ
ʥдһĨϧ
ҪȥԴ磡
ᶨ˵ĶŹ
ΪΣ
ʥüͷ΢΢𣬿ʵ
˵´μʱ򣬶ɱ
˵꣬Ҳȹʥͬͬ⣬ֱǳŲȥ˿¹ʥή
ϴγ࿹µǸӣͬʱʵǹʥʥӣ
˵ʥӣʵ˶֪ǹʥ˽ӣҲΨһĶӣҲΪݣʥܹȻˣֱˣ
ɱ⵽ǸĽ֮
Ʈһ
ȷܹɱ˷ƣôǰͲǽˣֻҪûԴڵľƾͻǻָԭһٴѰԴʱ򣬹ʥзֳɡ
Ҫɱƣȴһ׵ˣ˵ģ칬ռң;Բķ
һȥˣһҪȷһʧ

Ż䣬Ӱӳ˴

һжڽţɽԼҲԽԽڵҲЩ΢
ǣȴ˿Ӱ첻ƼΪҪˡ
ǲ棬Ҳ֪ЩԼʲô޷ǲҪڷֳɶռԣһ˲Ȼǵĺôʱֳǲƫ̻ռң칬칬ˣ
ʱ֮ڣŮһѣǵľ׽һˣ⿴ֻ߽춼һ
ֿʲô£
ֱӶŷʵ
мҪ鷳һ֡
Ц˵
˵޷
⻰첢ûа㲻ͷ෴ģϵЦŨˡ
ҪƵĹϵԣ˵֮õ顣
ģܷ칬ѩһˣ
Ƶһ仰ʱõһŵֻ۾һ
ѩࣿ
ǲһֻأĳһЦԼĿˡ
Щ飬ϴζҲصʦӵһЩ顣
Ȼû⡣
˵꣬Ըȥ칬ڵıݣϢ칬ĸˡ
л
ߺֻſ³ɬۣһĨм
һɱ֣һɱллĶôңԶһʣȴõˣҲһõ
һﾹȻ˵лл
ſС죬ޱȴ㵵ĿǼʲô˼һ
һʱϺԼ˵һ䣬ĸıǾ޴ġ
֤ʵˣѩĸ֮


1000 
Ůһ̨Ϸ⼸죬ŮһֱһģƲһߣʵġ
˭һմǲݵģڽѾˣȻȣҲϣһڸӼλˣԣԤС
ֻأԴѩ֮һԼԺһֱûֱ߳÷ƴûģɫѡ
ԴĳڣʵҲûʲộ඼һЩչԴʯģǧƪһɣûʲôͷ
磬ǳȥɣôˣһûмʶԴ޳ʲôء
ڽͷĹһ飬ŮЩζųĻҰ
ΪзڣҲӦţзڣԲʲôΣգǣһͬ߳˳С
ߣ
Ů󣬳˳֮󣬷΢΢ͣ٣һĨâһ䣬ʲôҲûзһ첽ȥ
ͷԴ޺ѼģǣȺӵԴȴǺܶģ˼ʱ·̣һɽ֮ڣڵԸԳļԴޣԼʮͷƺЪϢ
Դ޾ͳģ
ԶԶһۣЩʧ
żԴ޵Ƿǳ͵ģֻǣʵĳȴǲҹάǣʵȴǲС
ʮͷԴޣӦûкܶԴʯɣ
һ뵽ԴϵԴʯ۾ЩԾԣתȥʱȴǷַվ
˵´μʱڣ
ӣһһ֣תۼ䣬ʹԶ˽ǰվƲһ׵ĵط˻Ƶ˵ţɱȻ
Ŷô
ĵƺûиеж⣬ǴһĨЦ⣬ζ˵ʵҲô˵
ӣҲûҪֵ˼ܹµӣ϶ǹʥĸ߲㣬ҪȻôܶǰĹ
ŮĪȴûгվ󣬿̬ķչ
ߣ
Ʋûη֮ɫƺһɱ⣬ģһɹɺ嫵ƱʹھϯΧĵйιһһԵĺۼ
¡¡
ûκεıںͬˮˮ˳ΧĿռ䱻𶯣һаֶĵϢŻ꣬޷ƽŮǺܲ˼Ŀ
Ϊǵ֪ɫҲ
˺󡣡
Ƶ˵һ䣬¶һĨ壬˲¶˳һսڳ
ףǳּ֮֮ںϣҲ޷⣬ǣʱͬʱˣ
ŮԷƶģ˵һԣûг֡
ãˣ
վڸߴǿԶһȺڵԼ˹ʱɫ
Щ˴綼ǺѰ·ˣðһǣôĳԾǱĿġ
ĿǰʽǾԲԼˣ
ȥԴ󣡡
ͫһһɨȥҲɫ࣬ǳŮ
ԶЩڵ㿴ȥԲǧˣпռ츳ܹԱǣŮȴǲУȺǸ޷
ûϵ飬Ȼ֪ʥڳнפǣĸ֪£֪Ű˶ѣڣȴͻأðô࣬ԾΪԼ׼ģ
ߣ
ϣǳԴȥ
ΪҪǰȥԴţֻҪͿԾطЩȫ£
ߣǽȫ
ȻںڵƣΧĿռ䶼Ǳһۿɼֻһ죬ںڵĴ߱ʹռ¡죬֮ѿľ٣źƥƣֱӳŮϮȥ
ɱ
һĨâ֣ɱڣǳ֮׼֮ȫӿ췣ս֮Ϊâ۳һɫ˸ŵ绡ľ޽ֱӳŻĴնȥ
Լ
һһƬڣûй㣬һֱֻһ˦һ޴ĺ˦ŷ
ৣ
һ΢ƿʧԭأ㿪ߵϮɱٴγֵʱ򣬱ǳߵĲ棬еľ޽û˿ͣٵģֱն¡

ɭĻȻ䣬ĻϢǸһֱӾͽնϣŮûк֮ǵߡ
ôܣ
ǰĻֱסˣЩԼ۾
⻹ǵԼмûз֮Ǹ


1001 ս
ӣǹʥʥӣݳߣϴµ½ȥҲһʱȤ
ǳϲ˺Լǰĵģ
Ȼȥ½Ϊѹ۷壬Ҳѹ࣬ǣ½Ҳˣ
ǣȴһƵò¶ԼʵǸʱо㾳ȣҲܹĻɱƣ
Ǻܿϧ½
½һǳĵطżϼأйսʱ½ˣķѣѳСռ䡭ڣһɼǿɽ½ȥƽ⡣
Ϊλ涨ֻг˽һЩ
ʱǱǸרżܵˣǿƴ˺ɽ磬ԣնɱơ
Ȼʱһֱڴƴ壬ǣȴʵһֹԣ÷ƱʵԼĶ֡
ڣǱɫľ޽ȴףǰӣѾǵǸԼ׸ˡ

ŮԶȥƲ˿ɫڷԵ绡ɱӣ˿ռ䣬һŭһ㣬ǰԶڸˣоɱ⡣
ʵģЩǹʥˣңӦǱԴܳʱˣװ磬ӦǹʥɰԴרɱԴ޵ˡ
һ򾡣
һĨâǵĮĿЩˡ
ǰһǧˣȫϾ磬ԴڣܹΪʥĲƸ
룬һʲСĿԣʥܹӵвʮ۹ĵ̡
ԴʯǾԲή۵ģңԽԽΪԴڵԴڼ٣
ԴףҪһԴҪ޾µĻ۲УԴʯļλ֮ĹʱڣѾǷ˺üʮˡ
ʥӣ
֮ߺ죬ƺƵ쳹ϢԶɽڱѵļʮͷԴ޸оԶӶȥ
ɣ
ӲûǣֱӶŷ˵š
һժԴ
Ƶ˵ţа
֪
һ˫֮ͫھ޾ڣɽʯʴһСһеĶħһħ죬Ũޱȵڣûκι󣬾Ҳ޷͸ΧĿռǱʴġꡯ죬ܿҪܲסһֳһư
ȥ
Ŀ˫ֲϵӡ۳һͷ׳ַԳ˫ͷߣЯаϢգŷƳɱ˹
ɱ
ս죬˾һһɢɱŰϾ޽׹˸ΡȻ壬ֱӭ˫ͷߡ
սһҪĥ˶֣Ҫģ
ʱǵΪԼսһĵʯѣ
໣
Хҡҷűˮ׻Ҫ׳Яžħֱײ˹ռ䵴аϢӿȥĸ꣬޷ƽ

޽նһͷ֮ϣûֱնǷǽӵ˻ǣõķƵֱ۷飬ѪоȻæũҩϵҩת
໣
߰ףǻһʮֵһͷſڣŷҧ
ৣ
һʧԭأһգۼ䣬ǳھߵĳߴ紦еľ޽ֱն䡣

Ľܹնɱ֮ľ޽ȴκβħߣϴķõķؿڷơ
ħԾͺܲһ㣬ַƴδʶа۶ɣԸʴһУÿһεĽӴƶܹĵ
սΪâ췣Ļһնȥ˵Ǹ˺޽ᱻֱӸʴ
ʱڷڵСĿ͸˲ϣԶӣתžâɫƺЩᡣ
ϴγʱѾɹˣǣǼһȥ鿴ʱ򣬲ûзʲô˿
õͲˣǰӾǴģ
ǴεĴңɼ£Գ֣޷ѹǶǣȴҲ޷֮׵Ĩɱ
ʱôֿ꣬ʼҸȼ
һ뵽ǶĿ̶ֲȣüͷĸˡ
ǶɲܳȻһ޴ѣʱûֹܹ
ƾǸӸֱ޷ţԼħܾȻκβеǱ޽ʲôǱ޽̲صԼӵеħܣ


1002 Ϯ
˲
һԿ֮󣬷ͬʱͷ
ǶǼʶ˶ԷǿжΣУҪԷɱ
Ҳ֪Ⱥܹܲɡ
һžߵϮɱһ˼š
Ŀǰʵնߣʹ޷Ƴӵķ޷ɱ
ԣǽͷȺϡ
˵ֻҪϴڵȺӾܹɣǣܹȷаǲ췣һ⣬ˣǾʹˡ
ģѵֻһ𣿣
ÿμֵʱ򶼱Կռ츳㿪߳ŭŭȵ
ޣûͻʥ֮ǰް취ܽռ䣬κβǰһ
ǣ
һǴһĨĵһۣŵ˵ͬĻҪ˵ڶ𣿡
Ҳеһ֣Ϊ֮޵ʱѵ˵ʹÿռ츳
ʣ
ð̣˺ȥ׷ŮģֱӴɱǣ
ʥӣ
һǧ˺ȻӦһˢˢŮķ׷ȥ
Ծڱȷƣ

ưһһʧԭء
ܹռ䣬ŮȴУԣŮʱС
ӡ
ٴδռʱ򣬻İɫӡغռ𶯣ͬһĴȫȺ¡

Ⱥ쳹𼸸ţǧͬʱ𣬶һУؼããһƬһֻֻӡֱӾͱûڡ
ЩԾǾѵģȹӵ츳ķҲ޷ŵķֻܶܡ
ģ̫ˣ
żȴԴҲûиõİ취ˡ
ʱϣȺˡ
ŮٶȲзһֱǣԣһֱûб׷ϡ
֮ĸյ˷ƵԴ֮˳ֻһСֱӻŮĶǳӿŵĺˮһ
ԣʥȺ˿Դʱ򣬱ǿƬصĴڡ
ʲô
ۼ˱ǿƬԼڽӽĺɫʱ
ѵǴŵе
ܿģǱ뵽˷ʱǸš
ǾһƬأ
ǰƬأǴŵеһģһ

Ĺǵص£ȫǺƬһۣںҺһĽȴֺܿںϵһ
ֶ
ԶӾͼһĻʱڱ¶˼ɫ
ʹţӵһܹκιһְֱŰɵ״̬ڼǧ˹ܹȻֻٶϻ֮ˡ
ڣ
ţǿһĻ
󣡡
ڿ֮һĽƬر۳һͷ޴Դ̬Ȼ𣬶Ĺֱ˽Ⱥ֮ڡ

̣
¡¡
ҽ¡쳹ϢͷԴ֮ѪֻҪǱģȫǱɸɾһ˿ΧЩѾҵĹǸӰ첻ж
ৣ
һ죬Ƴڸ߿ϣ䣬ɫĮĿѪȵһĻûа¶
󣡡
һͷ޴Դ޷ֻɽͷСԴޣ˽ȺУ޼ɵĽеɱ
ſڵڣ˺ҧǴһԶͷƤ顣
ʼգǧˣȴûһģ
ʣǶǹʥʿ
󣡡
һͷԴޣĸĿ£ԽȺɱȥ

ٴӡںٴ۳һͷ˫ͷߣ˫˻ҡҷֱӳԴײȥ
̣
˫ҵײԴϣֱӾͽһײϡãĽȥһģǣܿģΧڵҺٴΣٴȥ
Ļɫûбɣ෴ģȴ
ЩȻûбɱǣͷߣҲһĲûбЩӸɡ
Ǿʲô
ͫâ˸˸ֱǸԶŵںҪ֮ȴֻ޼ʵڡ
ԴµӣȴĲµӵепЩһģһּΪ


1003 սɱ
ĸ棬Դԣܹ˵⣬һʱӵеЩȴǲܹ֮ɣǾ˵ӵеĸһģ
˼Ʊͻˣ
ȻܹĸٶһһģƺҲ˵Ĺȥ
ֻǣȴǲ²ϵаģĸԴʲô
أĿǰƺԴʯ޷ġ
ʥ˾Ǵ
Դˣƺܲ⡣
ʥǱʮ۹ǿһЩѣǣȴӵҲ߱
ңܼȻŻǣȴĸ꣬ƺ˵ҲܸʴԵУ޷һѰ֮ġ
ڷ˵ӰȴǺܴΪһžԼᶨս֮ģֻҪҡǾͲᱻݻ٣
ֻǣڵȴҲκβ
۶ɵġɱնͷ˫ͷߣѾ˵ǿȲڡɱ
ɫǳء
ǰо˾޴в˾ǿУܹƾռ츳ռƣǣʥԺأ
ǲ˵ԼҪһֱ׷𣿣

бŷһŨŨĲʣս¶ֱɱһɱһ㣬񷢲
ûɱ˵ˣ죬أҲһ𣡡
ս죬ʱս⣬ȻʵʵĽңģȻһŴֱ֮ڣͬһֱӴڵϿ֮ϡ
̣
쳹ˡ𶯣ȴǴʹʹȴ˿ûӰ쵽ʱֻ޾ս⣬ϵɱһУΧɽʯľ٣һƬߣһƬǽ塣
󣡡
ʱ򣬹ʥҲѾĲˣֻʮڿĵЩʣµԴޣĸİ£Ⱥǳȥ
¡
̣
죬ػζ쭷ŰԲ֮ڣһƬĩյľڵһж飬ѿһ׵Ѻۡ
ʣҹ
ӵŭ𲻶ϵ쳹һħһͬҺһ㣬ȴ˸źڽâ˫ֿ˫ͷߣһͷͷԴޱˣǣԼҲײĲסĺˣɫʮֵĿ¡
ǣЩԴȴҲΪ޷ԣ޷شĴˣһʱ䣬Ȼֲ£
˾˭
ŮԶĿɿڴĿһĻ
ǿƾǽ嶼ˣڣȴһ˶ʰˣɼ˷ǳĲ򵥣
ڷֳУЩǡ
˿
ؼصţʱһͷͷԴͣסΣȫˣµ棬һƬء
ʱʥһǧѾͷӶҲˣȫЩĳɸɾ
ģ
дʱ־ֻţǰǿ̶Ѿ֪ΧкףԼӵôԼҲЩһɵʲôʣ¡
Ұ
ܿģһɴ̹ǵΣӭë߶Ⱦ
ͣ
ս£ƴʱһսһӳƥƣΧĿռ䱬һ죬ëǷ
̣̣
ڣս֮һ޼᲻ݵһһεĳŵϿףܹɱһеƣÿһײϿ϶ʵʵı仯ǺܺϾȻѾֳһϸ΢Ѻۡ
ǰսܹ֮ڳϣΣܵӰ죬ȻгϣңЧȻǿЯض־ҵĳǵϣֱҪ֮飡

һһɫľ޽ڳƬУΧĿռǱŷͬ˺ѵɱ
ɱ
һƬͨ־ޱȵļᶨž޽ֱӾͳնȥռ죬ռ䶼ͬˮһı޽Яžƣὣޱֱնӭ˫ͷߵͷ­֮ϡ

ͨŷ˳̣·ĴضˣƱͬģ͵ĹҲȥʱرһ󶶶ѿѷǧײͣ


1004 ħ
¡¡
ը쳹ԶþòϢɽʯľ˺飬Ŀ֤꣬һսķ
ʱбʣһ֣ս
һеս
ÿһεĶײᱻ׷ɻǣȴûаͣͣһһεĳɱȥ
ȫ޾⣬ɱһеĿĲݣ
Ҳ£ڵսٴηˡʡı仯棬ȫۣ
սһҪľвһеľģ־ģҪڶսвܽǿǿ
ͬʱڵս֮ٶԽԽ죬Ҿ߱ǱڵɱһеʶĵϿϵײһۿɼѷ죬ȥƺܻ忪
սһ
Զڷɣ૳
սһ˽⣬ԶŮΪʱȥսĹʱսһļء
սʥεȵսսأȥƴۣĹŵ۾һս
⿿ʲôս⣬ս⣡
ս£
˿̵ķƾ˿̣Уûа˼ɡ
սʤǰӣԼĵ̵ֵ֧£Ž뵽״̬֮ڡ
ģѵǷӲɣ
ÿһεĶײӶܵ˲СĳҲǷǳĲܣǷһķƣаЩȻ
ܹܵһһεײÿζڼӾ磬һαһңȣЩƿزס
˿̣Щɣǰһﵽˣǹ
ϴ£ţԼǲκˣǣʱƶѿˣȴûһңƸӵӿˡ
һҪɱ
һĨâ
ͬڷϸܵ˾޴в
ΪƳɳʵ̫ˣַԾʽĳɳԼһμʱѾˡ

ſͣһڵľ޳߱˳ڰգɢƣһɾ޴ѹӿΧĴش鿪ֱӱ飬˼ʮ֮
һԼ֮ľ޳ߣҲаףͨڣ͸Ĺ˾ãǾǾĵһޱȵĿ£һҲһıɵĴ
ң֮ڣģ¶һƺۣȻܲԣȴʵĴڣЩƺ۵У͸¶Ǻ֮͸޳ɢͳһ־ХһһСɽֱӾѿһۼȥҳ塣

ӻˮ죬Ȼ޳߶˵ҲǺɣ޴ѹõӶЩɢȥߣ˫󶯷߶޳ߣŷѹ䡣
¡¡
ž޳ߵƶռ䶼ˣһħƶһͬں濪ռ䱻һµƣֲƲģͻᱻƽһУһ··Ĵضȥĩһڲ׵ԨĲ
һ˵ħߣӵ߶ΪѣʱͺƶһɽһɫǵЩϡ
޴ѹѹȶǵû÷⣬෴ģսĶ޾սӿǱʶ£еġɱ͵ıǣԭֻң˿̣ҲͣͬսеɢܹɱصƣƥǳƵѹϯɱƣΪޣӰ첻жߵ򣬾һͬеʯ޷ݻ١
ɱ
һΡȻ壬ֳ־޽ѹֻ𣬳ž޳߳ȥ޾սΪɱһУͬˮۣϣڰУ޳޽ײһ
¡¡
߽棬һʱһԭӵըһ죬һӴĢڳ𣬵ݣ֮ϵƲҲɢȥһɻϢľϯ˷һУԶĸŮǲסĺˡ
ۣ
ײһ˲䣬ƵʱһѪҲǸƼһı׷˳ȥֽѪӿ
ͬѪĻǸӣ߶޳߱Ͳףҵײĳ˿ڷƣһεڵѪҺ䣬涼ǱʴһɢŻζð̡
꣡
Ƕ˽ŲסΣڷƵԺо쳹һͬ΢һ㶣һǿڡˡϵĵϿѿһѺۡ


1005 ħ
ͻˣ
šˡϵһĻһͣЩӦ
ţֻս⣬Դ˸û˿죬رҲǲ֪
壡
̣ƱͻĵĻϲûκԥģǳ֮׼֮췣۳һ׶ΣͬһתҵײѾѺܲϡ
ôôǿ
ȻǵѪȴǺķƣмΪŭ
ûϾȻܹܵס޳ߵѹ
ûֻѹѣ
ľ磬޷߶޳ܣʱǼҪԾ޳֮շѣ
ǣȴ֪սһµľѹ
սʥʥ׾ܹסĹŵ۾ѹУѾ֤ս֮ˣ
ֻҪƣԼܹɱһУսݽߣңԽѹȣսͻԽŨңۡ
ս⣬ҲҪ
սʥΪսһ̫Ѿûжĵ֣ܹѹˣԣսһŲܽļµزܳɵۣź
ȴһƵͣǣĵȴʮ㣬Ҳƾԣսսһ·ϵǿУǳΪսĵʯ
֮޵еĴڣһ֮˭ܹη壿
ԣڵ֪֮¼֮ڷоѾһ޵еӣţûɱ˵ˣ
̬ѵãսʥҲδؾ޵֮ģԣǵս̶ܳȣʵѾӽʱսʥˡ
Ҳ˵⼸ʱ䣬൱ڵսʥ֮
ҪǸսʥ֪ҲпԼôһĴ˰ɡ
ţ
ŭĵʱͻأģǸоӷڱŷһɱ֮ղŸΪ嫵ƣһͫ׶ʱ΢΢չЩҧгݵĴбĳȻͻˣ
вǴŷŭǲ𾪣
ִս֮£޷ֳǣǰӣȴܹһԼսһ߾Ȼֳڳ磿
ֱЩܲˣ
Ϊⲻ˵սʱ򣬻ûȫԸ
ʱ־ŭһ֮ˣȻԼ۷࿹ܷⲻ˵ԼҪǿ
ԲܣôܶԿҵܣ
ҡԴ˸ţͷһһԣܶԿҵܣ
͵뵽ȻȥΪǿƣϲԼԼѹǣҲκβԼĹ¿û˿ˣ
ڣоˣԼǽ뵽һУǱʶΪܹԼѹԾͲԼȴô£
ǿҵ
Զŵķƣ۾΢΢һٻ˾޳ߣɫһĨ̬ɷףǺܿͻָ
Ŀǰʵ޷þ޳ߵܣƾѹ֪Ѿκβ˷ˣԣջˡ
ɣ
ǴһĨЦɭȻ˻ƣħͺ
ͣ
Һ̬ȴ˸ŵں˳̣ͬ϶ӿ̸أΧĿռ䶼쳹һ̶ƿڱʴһ˵񷢺
ߣ
ĻƲһ
ףھѹԼ
ǻˣڵϾ۷壬ǾԱɣ
ǣȴǲ塣
Ȼʱľ绹ͣϣǣ츳츳ȴѾͽ۷ˣֻΪ򡮵ˡϿûȫ򿪣ԲŲܡʥѣ
ȻֻҪһѾʱɷʥˣ
ԣ۷壬Ҳ޷ѹ
¡¡
΢΢ӿʱͬɽХһը죬ΧĿռΪĵһۿɼơ
ħ£
Ӵһӡ󶯣Щںͷۼ۳һµħӰ
ħӰʮףںڣƺƴһ˫͸ֱֱŷƣ˶ɣаϢ˷
ӡ
ƿ±仰˫ֻͼȫעӡ֮ڣְɫе˸ٵƾ졣


1006 ֮
Ƿƴʱƣ
֮ǰΪûȥԣǶûźҲ޷ﵽ۷塣
ڲͬˣΪʱѾϾ磬ʵǿ̶Ѿﵽʵļޣԣܲ˱飬Ǻ޹˼ɵķӡ
Ϊ˿ٵ߷ӡܣƴʱź֮ڵȻּ֮ӿ룬ӡɢܣ˿ڶǸͷǾħӰ
Բܣ
۾Բˣֱм
Ȼܹܵĵ֧ĴӡѾﵽ۷ܣףΪϵܹӵ۷أ
ҵҪ㾿ڸʲôϷ
һ䣬˫ӡٶȱ죬ΪӰӡ󶯣ͷľħӰܸƥ磬һۿɼѹ䣬µĴزϵݣֱӳһϿȡ
ɱ
ͻأģ˫ͣһͣһ˫ͫȫڣûй㣬˻Ƶкȳ
ƣ
ħӰֽһһͷеĶħһצŷ˹ȥ
ҲǾĹֶΣΪӵĵƣ
ɼΪ˻ɱƣѾˡ
ΪԼҲԼʱˣΪŮڷ󣬷Ƹܶռ䲻սԣץסʱɱƣȻǾֻܽʥ֮ϣˡ
ӡ
ħӰϮƹϵֹͣȥӡֻֽӡ˳ȥѹħӰ
ƣ
ħӰ쳹ֽУһ˫ĴҪֱӽӡͽ˺ѡ
¡
ײһ𣬶ʱѣ쭷Хӡֱը嫵ֱӱħӰ֮ϣֱӽ֮˳ȥµ棬һڲ׵ӣΧð̣ʴǧٿס
ƣ
ӡ£ͷħӰٴδӳͬһͷħٴơ
ӡ
ƲϵԻźڵڵļ֮һɫӡѹħӰסǰٶȡ
Ҳͽסǰеٶȶѣƾﵽ۷ܵķӡ޷ħӰ
ʤѾʵƻҪӡ
ٺ٣
Ļ¶ɵЦݣзëȻЦɳƵǴ̶
Ƶ۷ʵȻһѣΪû㹻ʱۣڵļ֮Ͼܶѡ
ԶŮ״üͷ
һ۳ܣټѷ֣ӵо֮ҲС
ȻΪ顯ܻûнȫԭ򣬵ǣҲ˵ƴʱĲˡ
ʱȴӵѹ֮£Ȼ·硭
ȥæ
仰ŷжȥһ·ϣ׹˸˸죬Բ֮ӿײֹͬһϴ䣬ͬһ׵֮ܲ򣬻ȻκӰ죬෴ģƽڽĵ绡ֲÿһܹ׵ɱͬ׵ǿߡ
˷ף
֣ռҵľ˵۶ɣΧµ׵綼˵ɣӡ˵ЯŻصƳͷħӰͷȥһһҵǵħӰڽڰˡ
˿̣ûκεıֱ¶ʵȻǾĿֲƹϴεīѹΪհ죬ǵ׵̶ܳҲ޷֮ȣףǷҲз㤣ʱʵ޷ܵף˵£㲻ɱҲش
۷壬һģ
Ͼ۷ܣȫƾźڲŴﵽģⲻһּ֮ѣǼϸϾܵļ֮Ҳ޷֮࿹ʱȥܱ֮ضܹƴ
ȻһֱͲµܲ򵥣ǣʱܣǳϡ
¡¡
ը첻ϣ׿裬һԵȫħӰͷ­ȥֱըʲֹ
ȻǵħӰûб׻飬Ǳ֮Ƶķӡȴǿ̫࣬ǰħӰ˵ǰÿһ׶ܽҳʮ֮Զֻܲϵĺˡ
ôܣ
Լ˫Ѫֹ˫֣ھ벻ţз㵵ľ
ԭֻǴ׸ŮӣʱȴǻͻЩӦ


1007 Ѫħ
˭ռô˵Ĵڣ
˻ţڷԳѪ˿
磬ռ֮ڶ߻ܵĴڣռӵҲûж֪ʵʵģֻĺӵܲ˽⣬ǣʶģȴָ
ƶǵһμޱķ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
Զһۣǿ˶Էڵ𾪡
ôҲ벻ǽƺްƢŮӣ˵ǿᡣ
ĳ֣ʱʽת˵ĺϹ֮£ħûзֵأܣҲǳˡ
ϣ
Ҳͬʱֱ֣ɱӡ
ѩ죡
۴дͬһѩŮһΧƮ˽׵ѩÿһ䶼Ө͸һУ֮Ʈȥȴִźɱ

ŹϵĿھ£һλŮʥַµһۿɼĹΣޱߺ嫣嫺ǧء
⣡
Ʈָ򿪣һǼĹ˫֮ŷɱɱӡ
붯֣ħӰӶǵסѪɫֽ
ʱͷĿǻڵѪҺټںڵͬǵӳĶħһʮֵĿ¡
ģôܣ
Ŀ޷ǰʵ
ǰЩˣƾƬģʵʵǸԣŮδòݳƣʵȴһֱ˿ã칬һͷΪϧŵģʱȴչֳ˵ܡܹ׸ĸ򣬾ǷƲڣƾŮʵҲܹѹ
ر磬ֻһ˾Ͳ
Ǵʥףܷӳ£ҲԲܵ
õܴ
ԭõ֮һٵľãԼѾ޵Уûе֣Ǹ󳬷ЩӵҲûн֮ԣϴûɱ֮Żһֱڻ
ڣȴǳˣ
̣
һ쵱У棬û֮ڣѪھǲŭ
õŽܹɱôԼĬĬŵ˻ܣ
Ҫͳͳȥ
һĨȻſڣٴνǱħ˳ʱΧĴؾݣϯΧռ죬ǺһƺѾܲħߵĴڡ
˺󣡡
֮ܵ󣬷ƱǴŮսŨңͬ񽣼ɱһѹ
ھ޳¶ʱŮ;ƣĿ¾ʯҰףķƲӰ֮˲Զֱоûִѹ֮󣬲ͣԶԶĹۿųϵĶ̬
ۣ
ħҰգӳɢХĹֽҲ޾ڿ޺޳ߣһħһɢƥѹһеĴƣǿ߶ˡ
ǹڵѪҺڻɫЩЩħ߶ѹǲСĹʱѹЩΣסġ֨졣
µȥɣ
ŷ¶һĨЦһҧ⣬һھѪ˳ֱħ֮ϡ
ۣ
ЩīľѪħ֮һƺƺһ˸΢΢Ө⣬ʱХӾ޳ߵоϯΧأգͬһһµ˼£žɱ֮ؾ飬죬ǧٿףĿꡣ
꣡
޾ľϯһħɱһУǷ޾ս⽫ƵסʱȴǱħеľγ˺ۣͼҲסֱӸѡ
ϵ˺ۣ֪űħߵܣŲֻƶѡ
ľѪżģʵҲǷӳħߵһѣǣڶڷʾǿߣȴԶԶ㹻ˣ
ѵһ۱ɣ
־磬Ƹ޷ǰһħһħߣоǾȻ
ʥѾһ۱Ĵڣ½ֹ񣬾α۱ǾҲȵĵ۱ڲܷǣģ̲صܣȴǽȻͬⲻ÷ƻɹʥǷͬĵ۱


1008 ħ
ĵ۱Դ۾Ѫϸɣģһλߵļ£
ңÿһλ۶ǶһģԴԼļûдǸλۣ
ǣǰħǵ۱ĻǾǴʥӵ۱Ĵڣ
һһħߣ
̫ˣΪֲͬļ£ⲻ˵ʥֹλۣ
ضǾĿֲİ˴Ȼǿ󣬵ǣȴҲûгڶλۣ
ʥĳֹλۣǿɾͲˣ
ȻܲԸţǣʱ˿̣ƲòǰħҲǵ۱ˣ
̫ǿⲻ΢¶һĨѣѾӵ˾ܣҲֽһĸƣʵ̫¡
ûע⵽ǣеС򣬴ʱҲ͸¶𺳵ɫĿ⣬һֱǱħ֮ϣ
Ǹı
ܹĵֲ˵İңǰⲢһƷƷ
Ȼǳˣ
һĨ̾ϢȻһֱǱŻɵ̬ǣʱħ֮޽֮ġ
á
Ө˸ı۾

֮ڣȻдУȴûκλһƽ

ں֮Ŀռ䣬һεı˺ˣһŻµӴڵĿռ˳صĺĳɵͬͥһ
ˣ
һƵɽ嵱д˳
ʲô£
üͷһ壬ʵ
һﲻԵ޹ʵԼԷľͺܲһ㡣
ͷĵĹѾˣ
ƶִֿдŷ꣬ƺЩơ
ⲻܣϴβȥ鿴ˣӡûκɶĺۼ
һͷ
鿴ƨ
ֱֿŭҸղŶħߡˣ˵ĻĴ𣿡
ħߡ
͸¶Ȼ죬ⲻܣҸӦڷӡ֮ڣԲӳ
ֻ˵ӳˣ
ûǲ»ˣ
ʲô˼
һģҲһֲõԤС
Ϊϴȥ鿴ʱȻӡȥãΧҲûʲô󣬵ǣָоﲻԣȴҲʲô˿
һЩ֪ȥӽˣ
ŭţоǲޣֶĵĶһ۾˰Բ·ǾȻȥӽҲʲôö
ʲôˣ
üͷҲһĨӶ
ʲôƨʥˣҹǰǸԳǹļһĺᣡ
һ˿мƵĵ
Ǹһĺ᣿
һĨ죬ⲻܰϴǺǰﶾӷͻӦѾ˲Ŷԣ
ҿ˳
һ֮Щҧгݵ˵ǽйļһҲӴͷӦøԼµļأЩһͶ·ˣԾȥˣ
ͣ
ӿзһЦЩȻ˵ѵǻΪܹͷ𲻳ɣ
Цֻ¾ôģ
ȥѾˣЩһΪʲôҪٴȱǻûӣ֪ǹҲֻӵķݣԸȥЩͨƽաΪ˸ǼֱԣúõĽѵѵǲУʵڲУֱӶˣ
Ҿ֪ǼһﲻʲôöĶҲҵţҪͬķϲû֣һˡ벻ĺᾹȻ
Ӳ޵ĺһһĨѪϵĽ࣬ӦѾˡħߡͳˣӡѾֹˡڣѾûܹٴνӡˣ
˭˵ûܽӡ
ƺһСӡ˵СӵĳɳҶÿ£ңڲǰСӾȻѭ֮
ѭ֮
һЩ㵵ĵѾͻƵʥˣ
ƨʥףʱһ϶ѣһ꽨ľȻͶˡʱؤµǶסֻͱ췣ɻҽˣ
һϾѭ֮
΢΢˳飬ðһˣһԵѭ
ٺ٣²¿
дϷ֮⣬Щʵ˵


1009 Դ
ߣ⻹ò£ܹҲ͵õǼԶѣʱ򣬶˵ҲþǺ£
һĹرʾΪмңЩǡ
Ͼѭ̫֮ѵˣҪڶΣ̫ˣ
ʲô̬Ǽʵĺ˰ɣ
żɽڴ˳Ҹ㣬Ǻ£ٷ֮һĺ£
£
΢һ⻰˲ͬζһĨɻ󣬡ⲻܹܰҲӵǼּԶѡһҲʲôô
ٺ٣
дŵ⣬֮Ҹ㣬ǸСǳɳ֮󣬲˵ǷӡǼһǳ׵Ľ֮ɱҲпܣ
ܣͷǴֵطģҲܽɱСܹ쵽
⻰ȴǲţ
Сӽѭ֮µʱ֪˵Ǽˡڣ㻹ǸϽȥ·ӡϰɣȻӳǾͲðˣ
ߴٵҪϽȥ
ħ߶Ѿˣ֤ǸӡѾʴĲˡ
ٺ٣µķӡܹӡʮ꣬Ǹʱ򣬾㲻ɱҪûУ
ƺ뵽ʲôǺЦ˿⡣
ߣ
ɨһƽɽһ޷޲ֵ˺ռֱȥ
Ϊǣã
ɽڴϷʵǻָƽΧһƬʲôҲûзһ


Ŀռ䣬ͻأıһӣһŻµӴѷ֮˳һͺͺĴ֮ϣ⾼ͨһƬƺܹһһ㣬ϵɨĶ̬ƺҪЩʲôһ㡣
ȻӡѾûˣ
ܹоĵϴԼµķӡȻûѣѾʴһϸ΢ɼСףʱɫļΪѿ
װˣ֪Ѿѹˣ
ЩȻ³žһƬؼصš
󣬳֮ȴûڣɽûκε춯
ǲײĲᣡ
һĨ䳹ǵĻȣ⼫˿һҲ񷢲֮ӣĵǰҿиʹһߣĳ˵ġħߣ

ɭɭǹǺһɽڴ˳쳹ǧþòϢ
Ȼ
ɽһīɫһƬࡣ
벻ȻǷˡ
ɭдŲΪ⣬Լֲûжĵǡ
ʱ˿̵㲻ҪѪƷʴӡҲֻʱˣԣηԼĹƷѾûʲôù˼ɵˡ
ǲףģ
뵽⴦Цռ䣬ʱԭĿռڣһƬǸҲòֵ
ߣ
һЩм
ˣ
֣óһɵѹ˳ΧĿռ䶼ǱЩŤЩںīֱӱ˳ȥǱ紵ɢһ
ôܣôֶ
ɽ֮ڴ˳˷ŭ뾪֡
˵ηʲôǾֻһˡ֮
֮޾һУûܹѹ֮Ҳ޷ɱ
͸ԶĴɣ
˵ţӳɵ壬ǳɽ忿֮ЩںڵǱմ
ȵȣ
ĽŲڻˣޱżɽڴ󣬡㣬ȵȣһ𣿡
㻹ʲô˵
˵ţŲȴû˶ֹͣ
㣬ҳȥ϶Ϊ㣬ҷġҿԸұԴģЩһҪұԴҿԸҡԴˡ
һֱţӾҪɽϵʱֱǺ˳
ĿҲﵽˣͣеĶеૣԴˣ
ûҵıԴˣ
ʱ˿Ϊ˲ٱӡ˵ҵҲȻ֪ǲϲǣܷҵǿ𣿣
ߣ
ȻһȴҲûзϡ
ҵıԴˣֻҪ֮󣬾ӵҵϽûĶ֡
ɽ֮ڴޱջĵΧذȥ


1010 ĵ۱
ҵĲ㽫ΪĴڡ
ƻĵؼصþòϢ
飬ڳǽε׷ΪˣԲϧһдۣ˵ûܹܵջ
˸лɵһֱûӡɽ壬֤ԥˡ
ó
³ûа顣
Եȣ
ɭɭдһĨɲĵ⣬ţΧؼ˻ȥ뵽ɽ֮ڡ
ۣ
еɽڴ˳ɽ嶼һҡɽʲôĵһ޾ĹڲҺ
˺ܾãɽ֮ǰĿһеķɫ䡣

ƽ֮ãɽڲǴһһ֮˷һ
ţһöɢаϢӱǴɽи˳ڻǰԶ
ҵıԴˣֻҪڵıԴͻתһ
˵š
ɲٹһˣǱӡ治֪Լûгͷ֮գ
ûⶫ㻹ܻ
Ӳûȥöӣʵ
ȻǲģǱԴˣҲһܹ֮Ҳһӵֲܣ
Ȼ˱Դˣûһһ𣬵ǣҲûһʱǻָˡ
ͬˣңȥЩʳҪһ¡

Ȼӵǳ˽⣬ϰôʱҪ̺ܶࡣ
ͬࣿ
һĨĻȣ̧ƣֱӽлɵӡɽ֮ϡ
ˣ
ʱ쳹ɽһ·֣ɽâʢǽɣɫһֲɴݻٵӾ
㾹Ȼã
ĲҺɽڴž벻ʣԽԽɽָƽޡ
ҴûдӦ
ӵɨһɽ壬תʧͬʱߵģöڵıԴˣ

ԴڣħƵΧһжƽˣȥֹףΪһ޴ӡ
ۣ
Ǻ쳹Ϣõһħһħƺ֣ʵһɱһС
꣡
ǷѾͼ߷˼µĵزǵסʴϱһѪۣɫ԰ֽ
Ѿû·Ůһƾħ֮ŮҴ棿
ǵ۱Ļ
ϴŨŨĿЦͻأģԺһĨ⣬ˣӡ
໣
һХ֮һ貵Բ̱ͳϡ
ӡ
ⶫڵõʱŲǷѣȴѾͬˣѾ
ֽǿµģ
ҪǣõʱȻܹ۱߱񽣸ż
֤Ĳ
ˣ
һԲ̱ͱһɼ貵Ĺâһ·֣ԲڳƶϣֱϾ졣
໣
貣˸ϼ⣬ͬһͷ٣ƺ嫣ͬһϯܣʱΧɭȻħһĿռ䣬յһƬͨǱħɢЩҲ赲⡣
˿Եĸʥ֣ƾŭȴǷƽ˾
ȻЧ
һ߳ӡŸּ֮ϲѣӡʵµʶ
ӡȻ۱ѹ
ͨ鱦ּѾ߱Լԣһ߽׵ƱѹԷӳȫ
ǣӡȴûа㱻ѹӣǿ죬Ҷħ߿Хƺһ
Ķ
ԶӼĻݶҧˣһ˫ŭ
ϴξΪӡűƵò¶ȫ
ڣȻסԼħߵɱѹõ𺳵ױȣ
ѵȻҲǵ۱ɣ
Ŀӡ֮ϣھǲ˼ɫ
ֻһǳۣӵһ߱񽣣֪飬Ȼ֪ǣǰֵԲ̣ȴǻɣҲһ۱ֻǣΪĳΪ˶ѣȻزܵסħߵѹ
ǿ϶ģ۶䣬۱ҲһʥΪʱܹĥһУһֱû۱Ҳɷ
Ȼõһ۱
Ӽʵ۾ϡ


1011 ʤ
ӵһĵ۱ҽҲҪɱ㣡
ھɱ⣬һľ
ֻ᲻࣬÷ڳɳȥˣ̫ˣ֪´μǲѾԽԼˣ
ǰǲˣǣ֮ˣ
̶һʱ䣬ƾʹһ׸ˣƾеĶ֣ٶȣûܹӣ
һʱڣȴûʲôʵʵĽȣԭ̤
½ռķƵЩţи𾪣ɱȻԥ
֮Ѫħ
ɬֿڵƻĳȥ˱ͱһƬںڣ¶Ĺ󣬾һһ
ͣ
ٴҧ⣬һīѪҺ˳ȫħ֮ϣңȫڣǱħһͬʱҲĺήңûһ㾫Ҳûɣȥ
ۣ
һ춯صХΧĿռ䶼ͬһȥƵŮסĺˣҵ
ħھѪ֮һƺ۸˸ڹ⣬ǹ⽵٣أƬһƬǺޱߵĲңķңѰ˴棬㲻ѹշ˷

һâħϱŷ˳޾ƣһɫļ⣬ֱӳŷ֮ռ䷭ϯɱԶŮܹܵĵһɷס
ǣ
ƾ֪ʱǽڵǳ֮׼֮췣ͳͳ䵽ӡ֮ڡ
ˣ
ӡâʢ貴ۣ޷ֱӣһɹ϶ֲɣϴ¶˳嫺ֺ嫡
໣
ʱӡڳĴ׳࣬ƸΰƬһһƴ̧ף쳤Х𶯾죬ΧĹⶼĴѿֱɢ
ޱȵĽűһħľ޳ߣҲ˿ʾ෴ģѹ֮ϣǱ޳߻Ҫѷ
޳ߣηһҪ
ĺɫҡҷŴ׳žצֱӾץȥ㲻塣
¡
һըΧһжըˣڱըм䣬Ƭռ¶һۿɼѺۣʮֿ£ƺһ顣
ײһֱ̾ӱըˣ޴ĳӡ֣һ˫Ƽ飬ҲǸƼһ㱻׷˳ȥѪµأһ׵ӣ֪
ͣ
ž޳ߵ𶯣ֱӾһڵѪҺɫֽһĲ԰ףûɫĲӣڰնҡҡλεģƺʱܻµأħҲзڡ
Ѿάֲħˣ
ǣĿȴһֱڷƵϣǸӳ
Ӧ˰ɣ
Ǻȷ૳
ûŵı֣ΪȻƱ׷ɳȥʱȥѾʮֵˣǣȴûըѣԣҲҶ϶
ߣ
ųŷ֮ȥŮʵһûԥֱӳųеķȥ
Ѿûս֮ˣһھѪֱӾͽˣάּħҲỹӭսˣǲܣǾֻ·һ
ŮȴҲΪǷƣҲϾȥ˼ȥȫǴӵԱߡ
ǷҵһΣֱԣǲ㱻ˣѪũҩеڵĴˣһڣֻ¾ͻ䵱
ǿǵ۱һȻһѣǣҲڵܹ˵ģӡ˴󲿷ֵĳǵɫļǧٻء
ˣҲǻҹ˹
켶۷زҩԵ»ʱ䣬֤ܴ֮أΪũҩ䣬һ켶ҩʦεĻûмʱԲѡ
۾ʱ򣬱ǿ㲵Ǻ׵۾һĨů⣬ͬʱҲһۡ
Ůãɵľ˿
֪֮£ӳħѹŮпܻᱻɱ
ãͬҲѾûս֮
ϧˡ
̾һ
ûԣȫĸ潫ǸߣŮҲܻɱ
˵ʲôˡ
´μ棬ڣ
¶˾ģγȥ֮ͽʥҽʥذɽ磬Ȼʥ


1012 һɱ
ڷ˵ʧٵЩڲûķˣϾǳȥʱкңӵǵȹӽ޵еĴڣԣ˲ǵİΣһֱûȥעʲô
һ̬ս㲵Ůʱʱסˡ
ԴѵܹвǵĴڣ
Щţǣ־Բ١
ΪûҪ
Ҳ˵˲𣿱Ѫ٣ƫƫ
ѩֻصõϢϹʱ򣬵һ仰Ƕ˵ġ
ʱԴ֮󣬹ۿ󣬿һƬѪ⣬ͽ磬ǣȴûеһ¡
ȻڳڵĻʥ˼ҲҶ칬֡
ҲһھεģѩҲûй֣ǰο
ɫѪҺħߣ
ǸǱħߵ֮ѩͫ΢΢һѵǴ˵еġħߡ
Щܣ֪ǣ칬ȴǲ֪ͬ飬ԶԶҪڳˡ
确ħߡ֣˵ƣ죬ֻأŮ¶ɻɫǴδŹ
ӡһڼصУ
ѩǲ԰׵ɫԣǱħߡͷ
ӣⶫʲôУȻ壬ΪѪҺǺɫأ
ɻ׷ʵ
ǣѩȴҡҡͷ𣬶ǿƣ¶ǵɫ
ƵĳɳȻǷ٣ǣҲΪ̫ͣԿԵģϸ˵ʵûʲô˵ģ֮ڣˣȱȽǣľ磬ǻ֮ͬˡ
´μ棬Ҷɱ
ڴ쳹⻰ѩɫǻָࡣ
ӣƳŮ֮⣬һֱڵ
ܴʵ̫ˣҪ׵Ȭô򵥣ũҩ䣬ҩ޷ǱںڼɵĴˡ
ٹ̣һֱڸʴΧһУ಻ԣװû£ϵĲ̬ȴڸǲˣŮ֮࣬ȴҲﲻʲôæֻܸżרˡ
ũҩ޷Щ
ҹڴϣڵ״üͷ΢΢
ũҩҩȻֹܹЩʴǣҪȴ̫ˣΪũҩҩԣںڵҲһܹʴ
ԣҪ׵ȬĻƱ뽫ЩڣֱС
ֻˡ
ҩûжĽչ̾һֻѡһ취ˡ
ǾƣЩϳڣ
ǣĻɾͳսǰʹ϶ᳬͬںϵʱ򣬵ǣҲˡ
У
ǳ֮У
׼֮ҲУ
췣
־۶ɵɻɱһеĴڣĸҲһη塣
ںڵħ߱ŷģͬѰڣһħһΧҩ԰ֻӿȥˡ
ͣ
ڷƵĿ£췣Ľӽеһħ棬ϢϯʱħϵĹ󣬺Եľȥ
Ļ΢΢һϲ췣סħ棡
˸һɭ׵ĵ绡ħ֮ϣȻͬڽʯһ˻
ǣƲû٣෴ģǼӴ췣Ũȣ
ԭĸֻҪһħ棬Ǿֱӻᱻʴǣ췣ħȴǲʴ
Ȼħ沢ûбޣǣܹĵħ棬ڻıĥ
Ȼ췣ܹһУ
дϲ
ȻʱȺǣڵ췣ʱ̶ܳȴǲߣЩںڵǱħ߼ģߴʱĹϵͺñǾľһ췣Ȼ⣬ûʲôľǾⲻϵģǣںԾͲһľģҪϣҪʱ䡣
ԣƱǿžʹ췣һںĥ
ͬʱҲǷˡ
Լܹնɱ
ǳսУһֱնͷߣ޷ƳķһȻһǲĲɱ
ڿڱĥںֻ֪Ҫ췣ӣɱѣ
ʱǵʮ㣬ӵ췣֮Ѿûɱ˵ˣ
ڽӽɽԼǸӵǰ죬ڵǱ׵ˣƲǴӷ˳


1013 ˵
֣ļᣬԽǰйԴֳɵ
ڣƶԱߵ˵
Զķȥǣʱķң൱СģҪںɽ㣬ɲǼ򵥵飬ܻܵĴѹ̫ˣҪ̲
ΪЩìܣǾֻиǵͷ׻˵Ա˵̣ñ˵˺ôںܶ෽棬ҷ㡣
ҲǹԵ
ˣ
˵ͷ˾Ҳʾͬ
Ӵķ濼ǣǱһЩôģϾ壬һҲ𣬵ʱǷ֮սƾһܹ֧֮ŵס
ǣʥͲˣ
һĨâ˵
ţ
һ㶣Ŀ
ʥкøеģϾͱȥʥȷһ
ˣ
â֪֮ʲôһǻһ칬ӵܡ
ôһᣬıףηƼ˵Ϯֻ¾ǹʥģ
ȻʥΪҪôǣԹʥΪȴǸе
ɱ˷ƣ˵ûκκô
ΪֻзƲܿǹֻƾǸȥԴӶõԴ
ʥٶΪΣҪԴ
ʾǲ⣬ԹʥĺøֱӾɢˣңһ
̰Ĳ㣡
ˣϢʱ򣬻Ҫ鷳һ仰
콻֮󣬷Ʋ˵ԴҸ˵ģǼģô䣬˵㣡ΪԼܲ˵ģԲϯҲֵʡһݡǼ忪ԴȻǰԭЭ飬ҲԤ
ԣ
΢˼һ˷Ƶ˼ǽǸӵܣȥ
⡣
ԴҪԴҲҪԴʯҲùڵĵǣΨһҪģֻпԴʯѣ
ֱԴʯ˭ܲ⣿
˼Ҳ˵ˣԼҪԼȥһԴԼȥɣûԤֳɡ

ܿģƵһϯʹ˸ĶȻܶжЩʵȷ˼Ұ㶫㻹ģֱӾ˵ƷУҲֻʱֵ̫;ˣ
Ͼܱûǿò⣬ѡȥ˼ûǿ
ңҲμϵ
ȫƶԴķֳЭ飬ңЭȨڷУҪôľôģ
ʱûеõ֪ͨĹʥԼԷƵĿ飬˵ǷҲ壬ԴӦþ弯ģܸ⻯ȵһϵеɡ
Ҳ˲ҪҪƤˣûԴķֳɣǵĴǾ޴ģȻ֪ƵĹϵǵ˲޸ľأǣɻҪһ
ȴҲûôʱƣִǿɲƵ֪֮Ҳһ仰
ҵԴб£ȥԴԼȥ
仰ǶµĹʥû˵ҲǾȻ
ԴԴĽ֮һ˭ܲ
ȥˣûһܻ߳ʥԼȥ˵ǴеĹħ֣Դ޾͹һˡ
ʣǸܹӵǧ۷壬ӵм֮ˣ
仰ҲһֱŵԴڵظ¶˳
ȻܶѾйⷽĲ룬Դ϶ĳڣǣڵ֪Դ֮󣬶ǲɵĵһ
ǿһһǿȫĽ
رԴڵͷصħ֣һֱȴû˼ΣģˣΨһŵǸˣԷҲ˷ֲ١
ܿģ˻ɵϴηƾƬһ档
йߣܹһУﵽ˲ľأǷӿеͷħȴЩơ
ȷԴеͷħ֡
ʱ򣬷ֱӾͳˡ
ѾʱҲûҪȥˣϾⶼҪȥԴˣڵʲô˼罫Ϣ׳𵽸ѵЧ
صͷܹסܶ˵ġ
˻
첻һޱȡ
Դڵͷħ֣˿ʲô֪ȴԴû˸ˣ
޷󣬲׷ƾġ
ѾܷΧ


1014 һ
ʲôӣ˽֪ԣûԴޣڵȴŽĽ
һ磬Ĵ㶼ǳ칬Ժȥ
û֮ǰʢˣǴЦݣƽ׽ˣһ·ϣ඼Ǵк
Ƕε̸Э飬ǿǾԲеģԣɳĲһǿΪǣǺܻ˴µģ̡
ڣһֱûг֣кŸĴǳ̸ˣҲ˴˻ụӽ
ļᣬɲǺܶࡣ
ܵ˵ܹʸģԶںɽһλ
ǣģռң칬û˾ЩȻ֮࣬ȴЩҡ
ֳɣ˵Ǻ¡
ѵҲַˣ
в²⣬ȴû˵ҲûԼĿ
ϾҵǿӹɣͬΪʵĸҲԵ޹ʵȥǡ
ʱڵ˴඼СŷƵķҡ
Ƿżڲҵ˹ǳ۵ļأƺںɽ磬½
֮ͬʱʮ۹ҲˣʥһЩ죬Ѿǵ˲صĵز
ڹʥôһ̸ʲôøл񣬱ϾʥǺܻᴦµģûȥЩ棬෴ģвٵֺ֮ӡ
ô¼󣬹ʥֹǲֳܷɣңҲˣ
ʱ˭ȥӽʥǲǺͷƹȥ
ֱˣһӵȥ֪ͨƹ
ʱ򣬳ϲ΢İ࣬󲿷˶ֹͣ˽̸Ҫ⴫ܹһ˾ʲôģǲĳͷۡ
һЩ˱Ǽһӣ߻Ůͬ˽
ŮǧĲͬǣһ⣬ǰһž޵ӾڣʱЩٵ
һѩľѣӯӯһգηأ̬޳ĵޣѩƴź˪ʣͬһλѩŮһǧ֮⣬˲ҿ
һһɫȹȻģȥڼСŮȴЩʥĹԣԾϵŮһ὿С鲻ԽľͻҪȥǻ
һһɫЩİ˵˳裬֬׶üЦٻ͸һɵó󣬾һֻСȸһȴֽԡ
ŮʸͬʱȴǾۼһ˵ߣõڳԵжЩʣ۾죬ȴصĺܺãûֱӱ¶
Ҳףˣ
һ뵽ƴʱ飬ǵ˿ʵǻΪС
ŮӢۣ
Ůӣ֮ΧߣΪǿ
б£˭ȥһԣ֤ҲŮΪ֮ġ
˫ɡ
ܿ죬ϳ
һʱ䣬һɣõ칬ӵΪ֮ġ
ʱһ
ЩǷĵģΪֺ÷ơ
ΪŮȷʲô覴ˡ
磬˵ͱȽİˣ󳬷ˣȻ˵ȴҲûм˼ġ
ĸ߹ʣȴ˲С˳ϣܹɫ߰ɣ˵
ռҵˣ
ܵԵĲܶжʱһ
ռҲ±͹죬ԣ֮ƺЩʲô
ڿȵģʱжɵĴռҲҪ
ֱŮɫջ󰡣
ʱڳжǰûڲѡ
Լôû뵽أ٣ʱŮģҲֳɻתҲ˵
ֻѩ࣬Ҳ˲ٵĿ⡣
칬ˣ
ֱӾϳѩݣʱжǳ鴤ѡ
ΪҲˣ˭֪˼Ѿˣϵضܲһ㣬ηֳɣǿ϶ܵôͷ
ʱжǴңУӶˡ
˼칬ҲΪ˫ɣƲųפ칬Ժⲻ˵ֳɿ϶õĶ࣬˼ռң칬ˣ˹ϵ
Լôû뵽أ

ķƽҲվɨһΧ˵ɫڴЦǳ⣬ܵλλǽǣƣ


1015 
֣
ѹ壬ֵ
յüȻʵ
ж˵ŹάĻһһһһ˵ǻһˣͱȥˡ
ֻöѣ
ҲһЦݵǴкûб¶ʲô̬
һܿǣʵʲô˭֪أ
ңףܹվģÿһһȻɶڵķܹǵġ
ԣѣûֳʧңûСһˡ
Ȼһ򵥵ˣ
оȻڶɫ
һΪЩӵӦûʲôֻҪһͻҲӶܶûͷԵ顣
ǣǴˡ
ƵķӦǵ֮⣬ʱ˿̣ûиСǰӣͬʱжΪǵĶ
˵ģǣ㹻ǵˡ
˻വ֮ʣһ칬ӵܿٵĳ˽ϵ֣ƺ뾪㵡
ʦ֣
Ա߻
£
ɻĿ
ʦ֣ˣ˵Ҫֵܡ
ĵȴûлָһƺΪҷƵˣԣϵ˶ǽĿ
֣
һ㶣ǿơ
ǷڳſȥӭӵģƺΪʲô˻ʱΪ⣬ôһƺʲô˲õˡ
Ŷ
һϵЦŨˣΧ˹֣ȻżλĴ˵λһҪУ֪ɷͨһΣ
ģ
ԣڳüͷ
ûʲôѣҲûʲôԸѣԣѣǶǸо⡣
ǵĵϿƿǲŽԴ粻ðôϵˣ
ң壬ǶЩӣΪûĸ忴ġ
ģλҲҵС⣬ƱػĶʺޣʱҵǻȺ֮ԣһѡ
ǵķӦƲûж⣬ǽ͵
Сʱжɵĳ鴤һ¡
ǻС
٣ԴڣΪ޵еĴڣ
ǴʱעǷڷ˵档
ֹȺһ㹻
㹻ôѶ൱зС
ȻʱǶǱһݻɵ̬
ϾǿǴ½ģԸʵ˽ⲢǺܶ࣬ҲǿһǿôΪҲ˵
Ȼԡ
˼֮󣬸󳬷˶ǵͷӦˡ
һѣȷҲ㲻ǻ£ԴˣҲͬԼĹϵ
ңʱҲֳʲô
Ϊĵ̣
лλ
ƳһһֵлȻŮ˵ͷǸ칬ӵܳȥ
⣬һԿεŮվʳŮ·󣬸ĸĻƲڲʱľ⣬Ĵۣһ֪Ǽ򵥵
֣
߳⣬ԿεŮ֮󣬶ʱһ
ϴεĽ֮µɽݼΪڣǵλߣԣȻãȻе⡣
ҲףɽҪཻԲŻԸ
֣
ɽЦһӭھЦ⡣
ˣˣǷǳ˲õǰһ
ཻܹǲԸ
һԵֵܵˣˮرǿƵʱ򣬻ɫ
ԣҪ
Ҫ˽һ£Լŵĸ޲ڵˣжôĲĵλΡ

ڷƴɽ߽ʱֱӾͽ˵Ŀ˹
ڼԿεŮ֮󣬶ʱЩĴǸڶ¶ŵɫ
ÿһ壬վ۷ǼˣԶᱻ֪
ܣī
ǰΰӣǸϤ
ҲΪϤԣǲ˵š
λһ£λǰýʶѣɽ
ɨһȫȻЦݵĽܵ
ɽ
Ĵڼ󳬷ɫо֪˵Ĳˣǣֱ֮Ӿ¶𾪵ɫ


1016 
еһĲֵǣе˵֣ȴܹԵ𺳡
ɽ
ֻҪ֣ȫ
˵жôر𣬶ΪĶǲòӡ
ǿͲҪĽˣվˣǷǳ˽⡣
ɽԴڣĵһ֣
룬ʵжôǿ
ңҪǣҲΪ⡭
壬ʵ齨һ˵ڶԿ壬壬ҲͬУ˵䣬֮Ϊ˻ʡ
ͬģȻҲУɽĶӣ
Ժ˵Դڣɽܴ
ĵټϷ֮ǰ˵Ļʱõ
ѵ˵𣿣
ɲС£Ϊɽ츳ʵпܣΪһ䣡
ùϵ˵Ҳˣ
ˣôضù࣬ԴĶ̬˵Ҳû档
λðãҪ֣
ɽһȻ΢Цܹ˹֣ǿ˵š

ãԣмֵĵ
ȫˣޱȿĻ񣬰˸󳬷Ĵ
ԴȣǴʱǷŵ̬
ϾУһֱֻһõļһѣûеõĵľ塣
ɽȴǲͬһ壬ҲаӣŭֹǣԺ嶼ûʲôùӳԡ
ǵķӦõķһڸûԴΪ֮Ȼ
ΪǸɽݡ
ӣƺɽȷܹԴˡ
ʱд󶨡
ʵҪΪ˸л֣ÿܾԴˡ
ɽҲûʲôֱӾͽԼ˵˸ס
Դ󣿡
һһǻȻˡ
ΪƲǹƬһɣǾԴͷصħ֡
ɽôһ˵ǸףΪηƻʶˡ
ֻ֮Ҫиж֮ĵˣμģɽôҲ͵Ĺȥˡ
Ϊǰⲻò¶λƵĹϵˡ
ԣɽҪƽύԸȻǲһҲһġ
ǿĵ㣿ѵֻǾ֮ѣ
ЩͷЩ˵Ժ󲿷ֶǾ̾Ƶĺˡ
ǵҲûлͷ֪һлǽʵģϾûܹԴͷħ֣Ǹϣ˵ˣԼȥ
ֿˡ
ϵЦҲֿˣдŸм֮⡣
ɽΪôֱȻ˵ʱɽĺøǼ˼֣

ɽЦóһöָݵУ˵ҵл⣬ֿɲܾܾ
⡭Уˣ
ԥǽ˹˶ӣڳЦ
һԴʯȻ࣬Դֳǲ٣
ĽʵˣŮһۡ
ֻҪŮӣ˭ϲԼгϢأ
ǿһǶԺҲİ
˶ͷϷҪˡ
ܶΪɽĴڣüͷǲźۼ塣
ڣ˵ǸӵзˣҪô䣬ɵȨûˣǳΪ˷Ƶ˵㣡
λĿģҾͲظˣٴһ飬Ҹ˻õԴô䣬Ȼ˵㣬ģʱ
վ˵
⻰˵Ҫ֮ǰˣҲӣȻЩ񣬵ȴѡˡ

ȻǷƾԼʵõԴȻ֡
һվ˳Ӧ
칬϶ܹռͷ
ǰܹԴóƽ֣ѾǴˣô֣Ȼ˵㡭
⼸ĴȻЩʣҲվ̬
ҵû顭
ĳĴ̬֮Ҳ׷ױ̬
ϣǰĺгԭ⼸󳬷ҪȡƽȷģǼɽֺûаˡ
ʵҲǹѹЭģƣȷǵġ
Ȼλû飬ôҾԴķֳɷ
һɨȫжǵЦŨˡ
仰˵Ķֱð


1017 ֳɼƻ
Ҫָģɽֵܡ
ƲЦĶɽ˵ԺֻҪҸ˻ҵļõԴָɽֵܣĺ˰ɷֳɣ
û˭ģϵ£˭Ҳ²׼Ҫ뽫һֱԼսϣǾֻܸ㹻档
ңɽȻܹԼãԸԼˣڲˣ϶Ҳ顭ֻ棬Щ˱죡
ֳɣûа⣬ǵϵС
ҷˣ
ס
ʵ㲻ˣǷˣ
ΪģΪ屣ֹϵ˭ȥΪѷأ
Ͼôǿѣʱһ仰ܹ̫ˣңԴ˵Ҳʲôˡ

ɽҲЦӯӯվǿĶŷƹ˹֣˵̫ˣɽڴԺҽΪѣЭ鳤桭˺ôȻҲ£ԺֻҪǷֵԴҶפزһͣԱκ⣡
˻
˵Ļõ˲˿ˣ޷ƽ
ǿ䱣֤Ķ̫ҪˣһԣԳɵķֳɣ
лʢ飡
ƴϲǿĵлɽ֮ٴ˵칬칬ףԣҾԺֻҪҵԴͶһɷָң
л֣
죬ѩ඼վЦĶл磬ȴһֱŮ˵Դ˷ֳɣƺںһ
ȻΪԵʣѩףΪԼֻأʱжԷ˸м֮顣
һɷֳɣĿжԴʯ޷㣬ôװ׵ˣĽ۾ͨ죬ȴûκΰ취վǵϲ
һ֣һԴѾȥһɰˣڱٷɾˡ
ǳӶʹŤˣȴҪɴЦݣΡ
󳬷ΪԣҾԺҵԴͻóָʮҳ
ƽϢ֮󣬷ɨһȫ˵
ɣԵģΪЩùϵôģɷָʮңĿ٣ңǽǵݸˣ֤ǵġ
ʵ̫ˡ
󳬷ĴվЦݵƵл
ӣû̫Ĳˣͬʱо̾ƵȷǺܻˡ
ȻƲ˷ĻǽͻȻͬˣʮҿͷϲ˵п϶뷨ԺʹСֶΣǶ÷ҳԲ궵ߡ
˼Ҿ֣һᾴ˼һɣ˺ô˵ԺæʲôҲʲô֡
ڷ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
Ҫ𣬲£Ҳһʱ˵ģǿ󣬵ǣܲһС¾ȥ˼Ұɣ
峬ˣ
ɽнһЩ첻⡣
һʮ˽֪ƸղѾ㵽ȴûἰԼļ壬֤ļ壬ʮ֮⡣
ԴҸ˵ģȻҲԼļ塭
Ǽ˵ΪǵأҼٶԴʯҲֻܶڻΪЩԴʯܹﾡãҾֻһɷֳɣʣ߳ɣλԴķֳɷʽзֳɣʮ󳬷ҷңܹ϶ķֳ֮⣬Ҳֳ֮ڣ
һԼҪ˵Ļȫ˵˳
ȷģԷĿǰӵоԴʯôҲǺܴ󣬿ңҲȷҪЩΪֻ֧ԼһңȻһ٣Ҳڽӡ
Ȼȥɣ˵⻹ǿԽܵģܹǺˡ
ϾԴףֻҪɾˣֱӾȥԴʯҪǲʲôģǰҪרڷֵֹЩˣԴɱԴޣͬҲòٵԴʯ
ӻϲĻǸ󳬷һֱû£
Ӷ׬ˣŵģǶģ͸ǣǻʲôĵط
칬칬͸Ӳ˵ˣǰװ׵ĵݶֳɣŴȥʱ򣬴Ƕǻоϲ
ȻǸ򵥵ˡ
Ļ֮ɽһĨ̾
ܹһΪ룬Ϊ룬ʵǲס
ǻһӵܹԴ˵Ĺ׳


1018 ȡ
ֹɽô룬Ĵôһ֮󣬰㲻Ҳûˡ
ԼԼԲ˴󷽵ĽԴ׳
Ҫ֪ʵҲΪԼһɷֳɶѣ
ôɳǴ˽ˡ
Ȼͷһֱʾ˵ԴʵҲǹлˡ
Ȼ˵ԤеԴֳɣǣ˵ķֳɣȥѰԴ
ѰԴͲ׵飬סǺҪ֣ôɣ˵ھ֪ԴҲᵥȥ
ԴģɶǸľӢ˭Ըʧ
ͷħ֣ܹһ飬ҲʹԺ󲻻ȱԴ
˵һϲѶˣڹʥ˵ȴجģ
עûԴֳˣԺԴʯԴҲֻгԴˡ
Ƿ֮ǰôһֻǧ˵Ķ飬ɱһЩСԴȺܹòٵԴʯģǣȴĸˣҪһֻĶ飬̸ף
˵ûи꣬Բܡ
עǱ磬ңΪ˱ҵùϵ˭ȥ
λ
ģЭ飬ǩֳ֮󣬷ٴվЦ˵ŸλҲѾ˽⵽ҷҵˣϻҲ˵ԴķֳɣҷһܶԴʯλԴģҷҽжһȡ裡
һҪغܶ࣬ɲԴʯپܹȫģȻԴʯȷǼΪҪǸԴָ߽׵似طҲͬǼΪҪ֮һ
ңʱӵԴʯĶȴ٣ȫȡ裬Դϲ
һһ
ڴ۾һȴӦûĶһһ
Щںɽ޾µ˵½ûеԴȴǶڻĺܶ࣬ȱģԴʯ
ʱҶ˵һĴڡ
ܿģϢʹ˸ĴǶС
칬ռңⶼ˵ֱ֪ɶķֳɣǷƸԼҵĲ
ȥң
ڵ֪ҾȻ֮ɽ֮󣬴Ƕˡ
ֽˣɲʻȡģ
ѾΪ˱Ȼ
ˡ
ȻҴʱûнפɽ磬ǣʣ̨߶Ѿ߱ˣûʲô赲ҵĽŲ
칬ǱߵĴ𸴣ֻطû⣬ܹƴѩ࣬ûκ⡣
ɱ֯
Ǳϵĵһɱֻ֯ΪĺĳԱΪѩ࣬ѳɱɱܹŹ
ѣǸܣ
ΪֻЩ⣬Ѿɱ֯ͨˡ
ΪԲӹɱ֯׷ɱضֻ·һ
Էŵ˵ϣɱɱˣûж٣칬ֻأҲס
ԣ칬֮ԻӦ£ʵҲΪֻصʵݣֻǷƵһλѶѡ
ɱ飬ǸǻԼѡġ
Ʈķͷһλ԰׵ڵϣ˫ǳкͷĵ˼䣬Ǳ۾

Ϣһϣڶ죬ƱǴɽһǿ߸Դ
Դ֮⣬ǿƬ֮֮˽ԾɽɫҲ
۽磬ȻܹĳǷʲôȼɱ
ɽʯ飬رĿ꣬Ǻڲ׵ԨĲòӡ
ƻģԴӼħߡԵʣħƴ󣬾ƥܽ˵ػٵôס
Ǻڴ˴򶷣
˾Ų
Щ߰ѪĿġȻԪôʱգѾɢǣħ߲µĵħȴǸ󳬷ҲĲΪλֳǿ
ѵΪͷħ֣
˻ɣȴûԼµģֱĸ档
ûҪԼʵȫ¶Լԣûʲôôġ
๾࣡
Ƭعһ˫˫η塢桢ȵĿⶼǼ档
ûмƬطˣǱԻɵ̬Ǵڳ˵ͷ֮󣬱㶼ѡš
Դͷضֿµħ֮󣬺ܶжЩʧ
ഫɲһΪƬؿȥûƣҲ¡
ԺЩˣܵĹ
óһָװнöԼ壬ֱָ
ŮĸסǵֹǲңŮĸж


1019 ֮
ڰȥ֮󣬸˱ͿʼɼԴʯˣɽĸҲԴ
⵽˵ǵʵǿΪ壡
ˣԣֻҪڣһ嶼Դ⡣
Ժӭ塭
ɽƴкҲ̤˷̡
ϾʱΪԴĸˣÿ춼Ҫģ̫ãȻпܻӡ
󣬷˼ö壬ĸԼѪһӵָ֮󣬱뿪Դ
⼸ö壬ȻǷƸ׼ģԺʥףԴ磬Ǻ鷳飬ܹһʧˡ
֮һ죬˹ϵԴڱ˳ʱڶĹע˽ԾΪˡ
ܶ嶼֤ܿģ֤ʵʵԡ
˸е˼飬ʱ˹ϵ
֮ǲǵ֪ԭǰǼ£
һ壬һˣ壡
ʱ䶯壬֤ʵˣӵеǹԴڵͷصħ֣
һʯǧˣ
Դ󣬾ǰǴ¼֮Ѿֵ˲֪˲ĵزͷصħ֣Ǳ޵лˣ
ھȻ˽Ϊˣ
޲Ȼ
Ǵ˾ΪԴȹɽãԲŻꡣ
ˣûٸҴԴ⡣
˵ģͷħ֣ͲǺǵģ˭ҲԸȥײùͷ

ˣ
ڳſڣһƬأƴ󲽳칬Ժȥ
ԴʯˣǾҪдˣʥҽʥңҪɽ磬Ҫһפ㣡
ÿһһˮأͬҪһأѣѣ
磬ֻأǶЩȴǲ˽⣬ԣƱ뵽˻ƣ
һųϵ֪һ룬˼֪ųɣûôŷǲһ֪Ķˡ
ţʱҷأӦҲǺܴǺʵģͻҲԴʯ
ڵǴ
ӵԴԴʯԽһоס
˵ȱľԴʯˡ
ǣɽּȱģ
Ƹ磬˵Ҫȥ칬
Ŀŷơ
Ȼ
΢Цĵ˵ͷ˵ΪҪߣ
Ȼ칬ŮҲͬܵӣǣȴǸϣŮԼߡ
𣿡
ŮǾϲĿˮһ̶ˮ
ɵϡ
ĽŮӵ뻳УЩۡ
һأǱġ
ֻ˱ˣ˲Ż㣡
칬Ϊ֮һҲǱȽϺӵģң֮칬˵ǼΪĴڣ⼸Ϊ칬ҲǸ٣кͽ˴ߣ칬ĴǶٶЩġ
磬򾲾վһԣĻģоȻûж⡣
Ů÷ټЩŮദãŮӣΪ룬ԷƵİԼ
ϸ˵ӦûҪлŮܹݵĽԼ

칬ԺȻרͨ칬Ĵ͹Ĵ£һˣ칬
ɽΡ룬ķ嶥ƺһһɱվڷ嶥ͬǳھ֮һ䡣
oľס֮ء
ΧԪƵૡ
ȻʱƬ򵽵ʲô֮ͬǣҲԼʱ򵥡
Ҳĵ̬Խʥ׵ʥˡкܴİֻڵΪȴǾ첻ѣȻ칬Բפ
꣬o˾
ЩȻܵ
Ŷ
һһĨ⣬
oһʣoѭ֮Ȼĵڣôѭ֮϶һİ
ʲôͬ𣿡
ƴ΢Цʵ
ͬ
ȻĿ˼ŵԪҪһĵŨࡣ
ȷ
Ƶ˵ͷ˵ʵ֮⣬һЩͬĵطԺֵᷢŶ
ͨعؿһ칬


1020 칬
ڷƣʵ칬ĴѾ֪ˣЩҲǲȥ½ôˣ¼Ҳ˽ࡣ
̾
˵ڳ۷ӵУʵ㲻㣬ǿˣȱȽǡ
ǣڿĳɳ֮ڴǶɵĸп

٣ǵóϣǴһĻУǲıȷƸã
ô򵥣Ҳ˵ĳ̶ֳ˵Ҫǿǡ
Բһͨˡ
ǶǿʼƵʵʡ
Բֻǳ֮ѣഫӵгߵķǿ𾳽̤С
һеһУ֤Ĳ򵥡
ڣгԴĹϵ£Ҳһֻ۱һֻˣŲʡ
ϾƸѾˡ
Ƹ񣬾ʷǰģǰǿ󣬸޷ᴴĲƸֱ޷ܾ
·ƣ
ƶŶλһ绪ɵŮӿĺ
ŮȻ࿴ȥʮˣǣʵͣǾͲ֪ˣҲǺüɡ
ǣòȴǱıȽϺãû̬۽βҲû£֣ڼϼƮʣǲŮһ
ơ
칬Ŀ⣬һֱڷϣɨӼ䣬ڲʱķԳ⣬һ֮¶һĨ죬૵ô׼֮壿
ݵ߱Ӧǳ֮壬ȴصطڸˣǣȴܹڵԪ֮ڹԪ
֪ΪΣȻ⿴ȥǿȲ׼棬ܵһļµĴ
ƺܹԼв
һͷǸоЩЦһϾˣȻܸԼв
ֱЦ
ͬʱֱȴҺӡ
ҲϣΪ˲֪ܣ
ǣôȴǿ͸ˣǰһ壬һڶһƲˣԣҲֻѡˡ
ȴҲһļƽϣԷҲһĺ棬Ҫ֪˶ܡ

ͬʱĺ
š
칬عĿ⿴磬Щĵ㲻ռҡ
磬ֻǣȴǵò̫ˡ

Цգԣ
ռСݣԱ
ԭռС
칬ȻʱһĨ˼顣
ǰռСƺҲͷһˡ
ռôϣ
ͷ뵽ηֳϣռƺҲԼһ׬˺ܴıˣͬʱ칬
ֻվһѩ࣬һĨ˼Ҳ⾿ôˡ
Ҫߵģ
Ʋ£Ƕ칬żɽ˵
⡭
칬üͷ
Ϊ⣬ǲϣ뿪ģǣһ뵽ǰڵǸ͡
˵ʵڵģܲ⣬ΪڻᴫֿͣƺҪȫǰһԡ
ԥǽŵĿЩ̻̲
ȻڷѾΪǣ칬ȻһȣȴʲôҲ㲻ϣ칬ܾĲ֪ôźá
ȷһǣ칬˺ƣǶƴ
˿̣Ƕһۣǿ˶Էڵľģ΢ĵ˵ͷ
칬ҪԣҲ
칬ȻǽǵУ̾䲻ȵĶԷ˵š
ף
Ƶ˵ͷ˵칬ĵӣ㣬칬޷ıˣԣԺɴ칬
ӵо֮壬ԺɾͿܻﵽoǰĵزҪ칬֣Ǽֱǲܡ
ǳɳֵز칬ɣ
ͬʵ칬ĴҲ뵽ȥǿӲĲˣ칬϶ûаô˺Լʱ˵칬ܵһŹľԼЩɢǵˣ
֮⣬һ㡭
ԣ칬ɫ΢ĻһЩһĨ˵ľâұȷܹУ
ϣ
칬µģһɫһվҪôȷ
ѾĽҪ飬ǣȴֻҪʥף壡
ȻҪʵвУ
ǰ˱ֱսڳӣ칬΢΢


1021 
ûʵ޷ȷǲܹ
칬ڴڻصţдżζ
ԣƵʵǿԴڣҲΪշͷصħ֣Բŵǿơ
ԣڷƱʵ칬ãΪڵĽҲΪѷƣǣ͸ղţһ˿ļ£ҪһԷƵͷ
Ҫӣĵ㲻ͬ
ʵ
һĨĻȣᶨ񣬿˵ң
Դһս֮ʵٴεõ˴󻡶ȵرս⣬ܸʤǰֱһ࣬ңΪҲѾﵽϾ磡
֪ΪΣ⻰֮ԭЩ̻̲ƽȥĿŷƣھΡ
ԣ
칬һĨɫƺ˷Ƶ뷨һȻҪԣǣڱԵĹ̵У㲻ʹÿռ츳Ȼ䡭һֱҪõҵĳϣܴ
ʵҲǿˣϾռ츳ҲǷʵһ֣ȴҪƷʹصĵԲżôһ
ʹÿռ츳
һʧɫɫҲЩΨһľѩ࣬ϴŵЦݣƺѾһУֻ˼һ칬ɫ
ƣɫҲЩ
˵ʵڵģʱ츳Բ˭ǣΨһľǾ棬Ͼ磬̫ˡ
ͬȵ츳Ļ£һϾˣǶʮϾҲܹȡʤ
ô㲻ң
ƾþò칬¶һĨɣ˼ӦԼˣ˵Ǿ͡
Ȼԣ
û˵꣬Ʊ;ƺ»һһսڣһ񽣣ˣµǾս
ηս
ʱЩЩ˷ܣǿߵ˷ܡ
ҪսҪԼǿսܸõĥսһ
칬ҪŵˣԻ칬һǿߣѾֻ̤ʥףʵīһܵĳԣ
˵𳿻ԣǾһʱ칬ĵӣ칬ģ⣬Ѿ˺պһܣ쳹ʮ۹һû˸
ڣ˶֪ԣ칬Ϊӵܣûĳ֣ԻΪ칬һι
Ͼ֤ĲˣһܣѹȺӢ칬˶ǷһΪ
һָ֮ѹ졭
ᵽʱ仰ʹһС
Լã⳿ԵĿ³̶ȣȷǼΪ˲ãͬ޵еĴڡ
֮ǰʹͱ칬ѩˣˣҲûӰ쵽ĵλ
ȷǿ˭޷ϡ
սţӮԼսԻõ
ʱս಻
ã
޾壬칬վ˸һԵԸȥԹֱȥ壡
ԣ
֣΢΢һӦǣ
˵գȥų֮ȥ

壬ʵ칬ӵǵ֮أ칬䳡칬ӵֹܹܲԣǿԽֳԹ
⴦ɽ壬Ϊ칬ƽƬأ˹󣬾޾£䳡ϲ֪ٴαȶûκκۼ棬
ȻǾʥ֮µӵʥϵģĵطˡ

¡
̣
ָƽɽɽ쳹ޱȣԶԶȥǧڻ򶷣ʱѪ¼

칬٣Щսӵܷ׷׳ɫޱȵĹе˶ͣʺá
żİ֮ǽǲ죬ΪΡ
ڿ˫վһİߣ֮ڶеӵֱˣ쳹Ϣ
˾˭
ӾȻܹͬʱ˫λӵ֣ǶǼʵ۾죬ǿһɷڣ칬ڳǶȥΧˡ
ǶԴڷ£֪ԣҲ֪зôˣԷӦŻǿҡ
ΧȫǵĿ⣬ƺΣȴ治ɫ
£ɲǵһˡ


1022 һ
ͬʱ칬ɨ˷һۣ˼ǣ㿴˰ɣʵΪã㲻߱ʵõҲʲô¡
˵ܹ칬ˣ棬ǶһһţĸҪ
ЩˣŮȴǿϣƫƫ÷ˡ

ִڵĳŹǿٵĸ˹
ȻҲʥף칬һȣȴ֪ˡ
š
칬΢΢ͷ˵أֹͣ
ţˡ
ִڳ΢һ㶣ɨһ۷Ƶİ֮ƺʲôӦһʼԸȥ
Ƕ̶̼ӵʱ䣬ټͱˣǧӵܶվΧûȥҪ֪֮󾿾Ҫʲô
ƺµ飬пܾ˫һǸйأ
ˣ̫İˣǸûǲ˵칬ˣ
ռҵˣ
ڸӦȵ֮һ㶣֮ġ
׼֮ˣɲǺǵģûжٸ˸ؿ˵Լѹġ
һ뵽ռ֮ǲ΢⣬Ϊ칬ֱɱǴˡ
ռҲǺǵģ
һ뵽Լ칬ľɫ˫ӣȻ˶ߣоͺǲޣԷƵĳӸǶ˼֡
ȷҪʵ
ɨһȫǵ̬У̾
ӷѧԺʼףҪӻŮûģǾֻǿѹֻԼֳǿʵη壬ǲŲҴ⣬ġ
ԡ
ս𣬷ƻ۾
ܹܳԣȻǺܺõǣǰˡ
꣡
ţ̶ƿ쳹칬߲Զ
죬ߣһ׳˶ӣ
˵칬ϵĵһǿߣԣ
վһɽһΡ룬Ƴ룬嫺䣬˴Ϣѹ
Ȼǿ
ǿһۣڱǱһĨ⡣
˹Ȼǿ󣬾īһǿߣǿΪһĿۣһ˵Ĵڣ
ʦ֣
Ⱥ˾ڼ˵֮һˣ¶ηɫ
Ȼǣǣǰ棬ȴǰ෴ģ࿹ҲûС
ΪѾһƥеӡ
ôǳʦ֣ѵȻҪ볿ʦ𣿣
칬ͻȻ٣ŮĹϵټϳԵĵǶȻ뵽Ҫ顣
ʱжѪȣĿ¶⣬Щ٣ĿȫǼͬһϡ
ԳֵĴ̫ˣⲻ˵֣ǣһûмֵĳֵġ
ȻǲԸϣǣȴʵ
ԣ˵ǿ칬ûӵܸȥڣܹٴμ֣Ƕ˷ܲѣƵĿ⣬ǳϷ볰Щֻ
ǿռң볿ȵģֻҲһī
ǰԲī
ΪϾΪѡ
ڷƣЩûһкøеġ
ڶʳĿеŮˣǵУӵĶԣʱǺ޲÷Ʊһ٣ȻÿŷƻͷĹ칬λӼ¡
磬Ů¶ǵɫȻҪ˵ЩʲôȴΪֹ
칬Ȼƣǣ˵ȴûе
ŮŮӣûоԵʵѹСɻĻ¡
ԣ첻ǰʤҪȫԸչֳԼǿѹȫС

ʦ𣡡
Ⱥ󹧾ĺ
칬ǿ糿츳ˣҲ˿֮⡣
š
Լ֮칬¶һĨɵЦ⣬ų˵мҪ
ʦԸ
Թĵ
һ
칬һָƣ˵
Լӿʮ㣬ûܹȡʤƵ÷ʹԼصȫֶζѡ

˳ָԲɨ˷һۣϲû¶ʲôɫֱӹӦ
һ׼֮ˣӣ
ܺã
칬⣬תƣʵΣɸӦս
Ϊ÷Ӧս˼
ս
ƵĿڳϣȵս¶ɱһУһǽ뵽䳡֮ڡ


1023 ѹ
칬壬Ʋ֮ϣΧƺãã΢΢䣬嫺ĳɫ׳
壬Ѿ޾£䳡ϣ͸¶ɱϢϢǲʧء
ʵ칬ģ޾ۻġÿÿգӵ䣬ӶϢԽԽŨ
ԣ⴦䣬ľ磬ܹĥ˵־
ҲǲɶõıأҲ칬ӵܵĵ֮һʱĻۣûԽԽ㡣

ʱϣȴû֮ǰ֣ǺܰţõĲϸ칬ӵΪ֮ȻСΧѴ֪Ҫ칬λӣҪƳԣ֮ս
ֱ
ǿ˷ʵľ֮󣬶ɵ֮ԱǣΪһʱ嶯˽⳿ԵĿ²ŴӦġ
ԣڳǧ칬ӣʱǱſϷ̬ԭء
ˣʦһָͷշ
ҿʦָó֣ƾƣѹ
СΧͬ۵ǵĹ׷ǡ
˵츳ϵĲ࣬˾ϵĲҲ̫ˣʱû˿÷ƣŮҲǵǣȻϲû¶ǣսȭͷȴ֤Ǵʱܽš
ֻأҲɫأüͷ΢塣

ټĳϣͷ볿˶վԿտԶԶȥ˾ϵӶѡ
칬Ϊܹſֽභġ
Կʼˣ
ɨһ۳ϵˣ칬쳹ȫ
ǣ
ƻսڳ壬Χռ䶼΢΢ƣ֮һһ΢΢ǰ룬Ȼ͵ıһͷޣЯž˵ƣǰ
ȳˣ
ۣ
ұʱƬƬѣһֻƬֱ¶˳յҫ£ĺ⡣
ȭ
ͬʱǳ֮׼֮췣Ǿǧأһһģۣװؾ֮ڣ΢΢ĻζΧĿռ䶼Ǵ죬ֱվһΡɽһĳԡ
ƣȴ˿ɫֱȭͷţһֱֱۣճȭͷӭȥ
飡
ײ쳹شײʮֵĴ̶õһЩΪ칬ӵܶ˫Ѫ˿ȥХ쭷𣬳˷ϯȥΧƺѡ
ȭͷӴʱ򣬷Ʊֱӽؾֱӱ˳ȥǣһǾͱˣȭͷһҲ߸ߵı׷µ棬ʮ󲽲ŶΣؿڷƣйѪӿǿѹȥũҩϵҩת˼ȦŻָ˹
Ȼ֮ǿ
ЩȭͷоȻ
ˣīһǿҲѹʱʵȷѿ⡣
ղѾܵ˴ӳȭͷ緢ǹܣȷǿ󣬳ɽ纣˲ͻԼİر׾Һ󾢻Լɣ
ۣԼǿһˣֱֻ۶ֱӱ
Ȼûܣ
ղЩڲ²˶ʱȻĿǰһĻЩ˻۾ƺЩԼġ
Ŷ
칬һֱעŷƣ֮ʣڱһĨɫ
ΪȻܹĲһȭ̲صܡ
ѰϵˣҲӲһȭ
ף
ȭͷްµͻָԴʱڲһĨɫ΢Щȡ
ȷǾˣϾˣȻԼһȭȻûȫǣҲ֤ǰЩرֶΡ
оǴͬףֻǰ˻ԼľУ
ͷһʱ֮ģۣһɺƴѹ籡һʥһΧռ䵴ɽѹŷƹѹȥ
ǣ
״תսսĶ಻ϣڳ壬һھѣһɼΪĴƴڱŷУֱӾͽΧѹȶѹһ񽣣ɱһС
ɱ
˷һ죬һɫ绡˸ľ޽ͳУѹųɱȥ
һĻ𺳵Χˣ칬ɫˡ
ԵѹֲܿģЧ뻯ֹܹѹ˵ǣʵʵ˺ۣǣʱȴˣ


1024 ɽƺ
һɫĳоӨ֮ɫˮɣ棬Ǻʣ󣬺ƥɭ޵ףͨ͸˻ݣģȴЯһɹļµĻϢ⣬ǵ绡˸Ϣ̹ƺܹɱһУռʱһ󲼸ѵҪܣӲ
˻ƣ
£Ƴ˫Ŵ죬ڳһֵƣʱռը죬ѣһɹɺƴƣֻۣƾӨ͸ޱȵ貣¶ģȥѾһֻˣһ壬ɢƣͿѹأռ䵴𶯣йӴڱӻɽ壬ֹֻˡ
ɱ
дʱֻս⣬սת鼫£θ߸ֳֻŰϾ޽ֱӾնȥ

޽նֻ֮ϣնһһľ죬Х˷ϯ˵ͷ߸ߵ𣬽ƺֱӱɢܹµľɫ
˾Ȼסˣ
Զһ˫˫ھǴ㵵ɫǲ˼ĿǰһĻУǸӾһһ
ԣ֮칬һһˣҲ߲һУѰˣƵѹֵĻᶼûУǣǰͲϾӣȴǺ嫵ѹֱӳ֣ҾȻƾУ
ն
޾ѹǱɱ𣬷ս⣬޾ž޽ٴն䣬Ҫǰն

޴ĳϮȻûк壬ǣԵĽŲȴ˰벽֮ࡣ
ôܣ
仯СǣôӹЩ˵۾ʱһ˫˫Ӷˣ۾ɵԲźϼ䣬ȴôҲ˵
ȻѾ޷Լеˡ
ǵĿУԾ޵еĴڣ˵˰벽ǳѹǼѵ顣
ǣЩǶ飬ȴǱ֮ǰһ˸쵽ˣ
ǲţΪԼۻˣɨӵʱȴǷΧͬ鶼Լһɫ
Ƹ硭
Ůȴû˶ɣ෴ģǽ
ɱǷƴʱĵ֮һܹնɱ֮켶似ڣȴնƲ˳Եķܹأ
ⲻ׼ԡ
칬Ŀڷеĳ֮ϣ˸ˣգüͷȴɡ֡
ܹܵĵ޽еȻ׼ڣǣȴֻ׼
˵֮Ǹͨԣ޷ںϵģǳʶҲǽ˭˭
ΪƶˣԴ˸⡣
Ϊ칬֪жͳԹȴûһܹɹشһ⣡
ȻʱȫƣǣȴǸܵǳ֮׼֮
ôܣ⾿ʲôؼȻֲܽͬںϣ
ͫ΢΢չ𺳣ǰԭȥͨˣڱԽԽͨ
ʥף˽ⲻˡ
ΪǿǾΪ˫֮壡
ʣȻʥǰƲ󣬵ǣһͻʥ֮󣬹˫ʥܣÿһˣΪ۷ǿߣûжܹѹƣ
ǰӲ˫֮
˻
ԣʱҲɵһ
Щģǰ̫ˣ

ߣ
ܵŲĺˣɫһ䣬һȻһըҩͰһȻ죬ȻûѿҲЩ貣һʥһƥܣӿ˳ֱۣ˳ȥ
أ
޴ĳֱӾͻ˳ȥУѪɢ䣬ڵϣʺĺۡ
ŵŵţ
׷ʮףٴκ߰˸󲽣ǶסΣؿһƣٴһѪбѿѷľ޽һĨȻ
εĳԵ˳ܵĿ¡
嫳룬ɽƺͬһʥ񸴻һ޿ƥУսһƸоƾԼǰֵĻᶼûУֱӻᱻѹȵĶá
һֿµƣ˵ĲһƺܹԼ뵽ѹ֮ڣ
ʲôʣ
ƼҪ֪ǣ˶ԴҲҡͷƺû⴫


1025 ƣ
ӵоܣ󳬷룬ԣ޾ۻĵ̲űԽԽۺֱǵһĵز
ֵ̣ɲֱܱģҪ޾³У
ԽǴеľԶ̾Խǿ£볬һȣǴС
ʵģǰĳԣһ壬ЩɣܵõʲôУȻ˵Ŀ¡
뵽⣬Ʋ̾
Ȼв٣ǣЩӵһȣԵˣʱܹóֵ似ûм
ȴû٣ţֻҪʵǿˣҪʲôûУ
ңûͻʥ׵Ļӵǿ似Ҳ޷ӳȫܣ켶۷似ѾϾܹõļˡ
ʥԶ׼ҪʥˣʥܣܷӳӦܡ
ƸоԼġɱ롮ӡơ
ǸоԼûзӳǵܣƺʲôȱһǣȴ޷ֲҵȱݣҲΪԼʵԲŲɡ
ңһ·ҲܵˣԼľƷҲԽԽ
确ӡǵøյõʱ򣬲ǵؼ似ѣǣõԽԽ࣬ӡʱܣԲκ켶۷似
ɱҲһսĲϽɱƻҲԽԽԴʱֱӾն֮壡

Ȼûаܣ
ķƲͻָ˽Ծ
˵ԸղűΪУҲܽܣǣһԵĿѾˡ
ǣİӣ˿Ѫѣ۳ľ޽ûб飡
˭ѵռҰĺӵܲɣ
ʱǿʼ²Ƶ
һ칬ȻңڼεĴǱΪӵܣǿɻõ޷ĵǳѰǿ
ôһ룬ǵܹˣз׷װ̾˹Ȼֻ档
绹࿹£ûܣѾ˵˺ܶˡ
ܴܲĹԣǲ֪ǣȴ֪ӣԼҪǿ
һʱ䣬еļ֮Ļĵȴȥ
ǿΪѾǵ֮ϣʵǿ󣬲ϵΨһ

ҵҪ㾿ǵõʲô촫У
Ŷһĳԣһս£һ˿ţĲ
꣡
һԭѺ۵ľ޽޸ƱŷռƺҪ˺ˣ쳹ëȻƿ
ɱ
һŶڵ棬һսһ㣬죬񽣷ָУɱ˹ȥ
飡
ͬһĨâһ壬ΰ𣬾ҫۣƣֱӲȥ
ʮ㣬һ֮ûĶ

˰޽ײһ죬ΧƺˣΪӵɫҰ׵ĺˣҴڽ
أ
꣡
һ죬ֱӾͱײ˳ȥѪѹֲס¶˼ʮ׿⣬Ҳվסеľ޽ȫѺۣۿҪȫһ
ֱۣڲƺ޽ҲòסˣڣΪܵĳҲܴ١
Ǳȴһʥһײİգ쭷ϯ壬ΡȻ
¶ٷ֣
ȻܲǣͣǳʦֵĶ֡
翹ѣʦҪǼе¡
Ҫ칬˫ӣֱ쿪
·磬칬ӵǸ۷׷ףָ㽭ɽڲ²ƻڼ֮ʱܡ
Ƹ硭
ŷƱɣŮ㶼ҪֱӳˣȴѩסֻżĿĽչ
칬˵ǷƲܻܳԣɾͲܴȥ
Ҫǣǿһʧ֡Ǹô죿
ĵ𣿡
Ŵαɣ칬˿ȴһĨɻ
̶ֳȣȴвôļ£ζ
ѵеƣ
۾һۿ
ţڳǿѹ֮£Ʊضʹȫĵƣ뵽ҵܵвģʲô
ǣʱ˭Ҳûм칬ҲûиӦһķͷһ˫â˸˸ӣҲעߵĶ̬


1026 ֮
һصʹϵĲһɽ̫̫һȥͨͨûʲôͬ
վһɽʯ֮ϣƣһ΢ϵĴֲԶ
ʱһ˫ȴ˸˸ԣֱԶƺƺޣһС
֮
΢΢ûаĴʱͽˡ
޾ǰ类ֹΣǿƣ棬ʱŸޱȵų޷壬У
Ϊڰһ
µĳ׷𣬶һģ壬ͿΪռ䣡
ǸʱΪ˻ţΪ˲ͷ­ѪԪһӮ
ؼ䣬岻ͬ壬ûи츳˸һЩ츳壬ǲͷ֣ؼԪԪֶܹڣӶǿ
һˣΪ֮
֮ǿʼǿΪЩ֮⣬˶ǿˣԻǿԱ
˵֮𣬾Ϊ֮ԭûһ
Ǹʱ򣬾Щ壬Ϊףԣһƣ֮
ԶʱڣǸʱΪԻ͵ʱʱo޵еǿߣѹ壬ʹһԾΪϵ۷֮һ
ûųǣǸҲСĴڣΪǵĴڣŲȾָ壬壡
ϧʱڹʧΪһѾܵ۷ĵزпܻᱻ
Ժûٴ˳۷̨
֣ʢ塭
ԭأ΢֮ȴѾټûгֹһ


쳹ϢɢƺΧ칬ӵһˣֻмٸվϣȴҲɫϾҪԪģ˳ǧ֮⡣
˵ǰǲ֪ʲôˣιĻʱȴǷǳˡ
ΪİӣѾΪõڹʲôǹ
أ
һ죬ٴα˳ȥѪ䣬ϣҲѾѪ߰ˣɫֽȴǼᶨƣ
飡
µ棬һ壬αٴһԭѺ۵ľ޽ָһѪս񣬴žս⣬磬ٴγɱȥ
ôһһΣˣѾˣǣȴûһһбһңϢǳսʵʷâɱһУ
ĥս⣬ڳǿĶѹ£սٴҵתսӿ޾ңȻģٴԼϿ
ս⣬ⲻͬԣ˵һֿһ־ƴʱ־أɱһУ
ԣϿ°빦
ֵǣϴԴڣսЧ֮Ҫսϣǣȴвͨ÷ɻ֮࣬ȴҲԴ޿κΣֻѡˡ
Ƹ硭
Ůͨ죬ҧ촽ǿԼӰ쵽ȴǾǷʲộԻ칬Ʋ
ĻԤеһ𡭡
ѩĿȻǷڳϣǣȴǷֳǳһſޣתԼĹ켣ƺĳֹţƺ޶ɣޱȡ
Ȼӵķ츳
칬˿
ģڷϿһ㵭Ө⣬۳һµĴ󣬶ΪԣƵܼ𾫡
칬ȷǻһˣֻǸƵķƲˡ
Ҫ֪ƾһɾ۷壬˿ơ
糿ԣʱҲƵѪ
ǿӹɣһ츳ܣѷ֣޿ңǣȴĶƿһܹӡ
ƣͲ˵ˣһڱųƣԼңкǿɱܹԼΪѹ顣
ɽƺѹأǣȴ壬Բ֪һ徿ʲôģȻܹǿᵽһ˵ľأ
һ


1027 
ҾͲˣ
ٴγķƣһĨâ³ɬѶģȻֻ貵϶ʱâʢһһ貣˸ֱӣһɺƴƥĴƺȻ˳ΧĿռǺһĵһµ
Ұܣ
һֻƣŷȥ
¡
޽ײһ𣬱ͨ쳹׵ը죬ʱ˱ǿǱɫľ޽ֱӾͱ飬ƣ縡Ƽһ㱻׷˳ȥ棬һ죬ضΪ֮ſ˿Ѫûƺ˻ԡ
Ƹ磡
ŮֱӾҪȥǣȴĪƲ粽С

ҧ촽͵Щ
칬ռҵˣȷҪҵɣ
߹칬ϣлޱȱ䣬
Ϊռ峤֮Ůݸ߹󣬲вȻԿܻ󳬷֮ս
𣿡
Ůı֣칬УǺڸǵĳޣ΢΢̾Ϣһ˵
ʱƺ˻ԵУѿ˺ܶµ˺ۣѪڼ⣬϶ѺۣȥȷһϢˡ
ǣǣϵƣȴûгȥɱϢϯ
ô£
ѣŮ΢ѣĻ֮󣬲ɵĶһ㶡
һ˻ˣ־ҲһԣǣʱķȻȥԣ־ȴɴڡ
ս⣬ս⣡
ǣȻ־ѣΪȴأ
ѵˣ
칬һĨɫ
ΪȻܹƵ״ȻܴأǣȴһĪĶ޸Щˣңۿɼٶţ֮⣬ûʲô˺
Ȼһ߽ҩʦ
칬ͫ΢΢һ
ĻָļţȴҲǵһμϵٶȣֱ켶۷ҩʦλҪЩ⣡
ʲôʣ
칬Ϊ֮Ȼ޷⾿ô¡
ʵӵԭ򣬳Ѿﵽ켶۷ũҩҩ֮⣬ȸ츳Ҳ˺ܴء
Ϊ츳Ĵڣشûũҩε£ҲܹȻϣֻٶЩѡ
ʱԶ˶޷Ƶ״̬ԣǳʲôӡ
ԣҲüͷ壬µ棬ֻϵԣȴûɢ
ɼУѾƵ֮Ϊˣ
칬ʾһ֮󣬱վԭصȴš
ģܾãһͷ˶ɵޡ
ԣһֱҷɣ෴ģϵңƺΪ֮Ĵս׼
ܲ
칬ӵǶɵĵһһƬȻ
ųһ̲صȻĺԶȴɿԸܵĵ
ǰܣԼϣǾԻᱻɱܻã
ʱɣǰ⾿ˣǹˡ
ǿʱѾˣǣȴûܹ̣Щſڣȴ֪˵ʲô
Ϊ¶ʵѾԶԶˣ
̷ƵͬʱǽԼҲˣ
¡¡
ͻأģһ쳹һǿǵڵӰţһ˫˫ڶ͸¶˼ɫ
ƵΣȻһĪ̧ţĸڰУ죬һƴƴ籡ϯ˷

һƿ쳹һ˫˫չ˳Ѫһɫûаɫˣ˾ϯΧĿռƺյЩŤ
۷壿
˵У˶ǸоˣѾϾܣﵽ۷ĵزʱΪ֮ȻΪϵˣܹӵϵܡ
أأأ
һӷڴ˳ɫ΢ЩŤƺĪʹࡣ
ڳϣ
죬칬ʱݣ֮ھȻҲ¶˼ɫ
ûƴʱѾǵһޱȹؼʱ̡
ڳϣ
ʵڷƽ뵽սԶе״̬֮󣬾൱뵽һʶУʶֻһͷǾս
ʱҲǱʶ֧ţǿȫϣ


1028 ѹ
칬ϣټ䳡ϣˣһվưƴһˣڰգһ˫޴ĻڣǴһװײǹ졣
꣡
ǲ쳹˳ţûһɸΪƴϢʹӷڹϯ˳ռϢֱ
ͻˣ
͵һ𾪵Ѿ˵
ش֮£Ȼͻˣ
ѵǹ
ʱ칬ˣڳ˾㵵ɫ
Ƹ硭
ŮȴҪһЩΪԴ֮Ѿʶһˣԣʱֻоϲ
ˣԼŲʱ䣬ȻʹϣͻƵϵľ磬ϣҲֻһȽˣ
ôܣ
ܵһѹԶɫˣܵвƸɽĳ룬嫺ĺ嫣һʥռ죬ε˫ڷϣǾ衣
ˣ
ǴһѹģϿ״򿪣쵴̣ӦһĽƺأһĪĹ
ͻˣ
΢΢Ȼ󣬷ƺܿͷӦ˹֪ԼֵøԵΪѹٴν뵽״̬ȥ
ǧΪ뵽״̬֮ھͺܺã
״̬һֻսֲƥеĶ֣ôע磡
Σභڸղܴ֮ʣûĿܡ
ãΣҲøٴνһ磬ʥףһ
һɲС٣ӵϾ֮оԼѾ볿һʸˣ
ã֣
ȵرԪڻԾ췣֮󣬷Ƶǣһ΢СĻȡ
Ͽ׵Ĺƺõ췣ܱŨʤǰ
ˣ
һ쳹˱ǿһµͼӷƵؿ¶˳ɢȫһӨӨ˸˸·ڣһһһֲɴݻٵӾġ
¶츳
ӵеĵƣʵѾ¶Ĳˣֻǣȴһֱûб֤ʵѡ
ȴҲ»ᱩ¶ЩΪĵƣȴһֱţ
֮壡췣
֮壬µһ壬ݾżݻ磬Ȼûƿأŵƣڶһľϲ
췣־ģֻлȻȥȴ׼һǣΪ췣ӵߣȴܹܵʵǿȡ
ʱƾãԼƿص췣Ϊʱǿȣ׼֮ϣ
һţȴεĵƣû˻֪췣
¡¡
ǳ֮׼֮췣ź֮ӿȫǳӿʱը죬Ѿܲסֱֻ۴һ
٣
һЦ⣬սڳ壬ףȭͷ˫΢΢һչ磬ֱӾͳųԳɱ˹ȥռһ·һ̫սշѹһУƺƴ
˻ȭ
ɫ࣬ҲСƷƣճȭһ棬α𣬻ư磬һԶʥ񣬳ŷӭȥ
׾ؾ
һһļӿֱһأõ۸ΪͣͼأȴûбѵĺۼϢϯһƲȭͷֱȥ
̣
ȭͷĿ֮ײһ𣬱ͨ쳹صը죬ŰɢΧ׵ƺõԶһЩΪ칬ӵܣ縡ƼһƷ˳ȥеĵƺ֮£ǷӦʱҪˤĶϸ첲ˣˣҲǼΪǱ

ּ䣬͵Ĵһ췣ٴӿۣͨ͵ı˳ȥǸ貵ȭͷĳ˳ȥ
ȭ
һĨϲ⣬Ʋˣȭͷٴγȥȭͷͬ㳯ų£ҵȻûзֻܱ֮
ôܣ
Զ칬ӵӶɳۿ¶ľǲ˼ɫǼһſڳҲȻ֪
ǿʲô칬һһˣ޵е𣬾ȻһѹŴ·磡
⡭
Ļ칬ҲЩزɫŴͣźϼ䣬Ȼû˵


1029 ˻
̣
һ쳹ǧԽԽ칬ӵǵע⣬Ƿ׷׸ԶԶվϵһĻ֮󣬶ǲɵ˴͵״̬
ʱ˿̣칬ӵѾ޷Լˣԣܹû˵ʲô
ô֮ǿ
ҲǵԲ۾ھǲ˼ɫе𺳣õĺЩ
Ȼ׷ƱԼҪǿϺܶ࣬ǣȴΪǳԵĶ֡
֮ǰʵҲ֤Ĳ롣
ߵĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǣ˭ܹϵƾȻܹڴսǿͻƣңڻռϷ磿
ƾܹĵʵƵ볿ʵӦƾУǣȴǸ߹һء
ʱƾϵ·ףûǹɱӰ죬ƾ賬ߵķһƣĳһֱѹ·磬޷
Ȼӵз츳
˿ֹ̣ڶ¶һ顣
ķ츳ǿΣͿĳˣͬף˿ķ뵱֮׵ķҲ޿κΡ
Ȼǿ󣬵Ҳܱȵùɣ
Ҫ䣡
Ļжôһͷʱжɵһ鴤
칬һǿߣ޵еߣҪ
ͬʱҲпռңȻһɲȻǰȻǣһʵȻ˵ǿᣬ֤ռҳ˱ϵī֮⣬л˲īӵܡ

ɨһŮǼģ칬̾һ
鷢չֵز֮⡣
Եǿ֪һǰӾȻڵһ£ѹռϷ磬˵ʵǿ̶ȡ
ѵ֪ݣ
ͻأģ칬ĪµǸͣ΢΢ĿĳһͷһĨ˼
칬λжôǿ󣬸޷ݣңΪ칬Ҳֻ֪λڵĴڣûм֣ϴλڣ֪칬ԭôһλڵĴڡ
ջĿ֮󣬻ģɫָƽƺһеĴڡ

¡
һͨ쳹صը죬һۿɼļΪӴĢƣХ䣬˱ǿԴڱ˳µ棬ʮ󲽲Ŷ˽Ųſڣ³һѪǹѪ˿ɫһĨ԰ףŻָ
ʹ죡
һսʮڻδʧĢд˳
貣ΧܹһϾǿߵľ˿Ӱ첻ǰĽŲ
ϵѾΪ𣬻׳˶ǽɣѻϣһֱըԵӾ
һ˫޴Ļ΢΢ĲˣϢƴұۣ˳ɫƬɲĵϢӣȥһԶһġ
ԶĿӡ칬ӵܵļ䣬
ܵģô䣿Ҳܻģ
ŴĢ߳ķƣԴʱѾʧȥ֮ǰĴݣ˸лҵૣ˼ꡣ
޵еģһֱǣͬУû˭֮ͬڣͬ޵еĴڣ
ǣʱȴһԼһѹƣܹܵˣ
رǣ˿ȥƺԼҪᣡ
Ҳģ
Ҽ䣬ɫ£һɺƥĴƴھϯ˷
˻޼
˫ְڿ󶯳һµӡף䣬ͨ貣һҫ۵⣬أ𣬾һԶʥϢ룬ƺ嫣¡
˻
˫ͨͫӡ󶯣ΧĹξȻΪڣ·֣ȻҲһףһףʱΪ䣬һһ֣޵С
˻ȭ
һУһ貵ȭͷЯſµƣŷȥ
ã
죬ȴ޾⣬Уս£һĨ񣬼Ǻԥģۣӭȥ
¡
ȭͷҵײһ𣬱ŷͬװ죬Զƺѣ칬ӵܶѪɫҰײϵĺˡ
෴ģĵˣȴƺûܵκӰ죬貣ͬս񣬴սһ飬Ȼָ£


1030 һ
һˣͬһԶ񣬻ĶֱϢޱģһϢӾ֮Կ
һˣһ𲻰ʥףϢ룬ƺ嫣ׯϵݣ̲סҪĤݡ
˶Ǿǿ󣬴ʱ࿹ǴȻ죬Ϊ칬ͼӳֹһγ֮ܽ𣬻Ϊޡ
ˣʱΪ˵Ĵ򶷣ҲǲסĲƺҲǳܲסһʱܻΧǧ׵ƺ˺飬ܹµľɫ
أ
װ첻ϵ쳹þòϢڰգһȭһţײŰľоϯ
oڶԿȫȻһУҵײ֪ͣ
ǻжǺΪ𾪡
׵ķȻڷƵ츳ͼɼӵеܹȻֻҲǺܲ򵥡
ˣΪߣ
ȫˣ칬жôһͷ
˵Ŀ£ӹɣ̶ֳȵĶײǱľҲܹշѰϵǿߣ˸޷ȥͷ
λǲزۣԻվ۷塣
Ҫܡ
칬üͷ΢΢
۹⣬ܹȻ࣬ʱȥƺֲ£ǣʵÿһǵײ˵嶼ܵһ̶ȵĳƵԾҪǿֲ̫࣬ȻʱŴԽ࣬ͻԽԽԡ
Ϊ˵ĳԣȻ쵽ˣ֪һֱȥԼܣҲǳ飡
ȥˣ
һĨ⡣
ϵƵĲһƵ츳ͼ£ȴҪά֣ҲǼġ
¡
һը󣬽ɳԼٵĺˣڼԶĵ棬վסƶӡ
һӮ
³ûʲô¶ţϵϢ
˻ӡ
â嫺ĳӡ󶯣ͷ۳һ״
ˣ
Ī·۶ɵ壬ǽɣ͵ţһ貵âƳ룬嫣գ죬һסoһԶ칬ӵǶѹĵΪĸǿѪɫҰףĺˡ
ˣǾֲ⻹ʾѣͻƵʥףôһ£ضҪշ顣
һ
ĶһĨâ쭷֮УΡȻ˫ִͼ
ӡ
һֻ޴Ƴ֣o֣֮۶ɣӳһĪĴϣΧԪΪ֮˹
ɫģɫģɫģɫģÿһɫһֲͬԣԭӦǻųԣʱ֮ڣȻںΪһ壬Ϊһ
˻ȵʱ򣬷Ŀɿڴ顣
һɫһɫǺӣһɵ˸˸һͬƺƴԾͲͨ
ּ֮Ȼƿֲͬļ֮
Զ˾ڵɫǼһ
Բһ壬ǳʶûܹͬʱӵԵ
بˣ
ǣǰһĻȴǵ߸˳ʶֲ֪ͬԵļ֮Ȼһϱŷⲻ˵Ȼӵּ֮
̫ˣõ˶ЩӦ
볣ʶ߸𺳣ױȵģرԽ˽еˣ޷ܣ
칬ӵܣЩǱȳҪ̵Ķ࣬Ϊ칬ĹżЩżϣ칬µļʵ顣
һѪܵʵ˶ȥͷ
ǳ֮׼֮ôӵѵǡԣ壬ôܣ⾿ô£
͵õ߱칬ʱҲǱ𺳵ˣһԣͬɨɫϣͫ΢΢һ¶һĨ𾪣üͷףһ壬ӵԵġ
һֱҪ֪Ƶĵƣ˿̣ԸԳˣȴǾ޴ġ
֪ΪΣǵ׼棬ܵһļµƺⲻͨ׼֮ȴҲֲˣĵ㲻ͬ


1031 շһ
¡¡
ؾɫӿһֻ޴İɫӡڰ۶ɣ΢΢ζؾһը죬ΧĿռ䣬Ǻһţһۿɼƺƴˡ
ֻӡ֮ڣԪּ֮ϢңƺضҪˡ
ƴʱͼѾﵽʵ۷زֻҪʾʶܹܵˣԣſأֻۣӡ֮ڵѾﵽһǳµĵزǱߵ壬ϾȻҲΪ֮ѹ
һּΰƣƺܹշѹһУض²ƴϣƺһ֮ϣ
ֻСӡеƣŷƵǿ󣬶ԽԽɲ⣬ƾãǵ۷ĳ̶ȣǲܹ츲ˡ
ȡ죬
ӡ
ŷӡ֮ڵƺѾﵽһƿѾٵõʱ򣬷ӡһգ£ʱϵĴӡƶ
¡¡
޴ƣİ˸ƺ嫣һֻo֣֮ƶ䣬һҾںʻ죬ռڶҡƺѾܲסĴһΪ£ֲԶЩ칬ӵܺţѪ䣬ˤĸף
ǴƣӡֱӳԶĳѹȥ
ͣ
ʱ򣬳ɫ䣬ɬſڣһ貵Ѫû뵽֮ڣʱƸӵĺ嫣Ǿס֮ڵoƴ󣬾ƥѹһУռ𣬷ӿ
˻ӡ
Ĵûԥӡ߶壬žײȥ
̣
ײһ˲䣬һƬͨҫޱȣ۾ţһͨ쳹صըڶ쳹ֱõЩڰյ칬ӵȫƺ֮£Ǳ֡
һξײ޵еȫԸѾﵽʵ۷ƿٽһˣʥ֮ˣû˿Կ⣡
ʱУ칬ΪƽճΪǳƽġ
ǣײһʱ򣬴Ӿ֮ڣȻһɾĻϢϢ֮£һ˲䣬ͱֱֻӳ鱬ը⿴ȥǾֱշһ΢΢һ𣬱𺽣ŲԶĿɿڴĳѹȥ
ҪǱײУ޵壬ҲԻᱻշ
һҪô𣿡
һĻˣнһеζ˵
ã
ԾȻܣɫһ䣬Ϊѿ
ʱҲûа취ҪջطӡѾܣܸǻὫը飬ֻĿŲҾķ
ȴ֪˼칬ĵϣɱƶ˵ĵӵܣɲǺ飬һŭһָͷշԼ
ˣ
ͻأģռһصУƺ߸˹

һ̶ƿ˱ǿڳǰĿռ䣬ƺһ˫Īţֱ˺һ㲼һ˺ѣһ޼ʵѷͳӡֱӾײ˽ȥ
أ
޴ӡռ֮ڱըһ貵ĹâþòϢ˫ռĪʧ٣󣬿ռҲѸٵĺ£ػָһзƵʲôҲûһ
ǽ˵ĳԣ֪֮භԳܶˣ
ֽȫѻȸû˷ʲô
Ⲣ˵Ժŵһನ˳ܲˣɼΡ
ܣֻ֤Ķʵ̫ǿˣǿЩףˣϣֻһ³ǾǱշ顣
ֱֻܣȻûշǣǣȴǵĸշˡ

칬˿Щͷɥĵӣüͷݺݵ塣
ûȻһǿƣǣһܣʧȥĵĻƽᵴȻ޴棬ܹԼеǸĽᡣ
̬չֵزû뵽ģҲΪԳʵķģԲһֱûнͣ
ֱڣ޷⣬Ϊܳƽ£ֻӡܹշأ
ײһ˲䣬ӡͻأĻϢҲЩëȻƺһһļ¡


1032 ƺ

ĳ԰ȻԶ칬ӵܶ˿ͬʱҲŵķ
Ҳշɱ˳칬ΪԴЩԭ򲻻ɱԼǣҲԲԼùģرŮϣܲòˡ
Ƹ磡
쳹ĺŮżͬʱŷ˹ȥȻ죬ȴǴϲá
ȻԼĺƸ޵еģ˭Ҳܻ𶼰£˵һУʵʵ˿ɵУ
λŮɫ㣬ĸͬȴۼһ˵ߣʱȴûܹʵˡ
ǿˣҲȷֻӵʾɫ䣬Լʲôأ
Ȼ飬ȻʣǣȴûٸҳƣͷҶˡ
Ȼᣡ
ԶǴͷɥûнĳԣϵЦһգº͵Ů˵һǳųȥ
꣡
սսڳ壬Ϣйιëʹ⾪ս⣬ųȥ
Ѿˣ
ͬʱĻһӴƣҪֹǰеĽŲӽԡ
ֵģȻ칬
ˣ
ƲͷһĨĻȣһֱָ֣ųԣдų˵ˣӦս֮Ķûеķ֮ã
䣬Ǵ̶õΧ˶üͷǾʵΧ칬ӵܶȺŹˡ
칬ƺЩʲôȻɢȥ˽

̧ͷơ
㲻Ƿ˭ǣ
Ŀ飬̵ȷĸ㣬κһ˶ǿǧٱ
ѣ
ҧ촽иȭͷսڷԳһѪ˿ӼЩ
Ǹ߰ģһֱǣĿУԼ޵еģԣܹ޳ǵȾѹ
ѣ
ķӦǲźۼһĻȣüĻ̵ߵЩˣÿһս˻ܹΣǣпǸӣ㿴ڵ㣬ҵĳ㾹ȻֵûУ㲻Ƿ˭Ƿ
סڣҲǷ
ԲȻŭڷԳһĨ񣬻ڳ壬һ棬𣬳ŷƳɱ˹
̣
ȭͷݺݵײһ𣬲һ棬ԾͱŰľƷ˳ȥĵģ
ѾʧȥԭƣûţڵɳҲ߲۷塣
ǣ
Ʋû׷ǷЦ̫ˣĿڵ㣬һָͷշ
ɱҰɣ
ٴεʧܣõĳʧȥ˹󣬱۾
ȻǸ۲۵ķ
ƻսڳ壬򳿻ԣƣϹγһѪۣʹ۾
ʤңҲң
ҧݣбų
Ҳ㣬ھã÷㣬ֱ˷ʡ
ƴζĻ˵ţĵߣָԶŵ칬ӵ˵һȣֱһĲֵÿ춼ᱻ˻Σǣǰ֮ôǶһˣ칬Ҳʣһˣ˵Ϸ𣿣
⻰һĿɨܣһ˫˫ᶨƵĿ⡭
Щˣģ߸ϣܹĻǡ
ǣȴţûΪѹŶǷϣһƴΪģҪЩѹԼˣڽ£
ͻأģһƺȻڣɻĻָ񣬼ᶨ
ǰЩԼˣÿ춼˻ܣǶţԼΪʲôҪȥѵ˵Լǻ
ƺéٿһƥƴھϯ
ܣΪԼܣ
һģ
仰ŲԶһɽȥת۾Ͳټ
ҵţ
΢΢һ䣬ϵɢȥһĨЦ⣬Ůȥ
֪´Եʱ򣬳Կ϶ĸӵǿ󣬵ǣη壬Щڴ
ּĶ֣ǲɶãԺĥսһõˡ
ңӴķ˵Դʶ˸ǿ֮ĸܵΣǰǿ壬ռĵ̸ô죿
ƾԼһˣǾû취赲ĽŲģԣԸžʹ䡣


1033 ֮
սϻָƽһ˸칬ȥǧ칬ӵԭأþûзӦ
һս̫⣬ܣǷϣû߳ʧܵӰпʥҲ޷̤롣
ǣƵЩ̵Ļȴ
ԭֻһǳͨ飬Ѱ˵սܣⲢûʲô˵ģǣһһֱվ۷˵ȴĴ
ʧܣʵḶ́ûоʧܵˣ۷塣
ε¼ţֻҪԴʧܵӰлָĸΪǿԶڡ
ΪǰΪԼѾǿˣϽģǺǿңǾ֮ΣУʶ仹бΪǿ˴ڣҪǿǾͱϽͻһֿһȷĿ꣬һ볬ԽĿꡣ
ԣֱǶ϶´Եʱһոµò
ֻͨҪ¶ŬϽǶõ벻ջ糿츳ˣһԽңɳһµĵز

Σл㣡
֮󣬿һЦķƣ칬Ÿп˵
ЩȻԷƺһУĻм
糿˵̬Ҳидˣ̫ˣЩͻңǣģǷϣңǷϵˣʵԽǿΪʢ
ﻰҿʲôҲû
ǴһĨЦ⣬嵭˵ţ˿û˼õ칬ӡһ㡣
ӣ̫ˣǣЩ̾뵽ĳɳʷ֮ҲͻȻˡ
һ죬һϽģΪŨңˡ
ʵվڷƵϣҪм칬ŵⳡȶڼ̵ʱͻϾأ
ңδսܹоĵս֮ٴεõ˴󻡶ȵ
״̬Ȼб׶ˣǣȴҲʮֵѵãҪոպãܹǿƵѹȴʱ޷ɱŻ᳹׵ļǱʶһԭʼĿһȼܹ뵽Ϊս״̬ȥ
Ƕ̫ǿˣʱѾʥ׵ĳԣǾ;·һ״̬ҲԽȥ
飬һ˵ģϣ˵Ļ
칬˿Ŀڷϡ
һȷǸ۲۵СأҲѹŮӶصĸ
ܹƵת֤Ĳ½߳ӣǶ̶ʱ䣬Ѿɳܹ볬࿹ˣ
ģ
ǵЦŨˣĳֵллȫ
һ󣬷ƴŮֻѩ࣬칬Ԫ۹ȥ

ȻһЩۣܵ˵칬֮ջͦģʽ칬ңͻһȽףֵ۷һȴûжϲá
ΪѰ˿ɲһڵġˡоϣϾͻ췣ϻʲô޷ơ
ϵ췣Ŀǰʵûеġ
һΣǻ֮µȣض췣֮£ﻹ㻹õ췣
ҲΪ췣ʤԣȻֻǾͻƵϣҲܵĿܡ
Ե̫ˣ췣շǳ֮׼ֻ֮֮࿹
С
¶˾ġ
ΪһɽȸУʲôʱͻƵϣҲ޷ԤϣԣӵжԿ췣ĵƲС

ǻĹżĹĹĹŹ״ڸģֻӵ֮ܳ
Ҫ޵ּ츳һ͡
޵츳֮ǲͬģǵ츳ϣƿصϵģԣʱѾ߱츳ķ츳ȸ츳Ŀռ츳ҲͲ׻츳ˡ
츳ΪӴ˽ղ룬ˮ֣Ϊ֮塣
ǣҪҵ׻߰׻ᣬף
׻᣿
⣬ƹ죬ץһӣŵ⣬İ׻һڿ϶У
ǻ˵𣿡
⻰Ʋɵķ˷ۡ
ֵطԼȥ𣿴׻һȥ͵ԣǾֻ·һ
Ȼ䣡
ƻǾȰʥҽʥҽפɽ˵


1034 Ҫ
ʥųԴֳʸ񡭡
ںɽҲѾˣֻһЩ̽ʵΪʥĬ
ҵ˱ȻʱʥҪңɽõԴֳɵԲ
رǸ󳬷ǵõĺô࣬ôĿķأ
˵ʥʱֻҪҶһͷͻЩȻŭһСľͻ
һĵˣʥܲͷʹ
ʱʥɽʥ֮ڣһƬˣǶЩͷҲ̧
ʥҪǿƣǻ׾ٵ飬ڣѾ˲ܵ顣
ⲻ˵ű˴
ߣΪҹʥҲô׵顭
׹֮ڣһĺ˰ŭ
鷢չĿǰزռҪأѾûõˣڣʥȴһŵƣһڳҲĵƣ
ڿʼֲȥÿҹʥɽֲľȼʡڣҪͨڶվҹʥߣ𣿡
͡
ûеõĴΪ֮׷Ӧǡ
ǹʥΪԼµһŵˣؼʱǲõģڶãҲ֤ѾͶ·ˡ
ડ
ȥ֮һŲ𣬴Ӱ߳һӣĿĿ£Щ԰ס
û𣿡
˻Ƶ³΢΢Ĳ֤ʱƽ
޷£ħߡħȻշ⾿Ҫǿһʲôĵزõ
벹һԲˣǳ϶
ŮģûһǺ۸ģرǸӵԵģ𾪣ףŮӣ϶ռҰĵƼӵܣ
ȷû
׹֮ڴȻûŭЩζ
ǧ񣬷ѾʥʱĻۣһ𣬻ΪУǻһˣԻĺѿ
ǣʥȴûӵ˼Щ
ɼ˽ӵĴԣҲݵġ
ҪɱһҪɱ
ЩɫЩɲҧгݵĵͺţںˮ
ҲǱƴ̫ˣңԽԽãԼǷƵĶ֣Σڴ̼޷ƽ

Ǽӣʥɵ̾һһĨӡ
ԼһЩ˷ͻ֮󣬾ֻʣԼһϵˣԼȴҲһӣǽһжӵϣǴͷõıԴ֮ҲȫΪģܹԼһ巢
һзչĶùʥ⣬ǣԴӴ½֮󣬱ͬħһЩʧȥˡ
ΨһоοǣӵϽĻǼΪǿҵģ
Ҫǿ
侲˵ţһ˫ڵ˫ֱŹʥû˿Ĺ
û⡣
ʥǵûգЩĿҰĲĶӡ
ֻҪܹǿԼʲôǲģ
ڣΪ˴Ϊ˻ǿԴ˵
ͷʲôǷųʲôҲֻ£һɵģԼ
ǶûԵģ
ΣҪԼȥ
ȴǴ˵ЩĲڷԳɡ
ֻӵˣܹ鵽ǿ󣬲ǼСƶѣѾΪǲܵĴڣӵȫأ
У
ʥһھֱӾܾˡ
ͷΪΣգÿһȥӴʱ򣬶м̳е˵²ŻȥңҲйǶͻȻŭɱ˵ӡЩһһģڱӼ̳УȻӲܳκ⡣
ΪʲôԣҾҪҪøǿȻܻɱСӡ֪ҶˡħߡҶˡħߡ޷ɱ𣿣
ӻںȣһܳĶħһſڳŹʥţЩ˻
ʲô㾹Ȼˡħߡ
ʥɫһ䣬ѿ
ûǣţû𣿣ҲɱԻɱҵģԡȥҪøǿȻһɱҵģ
Щ͸¶־


1035 һ
ħߡʲôʥһ΢ӽ˵ʱ֮ҲһɺȻ
ȻܹסħߡѹҲɵΣС
ˣҪԼĹʥҲǲܵ飬ң˼ƴ󣬶ԼȴԴֳҲûˡ
Ƕ˹ʥĺԮ
ǰûзֳҲûʲôǣƫƫԼһǧžѾȫˣѩϼ˪
ңھôһ֣Ѿûκ׽ʥˣҪʣҪԼȡãΪûʥκνˡ
ףģһһøǿһ֪ĽСκвġ
ʥѾɶӳ˳ǿڱ֤
ãһԣ
ʥԥãһҧӦ
Ѿû·ˣǲƣʥɽȥǸЩ˷Լ٣Ǿֻ·һ
ٺ٣
ӦһЦھǳĿΪɲ´ΣҶҪɱ㣡

žڣûз磬û꣬ûκڣľҲûУĿȥͺͺһƬǻĮֻһɽ崣

һ̶ƿɽ֮ͻأı˺һӣ棬ӰһɽΧҲǧ֮
ǧ֮ڣȫˣҲл޵Ĵڡ
ΨһͬһǣЩ˻޿϶ܲΪǲһ㣬ĿһƬͣû¶
ãûзʲôĵģǿ¡

ù󣬿ռٴαʥӴռ֮˳ɽ岻Զ
ô£
Щ޶ԭûбɣʥʱһ㶣жʱһɲõԤС
ҵˡ
ʥûԥӣͶĹɽ֮ǰޱȳ羴
ΧɾĵģûлӦ
ҵѵǶεʳﲻ𣿡
ûлʥЩ΢΢ĲдŲˮܲա
ɲǿЦģͷ﷢ŭǶԣδĲ˻ǻޣǶǴﵽʾĴڣ
ҵҪȥһʳ
ϵţ޾ļžľ壬ëǷ
֪Լ뻢ıƤһСľͻᱻϻԵǣΪΪ˸ûѡ
Ͷ壬ȴòȴûпһԹŵȴ̧ͷ
һߺ޾Ȼԭ峺Ŀ⣬ģվŲԶɽһһȥ
һУڻֵ̿еĹʥȫȻûע⵽ֻǲϵš

һͨڵľ޳ߣڰգɢƣһɾ޴ѹӳӿΧĴش鿪ռ䵴ϯ˷
ҵ֪ˣˡ֪˰ɡ
ɾѹʥЩ񣬳˻̿Ӳ
ۣ
ħߣͨ͸Ĺ˾ãǾǾĵһޱȵĿ£һҲһıɵĴһǺƽ֮쳹˳õⷽľǾĵһ
ǸӣǶħߣɽ忿š
һ˫Ѿʧȥɣһ߿һģԽԽǰһֱֻ۰˹ɽ֮ϡ
Ҫ
ʥΪܲ춯պ̧ͷǿĻ˻еȥ
ۣ
Ƶ쳹ںڵħ·֣е֮󣬴ӳһ춯صѹֱӽ˳ȥѺ۰߰ߣѪӿȫѣ
ûҲʣһˡ
ʥںѪһƬֱվɽ֮ǰӣ޵İûڡ
֪Լһˣ
ħ߱ӻǰ̫Сˣûз
İ
ôĿ๦һΪУµıԴȴǸֻ˼ױ
ʱЩɣǲǾֻƺõģȻôܽԼıԼһأ
пЦǵ͹ͷƣ
ҲǣͷﵱֳôĶǴ᲻֪ԼһĶ
ˡ
ı۾Ѫʡ


1036 
ۣ
ߵ֮ڣ󣬹ǺЩ봫˵еĵƣƽңƺͽħ
УҪֹһУ
ͻأģԭѾĹʥڱһ⣬ϵ˿ڴӨӨİ׹⣬һɲ˿ڣȻۿɼٶš
ˣ
һƴһΪʥУʥ࣬վһʥ񣬻Ϣȣ󣬵Χƽɽ壬ҪǸӡ
ۣ
ںڵħٴεһħ⣬ϯȥһ·ǺϢңһշ
ǣ
ʥȣȫǳе룬ŹϵâһԶŴ۸ƴ󣬶ʱضΪ֮𶯣ΧĿռѣ¶һƬƬڵռ䣬ʮֲֿ
̣
ħҵײһ𣬶ʱѣռ飬ݣͬĩһ綼ҪըˣХΧ춯ҡڲԶɽ壬ȴȫȻΪƤëδˣ¶һĵĴϡ
ͣ
ʥٴα׷˳ȥѪ죬ѿǹһĲ
Ҳùģ
ûͣ£Ƿĳ֮õٴθһ綼ڶҡƥƣĳǱħײȥ
¡
ضݻˣƬռѣ޷£ΧһƬռ䣬޼ʣֻɽɣҡ̩ɽ
һεײ̫ңħϵĹ˲٣Ƽǰʥ״ٴμ񣬿ģһһεײţҪ֮ײ٣ȳԼһһѪ
쵰ȻһҺ£
ʱֱɽϵͻأתɫĳŹʥϢΪ񱩡
ſȻھͳȥѾѵϢȻӡ㣬ʱ͵ڴ˱ɣ
ʥѾһˣ񣬻â󣬳ɽ
ΪԼһһ磬Ѿͷַˣ

ЦӿдϴһĨЦ⣬Ȼ¶ˡħߡѵ㻹֪𣿣
ʲô
ʥɫ΢΢һƺʶʲô
ӶΪٴαӡӣΪǻеӡ𣿣
ʲôѾٴηӡˣ
ʥɫһ䣬Ŀǿֻӡɽϵơ
ֻϣһļµʣȫ뵽ڡ
ſ
ʥҧгݵĺڷһѪ˿ƻ
ǶôҵıԴϴôãֱ̫ˣ
ʣϣ¶һĨܵ顣
ģ
ʥӱЩʱŷ֣Լһļƻͷֱһ
Ҳùģ
ڷԳɫǽ飬ҲԲܳģ
ˣ
¾Ѫ֮ϣŹϵȫ߶һ֮渡ͬǹ֮۸ռ䶼ЩҡˣǺˮһš
Ҫ֪ռһĸռ䶼ˣô½Ҳķѣ½һ
쵰
ǻдȴҲ޼£ۿ۾ҪѣһĨȻ
ֻܷˣ
̾ϢһоǲʣЯͷħߣĳռȥͷҲء
𣡡
ʥ״⣬߶񣬴۸һ˫ͨһУ⼱ȥײӡ
̣
ͨ쳹صľռ˳Χڶͬһĵϯ
ô
ǵǱӰħԶȥʥһһĨȻ
ˣ᲻ɱԼһѪȻֻǻĻûʲôѶȡ
ܰ
һ˲䣬ʥȥ˥࣬ԭȥ˵ת۾ͱ˰ʮͷӣư߰ߣϡ
ҾͲţ㲻
ռ仺£ʥɽǰĿˡ
֪ͷ϶ģΪӡɽ֮ڣ


1037 ǽ
࣬һڵǳζȻΪȴ͸¶һɼϢת˲ʧ
ţ
Ԫ۹ڣѩͻȻһļ£תʡ
ôˣ
ֻؼɻĿСʵȴȻķ֣ѩ˫һƬͨǳ֡
ʲô
Ϊѩյͣͣ˶վԭصȴţһĨâ֪ΪΣоȻô̤ʵǳʲôһңƺԼйϵ
վһԣȻǴЦǣڵȴأʱɨѩĶ̬
վڴߣɫϽ˫ĻǺӲã˵˭ҲĻǷһ͸Уȴ޷ĺ塣
ɫתףͷ˴εĺˮ˳£ҲЩ΢ƺڳʲôѹһ
ĻٲˣҲ֪϶ʲô·ˣ֪УƵЦҲڲʱ˵ľ⡣
ʦܹͨ쳹أܹȥδ֪ƾ࣬ҲܹһЩ֪ͷܶ׼
ΪʦǶԼҪĴ󼪴׵飬һĸӦƾΪǳܹһ
ڣʵģ϶ǳʲô󼪴׵飬ȻѩĹע
ţȿȡ
һ߹ѩ۾һĿĵѪ£˼ˡ
ôˣ
һԵæסҡҡ׹Ľżʵϴŵǡ
ͬʱ˵ĿⶼǷϡ

Ϣѩ۾ʾſԼ
ˣ
һۣߴٵϽ˵Ƿʲôˣ㿴㶼ʲôˣǵġ
ѩû취ֻţתˣɫһЩص˵ҿĲ࣬һ棬һڵǳʻ
ʲôǺ»ǻ£
ʵ
֮ף
˵仰ѩɫ԰׵ı۾磬˵
֮ף
˽һ㶣Ȼ
˵ǰӦǺ²Ŷ԰ƶԴȨֽӻŮôͱɻأ
ѩȴҲ˵ѣӦʲôõĳطˣֻǣǲ֪ѡ
Ȼ
˵ʱ򣬷һ֪ΪΣᵽǿڵǳʱԺھȻһӵס
ǹʥǸӣ
ѵ
һĨɻâ´μ棬ȡ
½һμ棬֪ӻΪԼľУԴһսԤиŨ
ӵеа̫ǿˣӦĸƣΪӵ췣ֻ޷ܻɱ
ڲͬˣȻϿ׵ĿԽԽо췣ǿ󣬻ɱˣӦò⣡
뵽⣬ѹеĸУָƽ
ǽ
΢΢һüͷ£ɨһߵķ֮ϲŻ
ȻѩʣǾڴϢһڸϻ½
˿ԼƱǿ˵ʾѩطȥϢ
ڶһ磬һ˱ǳųȥлڣ򿪿ռݲ⡣

һ̶ƿ쳹Ϸͱ˺һɲĿӣڶ˵ע⣬۳ĴҲ˳ڵѷ죬üͷ
Բһһѷ죬ǣҪ˵Ȼȴǲ֪ﲻԣֻܾôĵȴţʲô˴򿪵ѷ졣
ʵģʥ˾Ͷˡ

һӰѷ߳˶ǾĿ⿴ͬһˣھ졣
ˣڳפǵ˵ȻİЩ½פˣȴһҲʶֻߵ˴һ֮󣬶ʱӶһһĨ
֣д½ĸ֣˭˲֪˭˲
Ȼôᡭ
ӣ˶ɵ˿ˣڶǻȵĳ羴
ʣˣضǵż񣬷ܶĿ꣡

ɨһΧ峤ɫ֮󣬳ĴЦһӭȥ
峤
ƹĺûаֹưõķֱͷоǻϲ
һЩˣһɾ;ĸӹĳأ


1038 
ڷƣ˳˸пǼʣпĳɳʷܹõӵܣõԭѾįķңٴε۷λá
⼸λǣ
˼䣬Ŀǿߵļ绨ŮӣȻвµǵݣǻǿʵ
λѩ
һһΪţΪǷҵ峤ĸŮӶǿкرŮЩҳĻ̡̻
ˣ˵ûһݼ򵥵ģǳԺɽĳݲףʮ۹ִӴǵʱҲǿͿģ˿
ԣݶԣǿɶ߹峤
ǽһݣ΢Ŀ˼䣬һͬǳȥ
үӣҼ˷Ѿվһ𣬿ǵǺΪ
ף
үү
ֱ𽾺һ˽߻У죬Ҳ쳣ļ
£˼ǻϲǵᣬŮ칬ߣҵ˵ǲ٣ǵõƵı֤ȴһֱЩ̤ʵڼŮȻǼ֡
ҵ˶ǷǳΪǰŮĴڣֻһңԶڵĸ߸ϣĽ׷
Ȼ˵ҵʵһʥؼҲ޷⣬ǣǵĵλȴߵģǵ۳ǵ壬ҲǿͿģѰǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
λϣҲûԣΪ֪һжǷҴģԼʵ̣ȴʳȲϡ
һжںתΪзṩʣҲֻʱѡ
ú󣬡¡ʥصʥҲ˹ûмߣһĨ
һֱоԼǷŮŮ֤ûĹĹŮ
ģһ߶ģ
ڵĨȻƶڱ֤š
ЩҲˣɽĳУûһԡΪģԣѰȡܹһžۡ
󣬷糾ҲӷҴӪ˹ļ˾ۼڵ۳ǷҴԺĴЦϵĴ
Ȼ죬糾үӣ˷бʥһ飬ϲУƸһߴ󴵷ޣõļ˴ЦƵװû
ʵҲͷ˽⣬˲жţԭǣĿڣԭЩ΢ձͱǢ
ǱŮΧŮĳƺǰ绨ֵһͺϲϡ
ԼôϱȫȢؼˡ
ȷÿĸϣģھֻˡ
һ뵽̧ͷŷ˵ƶĻ£ʲôʱ찡
£
һǲĿǽ߲ѵŮ϶ʱ¶һĨЦ
˵׼ңʵȴҲûʽľйŮҲʱÿⷽˡ
ƶȻĸ׵ġ
վЦݵ˵
ʱҴѾȶʥҽʥأʥвƾԼԴݣռҲ£ȻôܹһֱԼأ
ԣѾûʲôˣֻҪԼƿ䣬ӻĸŮͿһžˡ
һ˵ŮǽߣͷȥصĻУȴޱȵۡ
˵ϣҪͬʱȢˣǲడ㣬칬ῴ㣿

糾ڴЦվү˷˵λ׼ҲͬĻǾѡһգ°Σ
ʱ½ĵλҲǶһ޶ģǷƴ飬ǽһʢ¡

ү˷ҲǴЦվ
˶Էƻʲôأ˷һСѾˡ
ǿԣȻҪǵС׿ڴӦа
үЦݣȤţõǽߣ
ŮȻǧϣǣҪǰԴӦȴЩ˵ڡ
һѩĽֻǣЩС֣ţһƬᶨ
Ȼ칬ҲѾĬǣҪһĻһѶȵġ
ٺ٣
վ˵ºһӣҿͦģһˡ
ãôˣ
糾Ҳûж룬ֺǺǵľʹӦ


1039 
ҹŮȻǱȥˣƣ糾죬һ֮ڡ
峤Ǽ壬פɽˣ
֮󣬷һصЦݣŷ˵
Ŷ
һڶʱӿһɼ
ϴηƻ֪פɽѾʱˣֻǲ֪ô졣
ɽӵеԴܹģԼպķչ뷱ʢǺаġ
һֱ½ȻʱûĸܹҡҵĵλǣɽЩľͻԽԽԶ
ƶǸʥ
糾΢΢üͷʵ
ϴηƾʥ£Ȼǳʮ۹뵱ںɽ۷Ҳûдﵽ۹ֲΣһǿѹȷңֻǲùһΣա
ʥѾвˣҶҷң
һĨâǹһĨǳǳĻȣ˵
Ŷ
糾ͬʱһ㶣жӿһɾϲ
ǿǷǳ˽⣬·ǳϳɣȻô˵ģȻĵ
ѵʥѾˣ
뵽Ƶǿʵһ˫۾ֱŷơ
ûС
ҡҡͷ˵ʥںɽѾãӰðȻֻǻ𲻱Ҫı
һеϵ˱˹
峤֪ԴĴڣ
ǣϴһĨЦ⣬ŷʵ
Դ磿
ԣ͵һһĨ⣬Դʯ֮أżйء뵱ҷҲ壬ԴϣҲӵԴֳɵȨģֻϧһ¼֮ҷҵľȥֻˡ
о̾ϢԴһڴ
ԴʯĶ٣ȷһĸⶫĺôΪʥ׵ķǼΪ˽⣬ֻΪһֱûԴҵԴʯѾ֮ˣΣʱ̣ǲóˡ
峤ʲô
֣óһָ׸˷졣
ʲô
һ㶣ǲ鿴ָʱһ˲ͫױ͵չ͸¶ȵľ֮ɫŴ޶ȣ˴״̬ȻӦˡ
ʲôָ֮ڣȻȫԴʯһƬ貶ˣޱȣȻ֮
ʱǳ˽ԴţȫԴʯװָ棬öԴʯֱӾ˷۾Ӧˡ
ȻһԵķ糾֪Ƿʲô飬ҲԴʲôطķ˵ķӦ֪϶ǷóʲôĵĶˡ
ʱھοǵЦŨˡ
ԼĶӣģκ˶㡭ûзӣãԼһΪȷľ
⡭ģ
ãŷӦ˹Ŀ࣬úǼѵĿʵ
ױȵģҸ̫ͻȻģɣǲȥԴרǿˣҪȻôôԴʯܷҵõԴʯܶҲɣϾҲǸСͼѡ
ʵȷǲ¶ˣҪһӻŪôԴʯ
ġ
һ䣬ʵʵ˵ˣõķֱӾʯˡ
뷴ǣƵҲ˵ѣƺڳһʵ
ϾӵһԴҲΪ鷳һˣһʱܹõġ
㲻һɣ
뵽ЩԴļأĺ˿һ䡣
š
ҲûͷˣõķֱӾ͵һپڸһƬ𾪡
⻹һ尡
ڷҹżϼУȥԴģǶǸ壬ľӵܡڣƾȻˣ
÷ܹܵˣҪ֪УҲǸϾ˶ѣ۷嶼ûдﵽ
ȵȣϣ
˻
ɵٴεһǰӣڿһһ
뿪ãȻѾﵽϾˣ
Ѿ𾪵ױȣ޷ˡ
һżһһ嶼٣ǻʲôǰ첻ģ
ǺǣʵֻһССѣûʲô˵ġ
ƵһЦҪһգȴõķг鴤ѡ
һ壬ֻһ⣿
ⶫҷңȷںɽˣ
񣬺Ǽ˵
öԴʯ֧һˡ


1040 ܿ
㡭ʲôҪ˵ģ
˳񣬷˼Ƕһֱ΢Цķʵ
Դʯˣҵȷܹ㹻ʣֻʱ⣬Ϊе֮ڣȻܲЩǣ׷ʮ۹пܵģ
ǣûбϰ˶ԴʯһȥǾһ£ûĸ᲻ۺ죬ʱķңαסʾ޴ĲƸأ
ǣʱȴκλңǲ˵аձסʾ޶Դʯ
峤صģû˸Ҵҷҵ⡣
Ȼ֪ڵʲôֱ˵ԴڣƿһԴȻʱҷֻռһɷֳɣǣڵķѾ㹻ˡ
ʲôƿһԴռһɵķֳɣ
仰Щķ糾ǾûʲôǣȴǾ඼ҪˣѪѹһͨ죬ǿŰɫ
ļǵ÷ҵĹż汻ΪԶҫһ
Դڣҵţ绪ʢΪҶ˰ٷ֮һķֳȨ
ٷ֮һǷҶùԴֳߵһΣ绪ʢ֣˷ʷ֮ڡ
ǷȴǸԴƿһԴӵһɷֳɵʸ
ĳж󣬿֪
ȻֻһɣֻҪҷˣֳЭ飬ʱԽиģ
ٴ׳һըԵϢķκģЩվȽˡ
ԴķֳЭ飬Ȼʱܹиģ
ֱδţ
Ҫ֪ԴԴķֳЭ飬ͶµģӹһֱûиĹڣƾȻ˵ܹĸЭ飿
˵ʵڵģʱЩܲˣ̫ͻȻˣϢ̫ˣҵƶЩӦһҲˡ
ʱǷֻӵԴķֳȨˣеľϲǴʱϲǱһǧһ򱶣
ԣվԭʯһʱò׵ģŽϢ
㡭˵ģģ
Щ˫ŷƣƺں·ֻڿЦѡ
Ȼġ
Ƶ˵ͷЭ˳ݵУ˵칬ΪĹϵΪĹϵ칬ΪѩԣŶһɷֳɳɽЭ飬ռɷֳɣҽˣԣʱ˭ҴԴ⣬ҲӲܵġ
еЭ飬ƶڲţ˫죬ɫǼ
ⲻǼٵģҲΣģӵһԴ
ЭдǷƸ˵ԴǹͬеģֳɵķҲһ˾ģ
ۣӻҷҰ
۾˵ţ۽ǾȻЩʪ
Эļֵ޼֮ӵ˵ĳϷѾ󳬷֮ϣ
ΪӵֱӸЭȨ
Ȼʱжôǿᣬǣȴ֪ʵڸ嵱Уǿơ
ܹóװ׵͸壬ɼҲǺǵ
ʱˣΪЩĵЭǩЭˡ
糾˸öӣ
۾һŵķ糾Щ˵ҷңΪ٣
˵⻰˼ʵѾҪ峤λøˡ
Ȼƴʱʵδȥ涼ѾԼţڷУԻһǰ˶޷۷塣
л峤佱ʵСӿɿ䲻ðһͽˣԺ󣬻Ҫ峤ൣһЩ
糾һֱһ֪⣬ȴ֪ƿ϶ʲô˲õ飬佱Ҳǻϲ
Ȼڷ֮ûеκεְλǣλǳģҲȲ죬ִǷ峤Ҳܲġ
Ļ˵ֵɣ˲żüãҲ帣ʱ£ҲͲˡ
ҵҪÿζ־ϲҴδοûⰡ
СеЭ飬ҲǴЦţڷŵˮ⡣
Ҿһȥõķį˻½룬Ҫػغɽ磬صԼȥ
ϧ½ϣȴһһ˥ˣѾŵ۳ҲѾվȽŵĵز
ʱеЭ飬ףʱԽפɽˣңκεӡ
Э飬ֱӾƿһңֱȡķֳʸȻٷָˣţܶȥҵùͷģ


1041 һ
һĻǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬к㡣
ҪģԼļվ˵˭ǰ
ڣѾ߳һΪˣΪ壬ϣ
ҪڱͷϣǣȴԼļˣô򵥣ҲһֱĿڷܶ
ˣ
еЭ飬Ŀͣ棬ʵ
ΪƸûἰ£֪糾Ҳᰵʱһ档
뵱ΪŮӵĴڣʱԼһҿ϶ˡ
ʱһССӶžܹ׵ԼһңڣȴѾվ½۷ϡ
ϣ˭Ҳ֪δᷢʲôԣھѾȨ죬ûʲôܼǣԼӵܵĹܿȴǷǳϸģκӵˣط壡
棬˶أ
ΪƵ𣬲õ
ڣǷˣĸҲͬõ½ϰĺתͬʱҲõĸͨڸмŷҡ
û
ϴһĨ۵Цݣ˵ͷ
磬һֱĸǣʼһֱǣ
Ǻǣãܺð
챾ҪϲϽңǿеЭ֮ϵЦݱŨ
󳬷˼ңһҽΪ÷δ·ӵĺˡ
ƶԸ㣬ĸԺҪúöԴǣƫģȻҿɲ㣡
糾һԿڸ
׷ģƶ֪ġ
ҲǺĻشš
ǼŮͣǵǻͷʹڿദǢ˵Ѿˡ
ѽǶѾඣҲˣǰˡ
Ŀ˷һۣȥѾλ֮⡣
ΪãֻзƲںɽסӣŷߵĸԶ
峤ɱô˵
Ȼܹĳ˼һԵķ糾ˡ
ǺǣСһ֪ϹͷѾصôˣЪǰɣ
ЦʵǿЦģǾãԷƵǣܹʤη峤λá
⡭
ԣϴһĨЦ
ȻҪ𣬵ǣȴϷ峤λá
峤һкܶҪһȥҵ߶ĸŮǽӻһžۡ
š
ǰ峤ƶᣬΪ˴̫ۣ峤λãɻҪ
糾Ҳ֪ԼӵӣǿΪ˵
˺ˣ֪ǲϹͷեǲˡ
˰֣ת糾˵糾ɲԶμפɽ磬ҲҪС
ദҲЩʱ䣬ȻҲ˽⣬ԲܽСӵĽŲģǣνפɽ磬һ˵ȷǿ𣬱һ׵˸Уγһε
ң糾ʵҲһˣǷҵļ򽻵ⷽ滹ֵܹ

糾ĿԼôݽȥˡ
ɲƳˣ
ҪָܾеЭ飬˵ⶫŪģүһҪͿ˭ˡ
ôһ˵糾ˣƲڳǾֻײܴ˵̬ˡ
ȻˣΪҷңһҪһˡ
ҲֻܴӦˣʵҲҪʲôҲ¶¶ѡ
Ͷ
ˣֶŷ˵ЩôŪģСҲý˰ɣ
֣Դ֮ôһô壬Ȼһ˴ˣ
ңԴǴŪģ
ڹż濴˶Դ޵֮ˣҲնɱһͷԴһȺԴޡ
ţôҲⲻ
ģԴڣշһͷħ֣ͷħֺ⣬ֻɱһҲ⡭
ƽԵ˵һԼεԴ֮ãڷ𺳵Ŀ£óһѵ˵ֻҪˣͲܵͷħֵϮɱ
óǼöƵصĽ⼸ö壬ֻҪǵ֮˳ţָܹͷħκ飬ӵˣܵԸɱ
ΪԷһƵ壬һߣҲûӲκãֻҪǷҵ֮壬ͷħ֣෴Ļᱻֱɱ


1042 ȱ
ԭ
ƵĽͣϰڷŵ壬ˣΪָܹˡ
ӵԴ޵дڵħ֣ʲôǲأ
Ĵ˰
ҲҪʵ˲ܵõ
Ϊҵ峤ȻǺͿˣ̵һ㡣
ͷħ֣Ȼ޵еģܹɱһ壬ǣôѱأ
ȻƲû˵̣ǣҲ򵥣
ͬʱҲˣⲻֹһԴ⣬˵ԺԴֳɵȨѾһƿ˷ҵС

ţɵĺͼ˷ǳļ
ֱ̫˼ˣӹû˰쵽飬ȴǱһСһ쵽ˡ
ҷң㣡
òŷ˵
Ѿ޷ԼˣףʱȻǳǣҲѾ൱ǳˣ
峤һˣһѪ
糾һ˵
һˣ빲
ûһˣ
ӦţڳĴЦڷỨ
֪Լһˣᱻʷ֮ڣȥﾴ
˹һ˭ϣ֤Լڹ
ЩЭ飬ͽ峤ˡԺԴ飬ҲҪ峤ҪķֳЭ飬Ҹ׵˼ҵ˼˭ȥ壡
˿˼֮󣬷ƽ彻УһĽš
ãһÿܻŭ˭ùţܹЩ׵Ĺϵ
ף
ҲЦ뼤صӦСĵĽЭЩպá
Щ޼֮ǲüֵģʲôʧ
öԴʯպȡʣԱҷҿ𡣡
ǽöָ˷С
ʱлöԴǾԲܶģպʥףóߵľ硣
ɽһöԴʯҲû׼ʥҽʥؽפɽõġ
úã
ָᣬȴǾúܳƶЩ
ҲʵöԴʯڵķҸˣڻóȡһЩõʡ
ΪѾȱԴʯˣԴһɵķֳɣǶˣ˭Ҳûı䡣
Ҫ֪ǰӵһɷֳɵģɾǳҲһң
ܹһٲʢ룬жˣѵһ᲻
ҹڳ̸Ҳ¶Լ˼ҪƳߵľ磬ҵĵλŻİȡ
ûǿļ壬ӵ˵ľ޿УҲһͷѡ
峤ģҶҵļˣ˭ҲУ
ı֤š
˶һĿУԴΪĿģ
ȻȥӹףǣҲÿ˶Ҫģ
㣡
΢Цŵͷ
Ȼһֱûϣǣ֪ƾԾһ֮
ˣעҪվ۷壡
ºĻˣҪ׼׼
ã糾ֽת˷ϡ
ηƴ飬Ƿͬ죬󳬷ĺӵܣݲҪȢǣȻҪ׼һЩĲС
Ȼ˵ûӣ󳬷Ҳһûӣ
׷ģһ׼׵ġ
ǹЦ⡣
ŮĹϵԴѾǹˣԣ϶кܶſƾóʲôĲԣǲܵġ
ȴѲƣ
߲
ⶫǾǼƷʥԽǸ߽׵˵ԽأǲԼӣ
ϴöѾڹĽָҵˣһﲢûϽȥɼҲҰĲ
ǾҪһöҪȥժȡС
ӡڣҲ̫⡣
Ϊβι뱩¶ԼƵԵʡ
Ȼ֮ҲһȥأǣͬʱöιԻ˻ɵȥ
߲ͲͬˣΪǶʦʹõҲ϶ܣᱩ¶Լĵƣγһ
ʣ˭ܹ뱱ȥժȡ߲
ܹõȻ֤Ҳǻɣǲǻһµ
Ǿ͸ӲҶҵˣ߲֮ѡ
Ҿͷˡ
糾ЦϾ⡣
һҹ̸ģڶ峿˲Ǵ߳켱ҴҵĸϻطҴӪȥˡ


1043 ô
ϲ֮վҪˣȻûһˡ
ʥҽʥصģ
˳ŵӻһ飬ȻԼŵԡ
ԣ
Сڣ
һʣһۣŻشǼһǼЩϹŶеıʲôõĶãǿҪɷʥˣϴβûȥԴ硣
СҪͻʥˣ
ĸв죬ЩȻǾϲ
Сɲһ򵥵ˣʱͬʱ߱ǳ֮׼֮ռ츳ͻƵʥףԻǼΪɲĴڣ
Ҳǣռҿɽ֮һĳȫ˵ţӹҲܹɱţ
ǿµĵ£СʥףⲢǲܵ顣
ҪСڸ
ɻʵ
Ҫȥһʥҽʥء
ƴһĨڨЦʵ˵ˡ
ҲҪȥ
ôһᣬŮͬĵ
Ȼ֪Ҫȥʥҽʥظ𣬶ǸԸ˺ԼҲԸȥ˺˵Ůӣʮֵĺ棬Ҫ
ðɡ
ŮǵԲ۾в飬ֻܴӦˡ
Ŀǰĸ˴ļʺС΢΢ԣҲ̫ġ
ΪҪʥҽʥزȥɽĴԣҲһͬǰ
糾˵Ե֮ڻƵĴ£һ˱ֱӸʥҽʥء
ݣ˽ʥҽʥȻ⣬λ֪ǳӭˡ
λðɣ
ͤͤվŮǴЦ˹ȥ
ʥ࣬ͬǾһʥʣڷ裬Ľëˮ촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬ټ˫޳ԲĳȣŮˡ
λ㡣
һ۷ƣŮ
ÿƯѹֽĳ˵ĻǶԵȥ
Ŀ˫ɨɵĿ佱
Ůһ佱ʱߵһȥˣģûûˡ
λ̫ϳϣһ˵
ϴжظЦݣλ˵
룡
λ˿Ĵǳһ˹ȥ
֮󣬽ȻǻѾʰĳϲôʹ󡭡
һΪŹֵĴɽǵĴЩһǣϸȴв֮ͬ
ɽǵĴֻںɽʹãȴܹ򿪿ռıݣ
ǾԲһģ
ִʧˣֻҲֻи󳬷ſܹá
λһǿκģ׻ʲôΪǿ޹ɿԣȥͷ
ҲһĸоǣһʱĹ۲üͷ΢΢
ΪĲãȻĸоһֵĲֲȻ΢СǣȴʵĴڡ
Ϊֲڡˡ򿪵ϿӳЩƣ
ŻƵĲãֲӵĽӽ÷˵ĸо
ˣ
ڽ֮󣬻ƣЦ˹
Ƿ֮ǰλ˾Բţǰܹͨɽ磬ǣϴλƴǿڳģ֪ǰһԲ
ʱȴûӿֳãɫѾõĴȥ˴Եͣұ۾ƺڸӦĲ
ף
춯һĨ⣬ȴҲɫ
ԼõʲôЧʲô뵽ϴεġǻȻˡ
ȻˣԴʯִܹϣͨռݣɽ磡
ãƲ۾૳
ǲҲܹܵĵӳֲͬѰ̡
ΪˡϿӳ֮ڣ̣
˵ǻۣȻ
ǰĴ󣬷Ʋɵĸп
ԭȥǷǳҵģǴʱУȴƺǺɽ硭
ٺ٣
ƳһЦ˵ʦֻҪںɽڲһͬĴ󣬾ܹ˫ˡ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ֣óһָݸ˰ˣ˵ϣһöԴʯʥذǨǲȥҸȡ
Ҿˡ
Ȼ𾪣뵽Դʯ;֮󣬻ֽ˹


1044 붾
ɽ쵽ʣһߣɽ֮УںڵĶգؼ䣬ڳһƬͬһɭħһ㣬ӰأаħӰڴܶ
ѾǷƵڶˣһεľ飬ʱûжη壬
֣ôֳǸأ
ͫ˸˸üͷ΢΢𣬿ɻ૳
ϴν֮ڱصĺģĶΪϡ󲻽⣬ǰȴǺڳһƬŨĶʵʣһħɽģܽп˶շ顣
Ƶüͷݺݵ塣
Ĺƣ̶ȵȥҲֻ·һΪ壬̶ֳܲȵѹȡ
໣
֣ӡ͸У뵽ӡ֮ڣһ貵Ĵ쳤Х֣Լһһɹ϶ְӣ
ȥȥ
仰ƱǳŶһһȥ
ٺ٣ʦģ
ƳһЦվԭأûиȥ
ΪǵģԣηƲûиǣֻţǱλ˳ţӦò¶ڡ
Ʋûлͷڴıӻ£Ѿ̤뵽޾Ķ֮ڣ貣֮Ϊֱ֮Ϊƿһ·һ·ǰУֱ߳źĵ߶ȥ
Ҳ£ĵļһ϶ժġ
һʯͷ˸һԵС˵
ѽ
һŵСҲͬӦһ΢΢ţһ޼ʵĶȻһĨԻζ¶
߲ĳЩ˵Ӱϴαժöȥժ浱ԼҺ԰ˣ
ٺ٣û߲˵᲻Ὣ㵱ɲ͸ռҰ
Ʋͷʵʵ
ѽ
СǱȵβһ͵Ĵצӣв
û߲ʲô
ƺ޹ʼ磬ʱõС΢΢һ
԰û߲ʲô飬㲻ĻԼ͵Ҳһ
ٺ٣
̵̻ģƵĺٺֱЦüͷֱһҰģõСֱ
ȷԼڸûƵõ߲ǰһ
ѵҪԼһ
һĻƣСݶҧˣһ˫۾ŭѾԿˣȥ˺
ٺ٣ҵĻ͵ű͵ɣǵĴ˾ȻҪɲ͵ˣʱ򴫳ȥҲŰ
ƲΪȻǷĴЦƺ뵽ʲôЦֱأᶼЦˣõСһɫڡ
ѽ
Сбųһ޵ŭŨŨΡ
ٺ٣Ҫʲô˵أǵĴˡ
ЭˣһḬ̃кЦ
ѽ
СãһצڴŨŨвʾ̫ôߡ
ɽ
ۿŶ֮ڷƵĶ̬ȴû֣СĨ
ֻҪԼһﻹҪô
̸۵ʱ䣬Ѿ˶ΧشҺ̬Ķ֮ڡ
໣
׳Ĵ貣ҡҷ̾ڷϣ׳ſ˴ڣһɾ޴ΧҺһĶܶǷĳĿоۼΪ֮ɡ
һУûгƵ⣬ŲɣٵĳźĲλӽɫûзɡ
ͫɣܹǺĲλʵһûɢĺۼģһɰѹõǰĽŲŻ
ܽȥ𣿡
ԽԽӽƵüͷҲ
Ĳ뵽һκĲλ䣬ӦǸֵйϵûг֣ԣ⻹ҪԼ
ʱƸоԼ嫺һܹõҲЩ̫ȶһֱ˺Ĳλͣ˽Ų
ЩܣѾʵˣ͸¶ڽһǵ̴˳ƣѹ˴
ս
ͷһսУսĶѹֱӱս飬ΪС
Կ
΢ĺ˿ɫ£ڵӡ֮룬ʱӡâʢ𣬳ǰʵʵĵײȥ


1045 ԰
¡¡
貵ҵײɽһĶ֮ϣը涼һɽһĶܣûκεɶǣȴǱɾ޴ķ˿ȥʮͣɫЩס
غĴĶܣͬʵˣһΡĴɽԷƵ
ҾͲˣ
ӡӻҲûʲô˼ɣһĨ⣬ǳһ˫ĳ֣һɫЯŵ绡ľ޽۶ɡ
ɱ
һ棬𣬳еľ޽Ŷܴɽնȥ

ǽӵ쳹ǣɫһףƶеľ޽ͱɷֶҲ
̫ǿˣ
һȥ÷ĵĶжôĿֲˡ
ּ֮۶ɵľ޽޷նһСǣ֤ʵֶܵĲⲻ˵ȥȥˣ̶ֳȵĶѹ£ʥҲᱻѹķǣϵķȻ⡣
ǣȥǲò߲ˣ
ЩģһһεţǣǷӡɱӡĹ޷⴦κεˣȴõĸΡ
ѵҪι棿
˼֮󣬷ƻҡҡͷ
ΪʥҽʥѾ˻ˣͳιΪ֮ݸ޷ˣ
ԼĵưڳܲϰߣΪûĳɳ籩¶ûκκô
̫֮ǿˣÿһӵзṦΰ˵󳬷ʼɣǱ֪һҪ׷ɱﻹĿԣ
ͬΪ廹˵壬ǾԲĿɳѹԼģ
Ǹ㲻ˣλҪǵǷҵĶ
֮ĻƼĻƨվһɫƵС˵һ䣬ʹ㶯ˣǺܿ죬ͣ
ҲУ
ŶĻǳ˳顣
ʱվڶĵķƣͻأɢȥӡǣӡΧĶܡ
ӡٰΪãӶн
ⶾܣȻǰٰ֮ڣ㣬ϴεʱ򣬷ƾѾ֤ʵˡ
ʱûҪݻ뷨෴ģǰʵʴɽĶģ⡣
ӡЩȫɣ᲻ʥĳ̶ȣ
ţƸǴ߶źĿΧĶܣǹǿȻõʵʵĶܶǳţõӡâǴʢӳϣۺࡣ
ӡı仯ƸĻϲϲá
ֻҪһֱȥӦòöʱվܹʥĽ׶ˣ
Ķܵĳ̶ȣ˷ƵΪˣսֻ¶޷Ĳλ
һʱңΪӡɵʵ̫ĲλȶˣһҡҡĴҪһ
䣬ֱӾ;˴ںĵͷ
Ȼ͵Զܣ
ǲȻŭֱҪⲻ֪СӸɱˣǣͬһʱ䣬һۣͿ˶֮ĻС
Щһ
ٿƵʱƺ뵽ʲôԭҲͳ
һԺָԼҪˡ
ģѵǽ⵱Ǻ԰ˣʱ䣿
ڶҡĺģһҵ
˺ˣȻóҽأ
һƵ쳹ţһӴ󵽼ѹӶܺľϯŷѹȶȥ
ţ
һ𣬽ţûӦʱһӴ޷ѹͬƼһ㣬ֱӾڶб˳ȥ׿⣬ؿڷƣһѪ
ôܣ
ھ𺳣Ǽһ
ǹѹǿȻֻѹǣãԼսһҲ޷⣡
ǿ̫ˣղŵһֱ̣Ӿ͸оضƺҪһ
ҪɱԼһ̣ԼѾշɷĩˣ
㣬˿ɡ
˭˭
ƴЩʵ
û뵽ⱱصĺľȻ˴ڣңƺĵ̣˽룡
ⱱش˶ˣ޷㣬ƺԶʱڹһֱˣ
ؾΪδڣȴҲûܹ͵ⱱأ˵϶֮أ


1046 ޾
ѵǡ
뵽ͻأģԺһͷʱ͵һ
ⱱؼȻ϶֮أôģ϶棿
ǹɺƴƥѹʱϢˣǼᶨսʱѾ̱ȥ
Ҫ֪ҪԵĿ϶氡֮һۣʥҪĴڣܹվţѾǺܲˣ
Ȼܲ򵥰
ܹԼѹ֮»ܹվصĴҲΪȣݣҲŻȻ
ôأΪ£
Ƶͬħڵͺ𣬴һɾƥѹķٴƳס
ҲƣϴΪ˽ժȡͷҲˣֽѵǽɢĵģ
Ҫ֪Ҳбͷ߲ѣͷ϶ǲҪģ߲֮ǻõ
λǰСðֻǣСҪһö߲Դǰˡ
ɫ԰ףù˵
֪λҪɱԼһͷ飬ʱ
߲
صĴһǳҿҪǼ٣Ҫ͵Ҷܴģ
뵽ҲΪޡ
һﾹȻҴԼܵ⣬ֱǿ벻̣
ңЩԼǧĶȫҲǲܣ
ҹ´ٴɱ⣡
һɺƴѹķֱȥͳΧͣ£ż֮ʣȴǿһö˸߲֮Լ
ž
֣ƽö߲УǻָƽĺģһȻ⾿ô¡
˵ԼӦûᱻɱǣϾԼǽժȡ߲ģǣ˼Ȼ֪ˣȴɱԼһһöֱ߲̫ˡ
ѵΪϴεǸӣ
ƿյҡҡͷ߲װָڣźĴֹ˵лǰ֮飬СӲǣպб𣡡
˵գתȥ
ף֣ѵֻҪժȡ߲
ĻصĴҲ͸¶ž죬ѾȥǼȥ
ٺ٣ղһɣ㹻һˡ
ĻһֱһеķзëȻЦһԵСҲǡѽѽǽлţƺҲǻ졣
ǵãǷҵģ
ķѾһС򣬱ǴЦӭȥ
ѽ
Сǰצһ׹⣬վڷƼͷĿ
Լɽ˵Ժ£˭ȭͷ˵㣿
ʦ߲õˣ
֪ʵʵ
š
֣ӡ΢΢˵ͷжԵõ߲ϲòǺܴ󣬶ǣдһɻ
ڱصĺģһصĴڣǵȷܵˣƺֻҪ˽ӽܹĵԣҪڽժȡʲôضҪõС
Ȼôϴ֮ڣΪΣڲֹԼأ
Ŀ⣬˼ͷСϡ
ԽԽСˣϽȥΪοϽأ
أ־ʲôµأ
֮ڣŸ籱أž綾֮棬ͷΪǴ϶֮أֻ߲ΪʱƣԲģ
ڣǿ߿õģι
Ϊܹӳ˵ȵＸûС
⾿ʱһλأ
һģͷͷ¼֮Ժ֮
֮
˶֮ϸʵ̫ˡ
ڹż֮ڣ֮ܵģΪ֮ףҲ֮ǣΣȴᵽ
ÿһ֮Ҳͬģ֮ͬ޵еĴʣÿһǾžޡ
ǣǵһԣڹżмأԵģֻǣԵȴǷǳǿᣬԶԶʤʥ壡
ڣΪ췣ʱԭԵԪڣȴǳ׼ԣָһ㱣ɫֻҪԼ˵û˲µĵ֮ˡ
߰ɣȥһ壡
һСƣ˿嵭˵
ףһԲ˵ʲôģԣҲǰʣֻҪԼǿһУȻͻһһ


1047 ټ
ΪҪȥ壬ȻΪ£ڷƣֻ׻츳ܹܹ֮ˣȻҪģ
ϾϡϵвһֱͬһĲϣõڶѾֹͣˣûӭ췣Ҫһˡ
֮ѡҪȥ壬Ϊļߺܺ˵ңҲѾˣ飬÷Ʋ
ںɽȻҲҪȥȴڣΪ߱Աǻŭɳܲ

ǷƵڶˣȥûʲô仯ȴûϴô֡
Ͼϴİȣ
Ϊ壬˿ɶûʲôɫ
ףȻ
ϳʱ¶Ȼ
ϴηڰ֮ϿǴͷ˶ˣ޷ӣһʱ䣬ЩƵɫȡ֮ĶǾɻ
ǲףΪδʱǡ
һ·ϣƶǴŵ΢Ц⣬ûбֳһʢ˸ֱ̬ȥ
ɣʱųſͬͰһĺվԣһ
ٺ٣
ڵӴĵܣƿзĺЦõķۡ
£
Сľ
пûκεһǣڷУ壬ѣϾϴλ˶Լĺܲ
鷳λͨһ䣬˵Ҫݼˡ
ǰƴЦ⣬ĶվߵǸ˵
ԵƬ̣
ƺϵķƣҲûѯʣǳȥͨˣʱ߱ǿ첽˳
͹٣ʧԶӭ
Цݣо飬ĿȴźۼڷƻɨһƬȡ
һĻԶ˵۾ڣʱǾޱȡ
ߣ˼Ĵˣ˵һˣԴ峤ҲùĿǣʱȴǶһ˵Ŀѵֵ˼
ûܹ⣬Ϊһӣܹܵ峤ҲܲĴ
Ǻǣ˿ˡ
ÿμˣƶǴ󲻽⣬ȴҲǵλĻӦţһԵĻƣһƤЦ
룡
ޱĽӭ˽ȥһƫڡ
ʲôأ
һЦݵĶŷʵȴЩһĨп
½ĶңһֱڹעҶ̬Ȼǵ֪һеԵɣ
ΪǰӣԣҲŰε˹ˣµ۷λã
ǻһˣЩԽܣǷƣȻˡ
ĿУѾûзư첻ˣԭ򣬵Ȼֻһ
һ¡
뵽Լ⣬ϵЦݣһء
˵޷
΢Ц˵
ڼ֮бǾѾˣǸһУҲҪƵҪ
ģʣûа׻ʥޣ
ԥƻӲͷƤʵСĹ۲ߵ̬һɫͻضϻ⡣
ϾҪ˼ʥ޵ľǣɲǺܵµ飬ΪУǶ޵ĺᡣ
ԣҲ֮Ǳһʵ̬Ҫ˽׻ʥޣڵõǣֻһллѡ
׻ʥޣ
ԣһĨ죬ȻĿ
ûб˼ֻҪ˽˽ѡ
Ƴţƺַ˫֮Ĺϵ
Ŷԭ
߻Ȼĵ˵ͷ˵׻ʥޣ壬Ȼйϸءʵ˵ڵĿģǽżʥޣɽ硭ʱ֮ڣֻһͷʥʵҲΪЩʥ޲µģ
һһͷʥޡ
ͻȻ٣ȴǿԵѹǸͷִһϣĿʵʣżУûֹ׻ʥޣߡ

ߺɵɨһۣ֮󣬲˵ǵ֪ģѾͻغɽˣʥŹǣҲᱻͻغɽ֮ڡ
ڷƾҪʧ֮ʣ˵һЩż֮ڵһЩʥ޺ڣûǣҲѱҲֻܷΪ֮


1048 ֮
νӵ޵е޵еķ޵еƣ޵еĻָһпռ䣬⴩
һ壬֮ܳΪϣѾ޿ɳԽ˼
ܹ֮ܣ˵ѾܹһˣԻﵽһ˼ĵز
ʥ޺ᣬ԰
ôһ˵۾һϣ
ʥޣѾ޼ˣǣȴĺȻܶѪǣ̳޵ļ츳Ȼܲǣƾ츳ǶԳһ
ƣõּ츳ʵʥ޺ᣬ룬׹꣬ˣ
ˣа׻ϢδҲԡ
Ƽٵʵ
׻᣿
ûվ˵ȵȣȥ鿴
˵գ߳˷䣬»ڡ
ٺ٣ʦΪβѰʥأ
ƤЦĶŷ˵
ţ
ɻһۣüͷʥ޺ҲһģֻҪ˾ǣܹü츳ǲʥޣӦûɣ
ʦʥ޵ľʥ޺ľôһأ
⣬Ʋ󷭰ۣһҺƵģ

һʱڣƱʵ˵
Ϊûʥ޵ľǣԣ޷ߵĲģжϣ
˵ûǾԲܵģ
ܹ壬Ǽ֮
ڣѾּ츳ǣϳּĶֻǼΪ֣ԾͲϳ
˵ֻҪ糿ˣܹˣ
һ壬ƽʵ֮ϣ֮壬۷壬ôױѹģ
ˮϴӹ󣬾ܹ츳ĳ̶ˣΪ𲻴˰ɣ
֪Ȼһ￪˵ˣ϶ĵп϶вͬѰĵط
ٺ٣ʦ츳֪֮ˡ
ƲûʽĻش𣬶ǴζĿ˵š
ʲô˼
ôһ˵ƵüͷĸãֻҪԼô򵥡
Ĵ𰸡ʦֻںɽ֮زҵ
˵仰ʱ򣬼߱һ鼮˽÷ûлȥ
׻ʥ޵ĺᣬ½طǵϢֱǣżӰżżżֹ֮һĴԣڻ治ڣҲ޷ȷ
߷е鼮ŷ˵š
Ŷ
һǸм˵л棬֮Сģ
ǺǣﻰҲǾ֮Ͷѡ
⻰ϵЦݱǶ۾гһ϶
Ȼŵûжټֵǣպǲ
ˣһʣ֪㣿
˵飬뵽еʣƱǿʵ
ȻԣֻҪ֪ġ
߻Ͳʣ֮Ĺϵ
֪ʥ޺ӵеļ츳ܹܲʥ޵ļ츳Ტۣ
ԥίʳ
Ȼܣ
һĨ죬ҡҡͷ
ΪΣѵˮϴ֮󣬽ĳ̶ȻԱ𣿡
ĻشõķиΪɻˡ

˼ãһҧΪˣϵѪУҵ֮һһʥףƾѪڵ̣ܹٵ߲εġֻʥ޲ž߱ʥ޵ĺᣬȴҪԼȥ򡣡
ԭˡ
Ƶ˵ͷ仰
ΪѪ֮ڣ;̣߱Ȼڻ޷⣬ǣֻҪֻҪȵʥ֮ڡ·ϽԼܶʱ䡣
ܹõʥ޵ľǣǶкܴİ
Ǻǣ̵⼫츳֮ǿǰڣһ֮ءļ츳кܴİ
뵽˷߸ּ츳ѵ
֮ء
һ𣬲źۼɨһһԵĻƣüͷ΢΢
ϴδӻܳǱͨˣǰȥǲ
ֻҪѣҪĻȥѰ
֣óһص⣬ֱӾ͵ݸ˷ơ

΢ԥǽ˹ϸĴơ


1049 ۻ
Ͽһͷ񣬺棬ͨ͸¶̣һͲǷ
ǺǣӭȥͣԺˡ
ƣϵЦŨˣޱȵĶ˵š
ãԺˣ
ҲǱȽϺһھʹӦ
ȻӴĲǺܶ࣬ǣȴҲŵ˽⵽ϰԣ඼ǱȽϵģԲֻͱСˡ
һٵĻɣΪμ߻Լ˵أ
ûкøУⲻһˣǣܹģΪļ룬һ֣ԭǸ߸ϵĴڣȴǶԼֺõ飬˵ȥ
СӦҲҪԭ򣬶ңԼӵһͷʥޣҲֵܵز
ֺãԼĵֵһֺã
Լ벻
ѵΪӵּ츳Եʣ
ãƲһԼŷ
ҲԼǸɡ
ӭȥ͡
Ц˻
˼ãڼǻ£Ƴڶ循㵵Ŀ£ƻ˿ռ䣬ƿնȥ
Ǹˣĸģ
ǰѾ£Ŀռ䣬ڹâ˸
ϴε¼ƾƾ˲Űƽ˹ˣĳе۱ĹʥʹɱˣɼƤЦļһ﾿жôǿˡ
ôһǿˣΪҪأңڽʱĿһ￴ܵʱھȻζɫ
ΪƵĻֱܻӽһϳȥˡ
ֹϵĴڣǴ˵ǿߣ߲ףΪ񣬻ܱôأ
¿Ҫ㱨ȥ
ţǴҴҵĳڵȥ
˸ŷƣǾֻĿģһǱӻһͼı
ڼߵУƫڶ뷨
⵽жôĹķƣǣΪĳĴڣòģκ⡣

ȥһ˺ˡ
ڣʱˣ뵽˻ˮ£ŰֽһŮ
ûܵκεȾ÷ƴǰԱ

һ֮̾󣬷Ƶ⻺ļᶨ
ˮȻǣɻڣֻҪܸһܹ
˭ҲҵĽŲ˭裬˭
۾ż֮ƿ֮ûˮ¸ΪĿ꣬ƿԲһУǱ壬Ҳɻȥ
ȥż
ͷƶһԵĻ˵
ϣ
һͼ٣ֱӻһ⣬Թǰš
׷ƴʱʱǺܽȵģҲҵˣٶȣòʱϵ˶Ϊһɢ⣬Ӱ
ٶȡ
ʱҲѾ޷ٶˣСǼ޵ٶȣһȣгܳˣǻûпϽԼӻڣΧŰľ磬һˡ
һʲô磿
𾪣ٴλһΪˣ仹дۻoĻͻɣһǲǴoĻˡ
ǴۻoҲܻԼ߰ô
ˣ
һʱŻƵռ䱻һƬߵżڷǰֹϵϢ
վסͣ£
ƻûӦһ쳹ţƿ쳹׷ԶȥǵӰ
һۣƱͷʲô¡
ԣżھ飬٣
ǵԶȥӰӦǵõʲôͬѰȻЩҲȫȻ˷ƣֱ׷Ϯ
ңһɨϣǧˣ磬Ȼûһ磬ʮӰϵϢѾﵽʾ磡
ôЩ죿
ɨһѾһڵӰ΢΢һ㶣ĺǳϣ
âһǿٵ׷ȥ
˵ȷǳϣϴڷǰ˴̼֮뿪ʥҽʥأһ·ż
ΣвСĻԵ
żڣһͷۻ˽֪飬Ѱû˸ȥǣȴһðż䷢֣ۻȻˣ
Ϊʱ򣬵Ϣɾ˺䶯ʥˣʥضɳ
һͷۻӣѾʥҲΪ֮ˣ


1050 ׻֮
һսչ۷徳ĲۻΧΪڣܶõһϾѣǧˣʮʾǿߣѹձնɱң˲ۻӣʱӴУǰƣĴ̫Ǳ׷ϣ϶ᱻɱ
һѾ۳һˡ
ͫ˸˸ƿ˳ϴʱΪʱ΢΢һ
ϴμ棬ϲ۷徳磬һʱ䣬ȻѾͨζ۳һﵽ˰벽ʵľ磬ȣЩֲӦҲǵõʲôĻԵˣȻҪüܴͨ
ѹһﾹȻܹӳ졣
ǹһĨЦ⡣
ʥҽʥأȻʥԴΪḻģǣΪʥҽʥڣһˣûж٣Ǵҩԣʥҽʥڣǵõ˲ٵĺôָ߼ؼ似ǲ٣ԣȻʱϲһ磬ȴٶϲѷɫʡ
ģǸ׷ϣҪƤ
һʶϾҧгݵȣҲûͣ£ʱĵָϵٶȡ
ͬʱҲǾȻһСӣôӵٶȣ
ǣд⣬ʱһҪʳٶȵؼ
꣡
һСģûж㿪һ磬бѪ죬Ϊһĵʱ䣬Ǳ˲١

űľʹϴһавá
ѩϼ˪ѪţٶҲ׷Ҳǳ顣
ƴˣ
һҧͣ˽ŲվԭأһһͷɫƤë׻ݺݵĿΧΧЩˡ
˭ֱ
ڷԳһѪ˿һͷһ˻
Ҫ
ʮʾǿ߶ʱͻˣ׷׶ͣ˽Ų
СӣҾǧûκκôģ
һģӳ棬гв֮⡣
׻һ˿ˣҶǣ
ʾǿ߶Ƿ׷׳вһɹɺƴѹųȥ
ͣ
ΪĴˣѹһѪ˳ǺѪһսе׻ΪϢ׻зţзĽȴѲצ
СӶң
˺׻ʮǿ߶ʱĻˣѹҲɢȥٱƽˡ
ʲôҵģͳ׻Ҳǻ׻һµ
ͬһͷ˵Ұޣĳ˻ţоӣõ׻󣬴̼ǵ񾭣ǲ
Ҳףʱϵǻȥˣͳ׻Ҳһ汳ġ
£ʵÿ˵ѡ񶼻һ
λСֵܣֻҪϽ׻ңұ֤ܹȻȥ
һ϶Ƶ͵ųȰ˵ţȫȻû֮ǰǸ̬
λСֵܣֻҪϽ׻ңҲ֤㰲ȫȥһȥҵͣΪ
˼״Ƿ׷׿֤³϶ɱ׻Ǿˮһˡ
Ϊɱۻǿɶ˲ʹĴۣԭʮʾǿߣʱȴֻʣʮˣԭǧˣҲһǧࡣ
ɼۻǿᣬһ츳ܿһХضҪҡ˶ǻġ

׷ķƣĻûмų֣ҪϾδ¡
ˣֻԾʱ򣬲ŻᱬѰǱŻĵõɳ
ǰ£뵽УҲͲˡ
⡭ǴҶҪ׻ֻһͷѰ찡Ӧø˭أ
һڰеҩˣһǿ
ȻǸң
뵰ڲˣȻҷ׻
ôĿҷ˲𰡣ҽӵɲ㣡
һ̸׻ϣǿ߶ʱַˣҲһ飬ۼ䣬ϱ˿ѾѪѾڻϡ
ֻǣΧǧ˰ΧסҪӳȥɲô򵥣üͷѰһͻƵ·ߡ
꣡
һ̶ƿԶתۼƬϿա
ͷģһ෢ߣʮ׳Ǵﵽ۷Ĵڡ
ʥصˡ
ȺбһʱڶĿ⣬෢֮ɫǲôÿ
ʥصˣﻹ˭ȥʥ


1051 ˲
һʥ֮ڣʥ󣬶ңÿʥ֮ڶдӵʥ̣ܹ˵ġ
ԣʥصһѾעˣͷۻӿ϶ˡ
ڣ
עЩʥص˵ʱ򣬳ڱһĨ⣬ͻȻ𣬾һͷ෴ķȥ
ʱѡļã˷ӦʱѾնɱʮͻΧԼٳԶ䡣
ʣ£
ʥص෢߼ĻȻŭֻһֻεĴ֣ųȥһƾͽ˳ȥѪ£ڣһƬȻѾûжٷ֮
ѵҪֹڴ𣿡
ϵǹһĨЦ뵽Щͬɳֵܣǧ㲻ʣʱҲ㡣
Ϊõ˴ܹҫһģȴҪء
֪
ȻߣЩǿ߶ǲмƲƲ졣
ѡʱȷǶԵģǣȴѡˣ
෢ߣʥڿźպһΪѾﵽ۷壬ͨϣֻһʥˣԣʥأĵλҲĸߣΪ̫ϳ֮һ
Щôôʵ
ԭǲֹܹѹЩˣʵܹ׵ĽЩǿȫĨɱ
ȥץ
෢ǴһĨмߵЩ׳Ը

ʮ׳ӦһףƲ̱ڵϵĳȥ
ৣ
һ΢ƿһӣվڳϵǰסǵȥ·֮ϡ
С
Щ׳ҲŹˣһ˾ȻԼǰʱȭͷǳŷ˹ȥ
顭
ʮ죬˴㵵Ŀ£ʮǴﵽ۷徳׳Ѫ쭷ɣӶʹЩΣû˿֮Ǳһıķ˳ȥȺ֮ڣһɧҡ
˻
һ׳Ⱥ֮Ĵ쳹˵Ŀжǳ˾
𾪵ĲֹӵʵҪǣȻҶʥصˣ
һġ
뵽෢ߵĴڣǿӵĿⶼǳϧ
䣬ﵽʾ磬ȷǲ˵ˣȴעҪڴˡ
Ͼ磡
෢΢΢һ㶣ɨӵʱƤɵһбӿŭ
ʥ֮ڣȻ˵ҷԼ˼
СӣȻҶʥص˶֣
֣ûһֻǸȥҪһ֮ɱ
ǣ
֣΢΢һƣ۶ûжãһ죬һϾ޽ôһ

ƾϯһ񽣣һնؾɫռ䵴෢ֻûĴֱӱ飬䣬һѺۣԶ̫˶ͬƼһıƷ˳ȥУѪſ
һ֮ǿ˹
ȻƲûжȫǣһ֮£ӵм֮ﵽ۷徳ˣҲᱻֱɱЩˣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
֪ΪΣϲˡɱɵ޽ÿζԵжᶯá
ʥص˺˲𣿡
˴͵Ŀ£ƵĿˣͬһι˵ļ䣬õһľҪ
̫ǿˣһ֮õ෢߶ϢĸоͷĶ˺ˮڣž̿֡
ţ
ԭѾһĳϣһֱûеȵ˹Ǽҽʱ򣬻ûӦһϤʱһԾǿһϤıӰ
ƣ
ѿڽгг˾ϲ
ٺ٣
Ƶɨһ۲Զ෢ߣתǱĳϣ΢΢
γϱǻʱҲѡĺ׼ȷǣȴ෢ߵΪԲ˵³
Сӣ
ϵڱһĨɣŵķҪ㿪
һãƿûǣһֱš
꣡
ưһָۣһһĨѹҩû뵽˳ڣĴˣۿɼٶš
Ȼʶ
˻кԶȺɫѿر𲻺ÿĻǸ෢ߡ
ƾȻʲô
Ĵڣ
ֱӾֱ
¾˭ѵҪʥԲɣ
෢ŷƺǳов̧Լĺ̨ʥء
Ϊʥصĳϣ֪ʥ֮ڣǴһλѾͻʵڴڣ


1052 
ʥأʥҲϵ½Ҳʥӵģûж١
ԣʱ෢ģΪ̧ʥܹѹƣƺѾǸϴģһϰȻԣõķЩ
Ҳȷˣʥ֮ڣʥؾǰ˭Ҳʥӣԣ෢߲Ż޼ɵ
㻹ʸ֪ҵ֣
תͷĿлûʲô¶ҲΪ֮ᣬϵˣĵһ
ֱǲʥطﰡ
ʱ˶ǲ²෢ҪδˣͬʱҲڲ²⣬ӾǺηʥȻ˵ʥء
ɲǿЦģһʥ֮ҲᷢһսȻʥصĸ飿
Сӡ
ķƣһĨЦһĨȻ
ԭΪѾ˾룬˭֪ȴԽԽԶˡ
еĲۻ׻ڲŷԳһĨ⡣
ͷ׻ļֵȻҲֻҪɳضԼ̣ʱ½ϣûж˸СԼ
ͬʱҲһ̾ԼƺԽԽ̰ˣ뵱ںʳʱԼΪĿܶţΪԼһܹѾǼˣǣʱ꣬ԼĹѾȫıˡ
֣Ҳ㲻Լθˣ˵еʥˣԼĿ꣡
ţԼôһ죡
ģ
˵Լʥأ෢һݶҧˣھ޾ŭǾڷƷһ֮ҪһеĶ֣նɱ֪ߵغСˡ
Ŀ⿴еĲۻ׻֮󣬸ǲġ
γҪҪõͷ׻͸ԼΪģ˭֪Ȼ˷ѲĲ硣
˼ʥؿɲǺǵģ
෢ѵ
ǣ
΢΢һƣһζĻȣôĿҵҪʥʲôǵģ
˵˿棬õ෢һɫܵγˮӾǷһĲţɫ
û뵽ƾȻ˿ںʥأ޼ɵĳƺʥУʲôһ
ҪΪ仰𣡡
෢ҧгݵĵͺǵ
ȻҪȥʥ͡
ϷʵĿɫĶ³Ϣ֮ڣҹȻ
꣡
˵䣬һʵʵս⣬У෢նȥռб̶ƿһɱһС
ƣ
෢ߺΪŭԪȣȫһ羪κˣҪֱӽаսֱշ

лǾԪֱӾͱƿ˳ֱն෢ߵؿڣʱѪſ෢߱˳ȥûأǱӣͷҲһأҲƵĳŹųǷȥƺܸȫС
˻
һĻĿӡڳ˵ļ䣬˶ɵĵһĿɿڴĿһС
෢ߣʥغպǿߣȻΪһˣ
ѵǰһλʥ˲ɣ
뵽˵ڶ¶µĻ̿֡
ʥˣ˵Ǹ߸ϣңɼĴڣʥؾΪʥ˵ĴڣѹڶΨҶ
ô𣿡
ƱĿɨȫ³ǵĻߵĻǾȫɣ

˵䣬սֱϢëȻһǰȾܣиʮʾǿߡ
ղŷƶ෢һѾ׵߽ǵģֵͷҲˡ
෢ˣֻǻֱӱն鵱
꣡
ǰĻϵǲһ鴤и𶯡
ǧˣÿһٶ𣬴󲿷ֶʮʾǿߣȻһ£ȫƵܣҪжǿ
ջ񲻴
תʱ򣬷ǻһĨ΢Ц˵
ۻӣǲɶõʥ裬ɳ۷壬ʥ֮޵еĴڣӵһͷĲۻֱӿԳһڵ
ٺ١
е׻ҲһЦЩ⡣
ֳϣܹ׻ѾǺܲˣǾ鲻㣬ܳɹˣϧȴʥص˸
Сˡ
ҲһЦ⣬ʵˣͷۻأ
أѾնɱˣ˳ּġ
˵ţϽۻʬӽָ˳


1053 ð취
ۻް׻һ֣ȻѪ̫ǣӵа׻츳ҲС
ԭżҲǰĴڣʥ˳֣Ȼûܹκεǣϡ
ǰͬһСɽһĲۻҲӿһĨ
ͷۻɫƬɫȴЩÿһƬƬ϶ۼȾѪһڲͷ­ѾնѪɣѾʱˡ
ǣȥ˶ʱϣһĪƣûɢ˲С
غ𡭡
ʬ壬ڳеС׻зʵǱݣҪȥȴǰѲ˳ϵĽֻצ
ʦʦ
ʱ򣬻ƲǴԶɱ˹Ƿ˺ô󾢲׷ϵһģȴǷ˷ֱۣ
һﲻȥϷӣ˷˲ţ
ͷأ
ۻƲûмͷ­üͷԳʵ
Ҫǲۻľǣǣʹͷ­еľ˵Уûͷ­ʬ˵ûκμֵ
ͷ
һ㶣˵ʱնʱ򣬹̫ԶˣûʱȥˡߣҴȥڲڡ
š
ʾۻʬ壬һͬŷŴսĵطȥ
ǰľһƬǽ壬Բ֮ڣɽʯ飬ľ٣洦ɼƵʬ壬Ѫ߰ߣһ֪﷢Ĵս
ô᲻ˣ
ڲۻնɱĵط˺üȦ֮ûҵǸͷ­ҲЩա
ƼȻˣ֪ͷ­ӦǶԷһô
ӦǱ˼ˡ
վڲۻ֮أƿһ·Ѫüͷ΢΢̾һ
ӦþǸղŵЩһ
Ͻӿ˵
Ŷ
еһ仰õķһ΢΢һ䣬˼Ǿȥһųǰɡ
ٺ٣ð
һʱҲѪƵģԵޱȵ˷ܡ
Ǳ׷Ĺҵģң㱻նɱûгԺҲһӡ
зڣӣһˡ
ԭƿǷҵˣһ۷˭˸ǣ
Ͳ˵ʱʵֻǳʥ˳֣Ȼû˿ѹ
ڼдãȻ𾳽磬ȴܹһЬܹȷɹĴ⣬ʲôȫ
ǣһ˱ǳųǸȥ
аǾ˱ˣǷƾ͵ȥһͷ׻ˡ

෢һǿ߻صų֮󣬶ʱȻ󲨣ųǵˡ
ۻӾȻˣңʱһҲصĴ˶ǵ֪෢һг˴ʮʾǿ߶Ҷ֡
ѵʥ˲ɣ
ֻߵķȥˣΪǿʥˣȻûܹĵ
ʥ˳֣¹شһ˵ʥǲ׳ֵģ״ƽ⣬ƣʥ˳֣ʬǧŻ˵ʥ˵ǿ󣬸Ƿܹġ
£Բôˣ
෢ʥصĹһĳԶʿһۣ빬ֱǰʥء
ʥ˳֣ڼϷƵǷۣѾǶʥصˣȫԴΪɣʥ֡
Ͼ±ʥػŲʵĻǻ󻡶ȵļʥص

ٺ٣ƣôң
ԶԶĿ̾ڵƽϵųǣϲͷŷʵ
ôң
΢΢һ䣬ζ˵Ȼʥص˸ңϾǵĵ̣𣿡
ð취
˶һۣнǷëȻЦŵͷ׻ͷ­ηĿǡ
ƾͲ˵ˣһΨ²ҵļһƣȻҲϳϾԼ뵽ҪֵֻܾѾ׵ˡ
쾯ӣ˭ҶԼˣǾҪб׼
ʲôˣ
Ҫſڵʱ򣬾ͱſڵĻ
ȥʥң˵е
ƵɨһۣһɰѹȥõϢ仰˱ﳤȥֱڣһĻһ·ϴ㵵·ˡ
ɲһĴֱӿҪʥ
ӳô죿
һڻǿһĺӡ
ȥʥ
ĺɫ԰ףˮ죬仰ǴҴҳȥ
ʲôطǷǳеͷ׻֮󣬸ǻɣǲǾǷŴеǣ


1054 㲻ʸ
ʥ˶ʥصˣĿģǴʥصţ
෢һǰţķƵǷԴǸǼ࣬õʥüͷ塣
ʵȷЩðˡ
ʱڳģǼʥͷǧ֮࣬һʥؾԻᱻʥЦ
˵Ŀʵ
ʥ۾ʵ
ʵʥǲţȥųǴʱӦڹųѾˣ
෢ؿڷģݵ˵ҵС£ǣҾʥΪ˳ЦҵҲ޷ֲʥ
˺ˣ֪ˡ
ˣʥοһ䣬һĨâҵҲʶһ£ʲôˣȻҲʥط
ʵף෢߿϶ͼӴףǣϵˣȴ٣ȷʥصȨ
ΪʥӲ
Ӧ෢һĨϲɫܿ
ܷʲôˣֻҪʥ׷ⲻһ
ΪܹƷƵΪʥףֻΪѡֻǣȴƺΪ⡣
⣬ʥǰҲֻ·һ
ʥ֮½ϣʥ֮ǰǴѣʥף̤֮·
ʥ֮ǷܿģȻɽҲǸ涨ˡ
ʥ׼෢ߵʱһͷ󺹼Ҵҵ˽
ʥ²ˡ
ңõʥüͷǽһ
ʲô²ˣ
ʥãǳһɵѹӣõǻ̱ڵء
ʥҪ㣡
һƬɫͨ죬ƺ˫ϿһɽһЩ֨졣
ʣʥʲô˶Լ𣿣
ʥû˵෢߱ǳǳһƽ֮й
˵ꡣ
ʥ˵
Ϊʥĸ࣬ʥڣԼƿߣ˾ȻҪԼаգǴͷ
˿̣뵽෢˵ʱüͷˡ֡
Сڹųſִڵʱӣһͷ˵ʥȥм
һ˵ţһֱңʥŭйϡ
ʥӦþǸʥصˣ
⻤֮෢һ㶣˵ţֱݵĵʥȫﰡ
֪ˡ
ʥɫ˸
еԼǲ˵˼еˣ
һ뵽еĺ̨ʱһ
ȻʥڣԼʥܹưԣ˸ǣǣб˼ҿ½İ

췢鹻ˣԭ˶ΪǸʥȨӦó˲Ŷԣǣ˭Ҳû뵽˼ҷǵûӣ෴ģˣֱ˵ҪʥȥɲһĴ
ر˾Ȼеˣӭ˽ȥ֮󣬸֤ʵǵݣͬѰ
еԣ˽֪
ԣܶ˶ڰҪΡ
Ȼǰʱʱ䣬ʥǴ෢һʥػƳĳǣſڱǱſڵĻ
Խȥ
ſڵĻֺʥɫоȻϧ
ǸˣǿͬҲһʥʲô
˵ֻ֣Ҫſһ˵ǧȥж
㲻ܽȥ
෢ҪʥȥʱȴǱסˡ
ʥص̫ϳϣΪβܽ룿
һţ෢һɫͨ죬ֱ
Ϊʥص̫ϳϣȻе˻ЩģףΪʶԼĻΪԼ˼ɣҪһƽ
Ϊ㲻ʸ񣡡
ǻмƲƲ죬ǳһԵʥ˵ʥɣ
ǣʥһ˰෢ߣǱ棬ֻʥһ˽뵽С
ġ
ƺǸܵΧЩĿ⣬෢߻ֱĺֱɱȥһ뵽ʱ֮ǿ
ܹоĵʱˣȻһ֮£ԼûĿܣ
ʥϲӦǵˡ
Զкܶ˼Ļ͸¶˼顣


1055 ү
ʲôأ
һ·ϣʥ˼ţģЩƺ˲ǵˡ
˵ǲΪѸʥصģһΣȴǼΪǿӲ̬ϵת䣬˵ǵĲܹıԭ
ү˴ˣ
һΪķ棬ǸеĻĶϹϾȫû֮ǰǸʢ˵ģ
ү
֣ʥвһһĨ졣
˵˾˭գ˵ˡ
ңԭѾįȻ˿̣վ½۷壬ʹ¡
Ϊʥô֪ܲЩأ
ǻʶȻ˷ҵˣ
˿̣ʥһݶȫҧˣҪȥһǸ෢ߣȻժͷ­Դװǲǽ
ҵҲǣǳıӵˣ
ɡ
洫һĳ˺ᡣ
ʥɣ
ǸƿţһԵʥ˵
棬ӣһݵͷſڻһģһӣ෢Ҳơ
ʥףǽ¼ˣʱ΢΢һ
෢˵ǰ⼸˿ɶʥҲǺ֮˰
⣬еǸߣҲǱϹϾǸ˵Щʲô
ʥ
ϴһĨЦݣҲûָһԵһӶ䲻˵š
л
ʥ˿֮ʵλңʲô£
ʱ˿ȫΪУ뷽ġүйء
Ϊߣʥǲġ
ȻǺ£
һԵĻƿţһɫȴʥüͷ塣
ⲻһһСͷȻҶԼҲЩŭ
飬ʥҲ˵˰ɣ
ǵĶ˵ţ

ʥЩ˸׷ƾʲô˼ȴѾܹȷӣǸ෢߳ԿˣңпܣǷҵˡ
һϾˣһ۷ǿܣжôǿ᣿
ѵǵ֮壿
ţϱкˮ
ĵ֮ɲ࣬Ҳѡ
һʮ꣬һ
ţʥͫ͵һ͸¶ֵ̿ɫϸɨ˷һۣʱ亹졣
һʮңΪʶϣ߸һһõͷ
ΨһͬĵطֻǾѣģȫǺˣ
Ƿƣү
ʥЩסˣվŲʵ
˵½˭ǾԲǵˣǷ˲ɣ
Ĵ¼Ѿ½ÿһ䣬Ϊ˵żܶĿꡣ
Ƿԭ
뵽֮ǰ˵ʱԼȻ¶˲ǲ
Ҫ֪ڴУһСͷǽһƾ͸˵ﰡ
Ǻǡ
Ʋ÷ЦЦʾ£ϾҲΪô¾ͽһʥظˡ
ү£һȻһĴ𸴡
ʥһĨźһ֤߱ţ֮̿ɫûȥĿⲻбӣȥһЦĻơ
ʱУСͷȶħҪһ򱶣
㲻ҪһĴ𸴡
ϵЦָһԵĳϣ˵ǣҵֵ⣬ҵ˼𣿡
ס
仰ʥȻ˿
ƲûҪΪʥص˼ȻԲ
ͬʱƳ֮ΪֵܵˣĽЩۺһһԶĳϡ
ܺá
Ƶ˵ͷϵıЦһĨЦ˵⻹һҪʥæ֪㣿
ү˵ֻҪΧ֮ڵ飬԰ס
ʥĵ˵ţûаԥ
ʱѾûбͷˣڷ˵ҪóʥҲֱӴӦ
ûôء
ģһ䣬˵ֻһС¶ѣϣʥܰҵűնɱĲۻͷ­Ȼȡķãҳе
ҲңֻǼС¶ѣôܻ÷үƷء
˵ţʥվŷƹ˵үڴԵƬ̣ȥѰҲۻͷ­
˵ȷС¶ѣҲһ仰¡
Ǿˣ
ҲһĨǳǳЦ⣬˹֡


1056 һ
ʥ
ʥ˳෢߱ӭȥĵˮɫʱһӿһɲõԤС
ʶ
һӣʥбӿŭƣֱӾ˹ȥ
飡
෢߸ûӦǱȷ˳ȥѪ£³ˣˤԶŭڵʥһƬ̿֡
ȻʥҲǲˣ
ৣ
Ҫ룬ΪԼֻ·һ
ʣ
ȻӣʥеŭΪʢһ֣ûһֻӥצһѽץ˹һ£ʱؿĵȥѪûˡ
ʥһ£ԼѾһĲԣǷʥصȥͨơ
˵ֻҪһ죬ʱʥؾͻһΪȡޣ
ͣ
ţ޷ƽеŭһָһֱӹᴩ෢ߵĸڵԪжʱɢһΪΪС

෢ھѪ˿Ъ˹˻΢ȥڣһƬ
ףʥΪƽϢ˵ŭ𣬲ôģʥأѾԼˡ
һĻԶУʱһ˫˫ڶ͸¶㵡
ʥӽȥвʱ֮˸ı䣬֤ʵ˵Ĳ
෢ߣǸƷѡ
˭ѵбӵܲɣ
˶ڲ²ţǸʲôˣõʥˡ

һǰ෢ߣʥ΢΢˿ûйᣬԸ֪ͨʥҳۻͷ­⣬Χɱۻˣһ©ҳȱһ˭Ҳţ

ҴȥʱϢͳ˳һĴųǡ
ʥ̬ȣѾ˵һУ
ʱ˾޴Ŀֻţܶ˶Ҫ룬ǣʥصѾųǡ
ʥĻһû˻һ֮ģһ˳վſڵĹ㳡ϣȺδ֪Ĵ
ʱڳ˶ˣЩŵŵˣڳһֻץһǣȫΪ˲Լţûеڶѡ
Ƕ̶һʱʱ䣬ʱڳһǧʮʾǿߣվǻֵ̿Ŀվſڵʥ
˭֪ʱԼ׷ɱˣͷôأ
˭˲ۻͷ­⣬ܹõʥصͣ
ʥɨһȫƴ󣬴ȫųǶ
ۻͷ­
⻰һõĳϵ⾿ΪΡ
ʥ˵Ŀʵ
ʮʾǿеһվ˳ʵ
Ȼ
ʥɫ΢һЩ˵ͷ
ǲۻͷ­ϣʥܹŹҵţ
ûԥ֣óһĻͷ׸ʥ
ԶǧΧۣʥҲԻٳŵԣŽ˻ͷ
˻ͷʥϹļ̫ϳϽһ䣬ǴҴҵٴνȥ֮ڡ
үҪĲۻͷ­
ʥΪĽǸĻͷݸ˷ơ
ˡ
ƽӹ˻ͷ鿴һûбȡ˿
һּ츳ˣֻҪȥһ˺ɽͿʱ򣬿ϡ췣ٵʱҲкܴȥԣ
֮Ͷѡ
ԣʥ΢һϲɫȴǲ˵үʥðλǸ̫ϳϣѾҷΪ
Ŷ
üͷһĿ⿴ϡ
λСֵܣðˣѾټˣڶڹ㳡ķ䡣
ĿתϣʥǶų˵
ƶԳֵƣҲˣΪпܳϵĲͻƵĲ
ȫץˣ
ҲЩ⣬벻ʥ˴ֱʡ
ʵЩҲûʲôԼǵ׻ҲӦ׷ɱڣ෢߱ˣǿԹҲĲˡ
ˣȥ¾ȥɣǼǵãԺ¸·ȻпǶԼ·
ѾõĽҲ̫Ϊˡ
󣬳ϲûһͬʥҽʥأҪԴˣƱʾ֧֣һͬʥҽʥء


1057 㵭
˵ӷȵ˽öԴʯ֮󣬱ʹҴææĸϻص˷ҴӪ
ִ£¹طɲһ˿ˡ
ûã̫ϳϣڣǱ˳ңһͬ뵽ǼƵ֮ڣһС
ʲôˣ
ǲģЩá
ԷĿǰ״ܳʲô⣿Ϊһ峤Ҫ侲ģȻܻɲҪʧ
̫ϳҲܲĿȴĽ͡
ڣˣ
ǿѹеļЩ˵
£
һŬѹֵģͻȻһƺʲô׷ʵ˵ʲô£
ڣȿ
֣콫ǷЭ˳СĵݸڣǰģƺЭᱻ紵һģõ̫ϳȻ
һֽʲôصģ
ʲôģ
ǻûзӦʱ򣬷ںһ¾վ˫ЩЭ飬ƺǧأ̧һһֹңһĶŷʵ
ǧȷ
ڷڵֱ£ҲǺΪĵ˵ͷ˵Э飬Ƿֽҵģ˵ǷңʱЭȨ
ôܣһɣȻһɣ
ڱȷеĻҪҵҡͷдܡ
ԴһɷֳɣһޱӴ֣ǳӵУҲ´࣬ȴΪӵˣһ
Ƿʲô£
Ļ̫ϳҲˣ׷׶ǳŷеЭ鿴ȥмͬèץһҪȥнЭ澿дʲôõķҵ˵ļˡ
ڣЭص֪ôˡ
ʧ̬ҲЩ⣬ѵ
ǿղеĲˣԼȡڸҵ
ּ飬ԼܹһţѾܲ˺òã
ǳƶˣҲԻʧ̬Լõȥ
㣬켸϶ġ
ԼЩһֱ޷ľϲǿˣһõϢͼϢҲ˵
ʲôǷƸ˵Դ
עĵһڲٴξΪ߰㽫ҶƷ˳ȥƵģŲ΢΢һȶ
ԴƸ˵ģ
̫ϳһõĻˣʱڶ͸¶µľ㵡
ԴѵԴԴ
ȾĿڷϡ
ѾɷʥȻ˽⵽ԴʯⷽļأҲǳԴʯҪء
ϻԴ绹Դ磿
췭˷ۣƺûȴֿ˻
еļõİ취˷ֵʱǰһĻǾãĿ
һˬ
峤˼ҷһԴԴķֳȨ
ϲǺȷĳʵ
ѾܹõĽˡ
Ҫ֪𿴷Ҵʱܹ½ǣԴķֳϣҸû߱Ǹʸ
ղ˵ĻǶû
컺ɨǰһ˫˫Ī۾ǵ˵ǹһĨ߸ߵĻȡ
˵Ļ
̫ϳϽһ㶣ֱӶǵһоԼ඼Ҫըһ
Դһɷֳɣ
Ƹ˵Դ
ڣ仰ϵ쵴ţþòϢ
ٺ٣
̫ϳ߿ģ켫ΪˬĺһڳкЦ
һӣԼеǷ𺳣ܵõй˶࣬ƶƮһ
ҷҾ߱ʱ޸ķֳЭȨ
ڲţõĻδƽλ̫ϳϣһû˹ȥһ˫˫ڶ͸¶µľ㵡
޸ԴֳɵȨ
ɽ糬ҲûǸʸģڣԼҾȻȨ
ģҪȥ
˫ֲЭ飬ǿѹȵļǿע⣬ʱվŷʵ
ƣ
һ㶣˵Ҫˣȥ׼ȥˣ֪ʲôʱء
ף
˶ȻĿ
ǰѾ칬ӻˣȻҪˡ
˵ͷص˵ʵƳ׵ģһˣǲ²˭


1058 Ū
һ׶󣿡
ķ⻰̫ϳϲһЩˡ
ѵҲӻˣ
˼ʵ
ȻǰӰħڣ˾йһλ񣬵ǣǸʱȴǱȽϲִ٣㲻ʲôʽĻ
ûС
΢΢һҡҡͷڻûҵߵǸڣȻҲӻˡ
ߣǻ˭
˽һ㶡
ǶЩ˽⣬ǵӡУҲ֪ѣȴ֪һʥҽʥص
ֻһ
üͷ΢΢һ壬һеЭ飬ſʵģ칬ģ
칬
̫ϳһɵһĿⶼǿ죬ȴĻش
Ǻɽ󳬷ǺɽİһȻǵӵʲôʱƺϵģ
ϱʾ⣬ЩȻףڵķ˵ĺ¡
ġ
Це˵ţ˵ƺ½ͺˣԴ¼˲Źݣ
ĺ°
϶¶ϲɫϲ
д£εĻһҪٰ¡һ㣬ңְܳ⣡
ڸ°ĳ룬صĶŷ콻š
ڷģԲκε⣡
ŵı֤š
۱ع飬ȻлǹڣûʲôĵģңڻЭڣɽҲû˵ҡ
ͺá
ĵ˵ͷǼĿеЭ飬˵Эڣҷָտɴ
ڣɷҿ
̫ϳһЭ飬èץվΪٵʵ
ôãȻѾµЭϵˣǣǻǺϣܹݡ

ھǶһұһЭ飬һ˫˫ϣӣʾܲģԥãø˵Сĵ㣬Ūˡ
ǡ
æ֤ӷнӹЭ飬ƽϣλ̫ϳ϶̽ͷЭϵݣһޱȵļõһԵķĵģЭ飬һһš
ƾȻˣ
Э̫֮ϳ϶Щ㵡
ǵ⵱У嶼ǳУĴڣô֮أ

˵ͷ˵壬һΪǿ塭ƽˣЩô״ӦЭأ
ݹżϼأԴڣԴޣԴޣÿһͷܴﵽ۷ľ磬ңǵ֮ˣҲκβһͷԴޡƾλԴģ
üͷʵ
԰żϼأԴĵطԴȺǧ֮ǧ֮壬̫ˣܿ
ҲһĨȻٳӣ˵Լʡ
ʱ˲һֱżȴˣƾεõԴģܹ˵ģ
죬⾿ô£˵
˼һԣסҡͷûҵǶŷʵ
ǺǣڣģΣԴڣշһͷصħ֡
΢΢һЦǽƵԭĵʱǾϵһ󾪺
Ȼܹշ޵еħ֡
һƬ̾ɫȴһĨɻ
ȻͷħԴ޵еĴڣôƾʲôܹշңƲΪѣֻһͷԴҲκβˡ
ڣûͷħ֣ܹһԴأ
ɫͲµʲôóһָݸڣ˵ƾͷħ֣ƿԴڴһ壬ٺ٣ٵ롣
һ壿
ڶһƬ㵵ɫ
˻
ǻûӦʱ򣬶߱ʹڵ
üһԴʯ˰ɣ
ڿеĽָ۾ɵԲ
Դʯ
̫ϳĿ֮󣬶ĵһ
־һĴһѹǵļ䣬ǺЩѣϢʡ
һֵĲƸѾ޷Դʯļֵֻ֪ǽҼҵȫˣҲղһöԴʯڣһӾͰǰö
ǳǿʱҲЩӦˣʯһ˵


1059 
˺ˣһʲôӣûеϢԴʯ𣿡
ĿɿڴģѵһϳƺΪһ
⻰õۣǱĵĿ
ǿûһҵԼʱһٵģõǻΪԸء
˵û
ĺ˿ѹеļ˵ЭһȣöԴʯǾţ֮һëѣûʲôСֵġ
뵽Эϵ֣͸оѪҺڡ
ȷԴһɷֳöԴʯȷ㲻ʲô

⻰̫ϳ϶ǵ˵ͷʾϣͬʱмҾҪˣһǰδеĸ߶ȡ
ԺرҪע⣬²ҪţرηƵĻ񣬺пܺɽԣʱҪһƽȥԴ𾪻ʧ룬Ц󷽣𣿡
ڽЭָСĵķϣصϽš
ϾڵķңѾ֮ǰķˣһˣͻŻңȷǻ˿ЦرǺɽȻϲ˵п϶Ц
һҪ𣬸涼עģңҲҪ̬
˵ǡ
˶ǹӦţеҪԡ
¹طҵ棬ǱӣҲҪ׼׼ˡ
ΪεĻǹϵ칬ҳֻҪϢɽ϶кܶμӡ
ǷǰȷǷҲҫȴһˣĳַ˵ҵĵλѾڳˡ
ԣԴ̬ȣҲı䣬
ڣǷƵ塭ЩϾͲܵͷħֵϮ⼸öֻҪӵҷҵ֮˳УͿͷħκ飡
ǽƸȫ˳ϸڽ˵á
ãð
ڴЩ죬ҷң
̫ϳҲһ뼤֪ӵͷħ֣͵ڷԴԶİ
һԴ˵Դǰ޹˺ߵʢ٣
Щɣҷҵ峤ηȻвһУش״Ҫλ̫ϳϹͬ飬ſɾϣ𣿡
˵ţصĽЭ飬ָ壬죬Ҹ
ס
һɫĵ˵ͷӹЩ֮󣬲˵ڣһ뷨Ҫ糾һͬҵ֪Σ
糾
üͷ΢һ壬һĨ⣬˼糾Ӧ𣿡
ѾӦˡ
Ц˵ͷ
ǾͺãԺң˴ˡ
˿ЦĽţ벻ϹŶ֮껹ܹԺȥλڵʱҲᱶӣ
һʱ䣬ڵ϶Щ
ÿһյϣĿꡣ
ڣϵǾѾ
ˣǸȥ׼ˣһҪεһʧɶҷҵ棬𣿡
һõЦݣվһ䣬ͳȥ

صʥҽʥ֮ڣŮĥһֱҹƲһ˽뵽˷֮ڣ棬лڰѹء
ʼɣ
֣ƽۻǿͷ­˳ڷǰվڼϵС˵
ѽ
СһֻǰצӨӨ֮⣬ֱӾŻͷ֮ϣģһʱһӨʹӻͷڱ˳
һͷ͵ĲۻȼܵĻ棬ϴǾӨ͸Ƭӣһͷ
ʱСצϣȴǲҲҲһֻСèһ˳
ৣ
ĺ˿涼ѵ״̬ſڣСͽͷ͵Сϻӽڡ
𣡡
һµĺʱʹӷڴ˳ķΧһЩеĳӶǶУɪɪҶΧһӱİ
ĪƳûӰ쵽ƣ֪츳սսⲻϢɱһУֱӱ塣
꣡
ŷһԪڵ췣ǽֻҪŰĲۻذ


1060 
췣ضĻ־ܹɱеһУκɻԵĴ
㣬ĸǸϣƾѾõ֤ʵˡ
ʱͷĲۻ췣֮󣬶ʱ¶ֵ̿˻ţƣССڹϯҪ췣
ȼܵĻ棬ƬƺƴѹȻֻԵҲû֮⣬治ǰ׻ĺᣬǴ״̬֮£ܹϡ
ԣƣǾƥģ˿Ա⡣
ǷûƿսĻҲͷʹƣ߽꣬˵ķ֮⣬κϣʵսȴƵշѹԣεĺУ˿Ӱ첻˷Ƶǡ
ս췣˫ѹ֮£һʱ֮󣬲ۻͱˡ
ɼƵʵĵȷǷǱѰˣƾԼҲܹѹЩ޵ľˡ
Ȼ

Ƴĺ˿תũҩҩԣת֮󣬱Ϳʼͷۻľǡ
꣡
һƾӨ˳ȫʱһľʹϮ˹õķȻһɫ˲ͱĲ԰ޱȣˮ䡣
ʹܣҲ޷ܣƺɱ䣬ڽʹǱģҲ޷ƵģˣԣʹϮûж⣬ǣȴͲסӶЩ鴤
ۻľڣ츳츳⵱תϣģܹĵеı仯ֳܵɾܹ֮࣬иȥ裬ʹ
ϵͱʪˣÿһ鼡⣬ÿһÿһϸһ滺иţʹ۳ɺӣŷƣ
Ⲣй飬ξܻģ෴ȴǸоڵʹԶǰΣʵܣҪ
ʱһֱĲۻҲЩҪûڡ
໺𣡡
ͻأģһͳĺ쳹ʱһ͸¶ֵ̿ɫһη塣
һĪĺ˷ҲҶһ£ƺǼʲôΪֲһ
һУѾ߿״̬еķȴûзȻѾʹܣȴһֱûзĶƺγɱܣֹͣ
ȴ֤ʵˣ޵ľǸܹġ
˵ûУһɱ£Ƿ˭ܷһþͻɵ
ƣһͷڰĻҲòȥ

˻ţƺҪԺϵʹʱķǳ˾һͷ˵Ұһȫûŵһ档
ڻϵˣֲһ磬ˣȻʥҽʥص˶ܹĵ
ʹһֱƺҪ쳤ؾãԶͣͣѾûʹڵϴǻƲµĽ磬϶һҵĵ
ʹʹʹĳ£ɻһ˿Ϊһ˿Ĵڣûĵ߿
Ȼ֮ҲֻһӶѡ
һ㣬ԣһֱţš
ʱ˺ܾãһתۼŮΣȴǱ⣬˵ڽһСͻƣܵȻṦһ
ֱڶ죬峿ʱڵϴķƲǻͣ˶ҵţˮһء
ˡ
Ʊ۾ٵĴϢţȽҪƣ롣
ûãģ֮ڣӡһӨ⣬Ӷɢ⣬ۿɼ

ŤŤӣ¶һĨȪˬܹĵʱϵÿһϸܵһĪǿȣԣǴ󻡶ȵţƺǽ뵽һµصС
ÿһ֮󣬷ƶָоͻһ޵ĸоԣ壬ܴﵽǿĳ̶ȡ
ڣþ㲻ͼǼƷҲƲıƤ
ɼѾﵽһ޷Ŀ̶ֲˡ
ѽ
һһֱۿŵСʯڱһĨ⣬˸˷ܵɫ
ڴһĵһֱڴţţһѾԶˡ


1061 ǿ
֮ڣѾϣһ㵭ĹӳһĵƣϢ
ʱ۾ڸƵĲ㱼䣬һ˼İĮӲ¶ѹһУѡ
ƣƺ뵽ÿһϸ֮ڣμ¶˳а̬֮˲ֱӡ
˲ۻľ֮ӵ޵츳
ˣ
ͻأģâʢڷ쳹ƳϢҲһĪиţӨ󣬴ϵһΣĿׯ࣬תһĵĴϣȥһʱڵoһһͻһĤݵּ⡣
໣
𣡡
ߴ

ֲһĺڵ׻ȸ䣬룬׷֣쳤Хˣ֮ڣΧĿռ䶼һۿɼȴƺһĪһСΧڣȻһ𣬾ѡ
޵̬ʱȴһһ˷Ƶͬǹ£Լ츳뵽һ˵ڣңγں֮ơ
¡¡
ը쳹һɹ׾֮תÿһϸڶ۳ɵһͷںУء
ˣ
һͼ¶ֻܲǣȴ֮ǰͬͼޱȵİ쵣ƺͼ۶ɣ¶̬֮嫳롣
󣬿ռ츳츳츳һһ֣Ϊһ壬ȫ뵽˷ڣûУ󻺻ִӰڵأ䣬һлָƽϢʲôҲûзһ
򡭡
⣬һĨ⣬ૡ
꣡
ʱƱ۾ڱЩ貵ӣָ˹ž޲䣬ǳ
ˣ
ĵһоѾˡ
ΪѾܵԼǰһˣʱоڣÿһϸ֮ڣƺ޵Ĺ
츳ǰһˡ
оÿһϸ֮ƺһͷܹ֮ء
츳Ҳǰһˡ
ÿһϸ֮ڣһͼβơ
ৣ
һֻȻʧֹĿµÿһϷš
츳Ҳһ뵽ÿһϸ֮ڣǿ÷Ƹ޷Ѿ޷Լʱˡ
Ҫǿô칬ĳ˵ʱķƣƾκ£Ѿܹ
ţʱԼһȭܹ֮ſ
Ҫ֪ȻûһϸܱһͷǣǿǻҲǼΪ£ܹݻһС
ѹ֣Ȼ˵ܹ֮
ǿƥлȻϲá
ӵʹѾ߱ƿʸˣֻҪż֮ͿԳ׵ƿУӵ֮£
ϵǿ߿⣡
ٺ٣
һǣ¶һĨſĻȣվ΢΢һӣ쳹֮֮Ħըһ쳹
ˬ
΢΢ȭͷھ˷ܡ
ǿǿ󣬳֮ǰƿصһ
ԭ֪һԾԵĽȣҲûϵǿᵽ˵ĵز
ʦѾƿˣ
зʣ˼뵽һȥصķϣǡ
뿪Ѿ֮ʱˣҲѾ˵ʱԼޣǣȴٳٲ飬õķƼΪʱ
ΪϵѾֻʣ¾Ǵָ֮ڣǰƾ÷ܹӦһУǣɽ磬Դʱŷ֣ϵǿԶԶԼ
ʦȥ
ƺɻΪʱҪһöιȥģιֻܹӳ˵ٶѣһʮˣΪҪιأȥ˭
󲻽⣬׷ͼ
һҵġ
һƬᶨȭͷţ󲽳ȥ
ѾҪһ֮ˣпܻҵһЩ˿


1062 Ե
뿪ʥҽʥصһ죬λ̫ϳ࣬УҪĻ֮פɽ顣
صĽܽԼ֮鹫ڣΪã繫Ǳڵĵˡ
ֵˣпֹܲģп塣
ΪҲһֵĵطǹڸ֮ļ棬һ־޵е̬£ƺֻ֮ҪڣǿģûɳĹ̡
ʵģ϶Ǹ֮Լݣң޵Ĵɲ¶Լݡ
ԣҲı¶ȻԼ֮һˣ
ңпܣᱻɱڳɳҡС
֮ǿ󣬾ǸͷȴУһ֪ǾԻȡж
ڷʥҽʥصĹϵҲܺýͣϾƳʥҽʥأ˽֪ˣĹϵǢⲢûʲô׵ġ
פɽ磬ǷԼ󣬷Ҳдλʱʮ۹˹󣬾ͿԹͬ۽פ飬һʮ۹ͬ⣬Ϳֱפҵõʮ۹İʱ߽ʥָտɴ
ڷƵķԸ뽨飬λ̫ϳ϶û飬ֱӶǴӦ
У֮߹һУǵףȻ˼

ϡɽ䣬˳һС·һԱ߲ͣ˽Ų
¹кյĺһһв֪ʱԾˮ棬һƣƽһ
ɫ糺ںϣļˣҲһһ¶
ϡǵԼһμʱǸʱ򣬸ӡΪ̵ģ˫ĳȣ޳ԲΪһˣһǣоͷңÿοʱĿⶼܲԾ˫Ͽȥ
Ϊ£ǱǸСѾ𱸲ˣһһΡŵʱ龰Ǳ¶һĨǳǳЦĿⲻľ˫ȥ
ˣ
Բ޳ڳȹ֮£֣ĲɷõķƵĿƲˣҲļ
ԴӷƴŮ֪ҪʲôˣȻǧϣǣµͷʱ򣬻Щ̻̣ɬ
ŷζԼڣȴþû෴ģȴǾ쵽һصĺ
̧ͷһͷ֣˸ĹâƻĿԼ˫ȣʱϱӿĨ糺죬ֻǣȴǵһĨۡ
΢΢ȣ÷ƻعɿڨڨһЦЩɵӣõһЦ
΢գ⽿ЦбǢ
Ը޸ңҵ𣿡
ץ˫֣ϴһĨ棬ʵ
ҡҡԸ⡣
糺죬ϼƣŮӵԥǵв˫ŨŨ⣬޵ĴӦ
ãð
Ӧоϲãһӵ뻳У˵۶˵Ĵ꣬΢΢ſڣڿУϸϯлȣ̲סݺݵ˱
ᣬþȻô׵ľʹӦ
Զ˫龫ֵ۾һУнƺԹ
㣬ѵ㲻ӦƸ𣿡
գ˫Ĵ۾ɻʵ
ҡ
˵ʲôȴһϷʣʱŭ˹ȥз޷µðСѾͷȻҵҽ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ҫ
Զԭõĳȥ˹һƿ˷ƣһߺõķǱǳ˳飬ݺݵĳһۣûĺǳ

ǵŮӣ¹ƮȻƮɣǵϣǴһĨڨڨЦ⡣
Ƹ磬ãԭ
һ߹ŷƵֱҡţн˵ĻǸֽҲڻеǵС޷ޣֱӾɢˡ
㰡
ŭһ񳹳ɵǡ
Ƹ滵ӣ
ŷȭͷƺвȴûʲôЧֿķٴһѣԭֱš
Ǻǡ
ǽģʱ˵ЦҲЦ


1063 
ңΪĹϵҲפʥҽųˣڹųڣҲ˸ǵĴ壬Ǵαƻ¼֮ҵϰǸ˺ܶ࣬ңϴ֮󣬼Уƿңܳŵİڲ˵ʱңһ˵㡣
˵ǷƵһʽİݷңԣҲ׼Щʥҽʥصλ̫ϳΪǰ׼ˣ汦³Դʦһͨ鱦ȻֻǷȴѾ޼۵Ŀˡ
Ⲣ˵СǣҴʱļҵףӵй˵ҲһǺ£пܻ
Сˣ
ڷǣ긮ſ֮ſڵĻǾϲĴ
ҿΪ١
˭ܹĵеúˣȻܹΪʥصʥŮʥ֮ڳΪϵĵһˣ
¼ȥ֮˶Ǹп֣ˣվкñġ
õӡ
ԣڼʥҽʥڵڻĸıţǵĿ꣬𽥵Ϊ֣Ϊ٣Щ˵Ǳ˿

еõϢһʱͶе飬˹ķȵǣ֣ҲΪ֮һĽӭ˽ȥףˣӦһˡ
ڷƣʵ˽ĺ٣һ֮ԵѣƵҲδ֪ǡƷ١ء
û˶С˷ƣϾǷƸΧңⳡҲǷһִٳɵġ
ԣڷƣǳ˸м
һ·ϣҵ˶¶ЦݳرǿʱⶼЩȡ
˿ڣ׼˲ˮҵļλҲȺǷƣЩڨڨ¶ɫ
ʵǲĵغֻܻǣʲô飬ϲԼڵһλǣ˼̶ѡ
㣬ʵ᰷Щϣһޡ
ƹӡ
неĲ豭һţǶŷƺ
겮ʵҲպơ
ƴǸ˵
պƣ
ڳϽһ㶣Ŀ
ףϴЩԭԣŲò
һԵΪ˵
ԭˡ
е˵ͷʾ⡣
Ͼϴε飬˷ƣ˵ʱ׷ɱ
΢΢һЦС֣վǰ
շ磬ƣǰ׵ģϣ겮ܹ޸ҡ
ЦݣҽܣȻֿ˵һ棬һԵͺߵĵͷȥ糺죬˵ģǺƻһ
磿
գõһ㶣ļλҳҲǲĿ
磿ƣƣǷǸƣ
Ҵͫ͵һվȻĴŲ˵ҲЩ
ң½˭˲֪˭˲رǷƵĴǴÿÿ
رϴι˵¼ȻʱұǨʥڣûпֳǣҲԵɡ
һУΪǸշӣҲΪҲͻȻ𣬴۷塣
˻
ڵ˶ɵĵһޱ𾪵Ŀһ˵飬еoһ

һݣ΢ЦʱõĴһɧҡ
żŵӣһۣϲҸ
½ϣбǰӸ
ԼߣԼʲôأ
̧ͷںߣ̹ȻһС
Ҫ޸

ǰһԽͯŮĺ˿ѹе𾪣Ƕŷ˵ҿĳమԺͰչˣвõĵطҲҪൣһЩ
겮ģҲܰίġ
ĵı֤ţ˵֣ǣĸˣƺҪԶҲֿ
ã
лϲվǰȥķƵļ򣬴Цоǳ֮⡣
Էƣĵ⣬ϴĳ֣ҿɾͲ״ˣܻϾǸСڡ
û뵽ƻݣֻһƽҲӦΪУԼŮҸҪġ
˼ʲôأֻ´ȥ֮½˶ҪĽˡ
ʣ˭Լļ巢أ
ڱӡ
Ļλ϶ǼţỨ֡


1064 һҹ
һЩ⣬겮ܹ¡
ϵЦҲŨ֣óһöѾ׼õĽָݸС
ǡŶˣˡ
΢΢һ㶣˷Ƶ˼ˬһЦӹ˽ָ΢ɨһۣͫױչ屶;
ԭ˵ЩʲôƳһǣһ뵽ƴʱݣҲǿԼˡ
Щϸ΢ĸı䣬һֱעŵڳȻУʱָ֪ڵĶǷǳ˲á
Ҳû뵽ԼҾȻܹϷߣⲻʹԺֱӾͷɻڴ
ǵңڵıʥأⶼΪ˷ңԴʱĵλһʱΪۺ졣
ôƺԼңҲҪΪеһԱˣ
󣬷ƱһˣҲפǣõڳ϶Ǽѡ
죬ʥҽųеʵҲӵ˷ˣ׷׵أĽܹôõŮ
ʥҽʥصʥŮΪȣǱ²˷ģһʱڣʥҽʥҲ˼ѻŹ㣬Ƕ֮ޱȵۺ졣

лл㡣
صԼĹ뷿ڣɫ糺죬ˮŷƣС˵
ɵϡ
΢΢һЦӵ뻳УǸĻ˵ʵ˵ллӦңȫҡ
Ըġ
û˵ֹ꣬¸ҵֱŷƣᶨ˵
Ȼԭһ˽ܵ飬ǣһ뵽ܺһԼģͻʹˣҲϣӴԺһԣԸܣңЩŮദãҲûԼôദ෴ģúǢǽһ
ǸСɵϡ
дžǿоۣСһĨȣԺҲܲˣֻҷƵˡ
޵£һѺᱧԶĴ齡
һϮɫȹʵʵֻһ˫ȴ¶⣬ڷ۽֮ĺҲǿʼأʵظҲǲͣıϣĽëڲţƺѾԤ֪֮󼴽Ҫ飬˫֮ӿĨ˵죬ޱˡ
ǰһĻƵĺҲǼ࣬˫Ҳǿʼʵ촽ӡĴ꣬ʣƺƷζ
Ե˽ȥ֣ȫչ˹ơ
һЩϤϤһѩ׵ǳ˷Ƶǰ
ǣʤѩ֬Ҫף˿ҪỬӨ͸ˮɣĽ·ĲҲһ˿覴á
رһ˫޳Բȣϸ覣˭ȣҲƲסԼ
ҲǺ⣬һֱ̣ӻ͵Ķǣ˫죬׺ݵȥԼѹ£ַţţƺϧ

ƴϢţص
۾ϤӣϽߣȴۣرǸܵʱĽҲ΢΢Щš
Ժˡ
ŬţĳŴ
š
һĨҸĻȣ˫֣ıŷƣƺ·ȥһˮڣԡ
š
һ߹߻ȵ彻һ𣬻
һѾȴԣתѾȫ٣ɫ¹Ҫ컵Ĵ⣬ȴһʱɫΪ
һҹעߣ
ڶ죬Ǳһѵģһ۾Ϳһ˫ֱԼʱбۣߵı۾
С˲𴲣ҲЦ𣿡
Ƶ˫޳ڴζ٩š
Ѿˣ
һʱ۾һĨҡ
ƤһֱȽϱ飬һʱʱ֪Ǻá
㣡
һۻЦķƣ
ҹǿѾֹͣ˲࣬Ȼô˯ͷأ
ȻѾ˯ͷˣ磬ɴˣΣ
ǽߵģ̲סڵţһӣ˸ס
һ䣬ûзʲôҲᱻ˻ɰ˵ҲֹŰˣȻŹǧѷĺʱ


1065 Ͳ
ʱֲųţţ۾һֱƿƺ±˿һǽģõķƴ֡
޼䣬Ǹᱻ˻
һڳڿȴˣǣ߽ټǽߵģϵЦݶŨࡣ
ʲô飬Ƕһ۾ͿˣΪǶ֪ƤԶװ֪ѯʻ¡
һֱԹ緹֮󣬷·ʥҽʥء
СһڷߣŮ֪ʲô飬һʱ¶ԹĿ⡣
Ҫ˵Լ˲ʶģҲ÷رСͱǽƴճһЦȴ֣ƺڷƵĺ֪УԼûзܵĹϵˡ
һʱҧݺݵĵõܲڣвЩûڣΪεûнСأ
ΪкܶҪԣƼ˲ûʥҽʥڶֱͣӸҴӪ
ˣȻҪ͹ȥڣգҲͼʱˣʱ仹Ǻܽȵġ
ص˷ңƱͱһ̫ϳڣһѯ֤ʵ֮Ƿ
󣬷˵飬ر֤̽פǵ¡
ԷĿǰĺ˵ֻռȡһλãǽǶҲûˡû˵ʲô
Ķ
Ϊ½ʥؼһЩҶ룬⣬Ȼ
ɽǰԴֳЭϵ룬ţѾ㹻ˡ
ҪڷҵȥЩ뺯ȴЩѣڶҲټ
ԣٴαҵıץˣǷƵϲ£ҲûڣڴӦ
⵽÷ʡˣҲ뺯Ͳһǿ󵽹ĵز칬ҵĳȻû⡣
ĵص㣬Ƿڵ۳ǣ
Щ۳ѾæˣǣŵƽʣⲻΪ˷ƻ⣬Ҳϵҵ档
飬ܿôҪȥռ칬Ͳ뺯
ٴ칬ûܵʲôһӵܵĴ£ٴ칬׼õ߲ϣʱͽһ
߲ǿıڣɲ˭ܽȥժȡġ
ܹȥӲ
ԣȻ֪߲ĹЧҲûĸҶ˼
ǣȴһöİԼǰõ칬һЩӦ
ⶫĵģ
칬ĺ˿˺иǣǶŷʵ
ԽԽ֣һһֱһصɴ͸ϴ볿ԵǳԣɣһӦûûжȫŶԡ
رڣ֣ڵķƣƺʲôطĲͬˣǣĵ㲻ͬȴ˵
ָ֮оǰӣһθӵĿֲˣҪĴƣһļ¡
ţָоƿ϶ʲôطõ˾޴ֻǣصĺܺãԼ޷ƶѡ
Ƕ̶̼ʱ䣬ٴδͻƣٶȵҲЩľ
ԭУԾģǼ֣֮һΪ¡
ǺǣȻժġ
̹Ȼֱӣ΢Ц˵ţƺһ΢飬ؾҺԺȥһȦȻժһö߲ѡ
㡭
칬Щ˵΢΢źϣȴҲûʳ
ף鲻ܹ˵ܹ뱱֮ڣд̫ˡ
ѵһһλֲĴڣ
ԺһĨɻھãȻ²͸еԭί
߲ԲǷԼժģô˭ͣȥժȡ߲ΪĲأ
Ǹֵ˼⣬ҲǱӵ⡣
뺯ϣʱܹμĻ񡣡
Ƶ뺯
ЩѾû˶Ŀռ䣬ɽѾγһֶԣԣģ⡣
š
칬뺯֮΢΢ĵ˵ͷ
ѾˣԴķֳΪױڣ߲Ƿ칬ԭ򣬲Ūġ
һ֮󣬷ûͣ


1066 
κ˵׹Ϊںɽ۷֮һҲΪϵ޾ۻ̼Ϊ£˸ǡ
ηƲֱȥռңȥлƴ죬ȻҲط
ɽ޾ɽ֮ڣɽһֱƶˣ
档
ָŵĴɽŷ˵
˴
˵ţһը˶쳹ţƾͿĸЯӣӻָƶ˵ĴɽԾ磬Ǿɨŷơ
Ǻˣ
һŵ绡ӿںʵǲơ
һƬɽѾĽˣΧ󣬿ǣȴ˽кɫͳˡ
ĿɨƵʱȴ΢΢һͣΪڷϣӦԼһԵĲ
ѵԼˣ
ףǰϲûЯռҵ壬Ҳ޷ȷƵݡ
λֵܣ·ƣǰݼհͨһ
һЦݣĹ˵
ƣ
һ㶣֣ȴǼΪİ
Ƶ飬ȻԴֵĺܴ󣬵ǣɽ֪ȴûж٣ֻиĵ֪
ӣһӳڷȻϤ
Ҫ
㶣һУЩɭ
ѾϾ磬ԲܵӳƲΪȻܹơ
һϵˣһһˣҪƶߣֱЦѵ˵ĵ˭ܼ
û
ˣ¶һĨЦ
Ϊ˭Ҫȹ˵
ӻһ޾ڳͬһ콫ˣгһ׹˸˸ĳǹ

ֱһǹһһ׵۶ɵĴǹڳҡҷŴ׳ˣֱŷؿײȥ
໣
ͷƺƴſڳХϢ˲ҪӱܣǷƾɵһվԭأҲûƾײҲûзӦ
ֱţŻһֱֻͷ­ץȥ
̣
촫ͨХϯܣ·ɽʯľءһƬǽ塣
ôܣ
ĸ۾ɵԲӶ챬ˣǾ㵵Ŀ⣬ǼһҲӦ
ΪͷȻһָֻסˣãʹһ̩ɽΡȻ½Ҳû
̫ˣǶܹоĵڷƵϲûĺۼҲ˵ƾ贿һ
ӳᣬѾʹȫȴɺ˷ƣѾ𺳵˵
⾿ðĹ
Ҫ֪ԼϾ磬СӲ϶ѣƾʲô
˻
һ΢Цӣɵĵһǿ˶ԷڵĺȻ
һ֣֤ǰӾ߱ӵܵĳ̶ȣȫԼЩܹġ
λֵܣ²ûж⣬ͨһ˵Ͳˡ
һץͷ­ɳ˿ûб¶κε⡣
ĵ̣Ȼܷ𲻱Ҫ鷳
Ͳ񣿡
һ㶣ɻĿ
Ͳ񣬲ǳʱзŮ͵ѵ˵ǰİҪӭȢŮӣ
̫ˣңҪҪʲôĵӲܾ
ģƺ˵ѣƺҲû˵ѵıҪһϾ磬һһֳʲô
ԭصȺ򣬲ö
ӳɢȥ˳ǹһԵһ䣬ûƶˣȥȥˡ
ҪĻ£ɲˣܹðģв޵̬ϱȥ
ƣ
հλռҳڽ̸ţλϵĸӵܣϢÿһǼ˵Ŀֲʱʱһ
ǵĵ˵Ͳġ
Ļشš
Ͳ񣿡
ҲĿЩŹֵĿհ졣
ǵһռѾȡ˼ҸļױȻ谭˽ˣֻǲ֪˻˿ٵľѡ׶ѡ
ĸӵɫЩѿ
۹ߣпŮĴڣȴһ֪ܳСӸˣôܹģ
ȥ
հһĨâǸԸš

ӦһͿٵĳŵȥҰ㵡ˡ


1067 հ
·壬֮⣬ȴûз⣬ǱĥһƬƽأ⴦ƽؼΪɹ㣬֮ʮ۹ĵ۶й޲㡣
棬һϵĽĲܣ͸¶һµĲɣƣɾӡ
Ƭƽصм䣬ȴһͷ˳ڷϣһִĹͨġ
¡¡
񷣬ʱ׵䣬ϣ绡˸˸ԣǣǵûб׵ݻ٣෴ģЩ׵羹ȻΪգû˽ȥ
˵֤֮أ
ǸĴ£⴦ƽϣǰľҲпһ
ַΧȷΪʺ֮
ͬʱҲпЩĵ֮
ȥռҵĽأ˵֮أ֤֮ء
ʣӵأΪռٵǿ
޷ԣռҲһֱ۷塣

ŷ˵һ䣬ͳмȥһֱмĴ㳡ϣϷĹȥ
Ѵ
뵽˴ڣͰȥĺ
ţȥɡ
һӵڴӦһ֮󣬱˳˴·վԭء
ɲ֪Ĳɣ̤棬ܹоĵһɳǵɭңеĸо֮ˣֻվ
Ϊܹоĵ׵ѰʾǿߣֻҲͲס£Σա
ʵˣǾͲͬˣվڴڣֹܹ°빦ҲܹյܺõĴ
ӵ׼֮ȻܵӰ죬ƣһó
ԣհλϣһԵĸռҵĺĵӶ΢΢һһļһΪܹȻվڣ
Ȼ֣ȴûǽĿ˷ϣرĸӵܣⶼЩ
ˣǿûаøС
Ͼˡ
հ첻Щпо̾
ٶȣʵ̫ˣǳȫһӵҲܲٶȣһʱ䣬һϾϣ붼ò˼顣
λҲȻϴδϢʱǵ֪Ʋϣתۼ䲻һʱ䣬ͽϣ
⾿Ǻεȵٶȣ
ͬǣĸӵȴ¶ĵĿ⡣
ٶȣֱ̫ˣʮˣȻδﵽ۷壬ǺӵܵУˮƽѣ
ôˣȻҪԼĿеŮ񣿣
ŭɽ⣬ΪհҪԷƶˡ
׼֮壿
λϲ΢΢һ㶣ͽˣǿհȴͬˡ
ϴμƵʱ򣬻ԵԪУȴ׼ԣп϶ǷʲôԼ֪顣
Ҫǣã׼֮ƺͬԣҲЩļ¡
ľǻֻ׼֮绡˸˸֮ڣƺ޾췣
ܣ
΢΢ҡҡͷֲʵ뷨׳⣬ֻǷ׼Էĳѡ
Ͼ췣ôܣ
˵ˣһʾˣȥӴ췣

ŴŵǵɰӰ΢ĺ˿˽ȥûȥĸӵܵĿ⡣
칬Ѿʶˡ
ʱ˿̣룬հʾΪԼܸһľϲ
ţǱһССĻȡ
ӵţͬףûκιܹ˺ĵԼ
š
һԵĻƣǴЦһƤЦڴڣƽأõλƤֱ
һѵǹﲻɣ
ƣݼݼλϡ
м䣬ͣ˽Ųֹĺ
š
հӦһһĨ̾
գһУûκ̣һȽص˶ѣԼռǼӵһȣǲĺԶ
ⲻһʱ䣬ԼĿ࿴ӵռҲδӵйȨ档
ԭհҲǺܿ÷ƣϾҪռҵɣɲô׵ģҲҪ٣ǧ꣬˭֪ȴǷ¡
ΪԴͷħֵĴڣΪҲû˸ҶôˣϾͷħֵƿȨС
ûͷħ֣ԴڸûԴɲɣķֳ棿
ԣֻҪƲ̫֣ڡֺ
֮ǰǸû˸飬ȴΪһ쵽ˣе˼֮࣬־ԼŮ۹⣬⻹治һĺãһ۾ܷ֣һʯͷһʯ


1068 
ڣ΢Цݲȣõհ찵Եͷ
֪һﵨӴĺܣԼ֣ɱԼЩӵǿ̫ˡ
ڵˣ˵ãرվߵģ
츳˵츳ѾԼˣռһʵһָܹī
ʵȷհʣԼҲˣǣȴûԼֵ
ǰһ͸ңһϾ磬ѾԼаˣ
붼ò˼飬ԼΪƶˣһﾹȻԼݣʵѵá
Ҫ˵ԣΪģԼԣŸҶ֣
ѾӵһܹΪǿߵľģ
Ȼ츳ռ˺ܴƣǣܹܲ۷壬⻹˵ϹʱڣǰƽƽȴЩҲֻǿ۷塣
ƣѾҪˣ
հɫʮƽָ΢΢תڴĴָϵĽָƽʵ
ǵĵ
ЦӯӯĻشš

ǳȺ쳹ڴڻص
ĸӵͲסˣǲĿһ˽ԼڵŮߣԲԣ
ԣվˣ
ƾ㣬Ǹʸ𣿣
һӹţҲ⣿
ֶ㣬Ϊˣ
Ƿ׷׳оǲм֮⡣
ǿڲͨ׼֮ѣңƾŴﵽϾ磬֤ƽӹռ֮罻ȫΪԴǼµԵʡ
ԣУԷƺǲмһˣΪһõСӶѣӵԼŮ
סڣ
հɫһһһɵѹȥȵĸɫͨ죬٣˵
УҲڲǺǿǣȴΪƿ϶ܹΪһǿߣԺпԼƽƽ
ôһǿߣǺܲǵġ
ռҳҲĬԴûзԼĿվȨϷ
ȻԷ罻ǣȴЩˬǵĿĸӵûΪ䲻ģΪ˼棬ǲܴӦġ
ٺ٣
ڵһĻһԵĻƺٺһЦɭɭ¶˳ɭȻ˲
Ҳ֪ΪΣһСͷȴǸһֵĸо
ǰɭɭݣõհƤҲһϸĴȴǿʲô֮ͬҲǶ
⣿
ûжŭǽĿհϷĸռҺӵܵϣǲ飬΢΢һ䣬ɵЦʵλֵΪô˲أ
ܹӦĵ˵ǿڵīԵ˶Ҫǿࡣ
ǰĸӣѾռΪĵӵˣҲռԺĶȻҲлվ֮ڣհĽ̻ˡ
ţ
ôһʣհ΢΢һһУѹ˵ѹǴ촭Ϣģв̾һ
˺˵Ĳôô
ˣԶԶĳ˵ķƣȴ޷ǰ̹ȻԼ
ĻռҳҲɶһۣĵϷˡ
ôϣ
΢΢˿ΪհѾԼԷƵƣҪԼ֮ƣûк֮ǣǰһ˫ŷƣһһٵ˵Ȼֻǿ߲ӵ磬ߣˣЩСֶΣҲһûǸʸ񣡡
Ŷ
ǵĻȸˣϵЦҲŨˣʵôλֵΪԼӵ㹻ʵˣ
ףϣԶȭͷ˵㣬ʵ֮
ǻɸմԴʱͻϣҲǰĸռҺӵܵĶ֣ǣȴͬˣɣĶԿһͬǿߡ
ܹߵ֮ͬȻԲƳķ
ߣ
ȻһߣѱĿ¶ģھ֮⡣
ԼʵоԵģʥ֮£ܹҲûͬ˵гԹ
СӣҪΪԼãܹ磬ƾ㣬ûǸʸ񣡡
һ֮ҲţЦ
Ȱһ䣬ҪΪӵ׼֮޵ˣ
ӵܶ䳰ȷ˵ţĿľҪ̼ǴһȻǲлûһ١


1069 һ
˳Ļհ챾Ҫǳ䣬ǣĿɨƵʱ򣬼ӣ˺ĻָȥһĨ˼
÷ıˣ֮ǰΪǿֻǣȴƲ˶ѡ
ĻףҲҪǿȻõ磬ҲһֱΪƾöѡ
λֵܶǿ
ǳĻƾδһû¶⣬ҲûЦӯӯ˵Ŀ֮£ûаĿ˵Ȼˣôλֵһϰɣ
ţ
˽һ㶣Ŀƺ˵仰һ
˵ʲô
ɫһƵʵͬʱһЯŻشƵѹŷѹȶȥ
ûͬ˸˵˵رһ绹Լˣõĸ߰Щ޷ܡ
ҵ˼ǡĻλֵܿһϣ
ƺǵȻûаѹĳ£ɣҡл嵭
ʣ

֪˵ʲô𣿣
ռҺĵӶǴΪŭ׷׺ǳ۾Բһ绡ˣ׽ġ
ǿռҺӵоվ۷Ĵڣǧռӵܳ뾴ʱǶʱŭ

Ļհвɵ̾һ
֮䣬̫ˡ
ܼ̩ɽ⼸ԼΪļľӵܣʱıȴôĲ⡣
Īˣ΢΢ҡҡͷһĨʧ
ˣɲǿߣ̫ˣ̫ȳˡ
Ҫȥˡ
հƺ뵽ʲôһ
ǿģرûܵʲô۵ӵܣΪ˴Ǻܲ죬̫ۣû˿ǸԴġ
ռҳҲһȻǴ㵵Ŀŷơ
Ҫһ˵ĸ
ⲻ𣿻ΪԴռҲҶԲô˵ģ
һ뵽жһĨ˼ڶû¶Ŀ⡣
СݲһСԲ£ҲŲκϣǾпĵƣ̫ˡ
ֻлƣǴһĨЦݣ΢ЦƷ̣ζ
ܺãǺǰɣ
м˸ѹеıŭհ칧˵ս
⡭
հĿڷϣ¶Ϊѡ
Ǻǣ뼸λռҵĶԱ԰ɡ
һ΢Ц˵š
ã
հһվȻǶԸһô͵㵽Ϊֹв˼˺
л
ĸռҺӵܶǴϲƲŵȥ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦתȥ
ʦȵҡ
Ƹ߽һҲƨƨߵĸȥ
Ҳȥ
հ˵ţҲӸߵռҳһͬں˳ȥ
񹬵·һܴĹ㳡ô󣬺ǿ棬ռӵܶڸԱţطǴĻȡ
䣬ҪҪհλϵע⣬ǾͿƽˡ
ֻҪܹΪӵܣõԴǾȫһˣǣΪŬš
ʱĸĵľӵܴ߳ʱ˵ע⡣
ݵˣЩӵǶ¶ȵĳݡ
һ֣ͳ׵ӵܼס
ǴռҴȣīսīȴ
ȴûжӵֻ֪֣֪ôһīҪǿǿߴڡ
ԣʱٴμڶһĨηɫ
һռѩڰӵܣֱֻ֪ѩصӵܣԺռ
ʱĸ˶ɷڣƺǱ˼ŭ˵ʨӣηڲɵʱ򣬱ǼһҲ˳
ĸӵܲһ磬Цݣ΢΢ǣһԵļΪȻ
հλҲ˳֮󣬳ϵĴ򶷼ֹͣˡ
ݼݼϡ
ƺƵڳ쳹ˮһƺƴ
Щˣɶ򵥣˶ӵԣȥʮ۹뵱ϧӵܡ
ĳɳǸһֻôǿ


1070 һȭܵ
ʱվ㳡ˣң޼ռңȴǧˣңЩֻΧӵܶѣкӵܸΪֲռҽ

Ʋ˿һĨ𺳡
ȻȻѰ޷ģȥȣֻѰնѣԣƺܿͷſˣûйȥ˼롣
磬һ˾ܽ
һӵܶ˵лŨ
ȻԷƸղ˵ĴѾǵ޷͵ĵزˡ
磬˸ֵ֣ɣұ֤֮ڻ
һӵҲؿ˵Ҫ֡
ǿϾˣǵĶֻ֣һ˳֣ܹơ
ȻƵݣҲûֻ֣Ҫݺݵһٶѡ
Ǻǡ
˵ӣûжŭ෴ģֻɿЦ˵ҾãλֵһϱȽϺãǺǡ
˵꣬͹Ծ£ڹ㳡֮ϣʱΧ˶׷ױãһ
Ѿµƺǰİӣŭλľӵܡ
֪
˶ҡͷֻǣȴף˫θϵģң˵볤ϡ
磬ȥ
һռҺӵܼ״ʱðɣ˹֣Ծȥڷǰ״
ߣȻˣ
ռҺĵӲ޵ĺһûԾȥʧԼݡ
ǿԼȥˣ˲ŻܷƵģ̫ûˡ
ҵҪ㾿ʲôϷ
ʱҲ΢ѹеŭۿųϵˡ
ȻãЩ֮ǣڶԼʵţȫֵ뷨
׼ˣǾͿʼɣ
հ쿴ų϶վˣлﴫ¶
ȭ
Ǻӵһȶһ壬ȭͷ׹˸˸ռ죬ˣŷֱ˹
û˿׼ҲûκξƣԶԷӵ˼£ңҪһȭơ
ǣ
΢΢һ䣬һ죬׹ֱȭͷţҳһȭװؾӵɽȻֱײȥ
¡¡
ȭͷĿ֮ײһ𣬱ըװ죬ڶ㵵Ŀ£ǸԭŰռҺĵӣȻڶײֱ֮ӾͱƷ˳ȥܹǾʹı顣
ŵŵš
һȭҳ˼ʮ׿⣬ʮΣһŵĿŶǴŵЦݵķƣȻ˵ֱֻۣأԶţʹЩ޷ܡ
ǹʶΪǿɽ鱬ֱӾʹݻ۵ҿ񱩵ĳԼֱڣƻһУɣǲǷƹȻһ֮£׼ԼԻᱻһֱֻۡ
ԽţԽǺȻ亹졣
һĵ˵Ļһ֮£ܾѾˡ
ԶҪȥĶ֣
ǳǳĻǣֱŭ£ȻˣΪһԼ͵ˣ;ԲԼĶ֣ԲŻ᳢ܡ
ôܣ
ֹǳϵռͨӵܣվˣռҳ϶Ŀɿڴ
ΡȻǸĵȴǱ˳ȥѾ֤һˣ¶ٷ֡
ȫû뵽ڷƸûж£ƾĴѾһ
˽Ǹӵǣֱ޷Լ۾
⻹
ֱһͷι
⡭
հҲĿ࣬ЩӦ
˽ƵˣңƶսԷƵĵϸҲ˽ⲻ١
ԭΪƻԿռ츳ԵУֲܹܣȴûϵһ
ôǿ᣿
հ΢΢۾ڷɨţ¶ɻɫ
ɿƲˣֻܹоĵǰȣЩһ˶ѡ
ģ
۽ɨΧһ˫˫㵲ӣǸĵޱŭݶҧˣ׵ӿҪȫһˡ
ણ
һǿǰվһϤıӰ

磬ҡ
£㲻Ķ֣
ҪʲôȴǶϣֻܴͷɥķ֮ϣһ
ǷͼĴܰܵô죬һսҲ׵Ľ̻Ҫκһ֡


1071 ɫ
ΪĶƽΧֻСءķ
ղһȭѾõռҵĺӵܣȻϵռһһ˵īǣҲīľУīҪҲôף
ǣȴһȭܡ
֤ҲīǸģѾܹᲢˡ
Ȼǿ
΢΢նȭͷϲ
˲ۻľǣ֮Ȼ֪Լõ˼ǣȴһֱûҵһʵĶʱһȭŵ˽⵽Լڴǿ
ּ츳Ѿʳ׵ĸıˣʱ䣬ȫÿһϸǼΪǿᣬ߱츳츳һһ𣬽Ǽ£ʱʥףǾܹͽ˺ˡ
ʱǿߣҲ޾⣬ܹ
ҳϣСˡ
еŭ𻺻ƽϢϵһأĿ˵ţ⻺ƺƵӶǣҪܣ
¡
ը죬޾ɫ׵籡ֱһ绡ÿһָͷ׳ڿռԶ̶ƿĲصϾϯõΧռӵǷ׷׺ˣ˳Ƭ㳡ΧһȻĿһһ
ȻҪ㾡ȫˣ
꣡
հһУ㳡ܱǸһϣȻǣϣȴ˵
ȻʱûǣȴûٸСˣңǾɲ⣬ϵռҳвʱĵ⣬ĿڷɨţƺҪҳʲô
ϧʧܽ
ǿȴûڷƵÿһϸ֮ڣ츳ûʵʡ
УͲ˵ˣûһУû˿ԿƵˡ
ΪǸһصʡ
ǶǺҲȻһСƲˣⲻ֤ʵ˷Ƶǿ
ԣʤΣҲҶ϶

ķ׶
׵£ĸ˫׹˸˸³ĻʱΧռ׵ͱΪĻĳܹӶȥɱһУƲдӳֵģһ
꣡
ռУŴ̶ƿŰĵ绡嫺һķûڣȫÿһ䣬ʱ㳡ͳһ׵򣬱ϢֱɱһС
ˣɫ˿ûкתΪƴ֮ڣһ㵭Ө⣬ȴǸԼֿ׵ʴûܵ˿ˡ
˻
ĻռӵǣľӵܣɵһһƬ𺳡
ⷽΣΪӵܵǿ֪ȻͬΪʣǣ̶ֳȵ׵ʴҲùӶ޷ӳȫ
Ǿһʤ
ƼߣǷǳף޷Ͽ壬ԣҪսپ
д⣡
ԣⶸȻһһĨ貵⣬һǣһ죬ƬƬ飬ֱͣ䣬۱˳΢΢˦䣬ռ䶼һƺѾֹһֱֻˣһĴƶġ

ƽֵǸӵܣĿڷƵϣг鴤š
ȻƻǱʵȻƾʱֱֻչֳԴݻԼֱˡ

̾һ
Ӣ׾
һ٣˫ſֲĵâ˫󶯳һӡʱһĨ϶ֲֿƬռӿң߿ʼΧ׵磬Ȼתɫԭɫ׵磬Ȼ𽥵ĳɫת䣬ܵĳ̶ȣֱʮֹ
Ҫƴˣ
հ죬λϣӵܣⶼǶȻһ
ܹʹѧˣ治డ٣ռһˣ
ʩչ䣬ҲǺ£Ȼ־ѧǴʱܹƿصģֻǿܹʩչѡ

㳡ڵ׵羹Ȼĳ˹׾ڣɫ׵˸ռʱڵĺۼǿ£ӣֱϢ
¡¡
һըռ䷭һͷѣЩɫ׵磬Ȼ۳һͷΪɲĹ״˫΢΢Ų䣬ռ䶼һı


1072 ͽ˺
ɫƴδǣǹɱ˵ѹɫڣײϵ쳹аС֮ġ
ʱе֪֮ǰٱңÿһϸڵ嫺һݽߡ
Ҫǣ⻹ûɵĻϣһĴɣһͷ룡
뵱룬һ£˺պһֱƴۡ˵ǷɣǾ൱λ֮һֱ벻ǿˡ
ˣ
쳹ÿһϸǸֳһͼϿȥһ貵ӨӨ֮⣬ģ򣬿ͼ෴ģһףһֲɴݻٵӾ
¡¡
ۣΧĿռжǱһը죬ÿһ鼡ĲǴ죬Ϣһ㣬ȭͷۡ
ֱڣҲûжڵκȻҪѧ

໺𣡡
ɫ׵޳Х𶯿ռ䣬ƺƴ󣬾һͷһ£˫˸Ϻɫ绡Ϊˡ
ɱ
죬ɫɲ˫³âϵļⶼڲƺѾܲסƺҲѾӦ˼ޣȻ֣ӡһᣬ͵ſڴȣͷޱͳŷɱȥ
¡¡
ž޵ƶռ䶼ڲţ̤һ˻ϢƣܾϯƺƴƥֱһͷԶޣ嫣շһС
飡
΢΢ǰ룬͵һ壬һͷǱޣͻȻ𣬻ʽһȭͷֱӾͳͷ޵ͷ­ȥ
ʮؾ
ٽ֮ʱʮر׾ڴʱǺˮᣬȻ£ҵھ޵ͷ­֮ϡ
¡¡
ײһ𣬱ǱһصըΧĿռ䶼Ǳ貵Ĺâһգϯ˷
飡
ƻűϢףΧŰһ˫ĿԲɣȻ˫ץ޵ͷ­˫֮ӿ͵ĳ˺ȥ

޴ɫͷ­ʼ޴Ȼһ˫ֱ۵£˺룡
ôܣ
ȫеռӵܣӶˣ°Ѿʵ쳹Ϣȫȥ
⡭
վհλռҳϣڶ͸¶һֲŵɫĿɿڴĿ࣬˵վʯһ
ľѧ۳ֲƥɫޣȻĿ֮£ͽָ˺룡
˻
Առҵĺӵܣ͵ĵһڵѾ޷еˡ
ܹ׻ǵĴڣǴʱľѧֽһı˺õǸ޷ܡ
ԸԼΣǣǰһȴڲ̵ĸǣʵԭˣһϵˣҪ˻ˣңܵĺɡ
ٺ٣
һݵĻƣֿ죬Цĺܿģǵģ˿µˣõӦռҳüͷ塣
һĺܣһΪȴվھ۷壬ҲܳܵϣǣûһǴ󲻽⡣
ңһﻹڳƷΪʦ
ôһСͷƤҪжܽеĳڰ

㡭
һȻվԼǰӣ˵ۿԼľѧ׵˺ѣܵ˾ҵĳǴСţǵõӵɫףռģԣûг糿
һӵײˣһһֱվߴˣ̬ȫһġ
ʱǸоڸ޷
λֵܣˣ
ۣһ΢ЦĹ˵
Ұˡ
һĨȻǣܿͻ˼ᶨֱŷƣ˵ǿǣһ죬һģ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦʵֻǽҶѣҷߣɾͲֵܵĶˡ
仰ʵûгߵķڵʱײ£϶ǲܣ޷վסţʱʵǳûƣһ˺ͷɫޣ˴ʱ䶯ֿ
ɨܣ֪ԼĿĴﵽˣ


1073 ˰
ǿ󣬾ݵһսƸȵ˽⡣
µԴݻһУµķԱӻƾ츳ĽϣԲ׵Ӯⳡȶ
µǣּ츳ûá
ռ츳ûʱɱһƶּ츳Իᱻɱ
ƾʱ˺һˣӦò̫ѣȫ׼
ƾ츳Ѿ޵ͬǿˡ
ʱ򣬷ƾһֱ룬Ѿ˵ǿƥˣǣȴֻܹ֮ѣô֮ǿһʲôľأ
ڴ֪ڵʱ򣬾һֱڴƿһ죬ãⲻңɼ룡
ȥһҪȥռ֮ˣ
¶˾ģҪƿ֮ҷλ
ΪֻҪƿ䣬ϣͬ޵У
ָ̫ǿ̫ˣʥӣڴڵЩǿʡ
Щڵв

ĸڷ˰ɣ
ϸߵ֮󣬿ĸûɵĺӵܣհ΢΢һУʵ

˶Щĵͷȥ
Ϊ֮ģõǶˣ˼Ҹղ˵ûһˣܶԿԼˡ
סУֻĸѣ
հѵ
֪ӵпռ츳ղֱӶ㿪ͷޣǱ˺ѵģɾͲͷˣˡ
ڷƵǿʵкܲ⣬󣬸ǣʣȴǴûŹ
˵ʣһֹӦͼڹż𣿻˵һֹûгֹʣ
˵˭Ҳ޷ȷţõĽʻŹʣⲻ壡
ǵ̻壡
˶ǹĴҲûа㲻ޡ
š
ˣհĵ˵ͷ
ţ֮Ǿͻ֮ǰһֱӵ飬ҲһСջˡ
˵ֻһΣһͿµĽѵԣֻǣûоԣֵ֮Աǣ
ƣȷʸռŮ
հ콫Ŀ˷ϣ΢΢ĺ˿п˵
л
ƴϲæл
ϴε¼ʵͶհһݺøУôֻԼһֱڱռҵĸ׷ɱɣ
ǲ񣬻ܹ¡
֣ǴǸװһö߲ĵȥȻ˻ص˴м䡣
ʱ򣬲ռҳϣĸӵܣĿⶼǷհе֮ϡ
ںɽįˣԲ˻½ܹóʲô
ϴηƵԴһԴ
ǺöֻƽԴ͸ռң칬Ǳʲô
ߵĲһأɾͻ˾ǿԼһҪ鷳
ԣǶ񣬺Ǻ档
Ǻǣ㵹ˡ
հǺһЦģһֻĴС
һǣʱһƢܰʹ˳˲ĺ˿顣
б֮󣬴ڣ͸貵߲⣬ռӵǶܹ񹬴һĨ߲ʵϼ⣬ʱ㾪һ˫˫۾ڷʲô¡
ǡ߲
ھӨ͸Ĺʵհ۾ҲԲˣ
ǲɶõ챦ԵõģԴֶȻ󣬵ǣǲԵõ
߲Ͳһˣⶫֻб֮ڲУɽ˭˵Լȥժȡʥ
ǲüֵܹģرǶԽ߽׵˵Խǹأ൱ܾһ
ʲô
ռҳĸӵܶĿ࣬Ŀɿڴ˵һ˫˫ھǴ㵵ɫ
ֶǿɶֻڹżϲܿصļأûпʵڣȻΪ񣿣
ʱжһ칬һͷвϵĲš
óĽǰиڱӻƣ
ҲԣһСڵСӵܶѣ켶۷ҩ䣿
϶˸ģң٣ûڰָнⷬɾ
Խ˼ţǾԽǾúпԣ󼸺˶ۣ


1074 Сɫ

հ쳤ĺ˿ѸٵĸУʱܰ㶼ǻʧһ΢ЦķƣΪ𶯣Ŀڻٴɨ˼Ŷŷ˵ƣĲҾˡԺͽˣҪίȻҶ㣡𣿡
ģܵκείġ
һ棬صı֤š
ʱ򣬲ռϣĸӵܣ޷ˡ
һ棬ãڶ棬ƵʵҲõǵϿɣǼױǲ񣬶޷ܾκ覴
š
հ΢΢˵ͷʵǴʱף
뺯
ƹĽ뺯ݸ
Ҫ֪հݲĵҪǣף
㣬ݲúԣǱ𾴵ģңܹоĵհӦһĸס
ȻӲ磬ǣϴεϷܹĳհǳںŮֻǣûб¶ѡ
Ʒ½ǿı뺯һֽż죬һʱ䣬ͷ˷ңõķһֱڻǲǽ뺯ֱˡ
ٽˣЩ磬Ůһֱشһֺδţֱֵغϲ£졣
ҲפǣڣͬʱҪϢҲ½
һʱȻ󲨣ܵǷ׷׳ǸûܵģҲǿ֡
Ҫ֪½ʵĵһ˴鰡˭ݣ
ֻҪһ棬ʣԺĴʱˡ
ǷӿҪû񣬴Ϸ󴬣۳ǵңȴǳƲҵ
ǿƵ𣬿ǽǵĹԾѹˣڣ½˶ֻ֪зңзƣǼңֶᱻԺˣȻڻһڵ۳ϣǣȴѾû˹ȥķͷˡ
õǲ֮࣬ͬʱҲǷǳΡ
ôǿ󣬶кɽĵ̣Ҳһ٣ǣܹᲢۣ
ǰ֣ѹסˣǣ֣ȴһǷҵĶˣ
һеԵɣΪһˣϸ˵Ǹڷһˣ
̫ǿˣʥҽųǵһͬʱΪһֲǿߣԲǣȻпܻ֮֡
ȥҲǰ취һֱԣվ𽥵į
ⲻԸġ
ڷƼҪϢһǽı£峤ٴξ۵һ
˵
յ۳ǵһңҵ峤һС裬ǿʵ
ǵǿܹģȻ˵³ǵ³
峤̾һҡҡͷһĨȻ
ʱͬգԸȥðǸգǣǰľ棬ֹϵ˼ʢ˥ѵѡ񰡡
š
峤΢΢˵ͷʾϿˡ
ٺ٣ҿ⵽δأ
һŵ峤ȴǺЦһ˫΢΢ţ˸ıĹâ
δأ
峤ĿΪô˵
εľۻᣬ峤ģǵδǲͬһ
ǣǷΪţ
峤еĲ豭ʵ
Ҫ˵ʲô˵ضȦӣ
峤üͷﲻǺܿ
ǰڵ۳еڶϵͲǢƣǾԲһ˵ġ
ߣ
峤һâһ֮ôǿӲҸҵˣʣ϶ںɽĳǸлƵˣӦþǸġǾǲǣ
пܡ
峤峤һۣǵ˵ͷʾͬ
Ȼǲ֪ȥɽģǣȴǴӺɽģȻҶˣԣǲ˱Ǽ
ԷƵʣֿԲûУһԻΪӵܣһ˸Ҳ˵Ĺȥ
ңҿǹںɽڣӦҲСɫѣȻżôûйļأ
Ͽɣ峤˵λ峤˼һֵȷû
ҲںɽԻ͹ֻΪԭ򣬵˲Ӧõ˾䣬ԣǰɽķֲΪ˽ġ


1075 
ˣȷҶûŹżҲûصļأǾֻһܣǺںɽڲСɫѣԲŲܱż֮ڡ
ɽȷܹġǣΪֻǷҲɽϵ𣿡
峤˵ţгŨŨĲԹ
Ϊаųǵ£Ȼûа˶Ըңǣҵ̬ҲǶӣԣҵĸܵ˲̶ͬȵżõ׷ӪǻѾ޷ˡ
෴ģңȴûܵʲôż糣ԣҵ̬Щͬ
Ȼˣǣǵ棬ûܵʲô𺦣ֻǹ˼δѡ
ʲô˼
峤峤һۣ˽⵽˶Է뷨
ң
ңȻ˳˺ɽ̨ǣҽõȴҲУ
峤ǰȻĿ˵ţƺ˲һںɽڣǰǽɹˣԼֱҲûȡȻֽգǣţԸæģ
Ŷ
峤峤нһ𣬰ȻҲ޷ȥȷǷйˡ
ϾɽţëԶʱڸ۷ǿߣԼļ壬е⣬еĴУûܹȷе֣ңûȥ֪أ
䵽˻½ûгԮţеĹϵӦҲû˵ôǢȻֻҪԮһô½ϣͳưˣʱ峤ͺ棬ѹƵĺ̨ѹ壡
ʵҲ֮٣Ȼ峤Ҳ˴ˡ
һ룬ɾԲ򵥣ֻҶ۵ĵ̣Ҫһܹ⣬ԣ飬Ҫҹֵͬ
˼ı峤峤΢˼ˣԣûб¶ʲôɫ
˲飬ǿɲȥ˵ڷһû˺ҵ棬£ǰٺһ෴ģҿٴĹϵ㣬ô᲻֪أ
Ҵʱƣǣȴ壬ûнȥңǿɾͲһˣֻµʱĲԼİ֣һͷǡ
ǴںɽڿܹõԴֳɣܹ֮֮ãΪĪ֮ȻΪǴε¼ʵʧȥ˷ֳʸ񣬵ǣںɽһͷ
Ǻ޷Ӧ峤ʱͼˣǴĴ
ܹõԴķֳɣ
峤峤нһ
Ȼ򵥣
ںɽڣܹõԴֳɵģǾǳǿһңʼվûеõֻʣȥЩܹõֳɵлȡԴʯ
ͬҶۣԶӵйԴķֳɣ
Ϊˣ峤вŲƽܹõԴֳĲ򵥡
ȻʧȥԴֳɣǣܹںɽ磬Ҳ½Щܹġ
Ȼ
Ƕˣ峤г˿ǵƺѾԼҽҺݺݵĲڽ£½Եľ
ԣֻҪ붯շң׾٣
ɷڣɫЩ

峤峤üͷ壬¶Ϊѣûнӻ
ҵĶȻԸóǣȴҲңȻˣҲù
ǰһСˣ
ļ峤ڵ۳ദ꣬ԸԵĸԻ˽
ô
ˣ峤ɫѸٵȥͺѵǲԸѵǾĿŷԼͷʺ򣿣
峤
ĺǳ⣬峤ɫҲЩÿϺܳƣ˵ҵԴҲһ˵ģ뾭ϻڵ׼ſԣԣ޷𰸡
ȷ峤Ӧ⣬峤Ȩʵ˵ˣΪ崦һЩѣĴ£峤һܹߵġ
峤Ҳǽӿ˵ţһһ
ε棬ȻֵĲɢˣҲԸ£ȻûоܾҲڵӡ


1076 赶ɱ
ۿƵĻһһӽˣһֱûи𰸣õҪʵʱ򱻺ݺ̤Ѿ޷ٵȴȥˡ
ʱڣ峤һ̫ϳ϶Ǿһš
ҿҵϺҵĵСǾԲܳˡ
ڳĬã۾˵
ߣ
峤һһĨâһһǷҪҺ̵
Σǿ󣬾ԲǹСܹģǹʥʹе۱϶ˣ˵˵ĺ̨ʵҲһ㣬ֻҪ붯֣ң׾٣
Ц˵ƺ
ԣ
һҳϽӿ˵ңȻңʱ½ҵˣ
һõЩ˶Ǽѣ׷װڣôû뵽
Ҫ֣Ҳôװֻ£㽫Ҵʱĵ̷ϣ˼ҲۣϾɽҲй涨ǲϽԤ½ģҪѹߵǸˣ͵ּǿ߲ſԣ۲Ͱ
峤΢΢üͷЩǵ˵š
Ϊˣôȥأ
ϣȻǰཻãǣⶼѾȥ̫õˣֻѾѵĴڣڻҪضҪ
ԣһ뵽˼ǺɽԼ廹жٶ˼ҵ۾أ
һʱڣֶǳƲҵ
½ô꣬Ͳʣ¶ٶˣ˼ںɽĴῴԼЩĶ
峤ڣҿǿ
һ˼ãʱ۾һվ峤˵ǿϴι˵⳥ƷΪĿģҲҪңǿԸ󣬷һ߲
߲
һ㶣һ۾
԰߲¶ҼȻһǾʹٻһö޼۵챦󶨻ֵģ
峤ֽкãһǼѪƵģǣôԸɽ磬ȥ
ԭѾĻǲģǣ߲ջȴǿܲˣǴӦ
ңǵĺӵͷˣ
΢΢һĻȡ
赶ɱ֮ƣνҲûнһ½Уӵܣһͬ½׼ҪڷƳ׵ƹ

ڣŵƽʣЦ˶һЦĴѣԱߵ˴кǺг
Ҵϲ£˭ȥùͷأ
û½ˣƵĴϲӣţҪλŮӳףפɵңһİŮӣһǾע⡣
ǾʥҽʥصʥŮ
˵ʥҽʥǲѡʥŮģֻǲ֪ΪμǰͳʥŮ
ҽϵĽȣ˴ǡ
ΪŮҽϽȣʵ˾̾Ƕ̶̼䣬ݴѾʥҽʥص̫ϳˡ
ҲѹʥҽʥػѡʥŮ
ܹķģҲ˸̾
ʥҽʥأ֪ȻʵǿģǣӰȴģ
ʥҽʥصʥŮףɾ˷ʥҽʥصľ룬õķҵӰҲ͸ˡ
Ȼܹõ뺯Ǻܶ࣬ʱվŵˣ඼ֵģһʢ¡
˵ʱܹȥ۳ǵģ½ƶߣ
ڵ۳֮ϣҹſڣҵ̫ϳ϶վſӭͣһıͣǴźЦӭϲ˵ףصĻ
ƣ糾죬ڵڶߵ죬ЩףĻ
Ȼ֪аͽĳɷ֣ǣɺˬ
ϾҲףԼ뼸Ů
һ뵽ļŽ۾ףϵЦ͸Ũˡ
ʵҲҪʲôǹ˹ֶѣɷҵļλ̫ϳ˵
˵Ϊ˷ƵĻ񣬷ҿ㾡ȫˣȫܶԱҲ֤ڷҵĵλ
峤
峤
峤
żĺ۳ҵ峤ǳŷҹ˹
峤峤һȻǳǳ΢Ц峤ͬ߸һİߡ


1077 ʲô
ߴûڵ۳ǳֹûʶѾϣˣϵƣǴƤһɿݶֲִڣƺҪϵһ˵ǣϢһ嫺һȵĻɽһޱߵĿɲ
İߣЩֺ峤峤峤ǲźۼüͷ
ףһǲģΪҪңӲȥһͷϻ
ǣ
糾ǶһǳǳĻȣһĨϷʡ
ΪƲϵңʹ߸ұţ±ʢŭеķһշˡ
ûʲôǴʱֻܱҪǱˮˮ
ͷһ·
õҪȥɽͽˣ糾ҲˣƸ֡
ԭһֱûңǺ»𲻱ҪĶңڣȻԼˣǻпܾܾ
ɱ˰֪ɽ糬Ҫͽƣ
һӵйԴɵȷͦǿģ
ʱſڵ˶һЦվ
ߣȥơ
һЦݣȳȥ
ٺ١
ƽҲģģڷߣһڰɭɭݣȥ
ǷҵǺôļӣλĴ˾Ȼӭؼûס𣿣
峤ʱһ߿߰ƺ±˻һǣĿ⡣
˶ǲף峤ǳԴҩˣȻʱ򴥷ҵùͷ
Ȼǽפˣ֪һЩƺҪɱƣԷȻûжңǣҲΪż
һֱҲûҪҵͷʱô·ұŭ
ңֶЩ˵ǼΪİģ峤Ϊν˿֮أƺͺһ
Ȼ峤峤ɫȴȻһ䡣
ǺɽĴˣٽзǹݼ
峤бһߣվſڵļλ̫ϳֺĴ
ɽ
һʯǧˣ۷׷ףǵ֪ɽΪ֮ÿһ˵ڶ¶Ȼɫޱ𾪵Ŀ峤ԵǸߡ
˽û뵽ƥҪ󣬾ȻܹɽΪͷ
һӦԣ
ɫЦʧǿҹſڵǼλ̫ϳϡ
֣⼸λ̫ϳɽ֮ɫûκεĸı䣬û¶η߾ȵ飬õԭΧĿ峤һˬ
λ˿ǡ
£
Ҫ˵ʲôʱǸ߿˵ˣǳ⣬ûнɫͨ죬ȴҪ¶ֺõЦݡ
Ǹ߲ûھӣǰһĮſڵķ̫ϳ˵Ƿ峤ң
ҲԷ⼸̫ϳϵ̬ȲˬԼںɽҲһССķҾȻԼ
¶һĨѪЦݣ
ô£
ʱ򣬷һЦݵ˳ǲ֪ʲôһȥˣҲŶߵĶһ֪Ǻá
ɶǵģ
Ƿ峤
ϵķ죬ߵĿͷϣЩ˻Ƶš
Ǳˡ
һ۷ߵĻƣд󶨣ȻԶԣֱӺ峤˵峤Ҹղźڴ󺰴ˣ
û
Ϊվߵ峤ûпѿɫǵ˵λԺɽĴˣ죬㻹
ǣ
һˣһԷҵ̫ϳҲ¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬˴󲻽⡣
ʲô⣿ôû˵
վڷĻƹͷɻʵ
ȻܵͣȴȥȫǴţ

˵仰峤峤һĺ˿Ѿ亹ܡ
ǿƿ϶Ժɽ磬ȻôȻǿ
졭
峤Ҫǳ⣬ȴбһۣʱǿޱߵĿֲһ㣬ͫչɫҰ׵ĵʯһվ
һɱֻһˣһ̣ǵ˵һ͹ըڵɽߣķΧϢ


1078 Ԯ
ƿһ仰ȴǾǸߵŭԭǵ˫貵⣬ѹƺƵĳŻƳȥҪֱӽһȴҶԼļһɱ
ǣȴʧˣѹ£һƤЦһһںÿݣɭɭģ˵
õޱȴ㵣ЩԼ۾
˼ҷҴϲӣûյ뺯ˣһŲڣλɣ
ǴЦݣȴǴŲ÷˼ңǶǸ˵ġ
ҡ
ŭδԣѾͲȥˣ־ʹ죬ҪѪ߲ǣҪֵ̧ʱͻأģһɺƥѹûκ׵ľͽϣѹǧһָͷ̧嶼ƺҪѹ⽴ˣɫǵϺ죬˵ûа취
ʣƳˡ
˻
״峤峤ɵһһĨ
̫ǿ˰ɣ
ǿܹĵһ궼Ϊ֮ѾǼеڣ
׻ѹˣ
ʱûиͨţһû£ǣԼҾпܻΪͬıˡ
뵽⣬ǲɵĳһ亹
λãȷǲװͬʱҲ⣬Ժκ£ҲǷң
һҲϲвõ鷢
һеķȻ΢Цȴޱȵıõ峤
˵仰ƱǳȥԴ²Ųʣƺǡ
Է峤ȡʸλԱ㣬ó
󣬴Ȼͺȴ˷
ʱ˭֪ǽҰϲµĻͲˣˡ
Ҿ˺ε̨ȻӺɽ
ʱжʣԣϵЦݸŨˣףصĻҲĴЦǸղʲôҲûзһֻʣ峤ǸʯһվڵĿ⿴ͬһˡ
ƵĻɲǿЦģƿɲҴ⣬Ȼº϶ᱻưƤԣʱҲεѹ˶ѡ
ԭշ˼ֱңǷȴãԼĻ񼴽٣ϣ飬ԣһĻķ
ˣ
峤峤ǰʱڵ۳мǼڣ쳹һ֮
ǵЦ͸ŨˣһҲûȤſڴȥˣƨƨߵ׷ŷƶȥ
ɽˣ
ʥؼϵǸõģʱжһ
ΪǲףɽˣǷҵģǱߵģԣϵֻĳȥ˵Ŀⶼǿ
ͬʱʧǸһ˹Щ˹ȥ
ΪûиԼԮΪԼһ˾շң
Ԯˡ
峤ȴͬȱһɫԣͣ˵Щ
䣬˱Ǽһˣӵһ׷ԲԵߣǼ伸δ򿪹Ĵ˳׷߲֪꣬׷ͯգɰͦ·ڻüһε¶һǴǳڴڸλˡ
һ˳Ժɨۼ䣬Ϳ˷縮ڣʱǺ׷ͯյ߻һЦݣ˹

ԶģЦʹ˹˽ǰվмķ칰ֵλǷ峤˰ɣ
¡
ûаӣЦݣӦ
캣۹ǰϲ
׷ͯյЦݵĹţҴӽָóһССɾ⣬һʯ
һʱõļʯڵر峤Ǹߣͬһһ˫ھ𺳡
ںɽڣĹ˼ңʮۣһڶмء
׷ͯյȴ˵Լ캣۹ĵ
˵ʮ֮һƶߣ
ɲССɣԴֳɶûʸ޷ʮȻ￹⣡
̫˰ɣʮ֮һרҵϲ
жڿţԸΪǻþǣǺ׷ͯߵȣȴһͲǼ򵥵
ңʯܹʥļƷϣɶã½ϡȴóˣ


1079 ķ
ѵƾȻǼ뵽캣۹
ʱ˲뵽ǵȴƴԴԡ
ֻǼ뵽캣۹ڣôΪ۹ƶˣһõϲ
ǲܵ顣

ƺûж⣬ǲЦһӹеУп˵캣ʵ̫ˡ
λǷƣ
캣ûмƣɨǰûзһ봫Ტ۵Ӵڣǿʵ
дˣλǷƵĸף糾
ݲȵΪš

캣һһĨ⣬æŷ糾֡
⣬ûðˣƽཻСңرǶԷ糾иĽѡ
˸öӰ
ӣԼп𣿶ңһ뵽Ƴ׵ЩϵЦݸ˼֡
󳬷ĺӵܰţ治֪½ȥСλǵķĵġ
캣ԶȽȥЪϢЪϢɡ
һ糾һЦݵĶ˵š
Ǻá
캣˹˹֣һӢ˲Ļڸ⣬Լһˣҵһ³ȥ
˻
һĻУϣʱʹһһ˫˫ӶҪۿˡ
Ϊ̫˼ˣ
ֵѾֹ캣۹ĵˣԷҵ̬ȣ̫ˣң糾ƺûа⣬֪һģر˶캣̬ȣֱ˲ţ
Һʱܹɽʮ֮һƽƽˣ
һ̣Ǹңʧȥ˻һһԵ峤Ҳ࣬һֱ߶ţⲻܣⲻܵģһѣѣ˼ٰģ
ţ
߽縮ڵ캣һ㶣ͣ˽ŲĿɨˣһĨɻ󣬱Ƕŷʵǣ
ϣЩˣһ۾ܷڡ
Ŷһ½۳ҵ峤һҲǺɽģʲôˣǺǣعģǲҷ֮Ҳֻǡ·ͻԼ뿪ˡ
һɴݣΪš
󣿡û˵
캣һ㶣ҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪ǰʲô£ǣľ飬һ۾ܿǶһ˵ȥ֮һ֮ڣϸϸҡ

ǻӦһһҡ
õǸ߻һ
ɲ캣ǼðģǰйϢĴ캣ǰ棬ֵûС
⵽ʲô˰
ɫ࣬вţѾ߽ȥ캣վһЦݵķˣһƬĺ˿ת̱ڵص峤ھǲƣ峤죬ǳҸۡȥߵһ·̣ٴм䴦Ǹڴ֮ʱ㶨˽ŲתҪʲôˡ
ʵģǺɽһȻһ䶯ˣ֮һȻûȥ
ȻѾûʲôˣǣȴûа㹧ֺ֮⣬ƺڷУЩɽİ½ʥûжֻǣ峤Գӭ˶ѣǷƵĸף糾ʽ˵ڡ
ȻϷ糾ƺûʲôƺţǣ˽֪糾ǻҪ߹峤
˻û𾪵ʱмĹٴδ
һһĺɽдݵ˳׷ǿģ޷⡣
ÿһǸɫһ֣ڣһ߿ľվһƬңͫһƬն
ƣǼ˺εȵȻЩƶ˶Ҫã
ƶףأɳʹʵҲǺģٳ˶ǶڵĶ
ң֪ΪΣǶǾãƺЩԷֺ֮⣿
ǸϽҡͷʵ뷨ҡ⡣
ѵƾȻǼ뵽ĳ֮ڣ
ôһ뷨ðԺǵҲмֿܣʱжޱȵ𶯣ڻʵҲһĽ͡
ЩϹϵֱӾͿںɽƽˣ
㣬ֻҪ˽⵽֮жǼΪ˽⡣


1080 
ʲôĳų֮ΪĴ棿
ʵģܹӡĳ棬Ĵ档
ԭͲµƴ飬ԻǰδеĴ棬ǣǲµ˿ͷȴûвµβ
û½ʥؼˣһЩҲҲӡ
ʱ򣬲ΪȻرЩҵӵܣƶǰΪһʹǰѾǹˡ
˵Ҳ½ǰδеʢˣϾͬΪ۳ǼҾûֺ
ǣܿģЩûƶʹ߶ˣû׼Ҳˣһǳ˲ӬһģﳦӶˡ
˭Ҳûϵ桭
ȹ
ϼ
նµ۹


ɳ
񣡡

ÿһһÿһ챦Ѫڣ˫Ŀ졣
ɽ˵ǶɲģǴʱЩеİȴǷ׷ΪҵϲңÿһƶǰǴ˾ֹ̾
˵ÿһͳĺ񣬷½߷ںɽ磬ǻһȷѪꡣ
һУڷƵĻϳˡ
ЩƺǳĬǻԹҲЦԣû˸Ұʲôϡ
ΪʲôΪʲôЩΪʲô񣿣
ɻˣԿҲ벻ͨ⾿ΪΣ
ǷƼ뵽˳УǳΪӵܣҲøƶǰɣ
п϶ʲôΪ֪ܴڣһУڷƣ
ҵĺ󱲣ǰʱ䣬Ƕ̶̵ļʱѣǣ飬ȴһӶ޷ɵġ
һЩǵС¾Ͳˣǰ棬һܹ
ңͷˣƺ֪һˣԴ治ɫдҷ緶⡣
ģ˴ǰʼľ̾ڣѾľˣѾһʵ
ȴˡ
峤Ǹߡ
С̫ˣܲôصĴÿһĵһɽѹǵͷϣǴϢ˴ʱĹȴ÷ˣֱӻ֮ڡ
ⶼСûӰ쵽˵Ѿˡ
ң
˱˵
һ˶ȷˣҲˣ
½Ǻɽ磬Ѿûǵ֮ء
ʱ峤峤Ҫؼڣλǰϼźá
Ұ
ǵʱһϴӦҵֱӾҪˡ
һ֣ǵ궼ڲš
Ҫ֪ǵļ壬ΪԻ͵ʱЩǰҲ΢Ĵڣ
ʱǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ʱǲǷ֣ңѾԭǸˣԼͲһεĴˡ
ԭԵ۳ǣǣȴûôʱǲ˽Ϊʲôˣ
˼ǿԼǵҵףԲŲôġ
Щƶȫˣ÷Ҳо죬ҲףԼڵݣӦûʸ񰡣Ϊǻ
һеԭ򣬻Ҫӻ˵һУԴǹŷʽ
һ桭
캣۹ۣͻأģһ뺯ͳϣվѰҵʱȴҲӰ
ķʽôܹģ
ܹԼܲԼߣ˵һ⡣
ܹ׵ȡǵ
ã˶ǵûʲôȤǸһ뺯
ʣֹķʽ£˭Ҳ˭СǸ

Щɽİǣ뵽˴֮ں󣬵һȥĵطƴк
ڲȥкʲôʱȥ
ǶϳɾˣףǷõʱȻŹѵõĻᡣ
Դķֳϣǲݳޣǣ˵ҪʣǸףǾǳġ
Ҳһ仰Ƹ˷죬ҲʶȤûô򣬶ڰҪѰҵǸŵǿߵټ
ܿ죬ǾʧˣƺڴʱķҹڣΪߵģǷˣǸҲصǿġ
ҲȷҲΪԼΪ̫΢˰ɣ
칬ݰ٣
ݰ٣
칬ݰ٣

һ߰ڣһƬŵС


1081 
ԭǼΪֵǣʱ˿̣ȴǼΪЩ죬ˣһƺѾʯˣ沿齩ޣƺһһ˫˫۾ɵԲ͸¶żȲ˼ɫȫǿһ
ʮˣŮеߣеǽ׳꣬ȴһͬ㣬Ǿȣ
ȣѧģҲ߱ǵĵִ
ÿһ˶£Ӣ䲻һһޱȵģo˼䡣
ε˾ηȥֱǵݣڣ˶ǿƲסȥ
ʲôûôվţȣ
ͨûԥվ˳ȥŻƣһɽİ
ʮ󳬷ˣ
ңƶˣ
칬칬ʮȻƶǣҲɳ˼˵Ƕ֣֣Ҳ൱ƶˡ
Ĺ˼ңʮۣ
Ǻɽƿߣ۷㣬һЩϵĵ伮涼мأͨ˵ֻ֪˲˵ĴǣһЩ϶б˵ȴ׹
Ǻɽװ
Ϊɽ׶ҪμӷҷƵĻ񣿣
˶඼Ҫըˣƾʲô飬ȻЩɽϲ
ֱ޷鰡ŶãƵĴ£˸֪Źȥ˼ʱ䣿ѵ˵Ѿɳ۷ĸ߶
ûУȻ٣ȴϾѣЩȻϹϵģ
ľͲ˵ˣֻҪܹһȻϹϵһʾ޴ĲƸ
ðģ
ǰ׳յ뷨⼸ϵεѹˣǾؼףǼװģ
ׯ԰ڣһֱӾ̱ȥһƬңһԣ峤ѹһĺ֮󣬰һٴ˹ȥ
ӣ
̫Цˣ֮Ѿûǵ֮

Ҳû뵽հ칬칬˻ǰ̫ˣʮҳʹҲû뵽
հ칬⻹һ㣬ϾȢڵĺӵܣǣ칬Ϊλ˴󲻽⡣
ѵΪֳɵԵʣ
ҲУȴǴһɵ㣬ֻû˭ôʳѡ
˶Գݣһͬ˷Ҹۡǰӭ
ҴңֿĻӭλ
峤ǰ棬ϾЦݣѹĪļЩͷ˵š
Ϊ֪ЩͷǻԣӴЩɽһʱܹôݡ
ݴݣǸ
ܴʱѾǼѹˣǣż¶ȴûʧȥҷ緶һɴݡ
˻
ЩͷܵĴкȫˣ˺ɽЩƶˣɵ˿
ƾƶ˵Щ֣֣ܹ֤еĵλѾΪȻˡ
ٺ٣
Щ˵һڰɭɭأǺЦţǸ룬ǰŷҵӣСͱˡ
ȻҪܹ¡
ǣʮλͷڷ죬糾˵ʢ£߽˷Ҹۡһ·ϣ˶ǹĴка㵡߲
ҵļλ̫ϳϣǼſڽӴˡ
û˾ʲôףǺɽҲûа㲻
Цʱ˭ף
ǽ뵽˷Ҹ֮ۡ˲˿Ƿ֣ԼѾˮˣ˴˻ɨ䣬ǿ˶Է𺳵˫
Σǳ׵ķˣ
ڣ󳬷Ҳ׷ó׼õ񣬶ʱǾһ
⵽˵Ҫֺ÷ʲôΪǱѾվߵ㣬Ҫȥֺ˭֮óҲΪԼѡ
ңǺֱ˾ĸоϲ𺳵ģ
ˣһͶЦѿˣ۾гһ죬סĵлȴûֻҪͣ͸ա
ϾǷƵĻӦġ
ݣ
񣡡

ּΪϡе챦׷׵ǳʱڱҫۣһƬá
벻յ칬ὫԼĺӵư֪ʲôλҲóλʶʶ
˼֮һĿ׼ʹЦݣƺĽʵ


1082 ʶʶ
仰ԭЩֵĴڣİ˵Ŀ⼯հ칬ϡ
Ȼ½ϵ֪ʵݣǣɽȴһ˽⡣
칬½ĺӵܣ칬ıϵġ
ݣ͸Ӳ˵ˣȻû¶ʵƾհŮ㣬ݣѾ˺ӵܵĲΡ
ںɽУŮܹߵһӦʹ˼ƣΪģԴܹЩֳɶѡ
׼ҵʹߴʱ˵ҲĽֻڰѡ
Ȼֻǿ׼ҵ̫ϴϣǣݣҲƶ٣⣬ܹ׼ңԣŸ˵հ졢칬˵
ʵҲԸģֻǣ׼ƶôҪҲֻհˡ
ϾôڷҲƿԴķֳȨһˣⰵеҲСˡ
ǰյ칬óƣ۽Ҳð
ʹ߶Ƿ׷׿壬ҪҳС
Ͼһ½óʲôöңлɡ
Դӷƴ鴫˽֪ͷһöԴ
ȷҪĲˣǣȴֻһöǷ͸һһ۵ĲĻȻͻ
νһ˫֮Ƶģ
治ɫŷƣհ칬Ҳûеɫ䣬෴ģһĴƽңЦ⣬⵽Щʧ
ڴڵˣǲҷʲôֻЩ棬ر½ǶǺ֪ƾҳϿġ
ɣݲϡ
հϴŵЦݣžǴݣ治ɫͷһԵ칬ʵ칬أ
ǺǣҵҲڡ
칬ȻһЦԸ߹ʸţꡣ
ƺѾԤϵˣûа⡣
⵽˻ɣǲΪ˲ʧӣԹԼ챦
챦ҲУΪܶߵȵ챦½ϸûеģǵĻ۽𾦣ǸǴſϷĿ⿴հˣ
ȻҪʶʶҲò˽ˡ
հЦһ֣óһ
΢΢򿪣һܰ㣬˿Ƣˬͬʱ߲籡˳ĴȾˣҫһ˫˫㵵۾
öʵڻӨ͸ˮɣܰ磬һ
߲
ڳʹ߶ǲվһƬ𺳵ɫһɽƶˣĿɿڴĿһĻеŵԼ۾ȷ˼ǵһ
ΪûʲôŪģϣĶĶǲࡣ
ǣ߲Ūģⶫ޼֮˵УֻбڲУ
Ȼûм߲ǣģ빦Чһ
ʱǵڶ¶ȵĿ⡣
Ľʺް
칬ԴֳϣѾޱȵĽˣֻҪһ֣˭֪Ȼҳˡ
ǻʲô˵ģĽĽ
ȻһɣõķƵĿģٴδɡ
һȣ½ЩȴԵֵĻûôȡ
λò߲֪ͬȻҲͬǿЩ͵Ķ֪ܹȡ߲ˡ
Ҫǣǰҿһö߲֤ʵˣҿ϶ֹһöǲ˵
Ψһ˵硭
Ǿ칬Ĺ
Ȼǣͥ棬Ʈ죬һһʼմŵ΢ЦƺѶһУĿҲûз߲棬ǴʼգһֱŷƣǾ˸⣬ڿһһ
Ǻǡ
Ǿȵı飬հ칬жǷǳ泩ٵĽ߲ջУСĲغãһۣǿ˶Էڵɫ
ȻһأɽƶǣǰڲѣԼҲ˼Ƹöá
˴ǷƵĻǴǾ̫ʧˡ
ܿģαۣʱ̵ˣʽС


1083 
磬Ůһļ£ɴ棬Ȼ˿գǣΣ¶ʣ֤ʵţλˡ
ͻɷϲɫŮһɫĳУ컨ĺ̺ϣΧ˶ףţЦ಻û˸ʱңɽЩʹߣҲЦݣ̫ƣȻƣû˿ô
ʱڴ֮ϣз糾հ죬칬үӣ˷Уϲվ˻߽ڶ¶һĨп
ܹߵһ൱Ĳװ
˵һЩŮܹߵһⶼΪƵŬ飬ɲ˶ܹõġ
һжѾȥˣڣ̤˽ĵãңŸףǰδеĻˡ

һأ
ݸã
޽ݣ

һУǰ½ϰ׽У˰ϣŮȻͻ˷ҴӪƾûôˣ֮󣬾ͱ˹ơ
ҲܲȰ½ҲûʲôǣɽЩӱģԣһһƾκˣũҩҩתһȦ;⣬Ȼпܳˡ
ƻȥҴӪʱѾҹˣȴûһͬǿæˣΪҪפɽ磬ҲЩùϵҲΪѵá
һжǷҪ˼ģڵҪǺͬ˼Ѿõ飡
ٺ٣ʦҪذ
Ժ֮󣬻һЦڷƶŭ֮ǰһܵûӰˡ
һ
ưһϱ͹ŨŨЦ⣬ϲȥ
Ůһһ䷿
߽ģķ䣬С˿ŵʱ˾ͽЩһ˫Ҳקһ
ִüˡ
Ǻǡ
Ļ΢΢һЦ˹ȥ˫ֵʱ򣬷Ըоһ
֣ƿǲͷɴһž¶ǰɵһ
Iüһ˫ϲϲĿ̬֮Ϯһ֮㣬΢΢ƺǽţ̧ͷ

ɫɲ͵ЩԵĺţҲ΢΢ļͷȥŷ۵촽ϴȥ
š
С챻ס΢΢һ۾Žߵӣߺ죬ȴǻԣڷƵʾ£ź˫֣ס˷ƵĲɬĻӦ
һ죬˶Ѿ˺ܾˣǵõСʱ˱ΪǶΪһԣУǸʱʼһֱƵԼķˣڣڴԸ˫Щʪ
ϲãɬڷƵĵ£ܿͳ˽ȥ
ʱһ߾Ľͳڷǰ
һʤѩľѣӯӯһգηأ纬٣üɽ˿ͷ˿Щϣһջ΢գĽë죬Ǻ˾һһ˼ɫ
𣡡
Ƶͺһ˫ĿԼȥȡţݲţ˫ȻȻľסǰѩ׵ţõ
Ƹ硭
ڷƶֻ΢΢˫Ե۾ֱƺڷĳ롣
š
һʹƵļͷһѪ˿ӡ
ȻΪ֮ȻݣǿɾҪˡ
ʹģͣ˶ǿסеаȥϵˮߴԺҪз𣿡
š
۾ߵĵ˵ͷһ̣ƺʹѾȥһ̣Ůӵ֣Сȥס˷Ĵ졣
˵ʢ飬õķƸж֮࣬Ƕӱϧ
Ĵ齣֨ڿţһֱ賿ֹͣ
ڶ죬
ȻΪǱʣԸԵЩ䣬ǣڷǰȴ¶˱顣
Ƹ磬ˡ
ŷƵǿ۽˾ӨˮҸᡣ
ȻĿǣ˻ߵһ𣬽֣ģңΪԣŸ
⼸죬ǳ뼸Ůˮ齻֮Уֲʧˣʱ䣬ûгԺӣǶˡ


1084 칬
Щ˺ܶ£˽ֵģǷƵĻⳡʢ£˲ǵĶ
󣬺ʵģҶ֣ұ㱻ڶһͬշû
ⲻһСû˷ϣܿ͹ȥˣǣҵǿȴǱμС
ںɽУҲȡ˴ʣһϣÿһӵܶѸٵĳɳţǿš
ֻеǳɳˣҲǿˡ
ǰںɽפأǳ壬ҲΪһ˳ֻҪפɽ磬Ϳֱӹȥ
ʱڣʥҽʥѾפ˺ɽ磬ʮ۹İ£ӻ£Ѹٵķչţɢţǣ𽥵ĳСӣӰҲվõĹʥŴңǣʱ򣬹ʥȴʧȥټû֪ȥѩ˪û˸ߣֻĿҩʦᣬһһģʳԼͨеĵλ
ʥҽʥƫ˷ңȻ˺ɽڶʵĻɡ
ƾǲ֮
ƾʥҽʥصʵԭǿɽ緢չģҺпܻΪһͷǣȴΪڡҩ֮µǷϣԲ𽥵įˡ
̣Ǳأֻ֮ܳΪǵƶˣǸ󳬷ҲŲˡ
εľٶȴ˴󲻽⡣
һ飬Ƶͱ˳ΪƣŵԽʥҽʥسΪʥŮߣǷƣʥҽʥͱ˲ʳˣһ𣬵ǿԽ͵Ĺȥ
ңഫ֮ʣֻǾ߱һܣѹأܾ߱޵֮
Ƿƣȴӵ׼֮ûа֮ԣֿԲűųˡ
һУǳźõķչš

죬ƴŵЦݣŮ߳ԼСԺӣȥ糾밲ȴǷ֣糾һİڿ̸ʱ΢΢һ
ӡ
칬Ĺ
һ֮ؾߺŮȥ˺ã˵Ů˼ҵĻȥˡ
ƣϹѯ㣬Ҫʵش𡣡
糾Ҳվŷƽһ䣬˳ȥҲʶȤƨƨߵĸȥ·칬ڿ
£
ƴЦݣʵ
ǰϴƮʣƺʱܻȥȻ棬ǣ۽ǵһƣȴ͸¶µĲɣ
ʦȻ죬ܹƹȥ֪δǣȴɵֵµʴ
س磬绯żʳ硭ߣΪ֮ھż֮ƿػ硭
ûֱʷʲôԹԵǱ۾ţ

վЩӡ
֪λʦ˿϶ǿʲô˿ˣҺпѾʶԼʵݣȻԵ޹ʵô˵
Ǻǡ
۾û˵ʲôֻǴĿ˷һۣ΢΢һЦͰ˵
񻰴˵𣿡
£˲żʵ
񻰴˵
һ΢΢˵ͷ
Լ֮壬ҲţǣʼȻڣǾʹ񻰴˵oӦöġ
֮֮Ϊ֮ˡһʹ˿ˡҩܹҽθּܹԶ벡ʹԣʱ壬֮Ϊ֮֮ϡ
Զ޵ףƺ˵ˮ֮ľ
oʸͬʣ쳤һ޶ؼ䣬ֻһӵСңͻֻ
˶٣Ŀڷϣǳ֮Ϊֻأֻأ
ֻء
ޱȣΪ䴫ߣЩ̵˽⡣
˵֮ȷǶһ޶ģֻܴһˣֻеһؼŻ̳һû뵽Ҳһ
ʧ˺һţûܹȷǾˣˡ
ǣֽ˵ӦˣȻҲڳˡ
٣Ӧǲˣ
ʱڣһǣ̵أΪʳǿӵ޵֮ΪͿ̿ʱΪ֮˿ѹoҲް취Գ֣֮ѹ²Żָ̫ƽٴν
˵䣬˵ɫҲǱļΪϽھǵǡ


1085 
ʲô
һ칬仰һ¶һĨ𾪣ͻأķһĨõԤС
ǣʱڵoκβˣܹһ飬Ϊֲ֮ǿн֮ѹɼǼΪֲĴڣٴν٣ǲ˵ٽ
ʱڣ˭ֹܹ
ʱƵɫЩѿ
Ϊӵ֮һ壬֮壬Ҳ˵ֻѹǡңһŹľԾԼΪϣֻԼѹ

ƲһһĨҡ
ƿ֮ɳܹٴѹνǣǣʱʵԲǵĶ֡
㣬Ǻʵġ
ǽ٣ƽٽֹֻ֮εĺƽ١
칬Ŀڷϣ˵š
Ŷ
Ӧһüͷ΢΢ͻȻ뵽ںɽʱѩͻȻ㣬˵д֮ס
ѵǸʱ
һԺһɵ㣬֮ѹģ˭ȥģ˭ųǶʲôôѵ˹Ҫ䣿
ȻȴһƬʣкƽ٣Ҳ˵֮ڣӦò֡
Ŀ¶ǣüͷ
ȻܹΪ˲֪飬ǣȴҲһ׼ʱ䣬δʱϿʱڲдң΢ġ
ǣǼȻѾ;Բٴαѹң϶顣
Ǻʱ֣
ѿ׷ʵҲ±¶ݣΪ˶˵ⷬʱ֪˿϶֪ԼĵϸȻΪλԼأ

ҡҡͷ°ϵĳ룬ڽ͵δɲ⣬ҲֻһЩ߶ѣ֣ҵܹǰԤ֪
Ŷ
һͬʱŵҲ΢΢ȥ
ֻҪʱͺãȱģʱ䣬ֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ܹƿ䣬ˣ
һöԤΪãǽҪ٣ôҾͻ񡣡
֣óһöʯݸƣ͵
ѣǻڶú٣
ûа㻶ϲʯصʵ
꣬꣡
˶Ŀ΢΢̾Ϣһ
Ҳ֪ļ֮Ȼ½ûеǳںɽĳ֮ڣԷƴʱ䣬ѾɷʥߵĲȥˡ
ڣʱѾΪˣʱƽٽ٣ܷӦԣ
֪ˡ
ʱ䣬ƵüͷֱӾˡ֣֮üͷչ˵ͷ˹Ĺ˵Ǿ͹ˡ
ֻҪʱУκλģ㾡ȫ
ҪԼˣ
ŮĽ̬и¶ʸ߷壬
ǺǣС¶ѡ
ЦЦΪȻƷǵûǷϣ෴־⣬Ҳּվֶŷ˵ˣѩѾͷѾˣԼ·Լ߰ɣ
лȫǡ
¶Щϲ£˹֡
زʣΪۻ
˿ţЦȥһƮıӰ
ܵˣȥһ˺ɽС
̾һ˳ȥ
ȻܲԸ뼸ŮֿǣǾһĴɽѹļ䣬ҪǰҪ̸ߵľ磡
ڷ֪µ֪ҩʦѾںɽʮ۹չңںɽפҲѾˣǣǽлڷҴӪפ´͹˫͡
Ҳʼפɽ磡
һ׼ֻҪҩʦʮ۹չӰʥǹʥ֮ա
㣬÷˲ˡ
ҹ䣬ŮһСӱߣŲԵĺ棬жǺΪƽ
ҿҪ뿪һˡ
Ƴĺ˿ǿ˵
ôˣ
Ϊ˵Ůע⣬ɻĿ
ʱһƬãֻҪƿԴڵԴûҶңֻʱ⣬ǲףƻʲôõǵġ

̾һ˵ϴѩںɽԤ֪֮ףұڴ֮ǰɳȻȥԴأ
ҪŮΪԼǣҲû˵ʵ飬ѩĻ˵˳


1086 Ƶĸм
֮ף
Щɻ󣬲˵Ľ£֪ܿôˣʱҲһǡ
ִ֮ףľǺƽ٣
ڹżϼأƽ٣ÿζͿ̿ʬҰϣԷĿǰʵο⣿
ǷڣԶԶƽһ٣ڻҶѣҪ벻ΪڻңǾͱǿԼвҶԼ֣⣡
Ƹ磬ġ
Ůˮھǲᡣ
رǼŮ֪䣬ǣƿز˵ĻǾͺпܻ֮·
һ·
˭Ҳϣķ
˸еģһ˵ŮҲãԼǿȻʱϷƵĺȡ
    ´˼칬緵ռңȫʥףרҩ־Ҫڶʥҩ䡣
һǰɽ
ڣţ˲ΪԼǾͲ˵ˣϾԼźˣһ˻ˮ¡
⻻ԼҲܲԻɱˣˡԼ
֮УȴǱģȥ֮Ͳܴʱ޷֮
ԸģңҲٶǿʣԺڿ⿪ϡ֮ʱ췣
ңлڣţ巭Ӧûûġ


ռֱӱһһٴ˳
Ƿơ
ܣɽ֣ɽڲʱĴ޺ȴûʲô˼ңΪ죬еĵݣܹºӣеĸߴΧĴأoŹҽ͹һܲɡ
廹жԶ
ɨһ֮󣬷ƲͷһԵĻʵ
ٺ٣
ƺЦһָǰ˵˵ķֽߣɽǱ߾ĵˡ
ո˵ἰ壬Ҳû˿ĽŸС
ԭɽ
һĨȻϸɨʱ򣬱ܹ֣⴦ΣƺӦóܹսűġ
߰ɡ
ó䣬ƵͺһǣǰȥΧɫǼٵĺš
ƣŲңһֱڷԶ˿
ʱͳɽĵϣԼϢµ棬һͬ뵽һСڡ
ĳ岻һĵϢ˶Ź˻ź
壬һԲϣͻῪڶУΪ뺷塣
ڴϣȻΪĿܶ嶼Ҫǰѵһƣһʱڶ¶𺳣ֹסŲ㵵Ŀŷơ
ӹܹӵˣ޼ңÿһǾǿߣ
ңֻ˲ųУֻѡ
һˣӵģ
õɻ󣬲˵⣬ҲûҲ磬ȥȨǿ嶼Ҫ羴Ĵڣʹߡ
ͦõġ
Χһ飬΢΢ɨܣȴûпһǰĴѰˣҲûʲôͨƺԼǼѾΪ˹ȥˡ
ֱȥɡ
ڼȷ֮󣬷Ʋź˿һԵĻ˵
Ǹ򡣡
һָȫȥ
Ȼûжٶһ֪ģϴȥ뺯ȻҲѰҸҵˣңƶ˵ֻٲһֶΡ
ţзм
Ȼ֪ʵݡǣЩҷˣ
ͻȻͷһԵĻ˵
ĸмȻһһֱݵĺܣǣĴڣԼԲôߵһ
ĸмҲֻܷУֻԺӵоˣʵԼĳŵȻһջѡ
ٺ٣ʦ˵ﻰӦõģӦõģٺ١
һƤЦֻǴʱЦ⣬ȴǰŨˡ
ѽ
״ڷƻеСȴǲˣ趯צӣƺ˵أ
ֻǣСĵĻ䣬ͽƵ
ȥ˯
ûĵһۣһѰ·ڡ
ȻСһҲԼ٣Ȼǣֻǣϲĸԣȴǵȷϲ


1087 һ
ÿһ˵̣һʱ΢һСı䣬ͻǷ츲صı仯
Ӱƣķ糾ɻһӹţܾͨͨôһ¶ȥ䣬ҲͲ硣
ûСҲͲۣҲͲ֪ܵܣҲѾ֮ڡ
˵·;ϣÿһˣпܸıһ켣һδ֪ķ
ƣΪôһͬѰˣԣߵ˽ĵزҲһעİɣ

һ·ϣ˶ûָͣ壬ΪûΪԣڳ·˱˺ɽǡ
һӴĳУ½֮һȻС׼ףͨĺڣɢһĵϣԶԶĿȥһͷϹ̾ʱܻɱǰ
ͨɲ֪Ľɣһι̣ɴݻٵӾǽ֮ߣվڳ£̧ͷǽѾη
ſڣƷ֣ǵղԾƺȥֻǣʱ׹ңſڵĻÿһﵽʾ磬Ŀɨܣ˾⡣
ѵʲô£
̧ͷƵ񷣬һ㶣Щɻ󣬲ŲȴǷŻ
վס
ڳſڣƱ㱻ſڵʮ壬ȫɭĳǹָˣвֱӶֵͷ
ʲôˣ
һӳģ壬ңһ鼡ѻϣһСɽһɢűԵϢʱܻᱩ˶ɡ
λֵܣţ㿴
ʮǹƲû˿ɫȡ£ݸǸӳģ塣

ӳѿڽеһ˫۾ɵԲ͸¶Ų˼ɫ
ֻһо֪ǼٵģΪڣ̲һҲΪ֮ĲҪȥ
û
Ƶ˵ͷһ΢ЦǺƣҲû¶̬벻
պã
ӳɫһ࣬»ظƣ΢
Ǻǣ
ƵһЦ±䣬ɻʵλֵܣһ£ڿǳʲô飿
⡭
ӳЩԥˣķƣ̾˿˵һ˹ˡ
һ壿
һЩףǿһԵĻƣʱеС궯˳վϣһϽڲźۼһĨ
ٺ٣
һЦǽ͵ʦϹʱڣʵһ壬壬ֻǺΪһЩԭ򣬷ֻ˳һ塭Ҳ˵ڵһ壬ʵ档
棿
Ϊ֮һ㶣һʱ䣬ԴЩԺ
ԣǾ棬ͷħͷħջ£ħѳ壡
ǸӳҲЩҧгݣҧġ֨졣
ϸĽͣƲԭ
ȷ棬ڵһˣʵ壬ֻǣĲ񣬶ͷȮ
һͷԵħȮӵħܣΪʧ٣ѹƲסʱ壬Ĳԣ׷ħܣѳ壬һ壬ͥԿ
ͷͷȮΪλˣȴû֪ʱҲ֪ԭ
ΪȥģԣһȴǼΪһǲ壬ˮϴӡ
һ㣬һˣܹƣ
ԭˡ
ƻȻĵ˵ͷȴûпվϵСɫȵĲÿرǻἰͷȮʱɫǳ鴤һ£һĨûڡ
¡¡
ʱӳڴһ㣬ľֱӱ飬ľмɢ

ţһĴЦӳڴѵû𣿾ȻַСүҶֱ֣һ
ô£
üͷ΢壬Ǹӳʵ

ӳ̾һھǲΣЩҧгݵ˵һһ̥ӵеͷȮħܣ˿ɼĴҲѹˡ⼸ҫһ


1088 ǳ
ڣſڴ㳡ϣʱΧˣһЩҧгݣɫͨ죬ܵŭһ˫˫ȭͷקĺܽǵĿ⣬һˡ
һΪ׳˶ӣڣɽѻ׶࣬ԶԶȥһһ̨֮ϣ̨֮£ѾˣԼʮңֻ˻վҲΪǱڵϵģѪһǲҲ̶ãһ⣬ȱ첲ȣʣһǵţ̨£Ѫ߰ߣѪζܣȾһսһ
Ȼղŷһҵɱ
żεˣһŮվĸ̨֮ϣɫǲôÿ
˭Ҳû뵽һ徹Ȼôһ̥ӵһ츳ȻܹӵеͷȮħܣˣһѾûĵ֣ŵҫ
ˣҵģϧȴֲܲ˼ͣȻͽɱ
к˸һս
׳˶ſڿȣףԣݣڱɷȥһͷħһ˶ɡ
һĹ̥ɰܣ
仰õжǲùǺ޲ý˺Ƭϧڳģȴûһܹõ

һһһӣҲܲסƣ̤Ŵ󲽣̨ɰȭͷŹ֮ͷ­ȥҪֱӽ֮顣
ѣ
ɰȴ˿壬ھӣȭͷٽˣվ޺СһȦȭͷӭȥ
¡
һȭ֮£ǽվ޺ȭͷֱӱѪͷӷɽȥҲڵһ˳ȥ̨ڵϿѪŲȱֱۣһѪ˹ȥ
ѡ
ɰܹͷһȭͷϽѪǻʵľ޺Цһǲм
ȷһרģΪܹõһӵȫͷȮħܵˣһѾѾ£ڶʮɹˡ
ĺᣬӵ츳ٵõͷȮħܣѾ޵У˵ʱή٣ȻѾûܹʰԣɵ˵Ű衣
ҲȷʱΪûºᣬԣʥףȻһҪһֱѹŴ
ɶ񰡣
Щ峤ڱŭһֱֱ΢΢ЩҪһɰܣϧ⣬̨֮µԱߣվһߡ
Ȼ߿ܲ峤Ķ֣Ҫһߣȴ׾ٵ飬Բõû
ʵһ壬ƽʵҪǿ壬Ϊһ˶ǵʱѱľ񣬶˵ͷȮӵħܣڸʵȷҪǿ岻٣ֻһˣĲ࣬ƾõ£ʱҲңǣȴǼΪ뺷Ҫ嶨ḶʹĴۣʱû룬彫ᱻ塣
ԣһˣ˵޿֣ÿ궼ȨôһֱʤǣһΣһɰôһ̥ȴֱһԵѹ壬н˾档
һΪжǿһͽѡ
ɰܳڳϴţһ˫˫Ѫ˿ͫףз⣬иǼ˵űĻ
ʲô񣿵Ȯ˲ǵܹϵħܣɣЩȫݵҵħ֮£
Ϸһ㵭ĺ棬ռ䶼Ǳյġ֨죬˵ջĵĻ
סڣ
վڸ̨ϵļҲܲסںǳ⣬ѹ䣬ռһıطѹ飬¶ڵռ䣬ҪɱǣǸȴǵ̨ǰסѹ

߿зЦ˵Ҫסںܼ򵥣Ҫ֤ʵȵȮǿҲԣǣǲܻܣ񲻾˵𣿡
ʶӵе츳˴ģȺĶȻȥͶͷħ˹Բǣ
׻峤Բ۾ǳϵ¶㳡৵ĹһƬûܹվֱ
ģ˭ģ
߷ţЦټһ壬Ȼһ˶ɲ
ણ
һ쳹תǼ̨ϣվһλӡ


1089 սɰ
Զ񻰴˵У޵츳ģΣȴûܹ֤ʵˣԣ֪ԼһУġ
ʱվ̨ӣڶ¶ɻΪû˼ӣİ
峤Ҳҡҡͷʾδˡ
壡
һۣǱȷףһ߽ǵģҲûվ̨Ķʲô

ΪԣɨһȦͷ˱ڷʱͫ͵һЩ촽΢΢૳ѵȻˣ
ǰãõĴţἰ£ԣȷ˷ƵݣʱЩ
峤Դȴǲ˽⣬ΪĴڣȴǿȷˣҵģæġ

ȥ
̨ɰܲ΢΢һȭͷŷ󣬴ŷֱ֮ƵĿڣҪһɱ
һˣУǻᱻࡣ
ȭؾ
һĨâ΢΢ǰбȻȭͷ˿壬ֱӾӭȥ
¡
ȭͷĿ֮ײһ𣬱ŷ㳡ΪˣǶѪɫҰףǣȫˣ֮ڶ͸¶ŵľ㵡
ŵŵš
ײһӰзֿߵ˿ȥ
ɰܣ˾Ÿ󲽲ͣƣȴֻ߸󲽣Ρ
βִٵĶײУɣǷռϷ磡
⡭
ǰһĻõ˶ЩԼ۾
ղţɰһȭ˶ܲ£һȭͱҷɳ̨ھȻ·磿
Ǵ
̨ϵļ峤һ۾ж˳ʱɵ˿
һĴȻﵽ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ֱǲܵ飬һӵ츳һ壡
áð
뵽˷Ƶ֮⣬˸Щ΢кá
ˣ˾˭
һԵ峤ЩͲסڳʵ峤ҲǽĿڼ˵ϡ

ĺ˿ѹеļĿһֱڷϣе˵Ƿơ
ƣǷƣ
峤΢΢һ˹ʱڶһĨ𾪡
ϴεֵĺܴȻȡѰǣƵ֣ȴ֪ˣʱжǷ캧ˣ޷ƽϢ
û񡭡
˿еĻ磬һƬȡ

ôܣ
ԼЩףأԻЩȭͷǼԵֱۣɰھǴ㵡
ڶײһ˲䣬ܵһǿ˼Լ츳ԽԼħܣʱֻ֣ȭͷҪᱻݻ١
ôҲ벻һСھȻܹһע⣬ʱͳ˲СĿ
ȷһȣʵ̫СˣƲһװ˼Ҳһٹ׶ȻһȣС׼ˡ
ԣ޷ףΪСӻ
壿
ɰ۾ʵЯŭ뾪ɡ
ʱôһ
û
˦˦Щľֱۣũҩҩһתͻָ˵ûʲôĲ
棬û˻кøУ
һĹ̥ȴȷС
ģ
ɰŭڣЩ
Ȼһˣ
ˡԲˡ
ͺţ˫ȼ˺ɫĻ棬ţȫ¡¡ȼƼ䣬ռĵ󣬴ʱͬһԵħħޱȵġ
ȥ
Ȼȭͷȼյĺɫ棬ŷƵͷ䡣
ۣ
һƵұ۱˲䳤һƬƬƬһĲû˿϶һԶŵıϢϯһͷԶŶ졣
ʮؾ
ϵÿһϸ۶ȫƬȭͷϣϣҲ¶һ貵Ө⣬һİȫ
飡
һŶڵ棬һͷһ˳ȥΡȻ壬ȭͷͳǸȼźɫȭͷӭȥ


1090 ֮
һˣһħμΪ׳˶ߴ׶࣬һһȼźɫĻ棬ռƺҲȼֳŤƣģη֮Կ
һˣһһֻ˳ƬֱۣɢһϢӨףԣǲս
¡¡
ȭͷڸ߿ײһ𣬴бըװϯ˷ȫÿһ䣬һɾ磬Ҳ֮ϯȥ̨һϣ㳡ڵСҪշɱˣ̨ҲΪ֮𶯣ɢ
һײɰԵһĨʹΪ֮һͣƣȴ治ɫٴ˹֮
ã
ɰܸȥ˼ΪβӰ죬Ҫ롣

ôȻ᣿˫ĿԲɣһӿɽ鿪բ϶ȭҵı˳ȥʮؾɫɰܵؿڡ
쵰
ɰܼѾһҧȭͷٴȼɫĻ棬ײȥ
¡
ȭͷٴײһڽӴһ˲䣬ɰ׳˶ֱӱ˳ȥ̨涼Ϊ֮ſڣ³һѪһƬ
飡
ƹ֮ȭͷңϢĻᣬһȭһȭ䣬ҵȭͷѪſɭɭĹͷ¶˳ʹҧгݣȴֻܱӲȻһȭϣǸӲܡ
һʱ䣬ϵͳһ浹ɰܲϵĺˣ˫ȭȾѪҪϵڻҲЩȥѪޱȡ
㳡ϣĻϵɫֱӶʯˣһĿɿڴ˵
ɰ˭
һѾǧ࣬޾Ĺ̥ҲһˣÿζҫһȥѾҲ˶ԿޱȴҲ޿κΡ
ڣ̥ȻһѹŴ򣬶ƾ贿
õ˼ֱԼ۾ǰÿһȭܼǶҪɰǲǷˮˡ
벻ǣһȭʱֲ£ǣȴƾŹķռϷ磬Բľ档
ʱƱ¶ޱȵģѾǶ츳츳֪
ã
Ҳ֪˭ȿʼģڳϴһ֮󣬶ʱͷˡ
ĺã
һ㣬ͷֱӴ򱬣
棬ħӣ
һȭͷ˻ţַ죬þòϢ
̫ˣõѾˣ޷ټȥˣʱɰܱѹŴгޱȣ峤ڽкãЦ
ôܣ˾˭Ϊλӵ
Ǹһվ̨ߣҲǲ˼ɫ˸ţԺʣһҲҲ𰸡
Ϊɰ̥һѾǧ࣬е֣ˣڣΪ޵еĹ̥ʱᱻ˻ˣûзܹ֮ܵˣ

ǹ̥
һ߻ӶȭͷȴǼΪƽ
ɰܾǷǿһˣ˳ԣǿģֹ츳ԵͷȮħܣ̺Ϊ£ǿ֮һԼӵķԲĶ֣Ҳ޷ڻȼա
£иӶû֮ģһȭһȭȥͲϢĻᣬҪһٽܡ
ɶ񰡣
ǰȭӰɰоǷŭһʧ㣬ľ棬ûڲѡ
˭֪һﾹȻܹӵ˵ķ
飡
꣡
һؿڣѵ˱Ʒ˳ȥԶѪƺһϢ
Ҳǿᵽһֲľأһȭܹݻɽȴûܽؿڴ򴩣ӵħܣѾʴʯ
ⶼû
ҲЩȻҪٴϣǣӵµɰȴͻأıһǿҵϢɵͣס˽Ųɫء
ͣ
ڵĻ棬ɰȼնתۼ䣬ͻܴ𣬳𣬱ӳֹ̨ϣȻҲյĽһƬƸղųȥԻἫΪǱ棬ղҲҪһƤ

Ļ̨ߵǸжظ˿һĨ⡣
ΪӮ𣿡
ڵĻڴǵħĵõĲ


1091 նһ
һĻ棬ͨڣĻ෴ǵħ𣬵ǣֻȴħֲһǵеͷȮľֻǿħܹһУ޶ħ޿κΣ޷ɱɼħ֮ǿ
ʱɰܵĻ棬ħһħ񣬴ӻ֮л
ڵĻƣһ˫۾͸ȼգ˿˫ħڷյĴֱӣֲޱߡ
ʱĶͷϣȴ¶һħơ
һڻ״СӨħȼյĸʢΪģΧĵ涼ӿһƬڣռ䣬Ƿһ㣬ڲѣ˵߶Ťˡ
𣡡
ɰܲûվ෴ģһֻħһȥжԷƱ˻ţģߵĻ棬Ϊģ۳һͷͷȮ״ޱȣɢϢϢ
ߣ
̨ߵǸһһĨɭȻ˵ܽƵһҲǲˣϧעǻɰܵϣǿˣһͺˡ
ɰܴʱΪ˽⣬ŷƾǿһһ
ɰܵ䣬Ҳõĳ϶ʱͰȥҲһأѾ⣬ƲͣƴҲ·ơ
УƵݣһУǱҲϧ

ǿ
һأĿɰܵϡ
ڵĻǿĳ̶ȣκȻ֪ر칬˵ؼһ޶֮˵
ǰɰӵеľǵǿһħܣǵеħ޾ͷȮħ
е˼
Ʋûη֮⣬෴ģ˷ܣսڳ壬˫Ĵֶͷϡ
ˣ
ŴĳͣһֻoһƣۣڸĹ£ֳֻ֮ɫӨӨ˸˸е绡ԶĵĴϣһ̣غƺܲס϶
𣡡
ʱɰܱһ˫͵ڵһ壬һͷħȮһЯħϻ棬ŷҪһ˺Ƭ
ӡ
ɫһһӡ󶯣ֻһͷϵֻ֣һսһշֱӾͳɰѹ䡣
𣡡
ʱɰƺѾʧȥǣ£ûжܣ෴ģſ˫֣ȻҪȥ˺ֻ֡
̣
һͨ쳹صըɰܿѪٴαҷ˳ȥѪ̨֤ܴᡣ
ʵٴӡѹǱȻԿ
𣡡
أɰܱٴαƲٴȥֻǣӭĻһֻ֡
ħⵯ
ſڣ³һڻ۶ɵټⵯֻӭȥ
¡¡
ײһ𣬳׵ıըһĢһ쭷Хžϯ˷ʢɱһС
ȥɣ
ɰıܿЩ磬һͷħȮһ㣬ڻ۶ɵ˫צŷץ
ৣ
ֱʧԭأٴγֵʱȴ󣬳Ƭϳһɫ޽ûκԥģֱӾͳɰͷ­ն䡣

ֻһɭĻ߻ѪţһĲҽ
ס֣
һҵ쳹˱һӰ̨ڣһӰ
̨ߵǸߣˣɰܣ
Ȼɰܶ㿪һǣۣȴǱն̨ϡ
Я췣ɱûʲôǲɱģ
ৡ
ž޽ֱӽֱֻۻϸ飬ϡ
Ѿȷǵ˵ˣûбҪֻ֣ûܹɱ̥Щź

űնصĶϱۣɰܿĽкţһ˫ھѪ˿Ǹ߽ȥƴ
һֱֻۣûпǶϱǻһЩܡ
Ǻúݣ
ǸĿһ۷ƣϵļ˵ͺһƿռ䣬ɰǱȥ
ݣ
ƲмƲƲǣ΢΢˿ɢȥеľ޽ҲָϿȥ΢ЦĿԼ
ֻǣȴһĨ磿
㶣΢΢ҡҡͷûж룬̨


1092 Ϥ
̨ϵ̬תļ죬㳡ϴ󲿷ûзӦͿɰܱնһֱֻۣǸ߾ߡ
⡭
ռ£֮ЩӦڶԷڣǶǿ˾벻˼顣
ɰһĹ̥Ȼˣһնһֱֻۣ
ˣ
һǧ࣬Ѿ޾Ĺ̥һϣһҪѪˡ
һֱֻۣɰܾ㲻ǷϣʵҲѾΪˡ

ʱϾֿ˻嶼ǳ۾˻ţ޴Լţһ˷ܲѣ໵Ĵţйţһʱ׹ͣ
Դɰֺܳ󣬾һɽһѹͷϣϢ죬ɽڱ߻ˡ
ʣܹأ
֮嶼Χһмĺźģû˿
ǿᣬЩȭͷģҲҳɸˡ
Ǻǣ
ҲǺǴкûʲôǿ̬ҲûԳݡ

΢˿ߵ峤һۣǿ˶Էڵϲ⡣
ζһĴˣ
ྲ
˺һӣ˲ǿںһڳϻİ֮ԣ
ԼУƲûв룬վһԵȴš
λˣ
ڼһԸ£һߣ
ǿΪ𣬷Ƹղű¶ʵѾõء
£
ƴ΢Ц
ȥ
˵ţڴһĨȡ
ǰ䲢󣬵ǣȴӵһֲʵ޷ڣֻˡ
Ҫ֪ǰ꣬ǿľӢǣɰҲ˴նɰһۣȴûһģһΪһ
ã
̧ͷȥ¶Цݣ΢΢һǴӦ뻤һͬȥ
˵⣬ΪղԼɰܵһս
ȷԼǰһæȥĸ󻼣ԼӵѣҲûʲôǣҲû롣
ʦȵҡ
ƿкţƨƨߵĸҲȥ
һ͵ĸƨ棬Ҳֲܷ⣬ǽţ䵱Ÿ뱣ڵĽɫ
濴ȥҲһΪ׾ͱ˺ˣԣÿһεĳ֣ܹһľϲ
ˣλ峤ˡ
֮ϣƿǴк
峤ȻǲͬѰϣƸܵһɲ칬հȾǿߵϢ
ȻѾѹסˣǣżһСƣȴϢ
ף⼸ҪɱԼĻһ㹻ˣǰԼһС

˿ڴЦΪŷƵ˫֣˵ζСֵæȻͷҶ챻Щˡ
Ǿ֮Ͷѡ
ôһ䣬Щ˼ĻӦţĵĻȴõ峤һ顣
֮ͣ
ðɣԸղŵȷǾ֮Ͷѣûйʲôս
뵽֮峤ȻˣҲ¶ɵЦ⡣
СֵȽȥˣͽˡ
˽һŷƣлƣһ߽ͬڡ
Ϊ˷ƣŰȶ˲ˡ
ɼеĵλΣԴϴ½ļ߸Źһֱһ죬ڵȵˣ
ݼ񡣡
߽ڣĳϣȥܹߵִд
ƣǿ˫¶˫񡭡
˫ʧϣѰû˸˫ֱӣǣȴη壬෴ģһֱã˫ӣƺԼֻȴһֱ벻
أ
ֱ˫ϵӣƵüͷļһѣһ֡
翣ģû˼ס״ûУ˻ǷʵĴڹ
ԼȴĶ˫ϤУеĪ
Լôܻǲס
ҲֻЩưɣ
ƺ˿ûȥ˼롣
ⶫҲûãţ϶һġ


1093 һ
ǻһˣֱܣͷˣ峤ҲһٲŻݡ
ǣǷƣȴû¶˿õɫ෴ģĿһֱڷλɨţ¶ȵɫ
ƣһһֱƤЦһһڰɭɭݣںڸǵ¶Ϸʵɫ
õļЩջǷƴˣһˡ
o
Сֵܣ
˳˳еŭǿĶԷ˵ţƫȥһڡ
飬ѾҽˣΪСֵܵȷܹΪĺѡ
֮󣬼˺ƵĶŷ˵š
лˣΪѣҺҡ
ϲԣæлΰæˣĳΪѣǾ͸лļ֮ˡ
ȡɢڿռе޵ľ
ʱ򣬾㻹ûƿ֮ƾҲһܹվ۷λá
ǿӹɣ˵ģǴ츳˵ӵеľ
żڶص񣬼ص̫ˣȼ仰ѣ޷ȥ֤ʲô

ôһ˵˿ڴЦҲϲ˼䣬ʵСֵǰʲô飿
뽻ĲǺֻܶ࣬˽⵽ƵĲ֮ͬ飬ģҲô
ԣΪʲôҪæء
һЩ顣
Ц΢΢οȴֲ
ļ֮أ֮أԼȥ
ңǱΪȣǻᱻϳ壿ʱǰˣ
Сֵܵ˵޷
ģһ㶣Цº͵˵š
ƵЩ⣬ʲôҪᾡ㡣
Ҿֱ˵ˡ
ԥãҧҧί˵һЩ⣬ӵ츳츳ռ츳ţѾˡ
û
˵˵ͷһĨѹֵ𺳡
ڸղţƵȷ¶ּ츳ŻһĹ̥ɰܡ
㣬һʱЩ
ûܹͬʱӵּ츳ǣȴӵˣʲô
ԡ룬ܷҽ֮һʱ䣿
ƺСĵʵͬʱһֱڿ˵ɫûжŭһ˵꣬Щ̵̻Ŀ
֮ء
һüͷ΢΢
ǰĹӵˣҲǲԽ֮أĺģȵ֮أ˽룿
𣿡
ûлӦЩʧһĨȻ
ѽ
ڼԥ֮ʣڷƻеС궯˳΢΢һ͵̧ͷǿ˫ʱһҪȥȴ˫вζӣǿе𺳣Ŭ̧ͷ΢ŵ۾ڣһƬȵ硣
ֻǣһУЩʧķȴûз֣СЩûһѽ˽ȥ
ٺ٣
һվŵĻȴǽһ۵ףзëȻĺЦȴƵһǰۡ
һﶼĲϰߣƶɣԼǲǻᱻ˸ϳȥ
ȻԣҾ͸ˡ
һֱͷӦ̾һվ
û취˼ҲӦѵҪ岻ɣԼĿǰʵȫѣԣֻİ취ˡ
СֵԵȣ
Ҫߣ͵վסع΢΢˿ƽһеļ˵Сֵ֪Ҫ֮أ峤ͬɽ롭
Ŷ
ӦһЩ̫˼
СֵڴԵƬ̣ȥȥ
÷֮󣬼˲żҴҵ˳ȥ
֮ڣ峤˽˽
ˣ˵Ŀģ
峤ЩǵҲѹֵסе
Ȼ
һƬȣܹţм߶һЩûö־ģãվʵҪ֮أȽǾȥ
˵⻰ȫûǲ÷
ף
峤һۣһڴӦ


1094 
֮أʥ޵֮أӹеʥ֮ʱⷽСڣ޾µУ֮ڣѾ֪жٵʥڣ޷ˣÿʮ궼ῪһΣĺľӢӵܶܽǵʣȴǳܲ˶ٵľܹӣѾǷǳˡ
ʱ̣ǣܱʮʱ䣡
Ϊ˹Ч֮Ǹ߹һУ޾û
ΣȴǼȴǺԥľʹӦ˷Ƶ
峤Ĺ£һ󻺻˳ױȵ貹â
СֵܣͿֱӽ֮ˣֲסˣǧǿţڼ֮صм䣬һ͹ֻҪһöԴʯ
˲䷳ΪƽŽ֮ڵעһֱһأƺ·ڳʲô״
лˣлλ峤СģӲŵġ
һмĶǹֵлɫֿ
Ϊλı⣬ӦԼҪ󣬵ǣĿĴﵽˣֻҪܹ֮أܴģҪ
͹󱬷һ貵Ĺâ˷ƣ˲䣬ʧȥټ
߰ɣٹ
ŹâȥĹ󣬼һĨĹ峤һͬ˳ȥŹرգһƬڣûа
ٺ٣
ͻأģһëȻЦںڰ𣬽ţǸһĨͳȥ

ӹ˳ɨܣۿȥΧһƬдеĴ֣࣬գкٲ滨ݣޱߣһԴ
ֻǣ⴦԰֮ڣȴûκλڣû޺ҲûУ֮ڣûϺ峺ףһ澵ӡ
ڣһɹգۿɼƮţżƻԴķΧ
ļ֮أ
ףԪĲһ
ڵĲͬ΢΢һûȥעΧĻӦЩڵ
һֽȻͬĸоңںЩѰԪһԪУǣ뵽ÿһϸ֮ڡ
һȫµܹоĵΪ룬ÿһϸƺԾģƺŵ޵ĺ֮ʣ£ƺڻţ
Ȼ󣬶ޣǣȴǸܵЩϸ΢ı仯
ѵǣʥ޵ľ
۾ھϲá
ʸѾ޷ˣԴ˻뾫ǿʼûжʵԽԽľ֮󣬵Ǹоĵû˿ռ䣬ǣ֮ȻܵĵԼڵõ
ȻƵĽ֮󣬷ƾⷽڣǣٵʱ޷Լ
ҸŨĵطͱչأ
ɨܣʱͷһŨĵطûԥǳжȥ
ʦʦȵң
뿪̣һǺʹ˹תͿĸʱһĨɻ
ôˣ
ٺ٣ǲʦ㣬ԾͽҸˡ
ƤЦĽš
ô
Ƶһۣ΢΢һ䡣
֪϶һԼԼ͵͵ܽˣȴôһýڡ
ҲǣԴӽⷽռ֮ΧľһֱȻԼڣȽǿһˣ޷ܲ˶ãԣĺľӢӵܽڴ͹ԱһܲסʹԴʯ뿪ȥѰҾŨĵطǲ
һ
һҲǣתǴŨ֮ȥ
һٲϷ峺ĺˮǧȥ¡¡ը˻ˮ
棬Ӧʥź
Ʋǿһ·ٲ̶ﾫŨԭ
ɣ
Ҳ˷ʱ䣬ٲϷϾȥ˫ܾٵΧռľ
ৣ
붨֮һӰվڲԶ
ֻҪͿԳƿ֮ˡ
վȫûǰƤЦһأ૳


1095 
ѽ
ƺͬƵĻСԻĵ˵ͷӨ͸һĨ貵Ĺ󣬾һԱʯһϸ˫ʯڣӳأƺܹһʵ͸¶һĵĴϣϢĴֱӡ
Сڲƿһּ֮ƿ䣬ܹӳܣһɶѡ
ԣһ˫ͫâ˸˸ɫȼգܹһС
ʱͫڷǰ¶Ǻܲһɫڣûһ˿覴ãˮһ
ǷƿĻԻ𾪵˵ΪʱѾ켶۷ĵزҲһ˵ƵͫȼѾԼ
ѽ
ᵽСھ貣ƺΪ˷ܡ
һܹƿڵ֮ˣȻûںϾŴֻܹ֮ӳһҵܣѾһˣֻҪ׵ں˾żܹ֮ȫƿּϵ֮ʱ򡭡
뵽ȥеԾԾԣȲ
ЩһҪʥЩѰǵȡʱСӿ϶Ҫ׷ɱ
ƸԼ°ͣ૳Ҳ˷ܵɫƺķƱ˴󳬷׷ɱһ
ʥǰ˴ҵӣ˭Ҳʥ⣬κˣκγ棬Ƕᷭ㣬ƼΪȻϴξͻԴóʥˣ֪𵽷Ч˴һŭɳܲ𣬵ʱҿܶᱻɱԸģԣѹû¡
ƣҪ볹׵ƿ֮ȴֱںϾż֮Сż֮ɲǺҵģҪȫռҪܶʱС
ǣûг׵ƿ֮ȴǵǷܲܶɹ췣رǾϣᷢʲô飬û֪ԣһֱЩġ
Ʋͬˣ췣ԻἫΪֲΪƿض̵ѭ֮
ѭ֮ʣ˼µĵزƱҪƿأʣܹ˴
Խǿˣܵ췣ͻԽֲǶɣΪԽǿ󣬾Խܹвأܹأ췣ŻӵĿֲܹɹ췣ļʽ͡
ԣؼ䣬ܹվ۷ˣһ츳ˣΪ޷ɹ췣
ƾ͸Ӳ˵ˣƿ֮Ѿˣֻƿѭ֮˵ʵڵģƶЩһˡ
ڸǵǡ
ڷƸûжٵȥ췣ܹܲɹʥףⶼ˵
ˣϴ֮Сӣƿּ֮ɣ
ͻأģһüͷչ˿ٴοƣ૵˵ҲСӽʶʶˡ

һȥܾӿΧٶȣʱΧۿɼһľǳ£˹ڡ
һĻҺûǿȻֻмˡ
ΪĺľӢӵܽɾڣӶﵽЧ˭վͱˡ
Ϊ־֮ڣ̺Ŀɲһּ츳ּ̣츳ļ壬ˣܹȡΪá
ǣȴǲһ
ʱѾӵּ֮˳ںϵľˮͬûԷ˼һһ޲ȫŰݡ
䣬ƱͱˣҲˣΧľһĻ˹ٲڸˡ
໣𣡡
Ũİڣ޵ĺޱȵģΪֹĴΧľǼӿٶȵĻ˹Ϊա
ʱһĶǷڣܵÿһ鼡⣬࣬ÿһϸָоղܣҲܲסģֹ֪ȡž塣
ڣһƬӨ貣ǽɣÿһϸڶǴһ𽥵Ļ۳һ춯صĺγһɣǧ֮⡣
𣡡໣
ʱΪֺдɣָĺ֮Ĵ쳹𣬾أһͷͷӨӨ˸˸䲻ޣڿնÿһͷǾֲһɻصĴϣǵĿⶼǿͬһеķƣ


1096 ʥ޾
һͷͷӨ͸ޣ绢ÿһͷǾͣʵһѹƴΧĿռ䶼һıȥϯܣһƬһƬ֮䱻ݻ٣ľмһĺۼһ
ԣ֮ڵʥ޾ǣڷڴУƺٻ˳
ңƵʱǵĿУûа˿壬ǳȣڿԼĿеһ
һеԵɣƺΪӷڴĺ
ֺ죬ƺں壬ҪĻֺеر̣̣õЩ޾ˡ
𣡡໣
䣬ΧһͷͷӨ͸޾ǣͳŷ˹ңֱûڡ
ƸûзӦЩǱʹڣңȻı뵽ϵÿһϸ֮ڣϵǿţţš
Ȼ֮ʹȴõķʹʹڱһһиϵļ⣬Ҳڻ濾ţǣȴûлԣҺѵĸһһĹ̡

ҲܲסˣſڿҪֹЩ޾ǽԼڣȴҲΪֵĺûֹͣ
ʱķƣɫΪɲ˾˵Ϻӣͨ죬ÿһѪӳ˳ÿһ鼡ⶼ͵˼޵ĵزҲͬһһıʱܻᱬѣΣҪЩ޾Ǹűˣ
ˣڻܲˡ
Ļüͷ΢΢һԵС˵һ䡣
໺𣡡
СǲԸƺҪƳȥǴʱȷǲֹۣû취ſڣͺһ֮ڣƺ̺һĪϣЩŷ˹޾˲ʱͣ˶ҹȥӨ˸˸ڣǳľη
ǣⲢѾˣ෴ģŸոտʼѡ
ʥޣɶǲղŴڵģҲмʮͷҪ׵Щǣ׵飿
ԣƵʹ࣬ʵŸոտʼʱʹڵһ͹䵽̶֮ڣˮţţĺˮܽϵʹ࣬Ҳû𵽶ã෴ģΪڴȶȣˮΧһŨˮ
һʱ겻ˡ
ǲڵķƣĵȥ˯ĲݵϣĿȴɲʱˮķƣһǳǳĻȣƺǡֻ
Ҫõ٣ȸ٣
Ѿˣֻǣû뵽ᷢ¹ʣЩʥ޵ľǾȻԼԼڡ
һͷʱϲãڶͷʱǾϲͷʱǸˣͷʱЩǸĻڴڴǷиྫǴԼ
Ҳ֪ǲʥ޵ľǣһͷһͷĴڣа׻ȸ䣬롭
ʮͷʱо̫ˣʮͷʱҪֹˣǣȴǷ֣ͲԼܹƵ˵ģΪһֱڴʣÿһϸڷԼĹֹЩʥ޾ǾͻһֱڣԶΪ
ԭǺ£Ƿ֮õ飬ǴʱǳĴоȥѾ߱ҲһѲ˱űΣգѾܵܵļˡ
ѵҪű
żܲ˵壬вɿЦֻǶȴûн٣ǣȴҲ˴˶ʮͷʥ޵ľǡ
ţʹϮҲ޷ȥ˼ʲôҲ޷ȥʲôΪЩԼȻҲȥܣȻʹһֱûͣ¡
ٲ´ĹǺСȴеٲ֮ϵĲݵϣ۾յҫ
СĶȴûͣ£Ө͸ʯһӲʱɨŷƵĶ̬ÿһʱͻᳯԶڵصʥ޾Ͷһ񣬸ͷǾͻԼ뵽ȥ
һУûпһеһŲ֪СݣеļŶǺĴ˯
ǣƾһֱַ˵ĥһһĹţѾʹȥΪսһмᶨƵǣֻͷˣ


1097 תһ
ȻЩ޷͵ʹ࣬ƵõĺôҲǼģԭֻܳܶʮͷʥ޾ǣڲŹ˰£Ѿܹʮͷˣ
ɼҲһǰ㣬ǳɱıˡ
ԭ޷飬ʾҲû˿ڣȴŴ󻡶ȵ֪ᾪϲֻǣȫûⷽܣΪһֱڼȵʹУ꣬޷˼ˡ
һУȻСΪ֮ģȻʱڣǶʮͷʥ޾ӵٶȣӦöѾĲˡ
ȻҲ˵֮˷ٵȫΪʮͷʥ޾ǵԵʡ
ִ󻡶ȵûʲô֢ȻҲԲӶΪʵѾһõĥˡ
һĥһ˵־
ʹһܹһʱѾǳˣǣȴƾԼᶨƵ־˰ˣʹĥ£־Ҳǵõ˺ܴ
ǳҲĲġ
ڶһ˵ʡ
ʾ͸Ӳ˵ˣЩУ𡭡ǿÿһϸ
ˣǳȥҲǴ־𣿶ңЧһãΪһֱʹֱǱҪܣѰܹģ
棬Ϊư»ûҲЩסˡ
°£Ϊʲˣܹܸ߰ĴѾǳˣĹżϣʮģҲʮ˶ѣǣûһܹǿʮ죡
õļЩ·ʲô¡
Уұȥȷһ£
վһԵ峤˵
ˡ
峤˵ΪڻǲȥΪá
ΪΣ
һĨɻ
˿ˣλСֵкˣ
峤һƬȣѵ
⡭
˲ϵ͵һ˵ͷҲԣȥڴء
˵գǿ첽ȥǰĹţš
ʮȥˣûг
һ¹ȥˣûκѶ
ʱǼ˻峤ǵȲȥˣҪʱ򡭡

һƶϵֱڼ˵Ժ쳹һģ͹ȥ
ˣû°ɣ
䣬õ峤һ㶣žģŴԲûȥ
ȴ
֮һмĶ峤˵һһţ۾һһ߶žġ

תۼ䣬һʱ͹ȥˡ
һڣɽ緢˺ܶ飬бڶ˽ֵ顣
һ½ķң
ңȻںɽϲӰǣѰͨˣȴǴδŹһʱ䣬СȥƣǷǳĿ£ǼСԵ޹ʵģʧˣ˶ô¡
ܿģǾ֪ԵɣΪ˿еİңңЦӭ
һȥ֮󣬶ʱȻ󲨣ԾҲҪȥֺãӽҵʱȴǷ֣ԼΪÿҵǰģʱǶɵˡ
ҪԤԼܽң
ֱӾͽ֪˸ɵˣǲףҾʲôͷΪЩҪ˵ȥֺأ
˰˼⣬ң̽飬ҲҲκε˿ҲֻܰˣȻĿУΪǵĶڶУžǿĺ̨пǳ
ҲΪұΪںɽҲӵ˲СУɲġ
ڶҩʦᡣ
ҩʦںɽڵλǼĳߵģǣʮ۹ȴͻأðҩʦǼ⣬ҪҩʦԼУһģܵʮ۹ľ档
ԣҩʦᣬںɽڲŵõѸٵķչһ굱УѾʮ۹ǣǣСнչٶȣզ࣬һ浹ѹ˹ʥ
ΪҩʦһֵĹ涨βȡ˲Ƹİٷ֮ʮ
˵һĸǱûʲôƸٷ֮ʮżβֱǰ޷顣
˵ʵˡ


1098 ʵ
ַʽѰڶԣһĺ£ͨУҩʦĵλֱӾͳ˹ʥ
ǣڸ˵ȴجΣԽģǾ͸ĸ࣬ٷ֮ʮһʲСĿˡ
Ҫֹ
Բܣû˭ĲƸùʮ۹ߵģҪΨйԹԵͳԼĲƸ
ֹ涨֮£ҩʦᲢ෴ģ׬ȡĲƸ޷㣬ԣҩʦᷢչԽԽ죬̶һʱ䣬ʮ۹ڣйʥĳУҩʦᣬĿУҩʦ˲ѹ˹ʥʥɽڣҲ𽥵Ŀʼתˡ
һʱ䣬ʥˣΪʥʧˣһֱûй
ԭһʱ䣬Ⲣûʲôʥʱչһζʮ꣬ǣؿϣʥܹңʮ۹ǿƵв£ҲʲôֻĿҩʦġ
ʥѾǧ࣬ۻģһŵƣ׵ʧЧˡ
ţȵƹֻҪϿڣʮ۹ǺԸģΪĿУʥһ˺̣ͺ޲ðεˣ˵ȫ飬ܹжܹƵľ룬ֶΪأ
ҲΪҩʦ᳹ɽ磬һ˿ԺԵ
һУƲ֪ɻڼ֮ء
Ѿһˣ֮ǰһȣöˡ
ʱķƣٲ·ʯϣȻżЩ鴤ЩȴûһǰҪҪźˡ
־Ѿĥܹ־Ǵʹˣȷе˵Ѿϰʹ
Ҫ˵ȥûţǣһʱ֮ڣ꣬޷ܵʹƵȷϰӦˣ
ңһʱ֮ڣѾǵԼ˶ʥ޵ľˣʣͲ֮ǰܹˡ
ȻԽ۷壬Խǣַ˵ĥ£ȴǵõ˴󻡶ȵʱܹʮͷʥ޾ǾѾ˳ǿһ޷ĵز˵ˡ
СĶȴûֹֻͣҪһͷʥ޾ǣ϶ͻһͷײڣڵһֱű״̬һҲ÷ɡ
ͿҪˣΪϣžŰʮһֻҪܹذʮһͷʥ޵ľǣ
Ƴٲµķһۣ˵һЩĻ
ѽ
һԵСʯڣҲ˸Ī˷ܣһʱֿ죬ͷʥ޾ײ˷ڡ
ţ
ʱƾͿˣѸٵɫǵͨ죬һǿɲƺҪըһ
ʱܹʮͷʥ޾ǵڣʵҲǸصգټһݾѹο⻹Ǽһͷʥ޵ľǣʱ˼ΪΣյľء
ϣѪûãǼӲ𾫵ļϣѿһɲĿӣѪ˿ڲ
쵰뺦𣿣
һֱߵĻƶʱһСƿڴ
һȻֻҪһͻΣôûиĹⲻִˡ
СҲЩɵˣ֪ҲûһӰ˷ߣ˸Өצץŵʱͻأģ϶һӨӨ֮⣬͵壬Ȼڻĸԭˣ˿ҲۿɼٶţٲͷϵѪϴɾɢһ㵭Ө⣬ףʲôҲûзһ
ǼΪΣյʱ̣Ƶʣٴͻһμޣܹذʮͷʥ޾ˡ
С㶣ջצӣٴӻٲ֮ϵĲݵϣҵĳŻצӣƺ˵Լȼ֮
ǣ
˿ǹһĨǳǳĻȣ΢΢𣬿е˵ŲţҸղ飿ţֻҪ֪˲ıɱĻһģ𣿡ʱĳ˻᲻ǹطأ̫ˡ
ĻʱõСһֱһĨ̻̲
ٺ٣
˷ӦƿзëȻЦƺǳĵ⣬ϷʵĿõСǲ
ղŵȷǵ˰
Σצӣĳ˴Э飬ʱһƨйڲݵϣЩ޾ɡ
ȴõͻƣֻҪͻһΣܹӵӶƿ֮ˣ


1099 
Խ۷壬Խӷܹذʮͷʥ޾ǵڣѾһˣʣȴһֱûҪĺۼ
СȴҼˣÿζǵȵһͷһͷǳʲô
Ҳһʱһ඼ȹȥˣҲںһʱ䡣
¡¡
ٲӾ£װǧҵ̶ˮһӰֳ
׳֣ÿһ鼡ⶼǼΪɣޱȵĸ㣬ٲ䣬˿Ӱ첻һ۶ûУÿһϸԼɶ΢΢䣬Ǳһĵըһ¡¡졣
໺𣡡
һĺӿϯ˷һỊ̄Զʱڵź㤣Ҫ
ʱڣŸʥ޵ľǣÿһͷѸٵţ뵽ÿһϸڣϵϴţš
ˣˣ
ͻأģƵҵһܿƣΪļ٣ѪҺתٶҲˣӶȫڴڵЩʥ޵ľǣҲڼٵڱţٶʮֹ
Ҫˣ
һ˫ϾڷɨţеĻ΢Ĳ
һ˲
ѽ
СӲ˵ˣ͸˵ŵˣһ˫ʯһֱŷƣʱľٻһͷʥ޾ǹʹ÷һֱֱ״̬˿ɡ
ⷽ磬֪Ѿ˶õ£޾У棬ʥڴˣ˿̣Щʥ޾ǣóˣ
ɲôôģһΣҲǧͷʥ޵ľǡ
ɼ֮£
⴦ļ֮أһӣƶҪˡ
ǧͷʥ޾ǣȥң
ɼҪƿ䣬ɲô׵ģѾˣңҪż֮Ҳȥ顣
ˣ
һ쳹ϱһ貵Ĺâһɹɺƴ˳ٲΧʯ飬һĪţڰ֮ϡ
໣𣡡
ܣһͷͷӨ͸貵ʥ޾ǣϵĳ˹뵽ڣһ׳ۡ
һoһҫۣ˲ֱӣڣ쳹һĪɣ϶ֲɣ嫶ǿޱȵģԶЩڵصʥ޾ǶǳţڰݼԼĿеһǳϣȡ
ʱٴη˷츲صĸı䣡
ΪɣȻѪҺ֮ڣѪҺ
ѪҺʲô
ʵģѪҺһڵ֮ȪҲһ˵ĸڣΪһľ磬һ˵ѪҺͻı䣬ĵͻ뵽ѪҺ֮УӶΪԼĺ޾ĺô
ʼǳۣ
ǳ֮ɵ֮ļ֮뵽ѪҺУӶ˷ҵĵ
ֻǣΪ޾£ѪѾǰǣɴš
ʱЩʥ޾ں϶ɵ̣뵽ƵѪҺ֮ڣ
ЩǱģ޶ּ츳Ҳ˵ƴʱĻ޵ĴУֻǵļ츳ѣ
ǻƿ˵ģ
Ҳ˵Ժĵ·ޱȵֻͨҪ̲Ѫ֮еģ֡͸ܽߵľ磡
ʱڵѪҺȻǵʺ죬ǽɫ
ԣ̲ĴϣƺֻҪضᱻһ
ͬʱһɺƥϣϴΧѣռ󣬴ݣľ٣𽥵ӡ
ԶԶĿȥһԶʱڵoΪ磬ƺѾزĴˡ
ʱΧʥ޾ǣСٻǳŷ˹ȫײڣ˽ȥ
£Щʥ޵ľ۳һص˳űϵҡϣ֮ڣҵײšˡĵ߸Ͽס
¡¡
һǿ󵽼µ̺츳ں϶ɣ֪ͨٱĳ£ÿһεײϿϵ϶ۿɼٶϡȥ
ۿ߸Ͽ׾Ҫ忪ˣ


1100 
һû̬ȴƻ嫣ǿϢĵزһγڻһϿϵϣҲܲסֳȣѸٵϡš
Դӳ忪֮󣬷ƾֹͣ˳ϣΪûоԵİȥԵڰϿʱ췣
ǣȴǲĿƣȻγɣȻϡ
ҪǣһУڷƲ֪½ţȫǳŵһĪĴȥ
ִ֮ڣӿƥơӵ츳ľ裬ʱȪ֮һÿһë׶ںţǿţޱȵ泩÷ƲһֱҪֳС
ʱʱһƬ貣ɫѪڣư磬ĿׯϣޱϲΧ޳һ
ˣ
ڴЯɶ˻Ҳo󣬻һĵĽء
꣡
Ժͻأõķ˹ʱǿѾѿ˵ĵ߸ϡ
̣
ûзӦʱһɾ޴ӿֱӾͽ߸Ͽȫ忪Ҳûа谭
ӳϿʼֻζѣͽ߸Ͽ׳忪
ɼ֮ǿ
ˣ
ϿײǴ򿪣һɶʹ˳ͬʱѾ忪ϿףҲɶĹһΰϢȻǺŨ񣬵ǣȴѹڵϵģΧضӵһ𣬶ʱؼoһ¶ΰϣշѹһС
һ̣ƺˣһ̣Ѿںϵһ죬ǵأصףص־
ֻǣҪصʱȴģһĤ޷Խ޷뵽ؼȥ
ڣԪڵ췣ȴΪɶһεĽ
ӵ췣ʼÿһˡϵϿף췣ͻһΣܸ󣬳ɱ
һУԴˡɶҲΪɶƲܹƿ췣
Ͼˣ
ƻһЩӦ
¡
ǣǹ츳ں϶ɵȴûͣԼĽŲֻǣԼĿ꣬תˡˡϵĵڰ˸Ͽףҵײŷ춯صķͷЩΡ
ֻǣЧȴûгϵʱôԣγڰ˸ϿϵϸΪ
ô
һһεĳŵڰ˸ϿףЩˣҪֹͣĶȴǷԼ
ΪΪڽ쳹ɶ۶ɵģǣֹʼȻͲֹͣԼĶ
鿴һ֮󣬷ƱɣֻǣѪڵת䣬õһ
ʺѪҺڳŽɫת䣡
һɫɫ̺Ķйϵķ쳹
ѵʥ޵ļ츳У
ȻȫĸӦѪڵĶǣȴԼҵĹʱпϲô˵Ѿˣ
ȫһѾɹĻ޵츳Уң츳ѾںΪһ壬뵽ѪҺ֮УֻҪʥףٶȽһǧ
뵽һ㣬ƲǷ
ȻѾɹһ죬ܵǿԿڰϳģȥԿ췣ͷſأңڵ췣һͬš
ڳڰϣ
һ˫۾Ͼɣֱŷƣһ˫üͷ΢΢£૳أû֮ǰǷд⡣
ȻԿڰϣĪĿ־塣
Υ־һϣܹӦϸӦĶԣزŻή췣֮˵Ĵڡ
ˡӵаϵˣÿһ츳ǣΪ췣ǧһһǧ֮棬һ˴ûУǵõĻȻܶɹ췣
㣬ԼˣԼãѾ췣֮¡
ƴʱҪʵȥԿ췣
ѽ
СҲһɫʯڳ˵ǵɫ
Ȼǿᣬܹ֮ǣҪԿԽһȼ췣㣬˭ܱ֤
ǣıڷѭ֮ʱ򣬾ѾˣʱҲֻƾԼȥԿ췣ˡ


1101 ƿ
췣ضлһֶΣСû취ȥȻ
ɲǿЦģ췣УƳؿ϶ή¸Ϊֲ췣ͷϡǲˡ
οƿɲֹаϣġˡϾȻʷǰоϣ
õĻСĶһˣ޷󣬷ƾҪβȥԾϵ췣
ڰϵ췣ܣѾԽʣʥ׵ĵزôھأ
ֻһһˡ
̾һһĨ
ʱСϣǷ֮ӵе췣ˣҲΪ췣ԵʣܹɹҲ˵أңϵ֮
ֻϧڲں׼ѣƿֻܹ֮ӳһҵܡ
밤Ļǻ˿ɣ
˵䣬СǺûĽƶԭأԼȴܵԶԶģȷ˳췣ΧͣۿŷƵĶ̬

໺𣡡
ɶ쵴ţĺУѪĽһֱûͣƵѪҺ𽥵ȫת˴ɫһɫĳڲϵתţһһ飬ɫԽԽ
ˣ
ͻأģһڹأ춯ҡɫĹâҫأռ䱻ȥһƬǽ塣
ô£
һǿڵʥ޾֮ѾÿһϸڣǷҡϣֱӳˡϵİϣߣѪҺѾ˴ɫҪǣ궯ˣ
һ̶ˮУһ̣ͻأ궯캧ƺʼįҪѹˣ
ƴʧɫæתܾҪ֮ѹȥϧһжȻң鷢ˣתܾиޱȵ궯޼ʵ֮Ȼ֮ȫ
ˣ
ңɫҰףֽһûκףΪλ˵䣬Ϊʧأ
˵ƻʲôǵģǾУȻĵǣͬʱҲһʱըһСͽ̤Ԩʬ޴档
ʱ򣬷Ͼķǳˡ
Ǵ˿̣ԭѹеܾ˿ȴǳ˰ףЩ벻ס
֮䣬һɹ֮룬һƾشǧתһӴĺʻţǳأҪƻһУֻǣȴһƬ貣һ㱡ĽĤڵƻ޷óѣֻܾ·ߣתš
ţ
þûдʹУõķһ㶣ǸӦˣתѿڽг֮
û֮
ԭʣζлʧأֻǺ棬쾧ӣܾ𲽵Ľбѹģ
ʱʵʱȴתţǿĸоľѡ
ѵǡ
ܿģƱͷڵǲĤĴڣԣϣּ츳ںϣԣ֮޷ʴ
ҾȻѾƿˣ
޴ϲóԺһ̣ƼҸʹȥˡ
ȻѾƿ֮
飬ֻǣȴû뵽ȻͻȻݵ޾ϲõУ޷԰Σ
Ƕ֮룬ÿһ֮Ǿǿߣ۷壬ǣȴһԼϣһǵʸ޷أա
Щǿ߶ûа취飬ȻԼ쵽ˣ
ʦƿˣģΪλ
һ̣뵽ĻǷϣıԼ˵ˣҪĸˣԼѾԸɹƿˣ
ֻϧȴһȥǳʲô顭
ƿˡ
ԶĻСڶһĨֻǣܿͱѹȥϵǵǡ
ɣƿǱȻģԲûж⣬ʱֻģȥԼٵ췣
̣
Ժľʹóϲõеķƾ˹һɨۼ䣬ǿڰ˸ϿףѾϡȥۿɼһ㡣
һУΪʥ޾ں϶ɵЩΪѾﵽ˱ԣʱȫ˳ڰ˸Ͽ棬Ȼ°빦ˡ


1102 췣
ǰĻûԥ˲ƿص֮ƺƵĳšˡϵڰ˸Ͽײȥ
̣
޼ʵ֮ҵײǲ棬ʱѣ޴ǲ϶ĵһɼ֮ǿΡ
֮ƸӦֿµԣһɣµģΪĸ磬Ȼܹؼһڶ̫룬ÿһƶشһɽͿѹء
ںһ𣬶ǿµ˼£ɼӴѹ˭ܳܵס
Ҳѹֵ֮ƾһ֮ɾϵĵλ֮ˡ
ǴʱЩ֮ϵʱȴЩ⣬ȻϾȻʥ޾ں϶ɵǹ࣬õķЩȻ
ΪܹӰΪ֮ϵԣȻϺں϶ɵˡ
õķЩȻʱȴҲûж룬һķ˳ڰ档
ʱĵֶһţ췣ټ֮ڼҪԵ췣Ǹˡ
Ѿ̶ֳȣû취췣ĻôϾûܹĹ췣
ʱƾôġ
ϧȴˣʱٹǿᣬҲ޷ռ䣬ǣʥȴԣ˵һ㣬ʥף
ǣڼ֮ڣôһĻһ貵ӣڸ߿ϣ󣬴ΧһͷͷӨ͸ʥ޾ǲϵĴڣάųϿ׵ġ
ȻЩʥ޾Сйġ
ʱţתһ켴ڰ˸ϿѾϡȥ˺һ㣬ԽϡȴԽǼˣٴεĳа㶯
ɼڰ˸ϿףȷԳ忪ȴûа٣ңץסʱһһĳš
ȥˡ
糣
ȥˡ
ʱϾʣ󱡱һ㣬ȴΪˡ
ȥˡ
꣡
ֲͬϳ£ɾ죬ڣڰ˸Ͽ׵ϣѿһ֩һѺۡ
ڷƶ֮ʱǼӴ˻һһĳѷ֮ϳţ췣֮У֮شڼʥ޾ںϵϵĳ£ϣڱ˺һСӡ
ˣ
ӵڰ˸Ͽڴ˳˶ڽһϴ񡭡
¡¡¡
ͻأģ׹ԭƵ񷣬ȴܲѹѹģѹһַǳƵѹʱ;˷ƣҲԶĻСע⡣
췣ˣ
жһ
꣡
һţһɭĺۼŻһеϢ񷢲֮ԶĻСĶֱðЩ̡̻
췣־ܹݻշؼκһУ㣬ӹɣ쵰ͣѵҪ忪𣿣
ɫЩ԰ףתС
ʥ޾ܷ֮ƿƣֱӳһֱûͣ£Ҳѹֻƻἱˡ
ЩͣҲ˿ȻһֱϣҲЩӰ죬ʱɲһһĶԿ췣
ɣҿ췣жǿ
ƺڳ壬ӲӣףսһԶս񣬲һĴڰϣͷϹƣްɫڽս
ս죬ս
Сӣɹѹأʱؼû˿ѹ
ĻһĨ⣬૳͸¶һЩζ
£ûгֹϵʣ㣬û˿ȷżϣȴûⷽļء
ƣǶɹˣܹΪʷǰˣ
ѽ
һԵСҲͬĵ˵ͷϲǲΰ롣
ôһʱڣԲǧ֮ڣأγһƬ췣һĵĻϢؼţֻҪǴ뵽֮µˣǻ췣Ĵ
¡¡
׹쳹ƺھˣҪһ绡ʣģȻڷƵͷ֮ϻۡ

һˮͰ׳׵磬ʹֱͷҪһշ

͵ĴһȻûж֮ŽӲӵȭͷͳ췣Ӳȥ
ʣҪܣ


1103 ΨҶ
¡¡
Ӳӵȭͷ׵ҵײһ𣬶ʱ׵綼鿪ϯ£Ϣӿ
Щ췣Ȼ˷ˣתܾſڱһɾ޴Щɢ췣ȫڣԪȥ
ˣ
ӡˡϵİ˸򿪵Ͽϣ۳һķΪԭΪ췣һƥѱԹԵ뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
ˬ
췣ӣдˬٴ׵磬ЩȲȭͷӭȥ׵飬ȻΪá
꣡
ĻС򶼲ɵĺݺݵĳ˳ǣһĨ𺳡
ǼʶˣʲôϡŹֵûмʲôĴûоǣǰֳ棬ǵȷûм
ɽ٣췣ǿ߲ۣҲû⣬ǣǰڶ췣ֱڸͲƷ
ǻǵ͹
뵽֮ǰĵǣ¶һĨЦ
ѭ֮ķƣ췣ʱӵ˾Եƣ磬췣׵̺ػ־͸Ӱ첻ȫԸܹ췣Ϊã
ĵҲûм٣ϾⲻǸոտʼѣ

ƵЦؼ쳹ʱǿǳ޵ףüͽϣ裬貣أսڳ壬ɢޱϢһΨҶĿ
ԽսԽ£ԽսԽӵĿЦ췣ֿΨҶ־εУ뵽ս⵱Уʹսһٴνս⣬ͷƶɱƿ
սһҪ񣬾ҪҪһУҪܹսʤշһеģ
ʱŴ췣֮ڱ˿̬ΨҶ𣬾췣Ҳ˿壬Ҫ־սһ
ңҲܲסˣΣֱӳ֮ڣΧ췣׵ſڣŽ֮Щ۵׵硣
˻
ĻС򶼲ɵĵһ
üһ治ˣ
췣ΪأÿһأַΪŲ㣬һأһ㣬ν£žŰʮһܹɹ췣ǾǴo
췣ֻ˳ܣ̲صϣΪ̺֮ǿҵ־ǿoۣҲΨгܣ޷ȥصȨ
ǣȴ־ѹȣһĸȥ־ȨΨҶ𣬲һУΪҲѹס
¡¡¡
ܿģƾͳɹͱѣ׹ƻ£ϵڵǺһڳģǳƣ棬׵˸ɭܱϢǵصһƬǽ壬Ʊʮ׵һͬУӣϵҲһֱûͣ£һһģڲϵ£Ҫһշ
ã
Сͬʱһ䣬ֻ˿
һ貵Ľӵ滺𣬾һֽɫһҫۣƿ̬ɣΨҶƣһ׵ҵķ飬ȻɣǿԼһ˫ȭͷϣҲѾ׹˸˸ȻѾڵ췣
ȴҲûٴγˣͣڰգĿɨŽƣ˸˼ɫ
ԭˡ
ŽĽƣƱˣΪδʱ׵ܱ
ƣǰӵŨˣԣ׵ܲŻᱶǣڵȻȴû
ʱһĨ⡣
ΪͿеı׶ˣ
Ȼ׵ܱˣƾҲ飬Ҫ췣ǣڵûˣҪǿ췣Ҳû㹻ˣ
˵ʵڵģʥܵ췣ҲЩ̻̣ڼĻȴ뵽һ⡣
Ǿǡ
ɱ
֣һ֮췣۶ɵھ޽Уâ˸˸ٴڿն𣬳ž޽ȻͷĽնȥ
ҪûĽڵƣΪͬѭ֮ã˷ˣ
ἰ֮ʱҪɵģһ췣һоŲ㣬ڣһѣĵĶˣȻͻˡ

ķŴα䣬ȴŴγɱȥƱ⣬ʱֽкã
ռ壬޾־ѹ֮ڣչ췣ĶսǵĶ췣


1104 Ų췣
¡¡
ԭ֮ڣͻأ쳹һըƺƴģƵϢӣ֮صÿһ䣬Ϣ
Ʋһɭĵ绡˸ҲΪ֮Ҫ
ǣʱȴһӲӵӰϵĳϵƣʱֽʱƣ֮ϣĽƣȻÿĲǽƵһǣǣûзϵĳһһΡ
ʱţϵضˣµһУǻһһƬǽ壬׵ӣһ˺۵ѷӣֹ֪ǧ
ʱѾˣһ췣䣬ǽ£ĺòңӲӵϣҲȾѪϲ˺ۡ
ֻǣɲ۲ӣӡһӡһֱߣֹ췣ǰС
һ̣ʵᵽ췣ǿ
ؼҪбԼǿĴڣ췣Ȼռ䣬ǣɲԼܹܵ˵ġ
˵췣ʱǳŲסˣ鵱֮£ֻʹıֶΣӡ
ʱӡܣҲ˷Ƶϣڹ֮֮ӡܣͳ׵չ˷ǰ
ӡޱȣǣɵģֻŹ϶ֲɣϢ¶磬ӡڳȴָлɫľƥͶ֮䣬ܽ÷ƴţڵ췣ԽԽˡ
û취췣ؼ䣬ֻٵʱŻ۳ԷƸ޷ڵ췣ÿ˶٣ͻٶ٣һֱĻһݾġ
Ҳʥܹ֮ɹĹأҲܲˡ
Ѿǵڰ˲췣ˣ
ŻѪֳһѪսķƣԶ֮Ļƿ૳һء
һ췣ΪŲ㣬߲ȥˣֻʣˣҲΪΣյ㣬ȻƽĶɹǰ߲㣬ǣܲܶɹ㣬⻹Ǻ˵ġ
ѽ
һԵСҲĵǣȻܼ꣬ȴҲûκΰ취֪ȥ֡
ǰ˲췣ϵ췣֪ܲܶɹˡ
Ȼڵɱļ٣ǣƵɫûзһģ֮ǰƤЦ̬ȫˡ
ףһʱ򣬾ԻгԽܵ췣£
¡¡¡
ͻأģϵĽƱٵ£ը죬бطӲʯһ̱ɷĩ
ھŲˣ
һ˫â˸˸ȼգֱͷϺѹѹĽƣ޾ɫ貣ϵ˺ۿɼٶš
ӵ츳ټ켶۷ҩ䣬ֻҪĴˣԿٵ
ʱƸǴҲǴﵽһǳµľأûũҩΣ̶ֳȵĴˣҲܹϣֻٶûôѸٶѡ
ϣƲڣһƬɫ׵˸ţţϢԽԽŨԽԽѹ֡
ˣ
һгһԲ̣йϵд̾ᣬӡԥģƱǽ֮뵽ӡ֮ڣʱӡ϶ֲɣ쵴ĪĴϣһ·棬ĹƺڳĪġ롮ţһڵľӡҡҷŴ׳ˣҡϣ쳤ХƺԼ
ӡȻδʥǣҲǼΪֲģҲǷƴʱ߹ֶΣֻΪ˱Ⱪ¶ɱ֮źٶá
¡¡
ͻأģѿ޾׵ǵأȫŷȥϢӣضһ̲š
໣
ڴЩɫӨľһһԼĿ죬צЩȫ飬绡䡣
ӡɱƵĺǱαУ˺ۣɫѪӴòҡ
ңԽ棬췣ܱɫľҲЩܲסɢһһΣƸǱѪըβͱշ𵱳ö㿪Ҫλ
ˣʱҲҡҡ׹׹޷վڵ棬ƾһ־ڼţϽɫѪҺδδĲϵ£ĵҲһ


1105 
췣µֻһּǾǻĴݻ£ûκܹҴ档
ܹŵڣѾһ漣ˣУ췣ֱеĴڰٴΣȻѾദãȴܹǿվȻǵ꣬ڣûа˿⣬ս죬һһؼ䣬¡
ǲ־ڶһսǿԼ
ʱڽ֮ڣһ޴׵۶ɣƺѾ߱ԣһ˫ɫڣ飬绡˸ŻصϢܹݻ˵ǣΧ̲صѸٵĳۣ˽ȥȻû׳󣬵ɢƣȴֲΧ绡˸䣬ռ䶼Ǳ˺һڿµĿӡ
ʵģʱ׵۶ɵѾ߱˳Խʵܣ
ģ겻£ֻǣȴþòɢ棬һ̶죬ؼգȴǸӵĳˡ
ȿȣ
ȣ³Ѫûһõط˺ѿڣɫѪҺ
ȥѾǿ֮ĩˣֻǣ˫ڣȴսڳ壬˿Ϣ

â˸˸ڽ֮̾Ҳ˫ӡ
֪һˣ
ɰڴһ٣
Ǿɣ
ƵͺһЩ˻ƣЯűսڣֳӡһеĳӡڹ֮
໣
ڵľӡϣҡҷŴ׳𣬷ҡϣſڳɢϢΧĿռ䶼ͬһıƺѾܲĴڡ
ӣ޵ףһȥܹ˵꣬Щһ㵭ĻɫӨ⣬ÿһƶ˿˿£춯ҡ֮ϵͷңңԡ

ԶƶͷϽŵ˺ˮɫ࣬ȭͷקһƺѾͲסҪˡ
ɨۼͶ쵽Ĳࡣ
Ⲣ˵ڵľǿᣬǵʵ̫ǿˣ߸һ棡
֪Լ֣Ի췣ȴǿ÷ƳɹĶɹ췣
ǣԼܲңҲ䣡
ǣȴܹĿŷƱ췣ɱԼǰ
ѽ
һӰǰסȥ·
С
ţ
΢΢һǿӷڣ쳹һƺںһ𣬶ӲӵϣҲһɫ׹⣬绡˸˸ɱһС
ҲӦˣͷӡܹ˵ģԣѾĴ㣬Ӳ
췣ɱ֮ǿ󣬾Ϊ̺صĻ־ǳȥ־ôҪܵģܶѡ
ȻʥɿǴʱҲûиõİ취Ψƾ֮Ӳһء
¡¡
ƻɢȥϣʹһɫľ˸Χ˸ڵѷ죬ϵĸ££ϢƺƵء

͵Ĵһ߶ӡڵľڿնֱӾͳƲ֮ϵײȥ
໣
һ˱Х޴ڴƺΪ˸ԼȨԷŭˣֱĴӾ֮ײ
ڣ
һĨâһ
̣
ڰײͨ쳹صըڵľڻûӴʱֱԼը޴ҵľϯͷϣٶΪ֮΢΢һͣӴϵԾͼࡣ
໣
һ˲䣬һӡ𣬳ϣԼȥֹǰС
ǷƵսԣ֪ɿôĥ
һһľӡڳϵıըҵĳʹٶȼͬʱҲڼٵš
¡
ͻأأײֻüӡؿڣֱײըϣֻһڲ׵Ĵ󶴣ƲټƺѾը˻ҽڡ
ã
С˲⴦󶴱ϣ˿ǹһĨɵĻȡ
СӾȻ
һУһ߼õͻĴڸһԵĵϡ


1106 Ҵ
ʱǷΪҵʱֻҪȫըˣȻûȫ飬ǣ£Ŀ꣬һµѪɫѪҺ
ǣû
Ϊײʱӡסλãס࣬ԣһ췣£
Ҳܱ̫࣬ûбȫը飬֮ǰŬͺսԷֲȻûмײ£ֻ·һҲᱻըķ顣
Ҳ˻Уʡˡ
ʥ׵ܣԲܹܵģӷƴ˴ζԿ췣ܿĳ
ӵеͳʣԣܷεŬѲ˴ʱҵ³
໺𣡡
СſڣзһֵĺһĪɶ⴦֮ڴţԶһͷͷӨ͸ʥ޾Ǳ㶼ǳ˹Сʾ£뵽˷Ƶڡ
꣡
Ҳһָҩ磬һҺҩԣưţ޸ϵĴˡ
İڵũҩҩԵ£һ󣬷õȫϣָֻǣûѡ
ʱ֮أѾһĸˣǵ֪ͣǶǻΪѾڼ֮ˡ
һ밡ֱ޷飬Ҫ֪ӹţ߼¼ʮѣߣû취ȣ
ǲ벻Եɣԣǹ鹦ĳ棬ǲἰ

ʱ򣬷ֻԺһͻأģʧȥ֪뵽һƬޱ޼ʵİڵУֻһָо䡭
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãһů⣬ס建ıůģ֪ǰһ͵Ĺ˹ȫ
ţ
۾ǿһǿ⣬΢΢۾
ѽ
ʦ˰
ϤĽҲؿѹһ壬߻ָǿǰһС
վһԣϴŨŨЦ⣬СվؿϣһҲǴԻϲ⡣
һû
عʵĵһ仰õĻ΢΢һ顣
ѵϣԼˣ
ʦ㵱ȻûȻҲˣ
죬û˵
СצӣؿţĴ÷Ƴ׵˹
û
ӿһ޷ϲãоš
µһǣΪԼɣڣȴԼȻ漣ĻţȻޱȵľϲ
Ҫ޷׿
ʦǶ㡣
ǲźۼһĨЦ⣬ŵһԵӡƲƲ졣
ӡ
һѾ˵һӡֻǣȴȻķ֣ʱӡһԣƺָֻ֮ǰŵõʱǷݸоȫޣ޹⣬ܡ
ΪΪ˴󲿷ܣԣŻᱻԭˡ
ԭҡ
ǷһĨЦҡҡͷ
ΪԼƾΪܹǿˣʵȴĲ룬ӡͱըϡˡ
Ҫ֪ӡõ֮󣬾Ͳ֪˶ѾͨĴڣǴʱȴǱ׵Ĵԭͣɼʱ֮ǿܿġ
ԼΪܹƾʿ⣬ֱ죡
ԭûƵһͷҪھϣߵľ磬ôǿϣԼԻΪ췣µڻҡ
췣ѾˣôھϣԻӵĿֲпֱܻӳ췣
췣붼ÿ£ԼʲôȥԿأ
ѵҾҪֹڴ𣿡
Ʋʣоǿɬ
һ췣ǧټƼ£޷ôʲôȥԿ췣
ֻһ֣
ǣϵĻǲ˵Լ޷ͻʥ
Ҫ
ʥ֮½ϣʥУԼһֻС϶ѣǸм֣ȻȥԼںܷ⣬ǣΪ˼ҿԼǱΪԼͻʥ֮е۷ĻᣬԲŶԼ࿴ǣǱ˵֪Լ޷ͻʥףǵλͿ֪ˡ
һӣֻ϶ѣ

Щ죬
ͻʥףܽߵľ磬ôֻ·һҲͻһǧҶѣǣͻƵʥ׵ǣȴܹͻƣѵԼ


1107 µĿ
ţÿһͻĵһԣŻΪֻдﵽߵľ磬ܽ
ջǿһĿ꣬ȻңɼǣÿһжôһڣֻҪϹϵۣǿ߾ͻÿһδۣս
ǣ˭ĵõأ

۷壬ֻܻϾŰѣֻͻʥףܻһǧ꣬ιܹأ
ңţܹĵһֱ۷ʥ𣿣
ôΪһЦңҲΪһЦ
ǣ췣вأ
ģ治ģգߵڣ˶ٺˮҪֹ
䣬Ѿƿˣӵѭ֮ϧǲܽʥףһֻ϶ѣһʥף׵շ
ϣ𣿣
ԣΪ֮֮
ͻأģȻѣ뵽֮ǰһʡ
̫֮ˣϣ
ȻȷǺǿҲ߱ǿǣȴǾãⲻӦþ֮Ӧеܣ̫ˣ
⾿ô£
̧ͷѪ˿۾ֱŻƣʵ
ȿȣ
˼˵ʦ˵֮ҪܳأںϾŴܷ֮ӳȫ𣿡
ȷ
ȻǵԼʲôʱһᵽЩǻͬĵ˵ͷһ𣬡԰Ҳƿ׼֮ѣΪξӵ֮ˣѵ˵Ⲣ֮ܣ
ԽţƵĺԽǼ۾ҲԽԽһĨϣ֮⸡
԰ʱڣֻ׼֮ѣôܹӳ֮ȫأ
Ҫӳ֮ܣںϾż֮У
ʦ㵱ʱû˵ѵĻӦþ
ֲˣһЦ˵š
ܹƾԼɹ췣֪պĳɾͣضԼ֮ϣ
ȻǰҪɹǰһѹزſԡ
ôҴʱӵе֮Ӧֻһɶѡ
ڷԳ⣬Щš
һҵܣѾˣôں˾ż֮ӳȫܣǲǾĿֲ
ʱԼǷܹƾ֮Կ췣أ
ʣ˷ϣУ֮޷Կ췣Ҳ벻óʲôȥԿˡ
ƽӹһƴһ
㣬ǷƾѾ̵ᵽˣҲǵǸųСкˣȻ֪ȥ
ڣ֪ж˫۾ڶԼǴ粽ڷҵĽԲȵķҺõȥ
ҪƴһΣһҪϣΪҲϧ
ָֻǰţСж˿һۣǿ˶Էڵ⡣
ȷƵı֣Ѿˡ

Ƴĺ˿ɷһָͷƳѪҺɫѪҺԭ޹ӡ֮ϣʱһϱͻķȻû貵ĹâǣӡɢĹϲɣϣ֪ڵӡӦòԭ̬
ɫѪҺ
üͷ΢΢һ
ʱûʱȥ˼ⷽ棬ǴʱһǾЩ졣
ѵǸʱǲϾ
뵽ԼǱܣͻᱬ貵Ľ⣬õķ˵ʱʥҽʥڶ췣ʱ򣬻׸ԼĽ֡
޷ǣΪ֣ʱѾ췣շˡ
ڻƺĲЩơ
ʱһȷ˻Ƶݡ
Ȼ޷ȷ֮ǲֻһǣһѲ˹ϵ
ˣ
ԲȾ˽ɫѪҺ֮󣬷ӡȻ𣬻ɢڹ⣬ԵһӨӨĹΣȥӶִ
İɣһ죬Ϊʥ۱ģ
ջ񣬷ƴһһԵĻƣٻӡϸţİοš
ӡΪԭΣ⣬Ѱʥֻ췣¶֧顣
ˣ
ƺ˷ƵĻӡϵ·΢΢֣ڻӦţתۣڣûԪڣǳ޼ʵ֮ڣϵţɳš


1108 ʥѧ
һĸ£
ڻƿе֪ԼѾڼ֮ڴһ֮󣬷ƲЩпҲףΪ˱չһξ㡣
ڴʱûо쵽ţֻǹ˼ʱѣôһתۼ䣬ѾˣǻѣЩš
Ȼһʱ䣬ǻֵõģεջҲǾ޴ġ
ȻǴҲ֮صĿģѾﵽˣ
ȴǲ֪ԼѾں˶ʥ޵ľǣȻû취ô
ǧͷʥ޾ǣ
һôĿɲ֣
ʥޱͼϡ٣⴦֮أʥ޶ѡڴ䣬Ҫǳ˵Ρ
ҲһԵҲƺѾ׼õģƺ֮صĴڣΪ˸ĳĳ˴׼ġ
ˣǷƣ
ߣΪսĴڣӵ˼ᶨƵ־־֧ʹУ԰ȥҪЩʥ޾ǣ˵Ҳüʮ꣬ϰꡣ
ңһж鹦СѼʽ䣬һֱڼ޵£Ҫͻƣ̫ˣҲ㽫֮ڵʥ޾ȫҲһܹڵ
˵ȱһɣŴٳһĴԵ
߾ǳƿ֮Ƿǰû뵽ģȻֻǳƿأΪ֮߶ӡֻ߲췣Ͱȥˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ҵ߱񽣣ֻǳ֮߶£ܷӳܡ
ɹ˰췣õķƶԼʵһ˽⡣
ʱоԵģƾſһɰܣ
ּ츳ܣǳ˵ͷȮħܣ
ڼ֮ƾãǹʥǸӣֳħߣҲһİɱ
췣£ǳ˸ԪѾ췣ˣĶԵУϼʮҲû⡣
ƿ䣬ɹϣǷһ֮ڵĳɹˣһ׳ȥ캧ˣɽ磬壡
ţǱǹһĨǳǳĻȣĿ̬¶˳
ڣʵѾ߱˳忪ϵֻǣûȥѣΪûоԵİȥԾ췣ڳ׵ƿʱŻȥɣ
ȿȡ
˼˷Ƶע⣬˵ʦ׼ȥģ
ȻȥѰҾż֮ˡ
Ҳû룬ֱô˵Ļһصģȴһʵôоż֮Ϣˣ
ٺ٣
һЦ˵ʦһȾż֮ҪϢ
ţ
ԭҪһڻؾģбһĨʵ˵˵
ʥѧ
һĨ⣬³ĸ
ʥѧ
ĸİۣ΢΢һ㶣˼ãȴɷһƬհףͿʵʥѧʲô
ںɽϣûзĴڣԴֳɣҲûʥѧķݣôһǿȥ
ºҲûôˡ
ʲô
ǹԳһĨĻȣĽ͵ѧ
ѧ
Ʊ˵ԽԽͿˣЩȥ
ʦʱ򣬲һѧԺ𣿡
ƴһĨصЦݣʵ
û
ƵͷԺͻȻһĨͷʱһϱ¶һĨɫѿ˵㲻˵
ٺ٣
ˣƲǺЦһ͵˵ɽ磬ôʥѧǷѧԺ
⡭
Ƶ¾ЩӦЩĿɿڴ
ģʥѧ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪Ǽͷ­ҪȥģңԽѧԺΪ٣ѧԺӰң
Щ޷ţɽ羹ȻҲһѧĴڣ
ʥѧʮһΣҪǣʮ£ұʾ磬Ȼ󾭹ǵؿ飬ſԽѧѧϰ
𺳵ɫ£ƽʥѧ˵˳˵괺죬Ҳǻ£ʥѧʮʱ򣡡
˻
Ҫ󣬷ƲɵĵһһĨȻ
ʮڣﵽʾ磬δҲ̫˰ɣң⻹Ҫ


1109 һ˻
ʥѧǺ˴ģ
ôһ˵ƶʥѧҲǲǿҵĺҪ֪˭ôͣôһȻѧ
壬һ˻ʡ
ϵЦЩׯص˵ţһĨ羴
һ˻ʡ
ͷˮƺеİ󾭹ƵĽͣƲף˻ʣĵλΡ
˵ͳΪ˻ʡ
ȻϣкܶĳͻǣûӰ쵽˵ĴڣûˣֻҲͲԶˣһɢɳã˶ԣһֱڣɸ۷ǿɣ
ʥѧǡ˻ʡģңÿһθǵġ˻ʡ
ܹʥѧģʣľ񣬿˵ʱгƶˣȥʥѧʥѧӵܡ
ɴ˿ɼʥѧĵλˣǳƶˣʥѧڵ˵ʦҪһʦ
⵽˵ʥѧڵĵʦÿһΪ綼Щƶˣֻǣÿһʦĳһ棬Ϊصļ⣬ʺΪʦ
ȻΪȻȻҲ̲ЩȫɵѧԱ
ںɽϲһ仰ֻܹʥѧˣܹվ۷ˣ
벻ʥѧͷ
˿ɵĸпֿʵһ˻ʡ˭
֮֮񣡡
ƵĿ³ׯصۣõķٴһҲ˹
񻰴˵У֮񴫵˽һȻ˸壬޷У
֮񴫵ڣǽʥѧ
ҲΪԣʥѧĵλ˳Ȼ޾Ǳӵ硣
ʱң
ѹѹеļŻ˵һ䡣
ȥΪŵһ㼣ңпܣҲ뵽ʥѧ֮ڣҪȥѰһûзϵټ
ٺ٣õģ
ӦָֻƤЦһڰɭɭ˵š

ĺ˿ɨΧһƬǽĴأüͷ΢
ƻ̫׵ģԲǧ֮ڣȥɽʯ٣γһ޴ء
ģЩڡ
̫³çˣڶɽٵʱһʱҲεأԲŽ֮ػٻģУ϶ٻ˲ٵʥź
ȥν
ͷЩգ˼룬Ҳû뵽ʲô취Ҳֻһһˡ
˼ҺԼԼܾܲô˰ɣ
߰ɣ
Ż˵һǴһĨЦԶĹжȥ
СһۣǼٵĸȥ

磬͹ڣ峤ûڣֻǱֱվš
һʱ䣬ǶԼҪȻһֱȥ
ˣ
ͻأģڵڣ쳹һԭ޹Ĺ󣬱һ貵Ĺâһ΢ƿһһСͷӴ͹˳ע⡣
ʣǷƴˣ
һܿ˹Щʵ
Ҳ֣˽ֻһˣΪδʱðأ
ңֵǣǸӼͷϣſһֵֻİëСޣĴŹǷƺ˯㣬ȴ˳һ˫ʯӣɨԼʱһ͹ȥ
֪ΪΣ˫ʯһڣܵһΪ֮ѹͷȥȥֱӡ
Ҿǡ
õķһ㶣Ҳûй⣬ǺܿĻشš
˷Ըʹȥ
ǿѹµе𶯣ŷƹ˵һ䣬ǰ·ȥ

ڼ֮һֱ࣬Υ˳ƻеС֮󣬼˲ûȥѯеԭ򣬶ǷǳƴкõķиǸΡ
ˣм±˵һ¡
ƴſЦڨڨ˵
˵޷
һЦݣΪ⡣
ڼ֮֮ʱһЩ״ԡٻ෶Χ
ҧҧӲͷƤʵ˵š
ٻ˼֮أ
ϵЦ΢΢һһĨɻ
ڼ֮ڣʥ޵ľһѹӣ˸û취ھôһʾˣǴһ࣬ƻĻ
Ϊ棬һڼ֮ʲô顣


1110 ԴУ
ˣҿ⳥ֻҪΧڵġ
ѹеĻֿ̻̣Ķż˵
ʹ彻ⲻԸģܹͽ⣬㾡ȫ
⡭
ЩӦģֻ¼֮ڿ϶Ƿ˲С飬ʱɫ΢΢һ
֮أ˵ĸʥ޶棬Ǳƻˣʧɲһ㣬üֵ޷ġ
ֻǣ΢΢̧ͷʱȴǿһ˫ʯһӣʱһ
ǺǣСֵ⻰Щˡ
˿ǻһЩǿЦݣŷƺƵ˵ţһЩ⣬пԭңܹʵҸߣ˵ҲǹΪ֮ģ˵ǲǣ
ȷ⣬һʱûע⡣
㶣ڨڨ˵
ʱһųϣûйȥ˼ΧĻˣȷҲġ
ûϵֻҪСֵܼǵãѾͺˡ
˴˵ţһĨɫת˲
סһ죬Ʋ̣ŷڸȥ
ȴʥ飬ſ԰ĵȥʥѧȻʥǿںе̣ЩʣܻЩڡ
ˣڷߺ󣬾ټ峤˴͹󣬶һ˼֮ڣƬΪ췣ƻĴأʱɵĵһ
ʲô
˾Լ˼ЩתǰһƬǽ壬ɽʯľ٣ζıˡ
ңܹоĵΧռľҲϡ˲֪ٱЩˡ
⾿ô£
һ࣬ԭΪҲƻһС鷶ΧѣǰľЩ޷ܡ
ƬȥرԵʱ͸Ӧһɻصϡ
ѵǡ췣
üͷ΢΢һĨ𾪣ѿڽг
ֲɲİ
ôܣʾѣôܻ췣أ
ЩţǰƬԾͲһܹɵģҲΨ췣Ž͵ĹȥʱĿɿڴþ˵
ˡˡϣݣҪ췣
ãѰԺеļ䣬뵽˰ϵĴ˵ʱһһĨ֮ɫ
֮ˣÿһ츳ܶɹ췣գǶɹ췣Ժĵ·᲻
ԭ
صĺ˿ת뿪˼֮ء
ǻһˣԻ׷ɱף忪սҲϧǣȴУ֮س׻ˣҲҪЦӭ

ʱ䣬ʥںɽӰǼٵ½Ѿǿпˣңڹʥѡ̣ҲڶƽĻɣԣֹʮ۹ڵĹʥķֵ壬ǹʥɽҲûжͣˡ
̶һʱ䣬ʥһŵƾͱҩʦ᳹׵߽ˡ
ڷе֪󣬷Ʋûж⣬ҲЩϲ΢΢һĨȡ
Щ£ԼʥҽʥƿˣȻʥҽʥرʥƿˣǺ᲻룬Ժܹƺʥ
ʥȻһЩСǣȴûʲô⵹õķЩɻ
ѵʥԴˣ
ҡҡͷûȥ룬ǶһԵĺķ˵峤ȻʱѾˣôʥҲ˸Ҫʱˣ
š
΢΢˵ͷһĨп
ʱһ˾ѹķ̧ͷǲ̶ʱ䣬ȴǵת˹أڹʥ˶ȹϵһɣ
Ѿʮ۹ˣǴӦṲͬѹʥնݳ
ʮ۹ڹʥûøУôһ飬ټ㹻棬Ǹûɾܾ
ܺãǾ֣
Ƶ˵ͷһĨâ
޷Ǹصӣ̫ǿˣʲô˹żȴûв鵽һ˿
ټǱֲħߣ÷Щ޷⣬Ϊιʥڻ۱
ԣ˱ȻԼĴУ
룬ĸΪӵԴڼ޵Уӵȴǲĸ棬ͻʣʥףԻǼĿ£˿ѹס
ԽţзЩȣ£졢ƣһͬŹʥɽȥ


1111 ©֮
ʥΪ֮ηںɽ緢չ˶̶ʮ꣬Ѿʮ۹ȼ磬ǿʮ۹
ɼĵ֮ۺ֮أضԶʱĴ壬ֻû˶ѡ
ԭںɽڣʥҲٹˣǳҪγҲ𲻱ҪĴңǣһȴڶ̶ڣͱдˡ
ڵĹʥѾ˹¼ҹˣûκףټϹʥʥ˫˫ʧõĹʥĿǰľ
û˿ԴʥشľߣԣֻĿҩʦʮ۹֮ڷչӣʳԼĵ̡
ڷҽϢһ۹ڵĹʥֵ˱㶼Ǳסңʮ۹ǲڶǿߣƺƵĸʥɽ
ʮ۹Ĵɽ磬ϲȴûоκ⣬Ϊ֪ʥҵĲˣ綼ôһ죬ֻǣ֪ôѡ

ʥɽ
ʱʥϲ㶼ǾۼһƬͨĴڣֻǣǴ̳ϣȴǿһˣԣЩֺģ˶ڽͷӶһͬ㣬Щ̻̲϶Щꡣ
ڹʥͳϹˣ߶ʮ۹γˣңʥɽΧʮ۹İڣֻҪжʮ۹ڵһʱ֪
Σһ˴ǮǶ֣ǲܾܾȻ뵽Ҫնݳº󻼣ʵǣ
ԣʮ۹ĴʥɽΧǲŵ֪Ϣʱһȹϵһżȴûκͷ
λ
վǰһŴɫ۵˸ãվ˳תͷĳ˺λһ
ͻȻõΪ֮һĿⶼϡ
ڹʥڻȨģԣϵĳʱͻĳȥڻָ˰
ʮ۹ҹʥλѾˡڣҹʥʱ̣ȻʥڣǣǲţȻֻ·һ
һһɨڣҴʥʩλ
⡭
һ仰ʱõĳϸΪɧɫҲǸӵĲÿ
ʥڣֻйʥһ˰Ȩˣ˵ĺʹʵǵĴڣҲһȵģʥı߶ѣûκȨĳߡ
ҪʲôʱѵҪʮ۹ҹʥɽƽ˲ſϾ𣿣
˻ţЩ壬һƬһͷ˶ɵĻޣǲĻǾټˣʮ۹

ڷƸϵ˹ʥɽ֮ɱѾӽβˣһƬǽ壬֫бۣҵѪȾʥɽռѿҲвɱ˼ͨ鱦췭ظ첻ϣƬĩһŰԲǧһƬߣٻĲӡ
ˣǶǧ֮⣬ңңĹۿⳡս
ͬҲǷƿǿ֮սҲΪҵһսսϣֵļʶʥ׵ǿ󣬵ǾͶ㣬ѣoһ
ʮ۹οǳʥ֮⣬񾡳Щ궼ûгڶˣڼʮıѹ£ʥвܵĵ
ңҪǣʥʥȴǲڣõʮ۹ǼϹŶսݺɱŰ˿ɱĹʥʥʹ죬ɱʱҲ󻡶ȵˮ
Ļ˶֪ʥˣ
Ƿһʮ۹Ĵڣõĺɽûǵ֮ˡ

˸ʮ۹ʹ߱ӭΪ˵ֿ
ʥûг֣
õķüͷ壬ɫҲǲÿ
峤ǴҩʦפͿʼӹʥʱڣʥȷûнʥҲʥ֮ǰ뿪ˡ
һʹЩڨڨĽ͵
ʹ߲عģ룬ʥӦҲżˡ
ɻǴŵЦʮ۹ʹ˵ǿġ
ʮ۹˾پѾǽʥ׵ĵˣǿɱȷһҪżŶԣԣǹ߹ʥ˵
ʹߣʣûмһʹһӣ
ɨһսüͷ΢΢𣬶һʹʵ

ʹһЩĿ
һֺɫ
Ϊһֺɫԣ󻹲һ䣬ˣѪҺҲǺɫġ


1112 
ڹʥʵƸûзϣΨһ˼ɵģǸصӣҲΪλʮ۹Ըʥԭ
Ǹӳɳȥ
һʮ۹ʹ߶ҡҡͷʾûмû
ӦǹʥĺӵܣλӦò͡
ҡͷüͷĸǳѵ
ð죬ץһʥʹʾͿˡ
һʹ˵һǳԶսжȥʱһĹʥʹ˹
ֻҪشһ⣬ҾͿԷһ·
һᣬ˵
ߣ
ǹʥʹΪĵɨ˷һۣһͽͷתһߣǡ
ֻҪشˣǾͷһ·
ʮ۹ʹ߿ˣõһ㶣ǰŲ㻪ӣһĨɻɨΧ˵ɫȴŷ֣ƺӺз
ǹʥڣǷһӣʹúɫѪҺҲǺɫģʲôݣ
Ķĳʵû
֪
ʥʹɫҰףһĨѪЦݣҸ㣬ûţ
Ҫˣţ˻ҵģϾ˭أ𣿡
ƵԽԽ䣬ɫ
ǲǸӣδжûа壡
⻰ȴõʥʹһĨҡ
ȷڹʥڣǸ˵ݣҲ֪ģԼ˵Ⲣ˲˵ԣԥˡ
ܹţ˭Ըȥ
͵οأ
ܱ֤ǻŹң
һҧĿŷƣٴʵ
ȻֻҪʵ˵ˣǵˣѣǾԲΪѵġ
ϴһĨЦ⣬˵š
⻰⣬ͬʱҲʥʹĺ·ȷ˵Ǹ˵ݣѾڱ˹ʥˡ
˵ǡǹʥʥӡ
ʥʹ۾ѵ˵ӵݡ
ʥӣ
вûж⣬ܹóһ۱ƾ֪ݾԲ򵥣Щȵʵģ
ʥʥѾнûгֹˡ
ʥʹΪ˻ţƺˣ˵䣬һĨĵǡ
ʥӵǱ̫ˣҼһιʥӳֲֿ֣ǣ
š䲻ģʥʹʹһ
ǳɳֻʮ۹Ҳûκε
ûֹ
ôһ˵Ƶüͷ
ϣĽ
һԣ˽üͷ壬˽ŵ׷ʣҲܹ˽⵽ʥӵĲ򵥣»ΪʱɫǺܺÿ
ƵɫҲڲʱķϹ⣬ڹʥɽɨɨȥ
ҲףˣȷӦնݳ
һѰûнҲЩûڣ֪Ӧó罫ͷںˣ֮ȥѰһ˵䣿
ʲôʱ£
Ƶɫˣܹ˵ꡣ
ҼǵáǹʥȥһԴ֮󣬻ãʥһͬʧˣǴԺ󣬾Ҳûгֹ
֪޲ԣгֻˡ
Դ֮𣿡
һĨ
ӦԼûϢ£ųˣֻǣ÷ƲǣȻʥҪ룬Ϊβżҵһأ
Ŷˣһ£ʥǴʧǰʥȫ̺ͼƷ
ʥʹ˼ãֽԼԼ֪˵˳
̣Ʒ
˽һ㶣Щ̫ð
˵һЩԣڹʥıһƷΪ׼ġ
ʥʹʵ˵
ѵȥﲻɣ
⻰һԵĻɫȴǾ䣬ĿԵˮŷ˵һ䣬ȥȥ
˵գֻռ䣬ͻһת˲ʧ

˽һͷˮ׻˵ʲôֻǼҲһû˿ʣֻǣͷǳء
رǷƣûпɫǰѿһ˲䣬һĲ
֪˵Ǹطǿֲޱߣ˵
òǣƼȻȥˣҲ΢ķˡ
ţǸܵļһӦҲܽĽɣ
ʹߣˣ鷳ǰˣмǣ˺
ĺ˿һԵʮ۹ʹ߿˵
л
ڱߵʱǸĹʥʹмĿ˷һۡ
ԼܹΪӵԭ


1113 Ӧ
žڣûлûвݣûз磬ûˮûаһƬߵľֻһߴɽ崣ǣɽ岻ԶһµǴţֳһ񣬿ŷ޾İ׹ɢɽ帽ﶼڡ

ͻأģ⴦ռ䱻Ǳ˻һݵСͷڵռ˳ʱӵľ裬͵дģеâʢһգ嫣һ嫺
ֻǣһСͷʱɫȴ΢΢һ㶣ǵصܻǺԥĳСͷȥҪֱշ
ԣ˷ֱһֱغĹʥ뼱ҴҸĻơ
ʱͷѾֹһ͵ϮˣÿζܣĶӣÿЩ̣շɱĿԶС
ֻǣһΨһѪˣ޷ȥԼһѪԼжϾ
ʶ
ȻҶԼ֣ƲȻŭԲ۾ּ̧䣬ѣֳһͼɽӵתת䣬ǳеĹ켣ƺ嫣һϹoһ֣ȥ
¡¡
޴ͼǿշֱӱ飬ֽһƴܣİ׹飬ʥѪķɳȥǧѪҲֶѾû˷֮ڵһƬ
ûȻܹ׵Ļֳֵ۱Լ
ѵǳƶˣ
һ̧ͷ߽Сͷ
ԲǳˣǺӵĺܣԲܴá
㾿˭
ʥǹѪЩѵʵ
ܴ̫ˣ飬Ҫ޸ûмʱԲܣ
˵ǸĵСģ
Ʋûʻǵ۾ǳѹѹĹʥסѪ
ɼĶŭˣû뵽Щһﻹ浨Ӵ󣬸ͷĵĹ⣬ǲ

ʥϢˣֻл΢΢ѹŵԴϢǿȳѪɫҰ׵ĿŻƣһĨɻ󣬡ĵСӣ
װ⣡
ŭ쭣һƾʹ˹ȥʥһӴıΣźҲ漴³òҡ
࡭ϵʦ˷ѵ¶ӣ㡭ѵ˵ҵĶӣʥƺ뵽ʲôŻƣǿһħһһһƬ𺳣Щ岻˵
˰Ҳû˵ʲô޵ĴһҩԣĿˡ
˵ģ
ΪûпʥӵĴڣҲЩꡣ
һﾹȻԼħߣɲС£㲻þͻģòӣ
Ѿˡ
ʥ浹ڵϣǹһĨŨŨĿЦ΢΢ŵЩˮ֡
ʰôŬȻǳȫͷһõԼһѪ
ҲħıӦɣ
ôģоǻ⡣
ͷĿ£ǲֻ֪ǣΪ˸ǱɱǣԵ
˵ʲô˼
һһ̶ȪΧ¶ȶǼٵ½š
ͷˣˣ
ʥоǿɬ۾ѵ˵
ʣ
۾һɣٴδŭһƽ˳ȥŭ㵱Ϲӣͻڷӡ棡
ܹĵɽڣЩһɼ޵ǿҪľ
ȿȣ
ʥѪҲôĽеˣͷĹҶӵˡһжͷıͲ߻õģȻôܽħóҪˣˣ
߰ŭüͷһȥˣתҪȥɽȷϵʱһӰҲռ˳
ô£
ɨһǽĳ棬ӶŻƿʵ
οܳˡ
üͷص˵š
ڹʥһ֮£˶ԵɣɽϸӦһ΢˿
ãͷһֲڷӡˣȻ罫ң˭Ҳ޷ѹ
ӦǵıӦ
ʥѪвĴţˮݺᡣ
֪Լһ׵ľˣ


1114 
ͷǿ󣬻ƣӣʥ˶Ƿǳӳ˷ӡԻܴ٣Ϳ̿
ΨһֵҵǣͷȻӳ˷ӡǣһֲħܣȴǱ˷ӡڣҪǿʱڣ޿ܣ
ңĿǰʵֻҪҵټշɱӦòѣ

ǿ޺ĹʥƲɵ̾һŭ𻺻ĳȥ
һﲻɥڴػ˾ʱ䣬ֹͷ᲻룡

ȴЩߣŭڣּ䣬һɺƥѹ𣬿ռ䶼ˣշȥֱѹڹʥϣ֮ѪĭֻڵȻâȥǣȴ˿
㡭
ƱҪŹʥһ·ȴҲû뵽ӻ˵ߣһʱҲֹǿʥѾըˣ΢΢ţҪ˵ЩʲôȴҲû˵ڡ
ϾѾˣ˵Ҳûʲôˡ
ৣ
ӾûĻһһץץУɫ΢ͣⶫûȥӡ޹һ塣
۱Ǽ´ԸԼľѪɣŸûá

΢˿˵ͷӦ
ÿһ۱ʵǼµǿܺ嫲ƥУֻǣҲҪöˣʥ־ˣ㽫ȫѪڼ۱Ҳֻܹһĵѡ
ڹһȻ𣬵ǣȴʣһˡ
ʥӣ
ȻΪͷ壬ǣȴǹһˣܹ
ʱͷһָǰľ磬񣬽Ǹ绢
ԣӡԷһ
벻ͷﻹһ֣Ȼĸˡú佫ٴܴˡ
ӽ۱һĨâе˵š
ǴȻͷĻħߣֶҲҪֱ
Щ޵ŭһ˵ڴ٣ҿδأͷȫΪӡڣҪָľ磬ûиǧǲܵˣ
ǧʱ䣬תۼʱҲû˿
ҡҡͷ̾һ
ͨǿ˵ҲһǧʱһǶ˵һǧ꣬Ҳһգۼ䡣
Ȼ˿ֹ
ն˵ǹһĨЦ⣬ڻɻĿ˵ɱǸСӡ
˵Ǹ֮Сӣ
һĨ⣬ҡҡͷ̫ˣɳͿ̿ˣңпΪͷĵһĿꡭҳɳҲ޷ɱ
ٺ٣
ƳһЦһڰɭɭݺֻۣҪСӳɳҸ㣬ͷھ͵ˣ
Ŷ
һĨΪ⣬⻰Űɡ
뵱֮꣬죬۷ǿߣǣȴҲ޷ɱͷһСë֮ܳĳɾͣ
ǾԲܵģ
Ǹһ˵Сǰѭ֪֮ѭ֮
ЩĶԻʵ
Ŷԭ㻹֪
΢΢һϾ͹һĨϷʵЦź˼ΣŻ³֣£
ߣ
Ӳ޵ĺһһأһֱҧزɿڣЩˬ˵ѭ֮˵ȻǺ£ǣС˵ȴãʱ޷ѭ֮ҿ㻹Цĳ
ȷֻҪܹѭ֮ˣϣλǣȴǲͬģ䣬Ҳûд˭ֲܹͬѭ֮ȻѾһ֣żѭ֮⻹ûʲôٻЩϣǳ֮ѭǾͱˣԺѭ֮ĿԲٷ֮һ

ƿڴЦƣǲǺ£ҵܲЦ󣡡
ڴһ֪Ǵû˸ȥѭ֪֮𾪵ĳʲôӡ
ڷûнʥףֻ˵ˣһҲţԣõƽʥףٸһһϲ
ǣ
ӲΪ⣬ƲƲ죬˵ڴػӡͷ㸺ȥ׷Ѱͷ٣пܣֱնݳ

Ƶ˵ͷʾͬҾˣҪСӴкУ
˵գǼҴҵȥˣһҲ뵢ֻӣߵ֮ڡ
Ŀ𣿡
֣һöڵӳڻӵϣںڵĹâӳ˫ãȻӣԵЩɭֲ


1115 Ϣ
ʥһɽ磬ҵĵλںɽһᣬû˸ȥҵˣ
忪սȻʮ۹֣ǣȴΪҶֶԸʥ˵˷ҵĲ
ֻΨһźǣʥʥӣȴһֱټõʮ۹ЩƲѡ
ʥǸǵʮ۹ҷɾ裬ӵܶܳǻᱻʥɱ
ȻȻûгȴû˶ٸ꣬෴ģ࣬⵹ʮ۹Ϊ⡣

һɽ壬վڵȥɽƺѾǿգǳ
ǷںɽפأҲǷǰںɽأǳۣɽϸǳ֮ԷұڴˣֻǺû䣬˻½
ǳϣһϵĹڴǳ֮ԣǸڶһظС
ڣ죬ڣڴ֮ϣƣ糾м̫ϳϣֱڴԡ
ʱȴǺܰû˵ȴЩƣʥû˶ǲ
ΪʱķҸûʥƥУͻأɱ㲻÷Ҿͻһпܻᱻ壬õķƶһֱһڲʱ˸âһ
ڣȫϣǼڻƵˣǸʥʹ˵ʵţԻƵֶΣӦܹԸʥŶԣֻǣһûϢ޷ġ
̫ˣ
ƻıȭͷק
ȻȥڷҺܷ⣬һʱƺѾ볬վͬһֱϣǣεͿԿĳ̫ˣ̫磬һʥܹвĵҵİΣ
÷ƼᶨҪǿľģһԼ˳⣬ҲԸټε
ʥѧǿߵѧļеأֻ£ָܹĶ֣Ƿģ
ΪǿĥԼս⣡
սһһεĽõķԽǾսһҪԣûս޷ȥԾԼǿߣ޷ӳȫ
ӵвս⣬ֻҪ㣬սⲻ𣬾ͿԷӳٷ֮ٵʵ
ңʥѧڣڶǿּǣǶԸ֡ļ⣬Ҳ似ؼԶŵؼֻҪлԵԵõ
ǻ˵ģԣƲ¶Ҫȥʥѧ
ϾѾʮˣǷŹεĻᣬҲ޷ʥѧˡ

ͻأģһƿ˴˵ע⣬Ƿ׷У˲˹֮⣬žɫ
ֻ޼ʵռ߳һݵСͷɨһۼˣֱ˷ߡ
ôأ
Ƽһأû˵ƤЦһӿһɲԤУЩٵʵ
һϢһϢ
һ۷ƣĺ˿ǴЩɵ˵
˵Ϣ
΢΢һ֤ɨã˵
ʥûҵˣ
ƹûͷ·ƻᵣǣҪһͬȥ׷ɱҪǷνȥʥѧĻᣬҲûа취Ūȥ
һ˻ʡ֮µĹأ޾һֱûиıȻ⣬ҲԽء
ʲô
ɫʱ䣬һƬ࣬һɱϢھϯɨķ
ȻǻϢһĻ
ǷԸĽˣǵʲôʲôʥߣԺ󽫳ɴ󻼣
㣬ԤˣԣһҪɱϧȴˣ
ôһϢأ
һԵķ糾ƾþò㿪ڶŻʵ
ûнӴʥӣҲ˽Ŀ£ԣԹʥߣȴûжĵǡ
ʥѾˣ
һĨпҲЩɻ
Լͬ˽⣬Ӧòǳ嶯ˣô᲻˵ֱӽʥɱأ
ܾЩֵֹģȴҲûж롣
̫ˣ
Ϣ˷ƣһ˶˿ĿڵʯͷǷȥֻǼһֱһԣҲû¶ʲôϲɫ
Ǹܳȵˣǵ飬Բ򵥣ʥбȹʥĵλҪߣ˵ʥֻ²Ǹ˰
İɣȥѰʥӣὫɱº󻼣
һζԷƵĳƺʦȴʮֵļ


1116 ǰ׼
Ǿˡ
һ˵Ƴص΢΢˵ͷЩĿһۻƣŷ֣֮ǰЩһˡ
ǰĻƣʲô¶ɵӣûǣԴʥ֮һ֮ǰõķЩɻ
У϶Լ֪ԭ
һĨ˼ƲԸᣬҲûʣϾƶѰʥӣԼ͸ûǸˣ
ˣ
ƿȥҲЩȣƴкĿһ۴ӷһͷС򣬱ֻƿռ䣬һ⣬ʧ١
ǵѡ켫ԺУѭ֮鲻Ҫκἰ
ڿռ仺£ʱ򣬷һڶٿռʱǵѷѾ£ˡ
켫Ժ
üͷ΢΢һЩףȴǽƵҸϡ
ԼĵƣƲѣҲ˵
峤ȻʥѾôͿԽˣ⣬˽Ϣ֪ͨһʮ۹
תһԵķ˵
ģȥš
˵ͷһ̫ϳϽһߵ˵ͷͿٵȥ
ˣ˲Ǻ˿һۣǿЦ
һ̫ˣɽЩϵȣֻһδСѣȻ츳ߣǣϾûɳ
жһֽȸУҪԼʵֻҲɽ磬Ҫ֣
ƣ֪֪ʥѧԺ
ڴº󣬷ǶԷʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ˵Ѿ֪ˣºҶʥѧ
ᶨڱصõľģ
Ҫ֪ʥѧҪǿɲһĸߣʮڣ뵽ʾ磬㣬ӵڶ˵Ҳʲôѵ飬ǣֻҪѣֻܹñĻᣬ˶ѣ
ʥѧĿ飬̵ףʮ֮ڴﵽʾǣܹͨģǧһ
Ҳ˵ʥѧڵˣǧһţ룬ˣʥѧô᲻ǿأ
ƶˣǴʥѧڳģֻмСģƾԼ˵Ļȥġ
ã
Щվĺãһ˫ڣЩǹ˸
ʥѧǷǿʱڣܹһ˽ȥǶҫ꣬ǳ۾Ƿҵһʥѧˣʥѧڣõָ֮㣬ŵ֤
ڷҵϣҽʥѧˣҲʮ˶ѣǣȴд˵Լܹʥѧܲ
ֻҪܹʥѧɾٴθҶһݱϣҲԺһǿߣ
ƣҵҫͿˣ
ҲЩվŷ˵
ǼţûʲôǷư첻ģʥѧţһԽȥΪҴҫ
ڣ峤λǷģֻҪڣҾͲκ˶ҷң
վţն˵
֪ԼϵĵжأΪѹ˽ĳɾͣԣѹ෴ģѹԽԽ
ı֤õ˶ǰ糾һԣĿԼӣ˸Ժɡ
󣬷ڣҲ˶ԼҪչأԺҵ飬ǽ˷糾̫ϳϴõķ糾ЦоǷԤıõġ
Щ糾һֱŷ촦ҵʱ䣬ڴϣѾڷˡ
ȱǿߣ糾ҲΨдӦΪҵĴ峤
֮£Ĵϴ֮䣬ȴǣϴ֮ǽʥѧ֮󣬾Ҳûںɽֹ
ԣҪҵϵټҲʥѧС
ʱ䣬ݣںɽĴ̽Ĺգֻǣźȴûеõżʥ
Ĺϡ٣ҲһΣĹܳʥļʣҲ΢΢ʮĹҲûʥõķΪա
ѵҪ˴𣿡
ʱƲţֻȴûи֮ж
ҲΪûеõʥ֮ܲܵõԣЩҲֹͣϣ»췣
ⲻǿЦģ췣ֻ·һ
ʱĺܿ죬תۼ䣬¾͹ȥˣһµķ籩ںɽڹչ


1117 
ʥѧѧʱڣoѧдõѸٵ𣬳Ϊ۷֮һ
Ȼڸ½𣬵ǣʥѧӰȴôĳȻû˸ȥۡ
ɽȥԤ½ĸ֣ʥѧ涨ģԣ޾ûȥΥ
ʥѧÿʮ꿪һΣ㣬ɽ֪ԣڶţǿֵˣǰʥѧĵص㣬ʥǣ
һû˹Ĺųǣǣȴûκڳ£Ǹ󳬷ӵҲʵʵģǡ
ʥѧУûиߵ֣֮ƽûûκ˻ȨֻҪʵʣܳΪʥѧѧԱĹƽһΪǿߣ
ȻҲʶˣ
ϾԴҲ޵ģ˷ͨϣԣʥѧѡοˣҲǼΪпġ
ʮ꿪һΣҪʮﵽʾ磬ɼÿһ˶ֻ߱һΣαʸ
ԣÿһʥѧʥڶΪ³ڳⶼᱬԣʱ򣬱Ƿ֣Ķ飬Ѿӳŵ˳⣬ͬһӣβʧԶƽԭϡ
ʲô취ΨŶӣû˭Ȩģ˶һ
龹Ȼôˣ
ڷƲվڶ󲻾ãһΪŵǴԶƱǾ쵽һվԼģоǴһɽһһ޵ǿľȴһ㶡
ΪоЩϤʲôط
ǸļһȻôٵˣŶҲϺüˣ
ֵģܴ󣬷תǼһЩϤӡ
һʣüĿֻȴЩܼһֱĳˡ
㣡
ƻû˵ͻأһͫ΢΢һоȵĴг
Ǻǣû뵽㡣
ƴһĨЦݣҲĸ⡣
ǰӣڱʥ֣ǵõʱһﻹԼҪԵģ󣬻ԼһԵ
öɫӣ
ֱڣҲöɫӾΪ񣬲ھż֮ҲʥڴڣûʲôףԷһֱҲûϣֻǶһּ֮
ֻصĿУҲ֪ݣ˼֮һлӵܣл׶
Уӵлʣ壬һΪɲ⣬ڻǿƥûжٿ֡
ѹ˾ܣƲ֪ܵڣȴǿ׵Ŀơ
۷壡
ô
л׶Բ۾ÿŷƣĿڷɨɨȥЩΡ
Ϊ׸˷ƣԣԷƵӡǱȽ̵ģһ۾˳ֻȴ֪γƺѡ
ҵʱԿ׵ĿƷƵΪԣһѣڷƵľ磬ȴǼһ
ҲǶ̶ʱ䣬һˣȻѾ׷Լˣ
ңʣα׼Եģ
Ժ̾ţʾԼҲ벻ס

΢΢˳飬˷ۣû˵Ȼģ
ôĶӣң˭Ϊ˺ŶӰԼ
⡭ҲԣȷﵽʥѧĻҪˣ
л׶㶣ǵ˵ͷЩֵ˵Сӣ濴㾹Ȼô׷ˣٶȣۺ찡
仰ϣƻĳԱȽѣˬǳһЦ϶顣
ȻŶû˼ӣǣȴҲû˸ҲʲôģȻȺŭɲģиӵΪӣ˴˸󻹱ʥѧȡ˱ʸǴ¼ԺҲû˸ȥðա
ˣһ֪ʲôˡ
л׶ſڣҪзƵʱȴǷ֣֪ƽʲô֣ǳʵ
ƣ
΢Ц˵š
һʼ棬;ãԸȽϿԣǿԳΪѣҲһܲ顣
񣬿񻰴˵еo֮һһӵл壬ԺɾͿ϶ͣ
л׶
֣һգ¶Цݡ
˵ôշ磿㲻Ӧռҵ𣿡
ջֱۣл׶Щɻʵ
ϴͿһռҵСվһģ׼֮壬ȻռҵˣЩ⡣


1118 ӵĺ
ȻǣǷҵˡ
л׶ôһʣЩ⣬ǽ͵
˵ڷѾںɽҲˣΪԴֳɵĹϵӦҲԼŶԣΪлҵĺӵȴû˵Լأ
ң
л׶һĨãڼȴûҵڷҵļء
˻½꣬ͱɽˣ˵ķңҲ벻лȻڣûרŵĵ֪ȻҲ
Ǵ¼֮ĳ˻ľţභ˲ǧٴΣڸ˼죬ȻҲûڷԴڵĴš
ȻҶ֪
Աȴ˳ˣдűĵ
Һܳ
л׶ɻˣԼ뿪˶ðôðһѵĳǿˣ
㻹ǹªţǰʮ۹ʥˣ㾹Ȼû˵
ͻãˣл׶Ժˣȴһ㣬ңܴ
ƣ֪ģϴΪǸһľһֱڣˣǸɱģ´һҪݺݵһٲУ
һἰǸһл׶Ļõĸղ˵ˣŵɫҰס
Ǹˡ
ôһ˵һ
뵽ѩ˵ǸˣӵСϹڤ塯һֹϵʣƺӦûʡ
ǣڸӦϹڤ塯ʱԼڵ侹ȻҲ궯˵ƺЩΪ֪ԨԴ
ƿܣȻл׶൱ֲ֤
Ǹ˭
ѹе֣Ѱʵ
ǡ֮Ǹļһ
л׶˵һֹסͻأĴչͷƣʵˣǸǸ㻹Űɣ
ӣ
һ˼һתܿĿ⣬嵭˵ûУˡ
ˣ
л׶Բ۾ЩżʵǶɲܸǸһȻҪµġˣˣ
ҡ
ԥͷһת˵սĹˡ
սĹ
л׶һ㶣ϱ¶ϲɫصĴһ·ƣЦɵƯʱʵҲôģٺ٣ӽսĹڣҿǼһôȥã
ЦĺܲЦֻ֮⣬ƺѾĳĪɫǵˡ

Ȼţû׷ȥ˿ɵʵöӡʲô
ǡ
л׶˵ȴǼʱסɨһܣŷصһЦ֮˾ͶˣϣǶһ˸ûãǲܸǸһõˡ
Ŷ
ЩûʧӦһҲûȥ
ʱҲˣǣѩʦȴǸԼǶԼãһˡ
ˣûʲôģҪǣ˰ӵһԼ˽ЩĲ¡
ˡ
л׶Щ泩ӣƺΪöӶˣЦ⣬ŷ˵ΣʥѧҿڱصãϵҲȥˣʱѧ棬㣬û˸۸ˣ
ܴ󣬲Ҳ˵ʵȷǷǳǿᣬȻҲҿºڡ
ǺǣǾͶлˡ
ƵһЦҲʲôĿˡ
ĶУһܹ˵£⵽ҲǼ顣

ֻǱѣƾͻһʱŶӣڣڵڶʱֵˡ
ʲô֣䣬Ϊ磡
ǼǴӣĶŷʵ
ƣʮϾ磡
ʵĻشš
⾼գڷɨãóһ˫壬Ǽ֮󣬵ݸһѾ˵ƣʮƲμӿˣԶȨ
л
ƽӹ壬ߵһԣл׶
ǿβĶ飬ưޣɽڣȱţ˹ƣαģһˡ
⻹ǱȽϱص֣
ΪǾۼһľӢţҲδϣܹģǸľӢߺӵܡ
ˣʵֻҪܹɹܹڶĿ⣬ܹȡȥ˵ҲĻԵ
԰ѡһļʼ㣬ܹ¼ʮѾ㲻ˣң͹żϼأʥѧѡһΣҲʮ˶ѣֵ˵ѡεĲпᡣ


1119 ҵ
ȻܳǣȴһֱûнֹҲʥѧĹأκһš
֣ס
ܿģл׶͵ǼǺˣ׶壬ŷ
ס
ҡҡͷǷһĨЦ
ڲôܻܹջ
ֲĻǶסһҲûʲô⡣
л׶˹ŷƵļЦе˵š
֪ΪΣܾãǰӣƺǱ濴ô򵥣ڵ׼֮ҲëȻĴһġ
ңϴֿǿˣռҵСһԵʱŻȥȷһ
ύһɫʵˣԲһ¡
Ǿʹлˣ
һƻǴӦ
α֪ʲôʱأѵ⼸Ҫ¶Ұ⣿ңǲڳڣһ˿ʱ䣬ľǿ޶ûˡ
л׶ͬǰ˼֮һлӵܣʥȻûʲôȨǣлȴҲһͿջרΪԼҵӵ׼ģΪ壬лҵĵλ֪лҿջڣһСԺ˵һˣʮˣҲ´ࡣ
һ·߱ģȻЩӵǣл׶΢ķſ׵Ŀһ·лҿջȥ
칬
һҿջϹš칬ͣ˽Ų
ôˣ
л׶Ҳˡ칬ʵ칬ıԺô칬
Ǻǣмˡ
΢΢һЦڴҸȥʣû
˵գǳ칬ջȥл׶΢΢һҲȥȴ֣Ҿʲôݣôֻʶ칬أ
ڿջſڣ칬ӵֱܱվҪʾ칬ӵܵƣȥ
λֵܣһ£λû棿
˽ǰƺǿĶһ칬ӵʵ
Ǵ飬½˲֪˲ǣɽ֪˿ǲ࣬Ҳϲ֪ûд￪
㡭
칬ӵܶһͫױ͵չǼһģһƬɫ

˾ҵķӦõķҲһЩĿʵڵĻܷ鷳ֵͨһ˵ˡ
⡭
Ǹ΢΢񣬶Ŀһ۷ƣ˿㿪˵ڴԵȣҽȥͨ
˵գǴҴҵĳſջȥھɫ٣һԺڲϵĻš
һĴ򶷣Ϊ칬һһ˵ĳԣӵУһսֻҪǿˣ޷ʱֳֻ̫Զһ۾ϳ˷
칬¶ףһսӣ˫ɵķġ
ƣ
εļס֡
Ƹ硭
ʱʹӿջڴ˳˱ǣõķǵЦŨˣſ֣һһŮ§ڻУڶĿ⡣
Ů˳Ůӣĸͬǹɫ㣬ǣĲɷ񹤾ɣһ˿覴
ΪŮ֮Ǹˣ˵̬һ񣬻һǾջ˿ڸ
Ϊ˵Χ쳹һЩصĺ
Ŀɱ˵ĻôƴʱѾ֪˶ٴˡ
һԵл׶ҲĿɿڴĿһĻȻʶǣȴй֮ԵȻûעǣȴϵãռҵС
ʱǿŮӣŷƵʱŨŨ⣬ޱ¶˳
õһӾЩ·ļ󣬶ǰһĻ޷͡
Ƚȥ
ȻҲ޹ǵĽЩ֣ǣһ˫˫еĿ⣬ȴ޷İõȥл׶˸кС֣һͬſջȥ
ֿ˽ʱ䣬ŮҲ˳ŨŨ⣬Ůֱڻˣ϶Ǵ糺ۡ
һ£λл׶л֣Ӧüǵãֵʱġ
ŮСԺ֮󣬷Ʊǽܵ
㣡
ôһ˵ϳл׶Ȼ죬Ҳûж⡣
ʥѧʮһΣл׶Ҳ͵Ĺȥ
Ҳл׶˸к
ҵӣ
һЦݵĶл׶ţõĺֱʯˡ


1120 
Ȼл׶˽칬ľλǣܹʥӵһԺӣ˵칬ĵλܲһ㣬ͬʱ޸ƣл׶ѾǺѽˣ磬ռҵСôҲһͬ޸أ
ռҵ˽⣬ռҿ϶ܽԼҵСһĬĬŵˡ
ƣ
һеİ֣һϤӣԿ϶ԼǸһ֮ǰûгôһҲ˵Ӧ⼸ʱڲġ
л׶벻ףҪɣǣŮʱߺҸɫ˵˵ʵ顣
Ǻǣϲ֣ܹȢλĽ
ܿͻعûʧ̬ŵ΢Цŷƹ˹֣һĨ˼顣
ӣеĸӲ򵥣ܹס칬ıԺ˵ǵѾõ˸߲
ʱҪ֪ǣƾôģ
Ҳ˼䣬żŮʱɨл׶ҲʶȤûݣк͸ˡ
ʱ򣬷ȻҲͿ䣬ҲûͣͳһԵķȥʱʹԵõڿ磬糺죬ˮҲѾ鶯

л׶һصлҿջֱȥҲûãֱӴ˽ȥ
棬һӣһֽţ¼˵֣䣬Ϊ磬ʵۣţűƿҪŭȴʶл׶ǻһЦݡ
壡
л׶˸кԼߵһԵ£Ųһڡ
ӣ׵ĵܵܣ׶壬Ϊлб
һΪСӲأ
лбеֽŷ£Щʵ˵ڣȴǴһЩ顣
ôܲҪǱһɶļһˣˣ
һл׶ĻһĨ
Ŷ
˵⣬⻰ȴõлбһĨ졣
л׶ǿųģʵΣһܹˣһ
Ҿƺл׶ûֵʲôˣԵ±ʵʲôˣ
ˣ
л׶ɫһ࣬Щص˵ңǡϹڤ塯
˵Ϲڤ塯Ҳ˳飬һĨȻ
ʲôȷǡϹڤ塯
лбһȴסˣĿϣȷ
壬Ц𣿡
л׶ûİһۣ뵽öӱӽսĹڣȴ泩
ȻǡϹڤ塯
лбתųâȥȻϢ
ʱڣ
֮֮񣬾ڤ
֮񣬺ʵģλߣΪ˾żܹ֮嶼ҲǺɽ
֮֮һ޽Ϊ磬֮޽磬嶼Ѫܣھż֮
ԣ壬Ҳ֮Ϊһ塣
ڤ֮һĽ֮֮ŲУڤʣΪ˳֮ΪϹڤ塱
ʣɼжôǿл׶ʱܹ⣬ȫΪƿܵԵʣ
񣬡Ϲڤ塯Ѿ֣֮壬֮壬ȴûκѶǲ˵磬ҪԾΪˣ
뵽лбüͷ΢΢
˶壬ʣ֪֪ң
뵽ԼĿģл׶ֱӿʵ
ң
ԣлбعһǵ˵ͷֵǸ˵ȥǷҵˣһҪס𣿡
ʲô
ⷬõл׶һ۾Բˡ
ԼȥǷҵˣҸжôǿôһԼôû˵أ
ô˷ҵˣ
лбüͷ壬һ֡
ȻҪշңл˵׾٣ǣһұԴͷħʧأԴã
ԣʱ˷ҵˣôлҺпԴֳϣͻ١
Ըģ
ûа
л׶ҡҡͷлб˿ԷҸǺˣٴ׷ʵ˵壬Ҿʲôͷѵлһǿ
⵽ǡ
лбһۣȷûǵңǽ͵ǰɽһ¡֮ԴԴֳǷ˵㡣


1121 Ҳһ㣿
ʲôԴķֳɷ˵㣿
лбһϯõл׶𺳵Ͷϲ£ˣĿĿԼ壬ȴûп㿪Ц˼
ôܣ壬ⲻܰԴķֳôǷ˵أѵͬ𣿣
Щٵ׷ţ˸
ΪлҵӵܣԴڵһУ൱˽⣬ʱлб˵ģɾЩΥ˳޷š

лбƲƲ죬˵ˣֲԿ
⡭
л׶оԼôԽԽͿˣѵһܱȵĹڶ೬ɣôһӴǴðģ
ˣǵñȥǷҵ˾ͿˣȻ鷳ġ
лб˰֣Ķš

л׶ع˵ͷֲǳԱûȥǷҵˣ˵ˣƵĹϵ壬㲻֪ռҵС磬ͷҵߵһˣ
֪ˣǰ׵ģʱһȥһ˷ҡ
лб˵ţϵϿ߿ߵͷ

л׶գ۾ԽôҲת
Ҫ֪Ǹ󳬷ϲ£Ϊ֮һлңɳһʹ߾ˣлбֵλȥأ
ʵģ˵׵ˣѾлҲòӵĵزˡ
Ǹһô
һȻԷƵԽԽ棬Ƕлбٴʵ壬ǸƾʲôݣΪռҵС޸أ
Դģ˵ռΪʲôҪ޸
лбЩû˵
Ǽ˰ǵ뵽һöã˹ȥδ̫ˣԣҲֻĿ칬칬ռˡ
ʲô
л׶ƺûһĿ
ôʶƣ
ɫУлбһЩǷеϣʵ
½ʶģʱһ𡭡
л׶ʶεļ涼˵˳
СӣɵƯ
лбһ¶ϲɫ˹۾ȵļ
壬˵Դģô£
л׶оèץޱȣ󣬾лбһϸĽͣԵɡ
Ǽһ𣿡
һ˽ˣл׶̲סǳ鴤ţһƬ
ģֻЩֶζѣͷħֵĹͣʵҲһɡ
лбļοҪǵһֱѺõĽʲôҪܹģ
Ŷ
л׶ЩĵӦһ䣬Ļȴûȫš
ʵһˣ˭飿
϶ʵʵ
л׶һĨĹâ޲ҪܳȥƴһŰݡ

ڱڼڣŮһֱû߳СԺ벽ŮɫһֱǺ˵ģˮΨһһεĻΪǣԼ˵ȡţ˶ˮ֮ŮҲûоܾʱǶԷҲ˼Ϊ칬ԤԣôҲ뿪ơ
ֿһˣֻҪܹʥѧֶܹܹ࣬Ϊ
磬ʥѧӦöû⣬ΨһʵȻеĸ֮ˣȴҪ࣬ԣ⼸ڣİҲġ
ƸģʥѧĿǲͬģҺһϹźϻ֮Ŷܹͨˡ
ڷἰʱǽ͵
ĸʵ˵ȻѽʥѧһϡеϹźϻ֮ǱԵԣǽϻ֮ʩչ쾡£ȥ֮ʱ֮ھͷŵ죬ɼ׺ϻ֮ˡ
ڵУҲ˽⵽ʥѧѡι
Ψã
Ⲣ˵Ϊ߾ܽʥѧҪ˵سʵսۺοˣÿÿһģǲͬ
ԣ˿Բμ˫˿ĿֻҪͨˣͿԽʥѧ
ôһͣƲǷˣ⼸ڣ˺ҵأڣǻᴫһЩ˿ڸ
ıǹȥͳƣα˾Ȼнˣզ಻ѣ˴ۼ
ڵ磬ʥѧ˸ʾֹտʼˣԣ糿һ磬ɫǺڳģʥǴ㳡ϱѾվˣѹѹһƬǸŸɵӵܣȴǰ޹⡣
Ůл׶Уȴſ˵Ŀʼ


1122 ͵־

һʱʥų쳹һ϶ԣƺϴĹЧߣǾһһЩĲˣ˿̣ƽһɴֱվڹ㳡ϣȴſ˵Ŀʼ
ڴ㳡м䣬һ͵ĹȥΪϣµĲɣڴſϣһң顮ʥ졯֣Ծ磬Ǵ⹬ڴġ
֨£
һƵ죬ĴţĴ򿪣õӶһĿⲻԼͬĶǳŴſڿȥ
ʱһߣĸӴ˳
һɫ׷ͯգɫϽӣȥ֪ǸЦˣվûа˿Ϣ¶һͨһ
ĸͲͬˣȻѾѹԼϢǣȴǻһǿĲȻǷ֮
˳֮󣬲û˵Ŀɨȫûа¶ϲޱƺЩеӵܣҲǷ˶ѡ
šǡ
䣬ϾȻ쳹һƺ˶Ǵ죬ɫҰףмСһֶȥɫЩ͡
ɨȫʱ򣬷Ҳоһɼǿѹֱѹļͷ֮ϣ΢΢һתսһɿսֱӾɱѹϵѹѹ
Ŀ⿴Ůʱ򣬱Ƿ֣˽糺һƬҪֵʱΧƺȴͣ
ףʥѧĿѾʼˣ
ѹѹȣÿһ˳ܵĶһÿһΪ˶᲻ͬһصĿˣʣǿһ˵־
ҪΪǿߣֻ츳ʸߣиǲеģһ˵־ʵܲܳΪǿߵҪҪأ
ԣƲûȥ֣ȴŮԼȥѹ
ȷһضˣȥ֮Ŀأ
ʵҲһκܺõĥᡣ
ʱϣʱȥȻƽ˾ǣʵȴӿһǶڿţû˭ӦԣǼʱ䣬̱ȥ
˵УвϾˣ
˵ʱ򾳽粻һУÿһ˵־ǲһġ
һȻǹﰡ
һԵл׶ķûһվһĨȻһɾ޴ѹòרĵڵѹ
ڹ㳡ˣȻЩɻ󣬲Ҳ˹߶ȴûиеʲôףʱﲻɵĶʥѧΪˡ
ֿѹСʵ̫ˣڳˣ˭˵Լĵ
ʥѧĵλ϶Ҳͣ

ͻأٵѹһѹʱ򣬲̽󣬻𲽵ļأƺ̽ÿһ˵ļޣ־ᶨģȻܹһֱȥЩ־ˣǼͻ̱ȥɫң
ʱҲ޷ȥŮˣһתսǿѹԿš
ΪͷϵѹҲ𲽵ļţһֱڱƽļޣ޷ˡ
ף
ſڣߵĿĴɨţͻأģͽĿֱͶŵ˷ƵϣһĨ⣬һš
ƾͱˣֻоͷϵѹԽԽ󣬾һɽϵѹҲЩȥƶĺΣӶͷµأˤķ顣
ֻǣѹٴ˫ȴǼᶨˣֱͦһ䣬
е˼
ĻһĨޣ૳ȴһɫ˽
˿̣ƸоԼǽһռ䣬綼ڶԼʩѹսҲ޷ɱռ䣬âײ˽֮ϣϵ۶ϣǱѹһȻ֮£ÿһؽڶǷ֨¡ѹҪ
ǸǳһĨĻȵʱȴ˲任һĨ㵵ɫ
ǣ
һһɼս籡һһԭ΢΢ЩȥٴվıֱһɣҡʱǷâ¶ڶĿ⣬ҲǸĸӣǵڣ¶һĨɫ


1123 Ǳ
峿մӶ𣬽ů˼䣬ɢ޾ĺڰ˹
ʥǵĹ㳡ϣŽԸӵܣʱǺ֪£һֿѾʼˣ
ֺ׼ǰ£ѹ̱ȥصѪԣˡ
ֻǴʱȴûȥЩӵǣϣ˶ڿļţ󲿷ӶȥһĴ죬Ĵ𣬸㳡ƽһֲңսһ
ʥѧĿ֮пᣬһ̣׵¶š
ȻЧҲǼãڶûо紵һǣûʮӣˢˢ̱ȥתۼ䣬̭ǧ֮ࡣ
һ־͵ˣ̸ʲôΪǿߣ
츳ٸߣٺãҲһ࣬ǽʥѧôὫЩϣ

˿̣磬ڿļţסĲţرҡҡ׹˿̣ȫƾһͷڼš
ҪԼĺƸһҪϺȣ
ֻҪһƣһ־ɱһΣĳǰǿһһεļ
磬˵Ҫ΢ҪһЩ
ϾǵĵӱȽϺһ㵭ĵ绡˸ţһ̣һʲĹ°Ϣ¶ǿѹΪɵվ
ʱЩ飬һһһֳ׵ʣȻͣǣɽѹȴ˿дգᲢãҲɽ֮ƣ
ִϵƣǲǣǣȴƺѹв£һӣѿţһɳΪһŲ
л׶һ˫۾ѾһƬͨ죬ȼһһǿıϢһ籡ĻɽһƼĺƴµĵҲͨһƬպһ˱ֱĴͦ
õԭڷϵĿʱתƵ˵ϣң㳡ϣڶطҲѹı£Ǳܣʱһ󾪺
Щǡ
ԭעƵߣ˿ҲȻתƵĿ⣬ǵϣ¶뾪ϲɫ
Ȼϳʣ
ĿٴתطϲøŨȴѹֵĺܺãû˷
ߵעתˣƲѹӣֿĻĿɨһŮһĨɫҲ
ܹĵŮƺڽĳɱ䣬ѹϴţǵ־һ¥
ԣʵһֿ˶־ᶨ˵Ѱǣ־͵˵ȴĪĺôţֻҪͨһֿ˵ˣܹܲʥѧԺ󶼻һݲ׵ĳɾ͡
ʱ֮󣬻ܹվģѾһˣÿһӣʮˣϰ˵ȥǶǾƣˣȱˮһڵϣסĴϢţԣһʱ󣬻ܹվŵģֻһǧ˶ѣ
⿴Ʒƽ˾Ŀˣȴǲпᵽ˼£֮ǣֱ̭⣬˲ס̾Ϣţпţȴû˭ʲôԹԣҲҷԹԣΪ֪ܹµˣһ˶ѣֻûϵ㳡֮ϣѾ̭˴롣
һʱǿƥѹǻļõΪ֮һᣬһǴվڵļ࣬ܶ඼¶ϲɫ
˲ٵͻƣл˲ٵĺô
ǸӦһĿɨһֱվڵȴһֵĿˡ
ŮҪйԣһǱͱ˴˽⵽˶Է⣬ڷƵһҩ֮Ǻܿͻָӡ
ʱֻҪ̱ȥˣȻ볡û˸ұŽҵΪǲʥѧȨ
ʱߵĿ⣬磬л׶⼸ͣƺҪЩ˵׼סһջĿ⡣
ڶֿ˿ʼ
Ļ³ûй๧ػ߹ĻֱӾһֵĿˡ
ʱĸӱ˳һ˹㳡ܣţǱǴӽָóһ貵˳ȥһӴĴڰճ˳㳡貵ĹâһɼǿĹ㳡ʣ˶Ƿ֮ڡ


1124 
һɼǿӿƻӦٴ۾ʱΧĻѾ˷츲صı仯
һߵɳĮһȥǰɫĻɳɫЩΧĿռҲһɼƵϢоѹһʯһЩѡ
ģ
ɨܣȴһҲûз֣ԭԵŮҲټüͷ΢΢ɨܣԼʡ
ˣӦþǵڶؿˣ
ʥѧÿһεĿ˶һ˸޷²⣬Ҳ޷Ԥϣڹ㳡ϣм֪߳һ仰û˵˾Ϳʼأ
¡¡¡
ͻأģǲƼʱڰ֮ϣĿŲϲĴء
ԭƽĵж͹Զ𣬾ʲô
ء
ԶĵĴһĹǼܴ֮ޱɭϢ硣
ȫһͷͷ֩һĴħޣȴֻʣ¹ͷѣϢһͷͷӵĶħһɭɭĹǼܹɣһ˫СС۾ڣâ˸
ʲô
ɫһϢϯõЩëȻ
Щ֩״ħޣȻֻʣ¹ǼܣǣЩĹڣȴ̲ž˵
Ժáޡ档ͫ˸˸ȼգһͷޣӦһ֮ȴǷ֣Щ޼󲿷ֶﵽϾĳ̶ȣ
֨֨
һ䣬·һͷͷĵ۾ֻצڵһţǳ𣬳ŷɱ˹һֻֻצâ˸˸һĺ磬ץϵĸҪ
Ѱˣôһץ϶Ǳʬ
ǣ
һһǿʹ籡˳Ӳӣһսһ䡣
ء
꣡꣡
ȭͷӶÿһȭȥǱװؾһͷͷ޺鵱мѩһȥΧ·ǲһĹм
ܿģٴηˣ
ЩмȻһεһֻֻޣٴγŷɱǰͺ̣һֱûͣ¡
õǣЩҲͨϾ̶ȣһֱûб仯Ϳ׵ĶԸˣЩ޽ƾǵĹȣҲ޷ƿķ
˼һƱڶصĿݡ
һأʵģ˵Ǹ˵
ҲǼΪҪģһΪĻû̫Ķ֣ȻܵĿ϶ĸġ
ݷƹƣӦǱΪϾ磬ԣЩ޲ΪֻһϾģ˵ӦҲһϾңȻǾ͸ûҪˡ
ӵм֮ˣͨϾǿߣҲǱذɣ
ңⷽƺһĿռ䣬ûκεԪҲ޷ڵģһӽָó侧ָֽƺˣ޷ӦָڵƷҲ޷ó侧䡣
ãЩڷ˵ʲôԸ磬һսնս󿪣ӿΧм͡
ƶԸɣɲ˾ͺɣ
ܹʮͻʾģʣӵм֮߸֮ˣԣһʼǶԸǱȽɵģʱһͲˣڵʣ
Щ޸һ˿һϢʱ䣬ǻһֱɱǰʱѣ㳡ϣ˾ͻѪģĴӰǸڵǵϣһɼǵ˺ȻǱˣֻǵʱֹͣѣȻڵľһˡ
ʱһֱڳţһתۼÿʱỵ̈˴ӴڵһǼΪң϶ǴĿЦ뾪
ǺףΪԼǷڣѾһεˣ
⻹ڿˣѾˣԣҲûʲôźģ෴ģ࣬ԼȱڣֻҪŬֲܹģ
վڴſڵߣȻû¶ʲôµϢǣһ˫Щǵ۾ʱȴǼΪһǳһ޵ף˿һۣ궼ݵĴ
ʱվԭأ̧ͷֱŰеĴ󣬺ǿ˲谭еһһ


1125 ֲӰ
ˣ
һ貵Ĵڹ㳡֮ң״УӨӨ˸˸ĹâһɴӣΪ嫣Ĳ
ણ
һӰӴ֮ڵˤڵأûзӦϵѪò۾ţмٵĺţϢֹϸĻļⶼڲţڵԪҲǿյģ˾ǱեһѾǽƣˣõԶۿ˲Ǵڵʲô飬õЩĿǵز
˶ףʵģЩ˱̭ˣ
ϣÿһἰֵʱ򣬶ɵľȻһϧ֮
ǿѾңɼţǣȴʥѧŵʸ񿼺˶ˣǸп֮࣬ͬʱҲ뵽ΪֻҪʥѧ߳ˣΪǿߵԭ
ȱģ󾫣
ʥѧҪģеţӢеľӢΪԼ޵еˣ
ȻΪҲռмƣǣҪ󶼴ﲻʥѧҲȡ
ʱ̭˵УͲŸţƣ߳˹㳡
һʱ䣬ԭһǧˣʱ̭ģѾǰˡ
߾ĿڴɨţżĳֻͣǣϽϣȴʼû¶ʲôһɫɽţȻϲû¶ʲôµǣȴһɶصϣ˺¡
ֿ˿ʼ
ĻٴδߵĿ³ȻǺǣȫ˶ܹ
վڹ㳡ܵĸӣһۣ˵ͷӡϣǷͼͻأͣ󣬳෴ķתţ¶ϣǴͬ
ʱڻߵڣҲǷ˺ܴı仯
һʱ䣬Ҳ΢Щ
ЩȻֻϾ磬ǣǰֻצȴǼǷƵһҲһİ׺ۣɼצ֮
һֱõķƻɣЩǲͨ鱦ˣȻô˵ɱ
ء
ͻأģǸ߸Ծ𣬻۵Ĺޣֱըɷĩڵϣһʱڣⷽ籭Ȼٴοһ
ֿ˿ʼ
ߵͻأڷƶһʱһӰǰղԶ۶ɣȻݣǣȴࡣ
ţ
Ӱ֮󣬷ƵڶʱһĨ𾪡
ΪӰϣȻԼ
һģһһģһĲƺվһ
¡¡¡
ͻأģǵӰˣһ⣬ŷƳ˹һ̩̹սһշѹ˹ȭͷ۳ŷƵ
ȭ
ⶸȻһһĨ⣬ȭͷȥ
¡
ȭͷײһ𣬱죬Хϯ˷Χ˻ɳҲѿѷӿȥ
⡭
ȭͷӴʱ򣬷ɫٴһ䣬ϮƷ˳ȥµ棬һӡ
ôܣ
ԼأԻڲȭͷھһƬȻɫƺǼһ
ûǵӰõģҲǴһǲڷƵֳķʽǱȭ
ԷƲŻ˾ȣΪӰԾһ
Բܣ
ٴγɱӰһĨâ΢΢룬ȻȭͷͳǵӰȥΪԵʣΧĿռ䶼Ǻ¡죬Ǵһģء
䣡䣡䣡
ȭͷϵײһ𣬾Ȼһֱƽָ£ƾȻռϷ磬ңʮȭײƵֱѾЩľˣǣǵӰȴ˿һһε۽ȭͷ䣬õķƵ
飡
һƾͱҷ˳ȥ׿⣬ʮ󲽲ͣ
ʱ򣬷ƼȷˣӰʵԼûа𣬾磬似һģһ
޷ţϾȻһһģһԼҲףʥѧģѵǻܴһ֮岻ɣ
Ʋţתܾڣзת֮ӿȣȭͷۣѾӰȥ
¡
һը쵱Уһεı׷˳ȥɻһĨ㵡
֮֮󣬴ӰȭͷϣҲӿһͬĲԼ


1126 սʤԼ
ߵڣ˿̣ÿһ˶ڿսţ磬л׶ˣǱԼǰǵӰƵĵʹȫڶطȴǷÿһζǱѹģǵӰԼΪ˽⣬ķʽԼطǵӰʹãÿһζǴԼǿ״̬
ʣ£ܲԿ
ǣΪ˻ýʥѧʸǶڼţ˼ţβܳɹȹοˣ

ء
ɳ쭷ŭ𣬾ХϯϣѿһƬǽ塣
ǵЩģӰսһȭԣľ춯أϵĴը
˿̣ƾԼվһǵӰһֱ۷״̬Լ
ܱȴҲΣ
Լŵ㣬ԷУӰƺްƿԣһֱƣΪ۶ٴιǵӰĹһֱûм£ܹǵӰأ
ΨһҵǣӰһֱ۷Լûκܹ
ģ⾿ô£
һα˳ȥǹһĨɫѪҺвɰ
ղţؿڣʱˣ˿ؿڿ϶ᱻȥ
սԼܵǯƣûƵ£ֻܳԿˡ
ܲףΪֿ˻˵֣Щ⣬ο˵ľʲô
һ־ڶôʲôѵҪǿ״̬Լ
ԽԼ
Ȼ䣬ԺһĨ⣬ʱƺˣֿ˵ݣ
²ûĻ֣ӦþҪԽԼ
ԭˣ
ǵӰɱƴʱǲٻˣ⼫ƽܾսͬʱ
ս
ս죬һؼ䣬ڽɫѪڣֱ۷壬ҪͻƼ£Խң
һսңܹսʤԼˣһһεʵǸ߷塣
˿̣ÿһȭӵ쾡£ԼܣսҲ۷壬һеǵӰս
ÿһαˣһһٴγɱȥ˿ϵʹˣ˿ȫȻˣʱֻһͷǾսʤսʤǰӰ
ϣѾǲٽһˣΨսٴͻƣսʤǰӰ
ʵһ˵ֻҪӵսʤԼˣȡͻƣͿͨοˡ
ǣȴһھϣ޷ͻƣϣѾﵽϵĵزҪͻƼֱܣԣ˿̣ѹء
ŮҲɣ˶Ҳˣֻǣǵڣȴû٣ǱǿǱ
ǿ˿ˣҪ֪˿ɶɳģȻȲڵһֿ˵ʱ磬ȡǰδе־ͻƣȻ࣬ǣȴһľģ
˵ʵ츳ϣ絫ǣ˵ģȴԶԶĳŮ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱʼѧ˾ǿҲΪԣŬʵŮġ
Ҫ֪Լһ󣬾ͻԽԽԶ
־õһһĻɵ
أ
ѩƬƬѪ㣬һǸƼһı׷˳ȥԶһѪ
ܵ˵츳ʣ̫ˣЩֲס
˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣο˵ķʽͻƸı䣬ԭΪϻܹ֮ͨˣ˭֪εĿ˷ʽȥ֮ǰȫһֿˣֻƾȥɡ
ѵҾҪʧ𣿡
۽ӰһƬ࣬ǿҧ´ٴվ
أ
һζײٴα׷ɳȥһĨʹҲ΢΢ЩƺҲЩģˡ
˿̣ѾʹľҲ𽥵ļ٣Ҫֲסˡ
Ƹ磬Բûа쵽
ǵӰʹԼľԼѾǿ˿ӿˮһƬƬѩͻأģȴһ
ˮУһƬƬѩɱ߽Ȼͬһ̣ͻȻľͱˡ
ˣ
Ժˡڣͻأľʹһһһǿס
˿̣һ˪ŮһϢΧĻĮϣѩƮ˫һƬѩףΧĿռ䱻һһĲƣǵʵ۷ӰȻôǹǿ˳ȥ˺鿪


1127 һͨ
˭Ҳ²ʥѧ˵ʲôΪÿһζĲͬΣ˭Ҳûϵһֿ˾ڹ㳡Ͻˡ
ڵֿ˿ʼ֮󲻾ãƤ׵ĴӴ󱻵ѯ˲ǵ֪˵ֿ˵ݣġ
־ģ
ʵּ򵥵ĵ˶ǣܹˣ˵ﵽʥѧҪˣȴ֮١
确־ѵ˵̭˵Щ˵־ǵĲУǾûгԽҵľģ
У
ңѰҲ޷ȣֻǣǵ־ģģ
ͨο˵ˣôϲ㣬Ѿӵ˽ʥѧʸ
ȻⲢ˵ͽˣȻΪλôǧʥأѵǵȴεĽ
ȻǣΪڿ˽֮󣬻һƴȡ
ƴȣֻӵнʥѧ˲ܲμӣΡ
ɱСҪ֪ڸ󳬷ƶˣδϻõһӵ˺պ£Ӷŵƶ˵ı
ң˵õһˣܹʥѧһٸѧ֣ѧȻ˲֪ʲôãǣȻֻеһеĶʥѧڣȻдá
ƴȵĹأҲͬһ㡣
ΪǵΪвһµԣƴȵʱ˵ΪᱻѹһϾ硣
κη棬ʶᱻͣ
ȻǲƽˣϾ˵ʣɲһϾܹġ
磬ǣֻȴһ˵ĸһεıԣǱһ˵ĸ
ÿһεĴȣ˴۽磬۸պҲΪʱ
ȻҲкܶΪԼӵܱѡʥѧӴδϻȡúΣǻǰδеҫ

ڻߵڣÿһ˶ǿԼѹһ㣬ѹϢ˴Ҫ³ԽԼⲻһļѣԣܹͨģֻҪɱܹл۷塣
ÿһӣ˵£ÿһ̣ʧܣǴӴڵûȥЦǣ෴ģܹߵ֣ѾǼΪˣһӵܣֻҪܹȹһֿˣԾͻᱻ󳬷ѡϣһΪӵܹŵֵģҪôǵõ˾ҪôǸ󳬷ĺľӢӵܣǵʵȥɡ
ΪֹԭһǧˣҲһ˶ˣң½ļš
£˵Խңǿ£Ͼһʱ̱۷Լ˭Ҳܡ
ԣоģǲеģңҪֱ£ͻҲͨ
ˣ
һ쳹˵ĿⶼǼ˹ȥһ˫˫ڶ¶޵ɫ
һѩɽһŮӣ˫ǣȴ͸¶żϢһλϹıѩŮ񣬴Ӵڻվ˹㳡֮ϣʱΧ¶ȶڼٵ½ţȵ£ΧƮѩ
ڴſվŵǸɨһ֮Ӱʧ٣ƺһСռڣӰ첻硣
˲һʱȴϢȣһɹɺƴƣģһһƺؼĳﹹһϵ
ʥף
ϣط쳹𾪺ʱǴһ
üһֲпĿУȻһͻʥףֱ˫ϲŰ
Ȼ˵±ͻһΣҪͻʥô׵ģ
Ѱ˵ܹͻʥףֵһҫ顣
ʦ㣡
칬Ӫڵӵǽһǳϲá
ûʥףң
Ĺؼʱ̣ͻˣͻƵ˳ľ磬ʥףӶ׵ĻǵԼ۷״̬Ӱͨ˵ؿˣ
˭Ҳûϵ飬ʵǿģ෴ͬ׵£ҲŲǰһ٣ǴʱȴǳΪһͨ˵ˣ
˵ҲЩϷԣΪǿҲȽԲȳŲȥǣȴͻˣһΪһͨˡ
µΧĺţǣһϲõĻȡ
ŮʵǴʱȴΪ˵еһͻʥ׵ˡ
ܸˣΪܹʥѧĺƸһˣãԼԵЩֵ࣬õġ


1128 Ů
ʱţϵ˴ӴڵҲɷĴӴ
ϣϲб
ܹɹͻƵģ٣̫ˣ˿̣ˣɹģҲʮ˶ѣбǰ磬л׶Ҳͨˣˣ칬ģ죡
ʣµˣԸĺľӢӵܣ඼Ǵû¶ģֻˣԸҡ
࣬ôģԶһܹġ
ʱ칬ȴǴͷ
ʱվڳѾͨ˵ˣѾˣԶԶĳ˿̣ŮڳҲΪ۵Ĵڣ
̫ˣǿеǳһȻڰǿУǣȴǹâ貣Ŀ
ǲңʵҲ޷ԣܹͨʥѧĿˣѾǾ߱˳ΪǿߵǱʸ
ˣԶڳĴһɫЩŹ֡
Ϊǿ֪Ůӣͬʱһˡ
ƣ
Ȼ칬ǣ˭֪ͬʱҲǷҵϱǷҵʱ£ǿ֮
ԣҲ˵ǸСķңȻӵʥѧǿߵıϣ
ѾСˣ
Ҫ¹ˡ
ĴǣжǴ
ֻΪԴ£УֻҪҲȥǣҲһֻ۱һֻۣȴôҷУΪҸûǿ֧ţԣǿΪ
ڲͬˣŮʥѧΪǿǳ飬ر칬ҵ˸ԣ޷ȥһ㡣
һԵл׶죬Ҳǰŷƹʺ˺ãȻܹȢɣȴ츳Ůӡ
һѾǼΪѵˣȻͬʱӵ
ţֻҪˣἵʣǣȻҲ⡣
һ﾿ʹʲôֶΣȻܹƭռҵС
л׶ܲף߸ϵռСΪλĸһСӵܣǿĵ㣿
ڷƵһУл׶Խֻ֣ǣȴҲûƣ뵽֮ĴȣǹһĨǳǳĻȡ
ⲻʧΪһκûᡣ
Ǽһô
ɨһл׶ȴǻûпƵټʱЩɻˣĴĳ
ھֿѾȥĸСʱˣ
Ҳ˵Ѿ۷ʱڵĸСʱҴ
뵽⣬ɵľһһĨ
˿̣ڣѾû˵ˣѾһֻǣϣǸߵĿ⣬ȴɷڴ֮ϡ
ԣţ
˿̣˵ĿⶼǷ˴棬аͨ˵ˣ
״̬ôһܡ
ǾǾΪһս
ԣԼָƣʱ̴۷Լţû˭˵ɡ
ĸСʱ
ʣ˭һֱ۷״̬ĸСʱģ
ԣܶ˶ҪЩˣ˭
ĸСʱȥˣаСʱڣѾû˴Ӵڳңͳƣڴڣֻʣˣ
㣬Ƹôأ
εСϹŵǣֱʵ
İɣƸ϶ͨ˵ġ
ѹԼеĵǣһĨЩǿЦݣƣοš
ǰһͨˣ
һԵҲսȭͷ׵ıݣҧžӨ͸촽
ƾܷأ˭Ҳ˵׼ֵĿˣ˷ʤԭлͨ˵ţҲҵ̭ˡ
ǲǿ̫ǿˣѾ޷ڽͻˣ
磬л׶˾ͷǳˣΪڵһֿ˵ʱǵǱ˳ԣССͻƣ˵ǲѣԣҲûзѶľͨˡ
ƸûͨҾȨ
ˮֱϵĴ󣬷ȭ΢գȻ󣬵ȴ͸¶żᶨ
ĿУƸһУûʲôĺƸ绹ҪʥѧȻҲҪȥǣƲܽȥ˵ȴûʲôˡ

һۣҲǵ˵ͷϴһĨ΢Ц
ǡ
һԵл׶һĻ֮Ŀɿڴþ˵
ʥѧжô󣬴Ӹ󳬷ҪȡһͿ֪ˣǣŮȴܹΪһˣʥѧ벻֮ͨ࣬ҲǼΪ𾪡
Ȼ䴫飬ǣȴǿԿ϶ԼѾڣ


1129 
Сʱʱˣڴڣɻûг˿̣˶ڲ²ţʲôˣܹڵֿ֮¼Сʱ
ʵģˣǾĿ£ǲͻƣѾǿ˼㣬ԲŲͻơ
ſڣ׷ͯյһƵǿյڣʱһĨ⣬һ
ɫϽϲŭֻ֣ǣϸĻܹ֣üͷ΢΢Щĺۼڵľ⣬Ҳ̫ƽֻǣεĺܺãһ޷ֶѡ
ɼڴڣǳʲôƽ顣
¡¡
ͻأģһڹ㳡쳹𣬾һը˲ʹȫǡ
һӣһ˫ܹͨرʵͫһ˺ۣطѪڲֻǣûиоһɫûа仯
ʵɵļ⣬йɵĲϣôΧĿռб쳹һװռ𶯣ǳܲĴһ˿ľƺͶ㣬ܽһǿϢõѾͨ˵ᾫӢҲЩϢ
ˡ
磬л׶ԵɫʱٴһһϵϢʼ
ȻӵĴڣҲоѹ
¹أգ¹أ
ȺУͻأ쳹ŲƺʲôΪɲһ
ʲô¹أ
⾪ƽĺͶһöʯͷ˻ʹóϲƽ
һеԭ򣬶Ϊ¹ء
Ȼ
л׶һĨĳɫڲԶĳԣҲһ˫кŨŨս⡣
ȻҲ¹صš
¹أһԶŵңң
¹츳ڼҲ֮Ϊ޵жįԲ߽˵֮ڡ
ӳ͵˱ȶ˸ľӢţߵģģ˺棬򳬷Ƿƣ
Żˡաţ
ΪտȥƳɼѾһɾҩĵزηֻҪս
˴ҵоӵһսˣ
ǣ𺳵ǣǶ̶һʱ䣬ʹǸ԰˴ҵľţͱϢ
󣬱ǴսŰܣŰսϢԽԽǿһǰǿˣһһĵ۷塣
ԣҪһţСǿ
ҲΪԣûԸսˣǳΪĵʯԣƣװûʧˣ뵽֮ȴǳ
֮ԣ㳡ľӢǣһɫѿ
˵ܹܲˣͻһֱ㣬һֱΪֹôһôȴ츳ˣ˭ͷʹ
ʱһһԾͱȼǰҪǿѾܹͨ˵ľӢǣоǿѹȡ
ӣȻˣ
ûǹƣЩǸĸֻҪѹͷϣͷѪǶȥ
⣬Ҫģ
·һ˫˫ŷȻĿ⣬΢΢ֿ³Ĺâޱȵ財
е˼
л׶ȻͼʱǱ¶һĨаȵĻȣһɱĳ죬ӿ֣һڲ籡Ļɽһ
Ȼ˵ȴûѣֻһӶѣ⵱ʱʢգȴĲ򵥣ʵѾˣѹҲ֪⼸꾿ȥʵȻ˵ͻͽﵽֲֿĵز
Ҫ֪һղſ۷ԼսСʱ
ţл׶ǲ˳飬ӣҲǺܲð뵽ЩֶΣǲܵ
ӮҲǷˣûӣʣ˭Ը򶷣
ǣһ뵽һαҪԣ˭ҲܷԣǻҪӡ
ңԭˡ
ԶȺеſڵߴһ¹أƺһѾָơ
ˣȷ߱˵۷ʸˣң㡣
ֻǣôһɨ¹һݣæҡˡ
һûг
һ䣬񣬲Ƿ֣ƺ˵Ӧûһڵֿ˵ûг
ʲô
Χ¹һ㶣ƺЩӦȻ»ܼţ


1130 ȭ
СʱȥûжͺһˣʧȥѶһټõŮǾĲѣûаͨ˵ϲãֻеǣ¹ҲȥƽϣһֱĴ֮ϣڴһϤӰ
һˣ˭
Ƿ׷ţ²ţ¹ػҪˣһӵܡ
ڳɨţȴǷ֣ЩǵϣǴһĨŹֵɫŲ죬ҲŸп
֪һûг˭һʼǾע⵽˷ƣΪˣǲòע⡣
ȻƱ¶ʵһֱǿᣬ෴ԵĺǣܹѱԴڵͷħ֣ȴõǲòɷǷԼĵơ
ֿԺС΢΢ǣȴҲûܹԵĿ϶
Ϊ¶ʵǾԲѱͷħֵģ
ΣҲۿͨ˵һؿˣӶ˴֮ڣʧ뿪ȺУҲûзַƵټŮʱǵ飬õǶ϶һˣǷƣ
ǺܲԸһʵǣȴ֪ҪôǳˣҪôʱڵֿмš
ʵľɵģЩڴΪ֮ɻһδȣ
ſڵĿ⵭ڳɨһȦͰȻǳƽǣȴƺһ¶õǲҷ
ɨһȦߵĿٴη˴֮ϣ˫ܹһУ˴һС

ڻߵ֮ڣ׹غռ䶼ţһƬǽ壬ǲŷ˴һݣѺûйĺӣԭĴأĿꡣ
̣
һ׵ըһӲӵӰڵһı˳ȥصټ
¡
ǰ̣ǴֱըӲӵӰһӵ³˳մ˽ɫѪҺϵ˺ۣŵĹȥ˺üȴǿһ˿ʹƳսƣΧǹһҵ쭷磬һĵһһ㡣
˿Ѿһжƾ豾ܿдʱֻһͷǾǴǰӰ
Сʱ֮ڣƲ֪ɳȥ˶ٴΣǣƾͷǿļţȴһľ١
ֻսﵽתսŻͻƣ㣬ƷǳԣҲ˵ʱȻǲңʵӰûв޷ܵѹųٳٲܽ뵽һ״̬ȥ
ҲΪơ
ǿᣬһǳ׵ᵽˣ۷Լĺ£ǼСʱҲ޷˺
ǣ˿̣ӵص³ɱ֮ģǸоѾıԵˣǣһսչˡ
ʽȭһʩչһ似һ似ľ豻ʩչ쾡£֧֮£ƺÿһȭܹأһɷƣԶӰȥ
̣
Сһȭͷҵײһ𣬱ĺռ䶼ֹǾκһ
ৣ
˲䣬һӰʹڱҷ˳ȥֱû뵽˵֮£ټ
ţ
ȻҲѪǣǻ˻ΣڰնʱԭڱһĨ
ղָоǡ
ƿૣȻּ״̬˹Ӷȥղŷָо
֮ǰһȻһֱϰԻʽʹȭӶӴ̶ܳȣǣ似ȴһֱܳ׵ĥϣΪһ壬ڸղţоˣһǳɵĳУʽ۳뱼ȭ׵ںΪһ壬˳ȥԲŽԼ۷ǵӰ˳ȥ
飡
һ䣬һӰٵĴӵص³˳һȭͽٴλ˳ȥ
˻
żȥ˵磬΢΢˿ڶʱһĨ
ȭ
ٴҵһǳɵĸоȭͷһͷϹһŨŨıϢһǰķƣɱȥ
һ浹ƴޱȵĳ죬ʽ뱼ȭںϱԼǰ۷壬ûٸǵӰĻᣬʮӣֱӾͽ֮նɱޡ


1131 
Եֿ˿ʼѾȥСʱˣȴɻڼΪһûг֡
˿̣û˻򶨣Ϊյ¹أҲһ࣬һ˫۾ֱֱĴƺҪһʲôˣȻܹ֮á
д˿ѾֵܷͨĿˣһҪ֮һսҪԣ˾жôǿᡣ
սŰܣŰսľϣΪΪǿᣬһּΪϵ壬ʱ֮Ϊ塯
ֲİڣԽǿĴԽܹڵǱܣӶļǿ
Ϊֹϵʴڣ¹زŴԭĬĬŵӵܣ̤һ۷壬Ϊľ
ԣ˿̣ĶˣҪһǿĶɱ򶷣ȻǱģȴûжֵȤ
¡¡¡
ͻأģһɼ񱩵Ϣϯȫõ˺ë޲
һűӣһϹʱĿ䣬£ӳƣϢɵľסһЩˣҪȥĤݡ
һӣӲӣһ޵һӶűױȵĿƣ£˺ۣؿϣȥĺۼǸĵܱشôһǿʣһ¶ɡ
ӣõĴ󲿷ȻΪӣ̫İˣǸûӵκ¼ƺôƽ޹ʵĴʯͷðһ

󳬷Ĵ֮ͫ׶΢΢չɵһ
Ƹ磡
ݺһͻأ𣬽˱ǿɵŮӣǳǵӰȥӯӯĽǷɶ˻һ
Ǻǡ
Ƣǲ¶һĨɵЦ⣬˲ȥ¶ʵ׳˶ſֱۣ˶ڻС
ˣǷƣ
ӵĻܶ˶¶޷޲ƽɫսȭͷʱͻأӾһ
뵽ˣǹɼǿƣǵµӰ
ˣԼܹģ
ȴģò츳ŮӣΪĶ󣬿Ǵʱ˶ͬһ°ߣܹ޶Եģûм
Ƿ״ڴ֮ͥ¶ԼʵɵӰҲǾ޴ģû˴˿̻ƽЩĴǿ˶Էڵľ
ԭһֱֻǻɣڣȴǳΪʵ
ûԼʵǣҲ޷ƣڣɷֲ˰ߣȥֻһƽ׼֮˶ѣڷǽӲһȴǸӦ˿Ǹһ
ɨãǲǷˣвɵЩȻ
һʾСǾȻƲʵⲻЩܡ
ڳϣйֵĳԣɫǺܺÿˮǵĶͷȥ
ٴαǿˣǿĲǿԵ£ǾȻԼǺˮȻں֮жԡ
ԭԼԽԽˡ
һĨȻȭͷս֮һĨᶨ
ԼһҪ
ǿ
¹ػţ˫ھ˷ܣǿʲôŮԼһɫõվΧ˶ɵ˲پ롣
һﲻϲеİɣ
һ뵽㣬˲񺮣Ŀⶼǳɫ
¹ȴû˿ЩĿ
ţ
ܵǲͬһĿ⣬Ӧһɨ˹ȥͷ¹ĴڣһЦЦȥ
Ȼ
Ů߹ķƣл׶ǲźۼĳ˳飬ʱЩڸţû˵ʲô
ֹһεĻɣڱ֤ʵ֮𺳣ĳһʱЩӦ
ϲʵٴδ
ѹе𺳣ŷƹֵϲ
ŸղŵķƣԺڲԴڵļ桭
ǸʱȻǿǣȴԶԶڵʮ֮һٷ֮һ껹ѹûз֮ʱȴӵ˾ѹԵʵֽȣ˲ɵľ;ѡ
ûмǰʵ˵ʱʾȶѣǶ˽һЩ˵ֳȣȴ̫ˡ
õӡ


1132 
ΣǹΪ֮¶ԼǿԷ˼ɣ֪ԼǺǵģķ
ǷǰҲȴȫûбҪˣΪҪʥѧˣ
ʥѧڣȫǾܹܵϵģϾʥѧÿһ˶ǧһľţ
ԣûʲô֮ǣθһ̲ǵӡ
ɫѪҺ
ſڵĿڷɨüͷ΢΢һĨɻ󣬲ȴǽǵӰԺУĿɨȫӣõԭЩСɧҵĳƬ̾Ͱȥ˵ĿⶼǼϡ
˿ֿ̣Ѿȥԭ˵ĳϣҲʣʮ˶ѣȴǴǰļ¼ˡ
õҲɵһĨɫ
εĿˣ׼Ҽලģ˿̵ĳ̶ȣԲȻ㲻Ϊ̵ģǣҪͨأҲԲôףرǵأ֮ѣҲرΪЩ׼ġ
־ģѾ꣬벻ʲô谭Щʵ۷壬Ҫģֻ·˶ѣģҪ˵Ļˣ
ܶණܶԵܿ߱˴ģҪԼȥȡܻõġ

ǵ壬Ѫ֤
û˵ʲôصĻһ࣬ɫľһ仯һ֣ʮö壬׼ȷÿһ˵Уû¶ڳϵ
ûнʲôǣʮǶǱƳѪ壬ȻСղغá
Ϊöʧȥ˽ʥѧʸǿ޶ûطȥˡ
Կʼ
ߵĮĿһУٴο˵ϧ
ˣ
վڹ㳡ܵĸ˴ָһһӨ˸˸Ŀռ䣬ڹ㳡Ͽա
ʵģռ䣬ƵģֻҪǽ뵽ڣʣΪǻᱻѹһϾĳ̶ȡ

Ц쳹˱ǼһߴӰȻԾ𣬵һ뵽Ǹռڡ
¹˭
˭һս
¹غſ񣬶ϵĽȫȻˣϢȣ˳ڵĿռ䶼ǱһſڿȣֱӾȫţõɫǲôÿ
ʱܹվģʣǸΪžѰǰĺܣÿһΨҶ𣬾ǿԼڵڣûп֣ʱ˵ƣôܵˣ
½һ㣡
һĿʣȥʮҵӣһԾȥ
Ȼǡޡ½ܡ
⣬Ϊ֣ɵڶľ
Ȼ½ܣҲʲô֮Ҿԡޡ˵Ҳһǵˡ
ޣǿѪ
ĺã
¹ظûЩţһǿҰһ˷ܵľ⣬һ̹һ½ܾշɱ˹ȥ
ȷ˵Խǿ󣬾Խϣģ
˴Ȼ죬־طϵʩչϣʱ׹ضҪת˹һͲһϾڴ򶷡
У¹ƾԼġ塯һ·ɱռƣ½ܼûз֮һȭɳȥ߹Ƕ˼ܵ
˭һս
¹ȡʤһ֣޶ţſڿȣһͷҰһâӲӵɨȫЩһһķơ
κˣҪԼǿĶ֣ܹõȻ޷߷ڵǱ
ҲϹĿ֮ҪǾͱ밤򣬶ҴԽݣԽ졣
ǻһˣȷЩܲˣ¹أȴУֱӽ򵱳һȤ
ʱһǷҪȥһս
ڱſպյ֮ƵЧԾͼˣȻжǲޣǣȴҲ֪գѾǵˣʧ˶꣬ʱ֣Ѿӵ˱ǸΪǿ
㣬ʵܹڵֿУĸСʱܹĳˡ
˵ʵĻܾһܹᲢˡ
ǾǸǸеİӣ
Ǳ¹ػҪܹôãʾԳͷһ¹أ


1133 صѩĮ
ڵţ¹ҰҴֱķʽŰ֮󣬳ɧģ׵ƽϢȥ
ȻƲֺܶǣȥŰһ٣Ǹ
֪ˣƨƨߵȥˣǲ¸ңǰ׳գ
ৣ
һֻһ׹ǼһµӾ¹ǰԶ
ûаɷϢΪƽһ崺ĸоһ˫ӣǳâת͸¶һصʡ
ѩĮ
л׶һĨ죬ૣƺµӳ֡
ţ
֣΢΢һ
칬ˡ
һԵΪ͵
Ŷ
һĨ⣬ǺȤĿѩĮӡ
칬гΪصһӵܹ֮ƹȥδһӵвԤ֮ôһصʣ˭Ըȥ
칬ˣȴһֱԺΪ󣬲ȥκҲȥʲôΪ칬أڳڳۡ
ԣʱѩĮȻȥ¹һսõл׶е벻⡣
칬֮ˣΪλ۵ĳأ
칬ѩĮһʵҲ
ѩĮһϹͣ˵˾һûǺеһǳȻȴǲȥԡ
칬ˣ
ԣǾɵĶǽĿͶϣҪ칬˾ʲô֮ͬ
㳡ˣһ˷ܲѣ׷״вУܹ칬˳֣Ǵһˡ
ƣҲ£Ҫ⴫е֮жôǿᣬųɾһҳ
ԭ칬ˣĺãһȭ˵
ѩĮҽ֮¹طǵû˿η壬෴ģ´ǣһ˫羡˷ܵĹâɰСȭͷͳѩĮ˹ȥҲ˿˶칬
ҵˣȻѾܶ꣬ǣڹżȴǵһϯλǵصǡգ
һ嶼գΪտ񣬶¹أӵԼȵĲգ
ôһ붼ͷʹǳҲԸȥһգȻʱͬͱһð
Ϊһѣԣ¹СȻ೬ǻȴ˽졣
Ǻǡ
ѩĮһʳ˼̻ϹͣŵЦݣֻǣ˫ȴתһضǿ籡۳һµͼǰԼȴ˫ֱһƵ΢΢ƮԵø
飡
¹ȴһͷޣȭͷֱӾͼ֮ϣ޴ҵıȥݻһУµͼǼ˰̣ͻɾ޴鵱Ϊޡ
ɲʧܣȤҲسͲܹһ٣ܹӵиǿ
칬Ҳ
һȭͼ¹ضʱЦģõ˶޲ȥϼţԼЬӡŰݡ
ţٴһ̫սһ¡¡ĳѩĮշɱ˹ȥ˿顣
ԴˣѩĮ˿գɣƮ벻ת䣬һµͼȻ۶ɣǰ¹ǰĽŲ
ʼգȴָûжһ¡
ι˵Сӣ㵽׻򲻴ôһֻ֪㣿
һʱ¹ػˣԲ۾ָѩĮһٴƺա
칬ضǿҪҸ˴һʱˣȴ֣õջ
ǺǣĪա
ѩĮûжŭŵЦݣ˵ţѩĮҪһģֻʶʶֵѣʱһѩĮѾ㣬ֵǿѩĮαԡѩĮ䡣
˵գ¹ش㵵Ŀ£ƮȻȥڹ㳡ϣһմ䳾ģ
ȻôˣǱ¹سһ٣ҲûаƢ
ֻǣ˿ȴûȥЦС£ӲΪ칬ˣأͷԡ
ҸղţͷβѩĮָͷûжһȴǵ¹ôãǸһظУû˸һǿ
ˡ
֪ΪΣŵѩĮȴûжøУ෴ģЩ졣


1134 һȭ
ѩĮûж֣õĳڴˣжǳʧܹʶʦֶΣȴҲõ㡣
ǿѩĮǿ¹أֻ˼Ҳм۶ѣҰ˵Ϊ
ԣѩĮȻ䣬ȴһǳǿӡҲΪһظС
ԣ֪ΪΣܾãǷ̫ˣ
ʱѩĮǲѴ֮һǿӡ󣬵෴ģ¹ȻӮģȴĳ
ڷУ¹ҰˣȴԵĿɰĶ࣬ϾƽԼʵڽⲢûʲôס
Ƿ˷ƵĿ⣬ѩĮתŷ΢΢һЦš
Ǻǡ
ҲЦЦҡҡͷûȥ룬ֻ칬ڲͬˣϾѩĮȥҲǸ֮ˣΪ칬ԼҲûжĲס
һУſվڵǸߣǲŲʣֻǾĿţƺѾûʲôܹӰľ

ѩĮˣ¹Ҳûа취һ֮ͨ󣬱ٴοʼˣǳƨģ˲ˬֻǣ˿ȴǸûȥˡ
Ͼ칬ѩĮǿˣǲȥҲûʲôģңӮҲûʲôô෴ģᱻϣòʧΪһ㣬֮ڶĿ⣬Ǽͬһ˵ϣУҲ˽е¹ء
ˣȻǷƣ
Ϊڷŵֿϣ˵ųˣӦò¹ͷ޲Ŷԡ
֣ȥСһ١
һԣл׶ڹƻţԾ¶Ļȡ
лֲȥ
ΧЩĿ⣬ҲЩڣ˵͸ɻˡ
ĸӦУ¹Ȼǿ󣬵ǣл׶෴ģƣ¹صĿҲУΪҲƲȥأ
ûе֪¹صϸķȴ벻װ
֣˶ֻʲűǿ㲻ȥ˭ȥ
л׶˸ȽϺĽڽš
ƸȥǼһһ˾һӶǷ˾
л׶һۣŶԷ˵
˾
ȻĽ֪ԵɣҲףΪγм˲¹أȴȥ򶷡
ҪˣȷǸ鷳
ȴûô룬෴ģ¹ϹܸȤڲţƴ鷳෴ģҪ¹ûĻ˽ύ
ѣŲۡ
ȺСٲһҵˣ
¹صĿŷƣǽͣ
ЩΪ鷳˺ܶ࣬˿̣һһʱϱɧ
԰ȥǽһøˣ
Ҳ޷ܵ顣
һᡣ
ߵŮ˸кԾ̨֮ڡ
գ
ʵƾãԼ¹ػ֮ͬսҲֻܸѹǿϣܵõĥ
¹صô⣬ܹԽԼƻǺڴģǲܳԽ߲Ͷһʵǿıڣ
ȥ˿ǶǴζĻȣΪҪùˣл׶ԣ죬ޱȵĲ죬벻ףΪη֪һѲΪλȥأ
ŮǷ޷޲ƽĵл׶һۣΣյĿ⣬õЦڿڹƻˡ
Ůǵģر츳ǿŮˣ
ţ̾ؿڣһڲѣʹģõŮһЦҲĿ˷ϡ
ԼĺƸ磬ʮ㣬ֻǲԸ˾϶ѡ

һȭ
ķƽ¹ضʱϲЩ߿ȭͷ¡¡ľͳŷƳɱ˹һͷϹžԼһƼΪƴ
ȭ
ˣ΢΢һĨȣɱ֮Ӳ΢΢룬ţĳ֣ʮػҵı˳ȥ
ʽ뱼ȭںϡ¡
ȭͷҵײһ𣬱ŷըռţȫˣĿɿڴ£һ¹أֱӾͱҷ˳ȥײһߵ̨ϲŵ
ôܣ
Ծʹʹֱ࣬أڲ¹أϵ˾ǼһĿĿһУһʱ䣬ټĹ㳡ϣȻһƬžš


1135 
ȻжףķƣϣԻǿ¹أǣȴûܹ뵽һεĶײ¹ؾȻͺ޷ı׷˳ȥõЩԽܡ
ǲ֪ǣڷʱ򣬷ͷջȥɣȻ¹صֱ۾ͻᱻ顣
ȻҲ¹ûжȫŻܡ
ˣһȭ֮£¹صֱҲľ϶һϸ΢ѷ죬ܵ˳õһƬȻ
ܹоĵǹǿᣬһ˲䣬Ȼ屻˺˵Ĵ
ãʹǿᣬȻһ֮£Իᱻǹɿֲľ顣
վǿʼǰ֡
˵ʵڵģǸط֮;ãѾûԼĶˣĿ꣬ʥѧ֮ڣȴû뵽δ֮ϻһǿĶ֡
̽һȷЩˡ
˻
¹һԾվ˿˦˦ûֱ֪ۣʹӣָſ£ճȭͷԶķƴ˵СӣȻô󣡡
˵ʵڵģȻݣǣȴҲֻһ㣬¹Ȼ͵ıɺ˵ˣ߻أû취ȡ
ǺǣҲǿ
ƴ΢Ц˵
Ҳܲ죬ɵҲСˣ൱֮ǰİر׾ǣ¹ȴûѪɵ¹¹صʵ
壡
ȷֹϵܹǿᣬʵҲټˡ
ٺ١
¹غЦһھâ˸˸ǵû¶ηɫ෴ģȴǺΪ˷ܣӶЩ
壡
߶һЩϵͻأģϱǱŷڹǽһ˸⣬壬һֱӾǸɵһһּ᲻ɴӾһɼ磬嫺ɽƴڱӿΧ׹ռһԶʱһ£ġ
һ̣ϵѾӵ˼£Ҫǿ̬ƻ壡
ٳһȭ
¹ؿڣףƴһԶսշƥڹ˸˸ȭͷͳŷȥ
ĺã
ƻһ貵Ľⱬƿһɱ˿壬ۣʮؾǺˮᣬӿصƣӲȥ
¡
ȭͷٴײһ𣬾ը죬쳹ȫǣ˶죬ǳˮһ֮ŷ˳ȥ
飡
һ¹ٴαҷ˳ȥײϣһѪֱӾ˳ڵشѪģܹɭɭĹȭͷڵһ¶һĨȻ
ǹһ˲ڴݻȥңķҲƳ
⾿Ѿǿһʲôĵز
˻
ϣΪ¹ٴα׷˳ȥһһӣӽʯˣһ˫˫ڣǲ˼ɫ
壬Զ񻰵УǶһּǿʣʼ棬ʱҲ˺պΪգʱҲΪ֮ͷ۵һһʣЩۣɵĲ壬ǻὫһڹ֣ʱ¹ص״̬û
Ҳ˵¹Ѿ˴ɲ壡
ǣȻǰˣ
ɼǸȭͷжأ
Ǿʲôʣ
˿Ż貵ķƣжһʡ
ڳĴǷԺڵļ䣬ҲûҵκιⷽļأʱΪ֮Ȼɨһۣ΢ҡҡͷǹһĨЦ
ԭΪԼѾ˽ˣҲ˺ܶĹ㣬ǣȴû뵽ǵ͹
ر칬Ǹˣ칬Ըѹûз֮һֻǷһȭԽˣ
ⲻŶ̶̵ʱѣôô죿
ɴˣɵĸоһһƬȻ
̫ˣٶȣ
ͬʱȴЩңϾ칬ĹϵܵģֻҪڣ߾;Բܵжԡ
ͬʱУɵľٴζԷˡ
꣡
л׶ǲɵһ鴤һԵĳԣԶһҡ
Ƶǿ󣬳ǵԭѾӽ˵ĳһķƣһ̣вɵһɴܸС
ԼڽǣҲͬڽ


1136 ȭͷ
Щע޷Խģ
ʱ¹ؾһͷһһδƣȴǱһһεķ˳ȥһиԵд⣬ƺûзѾһõ޲޷ƽϢ
ʡ
ſڣߵĿһֱڷƵɨɨȥƺҪһЩʲôߣڣʱâ˲ֱӣЩ⿴ˣֱӾ̱ڵأ죬ڵĺţˮһϢ
ߵĿ⣬һЩߣڷƵڣһƬɫ󣬺ƺƵһУֻǣҪɫʵʱȴǷ֣ԼУֻнɫ
Ǹ绡˸˸ÿһһһԼԣ΢΢Ĳ䣬ȴǴһɻһеϢֻǴ⵽Ļ𣬶Ļ͵ģⲻҲһͫ΢΢һ
ϸĹ۲ʱ֣ͻأľһָоһãƺܹвĵԼ
⡭
ȻһĨãȻɻ󣬿૳ѵǴ׼ԣ
ˣĿϣϣûļĸоʱǶԷڵŨŨĺ֮ġ
Ȼ̶ܳȣ΢׼֮ǣΪļ£
һСһ
΢΢һĨĻȣڵľâƵʲôҲûзһ

ϣһ˫۾Ҳһֱڷϡ
Ǹˣ칬ѩĮ
ʱڣһǿһޱԨһſǳתƺĪĺۼ
֮ڡ
ǿջɢָѹЩ૳
֮УûзƵĴڣƺѾƿأЩȻҪݷδʱˣҲǰ첻һĪǿֹݣܹģһƬģûκζߡ
û飬ԣԷҲǺͬʱҲĿ¹صתƵ˷Ƶϡ
Ǹʦʦùĵ˰ɡе˼ˡ
ѩĮǣһĨ޵Ļȣһ£վںŸĪЦ⣬Լһ߸ϵo䣬ƺһжԼƿ֮С
Ϊʦһ̿ʼ;ãԼܹƿһеˣ
ָоԣҪȥ

ЩƲ˽⣬˿̣ûй˼ɣһֱǿ״̬ӭУ¹һһεҷɳȥµˣӡ˵ϡ
Ԫ۰ȭ
¹ѪƺһڹǣƺƵһһշɱ˹
η壬شʱֻм
Ϊûнչľ磬ڷƵĲϺ£ȻЩɶͻƵĺۼˣ
ԣӵĲһУ󿪴ϣѧؼͳͳʹҪƷƶ֡
ǣ
ƺҲ⣬ȥƽϣ⣬һȭһȭӣһȭһȭأ¹ǽһңѪˮһ£һһεıҷɡ
˿ȥǣǿһ¹أһһһȭһţĽ߷ɣȥûʲôõ·ڶж񺮡
֪Ⲣ¹زǿڷţѾ¹صˣһͨʥѧ˵ţҲֽһ磬ʱֻǶת˶ѡ
ô˸Ҫǿ

̣
һƵըУ¹صصײϣѪ£µ棬ϵڹҲ𽥵İȥ¶
ȿȣ
ŬҪȴһδˤȥвϵĿѪȻҲûˡ
꣡
¹ǳ鴤ţԺڻţԼѾжûгԹ̶ֳȵʹˣ
ʹ
Ȼǲ壬ǣСʱȴ弫ΪһڵĵزʲôʹûгԹ
ûжˣȥأȻֻڱԵشǣҲĥȥüβȥԣŻڵΪ
ڷƵȭͷȴԵʹࡣ
̫ǿˣݻһУоԼĹÿһϸڵÿһζܵصĳʹ࣬ڽرԵĴ
벻ͨһ˵ȭͷôôأ
ûãǵʹ࣬ȴǻһĨϲ⡭


1137 ˻ǹﰡ
¡¡¡
ͻأģһ׹ŵ¹ڴţԭѾһϢų֮ûеڣӳһɾ춯صĴһɹۿɼĿռ䶼ˣǺһţԭѾһαڹ֣ɴϵ£վڹ⵱У˶ܹĨЦ⡣
ͻˣ

ڴЦһ˶죬һľˣؼ䣬ƴƹϯޱȵġ
ǿˣ
һ̣ŵɫǱļΪѿл׶壬Ҳ⡣
ΪǶоǿв
ⲻõ˻ɣѵֻҪǰᣬܹһֱɳȥ
û˻شҲû֪֮ڹżᵽҲͷʹ鷳ǣжǿȴû֪Ҳ޷㡣

ֵˣ
¹ֶȭͷռһը죬ܵڼ˵ĴǣвĴЦһͷԶžһžƣŷƳɱ˹ȥҪԭѹԼŲԼ¡
ЩѾϰҲЩ߸ϵνţܵʱϴ㵵ı顣
ҵ°ɣ
ǰĴȣȭͷһ޴ǰɽƣŷƺ˹ȥ
ðɡ
⼸һɵǲ΢΢һǳǳĻȣĿڣ΢΢һ䣬Ȼٴĳ֣ʮؾûκαľȻı˳ȥ
¡
ڹ˸˸ľ޴Ӳӵȭͷҵײһ˹ϯޱߵĺƴ
ȭͷӴһ̣¹ϵĲʱͻ˴㵣ţʹ࣬Աʱһٶȣص׷˳ȥײ̲֮סһѪȥڲסĲš
һ̣оԼǱһ̫սײһһƺҪշˣÿһϸһ鴤
ʹ࣬ʹΪֵеЩʹŷ֣Լǰǲһֱ
꣡ꡭ
һ̣֪ж˵°ΪѾʣ˶ĿɿڴĿһĻþûز
ղŻ¹أһ룬ͱһ޴ķЩ޷ܣҲܲˡ
¹ʹı飬жɵһ鴤š
ģŰΪֵ˵ʹ࣬һȭж
뵽⣬ǲɵҲΪ֮һĻӡԺ֮ڣȻǿĽ֮ΪǵĶǿֲȭͷԼϡ
Ƹð
ϣܸ˵ģȻŮˣǶЦ绨ھŨŨ⡣
ԼĺƸ磬һεıǿˣǿϲѡ
ķƣһһѾԽЩ꼸޷ǣ׵Ĳڽŵˣ

˻
¹ز̲ס˳ǣѪģû֪ȭͷ̲סŷµιСӾ˻ǹﰡôôǿ󣿣

ôֱ׵һȣЩӦ
һһգյĿɰһĸԣթ绹ܻţò˵һ漣
ɵ֪ǣû֮ǰҲͶ˰˳ɾѣȻͱɱƬˡ
ң⻹ֻǵѣǶڵ췣߼֮һȭȥֻͻᱬѪˡ
ķʥ޾Ǵɵǿûܹ㣬ԼҲãԼܻӷȫܡ
Ҳ似ȼ̫ˣǻʽͱȭںϣҲ켫似ѣȥܣȻ᲻⡣
켫۷似ʥǲܻӷ쾡µĵز
ţʥѧڣӦòȱʥɣ
ִ֮ѧгڴ
˲ˡ
Լϰȥڹ⣬¹شֱֵ֣ˣȥ֮ǰֻعͷŷʵιСӣ˵㲻ỹûȫɣ
оƺһֱղͻȻԼõȻûз֮³ɼǰһĿ̶ֲˡ
ǺǣҲɡ
ƵһЦ˵һģɵĴõĳ˲һ顣
ǻļޣǻжǿ
СӵţϢˣҳҪȱ⣡
¹ȴûж룬ϰԵһݻȥ


1138 
գ¹ˣ˿̣ȴû˾⣬ղŵľǷƴһʼʹȫôڵ¹أѾһʬˣ˵ʬ嶼ʣ¡
ڷƣ˶ֻһݣ
̫ˣǶ¹̶ֳȵǿߣǿû¶ȫһһֱѹԵģͷβ¹ؿȥûа㷴оһɳһֻһһεıȥ飬һﲻ֪˶ٴˡ
㣬ֻҪˣжǳ
˭
˶ϣ֪֣Ҫ֪ĸġ
ֻǣʱһĴǣǱֳĬϴأû¶ϲ֮⡣
ʵģ˵ӣڸ󳬷
ô˭
ã
ԶȺ֮⴫һõͻأõ˼ˢˢľͿ˹ȥ
һˣһŮȺվȺ֮󣬺ǼĿ̨ڵķơ
ˣȻǷ糾򸾣ǸˣֻЩˣÿ⼤ĵһĻ
˫ᣬһԵķ糾ţֻվȣһԵķڣҲ˸һЩˮ⡣
Ǽ
糾ףƴʱΪλ˿̬ԵУ
ⶼΪʥѧ֮󣬸һǲСң
ȻΪһֱ͵ķƣ˵أ
ڣ
ƶɫϵıԵں
û뵽糾ؾȻԼˣ˿̣оů⣬齫ضʱ
ãã
糾Ҳޱȵļ˿̣վıֱޱȵԺƺ˵ҵĶӣҵĽ
ȷڵķƣҵĽ
һУ˵ľεһûԼĶܹнĳɾͣ
ʥѧЩҲ˽⵽ˣǿǳľӢӵܣҲԴҪȥѧԼĶӣȴܹȥңЩ˵еľӢ
Ժ
ǷҵĴ
Ⱥϳ˷糾
ϾѾչأЩڴҲƵƵ߶ϷҵԣȻҲ˼סˡ
Ǹ½ķңѵ˵˾ȻǷҵˣ
һʱڣϱǴڶľ˵Ŀⶼ˷糾ϣһ˫˫۾֮ڣǳĽ
ܹһ˾ӵܣȷһ£Ҳϣ£ԣ˿̣糾ɹĳΪȫĽĶ
һöӰ
ǲں糾ΪΣôһӣ£
ţ˽죬糾ңںɽһֵķ糱
ϲϲ
վڷ糾˽ˣǳǵϲңеóһ·˵߽㳡

ɽˮһ˱ǿɵŮӣӹ㳡Ʈõֿ˻
ȻŮߣȴһţЩȥʥҽʥأԸҩ壬ҪʣΪ߽ҩʦ
¶һĻȴõڶг鴤ѡ
һνʥѧȻķңȻռĸ֮ࣿ
ⲻɵõһͬʱиǾ캧ˡ
ңֻҪˣ
ĸǳҲûмӵôİȴ½ķҸ쵽ˣ
ϲϲ
ĴǣһۣҲǴЦ˹ŷ糾ϲ
£ȷֵùϲ
ӵǱֻҪ䣬ԺĳɾͣɻᳬǣټԴһ£ҲҸ̬Դ糾
ͬϲͬϲ
糾Ǵкõ°͵һأǸʲô
õԴֳɵȻеԵɣǣȴǲö֪Ĵ糾к̬ͬӭⲻɵ˾͵һ
ѵ˵볬ƽƽ
ԲܣȻϴιʥ¼ΪηһҪʮ۹֮أ
ԣп϶ǻвΪ֪ܴڡ
Ž󣬷ҵֻܹ볬һˣ
٣ͨоģлЩĵ뷨
˭һս
Ӧķ糾ĺ˿תٴ۾̬ԣ߰쳹ȫ


1139 
Ӳӣһƽɵ׵ս󣬾ǸϣܹһϢĸоǰĿ̬䣬ƺ¼ѾûĿһ
Ƿǰܻ֮ԱǣڣȴǸһֳѹվڹ㳡ϵǣһ̶Ĭˡ
¹ضˣǱŰȥֻǸ㣬Ͼǵʿû¹ôǿܲô񱩵Ĵ
Ļڳվһķ糾ˣɵٴμ
˿̣Ϊ
ʲôԺƵĳɾͽڳƶˣ
ңЩƶˣмܹѹȫģ
޼
ԭҪһսųԣ˿̶ǴеͷΨпЦվԭأûгֵĴ㡣
ԣ
л׶ڳâ˸ڻͲס뵽֮ڡ
ӵл壬Ծ£˭Ϲڤ壬Ҳҿ⣬ȻΪ·ƸղŵĿ̬ҳ֡
ңֶΣɱǸնܶࡣ
ĵ̣һܹر˻壬лҸ㾡ȫһжעϣȻҲܶԿϹڤ壡
л֣
ǹһĨЦ⣬Ĵк
ԡ֪ǰй֮ԵӣҪǿ¹ֻ࣬ǣ±ǼһϣŲֶѡ
֣ղ㲢ûȫɣ
л׶˹֣һĨЦһ䣬ûȷƻشֵҺ֪־жǿԣֵҵˣ
䣡
£ûаʵʹӿ˳ܵȼΧĿռ䶼յŤˣңڵ¶ȣҲƺĴʱðŻӣɼ¶֮ߡ
˿̣¶ţ棬ƻֲ£
˷Ƹղ¹صһսѾбֱӾͶˣ
ѵ񻰴˵л壿
ƣϱ˾ʱǽ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ̾
ƣȻǾƥѾ˵ʱ¹ء
һ
·ڶֶŻָ¹͵̧ͷٴ¶ǿһľ⣬л׶ԺС
ǿĶ֣Ҫţ뵽ʥѧ֮еǻᡣ
ߣһﾹȻҶԺƸ綯֣
һĨ磬һоǲ죬Ժĳ˾ûӹ
Ȼǿ󣬵ǣȴ壡
Ҳһľٶĸв
УԵģǵĵˣ

ͣ
л׶Уһ˫۾һƬͨ죬лɽ籡˫ӡһѪɫҪʺĻ棬ָţ΢΢ĵ䣬ռ䶼ǱյļΪŤڴϺ濾ܽһıΣ˿̣УֻһСĴڣ
ȻȥΪ΢ƺһ֮ܽ𣬵ǣȴǿȼţȻû¶ĿֲƣǣһȴһֲϨĴ·һС磬ܽپһ
𣡡
л׶ʱɫׯأһһ񣬿³ָһǳŷϮȥ
Ļ磬֮ռ䶼ŤţǴһķһֲֿϢУ궼Ҫȼˣõ˲Ҿӡ
ĺã
ڱ⣬ɿֱֱڵȣȭͷۡ
𣡡
һ⣬ɲ壬Щ΢âĽɫȭͷͳȥ
֪ûõģл׶һֱβ棬ֱĿΪֹңҲܣվ̨֮ϣҪ
˻
˾ٶɵľ˵һ
ȻҪԿ𣿣
Ҫ֪񻰵У𣬿ǿԷپֹܹģӵͬܵܲУ
ԣл׶üͷҲźۼ塣
ɲΪУȻҲûкùӳԣ
̣
Ƶȭͷҵľ֮ϣʱһŷƴ죬ΧĿռ䶼Ϊ֮һҲڵб޴ҵƮ˳ȥȻû𣬵ǣȴǰ࣬ۿɼ
ǣȴվԭأӲӵȭͷҲûκˣӴʱ𣬾Ȼû˺
⡭
˵һ̶ԲˣҪۿźķƣǾǿһͷһ
Ȼס˲ķգ


1140 Ծһ
ʱڻıԴܣɷϽ𾫣Ҳܹ׵ڣڣȴ࿹õЩ޷Լ۾л׶ҲһƬ˼ɫ
ֻǣʵҲûôɣȭͷӴʱ򣬷ֱӾ͸оһľʹȭͷ̵ͨһƬڻڵĽɫѪһ˲䣬ҲƺȼˣЩڣ죬ֻȴָĺܿ죬ѹȥ˶ѣ֮ڵ̶ֳȵʹˣԲһֱ̬ȥûܵκӰһ
ôǿ᣿δɵģ
ϣ˶ǷԼʣ˿̣Уƾһͷι
һ˵ʣܹǿᵽֵز
ûмһĻû˸ܹԿôʣԺɵģѵǳ˲ȻΪܹⲻ
˻
ͷԵôһ룬ʱͱԼ뷨ŻˣһƬ֡
ǰѵ仹бȲΪǿ
뵽⣬ڳĴǿ˶Էڵɻ뾪
ȷǸݺԵ⣬ңǺ֪ʲôǴӺζģǷ֮ǰܻкܶĻˡ
ϾڷƵϣǲûиӦôǿڣֻǣִʵǵõ
һţ඼ͨͨ
ȴΣΪƼҪʥѧˣ˭ȥʥѧ
죬ǳҲﲻ
ڷΪǿ㣬ʵֹǣʥѧߣҲЩŪס
ܹģǽӲӵ嫺һĺɶĲ
ҲǲŨŨĺģҲҪŪףƵʾδɵģǽڵĺУ־ʲô
Ǹ˼Сһ
߿ૣһĨԶ
ѾǵԼûжһ˲ˣû뵽ԼѪԼලˣȴǱһëδɵСһȤ֪УȴǺڴСһı֣Ҫܹɳһʲôĵز

ҾͲˣ㾹ȻܹҵĲ𣡡
л׶ſڣڣʱϵĻʢȼǺһڷš
֪ƴʱ¶ģԻĵƣһ뵽Լû壬Ȼͬ׵Ļϣ˼ҵĵƶƲܴܡ
󣡡
ׯ࣬һoһģ˫ֻһµͼǰÿһ·ɾһĻ۶ɣĴӳһɼ䱩ŰĴϣĳһľϯ˷Χ¶ȼٵռУʱľͲ𻨣һʵĻɽһϢĴ˲оҪ

űϢĻٴδ³һ䣬˫󶯣һ޴ͨǺɫˮһĻǰĴҡҷˣŷɱһеĴƣŷжȥ
һķ֮ΧһƬ𺣣ǻеܴУǼΪۣ˫һƬ𺣣پһУ˲ȥֱ˫ӡ
ĺã
ƴʱҲ˿⣬ܹоܣǳ˸ղŵ𣬶ʱҲûйıתսµս¶һͬʱ֮췣ϣ۳һڴ׹ľ޽ƺޱߣ˿̣ͬһϹʱo£Ϊ֮޲
ɱ
һűµսƿؼ䣬צеľ޽ֱȥ
Ӱӡϣ

Ǿµһ޽һɻҺƴƥĴƾž޽Ļ䣬ֻһɭİâʱ䣬ǰأƺҲһˣ޽޿ƥУһľͷ­ֱӾͱն룬𺣣ĳ߾ϯȥڻ룬ҡһɣ裬ֳ־޽̬¶š
ͣ
նƣһ޴Ŀڣл׶ѹƲסһѪ˳ڣһƬ


1141 ؼ
һ̣ʥڳ˻𺣷ڵûд˵˵Ŀ⣬Ǽһ
һӣһսһڻ𺣵УϻǱΧɱ飬ĿǣеǱ޽
һͨڵľ޽Щɫ⣬෴Щɵģֻǲ̫Զѣǣֲڣȴ͸¶һɱһеĴϣĿѹ
ңڵľ޽ϣģһ绡ţ绡һСߣҵöһֻϢ
л׶Ի֮۶ɵĴֱնˣ
ѵһ
˽ڻţΪǸƲˣ޽ľʲôټϾ޽һ绡Ҳȷ͵Ĺȥ
󳬷Ĵſڵߣһüͷ壬¶˼ɫƺжž
ҲͲȥΪһôֲܴͬ
ԣǴſڵߣҲ¶ɻ
ΪƶõԪڵġ׼ֲ֮ͬû취ںϳΪһ壬ǿ϶ģ
޾ʥѧڵͲ֪ٴ飬ңҵӵʵˣǣ͵ıӻɳ£Ҳ㲻Ҳɲ˴ԣ󣬶ǷˣӶҲܽһ飬Ǿһ岻ݶ

߷ԼôôӦĳؼ۶ɵľ޽ૣӦĳؼɡ
ȻЩͲȥǣȴҲΨһĽˡ
Ƹ̫ˣ
عĽţһĻ˽ƻУúõİ
⣬ڣ糾ޣǼĪ촽ֱ˵
ڸղţǿΧˣƵĶ֣ǿӵʱڻˣǰܣƥǣȴ׵ȡʤˣ
дĶǾ͸ˡ
ѵΪ֮ϵˣ
΢һ룬˲ҡͷʵʵͷγԺֻǷƱȽѣҲ˴ԵƿĳǿʥҲ˵

Ұˡ
л׶ϵĻ滺ɢȥɫҲΪήңһƬȻлЩɬ
ȷƵĵƸƳһЩǣȴûԼȴܵôҡɣǲǻûжȫһٴ㣬ֻԼᱻ롣
ȻҲ˵ûз֮ˣǣҲ¶ԼĵƣңҲףⲢԼǿǶ̫ǿˣеǱ޽ȥͷ֪ܾԼĵƣҲһܹܷƣԣҲˬˡ
ңûʲôģ𣬸ղ¹ؿǱŰĸҡ
ţ
ͻȻ䣬Ҳһ㶣ڰƣҪ׵Ĵսһл׶ȴˣõЩź
֪л׶ʵԲֹЩⲻõֶΣĵƣûá
ٺ٣ҿɲǸɵûбŰ򣬲װ׵һ١
л׶һ񣬺ٺһЦ˰֣Ҳ˵ҲԵЩ
˾Ͱˣ⼸ǸӵϹڤļһţԼԵĿֻôһ㣬ԣҲûôƽϡ

ͻȻ䣬ȴȻ󲨣һĲţлбҲһ㵣Ϊˡ
ÿһţԸǸ߰ģǲվԼͷϣͷѪǾԲݵģľٶȴЩ̫һ񲢲ôҫ
ϸһ룬ҲûҪƴһѾǻ壬ǿӹɣ䣬˭˵ߣ
෴ģܶһˣǶ࿴
嶯ˣĳˣˡ
ʶࡣ
ĴڨڨЦл׶ŮǺݺݵĵһۡ
ò˵Ҳԭ֮һ
֪ռҵСɲǺǵ˰ŭˣûкùӳԣ
е˼ˡ
㳡ϣѩĮ΢΢̧ͷŴ̨ڵķƣһĨǳǳĻȣૣǴݣûаɫõΧˣԵЩ롣
ʵȻһֱֵĺţǣУȴһֱһʢ˵ƣͺԼoһ䣬ΪһоƿصУõˣ


1142 
˭һս
Ƴ˳еľ޽ٴοںȵ
ȻԵһĽҲǺ˽⣬ȴҪξѵĻҵΪԺҵķչι̵Ļ
ԣ񣬿˺£˲ǣҲŻаӹ
ڲǽսѣǣȴǻڳϼǿˣ¹أл׶ǾţպյȴǱ׵Ļˣõ·ǣԥˣܳһʱ䣬Ҳû˴𻰣ûȥ
л׶䣬õļЩţҲĬвûȡʤİա
Ͼֳϣ˭ԸⱻĲģ
ֻ˵Ƶȭͷ̫ˣ̵ӡǲȥǡ
ֻǣһ뵽һܹõĽõǲʣЩɧҪȡһ
󣬱ǲʱ̨ʹȫֶΣ־طʩչ춯أ˾ȣǣǰڷǽӲӵȭͷ֮£һ⣬ƺһoеİߣԾ£˿ƥС
һʱ֮ȥʮţǰܱõĳٴεİȥ
ļһǣҶ磬ȥ
¹ѾָվԭأЩǰͺȥ̨ˣɵɳ
⻰ȴ˸ŭԡ
һȷǲǵģӮҪԿ
һ뵽ȭͷ¹ؾ;ӶʹȻЩڴƶ֣һ뵽ʹȴǵһЩԥˡ
ȻǷƹģҪʹҺҵĲԼЧԺܲ
һѵҪڷ𣿡
㳡֮˲ɸпǰ棬Ӧܹʤˡ
ԭʥѧÿһڵĵһΪ󳬷һЩ϶ǿҰռδ뵽ȴһŲ̶̼ļߣⲻò˵ҲһС漣
һս
ڹ㳡˳֮ͻأģһȵ𣬽ţ˱ǼһӰ̨֮ڡ
һЩ˹ĵӣûдļ⣬Ҳ࣬ԵüΪţ̨ڣҲԵмַ棬ټϲʵⶨǺܻӭİӡ
㡭
üͷ΢΢һ
ǹ㳡ΪѾʥ׵֮һ
ʵ˶߱˽ʥ׵ʵǣȴһֱṳ̂һԭкܶ࣬Ҫһ㣬̤ʥף͵ڷ˻УҪ̤ġ·ˡ
ǱƲѣܶ˶ԸʮǰʥףΪ˵ûжĺô
ʥףЩܹͨʥѧ˵˵£ǣƣһ˵Ļжδ·жԶ
ⲢһûݵĻǹ֮ܽľѵ
ʥǰ壬Ȼߵʾ磬ǣ˭˵Լһһûнʰģ
ԣǱιԼĻȷһʧˣŻѡʥס
Ȼʥ׺ôǸˣ֮һǶԸıʸΪ˽ˣԣʩչܣͻᳬǰǿ󣬾ͬӵһּ֮ˣʥ׺󣬾㾳类ѹͬһλϣҲӮʾǸ
ףǲǸҵĸ˵ѾǷʥˡ
ʮ꣬ʥףٶĲ
ٺ٣˭֪ǱƵģȻôܽʥף
쳹һЩ֮õķҲ֪ݡ
˴֮һĸţӵ壬ƿغΪǿʮʱһĹŴʥĹĹ֮ڣ챦â¶˴ȽʥףűסǴֵĺܴ󣬲Ϊⳬӵܼ룬Ų֮
˭û뵽ڶʮʥ׵ĸ飬Ǵ֮󣬱չزǶ̶ʱ䣬Ѿȡ˿ɹ۵ĳɾˣңܹͨʥѧĿˣԺĳɾͣض͡
ʱѾûٸ뵱飬ǲˣ־ģΪ㣬Ҳһûʵ۷Ļᡣ
ˣƱԭˣҪ֤ԼûбϣңߵĸԶ
ȷǸǿˡ
һĨϹ⣬ҲûС
Ҫ֪ûнʥǮҲպգֻǱʶǱ˹ڻѾϵ֣֮࣬챻ˡ
ɽ
֣óһŻƹӲӵǧصϢӣЩϢضһ


1143 ɽ
Ȼɽ
˾˵ĿⶼǼ˸ϵŻƹӲӵϣһ˫˫ھâ˸˸ֱ̰Ӿ¶˳
ɽһ֮ҲǴڹĹڣƴҲҪĶǷʥףҲϧ
ѹСӾȻܹڶ̶ʱ֮ڽһףԭӵɽ
üһôһܵأֻҪ˭Ƴķ
벻Ȼø
пڳĴΪе˶ʾˣվڴſڵߣڶһĨɫ
ȻɽƱǼƽ㣬ôһСţҪصľ۶ɣҲ˵һСɽ൱ص棬Ҫƿܹһ˲ݻص

һȣŹϵֻһףɽͷϣ貵ĻƹٲһڣһƣشǧһɳӣϢ
ʤˡ
Ļ˶ɵıſϷ̬
ԣΪѾûƷƣԲųɽΪ㲻Ӯǣȴܹȷ䣬ֻҪƴķǾƽ֣˿ܲеһ
Ȼ̫ʣȴҲȷı£ңԣԷΪ
·л׶ҲǴüͷɽǸеͷʹҪƿ̫װ

ٶɽᰣ
ɽҲûͣӡĻ䣬һµʮƽСɽǰ۶ɣ嫳ϢѹһУ󣬴ƣŷƺ¡¡շѹ˹
ʮػ
ƻǣʮƽСɽûа⣬΢΢һһڵһȭͷ˹ȥ
¡
ʮػû˿ıȥֱɽ֮ϣһըУӴɽǶɵһ޴ɽѿ룬󱻾飬ɻҽȥ
ƵΣֻ΢ͣͣ˸ǰӲӵȭͷûаԥֱӾǴɽϴĹ֮ϡ
̣
޴ı˳ȥȴǻڴһˮǱɳȥ׾ͣûܵʲôӰ죬÷ƸоԼͺϺһ޷ݻǰɽ
ȻˣɽܹΪ
˷Ҳ޷ݻɽķип֡
һԵ飬ɽȻǳΪ۵ˡ
ҲΪΪԭЩؼܹܶ顣
ء
Ǵһڹ㳡쳹ϣһȭһȭϵĳٲһˮȥĸƵĵǣȴδܸˣһеˮȥ治ɫȻˣȴһֱؼɽѹƣȴǱһȭ֮棬ȻΪɽ
һĽҪƽ
л׶ͣ
ѻ죡
ԣŮǺݺݵĵһۡ
ҺƸһӮģ
Сཱུ֣˵š
ԣǸڹ𣬺ƸһҵġٲȻȥڹǣҺͺƸһ
˸磬ߺߵš
ԭʵԿ۵һǣȴǺԥľͷˡ
ǣСӱذܣƱʤ
л׶һģͶˡ
ģҲ˵йĻˣ⼸Ůˣ̫ˡ
ɵģΪĬа˼ӡ
⺢ӿܻ֪ѾŮŮ
ͬʱԽԽ棬ƾˣʲôֶΣò츳ŮΪ˵أ
죬ʱǲƽ
š

ô
ٴһµɽ׾룬вһơ
ʵӦҲͳ̶ȣл׶Ƕ޷棬ǣȴΪͷϵνġɽȻԼĻʮؾҲƿ˷ޱȵľȡ
Ǻǣ֣ƿҵķ䡣
ͣҲ˫֣ûڷ𹥻΢ЦŶԷ˵š


1144 Сһ
⻰Ʋ˷ۡ
ȻĹһţǣûжӰ죬һǽſ
ڿԻȭǲƿķˣɽô棬ҲûоãԼһȭܹݻĵ棬ңϣŸļӳ֣ǲôƳ
ǰ̶ֳȵķǽڸľ类ѹһϣȻûѹƣϵ鲻֣ҲƿķܻԼ
ͬ׵ĳ̶ϣƻҪһԣ
ɱɱǲҪնˮѶӦúܴ
óӡҲܹƿӡɾعˣĵƣҪʥѧˣҲԸ¶ǰȻпܻᱻȥҪ鷳
ܹƳɽͨ鱦ɼһ㣡
ôҪβƳأ
ٲµĻɫˮüͷ΢΢Щա
Ȼȥֻôһ㣬ǣʵȴǧɽˮ޷Խ
ˣ
ϵ˼䣬ͻأһĨ⡣
Ҫ׵ƳĿǰʵȻǲܣǣΪҪȫƳֻҪνڹƿһͿˣ
㱬ţԼĿǰӵеǧɽˮҲпֱӹᴩ
ôǴ;ˣ
һֱ˵ҲһĨЦݡ
ȻԱȽϺ񣬵ǣһĻеģγĻᣬͰյĺܺãûг嶯һֱûƷˣվ˳
ɼһ³ȿɿˣǲɵ
ǺǣȻɽȷǷǳ˲ãǣһҪһԡ
ƵһЦ¶ɫ̬¶һС
췣ҿʲôԵģһ϶ѣоԵܹƿ
ô
ôһ˵鲻һӿһɲõԤС
ǰ̫ԤˣǿڸղѾ¶쾡£ǣ˭˵Ǿĵˣ
ôֿɾҪСˣ
һĨΣյĻȣõĸһľæԼϼ֣˿ʯ̶ɵһȴнâȻҲǲͣû⡮ɽ֮ǰıֶΡ
ն
ɫһһɱһеϢ˳ڣ֮췣ӵϣţ𽥵һ㣬ָ֮ϣ˿µ׹⣬ɭϢõĳ˶һľҪԶ롣

߸ߵԾֱ죬۳һ㣬ֱӵɽϴˮ֮ϣŷ̶ǳˮһ˲䣬Ȼ˺һСڣɭİâһ˽ȥڸؿϣʱٴζϵķѪˮڱſҲ׷˳ȥ
˻
Ļ˲귢䣬ʱֽű
ǿʲôͬ׵ĳ̶ϣȻƿˡɽķ
ַܹƿôԼͬϣʲôȫУѵ˭ķܱȵĹɽ
ԭһֱб
ǲЦţЩ˵رЩƱԹǣһɫҡ
ǸղŷôһѾ
ԣǲЩңҺֻͨԶѣȻôˣֻ·һ
Сһ
ſڣ΢΢һĨǳǳĻȣһĨ͡
һǿߣʵ츳ǻۣǲȱٵģçײҲһç򣬲ܳưԣ
һ˲䣬߾Ȼķ֣ҲƵκȱ㣬ÿһ£Ϊ
¹صһսһػ¹ؿ϶ô򣬵ǣһսУȴ¹أо˸
֮ƣǵ㵽Ϊֹûвƣѿ෴ģõЩŶֲ
ЩߵĽǶȿģҲ۲ڲͬĵطܹ׵ķ򵽲һɳеĽӣ⣬Ҳְ

ȿȣ
ɽıӻ£鸧ؿڿѪڣһƬŷƵĿ⣬ǿһͷһ
ôҲû뵽һܹƿԼķǸղ˷ֶΣֻԼŶҪը
ˡ
ԶһЦķƣɽ


1145 õһ
¹ذˣл׶ˣӵСɽĸҲˣˣǾ޵ţÿһһгۣǣȴͬһС
˭һս
嵭ûκλڹ㳡ϻصţ֮⣬ֻзû˷κ
㳡ϣһŶ΢΢ͷȥ˫ԾӶӡ
ɽķƣ˭ȥ˵Լķܱȡɽǿ
ǣǼֱҿ𣿶ңпܱϲ֪ߵغçײȵһϵеıǩ
ԣ˿̣ǶԥˣмҪȥһƴµţҲͣ˽Ų˳˼
ֹԼܹס
Ƚ
ſڵĿɨȫд䵭ûаҲûйصĻֱӾ
оԵȨҲû˭Ŷɵ˿ͬʱɫЩȻ

ʥڣһƬ쳹
־ǿв£Ƴɹȡ˴˴δȵһң׵쳹ɽ磡
ǿ󡭡ⶼĴʣеţ۷ȭ֮£
˿̣һµľһӨ˸˸̨ڣ䣬ƥ
磬ƶ˵һƶ˵һ
ŷ糾ֱۣһ˫Щ죬Щʵĺš
ĸģ˭ϣԼŮͷأ˭ϣԼŮ˳ޣ
˿̣ԺģǻϲģӳϱҲѾûʲôˣֻϣܹյ۷壬ܹһԲԲһϣ
Լˣ糾Ҳӣӵ뻳Уİοţһ˫ڣҲԳỨ
ֺγֻǣˣҸڷҵĴ峤뱣Լţʧ̬
糿ѧٵߣΪȨ
ſڵߵһ仰ת߽˴֮ڣûڰУվڹ㳡ܵĸӣɢȥ̨Ҳ˽ȥһУĴŻĺϡ£

һߣ˿ϵĽ⻺ĵȥָƮ˷糾˵ǰ

޽ѾЩ׷ĸףƵҲЩ΢΢Щᡣ
ȻԼѾСˣҳɾҲ˼ͬˣǣȴøΪԼӵĵˡ
֪ͷϵİ׷һ룬ΪԼġ
ãá
糾Ҳ֪˵ʲôãŷƵƣã󣬷ƱǱȥһ
ϲ峤ϲϲ
Χһֱ˵ϲ糾ŷƵ˵ͷҲǲΧк˻Ӧţʧ
µӣµСˣСǼˣһС鷳ԣ糾һֱԲ̬Ӧڼӣģ޷ޡ
飬ɲڷ죬෴ģЩطȷ촦ĻҪԲ
ǣҲһСѣ۳Ƿһԣ糾̬̬һʼͲһڣںɽڴ⣬糾Ȼ֣ˮ
ι
ڷƵҪ뿪㳡֮ʣ洫һתͼ¹˹ʱǱ¶һĨǳǳЦ⡣
ȭͷأ
¹Щ˵ţһͷһ
л佱
Щ̿ѣǲɫ˵
ȭͷص㣬һܻԼɲϣġ
ٺ٣ȻأһǻģһҲҪ㳢ҵȭͷ
¹Щѵ촽ٺһЦŴȥ󿪴ϣΧˣһǷģ
ߣ˾Ƹ磬´Ҫ㣬ֱöĹͷ鷳
粻޵ĽţڷƶĽţȴǸһԵл׶ʱϺë亹졣
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ļһվţƴ˸клһȥ
ģԲȥǷƣ
㰡
Ƴֵһ羧Ө͸Сͷжְ
һһĳɳԽԽǿһл׶ֻˣǣȴܹĵڷԼСϱǸжҲԼĸ֮
Ϊ峿Ҫʥѧԣһ˻һͬȥ칬ıԺõ칬ĸˣֵĺϲ£
죬칬ԺͥУһֱûͣЪŰݷãԷұʾԼ⡣
ү㣡
ڷأŮദʱԺ⴫һ֮ͨ


1146 ׷
ң
ͨƲһһĨɻ
糾˵ˣԼκˣôʱȴͨԼأ
ƶͳȥɡ
һŮĵؼվŷ㶣Ȱһ䡣
õȥȥ
΢΢һЦ΢ıһǳԺȥ
˵ԼҲûʲô˰ѵл׶ˣ
Щɻ󣬷߳Ժӡ
㡭
ԺӣƱǿһϤӣʱһĨ졣
ǰӣһ£ϴŵŵЦݣûаʳ˼̻һǳ
ˣȻ칬ѩĮ
üͷźۼɫŨ
Լδа㽻ףΪѩĮʱԼ
֡
ѩĮŵһЦкŷƵĿ⣬ƺΪ⣬÷Щ󲻽⡣
Щʦ߶߶ģѩദȴֻˣ˵Ҫɣ˳ɻ顣
ǣǰӣȻһģǣȴûжĺøУȴҲɴЦкǺǣ֪ѩν£
ʦܹȥԤ֪δˣԲǡ
ɷһ˵
ѩĮĿһһԵ칬ӵܣǶŷ˵
룡
һǴ߽һľСԺһͤ£˵ʲôѩ־ֱ˵ɡ
ʶʦðɣ
ѩĮʯϵĲԼһ裬СһڣǴʵ
ȷѩǸصˡ
Ƶ˵ͷһ䡣
ѩһֱûб¶ԼжʵǣǰѩĮʦãʵֻҲЩֲ
ôطҲ˽ʦˣҲĽ͡
ѩĮһƵķеĲ豭ÿһ¶ʣɫ΢΢һһ˫ڸֳǳͼŷʵҽֻһ䣬֡ԸԸҵ׷ߣ
ţ
ĺŲ裬⻰ҭţ̧ͷЩ㵵Ŀƺǲ˼һ
֮壬ɣˣɿԶʱڣɿδһǧķչ
ѩĮվŷƣԶʣЩȻ˵
ΪΪ飡
ԭֻǺɽһСӵܣΪ֮Ը޷Сʱ򣬲֪˶ۣܾͬ裬ǣʮ꣬ҹ󣬾ȻоȻ칬Խ٣ߣ֮һ̿ʼ;ãԼǷˣƿ˵
㣬ţֻ񣬲ܹȥԤ֪δܹԤ֪˵ʲô
ֻǣƼˣȴЩҲһôˡ
ȻҪԼ׷ߣ
ûиоŭ෴ģЩЦоǰЩɡ
Լ֮֮壬ų¼һǿ壬ȻҪԼͷ
ò˵ѩĮߣܣУѾΨҶΪԼܹƿ˵ˣ
ѩ˵Լ֮ˣ֮ڣ޷ԤȥδһΪԼأ
ܿģƾˡ
ѩĮԭ¹أΪֹϵʣǱ󣬾Բ壬ԼİԾ̬֮Һֲ̨ǳôۺԼˡ
ԣѩҪ׷ߣ
Ҳվûκŭ˵
û
ѩĮתһĨĪЦ⣬˵ͷƺڵȴŷƵĴӦ
ң
һСѣƣһõļһѣԼܹѡΪ׷ߣӦøеҲŶԣ
Ǹ㣬ˡѴ
ƵһЦЩ㵵ɫ£ܾ롣
ƿԼˣ
죬ǵأҲҪԼˣֻƿԼУ˭ɱһУ
ȴ칬Ͼѩһ㣬ң칬ƵӡҲֻǣһҴ˶ѡ
ֲٿǿǣ
˸ɴľܾѩĮɫЩôÿЩʵ
Ǻǣѩֿ֪ܲˣɢˣɲϰԼԣ˼ˡ
˵ĺܿûгߵ˼
֣Ȱ㻹ΪǿЯҵһ֮һΪĴڣô
ѩĮЩջĿ˵
ҲΪҪҾǿΪԼ׷ߵԭҪƿ˵ˣ


1147 
㣡
鶼вɿܵջֻҪǾ߱ǵ飬ĿܶţƴţΪ˴Ŀ꣬Կɲϧһдۡ
ԣ·ϣ˿Ҫȥƾһ˵ǲ㹻ģ
ѩĮȻߣǣȴҲ֪ϣܹɱ˴ڣû˶ɲԣҪ׷ߣǿ׷Ϊ֮ͨ·
Ҳ޷ָ߸ϵĸоҪƿ˵ˣ
ָоԣѾ޷԰ˣ
ԣ⻰һ˵ڣƱˣǰļһʵ˭
ǲҲмȥߣΪԼѾһ֮ϣԣŻԼԼն֮λ
˼˵̫ңԶˣңҲϣԼܵ㣬ѩ칬λǷǳ
ҲϵЦݣ̲˵š
㣬˭Ҫ㣿
˵ʵڵģҲҪ㣬ǣ˭㣿
oʧˣҲ˳˵ڣʲôoɲ㣬ôʲôأ
ʦȻأϲ⣬ǣҪ㣬ֻҲδؼá
ַӣƻǲǣѣҲˣԣҲû˵жôľ飬ȴҲѩ칬̧˳Ҫֹ˵ȥ
Ȼ̵ܹһʱɲܹһֱȥ
վͤڣþû˵ѩĮǹ貣޵ף˸ĪĹ켣ɢȥ
ȻֲԸ⣬ôҲ̫ǿˣͨˣԸˣʱҡ
ڵǹ⵭ȥѩĮٴλָһƵŵЦ⣬ŷ˵
лѩ⡣
ҲһЦ²ŭ
¾Ͳˡ
ѩĮ˵꣬תȥôĳoһУֻǣתʱȴһĨɫ
Ҫ˵ƿԼУǣԷֲڵˣȴ޿κΣȥ칬ȴǲԸ⡣
Ըҡ
ĿһıӰǴһĨĻȣŮڵԺӻȥ
ѩĮĻУƾѾ˽⵽һʲôˣǲĿĲݣˣǺݽɫǲԤǶԼʹʤ
ͷôƾԲǵ칬ҲҪնɱ

һ죬֣֮绨ϱֺͬǵһͶϲ£л˵ŷСʱ£Ůֱ֡
ȻʱܵŮĳЦȴֺǺǵĽܣϵҸкۡ
ֳ棬ǲ࣬ȥʥѧһҪôһֻҲҪˡ
ֵʱ⣬Զǹģһ죬תۼ峿ʷƱǰݱ˷糾򸾣ŮһͬŹ㳡ȥ
ѾۼţķƴŮڶһĨʵɫ
ʺ죬Ͳţˣ̫ϧˣ
ЩʵĿ⣬˾ռˣûзϣзЩܹõŮĴ࣬ȷһӵ¡
ڷƵʵҲû˭ôƣԣҲûзʲô顣
ʱл׶Ҳ˹⣬¹أȻҲƨƨߵĸߣĿȴǷл׶ϣĿ⣬ǿԼһõл׶ֱ鴤
֪Լȥںˣ¹صȴװûп޶ԣõ¹Щй
ȻûзôһǿĶ֣Ҫģ
ڷơһȭ;ûͷڶǴǰһɣɫûͨ˵ǣѾȫۼڹ㳡ˣż飬ȴŴŵĴ򿪡
һ̣ǽģΪܹʥѧʹģҲǿģ
ԣվŵһ죬ҲûԸΪٵᡣ
¡¡¡
һʱ򣬹㳡ϴĴţһ쵱лĴ򿪣ֻһ˳ȴδǸ߳ӳ֡
ǵУٸҽ
ɨһ۳ϣʮˣ
˽ԲҵóöѪ壬жһ߽˴ڣ󣬴ٴαպϣΧȺҲ𽥵ɢȥ


1148 
ʥѧĿУ̫⣬֮󣬶ʱȻ󲨣УٴγΪ˽ڣɽ磡
ԭ򣬶Ϊһˣҵţƣ
֣ʲôӵԴֳɵϲѾˣԣһһʯǧˣڶ߲ĺ䶯ЧӦ
ԭڷƵʵһֱǴŽŽɵ̬ϾҵĵӾͰǴ½߳ģǿܹǿȥ
ֻû뵽һεʥѧˣ԰Ծµ̬߽˵ڣ
¹أл׶ɽ飬ʮͨ˵ţһһС
ɼʵ֮ǿ
֮ôҲףʾҲ൱ھЩԷұв֮ĵˣԼǺ۸ģֻҪҶһ˿һɳ֮󣬱ضı
ԣֻҪһûе£ûĸҶԷҶ֣
ȵһǾʹԺĳɾܹﵽڳƶֵزѰĸеӸҶҵ⣿
ԣԴʥѧ˹󣬷ǳ壬һֱͥУżһ춼֪ҪٻأɽĴСǴԼݷ˵ļ塣
ҲΪ˶ˣûʱգǳ岻ԶһлͣڶפһЩҲŵ棬׷Уʱ䣬ǳĳУչĲʮ۹ǡ
ҲǴҵ

˽֮󣬴űպϣģһЩĵӴȾɢΧĺڰ
ȣϲǳΪʥѧһԱ
ӲǸôŰ壬嵭Ц⣬˵ţõŵ΢΢¡
ǸŰߣǺ£ûиܵѹҲֱ֮ӡ
֮һȣ˵ºͶˡ
ʥѧڵĿģΪǿߣеŰţǵּ𣿣
ϣɨǣлﲻҲࡣ
ˣ
˿̣û˭ҷȫش
¹ĴǲаЦͷɵģɽ󳬷ǿ󣬵ǶΪһɢɳʥѧĴ൱ھĴֻʥѧǸټϡ
ʵ־клԼӴľȣ󳬷ŻᷢչѸ٣ǻʥѧŦ۲ܳ£Ȼ롣
ܺã
û˷ģɫ΢΢һڻ
ĳƽʱʵҲǸˡ
ǺܶӦ˽һһ硭
ӻ˵ţ֣óһֲᣬָʮǣ˵˽ģ뱣ְҪ˽ģʮʱ䣬ϸĿֲϵݣ
⻰ƲеֲᣬϸϸĿ
ⱾССֲ棬˽⵽һЩǰûнӴ顣
ԭ岻ֻкɽѣ޽磬;Ľ硣

ڲһĨ죬֪ԭ岻ֹ֮񣬻֮ڤλǲ֮Ĵڣֻǣ֮Ƚ⣬żͨҲҪߵĶࡣ
һ壬һ壬Ӧúǿɣ
΢΢
һһλܣһЩӵ֮ˣǿһֻǿ
ûйȥ˼ЩǼȥ
ֲϣҲ˽⵽ķ
½ǧС磡
½ȣʵǺɽ磬޽磬߾Ľ磬ҲǵӰ½ϷָһСѣΪģҪͨƽѣܹõܺõķ뷢չ
ɼ½֮㣬޷㣬Ƭİ½ϣŸָ壬壬֮һѡ
½
ֲϵļ飬ƲŰ½һɺҪܹܳǧĴ½жô档
飬ȥ
ʥѧλþʹڰ½ͨϣҪռ磬ʥѧ˳ͨ
ԣʥѧһ֮ƣ
˽⵽һЩƲ׵ʥѧҪԡ
˵ֻҪʥѧһ壬ôҲʹˣһһһܻԵĴҲڡ


1149 ѧֵҪ
Ϊʥѧλ⣬ԣʵﲢֹкɽ˶ѣҲͬʱ޽ˣĽˣϺɽ磬綦
ҲΪԣʥѧڣΪ󸮣ɸ޸ĸֱַ˻ʣ֮ڤΪ
ƽʱྺǣһ֣ͻУңΪ¹ĴԼĴ
ԣҲ˵ʥѧĴڣֹǵһߣͬʱҲǺɽ磬޽磬Ľ磬һҪŦۣ
ɼ֮Ҳ࣬ʥѧĳֻҲѾܶѪʥѧɢôֽᱻֳ
ѧھȻˡ
ͻأģԺھӰĴڡ
½֮ʱڱսĹġ
һл׶սˣһǱ֮ΪѪħӰˡ
ˣǸĪ⣬ƽȻͬĸоɣôһпܣǸѪħӰӦѪܣΪһˣȻһѪܲǰĿֲ
л׶սˣѩ˵ӵеϹڤ壬ܹĻȪܣпܣӦǾһˡ
ЩȻԭԼͼˡ
ˣӦҲʥѧڰɣ
˿̣вսȣҪսһ
رӵϹڤ֮ˣֻǸӦĲо궯ѣڣƸЩڴܹһսѾƿص֮Ӧÿˣ
ǿȵĶ֣Ҫģڴʥѧ֮ˡ
˼Ǽȥ
˻ʸַΪĸԺ켫ԺؼԺԺƼԺĸԺ£ѧԱѡ񣬲һ룬ͲԸġ
ĸԺڵĿģʵҲֻӾȣԲŴڶѣû̫ķ磬ңԺͳһ˻ʸϽ˻ʸԾһС
켫Ժ
һĨ⡣
֮ǰҪԼ켫Ժô켫ԺڣӦþһԣۺûѡ켫Ժ
ͬʱҲ˽⵽ѧֵá
˵ѧ֣ʥѧڶдãԻȡʲ˵Ҫǣܹ롮֮ء
֮ء񿪱ٳ̶ȿɼһ㣬ܹڡһܱһ깦
Ȼ롮ѧֲ֡һѧֿڡ֮ءһСʱҲ˵Ƶõһٻ֣ܹڡ֮ءˣҲ൱꣡
ɼѧֵҪԣѹЩӵ֪ƣҲҪȡ
ʱ򣬷ͻȻĸоΧкܶ˫ޱȼʵĿĶԼ
Ǻǣ벻˸ˡ
ƲһЦкϲ
һٶ
Ȼѧ֣ҲǿԻȡģϡʣʥѧ񣬾ͿԻȡѧ֡
Ҫõѧ֣ȻҪ
ҲʥѧһֶΣѧԱܹõõҲԵõٵ߽Եãԣ֡ѧ֡ĹأһֱһֱҲûйκεı䶯
ܿʮӾ͹ȥˡ
ʱ䵽ˣеֲᣬǻʲôģȵʥѧǼǵһ㣬ȥʥѧ֮󣬱˻ʸ𣿣
ӵ𣬾˵ע⣬ǻЩڹۿֲˣҲֲӵĽ˵
ֲᣬƾ֪Ȼ忴ȥʥѧһ壬ǣڲȴֳɵС飬ûսʱ򣬻༷ңƣǿ϶еġ
治ָ£µҲһһķֲߵȻһΪ׼
ǶԺɽ磬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǳһҲһ壬ʥѧڣľ˻ʸһ
ˣ
˶ǸشһԵЩĦȭƣƺҪ޸ĸһԼ
ȴҡͷ
ˣô𣿾л׶Ǹ֣л׶嶼κβˣ⻹ֻƿܵ£
ɼˣ϶˻ʸһһпǿ˻ʸ
㣬У
ӵĿ˷ϣָʾվ
΢΢һǴȺ˳վǰ
ǰȴԼվһ֮ߵɽǰһǰͨͨӣȻһָ߲ʵĴ˿̣оԼͺԨƶͻķǣҲС


1150 
һǶӣƶͷϱʹ죬ƶСĺΣ˳£ˤ棬ķ顣
ǰ̫ˣһɲĸоƺ֣׵ĽԼշɱһǰƸоԼһС
Ȼ
˫ڵڣȻû¶ηɫһ٣΢΢
εĴȵһǺܲأҲܹ˻ʸؼ
Ҫ֪˻ʸڵЩӢǣܹԼǰֺɫˣǲడСӲʾѣֲܱɫǲס
ó
ԼŵЦŷ˵
΢΢˿ӻиԼݸ
ипȻʥѧڣûһǼ򵥵Ľɫ
ܹʥѧǼΪ̵ģӣȻҲ⡣
ӽӹе壬ԼóһڷƵϻһ£ʱԭһƬǵϣЩǵ˸ϸһĻǵǡһ
һѧ֣ҲǸһĽҪúðգ
ЩصĽ
һڵˣڶҪǿǰӣ嶼ܹܣɼͬѰ
Сӽǣ
Ƶ˵ͷۺĿ½ӹ壬Сĵսָڣţӵʾ£ص˶鵱С
ȻҲҪĽѧ֣ǿ׬ȡģֻҪѧڹ񣬾ͿԻӦĻ֣𣿡
ӵĿɨȫǿڹ
ǸߣƢ̫ºˣ
ѧԱܵ˵Ƿǳġ
ˣҾʹǽѧ󣬻ĴԺĵʦǣʱǿԼѡ񣡡
Ӳ䷳Ľһ飬Ǵ˳Ŵȥ
ڴǽϣһۣǰȥȡԼ壬װ˽ȥţǽڱһ¡¡쵱д˿
һ䷱Ĵһ·Ź϶ֲɣϢͿ̻ǣҪϸʱȴǷ֣Щ·ԵüΪģ˸ǲסĹɡ
ৡ
֣óʮöԴʯֻһʮöԴʯȵ˴Աߵʮڡ
ˣ
һԶ쳹ϵ·һĳĹתĪĴϣʱ׹ҫۣһƬЩ۾֮󣬴ȶ·ֻһתУ֪ǳͨһδ֪ңԶ硣
ֻܹӣˣûиôԼȥ
ӵЩˣ˵߽꣬˰׹еУ˲䣬Ͳټһﻹԥ׷׶̤˰ɫڣ˲ͱ˽ȥǱһ
߰ɣ
ЩðС֣Ůһ߽֮ͬڡ
̤ϣ͸Ӧһǿᵽӽ´Ӧ˾ͱڣͷ棬ʱһƬããģ죬ƺʶҲһ
ˡ
ܶݵģԺ֮ڣǴһޱȵԶصͷеֻɢƵ˼ָ

һһĨȡ
ΪԶǷȻǴеġˡϿڴġ
췣ʱ򴫳Щͬ෴ģղǴʱ򷢳Щơ
õķƲҪȥ׽۾ϸϸȥд̣Ժ֮ڣȻܲһ·
ģƱǾãЩ·ղǸƣһģһ
ղûй۲ǸֻǣȴԺҲǲסҲֻǼһŶѡ
ȴû뵽Щ·ȻԼԺڳͣ
ûԥһĶ·֮ϣÿһ·Ĺ켣ļס
ǿ紫ƣֻҪƿˣԺ˵õš

磬ĴдУɽձڣȺɽУһɫʯ̵С㳡ڹ㳡֮ϣһʹ󣬴˿̣ǿҵİ׹⣬һȦһȦ·ӣһһ
ৣ
һ죬һӳ֮ڣ۾΢ĺ˿ǳŴԱվ˵һŮ˹ȥ


1151 Ůʦ
ĸˣһŮһ׷ԲԵߣȥʮӣһӯŮ
ԣܷӯˮ߰ǰ͹̣رǰķҪϵɫűˣ˵䣬ؿڶһһģľǿ˲ÿĻ档
ңһСµĹˮӣʺĴ꣬һͷںͷĵȷȷһ۲۵Ů䣬ӦҲͶʮңһӯ츾һһɢεջõߵӶЩΣȥֱ
ǣȴõŮЦѣһ˫ڣˮǸǹһĨ޵ĻЦ
λʦ
ӴӴ͹˳˺ӣҲ˿ͬʱĿϡ
εѧԱʮˣλʦˣ
΢ЦŶ˵ţֻǣĿɨǸŮʱȴЩڣǲźۼĳ˳顣
ΪӯŮƺһҲûʶԼĶ뽿ЦжջƵƵܲ𣬲ɨһۣӺͲЩ٣æĿƿȥ
ܹΪʦˣǺݽɫûһǼ򵥵ģŮȥûжвȵŮҲԲ򵥣пЦ£ͻ᲻֪ʧȥԼңʵ䣬ҲԲǶʮѣпܣ䳬˵
㣬˿ɡ
෴ģǾãǰĸʦǿģǸ׷ԲԵߣȥƯŮӣ
һǿߵֱԣǲ¶ðɫȻŭЩʦǿҪùģ˻ʸˣҲԲ궵ߣ
˵䣬ڱǴͳһӰֻǣ˿Ƕգɫ԰ףмЩҡҡ׹
ףεмСһ
Ǹ׷ԲԵĿʮɨǵ˵⣬ӣҲЩľ
һ£ǳƶ̶ֳȵǿߣЩʦģǵʵܲ
굼ʦҲƵƵͷĿ磬л׶ȵȼɨ¶벻˼ɫ
ȻһۣǱǿЩ˵ĲƺڵһС
ŶǺǡȻôСӣŶǺǡҿϲĽ
ΨһľǸŮʦĿģǿһÿһɨлëȻЦõλʦг鴤ѣƤһأֻǰǵʦԲŲ˵
ǿܻһЩİãŮʦ
Ȼ˷أҲʲôⲻȤ
㣬ˣԣװûҲûпĿҲ˴еϡ
Ѿȥˣ͹ĹâҲȥʮ˵¶˳ֻǣȴûѹ
Ͼǵһξûκ׼˿̣ǾͷԱشһģ־ᶨģܹվԭزһЩ־΢ģЩҡҡ׹
ЩĸʦǿУЩȵ˿ϣƵƵͷ
һڵѧԱ󻤷Կ˵ġ
ĸʦĿԼϣӿڽ͵
ԭˣ˵ѧԱҪ࡭
Ǹ׷ԲԵߵ˵ͷһĨȻ
󻤷˿˻ʣʮˣʧ˲ٺӰ
һ굼ʦȴ¶ϧɫ
˻ʸ꣬󻤷ϰԣǻΪ˽ģһҲܹͷ
θ˵ǲ󻤷Կ˵ģ˿˵ĳ̶ˡ
ţ
۾ͿԼһ統УͬʱȻҲλʦĴڡ
ӵʾ£һûѵķƵˣ߳ȺǸǰվŵȴ
СŮޣߡ
ͣ½Ų߱Ǵһεεȥǿһ˫ˮһۣڶʱһĨޡ
ΪĻʦȴǶ¶ɫ
ĵϸȻǿһЩټǵһѹˣܼ򵥣
һ˵
ȿȣСŮޣҪˡ
Ǹ׷ԲԵĵʦȼѣͬʱҲ¶Լǿһ˫ͫͨһƬͨһһ


1152 
ѡʦʥѧԸģ졢ءƣĸԺѡֻҪͨ˵ѧԱʦѡԼʵĵʦ̵Լ
ԣһŮʦƻ磬ˡ
ѧԱԼôУ
ǿһЩ֮󣬱ףСŮ޾㲻ô̵Ҳһл۷塣
Ժ󣬵ɳˣһ˵ԼĵʦǶôӵһ飿ңҲһʦҫ
磬Ȼ֪Щ˿̣ʦżȵɫЩΪˣһ޷
ǰĸʦɶǿģ˭ԼԿ
㣬֪
ĸΪѵʱл׶¹ص˶𽥵˹Ҷ˳վһԡ
㡣
ɫԣǰסƣЩɻĺ
ϣһƯСãý㡣
ĳǸŮʦǿŵĺţ˹ָܷܷȥȴ㿪
һĻõжɵĳ鴤һ¡
Ůʦûͦرģ
˿̲绹жҪԶ뷨Ϊʦ
ЦôŮåһĵʦһ𣬻ָᷢʲôأһЩ˵ãҲжţȻԼ
ȿȣʦѧԱǾˣʦɡ
ȻֶŵģҲȥˣȼѵ
ðɣСÿɱ˽Ŷ
Ůʦһ˫ˮһһӣõĺһվλʦһԣȴɷջõ˼Ƥһأڡ
ȻڳҲйôһ룬һŮʦ̵ԼǡǰһŮʦûǣȴû˾ԼԵ
ЩѧԱ¶ɫʦҲȥջЩѧԱ˶Ǳ¶һ̬ĳһ˿һҲ
˵ЧԾͱǸŮʦҪǿĶ࣬ѧԱǸŮʦȴܵѧԱǵ䣬ĿⶼǱȥ
̫ҡˣˣ˿һ۾ͻ٣첱Ӵ֣˭ҪѡΪʦǱ¶ԼǱо
ȻܶѧԱЩĶǣǿסˡ
ǿûԼǧʥѧĿģ
ԣ˿̳ϵԵЩ졭
ͬʱڴ͹վŵѧԱһ˹˳ʱţ͹ڵԽԽ٣ЩǰԵЩҡҡ׹ѧԱҲ˹
ֻǣǣȴվڴ͹ڣһƽվҡƺûѹԵúܹŹ֡
Ƹôûⲻܰ
峺Ŀ⣬ڷɨţһԵɻʵ
˵ԷƵ־̶ֳȵӰ죬Ӧ˲Ŷԣڣȴ޶ԣ벻ס
֪Ϊɣ
ҡҡͷʾס
͵ʱ䲢ã̶̵ʱڣܹʲôأ
Ҳ벻
һԵл׶¹ҲɻɫɵڷɨɨȥƺҪȷϷǷˡ
ʵƵɫͻָˣԵúƽͣƵҲֻǣȴΪʲôûѹһ
ⲻɻҲˣСţǷ־ǷƵ
ǼʦƵĿͲһˡ
ǿƲһǳƽˣЩУ츳ȻģǣȴҲǿǵı׼˵µȵѧԱѡ
ԣǵĿҲûйͣڷϣǸŮʦһ˫һȴڷɨɨȥģģƺǿʲôһõŮжЩޡ
ŮʦѵǺ꾫ģ
ܹΪʥѧĵʦ϶Ĳ֮㣬ӹɵģ
ֻǣƺƣŮзᣬЩˡ
ǸӣųŲѵķƣüͷҲ΢΢૵ܰ˵־ӦòŶ԰
ڸѧֵʱ̽ƣȻ׷Ʋ־ˣԣһʱҲ޷׼ȷж
ûãǶѾ½˹ΨֻзƻվŴ͹ڣ޶ԡ


1153 ҿ
ƵõɻõλʦҡͷǲΪλûѹ
⴫͹Ĵ͹̵Уȷǻһ˵ľһĴǣⶼѾȥСʱˣȴ޶ԣĺȽƽȣ˾ǷѾ˹ȥ
ʹҿǿʼʦɣصˡ
ԥǸ׷ԲԵĵʦǶһԵ˵
ǵʱȻ㲻ô󣬵ǣҲ˷һƽӹϡ
Сʱûѣ־ɼһ㣡
ǰºѡ˭ʹٴ˭ɣ
굼ʦҲ˵ȴõŮüͷ塣
ԣ˼ǿϷƣӷƣȻô˵أ
ŮУһжԷΪƲƵˣǵʦҲãǰǵʦݣŮҪڷˡ
ﵼʦɲǵ飬ȴҲõŮ
ǲѡʦѵȥѡǸŮʦ
ǽεεĻŮɵһƤһء
һʱ䣬ǵΪ֪ѡһʦȽϺá
ȿȣλʦѧԱ½ѧԱһ
ôһ˵Ҳǵ뷨ɿ˼ѵ
Ȼ֪ʲôԭõķûѹǣȴǾãƣЩ˵ģ
㣬̨ϵı֣Ѿˡ
ɽķƳֱֲ̫ˣһǣҲЩܲˡ
ԣǿֹ˼ʦĶԷƵı͡
һܹܡ塯塯ˣǿģӹɣ
ģ
ʦɵһͺһЩȻĿӡ
ʹղ˵ʲô
һ굼ʦǺȷٴʵ
˵Ǹˡһ½ѧԱġ
ӴһĨЦݣٴ˵
⡭
ʦɵһĿⶼ˷ϣϵɨš
ΪƲû¶ԣǿʱƲһʱȽǿӵ׼Եˡ
ôһˣôأ
ǵĿⲻɵ磬л׶ɨǣǣЩǣ˵ģȴûվһվƺĬһ
ȴõλʦɴһĨŨŨɻ
ǸţԼĿ⣬Ȼ῱ƲһʾСƨʵ
ֱǲܵ飡

ŮʦһȴǽЦд޵ģջõһЩһЩ죬Ҳ
ò˵Ůʦⷽ棬ȴȷһֻ֣ҪԣܵһӰ죬굼ʦҲЩ̫ڡ
Сܵҿˣ˭Ҳ
˿ǽεεģǣȴһƺ˭ҷͿļơ
⻰ŮжǾЩŤӷƣȴһ˿˿øС
ţһ˿˿
⻰һڣλʦüͷ
ĿǰֻӦԼˡ
ʹԲտƾ˵ģңҪǣǿڿƵʱ¶η塣
һЩͨ˵ηˣԲһ򵥵ˣ
ʹ˼ˡѵһαԵĵһ
Ǹ׷ԲԵĵʦһĨ⣬ʵ
Ǻǣû
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ
ҲסҲҪ
ԭˡ
ʦǶɵ¶һĨǳǳĿЦ΢΢ҡҡͷ
벻ԼȻп۵ʱ
ͬʱҲЩƽ
ΪȻǿƲ˷Ƶʵǣȴܹܹ࣬Щ˽Ѿ֤ǿ
Щ֮һ̣ǶԷƶɵŨŨȤƺҪƽʿһ
ˣһҪȡ
ж¶˾ġ
ǸŮʦĻȴǲ⣬ѧԱԼʦʦȨѧԱǵѡ
ǣǸȻ¶ԼԼӳĵĸĲoһõŶɵҪĤݵ
⵱ȻǽڵĽȻЩȫ鸽ȥˡ
ΪСȴõĸʦĸԸվԭصȴŷ
ǶһǿѧԱأ


1154 ͼ
淢Щ飬ȴһŲ֪˿̣ǳڸֳͼ档
ⷽͼΪˡϿڴķ۶ɵģ棬Ȼȥÿһ·Щ򣬵ǣʵÿһ·ڣԼĹɣԽǳ˽ȥԽǾƺܲ򵥡
ȻĴ󣬵ǣһЩųǲžܹ߱ôˣ˻ǸƵڶûŹ˵Ĵڡ
ݴЩųڵĴ͹󣬶ϹʱģΪģܹ۱ԿС
ԣֽ񾿾ûܹô͹ˣ˭Ҳ֪
ȴǾãԼԺڵƼ¼ҲԼҲܹҲ˵
룬ԼܹĲǽôһ
ԣԺڸֳⷽͼ֮󣬷ƾ޷˵ĳ˽ȥǲĿĲˣң˿ҲˣԼδ
һʱȥˡ
޶ԣûа㲨ƺ˯һ޷²Ǵһʲôľء
ҲΪĸʦûȥЩǣȻЩԹԣȴҲұ¶ֻεվԭصȺš
ʱתۼ
ǸŮʦ⣬ʦüͷ
˿Ѿװʱĸ˺òãҲҪ˷ĺһѵͲһԼ
ţ˶ɵЩˡ
ΪҲȷʲôʱѹԼѾװôˣһѹô죿ǰŬǰ׷
ΪһֱţάԼ˵̬Ҫⲻ֪һ̵ӡ󣬴ӶԼΪʦ
ȵһˣÿһεʦǱˣǰǻɵһ磬Ϊǵ۹վŵģȻŲٸʵǿ֮ǣ翴ȥ߱ĸߵơ
ǣʹǵõϢǷǿǱǽתƵ˷ƵϣңгǰĺģҪ˽ƾʲô֮ͬԲܹѹȺۡ
ʱȥ

ľɽУ쳹Ц֮ˮݺȴƺЯһЩֻζڡ
ʱЦģȻǸŮʦ˿㣬гЦЩ֦ҲǰǶԷҲϵ¶ţһȻĵĻȣǴ˿̣ȴû˸ҽĿϣȴѧԱЩ죬ҲЩ
ĽЦʦȴ΢΢ĳ鴤š
Ȼֻ֪ŮʦЦʲô
Ѿʱˣ
˭ܹϵһ﾿ôˣȻʱûѹһ̣ʦҪȥѷƵĳ嶯
ѧԱҲԼʦĸɵʱɣ
ͬʱлɣƾʲô飬Բʱûѣ
϶Ϊ͹Ӱ죡
㣬ʦȷ
־ٱˣһСʱҲˣʱûжԵЩˡ
ԣǶ϶Ӧǽ뵽ĳֶУ
ôһ룬вɵĵһ
뵽ֿĴ͹ڣû׼ٶܵһЩռѹӰ죬ǣҲٻһЩʣ
Լֲܱʣ
ǣǰǿδɵСޣȴڴ͹̵н˶״̬
ðɣǳϣԼֲţǲˣǣڴ͹̵ܹ״̬ģȴûŹ
ȻǸ򵥵Сһ
뵽ȥⶼûаи෴ģԵøӸߴ֮䣬ƺƴȵļ
ڽӽĸʱʱ򣬷ǽⷽͼ¼ңڻܹԿ϶ֻҪ͹ĲϣҲܹһĴ

һл³âһţţӡڵģoһӰ
ܹΪǿƣǰѾˣɽ̤أͷ죬һ˿ɣǰ˾ͶͿշأΪ֮޲Ϣתսǻָ
˫ںһеİ⣬ɴҡ˿壬һӰӡ
һ˲¶ɫλʦжǾãԼŬбҪģҲֵõģΪ٣ԼѾԼǿ󴫵ݸ˷ơ


1155 С
ӱسɴ
ķƾȻܹԼλʦ붯ݡ
ְԵģۣ޾ͬʱҲ֤ĳԽԼȻ˵ȻԶԡ
ηһУһǿҪģ
η壬ǻηηţʱ츳ǿҲ޷ټ¡
㣬Ϊʥѧĵʦзǳ
ǣҪ޾һУǣҲ޷ǿԼĶ֣˭ܹ̹Ȼ
ǰȴˣ
ʾѣԼڣûпɫеģǿԵս⣡
ûԼûη֮ģ෴ģз֮⣡
ѧԼҪ

һĽЦٴ𣬷ֱ˱ǣһֻܷܷϮԼؿڣҪ룬ȴԼǱסˣΧأƺ̻ǽڣƲŲԵսҲܵص谭޷ų⣬ֻĿֻСԼڣȻ󡭡
קһӰ
ŶǺǡÿɰССܵܣ͸Сɣ
ƾؿһᣬʱӱǻָղŵĽǴһ죬ڸղţоֻܷܷ֣ǷԼĲϣͿ׵ȡԼ
ţ߱ʹһεε˹ͷ֣Ҳ䲻һо˶ʮļƤȫڵˡ
ǰһӵһ˫ˮһ۵ķŮǰ쳣ıһһģƺʱἷ¶ΪÿӦÿĶæƫͷȥȥֱ˫ͦ˫塣
ʱŮУץһë׵ѩ׵ƤëӨССӣһѩһȥΪɰֻǣȴǱŮץŲţôצҲŮ˿
رŮ³СǱʯһڣǳıŭ
ֻǣЩȴǱŮֱˣ෴ģڻУḧͷ­ǵһèһ˫ˮһڣĪĹ
ͻȻĶ˽δʹʦӦʱѾһϵеĶ
ৡ
Ӱڷǰм䡣
ˡ
ǿŽЦֹŮʦҧѣڣŭ𣬴
Ů˺ò֪߳ܣȻڵϷԼĺƸ磬޷̵ģǵʦΣǲʦԼһߡ
ԣǶסվ˳
С򻹸ǣ
Բ˴۾ĺǳ
Ȼܹ뵽ԼС߿ʯ¶οɫ
ߣ
ҲŭĿӣǹ˼ǿֻҪֿˡ

Ůʦûжŭ෴ģЦĻ֦ҲǴȻ֮ЦõĳԶǺܵ
ȴΪȻһ˫гС򣬿һÿɰ֣ҺϲСãҵѧԱȻСǽҵˣ
Цĺܻ죬ң˼ɵĿвõŮɫǳȥǲÿңʦҲˣƣ˹
ʲôЦһҪŮͷһߣ
Ҳ޷̵ģ
ƵüͷҲеŹֵǣΪСȻûѣ
СȻǿǣٶȴӹɵģҲκβңôҲͿڻгԹ
ڣôᱻȥҲǶʮŮӸץסأ
ʥѧĵʦ
΢΢һ
֪ǳƶ̶ֳȵǿߣǳЩʦС
ɼǵ֮ǿ
ŮܹץסС򣬸֤Ĳ
ͬʱŮȻܹվԼǰů
ˣ򸴺󣿣
ȿȣʦôѧԺĹ򡣡
ʹǶæվ˳ѵ
ʦǿģȻ˻ʸʹǣȴҲ޷ƺЩʦ෴ģҲҪƵʦУ
ԣΣҲֻ̧ʥѧĹѹˡ

Ů콿Цһλʦʹݣ˵ҿûΪǣֻǶѡôֻСҲ𣿡
ٴСƣСھ޾裬Ҫѣǣͷḧֻܷܷ־һɽһѹͷϣãֻĿſŷƣ¶ȵ⡣


1156 켫Ժĵʦ
⻰ֹŮƴüͷͬʱʦҲͬüͷͬʱǵĿⶼŮʦеСϣҪⶫʲô֮ͬ
ڶ¶Ȼɫ
ΪֻСڣȻûаĲôȥֻС޳˳Щɰ֮⣬ȴûаô
ֺôĳôڷƻأ
һЩ޷޲ƽŮλʦЩȻ
ŮȻǻϲһЩĳǰŮʦҲһ𣿶ˣ
ϣҲôĶ
λʦҲˣһģпܣһ˵ľӰ쵽ˡ
ԣһˣ͵ˣ
ȻҲòͷǿȥǺôСȴǱֱӺˡ
ΪֶҲӰ첻Լѡ

Ůʦû˿Ľ֮⣬ˮһ۳ŷһۣŮŭĿ£ȴתص˸ղŵλϣﶺ˻еСδΧĿ⡣
СһѲˣҲſſķؿڵǶԷϣǡȻһĨĻȡ
üͷˡ֡
С˵ǼΪҪģôӶȥǲġ
ֻǣǰŮӣȴʥѧĵʦϸԼĿǰʵҲκβ
ˣλѧԱʦˡ
ʦҲصԭλ֮ʹһ۷ˣǶ˵
һʱ䳡ϾЩɧ󲿷ŶǳԼѾѡõĵʦȥʱǸ׷ԲԵվ˺ܶţΨֻǸŮʦһƬ壬û˭
Ϊ˿ȻŮûǹ֪Ѿ˶ˣҲǻǧҲ˵أ
ңܲ˵ǣҲЩá
ҲһЩΪûԣҲûѡ񡭡
磬л׶¹أ顭һϯƮƮѩĮ
ȻȥǣĿȴҲʱŷߡ
ȻϴηѾܾҲûģҪ׷ߣ
ȷδ֪ǣҲǳЩ飬Լ֪ܹ쵽ģ㹻ȥȡУ
ѡ˷ƣͲı䣬ǣֱȷƸǿˣ


һЩֲ˼С˿ĿĸʦɨȴûĶļ
ûʦȷһǿӡѡǿΪԼʦߣҲңǷںɽ磬ǰԥѡ
ǣΪ뿪ʱµǾ仰ȴǾҪǸ֪ǳ켫Ժ
ʹˣһ£һλʦ켫Ժģ
ԥǶһԲԶʹʵ
⻰һڣʱǸ׷ԲԵĵʦ굼ʦɫһ䣬Щѿ
⡭
ʹҲΪĿĿⲻһۣһҲûеŮʦǶŷȰСӣ˻ʸĴԺǲָµģѡԼǵĵʦ
⻰ʦɫ΢΢һҲЩŵĿŷơ
ллʹ˹ģһҪѡ켫Ժĵʦ
ƵһЦɺǴݵ˵
ţƿ϶ẦԼǰԼˡ
˼ᶨõŮһڣʦɫһ䣬رʦɫЩࡣ
˭Ҳû뵽ƾȻʦ
ȻӦἰ켫ԺŶԣȻҲ˵ļ
ŶǺǡ
һŵЦʱЩĳ쳹˱ǸŮʦһ˫һгһߣֱֱŷƣнεε˵СܵܣȻҪͶҵĻŶǺǡ
õ˼Ƥʱ͵һأɫҲһ䣬ӿһɲԤУĿλʦɨͣʹϡ
š
ֱ£ʹ˵ͷŷƵĿЩŹ֡
Ƹ磡
Ůһʱͼˣ߹ֱۡ
Ƹ粻ҪǲҪ꾫һ𡣡
ЩݺݵĵһԶסЦŮʦͷһζŷ
ǰǰƸ磬Ǹ׺үүͲѡɡ
ҲһֱֻȰ˵õǸ׷ԲԵĵʦЩ⡣
˵ȷǼˣŮʦԾͶԷŲͼѡ


1157 
ڷеӡվҲţƲẦԼὫԼˡ
ǣڵ֪ǸԿȥõŮȻ켫ԺĵʦʱоⲻǽԼˣǰԼƣ
˿̣ȫ˶ЩȻǲ׷Ϊλѡ񣬾Ҫһͬл׶顭üͷҲ
Ǻ£ԼѡŮΪʦǲǻᱻԵͷʣ£
ƼȻûнʥѧѡȻĵڣҲ켫ԺڣһЩΪ֪
ֿԼ󣬱ϾƿȥҲçײˣּɫˡȿȣд졣
ϾһѾӵ绨Ľˣ֪ǲǶŮʦˡ
ֻ¹أһĲںڷƻ֮¶ģһҪˡ
оԼֻڷƵȭ£ٴεõߵ
ҪһߵĿҲࡣ
ʵǲܹƳɽΪУѱȽϻ㡣

ĻƵüͷҲ
ǰŮӣȷټŮһ磬ÿһޱȵȻģߡ
ǣǴ󵨻𱬵ԸȴЩмܣҲõķԭѾ϶飬һЩɶˡ
ףǰĸʦÿһޱǿģҲԼ·ԣѡҲһҪѡŮӡ
ֻǣƼȻԸˣôп޼Ժھʹй顣
һʱ޷ˡ
ҡ
Ů˫ˮǿÿιҪ˵ȴֳȥһʱ䣬ϹŨŨĿЦ
ʱϵգȻЩ
˿̣˶ףƵľʹǰ˵ľ
ôӴһ顭
ȻͲ˵ˣ֮壬磬л׶¹أӵɽĸ飬С칬ѩĮ
΢㣬˶ǼµǿѧԱеٮٮߣҲ˵ǾڣĸʦܹõôһѧԱζܹЦˣԺҲԿ£ƾţٸߵλá
ȿȣСֵܣʥѧʦǲǿģʹòֶα㣬ֻҪ˵˻ʸȻһع
ԥǸ׷ԲԵĵʦЩˣѵ
ԣΪڰܵвȻҲǳԺѡ
ǰǡʹҲڣ㲻ֱ˵
һ굼ʦźۼһһԵŮӣǶŷ˵š
ǿ漱ˣֻһˣ⻹ûʲôȻ½ѧԱеľһ룬ôֵ
лλʦĹģСӲûܵ˵в
ˣЩܳЦҡҡͷֵлĿҲλʦɨƺҪʦ
Сܵܣȷ𣿡
εεʱٴͻأֻŮʦЦ绨۾г׵Ҳ¶˳һֻܷܷ֣ȴԭеСϻİëõСҵţʯڣʹ࣬ȴҲѲĽ
С򣡡
ʹۿڴתҲ΢΢ĳ鴤š
˲֪СҪԣ֪
ҲҪҵϣҪأǱŮʦŰˣ֪
ʦôԳҪЮʦأ
ǰʦ൱ΥԺ˰
ʦǽﻹǰɣ
ʦǿ˵ˣǣ֪ΪΣܾãʦЩηȥΪŮʦ˵ҲǼΪίƺһԵüΪŹ֡

Ůʦȴ˿ûںЩЦƺЯ˵⣬Щ˵Сû֮ô˵ǵأѵҪ˶۸СŮ𣿡
һ仰ȴǶµλʦ˵ɫЩ
ȷСϸûӡǣҲ˵ǷƵġ
ⲻЩˣ벻ͨΪηŮ˵ںֻС
Ƹ磬ȾС򰡡
קŷƵֱۣ˵
š
ϸɨλʦɫ֮ԺֻһĨ⣬ͷ˵Сֻܵһλ켫Ժǰָ㣬ԡСӻҪѡ켫Ժ
ǻӣҲֻѡȥˣ


1158 
Ƶѡ񣬳˵֮⣬ǣɣȴ޷
Ϊܹ켫Ժ˶ݣѡ켫ԺλʦҪҲҲʲôʵɡ
Ѳ˼壿
ⲻλʦɫȥŮҲǲĿ
ΪǴûᵽⷽ顣
ǰ֪켫Ժȴ˳Ա棬֮ǰ϶Ӵ켫Ժص˻
ŷǴǸεɫŮҲûа취ٲԸ⣬ٲģҲֻѡ켫ԺˣȻҪͷƷֿˣ
Сܵԡ
ŮʦЦĻ֦Ҳǰǲһӿ˵ģлõ˼ƤһأͬʱҲſ˶СĽ
С򡣡
ŷɱСʹḧţҲװģ۾ˮһƬ
أ
ŮӵĿ˵ɨȻǹĵķʣȴõĲ
ѡ񡭡켫Ժ
Ҳǡ
Ůԥ˾
ǲҪԼĺƸֿңΪѡŮӣԣǾ͸Ӧڷ߿סȻԼĺƸ类꾫һŮˣеͷʣҲпܡ
Ҳѡ켫Ժ
¹Щ˵ţֱЦ
ںЩ͵ǽĵŮʦΪˣѡĸʦֻҪлһС
ҡҲ켫Ժ
л׶ǳ˳飬۾˵
˶࣬ҲԼϾôȥŮӶԷƵȤӦûҪһЩôһ룬ҲͻˣҳŷƲЦЦ
ǺĽƵһˣǰòʵŮʦҲһ顯ϧֻ޸ˡ
֮󣬸ѩĮѡ켫Ժ
ȴõķüͷźۼ
ѩĮ˼ǺһԼ׼û¡
û𣿡
һĨ⡣
ҪԼˣδҲ̫ˣ¶ģֻҪѩĮ߶ԼߵˣԲ
ϷԵʦõȫ˶ЩȻԭûһѡŮʦȴһ˽뾫˹ȥõʦɫЩڳģźϣȴû˵ʲôƺŮʦΪ˼һ
ˣһѧԱͽλʦˣҲҪȥˡ
ʹ仰λʦ˹֣һʣתۣȺɽС
߰ɡ
Ůʦûȥ˼ߵλʦĸܣ֣һεס˷ƼˣţǱɼڿն߾ɫ֮䣬Ǳһɽ֮ڣȵվһ㳡֮ϡ
ǿʵ
һļ£ɫЩء
Ůʦȥ޺ʵȴӵͬΪʦ˹˼ɣ
㣬Ѿĺͨ͸ȻλʦԲ׵ķĻҲҷ
һ߷ɺһöֻʮѧ֡
ʥɳһʮѧ֣˾ûˡ
ٰۣôѧ֣ûУ
вС
ڴָõķƳ񣬲ǿʼߵһ
һСĹ㳡ΧһЩϵĽ¥ҲдԺֲȺɽ֮䡣
⴦㳡֮ϣܶڰ̯ҲڽףЩ볳ֵǴǿзġ
âһȴǷ֣㳡ϵˣһҲ͸
ѵȫʥϣ
г鴤ţǰҲмˣȫʥףδҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ֲŻȻĻع
ʥѧûʲôģΪܹˣʾ磬ܹͨ˽ˣͻʥףȫûʲô⡣
ʮһΣȻͶˡ
Ϊһѧֶ첱ӴֵģһЩСڵо֮ͽһвЩȻ
ѧֱĻҪãһЩܹΪҩ֮ҩȻŻʮѧ֣ɼһ㡣
ԼǼ˴˰һٸѧ֣ܹȡʮҩ֮ˣ
ʱԼƺһЩҩ֮ͿũҩʵˣʥѧڣҪռӦúһ׵顣
ʱȴҲûҪѧȥ
һѧ֣ܹڡ֮ءһСʱɲô˷ˡ
ͬʱ㳡Ϊһ˵˶Ϊ֮ĿǿŮʦʱȴͬʲôֲЫһɫҰ׵תͷȥЩ˹㳡ΧһЩԺ䵱С


1159 ֲӰ
ˣ߽ĲҿõķƵ˵ɫȥ
Ůʦʲô˵飬õĹ㳡Щ˷Ӧ˾ң
ʱλʦۣܹվĺܽƺѾһ˲ˣ

״ŮʦٴνЦƺǼʲôһгнһЩƤСôֲ𣿡
˵ãһ˵ͬ߹󲿷ɫҰ׵ĳŹ㳡ⱼȥɽ֮ڣԭղŻֵĹ㳡˿̾ʣȼ˹򶨵ĻɫҲǺܹŹ̧֣ͷ
ӰҲǡƥˣ
һ̣Ƶ˶ɵΪԼԺ˰
Щ˻ãԼĵʦһӵĵطԼأԼȥӰ
ǳ˳飬Щڵʱ嶯ˣŮл׶鶼ǿһΨ񾭴¹أ͹ŵѩĮƺûܵӰ죬¹һһֱл׶Ƶ񣬸ȥעЩ
ɼУսûˡ
ǲЫЩô£
ףǺ񶼲ʾ磬ֻ˷ʥѡ
ѵһڵ½ѧԱ
ɣǾȻѡЫʦѵǱòԻˣ
ꡭС㣬𣿡
㳡֮һЩ¥ڴŮʦĿɨȥʱЩ֮Ȼˣ¥֮ڣĺܣɽ֮ڳ˳УֻʣһЩಡƿ֮תۼ䣬Щ¥֮ڵ˱ֻ࣬ϡϡ˻档
һ̣Ƶ˵Ķˡ
ӵòĵʦһʲô˰ô캦飬ܹӵ˿¿ηӰ
Ы
񣬻ͦеģ
СһǣǿɱЩֻᵷСһ˵Ҷ˿ˡ
˼Ƶ˶ʯڵûתЦ˵˿ۣõķƵһǺһѩĮɫҲЩ࣬Ҳֻ¹һӻֱĹĵĿˡ
֪ӵòĵʦӵ˿µӰҲԲѡʦ
᣿
ȷȥǺġ
Ƹ硭
ҰһƬקŷƵ䣬ȥֱ
û£¡
ǽӲĳ˳飬ֱοţȴѾĳǧ顣
ģ켫ԺҲʦټ͸ҡƣ
ݶҧˣŮ̵̻ɫ۵Ҫ
СһǣŶȻһɾͻúõ۰ǵģ
Ůʦһ۷ƣһܵЦƮȻתǴһĨЩĻȣҡҷˮ߰ŲԶһš켫Ժҵ¥ȥ
˳вõһԥˣǿ첽ȥ
ȻѾѡˣûõģʦҲûǸѧԱԣֻˣ
ιôˣ
ķǶ̳һģ¹غɵʵ
ֻЩηŮʦֻǿЩ˲η
ˣΪܶҲôԴģ
ٺ٣
ţһЦƺ֪һõķǶ޵ġ
һﾹȻҳЦԼƤ˲ɣ
Ƶ˺ݺݵĵһۡ
𣡡Ҫ𣿣
л׶ɹʱ¹ֱӾͷˣһ˷ܣ𣬴õıĵķƵһ඼Ӻˡ
˭ܹϵһͻȻķ񾭣
⵹ùأأ
¹ؾ쵽ЩԾˣܵԷƵвӣڨڨһЦջƣĿŮʦıӰϣһΪɵĻ⻺˵ʦͦƯģٺ١
ƣ
Ů
л׶ˣ
Сܵܵ˵˾ʵԺָġ
ŮʦתϵЦݣ绨һʢȻ
лʦٺ١
¹һʱھӲӣĵĲˣƨƨߵľͳ˹ȥҿлµĵʦҵ˵Ҫܹһ˺µˣǿߡҿʦǿߣ
һƨĵĲνãŮʦϵЦ΢΢ҲЩ


1160 С

Ĳҽԭľɽ쳹治ҽصǧ֮⣬˲Ŀľ
ã
ǱŮʦ۰¹أһд飬ʹЦˡ
һƨĵĲνðҪţ񾭴ļһ֮⣬켫ԺӦöû˸˵ʵ
ϧȻƨ˵˳³ȻǺܲңʣҲһƬ׵ϸߡ
һʱڣΪС˳صҲ΢Щ
Сܵܣ´ô㣬һ۰ģ𣿡
Ůʦ´˵Цݣ¹׵ĸƵӣεεĻ˵ȴΪĶʹġֱۡУˮ
ǵãڵƤˣȻǶģ
ŮʦһۣõķһƮƮȻתȥ³Ŀĵȥ
߰ɡ
ƽӲЦЦС֣һ˸ȥ
һί벻¹ߣǶͶֻĿ⣬ǲɻ
ιǵȵң
¹غһһ죬СŸȥ
֪߲η
ҵ죬ǾȻЫµѧԱ
ԺкϷˣٺ٣ڴ
ŷһ߽ˡ켫Ժ¥ڣԶһЩ̾Ϣ뾪̾Ŀ⣬һЩֻⲻɵõķƵ˵һŲˣŮʦǾв֮£ǻɼĳǰţÿһǧǻ
СӣǵǼһ¡
˹̨ǰŮʦһ㶼Ķڹ̨Ǹ˵
̵ʦ
ǸƺǺԵĳ˳飬ҲǴſĿǳƺ
ͬʱзƵҲ֪Ůʦ֣̣
ԭһΪֻ֣ǣмġСȴǽֵƻˣԵЩײࡣ
ʵģȴǡޱȵİ䣡
ˣòɣǣƢ˵ãáСٺʲˣôķϻϽǵǼˣ
ȴЩͷһڹ̨ϣǸҲԱһ
õĺõġ
ǰԵЩΨΨŵŵĿƵ˵ʱڲɵһĨϧɫ
ĺӣôԼأ
ɲãǰŮɲƢԸ
һɨƵһߵ̨ǰ׼Ǽǡ
óǵ
ߵĿһ۷ƣûʲôе˵ţָһ¹ģ
̸ҺĴڣƿɲңóԼݸߡ
ף
ķЩǵĴڣ߲ɵľһǲĿŷƣһĨ˵ľ⣬ţɫŨˡ
һӵһٸѧֵ½ѧԱʲôȻǷǳɻԷƱ濴ȥʵȡôȵһģ
ûȥʣֱӾ͵Ǽһֲݸ˷ƣſ˵ͨѧԱǵϸѧԱֲᣬ𣿡
õġ
ͷˮĽӹһֲԼ壬ߵһԣŴֲῴ
ԭʥѧڣѧԱֳɰ˸ȼֱϣͨ࣬ȣƣ̣࣬ϡ
ڣƾֻʥѧͨѧԱѣûκȨǣǳ༶ѧԱǾͲͬˣΪ༶ѧԱ֮󣬾Ϳÿۼƻһѧ֣ôһͿԻʮѧ֣Ҳ˵ֻҪΪ༶ѧԱһʲôҲԽ롮֮ءʮ죡
ȼѧԱ͸Ӳͬÿۼѧ֣ƼѧԱÿۼϼѧԱÿۼƻ߸ѧ֣
Ҳ˵ܹΪϼѧԱôÿʲôԻý롮֮ء߸Сʱʱ䣡
˵ƲɵһĶǣſȥ֮ȵģĳ
ҪΪһѧԱͱɸõȼ񣬲ſԻ֤
ֻҪӵˣܹĵЩ񣬾Էͬһ㣬ʥѧԲװ׵ѧֵģ
ڴڵġ켫Ժ¥켫ԺѧԱȡĵطһ¥һΣ
ڷƵ˴ڵλãͨѧԱȡĵطԣſտһƬûͣ
֮󣬷ƿЦҡҡͷֲ˽ָվһԣȴǡ
̵Ŀ⻺ɨǣȻ


1161 ʮ
ѧԱĵȼѧֵƶȣʥѧڣһֱΪģǼѧԱǻྺɳرǡ֮ءĴڣõѧԱΪ֮
һܱһ깦˭Ҳܲջ
ԣֻҪʥѧһ񣬶ڶѧԱΪ֮ƴΪģҪ񣬻ѧ֣
һ˴ʱȴͨѧԱûκεȨһ༶񣬲ȻͻһֱֻͨѧԱֻܽȡһЩѧֵҲò˶ѧ֡
ԣֻҪǽʥѧѧԱһ£϶Ҫų༶ѧԱ̣ÿԻһĻ֡
ܺãǱַǳҺ⣡
ķһѾǼϣĵЦŨڷƵҪһµʱ򣬽һ仰ǽǴ˵
ڣҽܽ༶ѧԱʮһǡʱ˭ûɣҶӵĻһúõ۰ģ𣿣
˿ۣһɨһõһر¹أɫҰס
۰ˣɫ׿ɶûȥ
ɼֵֻܷܷˡ

ϯһܵЦ˲ʧԭأǹһ㣬޺ۼԣһ磬ɢ١
ʮ죿
л׶г鱩͹Ǽ飬һʹɫˡ
ɫҲЩÿҰףȻ༶ѧԱѶȣѶȿ϶һ㣬ԭһƵѩĮ˿̣ɫҲЩأǳתȴǿǰһƬ˾أɫһƬ
ҪôҪǸŮ˸ĥ
ĲǣȴҲ֪겻ǸŮ˲µԻ˵ģ
һһƬ׵ϸߵ¹أѩĮһ񺮣䲻Ĵ˸
ߵǱһŮ˵裬һΪʣ
ڵҪֿôֻһ;
ôˣ
ɫǱ仯¹ɻİգһ۾ʵ
죡
˼ͬĺ
ղŵ˻ûأǿСӲűŰȥһ˵
һֱǲ֪ν
ҲܹСʥѧĿģֻΪѰǿĶ֣ڽ༶ѶȣǺ֪顣
ʮ졭
̨Ǹ΢΢˳飬ٴϧĿһ۷Ƶˡ
Ҳǳ벻ףΪЩ츳Сһǻѡֵʦأ
˵ɫԻǰ˸˵УŮӡ
ѵŰ򣿡
ɫ΢΢ҡҡͷʾԼ޷⣬켫ԺܹյһѧԱҲһĨϲ
ιǼҪҪҿûʱĥĥģ
ϵɫ䵭ĺʵ
ǽСһڿԼסרԼġЩһﵹãȻԼϵȵ磬б°
ˣȻͲ
⻰Ƕ˹
ǿɵ鲻ˣ
ʮʱ䣬ô˷һ죬ǲǵù͸
ʣ༶ѧԱνӵģ
̨ǰƴŹʵ
ǰɲ⣬ɲܵͣô죿
պһ༶ֻҪˣȫͨ༶ˡôҪҪӣ
߹ĵʵ
Ŷģ
һߵ˵ͷ֮ſˣʵǾô
ǾͽӰɣ༶񡭡Ը̫ѣ
΢ԥһͨˣֻѩĮüͷ΢΢
ѩҪҪһ𣿡
ûʲôȶȵƳһۣʵ
Ȼ
ѩĮŵһЦ˵ͷ
ûȷܹԤ֪һЩδҪ飬ǣҲ͸ţҪǣ֪ҲҪܹıа
Ǿͽɣ
ת˵

ԷΪ׵߿УӦһŴӹ̨ڣóһһ˵Ϣ̫һѣ˿ڹҡˮǡȥ֧Ԯֱ˻̫أߡǽΪֹ
ɣ༶Ҫȥ̫صĹޣ
˵꣬л׶ǾгһĴ벻˼飬˶ɫҰס


1162 ̫
̫أ
һΪϵĽأƺһͨƺڰ½ʹˣһֱĽߣûлĿܣдԣ֮Ǵ۵İϢ֮أΪ꣬뵽̫֮ڣûٳ
ң̫ڣһЩµĹޣǿߣܹ˺ʥ۾ǲԸܵţԣѡ̫ڰϢ
ȻЩǲ²ѣΣȴûܹ֪
ֻ֮Ҫ̫أ;û취ų˵ģ̫ڵĹޣͲһܹ˵ģ
ԣл׶һȻҪԼЩǴСһȥ̫صĹޣʱһɫˡ
ƣȻû̫أǣȻǰ½ϵĽأǾԾĿֲ
л׶ѾûɫӾ֪ˡ
ѩĮҲɫЩϣ˸û֮ǰĳ̬˿̵ͷûʲô
ɲҪڵĸо
Իһ𣿡
Ƴ˳Щ񣬲ǶԹ̨ʵ
ϻôõ£
߷˷ۣҲ֪ǲҪܵйϣµѾˣأһֻܽһǷˣǾֻˡ
⡭
ɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼ
ûй涨ʱ䣬ǻȵ𣬵ڣǷˣɾ൱ǵһʱ䰡
Ҫǣ˭֪ʱǲǻ񣬻߱ѵ
Щ˵ģҿģƺпܡ
ֻǣ׵ǣΪһ༶񣬾Ȼ̫ϵأ
ԾͲʵ˵ϼҲӦò̶ȶѡ
ѵ
һĨ⣬ʵЩ̫ܳĹޡ̶Σ
ôһʣ˲һĿⶼǷߵϡ
Ѿ˵ˣڹˮǡ
һĨɼͣɰۣԵЩ͵˵
ŶҲ˵û
һ̣Ƶг׵ˡ
Ӧ̫ΧģȻˮǣͱ̤ƽˣڻܹȥȣӦû̫ء
뵽㣬ǵɫǻȥűǵǼǺãƣ߳޼Ժ¥
ҲΨˣ
ৣ
ߺ󲻾ãһ죬һϯɫȹٴγ޼Ժ¥ڡ
ǽˣ
һ۹̨ߣʵ
Ѿˡ
΢΢˳飬˵ͷֲЩɻʵ̫صĹޣһ㶼ǳڳߵУôͻȻľء
ţͫ΢΢һ̣ȵĵ⾪ѵİɣ
֪̫˿ɲŶ
ӵɨһۣһЦתʧ

һ΢΢һ̾Сǣôѡϡʦأ
ҡҡͷҲվ¥ȥ

̫ڣһƬɣǧɽһƬڣۿȥǰ谭ߣ˿ڵ
ʱģŨдһЩ֮ͨͨһЩ޺ģɼľҪԶ˵ȥˡ
ǣ̫ΧΪֵΡ̬ȴܹһĽΪϼ𡯣ֽͨ鷲⣬ܹõϼǲ㹻ܹʥ
ԣ̫ܱߣһУˮǣרΪռϼ𡯡
ɴ˿ɼ½ϵԴǺɽ磬Ҳ޷⣬ѹָ嶼½̡
˿̣ˮȴܵ˹޵Ϯ
ЩڰϮûɶԱڣƾųеĻ֣Ҳǿļ
Щޣ༫ΪɲףȣÿһбһӻҪĴ׳һµͷ­ܲϴͬǵеħһǿɲ
ң£һƬƬƴСĵɫƬչҫ£˸ɭĹ󣬾ǸɣһֺȵӾ
ЩĿֲÿһͷٶﵽ۷徳磬һ£ضҪϼѹѹһƬڳΧͷ֮࣬ңԶ֮ڣǻһ˫˫ͨµڿţƺֻҪһƣͻȺϣڵȫɱɾ


1163 Ƶľ
𣡡
޺죬֮ϵƲҲɢˣһͷͷħһµĹޣڴĺţ壬˿̣ƺΪŭܵһ
̡̣
׹ƺڲţرϣһѷ졣
˿̣ͷڹˮǡ
䣬ۼףһ㱡ƣõǿȥһظУÿһεľ㣬õĳеķ־ҵĲţƺʱܻ顣
ģôһôޣ
ˮǵĳվųǽ֮ϣųЩĹޣɵҧ
ΪҲ۷ѣˮˣΪߣԲűƾΪ
Ѿʮˮˣûг⣬ǰйѣҲһͷѣܹʰĹ
ǣųΪͷޣľΪˡ
ֶֻܹã
ֲͷһԵʦүʵ
ڵ࡭ܼ߰ң
ʦүҲһ۷ǿߣ˿üͷǵǵ˵
⻰ֵüͷ

һ۳ڵµĳΧһѪĻ̾һ˵Ѿ֪ͨʥ𣿡
֪ͨˣҲԮѾڸ·ϡ
ʦү˵ͷش
š
ֵ˵ͷ΢˿صķԸԮûиô׼ͻΧܹӳһһ𣿡
ף
ʦү˵ͷȥȥˡ
ԸܹһЩǿԮ
һԶ֮һ˫˫ͨʱ졣
һôĹޣҲ֮ϵĹ޴Ҳ˵أ
Ҳֻˣ
ڣˮʵпˣսĿɣϼԽԽ٣ʮ꣬ҲŵõѣûôȻҲֲĳ
ҲʥѾҲ˵ǣڣˣѣ޷ȥңΪҲΣӻԼĳ

ȵ·ˣһǺˡ
ΪûֱǰˮǵĴ͹
̫أ̫Σˣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬һпܻ޷ֲĴѡ
ԣˮǵһΪԪǡĴǳ֮󣬷ֻԼȥ
ɸƿ˿ռ䣬һ˽ռ֮ڡ
жԶ
ƶڿͼл׶ʵ
ƣڵĽƣҲҪң
л׶ɬЩյ˵
ʲôôҪʮ겻ɵĻҪˣ
仰¹ȴˣʱ۾Բˣܼµ
ǼסˣֻʮޣڣֻǸ·ԼҲ޷Ϲȥ˰
㻹֪
˲ɵٴεһۣδӣжǳ鴤š
һ¸жأ
Ǳȥˣ
Ƴǿˡ
ô
ɻĿ
ٶ̫ˣһȥٶȣʮ֮ڣ޷ءҿҺ͸ȥ㹻ˡ
ƽԼľ˵˳
л׶ʵǲǣȴûнʥף޷ռ䣬Ҫ˴С
˸ܹ֮⣬ֻԼˡ
оԵģٶһ룡
ΪǻͻʵĹ޴ڣһ˸ȥˣϸ飬Ϊ˱
ȥ
л׶¹أ飬ѩĮɻĿ
ǲ겻ĻڰԪǣ
Ϊǻϲһ˻һ޼ʵĺڰС
ٶôô죿
Ļл׶Ӷɳˣһѵͻʥˣ
ٶȣǸղŵһ࣬Ҳѹᾪˡ
ôо񣬸ղԼһƺֻ׸ѡ
ŮȴȻһЦز
ǷƵܣ
֡ôһƬˣ
һԵѩĮڵǳȥ૵˵
ԭأƹڷȥ֮󣬾ȻĻָһƬʣֻһЩѡ

ˮڣһƬҵ˶ѾһڻٶΧм䣬ʱ׼ͻΧȥ
磬Ϊֵļǹĸˣ˿̣ڷϣȻһѷһĺۼò˶ãҪˣ
ѾȲˣ
̾ϢһĿǴҪѵĵط˴ӳȥ
Ȼ֪ܹߵļʲߣǣȴҪƴһ
꣡
һ죬ѺۼӾ磬ۿҪѿ
壡
һĨ⣬һʦүмǴﵽ۷徳һͬǴѷ촦ȥĻǴһڳ


1164 ʥ
һƬȿµĵ죬ֱϾƺ⣬Ƭصİڡ
ŨŨĻʵһ޷ơ
̫ء
ڸ߿ϣһ˫ƣȼţΪƺ͸ܹرһ
ãҡҡͷ滺ĳȥ
Ŀǰﵽ켶۷徳Ҳֻܹǧ׾ѣô̫صıò޷ֻܿΧشѡ
𾪣
Ϊռڣʥ׵˴ŷߣ෴ģٶȶǷģѾɷʥķʥȴǳΪ˷Ƶ׸ٶȣ
ֱǹﰡ
ип֮࣬ȴҲûжʣȴףɻûʩչȫʵ񣬵ΪֹصɴÿһǶѡ
߰ɡ
óͼһۣƱ˸кһͬˮǷȥ
û취󴳽أֻڸǧ׵ĵطռˡ
Ϊռ֮ڣһƣ
һƬµľЩŨʵʵѾһƬضڣϵ£ռ䣬ڣη㡣
𣡡
̡
ԶԶģ޺װ쳹õķɫһ䣬ûԥ˻һ⣬ʣ޺Դ֮


һѿֱһѺĴ󵶳ɱ˳ŨԪŴ󵶣ǳſһͷ޸һûƬǵİ߻ȥ
ˮľ飬Щޣͷ­ܲƬˣǣΨ⸹ϸСİߣȴ㣬ֻҪһضͻᱻƶǡ

Ըֵľ飬͵Ϯһֱӵ֣һĹâͷ֮Ӵ޸ƿ೦ӣһͷ޷һĲҽУ
⣬ʦүĸҲͬﵽ۷ˣǳ˳ͬһðĳҪΪԼѣɱһѪ·
ǣǵȺ޵УԵ̫ˣΧĹ޶ΧǲΧЩûдķֳʱ򣬸ּ˾Ѿ޶ɳѪ˷֮ڣڵѪŶѾȥһϢҲûˡ
𣡡
ҪĵطϢϯؼ䣬Ϣ٣ˮǵг񣬶һҡ
ˣ
ڵϣʹı۾ȴĽ١
ԭлһӳȥǣûôֱڣҲڣ
󣡡
һĺǳ쳹ţˮǵĳǱǿӰ
ӲӣףǴ˵еսһֳһЯ׹ľ޽һһЩħһĹޣͱնأʺѪһЩǹƬ޽֮£ֽһն˺ȺУ󿪴ϣڶ޶һɱ죬ɫȾˡ
һƬµɱڶܵƣǻعͷѪϢҵĳɱȥͶ㣬𶯿ռ䣬ռ䵴սϯȥҪֱ֮ɱ

ɫľ޽һǻʣʱͱն룬磬˷Űȥ⵹һԳɱĹ꣬Ļ߰ģ޽ֻܹһĲҽУĺڰС
צ
ڵգֻһɽƣʱͳŽֵǼͷץȥһ⼸ͷǴﵽ۷ĹޣͱɽֻѪȥ
ɽ
ţֽԼĵ˳ģɫˮٲ㴹ȥˮǻڵС
𣡡
һеʱ򣬴Զдһ޺״죬Ǿϵ޽ͷСɽһСĹޣдżʮͷ˳һ˫ֱֱͨŸ飬ӣΧĿռǺһĵţʱľһڵѷ졣
ʣͷѾͻʾĹޣ˿̼ĸ֣Ŵ߳
ৣ
ƴӹȺվڸߣϲκλŵɫŸ˵ߡɽһ˾㹻ˣ
Ҫϰͷޣ


1165 ̫
飬õˮǵĳǿϣǣǿͷ߳Ȼ֮󣬶һңֱ̱ȥ
̶ֳȵĹޣ汲ļأӦõͻʥ׵Ĵڣ
ͷʥ׹ޣһѹļ䣬ϢоЩѡ
ԣʱ䶼ûУʱʹõ˵
ã
һͷ޵ǿȣ΢ԥһͽɽջУͷסԼǾͿ˭Ƚ
˵գǳͷȻɱȥ˿ռ䣬ڵռڴս
ӵСɽ̫صĹޣҲռ˱ˣ˿ù˼ɷһĹһѹͷޣǴʹ
ƣʱʹڳǰ£Ӳӣֳ֡ɱ۶ɵĺɫ޽ɱķȺ޴սȷѪ꣬µĵϣѾ˹޵ʬ壬ѪȾ˴أѪζǧ
֮췣ս⿪棬ǿܹ˺Щ޼ӲķǰֵһᣬĻ޽ܹһͷͷ޵һˣסϰͷ޵ȥ·õˮǵ˿Ŀɿڴ
ѵ٣
һЩѣҪ¹ߵл
һ̣ǽ˵˾ǣĬĬš
⡭ʥˡ
Ѿվ֮ڣҲһƬ𾪵ɫʱÿڸЩ˵
壬ڰ½Ҳһܴĵ̵ģ̫ؼΪɹ㣬ˮǣ̫صһǶѡ
ʥѧȻţҲ֪ʥҪֻǣﲻѡ
һʥѧˣ֪е֣ȫʵй޲
һ֮ˣȻֿܹסϰͷޣֱ޷飬ǣĸûгʮӣȴǰ쵽ˣ
ˣ޵Ǹ£
ı޴ѹЩ˵ķƣֻعĴ
ţ
һĿһɨ޵ĸ£ǿһΪɼİߴڣʱһĨ⡣
ৣৣৣ
һ˱ݵʱ䣬ڹ֮䲻ϵ֣еľ޽ܹ׼ȷĻÿһͷ޵ĸ£ûκεˮѾǧٻһѪϣǹ޵İһЩǵĹޣǷһĳԶȥ
ˣǰһɱ񣬲ܹԿģǴӳߵоѹȻŭҪԼ˺飬ǰĳ棬ȴõηˡ
ԣʮͷ޵ʬ壬ģǷһ㳯ȥ
ӣ
һĨĮĻȣһʧԭأٴγ־һͷԱߣо޽һͷްһѪԵȥ
㣬ȷʡ࣬ңЧԾͱԼôҪõĶ࣬ÿһεĹޱɡ
ԭѾͻʥ𣿡
޺ۼԵķƣֿૡ
ȻӦƵӦûʾ磬ǣ޺ۼĽ˲Ƶٶȣʥ˲ܹ߱
ʥˣһлҪý͵Ķࡣ
ʥûǣȻλʥ˹Ԯ
ԵЩشҲҪȥ׷ɱЩޡ
ΪˮǵˣֱЩ޼Ϊǳǲɱ´ξпܻٷˮǡ

ĿսҪɵĶ࣬ƺôѾһͷͷޱԵȥ
һ·׷ɱڽӽʱ򣬾ֻʣʮͷˣֻ΢ԥ׷ɱ˽ȥ
ǧȥ
ķðشӣ׷ȥ
֮ڣһ磬ûκεĹҲ·ǿܾͻһڽ֮ڡ
ڷƴʱ򣬱;Щ̫ԾǰľԼ濴ȫһ
ǰһƬߣˮӸɽߣϢؼƣϣɵһƬƸǶ羰󣬾ͫȴǿƲˣֻܹһƬ޾Ļɫ
ˣ
һᣬٴγŲԶĹ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ٶ£ЩȻѲˣֱһͷޱնƲͣ˽ŲȴȻķ֣ǰһƬĴأͷﻹʱ·
ѵ̫أ
ܣһƬľĸǡǡ෴ʱɫɵ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊ׷ɱޣȻ̫أ


1166 ̫
̫أƺӰ½һֱڣĽΪ޾Ĺ޳ߣ߽ͻᾪǣӶɱ֮
ңܹǣ̫أһĿռһأ֮һ󡭡
һƬأ
ͫۿ֮󣬷Ƶɫޱȵء
Ƭ֮ϣްԣˮŻɽߣŻһƬռ䣬͸Ϣ˲ɵľͻ񷢺
ǲһԾôĵط
ʱ·ȥ
·ϣԼնɱһͷޣʱѾѪȾİɫأ˽ȥ
ţ
ƵĿͣ˹޵ʬϣüͷ
ΪȻ֣Ҳڿήԭ׳ļήңǷڴϺ濾һѸٵˮ
һĻķзëӿ˽Ųʱķȥһ·ϣղűնɱĹЩѪѾɣ˴֮ڣԭ׳˶壬ҲʣһƤˣƺһ
ʱӿһɲԤС
̫أһľرû˽½
һ뵽ݴǴoĳ֮أзë
Ȼ㹻ĳۣǣڵȴСģ˵ֻҪһͷʥ׹ޣһˣ
ɲ棬Ҫģ
˵Щޣʥ˺ѣԼָûϡˣֻҪһͷͻᱻշɱ
ˣ
Զһ˷Ƶע⡣
ţ
÷ƾЩϤˮģӿٶȣӭȥ
ˡ
ɰȻֲ˿
ȴΪǴ׷ģǣ˿ڣɫҰף죬ؿҲһƬѪ죬дڴڵĴ
ͣ
ָƵ˼ҩûؿڣԭҰ׵ɫѸٵĻָ˺
˻Ǹ߼ҩʦ
ڵۿɼ޸Ĵˣֲѿʵ
Ǻǡ
Ƶ˵ͷʵΪλ翴Ĳһ
⡭ˣ֪̫أ
ЩĿ֮ھɻɫ
ʥѧڣû̫صļأֻǣƵɫƺֲѡ
ȷ֪
ǴһĨЦҡҡͷ
Ϊ̫صֶ֪һЩţҲǴл׶вŵ֪
ഫһδ֪֪ͨͨĵҲдԣǴ۵İϢ֮أĸģȴû˿жϡ
ΪˣûһܻţʥҲ䣬ڴۡ˭Ǹٴˣ
һУǵĲ룬̫ؼΣգҴ޾Ĺȴʵ
֪翴ģʵ̫أֻΧѣ̫أ
ֳ˳񣬸Ѿָ˴ˣʱ˿Ϊƽš
ƣҲ΢˽ΪԼоͻ
ԭ̫صֻ֮ҪǽӴЩͻᱻ͵εأˡ
ǣҪȥǾͱҵͨУȻͻᱻ档
ˣɣҪϿ뿪С
ûĽͣŷƣǳǰȥ
ٴ·ЩʬԱߵʱ򣬾ֻʣ׹ˣѪѾɿݣƤëѾΪҽڻϣǶһѡ
ô˻
һĻأ̲סʵ
̫ˣ̫صĴŲܵ˵ǾԶ㣬Σգ
ԶسʹˣԣûܹĹ޾ô£һԶգܹҿ
㣬ҲֻܵȵƬ޵ʱ̫زŻʧӴƬبŲ䡣
ܾúܾǰˡ
һλʥѧĽӣûаӣ෴ԼˣҲøС
ϾǷ鼰ʱˮǴʱѾˣ
ͣ˽Ųץһ࣬ϵĻɳüͷ΢΢𣬲ǶŷƵҲţˮļأǰһԴǣȴ֪ʲôԭսˡԣű˽ӡ
ˣ
üͷҲ΢΢ӦԼ壬ȴûз֣ڵԪбļֻǣؼԪҪ籡࣬ȴҲ½ȣ


1167 
һݹŹֵĸоأƺȻ½Щƣ÷ƲȻ
ǰû
ôһ뷨õķƲѿʵ
棿
תͷĿ
û𣿡Ҳǣֵطôܹ棿
üͷ΢΢иԳЦЦ
ҲԣֻԪĳ̶½¶ѣӦԼ̫ˡ
ɽԪ̶ȣ½ʮңԣŻռڵ˾޴Ĳ࣬½Ⱥɽ磬Ҫǿ࣬Ȼû½ɽô󣬵ǣ½ϵһЩأԪŨȣǻ൱Ŀ£ʮٱĳ̶ȣ
ǣЩأǱռӵ뷱ܷչһЩǿҲռĺõıء
ʥѧǾһƬɶõıأԪŨȣʮԲܹģ
ȻҲɽߵĵ̫ء

ҡҡͷ͵ЩżûмأǣˮȴһһĴǰ̫ڣԴôû˾סأЩޣֻҪȥǣͲѣҲһܺõĲ֮ز𣿡ഫǰ岢ûôǿΪ˶°Űԣ̫֮ڣŵԷչܡǣΪֲ飬ʲôˮǵҲ֪ܵǣԺ̫ڵͿʼˡֱڣΪֻ𣿡
ǰסȥ
еĺΪһɵ׷ʵ
Щ飬ȷΪ֪Ҳ֪ˣѾˡʧˣǣˮǵˣȴǰΪ̫ˣԣ֪ȻҪѰ˶ࡣ
ηˮ˵ҲԲܽ洫˵֪
֪
ֿЦҡҡͷ
ЩʵҲ͵Ǵ˵ѣ棬Ϊһе飬Ѿ޷֤Ҳ֤ʲô˵ʲô
һ½ϵͨģһķܶǷ˳ʥ棬ֻдﵽʥףΪɹĴ½
ҲȥһɣǴ¼󣬺񡭡o̫صԭסȫʧˡ
ڷⰵȥʱּһЩ翵Ļ
һ񻰹˵ˡ
Ŷ
΢΢һ˼ĵ˵ͷʵţ̫أһͨδ֪ͨ
ǺǣĴŰɣ
ЦЦڷǰҲãƾڼҵСܵһϲԼ£ûЩνŵİƲˡ
Ҳɣ˭֪أ̫ڣȷͨΪЩޣǳ֮ͨڡãͨ𣿡
Ҳǡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲûȥ
֪ҲޣֻǣΪǿ̫صԭסԣ֪Ҫȳ˶һЩѣʵһʾˣܹ֪أ
ȴڸֿе֪ˣ̫йһδ䶯ңȷǴһͨ
سʹڵͨȷ˷ŨȤģǣĿǰʵֱȥ
ʵˣʱҪȥͨͨ
ˣ
ڷͷƮԶ֮ʣߴֵعǿһεɽ֮£һ͵ɽǰ
ˣ߳ȥͿԿˮˣ
ֶ˵꣬תɽȥ
ͨȻ
ЩȻ
ǸղŸֲԻһֱ෴ķߣôȥҲԶҲ߲ȥˡ
ңһɽȵĵΣ㾭Ҳܷ⴦ɽĴڣʱпܱ̫ڣøֳֵĿ죬Ȼ롣
ϸĴһΧľɫΣУ߽⴦ɽ
ף
߽ˣƲǷ֣⴦ɽܲһ䶴ϣ̻һĪ·棬ǺĹۿ
𿴣Ȼͷεģ
ּûиһŶڴæѵ
ֻǣĻŴʱ򣬷ѾЩҡҡ׹ˣ˿̣оͷǱùӽһһƬģ޷ȥ˼ʲôãŻĻָ˹
ˣ㻹ðɣ
ЩŵʵͬʱаڣԼһ·˵أȻ˽Ҫ߷ˡ


1168 ϼ
⴦ɽϵΪأ쳤񹤣ÿһ·ƴֲڣʵȴ
ЩǴɽ;еġ
ˮǿֻΪһСᣬԶ˻ҵУȻܻţֻȴû˼ˣԺĹһûѹ
ԣһƾȻðʧĹۿЩ·ֶʱͼˡ
û¡
Ʒǽڣ˻ͷũҩҩתתս˫֮£ҵԺǻĻָֻǣһɫȴЩ԰ף亹졣
Щ·˭̻ģ
һƬȻ
ǿҪסЩ·ѣȴǸԺصĴˣս־ǿˣֻ½ܾҪˡ
ģȷ̫أ
ɽһ·ϣƲûٴǿмЩ·ֻ΢ɨȻûмסǣŵȴǿУҪȥʥѧ֮ȥѰһЩЩ·ļء
һ·оգɽ˳ֻУվڸߴȴѾܹˮǵ챡
ûˡ
ɽֲ˿ŷƣȥ
棬ҲΪˮʦүָ㣬ҵ˹޵㣬һɹĽͷޣǣȴַƲټһ֮£Ȼǽ̫֮ڣʱɫ䡣
˱ģǳѾȥѰˣ¡
ʦү˵˵ŽȰסͬһڴȥ
ԶԶģǿ˷ƹæŷɻЩ԰׵ɫ˵֣㻹еȻҴ̫ڡ
çײˣ
ƴſЦһԵĸָм˵иʳȣȻοĻزˡ
ջеģڶ̫ص˽⣬ɲ˭ˣֻǣջȴ̫ˡ
λ˸ȣˮǿɾͱˣ
ֿĻ񣬶ԷƵ̬ȲٴЩ졣
Щǿ׳Щãվһ𣬺ѹǺһͨദһΪɡ
ѾˣôҲҪĸϻȥˡ
ѯһ֮󣬵֪ƽʣĹնɱǶŷ˵
š
Ƶ˵ͷת֡
λ˿Ҫˣ
ǾҪȥ˸ĪĹâƺĳ־
ǰϻȥ
ţƵǱ΢΢˳顣
̣ɾǺ˵ˣԼЩСɫ¸޷Q
ԼûʲôŮ۵Ľ
ܷһ˵
˲󱨳ֳ꣬ĺ˿ƺĳ־Ƕŷ˵
ţ
ƲĿӿһ򣬱΢ЦŵʳӻڰΣʥѧѧԱΣҪġ
ˣʵ»һУ֪ܷӦ
жʱӿһɸжŹ˵
Ȼڷ˵Ҳ˳ִһ£ǣȴǾԼгֱȵĸоֻбȵ˲ᣬǲЩ꣬Ĳ
⡭˵
΢ԥǴӦ
ϾҲǾԼΡ

ִЦ⣬˵һ䣬ǳųڵȥ
Եȡ
ƳŸ鹰˹֣Ǹȥ
ֲûн෴ģŷ˳һųǽ۵ľڡ
ڱȽխСĴŲŴ򿪣һùζ˱Ƕ
ȻѾܾûסˡ
ֵŷƵ棬ӽָóһֵʯͷƾɵĴ߶һľƿ¶һСţеʯ˽ȥ΢һתͱ򿪣һ˻ҳ¶˳
һվţδȴŵ֪ʲôˡ
ˣӳ̫ڿɳģѾˣҲͽγʱϳ֪ҵʱ򣬲һΣڣҽⶫ׸ˣϣԴܹЩô
ûйԥǽееݸ˷ơ
򲻿ɡ
Ѿ˽⵽ڶĿɹ󣬸ǲܽܡ
ܾ˵
ֹ˵ȥ͵һһĳϼ𣬵ˮ淢֣£гװⶫͨ˵Ǳ෴ģǴˮҲ˶һԣ׸ˣϣܹﾡá
ѲˣҲ׸ֵ⣬óҩһؼҩ䣬ЩԴʯ˸֡
ȻЩļֵֵϼǧ֮һֻǣڷҲʵûʲôóˡ
һм֮󣬷ûоһͬٵظȥ


1169 ʥ
ϼǳϼľڣΪﵽµĲ֮һֻҪǲ㹻һͨʥпܣʵ㹻۱
δдۣԣѾܹ۱ԣʥѾȽļ±ˡ
ν۱Ǵ۵ıֻڴвܹӷ۱ȫܣңʱţܶ۱Ѿǰˣûмµϵ۱ܣҲһˣʱշĥ£ûʲôģֽϣѾûı۱ܹļµ
ǣе۱ſָܻ
Ȼˣǣ۱ɴеϣֻҪʵ㹻ʹʥܹġ
Ͼǲʻ۱Ҫʥ
еȷӡǣⶫðȻʹãǱ˴ȥпܻ
뵱ӡǽ񽣸һߣ˵ӡڵ۱
ԣڷƾͻһͨ鱦
һϼǸѩֻ̿ҪҵõʦһʥҲпܣ
һ·ϣ鲢ûȥʷƾʲôҲŵ
ȥ˽ʱ䣬ص˰ǣûйԥǳŸԵ壬ص켫Ժڡ
ǡ
ŷһ˽̨ҲǺΪ⡣
񣬷̹ǵģһֻзʥ׵Ķ飬ȥʱ䣬ҲԲֹʮ죬ôܹ
Щ޵ͷ­
ǰһöָݸ
ڷ̫֮ռģҲıҪȻҪ֤ʵҲҪܳʱ䡣
ô˵Ѿˣ
ĿɨöָоѾȻ
ΪǰЩСӸ٣ֻǣȴЩ⣬Ǿôģ
ھǼǺ󣬷һ˵壬Ǵǰɫڵĵɫ֤ѾΪʥѧʽĳ༶ѧԱÿͻԶһѧ֡

ǵǼ֮ϤĽЦǴõӲɵ΢΢һ
Ѿˣʦ㲻ܾˣ
¹ؾԼɫ˵
ӴȻҲ˵η̵ʱǸ˲ĥӡˡ
ʦȻ֪Ǻܹԡ
Ц绨г˺ÿĿɨˣ˵ܺãڿʼǾ̵ѧԱˡԺ棬ԴҵţǼǵãɲܸҶĻ֪ġ
ȻŮӣǣȴǼΪԵҲ񡭡¹صĻһǿߣ
仰õķкһЩ
Ķ۸Ǹ츳ûǣܹʥѧ֮ڵˣ˭Ǻǵģ
ȴһˣ̵ţ˭۸ǣ
л׶֪ѧһЩˣǸмʡ
͸ʱǰӰ£ԲǺǵģ˭Ǳһ£޴档
ܹʥѧţôܹܱ˾أ
ɡ
仰̱ҡҷˮ߰ȥƵ˿Ǹȥ
һˡʥá¥ͷҲû̧ʹ˽ȥ
˺ܳĶ飬ܶ˶ǵǼ֮󣬳һƱ¥ȥһ˽˶Ыһٵĺţһмƣ亹졣
ΣȴûȥǣֱӳŹ̨ȥ
Щһ˭
ףѵѧԱ
˻ɣǾȻѡЫʦ
һЩ΢СڽõķƵг鴤۲ԹԵվԭصȺš
һķ䡣
ߵ̨ǰ棬ûô˵ţǹ̨Ǹ׷ԲԵ߱ûòЩŭһ̧ͷž֮ϵŭֱӾ͹̻ˣǽӲĳ˳顣
ԭʦ
ڨڨЦЦٶȺֱܿӾ͸̵ǼǺãȻơ
š
ĵ˵ͷһ˵Ժרˡ
˵꣬Ҳߴ𲻴Ӧͳ¥ȥºһĿɬ޿κεҡҡͷ
ǻɵŸʲô
Ƶûиߵ¥ݿڵתģȴһ˹˷ǣ˲ϧĿ¸ȥ
˵ڶ㣬˽ȥʱ׹һʢĳչڷƵǰ


1170 ȥ
ʥõĵڶ棬ȫռ䣬漫Ŀ߽󣬾һռһ
ʱپۼ֮࣬ڴм䣬һӨ˸˸̨棬ڷĻ๥ţ¡ڶһۿɼľǻӴĵбŷϯ˷
ֻЩ̨ܵӨڸˣ˿Ӱ첻磬硭ֻڹۿӰһ
ȴʵˣҲѪ֮䣬˿飬־طûһĳǾĶǡ
ĳ̨֮ڵ˶Ǿǿų̂Ĵڣֻһ֮£켫ԺữΪˡ
·źţáţָ쳹ȥһЩͽһ˿̣ǶԵüΪܡ
ǿ
ƵĿ̨֮ͣһϣüͷ΢΢£¶صɫ
ΰüŭĿȻĶҪһأǣǿȥô׳˶ڣȴɢľϢرÿ֮ʱѹϢһoһĴڣͶ֮䣬¶һϣһ䡣
ƿĳ˿̨̣ϵھϣǴһΣң۷ңǣ˸ĸоȴޱȵǿǿҲΪ֮ľ
Ȼ˿ȥڿսǣƵֱڸԼѣǡèϷӣ
ƲΪλôп϶Լ֪ԭ
Ӧò˲Ŷԡ
һĨâ૳
Ȼ
һԵл׶ĺ˿ɻĿ½͵ʥãϰĵطԽǴȻʹһܹߵĸԶԣǽʥףҲû˻УǴõĵطңܹӮȡѧ֣ٺ١
ĽͣƲʥþʲôطҲ̨ϵΪѾͻʵĴڣǾȴѹ۷塣
֮ءĵطĵطӸϴԣΪȻͻᱻѹˣȻǾǾıƴǻıƴˡ
ҡֱԣһ㶼ѧΪעȻӻڶ˲롣
ԣö֮ʥѧѧԱγϰߣڡ֮ءڡʥá
ôҪ
һĨ⡣
ǰл׶磬רҪͻʥף˵Ӧòʲô⣬ǣȴһֱѹŲȥ෴ģרĴ
У϶Ǹڵľ顣
һ;棬
һҪǿҪһﵽ£νġ
֮⣬ĻҲǼΪҪһڣ
һ˵ԽǿȻܹظۺڡ·;ϣܹߵĸԶȻܲˣҲԻ߲ȥ
ԣ롮ѭԽõģ
ȴȫûⷽĹ˼ɣһ·Ȼߵĺܿ࣬ҲߵĻ࣬ǣȴӵ˼޷
ӵ츳һʣҸʥ޾ǸѪҺһ·ϾҪߺܶ·ʱҪֻǼ̲ѪҺ֮ڵǱˣҪЩһڵĴʡ
е˼
΢΢
ܹо̨ϵˣȻʶѹ۷壬ǣǵʣȴǼΪǿᣬһˣ÷ӵҲев
ɼ̶ֳȵĳڴ£һ˵ʣȷܹõ󻡶ȵģȴֻʥѧѧԱž߱
ЩƵ̨ܹȫĶһ˽ѹƣʥѧģǸ󳬷Ҳ߱
̣
˼䣬һӣͻȻķޱһȭͽ˳ȥѪײȥ֮󣬾ȻѾû˷֮֮һƬ㵡
ȻЩ⣬ΪθղŻǳ̶޼ˣôͻȻʵǡ
ʢĻôǿ󡭡
һӽѧһֱרĴʣѾ꣬Ȼǿ󡭡˵ľ绹ֻǷʥĽ׶ѡ
ǿԺ󾳽Ȼȥ
һﻹҪΪ켫Ժһ𣿡
һ˵֮󣬳쳹һЩ֮е˻Щ˰ҲһЩ֮
˭ȥ
ͻأתͷŷƵ˷Ը


1171 
ͻأڡʥáڶռ쳹ͻڶ˵ĹעУɻ̨ϵʢģҲĿ˹
ǣǿ֮󣬲ɵģ󲿷ϵɫһЩɫɷһƬǼʲôһǻֲ̿
У̨ϱ˴ʢҲһɫ׽
ȻӦöǳԹ̵Ŀңпܣ̨֮ϡ
ڣΪһ仰˵ĿǷķϡ
˵һЩף˵ĿɨŮʱ򣬶¶޵Ŀ⣬ЩЩ͵ͣžϣǰ̵Ĵڣȴû˸ڨ
Ϊǵľ䣬ҲܿͲµˣƵӦþһε½ѧԱ
ɵģ˱ΪĬ˼ӡ
ĺǣӦû֪Լѡʲôʦɣ
Ͼ̳ǹƢ⣬棬޿ޡ
𣡡ȥ
¹һʱһ˳ĳ̨ȥ
飡
ҪҴ򣿡
ʢĿԼȥǵĵӰĿͣǰɵϡ
ϻûҵʦ˵Ҫȥ𣿣
¹һۣƺԵЩܲͷӣƵζʮ㡣
Ķѧ֣
һᵽ̣ʢǱǲźۼĳ˳飬ۿ¹أһĨľ⡣
򲻹ģѵԼ򲻹С
ѧ֣
¹ȻóԼµҾһѧ֣ҲҶģ
༶ѧԱ
˲Щȣʥѧʱ䣬ֹȥŲʮѣʱһ˫˫ڶ¶𾪵ɫ
Ȼ˵Ϊ༶ѧԱѶȲǺܴ󣬿˵ֻҪͻʥ׵ˣ׵ɳ༶
ǣһûʥ׵ˣܹڶ̶̵ʮͨˣ֤ǰһܲѰ
һ˫˫â˸˸ɨʱ͸¶뾪ȻĿ⡣
һѧ֣
ʢЩȻͱ׼Ҫʮѧϲſ϶ģһѧ֣ſϣҪܾʱһɨ˺Ļ˻ȥЩҧĵãһ֣
̨ԵĵǼǴǼ֮󣬱˫˫̨߽֮ڡ
ΪʵıȶҲûעˣǱſϷģ
ҪԿ
΢ҡҡͷ
¹ȻǿǣǰʢģѾ꣬һʱҲѾɸˣοʢĻܹʥѧš
һȭ
ǽ̨¹رܲסˣɰСȭͷŹ֮ͳʢ˹ȥ
ʵĺܣ̨֮ڸûܵκѹƣȭҲܹʩչĿ
ߣ
ʢļȻ˵ĲһһĨ֮䣬ռը죬ȭͷͺȥ
¡
ɽײһ𣬱ҵը죬һӰֱӾʹڱ׷˳ȥ
ˣȻ¹أ
˻
վ֮¹˦ľֱۣгСӻӰȭصģ
û˭ǶϷƣͷһֱ콫򵹷ƹߣȻҲʢ֮¡
壡
ϵģ֮ϱһǿҵڹ˾Ǹɵһ㣬͸¶еĹ
˾ȵĿ£ٴγʢĳȥһ𲻰һƺƴ
ǲ壬ѵԡң
ϳֹϵʣʱг
ԶţѲֻҪˣˡ
ʢ˴鷳ˡ
̨£ʢЩɫЩֻ
ĳ棬Ԥϵһ¹ظʢĵĶֻ֣һδαҷɣһȴǿСǿһһһεĳȥõʢķʤ֣ʩչ籩Ĺ¹شĵѪֱ磬ϵĲâҲȥ
̣
ʢĵȭͷɽ¶ֱӽ¹µأȥ
ޱȵ¹أǣһĨĻȡ
һΣǽܵй˳ȥ
˭Ҫ
Ŀḷ́˷Ƶ˵ϣڳơ
СӣҪһ٣
¹ش˹Ķŷ˵ţ˵һ䣬Ͳסĳ
ʢֿǲᰡ


1172 һѧ
Ϊ¹صһ仰ʱϴ󲿷ֵĿⶼ˷ϣر̨ϵʢģɫЩ
Ȼ˵Լ켫ԺһˣǣܹǿҲô
ʱȻ˵һ٣з⣬ĿŷƣƺҪ˾ʲôͬ
ǻһ˵Ļȴû˻ʲôǣӲ˵Ļȴòӡ
ֻ˵һ㣬ˣȲҪǿ
֮ЩڱǷԳɻ벻ɫ
Сӡ
ƴһĨǳǳĿЦĵһĨҩû¹ڣ˷ۣҿûǸȤ
ǰʢȻǿǣȴҲֻܸѹѣ̶ֳȵǿߣ޷ĥս⣬˷ʱս
ңҲǺɽˣŪԼǵˡ
ֻǣ⻰ʢĶʹһˣɫĿԵˮ
켫ԺڣҲСһˣʱȴǱһƲ޷ܵġ
Բѣ
³ĸۣΪʱϰԣռڻصš
ֻǡ
ų򣡡
ҪͣǣȴٴαĴϣˣƵɫҲ⵹һԵһĨıóѵĻȡ
ɲҪĳЩ켫Ժ̫ˣֻǿĵطܹٽһ˵ĳɳ
Ȼʵ֪ǣΪĴڣⳡϵ˴󲿷ֶҪһٳ뷨ֻǰĴڣû˸ǰƶѡ
ȣ
ƻûд˿ĸ飬һιղŵ̬ȣˡ
һˣһ۸ˣ
˿̣ʢĵĻǴۡ
ȷǰǣӾһоѾתˣҪΪԼ϶սвҲҪܽ
ҵĻ
ԼҪĻʢвɵĿһ£ܿͻָ˹ʮĻӦš
һ˶ѣôǿôܻԼĶ֣
ȷϣһȣδɵСƨѣڷƻûѾʥˣٶ꣬Ѿһʮֿµĵزڵл׶ֻ壬Ҳ޷⡣
ҲΪ֮԰ĵطҲٶĳɾ͡
ǣȴһ㣬ƵѰ˾ǳǧ꣬Ҳ޷ɣ
кβң
һĻȣſС֣ǳ̨˹ȥ
ٺ٣Ҫùˣ
л׶¹شյһ϶¶Цݡ
ϧˣͷûѧ֣ȻǿԴ׬һʡ
ɨһ۳ϵˣл׶Щϧһ̾
켫ԺڣɻûһԻѧֵ񣬾һһѧֵǾԲõġ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ̨£ʢĶվ
Ķ٣
ʢǴһĨϷ֮ʵ
Ǿһѧְɡ
ǴһĨǳǳĻȣĵ˵ͬʱóԼ
ɫڣǵ˸ģһɨۣһһǵ㣬Ҳʹӵһһѧ֡
ѵ½ѧԱһˣ
ȺдһһЩеɻ
һܹӵһѧֵˣ˵һĽ⣬벻һ
һѧֵĶ٣¹һ˵ʵʵʢʱ䣬ٶ̨֮Ѿ׬ȡ˾ѧ֣ҲҪ롮֮ءչˡ
½ѧԱһˣʢɫϷ֮ʱصɫ
ȻҲܹΪ½ѧԱһˣԲǺǵĽɫ
Ҳǵڶѡ
˿ˣʢӮʮһСӮһʮ
ڷʢ̨ԵǼǵʱ򣬳Ͼͽпˡ
һжԴڷ½ѧԱһ˵Եʡ
ʣȻǻ϶ʢĻӮԣܶעʢϣķӮģȴ޼һʮѧֶѡ
ʮѧ֣ٺ٣׬Ҳá
л׶۾һҲ˹ȥԥҲ˹ȥ
Ȼֻһѧ֣ǣӮˣһѧֿɾͱʮһװ͵ѧֶ֣Ϊأ
ʣõķƶˣ֪¹һһѧ֣ٽԼһٸѧѹԼӮô
һѧ֣תۼɾͱһǧ
ͶһٵĻׯҲѹʾˡ
ֻǣһ׬ѧֵ;ȴԺ
ʥãǸõط


1173 ˣ
֮󣬳΢ĳ˵ĿⶼǷ̨ڵӰ֮ϡ
һˣʥѾưѾõĽɫһȴֻһˡ
ÿһȵ½һ츳ἫΪЩѧѾϰ˵ɻֻ˶ѣҪǡ½һȥ̫Ѱˣûκγɫĵط½һͷǵע⡣
ǰƽЩ˵ķƣʢҲС֮ġ
ʥ֮ڣ̫ĵ֣Ͳ֮ˣǰֻһˣ
¡¡¡
ʼƣļⶼЩ쳹Ϣɫһ˳ŷѹȥǸϣҲ賡һǿҵӾ
ܹõڶ֤ʵ
е˼
ϣһսתһɿµս¶һһɱһУʢĵƣֱӾͱƿ෴ģʵʵսɱȥȴõԵЩǱòûʧ̬
һУȴΪ˿УɵĶһһЩȫҵѹʢϵˣжӿһɲԤС
ܹӵ˿սˣԲǺ֮
ǼһȻҺʹģٺ٣´һҪ
¹ǿţ³
Ļȴõ˶񺮡
ǰңȻ˵
һ뵽ҵˣ˲ͻһɵҪԶ
˲ϣԲʲô¾Ͷˡ

֣
ʢĿŷƣһץһƣһ״šءĺХǳŷƾϯ˹ȥ

һҫ۵ĽյĹһŷ̸֮ϣһһ
ȭ
ǰʱǺԥģͽȭͷϵı˳ȥһ֮ϡ
̣
޴˺һУȭͷ£ֱӾɣһ쵱类ޣͬʱ˿ĳʢĳɱ˹ȥȭԣսһ첻ϵĴȭӵд
üһ½һȻȻԿ
Ӧһսˡ
ֻˣ
ϣΪֲ¶һ˫˫ž𾪵ĿⶼǷ̨ǵӲӵӰ֮ϡ
̣
һװը˶Ǳ޴˳ȥһκܳľ롣
˿̣ʢ𾪵ģӷƵȭϴõʱµĹǱһʹ亹ͷȥ
ȥˣ
ķƣʢⶸȻһ
޽ȭ
֣ʢıó˾ȭͷ𶯼䣬һ֣֮ܺƴһԶĹϾֳֽգշķΧռһĵȥΪ·
ܹ似ʣʥ似
ӡ
ʢĵȭͷϵĽ󣬷ûұֻ󣬹ڵ֮췣ڣγһֻ޴ơ
¡¡
ֻӡ͵ʱһɰϱ¶˳ֱֻ۾oֻһѹϢҪ֮¡
ԭȻѾƿ˷ӡ
ԶվŵһĨĹâΪֻӡĴڣһĨδ֪ȣ΢̾һϧ
¡
̨֮ڣһıըһС͵ĢƱܹ׽ɱͨ۷ǿߵľŰͬʱ˸ǿˣֻڵӡѹʱʢȭͷϵĽֱӾͱշˣƴѹǿʢҲǹǿ󵽼µ˳ȥ
ôܣ
ֱ۶ѣɫҰ׵ʢģϣһ˫˫۾ǵɵԲĿĿһĻ
ԣʢѾʹԼǧõľҲ·硣
ӡ
ҲΪ¹صԵʣҲûϢʱ䣬ٴӡһֻֻټİ۶ɣѹȥķɣײϣһѪֱӾ˳Ҳȥ
ӡܣܹ췣Ȼûдʲô󣬵ǣϾ߱ϣȴǻһɾ޴ѹԣʢĲŻ֮ܵ졣
ҡˡ
ͷӡʢĿɬĴֱۡ
δԼа֮ܵҵһ죬ңǰһС


1174 ޵еļ¼
ʢ֮ǿľƣоǿʣԣϣϣܹȫλѹ֡
ֻǣȴѡ˶֡
ƣʣ޷Ʊ⣡
ʢ֮󣬳һʱ˶ݵĳŵУ˵ڶǳŲŵɫ
̫ܵˣ˷Ӧ˶δʢĻһУңôûз֮ľͰˡ
Ǿʲôؼ
ֻҵӡз캧ˣ޷ƽ
ֻӡ֮£Ǵ֮⣬ܹܵ˵Ĵƣֱֻۣo֮һշһУҲѹ£
˭ֻӡ֮£޷ѵ״̬ᱻϵѹơ
ûܹƵֻӡԺ۶ɵģͻһ񶼱ɵĴ亹죬ȿȥ
ã
һ֣ӡɢ٣˵һ䣬̨ŵǼǴȥ
Ȼ࣬ǣȴҲܹõһѧ֣ôʱѾӵһѧˡ
ĲСܵܡ
Цεε÷ϲõȻ޴棬һƤһء
һϯɫȹǰŮɰħŮȻһ̶˴͵С
ӹɣֱĽЦٴ˲ǻعʱֲһ񺮣ȫǲڵƫͷȥ
֮󣬳ϲǱһ֮
ʵģ˶Լȫҵѹʢϣڡǿһëʣ
л׶Ҳһϲ˹
Ƹ硭
һһɱ˹ֱ˽˷ƻУӣõķһ¸ȡ
СӣԽԽǻˣǵطԣҪúõĽѵһ١
ˣҲ˽еļˣܵԼĳȣһ֮һǲ˺ϼĿ⣬õķ͵ĵһòԵķſ
ջ󣬲ܲ˵ġ
ܾһ˻ҲЩףȴҲûжʡ
ѵ
ŮǵڷߣжʱЩܲˡ
ɰŮСӺεºܰ
СС۷ѣ
жƵɫҲΪơ
Ϊ̵Ĵڣ˿̣ȴҲûиǰƣ
ٺ٣СȭͷȻأĺã´ΣҪԼ
¹һŴţĿǲƵķڲʢϣأƵζʮ㡣
ѾϰԵģֻҪǼԼǿĶ֣ͻһңרŴʹ
ߣ
ʢĺ޺޵ĵһۣԼ壬̵ܿߣŷȻ߳˶㡣
Ҳ֪ⲢԼ̫ˣսܹܿԼսܵԭ
̫ǿˣǹԼƶѹ벻䣬Ѱ
ϣܺȫһս
ſڵʱתűŮΧķ˵һ䣬ͷҲص˳ȥ
ȫһս
ν΢΢һЦ
ôһģ
ֻڷƻûоԵĳϣȻһʥףǺգԽʢģоԵġ
棬Ҫ׼ȥѰҷϵټˣ
ܺã̵ѧԱϣ̨ϣ뱣޵еļ¼𣿡
˿㣬ŷƵĽţɹΪȫ˵ĳֵ
޵еļ¼
ѵҪΪһˣ
ʦ
Χһ˫˫ƵĿ⣬ΨпЦˡ
ⲻݺԼ
ѵԼ
Щˣ˵ĸԣԼҪǼĻԲǣףΪ̻˵ĶԴԼ
ôǺܲϿɵӣ
תɨȫû˸ӣȴǽŭĵס

û˷̲ǽЦһųڴȥǣһĨıóѵĻȡ
߰ɡ
ƿЦҡҡͷһ˿첽ȥ
Цʵ磬ˣ⼸ˣܽԼһ׵շ
̫ɶˣСΪƾԼЫѧԱͿΪΪ𣿣
޵еļ¼Ϊ˭ҪΪһ𣿣
СС˶ѣȥˡʰ
Ҳ֪ǲΪȥѧ֣Ϊʣ֮ˣ󲿷ֶǶԷƳ˳ӣжţ÷Ƴһδ


1175 һ
̳˶֮ûȥǳȥƵ˲ʲôжǲɵӿһɲõԤС
ҽ
֮һŷ䣬óղŹ̨õƴһ䷿ķţ˽ȥ
濴ȥССķ䣬ȴǼ󣬲һ򳡣ߵмǽԣеһ֮ڡ
ꡭ
һƿ֮쳹һӨ𣬽ڣγһټ̨
ЩϤϣƵвõԤԽԽŨ
ϿҪ𣿡
üͷһڹâ財
в£ֻ߽˷ڣ󣬷Զرգ飬ǾԼΪ类ѹȥֻ۷ĳ̶ȡ
ǿȥܲ
ɨˣв䲻˵ţжһ⣬һ⡣
ҲףǰЩˣĸ֮ҲһֱԼԾѹɣ
ǣһĨĵĻȡ
ڣҾ͸һᣬһϣֻҪܹңԺǵһŲܡǣû취ңôԺ˭ҪǸҶҵľ¶㲻һÿġ
ǵĻôôˣȴõ˳
𣿡
΢΢һ
Ŀռ䣬һ˶ᱻѹʥ£ǣǰˡ
ȴǺȷ
ôǶԼôûģ
һϸüһ˵ƵĻǣڷǿһͷջȺСá
֣֡
ʦѵҲѹʾˣ
ֻ¹һˣɵ㶵ʵ֮ڣ˷ܵĹâԾš
ȻһﻹҪ̱һ֮
Ȼ
̽һЦ˸ŵǹ⡣
ɵСӣĴĿ԰

¹һʱڱ˵ľ⣬ڹ󣬲չ֣һһȭ
˵գҲȥһ̫սһ¡¡ģƴɰСȭͷ˿ϧĳȥ
Ƶ˲ɵı۾ƫͷȥ
飡
һ죬ţ˱صɵһһȻģ¹رſϴżʹı飬ȥЩʹ
ã
ǡ治㹥ˣ
Ƶ˶ſڴüͷһȻôͻҽˡ
ৣ
Ż䣬˱ǼһɫͻأľͳڷƵǰɵ֣ΣӡƵؿڡ
ȭ
ƻëû뵽һͻȻϮȭͷ𣬴žײֻܷܷ֡
̣
һ죬ƾǱսײһֱӾͱ׷˳ȥײ棬һɫԲ԰ףѪ
Ƹ磡
һ㶣ŷƱȥ
ߣ
ɫһ㶣ֱ֣ĳһƣϮĺ󱳡
Сģ
һȭͷӭȥȴ˫˫ķ˳ȥ
ȿȡ
ܴһѪ˳õһԵɷס
Ƹ磬û°ɣ
ŷԼѪһĶҪؿˡ
ô
ǰ棬ܼĺʵһƬ⡣
û뵽̾ȻĻǶ֣
ҲӦ˹л׶ڣˡɽɫˮ֣ѩĮһ˫ǳضֺ嫵Ϣӣһ֮ͬ
çײսϣѾˣ
ɫʱЩˣĶ˵źɨһۣڣսҲ飬ǲϢһµĻǸͨͨóȫʵ
̣
˵գٴĳ֣һһɰ絽ֱĳˮ֮ϣӡһԵӡ˶ڱˣײ棬ɫҰס
ָлҹѩעĶ򣡡
վɫâ貣зָͬʱԶſŵ¹ҲȥһĨҩԣţȭͷͳ̹ȥ
ͬʱһԵ˫һƬ׹⣬˻һģ˱Ụָ̧̋з˱Ļʮָ
͡
һʵʰָŷֱϮؿڡ
𣡡
л׶ŹϵһָԾָһǳȥ


1176 ѵ
˵Ĺνǿ󣬻û֣֮췣۳ʮؾռ䶼ҪˣЯŻصĴƣĳײȥ
ĻǴһĨǳǳĻȣͻָ˱䣬֣һĳ
̣
⿴ƼΪһƣȴѹ˹ռʵһıиʸУǺХʱ˳ķƣǽӴֱӾѪ˳ȥл׶Ĳ𣬶Ǳշ˳ǰ˵Ĺ˳΢΢һǳŵɫˮϯ˹ȥ
䣡
ʵʵ˳ҵײˮ֮ϣʱٲ㴹ˮϾѿһѷ죬޴˹ȥһ˶Ǳ˳˳ȥˤĺòҡ
еһУƺ˳ǰֽһƲɵɽķ˳Ǯһ
˻ң
һЦ쳹һڹӰ٣ƺƴ󣬴ɽȭͷ̵ĺ󱳡
ƺѾ֣¹ڴϲá
飡
΢΢һ䣬һֱֻۣһצһץס¹صȭͷ΢΢һ¹۵ܣͱޣһ˦ǽ¹ضӪڡ
˽һҰףޱ𾪵Ŀ
̫ǿˣǰŮˣѾǿһ޷ĵز
εĽ֣ܹԵĸоĵ̸ûжʥܣΪֻ۷ѣǣͬһ棬ǰȴ˵Ĳһһ־ͽ˵һշ飬شˡ
亹Ƕͷ£ϵʹ࣬޷˿е𾪡
ơ
Ѿܹƿ֮УԼѾͬ޵еĴڣ
㣬Ȼδ˵ȴôΪģ
֮иɻϣսΪ֤ʵһ㣬ǣȴǽЩȫݻˣ
磬Ȼڷǰûб¶ԼҪǿǣӵʵȴǴûзˣǷƼ룬½һĿ꣡
ͬģǷƣҲԼͬףӲ˭
л׶࣬ǻ壬㻹ܷӳȫܣǣȴʼţԼվ۷Ĵڣ˿ѹ
ѩĮ͸Ӳ˵ˣûж֣ղŵȴĸܵв
һĲ˼飬Լġɽǲǣȴô׾ͱ˴ݻ˷Ĵ
һˣ¹֮ӣûгٴۣǵĽǵԳ֣һ˲ڣ֧飡
սǣѾһˣ
΢΢Щȥɫ̲ûг߰οǳ⡣
˿̵˽ĵ£Եø͸źڵૡ
ȷս̶ֳȵǿߣǱɣ
ͬһ磬Ϊǲң
΢΢ӣһһɨˣһͣϣ㣬Ϊ֮壬񣬵ǣڸʲôĳ嶯ֻẦĶѣߵˣ֮⣬ôҿһõĻƿ

Ҫһɨһǿѹ£֨죬죬Щ첻Ҳ֮ضϡ
ҡ
ɷףҲĻ
㲻Լ֮˰ɣô֮ϣı
̼顣
ȷľٶսϣ̫ˣֱΪֹ
ҵơ
һĨ
ϡļǵõǸԼ˵Ļ
֮壬ܹ֮ϵԪ֮ǿ޿ƥУﵽ£ܹշԪ֮ǿڣԷʵǣԪ֮ѹԷʵܵѹơ
Ȼǵãֻǣһܴʧȥ˷磬ڸղŷΪٴܴѾ֪Լˡ
ھָףԼжôףսϡҲƻΪղŵľٶ
֮¾Ԫ֮Ҳܹıһ½֣
ɨһһԱѹƵļΪķƣһʹ
ʦҴˡ
ĻԵ෴ģЯһɼᶨ棡


1177 ʵһ
ߣ
һûм˵ȥתһԺʹ¹أȵ㣬ʲô£µ˲֪͵Ϯǲǣ

¹ȻĿƺ仰⣬õͷߡ
һǸʮգûκŵ㣡
ΪԼǲ壬ܹΪΪܹɱˡ̫ˡ
¹أɭ˵绮õ¹һ
ȷһֱЩΪΪȥЩԼǿĶ֣ΪԣѾƣԼϰˡ
ΪЩһ˳Ѿ𽥵ʧȥ˺֮ǣرǲ֮Ǻ޹˼ɣ϶ûܹɱԼ
ǣڸղţֱ۱ץסʱоԼǱסһһǣ˴ûоһָоĿ־壡
ҡ֪ˡ
¹Щɥĵͷȥ
ƵϰߣһʱᣬǸĲ˵ģʱ̶ҪԷĳӣҪ͵ϮѶȣ̫ˣ
ߣ
ɨһۣȻŽĿѩĮϣ΢΢Ϊһʦղʲôѵ㲻֪ҪԼĶѵΪԼܣܹƿһУ㣬̫ˣϣʵһУʵһУ֪飬ܸı𣿣Ѿʦְ㽫Լ̫ˣʦû˵ʦĴڣֻԤ֪󻼵𣿡
ӿѩĮĵһۣһʲôˣ
ԳߣǿΪϣֻһЦѣǿ߻ܱԼʹڲ
뷨̫棬Ԥ֪δʵܴʲôܶ飬ΪһССϸڶı䣬ûһ˵ǹ̶ģֻвԸȥŬıԼ˵ˣ
ղ˲ӲһεĹҲͻһ֡
ѩĮԾûһʦӦ飡
ҡ
ѩĮɫ԰ףǴһĨѪ˫˵ӣ˵Ļ
ѵʦʦ˵ֻΪǰԤ߱ܿ
ʵ޴ܶ鶼ǳԼ֪飬ûԵʵҲ޷ȥıʲôȻҲѡʲô׷ˡ
Լ޷ȥЩǿ棡
ѵĴˣ
΢΢۾Ǻת
̵ɨһۣǿ㣬ղΪβ֣ѵΪԼʵ΢Ҳû𣿡Ҹ㣬ˣѵҲ˱Եԣܶ飬ûŬôԼжϣ
֪ˡ
Цŵͷϴ
ȷΪԼĹκЧԣ˹ûȥŬղų֣ʵҲϻãϻһӣʵʱҲǿԸıܶġ
ǿ߾սУһӣԾ
㣬ĵɽķ˿𣿡
̵ĿתƵ˸ϣ˵
ʦҴˡ
ֱӳԼĴ󣬡ǣӵСɽ֮Ҿ̫ɽˣԺģ
̫Ρɽķ˿ƳԣЩڷûκҲûȥҪβܹɽӵ£ҲΪ̫ɽԲûиʩӷֶΣȻܣҲ֮ң٣ҲԻһ
ԸȽϺ񣬺ܶ飬ҲܹףʱһᣬԼȱ벻㡣
ΪԼǿ޵ˣͬ޵ˣ
̵ɫûкתת˷ƣ磬л׶ˣĺǳصûǸ߰ϡ
ûһεĲҰܣȷǶôΪģ
Դ󣡡
غһƺǼΪɭɭѵΪԼ⣬ͿˣѵΪԼܹ޵СҸǣؼ䣬޵еĴڣ
޵
Ļ޵֮񣬵ڰ½ϣ޵У
á
Ͳ˵ˣ֮ѧѣǺ֮
֮ľ޵޵УΪ½֮ϵĵλ˵ĵأ
壬ںɽ磬֮޵УΪһĿߣ
ںɽΪȻ˿⣬ǣ֮ڤȴǲ
ƥУ嫹İ½ľûܹѹĴڣ


1178 ½֮ս
̵ĻΪ̶˻ܲˣ˲ҰܣƵ˿һ˶ȥ
ڣЩ̶ĻȴǸ˾ӡ
һ˲˭˿̣Щ󳹴ĸоٻؿԼǷ֣ôɣ֪
ˣ֮ܵŻɳģûܹѵ˭ܹһе
ʱ˵ǵ̣ģ˵ĵֻҲش۵İɣ
һ˵ǿĴСҪ˵ľһ˾ĴԽ࣬ͻᶮԽ࣬κһĿ뷽Ҳͻ᲻һ
̴ʱܹһۿƵ˵ȱڣ
û޵е𣿡
ЩãȻ΢΢̾Ϣһ
ǣҪͬ˳Ķ࣬ϾЩǴûоĴۣһ·ĳɳ뾣ʱһ˵ټڵļţƴھЩ
֮Ϊ֮һûܹһͳ˵֮ڤܹ⣡
޵У
ҡҡͷпЦ
ԭԼҲôɡ
ϣ޵еĴڣôͳһ½ˣͲнԵľ棡
һŶӣһǿģ
ãʱ̵ٴ𣬿һΪ۵ӣȻӣϵŻڻ
꣡
Ƶһҩûÿһڣ˻Ļָ
лʦ̻壡
ǵϴֿһ̣вϿǰŮΪԼĵʦ
ǽģ˷ǴӳһֱܵŴû˶Դ˵ȻܵǣܹǷеİֵ飬ȴûй
̣ǿһײ࣬ЫŮӣȴǸһøıδĿΣ
ǷƣǸ߰ѩĮˣ˿̣ĵĳǰʦ
ܺã
̵ٴθȻЦݣӽ쿪ʼ䣬ǵģǿɵҲԳ񣬵ǡÿһһһǣֱܹΪֹǣ𣿣
ˣʦ
ͬĻӦٵ߲
Ҿϲˡ
ָֻ֮ǰ̬ղŵĮˣƵȴǾãǸĮĵʦȽһЩ
ǻǵʥѧÿһ½ѧԱһһδ𣿡
˿ۣɨˣл׶˵ͷ֮˵ҲʲôһȵĹھûȻԺ͸ĳÿһ
⻰˲г鴤
⻹Ҫ˻𣿣
ǿĲսֱǵĥһһһ££ټԱһ룡
Ҳᱻ
ʱΪյ¹ҲɫҰף죬Сȶһֱڲš
һŰΪֵˣ˾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ôǰ첻𣿡
ǲ˵üͷһƽĵĻУȴǴŨŨв
õ
˲ԥֱӾʹӦ
ЦӦָھ͸ĳһһˣ
භǻǾãõȵһȽס
Լ˵ģҿûǿǣһ󣬽͵ſǵıˡ
ǴӦһЦ֣óһö׸ƣǵԺӣԼȥҡҪǵãÿһʱ򣬱⣬˭Ҳһһ죡
仰ҡҷԼϸСֵ˳ȥ
ˡһһΰôܶĹ
̲ȥ¹ؾһʹ
ȻǣǳԵ㹻Ŀͷˣڵ˵Ӯ̵˼սûˡ
ҲҪǣװװᣡ
л׶һۣҲЩ
ղ̱ǵĳ̫ˣǵⷶΧǰǲ֪ԭͬǰԼҲôС
Ŷӡ
˿һĨ
ȷһ˵ǿҲԵõκ˶޷̶Կ£ŽΨһѡ
ʵ˵鹻ӴģȻ࣬ǣÿһ˶ǿʵ
ķľ֮壬ıԣѩĮԤ֪Ϸƣ磬л׶¹ĸΪʵ̫ǿᣬ½ѧԱ鵱УܱǿģҲ


1179 
Ժ뵼ʦս֮ʱλһ£Ų̫ҡ
ɨһˣص˵
û⣬ЩĸϺʱ̲⣬ֻֻ֡
ϣȻϡ
¹Ⱦͱ̬ˣŮл׶Ҳͷ֮һԵѩĮǽһ˵ͷϿˡ
ģ˭ߣ㣬Ʒǳ˵ˣôһԤ֪ĶѴڣҲһǳ顣
ѩھͺˡ
Ʋɵ΢΢һ̾
ҪԼˣҲʵȱøУرѩĮҰģ޷֮
ֻǣѩȴֻһͬȥɱ֪ܹ֯ء
ڣΪһŶӣȷЩ֮С
Ŷӡ
ѩĮĿɨˣʱһĨľ⡣
ȻλԸϣô´ζսʱ򣬾ͱ뽫ԵʩչȻϰ
ֻǵһѩĮǶ˵š
Ǹ˵Լŵ㣬֮ǷҲе졣
ֶڶ鵱Уĸ
飬ѩĮƣȻսǿȴܹ𵽺ܺõĸãĶѣȱһɰ
ƣ磬л׶ǿͲҪˣ֪
ҽ飬ԺǷɢƴܹסʦҲа취
˵Ժ̶սʱļƻͬʱ޵ĵһ㡣
ӡֻҪܹܵסܹ޵ܣֻҪ㹻ʱ۷ӡܡҲܹѹ̰ɡ
㣬ƿǲȷ
Ͼղ̵ǿ̫ˣƺضΪһͶ㣬ܹ϶ԵУ𲻿սʤ֮ġ
㡭
˶ĿɿڴĿ͸¶ŵɫ
ֻһˣȴһĨ˼
ֻ˽Ƶķӡ
սĹУǼʶˣǵʱƳܲסĻӦûܹ޵

絭ɨһۡ
ܲԸûɵĿ⿴ŷơ
ܹܵʦ
¹л׶ǵԲ۾ŷƣǿһһ
У̶ֳȵǿߣԲ˵󻰣ܹ֤ȻǴһּΪֶΣ
ǺǣҲֻ˵˵ѣԺȫܹסʦĴ˵ɡ
΢΢һЦûнʲôǲŶл׶ʵҲ½ѧԱĴô£壬ȣȵʲô
Щ̸ղ˵֪ôһαԵĴڡ
ʥѧһ֮ƴȡ
л׶ɫ΢΢һ࣬Ϊƽ
ʥѧϣڣ˻ʸ޸ĸ
½֮ս֮һαƴ
һģҲǸøԺĵ̣Ҫԣɼһ㡣
Щ˻ʸѾŴεˣһңңǧһֱǱ޸ĸѹţеһֻ˻ʸҲõһεڶ
ĴɽƲ
л׶ĽͣƲΪ̻вˡ
¹˻ʸţ˻ʸȷҪһü֮սˣȻȥ˻ʸţᵴȻ޴棡
ʵڣˣѾǼΪ˻ʸˣΪһΣ˻ʸѾǧ֮ã
½֮սĹǸȫսҲǺޱģûκѹƵ£ƾʵᡣ
õķüͷ
ʵʾ磬ܹƴõһģǣȫĻ
ǿܹⷲʥأ
˵ʱûнʥˣѡʸûУ˵ȥȡһˡ
Ҫչһʱˡ
л׶˸˷ܵĹâ
һֱѹԼȥڽʥѧҲѹԼˣңһʱڣٵĳ̲УȻû취̲
ڳģ˷üͷģԴ˷ܣȻ⣬ѾʥףֻҪȫ̾ˡ
ȴǲͬġˡϣһδ޷ʥף
ΪѣΪĿǰʵ޷޿⿪϶µ췣
ûʲôˡ
һڴӣƲԿЦ
㲻ȫƿ䣬٣Ҳһϵļ֮ȥ췣
һʱ䣬ξּ֮


1180 
λ½֮սһͽˡ
ջ˼һƽĶ˵
ҪھϣԲô׵£çײ£Ȼٲ
һʱ䣬̫ˣл׶˽ʥ׾û⣬̫Զ۷壬ʱ۵ʸûУΨз
֣ǡ
л׶˶ǲĿŮҲЩȻĿ
ƵʵǿǿУңʱҲ۷ĵزΪΣ˵ЩǷϵĻأ
ŮԷƵ˽⣬ԲһԷˣô˵ԼѴ
ãϣ
¹ȴ˷ܣԼŴġ顯죬ȴǻһµİۡ
ǲҪȡõһôף
˵Ц˰ɣ½һȻҪ㡭Ҳ֪ĸǸһҶԸˡ
л׶Ҳûȥһ߹ķƵļָ˵
ûǸһĴڣһĳǣǻ壬ҲǸһĶ֡
ҲҲֻǰܹѹǸˣ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦڲûٵɫ˵ұȽѣһ֮ڣֻºͻʥףԡֻܽˡ
ʲô
˽Ǵ㵵ĿһЩ⣬Щɻ
㿪Цˣͻʥ׶Իʲô谭𣿺Ǻǡ
л׶΢΢һ㶣һƵؿڡ
ҲûпЦ
һɫҡҡͷ˳֮󣬲ٴ˵ҵȽ⡭ͻʥףҲҪܳһʱſԣһꡭǿ϶еġ
صı飬õһ
ƲǸ³çˣȻ˵ˣ϶ԼѴҡѴӦñȽϴ󣬾Ҳûڶʱڿ
Ƹ磬ģһȫԸġ
Ŀһ۷ƣǼ˵
ڷǰһֱûԵúǿƣǺ·ƻѹȴǲͬˡƣѾ׷ˡ
ðɣֻ˵ˡ
л׶ǴһĨЦһ磬Ҳ˵ͷ
¹Ҫ˵ʲôʱȴǱ˵һۣӣ˻ȥ
֣ԺÿҶʱʱ򣬾Ϳˣ
һ¹أһĨ⣬ɵЦݶ˵ţõĺ߸Ǳһſ
⡭ðɡ
ҪܾǿΧһ˫˫Ŀ⣬ǴӦڣʹ˷ܡ
ʣֶȻǶĪĺôֻǣƵȭͷȴʵ̫ˣ
ٺ٣Ժиˡ
л׶ֻĳЦһʱ䣬ԭգи
ϾֲǲܽʥףҪһʱѡ
ôһ룬ŮҲ
߰ɣȻԺϢϢ
˫ˮлȣǳſȥ
ȻܼǣҲһʱᡣ
޷õһεĵһ޸ġ
һ˹õѾߵſڵķͣ
˵ģȻѩĮ
һ˫ھ޾Ǻӣ߼ʣ棬תԼصĹɡ
޸Բܣ
л׶һ㶣ҡҡͷ˵ȻҾ˵˰ɣĸڣһϹڤ壡ʲôɣ
ʲôϹڤ壿
˽һһĲ˼顣
Ϊյ¹شʱҲĿɿڴĿл׶ȻĲᡣ
ڹż֮ϣڤʣǱ֮ΪϹڤ壡
ֻ֮ܿʣΪ䶥֮һ˿ѹʣ
ҵ죬ʻĴؼ䣡
¹ؾסҡͷлģ϶Σ
Ըʻ
˿̣ѩĮҲ޷浭üͷ΢΢𣬿л׶
̫ǿᣬܹģ
Ҫ֪ǿԳΪڵĳʣֻĤݣɳԽ
ǧŲʵ
ġ
ص˹ǵע⣬ǵע£һ˵ΪҲǸˡ
ô˵ӦòǴ˵ˣ
ҲһЦһƬ
ȻӵСɽǣȴûԴΪ֮Լû취
ʴ̫಻˼漣ˣ޵Уܣӡ˵֮ϣ
Ϊʲô˵εһ޸ģ
¹Щյŭ˼ǶѩĮµ


1181 ˷Ľ
¹ôһʣ˲ǽĿѩĮϡ
ȷǾĸһλϹڤĻôѾ˿ѹε½֮սضǿף
㣬ӹˣ
ǣղѩĮȴ˵εһӦ޸ˣѶ˵޸ܹѹڤ壿
ǾԲܵ飬ڤ壬ľϣû˿ѹƣǣԶ
ǣͬΪˣôһʮڣ£ѵܽڤ˦󣿣
ûţ˿̣ѩĮԼҲһã֮ڵڣٴθֳǳͼתд¶
ϣҲȥվţȴŽ
Ҳ֪ǰһȻԴ󣬵ǣȷǷ˼һ飬ȷܹһ
ǣҪȥıȴڵ졣
ʦ
ԡ½֮սĵһӦû޸
֮ѩĮɫЩ԰׵ĻعҲĻָͷϹźˮƺĹȡ
ⲻܰѵǸһûнĸ
л׶ѿ˵
ҲһֱǸһţֱʥѧŵţǼһҲӦΪʥѧԭſϰݣ
ˡ
¹һƨɾڵϣţڴž֡
Ȼ뵽òһõĶ
ֹҲһ
̵ֶΣǿɲǼʶˣǴӦȴûĻһһ㲻Ҳɣ
ͷҿһź⣬ض޸ɡ
ѩĮɫЩήң˵
һź⡭
üͷԺĲл׶һЩϤӡ
ǸսĹ֮ڵӣ
ѪħӰ
˵ʱĪĳ֣߸ʥأʥصʥӣĿģȴû֪սĹ¼ҲٴĪʧһ
ʱ˿ھս˰죬Ҳ̶ȵĻޣ
ʵ綼ĿֲɼĲ򵥡
ƾռ츳񽣵ķʵҲܹսģѣ
ʲôأ
ƵüͷΪ뵽Щ£ĸˡ
һʱ䣬ϱԵЩƲҵҲСһĿɫ
ѩĮĻһǽҪԵı
ϣҿõʦڸĳһһɣָһƾҵʵܹȡһһǾͲܿˡ
¹ţԽ˵Խ¶һԼǻ۵ɫһ»˵İۡ
ʣ쳤һֻһˣⲻܹģҲһڳڤ壡
֣治ԣ
л׶ԥãǳŷʵ
⡭ѡ
һ˫˫ڴĿ⣬ƻǿЦҡҡͷ
ЩһѵôΪԼܹԿڤ壿
֣֪½֮սһĽʲô
л׶һתصʵ
ʲô
üͷһҲЩڴ

л׶һָ˵½֮սһڡ֮ءһ꣡
˵ţҲĻ
һ갡ڡ֮ءһܹ൱һĹЧһ꣬ǿɾ൱ʮ֮
ʣ־ջ£˭ܹ򶨣
ҲЩǲżʥ׵ԭС֮ءĴڣһܱһ꣬׷ȥ

ԷƵǣ˿ҲɵһĶصһڳ
ڡ֮ءһ꣬൱ʮ꣬ôʱ䣬һ£Գһôֲĵزˣ
ջ󣬾ǷҲòлˡ
ٺ٣
ˣл׶¹ضǺٺһЦ
һȺ˵Уֿܹڤ壬Ǳضǰˣ
Ȼ԰ǣ֪֮еģ¹գҲûҳ˵ԼҪ֮ˡ
ҡҾɡ
˫ˮǳǳĵ˵ͷԭѾ˵ģ˿ȴǱˡ
һʱ䣬򿪾ϣ̸ף
ȴΪƴһƴ
Ļ̫ѵˣƾû֣Ƕ֪Ҫܳһʱ䡣
ֻǣǷƴʱӦˣѩĮȴҡҡͷ
ϣûΪƴʱӦı䣬źƵĴڡ
л֣ץʱͻƣȥϢϢ
仰Щ糺Ů첽ȥ
ɫѣ
л׶¹ضݺݵһ䣬Ҳ˳ȥ


1182 صʦ
ŮһĲ࣬˲ǴӷŮɻ˵죬ޱȣõķеһ죬˵Сݺݵһſϰݡ
Ƹ磬ǾԺͻʥȥ񡣡
ӦһΧԪ֮󣬲Ƕŷ˵
⴦ԺӣµģȻԪŨȣﵽһµĳ̶ȣ켫ԺΧڣӦûмԺȵġ
ţһɣҳȥߡ
Ƶ˵ͷɿ˻еһŮĽдЦ߳Ժӡ
ν⣬λأɷˣ
һ·ϣɫһƮɽ֮ڣгСּϷһĻһ
ֻķƣȴûȥ·ߵľɫ
Ҫ뿪ھŸϿףںּ֮Ŀ췣ԣȥѰҼ֮Ϣ

Զһķƴӳ˼о˹
ʱأʱᣬõٶȣҲɵô˱仯
֮ڣƺһڣoؼԪҲɡ
ѵǱסһλʦ
һɵĴһĨ⡣
ܹʥѧ֮ڵʦɼһ㣬ôܿĳ˾һ㡣
ţǳôԴȥ
ӡӵ˾ԵʵŻǰ¶ԣڼһ
ϴˮǵȴõһ鼫õĲϣϼ
˵۱ܹһʥǺõģϾʵӵе۱Ҳûжô
֪УѾ߳켫ԺķΧվɽڴȺɽһ޴ٲµһСéݡ
޴ٲǴӾ֮£Ϊ׳ۣƺƵˮǧɱ䣬ܹշһУ¡羪ף쳹ɽȡ
޴ٲ֮£ȴվһˣһһٲ֮£׳˶һ鼡ǽɣй֣˿ֳ̣һɫʵľ޴ר־ôǰϵһ鰵ɫÿһȥӲͱ任һ״ǣȴԵøıΣƺĳһض״תš
޴ٲĶȴһɲ䣬ǧٲ˿ı䲻о޴Ĺ켣ȵĴС
˿̣ˣƺĳһ⾳Уƻ߽ҲûзڴŰϵ׷ѰԼеǷݸо
ڼ⣬ƾͣ˽ŲվĿǰһĻ
Ѿڴ
ܹоĵǿʵҲƷ̶ȵش֮£ȴӵԼһڱ任ţƺһֻһ
⡭
ʱƾͱԼ뷨𾪵ĿɿڴɨΧȴǷ֣һɽ֮ڣȻǰһСéݵĴڣ
Ҳ˵һɽ֮ڣֻסǰһ˶ѣ
˭
ޱȵ𶯡
ܹʥѧӵһɽȵĴڣɼǰжôĲˡ
ǰһǳ˲õ
Ȼ𾴣ûǰһֱվԭصȴĿ⣬֪ľ˵Ķ֮ϡ
ÿһεĻӶشļ⣬һּΪķʽͷ˳ȥֳķʽȻ÷Ҳһ˿覴á
ԼȴǼĴֲڣ
ΪӵеǿֲģǣԻʽãҲ嫺гһӶѣ̲ص޷ȫ
ǣǰȴһƺÿһȫеǣ䴸ʱȴܹȷµĿĴС
һĻ𺳵˷ơ
Ҳ˽ȥģĺƺҲٲµһļ⣬Ҳ䶯ڣضķʽӿš
˿̣ȫһУԼڴһֱۻĻӶ𶯵Ŀռ¡죬ΪٲܽԣŲԵͻأ
ȻڵĶԵüΪǷŻ˼ʮľͷһûκεвǣ۳̶ȣȴǴﵽһµĳ̶ȣȻʹûʮؾ۳ƺм̲ص˳۳ɴ󺣣캧ˣ


1183 
¡¡
ٲƴ£ӵɽۣЯ֮ƣȻ£˻ǧ׸ߣΧһƬˮãã
֮£һ˴ĶʼһبŲ䣬źɫشĪضĹɲϵ䣬Ǻ裬Ҳ翪ٵصľˣǧÿһƺڴ
ĲԶһӣĿϣ־𣬾ķ棬趯ţΧ׹쳹
Բԡ
һһεĸıԼƵʣһһĵɶĹ켣ϵĸƣϵļǿԽԽӽٲ֮ǵӰĶһ
һּΪصķʽܹ׵ĵһ˻еӶﵽʯ쾪Ч

ģһƬãã֮ʧȥǵ˵ӰԺ֮ڣֻһصڣǸɶš
˿̣ĶȻȥΪǣÿһϸСĶǸģƺ̧Ͷ˺أÿһ鼡䶯ǴһĹɣڣ쳹˳ĶһţһˮĿֲ
𽥵ģĶĿֱһһεĻӶڴһٲǵ˰Ӱӽ
ʱ仺ţͨһƬմӶתƵߣתۼ䣬ʱ͹ȥˡ

һ쳹ټٲֱӽӷɾȻǱһٴδ
˿̣ڰϵѾһˣһֵԲԲΧŲ·ȴǼΪ⻬ܹӳĳӰ쳹ǷһɫĹΣޱȵȣϯȥΧٲǺ棬һ㣬Χˮɡ
ģⲻƷҲǰ뱦ģѾ˼Ʒķ룡
ΪѾ
Ǿ˰̧һץԲĿԲɨţȻͷɫһ˭
ӡڵģһӣϣǷȴԳۣ˿̣һƬããվԭأֱ۲ϵĻӶţһһΡ
ף
Ӧ˴룬ŭǣǰһĻ֮ڵŭȴһ˲תΪɫ
׶ķʽѾ֪ĶٻˣȻǿ͸
Ȼǰ˵ĶȽ裬ʱ©ٳǣȴҲ˼ģڣʱÿһεĶ©Ȼڲϵļ١磬һھ׶Σž̶Ȳ
۷徳磿ѵ½ѧԱֲãȻҴǸСӣ
һĨ˵âȴûȥĶ෴ģЩĸµĿÿһζ
СӣӦҴʱ͵͵ܽİɣ
ɨһϵգڶʱһĨȣʱȻֽȣ
ˣ
Ȼƴʱĳ̶ۣǣһϰʱĶܹﵽ̶ֳȣȴõòˡ
˿̣ŷƵĿ⣬ǿһδĥľһ
е˼
Ǹǣ΢΢һǳǳĻȣһУɫľ޴ͳУǺԥģͽѾõԲ˰̨ϡ

ֱһӣ޴ǺԥĳԲȥһִɶ쳹ɽȡ
޴֮£ԲȻͱεĲӣ˲䣬ԭǰ뱦Բͱһѷֻǣϣȴû˿۵ɫǶһõһ
ĿһֱڲԶķϣŷƵĶǻ᲻ϵ¾޴ƺӰ쵽˷ƣĶÿһζž޴ĸƣ١
Ƶָı䣬ȻУڵĹâ֮ӵ
֪УϣǺϼ죬ϦĹ⴦ɽȾĸ͡
ƵĶɣеľ޴ɡ
һգۼ䣬ϱǷǵ㣬¹ڸ߿գ¹кɽȣͯеһΨĻ档
ʣ
˿ڹʵһƬ貣ǳĹҲѹ¡
Ȼ˰֮ģ


1184 ʦ
Ϊһָʦ˰ӣȻ֪ʦ߱صʲô

ȱһɣΣ츳
ǰİӣʱ˿̣ȴǽչֵ쾡¡
ܹһһ˿ˮްǧ˻ͽ˺أֽȣǿУÿһʱÿһӣϸ΢ĸı䣬ĳ̶š
ʲôëǰһ鱻ڸǵڻĹʣ
ԣûȥ˵Ķ෴ģϵĻӶеľ޴ôЯɵ죬Ǿڸ質
䷳һʱ䶼ظͬһֱڶ峿
¡¡¡
ŶߵɶһһĻӶȭͷڣһɾǽһӿȭͷ֮ڣĻӶȻ˳ȥ
Сӣ
ȭͷĵط˰һһץһֻ۶ɵצץ˹ȥžշڣ˿©
ƿأһ¶ţ
Уκһϸ΢ʧأᵼʧܣԣԼκε覴ôڣ
Сӣҵĵ̲ɣ
ڷƻããȻʱһܼŭڣʱֱӾ˹۾ڣһߴӳԼ˹
ˣ
пһ£ϴڨڨЦݡ
֪УȻ˽ȥһɨϵա
ԭûá
ʱɵ˿
СӣѵΪʱ仹ᵹ˲ɣ
ŷϸ΢Ķ˲Цһ

һ̧ͷȻյλá˻࣬жʱһѵѾһˣ
ʲô֣
˷ǰͣ˽Ųһ̩Ȼɽ޴Ӱա
Сӷơ
Ʋֹ˵
Ѿܹµǰ˰ӣʥѧھԼΪߣȻһ˶һɽȡ

˲ûеѵһ٣ΧתһȦлõķЩëȻ
죡
ڷǰٴͣ£ʱһ
죿ʦ
һǾЩϤ֮ʱһڶʱ¶Ϊ𾪵ɫ
½һţҲ³Ϊݵˣͽк죬ҲǴΨһһܹͨʥʦ
½ǳһζѣһżڵõһ鲻ĲϣڵһӵʥϢı֮󣬱ǳ׵¡
ֻǣǴ֮ȴ伣ǵ۳Ĵ壬߾ȫҲûҵټ˭֪ʦȻʥѧ֮ڣҿڵӦûӵв͵ĵλ
ҲʦʥѧˣֻǣΪѰҲȥһ½ѡ
ף֪ң
ҲЩȣδںɽ߶ңļУƺҲûĸʵԷΪհ
ʦ׹Св֪֮
ƵɫӵĹˣǰǾ˰ӣ¶羴ɫ
ؼ䣬ܹͨʥ޼Ǹ󳬷֮ҲˣǰˣڻɽҰ⣬żУȻ־һͨʥɼʵ֮ߣʵ㹻ֻ۱ܹ
뵽⣬ҲˣΪʥѧڣҲֻܹһӵһɽȵԭ
֮ˣȷʥѧҲùŰ
ңǰ˰ӣֻ²ֹܼ֮ʵҲǴﵽһֲĵز
С½
˼Լƴ΢Цѵ
½
΢΢һͻָ˵ͷԭˡ
½ΪҪռһЩĲϣ¶Լ֡
ССܹͣӵΪѵá
ٴɨһ۷ƣ˵ͷڵɫˣֱӿʵСӣԸͽܣ֮
ֹһζͽ֮ģǣȴһֱûҵһʵѡЩţȫֱۣˣԲڴ˲ҪһĴ
ţ
͵̧ͷĿ
û뵽еʦȻҪԼΪӣΪ⡣
ô㲻Ը⣿
Ϊ˷һԥһüͷ΢΢ѿʵ
治ԸԸԼһ֮ʧ


1185 ҵʦ
⡭
ôһʣЩĶܿͳȥ
ȷһ֮˫ܹ£ԼĵλԻᱻȹ̣ңķʽҲҪģ
ţֺ£ʥѧûмܹܾ졣
ǣȴǷϣġ
кܶ·ҪߣҵϣҪӻζĽŲͣ£һҪ۷壬ΪµĴڲС
ңһ֮ڣҪҵܹͻʥ׵İ취Ȼ½һͻˣ
֮ءһ÷޷ܣ
ԥᣬüͷһ֡
˵ʵڵģǴֻܾ֮˵ķݣһֱû˾ܾҪ
ǶͽͷԺԺԽһЩӵ츳͹ѡֻǣȴ˴ﵽҪ
ҪշΪͽȻܾܾ޴ķõɫҲǳȥ
治Ըô֪ٵţǣеҪԶǰˣȴĴﵽһеĿҪţ˵Ľȣò˼ʮ꣬϶һλʦ
ʲôѴ
ƾþòش𣬺еǺͰʵ
ţԼλʦҲԹԵĽǰСӸԼ͹
뵽㣬鲻ɵļΪ̹
ʦСЩʶ̧ˣ¡
ǴſЦ˵
ǰĺʦʲôݣָܹԼԼ˵ĿѾǷǳԼˡ
֮飬ԼȴԥҪȷЩʶôˡ
СҪ½ȵһңСӵĵʦҲ᲻ͬ⣬ԡ
Ʋ̧ͷ૵˵š

һʱЦɽڶڻص־½һɲװ˵ˣ˻ʸѾкܶûжõһˣ
˵棬Ҳ΢΢һ̾
ϾҲ˻ʸߵˣ˻ʸ˵įҲܲܣһĶ֮ϣҲûȥЩ¡
ĿɨƣҲɵһĨ졣
һֱڹ۲Ƶ棬һǷ֣ƾȻֻһͨͨ׼֮壿
Щɻ󣬲һ뵽ǿƥǻȻĵ˵ͷ
ȷƾǿȵȷʸˡ
Ҫ½һüˣսʥײУȻΧʸûС
ʥѧôãȻҲ˽½֮սһҪԣҲǹ
лʦ̻塣
ǵĿЦȴǸŨˡ
ԼĿ࣬˭ܹ֪
£û£㵼ʦ˭ȥ˵
ǳüģüͷһΪΪʦͬΪѣԣ˵
ţʥѧûĸʦ᲻ˣ㵼ʦͬ⣬ֱȥԺҪǰ¡
ǧѵһˣҲ֮пܾͻʧˣ
ɲҪһӹż̳Լ֮
ʦ
һĨŹ֣һ˵ҵĵʦ̣
ԭ̣ܺãȥ顭ʲô㵼ʦ̣
һʱɫ˲ͱЩѿڵ⣬˸žᡣ
Ȼ
һʱЦ
̵ʦ֣ðǰݸ߹쵼ʦҲΪ֮ɫɼʥѧڵˣ
΢΢һ䡣
ôһǿĵʦܶʱ򣬻ܹȥġ
ʱ޷ھܾҪһ̵̧һжʡ¶ˡ
ô
΢΢ĳ鶯ţüͷĸƺ뵽ʲôӲɵһɨܣûпǵħӰ˿
ǸŮˡ
ţħûġ
ʦʦ
Ŷ˵ʲôţ
˼ΣǻعĿڷϣǴžɫ
ǻһʦ㹻ĽǰȡǣǻǸŮˣȴȥڵҲûС
㵼ʦ̣
üͷٴʵ
ţСܹ켫Ժһλǰָ㣬ԾҪ켫Ժʦ켫ԺĽȡʦ
ưٵ˵ţϾҲԲĵǻƵѣȷǲѡΪʦġ


1186 Ŀ
̣켫Ժ˻ʸ֮ڵһڣ֮ĿǰΪֹƻûпֵܹȻ֮ˡ
ǰλʦҲˡ
˶ôƫƫŮȥȡʦأȻȥϼһȥ
һŭǣҲֵġ

ЩĿ
еϼһû´Ļܻǡ켫ԺԺ
ϾܹʦˣҲֻиԺԺ˻ʸĸˡ
Ҳ˵ǰλʦ켫ԺԺӶҲǣȴȥȥ鷳
ɼĳںо˶ô̵ӡˡ
ǰ޹˺ߵһڣ
г鴤ţ֪̾ʥѧʲôĴ顣

ŷƣ첻ɵٴ̾Ϣһ
뵽񣬾ҪǸŮ˸ˣһ󲻸鴤ֻǣһ뵽Ů˵ֶΣȴǲȥơ
㲻ãŮһŭ֮½ԼѸҲûпܡ
ʦСӲ
ҲǺΪھΣǸ˵
޷
˰֣Ҳǳʧ
Լò׿һĺӣȻǸŮĸȥˣʱ֪
Ҳ֪ŮУǾûп³ĵԣҲûбȷӦԼ
ʦ֪ɷСһ
ԥãʳ
ǰһʦǳϼܹ죬ʥȫû⣡

ЩĿбһͷʵСӣ֪ʲôõģ
⡭
ƱҪ˵һ룬ֲףǫĵʵʦָһ
һ˵ȻԼĲõģ
ն˵ɫ࣬һɰȻϢ˳
˿̣ԵôĹ°
֮ϣѾûжٽĿռˣ˵ʱ粻ܹ۱
Լģ
һ֪⣬ͷˮ
ؼ䣬һλoһλۣõı
̧ߵ߰˵
ڵˣ֮һԣȫΪܹע֮Ѿ޼
Ͼ޴֮˵˵˼˳۾棬Ļʱȥϰ֮
˿̣Ļһشһû˷ƵԺ֮ϣʱɫһþ˵
ȷĴۣ˭ģ
ûаɣ
ûѧ֮ôܹԼĵ۱
ԣʵһǿ˵֮ҲǱģȻԺҲ޷Լı
Щ飬Ǻ첻ѣƾԲȥ롣
Ͼ˵̫ңԶˣʱе˼Ƿо֮ϡ
ǿߣضԼֻоһĳɳ̣ܳΪϵ۱Ҫ֪ʵҲģһճʲôӤһһĶĳɳܹĳ󡣡
һ۷ƣǻ˵ţΪ֮ҪţҲˣϰ֮ʵľǶĿơԣɱСһ
˫һһľһһΡɽư嫣ѹһУ
š
Ƶ˵ͷԺ֮ٴֳٲǵ˰Ӱ
ôľĶǣÿһȥڿٵأǵƿأֲűǾԵľ춯أ
һ̣ԺͻأһĨٻӰ
̣
ʥ÷ڣƿҲﵽһΪֲĵزţûжʥϵֻͬףһˣͽԼһȺνľţȫ׵ķŵǿģ÷޷ǡ
ңϣһ֪ʦߣ
ǰ޴Ӱгֵģɲ֮ʵҲԿ԰Ц䣡
ȻƴʱƲ˺ʵʵǣѹ֪죬ڵʱֵǼλʦҪ߹ǣ
ԣҪҽ飬㻹Լ졭
һĨ޵Ļȣĵ˵
⡭
˿̣ٲףǾɵˡ
ⷬɾ֮ҪԣңҲͬʱ˵֮ߣᵢС

ĺ˿ȻһĿź죬ֿ˵ʦСӴĵϣܹΪĵӣҲϣܹ˵֮


1187 Ҫ
ţϣܹ֮ǰλʦģҲԣҪϰ֮޷Ѱһǰõĵʦˣ
Ŷ
һʱĿ˷ϣɫصʵ㵱Ҫϰҵ֮
ţ
Ҳһصĵ˵ͷ

Ӧʱ򣬺ٴηĴЦǽײһЦɽȣ治иС޶Զɱ䡣
ȷǸˣһ֮ûдǰźӡ
ʵҪ̣ѡһˣﲻ֮Ҫ󣬸޷ϰ̸ʲôɣ
ǰˣҿ϶պĳɾ;ԲԼ
Ӵ֮ʱ򣬿ɲܹһھʹﵽ̶ֳȡ
ţϵЦݱǸŨˡ
һʦԼѧгԽԼĳɾͣ
Ҳһϣܹ֮ڷз
ֻǺʦ
ЦͣƲ΢΢üͷ
Ҵʦ
üͷһƺЩ
ʦ
һǸĿˡ
⻹ࡣ
ҲųһĨǳǳĻȣڣɫһֱĥţβܽǰΪһ
ʦֻǣʦ
ƼãСѵ

֣Ļȶʱͽ΢΢˳飬üͷ΢΢£
һʱˣȻҪһˡ
Լô͵͵ѧԱǱ֪ˡ
ȿȣʵأ֮Ҳ˵һҪһֱеģҪǶĿƣ𣿡
˼ԼΣһɫ˵š
Сף
ĵ˵ͷ
ȻϿȥʱѾӽǵ˰ӰˣʵȴǻԶ
һ;ϣǲκβصģȻͻṦһ
ʱԶĿƣܹշ磬΢
΢Ŀƣֻ֮ţ
һϽص˵ţҪһõͬһΪĸߵͣҲֲ
ĽͣƲˣҲףΪ֮
˿֮ҲôѣЩһ˽ģҲ֪һȵĿơ
ǣⲻһ;ϵƤëѡ
Ҫ߽׵һ˵ΪǾԷֲģҲǵΪ˿۱ʥԭ
Ϊǵľ粻
еֻоԽߣܿƵ֮ӵиߵܡ
۱Ǵġ۵ɣ
ԣȫ˺˵Ļ
ԣʵͬʱҲ֮
һȻķƣϲǷŻ
һͨʡʡģûĸʦԸԼͽǸ˴ϻۣȻΪ⡣
лʦ̻壡
ƴһһϵס
ǰΪϰ֮ҲԼϵΪǣ˺Ľͣŷ֣ϰ֮ǲϵУ෴ģǻ𵽺ܴĸá
Ŀƣϵ뾳УҲǷֲġ
ϡвϣؼȻɣ棬Ȼ̲һЩȻ֮
֮ʱܹܹĸӦ̲ڸֲ֮ڵЩ֮ãҪЩ̲ڵ֮ãھ
Щ֪ڵˣһķھΪϣһ;ͱˡ
һЩ֮׵ˣҲûлȥЩҪǣ֮ɲ˭˶ϰģ
ȻҲһֱҲһ֮ˡ
ھʹ㡮еġ롮
콫ƴٲ֮£һ߽⣬һ߻Ӷž޴÷ƽһ˽֮ͬʱҲƿҪġԲġߴڸ
ʱ䣬֮Ȼţתۼ䣬ͺϼ죬»ƻ衣
ԷƵǻһʱ䣬ǳĶ֮һŵ˽⡣
ԣʵڻ޷ϰ֮뽫΢ĵزĿʼ𣿡
̵Ҳһ࣬ûаЦɫ

㣬ǳ
ˣ
ĵͷ
ʵҲ˵һҪҸطУνġʵһ׽εȫٵؾ
⵹÷Ƹ˻ˡ


1188 ƵѴ
һĺûϣ֮ǷֲڷƲ֪ΪʦԲҪǳĸˡ
ΪԽǸ߽׵Ĳڣ̲صġԽԣʦľ磬֮Ƿǳġ
ԣҪʦĻһ㶼Ҫ׼ҪһЩƷϣʦǲŻĶǻģ˼Ҹῴһۡ
Ҫõ½һһڣרķھϰɣԺеʱ
ЩԾԾԣиˣǳѵ
ӵе츳ȣǣҪʥѧ֮½֮սĿףʥףһжǰ״
ĻһͰˮӷͷ£˷еĻȣǣǹһĨŨŨĿЦ
ôѵʲôѣ˵˵һ֮
һǿʵ
ѾǵһοεıˣɻǴ½߳ģʹﵽڵĳ̶ȣͻʥ׺󣬻ǿ½֮ս۵ġ
ȻܹܲõһҲǺܿ϶
лʦֻǡпܣһ޷ͻʥס
Ƶл֮󣬲ǽԼĿԸ˵˳
ţʲôͻʥףôܣ
⻰Щ죬벻ţȰο㲻Ҫ̫ѹҪԼͻʥףʵһ׵顣
ȷͨ˵Ǵͨϣʥףڵ죬ǣܹʥѧ˵ȴǺ׵顣
٣ĿǰΪֹֻҪǽʥѧڵˣûгֹͻʥ׵ࡣ
ʦû֮˵
ԥãѡǰӣѹʵ
֮˵Ȼ
΢΢һ룬ǵ˵ͷ˵֮ˣ츳ǣҪϣҪǰǰ췣ܹɹ췣ġ޼
΢΢̾Ϣһ޵ϧ
ؼ࣬زڣȻ֮ˣֻҪǲɱµ۾ϵλ
ѵ
ŷϵĿЦһͫ͵һЩ΢㡭
š
Īע£Ƶ˵ͷ
û˵Լӵоϣ˵ЧѾﵽˡ
֮˵ǻҲδţؼûгֹһˣϣڳ˵ѾԨĴˣ޿ɿԽ
ô
õ֤ʵ֮󣬺һĨҡ
䶥ʦǿߣ֮ҲЩ޲ߡ
췣ôµۣ飬޲η壬˭ҲǣҲ޿κΣ
ʱ׷Ƹղϵôˣʱ²ɵĳ̾һ
ʦģĴ򿪰ϣֻǡҪһʱѡ
ע£ȴûа٣η壬ı֤ţһɿԵսΧкٲ飬һս⣬ͷٲ룬ɽʯΪĩ
㡭
ɸս⣬𺳵˺죬ʱſʼǰˡ
ָоǰСһûа٣췣ɹ췣
¡ҲﲻʲôæҪʲôҿڱǣ
˳񣬱Ǵº͵˵
ǰСһܹɹͻưϣʥףôԺĳɾͣἫΪֲ
лʦ
ܵ⣬ٴεл
ܹܵĵƽĳߣԼǴĵĹػõзж
һҪʥף
һƬᶨǡ
ãҾ͵ͻʥף
ȰСİƴϣдЦںҹڣԵüΪͻأ
ԼԽԽϲǰСһˡ
ãЩϣȻһʱҲõϡ
˵ţǴӽָڷóһâ貵ȻȽҲ¡
ʦһϡ
Ҳعڽָװгϼ˳ݵǰ
Ŷҿ
Щ⣬ǽ˹ֱ֣ӴУʱһɳɫϼǴ֮ӿֱҲӳĳ˺Щȵɫ
ǳϼ𣿣
һѹ貵Ĺâͱѹ֮ڣ֣ӤȭͷСĳϼףȻһأȥŪϣһʥ⡣


1189 
еʥǧǿͷ­ʥںλʦУƺֵһᣡ
ɼĿ꣬ѾǷڵ۱ĳ̶ˣʥ˵ѾǾֿɵá
ʦ䣬۱Ǽ±𣿡
ԥƻǽԼһֱڵ˳
Ȼ
켸Ǻԥľ͵˵ͷƽˮڣһĨȡ
۱ÿһʦռĿ꣡
ǡأ
뵽񽣱ӡһĻ촽ʵ

תͷĿ
Ŀ⣬÷Щ̫Ȼڨڨ˵ֻʡ
Ŷ
ջĿ⣬ΪϸĽ͵۱ܹļ±Ѿķˡ
еĳϼ𣬲˵ϼһؼȻɵģܼżϴŵʵ޻̸֮ʥѣʵԶʱڳֵۣoеıҲֻеĲŴﵽļµ۱ںɽڣĵ۱ֻЩνžУģֻ̲е̵ʥѣ׳ƣα۱
˵䣬дŰȻҲ
֮Ѿ£ǣκȴûеϣ޷ĵ۱󺶣ԣҪһҲν۱֮µһ֮Ƶģʥ
̶ֳȵıֻҪԵϴͿԽΪĵ۱
ԣǽģ֮Щٵ۾ĴҲ޷⣡
ԣʥѧڣԴҲǿͿģΪá
Ͼĳ̶ֳ˵죬ĳɾͣѾ븮ƽƽˡ
ҷҵ񽣣Ҳֻһα۱
вɣлЩܲˣͬʱҲˣΪγܹ۷岻ԭ
Уƿļµ۱
żϵļأ̫ͳˣֻҪǳڴеģȻͳ˵۱ֻҪoʹõıҲͳһʥڹżҲᱻΪĴڡ
ЩΪʦĺ죬ȥȷϹȴǴʧʹùν۱̶ȿɳǴֲڣȫǴϵּƷϴɵģֻΪ̺˵ϣԲżµǿ󣬾α۱ֻҪǴ߷ڵĵϣҲҪǿһʥࡣ

˵ͷֲ˵̫ˣҲֻгеģɡ
˵ҲǺȷϾһͨУܹͷųױȵܡ
Ŷ
⻰вɵȻֱлȡ
ӡȥһʯһûԼѪҺʱʯûʲô𣬺ްϵ·ҲȻγɣⲻɵȵĻɣӡǲأ
Σеı򵥣㲻ҲǼµ۱ɡ
ӡǳ޵ڴҪ֪ϴ췣ӡΪסһֻѾըʲôʣˡ
ʦ߱ԣ
ԥƻͲסеĺ棬ʵ
ⲢҪ֤ʵӡʲôǣ´
⡭
һۣһĺ棬ǲ˵ʵҲֻѧһЩ˽һЩѣУɵʱֻ൱ͨ鷲ĳ̶ȶѣֻǣȴǾ߱޵ĳɳܹԽ¡
Խ
ƵͷԾǱһشһĻһҲûȥ˼·ͣڿԽ֮ϡ
Խⲻӡ𣿣
дʱֻһͷ
ģԼӵһ
ôˣ
һ겻ģ΢΢һУѿʵѵܹı
ҲЩ٣ǻȡ
ҡ
һ˹ɫΪѡ
Сܵܣôˣ̫Ƥˣ㲻֪˼Ҵ𣿡
һĵͻأĴ˹ΣţһɫӰӰһĽ٣ٲߵ̶ԡ
ʦ
ʦ
𣬷˿ɫǲôÿϵıš
˵ʥѧ˭ҶλʦģǰŮӣ
̣
ԼʦоȻһ
ƽϣǣƺ뵽һЩʲôŤͷȥȥ


1190 
ģ
΢΢˳顣
Լʦĺ࣬ͬʱҲΪ棬̵ʵΪΣ
ǿΪϣҪᣬǾͱӵоܹѹ˵ʵȻǾԼȥ˳顣
̣ʣ϶ǰߣңһǿߣ

콿Ц˿ʱȥһħŮһΪˣõķҲͷȥһΣҿ
˵ģ㲻ѧԱɣ
ĿڻĺϣһĨɫ
ҡ
ЩᣬԲ۾ŭҧгݵĺǳһ飬ʦǴģ
ģѵͲ֪Լ𣿣
ôԼСһߴŮ˵ãĴĹߣⲻڲԼ̨
ҲǸģȰ㣬ǲҪģСܵܣǽרģ˭ҪҶӣҿɲŹ
һЦǰһһģһ˵Ļȣһ΢죬һٴη߷ߵĲͷȥ
ŮˣͲ֪ڵһЩ
ͬʱҲΪ̵ĻľƺŮ֪һЩʲô
ңƺҲܿСһ
ܹŮ˿ϣӣ˵ҲСһﻹֹǱ濴ȥô򵥡
ܹ򿪰ϣ
һ
Сһܹ򿪰ϣôпܣܹٵ۾
ǸңԶľ磬Ҳֻе磬伫µı۱
ҲԼԸСһܹԼɡ
ʦҡ
ˣ桭
Ҫ˵ʲôȴһۣһЦһһʧԭأӰ٣·죬Щεվԭء
Ůˣ
޺޵һ䣬ȴҲ޿κΡ
ǵõŮ˴Լɽȡ
뵽⣬ɵһ񺮣ǸɵƤϣǲһϸϸļƤ
ʦҡ
ź죬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôˣڨڨվ

̾һЩ˿һ۷ƣ˵Ժ󣬻ǽҴʦɣڵʦͿˡ
ףǸŮ˾Լģ̷ԣǣʦš
ʦ⡭
ЩˣȴǱֹס
⣬׾ͺˣһƺѣҪߡ
һɵģƺ˿⣬صĵֻϣҵ֮һ۱㣬ܹ𣿡
ǰ˪ľˣежĵ˵ͷܣ
۾ڳ˵ҲܣϾѾмµĴڣܹ֮ǰļ£пܵ٣ǣȴһӵһû߹ġ
սһ
ã
ķ۵׵ִţЦһƺޱȵĳ죬ӺҪģԺ󣬾ͽҴʦ𣿣
ǣ
Ҳֹظˣ˵ͷǴӦ
⣬оͿˣʱ˵˵ǺҪֻҪԷ㹻ˣ
Ͷ
Цļ򣬺⡣
һһСһۣЦ
ȥϢϢȥ׼ϣȡոһõı
˵ţǳһԵСéȥҲһ߽ڡ
ںܼªһСľһСӣһӣӣһš
һλ䶥ʦס

˿ûЩֱӾһߵϣȻָָӣʾ¡
㡭׼ʱϣ
Ĭ컹صĻ⡣
Ȼǲôġ
һҪ׼һЩ
ԥüͷ΢΢̾һ
̸֮ף
ʲô˵һܹæ
ɫԣҲҴƱ
Ȼʦܶ˶ֺǣǹϵһЩԭϵĶЩһǻǲòġ
ҡҪľż֮
źֿɫƼοڣ˵˳
ż֮
ԣһüͷ΢΢ЦһСһﻹ⣬ֶЩһǲòģҪֻȥ̽ѰһЩĹˡ
ȻΪƿĳĴҪþż󣬶췣
չޣÿһɽ֮ˣѡ֮췣
ʦָ㡣
ᵽĹһڴĿ


1191 ֮Ĺ
νĹǻĹţԶʱǿµĹأ
û˿㣬ԣÿһǿߣڽҪʱ򣬾ͻԼ׼һĹأĹ֮ڣȻǻأΪûϣԼ󻹱
ԣÿһιĹĿһȷѪ꣡
Ҫߵ֮⣬ҪǣĹڵĻأɲǳصģЩʱǿߵֶΣԶԶڵܹġ
ִܶ󷨵Ѿ޼ˣһЩӵо֮ܵ´޾Ҳʧˡ
ǣЩĹ֮ڣȴǲȱָĴ滹һЩϵࡣ
Щģ
½ϣĹ٣һ㶼һЩ֮ڡ
ҲΪĵĽ
֮󣬷ƵüͷĽġ
ѾǺɽˣ
ңĹĹһЩ֮أƾһСյʸûУ̸ȥĹأңҪþż֮ϼѣ
һ֮ھּ֮췽ҹ̷
ȴ֣ȴûаɫ෴ģΪɣһʦǲм֮Ϣ
ǺǣСһ֪֮
ϹһĨЦ⣬ûֱӻش⣬ǿʵ
ʲô
֮ĸ֣ͷһƬ죬ڴ𾪣ȡ͵״̬
ô᲻֪֮
Σ֮壬ʱجΣǣΪһԼϣ䣬ȴǳΪвȱٵ֧ҲǸ޵ĵ
ô
Ӧ˾ңҲһЩɵĿ
û¡
ƲǿĻعѹе֣ͷú쿴ڵɫǵ˵֮Ȼֻ̫ˣԭ֮Ĵڡ
д˿̼Ϊ𶯣޷ѹֵס
Ϊ˿ἰĹȴ˵֮ɼĹ֮һĹ
ѵ
Ѿ캧ˣֻܱ۾ǿѹס
ϣ
Ѿ뿪ʱˣڳʱ󣬷ƾͿ϶϶ǳˣȻԲܲѰԼ
Ȼڡ
ҲûϾ֪֮Ϣ֮ҲǼΪ𾪣ԣҲû׷ȥǻ˵֮ӵҺɽһ˵ʣ֮壬ÿһ֮ǾףΪ۷Ĵڣֻǡ궼֪١

ĺ˿ǿѹµз˿ǿʵʦѵ֮Ϣ
Ȼ
˵ͷ˵Լǰݴϴ֮Ĺˡ
ĽͣƲ˽ԭί
ϴ֮Ϊɣʱľ缸Ѿﵽ˵۾֮޵еĴڣֻǣʢ֮ʱȴ߽˰½ϵһΪڤ졯֮ڣҲû߳
⡮ڤ졯ڰ½֮ҲǾкպһ֮أһʥ׽ȥȥ޻أǣ·־ǿߵģԣʱ˾Ͷ϶Ӧ֪ԣŽˡڤ졯ڣڣ
ֻǣʱǿ߽롮ڤ졯ȴûҵκټǧѰա
ǣǰһ죬ȴǴӡڤȡյдһĲ֮ǿ߽鿴ǷһĹڣһЩ˹ƣֲӦþϴ֮У
Ҳ˵ǴĹпܾǷɵĹأ
һʱڣڶǿǰҪĹѰҷ֮
ֻǣΪ֮ɵֶȴӹɣж߽ȥܹųģȴǰٲһһֱڣûܹĹȥᱦ
һġ
ףɣǷϣ
ȡһöιȥƲ֪ȥԭڿӦǻصԼĹأֻǣȴ֪ΪʲôȴԼĹ¶˳ԼҲĹڣԣŲԼء
꿪֮ʱҲȥһ⴦Ĺ
ڴһĨ磬˵ɣ֮Ĺβƣʥ۷֮ˣĹ֮ڣҲᱻѹ۷徳硭Ĺ֮ڣȴŲȫ𾳽Ļ޴ڣмͷĻ޴ڣһֱڣʱ䣬Ҳ޷ˣܽĹ
ƲɵĲ˿ͬʱипϵľ֮ߣ
Ȼܽʥ۷֮Ҳѹ۷ĳ̶ȣɼѹ֮ǿᣡ


1192 
ÿһ֮ⲻ֮ӵкպյڰ½֮ϣҲ۷ǿߣǿߣղؿɼһ㡣
ԣڴϴ֮Ĺ¶֮󣬲ǿߣһЩǿҲ׷׸ڤ졯Ҫ֮еղء
Դʱԭǻ˼ġڤ졯ڣһֱݱĽŸַ
Ĺڣ˵ΪᱻѹƣһĻ־ϣĻ޻켣У˲֪жٵľǿߣЩѰǸ۵Ļצ¡
ȻҪޣΧҲǱģңҲΣյģ
棬г𱨳ԹԹңΪ岻ͬǻģɱ
ǣ֮£ǼӾĹڵΣԣµڣҲδĻޣ̽ѰĹڡ
ഫϴ֮ɣռּ֮Ҫǡഫõһö顯ڣ󲿷˶Ϊȥġ
п˵ţвꡣ
һܹռּ֮
ҲЩĿɿڴ˵
ϣǿᣬּ֮Ҫ󳬼ˣ
ܻţֱǸ漣
һ뵽ɲʵȻ
Ҳȷ˷Ǹ磬ֻҲôˡ
ʦʲô
ɻ󣬶顯ȴǵһ˵Ƕźʵ
飬ؼΪص֮һ
һĨԶƺĳֳ˼Уҡҡͷ˹ⶫã֪ҲûãЩ˵顯ǾԵǣѰ˵ȴǺôֻϹŶооԣЩ˲Żǰᡭ
ûã
һͷˮ
Ϊ⡮顯ȻؼΪصΪֻûأ
ܲףȴҲûȥϾǺ棬ҲԻȥ硣
Сڡ顯ӦҲ˽Ŷԡ
Ǻǣ棬ʱȡ֮ʱҲһߣҪ֪ǰΪ֮Ĺ֮ʥѧϼϿǶһǽ֮Ĺá顯ûˡ顯ǿɾֱܹӽΪϼѧԱ
ȻɴкسһĻϢ
ϼ񣿣
ƲɵĵһһƬȡ
⡮顯Բ򵥣ȻôܻΪʥѧϼ񣿣
ԣô˵ҲʥѧڣһЩѧԱϼѧԱҲǰ֮Ĺ
Ͼϼ̫ջˣÿߵѧ֣Ľ㹻ѧԱǶˡ
ֻڣ֮Ĺڣȴᱻѹ۷徳磬ҪԵĿһЩּϾĻޣһϣԶȨˡ
ȻҲͬ˵ˣֻҪȥ˵ģԾǾӢеľӢ
ȻҲ뵽ЩΣǰĹ
ʦҪȥ⴦Ĺ
뵽˷ϴ˿пܻԵĴƶʱЩסˣվǡ

ҲվΪ͵ĹҵĺܣһʱǽģԣȻҪȫ׼֮ȥ
⡭
üͷһЩΪˡ
˿һӶ붺ˣ
ĥѿĹ㶼𣿡
˵ļ꣬ʱЩˣѵ
ΪһʦɻľǼУ
һ֮ϣȴһһǼɹҲа̷ɣȻпǰ
ƴʱһԼҪ־ס̬ͺܲ⣡
ȻҲ״ʱƵ̬ˡ
ļģ֮ǷϵİΣֻҪĹƿϾ᧿Σˣ
Ҷֻǡ
ŭƵͷϴڣУɻǳżС
Ȼ˵ǲܵ飬ǣһأ
öģ
ֻʲô
۾һãһŭĿһЩɸֵĵٴγȵʾСһ˵֮Ĺڣǡڤ졯ΧҲȥȥ𣿡
ڤ졯
һ˼·ŻĴӷ
һʱŷϵİΣȴˣ⡮ڤ졯ǰ½պյĽƾԼܴȥ
ʱһ԰ס
ȷԼĿǰʵ˵ܹܲ롮ڤ졯ǽĹ֮ڣԼܸıʲôأ
ƾʱʵЩּĻҲܹԱǣȥԸľӢţ


1193 Ե
ļ꣬äĿ׵һ
ڶ¼ķƺЩĸӰ죬ԣ֮ʱֳܹȣ侲
ǣһ뵽ϱΣΣЩȴȫ˳
ʣܹأ
£
侲ǳ
뵽Сӵо츳һˣһӾҹȥˡ
ʦҴˣ
֪ԼղŴжôףȻ˿ǼΪļǣȴѹȥ
֮Σ⣬ǣҲҪԼһİ²ǰȥȻǽԼҲݽȥˣ
Լ£ǲûаϣˡ
ߣ
ƽ͵ϴеŭһЩʵ֪һ;֮ϣɻʲô
ĸꡣ
ƵͷǴһĨЦ
ʵһ;ϵļɻ䣬κʱһģ
㻹֪
ûĵһۣҲ
ʦ㣬ȥ֮Ĺұ뾡ȥ
Ĭã̧ͷھǼᶨź
㡭
Щᣬڲûиʱһ΢΢һֱֱϣһĨɻɫɨš
ȻʶǰСһﲻãǣȴǾãСһԲһçײ֮˲ŶԣطֵļΪϳɣΪΣʱȻ˵ʧ̬أ
ΪΣѵΪּ֮
еŭ𣬳ʵ
֪еԭ򣬾ʲôõСһ˵ĸꡣ
ǣϸԴȻԺָʲôأ
ʦı뾡ȥ֮Ĺڣֻԭ򡭡Ϊּ֮Եʡ
ϴŨŨĿЦҡҡͷȴǼᶨƣʾĲġ
Ϊּ֮
ҲɵһҪȥȴǼĨŨŨĿЦᶨ⣬ţûпڡ
ˣ
ֻǣΪּ֮СһΪʲôأ
顯
ӲΪ顯Ҳ֪
ͻأģȻһѵ
ʦϣұܡ
ˣҲ֪ѾµһЩֿĿ
ֻѡǰλʦˣ
ڤ졯յأֻһ˸޷ڣ벻ԼȥһǿߴԼȥ
̣
˰ɣҲŮָԼȥʥһ
ԣҲֻܼǰˡ
Ͼ˵֮Ĺڣʹн롮ڤ졯
˻
ƾȻĬϵ״̬첻ɵ˿һƬ𾪡
Ϊּ֮ҲΪˡ顯ôֻʣһԼҲЩ޷ŵɡ
ǣǰСһһ֮
֮֮ʣʣֻһһ𣬲ȻԲֵڶˣ
ȻܳΪϣ
˿̣ƵĬϣϸһȻ֣ʱϡǺˣ
ѹ֣Ȼӵ˺õ츳
лȻȴɵ㡣
Ϊη֮ǰÿһ֮ͬӵе׼֮أ
Щףÿһ֮ɲ⣬˸޷ʶʵʵǰСһӦʵ㹻ɣ

ãǺ˿Ҳһأģһᾡȥڤ졯֮ǰҪһֵıߣЩӣȻȥˣҲǰ״
лʦ
վĳǰλɾĳ
ߣ
һ˿̣ڷЩȴЩȻվû˵㻹ɵվϽȥȥ
˵գҲǴҴҵ˳ȥ
ȻӦȥ׼ҪĲȥˡ
ʦҪҡ
ߺ󣬷ȭͷקȻݺݵĽеЩ궯ѹȥǳȥ
¡¡
棬ٲӵ֮ϣ̶ΧһƬˮɫ¹£һԵø
һзȴûȥ͡
̶ߣĬĬĻźġصҪ㣬վֱۻĻӶ״죬һɹɺ嫵ˮһתÿһ鼡⣬ÿһϸڣ쳹һһһεĻӶ
ûãǳָоȥˣףҲ£ֱڶϻɻУûѡ


1194 
죬ں˵ѾΪһϰߣûдƣֱٲ֮£֣ͽǿһĳϼ˳

⴦ɽ֮ڣǴһϵĴ֮Ǿ֮ϵľ׹ҲһĪн࣬Լɶڣڼ䣬ֹ⻪޴֣֮и֣绢ԾڣƼΪƴ
λʦҪˡ
Ŵ벻ʱֱϾʥѧڣƺȴûĺ䶯һЩľɽͷԺڵˣֻ΢ĳһ۶ѣеҲ͸пһ
ȻǶѾˡ
ͬʱҲ˵ѾǵһΣɽ֮ˣ
ȻεĶǰҪ׳࣬ǣ֪ƢˣȴûĸҹңԺǹ涨ûеõ£ǲ߽ɽڵģȻߣᱻʥѧ
ɲڿЦ֮ʱܵţȻпܻǰǼŭλʦһŭ֮뿪ʥѧǿʥѧ޴ʧ
ʱҲ״̬˹Ȼ󣬽ĿͶ˺ϡ
˿̣һһٲ֮£Ӵٲǧڶ£ǣӴ֮ȴǽǱһ
һٵصľˣÿһȥǾ춯أܹݻһУ˺ء
ǣУȴһڣƺ棬о
ǷƵڶοˣһ޷ĸп
ֹһεĻɣǰˣֻһλʦ𣿣
˰ݷ
һܵoһһµؼ䣡
ˡ
֪УڷƵԺڣѾ򿪵Ͽ棬һϸ΢䣬ǳһ⾳С
⾳£Ƹܹ׵ľ쵽ںľ޴֮£һµ
Ȼƺܴƺһܴ֮𣬵ǣȴܹоĵǿңƺںĴ硭
֪УǣȻһĨ͵ЦݣƺΪ˼һµˣȻγɵģһףڵȴԼĺһ
ʱƱǱԼ뷨һͬʱҲ⾳˳ԺڣҲȻֹʲôҲûзһ
ֻǣеСȴУʱ쳣ƺҲ˵ȻҲû
Ҳֻһ˲Ĵɣ

Ƴĺ˿ԼֹŹֵѹȥȻ󣬽Ŀ˺ϣߣҲֻʣˡ֮ͬʱֱۣҲĻӶ
ʱٵţתۣʱ͹ȥˡ
ڣǰһĻûгʲô䶯ƺҲʧˣûйֻǣľ޴ӶԽԽˣ޴ĺɫشӵһӰռвϵ쳹ռ˺ѰҲﲻγһֱߡ
ش֮£һŹ⻪ĸ𣬾һСڳĳɳţ𽥵ĳ
̶һԣһƬãֱȻȻĻӶţȻҲɬ䣬ˮ˳ڣˮҲĳȥ˿̣һͨһǺҵĻȭͷԶԶȥǸе㲻̫ˡ
ż֮䣬ͻأģŵУȴ嫺еĺХκ˷ֱХĲ˳쳹˻鲻ԽһĴǰһҪ뿪ȥ
һһȻת䣬ϵ滻ģȻҲһڡ
ֱ硭
ԭҫգֻǣͻأģȴǷƣ⴦ɽΪģԲڣеԪȻ궯ȫǳ⴦ɽȾۼ˹Χ찵أڶĿע⡣
ֲѵƴʦʥɣ
ڼƵɽۣһ˫˫â˸˸Ӵ򿪣⴦ɽȿ˹ƺΧһб仯ûκεӰ죬ɽڵľǿС
ɽеˣȻ棬ǣȴҲû˭еӹ͵ԭؾҲǻۿ
۵ģȴλʦʲô̶ȵĴ֮Ĺı䶯


1195 
ϴ֮ɣ½֮ҲǴ˺պһλɨķľǿߣ˲֪˲ԣĹ֮ر֮󣬱Ǿ˸ǿǰ
ڤ졯
ͬҲǰ½׵أѰʥ׽룬ֻ·һ˵ڵޣġڤͲһܹܵ˵ġ
ԣǽ󲿷ֱ̭ˣ
ûоԵǿߴ죬߲ȥʸҲûС
ּ֮飬һϵеĸ˷಻ϹŶǶӱչ֮˳Լĺˣˡڤ졯ڣҪ顣
顯νΪȻѰ˵ûκãǣΪ顯һ˵ȴõϹŶΪ֮񡭡
Ǿǣ
ڣ֮Ĺ֪ʲôԭ򣬳Ѿˣ굱УĹ֮ڲ֪жپǿߣţڣ꣬ȻĹûдȥ
ɼֶ֮֮ǿᣡ
ǣһʱ䣬Ϊ޽չԣԣѾʱͣ˻ɱһĲ֣ܲѾ߳Ĺڣ˵ĹΧĻޡ
ԣʥѧҲ飬ע֮ĹڵĽչҲҪȥһ֡
Ͼ֮ղأԲ٣ǲȥᡮ顯ǵõһղأҲ
ԣ˶ڳﻮţν롮ڤ졯

ΪؼԪ䣬Ҳˣչسʥ죬Ҳֻһͻʥ׶ѣл׶ûͻơ
ɼ츳ϣһĲġ
һԺ˶СԺ˳л׶飬¹أѩĮҲѾڴԺ֮УĿⶼڳʡ
Ԫγһ޴УڣŸֹţԶ޺ķ
ʥ
ѩĮջĿ⣬һĨ𾪵˵
ʥ
˲ɵ˿
ǲûмĳ棬УҲô׳ۣȻЩ²⣬ǣ֪˽֮жɵЩ𶯡
ûд۵䣬ʥѾǼˣ
ѵǺʦס
л׶ѿھ
лҵıһЩʥѧڵ飬л峤Ҳ
У֮أ
Ϊһʥʦ
ʲôκ˶ǳ
ܹʥǾʹ۱ֻǣ粻㹻ѣ
˵죬Ѿվĳһˣ
ֺ˲ǻȻ
λʦֹ壬½ҲǼΪǿУʥǳС
ԭǺʦ
ջĿ⣬ǷˣѾͻ˷ʥһףл׶֮⣬˶Щȡ
Ͼл׶ǻ壬˽֪
ȥչˣͻҾͲ
¹ظоԼܵصĴһǳԼСԺȥ
ҲɢȥѩĮһ磬ҲȥֻŮԺڡ
Ƹѵûл
Щյüͷ
Ҳȥ˰ɡ
֣οãƸ粻µģڵҪͻʥף𣿡
Ȱ˵£Ů߻Ժڡ
û취ˣûѧ֣Ȼȥ֮ءֻͻʥףȥȡ׬ѧˡ

˿̣ȻҲˣ貣ڷ籩Уҡһ˫â˸˸ֱŲԶĺ졣
ټٲѾ̶ɿݣһٵصľһ㴣ֱۻӶļ죬޴˦䣬ΧĿռ䶼ǲϵѿһڵĿӣռ¶
ľ޴£һâ˸˸ȭ¶˳һͷſڣԵޱȵɲη
Ѫ
ĺ˹˷ƣûԥƳһνɫѪҺǸȭȥ
ѪҺȻǽɫ첻ɵ΢΢һȴûڿѪҺȭ֮ϺǺԥ޴ƺҪѪҺ뵽ȭ֮ڣȭڴڵȴƺڿţ˫ݵĽֵС
ҳɣ
һɾصĴƴӺڱŷŭĿԲɣһֳ־޴ĺɫ󴸣ž׵Ĵƣ޴ҵȭ֮ϡ
飡
𣡡
һε䴸һ޺쳹ؼ䣬Х죬һͷĴ״֣ſ˴ڣΧؼԪǿ


1196 
𣡡
һ޴ĺǾһɷϢϯؼ䣬֮ϵƲ㶼ɢΧĿռŤߣǺϵһ
ڴٲ֮ǰһͷڿգΰߴɣĿɲſΧؼԪ£һâ˸˸ȭ׳ĵĴϡ
ˣ
ƵĿⲢûзͷĴϣǷǸâ˸˸ȭͷ֮ϣģȻоȭ׾ԼһֱֻһУȻѪĴ
Կϲ֣
ʱǸҲֳһĨƣ֮ɫº͵ŷ˵
ֻҪǲ㹻ʥ˵£ȴҲǼΪġ
ͣ
Щ˹ָһһĨҩԱڡ
ǡ
תҩԣһͫ΢΢һǽЩҩԴ߷ȫ
˹֮Ĵ˵
ÿһ֮ƿؼΨһһʥҩ䣬ũҩ䣡
ԣܿȻˣҲûжʣиȷƲû˵ѣһ֮
ʱһԭŵȭױǳƮ˹ȥͬʱΧҲʧ
ϡ
ǽײ쳹ֻâ˸˸ȭףֱӾ˷Ƶȭͷ֮ϣֻС۶ڣʸУϢ˳޷죬ֱֻ۶ǽɵһ
ƻָؽڣûиеа谭УϵֻȭףĸоǸһ㱡ɴһûκθ෴ģֻȭ֮ڣܵһǿᵽϢڡ
ǿʥ
𶯲ѣӨ˸ȭףоһ
ԼȻӵһʥˣ
һҪǰλ˵ǿƺҲȻ顣
ֻǣڵΪ޷ӳȭ׵ܣǽʥףҲͻ᲻һˡ
ˣȭףҲܹ
ҲǺԲصظȭ׵ԭ
лʦ
ֿĳź칰ֵлһԵĸж
֮䲻ֻƼˮѣǣǰλʦȴ˽İԼСӡ
дͬʱ¶˾ģպ󶨻һĵ۱ɺԸ
ʾͺá
ϣֳһԼȡְɣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷĿеȭ֮ϡ
ȭ֮ϣǰ߲£ɣûа覴ãȭ˸ųɫ⣬һųɫĻһָȭ۾һ˵ͽгɣ
ϡ
ȭȻڻУӨ˸ϡ
ţԺ󣬺úദ
Ĭĵ˵ͷȥ׼׼һͬȥڤ졯ɣ
ȥ׼ϵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪֮Ĺ¶̬ԣҲҵˡ
ã
һƱǺܿٴιֵл֮󣬲ǳɽ첽жȥ
Сӡܹ֮ħ𣿡
ȥıӰ¶һĨǵɫ
ȷÿһ֮Ǿǣ꣬۷ʱһȻ䣬ʧ伣ĳءյصС
Ϊݣԣ΢֪һЩ֮Ĵš
Ȼ֮壬ܹÿһ֮˵츳ǣȴһħһÿһ֮ƺҲΪԼʶȻ䡣
бף
һ˵壬ôܳܵסϵ
Ȼ֪ԼĬ֮ȷˣҲ֪۷壬ǣ˴Ƶħ䣬ܷƣ
ȷ

ٲ֮£һ̾Ϣ

Ƹ磡
ƻ׼붨߳ӭһļһղճڷϾͲˡ
һ֮󣬷ϵЦݡ
ڤ졯֮£ȥˣ
Ƹ磬ôˣ
ŵһ쳣üͷ΢𣬿ʵ
ֻеСҪȥһ£ܣҪһʱܻˣԣȹǴк
ջֱֽۣüͷƽŵЦ˵
ҪŮΪԼǣңӵʥ̶ȵȭ֮ЩԸˣ


1197 
ȻŮµܻ᲻ͬѰǣȴҲԸƵ谭˼ϸǣ͵ʲô֪һȻʱ
Ƹ磬ҺһȥѾͻʥˣᵢ½֮սģ
ڷߵſڵʱ߼˷Ƶǰ
֪ΪΣŷƱӰʱһ󲻰硭ҪԶʧȥһ
һз뻳Уӵţ˵ɵϣֻһС£ȥȥͻأģңһᰲȫģ
ǡ
Խô˵еĲȴǸӵأǽıŷƣߣˮģߣƸ磬ʲôһ˳е˺ӣô࣬Ҳܵġұ֤Ϊ׸𣿡
Ƹ硭
ҲǺ۾˹ı
ڸղſƱӰһǣһնָоϢʱһĿߣǱ˳
ȷЩʲô飬ƶѡһ˿ţ֪ܶʱƶǾһǣٿ࣬ҲԼǰԹ䡭
ǺᣬǣҲΪ˷ƲԼΪ˲Ϊ׸ֻܽЩС
˿̣ί᳹׵ı˳Ȼһʰ
ǡ
λӿƶʱֽţæң֪ӦôοϣҲǹŨŨĿЦ
һˣãԼȻҪһмֻ࣬ǣ⵱УȴǺˣԼӣ˻ΪԼǡ
˿̣ٻ뵱ʱ糾ÿμԼ飬ʱһ
糾һֱûΪԼĳɾж߶ǣԼܹƽ
Լʥѧ֮ʱĸһ˫޺۾֪ԭǲǼǶԼĵǡ
ʱ˿̣ƲˣΪԼǶԴԼôĹɣΪԼĸĸÿζ۾ʪ
һ̣ͻأģúʹһĶڣˮ⡣
ʵʹ飬Īڵ¡
ѵ𣿡
ƲʣͻȻ䣬֣ԭԼҪԵĸʲôǣǷݵµȴǻʱʱַ̣̿ĥһ˵񾭣˲ð
֣
СԺ⣬л׶ĺžˣŮ۾޵ЩףƷֿһЩ롣
˺ˣȲᣬȻǿΪ۸ء
ѹе΢ЩɳƵָͷ϶һҩԣĨŮ׵ָ֮ܿǳԺſȥ
ԼӦԼһȥԣ
βС
ҡͷ
֮Ĺ֮У֣ҪԵĿɲֹЩӢǿߣҪǣԸľţֻҵ£ûӻŮİΣ
ֻǴʱ˿̣ȴҲɾܾŮˣΪ֡
Ժţֲһ
Ϊл׶ѩĮ¹أ˶վſڡ
ǡ
ЩĿǡ
С˵һ٣Խһ㣡
ѩĮ˵¹ȴ¿ˡ
٣
Ǵӷ߳Ů仰ʱһһǺ

̾һһѩĮ˵ɡ
ŪѩĮҪʲôģ
ƲһСˣǣ֪ѩĮһˣҰ̫󣬲׵ķ
󣬾ѩĮĽͣƲԵɡ
ΪǰʱѩĮŮͷ֣һ㣬ƺΪԼԵʡ
ף
ȷαضǴף
˴Σܹǰȥ֮Ĺˣɣ϶ԸľţΪǳ˵
һǿΣǵȻҵĳϣҲ𲻵á
ǣȴܲȥ
֣絼ʦԣһ壬ʲô£˵һȥţһԲһ˰ɣ
ѩĮŵЦ⣬һֿ˵ţ
ɨһۣɵء
һľʲôģѵҪԼȹѹػȡԼĺøУ
ԸôǷһ飡
ȴҲ޷
ȷһȺˣȻʹˣңѩĮܹδ֪˴ڣĹڣʤܻ
λǵ⣬ˣֻǣһΣҪܳʱ䣬ǻŬף׼½֮սȽϺáΣԼȥ԰ɡ
л׶˶ǴŵǵĿ⣬һֿĳǹ˹֡
ܽЩˮ


1198 
Сӣ㽫ǵʲôˣ
ƵĻ£¹رǵ۾µ͸㣬ҪƲŶûУҪԸ⣬ȥеʦ
ҡ
ȻǱǳ⣬ǣȴů⡣
Ƹ硭
ֱۣɿˡ
㲻ȥһȥġ
һ˳۾ݽҧ´
֪ΪԼһ𸶳˶٣ԣԼĸԶһֻε̵Ĵ⬡
һ̣ǾƢȴҲˡ

ƵüͷžǿСһʹ
ǰ磬ȻԼŬǣγǣıԼĸԣԸԹԵԼһСӡ
ѵĲԼ𣿣
֣絼ʦ˵ģһ塭ѵʵ΢ĺȲɣ
л׶Ҳվ˵
ǡ
ǵĿŨˡ
ǾͶˣһŶӣʲôһԣ˵Ķԣ㲻ȥԼҲȥٺ٣
¹һ죬˹صĴŷƵļ
ĲС
ƵüͷĸˣҡҡͷȴõһԵŮɫɷס
֣Ȼ޷Σλⱦǻز۵ˣɷġ
ѩĮһĪЦݣҲº͵Ȱ˵š
ȻγҲãȴǿûʲô֮ǡңҲԸԼڴˣ
ôһ˵˸壬ر¹أһûһµĳŷؿڣţǴùһ

һЦ쳹ţһӰӽ˴ڣˮɨһ۱鶼ЩӲˣ˵ȥǺ
ûûУʦ׼ȥչء
¹ؽͷҡĸ˹һſڷϡ
̫ˣȥһǾҪˣ
ȴҲûȥڹעǵɫֱλϵ¡
һҪȥ
֮󣬵ɨһۣǻ˵
ʦ
⻰üͷ壬Щżˡ
ǵʦҲõֻѡȥɣ
΢΢𣬶ŷƣǲƣһаȵĻȣȻһа취ǽܵġ
Ļõĳһ
һԵħŮ
аţٴΪԼѡôһʦĬ
ҪƿأܹԽȻһֱҪƵġ
Ƹ磬ʦİɡ
üͷɽ壬һԵȰοȴЩɡ
ʲôֻҪܺͷһȥͺˡ
ҵõϢϴ֮Ĺı¶ˡ
̽һ仰ʱõķͫ΢΢һΪĿ
ʲô֮
˽ԾѩĮһ𾪵Ŀ
˭֪ʲôֻǣ֮ǵļ䵱УȴֻǴڴ˵жѡ
ʱ̿˵Ȼ𾪵ЩӦ
صڡڤ졯ڣҵܼ򵥣ֻҪܹĹˡףǺˣ
£Ӱαʧλϣټ
ʲôڡڤ졯ڣ
л׶ŵĴ㽫ݶƷˣѩĮ顭һҰס
Ҳʵ̫ˣ
һҰĵʦͷʹǲȥĻǿ϶ûкùӳԣָȥʥʲôģȻܲᱻǣ˵ɳĸоȴûϣɣ
ʦ̸Ǵʦˣ
Ժȴֻͷ
̫ˣֻȥĿԼС
ܳʲôԭ̵ĿĺȷҪһȥ
Ķ㲻ˡǾһȥɣ
Ʊ۾ĺ˿
ԸǼһ˵ʵ
һѩĮû¶ʲôɫ
ܿҲ뿪ˣѩĮݺֿԼСϾ£ûŶӣѩĮԼܹļʸС
ţҪҪ˻ⲻҪȥ𣿣
ҾûȥҵʦֱȽϺãҲܴң
л׶¹ڿأһһ׼ߣһȥɫ
ȷȥڤ졯ֻǱȽܹһ㡣
ֵȵȡ
Ҫ߳ȥƽס˲Ŀ£Ŀˣа취롮ڤ졯


1199 
ʲô
˽ĿɿڴĿŷƣɫڿһͷĹһ˲뾪㵡
ڤ졯ʲôطǲ֪ģл׶Ľ˵֮Ҳˣ
򵥵˵ʥ׽ȥҲֻ·һоǿߴ죬ȻߵĽȥ
ȻǿһЩǣܹ롮ڤ졯Ǿ췽ҹ̷
֣ڿЦɣҪٽһ顮ڤ졯𣿡
л׶ɵɨͻȻһѿڽе֣㲻ǴҪȥ⡮ڤ졯ɣ
ţ
𾪵Ŀ£Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷ˵֮ĹڣһұҪõĶԣǷȥɣ
Ȼɻ󣬷Ƶǿʲôˣȴû취
ǣĿǰʵȥڤ졯
л׶üͷһ𣬿ʵ
а취
һĨ⣬һͷˮ˵λɣҴȥһˡ
ߵģȻŮһ˽קһֻ첲ƺͻأʧһһԵ磬ĿҲǽĶͬԵЩġ
ιʣǲʣ˭֪ƾȻǴ㴳롮ڤ졯ȥأ
Ƕһ£ԭƾȻǴȥΣյĵط
ҪԼʲôʱ򣿣
ʹͬʱ¶ģȥҲҪһֱڷߣȥ

Ϊ켫Ժ֮󣬲û߶ԣڡڤ졯ڵȴǺ˽⡣
ԣԺ֮߳󣬷ⲻֱȥɽȣǴ켫ԺĹ㳡¥
˵˰ɣ֮ĹѾմˣѾ˴Ĺȥˡ
˻˵ĹĺҲ⾿ʲôĹ
˵Ƿˡ
ԭˣҲѹˣξȻܹǰεѾ˰½ˡ
˭˵أϴ֮ףഫõһö飬ԣž˷ǰ
һЩ¥֮ڣ½ĴһЩ֮ĹϢһͷˮȻ½ǰʮ壬Ҳ֮һɫǲôÿ
飿
л׶һĨŹ֣һ۷ƣûг
˵ѧ䲼һϼֻҪܹõö飬κ˶ֱӳΪʥϼѧԱ
ǡ˵ɣзĲ㣬ҿöû׼Ѿˡ
һЩ̸õл׶ɫһתƺʲô飬ƺ쳣ʹֻ࣬ûаˣõһԵ¹ضǹŹֵĿڴһһ
Ѿ˽Ĺˣ
仰ʱ򣬷ƵĶһ£ϢҲҪȥȥʸף
塭
ȭͷս棬â˸
˭ֻҪ˺˷ϣ᲻Źһ壬㲻ҲҪ֮ʹĴۣ
ʱǷĵġ
ϾϲõĹͽľ֮ãĹ֮ڣҲһܹƵ˵ġ
ˣµĲҲӿ࣬߳¥ֱźڵɽȥ
һԵѩĮǳתƺҪʲôɫ԰ף죬ڴڵǳҲ޷ת粽޷㡣
ãŷˡ
㡭ʲôˣ
ŷƵıӰѩĮһĨãȻ
磬Ҳ࣬ǣΨֻзƣȴ޷һ˿һֻܴӲһЩ
ΣǼŮҲ޷пҪԵ顣
һ·ϣ˽ǳĬж˼ŸղŴ¥дЩΪ˽£˿̣ɶͷˮ
ɽȿϣƲͣתˡ
λҽʶһλˣܹǽȥ֮ĹڣǣĹ֮󣬾ҪԼˡ
˵ţƱǽĹڵһЩ˵֪
ڣҲףΪƽʱǸ벻е̶ȵޣЩ˿оȻļΪˡ
Ϊڱѹڳ̶ȵʱޣǣҲɵΪԼһ亹
ΪЩ츳֮ӣҲûȥԡ
ңҪǣЩޣһޣȻһЩ֣Ҳ֪λ֮ǴŪġ
ͬʱҲпλ֮治ǸǵģĹΧȻͲ˼գĹУֻ»Ϊˡ


1200 ڤ
λȥǸϽɡ
ƷǳƽĿˣҲ
Сӣ˵ﻰȻˣҲûȥҪҵҲһ׵£
¹۾ǰ͸˷һȭ
Ǵˡ
֣㲻˵ˣ֮Ĺȥˣ
л׶ҲһֿĿŷơ
ܹ롮ڤ졯֧飬ޣҲǲܶԸ
Ͼ顮ɽķǿɲǸǵģڼǲ׵ʵҲ۸
ƶлλյ
ƳһһֵлҲûԥλɡ
˵գתɽȥ
ɽ֮ڣһƬﻨ㣬ӰٲǶһһԴɫõ˶Ϊ֮һ
ɽȵλôЩ찡
л׶ɨţɻ૳
ҲµûĻӦǺʦס
ѩĮȻֻǣ֮ڣǴһݾȡ
ǲǰǴη籩𣿣
⡭
ôһ˵˲Ŷǻʱһڶ¶𾪡
УλʦɲǺƢһŭʥѧҲỤ㣬صģпܻᱻѧ
˵ʥѧЩԺǸеı󲿷ֶǳλʦ֣֮
ծ˭Ҳλʦӣ
˵λʦҲߣֻ¾ЩԺҲ޴ֲã
Ѵ˸ȥл׶Գеӵܣܵѵ
ǴʱƾȻ߽⴦ĿеĽ
һͷл׶Ҫ˳⴦ɽȣϾǱԴ룬ǿɾɡ
֣ò˵λʦǽ롮ڤ졯ɣ
ŲһŲͣţӲʵҲѾ𾪵˼㡣
Žʥѧ죿νʵλԺҪͽʦģ
˼뵽⣬޲ǵһĿⶼڷϣȴĻش
û
Ƶĵ˵ͷŲûֱͣͣСֱ֣ǴСéȥл׶˼ʯڵĿɿڴĻز
ҵ죬ײˣ
ֻһͷ
Ҫֻ֪Ҫвϣλʦܹ׵ʥôһϵʱԼȱʥ
뵽⣬ҲЩȣæǸȥ
㲻ܽʶҲð
ŮޱԺŷơ
ԼķĶܹ޷漣
һ̣ǵвǲжڴ֮Ĺڵıˡ
֨¡
ڷٽСéݵʱžͱˣһ˰Ӱڻ߳
촩żΪأһ¼¶ֻ첲׳Ǿɵļ϶ѻ棬̲ܹصǼ򵥵վ͸һѹϢУһͣԭأͷ϶˺ˮ
ԭǶΪʦҲƾһ֮ģǣôһǷ֣ǰλʦɢѹȴ˿ѷԼƶˣ
һλӵ˿ʵʦһ̣ǵĶ
ʦ
קŮС֣ǰһĺҽ˵Եɽһ顣
ٴǸ֣Ҳ΢΢˳飬˽ѡʦڲɵһĨĿɨֻ΢л׶磬ͣһĨײľ̾һ
ȻҲǿ˼˵Ĳ֮
߰ɣ
첢ûж˵һĮţ˻ûӦʱ򣬾һƼɫͻ䣬һ̨ϡ
ͻأĽ٣ʱһ˱ڶྪȵĿ⣬󣬱㶼ͣںϣǳ˻羴
ʦ
̨һǺ죬ʱСܹк飬ղŶԴЩѧԱĮˡ
ڤǣ
ֺõкûаȶȣſڣ³
һ⻪һʧڴ̨ϣվԭ˽ڲ²ŷƵ˵ݡ
ʦȥڤǣѵҲҪȥڤ졯֮Ĺ
ֻǵģźʦڼǰȥһˡ
Щһ﾿ʲôˣΪܹʦһ𣿡
һ⣬ûܹشĳ̨ϵǸߣҲһ˼ɫŷ֣ڷƵ˵ļ䣬ӽհס


1201 Ķ
ڤǣΪڤ졯һУ˿̣ˣ⣬ռ䲻ϵıһӰڵռ䵱Уʧ١
ʣģȻǿߣǵĿģҲһ£
֮Ĺ
һںĴ£Ӵ͹˳Ȼûаͣͣ߳˷ֵĳ˳⡣

һֻ׳ĸ첲һռֽһı¶һ޼ʵռ䡣
ৣ
ӳһڣ˲ռڣһǣֱԶ
ÿٶȡ
ľֻзһ˻ƽ
ҲֻǱѣʵ˾캧ˡ
˵ĿĲͬ׼ȷ˵һ֮У˵Ŀ෴ҪֹЩƻ֮Ĺ٣Ҫȳϣ
ҲʹţҲҪΪУ
Ϊǵĵط
Ȼȥͬ׵ǿߣǣⲢܹסһȺǰĸ徫Ӣţ
ˣ֪ʲôĽȴûа֮⣬һƬᶨ
ڸƤ֮£һĻĻȴǳǰ
̻Լϰ䣬̻ԼػԼϣıԼ֮ˣ
ǷϣҲϴ֮Ĺˣɣ
ţƵ΢΢Щʪ
СһĹڵһҪ
һϤֱڷԺ쳹һ۾һԵĺ죬ȴǷֶԷ治ɫȫ·
ǶдãһҪᵽ
ٴԺ𣬳֮⣬Ҳ΢΢ͷһۣ⾡С
ˣ
΢±۾
ԡ顯˽⣬պ֮ǰ˵ģ⡮顯ȻǣѰ˵ȴǸԣ壬ûΪ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
Ͼ޾µУ½ϣĴ壬йõ顯ļأڶͨ쳹صͶûож;˭ܹ̽鵽ڡ顯ڵأ
ȴɻΪκ˵⡮顯Լ˵дأ
ѵΪ֮Եʣ
΢˼һбһȻ
֮塯ϵ壬֮ƾһΪ֮һͿɼһ㡣
⡮顯Ȼ˵һ˺ôǣ֮壬ԾͲѰһࡣ
飬ʲô
Ȼ˺ѣ֪⡮顯ܶԼ˵Ǿǣȴɻ⡮顯;
Ϊ½ڶ׷ɼССġ顯棬Դй£ֻԼ֪ѡ
ʦȻռˡ顯Ǿĵ
ĺ˿¼С

ڤ졯ڰ½Ķϲ̣ǰ½׵أ
ռһƬɫǰ
ӡڵģƵɽ壬ƺͨ⣬ɽ
ɽ֮䣬ȴǱһһһҵѷ죬ɫĹâǴѷ˳һɭȻֹϢڣʱĴһЩ˻õ˲ɵһëȻֱҪԶԶ
ȴð뵽ڣǴһЩĲҽźħϮһӰأ͸¶ɭȻֲֿϢƬ̣ЩʧֻһЩǿɹõ˻ҪˣҲͣ˽Ų˻
Ҫ֪ղŽģûһʥףм˵ϢΪ£Ҳ½ϵһǣ⡮ڤ졯ڣȴûУ
ǡڤ졯
ɫռڴܶĹӰ飬Ƶ˶ɵ˿
ɫһɫĺˮɫޣ磬һͨһһ
˿̣ΧѾפֻ̾ȴĹҲܼһ档
¡¡¡
콫Լ򿪣γһԲΣķڣԲεռ䷢Ħ˺ѿһɲѷ졣
ৣ
ɭȻĹӰúֹһˣǽ뵽ˡڤ졯ڣЩɫǱ뿪޷ʴ
һλǿˡ
Ļ˶Ǿһ
ܹڤ졯룬ǾʹѾ˷ʥ磡


1202 ڤ
뵽ڤڣڵľɫǲһĵ̹⣬Ϊɭ£һһ
ȻкӻΪŮӵЩɷףק˷Ƶơ
ˣΪδ֪ǻһЩ־˿̣˵ǣл׶жЩëкţǿҲš
ΪɫĿռڣĴһЩӰĴڣЩӰ翴ԵЩŤǣ˿ȴǿЩӰĿ
ǡڤ졯⻵һ־֣༫ΪŤɲһֱܹĳ࣬ңˮͰ׳ǿɲͷ­ϣֻһֻۣһƬɭɭ˲ֱӣ֮£ָ׳ıǿף£һѪڣɭɭϻմѪ֮ȥǵеħһ¡
󡭡
˴˽ЩֶڵͫеĸǷڿɵĹƵз̶ĺӰһĳ
ߣ
ĻһĨâһǣһɰ絽ܹѹĴƴھϯ˳һĵ˳ȥۿɼɨ˷
꣡
ء
һУЩֱӱֱ̺շīɫѪ䣬ֻһѶĵҺ
һգۼʱ䣬ʮͷֱǱɱƺ֮ûС
˻
л׶˲ɵĵһһƬ
˵Ƿʥ۷徳˽ҲЩֵĶ֡
Ϊʱ򣬷Ҳɵ˿
λʦѵѾͻ˷ʥĴ𣿣
ЩʥҲ΢Щ˽ˡ
ڴͨˡܹ֮Ӧؼڵġ
ֻҪǸӦˡĴڣѾʥ˵ľ磬ɹǿߵ֮С
磬Ǳ֮Ϊʥ
磬ҪǶԡȹ̣Ǵﵽ˷ʥ۷徳磬ҪٽһĻǾͱҪΪµ飬췣
Ҳ׳Ƶģɽ٣
ֻҪ˼ά˵Ϊη飬췣ǻԵĴܹɹɹ췣飬˵ٲһ
һٸʥ۷壬츳߾ˣֻ࣬һܹɹɹҲɣ˶ͣڷʥ۷ľϣǽӽ𣬲Ȼû˸Ҵ췣֮
ԣ½ϣȻ˵ʥ׵˲٣ǣɹ췣ģȴǼΪϡ٣˵ÿһˣ½϶һĴڣ䣬Ҳźպ
ˣӵһƣʥ
⡮ڤ졯ûдʥΪûʸģ㴳룬Щɲľ֣Ҳֻ·һ
ԣںԣ죬Ǵﵽ˴ʥ̶ȵǿߣ
лȣ
Ϊֻн˴ʥ磬ؼ۷ǿߣ˿ѹ˳羴
ɽ磬ִʥˣҲֻгڲŴڣʮ۹ҲǷʥ۷ѣܹʥ磬ôҲʮ֮ϵĴ˸ѹ
ȴûȥעǵɫһƽĳ沽оǰǱշɱ
һܵһ̧㣬һУضܻ𣬴˿̣⡮ڤ졯ڣںͥһһԵĺΪд⣬ƺӻŷһˣͦ
ûмЩǿ߲ڣƵҲΪ˽⡮ڤ졯֮оȣڣλʦ¶羴֮ɫ
һλܹɹ췣ϴǿߣֵģ
Լһʱҵߣڣһ˵ͷ
һվ֮أһ£Ǳиһ룬ûʲô壬ڣ⴦µмλãһӴĹȴ˳
ͨתɣһɼƴϢμ˳ѹһУһϢĳ˲ַΧЩɫǱ뿪ԲһﷶΧڣһĿռ䣬һɸһĴڡ
ⷽ뿪Ŀռڣʱվǰ׷ԲԣƤⶼƤһֲڣڻİ룬ȥҡҡ׹ڣǴһӴ˲С
УЩҲϡ棬ȻҲв壬ǣƫ࣬վһγԼķΧûַ


1203 Ĺ
Ƭϣ֪˶ٴɱжپǿڴˣڣֻңڰǰȻͣƺһʱĺƽЭ飬ȴûʲô򶷵ķУһҪ֣Ҳ⴦򣬾ʱԶȴǲϵĴһЩը֮ҡضȻڽоսǣȴҲûв
ʵģЩǿҲʶˣңǵòôһֱôȥܾǧ꣬Ҳ޷̽Ѱ֮ĹԣЭңǸƻЭˣܵ˵Ĵԣƽľ档
ȻƽЭ飬ʱģʱܻᱻ˺ѣԣʱЩǿǱ˴˶Ǹ˺ܳһξ룬ҶǱž衣
ʦ
ŷһ߽ⷽĿռڣǱǿ߷֣ʱǿ߶Χ˹Ĵкֺ֮¶ڱ
ɲһʦҲΪӵоǿԲʥԣǲΪʦҪĻηʵ
֣Щǿ߶ƵƵĿ죬ǴһĨ졣
ȻҲ˵֣ңҲֺʲôȻ壬ǴʱҲû¶
ãã½֮ϣҲǾ߱պ֮Ѿ۷弫£ΪΪĶʦ֮һ
ʦǲǵģʦĺ˵һʥԿԻһλǿߣʦĺжˣǵûùӳԡ
š
ǵ飬ֻɫƽĵ˵ͷû̸ЩǿҲʶȤк֮վһԣҲĿȴǷ˸ߵķһϣ˾벻˼顣
𿴺ԴƺģʵƢҲǳĻʥѧڵԺҲӡ
ЩΪܹ롮ڤ졯ľǿǣţʱдһ˽ȻޱȵľȣжǷ׷ײ²˵ͷ
һǷʥףõЩǿиǲˡ
Ȼһʱ޷²һ˵ܹλʦϹϵǼ֮
ԣ⼸λǿߣǽһ˵òȻļС
ǿѹƣ
߽ⷽĿռ֮󣬺ɢȥԼʱƵ˱Ǹܵһɾ޴ѹԼϣʱǵʵɵĴƺܵĪҲЩѣʱܹӷܣҲңʱһڶ¶𺳵ɫ
Ҫ֪ﻹֻĹ֮ѣѹ˵ǿˣǽĹѹֻӵǿҡ
ǴʥҲᱻѹ۷塭
г鴤ţпϵǿ
ЩӦöӵдʥƵǿ߰ɣ
ɨһ۳ϵЩӰвЩ𺳡
ҲվʮˣҲǴʮλʥĳ棬νʢ
л׶Ҳˣǲɵ˿
Щˣɨƽɽ磬Ҳʲô˰ɣ
ȥɣţ
һ۷ƣгĺ˿Щǣȴû¶˵һ䣬վԭأĿ
лʦͣ
ƳһûΧЩ죬߲Ŀ⣬һͬĹſȥ
һĲĹᣬҪĻ棬һǿߣҲռٱˣ෴ģǱһȺСΧҲĻͷӣԣһǿǲǾᡣ
ȻǱȥĳСг˴ǽŴ޴档
ԣԻһЩСǲᣬ󣬳棬ʵҪǵԣ˴ʱĹء

ԽǽӽĹѹǸΪŨһߵҲ࣬ͷмɽѹһǷƣҲǺɡ
Ѿˣϰ߲ĺۼ֪Ǳ俪ģķüͷ壬Ĺڴŵ޺ɱ֮˸һĮƽˮһ߽ĹУ磬л׶ϡ
ȻĹ֮ڣƱǸоһǿᵽѹԼϣܾǷ֣ԼܹӳܣѾھ磬Ǳ˽һϢҲΪѹ֡
Ĺλģ
ƵһУСðͷʯɨһȦ֮Сצǰһָ˻ȥ


1204 ǿĶ
Ĺ֮ڣԵüΪտ棬һȳζŻУЩǳ޺ֳ֮ϵĴֱӾõķһ˾
λӳԵɣ
Сָ·֮󣬷Ʋԥһ𣬱ǽӲӣȻûʾôŨǣȥҲľƣһϡ
ٺ٣Ҫʼɻˣ겻ɵʦ񣬿Ҫùģ
¹غٺһЦҲǶһڹ⣬ɵ˳
֪ΪΣǾãԼĹУ̿϶а취֪һ
ָо֣Դϴ֮Ŀ̾ͳܵˡ
л׶磬һӳѵ״̬һˡ
ɽ
ҲûԥֱӼͷϣһɫˮ䣬˶ڣļӳ֣϶һĻףӨӨȥ᲻ɴݡ

ŹϵģɬѶ䣬һɿϱǴӶʱһλŮһĳʳ˼̻ѩ׵ֻ䣬˶ǾһƱǡ
ȻԪ֮˼ӳ֣˿̣ܹӳϵܣ¹أǸĺţƺЩ˷ܹȡ
֣ҾãǻǴƹȥȽϺá
ڷ׼ǰʼʱѩĮȴǳѵָģȴߣõķüͷһ
С򲻻ӦСһĸӦˣ
ǺǣǿԴƹȥֱĻǻܴܵ谭ܻߡ
ѩĮһĨĪЦݽ͵ǳתĹ켣
ӵƣԿʱ֣ճ̶ȡ
ߣ
ƿһۣҲûԥл׶磬¹˱Ǹ˷߳ȥ
ţѩĮҰģʱҲǵԣѡѩĮ
ܿģǱĹڵޣһǶʮͷ֮Ⱥ
ĿĴޣȫǺ֣ԶԶıһҪǿĶ࣬ɷϢǲ͵ˣֻǻҪԴЩޣ޷ӳȫûоֳĸţǱЩȺӿϣ˺鵱
Щģͬ඼ǼΪɲӴɢƸ߷Ƶˣǵľ綼ϣĴڡ
ɱ
һƬ䣬һ죬һڵľ޽УǺԥģ޽ǳһͷʨնȥ

߽һһֻһǲѵͷ׳˶ʨޱǱնأѪһأû£Ѿ
ƵĽŲû˶ͣ˱Ϣʱһһгźɫ޽޵Уոǵ
ʱվں󷽵ɢűϢһ˫ͨһƬһλ˪Ů˪һͷͷ޶ʱٶȼ࣬һԵҲûţԪ֮ʩѹõ޶ܷӳȫһʱڣɷϢȻͱ˼ࡣ
ڴͬʱ磬л׶¹ص˵ĶҲûͣ£ɱķûбϢ䣬һ˾ͷŵ˼ͷޡ
ԭǼΪѲĺޣ˵£ȴǱ˵ɱ
飡
¹໵Ĵһͷֱͽ˺֮⼸ʮͷޱǱȫնɱ
ٺ٣ûأѾûˣ
¹صĴЦԼؿڣһͷҰһźһģ
ʱеɱģ
һԵĻųл׶һۣǸڷϣٵĳ
ȻǵһȫϣԸԵȻҲģģţεĥ֮ǻ֮ĬȾԻһ¥
һ·ϣÿʮҾͻһȺޣѩĮԤΣգ鸺˼ӳַĸѹƵĸǿԸ磬һ·ޱķʹͳ壬ɱһѪ·
Ȼ·ǳ࣬ȴǽΣոͣҲǺΧЩԸһϹײĹѾһʱˣ߾ҲһͷľĶѣһ½֮֮󣬱Ǳһն룬ɱ˼ʮȺûܵˡ
⹦ĲǷƣ෴ģѩĮ


1205 
ʦӹɣʱѩĮȻܿĹľλãǣҲܹһЩţңҪǣܹ׻ʱƵȻ˺ܶ·ǣȴܿЩΪյĵطƽһҵľ룬˶ûܵ˿Ĵˣң⼸ʱ֮˵ĬǢ࣬ɱҲӵˡ
ڼ䣬Ҳ飬еߵģҲгȺģЩһʼ󣬲ҲǺڹȥĿĵĳɱҲ˸Ѱ

ŶӵȻǸܱȵģ
Ƿƴʱĸп
һԲ˵ɣңֱֻӳĹڳ棬ʲô⻹˵
ȵȣ
Űɱһ֮ѩĮأõķƵ˶ͣɻĿ
ֻ˿ѩĮһ˫ڱɼΪԶǿգĿڻƶüͷȴ΢΢
򡭡λҪСģ
ɨһȦ֮ѩĮָһλĽ
壡
ĸ룬¹ȴûзϣʰ˼ʮȺޣıǣ˿̣гһڹ˸˸ľ޸һɱһɷ죬޸ǳǸλ˹ȥ
ߣ
ǼΪƽֻǣȴǰ
𡭡
ңڵĴУǴһƵĵͺһȺϰͷ޾ۼһ׹¶ĿˣȺһԣһЩҵѪƬ
ȻѾв˱Ⱥ˺ˡ
𡭡
һͷͷ޼˲Լĵ̣ʱ˹˸źķצӣ
үүһ
¹ǷǳĿܣںڹâ˸˸ѪζȾ޵Ѫһɷ֮һһ޸𣬱ǳһͷ޿ȥ
͡
޸Ѫֱ֣ӿͷ޵ͷ­ϣ޴Ȼ޵ͷ­ֱըĲˡ
˷ֹҲȷǱһȺϰͷ޲סҲûаңѩĮǿڸߣСɽ֣ƣ磬л׶¹أǴɱķһͷͷնɱϣѪ֫ϱۣ೦Ӵǡ
飡
ȭͷϴųâ˸˸ȭףʮػȻһͷҵͷ­֮ϣʱ޵ͷ­һı֮ƵĶȴûͣλһӰȭͷٴһͷޣһոһʥȭ׼ӳ֣ľ׵ޣҲһȭ֮
ȻЩ޲ûиɶѹйǣƵĿһֱûзɣǷȺ֮󡭡
һͷкɫۼ׸ǵޣͷȻ󣬵ǣȥȴʮֵĽýң˫֮ڣƸܵһѹ
һͷҲѾ𾳽ޣ
ʱһһվȺ֮ĮĿһеķЩ޵ҲѡӶ
ǣõķзһҲҷɣȻڶԸΧޣ󲿷˼Ƿͷۼ׵ϡ
ҲΪܵѹԵʣͷ޵Ŀ⣬һֻɨš
ΪоԼܵƣ
໺𡭡
ŷȺ֮ڣȻ𣬿ٵĳųŴڡɽӻ֮µ˹ȥ
ԪѹоܲԣһĿͷϡ
һ
¹һͷϮһͷ֮󣬱ǿǿʱһ壬ڹ˸˸ĸͷײȥ
Сģ
һͬʱߵһͷޣǿٵƶ˹ȥ
¹Ϯͷ޳һĨ壬ƬצӾͳž޸ȥһɳԽ𾳽Ȼı˳
顭
ײһһըһ¹һ㵵ıķ˳ȥ޸Ȼû֣ǣҲѣѪ
ֻǣΪĹͷ޵Ҳһ͡
ɱ
һ죬ȭ׵϶һɫ绡ľ޽Ծо޽ԥĳͷնȥ
໺𣡡
ٴαסͷԾŭˣһ˫³â֫ҲȼܵĻ棬ƴǣΧ޶Ǳ˿Żצӣ޽

ײһ𣬻ĽȻŷǽײƺһβܿƵĵˣһѪ˳϶ʱɷһƬ


1206 ݺ
¹رķɣܴ죬һ˲䣬ŷɷ׵ɫ˲ǷӦ˹ر磬һʱͽתƵͷ׵ϣֹǰеĽŲ
˷ף
Χ޾ĵ绡˸űϢĻΧеĵ绡Ǽٵγ˰˵˸˸ףϢӣΧ޶ǲ˿ࡣ
䡭
˵ףһһûаͣͣǳͷۼ׵ȥҵѣΪԵԣڵʱһһױǺȻϣը˼ƬѪҽвѣֱӾǱĳźȥһ˫۾Ķ磬Թޡ
ϣﰡǼһôôأ
¹Ҳӵž޸ƣѾѿڴһĨ£ţҲǾ
Сģһͷ׵ޣ
ûĵһۣͬʱһҩԸǿѵѸΧޣҪģ֣עĶȷ
ţ
˵ͷȫ߶ɽʱâǣ˿˿䣬һ
Χ޵ļ٣ͷޣЩסˣϵķ͵Ϯǣƣڷƣ磬¹أл׶ͬʱ£û̵ʲôô෴ģÿζġ˷סըļΪǱһβͱն޽֮¡
໺𣡡
ڰͷֻʣ˶ʮͷ֮зͳĺʱԭڵ棬һâ𽥵ȼܴ𣬽Χĺڰɢۼ׵ʱԵø񿥣ͬʱһɰҲ˳
ৣ
Ŀ磬ֱӾͳȥҪԿ˺顣
ָ
粢δңŹϵָâƣһָһǴָڳֱӳĲϮȥסٶȡ
ͬʱҲǳ߿£˹
𡭡
Զеͺ˹һЩҽƺƶţң߸
֣ǶԸģл֣֣ȫȽ
һĨâʱɫһ䣬˺һԵһͷ֮һӰӰһƶڵľ޽𣬱ǳŻâڵնȥ
𣡡
ͷ޴ʱŭһģһ͵һϵ֮ŷѹ

ΡȻ壬Ҳû룬еľ޽ն˳ȥĦ̶죬ײ֮ϣʱһɾ޴ͽ˳ȥʮ󲽲ŶΣǣҲһĨѪ
л׶¹Ѿֹͷ޵ĽŲΪôϢĻᣬҩתɫһ࣬ʱ˾޽ӡ
ˣ
һ쳹ӡͣһĵѹϯȻû۷ǰˣǣɴڣƺܹѹضܵ߸õΧ޶ɵһǷoưľ֣¶ηɫ
ʱԶɧȴѸٵĴ˹޵ĺڶߡ
ٺ٣ǶԸˡ
һɭɭЦ쳹Ƶ˾ͼӰӹʱжڰвá
ˣ
Ʒһۣʱбӿŭ
𡭡
ǼϢ䣬һͷͷϿ̻һ·Ļޣʮͷ̬Ѹٵĳ˹ңֱӾͳŴڡɽ֮±ӻɱȥ
ӡ
ת˹Ŀ꣬۳ӡֱӾͳͷȥ
̣
һը쳹ӡֱը㵴䣬ͬʱͷҲƷ˳ȥըѪ죬ǣȥȴǺأֻǣŴԵͷޣȴǱըʬ޴棬һѪƵѪڵ档
һͷޣ
ͷ޾Ȼ˷ӡܣɫһ䡣
ͻȻϮֻҪٸӣֻӡͿͷޣǴʱȴǹһˣ
壡
һĨâֻǴʱҲ룬һˣ
ͬʱϵһӡѹͷޣȻܸɶĴˣǣΪӡЯǹѹ˵ĹȴסǵĽŲ
ͷ磬ʮͷľ̶ȵޣǴʱܹԸģԣ߲ȷѡһǽ뵽ˡɽıӻ£ѩĮָķٵȥ


1207 
Ĺ֮ڣȻԸľӢǿֹͣ˻๥ǣݺȴһֱڷ˶ֲ׵ݺУ޷ʬ
ʱǷƵ˷Ӧ٣ʱߣðȻĶͷޣֻҪԴ
ɽķȻǣڸʵȴ۷徳磬ֵܹס۷޵ĹѾǷǳ˲ˣޣֻֻʮΣܴƷϣʱ򣬲ԹֻҪꡣ
ǷƲԸģʲôʱԸ⽫ԼΣѵУԣʱаնԸͷޣҲȻѡߣ
ģղʲôˣȻݺүү´μһͷǣ
¹һܼţоǱŭ
αˣѾһĬһ飬ֻǲҴˡ
ˡ
ѩĮһ˵
ɲرǲô˲׵
⻰вɵĶһߡ
ݺ飬ǲˬġ
зƸ֣ԭԴ£ͶûʲôøУڸղȻֻһȴҲŵĽǼסֻҪܹϳ
һƬܹ˵ꡣ
ڵûǸʵУԻ帶ۣ
Ϊۣ
Ҳ֪ǲη뷭ӡѹڱʮͷ֮ͷ޾ȻҲû⵹˿Ȼһֱ׷ţһȺޣڽˡ
壬үүţҶҪǲú
¹ҧгݵţɷߺƽ
ٺ٣
һԵл׶Ȼû˵ǣɭȻЦȴҲ͸¶ʱҲĲƽ˵Ժʱ䣬Ҫȥĵ̺úõߡ
ˣȱôˣȽĹ˵
˿֮ɨһˣָҩԣ˻ָ۷״̬ǿѩĮ
ȻǺϲһǣһȷãûҪĽĹУҲǲܵ顣
ɡҲҲޣλҪСˣ
ѩĮɨܣҡҡͷ̾ϢһҸ
ڽ뵽ҪȫıܿޣǲˣԣֻܾѡһЩٵȺͻˡ
ȻҲ֪һ뵽ƽһ룬ͷ׵ޣǵ
ֻ£۷Ҳڰɣ
뵽㣬жһ
׵ΪķƶѾסˣ۷ޣֻǸ޷Ըˡ
λ᲻çײˣȿ˵ޡ
ƺݺݵĵ¹һۣתһԵ磬ʵл֣ס𣿡
ҵܹסһͷ
Ĭ˵ʱ˲Ŀ⡣
һֱûôɽ¶ˮʱȻ˵ƾһܹ֮סһͷޣɼʵ֮ǿֻеһƴˣ
һʱ
˿ţɫҲЩּһ䡣
ӵԵƣܹסҲûʲô⣬˺ܿͽˡ
ܺã
ĿһۣתһԵл׶л֣أ

л׶΢΢˳飬Ҳ֪ڲǿЦƺĬ֮˵ʱʱ
㹻ˣֻҪסʮңҾаշɱһͷ
Ƶ˵ͷ𺳵Ŀ£ص˵뵽ǺпܻͷͷޣʱͿлֵˣͷô֣ѩ֣֣סû⣿
ţ
¹˼ǵ˵ͷ
֮סһͷӦûûģңֻҪʮӶѡ
ܺãȻǾôֹǸͷϵޡôֻӣҶϺ󣡡
Ƴ˿֮ķֹȷ
ã
˽ǵ˵ͷûбʾʲôףֻǣԷ˵ģܹʮʱշɱһͷ޴һЩɻ
ȴҲçײˣţƼȻ˵ˣȻԼİգԣǶѡŷƣ
ৡ
ڷƵ뿪ãӰڰС
Щˣһ㰡ܻ
ɭдŲɫߣˣܴѾϢ˵ѾҵĹλڣȥϡ


1208 Ψһʯ
һ·ϣоգΪѩĮָһΣҲܹͷȺл׶סǱ۳ķӡշɱˡ
õ˲òعƵʵؼе档
ԷڵʣԹһʱ£Խӡʳ׵ľ磡
һУģ˵
˼Էӡһͷշɱ֮󣬶ɵ뵽֮ǰ˵һ仰
ܹʱ䣬̣Ҳмʴܣ
ĲһտƾĴ󻰣ƾģӦþһؼ
ܹ޵Ľȥ
ֻôһ룬жɵ˿
̫ˣ
Ƶ֮ǿǿˣԣһؼУֻ·ӳܻἫΪˣ
Ȼؼһȱ㣬ǾҪʱ䣬ڶսУǾԲ㹻ʱȥܵģȻǾ̫ˣ
ڣǶϲѣܹ׵ĽЩˣ
Сָ·£Ȼ˺ܶ·ڵڶʱ򣬾ѾӽĹĽλˡ
ԶԶģ˱ͣ˽ŲһĿɿڴ˵
˻
ͫ𣬷ҲɵһһƬ֮ɫ
ڵУһ˫˫ĵ۾˳ƵɨӱǷ֣ǰһƬϣޣһ㣬ǧͷ֮࣡
ңл޴ڣǴԵɨһۣƱǿмʮͷ֮࣬ðȻĳȥֻ·һ
ԣΧУв˵ĴڣǶסϢȻǱš
ĹΧȻܴ󣬲ЩĹѾѰʱ˵ҲѾΪ·ˣڣҲʣһûѰˡ
ǰһƬ޺ЩԸǣֹס˽Ųĸб࣬ڣͣҲһˡ
һ
ʮͷڣѰǧͷ
ѩĮһѿıһõһֱӳ˺ף󣬽ĿⶼǷ˷ϡ
˵ʵȻңĬҲܸߣǣҪͨãã޺ǲܵ飡
ĵطܹͨĹ𣿡
üͷˡ֣ɨãûнֽڻеСק˳ʵ
ѽ
Сɨһۣͷ壬ҡҡͷǰצָָȺ֮ʯš
ΨһһͨĹĴţҪȥĹôͱͨ⴦޺
˵Ҳ֣Щ˲ûгԹҪȺǣǣ𲽵ɱתۼ䣬ͻᱻٴβϣƺĹеޣ޾һԣĿǰΪֹȻҲͷļͻ޺뵽ĹС
ô죿ȥ
¹ضŷʵڣҲû֮⣬෴ģЩȣԾԡ
Ȼᣡ
̾һŽĿһԵѩĮϣԥʵѩ֣ܿһͻƵ·
⡭
ѩĮҡҡͷһĨЦһҪͻƣôǽߣһΣԡҪɹͻƬ޺ɹļʲ󡣡
һ˵õһƵɫҲǳĲÿ
ЩĹ챦ĿĲһѾз˽뵽Ĺڣȥȥֹ
˵ʵڵģڲ˵л׶ǣǷԼһƬ޺жǾҲףҪͻƣǼѣ
λ
֣ҪƲǣǾͲҪ˵ˣ
Ʋǿڣл׶Ǵ˵ŮȻû˵ǣڵļ֮ȴڸ߷ƣ޺Ҳԥĸȥ
ǼȻѡƹѾдˣԲܰ;ϣ

ˣƲ̾ϢһΪѣͬʱЩж
ǾͶһѰɣ
ҲӲưһᣬǼᶨߣǽ취
˵ţԶԶĴ˳ǽڷ򿿽
ڿǽڵλãͣ˽ŲڣȻһĨâ
ģˣ
¹ֻһ죬ںڵľ޸УǷסֻ¾Ѿȥˡ
ǸֱӵˣгرԸҲʲô̡
ǰڿǽڵλãۼʮˣһ⣬ˣõķƵ˶ǾԻơ


1209 ս
İĹ֮ڣңңɱϢӿŨ
ǣ
Щݺһ˵ˣʱһ۾ϳ
Ͼġɽʵ̫ˣĹڣҲǶһ޶ģ
ңҪǣ壡
ݺ壬ܴ˽ģȻʲôʱλˣǣҲΨִУֱҵĹλڣǲȫһ
ӣүү벻ɣүүţ
¹۾Բо޸ϣǾƿڴ
Щ̫ˣҲ̫СˣΪ˲ݣ
˴õһ˶ǿ˹ʱɵĶ¶ζɫҽĿ⣬һ˵ϡ
㣡
˳һɨۣĿͣ˷ϣҲһɱɱ˳
ԶҲ޷һεĳ裬ԼȻЩĵĶŪ޲ߣһΣŴǿѹѾڳΪЦ
ԣǴԺǽˣ뵽Ĺ֮ں´
ݺˣ
ԣҲ֮ǰһĻУҲв屻ݺҲᱻȻڡ
˿̼˷ףˡ
ǣ
΢΢һƣһĨĻȣڸǱȥȭͷϣһȭҲȻǣѵԴʯˣ
ȥɣ
ʱƽЭ飬仰֮ҲܲסзڵŭǰһĲ㸲ǣ˸Ž⣬ֱ֣Ӿͳŷƺһȭһ۶ɵĴȭ𣬴Ź˵ƣŷؿײȥ
ɱ
һƽԴһǿҲ˿⣬֣ɫ޽˸˸ĵâ󲽿ֱӾͳȫնȥ

ɫ޽ײһ𣬷߽ûбɵıײǵſһйϯ˳쭷һܡ
ŵš
ײ޴ķƿ󲽣Ҳ˻ȥҲһģ˰벽ʱһɫŵЩϣЩ㵵ĿŷƣƺЩš
ߵͻȻսҲవ˵ע⡣
ףǲ𣿡
ϳʱǾ˫Ŀϡ
ܣһһ֮Ƶǿߣӵ壬䣬пܣʸպ֮λ
ԣЩ˶ǷǳĳԾл׶ɫǼΪء
ʱԣ֮ƺоɳ
ǲ֪Դ£ԣҲ֪֮ĶԹ
ǼһȻЭ飡
˲ޣڰȴҲûվ
ʱʮվһǿҲûҪΪһЩʶ˳֡
ڣǱʵĹؼʱ̣Ѿ㱨˻ȥţܿͻ֧Ԯʱ򣬾ܹĹȥ

Դʱƾĸ棬ƿɾԲǿΪС

ȻǺǿ
һǶײõķƲҷɣתսڣ֮췣ӿǹеľ޽Уʱƴǣķһ˿˿ɫĵ绡
䣡
ƺܵΧһ˫˫Ŀ⣬ܴŭŭģŷѶʱµĶǷ⣬һɼǿ߲ĸԣǺھɣеâʢһģۼһĸھϣһּ᲻ɴݵӾ
˻
ţһֱһ˫ǺھŷƣܵǴ˵ƣŷ˹
Сķ
ƵͺһӲӣֳֺɫ޽ſԵս⣬žնȥ
ɡ
޽ϵײͬһϣӵԪ֮ӳ֮£ƾȻӲ£
˭ʱһܹԿܵǿߣ
˽Ǿһ˫˫㵵ĿⶼǷ˷ϡ
ˣ̫İˣ
˴֮ţܿͻᱻһܹԿܵţ
ৡ
໣𣡡
ͻأģżƿ쳹Ǵһ޺
Ȼ˴޺У


1210 
ͻĻңĹʱƽͣҲڶĿֱ˹ȥ
һεˣһŮϵķƳɣӨӨ֣֮һĪ·ģЩӨӨ·ƺһµĴģתһص̣ΧһЩ޵ĹȻͱϵӨӨ֮£ƺûиκεĴ벻㡣
˷εı󣬽ӡһ֣ɣ
ֹӴҲ֪ǳ˭֣ģȻ͸¶һĪѹһ˴һϢıȣǿˣȻͻһҪʮֵĿ¡
ɣ
ӵĴ֮ΧһЩڰ˶ɵס˺֮ڣȻ͸¶ֵɫƺǼʲôΪµһ
ѵȻǡǾȻҲˡ齫𡭡
ɡǾȻĴ𣿡
Ѿ伣˼ʮꡭȻֳˡ
ΧһЩƵƵ͸¶˵˻̻̲
ʱл׶Ҳע⵽ˣӡŵǸɡ֣ͫɵ͸¶Īɫһʱ䣬С

޽ٴγڽɵľȥһϫϯ˳˵ɣҲʮ󲽲ŶΡ
ܴˡ
뷢ȫɱƣǣһԵһȴǳסĶʢŭĿ£޺һָ
һۣͫ΢΢һȻͲ˿Ҳͣ
˿̣Ϣʱ䣬˾ȻѾ޺֮һ룬һ·ϣɱһѪ·޶ǵ¡
һĻӶ䣬һͷͷڳ޶ǱѪ鿪ҵĽǣɴݣ棬մΧĽѪǱһӨӨ֮⵲סУЩ޴ľҲǣԣǴ޺УɴݲȣӦ磬ֻڶԸһһ
֡
ܵҲ΢΢һߣͬʱʹл׶ĺ˳ָͷָ֮ҲǿĵһĻʱҲɵһҲ΢ЩزͬʱҲ˸ղΪλɱʧ̬ˡ
ǵӦһͷʮͷޣҲܹӦԣնɱöѾǣǵãã޺УǾӵҲԻᱻ˺Ƭ
Ҫ֪޺֮ڣɲޣ
ǴʱһŮ̫ΪǿһЩˣǼֱйһãã޺УǾͥû˿ѹ
˻
Ůֽһͷ޸ñͷ­֮󣬷Ʋɵ˿
ڣ˸˸һ˫ħͫһĿɨţҪһЩߣȴ֣˾Ҳѹ۷ľ磬ֻǣǳ֮䣬һĵӿƾǼǿޣҲܹ׵Ľ

ܿģƵĿ˵ķ֮ϣ΢΢
ķϣܵһĲֲĴڣõܹ׵жȥڶ޵Ĺ
ͼ
ڶȻһĨ⣬Ҳһ
ʲôͼֽ񣬶Ѿʧˣܹøֹõģ΢΢˵ͼ̻һ֮ˡ
ɣ
ܿģĿǷϣƬ̣ͫ׾ȻʧļƺǸָһ
ˡ
Ժ֮ڣӡˡѾͨϿ֮ڵһǷһһ𣬶ʱ˾˹
ôܣ⾿ǳԺ֣֮
ƴ죬ջĿ⣬һƬɫ
ϵ棬ֹܹ޵ĹǸɡ֣˵ǣһħݰһ
ɨܣǷ֣Χ˽һ𺳣Щ˵ͫƻһݿ־Ĵڣ
ܹ뵽ģʣԸľӢţžǿıǣʱȴǱһһ֣͸嵱ηɫɼεı󣬿϶Ϊ˲֪ܣ
ͬʱҲΪ˵ĳ֣ܾȻʱͣ˻˸ԵӪУڹעĵһĻ


1211 صġɡ
Ψ㣡
ǰ½ģĸ֣˰½ϵһ׷Ŀꡣ
ˣoʧˣΨɣĴڣ
ǣɣ翣ڴ˵УûһȷеĶۣܵ˵˵֪ڣɣܣĴڣ
ʱͻȻֵһŮϵķξȻԡɡɼǶôĲͬһ㡣
㲻Ĵڣ٣ǹΪԼܣ
Ǿʲôˣ
ŶһЩϸüͷĸһƬء
ЩϸﵱУŵ˽⵽ǰ½һΪǿֻǾ嶨λȴǲ֪ܵ
벻ǵĴڡ
л׶ҲջĿ⣬صľ̾һһڰڣ֮ɫδȥ
һԣ磬飬¹Ҳһ𺳣ѩĮ͸¶صĻâƺȡ
˭
ƿ˹л׶ʵ
㲻֪
ԣл׶о棬Ŀ뵽˷Ƶ֮󣬲ЩȻɫЩ˻Ƶ˵ǡɣ
ɣ
ͫ͵һ
Ȼ֪֯Ϊǣ½ϵĹżϣȴҲйɡĴ˵ʱɵļ
ܣ
ǰһĻĽӽ
ãã޺ǧͷޣܣǵȥǾֻ·һԻᱻȺ˺顣
ǣ˶Ըȴ磬ɨķƺûаѹѾˣ
ǡ
ڷƷɻʱл׶΢΢ҡҡͷΪ͵ǰ½ϵһ֯־ͽɣ
һ֮󣬷Ʋɣɡ
һɲͬ϶ɵ˭ģȴܹ֪ǣҪڣǱʵǿ֮
ɣּҪܣĴ䣡
ҲڵĴڵˣܴﵽĵزǣÿһӵܵ֯ȴĴڣ
ʱ֯ʱ򣬲֪˶ǿߵƣǣһģҴ֯ǿߣǱնɱ
Уǰһڰ½ܹŽǰʮ䣬Ҳնɱʱڰ½˺ܴĺ䶯Ծ
ɼΪɡ֯ǿĳ̶ˡ
Ǵ¼Ժ˸ơɡ֯Ȩ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ֯伣ûڳǰѾмʮ֮á
ԣڵ˶ڻ֯ǷڵʵȣһΪҲһЩ޵ĴŰˡ
ǣ˭ܹԤϵĵ֮Ĺ֮ڣȻٶȳˡɡӰ
ˣǴŲͬߣգԷ켶۷ͫҲƲűӣֻһƬɡ
ԣû֪ɡ֯ڵĳԱ˭ժߣ·ΣȺ֮УûܹҵĳǸɡһصɴ
ǿ󣬶أ
벻ǾȻٶȳˡΪ𣿡
л׶ĺ˿ڳɫأüͷ
ûԼڶڡɡ֯һЩ
ɣ֯ĿģǾҪһ֮ϣңǵĿҪĴؼ䡣
顯ȴǴܡ
л֣龿ʲô
ٴἰ飬Ʋʵ
˽̫ˣֻ֪ƾӣѰ˵ֻжһЩˣдá
ǣãҲδܸ
顭
л׶˵ͣЩŹֵһ۷ƣС˵Ȼȥٸ͡
š
ȻʣҲ쵽ﲻһ۵ĵطԣҲǽĿ·ѾȺеϡ
飬Ȼܽ棬ʲôܣ
ƵԶ
ʱɡ֯ˣȴѾ޺֮ڣǼ±ӻʱҪҲǻΧ޶ǳӿҪûڣΧÿһٶмʮͷޱѪζڿռӣǵûЩȴ෴ģǼǵԣǰͺ̵ĳȥɷϢϯƵǴ粽ѽ
ʱ
˽Ⱥĳ޸˹ȥƶʱһ
ৡ
ֹΧܶҲõĻᣬʱǴӰӳҴһЩȺϡλͻܿģɱȺУʯŲ


1212 
ɡ֯ˣǿӹɣƾˣȻܹסǧͷ޵ĳͬʱҲ׵Ĵԭֵľ档
ĿɶǴˣû˻Ź˾ѵʱɡĶʣֻǿš顯ѣĶǿҲϡ
Ͼɡ֯ʧ伣Щ½йܶļ¼ǣȴûɡټǣδ֮Ĺ֮ӵС顯ĴڣǱͳ֣Ѿ˵һС
ǲȥǿš顯£ңĹй棬˭֪顯ڣѲɣ⡮ɡ֯˻ҽɱ˲ɣ
ҲΪ̬ԣеˣһӵϣǳЩϡĵطţһʱڣ˸ֻҵУӰӰ裬޵ĺУǿǵŭ𣬲ϵĴڼ䣬ٲѪſĳ棬ޡҲˡ
壡
ĵһ۷ƣǵͺһһǽԳʯųȥһ·ϣȷѪꡣ
ߣǺ棡
ƵҲɫɨһۻҵĳ棬кһǸѸٵĳȺС
ҲΪǰ忪·ǵѹȻҪٺܶ࣬ͬʱҲõܸǺ޵ģΪǡɡ֯˻ʯڣ˷ǧѵõĻᣬ͵ͷɱЩ˵ļһ˵ˡ
ƵҲǱ̬Ŀģѡˡ
ϾЩ˲̫һΪ˫֮䱾ѾƲԹѾ£Ҳںڶôһ硣
Ĺȡǹ
ܵŭϵĴΪһͷŭֹˡ
˰
¹һͷӲһͷ֮ҡͷԵţǰһ࣬ҪѪ
ԡɡ֯ҲӿٶȣѾܽӽʯλˣǲ˷ʱ䣬ֻܱͷͳ壬÷Ǽˡ
ȻۼƵԹҲֻ֪ǽ뵽Ĺоͻǲݵĳ档
Сɡ֯˽󲿷סǣӸ޺ڵǿҲҪϮѾ鸲޺УʬǶڶ޿ɸɾһ̲Ѫԭء
ں󷽷Щ飬ɡ֯˲ûлͷƺûпһ˿ȥƽϣֻǣƽٶȴǿ࣬ú󷽵ǿǶ㾡ȫĳɱһ
˶֪˽뵽ʯڣô޺еǣûлĻᣬҲûлͷ·ߣԣҪ룬лĹС
ʱΪӽ˾ģһˣȻЩ鵱ģʱȴǻ飬ǰͷ
ĸģǲ֪ܵͷˣǼΪǿᣬܣԴʱǿܲ١
Ͼһ˿ǽڲԵѹҪ࣬ȴڵģɼ˳̶ˡ
ԣʱвûаϲ෴ģء
ЩˣҲΪĶ֣
رԡɡ֯ˣ
ǳȥзķ֮⣬˵ʵҲǷƼǿģ΢˼ǾãԼܹƿһϵܣȻǶԿ
ôƿּ֣֮С
ݺ˵Ӧƿּ֮ټԼƿص׼֮ɾƿ֮ļ֮ʱܹӳ߲㵽˲ҵܣ
ʱ򣬷ģܹѹˣ
ԣڵĿģҪҵּ֮ڲУ
ʦ㻹ڣܸңڸôܰﵽ𣿡
˸Ÿӵ
뵽Ĺ֮ںһֱҪϵϷϣȴǷָûаͷеǳΡ
ǷܹڵҪ࣡
ĿǰʵҪЩǿĶۣԻҪֻ࣬µʱ򣬻顣
뵽⣬в̾һ
Ͳµֽ֣û˿⣬ֻǣȴǴŮ˽òҪ˼·Լˡ
ֻǣ˭Ҳûз֣ʱڶ鵱еѩĮȴĿ⣬һֱͣɡ֯ϣƺЩʲô
Ϊ칬ˣȻҲһЩɡ֯˵Ŀģ롮ɡ֯ȴһģ
ԣڣʱȴһĨڡ


1213 Σ
̣
໡𡭡
ը죬Ƶĵͺ޺𣬲ҽһƬХϯȳζӣŻ
ҲΪߵĻҵĶ̬Ҳ˲Ĺںײˣʱǲһеĳ޺У
ʱƵǳΪɵˣΪиġɽڣѰƲϮǱƣ磬л׶¹ֻˣԣʱ޺һľ룬Ҳ
رǰ˵ĸá¹л׶У˻ȥֱҪѪ
һ˱˻ԣʱȷǽеǿԹӷȥˡ
һ֣ˬ
رܣһ뵽ԼΪп·ƲѣζҪͷɱȥһǰ桮ɡ֯Ѿ޵Ľӽʯˣҧһǰ壬еԹʱйΧϣɱķϣѾմѪ˴ʱԵøɲԵħһɷϢõΧҲҿ̫
þڣڷƵʯŻнһʱ򣬡ɡ֯ˣǳɹͻ޺뵽ʯ֮ڣټ
һʧ֮󣬶ʱҾͿʼˣһڣ鱻޺֮ڣڶ˫Ŀ޷ײɢĶ飬ֻҪһСģͻᱻ޷ʬĸʬ޴档
ԣʵ˵ɡ֮֯ԲȥƽǼˣҲΪ˳޺ǵĸҲࡣ
Ȼ£ҪͻƬãã޺Ҳô׵飬Ҫѵʱ䣬ڵ
ȻʱܵѹҲɱȺѹǡɽķ֣ҲıΣǷƲסĵҩ֧Ԯ飬ǳŲסˡ
ʱĳ棬˴ںХһʱڣԣеĶ鶼һǰ棬ѡ˵ģǱû޺С
ʱǰ飬Ⱥ뵽ʯ֮ڡ
飬һǿڴ죬ܾûСɡ֯˽ҳҲʵʯţֻΪ˶ѡ
뵽ʯ֮˵ѹǸ˼أ洦ɼ˱˺飬Ĳҽõĸ̻̣Щƴǰ壬ҲЩˣһʱǻҲ
ȫлֽ֣䱸壡
ܵ޳ϮƵͺһӲӣԵսһذԽʣϢϯ˷ִȭףźɫ޽ɱһѪ·ˣһеĳǰ档
ڣʯųٶ׵ľ룬ܿģ޴ΣٴϮ
ΪһȻ˺ǣȴѾɹĴʯŵУһֱ׷ǵޣǾݵͣͺ󣬱ǽ޸ע˷һϣѹѹǵضǿƣҲµô粽ѽ
ãͷɱˣ
ѩĮͳѵһɫǲÿ
ͷޣܹ׾ٵĽɽķָƳʱ򣬷Ƶ˹ϵӦò󣬵ǣѩĮȴûжԱ
ʦȻضǿϲ⣬ǣ޳ȴû˿İ취
Ϊڹǿ
ܵ˵ԣǣ˳棬޼ƿʩˡ

â˸˸һɨۣҲͷһ״ͷѾ˹צӣҵڵɫˮ˺ץţ¶һۿɼİߣΪˣʱܻᱻץһģɫҲһƬһֱзƵҩԹŲ˼ӡ
޵
һƬɫĵ绡˸ָ䣬һŵ绡۶ɵĴγɣͷްڣǿҵĵ绡ʱͽԣȴûԥֻһ˦ͽͷ׷˳ȥײͷϮޣʱסǽŲ
ܿģͷޱ
Ƹ磬ҵס
ɷףȡ
ԱǣȴסɽĻˣƳ֮֡
˸ǿǣʵޣǶ޷Ӧԣԣ뱣סֲС
޵֮
ɫ䣬ȵ
ꡭ
ûԥǵһĨâûƶͷʱƵڱһ㾪ĵ绡


1214 ׼
Ȼӵ׼ԣǣȴûרƿԵ似ؼԣŻӷԵơ
˿̣Σ֮ʱҲûй˼ֱӾҪռҵľ޵ˡ
Ǳռҵ֪ǾԲģǲ֮أûпǾʹҲ˵ԷƵĸ֮
ڷƤգ䣬һ˫ͫ׾ͱͨһƬ绡˸˸
޵
ֻۣ³Ԫڣ췣ӿ˫֮ƶγһŴͷޡ
Ȼƿ޵壬ǣʩչҲģˡ
ꡭ
Ȼȥʹһĵ̶ܳȻ΢ǣȴ͸¶һɾĻϢʹл׶ˣΧޣɵһͣЩֵĿŵУǵĿͷޱֵΪԣֱɲס˽ŲҲĺˣǶǲӲҪܡ
ô£
ܵеļ£л׶ڶһĨɻ
ڸղţڷŵ֮ʱǾȻɵһǼһҪӱܡ
ָо֣ǲΪղʹ޵Ҳûļĸо
ǲ֪ǡʵղŵһǣ磬ͬһĨ̡̻
ѵ׼
оҵš
֪֮ʲôӵ׼֮ʱģڷʹŵȻδ̶ܳ׼֮࣬ǣ̲صԣȴǿֲĶ࣬Ҳļ²
׼֮ԣ
һож˳ΪʣôܶԲļµ
Ŀ˷һۣûжʣСĵӦΧޡ
飬Ծ췣
ЩҲ⣬ԣƵ޵һʹ벻Чһʱڣѹ
ô£
Χ޾Ȼ˿¹صԲ۾µ
̫ˣ
ʹ޵ûܣӵ׼ܹ֮绹
ֻҪ˶ǿ̺Ķοǻܵǹļµˡ
ô£
ԭһѾˡɡ֯ѩĮΪǰ£ʱ˻ٴδƣֻǣ㣬ȴǿƲ˿
㾿ʲôˣ
ʣԼ츳һЩ֮ˣҲܹһЩߣǣΨƣȴκҲ㲻ˣǴԵ֣
⣬û飡
ţ壡
Ʋȥʲôͺһˡɱ۵ľ޽˫ŵ绡һŵʱһ·ϼɹһͷͷ޾ǼʲôΪµһӲ׷ױã⵹Ƿ˷ͨ
𡭡
ʱ󷽱Ǵŭ֮ԭͷѾӦ˹Ǻ۾˹
ŵĸԭĿǣȴ֣ҲпãǸѣʱǿٵ˹
ֻǣԭƵ˸ʯžͲԶһ·ͨ˳ǷӦһ˱ǶѾûʯ֮ڡ
޵
ڽŲ̤ʯ֮󣬷ƱǺԥĽһŵ˳ȥ
ʲô
ŭ쳹߲Ǻ˰룬ٿʱ򣬱ǿ˿ˣǽһͫڣһĨ̡̻
ȻЩһҪһˣֻû뵽޵ȷȽļµϢõǼԵ˿ȥ
ַӦԣһͨˣͻܣȥҪҲѸٵӿ
췣ǻ鶼ηġ𡯣ΪǴصĻ־
Ȼҷүү
¹ؾ޸һ۾ˣҲһƵĿһˡ
ɱ
˲ڱһĨ׹⣬˫һһͷΣŷɱ˹
λСӦԣסǣ
Ƶͺһ۳һֻֻӡǵأ±һˣסǵĽŲ
ͬʱ磬л׶ǳ֣׹⣬⣬֣˳һ㣬ǹϯ
󣬸ʩӷԪѹΧƮѩõǿ಻ԣһٵ
ǾȻƾֹ֮˶ʮĽŲܣҲڷƵķӡϵĴѹ£粽ѽ


1215 ѩĮʧ
Դ飬ǸղĹ飬õŭգҪʬΣ
ǣȴǷ֣ǰˣеôöԸ
Ƶ˹߷ȻҪ༸Ҳվ޷õܱ

ԭҪٵĽƣȻȥѰĹеĸ˭֪ȴһֱù£ŭ֮࣬Ҳɵļ
ɲܽʱ˷Ȼľʲôûˡ
ļһ
һֻֻµľ޴ӡݶҪҧˣֻǣȴǰһʱҲᱻһõƵҪѪ
ߣ
޺޵֣˿ȥ
⻰ɽ𺣵еһɴ⣬׷׳ȥɫǳ˲Ӭһѿ϶ǼΪǱͷ
л׶Ƕǳ˲ٿҲ͵ʴˡ
ǣɱүү
¹ǸţõԭһɫǳһƬϽɫ
Ĳڴ
˶б
һҲֻŶѣ
ͷڹ꣡
һЩ˲ĵķŭ
ǿǼǵãղԼɽڵʱһûʹУ֮Ǳżһﲻٹ͡
յģбǹ
һ¹Ҳŭ죬о޸һϢϯڹ

ǼһĨâӳһ߲·ϢӣЩģһһ㣬ǵصĳɱ˹
䡭
ӭǵȻɽ𺣣ԹշһУЩС
ˣ
ǻҪȥܵͺһ
ȻŭڣǶܵȴǲҲ㬵˻ȥŭɽҵĵǻڲϽ¹ء
ߣ
ܺݺݵĹ˷һۣתһ˿ٵĴ˲Զһͨڡ
ٺ٣ˬˣ
Ǽβˣ¹زٺһЦ
ӱݺʼоһڼͷжɵĳࡣ
ǣҲɵ΢΢
һŽŶӣȻҪһں֮ҪǿĶࡣ
ʮˣ֮࣬ǲΪսŽһµĻƾǶʮ˵ƿɽ𺣣Ҳǲܵ飬ǣǽɢǾù¡
Ҳû취飬ǶĶţм˺ƵˣǱ̺ݺݵŰһ٣ĵҲû˭ҪŽ
Ĺ֮ڣǳŽĺôʱԺǿУȻȻͳһսˡ
ƾͳĿɨΧ⴦ռ䡣
һܶʯɣ͸¶϶ֲϢڴľͷǾŸڵͨУɭӳǾſںڶһһС

ƲûѯѩĮץС򣬶ʵ
СƺҲ״ʱҪԣҲûʹӣһ˫ǱʯһתĪ⣬ɨǾŸڣƺһУ˾ͷ
ʱվѩĮһ˫Ҳâ˸˸ǳתƺҲЩʲô
ѽ
ĿƵ˵ͨʱСϵĽצָ˹ȥ
ߣ
ҲûѯѩĮǹϵĴ˳ŵڿٵȥ
ʵܵ˸ΪѾĹˣ
ǽ붴ڲãм鴳˽ѡһͨǱ˽ȥûͣ

ڵĶѨڣ΢Щʪĸ˾紦ɽһ͸õ˲ɵһСǰ̫졣
ףѩôûи
棬ɻõͣ˽ŲɨһûзѩĮټ
ô£ôˣ
¹شʵĸв졣
뵽֮ͨڣûκΣգ˵ˣҲЩ˵ȥ
ǻȥң
л׶
ϾѩĮȥ߲ȺǣĹڵȷǰ˲æʡȥ˲¡
ˡ
׼ߵʱǰķȴǵĿˡ
֣ΪΣ
ݵķл׶üͷʵ
ѩĮΪΣ٣һŶӣǾԲܹԼĶѵģ


1216 
л׶˷ʣʵҲΪһֱƶѩĮǱһĮ̬ȣ
˲⣬ڲ֮ǲЩ᣿

˶ǴĿ⿴Լв΢΢һ̾˿һĨ⣬ߵͨǵĲһȻûи
˲һһ·ϣɶһֱעѩĮڸղţ˽ͨڵʱѩĮȴͨڴͣ˽ŲڷƵĸ֪ڣѩĮǽ뵽ߵһͨڡ
ȥʲô˲֪ƻ֪ܲ
ѩĮҰģԲֹͣ׷ǡԣҽͷԼϣֻǣȴԼܾ˶ѡ
һɡ֯ˣͷӦþתˡ
Ҫ֪ɡ֯׷ģҲ㣡
ôܣ͸İ
¹زţһĲţЩѩĮߴͨżĵǸϽȥ׷ɣǰСǿɾ군ˣ
Ů뷨ȴǲͬ
ǸʲôˣǿνһԲ壬ͬСˡ
ţп϶ǲ֪ԭڡ
ںߴֿ̫ͨˡ
л׶Ҳ΢΢üͷ뵽еĲͬѰ
ৡ
ҪʷƵʱһƿ쳹
Ǻǣ˼ղ߶ˡ
Ҫ𹥻ʱһϤͨ쳹
ѩĮ
һȥǷ֣ѩĮһŵЦӺ˳
˵СȥˣһΪ㱻Щһأ
¹ز΢һǴ߹ȥؿھһлֵĺǳ
˼ղûߴͨˡ
Ҳ֪⻹⣬ѩĮܿ˷Ŀ⣬º͵Ķ¹˵ţûаһھڡ
ԺѩĮĻһ룡
Ůл׶Ժ쳹ƵĻǶһ㶣ǺܿĻָ
Ȼûи¹˵Ϊ¶ˣһͣôһֻͻֱ񾭴ʳˡ
Ȼѩָˣôǻץʱɡ
Ҳûжʲô˵һ䣬תĳǰȥ
ѩĮʧʱ䲢ҲȷѩĮû롮ɡ֯ϵϣഫɡ֯ҪΪ̣Ѱ˸ûʸ룬ѩĮҪô̵ʱڣǵϿɣҲЩ̫ܡ
ˣСķûġ
ѩԺҪ㣬Ȼʲô飬ǿû취ʦ
û׷ʲôл׶ҲģʺѩĮ䣬һ˱ٴ˳ĬУڷ󣬳
ѩĮɸȴͣڷϣתãǻָҲûа쳣֮
Լǰʮңͣ˽Ųƻȭͷϣһâ˸˸ȭ׸ϣϢϯ¡¡졣
ǰ棬һͨվӰԼм֮࣬ϣǸһףͷ­Ǵһñ沿߸ǣһ˫۾һƬڣҿն棬Ѿ˰⼣ȥ֪Ѿõ£ңϣûаϢ¶Ҳû˿ĲȥѾȥˡ
Сġ
ˣҲаģһ˫֮ϣץһâ绡˸˸䣬ײ̶ƿһ
ꡭ
ֶһѶͨڵ˸Ƕȥ˴ǵ֮ϣŷһ֮Ľ֮󣬲ɢȥЩ쳹Щ˲û˿춯ֻһһû
ô£
˹һĻõͷˮ
ΪƸղ޵Ϯ˴һЩ⼣Ȼûи˿Ĵˡ
үүģһͷɢǣ
¹ֹܲգڹһǣž޸ǳһ˹ȥ
޴¡죬޸ţȴǻûзӦֱ޸ҪӴ˵ʱͻأģŸɵϣ˫նͻأ˳Ĺâʱԭ⼣߰ߵҲ֮һ·תۼ䣬Ͳȫţ˼ľͳеֱӾײ¹صľ޸

һ·ҵײâľ޸ϣŷ̶죬ĽһӴϫϯ¹أ˾Ǳսײһ˾ôײ˳ȥ


1217 
ϡ
Ƭ̼䣬Ϊ¹صƣЩԭûа㲨ˣһ˫˫ҿնڶ˳Ĺâ⼣߰ߵϣҲһ·תţȥһͼһţһ֮쳹ˣǰγеһɱϢӿ
ˣ
ƲϵĴӡǶ䣬Ҳһһ˼һϢ䣬ͱϰס
ֻǣȴǷˣЩ˾Ȼδ׷ͣԭأֻǣ޴ӡʱǲǾеЩӡն飬Ǿ޴ϫͨھϯȥϵ⼣ֻǣǵȴǲҡƾХȴӰ첻˿ңϵ·ȻӵԭȥΪϾɵҲ֮Ȼһ£ɵһ
˻
ǲ׷ϮһĻ֮ҲɵһڣһƬ𺳡
ϣЩĶᶼﵽɣ
űѵĻڣ¹Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬ɨһԶһˣɵ̿ˮ
ˣǳǾֻ·һ
ĻҲһ
¹Ȼ³çǣʵӹɣľҲһͷ֮޶ԣң֮ˡ
ֻ˵һ㣬ЩѾ𾳽ķ롣
Ƶüͷһ֡
ȻĿǰûʲôΣգǣǱҪͨͨЩͨ
ˣɲǺöԸģܾǡɡ֯ˣֻЩҲҪͷʹ
ΪЩϵ·ģȻ롮ɡ֯ϵ·ЩƣԣܹЩߣǾľǿҲܲµľ磬ȻҲֻϵ⼣ѡ
ɼǵķͬѰ
ô죿Ҫͨ
һ˫˫Ӷţ˶оЩë¹ĶԷԼ
Щͨͨ
ĺ˿֮󣬲ƽ˵
ôһ˵һǽǹһĨŨŨĿЦ
ȷͷƻͷֵСָ·ߣӦûߵĲŶԣΪڽĹʱŹֵС޿ֱӾ͵ĹڵλãѩĮǸж׼ѡ
ôһ˵¹ضʱڨڨһЦͷ
ͨǻ·֮ÿһ·׼̶ȶ࣬ͨǾԵ·ǲһ
վ󷽵ѩĮҲĿˡ
֣ô죿
Ĭл׶Ƕŷʵ
֪УƺѾϰԷΪÿѽ⣬ǻƵ
֪ΪΣƺţûзư첻顣
ܹŹ֣Ҳ棬ǣദһʱ֮оѾһӡ
ǿ󣬶ǣ
ƺûȱ㣬Ҳ嶯£ʲô飬˼ǰ·һþµϺһ
ǲԿģ
ȫ
â˸˸ɨЩãǳһӡʼ۷ӡ˵ƣ֮ͨӡ
䡭
һʱڣ֮ͨڱǴ죬Ļ棬˵ľף޾ıϵ֣ڣĺţľͨںХľϯţҺиġɽˮ䣬˱ӻڣԲŲΪġ
ֻǣǷĻ𺣣˵ףֹȴƺûиЩɶĴˣǵĶɸɾ䣬ϵ·׸壬һУ޶ԡ
Ļ˲ЩйеĹȴһֱûͣ෴ģֶβϵĳ˺
һУԴڷ۵ķӡ
ѾʮӣڵӡӳܣѾ𽥵ĳ𾳽磬Ÿߵľ
壬жôǿ᣿
ӡ̶ܳȣﵽ̶ȵʱл׶ڶ¶𺳵ɫ
ܹܵؼǷƵĳǳ֪ĳʶΧ
վѩĮһҪƷӡ۶ɵǺֻ֣ǣȴһֱ޹ĸơ
ƺһصɴУ˸͸޷ޡ


1218 շ
¡¡
ըϵĴΧͨǱЩţֵֻǣȴһֱûѿХľҲ޷ٶ֮һ΢Сĺۼ
һˣźףֻбϢֳɱһУȻÿһǶظһǣĹ£ǷײȥҲش
¡¡¡
һֻڵľң룬ҳһеϢܱߣԶһɫĵ绡õֻƳ˻ϢƺǷ£ľܽظһ
˿̣ҲǽӲӣļⶼǸ߸ߵ¡һ˳ƺڳĪѹһ
ڷӡܴﵽʱÿһ縺صҲѸٵͣңмҪѿĺۼ
Ƹ硭
ŮǺΪǵĿΪ˽ȵĸԣԣҲûгֻĬĬĿţȴٴδ漣
ˡ
ӡڻţûͣ
ڰСʱڣӵаĿۣܿģӡܾʹﵽ۷ĳ̶ȣʱƵϣҲʱѿһСڣнɫѪҺֻǣܿˡ
ѵҪ۳ʾܣ
л׶нԾĪǿһһĿ
һȫλѹ۷ˣȻܹס󾳽ֱ޷飡
ɴ˿ɼǿ̶ȣѾǴﵽһ֪ĵز
ɫѪҺǵõʲôĴУ
ɻ󲻽⡣
ԭֻдﵽ۾ˣпܻתѪҺɫȥȻҲЩǵõĳִУԲŻʹѪҺɫɱ䡣
統ƼĹʥʥӣѪҺǺɫģ
ֻǣڽɫѪҺĴУȴ벻ףԡ
ꡭ
ʱΪӡ̶ܳȵϵѿڳֵٶȸǼӿ죬ңĿģõŮĶ
һ㣬ԡ
ƴʱҲӲţɫΪѹҲЩ΢΢Ĳţһɽѹļͷһ
ǰЩԺܲһ㣬һ̨̨һĴ˸ҴǶǻὫ֮
ԣҪô뽫֮ݻٲС
Ʋоܹ׵ʧȥԣĿ۳
ʦҳⰡ
ϲϴľʹзࡣ
ǸνĹѣ˭֪滹ʲôĹؿڵȴԼ
½ķƣʸûУͻᱻĹдڵ޸˺ˡ
һ˼뵽ˣǧԹԣϵȥҲδԼô£̯ӣܹҪúõһʡ
ôͽܵ𣿣
ĹУûаƣʵǿᣬ޿ɲԼ֡
÷ƻɣǲǻûĽ뵽ĹУ
Ĺ϶зϵϢŶԣȴ˿ܲ
˵ԼϢүǺŶԣӦøܲ
ɵ㣬֮ʹҧš
ҲֻϿɱٸˣȻмܲסˡ
Ҳ뵽ĹУϻӦԼĴڰɣ
¡¡¡
˽һСʱۣͻأģӡһһɺƴѹϯΧĿռ䶼죬һ쳹ͨ
ꡭ
ͬʱƵؿڣֱۣ˫ţϵǱɫѪҺȾʪӸǲطһѹ͵£һ
ӡ
Ǻԥģǽ۵Ĵӡ˳ȥԶˡ
¡¡
޴ӡһɽһշŷը죬ƣŴˮȵе¡
顭ǡ
һֻo֣֮֮һ·ݿ࣬շһУ˵·նǱֱ۶ϣշȥĪ·ˣҲȻѣƬĽ
һжѣԭ˶ͨͱ˺ܳһξ룬߰ʮ˱շУΪƬ
˻
ӡ˵ƣ˲ɵĵһһƬ
ԼϣֻҲʬ޴ɣ
ƵĶȴûйõֻͣͣϵĴ΢ָǿʼٴ


1219 Ԫ
Ƴһ֮л׶˵Ĺͣ
˷Ѿ
Ǽһͬ˽һСʱȴûиЧĴˣƺǱˣⲻ֮
ԣǰչˣԪ֮Ƽӳ֣˶Ƿ˹Ǿ
Ϊ˭֪᲻˻ӺԣҲǽĴϣתƵ˺󷽵ķ˶ѡ
˴ǻһˣû취ͨģܵˣҲܴﵽʾܵĹֻ£ǡɡ֯ҲṻǺ
Ϊɲ˶ܹ߱ܵؼģ
ʱǽһ˴ҪģҲʱѡ
ֻǣڷƴι֮󣬴ͨĺ󷽣ȴǴһЩҵ
ˣ
ѩĮѣ˶ǻԼ
ʱӰʹӺֶ
壡
ǸӦϵϢ˵ɫɵĶһ
壬ļʸ
ǹԪˣ
ѩĮͳõжɵһ
Ԫ壡
ǿ壬ӵйԪֻ֮Ҫܹѣ൱ӵѰļ֮֮ˣΪ½ƽʵǰʮĴ֮һ
ֻǣ壬ȴǴ嵱Ϊϡٵһ壬ݹżأԪﵽ߷֮ʱҲǼʮѣ˿ڴ˵޷⡣
Ҫ֪֮ڣЩпܾѾӵмʮ˿ˣԪ壬ȫȴ൱һе˿ڣϡٵĳ̶ȣɼһ㡣
ǣԪܹΪƽʵǰʮĴ壬ɼǸ˵ʵˡ
ԣ˿л׶˶Ǽȵľעǵһһ
壿
Ԫˣ֮ҲɵһЩȻĿǡ
ǵļ䵱УΪСģڰ½֪ֻһ˿ڴ壡
ԣƵ˾ȻܹͨҲǾһ޺ǱЩˡ
ΪǲûмܶԿһĻΪ޺ʱ򷢳ĳģǸʱ򣬷ƵѾ뵽ʯˡ
ϾڷѾСʱˣУ޺֮ڣ֪˶ٸľӢţδǿߣԪˣʱ򣬿жʮ˵ģڣҲʣˣЩ޿У
¡¡¡
һ֮ǵע⣬һɨǵĿֻͣڵӡ֮ϡ
̶ȣ
ԪвɵһԵ˷̬ʱ˫ձǱЩ
˺󣡡
Ϊ۷ӡл׶Ǵվǰ棬ŹԪļ˳ȵ
ڼ䣬ָ֮ϣһҡҡקקһܹ֮𣬵ǣȴǿȼţңӳһǸеΣյϢ
ⲻһ壡
һ̣ǲС֮ġ
ܹģʵôܻ
ǵĿɨǲӻл׶˵ĵɫˮ֮ǵüͷ
ǵĿ⣬һ۾ͿеĲƽ֮
һѿеӲͷ
رǿɻڲɫƣľ
ǲ˶ѣǽЩ壬ԼⷽҲԱȫʱܹʣ˾Ͳˡ
ƾ֮ô棿
ˣ
Ϊ׵ǸԪ˺ԥı´һͬȥ׾롣
֣
ǹԪΪ˶ס˽Ų֮󣬱Ǵ˵ûдŵ⡣
ʲôȥҸǣˣûţ
¹еľ޸ƵµһԲϾͿļơ
ȷЩ˵ĳ̶ȣΪ׵ģһصףһҲԸ¡
˿̣ΣƾܹȫգǴʱҪԼı
ѣԹԪ壬ΪС
ǹԪͷǸٴοˡ
Ҳ£ǰЩоԲˬ
Ϊо˻ȥ
¹ظĽе˵
ѣҾʱϡ
Ϊ֮˲δôŭǴĿǴ
¡¡
˵ţƱѾ۵ʳ̶ܵķӡ˳ȥ嫵ܹϯշһУЩǿ˶ǱշɿƬ
ʾ磡
ЩԪֱӾ͵һһƬдܡ
ܣǣҲܲ£
Ҫϣ
ĺ˿תũҩҩԣָϵĴˣߵл׶ǰԶĹԪ˵֤ϵʸ˵


1220 ŵ
ԪȻǿ󣬵ǣȴǴĹ֮ڣƵ˽֮ɱԪҲ֪˭ģỳɵͷ
ϾӡУ壬ųģ
֣
⻰һ¹رЩżˡ
ⲻ뻢ıƤ
ֻ£˵ǲ֮ͬʱϣͬһ壬ɱĿԶǺܴ
Ԫܹ뵽ͨ˵ǵʵͬѰǵʱ˵ܻɻԵĴ
ȴǳͶһǷĵɫǽŽɵվһԡ
λֵܣҪ֤أ
ǹԪΪ֮ˣ⻰ҲŭЩΪάʵ
Ƿ֮ǰǾԻջ𣬵ǣڸղżղŷƷ֮󣬱㶼ǲҸˡ
ǰܣ֣ҲزС
嵱УЩ˵ģȻ壬޷½㡣
ʣµա
Ʋָָͨˣ˵š
⻰һл׶ɫͱЩŹˣŷŭɫ¹أɫҲЩ
ЩȻյĲˣǣҲʮڷ˵໹һηӡܽǣһˣҪЩˣɲ׵£һãǾͻᱻնɱ
ã
ǹԪΪ֮ɨһЩԭزˣһھʹӦ
ЩϸûаԣҲ޷жϳȽңղż׵ľշ߰ʮҲûжٽ˷ϡ
ڷƵʾ£˿һԣ˾ȥ
Ԫ
Ϊ׵ĹԪ˿ŹϵľģһɰϢˮһڹĳ֮˾ƴǣ˫ͨһoһĴ
ӡ
˫ȦһĴӡڿռ˳ʱռһoڵૣһɺƴѹӣؼ䣬ƺֻһӡڡ

ͺһӡ˿ռ䣬һ̫սշ¡¡ĳǴԭصײ˹ȥ
ƣõ΢
ƣû˭ܹ˵Լٷܹ֮¡
¡¡
˼䣬ӡѾײһŵˣʱͱ޴죬âʢХžϯ˷¹ص˾㵵Ŀ£ǰļˣȻҲײ˳ȥȻûûѣǣϵ·ȴࡣ
ٴվϢԾ½࣬ڳâҲûǰǰ
⡭
¹صԲ۾źϼ䣬ȴ˵
ԣղԪΪ֮һѾﵽξ۷ĳ̶ȣȻǲܸЩɴ˵ġ
ǾʵԪ˸
ǰΪ֮˵ʵǿ֪ڹԪһУһָĴڡ
ǣʱȫһȴûκһˣܹܵˣ
Ҫ֪ղڷһ֮£ǴݿһЩ˾ֽģľͱ˺鵱ˡ
ǲ˵ƾ׾ͽ˺ʵ
ţһ
ѹָղű˵ôԼˣȴȷûʸ֮ϡ
һ֣
Ϊ΢΢ǵͺһٴӡһ붯֣Ȼ죬һ˲ϵĺɣϵĴݻ١
Ԫ壬һʲô壿
ѹе𾪣ƽһԵл׶ʵ
̫£رΪ׵ˣûܹնɱġ
Ԫ壬ǰ½Ϊϵ֮һȴǼΪϡ٣˵ڵĹԪҲʮ˶ѡ
л׶֪ƵΪϸĽŹڹԪһϢ
ԪΪϡ٣ԣƽ壬С嶼ɹˡ˵ԪҲйԼңԪˣԳΪҲܹύԭ֮һԣ֮ϣӦҲ֮£ȻΥԪ棬ǴȥԪ޾ۻҲһ
Ŷ
ôһ˵Ҳһ˼ƽϡ
⼸ûжģ˫ܹʱҲһ׮£һˣԾͿԽ֮¡
ֻǣһ뵽ǡ顯֮£üͷ
ҪȫĹнĿĶǲһģпܣΪУǸʱԪ˻пվԼ𣿣


1221 
ԪˣȻǵʮˣҲǻСʱѣӲõ¹ؿɵۡ
ﰥЩһﻹ治Ǹǵġ
¹̿ˮ¶ԵĹâ
õĶְ
ϡ
Ҫɿʱ򣬴Ǻڰͨڣ߳һӰһ˫۾Ļţ߼䣬ϷĦ֮
ᶯ
˵ƤɵһʱһǽƵҲȫȡ
ߣ
ӲĥɰһĴޱȵıûа¶ȣͬʱڼĳеһĽâֱͳǹԪΪ֮նȥ
⣡
ڵĳ̶뾫ƣͣɫ䣬βɵľͳźȥֻǣĽŲƿӱǴһĸоʱǾһûйԥһӡ˳ȥ
¡
޴ıը쳹Ǹ˱˻ȥԪ˾۵һȫˣһʱڣȻֹס˵ĽŲ
л
Ϊ׵ĹԪҲим֮⡣
ҩԣܺĽһ
˵ǣҲðа
ǺǣֻϣܹԼ壡
ƻӲӵ˹ѵ
ĹڣȻԱԣǣȴûоԵıӻס
ԣЩԪܹԼ壬ôʱֺηأֻҪǲԼʹӣҲԿ෴ģȫϵࡣ
ҹԪˣԲᱳ壬ԹԪ֮ģ
Ϊ֮ɫһ࣬΢ԥĵ˵
ԭҲҪͨѣƵϡ
Ͼ֮˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô飬ǣͻҩԣԷƲһЩøС
֮ˣӦòսթ֮
ã
ϲһкһ붯ּ֣䣬ٴӡ
¡¡
޴ӡѹ֮շȥ̣Ҳӡ֮»һһЩϸСƬҵ֮ͨڣ֤ڹ
¹ӣлλֵܳ
ǹԪΪ׵˿ŷƹֵлǴһĨ𺳡
֪ԭҪʱۻȥġ
·ƣ
ҲǺˬ˽һȻ֮Ҳ
ЩԪԭóύʱΪƸԮ֣кøڣֵ̣ܹ֮ˡ
¹һҪһԪҪһȴƵһɣ㬵վȴתţҲ֪ڴʲô⡣
֣ǻǱ߱˵ɣ
Ϊļһ䣬һ˱ͨԭ߽ͨڵ
ϡ
뿪Լ˰СʱңԭɢɽڵЩƬһƬƬһſŵķ󣬶۳һ߾ˣĴͨڣûаϢȴŴߵĵ
ԣͨĹڵ޺ҪͨһͨǴ򲻳̶ȵܣֻ޷ͨġ

һ·ϣǰ棬һСͨţٶȡ
ִ˴ĹΪ飿
ĶһԵĹʵ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ˷һۣ΢̾һʵʵΪϴ֮õҹԪһҪĶԣʱﳤҪѰȥֻǣ˭֪ڶֵԶĹ֮ڡ
˵䣬ĸԪɫҲȥ
ǹԪΪ٣ԣӵ֪Žᣬ֮䣬ֵܣ˴ۼߵֵ޿ڣǵжѹһʯһܡ
Ŷ
⻰Ʋɵľһᣬ˵ַģҲæѰ
лˡ
ܵƻеֿΪмĳŷƹֵ
һ̸֮䶼˽⣬رǹӣǹԪˣཻóʶ˷棬ǸǲȻཻ֮ǿɾ͵ˡ
֣㲻ԺǾֵཻΣ
΢ٴδ˷һͣ˽ŲصĶŷʵ
ţ
ҲһϣҲǴŨŨЦ⣬ЦãԺҷƾͶһֵܣ
ţһ󳩿ĴЦ˫֮ϵǢ


1222 ϤĲ
ڵͨڣЩʪͬʱʱģ޼ʵľͷʱĴһķ磬ͨͨһѩĮ㣬һ·˶Ҫˡ
ΪѾ˽ŲͨҲнʮʱˣУǻˣң׵࣬йƾһ˵ĻֻҪܳһʱˡ
Ҳоգ˷һЩʱѣЩǽһˣûиκ

Щ磬Ǵģ
Ŵǰ治磬üͷ΢΢вϵ˼š
з磬Ǵͨͨһ磿
ȻĻз紫
֮飬δ֪ģڣҲֻܹһһˡ
ºһ˾ˣڣڹһ֮֮ͫڣƿԶһĨ⡣
ͨѾ˾ͷˣ
λСˣ
Ƴѵҷ˽ŲͬʱȭͷϳâһȭױǸϡ
һԲҴ⣬׷׶Сľ
Լ˽Сʱ֮˶ǿһĨĴڡ
ѵҪĹˣ
һԪ˾ϲĺ
Ѿʧȥôֵͬܣǲҵڵرûȥˡ
ôһʣ˶ǿѩĮ
ֻʱѩĮѾһƬ޼ʵǿգ֣ǳתУ͸¶һɰĴ
λֵѵǴеġʦ
ѹԵķƴžȵĿʵ
嵱ʦԤ֪׼ʹ½ΪԪĺӵܣȻҲ֪
ΪʦĴڣѣܿĴ⹦ͣʦģ
ԣʱ˾ȡ
ϾĴʦǿϡеģ߸ҲܹյŴΪϱ
š
ֻ΢ĵ˵ͷ΢΢ſڣû˵ʲô
һʱ˳˱־֮⣬Χˡءķû
ãѩĮڵǳȥڡ
Σ
ƿʵ
͸
ѩĮҡҡͷһĨã˵ǰһƬ׼ѱ磬Ҳ֪ͨͨġӦ·Ŷԡ
һõһһɫЩ
Ĺ֮ڣΣǵĹĹؿ϶ҪڸҪ̵Ķ࣬ǷƣҲûоԵȥˡ
ʦ㾿Ū˶ٹؿ
ǳ鴤ţԹͬʱҲɵһɡ
˶Ĺؿֻ¾ǰһͨЩˣҲһҵĹˡ
λСĽ䱸Ȼ·ǾҪһ
һһ䣬Ŵ󲽣Ǵȥ
ӡڵģһƬúɽľ󣬸ɽˮ֣ԶҲлĮԭʼֵڣдһЩ޺УΪⷽһ
ʱ˱Ǵһϱ֮ϵһɽڴ
ģ
жǸôһͷ
ѵѾĹˣ
ҲһĨɻΣӳɽڰգɨܵĿռ䣬ҪѰҳһЩ
˼䣬ͻأģһϤĲǽڡ
ֲ
һһĨɫ
ৡ
һͻأģʧԭأټ
֣
Ƹ磡
ʧ˽һǴʧ磬Ͼǻ̻żⷽڣĴѰ
ֻǣȴֻлȴһֱûзƵټ
л׶ˣˣҲǰæѰǴĺУĴߡ
λҪ̫ɢи߽޴ڣ
ȵĸѵɽֳһӻ֮⣬ˣǳʲô⡣
Ƹ磬İ
Ůǵͨ죬ʹ޳
е֧ǷƳ£ǾԻᱼģ
˿̣磬Ҳһļҡ
⾿ô£ôͻȻͲˣ
л׶ҲѰһȻǶѩĮе
ö˶˵ģͷһͻأʧ˭Ҳ֪ǳʲô飬ֻܽϣѩĮˡ
𼱣һ
ѩĮҲһľɣǿʼ
ʱŮҲ£˹ȻļҲǰĵȴŽ
㲻
֮ѩĮεҡҡͷŮҪʱֲǼһ䣬ں񲢲ǴΣյС


1223 ռ
ѩĮһ˵˽һȻѩĮԼҲˣ֪ʱҲжϳƴʱ׼ѡ
Ƹû£
ģ֮ʵ
ģ㣬ѩĳܹȷϵġ
ѩĮһĨâŵЦ嵭˵
⻰ŵĲ΢΢һ䡣
ж׼ѩĮʦ˵ȴҲ¡
ȻǰҲŮϣƻˡ
ǺƸ羿ǵȥأΪʲôǶڣȴأ
һԵȴǲģǿʵ
ȷʱڴڵλãǷʧĵطǶȴû£Ϊηƻͷľʧأ
⡭㲻
ѩĮһĨǳǳĿЦҡҡͷ
ҲΪƵĵطֻҪǷƵ飬һ˿һҲ޷ĳƺڤڤ֮Ҳ޷δһ
˻شŮȻܲģҪȥѰҷƣȴҲû˿ͷ֪ôӺ
λѩּȻ˵ˣǷڿ϶ƽǻǲҪɢȻ棬׳¡
ŮȶٴγȰο
Щһɾ鷳ˡ
񾭴¹ҲȰ˵š
ǰλǶԷӦú˽⣬ӦҪԼȻ÷𣿡
л׶ĵ˵ȴǵŮҪϣʱ˵ǻȶȥ
ȷǵĿУƺѾûʲôסˣκѰвɿ˷ѣ׵Ĵơ
ѰĹλãţҲȥ
ѩĮһ仰Ůȼ˶־
ȷĹڣΪ˽ĹУô϶ǧټƵǰȥĹŶԡ
СͷСڣѰҵ·ӦҲж⡣
ôһ֮˻һ·ˣѩĮۿΧϵ㣬δ֪ĵطȥ

ڱϤĲסʱ򣬷ƲûκλңһĨǳǳĻȡ
Ȼ۾֮һΪϤӨ˸˸Ӱ͸ǰ
ʦ𣡡
ǴοЦݵӣƵıһᣬҲЩʪ
ǰӰٲȻǷϣҲǸı˵ˣ
ˣޱӡ
Ǵŵʵڷƶֲ֮࣬Щŭ
ϼһҲ̫ˣ֮ͲˣֳôԼĹǻûʸ񴳵
һɨۣΧһǿС
ƺһʱƴڵλþڴĸ̨֮ϣĲԶһ޴ʯף桭ȻһȥҲʮ˾Ů
ףŮ·ŮȻڣȴ貨ӣƮݳס
Բ԰׵գҲ·Уȥ׽ʵǳˣòȾ㳾˲ұӣ滨ףƮ˼䣬ףɣųȺɽϱѩŮʤŮ
գǷ˾ɫҲɵһͣһʱҲЩӦ
ⲻΪŮӵòңŮƺ
Ҳ˵ǻģ
ңҲˣԼ͸ϵöιʱҲ׵У˿˿Ƶ뵽Ůӵ֮ڡ
ٺ٣ɣ
ߣϵЦõķƷӦ˹ŷ֣СҲ˳һ˫ʯҲŮϡ
ʦ⾿ô£
Ȼʵ
Ƿ֮ĹôӦǷϵŶ԰ڣôһŮӵҪǣȻǻġ
ѵǷԼȥ̫į͵һλɫŮ᣿
ţƵɫǱЩŹˡ
ںϲͬԵı׶ˣ˵ϵҲȺ֮ˣ͵֮£ҲҲ١
Сӣ뵽ȥˣ
ɫһ־ֱ˷һ
ٺ٣ʦ۷ɰ⡭ʦɣ
ķ֮󣬷ƵҲŷϵʵ
ǡ
ϵɫҲЩӣȴǹϵҡҡͷ
ǣ
ǱŻɵĿ⣬ɨķзë
òǿİɣ
ţʱһʾѸٵԺð˳
ʱ㣬ϿѾƾõˣǸʱڵˣôܻܴֽ
ǣôŮ־ǺˣΪλڷϵĹأ


1224 Ů
һŹ϶ֲɣϵĴڣЩİ߲һɭ˾Ǵ޵һ
ǣǴĸ̨֮ϣȴǴһĪʯɵĹ餣ʯɫЩǣȥƺƣΪأ˿͸
ôһʯĹڣȴһλŮ·Ůӣͣ˯һ
ʦ˭
ƲƲ죬ʵ
ֻڷǰűֵЩСһûκεĸΪɣǺͯһƤ
⴦Ĺˡ
ɫһ࣬ص˵Ŀ⿴ڵŮӣڳ˸ָӵɫ
ţʲôĹˣʦأ
һʱڶʱ;ͷԶ·ˣЩӦޱȴ㵵ʵ
⴦ϵĹѾ˲֪ٵˣ٣ô˵ǾǰĹѾˣ
ڣĹ˻ţ
ôܣһôܹƾõ£
Ҳܲʵ
ֻǸдˡ
ϲһۣǽ˵
գڤҪҳڤڵԵɣĹ۲⣬ҷ֣ڤĺģȻһʯڣ֮һĶҴ⴦Ĺ
ϵĽͣƳ׵ˡ
ĹԶԶûô򵥣Ϊݷԣڤ֮ԻȫΪĹĴڣ
˻
Ʋݺݵĳһ಻ѡ
Ҫֻ֪ǵڤڵپҪӵдﵽʥܲУ
ҪжôĿֲ
˭
ƵĿٴηϵʱе뷨ȫһˡ
еֻ𺳣
ΪĹĴڣڤ˹ֲôŮӣʱΪ־Σ
ѵһλ۲ɣ
ƸоԼ඼ҪըˣϢ
ԼȻܹҼһλŵĴۣ
ҹƣӦǴԶʱŴġ
˸ӨӨ֮⣬ȻҲƽʱڵŮӺķӦɱȷƻҪҵĶࡣ

仰Ƹоڸźϼ䣬˵
ԶʱڣǸжôңԶ
ǰŮӣȻǴǸʱģңΪֲǣ壬ȻδڣһԶʱĻˣ
ԺһƬңΪأ˿Ҳزˡ
һеĶۣŮ϶Ϊˡ
oʧˣ۳ˣʱĥһУΨس棬ŮӣȻҲ
ѵǡo𣿡
ãƲΪѵһһٵʵһ˫Ŀŷϡ
Ҳǰɡ
ҲЩƽǺȷ˵š
꼸ʥ۷壬˵־ͿһңǣվȴûпԽȥ
УԼΪĿ꣬Ҫٵ۾һȴûܹԽȥ
һЩۣoʵ˿ƶѣϾڵˣڵۣ˽⣬̫΢ˣǸ֪Ϊ£ΪۣΪ
ڵһУǲ룬ϱˣ߰½˸ط˳ΪۣЩطˣǳΪ
һȷĴ𰸣ʱ˿̣ƵҲھҵţĿ⣬ȴǷ˴Ůӷӯؿڴιϡ
µûΪöιŻ˹ԣҲˡ
Ŀ⣬̾һǷһĨŨŨĿ⡣

ҪصŮҵܣԣʷιĹһԣ˭֪Ȼֽ
ԭΪι
жʱͺһЩ
Ͼһ˴ʱڻڣδ̫һˡ
ܹı浽ڣѾǼΪˣǴȥ綼˶
ϵ뷨һŮӵϣ϶ܣеǿ߷ûܹסջ
ˡ
ּ䣬ڷϵϣȻֳһöɫ
ǡ
Ƶͫ׻չڣ͸¶ȵĲ˼ɫͣҲ˿ߣȴһֱöɫ֮ϡ
顭
дһĪ͸¶һĨȣƽ˵ҾΪһöĴڣԣǲű浽ֽ񡭡


1225 
𾪣Ϊ˵ĻǣöɫӣǳϤ
Ϊӵйһö
ǾսĹʱл׶׸ģʱѩ˵öӶԼãǣȴ֪;ˣ
һֱ֣ˮԣҲǱԣңܵĳ̶Ҳһ㣬Ȳǳ֮ǿᣬʱΪл׶壬ӵϹڤļһأ
ڣһнӭж⣡
һö飬ؼΪھܣǿΪ֮Ĵڣ
Ȼǡ顭
ԽţƸǾÿڸֱð𣬿³
л׶ҲôѯԼң˵ⶫûдãԼ˵ģһֻǣʱûиⷽȥ롣
ϾȾô׵õġ
ڣŷеöɫ֮󣬷Ʋ֪ԭԼĸԵһۺ
䣬ɫͱЩŹ
ΪȻˣ
Ҳǰ޹˺ߵĴˣһУֻǻ֮ʱ
ͬʱиһĨ̡̻
أԼ֮ˣǺûǻ
ӦûѰ֪𾪣Ҳɻ󣬲Ҳûȥɷơ
ϾƵõʱѾ뿪ˡ
ڷϵĽ͵УҲԼǶôˡ
֮ʿûôû㣬ǼǷˡ
ԣ֮壬ǳڲУǻܹԳɳһСееСǾͻһӷˣ߾綼޷ͻơ
ڷϵõö飬ܹǱݶеĸӦҵ˷ƣҪڷҵƿܡ
ԭϣ󣬵ǣһ·֤ƵĳɳˣرСĴڣڿܹ֮ȷˣƣܹûɵ¡ƿ䣡
ԣҪȡ֮ƣ˳ҪŮϽҿ֮գ˭֪Ůӻָ˻֮⴦ĹȴǽԼ棬߲ȥˡ
ö飬ҲǴ׵óġ
е飬п
öĴڣֻԼɢˣ̸ʲôƣ
ģ
ڳ˲ɫʵʦ飬ʲôô
㣡
һɫĿص³
֣ȴɽһѹڷļ䣬õѣϢ
㣡
׷Ŀ꣬ͬҲǷƵĿ꣡
ԸȥԸŮԼǰҪ㣬ͬҲҪŮҲ㡭
Ը췽ҹ̷ǣȴ׷Ŀ꣬Ůȥ
뵽ֳ棬;Ҳڳʹ
㣬ܹ𣿡
ƵĿɫϣʶ૵
õ𣿡
һźľŮӸп˵
ԼͬҲǣ
һӣȻһʱڵŮĴֽ񣬿ɼӵĲˡ
Ȼ㡭
ƺŮӲûиĻ
顭
һֱƽĿɫ棬ʵʦԸҿһ𣿡
ҪȷԼöӣǲ顣
΢һԥǽӸ˷ơ
һ֣һɼµɭʹȫתѪҺҪˣƵҲһǳǳİ˪
Ȼ飡
ӦһöڵĲƱǸоڵЩɫЩʱһæ׸ϡ
ôˣ
״ɻʵ
ʦ𡭡
ɫͷΪɥ˵ʵҲõһö顭
ʲô
⻰ͫһ𾪵ɫЩٵ˵أó
ꡭ
һָͷһɫӿһһָͷţڷϴ㵵Ŀ£ЩƵ˵ҵʱ֪飬Ұˡ
ԭǵõһںˣԼ֪֪֮ǺǻƵĳ̶ȿ֪ˡ
ʲôˣ
Ӷۿڵɳˣǲ˼ĿŷеɫãǽʵȻ󣬱Ŀŷƣþò


1226 ϵѯ
飬ؼΪ֮һΪУسһ飡
ڣ̲ܣ
ԶʱڣۣoΪ׷ţдϢضоĴսǻأԾ飬鶼ˮȵС
ֻǣ棬ǣǴۣoƺҲûҵȻҲᶼʧããʷС
ԣܹ֮Ĵ˵ڵˣǱһݻɵ̬ȡ
Ͼo첻飬ܹģ
ԣʱǴϢһЩ֪õϹŶǲԼӵܸһЩȴǶ޶ԡ

ȻϷǳĲԸţǣӷָƶĲȴڸӵе
Ҳ˵Ƶõһö飬ң֮ˡ
ȷ飬ͬʱΪɻ󣬷Ϊܹˣ
벻ףҲûԹˡ
Ⱦκ˵õҪϧ棬˭ȥٻأ
飬εģ
ãɻˣǿʵ
Ǳ˸ġ
ָɫЩŹֵĽǰһ顣
Ϲڤ壿
вһɫЩüͷ˵ô˵öӦϹڤģֻǲ֪ʲôԭлҵĻȥˡ
ġ
뵽ʱĳ棬Ƶ˵ͷ
л׶Ǽһﲻ֪ʲôֶģȻ˼ôһֱ׷ӵ½ȥˡ
Ե൱ۺ񰡡
ЩпĿڷɨɨüͷһȵĵףӵ׼֮ˣ
ˣô½ˣ
ôڤģ
㾹Ȼͨ޳ͨ
ûȷƻش𣬷һ˳õķưֱ
ʦҪҴ˵𣿡
ôһ֮ͨ󣬷ҲͷΣεʵ
뿪֮˵ɣص㡣
Ҳƽһ¸˿ƽ͵˵
ǼΪ𾪵ġ
뵱뿪ʱ򣬷ƿɲǽڲãŶãν½νڤģЩõķֵĺ档
½СС꣬Ѿɳһ޷ĵزˡ
ŷƵĽ˵Ҳ˽Щ顣
˵ʥҽʥ򣬷Щɻˡ
ʵܲףΪε֮ȥ½ũҩأ
    ൱ĺ棬½ʲô֮ͬǰҶǴ˵һҩ䡣
Щڷ˵ţһֱδܽҿ
ʥҽʥڷƵ̬ȣϲûжྪȣҲʥҽʥصּ
ֻǣ˵ƴսĹһսʥĴ֮󣬷Ҳ˿Ŀŷơ
ҲȥǣǵӰһȴȴˡ
սʥǻĹʱڵһţսһȻδ£ǣȴû˸СһսһУܴǸ硭
˵սʥҲǸпڲźɫ
֮䣬ǧ;ǣΪ˵۷ĵ۾ͻԼļӡǣ£˸޷ƣԣٿɵϵĵ۾
ԣǧߣҪǰ˵ӡǣ¿һµġ;ܵ۷۾ֻǣڣؼĸ֡;Ǳ¼ӡǣ˽Ծ£޷Խ۷塣
սһȴһ߹ġ;ἰսһ֮󣬷Ҳֻܳ̾һ
Ҫ޵еսһ
̸װ
Ͼ£֪£̫ˣҲ֮ȻǿᣬǣԲ޵еĴڡ
ԣ޵У
ǣͷȴǲͬ½һʼĸ֮޵еĴڣ
ƾӵ޵еԣž߱սһʸ񣬳ɹļ̳սʥĴУ
ǲ֪η
ΣӵһξļպпƾܹǼϵĵ۾Ӷ£޵УܻΪֽΨһĴۣ
뵽⣬ϵҲԽԽ
ǸΪҿ֮Скʮɱ䣬ѾǳΪ֮ˣδĳɾͣضҪԽԼˡ
οҲڴ
ӣ
ƴ뱱صУϵĶˣǳֵĻӣҲȻ뾪ȡ


1227 ֮
½ϵĽأأأǴԶʱģγɵģȴûܹ֪ǣ˸㣬ǱضڣԣǳΪ˽һĴڣ߱
ʦ˵ǻǲǴۣ
ƽĿڷϣЩɻʵ
ǻӸ̫ˣǴ嫺һĶУҲͥƿ˶Ϊ·
⡭
ƵҲǺȷɣܹ뱱غģ㲻ǴۣҲѾˡ
һЩ·Ҳδἰȴ˵Сα˴ߵ顣
϶塭ӦЩ˴ˡ
һĨ˵⣬૵˵ţٿƵʱȴǴЩɫ
Ҳƻ˽϶ȴǼΪ
ʦǽСεľʲôˣ
⻰һʵ
кܶ㻹Ժ֪ġŮǸˣûв´ĻӦԶ񸮡
ǴһĨǳǳĻȣЩζ˵ţƺ϶ǷƵŮеĪ˷ܡ
ЩѱļһǣǳԶ˰
񸮣
֣һƬɻ󣬱׷ʵʦⶾ񸮣Ǹʲô
ߺߣ˼ҿǺ˲õĴڰ½ϣҲһģٺ٣Ȼ϶ŮҪŮϻǡ
Ϻߺţţ
һǻģ
ƼҲû룬ĵ˵
ܷԼŮӣ
ֻǣ϶壬ǶŶżΪ壬ԣҲС߻ʲô֮ǡ
Ϊ칬ߣǻĪĺôȻڵΪǸ
ٺ٣ã
ƺΪĻش𣬶ɫɫЩŹ֣÷Ʋ²͸
˿̷ȴɻˡ
ΪΣⶾڰ½ϣǣ϶֮ȴ½أ
Щ˵ͨ
ʱͷ­Ҳ벻ͨоô¡
½ںɽ˵УǼƶ񤣬ǲмһˣǣΪε֮½ũҩ䣿϶Ϊңң½
п϶ǰһЩΪ֪ܣֻǣڵķȴǽӴѡ

飬ƻʡˣĺ˿ѹмһһٵ˵ʦҡѾƿ֮ˣ
ŶѾƿܺð
ʶӦһţ͵̧ͷޱȴ㵵ĵŷƣһǰЩٵ˵Сӣ˵һ飿
ңѾƿ֮ˡ
ҲЩٴһ˵һֻܾģһڣȴлɫӨǴָŷʱΧĿռ䶼ǱһۿɼһɳɽȴִǺڶʸе𽥵ӿõķ϶ʱ͵Բ۾ĿĿһĻþûز
Ҫʣÿһɾ͵֮Ըʲôôʵģƿ֮
ǣʵȴǲпģӹ񣬳֮ҲܹƿϵܣӶҲÿһ֮ա
ϴ֮ϣҵõ飬űȫǣһ֮뿪⴦Ĺҵ˵ʱԸųСơ
ǸʱķƣʧûбκģԣһֱûдߴСƣֱСԼ
Ǹʱֻ޵̬ڽ̵СƣǾǴδۺСԸ䣬Բġ
һһ鷢𽥵ŶСƵ̬ȸĹˡ
ΪֹԼ뿪ʱѡҲ˵ǰǶʮСһȴԼһδܰ쵽飡
ƿ֮쵽֮飡
ĲϿǷǳҪ֪Ǳĥġ
ôǵأ
⡭֮
Ө϶ɵֱۣڵ棬ЩŲźϼ䣬ȴǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Լ˶ãʱӵжܣǿ統ʱԼԼʣȴ޲ߣǣȴŶʮСһ쵽ˣǱ֪֮᲻ᶼӷĹ첻أ
ԼҲ˼֮ģΪȡ
ǵԼƿ֮Ҳпܵٵ۾ֻǣΪʵۣȴ޷ԽȥȻĹ֮ڣ


1228 ֮
¡¡¡
תõĿռвϵ쳹һƵǳԵķͬѰ
ǧɽĳ룬һƣһ˿˿䣬ԿѹǣڵɫȥȴһǼĺӣڣڶȦƺںϣӳһĵϣëȻС
֮
㡭ΰ쵽ģ
ϴʱҲЩڸѵʵ
Сָ£ƻ츳ӵָۣоҲܹƿ֮ǣڳΪʵǾһʱ޷ܵˡ
֮ʴȣᣬǿʣҲ޷ס
ƣģ
Ҵ
ƽ֣ϸ˵֪תֳʱϽӲӣϡ
µµķµơΪһ壬λԭӵּ츳ںϣϵʡҲԣʣȷܹ֮ˡ
ϵૣסĵͷһƬ̾
Ϊ˴Ҳû취ʵǿ̶ȣҲǼΪˣǣȴǳز֮
ǣڼ˷ƵŴ󳹴
ԭʱԼʲǿǣ˺ܶĶ
ؼļ츳ںϣܹס֮ʴֻΪʵǿȣȴûȥʵıʡ
ƴʱӵּ츳ԺǾȥԻǳΪϴڡ
벻Сȴ˶ݵʱھƿ֮ѹ㾹ȻܹڤĹ
˳񣬷ϲٴθпһ

΢΢˳ǿЦ˵ʦʵȻƿ֮ǣȴֻܹӳһܶѡ
ΪΣ
ϵ۾ʵ
֮ҪܹأǣҪ뷢ӳ֮ȫܣȴںؼż֮С
ϸĽ֮İ֮ЩȵĿŵķϡ
˵ˣռּ֮
ĹȷΪ˷ϣǣܹõ֮ȴҲһ׮ʱֻҪٴռּ֮Ϳȫȫ׵׵ƿ֮ȫˣ
ʱʥѧڣ˭Ŀ֣½мѹ
ż֮𣿡
ЩȻĵ˵ͷ
Ȼ֪ȻҲռһЩ̶ܳȲھż֮ǣȴ޷֮ż֮׵ںһ෴ģǾżֻ֮Ҫ뵽֮ڣͻȻںһ
ʵһĹҪԭ򣬾Ϊ˸ȡ֮˭֪ᷢ¡
˵䣬ЩƵһ֮ڵľŮӡ
ֵģŮѾˣܹѪҺǣŮȴһֱûѹʱ䣬۾Ҳûգһ¡
ѵԼẦ
ϲֹһεĻɣŮֹͣˣ᲻Ȼ
ҡҡͷûȥ룬ּ䣬һŴŰɫâ˱ΪȡڿռУһɼȵϢʱͺХľϯõķҲɵϢĴų
֮۶ɵʥֻҪˣܹӵ֮
˵ţϱǽöɫʥơ
ʦ𡭡
Լǰʥȴûȥ֣ЩǵĿŷϣһֹ顣
ɵСӣҵˣôǡ
ػĿ⣬вһ˿˿ů⣬Цһ䡣
ܹסջ󣬻ΪԼţ֤ĵĹԼңпܣ⴦ĹҲΪԼɡ
ǸɵСӡ
ҡҡͷȴһЩӨ˸ţҲת˱𴦣÷ƿдߴٵСӣϽɣĥĥģ
ʦпܣһģ
ĺ˿˵һ䣬ǽӹöɫʥ
ּ֮ں϶ɵʥһôܹƿס֮߳ܣʱ򣬾пܵ췣ˣ
˵εɵСӡ
ϿȻЦһȴůͺ͵ġ
ŷ֣ԭԼҲǸˣһЩҲ˵ĸж
ô
ƾþδִһ䡣
ʦˣں֮ʱı׶ˣ
΢΢˳飬Թ˷һۡ
֮£ǱӺˣ


1229 ʦ
İĴ֮ڣ˿̣ȴŷһ仰ûκš
СӾǲʶãҪ
һЩ߳ŭˣ۾Ҫץʥ
ٺ٣ʦͳȥĶջصĵ
ĽʥקУЦһ
ȻǣȥŮڣǾͿԷĵˡ
뵽Ů֮ҲЩ޲ϻȥ´һ˵
ʦȳȥɣ
ʥ˽ָڣһڵľŮӣδĶǶŷ˵
ɭɭģˣɲʲô֮أ˭֪ڵŮӺʱѣֻԼڽӡ
һλֲĴڣֻΪĹƬȴƬһ׵أɼǰĲ
ȥ
ƲƲ죬һۣЩŭĵܹȥΪҲȥ
˵Сһôĺĺ
ܹ߳ȥԼ汻ꣿ

ôһ˵ӿһɲõԤУһʵʦΪΣ
ҵǸ֮ϣǣԴ֮ͳԣҲû취뿪ˡ
ΪƵ˵
ٺ١
Ա飬жʱɣЦǹһĨζĻȣڷҪŭʱ򣬲˵ʦ𣬼ȻҶˣ϶Ҫȥġ
ߣ
ϲ޵һһۣŵСӣ˵ôɣб£ȥţ
˳ָƿ˹ȥ
һͭţǿһ߲·һ޴ͼһۿȥ϶죬أһĴ
һۣƾͿŵĲ
ȻǱ棬ǣܹĳĳӦòͨͭš
ȭ
һӲӣ΢΢䣬һ壬ȭͷǳͭų˹ȥ
¡¡
ûбʮؾǺˮһ㱼ڶҵĺ֮ͭϣʱȭͷΪģɢһۿɼľ޴ͭҲһը
ŵŵš
ӱķ˻ֱӾͱ˻ȥʮ󲽲ŶΡ
ôܣ
ǾȻûκӡǵͭţӿֳһĨ㵵ɫ
һȭǼƷҲҪȭ£ǣ⿴ͨͭţȴ˿ûܵӰ죬෴ģԼǷ֮ЩѪڡ
ٺ١
ֻ쳹ƺķƳԿΪ⣬õķ΢΢ĳ鴤š
ѵҲȥ𣿣
Ƴתҧһһٵʵ
ԭ˵Ӧû
Ϻܲĵ˵ͷһһĽ͵ʼ⴦Ŀռͱˡ

һĿŭҵķţһݶ챻ҧˣĥġ֨죬ҧгݵʵôˣ
Ҵİƾ飬ҿԸӦĹ統еһУ˽ǿԵġ
һȻСֵģǲϵԾʹζɫ
Ȼǹģ
֪ҽ˳ȥҽ
̯ôһʦ𣬷Ƹо඼Ҫըˡ
ԼϼһˣԼ
ʲ찡
ˣӦϼһģץȥã
ݺݵĵŷϡ
û취ȥǣ԰
˵䣬ϵζɫŨˣķЩëŭҲȥ
Ҫôܳȥ
һת¶ģֻҪԼ֪ôȥ󣬾ͰϼһԼߣԳ
ǳȥ
ϳڵľŮָָ˵

ЩȻ⻰˼
СôĹģֻҪϴǳȥѵﻹסɣ
Щɸֵĺš
֪ʹ˶ٰ취޷뿪⴦Ψһĳ·ӦþصŮˡ
ǣǡ
ȻŮӾޱȣǣƿǻЩëҿ
ԻֻҪǾͿ뿪طˡ
ԽǶŮη壬ϺԽǿģȻʱװһӣǣܹڵֻζ
ûбİ취ˣ
ɲĵʵ
У
˿˿ϣʱ򣬷ϱٴָͭţҿ


1230 
ⲻǵû˵𣿣
ʹķ˷ۣһƣĿٴڵľŮϡ
ŮӵǾɫȻţǣȴɿĳ˰͹£ɫѩµ٣˸Ҳһ˿覴ãһλߵеŮһ
ɫǰˣǷǣȻҲ⣬һɨȥЩȣæתĿ⣬ٿ
Ҫôܻ
ͷƽʵ
ҿͭţǲܵˡ
۷ӡҲܹ۳ʳ׳̶ȵܶѣȴŲЩˣֲʣֻʥҲ޷ݻ٣
ԣ˿ҲֻˣŮһɱԼ

ˣϵЦŨºͣȥЩ飬ڷУôǲ⡣

ֲԤУɵĿϡ
ȿȣǶţ򵥵˵أûСԣҪɸŻѹ
ϸɿһص˵ţװûǺڳܹˮɫʵΣܼ򵥰ɣ

Ǻݺݵĳ鴤ţͷϹĺߡ
ʲôˣ
˲Сĵ˺Уֹͣ˺״̬ôҪַͨڵлǱϾձġ
̵ķƣȻҪʲôˡ
˵ʵԼռˣ𣬶ԷǾɫŮӣֲԿ෴ģ˵һ׮治֪ж֮á
ǣȴ̡̻
ŮȻǣ˭֪ΣԼҪɱԼûа㷴֮
Ҫ֪һۣҲʥ۷Ĵڣ
Ҳ
ƺܼҡҡͷҺݺݵĵ˷һۡ
ϲݣϴѾһΣڻҪݺԼ
ǣ
ˣϲһüͷһСӻڸв֪£˶֮ãСӱ֪ô
ŮӵգǾƥģܵΪӣ˶ἵʣһﵹãỹԸգ
ǸоԼĺıˣֺɸֵζ
֮ҲҪ
г鶯ţͷȥ
㣬׼һӰɣ
Ҳһȴһ䣬ǣĨǳǳĻȣۡ
Լ̫˵㣡
Ȼ⻰Ʊǻðɵĵ޲ǰƤˡ
Ȼ磡
ԼŮӵĻô˵ģҪһˣ
ǿ϶ȥԼôа취ȥأ
ٺ١
һ׷׳Աģϸ¶ЦһյСñ㣬һĥĥģѣȥ
ҡ
ʦ𣬷൱ˣһʱڣʱΪѵС
ȥǾҪģǳ֮Σµ£ȴҲ
ֱһ
ף˳߹ˡ
ѵУϲȴ
ߣ
ƲΪΪ⡣
ɣ
ϵ΢΢ݣҲֳһĨ˼ɫôܣѵǡɡ֯ˣ
ɣ
Ҳͷɫ
޺ǰɡ֯ǸΪ̵ӡ֮Ӳãã޺ȴǻ֤ͨǵķͬһ㡣
Ҳǣл׶˵ģܹ롮ɡ֯ˣ԰½Ķ֮ˣӵдߣȻԳɣ
벻ɡ֯Ȼˡ
Ҳǻһɫ⾼âתüͷ΢΢Щ£
ȻҲǶԡɡ֯Ϊ˽⡣
ʦ֪ɡ֯
Щʵ
л׶ֻõһЩŵϢΪͳҲܲȷ
ϻ
ϲһۡ
СӵԼ½½켣ôꣿ
ɲֻ֪ô֯ĴڣеĳԱ
һȺֵļһ
һ档
꣬ƿּ֮ƽ۾½ѷֻ֣ǣȴһ֪Сطȴһɡ֯ĳԱ
ʱҪԼ롮ɡ֯һԲ֮£˴ս
Ƿϴﵽ۷֮Ϊѵһս
ǲϧ¶μӦΪɣ
ϵĿ⻺ķڵľŮϡ


1231 ɵĿ
ڤǷҲ˽⣬˵оŮӵˡ
ģŮϣ̲ܣȻûа취Ҵ

ǰϵȷ׷ѾˣҲֻǺѣԣʱ˷Ҫȡһöι
ɡ֯Ŀ
һĴ㵣΢һ˼ҲȻˡ
ɡ֯½֮ܵˣԣڵĿ꣬㣡
пܣҲΪö顣
΢ĵ˵ͷЩ
ǽɡ֯ˣǴԺ󣬾һֱܡɡ֯Ա׷ɱ
ţɡ֯˾֪Լڤڣֻǣûҵ⴦Ĺڶѡ
Ϊ飿
ƵüͷҲ
֯Ŀ꣬ôǾԲǶߵģ
ΪϵǣɾǱ֮ڣΪ֮ȥˣǺɾͲ롣
㽫˵
ϳǶŷ˵
ϴ֮Ĺ
ɫЩŹֵĽԼõϢȫ˵˳
ҲΪǷϵĹ˭֪ϼһﾹȻǰܵ˵Ĺˡ
˿൱ıϲݵģȻܵһŮӵĹڣ
벻СӾȻʥѧ
ϲ޸пĿŷƣ¶ɫ
뵽˷ƿ֮󣬱ҲȻˡ
СһԼԺҲǸԵǳ̶̼ʱ֮ھ͵̶ֳȣ̫ˡ
뵽Ĺ
СӣŬ㣬ʥ֪֮ʲô޵
ĺ˿
ȷ½һЩСطʥףȷѾѰһĿˣǣڰ½˵ȴ޵Ŷѣ
ʦ𡭡
˵ãһ˵ƵɫͿȥ
뵽ҪԵ췣ͷʹĺܣϵУʱ
ô
ɫһЩĿ
ʦ˵֮˵
ɬʵ
ϣȻ˵
ϲ΢һ㶣ǵ˵ͷ͵̧ͷĿŷƣѵġˡϳаϣ
Щ١
ڵ꣬һϴ֮ˣǲԼ֮һΪ˵Ŀֲ츳һܹ⣡
оϡ
ŷ仰ֱӾͽʯ״̬һֱĿþòܻع
һĳţûκ
˵ʲô
ڳ˴ż֮󣬷ϲЩѵʳһ˫۾ŷơ
ҡˡϣоŸϿףڣѾͨ˰ˣһδԣ޷ʥס
ϸΪ˵Լ
ŷϣţ
϶ŲôϣҲ֪ȥ˭ˡ
ʲôѾ˰ˣ
һεˣǼȵ𾪣Ļ
˰ϣǾ͵ڴǿ֮·
ֻҪǴǾܹɾԼ۷ʱڵľ磬ôѾƿ֮Сһδĳɾͽﵽһʲôĵز
ˣϣôܻоأ
䣬ǵԲ۾Щٵ׷ʵ
Ǽʶˣȴû˵ھϵĴţʱ˵оȻЩţ֪ƲԼԣˣԲš
ġ
ԽǼƵɫ͸࣬ڴƿ֮ʱҳ忪˰ϣɹһ췣ǾϣпܻԶ췣ԣһֱֹǰԽ
췣
⻰ϵüͷ˲ͳ˹ȵס
ȻǣȴǽڼΪΣյľϣʾҪԽʥҪԵ췣ûг˵ȥ
ǣȴоϣҪԴʥҪٵĶ췣λܹ
·ԣɣ
ʲôҪʲô˾ϣɹ췣ƾԾͻԾţǣǶɲ췣ôͻҪԶֹʾ磡
췣Բܹģçײ
һأüͷ
֪
촽ĵ˵ͷ
ɲ췣֮¡
ʦãں֮ʥԵֵ췣𣿡
Ĭ˰̣ʵ
⡭
һۣһĨӣþò


1232 ϵĽ
İĴڣһƬţעŷϣûпڴ˼·
˻ƣϣҲΨһһ֪ӵоϵˣϸ˵ʵڷУϻǱȽϸΪһЩԣʲô£ԷϣǺޱġ
췣Ȼ췣Ŀ̶ֲȣһ췣ܹ⡣
˵˵һ췣ʱ
˼ϲüͷŷƿʵ
õġ
ӦһǽԼ췣ľȫгûа㱣
ΪӡԣűһȻһףԿԽըƬ
óӨӲӵӡЩ˵
Ŷ
еӡҲǱһ⣬˼ӡֻҪ˸֮󣬾ͿԽ
һͶе
Խͨ鱦Ǿֻһ֣
ţڱųԱԵġ
˺Ľ⣬ҲŵӡĶλ޼˵ŵʱ
⸣ԵʵǻеСġ
ͷһСһִˣʯڵľɫŮϣ͸¶ĳ˼ɫ
ѹ˼ˣҲȥˣᡣ

ֱӾˡ
ʮһ侧ȻȡһΪͨ鱦
ʲô
ϵĿСϣţתԡ
֪
Ҳεҡҡͷ
СһصĺܣԼڶĸԵԲ򵥣ҲǼһ֪ȴǲϸԼ
ҲԼʵ㹻֪Щɡ
а̾һ
ʥײţԼŶûȥ֪̫࣬ʵҲǺ£ҲԼԺĵ·ҲӰ죬ʱǸӵòʧ

˿صĸⶫҪպãǧ򲻿ǰ¶Ȼ𣿣
׵ġ
ּ䣬ƽӡڡ
ӵԼ֮ӡҪԣǴʱԼӵܹͨ鱦ֻǰ½Ҫʱ򣬾ʥѧҲܻԼȫ
š
ˣϲĵ˵ͷ˼˵Ļ䣬üͷĸˡ
һ췣Ѿʥܵףô췣ֻ»ӵĿֲƾٹ֮ˣȥʥܵ췣
ⲻͬʥ֮Ƿƽʥף췣˿ǡ
ϾڷӵеʣѾǴӸ泬ˣ
Լߵ۷ĵزƿ϶û⡣
ֻǣʥףȴʥףʾܹģԣȻÿǧңͻᴫа֮˵Ĵţǣܹɹ췣ģȴ޼
ʦѵںּ֮޷췣𣿡
Ͼþò΢Щļʵ
ǺǣҲɡ
ɫ仯΢΢һЦŷƣһĨӡ
һ˲䣬һ
¡¡¡
˳Ĭ䣬ͭŴһ֮һ¡¡ڲϵĻصţ
ˣǡɡ֯ˣ
ϲһۣʱɫ䣬һ
ʲôɡ֯˾ˣ
ҲһĨȻЩš
⡮ɡ֯ˣֶΣȻǾԲ˶ݵʱڣҵ⴦λá
ģǽ
һĨâοһ䡣
ͭ˿̴ڷյ״̬ڲѾ֮ôɡ֯ˣֶͨΣҲϲڶʱҿŴ
𣿡
üͷ𣬲û˶ȥ
ǽǣԼȴҪȥʱ򣬾ⲻһ񶷣
ңҪԵĿֹܻ⡮ɡ֯ˣ
Լ߳ȥǻΪнĹڵ˵ĵˣ
ǣ˵ˣǰ⡮ɡ֯ˣԼ޷Ըˡ
ԣǽĿ˷ϡ
Ҹ
Ȼ֪˼ɵһۡ
һѵԼܵ
Ĺ֮ڣһܵѹƣڿ⡮ɡ֯˵ĳ̶ȣҲûоԵİһӦĹ
Ҫ֪۷ʱڣҲ޷ɡ֯Ա
Ȼ紫ԼĹôɡ֯пܻɳǰ
ʦѵԸǣ
ЩɵĿ
ߣ
һһۣûĽ͵һҲѹˣңˣʲôȥԸǣ


1233 
¡¡¡
ͭŲϵţһ޴ڴ쳹ϢõķƵҲһһģð
ɡ֯˵ǿ޺ͼʶˣڵԼܹ˵ģǷûа취ǣôǺã
ʵģǡɡ֯ҿŴԼ߳ȥǶûпܻŹԼڵˣ
뱻ǽôֻнǣ
ɡ֯Ȼ£ǣҲ־ܵ
ǰɡ֯ˡǲǳԸ͵һͬ죬꣬˵壬Ҳһ˹ʸ롮ɡ֯ûдӦ֡뵱Ҵ½սۣҲһսΪడ
ƳĬϻ˵ھ˸
˵Ϊ֮⴦Ĺ⣬Ǽ£Ϊӵˡ
Ҫ֪һ廹Ҫǿɡնɱˣ
ʵһܹӵеģ
ԭˡ
ʱƲŻȻĵ˵ͷֻǣüͷȴԽԽ£ˡ
˵ɡ֯˶Ϊ˽⣬Ȼܸǿ󣬵Ǵʱ˼ȻרԸˣʵԷͬһ㡣
ɡ֯Ȼ˼ǳ𣿡
Щࡣ
ǵǣֻǣЩһһߵĺܣΪܣ㲵˼ôͻܵνĳͽѡ
ҡҡͷЩԶԣҲ룬εĿ꣬Բҡ
ǰʵɡ֯Ȼ£ǣѾˣɡ֯ԲΪһûжô£Ҳϧ¶١

ƵĿҲɵٴοڵľŮӣ˵˭ΪΡɡ֯ôأ
ףҲ²ŮӵǣԹųġɡ֯ȴ֪Щء
ʦ⡮ɡ֯Ǻ˴ģΪΣȻܹ˶ǿͶ
˼ǲͷŷǲϵգʵ
˵ǿߣӦöǹ°ģԲ£ǣΪɡ֯ȴܹ˶ľǿǰأ
аĶԲ򵥣
һΪ𡯵ļһ
ϵĿһۣΪ˵
ǻҵİԵɡ֯ʹˣʱ嶼δ𣬿˵ɡ֯ڵ£廹Ҫá
ڡɡ֯ĴʼˣǱ˳֮Ϊ𡯣
ȻΣȴûܹ֪˶ƶѣʵϣԱҲ֪
һУһԣ
ʱɽ٣ܣƿܡ
ǿƥϹŶ֪ˡɡ֯󣬹ǧ࣬Ȼܹ䣬Ϊһʱڱ˾ĺ䶯
Ҳǡɡ֯۷壬ǣӡʧ֮󣬡ɡ֯Ϳʼ˵ڵĮȥٳ֡
ҲΪ֮겻ѡ
ΪʱǡûʧٵĻ˵½ᱻɡ֯ͳһˣ
˻
һ˵Ʋɵľ͵һһƬȻһ˵Ӱܹͳһ½
ֱ޷ˣ𡯸Ҫǿᵽһʲôĵزǰ޹˺ߣ
Ҫ֪žޣ䣬ϵǿĶʢʱڣ塯ʵҲֻϰ½ʮ߶ѣ
Ǿ˵߸壬ӵвĴڣ
ûʧٵĻǾпܣ
صĵ˵ͷ
߱½Ƿˣڰ½ǿļ֯ڡɡĴڣҲǼΪɵɼɡ֯ĴڣȷѾвǵĵλ
ԣʱҲдţΪɱˣΪĴڣǵͳελȻ޴桭ȻЩֻǲ²ѣϾҲΪĽ͡
һϵСɡ֯ĴţõķüͷȴǸΪ
ûȷǺ桮𡯵Ĵڣڵĳ棬Ҫվڡɡ֯Ķ
ôżɡ֯ûôֲȺһȻ˶Ըǡңǣ
Ȱţ˫һһɰ
ɡ֯Ȼ£ǣǰҲΪ𡯵ĴڣȻҲܻѡǡ


1234 ʥ
š
ôһ˵Ҳú
ǿҲڡɡ֯ǿҲ޷붦ʢʱᲢۣǣ֣
ǲܵ飬ʱڣ̫ңԶˣ㵱ʱƿӳٵҲܴʱڲд
¡¡¡
죬ͬʱҲ˷ơ
ɡ֯ˣǲ֪ƣһҵĺŴţѾʱˣȴûаܼͣͣ
ʦ𣬵ô죿
ҪȥɾҪԸˣڿûǸġ
ֻпԼˣ
ϵ΢΢ǣźۼһĨǳǳĻȡ
Լ
һɻĿ
š
Ϲĵ˵ͷ̽һһȻǿ󣬵ǣҲĺܣʵȻҪǿһЩǣöʥǾ͵ӵּ֮ںϡʱѹǣ⣡
ּ֮ںϣɲһһô򵥣
㣬ںּ֮ķϣид
԰ʥˣܹƿ߲֮ܣ
ôһѣ۾Ҳһһе֣ͽöɫʥȡ˳
ȥҪʱȴͻȻ䷢˷ǵĨаĻȣʱ䲻Ĵһ
ԣʥν׶ˣ
亹죬ֹͣ˶ҺԹĿŷϡ
ϲݾôҪٳԼŮӵĺ£
ߵ£߹˹ȥֻͱӰħ̸ɱˡ
ϲݵ¸ˣڵŮӲ֪ǳԼǻɱ˰
ţվĿ⣬ķҲЩë
СӣѵһẦ㲻ɣ˾ɫŮ棬֪жҪͷ㵹֪ô
߳ŭĵԲ۾ָͭţң㲻һӴȥˣ
Ķ¿ηˣ
ŮӾǷңָܡ
Ҫ£ЩϵҲֻһ·߰
СһǲԼò׸ȡᣬȻ֪գķϰķζˡ

Է˲εĻҲˣ˼ãĿһʦԽǴ𣿡
˲ãԼ̫ˣ
ĵΪô׵𣿡
ϲݺݵĵһۣ䣬ɫһ䣬˵Сӣû㣬Сڿ˺ܴ鷳ҪҪȥ㣡
ʲô鷳ˣ
һ⻰ƶʱͻˡ
ߺߡĹڣǴʾޣЩһȴƫƫȥǣˣ
дһĻĻĺߺţȴһĨ졣
Ϊ֮ĥʱֽһЩͷ޵ĳѨУʱȥҶȥġ
ô
ʾޣƵɫǱļΪѿУҪȥǣ
ּ䣬ٴóʥ
ֻˣ
һĨᶨ
ںϲͬʱı׶ˣǳǲйȥЧ
ǣǿѹסаһʱ䣬ӦûǿԵģʱֻҪŮͿĽˣ
뵽⣬Ʊûԥȥһתܾʼϵİɫʥ
ٺ١
һưɫڣϵǻĳһĨŹֵЦ⣬ҾͲСܹܵס
Ȼ׷ƴʲô⣡
ڣȫǱſϷ̬վһԵȴš
ৣ
һһӰӷƵĻӳվڷϵһԣϵɫȻһޣԻ

ŰɫӿڣڷƵĿ£ֱӴԪУ뵽֮ڡ
ˡ
Щɫӿ룬жʱͷתһڶһţͬʱڵУһĵķ룬ֺ嫣ΧĿռҲΪ֮ԷΪģһˮһĲƳ˵ߣҲЩŤ
֮ͬʱƵҲһƬ貣һ͵еĽսһǿѹصİɫȻ˿ûӰ쵽ɫ£û˿ʹ֮С
ܹ֮ͬĴڣ֮ںȻܹ̣ҲҪһĥˡ


1235 ٴɱ
ˡ
һǷһģ˴ĵ׷ռ䶼Ϊ֮𶯣س¡
һ޼ʵУһڶΪףƳ룬μһϢѹת䣬һĴЩɫӿֱӾͱûڣе׼֮Ϊһ塣
ЩɫĲ룬ģ޼ʵУɫȻҲķһЩ仯
䵭ˣ
ԭī֭һɫڣȴŻɫת䣬ΪԵģԵǻɫ۶Էֱĳ
ʱȴûȥЩϸ⣬һĶѸٵʥ棬ܾת޵ĵزеʥҲۿɼٶڼţٵı룬
ƿ֮֮ĺôˣ֮ĴڣֱӾͿԽͬ׵ںһȻȻģǰ뺣
仯ԶԶֹЩѡ
ʥĲӷӳҲӵĳһɺɽ嫺ѹҲ֮ɢӳĵΣΪߴ䣬һoһĴΪġ
ʱҲΪĲϵ貽⣬ȻҲ
ֱ仯أⲢ˵˥ˣǣƺֱ¶Ľ⣬ǵѹסˡ
˥ۿɼʥĲʱϵĽ⣬Ҳֻһ㵭ˣһɫĹһţء
֮ܰ
ϵĿһֱͣڷϣʥʼһֱϸϸĸӦеı任̶ȣǿǿȣں̫ˡ
ԽԽھοɫ
벻ܹƿôһ졭
СӣԺ·ҪԼȥˣܰģֻôˡ㣬һҪϼµ۾
䣬ϵƺ͸¶ĳ־֮⡣
ģӨӨ֮۶ɵĲӰˣƺ뵽鵱УĹԣҲԽԽΧĿռ䶼ǱյһƬ֮ɫ
ֻǣЩһʥеķȴûпֻվһԵСȴǿ״ʯһĨ˼ƺЩʲôȴûб̬Ҳû
ৣ
һֱӾײ˷ƵĶͷϣû˽ȥټʧӰ٣ûдڹһ
ʱȻܹоͷһ״ȴܷĳ鿴ңҪǣзڣʲô⡣
ৣ
ŷʧˣǶŵСҲˣһĨƣһһĨһ˷ƻУȥˡ
ʲô֪ܿ˰ɣ

Ҳ֪ǲΪƿеԵʣ֮ʥٶȱǿ࣬ǰ쾧Ѹ٣ңҪںϻ˷ʱ䡣
ԣڶ̶̵İʱڣеİɫʥͱĲˡ
ˡ
һưɫ뵽֮󣬶ʱٴδתŵУҲǺХһԭڵ֮ļΪ֮ɫʥɫҪϢȴǸӵĳ
Ǽǵ˻ɫһǳˮһ㣬תϴӸÿһ䣬ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһϸΪֽɫϴӣϵĽȥҲһ㵭ɫĹ͸ˡ

Ǿκһĳ쳹˾Ǵ嫺һ˳䣬ݻ硣
һ̣ռҲǺˮһ΢΢ţƺǳزĴһ
ꡭ
Ȼ䣬ͻأɫĹâͫռбһֱ֮ǽ֮ϣޡ
һ˫ɫͫףģȴ͸¶һ̳һΪӳһǿƣ˸ֱ֮ӡ
Įţûае¶һ˫o˫ͫ£еһУ˫ͫڶһĴڣԷ
ǿ󣡡
ƻعڹڵ֮һ𶯣˫ֻĶȭͷ΢΢£ָ⣬ưɫƶɢĵĴ
ô£
ûüϸȥӦǿȵʱ򣬴ģӳһɼµĻȣֻȣõƺҲȼ


1236 
ĪȣأѸٵ˳һ˲䣬ƵǾܵ˾ҵĳͱûԭԭĮһеڣȻǻһĳɫ
ˣ
ƱѹסҸ⣬ţɫ䡣
Ѿйξ֪ÿһںϲͬԵı׶ˣҪʼˣ
ս
һƱǷתսҪɢעȻܹȫѹסǣȴҲһ˿Ǵڡ
ʦ𣿣
һУתͷɨӴѰϵټֻǣȴûпĴڣʱ΢΢һ
ʦ𣿣ʦ𣿣ʦ𣿣
ϵĺţȴǵòƺѾ뿪˴һ
鶼ˣѵʦѾ뿪˲ɣ

ãѾȲˣ
ܿģƱ޷徲˼ȥӿϵадвתǸס
˵ԼҪȥôͱҪصŮӲУ
ҪѣַȴЩ
ŮӶǾ㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬˸һ˿覴
ǿһۣƱǸоаǻɽһͽ޵׵Ԩȥǿڣ緢ɫ
авã̫߹ԼҲ͹ֱ׶˵Ӱ
ʵ಻ϵаټǰ˵ľɫܹǿסȥѾ൱Ĳˡ

ƽ۾סĴϢţϴ죬вϵٶȣҲѰҪ֮ࡣ
УԲеģ
вϵ߶ţֻǣȴû𵽶ãɫҲıаڲϵĲʳǡ
ѹȥ
תսԵս壬Ϊһǡ
ܵȥˣ
۾ѾǳһƬħ˫ͫһ˸ָڣ˿һҲĸꡣ
ûԥ󲽵˸̨֮ϣǾס

Խǽӽһصıǿףõĺļǿµܹȼˡ

ֻǿһǾգƱӶһһǶʧˣæ۾ٿˡ
ǶһĥǶ˺üûԷˣһȷԼǰмܹ͵סȥԵģ
ڣŮӾǷƵҩҲ֪ǣȴǲԼôȥ
ƾŸ֪Ƽѵ߽ף˸ǰĺ˼֮۾ûֱӵͷ׵УֱӾͳż䵱˸žӨС췽ȥ
ϸ塭
ָоȫɴ˷ĵףһֱţ۾ڳ쵽ûаɫҲݺݵ˱ԣӶаڷҵȼţûǡ
ڴͬʱһڿȵҲӷƿж˾ŮӾӨСڵС
Ļض£һŮȻʼĻģҲǾϣȻĨ糺ɫ˼¡
ֻǣһЩ΢Сı任еķƣȴûע⵽˫֣Ҳ֪и˾Ůһ˫˵֮ϣϵĶţǸеԶĴУͣҪһĶ
Ϊֶȴõԭûб任ľŮӣҲļǳĽëҲ΢΢Ĳ
Ǽѵǰס
Ҳ֪ǹ˶ãҲһͣҲֻһӣôȻȻģҲôͻأģŮӾ۾
һ̣ƺʱ䶼ͣ
һ̣أĹ֮ȻʧɫΨ㡣
ڣ˿̣źܶĶڣ˵ڻתҲ𣬵ǣһУģȴͫȥϵģ峺ûаʣӤ˫ͫһ
š
ϴĸָоõŮӲɵСɵıһҲʶģ˵ź֣ס˷ƵĲӲĻӦ
ֻǣʶĶڷƵϸһͰ֮ͣΪʢȼѾ˷״е뵽֮ڡ


1237 
š
ޱջĵɰŮӿдӨС΢΢ſ³ϢԭѾʱҲ΢΢ıϣĽë΢΢ţ΢յڷֳˮ⣬ԣȻҲѾԵУ԰ˡ
ڻѾеķﻹܹ͵סҪ˺Ůѩɫȹȥȡܡ
¡
һ׾ըԭβƵͭţһը쵱ֱӾķˣƬɽǽϣǣϵĻؽЩڣƵı˺Ƥһ׺ۺӡ
ţ
ʹõԭеķƣȻһĨѣ΢΢Ŵ̧ͷӡڵģһεӰ
ɡ֯ˣ
ͻı任õķٴλָһЩǣɿ˻е˶һ۶ħһģӾӵվ
˿̵ԵļΪı壬ĳſ񱩵һͷ˵ҰޣɫǺ죬¹ڲһѪ͹˳˫۾ѵľһħ
ɡ֯˸ԭǵĮɫڣ˿̶ǳŲ˼ɫ
һˣѪˣ
һۣǱж˳
˻
ǵԣ˿Ҳɵĵһ
⴦Ĺ˶£ôܻл˵Ĵڣ
ѵˣ
ǵǶȻһֱӶ
΢֪һЩ⴦Ĺǣ㶼ǻ𣬷ǲһֻˡ
ϾʱӳϢҲǺܴ˱壬Ұ޾֣Щ֮
ԣһʱҲ
Ϊֻεġ֡ϣǸܵһļµĲ
ҲΪƵڵŮҲĴԵ˹Ľë峺ĿֱӾͶ˷ƵϣͫɫһЩԻ벻
˭ģˡѵҡ
ɨܣһУԵüΪİ⣬һӤһûаʣ߻ͣ˷Ƶϡ
ˣ۾ĵһˣңƺ˫֮ڷܵĹϵԣȻȻģǽƵΪ׽ˡ
ǱʶðеۣüΪϤƺӦôƺԷҲ֪ΪΣбǷһůڣҲһ˿˿صɣҸ֮⡣

ŷվҲվѩ׾Өֱ֣ӾץƵƣеΪ飬ǻݺҲɽˮƢ
һУȻ
һѩ׵ȹƮյĶ֮ϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴ãһŮµ
ʱ£Ϊɫ
Ϊ̬
ˮ֮Ϊ顣
֮Ϊ͡
֮࣬Ϊ
˿̣ǡɡ֯ˣǸŮӣڣҲһĨ޵ɫӸʢôһ˲ʧһ̣е˼ǱһӰռݣûĴڡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣԭУ԰εķƣ֮ȵļ䣬ͻأģһĨõһѣ
㡭
Ůһλ׺һͤͤԼߣǰٻʢЦȻ䣬һȣٴʳǡ

͵һ飬ԼƣĿҲתƵһԣȥŮӡ
ѰƾԣҲܹסĵ׵ļ¶ǣԲڣ
Ҳ֪ΪΣĵȴЩ˫ŵĸо
ĸоõķƼٵҡҡͷٴηսңĿҲͶſڴġɡ֯ϡ
㲻Ҫ𣿡
˦ֱۣŮ΢΢Щ죬ȻУ˱ݣǱĸСһõķвɵһǷĿ⣬ٴο
ϣ
ͳʱɡ֯˶һۣǳŸ̨˹ƣǸŮӣԵľŮӡ

Ǵ֮£ƵĸӦҲǼԣԭͳڣǳ˱ǣһѪĻȡ


1238 սɳԱ
ӡ
˫죬³ĵ
¡¡¡
ּ̧䣬ֻɫĴӡֱӾ۶ɣ󣬱ǻɫһ㣬һ֮ܵһ̫սһ㣬һɺ嫵ѹֱӾշ˹ġɡ֯ˡ
顭
죬һ˲ڣ˱Ƕߵķһķ˳ȥǰУʺѪ
͡͡
ײǽ֮ϣǽڶЩ΢΢Ķſڣ˽һѪٿǸ̨ڵǵӰʱǵڣһƬɫ
ֻɫ֮£ǸоضѹˣжȻһɲɵǲ̵ֻ̬֮£۵һ˲ڣͱֳշԼϵ´ڣһ̣ǵᱻշڣڡ
ôܻˣ
һӵһУȴǴһЩ
ǿǣָδ֪ҲЩ
ѵǴǸʱˣ
Ůµ˫ͫڣ𺳵ɫûȴȥ
أǰӦ֮ڵģôˣ
мǸӣ֮µɫȴһƬࡣ
ûԼ겻Ļ
һУûгƵ֮⡣
ȻЩǡɡ֯רΪ˶Ը϶ѡģǣڵɲǷܹˡ
ƿصĿɲ֮ںϣ߲֮ܣ
뵱֮ƾһ֮½ϴºպȻ˵δ޵УһУǣܹѹ֮Ĵڣ
ûУ
ǵʱʢġɡ֯Ҳȥ
ȻҲ⣬֮䣬ȴûн֣Ȼֳܷߵ
Ѿƿ߲֮ƿķƣ֡ɡ֯ĳԱܹ˵ģ
˿̣֮ڣԵսڳ壬ͨ죬͸¶һǳǳĽɫΣϢӿһϹħһ£
ţ
ƲȥԵľŮӣһͳĻԾףǳšɡ֯˳ȥ

⻰Ȼǳ˱壬ûа֮⣬ǣŮȴ⻰ﵱе⣬ʱԭڣԳһЩЩɣˮ
֪ΪΣЩϲֱ˺ǻĸоиҪϧ
ϻ֮
мǸӵͺһ˫󶯳һӡţڣȻһɰϢϯϣγһˮͰ׳Ĵ̬Ǿ֮ϵ·Ʋ
¡¡
ͬʱߵһһŮһһӡһɺƴϢ𣬶뵽֮ڣʱϢ΢΢Ķ䣬ռж쳹һ֮
ϵĺΪһ˲ɣɣϢʮֹ
ϻ֮ҲͬѰ

Ѿɱ˹мû˿ԥ˫ֲϵӡŴҡҷŴ׳ǳŷײ˹ȥ
ƣΪˣ߼䣬ϣΧĿռҲˣһ·˷ˣҪշ顣
ǣ
Ǳ״̬ķƣ˿ֻҪй죬ĨѪĻȣԣĴײȻû˿Ҫܿ˼ȭͷͷ­

ƾȻӲԼĺϻ֮һĨâ˫һѹ΢΢̧׼䣬ǴźХ֮ŷƺȻ
ȭ
һͷޣûһ㲻ãʮػˮᣬȻı
̣
ȭͷͷײм䣬ͻأģ쳹һըţһۿɼľɢ˷ϯǲһĹ󣬺Ȼı˿
ǰľƶ£ƱȺˣڵϻʮ׵ľ룬һţŶΡ
棬мӸңȻδ飬ǣȴҲ˻ǰľƿطΧٴײǽϣٴһѪؿڸǾûʹ
𣡡
ȻˣȴǸӵ˷ƱͺһһŶأٴֱӾٴγɱ˹ȥ
Ҫйݺݵķй
ģ⾿ʲô
ƾȻûܴɡ֯ɫǱļΪÿ˿Ҳֻܱˣ
һʱڣˣȻǱһѹŴ򣬼ûз֮


1239 
ԭŵĴڣ˿̣ȴ첻ϣһХǵһĻռ䣬һ̶ƿ˾
˿̣ѰڣŰľ磬ܹ׵ո߽ҲԲɣ
ڿĴڣһűϢħӣһභ˫һδβϵײţЩаľ磬Ǵײ֮䴫
Ǵ֮ϣվһλ°ȹľŮӣһʤѩľѣӯӯһգηأüɽ˿ͷ˿ͬٲ㴹£˵һ˼ɫλá
ʱ⣬ȴһֱħϣˮڣˮⷺԣ࣬һӣԼɷһ
ΪǣЩаľȻ˿Ӱ첻Ĵڣѩ׵ȹҲ˿δˡ
һеԭƺһģɫĹεԵʡ
صĹΣƺܵϮʱȻȻĴӳģȫڣȥһλŮһĳǳֳ֮£ϣȻҲû˿Ļ̻ɫ
ҲΪ̶ֳȵĳ棬Ϊηһ
̡
һҵһſڵأһ󶶲ţϵĹҲ˲٣ڡɡ֯ά£ǿٵĻָ˹Ѹ̧ףƲ

ƼٵĴϢţ죬һѪ͹ԣʱڵĳ죬ҲһЩȴȥ
һʱķйñ࣬Ҳʼϵ
⡮ɡ֯˹Ȼ˵ãȻܹסôһʱ䣬ɼǵĲ
СӣٲȥȵĻǼС˾Ҫˣ
Ҫٴγȥʱ򣬷ϵͻأԺ쳹Ϊѵ
ʲô
ƵĶʱһͣƴʱͱײ˳ȥ˵̨Ŷ˽Ų
˴Ϸ򡭡
仰ϵȥɷҲûлӦ

ʱڵĳâٴŨ˸ּҡ
׶һ֣һֱڲ岻УȻԺˣʱǷϳѣľѾˡ
ߣ
һ˾ŮӵƣǳŴȥ
ߣ
мһĨ⣬˫ֻӰϵӡͷǸΪ֣ĳŷײȥ
ˣ
ҵ·ƸǴŭ۾Բɣһּ̧䣬ӡ۶ɣһɫӡǹշ˹ȥڴͷ­ϣֱӾͽ֮˻ȥصײǽ֮ϣɢٷֻ֣ӡˣǡȴѡĶܣȻӲ
ң
Ʋûȥ׷ᣬ˱ĻǾŮӣӳ˴Ϸٵȥ
ס
Ȼаѹȥ˺ܶࡣ
ݷԣԵһͷʾޣʵӦûӦĹ
ԣƲǺΪż
ꡭ
һ⻮ת۱ʧ¡ɡ֯˻ڴ֮ڡ
ҲѾɱɡ֯ĳԱǣʱȴҪ롮ɡַ֯Ȼڵ˵ȴûжĺô

ˣǿŷȥڣɻһĨļࡣ
ܹΪǿĵˣǿ󣬲ܹ˵ģϵ£ͱˣ
ѣ
վмһ£˶ǿٵѰŮ˫һ磬ǽϣذϣÿһʯϣƺҪҵһЩ
ûУ
Ҳûзʲôߡ
˽վмӻ㱨
ټĴڣκζҲûʣ£ΨдڣǳһսҲ˿δǽϣһϸ΢ĺۼҲû£ľȥʲôҲûзһ
ৣ
һ׵һԣԣϸĴףƺҪҳЩʲô
ֻǣעҪʧˡ
׿ΪѰûκ쳣ҪָʱȴǷ֣ףѾؽһһ
Ϊ˲ܣҲûм֣ջ˷ϵơ
ѵ鱻ˣ
Ŀٴɨ֮󣬶ʱµɫͱļΪڣâ˸š
׷
ͺһ֮Ǵͷŷ뿪ķ׷ȥ


1240 
ڷͻأʧ֮Ů˵һȰο֮£Ҳֻܸżˡ
ϾⷽڵޣȷЩֲû೤һξ룬ǱѾͷޡ
˵Ĺ£Ǻܿľƽˡ
ȻƲڣǣԪˣǿ֮йɱѶȷڵʱԸΪɡ
һ˱˳ŹӵĸӦŹԪǼ챦ķƽ
Уǰˣ
ԽԽӽĿĵصʱѩĮȴͣ˽Ųһصĸš
ΪΣ
תʵ
ǰƹд״ڣǴȥٲ֮أ
ѩĮһ£˵š
ɲҪԼȥЦҲԸȥðգ
ף
ôһ˵˵üͷرǹԪˣ
ѩĮʦڴףԲܿģһ·˶Ԫˡ
һ·ҪûѩĮĻߵĻӵļࡣ
ʱѾҪﵽĿĵˣȴִ֮ףԾǴǵĿ꣬ΣյľڣҪȥǿֻ»׶༪٣
ȴõĹԪüͷ
ǿûԼ˽ĹڵĿģʧȥôͬ飬ѵѾĿĵˣȻΪǴףҪ
Բԣ
ˣڶһĨ֮⡣
ûԤϴĻǵĿĵأӦһͷʾ޳Ѩ
ǵɫѩĮȻУ΢΢һٴ˵һ˵Ļ
ʾޣǵľ磬󾳽磬֮࣬ǹӣ˿ҲɵĵһڣһƬȻ
Ȼ磬ʾޣǸУ˵վˣÿһ׵ǣ˿ȴУ
ΪǵΪ磬ɶѹ۷ľ硣
ǿּǿߣǵһͷξ̶ȵޣҲԸĹǶģһҲܹסһʱ䣬ǼһˣֻҪϵĺãϣնɱǣʾޣȴٶȿһ󾳽磬һˣ޷ˣԣˣǳĬˡ
Ȼ˫֮ѡʱϣһľȴûҪȥ
֣ǾΣ
Ĭ֮л׶ǶŹʵ
ϾǵҲôˣ˵ҪǷҲǾԲܵġ
⡭
ɨһΧĸԪˣھ֮֮Ҳǳл׶˵л֣ھͷͷжɣȥѰҷ֣ȥѰ챦Σ
˵ʲô˻أ
⻰һڣ¹ص۾͵µһ壬Σյʱôǵȥأ𣿣֣ǿǻôأ
һ·ϣǹ˿·ǵȷɵߵ˿̣ڹӵѵʱȴȥǳֻܹͬѵ޳Сˣ
л׶Ҳ뵽㣬Ȼ֪ԸͷʾޣǣȴҲûԸԼҪһСˣ
¹ز˵ʵڵģл׶ЩҪӦֿˡ
ڣǻӦֿߣǾСˣңӵһȣЩգ
ǰ֣ѣһܱȥҪá
л׶Ҳ˵ˣʱж
ǡ
һ̣ǷһЩж
Σûˣ
һ̬Ӧվ󷽵ѩĮüͷֱӾˡ֡
Բһçײˣ˵ʵڵģʲôСˣ˾ӣ˵ҪҪǣܹߣĳ䣡
˵ôϻˣھȷһõķʱҿɲ޿ڰ
л׶ǰȥŹӵؿھһͷ˵
ãǾ͹ˣ
һʢ飬ӵҲǸˬ֮ˣһڴӦ
ţǱǿʼƶһķ
նɱʾޣԾЩʵʣԡ
֮˸סͷޣɸл֣ȥ޵ĳѨн챦ȡǾΣ
һ֮󣬹ӱһܽᣬƻ̯
֣ǡ
ģȻնɱסûģ
˵š


1241 ͭͷԳ
ͷʾ޳ѨһԼİҵĸɽİ䣬һЩⲻʱĴǳѨΧݲһƬڣȻǾ˶ĺ濾űģңҲΪͷʾ޴ڣһƬ򣬷Բ֮ڣ˵ޣ񣬶ڣⷽһƬĻš
ʱ޽ΪǽĵڣȴӭһȺߡ
վˣ
Ƭ֮󣬹ӱͣΣתŮ˵ţҽĿϣȻᣬ㲻ʱɧһͿԣмḬ̄Ȼ޷˿ҲסĽŲ
ţ
˵ͷ
ԼʵȻģǣҪһͷʾޣȴû˿ġ
ӵ޵ĳޣǼӵһ׺ϻ֮ס޵ĽŲû⣬ǣĹޣ޷Ļôȼˣȴûа취ס޵Ϯɱ
ã
ӵ˵ͷҲûٶ˵ʲôǶл׶˵ͷж˽֮л֣ȻǱ޳ѨУȡ챦
ĺˣСǰúõģǿҪСˣ
¹ű֤ţⷬһ˵õ˶Ϊ֮Ŀˡ
һ˵׻ˣʵƻ˵ԹΪףԵķҲģˣûжΣա
ѩ֣ǳɹ֮󣬻Ҫָһ·
󣬹ӽĿڶѩĮϣΪ˵š
ѩĮܹδ֪ʦǸӡ
š
ѩĮɫЩ̫ʣֻǵĵһͷû˵ڣһƬǿͼ
еѡԲǣʵҪⷽ޺еڴȥʵ̫ˣһԣǲӦҲôӦһҪֵŬ磬Сѱ
ߣ
˴һк֮󣬹ҲûйԥĸԪһͬǴ޳Ѩȥ
󡭡
ǵοڰҵʱΪǹɢϢŻâĳѨڣǴһĺ
ৣ
һϢ֮ڣһͷ׶ߵľԳǴǳѨ֮ӳΣһ˫Ӱֱ۴ڵϣĴЩ΢ôڳѨڳ
µƤëǴһЩɫֻǣͷϣȴںһƬһһ˸Ž⣬һ˫ںڵӣǳ˱壬ƵڰյĹˣֿĴڣ¶һڰɭɭݣһݿֲϢ
ͭͷԳ
ֻһۣӱϳǰԴʱɫһ䡣
ͭͷԳɲһޣȻĹܲǺֵǿģǣٶȣȣȴûжܹ֮ġ
Ԫ󣡡
Ҳûԥͺһ֮˱Ǹվһλ֮ϣγһֵͣţǱǸһͬӡ߶Ź϶ɬģ˲䣬һɾĴƣʹֱ齨ģȻһӴľ˳
¡¡¡
Ϊ˵ĳͣΧĿռǱһ֮ʵڵһǿ󣬶翡
ǹԪһĹԪ󡭡
л׶Ҳǵһμʹ˾ڲɵĶһĨп𾪵ɫ
Ԫ½ǲ֪ܲ˵ҲǹԪһľʵԽߵʹܱԽƾܣԪ岻֪˶ٸַǿС
󡭡
Ȼ˵ԼȨͭͷԳʱŭˣһ˫һֱۣŽ½ڵһ壬Ӵӱڿնôһ˫ֱۣӳȥ

ڱһ⣬ӡƵ󶯣ˣҲ¡¡ĶȻЩޱ֮УǣȴǴױȵľ޴ȭͷͳĳͭͷԳ˹ȥ
̡
ҵײһ𣬶ʱǴ춯صըϯ˷󾢷ŰΧڵľɽʯԱɨɣڣľмʯ׷䡣
ͭͷԳȻˣǣȴҲܣ˹ӣǶǹѪ
ˣ
ӵϣ˱ͣĳһȥ
жˣ
˽ͭͷԳߣл׶һ¹һͬȻĳǴѨӽ


1242 ռ
¡¡
սڼͭͷԳһ·׷ϮŹ˶ȥһһεԪ۳ľײһΧһƬǽľ
վں󷽵Ҳûͣš
Ԫ֮ͬʱͭͷԳʩѹǿƳͭͷԳڵһСΧ¶ȣƮѩٶȡ
ʩӷײ֮ǰǻһףӶõĳͭͷԳƴʱãܹ֮ԡ
Ҳ˵ΪĴڣֻƾ˵֮ԪҲԵֿסͷѾʾĳͭͷԳ
ͳߣл׶¹ȴǳûӽڵĳѨһ·أûбͷѾʢŭĳͭͷԳ֣ҳһΪԣµĻᣬ˳ɹĴĳѨ֮ڡ
еĺ˳˵ȴû˿ϲãɡ
ͷͭͷԳɲôӦĹģĿǰľ磬ٶϣû취֮ȣ
˵ǳɹȡ˹Ԫ챦֮ҪҲǼѵģҪ¡
ҲΪߵĴսȴҲ˲ٽ뵽˵ע⡭
ǹԪˣ
˶ǾȣԪΪҪȥͷԳŭ𣬲ңҲʼ
ҲһЩѡ˱á
ΪͷԳԿȥͲǺǵġ
һˣȻҲע⵽ˡ
ԭʮ˵Ķ飬ʱȴֻʣ°˸ˣ
ɼͨڣҲ˺صĴ
ߣ
һֻһۣǵͷһȥ
Ѿʧˣ
ףЩļһ
һתͷʱȴǡ÷һˣʱھһĨɭȻâ
壿
⻰ֱӶס˳ָڣʱ
Щļһ
һЩҧгݵ˵š
ֻ޺ʱΪƵռ˱ˣȴûȥԼǰΪļ޻
ܴˣô죿
˶ǿܣȴ´Ͷ֡
ȵȣȿ˵
ΪûзַƼˣҲû嶯ͺһһӣǱԭأԶԶĹۿ˵Ķ̬
ǺڰԪˡ
Ĺ۲죬ǱǷһЩߣʱɵЩ졣
ѵ˫ˣ
һ˵ʱõһ˵ɫɫ׽ӣò
˫ĳԹѾˣǲݣ˾ȻԪҪ˫ٴǿɾûкùӳˣ
˿̣Ԫ۳ԪܣǿǿˣԲڵܹ˵ġ
ңټԵĻǾ֮ˣ
Ԫôϣ
аѣһɫĵˮЩܼˡ
벻ͨΪǿĹԪѡϣ
ν֣һ˵ʵҲ˽⣬ΪԪѡһϣȷҪǿĶࡣ
ʱҲǹԪˣˣȴֻԶ΢ĸһѣûжô
ףˣ
л׶¹شӳͭͷԳĳѨӳʱ򣬱ΪǷˡ
֣
л׶ǳ˳Ѩһξ룬ǴһѣһѩĮָ£һʼ롣

һĨϲɫҲûսʼתƷ
УǲûгԪѸٵӶţͬʱСĵķųͭͷԳϮ
ѵͭͷԳĳѨڻʲôɣ
Χ˶ǿһЩ·ܵȻ
ܴˣô죿
űԳ׷һȺˣһӶʵ
ߣ
һһĨȻǹԪҪǼϣҲԹˣ
ߣ
ǹһĨĻȣ˲ͱĸǣ󣬻һӰ׷Ϯȥ

ΪͭͷԳ׷ţ˵ٶҲ첻ˣϾҲܲ˹ӵˣҲֻϣͭͷԳܹ׷Ϯˡ
ৡ
ƿ쳹һų˶ĵ׳ǰʱɫǾ䡣
壡
һ˵ɫʱЩҰס
ٺ٣
Ǳɫжʱøʹ죬һųϸһĻȣѴӳͭͷԳѨó챦Ȼ
룡
شģл׶һĻ
ףЩһҪģɲЩ챦ѣ


1243 
ΪܰסǴ粽ѽңΪƲڣһ˸Ǳĵ
ô£
ǱסɫҲǾ䣬ʱϣųͭͷԳ˷
ֻǣΪû˵ĸ˱ǱԳƵǱѣһҵײ֮£ҲһѪ˲СĴˡ
ˣ
ŭգǲޡ
û˺һ֣ôȥͭͷԳ׷ϮڣΪ˸˵õȴ˾޴ΣУ˫᧿Σ
˸ܲ˳ͭͷԳȷĴֻܱĲסˣܴƸǲϵļȥ
ܣֻǳˣ
˵Ȼ΢ҪǿҲòȥ
Ȼ࣬ǣȴеľ񣬶ʱܹսģҲֻл׶˶ѣ
˶ϰˣ֪
ǰ˸ԸΧĽǶȣ˽дõæӦл׶æңӦиġɽڣͱˡ
ǵȷʧˣûнЩΪؿڣԲ־֮¡
Ȼ춯ҲԶһЩ˵ע⡣
Ȼûж֣ǣȴҲûѡȥǵ˼֪ҲҪȵ˫һ̶ȵʱٳˣ
̡
һը쳹۳ľˣڳͭͷԳһػ֮£ȻˣҲǸƼһڱ˳ȥһѪܴأΪҡ
󡭡
ͭͷԳ״ʱԴ󷢣ĴܶţһӰ̣׷һˣһ˫۽֮ץסֱӽ֮˺룬Ѫ׷䣬ȾһӳĵĸֲһͷħһΪ塣

Ļӵ۾ˣ˺ѷΡ
Ϊ˺ӣһܡ
󡭡
ǻûзӦʱ򣬳ͭͷԳٴӶ׷һˣǹԪӣǰûжķ̣ٴα˺鵱Ѫ굱䡣
ֻϢʱ䣬ΪԪƣ˱ɱӵҲǲסļš
˶޷ˣˣ͸ˣֻһ֮£ͻᱻԣǸȥӲˣ
֣
һзĸţʱõܵɫ䡣
ǽͷͭͷԳǹҲ޷⣡
ߣ
ȻʲôôҲû̵ǣҲ֪ȥûκκôǷ˹һȥ
ˣ
ҲĿǰƣ֪Ѿû·ˣϵıǳ˹
ֻǣǵٶȣôܹʾĳͭͷԳأ
Ӵˣ˰ɣｻˣ
ԪȴûƶŲͣھǾ֮⡣
֪Լ˾ڽˣΨΪסͭͷԳƬ̣пܻ
ȥɣ
˸ӷӦĻᣬӡΪ岻ٵӿ

ھѪ˿Ҳòˡ
ʲôˣôҲᱻڵС
¡
һͨը죬װȻ쳹Ԫը쵱Уȴǻһҫ۵Ĺâһ˲ֱӣһĢһ𣬳ĳͭͷԳϣ޴ϫϯֱӾͽը˳ȥѪ졣
ʱ̣ԪӣȻѡطԱΪסͭͷԳΪӮȡһ
壡
ӵŭⷽڻص˫ĿѪᣬھǷŭޣûг˵ķߣǳڳ׷ȥ
л֣һаˣ
Ѿűľģһٵ׷һ˶ȥ
ͷͭͷԳԲըˣǺǣԣȻѡ˽ˮһˡ
󡭡
Ȼûãëǽ壬µƤⱻεѪĳͭͷԳٴڿնһ˫ĿڣžŭĿ⣬ֱӾ˱ߵĹϡ
ৣ
ûԥģһӰֱ׷Ӷȥ߿һۡ
ô죿
ĻɫɷһƬĿⶼǷѩĮϡ
·
ѩĮһ԰ף³


1244 
ȻʱȻпΪӵĻˮѳͭͷԳ׷ϮǣΧڣɲ򵥵ֻгͭͷԳѣЩڰеˣղŵһжУǾԲܷŹԼһ˵ģ
ԣһͷʾػĶԲ򵥣Щ˽ĹеĿģǶᱦôܻŹ˺õʱ
˵ڵǣѾ˾УĹڵĶ飬һԽǸ
ҪǷھͺˡ
л׶̾һ˲ĿٴηͷͭͷԳϡ
֪ΪΣ˿̣УѩĮţǷڣҲܹ⿪ǰ
һֱǶϰԷΪңÿǿƲɽ飬ֻҪƳ֣Ϳӭж⡣
ϧڷȴǲڡ
ǽ뵽Ĺ統УôԵ޹ʵʧˣѩĮҲ㲻˿Ψһܹȷľǣƻţ
Ƹ磬㾿أ
磬ŮڶЩΣҲЩ
ηܹڵľǣͬʱҲֻ֪ԼѣʵԶҪȻпĶࡣ
ڣֻҪȵͭͷԳһȥôֵˡ

˰
ĹӾȻԼ߱ӶܵŵðȾܣаԥ
ԸһˣоԵģǣȴ޷ȥԹĳͭͷԳ

Ѿ״̬ˣͲ˼׷ĳͭͷԳȫߣɱˣʱ͸׷һֱ˹Ԫּ䣬۳һӡֱӸ£ͷ­ֱӺ䱬֮£Ѫ
ɱһ֮󣬹ӵĶû˿ͣͣٴ׷һˣͬӡѹֱ֮֮Ӻ䱬Ѫȡ
һ̣ǻΪ֮ȫûй˼ԼϵĴˣ׷һڣ͸նɱˡ
󡭡
ȷϮǿϢõ״̬еĹ΢һѡ
ô治İ
Զ뿪ܳһξˣӵڣǲʵɫ
ûΪԼֵܱ𣬻кܶû
ҲҪһ汳ģ
ɴһͣȫתԪ۳һӡƴϢӣѪӡ֮ϣʱӡϵٶȱǣңһЩɫ˱Ϣ
Ϣȴõ׷ϵĳͭͷԳҲɵΪ֮һͣǴŭһĨ̻̲ɲĿĹӡ
ȻղűԪԱĺܲңЩˡ
ȥ
ӡ۶֮󣬴ųɫӡûкĳͭͷԳֱӳʵߵܺ˹ȥ
쵰
ǹɾ޴Ϣշѹ˹ɫ䣬ʱµĸǷӿĻȳһ㸲ǡ

һȣϵıṆ̀۳һͷںڵĴ˫ĿϢ޴΢΢һ䣬һײӭĳӡ
¡
޴֮£ֱײӡһ棬ͷֱӱշţӡ΢΢һͣٴײܡ
ģǻӣϽ֣
ѣܿѪޱȣϣǻ֣̿ŲԶĸ˴ĿΪɲ

ǣ
ĸҲ֪ڵ㶼ͣΣ׷ȫ֣һΣлǣ׷ײѹĳӡ
顭
ըϣµĵ棬һƬǽ壬ľɽʯ飬һӣˣѪɣȥ
ֻǣӡȴҲ˱ըˡ
ɱҵģ
ںѪĴЦЩ

һͨĹâǴ̶Цصһ̾ɫҰ׵ֱȥ
Ȼ֮Ҳûˣ
󡭡
Щһ˲ڣͭͷԳȻûǰһıըоܵƭȻŭһ磬һ˫Ĵ֣ץӣҪ֮˺Ƭ

ӾȻԱûˣһ飬Ȼһ˿һҲ۲ֻĿųͭͷԳԼܷ

̶ƿԶʴ˹ϳһˣ˲䣬֮ⷽϣһɼΪ壬ǿ˷ﷶΧ


1245 ħ
һɼԵ˱壬һ䣬˿̣
ǶڰеЩԸĶ飬ͷ˫ץӵĳͭͷԳΪ֮һ͡
óͭͷԳܵΣգòͣ¶ɲĿ⴦ġ
һӣڷ裬һ˫һƬϢ˿뱩壬һħһĴڰУ¡
󣬻һλİŮӡ
ѩǧź֮£ȥ塣ȣӨܽسˮӡ
ף·ʳ˼̻ʵ弫伫ڷһƳһЦһһһһ¶Ϣ
ʹħϣڰԣһҪվŮӴħоȳĳ嶯
ʵ̫ˣһ㣬ߵģضȻʧɫû˿ԺĴڡ
ǿƵ£ҲףӾԲǣԣеļ¶Ǳڰۿš
ˣȻǴæķƣߵİŮӣȻλڵŮӡ
ô
ԶܸǿϢϤףڣһƬɫ
˽ƵˣңŴν֣ռһЩϷ磬ǣ˿ܵǿȴõҲЩ
Ѿһˣ
ָо֮£һСƺֻҪ΢һܹԼѹ顣
ʱɫɷף亹졣
ڸղţһֱҲƵټһӦĹ֮ڣĪĻԵʵŻ
뵽ȥªӳ鶯ţڣǼԹ޵Ĺâ
һμƵʱоƲһֻС϶ѣ⣬ͿԽֻ֮ǣȴͷĪħĹ֣֮СһμЩһˣһһ֣һץͻѪڣֻСϣȴǱһͷʨܹ׵ľ˺Լ

ǺƸ磡
Զһֱڹۿ߶̬ȻҲ˷ƵĴڣʱһ¶ϲӵĿ⡣
˵ĳ֣λһңžǿʵ
Ĳõл׶޲
̫ǿˣǿһΪµĵزѹȻõҵ
˹Ŀ£õǼȷǰǸƣ
𼱣
Ҫȥʱл׶ȴǣҽ͵ֵЩ̫Ծңڳȥܹ
˿̣ϵϢǰȫһǳӣ˲ұӣһۣҲЩĸ꣬ңͷʾĳͭͷԳҲûнȥ
л׶˵ĶԣǱ侲ܸƸң
ɨһܣƽһ˵
š
ѹеļ¶ڣˮ⣬Ŀŷơ
ǸŮ˭
һ룬ǱǷ˷ǸŮӵĴڣʱͼࡣ
Ϊ˿Ůƻǣֵģ
ʱŮڣͶһЩĶڡ
Ůӣʵ̫ˣҲ̫һʵʵڵŮһеĹ֣õŮҲЩ硣
ʵò˵Ӧǲ£Ҫԭ򣬻ΪŮϵֳʣʣһ޶
ȻŮûаһͨһǣ֪ΪΣܾãŮӣǱ濴ȥô򵥡
ΪʱûŮӵĴڣңǳĹУһͨˣ𣿣
ɫԣл׶ӣ˵棬ٿƵʱڣ˸Ľʺޡ
һôһ˾ôŨأ
ȻҲŮӾôģǣŷƵĿ⣬ŨŨ⣬ǸϹҲĳ
ƭһ
˵ˣ˿̣ʵĸ飬ҲЩˡ
Ȼˣһ˻ԭأûг嶯䡣
ôܣ
ڷƳֵһ˲䣬ѩĮڶʱһĨ˼ɫ
ԭľֵһ̣Ƴˣ
ôͻȻǿôࣿ
ϵţҪҳƱǿĶȴǷ֣ԼŬȴҲ˿˿
һиڵˣ
ѩĮĿڰŮ֮󣬸ٴ͸¶Īɫ


1246 
˴֮󣬷Ʊ˳ŷָķӣûжãŵ޺뱬ըʱǼӿٶȡ
֮ⷽϣһɨۼ䣬ǷµĹӣʱֱһ֣ǽ˹
֣
ԭĹӣͻأģҩԣԼڣǸоָ࣬۾Ϳ˷ƵĴڣʱɵľһ
ôᡭֻһˣ
ƴ˿ɲǺѣŨǲϵأ޷˼飬ǿѹЩ΢΢Ĳʵ
ǡˡ
⻰ⶸȻһ˱ˣǱݣ۾ʱͺҧгݣԹ޵Ļ³ˣǺҵֵǣ
ʲô
ĻһҲûȥԺ֮ڣֻһڲϵĻصš
ǡˡ
ģƵ飬һƬ죬ûа˿ɫǣڱĳֶţ䣬һɼ񱩣ǻصƣȻ䣬Ӷռ䣬˸ֲأˣޣһ̣Щ
ˣˣˣˣ
ƺЩʧǣ˾ҲʧһͫףΪĿնеţӳҲԽԽһħ¡
ǹּǿߣҲѹЩϢɫ죬˵
ڷ૵ʱ֣ƺЩʲôǣ˿̵ȴ޷ͣҲ
ˡûˡûˡûˡ
ŷƵı任ڵҲڷĳһɱ䣬ԣ壬һУ˸ָ
ģ˿ʹľ粻ϵıõһֱʹ꣬Ҫظݻٵĳ嶯
ǶûˡҪкã
ļΪ䣬û˿УɱϢĺι˵꣬˲һҪظĴ
󡭡
£ͲסģǳͭͷԳǿѹеļ¶һ˫˫֣ž˵ƣôŷ˹һ·ϣ·Ĵ֣Ծ٣ɽʯ飬ľм
ֻǣ֪ΪΣһ̣ае˶õùĲǷƣ
ɷϣʾĳͭͷԳϮ÷ƵһʱΣУ̧ͷľԳ
һ˫ʲôӰɫѪ棬ɱ壬и
ֻǣּǱҵ£ȴִһһľš
һһ
ĳͭͷԳһ̣жܵ˲ٵĳһҪͷܣΪԼϣһᣬһ˫ۻ֮¡¡ƣͷ
ʾޣɱ𣿡
ƳڣɼΪƽɫûа̻̣෴ģɱϢΪˡ
Ҫ㣬ǧУ
䣬û˿еĻУһһٵĻ³
ৣ
ţˣֻһŤΣͳ˳ͭͷԳǰţǱǿһǵһĻ
򣡡
Ժܾûжõһؼֻجج״̬ʹңһСķΧڣڳͭͷԳΧʱΧĿռ䶼ЩŤˣ磬һռ䣬ƿУͭͷԳĶȻʹ˽Ȼֹһ˫ۣƿش£ڿУĪĿ£ĶС
ͦ͵ġ
ƳڣһĨâԳɫεȭͷĳֱ֣Ӿͺ˳ͭͷԳ֮ϡ
꣡
һȭ֮£ţֱӾȥؿڴĹһϱڣԻʹſڣһѪڷƵϡ
һ˫ֱǰɣ
˿ЩƺĺΪƽʲôҲûзһȴôĳ
ৣ
ĳ֣ץס˳ͭͷԳһֻۣȻѸٵһۡ
꣡ꡭ
ѵֱ쳹ңһһƬռڲϵ쳹ƺҪĹȫ۶ϲſϰݡ
ߣ
ԶܿľͺһԵĸҪתʱȴǿ˫Լ


1247 
󡭡
ĲҽⷽϿ쳹ϢѪԼ䣬һѵУ˾Ǵɭ޵һ
ԭŰĳͭͷԳ˿̣ȴûκεķô˽ͷһһ飬˲ҽУûˣԭǽһ˿̣ȴǱΪһ̲࣡
˻
УĴ쳹һЩһ˫˫ڣǾɫĿĿһеķ
Ҫ֪һͷʾްĳ̶£ûǸܹסǣȴŰ⵱еķʵ̫ˣЩ޷ܵˣ
ôôǿ
Զл׶ҲĿɿڴһԵ¹ظӶҪɳˣϵɫǲ࣬ŮҲȥƽǰŮӵ飬߷˷ƵϣǾӨɰС죬΢΢źţ˵
ڸܵǹɲһǾ֪ƿ϶ǵõ˽ϴǣȴԶԶû뵽ﵽֲĳ̶ȣ
ʱڣõʲô
ѩĮһҲǹ𺳵ɫҲָܻ֮ǰĴݡ
ӷƻ¹ؿʼһֱעŷƣݲκζߵʱ֪ˣԻἫΪԣŻΪԼ׷ߡ
ֻȴܾˡ
ۿƵʵõ󻡶ȵе𺳱ֱӱˡ
ǿȣԽȽףֱǾףµ˼£ǡڡġɡֻ֯Ҳѵҳ

ܵĶһ۾ͱƿˣʱһɿ񱩵Ǿϯ˿ȥѹˣΧ·һУݻ٣ر飬ľɽʯ٣ڣѪɫĸֱ̱ڵء
һͷͭͷԳܹ׵ҪǵڣܹŰͭͷԳˣεֿ
һ̣Ǿˣ
ꡭ
ƿ쳹һۿɼˣ˲䣬ʹʳ֮ⷽϣĴ
һŮһķΣһߣԡɡ֯ˡ
ɡ֯ôˣ
ˣɵĶס˺ĪĿһĻ
Ŀǰ⡮ɡ֯ˣӦǳŷĲŶԣΪվĵطǷƵǰҲ˵Ǹ򣬶ңײ䣬쳹һ֮׹
ǹӣԶһˣһ̣üͷ
ɡ֯ˣԲǺǵģ⼸˿һǣ棬ܻšɡ֯һڵȴ
ǾǾǿܹȸǿߣ
ԣ롮ɡ֯˷ͻĻǾԲǵѡ񣬾ʱƿȥܹᲢۣ

ڽͭͷԳһ֮󣬷˫һֱӾͽһľԳֱ˺ѿѪȥԼϣҲմѪ
˿̵ҲǺΪһ˫ϾѪڷ裬³˱Ϣǰĸվġɡ֯ˣҲɵһЩĸꡣ

ƻƶһһĳ۽л˱壬ͬʱһӴſһˣѹȥ
Ϊֱˡɡ֯˵Ĵڣ
ƺǸܵ˰Щ˲ĪĿ⣬µɫļѿ
Ѿ֣ҲǰӣԲǺǵǣ˿̣˵ΪֱӾơɡ֯Ȩ˺Ժ󣬡ɡ֯½
˵ˣɡ֯̾ͻᱻΪЦ
ô꣬ȴǻͷβɡ֯Ҳһɢ
뵰
վмǸӣµŭȭͷҲקˡ
ϻ֮
ûԥһ˫ֱ󶯳һӡ֮۳һϢĴ
֪ν
оŭ𣬼ǻԼǰڣʱһĨâãǾȥɣ
ӡ
ּ̧䣬һɫӡ۶ɣһɽ룬嫺嫵Ĵƣ˲ӿѹһУ·ؾѡ
¡¡¡
Ƹûԥͽӡ˳ȥײɡ֯ˣҲͬʱƶǰȥ
̣
ӡײϣƽĺͶһʯ˻ǧأľХžϯ˷ƽһС


1248 Դ
¡¡
޴ϫϯɫΧһиǵƽڣĩһľľХԲ֮ڣһƬǽ壬һЩصĹˣҲǱеţæĺţܵˣǿģԭѾ״̬ǣֱӾǸƼһı˳ȥѪϵţһˣֱӾͽڣѪһѪꡣ
׵ģǡɡ֯ˣǸǲܣ˶Ǳĵ֮ԶԵһһŮ³ѪмǸӣµҲɷһƬɫΪÿ
ȻҲܵ˲ٵĳһЩˡ
Ǽֱ޷⣬Ϊ˻ڴ֮ڣΪܹӵǿʵ
ֻǣԾͲЩʱΪѾɱ˹
Դ󣡡
мǸӵϣһɢȥ˴֣óһ貵һֻֽ֮߾٣һֻֿʼӡ
ͬʱһԵһһŮˣվͬķλеﱬ⣬һҫ۵ĹϣʱͱһջҪҫ۵Ĺâõ۾
ˡ
һķ쳹һӵĴͼҫ۵Ĺ˳һɾ춯صĴƣƣҪ֮շڡ
飡
ڱеķƣʧȥǣȭͷһգһɰ۶ɣȭͷֱӾⷽµĹͼ
̣
ʮػǺˮһıҵĺͼ֮ϣһը޴ͼ棬Ҫ˺飬ǣͼ΢΢Ĳһɴ˫һ𣬾ȻһεĹŭеķƸǱ࣬ͼȴֻǱ˼׾ѣ΢΢Ĳ󣬱ǻָ
ֻǣͼ󷽵ġɡ֯ȴǲܣǾֱ۶һ󶶲㽫֮׳
ţ
ȻԼûк飬ŭеķҲɵһֻһɸΪǼӿ۾ٴγȥȭͷЯһ̶һͷԶ޸գٴγײͼ֮ϡ
̡
ľȭͷͼײǸ㣬Ѹ͵ıһۿɼƣµһУƽռҲˮһ
һΣûнⷽͼ˺ѣֻǣɡ֯еȴȥ࡭
һʱڣ˫Ȼסˣ
˻
ȫˣǲɳĵһ
ɡǸʲô֯ˣ⣬ˣжһ
һͳ½֯ţһἰɡû˿Ա򾲣
һУΪɡ֯ǿ
޺У˿Ǽɡ֯˵ʵˣǰĿֲû˸ȥΪС
ǣ˿̣֣ڵĳ˻·磡
һ̣ھҵĲš
֪ⲢΪɡ֯ʵǿǣǵĶ֣ʵ̫ǿˣ
ʾĳͭͷԳȫ飬Ȼ󱻵˺ĳ棬֣ⳡ棬ǾĶǡ
˵еನϯҲûжٸ˸˵ԼܹȻġ
һɡ֯˶סˡ
л׶˶Ǿÿڸ಻ѣǺһķţ޷ƽϢ
Ѿ֪Լд˿̵ˣ
Ƹ硭
磬ŮڶЩˮĲһ޷ļ¶
Լķÿһζôĳ˵֮⣬ÿһΣڱǿ
ģôܱǿ᣿
ԶܿƾȻɡ֯ԱԿӶҪɳˡ
ӣ
ʱ˿ֻ̣һͷûһʣ˴кǶԳԶȥ
Ƶǿõ֮Ķûˡ
˿̣һҫ⻷֮Ժɥ֮ȮһǱӡ
뵰
һֱķƼһĻپŭֱţּ䣬һɫľ޽͸УһһϢ£ΧĿռ䶼쳹һ̶ƿ
飡
Ծֳ־޽һħ٣ֱӳšɡ֯۳Ƿͼնȥ޽Ӷ䣬ռ䣬ǱնһɫĺۼҪ˺һƼ

һƤ˺ѵ쳹ⷽΪĹͼȻһ֮±룬ѿ


1249 
ͣ͡
ŹӴ飬ɡ֯еҲֱӱѿƸѪ죬ҲըµɫǱļΪ԰ףɫ̣޴ľǺһϯ˹е˱ϯڣ׷˳ȥУ³ѪǰϣԵü졣
ܣ
һȴӷƿ³أ쳹ԶҲɵһͷҲصĳǰţʲôӣԺ
Ƴ˴󣬷Ʋû确ɡ֯Ԥȥ׷ɱǣ෴ģǳԶ׷Ϯ˹ȥ
ʻڴ󺣵еһҾһΧĿռ䣬ˮһı־춯صĴƣ˷ˣɱϮȥ˵ܣڰˣɵһĲҪ
ãƵĿֻһǾܣ
ô£
ɡ֯˶˶񣬶ɵЩȻ
ǲŷ֣ԭƵĿԼˣֻԼ˴ڵλǡǵҪɱǸǰͷ˶ѡ
Ҳʲôԭֳ֮£Ƕûпܻÿ
ôг𣿡
ȥ׷ɱܣǲɻ
ΪƿǴģпܻʱˣ
ˣôܻڵгأ
ǲɻˣڶһƬãȻôҲڵô¡
еľǴں档
ΪԴȻƳˣ
Ѿ˵Ѫ˫֣Ƕһۣǿ˶ԷڵĲ˼顣
ԴΣһ˿̣Ȼܱƿ˵Ѿնɱǵʵ
ߣ
мһ˳ż׷ܣͺһǳԶȥ
ˣ
ıֶҲƳˣûܹסƣվȴűնɱԼ뿪Ĺ취
⣬ɲҪӣ
Ĺ֮ڣ󻡶ȵǵֶΣңΪҲʩչǣ棬ǾͲһˣ
Ȼˣ
ǵĶ¹Ӷɳۿз춯صĽǼһ
ɡ֯˽ֻ֪˶ԡɡ֯ãûܹáɡ֯õ˻ǰ½ϵĴ壬ҲԸȥһɷǡ
һѾԵĴ⬣û˸ȥǣȻԻΪ֮һѪ
˵ӡɡ֯ʹδܹ֮Ķӵˣ
ڣĿ֮£ԡɡ֯ˣȴǱˣ
΢һ˼ҲȻˡ
˲ߣǾԱɣ
㣬˶ǿС
˭
ڰˣжǲš
ˣǾȻ֣ǰӶ˵Ȼİƺûд˵¼
ܹߡɡ֯ˣ츳ܼ𣿣
ף񡭡塭
ʱ޺භЩˣģȥȴЩϤڵɫȴǾɲҺҵ¶ۡ
Ͼ֮ʵĲʵ̫ˣ

˿̣ƵѾ˻جУֻһͷڣǾҪɱ
ӹǵõ˱ɱϢ֮оֻһͷҪض
֮ǰȴǼǵף
ʾޣСˣ
ꡭ
ʶģ׷ʣ˵ʱеľ޽ڿռ仮İߣţ˱ǿѪſĳ棬˸סϵ·ֱӱƿ˾ͱ룬󣬱ľֱӽ飬һ̲Ѫ꣬Ѫȣʬ޴棬ڰľ
ɱֶΣõĺ˿̣Ǹεļסһӡ
һԲǵˣ
ৣ
źӰһһűһɱӰǰĵ·ϣõĽŲȻֹ

Ǻݺݵĳ鴤˼ΣһƬŲȻôҲСȶӶ΢Ĳţ亹졣
֪ԼǶ㲻ˣ
ȥ
ڱһĨĹâıǣһֱ̬ϮƵı
飡
ҲûתһȭֱӾͽ鵱˫죬ŸָӣֱֱܣĻţĵ˼
㡭ô
˵ʱܸȻķ֣ԼУȻŲ
ں£


1250 
⣬Ʋûлشǣ΢΢һĻȣڵĳ죬Ѫһ˼Ȼƽڣŭȴǻɽһ籡ţ춯أ졣
˵˶˵һ̣ԾͱˣЩ˼ɣҪأ
ৣ
ηĿ£һֻƶУ³ǵۣ򣡡
ţ
һɫˣǳϽɫϵһ߶ȵ͹
ţʼ΢΢Щվֱˣֱҡ˿ʼڵĹǷһ죬ܵĪѹһ
˿һɽڱϣԲűѹȳģǴ죬Ҫ򵹵ơ
򣬳˺ʳ֮󣬷ƾһֱûôʹãԭֻһΪԣֻзڵ̶ܳȳԷŻ벻ЧŻȻԷƱѹԷġ
ȴһˣ˿̣ƿѾƿ߲֮ܣܹ˵ģ
˵ʾĳͭͷԳҲʧأ˿̣ѹܣҲûκ⣡
Ҫѣǣ۳Щģֱֳӱѿǰĳǵû෴ģƤ϶ѿѪҡ
ҡɱңˡŹġ
ܵĳţж϶Ļ˵һЩвĻ˫۾ڣѾû˳ŭֻп־̻ڡ
û˻᲻رŵˣʱʲôϣʲôҫԲˣ
𣿡
ǵĻȸӵˣǳڣѪҲӵңһƴɢΧĲľɽʯǱֱӵķ飬ЩʯľмҲǱ˳ȥϴ糾մ
֨֨
ŷƵ£ܵɫǱʹؼһֻεĴקҪ֮󱬣ЩΣѪϵѿڴȴֱӱѪȥ
вԷ˵õģ˵ʱѾ˷״̬е
ģѾʹľѹ˴ӿа𣬴˿̣ޣռһУ
ޣԼûбԼŮˣԼˣ
ǷģһеһУΪġ
һ߼Ӵеһ߽ţĿһ̣ԵЩɲЩɭ
һĨɻƺʲôҪͣǣ˿̴ѹµ˵ڣһָͷҲ£ܵһɾѹȣоԼƺҪˡ
ڣǹ࣬⡭ܵ˼ǿѹЩΡ
ء
ûʱڱ쳹һЩʱ˵ƾͼٵȥطѿˣܹǰɭɭĹЩŤˣ
ҵ˼£ҪֶΣڰ궼Ϊ֮ԶĹӣл׶ˣǲ
Сӡ̫˰ɣ
¹ض˶ӣ˵ţƺ±Ҳһ
ɼС飬ʱҲܵǿҵĳηӣԴ֮ûжԷսƵĶС
ô죿
Ƹôˣ
磬ŮЩ죬Ϊηƻ˵ıѪȡ
ķƣõǲЩη塣
ⲻϤķƣǾãƾǱһһ˿̣ħһû˿ԴڣһУµֶζԸС
ǰĳͭͷԳǿǻĽ֮ȫÿһõķ飬ǡɡ֯˸ֻ»ôġ
°ɣ
ŷײеһ棬кǲһǾİŮӣţûдкֱ˹ȥ
ǸˣǷƣ
Źл׶Ǽٵʵ
ȻǷ֡
΢΢һǿ϶ĵ˵ͷ
ȻƴһʼȥЩ̫ԾǣȷţǷƱɣȻҲԼңǰҩԣҲͬɺϡ
ǺƸ硭
ŮһʱڶЩ޷ܣмǾϲǵǷڵ


1251 ú
ʱ˿̣ҽ޷ˣвϵŴڵѪ£ദƿһĿĵѿڣѪѸٵĽţѾһϢޡ
ֻǣƺԸôٵȥҪŲȥʱȴָһĨҩڣΪ޸Ĵˡ
б£ɱҰɣ
޸һε˺ѣܸˣֱ
ʱ򣬲̵ᵽˣԭϻбΪʹ飬Ǿܣ
úݡ
ڰһЩˣһƬкܶ˶ǻĳƬ±С
һ̣ʲô챦ʲô˵ҪˣҪǣԼܹ߳
Ƹôģˣ
Щ޷ţǸԼٰķ˿̾Ȼ˵Ŀ£˵Ѫ
֣Ƿʲô£Ϊλģ
˵ĿⶼǷ˹ϣΪֻйӽӴơ
⡭
üͷһһĨʹ̾һ˵֣Щʲô
ʱ˵˳
ΪҵǼֵܵԣҲ˵Ƕ˺ˡֻǺֿһֱں˵֡룬ӦλҲ˰ɡ
ôһͣٿƵʱŮڣû˻̻̣Ҳû˲еģҸ
ԭһУΪԼԵʡ
ڣǲ֪ԼڷеĵλΡ
ǡɡ֯ˣҲڵϣʲôģ
ǵķ
ڣôԶԶĿŷƣвɵҲЩʹ
ڵķƣڳܶʹడ
ԼǵõʧȥƵϢǾҲʹ
ҪȥҺƸ磡
ˮȭսᶨһۣ˱ŷ˹ȥ
ȥΣյģ
ѵЩǡ
ڵķϣŸָѾǸǵķˣڵֻһͷɱŰħôäĿĳȥǷһʱʧأǿɾҪɴ
ɱԼָֿо
Ի裡
û£
˶ȻһЦ۵ϣ
Ǽţʲô£ǾԲ˺Լġ


һһε˺ѣһһε޸ʹĴУһųļΪŤɲһ˫ڣȻѾûˡ
ָоڱһһεǧһ
ڵɵЩĽͷͭͷԳˣǱȫܹõһʹ죬ڵԼȴˡ
ˣ
ҲǰˣѾյǸˣһϣǾû취˶ĸġ
Ϊµǣʢŭ֮£ȴԵüΪ侲
ĵطʱڽ˲Ҿ徵飬ȴԵüΪ򾲣һ΢Сһ֪ʱʲôĲǴ¡
ɱҰ
ڵĴٴα޸֮ܵһ亰Ļţǰ̣ͱĲҽ͹ϵɽһ
һ飬Ű˱ѣ
ƾ˵ҳһ˵ţûа¶ȣ˫ںţ죬ܽеԽңǵĻȣԽԡ
֪ԼھʲôһƬجԽֲҽвԽʹ졭
ԣЩֲ˼ظŶ
Ƹ硭
΢˹˷ƶУ̣ǵǸȾͽҲɵһ͡
ણ
ΪɢȥѪܾôһĵڵϣٵĴϢţѪѸٵĽµظȾ졣

ƵĿûн࣬ѪĳͫԵЩͣૣһ̧ͷǿϤӰԼ˹Ǵ͵վţӦŮײ֮ϿȻ

ûԥ̱ҲˣֱӾͳŮ˹ȥһѱ뻳Уϵ¶ȣŸȷԼİļӣ
һϲãĵӿ


1252 
㻳ΨнŮıڻУŶԷ¶ȣܹȷ϶ԷʵĴڡ
ڣˮ˳¡
ʧ︴õĸоõһУҪԼȫȡһͣ
𣿣
ͷľżǹ˵ķ㣬ţסĶš
۾һжԼĻþҲֻҪһ۾һжʧ
ģпܻᷢģ
ս죬ηأǣ˿̣ȴηˣܺºܺ¡
Ƹ磬ǰû£
۾ǺģˮֱıۣҸ
һ̣ǾԼҸˣ

⾿ô£ѵǵʱǸ壿
˻ⲻ̫ܰô֮ǿʱΪնɱˣ޺ҲסŶԣ
⾿ô£ѵĹڵõĳִвɣ
ǰ⼸ĪһĻõЩڰе˷׷ײ󣬼һۣ
ǾǷĹڵõĳִУȻʵ޿ܱǣ
ʱһ˫˫۾ڣǳ뼵ʡ
Ҫǿǣһ뵽ŷһУ˶ɵĴһеļ¶
ħļһǾûʲô³
ߣȥɣ
ƽϢл׶Ҳŷȥ
жɵĸпţǿĿɲǷƣλɫŮӰǵǣûк³
һε¼ǸŮڷеĵλˣ
ۣ˭˭
;УλŮߣǶǱܿˣȥǾգơ
ˡ˭
ѩĮĿһŮӵıӰüͷھ˼ɫ
һ·ģŮӲǶ鵱УҲ˵ŮǷʧ֮ģ
һͨŮӣȻصĹУ̫ˣ
ҪǣŮӡȻУȻһһ˿һĶ㲻
ѵĹڵˣ
вȴǱ򶨣󣬲ûлͷȥŮӡ
ӲûƣֱһſڵϵȥһľܵĲǳԶȥ
ʱǴĲҽǵеںС
֣ң
¹ſɤӣһЩԾԡ
л׶סܶѾȥһͬĥˡ
̫ˣ˸ӣֱǰ·ϱư
ǷƼʱ룡
ڣҲǺܴ˵
ǣû£
һɤµģ΢һѣһɨۣǷΧл׶һˣʱһ

ǳһɨл׶ҲɵЩ죬зţǲģǱ㶼˿һЩ롣
֣û£ֻǣֵļֵܣȴǱˡ
ȵĸ鿪Ϊš
ԭ
Ƶüͷ΢΢ڣɫǺΪ졣
Ƹ磬ſǡ
˴ţЩζĿ⣬Ůɵߵ糺죬΢
ţ
дĴУʱõķĵ׵ǹаֱӾͳɵĵһ
ѹƲסˣ
һҲŮͣųǣǳԶȥ
˭Ҳ׼Ȼ˺
ԶԶģƴűϢĻ쳹Χ֮ڣҲõҪȥл׶ͣס˽Ų
ôˣΪҪͻȻȥѵˣ
¹صԲ۾ͷˮԵл׶
͸ȥ
л׶ûĵһۣ΢΢˳顣
һѵǸľôʡ
ұ֤ǸȥǾԻᱻƸ˺ˣ˭
Ȼ֪Ƿʲô£ǣƸղŵģǻѵһֻɫж
һô𣿡
ЩɻˣǣһĨĻȡ
һǲȥˡ
ôһ˵¹Щ̻̣ӣһ䣬ڣɻ

ڷŮߺǶվڰյİŮӵͺһл׶ʯı£ŷȥķ׷ȥ
ҡûɣ
л׶ĿһԵĸ顣
ǡ
ǸʵˣҲһĨĽ
˼ɫÿ


1253 ҷ
һڰɽ֮ڣʱĴһЩǷǵͺ컵Ϣ
ŮûзӦǱţһſƤڵϣ׵ͱưˡ
Ƹ磬Ҫ
һƬߺ죬䣬ֵֵסƵš
ȻѾǵһˣǣ֮£ɻǺܲϰߣ£ԵԼܵĽá

ܿģӨСͱƸˣһȵӷƿжɹʱǱЩ룬˫ҲתǱס˷Ƶ

һ˺ѵ쳹ϵȹǻһƬƬƬȥţһƬҫ۵ѩףǳڷǰ
𡭡
õķаʢһԭ治¿㾡飬ͺһΪǣȥ
һΣûǰǶһֻ֪ȡѩ׾ӨƤϣǸһӡǡ
ͦʱһĨʹҪƿƵʱȴǿ˫ӡ
֪ΪΣһʹͷЩᣬǵûƿƣ෴ģǽƱҽߵӭĽ
š
תСж϶ĴõһԵͨ죬תͷȥȥˮڵһĻ
飬ҲһĲϰߡ
ǣ֮䷢ȴõգһֵֺĸоȻˮԵУЩվˡ
òǺϴһİɣ
˼ɥʧǵķƣõһΣռҽڷ쾧ʱ顣
ķƣڵģ࡭
ãƸ磬ôˣ
૵Ļ΢΢һѣʵ
û¡
ſС죬û˵ʲôϽޡ
Լĵһξôֱĵȥˡ
ûŭ෴ģڣֳҸɫ

һˮһ㵴˽
˭
ͻأģڶȻһĨĵâһҲŶȥ
ã
һ㶣һǻڵˣһ죬첽ȥ
˭
ƿɽڵľʯǿһλɰİŮͤͤʱüͷһںʵ
ǼǵãƷųֵʱ򣬾Ůӵһġ
ܹǣ֣˵˫ĹϵԺܲһ㣬ңղǸƺ
΢΢һУЩƵɨǰİŮӡ
һ׵ĳȹקأеɽʵˣϸԲβ޳˫ȣһ˿覴ã΢ȹ΢΢𣬻Ļȡ
ңһɫĹλƣ·ݲʩۣ֬ȴѩ׾ӨˮӨӨˣӣ񹤾ĵɣЩϢ
˵ˣɫŮҲɵİһ˾գ׵ʣҲɵЩ硣
ܿģͻָЩŰŮӣڷһ
˾Ůӵջ󣬾ŮģҲЩܲסƿ϶͸ӵĲˡ
𣬷ƺֵʱ򣬾Ѿ״̬УȻܹ͵סѰԼ
ĵײɵһĨۡ
꾫
һ۰Ůӡ
ãǣ
ܿ͸˳ŮӸҲɵһ㶣ǿЩ޷޲ƽ硣
һֻ꾫
ѿڶӦȴѾ˵ˣһʱвɵЩ⡣
ҲŮƷһЩʲôҲ˵أ

ĿŽĿ˰Ůϣ΢ĴڲɵٴһĨޡ
˽ۣŮӸ޷ܡ
λʲô
˳񣬲ǶŰŮʵ
ҷ
ŮӯӯһЦ˵š

ֱӵĻشõɫֱӾͺڳĨǳǳĻҲΪ֮һĿ
ҲŪŮӵĴ棬ǹװģ˫ӣȴõΪ
㣬㿴
Щߣȴʾ𼱡
λķǷƸ磿
ƣ
ŮҡҡͷȻ˵Ҳ֪ʲô֣ҸӦɽ档


1254 Ī
Ůôһ˵𣬵ʱֻԼңһ·ߣٶȿǲ磬ҲǾԸ̶ֳȵٶȣǣǰϾûһ˿һİŮӣȴǸˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ңŮӿɲһͬģ񣬾ǷͻȻʧ֮󣬲ųڷߵġ
ô
ѵ
һۣǿ˶Էڵ֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣ǼԿ϶Ů⴦Ĺڵˣ
һʱڣɵ
⴦Ĺഫϴ֮֮ĹѾǴʮ£ǴoƾõʱڣҲᱻĥˣŮӣ־δģ
ǵгʣзΪȥˡ
㾿˭
ѹе𺳣ŰŮʵ
ң
Ůһ峺ھ͸ֳһĨãɫƺŬĻʲôǣȴһƬհףǣҡҡͷֱ˵Ҳ֪
֪
һĨȻ˵ɫȴǷĸΪ
ôͷƸʶģ
ָָɽڣԼ䴫һЩֵĴϢȴõΪ֮һ졣
ҡһֱʶҷ
ŮϵЦݺҸۣõзᡣ
һ۾ģǷƣ󣬲ǽһϵܵĶ
ԭзơ
ţŮϵЦݱŨ
ô˵ԭΪеļ䣬ֻзƵĴڡ
㡭
ɫ粻ЩˣһҧҪƺÿ
뿪˶ãȻ͹һ˾ɫŮԺﻹܹſ߰һ겻Ҫһѻ
Ҫȥҷ
뵽ԼģŮиҪƣǳǰɽȥ
㲻ܽȥ
ǰסȥ·
ЦȥǸٳĺ£
Ϊʲôҽȥ
Ůͣ˽Ųüͷ΢΢
Ϊ
籾ҪǣüͷİŮӣԼ䣬ȴЩһ¶вɵһţЩ˵Ȼȥֱ˫峺ӡ
ôܣ
ͷ磬ھǻ̵̻ɫҲ˻ҪĽŲ
ٳоϣڣǵĮһеĮ
Ĳܽȥ
ڰŮƹ֮ǰ
ȴûôʢ֮¶
ȻҲзᣬŮƷʲôܲ÷ΪѰɣ
߶һӣɽԼһЩתŮɫһ죬ڻͣ˽Ųûнȥ
ȻһŰֽһǣ飬Ǳʶﻹǻɬ֡
ԣһȴɣ
ͣ˽Ų˿ǿһԵͷһ̻̲˵磬ʱһ㶣ãôˣ
ûûʲô
ҡҡͷɲһĨ̵̻ɫŮҲȥ
֪ΪΣֻΪ˰ŮüͷӣоͲɵһ־η
ǣ˱ǾվɽڴȺţվʱ͵ŰŮӣһûһŮ죬ƺҪ׳дʲôȴһΪŮӵļ䵱ƺ˷ƣûκζ
ৣ
һС֪ð˳ҲվɽڣĿҲʱɨŰŮӣǱʯڣһĨɻɫ
ʱڣһͺУɽڣָƽ

۾Ƿ֣һֻСèԼ˵ϻһ˿죬룬·޷԰Ρ
Ƹ硭
ĺƺŴγѣͺһǽͷ˷ƵĻУϳˡ
ɵϣǺƸˣ飬ʲô˼ģ
΢һЦһ䣬õļв
ȻʱǴڱ״̬ǣ˿̻ܹһЩƬ
Բ𡣡
ѩ׵ĽЩĺۼвɵһʹסˣߵǸ
£ɼȻҲ˵Ĵ³£õĽܿࡣ
û˵ֻǽıһоڲС
Ƕĥһ֮󣬲߳ɽ


1255 ׽
ﵽһƬ羰ĵطɽͳȺɽˮּϷֻǣʱȴȥЩľɫ

ǼķƳŮӱЩȲĳ˹ȥվǰĺõķƽǶˡ
ò˵˳Ůӣȷÿһеӣһ̣ƶЩز
˭
綼ǿ˹һ˫ֶܷܷȻȻķ䣬ʱȦţȷ
ʵ

ƱҪ˵ʶһŮĿԼüͷһȴЩ̣Ů˵Һ˵òã
ţط־ʹɵ˿ʹɫڲõŮˣŵŰŮӣɽԶСϪԡ
⴦ڵϪˮ峺ɼףһɨȥԿˮеζţֱЩǻҵӿԶԶĶ
ôˣ
üͷˡ֣ãǶŰŮʵ
ǵãԼûдİ
ѵ㲻Ҫ𣿡
⻰֪ΪΣŮӾñͷһᣬĴ۾һ죬ˮǷ˳УŲԵüΪ
ιι޺òð
һޣЩֽţҲ֪ҪȥοֻվԭأЩ֪Ŀ
ҪҲޣҾͲޡ
ŮӾӨıͷһһʵģЩʣȴֹס˿ֻǣϣۡ

вص̾Ϣһ֣ĨȥϵۣǵĶȴõЩ糺죬ҲõԶŮЩš
ʲôãǣΨһ㣬Ǿ̫ˡ
ҲΪԣԼ˲һ
㣬ֵǰһĻȴЩ
ֻǣüͷȴ΢΢
ΪŮӣǷͬһˣô׵ĸŷƣ֪ǻǸ
λΪγƺΪأ
ðŮƽƲǿڨڨʵ
ȻɣʱһЩ֮ǵ飬ǣȴǵñֵġɡ֯˸˲Ŷ԰
ΪҵķȻΪʱأ
Ů޽ߵĿˮڵ⣬õķƱͷȥЩԲ
Ȼ׶ѾˣŮӣЩĳƽ
ϾҲˣ
ǡ
Ҫͣǣȴ֪Ӻ˵
ȷʱԼȥģ˼ûǿԼ˵ףǱǸʦˣ
ôأ
ԶŭŮƴͷʹͻأģԺһĨ⣬ˣ㾿˭
Ƿ˵ģô⴦ĹӦþǰλŮӵĲŶԡ
һ뵽ȥʱƲɵľ͵һ
һλȴ۵ĴڣпܣʱڵĳλҲ˵
ʱ̬ɵľͱˡ
ҡҲ֪˭
Ůãҡҡͷ䣬˫ֱͷסҡţɫҲЩ
ļ伫ΪݣȵЩƬΣ֮ǰģһƬհס
Ҳ֪ΪΣǾ÷ƱϾ׽磬ϾӵжԼҪĶһֻǣʲôҲ̫
ҲΪˣԣŮӲȻȻĸߡ
ô˵Ƶüͷ΢΢
Ȼ֪ΪʲôŮӲʧȥ˼䣬ȥǸͨһǣԲ濴ȥǰ򵥣
λȱ𼱺һһؼġ
ŮǻҵģҲֻܳοš
Ҳָ˼ͻ뿪ɣ
š
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ŮȴǺܿΪãǰӣܹԼһʧȥļ䡣

ˣƲɵ˿Щ˿һۣһᣬȥȥ
˵գǳŮȥ
˵ðɣ
ǲƵĿ⣬ͷˣǽһԣΪǽԼһС
Ȼȴ˷ϵĴڣֻ˵ԼҲ֪ΪΣͳǷ֮ڣԼΪ˶Ըɡ֯ԱŲʥȵơ
˼⴦Ĺˣ
ŮĿĿڣһƬ֮ɫ


1256 ķ籩
ԶŮһɫȹͤͤվϪԱߣŮ٣׿Խϴʱͷ֪ʲôϵ飬΢ԵЩį΢΢ɽ紵ɫĳƮϵİɫȹǲһ£ԳΡ
ڣģ̧ͷ̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾɫձƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֣һ˿ɬǱѩڻһ˲㶯ǡ
ǰһУһĻ˲ɵľͻԵС
š
ջĿ⣬ȥᶨĵ˵ͷ
Ƹ磬˼ϴ֮
ɰĵԲ۾ʵ
Ͼ⴫ϴ֮ĹŮĹˣ˵֮
ţǲɵĶɻĿŷơ
Ϊഫϴ֮еģôڣȴŮأ
֮
΢΢ҡҡͷ̾һЩ飬ڻǣǣҲǹҪǣֻǡ
Ƹ磬˵ˣ֪ΪǺá
֣촽ϣֹ˵ȥ
˶ֻҪԼԼģƾԾͻޱĸԼ֪ǣЩ֪Ȳ֪Ҫá
ңţһ죬ƻԸԼġ
ǡ
ޣеһж̲סһѳˡ
Ƹ磬֮˭
´绹̲סеĺģʵ
Ĺˣ
ظһ飬˶һɻǽ͵ܵ˵ʵϴ֮ĹģҲΪĹƬԲڤ죬𣿡
Ϊ˸ɻ󣬷ǽԼ֪һж˵ˡ
ȻõŮٴβɵĵһһ˫˫֮ڣǲ˼ɫ
ڤǿʥ׵˽Ƕɣ
ΪŮӵĹűģδҲ̫µİɣ
֪ģֻЩҲǲ²⣬ȷĹ㣬ҿȷ
ǻҪʣҲΪεҡҡͷЦ˵
ܳһʱ䣬ŮǽϢ
ʵҲʱĽе𾪸ѹȥ
ٴοǰŮӵʱǵĿͲͬˡ
ѹ֣Ȼǵȵơ
һĨ˼ջĿ⣬ǶһԿЦķʵƸ磬ô죿
⡭
˿ԼƿյͷҲ֪ںʧȥ˼䣬ȥȫҲûԱʱ߰ɣ룬ָ˼䣬Ӧþͻ뿪˰ɣ
ôһ˵һۣȻЩ΢ĵ˵ͷ
Ů˼ֽʧȥ˼䣬˵Ҳһ˶Ҫ˵÷ƲҲ˵Ļ

ƴŮصԭʱѾΪӰٰĥˣЩڰˣҲǷ׷Ȼȥȥ˼
ϾһˣõİˣǿɲΪԼܹǿɡ֯ˣ
йл׶˿ǵĿⶼЩ졣
Сӣ֮
֣
ΪɬƲɵĵһۣǽĿһǴűɫĹϡ
Ҳ֪Ҫΰοˣһ·ϣŮҲΪϸĽ̸˵һ顣
˵һеԴͷΪԼԵʣԼܣҲͲᷢˡ
ԣ˿ǼΡ
û£ҵֵǣΪ⣬û챦һʵϱģ
һڱݵ⿪ʼ˸ų޵ĹâȭͷҲսˡ
һΣǽˣ
֣ģԺһɱĹӣģ̫ˣ
¹صһԴǵһἰ壬ҲĻ
㱻ΣƢٺõˣҲǳˣ
һԵѩĮڣҲһĨĹâ
ǷƼʱܹδ֪ʦҲߵͷˣ
ڰ
ǰļ
£ǲΪնɱܶңҲпܻ˲ŹЩնɱܵˡ
˫ĳԹΪѾ׵Ľˣ
߰ɣóȥˣ
ⷽڻεһȦҲǰȥǴڹۿѰһûзʲôǴ뿪Ĺˡ
棬һķ籩ڵȴǣ


1257 
Ϊƴսɡ֮֯ĹڵˣⷽһȦȥһûʲôջ񣬱ҵͨȥˡ
ʱҲЩ졭
һεˣ·ĲϺܲһ㣬ϣһ·֣ĪϣڤڣΧЩĵ̹ⶼˮһıγһһһƺƴĲС
ЩԸĴʥǣСĵķڣʱɫ
ɡ֯
½Ķ֯ûκ˻ܹǵĴڣʱȻֻһ˴ǣȫԸеǿǣϣֻҲûܹ
ԣڡɡ֯һ֮󣬳ϵվͱ࣬˵üͷ
ԼĹڵõʲôöҪǿԼܹס
ԣǴ˿̶硣
ɡ֯˾ȻҲˡ
üͷ΢΢£վҲֻЩ˸ƺ˼Щʲô
ৡ
ƿ쳹Ĺ֮ڣӳӰ
ٲȻǡɡ֯ɣ
õ𣿡
ͬǴߵǿߣʵ
ûС
վмϴ죬ҡҡͷ˵
λǿǰ˿
ţ
⻰ǿ±ǶȻһ˫ͫһҫۣ޷ֱӣʱġɡ֯ĳԱǹȥЩɪɪ
˵
ǿ߷ǵûжŭ෴ģµʵ
ġ
мҲû̧ͷͱǶֻǣȴûǣµӣȴЩɫˡ
Ǵڻлˣ
µɫҲЩĿɿڴ֮⣬ǾͫҲһĨãȻ
⴦Ĺ˽ɱѰҪĶ࣡
ʲôϴ֮Ĺ
ѵ˻ϴ֮ܲɣ
вϵĻţڵâҲӵ財
һ΢Ľ˵ĿҲɵɨļλǿߣĿ⣬õǿľľͷſ̬
֮ǳ壬ңϴ֮ĻҲЩܣεļƻҲˡ

ûԼĳԱжǺ˿ǹһ˿Ҷ
ৡ
ʱĹڲϵӳһӰص˸ԵӪ
ʲôһ˻ˡɡ֯ˣ
ĳһõվڸǿǲɵĶǳ˹ȥ
ֻһۣ˱Ǽһ׷ԲԳأ󻹳һ˫ߣ𺳵վĿɿڴĿǰļС
ˣ
ֱϳߵ
壬ǵһĹˣǣȴҲûлöٱˡ
ΪûйĹڴȻҲ˲챦ǣȴӰӶûп
ΪͭͷԳ־磬ļҲע⵽ˣһϵеķչõĿɿڴ֮Ǳǵһʱ˳Ĺ磬ջ޷ֲĹʧ
Ҫ֪ЩǣɶϣʥĴڰ츳ﶼǿĴڡ
ǿǸǷ֣СѾǿߣһǼΪ𾪣ңĿⶼľͿļǿߡ
ϴ֮ĴΪһӵõˣ
ϢܿľʹˣʱĹſڴǿǶǽǶǼǿ߱е⡣
Ϊ˶û̵ʲôôпܣϴ֮ռһЩ챦ǱǸһ˶ˣ
˶޷̵ģ
ģǸĴʥģɶԼµľӵܣÿһ󣬵ǣĹ֮ڣʣܹأ
ʱȴҲûж֣ϾϢδ׼ȷȷҪΪһ˵Ĵڡ
ˣ
ǿЩ㱨µɫЩɵɫĿٴηǰԱϡ
Ծʵˣڴ򿪴ģ
мֱð亹ҲЩ΢ڴɻ̻֮⡣


1258 
ʵΧЩ֮󣬡ɡ֯ԱҲһ뷨ǾǾԲܣ
Ϊ˴ǴͭţǿǷѾ˼ңһֱûʲôЧǶҪʱ򣬹ģǵĺ£ͭȴǱѿˡ
Ҳ벻飬ǱǿڵһĻһħӡ
ô
ӵһۣõǲѡ
Ҳţ⴦ĹĴڣȻл˵ĴڡڣЩǿǵһЩۣҲ顣
Ƕ⣬Ҳǲܵ飡
̲֮ܣ
Բһջ
һ
ǿ˸ĿļǿϲϵɨţҲǿ߻᲻öɱ
е˼ˡ
£΢΢ڵڣһЩ
ԼԱ˵ʵǸһȷʹǴ֮ڣ
ΪԼǵĵƣˣ˵ǵĶּΪǿᣬԲǼ֮
һν뵽ǴڵģֵõЩʲôǿԼҲ޷²⡣
Ҫ⿪һе⣬˵ȴǼΪ׵顣
һһС츳ٹôӵùأ
һɨǿߣǵĻȸŨˣϢĴȻ䣬ΧȴǸӵˣΧĿռ䶼Ǳһۿɼǲһ
塭ѵ
ϸЩǿߵ֮üͷˡ֡
ʱֹɣЩԸǿߣҲʱɨ
ΪЩСһȺˣģΪơϾŮգʵǲ࣬ңǽĹڵˣ
λŮһҲͺȺСʸ
ԣԽԽĿ⣬Ƿ˺ϣЩ¶ƵĿ⡣
֮ﵽ۷زûǣǿҲûǣʱںǿѧʥѧ
Ҳ˵ЩСҲͬʥѧ
ܹܡɡ֯ԱС츳ɼһ㣬õܹŵ
ˣҪôãҪôɱ
ֻ·ѡ񣬲ȻһɳҲܹıڸĴڣ
ϴ֮Ĺѵǻϴ֮ĴУ
ǲ²⣬ȴѾ϶ˡ
Ϊ֪ƾ߱ģ֮壡
ȻΪõϴ֮ĴУôӦҲûǸʵԿɡ֯ĳԱ
㣬зǳ
ƽĹʱʵȻΪǣҪѹЩԸţȴԶԶ
ˣ
˫âӲʱɨԼɫһƬ࣬дв
ɡ֯ǿߣܵѹûܹ֮⣡
ңΧڶǿ߻ţܹŹԼ
ǲܵģ
ˣȻɱˣ
ͻأģһ򳤵ļΪª͵˳дĿһɷֱӾͱ졣
ߣ
ⶸȻһһһ׾ƣȻɷ֮ϣʱϾ쳹һ֮ǸòªһʱȻ󲽣ʱһųǱļΪѿ
壬Ҫɱ㣡
ƺǸܵΧЩϷʵĿ⣬ɳª߲Ȼŭϸӳ޾ںռȻը죬Щ̹ⶼǱ˿ȥЩ۳һͷħͷֱӾͳźϮ˹
˵߱ˣ
һڤڣôҲû뵽ܾȻᱻŰɱĹ֮ڣŭ޷ƽϢֱӾͳźˣ

ʱҲΪӣƣҲûпһ죬޴Ȼľô˹ȥ
¡¡¡
ž޴£ռ䶼Ǳҵˣһ޴ĴӰϹսշžĴƣħͷײ˹ȥ
̡
һը쳹ħͷֱӾͱ޴鵱ѿľ罫Ŀռ䵴ǺһţңΧʱѿһɲĺɫѷ죬棬һƬڡ
͡
͸ռ䣬ֱһڳªϣʱǱҷ˳ȥѪԼ仹йѵҳⷽĹڤڡ


1259 ûȤ
һ֮ǿ˹
ڵϣһߣǿ߰жɵĵһڣһƬ
ʦ˵ϣӵоǿʵһ֮¾ͻĴʥ
ɼ֮۷壬ʵǲڳڶǿߣһʱڣ˿źɫȫһˡ
סˣܲһ
ǿҲһĨ֮⡣
ԭ򣬾Ϊķʽĵزܹȫ̶ֳȣҲ
岻ưոݵģ
ª˼Ѫһٵսһĺ죬һţһݻǿٵĳȥ
ߣ
һĨâٴеľ޴ֱӾͳıȥ
ȻѾˣǾûҪ
¡¡¡
޴ĴӰƺƴ󣬴ſٵذĴƣ˿ռ䣬ǳ۾һֱªߵı
׶ܣ
ªһĨңϸϸ߶ţǻæǷǰģһƵ״е
̡
޴䣬һ·۶ɵĶڽӴʱ򣬱ѿһѺֱۣ̣ӱǾʯƽĺУԭȵƽΧĿռ䶼Ǳ˺ˣһڵѷ죬Ǻˣǳª߸ǼΪңըˣɭɭĹ˳˳ȥţɥ֮Ȯһģҧɿĳȥݻ˵ˣһ·ϣѪ
ߣ
״Ҳûȥ׷ֻǲмһ֣˾޴⣬ɨǿߣõĻţûмӵġ
ȥʹǿɥ֮Ȯһߣʵⳡϵģûм˵Լõ
ҲΪǿԭɧ˼Ҳ
һǵǿߣ
ûȥԸҲܼ򵥣Ҫȷܹһܡɡ֯˵ӣǲ壬ңǿⳡϣɻһ˵Ĵڣܹѹ
ԡɡ֯ǿߣ
Ȼɡ֯κճΪĹڵĳǣĿǰƺǱǸӸȥˡ
ʣǿܹưո𣿣
ԣССһѣҲû˿ɣ˼ԽԽˡ
֮ܣԲܱ¶ȥȻԺ޾鷳
ϴ֮ǿ½Ϻ޼ɣ˺պǣͬʱĸ·ǿߣҲǲ٣ȻǸʱڵǿߣѾ䣬ǣǵܷγޣ
ʱûгɳķƿӦˣңҲܴܺѹ
ЩǴҪģҪǣ־棬ҲӦˡ
Сӣǻ˳ء
΢΢һĨɬĻȡ
ԼҸͽܻ治ף
ԭһλʦ
ŶߵһЩ֮ǿҲ˽⵽˺ʵݣʱһĨ⣬죬ԭ
ȻǣΪʦ֪֮ġ
ʦ
򴽣嵭Ŀˣ󣬵ǣϵȴֱܹӾ˵ע⡣
ţ
Ҳ΢΢һƽĲĿϣɫûа仯
źʦ֪֮ʦȤҡɡ֯
ǿ߾ļҳһĿ֮£Ƕź췢롣
˻
ֱףõٴεǿǶɵһЩϹŶڣһƬĽɫ
ɡ֯ǿأ˵ܹ롮ɡ֯ʵҲǶһϿɣ
Ͼǿ֯ڣһ˶ܹ룬Ҳͻ˥ˡ
ɡ֯һֱǿǾΪֻҪǿߣߣͻᱻֱ̭
ഫɡ֯ڣֻʮˣܹ֮Ϊˣ⣬Ҳֻʮܹɡ֯
ʱǰǿߣɾǡɡ֯ʮ֮һֻǣ֪ڼѡ
˵룬Ҳɵ΢һ㶣ڵɫͻָƽ΢΢𣬵˵ûȤ
ɡ֯Σѵ۱ɣȻΪҪ롮ɡ֯
ⲻһЦѣɡ֯ˣܹô½ҲΪ֮ͳˣ


1260 ǰ
ɡ֯һڶǿηͬʱܵɡ֯룬Ҳûмܹھܾ
ʱվⳡǿߣûһܹܾջ
Ȼڼ롮ɡ֯Ҳǣɡ֯ԴԶԶѰܹģġʲôû֪ңɡ֯µĴУ㹻ɡ֯һֱǿʢĴȥ
һ֯һɡһģǿģһֱ۷壡
ʱ͵˵棬ûпǣ;ܾԡɡ֯룬ⲻɵõ˶ĿɿڴЩĿĿ
Ϊ䶥ʦĸ⣬ȴһֱĺأʱûЩǿһŸֲʵĻΣһֲ£򵥵һУһĿ꣬Ƿ۷ϡҲ˵Ѿû˶ջ
෴ģʱЩǿǾãһȣԼƺ̫ˣʱͻȻľãԼϵķ̫ۣҪˡ
ⲻǿΪ𣿣
˿̣ȻǶôϣӦǣͬʱҲԼ̬ϣǾԶԶ죡
Ŷ
ܾ֮ǿҲûжŭ෴ģµɫûа⣬ƺ֪˵Ļشˣ嵭Ц´Ǻǣһϣʦܹ濼ҵ룬ɡ֯ĴţʱΪʦ
Ȼʵǣһ֮ϣȴòϣһȣԼ̫ˡ
ǲ䲻ûһȻվһˣΧǿǣȴ˶ʵ۾ͨ졣
̫ŴˣӲҲ˵죬Ѿվĳһ۷ˣ
СС־磬ʱϱٴγֻǡءķЩֵĺԶԶʱ˵Ŀ⣬ɵķĹſڴ
ڷһǽⷽĹͨڵʱͻأģһǴǰһһ˲䣬Ǳ㶼ǳĹΧڡ
𡭡
һͷͷһ˸ںڹâǵޣ˹
󣡡
ȷҲû룬ӰһƣֱӾʹһȭ޴ȥͷľ̶ȵĶޣֱӾͱҷ˳ȥû£Ѿˡ
һȭ֮õ˲ɵٴ࣬¹գҲϾҪ˶Կ˼
ȻɳĿռܴ󣬵ǣڵǾܲһȭġ
Ҫӹ˵Ȼһȭͷˣǻʲôͷ
һ·ϣҲˣϮǲģҲǱ׵ľ͸ˣǣҲľˡ
ϰΪ
ɡĿ꣬𣿡
һֱվԼԲԶİŮӣƵüͷ΢΢
ͷԼ˵ǰΪǲǣѾ˵Ҳáɡ֯¶١
Ҳ֪ΪΣһɡ֯ǿ°ߣоͻһЩ
Ҳռɣ
ڵȴûסŮˡ
ñҡ
ǳڴһĨâ˽Ų˵ᣬԶ㣬𣿡
㲻ΪŮӣǼɡ֯ˣҲԲŹԼ
ΪʱҲǴ֮ڣ
ЩҲܹ뵽ģ֮ףڵҲǡɡ֯Ŀ֮һ
Ƹ磡
磬ŮǵǵĿ
ģӦȱȥãǿ£ʦ
ƶͶ԰οʾǱԼ
ԡɡ֯ˣ¾Ǻ죬ҲԻסԼԣҲҪߵһ
š
˿̣Ůֻܵͷ
֪ϡɡ֯Ǹ˷κΰģܹģǱԼ÷Ʒġ
λԼСˣ
Ҳûж˵ʲôɨһˣ΢΢ͷ˾룬һˣſȥ

һϮķƳſڵʱ򣬴Ĺ統гЩӵǣǶԵĳʦ㱨š
Դ󡭡
ɡ֯ĳԱҲǶǿ˵
Ŷ
ǿһµͫȻ䣬һ貵⣬һޱߵҫۣΧ̹ⶼɢĿ⣬˷ϣƺҪ֮


1261 ɱս
һλӣһϮͦΣ˱ֱվڹĹڴɣڵڣſ֮⣬һԾµİһ㣬£ڶǿ߱ӵĿ⣬˿壬κֱӣ

ڷһ߳Щѯش֮±̾һȴû˿ԥһͳڷԣԡ
ףԾ
䣬ϱ쳹һЩĺ
Ϊʹʱ濴ȥƲǿ󣬲ֻһӵ׼֮۷徳СѣôҲܹѹɡ֯˵
˵ǿߣЩۼƷǣҲ¶顣
Ǽķƿɲӵģǰ񱩵Ϣƣ޷ϵһ
ǲ
ЩǿǲԼߵСȴҲǿСڵɻ
Σ̫ˣ
׼֮壿
ǿɨ˷ãͫڵâǻһĨãȻһ
ԱٽϴǿеõһЩϢǴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬пܣӣҲǵ֮
ǣ֪֮ǰӣȴǲϵ伮֮
˵֮Ӧ֮壬ֻǣȴӵ֮Ϊǿᣬϡ
⣬Ҳ˶֮ķֱ淽ˡ
ʣӵоǿʵôаٷ֮ʮİգ֮
ƣȴΥһ
ԣʱ˿̣ǿߣҲ޷׼ȷжϣǰӣǲ֮ˡ
ȷ
ǿߵһԵԱлûа¶ȡ
˵ʵڵģǾĿǰǰӣ߱ԼԱʵ

˶ϸĴһ֮صĵ˵ͷ
ȻڵķĹ統ܴˣǣһ˵ϢȴŪģ
ǿ϶ĻشµüͷҲ΢΢
ûеƭԼǣǰ飬ȴΥ߼
ţ仹ܹĹԼ۾
ҵҪ㾿жǿ
ǿⶸȻһâ貣ֱŷƣͬʱһǺХƣȻ˳ʱΧĿռ䶼Ǳȥ˳һķ죬䣬춯أХţվĹſڵķƾϯҪ֮շС

ƴΧǿǶѡ˱ãǵĿ⣬ҲֱֱڷϣͬģҲҪ֤ʵĳЩ顣
ʦԼ
ںҪֵʱ򣬷ȴǵĿˣţںע£һɼΪȵƣȻ䣬ǴӷƵھϯ
һ̣˾ͷ˷츲صı仯
ȣһ˫ڵӣһʱͱ˳ɫ棬ûаɫĴڣһѪЩǧԩڰŸָֻǿһۣͻĸ꣬޷ƽ
˿̣ǰǰƽģǻΪһɱϢӳõǿ߶ľѡ

ϣЩǶǲ
ƣ񣬲ǵʱĹ統еô
ֱһģһ
ô£
ֹǣԼҲЩ⡣
Ĺ統У͸оԼĳЩطǷһЩɱ䣬ֻǣһֱûз־ʲôڣٴתսʱȴǽĹ統һ¶˳
ܿģͻع
¡¡¡
ƴ˳Ϯ츲أضڲˡĹ֮ڡȻƴǣǰƣǲС۷徳ˣֻҲᱻ׵շڡ
ǿ߿ɼһ㣬㱻ѹƣӳƣ˵ľף
ƿ
Ĺе˳ΡȻ壬ڹĹſڴ˫ӣֱֱԶ˫貵˫Ŀһʱھһ˹һɼ۳ʵʵսƿնɱһеĴƣɱϯĴ˳
ҪԼ֮˺ĺˡ
ꡭ
ս⣬һУն˳У˫䣬̶ƿͬʱ޴˳Ҳڷǰ汻ֳ룬Χϯ˿˺
Ȼ
һĻΧһ˫˫ڶǱŵɫǼһ


1262 ɵ

ϣؾɫռҵķǺХһ㣬κˣХžϯƽһУƺƵѹĹڣǰ˳Ǻˮһ㣬ŴڹĹſڴһӰշѹȥ
һϮôڹĹڣ˫Ŀ죬Ѫоâǽһɱƶײ˳ңһʯ˳м䣬ҡ棬ġ
ôܣôͻȻǿ⾿ʲôؼ
ǿǽޱȣĿɿڴĿţЩز
ŻųһСӣҡһ䣬ȴǻһǰƣЩʥǿҲЩľ
ӱسɴ
ǿǣڶһĨɫ
츳һ˵ɲʲô£
áǱɱڴˣǶ˵ΪĽ֣
Сӡ
Ѿ˿һԣվһǰһĪɢڣ˳Ű쳹ײ֮ϣֱӱ
ѵϴ֮Ĵ𣿡
Ǵ˳мķƣһĨ˵ľ⡣
֮ǰķƣû취ӵ˵ƣ㣬ܹ϶֮˵ĵ伮ʥѧڵһЩֲᣬҲȼ仰ѣܽһ㣬֮츳֮
޷ƽһ뵽Ǽ֮󣬸ȴǳ
ϣ
Ǿ˵ƻҪһ췣ܹʥףȻһֹڴˣ
ûڵƵ츳Ѿֻܼ£ͬڣûмܹȡʤ
ǣһж֮ͬڣ
ʥףһУǿջʱ츳ٹһʥȡ
ʥ뷲
ʥ֮½ϣֶٶܹ࣬˵ģ
һԨӹûܹԽ
Ƹ硭
磬קģڣǵǵɫ
ȻпڹĹڵõĳǿĴУǣҪԵģǡɡ֯Ա
ϣΨһȻ֮ģֻλŮӡ
վϴһĨǳǳ΢Цڣֻзƴڣ
ûдںıӻ֮ڣվ˷ƲԶǳˮƱӿȴǱǲ㵭ɫθ޴ܹݻɽĳϫȴ½ǣҲδ
ôĳôʲƺһλɵգմѾӰ첻

һɨۼ䣬Ҳ˰ŮӵĴڣʱϵɫ΢һ͡
˳ҲܵȻ֮ǣȫûаİŮӣȴֱܹӺԣ
ϸĴһڶȻһĨ˼Ŀ⡣
ԭ򣬾ΪŮǲɫĹΣΣһУﲻ
ôܣ
ļʶʱҲɵЩĿɿڴ֮⡣
Ѿ˳ʶķΧ
һûаͨˣȴܹ˾׵飬Υ
ң֪Ůӣģ
˭
ͷһԵл׶ʵ

л׶һҡҡͷε˵֪
ڰŮӵݣȻ˵Ȼһȥǽ޷ķ籩
һʱڴˣ
ʵģŮϣ̲ܣȻԲܴǸʱŴ
Ŷ
Ӧһ䣬Ŀ⵭ɫЩ̫ȻŮȻ˹ϡ
ǰʲô鶼˵ȥģ
ĺ˿ᶨ˵
Ȼû취ȷŮӵݣֵ棬򵥣
ǹԪˣģǾǳĹ統Уƾֵ֮꣬ԣǾԲƵģ
š
嵭ӦһҲûжʣǽĿͶ˷ϣʲôҲûзһ

ûʣŮɵ˿
ǺҪʣҲ֪ôش
ɵģǲЩЩ飬֪öã
ˣǻδ֪˺ģǣЩ飬֪ʵ治粻֪
ãŮӴڵλãĹǽڴܹǣȴ޷ԣ˺죬ȴûзְŮӵĴڣȻָǻشĺ䶯ˣ


1263 Ӳ

Ƶסǿߵѹǡɡ֯ԱɵҲ˿µϣǹ˺ˮ
ǲ֤ʵǰӵǵʵǵ³ܲң
ڣƻΪ죬һֱŵģҲͲŻķȥˡ
һ壿
˶һۣǿ˶Էڵɻ
˲ͬʱ
ƾͭûд֮ǰ뵱еģ
㣬ǾԿȷ
ԭΪϹʱŴȴǱһţһʱҲЩܲˡ
壬Ǹų壬ȻܹӵԼţ
ڶȻĹâŨҡ
Ϊɡ֯һԱǵĿĿֻ꣬һǾǵǸ߸ϵġ
ʱֶΪһѹ壬ְܼõ˳׵ʧȥ˾ʸ
ǣ˳ȥ
ܰôӵ޼᲻ݵ־
һԣǿ૳貣գĿһֱڷϣͻı任ҲɵĺΪȣãһɻĵ⡭ѵĳһؼ
ԼΣˣܹ֤ס˵С˵һУʵ
־۳Ŀս⣬ȴҲǴδŹ˵Դ⡮ɡ֯˸ӣ
ǣǰ⻹δʥ׵Сȴˣ
ڷƵпη
ҲΪηּᶨƣ޼᲻ݵ־Լѹ¼
벻仹ؼ
ʱھһĨȡ
һʾСܹƾؼԿԼ˵ؼĲǣԼƿؼĻ
ҵҪܹŵʲôʱ򣡡
ǿһʱͷ˿ǷܱߵĿռ¡죬һoһڰգΧռݣϣƴϯõΧǿǶǴԼС˲ѣԶۿһƬ
ƣɲܹܵģ
ɡ֯ˣ治ܹ˵ģ
¡¡¡
ضں˷ըѣﾡ٣ȥضĽ졣

ƴص߸ǺˮƣĹ֮ڣշվſڴķơ
ƣ
⳱ϫƣûаη֮⣬жȻ޾ս⣬۳һ棬˳Ҫ֮ն
ꡭ
˳Ǻˮᣬ϶ĹЩ𶯣뽣ײһ𣬶ʱͱ̶ƿԼЩ֮⣬ǽӣʵʽ档
ŵš
ײϣƱǱ󲽣ЩģȴǼûе£ֻǣȴǵȴࡣ
ս
͵ĵͺһʱڵѪʢǻɽ籡ǿҵĴǵûη෴ģǼеİս⡣
սҪս־
ηս޷ϰ޷ӳսԭеܣ
֮䣬󣬵ǣֻҪһ̴棬ܹ
Ϊִηսʥܹӵ۶սʸ񣿣
˼
ǿµ΢΢Ȼ䣬ΧĿռ䣬һƬڵУĩս٣ХӵϯƺƵײڣضڶţҲҵҡҲЩɽʯȥ
⡭
ΧǿǿĿɿڴþòܻ
ǲûҪڣĹγǣǷѾ˼Ҳҡ˿ۼҲû¡
ǣ˿̣ذľڣǿߺȻѹ֮£Ȼҡˣ
ɼǿᣡ
ǿ
ӳصĳ£ֱӾǱŻĺţӲĵذϣӡǣжʮס
ңڲסĺˣǰ۳Ľ棬Ҳļ΢ƺʱܻᱻѹڣ
ֳأãȻ嫺㵹ϢǼᶨƵЩҡˡ
Ҷ£
ҪأȫϵƣĿҲЩֻǣ˫ڵĳâɼᶨһ㵭Ľɫλơ
˿̣Ҳȫתսʱǰ۳ĽǱ࣬£Ҳͣأᶯҡ


1264 
ɱ
ȻȻģⶸȻһһ죬һս۶ɵľ޽ͳ֮ϣûκԥļһ޽ǳžϯľնȥ
Ǿǧпٵ֮ƣһ䣬ϯľֱӾͱնŰȥ
ôһһΣƿأҲģӵ
ʱѾһƵǽڴӽǸŮӡ

ƾȻٴμ˶ɵ˿ͬʱл׶ڣһƬ
ƵĲ࣬ԽԽԶˣ˫ľ룬ṵ޷Խˣ
ǽʥףʥѧڣĻܹѹס𣿡
л׶оҵĲš
Ȼǲ׷ƾǻʲôĴУܹ˵ǿᣬڿܹǴ˵еϹڤ忹ˣ

СӣȻܹסɡ֯һλѹ
ĹڵĻû˻ܹƽ̬ǿǣǺ죬ӵˣжֵľȡ
˶޷ģһʾˣΪξȻܹӵ˵ļ͵־ʵ̫˼ˡ
ЩԸĴʥǣʣҲܹλǿ߶
ǣ˿̣ȻΪǿߵѹˣǣڷƵڣȴûп⣡
Ǽ޾ս⣬õҲΪ֮ľѡ
벻ףƵս⣬Ӻζ
òᡭõսʥаɣ
л׶һԹ۲࣬ͻأģһԺһ⡣
ûǣƵһμ棬սĹ
Ȼ֪õսʥе˭ǣ˿̼ķ˵ı֣ǻ
˵Уսʥ޾һУǴۣҲ֮һսǰս⣬˿ƥУ
ҲǻĹʱһλۣҲ˵仹Ϊ۵Ļɾսʥ
һλ˵ɼսʥĲ
ֻǣսʥûпǵԨûеٵ۾½Ϊʱһ¡
ǷĻսʥУ˵պܹлٵ۾
˻
΢˼һл׶ԼͲɵĵһһƬɫҲϲ£ˡ
ڵ츳Щ˸ͬ޵֣ǣȴ޷Խһ
޾ţȻ䣬ƣȴӵôһʸ
ţڲһĨĽ֮⡣
Ҳ֪һ﾿ôģȻܹõսʥϿɡ
л׶Ҳ˳սĹǣͨһؿҲ֪ΪΣǵòսʥκΡ
Щ棬ƣΰ쵽ģ
һԵĹӼĻǼᶨҪ÷ƵľģЩ飬ҲڶȻ֮׵꣬ͻһ
ţ÷ƣԺܹõ벻ĺô

ɱɱɱ
ֳ־޽ĺУ־صѹ£ģٴν뵽⾳С
ڣսȻȻתڷƵУֻһֵĴڣǾǣս
ʱ˿̣ս⣬ҲѾǵֵսˣڵս⵱Уƣԣдʱġ壡
Щֵ뵽սУγӵеս⡣
˵Ĺ統УΪȵı׶ˣܻӵ־壬սٴνҲܹסǰλԡɡ֯ǿߵѹ
ս޾˿ԣ壬ʵһ㣬ڷҡϣֱӾͳ֮ڣҵĳڡˡһϿ֮ϡ
¡¡
񽣽ս⣬ӨӨ֮ϿϣʱͱһҵըռƺЩˣϵڻ죬þòϢ
Ȼһεײ֮£ӨϿû˿ǣϸĿܹ֣ӨӨ֮⣬Щˣûǰǰ鶯һ꿴ïʢĴѾڻɢ
ܹԶ
ڷƸ֪£ĵھŸϿϵϣ޾ս֮£Ѿۿɼĳ̶ȣѸٵĥţ
ţֻҪʱʱ䣬ܹ忪ϣʱ򣬡ˡϿȫܹʥף


1265 
ɱ
սڳ壬ϢӣһϹʱڵ£ġ
壿
ǿжǾҵţ޷ƽϢе𺳡
ǲԼ۾ģ
ǺХĳϫУƾȻһһм䣬ҡңÿһεĻӽ䣬˳ᱻһ׵ѺۣǱ˺ѵƤһ
һĻֱ͵߸ǶӡмΪ֪޷ţ徹Ȼּܹš
⻹ų𣿣
츳˻ųôԼʲô
ģƤЩա
壬ҲĻֶų֡

ؼơ񼼣
ܹסԼѹǿҲ𶯣૳
һСȻܹηԼĳҲǲС
ҪôãҪô
һĨâĿµǣһĨĻȡ
ģɢȥƣϢƽ䣬ΧĿռ䣬ҲƽֻĿǽĳ档
ûжǾĿĹеķƣƺڵȴŷƳ
ϣʱһƬŵС
ѹһҲʹѹ֮˹˳⾳Уеľ޽ɢͫڵĳ죬Ҳȴȥ֮Ȼ޴棬ʲôҲûзһõǿΪ֮п
ûмղһĻ˭⿴ӣܹӵǰأ
ף
֮󣬷ƱǷڵ䣬ҲϡȥϿϣãҪɴˡ
뵽ɲ֮亹졣
Ȼ˵ڵѾƿ߲֮ǣһ뵽ϴԵ췣Щļࡣ
һûܹ£
ңһε췣ԲһοܹģҲǶ췣
ôֻڵҲпܻ췣֮£һ
ǿ߳ѹôƾԾͻ¶״̬֮£忪ھŸϿף

Ƴ³һڰɫһûаɣɷǿϡ
飬ԶԶûн
֪ɡ֯ˣԲô׵ķŹԼȻƴʱԼѹ֧֮ǣģȴĹǿȻǴĻͲ֪շ˶ٴˡ
죬ҲЩԣüͷҲûзȥ
Ĵŷȥǣǻǿߡ
ԼҲܹȻȥǣδʥ׵ˣԻ֮ǣ
ɡ֯
磬ŮУһĨ⡣
ǷƵۣͬҲǵۣ
ɡ֯ǿӹɣǣһ̱ǷģʧֻҪܹ뿪պضԸɡ֯ΪĿ꣡
˿̣ȻѾƽ˾ʵһķ籩
㡭ܲ
ڷƻߵĹſڵʱǿߵĿˣƺɫûаһλУǱ΢ƽѣ
ȻֵļΪǿᣬǣ˵Ҫȡ֮練ƣ
Ŀ佱Ʋδɫϣûа⣬Ŀƽĺ棬ʮƽ
֪ûȤҡɡ֯츳պ󣬵Ҳǲܵ顣
ǿµ΢΢𣬿˵ܹóǿĶĻߵĳԱҲԵЩš
ȷǷƼ롮ɡ֯ôֻҪǳɳȷܵ
ǿܹɡ֯Ĵڣ
Ǹ䣬ҲҪ˼ɵĴڣ
Ҳ˵½ϣǿߣȥ֮⣬Ǿǡɡ֯
һܹ֯ӵʮλ伶ʣܲǿ𣿣
Ǿܾأ
⻰Ҳ΢΢һ䣬˵
硭
л׶Ҫ˵Щʲôȴֹˡ
ȻСһദãȴţƾԲֿΪ׷ʵһеˡ
ȻʱҲôƴĶҪڤ죡
ɼСһһ֮ˣ
Ȼҡɡ֯һȷľ
ˣǿҲ΢Щ죬ǣȴȻһĨζĻȡ
ֻǣƺһ仰ȴõǵĻȣӲ
ϧûȤ
嵭Ļһ΢紵˵ļ䣬⻰ΧǿȻĿĹڣˣȴһĨĻȡ


1266 еϢ
˿̣ԶվŵЩǿߣߵСЩĿɿڴվĹſڴķơ
ܾˣӵܹΪɡ֯ʸҲˣ
˵ǣǿߣԱµӣҲЩĿࡣ
ΪΣ
ǿѿʳУЩŵ̡
ȻᣬҲ޷ܣ뵱Ѿ˶ֶΣŵλã㣬Լзǳ
ǣǰӣȴܹ׵ֱӾܾˣڷƵڣûпԥƺ⡮ɡ֯λãڷ˵мһˣ
ΪҪ롮ɡ֯
üͷһûش෴ģĿڣʵ
Сǡɡ֯˽⡭
ǿ΢΢ۣڷɨţƺҪҳһЩ죬Ҳûзʲôǽ˵ֻҪǳΪҡɡֹܹ֯֯ڣܹӴܡ
ĻջֱӾõĳԸǿ۾
ܰ
˵УֻСɡ֯λ𡯲ӵܣ
ڣ壬ǿ߼롮ɡ֯ĿģҲΪ˽Ӵĵ伮Ҫ׷
Ǻǡ
ƵһЦЦĺ嵭Ҳ߸ߵʵôһ£Ƿܹ
飬޷ܵջ
ǣ⡮ɡܹ֯𣿣
һЦ
ȻȻܲǣǵȷƿĳЩܹӳٵİ취
㣬ɷϣ
Ҳꡮ𡯵ȷ˹һЩأǣ˭ܴﵽӵǸأ
ֻ£ǡԼҲﲻɣ

ǿ߲ûΪ⻰ŭ෴ģǷЦâ貵ڣ֮⣬ſ֮С֪˶ˣ
⻰һ˵ʱͽȫ˵Ŀ˹ȥУĹڵĺ죬л׶ˣҲǺĵȴš
Ѿ˾ǧ꣡
վǿǸվмġɡ֯Ա΢ǰһ˵
˻
⻰һ˶ɵĵһЩӵдʥͷεǿǣҲһƬ˼ɫ
֪ûнʥǰ٣ǧڣ
۷ˣҲܹһǧ꣬Щһ㶼ھŰҾˣӵܹӳٵʥȻԲܻһǧꡣ
ʥԺ󣬾ܹͻһǧٵĴأŵ˵ʥ۷壬ܹǧңܹɹ췣ܹӵи٣ﵽǧϣ
ʥֱۣǲɱ٣Ӧþһǧһ굱У
͹żжڴ۵ļأֻдۣܹһ꣡
Ȼܹãûܹ㣬ֻǣʢһЩۣǹ꣬ǻܹš
ԣżϱǼأۣܹϣ
㣬ӹɵģʥףʥ۷徳磬߲ǧ꣬ûܹͻأ
㣬ΪʥԪϵǣһ
ǣǰԡɡ֯ȴѾ˾ǧ꣡
̫ˣңȻ˿µգֻǣ˿ڣ⿴ȥаϵļֻٻһǧҲڻ£
ôһ㣬ǰǿߣܹ֮ãﵽ۵٣
ôһ룬ԭЩѾнľϹŶǸĽĿ
ЩϹŶѾûмûˣҲӳٵİ취ôֻܻһȻա
ǧꡭ
ҲЩĿɿڴ֮⣬𺳵Щ˵
һٵ⣬ǧңȻӵڶιλܹӳ٣ǣҩԱϾ𽥵ļ㣬ȫҲܹǧҡ
ǣǰ⿴ȥԾֻǸʮҵӣȴѾ˾ǧ꣡
ĳҲǲС
СӣеϢòãǧƨֻҪʥ۷壬Ҳڻ£Ľ
ͻأģԺ֮ڣֱ쳹ϵŭ֮Щɸ֮⡣
Сӣ츳ǣʶҲδ̫ˣһûмһ
о涼ҪˣԲܳŭһ䣬Ȼǡ
ʦԭ㻹ڰ
ϤʱƵڱ¶ϲɫ
ȻԼ䣬ѹԼ֮Ѱ϶ΣȴûκλӦԣЩɣǲѾȥˣ


1267 Ŀ
˵ƾǿѾ˾ǧ㣬ڳǿΪ֮Ľˡ
ʣ˭ҪĳһЩ˭ϣԼ
ǿ˵ģȻȷ㣬ǣƾѾ˾ǧ꣬԰Ⱥۡ
ҵ谡ȻǸ˾ǧ֣
Ĺڣ¹ؾҲһƬ벻˼ɫ
ʱл׶ˣҲǺòȥɫЩ˵
ǧꡭ
һĨ֮󣬱ǻء
˾ǧ꣬ͬʱҲһźţҲǿ߾ΪҲѾһʮֿµĵز
˵츳Σһӹţܹǧ꣬Ҳ㹻ۻһֲʵ
ңǰǿߣǿܹ롮ɡ֯ˣ츳ܱ˭

Χһ˫˫ȵĿ⣬ǿµϣһĻȡ
ָо
ɷϣӵȰȻʸ
ֻд۲ܹ֮ãǣȴܹӵд۵٣ƾ㣬˵ǵҲһҲΪ
ϾѾûд۴ڣһΪѾ£Ȼûп۾ǣ䣬Ҳ˵ϵĴڣ뵱ݺµĴȽҲѾûʲôˡ
Ͼ۲һҲǻ
ܿģϵĵ
ΪȻһĨ𺳣ǣȴܿľͷӦ˹ţٿԼʱǻָǰǰž޲
ʱǿߵüͷ΢΢£ٴεĿˣҡɡ֯ұ֤ܹ֮ã
ô
ƵȻһЦδɫ
֮ãȷϣģǣѵԼ⡮ɡܹ֯Լȹ췣
ǲܶȹ췣һжǿջ
ôѵ㻹Ըⲻɣ
ˣǿߵҲӵ䵭ǺһĹιȫĲ
˵ĵ
ǣȴǲ˾ܾˣ
˿̵飬Ѿ˼㡣
лĺ⣬ɢˣǲĺãûǵĹء
ûбɫڵӣһֱֱ֮ӣûпŭ𣬿е˵š
ٴξܾԶǿǲɵ˿ǲĿ
ΪΣѵҪ׷ǿľ磿ѵҪĸã
ٴεľܾǿڵĨŭ𣬷ȥϵɻ󣬱ǿʵ
ߵľ磬ĸãӵǵһ׷Ŀ꣬ɻΪǰ˻ܾԼ
Ǻǡ
ôʣһĨ飬ţǻָƽٴοǿߵʱĿڣͶһЩʲôƽ˵ϣкܶණ׷ʵ׷㣬ҪĶ࣡
Ҳ֪ΪΣͻȻľǰ˺ܿɱ
ûǰԡɡ֯ӵоǿʵҲıѰҪõĶ࣬ǣܹõʲô
׷ʵͬʱûܵ飬ҲҲûй飬󣬻ǻữΪһʲôҲûʣ¡
ˣѵҲһֿɱ
⻰һϵ˶ԿĿ⿴
ѵ仹б׷ʵҪ飿
ǿƼֱǲ
ĹеŮȴһۡ
ǵȻָ֪ʲô
ֻл׶ˣڷƵĻǲ⡭
ѵʵ㲻Ҫ

ǿٴοڴЦЦҰڣâ˸˸Ϊҫۣǳ
⵱ɷƾܾĽڶѡ
ðɣȻ㲻Ը⣬Ҳǿ㡭
Цǻָ䵭һ˫ӣֱֱŷƣ뽫ڴڵõ齻ң
Ҳûмʲô飡
治ɫĿ䣬ûа
⻰һʱõǿµɫȥһ˫ڵɫǶ֮⡣
飬ڱصõģҲеĿģ
ˣҲҪ°ȥΪϾǳǴڵˣҪ֪ƾϴ֮ûй
ֻҪǷƴӦȥôһв˵㣿
벻ǣƾȻܾˣ
ô˵ǲϽˣ
ǿߵⶸȻһĻ֮󣬶ʱαǻһӰ˲䣬ͳĹſڷƵԣһֻվĴֱ֣ӾץƵļͷ


1268 
ã
ĿһֱǿߵϣʧбǰвãǣûзӦʱ򣬱Ǽһֻһ㳯ԼץָоǱһҪ룬ǣȴЩɼʱԭڵͫףӳһƬɫ
ս
ζˣƵһʱĵתսʱǳˮսĵʵʣһľϯֱɱֻץĴ֡
ף
ϴĴʹǿ߲ɵ΢һһ𣬾Ȼһͼ֣¡ڶƺһֻƣһѹһѵĴƣ룬ޱߣɷսɱײֻ֮ϣȻһЩǽӵ֮ڽ棬ֻϣȻŷ
¡¡
ʱһǿٵذĴƶʱʹӲ棬ϮǿߣõòһֻȥӦһֻƣӨ˸˸ƣһֻצֱӾץϮĴӰ
̣
Ӱצײһ𣬶ʱͱը޴õǿ΢ģץƵƣҲɵһ͡
ʣֵģǺ죡
ֳֺɫ޴һٵصoһǰ޴ϵĻӶһӰǿߡ
ȻӰȫΪֻ˸˸צץ飬ǣΪһĶãҪ˼ɺ죬һʱȴҲκβ˷ơ
鷢һ˲䣬֮󣬾Ȼ
Ƹ磡
˲гҪ֣ȴֹǣңʾȫ˺
ŮȻҪȥæǣȴҲǵ˫֮ͬһģΪ˲÷ƷĵԼл׶һͬȥ
ȻĹ޳ȺڣǣղŵĴſȴû޵ټУҲǳصģ
ߣ
ҶԼ֣ǿµѿ˼֣ʱ˫֮ϵƣǸӵһ˫ƣǰأ纣ĴӳĿռϡ
⻹Ĺľ类ѹ۷̶ȣԲˣ磬ֻΧض飬Ǻ컹Ƿƣͱ¡
ˣˣӦ硣
ɼʵѾﵽһôĵزˣǧۼƾ飬˿
ңһֱŷƣõķƸãڵ޷ŷ⣬ֻսơ
ȻڷŷƵѹ֮ʱ͸оս֮ڣõľѡ
ͬʱҲᶨҪõһؼľġ
ǰ
˫Ŀ죬һͷһϢ״̬Уսӿ޾ɱƶƿ
֪Լǿ°ߣԣ˿Ҳƴˣ
ԡɡ֯ʵ֮ǿᣬ󣬾ĿǰֻһȽ׵ģ
ȻҲǾ⼸γֵжϵģ˽̫ˣʵ̫˾ƾ˵תܾڵӿǣ޷ӳңֲܶڲҲ޷ʩչؼȻҲֿܹһ
촸
һŭ쳹ʱռһس֮ʱһӰ䣬ٵأƺƵЯžĴƣҵĺǿߡ
¡
һ޴ըӰֻצϣʱϵһӳһڵѺۣѣǿҲŨŨɫ
ɱ
һɲǣһ˲ڣһɫľ޽ϣֱһӣ޽ɱһеϢҲֱӳǿնȥ

ɫľ޽â˸˸ϣŷӵ֮лǵ֣һɾ޴ֱӾ˾޽Ҳб˳ȥ
ŵŵţ
һֱʮ󲽣ڲǶΣؿһƣһѪӿ԰׵ɫЩ죬Ǹ˻ȥо޽۶ɣɫſڴǿߡ
е˼
ǿһĨɫȻûжŭ෴ģµϣǸ߸ߵ


1269 ǿ
ĹſڵһĻǼϢʱѣֻǿǿƣдӰϮֹĶţǿ߱ҲûĽΧ
ɵõǿǵһڣһƬ
ȻĳǴӰں֣֮
Ȼܹڴ֮ͬʱˡɡ֯һλ
ĹǴȥôԻ½Ϊ˾ľǿߣ
У죬һλӵвʵʦѣǣ˭ܹԤϵȻܹӵǰȳǿʵ

ɡ֯ĳԱҲЩĿɿڴ֮⡣
ǰλǿǻ˾ǧϹﰡǰ츳£ǧۼƣǿĲĵزǣȴΪ˱ˣõǶЩˡ
˳Ĺ
ǿߵĽɫҲûиһš
֪˾ǧϹѾһʲôľ磬ֶɹ˼췣ͬ׵Уֶ࣬ǳ棬ǾԺʵľͱϹһѹ
ţ
Ȼԣӿʼû˳ĹķΧ
ɡ֯˾ԲܻŹԼĹڣҿһ
ɣ
˾ĿԼǿ߱û˿ɫ³ţ˫֮ϱٴһơ
ˡ
ͼ֣Χضĳֹ֮˫ΧĿռ䣬ˮһĵţֳһʵʰŤУΪɲֻ¾ʾˣҲŤĿռǰ۶ϡ
ৣ
âһţαǻһӰֱŷжȥһ˫צƣٴץƵļͷ
ȻҪȡҪ
촸
һûκԥıٴеľ޴һٵصľһӳһ춯صĴӰǳ۾һǿߡ
飡
ǿһ貵צƣֱӾץӰһ󣬶ʱӰʯһģ鿪ǱŰľ磬ѹȥ
һ֮£β΢һͣٴγŷƳȥ
ɱ
˫Ŀ죬ŨŨıϢְֳɫ޽ǻӴһеľ޽˳ȥŴ̶ƿɱץơ
꣡
һǽ۶ϵǱɫľ޽ֱǱ貵צֱϣƲץơ
ֻǣһǴӰٴγһ˹õɵһͣʧȥסƵĻᡣ
Թ⿪촸ӰˣҲӲ
Ϊ˲ǰܣҲֻһһεķסƵĻᣬʱвһŭ
죬Ҫҡɡ֯ΪУ
ǿ˵˫˸˸ԵҲЩ
ּʦֽУֻܹĹܹģǾûС
ʦնɱǻĴĺ䶯һЩҪĸӰ죬ϣġ
򲻵ѣԲʹɱ֣
˵Ȼ޷ԿǣûģһλΪʦǷҪԼһԼݱ¶ʱ鷳ɾʹˣ
ɡ֯ǿӹɣҲΪǿȴǻð½Щ۷岻һʲôЩͷǣͻжƺǣ
̸ΪУֻǣСҴˣұȥ
ϲûκεĳͣϵĻӶеľ޴ҲĻشš
˼ҲףԼҪΪУڱ
ף
ǿҪŭʱͻأģץƾ޽ƣȴǴһʹⲻһ
ɱ
޽۶ϣٴ۳һʱİɫ޽ȴ֮һЩ΢
ɫľ޽֮۶ɵģǣ棬ȴģһɫĵ绡ţһһЩͷǣ˲С⣬ſսΪ棬۶ɣΧĿռ䶼Ǳ̳һЩ̶ƿ
޽ɱǿٴֳ̽ȥץ޽ֱһ
꣡
޽ѳأǣһʹĸоٴδǱ߳˺ҧһȻͼδ飬ǣǿȴܹԼЩһ׵ĺۼ
ȻǱһĪˣ
ʱڱһĨŵɫ
һСܹ˺ĵԼ


1270 Ů°
Ĺڵ˽ֵ״̬ǿҲǱ𺳵ĳ
̫ǿˣ
˳̶ȵɱǱ룬³Ժܲңǲܻڡ
ǿɻһСȻܹӵʵõЩϹŶǣвЩ֮⣡
˵ȥԿǿߣǽ뵽Ĺ֮ڣֻ»ᱻСƷ
ȻǺܲԸʵǣȴͰǵǰ
ɡ֯Աһۣǿ˶Էڵ֮⡣
ԼˣܵĲԩ
ٳûн֮£Ѿ֤ʵ˶Էʵȷ˫ѾһȽˡ

ⲻܣ
ܵϵʹǿҲ֡
ԼѾûиܵʹˣ
ǵãԼϴˣʱһսҲΪһս֮󣬱ûǸʸٳʹζ
ʱһСȴܹܵ˾ΥʹоõЩš
ϸһǶ쵽ˣⲢɫľ޽ϣȴȷһЩͬĵط
һ㼸ǺΪɫ绡
ٴһۣܹĸܵԼܵʹģɫĵ绡
ⲻܣֵȼôܹ˺ң
ɫ绡ǿȣ΢֮һЩѣ̶ֳȵƽʱۣǣʱȴ˺
ⲻ׼֮
ܿͿʼ
Ѱϵ£Ҳ˲ֺԣȻжϣⲻͨ
ѵǡ
뵽ĳֿɲĴڣǿҲһĨȻ֮⣬ҡͷֲ롣
췣
ض־۶ɵģܹɱǿÿһ췣ǾһƾЩֶΣƾʵûпܴ
˵Ǵˡɡ֯һЩ͵ĸ
Сӡӵжܣ
£üͷ΢΢𣬿ǳ۾һһƣž޲⣬һЩ
ǿ־
ԷƳ˸ֺֻ޲Ҫƽ̽ܰݡ
̶ֳȣҪٽһڵ죬ҪͻƣǲܵˣǣȴǾãûнӴĶҲܹͻһţ
ڣסƣĵģǣҪôܹ÷˵Щأ
ͷʹӵּ־ˣ̰֮ΪвӦò֮
һۣǿԶˡ
磬Ůڵ֮⣬һ۱ܹʱвһ
ৣ
ͻأģǻһ򣬲ûȥ÷ƣǳһȺжȥ
ģ
Ʋ΢һĶ֮󣬱ͼʱбһɱŭҪһеڵĳ죬ӵŨѪڷţɷϢ¡¡ϯһеľ׷ȥڼ䣬ϵ۳ӡǿߵĺ󱳣ҪסĽŲ
ٺ٣
ǿƺһ˫۾һƵת俴Уһ˫צ˫ֻӰϮĴӰӡ飬ٶȲֳٶȸһᣡ
ৣ
һӰǿֱӾǳ嵽ǰһֻצץŮ
Ԫӡ
ӭģǹӵӡצֻ΢һգӡֱӱУţӱǱһɾײ˳ȥŶˣѪԶûˡ
꣡
ţֻצ̽˸顮ɽķ֮£ͼ΢һʱǴˮͱ飬ӿл׶飬¹أѩĮ˶Ǳĺ˳ȥѪΪңţһɽ֮ŮһͽŮߣ󣬱ǳĹжȥٶȼ죬˲䣬ͳĹ֮⣬ڸ߿գµǸ߸ߵ
ӷƸղŵתӦǼΪԼеŮӲŶԣ
ڣ·Ʋ˵Լ
ģҪɱ㣡
ۼŮԼǰ°ߣƱŭ˶ˣһĳĹſڱȥȴΪ
ÿҪȥɱ
˿̣Ժ죬ҲǼΪƣɷϢš
Ůۣ˿̣оֻһͷҪȥȻŮɱǸǿߣ


1271 ˲
˿ǿ߽뵽Ĺڵʱ䲻һҶѣ°ɫŮӣɵģ˽һ㶣ǲףΪȥץƣȴǱŮӣ
ȻŮӶ֮ˣǣЩ챦һȣǿûпɱ֮
ԣǿûаߵת䣬õǿ߲ͷˮ
ৣ
ǲ²֮ʣһƿǱǼһӰͬⷽĹ֮ڡ
˿̣ƻŨŨɷϢһ˫Ѫͫصŭ𣬾ǻɽ籡ţõϢӵı꣬һӵ֮߳һ죡
ৣ
ţһƿһ˵Ӱԡ
ˣȻǺ죡
ֻǣǸϣҲǹŨŨüͷˡ֣еĺɫ޴սоţĿ⣬ǿߣעһһ׼ʱŷ뿪
֪ƵܣҲ֮˵ʲôԲƱǿ°ߣ˸Լ
ţĹ֮ڣ΢һȷƶԼ̬ȣ˭֪ͱСӸ˿ӣ˳
ʱٷĹǾԲܵˣң㴦ĹڣҲǿߵĶ֡
ԣʱѾ˼ôܴŷˡ
ٺ٣
ķƾȻһеĳ˳ǿµǸ߸ߵ𣬿иǷһЩıóѵЦ˵⡣
ʵҲǲ²ѣֻǼŮƵɫЩһЩҲһֱڹעŷƵķӦ
ǻ벻ջ
ƶŮӵںǳԤ룬ܹ˵ĲһУ֪ĹʲôĽ޷˵ĳ˳
˵ȷһĺ£ԽںԽ⣬Щܣ͸ӵ𣿣
Ƹ磬߰Ҫǣ
Ů棬˻š
Ҳû뵽ԼȻ˷Ƶ׸ǲԸ⣬ԸȴΪǿ߽ˣãڵҲͣ޷תԲö
ǣȻҶɱ㣡
ƻɱ⣬Ǻ̹ǣû˿УǼᶨ˲ܻľġ

⻰ǿ߾ʲôЦһڴЦЦҰΧĿռ䶼ţкȵãһɱң
ҲһɺƴѹƣֱӾͽɨ˳ȥ³ɫѪҺǺסֻҪˤĺܲҡ
ȻⶼǽǿûҪȡԵ֮ϣȻٸҲɱġ
˿̣ǻһ˶֮˵ǻᵱһЦǣǷƣӵг־ܹ˼˿ɣǷƳɳɱԼ
ԣŭˣ
ƾ㣿ɱң϶ѣ
ǿ߱쳹ﵱУ˲м֮⡣
ֻǣķ³ǽɫѪҺ֮΢΢
飬ѪҺΪɫǶɣֻһЩ۷֮ˣܹԼġӡѪҺУˣѪҺɫŻı䡣
ʱʾķƣûӵԣжϣƾӵĳĴУ
ʱǿ߲Щȡ
ǰȻһСĽ
һжҪˣ
ɨһ۱һӵ˹ɫŮиǼΪϲ
εջʵ̫ˣԤϰҲܹõͻƵҲ˵أ
㣡˲ΪҪЮ
ǼϢ֮䣬Ʊǻָ˱ֱվ嵭ұ䣬ڵĲм֮⣬ֱ¶˳˿档
⻰һԶǿǣǡɡ֯ԱǲĿǿߡ
ǰѵǿ߶ƣԲŻ°ɫŮҪЮ
е벻ףĹڵ˵סƣҲֻʱ⣬ǲΪǿ߻ô
⻰ǿµҲЩȡ
ȷԸһСҪʩչֶΣȥҲ£Ǳ
飬ҷһˣؼҷһˣԴȫţǲȻ͵Ÿʬɣ


1272 
ǿһ˵֮󣬳ϵ˱֪Ϊλֲˡ
ȭͷ˵㣬ʱǿߵֶμıɣȴҲû˸˵䲻ǡ
Ͼ飬ҲԼҲôԣҲûʸȥ˵ʲô
飬ؼ
㣬ȴǻܹ⣬ǿһȴһ󲻽⡣
ڵ
㣬ȴû˷֣ǰӣƺܹ־ؼ֮⣬ûбĿȡֲ֮൱뼫֮ԣڳģûһܹۡ
㣡
һݶҪҧˣǳӣǿߣģǺ޲óȥ֮˺һ
һҸûмʲô飬ڶûʸϰҵؼųʣҲܲˣ
䣬޳ӷƿһһٵ³ɷӣڵĳ죬Ĩһš
˵ģʵʵȻ飬ǣȷûңҲܽ
ΪǷϵ齻ȥǽϵ
һѵѡ
ս췣ȴǴʵսҪ޵еȻǿ߼Ϊǿ󣬵ǣп϶˼ɵĶô͸޷ϰս
췣Ϊ˼ɣܹݻһУǷƻԵɺѭ֮Ҳ޷ƿ
ֻǣǿȴǽ⻰ǳĻµɫʱڣ˸Ĺâ
Ǻܲںǡ
ĻµڴǸǹһĨĮĻȣôҲûüֵˣ
䡭
仰֮󣬷ƵԺһûκεһǴӵгɷ籡ɱĿռһ󵴶һ̶ƿ
ɫЩŤסĳ鶯ţЩһۿɼڳֱ֮ϣƺҪظƿһ˻һеϢ
ǣҸߣ
ܹӷƵĿ³ƺǿЩʲô˵ʱ˲ĸΪңЩǴбųġ
ԲںԼǣȴܲںŮ
ƣ
⻰Щż
֮壬УҪһȥʮ꣬ؼŻһλǷ䣬ô֮Ҫʮ֮ã
Ҷôеģ
ͬЩɭƱˣһٵصľһΧĿռ䶼һը죬ƺеľ޴£Ϳأ

ǿٴοڴЦڣ˸˸һƴϯϹo٣£ΧĿռ䶼ǱһۿɼŤУǱѹһ
⣬ǣһĻȡ
ʱĿǣʱڣ뽻飬ؼԴȻСʱڣҲܵġ
˵ţǽ磬ŮǸ˵Щ죬ȴһֱڷϣżɫ
ǲԸ÷ΪѣǴ˿̣ȴɲǣֱֻܼȴҲûκΰ취ֹ
˵ǣҸߡ
ϵӵŨˣڷ裬һ񣬡ǣ㵨˺һëұضǧУ
ĻʮֵļᶨɷڣⲻɵľЩһĹһĻ
ľǧУŮӳֵĻ˿ɣܾԻᱻһΣ
ûѡ񣡡
ǿ߲ûΪ֮и䣬ŷƵĿĲ
ͬʱһŮĽӵĽѹŮ϶ǴʹɫǵڣȴһƬȻɫŬģҪ򶨵ģ÷Ƶġ

ǰģҲɵ̾һǶǿ˵ΪСҸߣ
⻰һʱõȫ˶ǼΪĿ
죬ǿܹʥʦѾ֮ļ޵زǾﵽȫµ۱
ôһλʦʲôڳжһƬˡ
ʥѾ۷ıʣ˭Ҫ


1273 ϲ
ʦ
⻰Ǽŭ״̬еķҲתͷ㵵ĿΪҪˡ
죬ʥѧҪŵʦĵλʥѧǾԵĳߣǸ˵ҲǿͿģǣʱȴΪ˷ƣȴ־ɼԷƵĹģֿģ
ƣһʣңΪ⣬Щ춼ǿС
ˣһɳԻΪԣԲ÷Ʊ˶ɱڴˣ
ֻǸһǷĵɫĿǷǿϡ
ƴȷԴ߷ƣǣǷȴһ
ԣ˷ľҲЩ޿κΡ
ʱǿҲ˳˼С
Ϊĳ̶ֳ˵죬ǳԽĴڣˣ۷ﶼǾأڡɡ֯ڣҲˡ
ԣ˿ҲѵУ޷
ΧЩԸǿߣȴǽüͷ
ӵôһλʦҲùĹ˼ɣǣɡ֯ȴǲһǺ롮ɡ֯áɡ֯绢
ⲻϣģʱȴҲû˭վԣ
ʦҪҡɡ֯ǶΪ
Ƭ̹ǿ߲ǻĿˣȻûжٵ飬ǣȴҲǰǰıĿ⣬ȴǷ˷ϣСҲԲǼƽϣܹ֤ƽµĻȥǡöĹڵ飬뽻
λʦȣؼԷ
ϾҲ΢ĲµؼҪϰǼΪ̵ģпܣԼȷʺҲ˵
ֹȷܹ˵Լǣǰ̶ܳȣȴЩۡ
Ǽ߶ѡ
˵ΪԼ˴γĿģȷԥľͷ˷ƵˣȻ󽫺ȥ
ǣϵشȴǲ
⻰ɫһ
˵û飡
ϵϢһһٵ˵
ԲܽóȥңҲȷ֪ãҲò
ңҲúӦҪ󣬲Ȼһ᲻
⻰ʱõǿ۾ڣ˸ΣյĹâ
˶⣬̲ܶѣǣȴû˻ܹ⿪ܣ
ɡ֯ȴǲһԣǿ߲Ż˵飬ŴϢ֮󣬱ǳ
ơ
ҲǲĿŷƣΪν鿴ôأ˼ţüͷ
ѵûеõ飿
ЩţϾϴ֮ĹƵõ˴Уѵȴûеõ飿
˾ҪΣϤ㣬ǣˡȻһ㶫Ҳò
ڵĳǻһţƻ죬ǣȴһּĸоǱħһ񷢺
ǿҲĬֱŷãڵЩɲ
ŮΪҪЮʱ򣬷ƾͱֵļΪţǲһеĳĹ
ʣ֤ˣԼеŮӣƿǱԼҪҪ
ӦòὫһŸ֪ʲôô飬ıԼҪŶԡ
ѵûеõ飿
ǿ߲ɻĿ΢ɨһԵԱõսսĵͷȥֱӡ
Ǵ򿪴ʱûп飬ֻһŮڡ
мǸЩ˵
ԼǰѾ¶֯٣ǲĻ
Ůӣ
ǿüͷ΢΢һҲû⣬Ƕŷ˵Ҫ֤ûеõ飬ʵܼ򵥣һطΪѻꡭ˵ʵôҾͷǣҲΪ㣬Σ
ãҴӦ㣡
ǺԥģƱһھʹӦϣаɫɵĸõǿɻ
ţɢȥսôڵϣһһĳ˹ȥУŲûаͣͣƺ
üͷ֪ʵ뷨ȴҲû
ƴʦȻᣬĹ
ͻأģһںԺ쳹ûӦʱŮѾǿ˹ֻһ죬ɢһסŮ΢ԥĿһۻڻǰ߶ķƣһǳĹ֮ڡ


1274 ֶ
ѻطһֹϵطഫһλΪoãܹȡԺеļ䡣
ʱȴ׾ٵĴӦȡؼѻ꣬ⲻɵģõ˶Ϊûеõ顣
ǿµǣȴ΢΢
ȡƵļ䣬ǷƵȷûнӴ飬ôҲһڷƵļ䵱е֪ؼԴ
˵ҲѾ㹻ˣңܹ׬һ۷ʦ
ԣ˿Ҳǵ֡
ŮƳȥ֮󣬷ڵͫڣһĨɭâһ
¡¡¡
˲䣬ڣ쳹һװǣǣȴû˿õ˲졣
ʲô
ǿⶸȻһŷƣһɵѹӶȥõķ˫Ŷ˵棬˫֮ϣѹһһֱˣҲѹЩۣЩ΢վȡ
ٺ١
ƲûзûսЩѵ̧ͷǹźˮϳһĨĻȣдϷʵɫһ֣¶һڰɭɭݣЩζĿ˵Ǽʲôѵڵңܹ˺ĵ㲻ɣ
ɲĹڣƣҲһʾСôУȥЩСˡ
ѵһʾСܹ˺ĵ
ߣ
ƺǸܵΧЩɵǿµɫɵһһͬʱҲ˶ԷƵѹ
Ҳȷѵϻܹ˺ĵ󲻳ɣ
ǧֶΣҲԲвĵİΣ
Ȱ㻹ǱˣЩûõֶΣȻûкô
е˵ţԼʵоԵģ۾ŷһһĳԼ߽
˿̣ǷŮٴνŮ°ңڵľ룬Ϊ˭ܹԼƤ¾߷ơ
ԣȻ΢Щ裬ҲûйĶ
Ͼ̫ȥСһСҲǺܶ飡
ʱȻĹŮҲǻعķǿ߳ʱ¶ȵɫûԥģ˶ǾͳȥȴǱǸ޷ȥ
Ƹ磬ȥ
Ůʱһļ٣죬ˮ˻ţ˱ݡ
ģӦò£
첻̾һο
ţԼڣǿ߲̫֣٣Բȡ
תͷҲһǰο񣬶תͷ;У֮ڣȴһĨɫ
֪ǿ߾Բưոݵģ
ңѻȻûнӴǣӦĳܹȡ˼ؼȻǿҲ˵
֮ԴӦȻΪҪŮ
ŮУ̫ΣˣֻҪͷһܹȡŮ
ǷԸģ
Ǳȡ䣬ôԼؽȻ޴棬ţ˽⵽ڶ֮ǿֻ»ΪηԼԺȥ䱨ɱԼ
ԣһͷڷĵȷ
¡¡¡
ĽŲƵͷԼڵı任ĳǰţֻǣĽŲƺĳߵĺܻңڵǼӾһװ쳹
ʣڳϣڣ췣ɫ֮Ǳĳ֮ڣ״ҵײڵھŸϿ֮ϵϣʱǷһը죬ҲǴʱڷ
ţĹ֮ڣΪǿߵıȣս֮ԼأѾĥ֮һңڣȴʣ֮
ƴʱѾּ֮ƿ߲֮ܣȻҪսĸ죬ֻǣ˿ǿȴҲʮ֮ԶľѣϣҲһʱѡ
Ҫڶ̶̵ڳ忪ھŸϿףɲô׵飡
찡찡
ԽԽӽˣвҲЩ꣬Ϊ˲ǿ߿Լ״ɴǱ۾ȻŽŲǣȫ˼ȴǷ˳ھ֮ϡ
忪ھϣܹ췣ҲֶˣҲΨһܹǿǿߵѪùֶΣ
ҲΪƼĵףȴһĨսȻʱҲȻת䣬Ĩͻϵս⣬۳ʵʣ췣һͬ


1275 ϣ
췣ؼΪµЩǿߣҲη֮绢ÿһˣ츳Σɽ٣ǶǾһֻЩƾ豣ֶε˲ܹӵһ
ԣɹһ췣ˣһƣʥ
췣ضл־췣Ƭ򶼻ᱻ췣ͬʱÿһƬÿһʩͬܵĴԣ˶ɽ٣˶ǻԶԶ룬Ҵȥ
ҲΪɽǼΪΣյ飬ԣҪɽ٣ɽٵ˶ǻһ徲ĵ򣬲Ȼǳʲô飬ǿɾٲˣ

¡¡¡
˿̣Ƴװ쳹һϢţ΢ƺЩʹɫƺھʲôѵһ΢Щ鴤ˮ졣
ߣװŪ
ĽŲӵķŻǿ߲һǳĥĥģֻҪ֤ûеõ飬ȻΪ㣡
֪ΪΣķˣȻЩ꣬ƺЩõ޲ھͽסҲǵԼҲΪǺԣҲǳ
ͲˣһʾСô̵ʱڣܹŪʲô˺õԼ
ƲûлӦ෴ģڵǿǾκһõӣǲϵĶţŲͣģڵƺ궯ĸΪˡ
ս֮룬˿̣Ƹ绢ųھŸϿ֮ϵϣֱۿɼٶڵȥϵӨӨ֮⣬ޣ˿̵ϣûǰ鶯УȥһϾɲ˻ҳĲô޹⡣
Ƕ̶̵ļʮ׵ľ룬ڣ֮ϣȻǾֻʣ󵭱һ㡣
䡭
һγһ״һһεײһϣõ仺ȥ
ˣȴǧ꺮һڻԼأʮΣȻҲû˿ı仯
ģ㰡
ƺܵǿߵĿ⣬ٿôһֵиǼļĵȫһзĳ
ҹ
ǿͲסˣһ֣һͣ½Ųķƣ֮ȡ˹ȥ
꣡
;Уս񽣽棬ҲӵľҶǿǰʱ򣬶ʱڱǴһǲ
ô£
֪ΪΣ֮ǿͻȻĸоһëȻĺëһĵĿŷƣͬʱһɽ˹ȥҪ׵Ľ֮ѹơ
ˡ
ڽ֮סƵʱһ쳹𣬶ӵǷһģֱô˵ϡ
ǿķ죬Ķ΢΢һͣٿǰķƵʱ֣ǰСͻȻľʧһ
ǰǣȴһֹĸоѾˣ٣ĸӦΧڣѾû˷ôһˡ
ָоЩͷ磬ǰˣѾ˿ڡ
죬ǵأǿһ翵ƣӷ˳Χڣ
֮ͬʱڤϿգһɫĿռ棬ģѾۣۣγһīɫңЩīڵں֮ڣһЩɫĵ绡˸ţţʮˣһɳƣŵգѾڤĸ߿ӡ
ٺ٣
һ䣬ԭǱ۾ķͻأ۾һ˫Ѫɫ˱ָһ죬¶һڰɭɭݣģֻ֮⡣
ô
ˣǿжȻһɲԤУûԥһֱֻۣƵͷҪʩѻؼ
ȥˣеĸ꣬
¡¡¡
ͻأģһ׹ڳ쳹ֱӾÿһ˵ģõҲһ̶ţţһɳƣţһеϢԷΪģĸǶȥ
췣
˲䣬һڳ쳹ʱһڳ˿һԸǿǼǲҪһԶȥƬڴţ
˸ûκ׼£췣ôǾֻ·һ


1276 췣
ڤ죬һƬΪ˵һ粻ͬĿռ䣬ⷽʱڣһּɫĹ죬ǴʥܵѰʥԽ֮ʴʬ޴棡
ԣڴڤϴ֮ĹҲûжܹȥ
Ͼ챦壬סɫʴľ֣ȴҲǳصģǴʥضᱻЩ˺
ʱڤȴҲۼˣ󲿷壬Ҳ٣ڤǰţҪ֪˶ǿڤǰȥҺɫƺҪȥǣȴЩ̻̣
ΪڸղŲãĴʥѪǱı˳ǳڤ죬ͻ˿ռߣǶûаͣͣʲôֲ׷һ
ⲻ˻ɣǲѾʼսˣȻǿʥܻش
һЩۼˣϡܹʥıɭɭ׹Ƕ¶˳ɼʱ֮ң
ԣһЩ˵˼ҪȥˣڤҲԽԽ࣬һЩ򶷣ѪĴ˱ɱ
ʵһУ

ͻأģһ˳쳹˳ţ˱ǿڤڣЩɫǳˮһĳ漱ӿ˳˲䣬ͽǿһЩ˸ûڡ

ʱЩ˱ɫзѪ죬ⸯãڱʴţ̣ǵ£Ѫⶼɫޣһ̲ˮڣֻǻϵĲҽ
ô£
ǰľ˶ֱסˣھǾ֮⡣

ڤӿ˳ûͣЪ˼Ǿĺˮ಻ĳ汼ӿ˳Ǻǳһһһľϯ˳ûзӦǿ߶Ǳû˽ȥʱƬڱһһľ󣬼Ϊ}ˡ
ʱû˻ܱ򶨣϶ĶˮЩǿǶǱͷ˼
棬һʱڲֹǻңҼΪ
ôΪڤڵӳ
֮Щˣڤǰĳ棬ʱһľ㵵ɫʯһվ
ڤ죬ȷһǣǰȴǴûз
ɫǳˮڤϱӿ˳˲䣬˼ʮ֮ԶһڣľɽʯһЩޣԸǿߣڱʴʲôʣ¡
Щ춯Ǳѹһ˱ӿ˳Ű
¡¡
ͻأģһ˳˵ע⣬ǿڤ֮ϵ񷣬ʱǷ֣ԭĵϣһƬīһڣһĳ˷ӣڣľ˸õҲΪ֮
ڶɽ٣
һЩмʶ˶ʱ;ļļ񣬾ǼʲôΪµһңҲٴγźȥ
ʲô
жһţƬڵƲ㣬ڶǳ˾ɫ
ɽ٣
ƾ֣ѹ¼ǿߣûܹȻ֮
ʲôˣȻڤڶɽ٣ѵǲҪ˲ɣ
ûܹ⣬Ϊλ˻ѡֽڶɽ٣ѵͲԼٲ
Ϊһϵе䣬ʱ˸ǶڤڵŨŨĺģֻǣǱӿĳˮȴҲû˸ȥӽˡ
ҲΪˣԣЩ˴󲿷ֶû෴ģפԭأȴŽ

ͬʱڤڣĹſڱڣҲǻһƬЩԸǿǶûһĳԶ䣬˲ʲôӡ
췣Ǳ췣Ǿֻ·һ

ǷӦǿ߱ǸܵԼһǿˣʱµɫֱӱһƬ
췣ôܻ᲻֪ʲô
û췣ˣ
ͬʱɡ֯ԱҲͬˣңһƬѩףûɫ
̫ˣһʱ򣬱˲סǣǿҲûϵ˿̻췣ңĿ꼸Լ
췣ôģ
̧ͷǳƣڣһƬ


1277 Ȼ
췣ʵģҪŻή٣Ҳ޵;У򵽸̵ġʱ򣬲ŻᴥӶ췣ԣҪ췣ʵҲһ׵顣
¡¡¡
ʾ쳹oŭģеԣڤڵ˻Ǿ֣ΧޣԶԶ뿪Ƭ
ڳƣǸĳ񣬻ɢӣŵѹ䣬ﶼоһϢѹƬ̣Ƭڣû
ѹѹĽѹʱԭƽڤҲˣڣЩڵҺһǽƼѹ˳ȥںһʯͷһĵӳڤ죬Ǻһ˷ɢʴһУ漫ĺƴ}ˣõҲ˲СĲҾ緢
췣ص־һڤ죬Ҳ谭췣ۣ
ǹɻǿǶȴˣԶԶ뿪ȥֱ˳˽ƷΧ֮󣬲ͣΣΪ㵵Ŀϵ䡣
ΪܹڤǿߣǶֱ仯˿İҲ˵еʣ
ӡԶҲ޷ǵĳ棡
ڵƲ㣬ɫĵ绡ǿٲĿ֮
Сӣôô³ç
ĻҲǴһ˶ǶĹԶԶĿüͷɵٴ
ɽ٣ɲܹЦģһ΢Сʧ룬ͻһ
Ҳ׵˷Ƶ뷨ʱҲЩССĸж
ǿߵǿҲǼʶˣĹڣѹͬһ֮ڣ֣Ҳ·磬ǿ߶ֻǸǻĺܲң
ԣҪȥ췽ҹ̷ܵ顣
ҪԸǿߣҲֻһֶˣȻʥѧĴԸȣȻûлĿܡ
Ȼ첻֪ƾûеõ飬ǣ˿ô϶кܴأΪҪԼ°ߣ
һĵСӣ
ȻеǣȴһĨɼĻȡ
췣
磬ŮɫѩһƬûɫһƬ̻̣ˮл׶ˣ𾪣þûز
췣ôģ
¹ص۾ʶ૳
ϣʱʣ˷ƣǿߣɡ֯Ա
濴ȥƺûд췣ĿܣԣһʱڣûܹŪף췣˭ġ
ŮǴԭƮƮǳǾϣȻûа仯ֻǣһ˫峺ӣȴǷϺѹѹƲ棬ģƺ¶ĳ˼ɫģȻŲӣͳĹſȥ
ȥ
һֱע̬ĺ죬Ƿ춯ʱѵ
ܾãŮӲǱ濴ȥô򵥣һУ紦У׽
ǣǶ˺ġ
ŮӲ΢΢üͷһЩǵ˵

ȻһߵŮһĨɫԼܹӦˣģ
ȻŮӾô£ǣ췣ȴǲһĶٹ췣£һͬʣ
ǴһɣڳȥƿǻŶ
ԥǳŰŮȥصĳ˵

Ů΢һȰ˵£һͬ߻˵˺վţĿĶ̬

ģ
ǿߵĶͷϵƲ㣬඼ڳ鴤ţµɫѿ˼㡣
㿪췣ǣ֣Լƺʹ췣ģԣʱ򣬾ֱԼõ㿪ĻᶼûУ
ĿɨԱûϷ쳣Ĳ
ѵ
͵ĻͷһĿ⣬ֱڴŵЦķϣʱͫ΢΢һкȻ㣿
췣ģֻԼˣ쳣ģҲͷƶѣ
Ǻǣ
ƵһЦȫûҪ췣ֵģ෴ģ˿̵ȴԵúΪɡ
ôһλǿ߸ԼᣬҲֵˣ
ѵӵаϣԲ췣
ûзϣ΢һ˼ʱǿЩĽڳ쳹ڣܼ


1278 
飬֮ڣػһöˣΪһ˵ģΪãԣ˳֮Ϊˡ
ˡϣֻг忪ˡˡϣܹ֮ڵġɷʥ
ǣȴһˣˡ֮ϾͱѰҪһϣ
һϣ֮Ϊϣ
ƾ֮ʥ֮ƿصʥܣ󣬶ңƾϣٶȣҲǳܱģ
мأа֮˳ɹɹ췣ûƾκǶ̶ʮ֮ڣͳ˴ʥ磡
ٶȣν£ǳ˸޷ٶȣ˵ʱǰ֮˽ʥʱ򣬾Ȼʮ꣡
ʮͽʥĵزȻ֮ʧȥϢǣȴû˻ܽʥ۷壡
ʱǿ߲֮ǰƵ춯
ǲڳ𣿣
ȻʱɣܹĵϵѾ۷ĵزԣΪӦ׼ĳؼѡ
˵ǷˣѰʥ͵ϮҲоԵܹ֮޻أ
ԣΪԼӣҲûЩȴ̫ˣ
˭ܹ뵽ǰһһ֮أ
ʱǺڵĳӶˣǳĺɫƣĶһ鴤š
͵ʴף
Σıˣ
ôҲû뵽ԼȻбһСôһ죡
ʲôϣȻӵϣ
ǿߺĻ֮˶ޱȾ㵵Ŀŷơ
֮ˣ
ѹ֣츳Ȼ˵ܹ⡮ɡ֯ĳԱ
һжӭжˣ
һתۣԶǿڿɡ֯˵Ŀͱˣû֮ǰη壬ǳ˵Ϸ֮⡣
˻֮£˿û׼£ǿߣҪҲǺˣ
һȻӵаϡ
л׶ǿ˶Էڵ֮ɫ
Ƶ츳õǶҪΪ֮ʣ
رл׶ļǵãһμƵʱ򣬷ƲǸոսѣתۼʱ䣬һǳΪԼҲ޷Ĵڣ
ȷõЩܲˣ
ǣһжڰϵĻϣȴ˺Ľ͡
ͬʱҲˣΪ˵Ǳȡ½ȵһʱ򣬷ƻ˵ԼΪˣ
ԭ򣬾Ϊ޷ʥף
һ޷ʥ׵ˣ츳ٹҲ޷ʥ֮࿹
ܹ𣿡
ڶǻ˵ǵɫ
֮ˣؼ䲢ټÿ꣬߰ңᴫа֮˳ǣһ⣬ȫǵ췣֮£
ٲһ
ƣΪһٸǸ֮һ
ҲΪǷƣ˿̣ǾȻֻҲûˡ

ļһ㣡
ǰǴŵЦ⣬˳ɫķƣǿŭ𷭹ţһɾĴƴ˳ֱӾշơ
Ҫ𣿡
ûаη壬еģߵľ
ǣȴ֪Լôһ
³çĴ
ŭ쳹ţǱһǳǳĻȣƺǻϲ
ৣ
ĪƼշƵʱ򣬴ĶͷλӳһӨӨ֮⣬˲䣬ͽڣңֱӾǿߵĽһ룬ǳǿǧ֮Զĵط
¡
޴ѹշǿǰĴֱӾȥǵһܱߵĴضһţһ
ţ
ķͻȻԼĽǿ߶ʱһԶķƣڳ˴㵵ɫ
һʥ׶ûнСȻܹԼƿأ

ȻѾʧȥ׷ɱƵĻᣬϣֱ£ŻһеĴƣֱˣƲһ
Ƶǵ췣Сֱ۰׳ǣɡ֯Աȴг˵ĴȰ׳ǿߡ
ǼֱǱˮ׻Ҫ׳޴µʱؼ䶼һƬ׵ɫռ䶼ǳʵʰŤΧһƬڣϢӣõԶһˡ
ͬʱǿߵŭҲ췣û˲һƬ׺УڣĺòңϵǼ¶ֱӻһˡ
Աң
ǵһ췣ûκ׼£Ϊ췣ηʱЩֽţ췣ǱǱһӣǱ˵£ţȥǴһĲҽǻָ˳š


1279 һ
ʦ𣿣
ٴ۾ʱ򣬷ƱǷԼѾǿǧ֮Զľ룬ʱǱһǳǳЦ⡣
֪Ƕˣû뿪ΣҲ׼ˣϱضԼԣŸ˴һѣ
Ȼǿ߷ʱ򣬷ϱǳˣ
Сӣ֪㱻շˣ
Ƭ̣ŭ쳹ͷһѣΣԼ췣˱ң
ٺ٣İʦֲǵһ췣ˡ
ƲΪ⣬кٺһЦ췣ɫһһɵĽɫδɢȭͷֱӾ
̣
һɾ˵ȭͷ汬˳ȥײһ𣬶ʱǱŷһ޴ը̣ʵʵͱѿĵ绡䣬Ű
ȻǾԲ˷ܹռ췣Ļᣬһ쳹ǷһģһĪĴϣ쳹ΧЩڵ췣绡ַ֮£ûǰƣֱƽ󣬾ۼԪ֮ڣתתš
Ը췣Ҳǵһˣ
ԣϲûаηɫ෴ģġɡ֯ԱȣԵøΪ磬ǲµһȭ飬ɴ䣬ңҲ确ɡ֯ԱҪ˼ɷΧѿĵ绡ʹ֮£治ɫϵδ
Ĳ࣬˹֮
̣һĳԱΪ֮󣬱ҲûгңǸ췣Ҳֹͣˡ
˵ʲôжһ
ԱҲǲôùΪǸû췣ľ飬ԣʱȻǿļǣЩҡ
ǿɲܺͷƱȣǣЩɢĵ绡˵ҲģǱСĵķ
Ǽʱ䣬˶Ǳ¶ΣϵҲѾϵ˿ڣصĵطܹɭɭ׹ǣѪȴ޷ȥ˼Щֻæҵķ췣
λǿߣǣȴҪõĶࡣ
ϾҲǵһ췣ˣӦࡣ
°
һ˫貵⣬һƺƥأڤڣҲһڵѷ죬µӼ࣬³ɭĻ
䣬֮ϣһɫĹڣʥ࣬˿̣ǻΪoڹ֮ڣƸΪˣ֮࣬Χأƶţһڵѿڲϵ֣ΧǳֳʵʰŤС
¹ӡ
һˮ׻Ҫ׳˫һµ۳һԲ̣һԲһкƴɢֱӾײȥ
¡
Բ°Բ棬ʱֱըΪǧ绡˷ŰȥԲ̣Ȼ˿
Ȼֱӽ֮Ժһ壡
Զǿ߾Ŀ⣬ǼʲôΪµһ
һ壬ǰ½Ϊϵ壬翲˵Уں֮ڵ壬ڰ½ϣдǵټңÿһǼΪǿ󣬿ֱӽĺ֮
Ϊϵʱڣһ壬ǰ½ʵڶĴ壬ʱмʮ峼ںһ֮£
ֻǣþڣսǿ󣬱Ƕ˳ȥԣһʵҲֱֽ񣬺һʵѾ˵ģ
ǣһǿӹɣƽʵһ壬ǰĴڣ
Ϊʵ̫ǿڵĺһ壬Ҳʵڵλ
ԣǿ¶Լʵʱ򣬳ԸǿǣǼΪηĿ
ȻǺһ壡
ĹڣһĨ⣬ɫ
һǿߣ뵽ɡ֮֯ˣɼջж
ԣҲڸǰĴ壬ҲҲ˼뵽ɡ֮֯ڣǣɡ֯ĳԱǴߣ֪һ壬ǣȴҲûܹ֪ʵݣ
Ӧøеңܹʵݣ
˿̣ǿͷԲ£ϢԺµoĿֱֱԶķƣ³û˿еĻ


1280 ˣ
¡¡¡
ѹѹƲ㣬ֱƵ棬ѹﴭϢڤⷽԲﷶΧ֮治ĶڶѨҶ
ûǵˣǵģԶԶһƬǰľ󣬾ĩһ
˿̣ڽƵģϵĽȴĸش۵ĸΪ񣬶ҺȲһƵĲҲһغϢӣһһһȥ
Ǵʱԭǻ谵ؼ䣬ȴΪѹѹĽ֮£ȻһԲ
ϵԲѾûκ𣬾ǱժһϢΪƴѹȵ˴Ψȴ
¡
׳ҵײɫԲ֮ϣײһԲһֱӾͺȻըˣԲ£ȴ˿δ
ĳ棬ΪģԶ˶㵵ĿһĻ
ԡɡ֯һλʵٴ𺳵Ŀɿڴ
Թϵĺһ壡
ã
ǿɭĻжȻһֱӱǳԶȥͣ
ʧˣ
ҲԺһǿ޷ɹԼ췣ǣԲ᲻һȻҲнĳɾ͡
췣־أڣǵһ췣ѣطӦ磬ָ˳ֻ̬ǣ˿ȴһŭȼţһ˫â˸˸ڣĺ⡣
һʾСƳҲǶˣ
ˣ
Ĺڣɫһ䣬ŮҪȥȴΪ
ЦǽƣڴȥôǵһʱͻҪ췣Ǹʱ򣬱˵ȥȷƣ췣ҲӦˣ
죬ʱҲ޲ˣڵ⣬Щңȴǽ˵ж
ֳ֮£ȥҲȲ˷ƣὫԼҲϣʱЩСǶ
϶ѣ
룬µһĨĻȣ³ģһֱָֻơ
꣡
һ°ɫֱӾʹָŷ˳һһ㣬Ŵ̶ǻһֱŷƶȥһ·ϣһڵѷ졣
ʦ𣬾
ܵǹԼƻëмС
СӣǺ𣿣Ȼǿ߶ǣ
ԺڣϵŭͬʱһӨӨ֮⣬ȴǴӷƵĶͷ˳˲䣬ͽڡ
޵Уǲ壬ڰ½֮ߣЩǿߣҲû٣ǰǿߣֻ¾ȫʢʱҲ޷ȡʤԷοѾɣвʶѣǿߵĶ֡
飡
ӨӨ֮⽫ư֮ǻֱӾͻڷƵıȻǲӨӨ֮ĸ룬ǣǰľǽֱײĺɳȥӨҲѣıըˣа׹ֳɫѪҺһ£ҲԶ˺ܳһξͣ
ȿȣ
ڹײϵһ˲䣬ƸоԼ˹ȥǱһֱըˣڸҲܵ˼ĳ涼ѺۣһɫΪѩףʹЩŤſڣ³˺üڽɫѪҺҲûˣֻܼٵĽũҩҩȫȫ޸Ĵˡ
̶ֳȵĹڵֿܹ˵ģзõһӻӨӨ֮⣬һ֮£ʬ޴棬ͻᱻըʲôҲʣˣ
¡
©꣬һʱȴֱڷƵϣѪſҲ˵ص֮£ңһײϵ£ֱǽơ
Ƹ磡
ĹڣŮĻ۾ˣứ˻ţȴôҲѲ˺Ľ
ؼ䣬ʲôۿԼֿǰΪпأ
һ̣˵鶼ܵ˼ĳһɾŭǵȼţ
죡
һ壡
ɡ֯
ǿӡ֮ϣ
ҲûȥЩǿǶԿǣҲᱨ֮
ˣ
л׶¹أ飬ӣǵ۾ڣѪ˿űʹ𾪣ŭԹޡ
ûУ
ѩĮڣһĨ临ӵɫͻָ


1281 
ǿ߶ԷƶֵʱˣΪƱɣ
ǣȴǴ
Ȼܲңǣȴûбը飡
Ѿ𾪵ˣǿߣڶһĨ㵵ɫ
ţƱΪ췣˵£ѪҺ¶İɭɭ棬ѾشԶˣ
Ǵʱǽʮȥˣȴɻûͣ
˵ʲô
ԣڶ췣ˣûȥȻǰǡɡ֯Աһȥ췣ͻֹˣ
ôܣû˷֮ˣ
˽Ծǲµףڣ¶˼ɫ
֮£ǣҲԲҴ
ΪǿۿˣǱ췣ֱ֮еģͭǣҲữΪٻң
δģ

һҽɡ֯ԱеǸŮӣΪĹۿߵУֱӾըˣһѪֻ꣬ǸһĲҽֱӾŵǸԱҲҷģȫ췣
ֱðˮڵǷʥ˽ףǶɹ췣ҪʥΣҲûҪһ췣У
ʱԼ

ٴα֮󣬴ӷƵĶͷϣһӨӨ֮⣬ֱӽסһһ췣ӨӨ֮ⶼֱסˣԣƲǽһ
Ȼ֮£Ҳһ
ȿȣ
ٴܴشƴڵĿѪɫѾƻĲӡ
ȫըˣѣѪſҲ̶ãǰȱõȥѪڣֱܹอǯ}ˣ
ڵҲòȥܵصĴˣˣЩϸСѪܻţشǷϣֱͲˣǣʵǿ̶ȣ˵󣬲Ȼһͽˡ
ֻǣʱҲֹۣӵг˵Ļָũҩ޸һʱᣬҲǲȬˣ
Сӣ㻹вУҿɳŲסˣ
ЩԺ쳹õԭ㱵ķ΢΢һѡ
ʱõģɶľԴƵǿߵһĵʮףӨӨ֮⣬ѾѸٵȥȻܹǷȫǣȴѾûǰǰ鶯ˡ
ȻҲǲܣһֱȥľԴҲᱻĥɾʱ򣬾ǳ׵ˡ
ҡ
ҪǣϵľʹȴվҲվſڣҪٳһᣬָǣ۵ʱǷ֣ԼϵӨӨ֮⣬ѾǰӨɫǻҰɫˣƺʱܻϨ𣬶ʱ͵һ
ʲô
ʦɣ
еһȻһתսһ˫۾ֱӾͱĳһƬһϢ籡˳
־֮ˣ־δޣսⳤ棡
£ĻҰֱ֮ʧˡ

ֱ۰׳ֱս۷âӲȥײһ𣬶ʱǱſҫ۵Ĺâ߽飬ĵ绡ХŰȥҲķƤӶɫѪҺԭѾ΢޸Ĵˣһεı˺ѣĪ쳹Щɢĵ绡Խ˺Ƭˡ

ǹιǰʹдвá
̰ôܲأ
ң仹кܶŲ£ˣӡ
Ǵʱ˿̣ûκΰ취ȥµ췣ˡ
¡
һȻΪսֿסǣɢĵ绡ȴǽƵϵĴ˺ѵĸΪˣڵҲ𽥵ļţǻһѣεĸоڳ񾭣Ӷõ籡ս⣬ҲЩ

ٿһµʱ򣬷вһ̾
־ڣ壬Ҳֲסˣ
꣡
ȻٴǿıˣǣȴǺΪۣǵصڷƵϣҲǰ׹ɭɭƤ
ڼٵļȥ
ͻأģһȪůȻģʹÿһϸ֮˳ңѸ٣ۿɼٶ޸ŷеĴˣѪڵһʱͱֹסƵʱͱǿҵһɹǿ¡¡죬Ҳһ㵭ɫĹâ


1282 ˺ҷ
ů
ǴڷһּΪÿһεĳ֣ԼΪٵ޸ϵĴˣԣůֵʱ򣬷Ʋ΢΢һбһɿϲ
оˣ
ȻůµĵطƶǸܵһɾ˵ھѣЩƤĵطۿɼٶš
Ƭ̣ƱǸоԼ״̬Ѿָ۷״̬ЩůٴγȥӰ٣ƾθоҲûҵټǰߡ
ůһֱڣֻǣÿһζҪȵͿݵʱŻ֣ÿһΣǽıԵ
ΣҲ⡣
⾿һʲôأ
Ҳ벻ף⾿һʲôΪλ˵Ч
ǰϻǷҵĵǣڿӦòǣ
Ѿĵڵķ˵Ѿûжôˣǲܹ޸Ĵˣ
˵벻⾿Ǵðˡ
ڣҲɲȥ룬Ϊϵ췣ɲʱ䣬µٶܣǻļӾţÿӦһȭͷϣǴһҵʹʱᱻѪſ
켶۷ũҩҩԴڣЩСˣǲܸĲ㡣
ô£
Ǵ֮²ϴһЩը˶ɵȻ첻Ŀ
ڵƺڶԿ췣췣ֱȥ
˵Ҳûܹһֱܱ췣ôʱɣ
ңƱȥʱ򣬿ѾһϢˡ
һһϢģƾʲôڶԿ췣
йŹ֣
뵽ŷƳǿһȻûǱǻ
û
л׶˶ǵԲ۾ھһƬ˼ɫŮϲ档
Сӡ
ҲԼЩڸ˵
˿̣ǿͷ£ϢһȦȦ°ɫĹΣoһĿ⣬ҲͬǷ˷ȥ֮ϣ´µɫ෴ģӵŨüͷҲǽһһ֡
뵽ͻȻԼĽ뵽һбЩˣСϣЩĴڡ
⣬ԲһʾܹӵеֶΣ
ߣҵҪ㾿ǲʲôֶΣ
ǿһһĨâ
ԽԽˣҪѻؼȡƵļ䣬Ҫ֪Сʲô飬Ϊܹӵ˵ֶΡ
ţǶź£ŷڵӱƽ
ã
ܵһǿڽӽԼǴ֮£ҲףֻǸ˾ǧϹɲϷŹԼ
ô죿
˾Ʒƽһ˼·Ժȴûһõġ
ǿǰκֶΣͬ裡
УҪ
֪ԼжĻôӲǿߵġ
ֻǣҪβܹ뿪أڵֶΣǿ£ֵһᣬأС
ʱǿѾ⴦棬£ķƣͫ͵һ͸¶һĨ𺳵ɫ
˵һʾСһʥһ֮ҲԲùǣǰķƣܹ˵ˣ
֣һɽ֮ƣģʼ췣£Ҳǿͷϵĺ˿䲻
㣬ҳԾҶҲԽԽȤˣ
ǰָƽķƣǿߵĿˣгŨŨĺġ
ôǣҶû˿Ȥ
µͷƷƽǴһĨĻȣڣζ
ԼҲһ׳ˣ
ǿµǺݺݵĳ˳飬һĨ˵ţܻ˵ҲĻ
ǣһУھԵʵǰǺôģ
ֳһصĹâ貣ˣ˿һۣƲߣƺһʷ׳ʵĴ硭
ģƣƵͷ­
˺ҷ
ͻأģһ쳹ʱ䣬ƺֹΧ޾ĺȫţؼ䣬ֻʣһĴڡ
ǿеĶҲȻֹƺ飬һ˲ܵһǿĳϵĺëʲôΪµһ


1283 Ů
һŰɫȹŮӣ
飬貨·裬һɫĹλƣƮݳѣһͳڷǿߵм䣬˲һٶȿ쵽ǿҲ׽
ϼˣޱȣ̣ռһ覴ãɵս٣ʱϣȴǹź˪һ˫֮һƬĮһУû˿УһɭϢӶﶼܹᣬһĪϯȥΧһƬžû˿ƺض£
ৣ
ܵ־ǿ߸ƲסԼǼʲôµһ͵ĵǧ֮ԶңңĿվڷǰİŮӣڣһƬɫ͸¶η壬£΢ϵϣ˺ˮ
֪ΪΣǹɭ֮£ȻԼһСҲҲҶһ¡
Ůӣôվؽ֮£ǳﲻճ֮Ϲβ㵴£⣬ģƺͲΪ䣬Ϻ췣ƺҲûзĴڣȻķƣȴûͷϡ
һĻӡ˵֮ϣǣ
췣ض־ûκܹ췣ҲҪԼ췣
ǣʱܹģŮӳ췣֮£ȴûκ׳£ֱΥ˳޷⣡

Ĺڣ磬һۣڣһƬ𺳵ɫ
ֻ֪Ů
룬ΪĹһγһĴڣ
ԿɼĿ£
ʱ棬췣£ûз˵ѾǳһеĴڣ
ûܹΪΣǼʶĺ죬ǿҲ޷⾿ô¡
л׶ˣĿɿڴĿһĻŵϴ󣬺ɿɡ˵
һֱվ˵ߣںΧǣ֪ΪΣͻأģʧˣȻ󣬱ǳڷƵǰֹǿߵĶ
˿̵İŮӣ֮ǰȫһ
ǰڴˮһûаʣӤ˫ͫϵϢҲΪͣůůһ˵ĸоҲǺΪ磬ûав
ǣʱȴǡǡ෴һ˫ںźĮһУ˫û˿ڣƺľû˸ֱӣǰɭϢӣƺ̧Ͷ㣬ܹ𣬼Ϊˡ
㡭
ıӰҲЩϲ£죬ֱһ췣ŽѣٿŰŮӵʱкǸӡ
Ҳ֪ΪŮӾȻһ־С
ҲΪһ۾һˡ
ҲΪһνܽӴˡ
֮󣬱ǽĸߣ벻ΣѵĹͷվ˳
˵жǼٵģ
ʱŮΣʱ¶ĵڵԼȻһֱֵļΪΪλ˱һչֳأ
ԣƴʱҲǰٰζ
ҲԼᱻѻ꣬Ȼͱշɱ˰ɣ
֮£ûܹԼǣû뵽Ůӻᾪŭ֣Լ
˺ҷ
Ůӿظ仰һɾĴӶ˿ռ䣬ǿֱշȥ
֪ΪΣĹڣĻ֮;òƺоҪһҪĶҪʧȥˣпյģǲ֪ΪΣȴȷԼһҪֹǿôңҲ˶Էô
ԣУһΣӿһַŭҪⷽؼĳ嶯
̣
Īײ˹ȥ˾㵵Ŀ£ͷµǿߣֱӾͱײĺ˳ȥУŵѪ䣬ǰʺ죬죬Զ˺ܳһξͣ
һ벻Ķ
꣡
ͷϵĺ£ֱӾϣĿռǲһ飬󡭡ǽ뵽ռڣһƣһٵȥʣµǸԱ˲ˡ
һĻõȫ˶ǻز
ûǡɡ֯ԺһĳǿߣȻһ˵ѹ£ֱӾǱˣ
ⲻǷˣŮ


1284 ۣ
ӻĹʱڹ䣬Ҳûгۣνļ£Ҳʥ۷ˡ
ԡɡ֯ʵģǴʥ۷֮ϵǿߣ䣬Ѿ۷弶Ĵڣ
ǴʱȴΪ˾ˣ
ѵǴ۲ɣ
˵ھҵĲţĿҿŮӣǵͷڣһƬµ֮ɫ

ǡɡ֯һĳԱҲΪǿߵߣͷҲصĳڤڴȥֻǣȴһУһҽǱ˵£ţһһľײϵȥʮ֮󣬱ͣЪƽ˾
ĳԱ˵ǿ󣬳ɳܹ۷Ĵڣǣȴ췣֮£ɱڴˣ
ʱȴûȥ˵˼Ƿ˰Ůӵϡ
ۣ
˵ļصš
ҲΨдۣܸʱһĽˣȻΪǿ߻ߣ
ۣؼļ£ϵĴڣŵУΨжɹ췣ܹ۾
ǣֽȴûеھ췣ˣǴﵽʥ׵۷壬Ҳ˿Խһ
Ϊ˵Уÿһ֮ΪüµĴ۸Լļ£ӡˣҪͻƵ۾Ѿǹʱǰļˡ
ԣֽҲ˿Գɾʹ֮λ
徹Ȼһλ۴ڣ
ÿһǿߵжڷѡ
Ѿûд۴ڵ䣬һӵһλۣôֽľͻᱻƣ˵ֻҪӵһλۣۺʵƽʵֱӳΪ½һ
ۣܹѹһУͬǿߣûֹܹ˴۵ĽŲ
ٶ࣬Ҳϣʥ۷徳ǿߣڴУҲԴһ϶ѣ
еĲ࣬ʥʻ
ܣԲǴۣ
䣬ǰͷܿͱиƷˡ
һλΪλήٵ˵أ
ԾͲϳңȻһŶʮҵΪôҲ˵ʮӵӣ
Ǵۣˣôܻ¼޸һʮأ
ԣ˵ǴۣҲȻܣ
Ͼӵһλ۵Ļֻ˵ĵ͵½ϳưˣ
ǣǴۣôʲôݣ
ûܹ²ĵǼǿߣҲͷ
ҿҲ̫˰ɣ
¹ź˺ܶΣǼѵ³Լĺڣʱһѻȼţ˵ѡ
ˣŮҲĿɿڴҲˣڣһƬ𺳡
ŮӲǴۣǾҲԶңпľǴۣ
㣬Ů֪
վѩĮڣҲһƬɫ
ŮӣУƺѾصϢҲʮ翣ϾһǣƲˣ˿Ķߡ
˿̣ڣǳתţһĹ켣ɫһ飬ſڣһѪ˳һƬɷס
˭
ѩĮ˸
ΪԼʦܹ˵ƿԼУѵľoһôһƺȫô£кܶˣܶܹƿص˵ġ

¡¡¡
ϵĽƣȻΪɡ֯ȥ࣬ǣȴһƬڣ׹쳹ǲϵ£ĳŷһţ˿ûҪͣٵ˼෴ģӵľҡ
ڼǿƿնȥ֮󣬰ŮڵĵĮĵȴȥΧּһеҲ֮Ȼ޴棬ҲǱỤ̊ͻ˷ˣֻǣһɫĹλƣӳĵ
û°ɣ
ŮתŶԿ췣ķƣǾ֬ϣŨŨĵɫ

Ѿźֻȭףһȭһ֮󣬿ŰŮһλСӵģЩʧҡҡ˵û¡
¡
һ£ֱӾ˷Ƶͷ֮ȥޱȣ϶ð̣绡˸˸
ɫ˰
ûô
Ůһ㶣ҡҷ˳ڷһԣĵʵ
ûû£
ǳ˳飬ҩתܿ죬ǻָ˹ٴµľףѿʵˣûа취Ƭư


1285 

Ůڣվڷԣ̧ͷϺѹѹĽƣ˫˸˼ɫãЩйҡҡͷûа취
Ŷ
ӦһһĨʧܿͻˡ
췣־۶ɵģȻǰİŮҲ֪Ϊʲôԭܹ췣ǣܹ췣Ļ֮ϣoˣ
Ծûпԣ
ҡǲǺûðǽѡ
Ůվһ˫΢΢קڸֳˮ⣬ۿ΢΢ĿŷƣдһЩһҪɷСһûǰǱŮӣر
ãʱ˴ڣʱһ沢ûи˿ȻҪӶҪɳˡ
Ҫ֪Ժһĳǿ߼βߵŮʱ뷲˻ʲô
ûǣǸûʲô
ģƶʱͻæҵҪȥοȴһǱУͷð̣ûȥˡ
ɽٷ񣬼ֱǻˣ
зڱӻ˾ɡ֯ԱһֱӾͻΪٻˡ
㻹ðɣ
ŻЩðӵķƣŮӺűͷЩʵʵվЩ֪롣
ãûʲô£
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬Ҳȥǳ飬ٴη񣬡ȻĹҶɹ췣ͻȥǣ
˵գ𣬾ȭͷ۳ʮؾǳһµ췣ȥ
̣
޴ը쳹޴һ֮»ĵ绡һĵϵĿӿݵģֻһСΪա
ϾԶڹۿҲ̫ˣȻܲع
Ѿ췣ĳ̶ˡ
ȭͷϴʹУƵɫ
Ѿɹһ췣Ȼ˽⡣
ʱҲǹȥ˼Ӷѣ췣ĳ̶ȱѾﵽһĳ̶ȣ֮ļ֮ڿıֹ֮죬õɣ췣̶ֽأ
Ůƺ·ԣǲԾķƣҲûȥֻǵǵĿһۣһƮƮĹſڣһλ·һ
ʲôأ
Զǿ߿һӰ޷ƽ
ǿߣҲͰˣΪ췣ȴ㣬벻׵顣
飬ֻҪǾֲľǶ췣ͽķΧ˭Ҳûа취ӵù췣
ǣǰŮȴˣ췣Ӷ췣֮ȥɣͥ
壿
Ѿôˡ
رƺΪ޷⡣
ôῴһųСأ
Ů˽һ˶ЩӦĿһľǿһһ
ʵȥĹ߽һңǣȴ˳顣
ŮƺȴǲȥǵЩĿ⣬ϰΪһǵĿһۣվһԣվü΢΢ЩǵĿŴ췣֮µķơ
Ů֮УҲͶЩøУҲȽ׽
ΪƺܹӦĵ⣬磬ȴһֱһЩ֮⣬ԣ֮ĹϵԵЩ΢
ŮӾһӤһ˼˭ãͶ˭кøУûаĻ
лл
˳񣬶ŰŮӣֿ˵
лл㣡
磬ҲΪӵĿһۣͬǱԼл⡣
ǶףǰŮӣƾûлĿܣԺϵôʱ˿̣ǵȷǶ԰Ůӳ˸м
ţ
ǰŮӣֿĸмȴЩȻЩĿǡ
˵ƾΪҪˣҲǾԲȱٵˣԣԲκ˺
ҽ
һĨǳǳЦ⣬һֻź֡
ҡ
Ů峺ڣȴһĨãȻ
֪Լʲô֣һеļ䣬һƬհף벻
ԺҾͽ˺𣿡
΢΢һЦסЩСֿ֣˵

ŮƺҲܵ⣬˵ֻҪûôҾͽа¡


1286 
һ췣˵ھŲ㣬ѾܸɶˣʱѾƿ߲֮ǿᣬ⻹ڷԣʱΪҲõĿࡣ
뵽Լɽٵ龰ЩǿǶǾЩա
֪ΪΣܾ÷Щ̫һ
˵ɽ֮ʱڽ֮£һػ־˵ѹƣ˸޷ӳȫǣǰСһǱѹƵӣ
˿̣ƿ̬¶³˿Ես⣬һһĴһһεĳƶˣಫŰ䣬һƬǽ壬ĶĲ
ǣʱƴ˵֮£ȴûаܴĺۼЩͷԡ
췣صĻ־ҿôûܵӰ죿
ԶһʥǿĿתһԵļʥǿߣҲһɻ
Ǹˣӵжܰ
ҡҡͷһĨЦ¶һĨǵɫ
ôţԺɳ˭ѹס
˵壬ͬ嶼пսʱôûأ
ΨһЩϲģҲԹԪλˣվԶǣһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ԼĿ⻹һĶ֮ȻΪλѡųΪأ
Ȼʧ˲ٵᾫӢǣܹ꣬һУֵõġ
Ӧܹͨ췣ɣ
һǿ߿ڣ૳˵Ĺ
˵ǿǰ˻ܹͨ췣ô϶ܹ
벻֮껹ܹ֤һλ֮˵Ҳˡ
һ϶ƣƤһϹŶŸп̾һ
һѾûͻƵĿˣƾֶΣҲֻܹϼʱˡ
ʱȴûǰǰηˡ
ǣ۶Ϊһ뱰΢ԼԼʲôʸ񳤴ȥأ
˶Ҫ֪ǲܵ飬ǣȴƫִȥ׷ţϷ
ȻףȴǷ֣һ·׷ԼĮ飬飬ȴʲôҲûʣ¡
Ҳһ˲䣬ͻأģϹŶԼܱڵһʵʣʲôأ
ͬʱһԺϡļǵãڶɽٵˣŲǰ˵һ仰
ϣкܶĶ׷ʵ׷㣬ҪҪĶ࡭
ʱúЦôһ룬Ǳ˵Լ̫ɱ
˰ˣ
ҡҡͷȻʣһ۷ƣҲȿתȥƹ췣򣬳ڤȥ
Լ֮꣬ҪһЩ飬һЩ顣
ʱ⣬λϹŶȥΪǻлŵСĹС
кܶ飬ȷҪһ̲ܹ͸
磬ЩվǿԵǣڳľױȵĿȡ
ĽƵǿҪ̶ֳȽ׷

¡¡
һˮͰ׳ľףǺѹѹĽ֮ڻһɭİߣһֻһеϢֱͷΧĻ谵ضˡ
̣
һľǵĳ£ֱӱ˵£Ѿ˺ۣѺӣɫѪҺҲһ㵭ɫ
Ѿ߲췣ˡ
ǳ˳飬˦˦ӽľ˵ֱۣǰ׹ɭɭȭͷüͷ
֣ﻹ治һܹɽٵĵطֶܶζûа취ֳ¶
ӡӡ߲췣֮ܵԸҲôǱ
ǣܼӡ
УǱ뿪
һεı췣ƱǳĹȥһۡ
ڽ𣿡
һɫӰĹ֮ڷӶͣ˷ƲԶˮ
ȿȣ
ƿȳ˼ѪǿĳһЦ˵ʲô취뿪һû˵ĵط𣿡
ǱŽҵ̬Ͷһȴû뵽ŮӾȻܹ룬Ҽʱĳ֣ип֡
뿪
ŮһĨ˼ɫǵ˵ͷȻŷƵֱֱۣӾʧԭأټ
Ƭ̣ϺѹѹǺɫһĽƣǾɢȥⷽؼ䣬ٴΪĵĿǽĴأʲôҲûзһ


1287 ½
ǰһ룬ը죬ƣһ룬ȴǻָ˷ƵʲôҲûзһӳڤɫҲڤ죬ֻ±ʴǧٿ׵Ĵء
ʧˣû˿ߵľʧˣҲΪɽٵȥҲɢȥ
Ƹ磡
ŮһʱҪȥڣǾʧ롣
˹ʧ˸׽͸Ҳ޷⣬֪û
侲
һüͷȥһϣӲסŮ
ǣƸô᲻ˣ
ǵ˵ţۿģˮЩˡ
һԣҲòȥ
İɣ£̫˶ѣѵеĵǻ𣿣
ɨһĹ֮ӽЩǿߣЩ˵ţϡ
ʼգƶѡӲ췣ûʩչʲôֶΣ˵к֣ܶ
⡭
ĺǳ֮£Ůǻȶ
ҲȷŷȻԿ췣Ϊ࣬ǣԻкֶܶβδʩչ˵ֻǲڶǰ¶׶ѡ
ô˵ƸӦûµˣ
ǴһĨǵɫЩĲ¡
Ͼǿ췣
ɲ췣ôϾ˿Զɹ
쵭ɨһۣ
Ƶʣ˶ǿУɡ֯ԱĶ֣ɲ췣ѵܹɹ
ãİɣƸһɹ췣ġ
΢̾˿һĨǿЦ⣬С֣ο˵
кγֲأֻǣڵǣҲûκεãֻˣ
ţ
ҧ´Ҳᶨ˵˵ͷ
һԣл׶˻һۣ󣬽΢΢̾Ϣһ
ҲԼһҲ޷ˣ
ϣϣ֮ӣ춼ҪʵĴڣǷĶɹ췣ԺҪһĴˣ
ΨһҵǣԼһң壬֮ڱף
ӣ
һˬ쳹ˣ̧ͷȥǼһλɫεߴĹſ˹
ϣ
ӭȥڵɫ
Ҷ֪ˣû̫ھˡ
ļ򣬰οһ䣬ڣһĨĵˣҲô˵ģ
˵ãҲûƵټΪҪرͻȥϱ˸ǣٹһ죬ɻûѶ
һڣĹڵС½߳ŸԵĳȥֻ˻פƺҪۿǷܹɹɹ췣
ȥˣûκѶ
ǻȷʥѧɣ
ɨһߵļС쵭Ŀˡ
ǣƸ绹ûлأ
һô˵ŮЩˣл׶ҲǲĿ
ѵҪƣ
ȴûãҿȷѾڤˣӦȥطţֻҪɽ֮Ȼǻ᷵ʥѧ
˵֮󣬺Ҳԥʱ䣬Ƿųһ˰ڣǣĹٵĳڤȥ
ȷԵʱǰŮӦǴŷ뿪ȥһ˵ĵطԣǶɽٳɹ֮ҲһỹڤڣٵȥҲ˷ʱѡ
ңΪҪǣƵϢѾ˳ȥпǿڸǽŮץΪʣǲĴˣ
ӵа϶һгѰ츳ţûĸܹɳرЩ֮ǰ壬ǻǧټƵĽ֮ɱҡڣ
ԣŻ˶Ȼľ뿪ȻҲܻסڶС

ܿģڤǱ˳ڰ½Ҳ˲Сĺ䶯
˭Ҳû뵽ϴ֮Ĺĳ֣ȴܹгɡ֯ңһλ٣
ڣɡ֯ĳ֣ȴ¼Ľ㣡
һСڴͬ׵£ԡɡ֯Ա󣬸п˰ϣ췣һԺһġ𡯣ʱҲ֪úֶΣȻλӵһ
һеһУôԽܣ벻ܣ
ǣԽܵǣһλΪۣҲʥ۷İŮӵĳ֡
ڳǿǣСǣǲ֪ôΨ֣Ů


1288 Ծ
ŮһϮ£ƮݳǰĵĴõֻҪǼˣ޷ǣӡϡ
ƾѹԺһġɡ֯ӣ
һϢһ֮󣬱Ǿ˶޷ƽˣһЩ϶ǿڵǿǶǷ׷׳Ҫ֤һʵ
ϾпܣλصİŮӣҲһۣ
㲻Ǵۣ٣Ҳ׼ۣҲѾ۾ˣֻǣ·Ѷ£ǰ벽޷Խѡ
ǿ߳пܻӰ쵽½ĿǰеƣԣҪõȷϲС
壬Ǹų壬Ŀܳһλ˵ǿ𣿣
ܶжôһʡ
ȷʱڣ壬ҲԻ͹Դʱһֱ·ڣڰ½ۺʵļǰһ١
ǣĳһλۣôۺʵƽʵΪһĴڣ
׼ۣôҲпֱۺʵǰʮ
ɴ˿ɼһжӰˡ
ܿģһϢ֮󣬸õİ½ǿȻˡ
ΪλΪ׼۵İŮӣȻƺλСΪҲ˵λ׼ۣȻһǶʮСӣ
ϢƽĺͶһʯ˻ƽˡ
Щڳǿ˵һ£ҵʱ췣ڤ죬û˿ʵ
һ츳ڡɡ֯Աӵаϵӣһ¼УǳΪǡ
ֻǣȴûֻ֪֣֪ɹĶɹ췣ôԺ彫һµǿˣ
ȻҲп޷ɹ췣
Ͼ֮˶ɹ췣ӣڰ½ĵ伮ϼأҲ˶ѣңÿһڶ췣֮ǰӵо˵¼ǳС
ֻǣŮӣȴǳΪһգû֪˭Ҳû֪ӵǵȳʵġ
ڶԸǿ߸ϵڤ֮ȴֻʣһĹ˶ѣĹſĿĴأ֤һδ¼֮⣬ûκεջ
ҲΪһ£ȴõλԺһġɡ֯عˣںһҲӵߵĵλ̫ϳϣֻǣ˲֪£ȴǼ뵽ˡɡ֮֯ڡ
ûܹ֪¼ȴҲûзغһ壡
󣬴һʱ䣬岢δκεĶ飬ҲĳȥڰŮӵĴҲȥ
ϾǵȼǿߣôҲӦù˲Ŷԡ

ʥѧڣ
һ˻֮󣬷δ飬̲˼䣬Ҳûмƽˣл׶һ˱Ǳչأȫʥף
Ͼһʱ䣬Ҳȥһˣǲʥףȹ̾磬Ǹ޷½ȡʲôóɼ
ŮȻǣҲȫ
ε¼ǸԼСҪǿΪǲԸΪƵ׸
ӣҲĹһ죬ٲ¶û߳
һ죬һλһεǳ߽⴦ɽȡ
Ͽȥʮҵ˶ѣȻѾа׷ǣ󲿷ͷɻǺɫġ
⣬ƺʲôϲ£ҲһĨǳǳĻȣ²첻ߣһһŲأմɰ

һ䴸һ۰̨ϵĳҡҡͷ޴볤ָ
ʱ΢Щˡ
ϾѾȥ˽ӽʱ䣬ȴûзʥѧҲЩˡ
ţ
ͻأģļǱһ̧ͷȥǿǸεˣʱɫǷԺ
λߣ켫ԺԺΪģ
Ǻǣʦ
ںǰҲаӣԶģǳź칰֣ЦǺǵĴк
첢ûж飬ֻһۣ߳ٲԼСéȥ
²֪ģܻ
һֱߵéſڴǶ˽ŲҲûлͷô˵ǸŮӵ飬ǾذɣΪҲ֪ҲûǸ֪١

Ϊһ仰ϵЦҲ׷ʵǣ紫ţǺʦ˼Сȥڤ𣿡
ʲôȥ̣
仰éڣҹ˷š
̣
һ֣ɫɫǱЩ̫ȻһѾرյķţ૵ѵСһε½֮ˣ
һĨ⣬һʧȥټûгֹһɽڣҲָƽ


1289 
ڱŮסƵʱ򣬷ֻоǰһڣٴ۾ʱһǳǰ
ﲻǡ
ͫ΢΢һһëȻԭʵϣͻأıƹʱذ쳹һɺƴĻϢѹң𽥵ĳӣõΧ֮ڵޣԶȥͣⷽڡ
Ĺ磡
¡
һըһˮͰҪ׳ףƹֱٷͷˡ
ӡ
ûԥģƷֱóӡңڵ֮˽ȥʱӡ֮ϱһɫ·һɹ϶ֲɣϢӳ磬ɫ󣬽ţһ쳹һɫĴڳҡҷŴ׳ҡϣžĴƣֱײµ
Ĺ統УûҪˣ
̣
ҵײһ𣬰ɫƳ嫣޴צӣһը췣һֱ߲ܵӾͱĵѿȥĵ绡ûпתܾһǿһһΧŰĵ绡ȡ˹ȥȫڣڷ£ԹԵĳԪڡ
໣
ɫĴû˶ͣһֱҡϣڹ˸˸צӣͳźڳĽץȥƺҪƬƸ˺һ

Ŵצһӣֱӱм֮һ飬˽֮Ƭڵƶ䣬ʱͻɫĵ绡к£һȴõ·ķƱһ١
췣˵ģǣڷƣȴǴ֮
Ȼܱˣ
Ǵڽ֮ݵĴƽ¶һĨϲɫĳ΢΢š
֮أǸʱƿ֮һܣʹ൱ӡ췣ʱѾǼΪˣ
ǣʱӡ˻̶ȣȴǱʮ߲֮࣬췣Ҳ˺ѣ
ݷƹƣԴԿ췣Ҳ⣡
ңΪĹ֮ڣƵľ类ѹ۷徳磬ԣ췣ĳ̶ȣҲ½ࡣ
統ʱѭ֮ʱ򣬲һϾ磬µ췣̶Ⱦ֮صܲһ
ڣҲˣݷƹƣ췣̶ܳȣӦԶɽ֮˵ľ籶ȥġ
˿һɡ
һԺĿԼİŮӣƵɫǱЩ̫ȻĿ׻ϣѵ
ţ
ŮӹɵӦһǳԶӶȥ˳˽ƷΧĿŷƣͷϺѹѹĽƣüȴ
ֱƺѹѹĽ̲зӦԲ˵Ķ

һң
ܿģƱжϳʱ߲췣̶ܳȣиϲ⡣
û뵽ĹڣȻܹõ˵ĺô˵ıȥҲھŲ췣Ҳܲﵽʥܵĳ̶ˣ
˵Ļôǻһ
Ͼٹǿᣬʥܵ췣Ҳ޿κΣֿˡ
۷壬ƾӡ֮ӦҲܹ
вϵļţһֿԣڣâӵ
ǾǶ췣磬ֿˣǣ֮£ȴǲһˡ
ҲΪ滹иǿ췣ήܿģ췣ܵĳ̶ȱٴεļӾˣ
췣
̣
һըԭǴڽ֮µİɫֱӾͱһһƬǽ壬֮ȥʮ֮ΧѺӣľɽʯ١
໣
ŷƷĳӡڹ֮İɫĴϵĹٴΣǷҡϿգĿռһը죬죬ǳ׵٣䣬Ʋһ˫ڹ˸˸צֱӾ
ֿܵ˲췣
ڵ֮£ɫĴ飬ȴûаȻɫ
뵱˲췣ʱÿһҪңԼҲᱻĲģǣȴǽȻͬˣ
˺תж顣
ɣҿ㾿ʲôֶΣ
ƵĿںѹѹǸĽ֮ϣе૳


1290 в
¡¡¡
֮ϣأ׹ڣһɫ绡˸ţһΪ}ˣǣƾЩ绡Ĺԣȴ޷ȾܱߵĽƣڵһƬīһ㷭䣬ĵϢƺ֮ڣʲôɲħһ
֮䣬һƬ谵ռڳѹֵĻϢĹڵ޳񣬶ڵأɪɪĳֿµʾԼĳһ
ǣЩ˵Ľ·ȴһһ㵭Ľɫ֣һʥһĴ
ϣһԲ̣Բ֮ϣһЩµ·ʱһ棬ŰɫĹâӿѪһţȫĳķʽӿ뵽ԲܱߵĴڣʱһڹ˸˸һɫĴǴԲڿն𣬴ž춯صĴƣҡϣײµ
꣡
ĵ绡ƵһһЩ绡ȡ˹ڣΪá
ʱԪڵ췣ҺһˣΪŨңҲкܴ
ΪЩĶ٣෴ģΪڵַ
ԷƵ֮ڣӡˡÿһ򿪵Ͽ쳹˳۳һصǷһΪģһֺƴϣġƺϵĽƲΪơ
ڣΪǾŸϿףԣԪЩ췣ܣųֳĺۼ
ԣҲ˵ҪЩ췣ܣҪģۻ췣ĲΡ
¡¡¡
ͻأģϵĽƲ෴ģЩ£ǹɻһŨֱѹ棬Ϣ
ˣ
ƻһһ˫Ǳ˳ɫ棬ѪڷһɱƴڱŷΪɷȥԵħһ
ˣ
֣ͼ̣һֻoһĴӡ۶ɣͨ尵ңڸһһµĴƣΧĿռ䶼ڲţһ֮Ǻһĵȥ
ȻھŲ췣٣
СӣвУ
ЩԺȻЩʵζ⻰УȴǸܵһŨŨĹ֮顣
ʦ𣬻ڵԼʱ
ʦ𣬷İɣܹӦˣ
֪ΪΣƾñЩᣬаһͷȴǼᶨ˵
¡¡
һը쳹ϵĽƱѿһĿӣ޾׵һкǵأϢһ̱ļŨضһ̲ţռ
໣
ڷƵĴ߶£ӡ۳Ĵҡҷˣӭȥһצӣ죬ǱϣЩµȫ飬Ϊĵ绡
дıӻƴʱҲƵЩǱУ϶ѿ˺ۣɫѪҺҡ
ˣһֱûʹ۳ķӡһֱܣƴϢӣЩ棬Ҳֱӱ飬ûɶӰ졣
ʵģҪƾ跭ӡԿһ췣һ
ʱڽ֮ڣȴԵЩžû·ĺһ޴׵۶ɡ
ƺѾ߱ԣһ˫ɫ绡˸˸ڣ飬׳ŻصϢܹݻ˵ǡ
Ȼûгʾ磡
һֱϣΧӿд󶨡
ȻǹϢΪǿ󣬵ǣȴûƿռĺۼԣӦûгʾŶԡ
ֻǣǽƵĳ棬ڼ֮ڲ̫һΪ֮ϣһžĽƴڡ
ŽǺܴ󣬳ǶʮƽңĴڣΧĽƶԵЩ룬ȥɫΧĽƻҪڣңûа˿绡ԶһīһһɫǦһʵģȥڳĳֲֿ
ʲô
ǿһۣƾȻ;ûëһ졣
ܹоĵڵĽƣֲĶв̶ȳǵҲŲһĽƣǿҪٵв


1291 ֲӰ
໣
һɫʵʰĵ绡۶ɵľϢ˻һеĴƣ׳𶯿ռ䣬Ĺ鶼һ֮²ţڵĳӶˡ
ӡ
ûԥֱӾͽϵİɫӡ˳ȥռһ̫սշžƣֱӾײڵľ
ৣ
ӡɫֱ׳Ʋ֮Ծ£̧צץ򰵻ɫӡ

ڿצӡʱ򣬷͵һʱɫӡֱӱ˿һžľϯֱӾͳͷϣֱǽ֮࣬н֮Զ
¡
ûȶʱһɫĴ·ǰٴαѣγһɾ޴ϫҵĳϣըĴ׳һΣ˫ڣ鶯Ҳ΢˲١
Ȼˣ
Ļд󶨣ûԥģӡϵĳײȥȻбըȻûеһӡǰܣǣȴõٶȱĻңһ·ĳҲõϵϢ˫ӣûǰǰ鶯
ȻƵŬȡõЧҲǼΪ
ˣȻЩãǣȴ޷ֹĲϲͽ˵ħ죬һУӡ۳ĴǷӡ籩˫צץ飬Ǵ޿ƥеƣײơ
ɱ
֮£ϲûа⣬һ˫һƬɽ籡űƣϲû۷ӡ෴ģһֻɫȭףһһ˸ŵ绡İɫ޽ǳУû˿ԥģһֳӡһִŴȭףž޽𣬲˷ײ
Ǹܲ˵ĶԶԶҪӱҪõĶࡣ
սķƣ̵һ֪ȥҲҲɻô
̣
ɫľȱըˣһž޴ϫҵĳھ֮ϣõ΢΢һͣɫڣȥһȦټ
򣡡
ҲûãƱڵγһھ΢Щʵʱž޽ѾɱǺԥģ޽ǿٵذƣӸ£ֱӾնھͷ­֮ϡ

ɫŵ绡ľ޽ײھͷ­֮ϣȻǱŷһӵҲ֪ǲҲ˺ܴЧһĳ֮£ɫȻնʮ֮Զ
䣡䣡䣡
ƴϲʮֵ侲ֳӡĳ֮һɫգֱӸȥбըϵĳըסȥȻ˾롣
໣
˵ѹǵŭˣ׳ХһĪĻ׳˳һУΧĿռϵĲҲ˲ʧף̧צŷץ˹
ӡ
ƾٸ߿գںһĨĮԴƺûа⣬ӡ밵ɫһбѣϵĳֹǰĽŲ
ڣ۷ڵ鶯𽥵ˡ
໣
ǻعⷵһ޴ڶȻһĨ貵Ĺâ͵ƲɵĳƣƺҪͬڼţ
ɱ
ĨٴһʱķӡȥͬʱЯŰɫһֳ־޽űϢҲ߿ճɱ

ը֮󣬱쳹һǽ˺ѵټɫͷ­ֱӱɫľ޽ն룬ţ޴ֱӱըһɾ޴ĳϫϯ׵壬ֱӾͱը˳ȥУɫѪҺȥڷƵڣȴǺһĨµľϲɫ
ȻܹһؾŲ췣ˣ
ΣƾԼ쵽ģţ´һ˵ĵشĥһ½ƵֻǸӵ׶Ը
Ҳ˵ʥ磬Ը˵ӦûжѶˣ
ȿȣ
վ֮󣬿˺۵ƿȳ˼ѪͻأģһɾȻĽõëҲΪ֮
̧ͷǼһӰī֭Ľ˳


1292 
һɵ绡۶ɵӰʵʣΰǴ罵ٵƼΪˡ
ôĴīһĽ˳һһǴһɻصĴƣƺ̧Ͷ㣬Դݻ磬ɨϣ޵С
һ˫ɫˮ֮Уǳתתǿ飬һͷɫĳ޷ԶƮÿһǻ֮΢΢䣬ΧĿռ䶼ǵһʵʰŤƺƾͷܹѡ
ôţƺΪƽǣƽУȴǰһ־춯صƣΧؼ䣬ҲûκһƬռ䶼һϵĽҲ绡Ҳ˽ڣƺһж¡
ȻʲôҲûǣȴϸһ˵˿̣ҪվֱˣһһȥҪӰ̬֮
ս
ƷתսһƬɫû˿ʣһѪűָ
ֻǣ˿̣ս⣬Ҳ޷Ƴ⣬ƺһɾǿڣֱӴݻһеֶΣ񽣷âս⣬ҲΪ֮۶ϣ𲻵κεЧ
ɿɡ
һҧĿ֨죬ڲţǷһûͿ͵һ
ȻһһȥǣͷȴŬ̧ţƾ죬Ҳ
̫ǿˣ
ƵĶڲţǿֱǳеָ֪оϵǵӰģͿȡԼ
ʱӦŪԼѣ
ûҪԼĳԣƱŹǣ飬ҲԸͷ
ǵʱһһһֱڼֵĵʱϣҪҪ
˾˭ΪβǶ췣
һһڷԺ벻ԵɣҲò𰸡
ʱ˵ϣҪԵĽǽʥʱԵĵһ췣ϣƶϣҲӦǶ췣
Ԥƣһ췣ҪԵӦǶ췣Ŷԣǣȴǹ߳һӰ
õķʵЩ벻ס
ҪԵľʲôû֪Ϊûй֮˵Ĵڡ
˫Ŷ˵棬ģǵСȣϥǣһֱš
ȥôԷƴʱ̬ڵ棬ĳ˳һ

ŭţŭڣǻɽһ籡ţ޾ŭսӿţһܹսʤص־ĵѿ
ս춼սѹģ
һĹĦһһĽͷ̧𣬲ĺһһ㣬񷣬һ˫ڣܹսʤһе
ף
ϣǵɫӰһеһĨɫЩ棬ͻָĮһС
ɣ
³䳹ǵĻϣף쳹ض⼸²ţһʵʵĲƵѹơ
𣡡
һ˻ţҪ룬ȴǸ
̣
ѣѹһУڷϣ½ɫѪҺйһ̶ˣҲֱӱѹȥ

һһУ˺ⷽžǾֹĿռ䣬ҲһƬѹͷ˷һ
ȿȡ
ȳѪǰһڣ˺ڰС

һªСɽ壬ɽˮ㣬ɽԣСڴׯмС赶Ū
峿ׯ׳ȥׯԶĴɽڴԡ
Ϊǰ½½Ա⣬ԣЩׯ׳ǸҲǺΪӵ龳Ϊһ׳˶ӸǴﵽھ硣
ҲΪŨɽڵҰޣҲǲǵһλھĴڣɽеİҲǲȫˡ
ǵȴǼãһʱ䣬ԵͷٽҰޣңûʲôΣյ飬ԣһ鶼Ǻܲ
ȫ磬㿴һˣ
һСϪԣͻأģһȽῴȥҲͶʮӾһһ˵ע⡣


1293 ȫ
峺Ϫˮ֮ڣһӣɫҰֽûɫϸңѿƤɭɭĹ¶⣬ҳ۶״ǯ}ˣ۾գڻ״̬ںˮʶ¡
Ǹˣˣ
һ׳һۣǴ˵š
ΪļͷϣǻͷٽصʨҰأһ·Ѿ۷徳磬Ҳôܵġ
Ļ˴󲿷˵ͬΪϪˮ֮ڵӣȥԾѾûкˡ
ң㻹ţƾصĴˣҪϣǲܵģ
ȵȣ
Ǹ֮Ϊȫ磬Ҳһ˵ΨһһڵˣĿȴͣϪˮӵ档
΢һЩĻȣȻ󣬵ǣĿȴĿˡ


ʾ£ĸӱˮСĵĽϪˮе̾
û
ָͷӦһΪȫЩȵ˵
û
ǸҰ׳۾Բˡ
ǰӣȫΧˣȥѵĹƴ˿ڱϪˮݵЩףѪҺƺˣѾȻû
ЩСׯ˶Щţȥȫ磬Ŀкţ˵֮ȴû˳ɡ
ⲻһͨˣ
ɨһȫϵ˺ۣΪȫһ
˵ģһҪ˳Щףң˵ĴˣȻܹߣǹ죡
ȫ磬ûҲԷˣûҪ˰ɣ˵˭֪Ǻ˻ǻˣα鷳أ
ǸҰ޵׳ˡ
ͷҰ޻
仰ȴ˵һ˵
ȫüͷһ壬ҲϿǵĻҪվʱȴǿǰϵһСĴھȻۿɼٶˡ
ţǿǴڽ裬䣬Ǻܿͻָķɫ
⡭
ǰһĻȫĿɿڴͫڣ͸¶𾪵ɫãһԵ˴ߴ£ǷӦ˹һ϶ľȴȥ
ȻЩԸȴһ׵֧ܣ̧ţ߻Сɽ塣
ɽ˱ȽʵͷҰ޺ܿͱָÿһңⱻȻصӣǱȫļС
ȫΪȫ£ʵׯˣֻǣʮǰ⴦СׯʱشһŮӤΪӵвʵɽд֮ʱ˼δ񣬱ǺܿСׯ˽ˣңҲΪĴڣׯˣҲҲûжӣǻ˴ǵأһʲô£Ƕǻ˼ȥ
һסʮȥˣƽʱȫÿ춼ǳȥԣǣһ˵ʱڣȴǺһĨɣ뱯ʹ
ԣ˶˵һйµˣֻÿȴǴӲشŮӤĸ˭Ҳ˵
ȫµķӣڴׯıˣһ̧ſڣűǱˣһ㣬ֲµĻŮӷ˳ĻʱЩĵϵĲȫ£˿ϴһĨ崿ЦݣǼЩ
أÿ
ȫ˹ŮһԣԸż˽شԼȥ
˱ǰúһУ뿪ȫҲص˷ڡ
˭Ϊʲôôصˣ
ŴյӣȫһĨɫڶ߽ȫʵ
֪ɽģӦûоȣ
ԼŮʱȫµڲ¶ȰɫŮͷʾȥ
ȻϵĴ˾ȻܹԼϣ
ȫµĿٴηϵһ΢СĴϣȻ۲һʱ֮ڱȻȻľˣҲۼղŵ˿ڸͲһ
۲˶ദȫ±ܹȷǰӣȷһָңָֻٶȻʮֵľˡ
ңĹ۲죬ЩĴڣЩĹһֻٶţָš
˻
࣬һһƬɫ
ָֻٶȣֱƾףȫСׯΪʶˣ˿̣ҲЩز
϶һ򵥵ˣ
һĨ⣬˳ȥֱɽֱҪҹʱǿһͷҰޣһҩݴӴɽ˳


1294 
Ҳ֪˯˶ãƵʶһֱڻ統У˼룬Ҳܶôš
һ磬ȫ±ٴνɽȥˣľڣֻŮȫչǼӡ
ڣѾȥ˰ˣڣشϸǷ˷츲صı仯Щ}˵˿ھȻȫˣЩĹҲ漣Ļָˣõȫ´棬ȷضΪ
ֻǣˣȴûѵĺۼ
ʱӴȫµһڴϣ齱ߣȫصֳͷ˯㣬ǣһĨӨˮ崿ϣһĨǳǳЦ⣬ƺʲôΡ
ˮˮ
΢Ӵϴʱ;˯еȫأ΢΢һϿȥǼԭŵſ죬š
˰
ȫضʱһıЩϲҲмңֱӾܳȥ˽
Ϊȫ»ûл
ôأ
ŴǶ϶૳ӣȫظͷӬһǻεţ֪ôźá
ˣιҩҩӦã
뵽ÿȫûصҩݰƵҩȫ۾һٴ˳ȥ߽ʱбǶһľ룬ʢһѾ˵ҩֱ˴ǰ
Сģһľףһһ׵ʢҩιЩѵ촽ڡ
һҩι֮ȫæͷ󺹣Ҳٴ˯ˣָ˰ҲƳ
Ǹˣͻָˣһֱڴϲ֣
˼ΣҲû˿Ӧȫһ䣬Ƕľ룬ŷȥ
ֻǣûпǣת֮󣬴ϵָ΢΢Ķһ£յƤҲЩ΢΢Ĳ
ʱһһȥ
ںڰУһڷԺսĻ棬̬󣬼滨ǰͨۿõĶڲš

һڴϵķ͵۾ڣһĨ˵⣬ǻָڣǼһ޵ס

ſڣ³һڳǴ𷿼ڵһʱһĨãȻģ
ǵãԼӦĹ統жٲŶԣôңϵҲԼġ
ʲô£
ЩεԴ
ֻǵãԼѾɹɹһؾŲ췣Ȼ󣬱һӰīĽȥ
ƺǸܵѹƻëһ죬ɫҲЩ԰ס
̫ǿˣֻ֣ȻһϤһᣬ˺ڰУ巢ʲô£֪
أѵҳģ
뵽ǸŮӣԺڵǸҲǳơ
Ҫȥʱ򣬷һЩǻע⡣
ʱڴׯſڴ׳Ѫı̧˽ʱ˴ׯڵ˵ע⣬һЩǻҲ֮һݱ֮⡣
һЩׯڵ׳һ߿վһԣȭͷקĽģҧĿ֨죬ȫҲһ࣬Ĭվڣ˸ǻΪε̾Ϣ
أôˣ
ԼŮС˹ȫɫɫһЩŵӭȥŮѪȵĳ档
Ǽλʲôˣ
ȫؽСЩ԰ףЩ̵̻ʵ
û£ûʲô¡
ȫ΢΢һܿıǻָһĨȰɫ˸Ůͷοš
㡭
ţȫµڶȻһĨ𺳵ɫźϣȴ˵
Ϊһ·ӣ˹
磬˰ⶼʮˣ
ܵ˸׵쳣ȫҲתͷǵ˷ƣʱЩĺһ˫峺ֳһЩҲָ˺
ʮ죿
仰Ʋ΢΢һɻɨһǰĸŮѿ˵ѵǾң
ʱӿһɲԤУɫҲЩȥ
뵽˰ŮӣԿ϶ͷģǸŮɣǣԼôĹڳģôŮֵȥˣ
һһԺȴһҲҲ𰸡
ҲΪ״ȫСĵĽŮЩĿ


1295 o
ȫ¾ģõķƴӳ˼˹Ŀɨһȫǿһ˫˫뾪㵵۾ҲԴʱüͷ΢΢һŲӣȺȥ
ʲô
׳˷Ƶǰסȥ·ɫǲƣҲǲž˲õ飬ԣŨ
еľȣӼӵĻôǾûľˡ
üͷһĿ˵
ŮӲˣôԼģӦþЩ˰ɣ
ҲΪˣԣŻҪȣ
ϾǾ֮
ʲôû
仰ȺбǱһرſĸѾûк˵׳ϵĸСҲ̧ͷ㵵Ŀڷϣ֮⣬Ƭ̣Ǳ㶼ǳƳ˹
Ⱦɷ򣡡
ȾҸף
ǰҪݵȥǣȴһεĸĤڣǰݲȥ
ĻЩڷǰ׳Ҳ֪ôźá
ϾǰӣʮǰϪڷֵʱǻһģòڣǶ̶ʮʱѣȻͻָ糣һܹվˣ˵ֱ漣
ԣҲû˻ɷû
Ͼһõӣ
ȫվŷƵıӰɨһǼ޿ĸСһĨɫҲûйԥ˹
λСֵܹȥΣ
˵ˣ׳Ҳǻÿ·
л
Ƴ΢΢һЦ
ͣ
ȫҲصһȭ
ϪַƵʱ֪˾ԼΪЩڣҲ֤ʵĲȷġ
ȻƱ濴ȥһͨһǣȫȴǾãǰӵһɼΪµǱֻضܹݻ١
ɲЩСׯˣֻΪһЩѵԭŻСׯڣԣԶԶСׯڵܹġ
ڷϣܵһɲͬѰʡ
˼䣬ѾԽȺĸûк׳ǰ
꣡꣡꣡꣡
ָĴΣĵҺҩԣû뵽˵λãţһɵǴ˵ɢ
ΪԵǣ˵شѾң𺳵Ŀ£ϵĴˣҲۿɼٶڸԭš
ֻǣˣȴû˿ɫûа㶯
ţܹѵϵo·𣿣
Ⱥ˾ھǺȻ֮⡣
ʱڴƵĿͲͬˣ
Уoܵģңܹ
Ҫo飬ȴǱǰӸˡ
ҩʦ߽ҩʦ
ȺȫڵԽԽͫһĨļڡ
ɣȾҵɷ򰡣
壬Ⱦǵĸף
ߵļǿǱݣҪŷ¹ֻǣȴһεĸĤǷסɹȥ
ǱʵҲʲôɣֻһҩʦѡ
ǴôһñӣҲͷʹͬʱҲ֪ΪʲôoĴˡ
ȷֶΣѰУѾoһֶˣϾؼ䣬켶ҩʦͲࡣ
ҩʦ
ڴڶãɫ
ǵӡУҩʦֻСˣһЩСѣǾԲѾûкġ
Ȼ
ȫһҲһĨȣѵǵؼҩʦ켶ҩʦ
һ֮ܵʱѶϣһ̫ˣʱҲеľȡ
ߵļ˵ıݣҲЩ̣¶û˿٣ǣѶϣoҲܽˡ
ȿȡ
ʱ׳ȴȺѪȻ˹˱ͷʹޡ
ϲõˮ
ˣҲΪλСֵˡ
ߵļһֱڿİŷƣȫ˹Ȱοš
ΣɽһЩ飬ҲûˣʱܾȻˣʵҲǲеĴˡ
лʦ֮
ȵ׳ǵĽͺ󣬴һǰֿĵл
СׯУˣһͥһУ˵ˣôһͥǻС
Сׯгջƽ䣬ԣûбˡ


1296 Τ
׳˻ׯĴǿƵĿͲͬˣǳ˾أرЩǰԷ̬ЩƵ׳ǣǶ¶ɫ
ȫµķԸ£ǱɢˣҪ񣬻ȥߡ
˴Σлʦȣ
ȫ³ŷƱȭлƺҲˡ
ףǰӾǲ˵Ĵֻǲ֪ʲôԭԲشϪ֮С
֮Ͷѡ
ƻǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣
Ĺ۲죬ܹ֣ȫ£ԲһŶԡ
꣡
˵䣬ٴεһĨҺҩûȫڣȫЩ԰׵ɫӿһĨ󣬶ңһɺǿҵƣҲ籡Χռ䶼쳹һ
ﻹھ磬Ѿﵽĵز
ȴûб¶ɫǣǴһĨĪĻȡ
һλ۷徳ǿߣش½ھ磬Сׯ˵ӦǵĳЩﲻˣ
лʦ֮
ڵȻȬȫӶЩĵĸе𺳣ˮԡ
û뵽Լʵлָһ죡
ˣ˵СӵӦҲǾȵģСʲôأ
һɴݣһĨɻ󣬲ܿͻָ
ףԹȥ֮󾿾ʲô飿ΪԼСׯڣŮȥ
ʵҲûʲô
仰ȫ²ѹе֣ϵЦҲŨ
ȷϵĴˣȡЩͨҩܹε˵ġ
˿˼䣬һ·ȫµľȥȫǸȫߣһ˫ˮĴ۾Ǻŷơ
ĿУƣǾһ۲۵Ĺˣϵ˺˲֪ѣȻܽ˾Ȼֱ̫ˣ
һľ֮󣬷Ʋ֪ԭԼסľȫµķ䣬ʱҲǸӶһݸм֮⡣
ĳЩǣȫΪհҲ˵ҪԼģӦҲȫ¡
ȫ磬ҹλֵϵĴˣӦòҰˣΪµİɣ
֮󣬷Ʋǳѯʵ
Ϊ߳ȥʱ򣬱ǷֳϵЩԣһ׳ǣ߿ɫңھ֮ʱҲй۲ܵĴˣӦĳ似£ԣ˵ĳ̶ҲŲһ
ԣ϶ЩӦʲô鷳ˡ
ԭҪڤ죬ȥѰҰŮӵټǣʱ˾֮һЩС£Ҫߡ

һἰȫ±ǳ̾һڣҲһĨ߿ɫ
ԭǽɽȴżģȻһϡеҩֻǣժȡ׼뿪ʱȴƾսһٵӢ䲻ĸ
ٵӲʮңΪȴǲȫ£ĸϸһȫ֮ûеĲ
Ϊ˱ȫȫºܿҩǣٵȴժȡַԣ˵ǼҩҩԣȻ֣ȫ£һЩ׳ǲޣһӵϣȫŬֹȫزˡ
˵Τҵˡ
ȫҡҡͷһƬȻ֮⡣
ǵΤңΣסǵôܲ
Τң֮һƽƽŵУΤһλﵽ۷徳ǿߴڣԣλǳҲΤô
ԣ˼ǿҩɱˣţҲû취
̣Ҳ̣Ȼǽɱ֮
ҲǾǣˣׯٸŮô죿
ǣΤң
һĨõȫľ
ȻѰ֮˰
ǺǣգȫʹȥһǰɣҲʶʶΤҵ硣
ǣһĨǳǳĻȣȻЦǣȴǱǡ
⡭
⻰ȫüͷ塣
Ͼʵ̫ˣǣŶʮˣܹȥΤұλ۷ǿ߶Կ
ʱ򣬿û˻˼ҩʦݣ¶֣
ԣԥˡ
ȫģΤңܰô
ھŵɫ
Ī˵۷徳ˣǷʥ磬ֻҪʱ䣬Ƕ⣡
ˡϾȫֻҪǸشͿʱʥף
⡭ðɣ
ȫԥǴӦڣͬʱҲһĨϣɫ


1297 ֵС
ȫµĽͣҲ֪ԼΪλСׯڣʱüͷ
ףĹ統еԼΪλϪأ
ȫ磬ڤԶԶ
˼Ƕȫʵ
򡭡ǣڷڤ֮µС֮һڤҲ̫Զʾǿߣʮʱִܵڤǣ
ȫϸĸţ̬ȸ
ȻǰӿȥΪᣬǲ֪ΪΣȴǰӣ
һЩ˽⣬һЩ˵ʮӵܣֻҪ츳ﵽʥ磬Ҳûʲôϡģ
ǣԼ뿪Ѿܾˡ
뵽ĳЩ飬ȫһĨᣬҲһĨʹ
֮һҵһߵȻ꣬Ҳ㲻ҲԵÿĲҲֱΪܹʵĶ˲֮һ
ǣȴǷˣһżȻˣҼǧᣬ˫˫˰ӵУ
עҪԱΪֵģΪǵͷ֮һңôԼҵǧ¼޸һ黤Ϊޣ
ǣ˳嶯֮£ѡ˽ǣҲһʱҸǣһһŮӤҲΪŮӤҽʦȴǱ¶˵١
ǳ׵ĴΪΪҪЮȫɥҼˡ
ᣬ㻹𣿡
뵽ԼĽޣȫھȻɫЩԶ
ƴûκλᣬ뵽ԼĻᶼǽԼģģǾ
Ժٿ㣬ȻʬΣ
Ҽɭ쳹ΪجΣÿһ˯оѡ
شΪ½ڵĵزʮûκεĽȣѾˣǣȴǿһ⣡
ʮʱ䡭
΢бǾ飬ǰڤǴ̽һʵ
ȻŮӵһЩܽӴԸǣŮӶһУȴǳģôһ˼Ůӣ»ʲô⡣

֮󣬷ƺ˿̧ͷǿȫڵɫʱһ΢΢һʵȫ磬ʲô£
ûûС
ȫ»عҡҡͷͷȥ
Τҵ黹ûɲ˵ԼǰȻǾƣӦûûдﵽʥ׵ĳ̶ȣλ۷ǿߣֻҲӦ
Ǻǣȫ磬Ȼ㲻Ը˵СҲǿ㣬飬ҺпܻҪ뿪ˣΪһһҪҪȥ
΢΢һЦɫܿ
뿪ˣ
ȫһĿŷƣǵͷȥڵɫȻˣվǺãʦϢɣ㣡
֮ˣͷضΪˣԼģԣԲܾСׯġ
ֻǣȴû뵽ƻ뿪ôæӦãȷм£ңҲûǣʱشϪ֮ڡ
ӦãĳǿϮɣ
Щܹȥǵ˵ġ
У
ɲԸ˵ٴһĨɫ˵ͷҲվ΢䣬ǽͳ˷ڡ
ȫµǸˣ֪ӦڵԼӦˡ
ĵزǿԣƻҪһ
˵ԼӵʥѧݣƾʵֻҪʥǿߣٸ۷
Ƕʵţ
ৣ
ţһӰӴ˽ҪǼë׵һ֮󣬱и
С򣿡
ֱǽë׵ĶץУھǾȵɫ
ΪһǵӰѹˣ˭֪СȻҲܻţңҵԼ
ѽ
ķѾָСʯ˸һĨϲĹâȻɨɨȥƺҪҵʲô֮ͬһ
ʲôأ
־һǱЩûĺǳһ
һԼѵʲôﲻɣ
ѽ
СίĽлһˮ۾ڣˮһģȴǻƵͬġ
˵ôģǸǸģΪλ֮󾿾ʲô飿
ǶƤëǶͺһеʡ
ֻǣܿˣΪˣ޷Сͨģ


1298 Ī
ȻСһһֱװ޹ȴ֪һ֪Լ֮ʲô飬ֻǣ޷ͨһʱ֮ҲֻȻˡ
ҹһϣ貵ķǵ׺ҹɫҲ
СׯڵգЩݣģһֱпһֱҹׯڲǻİֻһЩѲߵĴ񣬻ڴȥ
ҹ䣬ȫ׼˷ʢʳĳ̸һЩ£Ʊǻص˷ڣڴϡ
ģСһȴûĻУһԣһ˫ʯӣڷɨɨȥƺҪЩʲô
ϣΪϣ춼ҪʣԲŻή췣
ôأϴʲôأ
֪ʱҲΪǣٹ죬Ҳ޷ϵޡ
ϾҲǴڵġˡϣ޷ơ
ǻ𣿡
΢΢̾ϢһԼʧôãŮ˽⣬ӦˣкڣţƾݣŮӦòж⡣

ĺһڰɫѹе֣ȥ󣬱ǿʼ۲ڵһЩ仯
ȹۿģȻ
ÿһģҲһ˵˼·ڵأ˵Ҫ飬ôǸ˽ûпܴ
ϣȻˣǣƾ飬ȴǽԼǱ
ʵģҲġˡ
ԣƾšˡֻҪܹṩ㹻ܹӳ˵ҲǵΪÿζ֣Ҫ侧ԭ
Ϊƾ衮ˡȻġҴ棬ǣȴûа취ȥۼص
ˡһĺģԸ̵ġһ˵壬ȴǳ壬ɣȱһɡ
ҲΪÿһΪҪȽȥԭ
ʱڷڣһƬɣ翣󣬿߼ʣյڣȴһر쳹
ֺرƿ˴Ĵġˡ
ЩǴӡˡڴģ
ʱˡѾԭˡ
˵ǰˡ£Өйôڵġˡһգҫۣ
ˣ
ӾŸ򿪵ϿڣģһֱһЩĪ۳һĪĽƺؽڣһ塣
Ҫ˽ڰĶǣֵȴǷˣƺͲڣһƬžûκ
ţ
õķһǷֻǣȴٴηˣ
Īٴγˣȥûֹͣ
ô£
۾ڣһƬȻɫ
⣬ΪԼġˡϻҲ޷ж⾿Ǻûǻ
Ϊʲô
ٴ˼ΣˣɻɫŨˡ
ǰˡϿûȫ֮ʱǲģЩĪӦþϿȫԲŻᴫ
ʲôأ
ģĳֻСĿԼʱɫһڣ֣ǽ֮ץ˹Щɭ˵ǲ֪ʲô
ѽѽ
Сͷҡĸ˹һġ
㣬ȷԩҲҪ֪ΪϣϾǷһЩʲôı仯ѡ
̿һ޹Ҳֻܷˡ
ٴβ鿴򣬷ƻǷ֣˾֮󣬳Īڣ롮ˡԲ±֮⣬ûı任
ɨȫо涼һʵ֮ܣҲҪƿռ䣬Ӧûһξ롣
ΪˣƸ֮۳һСУջţ֤ʵ˵ȷƿռ䡣
ʥףƿصľһʲôأ
Щ棬ҲΣ˿Ҳͻˡ
ʾ磬ʾ磬޷ƿռ䣬ֻнʥףƿһδ֪ܹʾԶҲ顣
ôѾˣôӦֻҪشܹʥ˰ɣʱ򣬾ϵĲͬӦþͻչֳˡ
ƿǼǵãĹĴڣ˵۷壬Ȼһλ֮ƾУ¡
Կɼ֮˵Ĳ


1299 
Сׯ峿Ϊﻨ㣬һƬĻУӰٵӳСׯûоκˡ
ǣ⴦Сׯһξ룬һ·ϣȫ¸ΪϸĽڵԼΤһ
ΤҲģ㣬ҲʲôܣΤ㣬ҲѾкüǧˣΪӷһǱܹҿ⣬ڣǸңǣҲǾްԼĴڣϵͲڰˣϵǧ֮࡭ңţΤ֮ڣвʮλϵʾǿߣУΤҵһλڣѾ߰꣬⴫Ѿͨϣﵽ۷ĵزˡ
˵䣬ȫǴһĨǴڡ
Τңʾǿ߿ǲٰһˣܹӦ
磬ΤҵһЩŶ˵˳Ҫ֪Ѷˣεж
ΤңΣ
Ӵļüͷ
ҪȫɱǱضѪɺӰңǧ˵У϶޹֮ˣҲҪɱ¾

ȫ̾һҡҡͷ˵ΤһǵС壬Ӧǵ˲ܵˣԲڣΪŷĵ̣ԣΤţֶκǰԵѪȣһζᱦУȻҵҲɱΪˣҲѪƴȴǵѹΤңԼҲܵصʧܻλԣǲ֮ҲΪҵһãԣڣЩ֮µһЩСȫǱΤҺϲǻܵŵĴǳŴγ棬ֻҲҪˣ
ΤңȻ˰Ե
ȫ˵ִţâ˸˸һɳϢӳ
ʵҲѲ²⣬ƾɽڷǼ飬ܹĳΤҵΪˡ
ҩҲգȻΪժȡַԱһŭɱˣ϶Ҳڼڣγɵϰߡ
Щ鷳ˡ
üͷ΢΢
ǶΤңûնݳĻôпߺΤҵ˻ʵʩСׯȫɱ⡣
ҪԤ󻼣ôҲֻһ·ѡǾǳ׵ĽΤң
ֻǣǧ˵Ĵ壬ɱҲһ鷳顣
Ϊ˴أ
΢˼ǿʵ
ţֻҪԼΤҵĸ߲һǺ˵ģȻǰҪҴºУ
ң
֣ȫϵɫЩ̫Ȼˣһֹģ
ôѵҲΤһ𣿡
ˣƵüͷ£
ʳǿ䣬ǿߣ״Ҳûа취ı䡣
Ҳбף
ܹ˵Ͻͼڰ֣ڣߣòӻ
ԴˣҲֻ̾Ϣһ
ı䲻ˣˣ̰ͼ֣ûڵıȣͱˣ
ԼǵûӰƣܻѡӹһ
ûûС
ȫҡͷڷƲĿ⣬̾һٴθֳһĨȻɫңĴ壬ҲһѣֻǣΪɽеõһЩԲڵңڣһļ壬ٴѹСĴš
ŶȫΤҺϤ
ɫı任ȻУһ䡣
ʵʵҵһֻǣΪһЩԭԲ뿪ҡ
ȫϴſЦɬ˵
ԭˡ
һĨ⡣
ȫµɫУҲµһš
ԭ磬ֻһȫ£ΪλᱻشΪ½һһŮһСׯڵ³أ
һУӦûǳڣ
ȫ磬ȻһôǾȥһҰɡ
ƹʲô֪嵭˵š
ԣ
ȫµķӦǼңڵȻҲ˻ңҡͷ
֤ʵ˷еĲ룬ǣҲһĨǳǳĻȣ
˾֮ӦرȻҲģ
ȫ磡
Ҳͣƣļͷģο˵֪ȫӦúЩʲôϸ𣬲İɣһнңңҰô
ҡ
ҲΪڵţȫ»ƽ
֪ӦǿһЩˣ̾һԼҵĹϸ𻺻


1300 Ҿ

֮󣬷ƿڴЦȫȴɫ
벻ȫ绹ȱ£ȻԼҵСƭˣֶΣС̾簡
Ƶʵȫ¹˹֣õɫ죬˵
ʵ˵ҲΪȫŴȣȫزŻһĻøУԣ˲ſʼ顣
İɣ£ͰСˣ֤ȫһҸļͥ
ٴȫµļ򣬱ǴٳǸȥ
ǣһСǶѣԣӵʾǿߵΤңڳưԣ
ȻСǣ뵱ڵȣǣǿߣȴǴﵽ۷ĵزߵĲ֮࣬
ڳſڲԶ˱ǽǰϤĳȫЩǣǻ̡̻
ⲻΪԼİΣǶԼ޵Ĵ
ٺ٣ΪĸԸĽȫ磬ǾȲȥˣȥţȫӦô߰ɣ
ƺٺһЦǴһĨǳǳĻȣȫ˵ţõĺߴǳ˼Ŀ
ȥ
ǲ׷Ƶ⣬ΪÿһеĳʥѧŵģǸóܵ޷ܻԵĴʱ򣬳ʸʥѧȡ
ԣ֮λÿһж޷ģʵǿҲû˸ȥΪĺ̨ǿѧ
ѵ㡭
ȫĿŷƣЩ˵
ǷǳϵȻʵǳҲԲ
ʱ˵ţţֻͷС
ˣ
ƴһĨĪЦ⣬𾪵Ŀ£Ųӣųſȥ
ҲΪ˲ԣſڵĻҲҼ˳ʮ֮ĳţ뵽֮󣬷ȴķ֣ڵպЩ̫Ծ
ڵĴ֣󲿷̶ֵڹرյ״̬ŵĵ̣棬һһŽߵġΤ֣
ʱڿĴϣҲûмߣԤеûУһƬպѹ֣ǱǰԤס
ѵѾˣ
üͷһǵЦҲ
ѾΤ̲Щ鷳ˣ
˵Τף˵λӦ𣿡
Ǻ󷽣ǼվڳſڵĻõԭҪ뿪ͣ˽Ų
ΣǲӦҲôӦˣ˵ǰΤү忪ϣ۷ĵزˡ
һЩɣ֮е껤һ˵š
˻ѵģˣΤλ۷徳ǿˣ
ɵ˿еһ𾪡
ˣΤô˵ıң
Ǹɣ껤һ⼸ĻƽĽš
֣ΪΤһѡҪӭȢҵһλأ˵һλҵһ˽ˣһӣΪΣʮΤŴء
仰һỤĿ˵֮վڷߵȫ¾ͲˣǱסֻҪֱӳΤƴˡ
ȫģɩ˭Ҳߡ
Ƶһֻһɽһѹȫµļͷƶ˽Ų嵭Ļȴƺĳħõĳ

ȫ±̾һڷԳһЩˮ⣬һ˫ȭͷҲקˣէ֡
֪Σȫ¾ԲĿرǿмΤң
ߣ
ĻһЩѾܵİԣɣ껤һʵΪΤǿǧɫ𣿡
ΪΣ
ĻԶãȻĿ
뵱ȫأڵĵһŮȻѾȥʮˣǵһŮĳƺȴһֱû
ԣܶ˶벻ףΪλԼҵһ˽أ
ΤҪģأǡң
ǲɣ껤ѹͳ˵š
ǵĻУҲеԵɡ
Ϊƺ⣬ԣΤҾѾܹѹңȴҲܹ̲ңԣŻ²ߣ
ȻҼֹôһŮǣΤҾֶνҼ֮λȥ
ߣȥ
һĨ⣬˵һ䣬ȫ£˱ֱųȥ
ڣѾһˣ죬ҲԺǣֻʣΤˡ
棬ϡǸɣ껤̾Ϣ
ǰƺһΤң³ɣôڣΤҾҲù˼ʲôˣ


1301 ʦ
ǳڣ̩ҲΪΤҵ¶ͷʹ
ÿһУٶϵͬڣܹƺ⣬ҲŻоĶ
ǣһҶȴÿһϣģ
ԣ̩Żе⣬Ҳÿսֻǣȴû뵽Τȴһֱģ֮ϡ
һңǣʱһˣҳᱻΤͿգ
ڣܲ˵ΤҲӭȢҵǧɣҲ˵ȥңڵΤңҲһԼˣ
ΤΪ˴кͣ⻹ûʲôŰǣԺʲô޷ƣֻ£ʱҲܻͷˣ
뵽Щ̩üͷ˼ǲҪԸΤң
ˡ
鷿űˡ
˭
̩ϵɫһգһϣʮ㡣
ˣһλҩʦ
һ쳹
ҩʦˣ
⻰̩ϲɵһĨ졣
ܹϴ˵ҩʦٶǵؼ̶ȣ
벻ףΪһλؼҩʦԼСأ
ʦ
΢˼̩ıǷԸǾòףվȵȣȥӭӱȽϺã
ؼҩʦڷڤִУҲܹӵһĵλԲǵĳܹģ
֮󣬸̩ıǸͨỤһ·š
λʦǵؼҩʦ
Щȷԣٴѯʵ
ǣ
ĻɫԵЩЩҧֲ壬ҡҡͷڸ̩Ĵüͷʱȴĺ˿˵λҩʦ˵ҩԣҺ̬ġ
ʲôҺ̬
̩ĵԲ۾ͣ˽Ų㵵Ŀʧȥƽʱ侲Ƭ̣׷ʵȷ
ҩܹﵽҺ̬Ǿ˵ˣһλ켶׵ҩʦ
ĴˣǣʱҲЩͷԷˡ
켶ҩʦʲôǾڤǳҪϱĴʦ
ؼҩʦǱȽϳģȻûУǣڤȴв٣ǣ켶ҩʦڤҲûС
ԭ켶ҩʦһЩĴȥˣǵȴǷڤǳҲ޷⣡
ȷ
ֱ£ĻȻЩ̻̣ǣصĵ˵ͷ
ʵʱҲǱŴˣô߽ĶЩǵˡ
ʱ̩ĵĽŲǼӿֱ࣬ܵˡ
ЦһСôһλ켶ҩʦվڸ켶ʦһŭ˵ǷڤǳҲԲ궵ߣ
Ͼÿһ˵֪Уÿһλ켶ʦǶǴһֲľްԣ

⣬ȫһֱЩزĿŷƣźϼ䣬ȴ˵
Ȼһֱɣǣ켶ҩʦȥأ
ԣżķָҺҩ֮󣬱Ǿԭˡ
ĳһĴҲˣΪηôĲΤҷ
ΪҸͲ˼ҷ
һλ켶ҩʦȻһֱԼΪ磬ȫԼͺһ
¾ǷڤǳҲûҰɣ
ţҲһЩ
һΣĹˣĴﰡ
ᣬȻѾ켶ҩʦ޷
ʦԶĳʧԶӭ
ԶԶģò̬ĸֱ̩ǳŷƹֹģõԶһЩ˺⣬˾ʲô֮ȻΪ˵Ĺά
ţ
Ʋǵĵ˵ͷûб¶顣
ʦ룡
ڷƵ̬ȣ̩ûа⣬ϹϾĽڡ
𺳲ѣȻȷǲ켶ҩʦǣƾƲǰӵΪ㣬ˣ
ʮ꣬ʹﵽ۷徳磬ٶȣЩްеӵǲõ飡
ȷǰضˣǲĴڣ
˴ڣȫ¶Ǳ
Ȼȫ£Щܳⲻɵõĸ̩Щ⡣
Ϊӻʵλ켶ʦأ
㣬Щ벻ˡ
֪ʦν£
̩Сţұ¶ɫ
ǺǣһЩС¶ѣ
ƷеĲ豭ǵ˵ţüͷһʵУһΤң
û
̩ǵ˵ͷ
ƺΤǴλʦùͷˣ


1302 
˵ĿģҪΤң
ƺΪƽĿŸ̩ģе˵ţиûнǵİ
⻰һȫ»Ǹ̩ģǴ㵵Ŀ
˱ǻع
ȷǰһλ켶ҩʦ˵ΤңڤǵĴҲпܣ
ô
̩ĳٳٲڣüͷһҲ
ѵǰĳҲΤҿˣ
һĨâһϢ˳
ûûС
̩ĻعҡͷǹܹϢ죬ɫҲЩ԰ס
ȷǰ⿴ȥȻǶʮӣԲԼܹģоĵǷҪȡֱ׾٣
ΤҺʱôһأ
ҲЩ벻ͨĿȫµʱȴƺһЩʲô
ܺã
û״Ʋϵƣ˵ȥȫǱۼ׼һΤң𣿡
⡭
⻰̩ȴ¶һĨɫڷɫʱ͵ʦ֪ǳչ涨ǲܶԳڵдѹġ
صĳһ΢ĴڣĴڣֻƺڵǻྺһʱ򣬿ĳһʩѹһƽƣǣԶлԵĴǸΪ
Ϊˣ̩һͬΤˡ
ԭ
üͷ΢΢һ
۲죬ȷǰĸ̩ӦòΤҵˣǵĻôӦͱ̲ˣȫ˵Ǹ̩һֱƺΤңҴģĿսȻͲˣ
һǾãΤӦôڣһԵĶȻݺһ
ƵĻģɱ֮ŨһһΪѵĸ̩ģüͷһ֣óʥѧ壬׸
ǡ
е壬̩ĵ۾ֱӾ͵ԲˣһƬ֮⣬ƶǶţƺ֮һ
ʲô˲˻
ôҲ벻ǰӾȻʥѧˣ
ʥѧǿѧоްԼĴӵܶԴҪ꣬ǣÿʮжܹʥѧأ
٣٣ֻЩеţлʥѧ
ǰôһλ
ʱھǻȣҲ
ǰһλܹΪʥǿߵĴڰǶ˵ѾoһĴڣ
ˣ׾ͺã
Ҫ˵ʲôʱ򣬷ȴֹ˵Ҫƺ⣬ţڷֲһӦòɣ
û⣬ˣ
̩ĵͷȥڵ¶ţͬʱƺҲˣֱӳ֮ΪˣҲûаԥˡ
Τңˣ
ţ
ĵ˵ͷɨһȫ£ǹԳһĨǳǳĻȣɣΪ˼һЩĸȥҵļйʱҲ
ˣ
̩Ľ廹֮󣬱ǴҴææ߳˴ҷȥһҲΤҵ̽Ӹš
ֻǳҵϣΤһеһƴĽԻܾˣ
ڵȴǲһˣ
ǽһǾһСǣʥѧʥѧѧԱִӣĪ˵һССΤң̩ıˣƵ֮նɱˣҲû˻׷ƵΡ
ڣ̩Щҡ
ΤʹøֶΣɿڣãһֱԼԭ򣬲ȻʱȴĽĩգ
Ȼȫ²öʲôӸ̩ĵϣѿƵͷǼΪˡ
Ȼԭԥĸ̩ôת֮죿ң֮Ϊˣ
ˣɲǴʦһ˵ˣָԼ˾ƣ
뵽ЩмǸˣǼ
ҲԼϣܹԼĽһžˣ
ʱҼƱǸŸ̩˽
ˣҼѾ
˽ǰ̩Ķŷƹ֣˿ûǸˣ̬Ⱦ
ˣ
˳ƺ𱰵ƶʱһɨۣǷȫµĴڣʱһƱǶȻ˹ȥкǳȫ£㾹Ȼҳǰ浱Ҳɱ㲻ɣ
ƣ񣡡
Ȼ֣̩Ķʱ󾪣æֹĶ亹졣
ôҲû뵽ƾȻ˵³ç


1303 Ƶ
̩м䣬ҲòɢȥƣͬʱҲΪĿŸ̩ġ
پ̩һ˵ҪӦΤ֮£ȻɻΪһֱĳѡԼϣǣȴҲ֮ãԣǸŸ̩˳
ֻǣȴû뵽ڣȻˣ
ȫ£ΪصỤ֮һȻҲ֮ԼŮİΣˡ
ֻǣȴû뵽ΪỤȻԼŮĸ͵ˣ
Ϊŭ飬ҪоԼܵƭ˱ˣԲŻἫֹһ
ʮȥˣȫشԺҲûнһ丸ףҲûٳţϴڳʹȴǽһжȫͷϣΪȫܹرݣһжᷢ
ԣʧ̬ˣŭգ
λǴ˵ѣ
̩ȻԵɣǣȴҲںģţͬʱҲΪƾġ
һǵǰλˣҲߵͷˣ
˵ʵڵģƹϵҲͦͶԷԲд˾١
˵ѣ
ȻĿͬʱҲ˴ڵЩ̫Ծ
ˣ
һ
ܹ̩ĳ֮Ϊ˵ģͷС
ʱĿ˷ϡ
ֻһۣë
̫ˣǰȻȥᣬǣ¶һĨȴǸһëȻĴƺǱʲô޸һֻҪԷһܹԼֱ˺顣
ǿߣ
һĨȻͷҲȥ
ʵиľȣ걻ߵȫϹϵģ

߽ȫ±סˣվĸ
ƶȷʵ飬ҲͦھεģֻǣˣҲ޷Ƶġ
ߣ
ȻûֱӶ֣ǣҲһŤͷȥȥ

ȫһĨȻȻǶŷƹ˵ʦҲһʱļĪ
Ǻεȵݣ켶ҩʦ˵ϻܹó֮Ϊ˵ĴڣһŭֻҲԱȫ
⻰һڣҲ˶ڵȴŷƵо
Ǻǡ
ƷеĲ豭ЦЦ嵭ڣҲЦڻصţһεѹڼͷϣƶͷҲ˺ˮ
οȫϣҾͲƽˣ
һ仰һ˶ɵ˿ƣڻһڵĺš
ȫӣ
һһζ
벻ԼҪȻƾĻ
ϰ
ÿһ˶ԼĻȫҲУ
뵽Լѵ
ԼȣҲƾһݻԲڵ
лʦ
ŴһĨǳЦķƣȫоǸм֮飬Ѿǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
֪һУΪԼΪܹԼ
λˣǲһء
̩ҲһĨɫ
ӵܣǶĸܹ֮ǫ˳ײǾֱӴɱﻹʲôһ˵
֪Ϊλ
΢΢һ΢ųһѹеĶʵ
¡֪
ɽ嫺嫵õĲҲͷȥֱ˫ӡ
ʵѾһУ϶ΪȫԭֻǣһʱЩܲ˶ѡ
֪Ҿĸ㣡
΢΢һ䣬ĵⶼȫ˼ȻҺθɣ
˿飬Ͷȫϣһʱõаٰζ鼫Ϊӡ
ϵܣҵģ㻹Ͻл
þòһԵĸ̩ĴƺҲ˽⵽һЩʲôȰơ
Ǹǧ˽Ļͽȫ£
ʱҲֵǷ꣬ȴûȥעЩôһλ˾ȻǸģ
ĻҲۺĺܰ
лˣ
ѹе֣ǹĳŷƹֵл
ΣܽԼļ嵱Ц
лͲˣҲΪȫȣԲżһԣҪлǾлȫɣ
ûаѹǳȫ¼˼ۣʾֵĻᵽˡ
̣ȻǣҪı⣬Ҳô׵飬Ըˣƻа취ģ
ǿǲеģԣֻ


1304 Τ
仰һ̩ƶˣΪηƻ
ֻǣȴǲ֪ܵȫ¾ξ˷Ƶģ
ЩȴѾҪˣҪǣȫƵĹϵܲһ㣡
ɵСиˣ
̩ипһ
ʥѧϹϵԺ󣬻˭Ҷȫ£
Ƶİ취Ȼǹõģôһ˵ƶȫµֱѵǴ󻡶ȵļˡ
ó֮Ϊ˵ǿϹϵȫֱӿԷɻڴǣȴԼİΣ
㣬ȷƺǸж
뵽㲵ŮһĨãȻ
ѵԼ
ɷϣ׵ˣǶΪԼŮãҪΪԼŮһõĹޡ
ĳǺõģǣȴû뵽ԼŮôľʮȻһ仰ҲûкԼ˵
ҲɣԼǴˣȫµΪˣʵҲΪ˳ϿңʵҲΪ̫ˣԣǾԼܵƭ
ŮӼҼҵģϲֿΪԼܲӢ
˵ףһжΪԼ
ңҲȫˣҲˡ
ţٴ̾һɫ㲡
ЩΤү۷徳磬ƵѹǲС
£ǴӦҳᱻΤ̲ӦǾǿΤҸнڣַԼҡ
ΪѣΪֲԼŮΣѾʯٵľģ󳹵׵ΤҾһս
ֻǣȴû뵽Լϳȫ£ȻǸϣ
˲ˡ
û˵ȫ±ǻҵҡ֣ұܿ档
ȻŭƲɢԼȫأǣиģǸΡ
ģһĨӣվû˵
ʱ˵лȷҲЩ˵
ȫ飬Ҳ˵ˣ£ǵļ£ҲùʵģȫΪˣŮǲɶŶϿҪסˣ
֪ѾˣҲû˵ȥóҲΪ˶ԸΤҵ£ʱΤҵʾǿ߶ˣʣµģһҲŹȻ
ţ̩Ҳû˿Ļɡ
лˣ
ٴεл
ˣΪԷһ죬Τң
ư˰֣վǳŴȥ
ǵ٣ǰŮӣǣңļ٣ҪٸȥڤǣԣҲԸٵˣ

ΤҴڡ
һж׼׵𣿡
λϵΤҼΤĶԵļʵ
ģţſڶΤҵ̽ӣκη紵ݶӲߣ
ߵһλϵ˵ţ¶һĨɭ
ţ
⻰Τĵ˵ͷǶұߵǸͷʵǱûʲô
ʱûУ
ͷҡҡͷٺһЦ˵ֱҵˣʡô鷳Ǹ̩ǵٴǾһˣ
ⲻУ
ΤҡҡͷȻΤƴ󣬵ǣ̩ϾǳҪҲֻܰ
ˣ
һ˵ʱõüͷü䣬ŭ¶
һüۣɫ¿ӻҵĴڣ˲䣬ٴٶȱ׷˳ȥһʺѪü۵ļһﵹڴ⣬˽ݣ֪
нµģɺͳ
ΤںһĨɷŭ䡣
飬˵ʱ˴ϣ
ϢŭҲ̽ӣпܣʲô鷢ˡ
ߵǸվüͷЩֲõԤС
ԼµˣԼԼ˵ľʧ룬ֻǷʲôشˡ

ΤŭδŴǳһ׵Ļü۵Ӹ˽
˵ҿʲôж
ߵǸǰȥʵ
ֻǣѾǽ࣬ˣвϵѪĭۿѾɡ
Ѿжˣ
̾ϢһվΤص˵
ߣ
ΤһϣҲδΤҵĶ֣Σұ𣡡
ˣľΧ˹
ʱһҵĽǴ洫˽õڵ˶վ
õȥһȥ
ΤŭһǴǵĳŴȥ


1305 Τ
ڣΤҪ̲ͳһȫǣͲˣԣһΤүͻ۷壬˱֪ΤҪдˣ
ȻΤұ´ͨ뺣֮ڻظ
˶֪λӦѾӲ̲ˣ
¡¡¡
һĽŲ쳹Ӹۼһɫںף˸˸ɷӣĲ
Ȼǳľӣ
ڳڵɻ֮ʱԭǽյĴҲˣΪףһӶҵĻȫǳͬһٵĳȥ
ǲΤ𣿣
һЩڰۿ˶ʱ¶㵵ɫҴ˾٣Ϊ
ףľôҲȥΤң
˻ѵ𣿡
Τ̫Űˣұǿ϶Գ֡

ΤҴԺſڣŴ˷ľӣΤһࡣ
û뵽ˣ
Ҳϣ飬ϣΤҲһܹң㿹ֻҲʧأ
ģ֪Ӧý
ΤЩҧ˸ɭ
ǲȥ̩ģֻǣûаڲ½̩նɱԲųٳûж֡
Τһǣǹ߱ɱôڤǷ棬ԻɳʱΤҿǳԲ궵ߣ
ڣ̩ƾ۵һõΤſڵһȺɫǺڳȥ
Ȼˣ
ʳ˾Ǻ⣿
Τѹŭ۾ɭȻʵ
ǲԳڵлԵĴģ̩ôˣΤң̩Ҳɡ
ףΪθ̩Ļô϶ԸԼأ
ûʲô⣬ΤΪһҸ̩ΪҲҪάһ죬ҾҪΪǰγŶ
̩ĻϵĺǳţһҲ档
ΤǷŭģһ󳩿죬Ĳˣ
ЩΤһֱӣҲΪʹ죬ЩôһɤӺȥܲ𣿣
ãã̩ģҿǲˣȻҹȻʹóھӶΤʩѹǰڤȥϱ£̩ľ͵űְɣ
Τֱڣŭڡ
Դˣ̩ĲмƲƲ죬Ͷȥһϧ
ļһʲô֪ء
ৣ
һӣһຩʵӳڸ̩һԡ
ˣ
ķƳ֣ΤЩ㵵Ŀ£̩ĻһĺһԵҲˡ
ˣ
ΤһȺУĳƺʱõΤһӰ
˵̩ľԲô嶯ңǺ޶ߵľ;ϣпܣΪֵӵԵʡ
˭
ΤһȺ˷֣Ǹûмôһˣ񣬾ôƾðġ
ѵԷڤǣ
ΤһһɲԤӡ
ףΪλҪΤҶ֡
˵𣿡
ɨһΤſڣǶŸ̩ʵ
ˣΤʾǿߣˡ
̩ĵ˵ͷһǫĻشţңΪָÿһǿڡ
ţǵãһֻӬҲܷŹ
ûжʣĵ˵ͷֱΤſȥһɵѹӣһʵʰĲΤʮʾǿߡ
ء
ʱվǰΤˣԶ˴㵵Ŀ£Ǻ˳ȥײĴǽڣУǵʺѪǽĳ棬õԳľӣҵĻΤҵĻЩزվԭأʯᶯˡ
ϣֻһЩǷ´
˻
̩ƶǲɵĵһڶǾ벻˼ɫ
Ȼ֪λǿᣬȴû뵽ֻƾΤ˼ûз֮ľˣ
ʵֱ޷ģ
ʥѧš
̩ипһ䣬ڣһĨȵ
ء
һǰһըӰһһҳٵȥ
򣡡
һĨ⣬۶ɣʱӰֱڰձһ̲Ѫ
Ѿƿ߲֮򣬾ǵȼǿ߶ܲˣοССΤ֮ˡ
飬ͽˣ
һڷаˣô仰ʧԭء


1306 ʧĹ
ϵܣţˣ
ȥ̩ĵһǷӦ˹ͱͱһԵƣָžӣΤңĽ
ʾǿߣһ˽ˣΤΤүֱӱ飬ʮʾǿҲܿͱҵն飬ԣûж谭ͳΤڡ
̩ƣڰգΤڵĶ̬ʱĴһǹһЩ֮ˣΪԷһЩ
˵ϵܰǸȫ£ȥΪҺʵǲҪĻһŮ磬ͽøңŮΣ
·ֲȫ£̩΢΢һ䣬ȻǹпĶ˵ŨŨ
У
ҲûģƱǷˣʱҲסˡ
ƺǱʶȻǲϣȫȢˡ
Ҿ͵źϵܵϲˣ
ˣ̩ĿڴЦٳ֣һ磬·Ӧ
ǿԣҪôŮ

·ɱеȫ£̾һҲĬĳ顣
ûжԸֻϣԼŮܹ½Լף㹻ˡ
ʳˣȫͰˣ
ȫ磬СӲˣǵãһҪɩӸ
Զĸ߿գһƬãûʲôķƴ䣬ǳŷڤǷȥ
ţ֪Լݵĸ̩ĻὫһ鰲׵

ô
ңңģʵһƬɫڣ˸Ÿӵɫ
ţŷڤڣҲŵĴԼ뿪ڤһЩ顣
ˣѾͱʥѧˡ
˿
ȻŮ汻ץȥɾ鷳ˡ
ڤڣҲһЩ仯
֮ǰڤڵǴĹʧˣ
ûʧˣǴڣܶԸǿ߶ȥۿʹֶΣҲδҳĹλã½֮磬ǴĹûдڹһõڶǿͷԡ
Ȼڻкܶ˸ڤ죬ǣҲǹۿһȻȥˡ
£Ҳֻ˷ʱѣ
뵱ϴ֮ڤڣɡ֯˽ȥѰûҵ˿ټ˾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
Ʋܽڤ죬ֻվһߵأͫ߷£ģҲڤڵһЩ
ȻǴѾָǴĹʧˣ
ѵ³˯ˣ
üͷ
ǵãϾΪιľõǰŮӸĹ¶˳Ǵ˴ţҪǰŮӳȥһ
ڣĹ¹رգ⾿˵Ů뿪ˣ˵³ˣߡˣ
ǲܵģôǿԲܣ
뵽һԣҵҡͷҪ뷨ҡ⣬ȴǷ֣ͷȴԺٹ̣ԽԽˣ
ϣδй֮ʱᷢʲôҲû֪
ǵӽ߳ĿֲӰ˭ʲô
ֻ֪֪ǵӰܹ׾ٵȡԼ
ʣǰŮӾԼ
СǲܣҲѾУû˻
ֻǣ÷벻ͨǣԼΪλ磿
һԺ󣬾ʲô顭
ƴԴǣȴʲôҲ벻ˡ
С֪ǣһȴ޷ͨЩᡣ
һֱûлӦڣĸΣ޴롣
ҲҪ⿪һϵеţҪڤУֻǣڵʵǴȥΨ·һ
˵ЩļǴﵽʥľ֣ǾͲܹӦ˵ġ
Сӡ
һϵͻأģڷԺ쳹ȻǣȴС
ʦ𣿣
ӿһ޷ľϲڣǼɫõһԾ˶Ϊǲëˡ
ʦ𣬻ţֻһͷ˵Щŵ
СӣϽһû˵ĵط
ŭ쳹õķ侲ûлȥڤǣǳԶ޾ɽжȥ
һɽڣƲͣͫɨһܣǻʦûˣ
һλ
շϵĻƴӽָóһλλľǱ˳ң㵵Ŀ£ȻĶͷڡ
ף
һȻΪ֣ԼûиܵιҩԴڣѵ
ʱ֪ϵĲ֮ˣ


1307 ̰Ĳ
ľɽȣдУΧһһա
Ϫˮʣɽּһ鶯Ϸɽֶһ滨ïʢһԭʼֵľɫ
ʱһŴ֦һӣʱЩڴҲЩĵȴЩʲôЩƽ
һƢܰӵģĴڵһЩޣ涼ڿţΪһ˵ѹƬӣԣǲû춯ֻԶԶĹۿţĿⶼеһۺɫС֮ϡ
ֻǣСȴۿɼٶţֱƾʧˣʲôҲûʣ¡

Ƴĺ˿ɨһЩȥ棬ȴŷϻָ
Ҳ֪˶ãĶͷ֮ϣһӨӨ֮˳𽥵ģ۳һϵӰ
ʦ𣡡
ķҲǳ׵˿˸żɫȴһĨŵɫ
š
ϵ˵ͷһĨ𣬶ʵ㡮ˡϵľϴ˰ɣ
ˣ
ƺޱĻشš
Ŷûʲô֮ͬ
⻰Ҳ¶һĨɫ
ˣδ֪ǱһҪһ̽
ϾҲû˵о֮˵ǷƣԲ˵
񡭡ûʲôرĲֻ֮ͬǣƺһЩĪǣֺ񲻴һ
ƽԼ鵽һ˵ڣҲǴŨŨãȻɫ
⡭ôһ˵ҲһȻź˼ΣҲ֪˵Щʲôãǰο޷֪ϵƣҲҪڽʥܹ֮չֳʱƾϣޡһǧﰡ
Щ࣬һλ֮ˣ֮սΪֿѣԣ֪һЩϵơ
ʶλ֮ˣʥ֮󣬱ʮʱ䣬ͻʥ硭
˵Ҳĸп
Ϊ֮ӷʥһ׽ʥ˿ǽʮ֮ã屶ΪĽЩۺ졣
ϣϣҪѰ˿࣬Ҳѹֻˡ
ʮʱͽ˴ʥ
Ʋɵһ޲һ󼤶ĳš
Ѿˣأ
ңʥѧڻ֮أô˵ܹ֮ڴʮܹʥˣ
СӣЩΣ
ǹӶҪɫϲûĺǳһ䡣
ȻСЩʲô
֮ڣ֡ơҪ࣬һ൱һ֮ǣҪһһףΣ
֮أЩΪǿ壬
ң˽ʮʱʥҲΪ֮صĴڣȻҪʮʥҲǲܵģ
ʦ˼Ҫʥ֮أҲҪʮ֮𣿡
ôһ˵ƵɫͿڨڨʴƣüͷ
㣡
ֱǱѪһǺˣ
ļһʲôʮ֮ã
仰Ǵȥ֤ȫ½˶Ҫ׷ɱⲻ֪ļһ
Ϊʱ϶Ҫֱĳ嶯
ʮʱ䣬ڽʥ׵˵ת˲һգ۵ʱ䣬Щ붨һξͰ֮ãǣȴҲþܹõ
ϾʥףѾǹ⿿ۻˣҪĻһ˵ԡ
ؼ䣬ɫʥ֮ˣҪͻƣǾҪǸֱܹͻˡ
Ҳ˵ܹͻƵģЩˣ·֮ʱͻȻһͻˡ
ʥףˣʥ֮ȫͬĸ
˵֮ͬˣҲ˵ÿһʮʱͻʥģ
Ϻ޺޵ĵһһٵ˵š
һʮ̫ãⲻڱԼ̫𣿣
뵱ǻʮ֮õʱ䰡
ԭˡ
ôһͣƲЩȻĵ˵ͷһĨĵɫ
ܹʮͻʥ磬Ǹöð
ߣ
ֱӾƲͷȥɴ಻
ٺ٣
ˣһڨڨһЦ
Ҳȷܶһʥûа취һ˿ͻƣȷЩ̰Ĳˡ
ʮ꣬Ѱ˵֮ãǣȷǾá̫ˣ
ƵϵЦ΢ȥǳصʵʦ𣬵ʱڶɾ췣ȥ֮󣬾ʲô飿


1308 Ϊ
֪Ҫ֪Щʲô
ϵɫҲ΢һЩһ۷ƣǻ˵ʱĹ統УȷǸŮӾ㣬Ȼͱǵθշˡ
˵䣬ϵҲǴһĨȻɫ
ǵӰ̫ˣоԼҲӲһ

һĨĪЩжҲЩڡ
ǸŮӲܹģһֱ֮ǾˣǣԼȴǸģÿһΣѵĹͷͦ

ԴˣΨ̾ϢҲ֪Ժ󾿾ҪȥǸŮӡ
ƾõ£ӵв˼ҲǴۡҲoԼһġ
ңҪǣӵԼļ䣬ֻǣʱûлָѣһָ䣬˵ĶԴԼ
ʦĽأ
ʳڵʱ򣬷ƶʱЩţƺĵףѾǳǸŮӵİΣˣҲܺõϢ
֪
ҡҡͷ˵ҵʱǳǶභ֮ʱȻģԣΣҲ̫
ʱǰභһľ
ǾǿʱԼҲ顣
Ϊ֮ﵽʥ۷֮󣬱Ǻ£½أǿභ
ԭΪ½ҲǣڤڵǴĹ֮ȴȻľãƺԶԶԼô򵥡
½֮ϣسʹڵĽأ̫أأŽء
أǾԵĽû֪ʲôţĴۣoʱ򣬼ǽ뵽ڡ
ȥûٳ
ԣ֪ھЩʲô
һЩ֮γɵĽȴŲ٣ţЩڣǴżΪֲĴڣ򣬾Ǵʥ۷壬Ҳڣ
ôһ룬ͻȻģȴǵһξãԼôСôı΢
ĽͣҲ֪ԼΪλĹ֮ˡ
ԭΪϵԵʣƴ룬ֻǵʱನ÷
ֻǣĹڴսĽȴǳһţŮӾǻҲжϡ
İɣӦ£ȻΪܹѵˣ
Ȼɫ̾һο
ʱ˵ľϣҪɶ췣֮ʱһҲҪƳɹɹϵ췣˳Ҳϧ
ԣŲڷƶͷڡ
Ϊģǲ÷֪ԼΪ˸һֱǸΡ
ֻǣķչȴԶԶ˷ϵƿأòǰȻǸԡɡ֯ǿˡ
νĶ췣ȴûгֵ֣ģǵصӰ
ǰǿ÷Ҳ޿κΣаŮӳ֣Ȼ룡
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷĺ˿ɣǣͫĨǣȴǳ
Ҫ֪İΣǾ;ʥ磬ʱٽȥĹ鿴ܹ֪ˣ
Ϊ˸ϣϱǱİο
ʦ֪ôǴĹ
ѿʳϱǹһĨڨڨĿЦ
ԼһϻĹʹε״̬ǣȴܹУ˵֪Ĺķ
ʥ磡
һƬᶨ
ǰܹ֮ʮڣӷʥһͻʥ磬ôӵоϵΪβܣ
ңҪڸ̵ʱڰ쵽
ʮ㣡
ʦҪβͻʥף
ʥףƵΪֹǴ˽⣬ֻ֪ʥܣܹռ䣡
֮⣬ģһŲ֪ҲҪôܹͻʥס
ʻûа⣬һ֮󣬱ϸΪνʥףʵǡ޵ĿʼҪͻƣôһؼڵġУ

˵˺ܶΣǣֵ˽⣬ȴҲһͷˮʦ𣬾ʲôǡΡ޵
࣬ؼ䣬ǾĴڣأҲǧɵģľˮȵȣЩشΪǳԣҲΪġν޵ʵҪȵȥĳһԴ
Ͻĺԣ޵Ҫȥ˽⣬ԴԴ㣬ʥףƾԡ˽⣬ܹʹóһֽȻͬԴܣ


1309 Ͻ
бԴΨбԴ㣡
ؼǧĴڣ֤
⣬Ҳӵǵԭ
ֻ޳ԴԴڹǧǲܹﵽ㣡
ֻǣؼȴһֱûдܹĹڱԴﵽľ硣
˵УɣӵеģıԴ֮
ϣ֮ǿһͿɻأ߸Ŀֲز

Ҫ򡮵˵ѣǣʵҲǺܼ򵥵飬ȥܴؼΪ׽ġһ˵ÿһˣܹġӵеԵġ磬֮ˣôʥףıȻǡʱֻҪץסǸôܹƿظԵԴˣ
һɻ󣬷ҲĵΪš
ףǰС츳ǣڳʶ棬ȴһ֪
Ϊ׽ġ
ƶǶȴûжĵǡ
Ͳţܹ飬Լ֮˻
ʦôܹΪٵ򡮵أ
ƵС˼ˡ
ûнݾ
ϵһۣСʱ̶Ҫ߽·УҲкܴأ磬ӵлɽƬУȻҪΪһЩǻ֮ˣڻɽ֮ڣ򵽡ļȻ͸󣡡
Ȼӵе̶ܳȴСҲռ˺ܴء磬֮֮֮ͨͨʮԭΪ֮ڣѾӵһ̶ȵԴܣֻǣˡδû򡮵ʱ޷ڵԴܼѡڡ֮ʱӵм֮ˣҪЩӵͨҪٵ࣬ңǽʥ׺ӵм֮ǿҲͬľһˡ޵ٶδĳɾͣ
ڷϵĽУƸ̵˽⵽ʥ֮µĲͬҲ˽⵽˼֮ͨĲͬ
֮˵ˣʵһѾ̺һ̶ȵԴֻܵǣû򵽡Ĳô϶޷ڵԴܸ׵ķӳ
֮ǿҲΪ̺Դܵĳ̶ȣ
ңҲΪ̺֮ԴܣԣǱӵͨҪɣҿࡣ
ԣӵͨˣҪʥײŻӵм֮Ҫࡣ
ǰӵм֮ǿ̶ܳȣҲһԺĳɾ͡
һӵѰ֮ˣл׶ˣ֮䣬ҲЩԽĲࡣ
Ѱ̺ܹ֮øڷʥ·ϱͨߵҪ죬ҪѸ٣ǣѾӵеļ̺֮ԴȫôͲӵһˣǱһһӡ
л׶һˣƾԼ̺ԴܣҪѰߵĸԶ죡
ʦӦһ
Щʶ֮󣬷Ʋٴοڶŷʵ
ڷǰαװǶͻʣҲõ˸ԭ֪顣
һζĲװôɻһͷˮ
Ѱ˲ͬΪӵеļ֮ɲֹһֶѡ
ľˮףǳ֮췣
ôҪһ
ͷʹˣһˣǣҪģȴ֮࣬൱ҡ
Եġں
Ҳ֮壬ȻɻʲôΪ
֮ǿᣬܹͬġںϳһָΪġֵΪ޻磬ԣ֮ӵǰƥʵֱ䶥Ĵڡ
Ҫһ򡭡
ȻѾµˣüͷȴЩ
Ȼӵ㹻ּ֮ڣǣǲһںϵĻôƣٴεȻ޴棡
Ȼ˵ֻҪ֮Ϳںϣںȴûж⣬ǣǰڣȴҪȽ
һֵ㹻ˣǣȴҪ֮࣬ҪѵʱҲҪ֮࣡
Ҫٵ֡а
Ʋ΢̾һᶨ
һҪõȵһУʱֱӾͿӵ֮һʱ䣡
ģ϶Ҫõʱ䣡
½ȣѾǼµʱˣôڼڽ֡أֻһ֣ʱֻ²Ǻܴ
ԣЩˡ


1310 
˵ʥ׵ĳ̶ȣͬ׵λϣ츳ӵеһƵģ
⻹Ǿ̺ԴܵĶ٣
ͱ磬ͨӵ֮ͨˣ൱ǳһľˣôл׶ˣǾǳžɵˣڽͬ£žˣǺʵĻʤӵľ֮˽΢߳ڲ಻£žˣҲһлܹȡʤ
еĲ֪࣬ˣǡʡĲࡣ
Դ̺ĳ̶ȣʹһУ
ܹߵĸԶܹߵĸ죬ܹǿͬףͬһڣӵۺܣ
ԣл׶ˣѧԺڣҲܵߵӡ
ܿϧǣѡ̣ħһĵʦУûģһͬʣ˵ӣһ仰ԣͻһ٣
Ǹ࣬ʦԲ˶ԴЩġ

Сӣڿʲôأ
üͷ˼ţüͷһĲһ﾿Щʲôǿʵ
ʦӵеļ֮ͨµĳ̶ȣֻһֵĻʱ½֮ϣֻ²ӵжơ
üͷ˵
ֻһġӵеģǷӳľֻ֮һԴܣԸѰˣоԵȡš
ǣ½ȵһȥģԣǽĸǸϹڤ忼ǽȥˡ
ǲ֮尡ǰѾƿϣ
ôп⼫̵ʱڣϵĲ֮ͬ𣿣
ǾԲܵģ
ңѩĮѾ֪ĸӵϹڤ£ĽȻ޸˵ڣԻһλϹڤ֮˵ڣ
Ҫǽȥ顣
ԣǲӵеֶΣʱԲϹڤص˵Ķ֡
ʲôǸϹڤǰѾӵˣ
ôһ˵ϵ۾Բˣȵĺ
Ϲڤ壬֮ȼ尡ͺźû֮ͬˣǣȴû뵽ȻѾˣͬһ죬ңû뵽ǣϹڤ壬ȻѾƿܣ
ʱüͷҲ
ô˵ƿܵϹڤһȣƵȷҲǺƿˣңпܻܣ
ʦ֪ܲӵ֮ѩĮεӮңӦ޸Ҳ˵޸ڣܻһϹڤΪǿļһڣ
˵ҲĸоЩͷʹˡ
벻ͨǻкܹѹϹڤأ
ⲻܣ
ֱӾͷˣǣ뵽⻰֮˵ĻɵĳĬˡ
޷Ԥ飬Ҳи漣ڣҲĳ˵õĳ촫УҲ˵顣
ãϲ̾һ԰οĿ˵Сӣ£Ҳﲻ㣬⻹ÿԼģ治УҲûʲôЩѣҲ˷Ѳ˶ʱ䣡
š
Ҳû뵽취õķ鶸Ȼͳࡣ
һʱ䰡˵ɣҪһʱʱ䣬ҲҪܹðɡ
ʵǲ뽫ʱ˷ڽ֮ϣңʵʸȥЩѧֵ
˵һ꣬൱ʮĲ࣬УǸᱻºܶࡣ
ž
ͻأģһƣеˣСӣ㲻ǻӵսһҼսĲѾˣսһиĻô㻹һȡʤĻᣡ
԰
ôһ˵ڵɫҲ
սһһѴɱսһӳܣ϶ƽ֣
ԣһּ֮սһôпܹڤһ¡
ˣ췣ƿ췣֮ǡ
ţƵĺǼ
췣ԻΪͬ޵еĴڣ
ѾʾˣΪʥףƾѾصĻ־
췣ؼһһǴػ־֮ͬڣң似£˭˿裿
ѾǴӽ췣ˣǱƿУ

ţƱЩʵĴЦ
ͬȽ׵췣־ô֮ͬڣؼ仹˭Ͽѹ
¡¡
Ҳ춼ŭˣ˲ƹһը쳹ؼ䣬õķɫ䡣


1311 Ϊ
ԭЩɵɫ䣬ǻ谵һƬѹѹƣֱѹ棬鶼һϢѹ
⡭ѵ췣
񷣬ǳ鴤ţƣҲ˲ϣǶһ㵭ĽɫΣܡ
˼·תĺܿ죬뵽˺ֿܶԣһǡѵԼľ췣ûɹ
췣
˽ģϷĴЦǸ˿ҲûңеСҲЩɧƺҲ̿ѣֻǺµƲкùӳԣԲû̫
Сӣûᣬڿ֮ĺʱ
ڷɻĪʱ򣬷仰ǻ췱һӨӨ֮⣬Ķͷ֮ڡ
Եĺʱ
һǰһУõ˹

£õǰľҲڣһ꽵ٴء
ԭˡ
ϵɫһֱӹ˺ߣٴκݺݵĳ˳顣
ΪǾ췣ã̫ˣϸ۲ĻܹеĲ֮ͬƣŨϲһңڷҲû췣ٵʱֻһеĴϡ
ˣ
޺޵ľһѻе塣
ļһԼȻҲڿЦ
ϧԵĻռҽأֻǻһЩ
ư촽ЩδţµǲƱǱҲˣܱûǿ
ৣ
ֻǴһ㵭Ľɫεķƣֱ뵽ѹѹƲ֮ڡ
꣡
ڣе绡˸ϣȴǷһǽӵңһС

ֱӾͺЩѰףֱӾ֮ڣĺ˿¸񣬱ǱԪһ񣬶ǷΧһƬ֮ϣΧһеı任
ĸ֪֮£ڵľ棬ģȫˮΣһһεۻ˳һڷţڣһɫĵ绡ǾһԾţײ䣬ǻ¶һɭ׵ĻߣǱը
ڵһСС绡ŬģԼ绡绡һͬһһԾţ绡ײţ˸š
ˣ
֮ڣִӴ˾֮󣬾һֱڵ쳹ţޡ
ֻǣڷƳȥ֮ͻأģǾŸϿڴһЩ΢Сת䣬Ȼȥ֮ǰûʲô仯ǣȴ쳹ıȽû֮ǰǰģˣĴڣңէһȥڴһأƺڴЩʲô
һδ֪̣Ͽ֮ͬʱ˳Ӱ쵽磬ڵƬƣӵĺڳˣ磬Ҳӵļˡ
ֻǣһеı仯ȥķƣȴ˿֪һУһССĵ绡ڣѾΪס
ʱȥ˲֪ãֹܿͣˣҲɢȥֻǣֵǣڷΧļʮɣңõΧ޶ǲҽӽƺʲôµĹһ
ʱȫĳһƬˣϣͬһЩ绡˳Χڵĵ绡ϵײɭĻߣһЩ̶
ͬʱϣԼӳһ̣Ҳһ̵ĴڣԣƲûɢһֱ
һ׵oһ֮ڸһɭĻ߲ϵ֣ƽһơ
ⳡ棬Ǹͨ˿ǻᾪУ׵֮ˣ
һ죬ܿ͹ȥˣΧɣҲûаѵĺۼǽ뵽˳ߵУƳ
ȥˣûʲô仯ֻǣΪԭʼ֣ڣȻεꡣ
ڵ죬񱩵ٴˣķŽСҲڡ
ӣ찵ء
ʱڷƵ˼ûѾ뵽һҵľأΪһСС绡ţһ׵羫һ
¡¡¡
ʱ˿̣֮ڣӡˡľŸϿڴģҲ޵ķˣֱǰĸоڷ֮أͬʱϵ̣Ҳ͸ΪŨˣõƺ϶Ϊһ


1312 ʥ
¡¡
죬쳹񷣬Χ򣬺ѹѹһƬŭ꽻ӣһɭ绮ʣõ
ǣǺڳ֮ڣУԼ䣬ȴһӰ֣
ǣܹǣǱ۾ô͸ûһӰĴڣƺֻһĴڡ
ꡭ
Ӱһɫĵ绡һ˸ţƽӴǾһԾţϷţһ塣
ʱ䣬붨Ѿˣ
ʱ˿̣һƬûκεû˼룬˿̣ѾΪ磡
һַǳĸоҲǷƴû鵽ĸо꣬ڽһ
¡¡¡
ڣ֮Ȼ£һģһⷽռڣҲھһΪء
ңΪҪǣΪһֱġˡҲһЩϸ΢ĸı䡭
ھϴ֮ԭԲ°㾧ӨġˡѾǱһҫ۵գ貶Ŀڡˡ֮ڣһСĿռ䣬һƬյ֮ͨڣΧġڡ֮ϣ̻·ȻγɵЩأڿһһɽˮз磬ꡭ
ƺЩģһ磬һȫ磬ֻǣЩ·ȴǲ̫硭ǲſӡȥһ
ʱΪ쳹ⷽССĿռڣȴһöǳӡ۶ɣЩƺöӡǵĻζġ
öӡǵۣ֮ڣģӳһֱϢģЩ꣬ڷһˡ
Ϊһϵеı仯ֵķƣֱӾ˽ȥǱ۾ĻѾڣеģһĵ绡
ʱƣöӡӵʵӷڣӳһ׾𶯾죬أһһƴΧƹⷽԲʮ֮ڵޣȥƺڶĳֲֿʾԼĳ
ʱţתۼ䣬켴
꣡
ͻأģڲ֮ڵķ˫ʵʰͫڱŷǰƣ˺һУڼǧһľϣ˲ը٣ľмĽңڲԶĵ棬׵ӡ
Ҽף׼ңҼȻ𡭡
һУƾûо쵽һ׹˸˸³׾ըܣǧһλoڽһģΧƱֻ˸˸ĵ绡һoһ
¡¡
΢һ֣Χռװը죬磬ѾǳܲסĴһռ䶼Ҫˡ
ϲѾɹʥˣ
ϵֱԺ쳹õѹ
ʥˣ
һоȻûаϲͺһжȻһ
һУˮɣ
ľ磬һҲ޷ﵽľ磬ô׾ٵľͻˡ
СӣʥףֻһʼѣԺ·
ҲΪ˸ƣҪֿصĻﴫ
ʦ֪
Ƶ˵ͷǺƽûж
룬磬ѾͻʥףأʱֻҲѾͻˣԼӦһͻƵˣʲôԾýģ
һ·˭࣬һһģĸ壬壬ʥ壬ͬ
壬壬ʥ֮ˣǶӵг޷ƣӳˣģӽӣ֮ϣ
ǣƵ֮壬ȴЩȫһ츳˵ƽӹЩӽȣǼֱ֮
ǣôһһߵ˽زЩӽ֮ϡ
ʣ壬֮壡
ȻߵļѣǣͬʱҲӵ˺ܶĺôĻҪЩӽҪȹ̣ΪÿһĲֱͬӾӵоǿʵõԣҲüļ͡
ţ
ˣϲӦһϤһʥʲô֮ͬ
ã
ôһ˵ҲЩԾԣŷϵָڵġˡϡ
¡¡¡
һڡˡռڵöӡǱǻζҴը֮


1313 ӡ
ǷƵһν뵽ˡ֮ڣҲǽʥ׺󣬲ܹ顣
뵽Сռ֮󣬳ڷǰģö쾧֮ʱ۶ɵЩƵӡǡ
˰ɣöӡǣʥ׵ı־Ҳ֤֤֮Ϊӡ
ϵ˷ơ
ˡ
ƵͷҲЩĿۿöεĵӡ
öӡΣʵһ㣬ģǴһִ֮ʱĸо
ǰöνĵӡƺһЩʲô
ӡеƣǷʥһףӡͻһơǶףŽףǾŵΪ£ŵơʱٽһҪ췣ܹʥĲΣ
Ϊ֪ƶЩʶһϲͨԣϱһһָϸĽŷʥľŸı仯
ʦǾԺϸģ
ƣ
ôһ˵һϸĴǰöӡ
Ȼöӡ֮ϣȷһ·˳ģΧŵһȦȻ·ǺޣǣȴʱţʵĴڡ
Ȼһ·
۾һֲȴҲܹ⣬ΪϾŽʥ׶ѣûг׵ȹȹˣƣȻͻԽԽ̡
ŬɣȡҲʮ֮ڽʥ磡
ϾҲûʲôҪ˵ˣ仰ȥ
ֻǽһЩʶѣı仯ҪԼȥܸӵӡ̡
һģ
Ӧĺܼᶨʮ㡣
ʮ꣬ʥһĿ꣬ǱɵĿ꣡
ڳǷ˼췽ҹ̷һĻĿ꣬ʦͽУȴļҳһΪǷӣ
˵ʮ꣬һǧֻ꣬Ҫܹʥ磬پܹӵжһǧ
ңҪǣҪʥҪ췣
½ϣǸľӢﵽʥ۷ģһǧ棬࣬Ҳһܹɹɹ췣
Ҳ˵ǾӢţҲǧ֮һļʣ
ԣ𿴷ʥ˲٣˵󲿷ּ֮ˣԴﵽǣʥģȴǼΪϡ٣ëǣ
ǣó˿һ췣ȴоԵĶɹ
ֻдﵽʥ磬½ϣӵʱ

Ƴ˿ʱҲ泩˺ܶ࣬Ҫ˳ˡռʱ򣬲һɨۣǿ˴ڡڡ֮ϵЩ·
Щ·ʵ̫ˣġˡڵı棬ˣȻȥû˿Ķ߿ԣûκͷǡһ߰㣬ǣȴ÷һĿĸоǿʲôһ
ȷʱڷƵĸ֪ڣЩ·Ȼûͷԣǣôһǵĸоڿһķ羰һֻԴС
ɽˮвݣľϦ¡
ƾôĿţ˽ȥһ̵õ˼ķɣȪһ
¡¡¡
ָоеʱмöӡȴ΢΢ζըһ
֮⣬ӡ֮ϵһ޵ġơȴҲ˸һĪĹֹ˸·Ǳ࣬һ滺Ŀ̻ţϵļš
ֻǣͻ죬ȴǽƴĪ⾳о˹
ѣӡĻζҲͣ·ϵĹҲͬȥ
Щʲô·Ϊλ
ɨܣƱɻˡ
ţûн˵·ңȻĸоһԴһ
ѵÿһˡˡڶ
һĨ˼Ҳû̫ȥ⡣
ϾЩ·ȥΪ̣ԶԶ˷۳ĵӡϵһơŽʥףôܻ·أ
ԣƲ⣬ӦǡˡȻγɵģУȻҲûа취·
⡮ˡҲδ֪ء
ƺ˿ٴɨһĵӡЩɻĵղţΪεӡԼζ
Լ䣬һ֮ԣŴ⾳б˹ֻǣôһûʲô춯õЩãȻ벻
ѵǸоˣ
ҡҡͷ˳ˡˡ֮ڣûȥ˼


1314 

ڣȴһӷƵָų۳һеģȻڵĵУֱһռ䣬Ȼǲһıˣ棬޼ʵռ˳ռٴεĺ£
ȻԲܹռ䣬ǿȣȷʾܹģ
Ƹпһ˫˸绡һĹ
ûнʥףԶ֪ʥʾĲ྿
ڵķƣȫ֮Ĳࡣ
˵УôʥǰǾڴĥ״̥ʥףڿ棡
Ҳ˵ϣ߾һһѽ
֮ܣͺñһ񵯣Ȼͬһ񵯣ǣʾˣȴûߣ޷࣬Ҳŵʯͷ˶ѣʥףӵ񵯵ߣ
֮䱬ܣ֪
ûа취ȵģԣʾˣ޷Խʥܣ
ߣǴ롮ˡڵһöӡҲΪһöӡĴڣԣܹ̺֮׼ܣ
ԣʱеǻָǰڵɫΪڡˡڵöӡģֻ׼ԶѣԲ֣ڳߵ״̬

˼֮󣬷ɢȥУĺ˿뵽֮ǰ顣
Ҫƿ췣
Ҫƿ췣ôҪصĻ־УȻӵ췣Ҳһûߵ񵯶ѣ
صĻ־Ҫأ
ƴͷʹ
ΪƺصĻ־ֻ췣ٵʱ򣬲Ż֡
ѲҪȥ췣֮򲻳ɣ
г鴤š
ȻɣѾܹһ췣ĴǣҲܴԺһ췣Ĵڰ
£ȫҪڵ췣֮ϣܳȥصĻ־
ʱƱǸеˡ
ѵעԼ޷ƿ췣
Щģòӵ췣ǲƿأǰæһ
Ȼһ޴ըҩûߣҲǷѡ
ʱ޾ĿյС
СӣѵʲôԾĵط
ܵĲԾϵٴδ˳
ûвԾ
ҡҡͷɲߣǶʲôҪһ
Ŷ
ϵǴŽŽɡ
ӨӨӷƶͷģ۳һλ˵ģ
ʦʵϴ㲻Ϊӵ׼֮
ƺ˿ǻ˵ţͬʱһֻԪڵ췣ָš
Ĺ֮ʱԭҪ͵ģǣȴΪ֯˸Աϣûм˵ȥ
ף԰֣׼ԺһЩһ
ϵĿ⣬֮ϣЩĵ绡ϵƤҲֱģǾúһͷͻһЩëĸо
ⲻ׼֮
ҡҡͷҲǴһĨȡ
ȻƽΪ׽ˣҲԲܹ¶ܣԷһ
ǣڷϣȴǲ
׼
΢΢һһžĵͷͻأıǼӿͫ΢΢չѿ˵ѵ
ţ
Щ𾪵Ŀ£صĵ˵ͷ
ͣ£
Ҫſڵʱ򣬷ȴǳֹ˵ȥ
ϵڣֳâһȼţپɨܣԶǧ֮⣬ͬʱһɺƴӨӨ˸˸˳ϯ˷Χ޶һٵһƬ򣬾ĳӣҲϵȥ
ð죬ϲǻָӿһĨЩʵ㾿ΰ쵽ģ
ʦ֪ѭ֮
ģڨڨһЦɫ
ѭ֮
һڱһĨ˼ɫ㾹Ȼ֪ѭ֮
⣬ʶ֪ļһȻµĶ
ʿյĿ࿴ĸо
˿ţƵĶͷϱǹ˺ߣƲƲ죬˵ѭ֮ô֪ܲѭ֮Ĵڣ
ʲôѭ֮
⻰ֱӾʧ̬ˣĽеһ˫ӶҪɳˣŷƣǿŹһ
Ǽٵҡͷܣƭ˭Žʥ׶ѣôѭ֮


1315 ֮
ûнˡϵϿȫ򿪣ҽʥףôǾûа취ܹѭ֮ģ
ǳʶ
ԣϲֱӷˣǣķصģаڿЦӣ
ңĿУǿʲôĻСӣôܻ֪ѭָ֮Ĵأ
У϶֪顣
ĿתƵϵĵ绡֮ϣʱǺݺݵĳ˳顣
Բ׼֮
Կ϶ôеĲ룬ӦþصĻ־۶ɵ췣
췣ĻôڵĶɾ̫ˡ
ȣĹھͷַӵ˵ģֻǣʱΪע˷Ƴɹƿ֮棬Բźһ㡣
Ҳ˵ڷƻûнʥ׵ʱ򣬾Ѿƿ˵ġ
ߣһ˵ʣôܹɵصĻ־أ
ţ֮壬ҲԲܹɵˣΪػ־Ϊ˻ڵģôܹɵĴڣ
ôУ϶ܹƺ췣Ĵڣ
ܹƺ췣֮
һЩ˼飬ƺ֪ΧڣҲܹƺ
ôΨһĿԣڷƴʱἰϡ
ѭ֮
㡭ѭ֮
ϾԼĻЩɬһѻտţõڸ
뵱Ѿǧ࣬˽Եѭ֮ӵƥսԼ޲ˣ˺պ
ǣԼΪҫѭ֮ȴǱһʾ͸쵽ˣ
οǣʱҲԹˡ
ѵСǹҲ̫ƽˣ
ңŶʮѰȻ쵽Լûа쵽飬ƿ֮壡
ǽЩȥô½ϵǿ߶ҪɱҪɱҡڣҲһã嶼Ҫܵǣ
Ĵڣⲻƻƽ𣿣
ˣǷԼҲҪĳ嶯
Ľʺް
ţ
صĵ˵ͷ޸п˵ѭ֮Ҳܹƿ췣
ţЩɻˣΪԼѭ֮ȴûеӡأ
ѭ֮
һ˼ϵɫͽ˵˶ʯˣĿŷƣûһٴЩ϶ʵ˵ǡʲôѭ
ѭ֮
ʵԼҲͷˮģڣҲûоãѭ֮ĺôģ˰ѱ췣û;ˣӡû£ʱЩͷ
ѭ
ϲ𾪣üͷˡ֡
ѭҲû˵
ѭܹ֮֮ش϶ΪһлѭӶﵽҼĵز
ǣѭѲɣ˼֮ʱܹƿزɣ
룬϶Щ˼飬Ϣĸо
ģôδ̫˰ɣ
ѭ֮ģ
Ĭѹе֮󣬷ϲǿʵĿŷơ
ţƾԲƭԼǣɵǣǲŪˣ
ʥҽʥصֽľ֮ʱ򵽵ġ
ƽʱ΢˵һ顣
˼һϾ˵ģ
˵ţϲһûл۶ˣãǻ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
š
һȻӣ˵ͷ
ҲΪԼоϣԲŻ᲻ͬɣ
ǰþûдĺôôһ룬ϴĺôɲһ㣬ֱǴ˳ʶ
ʣؼ˭ܹʾѭ֮ģ
ţ΢΢
ʷǰĵһˣ
ҲǾϴģңֻ£ܹѭ֮ҲһĹ
Ϊδڣڻ̺ʲôܣЩǷڲ֪ģҪԼȥС

Ŀ˵ʶͣڷһϾѭ֮档
ⲻʲôѭֻҪǧһǾõͨʸ
õǧǿۺһѭ֮Ȼô׵ıһʾˣǴȥؼǿ߶ֱȥϵˡ
Щ˭ģ
һһĨ⡣
ʶ֪ļһ֪Щģ


1316 кܶ
һлƵĹˡ
뵽ǵݵӰҲЩǴڡ
ھȥѾǺüµʱˣȻһֱûдϢõЩǡ
ȻȥݵģǣʵȴһҲȻûмǣĵף˾ͺܲ򵥣пʥ۷زĴڣ
ǿȥ׷ɱһˣҪ˳ʱ䣬ɼ׷ɱ֮˵Ĳˣ
ǷƣԼҲѻ߶ܵˡ
ǣǱ︽Ĺʥʥȴˣϸ˵ͷˣ
ܵǣͷɳ˭ܹƵ
ԣƲŻ˵ļȵҪٵԼʵԺͷʱ򣬲ŶԸˣ
ƣ
һĨɻҲ΢΢
ҲЩ벻ͨΪλͻȻðôһһԷ˵չӻ
ǰշ˵ôˣԷûл⣬ӦģȻֶΣҪʵ̫ˣαô£̻˷ôĳʶ
ʦʶ
ЩڴĿ
ΪɣӦԼ֮йأôǲҲأ
ʶ
ҡҡͷЩ̫ȷ˵Ҳ˻ʸ˰ɣ
Ͼ֮壬˻ʸһ˵ǾкܴģҲΪ˻ʸһߵ壡
ԣ˻ʸɳôһרȥӻƵİΣҲ˵Ĺȥ
˻ʸ𣿡
ҲôɹϾʥѧҲǻƸ֪֪ģңصصһҪѡ켫ԺѡһйŮʦ
ԣƣ˻ʸһϵ
ˣѭ֮ض췣Ǹʱεס췣ģ
ٴÿһɻʵ
㣬һϾ췣ô췣ĳ̶ȣҲԻﵽʥܵزŶԡ
һϾεסʱ췣ģ
ǻƳˣֶҲһҲǸʱһ췣
ƽʱŵ˵һ顣
侹Ȼ
϶ʱĿɿڴʱͱǸȱټʶˣΪڷ˵һУüΪİΪҪǣЩ鶼̫ˣ
滹ܹӻ˶ɹ췣
ȻԸţǣƻܹţⲻõ֤
ѭ֮Ȼƿ췣
Ͽţһֱڲסĳ鶯ܳһ䣬ǽЩϢˣٴۣŷƣ˵ҲΪľϰɣ
Ψˣܹ͵Ĺȥ
ϾϣԭǰδйԣŴһϵз˼ıʡ
֮ܶԷ˵ֻкô㣬Ѿ㹻ˣ
Ȼѭ֮ôϸȥġˡڱ֮ϣǲһڡ
ϻǲ̫ȷԣ÷ȥȷϡ
ˡڱڣ
һԺڸֳ
ôѵûУ
ˣüͷһ
ѭܹ֮ӳܣɲǵܹģȻǰ󣬵ǣԽڣеľ֮ǻֳˡ
ֻǵһãǣѭ֮ȴǽѭؼĴ϶Ϊһѭ϶ȣָкܴĲ
㣬򵽹ѭ֮ķᡣ
ֻǣҲΪѾ˽ѭ֮ԣ޷һν뵽ֶˡ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ˵ֻǣһ·ǡкܶ
ˡڵıϣȷ̫·ˣҲԣҲֻúܶˡ
ܶࣿ
⻰ȻĿܶ࣬Ƕ٣ɻʵʲô˼
ѭ֮ĵƣǲڵĵӡֳġ
ڵġˡ൱һ˵ģӡȻĺ֮ڣǣܵ˵ˡģ̻ڡˡϣ͵Լ̻һ
ңͬǣѭ֮絥ǰ㣬ӵƵȻѭ˽⣬ϵ·ǸΪ̣ഫһѭڡˡ֮⣬ҲֳܹĻǾʹŸѾܹ׵׵شһҲ˵ܹﵽĴڣ
ȴûܹһҲֻЩ˵еoܹɣ


1317 ת۰
ǷϲἰĻôƾΪÿһ˵ġˡڱڶǲھٺôһֱͣӾסˡ
һѭ֮һ·ôڱ·νͣ
ɡ
ЩĿɿڴ૳Щزˡ
һ·һѭ֮·ĸǶ
ףΪλ
ӡ·Ķ٣Ǿĸߵͣڱ·ǳǴںϵ϶ȡ϶ȣʵ뾳޹أֻǣ϶ȵǳܹңָٶȣҲкܴ
΢üͷΪһЩʶҰοˣ·࣬Ⲣǻ£Ҳѭ֮йأ
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲͬ˵
Ϊۿʱ򣬱ǴһԴһֻǣûеʵĵزֻһԼĻѣȻҲᱻˡ
ƲǶŷʵԣʦȻƿ췣ǣҪβܹ췣Դأ

ôһʣҲסˡ
ʶ㣬ǣ췣ȴû˿˽⣬ңǻҪǰȥ췣£п
ǣ췣֮£
Ǽֱȥ
㵱ʱƿ췣ģ
ģԺһĨ⣬ǿʵ
ǡˡ쳹һ
ʱҲһĨ⣬ʱǱ۾ͬʱһ췣
ꡭ
ɫ磬ָţһȴǵһĵĻϢõЩڵĳӶɪɪš
ˡ
췣ʱһصǴеġˡ쵴˳ȥ翣ǣϸţܹܵһɭɱͺǧڻɱշһУ
Уֻлһɽʯˣǳ˵ĩյУ

һû˿ԥģǽȫַȥ
Сӡ
ɫƽȥ붨ķƣ¶һĨοɫǣҲһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ȻǴûпƣǣĿУͽܣΪġ
¡¡¡
ȥһ˲䣬ƶʱǾԼʹ췣֮һضںһ׻صĽ
ɽӱ飬سݣڲҺѣĩգ
ƣʹһֲ滻ĳУǻ綼ڱ

һ˲䣬ƱǴ֮¾˹ͷϣ˺ˮ죬Ǵսһһ
Σ
ϵɫʵ
ҡҸܵˣصĻ־
ƻ˿΢૵˵
ȷִӡˡڴķľԾصĻ־
ҲΪĴڣԣƲܹƿ췣
ڣھȫַ֮࣬ʵĴڣ봦췣֮ûж
ǴһĨǳЦ˵ͷ˵ܺãȻܹ쵽־ôŬɣȡ򣬵ʱƾ췣֮Ϲڤľ߹㣬Ҳеһƴ
ţ
Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷ
췣š
˵Ҳ㲻Ϊѹأ붨
ٴɨһܣǶ˵
ػ־Ĳ̫ˣʥѧڣҲֻ»˵ע⣬ԣ˵Ұ⣬õѡ
Ҳûԥǽ½ȵʱ֪ϣԼһɽǽ붨״̬
ǰž޲ӵܣ΢΢һ䣬ģǿʼɢǵ㣬ƵĶͷ֮ڣɽڣָ˳ŵС

תۼ䣬ʱǹȥˡ
ʥѧ켫Ժ
ʱڣڻ֮İڣǳɹĽʥף磬ڰǰɹĽ˷ʥ׵ĵزһ硣
ʵ̫ˣǰڵĽȻľˣǰʱ䣬һ磬õ˶ɵĸп
л׶ѩĮ¹Ҳǽʥףл׶˷ʥײãѸٵĸĽŲ
ȻûжĽȣǣɽȴǸһ


1318 
֮ʱڣŮл׶飬¹أѩĮ˺ܴ
ϾֻĸϻǿɲΥȻĸϻǻ˵ģ
⼸ڣÿһ¶ѵһΡ
ǽһҰ
ȻѾǾˣǣȴû˿Чεķεʹøıƣ̵ǿѹ£ͬ鹹ǲһÿһζǱһٽ
ҲҪᣬֿֿ߲һ
һΣ¹أҲʱ𴲣
֮Ҳû˸ҵ˿
ȻǱɳһ٣ǣٳ©ֵͻ󻡶ȵļᣡ
ǣ෴ǳκһ©̵ȭͷǻأԣҪģȥ̣Ǿڼϵе©
УѩĮԵĿģȭͷèһ¶ʱǴԺҲǰڳǸߵˡ

ء
˫ֳܷܷǰһƣһɾ޴ƥһۿɼĲ磬л׶¹أû˿⣬ˣվں󷽸ĸˣǱ˳ȥ˦ܣײǽϣһʹĶ졣
ৡ
ǽҪµʱȴû˿ͣ͵ģŮûһ˺ʹǶԾ𣬸Էֹȷ磬л׶¹ٴγ̽
⶯֮䣬ûаĳͣѾԤϵģǧٱһʮֵ졣
飬ǽɽѸټ𣬿һɫˮֱÿһ˵ͷ¡
Ҳǽ࣬Ѿܹɽķָ˵ȣһط
ǾȫԪ֮ÿһϣһ㱡ĹΣõƴͬʱҲʩѹۿɼĲƣһֱ£ϡ
վһǽ֣ʱʱ̶̿Ʈűɭ¶ȣܹѪҺᣬңվĵϣҲһı˪ǰľӨʮֵĻȥֻҪһСģǻʧء
ЩǵĽ
ѩĮҲΧϵߣһƬǳתľͬʱвϵÿһ˴ָǰ빥ķλ
Գ֣
ǰûʲôԽǺֻԼӵĵùѣ
ԶҲ޷һ˫һҲûȥèۣǶèڣʲôӿԣ
ԣλ߰ʦ̵Ľ̵£ǽøӷ쾡ˡ
𺣣ڹľ磬Хţͬķλϯ̣ȫǳҪλͷ­࣬׵
λǷǳĵλҲΪꡣ
ߣ
žϣʱȴûʱǰЦȡ֮һıк߳мû˿⣬ѵһʱǾûһ𣿡
Ȼ˵֮ϣпѾȱˣǣУȴǲֵһᣬ©ٳһ
˵䣬ڱŷһɺƴʱƽ嫺ͻȻ캧һΧѩϵı˪ֱӱ飬ޣµԪ֮ʩѹǱ顣
ţһֱֻ֣ʩչ׶绡Űǣȴֱӱϵǹεֱɢ
Ȼѩ׵һģл׶ɽ籡Ļ𺣣ֱӾͻһ
һתֻס¹ĸͷ΢һ˦¹رû˿ı˦˳ȥϵǲ㵭ɫˮˡ
ڣ
תӦ¹صʱѩĮ飬ڶǱһĨ⡣
󣡡
ѩĮ˫һǳ۶ɵĴΪĿ£ͷ֮ϡ
ǳһУⷽڣ߸ͬķλȴ߿貵ǳڣһɰĴϣһ־ǿնѹ˵ĸо
ƺҪǿ֮ҲҪס
˫
һԣŸһͺȣ̵Ľ£̾ϣ˫Ĳס
ͬʱŻǴ΢Ȼɫл׶


1319 ɱ
ף
ڵ绡˸˸һŮ³ɬ֮һǰһǴȰ׳ľףǳ̼лȥٶһ£һ£Ǿһ߿£űƣݻһС
𣡡
л׶ܣһУڻ𺣵УѪҺһʺĻţĻ䣬ɫĻ̵λ۶ɣͷų˵¶ȣΧĿռ䶼ǱյһŤңٵĳ£
һɱ֣˭ͻɱ֣о޴룬ҲһĨɫ
ȷˣҲûԤϵ
ϼɻ
һӵ̱ǷӦһɳʰסӳĵһλɾŮһ䣬裬һ˫Ӷʱɱһ˫֮Ӷ
飡飡
һ˫䣬ǽһķ̾˫ϵһ˫֮ͷ­ϣʱһشһ֮ϣһ˫ͷ­ֱӱˣҲǴѿܡ
꣡
ţһǷͷǷǳаĴ󣬶ʱһûһ龵һֱһѿһѺ󣬽ţڴڵ߿ǳըѣֱӻΪޡ
ⲻǷڻʯ֮䣬һһ˦ǽѩĮ˵
ţл׶Ĺѵ
ɴݣһ˫ڣѩ׵ĻһƬƬӣһ˳ԣǣ־Уȴǰɭɱ΢΢Ʈ䣬ռƺһƬƬˣл׶˿ɣЩĻܹ׵ĸԼĺ
ء
һıըףл׶𣬶ֱӱˣХϯȥܡ
䣡
ǣʱȴһĨ˵ĵ绡һֱӡ˫֣ͻȻͣһֵӡнһһˮͰ׳ףǰ󣬺ҵĳ¡
ɱһؽһأɱ
ǣ
ٴһĨ죬˫ûջأֱӾʹһǷһ㣬ҲoڵߣΧĿռ䶼ˣǵһҲסһͣ˰룬ţȻıˣһɾ޴ľХ£ǣȴһε֣ƺܹһеľ磬Ȼ½Ҳû
Ҳԣ
ƻһµɱ٣Ȼͱɸƽˣл׶˶ǵԲ۾ڣһƬ˼ɫ
ͣ
Цɨһ۴ľˣе˵ǵļƻֱ©ٳһսϣûκɱļƻֻǶѣ
˲ҷΪÿһ˵ʺǰһƬ΢΢ĸ䣬õһëӱֱҶһ¡
ɼ֮ǿᣬɱ٣׵Ľ֮⣬ңȫס
ֶΣν¡
͵Ϊֹˣһ¾Ҫ½ˣԼ׼òصһĻߺߣ
һӣһƬƬĻɢڿռ䣬һ仰ֱ˳ȥ
ֻǣ˭Ҳûп߳ĹϷŵʱǣȴһĨǳǳĻȡ
ҵﰡУѵoɣ
űؽ֮¹صһһƨȥдţڣһƬľ¡
л׶Ȼû˵ȴ࣬¶Ȼɫ
ʵж֪ǵļƻãǣҪԵĶ֣ʵ̫ǿˣ
Ҳɷϵģÿһƶļƻڽǿѹ£ôܹʹղǱɱأ
ÿһζҪнȣȻ̾ͻӴ
㣬ǶԣÿһζҪƱһ¸Ϊܵļƻ
뵽һ£˵ɫɵٴΰ˼֡
˷СӣӦûܹԿǷŮˡ
¹ʹһЩط̾˵
ڤڣչֳ˾˵ǿǵȷǿ˶Ը̵ϣ
ǣȥˣȴһֱûзʥѧ
ӡϣϤ֣Ů϶ʱ¶һĨǵɫǿѩĮ


1320 
ʱǽʥѧѾǹȥʮһˣҲ˵ڤ¼ҲȥʮˣʱƱǰŮӴߣһǱʥѧǸʱÿһ£ʱ䣬ŮǻѩĮһƽ£ֻǣֵǣȴһֱûзõ˶Щɻ
˵Ƿƽɹ췣ǻֱӷأϾҲ֪Ůᵣ
ǣǳʲô飬ԣһֱѲȻӦͷ˲Ŷԡ
ԣڵһµʱŮȥ죬ȥѰҷƵ䣬ǣǸʱȥڤʱĹȴѾرˣ
ԣƲ⣬Ҫôȥһδ֪ĵطҪôǱĹڡ
ֻǣǾɡ֯Ա޷Ѳ鵽ߵĹʲô취أ
ԣЩӣ˶ż뵣ǵĵȴš
ڣ½ȣҲһµʱˡ
Ӧƽ£
ѩĮڵǳȥ֮󣬲ǵĿ˵
˵Ͳܻ˵𣿡
仰Ůû˵أ¹ر¿ˣֱһܲͷģ
ȻĻ˲ǵһˣÿһΣѩĮô˵
ҿԱ֤ȷţ
ѩĮĿһۣǽĿŮϣл嵭ǣȴǴŨŨᶨ
ȻжϷƴʱǺûǻǣȴǿȷƻ䣬û췣֮»һ
ôǴѾɹĶɹ˰췣ΪһλӵƵˣ
뵽㣬ѩĮĺҲЩ١
ƻû򿪰ϵʱ򣬱ѾǿᵽһܹԿɡ֯Աĵزڣٴ֮ͬڻмĵ֣Ժɳ˼£䣬жܹѹס
Ȼ⻰Ů΢ķŵģǣȴЩʧ䡣
ƻţΪλأ
ѩ֣Ƿܹ½ǰ
л׶üͷԥǿʵ
԰԰ܹܲزò˵һĻǿɾͲˣ
˵¹ҲЩ׷ʵ
ÿһǻˣ

˶ţѩĮҲûа취ֻӲͷƤǳתǿգֻǣ̣ɫǱЩ԰ƶСĺΣӵĶͷϵȥ棬Щš
ͣ
ſڣѩĮһھѪһɫҰֽζЩģһԵĸסûˤ
ѩ֣û°ɣ
л׶Щǵʵ
û£
Ϣ˰죬ѩĮǻָһЩѪɫҡҡͷ
ѩСӣôˣ
¹Щûûεʵһ١
Уֻвѵǵһλ

ѩĮ̾һɫһĨӵɫĿ˵ֲ֮ڣİΣһܹλɫǣ٣ȴûа취ǣȻ֪½ȵʱ䣬ô룬Ӧûἴʱϻġ
˵ģҲǺȷֻԼѡ
˵˵ȥһѷϻ
Ļ£¹رֱ̱ڵأˣСӲϻǻȥˡ
ѩ֣̫⣬ôˡ
һԵĸѩĮȰ˵
û¡
ѩĮһЦû¶ɫҶŮ˵Ǳ𼱣룬֮ûиϻ϶ʲô飬ߡΪ½ȵ飬ıͻƣϾһЩĵطļҲһЩ
ţлѩ֣
Ůǳֵл
Ҳ֣ԴӴڤ֮ѩĮԼ˵̬Ⱥ˺ܴת䣬ǵҲֵļΪģԭʱѩĮȴѩĺýΪɿѣҲҲʲô
ԥĹͨڷƵѣȴûǡ
ʲôˣһȻô˵ôʹѩĮЩ⣬ֻǣڿѡ
߰ɸλһʱŬ磬ȡ½øóɼƲ˻ʸ
л׶˵䣬ǳſȥ
˶Ⱥ˳ȥֻǣ߳ʥſڵʱȴǷЩ̫Ծ
ʱʥſڣȴվڼϢΪɭˣһӵ߳л׶һˡ


1321 žʧ
Ծĸˡ
˵Ѿ˵ؼԺԺƼԺԺ½һѧԱ
ÿ½ȶҫһء
˵һξĸڳ˸˵Ĵţͬ޵УĸһѧԱˡ
л׶ڴǰ˵ʱԱ߱ǴһЩõ֪Щ˵ͷ
ĸˣ
ʱһ˵ɫЩ
飬ȻҲ˵һЩ½֮ǰ֮½ѧԱụ߶ԴԷʿͬʱҲڽס
ңΧЩ˵ĻƺѾ߷ԺҶѾЩ½ѧԱˣ
ɼҲǼΪΪǿ֪һȺѧԱڣŲټǿĴڣǣǶˡ
һ½ȣĸƱصùڰ
Ա˸пѧԱϣǸܵһɲͬѰĲǿңľ
ֲǵʱ½һУҲûмܹ⣬Щʱ½ȹھҲˣڣĸȻǲЩ̽ɼھĸڣűЩ˸ΪǿĴڣ
ʱֵܹ˻ʸڶûùˣȥ˻ʸﻹſԡ
̾ϢгȻ
Ȼǻ֮ҲھǣΪҪǣ˿Ǿһ壬˻ʸ˻ʸŲߣǣҲͱˣ߰½˼һἰ˻ʸֱЦǵ׵ģϺȵġ
ĳЦȻŭǣȴ
ǧ֮ãһֱף˼˵Ķʵ
ԣܶ˻ʸѧԱߣԼݣЩĳЦҲֻѡ
κΰͲĸ޸
ԣ˵̾ϢܿԱһЩ˵ͬС
ڳߣܶ˵˻ʸˣ˵ʲô˻ʸǣ˵˻ʸռʥѧԴ˷ѡ
˵ģһӣ⻰һڣʱ˶ǵͷȥû˭ڷ
ȻǶһϵеĴԡ
ʱڣ֮񣬾ڤ֮վڲУΪΪo
ǣ϶һУһЩҲǵʱǿߣҲǺһʱѡ
Ȼкܶoĵ˳˵ڣǣͬʱ෢չļΪǿʢ
϶Ķ񸮣ǰʵĲ˻ʸ
ֵһ߷ͷʢ϶Ƿͷ˵½壬ĿУǶǿ˻ʸڣ
ңͷҲͣɵ϶һͬȼ𣬽ģ϶ĵ
ԣ̸棬ǶǼΪǿʢһЩӵܣǶǼΪǿᣬʥѧѧԱѹ˻ʸĴԺѧԱһͷ
ʣ˼ôԼ˵ͷأ
ǿΪ磬ȭͷ˵㣬ûʵ϶ûУ
ԣĵϣһɷͷڴ߶˵Ҫ϶˻ʸ
Щ飬ֻҪǳȥ΢һܹ֪Щʥѧ˼ʮ꣬ˣô֪ܲأ
࣬Ҳֻװ֪ѡ
ʵ˵Ǵ˻ʸ֮ʵУΪڵ˻ʸѾԶԶǵ֮˻ʸˡ
֮񴫵ͨ嶼ܹĹͣߵġ
ǣҲΪˣԣ˻ʸڣȥ֮⣬ϵʵȴҪ
û֮˻ʸ͵ʧȥߵȻƽʵǻ½ˡ
˻ʸٴε׵ĻǾѾһǧˡ
Ȼܶû̾Ϣǣڣɫȴõл׶һ˿ˣʱɫٴѿࡣ
ǿ֪ھĸڣһλڤĴڣ
ңѩĮ㣬һεĵһ޸ģҲ˵սʤڤ壬Ǳ˵һˣ϶һεĵˣ
ȻǲŽ˻ʸãǣɽһȴ֮ĵôܲά˻ʸأ
Ǿ켫Ժ½ѧԱ
Ǵʱ˵УվмǸͷȴǿ˵ˣдŨŨ֮⣬ĿŮϺݺݵɨš
˾ɫټ
ٺ٣˻ʸ˲١áѧԱ
ˣڼŮɫ֮󣬶ǷѰζЦ


1322 ־
ʥѧÿʮһΣĵص㣬˺ɽ磬Ľ磬޽磬֮⣬ڰ½ϵҲ롣
Ͼʥѧѧֻǣɣģˣǻֱӽ֮ڣ½ˣǻѡԺ֮ڡ
ֻڰ½½ѧԱǲѡ˻ʸˣУҲǼˡ
ԣŵ£˻ʸһ˥˥ֱڣǴ󻡶ȵһǧ꣡
Ҳûа취飬ߴߣõѧԱĸ޸ѡˣ˻ʸȻֱӼ˼ҲҪġ
ʣ֮£˻ʸôܺأ

ľɽڣڣ滨ݣǱΣĴ棬Сʣ죬һ׺ﻨ㣬һƬ͵ľ
¡¡¡
ͻأģһװ쳹ͻأģ⴦ɽ쳹ܣԭϷеֱ࣬ȥɪɪصĳӣֹͣУҶ
ֻǣǣȴգƣ
¡
ͻأģһը쳹ɽԵһҲʮ֮ߵɽ壬ͻأľͱѿϵľ飬ɽʯѣ˷ϯΧĴһЩ඼ҵͷѪȴɲҶȴжңѪ
꣡
ɫĵ绡̳˸ţһɻصϢӿĩһõﲻð
ǣһƬ̳УȴһӰ̾
¶һ˵ɫ绡˸ţײ䣬Ƿһ̶ִĲһ֮ƴ󣬷ԲʮﷶΧ֮ڣﳼ
꣡꣡
ͻأģ֮һӰ۾žʱʹ˫ڱŷǧ֮һСɽֱӶ
ɼ⹥봩͸֮ǿ
ʱ˫ɫڣûаУеģǵĮһеĻܹ˾˫ľ֣ǳˡ
ãǻָڡ

ſڣƱ³һڳ֮ڣϡܹһЩϡĵ绡˸һЩǰһЩʯֱӾͱ鵱
ɼЩ绡Ĺ֮ߡ
ˣ
ϵֱԺ쳹
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷǣ΢΢һǳǳĻȡ
붨Ժǽ񶼳ķУһһΣڲǰץסص̣
һִ⵽˼Ļ𣬳˻𣬾ûκεĴڣ𣬴ݻһУ١
ʱеġˡڣöӡ棬Ȼûжһöӡǣԭ·棬ȴǶǳǳһɫƺۡ
ȻȥһƣǣʵѾֲͬĴڣ֤ѾصĻ־
ţһĬҲǷһϢ
̫ˣܹ쵽췣Ĳ֮ͬҲԸš
ǵãǰ棬һҪǵǧ˵ԼǾϵʵңԲܸκһƿѭ֮췣𣿣
ãصԺ𣬳˸֮⡣
ף
Ҳһĵ˵ͷ
Щ飬ȻףΪ׽ŮҲûи֪ôܻ߱أ
ţ˿ʲôͬҲǧܳϣ˵׼ԣҲƿ׼ԣ˵ڰҲعˣ͵ǰϿ䣬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ţ
ٴεͷȫͬϵ˵
ΪʵԼҲôġ
ϴڤĹǰ˾ϣѾ¶ӵа֮ˣ˹Ĳˡ
ֻع˰ݶѣڵ֮壬ѭ֮ƿص췣ڰ֮⻷֮±صĺܺá
Ͼ֮˿뵱۷ʱڵķϷͥĴڣνǿ󣬾ֵһ㣬ҲԲ˻ɡ
ͺá
ƺΪ⣬ڷҪʱ˵һ䣬ˣ˵½ʱ䣬Ѿֻһˣ
ʲôֻһˣ
ԭķֱӴĲ˼顣
ǵã붨ʱ򣬿ɻŴʱ䣬ôôһһգ֮䣬͹ȥ˴أ
ûԥֱӾͳŷڤǷȥ


1323 ֮
ڤڣ
ڤ¼Ѿ𽥵ƽϢˣԣڤҲָڤ֮ⷽһƬǽ֮⣬ʲôҲûзһճ
ʥѧ½Ҫʼˡ
ǰܹʥѧˣǶ˲õţٶԽʥ۷壬һǣЩܹɹ췣ͻǴ˵еĴʥ硭
˻ʥ磬ܹΪһˣ
ֵԣһЩƹ֮ڣ˶ʥѧ֮ڵһЩ飬סıǴһЩ
Щ˵ܹʥѧˣǶǲģѧ߳ˣܹڤȼĴǣΪһҪĴڡ
˵ʥѧ½ȣ˻ʸ᲻ٴεף
ڷ·һΪƹݵʱôһ仰õĽŲͣ΢ۡ
ͣҪ˵Ѿǧˣ˻ʸԲܷˣ
ǰڵˣʸʥѧ˭ѡ˻ʸǲǸԼ𣿡
ϧ֮ǿƥڵ˻ʸȴ˵İ䣬
˶˻ʸЦҲ˸̾ǵĹ۵ȴһģ˻ʸˣ
Щ˵۵Ļ⣬Ƶüͷ
ڷڤֳУѾˣôЩĴǣ壬ο˻ʸأ
ʵҵǾãû֮˻ʸĲʺϼռʥѧԴˣڣ϶񸮣ɱ񸮣ʵǶ˻ʸλ˻ʸ֮£ǲװ
ھ¥һǰεƷžƣе˵ţǣǻȴõ¥˶ܹĵһʱڣȴõԭೳľ¥˵Ŀⶼǿߡ
û߾֮ͣˣһֱ׳ȥ
˶ǵͷʾͬ۵㡣
ǿΪ磬˶ǽʵڵһλûʵǵòصġ
ɣô˵ͲˣΪȻ˻ʸʵǱȲ϶ɱ񸮣񸮣ǣǾĸ޸Ҳ޷˻ʸȣ
һĴվ۾˰֮ͨ嶼ܹʢ㲻ãԱˡ
仰Ҳǻһֵ֮ͬʥѧдͨͲҲнʥѧڣ׳ˣǣȴҪ˼˻ʸʥѧⲻ𣿣
֮Ĺͣȷλһ㣬ã޿飬ǣڵ˻ʸѾǵ˻ʸˣۼ˻ʸһһ˥ȥڸ涼϶ɱʣ˻ʸڣܹ壿
ŻεҲվ°ϵһһ΢Щ˵ҸҶ϶ȥضᱻϿ壡
Բӣ
仰Ƴţһ߽˾¥֮ڣǴһĨǳЦǸ˵ҵλ˵Ķԣˣλɣξ˻ʸϿأ
ķƣҲµĴһ˵˻ʸѾ˽ǧ꣬ڣ˻ʸѧԱ϶ɱһߣǰռõԴⲻ˷ʲôȥôܲ·
⻰Ƶüͷһ
ʵ˵ģҲûʲôϾ˵ʵôĻô˻ʸȷǸˡ
岢ΣķΧ廷ţ˥ȥȻ룬һٽ塣
Ǻǣûǣǲˣ˻ʸӵ֮ҿÿһ֮ǶǿƥĴڣϴ֮½ϴºպܹѹ
ƵһЦǿھֱõǸ޻˵
һ֮֮¥ϱǴһЩһ˫˫ڶǴų羴ɫ
֮ӵ֮֮ˣÿһλǴºպ֪ܲ
ͬʱҲ˻ʸΪǿʢʱ
ңһʥѧ½Ȼûʼ˭ܹ֪Ľأɣ¶ۣ̫ˣ
仰һֱʧԭأһһ㣬ֱ͹
ֻǣȴûô˳ڴ͹ԶԶģǼһȺ׵ľӣ


1324 󱻻
͹Ǿһеĺģܵʱ򣬵һܹѸٳףڶԮҲܹʱĸϵ
ԣÿһеĳҲڴ͹ĲԶֱɳش
վס
ڷƿʱƲĻǰֹ
üͷֲõԤУȻžӣǣȴܹڴ͹ƺǳʲô⡣
ȥ
ʱкüɭǹ⣬ֱӶ׼ƺֻҪһ˿һ춯ǻᷢҵĹ
ֻʹô͹ȥһط
Ƶɨһۣûκλ˵
ȻǰЩΪ磬ʾ˲ӣǣȴѾˡ
ڴ͹ͣʹã
վǰǸΪ۷Ļ˵ƻۣƺʱֵĴ㡣
⻰Ƶüͷʵ﷢ʲô£
ⲻʵģȥ
۷Ļ䣬ϢӳƺҪ˷ơ
Ŷ
Ŀһۡ
ȻԼûӳǣԼΪǾû취ƵģһǿԼˣûа֮⣬ƾ㣬ܹ֤һǳϸľˡ
ִ֪Ҳأ
ģһѹӷ˳ʱڴ͹֮ϵһ߱תŶ΢΢һЦķƣԥ˹
Ǻˣ
ᣬҲһĨɫ
Сӷƣ
ǴһĨǳЦ˹֡
ϣܵһǿҵѹûв´ĻôǰߣпܾǷڤǵĳ
˵ţֱӱǽԼʥѧݸߡ
ŶԭʥѧԱ
һĨȣҲͻȻˡ
ᣬҽʥףʥѧƺҲûпܡ
⻰ʱΧĻڶ¶һĨȡ
ʥѧʵӻҲʥѧĴڣѹ岻Ҷŵ԰
ʵģܹʥѧˣǶǿߡ

߽廹֮󣬱ǴһԵĳȥ
ϷϺ̩˵ʵҲǴ˻ʸ߳ģֻޣҲֻһСˡ
֮Ϻ̩΢Щŵ˵ţڣЩȻ
ʥ뷲ʥǾײĴڣܽʥǾעλߡ
ԭʦ֡
ٴǵЦ⣬ҲŨࡣ
Ͼͬ˻ʸ⣬һ塣
ǺǣСʦкҪ°
˶Ϻ̩ҲǴЦݣʵ
ʦ֣СҲΪڤ¼ģ½һ¾ҪʼˣԣСӱҪʹô͹󷵻ѧ
ưٵ˵š
½ȣ
⻰Ϻ̩ϵЦҲӲȻҡҡͷ˵СʦҪϻȥμ½ȵĻӦˡ
ΪΣ
ֲõԤУǺ֮뵽˴͹󴦵״ѿʵʦ֣ѵǴ͹ʲô״
ţ
Ϻ̩һĨ߿Щҧгݵ˵ǰЩӣΪһĴʥһˣ
ʲô͹󱻻ˣ
֤ʵеĲ²⣬ʱƵɫҲǱһƬࡣ
壡
һĨ
֪֮ˣӦûΪԼնɱܵԵʣ
ڣҪ޸͹󣬻Ҫʥ֮ˣôһأֻҪҪʱ䣬Ҫ޸ֻǼڶû취ˡ
˵Ҳʧְǣʥǿߣַʥֹܹģ
ǵʱҲʥͣפڷڤڣֻڤǶñˡ
ʱ䡭
⻰Ƶüͷ
½ȣһʱҪʼˣ֮ǻƻ˶ˣԼٸϻȥʲôôأ
ʦ֣ȥӵд͹ĳҪã
ϣʵ

ŷżģϺ̩̾һҷڤǣʵطǳƫƧҲΪڤĴڣԲŽҵĽȥҡѾˡ
һֱӾ˷Ƶһϣ
ǻ
Сʦܣ㲻Ǿʦס°ɣʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
Ϻ̩Ȱο
Ҳһӵ׼Եķʥһ׶ѣȻԷƵﵽ̶ֳȣѾΪǣ½֮ϣȴҲӲá


1325 ʦ
УһҪϻȥ
֪Ƹȥվ
Ǵһ½ȣҲûϣμˣҲ˵ǽ֮صһʸûУ˻ʸ˵ĵȥôĺпܵλˣ
ҲϣģϾΪ֮壬ΣҲ񱣳˻ʸţ
뵽ˣǼᶨϺ̩˵ʦ֣ܷȥǻٻĴ͹󣿡
͹һǺް취ǣڽʥѧʱ򣬷ȴǶһΣʱҲڡˡڴķָҲ֪ΪΣֻҪһǸͼǻԺֳ
ԣҪһԡ
ŶѵʦҲ󷨣
Ϻ̩һĨ죬Ҳǻվ
ܹͼˣǶǼΪ֮ϵ츳Ҳǳܼ
֪һ
ҲֻӲͷƤˣǲ޸͹ôп޷ϻʥѧμ½ˡ

Ϻ̩ҲǴŷƳŴ͹ȥ
ӱȻÿһõǶ˽С
ǰĴ͹󣬹ȻǸ˹ٻģã̫أֻǱһСǣٻ˼·ѡ
ʱǱƻһ׷ԲԵߣһŮϸƴ޲š

ĻƱǺ˿
Ҳ֪ΪΣǾԼܹ޸
ʦܣΣ
Ϻ̩Ҳ΢Щŵʵ
Ͼ͹󱻻٣ʧģǷڤǡ
ҿԣ
Ƴ˵ͷǹһĨŵĻȡ
Ǻã
Ϻ̩һĨϲ⣬Ǵŷ׷ԲԵ󣬴Щʦ
ʲô£
˼Σʦ߲תͷúǲͷ˵˿ûΪϺ̩ǳо⡣
ʦǷڤά͹֮ˣȻ˵ܹô͹󣬵ǣһЩС©ܹģǣĻٻҲΪˡ

Ϻ̩΢΢˳飬ܿͷӦ˹Ц˵ʦҸ˸˹Ҳܹæ

ʦ΢̧ͷȻɨһ۷ƣǲмģֱӱǵͷȥרĵĵеĴƬ
ϳ֪үүϲģ
׺̩˵ʲôʱǸŮñ˵
õɫ÷ԽϵؿȸɫҶȹ˿Ƥɴ˳˿ͷ纷²٣£ųʯˣ֬ϴһǶϵ۵˿᳤ܻһɫٵϴ׵ɫ̶˯Ь֬׶üҲǸѵõˣֻǣȴǹź͸һɾǧ֮ĵĮ
⡭
Ϻ̩ƺҲ֪ʦƢվΪѡ
ʦѵ޸⴫͹󲻳ɣ
ɫһֱǰȥ͸¶һĨ֮߰⣬ǲ˵뷽ŵǫͣˡ
ô˵ģ
ʦû˵ǸŮǡһվŷƺǳϾǲơ
ƱֱǺĴڣĿȴǷ̧ͷʦϡ
ǲ޸⴫͹ѵСëܹ޸
ʦںһĨŭɨһһԴڨЦϺ̩֮󣬲Ƕŷ˵
һޣǴ̥ͿʼרһҲԲܾ߱޸ٻĴ͹
ԣ˵Ҳ˿
ҵȻܣ
ע£ţʢˣʱסһү
ΪԼ߰˲еˣôΨбֳǿȻûа취Э
׼޸Ĳϣ
˵仰֮󣬷ƱǶȥۿⱻٻĲ֣ϣɫ
ʯ࡭
һĲƴӷƿ³ֱõʦԲ۾
ǰ˾㲻޸͹Ҳӵм츳ˣңڷϣһš
ƺܹ޸Щƻƣ
ţǴӽָó˵Ĳϣҵݵһԡ
㡭
һԵŮȴǼΪߣ޺޵ֱš
үүô˳
ЩɸֵĶʦš
ͲˣΪԭǵүүΪδʱ˵Ķһأ
Ѿͷϸţ
ʦͷҲûأĿһֱڷƵĶϣ˫ԭǵڣ¶貵ľ⡣


1326 ޸
һĻֹõǸŮɵˣϺ̩Ҳվ۾¶˼ɫ
ڷڤڣ߰Ϻ̩ҲʦʱΪһǶʮ˱ǰߺæţң̬ȾȻ𱰣һӵһȫû֮ǰǴʦļӡ
˶Ͷ˽ȥ˿ûǴ㵵Ŀ⡣
ѵܹ޸͹󣿡
һᣬϺ̩ǻعǲϵĽϻһ𣬲˿ʦ´һһķƣãԼǲǿˡ
ţƵ̬ȣǿǺΪǫ͵ģôͻȻ䣬ǻһһ
Ѿͷ㻹ŸϽæ
Ů֮ʣʦȴͻأת۾ǳһ䣬ΪһԸæͷæȥˡ
Ŷ
ŮȻǲԸǣŽŲ˹ȥ
㣬Ͼĥ飬Ȼһıһ𣡡
һƲͷ˿ҽֲ׸ûȥеĲȥˡ
㡭
ŮĽЩֱȴʦһɣǺ޺޵ȥȥˣµ޸⴫͹ǹһҪÿ
Ȼ߷ˣǣҲҷģܿǳ˽ȥ
ŮǾãǰӲװģңרҵүүܶĲֱָ֮֮Ĵ䣬ҲҪļΪ̵ĵز׷˿ĲأҪ׼
Ǹصʦء
Ϻ̩һԿţȻãԼ͸ǰʦܣʦһ
½ȣôżϻȥѵģ
ʱ֮ǰڤڴǸš
ʦ죬˰˸ѧԱ뵽ϴ֮ĹڣһˣᣬΪ۷壬Ƕܹѹɡ֯Աˡɡ֯һλԺһһѣһλصİŮӱӻȥ
Ȼû֪λûгɹɹ췣Ǿ㲻Ҳòȥ
췣ǿΪµ飬˭Ҳܺԣ
֮ˡ
뵽ȥϺ̩ɫЩ
ȻûдǸӵ֣ǣΨһȷǣǱضɣ
֮˰ܹɹĶɹ췣ôʹ岻õδӵһλǿߣ
֮ԭͲ򵥣ܹɹ췣İ֮ˣȻǸӵĲ򵥣
֪Ǹˡǲ˻ʸأ
Ŀ⣬ڷϣģЩɡ
Ϊеˣӵ׼Եʡ
ֻڷӵзʥΪˣ۷塭֮䣬֮
Ϊ˶ɹ˰췣ôʥûκεѹ
ôһ룬Ϻ̩ʱǾԼٶȿ࣬ͫҲ΢΢ſ
ȴûȥѯʷƣվһԣֻĽеļѹȥ
ǳ֮˶˻ʸҪԣǶҪԣ򲻿ɳ©©ôпܾͻᱻɱҡڣ
죬ڷƣʦү˵£ǱٻǣѾˣΨһʣµģǽƸȫ
Ҳһˣ
λʦҪȫ𣿡
ʦ˿ûȥ˼ԼͷϵĺˮǶŷùѯʵ
̵УǷˣףΪλᶮô࣬ңҪıҪ̣
ƽʱǹ΢ȱһС飬ֻҪ·ûƻܹ޸ԣԹɴ͹ĲҲΪϤ
ǣǰ˵ҪȽϣȴǾãԼǰһУֲ̫ˣ
ţ
һ࣬˵ͷĿһۣǶ˿
ʵҲڻƲôʱЩ¼ѣֻû뵽ܹó
ˣ
ʱ֮һ쳹͹·һһɹӴ˳ǿ飬ġ
޸ˡ
ŮĿɿڴӨСźϼ䣬ЩĿ֮⣬ǰĸ߰Įǲټ
ʦ
ʦǲվЩ޲ߣൡˣ
һˣȻӵ޸͹ãһȫµĴҲа취
޷
Ƴ΢΢һЦվڴ͹УϺ̩˵ʦ֣ˣǿԵĻ鷳չһһΪȫµˣ
ʦ֣ʥѧˣ
ʦү𺳵Ŀ⵱УƵӱ͹貹âûڡ


1327 ǻ
˵ĸ켫ԺˣʥſڶǰѧԱء
ǰ˵ԺѧԱѾˡ
һ˻ʸҪˡ
ƲǴӴ͹߳ΧһЩĶڣʱɫŲбǼӿ࣬ңֱʥ÷ȥ
ʥſڣѾΧˣһۣƱǿվſڴŮ£Ƶǣ¶һĨǳǳĻȣҲ˿
ٺ٣˻ʸ˲١áѧԱ
˻ʸֶιȻͬ찡ˡáѧԱҪˡ
ҲܵĸԸ
һЩȺд˳ǶǽǸáҧرأңĸѧԱĿ⣬Ҳ޼ɵŮεϣϵɨţ˳ȡ
ˣĸֻͬҪˣǶܲĶ
ʱվȺ֮ķƣǵǸȣɫˣһĨɫ磬һɱ֮Ӷ
ҶԼߣ˿˭ҲУۣ֮
ǵȻҪܣңܵĺܲң
ĸѧԱЦ֮ʣһٵȺ֮˹ʱõǵЦȻֹɫѸٵ
ԭĸǳΪ̽ˣбǺΪˣֻǣ뵽һλĴڣҲòԣԺʱֲνأ˴ΣλɫŮ㲻ɵĿڻ˭֪Ȼ˸ҹԼ¡
ͬ׵ıƴǻ治˭һѧԱ֣ĸҲûӦ
Ƹ磡
תʱϲĺȴǴ󴫳ţһ˱ǼλɰŮӣվȺ֮һӱȥңǴ㵵Ŀ£ֱӾͶӵĻС
ʱΧڣǶǳżʵɫЩ죬ԾĸѧԱڣȫ
һ׼֮ķʥһ׶ѣ
ɨһ֮ڶһĨмɫǶһĨĻȡ
ڻˣ
ԶǵӰл׶飬ѩĮɵ˿
Сӣڸϻˣ
ڷŮ˽ĥһʱһװ쳹ֵͬʱҲõŮ΢΢һ˶ĵطʱ˳˷ƵĻУֵĽƿ糺վͷҲ̧
ȻǺ޲ʱʱ̴̿ڷߣһ𣬵ǣⳡ棬ԾͲʺϡ
ģ
ŮŨڱôһɤӸƻգʱΪջ𣬺ݺݵĳĳ˵һۣɭ⣬ֱõĳ˱ˡ
ٺ٣
л׶зЦһߵĳˣֻ˵ѽĳ˵Ľǿ϶˰Ҫһ࣬һа
һôĲء
߰ɣ
һƵɫǣСֱ֣ʥſǰվŵľĸѧԱȥ
ܳʱûпأѵȥչˣ
Щˣϳ˷ʱ¶ɫ
ϾһηƻʢģǸܶΪ̵ӡ
ңһ˿ЫѧԱõܹأ
ŷʥһ׶ѣ
Ҳ˰Ե̾
ԭΪôһܹʢĵĴڣлеͷǣһӵ׼ԵķʥһףֱӽеĨϣ֮ˡ
ղţ˵ʲô
վмǸͷ¶׺ݵĹâƣӳƣΪɭ˾紦ڵһ
˵ǻܣңܵĺܲң
ǰƲͣ˽ŲĿ˿ûб׺ݵɫɵٴ˵
Ȼǰͷӵľ磬ƲˣǣоԵģܹ֮ܣ
Բѣ
ʱͷߵһݵĸ߸Ӿͳ˹һƣƣҪڴ˳
Ŷ
ڷƵϣһεķâɱϯƣƶĿ⣬Ŀݵĸ߸ӣͻأģһĨɫ磬һɻصĴͻȻľͷѹ˻ȥ
ŵŵš
ǹ궼Ϣٿ˫˻ӣɫɷףֱӾ͵֮ԶվԭƵɫЩϣһ˫Ҳͨ죬ԵĹâҪɱ㣡


1328 
ƾ㣬ʸ񣡡
Ǳͷмסĸӣ΢΢°ͣڣг˲мһˡ
˻ʸŴʧҪʱȻңƾ˷ŵľٶѾ÷Ҫһٵ뷨
ʹǿʼɣ
ڲźۼһĨâ
ţúϵݾͻҪҿôҲûбҪٵ͵ȥˡ
֪ԼһӦͱ˻ˣϾò棬ǶǸ޷
ôͳ½ȾʹʹĹ
ԼǾɣ֮ˣǷʱڣǶǾԵǿߣϡе֣
磬ţҽձضҪʬΣ
һ仰ɸڸӵŭϽһ׻ͣһ˪ƣڵšءķǵеĹǺǺˡ
ԣӣǴľĽˣӵв׵ľ֮ԣ˵޼ɵ
ᣬΪԼʵ
ǣ
˱ŭƸЦмɨһۡ
ʥѧڣָǿǲܴ򶷵ģȻֱ߽ӱѧ
ûЩǿӲĹ涨ֻ£ʥѧڶѧԱлһˡ
ˣͣ£
ӾȻҪ֣ǹͷвŭһһǿѹӶѹӡ
磬ΪΣ
ЩηĿһۣЩ߷ߵʵڣǲĵɫ
ǹͷеѾ˵СӸˣ
ֵܶĵط
ͷеһۣЩ뽫һ
ʥѧй涨˸ڹ֣ôѧԱǽֱ֮ӴɱҲԹˣ
һˣǲ
⡭
ŭ𻺻ĽӲǷΧЩ˿Ŀ⣬ԾͲ⣬ƻ
ʱӾ䲻Ĵһ
ղĶֻ֣ᱻЩ˺Ƭˡ
켫ԺƣѾѧԱǲˬˣҵֵĽڣȻ飡
ұϣͣ
ͷŷ˵ţڣһƬǾһ
𣿡
ƲûжŭǷһĨЦ⣬лƵζʮ㡣
ߣ
ͷк޺޵ĺһ˵Ǿĸ½ѧԱԺֽ̣֪ǸҲӦս
˵䣬ڶǴŨŨı֮⣬ƺѾµ˷Ƶ˲Ӧսһ
㲻üҡ
ƵһЦƵ
һԣŮֱ㶵ĿĲ棬ǳԵɫ
Լķˣңͻ˷ʥʹѾɹĴ˰ˣ
Ȼģ
ŮУһȴõ˸⡣
ǿͨһˣôͬʱܹӵ˾أ
˵Ǿĸˣ켫ԺˣжǺΪˬ
ðײ˶ˣ
˵˵ȥ㲻ǻӦս𣿡
ͷвмƲƲ죬ڱĵɫŨˣңŮһۣƺҪԼǿ
ǡ
ҡҡͷȴûа˿ŭĿ£˵ûкô飬ΪҪ
ô
ͷе۾΢΢
֣ԼЩ͸ǰЩʲô
ˣϲæҪսңܼ򵥣һѧһ֣ǡ𣿣
һָͷ΢΢ǰҡţгϷ٩
ٺ٣
仰վſڵл׶¹أжɵĹЦһԵصĸ飬ҲǴſϷɫվ
ƵʵĹڣǾѾʶˣǰȻǣܹˡɡ֯Ա
ߣһȽģ
ҲֻǸڤ壬ܹ˰ɣ
һѧһ֣õΧѧԱǶ¶Ŀ⣬ΪĿףΪλ˵š
ˣǿѧְɲСĿˣܹ֮ڴϺܳһʱˣ

ͻȻһǰڿʢһѧ֣
ңƺһ˻ʸ½ѧԱһ
仰ĸѧԱ侲
ǲɵһ½ѧԱܹ˶ݵʱڣŪ˶ѧ֣Ǿ֤ǱϿȥô򵥡
ǣƾεɨӣǷֲ˿ĶߣõɻŨˡ


1329 䳡
ǰձ濴ȥƣʵ̫ͨˣָûʸʥѧˣ
ǣȴǽˣңԼˣ
õԾĸѧԱֱġ
ڵǣȴѾû·ˣ
սԼģԱ˵ܹܾ
ǾܾˣʵģǾԾͻΪЦ
޷̵飡
ԣʱǲܣҲýܡ
ֻǣһһѧ֣ôõĳģ
ǲһѧֶûаɣ
ǾʱһϷʵǵĶڣʱ˵ɫֱѿ
׻˵˲һôרų
һѧֶһ½ûһѧԱ˵ǿĿôõĳǵʵȥҲ׬ȡ˶ѧ֡

վʥſڵл׶¹ûûεĲЦЦг˳֮⣬õ˺޲õ־ͽһ˺ˣ
ͣԭעò˰
ǣһǸԭٺ١
ԭǾĸ½ӢҿҲô
ָĳ˷ǵصĴõľĸѧԱɫһһ׵ģҪѪ
Сӣѵóһѧֲɣ
ǸܲסҧгݵĶŷƺǳͫڣһѪ˿
̫ƵҪɱˣ˵䣬Ӷһֱڶţ
ǣ
ƺǲмһƲƲ죬˵ǲУҲУ
˵䣬һ֣УڣǷǰǹ˷˸ţһƬ
༶ѧԱٶѧ֣
Աߣ˾гڣǲ˼ɫ
Ͼϴʥڵ飬Ҳֻٲ֪飬ЩȻ̵֪һѧԱʢģǣȴûж֪ǰӸɵġ
ԣʱһ½ѧԱȻӵٶѧ֣Ҳ˵һ
Ǵλʢĵˣ
һΪ˽ˣʱǾľ
ԭ˾˻ʸ½ѧԱһˣ
һܲ򵥰
ڲ޵ɫ
Ͼʢģȷǵвһǿߣһܹ֮ͬڽܣ֤½ѧԱĲˡ
ȻԾĸѧԱʢľǺˣǣƾܹóѧǱ֪Ӳˣ
ȴҲû֮ģֻǣиΪ޶ѡ
½ѧԱһλ˴ڣһ϶˵һģ
ԣΧŷ˻ʸһݵʱУǳ˲мһˡ
ֻ˵˻ʸԽԽįˣˣԳΪһ
Σ𣿡
ƹ⽫еǰ˻ΣǣһĨ߸ߵĻȡ
˳ԱʵҲһ飡
㣡
ǸݵѪɫǵЩϣǿ׶ˣҲǼΪƵĵŷƣҪʬεĳ嶯
ǵĻȸң
ǸͷӺܿѹеŭ𣬵ͳĶ˺
Σǵȫˣ
һƴ֮ڣͷӵӵһĸѧ֡
һѧ֣ѵһ˹ʸս𣿡
ֻǣ˿ʱ򣬷ȴǲмƲƲ죬ֱõ˶ǻðɡ
ˣҲòˣǾͽȥɡ
ƾûпܵŭһİ˰֣һ޹ǵС֣ʥȥǣǹһĨĻȡ
ٺ٣Сӣ
¹ֱӭ˹ȴǱƺݺݵһɣֻվͷڨڨЦš
ûǣһղŻԼĺ£
Ļʱ򰡡
л׶ǰ˷һ£ԭȵĵǣټ
ˡΪΣ޸أ
վѩĮڵǳȥ૳
һ½Ľǣȴ֣ûκα仯Ҳ˵޸ڣһλܹѹڤ֮˵Ĵڣ
ȵȣ
ڷһ˼ʥõʱǸͷȴǽס
ô㲻ˣ
΢΢һǴһĨЦĻתϷʵĿ
ͬսţϹＶģȻӦĹ
ߣ
ͷӲ޵ĺһ˵ҪȵʵȻȥʥá䳡
˵գ˶Ǻݺݵĵ˷һۣתԶȥ


1330 ûʸ
䳡ʥòͬ䳡ڣʵǲƵģÿһ̨ԳһĿռ䣬Ϊսٻ
䳡ʥѧѧԱƴĵط
ңʥѧҲһ䳡Ǵ˻ʸĸ޸֮һɽڡ
л׶˽֮󣬷ƱҲǲ֪䳡ãʱǸǹһĨǳǳĻȡ
ףΪղŵЩԼʵõǸͷˣ
⵽ȫΪѧֵĹϵҪǣһҲ涪ˣ
ԣͷӲŻʱı⣬Ҫȥ䳡ȶܹӵкܴơ
Ҳȫ˵ˣֻǣԭ½ȣҲҪȸ˵ʵ
Ƹ磬ǹͷļһѾʥˡ
һԵ磬Щ΢ŵĸš
ģ
ưο֣˳㿫ͣһǻļõһĨϼޱߣٻʧɫΧ˶˿ɵۡ
Խʱ¶СŮ˵ĽߣҲõķһļ¡
߰ɣȻҪ˵ǲȥˡ
ѹסеǹɻȣŮǳ䳡ȥл׶ˣϡ
ߣȥȥ
֮Χ۵ЩѧԱҲվסˣ׷׶ͬһжȥ
ǶĸѧԱѾʤԺ½ѧԱһɰ˵Ļô˻ʸҪˡ
ȻǼľˣǣÿһУôһ˿ϣܹһΣ
ϣǳΪˡ
ǣ漣

Ƭ̣һɽȱǳڷǰ
⴦ɽȲȻγɵģһɨۣƱ֪Ǳиˡ
ɽΪһ͵ôܶڣǳ룬Ǳһ
ɽȵλԿһͨͬķ򣬶һˣǴϱߵͨнġ
ɽȵмλãһϵĹڲ֪Ĳʽɣɢź⣬һͷľơ
ſڴǹһң飬䳡
֣ǴһּǿƱȣһǿߴһġ
ȻԳĳ֮֡
ʱԾĸ½ѧԱվ䳡ſڣŷһ˵ĵ
ͣһΪأĥôá
ڷһǰʱǸӱЦ
УΪһ˻к䳡ĽܣԲŵʮӡ
ǣ
Լ΢΢һͣǿҲһۣû˿е˵Ҳûսʸ˵
㣡
ʱӱǱĻðɣӶǶţͨĿ⣬ֱ޲ҪƳһ
ٺ٣
л׶¹ضһۣ¶ֻĹЦڣ¶ϧɫ
ˣעҪճˣ
ţ⼸һ֪Լսˣǲǰڤ¼ǣֻô
ţǿеĹЦŨˣëȻһЩѧԱ˾롣
ߣߣ
ͷüͷ΢΢һת߽䳡ڡ
˺һƵ˲ŸЩɷǲǲˣǣڼķûа쳣ɫʱУɵһġ
ȻƲŽӴãǣȴףǰӣԲ޴ˣԲûаյ飡
ȻƸôʹӵһģ
ˣûлͷ·ˣҲֻӲͷƤˣңԼʵǺĵģ
߰ɣ
һǵĻȣһ䣬䳡ڡ

ǽ뵽ڣźҵǵصľϯķƶĤһƬ̣ǻָ˹
⴦ڣǳĿǰ㷶Χ磬汾һĿռһ
⴦Ŀռ䣬ʮ̨ķֲڸڣһЩڴţһһҲһԶǰĳ棬Ϊƴ̨ϣ˵⴦ɽȣһ֮µನбݻ٣
ѧ
ɨһռ䣬Ʋɵ˿
⴦ռڣǧ˴ڣЩˣʵģǶʥףңԲͣƻÿһ̨վһߣӣ¶ϢϢأ㲻Ǵʥ磬ҲضǷʥ۷ɣ


1331 件
̣
һըĴһ̨ϣͬʱɳȥܶա
ע⵽⴦̨ϵȡʤǸɫεӣϢ棬ܵˣǣϣɫεӣһֱǳϷ磬Ƿǳ׵ģͽ˻ܣ
ɼ֮Ĳ࣬ɲһǰ㡣
һʱڣƱЩףΪ˻Բභأ
˻ʸģǷ
ɫεӣɭһ°΢̧֮Ҳûеӣ˵ĳŨŨĲм֮⡣
⻰ʱƵڣһĨɭȻ
ʱڣڶʥѧڵҲŵһЩ˽⡭
ʥѧ޸ǧȡ½ȵһһߵǣ˸ȥôԽŭ
ԣ޸Ǿһͷ̾۷ޣȻţǣȴû˻С
ĸ¼ˣߵȻʵͣ޸治£һͷǣһͷҰԵǣ
˻ʸǧڣһֱף˵ʥѧһҪݵĻô˻ʸһֻ
ȻȥӴ󣬿£ǣȴһֱ½ƣһ죬Ს
㣡
˻ʸѧԱشѪ۾ڷѪ˿ŭȴ˵Ļ
ˣִͬ׶ˣ
вһȻ
ʥѧʵѾǴͬһˣ˻ʸֱǱһΣ
Ȼŭĸ˳Ц˻ʸǣǵʵȴϺأ෴ģǻĳЦ衣
һȺ˷Դļһ
ɫӲмƲƲ죬Įһ̨ۣ
ΪޣɲȡȻᱻȡѧ֣ߣбʥѧĿܡ
˫֮û𣬶˵һ٣ҲѾ㹻ˡ
ܣһЩ˷ЦҲһСЩͷɥվ˫ӪֽԣЩһһ߽켫ԺѧԱ϶¶߿ɫ
件ʦ֣
̨ͷֱӾӭȥ
ôˣ
ɫε件һĨĿʵ
Ǽǵã⼸һʦǣȥ˻ʸĴԺȥˣѵѾˣ
λʦ֣ǻðɣ
ʱһӰ߹Ǳ˻ʸѧԱش͵ʵ
ͬʱҩԴָⵯ뵽ڣʱ˱Ǿã̹࣬ңܹܵõһҩԣ޸ԼĴˡ
⡭
ڶʱ¶һĨ㵵ɫʱ䣬ǱƿһԷǵѧԱ΢ĻһֽţȻ֣ϵĴˣѾûжˡ
һۣ˶ǷֶԷڲ˼ɫ
켶ҩʦ
ǰİӣ˶¶𾪵ɫ
ףΪ켶ҩʦ޳Լأ
ʥѧ֮ڣشôֻѡ񣬵һѧֻȡΣڶԼ
лʦ
˹ά񣬶ʱһ˵ע⣬ЩһͬѧԱҲΪȻĿһĻ
켶ҩʦѾ۷̶ˣ
ԣȻ֪ƵΪǵͣǣƾһλ켶ҩʦǾͱƶԷΪʦ
Ǻǣλʦֲؿ
ƵһЦûаǺơ
ӸղŶݵһ棬Ƕ˲һЩøС
ȻǵΪЩçײǣɷϵģΪ˻ʸ϶ս٣֤˻ѪԵˣ
ˣĵؾԲ
ѵʦҲ˻ʸѧԱ
һΪʵ
ǣ·ƣλʦ֣
ƴһĨ΢Ц˵ͷǹ˹֣󷽵ĳˡ
件ʦ֣
ǸݵЩҧгݵָŷƣ件˵
ôˣ
ղŵһĻ件УҲףһλ켶ҩʦ
ֻǣܲף켶ҩʦΪλѡ˻ʸأ
件ʦ֣˻ʸ켫Ժ½ѧԱ
ӶʱͽղŵͼӴ׵˵һ顣
ŶҾĸˣ
件һĨâƵĿ⣬Ҳǳ˲ơ
켫ҩʦλǸߣҲĴ󣬵ǣǴڲͬӪҲûʲôÿģ
ԣҪȶעһѧ֣
ڰһĨ񶾣޺޵˵


1332 ȫע
⻰һʱֹ件һЩ˻ʸѧԱǲĿŷơ
һѧ֣ҲͰңǸˣ
Ҫȣ
件һȻǺȷٴʵ
Ȼ켶ҩʦǣڱϵʵȫǹͷĶ֣
ţ
ע£˵ͷɫЩ
ƱֵһֱǳĵȻԽԽȷΪ
Ϊʼգƾû¶ŭʧȥǲֳ嶯ˣɵӣǾһİգ
Լˡ
ţǲ˳顣
˵֮£ˣľûаˣңĸ˶
Ŷ
件Ϊ⣬΢΢Ȼѹ˵ʦ֣ܲ
ף
ᵭĵ˵ͷһĨâɨ˷һۣǳһԵĵǼǴȥ
ʦǡ
ΪεѧԱʱЩżĿ
Ϊƾ켶ҩʦݣԷ˼ɣԲŽսġ
λʦַİɣ
ƵһЦǹһĨǳǳĻȣҲǳŵǼǴȥ
ѧ֣̫׬ˡ
л׶¹ضڰͣһδģ
ǶѾǳ༶ѧԱÿ춼ܹԶһѧ֣ǣЩҲǸĵĲˣȻл׶Ҳڶ̶̵ʱڽʥף
һѧ֣µۻ
ףĵأѵû˿𣿡
ڷڵǼǵʱл׶Ľе
˿ˣĸʤʮһ˻ʸʤһ
ʱϱǽ¿ˣţ˷׷ע
ԾĸһЩѧԱʵģó˴󲿷ѧѺעϣֻһС˻ʸѧԱٵעһЩʤΪѡ
˿Ƶʤ㣬ǼΪ㣬ȻҲ֮ܲ
עȥඣ
״л׶˶ɵĹЦһŮҲǳעĵطȥ
͵ѧ֣ɲܲҪȻһҲôԼѧַһ
ٺ٣ʮһѧ֣ȫѺע˻ʸǸϣ
¹ͳԼȫѧѺעڷϣţһ˼ˣ˲ٲĿ⣬ܿͻǵصĳЦ
Ϊһ˶ˣ˶Ϊ£Ҳûйȥ
Ҳȫע˻ʸ
ΪεѧԱһۣҲ˹ȥԼȫѺעڷϣȻ࣬ҲʮѧֶѣҲǶԷ֧֡
ٺ١
ˣл׶˶ǺһЦ
ߣװŪ
Ӽˣǲ޵غһǿûѧٶˣԣֻǷ߷ߵվݺݵĵл׶ˣж½ôʰЩɶļһ
ѧ֣ѹĸʤ
件ɨһǼˣóһӫ˸˸壬Ѻע˵
˺٣õ˶ɵ˿
ѧ֣ܹڡ֮ءϴʱˣѰ˸޷ۻ˶ѧ֣ǻ죬ͻỨڡ֮ء
˾ٷǵûл׶˸е𾪣෴ģЦĸˣڣ¶ϧɫ
ĺӣ֪ۻ˶õѧ֣Ҫһɢˣ֪᲻Ѫأ
̨֮󣬷ƲûżȥҲѺעȥ
ѧѺע
Ѻע˾ȵĿ£Ƶ˵
˻Ҳİٶ༸ְɣ
ŷͬӨ˸˸壬˾
ǻû뵽½ѧԱȻܹۻ˶ѧ
½ѧԱǽ༶ѧԱһܹۻһѧֵĽǣ½ѧԱΪ½ỵ̄˭Ὣѧۻ
ԣ件Ҳɵ¶ɫ
һ뵽֮ǰƵ켶ҩʦݣ˱㶼¶һĨȻɫ
켶ҩʦĻҪѧ֣ǾҪˣÿ򶷣˭ˣԣѧֵԴȻҪͨѧԱ㷺Ķࡣ
һЩȴ¶ɻɫԣڷע֮˻ʸ˱ٴνעм˸ǽȫҵѺעڷϣ
ڷҲ뵽̨ڵʱעֹͣˡ
ʱһƬĿ⣬Ǳ˹ѯ֮Щ˲֪Ǿĸ½ѧԱ˻ʸ½ѧԱףʱɵ¶ϷĿ⡣
˵һȶܹ˻ʸһ½Ⱦ᲻ˣ


1333 
¼ɢܿģ̨ˣ֪Եɣһʱڣһ̨ˣҲתƵ
Ǿ˻ʸ½ѧԱ
ɨһ֮ЩԸԺˣ¶Ȼɫ
ʣֱʥѧʸҲûУ
켶ҩʦ˵˻ʸ½ѧԱһˣ
ܿģ˸ߺƵֱعˣʱ˲ĺ
һͨ׼֮ˣȻ½ѧԱһ
ǸеͬʱɵĶǷζЦ
˻ʸһ첻һˣ
һֿܾǣ˶֪켶ҩʦݣԣǫøȡһ
ֿԣҲеġ
˻ʸټףָĻᱻ϶滻ˣҪ֪϶ĺԽԽˡ
ͣ˻ʸͲüʥѧˣֻʥѧѣ
ȷ˻ʸĴڣǸʥѧ͵Σ
һЩĳЦĴõɫȥ¹ظҪȥۣȴл׶סˡ
ߣЩļһԺǺÿģ
¹ز޵ĺߺ߳ʮ㡣
ҧһڣѵ㻹ȥҧɣ
л׶ƲƲ죬˵
ţڶŭУ˷ĴЦ˿˼ɣͬʱҲõЩ˻ʸˣ󳩡
¹Ǵµģл׶޿֣
ǻ壬ɲ˭˴ΣûиϻԸ⼸ˣĵģֻǣڤ壬ǿɲڵܹеģ
־磬̨ϷĴ򿪣ǳ
ҲǿĽɫξĽ½ѧԱУǲǸڤ壬õһûʲôۡ
ԣǸݵӵ˲Ƿ
ʱǹʮһ¶ѣǽ˷ʥףҲ֤Ĳ˻ʸһ棬Ҳ磬л׶壬ܹѡ
壡
³ɭ˵䣬һϺǴ˳ǹһȫһһĵ£˷ɢ˲ʱǫ̃ϵ¶ȱǼٵ½ȥǴɭһ
ȻǴľ壡
̨£˾ڶ¶𺳵ɫ
壬;߱ľܵˣ˵ھĽ۷һּ壬棬ڤ塣
𣿡
л׶˶һЦɣ⵽õһԵһЩ˻ʸѧԱЩĪ
ѵ̨׼֮ˣܹԸĽ۷岻ɣ
Ȼǲܵ飬ӵͬȼ壡
ٺ٣ɣ
Ӽ˶¶ɫǴЦ
ã
л׶ƲƲ죬ȥǣֱӣĿɷ̨ϡ
е˼
ǵذϮɭڷǵûа⣬෴ģսŨŨţһһװը쳹ʱһ㵭ĹΣǴɢеһԶսһͶ㣬ضǲɭǾޣ˿Ӱ쵽
ǣ
ʱһһ壬ӱڳȭͷϣɭĹâ˸Ŀռ䶼һѷ죬ֺƴƣֱӳŷ˹Ҫƾ辳֮ѹơ
ȭ
˿Ʋʱ΢΢룬ٵصƣһ㣬ҳһȭɭȭͷҵײһ
̣
̣
ȭͷҵײһ𣬱ŷһۿɼƣϯƱˣȴ˿Ʋ
ذɰ
Ļ̨£ǸӱǼУ˸˷ܵɫне磬ݺݵĽѵ֪Ǿĸ

ʱ件Ҳɵĺ˿ϴɵЦݡ
෴ģ˻ʸڶѧԱɵ̾һϣ¶Ȼɫл׶ˣҲ΢Ľ
ݵĽУһֱ·磬Ǹо
ֻǣ̨ϵᣬȴɣ෴ģɫ
ʲôЦһȭû֣Լİ˳һԼһˣȻ⻹Ǹͨ
ңȻû£ǣȭͷȴǼľˣײʱоͺǴɽ嫺㵹˹һǰİ磬ϣʤԼһ
ҾͲˣ
һĨâٴγŷƳɱ˹ȥ


1334 
̨ϣ˻̽ԵĽ棬ûоȫڿȥᴦϷ磬һֱƣֻܱķأȥˣ
ƣȷҪ᲻٣
ֻǣʱȴûڴЦĸˣɫ
ͨ׼֮塭
ŷȭཻʱŷĺɫą̂£件۾˸ĹâƺҪıʡ
ѾԲ׼ܹ֮ӵеˣֻͨ׼֮壬˵һ磬ͬ׵ĵزϣҲѾ˲Ŷԣ
ʱȻȵˣǣϣȴû˿ļ෴ģżܹзȥûлңݡ
ģ件зһɲõԤУԤУƲ˱ʵ棡
һԣӼҲֹͣĽкϴžȣ¶Ȼ
ʵΣֵ֮ǣˣ˹֮£ʣԼһ
ģûм׾ˣԣһЩעϵˣɫЩȻˡ
ںҲѾˣֻܹʤȻѧ֣ҪˮƯˣ

һˣűϢâأǴӾ߳ħϢܹ˵ꡣ
һˣս죬нɫλƣͶ㣬Ǵſٵ֮ƣһ졣
񻰴˵Уôһλ񣬵ʱδؼĵһλo˻磬İ½ŵУٵ֮󣬱ȥ֮磬ҲҲûдϢ
˵УѳɣΪ˲Ĵڡ
ʥףȻͬ죬Դ棬ʮ࣡
ÿһȭҲ˸ţʱڱһĨ磬ţԭǺâ˸˸ȭͷϣһ˿˿ɫ˸š
ʮĳܷΧ
Ȼ˵ڵֻܹ֮һܣǣ췣ڣһľ壬ȴǹˣ
¡
ȭͷٴκһ𣬶ʱ߶ײм䣬ǿռǲһ飬ڣĲ籩Űۿɼϯ
ŵŵš
ȻĿ£һΣᾹȻҲ󲽣һɫϣľɫֱۣأڶš
ô£
̨£Ļ󲿷˶¶ɻĿ⡣
ǿһȭûʲôͬĵطû
ЩǶܹȷ
Ͼǵľ磬ΪȫԾȷļ
ǣû˿£Ϊλᱻˣ
ϵɫ붶ֱۣڸǣһǶײУܵصĴ
˶𣿡
𾪵Ŀ£ƵĿˣڣĮ
ʲô˼
һ
̫ˣ
һĨ磬һ壬磬һɻصĴƣֱӳ˹ȥâ˸˸ȭͷϣһ˸š
˵ϸ֮Ҫʼˣ
뵰
ӵĻõӿһɱŭһɳǵҵı˳̨ռڣһɭ˫ڵ滮Բ³ɬ󣡡
ˣ
Ļ£һµĴ󣬱۶ɣڣһɭĹâڴ˸ʱõƱ
ΪƾǵֶΣͿԴ𣿣
һƬɭǳ⣬Ͷ֮䣬ΧĿռ䶼һ飬ƺⷽռ䣬ѾزĴڣԾoƥġ
Ǿ壡
ĻǾĸˣ˻ʸˣжɵĸпһ
ˣǳɳڳˣм˵ԼܹѹƵˣ
ɱ
Ʋ֣һڵľ޽У޽ıԵɫĵ绡˸ţսڳ壬һɻһеĴƣž޽ֱӾͳȥָɾ䣬ڿٵأ޽򣬿ռֱӶһѷ죬ƾˡ
񣡡
ɲ˫ֽһֵӡԭɭڣȻֶ
¡¡¡
Ļ䣬һңĿռ䣬ǰ۶ɣɭϢѹһУΧĿռ䶼ֱˣ


1335 һʤ
ⷽĿռ䱻۳ʱȫ˶ˣڣǳźȻɫ
ȻǣҲ޼ΪԼľıԴ۶ɵģ
ŷʥףȻʹȾ
оĸ˾츳еȡ
˻ʸˣһɫȥڣȻɫ
ǿĸ˴γλ壬½ȵһѾǾĸɣ
õвһĨϣ͸µˣ
򣡡
ⷽռ۳֮Ҳܲɣͷ͹ԣкˮȻ˵ҲŲСѹӡһ󣬱ǽⷽռ䣬ѹķơ
ƿ
Ȼ΢ȣǣû֮⣬ԭڵͫڣ֮ɫĵ绡ֳھ޽һٵصo޽䣬Ŀռϡ

һɴ⵽ĻϢӣõɫ޽޼᲻ݣһɭĻߣڶ㵵Ŀ£ֱӾпⷽռ䣬룬ֱָʺ
ˣ
ڽ漴ʺʱ򣬷ǰͣ³䳹ǵĻĿű۾ᡣ
ţ
ʺ洫ʹõܿͷӦ˹۾ǿ˫˻ӣʱǾЩڸţȴû˵ӽվ
ˣܣ
ƲǹһζѣǷеһйһֻҪٽһ˿ôͻ׵ȡ
ʱ⴦̨Χ򣬼ž˶ǵԲ۾ſĿĿһĻ
ֳֺɫ޽վǰһɫλƣΧΪռ䱬ϫ˿Ӱ첻ֱֺվһ֮ģ궼Ϊ֮
һΣ͸дһУ߸˽֣
Ұˣ
һ˿һ˿ʺæֱ䡣
ܹܵĵ޽ϱŷģִ⵽ĻƣΪֻһеƣԼŰˣܵĳףֵľҲֱƿ
ʲôֶοԵס޽Ľأ
СӹȻǺģ
¹ǲĴЦȱ쳹𣬽ţϷ㶵˱㶼ǻع
ôܻ
˻ʸѧԱǾĸѧԱڣ¶˼ɫ
ڵһ£Ȼܹƿ־
ӣ件ˣվþò
޷һ
Ӯˣ
Ὺʱ˻ʸѧԱǲķӦ˹ʱһڶ¶ϲɫ
Ӯˣ
½ѧԱУȻܹսʤ֮ˣ
˵˻ʸʱҪˣ
޴ľϲ˹õҸЩΡ
ԭǴƣǣתۼ䣬ֱǸ߸ˣǸоЩʵ֮࣬ͬʱҲھȷƵʵ
Ҫ֪ղռ䣬˼٣ǰʵĸܵˣܹƿ֤ӵоǿʵ
ʲô˰Ϊλӵǿʵ
˵жǸֳһ⣬Ϊοͨķƣӵ˲ͨʵ
л׶ˣ˽޷⡣
⡭
ε˻ʸѧԱǿ˶Էڵľϲ𺳡
һֱл׶ԵǣܹоõһȺˣһʼһֱɣƺϵˣ
㡭ΰ쵽ģ
ǰӣЩӲʵ
⣬Ϊ׼ԾȻǿƻƺֵ绡ǰûʲôǲԴݻٵģ
˵̫ˣ
΢΢һ䣬л˿еľ޽ɢɨһ̨µĸӼˣֱ̨
ĸˣζԴ˻ѧԱģǿˣԣҲûбҪ˿
ԸֿҰǣֻȫչԼǿ󣬸˭ɭֵİŲð㣡
Ƹ磡
Ůֱ˹ĻУ˿ںĿ⡣
λɫŮΪ֮ģⲻɵıõзᡣ
һ뵽ŷ̨չֳʵȴҲû˵ʲô
ٺ٣
л׶¹ضһۣǷֻĹЦţ㶼Χȥ
һƬ˻ҵУ˶ڸš
˭֪Ȼôһأ


1336 ͬףһа
Ҳϲ
ĸѧԱǣʱһƬƲҵУЩԭ˻ʸѧԱȴǾϲѡ
׬ѧȲ˵Ҫǣ˻ʸӮӣ
ΧԭֺľĸѧԱǳ˲ӬһɫǴüֽкãϲ
һУһ½ѧԱģ
켫Ժ½ѧԱʦ̡
ѯʣһЩһͬ켫ԺˣǽһϢ˳
ʲôЫµѧԱ
ʱһЩ˱Ǿԭ˷ܵɫǱ˾ȻͫһĨ־ɫ
Ȼ˻ʸУֹ켫ԺѧԱ̵ܵĻ
Ҳ֪ΪΣӵоòĵʦϲȥһЩ֮飬ԹĿˣȱȽǰ
ǰòԻ޷ܣǣΪȴõ˾Զ֮
һʱڣǿƵ˵ĿǱЩͬˡ
Ҳ֣Ыѵ˽һʱˣȻܻţ
õǳԾͬʱһĨȻ
ҲѹˣȻӵǿʵԭܹЫ»һ꣬ڷƸղǿЩķҲоܹˣ
ֻǣĸ޸ѧԱȴǲ⣬Ыô˵õЩ˶Ǳɫأ
ҲĽɫ
һףǣҪ˸о־壬ȴ൱Ĳ򵥣

ڽ̨ǼǴѧ֣Ѻעѧ֣ȡ֮󣬷Ʋٴһǰ
ǻ˭սң
ɨһ۸ˣûʲô¶ȵ˵ţƵζʮ㡣
һ仰õĸɫһϽ棬ɫѿ˼㡣
仰̫ˣ
˴֮ͥ£ѵҪǿ˵ս
ԣվɫǲӻֻǶݺݵĵŷƣЩҧгݡ
Ŀܹɱ˵ĻѾǴж˿ˣ
ԭҲֻѣ
һԣ¹ذ촽мĳߵл׶ʵ⻰ղ˭˵ţ
ٺ٣ȻĳЩඣ
л׶Ҳʲôר˵ʹȣõǵɫǱļΪʡ
ž
ͻأģ¹һƣ˲Ŀ£ֽеϣҶˣǸûƷСӵʸ񰡣Ŷһѧֶòˣǿš
ͣ
ҲܲסˣſڣһѪ
Ǳİ
ˣȻûѪǣҲòɸһĶɪţ޲Ҫһĳȥ
ӣֱӸɾˣ
ڱ˽ԭҪʩӸ볰Լʱָожˡ
СӣҷȰһ䣬ˣҪõ͵
һԵ件ǿȥˣһ˫˸ɭâĶŷ˵в֮⡣
͵
üͷһһǳǳĻȣ˵ߣҲҪ͵
件ûһ˿øУԣ˿棡
ǰߣ
件ⶸȻһһεƣܡ
ƾ㣿
ƵӿֳһĨĹâһѪ棬ǱָƣһУΪǣһĨаȵĻȣɭȻ˵ͬףһа㣡
⻰һһƬʱ˼žУ㵵Ŀ⣬˷Ƶϡ
ңڳӣõԽԽע⵽
ʲô£
˶ѯţа˶עߵĶ̬ˡ
У˻ʣģޣ˽УУЩ̨ԵǼǴǿߣҲǲĳ˹
Ȼ΢עߵĶֻ̬ȴû뵽ղŻʤķƣȻᵨ˵ֻ
件ھĸڣҲһʥѧʮʱ䣬ǣȴѾ˷ʥ׵ĳ̶ȣ˹ƣһڣͿԳϷʥ۷ĵزǼпܶɹ췣Ϊʥǿߣ
ԣ˸ȥа裬ҲûԸȥ¡
Ͼ㾳߹ǣ֮£ͻƴʥ磬һƶȻ޴棬ҵʱ򣬵ǿߣǴ粽а
ԣЩ֪һ½ѧԱȻ件Ƶʱ򣬶ɵĳӿ˹һ˫˫ϷʵĿ⣬ͣ件ϡ
һ仰һİƣ件ӻʹ


1337 ʥ֮µһ
ãܺã
件һ϶Ƕһ㱡ĺ˪һ˫Ǿܹ˵ꡣ
û뵽ˣȻҸԼһ
ͬףһа㣡
ʱӲƣӶѾˣңӮˣѧԱ֮ˣӮһѧԱòҲûʲôֵÿҫģ
ٺ٣
л׶¹صˣݵĲ֮ҲǷӦ˹ţбǷһëȻĹЦ
ĹڣͬΪɡ֯Աѹûз֮件ʲô
˵ĸܹһȵģҲֻǸڤˣ
ԣ֪ҪùˣˣĿɿڴվŭ֪αˣŷƣǿһͷһ
Ϊε˻ʸѧԱƺҪȰ˵Щʲôһ֮˹ĬĬվڷһԡ
һʱڣΪƵ仰˰νŵľأ˻ʸĸѧԱǻĵš
ʱѾ˵ҫˣǹϵϣ
ôѵ㲻𣿡
Աŭе件ûаţ˫ĿĿ΢Į˵һǿߣڱĶ֣
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
件ڷԳһѪ˿Щҧгݵ˵ǰ飬ƺҪƵ˺һ
ԶԶû뵽ǰȻֱԼ
ҾͺáҿɲԸ״һ
Ӧ֮󣬷Ƶĸˣɵ˵һǧѧһ֣𣿣
˻
仰һʱΧ˲ɵĶǵһ
һǧѧְվڵģжٸܹó˾ѧ
ѧ֣ǸƷܹѧۻλʹá
üһﰡ
л׶Ƥɵһг鴤
׵Ŀ治װ
ңѣȻôһˣҪʳѰˣ
㣡
件Բ۾ֱЩ˵
ţǲȥѧְܻóһǧѧ
㲻һǧѧֶòɣ
Ʒ֣ԼóϻţڣϷʵɫЦѵǾĸľӢˣ̫͡ʧˣһ˶硣
ꡭ
件ľΧ쳹һƬֱõɫһƬϽɫ
件
һ𣬱ǣһ󺮷紵ֱӾѹȫõ˲Ŀ
һüͷǼһϢȥʮҵӣӲԶһ̨ƺĽŲȴܿ죬ѣǳ件ǰǹȣֲʵĸо
ó
ĮһУ΢ɨ˷һۣȻǶ件˵ţƲµһֻ϶ѣע⡣
ǣ
件ƺηӣͷȥ֣ǽԼݸˡ
Լó֮󣬿飬޾Ĺ㣬ʱΧڶ¶𾪵ɫ뵽˵֮󣬱㶼Ȼˡ
ĸʥ֮µһˣ
һԵѧԱ۵УƲǵ֪˵
̶һʮʱ䣬ʹ۷壬Խʥ۷ĵزٶȣʵڿ£Ժǰ;
˶ڸ̾ţгĽ뼵ʡ
츳ʣʥѧڣҲûмܹ֮ģܹΪĸʥ֮µһˣӵеģɲֹٶȶѣ
Ϊ֮
һǧѧ֮ǽ׸件һû˿¶ȵĻֱŴȥҲͣͣƺһж޹һ
ʥ֮µһ𣿡
΢΢һ䣬Ҳû˵ʲô
ܹܵĵǹȴη壡
߰ɣ
ɨһɫĵˮ件һС֣Ŵȥ
䳡̨ûƾĹܣԣֻȥʥˡ
件΢΢ţȴû˵ʲôݺݵĵһԵĸӼˣ߷ߵһ˦䣬ȥ
˶һۣε̾һ
Ҳû뵽Ƶĵӻô󣬾ȻֱѾʥ׵件
ͬףʹԴܵ£件ƻǴڵģôôŴ件أ
ߡ
߳ȥ֮󣬶ʱһ˶Ǹȥ˽УõԭĴһӾͱĿտࡣ
˻ʸΣҲһСһ


1338 ʥ
켫Ժʥö㣬ŷһ߽֮󣬺һȺˣֱǲͽȫˣõ˶ЩͷԣΪλô˸ңС
ܿģǱ㶼˿е֪ľʱо档
һǧѧֵĶעһİ
ңǸе𾪵ǣѧԱȻͬףҪһаܵУ
䳡ڣһγֱӵоᣬ˶ΪԲ
ڣһж˵ˣ˭ҲԲ²Ľ
Ϊߵڣ̨ϵ˺ܿˣ件ȥǼǴǼȥˡ
İİ
л׶¹ضʱͽ¿ˣһ²ӡ
ſѧַһܹ׬ѧ֣Ϊβ׬
˿ˣ件ʤʮһʤһ
֮󣬳ϱ
Ȼо̫ˣǣл׶˶ûа취ֵעˡ
Ͼǰ͵ģΪβҪأ
Σ˶ѧˣǼȫעڷϣʱעڷϣ෴ģ件ǱȴģǾĸˣҲԵעѣûע
֮£ֱӾõٴη˸ı䡭
件ʤʮһʤʮһ
ĽõڵǼǴ件ɫļΪѿ
ѵԼĵһһ𣿣
ݶҪҧˣŷŭĻ磬аԷģȻһҪ÷ܣ
λʦܣʦһл件
εѧԱվ¹صߣѯʵ
ٺ٣
¹һЦɭɭ˸ź⣬ڵֻɫСһ˴ʮٸû⣡
˺ʱĸѧԱĿ⣬ǲƵĶСӡ
ʲôҪүүɽ𣿣
¹ظǣֱӵԲ۾һ˻ȥǿûߡ
ɲʲộ˵ӵԽԽãֻҪ֣ˣôûʲô⣡
ߣ
𣬲ȴûӦ
Щ˲ȻΪηʵǵǷٶԼôһƣǲûӡ
ڣӮ件ᱻΪЦˡ
ܿģ件ǽ뵽̨֮ڣվ˫֮żʮҵľ롣
ôţ˵һа㣬ǲܣ䣡
΢չһ½ǣŶǻƵ件Ϸʿ˵

件һĨţ޾ĺǴ籡˳ƺƵģ˴ѩһۿɼ˳һĴŷƾϯ˹Ҫ֮շڡ
ս
ƵⶸȻһʱһɼ񱩵ƱǴڳ˳˫Ҳ˶һƬ죬Ұ޶Լһ件ǣһĨĻȡ
¡¡¡
һڣ֮һıӿһװըƺƴ˲䣬ֱӳ˶件
ôܣ
ǹɼǿѹ件ھȻһĨȻɫ
޷ţʵȻƽ޹ʵıֻ֮࣬ƾƣֱӽѹˣѵһֱʵɣ
亹Ķͷȥ
ѹǰˣԲܹסġ
̨֮µˣȻû侳ĸоǣҲеĲ֮ͬ
ΪĽϣ件Ѿ·磡
һʥ׵ˣһʥһ׵ͬױȶȻ˶ԷǸо˼֮࣬ͬʱҲˣƵĲ
ԲǱϿȥ򵥣
ʱ件ҲֻӲͷƤˣܲƵѹ¾ֱɣ
â󣡡
֣ǼԼֵķ˿˿һĿռ䣬ڡ
ء
棬ķХһЩǹǺĺĴķ
ȭ
ڵֻܶŰڿ˫һƣһͷǵħ۶ɣ߰˳ߣһ˫ͨɭӣһӴ̨ռ件ļ£һֻɭĴ֣ƣֱӳŷ
ʥ
Ȼʱ件Ϊѹ۷ĵزǣƾʥ򣬴ʱȻǴ˳ʱ˿ռ䣬ѹ˷ǫ̃ľĸѧԱ¶ϲɫ
ʥܲɵȻ䣬õܱʮ̨ռ䶼ˡ


1339 ɱһ
һͷӴޣһɭ۶ɣϢƴǴľһģѹ˷շһУһּϢӾ̨֮ˣһӱëǾ
¡¡
һֻ޽ţǾǳص֧һӴᶯ䣬غķƺֻҪѹضҪ𣬸һ綼Ҫĸоռ䣬Ǻˮһıȿ
ʥ
һĨȡ
ȷĽˣʥһܹʹãǷʥεˣ·ʥϵĲΣԴ߷ʥ
ɱ
ܿ죬ƱǷӦ˹һһɫľ޽۶ɣڽԵһɫĵ绡˸ţӳһɻصϢƺһȥض
ɱ
һľ޽շʱ򣬷ϵƶȻһһ𣬱һٵصoһΡȻٽֱӻ䣬ˮûаͣͣɱƶ¡

˾㵵Ŀ£ͷޣֱӾͱ룬鿪Ǵ件ռ䣬Ҳֱֽһı˺ɱ룬ֱָ件ĺ⣬Ѫż
ˣ
Ƴž޽ǰɫ԰ףɫ件еĮ˵ڣһƬ
ˣ
ͬһͬһɱһУ޿ֱƿ件ʥ
ƥսõȫ˶ɵĵһڣһƬɫ
ˣͬͬ׵λϣûм˸˵Լܹסһ֮
˻ʸʱôһλǿ½ѧԱ
ǿ˶Էڵɻ
ƣ˵ʵ̫İˣ˵ģ󲿷ֶû˵ôһˣ
һл件ǿߵʵΪλ˵ĬĬţһֱûмἰأ
ص
ĸ޸ˣⶼ¶صɫ
˻ʸ֮ûйô˵ϢӦҪ½ϲչֳӶţ
ʱǾĸ˹ƣõײǹˣľͳΪ˱˵ĵʯ
ʱӵƺ˹ɫҰ׵վ
ǲǸ˼˵ʯң޳͸˶Էѧ֣
һǧһѧְǿڡ֮ءڣһµʱˣ
ʹûڣļţڣŷŭĻ档
˵̫ˣ
Ӻܲģҧгݵ
ǲ̽˶ѣĸĵƣһֱûг֣
ţֻҪλһ֮ڣ˿ƥУ
ԣǶ϶һΣ½ȵһǾĸģ
ǲҪ˵̫ˣٺ١
仰ȴǸһԵ¹ˣʱĽһ䣬ĸӻðɣһݶҪҧˣԽ¹ȴԽǷĴЦ
ĸˣҲ
ҡͷζڶӵĿ⡣
ʱ件һˣȻǲʱҲ졣
Ȼһλش
ʱ件һѧֲ˵涼ûˡ
Ƹ
ЩȸԾŮһϣһĨ۶ҸЦ⡣
ϣֻǰ𣿡
վѩĮڵǳš
ȻŵУӵа֮ʤ壬ǵ޿֮ǣܾãЩ̫Ծǣȴ˵ңϴεİŮӣΪûһͬоַʲô£
أ

ô䣿
件΢΢һлű֮⣬˫ӣһԵһпܣֱɱˡ
ꡭ
ɫľ޽֮ϣɫĵ绡˸һϸСߣ΢΢Զ䣬Ŀ件ʺֱӾ˺ǱǲӨӨĺ⣬˺ʺѪ
㣡
件ҧݣĶŷƣһ˫ȭͷקӣȴΪϴľʹ
Ĳ뿪䰡ĺʲôסһӲ˵
䣡
ڿĨʱҲӲˣԭ³Ļֱ˵ڡ
Ͷ
΢΢һ䣬ɢȥеľ޽лѧ֣
˵գǴ󲽳̨֮ȥ


1340 
һϢڶ̶̵һ֮ڣǾϯʥѧ֪ˣ޲𾪵Ŀɿڴֱ෽֤ʵſţ
һ˻ʸ켫Ժ½ѧԱԷʥһ֮ˣһ˾ĸӵо壬Ϊڷʥ׵ᣡ
սĸ㣬ʥ׵件ͬ׵ĳ̶ϣһа֮Ӯһǧѧ֣
һʱڣΪϢʥѧڱһСķ籩˽Ծڲţ½ѧԱʲôͷ
෽Ĵ켫ԺڵΪǱ˳
Ӧһ˻ʸѧԱھϲ벻һ½ѧԱڣȻ˵ĺݽɫڣһ˻ʸǿüõ˰ɣȡ½ȵһҲпܣ
ȴΪĸȻԾ֮ȥ̽ⲻ𵱳һš
һ֮ΪǿĴڣ뵽ĸ֮󣬸˶һѧԱ
ֻǣϢܿͳȥҲߣ޷ȷ϶ѣ
пܣģֻǱĸʱѹȥѣ
ԣ˻ʸӵôһݽɫܲܶõһǻǺ˵ң޸Ҳǳصģ
Ȼ޸һαֵļΪ͵ƵΪҲûжǣ˭Сͷޣ
ң޸ĹԽӵǿѧԱԽǵ͵෴ģûоԵİջõһʱ޸ŻɳѧԱ
Σ޸һֱڳŵУô֤ˣ½һҲڱصãıΪ˿֮ᣡ
ʥѧ󸮣֮䣬ܱʲôҵ½ȣʵǺÿһʵı׼
Ͼ˶½ѧԱǧǾЩ½ѧԱȨ
ԣʵǿģҲպøʵ̶ȣ
ڣ˻ʸһǧף룬һЩƽӹˣܹ֧ŵ𣿣
ԣĺҲûԭġ

ЩϢʱ˻ʸĴԺǵһʱ֪ˣر켫ԺԺģֱӶסˣǣŸˣһ仰ȴõһͰˮֱ侲
ǿ̵ѧԱ
˲֪ʲôˣѵΪ켫ԺԺ
ƺ뵽ʲôϵϣҲһĨ̫Ȼɫ
ѧԱôǿƣ
ıǻָԭȵϣǴŵʵУЩɻ֮⡣
ţ䳡ʥõĸˣ֤ʵ
Ӽᶨĵ˵ͷ
Ŷ
Ӧһ֮üͷȴ
ϴڤ¼֮ҹʦ֪ǣһѧԱ£
̣ûȡѧԱԣǶ϶һε½ѧԱ
֮ĵĹ۲л׶ˡ
ⲻ۲컹Ҫһ۲죬һ
߸ˣûһǼ򵥵Ул׶磬õ֮࣬иǴΪϲ
ͽȻյĶǲ֮ͬ
ţһΣһ½ѧԱ½֮ϣضܹչֳԼķâ
ʲô⣬ȡһҲûʲôܵģ
ǣʱ⴫֮¼ȴǽһ֮ˣڵһεĳ̶ϣһлܣ
ƺл׶磬Ƕ޷鰡ңˣҲǷʥһףǰЩӾѾ׵ĵزˣ
Ȼ뵽һԣʱӶɵһһĨɫǴŵ׷ʵǸ½ѧԱǲǿȥͨ׼֮壿
Щˣ
ȷʳ仰ʱ켫ԺԺˣ
ǣУֻǱϾ֮ͨ塭ǣʹõȴЩһţǺɫģ件ս֮ʱǰɫ
ӲұԼõϢȫг

ġһ¾վʧ̬ĸֱӾõǴŵӿĿɿڴ
⻹ǰǸ²ı㣬Ϻ֮ƵԺ𣿣
ңҲͷˮ˵ĵһôʸ켫ԺԺ˵ʧ̬أ
ڻˣ
ĸûй˼ڣ˸żĹâҲǣ˭ʸһлܾ֮ˣ
ϴΣ۲л׶һˣȻл׶粻ǣȴûҵڤ촦Ǹǣ
ʱ⴫֮˵һУǺˣ


1341 Ϻ
һڤ¼ǣĿ㾡ȫռһпõϢˣȥݷ˵ʱڳǼλǿߣõ˽һģһݲţ
ͨ׼֮壬ʹõǰɫңǵʱɹ췣ôҲͻƷʥһף
һУˣ
ٴϸѯһЩ似״ֱ֮ǿ϶¼ǣٷ֮پڤ¼ǣߣͬһˣ
ǣ˻ʸĸ󰡣
ȥݲ˵ڤ¼ǻվһĺˣ
Ůӣ
ƾƣ;Ժһġɡ֯ƾ㣬֤ŮӵĲΪ磬Ȼǿµ˼㣡
˻ʸҲ켫ԺҲ
ĿڴЦڣ˸ż˷ܵĹâõǴŵӺݺݵ۾Լǿһ
Ҫ֪ԺɻʧˣĻ˵嶯ħԼ
ΪڶԼ
ȻҲֻѣ˵ͷվԺȴ˼ţ¼ǣӵһʲôݣܹԺ˵ʧ̬أ
˼룬Ҳ벻͸ܲףĿеǸľ˭
ԭȷ֮Ҳ嶯ֱȥҷƣǣ
ǻһʦ˼ɣֱøõʦѧԱڣ֪µѧԱȴˣ
ΪڲǰͻȻãһĪĻ
ͷҾȥɧҵǼСͽܣȻ̲㣡
ҲΪ仰õĻ侲
̵ֶΣ̹һΣҲһΣҲ룬ֱӳΪجΣ
ԣʱǧ룬ǣҲȥҷƣΪԼ˽⣬֮仰ǾΪ֪ԼȥѧԱ
򰡣ϲ
ôһȥӽƵʱ򣬴ЦǼֱ߲룬뵽Ƚ鷿ڡ

ֱϵɫһͷɫҲһۣȥһż
¸ˣ
ǴŵҲʶ࣬˹˹֮󣬱˳鷿ңľš
Ϻ꣡
ˣλжǰһ䣬һϵЦݣȴǸӵŨˣңǳΧȥ
򰡣Σ켫Ժǳһ˵ﰡ
Уһɫȿˣ˵䣬ŨŨĽ֮⡣
Ŷô֪
ͷҲûֱ̧ӵӦһʲôҲ֪һ
װĻ񣡡
аޣʱȴҲû¶ɫ
Ǵ֮˲ųȥǾͲϺ᲻֪淢飡
һ磬һл˾尡ǶסܹˣȻϺ
򰡣Σ켫Ժ½ѧԱܹһлܾĸľ壬ⲻ켫Ժҫͬʱõ˻ʸü
һɫǰһ
ãѾ֪ˣлת档
ǰһû˿ĶɫĳŰ߹˹֣ĿȴһֱԼеĹżһ㣬˵ɫ޵߶ġ
ȿȡ
Ǹɫ֮󣬱ǿʼ˵ˣ򰡣ǶǶˣ˲˵˵һ½ѧԱܲ򵥰мʲǾ尡
һ֮Ǳڸµĵʦ˽⵽һ֮ʱ켫ԺĵʦֱӽӢѡˣ
ǰµʦû֮࣬ͬʱҲ޿κΡ
ϾѧԱѡģʦûȨ棡
̵ǴŵҲ˽һЩЫֶεˣֻ켫ԺѣԺˣûжܹĶֻ֣ǣ˶֪켫Ժôһ׺Ĵڣ˺ܶˣ
ôѵҪ
仰üͷһȴǷеĹżǣһĨĻȡ
򰡣㿴켫ԺѾӵǿƵѧԱԣ룬أרһѧԱͺˣļΣ
Ǻɫ߻üΪĻ˵ţ˵߿ɫ
ǵ˼ѧԱˣ
ɫһ䣬ҲЩ


1342 δ
򰡣ǲǸ˼ǵ˼ǣµѧԱ
ǰǰҲΪ밡Ϊǽأ
˻ʸһ壬ҡ
߶кûƪңóһĵϡ
֪ҪֻϺˣǾԲôɵģѪҲǱȻ
ʲô˼
ǲźۼ䣬ȴǵԲ۾ЩȻʵͬһ¶Сһ
װ񣡡
а涼û¶
ǸΪл׶½ѧԱҵؼԺǺĶˣ
ɫߣǶЦݣʵУѾڵѪˡ
ԺǶҲˣ
һƼԺ
ߣҲȺ̬

ɨһϵУûȥã¶һĨΪѵɫ˵ϸĲԸӦҲ֪˻ʸĹأѧԱǿʦʦ֮󣬸ѧԱһУɵʦ𡭡ǵĵʦӦҴӦʲô취
ð죬ֻҪӦˣԼȥǵʦѧԱתǱǡ
ôһ˵϶¶ϲЦݡ
ȻڵＫΪ󣬵ǣܹȡôһλѧԱǾֵõģ
ѾԤԺֻϺ꽫ᱻԼڵľڵѪ
ڣƱֳ츳ȷǼΪǿƣҹ죬ܹܾ壬ǣ˭ܹԤϵ֮߶Զ
л׶磬Ͳһˣ˵ƾʣѾ߱۷ʸ񣬶ǣ಻ܹΪָЩ·ѡ
뵽⼸ǼԼԺʱǴ֮ʱγԼ
ǵ˼ֻҪҴӦЩҵˣ
ָָϵУһܲȷʵ
ȻֻҪͬ⣬Ǿˣ
ЩԺߴӦĶǺʹ죬ңķһ
ҴӦǣǸ㲻ǵĵʦô죿
һתɫʵ
ģֻҪӦ˾Ϳˣ
ߣΪԺԺǾͲţеʦڲǵ˼
ǺãҴӦˣ
ҲֵļΪʹ죬ֱһڱǴӦңѸײڶ֮ƣֱӾͽϵõߣǺݺݵĳ˳顣
лл
ϲ̵ĳ˹˹֮󣬱˷ϵĹż۾Ŵ£͵˲ڡ
ȿȣ򰡣ǲӦôȥ̵ʦˣ
Ǻɫҧҧһƽ֮ĳ嶯˼һһٵѵ
Ϻ꣬İð
ʲô
̧ͷ˵ΪҪȥ˵ҴӦ𣿡
㡭
ɫЩѪͶˣǸȰ
λ˺
ʾ£ǰǶ˵򰡣ȷֻҪ㿪ڴӦˣǣܸøǣ̵ʦסɣ
°
һĨĻȣҲܴ󷽵Ľ̵ס˵˳
ǣ
λ߶ҲûкǶֱӾͳ鷿
С³ȥˣң˵ұչȥˡ
ǰŸߣıһ̵ʧӰ٣ֻ仰Ժڻصš

件֮󣬷һ˱ǻصԼԺڣһˣϲǰټ
ƺǶţֻҪзڣǾûʲôǰ첻£
صԺӣȻὫʱ˷л׶ϣֱŮصԼСԺڣһ´棬û߳ԺӣҲûд򿪡
죬һ˲ǾڴڣȻŮȱϯˡ
ͷһź⣬ԤûӦû޸
ѩĮڵǳɢȥɫԲ԰ף૳
ܣ
¹صһ͵Բ۾ɡ֯ĳԱǷСӵĶ֣ѵСС޸ѹסСӣ
⡭
ѩĮҲ֪λشźãҡҡͷŲ²˵ڵս֮ͬڣ˿ƥУǣڷֲŷʥһ׶ѡ޸ڳһλʥףĽ׵ˣǾǾĸڤ壬Ҳհɣ
ʥϣǿʹʥʥ֮ͬСɣϾϵƣսǿҲʤ㣡


1343 չһ
˽֮󣬷Ҳ˽⵽ˣʥӵеƣ
ʥ׵ĳ̶ȣſƿʥ𣿡
һĨ⣬ʥ
ʥ֮件ĶսУѾǳԵˣ˵ֻ֮û췣ĻһȻܹ赲ͷ޵ĹƣǣԲһ件
췣֮оԵƣƻһټ֮ĳ件Դ۵ı׶ˣԣܹҵʤ
Դۣ˵ˣзʥ׵ˣʥѹܹӦ
ԣѩĮĲ²⣬Ҳûеʥ֮ܿܣ
ʦڿϰʥ𣿡
Ժڣֱʵ
С
ֱӷˣҽ͵ʥףĿʥ׵ķ룬ڵ㣬Դ̫޷ʩչʥ
˼Ҳǣ½Уǳһλʥ׵ǿߣͿɺɨˣǸڤ𣿡
ƵЩأ׷ʵ
Ҳȫǣ˶ܹڷʥƿʥġǣһڷʥ׾ƿʥˣôǸڤ壬Ҳ֮ƥУ
ص쳹ֱõķƵĳȥ
Ҫʮ֮ڣͽʥף֮£ҲһЩ˶ѣǣǻʲô޴ĻȻֻƾʵ֮ˣҲûжĿԡ
ŶҲ˵ҲֵĲǷʥףĳܹڤĴ𣿡
ôһͣһĨ⡣
û˻ʣģޣƿǿ壬ԣܹ۷壡
ϵ˵ͷο
𣿡
΢񣬱Ǽã˶ǶԼλģһ㾡ȫģ
仰ͷˣ
¹ظ˵ЦֻѩĮһˣЦƺ˼Щʲô
֣ǰ¹ôûһͬ
ԥл׶ǿʵ
⻰һʳ˶ǿŷơ
ϾŮӵı֣ʵ̫ˣ¹ţҲףĴڡ
ȥˡ
ɨһۣƽûжλһʱ䣬λ׼׼һչȭţȥƴʦƽ
ã
ԸἰҲûм׷ʣ㶼бչء
󣬷Ʊǰȥ˺ɽȣںѯʣҲ΢ἰһЩֻ˵Ĺڵõʥɹ˰ϣڷϵһУȴû˵
ǰŮӣҲֻ˵Ĺģ췣Ļ֮󣬱ǳڤˡ
Ӧ㵲һ
ҲЩпǰķƣ˸Ÿӵɫ
췣ɲ⣬ףΪΰŮ췣ڣ췣ȴ䣬ǣ֣Ϊƶɽ٣ǾͲ˵ˣҲʲôֲ췣Ҳ˵
ԣҲ֪ǲǸȰοơ
ǰŮȻ¶״̬Լ췣˭Ҳ˵׼
š
Ƶ˵ͷͷȥ
û˵ԼɵǾϵ췣󣬸ǵֲӰֻ˵Լֿסھ췣
֮ûȥһЩ£죬Ҳȫ׼½ȣڴչֳ˻ʸ֮󣬷Ʊ»ص켫Ժڣ
֮壬ϰϣǰ;
ҲûȥŮӵʵݣ߳ľݣٲ֮£ʼӶ޴
ţƵȷ֪ǰŮӵҲҲϴ֮ʲôɣȻΪ׽أ

һʱڣһ˶ûгԺӣҲΪ̵磬Ҳûȥǡ
һֱȹԼľ磬Ͼǽʥ׶ѣȣԴܵƿأҲǺ죬ټֻһµʱ䣬ûме׷ͻƷʥףֻϤԴܣȫ
ڵͬⴿһ˵ʣڷƽʥ֮Ҳǵõһξ޴ͬӵʥ׵ĳ̶ȣңϣĻгһơ
ҷ󻡶ȵҲ˷Ƶĵ޷֮жԵʱҪκҲһ׵飡
ռ츳һƣ
ˡ
ڷű֪֮½ȣѾˣ


1344 
ʥѧھе½ȣⲻʥѧڵһʢ£һʢ¡
½ȵģҪʥѧ˻ʣģʥѧģ磬϶ɱһǿἸʥĴҲͬʸ½У
ԣҲ˵Ǵ۷һαԣͬѰ
һǰǼ¼ȻֵĴ󣬲ҲֻʥѧѣңʱҲû˿˻ʸһ
ΪⲻǾĸɳ֮̽˶ѣܹһξĸʵң޸ͷβûг̽ƺѾʤȯգҪЩ׷ѵĹˡ


Ů߳˵СԺʱһϤֽĵЦõķɫЩ̫Ȼ
ǰ˫ˮںڣ·һ˿Ц⣬ˮž¶˵ϣ͸¶˿˿ģ̬飬ȶˣ۲ת޲ɢһйĶǵķ飬ĻɣֻһۣƱǿٵĵͷȥҿ
㻹û
˫ۣг״ڷɨţС͸¶һΣյ
ʦһЩ飬Եˡ
΢΢˳飬ǰͷվ
𣿡
ǲźۼ䣬һĨ⣬ڣҾͲƽˣ½Ⱥٺúˣ
ʦ
˶Ҫ磬ȴΪֹ
ԸĪ⣬Թţ˭Ҳ˵׼ôģԼܿҲգƲˡ
ǰ˵Ļǻǵðɡòصһǻ˵Ŷ
ˮ⣬һһɨõǶǵͷȥг鴤ţ¹ظһıߡ
Ѿ׼ǷòһһͷײˣⱻЫĵʦĥ
ৣ
һһ˶ԺʧȥټƵֻһƼһϢ֮䣬ǵĶ߱Ǵĳ֮
޴ɽεض𣬴һΰĴ̾ɽ֮ǰһͷ͵ľޣһǿҵӾЩϢ
ӣǲɣĺۼЩϾɣûй󣬲ƷǰĽ̻Իͣǣȴһζ
ڴ֮ǰûƲ㣬ֱ˻ʣģ
ʥѧ
ǷƵ˵һμʥѧ棬ǹ۲һ˲Щȡ
ʱλסĵط
ʥѧǰ棬һĴ㳡һ޼ʵĴƽԭƽԭ֮ϣۼ˲֪жˣģѹѹһƬۿȥһƬ˺УĴڡ
ֻǣЩΪܵͣҴµ͵Ҳûȥ˼ǡ
ʱһˣ̵Ĵ£վмǸ֮¡
Ȼӣģ֮
Ȼʱ賿֮£ѾǾۼв˵ĴڣڷƵ˵ΧһЩˣֻһЩİס
ЩӦǴӰ½ɵġ
֮վŵģǾĸ޸ˣӵ˼÷һ˳֣ɫĿ£ɭ
һĺòǱΪЦȻǶЩ׹ڻ
ݺӣ㿴ʲôѵһɣ
¹ؿɲǣֱӽĸֱƲͷȥȥ
ΪһɤӣȴҲǽΧһЩĿۼϡ
ͨ׼֮壬ʥһס
ܿģڶĿ㶼Ƿ˷ϣһ˫˫ڣâ˸˸ƺҪƿơ
ֻǣȴ紫Եûаߣһͨһ
Ȼ󸮵ˣȴûйעƣл׶磬˲ٵĿ⡣
ϾˣΪͻ˷ʥ׵Ĵڣ
ৣ
ٴһĸǱߣһ߸ݵĵʦһұߵǸ֮¡

ԭһֱڹ۲ӦΧЩ˲ķƣһʱ䣬;쵽ɲͬѰĲƲͷһǿһϤӰ
ݿʣ׳˶һͷɫĳԺ󣬻¶ӳһɺϢΪΧ¶ȣڼ½ţӰԶһʱڣĳ֣ǽ󲿷˵Ŀ˹ȥ
ˣʶսĹǸӣҲӵڤ֮ˣ


1345 ɭ
ȻֹǷƷĴڣվ֮£Χ㳡ԶƽԭȺǷһͬѰĴڣʱ¶Ŀ⡣
ľ磬ȻҲֻǷʥ׵ĵزǣϵĲȴԶԶĳΧվŵЩĸѧԱᣬĹ֮£޹⡣
Ҫ֪½ȣһλ֮ˣ½һֵ
ӣվĻ෱ǴԲ£˸޷ĴڣЩĸѧԱǶ¶һ־ηĿ⣬ᣬҲˣŵĸӣҲվ˿
˻ʸ޸ѧԱ֪ˣһξĸĵɣ
վڷһǰ̣˫΢΢ŵڣһĨ⣬ǵĻȣҲǸӵˣƺǼʲôһ
ֻǣƵüͷȴһ
ΪǶӵһö飬ң֮ˣ
ܹŹԼ
ʲô֣
ƶһԵл׶ʵ
ɭ
л׶ǴһĨڨЦ˵
ڤ𣿡
վ󷽵ѩĮһƬǳòǳȥ
ڤ壬壬һ޶ƥ
ȻԳְҲףˣԲܹҡƿصġ
ɭĿǳл׶ķɨǣû䵽л׶ϵʱȴͣ⣬ȻһԨңֱӴ󲽵ĳŷ˹û˿˼ɡ
ҵĶأ
ǰɭʵЯ˪ˣơ
ĻΧ˶һȻ֮йʲôԹرԶˣǲ⡣
֮Ĳʵ̫ˣ
ɭԷƲƵõᣬӼ¶ֻɫ

һƵһ˫ͫ׶ǱѪһƬѪڣȴƺƽ˾ֽȻ֣ͬ񲻰
ƵĿŭ֮ʣǻȻ˵˵öûõ𣿵ʱܶȰұҪ»£ԣҾսĹˣ
˵Ȼ޹
Ҳ˵Ҫǣ뽫ִ󣬲ȻһǿɽǴ籩㲻áɡ֯˶ٴ鷳
ʲô
仰ɭڶʱͶһ˪ǴӾ߳ڤŭ
ǴˣսĹѾرգĶսĹڣ˵޳֮ˣ
ģ
εʼ硣
ţö棬ɭ϶ʲôӡ棬Բܹһֱ׷л׶ʱֱǸˣӡǣӦþͲˣܹӦҲӦöԼϻֱӿˡ
ϾƾڤݣǳɱҲܵκεĳͽ䣡
ɭ˫ڵӵıˣܹ˵꣬Χ¶ҲΪı任ٵ½ţ˺һΧѧԱǣǲı˿࣬ҶǼԴܵš
֮˹ǿ
ϸɨһ֮ɭһĨ⣬ֱӳ֣ȥɣ

һЦ쳹˱Ǽɭ۳ڤֱۣܵһֱָܷܷţ˲䣬Ǳɢ١
СܵܣɲǶֵĵطŶ
ǴһĨЦҽᣬõ˻֡
˻ʸѧԱȻû̹λŮʦֶΣǣҲ˵࣬ԣҲûбɫԻ󣬶ĸ޸ѧԱǾͲͬˣ׷׶¶ĽĿ⡣
Ůʦ˵Ը
Ц£һ̣֪жΪ֮㵹
ֻǣɭȴûǸܣʱɫܲȻҲ֪ʲôԭ٣ʱӥץסСһ
ĻƵǶ¶һĨŹֵЦ⣬¹ظһ죬ֻȴҲûЦŬţɫͨ졣
Ȼ壬˼ɵġ
λʦΪסҵѧԱ
Ǵɭĵʦֱ˹ɫƵĶʵ

̿ҲһۣǽЦ˵СܵܣԺɱƤŶ
˵գɿơ
ߣ
ɨһ۷ƵˣɭһߣתͷߣλΪΧĵʦ
־ܿǹȥˣ޸Ҳˣ޸½ѧԱУǿһϤӡ

ⶸȻһ


1346 С
˳һͷѪͷһѪɣ죬˫ǳ죬Ѫ˿һۣҲ޷԰εĳݽȥ
һѪţɷڳ壬ʥ֮ƣһޣħĴڣ
һۣǿ˶Էڵľȡ
ΪˣǰսĹֹӵѪħ֮ƵģӰ
벻ȻҲ޸ӣܲ򵥡
ƿƲľ磬ȴܹӦĵڣһǿļµڡ
ĲЩ֮ǰɭ
ѵ޸ĵƣ
һڣâ˸Ͼһɫ
һۣջĿ⣬΢΢ЩϢͷԼڣ͸¶һɾ¡
֮ͫڣѾڣеһѪѪ֮ϣһ˫аȵڶƺǴŹһҪѪ֮ڣߣ
ʱֹǷƣΧԶ˶ɫҰס
ȻҲǼ״
壡
ڷƵԺڣϵ쳹ޱȵ𾪡
Ȼ壡
ϵѣ֤ʵ˷еĲ²⣬оҵķڣӳ˿˿ս⡣
Ķ֣Ҫģ
ʦѾƿмܣǷѾʥף
˵ڤӦò˶٣Ҳɵĳɵӣ磬ʥ۷壬ڼƽͻƵ״̬
ϵдŸпɫ壬õ˲ٻ
Ŷ
⻰д˸ס
һʢս
ϵҲЩܡ
Ϊ֮壬ֻǿϧȴûڤ֮ˣźȴû뵽ܹĴڣ
ɭӰҲܵ˶ԷĴڣֻǣ˭ҲûвĿֻǣɫȴࡣ
ҲΪ˵ĳֱ֣Ӿͽ˵Ŀ˹ȥ˻ʸߣȴ˹עƺһ
˻ʸȻ˲ٲ֮ǣֻҪˡ
˻ʸٴ϶񸮣ɱ֮£Ǹռͷ֮λ𣿡
ʢѲ١
ȺУõ˻ʸѧԱǣɫǲôÿ
ֹ£ԭѾЩɫʣֳһĨǰףձ˵ƽߣ貵Ĺâؼ䣬ɢ˺ڰ뺮䣬˹ů
¡¡¡
һ׹ԭյʥѧţĴ򿪣һɲɣӶϯǧõһ
ţλʮҵӣһλ׷ͯյߣ˲Уڻ˳
˸ͬһ˻ɷڣһ˪һ˹ž޲
Ǹ׷ͯյߣںɽ翼˵λ󻤷
ǵ󣬻ˣ俴ȥǲС˻ʸλԺǸ׷ͯյ
ֻǣ˵Уɫ΢ЩԾȻ䣬ƺЩҧгݣҪĳȻ֮ļһһ
ļһԼĺôҲͰˣȻԼͣ⻹𣿣
ǹģ
Ϻ꣡
ԣֳϣһĿŵվԼǰʱǻЩѹֲסзڵŭ

֮߳󣬹㳡ϵ񷣬ͻأıڰ½ȡʢģ񸮣϶ɱ˴˳ǲûϸ̨Ա߱ͣ˽Ų
΢һɨۣƱǿ˲ٵˡ
Ϊ֮ǣվڶӪڱһĵŮǣֵСŮ
Ȼ仯ܴҲ˺ܶ࣬ǣƻһ۾ϳ
СΣ
ڵСΣѾˣҲһСˣһɫȹһ˫ںڵ۾Եʮֵ鶯۵һͯ߳Сһ
ǣֵģߣ
һǳɫȹ£ĥĸΪˣ裬֬׶üЦٻ͸һɵó󣬿͵Цݣȴ͸һɾǧĵĮ
ԭķƣɫܿȥ
ΪʱȴһߵĺܽҲΪڣСҲĿֱ֣վһ˿ȥǾһһ
õķüͷʱоƺСεϣ֪飬Ȼ߶ӦûȲŶԡ


1347 ʶ
磬ڴϣһ͵̫ŴȻǣȴӳһǵϢ˲Һӣ
ʥѧľ۷壡
ʱѧǰĹ㳡ƽԭϣǾȺѹѹһƬһȥߣ˵Ҳʮˣ
񸮣϶ɱ񸮣
˵һֱͣۺ˻ʣģѳ˻ʸȼ磡
񸮣óܣƿ¼涾Ǿǿߣе涾գΪ˼ɵԸȥڰ½ľ
Ĺ񸮣˶񸮣³壬̶񸮲ֱ˸ɾ
ɼ񸮵ֶˣԲĴ֮
ɱ񸮣ҲڸΪصһƯ٣û֪ɱ񸮵ַںδ
ɱ֮⣬۶ʵƴɱҲɱ񸮲ǣɱ˵ı˿ɱ棬˵ǵɱ񸮣ľͽʳѰ
϶̿£УѲ˻ʸޣĸһߵ͡
ûʱУ϶涼
ֽѾʱǸҵ½Ϊ֮һ˿ڷ࣬ԲСҲûĸҶ壡
ҲΪˣ壬Ѿǵ壬޲Ϊ׳ԼþֶΣͬ壬ѾǼֲˣ
ʥѧΪһѧھʣӵͬʵ϶ɱܹľ֮أ
ԣÿһεʥѧȣǻǲΪμӣӶԼţ
һΣȻҲ⣡

Ƹ磬ӺǸ飡
һɨۼ䣬ǿվɱ񸮶մкѩ࣬ʱڳϲãЩ˷ܵɫתͷֻǣȴǼķϵɫԲԣ˳߿ȥǼĸŮĴڣʱһϵļҲĳ
Ȼֻһ棬ǣǲ̵ȵˣȴС
һĵ
аһͬʱһĨɻ
ƾԲֻᱻɫԻˣĹڣǾɰİŮӣܹȥʱǰȻģǣҪ飬Ҳǲܵ顣
ԣп϶Ǵʲô飬ҲǾʶ
ڼ䣬Ҳ˷Ƶ״
񸮵ˣѵ
һĨ⣬뵽˵ʱ˵ģĸŮ
Ƹ磬߽𣿡
Сڷһʵ
ţ
ƻعɨŮһۣصĵ˵ͷڣһĨʹھΡ
˻ش𣬱õŮȻˡ
ߵ£ƲûǣֻǣҲûԤϵôһ
ʱƺҲоһֱǲ
Ŀԣǿ˫ӣ棬˳뼤ʹھΣЩ֮⡣
Ҳ֪ΪΣһۣǶ
ֻǣȴһĨɻ
˭ΪλɫԼ
ģЩϤǣԺУȴûйӵļ䡣
ֻһİ˶ѣ
ʱĵǶһ㺮˪ӱ䡣
ףǸϤΪʲôζһأ
һԵСҲǿ˷ڣʱ˫ǺһڣһĨɻɫ
ģȻҪλİ뷨

߽С֣ͷȥȥǱߡ
һ֮䣬ͷβķӦ˷УʱĵĽ븺𣬱ǻ˻㵡
ףΪ߿Լʱ򣬻ֿİ˵ɫ
ѵǵԼˣ
˵ߣ
ⲻܣ߶
Щʧ̬ҡҡͷţҪֱ߹ȥȷһ׿ô¡
վ𶯣
һ粽ƣʱǽüͷվ
Ƹ磬𼱰Ҳ߽ⲻأ
һԵο磬վҲ֪˵ʲôá
л׶ˣȻɻ󣬲װûп
𣿡
̧ͷڴϣʹɫ
оЩͷԼʱǣСεķӦȴƭˣǷӦǵаųǵһʱһģһġ


1348 ߶
ʥѧĸ̨ϣ˲жվ֮ǰ˷ֱ˻ʣģǸеԺ
ҲΪվ֮󣬳ϵʱͳȥֻصķ쳹š
㳡ƽԭϣһ˫˫ӣӰĿ⣬ǳ羴
˵ڸ־ᣬǣûʥѧƺԼԽִңңʥѧĹףҲ˿ģЩʥѧѧԱάһ
ʥѧΪ䣬ģޣλΪģǱӻ塭
˻ʸǺ׷ͯյ߿ڣƴ󣬴ǧĵõƺص˵ΪڵΪһܹϢĵ̣ͷ­ѪѪȾأһĻĻݿĻ֣еǷѪ뼤飡
Ӱ˼ΣȻѾ½ǣǲʧȥ裬˼ȡ
ڣʥѧ½ʽʼ
һƪݽϺ󣬺׷ͯյ߲Ǵ棬ȵĿʼ
ӵܣԿɲμӴ˴δȣȡõһߣܹ롮֮ءһ꣬ڶܹа˸£ܹа꣬ǰʮһ¡
ڽ֮󣬶ʱδʮ˶Ǽս졣
֮ءͬسһ鱦أţ鱦棬һգܹһĹЧ
ıأ
ȴֻʥѧѧԱʸ
ڣȴֻҪȡǰʮĳɼܹý롮֮ءʸʣܹŬأ
ңҪǣܹ½ȡǰʮĳɼһγͷصûᣬҲǸ󳬷Լŵĺʱ
ԣõδǷ
ڣμ̭˽㳡䲻óʮ
һ£㳡ȺǶеӿ룬е˳ȥû˭ʱŽҵ
ǵý˵Ļ𣿡
תЦڣ˸ӨӨˮ⣬õķƵ޲һ
֤ɵʦ񣡡
֤һʱڶĿ⡣
ɫ죬ѣȴҲΣ˭Լĵʦǿأ
ڣԺȲǣҪħƣҪӵܹභʵ
㳡ϵɧֹͣվڹ㳡ģһף۵СУǲ߰ҵСŮҲڣǾڶĿ⡣
Ŷ󣿾̥Уܵʲôز
ȴҲû˸˵ʲô෴ģЩڴԶ񸮵СŮʲôͣȻܹμ½ȣ
Ҫ֪ʥѧ涨ֻҪ壬δʮ֮ˣԿԲȣǣ˶֪֮ģ
ʮڣͻƷʥ磬ôΧʸûУҲûվ㳡֮ϣ
߰СŮվڹ㳡ϣѵ˵Ѿ߱ʥ࿹ʵ
ЩţʱǸˣȴһԵãվƺʤȯգ
Ҳǳʱ䣬ѩֻضǹкƣǿһЦֱȥ
Ů״Ҳûйѩɣǿ첽ȥ
֪߱ضǳʲôˣ
л׶Ϊ֪еԵɣԣҲ֪òòֻ֣վԭأ̬
Ǻܲף½ķƣôʶ񸮵أ
ѵǿϱˣ
л׶¹ضһۣ¶һĨŹֵЦ⡣
УǾԵķӸ磬Ůƣɷˣ
ڣǿ˼Ůˡ
С治
¹һ䣬Щֻ˵ҿŮôðٺ١
ΪʱķֱԼ߹ߵɫֱǱĿ⿴Ÿ̨ϣĿбӣֱ˷ơ
߶
ƴЩĺĶڲţڣʹǸΡ
Ȼһ˪ƺʱģɵһ£Ǵʲôһ¶һЩĸо
ƺһֱڵȴһƺһ
ԵСΣȴ˶תͷˮĴ۾һĨɫŷơ
ܾãǰƺԼһ
СΣǵ㲻ʶ𣿡
ͷƶʱǱϣɫ׷ʵ

С¶һĨɻɫȻڷʹĿ£ҡҡͷ


1349 δ

ִӷƿ˵ʱΧ˶ͶȻĿ⣬ЩԶ񸮵˸Զл׶һˣĿɿڴ
ҵĹԹԣû𣿵ѵ˵СǷСӵŮǸǷСӵӣ
¹ؿţ¶Ǵ͵ɫ
⻹Ҫ˻ôһŮСӳϹϵãȻŮΪˣ
ЩԾ˸ʶ֡
л׶һϵϷ֮ɫе˵
ѩĮڽ̸ѩ࣬Ҳǻعͷһɫֻأɵŭĵһۣǿƴʱڱ¶ǳһ켣һ֮ͼ
֣ǵĹϵӦúܲŶԣôܲʶأ
ãǳȥ૳Ҳ¶ɻĿ⡣
ѩĮȻ
ʲôˣΪڴ˺
վԱߵǸΪӣƺ֮󣬺ܿǷӦ˹վ֮ǰˣҲƵĶŷʵٲȻԵ
ʲôˣ
ȻӵܵĹϵⶸȻһɷӣӡ
Ȼ֪Ƿʲô飬õĸŮԼǣ⣬ȴǿУǾԲ̵ģ
ǳ治ԣֱӽ֮ɱ
ʲôˣ
ǹһĨĻȣ̵ʲôʸѯңѵƾ˻ʸѧԱ

仰ʱΧһЩ˵Ц϶ĸࡣ
ȷΪ񸮵ƣ⼸½ȣ񸮶˻ʸͷϣԣŻ˵֮Աǡ
ʱߵ춯ҲĶ˵ע⣬ڸ̨ϵλУҲĿ
˻ʸλ׷ͯյߣüͷ΢΢Ȼû˵ʲôȴƺҲǶԷƵΪѽ⡣
ںɽ翼֮ʱ˵У˽⵽˷ƵԣҲɻ󣬷ǲŪˣ
ٺ٣
ǻűϢ΢΢һ䣬зϷʵЦ󣬵ǣ̨ϵ˶ܹһʱõ˻ʸɫܲÿ
֣ѵʶŮӣ
վҲ¶Ŀ⡣
ʱֻ˽⣬ƵĿ֮ˣԺĳɾͶǻ𾪣
ڴع죬Щ˵ֻǱʲôӡ
ߣ
Ƶ΢΢ɱӿ
߽㣬ѵ㲻ʶƸ𣿺Ƹһֱ㣬ֻûҵѣٹֺƸ˺֪ƸΪ㸶˶ŬۣĺۣͱĥƸ˺𣿡
һԣȰ˵ţۿ죬Щʡ
ΪߵˣܹĿѩͫһЩͷ뵣ǣֻǣȴû˵ѡ
ĸŮǱƷλģֻǣһֱȴûѡ
룬ҴڱıԵĸŮֱ˽ߣǸʱķƸǶôľ뱯ˣ
ֻţǱǾʹԣڷǧ˳ġ
Ϊ˽⣬ԼܹߵһжôĲףǲ÷ΪԼѹ
Ҹ֪˵ʲôҲߣ
ⷬһǣɫȴΪȵĳƺɨ˷һۣеĮ˵ֻĵˣ˵ұͲʶʶҲܻһ𣡡
˵գҲһۣСΣߵһԣڷҪ׷ȥʱЩ񸮵ӵܣΧƵĿ
رǸӣ⻰֮ܲȻĶ˶ƺʲô
߶ǲǳʲô飬Ϊλ᲻ʶˣСΪҲʶˣ˵Ǿʲô
һʹĿǵӰһɴ֮УҲЩ˻ƣһ˫ӶǺѪһɷһһ
ܻɣǶʹʲôֶΣʱһɲŭҪǰЩ˾ɱͷ
񸮣
ɺ⣬õĴеΪ֮һ
ݵſ񣡡
ǿǰڣһĨͷ׵Ĺâǿǣȴǧɱû˵ʲôߣҲûʲôΣҵδ̣
ȥȻݹ飡
Ļӵı䣬Ϊ治ԣҲԻᶯ֣ǰƽļһֱӶɱ
ߵôܲأ


1350 ж
ʲô
Ǹδ֮󣬷ƵͷͺǱըһ죬ըǻ磬һɱҪһеɱļӶͬʱУӡˡڣҲɱɣڣԪе췣Լ궯
꣡
һɫĵ绡ıŷɭ׵ɫĲرӶĴɱõĲ
Сӣʲô
һըװҵԺը죬ֱӾͳɱɣõķڻָһĨ
ǻδޣ㼱ʲô
ϵŭ쳹
ֹһĿֳܾϴɱ䣡
ѰСӺأ²ǣһϳ£ǻʧأÿζˣõķָ֮࣬еЩο
ϾˣűȽζ֮ԶԷ⣬ҲΪ㣡
ʦ𣿡
һƵǳȥҲΪ仰΢˿
ȷֻδ޶ѣ
ΪܵĹϵҲͲһˣ
ϣûоɴԣҹƣĸŮӦĳ涾ԣŻʧȥ䡭
ϵҲǴһĨŭȴҲЩǡ
ⶾ񸮣ɲǺöԸģǶִˣԷƵʵȥˣǽ˻ʸϣҲ޷֮Э
ж
ۣڱǷһѪ˿ŷ
𼱣Խе涾ֻҪǻָ˼䣬Ȼͺðˣ
Ȱ˵š
ũҩ䣬µһҩ䣬ܹΰٲ򶾣
԰
һĨ⣬ֻǣȴ޷ӽĸŮ޷жϳҩԡ
Ƹ磡
춯Ůǽŵ
Ҫ⶯ֱ֣Ӿǽ񸮸˰ʱ񸮱ȣ˻ʸҲӻ
ǺˣΪҶǰҰ
񸮵ĸˣһŰߣŷƺʣǲơ
үү˼˻ʸѧԱݣѹǣǿɵﲻֻأ
ǿЩĽӿڣУŨŨĲм֮⡣
û˻һֱԼʾ
˻ʸƾ֮ţһֱռʥѧͷ֮λǣ綾񸮣Ѿȫظ˻ʸӣ
Ϊʵ˵˻ʸκβ˶񸮣
ô߽ҺƸӣΪʲôҪǲϣ
۾Ҳ޾ŭģϾȻ֣һŮڳһɺ嫵ѹӣϢѹһ
Ǿ֮壡
ԶȺһ׷ԲԵ߾Ե
ʲôȻǾ֮壿
˾ǽСһ˫˫ڶ¶˼ɫ
һ壡
ʱڣΪôһλ֮ˣԲܹȫסӣ
oȻйߵģǣĸȴܼ
벻֮꣬Ȼܹ壬޺֮
һڸп
֮ĸ̫ǿֱܹԷһܹѹƶԷڴģսУӳֱܹӰȫ֣
ԣ֮˶ǶɫˣǾĸˣ޸ɱ񸮣϶ǲܱ򶨡
һӵˣֱӿ˵ǽʵֱӱ
һ鱦һ޼۵Ŀ
ԣǶ񸮵Ǹ֮ˣɫҲЩ̫Ȼ
λ˵ĺĸŮҶ񸮵ˣûκιϸϣԤҶڲ֮£
˵Ը⽫׵
ϡٵ䣬֮壬ѾǼΪˣټ丨ĸҪ
ǵɣҪһЩΪѶ񸮣Ҳ£
㡭
Ůŭͬ顣
ңҲ˵ĺ˲𣿣
ĴϣԸȥ
ףλÿ
Сλͷ˷һۣĶ˵ͷЩ죬Щᡣ
֪ΪΣвλѹ
˵
ȴֹ˵ȥ˸Ÿӵɫ
̣ߣȻҲǾʲô涾Բõʧȥ䣬ǣɸҸ
ʾŮ˺ǸߣǰһһֻҺҩԣָԶš


1351 
켶ҩʦ
ķָҺҩ֮ΧĴǱһЩ֮
ͨҲףҺҩԴʲô
켶ҩʦı־
̶ֳȵҩԡѾˡ
ȺУһλ˴ӵŵİ׷˹۲һ֮󣬿зԼĸп
ʲô
仰ں˶Ǳ㵵ľ
λһλ֪켶ҩʦڳ˶ʶûмκһԵԣһֱһЩǿԸӻİȫ
˵켶нҩʦ
仰һ֮󣬶ʱǺһľϯȫһʱڣƣֱӾͳΪȫĽ㣬Ŀ
ôᣬûʮ꣬ȴѾﵽ켶н׵ĵز˭˵ûٽһĿܣ
ٽһǿɾ켶۷壬Ҳҩʦļޣ
˻ʸһ½ѧԱУȻͬʱӵо֮һλ켫нҩʦ
˸пõһЩ˵ɫܲÿУĸ϶ĸˣҲһĨɲľâ
˻ʸį֮ʣɲҸȼȻµĹ򣬶ǰ
ˣ̨ϣ˻ʸĴǶ¶һĨǳǳĻȡ
ߣǸ֪ڤǣٺ١
ģл׶ˣжǻš
ڤ¼𾪸壬Ӱ̫ǰ֮ˣصİŮӣǶ˿ԺӵĴڣ
˻ʸȥҹʦǣȴһֱûдϢԣ¼ǣһֱС
ݵú˵
ǰƺЩ߳ŭŭŷƣɱ֡
һԣǿҲһĨңȻ䣬ʹɫ
Ϊ켶н׵ҩԣЩ붾ҩ򽻵ˣѵ
켶۷ҩԣңģǻãҩԺܲ򵥣вӵҩԳǵ
йǣ÷ȥԣǲͻỵǵĴ
ǲǺ˵Լ
۾ֱŰߣ˿ȴл䣡
ΪԼ˻ʸѧԱҾͲҶ𣿣
ڣʰ֣һڴǻԵķ㣬Ƣ˲
Ҷ񸮣
Ѿɱģ˻ʸ˺ҲҪնɱһεĶŷȥ

ʱһĵЦͻأƺĳħ˶һУڸ̨˻ʸλԺҲ΢Щʧ̬
ҲЦУߵ˼ɫЩ׵Ŀ߹̡
ͷΪԼĳ󣬾Ϳ۸ҵѧԱȻҽĶëһε
ȻɴһĨЦ⣬ǣڰУǾһŮɲһ
ǺˣȻҹҶ񸮵£
̧

ЦĺܿģʲôȤһڣ˸ӨӨ֮⣬ǣһǳǳĻȣҲˣҶҵѧԱôӣһὫƤȻ͹ըҹι
嵭Цǣ˶ڣǶɭǣɵһ󺮲
ʥѧĵʦɶǷ֮Ű߱ˣ͸֤ʵŮʦӵвʵ
ʦ
¹رһһģ۾ͨ졣
Ǳжİʱ̵Ű£ɱһãûô¶ġ
ԭĵʦȻлӵһ档
㣡
ֱ߱ȴ˵
ţһĪͻأһǣԼһ
ԣŲ̶ֵŸɣ
̸ûȥֱĸŮȥ
֮ӸһЩƬ̣ǽĿЩĿԼСϡ
ССǣĴ۾ֱ㶵Ŀ
ǸСɰҺϲ
СŮˣ̸ǽЦЦоĳʱƺΪ죬ʲôĵ飬ƫͷŷ˵ʦڸ´һǾǲʲôֶΣҪСɰ켫Ժ𣿡
˺Ľ˵ʱõĶһɫЩÿرǰ뿡ӣЯŷŭ
ף
дϲ¶м֮顣


1352 ַ
ڷҪʱǰȴһεǰеĵ·ϡ
λ£Ҷ˻ʸλʦȣѵǿҶ˳Ȳɣ
ˣը죬ȫ
ȻҪΪ˻ʸ񸮣ԲŲȡֱɵֶΣͬʱҲڰ˻ʸ񸮣
һʱڣеĿⶼǼƬ򣬹㳡ȺҲŻתעߵĶ̬
ȷʱбɣⲻ˻ɣǲ˻ʸһֶˡ
ǣ˻ʸĻɨأΪ
ֶΣȻư
̨ϣĸĸó˵ţмƲһߺ׷ͯյߣõɫһ
˭Ҳû뵽ߣȻֱӽìͷ׼˻ʸ
󻤷ˡ
΢һԥԶＸ䡣
˻棿
߹ž޲¶һĨݣȻһǣȴҲ׽ˡ
аٷ֮ʮİգ
һĵ˵ͷ
һʱ׷ͯյ󻤷ǵڱ΢һɣ羪ƥ
˽ˣĸ޸ĸˣҲɵһ׷ľǶ˵ʲôõ˵
˻ʸλԺǶһۣǲȻ
ֻϺ꾿ڸʲôѵҪ˻ʸ붾Ϊ¶ַ
˻ʸԲһ£˫භĽΣ˻ʸ˳ʥѧߵ̨
ϾȻٴιİ˶ǵȴţ˻ʸѡòѡ붾ַ
ĸֻЦҲϸĥ¾ʲô֮ͬ
޸ĸˣĿⲻʱķڷϣ˸Ϊ˲֪Ĺâ
ദʱһˣΪ̫˽⣬ԲŻдǣҲ²⵽¼ĺ϶ŲΪ֪飬ȻƵ²ϼһԲ˵ʧ̬뿼ǡ
ףжԲżǲ
Сͷߡ
û˵ֻҡҡͷ˸ãɫ
ѵԼʶ
ŲԶǻķƣӿһ˵ĸоЩìܡ

׷ͯյ߱ǻָƺʲôɨһһ߿ķƵ֮ٿһǴãɫĸŮǽĿڰϡ
˻ʸһйƽ֮ԣ½ȣֻҪ֮ˣʮԿԲ롭£ʦȻǷǣǣû涾ʧȥ䣬ôΪβأ
嵭û˿ĻǣȴЯһĪϣ쳹ȫġ
⻰һڣʱڶ¶ȻɫǾĸĸˣЩ˼Ŀƺǿһİһ
׷ͯߴʱһ仰棬֧Ƶ
ⲻڳ׵Ľ񸮸𣿣
ڸ˻ʸԾĹ
ȫȻЩ켣ȺеҲû뵽һ֮УȻջ
භԸģ
㡭
ߵԲ۾ĿĿȻЩ˵߿ĺãõĺܣҶΪ¹䣬죬ҵҪ˻ʸҪʲôֶΣԸҶ񸮣
Ҳף˻ʸĸѾƫ˷ƵˣѾ졣
лˣ
ƸмĳŸ̨ϵĺ׷ͯ߾һڰ߻пӷߺ޵Ŀ£ĸŮ첽ȥ
үү
ԵЩżǣȴֹˣʾ˵
켫۷ҩʦΣ
һĨɼĺ塣
߶
˽ǰϤˣڷֻǣİһĿ⣬ȴǱͫ¶һĨʹѹе˵߶ɷָң
壬㣡
ԥ֮ʣСȴһֻЦӯӯĿ
ĵ׾ãǰİ岻˺Լ෴ģУԼһ
Сζ
ϤĳƺƱͷЩᣬסСİС֡
Ļ죬ԭҪֹƷͫھΣ֪ΪΣľȻЩ
⡭
ķɫԽԽ
Ϊ֣Сθûжĺۼ


1353 Ķ
    ũҩ䣬Ϊؼһҩ䣬oִ֮ģ¼ҩΪϵҩ䣬ܹΰٲ򶾣
ԣоԵţܹһ涾
ǣСڣûзʲô쳣ĵطҲ˵Сβûж
ⲻܣ
ȻЩҡ
Сʧȥ˼䣬ʶԼ˵ܴô϶жˣ
ǣڷҩתʱ򣬲δ߶ٻĴڡ
Ҳ˵Сһ
״Ůл׶жӿһɲõԤУ̨ϣ׷ͯյüͷĴԺɫÿ
ڵ飬Ѿ֮ĸŮûбжĻô˻ʸ潫ɨأңἤ񸮵ŭ𣬴Ӷս
ÿһ˶Ը飡
ֻһˣһЦŷ۵СΣӨ˸
ߣ
ߣһͫһĨԵá
˻ʸԾĹ
ʱϵĴվڳϣ֤ʵ˻ʸ˵ʱ񸮣Ҫȡ˻ʸҲ˳ˣ
û뵽˷˵ջƺѾѾɹפʥѧ
ֻأʱѩһ£ҲŮߣȴõɱǸüͷһ
ǰʽԾ˻ʸ붾ֽˣֻôһӵݵˣ˻ʸվһڱԼ
һٶõĳһЩͷԾǰߣüͷҲźۼ塣
ɱ񸮣Ǿ˭ҲСһ˵֮£ûжܹɱϮɱˣ
Ϊڰʱڣɱһս½
ȻԶΪ𣬶£ǣ˻ʸɱ񸮾ԲǶ֡

ʦ⾿ô£Ϊûһ״
ҲоķͬѰԺŷ׷ʡ
жˣ
ϵص𣬲ѵϸͫףǷһȦͬɫ
⻰ƱǿСĴ۾
Ȼھϸ۲ʱ򣬱ǼСڵͫױԵƺһֻɵɫţң𽥵ĳͫӡ
һ֣ЩëȻһɲԤУ׷ʣʦʲôΪҾȻӦ
Ķһ涾ûжԣɫζҲ˵壬ܹӦõ
ڷϵĽ£ֶɣ;
Ķ涾֮һʵֶˣǣǷô˶ߣᱻֶɼ䣬ģȫʧ
ԷϵжϣĸŮѾжңǲⶾôٹʱ䣬ĸŮǰļľԶʧˣ
֮ⷬһɷŭǣҧţԸСǰʧ̬
ʦĶҪβܽ
⡭ЩѣΪ϶Ƴ涾ʱ򣬾ΪҪһЩ䣬ԣûнҩ֮˵ũҩ䣬ܹ涾ģֻǣ뻹ҪһЩرĲϸС
˵ţϱǽĲϸ֪ơ
֪ˣлʦ𣡡
ǿĳ˳ǣǰаСΣʹЩ޷ˡ
ǧ⣡
ޣǺӴĸŮ
ޣȻĶԲżС˱ɵ涾
˿̣ҪֱӸ
壬ж𣿡
СգŴ۾ݺȪõķԭðŭ΢š
ûµģ屣֤巢ģһκ˺ģ
¶һĨǰδеļᶨ
񸮣ȷܹģǣʱݣ˵ȫƾ֮һ㣬˻ʸȫ
ʱǴ㲻һУҲҪסĸŮö񸮴ߣǸһУ
ߣ
һһĨɣɭĵΣѾָˣ
ԼʲôзǳĶ¼˿ɽ⣬ԣǣ
һ̣˵Ŀⶼڻվķϣת֮һɫѾǱ䵽˼㣬ŰǿӣھǵĮǿһ
Ǵض񸮵Ǹһѵûи˵𣿡
ƵǳһĨĻȣл˪


1354 ˵
仰˵ЩĪ˶һͷˮŮѩˣ̨Ϻ׷ͯĵȣɻĿ
ݣ
ʲôݣѵһĸŮʲôݣݻܸߵĹ񸮣
ԲܣҪ֪ʱĶʵ˻ʸĸŮ޸ĸĳ׵գҲֵöι˼ɣ
񸮣Զ£˭ȥǣ
ʱڹҪ̤ƽ壬񸮵ϳ֮ʱƵУɼǶŶжôļɵˣ
˵񸮣򣬾Ͳһ
涾˷ʤǾֻ֣Ҫ˿ŵ꣬϶綾֮µoȱȽǣ
ֻǣߵȴΪһ仰ˡ
Ϊ񸮻֮һȻ֪ĸŮ·ݡ
ȫһϣֹ
λֻһĪĻѣ˽⣬ԣԼĿ֮£Ƕ˽ģ
֪СεʣСŮԺԻΪƿض񸮵Ĵڣ
ܹĶأ
ĶֶܹоͿɵһ˵ļ䣬
ԣĸŮ£ǽ涾ͶǵʳﵱУյǵļ䡣
ֻǣʧǣ߲еɷСҲЩܣʧȥɶڽġ
֮ǰ˶ξƣڣõɿڣӦδޡ
ֻǣһἰٰ߾ͻĪķҲ޼ƿʩԣҲûжĽȡ
ʱѣǼ𵱳λµĻ
ѵ
һܿͻָиӿɱ⡣
ʱѾûлͷ·ˣ
ҲѾˣңĸŮʧλҲûпܽǵļָ
ڣֻҪǰ˲ȥĸŮϣǾһվɣаأֻҪˣԺڶ񸮵ĵλҲȻ
ѾǶ񸮵ĻһѾٽһǣСϣϣ
ҵˣҲҶ
һĲȻȻƿУʱӱǱŷɱﵭĮûаУǸ߸ϵˣڽһ
ʲô˼
ЩǱǿѹߣǱҶ֮ˣңϱֻΪʱʧȥѣûжȻ켶۷ҩʦѵܹΣ
ʲô켶۷ҩʦ
⻰һʱںһʯʱͽǧ˻
켫۷ҩʦѾļˣͬʱسʵĵȼҲ˵û¶Ȼ켫۷ҩʦΪβܽأ
Ѿ֤˻ʸˣ׼˲ʹıӹƣ
ɨ˷һ֮󣬱ٴνìͷָ׷ͯߣҪŭӶ˻ʸʥѧ
Ķ
һɱӡ
Ѿȷ¶ˣǰߣ
㣡
֣תЩ߳ŭһ˫ɭ˸âɱȻʲôڱǰѪˣ
ǹ˼һԵֱ̣ƣףԼ֣ùĿ϶Լ
ʲôȻĶ
һЩһﶼǾھȣ仹涾Ĵڡ
ഫ϶Ϊİ֮ȥʹΪȴһμ䣬ԣ涾
涾˷֮Ǿûκε״ģǣǰļ䣬ȴǻʧȥ
涾¶֮ˣǾϲˣҼΪݶСӶϷŹ
Ҳ֤ʵˣСŮǲȻΪ־涾Ϊλϣ
϶ݣ˵㣡
Զ¹ڸߺһ˶˹
仰õһЩĪ
⼸Сӣ˻ʸ½ѧԱʲôݣܹвõ񸮵Ļ
⻰Ҳֱһ˫ھɱ⣬ҿǶǻĲͷˣ
ʱЩ񸮵ѧԱҲΧһԲϾҪļƣ
ƾ𣿡
һ۷֮¹عмƲƲ죬˵ڤĹǺһ塮ɡ֯Ҷ˵ֻСƨ


1355 أأ
ԭЩĳϣһʱڣΪ¹ͷĻģȥ
ǰڤڷ飬Ѿʲôˣѱֻǣȴһֱһҿ
ֻ֪жٸˣŮʵңʥѧڵĺʦȥģ
ǣͨ׼֮ˣ
ȫԶһ˫˫â˸˸Ӷһɨš
޲ǵóһ˵Ľۣ
һˣڤЩǣһģһ˾Щ仯ʣ䣬ò涼ûвأ
ʱϣ˵ʼ٣׶ɤˣҲǱļһ˫˫ͫҲ¶𺳵ɫ
ʱĸˣ˺׷ͯյ⣬û˭ֲܹݣ
֯ʲôĴڣ
ǿʱڣеһͳ½Ĵڣ
ûˣûκܹ֯Ტۣ
ǿ˸ŽĴڣ
̫֯Сˣͻӵ
ԣʱϢһ˾޴ĺ䶯ֻǣȴûܹҵһ˵ĴڣĴУȻǰȥѯʺ죬ǣûеõκδ𰸡
죬ǿҪŵرϣ˵˭ұ
Ҫ֪ڤ촦֯Կɼλʦݵλˣ
ͨ׼ԡ
ٴοƵʱⲻɵһ
Ϊ񸮵Ļôܲʱڤ飬ڤǴ¼ǵĿ֮ǱЩֻŵ˸Ϊ˽⣡
İϣѾӹˣţǱǴѾɹĿ˰ϣ
ˣδĳɾ޿
˼ɵģİʣվǸˣ
ƾƣ֯ʲô
û˸ȥ
ˣ˵һССĶ񸮣Ǽ壬ֱշ˭Ҳֹˣ
㣬ڳˣֻ֪ǣ˭Ҳû뵽ˣȻվǰ
رðĳϵǣԼȻպվĵж棬ң֮׵ĵˣ
뵽⣬ǰһڣͻ˹ȥ
ⲻǹϵ
޸ɫЩأҲûжı仯ĸĸˣɫЩÿˣ˸
Ϻ꾹Ȼ֡
˻ʸԺģźϣ˵
ףϺ϶֪ƵĴˣңǰŮӡ
ǵĿⲻĿ̡
ƺ˲£ңûǷݳ֮⣬涼ܹϣ
뵽⣬Թأ
Ϻ̫ˣ
ߣҲ뵽ȥ̵ǰŮˣʱһë亹վɫЩס
ײӲͷˣ
ˣһɫжѿˣǳ˼Ӭһġ
ȥǣأأ
ԭΪԼԩᣬʱоǿ⡣
˼ܹһ˶֯ˣԼƨ
ɱ񸮵ĸˣǣȴǹһǳǳĻȡ
Сӵ۹⣬Ȼ˵׼
ţĿվֻһԵѩϡ
˵϶Ȼֻɱ˵СӣܶЩ
ȥ鿴ĸŮǷĶ
׷ͯյ߶һԵķԸ
̨ڣʲô
ҲΪĸ㣬ŻͷԵ
Ȼһǰ;޵ѧԱҲԲΪ֮붾񸮳׽
ʱҲΪƵع⣬û˾ʲôף෴ģǶԶЩĬ
ƾưϵݣҲעԺĵ·һ·ֱ̹ͨ۷壡
˻ʸҪˣ
ĵλܹ
Щ壬ڸ¶ȻɫȻģǳԶȥ
õҪϢǲҾˣֻһЩ󵨵ģ켣ȺУҪ֪ʵʵ
˵ȷĶ
ĸŮǰȷϣңҲһЩһһȷĶ֢״
ʱһңǿӸ̱ڵأʱһɶ˳
Ҫһ˵Ȼպض񸮣
Ƶӱ䣬ֱͱˣɱڡ
һݣعģ˶ر½ȣֻҪֳЩϵ׺ܿͻᱻ¶
⡭
ź˼ΣЩɬԭʢ˵Ϲ˴ܣµģ붾޹أ


1356 
Ķ˵⵱ûнҩԣ˶Ǻܺ棬ƾδ顣
ʱѾû˻˵ĻԶ񸮵ĸŮȷŮɡ
룬ԼŮ涾ԼֵΣ
壡
Ϊʹ飬û˿鷢Լϣ
ԣʱû˳Ҳû涾飬ֻǾ
Ҳе㵣Լ¶ҽԼĿȫгҪȫ񸮡
һԣЩзŭ벻ڶڶԼãҲԼΪصˣȻֱɵ
Լʧȥ䣬ɻ飬췹һнΪ֣˭Ҳ޷ı䣡
ҺãһδεȣദʱֱŤĸоһֱûдӦɻ飬棬һоȻƭ֣
һ£Ŀ⣬Ҳ𽥵ı
˻СӣĳȻ˴㣬СӣȻҴֵŵ⣬Ĳˣ
¹ֱӾ͵ǵıˣ̱ڵϵĿӼйޡ
һԶ˶Ƕ԰Ͷۡ
ˣԺ˭֮
һʱͿڸΪ붾޹أңҲСζݣԣ㣬ܹŶһ·
ߵͷЩ˻ƣһƬȻ
ò˵ĸŮģǣڶ񸮣ԣԸң
ƭӣ
СΣҲĿ
˽ɣ
ƵĻ䣬ǵĮ
ĺܺ£һûдĸŮμ½ȣҲټʱ˫Ѿİ·ˣҲûл֮
ȵȣ
վڸ̨ϵĺ׷ͯȴǿˣڷƴɻĿ£˵ȻѾˣ룬㼴ɱҲزʲôֲԼĹʧɣ
Ȼɶ񣬵ǣɱԺ˻ʸ붾񸮣ض෴ģǴȵķŹһ˵᲻ж£ǣΪҪһ㣬;Բ˻ʸΪˣң˻ʸţԻ˵õ󻡶ȵߣҲõӵ
ߣΪ񸮻˵λں׷ͯߣڶڣˣ֮࣬ʱô˭ܱ֤Щ˲ᱨڷƵΪʤ
ȥЩ˾ͲᱨҪǣΪ˴飬ڲҲһЩȨһģʱ͸û취ˡ
ҲΪ׷ͯߵ飬ʱȫ˿ĿͲͬˡ
ȣ˭ӵУ
ʱûпĶ˵ûһѹס˻ʸпܻ˶ܣ
ڳʣԼԲһ
̨ϣ޸ɫδ䣬һԾĸĸһ
Σһ¼󣬶񸮣϶ͻͦ˻ʸˣһŷ㣬˻ʸԭҡ׹ĵλң巶ΧڣҲֱӳ
˻ʸǿߣ߶߱ˣʢ
ھߵĴ֮󣬷ȻʣǣΪԼ룬ҲҪΪԼļ룬ɨ˰һۣΪ֮
ɱȷܹйޣǣͬҲ޾鷳ʵ͵ʤ
ԣڷƵУһҪٳ۷ֻҪﵽʥ磬䣬ʸ
л
Ѿű֮ģȴӭеĸо˵޷ǶһʯͷЩѵ³
Ķǲɽ⣬ܹҵũҩ䣬ܹһᾡȫѰҵģ
ڷתȥ֮Ƕ϶˵
ũҩ䣬ֻܼ̳֮Уû֮ôĶҲͳ˲֮
ûͣ˿ĸŮһۣǴŶһƿȥ
ʱ˵λΪλôһĪĻ
λѾ֪˵ĲԲŻԼ˲ⲻΪ˸䷽㣬˸
ϧʱԼܹ仰Բ˽Ļ£
߶
ת֮ϵı˲ͻΪУϵһھεɫ߶ˣԭ𣿡
߿һۣͷȥĬ
ʵѾԿ϶ǰˣԼֻǣȺƣвѡ


1357 ̭
μӴȵĽ㳡ģѸ룡
ź׷ͯһ仰㳡ٴɧ˳˽һ˫˫۾ʱĳͬһɨȥ
ʵģƵһعȻȻıͽǰŮˣ
ϾǶ񸮵Ļһȣǰ춯ҲңѾ˵ʵ
˻ʸҪˡ
ֻصߵĽ֮ȺУжǷп
˴Σ˻ʸȳɼΣĵλ˺
ĸɭ΢΢ţĿбӣȴǲס˸ţƺ˼Щʲô
ڤ壬ȻʱƿصܲɶѣǣҲԲСǰϣҲûһƴ֮ңռ˾ƣ
ʱ˼ǣ顣
¹ӡԣֻҪ黹䣬ôа취ܹӦĵȻҲһֱܹ׷л׶
սĹ֮ûйãǸӦ鳹׵ʧȥϵ
Ҳ˵ֻһֿԣѾˣ
ԣڷŷƵĻȷмţֻǣвʣŭ
ǿ鰡Ĵԣһģ飬ֱ˹ϵ
ֶؼ֯ҲҪΪ֮
ʣܹ
սĹ
ɭһ鴤š
ƴ֮µһ˵սʥĹԴʥԴ۰νʵܼģ
ֽսĹرգҲ˵òˣ
ܹջأ
һҪǸۣ
һ㺮⣬ɭâ˸˸
һԱߣӰȴǵĶ࣬һͷѪĳһѪħɷӣȴǹƽƺʤȯգΧһжҲǣ벻ۡ

ǲ˵õķɫЩȻ籾˵ЩʲôȴΪֹ
ʱ˵ʲô޲ңпܻ𵽷Ч
СŮ
ѩѩĮڶ¶ɫƵĿֲͬˡ
˵ĸҲ̫ۺ˰ɣ
壬ĵ𣿡
ǣСֵСаĴ۾Ȫ
Ȼ
ƶȥڿڵ쳣֮вһʹɫȻϵЦݺǿ
ҲˣǣΪʲôǼǲأ
Сͷɻʵ
ζзΣ֤һСζģ
ƾ֣СŮǰķġ
ţ
СŮСſЦݣߵһ˫۵С֣ڷḧţѹˣζԺͽòã
ãá
ƾñͷЩᣬһѣС§뻳С
һԣŮĻ۾ģ߲ͷ¶һĨӵɫ
Ҳ֪ΪΣķģоȻ̣ƺҲʹ
߶ζͱˣ𣿡
Сվ棬˵
⵱ȻСεʵǣСεع⣬಻Ҫ鷳
ͬʱҲѹҪһԭ
ϾС϶壬ⶾ񸮣綼鸽֮£
ţ
һۣ΢ԥǽӹСΣվڹ㳡֮⡣
̣㳡ϵɧƽϢվһԣЦӯӯʱŪСΣСŮĲ˵
ԹŹ֣׽ûܹ֪Щʲô
ټĹ㳡ûվ˶˳ˣվڹ㳡ϵģȻ࣬Ҳǧ˶ѣǣÿһԸ󳬷ǻĪºպһ
̨ϣλɨȫһۣߣһۣ΢ĵ˵ͷ
½ȣʽʼ
׷ͯߵ쳹ȫ
һ̭
ĸվ˳֣һöö壬׼ȷվڹ㳡ϵÿһС
ˣ
Ļ䣬һĵУ㳡Ͽջ۳һµĴУҪɡ
УֻһͷޣԻ޾Ϊ׼ֻҪռһöˣܹͨһأͬûռ˵ģᱻ̭
ĻＫΪ䣬ܵĮûʲôУܵɿܵΣգֻҪе壬ͿԷع㳡Ǽס𣿣
סˣ
Ӧս졣


1358 Ե
̭νпᣬȲ˵Ļ޵ȽΣһ㣬ֻһͷޣһһöˣҲһٸܹͨ˶ѣ
һַʽ˵ҲЧ̭İ취ôһһҲʣһٸˣܹõ˵ˣҲԻǧ˵Ϊģѡǰʮͼˣ
ˣ
ŴһһĪͻأֶ£ֱӾͽ㳡ϵһǶ˽ȥ
ԭĹ㳡ϣһ˲ʣϵҲʧԶһ˫˫â˸˸𣬶עҵĴУƺڹ۲Ķ̬֪һС
һԭʼ֣죬ձڣһ󣬶ƵˣǳһƬдеɭϿա
ৡ
Ƭ̣Χ˻ӰУɶԣ׷׳˷жȥ
һͷޣɲడǱˣʵˣҲᱻ̭
򣬾ǹ򣬲ɸĵģǷƣɭ֣ǵòˣһᷨ⿪
Ӱ΢ɨһ۷һȺˣһʧʡ
ߣ
ɭ޺޵ɨһ۷ƣҲûдˣɨһ֮󣬱ǳӰ෴ķжȥ
ɱ񸮵Щˣֻصʾ£ҲǸȻȥϢ
ৣ
뵽֮󣬷Ƶһ鲢ȥѯѩ࣬ѩĮѡλǽеĳŶ˳һ˫ӣֱֱɷȻ
˵˵Ϊʲô£
ɭ䣬Яŭ
һ̣ϵ뽫һֱӴж˿飬Ȼըԣ
ĸŮʧ䣬õۻصǲйȥйͷ֮ޣѽ
СͷգűʯĴ۾ĿŷƣһԼܴʲôģ
Ѿҵ˵Ļˣ
۾˸ΣյĹâϣһɭٵĵ绡
ѽ
ʱԭװģС򣬱Ǳȵβ͵èһɫëǵзʲôһġ
ԭҪŮȣǣŮʱҲװûпƲͷȥ
Ϊ֪ƴʱضǼΪ⡣
ٺ٣ˣ
ƿзëȻЦһԵ¹ص˶ɵһЩ룬ƺѪὦԼϡ
ѽ
ĻСεĴԴһɥ
ǰķƵȷܽôڣӵ췣ķƣȴһˣ
췣ܹһ˺շҲ⣡
Ҳû뵽ǼһĸŮȻñ˶¶ΪƣֱӾͽĳ˺ϡ
ⲻںԼ𣿣
ѾѾģһҪϳ
Ӧ֪ҪʲôĻ񸮣ûдڵıҪˣ
ݺݵĵһ֮󣬷Ʋϵĵ绡
ৣ
һСһֱ̣ʧ٣Ǹûдڹһ
⡭
Ƿ˵ĻСı֣õл׶ֻصһ㵵Ŀ
ûдڵıҪˣ
񸮣ǿʵ˻ʸĳȻڣƾʲô˵仰
ѵΪǰ֮ˣ
Բ֮Ȼ츳춼ҪĴʼɣǣƾһ֮Ǵﵽ۷ĵزҲԲܽշ
Ůӣ
ȷȥǣ˶Ǿãⲻʱ˵仰ĵƺţԼܹշƽ񸮣
ʦãʲôˣ
ѩĮѩ࣬ʵ
ԽദԽǾ̫أ϶һԽԽ

ѩ죬ҡҡͷֻʦ֪
ȷҲǲֻ֪ǣڷƼӡ֮ǿһЩߣ֪ܵƾһ֮
Ŷ
ѩĮһĨ˼Ҳûѯȥ
λڿǵˡ
ĺ˿ŴŵǵŮȥοɫƲǶʵ
ߣ
ѩָһ˱ǿٵжȥ
ʦڣȻǼΪʡ£һʱ֮ǱǼһֻ޴׷һȺˣʱģ˲ʧԭأЩδģһ˫һȣֱӾĳѪĻᶼûУ
Ļ֮жǷС
һͷʥĽ׵޹Ӱ񣡡
ѩĮѣõ¹صһ


1359 ˵Ĭ
һͷɫĴ񣬻µǴһ⣬ɫɵһ㣬һּӲɴݻٵӾһһɷֿɱУ߽Բ
һ˫֮ľһչʱ·ĲľǾ٣ɽʯѣɼǿĳ徢֮ϣһɫ磬ǿ٣֮Ƕʥ׵Ĺ˫֮£Ǳֱշ
õģܹӹһ٣ʵ㣬Ǿͻᱻ˼֮ԭʮˣֱӾ壬ʧԭء
δȻҪǣҪǲԸգ
ʲôʥĽף
¹صԲ۾ɴ̵ģıɱ
һ˵УҲǷʥ׶ѣ澹ȻַʥĽ׵ĻޣѵҪϾɱ
ƵҲˡ
̭ҲԼǰô򵥣ǰⷲʥĽ׵޹ӰһܹԸ˵
ԣҪȡþˣϼѣ
ౣ
Ҳ¹һȣ޹ӰĿֱӾߣһ˫һչ磬ֱӾͳɱ˹
һ·ϣռһֻǣⷽռЩһԣûѿ
Сģ
Ƴһû˵ķԪӳ֣ǶѾϣʱƴǡ
˿ٵķӦõѩֻضЩȻ
ϵ̫ĬˣѾԤϰһңֱӷɢԷֹȷ磬л׶¹أϮʱҲǷӦ϶һɫĹΣɭ׵磬ӭ޹Ӱ
ӡ
ûԥֱӱ۳ӡ
¡¡¡
޴ӡ۳֮ضˣַ⣬ˮһĹδ䣬ٻһֻoһһɺ嫺ƾϯõǳɱ޹Ӱƶټ˫ڵڣ¶һĨηɫǼλһ
ӡ
һĨâ˿ԥ۳ӡֱ֣ӳ񷷭£޹Ӱ
ౡ
޹ӰзһصĽĳɣһ˫䣬ȻһӰ֣ײơ
̣
Ӱײը죬ڽӴһ̣ͷǱҵıˣǣӰıըĳ£Ҳ˲ֱѿˣһɱŰϯ˷·ĴسһƬǽ岻
ʱ˵ĹҲѾ޹ӰϣڱԵһ˲䣬ֱӾͱȥβȡ
ৣ
ֻһĨ⣬ֱʧԭأڳֵʱ򣬱޹ӰԶ
ͣ
һͷѪӿϣӴͷʬ壬ҲȥҳһӣʥĽ׵޹Ӱһغ
⡭
ԶǼе˿ĻǵԲ۾һƬ˼ɫ
һͷʥĽ׵ĻްȻⲻϢʱڣͱնͷ­˵ֶδҲֲ̫˵ɣ

˷֮ЩһԼûٱŽҵֱ壬ʧԭء
ʥĽ׵޹ӰǣⷽڵĻޣԶˣ־ĻޣǺް취
ʮͷ޹ӰҲǲܡ
ѩ൭˸ǡ
ƥеĶֵʱЩʲô
ҪôҧӲҪôֱƵȴû˭뵽ҪԸԽֲŻ᲻ͬ
˵ǿֶѹ£ôܻأ
ţǸ߰ģ
ʦѵͦġ
ɨһˣף̵Ĺ͡
ۣСӣ찡̾磡
ͷն¹һǳȥڳ֮󣬶ֻؿ
һ̣Ƕûп޹ӰͷǾѾ
ͬ飬ǷԼϣԼܹĹ
뵽ǶǾò쬵ģһ񺮡
ɱ֯ˣȻǲͬ죬ɱεУѹ˵ɱ֯ˣ֪Լôģ
ϲֻʵ
΢һǷӦ˹ֻعֵء
ղһĻҲͿֹֻһĨ⣬ȴûпӦǲͨ鱦ȻҪƿ޹ӰķҲô׵ģ


1360 Ŷ
ƵĲ²Ⲣû⴦ĿռڣڵĻޣٶǷʥ׳̶ȵĴڣѰӦԣ
ߣҲͷʥĽףԣȻӦǣʮˣ߼ʮҲܹնɱģ
һ·ϣҾ粢ټҲֻǣϣ֮ȴǼΪֲڣںҹҲûаĬңụǻޱնɱ˾ͱһ
ⲢټԭŶӣڻޱɱ֮ԭΪ˵˱ǻɱֵıѣܻ¼ʬ壬Ȼһɢ
ֻ֮ûεϣվ᳤ã
ɵģ
ֳ棬¹ضһ䡣
ȻֳȻУǣǺٵģܶ༸ʮ˵壬ĻǱȽģ
ԭ򣬻Ϊǻʶ
һŶӣΪǿģǷʥ׵ģĽ׵ĻޣֻҪϣһһޣ
ΪĹϵޣҲΪ˱ȻֻǣǶԷƴĻƵҲûɱˣҲ御ˡ
ǿʮ˰ǱҪⷽʮ֮һĻޣɲһѡ

磡
ৣ
һ΢ƿΧضֱȾһ⣬ֺ죬ϼѪһ죬һӣм䣬һѪޡ
ǵһˣǣʱ뿪ʼǶ̶̵Ӷѣʱ㳡ϣҲûһվһˣµİУУһöȭͷСľˡ
ȻʱڣѾҵ˻ޣնɱȡˣ
޸ˣ
ԶȺ˾ϳӰڸ̨ϣ޸ĸˣǣ΢΢һǳǳĻȣһԵľĸˣɫȴЩÿֱӰƺҪҳһЩ
š
׷ͯ߻ǵڣһĨ˵ľ⡣
һͷʥĽ׵Ļ޾ˣʱ㣬˴ǻһңͽˣ
һʥ׵ˣܹսܼ򵥣
ৣ
ڲӰ£һӰ˳ʱΧ¶ȱǼٵ½纮һڤӰǳڡ
ٲȻǾĸɭУҲһö˵ĴڣǱһǳǳĻȣǣڼù㳡ǵ°Ӱ֮ɫܿ
û뵽Ȼ˿ԼеԵȻʱȻ޴棡
ǸԼˣ
ԭΪ½ֵڿȴôˣ
޸ĸ˲˵Ű
ԶΪ˶
ȻûԤϵʲôʽ̭ǣеľˣѾ˵һУ
˵ӣǸٳʱ䣬м˸˵ԼܹԽնɱ޵ģ
̶̵İʱڣǾϰ˴ֶ඼شѪ
ЩˣõΡ
ȻҲЩһǰνţҩζʮ㣬ֻǣȴҲû˸㳡϶ֻ֣ºݻǷ߷㳡
ӵо˵ˣʸԭأŶ˷ܵĵȴš
ܹڶ׶ΣûȡøõĳɼҲֵôˡ
ϾҲһǿˣ
ʱϲӰɭѾվжʮ֮ˡ
ףˣΪ˻ʸǰ֮˳ٳٲ
Զɻķʡ
ڤ¼֮˾ǵ֮ȻǷʥһףǣնɱһͷʥףĽ׵ĻޣӦò̫ѡ
ǣǣȻʱȥȴûгʵ˷ѽ⡣
ʱڸ̨ϵλˣɫȴǲͬ
׷ͯеڣһĨЦ⣬һԵλˣɫȴЩ뾪ȡ
Ž᣿
ΪңԶۣƽʢѾ֪һŶӵĺôˣ
ܸ幥ǵʱǲŽһ¶⣬ﻹĴڣ
ʱ̭УܹŽһ£϶ȵĶ飬Ҳһ
ѽѽô˰Ҳûлˣ
һ޼ʵɽ¹طŭ
ѾûжĻˣ
ѩѩĮҡҡͷһõϢ
ô죿ڲǲ߸𣿡
ǲԼͬģǵĿǼ˷ϡ
Ⲣ˵ʵ
⴦ռ̫㣬޷ֲϡɢѩѩĮ㣬ܹռö֮أ
öǹͬģΪ˹ƽץΰɣ
üͷ˵
ңҲҪˣøǰɣ
ȿˣڣһĨɲȻ
ҲԵǰʮ
ѩҡҡͷҲˡ
Ȼ
ѩĮŵЦЦҲˣץοɲǺð취ǰѷ̭ˣǿɾҪܿˣ


1361 
һͷѾ𣬲֮߱ڷع㳡
һƴⷽռ쳹ÿһ䣬ڶĿ⣬ţ˶ɫһ䣬Ȼ壬Ѹ˳ҲЩˣֱӳߵ˶֣ǿˣȻҲһЩǺ̸ܵž˵ķ䡣
ʱⷽڣ̬
ȻǾôɣ
С֣ģİοһǶ˵
ǰʮɲôýģ
ţǽ˷䵽ÿһ˵Уһͬ壬ʧԭء
ڷһ˳·ʱ򣬱ǿ㳡ѾаʮվȴˣʱΪһ˵ĳ֣ҲǽȫĿ⼸˹ȥ
ʮ˾Ȼӵоˣ
һʱڣϱ쳹һЩһ˫˫ڣǴžȵɫ
üһﰡʮˣȻɱʮ֮һޣĿЩˡ
ѩ࣬ѩĮЦЦ֮󣬱˹㳡վһԵȴš
˺гһĻһЩμӹ̭һƺЩʲô˸˼ɫ
ҲԼǴ˰ɣ
ʮϣһ˿ıһҪࡣ
ƣʵģӵлþ˵ǣʮˣɭ߲Ӱһô飬ܹþ𣿣
ͬɭˣҲΪԼ룬ӵнǰһٵ˾Ҳֹôһ㡣
ʱڳϣ˻ʸͨˣȻģⲻȻ
˵һˣӵˣȻټԺӵоˣǾʮһˣռ˳ʮ֮һ
ۣĸ޸ȴǸֻˣͨһ棬˻ʸƽʵѾ
ǣ϶ȴҲǲ٣ȻҲа˻˾ˣ
Ҫ֪һҲ˶ʮ˶ѣȻһ˾ˣ˵϶Բһյʡ͵ĵƣ
ʣµģǷԸһ
ȻⲢ˵ǵʵһĳѧԱֻǣǴڣҲȫʵ˵ģ
ʱˣ½Ѫ쵣ôһһ˼ʮϰˣ
ǿ
ɨһȫ֮޸ǰһл쳹˵ûˮֱǿĿʼ
ˡ
һ쳹ϣǸУֱӾͷֻʮӨ۶ɵ̨ڹ㳡Ͽա
ʮ̨סһ̨ǿԽǰʮ
䣬㳡ϵ˱ͲסˣһԾ𣬲ǼϢ֮䣬ʮ̨Ǳռݣң˴Ȼ졣
Ǻף̨Լʱֻһѡ
ʱǷƵˣɭӰǶûκζվԭأۿʮ̨ڵ
ܹߵһˣƾʲôֶȡõʸܵ˵ʵǲԣ˫֮Ĵ򶷣ҲǾ쳣õԶȺϵľסǵ֡
վ̨ܹ£
ǵ׷
ѽѽǵȰɣȥˣ
ű˴򶷣¹ǻͲסһ˱֮ѸٵԾ̨ڡ
үүһȭ
ڹһգƺƴͬһͷһɰСȭͷǳĶ˹ȥ󿪴ϣһ˫ȭͷҵ죬ռ飬ĶָæӦɫࡣ
ôһްķӣûоԵʵѹסǿɶҪԴģ
һַˣ
棬л׶ҡͷһܲá
ȻЩӵѵУ¹صõ˺ܴǣǵĳЩˣҲذɣ
Ǻǣȥɡ
һˣĺܺгֱЦСΣһǳǳĻȣһɨȫдеס
ڵ¹أƾʵƣл׶Ȼ壬Ҳеһƴʤ˲࣡
ʱʵĶ֣ȭĹ֮£ûзֵأһ·ˣײ̨ϣһӲ¹һȭҵײϣһѪ֮˱ǻ˹ȥһֻԿֱۣˣѪ졣
˭һս
һ֮¹ظĸǣȣҪȫǿߣõл׶ҡͷ֪һҪԿ
㣡
һһӰԾ𣬽뵽̨ڡ
ȻǣĸǸӣ


1362 
Ȼ㣡
ĸӣ¹۾Բˣŷ˵ľ⣬ǿԼһзЦ۹үүͿ㲻˳ˣſ㣡
ݵò񣡡
һĨɱ⣬һɭƣڱ˳ϣֱӱǲڶ¹ء
ȻҲǼ򵥵ˣȻôʸһ

ɬģһ˫ӱ䣬ʱһɰĴƱǾϯƶϣγһģһ˫ͨɭֱŲԶ¹أ飬
ɱ
һȣɾ֮ƣһ죬֮ռǲһƬƬѿҡҷŴ׳ӹһĺɱ˹ȥ
ĺã
¹زûа⣬ȻһڹڽɣнȭͷЯŰǴƣײ˹дȣԪ۰ȭ
һʱռ𶯣ѿѺۣȭͷϣоΣĿħɷӶ䣬ռ飬ѿ
¡
ֱӾͺڳɱľͷ­֮ϣʱǱըԶˣҲöۣţһɿ񱩵ľ磬Ǵڱ˳ֱӾͽ¹˻ȥ飬¶ʵļ
үүģӣٳүүһȭ
ͷЩѵ촽ڣȵĹâٴһɱȥ
˴սȥƾУ¹ƾϵƣ֪۵ޣһһεĳɱĸӽп죬ĻҲûУаԺˣ
һ壬ʱֹΪһգ񶼱֮ΪĲ壡
ڹʢ˲ѳɣԺ󲻵˰
˻˻ʸε½ѧԱвٺݽɫ
ϳ¹صʣʱõĳ˵ɫĺܲÿ
УǸڵĳӶˣ
壬ô᲻֪
ֻǣ˭֪һﾹȻң
ⴿǸԼܰңѳΪ˱˵̤ʯ
ֱӾõԭҪȸȥһسᣬҲͷ
ɲ鷳
ֱʤ
ֻǿһۣƱ֪ʤΣĿɨŸ̨һȴע⡣
һ׳ӣһһһѣǧѾĸȥ̨ûнһУֱǱѹ壬Ѫ䣬֮Կ
⡭Ȼƾʤ
һҪеʵ
һ־ǿ˽ӵ쾡£һ̨Ŀռ䶼ѣĶ֣Ҳᱻֱѹ塣
ǿᣬ£
ԣⲻǡ
â˸˸¶һĨɫ˿
壬ഫƿ˿ռ֮Բд˰ƣ
֣Ȼʥѧ
õ촫УһֱǱޣӦǴʥѧʱ䣬ϧ˰
Ѿʥף˴½ǰʮһϯλ
ԶЩУƵ֪׳ӵͬʱҲ֤ʵеĲ롣
ȻȻƿ˿ռ֮
ƴв˼飬ǰĻȷʵ
ഫֻƿпռ츳ǣǧ磬Ȼ治У壬һͷɱУȻľ͵õ˸Ŀռ츳˷ƿ˿ռܴ֮ʵ
˼
תŸ⣬ԡ
Ϊ壬ʾ죬ּ츳ɣ͵ƾǿԶ£
ֻǣƶּ츳ƿأȴ̫΢Сűز֪ã֪ôܼļÿӦսӲ֮ھһûп飬ûжɱ
ǰ壬ƿ˿ռ֮ѣӵ˴ƣ⳹׵ľ˷ƣҲʼ
ڼȵ뵽õȫط
Ҳ֪֮û˻ʸһЩʲô
¶˼ɫ
֮ͬƿͲţ֮û¹ⷽ似
Ӧò似ˣҲʥ
̣
ݺӣΣүүȭͷ㻹ɣ
һը¹زĴЦ쳹


1363 ϶ӡ
Ȼǣ¹زǿ֮£ˣ棡
¹һһͷޣ֪ۣɣָԼ̨ܳĸӴЦõ̧ͷûˣֱӷ˾ĸ
𡭡˭һս
ʤ¹ٴοûˣڤҲһߣнҪȺۡ
֪ߵغ񣡡
϶Ӫһŭȴ쳹ҰһӰͻأӰһ˱¹̨ڣѾһ˳
˼Ϊߴϣվһһ¹ز£ңϢȣ嫺շһС
⣬һͷڷ裬ͬo·һС
³çļһҪԿˣ
л׶һĨâЩء
ţ
һƬϾȼգһɼڣԴݻһУǬڵ¹ܹģ
壡
¹ƺҲܵвϵʱϵڹǸӵĹٴξĥһһף˸⣬壬ǸɣһֲɴݻٵӾţһɺƴǺһƣӿϯܣΧĿռ䲻ʱı㱻˺һϸСĺɫѷ죬Ϣ˫ġ
ʥ֮󣬵һֳĲ壬治ǵ۷ܹģҲ˵ˣǰ֮˵Ĺ˼ɣ
ٺ٣Сӣңǵһүүʥܵˣ
¹һǣ¶һŰɭɭݣһͷѵľһ
𣿡
һƬĮɫƺ˿¹طС
ս
¹ɫһһ壬ռѿα𣬻ʮӰ˷ſ񱩵ƣӳ˹
ɣ
Ӳмoˣмһˣֱ¹ǰһֻֻһһӡͣ϶ӡ
¡¡¡
ռը죬鿪һ貵ķӡڵ۶ɣһɽֱշһӰ
֮һ·վ飬ЩĲӰշɷĩһƥƣײ¹
飡
¹۾һɣȻʮӰٴηֳȴû룬һͬͬʱȭշķӡ档
¡
޴ǶʮŴӡһ죬ӡˣǣ¹ȴǱ̫սײһֱӱ׷˳ȥѪԶòҡ
ķӡȻһξ룬ǣȴδˣɣѹء
꣬ôݣ
վ֮󣬿ײĴӡ¹һƬȻ
ķӡɽڽӴһ˲䣬ܵһɾڣƺǹܹշ
ҾͲţӡܿҲ壡
һҧٴγȥʮӰͬʱȭٴλײ
ɣ
϶ӡȻԷʥʵ۳϶ؼ˲򵥰
л׶૳ƺڲ²ӵ
˵϶һλţ½ȡõһѵ˾λţ
Ӧˣ嶼ܣܣڰˣ
϶صĺûа֮壬ˣҲ½ȵһᱻȡߣ
Զۣõ϶ЩԵãƺѾʤȯˡ
ֻǿϧǣѾⲻ˻ʸˡ
۵һĨɲܿǻָ
ûзƵôһֻ֣Ҫ϶ʤ˻ʸп滻۷ˣ
ֻڣȴǹһ
һеԴͷǳһϡ
ȿȡ˲ˣ䡭
ʮαײɳȥʱ¹ؿȳ˼Ѫٴײķӡ䡣
̣
ֻǣȴûͣ´ӡ˼ڽ¹ٴײ֮ɢȥ϶ӡ
¹ײϣһѪȥ֪
֣
л׶ͷŭΪλô
ѵΪһƵĻ
Ҫȥǣȴָ
ৣ
һƱǳ̨ڣ¹ǰŲ⼸¹أҲһĨ
ʱ¹زνңΪһû뵽ӾȻὫ϶ӡײԣûֱ࿹ʱˡ


1364 Ѫ
ƤǰĹɷĩڣܵصĴˣѣֻ໹ãѪڼٵȥ
ⲻֹõл׶ŭ𣬸̨ϣ׷ͯҲһУɨһ۸̨µ϶ˣǵһĨɼľ⣬ΪѾ̨û˵ңֹҪġ
УȻûȷĹ涨ǣڶԷ£Ե£ǲٴνйġ
ǣ϶ӣȴ¹£ѾӡײȥҪ¹ص
ƿԿ϶ǻһˣл׶ô޷һײֱӱѣ
Ҳ¹أʷͬһ㣬ǿ
Уλµգ㱻ٲңֻҪѣʣһڣͿ¸գңӵǿ
¹ӵһĲ壬ȻҲˣԲŵһ
ߣ
ΪΣһһĨʧɫ
ȿȡ
켶۷ҩ£ǿᣬܿ죬¹رǿȳѪԺ۾ǰЩģӣĿ˰죬Щ˻Ƶ˵ףһţ
Ѿˣ
Щûһ䣬վתӣ
Ϊʲôԭȷ¹ؾǵһμӣǣԷȴԵ޹ʵ´֣õѽ⣬ˣҲûаøˡ
˻
¹زһǵϵ˿ٴαѪʹüͷ嵽һȥˡ
СӣҺݺݵΪֹ
л׶̧ȥʱѾǺݺݵĽţҪΪ
ģ
Ƶ³֣һƵӶվǿʵҺ֣ѵг𣿡
ûֻǲСʧֶѡ
һǳǳĻȣ˵Ȼ
ô
ƵΪɺ
£ֲ˫ƴôܻղסֵ˵
˻ʸôʴȡȣܻὫС·ϰɣ
ӹɻЩ˵ţԾʹųϷʵɫ
ƺԴ˻ܴ
Ȼᣡ
ڵĺڻһĨЦ⣬ֱѵұһλ̨ΪΪѧǳԣʧ֣ᣬ̨ҪĵŶ
Ǻǣ𣿱˴˱˴˰
һĨâƤЦⲻЦĿŷƣϵ
ƺȻ֪Ѿǰ֮ˣȴ˿壬оԵĵӦԣõĺܶ˶ǳ˼
ʦ
¹ڵϣίĿ̣۾գƺ뼷ֻǣһһˣȴû˿Ч
⵼ʦ˷СӣȻԼ
Ϊڣ³çҲ̨ϣô˰
ֻϧǼᣬ̴ʼնûг֣ңڻЦеĿзë
ŮʦҲϷС˰ɣԲŻ
ԺôͷȻҲãƺô¡
㿴ڳֵһɫŮһǺͷСӴϹϵģ
ԣŮʦϲϷƣҲ
ôôడ
һû۰˵ĺһ
С񣬾ȻһײͳˣԺҪѵѵ
ۣСźϣ
ˣһ¶ûУ˭˵µģҺõĺܣЦһײҺΣ
һ仰¹ػëԭҪһͶһ±վʹֱ飬ѪֱлţһԴǷ߿
˷ӦõԭЩл׶ֱۣҲȥСˡ
壬Ѫ
̱ŵСΣĵĸš
û£Ѫ࣬ţɣأ
¹һɫǼΪ֤ʵԼؿڣڵڶȥʱֱӵȥڵϳ鴤Ȼû°ĭҲˡ
㣬λû°ɣ
״Сδ󾪣ЩżĶʵ

Сһеģ̽Цϣİ˰֣û£װġ
Ŷ
Сǽٵ¹أҲµĵ˵ͷƺΪ˵ĺܶԡ
ϾղһҲܲңһӾվˡ
ĳ˾ͺܱߵıڽ䣬û˴Ҳûˡ


1365 ϶
ΪƵ̨ϣ󲿷ֵĿⶼתƵ̨֮ϡ
Ͼٶ࣬ҲֻǴţۼʵ
ԴʱЩ˶ڴŷƵʵչ֣УɭӰ۽ǵ⣬һֱעš
̨ϣԱȷƸһͷϣҲռϷ磬õǵĻĸˡ
˵ڤĹһѹ֯Ա
ڣʵƺܲΪ⡣
ǣ
΢΢һû˵ȭͷһգıϣǶһ㵭ɫĹΣӣ˿ռ䣬ΪģһۿɼɢȥͶ㣬죬ǴϹʱo£䣡
ߣ
һĨӣһƣ˵ҽ쵹Ҫʶʶ֮壬кԽ֮
ҡͷʾмƺ֮ˣĵ֡
ϣȷռ˺ܴƣǣڲǷʥһ׵ķƣжƣ
һķڷ
һһһĪƽ嫺УͻأľϯХΧĿռ䶼ǾѣڵУƣϢ
Ҫǰˣ϶ţȡ˻ʸ
еĿģڱصã
˻ʸڵƣȫΪ˵ĴڣˣҲ˻ʸɱ񸮸ӲᣬҲӲΪһ϶ͻûκκô
ˡò϶ɣ
Զʳ
϶ʱǽoĴڣ϶沢У壬ɼһ㣬۷壬˿ѹ
ţҪһնɱƣҽԼǿչֳ
ΧԼһ˫˫㵵Ŀ⣬϶ĸˣϵĵɫӵŨˡ
ҲҪģ
϶壿
΢΢һĮĻȣӿһɫһɼ񱩵Ʊɱ񽣴Χռ䶼ɱƣ̵ǧٿףֱӻΪһ
ɱ
˿ûԥ֣һڵľ޽У洦е绡˸ȣӡ
Уɱģξ϶壿

Ƹȶ֣ɫһƺܵһŭӡƽӡʱһ貵ķӡ۶ɣѹأΧռ価飬ܲסĴڡ
ӡ
ֻһƣɽӡշһеĴƣŷҪѹ
ɱ
ɱ˫Ѫڣ޽ٵ֮ƣӸ£ķӡ
һ̣˵ĶĿתĶһĻ

Ŀ֮£޽ӡ˫ײһ𣬾ȻŷǽӰǴ̶Ǳŷ
ǣӡҲˣһЩۼˣܹķɽһĴӡ棬޽ײĵطȻѿһѷ죬Ȼ࣬ûӡǣȴܹǿĳӡܵˣ
ôܣ
һѪӿ˺ȴǱ˻ȥһɫЩףȻٴαâҾͲˣ֮壬ֿܹסҵӡ
϶ӡ϶񴴽ؼܺƴ󣬴ŵУ϶ƾؼѹ˲ǿߣ
ʱʹҲһѹҲΪ֮ͷʹĲ壡
ȥ
ٴ϶ɬģķӡƣ˲޸ʱǱΪ貵⣬ǴɽŨĹą̂ռ䣬أ·һ㣬ѹпһĻļ䣬ȻǴ̨⣬ǣ˶ɵĵ˼ƺҪܿӡһ
¡¡
ӡһ޸ѹĺϰ˻֮ƣշ䣬ǷƱɫҰ𵴣ĿĹâ·㣬ַ·һɲǣռĲһ鿪ѣżѹŵƣըƣ
Ȼܲ򵥣
һûն飬ľ϶壬治ֻǾˣԣڼӡ޸һ˲䣬Ҳûԥɢȥеľ޽˫ͬƱһһֻoһĴӡ۶ɣƹ죬һ嫺룬ɽƾϯ̨ռÿһ䡣
ӡ
·ֻӡշʱڵoԶʱգ̽ѹ˹ȥ


1366 Ѫ
һ̣˵Ķһ˫˫۾ǿͬһ
¡¡¡
һֻڵĴƣһСɽһģ£ճ֣̽˳ײ貵ķӡ
¡
ư磬ɽҵײһ漴Ǳһ춯صը̨ûһƬ貵ĹâУڣռǲһ飬ںХϯշһУ졣
̨ڣֻһ֮£Χһжᱻݻ٣
ˣ̨ҲǱ죬ǺˣõΪĶǲˣɫҰףƺҪܿ
һּǿƣǵ飬õĶ
⡭
貹â΢ȥһ˫˫ڶ¶𾪵ɫ
ײһϣ޴貵ķӡûըѣ߽һըϵĴŰľ磬ǽԭ£Ŀռ䣬һε˺飬ѿ
Ȼƿ϶ӡ࿹ؼ
˾
䣬϶ƥĴڣеʣȻ޵
Ǵʱȴһ֮⣡
ܹأ
֮壬Ȼ鴫
˸̾һж鹦ڷƵİ֮档
Ͼ֮壬ƾ֮˿ס췣Ĵڣʵڷͬһ㣬ԲȾ壡
ӣ֮壬Ȼѹ϶һ
ʱǸѾǷʥףƣȴǷʥһ׶ѣ߾Ȼ֣˵ʲô
϶ˣǵĵɫҲϵһأͫ͸¶һĨ˼ɫ
֮Ȼ񣬵ǣԲܳԽ϶־壬˵ǰˣԲֹǰ֮ô򵥣
ʲôˣ
Щ˸ֻǣֳϣҲ춯Ȼ˵̨ϵλҲܹԵġ
СӣѾģ
¹ز֪ʲôʱ˹ĻǼĽкţǼģõС¶һȻ˵顣
壬װģ

ƴʱҲܣһδײУѪҲţֻǱǿѹȥѡ
ߣ
һٴη֣һֻڵĴӡ۶ɣƺƴҰ
ȥ
ֻһӣڵĴӡһսһײȥҵײ貵ӡ档
¡
ը죬õ˶ǶѪ˾㵵Ŀ£ɽľӡ棬Ȼҿһۿɼѷ죬Ӱӡ֩һԶȥƴ
ͣ
ſڣһѪ֧ӡƼѣѪ졣
ôܣ
޷ţ˾Ȼ֮ǿ󣬾ȻܿԼؼ
Ҫ֪ƾһУǺɨе֣ڣȴһԼУ·磡
ܣǰ֮壬ܿ϶壿
ţӿŭ⣬ĿЩ
ԼСӵУǸ߰ģƥģôһ֮壿
Ѫ
ϵһoڵߣһ貵Ѫ³
һѪ϶ľ裬ڣϺӳһĴѹѹأĲ񷣬أһѪֱû뵽˲ԶŵӡС
ˡ
˲ʱԭȥķӡʱͱһǿҵĹâҫ۾һĪƱһ˲䣬ǽ۳ֻӡˣѡ
¡¡
ӡڷ⣬ķһɽѹһУ΢һΧĿռѣһɺ嫺ӣǸ̨ϣԶ˶ƺѹЩϢˡ
̨ڵķƣȻ׵壬ѹֱӱǽƳȥ׾룬ɫףһѪ
ѵ
ˣЩݡ
־壬ڶѪҺҲĵڣƾѪܹʵǸ߷壬ټ£
ǣѪɶ٣˲ӣϡȥصλȻѪ
ʱҲǱͷ˵ǼУҪƣԣȻԼĵ̣һеҪɱƣͷΪԼ϶ţ


1367 

㳡ϣĸɭмƲƲ죬ȻĿѾƿǣȴǿ̨ϵĶ̬
һԣ޸ӰɨһۣûзʲôڣһĨ˼
ʱ϶ӣƺǱƼŭԲŻ嶯ʹѪǣֳ嶯𣿣
ΣѪѳ嫣ʱ̨ڶѹռҲϲ£ϵ飬ܲסǿѹĴڣ
˿ʱǷ䣬䵼ʦȣܱȫ
ǣƲûôҲûȵ˼Զվڸ̨֮µ̣Ǹûп̨ϵĶ̬һСζ֡
õһЩ˲⣬ѵΪֿܹסɣ
ƵķӦҲֱ֣ɢȥӡһ˫ӺΪˣ죬Ѫڷһɱƣھϯڿѹȡ
ǣɫǺܲÿļ䶯ѹһӴɽһͷϣѪէ֡
ѾʥףƣȻƿս֮ǣʱȴ޷⣡
սһδ۳ƣ
ꡭ
ս⣬ʵһĽ棬߻ײмĿռ䶼˺һѷ죬һֱڣ
ԣʱ˱ǿԿһڵѷ죬һֱŷƱƽƺֻҪѹȥǿɽշһ
СӣȻѪ
л׶ɫЩ࣬رǶѪΪ˽磬ڸ˸ŵǵɫ
Ѫ൱oѪҺС
ֻзʥΪƾһѪأ
𼱣
һԵѩһĨص΢Цο
ţ
Ļƺħõһʱǰࡣ
۵̫˽ˣ
ҵ֮²ɣ
ķƱȵĵӸԿˣвУϵ߷Ѫ̺ʱ̨貵Ĺâûˡ
Ѫһ˿֮棡
ɱ
֣һڵľ޽۶ɣϣն˳ȥסıƽ
ꡭ
˫֮䣬ŷ̶ƿռҲ˲ϵ飬䣬ľХϯ
ţ
ƾȻһĨ죬棬ҾͲˣ
ţļ֮⣬Ѫͬ޵еģԴշһеˣ
ǾǿıȣһֶζԵĲ԰û˿ã
ƣȻٴƾս֮
ββţ
ˡ
貵ķӡζһʵʣˮշ˿ռ䣬ŷѹȥ
¡
ͬǾʮأѹֱӾͽûǿ֮£貵Ĺą̂ռ䣬һ˿
֮壬
ĴЦ貵̨ڴ޵ĳ졣
𣿡
Զ˵ڶ¶𺳵Ŀ⡣
˭Ҳδ뵽ǰڤܣѹ֯Աİ֮壬Ȼתۼ϶֮£
ϰ
϶壬ڰ½Ҳʢ壬ԣ֮壬֮£Ҳ̫ԩ
ֻǣ֮һ˻ʸֻһε뾽У
ң϶϶壬շɱ˰֮壬ǻ϶滻˻ʸҲǲܣ
һʱڣ˶ƺһЩʲô
ƺ϶壬һʼĿ֮ˣԲŻʧ֣ƵķŭȻѪ֮֮ɱ䣡
һ˫񰡣
û
һЩۼˣǿ貵ĹâڣȻһӰĴڡ
ϵѾһɫĹθ֣һ˫ӳ죬ûаɫŻ뱩壬һһĴڣѳʵʣ籡һԼĿռ䡣
Σ֮£ڣսһĵƣõսҲܹӳʥ׵ܣ
ս棡
һּжߣӳܾж
ƿ
ּ䣬һ޽ֱӻǿٵһǽⷽ貵ĹĻˡ
϶壬
ŲԶǼĿɿڴӣһĨаȵĻȣе³ǵĮ
ⲻܣѵҲӵ
ϣ˾ȣƾȻܹɱ϶ڻɷƵˡ


1368 ѧǳ
ѹھѹɴݻһ˵
߲εѹѹֹܹݻһ˵ܹͷһѵĵزܼ
ǣĿ֮£ƥ϶Ȼƿˣⲻֹ϶ЩţҲȻڻɣǲӵиΪֲܹѹ϶ʣ
ֻһܹ͵ˣ
ǲ
ϸĹ۲죬ûڷϸӦ־˵ѹȣжϡ
ڤĹڣţ֮壬Ҳ֯ѹҲƿһؼ
˲룬૳
⾿ʲôؼȻܣѵƾؼɣ
Ⱥ˷ʣǣȴûܹش
Ƶı֣õˣڷƵڣûп⣬෴ģսӿˮһɱһУء
Ƕ޷⡣
ΪΣּ޵еѵôĿ϶Լ޵еĴ𣿣
Ƹ磡
ݵĴ貵УŮЩ
ϻ첻𣿡
л׶Ҳɵ˿еĵǡ
˸޷ӳƾģԼڵĴѪʱ˷һΣʣ¼Σ
־壬oŴ䣬Σÿһ壬ѪΪԼ֤ǣȴܵλԣѪս٣еգʣ٣
Ѫľɻط壬Ϊˣң϶һҲ׵ʧ䣬ڣ
ʹѪĴۣ
ԷڤɭŻᳰ
˷ѪΪ϶һˣ
յ̣ҲǿĻ

嫣շһУǣȴһ˴ɱ߸˵֪
ɣ
ŲԶϷʵķƣŭĿЩдһֱӽ貶ĿķӡƳշӣֱɱȥ
¡¡¡
ķӡͨ貣ɽշ䣬ռѣϳһĺɫβͣƹѹ嫺ϯ
ӡ
ΡȻ壬ڣս⣬˫󶯣ӡ۶ɣƳϢɹƣɱ
ķӡƣ죬Ŀ֮£ҵײһ𡭡
¡¡
سȥΧûһ˿ĩգһ̣ضһ̨貵Ĺâûˣռȫ飬Ǳ춯صıը쳹ʣϵƲʶˡ
ӡ
貵ĹâУٴδһ䳹ǵţһٴαը졣
꣡
һǲһͻأ쳹̨£϶ĸˣɫļΪѿ
飡
ֻܿһӰײ̨ϣһѪǻȥ̱֪
˻
ǿ֮޲ǵһ
ⱻˣȻǸӵ϶ӣ
̨֮ϵ貹âܿǻĳ̨ϵһУܹΪ˿塣
¡¡¡
һֻڵĴƣĴƣŨĹâУɱƶֱײصӡ
ס֣
Ļ̨£϶ĸ˾ֹ̨̽ӡ䡣
̣
ڱֻεĴסʱ򣬴ӡֱԼҵϫϯֱӱٴνӸ׷˳ȥѪ£òҡ
һɢȥ̨ϣƹһ㵭ɫĹһߣһߣ϶ĸˣڲ鿴ӵơ
δϣ
شӦһ֮˿

ֻǣٿǼǲƵ϶ڷѪ˿ŭ죬ɱӿֻ֣ǣŸ̨£˫гۣһͰˮ£ѹеĳ嶯ҧгݵĶŷƺʵɱ֣
ûа
ʼ磬޹˵ֻǣȴԵĴһĨϷʣʢŭĿ£ƲƲ죬˵ҷž˵ˣҼѧǳʱܻʧֵƫƫҲ㿪ܹ𣿡ңҲû䣬ô֪
㣡
⻰϶˱ѪӶЩͷԣȻ͵ļΪࡣ
һΣ͵ʴף˷һѪȻҲûĿģδնɱƣһ񰡡


1369 
˭ҲδϵڰǿȵУͳִ˵ȼĴ򶷣˵ǰ½ȹھĳ棬Ҳﲻ̶ֳȣ
Ѫһ󿴵㣬ΪҪǣѪ϶ˣ
֮壬öǿ
ֻǰ֮𣿣
ѯʣǣȴûܹһЩʹõһУڤĹһģһ
˵ףҲǻĳĴУõǿؼԣܿ϶壡
ǣƿصʲôȴҲû˵ƿأܹԿؼʲô֪
һԣ¶˿͸
ʧֵĺð۹СӸɵƯ
̨£¹ڿЦǲⱣϲϵĴڶദٴѿѪҲȻ֪
϶һΣпǼΪˬ˷ƵΪ
϶˺ް취ȻǧʣǴʱҲΨڶѡ
һΣҪ޹ˣ
ϧǱűصõ˷ĴǺܴģ
ĺҪһеĽƴɱǣȴûоԵİա
ƵĻʤõȫõĹ㳡ЩһǣĬû˸ȥ̨Ȩ
һʱڣŸ̨Ȼ죬ǣȴſȸʽ
ڼ䣬϶Լһϳ˼̨ɫתõʱȴܿ
ǣл׶磬׷׳֣ר϶ˣչֳԼǿǧЩ϶ŶǻʮǱʱӳ̨ģܻʧ֮ǽһҡ
ΪƵģභˣɽķɲôƵģ
һ㣬ǧɽľۣ޼ƿʩǱ̨
˻ʸ
һҲ֮϶ɫѿľĨһ
ɶȻһھӢȻǰʮȥõƵҪѪλȥضҲ᲻ùˣ
ߣ
ƿ˿ռ䣬һ˱нȥһɪıӰ
˵ʲô϶ǶˣǰʮҲûܹȥң˷һѪпܻӰ쵽δ
Ҫţˣ
벻˻ʸξȻõ˶Ĳ֮ˣ
Զ˶ڸпš
ʱƣл׶磬һռһֱ̨ǰռ˰̨νǾ֮٣½ȵļ¼ҲǺΪ
ƾͲ˵ˣ϶壬˸ȥս֮Ѿ¶Ȳ˵ǲĶ֣ǿ˭Ըȥ
ԣսʮ̨ϲǿģǣҲûȥ
飬ӵɽûƳģ˭Ըȥ
л׶˵ı֣ȴõ˾ޣ£Ȼû˳вܵġ
ǻ𼫵⣬ѵǻ壿
л׶ʹʱ˱ʶʱ
żмأ֮£Ĵ󻤷գΪ죬ԣڵ˻ʸĴԺ
ͬʱʮλoõ˻ʸһֱӳΪ˵ʱǿһ
ֻǣĴ󻤷֮ʧҲʧ˵ߣʮoҲ׷˳˰½λӺɽ硣
֮壬ʮo֮һĻ壬̶ܳȣȻͬ죬ʱҲѾкü˱ԲһлܣѴ֮д⣬һ̨
֮壬壬˫˫˻ʸضʢ
ףŮӣҲܲڻ壬ѵһռң
˰ⲻѰ׼֮ҲǴ˵е壬ǿܱ϶
Ϊǳı֣õԶ󲿷ֶڹעǣϵۣһЩмʶ˸ǽǵݲµİ˾Ųʮ

Ⱥе̨ϣ׷ͯҲһĨǳǳĻȣֵѿ죬ֽкãõλԺʵ۾ͨ졣
һ˹ʺˣȻЩ壬壬һ򾡣
ߣ
һԣĸƲһۣȻвãǲòϣ˻ʸȷ
õһܣ
Ŀ⣬˸̨µɭϡ
ʣ˭ڤ棿
ԣ½һѾֵǰϵķƣҲԲڤĶ֡


1370 ޵У
½֮ǰ˭ܹϵԭڵ͹ȵе˻ʸ˾˵ı֣
֮壬֮壬壬壬ɽ
ÿһ˾Ϊпر˲²п֮ǿ
Ц壬ʮoеǿߵ壬϶ǶҪ˱ᣬˣ˭˸ȥǣ
ңдţﵽµĵز췣ܹݻ
űܵǼˣѾ˵һС
ֻǣĸ޸ôܻ˻ʸռ̨
ɭӰ֣սл׶飬ûжģɽƣܣ̨
л׶ȴɭпս
ʵ״ʱԼԲڤĶ֣ǣȴ㾡ȫʹɭʹĵơ
ļһ
ɭȻҲ⣬к޵ģŭ
һεĻԼ£ǴΣǹĹڣȻԼס֮ʣ飬ŭ׷ɱǧ½
Ǻ֪ҵĵƣ
Ǵҽел׶ɭģʧء
ٺ٣
л׶һЦȴǺΪϵΧҽֱӷˣѣһͷӴĻħŭХΧ˹ռ䶼һˣһڵĿӣǺˣ˿һۣҪԶԶĳ嶯
ϣԶϣ
ɭ˿ɫ³Ļû˿У˲䣬˫Ǳһֹɫǣܹ˵ꡣ
ңҲһɭɫֱӽΧĿռ䶼ˣһһƬȻʵһĴڣ
ңһֻл׶³ĺģϣ룬ڤ
꣡
һĪӶֱӳл׶շȥһ·ϣռȻûѣǣĶǱˣ棬ɫԶԶȥһһͷ޴ĻħֱӾܵѹƣֻҪľӵĵطһжᣬǺ˵ҽҲ˲ɱ˪죬ԭԾܹյصĻħʧȥ鶯ǱУȴ
ؾţΨ𣡡
״л׶ɫ䣬ûԥֱӱȥģһƻؿڴȼ˵¶ȣ׷Χ֣ռճһȼʱִֵͬʱҲֹһ۽ֵֽ״̬
壬Ȼ
Զ̨ڣл׶ı֣ƲɰޣͬʱҲɭ̶ܳҲ֪ĺӶ֮ڣȣ嫺κˣƺҪȥ֮һս
ô£Ϊλ춯
ƴ󲻽⣬궯ͷԣΪһӦĴ֮󣬱ǻ״
սĹɭڤ֮ʱо궯ʱδƿ䣬õ𵱳
ʱȻ궯и߷ƣƺˣһֵ⣡
÷ƴ󲻽⡣
֮ڤͬΪЭŴһƬأΪ߻еأ
ҡҡͷûйȥ˼Щѹסе궯Ŀл׶Ǵ̨ϣЩ֮⡣
ʱл׶ȫԻ֮ľռ䣬ǳıƽǰҲŭеĻ磬ҡҷƺʱܻϨϵɫҲ࣬ǰǰ
Χ¶ȼٵ½Щ¶ȷյѵĿռ䶼Ǻ£ӣȽҪϨĻ֡
л׶̾գɫЩףŹϵģǴںڰ뺮ķˣȫڱǰ粻Ϩ
Ҫܡ
̾һȻǿţǣҲʱ䳤̵ˡ
ȻûӣĿռǱƽл׶ǰ׵ľ룬Ҫı棬ᡣ
Ҫ𣿡
ƺҲѾӦˣл׶¶һĨЦ۾ǿؿڴҡҡҷҷһҪϨĻ硭
ʱһ˫ڣȻֻһĨСĴڣһѾεأ
ѹ֮£ƺǽ뵽һصľصУģһȵ¶ȣӳ


1371 徿ջ
䣡
һ嵭ȴ쳣쳹ƺһĪħ̨ϣɭĿռ䣬ֱӽ̣粽ѽ״ԣл׶ؿڳԭһҪϨĻ磬ǿĴ
ֵģȻǸ̨˻ʸĸˣ׷ͯյߣ
Ȼл׶ʱһʲôĵزϣǱǧѷĻᣬͻװ׵˷ѣ
ߣ
ĿĨҡҷСл׶ɭ޵һȴҲ޿κΡ
ϾԷѾˣȻԸǣȴҲûԴܹں׷ͯߵƤˣʲôֶΣ

̨ϣҲ˿һĻȡ
л׶ΣҪٽһ̫ѣֶʵпһҲҲпһǳȥ
Ȼνл׶ڻ⣬ֻٽһ

Ȼ⴦̨һ״̬ǣ̨ȴû
ڳѾûʣʲô˵ʱֻڳˡ
Ķ츳ѣֶβѾˣǣϢУûзӦʱֻرѾɭĶУ˶ֵĲϡ
ֶΣԶ˿һëȻĶָǻ䣬ֱӱˡ
ף磬ôһɱͷ­Ѿ
ʱƣɭӰ˸վһ̨ϣû˸ȥǣңңƺǻҲѾ֮䶨һսʤ˵˭Ҳ˵ԼбʤԷİգ
Ȼƴʱƿһ֮Դܣǣ췣սһʥף൱ܣ˳ƽ
ֻǣҪȡʤȴ̫ˣ
ʦʲô취𣿡
ƱԺڶԷʵ
ʱֶ̫٣ɱвɱ뷭ӡЩӴ߳ţĵԶ
ֻǣϲǣⷭӡ̫ӵеʱ򣬲ǵؼ似ѣڣ֮ʩչܺƴoؼȡ
е˼֮࣬ҲɵĻɣѵΪ֮׼רؼ
Ȼôѹ϶϶ӡ
мţǣȴǽⲻܲףΪ֮ؼȻ½ϣоŶΪ˲֪飿
пռ츳
ϵԺ
ţȷУ
һһϲ׷ʵʦѵпռؼ
ţ
ĵ𣬡һĹеõռؼȻ󣬵ǣûпռ츳ҲȻ
ʦ𣬸ϽҰ
Щȣ۾졣
Ǳ̨ϣӵпռ츳ΪǸӣ̫ǿˣǾĸ޸ӢȥǶһзŵֱӱż
ռ츳ǿУ¶ţķʮȣԭȹȥʥѧѰһʱŷô˵ʱдΪϲ
񣡡
û³֣ڷѹеļ֮һؾԺ쳹
徿ջ
ϵĴ֣̺˴ϢһԵӿ룬ǵ㣬ƺ뵽˵֮ڡ
ˡ
һɲǣĵһһص쳹һģռ䣬ǵһصƺЩʲô
ʱƽڡˡռڵĻܹڵ˱ϣЩ·ڷ⣬ЩĵķǴЩ·ϴ
ڳؼеķƣȴûȥעЩȫ񣬶µõĿռؼ棡
һŹ϶صĻƪҲй֮ƪ
ƪ˼壬ٶΪΪ徿
徿ģǿ죬֮ʱһϢǧ֮䣬ɺ򣬴ﵽУo㳬ԵȥӰ
֮ƪÿռ֮йֶΣΪ徿
徿νԵֻҪ£ռΪƿأзֽ⣬ΪãΪԵɾ޴˺
һһǻĹʱһλΪ徿մʥڿռ֮ƿ棬ǵʱһ˲ϢǧɱεУ
ʱƱϸϸڴƿڶԵУ
ƿʤǸ徿ܸеһ޴ľϲ
ʱ̨ȴҲͣ㳡ϡϡҲûмˣʮǿҲҪ


1372 ʮǿ
ʮ̨ʱѾͣ·һЩԭҪսˣ̨˵ǿҲ뷨
ʱʮ̨ڣǿûȥƣڶел׶ҲΪ׷ͯԴֶΣ֮תƣճ̨
ʱʮ̨棬ʣ£磬ֻأɭӰӵпռ츳壬ᣬ⻹޸ˣϷƣһʮˡ
ĽԼʥѧǿᣡ
Ȼ϶ҲǾǿģֻǣΪƵ¶ߣ϶ȴΪһ˹ΪѶһҲûнǰʮԲŻǴʱľ棡
Ҳ˵ˣʵԷѰ˵ܹ⣬Σµ飬Ҳ뵽ʥѧڡ
ԣ涨ʵ½ȣǼ֮ıԣ
ֻǣվ̨ϵķƣȴԵЩ֣۾վ̨УһϢҲǽ뵽˯ߵһ˲Ȼ
˭Ҫս
޸ɨһȫĮĳ쳹ȫ
ƪû˻ӦЩվڹ㳡ϵǣҲ׷Ȼ볡
ԣʱڹ㳡Ҳ̨еʮ˴ڣ
Ȼսôǿ½Ⱦ׶Σ
䣬˺󼸲˻ʸ˺׷ͯǰʮ˵Ϣ
ƣ˻ʸ
磬˻ʸ
˻ʸ

һ˵ֱұõȺʱɧ
˻ʸǰʮ˾Ȼģ޸ȡ
벻ԭΪ϶ܻ滻˻ʸ
һΣ϶˷۱һѪʣ¼أ
ֻ£϶Ҫ·ˡ
ԶȺ˸̾ţ۷׷ס
ǣû˾ʲô׵ĵطǷƣ磬߾֮ǶǾԵǿȡǰʮĳɼ⣬෴ģ˶Ȼ
һǿ߲ǰʮλϣлл׶һϯ֮λ¹أҲǿǷǰ½ϣǰпܣ
Ǳ̭ˣǣǵǿȴΪ˼סû˸СţպǻΪһ֮Ĵڣ
˻ʸǿߡ߽Ծߣʢ֮Ҳ
һЩһڸпǵỨ֡
ڰ½壬˭һἰ壬֮Աǡ
ʣ˭ܣ
ǲں˭פʥѧǣϣǿ߶ֻ߳棬ܹܵ˵أ
ʱǰʮϣǿϣ
ЩȺе壬磬Ŀ¶ɫ
ǿ󣬶˵ȴʲô¡
ʮˣǰʮ
£ʮ̨ɢΪһ̨ʮڹ㳡ϣվڸ
ǣһδվʯһ޶ԡ
塭ð
̱ŵСΣ˫֣˷ܵĽš
һԣȴ¶ӵɫ
ԼܹһѾӵķ
ؿںƣЩǣСΣǺݲ뿪
ѡҪǣСȴûе
ڶ֮ʱÿҹСεʻ޷ش
˭
߽㡣
ƺǿ£˹Ŀ£ֱ˵߽ǾúƸܻİɣ
⻰ߵĿЩ㣬õһ̾
ʵ˵ίģӦʶ֪С޲£ԭ÷һԣǣΪıʣȴǶһͷӵͯ׵
Ƹ磬еˡ
Ź㳡ϵǵӰ¶ʹۡ
ƾһɷ򣬿ԵһֱŬΪӪһҸļͥеһУѡһ˿ٿۣûаԹԡ
߽㣬֮㲻Ҫ뿪Ƹţָ˼䣬һ뿪Ƹģ
ЩĿ⿴ߡ
ߵĿУì߻Ȼ뿪ƣʱƾԻľصġ
ã
ֿã߲ǵ˵ͷȴ¶ģǻָ䣬˫鲻ĻǸʱɻѡ뿪
ֻڣҲĶٲĻôǰļ䣬᳹׵ʧ
лл߽㣡
ס˫֣ЩỨ֡
ǲԸԼĺƸ㲵ˡ


1373 
ǰʮٶܹ֮شһʱʸԣʱԶһ˫˫ȵӣǷ˹㳡ϵʮӰ֮ϡ
֮һ죬ܱһ꣬ȻЩˣǣʵģҲ˵֮صĲ򵥣ܱȡ
ݴ֮أλһͬɣڴڵġҪǧٱԲǵȼЧ
ʱʮ˶ӵ˽֮صʸˣңõһܹһ֮ã
һܹ꣬ı飬½һһ֮󣬱Ǵӷʥףʥ׵ĵزٶȣν£Կɼ֮أһ޵ңһ꣬Ҳ½һ֮ͬ䣬ܳһξ롣
ʮǿѾڣ׶Σ
׷ͯɨһȫ֮󣬿ٴδ
ǩ֣ÿһֳǰ֮󣬻ٳǩѡһˣԳǩʽսӮ߽뵽ǰ
ǰսʤΪھ
Сѣ
ڲеķƣֱӱϴֱĳˡ
ô
۾һƬãȻɫһǷ̨֣ѿգ˶վڸ̨֮µһֽǰжһֽţңǲĿԼ

ɫһǷӦ˹һǳֽǰֽ̽ڣһȴǷֻһֽŴˣֱ˳
źţ
ֽһǷֽ֣д֡
Ƹ磬㼸ţ
Ǵչͷ

ֱӽֽŵݸǿ
źţûãûײϡ
֮Լʵز˿ǿɰģõķСĽסƺ׼˿⽿һһ
һԣҲ˿
ֻҪǷƣһս˭
Ƹ磬ղôˣ
ɬƿЩ糺죬̧ͷʵ
ŶеС¡
΢΢һ䣬һĨ⡣
ţר徿ȻûʵãǣʱѾǿԳʩչˡ
ǩϣھ˵¹򣡡
׷ͯɨһ۷֮󣬱ǿʼϸ˵˫һŶԶţŶĺţԴơ
ڣһ̨
ৣৣ
Ļ£ɭ̨
ʱһɭɫɷһƬ˴Ҳûֱˣܵվһ仰Ҳ˵
Ǿ壬ΪǣǰڤĶ֣
ԣҲʹ죬ֱ䣬Ըɭ
ţĺš
һ޸ˡ
Сĵ㣬о䣡
µĶţܵˡ
֪ĺƸ磬İɣ
һЦһȹ裬Ʈ̨ڣһ޵Ӱ
˶ǷʥһףѪܲһʹ̨Ѫ֣һѪһɷڳ壬ȻҲʾȫԪ֮Լӳ֣ѹƶԷȻƽ


ȻܹӦĹ˿һĶãһ߻ۿ̨ϵı䶯
ʵģܹ˵ļǿϳɵӦԣⶼѵЧ
ͻȻķ֣ѡʦѡˣ
ܣ⻹޸˴֣ų˽ʱ
Ͼ֮ȻǿᣬǣȴԹȻǣ޸ѧԱʵھᣬȻʤ
Ƹ硭
ɥС˹
˺ˡ
Ŀ֮£Ҳ̫ˣֻǰο˼䣬޸ѧԱ˹֣лλ̨鰡
ţ
޸ѧԱһһĨ죬Ҳǹ˹֣û˵˻ԼӪڡ
šϳ
׷ͯɫδ䣬ƺ֪һٴγµ
ţֻأšǲӰ
һռµĴս̨ڣֻвӰվֻȴǲټ
Ѿһ磬뵽˿УɫûκεĲӰ̨ѪûǣЩѪܵУȴûһ˿һ춯磬ֻѾ̨ϣ
ɱ񸮵ƣһţ˽Ծɱʤ
ʵ˵ֻغܲƽǶɱ񸮵ǼҲܲƽ
ĻǼɱ񸮵˾лᷴΪʤǣ̨ǣߣҲ͵Ϯˣ


1374 ս

ʺû˿ʵڿ̨˳һĶţɷ죬̨򣬾һѪϵûһУУҪʴ˿ʣ
ֻǣѪ֮ڣȴһӰڡ
һͷɫͷһӨ͸Ѫ۶ɣѪƮ졣
ң˫ӣֺգ˸˸ˣڣѪ

ôͻأģһڵĶдӲϮһĽǶȣӰĲ
ߣ
ӰһͫһĨ⣬˲䷴ӦȻһˮס

ײʺϣȻǷײ˵ǣ
ৣ
ֻز΢һеһתֱתӰؿλá
Ѫ
Ӱȴûڸᣬ³ۣʱΧʺѪܱХһľҷŴݻصĴƣϯֻء
أ
ȻѾʺװ֣ǣֻȴɼı˳ȥɫЩҰףѪ

̨£Ʋɵ̾һҡҡͷ
̨ȣֻ˵̫ƽˣԷ֪˰ɱ׼ʹѶȼӱ
ߣ̶ռ䣬ҲʩչԼơ
׶˵ǰ£ֻҪȡʤ̫ˣ磬㲻ϮɱӰشǾõġ
ˣ
ֻһ֮󣬱޴ɶ㣬ӰѪȣ޷Ѫܡ
Σ̨ϣֻһγֵļҪôɹҪôʧܣ
磬κβ㣡
ֻ̨ʱ򣬴̨ڵĲӰ˵ˡ
ֻصֶΣ㲻ɱǾûģ
һɱĶǣ˼ʶֻǹĪֶ֮Ӷ쬵ģԼ߾ɱǱһ
Ȼֻܣǣɱ֯ȴ˸С෴ģΪηˡ
ϲֻʵ
ֻ߹ʱ򣬷΢Цųʾ⡣
ֻѩ뿪꣬Ƿ˺ܶ飬ȥɱ֮󣬾˴ת䣬ֻѡ
ʱֻأǰܱȣʵ
š
ֻǰһûжȶȣĵ˵ͷѩࡣ
˵Ѿһܴĸıˣڣѩ࣬ҲΨһһˡ
ʱ¹غƤȥϵȴײƨɣ˵һֻͨȴģһֲ˵Щڨڨѩ࣬²̨
Ǹˣ
ţһɥ
ߺš˺ϳ
ڲӰ̨֮󣬺׷ͯߵٴ쳹
ĵ㣡
СĽš
ţ
һЦһ㣬һ׳һɭĻߣ˲䣬ǳ̨ڡ
Ķ棬һ޸ѧԱ
壬ʱǱǸһĨЦ
ȻǣǶ壬ȴˣһɱУܵĴˡ
һѣĩգǰĳ棬Ŀӡÿһ˵ļ䣬޷ǣ
壡
⻹֣Ȼһ£޸ѧԱԻش
Ƹ磡
Щ糺죬վڷǰƺһڵȴ佱СŮ
ã֪У
֣ǵıӣõļ˽ߡ
źšʮϳ
׷ͯߵܿ糣

˲Ϣǳ̨ڵ壬Ƴ˿ڣֹͣһĨ˷ܵɫ
ҪԳռ֮Σˡ
ȥˣ
ߵŮ˵һ䣬ƽһ֣ȥ̨¾ƮƮ
˵ܿ췣
ǰһĨǳЦķƣʵܳĳһ׳嶯Ը³çˡ
ǺǣҲɡ
΢΢һЦûп϶Ĵ𰸣ģɡ
Ŷ
ҲǵӦһ䣬΢΢ûΪƱųɾ裬෴ģԶԡ
ɲΪһܹ϶˻Ǽ֮
ǾҪܷסҵĿռ֮
ƾþòһһĨǾһľ⣬˫һ˦ǰĿռ侹ȻͱУޣصƿŷƳ˹
꣡
޴ߣɱһ֣ơ


1375 
ɱ
ûԥ֣һڵľ޽ǳУ˸˸绡ˣٽֱӳͷն䡣

һ֮£ռƤһıһɭĻȣ֮˿ûͣͣͷӦ¡
裡
״岢ûаңģ˫ֲϵһӡ
ţƬ̨ռƺͻһռ֮۳һڣ˷Ϯƣ
ƣҲŲңһ㵭Ľɫ֣սȣгھ޽һɱһУһϮǱնڽ£
Ĵݲȣõ˶ɻо޽۶ɣɾ޽ʲô
ǰڣڶһУһӾͷơ
ǾʲôһʲôؼΪδδŹ
ڷʣȴûһܹشƺһȫ´δֹûܹ֪
£ӵа֮壬϶õ˲С
˶Żȥ֮󣬶ҪúõĲżҳ
̨ϣλˣˡ
׷ͯ߸Ӳ˵ˣϴλǷ˷ż⣬żصܣûһƵġ
ⳡϣܶ˶ǻˣ˾᲻֮壿
Ͼܹ϶壬ûмˣܹ֤ӵв϶ĵƣ
ǣ
ݹżÿһ֮أǰˣȴû˿֮
һ㣬Ǿǣÿһ֮壬Եʣ֪ǰƣȴͨ׼ʣ
ԣ֮㣬ֱӱǱˣ
֮壬˻ʸʲô壿
˵ˣǾĸ޸λˣǶһͷˮͷҲ²
ѵΪǰ֮Եʣ
вɣûܹ¶ۡ
֮һ㣬ǰ˵ǿѾЩ֮ķΧˣ
Ƹ磬ӦͿȡʤΪʲôǲأ
̨£ȴ΢΢üͷ¶ɻɫ
ʱѾĿռʹǣȴ˼˿˵ǷǿǱذɣǣʱȴվԭأʹһУɱһϮơ
ֹǣֻҪˣǺܲΪҪأ
һеԭȻֻзԼв
ϸĸӦΧĿռ֮Ĳ
ףʱԼҲûлɭǲӰʸ񣬵ǣµõ徿ջȴµ뷨
徿Ͳ˵ˣɣٶϻ˭ܼ
徿ܸһ޴ľϲ
ԣڲȡʤ壬෴ģϤſռ֮
Ȼ뱩¶ԼĿģûʩչ
飡
ڶȻһĨ⣬ţΪģΧĿռƬƬѣѸٵӿȥϯȫ
ĳ棬Ϊ£һǿ˺֮ǽҲᱻС
ĺã
ǳϫһϮƬҲңо޽ԲΣϫϮɱ
Ȼ޿ײĿռ֮ͻ塭
鷢ˣЩռ֮ǲ㵭Ľɫεʱ򣬾ȻѩһڻˣΪޣûдڹһ
˷ô˵ǿ᣿Ȼܹ׵ĵռ֮Ϯɱ
˽Ծǿᣬõٴξ̾

ʹһֶε壬ӦķƣΨпЦˡ
ⲻԼܹģ
㣬֤ԼķƲˣ̸ȡʤ
䣡
ҡҡͷƣ󷽵ˡ
ףеľ޽նԵֵס
Ȼȡʤˣǻʹ㣬ԼǱľء
ţ
ˣҲɵһҲеľ޽˹ֳ֣ã
»Ҫл顣
һûаʢ֮ķƣΪ⣬ҲǿͿĴк
ˣ֮䵽ûʲôҩζ෴ģѰ㣬ʵ˿ɵۡ
ŶǽģΪǰ֮ϣЩȴûп˵İأ
һڲͬˣ
ǿѾǩѡһˣǿȶ
̨ϣ׷ͯٴοˡ


1376 һɱ
ܵ˳ǩѡһˣ
ֱӷˡ
ʤˣƣɭӰ磬һھ޸ѧԱûһܹԸġ
˳ǩһΪֻسС
ԣǿ֮УǶֻأ
ˣǿ󣬷½ϣǼÿһ˶ʸõһ
ǣˣȴҪΪһᣡ
ԣ⵱бضҪһʢս
ţˣҲɵѪڣȣڴžĿʼ
ٴνгǩ
ں׷ͯһ£˽ֽٴνи˱ǩ
Ҳڵȡ֮ǰֽȡһֽš
ţ
ͷ͵һۣ˿
㼸ţ
ʵ
ЦĽԼֽŴ򿪡
ţ
ǺǣҪСģС䣬𣿡
΢΢һЦٴصĽš
ĵľˣȻԼǰԵúܹǣȴףһֻСҰèԣ䣡
ӵԶȡҩͿĳҪǿ
ǶˣƲǣɭǲӰ
ˣҲûоԵģҲҪȡõһ谭
֮һ꣬һҪõ̫ľˣϣ̵ʱڳʥ磡
ţ
ӦһȴһĨ

սûʼϵգҲǻıý˶Ҵڴվԭأȴš
һš̨
׷ͯɨһ۸̨֮µ֮󣬱ٴοˣ嵭ȴԶվ˶ܹ
ৣৣ
ƿֻأǸ޸ѧԱ̨֮ϡ
ɱ޸ѧԱɫʱһ䣬ǲÿ
Ѫɷ
û˿ԥģһһ˫ͨһƬɷڳ壬޾ѪܴڹãƬ̨̣ռΪѪ֡
꣡
ѪܣĹ䣬Ŀռ䶼ʴˣƿһ󶴣ǿֲ룬һ˱ѪܰǾҪʴɾ
ৣ
һ΢ŵĿ֮£ֻرʧԭأǻһ̣ʧ٣ΧѪǣȴû˿쳣֮
磬ֻѾ׵ʧ̨һ
˹֮һεľǽĸһЩ˸˸˸ɨ̨ƺҪҳһ˿˿
ǣ޹Ϊֻʧ̫ˣ֮ΪؼһϸСĳ߼䣬ܼѪڣҲûһ˿һ쳣
֮ѵǴ˵еĶݿ
ԶȺУһ׷Բϡߣͫڵ⣬ָ˻ǣ૳
ݿ˵Уɱ񣬱а½꣬ڻҵĴսУµģ
ԣɱƺ½˸С
ڣɱ֯ˣģԶݿΪýһϵݿããµУȴûд˭ܹϰã
ʱΪֻؼ䣬õһЩ˱Щʡ
ϾЩɱ񸮵ǣȴһ߼䣬¶ԲŻļ졣
ǣʱֻأȴûдһ˿һ磬ѾЩڣɱûа
䣡
ͻأģһëȻĸоӱϣ޸ѧԱֱӳ䡣
ɲΪԼǲӰƾѪܷܹסֻصϮɱ
֮ǰҴֻ˳Ϲž޲ѪڳѪ˵Ĳ
ʱ޸ѧԱǾһ亹
ҵ죬ɱûз֮£˭ܶܣ
ĻĴ˾һ˫˫ڣǺȻɫ
˽֪ɱ񸮵ĴɱɱȴҲѾս㣬һһ
˭ҲûԤϵôһɱ
Ǻǣ
״ɱ񸮵ĸˣǹһĨǳǳĻȡ
ĿѾﵽˣҪ棬ɱ񸮼ٴ¾ɱֽ磡
ֻػʤƲûа⣬ֻǣȴһĨأ뵣ǡ
ʱʣˣ
ǴҪԵģɭǲӰ
ԭҪȰ˵ǣżĨ񣬻ߣȴû˵ڡ
ţĺ̨
׷ͯߵܿ쳹


1377 
Ƹͣ
ͣ
СӸ
ڷվ̨ʱ򣬸̨£쳹һЩгģȻ¹Ǽһ
ƴʱϾȥ˼ˣΪվǰģǾĸɭ
һӵϹڤˣ֮£û˸ҺĴڣ
ʱȻܣǣѾ£
л׶һΪֹûչֹܵܣԿɼĿ¡
ǲ⣬ܹվ۷壬
ʱĶվŵķƣɭɫЩ仯
սĹҴһ𣬵ʱģƲһѣҲû뵽ʱСȴҡһ䣬ΪԼĶ֣
֮壿
ֻ²Ȼ˸ĵ绡棬ĵĸоһв
һǿߵֱ
ȻҲԸţǣȴȹεֱ
ԣʱҲûаСƵ˼
˫վĸ
ĻֹԶȺվڸ̨ϵλˣɫһֱЩľĸˣҲû˵ʲô϶Ļ
ȻҲɭûбʤģ
Ͼ˭֪ǰ˾жٵƣ϶Ѫûκεˣ
̨£ӰȻһȳɫǣ˫Ҳ΢΢ϸĴǰˡ
֪ɭʵݵһˣʱģɫЩ̡̻
ӣƸ粻°ɣ
СĶߵѩʵ
ĺˣƸ磬Ƕˡ
ѩ΢΢ҡҡͷۣ޿κΡ
Լֺγأ
ڵˣκ㲻شգܹ֪һ
ʱȻգǣȴ٣
Ͼƻܵʱ˻ʸҲԲӶ

ʱ̨ڵ¶ȣΪɭٵĽȥĺǣб˪Ʈ裬磬ﶼᱻ
ģһ˫ڸֳ⣬޵ף˿һ۶걻Ĵ
ڤ
³ɭŷһֻơ
꣡
ΪģһĪӶŷƹϯȥһ·ϣռ䶼Ǳᣬ¶ȸǽ͵˼㣬˴ⷽڣѪҺ꣬ǻᱻ
Դ״в⣬෴ģڵмѾﵽڵĵزˣ
Ҫս
ս
ǿѹ궯֮ԭڵͫף˲ǱĳһƬһɷս죬һԶһɱһУƵıԵشռ䶼Ǳǿµս˺ˣ¶ڵռ䡣
ֻǣСе궯رɫȽʱҪɱ֮ʱ֮Ŀƣֱǽһ㣬ϯȥ۳һ죬ײȥ
̣
꣡
޴ıըȻ쳹ţǴһǲ˱ǼײɫϣȻѿһ֩ѺۣΧĿռ䣬Ǵ鿪
һĻõķЩĿɿڴ
ڣ֮಻ϵӿڵӵԼԣͷײצĴ伫ӲǻĽֹмĽƬƬ粽ѽ
⡭
Զ˶ǿɵۣĿ࣬ǷӦˡ
⾿ʲô
ã˸е
̫˼ˣҪ֪˲ǻĲѹշ£ǶҪϨˣ
˵ǿ֮Ҳܶᣡ
ǣ
ǰֹĺɫȴ˿ûܵӰ죡
̨ϣλҲͬͫ͸¶˼ɫ
Ƕɭ˽⣬ԶԶЩˣ
ڤ壡
壬ƥʣ
ԭʹõڲֻ֪ѣǣ˭뵽ܿȻܹϵܣ
׷ͯ˸ƺ˼Щʲôɨɨ̨£һ̣ջǳĬ

ԼֵľȻֹõɭҲ΢ЩزɫԴ͡
Ȼףǰ˻ԼľУһսǣȴף⾿һʲôȻܹԼڤܣ


1378 oħ
̡̣
޴ײӨ˸̨쳹Ϣӣǧ￪⡣
ڣһֱǳŽֵ״̬ڵɷ񣬲ϵĳɭҪ֮ƿһƬƬɫǱмƬĴ׷£硣
һĵĴս̨ЩӵǶǿɫɷףþò
˫֮䣬ѾһεĴˣ
⾿ΪΣ
вɣ෴ĸСĽңȫҪѹ궯֮ԣʹ󾢲㣬粽ѽ
궯ҲҲԵɣƺڤڤ֮һֻڲٿһУҲֱӺˣ
Ե
Щš
ʱȴȷӦ֮Ĳŭ𣬿ХҪݻǰĴڣ
У
ֻеʱ򣬲Ż˱ĵ⣡
ǿߣ궯ȴ⣬ǣǰȴڤ壬ͬΪľڤ壬֮ôĳޣ
гУ죬ôҲԲһģ齨ʥѧ

ɭȴǽƵΪƣһ˫ӷź⣬Լ䣬ΣȻǹĸߴ
һֲħӰΪߴΡ룬һɽƴӶ£ɽɫӣΧĿռ価飬飬ɭһƬһڤ򣬾ǼΪ֣ٲ䣬أȥһħеo̲סҪȥ
ʱ򣬾Ǵ̨֮⣬Զˣ棬ܵ˾޴ĳԶһЩΪˣֱӶǹȥɪɪھǻ֣̿Ĥo
ħӰһ۳ǾԾһ嫺嫵ѹ˵ߣ̨Ҳ죡
䣬ƺֻһħӰĴڡ
̨ڵķƣȻ׵壬Ǻ嫵ѹϢĶܵĪѹڵѪҺƺҪˣҲǳ޾ս֧ѹܽѹ壡
ǣ
ƴȣԼŭһ˫ӸǳˣûаʣѪɷ棬ֱɱһС
ͬʱҲ˶еѹƣ
¡¡¡
ʱͻī֭ӷ嫺ϯҪɱ죬һС
һֿµڣ֮ռ価飬ܲסڣһֽضͱ˵Ӿ𺳡
ңֺƴѹһ˲ڣҲֱӱˣǹ֧飬ڵһͷ޴ƥĶħoȥҪ֮ɡ
飡
޴oƴģĮ飬ͬʱһֻ̽צĶħѹ˹ȥҪ֮ѹ
¡¡
޴ĺɫħ˿壬Ӵֱײȥ
̣
˫ײ䣬һɾ޴ľھϯ̨ڵһãã͸
¡¡¡
˸ûлعʱ̨ڣǽӶ쳹һըŭ޴ϫ̨ûˣڵһнԲɼֻһЩӵзǷͫˣܹڷһС
һԵʢս޴ĶħߴǫڴսûϵĴڣΧͱݻ٣ڣ
˫ϵײoֳţ£շħ嫣ûһУּµǿڵĶħÿһζҵķ飬磬ǣܿ۶ɣ壬Х죬вݵƣһеһһεĳȽҪûo
µĴ󱩶ǿĴսõԶ˽𾪣ǿȣ˵֪Χ
˭Ҳδ뵽˰仰˵Ǵһĵز
ңo֮۶ɵʱ򣬼˶ΪƱذܣ
ǣܹģҲˣڵһͷڵĶħʱҪûԼУǹɳ徢˵
û˻ֵܱǸ̨ϵλһԺһ˫˫ڣǴ𺳵ɫǷӦˣĿɿڴĿǰһС
ڤ󱬷ǣȻ˵ˣ
ѵ˵ҪλεĴ𣿣
û˸ţڵȻѹƣ෴ĺǱ壬ҪɱǰĳУ˾̾
ȻֻзһףΪδʱڶħᱻ飬ԭ򣬻ΪԼƿص̫֮ˣ


1379 һĶ
֮żɣ˵ƴʱѾּ֮ںϣǣʱȴ׼һѣԣƿһ֮ɭȣȻǲȣԲ·磬һһεİ
֮岻ǿ󣬵ǣӦҲŲ˶ˡ
ЩӵͫĿ̨ڵ״Լĸп
Ȼڶħ壬ǣħƴѹһУĶħĲϵıѣ
棬˶֪ħ̶ܳħԣǵ˵ĻܣҲǳˣ
ԹԣһﻹǿȻСӿ⡭
¹Ŀɿڴš
ģЩ̫ԾڵķĹڵЩ̫һʹɫҲǲͬ
Ĺڣһְɫ״
ڣȴǱ˽Ĺǰڡ
жǷʲô飡
ˣҲˣ뵽ֲֻ֮ͬǣȴףΪηƻ᲻ˡ

¡
Ǿ޴ħ֣ǧշһУЯ֮ƣȻ䣬Ǿ޴Ķħ˫ӭϣ˸˸ھ˱ըԵȻײһ𣬱ըħһ˫ֱ֣ӱըѣŰľ磬Хϯȥ
ȥֻ²С
״תȻҲ뵽棬ɫЩأ˼һһеİ취
ʱУڸͲĿƣڣһ˿һ֮ƿزˣȫӦС
ãǰӿַĳ徢ǷȫתҲﵽʮ֮һĳ̶ȡ
ҲҺôʱѾܹ֮ĴڣȻ䱩ĵһ
ֻǣƾʱ֮ӣҲǾӮɭģ
ս֮췣
ţƱһȫ˼ˣ
ս
죬񱩵սɷڣһħھ˹䡣
꣡
ͬʱԪڵ췣Ҳӿɭ׵ɫ˵һɴĻϢӳԲƺڳ
̶ܳȣƺ׼ͬѣǣִĻϢȴ˵ĵһη塣
ǶɭҲܵ˻ĳᶨǳɶ˼
ɱ
ս췣۳ɾ޽߸ߵٵ֮ƣߴħն䡣
һ·ϣռǲһֳһѷ죬ⳡ棬سﾲţģ
״ɭҲСòֳԸ
Ȫ⣡
̧ͷһ˫ɭڱ⣬ƥΪҫۣȴǴżһ·ȥռ䶼Ϊ֮ˣĺڰУ׳
̣
ڰײ̻ţХϯ˷ѹһУռ䶼ƬһĴѣ漫ɲ
޴ĽУնɫƥУ˺֮Զǣջ۶ˣȻͬʱҲһƥը٣޴ϫŰ
ֻǣɭ֮ʣڵĶħȴǵƣ谭һ˫޴ڶ־޴ƣħӰ𶯣ռ飬޴ħӰһѡ
ˣ
ɭ󾪣ܴһѪٴܣѹ£ĳڶħշ飬ѹȥ
ã
Ļƴϲûκԥģٴս֮췣ɱٴն䣬ɱħӰ
ʱƣ֪֮ΪΣȻԼӭУӳѰƣĿƣȫɱϮɱħӰʱЩңӦѾ˺ü
ȻܹһĶã
˾ȣǲ׷ƾģֹܹ쾡µĵزӳȫ
ڶħ壬˶ǿУϣ伫ֹ಻ϣֻҪܹ˼ԷʱϢұѣӶ֡
㾫ȷĿ£ôܻܹ
ɭÿһáȪ⡯ܱǻÿһζᱻħͻƣӶдƵѪ
ɫɵ绡۶ɵľ޽ʵڲҺӣΪÿһξ޽֮ʱһļ²ƺһܹԼһ
ԣƣѪȴҲ޿κΣòӦĹơ


1380 
𣡡
޴Ķħ˻һ˫޴ֱ죬Ļϣھ޴ħӰؿڣҵıмĽѩ죬޴ħӰȣһģ˰벽
ħӰеɭǼܣɫҰףǣҲѾһѪĿġ
ɱ
һɱһУŴƵľ޽˲ٴγն
ģ
ĻɭһĨ⣬ɷӸΪˣһۣ񶳽ᡣ
ͳͳȥ
һĨ³ϵħӰڷ⣬Ϊߴˣƺأ˳һĹϯɫǾһӣ˷һжڣ磬֮һмȫɱûκ
һּΪԵҪԾϵƽż̨ȥ
޽ϵն䣬ľ飬ǣ˲䲻ñǻᱻûӣչ̡
ǼϢ֮䣬̨Ǳ渲ǣ̹ǣ޽ӵдɱڶħֶþ޷ѱżľ档
һ֣
ɫһ䣬Щ
뵽ɭ϶ʹֶΡ
ϾľƣֻҪϺķѾƻǱذɣ
֮£ֻһˣʱ䣬ǱһСڣΧ̨һɭ
ǿʲôˣ
ԶĻˣھţ׷ײɭ
ԣѾǳ˾ĳ̶ˣ˻ڤʱȴЩˡ
ڤ壬ôܹ⣬Ϊǰ⣿
壬;ˣдԣҲûԸߵķȥ롣
̨£˵Ķڶ¶̻̲ɫһ˫СקЩס
һԣһĻߣҲ֪ΪΣȻҲ¶ǵɫ
ǻһȻ۸ҵ
§ڻеС߷߷ߵ۵СȭͷƺҲЩߣһ˫Ĵ۾ڣȻһ˵ĶԶЩڹעˣ̱ڵأ亹졣
ûܹµĵⲻҵСŮȻӵо˵ʵ˵֣ûмѹƵס
СŮ˼͸ûĻȴ֪ҪԼˣκ˺Լߵˣ

ô죿
ֵزƷƽϸ˼ŶԲߡ
֮ζӦԲˣڣƿɶ򣬲ʮˣ򣬶Ǳ滯һƬȫˡ
ʱ֮Ѿ궯ƿأΡ
Сӣ㲻Ὣ췣֮ں徿ʹã
ϵŭֱԺЩЩɸֵζ
԰
⻰жʱһϲЩ
ƾʱĿռ֮ûа취ֽռģǣ췣ûʲôǲܰ쵽ģ
뵽ˣƱǿʼж
徿
³ϵУڣ쳹һصƺعӿռ䡣
ţԪڵ췣ҲӳɶںϡȻЩɶĵ绡˳ȥľϡ
꣡꣡
ڱи£ⱻһľռ䣬һϸСѷ죬ңһֱɭӶȥУɭ׵ĵ绡˸ˡ
ţܸѿ֮࣬һһɱһìֱȡɭҪ
ôܣ
ͻıʣõɭһգۼ䣬һ绡˸˸ĳìɱ˹⾵ռڣ㣬ֻȥ
꣡
ǳìɱһУֵȻֱӱһѪӿΧɭıϣԵø졣
ţӶĳìϮǾ޴ħ䴩һףһײɭؿڣʱѪһʺʺ졣
ǡ
һ˲ʱ䣬̨ľռ䶼ѣǱڻıһ鿪ڡ
𣡡
ڵĶħգͻſצɭȥһ˫޴ƣ˸˸⣬¡
ء
ʷһ˲䣬˱ǿ̨ϵľֱӵ߸˹ڵĶħ壬һ˫׳Ĵ֣ϵĻħӰ֮ˣڵɭѪɫҰֽ
ˣ
һ쳹ţһֻ̨ڣɭ˳


1381 ʤ
ȫž
ԭƵĴ᧿ΣǣǼʱ䣬ܶ˶ûзӦ̨ϵһбǾͱдˣ
ɭܴռ飬ܣǰң
ԣһƬȻվԭأЩʵĸо
ɭ˵ʵ̫ˣ˶ûпô£ֻɭ׵ĳìɫľռӹţɭǰˣ
˶벻ףƾλʤģɭɫĳìǺΪξȻܹ˼ɭ
ⶼɵ㣬벻ס
ֻվڸ̨ϵλЩԺи̨£ɱ񸮵ĸˣǿһЩߣ
ӵе׼ԵЩ죬ɱǿᣡ
㣬ˣ
ǣղǳìУɲֻӵ׼֮ѣ
ռ֮
ǵڣ¶һĨȻɫ
û׼ɱȷǺǿǣҪǰٵƿռ䣬ȴǲף
ԭǣǵ绡棬ȻռΪһˣ
ǽռ֮Ĵ͸һ㣬ɭδ
Ҳ˵˶δ
Ȼһ⣡
̣ʼգƺûӹƺھµѧԱã˶벻ڣһֱдĶСΣʱĽЦ˺Ϊ⡣
ʵɭܵǺԩģ
ȴƱذܣǣȴǼУʹҲ˼ľҲܷɢ˺ܶ࣬õķлɳˡ
ȻⳤìɱȻǿҲܵģֻǻһ鷳ѡ
˵ףʵǰԼУԲ
⡭
ȺУԿռ֮ӦǿҲĿɿڴ
ôҲûԤϵƾȻҲƿؿռ֮
ǴһĨЦҡҡͷ
ԭǷһֱûжֵԭ
СӺģ
һĴЦ쳹õȫǷ
ô˵ģȻ¹أ
û̫࣬ҪǣܹɭǾʹʸһʱ򣬾ǵʽѵ֮ˣ
Ӯˡ
˶ЩӦһ˫˫ӣǷ˷ϡ
鴫
ֻĸˣ
ڤĹѹ֯Ա˲ţ
ΪܹΪ֯ѡԱٶҪ֮壬ּʣߵõˣʸ룡
֣ǰϣҲѹɣ
˶ǴʣǣڣȴȫԽ⿪ˣ
ܹ˵ҲԲĶ֣
½ȵһ˻ʸĪˡ
ڸп
ɭǰܣ˭ͬ׵ĳ̶֮һս
ǣˣǰˣ
̨ϣ׷ͯһĨǳǳĻȣźۼɨһһɫľĸˣûгԳֻǣǵĻȴĸˡ
λԺĵĿ⣬ǶǼʵ۾ˡ
ѧԱǳԼ£ǸǻԼٹ⣿
ǼԤϵڲõĽƵ֣Ի쳹½

𣡡
ɭ̨ΧڵĶħţӨ˸˸ϣһֱȵɭ뿪ǳȥ

ƵĶͷҲ麹֮У˿ǲ̨
ҲǶ֮ʧأȻܻܡ
Ƹ磡
Ůӭ˹ɫЩȸԾ
ڤ嶼Լ֮£壬˭ѹԼ
뵽㣬ǼǻϲЩᡣ
ƴһͨСߵһҪٵŬſԴﵽ
Ǻǡ
ҲĵһЦĿ⣬ȴǲźۼվһϡ
߼ȴǺܿıǱܿˣƲͷȥϣĮƺͲںһ
ջĿ⣬һĨɼʧɫܿɼᶨ档
һĶģ
ȻУǲ֮ǣӵũҩ˵ȴʲô£ֻǱȽ鷳ѣ
šϳ
׷ͯߵܿ𣬴ȫ

׼̨ʱ򣬷ƽס
ôˣ
תͷЦӯӯĿ
һҪСģҪǵã㲻һˣ㻹ң
һأֱЩ˸ӣĽš
⻰ϵЦ΢ЩӯӯһЦƸ磬İɣҿ϶µģ
˵գһ٣羪װ˲̨ϡ


1382 
Ķ֣Ȼ޸ģӰ
˺ǿҲѩĮź⣬Ҳ½ȵĵһѡ
Ȼǧ򻯣ܶʱ򶼻Ϊĳһת۶ı䣬˷룬ûܹĿ϶ԣѩĮҲпܶѣûоԵĿ϶
ȻûзʲôĻӦǽˣ
ʦӹɣڻʱڣʦڣֻͱūˣ
Ӱʵ׵ĻֻؾͿԿĳһɭǿߣ
пܣӵߣڵѪܣ
壬ҲǾǿ󣬵ǣȴǲϲ٣ȻǸдˣ
Ծ񣬲䣬˶ǲ̶ֳȵĽսУһпܻɵ
緽ţɭش·磬Ǿĸ˼ʱֻ֣Ҫڶħ򱬵ˣ
ʤһ˲䣡
ôô
һԣ¹ѩĮߴߴţżڴ
ƽɭܣЩȲҪ֪ƾܲܶôȵһ

ѩĮ̾һЩӵһԶɫķơ
̾ʲôǿ˵
ôһ̾õ¹ظЩˣץͷġ
󡭡û䣡
ѩĮ΢΢ۣ΢ҡҡͷ
һŻ죬ǲף죬ʲô
޸ʹѪܣǺɫԣӦ޸ɣ
ôﻹ˭ǷСӵĶְղǡ
¹ҲһĴ㵣Բ۾ţȴǱһԵĸס졣
ʵˣԲй¶ݣӵԱ֮࣬Ȼ粽Уңпܻᱻ֮˶ɱ
Ȼ˵˻ʸĸͷǣ飬ȴǲݶϷġ
ֻǣǻǲΪΣѾΪڤɭȴȡȵһأ
ѵ˵仹гڤһˣ
ԴˣƲ΢üͷ
ʵвΪģɭкܳһβֻ࣬궯ɭУŽȡʤ
ǰӰĻô滹ûжܹȡʤġ
ʱ̨ϵӰѾǿʼ򶷣õ˶ǽĿ̨ϣҲѹе֣ŵĿ̨ϵı任
̨ڣһɭ׵ĵ绡˸˸Ǵ̶ĲĻ䣬ǽռ䶼һϸСѷ죬ģƺҪȫѿ
һһѪɷڳ壬ϢϯǸ̨Զ˶ǸоЩķЩ־ˣֱӱߣõĺѹѹȺУҲǳ˲ٵɧҡ
̣
Ѫӣײһ𣬱ŷصըϵƲʶˣײм䣬ѿһ޴ѷ죬ռƬƬѣΪޡ
˫֮ĲҲ˳
ײ䣬ǣѪʴȴǸǿⷽÿһεײⷽǻ࣬Ǿ޴ĳõҲЩףֻǣڣȴǼᶨơ

һ˫׹˸˸һ绡۶ɵףһһããУ³űۣŻ̡
¡¡
תʱؾɫҲԭʵҲƹֻܲǹģȴûе¡
ʱ̨ڣȴҲƹ޾׽䣬һǷѪ֮ϣһǧٿף̨ڣŻصϢ
壬Ȼǿƣ
˾Ϊп
ֻǣˣѪ֮ĲӰȴûܵ˿Ӱ죬һ˫ӳ죬ֱе磬ǵĮ֮⣬ƺؼû˭ܹڡ
Ѫף
΢΢һţǷ˷츲صı任
ڣӳһɫǷһԾţȫÿһ䣬ȥǴһһʺޣ״ˮƹ죬ǣʵÿһУƺһѪʬɽǺɷ
ôһѪףһһƽ磬ƾ׺ҡһƥսΧһУˮܼ£ȴд⣬


1383 ɱ
һȵıȶȻǿᣬǣʹֻδȴӰһѪ׵ķƳˣͽ˾̾ѡ
˻ʸ޸ĸǳ˲˵Ű
ϣ˶ţ󲿷˶ǴϲɫֻЩ壬ǳ
ǿ󣬳˵Ԥ֮⣬ų壬һҲ෴ģһεʮǿÿһǾǿ
壬Ҫˡ
һЩĸΪԶˣ˸˸һЩһˣڶˮ
ţضƽҪڰ½ϴһΪ
ڵų裬ĴϣǳԾ˿ȥЩǿ棬ֻܴǨͣã
ڣӵʱȻҲҪֻЩ軹ȥ
ǣЩΪԵ壬϶ĿЩ˳ɳǱض
ʱĶңҪˣпܣᱬǰδеĴս
⼸ǱȻ
ȴû˵ӣҪ룬෴ģһ޼ƽԭվŵˣһǶ־߰ѪڣҪȥս
˻ţҪΪԼȥսͷѪҲϧ

ʱ̨ϣӰһһƽȽβҡǴ޵߳oһУ֮ϣ
磬ֻһˣֻǣСϣȴûа⣬෴ģƽƺѾԤϵˣ㿪˲Ӱһ磬̨ߣͷƣ绡˸˸һ񣬲ʩ硣
ߣ
һֱܿԼĹӰҲɵһһĨ⣬и³ǷģѪ

ʱһѪΪľϯ˳Хϯ죬㳯˷ȥ
ķӦҲܹŹ֣ûѡӲǼߣͷϣһһҳ֣绡ˮ㴹䣬ӻڣǣ߼䣬ȴδһΣƺѾҪʱһ
ôʲô
̨£΢΢һ˫ͫڣâ˸˸ϸĹ۲·ߡ
ţӦò֮
Ȼھһ۲֮󣬷ƱǿֻҪ߹ĵطǶе绡Ĵڡ
Щ绡ɢֻǲĶѣǣȴΪǿǴǺƺƵѪУҲѾҴ֮ƺĳضӣϸһȴǳֳһĪͼ
⡭
ɢ绡ڵͼƵڱ͸¶һĨ㵵ɫƺµҪʲôˡ

ǼϢ䣬ٶߣ̨м䣬ͻأͣû䣬и³һЩ϶ɬ
ˣ
˲䣬һɵ绡۶ɵĴ۶ɣռ˰̨һɻһеĴƺХϯ̨
¡¡
ڲӰһ䣬޾ױǵصĺûڣɷڵѪҲ޾֮±飬ΪС
磬վڴм䣬һָķ£޾䣬ﾡ٣
Ȼܹһɱ󣿣
Ļ˾вܡ
ʱգѾʧĶˣڣǶͨˣᱻ˳֮Ϊʦ
ɼжôƿˣ
ǣǰⲻǶʮҵŮӣȴƿһԶɱ
ɼжôĲ
ֻǣ̨µķƣ΢΢üͷȴûеõչ෴ģĸˡ
޾׺£ӰȻܵ˼ĴϵѪףҲһϸСѷ죬ǣȴûѣ
ֻǣǾ޴ĳҲõܣؿڷƣѪǸףҲܵһɹ֮ʹüͷ塣
Ȼƿɱ󡭡
ӰǳѪһĨ졣
۳ףп﷭ԵɱУ
ն
·һľ޽۶ɣɷڳ壬Χµףֱһıնء
һ쳤˸˸ˣɭȣǵòӣݡ
ն
ףֳ񽣣һ˫ӳ죬³Ļгն£һ޵ĳɫǧ걻仮ϣ˿һ飬һɾɷ⣬һɫϡ
ꡭ
΢ͣͣ羪㵵Ŀ£·նϣѪ׹ⶼȥ


1384 ǿ
һɱ飬Ҳõܵشʹֱӱˡ
ˡ
ɷףǻһĨ۵ѪͷھȻɫ
ĵһβҰܣңȫԸ£ǿһʱڣܵ˲̶ͬȵĴ

ĻƵ̾һӽ̨ŲӰ˹֣ߣʲôҲû˵ֻǽӵ뻳Уİοš
֪ŮЩһ
磬ռҵĹΪ壬֮Ů
˵Ҳ˳˳ˮûаֻ֣֮ǣһ֮󣬲ǿʤԸ
ˣɵϣ㻹ء
ƽıһũҩҩԸڵĴˡ
Ƹ磬ǲǺûã
ã̧ͷ˫Щ죬ˮЩ˻ơ
ôûأ㣬Ҳн찡ɵϡ
֣ḧĨȥۡ
֮ǰ飬жϧӱ޲ǽͳ
ˣ
ֻ´棬ƿԭϣӯӯЦ⣬һǺƸӣ
˵գһˣƮ£ȥ
Ǻǣ
ҡҡͷ΢΢һǳǳĻȡ
ʵʲôԲҪֻҪˣƽԣ
žۣİأԸ
Ҳܶ˶뷨֮ԱǣǣƵȷôһĿŬš
Ƹĸα㰡Ƹͻȥ
Ů֣ƵҲͷȥˡ
СӣǺ޸
Զһ˶ǿƵĿ⣬͡
˵һʼǸעˣ붾񸮵ĳͻҲû˻ȥע
ǳ֮飬˭֪ƽ棬ûаʢ֮ˣȻǰʱʢİ֮ˣ
ѹ֯Ա췣
ĺ飬õ˶Ƕе˲һֺġ
һʾˣʲôܹȥԴʥ۷֯أ
Ĳ˵һˣһǣûмӵӣ
Եǣȴת˾ơ
ΪȡԼŮ֮ʱ͵¶ԼͷǣĶͷȻﶼˣ
һڲͬˣ
ÿһУôġ
֯ǰǿƣڶǰǿƣǣԼǰԼǰȴǼΪţˡ
ӱسɴ
Щһ˸п˻ʸ֮֮

ڣǿѾǷƣֻأӰ
˵ǿ˶ǿУرǶڷӰһս˶Ǵһڴ֮ġ
ǿ
̨ϣ׷ͯɨһһԵˣ΢΢˵ͷǰ
ɭʮǿͱ̭ˣõľĸ˵ɫһֱǲôÿŷƵɫҲΪơ
ݺ޵еڤ壬Ȼڴ֮ͥ°Уܲ˵ģ
ĸĳ裬һսҲΪڤ;ϵһԶҲ޷ϴˢ۵㣡
Ժ󣬾ǵȵɭڤɣݵʱ𵽵ЧҲἫļܵ˵Ĳɣ
ǿɲȡǩʽÿսΪھ
׷ͯɿڣ嵭ǣԾʹ֮⣬ǣǲʱһǳǳĻȡ
Ȩ
Ļ֮󣬸̨£һӲʱྪȵĿ⡣
˵ģȻֻأ
ӰսһѾˣٸһλᣬǴ̨޵ķΧڵĻûеֵİա
ڷơ
һӵпռ츳֪ģԼ֮ȻĪ⣬ǣڵĳ̶ȣǣҪܿҲκβˣ
˵ɱ֣ͷʹľӵпռ츳ˣһǿԴգӷΧռ䶼ҪΪã𲻵һɱЧ
ңΪҪǣ̨£Ҳ͵ϮЧ
ֻ䣬΢˱¶˽ɫûɱ񸮵ĸˣɫҲû¶ʲôɫ෴ģǴһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ǸڵˣϵϢǽȺУҲˣǣվģȴûһС


1385 һս
Ȼˣô̽оλ̨
׷ͯĿһֻأһɱ񸮸֮󣬱ٴ˵ţһ½һĿʼ
Сӣ
ڷҪ̨ʱһԵ¹شУȻĿ˹ܿ¹صܱЩûĿ
СӣһҪȡùھɶˣˣҲû˼ˣһͷײˣ
¹Щʵ˵ţֻǣᰡôҲϵۣҲЩźۼ߰ġ
óô˻ˮ
̱ŵСιС¶࣬¹ǻģ˴ЦֻǣЩΪˡ
˵Ƶòùھθɣ
Ҿ
εĵһۣŮһǰο񣬱ΣƮ̨
˶Ǵ̨ϵʱȫ𽥵ıǳΧֻصķ쳹
Ĺһ벻ȻӰ֡
Ʋû¶⣬෴ģļҳĿ˵š
ʱĲӰǿ󣬾ݴʥӼ񣬵ʱҲ˼Ϊ̵ӡֻǣʱĲӰӦǴһҷӡ״̬ǿ
ֱڣʵƻǲײӰʱ
ǿΪλȥЩʥأ
½ϣʥӼǾԵǿ󣬾һǿߡ
ǣôҲ벻֮˵۰ɣ
Ҳ𰸣Ҳֻ֮ܽڣǸŹֵˡ
ҲΪԵУдֵأҲûгûɱԣƶҲһЩøС
޸ˣǾһͷͷǱеޣǿ󣬵ǵ͵ڱҪ֮ʱ˷һ
ǡ
ţ
Ӱ΢˵ͷЩ˻ƣĳƽʱ˵ԸЩƧ
Ҳ⣬û뵽ų粻۵ķƣվڽ̨棡
еӰֿɲҪ⣡
΢΢һЦ֮ҲԭڵͫףģȻҲǱһɫ
ʱϵϢƽתΪ壬Եսڳ壬ȥһԶʱڵһ
ӰҲûж˵һ˫Ѫڣ˸ˮĹһͷͷɷڣΧɫȾ죬Ѫ㣬ӳĵһޡ
ǣ
Ʊһһ壬ǿռ鿪˻ӰŲӰȥŹװƣɫ绡ȭͷ˹ȥһ·ϣǲһֲĺɫۼ
ħȭ
ӰһĨӨĺ⣬ȭͷǻȼյѪܣֱӲȥ
̣
ȭͷҵײһ𣬱ŷըХſֱӱ忪ԶӰβǻ˻ΣС˰벽ѣ
¶ٷ֣˵벽Ϊ췣ĳɷڣòӰδС
֣Ϊ䲻궯
ӦֲͬѰѪܣԺôһͷٴȭͷȥޣϮԼ
£Ҳȷ벻ףΪɭͻ궯
궯Ҳһкܴʤġ
ˣСӸǼһĶ֣ˣûþˡ
̨ϣӰĲϺ˵ķƣ̨£¹һƨɾ˵ϣ૳һ˫ͫڣ͸¶ֵɫ϶˼Ƥ䲻ģʹһ
ûףʱҲûܶģҲֻˡ
¡
һըУֱӱ׷˳ȥӰҲǵ󲽡
ǿȻڤ廹Ҫǿһ
ǿѹ˷Ѫǳűڣֳ侲ء
ɱ
û˿ԥƱ֮ս֮췣۳һھ޽ʱϢռ䶼Ǳͱˡ
ն
ӰֻһһĳҲ۶ɣųɭϢ
徿
ȴûӭսһƣֱӱʧ̨ϣǻһ磬ʧ١
ô£
Ȼ׾Ƿʲô飬ãȻ
һˣȻôʧˣ˷ѽ⣡
ѵҲ
˻ɣԼʡ
Ͼֻص֮Ҳ˵ĳףʧɾϢҲû¡
Ӱ΢һҲǸӵľϣֱһʺס


1386 ս
ʱ̨ϣǳ˹һĻֻвӰһķƣȴʧûһ˿һĺۼ
Ȼǿռ츳
̨ϣڶһĨȻɫţһĨ¶
֮壬̫ľˣĪ˵ǹ׼֮ռ֮ǲСﰡ
ԶʱڣƾһµĿռ츳£ûκε˲ϢǧoҲ׷ٶȡ

꣡
̨ϣͻأı춯ڲӰΧʮҵĿռ䣬˷鿪һƬƬаգңż٣ŲӰȥ
С
ӰȻЩ⣬ǣܿǷӦ˹г쳤һƬƬֱնϱըΪ䡣
ֻǣ⵶֮꣬ƺ޾ռ䲻ϵѿǻһɱŴ̶ƿŸλϮӰ
ףϷ
ڵϵ¹أһĻֱӱ˷ܵɨ̨ƺҪҳƵμлţСӣƻֶ࣬ϣҪǧٿס


һ΢ƿһɼµɱӶڲӰһڵľ޽ֱնĺ󱳡

ǹɱõëը𣬷ֱһϣײھ޽ŷǽӵռ䣬ѿ
ֻǣҪȥ׷ʱ򣬵꣬òӦƶŲ
ΪЩռ䵶棬ǴһЩɫĵ绡ִĻϢڸ⵶УƿԼϵ׷
˱ǿĵ굱Уһڵľ޽ҲǲϵĴӸĲλϮɱȥնӰҪλõЩæӦ
ռ츳𣿡
ܿģӰ뵽㣬ȻȣǣҲδɫ෴ģâʱ˫ӱһЩ仯ԭѪȻɽ籡һķ
Ѫ
һ߲ŲҵӦԣУ³ǷĹʱһɾ޴Ѫܣҽһ緢˳ۣһ֮Զĳռ䣬ɷڳ壬һеѪһ
һǿ֮ľ
ѪһɣΧĿռ䶼ֱѿˣǳܲסŷѪĴڣЩϮĵУɱѪڣ˺һ֮󣬱Ǻܿıֱ̲ǽ˲Ӱһ֮Զˡ
ռڵķƣȻҲǱ¶ǰ
ն
Ѫ壬ֳֳ쳤ֱӳŷնȥһѪĻߣڵռԵøۡ
徿
ƽ̤Ű˲䣬ǳڳֱܲնʺѪڡ
Ȼʩչǿٶȴǵõ˼֮࣡

ĳڵռײһ𣬱ŷϯΪ֮ˡ
Ȼƿ˿ռ֮
Ļ֮Զ˾һ˫۾ǵԲˣǼʲô˼һ
֮壬ӵвܵټϿռ֮ѵҪ죬ɾ͵λ֮λ𣿣
ʵڵķƣҲΪƣò㣬ӰӲԿľ
ӰƿܣҾôƴƶ·磬ʱΨƾ췣֮ռ츳Ѱȡʤ

һα˺Ǿ޴ķƼѿˣؿڷƣ㽫ӿϺѪ
Ӳˣ
̤ԶԶ˿üͷ΢΢
Ӳ̫ԿˣôȥܵǸ
ӡ
ûκԥģƱתɢȥеľ޽۳һֻڴŵ绡Ĵӡ
¡¡¡
޴һ̫ս˿ռ䣬ռڶǱŷ֮һĪƣŴѪڵĲӰշѹȥ
ն
Ӱδη壬һ˫ӣǻȼգɷ죬һƬĿռ䶼ˣгĳǳŴӡն䡣

̶ƿ쳹ڵռ䶼ǻһĻߣɷ޵ǳĳնơ
̣
˫ײһ𣬾޴Ʊ룬ʱ޴ϫǺХһŰڲӰѪı飬Ѫ硣
նӡƲû⣬ֻǣЩء
ʱֶξȴκβ˲ӰѵһȶҪ


1387 
ʱ̨ϣǿƵ٣ֻܿӰ˿ռ䣬ų쳤ϵĻ䣬նһշڴӡ
Ǳ濴ȥƺӰһֱڰľ޷ı䣬ǣ̨ϵĴǣȴǿеı׶ơ
Сûĵ˵Ļֻ¡Ҫ䡭
૳üͷ΢¶ǵɫ
̶ȣȻǿĸΪͨˣʵһʼǱǷ˷ƴƣȻΪζܣ
ƣȷ־У޼ƿʩˣ
ͬȽ׵壬ûκεƣƾ췣֮ˣ
ˣҲòȥܣǳˣ
˶𣿡
Ӱ˫ѪȼգĿŷƣɷڣ³Ļ
ԭΪԼĶֻɭǣȴû뵽ɭᱻƻܣ
ܵԩ
ؿռᣬõԼҲʧȥ˶ܵĻᣬԲ
Ӱ֣ΪΣƲʹöɭַĹƣ
ܹвõģҲһֹƶѣֻҪɭĴ󣬱ܹʤƣ
Ҫ𣿡
⻰ƻˣڷ쳹ɫĹλƣ䣬һ㵭ĵ绡˸
Ѫ
Ӱ·䣬һɷ̨֮ռѪɣǲһռ䡣
һĻŲӰһѪڣȻ߳һʺӰ
һοܣ߰Ӱһȥķһʺ͸ڵѪ۶ɣֳֳɷڣǴӵ߳Ķħʹߣǡ
ৡ
һЩѪӰ𣬻٣ŷɱгԥն䣬ǰƣȥȻǲȲӰ١
徿
һ飬ӲⲻɱѪܣһ̤ǹһĴռ磬˸
ֻǣЩƺ޾಻ϵĴѪ߳磬׷ɱơ
ɱ
ܼĹƣΨз۷ӡ۳ھ޽̤УնǰĿܡ
ܲǲӰʮ֮һܣһʱӦĹƾũҩΣսãûа㲻ʡ
ֻǣЩҲǼΪѲǻҪնأǾȻܹ¸ԭǲһ
ȥУ
ſռԽԽĿܣиǳأɫǲÿ
ԼȻԴƶƿصǿؼѣڶͬȽ׵Ķ֣ǫ̀
õǿؼĿŨࡣ
ԼٶЩֶΣܹ츳ܷӳ֣ʱҲ־
ǣĳȴ;ˣЩӽӵĲ࣡
Ψͻˣƿ֮Ҳʤ󣡡
һ뵽һ취
ʱ췣֮ռ֮ƣѷӰƿصܣôܲӰǲܣ
ʱƿнľˮףּԣǣȴֻ׼һ֣֣޷Դܡ
𣡡
뵽ҪͻƵʱԺֱӾ͸ֳл׶ɭ֮µһĻ
һĨڷƮҡʱϨĻ磡
˶Իк֣ܴܶ𣬿Է籡ɽӿȣ෴ģ᧿ΣһҪϨĻ磬ȴǲ˷С
ǣȴǻ壡
Ϩ
ܹĲϨôѾ۷弫£
ʱڶܼ䣬ƱŬȥ뵱ʱǸ桭
һ磡
ΪѾӦβĲƬ̼䣬ڣȻһ쳹š
֮߰ʱǻɽ籡ҽյأͳ֮ʱȴǷûаƣȴأǿĴš
ڵ֮ڣ·ܲıϣԼ䣬Щһ·֣˸Ż⡭ЩƺΪЩ·ֶ춯š
ڱϵ·һıأƺǧһ磬õķ°빦
ΪϿףɾڵһּٶڳŷеǸµڸıš
ٶȣǱ˵֪ԻᾪУ˼ʮ֮࣬ҪǣȻڷĵ£Ȼܵڣ˸飡
ڷУƺȻ飡


1388 ֮ǿ
¡¡¡
̨ڣһƬضΪ֮ζ̨УѪɷڣһѪһĴڡ
Ѫ֮ڣһӰӶţǻʺ죬ûаʣһ˫˫Ϻɫͫף죬ȼգԼһǻɷڣ磬ʹߣⷽ޿ռڣ׷Լ
ৡ
һɫӰѪڴٶȺܿ죬۸׽гһɫľ޽䣬ǽһʹ߸նأѸٵͨӰĴ˸޺ۼԣЩʹߵ׷ɱ
Ҫˡ
һĻУǲɵ̾һ
ȻⲢΪ̫ˣΪĶ֣ʵ̫ǿˣ
ϧǷ죬ܹȡһ
һ˸пΪ̾Ϣ
ֻǣûлõһȴҲû˸С
Ͼھϣһȼ֮࣬ͬףҲͻ᲻һ
Ǹ̨ϵĴǣʱҲΪѾŲ˶ˣ׷ͯѾ׼ʱ־ˡ
͸ղŵ½淢һУѾӷƣ
񸮣ɱ񸮣ϰ֮壬ֽӽֶΣǳɳ˻ʸû֮壬Ҳܹͥ⣡
ԣеĵλ֪
ʧȥôһλţǽʹ˻ʸٴε˻ԭ㣬пܻᱻ϶棡
ûϷûϷˡ
¹վҡҡ׹ૣһ֮ˡ
Ӱ̫ˣ̶ֳȵĿܣÿһ߶ܹһ֮ˣǣ֮£ܾȻ޾һʱ̨ϣѾʮѪ۶ɵĿܣ
ֻǣ˭Ҳûп˫ȴǲʱķһЩת䡣
ԭѪһͫףʱȻǳ죬ǣȴһĨȼš
ʱɽ籡ʱл򣬹䣡
ڣŸϿ쵴ƴԶԶ߸Ͽܱģ
ȻƲ֪߸Ͽε֪ĻԻ𾪣
ΪŸϿ쳹ܹһЩʥ֮ˣ
Ҳ˵Ͽףײ㣡
Ȼʥһ׵ʵΪܹѹʥף
ʱڷУΪϸûдĺôҲǺôûлӷ
ңģԶԶֹЩڵɶ֮ϣٶȣҲ֪Ǳ֮˿˶ٱˣ
֮ڣڱϵЩ·ˣ쳹ķһ⵶ĵĵӡϣдԼĺۼ
۳ʮһ֮󣬲Ӱͣ䣬һ˫ѪĿѪеķƣģеĳ쳤
ն
ڷΪΧһ˲䣬Ӱٵĳ֣նһĺۼԼ٣ֱ˷Ƶı֮˳ȥ
һ˲䣬Ƽ˹ȥϵľʹǽնһ۵һ
ѣһĺۼѪⱻܹڵĹնأ׹ɭɭнɫѪҺ
ѪȻǽɫģ
ϣһЩۼˣ״һ˫˫ͫڣ͸¶˼ɫ
ѪҺɫֻдﵽһˣԼġӡѪҺУȥǻὫѪҺɫת䣡
ǳʶ֪飡
õĪĴУҲֺɫ
һЩڲ²⣬оʮа˾š
ƵһУõǸеȣǵõĳλǿߵĴУôǿô͵ģ
ֻǣǸеǣΪΣһֱûĴڣ
ꡭ
ڱ׷ɵĹ̵УƵı֫ǰأǱΧĿѪſƤòҡ
һЩ˿ǲĿȥ۾Ʋͷȥ
̨ϣ׷ͯҪ֣ǣȴͣǻǵڣһĨĹâ
ΪڷƵ˫ڣҲǰѪĨ硭
Ļ磬һͻأģôȼˣͬʱڣеĵӡϣԵıǶһɫ˸˸ˣ
ˡ
ַܸ߰ƺܵͳ쳹ϢڻصţһĪƣǴӷ籡˳ǻɽһõƣֱǱ˼֮࣬ΧѪֱӳˣƳһԼĵ


1389 ƶ
ô£
ͻƣԶ˽һĿ⣬ǵƤѪӰ
ԭ˲ӰһػϵĺâɢˣڼڶܵĴǽҲȥǴʱ˶ΪҪܱʱһɸΪӴȴǴھϯ˳ڵǻһƣֱڣΧĿռѪֱӱˣһ嫺룬ɽĴƣӿܣеһoһĴǣһҪǲȥֱӣ
ⳡ棬ԡһģת֮죬˸ӦԶԶģϣȻƺĲӰгƽƣƺƵ
ͻˣ
һǴȴȻ
ΪɻǴڷʥһ׵ľϣûͻƶף
ô£
ȻһãȻ֮ɫŪоǷʲô顣
ͻƣΪΣ
ѵһ
Ĳɣ뵽ȥá
û˻ǾǷƵļˣˣһıأһһĽҿȴǷ֣һƬãã͸
ԣ¶һǿҲǲܹܵ飡
һЩ۲ϸˣܹһ󡭡
ǾǣڷڳɫһЩ仯䵭ˣԭīһī֭ϡһһЩҹ⣬ʣǻҳһ
ֻǣֱ仯ȴûжȥ⣬ǹʹõط֮ˡ

̨ϣ׷ͯ߻ǵһĨɼľ⡣
ҪֵʱԾͷڷڵĨ硭
ǻԣ
ЩţڷڸûлԵĲΪȴлͻƵ¶أ
ȻֻһɲǣǺܾñͱͬˣǣȴǱ׽ˣ
飬ڽֻܴһԣبˣûйı䣡
ʱڷڣȴԵģΪΣȻлԵأ
ͬںϣѵ
ͻأģ׷ͯߵһ
˲֪ǣ˻ʸĻȴǶһЩһ˽⣡
˶֮˽⣬Ǿһ
ǣ˻ʸļȴйһЩģļأ֮壬ȻΪʣǣȴںϲͬԵ
ҲΨһƹĴڣû֪ΪΣ֮Ҳ˽⣡
ǣʱȴǳǰӵֲͬԵĲĵ
˵ٳλʣǾԲŵģܹʵˣֻʣ
ʱ׷߲ͯû¶״ЩͷҲһһƵӣվž޲ˡ
Сӣ˶ֶΣ
¹ص࣬𾪣ǿЦ
˫֮䣬ƺͲһεĴڣ

Ȼ֣
ӰݵĲ죬ҲܿǷӦ˹һ˫ͫʺɫˮһ貶ˣ˸ĺ⣬ɱ
ৡ
һ£һĿܣǶǳŷɱ˹ȥɷڣ˺أеĳǳŷ䣬ռ䱻˺ˣϯ

Ƹûʱȥ鿴ڵı任˿֮ڣ˲ǻ˳ɫһɱϢ籡ǻɽ緢һ
ɱ
·죬һɫ޽۶ɣֽ˷ֱӳһȺɱȥ

һǿٵصĳֻǼһڵâرһ߾߿ܣɵһסƣֱӱնΪأ岻١
ꡭ
Ӱ̤徿ϵЩܵ˸еĳ˿ԥֱӳЩк췣ֱӽ֮ըٴۡ
һֿĻӰѪܣҲ
徿֮£Ȼڶʱڵõ˺ܴٶȸ˲٣Ƭ̼䣬ʮ߿ܱըѿѪڣ̨ռڣɷҲǵ࣬Ѫɢ
˻
Ļ˶ǵһ𾪲ѡ
һαȻתƣ
Ӱ״һǽЩٻأѪС


1390 ǫ
ϧˣ
һ߾߿ȥ̾һٴ׷ϼն֮Ҳ׷ʼơ
ЩܣɲӰѪۣڣǴֻҪնɱһߣܹܴһʱ϶Իָ
ԣЩѾǷƵĶ֣Ӱǽ֮ȫٻˣ˷ѣٱɱȥֻҲսˣ
ˣʱҲɫЩףͷҲ΢ЩģˣѪɫҲȥ
ѵȻǹ˵𣿡
ԶѾָķƣӰ΢΢
ЩɣǲǷƵһսʾȻٱ
ҺãһֱԣʧҲǺܴ
徿
ȻҲǿϵĨ԰ףûзŹѵõĻᣬһΧڵĿռѿһСڣɵ绡һɾ˵ĻŲӰһȥ
ꡭ
޾ĵУŸǶȴ룬ŲӰѪɱǧٿףЩͻ˷ϣ˼۵˺ۡ
Ȼˣ
޸ˣ̨ϵĴУ̨µѧԱڶ͸¶һĨ㵵ɫʱЩڸ
λϵĴܴˣ
һ½ȣ޸Ϊûж̽ǾΪ޸ڣôһλǿ˵Ĵڣ˶ţܹһ׵û
ǣʱȴܹͻķˣǾʹܹ
ȻǺܲԸţǣӰϵĴˣȴʵĴڣɸı䣡
Ѫ
ϵľʹõĲӰ˹ǿԺڵĲʣ߷ؼƺƵ˳һѪΪģ˷ӶȥշһУͻѪĵУնѪУҲŲ˶ãǱûˡ
ǿľشҲͻ˲С
ӡ
ɢȥеľ޽ӡ֮۶ӡͬ죬۶ΧĿռǶˣĲһƬƬ£¶ڵռ䡣
ӡ
Ѫʱ򣬷ƱǽӡƳǾһֻԶoĴ̽ѹһУֱƿ˹ϯѪŴѪڲӰշȥռ죬һ·϶Ǳշķ飬Ƽĺƴ
ն
Ӱپͷ󣬵Ҳ޿κΣò𳤽նӡ
̣
ӡײѪУʱһʯһѪĽѹշײӰ

ĳ޴ɽӡײһ𣬶ʱǱŷǽӵ˴ӡߣȴסХϯѪֱըˣʺѪһĴʻţǲãѪ̨ûˣڣռ䶼ǱһѺۣѿ

һĨ죬³
¡
Ļ£ڵӡԼųһõ̻һɿ񱩵ǿբˮһ˳ֱӱǺδĲӰؿڣֱӾը˳ȥУѪ䡣
ӡ
ƲϢĻᣬΪҲΨһܹʤĻᣬʱһֱֻֻ۶һɽһŲӰշȥ
Ļ޸ˣ޲ɫ䣬ܲÿ̨ϵ޸ˣɫҲЩࡣ
˭ܹԤϵƾȻܹ﷭ӶѹӰ
¡¡¡
һֻֻӡײȥֱӶԼǿ񱩵ҵĳŲӰõһһڵѪϵĺš

޸˼Ļɵ̾һ䣡
ףòӰĸ䣬ǲܵ飬ԻƴΪ˲¶ĳЩֻÿˣ

⻰һƱֱͣˣѾշѹȥĴӡҲֱӻΪޡ
Ӱ֣ã
û¶Ц⣬һأɫĲӰ˹֣ĸΡ
Ҳʵʤ֮䣬϶ǲòӰĸԸ
˵ǳŲӰܴǶʱ䣬ʤ׷ҪӮǲܵ顣
Ӱּ£εȷˣ˵СֶΣʤ֮䣬Ӱܹ⡭ΣʵǱõõһȻˣ
Ҳ󷽣ڣͬʱҲ˼ҩԣûӰڣûãӰɫǻָ
Լ⣡
ӰЩӵ˷һۣûж˵ʲǫ̂Ҳûֱͣӳ޸жȥ


1391 ˻ʸ
ӮˣӮˣӮˣ۹
ڳֻʣһغĳϣͻأģǴһŵĴЦݳ
ЦģȻ¹Ǽһ
ʱܱţǿ޽ţһһѱĳŸϲţõĺɫһƬ࣬Ҫѣȴκβֻһߵվ¡
һӢô˰
ֻǣ¹һȷʧˣӵãٴ˵ΣҲѰ
ڣħˣ
ôܣһֱδ䣬Ϊ޸˻ܣ
һԣѩĮȴûаϲɫ෴ģһ˫üͷɡ֣ͫڣ¶ãɫ
ľͷһŻ죬ô˵½ȵĹھɫйأȻܲµɫľʲôǣӦʹѪܵ޸ѧԱйأ
ֻǣȴ⣬޸ǿߣӰȻ˷ƣ
ˣôᣬǣδ䣬ƾȻת˽֣ЩɣǲԼݵĲ׼ȷ
һԣѩ࣬Ҳˣ֮ǰݹӦ޸һҲûϵôһ
ӮˣȻӮˡ
֮Ӯˡ
˻ʸȻ˵һѹڸ
˶ǷӦ˹ʱϱɧ𣬴Ǿп
ӮˣӮˣһδתУ϶壬ɭӰǿĶ֣һ½ȵһ
˶û뵽ģΪҪģ޸ĸôҲ벻ԼеƣȻˣ
ر˽ӰɭһЩϸˣ֣Щ޷⣬Ϊǰǿǣ˵У
ҲԼ˵ģ˶ǰɣ
Ȼ˵ѧԱǣǸ̨ϵĴҲܲˣ
ֻк׷ͯߣһĨɼļ
⣬˶ʣôʤôûֽأ
˵ףʵʹȻ
ңڼͻƵһ˲֮󣬸ǻ
֮壬˻ʸֻһʣҲֻܹ֮סˣȻл׶磬Ƕװܱˣ
ʵѾ˵˺ܶˣڼһĨĲ֮Ѿаٷ֮ʮİȷˣ
λ飿
ĳ˿ѹеļ¶һž޲һԵ޸ĸʵ
˶û˵ɫÿƲͷ
ǳ־ģʲô飿
Ȼλûô˴ʥѧ½ȵĹھ˻ʸƣ
׷ͯߴʱҲǴһĨ΢ߺЩ߰쳹Ұǧ֮⣬˶ܹ
˻ʸƣ
֣ڳ˶εļס
ȵʱ򣬺׷ͯȴǳһλԺ΢ĵ˵ͷʧԭأ֪١
ֻǣȴû˹עǵ٣ǶƷɻ̨ϵķϣ
һʱ䣬һʱ䡭
׷ͯ߿ŷƣǵڣ
ĴԺȻȥʰЩȺߵ̽ӡ
ǷȻûбҪôǣһȴͬţЩжԵ壬Բưոݣǿģ
ԣǱҪЩս̽Ӹɱˣ˾Ǵ˳ȥҲǴŶˣ
ţǴţһ㶼˽֪ϾۼΪʵΪԴޣ
ڷƵİݣȴ֮Ȼǿ󣬵ҲвЩ壬ԣڻᷢ͵ս
ֻҪһʱ䣬÷Ƶ˳ɳǲҲȥ
˴֮䣬ԹԶʱھʹڣۻ޾£ûм٣෴ģѾҪըĵزˣ
ֻǣ඼Ը£ûоԵİѹԷԣ˭Ҳûж֣

̨ϣվУûжϲãƽֻǣڼԶļλ޵Цգǣһ΢СĻȡ
ȡõһˣжĳɾ͸УʵɭɭӰˣ
ֻǣս˵ȴǲ
ΪɭӰǶѾϰǿѹȡʤ෴ģɷȴǲ̫ע⡣
´ΣһҪƾʵǣ
΢΢ȭͷһĨᶨϢӳ̨Ÿ̨ȥ


1392 
ŷƶڣһ½ȱǽβ˼һݽ֮󣬱Ļˡ
Ǽ飬½ʱ򣬱ɢ
ڤ¶棬Ϊ˻ʸ½ѧԱ
붾񸮽棬á
ܸǿƶ֣½ȹھ
һϵеϢ캧ˣڶԾ඼Ըš
˻ʸѾįʥѧĵλͲˣֻǣҲ֪ʲôԭ޸ĸȴտڲҪ϶滻˻ʸԣ˻ʸЩȻƣǣ϶Ŀ꣬ȴҲһֱûдɡ
ʥѧ˽֪رǾĸ¹ţУǶҪ˻ʸʥѧơ
ûеԵɣǰ϶ţѾԶԶĳ˻ʸǾĸһô˻ʸͱʥѧˣֻǣĸȴûô
˵Ĳ²⣬һ˻ʸ֮񿪴ÿֻ֮أԳΪ
ڶҲ֮ԭΪĹͣûܹģ
Щԭ򣬶Խ͵ĹȥԣҲûжȥңҲûܹ˽յԵɡ
ڣ˻ʸ͹ȵʱһ˲ţ֮壬ѹڸᾫ񣬶õһֽ˻ʸţƵߵ㡣
˵ʱֻҪ֮д棬ôûܹ˻ʸĵλ
Ϣ˻ϲ˳
ͨڣȻΪ˻ʸϲ֮飬ڱ˻ʸ壡
һЩˣȴǳˡ
϶
ǹһ񰡣ţһʧһѪѪһȥԺҲǰʧԺҲû϶һˣ
ʱһտĴڣһӰڵأһԣһվɫֽܲÿǰĸߵϣһӰݣǣģȴһĪ¶ҪĤݵ
İĹߴӵɢǿܹڵӰ
ǳ½ȵģ϶϶壡
ʱΪ϶ĸˣɪɪĹھǻ̻η壬˿û½ȳϵǰ硣
ڣѾĬܾˣԼ˰ʱڸߵϵǵӰ۾Ǿһҫۣͫ貶Ŀ˸ֱӡ
ͬʱһɫѹǾϯѹǻ̱ڵأ϶壬ҲɵĵɫɷףͷҲȥ
˵ʹѪҲǰˣ
˿УտĴᣬǣȴõǻӲɵһ
ǡ
亹죬ϣĺˮʪһ顣
Σȷ֮⣬Ҳû뵽ԭƻе飬ȻһҲûдɣЩƣ
ңΪҪģʧȥһѪ
˵ʱҪҲΪ
ߣ
Щǵ׹ػ⻤ϣֱӾײ˳ȥѪòҡ
һĨʹȴɲҷڵأ飬̿֡
Ҵ£
ڴ쳹һվ϶ҲЩ̵̻վ֪Ǻá
ȥ֮ǰ⻤ģޱʹһֶΣ˻ʸùھ
ԣŻʹѪȻٸҲң
ȥ
ߵϣһ˫ͫɨһЩ̵̻϶壬ķԸûжȶȡ
ǣ
϶Ӧһֱͣӱǳ˴жȥ
Ȼƺ˵ڸߵǵӰ϶ĸӵʢģڰش
ǱѾãǧ϶Ȩƣڶۻţһϡһɱɣ
ãžĴڣ쳹һɱϢֱõǻ̱ڵء
Ҷ飬ָ϶ţ
ͷ죬Ҫȡһ
Ŷ
ڰشɨһۣɭĿƺܹ
븮һĻᣬһ飡
΢ɶ֮ĻǻǼ̬ĵҽԼ뷨ȫг
һΣٴʧܣôݹ飡
ߵϵڰشһۣһ˫ͫ䣬Ѳʧû˿ߣ޺ۼ

һǻڵأϵĴϢţ˫ڣȴâ


1393 ռ
һεķ粨ãǻƽȴҲаӿͨҲףҲõĽǻһĶ
һΣ½ϵĴţ˻ɹɭӰݣȴΪ˶˰֮壬ƵУȻ˵ãǣȴûж˽⵱һ£
壬ǽ⵱Դޣǳڤǣ˽·ϣ
ˣҲûʲô˸춯
Ͼ֮󣬿صİŮӣ
Ůӵʵ˼٣췣֯ⶼǾ֮٣˳佫˿ѹ
ԭΪеȻǽĲǣȴѾڷƽ˾״̬ƺûдҪʲôľٶ
ɻ󣬲Ȼ
֮ĳԹԲ׵ķŹ֮ûоٶУ϶вΪ֪Եɣ
ʲôԭ򣬸֮䣬նǽ

ôȴûӰ쵽һˡ
Ǵʥѧڣ˵ΪȫĵطʥѧˣҲʹ弴
ԣȴûа㵣ǡ
Ϊ̵ǿƣӲǽĸŮ켫Ժڣȴû˸˵䲻ǣ
󻤷ߣҲˣһֻ۱һֻȥˡ
ҲΪ֪Ӱݣֻǣȴǰĳԭ򣬲˵ѡ
Ͼ̲˵ĸŮԴ˶ˣʣֺ£ôܾܾأ
߾㲻ʣǼСŷƱͲ޿κΣҲֻܸŰԺӡ
Ժӷ䱾жģҲٽнԺ䡣
֮ԣƻʱ´棬ң뽫ĸŮڵĶſԣȻпˣ᳹׵ʧȥǰļ䡣
ǷԸģϣСرڵߣĶһֿܸУõΣҲʹ
ֻѩΪֻʸ֮أҲԺڣһȺ̸
УԾȻ¹Сӡ
ȡ˵һǾʹ԰ѵˣ
˷
¹ص˸ϳԼСԺԺ󣬷Ʊ߽˿ͷڡ
棬˵С֡
߽ǿһĻʱǹһĨܰЦ⣬˹ȥ
ֻǣԭЩɵߣһ߽ʱɫԵЩ̫Ȼˣȥ

ˣƲûǿȥȰ⣬һĨȻ΢΢̾ϢһǶżŮ˵Ǽģһطˡ
Ƹ磬ôˣѵܴ𣿡
վЩǵʵһ˫ˮڣǲ
ӵоҩ䣬ǻǿǲˣֻΣ
û£ֻҪһͲˡ
ǿһЦͶȥοһɲΪһۣ뼸Ůһһк֮󣬱˳˷䡣
ΣԸڿͷڣǣڣ߾ͻ᲻ȻΪ˲ӰգҲֻˡ
һҪĽ֮
һĨᶨȭͷûлȥ䣬ǳ켫ԺĹ㳡ȥȥռϣ

ʱ켫ԺڣȻǰƲŶ˹ھȻõڶѧԱǸеǳ˷ܣ۵Ļ⣬ȫġ
ʱǲ嵱ʱ˶񸮻˵ݣ˵㡭ǣ
϶壬ǿ󣿳壬˿ѹأѪǰ˰֮У
Щʱڳۿˣ˵ǿĭɣͨ죬統ʱԼһＤ
õչиϳˣǴпϧȻǴһʢս
ڿϣûЩֱӳŽ׹㳡ȥ
ǰ֮壬ƣ
ϳʱһʱڶྪĿ⡣
ķվڽ׹㳡ЩѧԱѯʵʱһЩ˱˷Ƶͼ
ϧŮĶǲĻֻҪʧȥǰļˡ
̾ϢҧгݣԶ񸮵ֶθеݡ
Ķûũҩ䣬Ǿ޽֮ۼ˽ⶾĲϣҲû˿ô
Ѱ㳡ƲǾһֲϣ⻹õҩѣĲϣȴǲټõüͷ
ʦ
һڷת֮󣬱ǼһںݵվЦݵĿԼ


1394 
İӣƲһ⣬ǿʵǣ
Ǻǣ켫ԺѧԱ²
ںݵĳ²ǳĿŷƹ˹֡
ףǰʦܣȻǷʥһףǣԺĳɾͣҪԼģˣֻúøУҲܹһԵҲ˵
ʦ֣
Ʋǿ˻˻ֻǣҲЩġ
ֻ£Ҫ֮ڣеĲϣǲˣңũҩ䣬Ҳҩ֮
ҩ֮ѰҩѾɶã
ԣʥѧڣҪ⼸ҩ֮Ҳ£Ǽ죬ܹ֮߰ռģ
Ǻǡ
һʦ֣²ϵЦݱŨ࣬ǳȥʵʦѰĶ֮
Է飬ˣȻû˿ļӣܺ˵һ
Ҳ֮
û
һ⻰ڱһĨ⣬׷ʵѵʦӵֲϣ
ʦֲϣȴż֣׸ʦ
˵ţ²֣óڵ
һں߰٣һʯһȴźСʯͷ
⵱ȻȻõģǣڹ㳡֮ʱһĻ֮󣬱֪ƱضҪռЩϣԣԺ׹㳡ȡġ
ĿģҪ÷ƺøУ
˵ƾ켶۷ҩʦ֮˫ݣעˣԺ˻ʸĵλԳȻ
ʩףԺҪֺãȴˣ
Ļ֮аڣһЩģʧԭأӦȥռȥˣмˣȴǳŷ˹ǶǴЦݣ⡣
ЩȻ󣬵ǣǼʮѧֶѣȻʹǣֵõģ
ѩ̿ȻܾУ²ǼȴǲԸѧ֣˵ԼһС⡣
΢һ룬ƱԵɣǳż˹֣ڴ˶лλʦ֣֮ǣǼλʦԺѣҷҲԻʩԮ֣
ʦˡ
ʦﻰ
ʦؼǹģҵͬΪ켫ԺѧԱͬͬ¡
Ļǿвϵ³Ȼ˵ǲ⣬ǣϵϲɫȴڲס
ŵһֻҪԼʲô֮£˲ɿܵ鷳ἰǰ˵֣ȴܻԼһ
ȻЩҪȻᡣ
ϾЩϣҲʲôϡ֮ѰҲûܹõ׳뻻ȡƺøжѡ
ʦЩϣѧڣһʱܾ룬ǣʦȥܸľĲˣ
²ĵѵ
ѧԱԷ񣿡
⻰Ʋһ
ʥѧڵĸ񣬶Ϸģɴδ˵ѧԱܹ
ȻǿԵģֻҪӵ㹻ѧ֣õԺɣǿԽз񡭡
⻰֮󣬷Ʋ˽ˣʥѧڵһЩصĹ
ѧ֣ʵҪѧ׵˲ܹãԣЩӵд֮ˣʥѧķȻҲ跽㣬ȻݺģԽз
ٴлλʦ֣
л˼֮󣬷Ʊǳ켫ԺԺסжȥ
ڵݣ񣬾Բʲô⡣
ֻǣԥǣ֮ڣܹǲܾ룬Ǵ˽֮صʱ䣿
ȥҲգ
·ϣƱ¶˾ģǾ벻Ĳϣôǲ֮أ
ȻѵãǣĸŮȴ˿ԥıѡߣ
վס
ԺſڣƱſڵ껤
˶ǲΪɲ⣬ݷƹ۲ɢĲƣˣ㲻ǴʥҲǷʥ۷壡
λ磬СӷƣҪݼԺϣλܹͨһ䣡
ƴһĨǳǳЦ⣬˹˹֣Ϳ˵š
ƣ
֣һһۣǿ˶Էڵ𾪡
ǸΪ˻ʸ½ȵһķƣ֮壿
һĻ۾ŷʵУһĪļ
Сӣ
ƲްɫЦԡ
ţȥͨ
ҲȷϣֱӱǳԺȥֻǣǽţһо
ɣ
ǻ΢һת

΢ĺ˿Ǹ߽Ժӡ


1395 ˺һ
Ժľɽۣ֮վԸ켫Ժ·Ķһš
켫ԺԺĵס
СԺǺݻΧҲǺܴ󣬼򵥵½һСȨסҲҪٱȨУԺӣǾõĺˡ
ǣЩȨ󶼿СԺӣȴѧԺס
Ǹ˳ʯС·˼ƣһͤڣƼйһ֮Եġ
ʱʯϣƷСƣĿԶƺһƮݵʣȻɣһۿȥҲмɷǵζǴ˵е֮
ԶԶģһ˵ζǴζƱǾýЩƮƮĸоڷһƮƮɣɫҲ΢Щ졣
ԺѴ
ͤǰǻͣ˽Ųš
ţ
תͷһĨ΢Цȥɣ
ǣ
Ӧһתٴγŷƹ˹֣Ǵ󲽳ȥ
ȡһҫģһˣ켫Ժ˻ʸ
꣡
ԣ
ֻǿһۣڱһĨ͡
ʵ½ȵУǶԷѾһ˽⣬ĸŮϱֵЩ嶯⣬¹ص飬ֳ壬޸飬ֳ飡
ԣҲģȴûڶٸϿر⻹һǶʮˣ
ܺ棬ʲôˣĥĳɾͣңӵּ޿޵ԡ
Ҳ֪ΪΣڷ˫ڵڣȻһϳɵĲɣ
ϾǷʲô飿
ԽԽϲЦӯӯվŷ֣ͬ
ţ
Ȼ˿Ҳ΢΢һҲǴ󷽵Ĺ֣С
˵գ߽ͤĵʾ£ʹ󷽷Ķ档
Ⱥһ
ľеİƱЦ⣬ʾһ£һڣһ֮ɫԵС
Ҳ飬ȻûƵϰߣʱҲˣǶʯϵһСƱڱǼ΢Сһǲԥһھ˴뱭
ƣ¶оӨ֮ɫ㣬һڣȴͻһŻ棬˳ʺ£һ·ҽʣ뵽θ֮󣬸ǻһ֫תֱǽȫȼ
ƵɫҲǸ죬ҲЩ룬ֱյĸоУƺ࣬һ̣ٳ
ķӦ֮󣬱ǼĻ΢΢һɨһѾ˴뱭϶ʱһĨ۵ɫ
ܿͻָ˹һķƸߣȴŷƵ
ƣΪ¶Ϊ´¶Ҳԡ
ڷ΢عʱ򣬶߱ǴĽ
Ҳ
Ȼ֪᲻죬ΪһȥֻҪ̱ˡ
־ƾ֮⣬ʱÿһϸһĨȼţյԿգںϣһ
ָоõķЩԸԣԺģٴξƱ۵Ŀ£С뱭Ҳȥ
۾ܵĳƮƮɵĸоС
֮£ȴһзգĺ϶Ϊһ
ˡ
С뱭µʱڣ˻ζ쳹һĪƺͨأ˺һ
ڵڣڱϣһ·֣ӨӨ˸˸ƺӳ
ף
ԭ۵ģⶸȻһû֮ǰǷԣĿķơ
һָ̣оǰķƺѾʧˣǰһſûκڣ
Ϊо۾ϸϸĸӦȻǾȵķ֣ǰˣȷѾˣѾȥһ
ֻǣ۾ʱȴǷ֣һģ
ô£
һ̣ĳ׵˹Ȼ͸¶˼ɫ
ȷǷ֣ⲻǴǰڵˣȴƺغһΪصһ֡
ôܣ
Ķʱʧ̬ĵԲ۾ֱƴƵѹɻûзӦ
þƣ
Ƶ룬ԺģŵһζĿǶʯϵСɵľƺûԥٴεһһڱǹȥ


1396 ¶
ˡ
һּΪصҲڵûκƣֻȻ嵭ǣȻУȴǴһݺޱߣɰٴ̣翣ʵ
ڵڶ¶ȥʱ򣬷ƱǾãȫëſغһָоԺģֱյĸоҲ
ڣУһ·֣ɽӣ嫺쳽䣬͸¶ϡ
ƣǳָоУ
Ѿ磬һ統УֿɼɽΪһͷתΪһͷ𡭡
ƺԼⷽoشԳ£ɲǲ
ָоԣһ޷԰εĵزԸ
֮£ڱ·Ȼ࣬һУ·滺Ŀ̻ţõ·ӵ̣ԣͬʱַҲ쳹ĸΪˡ
⡭
Ŀɵˣֱı¶ǻعʯСƺһʱ۰һˣһģæǽƺս˽ָڡ
¶ͷɲ򵥣ɼƷҶӳ¶ƶɣһΣٶ൱һҶһȥҶڣƿıʣܹʹ
һ¶ǧƷʱҲϵ˷ƻԼԲ˳Ȼƽʱֻбչ֮ʱŻ¼Ρ
⼸ȥǿĻˣ
Сӣʲôߣ
ãĲĿؼķϣⶸȻۣƺҪơ
ֻǣǰģһޣǿʲôҲûС
⾿ô£Ϊλᷢ飿
ҲǼʶˣǣǰȴ޷ͣҲҲ𰸡
˵ûмǹżڣƺҲûּأ
¶ãǷǳּҲһԿٵĽ뵽״̬С
ƲӦ׼һ
Щ벻̫ףڷΪλᷢЩֵ顣
Сӣжܣ
һĨãȻ뵽ˣ½볡ʱ򣬻ȫƵκҪ
ȻƱֵĺܳڣȷǧѵһţǣ˻ʸڣֻһӵȨǾǣ֮
Ҳ˵Ƶĵλ˻ʸڣѾ֮һȼĴˣ
࣬ԼԼ²⵽һЩߣǣȴܿ϶ѡ
ŷƣ˼ȴѾƮԶ
ȥָоٴα䵭ˣʵ۾ƾԼ·һ̣ȴץһѿ̼ΣûнŬۣǷ֣ʯƱѾǿһˣĿ⣬ǷǰǸƱϡ
棬Ŵ뱭Ө¶ܰ˱ǣֱ̺ŵһڽ¶
¶ôģΪʥһ׵ķƣܹһСھͲˣڳһֻ԰԰ڣ˭֪ȴǳѪʧأ
һѵǹﲻɣ
ǹĿ⿴ţҲ΢ƺǸܵԼʧ̬ɫЩΡ
Сʧˣ
ʵģ¶ԲȻ֪ɣǣܱ켫ԺԺصĶǷ
ֻǣغһĸоʧȴõķƸоЩʧ䣬΢һ̾Ҳ¶Ȥ
Ϊã¶ӦöдòŶԣ
ǣֱӶʵԺ¶Ǻ
˵أ
ЩûƲһۡ
ʹʹľģȻ˷˼֪֮࣬ΪҪó԰أ
ʹҪɱȥײǽˣ

ôһɣڨڨһЦСӲ֪Ժ֪
ȷҪºҲŪЩ¶кܴİ
ߣ
Щ޵һߣǻָɫΪȻĵ¶Ҷľ峿¶ƶɣǷƷҲȼƷʥ󡭡¶ȴǼƷһΣܱһƷʥ
˵棬ǼˣƺĳˣһȥټƷʥ
ǣûУ
⡭
⻰ƵȷǱ𾪵Щ˵
¶治һ󰡣


1397 
¶֮ǶмİÿܹһΣ°빦ңǴͻƵĹؿ¶ͻƵļҲ󻡶ȵ⼫Ʒ¶һΣһͨʥף
Ϊ÷ʹڣıϸĽ¶;
˻
һ䣬õķƲɵĵһڣһƬ졣
ˣĺˣ֪¶˵ĹЧԲôʹлᣬԻղڵķңҪֶ
һοԳɾһλʥף
˵һȥ˼λʥף
ڵĳӶˣ
ΪڷңҲҶңص۱һĲŸõģҲǼƬѣ
Ƿ汲ĵ̣Ѱ᲻ãֻЩϣͻʥ׵˲пܵõ
ԣ˿˵ԣ
ΪǼƷҶƶɵģЧҶ˲֪ٱ
˵ֶǵˣҲֻЩվ۷崦ˣʸӵУ
ң
Сçײˣ
һգҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
޷ֻϣı¶ܸԺ;һЩ
һĨɲľ⣬һĨǳǳĵЦ˵š
Ѿ˳Ѫ׼ԣ΢۹Ҳǻָ̬
ľ磬Ѿò¶˵ʵôҲǺܴ
лԺ
Ƴֿ֣ĵл
ղı¶ûǺܴģģƺץסĳһҲѭ֮
˵Դ֮󣬶ѭ֮ûһҲ֪ҪôܹǣղųֵǸɶȴһЩߣ
Ҳܹѭ֮õ
Ǻǣ޷
˶ãղŵһЩСƱǻΪУڣ˼֣ٴóǸƺһ߰ʮ֮ࡣ
ֻǣȴҲ᲻ˡ
ǴطңΪ߰ʮλʥʣλܺȵȥ
ȿȣԺСܷߣ
Ƥ
ţ
һҲǷӦ˹ڴЦȻԣ
лԺ
ƴϲ̵Ľһ¶С˽ָڣЦ
ڵķңʥ֮ˣָںɽڣûʲôԱһЩܹ׵ĽҲ
ڣһ¶ͻطңôһκβ˷ˣֻҪͨһЩԼʥѧ¼ǼӣҲû˸Ҷˣ
ţϵЦŨˡ
ΪмƷ¶糾أҲҲܹʥףӶӳ٣
ʵƵС˼β֪
ǰЩӣȷϷƻ֮թλԺһ֮ȥ˺ɽ磬˷ƵϢ
ܸп¼ƺһ棡
ͬʱҲ˽⵽˷ںɽĴԣֶһĿģҲ͸ƣ
Сӻһ󡣡
֮󣬷Ʊٴ˵
Ŷ
Ѿµĸ˾Ųʮ˸ǣֱŷƣҪռĶĲϰɣ
û
΢һصĵ˵ͷԺܹӦ
С£
һĨ⣬ȴ˵Ϊ˻ʸȡ½ȵһţС£ѧ֣ҲˡֻǣҪĶƾЩϿǲ㹻Ŷ
ᣬȻ켶۷ҩʦòɣ
ԣĸŮĶôʹšƣһ֮
Ϊֻܹ֮ƿؼϵũҩ䣡
    ֮ȱΪվˮУԵʱҩΪý飬Դһҩ䣬Ǿũҩ䣡
˵ؼ䣬ûũҩƲõˣҲûũҩⲻ˵Ķ

ȻҲ֪üͷ΢΢Щ˸
Сӣ˻ʸԺӺ㣬ɲط
ϵԺ쳹
ȷ켫ԺԺ켫ԺһжĸŮĶѵùߣ
СȻа취
ĺ˿̧ͷֱģʣ


1398 ֮
仰һַʽԼݣϺ꣬ôܻأ
£Ĳɵıǵһһ˫˸żɫɵļ
ԺܹΪСӱܣ
һĨǳǳĻȣ˹֣΢Ц˵
Ҳȷԣ˻ʸԺˣô˻ʸڣмǿŵģ

ĳĺ˿Σǰѹеļָصĵ˵ͷЦǺǣʲôҲ֪
ʵ½棬ƻ϶֮󣬱Ǳ˲ֻǣΪ봫˵е֮һ£ңŰ֮ݣԣܶ˶뵱֮ǣȴҲû˭ܹ϶
Ϊ켫ԺԺȻ֮֮Ϣȥ֮󽫻ôķˡ
ȻϢܹ˻ʸ壬ǣ϶ģгԹ壬ԲӲĿŷǿôһ㳲ʱֻ·ƻ֮Σ
ԣõģǾ֪ˣҲװ֪飬֪ԽԽãĶûҪϱȥţǷƽĸŮ֮ڻã
ţʱ䣬̫ò˼꣬Ʊܹһ棬壬Ǹʱ򡭡
лԺ
ƵģҲǷȥ
ĶĲϣѾˣ⣬һڣӦþܾ롭
ĳ˻⣬̸棬һЩķ֮󣬲ǴЦ˵ԣ뵣ȥ֮أ
ţ
Ƴ˸мǸм
ҪռݲϣҲҪѧֲУֻǣȴһ仰ˣҲһ鰡
ͬʱҲпʥѧ֮󣬾ʥƷϣҲܹڶʱռ˵ʥѧĵ̣ԶԶֹǰôһ㡣
ڣ켫Ժڣϴȥ䳡ƶûмһλʥ٣ƺ߾磬ҲǷʥ۷ѣ
ѵ˵ʥѧڣûдʥˣ
϶ǲܵģ
ʥѧǽľӢһȻʥͻƣǣԻͻƴʥĴڣֻǣЩڣȴ߶ѡ
ҲֻеԼﵽ˴ʥ磬ܹ˽⣬ʥһʲôľأ
ԺСӻҪҩ֪ܷһͬ񣿡
鶼ѾǷˣƤҲͺˣΪ˲˷ѧ֣ٴ
ҩ
һΪĿ˷һۣ΢üͷʵѵҩ䣬ûʵ
ûУȱټҩ֮
ΨпЦҡҡͷ
ҩ֮䲢ںɽڣҲѰҩ֮ټ
෴ģɽ֮Ϊƶ֮ص½ȴʱҩõķƸе˼֮࣬Щɻˣ
˵ҩԪŨĵطΪΣַأ
˵½ʤںɽ磿
һʱڣһЩɻǸͷ
½ЩųǣʱԶ˲֪жʱ£ȥ֮ɽʮ۹ĹųǻҪľԶһɵ㡣
ѵ˵½ĴڣȺҪԶ
ɵ㣬½ϣڶ೬̾ᣬݷƹƣЩ½ĿеӦþںɽЩ
Ƿʲô飬ΪЩҪ½ƿȨǾǿ½һ㣿
Щ˳½̨ӦΪʥѧԤҹ涨½ԣγ½ľ棡
ɵΪλĹһλۻ½ţѵ˵½ܱȵĹ½
ɵģ֮Ҳ½ũҩ䣬϶棬Ҳһ˿Ѫ˵ıʥأ
һеһжָˣ½ƺ۾ǰ򵥣У϶һܣ
ֻǣеֽѾ֪ȥ˶ˣʥѧ£ҲҲͺɽЩƶһЩУʥѧĵȨˡ
ֻǣЩܣڵķƣȴӴѡ
ǣʹ½ʱҩ֮Բʲôƶ֮أһ鱦أoҪ˵ıأЩͷ­ҲҪ
Ҳԣڵ㣬϶ûȥһط
뵽˷ƵһĨȻ
½Сӣôܾ;ǧҩأ


1399 ˵
ط
⻰ȴǾЩĪͷˮʵԺʲôط
Ǻǡ
ЦһһĨ⣬˵ҩ֮ũɲݣӦûûõɣ
ũɲݣ
һ
ôܲũɲأ
    ҩ֮λģũɲݣҲΪˣһҩ䣬ũΪ
ûеõ
ҡҡͷϣĿ
ũɲݣû⴫ƺũɲݸͲһУңʥҽʥصУϿУƵõϢǣƺֻɵأܹũɲ
ǣΣȴǲ֪ܵ
ɵأɵشڣ
ɵĴ˵̫ˣ½ʱ򣬷СɡĴڣڵȴ֪ɡƺֻһ鹹һϵĴ˵ѡ
ɵأǾڼ֮ϵأ䣬Ĵڣ
ԺѵũɲݵϢ
һֱЦЩˣ׷ʵ
ȻС
Цӯӯ˵ͷȴûֱ˵ũɲݵ䣬ǿʵƣΪؼǿ۷ʲôĴڣ
ǿ۷壿
仰Ժģǡɡǣתһ룬ûдʵ˳ɣԣ˵
ʲôʱ˵ǿ۷
Ļ£ԺڣǴϵŭ
̫ˣ
Ǻǡ
ĵЦҡҡͷ
ȥɽ磬ȻҲ֪ƵҲףûнӴһ㡣
˽Ϊؼ䣬ΨиΪΪʵȻ
ڷԺûӷϵŭѹʱ򣬶߱ǴĵĽ
ȷǵ޵Уݺ£ΪǿҲ۷壬˸弫ǣҪ˵ǴǼ£ô񣬾ǳԽ£ڴ֮ϵĴڣڡɡ
Խ˼£ڴ֮ϣ
ھһƬȻЩš
񣿣
ƺǵһ˵
Ժ񾿾ʲô磿й񣿡
׷ţҪ˽ࡣ
Ȼڡ
ϵЦ⣬һɴɻķƣʵٵصĴ˵˵ɣ
ٵأ
һǵ˵ͷȻ˵ڹżмأسܣһƬ磬ûһλڻ統Ϊ̹ŵo˻磬زӶԲ˽յ磡
ģƺһЩʲôԭɻҲΪӲӡ
û̹ţĵһλ񣡡
ĵ˵ͷֱӵˣ񣬾س֮ǰڻ統ɵ飬Ϊʱδδɣԣ֮ϣؼϣ
ʥѧԺ֪һЩأȻǳܼ
˵ĹἰƸ֪һȻĴڣ
ֻǣ˵У̹Źٵ֮ľӴ˵³ߣҲûд¼ԣ̹Ź֮˵飬˭ҲȷǷʵĴڣҲֻΪ˽⿪س֮գһλϵĴڣ
˶٣ǽ˵ǣƬ統Уû̹Ź֮ǰԪĴڡ
һλؼ䡮
ڶλؼ䡮
λŮ洹ؼ䡮
λ񣬴ľؼǰġաش֮ϣΪĤݵĹഫ½֮ϵİ壬λ
ЩţԴЩ£Ժģǲ岻
ܵģȴˣ񣬾ϵĴڣؼ飬
УѾλСɡôֻλġɡ½ͨɽͨ
ֻǣȴֱֹ񻰴˵ˡ
㲻ãΪ˽ɣԲűλ񣬶ңڶ˻ţͨɽͨǰͺ̵Ľڣȴû˻κν
ûйϵǣũɲݣȴλйء
ĵһЦǻص棬λͬһɵأũɲݣֻ⴦ɵزУ
ɵأ
һλĴ˵òһЩ
Ҳ䴫Ĺˣǣλ񣬾Ǵڹ䣡


1400 
ɣϣ鷲ܿܿ
ɣ棬䣬֮ϡ
ɵأȻɵأմҲǳȻĴڣ
ũɲݣȻɵأ
񻰴˵еλȻɣǣѾ죬ش֮ϵĴڣ
λأɼһ㡣
˵УһƬأػʱʹˣؼһҲԴ

ûɵأɲݣ
⻰Ҳɵһۡ
һΪ֮ӵũҩ䣬ôһЩĳʶҲһʵôģ˭ڽ̵
ƣʱȻҲǱһεĹѪͷ
̫ˣ
ˣˣæռҩϼɣ
ȥ¶֪Ǽֹˡ
ȿȡ
̫ѨĹ˹֣˷лԺ棬Сģ
ţ
ת̫죬õһ㶣ЩŹֵĿ
ѵС֪ǿɵˣ
ǰһɵض֪ˣһȴˣЩˣ׷ƾڸʲôá
ҩ£ͰԺˣ
ƼȵҪ֪ǿɵصϢվС
Уʲôʱ䣬㶼ȡ
ȻķӦҲûжʲôվҴȥ֮ͤǶеľƱ
˻ʸֽǸ߷ˣҲҪ׼׼ˡ
һĨǳǳĻȣٴСƺΪԼһС

ʦ𣡡
·ϣƱǼеĺʦ𣬹Żɵأô£
ΪЩǴ˵鹹ģ
ϵֱԺ𣬺ƽûʲô
ţ
ҲһеĲͬѰƺ²ô򵥡
λΪ鹹𣿣
˵ʵڵģǷϴʱ𣬷ƵȷǻὫ֮񻰹ˡ
ʱѣֻ£֮ı󣬶һĸݡ
ҿȷĸ㣬λŻʣȷڹֻǣ֪Ϊʲôԭʧˣ˺İʢ
ϵƺڻһЩԺļ䣬ãʵ֪ɣ
ɣ
Щ̫仰˼
龿ôڵģû˭ܹ˵ڸżУλġ
ഫ壬֮һŮ洹ɫܣҲλΨһ飡
ڷƴ𺳵Ŀ£Ǽ˵ţ壬ͬ壬ųܣǣ壬ȴӽȻ塭ԣǿһȣ岢ǰĵشֻǣ벻ףŮ洹񣬾ΪҪһ
ĻУҲǴɻƺҲǳŮλųһ壬ʲôأ
ʦ𡭡
죬ȴǲ֪ô˵ȴɻ
㣬ʵ˵壬ȷ½ų壬ͱūˣ
½棬壬Ǿ߱ƣӵи츳ܡ
壬һ壬壬ȵȣͬǣǿƥܱ⡣
ǣӵеģȴǵһһѣ壬ȴǶ˶ʣ˵壬ӽȻ壬ԣӵд˵츳
ߣ
ˣϲһŮ壬иݵģ
иݣ
Ƴ׵ɵˡ
Ҳû뵽徹ȻôͷȻ֮һŮ洹죬һǵһ
Ҳѹ֣壬ƺЩʺޣǿƣǧټҪѹ壡
ԣĹżϣһֱֶѣֻһλ嶼Ҵ
ӵһϵĹ
һԵȫ
֮£ɵУѾ˼£ش֮ϣ
˵µĵز綼ᱻشᱻѹ塣

ֱ𺳵˵ˡ
ԣسʹڵ飬˵һ֮ϣȻ
Ů洹ɫ壬Ϊػų壬ԣıԴ֮Ѫ֮֮ĿģǱӻ塭


1401 Ůʯ
仰ƱǴŵˣΪΣڸų壬ӵһϵĹˣ
Ϊӷ˵仰У˽⵽壬ӵʸ
ûĹ֮֮񣬾ڤλһͬŮ洹ʣɫɣȡΪŮʯ
ϵдȣƺЩ
Ϊ飬ӵһŻʱԲʢ
ֻǣһУλʧ֮ҲɢˣȻ嵱ٰǰпܣ
Ůʯ
ֱӽֿӡļ䣬μסɫҲԼ
һ֮ϵĹǳ£һн
Ҳǧʥѧһֱ˻ʸĸ޸ѳֵԭ򡭡˻ʸͳΪݣҲ˵ԵɡΪŮʯλͬʱܣΪܼܣ
ϵһ仰ֱǽͷȫ⿪ˡ
ȷĿǰ״ǧ˻ʸĵ͹ڣĸֻҪ˻ʸǻᱻʥѧߵ̨
ĸȴûôΪĸĸ߲֪ĹŻʱ˻ʸǽ֮ʥѧôֱԲУһ
ڲôǶڲ⣬忴һģ˻ʸֻʹ߿ѣ
ѵλ񣬶Ĵڣ
һĨңԶͻأģԺһĨ⣬ʵʦɫ྿ʲô
ɫ̹ŹǺǣ𣿡

ôһʣƷ˷ۡ
һλĪӻĹ񣬿ٵأ磬⻻˭ҲţңǹΪλ
ʵҲšǣһȴ̹Źйأ
ʲô
׷ʣ˺ġ
оЩ죬ƺЩ񻰴˵ǽ⼸λ౶ѣǣȴʵĴڹֻǣ˶ѣ
ϾǼλ񣬿½ʼ棬壬ҪĤ
ʣ˭ϣԼĤߴһЩ
飡
ϵгء
Ҳǵõ֮󣬲ǧټƵռһЩĴš
飬Ĵ˵سʹڣ飬
ֻǣֻƬ֮ʣģ壡
ݷõϣȴǵ֪飬񻰵еĹ̹йء
񻰵У̹Źٵ֮󣬱ľ廯飡
˵Уؼ鹲оſţǾ룬Ի̹ŹܣɾһĹ
ȥãȴû֪Ϊ궯ҲûʱȥռϢ
ſ飬ӵ̹Źܣ
ƾ㣬ܹ÷Ѫˡ
ΪѾһö飬ңڷҲһö
ʵУ֯𣬾öռȫԣռ飬Ҳûл̹Źܣ
ϵҲɻ벻⡣
֯𣬾ǾžĴڣ˵ڰ֮ϣռ˾ſ飬ûգôˣ˭ƿ飿
𣡡
Ѿǵһ˸ŵˣҲƾ֮ԣ֯һֱ
ʦ𣬾ﵽһʲôľ磿ǹ𣿡
Сʵµٶȶ
ǣ
Ͽ϶ĻﴫȻṳ̂ϹλǣҲǰ񡭡Ϊ֯ڣһ׼Բܳ
׼Ҳ˵ش֮ϣǣȴѾԽ˼£شȣ
ԣҲǳ˼µĴڣ
˻
ˣҲɵ˿һĨ̾ɫ
Ȼûгѣǣ˵ʵѾˣش֮ϵĹ񣬻˭ѹ
Ҳ㹻ˣ㹻ţ
ˣƲǶһŵ˽⡭
̹ſأŮܴ壡
ȻҲؼ仹һЩǲΪ֪飬ֻǣûнӴǸΣԲ˽ѡ
ʦɵأģ
˳񣬷ƱǶλɵأ˺ġ
ϣ
֣ʶļ̌ͷƵ񷡣
ʱʣһɫľһǳĿȻǰǣʵȴǸĪ⣬ɲ


1402 
ʦɵأ
ƸоˣˣͫҲûпʲôһ󣬸ûб߼ʣûνɵشڣ
ɵأճ淲Ǿ֮⡭ۣܹ
ڳЦԲ
Ҫôҵɵأ
ͣס˽ŲԺʵ
Ĳܹھ룬ɲΪһũɲݣĸŮϵĶ
ʵڵ㣬߱ȥʸ񡣡
ϵҲЩͳ
ûʸ񣿡
һһƬȻ
ڵиߣʥѧҫ۵һˣûʸȥĵطôʥѧмȥ
ߣ
һʸ񣬶Ҫʥ磬ڲǷʥһ׶ѣǣдʥԸǰȥȻľ磬ȥˣ
ʲôôܣ
ƵӶҪɳˣʧС
⾿ʲôط붼Ҫʥ磬ѵ˵ڤ

ֻǵ³ûм˵ȥ
Ǿʲôط
ڿţȴǲ֪ѾصԼԺſڡ
ŶǺǡ
ԶԶģһЩŵĽЦʱһͷԺˣʱƤ϶Ƿ˼Ƥ
ʦ
̧ͷһۣǷ֣ЦԴȻԼŮСԺ
֪ϲϴӦأ
üͷ΢ȴҲǿ첽ԼԺ˽ȥ
̰æҲûףܹ붯ôǣ֯ˣòҪġ
⽿ĵŮӣȻֻ켫ԺһʦѣǣȴǲСܹƾѹ񸮵Ļ
ɲ˭˶еģȻƲ˽ԼŮʦľ羿жߣǣǳ׼ģ֯Ҳеһƴ
ȻڿڣƱǼСΣСŮСҲˣķǳģһС˷ܵЩ˵ģЦϵĴ
ֻǣߵЦһ֣˾ëȻһ֣ȴɽȪƢ
࣬ǿɲһ㡣
ʦ
΢΢˳飬ǺòĴк
Ȼȥ񾭴ǣҲֻıѣľʲôһʵ˭Ҳ׽͸
ܹ϶ǣӵôһʦĸ֣˿ڵѡ
̣˾ûа취˿ٵĳɳ
ô£
ƲͷһۣȥСˡ
мҪʦæ
ƳŴŵɫŮȥһǰο֮󣬲˵
ʲô°
ûлͷĵʵ
뵼ʦȥ
ƺ˿֮󣬱˵

һĨȣ¶ɫ
ûʱ䣡
ӰҲûֱӾܾˣ˰֣ʾƱ
Ŷ
һĨȻһĨЦҲǿ
ҲȷԶеĵʦɲὫԼ֮嵱Ǹ
ƺûʲôܹˣңԸŹ֣Ǽ˵ȥֻǱһٶпܣ
㡭
̻еСΣķˣͣЦĴ۾

ۣƺʲôҲûиоһ
ֻǣƺȴõķƵЩ̫Ȼ
Ⱳֱ֣ҳһˣⲻ֪Ѿ˶õġȻҲ˼Ӧ
㣿
ôС𣿣
жֹš
㣬ҵòã
Сΰգ۾ȥһСʹһ˲ɱǻ֮ģҲˣЩ֡
ˣò
СŮ޳֣һҡΣҲЩǣֱӾġ
˺ˣӦ㻹𣿡
Ҳ֪Сεֶ޷ֵԭ򣬱СŮôһ̾ȻĵĴӦ
Сӣ֪˷ѵʦʱ䣡
̺ݺݵСǷཱུС˼֮󣬲վɫ緭һֱӱˣ޷޵ĵ⼸ѧԱǵù͸ˣ
˵գڷƻûзӦʱ򣬱Ǳ֣˲ʧڿͷڣ绯һ̣ʧ١
ƸӦҪȥժȡũɲݡ
ŷʧĵطҲԷƵݻɵ
ûũҩ䣬ȡũɲкã
ôֻʣһֿܡ


1403 ɵ

ڰ½ʢУǾɽһĴڣ
ͨ˵ܹģǾˡ
ɼĲ
䣬ĴţҲһ㣬ֱɳֱӹϵ
ȴûܹ֪ԣǸ˲ٵɫʡ

ڷƸûзӦʱ򣬱ǸоһƼԼ֮Ϸ
ָ߶ȳԭǰ죬ȴôңԶԶôңɼƺ޾ûб߼ʣoֻҲѲص
Ƭ̣ƱǸܵһƺּǿѹԼҪԼշ飬ܵһĪѹȣҲЩ˳
꣡
ߣһ̶ּ쳹ֽڻĦ𻨣ڷƵǰģֻһƬ죬磬ܶȼһ¶ڼҲЩŤ
⾿Ҫȥģ
һƬļ£о̴ţΧѹǿԽԼշ飡
˵ûдʥ磬ûʸ
Χѹ֮Ѿڤˣ
ѵ⣿
ڲ뵱УƵɵҲ
⣬ǿǴ˵ڵĵط⣬Ǿˣ
ţͻأǰһһԴǳǰ
ɽˮһһĻĲɷͬʱһɳŨ̶ȵֱѹȶڷϣõһأһĵϴһ㵭ĽɫΣǿĳûж
⡭
ǰأϵѹõķƵԲ۾ֱЩӦˡ
˭֪֮ϣȻһĴڣ
µأԶٲɽе޻Ƕʵã
Ҫǣؼ伷ѹǿѹõʥˣȻǷӦЩ㣡
ǿѹĻ֮£ЩͨĻľȻܹɼжôĲ
ʦ
һߵ̣ڶʱһĨޡ
ʱ̣ûдЦ⣬෴ģһ࣬ǻһһġ
ʱһ׵ɫĽȹպǽߣĹ˳
ȹ֮µһѩ׻۵ĳȣõйɻȵĳ嶯ӯӯһյ֮һɫ´ϸ͹Ե쾡¡
ʼѣһŮ˵ˣԷƵԣҲЩֻƲͷȥ
𣡡
̻û˵ԶĴڣȴǴһ죬Ƭֶһ
ţƱǿһͷڵıޣǴֵ˳һ˫ɫڣǴԻĮ
֮֮ߵϣЩ䶯ļ⣬ֳĴУһֱըӾƺһܹ˺ѵء
Ƹ˿ɣͷħ׵ĽԼ˺飡
ֻǣ̽Ŀͣϵʱͷɫħʱëըһ˫ɫͫڣȻ¶ɫ绹ûڣǼβһƵˣǼʲôֲһ

³˳飬ſڣȴû˵ʲô
Լλʦ

Ժڣ쳹ϵأп
ɵأ
һ٣Ǳ۾оΧĲͬ
ƬϣŨĳ̶ȳ˵ԶԶ½ܹġ
ڷƵĸӦ£ȻȻķ֣Լѹģ
ȻЩţǣϵѹʵĴڣңֻ£ЩľҲܹïʢ
ڵ࣬͸Ӳ˵ˣ½磬ֻҪֵ췭ظûдʥ֣˭Ҳƺǣ
ҲΪŨȣĴҲǺΪ½޷⡣
ԣ˵ɵأҲһҲΪ
ʦôũɲҪȥȡ
Ʊ۾һԵԶûжٴζԷʵ
ɽ
ϵ³֣ׯأġ
ɽ˼壬oɽoһoϵģ
ߣ
뵽֮ƺûж໰һŷƣǴϱжȥ


1404 ɽ
ɽ
˵λ֮أҲӵʢ
ǣ
ɽɹ֣˸޷룬ʥ۷ҲֻԵ˲ܽ룡
Ҫ֪ܹĵطʱڵЩoۣԵo۶벻ˣοһˣ
ˣһԣΪܹɽǾʹԵпɽڻϵĻԵ
ʱڣаoۣɽڣ
Ȼǽʱ츳еĺܳڣǣģ֮ǰƽƽ
ǣһ⣬֮󣬱һ·Ծֱ۷壬ھ졣
ȻڵķƣȴǲЩʡ
ǧ֮⣬ƱǼԶһɫϼֱʶȾһƬͨԶԶȥǿɽһ
㲻鷳Աòɣ
ӽɽ̵ٶȷŻЩ³
Ŷ
һȻ˸ı䣬ǣԵõǧܹıòһԡ

Źһ죬ʱ˱ǸıˣһԼʮҸ߸ݵĻӡ
ô󣿣
һԣȻò΢䣬ǵ̿һֱۣӾˡ
һҲ̫ϵ˰ɣԼһŮΪҪôһĺһ

ҲסˣҲԺڴЦõβѡ
ŮʦԸ񻹲һĹŹ֣ȥɽգõôң㣬ƽ㣬ⲻò˹ע𣿣
ûа취ӣԼıĻֻԸŹֵĵʦͻὫԼﲻˣ
ֿԺܴ
ţƽת˼ΣֱĴΣһιӣ̲ˣɽ
ɽҲǼΪܹעĵطȻΪ˱ʾɽ磬ɹ򣬲ûУ
ȻҲû˻趨С
ǣɹķΧ֮⣬ȴһųǴ
ֻǣ̲ûдųǣֱɽӽ
һ·ϣ·ĴУҲǸǱ
⣬ЩǼǿĴڣܹǵ
ֻǣһԣҲ»ʲô飬෴ģЩǿȴǱȥԶߡ
ףҪȥɽ
ԶĹųڣ˷˵٣ʱ˶Ծ˳ǽңңĹۿ
ڸˣ֪ĸġ
Ʋ˾磬˻
ᣬˣ
˿ж૳ţ˺棬һ˫˫ڣǴ𺳵ɫ
˵òȻܹ壬ǣӵеΪ磬ǶڸˣһЩһˣҲƲˣ
ʲô
Ҫô˵ʵǿˣҪôϴ챦ܹڸ
ߣĸǶܹǵġ
һΪǱʵڶΪ
ҲˣȻڳǽʧû뵽һЩׯ԰УȻ˶ûƶŲֻڵȴţƺҪ֪˾ܲܽɽ
ϾܲܽɽⲢʵͷ󣬾ͿԽģ
ഫʱڣoǰԵģ벻ˣңûд˭ܹڶΣ
ƺƬɽԼǣܹɽڵҲгж̣ļ¼ʱǱżˡ
ԣûܹɽɽۣۼλ
ܹڣɹԡҲܹˣ
Ϊ˵е֯𣬱ǸɽΪõһˣ
Ҳͷ­Ҫɽԭ
ֻǣԵȴǿģܽˣܽ룬ܹˣǾٵͣҲܹߵĽȥ

ɹҫۣվ죬ϴɹ£Ƭһж쳣ңԣƺɽ壬ɽʯľݣǻһ
Ժڴ϶ɽĽܣԶɽƵƽ
û뵽ɽȻôͷңܹ룬Ȼܹõֽĺô
ʦɽ
Ͳסеĺ棬Ժʵ
ûнҵũҩôܹʵ
ϵĻУһĨŨŨ԰
ʵܹɽⲻֹܹõɹϴӣҪǣǶԱ츳һͬ
Ϊܹ߽ɽˣһӹţ


1405 ɽ
ɽǲλѾ޴ӿ֤ˣǣˣܹΪ۷ǿߣҸԵ
㣬ȴѾ֤ʵˣ
ǱɱȻ۷壬ֻǳ飡
ҲųǴڵԭ
һ˽ɽǺʵģԻᴫ磬䶯
ԣһҪɽڵˣҪôգҪôվڳǽϣһ˫˫ӶӲӣֱߵĶ̬
Ѿǧû˽ɽˡ
һ԰׵ڸпţɣ
ȻѾõ£ϡˡ
ǰڱ䣬ҲѾܹˡ
һߵͷƺڻӦĻ˸п
ųڵˣȻԲͬǣƽȴҲûзִ̫
ϾĿģֻΪ˹۲ûܹɽѣǵжԵģǺƽദ
ڣѾǧû˽ɽˣǼûϣֻǣΪʱƱֵķǳ⣬ȻܹԼԣԽԽ˵ע⡣
˵ЩˣֻǲԸ¶ݶѣϾɽǲԵҲ̫ĺô
ڷ˵ĻҲ˵ͷͬ
ɽɹϴӣȷдôΣΪʱ̣ʵٶȻҲûжİǣΨһ֤ʵǣ˾ԷǷ츳ˣ
ԣһЩϵΪԸⱩ¶Լĵ̣ЩΪƵӵܣȴǴײԵ
ʱ˫ȻͬǣȴҲûзִ̫ģȴǰΪʱƣѾɽԵ

ǵõһʱѰũɲݣֻһλᣬˣܽԶûеڶνʸ񣡡
Ͻһ֮󣬱伣
ũɲݣ
һĨᶨĹâ
ڱصãȻĸŮڵĶ޷Ըģ
ЩνԵʵҲЩɽǿߣڵеƷߣɽ챦
Щڳ˵ǾгջǣȴûдҪȥѰЩģũɲ棡
ȥԣ㣡
һɽɽ֮󣬲ǻһƽ͵ŷ˵
ţ
Ƶĵ˵ͷĺ˿һĳɽ
ɹӲӣ־ɫǲʺ֮⣬ƬȾѤˣλøУܲʵ
ɹڣСҡҷƺŬİθӣҪĸߣʯͷҫǣһգۼ䣬ܾͻתƵطһߣǹ죬Щǲʱҡˣһ
ɹϴ£ǣʯͷľ
ƲǴųʥˣԣǰ֮΢ЩȻǻƽ
һҪȥ
ɹ漰ıԵشƱ۾ҽţ룡
ৣ
һӰѳ׷˳ڵϣ˺üͣѩ׵մӲм
Ӱ̵΢΢䣬ǣĿȴͣѾӽ뵽ɹⷶΧķϡ
˰ӣ
Զų˾ʱ˶һ˫˫۾ŷơ
ɽԼǣܹԼѡߣӣѾϣӵһɽȤĶˡ
Ȼܹܲڣ⻹ҪɹŲУҲˣֻ̤ɽǻǱż飡

ʱưӴɹⷶΧڣֻǣû۾
ָоͺǽ뵽һȪУһůƽ͵ë뵽ڣתֲɫɹ⣬ڣããһƬС
һУ֮£ĺܿԣ
ֻǣЩƲ֪ʱֻûůģȫÿһë׶ںϸ¶һĨ顣
ৣ
˵ע֮£ƵӣֱǱЩɫʺһɹ⣬ɽΧ֮ڣ磬ԼĿһ
ȥˣ
ųǵУʱͱһɺȻһӰȫǳɽȥ
ʱǣƿ쳹Ϣʡ
ڵſŵС򣬻վẉ̂ڣһĨϲɫ
ȻΪ֮壬ǣܹܲɽ⻹Ǻ˵飬ֻǣʣڵĻѡ


1406 츳
ǧ꣬ûܽɽ
ģǿ壬ӵܡ
ǣȴ޹
ʱȴһ˽뵽ڣɽУ
ԣųڵˣ˳վɽ£ǵӰ
İûм
ٿתọ̀ˣ
˵òȴΪע⣬Ů
ת𣿡
Щ˲ɣЩǳ̿Ҫк̽һЩڷ
ǣһģǱ̵ߣ˫ɷû˸ȥð
ɽѹõ֪⿴òŮӣɲǺǵģ
ʵģͣԲôᣬܹգ֤Ĳ
߽ȥˡ
ŷʧ˾Ųϼ⵱У˸̾
֮󣬳Ϲٴƽ
ܹŶã
૳˵롣
ɽ츳֮ˣǣܹãҲ˵һ˵츳û
˵ɹҲôóܵģ츳ѵģȻǳŲ˶ãǻᱻż
츳ѵģ֯ǽɽʱ֮ãŵУҲ뵽֮أɽۣ֮
ԣǴţӵ֮ĳɾͣҲ֮Իӵǰɲĵزﵽشƽ׵׼
ɾo֮λˣǶܹڴʮϣ
Ȼʱ֮Ҳڳʮϣǣȴûܹ뼫µľˣ
Ⲣ˵ǵ츳ǣѾڣҪɾͼ֮λ볬Խǰļ£Ȼʥ۷壬ѾǼˣ
ǧûܹһҲûܹϵλ
ܹʱ䣬лʥ۷壡
һλ׷ԲԵ߿˵ţ¶⣬ƺҪǾŲɹڵʵ
û
仰˵ĳϣǵͷ
Щż϶¼УܹŶãȻʹ츳ǿ̶ȡ
λµ£ʥ۷壬ѾǼˣ
ʱš
һӹȥˡ
ӹȥˡ
ϣʼǳӣǴжһܹ۷壡
С̣ĿҲŷȥķΧɫء
ܹܲﵽһλĵزҲͿ˴εĽˣ
ɽʲôһ
ڼھͱɹż˳ôĻԵȻûгЩ˵еľ磡
ܿģӱǹȥˡ
ƾǱɹһʧ٣Ӱ
ȻǺ£
ϣѾɧ뿪Ҳ˴ӽָͳ·顭
ܶ׽سԼ壬ǣ̶޶ԣѹģûкý̵ǿ֮£һûͷ
ȲҲΰϱȥҲƲ̵ݣĸ壬ĸҲô
ԣҲǳԶˣ
ӶҲ£ӹųڱĴУҲֻ࣬Ҫ̲ǵҲҶǿ
ת۾͹ȥ
ܳŶã
ٴνתƵ档
ӣ츳ϣǾһˮ룬ȻʮӣܹʮӣôǴгλǱʣ
ȻѾܳɾ͵λˣǣܹɽڳʮӵˣǾԷǳܹ⣬ͬʥ۷壬ҲԶԶ˵Ķ֣
ǻԵҲǰһС
߷ӹȥˡ
ŷӹȥˡ
ʱ򣬳ϼûֻǡ顯쳹סˣһ˫˫ڣǺһĨ뼤һЩˣЩ΢
Сһֱ֮Ȼ̣Ҳ΢ԵЩˡ
ʱһһεĹȥ˶ĬĬţȴţǷ漣
ʮߣʮˣʮš
ʮӹȥˣ
˻
ϣһƬһ˫˫ڴż𺳣ǲ˼ɫ
ʮӣȻӵгλ츳
һӴŲ૳Ĳ֪ôеˣ
ʵϣڳˣ֪α
ǧûܽɽǣȴһ˽룬ңѾǴﵽ˳λĳ̶ȣ
ϢǴ˵½磬ҲȻ󲨣
ǾʲôˣԺη
˶ѯʣĳ⣬󣬲ĺôǣȴ˿Ϊɫɱ䣡


1407 λ
λǰ
飡
乧άĻû˵ڣһͷǱ˳ȥһѪնۣԶʮ֮Զͣã
Ļ˶ЩͣӦҲ֪ͷΪβŻ˺
̵ֶΣȴһε𺳵ˣ
ͷǿϤĺܣûκηͱɳȥôʹţǰᣬò绨һŮӣҲӵкǵ
ʱõеȻ΢Щ½
ǰ˾ԲǺǵģ߾³һʱڣȻû˸кˣ
Ϊͷڶûأ
ָжذ
ֻ̲Զһѩ׵СϣһĨԻĹ컡ȡ
ƺЦĺܿģ
Ǳ纮һɨʱǻָɫʲôҲûзһĿбӣֱǰľŲɽ
СɵЩ΢ţƺʲôĺ࡭
飡
һ쵱УһŰӰӶԶĴڣټ
ߣ
֣һɨ˲ԶȺĿھŲɽ֮ϡ
ǰ
أ
ʮһӺܿ͹ȥˣûмƳļõһЩǸ
ܼ򵥣϶Խŵ棬͸ѣһӣһʱ䣬Ǵ츳һεĸߵͣ
ԣʱ󲿷˶㣬Ƿӣ
ʱĺܿ죡
ʮӹȥˡ
ʮӹȥˡ

ʱֱӾը˹һ
ҵ죬ȻʮķӣƴҲ˰Ȼܳôãѵ츳Ѿƴ۱𣿣
˿ƲסԼľ͸¶ŨŨ뾪㵡
ƴۣʢһŴɫʣҲΪӽһλۣ
ʵλƴ֮ʱ츳һ㣬һСӵܣֻǣΪ屻ֻ뼸͵ѣԣ뵽ɽײԵ
ŵУƴ˵ʱǷʥѣǣȴɽڳʮӣһˣӴԾţҡϣֱ۷壬֮Ǽµĵλ
ʱڣܹʮϵĴҲ࣬Щϵoˡ
ϣͣϢˣ̫ţû˻ܹƽ
Ϊлᣬİӣлĵλ
ʥ۷ΪϣٳһۣƱؾ£ɨһУ
ҲֻЩĿµ֮⣡
ɵΪ£ʱ˵пһͳ£
û˻ỳһλ۵ֻλ벻ôѣ
Ͼλǿһͳǣ֮أڵܷܵסֳ
ʱǽٲȫµ˶ɱС
ԣЩĴۣȻ£ǣȴҲû˭Ҫһͳ£
ǣȫµ˶ֻԼһ
Υˣֻ¾ǴۣҲգ
ʱֵеСԾһң˫ʯ˸⣬Ҳм¶
Զ̿ƽʵ˫ˮһڣҲǺһĨ
λǰ
һòãԶԶĳʩǸǰһڣǸܵһ궼ҪΪ֮ı⣬ǸѾ˺ϵġ֣Ӳĸȥǻһƺ
ջĿ⣬ŸоԼ죬ǳһģͷϾǺԭ⣬Ҳɷɫƺܵĳֲֿľһ
λҵӵܣûж⣬ֻύѡ
Ŷͷϵ麹ͿЩĶ˵ţǾģɫһ䣬ͻһ
ڵ˹ϵشòѯʣȻ彵ɵ
ҾȻҲˡ
ԶȺдһЩ
ңɲһ㣬ıˣǵǿ֮ΪǵȵõһʯӴ˷ңڣҲǺպĴۺˣһǵĴ̣ʱСĺ䶯
ֻǣȴ治ɫûһֱ
ҵɫˣϽɫǣҲŭԡ
Ҳͬң


1408 oת
ΪѾֶ̺Σҵգǽȥ
Ϊǰ˼ԾǸͷˣ޷Ӧ㰤ˣ˭ȥ
Ҳ֪ˣǾǰˣ
ڣԱˣΧЩ궯ˣҲƽȻʣȴҲ֪ǵòģ
ԣһС˻ſ̵֮⣬ˣȴٽĿתƵ˾Ųɽ֮ڡ
ʱѾʮӹȥˣ
˶ڴڴڵĴƺǵС඼̶ֳܲȵĴ̼ˣˣ۾ͨ죬ŵŬķйżһһ
ɱΪǲԸ֮
Ϊʱ飬ʵ̫ģ˷˼ˣ
ǧ궼ûܹȥɽ˽룬ȻܹʮӰʲô
˵츳Ѿ˽ƴۣ
̫ˣǻԵ㹻˾ǿԵټµλ
Ҳ˵ڼ֤һλĴۣ
˭ܱ򶨣
û˿ԣС˶ǿԿͫеļ
ǣ𾪵飬ں桭
ʮӹȥˣ
ҵүѵ˵Ȼܹλ𣿣
һ׷ԲԵ߲ߺ˼ǻģƺһӾͻΪչȥһ
oۣкܴģ
Ȼͬһ磬ǣѭ֮뵥֮ǾԲͬʥ׾ͻԵ¶
˵ĽλǾǴܹѭ֮
ˣٶ֪һЩ⵱еء
Ȼڵ۾£λû·ǣû˻ܹɽڵ˲ܹ۷ĵ۾
δܵϵ۾ҲΪʥ׵һˣпܣʥ۷壬ȥ벽
Ѿ̶ֳȣһнпܣ
ҵֱӾûƢˣüĨ޷޲ƽҲ˻̿֡
ˣǽ˵ˣԺ壬־ٶԵĴλʧˡ
òӲͷƤǰǸϿҡ
ľٶЩˣǸõͷһһǰǸ
ǵľٶû˭߿෴ģǵϣǿǶԼ壬ҳϣ
ֻǣΪͲǣ
ڣû˸˵Ƣ
ΪǸʸ
òЩط˰ɣ
Щˣƺ뵽ʲôʱͫڶǴһĨȻɫ䲻ľʹһȥ
Ѿʮˣ죬˾˭ѵoתɣ
ʱϱٴ쳹߰ľǻҲĳ棬һȺڴȥĺС
ˣ
һͻأ쳹ѹһУҪŭʱ򣬼ԴһǽҪѿڶŭ˻ȥ
Сӣڸʲôôء
˵ʱˢˢľ͵ȥһƬЩ˴ѪС򣬶ȥ
λ㿪Ҫ
ȫµˣܹɽΪݣãȻʱ̫ˣ
ܶдⲻ۵ôͲһһأ
ֻǣѪӣ̵ǣȴǹһĨǳЦ
ʵһõķйʽ
ȻҲ̲סеļˣ
뵱ԼڣǲŴ˼Ӱ
һﵽãȥ˾Ͳˣ
ѵ˯ˣ
ɵĶȤζš
ܿģʮӱǹȥˡ
֯ɽڳ˰ʱҲʮӣѵҪݼ¼ɣ
ܴ򲻴Ƽ¼ΪϵĴڡ
ϧ֪ļҵȻ̾ԾٽͶ
ȻҵȻһλ۵ķɣ
˼ۣЩǱģЩȴǺܳϿҡ
ӻĹʱѾǲ֪ˣڼ䣬ҲûгۣԣڵˣǴ˵ӵܵĴۣǳ˺ģҪ֪ӵеģôһ̶ֳȵܣ
ε𾪣εĸпɽ֮ڵķƿǲ֪
Ǿɫɹ뵽ɽΧڵʱѹҲ۾
ָоЩɫɹȪһĽţ°ëſںţңģЩɹƺ뵽ڣ뼡⣬ϸУһһϴš


1409 ֮
ɽ֮ڣȴû־Ųʵҫɫȡ֮һ鶯̣ǣԣһۿȥǻľ·ϵʯ飬ǺԼһ
ʱΪƵĴ룬ƺҲеܾȣǽԼͷ̽˹ڷɨţƺھ˾ʲôͬȻܹԼ򡭡
ǾϳѣƴʱҲɵһ
ܵˣЩľʯ飬µĵ棬еһУӵһ
÷Ƹе֮࣬ͬʱҲڸпɽĲ֮
һݣһľԾ飡
ũɲݣ
ûзϵѣҲûԼɽĿģǣ˴󲽣
һ·ϣϹ⣬ȼգɨܣѰũɲݵټ
ʱޣңഫûܹڶΣ
շ˵ũɲݣѾӵԼǣԣɲǷҩ֮ƶλã䣡
ҲǷ˺ܴľժȡһꡣ
꣡
ŷϵĽ̵뵽֮󣬷һֻһһĨҩԱָ⣬ҩ磬ƢƬ
ȻҲûͣ½Ųҩɣϸɨÿһͬ㣬ڴũɲݵټ
ɽľûޣֻвľʯ飬棬羲ֹһֻǣ⾲ֹĻ棬ȴʱʱ̿ڸıţ
һ鵹ڵһʯ˸Өǣһп
Щֹ֦ıСӭչƣǸϳһȻܹƶλã
磬ڷǰһѾҪƵȥǹģȴηһȻƿó
ֹһЩʯҲԼϢĹһԣҡΡ
Ȼоܾ棬ǣļũɲĸŮһӶҵ飬ҩɢĿɨܡ
ʱŵĺܿ죬ҲԽԽżΪԼҲ֪Լʲôʱᱻżȥ
ֻǣżûõģ
ֻǿеѹ⸡ϸϸÿһأҲŹ
ΪũɲǣҪӿԼҲûκΰ취ҲĻ޹
Ҳ֮£ƸûȥԼڵ״
ڣ
ɫɹë˽Һ㣬ļ⣬ϸӲӣ޺ҲΪˣƺһѡ
ϢУʣõ˴󻡶ȵһֲľطչš
ȻⲢ˵ʵľǣıʣ
һ֡ʡı仯
ʣʲôл׶Ļ壬ӵлܣǳѰǣ֮ȴڻ֮ϣ
ԭ򣬾Ϊʡһ
ļ֮أǧʥ޾ǵںϴӣƵѾǴﵽһĵزҪٴεõ⼸ǲܵ飬ǻøʥ޾ɣ
ǣŲɹϴ֮£ʣȻû޵ģԼۿɼٶȣÿһӶڸıţ
ˣǼӣڽһƬǽɫĺ嫺ڡ
ǣ
ϵҪģ
Ϊ־ɫɹ⣬޿ײ룬Ȼ뵽ԪУ뵽췣֮С
һѻ潽һ׻ͣԪжʱͷ绡˸˸˱ģɭףȻǸˣɢҲΪֲһһȥٶȣɱʿĶ࣬ÿһ붼ǿ
ֹԪУΪصУɫɹҲ˽
˵ģôУλ֮һŮ洹ɣܺƴΪػһڵġ
ɹڵûκεǣڵǳ֮һ֮֡ȴǷ˺ܴı仯
ǰڵõ󻡶ȵǺߣȴǸӵͬˣ
ԭǱ˵֮һɫĺ󣬵ǣ־ɫɹ֮ȴֱӽһ嫺ңѹ
ɹǿѹ£һɫĺ󻺻£š
󣬹ģȻٴ۳״ƵʱõʱһģһֻǣɫƺһЩ
ֻǣԭܽ뵽ڵ飬ȴǹģеУ
ɹƺҲǣ˾٣û֪ΪΣˣǸȫ֪顣


1410 ɽ
ɫɹ⣬Ӳҫۣ˲ֱӣˮɽڣܿʵ
ЩƺӵԼǵɹ⣬Դܳ飬Ϊʵ֮󣬱ת˷ȥһ˭Ҳ벻ĵط
Ǿǣ
ΪҪĵطǵȪԴֻܾ첨ܿڵʵǿУôƿһ˵
ǣ־Ųʵɹ⣬ȴ˽ңû˼򡭡
ԭһƬããڳžɫϼ⣬粻ٵɫʣϲʺ񷡣
ˡ
˻ζ쳹Īؽ쳹Ϣ˿˿紵
ɫɹҫ˸˸˵ĵϣˮһӾŸϿ뵽˵֮ڣǣɹȴûȥӴмöӡڱ֮ϣ뵽Щ·֮ڣ
ʱڱϵ·˸žŲϼ⣬һһЩĵطȻҲĽӺһЩСԵ·Ҳƺʲôڿ䣬ϳһµͼӨӨ⣬Լ
Ƿƴʱȫȫ棬ôܹ֪ɹ;
һЩƵĲȱʣǴ
ôһֱũɲݣ
ѾǽüˣŬѹŸʱҲЩƽˡ
ʱѾɽ׵ľ룬ǣȴûзũɲݵټܹأ
ҪУɽĴѰңǣȴɲ
ɽڣǻݣľʯͷأǶԼǣǷֱǰߣᷢʲô£һ·ͨǣҪƵУôΧĲľʯͷǰ׼ͨС
ƿɲСЩƴĻľ
ɽʱڱǴˣ಻Ѿǲ֪˶ˣЩľʯ飬һֱǳɹԡ£Ҳܵ಻ĳǾǰǷҲǳɾˣԲǺǵģ
ðȻָ֣Ļ˭أ
ԣֻһֱǰȥ
ʱȫѰũɲݵټϣǣȴûзԼΧĻҲֳһּ״̬
ɽΧĲľɽʯÿһֱͨɽۡ
ɽߣҲ㣬ȥҲǸСɽ¶ѣоɫɹⷺԣûʲôĵط
Ҳ֪ǲΧЩõûΪԣƲûлĶʱǾ͵ɽۡ
ɽۣ棬翴ҲǾɫɹķԴأҫۣoҲʵҲû֪ɽ۾ʲô
޾¹ȥˣӭĵһλˣ
ɽϣһСƽأƽɽ۴һȥܹϣ֦ϸʹɫѿΣ֦Ҷ״Σ˼Ե״СݣŨɫΪ̻ҰɫƽëҶµأС
ֻǣΪѸߣɴжѣฯпգһƬƬƤֲܴڣⷭƺһ֮ܽ
ôɽ۵ϣӭչһƬƬҶ죬쳹ĳɣȥʵҲûκε鶯Ƿͨѣ
ũɲݣ
һۣƱǿһԵһɲݡ
һɲȴӨ˸˸ߣƬҶӣԲΣ΢΢ҡҷ鶯ӨӨ
ũҩڼصģũɲݣרһУϵɽֱۣũɲݡ
ǰˣûżҺҩƶɢγһԲΣ𽥵ĳũɲݿ
˵ЩһɲݲûļܰĴҩԵİУҩԽȻ󣬳ŷ
ɲݲմȻƷ׽½
ԣũҩ䣬ܱ֤ҩԲʧ
ſڣҩ԰ɲݣ˽ʺ£ûбԼһ⣬ũҩ֮ϣƬҶҡҷҩƣũҩ˸˸⡭
ֻǣȴмҳɫԣȴһ˿˿ɬ
ڵõũɲˣ
ҩɲݣпϲڶӿϲõɫ
ҩ֮ȻѵãǣʥѧֶΣûκ⣬ڵõũɲݣĸŮڵĶҲͲõˣ


1411 
õũɲݣһֱŵģǷϸ¶ɵĻȡ
ǣܿģ⣬ȻǻƤأŲҪϣģ꣬ԼˣЪϢˡ
ǡ
۾У˸Ƿ˯ʵɨһܣǷ±ߵڣ΢һ٣ȥĵ˯ȥ۾ת˲統С

˯֮һ֦⾹ȻֱһƶԭĲ棬תǰһҶ£ƸסУ
綼һƬŵУʱƺֹˣûзû

һ˲ɫΣƴûм顭
ɵһƬûκε˻ɫ
ģΪһ
ƾúãȻɨܣȴûзֳ·ģƺһܷĿռ䡣
߳Ҫ󺰴Уǣȴ޷á
ֻվԭأһ˿һҲƶˣ
һʱ䣬Ʒˣ߷һƬɵ統УĿš
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãƬɫжһ鶯ƺʲôҪ
ƣҲĿ鶯Ĺ棬ǿҵĸоĨ鶯Ǹıһ
һӣ֪ӣ֮ڷƵע֮£ۿɼٶڳɳţ𽥵׳󣬴һС˻ƶСȻӵļⲿѿһƬƤʱһĨɫǳⷽɵ統УңƺĳЩⷽĻ磬ҲڷһЩ΢ı仯
ӷѿĳһƬɫҶӣӯƺţһ
ʱţڿţĳ󣬶ңӵĸЩɵ徹ȻλÿȥһƬһΧɿռڴڵЩӯĹ㣬ǶһС˳ڣǷһΪһСգɳ
Ʋʲô˼ҲôֵģǣȴǾãƺһ飬ڷ
ֻǣҪȿȥʱ򣬻ȴͻȻת
غڳģɭ׵ī֭ĺ˸·硣
ӰգǴУҪŬĿǲ㱡ȴôҲ
Ӵ棬ȴܹʶӰУһŮӣ
ƺƴ󣬳أǵĺţƺּ̧ǿԽΪã
ǴʱӰ·ȴһͷͷֵĹ磬
˸ߴÿһͷ֮ߣڣƣŲаϢĻţӶ֮ģԹһķƣҲҪ֡
ΪЩڵĹȻƬת
һʢս
·ڹȫºӰҪ֮𣬶ӰҲ׷׶֣ʱѣ綼ˣȻƵУЩڵĹڱշɱǣ磬ͬʱҲڱš

̾ϢҲǷΨһû⾿ôµʱӰʧǰĻһεתˣ
زûת䣬ɺڳģǣĩյķΧУӰȴʧˣȡ֮ģһȺˡ
һֵˣ沿ɣ峤࣬ǣеܹͽ˺أеӵиܣ䣬ѣŮ٣ʱ뷽ųֵЩڹɱţŲҵϢѪ죬һһ˵£һһĹﵹ£ѪɺӣΪһսӢ飬ҲЩ
꣬ˣŭڷ֣ڲ֪ʲôʱʼӨỨһ˫ȭͷҲ΢΢ק
ƺףǵڶֵӰڳֵΪػⷽƴţЩɱš
Ҳ֪˶ãɱֹͣƬȾӢѪϣһųǣЩųǻ֮ƺĳϵһµĴĿģѹһأ
ƾĿţƺȴʱ䣬Ҳȴǳ


1412 ߳
ɽ貣ɫϼҫۣҫ죬յâʮء
ɽ˸ɫʣˣӵдԵ츳ÿһӵг˵ĳɾ͡
˽֪飬ǰ½Щ壬ߴУһļء
ԣֻҪǴﵽ˴ʥˣһ㶼ɽײһײԵ
ǣЩ·ʱȴǷ֣ɽǰΧˣңһһ̫
õһЩˣɵһȻĿţӦ֮ȴǵ
ΪЩƷˣһ򵥣ȫɲ⣬֮ϣ޷ƣ
ѯʣЩ˲֪ԭȻ˽뵽ɽѾ˶ʮӣӽʮˣ
֪ˣ޲ǵڶһƬ㵵ɫʲô˼һ
Ϣˣһʱ뵽ǣѵλoת
ʱڵЩoֵܹʱģҲǲడңÿһλӵоʢ񣬱̣
ĸˣ
ʣǣȴûܹشĳһЩ˴֮󣬸ǲȥѯ̡
֪
̬ȹûҲûǣҪʹǿʵѹùľԼ
ƺΪֹȻûһ˳סһУ
𾪣׷ײ̵ֱӶǳЩͷĽӣŵԼϵĵûٸȥֻÿϷĿ⿴Щȥˡ

ţ
ƸоԼһܳܳΣ֪ʲôʱͻȻ۾ɣ󣬱һƬã
ô⣿
֣ĻЩԺԴ૵ô˯أ
Щ벻׾Ƿʲô顣
ˣ˯ǵ˺ܳʱ䣿ѵѾ˽֮𣿣
֮ǰһ֮󣬷ƺһ±վ̧ţǳȥһ˿һҲͣ
ΪԼѾ˯˺ܳʱˣƺ˯˼ôԶ
ԣҲܲȷѾȥ˶ʱ䡣
һֱɽۣͣ˽Ųתһϵǿſ
λĵطֻ֯ȥ
˽ɽ֮ǰϽЩٴγһĨãɫɻ
ãȥɽ۲Ǻѵ鰡ңƺҲûз˵Ҫܴܺѹ
֪ΪΣɽһУƺݵȫͬ
ˣҲûʲôͬ
ٴɨһɽۣҡҡͷûٴԥͷҲصĳȥƺûʲôֵˡ
񣬳˻ũɲݣҲûʲô̫Ļһ·ϣûзĳλµߴС

ƣԼǾŲʵɹ߳ģ˴ֵķΧܹ֮״ˣվϼⷶΧˣҲһ۾ͷ
Ƕһ˫˫ʲô񰡣Ŵͣ㵣𺳣ȡ
棬ƺΪֵ̤һǾ;ֹһЩŵˣֻ߽Ŷǰǰһ̵λãĿ⣬ǶĶ۾գһ¡
ô£ôôˣ
ƱǿķëΪЩڶһļµڣǱֻҪʬ޴棡
ԣǵһ¶Ŀ⡣
һٶʱõ°;ֱѾˣһ˫˫ӼҪɳˣƺǼһõķƸëȻֱҪ˻ɽڡ
ΪʱʱȻһЩɽڵũɲݵϢǣȴûйĽֻͣ˵ܴϼӶѣԣҲǺ˽ʱǷʲô顣
һۣǾͿ˴ڲԶ̣һϵС
ߵɫҲЩ죬̵ƺҲû֮ǰǰ鶯һ¶һݵɫ
Сʯˣ˫ʯӣƺֹˣͣһ΢΢ſϲ£ƺǿʲôһ

̻ڣƲɵĺ˿ڵĵǱǷǣŴ󲽣ȥ
ţûʲô̰첻ģЩܹ̣ôҲѲˣ
ʦ
ܿģ˽ӽǴ͵£߳ɽǰһЩ


1413 ˯
ʦ
̾ȻûһĿԼᣬһĨɣʱԼӣڸоûбȥ֮󣬲˿һεĺ
ţ
һΣ̷Ӧ˹΢΢һȻѸٵĻָɣɨһΧΧ˲ûзӦǷڷϣɨһ֮󣬲ǿʵΪʲôȥôã

⻰ƲɵڨڨһЦͷЩ˼˵ΪҺ˯ˡ
оԼѾ˯˺ܾˣ˵Ǽ죬˵Ǽ¡
˽̹ŹƢ
ણ꣡ͨ
⻰ڣΧ쳹һЩҵһЩ˵°ֱѾʣһЩ˺ϢԣڵֱۣϵСҲһεĵȥֱ֫顣
һЩǳǿˣţҲǶзһһֲɫڨЦķƣһʱڣ̶ЩӦˣСźϼ䣬پڸ˵
˯ˣ
ʲô
ԺڵһӦǾǾԲܵ飡
ɫɹ⣬ͬѰ˵ЩѾλĴ۽ڣµļض˵ɹ磬޷ء
ɹΧȻܹ˯
ϵɫȴ٣Ϊ߳ʱƺɫЩ٣ƺǼææϳһ
ôӦǻᱻɹżǸɲģڷַ߳Χʱȴܹ׾ٵ˻ȥ
ЩȻСǣһЩȴεļˡ
Ҳ˵ƲǱɹżģԼ߳ģ
ͷװһըըһǶըԺˡ
ɽˣ˭ϣһ㣿
ңǾԼǿˣǻɽۣڴ񻰴˵е֮أ
ʲô£Լ߳
Щܲˣ
ʮһӣʱ˯
һ׷ԲԵǳ鴤ţò૵
ʮһӣ˵˵̲̣
磬Ǿת˲飬ǣܹɽڳʮһӣ츳ʱڵoܹᲢۣ
ֻǣѵھΪ˯ϰСʱ
ƺҲܣ
ܹڣضץʱѰԵܵһ
ԣ̣ţƽȥΪ˯
ϾҪȥѰũɲݵġ
ⶫɲңŷһھժȡ
ֻǣǸоֵǣԼ߳ģ
ûһۻˣܲ˵ȫ˶ۣ
벻ͨΪηƾȻǻԼ߳أѵѾĳԵ
뵽ֿԣ⣬мȷˣ
ǣǱǷ׷ײƾǵõʲôԵ
ʮһӣ
ΧҲɵһٴһĨɻ
оԼѾ˯˼ôãûм꣬Ҳм»ʱ䣬ڣЩ˵ʮһӡôǱ۾Ȼˣ
Ͼڵ۷ǻ˲ʱ䡣
ô
ԺϡһЩģĻ棬һӵѿɳɫս
һĻĻ侳ʵȴǱģһΡ
εʱʵǣһˣʵκܿͻᵭȥֻҪʱ䣬ҪȥǶǲˡ
ڵķƾˣо˯еЩӡ뷢飬ţ𽥵ģ
ߣ
˻ûзӦʱӻŷƣ˻һĨ⣬ת˲ʧʡ
ৣ
һӰǴ·ٶȾˣٵ׷ȥȻ˿ȫһЩĿɿڴվ
׷
Ҳ֪˭һһʩչٶȣ˳Ǹ׷ȥ
ֻǣȴûһ˵õҲûд˭׷ˡ
ǣһϢȴǿٵڴ
ӽɽʮһ֮ã
ϢһˮըͶ뵽ƽĺ棬ʱ캧ˣ޷ƽϢˡ
ǰ½ˣҲɽĵѾˣǣĸȴӵɽϣ೤ʱ䣬츳ɾΣϸļء
ʮһʲô
˶֪õĽһλ˳ˣ


1414 ˯
ڷ̶תոıߣҲڸǣԣǵĿʵݣҲûбϳ
ҲΪһ¼ɽųڣǶһЩǿڡ
ڷƾǲ˯ǲԼ߳ģЩЩˣŵĺ٣Ϣ˽ǵ鴫ȻҲûȥƽЩϾܹɽڴʮһӣѾ˵һС
ҲΪ̵ʱǿֶΣ˶ǳϲɣõһЩɵɳѯֻǣȴҲһһʱ󣬷粨ƽϢȥ
츳츳ܹܲɳ⻹Ǻ˵ģֻǣǿ츳û⡭ôؼ佫һλ

̴ŷ֮󣬲ûֱǸΧߣٶȻ±˸ϣǣ治Уܶ˶ܹƾһ˿˿ܹ׷˵ĺǡ
ЩȻףԣһ·ϵĸıԼŸС
ңÿһСʱңǻôһΡ
һУȻǿУ΢˼̵ͬʱҲһۡ
ǿ̶Ҫ˵СĽɲԴԺҪҪõַ
Ҳ֪жԶдŰҵʱ䣬̲Ǵص˰½ǽ뵽ռ䣬ϵת

һƬɳĮУͣ˽Ų³ĮĻһһµĴֶ⣬סơ
ţ÷ĿɿڴһĻˡ
ǰһһģһԼһģһ̣лСڴ۶ɣһϢϵζͬǱƳһ
˵ȴȫĵȥΪֱ֣Σһ紵ܹ͸ǵ塣
֮ɱ񸮵ֶˣ
ৣ
һƿǸƳ˱ʧԭأԶ
÷ƸԾǣǸƳֶξȻһܹ
ֶΣ̾ˣţҪ취ŪУ

Ҳ֪ǲǹģŷƲδԶԶһƬС
ৡ
Ǽʮʱ䣬ʧԭؾȻͳӰе˫˸ŹĹâеı嶯еĶǺƬ̣ǶǸƳķ׷ȥ
Ȼ׷ٵֶΡ
Ʋɵİ࣬ľѣȴǻ̵һǰۡ
ⲻǷϻ
ǰȥɽˣһ㶼ѡȥĿЩǲڹųڵˣɶӵ׷ľӢеٮٮߣ
Ҫˣɲô򵥵飡
÷ĸң
ҿԸȥʦģǾǳЩ˵׷٣ʵٿ϶¶
лʦ
ڷ;УֿĶ̵Լĸм
ȻŮʦȥԸŹ֣ǣȴǺΪԼģɣǲ֪ԼҪȥɽԲųԼСԺˣЩȻʳ
㡭˯
ĸм̲ûзϣһۣƽʵ
ʻڷƻеСһͷ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷһĨɻȻ˵ũɲ֮Ȼ˯ˣǣҲ֪Լ˯˶á
ũɲ˯ˣ
΢΢һУת
ţƲԼ˵ѣֻǣп϶ǷʲôԼ˶֪顣
СǱʯҲɻЩ
̱ûʹСҲ˻ȥ
ûӵйũҩ䣬ȻҲ֪ЩʣȻ͵ЩʣȻ΢С˯˼ӡ
ܰҵû˯š
ֻǣڷƵԺڣȴ쳹ϵ
ʦѵ㲻֪ҽɽ֮ʲô£
һɻʵ
ʷԼ˯֮󾿾ʲô飬ѵǱ۾Ȼˣ
ţɹҵ
ֱӳˡ
ɫɹ⣬һУʱȥ顣
Ŷ
ЩٵӦһȻ𣬡ʦΪ˵ɽֻܴӶѣңҲû˵ѹ
ַ
ĸоУɽڣɹȪһůӡУɽ˯ϼӦöû⡣


1415 Ժô

ôһʣ϶ʱᣬ˵׷£ֱ߳ŭˣСӣʮһʲô˲ģһֱ˵𣿣ûѹװ㣡ߣ
СһڳЦԼ𣿣
ȻɣʮһӡȷֲͦģǣһѵͲ֪һѵ֪Լû𾪵лѹ𣿣
ҲףΪͬΪ֮壬Сһȴܹôʱ䣬ѵûѹ
ǽɽˣôܲ˽ǾɫɹĿ£
뵱ҲĴ䶯ˣķ룬ǣܾˣ

ҲǱƿˡ
ʦˣ
ʵʢŭеķƺˣûи߷ƣɽŶþô츳
ԣƲŻúҲûҪô
ѵֻǻþ𣿡
Ժǻ統гֵһĨɫôҲϲߣǣȴȷʲôˡ
ʱ㣬ڼӵʱһôԶΡ
Ҳ֪ǲǱˣȥӰҲԼٸ·Ǽʱңǻصʥѧ֮ڡ
лʦ
ٴεлʱѾʧȥټһĨЦûȥֱӻԺӣǳĵסȥ
ΪѾһΣ˵ҲֱͨӾʹŷ˽ȥ
Ժʦˣ
ʱ鷿һЩϣ˻ֱͨӱǽͷĻƷ£˳ȥ
ƼԺ
΢Цк
㡭
ķƣЩǼҪʳĻΪһԵĻȥ
ȥɣ
˻֮Ǵŷƽ鷿ڣҹ˷š
ⷿͨǣⷿӵĲϿɶ򵥣Ǵʥվ⣬ҲԿƲʵ
ȥɽˣ
ǹţıЩٵʵһ˫ĶŷƣƺҪʲôͬ
ţȥˣ̵ʦȥģ
Ƶ˵ͷ㲢û
ϾᵽЩȻ֪ǣȴ֪ʱϢҲԲõԼ
Ϊ뿪ʱ򣬷˵Ѿǧûܹɽˡ
ڸǲˣң˻ʸԺǰҲҪΣ
㡭ȥˣ
ĴһЩʵһڣԵЩˡ
˵ÿһܹ֮ɽģ
ңΪĸ߲㣬ϢҲܹ֪࣬ɽĵطȻÿһʱ̹ĵģ
ǹųڣʵҲߣ֮һӣҲǲ뱻ʶݣ
ţ
Ƶͷֱӳˣ˵ԺѾժȡũɲݣ

ĵԣĺ˼Σǿѹеļ㡭˶ã
ʮһӣ
Ȼ˵
ʲô
ֱӾ͵Բ۾гΪ߰
鷿ĲʹɣһУֻʥѧ˶ܹļˡ
ʮһӣôܲ˽ʲô
ʱɫͨ죬ͷϵѪܸڵͫ϶ǷѪ˿ƺҪըһ
֮壬ôôõʱ䣿
ЩţǣǳϿҵɫ˲û˵ѣң飬ܿҲᴫ뵽
Ժôˣ
ȻķƣȻɫ
ܲΪԴɽ֮߳ÿһ˿Ŀⶼǿһأ
Ȼ̶ˣڵˣڣͷʱˡ
ƺϾΪʱܲ

ĺţʱҲ˲ʧʧ̬ˣã΢ƽһ¼ٴȷϵʵ㡭ɽʮһӲűż
⡭Լ߳ġ
ƺɻĵзϵɫɹӦǻһǿѹŶԣԣ츳һˣǽ벻ȥڣΪǵ츳ֻǽھͻᱻɹշˡ
ʲô
仰ʱĲһûлϢ˹ȥЩҡҷƺҪء
ԺԺôˣ
ǰҪסȴԼվסˡ
˼ǣ㻹ܹɽڴĸö𣿡
Ķһһٵʵ


1416 ô
ɽڣɫɹȻһѹǣĺôȴǲԶÿһڵ˶ܹĪĺô
ԣܹڣ˶ǻǿţֱһ뱻ɹż
ңɹѹΪԣ粽Ҳӵ·̣ɽоǼʮҲ߲ȥ
ԣ֪ܶԼûǸһ㶼ǻΧţɹϴӣԱá
Ǳ֪ƵɽɽۣǽʲôӣûܹԤ֪ˡ
ֻ£ЩΪϵȻдģѰɣ
Ҫ֪ӹҲʹ֯ҲϹɽɽ۶ѣ
ǣûеȥȴûܹ֪ԣҲ޷ȷϡ


ٴʣҲֻٴεͷ˵ϼҲûģҲɹͬԱģ˵Ӧûܴһʱɡ
ɽĿֻһǾժȡũɲݣ㣬Ķ˵Ҫ
㡭
⻰ֱӶ֪˵ʲôˡ
˼ҳŵѪţһﵹǺãȻԼ߳
ԺѵɽڴԽԽã
ɫԣʵ

ЩĿãԺ˹ڷƵϢʱʵѵʦûк˵ɽ飿
ûС
ҡҡͷЩε˵ʦֻҵɽȻһˡ
ʲôȻʶûи㣿
⻰һ˫ֱӶԲˣŭǡ
ȷƶǽɽժȡũɲݱǾԼ߳ˣΪͲ֪ɹĺô
ŭˣǰ̰
Ҫ֪ܹɽˣҲûд˭ܹڶν룡
Ҳ˵ÿһֻһεĻᣡ
Ȼôװ׵˷ˣŭ죬ҪȥۣǣҪŵʱȴһͣͣ
뵽̵ݣڣܹǵأ
Ů˾°˴£
̾ϢһտڣɨһܣȻޣҲȥˡ
Ժѵɽڳʲôôɣ
Ҳ̲סеĺ棬ǿʵ

ٴ̾ϢһһһʮĽЩȫ˵û˿ıɨһۣ˵뵱֮ǽ뵽ɽʮŷӣԲǰɾ͡
ɹ⾹Ȼֺô
ƲһŽͷԼϡ
ڵı仯ʱõķſֱ˵ӽɽ˼ǷũɲĸŮϣûȥ˼鿴Լڵı仯ǣôһֱĿɿڴ
ȿģȻԼʣ
ӲӣǺһӿÿһ鼡⣬ÿһÿһϸǵõ˳ɱ
ļ֮أ֪Լôģ
ǣԼֻǽɽʮһӣȻ⽫ôһֲֿľأ
ˣ
ֻǿʵǺˣӶڵķ࣡
˵½ӵдʱʵĻƾʣܹɨһУ
л׶Ӱƾʾܹ⣡
Ҳ˵ԭֻ൱һܵʱ൱ң
ɼʮһ֮ڵжôĿֲˣ
֮ȻŽȥǲһѣˣҲûʲôȥѣ
ǣֻȴһֻһΰ
֪Ժ󣬷Ҳ֪˵ʲôˣӿˮûеط˵
ĸоԼܹϼ߼¶û⣬ΪǾɫɹûжѹ
ѾˣҲûãܿģˡ
ΪĸŮϵĶҲҪһֱȥʵ˵ԲԼ˵İΣҪ
֪ܹܲٴνء
΢΢
Ͼֻܹ֯ϰʱѣţԼܹ¼
ôҲ˵ԼЩڲͬĵطҲܹٴνҲ˵أ
ҲϾʮһҲǼΪֲֻʱѾַˣʱԼǰȥ͵˼ǹȥ
ңôһ룬ҲҺԼʮһӾͳˣĴϼʱ䣬Ǿ̻Ҳһܹ߳
ԣʵҲһ£෴ģʮһӣҲ࣬ĳֻ֯ЩֲؾǧҲὫԼڳ


1417 ֪
Ѿˣͱ̫ˡ
ãҲ¸ŷưο
Ժ׵ģ
΢΢˿һĨǳЦûôûɥ
עܶ飬ȥˣͲ̫࣬ΪڣҲûκá
׾ͺá
Ҳ·ƻ˶̲Ƕ˻ʸ˵ɲʲô¡
һĬ
ԺҪҩռôˣ
뵽Լ⣬Ʊǿڷʵ
Ѿǵˣǽ첻ôҪ֮صʱˣ
Ѿȫռˣ
ķе֣֣óһָݸ˷ơ
⵱Ȼһ˵Ҫ󻤷ˣȽߣȻǻᱻѧԱңǹ涨κ˶ܹܣȵãԣһʱ䣬ҩϣǿٵıռˡ
ʵҲʥѧһֶΣҪ٣ǻᷢ͵ףѧָߣֻҪٶȣˣ˲ϣҲڰװ׵һˡ
лԺ
ɨһ۽ָڵƷ֮󣬷ԭ΢Щϱϲõɫֳл
С¶ѣ
ˣĵҲһ˿Ц⣬ȻЩٵģ˵ȥɣǵռȥ֮أ
Сӽǣ
Ƶ˵ͷôСӸˣ
õ˲ҲļеҪĸŮָ䣬һžۣ
ǣҲûĿףǳ鷿ҴҵĳԼСԺȥ
ʮһӰ
ԶȥıӰ˸żɫ޷ƽϢ
ģôƵĳɾ;ܹԽ֮ĳɾͣҲܹߵľ磡
ңڷƵĻﵱУȴҲˣٴһʱ䣬ҲҲпܡ
Խ룬ԽǼ
ৣ
΢ƿ쳹һӰ鷿ſڡ
Ժ󻤷룡
ûиĲ
𣿡
һĨ⣬֪ˣ
һָ֮ǳ鷿ŲԶߵɽжȥ
ϵʱԺԺλڴˡ
һλȥ󻤷ˣ˿࣬ңһλŮӣڣ
Ȼû˻ΪŮӶСܹλãǾʹӵ㹻ʵ
֮󣬺׷ͯ߱صĿʼ˵
ȻΪϢ˽ɽʮһӣҴţ߳ģ
Ϣ磬½Ĵ壬Ǻ䶯˿Ժԡ
ԣϢ˵֮һλԺ޷򶨣׷׾вܣ
ΨģȻҲھǣһ˫ӣȴԵıҪƽĶࡣ
׷߲ͯɨһ۱Ƿ쳣ڣʱüͷ΢΢һҲûɫ˵ҲʮһӴʲôɣ
ͷɫ
˶Ѱ˵䡭ˣ˻ʸͲȥκˣõˣҲɻ£ԣ΢ǲһЩƬѰһͿˡ
׷ͯĺȫ
Ȼ˵ȷǼΪҪǣڵ˻ʸ޷ȫˣǿлãֻҲ£
ǣǲɳѰƱֻĻɡ
Ͼûܹӣһ㶯ҲûУǿ϶ܻɣʱҲ϶鷳¡
һ켸λԺȥ¡ˣԺ£⻹еҪ㣡
ѸٵķԸţĸҪ߳ȥʱȴǽ֮סˡ
ǣ
Ȼɻ󣬵ǣͣ
ɣ
׷ͯߴһۣǳŲȥ
һڡ
ˣ˵ˡ
ȳصʯűرգ׷ֱͯ˵
󻤷ָʲô
һĨɻ󣬲̫ȷʵ
ģƺµˣ󻤷쵽һЩߡ
½ȵһҪӴĶĲϣǼҩ֮Ժʲôأ
׷ͯߵĿһֱۣһԵλ£ƽĿƺһжƿصС
Ǻǡ
仰ҲЦ
ȻΪ˷ƵݲʶԣҲԤһЩũҩ䷶ΧҩǣվǰλС
ʵ󻤷֪ˣ𣿡
˿һЦ˺׷ͯ߶档


1418 ⶾ
ڷƵݣ׷ͯ½ȱǾѾˣֻǣûе㴩ѡ
ɽѡΣȥģԣԷƵҲΪ˽⣬ĸŮ֮·ҲԤϵƱضȥɽȡũɲݣ
ټϸղڵɫȷˣ
ǸӣǷƣŮӡ϶̣
ԣȷ֮Ҳɵһڣ˸ƽ
ûб֪ɣ
ѹе𺳣µĶʵ
ûУ
ҡҡͷ
ĲǵãҪκ֪ݣ㣬ȫȨİΣ⣬һˣ㰵ذһЩ˱ӻҪ¨ӣ𣿣
ף
ܿ죬˱߳ңʲôҲûзһĴҴȥǲѰԺʲô£Ҳ˹ȥ
ȻΪλԺţǣ֪Խ࣬Խױ¶Ƶʵݣ
ı¶ˣǺ˻ʸܹܵģǷƼ뵽ĳУ

ӿǣȴ˿Ӱ첻Ƶ˵ճ
ƻصԺӣ˶ڣչصл׶ҲУԣҲѹеļɫ˽ȥ
Сɻˣ
ŵĴЦ¹ֱӳŷ˹
Դӷƻ˵һ֮ǶԷࡣ
ûĵһۣźۼĶ㿪ƣŮȥ

СδĻ첽˹˽Уֱ֡
ڣζ𣿡
ϴų΢ЦǵСŮ֣ڣ͡
һĻ˳
ڵ䣬Ϊ׷ʵ㣬Ե̫ˣʲô飬֮ԺˣΨǰǵһλ
ˣǸûмƺʹһ׺ԣл׶飬¹ءЩ˲ŻߣңУҲ˺ܴĸı䡣
Ů˽ȻҪǣΪԼŮȥ붾࿹ˣ˭һ
ˣǾиˣ
ѩڵǳţǴһĨǳǳĻȣվС
ֻ߳ȥ֮л׶Ҳŷȥһ񣬲һһ˳ȥ
Ͼһ죬󣬷ƿܾͻ֮رչһ꣡
ǲҲ
Ƹ磬ⶾĲ϶׼𣿡
վŷʵ
ţ׼ˣ
Ƶ˵ͷǴһĨ΢Ц
ȻԶɽʧۣǣãȴҲѾ㹻ˣңΪḻ
ᵽ󻡶ԻΪպǿ
߶
Ůһһк֮󣬷ƲǽĿɫЩĮϣ仰ǱСγȥң뵽ڵһ䷿䡣
ԥüŮ£ǺܲԸվ˳ȥ
뵽䣬ǿһһĳŶڳһι״ͼңлһŵɫĹʵ
ɨһۣϳ˰ǴϵĲν
ţ
˿пɬޱȵɫʵ֮󣬲Ƕ˵
ǡ
ţ˹ںһĨɻ
вϣûũҩ䣬Ҳá
ζ˭Ϊǽⶾ
ٴνһҩĳ̷ȥЩʵ
ⶾ
Ƕˣŷƣƺ뵽ʲôʱڶǸһĨ𾪵ɫǻָ˹һĨᶨ
ȻҪԷԸСγκε⡣
ã
һ߽ҩһ߰շ˵Ըֲϰڳһڡ
ˣ
һҩȥ֮ڣũҩ䱬һ߲ϼ⣬һһ
ҩϣûʲôʵһƬҶӵũɲ΢΢ҡҷҶƬƬӨŸҩԣɫʰ쵡
Ȼɲ΢΢һΣҩתƶʱǸоȫһᣬÿһë׶ſˣں¿
ʱȴûȥϸ鿴߸ܡ
۾ʲôҪ룬Ȼָʱܻһĳ㲻Ҫ£϶ûµģһһֱ㣡
ƶм߽š
ĶʵǽΣȻٵͬ󻯳ɶ⣬ʲôʣ£


1419 
϶Ķϸ⣬ƱףԼĶô԰εļ䣬ͻͻȻıԣǲᣬֻ»⣬ЩϹɵĴãǰԡ
ǣȻӻܵǻһӰ죬ԣƲǻѡ
׷ģζҲػ׵ģ
С˹飬Ҳοš
š
۾СŮ˵ͷ߲֮һһ⿴Լķƣͷٴα
ҲЩڴҪ֪Լ֮ǰһʲôˣΪλһ𣬶ңСΡ
ζÿ׽ⶾ
Сڷмϣ齡
Ҫʼˣ
վڴǰ˿һڶȻһ߲ϼ⣬˫֣߲ҩƶʺһĿڷƵ֮£Щ֡
ˡ
Щ϶ʱ类ȼ߲ҩΪý鹹һµĴ󣬽ڡ
꣡
û˿ԥٴεҩԣû뵽ͷڣȥɱЩڵľ綾
ֶӣڼϣ룬ǿĨôҲһʧ
ԣų˲֮ǣЩ߲ҩȴǺر𣬽֮û붾Էͻҽսǣֱ˽ȥ
ȻƲܿЩ̬ǣȴͫͫĨ޵ںɢ
ʱ˿Ҳǽػţ˿Ĵ⡣
ⶾУûгʲô쳣˵һģһƱܹһ˿˿ͷƶһڿС
񸮣
ʶսȭͷĿɨһۻŵСһĨ
˵׵ķԶ񸮵ĳɼɲô׵ģСʧһʱ䣬ڴȹͷΪ޷ͨҲ֪ܵȴҲǲⶾ񸮲һ
ǲĻôˣԻ£Ժһ̵Ľѵ
Լ˰Сʱңͷĺǵޡ
ţ
ͻأģ߽͵һɷףͷ϶˺ˮƺڳʲôʹ顣
ˡ
ڷƵǵʱɸֲϹɵĴǷԼãһصƺڵŽɣ߼䲨һȻ󣬽Щҵļ˳
ף
С˹Щ΢ſȴ§ס
İɣûµģ
ȻǣǻȰοš
Ļû𣿡
Сڴһ˿˿
㱣֤׾Բµģ
ǼᶨΪ˰οСŮǿװû˵ӡ
ʵһжԤƵУĶһǻԲҪЩ齨
Լ˼ңߵɫǻĻָԺ󣬶µĴҲȥֲϵǺľˡ
ģߵϾ͹ۣû۾ɫٴαò԰ס
ѵˣ
ԭڴŵķҲǶȻɫһ䣬ҩ¶Բ
ֻǣƺûЧ෴ģߵĸˣЩ΢
߶߶ôˣҰ߶
Ʋûжϳҩԣ첽ǰҪȥסߣȴвңٳʲô⣬ֻܼץ
ףף㲻Ҫζ
СҲ˹ˮ䣬һ˫۾ͨ졣
ء
۾ʣֱǷ˷ϣǼģĶʱǵһһʱֹסǶߵһϵ䣬֮
Ȼ֮ǰһУĶһӵļ䣬ҲûʧԼĵĮƵż
ڵ뿪ʱˣֻаİ
ֻǣû뵽Ȼٻۡ
ãԼֱģȻǼȫʧǣǰĸԣȴǶκ˶Զ֮ԣһֱûб˵óѡ
߶߶ǵǷư𣿡
ۣæǰٵţ֣ȴǲȥĲ֪롣

˵ںԼԼһᣬҲܲסǰסЩ͵ķƣһ˫ֽıסĺ󱳣ͷؿڿš

ͻĳƺֱǽƴӵϵãڵȻҲǻϲá


1420 
ؿڿļˣƵĶڲţһ˫ҲǷ죬һ
ȻѾ˺ü֪ˣǣԿԵģȴߣ
⻳УСΣȴΪʣֻҪ£ԸѹҪϾ·
ڣ񸮵˴ߣȴһε飡
ƵĸоԼĶѿڵѪΡ
Ϊϵʣ֮壬ǰ֮½ȹھoת
ǣȴûһ˿˿Եã
ΪȻԼİӶӻܣ̸ʲôĳɾͣ

ؿڿߣܵ״ʱ̧ͷʵĿɴʡ
ϡǵãԼСεʱǽӽǾ񡭡
޷󣬵ʱķƾҪʹһʲôĵزŻһеģԼ
߶㣿ָˣǵˣ
ƻعץ˫磬ż׷ţڣǴŵǣƺЩ̫Ҹ
ң߶
̲ס޳˫֣ŷƵӣˮ䣬Ų˵һĸףҲһϸķһΨһķ
߶
仰һѱǽӵ뻳С
֪ԼӻˣԼеģǸѾԼӣ
˽ıţƺԷԼڣգĿԣȵ˫Ŀ£ϲһĲ࣬ԣһԻỨСζˡ

ȻСǣȴѾܶˣֶĳ棬Ҳֹͣ˿Ҳ֪ΪΣȻЦ˳ǻݺ˹ζҲҪףζҲҪס
аĻ˼˰ӵеˣرߣֱһǿ˽ߵĴʶıһѽ˳ȥ
ͨ
ҲǲҲû뵽߻ٴ´˺֣˴齣һƨڵ棬һȻĿɫŽߵߡ
ԭΪģǣȴû뵽ɽ׸ıƣߣ֮ǰǸߣ
ζ
Ƴȥ֮бЩˣڼķ¶Թֱ֮ˣ˴齣һѱСΡ
ף𣿡
С۽ǻˮȴǶµ˫֣Ҫȥϵۡ
ţ
仰߲СŮܾ綾֮󣬶ʱ۾ٴκˣԣЩʵȻΪ㸸װ

ҲվεϵĻҳ˹İɣСζҲģ
Ѿ
ζ
СŮתͷдŨŨڴ
Ȼ
صͷǶ˵߶ΪСζⶾɣ
š
ķǴȵ糺죬Ʋͷȥ
Ǻǡ
Ƶ࣬ĴЩĲٴδӽָóϣһ
ˣζҰɣ
תнӹСŮȻ˵СζȻͺһȻصͻΪⶾˣٴ۾ǰˣ֪𣿡
ţζ£ζҪҪǰ飡
Сκܶµĵͷûо⡣
ˡ
ŷƵ߲ҩԳǱˣҲٴδҩԣû뵽СԲ
ˣֻҪСʱұԽĶ
һУһǴŵǵߣƳοš
𣿡
Сͷںڵ߲ɵĻ̌ͷ
ɵϣ
¶Լһ棬һʹ֣ӵ뻳УϤ˱ǣҩ˰ġ
߻ûзӦʱ򣬷Ʊסǽ۵Ĵ꣬ңݺݵķ㡣
΢ܿ죬߱ɼĽסңӲĻӦš
СΣĸĸһεˣֱշ˲ǴԵ˹
ƿ˷ƣ߱Ҫ˵Щʲôǣһ뵽֮ǰ飬û˵ڣֻǰһ۷ơ
ǣȴǺԼԭ̬һǰۣȴǴĪķջõķƺЩ
ҪȡһЩжʱ򣬴ϵСȴ۾˽С


1421 ʱδ
ָСΣҲǿϡﻩģķƵŶǴʪˣһƬ
οãСŮǻʣ᲻֣һֱŵƺвһ
ǱŹԸַʽСεķƣһԵߣĵһĨҸЦ⡣
֪ǻһˣӵ˵ĳɾͣԲһ
ȻлЩһͬƣǣһ뵽ʵԼʶƣȴΪƵһŮˣһ˿˿ƽҲټ
ûʲôԹƽ飬˵ҫۣ˵㣬ܹΪӣԼĸ֣Ҳˣ
ңЩŮദҲòûԼеôʹ࣬෴ģ֮䣬ãҡ
ƺЩͬ˵ŮһҲûʲôõġ

СεЦǽ˼е߻˹̧ͷǿһ˫ȵĿ⣬ʱһٴεͷȥ
ٺ٣
ȴǵЦҪĵļӵ뻳İ
߶
뵽һΪҪ飬ϵɫһգأ̧ͷ˵ȥ֮ɺǰһ˵Լָ˼䡭
Ķǽ֮ݸ¶ˣǴƱػ󶯵ֻ˹
ÿһ֮Ǿףɾ۷壬½Ǻ޼ɵǿߣΪжԵ壬ǾԲӿɳԸԼ
ȻƵǵģʵԼԼΧˣԼӣɵˡ
Ϊ֮һ¶˻ʸԻ㾡ȫıӻԼǣԼѣˡȴôˣңܲһֱţ
ǲܽԼôЩ壬ԻԼΧ֣Ըġ
ԣ⻹ǹ֮ʱ
š
ߵüͷڶ񸮵ļʶȻҲ뵽һȥ
ƣʵΪԼ룡
Ͼ֮ݣ˵κεĲ㣬෴ģȴܹøߵҫλ
ǣΪԼˣȴǸķȥӵЩֿɵõõһů
֮ʲô
Ҳ˵壬ҲֻѣӵôһλǿĶԼķʲôأ
ίˡ
Щܡ
˵˵ȥʵΪԼʵ̫΢ȡЩǿĵˣԲŵڵ㳡
ʵ
һĨᶨĹâ
֮أһξѵĻᣬҲʥĻᣡ
Ȼ˵ûдܹһʱڴӷʥһ׳ʥ磬ǣȴһԣ
֮أһܱһ깦һ꣬൱ʮ꣬ͲԼٶ굱н˾Ÿ磡
ֻнʥ磬ôܹӵȺ۵ʵ̣Ǹʱǿߣ
췣
һ췣ѣȴǲη壬Զ췣Ҳһӵ㹻ģ
ĿԣıȣΪеСΣĻͲסеĻˡ
ڷ߳ʱȴһɥõжһ֮ܵ΢һӭȻһο
治֮
һ˫˫ӶǿߵĶ̬Ļ֮󣬲ɵĶʧһЩˣȴȻȥ
Ҳ֪˭ڴ½ȵһķƣԺռ˽ĶĲϣκȴûũҩ䣬ǹһ񡭡
Ǵ巢ͨ棬ܹ֮ΪĸŮⶾԸΪ׷ߣ
ɸ˺ܴĺ䶯
Ƶ츳˶Ŀɼ֮壬϶嶼ܻ츳У
һ뵽ҪЧҵĶ֮ҲȻˡ
֮˻ʸ壬ƥҲûʲô֮

ҹһɹġ
߽뷿ʱԿռ츳̤徿˽ûб˷֡
Ȼ֣ǣڷ͵Ĺ֮£ǳ˽ȥ˲ϵ׷Ѱߵ۷塭
һҹδߣƺҪ֮ǰһڽҹһԣҲǸ
һҹ飬ڶɫδ߳ŵʱ򣬷ƱԿռ츳˷䣬Ժϡ
죬ǽ֮صˣ
ȻҲǺΪᣬҪ´漸죬ǣһ뵽֮ӣò
Ͼһвһֱͷϣ
˵ʥӣ


1422 
֮أ
ʱڣλһͬɵģãΪ˸ˣ
Ҳܹ½޾²ĸڣ֮أ֪Ϊ崴˶ٵǿ뾫
˵ǿߣаٷ֮һ˾ʮǽ֮أԭȻΪ֮صԣһܱһ깦ܹ󻡶ȵǰڵʱ䣬ȻƳ󾳽磡
Ͼÿһ˵޵ģѪԽʢǸܹ۷壡

½ǰʮ˻ʸƣ磬ɱ񸮣ֻأ޸ӰѧԱĸɭᣬ壬һʮˣ
һķƣܹ֮һʱ䣬ڶĲӰֻǰ˸£ֻҲӵаʱ䣬ǰʮǾֻһ¶ѡ
ڷƣ磬ֻأһͬϵָһɽ֮󣬱Ǽ˶ѾվȺˡ
츳ٺã֮أҲûܹСʣ
˼һͬڶŸӵɫ
ҪģΪֻأ
ݼ⣬ֻܹɱ񸮣
ϾڴȵУıʵ̫ˣɱǧδҲĨɱ츳Ҳŵı˲µһЩ
ʱȻ˻ʸķߵһѵ˵һЩʲô𣿣
ŷƣɭھǱһû˿¶
ޣΪжʧ󣬾ȻԼܣ
ȻҲף磬ҲԼѾһˣǣȴʣҪһӣܷƣţʥѧڣȻܹԼ⣡ӰҲˣȴҲʶԼĲ㡭
ԾԼѹȷ޿ɷǵǣԼ壬ѵûиΪǿʴˣ
ɣһҪأ
˽вͬ뷨ǣȴֻɭǰȥ
ˣ
ӰҲעһеķ
˭֪ɭĺң߰ԣȻԽܡ
ģ
ͶĵĿ⣬΢΢һЦͶһǰο񣬲ֱȥɭĿԣ޾ɫ
ڤ壬ȻǿᣬǣΪ֮ѷɫ
һὫڽŵ£
ɭֱŷƣĿڣǡ
Ǻǣô
Ʋ෴ģһЦǵȻ
ģڻܹɭ֮ھǶվȴƽˣȫڷƵĿƵС
ߣ
ĵõɭŭڣһ˫һУصĺһתվһԣ
Ҳ嶯ϾȷǶֵĵط
Ȼʥѧɽ͵ļӳ֣ƻǣΧɽ廹ǻѵġ
ʥѧ˵ʲô£ңڤ壬ûйݵ£ֻ»ǻܵһЩͽ䡣
ȻҲƽϣһۣŮֻվһ˵ЦģҲڣΪʮ˵ΪԾһ顣
ʲǷԳһĨʱɽڣһСľݴţһЩǵ˴˳
һ˲䣬˵Ŀⶼ˵ϡ
һ˵ͨҲΪͨǣƺѾнľûа˿ĲΡΡ·Щѣƺһͻߵ
ˣҲûС෴ģȻ𾴡
Ӧþѧеǿ֮һɣ
һĨâ
ѧڣԽǿȥͨˣǾԽ᲻򵥣Ϊѧڵĸ۵Ľ䣬Ŀǣһʲô飬ôǱǱͻһ
˽ǰͻȻģԭ΢Щձֱͦˣһ˫Ŀҫۣ貵գ˲䣬ɨʮˡ
һ˲䣬ָоԼ궼¶˵֮ˣһš
ৣ
˭ҲûзӦʱ˶Ȼֱ֣һץǱס˲ǱסһãһɫҲǵͨ졣
춯õһǲ׾Ƿʲô顣
Σ
Ȼǣȴը죬һʱڡ塯ϱѿһѷ죬Ȼ¶һ
ৡ
ĸɫεĳɽڣд塯ʧûһ˿һټûгֹһ
˴Ų죬ȵĿ£ٴλָ˳̬űһһԼľݡ


1423 ʯ
ŵ䣬Ǹ塯òıʱ˱˽ˣǿǱߣ
ӦòǶʮѣǣӣȴڸˣֻѾ˲ǧˣ
Ҳ˵пܣ壬ҲѾˣˣȴͬӵпռ츳ˣǱʥѧֻ֪£ڣʥѧѾ˲ٵֽˣ
ʥѧֻ·ѡ񣬵һǲμѡΣ
ǣʥѧĸ߲Ը𣬵Ľѡ飬¶Ļͻܴ
෴ģ½ȣȴҪȫֻ࣬ҪܹڸǹȥôͿ˳ǱʥѧڣңܹǱѧĺģ֮أ
ֻǣ塯ȴû뵽֮أȻôһء
֪ô϶Ըѡѡνѧɣ
ЩȴǷƵӦùĵ飬ţ⡮塯֮ѧʲôӴʲôˣ׵ı
ৣ
˼֮ʣһƿ쳹ɽڡ
һӣɫ࣬ȥƽʱһЦˡ
ɽڣǳѾرյľݹľһ֮󣬲תˡ
ղŵһĻǶˣ
ӵĳһ˿˻ƣǺܳʱû˵һ
ǲµûǸˣȷ壬Եףңһ˳ϣѧڣǲ⻹ĴڡԣλΪʥѧԾͷɾ裬пǻΣգ
µ˵ţΪǰ˶δϣڣȻҲԸκˡ
һϯ˲ɵһжһþӡ
ȷʥѧѡνܣǣ⻹ǻ츳ǣȻЩԵҪɱĶ
Ǽܹ϶ǵ֣Ѿ뵽ЩԵױɱĶΧ֮ڡ
ƣ
ɨһ֮ӳе

Ӧһǰȥ
һۣ֣óһöӨ˸˸ֱӵݸ
Ӱ
ֻأ

һʱ䣬Ǹ˾ÿһö壬ֻǣӨĳ̶Ȳһ

仰𣬳Զɽȥ
֮أʥѧĺĲλһ·ϣƵ˶Ǹܵ·ɽŲٵǿǱһǿɨĲ
⿴ûκΣȺɽУʵ֪жٵǿӣû֣ĬĬػ֮أɽУҲ˵֪
һصУһʯܣļľݣʯųҲв˽
һ֮ҲྪĿɨ˹ɨţΪӵĴڣȴҲûǰкͬʱҲµһε½ǰʮѧԱ
ǽȥɣԺֻҪӵ㹻ѧ֣ܹ֮У
ɨ˾һ֮صĵұǣڵ壬治ѧ֣ܹԤ֧һҲ˵ֻҪǽ֮󣬱ͻἤ壬ڼ䣬뿪֮أϣ룬㹻ѧֲУ
֮Ҳûж˵Ǿֱ뿪¾ԭء
߰ɣ
ɨһ۲Ӱɭ֮󣬷Ʊ磬һͬʯȥ
˵ʱڱǴˣλ޾£˪ȴɴ
ߵǰһɹӶֲɣϢӭõķƾһ΢ͣͣ˽ȥ
ںܿտм䣬һʯɵĴӨ˸˸һתţ⻪ˡ
һԵĽ䣬ͷ죬ƺĵʲôȤ飬˲ʱĴЦ޼ɵЩѧԱ
ֻǣϸĻܹ۽ǵⶼǷſڣɨÿһʯˡ
΢ɨһֳۣŷӸ壬ˣһͬ뵽ʯеĴڡ
ৣ
һתǼ˱ʧȥټɭ˽ڣ˲ʧ
εСһǿɶš
һ߿ǵһĨ˵⡣
Ҳ˵ˣ˻ʸõһ˵Сһǰ֮壬ӵпռ츳
£˻ʸˡ
˼֮󣬱ֻص֮ǰ۵ĻϣԼ֮ʱȤ£ʱЦͯ


1424 ɽ
֮أ˸棬ĸڣҲǸҪݻٵĵط֮һ
ʥѧҪƻ֮أǣȴûе֣Ϊ֮ؿλԹȻͨʯǣҲκ˶ܹ˵˵ģ
صһΣмλ峬ܼ٣ԴҪݻʯʯɹ⣬ˣһ㶼ûȥһ֮󣬱ûٴ֮ص뷨ˡ
λʲôʯڣûܹ֪ǣֻǷǴ۾ǿܴݻ٣

͵УûʲôʣĴռ䣬ۣһرǳڷǰ
ⷽռ䲢Ǻܴ󣬴ҲһųǵķΧҫ۵ģڸ߿֮ϵգ
ĲͬȻҲô貶ĿǣȴԶԶҪȵĶ࣬ӵķƣƤЩ죬պĸһ㣬ڣѪҺǶһ
ˣ
ʱеһƣͷ֮ϣһʱڣȲǻȥ
Ȼǿ֮ˣֻҲᱻɣ
ô˵ȣ
Ʋ̧ͷգȴһ
ΪֹâյգȻǴϣڲԶһɽ֮ҡ
ңֲһգҲⷽڹԴ֮أңȵУƸܵһֲͬѰɶһʱڣԺķ쳹ƺܻԾŸϿ
ɽ
˵Ϊƽš
Ŷ
һԺڶŷʵʦǾʲô
Լã֮ⷽ棬ӦþΪֲһյԵʣ
ǾŮʯ
ϴص𣬳˻п
ŮʯĸڣҲˣΪܹӵ֮ôһһܱһ깦
ԭ򣬾ΪŮʯĴڣ
ŮʯλԼıԴܣɫɵǴ߷ܹ֮ϵԴݻһУշo۶ᱻƬ
⵱ȻҲܹ֮ԭ
ǾŮʯ
仰ҲһĨȣеҪ֮ƿԼС
ԾͲʵ
ΪҪ֮Ѫܣڤ֮ںϣܼԦ
ʶģĿԶɭӰ
ˣȻҲڶӣķ΢һ㶼ǻָţ˱Ƕ壬ɽ߶ȥ
ϧˡ
̾һ
ע޷ƿصģҲȼ֮֮أŮʯĹЧõ󣬸ˡ
뵽ֻ²ֹ֮أʥѧȺɽҲܶŮʯıӻ֮£ȻЩڰʱͱɷˣ

ɽ̣ͨɽ֮ȼգǲʥˣֻȥǻᱻն
ңԽߣԽǳ̣һ㣬Ҳܲˣԣ˶ûɽǾɽֱ̾
ȻЧ㣬κ̫Ķ
ԣǼҪģҪøõЧôΨеɽɽϣԽϾԽӽŮʯȻܹõ޷ĺô
ʱƱǼɽϣûм˴ڣңǳڰɽ£û˸ҽӽɽۡ
ɽ֮£ȴԶһң
Щ˵ľ磬ǿƲˣӦöǷʥ磬䣬ͷϵڹǻһʧԭء
Զľ룬ʵҲɽһԽǿЧԽãǣȴҪܸĿȣǿģȻԽǿʲˣֻǸĺԶ
ڷƵɽʱҲǿǰɭӰˣҲŵɽ
ɭӰˣɽаңͣҽӽӻҲͨ죬ֱ϶Գˮݡ
ˣȻӽɽ£ǣҪɽʱ򣬶ʧˣӵʣҲڷʥɽֻɽ¸ѡһʵλãĿ̾ᣬԸ˷ʱ䡣
ǵʾȻǿᡣ
һĨ
ȻͬӵˣֻҲԼ֮ǰ
ɽڣɫɹϴӣѾͬѰֻЩΪ壬޷ˣ


1425 
֮ڣܰЩ뵽˶ǱĿ񣬸شѰͻƣ
ֻЩЩ½ѧԱһͬ뵽ˣЩעǵĶ̬
ڼɭӰȻԷʥ֮˱ܹɽ£ǶǴһĵԹȻ٣
Ȼ½棬˰֮ķƣǣǵʵȴûܹ
ǿʣ˵һС
Ͼǰڣôĥʵģڵ̶ܳԽȻ͸Ϊǿᣬˣ
һ˸ҲõЩ˾ȣֻھɽаʮҵʱ޷ˣƴкһʯȥ
ֻأʮңͣ
ɼֹ֮ʸǲЩ壬Բ˳ɾͣ
Ƹ磬ҵļˣ
ھʮ׵ĵطͨ죬ҲͣͲˡ
ţɣ
Ƶͷο˼֮󣬱ٴɽȥ
ǲǺܳķƣһĨ⣬Ѱһĵط£ȴûб۾Ŀӽɽķơ
ǣһͬˣɽ²ԶɭӰҲ۾ƺҲҪƵܹܲɽ
ɽɽ֮ϣǾͬĸ˶Ϊ췣֮󣬲Žʴĳ˵ĵز⣬ܹɽ
ԣʱɽϵЩӰʵģǴʥϣ
ˡ
ζӨӨ˸˸һˮӨӻŷƣȶʴǣԽµ¶ȣȴҪԼܡ
ԣʲǾԵǿᣬֻ̫붨ûа취
ʱɽ£ҲǸо˫ȼȼһڻɽ֮ϣУʹ̡
϶һɫĹִ֮ʹǼȥ
ѵҪɽ𣿣
ʥһ׶ѣ޿ܣʥƾȥĶûм
ǿᣬֻº˵˵ʥûһѧԱ
Զۣ˵硡
ǷԷʥһ׵ʵɽô֤ʵǿ̶Ȳͨ鱦ˣ

ɽǰƳĺ˿ڣ޺죬ɫâ貣㷭תתһеʴ
˸ǽâɽ壬һĨ
Ҫһʱ䣬ʥ磬ɽ£ȻܴﵽǣܹɽôкܴĻģ
㲻ͻƴʥ磬٣ҲҪʥ۷壡
ڷŵʱ򣬲ԶɭͲӰ۾Ŀֻϡ
飡
ûԥģƱǽҽ̤˸йɽϡ
ʱһɾ˵Ǵӽŵ³ļ⣬ϸһ̼ȼһѪҺṇ̀ҽһķڡ
໺𡭡
һֵĺ쳹Хƺƴ󣬽ɫ⣬ֲ£õֻȥĽЩƺܲסȣԼҲãɽֻҲ޷
ֻǣҪŻʱ򡭡
ˡ
֮ڵӡȴǷԳ貵Ĺâϵ·֣ӣȻǲһǿ
һʱڣִӽ´ȣȻӡɣңʲô֮һâˣȻҪļ
ţ
ȻǷһ״ԭҪĽƣҲһεķȥ̣ɽ籡ҽŽŵ׷Ĺ룬ǣҪŰʱһɸΪǿȴް˹һɱֱɸɾۼ
ӡ
買ӡڶʱһĨϲɫ
ӡ֮õܺƴ󣬲ɹڹ
Ҳû뵽ڴʱӡȻлܹ
ԣһ˫˫ӽ㵵Ŀ£ٴ̧ţҲȥ󣬸ûͣͣһһĳȥ
ôܣ
ĻԶЩӶҪɳЩ½ѧԱɭӰڶ¶˼ɫ
ôҲû뵽ǰӻ͵ķƣڣȻ׵ĵӡֻдʥɽ


1426 
ˡ
ɽۣ貵ŮʯңһΣϯռ䣬˿˿ķǴỊ̄˵
ǣ˴Щô֮⣬Ҫģױȵȣֻǽͨ鱦ɽ֮ϣҲܻڻο˵壿
ԣܹɽģֻдʥ
ʥˣǿᳬˣܹɽҲԲܰ
ǣڷʥһ׵ķƣȴǵȥһֱǰƬ̣֮࣬õ˶ɵĵ
Ϊ˽ģ磬ֻˣҲĿɿڴĿţһʱǻز
Էʥһ׵ľɽʷҲûмܹɣ
ңݴЩܹڷʥ̤ɽˣÿһǳΪ۷ǿһĴڣ
ǣҲǷʥϣӵ汦ܹ
ѵӵ
Щ˲ɣ϶
Ͼ֮أʲôܹܹڻͨ鱦

̤ɽ֮󣬴ڵӡеĸΪڿˣԼ䣬Ӱ𣬲ϵĻƣǿ
ǣ˼֮󣬾ӵӡһɹȣܹӰ쵽ƣǸеŲĹƺȼ
ȥˡ
Ʊͣ
˫ϴĴʹܹǰߣǣҪĵȴҲǲܵģ
ԣϣֱӱͣ£²˼һϱȥ
Ͼڵ˵ܹɽѾܲˣûбҪȥ׷̫࣡
ɫӡ⣬һƽ⣬Ӱ첻Ƶ
ܹ֣⾿ô£ôǿ᣿ܱͨ鱦
˾̾˴кǱĿʼķƣҲѹе𺳣Ѱطʼ
ܿ͹ȥˣϾǿɲ֮˷ʱ䣬˷Լѧ֣һû쳣ķƣɭһĨ⣬Ҫվǣ˼뵽ȶȣȴǷе뷨
ѵǡ
Ӱ뵽ĳֿԣǣڷ׼֮Ҳãˡ
֮壬Բ׼ʣ
Ϊʵǣڱ˴˸Ϊ˽⣬ֻǣΪϳ˸ìܣõ޷ȷѡ
ΣһὫڽŵףԶܳң
ɭһĨĹâ۾ʼ
棬ܿǳȥֻɽ۵Ůʯ΢΢ζ
ϵѣƱ֪ԼӦʲô
Եġƿ̶֮ܳȺйϵǣڵȴûйʱ仨ˣ
ȻԵĴ츳ǴɽϣҲҪµʱУʱʥļʱǻ󻡶ȵĽͣ
ڷϵ£ȴֻ֪ҪԼľȥˣġֻҪ뵽ӡȥǱǿˣҪһһ
֮ĺô
ܿģƱջȥע˽ȥȫȫĸѰԼɶ
ŮʯӵеĹʵǵŮ洹ӵеġԣʱŮʯӳɶǰӵеһеĴ
ˡ
ڣ˻ζ죬Ҳɽ籡Ψһ⡣
ģڷƵ˼УǾֻʣһĴڡ
Ůʯζһۿɼɶɽ۲ϯ£ƴϴӴⷽռڵÿһˣϣÿһʱͻƣϼ죬ǣǱ˵¶ӰķΧǺܴ󣬲Ӱ쵽ˡ
ܿģɽϵķƣɶҵԼһƣʱץסǸǳ˽ȥ
ʱĺܿ죬е˵ʱŵĸΪ١
һʱ磬Ǳǿдͳ֮أ뿪ʱ򣬷ɽϷƵλƺƶ˲٣ңǾȵǣɭӰ˾ȻҲɽȻԵǣȴһ󲽣ҲԼãӵеĵ̿£ֻзһǿ⣡
һʱڣɽڣȴǷһЩشת䣬һЩȻϵļ
һУƺһֻڰĴڲٿţ


1427 ĿǷ
ɽ磬֮һֿģ˵ںɽʵʵǵ֮İףҲΪ˻ʸǿԮ
ңҩʦᣬ뵽ɽ֮󣬱Էٵڷչš
ҾͲ˵ˣӵдԴķңÿ궼һλʥ˳Ҳ𽥵ȽŲˣ٣ҲǸʵټϷƵ¼õûĸ᲻۵ȥң
ҩʦᣬʮ۹İ£Ѿǽͳȫ渲ˣСģĳнνҲٹˣΪɽһᡣ
ңΪҩʦľٶǿͶ׷׼ҩʦᣬԸҩʦǵİΣõҩʦɱ׳
ʮ۹ûжǣ֪½ʥҽʥأǿ֮µԲ飡
ңԷ¶츳ǸȫҪǣ
ɽ磬Ҳֻ˼ҵĵһվѣڴùϵԺ˵ܹ벻ĺô
磬һͬʥϵĵһ
ڷƽʥѧ֮󣬷ҸǷչѸ٣ʵֺãǣǰȴһɰӿܶʶЩԹȻڰơ
һЩ˵ľǣҪȥ̽ڰжʮ۹ܵ˳ɳĸԵ޹ʵı伣ٹ
Ƕ̶̼µʱ䣬ɽͷһƣҳҲɳҪȴҲܵĪǿɱ̽뾫Ӣǿ߶ȥ޻ء
Ҳȵǣ˼֮һһλϣȻҲȥ޻أ
ʱɽ綼ˣֱ̻̲ܶͶ뵽Ī֪˵Уһʱڣֶûеˣѩһ׳Ҫ֣
ҶЩȻﶯֵģֻˣһ֪һ֣Ǿӵоѹǵʵ
ģˣضںߣ
ܹվָ߶ȵģȻҲ˽Ķ࣬ںɽ磬ǵȷǳǣǷڰ½ѣ嵱УҲһǣЩĴȴǲֵһᡣ
Ͼ壬˻ʸǳ˻ʸǲ٣ֻ˻ʸôЩȻȥأ
ԣûŪԷǶѡԹۡ
Ī˵ĴٶǴĿԣ̫ˣȻʰ
δ֪ƺҲ֪㣬ԣۻһ̶ȵʱ򣬱ֹͣ׳󣬶ңǱȥ
õ˱ǻɣǲЩҳҪһλˣ
ڵ˼ңǶǴҷչģ̶ȵģٳһңҲʲô¡
ԣĪֹͣչ֮󣬶ңǻĳȥ
Լǳʱ䣬֪ж
Ŀ꣬ȻǷң
λǰһʱͷʢҪõʹߣ糾ȻҲЦӭǣȴ¶һĨǡ
ʱλʹңǾԲʲô£㳬Ҫãڻڷչ׶εķȻҲǵﲻ𣬸֮ܽ⣬Ȼܽ
ʹ߽ҷңν£
֮󣬷糾ҲǺΪš
ϣԣȻ㽫ˡ
ʹһԴǹЦĶŷ糾ֵϲϲʵר̸Ƿҵϲˡ
ϲ
糾һĨɻ󣬲ȴ뵽˴ʥѧڵķƣ׷ʣʹߣϲӺ
ΣǷ֮صǷҼġ
ʹǴһĨŨŨ΢Цŷ糾㵵ɫһ˫ڣȴǴһĨЦ
ʹǿЦˣҷҺεºܣʵǲҸʡ
糾΢ǹ˵ţ˸Щƽ
Ȼ˵ںɽҲľͷǣǶǿƲŵģûʲôʵϣһܽҸõĳҪ˱ˣȻԼҼ룬ֻ²ǿϷңǿĳһ˶ѣ
ƣȲ˵츳ΣƿԴԴֳЭһ˵ۺĴڣ
ǿˣǷҾԵ𣬶˵ˣҼˣҲǷңԺɾǵĸˡ
Ц΢΢Ȼ飬ǣ糾ȴ⻰һ⡣


1428 в
ôܲ⣿
糾þòʹɫһҲǱ⣬Ҳǳ֮⡣
⡭
ּǿȵ糾ŸоһƤȴǲ֪ô˵źá
ȷڵķ˵ȷ֮õ飡
Ȼڷӵ㹻ҲӵһλʥѧӵܣǣҪķչҪǧĳ
ǣϻеڱĺ𣿣
޿ܣ
ʱǷ糾ӦˣǺʵģǽ嶼ȥ󱻳Եͷʣ£ǲӦֵͬڲӣӶǵ
δ֪ˣʵǿأǶ̶̵ļʱ䣬ͳ˺ɽеһ˱ᣬǵôȴҵģһ;
ԣǸѵѡ񣬲ѡĸǲࡣ
Խţ糾ɫǸΪ԰ˣϣ亹
ЩȻͷʢǣҴһֱܵ͵δκ˭뵽콵δ֪ˣȻ˼ɳҪ̲ң
Ҫ֪ƿ˷ңɾǵͬƿԴԴķֳȨ
Ȼ󳬷ģǣȴû˭ȥôȻԻ⵽Ĵ
ԣҲһֱҵõõķչ
ڣ糾ȴǸо֮Σ
һ뵽ģԼĶӣƣ
ǣ˲䣬Ƿˣ
Բ۷ƣ
Ȼ츳ȡѡδȵĵһǣڸûгɳķʲôأѵܹԿȻﲻɣ
ǳĳǷҼ룬ѵǷҲ𣿻ã̫СݲǷң
ʹߵĻӵɭȻˣв֮⡣
²ûС˵˼
糾ΨпЦһĨ⡣
ʱΨˣ
ֻȥȵЩõϢҲܵþȣ
ţЩԲܶԴӲ
ʲô˼
ķûʹߵɫת෴ģԽԽˣֱλߵ̬Դ糾гġ
һ˿Թޣ
λʹߣҲ֪ʵֻǷҵĴѣ˴£ʵ
糾ҡͷƽƽ˵š
Ҳʵɽ˶ֻ֪ΪǷƵףԣȴҪ߹ļ졣
ð죬ֻҪˣȻὫλʱɾ˵ĸҲҪβС
ʹȻô˵ţǣȴЩȥΪ̶˻о
⡭
⻰糾üͷɵһǣĨվȻҲ޷ѹ˵ĺˣڱȥټԪϣһͬ£
Ͷ
仰ʹɫ΢ϷʵĿ⿴ŷ糾˵ЩͲҪˣ˴ǰ뽫ȥڷβˣͲҪˡ
˵䣬һĪѹӶɨȫĲڰеλʥǿ߶ɨ˳ȥѪڵϣˣȻĿǲš
Ҫ˼ǣߣ
ٴζֵʱ򣬷糾վǰ
ģãε¼ƺԼǰ򵥣п϶Լ֪һЩڣ
Īǰ̲˼ʮӵоǿõĳҲ
ǣȴûκȥʲô棬ȴԼţⲻ˵˵Ŀ꣬Լ𣿣
ԴԴķֳȨȻˣǣԲҪԭҲҵɽ
ôΨһĿԣĿģľֻǷңңпܣǷģ
ðɣǸġ
ʹһĻȣջƣתʥǿߵʱ򣬸¶һĨаȵЦ⣬ȥ֪ͨˣǵļ糾ҴˣҲ׼˰ɣ
㡭
λʥǿ߶ŭѪӿ䣬ȴֲɵͿȳѪɫҰף亹죬ûȥʲô
һȺ϶ѣ
ʹߵĺһһķ糾ڣһ˫˫Ŀ£ӳ˷ңʡ
󣬷Ҵңչе̫ϳϣڶǱ˳һͬԲߡ


1429 
һܹⳬвǷڳˣҲΪľǣ֪ͨ󳬷ε顣
ڣҲֻгܹԸصˣ
Ȼ֪˷ҵϢ֮ǶЩˣһ֮ͬ󣬱Ƕɳʹߣһͬǰ˵פء
һΣ֮ģ˵ӭʹȴǿͿıʾԼԴԴûж֮ģҲıڵЭ飬ֻǵҪҼ˶ѣңŵ˸֮λ糾
ʹȻţǣʱȴҲκβǣֻ¾棬һЭ飬ضȺ֮
λģһŵǧ˵䣬Ͳ䣬ЭаģλԿȺַ
ʹЦգҲƺǾ˸󳬷ֶԸһ
ƺҲ뵽Щ룬ŵ֮󣬲ûзѣֻʹߣ칬ʹߣɫŸӵ
ԨԴң˷Ҳٵĺô£ʵ˵ľٶҪ̲ң
˵Ƿ糾Ϊ˭֪ڷ糾ֻһЮֵ˶ѣʲôرȨ
ǣԺȴҪص˿֮ˣ
Ҫ糾
ռʹ߻ƽ˵ţĿʹߵϡ
ǺǣȻԵġ
ʹߵһЦϲû˿ɫ
ôȥ븱ɣ
˺˵ռʹҲһЩŪǾˣʲôˡ

仰ʹߵüͷȴһԵЩΪˡ
ôѵҪڲɣ
칬ʹһɫҲЩ
ԺضҪ칬ĴڣڣѾҵķƳףҲǷҵˣҪ̲ңҲҪƿ칬˼
Ҳ޷̵ģ
λʹ߿ҵ˼ˡ
ʹһϺ˵ģ˵踱¶һСƿʱڱչСչǰԸκ˲ȥԼأ
Ҳ˵һ϶ѣôܲأԣҲλҪΪࡣ
ʹ߹֣Ρ
գ޹糾˿ѺκҲ칬ǱˣҲûҵټ
Щùģأÿ춼ϴ粽ߣֻǻʲô⡣
ˣҲս㲣˶һȦ
ƶƶô
Щ絶ֻǣȴҪǿǿοء
Ƹ磬ɡ
ڿ
ҩѾȡߵĳɾͣʥҽʥصλ˶̾磬ʤǣʵȴɻһ㣬ѵõ볣ȣ츳Ӧ˵ƽӹеƽӹƺһ
õΣҪҲ㡣

Ȼƴʸûа
Ҫ֪칬ҲûаնԸصˣ
ΪڣƺֻЩ̲ĺɽڣ˵ˣȴ󣬴δֹ
ԣǽЩҲ𲻵κεЧǿѸٵھһ
һʱȥˣ˲ûκεľٶҼǰȥûм糾һԱչΪɾܼ
õķ˶һӰ
糾ɲܳ°
¹ȥˣ˴µ͵Ѱǵֶһ𳬷Դ粨Ҳ𽥵ĳȥ
ֻǣȴٴ˱ȣ
Ϊɳ˼ʮʥǿߣ˷ˣ˵Ƿ˷糾ַ֮ң
õķɫ
һΣǲûе֣Ϊռң칬פطңսȻûбǣЩǿ֮칬ĪǿߵĴڴӪڣľӢӵϣ
ңλǿ칬հսȴǻռϷ磬ӶȫˣǾ캧ˣ
λܹⳬƶ˵ǿߣȻǲ֪ǿߣǣֻҪͷԵ˶֪˵ǿߣε¼Ҳֻһξѣ
ƶˣҲʹǶɹ췣ˣʥĴڣȻӵˣʵ൱Ŀ£ң˾ȻǴǵĵλ˵Ӧûߵģ
ֱǸڳ˾ӣ
ȻǶԻ͹ǣ޾ǣѾǰˡ


1430 ʧ
˵Ĵ칬Ҳ澡ʧ
ţھǣ£
ȻǺΪŭǣҲԵģ˼Ҹǲ֣
϶Ǻɽ
жˣ
λãԼĹż棬ֲϸļأ
ɽЩصңиһ
ͬʱҵģûУ
ǣ½棬Щܹ˻ʸ
뵽ľǲ֪Ҫʲôѵ˵Ĵ󶯸ɸֻ꣬Ϊ˷Ҷ𣿣
Ȼӵкܴƣңӵзôһλŵӵܣǣ˻ʸȵõŻôľԸ
ΣǶѾڱ״̬ˣΪ糾УҲܲ˼糾İΣ
ڣ˵ıȣȴѾû·ˣռ칬Ľ£ʱ˻½
Ǹطʱʱ̶̿ڶŵģ˵Ҫ׷ȥ½ǻݾߣʥѧע⣡
ʱ˻ʸ϶룡
ȷҸ߲֮Ҳֻѡˡ
Ͼ㽫ȥҲԻط糾෴ģǸ˵óˣңҲˣ
һֲǣҲ˻ʸķƽˣԣǱ̲ôҵӵܣԻᱻڰһһɱɾ

һĴڡ
ڸߵһӰڴڣżʮվǴͷֱǵӰڴм䣬һ˹ɫдŻ֣̿ЩɪƺһЩʲô
ģȻ½
ŭڶֿտĴ쳹г˲
ȻˣҲ֪½һʲôĵطʲôҲǳԲŻвŭ¶
ǣСǰȥʱ򣬷ҵפأѾǿһˡ
˴ŲشţͷڱĵذˣƺԸߵϵ˼Ϊη塣
ģ
ߵϵӰαһģʱһվЩϣֳһŲϵӡ
Ƿڣܹϳ
ˣȻ½֮ʱ϶ӵܵǸ϶Ļ
ɽĿĺܼ򵥣ҪƷļ壬Ӷƣжɱ
Ĺ㵱УӦһǳװ쵽飬ǣǹƴˣԣγڵ־桭
ңûԣ룬ƶǺɽһͼӵܣ
㣬ûйƴ
Ǵǣȴû뵽ƾȻôֱͣǽɽеĳͬһսϣ
ر𣬾Ȼ칬ŸεĹϵ
ԣǽʧ֡
⻹ûʲôΪջǣҾȻ½
ϻбù𣿣
Ȼ˵ûн½ǽ֮Ʊػᱻ֣
Ըģ
Ϊ˻ʸټƱػӻƣʱҲ޷γжˣ
Ǿ˵ļƻȫˣ
õ޼ȴû뵽ԼȻһССķҶûκεˡ
칬
ڷԳŭ
פطңƿصˣʱ򣬾Ϳ׵
ڣǲλ϶ĳǰȥ治Ҫ£ǣȴ˻½ˡ
һ
βŭ
ߣҲǺùģ
뵽Լͷ˵Ҳһ񺮡
ȻΪǣУҲһֻ϶ѣǶ첻סѾԤƵԼ³
ʲô飿
ɨһվԵˣ³
⼸ʮˣȻǺɽЩͷף
žû˻شƺ˵ᱻ
ҿŸǣǲܽƿأôҲûбҪˣ
ӵɭɱ⣬õĳһǹڵأĿ¶֣̿亹졣
ǰ첻飬ҲںɱһЩˣ
ң˵̫ˣǣСķ֮ôƻԹԵĴʥѧڳ
϶ᣬһӾ裬ӵ㹻ʵŻ
ҲʲôʽҿƷң
仰ʧ٣عˣ̱ڵأȫǿЦ
Ҽսӵ½ٴιأֽ֣ռ칬ȴһЩϢȥʥѧ


1431 ʥ۷
ˡ
հ貵Ůʯң΢΢Ļζ䣬һۿɼɶΣϯ˷
ʱѾǷƽ뵽֮ڵĵʮһˣ
λãǱ֮ǰƶȥ࣡
ΪÿһεͻƣߣڣӽɽˣѾǰ֮ңΧļˣǶʵ֮ôһСԼԣҲͶȥĿ⡣
ʥŽף
ǷƴʱľΪ
Ŷ󣿾Ȼͷʥ۷ˣ
⼸ǿ߾ȣ¶ȵɫ貵ĿڷɨӣƺҪһС
ֻǶʮѡ
ˣ׵˵
һʮСƨȻѾֵزЩǧԿ
ͨ׼Զѣ츳ô˵㣿ңǷʥôܵٴ˵أ
벻ף޷⣬мǣʵȴͰǰɲǲš
׼֮壬Ӧ˻ʸѧԱ˻ʸǵһ˵Ű
ǴɽϵļλǿߣЩһʥѧѧԱÿһνλãÿһζǴǲ˼𾪡
ԣʱҲʹˣ½ȵһ˻ʸķƣѾʥ۷ˣ
̶̲һʱ䣬λ֮壬Ȼ˵ǰӷʥһ׳ȥ˷ʥ۷壡
˶޷飬ǣȴǱ֮ˣ
ⲻɵõ˹һЩ֮Ĵš
ϣɸӦأôǣ֮壬츳볣ˣһϣΪϣɿǳܹ⡣
һЩ伮ҲǼˣ֮;УǻԶˣд̶̼ʮڱͽʥĴڣ
Ȼ鴫Ϊ֮Ҫʥףʵ̫ˣʾҪ췣ĴӶõİ֮޷ԽһԨ˿̤ϵ;
ԣȻĽۺ죬ǣһ뵽췣ɵĶһȥ츳
ڳ˵Ƕɹ췣ǿɾǴʥĴˣǣ֮壬ȴǸոտʼѣ
ǰ֮壬Ҳбף
ɭӰõƽʥ۷Ϣ֮࣬ͬʱҲǸܵһѹ
Ϊõ壬ڣȴǱ˸ǰ棬ڽŵ£õܹܣ
رǰ˵ҪƲڽŵµɭǸꡣ
Ҫ֪ڵǷʥ߽׶ѣһȣȻ֮Ĵڣ
õ־ŭ
ǵȵƽʥ磬ô츳ӵʣҲ֣
һ֮ͬѹƣõŭ糱
ڴƽʥŽ׵죬ʧھĸ˵·˾Ľ磬ȥһܵؿޣȻȴҲûܹ֪
⣬ӰҲˣҲǱչĳʥ硣
Ȼݵ伣ˣǣⲢǴˣ෴ģڸӷĳ۷壬´γ֣Իʯ쾪
ʱ֮䣬Իһʢս
ܶڴţȲ
˶ǲ²⣬ƾʲôʱͻƴʥ
ʥŽףȻ࣬ǣҲ£ʮʱӷʥһ׽Ž׵ӣʥѧھв٣ǣӷʥŽҪʥ磬Ҫʱ䣬Ǵһ׽Ž׵ʮ֮࣡
Ȼû˻ɷƻɲ췣߻ΣգֻǣڵҲûΪ̶̵ܹļʱڽʥ磡
Ͼǰ֮壬ҪץסǸȴҲҪʱĳ
ǣǶһ⣬ǹżϼصЩ֮壬˭ܹڶ̶̵ļڴһ׽Ž׵ģ
ߣƿɲֻǰ֮ѣ
ϢڴǣƺȴǱʥѧΧûбȥңѹ£糱ܿͳ
ⲢûŮл׶٣෴ģǼǳ徢ʮ㣬¹ظ۽УҪһϸ£˭ȳϴʥ磡
û˻ᳰЦǣΪǾ߱˳ʥʸ
ЩǶͬͬһͬһͬÿ˵ĽǺܿ죬磬л׶ҲǴﵽ۷ĵزʱͻ߽ף¹صˣǳ׵ľϡ
͵ģȴҲǷʥĽ׵ĵز
ѾܾˣϾʥףҲֻʱѣ˷ʥĽף츳ҲԶˣֻǣЩ츳ȴǲࡣ


1432 ʮһµĸı
̶̵ʮһ£ƺѾ췭ظڷһˣʥѧҲǶĸˣ
رǷƣɾ͸ˣֱǳ˷ʥŽף൱ÿһ¶ͻƣ
ûΪ̫вӰ죡
Ϊʵǿ̶ȣδţȻԷʥĳ̶ȵɽ֮Զ
ʵ̫ˣ˸벻ףͨ鱦ʾδɵģ
ƿʵµı׶ˣǾǾ㹻ȴϣ
ȴǡ෴ѾԶԶУԣκε⣡
ҲҲ֮ص
УʵҲܹõһЩ

ʮһµУƵջģѾǵǸ׸Сˣʮһ£ѾС׳һͷͻ˶ɣ
ʥŽףѾһǰˣԣ˵Ӧʮھͽʥ۷ˣ
һڣһֱѰͻƴʥǸֻǣȴɺģ
볣˲һһˣǽʥ磬Ҳټȥ
ΪʥɾʹţҪؼΪµ¡췣
ûⷽĹǣ
Ѿ췣ܹƾԼɹһ췣ˣϣΪԣȫҪǣֻҪȥҲȻϣԣܹһĳ磬ҪκεĹ˼
ʱɽ׸߶ȵһʯϣ˫գƳģһִϴӶɽϵŮʯһ㼸ۿɼӦΪһ塣
ˡ
ڣӨ貵ĵ˻ζתг˱Ϣõⷽռĩһ쳹ɱ֮
ʵһͬ㣬Ǿǻǳǿᣬұ壬ӣõ̸ΪŨ
ڣҲѾΪıˣ
мĵӡϣ·֣õöӡȥΪ£ƺ棬¼ľĳһԴһ
˵ĵƲһ֮ڣȴǻһɫ·֡
ʱ·֣ӨӨ֮⣬Ǻһҫۣһ֮Ӷ쳹⣬еĳɶ
ڱ棬·ǳƺûжı任ΪӡĹϡҲ·ţһɱͼԷ٣붯ĩա
ڣɫȣ嫺ÿһ鼡⣬ÿһӨʢͨ鱦ĴڣһǿҪըӾÿһ鼡䶯Ƕǲװ죬ƼΪƴˡ
ԪУɫ췣âʢ׺һ˿˿绡ƣߣұ壬ǷųǾҪݻأŨ˿һ۶ľĩٵĴ̻̲ð
ҲΪ̵ĴڣڷΧû˴ڣΪУҲܵӰԣֻѡԶ롣
ˡ
ڵڣ貵ӡһһĴڣ·Өְ֣硣
ϣһӰ֣̾ᣬ쳤Х졣
Ѿǵԭεķˣ֮ǰĹâѾǴ۷壬ٽһǾʥˣ
ӣӡһڶһĴڣһܹӾռ
ʱӡ֮̾ſĴУǱױȵ֮һɼΪ˵ⱻȡΪӡɣ֪
ԵģӡʮһµɣҲǵõ˴󻡶ȵٴν˵ǳ۷ĳ̶ȣֻǣȴǳٳٲܳ忪һƺĳ̶ȻﲻҪ
ǣȻֻͬڵʥȭױϢƺʢĻѹһͷ
ڵİͷ޶Ҫãһǣ֮档
ûеõģֻһöµ飡
ڣеתתţûʲôĵطҲûжƣ൱ͨļ̶֮ȶѡ
˵ʮһ֮ڣ̥ǣκη涼ǵõ˳Ǵȥ¶ᱻ
ֻǣһʥ翣ץһ˿˿ͷ޷ͻƣǸߵľ磡
죬֮ڳһżɫӰֱɽȥ̤ɽǼѣͣ
Ƹ磬ˣ


1433 
뵽֮صģȻ磡
õռҵ˵Ĵţһ˿Ҳûͣͣͣظϵ֪֮ͨˡ
ֻǣʱȴǴУ֮䣬ĺȴ޷ѷƣңҪȴһһε˻ȥ㣬ѾܴأǣʱƺûиӦһģϵĺš

һڷ쳹ֱӱж̵ӣõȵĳл˹
ôģȻֻзϣ
Ƹ磬Ѱ
ڷҪԭʱһǱݵĶУʱһ۾ǿɽŴżˮ磬ʱһӿһɲõԤС
ûκԥģվ첽ɽȥ
ôˣ
Ϊʱû˵ƵЩ˻ƣǳûˮˡ
Ƹ磡
ھɳĮҵһ˷ƻУˮʪǰ
ûûˣأɵϡ
ӵ˫ѪЬӣʱüͷһƳвʻ֣ҩڣԭˣܿǸԭˡ
Ƹ磬ңˡ
ҩԣõҲһͣ˿̧ͷĵ
ʲô
糾ץߣ˼𶥵ĵزõķ׻һɫ࣬ڳˣ
¡¡
رը쳹һͷѵԶһµļⶼһѪһ̾ΰϡ
ͷϣڵͫзһ۵Ѫ˿̣ǱͨһƬѪһ˱Ϣ˿һ۶š
ǰ׵壬ʱɷһƬһ˫Ҳ˾ɫ
˫ڣûаУֻл
һΣڤĹ統У

ĺţŬѹеŭģŴƽ
Բ
ܵŵ磬һĨھΡ
û£Ƹ硣
粢ûй෴ģˮڣǵǵɫ
ĵ糾ץߣԷƵĳж󣬶ܹƽĶԴԼ˵ԼеĵλҲǳȻġ
߰ɣȳȥ
ʢŭ󣬷Ʒƽ
Ȼֻ˵䣬ǣŵһɲͬѰζ
ҲǱϿȥô򵥣оһµʱ䣬ֱӷˣѡ֮߳߳ͷˣ´Ҫ룬ǱʹѧֲС
صԺӣƱǷ˶ڣֻǣֻѩ࣬ȴǷɱ񸮡
Ƹ磡
˹Щ죬ǵĿ
Զ߱СҲǵǵĿ
û¡
ǿһЦͶ԰οĿ⣬ǳȥҶǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬СʵСζʱû
У
СŮ߻ѣУıţС˵ţζÿ춼ûζ
ȻľСζˡ
ԶͷСŮĶͷǵĥţСŮֱ֣ʲôҲûзһ
л׶˾һԣδֻǣһĻȴЩд
߶ȴζȥں𣿡
ãƲǽСŮſĶ˵š
š
߱СΣЦӯӯСŮϷķƣһĨۣҪСģ
ģ
΢΢˵ͷĿĸŮȥŹϺϵЦֱ˫Ҳ磬ˡ
Ƿʲô飿
ͳ³Щˡ
ġ
л׶Щյվľԭԭ˵һ飬ûб
ȻƽãǣֽõĹϵȴл㾡ȫȥҶԸضǿĵˡ
ԣֻռ칬г֡
칬
ƵⶸȻһвЩȡ
ڷԺ;У˼ֿܣУǹڳġ
˵ΪĴڣӦò̲ƲŶԣǣͻȻֵʵЩɽİ֮ϣ
ƣǾΪ֤ʵӵĨȥҵʵ
Դʱ칬ǲˡ
ڷ·ȻǻĺɽǾ·ˣ


1434 ϶
ڣ˶ݵĳţվ˸˼һֿԡ
˲ɽҪ̲ңѵֻΪԴԴķֳɣ
ǰΪԼƿصľԴԴˣʵǣҲֻһѣǺɽһ
ԴĲÿһ嶼ֲڸΪгбӻҲᷢʲôԵѣ
ɽһȴΪʵųֻѡһԴ
ܹѹɽڰôԴ磬ӦҲܹӵжһǣ
Ҳ˵ӵһԴƿȨҪɽһЩ档
ԣһ˼֮󣬷ȫųֿԣ
ôһʲôط˵ȻµĶԸأ
Լ
һͫ΢΢
֣ǵۣǾãӦǳġ
ѩĮһĨâڵ˵š
Ƿʥ׶ѣʱȻǱȷĸ磡
ֲעˣ޷Ϊ۵Ķ֣
׷ߣ⻹֪˭׷˭ء
˻һ˸ǵǵĿŷơ
Ȼƽٶȳ˵󣬵ǣԷڵʵȥƴѻʯ
ţ
΢΢˿˵ͷѩĮʵѩ֣ܷ
Ѿˡ
ѩĮֱһһٵ˵֣һ԰½ңϷ
Ϸ
üͷһһԵл׶
԰½ֲ̫˽⡣
ϷһԣΪ϶
л׶ǴһĨЦΪ
ڰ½ϵĵϣ϶϶棬̶ֳȵǿǿ󣬼ʥѧһԾһƿǧ˿ڣ
϶
֣𾪣Ȼбǳһŭ
϶޹ϸֻ½ϷһЩͻѣû뵽϶Ȼ伫ʹĵİ취ԸԼﻹһ˿ҵķ緶
϶Ϊľ֮һʵ̸˻ʸ֮ϣû뵽϶Ȼ˵ҪԼ֮죡
ԭ⻹Ϊ϶Ҫʥѧɣ
ǰҲΪһԼֵĻôпܣ϶Ǹһ滻˻ʸĵλ
ǣ˽⵽ŮʯĴ֮û˿ĵˣ
ֻҪŮʯڣ˻ʸĵλȵռʥѧһϯλá
Ҳѹ֣ȻӺɽڰ϶˻ʸԲοֻ˻ʸĺ󱸻غɽأ
϶
˸磬Ϊˡ
ָҶԼֵѾɱģͬΪҲὫ֮Ĩ
֣ô죿
л׶Щѵ촽ǳʵ
ǱʥԲ⣡ǣǰܹȥ
˵˼ҲȷҪ÷̣
ֻгɳˣƲʸ϶а壡
İɣ֪ô
Ƴĺ˿һĨ⡣
Ȼȥ϶ɱҲţûжɱԼ֮ǰԼĸҲͲΣգ
෴ģһԼɱ糾öҲʧȥе壬ǸʱǲŻԷ糾֣
ԣܳ嶯嶯ֹǻԼ෴ģԼĸףԼļ壬ȫͳͳȥ
Ҫȥҵʦæ
һԵ¹һת顣
ζƳͷһǣľôһλʦʵ̫ţˣ϶Ļܹѹƣȳ糾ӦҲʲô⡣
԰԰Ƹ磬ҿʦȻ棬ʵĳģϴβȥ
߹ŷƵֱۣѿ˵ţ󣬿ڵһ޵񣬲Ǳ˻ȥ
⵱Ȼл׶ˣǣѩĮڳɻǵǻʲô
ԼǸʱȥ磬պһһŮֻҪɵӣɡ
Ͼ˽ɽʮһӣ¼ûж֪ˣر¹ͣ΢©Լ壬һֻҵľС
ڴ˶лλ
ƺ˿Ƕл׶˹˹֣һᴦģλҪΪҵǡ
һл׶˱Ǵӿ˳
ҲΣ϶Ȼǣܹ˵ġ
ûãҲӿ˳ֱĵԺȥ


1435 ŭ
϶ҪԼ֣ѾûбҪʲôˣǲ˻ʸƾ˵ʵûȻԿʸ
ʲô϶ȷ𣿣
ڷƽ˵֮üͷʱһ֡
ѩĮġңӺɽͷģʵҲɣ
ɫƽˡ
ѩĮ֮壿
һĨ⣬ʱüͷĸˡ
֮壬ؼ䶼ûж٣ңֻС
ƣҲӵʵʦǱȥĽѡ
ԣһǳѩĮ֮ڣǾʹ˾ŲʮԾ϶ˣ
Ȼŭڵǡ
ʵģ϶Ҫɱƣ
΢˼һӵϺ֮Ƶģǽ϶˾ٵĿģµĲˡ
ЩңǷǺɽôھѾϢı϶ƿסˣֻҪճƣܹ׵Ľƶɱ
ŭˣ
ǣȴûб¶ϣ෴ģҲƽĺܣֻǣ˫ȴɭ
Ѿ֪˷Ƶݣһ֮ң˽⣬λ֮ڲͬӵа֮壬ڶ̶̵ʮڴӷʥһ׳˷ʥ۷ĵز
֮صϢʱǶôĲ
֮صĵڶ죬̽ӱѾͻ˷ʥס
ºͻƷʥס
һ죬ͻƷʥĽס

˸ʮ죬ͻƷʥ˽ס
Ÿʮ죬ͻƷʥŽס
ٶȣõĿɿڴ
ϸһ֮ȴҲֽܹĽٶȡ
ԭƳ֮壬ӵаϣҪǣɽɫɹϴʮһӣ
һ漣ĵ
⣿
˵Ȼ
ԣĿУƾҪ˻ʸ۷ˣ
ڣ֪϶ȻҪɱƣʣܹŭ
ֻǣѾ˳嶯ȻҲ࡭
Ϊ˻ʸԺ֮һԪϣڸ˽⣬ȴҲ֪
Щ˻ʸһֱ·϶ǧڣȴǷչļΪѸ٣˻ʸȷǱȲ϶
ǲʵ
ԣŭ˻ʸȥѹ϶ûκεã෴ģֱ֮ս
ô˻ʸпį϶нַ˻ʸ
ңΪҪǣôһ֣ƵƱؾͲˣ
ܹ˻ʸ㾡ȫˣǾֻ֮
ʱҪԵĵˣͿɲֻ϶ôˣв壡

˼ãû뵽κεӦԷ
ѵɣ÷ƷԼĸײɣ
½ȵĳϣǿӲ̬Զ񸮣Ѿ˵һˣ
ҵﶾ񸮣Ǿ;ԲΪ϶ƴ
ԼȰƷֻ»𵽷Ч
Ҵȥ󻤷
վŷ˵
ѾƿطΧˣսҲ˵˾Ϳģ
ţ
ƽûΪҪȥ˻ʸ֮һĴ
֮˻ʸƿߣȻʱʵ΢ǣϣȴǲκˣ

˻ʸȺɽе۷֮һһɽ֮ϣڣһδ䣬ԶԶģһĵӶõ˲ɵıη塣
ǵ֮ԴĴ
ԶԶģƵɵıЩ
ÿһ֮Ƕǻڵ֮Ĺ⻷֮£˵Խ֮ĳɾͣƿ֮壬ûһ
ܹ֮ںԵԣô֮ͻ統ǵķֻӹŶѣϲ̨棡
۾ǲɴƵ𣿡
һ㴣ɽ۵ĹڣһĨ⡣
Ŀ꣬һʼǵ۾ңҲӵнλʸ
ֻǣԼܹԽ֮𣿣
ˣ
գۼ䣬Ķ߱Ǵĵ
һ̧ͷƱǼ֮ҵһҡ
˻ʸ
֣ɷ裬ÿһƺһ̣һλoõһǻĵһҪĤݵ
߰ɣ
ĸֱǿҵķƣĲûж⣬һǰȥ
һᳬԽ㣡
һĨᶨ
ĵĴ£ûܵ谭˱ǽ˻ʸڣ
ǷƵһε˻ʸ


1436 
Ρ룬ϼ⣬˾ס֮ǧﶼܹܵĵơ
ʥѧ֮һģ˻ʸ
ںǹһƬͨڴһ
ΰվڴ֮ϣ̤أͷ񷣬һֳصӾӼ㣬һ˫˸˸ԣհ貣ĿֱӡйλƣһoһĴȻֻһܣǣȴǸһ־޴ĳ̲סһ־ηҪȥ¡
վſڣܣԼ䣬ƺǸоһɺ嫺ƾϯõë̲סҪܡ
ս
أģ˫ԭڵͫ鷺һѪ˿ӿ̣ǻһѪ뱩壬ֱӻһ񣬵ս벽ˣֻ˫â˸˸ӣսȻް⡣
ͬʱҲ֪ΪΣڣɽһϯ죬ʱڷƵ϶һ㵭ĺɫΣһɺ纣˳ϯȫ
ҪǣӸߵϵϣȻҲǵһ̵ͬĲֻǣ̶ֳȫǷܹ˵ģ˲֪ٱ
ꡭ
Ҫ֮ʣӵܵһ˫貵ͫͻأıǱŷâǹһֱӶ˷Ƶ˫֮ڡ
ã
һĨ죬Ҫȥơ

ڵ߳󻤷ֹĶ
۫
׷ֻͯһգصĴֱӱǱպˣըװ
ڿʼûҵκ˲ý˻ʸ
⻤ɻʱ쳹Щûаɣʱǽ˻ʸΧˮйͨһɱϢӣĲ
Ȼû̫ע⣬Ͼÿһдʱ򣬶


ĳź׷ͯ˹ȥ
ʲô£
΢΢üͷǿʵ
ƵȻҲһֱ鱨ÿһڣһ֮ڻһ֮ãƾͳˣһ켫ԺԺһͬ˵϶ǳ˴£ȻƲܷʥĻᣡ
Σˡ
һƺûܵʲô˺ķƣǴһĨЦΪ
ʲô϶ˣ
ľ׷ͯüͷҲ
˻ʸڣ˻ʸĶ˵ʵΣ
϶
϶Ҫдˡ
׷ͯһĨâ
϶˽ҪԶԶҪ࣬ΪһǧһֱҪ滻˻ʸҰĵôܺӣ
õ߱ǧǰ϶˸θҰĲҲǴʼǿʼ󻡶ȵչ϶ʵչ϶ĿƷΧڣѾгϵ˿ڣ
һ򣬼ȫǳΪ϶ĸγһ壬ңһֱչţЩʥѧţֻ򶼻ᱻ϶ƿأ
ˣҲѾΪ϶ĴӪǴ˸ʥѧѡ϶Ϊ϶ʵ
ǧۻѾһǳֲĵزǷսǼ嶼
˵Ǻã
һԣСʵ
˻ʸ⣬Ѿһʱδˣûϰ˵˭Ҳûа취Ԥ١

׷ͯüͷĸڣ˸
ʵģһѵѡ񣬰ƣǾԵģǣƿһ϶Ҫ֮⼸ǲܵ飬㾡˻ʸĵ̣Ҳ
ңǽ϶˵ûκκô෴ģ˴ģĴңضô˻ṥ壬ʱͿ̿Ըġ
˵ҪƷԼĸסƺܻƵķУһʱڣҲ˾ᵱС
ֱ϶սЭ
ãĲǳʵ
˼ȻҪ㹻滻ط糾ܹ´ˣ
϶ܷ˵ġ
׷ͯ΢̾ϢһһĨӡ
϶Ӧǻ֪ƵݣԲд˾٣ֻҪȥƶѣһ˻ʸ棬ô϶ìͷпֱָ˻ʸ


1437 ֮
϶֮չԼʵҲȷҪߵ㣬ʥѧ
ʵΪ˻ʸʣѡĿ꣡
ԣЩ϶νɷѿģ֪ɳ˶ɢ˻ʸįϢһ棬ԼǿԣЩڣ˶֪˻ʸԶˣ϶滻˻ʸȨֵķҡټЩ˻ʸ½ϵı֣õ˻ʸʧȥģ
ڣ˻ʸ϶Ҫвϣ⻹һ£ҲԴΪڣͻȻ϶ѣ
϶⣬йĽֱӶԸ˻ʸ
˻ʸ
ȷϵΪ֮һ϶ҲԲֲʵ
Ǻ׷ͯ飬Ҳǵǵ顣
ң˻ʸΪһѧԱ϶ս£ֻ·ƵҲ޷ȥˡ
ѵ˵
ĵüͷ
ʵҲ뵽ˣڵȷ÷Ʒĸףܹ黯⡣
һҪ
׷ͯһĨâڣ϶Ҳ֪ƵʵݣԣǾװ֪϶ġȻϲģôǾͰȥ˾ȳ
˼Ҫûȥ𣿡
һĨ⡣

׷ͯ΢ĵ˵ͷȻض˵飬Ҿͽȥš⣬ƵݣһҪԵıܣ𣿡
ף
Ӧһʾ£ٴһ˫ĿԵķƣϢ˳˴
ʱȥʵģΪѾ֪˷Ƶݣ

ʱ׷߲ͯ΢΢˿Ŀ⿴ƣ΢΢𣬿ૣ漣Ǹ漣
ʵģЩѾǽƵȫռˣ˴𣬷ÿһ£ıּصķʽݷϡ
òпԼǸУڵĳɾ
ʵģûУ
ҪݷƣôΪǡ
ڷʮǰɾǰĺڰҲǷΪʹʱϱ̤ԣżҪܷͼǿľģ
ǰĺڰȻһ쵱ڵʱ̣ǣ˭֪ճѾԶˡ
󣬷Ʊƽߵգһ·һɳ˭ҲˣʱסĹâǣǾҲ޷ơ

һ˫貵Ĺʱ򣬷ƵһͷҪ֣ǣ壬һƺȴǱסˣԭЩ궯жǱѹţԣֻĿһ˫Լͫڡ
ģ
ǰǰããһƬûб߼ʣţģǲƲһ̤ʵء
ˡ
һǰ۳һߴֿΰӰ
ӰȻ鹹ɣûʵ壬ǣԼģȴһĪ¶˲µΪǣӰȻһϤĸоƺм
ˡ
ӰĿˣܳȣһֱ˵Ϣ˫ӣ۵ϣһĨǳǳЦ⣬һԼһ˴顣
˭
ǿƲˣ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪ΪΣȴǾãӰ˺ԼƺúϤƺ
˭
ΰӰ΢һЦǵһ֮壡
Ӱֱӱݣ
֮񣿣
ѿھһ˫ھ𾪵ɫ
ôҲû뵽Լܹ񻰴˵е֮
ôһѣƸˣںʳżУһĹĹڵĹŹԣ֪֮صʱ򣬾һϤôһǰӰɰ۶֮⣬ƺǸߵϵĵһģһģ
ƣݼ֮񣡡
ûԥֱӹȥɫֿϡ
ڹż棬֮ʵ̫ˣ֮ܵĴؼû첻飬ǿߣܹԽ壬ӵеĹλ¼һֱܹǣ
ûûʢҲûڵ壬һλܹ÷Ĥݵ


1438 
ɣ
ŹȥķƣΰӰ΢΢һĨǳЦ΢̧֣Ʊɼվӡ
Ѿ޳ƿ֮ˡ
ɨһۣΰӰƺǽƿƣ΢΢ͷƺΪ⣬Ҫں˼ԣ׵ƿ䣬Ǹʱ㣬ܵصػչ׳壡
Сӽģ
ƾһվţĽ̻塣
ܹõ
ΰӰ˵ͷ۶ɵϣЦ⣬ƺŨˣȻѾƿ֮ôҾʹϷħӡӡ
ӡ
һĨȻ
ô
ΰӰƺЩ⡣
ʵѾƿ˷ӡˣ
ʵʵ˵˿̣ҲˣΪηӡǵܣر֮۳ʱܸʮ
ңΪҪǣȻܹ޵
Ŷ
ôһ˵ΰӰҲЩ棬һ˫ԣŷƣҡҡͷģֻǲƪѣ
ƪ
⻰ھɻ
ӡܺƴ϶Ҳܼ⻹ֻǲƪģǻжôĿֲ
ѵã̫𣿡
ΰӰŵЦ˵ţ
ķӡֻҪܹܵסֱӿٱܣضܵ߸ķ쵹أ
ʱƾһַӡǴ½޿֣ݺأӷ£ܹһĴڣ룬ܹѹͬκˡ
ٱܣ
ֱǾˣ˵ʱѾ޷ȥ˼ˡ
ʲôֱܹԽս˰ɣ
ԽףΪӷʥһŽףھ̶ܳϣҲûаٱֲ
ǣӡȴǿԣ
Ҳ˵ƿȱֱӿԷʥһ׶Կʥ۷徳磬ʥĵ֣
ȻǽڷƵĲϣϾʱ˽ʥһʲôľ磬ֻжٱ֮ԷĻôԷʥһ֮˶ԿŽףӦò⣡

ǾԵҲֻ񻰴˵еܹӵ˿ֲ
ǣһлҪܹܵס£֧ŲˣôһҲ̸ѣ
Ϸħӡ
΢һʱԺڱһĨ⣬ڶʱһĨϲɫѵ
ûϷħӡһܹռ䡭츳۳һ
ֱ£ΰӰ΢ĵ˵ͷõǼĪϷħӡİ壬ֹܹʣңӡܹѹӡһЩĨɱ
ȻѾƿӵּ츳ǣɱǣȻӵ⴦أȴǲӵдصԿף޷ӳ߱ܣǵõһδɱӲӦе
ϷħӡЩѣҵ޾޵Ĵɡ
򣿡
ȻƲ֪򾿾ģȴεļļ䡣
ܹƿĹؼڣ
ϷħΪʩչӡܹķӳ伫
ƺ˵Լݺʱ⣬ΰӰ˸һĨɣ
ڱ㴫
ˡ
ûټ˵ȥһָ֣ڷƵĶͷϣʱƱǾͷһһζι϶ַľıǸֶ
ԼΪԿռ֮ΪΪý飬ħ
ӡ죬򸲵أԴشΪý飬߸Ǭ
һζξģĿӡ˷Ƶ֮ϣʱȻ˫գǣ˫ȴǰڿңһӡʱڵĽɫڱ̣һĪƴӶ֮ˣ
һָ߸ϵƣƺλߣ˲ɵľͻĵһҪĤݳ
ôһһΣƲϵţҲ֪ȥ˶ãǰԶǵΰӰȴڻı͸ȥ
Ű۶ɵϣûаȻ෴ģǲеķƣǣ¶һĨοЦ⡣
Сһ壬ͽˣ
˷ƵԺڡ


1439 ͬ

޵۾ۿ죬ڷˮ
ף֮˻ʸڵһΪģҪԼ
Ǻǡ
ΰӰȻڱ䵭ǣȴûаɥЦӯӯİο㽫Ϊ˻ʸһεΣ崫ȥ
һģ
Ȼֻ֣ǣҲ֪ΪΣͻȻľüͷϵĵһӱ࣬ѹЩԴϢ
Ҹ˰֣ǻصλ⣬ǵôеĺӣΪ
ΰӰڱ䵭ȥҲԽԽ΢ʧ١
ڣڱŷ⻺ջأȻ貣ǣȴһ鶯

׷ͯ߳ŵܹȥͶ壬񣬲ϵϣҲһĨݡ
ƺԼҲӦܵԣڻš
ડ
վķƣͻȻģ棬ε˳ջȥˤķ顣
ء
ڣƺҲΪУͬ
ô£
ôǳʲô飿
ͬ˭ȥ
ַΧ˻ʸӶռ˻ʸ˶ǸֱܵݣѧԱǵʦ˻ʸЩѪһǲ棬Ҳ֪⾿ΪΣԼΪλƺǿƣΪǵ

Զһɽۣһϯɫȹͨ죬ĵϹˮ˻ʸȥߵ
ʮӣַΧǵȴȥԼϵˮÿһ˶ǴãĿ⣬ǿڰ㴣˻ʸ
ӻ
˳˻ʸȥиߺ񷣬в

һģһӻ壬崫ȥ
۾ֱǸߵϵĵ˫ͫһԡ
ŵǣֻҪŵ飬ͻһ
ˣ
վĺ׷ͯߣƴŹ
һΪ˻ʸϹԪϣһά˻ʸ֮ϡ
Ҳܶ鲻̫⣬ǣÿһ˻ʸŵ䣬ѹˣ϶ǰλߣ
ԣһλֵ𾴵ˣҲûΪԼһ֮ԳݣԺ󱲵ݶʩ
Ǻǡ
ˣ׷ͯȻҲǺΪˣŷƵ⣬Ҳǳɫҹֵණ֮
򲻿ɣ
ں׷ͯյĶҪʩʱ򣬷ƽһǳǰסơ
ĿǰʵȴֹܹˣֻǿЦŽ˵һ
֮
˽֪˻ʸףӵȨܹ˻ʸ
ǣȴôΪ
ʵΪ֮ζţͷһΣҲǱ
ڽһ֮󣬱ǴԺֹҪԼļ壬ңҪ縺˻ʸ𣬸ҪӻİΣ
ҲΪˣŶʩһ
Ϊ˻ʸĻʶ˺׼ûл÷ƵЩϵĻϣǴӼƵεıǽ˿ˣ
ƣһ壬еˣ
ԭѾʶҵˡ
ǴһĨЦɲһĨɻ
֮⣬˭ҲܿƣңԪڻӵ췣Ϊڻ治֪Լ¶ڲűʶġ
ģƼԿ϶Բй¶Լݡ
Ǻǣ֮ˣʱ½֮ϣ޸Ӱභ֮ʱйһССͻƣ
ǴһĨǳЦѵ
ԭˡ
һҲ׹ˡ
˻ʸڣٶһЩ֮ļأԼȻ׼֮壬ͻ˻֮Ѿһˣ
ˣԺСӷƼɣ֮ݣĿǰҪܡ
ף
˵ͷ
Ҳظ̣Ҳףڵȷ֮ݵĺʱ
֮ضǺ£ݺ˫ֻз޵֮˳ǰʱٹݣǲܹõЧ
Ǹʱ򣬵ƾһϢܹ˻ӵţ
Ѿ֪⣬֪δ飿
΢Ŀ䣬ǽ
ûκξ෴ģһ׸˷Լ


1440 
Ȼƽ˻ʸãǣƾһЩţܹĳ϶ӵв˻ʸʵ̣
ԣҲ˶ΪҪԼĿġ
׷糾ߣܲܣҲ֮ǣΪʵսȲ˵˻ʸܹܲѹ϶ĴңضԪˣ
Ͼ϶ǲ˻ʸһնǵԶһۣʱԻдҡ
ˣ϶Σ
΢ĳ촽ʵ
϶̾ϲֽ϶Χڣ˿ͳڡ
ûֱǽһЩصϢ˵֪
д϶θӵʣܲ϶壬ʵɲ⣬ǧǰ˵ʱ϶ȡ֮󣬱Ѹٵչ϶Χǧʱ䣬׳˼ʮɼ϶θһҰĲľһ硣
Ŷ
ЩϢƴͷʹüͷĺ
ŴӦ֮ӻ壬ѵھҪշɱ
ң˻ʸֻҲ߱ǽɽıۼҲܾ˵ľ档
ɱأ
΢ĳĬٴοѯʵ
󸮣ͷ棬϶

̾Ϣһ͵ȻǿᣬǣϾԶΪԣϱǱˣֽҲǼ˶ѡɱ񸮣⣬ֻ±ȶ񸮻Ҫϡ١
ô󣿡
ҲоЩ⣬΢˼ҲȻˡ
ȷԶΪǶʦֻǸ벻ˣߣȱģҲȡͨˣ츳֮ˣŻƸȡ
ɱ񸮣͸Ӳ˵ˣ⣬ֻһЩһŻѰҼ̳ˣȻ࣬ţɱ񸮷չ۷ʱҲʮڶѡ
ǧǰ϶ʵҲһѣҲͼʮˣǣȴչ̣һЩǳضƿԼУԣǵֵ
ˣãôǡ
֣üģյĶŶʵ
⡭
üͷһ壬ҲЩգҪ˵𣿡
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ
ףһҪȵģǣҪ͵Ĵ۴飬Ȼ嶯ңҲԸġ
϶θҰĲҪ˻ʸ䣬ʥѧѾ˾֪ˡԣǶȡκʽж϶ԴΪڣַ˻ʸӶģս¡
˶٣ɫûжĸı䣬Ǽ˵ȥԣõķǡѧй涨κνȺԽ½ѧضȫ涨ڣסӦûж⡭ĸףѾԺǲȥˡ
лˣ
ƳֵлϵɫɴһĨǳǳȻ
֮һлΪԼΪ̫ˣԼʱѾʥ۷徳磬ֻҪ£ֱֺӾܽ϶Ƶĵ߽⣬ֻҪԸ϶ĳԱ㹻ˣҲĶң
ǣԼʵȴ㹻һЩźԹ壬ضɱʥѧʱûԱԼ˻ʸ޴ѣ
Ӧõġ
ǴſЦǷŵʵûгɹôδ
⡭
һĨɱЩ꣬ҲЩ٣۾Ĭã˵ţ϶Ŀңûг֮ǰҸӦò¡
˵䣬Ļܳأȭͷקʥ쳹
ʱ϶ΪѾۣľ棬ҲûдڵıҪˣ
ֻǣڵûо߱ԣ̣
ôˡ
仰ɵ˿һֱŵҲȻ˵μƻûгɹҲǱ϶һŻȳ㸸ףڶ϶ĵϸʱ򣬿СĴ۽϶һٽ𣡡
ʵҲһĨϧ֮顣
Ͼ϶Ҳ֧֮һʱҪѪĨӴķ˵ʵʧ
Ҳܲ⣬Ϊ϶伫ҪԸ˻ʸأ
ţ
΢΢˵ͷٴһĨâĮĵҪ½


1441 
½
ӻĹʱ½ϱûгֹʲôĶңǣԴǹ˵ĳ֣½Ʈ˷ꡭ
ҵǿ𣬴ԭ᧿Σĵλҡһ䣬Ϊһң޿飡
ЩϣѾ˺ɽ磬֪ɷ˶ˣǣ˭ܹ뵽ԭǿʢһʱķңһε˻ص˴Ӫڣһ֮ϵܵܵصĴ
ԭͻҪ½ϵЩԸңǣǣǵ۳ǵңʥأңǱŲѡԹۡ
ڣÿһ˶ֲ֪вģǼӵеĵ̣Ϊһˡƣ
ֻҪһ漣ûбɱ˭ȥΪѷң
ңĿǰƺΪҪԸƣԣŻڴΪѷң
õЩҲ㡣
Ͼ˵¼Ǹ˴һǾ룬û˻ôĲۻƷҵȨ
ǣλ漣䣡

ҴӪ
Ļ⣬ڶǿ˵Ҳ֮ÿһӵʥܵĴڣңϷʮˣϵϢǿֲõԶЩۿ˶ľ
ЩˣǴ˵еǸɣ
˲˾뵨
½ʥףѾǴ˵еĴˣѰ˵ܹʥ׵Ƕңҫá
½ϣߵǿߣҲǷʥĽ׶ѣңǸڼڵļĴڡ
ڣЩ꣬ںɽõ˲ٵԴԣѾӷʥĽףͻʥˣ峤죬Ҳԭķʥף˷ʥĽ׵ĳ̶ȡ
ЩΪͷϵԴˣұҲ½ෲʥǿߣԪһڷӵеʥǿѾжʮ֮࣡
Ҳƾ˵̣½ϣûܹģƾʮˣɨƽ½
ǣ֮⣬ȴ֮֮࣬Ҿ粻һڵľкüʮǷܹ˵ģ
ԣֽҲֻƾǳĴӻ͵
һǸˣôһԳʮλҿӦûǷʥ磬ֻӦòӽǸˣϾ췣ɲ˭ܹģ
һЩӹҳ˵һЩߣҡͷϡ
ʥ磬Ǽйżصİ½Ǻһİɽͷƶ߼ĴڣôܳʮԸңδҲ̫С˰ɣ
Ҫȥҵλš
ૣΧ˵
˵ƶ漣Ĵڣȥ˺ɽûм֮꣬ʱȻõĺɽЩͷأõԶΪеͷǰˣ
ҲĳһͷҪԸҡ
ڴ֪Щȥ˷λѾɳһʲôĵزˡ
һΣܹ漣𣿡
һǣͬڴһ˵Ļع飡
˶֪ģ

´
һƲҵڸߵϣǴ֮ϵһǿߣüͷĺ
վһԣڣҵ̫ϳվǰ棬󣬶Ǹˡ
ʵģܹվģǷҵԪϣңʥ׵Ĵڣ
ֻǣ⼸ǷԪϣȴûаϲ⣬ɫþò
Ƿҵ˶ϲͷڹ𣿣
߳ʮ֮һһӥߣзĥɰЦΪ̶ԶˣǷҴӪеӵܣܹ
̤ϵõվڴӪеķӵڶǺһĨȵŭһȭͷקĺܽ޲Ҫȥսһ
ǣ˲жȻ洦á
Ȼˣǣ˸Ըһɶ˻ĳȥǷڳ棬һͨЩ˾Բ˵İ
ǷҵĸȥǾͷҵδ
ˣǲһһңһֱڴţڴһ˵ǰΣ
ڣѾǵˣ
߿ϣ˳֣Ļҳһۿɼǳŷ紵ĺһ
ڸϷʮˣǲϵĴƵƵ֣ÿһεĹǷǳĺˣҲڲϵĴݲ̤ŷ˵ǵŭʢ


1442 
ǲϳ𣿡
ӥǵ߲޵һڣھɭ
·ϰˣȻЩɽеԪϣƶˣʮˣ϶ģÿһ˶ӵзʥŽ׵ʵ
ʵԸһС壬ȷЩСˣǣҪɴķҲǼ׵顣
⣬ͬʱҲЩϵļܹԭӻܹȥѡ
ֻǣΪ޾£ҲĥأܴǰˣȻǴʥˣҪҳһǺѣ˵ͻƷˡ
ЩһѵҪȣ
Աߵһӣ΢΢˶ǹֳһĨζĻȣһԶۿȺֱõǼ亹죬ѡ
ڣЩʥҲδͻƵˣûȤ֣Ȼһ˱ܹȫ
ҲƵģ½ϣǶСģǵĿģҲҪ½ϵƿԼУǶԷʩѹû뵽ǣЩһһҪԸǷңԱռţвԸȥҡ
Сӵȷһˡŷʥһ׶ѣΪǣһ͸ҵĻ𣿺ٺ١
һŻε߽ӿڣзëȻЦ˸˸Եӣ˲ֱӡ
ʮȻûô֣ǣӳѹܹȫ
ͣ츳ôˡϲ־ǰʹȥģʱҶҪܣĥϰŻȥ
ӥǵ߿ЦƺѾ˷Ʊĥĳ棬˫ɭ˸˷ܵĹâӶЩ
ˣþ󣬲Ȼ˷ˣɾûлˣ
վмһΪ߿ˣûʲô飬õԭ鵱еļڨڨı죬ҷ˼
ԣߣЩ˵еͷߡ
֣ĥҾͲţܳŶã
˵գȻ֣һھϯ۳һͷĿ¼׳ӣ죬ǻһΧĿռ䶼Ǵ鿪ǲ顣
⡭Ȼʥ
Զ˾ͫڶǴһĨµľ֣õŵ˶ˡ
ʥⲻҪ磬ҪĻһ˵ȻͽΣҲӲʥ
ǰߺԵģƿʥĿֲ
˻
ţһ˫˿һ۶оһ궼Ϊ֮Ĵ
¡¡¡
ͻأģֱϣ޴ͷ­ŷֱ֮ӱǳײĻϣʱǱͨ쳹صըܾ޴ըһضˣһۿɼϯ˷ԶһЩֱǸƼһıߣܶΪ˲ش
ĻˣĻӻµķҴӪܵ˲ٵĳضҡΣƺҪѿˣڵһڷҵԪǶǴ´˳ŴĻϵʱһɫ䡣
ʱͷӴľſĴڣҧĻϣŬ˺ҧţţ伫ĻıΣ˺ҧ䣬ǴһЩǲ֮ĥ
𡭡
е𾪵ʱһͷħľҲ۶ɣɷ֮ӣأʮף֮վһ֣Ͷ㣬ԿصӾ
̣̣
ԾϵĻĻ࣬һ˫ǿֱ۱ǳĻҳһĺۼһŤıεĸоһʱڶܸԭһңΧʮ׵ĻоǱһһ
ӥҲ֣ȻҲƿһʥǿˣ۳һͷħȮҲĻŰٵĻ
Ȼƿʥ
ԶԹߣǷҵˣٸ齵ǵǿߣľѡ
ʥǾ񼼣ڣںɽڣܹƿʥǿǲ࣬ӵУôǺɽĴ
ڣ峤̫죬ֲֻ֧˶ˣ
һӰԶڵϣŷڵš


1443 
ʲô
ϢǷڣǷˣɫǾ䣬
ѩϼ˪飬ôľ;ĩ·ˣ
Żֶܹã
ڳʵ
Ϊһεġ໹ܹĸңǼӴ󹥻࣬һ£
ŵ˵ͷЩɬĻشţҲȻ
Ƕ̶̵ļڣҼδ䣬õЩܲˣԭΪƽʥѧܹǵķչ׳󣬵ȴû뵽콵Ȼһε˾С
ңһα֮ʥǴθõķûа㷴ֻ֮أĵĩյĽ٣
һ£
ڵüͷڸǶ˼
µʱ䣬Ķݣգۼѣ
ȻƵ츳죬ǣڱϾʥѧûжʱգڣܹɳʲôز
ǷĹֻ²ʲô£
ѵҷľǲõ̻һù󣬾ǽ𣿡
һЩг˱
ȥɣʲôʱ㱨
쳯Ǳŵ˻˻֣ʾ֮󣬲Ƕŷʵڣºô죿
һ仰ֱõ˵ɫȻȥ

ĻŰͷޣڳĺ˿ԭ⣬˾ȻɫתɨһԪϣǵҴ
Ƿң
һĨĹâ
仰һʱ˲ɵĶɫһ
ͬʱ뵽һ˵Ĵڡƣ
ʱһһɨ֮ǰ³˶־뼤飬˵ǣȻ
û˷ң
֮ǰƲ⣬бѾˣҪȥƵĳΪ
ǼȻѡҷҶ֣֤ǶԸ˷ƣƿҷңԴɱƣ
ڵе뷨Ҳ˵Ĺ
ȷܹԸƣǻҪ˴µԸųĲһķ𣿣
ڵķңڲϺɽ̨棬һУΪƵĴڣԲʢ
ԣֻҪƴڣǾʹҴڣԶĴȥһߵ۷壡
ȻɽͷܹӵΪҪȥأ
˵ǵ谭ܹǹв
ҪģǾǲҪϺȣ
ڵɫվ࣬һٵʱϣÿһҵӵܹܶһѪ
ĺԶҴӪ˶ܹĵһЩԭЩ̻̲ŭյˣת˹ģ϶ǹžȻɫ飡
ҪģǳΪ׸ΪԼ˷ƣǷҲˣҲûĻᣡ
ķˣжǼΪ
һ̣ǶˣϵÿһѪ
ӹڡ
ƶһҪúõĻţ
ŵأһ˫ھˮûη壬ǴȰģһĨǡ
ΪƵĸףԼʲôԣһұ𣬶ҷ糾ЮΪʣƾԻᱩŭǸϻĻ
ʲô취֪ͨƶǧҪȥԼúõĻţһҪúõĻţ
ĪıЩץֱۣ˵ţԵĺΪҡ
ףһ֪ͨģģԻĺúõġ
ǿѹеοһһı֤ţȰοš
ѾǵһˣһĶڷϣԼİΣȫȻˣֻҪܹȫĻȥ
һΰĸף
ʱصԺӣ˴С
Ƹ磬Ҫ½
仰˶סˣץŷƵ䣬
ǿ϶̸˻ʸ֮ϵȻƴȥ𣿣
Сӣ
ڷҪ͵ʱ¹ǴɤŵĺԺ
ת֮ʣǿ¹أл׶һŶ룬˽
СӣǲкģҸ㣬һҪٺ٣þûлˣȥɷɣ
¹죬ֱŷ˵ţһ˫ھ˷ܵɫ
ʣ֮Թ϶ΪѩĮ㵽һЩ
ǡ
һ˫˫ֿӣзж
Ҳڵӵ˽ˣǣˣҲ


1444 أ֮
һ˵Ʊ֪½ϣԲִʥǿߣȻǾ
ԭ˼ǣֱʥѧ棬飡
ϾΪ½⣬ֹʥѧСĽĶԴ壬Ĵ½ϣҲĺΪ
һЩż½ļ¶ǡһأͬʱҲһ֮أ
⴦½ϣӵгıأϵ񼼡Ϊ̲½ϵأεĴսԣʱĹŵ۾Ż۳ǣѹ岻Һ
λ۾ǲ壬Ѿ޴ӿ֤ΪλĹŵ۾ֵĺͻȻû֪ʥѧҲ޷ȷλ۾ǲ壡
ҲǴǸʱʼ½Ű
۾ȻƥҲû˸ðϣǣ۾Ҳģ֮󣬵۾ƿնȥӴҲûгֹ
½ҵУ룬սѪɺӣʬɽ½ɷ
ǣʱȴǷ˲飬ֲõ˶ǿ߷׷׳֣ȫѹƽϢη粨
ԣںǴһŹֵĹ涨
κ壬øԤ½
ЩЩλҵż棬ٶЩأԣ϶ҲҴʱ½Ҳȥ
ڣųڣ涨ģѪ¼ҲǴǴλ֮Ųġ
ֱڣ½ûж֪涨ʲô壬ÿһʥصĴڣΪػùųǣ
㣬ԣھԭƺǹųڷģѪ¼ǻᷢ飡
ھʲôǲ飬ֲ־ôģûκιżмأƺһʷĨˡ

ǣȴǾܾ˶ĺ⣬ѡԼ
ֻҪûдʥ룬¾г״ʥ룬һƴ
ֻԼܹƽϢеŭ
ѩ˵ҲҪǰæ
л׶ҲǴһĨǸŷ˵š
˾ǣлȴûгԣ֪ϢʱҲͦζġ
վлҵⲢûдҲΪ룬ǣΪֿѵˣȴЩ̧ͷ
ַģ϶Ȼϳ˻ʸǣȴֺɽ磬Ȼ϶ʧȥģ
ѩĮҲǿڣ΢ЦŽԵɡ
֮Ĺģɽ˻ʸһֹڵĿģǱӻ壬ԣֻҪ˻ʸȥƸİû˭ðִΤ˻ʸ
Ҳ˻ʸ޾ܹһֱԭ
ڵ־ããʷӵУ˻ʸ֪ٴˣǣ־أֻҪ֮˻ʸضͻ۷壡
Ƹ硭
ŮҲ䣬Ըſھ
֪Ǿ·ҲԸŷһȥԡ
Ȼˣôһ߰ɣ
ɨһˣĺ˿ǴӦ
ֻǣɨѩĮʱȴһĨӡ
бǾģֻҪѩĮֵ飬Խ֮Դ
ϾЩѩĮȷǰԼŮܶ࣬ϴĹҲΡ
ҲΪѩĮһͬǰȥƸţһ֮У̫ΣգȻѩĮôȥأ
һĨɼĻȣܿ
ûƵҵڷƵ߳ʱȴǿСվſڡ
Ҫһߣ
Բ÷˵ţǲĸŮҲǰͷ
ǡ
ŲǰĳССΣЩɡ
ģζκˣ
ɵ˵ţʱõ˲ɾȵĿЩɻ󣬻߲
һżСƨܹӵвԼʵ
ûԸţ
Сһ˫ͫױһƬڵʱȴõжһĨëȻĸо
˷ƣ˶ɵ˺˼ЩֵĿСŮ
ĨɫǶǸеһļ£һв
ҵﰡ⻹òˣҲСӵŮɣ
¹شУض㣬ǹ壡
ζҪ͵һؼңζᱣ׺͵ģ
Сŷ۵Сȭͷĵ˵š


1445 ׶
С϶壬㣬зǳ
½֮ʱǶڵƣʵȻǲ˵һܣֻûмܹˣ
ܣܹӦԵģҲֻзһ˶ѣڵɭӰ϶ù
Уһ߰ɣ
һһȻߣ뵽СεݣԥǴӦ
Сû˸Ҷ϶ҲҪ˼Ȼ϶׵ĵﶾ񸮣
½ȵһĻʵѾͱ͹ԳСεݣõĶһλҪСӦԣͨˣ
ŵǣǷ飬СŮ½ȣľӢһ£
Ŷ󰡣
ҲûԥֿУʱΣһһ߳һε˻ʸ
˵һ˻ʸرǿŸߵϵܣÿһǼĪ
˻ʸʼ棬֮
ˣ
ƵҲû¶ʲôһ֮󣬶Ǵǣͨ½Ĵ͹ȥ
һ·ϣ˲ɵЩ졣
ΪƾȻܹһλ˻ʸĴ
˻ʸλڼ䣬˻ʸһ֣
ѩĮһ˫Ө˸˸ǳͼһſźתɫϽƺʲô
ѵΪǰ֮壿
Ϲ麹ɫ΢һĨ̬ૡ
ȻܹӵȨõжˡ

һŹϵĴű򿪣һǳڷǰ
ִİʵ½۳ǵǴЩƣֻǣⷽ·ΪӶѡ
ɨһۣڷƵԺڱһģӡģһͼ
Ǽ½עһ㡣
ɨһл׶ˣ죬һ䣬ȻǵͷӦǣа㲻
ˡ
һһ˱ʧ貵âС

ĺ˿üͷ΢ϴ֮󣬱ǿ첽ȥ

¡¡
̣̣
໺𣡡
ըһ޺쳹ϢһУԴڴĻ֮ϵͷ֮֡
ҧĻʹ˺ţ޴βûĻһǺХԶѾ˵Ĳɼǧ￪⣬ҪԪܹά֡
ɼನжôĿֲЩ˴ڷ籩м䣬ֱֻӾͱˣ
ͷħĹͷħȮҲЩǿһͬϣԭĻϣԵĵһ㡣
ȻҲ˵Ĺ͡
ˣһֱûôͣ߿ϵʮˣӵʥ֮ˣ߸ûƿʥˣ̶ֳȵЧ
ηڽˣ
Զţ˸п
Щ½̸۵Ķǹڷҵ飬ǿ𣬾Ŀ켫һʱ
˭Ҳû뵽Ѿɽķֻ⵽˻ԵĽѣ
Ҳô
һ϶Ƶҡͷ˵Ŀ˵ֻҪλŻڣңضһ죬ңʱֻǸᾪˣ
仰˵Ĺ׷׵ͷʾϿɡ
ǰȻΪҪԸأ
ૣԶĻҫǿߣоȻǴϧ
һĻ뵱âʲôͬأ
ڣ峤ֶֻܼʮˣ
ŵһⲢû÷ڵ٣෴ģһ¶ɫ
Ϊ˼ǵҲֵõģ
ˣ
Ļϣ·ԵȥһϣмΪ֮Ȼ֣ջأҲͣ֡
ͷҪǸ𣿡
ӥǵһĨ˷ܣ¶һĨѪЦ
֣ͣ
Ϊ֮˵ĵ˵ͷԸһ䣬֣ӽָڱóһڴɭȻϢ
һ׶·â˸ź⣬һƵӾ
׶
ΧЩʥڶһĨ졣
ⶫǺֹΣֻЩвӵУɽЩͷҲӵжѣ
׶죬ãõģ
ȫ߶׶ϣ
Ϊ֮˵꣬һ貵ǴڶȻ𣬹뵽е׶Уʱ׶֮࣬ϵתԶԶĿȥһڵһһƣȻײĻ֮ϡ


1446 ǿƹ
¡¡¡
޴׶תһ޵׵ĺڶһɢһϢ˵ҵײ䣬ǺĻϣʱʯУ˻ǧأ׶ҲײĻʮ֮ȥһУһ鶼ȥ׶תĺܿ죬ĻĦ̶ǲ֮ĦһܣΪ˶ɫҰףɵıס˫
ħһ֮󣬷һԪϱǶ´ӳ̧ͷǿĻϵһĻ
ǡѵǴ˵е׶
ɫЩҰףмѵ૵
ִɱڷҵĹżҲй£ʵǻ׶֮£
ֻǷʥ磬Ǵʥ۷壬ֻҪһܹƵĻϣ
ԣһȻڴ˵רſƷĴɱ֮˶һɫǱЩɷס
ҵĶǣ
ѹе֣ſڣƴĺҴӪÿһ䣬ƴʱˣҪκƲǷңҲҪһ汳ģ˿ǷҶɵ
ݽеѪ飬Ǵһ۾죬Ԫڳ壬һƬضȾɫ
Ȼ£ǣ˶֪ѡҲԲʲô³ԣΨƴ
ҲǸˣ
ٺ٣Ҳ׵飡
Ļϣӥǵ߿ЦͷŸѵ촽ڱŷѪĹâ·ЩӦķӵܣǿԼһ
ΨΪ֮üͷͷȴ˿ͣ͡
ĿģҪңҪƷң
˵˷Ҳûа洦෴ģǵ֪Ϣ϶ɵɵĳˡ
ȡ½ȵһӦû֮أֻҪڽƿУѲˣ
һĨһǼӿ׶תٶȣʱ̶ִʢõԶ˶Ǹоһġ
ڷƵ˸ϻʱ򣬱ǿһĻ
޴׶ʯһĻγһټӣХľϯΧرɫڷҴӪҲǻһƬƬ˶Ѿ룬Ҳ𶯵ıˡ
ʱһŭ𣬷Ƶһ˫ֱӱǱĳһƬûаɫһѪ˱Ϣ񱩵ս籡˺ΧĿռ䣬һħŲ߽
ţ
ȷģȻǴڸ߿ϵʮˣƫͷԺеӣʱڶһĨ죬ǻȻɫ
˵Ŀģôܲʶ
ֻǣڵķƲӦû֮
ţǷǱǵĲΪ𾪵飡
Ƶľ磬֪飬½֮ʱǷʥһ׶ѣ
ڲǹȥʮһ¶ѣܲԼ˵ѾǷʥ۷徳𣿣
ôܣ
Ϊ׵ͫҲɵһеĶҲ·ķڵҲ˹ǵ춯˳ǵߣǿһϮӣһħ㳯˹
ᣬǣȴǺܼ㣬һɲɣ֮У˸ߴ󣬻죬֮ռ䶼Ǳ˺ѣⷽضѾɲĴڣ¶ڵռʮֵĺˣĿģ
Ƿƣ
ѾΪ˷̫ϳ֮һķег˼
ЩǶǴŸӵڶɹһϣƴ漣һֲϣƻ
ʱǿ֮˳֣Ƿڵ˶ЩĪ
ˣˣ
Ϊ׶ֹͣҴӪڵ˶ǿ˴Ļ֮ϵһĻʱ˱Ǳһ˶
ˣ
ƶ
ΪĺҲ˳䲻ķƣǼˮݺᡣ
ܵ˵ʵˣأжڴţڴŷƹȷң
ǣҲֻѣڣĻ֮˵ǷˣһЩһ˶ֱС
ǵĿУɾǵĿģܶĿ꣡
ҵķƻˣǸ漣ˣ
Զ˼һĻ֮󣬶ɵĽĶܶҲע⵽ˣڵķƣѾǰǸˣ


1447 Ƕ
¡¡¡
ӣôһһը£ԶеĿⶼǼϡ
ٸʥĸֱ֣˸Уʮǰ˫ѪӣĿǣƺǿһ
ʮʥ۷壡
һɨ۷бˣͬʱҲʮ˾ԲǺɽˣҲ˵϶צ
ţѪڸһĨĹâ
Ůл׶ˣƳĸԶ϶ǳɱϢľѡ
ǵʣɶЩܹģܹʥѧѾ˵ǳˣοǴʥѧڣҲ۷һεĴڣ
˲࣬ʮ˶ѣǣ˶ǿĳǵĲǾȵǣУȻһСŮ
ٷʥĳ棬СŮȴһҲӳƺ˾ռߣһݴ¶
϶壬˭ԱǴʥҲܲסӵи߽ҩ䡣
ǣȻģ˾ûܹӵи߽ҩ䣬ȻΪʦǣôܻأ
ɲǱ֣ǾԻᱻ϶ǲŻ˵ҪڷƳ֮ǰƿطң

Ƿƣ
˵ǸӥߣĿĿŷƣâתƺҪƿơ
ǲ̫ԸţһʮһǰǷʥһ׵ˣھȻܹվͬһϣ
̫ˣʮ˶ЩԽܡ
ǣ
ƲûѪɨʮˣ³䳹ǵĻɱ졣
ԼʱϻֻµԼ֪Ϣʱ򣬷ͱΪƽˣ
Բˡ
˵ʲô
⻰ӥ΢΢һ֮󣬶ʱбǱŭ𣬡ëСסضҪ˺

ӡӶ۳һͷɫħȮʮףһͷԶžޣɷϢϯ˷̤˿ռ䣬һɰĴƣŷ˹Ҫֱ˺
ӡ
Ʋûаң飬Ӳӣλƣһʥ٣˫ֻӰȱķӡۣʱһֻɽĴֱ۶ɣɽ嫺ӣռ䶼ˣѣӼ֮Զ޴ѹõΧЩʥǼˣԶЩԹ߶ǵȥˤıס
ӡ
±ֻ΢΢һѹֻĴֱǳֻ޴ħȮѹ
¡
һ̻ſĿ֮£ɷʥŽʥ۶ɵħȮֱӱĵķ飬ΪŰõ˿ĿɿڴʮǿҲЩһ
ȻǸовԼϢǣȴûţڣ֤ʵ˷ӵ˲ǵʵҲ˵ڶ̶̲һʱڣѾԭ׸Сһֻͻˣ
¡¡¡
ƲûгֻͣһƣڵĴֱǳӥշȥ
ˣ
ӥߴʧɫڳ壬ϯռ䣬ȫɱӡҪƴһ
ǣȴĹȴû˿ôһжշ飬ҲշѪ䣬ʬ޴档
ϣһ˲䣬Զͫ׶չ͸¶һɲŵɫ
ˣ
Ϊ׵ȷӦ˹һǻǱƽķƣڣһƬģ
ԼûзжǴһЩ
һ֣ͬɱ
ȣЩ˹ЪԼҲʥŷײȥ
ʱΧʣҲԥ׷ʩչԼǿ似ɱƣʱƬռ䶼ˣѵľ棬漫Ϊ}ˡ
ΧٷʥҲ֣ǳ棬ĩһ㣬ϢշһУӿ
֣
Ȼܵģÿһ˶չֳԼƣ¹ظ໽УֱӾͳУɱķڹһͷȺУ֮Ѫȷ硣
л׶ӣһ籡ĳɽǳҽɱһУЩշǱҽûܹðݳѡ
һŮһؾɫƹ죬˫ָ֮һɭ׵׵磬㽵һУЩʥǿǱͷܡ
ȺսУģӦ飬˸Ȼûɱˣǣû˸˾Բ˺޹˼ɵɱС


1448 ɱ
¡¡
ضںѣ޴ϫײƿһУ漫׳ۣЩܹշһеϫУȴżħӰݺߣոһһ
һɱһɱ
Щʥ׵ھ˵Ĺ»ûκεķ֮Ǳ飬ȫʬΨĲҽ֤ڹ
һ̣ûһ֣һЩռ˶Ǳһһնɱ
Щ·ҴӪĿɿڴԶҲĿ࣬Ӧ
Ϊʵڶ̫ˣرСΣ˫ڣƣһλСħŮһīĶӶֻҪǴˣǻᱻʴ˿Ҳʣ£˶ɵĵл׶˶оëȻ
׼Ƕһ˾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
һߣƴսŴʥ۷ǿߣнӲӣһɫˮ֣Ԫ룬õȵϢԶǾˣԣη塣
Ϸħ
һǵһʩչʱڵĽʵʰ㣬ܲõĹâһһ
ӡ
ʩչȱķӡڵĳϷħȴֻ֧ʮܣϣ˵ɱУͻһʱ䱬ˡ
ͻȻڴӡԶʱڵo̽Ĵ֣ѹһУħǱշڴ֮£΢ͣͣһԶսһշѹ˹ȥ嫵ѹӣֻҪѹȥһ˱շ𣬸û˿ĵ֮һз빥Ȼ
˫֮Ĳ̫࣬Զˣ
˵ǣͬ׵϶ǰɨοֻЩССϺ
пƽ飬⿴·ˣԶЩԹУȴʹһˡ
Щ˵ǿ˶Ŀã㲻Ǵ˵еĴʥ磬ҲԻǷʥ۷壬УǶѾǵǷ켫Ĵڣÿһ˶Ժɨ½
ر𣬾ȻƿǴ˵еʥ
ǣȴڲǶʮķвһ
õܹƽ
һ㣬Ǿǣ̶̵ļʱ֮Ѿʾ˷ʥ۷ˣ
ӹɣΪϵƸǣ
ҵ죬ż꣬ô֮ܽ죿
Զ˾вܣ궼ڲš
˺ɨѾʥ˰ɣ찡ʮĴʥ
ûܹܵˣĿĿһУþ޷Ӧ
ҿûжԸҡ
Զ˵ڰ졣
ûй˵ӣԲ飬ֻġ
ҵһλ漣ţǾԲܵģȻŴ
ʱЩԭɽ·콫ǿǣͬȴôĲһ
һĻӡǵϣȴ
ҴӪڵķӵǣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣһﶼǼѣ촽ˮݺᣬ˵һģǼ죬һͫһĨɫ
Ȼͬǣʵϣȴ֮
û˼ʣΪǸ޷ʣӵеļˣ֪ⲻЩܹģ
ԭҪ򿪴ȥæķڵˣҲͣվ´ǰǼ˵
ʱһеԶԵüΪ԰ףҲ޷Ǵʱ
Ƴң飬ԺǵӰӹգС꣬ڣѾΪ˾ǿߣķҵһˣ
ΪҵһˣܹΪһˣ
֪ݵĲƽ
ΪǹżأҲûһλܹ֮ڶʮʹﵽ̶ֳȵģ
ʱ䲻ãⵥɱܿįһЩԶӵҲ¹أл׶һһɱ
ߵʮˣҲƴɱĲ࡭
̣
Ŵշ䣬һ˱ҳѪըֻһЩͷ䣬ҲǱľ顣
ʱҲʣΪ׵ˣ
ҲΪƹܹҴ
ʱ԰ףǻ߽ķƣһƬ㵡
ԭΪһжԼյУǣȴûϵƻǰأûϵܹڶ̶̲һʱӵ˵ĳɾͣ
˵Ҹģ
ƵʵûаС


1449 ʥ
ʮӣԭĩһĳƽֻһѪζӣ˷ŵһĻǻþ
Ϊ֮˲û˵ң෴ģƺҲ˷ƽŷƣ˸һЩѶɫ
֪ԼˣһǶʮУ
ǿ츳ʡ
ƺˣΪͷôŵҪƵԭˣ
ˣ˭
Ѿģ˵˵
Զ¹˫ϻѪıȣ˺۵ȥһͷ񻯵Ұһ
˶ǲƵΧ
Ƕף糾ԸƵҪԣǾȲ糾ƿһЩԤ֮
ٺ٣
Ϊ֮˵ɨһۣзɭȻЦŷ˵⣬Ҳⲻ˶ˡ
̣
ûԥֻһӣϵĴӡƾѹǽշ飬Ѫſʬ޴档
ɱˣвûκϲã෴ģкܵȻϲޱ

˿һĨâ϶ʲôԭ㶼ûбҪˣ
ڸҶԼ˶ֵ棬ҲĴ
ǻԸŹΣʱ̣ҲԼ෴ģпܻº֣
ţҲǻ
ţ
ţͻأģһ÷ƺëըĸоӣͫһǿԶһڵӰռ䵱л̤߳˿ռ䣬һֽضڽŵµӾ
һһī֭Һӣòᣬ£һһǴһĪƣǣأģҪǣī֭ڵ˲飬˲ɵıǻĵһ
㣡
вг˾ȡ
ռ߳ˣȻǱ׷ɱǸʥӣ
һֱûѶҲ˵һֱѰʥӵ䣬˭֪ʥӸûԶȻǱ½
Σ¼ֵķзǳˣڰУֱڳ֡
֮Ĵߡ
ʥһ˫ͫûаɫڣŻĺૡ
˿Ʋ˷ƣǣôܻѹĲ
˺󣡡
ƳȣͬʱҲȫתϷħ貣񣬳е¡
Ƹ磡
ŮȻǣǣʱȴҳܣһͬ˵ǧ׿⣬ǵĿ
ǰ߳ˣһεѹԶǧ￪˶ܹܵǹǵϡ
ʵģʧѾõĹʥӣֽǳԽ˷ʥĴڡ
һ̣˵ĶرԭڻķˣһſżĶǳ
磬ڹʥӶİԴڣһսУ֣ͷħ֣Ľ֮ߣ
ɼжôĲʱԸǿ̬ˣ
Һ⣬㾹ȻܽЩˣ⼸Ҳܴ󡣡
ʥӿڣ˻ƣĥɰ㣬̶ܴǣУٷʥǿʮ֣ҷϣڶ˷ʳѣңڷƵƺҲû˿⣬෴ģ
Ʋû˵⳹˫ֻӰʼ۷ӡ
޵а˿⣡
ңڵĹʥӸһֽȻͬĸоƺѾǵǸʥˣ
¡¡¡
ӡһۣضΪ֮ը죬һĪӾϯΧĿռ䶼Ǵ鿪
ǡ
ӡϤĲʥͫ΢΢һȻһĨηɫã˵벻Ѿˣƾڵ㣬ԶԶҵĶ֣
ӡ
ɫ࣬·ֻһѹϵڴӡѹƺƴ󣬹շȥ
ߣ
ʥڵһĨɭâһ֣ʱֱ۱ǻһֻħצˮͰ׳ӳץڴӡ
̣
ӡײֻħצ֮ڣŷװըأī֭ȥĻ϶ǲϵĸʴţǻһֻʣ±һûѡ
ǴʱûһĻϣǾͲ֪жٷӵܻһī֭ˡ
Ҹ飡
ʥӿзĺħצȻֱһץܺƴķӡȻб󱬣


1450 ɻ
䣡䣡䣡
ը쳹ϢƴϫŰϯһУǰľ󣬾һľӣм価ǵڣϲ£һֱչ漫ˣ˶Ǳ֮⣬ܿ
ʵ̫Զˣ
ʱƲϵ۳ӡһĳѹȥȴǱʥһ˫ֱ۸ֱӺ䱬޷˼
ʱĹʥӣѾ˵ˣΪֱۣҺһ죬ͣǴ˵еĶħһģһ
ѾǴʥˡ
ޱȵ𶯣ѡ
żѣ޷ʥӾģȻܹڼ̵ʱڽʥδҲ̫˰ɣ
ĵûдģһֱоɭ˲вʧĹʥӣʱĲ룡
ǡʲô
еһĸоüͷ
ܹоڹʥϵֹŻҪǳа벻飬ƺһֱؼԪ
ѵֶ
ѩĮһ˫һֱڹʥӵϣͷ亹죬ͫ͸¶һĨ־壬ƺǼʲôΪµһ

ʥӿзЦһ˫ڵֱŷƣԵĴһĨϷڵ㣬ֱһ
๾࣡
˵䣬Һͣ޵һƬڣԶԶȥһ㣬ֻһ˫ڸΪڵӣħ˫ͫŷƣɭӡ
ȥɣ
ĥɰдһĨĿУţӴϱŷʮڵĴǣ޵ӳͱأǵصĳŷɨ˹
谭ܹѹˣڣҪľǽиɱҡУ

ͫ͵һȫתϷħͬʱ쳹ɱϣԪ궯һɭɫڡ
ɱ
һ죬һڵľ޽۶ɣֱӾͳһնȥ

˫ײȻǱŷǽӵڷ΢΢һ֮䣬ɨһɾֱӽɨ˳ȥ
Ȼôǿ
𾪣ǣһëĲԥһ̤徿ֱʧԭء
ৣ
һ룬һֱ۰׳Ĵɨռ価ѣʮֺˡ
ǱУֻһλʥҲᱻأ
ף
ͻأʧķƣʥһĨ죬һ˫ڵӱǱĸΪˣٺ٣ռ츳𣿡
˹ʥӵһУ䣡
ء
һߣӰϵɨֱӱǽΧ֮ڵĿռȫݻ٣¶ռ䣬Ʊڵռ䵱УЩǱƵļΪǱֻƾ徿жܣ֮Կ
һɲĵˣԲɭӰ쳹һ£Ƹ޷⣬ֻѡܡ
ô죿
²ϵƶƾһķ磬Щ֮䣬Σ£ƽŬ˼Ӧԡ
ʥӳʵǳϣһûг֣һİΣҲֻƭˣҲ֪ȥ׷Ѱټȥˡ
ϾǷƣҲȫûϵʥӾȻûԶ½ϣңȻɳ˿٣ڼʱھͽ˴ʥĵز
벻ף½ϵĹʥӣһģ
½һƶĴ½ԪڵŨȣ½İٷ֮һ˾Ҫʥ׶ѣοǴʥڵ½˵Ѿǲܵˣ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬷ƾã½ԪŨȣһֱ½
ÿһιָӦȻԡ
һֱڲɣԶʱڵ½ʲôӵģǸʱԪ̶һʲôĳ̶ȡ
ֻǣûΪҲ޷ԪһֱԵɣôһֱȥڻɣԺ½ǲǻһ鼫ΪͨĴ½ԪƶˣǸʱڵˣֻҲˡ
ʱоȻҪ½ԪԭҳͷΪп϶ششڣ
ͦӵġ
ʥһ˫䣬ֱǲϱ仯λķƣҲΪ


1451 
ͻı仯δԭݣɨͬ׵ķǱľأѾ˵˵Ϊʥ
֣ѹļ䣬˶ǸоЩϢˣ
ˡǵгֹˣ
ڹʥӣ൱ڵ۳ֹˣ޷ǡ
Ǹʱ򣬹ʥӱֵļΪǿᣬǱǿнߣǸʱķƸĶ֣
ڼֵȻɻڷͷϣõжޱȵ𺳡
̫ǿˣ
ֳɳٶ˾ʱл׶˶˵
ҵﰡǴðĹȻСӶĶ֣⻹ҪҪ˻ˣ
¹صԲ۾ͫڳž졣
սӶˣ˾͸Ӳ˵ˡ
мܵģǣʱȴɣͬףֻڵķҲǰ˵Ķ֡ǣǵڤĹʱǰ̬ڣ˳׵ˣʱʥ֮󣬷Ϊνŵʥˣ
ʥӵǱȻǲڷƣ
˵ıʣҲõķ˵ĵͳ˹ȵף˻̡̻
Ƿϣû˷ƣҽʲôӣܹԤϡ
˵ȥæǣڵľ磬ȥӦҲҶѣңƶٶȼ죬ʱֻûиʥɶ鷳Ǹҡ
ԣмΪǣҲǲҺҵĳ֣СҪǰæҲֹ
˹ʥӵĳޣ÷Ʒ𣿣

ģȥˣȻ
ʥӱƵĸˣҲһĨ
Ѿǽĳ˸ٱˣ
Ȼһʱʥû˵Ҳˣһξãĳ˺Ҳܵģ
ꡭ
ֻǣʥƺҲͷˣһ˫һĨâ֮󣬴Ǿ޴ڶʱٴʮֱ۰׳ĴɨƣҪ֮ɱ
˺õĻᣬԸƵĳɳٶȣʵҲ֮⣬̶̼ѣֻ֣´μ棬˫֮ͻˡ
ԣǼᶨҪȥƵľģϧһдۡ
֮谭
ô죿
˼һֿԣѾƾԼȥˣƾֱȻȻģţһδɱ˶ľԶ˶ӰͿһɨշһС
СӣϽӣ
żԺ쳹
ǣʦأ
üͷ΢΢һ
㻹ûпͷĿ㣬ߣ϶׷㣬һֱͣŻǣ
ϴ˼ꡣ
ȻƺѾݵʱڲµǰͷ
ܲԸţǱ֮ѹĹȻѾɹӳӡˣϢǴȥֻ½ᰲ
вٵ屻ͷڵĲ࣬о屻ģ
ͷ䣬˲飬֮һ֣֮ϵ֮֮ѹӴ̫ƽ
ֻǣ˭ܹ뵽ͷȻӳӡˣ
⡭
ԥȻףǣȴɺ³ǸһҲԼŮԼ롣
أ
һ䣬һһĽǶɨڷƵıʱѪſĴڣܹǰɭɭİ׹Ǵڣôȥе˶˦һĸо
ء
ţǽɨֱӻķǰغƤɫѪޱңϵĽɢ绡㡣

һֱ۰׳ĴǾ߰㽫ƽĲסקֱӱǳŻͣ硣
ԹԵĸɣΪһְɡ
ʥӿзɭȻĹЦƺãһɺĳƺڿʲôζȣֱӱǽ˦ڶĴУȥպϡ
Ƹ磡
Ļ˽Դ𣬽ţһǻŭûǣûԥȫ֣ŹǾ޴ң𣬱ŰҰĩհ㡣
ֻǣӴϣȴû𵽶ЧͶʯ飬һЩڵҺѡ
ҵ
Сһ˫һƬڣΪСħŮĶܴھϯǺް㳯ײȥʱȻǽӴײһ


1452 ڲƻ
һĻУӷƱɣڵһƴһ˲ѣ
ˡѵǸ漣ô𣿣
Զ𾪣վţ޷Ӧ
ƣһ˴ɫʵˣȻͬ壬ǣ˵Ϊȴò̾
񣬼ķƱħĹɣоȻûһ˿ϲã෴ģȻһֿնĸоʧ䡭õǲ
ƶ
ҴӪУۿĻǰһڣǻ˹ȥ
ĹҺƴˣ
ڼ߱񽣣һھѪڽȫ߶һɱ˳ȥʥӴ
䣬Ǿ͵ڻ˷ҵδ
ͳͳȥ
СײˣϮʥһĨâһһںڵĹεס˵ĹͬʱһֱֱֻۣӾɱ߱񽣡
¡
ը쳹ֻڵҺ彦貶Ŀ߱񽣾Ȼһȭ˻ȥҴӪУû˵£ըһԨס
ͣ
ſڣ³һʺѪϵֱǲҰȥ
λˣ
ʥӷ𷴻ѩĮ󾪣˻ӰֱӱǳԶȥ
ˣˣл׶飬¹ضûȴڹʥܣߵķʽؼѧʩչȫʥӡ
ϵļΪҲκε覴ãֹȷǰڿƴļƣһʱڣȻҲʥӱƵõ˼
Сγ֣ˣԶܻΣȻܹײ˹ʥӣ˵ȻӵвڷƵʵ
˵ǿõľ׷ײǰСŮӵкεȵĿֲͷ
ңܹ˹ʥӣĹƺģ
ܣ
ִǿҸʴԵĶܣʥҲһĨ죬вм˵°ܽĴ߶ѣ
ʣ۷֮ʱ϶սΪ⣬϶Ҳûκ
ʳ
ʥӲûκλң෴ģ˵ĴûܵκεӰ죬йЦСΣ磬л׶˵Ŀ⣬ǳ˴ѡ
ҪνķˣΪһɣ
Ȼǣһֱ۰׳Ĵٴαл׶ˡ
ء
л׶¹أֱӱУѪǱǾٴγƿصڴȥ
㣡
ҪȴɽѲˡ
Ƹ磬ˡ
Щ޽ڶ쳹۾˷Өˮ
ţ
ͻأģڰ·УһȫĴȥл׶¹أ˱ǵ䣬ˤĻ֮ϡ

˶ûзӦ֮ʣһĴб쳹

֮󣬷Ľвãȴɼı˳ȥţϴ¾ʹоһһһƼǸоԼһŻϢڵС
๾࡭
ûдϵľʹзӦʱһЩŹֵΧȻðһЩˮеҺ壬ʴЩϸ΢ë˽ȥƻһС
ã
糣䣬õķһȫ˹ũҩϵɲҡҷҩȫͬʱϷħųףԪڣ췣ӿסңȫɱЩڵԿ
ҲǿǻһˣֱӶڻˣ̸ʲô
ѵˣڣ
Զ·Һ壬ɨЩɫҺı棬ɫɵһ䡣
ңҲҪθڴ󲻴󣡡
һĨ磬쳹ɱķԪ궯ӿҾͲţڻжķ
ɱ
ս⣬֮췣۳һڵľ޽ֱӱնһϡ

ɭ׵췣һɻһеϣ˺˱棬޽ֱӾƿһ˵ĿӣһֲһҺӱţθ췭ظ
ģ㾹Ȼܻţ
ǵĲҽؼ쳹𣬿ǲϷĹʥӣڶ¶һĨȻɫ
û
ʵģֻзһ˱ɣû˵ƻţ


1453 ɫ

ĲҽڼԭħĹʥӴʱڰϵĹȥƺڳһ͵ĥ
ţ
ԶͷǸֳôһͷţ
ʥӲԵ޹ʵķ裬ʱˣضڳʲô⣡
Ƹ绹ţ
Ůڶ͸¶һĨϲصĸɽֲҽҪȥˡ
ˣ
ǺҷеĹʥӣңϣһˣԶȥ
û°ɣ
ʱѩĮǸ˹кǸԴ̬Ҳ䵭ȥࡣ
ѩСӣӵͦ
¹Ѫ죬ĵһۣб֮ԣõѩĮϵҲΡ
ʵ
ѩ֣֪ʱ벻ֶһġ
ѩĮҪ͵ʱл׶䲻˵һ䣬ţ˱ǳĬŮûлͷһֱۣĴڡ
ǰ˶ΪεʱڤĹзƻѣڣȫˣ
ԭЩ˶ѩĮǸĹ࣬ǣ˭Ҳû뵽ʱȻӣ
ҲѡȷģǣһˣԻƴԼһߣ
ԣжһۣˣ
ѩĮȻҲɵ̾һվüͷ΢΢˸Ҳ֪˼Щʲô
УֻԼģҲû뵽Ȼ֮鷢õòġ顯һҪƾԲɲһ׵飡

ȻЧ
һ֣вɵıһĨϲ⣬ɲž޽ǺҵĻ£ǽθƿˣ˳ȥţʲôһȥֱжϣݺ
ģʲôȻܹ˺õң
ʥĲҽУһ˫ڵͫǴһĨŵɫ
ʵ֪Լγɵģǣûܹ˺õԼĶ֮ҲֻǱѹѣܹĨɱʱȴǸоŰĶƺܹĨɱԣˣ׵Ļˣ
Լǲģ֮Ҳֻѹѣû뵽һ
뵰ҾͲڲ㣡
УһĨĹţǳ׵Һ廯ˣҲȻԭǻڣɫӿŷƳȥֱӱǽûڡ
๾࡭
ؼû˲ҽֻһʮ֮ĺɫڣǺɫҺ岻ϵðݣɢŻϢаɷʬˮѻɵһ
û֪ʲô飬Ҳ֪ʲô˻ɣǲͬھˣ
ɫڰУ΢΢ĸΧĿռ䶼ʴˣȥǽضʴһ㡣
Ƹ磡
˴УҪ˹ȥȴΪס
ڵĺܸʴأʹɻڣǳȥ
ǽ
ڵأ˵š
ϳԶȥ˽ʱĻ򿪣һ˽ڣĻ¸ԭ
ҲܹƿĻǣҲô׵飡
ЩǷƵĳǵĵǲԼ٣ԣ˶ǲҷڵ˼ֻżǵȴš

綼ǺɫҺ壬ƶ޿ɶ㣬ֱӱǱûˡ
ã
ûԥһԪе췣˳һıӿһСռ䣬ںɫı£ɻڻС
һȼȣȻʱסˣǣȴҲֶܼãǺɫҺȫڣǾֻҲʬ޴棡
Σʱ̣Ʋûлң෴ģƽ˫գǳУŵ˱ϵһ·Ƭ̼䣬ǰȻ붨δ
ǰѾһ·ˣһĩյľ󡭡һ̣˼УֻдĻ־
ˣ
˾쳹һɱķױ壬ɽӱ顭̵ӣõԪڵ췣ƺΪɭˣԭѾƽڱһĵ绡ͻȻıɣ˽Ͽһ̣


1454 췣
๾࡭
ڵûκʵҺ壬֮γһСĺҺ΢΢ʣҡǴһЩϳúܲĵױǲһÿһ˶ҪԶ롣
ûָ֪оζƺͶ񣬾ǿΪĶŻ
ѾǺܳһʱˣһֱǴ״̬ûб任粻һ
ģ㾹ȻڷΪ㻹ܹ𣿣
һͻȻܼ
ȷˣ˷ƣ
û뵽Լ˵˾Ȼз֮ڵ꣬ɵ鲻֪ж٣еۼĴڣûз֮ıͬԽԽǿɳ˽ز
Ҳ̰ʹȻ
֮壬ϵʣôضٴɱ䣬ӱһ̨ףʱؼܹѹˣ
õģʵȴܲпᣬܸһεĻᣬԻὫʬ֮Ѫ⣬Ҳò֮ЧǣҲԲᷢʹ
ļ˵ɻţ
ҵĹԹԣСӵʾжǿ϶ʲôʣˡ
¹ص۾ŴĻ֮ںš
ʱ˿ǹΣǣǽʯͷͶϪӵһû𵽶ãл׶ףֱӱʴɼһֳԽܵʱͶͨ鱦ȥҲᱻʴ
ǣȴǳ
ֻ£ɭСӣɣҲ϶ʬ޴棡
л׶Ҳ˵ţ˲ûз෴Ǻͬ
ΪȻǸоǿ˼ΪһǣͬʱҲһֿɻĸоƺûʲôԸʴһĴڣڸʴأû
ŮȻ֪ƻţǣһȴһֱţܲĵȴš
ףΪʲôأζϲ档
СͷʵΪǿںԵʣüͷȻҲЩ΢΢
ˣܿͻˡ
ȻţǣɻİοţҽСαڻУס۾
ڵĺˣֹŻһĸ꣬һЩԣǲΪá

¡¡¡
ͻأģԭʵϾȻƹҼΪٵĻţһɻӿһĴɽѹ˵ļ䡣
췣
Ľг˾ҵĴУȻͻˣˣȻͻˣ
˵ؼ仹ʲôܹô϶췣
һּشǧУȫƾɽףԣҲ췣ȻҲܴ졣
ڣɽٵķƴУ޿ɶܣ췣ʱȴһģ
ƣ͵
ҲˣɣҲͲ
·
Ļ뵰Ͻҹ
ԭƽĺɫƽƴţռڴȥ仯Ÿ״Ǳ󶯵Ҫ˦κΣʱȴһֱλãҡһˡ
ʱķɾһ֮ǳɭɫĵ绡ǻһɢΧڵڣ֮ܿ
췣
ڽƿʼ۵ʱǾѾ˹ŶߴһĨаȵĻȡ
СӣѳȥĻᣬһҪס
ϵгأҽĲͬ
췣ȥǸʱڣҲûԹǣȴûгɹΪ췣Χڣ췣ҲȥȻǵڣ
ܹа裬ݺ£֮Ҳֻ֮ܽѹӡɱ
췣ȻҲ
һĨɫҲ󣬴ڣƾҲҡ
ܹܵõʥҲǽ˴ʥûãӦҲǴڴʥףԣʥһ췣㲻ȫɱŹһ췣ܹԼĶ
ֻǣܺ棬ʥӾʲôʣȻڤĹڵİŮһܹ췣
¡
׳ˮͰǺѹѹֱںɫ֮ϣʱƣһպ˵ζ˳


1455 
¡¡¡
ڵռڣȻ۳һǦ״ƣڣɭ׵ĵ绡˸һߣڴţޱȵġ
Ƭ֮£һڵĺðݣˮˮŻֻǣȴӵԼǣǲϵķţ仯ɸָ̬

鲣֮ĦļϵĴܼںš

һֱͨ£ŻһеϢɱһУֱӻڵĺϣ˻һɼĵζ˳õԶǴĻ֮ڵķ˶ǲŻˡ
ζرƺΪĶ۶ɣֻҪ鶼ֲܵӰ죬Щήҡ
ۡ
ǵ͹Ķĺ쳹ĺԶ˿˿ģ˲ɵΪ֮ĲҪԶ
췣
Ǵļǲµ˲вɼĶǼٵȥǿʲôˮһڣһƬ
췣˵Ǵ˵е飬ֻҪʥ˲ŻҪ췣ңٲһܹɹģۣںɽ綼Զһͷ
Ȼ췣˵
ܿģ˱뵽һֿԣʱ˶ɵĵһ
췣˵ڽʥ磿
ʱû˻ֵܹھҵţÿһ˶ˣл׶˶òȥ
һʱ䣬ʹӷʥһ׽ʥ磬һʲôĴ٣
ûܹ⵽һʲôٶȣǴȥֽʲôķˣ
ʥԾѾ۷ǿߣÿһλʥǿߣǸĵ̣
ûе۽׵ϣʥǿߵĶ٣ʹһǿ
ˡѵoת
˴ʱжǾҵţѩĮԺڸһɡ
֮ڣҲѵ
ѾµǵȥֻǣͫȴһĨɻĿתĸŮͻأģһ
ЩĸŮճΪƸڣԣҲûʲô߿©ǣϢ֮һȴǱҿˣرǸղŷƱʥ֮ĸŮƴļƣﻹǰԷƼΪĮ˰
ǡѾָˣ
˵ⶼڹעǴռʱѩĮȴһֱĸŮϡ
һʱĹ۲죬ȷˡ
ܹ涾ģǾֻһҩ䡭֮ģũҩ䣡
֮
оҵĲţĲƽΪ˲˿۾
Ժڣӵһμ֮һϵ顭
ˣӦȥҷƣ
ھ֮ǰûκεƿԣЦԼȻҪԼ׷ߣֱЦ
ʱԼЩ̣Żһ
ҲǷƢãǻһĸɭֱ֣ӴɱԼûеطȥۡ

ѩĮ̾ϢһϹһĨûڡ
Ҳһж޷ˣģǾǾһЩֻͨѡ㹻ˣ
һĨ⣬˲ʧ

췣Ű˻ϢʥӻҪǣȴʹڣӵٿ죬Ҳ޷ڽ֮£ĲҺѣһɽζӣռ䡣
ĳ
ܵвԴһβη֮ģ
ҲΨһܹ
صĻ־ʱƴڵУŵ绡ƣЩӿҺ⡣
ܰɣ
ھǱǹһĨĻȡ
㲻Щ췣ֻҪܹշĸ󻼣һжֵõģ
ģһὫǧУһҪ磡
ʥ췣ţ𽥵ٴ۳һ˫ڵӱī֭Ҫ⣬ڵį}ˡ
ѣ
һĨţ͵ıһ

һƤ˺ѵ쳹һźôͷ­𣬴ʹ벻ʣһӴûκԥģһ⣬ٵĳԶӷɶȥ
Ϊ˻òԼҲ˵Щĳɹȫˣ


1456 ը
ģˣϽȥ׷
ϼڷԺ쳹ЩΡ
ˣ
΢ĸӦƱǾ쵽棬Ѿûֻǵ

һ˫ӱһƬɫŻϢţ޾׹ھϯɽ㱬ŰշһС
̣
һըӴֱը绡ռ䣬һ׹˸˸Ӱ˳Ǵʱһġ
ӣ
˫ɫһĨâһ̤徿ǳԶѾûڵеͷ­׷ȥ硣
ڷȥ󣬿ռ仺պϣȫ֪֮Ķ̬
ţѾʥˣ
ʮĴʥ»˭ԣ
˵Ĵڣһ漣ҺãûΪС
ۣЩͻ˷ʥĴƿ˿ռ䣬ȥ׷Ѱǣûб߼ʵĿռ䣬ǻǷˣ
۵ʱǶֱӺһ㣬ڻûжɹ췣ƺ췣漣˵׾٣ʲô谭
ʲôʱӵԣ
һЩϸĵȴǷ㡣
ǰȻӵԣǣȴûԣ㣬ǶǼǵúģڣһӰȴõЩ޷ͻ
˵ٶһ֣ʵҲûʲôɣ
˴ľĿǻشţȻǻ˴󲿷˵ͬ
ڷƵϣ̫漣ȷٶһ֣Ҳûʲô׵ģ
Ҫȥǣȴڸֹˣλǰǲҷ棬ֻżĻڵȴš
˫֮ǴͬһϣǾȥƴʵҲﲻƣңпܻΪʥвƵĳ룡
ھΪ뵽㣬Բֹǣ

׷УƲƵЩѪ
Ϊ췣ʥӣȴҪ췣ĺ徿ҲܲˣҲΪ󻡶ȵǰٶȣң췣ӵңٶȸֻĿŹʥԶȥ
ৣ
һӰӲ׷ȥ
С򣿡
һĨϲɫ
ڹʥӳֵʱʧ˵С򣬴ʱ֣ٶȣ׷ϹʥӦûж⡣
ΣһܷŹ
һƬɱȻ
ʥӵĳɳٶȣȷŵˣҲҺǴʱٹʮֻ꣬Լֻбɱķˡ
ңǸʱֻ¾ǻƣҲܲǹʥӵĶˣ
һֱڷУԴӹʥӳ֮ǽ䵱вһˣڤɭˡ
Ҳǿһ𣬵ǣܹǿĹɭ
Ϸħ
һâнŷһϣһּ᲻ƵӾ
ӡ
û˿ԥģ˫ֻӰ۳ȱķӡܶʮ˿ռ䣬̧һƣֱӱǳͷϵĽƺȥ

۴ӷƿдڵĴ̽뵽ƵеʱͻȻбһ貶Ŀ̻޴ƣֱӾը˺ܿһţһҪµҲֱӳ
Ҳ˲췣ˣ˵ٶȶɹ췣Ҫ飬»Ȼ
ţ˶˽ڣӲӣϵʩչӡԱĽըɢһƬֱϡ
ζɽپһ췣ѾȫûηУսֱҪըƣ
ˣ
֣һ貵ﱻУһڵУʱһ·
໣
һХһڿն𣬴һ˵ѹ䣬ֱӱѹ˺ܴһƬơ
̶ܳȣʾʱܹģƺӡžһڿգؼ䣬ѹһУܹ쵹أ

ŷƵ£û˽ƵУǱۣȻըΧһƬͨѹѹĽƸǱը֧顣
󣬷Ƹûͣͣһ۷ӡһֳӡϵ۶Ȼ󱬿ըЩƲٵĵȥ
˾ҵĳ£ԭһĽƣʱķѣܹ۳ܸĿֻǸѣ
̣
ΧЩ˸ŵ绡Ľƣͻأðһ뷨ܾһǿȻǽΧĽƸڣ


1457 
¡¡¡
ľ첻ϵ쳹𶯿ռ䣬һ貵Ĺâ𣬺ƴǺХĳϫӿϯ漫ģĩһ
Ȼ޴ϫˣǣȴǾ쵽ΪϸСһƣҲûʧ෴ģЩƾǱѿĴһñǻٴһ
ַõķüͷ΢ԣ˽ɵľͷ
һ췣˵ѾûκεвˣֻǲԸ˷ʱȥ˶ѣԣ뾡ƲУ
꣡
һƬƬһڵĽƣǦһ㣬ڣ绡˸ˣǴʱȴܵǣһȫǳһۼȥγһе״˷ڡ
һĻû˿ֻǴһ뷨ķҲû뵽Ȼɹˣ
ڱӡըѿЩԭϸСϡĽƣܲͨһ뵽ڣڴɱǣ뵽ԪڣǣȴҲûڵ췣ںϣǾۼ֮ϣ۳һţɢֻǣԭǳűϵʱȴǹɵƽ
ʱķƣûע⵽ԪеЩ֮ͬʱһãЩæ
ΪЩƲը飬ЩģҲɲˣԣӡӡһֱûͣ͹ϵըЩĽƺķѣǽЩɢСΪá
ҲֻܹʵʵĽЩƽȻʱ俪Ҳٴ۵һ
ԣȻҲЩǿ߾߱ƵǣȴҲûѡôΪƣʵҲֻͽ޹ԼĵĲˣٴۣ췣Ѱ·𣿣
Ͼǿɲ߱ɽƵǿȥֻֻĸ죡

ƹը첻ϣԶԶĿȥƾһһںѹѹĽƵУһֳ̣һӡУɵأ漫ģǷڷ˿ҪĴ˵Ĥݡ
ɽ֮󣬷ƱǸӵļӿٶȣϵıѣϵɣڶ̶̵ļ֮ڣԭһĽƣȻǼȥˮһࡣ
¡¡¡
ڽƱɵֻʣ֮һҵʱͻأģƷ⣬ٵԭȡȥģ;Ҳת˹𽥵ģ۳һŲǶʮ׿Ǧ
ھŲ췣𣿡
̧ͷͷǸԼǿѹĽƣԵüΪƽһӡһֳ̣ۣɲϵĳȥĽƺҶܡ
ҲдΪÿһεĵھ췣ǽļΪңλŵֻҲȥ׷ʥˡ
¡¡
̣ͻأģڱǧһŷƺ˹ȥֱӽûڣ۳ӡǲϵı飬ڼڱǱʮ׺Уҵ׹ϵĽҲҲ˿ڣɫѪҺ쭳
Ϸħũҩ˫֧£ҲûиɶˣҲûǰǰңܹĻػΧĵ绡
˼ӣڣͣţѿһӵԼǵ̾һ˫ɫӱ飬Ļ֮
ܹӦĵڣѾӵصĻ־
ôĿ˫ӣȻƺҲһЩʲôǣŬҪץסʱȴǷ֣ͷȴģһڣܲʵ
໺𣡡
ûи˼ʱ䣬һɾĻϢ̧ɴ绡۶ɵצץƣֱҪ֮˺Ƭ
Щӵʶ飬ȻҲʹüɶԵУƣȥշˣ
оֻһͷǾȫշǰ
صĻ־Ҳܹ
ԺôһͷѾУȻٴһͷ
Ǿǣ
飬ôģѾ׷ݲ񻰴˵УһУǣδģȴûܹ֪
ƺ飬ֻǹܹӵеܣ
ԣ㵱ʱo죬ţҲûмһλۻoܹһȫµ


1458 
췣־أÿһ󣬶һӵʶ
ҲΪӵԼʶԣõڶǿצ£ͻƣ
ƴʱȴһͷǱҪصĻ־ɵ
ȣԼӵôһڣǵͬԼѾƿһ췣֮
췣ˣʱӵʱͬ˭ܵУ
ԽţԽȣһ˫ڶǴŷɫ
ΪղŴ󲿷ֽƶɢɣѾʧȥԭӦӵеƣԣƱҪһԣܹɣԺضܹӵ벻ĺô
Ϸħ
ӡԿԼȴȫתϷħڣɫӿˮӿĶϯ죬ڣ⣬Ӳӣף貵۾һĪ¶еһԶʱoһ
¡
׺ŻһеĴƣצֱץһֱץ󱬣ϵ۽ơ
Ҫˣ
ӽӽҲЩţϵĽǴʢӰˡ
໣
ײټײſҧơ
Ϸħӡ
һĨ˵âӡһ˫϶ǽһĴ͸¶һѹصѹȻûκζܻ߹ֶΣֱͽ֣ץײͷ
¡
һըƾǱԶսײֱӱ׷˳ȥɫѪҺһ˫ƸѪ죬ϲѺۣҪըˣһ˫ֱϵĽɫҲƬϵҲѺۡ
Сӣڸʲô
ϵľ쳹˳žš
ܹµĵƵ˼룬ʱȻȥԿǶ㱻ŷ˳
Сӻʲôңÿһζ֮⣡
ȿȣ
ƿпѪٴγӡ֮ײ
ʦҪ
ڣû˿ľţ෴ģǳĿȡ
ΪڸղŵһײУȻӲ˵лܹģ
ʲô
仰϶ЩӦˣǳСӣ˲ɣ
ʦ
ϵȰ裬û÷ģ෴ģڳ¸ղһײ֮󣬸ǼᶨҪľġ
㡭
ϱЩ˵
ʦǣѾ췣Ϊãʱҵʵض
Ƶܿ侲Լ뷨ȫг˵֪
ڣũҩ֮ɲҡҷҩȫϵĴ˶ۿɼٶţ̣ϱٴζһӲӵס
СӣӲţ
Ҳ֪ôȰ裬һ֮󣬱ǳȥûƺԹۣʱ׼֡
ȷǷܹ
ǽһʲôĿֲأصĻ־۶ɵ֮ͬڣмܹӣ
Ϸħӡ
ÿΣײʱ򣬷Ʊӡʩչ֮񴫳иҪס
ʱ֮ĻûǣܹѹһЩ޷Ĩɱ
Ҳ˵ֻҪһĳ̶ȵʱܹѹ
ǣ޼ʵռڱһֱڻطŸղĻ棬ӡĥϷħӡӲһһΡ
ֱʮĴΣ
¡
ײ˫ץһ˫ǣ޴˫ּѿˣĻϢϯһּѵʹƺȫҪѿˡ
ͣ
ſڣһѪһϵҲѿһɲѷ죬ɫѪҺǴĿġ
ǣȴû֣Ӳץסһ˫ǣ
ܾ
ûκԥģƱǷתܾһɾ޴׵ܵǣҪڡ
ǣǽ鿴̫ˣϵĵ绡۳һ壬޷Ϊɣ
̣
һ䣬ͷ­һײؿڣֱӽٴײ˳ȥŲ㶼ȥ
ô£Ϊλɲˣ
ǹѪ¶һĨȻɫ
ȻܲףΪΪɣ


1459 
¡¡¡
ɭɫ׳˶ˮͰ׳һƬƬƬɵ绡ɣʵʽ˸˵ĺ⣬ϢӣһܹصĴƺһצܹ˺
Ϸħӡ
һεקס˫ǣܾе˼µĵزһɾ޴ٴαΧĶǳֳе״ХҲ˹ǣȴӲΪһͷײٴνײ˳ȥѪ£ɫֽ
Ѿǵˣˣ
ôѵҪɢ
һƬɻЩŪס
ܹ췣ܹɽƣΪβܹػ־أ
Сӣɣػ־ɵ飬ǽɢɣôġ
ŷٴαײɣҲɵĳȰ˵š
ʵڸղţҲйôһǷֻܹ¡ʱͬƿ췣ͬ˭ܵУ
ҡһԣ
ҲЩƢԸ˷εĴûᡣ
ף
Ҫ췣֮ʱԪ֮ϵע⣬ȻǽƵ״̬
Ǹûб䶯ĽԺڱһĨɻ
췣ʱȻ۶ɣ췣֮ڡ
ʱԺڱһͷ
̣
ٴײ˹һһϷħͼץסһ˫ǣûתܾǽƯԪ֮ϵĽ˳ʱ̸˳ȥ
ˡ
һּΪصķڷƽס֮ڴӵ쳹ǷһЩϸ΢ĸı䡣
໺𣡡
ֵЩķӳ£Ȼ类ͻʱ˷Ƶ˫֣ڽڳײ
⡭
΢΢һҲЩţҲû뵽ղڵĽȻӵֹЧܹס

þڣҲΪƵŨȣ˺һǣ˳ٴצŷץ
ӡ
Ʋң෴ģһϲã֣óӡ֮ڳײȥභ
ôһһεĥ
໺𣡡
ڽȥ޷ڵˣڳײſɳѡ
˵ҲΨһܹסΪҲĸһĴڡ
ʱѾǱ˲֪ٱѲȥˣ
ˣ
صٴڷƵ쵴ӶõѹѹĽƸǹнĺ˸ԽԽι̡
ܾ
ûԥתܾʱӵСѹģڵȻҲСţһһıСһһȥ뵽Ԫ֮ڡ
⵱Ȼ˵ѾˣܹܵõڽţɲǺ飬һƿƳôͣҲᱻ˺Ƭ
ԣļҪ׷ȥʱҲòͣ˵
ͷϣѾɢȥϢɢƾô޼ʵռڣ
ˡ
ڣһֱ쳹ɱķѣԪ֮쳹Ϣ
ܾԽƿ
й쾧ķƣȻᱻסûĸ꣬ƽģΪλÿʼ
̺ܻʮӵŬƲƿϵһƵ绡ѣȻһƵ绡ȴһߣ˵ȼ۴𽥵ɢȫһƻƣƻơ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãҲһʱҲһ죬ͻأģŵķ˫һƬɫΪˣĹâûڵã˳
ɹˣ
Ƴ³һڴ˿˿绡һĨϲɫ
໺𡭡
Ԫ棬ƳڣХ֮λˡ
ѹѹĽ֮ڣһ͵СŽڵĵ绡ǿԼ
⡭
Ҳһ״ʱҲЩĿ֮⣬оڸþ˵
ĶڲţȻػ־飬˭У

ſڣ͵Ǵڳ


1460 ʲô
໺𣡡
޼ʵռڣһ绡˸˸ڿ𣬴ɱϣ˫ɫӣ˲
̣
צӳڿմŷװըǧŰХϯţ˳һ
̶ܳȣڵķӡ
˵ƣҲԳϲɫ촽˵š
ѾƿȱķӡҲҪʱ״ֻ̬ΪʵԵʣܲ˰ٱܣòƣ
֮񴫳еľأʱӡӳ̶ܳȣܹʮңҲ˵ʮ֮һѣ
⻹ΪѾɽɹϷħӳֵԵʣȻʮܶûа취ܣ
ڣӵ˳ȱӡʮ֮һܣǻָֻҪһֲľذ
Ҫ֪ӡһص췣ѣܹʮ֮һҲǴǾ췣ֻҪӡļ£
Ժֶһ֮
֮󣬷Ƴĺ˿ѹеļ
⽫ΪĵƣһԻᳬʥܣؼʱ̣϶ܸһ޴ľϲ
ڣƱҪôſȥ׽һЩڣһͬͷųֻҪ춯ء
ʮǧ
˺ըȥ˭ֿܹס
ҪǼ򵥵飿Ȳ˵ûУɰֻԼȸűˡ
췣ֻҪ췣ӵ
ֱһһͷ췣档
ֻ췣ٵʱ򣬲Żڽ
ڵȷ޷췣ˣǣ˵ĶɽҲһ췣
Խ룬Խ
ڵȫһ췣㽵ҲǸѣ
Сӣⶫ򲻵ѣҪʹȻ𲻵ɱЧˣ
ϵԺصš
ף
Ƶ˵ͷ
㣬ϲ˵Ҳǵȵʵǿᵽһ̶ȵʱ򣬾㹫Ҳ޹ؽҪˡ
ھǿǰκιıȻ
Ͻȥ׷ɣѾ˿ʱˣ
ãϲһ䣬ñȷŸصһܷŹ㲻ܸɱҲҪӡȻ
ţ
һʱɫһ˫ʱȼɫɨķʱǸһ˿ߡ
һƺСģγһߣûڵռ
ৣ
һ̤ƱǻһӰѸٵ׷ȥû뵽ڵС

ǰһ޼ʵڣƺûоͷҲû·Ƹ·һʱǷСԶյ㡣
üͷ΢΢ƺ˼ʲô顣
ʥӸĳ̫ˣ½ܹڶݵʱڽʥ磬˵½ϴ֪ܣܣʥȴ֪
ãһʣʵʦʥӣʲôͷΪξȻӵܾúܲ飬ܰ࣬ͲӦó䡭
ʥӣ
ǴϵֱӷˣʥЩһӵʲộһǹʥӵеġ˵ȷӦôģĳ֣ȷǴ˲飡
ƺҲ뵽һЩʲôг˲ɣһЩǣ
ʥ
ĸۣƲɵһ㶡
ʥǰ֮ʱҲһͷǸʱʼЩһϲŹҡײƭ˵ʲôаƭȡڵΡ񸮣ͳĶ󣬲ǸʱһֱʥΪС󣬸˵ô϶ǹʥ˶񸮵ĵߣֽ֮Ĩ˰ɣϾ˫Ͳһε
ݷƶԹʥǽԼ֪һȫ˵ĻﵱУҲƺʥҲȱøС
ƶ𣿡
˼һ֮󣬷ƱһĨ
Ҳ˵ΪʥһֱŶ񸮵ĵߣԲ˾Ӻɽ磬ǣҰĲû˶෴ģȻҪܵǱ½ɫʵĴ½ȻƿԼУ
ԣڹ뵽½ʱ򣬵һģǱʥأ


1461 Ե
򣬴˵϶֮أʥأҲ½ϵĶһģһԶΪ
Թ񸮴ĹʥȻǻⱱʥس˷Ľ˺İӰħ̣
ǿУӰħֻ⣬ԶƸǿߣҪӵжɽĻᣡ
һʱڣƵ˼·ˣʱã黹
ûⶾʥĳͻҲͲаӰħ̣Ͳڱ죬ûлİͲӵеһö쾧
ӶҲΪ˻ϵ涾ߣ棬Ҳᷢ顣
ûСΣƵʱȥ
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ڱ򣬷ٴ磬Ҳʶֻѩ࣬ӡҲһö飬ҪǣսʥĴУ
սһҪͻƵ۾Ĺؼ
˵ܶ飬ҲעõģһҪߵ죬ڵĳɾֻͣǻкܶ·Ҫߣ
ǸллأǸ㣿
ƺ˿ͷֻص˸ղŵĻϣʦ𣬼Ȼֲڹʥôʥ־Ǵģ
Щ벻ͨʥ˵ǿ󣬾ȻԼͬʱҲĳڤɭӰȻӵ˵ĵ츳ôʱĹʥ˵ųȻ񸮾׵Ĩˡ
ҲµûĻǶѾǹʥˣ
ϵг֮⣬Я׾ŭ߿ʥ˱𣬿϶᲻ģԣȥӴֻˡų
Ϊ֮Ȼ֪أУ֮ʱӡһͷĹ㣬֪
ͷû֪ƺⱻĨȥˣһЩصĹżϼصıǡͷӡĹ˲飬Ǳų佫дͿ̿յ㣡
ͷ﾿û磬㣬ҲȴǴӰ½һЩĹż˽⵽ͷ˺ü壬Щǿߡȫˣ
ûˣޣֻҪӵ飬ɣƺĴڣҪɸ
Ҳû뵽ʥȻеȥӴͷĹ֮ų
ѵЩûӵļһͲ֪ǹҲͬŹǵȫûһ˿ϣ
뵽ŭ棬ֲ
½ϣѾ֪ͷĴڣǣΪۼ֮սĹoȻһЩظ֪
֮ԷӡĹ
˷ϵĽ֮󣬷ˣеûģʥӣͷв
ֻܹ֮ӡ
㼫ΪҪΪ㣬ͷԲŹԼ϶Լûгɳ֮ǰԼɱ
һҪĨɱ
һĨ
ͷĳɳٶʵ̫ˣҲһЩʲôԽٶȲ˵ţ
ҲΪܹ˺޹߼Ľ÷Ƹǲҷɳȥ
ٹļֻ꣬¾ȸղŸңҲɵԼһΣʱԼֻ·һ
ţϱٽһЩͷĴ˵֪ľĲ
飬ųɾ
ʱжôĿֲѾƲˣԣһڱܹһУֲǣۼֶɣɼʱľ磬ڵ۽ףoͬף
ʦ𣬼Ȼʥ˽ųˣΪ˵С
ƲЩɻ󣬱ٴʵ
⡭
ҲЩɣã˵Ĩɱ֮ȥӡ֮ز鿴ǲǷӡ©
ã
ƺԥıǴӦ
֪ΣգҲȥȻһ綼Ҫһ


ռ䱻˳ӡڵģһɭȻĵ򣬺أԹ죬յĹԶڸˣģڷлһЩĲҽܵظУį}ˣ
½
ƶЩţǣƬıԵȴǿһ˫ʯӵС
棿
üͷ
ѽ
СȻҲѵõһصĶ˵ͷ
ꡭ
û˿ԥģ췣Ǵӷǵص籡˳ģһųǴСĵְγһ޴ĵ绡ɵһ˿©


1462 ؾ
ۣ
Ĳҽ쳹ֱڲҺǧﷶΧһƬɭ⡣
ⷽѾԭͫĿ£ĿӦУңģͦģȥ˲ɣУƺȽϹϣ
ѵһųǣ
üͷͫںɨţ۲ЩĹģ²ɵĽ֮аųǣųȣ֣ⱻֵĳУųǹģ
Ҳ˵пܣֵĳУһųǣ
ѵ˵
ƵɫֱӾɺ
һųǣôأ
ÿһųڣٶмʮ˿ڣҲ˵⼸ʮ˿ڣѾʥӸˣ
ʱͻȻˣʥΪܹڶݵʱڽʥˣ
ģԲԭ£
Ļ³ģƵڷڸ߿ϣֱѾ췣ֵĹųǣȻſµ
໺𡭡
һХ쳹ڳٵͣʮףڸ߿յĽ֮̾ᣬ·ɭȻųǵеĶ̬

ͫ˸˸ܿģƱǷڹųǵм䴦ΪŨī֭ͫȻҲƲʵ
һ֮󣬷Ʊܹȷһźģ
ȥ
ŷһ£˫ɫһĨ⣬ֱǳȥȫûаԥֱӾͳΪŨĺײ˹ȥ

ӵԼǣɵצӣֱӱץ˹ȥʱǱ
ôܣѵ췣췣ôҵͷ
һŻ̵̻ľֱӱں쳹η벻
ţƱǿһڸòͷ­Щ͸ڳ𣬶һצ
ʣǹʥӣ
Ϊ˶췣ǣﲻʱʱ䣬Ȼһε۳һⲻò÷ƾȡ
ɱ
Ƹ´ʱһĨɭȻĵâһŹʥ׷ȥ
㣡
һۣʥӱǷ˷ڣʱ˫ڸûͫڱһĨ𺳵ɫ
磬ɣ绡ɣҲڣȴƣȫԸˣܹȣ
˫λãƺôһ
̣
һʱڣײֱӱǽķ˳ȥǲ۶ɲõͱɢˣɫҺĽȥĵ涼Ǹʴһð̡

żĲҽٵĺţ˫ھǻҵ
Ϊо
ˣڳ嶯ȥҷˣ
˹ʥӵһУȻڵһЩ
ؼƺĳЩ仯ÿһ֮ס޷ͻƣԣʥ۷壬ѾǼˣ
ǣȴûоޣֻҪǸ㹻ʱ䣬ضܹ۷۾
ϧһжˣȥһųǵʱ򣬵õ˶ԸҵϢ֪֮ƿ϶ٴγ֣ԲŻǱڰУ
ֻǣԶԶû뵽ƾȻѾǷʥ۷壬û뵽Լ֮󣬻ܹԣҲڵı档
ӡ
һĨâһ壬ǳĺ󷽣ֻһ̨һɽĴӡ۶ɣֱѹ¡
¡
Ȼüӳһȭǣ۵ֱܹܵסѾʥķһڴӡշѹ£ֱֱӱҲը˳ȥ󣬱Ϲһצ˽ŵ¡
̡
̧צϵ䣬Ǽζѣ۳Ǳɢˣҵļвѡ
ƻŵ绡ΧŨĺôĿţֳһӡʱ׼ߡ
ⲻܣԲܣΪ췣ңģ췣ѵ۾Ϲ˲ɣ
вѣڿ޺š
ûôҹǱ֮ѹ֮ʱҲûôҹ
Ϊʱ֪ûܹɱԼڣȴǽĸܵϢ
ɱңɱңҿԴؾ
ˣһθе˺£в£ûķܹŹԼ

֣ҲһĨ
ģܹ಻𣡡
ΪӿŶȣİĺš


1463 ս
׷Ŀ꣬ջûܹܣǷƣĵҲһܹԼ˳ȥԸȥЩ
ǣܹ಻Ĵ
ģҾǲ಻ģ㵱֮Ҳɱң
ʥצ²ϵĽк
Ϊ֤ԼܹʲôҲˡ
㣿
ǻŶϢĹʥӣһĨȻ
ȷô˵ǰѶĵŻܹ𣬾֮Ҳûа취Բǽӡ
ҪҲգ
ĳûΪ֮
ȷҪǣֶĵķʽţȴԸ⣡
Ȼ翣ܹԼķʽȥʵ
̣
ʾ£̧վĴצ޾ĻϢֱӾ̤ͷ­ϣʱڵͷ­һıɫҺ彦ĵǣðẓ́Ĳҽڻصš
Ҳġ
˺ܾãʱڶܹݺᣬɹۣаԵǣʱȴҵȻԹ졣
꣡
ɫ䣬һֱָֻۣ籡һ췣ӶȥЩڵصĺɫҺ帲ǣ绡˸˸ŴĻܣЩɫҺ廯˿ۼ
ֻǣȴûע⵽һںڵҺ壬ȻһĻȣ뵽мŨĺУҾһСһû뵽˵¡

˿ûȥս췣۶ɵĴɭ⣬ЩɫĽ
ʮӣƬ»ָֻڹųм䴦ƬŨЩĺڿŵ绡ʴҲ𽥵ڼš
һҲûʣˡ
ɨƵĹųǣһĨȻ
ѪûһΣֻǱʴĿĽ
ЩۼĳųڵˣûֱǱˡ
ôģ
üͷ
Ȼһֻô˭ֵܹ֤ڶֻأ
ԣҪֻ֪ܹӸԴͷϽ⣬žĴڣ
ҺãǷʥѣȻҪ¡
ϵҲһݺ¡
ʦ𣬳ʲô£
Щ̫仰˼
½濴ô򵥡
ϵĻгһֲɣǣƺһЩΡ
Ŷ
仰һСʵʦʵҲкܶɻ󡭡
аأʥҽʥصĴڣıء
֪ĵطǳţӴԽ֮󣬱ԽǷ½ƺ򵥣رʱڣйʢľ棬ֻǣΪһЩΪ˲֪ԭԲ𽥵į
Ķͷ⣬ӨӨ֮ͷ𽥵۳һ߲ϵӰĿ⣬ֱӱͶ翹ĺ֮ϡ
ãϲǺ˿˷һۣ˵Ҳ˰ɣûݵѰһЩϵּǣ½һսĴսo۲룡
ܶ飬Ѿ٣ڸĹżϸûй½ϸأ֪½Ĵڣ
֪ҲǸ壬һЩ죬Ԫϼ֪
Ȼˣ
ּǣȴһЩõϢǿߣʱ˵ģҲֻһЩΪϵļвӵС
ս
ڵɻŨˣ˲⡣
ԣս
ϵ˵ͷ˵ʱ½ܴȺɽ绹ҪǣһεĴսзѳС磬磬ҵĸݵءֱӱշΪĩˣԣ½ŻСĵز
ǴδսУ˲֪ٵǿƬϣԣ崫ţ½֮ϣ޾أӶ£ڻĹʱ֮ǰ½ϣǿ֮λ۱衭ֱĹŵ۾ĳ֣
Ĺŵ۾
һ
Ĺŵ۾ŵУһλۣ¼񻯣죬ܣ
ǰҲΪĹŵ۾壬½Ϊȥ½֮󣬼ĸʢȴɻˣĹŵ۾ǳ壬ôʱӦöʢŶԣǣڵĴȴǣԴʱڹ󣬱įУһֱûЩҲһֱ·


1464 
Ĺŵ۾أû֪һ壬ȴдţ磡
ϼ˵ţ¶һĨ磬һλֵþصǿߣֹ֮ң

Ƶͫ΢΢һ
ΪҪժȡũɲݣ̵Ĵ£ѾȥһΣңҲʶĲͬ
ڰ½ĸ߿ϣ綼ǿѹѰ˸Դңûдʥ磬½˸ʸûС
Щͬ㣬͹ԳĲͬʱҲ÷뵽ˣǽǿᵽһʲôĳ̶ȣ
˵ڵѾǾ߱˽ʸˣԣƴ⣬һҪȥʶһķɣ˳㣬һῡܣĥս⣡
ʦ𣬻Ĺŵ۾ƿնȥ֮Ǵδսģ
֮󣬷Ʋǽеɻʳ
ȷĹŵ۾ѹ壬ƽңǣڹżҲмأ۾ȥ󣬴½ٴսҵС
λҾνģȴǺģƺᵽ塣
Ϊһλңĳֲ飡
ϵҲЩʣе˵š
飿
ƵüͷһЩõԤУҼΪǿҡ
ʱ½ѪȾԱǷ˲飬˵ˣǽǴβѹȥ֮󣬸Ƕý½򣡡
ϲ˻ʸ֮ڹʱڼصĹżǣȴûеõκεĹڲⷽϸأǺɽĸͷУⲻ龿ʲôļҲ٣ڣҲֻ֪½ܲͬԼʲôң½ңͻᵼ·һЩΪֲ顣
ҵ½뵽һЩʥڣҲֻõһЩϢƺǵĴھΪػһųǵİҲڸųǵУһֱϽŹѪ¼ԭ򣡡
ųǣ
ƲɵĿǺɻδɢĵشüͷһ˵ѵֲųйأ
пܣҵƲ⣬ųǵĴڣƺѹֲ飡
ϵ˵ͷ֣ӽָóһݸƣռ½ʮֹѪ¼Ĺųǵĵͼ㿴Ƿܿʲô֮ͬ
ųǣʵҲк֣ܶϾҲ𣬲ڸʥأԱԳʥأЩʥصĹųǣȴûаųǣųǡ۳ǵʮųĹŹֹ涨
ţ
Ӧһ֮󣬱չ˾ᡣ
ӡڵģ½ĵͼŵͼϣȴǱ־ʮ㣡
ĳʮ㣬ӦǷϱ껭ȥġ
ֿһۣûʲô֮ͬǣϸһȴǷһЩͬѰĵط
ѵǡһ󣿣
г֮⡣
ڵͼϣʮųǵλÿƷֲڸǣǰڷһͼȴǺйɣظۡʮų֮һĵ۳ǣλãôڴ½м䣬ʮųǣȺǹһ㹰ŵ۳ǣ
һ̣Ҳ޷ƽˣ
ǰĲ룬ȴǱʵҪǣ½ϾȻ˺ƴḶ́ʮųγһµĴ󣬷ֲ½ѹĳֲִһܹģ
⻹Ƿһֱƶ֮ص½𣿣
µûʮųǵλã봫˵еġЩƣ۳ΪۣʮųǶӦʮǣǳ֮ѹĳֶ
꣬ΪŪЩ飬ǻ˲ٵرǡ󡯣ʱһżȻĻῴһۣѯʲŵ֪;
һ㶼Ϊ飡
Ӧþʮų֮һϼųǣ
˵䣬ϵɫ
ʲô
ƵɫҲһ䣬ѵʥҪƻųǣͷųֲ
š
ϵ˵ͷһĨɻ󣬡Һ֣ͷ﾿ε֪½صģ
ͷʱڳֹĹʱڣǸŲ֪£ңͷһγֵʱҲ½壬ڵһ壡
벻еԵɣȻ͸ˣǰĿĹųǣǸʢǣͷųӿٶʴЩ
ģ⡮󡯿ɲôױٻģȻЩҲˣӵгʥΪˣпƻⷽ󣡡


1465 ֣
½ϣʮųΪ㣬۳ΪۣΪµĴ󣬶ӦʮǳԣҪٻʮųǣҲǼ׵飡
ϼųǣѾʥʴ˼꣬ҲãһЩٻˣųȴûܵӰ졣
ѹ£ܿģųмΪŨںڵŨҲ绡շˣΪɢƬؼ䣬Ļָùųǿֻһֲ

ڣƺ˿ɨһ֮󣬱ǰΪŨĵطȥ
ųǵĹ㳡ԭӲĵ汻ƻˣһڲס
Ϊһ
ֱͫڵҪһЩʲôȴֻ޾ڣƺûеס
ৣ
ҪĽϵʱһ죬һѩ׵СҲ󶴱ϣ˫ʯֱ׿ĴƺҪһЩʲô
ŬűӣͻأģڱһĨ⻪ǰָźڶŷЩٵĽţѽѽ
ô
һһֻɭɫĵ绡ָ⻯һΣ֮ڣʱڱð̣ͬʱҲһŵĽζΪŨõֱüͷ
ģǼһҪƻųǣҺøˣȻ룡
ŵϵѺۣϳŭ
ʱڵ绡Ŀͨ£󶴱Ǳͨˣͫǰƿһ·Ĵڡ
ǡ
ͫ˳Ŵ󶴣ƱǿǵµȻһ֣һ·ǺӣΪҫۣдӣһǿҵӾͷһɽײһһɫЩףһ
һǳܺ嫣޷󣬺ƺԵ£ûܵʲôʵʵ˺
ӦþǳӦĴǹҪƻ⴦ͷų飡
ϳжϣתͷŷ˵뽫һӡУȻǱ˷ܻ⣡
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷջ췣׼Ϸħӡѹȱڡ
ѽѽ
ֻǣСڴУָǵµĴ
ѵж棿
Сĺܣ棬ƿ⴦´Ӧǳʲô⣬ǣͣеĶͫϸɨ·ÿһ䡣
ֻǣûзʲôϣҲҡҡͷʾûзʲô쳣
ѽ
Сˣֱӱȥűͷţڴ߶ͣһ·ԣʯһ貵Ĺâǰצֱӱץһ·
ģôܷҵģ
ܿ쳹һһ·֮±˳ҺݺݵײСֻǱԼٶ㿪˶ѡ
ⶫС˿ûڸԼɫֱӾ¶˳ƺڱǰָϷķƴС
Ȼ©
Ƶɫһû˿ԥģָһĨ绡ȥ

һ֮屻绡ʱ쳹ĲҽҪɱңҪɱңģǲģ
Ѿ״ΣҲƺ˽⵽ˣŵ췣죬ƺܷƵĿƣ
֣õëȻһֱηȻ־塣
ȻܹƿصĻ־
ҲЩš
𣿡
һһĨâĵǰڣ
ⶫ죬Լûƿ췣Ҳû취ҲϷħӡ֮ӡѣҪĨɱȴǲܣȻ֮ҲͲˣ
Ǿ޷Ĩɱģһһ֣ʱڡ
ڵ绡֮ȫշʱһɭȻĻ𣬻Ϊһ̣ʧ١
仰õķϵüͷһ塣
ٳ֣
СϸңûŴ棿
ƶСԸţҲҴ⣬ϸѰϸϸĽÿһ䶼һ飬ҡҡͷ
棬ڹųҲѰһ飬Ҳûջ
ʦã𣿡
ƶһԵķʵ
Ҳ֪ΪΣܾãһ仰ԲԵ޹ʵģҲֵһ죡
Ҳɡ
ҲȷһĨǡ
ʱںеĹľô׵ıĨɱˣ


1466 
Ϸħӡ
ƻȣأԶʱoƺƴأΧĿռ䶼ǱˣŹϵľĴ³˫ּ۳һͼţһӡ
飡
Ż䣬ֱӽⷽͼ˵ϵĴϣ˿˿ۣסڣסʰһ֮󣬲
ԺӡһΣ
Ͻһ䣬ҲӨ⣬뵽˷ƵĶͷ֮ڡ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷ֮ʵʦ𣬽Ҫȥӡ֮𣿡
˵ͷԭǱ֮ӡȴ˳п϶飡
ҲѾȥˣֻǣʱȴûԼ˵ⷽ飬ҲǵԼ
ţȥ鿴鿴
ϵԺ𣬲һȥӡ֮صĵͼ
ƽסչǿһ͹ģĵͼ
½һްԣռ˴룬½İ棬ƿ
٣ٵĿڰ½ߵһСѣЩ޷⣡
ڵͼϣƿ˺һ壬ӵеĵǧ
ͬʱҲڣҲСкһ֮һҲǰ½ϵľްԡ
ǴԵɨһۣƱǽĿ֮յеĴ½ֱǺɽ磬Ľ磬޽磬½ǾԶЩ֮
Ǵӡ֮أڰ½м䣡
õüͷĿⲻһԵСϣʵ֪ôȥ
ѽ
ģСȻ˵ͷ˿ռ䣬ڵȥ
΢ԥǸȥ
һ·ϣСٶȣٴ÷¶޵⡣
ڷ̤徿ߣȻҲ޷СȣСһٶȣƿܸĽŲ
һʲôͷ
¶һĨɫ
аصУһԼȫƬӰ죬ԣǸʱ򣬷ƱǻɣһǷйأ
뵽ǸĹɫĺɫСӡ
ⶫܹԼ
֣ƱǽָڵĺɫС˳ʱһǴӺϴ˲תһȻһȪеʸУ۾Ķ
ϣ˸·һµͼһ֮ȫĸǣԼ䣬ӳһĴϣӿһĪļ¶
ǵã˻ʸ֮ڣ֮Լʱǰ˵ҪԼӣڵΪԼ
ҲǸӦ̣ǰСҲعͷ˫ʯڣһĨڴ
Կ
ͻȻ£õķͣһĨڣ˫סӣҪ֮򿪡
ȣһӿʱΧ쳹һ֮޴ۣȫֻۼ˫֮ϣһơ
û

ڣ죬ڵ֮ӿ˫֣ʱƵ˫ϱǲһɫĹâУէֱ֣̾ϡ
ǣ
Ʊȣܣһɾ޴ľŷϯ˷˳һĹ
̶ֳĹ᳹£յĺЩɶĺۼˡ
ɲʹɣ·ʱЩ·ƺȡ˷˫ȵ֮ʱһ·ֹĳ̶ȻǺǺͨ
ǰ
ܵ˺ӵɶϲǴ߶ȫۼ˹˫֮ϣϵļӴ
ڣصĺӣƿһǡ
¡¡¡
һɼֲʱǴһ˿˿϶˳ըռ䣬ռ䶼ǱһۿɼǺϵĲһ
õķһʱӱٴα£˻ȥǹɿֲҲɢ٣磬ûдڹһ
áǿ
ƻˮ죬һ˫֮ھǾ벻˼顣
ǿһ޷ݵĵزоֻҪһƣǿԽѾǽʥ׵Լ׵շ
澿ʲô
·ȥĺӣипǧһ̧ͷǿԶعͷС򣬶ʱ΢΢һѵ
Сʵ̫ˣûйܵģκεطȥ÷ƳԾ̫ΣѾľˣ


1467 ʧķӡɽ
Ŵںǹֲ̫ˣѾȥһʱ䣬ɾǰ
ӦΪƿ֮ԭ򣡡
˼ǽܹ򿪺ӵԵɲµĸ߰˰ˡ
СƺӱҪƿܹ֮򿪣ڵǻǸʸ
ԣҲûм˷ǷҪ򿪺ӵ뷨
ʦǹжǿ
·У̲סԺڶŷʵ
⡭ǿ
Ϻԥһģĸ
Ҳ޷㣡
᲻ǡ۾
Сʵ
۾
ϳĬˣ֮󣬲˵ӻĹŹ޵۾֮ˣԣҲȷ
Ŷ
Ӧһ֮ҲĬһĸ·

žڣһƬߣɳûκĴڣ

һ̶ƿУռ䱻ˣһֻɫӳڸ߿ϣʱһӰҲ˳
ѽ
ǰľõСԵһзҲǴŨŨɻ˫ʯھǴ㵡
ԭһ޼ʵƽԭһ·崣ǣ·ȴʧˣ
õβ
һ˫ǰ㣬ʹ۾ǰľȴûκθı䣬·ôԵ޹ʵʧˣ
ôˣ
ǰһ޼ʵĻɳƽԭƲɵĿʵ
ǰ͵ĿûУ飬ض޷
Ҫ֪ʥ˶ҪϸĸӦܹܵĴڣͨˣ͸˵ˣ
ѽѽ
СǰָǰƽԭЩĶţұȻţżЩҡ
ʲô˼
Ȼ˵ЩʲôǣͻȻ仯̬ȣܵһֲͬѰϢ
һ޷죬ʱȻңⲻ˵϶Ƿʲô£
ô
Ҳ˶ͷӨӨ֮⣬۳һ߲ϵǰľ󣬷Ҳסһ˫ҲȻɫ
ʦôˣ
ҲӿһɲõԤУŷϿ׷ʵ
ˣ
ϲǻعʱɫЩˣвıǴһЩ΢Ĳ
Ƿӡ֮أ鿴ʱλôһӡ֮ɽڣӡ֮ɽȴˣ
ĺ˿֮󣬷ϲΪ
ʲôӡͷķӡ֮ɽˣ
ϢƵɫֱӱѿһ˫ȭͷҲɵս
ɲǿЦģͷʱڶӵܣķųֻ䣬û˭ܹѹ
·֮̽ʣڰϵСһ˫ӱת˸ˣһ
Ĳˣ
Ͼڼ䵱й·λãૣ˸
ʦѵ˵ͷѾӳ˷ӡ𣿡
ЩѵĳʵҲ¶ǡ
ͷĳֻҪһ٣壬ͷĵһĿ꣡
Ϊ֮ӡ
ܣ
ֱӾͷˣ֮µķӡܹƳģӳƷصȵڣ
ǡʦ𣬻᲻ǹʥˣ
ƵüͷеĲ˵˳
ʥ
ͫ΢΢һˣпܣ
⴦ӡ֮غرûԣͷӡĹ޷һָǡ˹
ʥ֮ڸ׽ޣǸصǿߣ˵ڼ񡭡ѵͷ
૳뵽˻֮ǰ仰֮쳣Ӧ
ǾȻֻ֮£ѵǾͲ֪ǹƿӡһľԼ𣿣
仰֮󣬷ϲɵŭһ˫ھŭ
ͷûԣؼе鶼ʳû˭⣡

ţռٴαһݵӰԼٳ˳Ƭ߿ϡ
ƣ
ԭܵһǿëըķƣڿӰ֮󣬶ʱǷҲ˿
ˣȻʧѾõĻƣ
ĺֻһۣ΢΢˵ͷ΢ڷͣٴηǴյϡ
ৣ
ӰһǳڵϣƷڵϸӦš
˭Ȼӡ֮ɽˣ
վֱˣ۾š


1468 ɱһα
ѽѽ
СӸ߿ճŻƱһ£õĺߵɫǳȥ
԰ţôأ
ֻһۣڱٴһ
뵽˻ӣ
ʱ˷ͷжѡȥ׷ͷȴԸطӡ֮ɽͷﷵأȡӡ֮ɽڵ
ջƶǻӵ˽⣬ܹǸӵ˿ǲడͷʥܹܵĹܹκε˻ӣ
ԾͲܣ
ԣǰ飬Ҳ벻Ե
Ƕڻӣǰ߷ӡ֮ɽⶼǼ򵥵飬һܹ
ԣԭһֱЦĻƣʱҲء
һԣƣû˵ʲôǻӨӨ֮뵽ƵĶͷ֮ڣȥûг
ƣǷʲô£Ϊηӡ֮ɽ᲻ˣ
ƿڣŻʵ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷüͷˡ֡
ȥ׷ͷȴһֱûʲôѾ˼ˣõһֱŵģڣǼһﾹȻԼ˵ӡ֮ɽˣŴҴҸϻ
ǰ飬ֻ²ô򵥣õͷʹѣ
˵ڻʲôĵģǾԾͷΪͷܹԸ˵ģ

ƶʱ±һѹһʯһĬã˵ˣʥˣ
ʥӣ
仰ƲɵһʱǾףʥˣ
ŷֿˣٶǲҲ̫ˣ뵱ԼӷʥʥҲķ˶ʮ֮ã
࣬õҪȥײǽˣ
Сӻ
ţΪԲŽģ
ƲûнʥϲãƽĽľ΢˵һ顣
ʲôȻǱ½
Ʋɵ˿ͷ­ôû뵽أѹһֱټ
˼ѾĨɱˣ
һһԵС֮󣬻ƲǶŷٴʵ
ţСȷϹ
Ƶ˵ͷҲɵĿСһۣ˵ע£µĵ˵ͷ
ͺãҿƿ췣ڽĨˣ
ȷ֮󣬻Ʋɵ˿ʱڴЦ˳֮⡣
뵱֮û飬ȻǱСӸˣ飬˭ܹԤϵأ
ȻĨɱˣǰȴһ仰
Ƶһۣм˵š
ʲô
˿Ϊ⣬СһǸɵƯ
˵޷Ĩɱһ֡
ƵĻг˵ǣڼӡ֮ɽʧֵ֮ǱǸΪˣҺ֮
ǰô˵ǲ֪ӡ֮ɽˣ

һ䣬ᶨ˵췣ǴصĻ־ڣһĨɱѾٸ
Ǹأ
ƽ˵ţָָ¡
˵ӡ֮ɽ
ƵɫҲ˼ҡҡͷҲܣҵʱӦӡ֮ɽѾûֻ޾ħܣԣʥ˵ͷӵˣ
ȷϾǰòŶһӡҪӳҲǾ޿ܵ飡
ֻڣӡ֮ɽһʧˣʲôأ
𣿡
еĳزûеõת̲ס̾һ
ܾòõĽдҪߣǷӡ֮ɽͷ
ģһᴦ飬Ŭֻӵ˾ԵΣɱһαǣ
ҲΣҪϵϻӷȴѶֻܰο˵
ȷҲ뵽ˣӵоϣѭ֮ٶȽȥ㷢ʲôԤ飬ʱҲܹӦ
Ҳԣ
仰ڱһĨɡ
ܹΣԼܹɱһΣͲڶΣ
ǣԼľ磬һ̫ԶȻʱǸͻԼ
ʱһĨȸУҪԼٽʥ۷壬ߵľ磬ʱ˭Ҳ޷в
ȻѾʥˣͱʥѧţ֮أڴʥҲûжЧҽ飬ӦȥߣǻһЩԵǧڣԽʥ۷壡
ƽԵ˵ţǰת˵ˣȥ֮󣬿ǰȥ

Ƶ˵ͷּ


1469 Ůֲ
лȥ׷Ѱӡ֮ɽټȻòˣңҲûãȻһ￴ȥȷЩףǣһʵȴǰţ⣬ȫӦò⣡
Ȼȥɡ
뵽Լе飬ֲüͷ
׷糾϶ץߣҲ֪ûоȳûУʱûΣգֻҲԲٿͷ
϶
קקȭͷһĨƿռ䣬ռ䣬̤Ϸطҵ·̡

ӵ徿ķƣٶȻС·ǼձǷ˵˷ҡ
˲ɵĶ˿ĻҲǻ
Ƹ磡
磬ǳ˳һһţֽֿУõķƻӦֱȵʱϹʥӻҪң֪Ȱοһá
̵ģҲȥأ
¹ץץף˵ţСҲ̫˰ɣȻôƯϱǲҲὫʦأ
⻰һŮԻͷĿֱӾͣϳһ亹ڨڨվ
Ůˡֲ
૵˵ţ˵仹ϧһ۷ơ
ûĽ֮⣬еֻͬ飡
ûʲôˣ
л׶˸˶һۣǴЦ
ڷһΪôгһ¶⣬ʵҲǳ⣬ƺƵÿһŮˣһ˭˵һ仵⵽ǳֲϮ
ˣɹ췣ˡ
ԶЩһֱڵȴ˶ǴŸɫϿյĶ̬
ѾǴʥ˰ɣ
췣ٵʱÿһ˶ǸܵǹɴֲֿĻϢڷƳ֣ǹʥûбĨɱƽʥȴǿȷˣ
Ѿ޷Լеˣƺκε˶ԵļΪ԰ס
oת𣿡
ֻôһͷ

СĹĵĿŴķƣг˽ҶСš
Ҳ뼷ȥǣͷСҲ۰ıС
СΡ
ŮҲûСŮƵĻøСŮ
§ǵ˼£ҽĳֻߵС޽СŮУǽСŮĿֱЦ
̧ͷƱǿһȺ˹
ڣ죬λԪϣ⻹һ벻ˡģҲЦӯӯĿŷơ
зģ׷糾
ף
ӭ˹ȥĻͬʱɨŷ糾ƺҪҳʲô֮ҩתһȦûзʲô˿
ԺѩĮСֵܾȳҡ
糾Ϊ
°֮󣬱Ǳһܵص㣬ʱ˵ĴӪûѩĮָǻǲѰ
лԺлѩĮֵܣ
Ƴ˹֣м˵
ֻǣŮл׶ˣȴһĨӡ
ѩĮʱߣǲʵֻǣȴĵİһ˷糾ԣҲ֪ԺȥѩĮദ
²𡣡
ѩĮһΣЦűܿ˷һĿ£˵֮壬ʦȷ֮ǰûжԼλãԣһЩ룬Ҳ֪ܶ飬֪ܹıģǸʱҲʦڵڡΪųʵΣ
ЦҡҡͷŷƹֵգǸȻҾͻ᷵칬ȫǱޣһϸʦ
˵գתǳŵ۳ǵķȥ
ѩ֣
ƽס
ѩĮͻ̹ԣõ˶Щ
ȷѩĮԲ㣬Ҳܹȷ
Ǹˣ칬ѵ۾ϹˣȻѡΪ״ӣ
ѩĮԼ˵Ϊԣλ˶ѣ֮ǰһЩʵʵ룬ڣƲܰٷ֮ٵȷѾûзеִǣƾȳ˷糾㣬Ʊܹж֮ǰǷݳɼ
°ɣһŶӣ
ֱЩ㵵ѩĮֿ˵
ǣ㲻ҡ
ѩĮૣЩš
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦѩܹӵǸʵĻʵҲ֮𣿡
ѩСӣҲˣ´ܣɾҪˣ
¹˹ϺݺݵĴ˼ʹѩĮһЩΣѪˡ
ľǹ
ѩĮвɶ뵽


1470 ݾ
ѩĮˣһãƺԼжһЩǰûеĶ
Ǿǡж
Ϊ֮壬ڼ嵱еĵλ֪ԣ֮ʱǷģһҪ˵ͷϡ
˵ת䣬ƿܹ֪δ˵ĸоԣҪ
ǣڰ½Ͼ֮ŷ֣һУԼܶʱ򣬾֪飬Ҳûȥı䣬ԭע飬ҲΪһССת۶ԭĹ켣
Ҳʦ˵ʦΣԤ𡭡
ʱѩĮƺˣʦΪλԼԭˡ
֮ȻǽԴϲ糾ҲȻˣеǸҲγȻЦݡ
ģǴ˸к֮󣬱ȥˡ
ȥһ棬Ҫע϶Ķ
ȳ˷糾֮϶϶жɲٳʲô©ˣ
ܼ򵥵ĵ϶һֱҪһ˻ʸѣǣ䣬ߺɳʲô飬ⶼɣ
½Ȼ˵϶ƲԼ½
ںɽ磬ԭ˻ʸĵ̣϶ڣӵɣΪڣʧȥģ
ԣҲð죬ֻҪ˻ʸ˵ǵݣһɽ磬Щצɱˣ϶Ҳֻóƿ

ʲô糾ˣ
һܼ߰һ¥д
飡
һһӰǴ򿪵ӷ˳ˤ¥£дѪǣֺܿĳ¥ȥɪɪҳҲġ
ৣ
һһӰӳֱŲԶһɽȥŵӰҲҵȥǻմ˴۵Ѫ
ɽȺƽûʲô棬һСľݴһ֮ǰӰŶ磬һɨۣȥգɫҲֱõ˹ľ⣬ɪɪĻ̿֡
ˣȻ϶һ
˭й¶˷糾٣˭ôͽ˾ߣ
Щ벻ס
⴦ɽȾסԶ˴ΧضܹӦ٣ɽھûܹ㿪ĸӦңط糾ģҲһʥ۷ĸ֣ʲô֪ľͽ˾أ
ѵ칬
΢΢˸ź塣
ৣ
һӰԶֱȥ
˳ˣ
һЩĻд
ʲô£
϶תŵֱЩˡ
˻ʸ˳棬ɢˣҸˡ𣡡
ͷĵˣҲЩ϶ƺ𷣡
ʲô
϶۾һɣһĪŷľֱ֧飬ɷĩľǰҲ˳ȥѪ£òҡ
˵ô£
ȣƺ嫣ΧһƬɳʯɽȶ챻ƽˣ
ں˽£֪Եɡ
˻ʸ棬ŵĿںĨأֱӾһڽ˸ˣǹһŵģҲز

϶ŭЩٴ΢΢˸ţૣѵ˻ʸѾʶҵݣ
糾ʧ٣˱ˣ˼һ¶ԼݣʵѾˡ
˻ʸȻΪǸ˶˻
˿̣û˷ŭ෴ģв
ǸзƵСӣӦҲǱϿȥ򵥡
˻ʸмÿһ˶Ƿʥ۷徳ĴڣҪǣ뾭ϵԪ׼ſԡ
ΪһǱδ֪һţ˻ʸȻܹûӻеԵɲ˼
ߣ
˼һ֮ûҪǰ˵ĳ嶯ƿռ䣬˽ȥ
ԶһϵӰ⣬ֱߣȥ
ˣġ
оͽдݾߣ¶ݣȴ𴩶ԷֻǱһ̬ȡҵĵ̣
ʹںɽ磬һϢͻ㱨ҡ
ȷѾȥ֮Ķһ䣬Ҳƿռȥ
Դˣɽ½¼Ǹһ䣬Ҳûгںɽ磬Դʲôģȴһֱȱ٣ϾлƿԴֳɵЭ飬Ҫǣ·Ҳûеȥ˵һ˸Ϊǿĺ̨Ѿûʲô᲻۵ȥǷˣ


1471 ɫ
ڹʥӡ֮ص飬ƲûиκһˣڷҴӪӣǰһÿ볤죬뼸ȣЩÿڣΪСεĴڣ糾ҲǱСŮĺϲ£죬رأֱǽСεǿĹˣÿҪһ¶Ҫ׼УٲȻǳΪС
һУ߿УԭǱڣڲͻ¶һЩ֮⡣
ңʧڷ֮Լû֣ѡŹ˷ƣȻǽһȻͬĽ֣
һžˣÿһ˶ˣΪ˲ŮҲû裬ܹиʱƶƶϻ޹⣬һʢĻһΣ
ŮܹǢദۣҲип
ܹߵһҲǺܲףԼȴ쵽ˣӻˣ
ʥ磬Ѿǵߵľ磬Ȼ۷廹кܳһξ룬ǣȴ˿ûⷽĵǡ
ڵľ磬˵ֻǵڶһĿ꣬Ҫͻʥףߵĵ۾
ֻǣؼһֵĳ棬ȴ뵽ˣںɽΪĻˮ¡
ŮϾûܵκȾȻһ𲢲Ǻܳʱ䣬ǣȴԸΪԼԼ
飬Ҫô
ˮ¡
ͷϵ˸ǳ˸һĨȻ˸С
Ȼʱˮ껹ڣǣҪ뽫̸֮ף䣬û˵ܹ˵ҲֻЩԶ񻰴˵ᵽܵĹ飡
ǣ˵վǴ˵
һҲǲ֪ԵˡڤĹڵǸŮӡ
û֪ǣڤճ̶ȣ˵ͷ֮󣬺пܻʱڵݺص

Ҳ롣
Ůʵ̫ˣһ޷ݵĳ̶ȣƺˣһֺܲʵĸоλð㣬ԣŮӣҲ˵ûиĴڡ
ŮȶΣ췣ҲǵǣҪȷİΣ
ȥ֮ǰȥһڤ죡
̾˾
ˣܲ˱˵ĺãֻҪǱ˶ʵĺãҲḶȥԴܾô࣬Ǳһ̳֮ģ
Ҳһֱûб䶯ԭ
Ƹ硣
һԵתͷһ˸Уʱһ
ôˣ
תͷʱ򣬷ϱǻЦգǻһһġ
Ƹ𣿡
գˮӣʵ
ǸˮŮӣԣҲ޷⣬ΪȻĴȱ֮ģѵΪԼܹվ
˽ΪУȷڲͬ˷ƣȱ֮ģһ
Ϊʲôôʣ
һĿ
룬Ƹ϶ˮ¹ɣ
ǻʵ
㡭
ſ죬ЩĿɿڴĿ
û뵽ֻֻһʧ񣬾Ȼͱ˼
Ƹ磬ʵҪˮ¹Ҳпܵġ
ƣڷƵĶͷĨţǼĨƽ
˼ǡ
סƣЩɵʵ
Ƹ磬ʵЩʥҽʥصеһЩŵϣҿļء
˵ţ硣
ģ
ڱһĨϲɫɵıսơ
ţ
΢΢üͷ˵ͷ˵֮һܹ
֮񣿡
һ뵽֮ǰСƺҲĬϹ㣬ƺԼӵи
ʵдţ֮֮Դũҩ䣬ΪҪԣҪˮ¹ҪũҩУңҪһ
ĽԼȫ˵
Ҫʲô
ƵĺЩˡ
˵Ůõɫࡣ
ɫࣿ
ƣƸǵѸٵĳȥ
ɫ࣬˵̹ŹŮ洹˱ʣ޼֮ҲǽʣµɫŮʯڣȥѰɫࣿ
̹Ź񡭡̹Ź֮ؾģ
ھǳ˼ɫҪҵ̹Ź֮أѰԼҪɫࡣ


1472 
̹ŹλǿٵعԶ񻰴˵Уڿ֮ˣԣǷôһλضĹڣ⻹˵ǣɫ࣬ȴ̹Źⲻɵ÷ƿ
Ҳ뵽Ů˵Ĵ˵ɫܣԣ˵ģҲΪ飬Ҫضٲɫ࣡
ԣǰˮ£Ƿϣɫ඼Ǳزٵ
ʦ̹ŹĴ𣿡
ƲԺʵ
ΪŮ洹Ĵ𣿡
ϲûлش⣬෴ķʵ
˵̫翣ΪʱǱʧȥټ˸޷ȷ
⡭
˳˼Уüͷ΢΢
Ҳ̹Źǹ˶׫ģǣЩȴǴڣɫ࣬ĹŮʯΪ
СӣԼȥ̽׷ѰŻ࣬ȥĵطҲޣܶĶҲûнӴǸӴ
ϵĻﵱгһֲɣҲЩź
Ϊ֮ıǲƿʣôǻᱻʷɣʱǿ̫ǿᣡ
ڵķѾǸһ׼ȷĴ𰸣֮壬ܹƵģңѾˣƿΪã
ţ
Ӧһ֮󣬱Ҳûȥ
ȷĿǰʵ֪ܶôֻҪﵽһʵ̶ȣܶ飬ʵͻȻĻĽ
󣬷Ҳûżһȶڵľ磬󲿷ʱ䶼ߣһ׿ǵĹӡ
ǾҪҲƽʽһŬΪ˶׼š
ӣһֱһ¡
Уڣ죬糾ҵһԪ϶ˣʱƲƿҵʯţ˽
øλõˡ
Ǹĳ˹֣ûΪԼڵĳɾͣڳ̬ı䡣
ߡ
վȵ£ھЦ⡣
ԪϣҲ΢Цסĵͷ
ȻǶԷƵ̬ȶǼΪ⣬пԼӵʵܹ̬
ǿΪҲҲΪߵľŬǣôȫΪ˷ң
ʥˣ
˵ڴ˵еľ磬ңɼǣŶʮķƣȴҲ顣
˵ʥѧ½֮ϣȡ˵һ
ڴЩŷʵ
ЩӣȻжǧɻҪ֪飬ȴûȥƽ
Ϊ˶֪ڷ˵ǼΪѵõģҲǶݵģԣֱ˲ڡ
š
ƴŵЦ˵ͷ󷽵ĳˡ
Ȼûб¶ݣǣл׶˶ĵ̬ϣȴҲһЩߡ
λߣʥѧĴ
ãģҷж
ڴЦЩˮⷺԣһԣҲǼĪ
һ뵽Ѿ˴ʥ֮󣬱㶼ֱͻˣ
ʮĴʥ˵ǷżҲǣȴƸˡ
¶
˿һ֮󣬷ƱǴӽָڽǱ¶˳Сķǰʯϣʱһ˵ķǳң˵϶ǸֳһĨΣ¶
Ǵ˵Ҷľƶɵ¶
Բ۾Щʧ̬ĳʵ
û
Ƶ˵ͷңⱭ¶ԼƷҶƶɣһΣһͨʥף
˻
⻰ڶɵĵһھȡ
һҲ߰ʮ֮࣬Ҳ˵ܹ߰ʮλʥǿߣܹƽ
Ɑ¶ͽ峤䣡
ƴһĨǳЦŷ˵š
糾أδ۷壬ڷû磬ң㽻˷죬ҲԼĸĸҲܵõ
Ҵȫ˸л㣡
վʩȴǱƷסˡ
߰ʮʥףʲôǺɽʮ۹ֻҲû˶ʥװɣ
峤ˣҲǷ֮ˣ
糾վһ˵ţĨԺȴǺԡ
ӣԼĽ
λСӹտܾͻ뿪ˣԺûоԵıҪһ½ɽ磬ǾͲȥˡ
˽⵽½һЩ֮󣬷Ʋãɽ½ǿ෴ģڷܹӵкɽ׵ԴʵѾ㹻ˣ


1473 ս
⡭
㣬ҵһԪǶ𼸸üͷ
ɽԪ½ںɽٶȻ½Ҫ
ԣҪɽ磬ʵЩ᲻á
У
΢һڱǴӦҶŷ˵һжշ˵İ죬ɽ硭ǷҾͲȥκˡ
ȻΣѾˣǣƼȻô˵϶ĵ
š
һ۷ƣҲ˵ͷ
ίһʱɡ
̾һ죬˵һᾡ̵ʱڽ顭һǰȥɽֻҪ¶ԼӦöû̫⡣
Ǿôˣ
һھˡ
лηơ
Ƴ֡
ﻰû㣬Ƿнյķ⣿
ڴЦĶ˵š
ȷһжǷƴģȻͬʱҲҴһЩѣʧ󣬿ңһҪô׾٣ôܲһЩۣ
仰˽Եͷ
ڿƷ⣬ʵҲΪз֧ţûҿɾͻһˡ
⣬һ顣
˿֮󣬻һأ˵ϣܹǰаϵ۳ڵʮųǽפһʲô飬񣡡
ּ䣬óһǰʯϡ
ôѵʲô飿
쿪ţӷƵĻڣǶһЩͬѰζ
ûС
ǴһĨЦֻǵ˻£һңһҪʱ֪ͨң
У
˵ͷҽЩ
һУͰиλˡ
վ˹֣һϵס

⼸գŮԵķ˷ƵĲͬȻÿЦݣǣȴǴһĨ벻ᡣ
֪ҪȥˣҲûе㴩⼸գǶϲƴһ𷢴ݵʱ⡣
һֽŷ⣬峿ɫδƱ뿪ˣΪ»ԣûкκ˵ֻȥ͵͵ĿСһۣ̤;
ǧױ仯һģǰʮųǣվڹų̧ͷ񷣬ǹģ
ڱƬʢеĴսַ
ɽϽأǧɸߵĴ˺ƶڵƽϣȺɽԱƽаɽıͿգһ޴ȭӡƺǱһȭ򴩣ʮˣ漣
ȥݣݲƽҲи߷壬֮ϣԨףǷͫҲס
ϵһУ˵ţһĴս
ৣ
һһԨԱߣűԵشƺڸӦЩʲôΪ޾¹ȥˣ϶ѾڣԨһˣ˹ȥǼԨƺǱģԶ룬ԣɼһ֮Ρ
󣬷սϣȷˣһսû鴫
ΪΣΪЩҪɱ
վһƽɽϣɨܣھɻ
һιʷѾ˿ĨȥˣȻ˴˶֪һĴս﷢ȴûܹ֪ԭ򡭡
ϵԺҲ˸п֮⡣
Ĩȥ𣿡
ƺ˿ǰճ̵սоȻļ¶˵Ҳܺпܻḡˮ棬ֻǣҪʱѡ
ɡ
ãϲ˵֡
ȻЩǿ߻ôһõĶ֣Ʊػٴսʱ½пܻٴΪս
󣬷аųǣվ֮⣬ңƽɽ
ûнȥֻվΧһʱƿ˿ռ䣬뿪½
ƬĴ½ϣܣһ죬һһ֮⿪
ʥѧڣƼ˶˵ԼҪȥ磬õĴ֧֣ûйͣͣƱ˷ڤǡ
ΪϴεĹ¼ȥҲָƽһ
˭Ҳûо˵ģ֣ڤ֮Ǹڤ졭
ɣɫҺһţڣǴһЩĲĺһ˫˫ħ֣ƺǵħڿһ


1474 ˫
ڤ죬糣ûʲô쳣Զһᣬһǳɽ֮ѷжȥ
¡¡¡
һڵĽɫǳϫӿţ⣬һɫ⻷Ĺβ㻷ƣôƾ֮뵽ڤڡ
ڣɭɫΪ}ˣһ·նɱ֣û̫ѹʮ֮˾ǰ
ѾˣʧûκټϿһ統Ĺûдڹһ
ұһֱߡ
ϵԺָ
Ҳһ֮䣬Ǵ⴦ĹĻأ뵽ڣеİŮӡ
˼ʱʱ䣬ߣڶˣǣȴһֱָʾȥ󣬾Ȼһصĵǰ
ɽһ򱱣һԱϣ̾ᣬڵϣſڣͷ죬ƺڳХΪ磬һǿҵӾڴˣػĳ
⡭
ֻһۣƵͫױ΢΢һ
ȻɽǣĿռȴԵЩ죬ɫħһƺ𣬷ҡ֮ϡ
Ȱɣ
ϵõͣ

Щףɨܡ
ҲЩɽߵͲһǴһƫƧɽŴ˽Խ˼ɽԲż˵εĴڡ
ɽҲֻͽΣûƣϲѵĻҲͿһ۱ȥ
Ͼû˻Ϊһͣ
ò˼ʱҪˣʱɽмһţŻһң⴦űǿԽĹڣ
ϸΪ˵š
Ҳй䣬ҪҳڤԴҲżȻȴǼһĹţֻǣƾѰңҲаۼΪԼۻ˵ķϣһ죬ڵڶʱٴμ˹ţʱѾʥ۷ķϣûκη֮ģֱӱǴ뵽˹ڣǳĹС
ǽĹĵط
ĸд㵣ȴҲûлɣֻǸеˡ
ڿɲһ·̣ĽҲ˼ʱЩ벻ףΪεĹڰ֮ңľأ
Ҳ֣ΧƶûиܵоֵĴڣƺıã´˵أɫŨΧҲûжΨһͬĵطεɽ
˫֪ΪΣػǡ
Ҫȼʱһطȥ
ʦǰʲôط
ڷңȫȫĶɹһµƽӣȴһУ𣬱ǶԷʵ

ƺһЩ£ϵдһĨɣ
Ľ˵£Ʋ˽⵽ΪλƻԼȥ
ʵɰ忪ǣ˵ͬһ
˵ʱسλ֮⣬һЩĴڣԪΪʳΪԼ飬ܹӵеԣŹ˰ΪģǸ硣
ԣűΪԿã
ֻǣҪǾǱʥ磬Ҳ˵ɹһ췣ˣ
أ˵飬׽ˣܹѸٵ硣
ΪЩڴشƬ֮󣬾ٶ
Ҳ˵㹻£ֻҪˣֻǶѻǿһ츳ƽӹ۷壡
Ȼ⽨ܹɹ췣ǰ£
Ȼֺ£
ˣ׼ȷ˵ɵˡ
ⲻ𣿣
뵽пǴ˵еλͬҲΪĿ֮ǻͻˡ
Ҳǳ˻ڴ
ûôöԸ
зǳСӣûѵ
Լ˵СӺп಻֪ôģ
öԸ
һ
شɵ飬˵׶Ը𣿡
һңڰڣǻᱻģٻĥԣ˶ʹôҲ˵ڰڣֻƾԼȥɱ飡
Щ飬ҲΪƷƷƷƷԼƷ
˶٣˵Ʒ飬һö˱ܹһλľ磬Ҳ˵ܹɱͷƷĻôϲ㣬ֱӿһˣ


1475 
ʲôһö˾Ȼܹһλľ磿
ھ𾪵ɫѿھţ͸¶һɲ˼ζ
˵ܹɱͷƷ飬ôǿֱһ󾳽ˣ
͡
ϲɵЦǳСӣҿȷĸ㣬ڵһͷƷ飬ԱɣûκνҵĿܣ

仰õķͷȻ΢ȴȥţüͷһʦЩôǿ󣿡
ɽɹϴӣǿĳ̶ܹҵ֮ܣǣʱȴ˵ƷܹɱԼõЩ⡣
˵ˣڰڣܶ᲻һܶôֻһÿһؿռڣֻҪڣܹӳܣǴһͬȵĳ̶ϣһؿռ䣬ڣҲֻܹӳʥһһ׵̶ܳȣǣ飬ȴһΪͨûƷ׵飬൱׾磬Ʒ飬൱׾磬Ʒ飬൱Ľ׾磬Ʒ飬൱׾磬Ʒ飬൱߽׾磬ڳƷġ൱Ž۷徳磡
ΪСӺôϲçײ£ҲûбһЩʶ˵ϸ˵˸Ʒ׵߱ܡ
⡭
ƼֱĿɿڴЩ˵
⻹Ҫ˻𣿣
ͨûƷ׵Ѿ൱ףƷԽߵ飬ǰĳ̶ȼֱõڸ
ȷ˵Ʒ飬ĿǰʣͨƷ飬ҲܹɵӦǣƷƷ飬ûа취⣬ˣΨܣȻܲң
Ʋû٣෴ģ뵽˲ǰ֮ŴиһϷħӡ
֮ԼӵеΪģܹƻӷ쾡µĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ˵ڴҲܹʹóӡǣϷħӡɵĳ̶ȣôҲ󻡶ȵʱҲܹԿƷҲ˵
ϾɵϷħܹ÷Ƴסӡİٱܣȴ֮׿˵Բм٣
ԣ㻹ҪȥɱƷ𣿡
ϵдһĨʵζƺּƳԱ
ٺ٣
Цһû̧ܣʵʦôƷ׵˵ЧΣ
ⳬƷȻǣҪԸǽϷħӡµĵزҲûоԵİա
ߡ
һ֮󣬲˵һ׽ףҪһöͨңƷ룬ֻҪʮöңƷģʮöңƷģҪʮöңƷģҪʮöɣ
Դƣ׽ףһҪöͨˡƷˣҲҪʮö˽׽ŽףҪͨ˰˰öңƷģҪʮöң
΢һ£ּһ䣬ǳƷˣǰ˽ŽףһöҲԣ
Ŷ
һĨ⣬Ҳ˼㡣
Ҳ˵ͨˣһ׽ŽףҪǧöң
ΪûнԣҲΣǼΪϡٵĻǾЩˣǧöҪʱܹ밡
Ҳ֪࣬ҲӦ󣬱ϾԿɽ룬潫ж˴ڣ
ֱԣ棬ԲһƵأҲǼΪײеġ
Դһǳͬһ壬Ҳȷ᲻ͱӡ
ڣӡλϣԣʱʱ̶̿飬˭ҲȷںδҲԹ㣬ʱһγȺ壬ЩȺ֮ڣŻӵƷ׵ڣ
Ҳǲµ˷Ƶ뷨ϱǼ˵ţҲ˵ԽǸƷ׵飬ΧڵҲͻԽ࣡
ʱʱ̶̿
仰õķ΢˿һ䣬õüͷ
ôܲСӵ뷨ԣصˣȻ಻֪ôġ
ôһǸɱƷĳ̶ȣ
Ҳ˵ˣҪһ֮ûлȥɱӵƷ׵飡
ȥ֮ǰȥһС
˾
ֻнϷħӡɵĳ̶ȣлᵥȥɱƷ׵飡
֮ͬʱҲڵΪλˡ
ͬʱҲҪģڵʵҲͬʱĥ磡


1476 ſ
شΪʥףʥֱܹ֮ӶشܣҲһɷḶ́
ʥףҪټµ۾ô뾭Ŵһ췣ϴӣ
һ췣Ϊʥھ췣Ǽ췣Ƕɹôлٵλ
ֻǣȴѾûܹɹ췣ˣ׼ȷ˵ӻĹʱһֱڣδ˶ɹ˾췣
ԣֻҪܹɹ췣ˣʥ۷壬۷ǿߣÿһǾǿ޵У
ذöӦ߸磬ͻƵһأǶٴʥ硭ͻأǰ˽ٴʥʥ۷Ĵڣ
ԣֻҪܹӰ߳ǾԶ۷ǿߣԪ׼
ʥѧڵĻԼԺԺʵ϶ңҲӵкպ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ǣʵʵܹͻ쾳ģȴ֮٣
⣬ҲǸȺԴ
ڰ½ûжս·ȴһֱڱ任һУΪԵʣ
ܹģƱضǾܹͻģڸĵڣж٣Ѱ˵ǲɲģǣڰ˵ȴ͸ġ
ԣɲģʵоݿ
˷ϵЩ֮󣬷Ӳɵ΢΢
ڣԸľģһţҲдˡ
Ͼ֮֮񣬾ڤλﹲ֮ʱʵҲǰλѣ˵ӵгĵʵ
壬ҲԲǳصģضҲоǿʴڣ
ȻԼĻĶ࣬ǣ˭ܹ֤˲øΪ˵أ
ǽԼλðڵ̫ˣⲢǺ£෴ģ֮ʱǱܴ죡
е˼ˡ
ڲûа⣬෴ģսڳ壬һ˫Щ죬ˡ
ǿĶ֣һֱҪԵģֻܹõĥս⣬ʹսһߵĸԶ
ʱԶ˫м䣬ʻĳһĨǳɫ
עˣ
ϵԺ쳹
վĿ˫ɽ
ģʵǳɫһĨǰףͻأģһ貵
һ貣ҫۣŸɫǿ˳ԣңȻǴ˫֮
ˡ
һϸ΢˫֮ſм䣬һ貵ĹȻγһš
ź貣ʱʯɣľĶǣǷƣҲһ˲ĳ

ϵڴߴš
ৣ
һ񣬽һ˱ǻһֱ˹ڡ
ʱűɢԭҲʧָʲôҲûзһ
ણ
ǰһİĵܱ䣬ҲûʲôΪɭ
ƲİѾڶν뵽ˣֻǣϴβһΣûȺںܿտҲľû˿
ɨһۣƱǳȥ
ҲΪĹûпԭûܵκεٶȣ뵽Ĺ統С
ǰһУõķɫɵһͣЩĿɿڴĿţþò
ԭɽˮ㣬ﻨĹ磬ʱȴһƬǽľɽӱ飬ѿľ٣һ˺һѷĴۿȥĿ̹꣬һսһƺ߸һܶɽ𣬵߸дգֻһڲ׵ĺڶԭ磬һжˡ
ô
ӿһɲõԤУû˿ԥǴжȥ
Եģ˵ĳ棬ض뿪֮ʱӽ߳һϢӰйء
ʱǵӰƾǽԼ֧飬飬䵱ǣǸصİŮӾ
ӦþսĵطԣŽ˵ص߸˵ģ
Ҫӵʲôľ磬һսŻ
кΪ𶯣˸š
ʱһŲɣϵĹǳǰ
ͭ泤ͭ⣬߲߰ԭѾ򿪵ĴţʱҲֹرյ״̬
΢ԥǰȥһ֣ڴ֮ϣ΢һơ


1477 
ֱ䣬Ǹһһ˿˿ƣõķһ𣬽ŷˮӿ֮ͭϡ
飡
һɾɻƲɵĵһͭȴ˿õɵһ
ô£
ٴ߽֣ͭϣϸϸĸӦš
ȴţأƺһδ֪ӿţ˿˿źߣܲȴţ΢ĸӦ֮󣬷ƱˣҪȴţֻǱҪݻڵЩ˿˿ľӨ߲С
ȭ
ĺ˿֮һĨţΪȭֱӾͺ֮ͭϡ
̣
ը죬һɾ޴ķ˻ŷƣ󲽲ֻͣȭͷЩ顣
ߣ
һӲӣһ˫ֳ죬Ѫڣ֮ӿ˳һһһĵĻţȭͷϾۼ
ʮػ
ֻ۰ͣϵѪһ̾ᣬͷ΢΢Ĳ䣬ΧĿռ䶼쳹һըܹ˺صҵײͭϡ
¡
һը˱ǵ˻ȥʮ׿⣬߰˸󲽣һ̤һʯĶɫҲһĨ쳱Ż԰ףңüͷ
˵һȭ֯ԱҲ£ǣȴͭһϸСĺۼ
Ϸħ
ͷһתڣɫǺХһľϯһ⻷ĹΣƴ
ӡ
ּ̧䣬𶯣һֻɫĴ۶ɣ˿ռ䣬һۿɼΧɳʯ쭷ŷһֱ֣ǳͭײ˹ȥ
¡
ӡײ֮ͭϵʱ򣬶ʱǱһ貵ĹâһӴĢ𣬽ţһ޴ľǴоϯΧһһ㡣
нɫαӻڱľ統Уһ˫˸˸ֱͭһ˫üͷӵһ֡
ΧһƬǽ壬ǣڱĵͭȴ˿δ෴ģھͭⱻϯɾͭ˸һ㵭⣬쭷м䣬һɸ̡
ţĴηӡûаЧͭ˿
üˡ
ϵԺ
ţ
üͷһ
ԣֹͭرˣƾûа취俪ģ
ϵƽƺҲǲ뵽˷룬Ǽ˵㲻ã֮ǰ𣿡
ָǣʱصİŮӵȴڳߵʱͭǴڷյ״̬ʱҲûκΰ취߳˰ŮӣŲű򿪡
ʦ˼ǣ棿
һʵ

Ӧһʱ۲֣ڣһ󣬶ۣǿס棬룬Ӧв
ŶҲ˵û£ֻǿܳ˶ѣ
һĨ⣬ŵĶʱǷȥ
٣ڿ֤Ůû£ţֻǣҲܵһĴ˶ѣֻҪԼӦö߳
ţ
ϼǿ϶Ļشţģˣô׾ͻµġ
Ըˡ
ƳĬվͭǰһʱңתȥ
ڲûдͭŵҲһ죬ﵽʥ۷壬ߵٵ۾лƿţȻҲĳһ죬ŮӻԼ߳Ҳ˵顣
ڤ֮ĿһۣƱֱӳ𣬷ҡϣ
һƾԼ磬̷ǳֻ̣ᣬ֪Ǵʥ磬Ҫ磬Ҳһ򵥵飡
Ʋ֮ϣܵ谭һɾ޴ѹ£ѹ׼ǰС
˿̣ƽ£Ӳӣһսһ忪ѹŬϳ
꣡
޴ѹĦȻǲʱıǱŷǣһܴСȼ𣬶ƵɫҲЩͨ죬ˮ죬ƺҪȼһ
ѹ̫ǿѹѹ£ҲǴ粽ѽн١
ս
һĨ˵ĳâûаɫһƶȻ


1478 

תս֮󣬷˾һ񽣣ƿһУ˺ѹͷϵѹٶȶӿ˼֮ࡣ
֮£ŹаʱڣͻѹȣƾԼ統С
ȻϵѹǣҲ縺صж䣬ûڰ½ǰ¾ڵĽɫתٶҲǻࡣ

ƺ˿֮ȭͷһϵѹ˶ֽţһ󣬱Ǵŵϰѹ
ֻǣо統УٱѹңⲻòпԪŨȣǴﵽһĳ̶ˣͬƬˣֻҲǰ½ܹģ
˵Уس֮ʱĵһ½ԣλɽŻǴ統С
⾿ΪɽŸı磬ɾ͵ɽѾ޴׷ˡ
ǣڵ飬ȷǷͬ죬ΪѹǵʾͲǰ½ܹģߣŨǵٶȣҲǰ½ܹ
ܶ½ǿҪԼĺǨƵǣȴвֲͨҾ磬һЩС֮ʱǱԪѹȶԣõİ½ǿǣ뷨
һĴ½ƺֻʺⷽ棬Ӧ
ң統УҲԭסǿĳ̶ȳ˵̵ĳ̶½ϵһЩȡ
ԣԭס񣬶Щ½İ½֮ˣȴǶЩɣǲмһˡ
ҲΪֲмһˣԣˣҲûҪ½Ĵ㡣
ǵ֯統ҲֻǶѣصľͷȣһЩࡣ
ϵһ仰ֱõķĿɿڴþ÷Ӧ
ͳһ˰½֯ȻĶѣ
ôЩνľͷǿֲһʲôĵز
ʦѵ˵ЩͷҲһ𣿣
ƾʵÿڸ
û統дţ֯һͷͻҲ޹飬ҲΪǴγͻ֮֯뿪ڰ½֪٣
صΪţ˵Ҳһ޶Ĵڣڰ½ûг־ǿߣǣ統УȴǳһЩÿһλźպѹһˣ޵С
ѹһˣ
仰õķ˳һƽ
䣬֪˶ŹֲţرʱڣoȺۣǿǣͷϣȴôһǿߣѹǡ
ۣoѾﵽһشļµزǣǿߣȴ룬ƽƽɼӵеܸǺֵǿ
ţ統еصľͷɸΪԶĹŴ
ʱҲ֪Ϊԭһȴͻʱû֪ͷɴڣߣѾ˵һС
ʵģͷУӵѰĵ̣
˵УӵĹڣԣܳ棬ǿҲܹԿ
ͷ⣬Ԥ£ԣ統УѾ׼Ĵˣ
ʦؼ便м
Ʋʵг˺档

ϻشĺܿ죬Һܼᶨ
ĹŮʯһȻ󣬱統еͷһ
ȻûҲ˵Ĳ²ѣǣйŴͷУйп
ܹǿ߸п֪
壬ʵ˵ҲΪصĴڡ
Ϊͷĺᣬ壬൱Ů洹ĺᣬֻǣȴų˼£½ϵ嶼ܹѹΪ˿
ҲΪʱλһŻʱ䣬Ϊۺ죬йŴҪȡŮʯûеóѡ
ΪŮʯܹƿصģǿᣬѹֻҲûк³
ڣĴڣҲ൱ڶѣ
ϵг֮⡣
ܹڰ½ݺᣬǣⲢܹݺᣬǵ۷ʱڵĶҲΨбߡ


1479 а
ڷϵһУ⵽ˣʱʱڣͷȻҲѾǿߣǣȴӵܹһλǿߵĵ̣ʱ꣬ȻҲįǣֻµҲǴﵽһΪֲĵز˾
֮ͷǾԲܵǵģãͷѰ⣬ҲԤľƣֻʱܻһЩӵѣǶǾ޾Ϊͷƽţ˾ηмӡ
Ҳ֮𣿡
ɫƽЩ
ǰ½ܻ㣬ǣ磬һҲѣ
ɼܹ֮ΪĴڣǺεȵĿֲǶ൱֯һȽ׵ĴڰƾһܹԿ½۷ǿߡ
֮Ļƿ߾ͿˣȻд鷳ģ
֮ţһʱȣȥ붥࿹⣬ǾܹӻˣǴ壬ֻҲܲ˶ŭ
׵ġ
Ƶ˵ͷӦ
ȻҲֲ֪صˣϣҲ֪Цã
ʦͷγƺ
Сʵ
ȣ壡
һһٵµȣ¹䣬վΪΣģϿɣ塭Ϊ˹ţӵԸ񱣬аǿ˳۵ģܹύһԵǿ˳۵ġصģ֮ĨģҲϳһΪΪ˴ǰԼĸ£׽֮˾Ϊη壬߽оʢ
ȣ塭
ƳЩѵ촽ʦͻģѵ壿
ǡ
ģȴǷˡ
ȣ
϶ʱһĨȻɫƺЩš
š
ƺҲЩп˫֮ìܣβģҲֻ֯˻֪ԣʱҲǺܺã˳֮Ϊа𣬴˵Уаƿӳٵ취ţܹ󻡶ȵ٣аԣֻʼ㣬ʧһʱ䣬ѹ꣬ԶԶֵܹģ
ʲôꣿ
Ƴ׵ˣɵĵһ
ۣoһңõģõһЩĵرܹӳһʱ䣬ǣҲûд˭ܻ꣬𣬷Ƶĸȴģƾʷص꣬£Ҳѹ֣Ȼڶĸ۷ǿͶ֯У
꣬ڳ˵Ѿ൱ӵˣ
𲻿ɵУѹһˣа𣬾Ȼѹ֮ãʵǿֲ
ңٵֻҪΪ֮ۺ죡
֣ȼȻԼվΪΣôаŭȻɽأ
ҡҡͷʾЩ⡣
ȣ壬㻹ٽӴΪطˣǳصġ
ٴصţЩƺһЩɵ֮⡣
ѵʦӴͷеӵܣ
ֱӾѿʵ
ȷ棬ͷУȻӵܹǿߵĵ̣õЩ޲ó˿룬֪ס
š
ϵЩͳƺֻص˵¡
Ǹʱûдﵽ۷壬ڰֹӵƣʱһЩĴڶΪ֮ܣȻʱû֣֮ȴǼסǿ󣬲
ȵӵȻվΪΣȴҲܸ߰ˣͷ֮䣬ҲһЩͻ
ط˳ǶڵľӢӵܣܹ˭
Ŷ
Ƶ˵ͷʾ⡣
߰ˣ̫ˣЩԾͷ˵ĴڣȻԼݰڸһȣ
Ĭá
ʦıߣ
ЩѹĵףԺڼʵ
Щ̫ңԶ˵ҲֻҪעѣ˵ͷѰҲڵܹǵġ
͵²ǵһ
ڵϷλ
֪ҪȥϷħǸָ
ৣ
һƣƱǳǧ֮⡣
徿ȷһɶõĲʥϿռ츳ǧ޺ۣ
գǰľˣľϡ٣ɫڣһЩƵĹϽҲԽԽŨȻǸһֺƴѹһҡ


1480 ֻ·
ꡭ
һնԶЩƵĹϽת˲ټ
󲿷ֶǴʥϵĴڡ
΢ĸӦһ֮󣬷ͷ𶯣ͫɨɨȴЩģƺΪԪ̫ŨԵʡ
Ӧʲô챦
Ųʱ˷ж磬ƴҲܹµϵķڣӦʲô汦Ҫˡ
һƱǱһʮҵĻӣɸݣЩ磬˫ȥѣһشΣˡ
̲ûͬȻⷬģҪˡ
ৣ
ƲûҪȥֵŲһƣֱӱǳŲȥҪܿ⴦
ܹʥǿߵ챦Բ򵥣ȻҪǣǵԼʵǷˡ
챦ȻˣȴֻһΣʵ֮󣬲û챦
ֻǣҲ֪ǲùɨϷˣвãһɽȵУ޴Ĳ֮£ȻϰǱƲǳֱǱˡ
ã
һͻŲͣסתҪȥ
ৣৣ
ƿɭӰǰ󣬵סȥ··

ϣƸܵһҰްȻоԼӦܹӦȴҲû
ϾԶϰмǿľǶԼ֣û޷롣
ֻ·
Щε˵Ҳ֪²ʹ˰ˣпԼᱻɱڣԣֻװơ

һ䵭˹ûʲôС
ȥ
վͬһƺֻҪа춯Ǳǻֺɱһ
úá
ɨһԶǴɽȣǷ֣Ѿ˺üһεĴˣиˣҲǴʥ磬ҲϢԼʱһŻɽ߽
վǱ߱ҶȻ
˵ģվϵһλ෢ߣ䣬в֮⡣
ġ
Ҫͣǣ෢ɫ䶯ʶȤıʮվһϾǿЦ
෢΢ϢܹȷߣĴɱҲ鵱ܹ޴в֮һ
ʵģĳĳԱģǵĿӦҲǴƵĹϽĳֶڣȴǱӦǴֻȸ
Լ⻹ù˲
Լһڡ
﷢ٵģҲֹԼһˣվģҲѾʮ֮࣬ǱЮ֣еĿɬеİգվҲҶ
ֻܳҵʱѰһȥˡ
дע⣬۽ǵɨܣҪҵһķʱͻơ
ǣεǣ⴦ɽܣպĸϢǿվƺǷֹԼܡ
ȥץһЩ
Ǹ෢߷ʱ˱ٴȥ÷ƲǣȻʱı˴ΧҶǴһɫ˹ңʮվһ飬ʱ˾ȻǷչʮ֮ࡣ
⾿Ҫ
ƵüͷͷһɲõԤС
Īˣ°ŰЩ˵ˣĿġ
Լȥ̽ɣ
뵽ȥɫ΢һ䡣
ҲһЩżĹ֣һЩΪ˼ԼʧǻץȡһЩΪ̽ͽ룬֪̽ǰ·
ץȥû
Ҷ鵱ٴʥˣ
ϵͳĻԺõķƸʱƽ
СӣԴǲ̵Դ
ţ
ԺӦɫûжĸı䡣
ٺ٣ǾͰĵĺǴһ˭˭˵أ
ԺڣϵĹЦЩЩ⡣
⻰ҲˣҲһĨ¶ģЩڴ
ҹɫˮȻǽˣΧľɫҲǣǹϵĲƽȴһЩϼ⽫񷶼Ⱦˡ
һǿĹƣӦ٣ٴʥ
һԣи°Űૣг̾Ϣ
ҲֻҪ̽һѣ˭֪ȴ˻ڡ
һ
٣٣Ѿٽʥ۷ˣ̶ֳȵǿߣ嵱УֻҲָ
ףԣϼ⾹Ȼڱǿѵ˵пǻĹŴʥ۷徳ǿĹ𣿡
п֮ʣӵĿڷ羹Ȼһת


1481 򵥵Ĺ
ĻԻͣԶʱڹ󣬱ĻǶʱ֮󣬲˵ǿߣ۾ǿ߶٣ÿһλǿһеܵУ
Ǿ͸Ӳ˵ˣǴʥ£ʥ۷壬ܹΪĵڣѰǳ֣ǵش¼ʥ۷ǿ߲Ż֡
ǣѾˣܹɹ췣ʥǿߣǸ
ڣЮַƵΧ˵ۣŵ˽⵽ⷽһΪ¸
˵¸ĸһλѾɹ췣ٴʥһҲǿߣҲΪĴڣ¸ŴΪ֪
ٴʥ
ƵɫЩ
˵ٴʥǶٴʥܹȡǶٴʥֻûа㷴֮
ģûġ
ϵο
öԴҲܹ֧һٵܵĹܣǲڻ¡
ڷ׼ɿʱǸ෢߷óһöֱ飬ʱΧ쳹һƿ֮תۼ䣬⴦ɽڱǸһˣ
Щ͵Ƿʥ۷壬붼Ǵʥ磬һС룬ƸӦΪ磬Ӧò͡
һʱ䣬һЮֶˣѾʮ֮࣬ҲǵЩЮֶ˷޷ƣԣ෢ɨһΧ֮󣬱ǶΧĸߵ˵ͷ

һ£ƵȻǱǰһ˲ڣƺƵĳŷȥ
ǰһƬư֮أΧݲȫһƬֻѿĻʯԼѵһЩƵĹϽģʲôҲûС
ҹɫ£͸һϢеĺƣЩ}ˡ
ңԽǽӽڵϺ߰İʮʬ壬ɭɭ̹ǣ׹˱һ㣬õһë
ΧѾʼɱˣҷۿȥϵǺɫѪвʬϱۣһѪζӣƵĲɵҲʱ׼
ʥ۷ıأ˵ʵǣЩֻۣǣЩ棬Щǰģʲôأ
ֻǴʥ۷ĹЩҲ˵Ĵ°ɣϾǰЩϽԻ͹ܹڴ˵Ĺ֤⴦ĹĲ
ͣ
һߵأ෢ٴ´ͣ
ǰһӴİȣڰȵм䴦ѿһѿڣȼΧĹ⻪Ǵ⴦ѿ籡ġ

貵Ĺ⻪˳һĶţ쳹ˮΧĿռ䶼ȼˣֱҹΪ˰磬ͨһƬ
ɨܣƱǷ֣ΧҲһЩӴĶ飬Լ٣Ȼһˡ
ǿȫŵעǵѷ죬⻪ڣԼ䣬ܹһ˸ĹŵϺȻ˸оһɻĹŵϢ
ڣѷ쵱УҲв˵ĴڣҪϵĹѰıأǣȴŶ룬෴ģЩѷ֮˵ĲϺ£ŵĹ⻪ӵҫˣ貶Ŀ
ף
Ժڣɻ
ôˣ
ʵ
Ǵŵ򵥣ֻ¡Ǵʥ۷ô򵥡
ϵд֮⣬Щء
Ǵʥ۷壿
仰вɵһ
ʥ۷壬ǲǴ𣿣
Ҳ˵ǰпܻһĹ𣿣
ĺȻ䶼ǱЩͷȡ
һ֮⴦ĹЩŹֻ֣£ʲô汦
ϵҲɵıЩԾԡ
ڿ˵ǶԷģϾһ״ʥۣܲᱻЩϣǲʱǱǻᣡ
ǣ俪ȴţˣ
෢ûʲôĶŷһڱЮֵ˵гŲɿܵζ
Ȼѷ쵱еˣֻ¶ҪЮֹģֻЩǺ俪ŵʲô⣬ΪЩʧ˴˾١
Ͼʥ۷֮˵ĹʲôֶΣٴʥ֮ˣֻҲˡ
Ƶˣв£ҲΨӲͷƤȫǴѷȥ
Умڰ;ʱҪ룬ǣȴǼٴʥ׾ֶѹĵķǣѪȾʬ޴棬ˣʮˣǽ뵽ѷ쵱С


1482 Ե

ϼʣҺһţ⻪ڵɫڣŵӳĪĴϣģһϢ¶˳
ˮĹ⻪֮ڣһѹ֮ɽһѹڷϣõһͣŹ⻪ӿ˳
Χһ˶ǱŷԼһռ䣬˹⻪ڡ
ֹ⻪ѵĳı֣
΢΢һҲһɫĹΣ˹⻪ɫĽ
ָоЩҺĹ⻪Դǵеŵ
뵽ѷ֮ǰĹŵΪˣĳΧƺһһǿҵѹȸУЩʥ۷壬Ǵʥˣ޷ӳȫܵѹƣͷоʯײĵ
ɣ
һϵĴʥǿ̾ϢһǼһⳤ߶ǿ⣬һɭĻߣײŵţϣſһõֻ̻ǣȴһ΢СĺۼҲû¡
󣬷ΧЩ˶ǳ֣ţĺ¡죬ϣһơ
ûа취ǲ俪ţôȫֻ·һֻк俪пܻ·ҲΨһ·

Ҳȡûù׼Ƽ䣬նŵĴš
ΣȴһҪƿģڵ켣ȺУʱͻ˭Ҳ벻
һֺԣƱǿŵϵĹ⻪ȻۿɼٶŨ˲٣ӵҫˣңɢѹƺҲţܵ£Ҫ³ͷһõķƶһļ¡
⾿Ĺ
ЩɨܣҪҳһЩڣ·ȴ޵ףһƬƺͨһ˵ڡ
ѵŵȻǴӵģ
µ㣬Ʋɵĵһ
ŵУоǿߣǽԼĹصУǵ֮£ñ˾Ĺ
൱ĿֲǾʤƾأ
ţÿһ½֮±ֻһ֧½Ҳ½ľ̶ֲȣ֪ǴʥˣӴᱻշ飬˵֮ˡ
ǰŵԵУôЩֲˣ
Ĳ˵ƾܹڵô֤꣬ʵ˹ŵĲʼΪʥ
ټܹŵһ㣬Ҳ˵ŵΪΪҲпܣǰһĹ
ʱֹǷһˣҲ뵽棬ǵڶǴһĨƽ
ۣڴ˵ĴڣĹ䣬صУ룬ֻ̾
ڣǾȻܹһĹĴڣ˵ѾĪĻԵˣ
ԣЩ˵ĹøӵˣҪ俪ţ֪أܹõ΢̤ʥ۷嶼пܡ
ֻǣ˵ĺ£ŵĴŷǵû෴ģ⻪ǱһһĪѹ˳ֱӾշ˼ʥǿߣѪ貵Ĺ⻪֮ڱЩ죬мʥǿӳѷ죬ȴԶЩԸ˸ɱֺ壬ѪõһЩԭҲҪӳȥǿͣ˽Ųڿ֧š
Ϊһϵе䣬Ҳõѷ쵱˵Ĺ仺
ҪõԵɲô׵飬۵ѹ˭ܹס
ŵУΪش£Ͷ㣬ܹأ½׷ָֹʥܹõģ
ʱܵѹԼϵǹ˵ѹԴЩյˣҲһ
ٹȥֻ£һľԼˣ̸ʲôȡԵ
λǲܼȥˣ
һʥ׵Լ˵
Ļǻ˵ϿɣԣСͣ˹һЩˣҲ󻡶ȵļңֵĴҲ
ô죿ЩһôܷŹǣ
һ׳ڳʵ
ȷǲŹǡ
߳˵ͷǣٹȥǶᱻŵѹշѹ֮£һȥһ
ʱ⻪֮ڣٶˣʥ˳һ룬ֻǷʥ۷壬Ҳһ֧
ԣǵҲ٣֣ҲҪñ׼
ӦţƬ̣ڹŵѹв£ٶ˾Ȼһ¡


1483 ŵ
ѷڣŵڹ⻪гƴģһĪѹõԶͷѹһʯһЩ٣ЩΪ͵ģɫҰף졣
ǾʱȴǷ֣ѷڵĹֹͣ
ৡ
һӰǴѷڿնվһ飬ѹѹһƬÿһ϶Ǵƣ
ΨһƴȻ·һ
˭Ҳܱ֤Լܹ뿪ΨŽһ˿ϣΪЩΪҪԼʧЮǣƴٶҲôױģҲҪһĴۣ
ڶģЩԸ⸶ۣ
ȻҲҪһ²⵽ǵĹ֮󣬸Ҳƽ
ĹԲڵԼܹȾָģ֪֮еģ
ʲô
ԶӪжǴŭըʣռ䶼ƺЩ𵴡
ǲѣ
Ǹʥһ㣬д֮
ԣһӺƴˣ
ģһ汳ľֵˣ
ɣˣǣ
˷׷Ӧɷڳ壬ʯ֮⡣
һӻһȫǱ˳ԵĹѾǾ·Ψһƴˣ
壡
ߵһ£붯һȥƴƾϯǹƣҲΪģõûֻǼٴʥּΣȴǱ˵ֵס֮Ȼû˼ټ˵ѣõǳΧ
ǵϵУ
ЩڳʧĻôҲҪЮôǰˡ
ͻ֮ЩȥˣˣȴǸʥһ
ȻǺȡҪͶߣ
δΣǲö֪ˣΪһͬѾȥڷϹڸ£ҲһƵĽ֮£ͫңĶ̬
ûãҲΪϵʱ̫˻ЩҲǲǰԣܿʹһµЭ顣
¡¡
֣һƥѷ쵱УڹŵĴϣը⻪ܣĵ涴һټĿڲס
ˡ
Щĳڣŵһ⣬貶ĿһһĴڣ˲ֱӣңֱӳѷ죬ڰ֮ϡ
̣
⻪죬ųϼ⣬ֱӳ֮ϣҹĻȾһƬͨͬʱһĪϯ˳Χ澡飬ԶӪڣ˶ǱɣһЩûдﵽʥģǿѪ˳ȥЩֱըЩٴʥĴڣɫҲÿڿĵⳡ籩Ϯ
Ĺˣ
ĻԶķҲһĨ𺳵ɫ
ŵɣǴӻĹʱն˸оһʱĳеĲɣϢ
ӨĹŵϣвɬѶ·ÿһΪԾɸһ㡣
꣡
ƿΪߴӰ⴦߿֮ϣƴ󣬱ŷΧľ綼Ǳ뿪
Ȼˣƶˣ֮ϣ£Ȼٴʥĳ̶ȣⷽİ
ŵеƶ˶Ͳסˣ׷
ʵһʼǱжˣٶһ׼۵ĹȻпܻǴ֮Ĺ
ϾܹĹеģԻ־ǿߣ
ǳ˸޷ĻԵĹ䶼ûдٻأΣҲǽˮ¥̨ȵ£Ȼûǵķݡ
ȫ
ƶ˵£ˣȫ֡
䣡
λٴʥʮλٴʥǿߣ֣е貵Ĵţǲõ̻ĹУһը֮£ŵĴţȻǱһ΢Сϸ졣
ţһɽֲǴһ˿ϸ쵱嫺ӿҵı˳ϯ˷˶ǸƼĵ˳ȥƶҲ⣡
УǱſϰٶʺʻϰ䵱УշѪ
壡
籩δƽϢ֮˱㶼ŹŵȥΨ
ɱǴһ̿ʼˣ˭öԷȵǣһȥ


1484 ɸ
ΰĹŵǰ⻪ҫۣɷ죬Ǵһ֮ս˶֣Ϊ⴦صĹŵ˵̫ҪˣпܻǸıԺһ
ҵĹâ˸񷶼ڲţݺɱӿŵǰսˡ
ɱǳңÿһǰ˶ܵ˵ĺӶûһܹڣӵʱ䣬һеһλٴʥǳǰǽڽڰˣ֧һƥţ֧飬Ѫ罦ȥʱ򣬱ǱŰľʳƬʬ޴档
νϣڴʱҲΪЦΨǰΨһ
ƶԶۿһеķɫͫڣûж
Į̫ˣϵ˻һĻһûа
СӣóԴ
ϵĺǳڹŵ俪һϸ֮ǴţԴ뵽˶ͷ֮ڣǷ⣬񳹣пֲֻǣԶѾ˻ҵеˣȴûע⵽ߵĶ̬
尡
󷽣Ҳӳɶ˻һĳŹŵȥҪڣûԵ
ǣϣõģʵȴǺܲпᣬһЩʥΪǿߣڱԵشǱɵǿҲз϶ˣһЩ״ʥٴʥǿ߳˹ȥõԭҵĳӵĻɱ죬ĺֱӾһį}ˣѪ죬λƶˣһǰǻȫƣ֮ˣܽڡ
ŵ⻪ҫۣ˭Ҳûע⵽ŵ֮ϵЩ·ΪΧЩನĳӵĹˣŵպնңһ·ӳһɹĪΧĿռ䣬ˮһһЩΪˣֻҪΧ֮ڣͻᱻֱӽ顣
ã
ԭϼƻãҪҳȥķƣһ䣬Ҳͣ˽Ų෴ģŸԶȻȥ
ģǿҵԤУֻŵǱ濴ȥô򵥣ڣŵƺЩԼ
ҲȷǴеĹŵôԵ޹ʵıǴӵ
ڣڻɣһжΪŵ֣һ˿϶ǹŵΪ֮ΪģҪЩɱ
ѵŵڻлﲻɣ
ޱȵ𶯣˿еԵǰҲȥһۣҪ
ʱеСðͷſͷңԶĹŵ˫ʯھȻ¶˼ɫ
Сӣͣ£Ҽˣŵ봫˵һơ
ȴǺסдһĪļ

΢Ż˽Ų
š
ϵЩƺǼʲô˼һãǻ˵ŵڹʷֹΣʱҲΪǵĹ꣬ʵǣڹżϵǡɸ
ɸ
ƵĽŲֱΪֶͣҲ͸¶һĨ㵵ɫ
ɣǾϵĴڣϣ֮ϣ
ֹܹҹĶԲ򵥣һ׮Ե
û
صĵ˵ͷҴЩ˵׼ȷ˵һǣÿγֵʱȴԵʽ֣ԣǱ֮ΪɸǣɸڵֻضʱڲŻ֣ƺΪƺΪؾ⣡

ƻͷɢ貹âĴ
ôһ˵ƵҲмֿˣ
ϾԲܴ˳õ£Ψͨ飬ҳ䣡
˵ɸҲΪˣ
Զʱڣһλ֣Ҫշɸǣȴûгɹ
ϴŸп˵ţȴõķƻȵ΢΢һ
ֶշˣ
࣬Щܲˡ
ǿشһεĴڣµ˿ƥУ
ǣŵȻշˣôƾԼôܹշ
ǰ
ƺҲЩɻ󣬲ȴҲ͵ҲΪλԣһԣΪ֪ɸƣΪλҲշŵԲȡ
ɸƢ𶼿ϣѵҸ񼶵˲ɣ
ƿȻŵŨȤ


1485 
Ϊӵġ˵شܣ֮󣬳˵
ôһ˵ȻȣȴҲ֪֮ûȾָ֮ġ
Զǿ߶޷շ˵ûܹǿ˵ǿҲ޷ӳܣʱֻ»һڷѣ
СӣǲշŵУҲλһִУ
˷ƻей֮⣬ϱǿš
ⲻܣʱλ£ǰһ˭ܹŵУпܣܹڹŵڵһִ֮
ִУ֪
ңΪҲԲԣضʲô
⡭
ɫһͣЩĿ֮⣬૵˵˵⴦ŵܹ൱Ĺ
оЩڸЩȡ
ȻԵ㣬ʥϣǲ٣ǣһȼĴУȴ΢΢ûС
ЩһΪһλһ룬ƾѪ֮ǿܹ£۷壡
ɼ𴫳жôľˣֻ£ɸϢһǻǿߵĿӣʱ򣬾ⲻһҡ
û
ϵĻУҲһĨļǣ⴦ɸӵʶûڸõܹȾָ
ڹʷ֮мأʱϢ֮󣬱һȳȴܹѰɸټгȻ𣬶޷Ѱٳڡ
бҲˡ
ǰĴԵλᣬҲԼһ޷ɸˣ
ΪɸȻֹΣǣ൱һ֮á
ݼأϴɸڻĹʱڡ
ϼ˵ţЩģ˵Ҳ֣ÿһɸдҪÿһζˡ
£
ͷˮЩ⡣
ҲǶң
ص˵ţңÿһΣǴңԶң
˵һЩʣõķƱǽȵЩŹֵ˵ɸǳ˶֮
ˣʵĳ֣һʱ٣ʱڣĹʱڣΪɸĳ֣ǿ߲¶ʢ
仰ԺһԣӢۣǿߣڶҵбƳģʱĸ߹෴ģÿһλӵһΪڰľҲΪв˾ĳɾͣ
̫ƽʢڣȻʥ۷֮ˣǺ٣İҲÿ꣬òһܹͻ߲ɾ۷塣
Ҫ𣿡
ȫȻûа⣬ںһĨֻȵս⡣
һǻ£˵ÿһһڹʷУ£ȴѱʧµĳӵУ
Ҳһܻ۾֮ˣ
ƺָҲƺЩڴ
Ĺʱ֮ǰҲһƽ͵£ǣڴ֮ʱǿ߲Ӣڵʱ˾޵һʣ
˶Ϊǧ޷۵ʱ򣬾Ȼһλۣ
ô죿
Żж

ŵΧɱĺܲңһֱû̶̵ֹͣʱڣѾкüٴʥʥǿߣ֪ĿƺģҪŵûԵ
ͽͶѡ
ǷһĨЦ̬̾ǰûԣֻбԡ
Ŀ⣬ȴһֱڹŵ֮ϣ۲䶯̬
ˡ
ŵܵĳ࣬Ĺ⻪Ǹӵ貣һպգȼڵ񷣬ΧһһƬͨ
⻪ˮһĴӹŵϴΣΧĿռ䶼䲨š

֮һһٴʥڳΧ˹ŵǰȴ⣬һ⻪ȻֱշһѪʬ޴棬ֻüһҽѡ
֣ͣ
һĻƶ֮һӿʱǴһףҰ
ֱʱΧ˲ǸܵһĪѹ˳һľϯÿһ˶һԵѹƶҲˡ
ѹõȵ΢˹
һλϱѹշˡ
˵ţʱľ
ƾѹܹշٴʥȷЩֲľΪƶ˵ˣҲи


1486 ŵ
ŵǰʱЩ죬һɱȴڹŵв£ͣ
Ϊŵʵ죬ųֵʱʥ磬ܹӽڣȴٴʥᱻӳѹշ
ɼɱȥҲڶԼ·ʱ򣬱˵ŵУǽӽܶ
㣬΢һ˼㶼ôһǣŵţҲŴһ˿ܽˣǰƿ
һѡƶ˶ǳĬˡ
ΪǶϣԷȽŵԣõǽΪѡ
ҿŵţҲôô򿪵ģ磬һͬǰ
Ǹģƶٴ顣
ȷŵŹϢǣҲ޷ԣ
ԥƶˣҲĬˣ˻ͷͬٶȽӽŵͬʱҲСķˡ
ԶĻķƲɵһļȴȰ
ȷǹŵĴţôô򿪵ģȻĴвͱ˵ȥˣ
ңֻǾŵҲܹλĴУܹշ
䣬ƶ˱Ѿ˹ŵڣƺƵĹ⻪ϯҲǸһɾ޴ѹõǲòʩչֶε
ˣҲĳ˴ʱҲɣǸԿһһÿһԵļΪѣӿȫѹ
ৣ
ʱһʮģƶһĨâͻأģһӰŵŴ
ã
ƶ˼Ȼƿʱɫ䣬ȫǰ̡
ĹĴҵˣ
˸˷ܣΪ⣬ϴһĨľϲ֣ǳŹŵѾһ˿Ĵץȥ
˲䣬ϵЦǽϵһ㵣ͬʱ˱ǵ˳ȥֻץŵֱۣը飬Ѫ졣
ôܣ
߿ڽѪŹŵĿ⣬ǻȣĿ־壬ǿһͷֲԶһ
¡
󷽣ƶѾǰش˿û飬˫˫֣ȫһը쵱УֱӱƬ
ٴʥô׾ٵǰˣõĺ֮˶ЩĿɿڴ֮⣡
Ƭ߼Ĵڣ׵䣬õǶЩܲˣ͵ϮֵƶˣҲǺһĨ벻⡣
֮䣬ಢ󣬶ңԵ˵Ҫˣ˷ϮҲֻҪش߶ѣȴû뵽ֱӽɱ
ȥ˶֣ϲǣȴɻͬʱĿⶼǿ˹ŵ
⴦ŵйŹ֣
ˣƺһеԵɶǳŵ棡
õҪǰǣһʱȴԥ
ΪǵΪҪѷߣԼǰֻ³Ҳòȥ
ʱʧ֮󣬺󷽣Ӫٴڵ֮еķ𷴻еӴܣõԭƽĳ棬Ϊң
ƶȴûлͷ˼һۣٴСĳŹŵ
ŵԽ棬˵ڸžأ
ԣ֪о޴ΣգҲҪһԡ
ֻǣһΣǲûļǸʩչģƶˣǴһźףȫװ
飡
˱ǱƷ˳ȥ˫ֶѪ죬ϵĺףȻҲѿһѷ죬ֱӱȥ
ڣǺȻɫڽӴŵʱǸܵһɿֲǲԼֿܹģܹ׵ĽԼշ
ĻԶķƣɫҲǳ
ٴʥ޷ӽŵԼܾǶٴʥһӽ⻪ıԵǾͻᱻշƬ˰ɣ
зڣʱ򣬽ӽûģֻǣҪȴţֻ²һ򵥵飬Ҳûаġ
֮ƶˣȻҲûȾָ֮ģٽŵ⻪Χվš
Сӣ׼ã
ϵڷԺֱ
ڳ֣
һֻǴһ˿Ĵţüͷһ
ڲ֣ԺûгֵĻˣɸЩˣӦҲжʱ򣬱˵㣬Ǵ壬ҲûΧʸ񣡡
µ˵š


1487 Ů
ŵ貣һһ֮ϣޱȵҫۣ˲ֱӣ⻪ԶԶȥһɸһƼİ硣
ֻǣȴû˽ӽ⴦ŵˣΪƶˣҲˣ⵽صķɣѰˣӽŵԣ֪ǰأҲֻ̾
꣡꣡꣡
ʱƿ쳹һ绮ʣһʺ磬ϣŹŵжǡ
д٣
״ʣɫһ䣬ЩҰףƶҲͬˡ
ǺףڣѾ׵ʧȥŵʸˣ
꣡
һλͬˣгǿ߸Ŀһ£ǹŵ
ѵǰˣ
ģƶˣɫ԰ף
˵أΪĶ򣬵شﲩڴ˶ӵ𶥼һΪʥأڶΪԶңʸ
߶ʢɲ⡣
ʥأţǰʥصͣռһشԲŴ˰ʥزҵ
ʸңǳһλ𣬵ʱ£֮ʸҵѾǣµĵ̣ȴʸǿʢΪĶ֮һʥذԾӶİ
ԣµ˴˶ģһ۹ŵǿʼ롣
ⲻǿƥеģǻûԵҲ޷ЩȻ⣡
Ҫ֪磬ܹ֮ΪǶĴڣҲָ޼
ԣǰʥأǻʸңܹǵġ
ǰӦǶ쵽Ĺ⻪ܸ棬ĹֵһˣҲˣǵĵ̲һֱ񣬿ɲѰ˵õһλԵܹԽġ
ȵȣ
ϵûô٣෴ģɢһĨƸ
ȻǰҲõ˼ɡ
Ӧгһǰ
ϵԺ쳹֮⣬ƺڹЩʲô
ʦô죿
һҲЩʧ䡣
ǶǰôѾûлˣȻǵ˵嶼пܻᱻֱĨ
ʵ̵ģ
£
ϳȥûٴ
ȷǰԻִʱŻзƵĻᡣ
ϾڹŵĴŶû򿪣ҲûоԵܹ֮ǰȴӦò⡣
Զ˶Ϊǰ˵棬֮ʲôΪ˭֪磬ȭͷ˵㣬Ƿǵ棬Ʊֻ·һ
һ̳绮ʮˣ¶һƥޣǳųƣȻʮ˶ѣȴǧ񷶼ڲ޾콫ɱˡ
У˺˻ռ˳һɱ죬Щޣÿһ£Ƿըװ죬ضҪ̤һ
ЩǺ֣ӵǿѪǵoĺᡣ
ڹŵǰͣһ£һÿһ˵ɫǴű˪ںһĨ⣬£ǰƣõԶ˺ŻžηĿ⿴ǡ
ʥغôļӣ
ʱ򣬴һһƬռ¡¡죬׾ڹ񷶼ѹһ
ʣⷽԶŴҡʸң
վǰģһѩף϶ƣϵ貵ϼ⣬ΪƴˣһԶoһԶ˶һǿҵѹõ˶ֱ
ߣվһӰϣΧϼӿǸŮһɫȹƮ裬Ƽ˷ȥһ㡣
һŮӣչǳһ·һ֡
ˣƼĶˣŮǰﶼǣǰŮӣȴҲȷҲһ˿覴
ȻҲ˵ĳףʳ˼̻Բλĸо·һǰҪȻʧɫ
˾Ůӿʮͣڷ裬Ľëˮ촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬˸оϾ޹˵
ģòǾΪ


1488 ֮
ʥ𣿡
΢ɨһɫŮһۣ𶯡
ŮϵȻ֮£෴ģܵһǿҵΣ
΢һ˼Ȼˣ
ɫȹŮӣԶҡʸҵӵܣֳĵ£ӵֳɾͣƺҲΪ
Ͼؼ䣬ɲֻԼһܹӵֻЩӽӣиֻԵ츳ϣֻ±Լֻ߲ͣԼûӵоϣֻǱ⣡
˵ԼܹڶʱӵΪѾ漣ˣԼЩţ
ļ壡
ƵЩ𶯣ƽ
ܹһλʵѾ˵ѪĲټĵ̣ʸ벻ǿᶼѣ
ԣʷϳֹļζңԶҡʸּǴԽԽǿ
ʱϵŮǳЦʱţãϵնʧȥɫʡ
ھͬʱһĸоŮ̫ʵˣƻã޹аŮ١
Ʊϣ˵ɫȹŮӣϣҪʤŮ֣ڤǰŮᲢۡ
ҲǾ̾ѣ԰ŮҲܹ̬ȻֻǴһͶѡ
Ůһķ羰ߣ
ǸɫȹŮ֮ʱǼһĨͣʱˮڣһĨɫ
û˼ܹһƽ̬ûбԼɫȻȣֵطȻ̬֮ˡ
ҲһۣջĿ⡣
Ƕ԰ʥصɫȹŮ֮󣬶¶صɫ
ֲԼ̵ңǲɣҲţ⴦ŵĻԵԼһܹˡ
ƾʵᣡ
ڰʥӪУһλ׷ԲԵ߿ڣ³֮Ұ
ΪƬİԱ˴ҲΪ˽⣬ֻһЩС£ǲܿսġ
Ͼ˫ʧ󣬶ңҲƴп̳ܵΪһ
λߣͬҲһλӣڣſµϢһ־ѹƺµλߣӵг޷츳ʵ
ȻӣɫȹŮӣʵصֻԵȻҪøֺȥȡܹӵǿϣߵľ磡
ʸɨһۣҲû˵ʲôĿֱӾͶ˹ŵ֮ϣ䣬ԭЩǵڱǱһĨ˵⣬оŵ죬ȻƣҲĳλo֮Ĺ
һۣǿ˹ŵĲֻǣΪûӴҲ¿϶жϡ
һ֣ͬҿţ
˫ܿǴ˹ʶʱϱǱһֲϢѹĵϵ˵ЩĶѪǱĳԶ롣
ǷƣΪܱ¶ϣҲòٴ˺һξ룬һƵĽڣۿŹŵĶ̬
䣡
һҵը񷶼ˣ˵ڣضڻζţƺҪ߸ֱ⣬ͨأǻɽ緢һ㣬޾Ĺ⻪ӿȵľϯǺХһ˷ȥ·ЩƵĽﶼǱ飬ЩΪˣǸƼһ㣬ֱƷ˳ȥѾ˵㹻ԶȻܵ˲
ԶоȣȻѾĺԶǣҲܵ˳ɽʯ䣬ڵǴƽֱӱݻ٣ӵֻҲЩǿһܵˡ
ŵܵ˿ֲĺȴڰ֮ϣΧĹ⻪ǵûȥ෴ģ貶ĿɢѹӵıõǾ쵽쳣
֣ͣ
ʥصʸҵǸͬʱڣֹ˼
ϻƽֻʣ貵Ĺŵճƴϯõ˶ľ
̫ǿˣңˣǸܵһɵѹ
ָоǲ֪Ѿжûиܵˣǣڴ˵صһŵϣȴѹɼŵѰĹô򵥣
ԣⲻĹ
ʥصǸ߾ȻĴһĨڡ


1489 ɸ
ŵ⻪ҫۣǰҵĳ¾Ȼ˿δ෴ģƸʢΪģһһ嫵õĻʸʥص˶ЩĿɿڴ֮⡣
ĹȻǣÿʮǻᴫеĹϢԣڵĹǻЩ˽ģȻֲޱߣҲԲ졣
ǵĹ
ʥصǸɫѿжϣĲƽ
Ϊ뵽һֿԡ
ѵǴ˵еġɸ
˿̣ʸҵǸҲɵĳоǾ𺳡
ԻʸңҲԲܺɸĴڣ
ȻʸҵλһЩˣ޾£Ϊҵĳ棬Щ̶ζãǣ̣Ҳ޵ģһΣҲһΣҪ棬ǲƲѣ򲻻ᶯġ
ɸһλһУǵõʸңʥȶҲǶһ̣
֣캧ˣ˶ƽɫȹŮӣڰӶǶݣڳȵĹâ
֮ӣԺǽؼߣ𴫳УǽһܹѹͬףΪ
ȫ򿪵ţ
ڵӿдȻ󣬵ǣȴһֲΥζڡ
ҪõĴУ
ɫȹŮɽˮΪǣᵱУȴҲһָһȵζ
䣡
죬ӵйؼããһƬǴĿĹâ޾Եڳ嫵ľӿŵǷһ㣬ĩգ˻Ϣ
еȫ˳⴦û˸ͣ
ʸҵλʥصߣǽϵĳ֣ǵӲŵţֱǳ޹⣬Ƭضڲ
޾µľ磬˷ȥΧһƬƣضˡ
Ҳ֪˶ã˶֪˶ٴΣſŵĴٴƿһ˿С죬ʱһɸΪֲǱӿ˳УһЩΪ˶ǱƷ˳ȥߣԱŷһߵɫȹŮڵӱӻסߵɫҲЩء
ΪҪȹŵĴţɲô򵥣ʷϳ˼Σд۳֣Žŵų״򿪣ǣҲûоԵܹ֮򿪡
ۣѲ棬ʥΪҲ¶ûܹٴδŵˡ
ֻǣͬԵĴУûԸλӽҲǱűص֮ģԸ˷
ֻ¡ҪȹŵĴţô򵥡
Ҳɵ̾Ϣһ
ɸҲֻǴԲһЩż濴йļЩࡣ
ϾЩȻǸʱһֱڣڸּŵļأҲѰܹģҷǳ֮ϸɸҲ⡣
⻰ƵüͷҲɵһ壬ԶԶĹۿжĴû
ǻʸҵǰʥصߣǾǿ󣬲ܹ˵ģ춯Լ·һ
ˣ
̾һ
Ȼģǣʱ㣬ܹǿߣΨзˡ
䣡
ʱٴηƣеıŷհĹԣƺƴκˣϯҵײڹŵŹ⻪ĴϣʱǱŷһǾըضڸһ󶯵
ꡭ
𶯣һϼӴڱĴȥ
ͨ鱦
˾ڶǺȵĹâ
ɸֹΣоǿڣȻûãǣһһЩԵڣˡ
ʱ𶯣Щͨ鱦Ǵܡ
˿̣֣߳Ҳ֣ץЩϼ⣬һʱڣ쳹һЩϲĺ
Щϼⶼǲͨ鱦
ȻҲһЩϼ©˷Ҳûȥ׷ϣΪ˭Ҳ֪ŵлжٵı
һʱڣҲΪЩͨ鱦ᣬÿһϼ쳹ҽ֮ײϡ
꣡
һɫϼ⣬һβͣŷǣ֣ץУʱһϢǴתõһ
һָ̣ͨӨתһǲ֮


1490 ŵ
ৣৣ
ڷƴϸһöָʱΧƿ쳹ʮӰжһɷ죬ǲơ
ָǷĶ֮ЧǴϣԺ°빦
ǣ
ѾӽƸûжԥֱӱǽָ׳һߵһӣˮߡ
öָãǣȴǲ뱩¶ʱָͳõѡ
ȻҲǷȻҲöָˡ
õģں棡
ûȥᣬǾԭأĿѾ˽һָĵϣ
ʱǹŵǰǺ󷽣նˣЩЩӹŵڱͨ鱦ġ
Щͨ鱦ǲΪǰǲʣ췽ϸ̶ȣڵʦܹġ
ϾڹʱܹŵеһŴһȻҲС
Щͨ鱦ʸҵʥص߶¶ϲɫ
ΣǵջΪʢģҲǽˮ¥̨ȵ£׬˸ӯЩͨ鱦ĵӣѿǡ
ڵɫȹŮӣȴٳ֣ƺЩǰıҲǲмһˡ
ڵȴţȴŹŵŵĿȴĴУ
ǲǵĿ꣬ǵ˼Ƿ棬ԣʱûȥЩͨ鱦
Ҳ֪㣬ΪбǰԣǵĹһֱûֱͣҵĴ¡죬ضҡ
ֻǣȴһֱûжЧŵĴŹӲһ˿˿򿪣Ŀֲõľ
ˣ
ŵζ쵴һعƺΧһ壬֮¶
ԶվһȽƫԶĵطĿţģȻʶĴƺһ
ڣУڱһ·ڴʱȻһӨЩ·һ棬ɽˮޣи顭Щ棬ģǹһoķԼ䣬ƺЩޣΧѾںΪһ塣
˼ڴ˿̣Ҳȫĳ˽ȥڣֻԶһŵĴڣƺѾŵ϶Ϊһ
ĸоõЩ޷԰Σεء
һĻ˭ҲûпҲû˻עһС䣬ǣ쵴ķȴǻӣ˳ߣԶĹŵ졣
ŵǰ⻪貣޾ĹԽӳһƬͨ񺣷߸硣
ⲻ֪Уһ˿˿ӿŵ쵴һ塭
ʱͻ
䣡
ŵȻһضƺڴ˿ֹ̾ԭһ˿˿ĵţҲһ쵱ֱӱպϣͬʱһĪϯضǸųߣҲ޷ٱԼΣ˳š
˵䣬õ˶¶һĨ㵵ɫУһЩ˹ɸصĵǣҲͬˡ
Ϊеּϼأɸ˵䣬ȻԶرմ򿪵ĵţʵǰδе顣
ô£
ŵ䣬ʸҵҲͣ˹ͷԣŹŵ
ǰδУżûмأǣǹŵֽš
ʥص߿ૣҲǳ˲ȷ
չżϵļأɸÿγֵʱ䶼᳤֮ãһ£ֻǣȴûܹĴл߽ɸɱ
δ֪޷֤Ĳ򵥣ֻܹпܻΪһֲ
ˡ
Ȼ֮ʣŵ䶯ȻתƴķһǬת䣬貵Ĺ⻪磬ܣһɼֲľ磬ƺضתУһЩΪĵӣǰѳֲסΣֱӱ˳ȥˤԶף޴档
ڶ㵵Ŀ£ŵת֮ʱȻۿɼٶڻıС
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãеģԭһĹŵʱȻǱֻаƴСͣһ⣬âһڡ

߲΢һ˵϶Ǳһɿֲƣң˶һ֣ƴСĹŵ̽ȥ


1491 ץס
ֻ֣ǿ磬ſֲ͵Сץȥ
ʱֻаƴСĹƺ˿ûԤϵΣ٣Լ䣬쳹һϸ΢
䣡
ֻͬʱץײһ𣬶ʱǱŷһը緭嫺ϯ˷һƬͨ
䣡䣡䣡
󣬻ʸҵʥص߶γ֣мضΪң貵ĹâڸһУ˿Сټǹĺ
ŵǰδе䣬жЩ𶯣ΪƿŵʱҪСƿԼУ
Ժŵ˵ܹӵСڵٴһΣпܳΪͷ
ΪŵλĴУܹһλ
һʱ߼ڸ߿֮ϴս׵˺Ƥֶᣬȫûֵ˼
ˣ
ͻȻһһ嫺Ź⺣оϯŭڿХǻʸҵˣǰʥصˣһҰ׵ȥɫȹŮڵӣһϯ˳ȥҲܵӰ졣
ҵĹâǹ⺣бӿҫ۾嫺Īɽһӿ⵱Уһ𲻹ǰƴСĹŵ˳ǿʢĿĹâƺСŵӿģΪɲ
ˣ
ĻζһּΪص̣н࣬һɰ嫵ϯ˷Χƺӳһ塣
ãҪˣ
ɫһ䣬ǺܺÿٴγץŵͬʱҲ˷
ʸʮˣгһŹֵͣϣԶǼԼŷһĪ
䣡
ֻ֣̽ŵҪ֮ץΪУץŵͬʱҲڻƴš
ʥصҲΧϣڻʸߣŨƵƵ֣ʸ˵͡
¡
ʱһɲǼ䱬˶˳ȥߣҲܲסɿ񱩵ʸʮ˵ֱͣӱ壬ѪмվǰģֱǱţ󱻽Ѫȥ
ʥҲͬʧأкü˱飬ڷɫѩףɳȥ˰ԶȶסΣǿǣҲܵһĴˣһȻĿڷ籩ĵĹŵ

ͻأģһƿ쳹ƴСĹŵǷ籩ĵһϼ⣬ǰ㳯Զ׹ȥ
ã
һһභһȴŵץȥ
ֻǣȴͽͣŵӵһɼֲǵ黯Ĵָˣ˼ʥصӵԶ
ȻǷڣ
ৣ
ĹŵԼλλۿ˶ǿٵĳ˷䣬Ҵ
ǸղſǿʸʥصĴﶼˣ죡
ƣȴһֱվɫЩͣԺڷ쳹Ϣһ̣Ŀ⣬ǷĹŵ֮ϣȻûа֮⣬ϼٵҲĺţǾȻһĨǳǳĻȡ
䣡
ŵײ޾Ĺ⻪ûڣܹײһеĹŵֱײڷƵͷ­֮ϣңû˽ȥ
ӣ
һ𣬲ǻعʱԺڱһ쳹ܵһǿʢӶͷϱŷڣܵһǰδйǿ󣬶תƣһĪЯԶȥûзӦʲô飬Ѿӵǧ׿⡣
ǡ
׷·ϵߣĻҲɵһͣ͸¶һĨŵɫǼʲôһ
ѵǸշɸ
ʸҵһĪĵ׷
ɸûа취շ񱦣ѵôǸò˸ˣ
ⲻܣǡƿշŵط
ʥصҡͷ˸ţͻأıǱ
Ҳȷշ˵񱦣ΨƿķŲп顣
ץס
жֻһͷĴڣ


1492 Ǳ
߿ϣɫȹŮӣڵӶЩĿ֮⣬ƺӦ϶Ǳһ˵âţһӰ׷ȥ
򶼷ˣȻƤ˹ŵͬǵȨǱ֪ĸҪĨƽأ
ĵ̣ͬ죬һܹģǽһ½ϵǿ壬Ƕĵ˵һˡ
̻̣ȻȴҲУ»ܵǣһЩµĸֱӶӳⷽ򣬲Ҿô
˽֪Ϊ飬Ƭܿǻᷢһˣ

һ֮䣬Ѿȥ˺Զһǰʡ
ꡭ
һڿգ׷ȥƬڵĵڲúǳȥֻʣһƬƲĴأ֤һش顣
ܵ׷Ҳ֪ûʲô飬ƺһã״̬У֮󣬱˷ϵ
˿̣ҲʲôҲʣһУɷڲٿţżҲʲô
ǷϣֻǽԻ߳Ƭˡ
Ƿʲô飿
ڷƵһĨãȻɫǺ޲ץסԼƤߣǲ⡣
ΪԭŵǻὫעԼأ
Щ벻ס
˰
ʱʥصʸҵζըˣͫڷԳѪ˿Ǵޡ
ƴƴȻ˱ˣܹģ
ֻǣǰٶȼ죬ǣһʱҲ׷ϣҪǣʱǣǱŵԸӲȫ
ŵ󱬷̫ǿˣҲܵһĴˣ˿ҲĲƽ죬ܵˣʵ󽵡
Ǹǰʥصĵ̡
֮󣬻ʸҵϵ¶һĨصɫüͷҲɵ෴ģʥصǸߣȴ¶ϲɫ
Ϊߵķ򣬾ȻǳŰʥأʱֻҪʥصķΧľͶ
λǰǰʥڣĪ룬Ȼ֮ӡ
뵱Уһƶڣõɵһ
ʥأ
һתͷͫһɨۼ䣬Ǽһžӳ¶Цա
ǻʸǸɫȹŮӣ

üͷһţɫȹŮӻкģԼǰǰʥأҲǺܲԼⲻ뻢Ѩ
ʦתƷλǰʥصĵ̣
Ժš
ߣΪҲ֪𣿡
쳹ЩƽȣƺҲǷĵ£ȥģǰʥأ
̶̵仰֮󣬱ûϢȻЩ⣬ȴҲûжʡ
ţϲẦԼ
˾٣ȴõԶɫȹŮü΢΢
뵽˰ʥصĵ̣ǻʸҿǺܲģһĶʥҲʸһЩ棬ǣŵ񱦣ǾԲܻõģ෴ģǽ룬ǻΣգпܻܰʥ֮˵Ϯɱ
䣡
ڽӽʥصʱһһͷ͵ײ˵£ټ
ڵĵصףһɵɫϰȻǸһΧΪһĸоԣǴڵ£ȴˮڵУ˿ûܵκε谭磬֮û˿ĺۼ
䡭
һ쳹Ϣϣʸʥصˣײ˵棬ʱزѿһɲĺۼɽʯ飬ľ١
ǾһĵϴһĴ󶴣ڴУ׷ŷơ
ʱƺڶǣĴߣƺûнʥص̵˼
Ƿϵƣƿԣԣڵ£ٶҲû˿ļʱһ꣬ƺҪһΧѾҽĴڣһǻ̾ᣬΪˡ

ûκԥģϾȻǴŷֱӾһҽУҽڴţߡ
ǰһУǻɫһܹһе¶ȰõЩϢǱͨһƬ
粢ǰ½ڲͬļ̶̳ȣµҽǼΪɲǷԼҽоԲɡ
Ҳ֪ڵ˶ãʱʱֻҽڣͣһӨŷƣǱڵص֮£ΧһƬڡ


1493 
һգ򲻵ðȻ춯̻̲ð󣬾һ֮󣬲֪ԭһΪĹĹŵΪ֮˷һ๥֮󣬾ȻǱһƼݵӸˣ˰ʥص֪١
ϢһһƬ
ʸʥأʲôĴڣڶǷǳڣȴ˸ȥ仢룬ⲻò˵ҪܴУԣƬ˶ڲƼݵӾʲô
ǿΪ䣬ûеԣ˵ôȭͷ˵㣬Ļǵ
ʸʥأԶһֱ̾ڶⷽϼϺõԴȡӶᣬǿ۵ģСлᡣ
ԣò˵ЩСڴҲǴʹ죬ҲһЩҪ󴬣ѰţֻҪһ˿紵ݶǻһ˷ӵϣ
ȻΪֺһҲԼС˼
ܹȻƿˣô˵Լܹƿŵ
֮˿Լ㣬ܹãǴ߳ǰĵ򣬻߸ɴ뿪綼ǿԵģ
ϾܹﶯݵԲ򵥣Щ˲²ŵ䲻ǵĹô򵥡
ΪЩ˵ĿУЩȽϹϵŵһ˿ͬѰζԹŵ쳣ǴŵеġɸǺΪƣ
ټϴʱ˵ĽţõǽͷӵеĲɣʱһɹɰԭѾҵĳӿ
ɸʲôֻҪˣ˵ɸ֮ʱͷǳֹ˵ɸҪԣûܹԣһЩǽ˵һλᣬһĻᣡ
ֻǣε̽飬أҲҲǸƼݵӵ٣·ѾƾʧһӰ١
ֻһʱ䣬ѲҲһֱûͣ෴ģѵĸ㣬ĵ

صһʯֹͣˣҲɼһɼӨ⣬һжΣû¶˿
ЩҲǰȫΪзϵıӻ˾ߣҲҲ٣һڵص֮µ㣬Ӷ䣬ȻڼȻٴβ㱻ҵȴǰ֪
˿̣ٴα仯òָ˱ò˫һ
ȻǷҪģ
ٸܻһ˿˿ۼ˿ۼǻ
ԣԭò˵ǰȫһЩϾڹı仯ò֮ˣɶǱסˣɴɱһǧҲɷŹһˡ
ʱûй˼Ȼǳһ̵С
ˡˡˡ
һһ쳹ȻģΪһ壬ǵ
ʱ֮ڣҲǷ˺ܴı仯
ܵ˵Ƕһûŵ
ͨ鱦ǻԪЩ⣬ҲڸеУûŹȻܹУ
ŵȴǽ뵽˷Ƶ֮ڣľϵ֮ϣĻζԼԼ쳹һķ˵ľŸϿ׵ΪƣƺӦӭϣˮ齻ڣĪĴӣͣƺܸң磬ˮƵ硭
ЩƺڷƵĿƵУȻȻģһ㣬ɡ
˿̣ȫĳڵصУ
ָоǳ棬ƺضΪһ壬Ǵأرڵдص֮µΪһ壬ӵĽӽӵһ
ˣ
ͻأģ۾˫֮ڣһĨƵɫϵʣҲһεķһЩ΢ı仯
ܺã֮ôһǻʸʥصˣҪϳҲһѶˡ
Ժڣϵ쳹һһ
š
ϲûжپϲ෴ģһء
׷Ѱһ˿⣬ȻпܾͻὫԼٲ֮ء
Դյ䣬Ѿһˣϣ׵ʧȥϵʱƾһ֮ٴߣ


1494 
ˣ
ڷǰΧĴϵӰӣ߿յ棬Ӱ˸ϣ£ۿȥǧٿףѾưܵĲӡ
Щ˶ѰԼ
ԣҲǻ켣ЩȺУ⵽ţĿģûҪֱ뿪Ƭ˼
˵Ҳ֣ŵѾУǣȴ˿ָӣõҪ򿪵ţõλĴеķƣʧ벻⡣
ףŵȻѡԼΪֲΪԼã
ڴ˵أԾͲʱڵֻҪ뿪ⷽ
ֻǣȴǵ͹˰ʥص
ƬʱΧǧ֮ڣǱˣһֱֻܹǧ֮ڵķΧ䣬ƬıԵǿأֻ׼׼
˭ҲȷڲƬУֻǣŵϵشðʥ޷֡
ڣʥصڻŴֻҪһʱ򣬰ʥػǿпѺⷽڵˣʱֻ·ڽӣѷˣ
ԶԶĿǴϵǿüͷ
ҲûܹӿЩǿߣȻҲûģԣ֪Ҳ޿κΣֻԴС
ļСǱ
ԺлʸңǾԲɼӰʥزܣ
š
ѣƵ˵ͷ΢΢˿ٴȺд
ĵףΨһһϣ
ҲΪηϻѡǰʥصԭ
ϾֻҪһĵ̣һͻܵ޶ȵѹƣƣֻҪӦһ㹻ˣȻǰʵͬʱѹӼ֮࣡
ʥصͣõԵԴ˰ʥصĲҵǣʸԶĺȴһĲࡣԣǸʱѡ˽ʥصĵ̣
ʱֻҪʸǿн룬Ʊϣǻҵȥ
ʱһһȥתۼ䣬ǧңɻڼΧڱСʱⷽڵ˶Ǿ쵽˲ͬѰϢ
ΪʥصˣȻѰڶŹһҲȥƬķΧЩڵѰˣҲǱץ׼Խ
õǸܵһΣ
ֻ£ʥػȡǳʩ
ǿԣȡ䣡
Եģܴ߻̱˱٣ˣ
ûϣԼȡ䣬ԣһɽŵձⷽӿǧټƵҪӳƬ򣬽ǺܲңǿԣΪˣõ˳
ȦӵСڣûȥѰˣǿʼԼ̻̲ۼһΪǽǵĳڡ
ʱǽڣһѹһ˲ޣЩ˼꣬ЩһԲϱǿ򣬳ڵǻҡ
ʱƱڸǽڡ
һƹڡ
˵һе˱ˣǧΪˣֻƽ¡
һ̾ϢţǺڴƬ
Ϊֹڶ˶Թŵ⣬ǵĹԣ԰ʥ˴ĵĲƴʩеܲ⡣
ɴɱһҲŹһˣ
ֶΣ˳ݺǣȴû˸վ
Ϊֻ·һ
ֻǣЩСܵˣȴǽ
ȡ䣬ɲǺģʱҲڼ䵱еһЩܱ¶ҲܻԼɱ֮
ԣǿǾۼǽš
ҲһֻС
ʥش˾ٲƣûܹ⡭
̫ˣ˾ͣ治֪ʥصϲôģðʥʧȥģ
һЩ֪ˣȴûô룬෴ģǺʥؾʲô
ΪɸⶼֵõģֻҪºʥظһЩۣ°Ƭڣû˻ôȥʥΪС
⼸ռ䣬ڵӵĽţҲԽԽ࣬УƸǸܵľ
ףЩ˵УֻҲаʥص̽ӣ
ԣΧ̸ۣͬʱҲⷢһЩԼĿабᣬҡ
ϾˣڳڱȱȽǡ
ΪΪҲûע
Ͼʱܹλߵģܻһʥ׵
ͻΧ
ҹƶߴ΢СۣõԭѾȥֱӾ˾ſϸϸ
ʸҾԲưոݣʱһͻΧ
ȼ仰֮ǳȥűǴľű򿪵˳ȥ


1495 ͻΧ
˵Ĳ²һʸҲûðʥصļƻóѣȦСһҵʱ򣬻ʸˡ
˲ֻ࣬ʮѣһĴ󣬶ңֹڷϵҲС
飬ʥصɫֱӾȥ
Ϊɸпܻ˺ƤԣͬΪʥصĸ߲㣬ϲڻʸҵˣҲòСӦԡ
Ұʥ򣬲֪ǰν£
һΣƴߣǰĽѯʡ
ôĿ
ĺһ˸ź⣬˵֮£ѵһʸȥõĵط𣿣
Ũûκ棬ʢˡ
ȻͬΪʸȴʥأ㹻ĵ
ѾҰʥΪǽ룬ͬҰʥΪУ
Ҳͬ˿ã෴ģͬʱҲʮˣֱվڻʸʮǰסȥ·
ʱѾǳ׵˺Ƥˣһգ⴦ӣõЩء
Ƭڣһʸ֮ˣѵǰʥҲҪɣ
ԣ䣬õĸǽڵ˶ЩëǷݱѡ
Ϊֲֻ¾ڻʸҲкܸߵĵλߵʮˣΪǴӡ
ߣ
ƺϵô˵һߣ˵˼ˣΪҰʥڴ˵ʧһ񱦣ʥƬκ˶Ź뾭ſ뿪ԣֻܵˣ
ôĵӣ
⻰ɫʱһ࣬һɺƴƱǴڱ嫺кʱضڶռΧڵ涼ȥ
ʥʲôȻҿѺһʸҵˣգһʸӵһ˿ʧҶʥزð
űŭƺܵһƴļơ
⻰ߵɫһ䣬һ˫˸˸űʯһ貣¶ϢֱƺҪնɱʥҲòҪȥǴҵʬ̤ȥ
仰䣬ԭЩڵĳ棬ڴ˿̣ѹˣռƺֹһ
Զǽڣ˶ڿߵĶ̬û˳ƣȻվһ䣬ĿȻҲǿŶ֮۽ǵ⣬ȴŲԶЩӰ
ΨͻΧڴ˴ֻ·һ
ǰʥصĵ̣ʸҵ˾֣ҲֻһʱԲѹưʥأʸҵĺԮԲʥأ
䣡
һըԶһ֣ս£˫սض޾Ĺ⻪ŭХһľХĳ˷ϯշһУԶڼǽڵˣܵһĳһЩΪɫ԰ףϢ
ĵǿڴ򶷣ǰĳ棬Ϊģǹĺ񺣵תͬĩһ漰֮ǵΪҽʲôҲûʣ£Ӳĵȥγӣǰ鶼һ
ʸҵˣƺ£ԣ˷Χ£Щʥص˶Ǳ˳ȥЩشЩֱӾǱľ統б飬ﱻһͻƿڣ
尡
˼״ʱڶǱϣ֮⣬˳ȥǻҵĵطжȥ
ꡭ
˴·ʱж绮ʣǧ֮࣬ȫһĿģȥ
ֻǣҲһЩûЩΪΪ̫ͣıԵֻ¾ͻ֮أƣͬҲûж
ΪԶЩɢӰҲûж˼ɨԶʥ֮˵١
ʱΪд˳ǻҵӿȥԣΧЩʥصҲ˹ȥѹԽԽңǺɱ֪֮жһЩĲѪ⣬ĵȾˣѪһɷڳ塣񣬻ֻ·һƴ۾ɱЩƽʱη֮绢İʥˣó˵ƣõİʥصҲ˲١
ģ
ʥصһڴǶȴҲѲˣֳķ
ҲţɸӵߣԲ׵䣬ֻǣпܻûӳⷽ
λˣ
ĺ󷽵ķڵһߴӵͺһͷӳһһɱ˳ȥ


1496 
䣡䣡䡭
ը쳹ϢŭؼһƬããм䣬ⱬᴩأֱû⣬춯ǺХľ磬˵ƿХϯһ⵱䣬һѪɫ컨䣬ʮ֯}ˣͬ
ƬΧԶҲһЩڹۿţභõж𶯣Ҳ֤ЩеĲ롣
Ȼʸʥعݶ򣬵ǣһֱల£ûзʲôףʱΪһδ֪Ĺŵǳ׵˺Ƥˣֻּһʱ޷ƽϢˡ
Żңǧ˴ӸǽڳŻҵķΧͻΧ׵Ľ˾棬ʥصΨвϵĳǸλԮӶõλֻ˶ѡ
ɱ
һĺɱһƶΪӰӳ𣬲ûдǻҵȥǳ෴ķλͻΧҲʮˣһ⵶磬תۼɱ˰ʥصķ
ȥɱۣ
һ׵ǰзһƬ䡣
˵ʲôϻ
ǰǸһһСֱӳȥһըǰʥص˱ǱҳѪࡣ
ͬ뽫ܰڱǰֻܵһĴˣʣ˭ϣԼ֪ܶ
ͣļʮ˶ǼԼûκαȫ˹ȥ
䡭
սʼװǵС£ں棬ϵĶܣûзһͬģҲֹһˣԣҲرۡ
ֻǣȴûע⵽Զһ˫ˮӽĿһֱϡ
һɱ֮һǳһѪ·һ·Զȥ
⼸Ƿڼ֮䣬̫ˣЩûзӦһЩƵתˣҲٴܵ
Ϊ֮ЩҲûɵɵĳһλͻΧǼʮ߼һӣŸλͻΧţһʱڣвͻΧԶõİʥصŭ
̡
ЩͻΧ֮һɫĹ𣬶ڸ߿ϱŷһ貵Ĺâ

Σǲ֪ˣǰ⼸ʮˣһΧûиãһɽȵУȻû˵ص֮£ת˷λȫڵУǿ١
ৣ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãƴӵ³վһɽڣߣˮ֮ľ

˿¶һĨɵĻȣͻΧˡ
ȾԤƵģʸҵ˾ԲӲܣðʥռˣԣͻΧĻᡣ
ʱŻң˳ƻûжƫ
Сӣ˵̫ˣڣ˶㣬ԣǵ͵㣬˶Ǻգ
ڸѣдء
ʵھʸôһ֣õŵĲʣ˭ܷŹԼ
òߣΪᱻ˺ԣܹץ񣬲ȻӦûжļʱϳ
һ·ϣƲûжأ෴ģһһгǽǣרֵĵطŹԼϢ
ԭʥطĵطʸôһ֣ӳµˣ󲿷ڻҵбշɱСֱ񣬽һá
ʥغķ˾޴һʧڶľ񣬻ôһǼ˰ʥصŭ
ȻŭʥҲҽڻʸͷϣȻĽܾˣ
ڰʥһ£ڶʥص˴Ӹع飬ƬѰţֻҪǷֿ֮ˣǻץһֵĻ̻̣˶ʱ뿪˰ʥƿص򣬱ܿҳ
ϢõԭҪ뿪ƣ΢΢һ
ڣǳŰʥһǳȥֻҪ뿪ǣ˰ʥ򣬵ʱǿǰϷħ
һǣһϿȵУϿȶˣԶǸ߷壬ƣ۷ϣɼӰ߶
һĨâװʲôҲ֪һųǳǰС
ȥ
һͻأģԺ쳹õһ
ȥ˶ᱻ񣡡
ٴ
⻰Ʋɵͣ˽ŲɫЩء
ֻǣȴ⣬˾ҵϳԼģ


1497 
а취ӳ
ɻǰߣ΢ţ
ʱҲĵǰʥأ
ǻʸǸɫȹŮӣ
վԶȹ棬һ˫ˮӣӣǳԣƺܹһ
ߣһֱϻߵӰϡ
ӰһϤԭڷϵʱһۣԣϡЩӡ󣬾ϤǣҲȷ
ȣ˿ȥǶʮѣȻ˵ۺѾʥ磬ҲǷһЩ
ܹӵ˵ĳɾͣͷҲǲ
в²⣬Ӿ
仰õķͣ˽Ų
ҲǼȥƱ׶༪٣ǣʸҵŮָҲһ·෴ģֻ³Ҳõȥ
СӣٶȽǣĥ䣡
һǳǽϴ˴ߴв֮⡣
ʣɫȹŮ˵ڵˣܵǿ
ৣ
ɨһ۳ǽǼƲһۣһһ㣬ӱǳźжȥ
СӣȻܣ
ǽļһ㶼Ǳŭ𣬳ŷ׷ȥ
ֻǣʧˣǰȻΪֻǴʥףǣٶȴ˿ʧƽҰϣûһƬԭʼֵУת˲Ϣʧˡ
ৡ
̣ӰǳƬԭʼ֮ϡ
Ȼ׷ˡ
Գһɿһɽ£ƿһεСʯУס˺ԼѹƵͣ΢΢һʯһûһ˿Ĳ
͸ϳֵˣʱͫһһƬ䡣
ʥصжô£ĿãֵĻǻǱɡ
ģأΪβ֣
ɨܣҪҳɫȹŮӵ٣ȴǷָҲټʱ΢΢һ
Իʸҵ֮ŮֶιȻ
вɣ෴ģɫȹŮӲŵв
ܹһ·ԼˣϳԼǲ˵ʱܹҵԼ
ˣֻһѡ
Ƭ̺˱⴦ɽԼƬвϵѰţƣҲò˵¡
ѵǷˣ
˾ȻһֱƬƻ䣬оһɾ޴Σ
Ȼһϵе֮󣬰ʥǲڶ׷ٸ֣Բܹ쵽ԼǱƬڡ
һҲҶ˱㣬˾һʯͷһû˵£ʯΪһ塣ȥʱƺѾʧȥģʧԶʡ
ԭʼֵУУгˮǣδƶֱɫ׵ĺڰŴӵ»ƶɽжȥ
ģ
һ·ϣƶҪҵɫȹŮӵ٣ȴ֣һ˿ҲѰ

ڣϵء
֮˫ǷҲ첻ɼʸҵĵ̣ȷһܹ
ҹ֪Ұ޺˷ĲƽɽҰ䣬ľҡצ
ͻأģƬҰ޵˻ʧˣɽһӾͰһݼţһҲҶ
ϣ֪ʲôʱ򣬳˼ӰƬţõ·඼оΣաֱ°ҹ⼸˲ŴƬʧƱ亹죡
ȥǰ취
˸
ڵʥΪ󣬻һвʱֻԼһȥͻܵʸ׷Ϯôһڰʥİȫ
٣Ҫ޸Ĩ˲У
ֻǣֵǣŮһֱûϵõ޴
ڽɽвϵĴܣЩԷ֣˵
ڵ죬Σʥصƺ쵽ƬǱ֣һͨʯ£Ƭɽ֣ݻٴľƬɽһƬͺͺ
ƶڲԶУһҶ븯õĿҶţס⼸ȥ춯
ǣԷȻҲûзŹһ貵ĳһɫ磬лһ޴Ĺֳ֣ȫطˡ


1498 ħŮʹ

ͻأģһɭĻ߾ڷ⻮ѣȻûֱն壬ǣǾ޴ĳȴǲؿڡ
Ƹܵһʹƺпһǣȴǿţͷһĳȥ
Ҫӣ
Ӻεȵ񣬼һ˿˿춯ֱӱǷ˷ƣʱ𳤽ֱӾǳŷƴ
ʦ𣡡
д󼱣Ժں
ৣ
һӨӨ֮ͷȫ˲ʧԭأӵ£Զ硣

һ쳹ԭʼ֣һ̿ʼһᴩأ棬ضΪ룬ʯףΪмܶط׵Ĵݻˣľ۶ϣɽʯѣصǽ塣
ৣ
һӰͻأĳǰһǹֱӱǳŵһ

ɭһӵײ˵ϣʱһг룬ס

ƵĽŲͣͣ˲ת˷򣬳ȥ
ֻǣЩƺԤƵģķˣ֮ΧһɭĻ߲ϵȥĵиϵıƽ
䣡
ըһӰŷڸ߿֮ϡ
ᣬͣ
ƵĵһۣΧ˶ɵһڶЩ㵵ɫ
ʵ㣬ǻȥ
һɫ۵ĶԷƺǳš
ȻƬУѾֹѳһˣԣҲûнΪҪĿꡣ
ϾƵľ磬ʵ̫ˡ
ˣôܴλߣ
ֻǣһͻΧҲϰָʥȨˣҲŹ
úá
ϴһĨǳЦûӵ˼ϵĲǳȥȫûд㷴
ϾЩٶǶٴʥ磬ڵܹġ
ʵ㣡
Χ˿һ֮Ҳûٴγ֡
ǵǽץȥɱˣû洦ˡ
һߵͷĿⲻɨһΧǹⱻЮ֣ԶϿȵеĳȥ
㾿ôҵģ
·ϣһԵǸʵ
ѾĹˣңʱܴҲû춯ηԼġ
ٺ١
Щ⣬ҲǵѾ׽ˣǽ͵ƭ˱ˣƭңһȥϻʲôӣһΪڣǷλĺۼԲԣⲻ֤𣿡
ԭˡ
һ˵ͷһȻģ˵ѵ㻹𣿣
ꡭ
һԵ˻û仰ͼʱⷽǱ˺һ貵ֱӺ˵ͷ
䣡䣡
ըѾǶٴʥǿߣȻֱӱײȥһͷ­ֱϰ㱬һԴҲѪ죬ҵ˵صס
һĻڷߣȻ
ֵģԾɫȹŮӣܹһɱٴʥǿߣʵ֮£ͬ죬÷˽ȸУҪٱǿ
Ȼˣؼ䲢ûж٣ǣǸ˼ѹ
ͣҲûеܹнյĳɾͣȫǿԼһһŬŴﵽģЩ֮ȣԶ
ʱѾɸܹƿأܹӵһɲͬʱпӵĴУʱ򣬻˭ѹ
ৣ
ûԥֱӱûص֮£Զȥ
֪ŮӻϺ
һ·缱ۣԶûлͷ˼
СܵܣûģΪ˾㣬ʥ֮ƴɱȴ֮ززҲ֪ҡ
ڵص֮£ɫȹŮӽסȥ·
һɫĹλƣΧĵ涼Ǳ飬мǱ룬һ·Ů徧ӨڷƮ裬飬һ˫ˮӣǺڱʯӨӨԣü䣬΢һַ顣
´ƮƮȹ趯ǰ˵年յˣƵħģȻˡ
ֻǣȴһʥĹԣʹһӾ
ֻǲѣԲһڣ㲻Ѿ𣿡
ǹһĨǳЦûбɫԻ峺ƽ
ɲǾΪŶ
ɫȹŮӴЦݲʩ죬ȴ˱ȻʲôǧģʲôһЦǣɫռˣֻǣ˫ڣȴҲǷԳһĨ棬ƺԷƵһжǸо⡣


1499 ѹ
ӣ
ƲƲǣûнʲô
ɲΪŮӶԼкģţǿƾϸ䣬ȴⱻץסΪģ
֣Ҵû㣬֪Сܵܽʲô֣
ɫȹŮ˫һֱϣЩɻʵ
ĳǰӣûݣǱò
Ϊʸصƿصǳܼǣȴûôһӵļء
һԪ
ܹӵԵģǲడ
ֱӾͷֿԣңְ½ǰʮŲϵ壬Ҳֵע
ܺ棬ôͨһˣڶ̶̶ʮڽʥģεõɸϿɵģ
Ʒ٣
Ƶ˵ţüͷһʵأ
ʸ˫
ɫȹŮǳǳһЦ˸űʯĹԡ
ûŷ˵ƣûôһĴڡ
ܹ˳ɾ͵ӵܵ᲻Ҳ統еĶĴڣ
˫ʲô취뿪ʥصĵأкܶѰҡ
û˽⵽Էӵеĵ֮ǰƲûжֵĴ㣬ǴſЦѯʡ
߰ɣ֤ûΣա
ʸ˫ЦĿ⣬ɫ޵ջ֮⣬ּ䣬óһ貵̨мǶһö貵ԴʯΧһ·ԣĪ̡
СܾܷģҲ㣬⴦̨ܹǵ֮⣬Կʥصĵ̡
ȥʸң
۾⴦̨ɨš
Ҳƭ㣬Բǡ
ԽԽӽըʸ˫Ҳ΢Щˡ
ֶ࣬ǣҪȥһȺٴʥҲΨܡ
ϸĹ۲̨ϵƺۣŵţ̨֣ȷֶ͵󷨣£ҲûиõѡΪ뿪ʥðգվϵ̨
ˡ
һ쳹⻪𣬽ûһߣʧӰ١
İʥصѰⷽ췭ظҲûκջ񣬲ȴҲϢϱȥ

ʱ䲻ܿģʸ˫ǳһƬﻨľڡ
Ϫˮľҷɽˮ㣬һ̨ͤ׺ɽˮ䣬徻Ȼ
Ѿ뿪ʥһСܴɷˡ
ʸ˫촽ԸжˣһĨЦ⣬
ĲŹ֣
и̣Ժȴϵϣ㶯֡
СܣҾ뿪˰ʥأôлң
ʸ˫££ɫ㷢ŷȻһЦȻޱߡ
һСûʲôصĶ
ѹûнһˣԣҲǷܣȻ䣬Ѿʼ׼ˡ

ʸ˫һЦ޷飬С̫ǫˣڷڣǽɸߣôܻûйصĶأѲɣ㻹һǿĲɣ
ɸʲôɸ
ž־ӨƹһһãȻ
Сܻǲ˼ҡ
ʸ˫һۣƺΪ˵ģͫȴһĨ⣬ڷɨš
ǲΣҸ֪˵ʲô
ƴһĨǳǳĿЦҡͷ˵ţʲôҲ֪һɸû˵ĺء
ʸ˫㷢Ʈ裬Ĳѩ׶壬ǳˣڷԳԣǳҫۣдĳȻ󣬡ֻίһˣ˯ɣˣ˯ɡ
һ⣬ŷƣ̣Щҡҡ׹󣬱һͷԵڵء
Ļʸ˫ϲ¶һĨ˵ЦգŤϸӯƣҶһ˫ź֣ķƷ
Ӵһ˲䣬ͻأıץסһ˫ֱ֣ӱǽʸ˫˵һԵķݵϡ
㡭
ʸ˫Уȷʵû뵽ԼߵķƾȻûܵӰ죬Ϊ㵡
Ҳֻһ˲ѣ̣ϱǱһǿҵĲӿƷɡ
Ϸħӡ
ƳһӲӣףڣɫӿ˫ּ۳ͼǿѹҪɲѹڣѡ
λԲϸ˫Ȼݾ˿ҡ壬ţһ糺죬ա
֮ŮڻʸңҲǸ߸ϣδ룬ȴǱһİӸѹ£оһ裬ڵĹâ𽥵ı


1500 ſ
Сܣʲô
ʸ˫Ҫѣǣȴѹɽһ嫶ֳ룬ѹЩԴϢܶܵѹƣһʱ޷УҪһʱ䡣
õľǰӣȻʵܹѹԼɼȷǼ򵥵ͷС
ʲôǴ̨
ӱ䣬ȫ߶ϷħŬѹš
ʸ˫ȻϷħѹҲҪѵļķһ˫Щ顣
ܵһǺХӿԼҪԼƷɳȥ
ãѹƲס
һʸ˫ΪԼ֮ϣڵܸǿֲϷħѹסһתǿһֻӨ͸Ķ䣬Ҳû룬ֱһھҧȥ
ƢķĶǣҧס˻ʸ˫Ķĥ
㡭
ʸ˫һȻֱڵҲ΢ƽϢȥ
ǿվŮӣʱеĲλҧסʹ߷ߣ
ȻŹôõĻᣬȫתϷħ˫ƽһ·ڣһҪס
ſң
ʸ˫ͨ죬ŭӣһ˫ڣԳ⣬ڵܼˣڿŷƵѹ򣬴ݻһڵ
ܼΪɲƴδڵܹġ
ҪУ
ЩڣǴ˿ȴҲҷġ
ôϣԼƿص߲֮ǣڵҲôǱˣȻʹּùֶΡ
֫Ըܵ˴ϵ¶ȣ£ʸ˫ů޳£Ҳǹеһк¸Щ
̨
ҧĶţǳš
д̨ûк֮ǣﶼȥġ
նɱʸ˫ΪԼֱ£ϴʱҲ֣õЩơ
֪ϲڿ϶ĳط͵Ц
ʦҲ֪һǲҡʱƻռһƣÿҪ𿪵ʱĿҧĶ
ʸ˫Щף¶߷ŭҧȷſңǫ̂㣡
ѡЭ
óһԡ
ɿĶ˵ţ̧ͷʱȴǿһ˫貵ӣã
ӻʸ˫ڱǿҵֱӴ˷Ƶһ˫۾ڣԺУֱɱĵˣҪ֮ݻ١

ҽеģȻǷƣǻʸ˫
ѩףͷϾǺˮԭ˸˸ȥһֵֻ̿ɫǼʲôɲһ
ֱܹӹ˵ˣȴû뵽˴ξȻʧˣ
ɸ
촽³
ûɸ
֮һ·ֱɱˣǣײƵ˵ʱŵȴͻأıһɿֲ˻ֱӽˣ
ɸ
ֻԺһƬհףٴ۾ʱǼĻۣҲһ
ŵԼ뵽ڵģҲƣ˭֪ڣȴһδæ
Ϸħ
Żʸ˫ʱУԥһ˫Ͻʢһɫ·𽥵Ĳʸ˫ȫ
㣡
ʸ˫ûһ˿Ѫɫ׵ıݽҧžӨ´ŭȴ˵
ôҲûԤϵԼȻһΪԼ֮µУһеıʣŵ
ǿɸԶʱδշǣȴǰˣңȻԺУ
ⲻòȡ
˵൱ģ൱ĴģԣԶʱڱоһ棬ΪֶΣһЩķ
û뵽ɸȻǴܹңĿǰֻ»ǹһ壬ǷǹǼĿֲ
㾿շɸģ
ѿʵг˸ʡ
ʱŵԶ벻ףƾġ
ٷϻ̨Ȼݹ飡
͵ϮȻɫֱǳ⣬һٽɱ˼
ɱҡʸ˫޿֣ǴЦݶ򾲣ƾڵ㣬޷κң
ȷˡ
ƵһУ˸ΣյĹâ


1501 С
ʸˮħŮȻģȴʥĹ˸˫ǧģһּرʡ
г֮ˣ߻֮òټֽìܵʣߵջ
ǿᣬڸܱӻҪɱȷѣңϿ϶һЩĻ񱦣Ǽֻ·ԼҲֲá
𣿡
ķ񲻶ԣʸ˫һЩĿ
ٺ٣һɫŮ£˵𣿡
ƹŹֵĵЦһ˸Īĺ⣬Ұ޸塣
һֱֱۻĻڻʸ˫Сϣܵᣬһֻ֣ЩҵƶõĻʸ˫󾪡
쵰ң
ʸ˫ˣŬţϵŤҪѷƵĽһɫ·ǲѵļ
࣬ȴû뵽ʱ˸Լּŭ޲ҪǧС
𣿡
µУõķƲɵһһ⽫Ŀؿϣҿӯ޳ȴ벻Щطȴ˵ķǲСﰡ
㣡
ʸ˫Щ˹ȥ
˵ҽⶪȺУᷢʲô飿
һĨһ˫Ͻٴδǣһɫ·ϲڵ
Ʒ٣Ҫɱ㣡
ʸ˫Щҧгݵ˵˫ŭ
û뵽ԭŵķƣ˿ȴ˵ҰȻ˵вԼ
òϣⷽЧȷηƻôȻԺγˣ
ɱңֻҪǸ
Ƶڷź⣬ϵҪԸңԼҪø۵׼
ʸ˫ŵ˸ˣľںڶ㷢ƮڷƵϣ紺棬Īջ롣ֻѡ񣬵һ̨ڶѡҵС檣
Ϻһů֮󣬱ǴЦԼɣҵĿ޵ġ
ףʸ˫ڸԭʶָԼ޷ѹס
һҲѡ
ʸ˫籦ʯ͸¶һɼᶨǳҧŷ۵ĽǾڵܸˮ߽ݻϵһɫ·
ɲ㣡
ǷһĨЦһ˫ٴӿֳ⣬ͬʱһڱҧһ֧Ө͸ĶϡƷ٣㾹Ȼ˶ң
ʸ˫һʹһߣɬ֮󣬱ǻŭǾҵһ䣬ѡ񣿣
޷ȫȫתܡ
ѵͲһʸһʬ޴𣿣
ʸ˫ŭĺʵ
£ҵȻ£
һĻȣ˸ź⣬֪ûǴ̨Ҹ޷ǵ׷ϮҲһȻҶһҪ˼ʸ𣿣
ԵģҿǩЭ飬ұֻ֤ҪңһʸҾԲΪ㡭
ʸ˫ˣƽյһУƿصУһûбЮֹ˿̣ȴв·˼ɵΪ
Э飿ʲôЭ飿Ҷ㶼ˣԺĻŹң
ҧӨĶĥĥݣ
㣡
ʸ˫ڶʱһĨŭ
ȷܻŹ¹Լˣ޲ýʬΣ
û뵽ƾȻӲԣ˿ԼһҪǫ̃
ǼԼķ񱦣洦Կ룬Ҳо޴Σա
ңִ̨شڻʸҵҲһ̶֮ȿ֪Ҫ¹ԼˣǾԲܣ
Ժôȥ׷ɱƣ
ͲˣԼһǧĵŮôûһ˿ѵʯͷĲɣ
һˣ
̨ȻҿҪˡ
̽һֻ֣ڻʸ˫Ľϻʱһ󾪽
Ʒ٣ס֣
ʸ˫ھǻңֻԼϻĹ켣һС񣬺̨ļֵ̫ˣҲûȨ֮ͳ
ѵļֵڻʸҵлһ̨Ҫ
̧򢣬ЩЦЦ˵ţ绨Ҽٲǫ́ҿҪͲסˡ


1502 ģҲ
㡭޳ܣ
仰ʸ˫˻ʸصԺ֧֮һĸ߽࣬ߵ˵Ŀ⣬˶Ҫʱȴܴ£ѣŭ졣
ɣ
ǵЦ⽥Ũָ۵ƺЩȲˣǣҪ¡
ʸ˫ļǳһĹ⻪ϸ壬ůһ뾧ӨһĶ飬ױȵȻ
ǾԲύ̨ģ
ʸ˫ŭЩҧгݵ˵š
ãܺã
ϵЦ΢Ȼ㲻Ը⽻̨ôǱз֮ɣӵ־ɫˣҲίң
㡭ס֣
ʸ˫гͷ˿趯䷲ŮɣһɼΪֲڹӿ˸Ĺ⻪ȡ
Ϸħӡ
һĨâҲ˿ӲӵƣֱӾĴؿϣһɫ·Ѫһӿȥ
飡飡顭
ûͣ£һƽһѸٵ䣬ϵĳţƺҪʸ˫ҵѲŰݡ
Ѿ־أûˣһмµİ취ֻΪֹʸ˫ѡ
ףˣԼɣʱҲûʲôɽ
һ·һҪʸ˫ӡǣ֮ڣȴҲһżֲԴݻһУֽɫ·ĳ£һǲϵܡ

״һֱһڱҧס˻ʸ˫ƬӨ͸Ĵ꣬˿ûϧصҧ£ǻЩһ˿˿ζ
ʸ˫Բ۾Žߵӣھ˲Ǳ˴㵡
ܹ뵽ƾȻ˵Ĵ󵨣ȻҶĳǣ
㣡
ܵĳţƲɵİһ촽ǲƷʲôζһЩԡ
㣡
ʸ˫ڷԳˮ⣬Щ죬ҲЩƷ٣ʵԺúõ̸һ̸
ȻƸղŵľٶסˣϾŮˣһһŮˣôƽ͵ı£
ƣҲѲˣȷŲ˽ӴĽ̨
ƸϻЩ
㣡
ʸ˫⻰Ĳᣬˮȼŭڣٴοʼӿ

״ƲûٴȥʩչϷħֱӶ֣һ˺ѣƬƮһԵĲݵϣͬʱһɫ۱¶˳׻λεģҫۣźˮư£ͣˡ
ǾƷۣϾ㣬ƵıǣȻġ
סְ
ʸ˫ˣ¶̻̲ɫ

ƿƺԼƽõĺܾҡ
飬Ȼ˸˺Լ
Ʒ٣֪Լʲô𣿣
Լƽ˸в֮⡣
Ȼ֪
Ȼĵ˵ͷ;ɫŮۣϧˣֻһ͡
ͬҲʾв֮Ũ
ڣƿ㣬ڵҲˣţܹҪ̨
㣡
вɣвʸ˫߷ա
֣¶ϻܵ뾧ӨɫɲͣƵ˫
㡭Ҫ
ʸ˫ɫĽǰǧģԸ欣˿ȫ˲ûȻ̬֮
ģҲġ
¶һĨǳǳЦ⣬£һǺġ
˵йװϸĴһȻٴ֣һǽһҲ˺һۣ˸ʵĹеתǾӨȷ
Ʒ٣
ʸ˫׵Ļˡ˵ˣһģ㾡ܷĺˡ
һĵģģģȻǽĿתƵһԸʵظϡ
㡭쵰
ƺܵĿ⣬ʸ˫Ҫץˡ
˿̣˫¶Ľ壬ԷܽӴܹܵƵ£ߺޱȡ
ƵָỮ绨Ĺ켣Ʈһԡ
׵ĸһƬӨƬ۵ļȾһϼƽߣǰƮĲҲЩڡ


1503 ׼
ʸ˫Ϊʸҵ֮Ůƽ߸ϣʥŮմ˿̣龰ֻ֮Ҫƴҡ
Ʒ١㾹Ȼҡ
ܵʸ˫ڲţҪ֪ǻʸҵˣֵ̫Ļ޷ء
һǰʲô
ƵǴһĨǳǳĻȣЦЦֵҲŲţˣ㻹дŹҡ
㡭
˵£ʸ˫Щ
ȷƶԼ£Ѿ˱ɱľģĺǣҲ׷ȥ֮ɱ
ԼΨ·һ
İɣһһеģһһõĻ䡣
ƻӦţ峺ޱȣûɫָӨĸ֮ǷĽڲš
ָûͣ£֬ļϻĴָ⴫УǣȴûгȥûбȻ
ʸ˫ĸȷ˫һ˿覴ãǣȴûж䶯ģ˿̶ûв
֪ԼһըһãǻὫԼըķǣһ˿ҲҷģעŻʸ˫ÿһ̬ƶָ⣬ʵҲڸӦܵ״̬
ô㻹ǲϽ̨𣿡
ƵƽͣûĲѰ˽һ
ɡ
ʸ˫Ļû˵꣬һǰֱӱߣֻһۺɫסҪѩ׵ļ񣬼ΪҫۣԲ¶˳ճһɫķ羰ܹ޷԰Ρ
䣡
ͻأģɱ죬ʸ˫ٻңҲٲһ˫ڽͬʱһڱŷ˳ŭתأޱȵӿϵһɫ·飬ɢڿС
Ҿ֪ƣȻûлᣡ
ǹһĨЦָĵطһɫ·޷ӿ
ͬʱ˿һֻϾС£һֱֻץǶԸ߷塣
ԣ
ʸ˫Уԭӿ̳ȥԭ侲ٴαĻҲ
ٺ٣
ɫ·ٴνƲ΢΢һЦΪһ̲Ŷ֣û뵽վǲϣҶ׬ˡ
ûгȥһжĸ֪Уʸ˫Ķ̬һϵ˻һĻԲû˿Ļҡ
㡭Ȼ
ޱ侲ķƣʸ˫۵촽źϼΣЩţ˵
ʵ޷ţȻӼԼ岻ĵģ
ѵǷ⣿
ͷڲһĨŹ֡
ߣ
Цƺ룬ûǷȱݣܹܿᵽˣļ˵ˣһֱģȻǰҪңȻҲһΣʱԭ飬ܾͻ᲻ôŶ
˵䣬˫¶ļߣ޼ɵҶţǰȣȴǱĴֱ˺ܶ࣬ƺ֤Լ˵Ļ
㡭ſң
ʸ˫иӦۺ죬߷ޱȣھˮ⣬һʣӨǻգȻǿ

״ƵĶɵһͣǿ޿Ļʸ˫ʱеͷһʱڣȻ֪ôˡ
׼ޣ
ǳţоա
ԸǸǿĻʸ˫ָı䣬ܲϰߣŤ
۸ңáҿޣء
ʸ˫޵ĺģڶһѪ˿鲻ϵĵ䣬飬һҼģ顣
ˣӦҪȴ裬ʵ˸γϣǱ˿Իеɵͽӡ
ƇˣôҲûϵһʱڣȻ֪ճˡ
׼ޣȻҾͰ˺
ݺݵвš
һйȻЧʸ˫ĿҲͣԭŮ˿ȴǱһֻίСèһ޵飬ܹữ
̨
Ҳϻְֱǰһֻ֣ǷµĴϣֻҪһ±䡣
㡭
ʸ˫˿ζըˡ
⵽Ǹʲô˰
˿ײǽĳ嶯ǰǿľͷԼŮȻܹ˵ѪЩɷƵԱˣ


1504 
ʯĳ
ĸݻʸ˫Ŀеķƣǡˣ
ֱľͷ˷ָĵز
ʸ˫ţûһˣܹԼĶģǣڷ浱еһμ׹ݵķƿʼûӶԼ¶ɫڰԼʱڣûзһ˿˿
ڣйһԾԼδȴһҪԼҪ̨
ѵԼĻûһ̨Ҫ𣿣
ҲŮڶʱӿһĨߵɫǷ޷޲ƽĵ
ģѵԼŮôôѪ
ѣ˵ˣûаֻᡣ
峺ƣ°·
Ȼô޳һ㣬ǣôȻѱ
˵ͬʱ˫ֻӨļ棬ϵĺҶţʱǼ£ָɨѩ׵İ߻Բգ޷о
˿̣ʸ˫ϰ㣬֬񣬿ƷûзгĴڣһĻ档
Ҳύ̨ģ
Ѫľͷֱһʸ˫ǲЭ

֣ȥµĽ欵׵ı¶Уǣ覣˾̾ǷƣҲȥ»ʧ
쵰
ʸ˫϶ʱӿһ糺ɫҲ֪ĻǺߣͬʱҵ
ɾͱҲˡ
ƵָҶĴߣѰʱĳһЩزλʸ˫Ľֱ
ŭµҪˣĴҪ
ָĻѩ׵Ľÿһ罿۵ļ֣˱ǣǼܲλûʸ˫壬˵Ѿûʲôܿԡ
㡭ҡ
ʸ˫ַˣٴι䣬ڱŮҼ
㻹ǲԸ⽻̨
ƵЩƣӻȻˣǾһЩ鷢ɡ

ʸ˫ϴǼ·һС鲼ϣѾһ˫޳ȣҲ¶ڿС
˴˿̣ʣһʸ˫ѩȫչڷǰ
壬ճǵĻߣ޹Өˣ˿̣Ȼһ˿ڸǣȴһΪˣȻ
ĽëʯӣľĸʣӯӯһյСԲķΣ޳ֱȣκ˼ҪѪţѳֲס
ԭ߸ϣ޾⻷ֵĻʸ˫ߵĿĽ㣬ܶҪĴڣǴ˿̣ȴǼıһѹ£˲飬ǴȥƱҪ𶯶úܶʧߣԽܡ
ھϣͬκˣⶫ򣬻û˸˵֮ϣߣлʸҸĴ̨ﲻȥ˲ɺʥ۷壬ҪץסҲǼѣӵֶΡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴǱһΪ绹ԼӸˣѲˣ£ҲߣֻһҪ׵ʧȥࡣ
ꡭ
Զʣͻأ쳹һ̶ƿֱӾǳ
ãкԮ
ԭҿĻʸ˫ĵЦݣһɫ䣬һ䣬ڻʸ˫Щ㵵Ŀ£һץ£ӣһ߻˻£ҵǫ̂ȡ£ȻҾͽˣ
˵꣬һͷײ£ٵĳԶȥҲֶͣ롣
ǵ͹˻ʸ˫ŮӣȻҲʱ䣬ȵԮ
ģȻǸڷϳֹˣȴǻһЩףЩڰʥڴֵľǿѾٴλȥ˼塣
֮ǱǼ¹ЩɫյĻʸ˫
˫ʲô£
ɨһΧûзʲô쳣ЩȻʵ
ӣ֮Ůƺڴ˳˲СĿݵЩûȹмѾ
ʮŮڶЩţĿ
ѵ
Щ쳣Ŀ⣬ֱӱõĻʸ˫糺죬תȥһ壬ƬرѿЩȹƬҲ˷ĩ


1505 
Ʒ٣
Զʣʸ˫ǳҧ´֮Щףһ˫޳ڣŭ
ղŵһĻԶ޷ǣ
ʧˣΣԲŵԼܴ£ʧ
ʵ˵Ҳˡ
һ紵ǰЩ죬ʱõԭŭеĻʸ˫һԭ΢԰׵϶һ糺죬ϼ
ҵУȻˣԼ±ǿɶļһˡ
ʱŨˣһҪҧˣ
һҪң
ӻʸ˫³һ㣬˲䣬ʧ٣Զ
ʲô£
˶ǲվԭأǸȥ
ЩʸҵӵܣɫͬղŵЩȹмʸ˫ķӦõǷǣжڲţʲôˣܹסλ֮Ů
Ҫˣ

Ҳ֪жãڷϸоѾû׷Ϣʱ򣬲һɽðͷ
ϧˡ
˼ʿ̾һΪϧ
Ҫ˴̨ôҲôˣֻҪһδͣʥ۷֮ˣҪץҲô׵顣
ֻǣû뵽ʸ˫ȻкУԮ
ûа취ȣʵҲߵһֻҪʸ˫ɿڣҲǫ̀
һǼ£ǳ˳飬ԭҪӵǣ˼Ǿ֮£˽ָڡ
ǸŮ˲ܷŹԼȻôԼҲù
ٺ٣СĲ
ԺڣϹŹֵЦ˵֮⡣
ʦ𣡡
ЩͷʵղôȻǫ̃ʡȥ£
СӣûŮӵйֶ𣿡
ƲƲǣжһɶ
ԭҪٳСӵĺ£˭֪СӾȻû̫ʧˣȻǸ㶨ʸҵ֮ŮԺܻᷢһЩ顣
Ҳֻѣ֮£ɱ˻ʸ˫Բһõѡ᳹׵ļŭʸңʱ˭ܹסƣ
ˣԴѾʣ޼ˣ취ȻԼ𡣡
䲻εĻ伣

üͷͷʹ
˿̣ҪȥԴʯ
ʱԴڣǻ˲Դʯǣ˷ңͷϾֻöԴѡ
ԭѾˣ˭֪ȱԴʯ統УȥѰԴʯȥ
ѵûԴʯ㲻ȥ
ûгʶļһϴͷʹҪһƽ֮ˣҲòϸĽ͵ȥ;һֻҪϵĶ㹻ͿôԴʯ
Ŷ
ڨڨһЦˡ
ʱȴҽǡ
Ϊ̫ˣֻǾõԴʯҲڰ·˴ˣ
ӣҪƿȫܴ֮򿪡
֣ǸڵС˳
ƿ֮ʱԹܹһ˿Ŀֲľ
̣򲻵ѣᱩ¶
ѾףԣأӦܹ򿪵ĸ࣬磬֮нǣʱܹ򿪵ĸ࣬ʲôҲӦĹ
˼Ǵע⣬Ҫ֮нǡ
ڣѾӵ˽ľˮףԣнľˮû
ȻҪһʱ䣬Ҳȥ˷ʱУȻȥ򶼿ȥˣ͸˵ȥԶİˡ
ԣȫˣͿԳ׵ƿ֮ӡ
ϵƺ˿һ뷨
ܹ֮򿪣ǼΪֲĴڣ٣Ҳʥ۷壬ʱֻҪ統е۷ȥã
ڳܹʥͺˡ
׵ƿ䣬ɫӣѾΪ˷ƵҪĿ꣬ǳɹһ
û̫ˣһ·ϣƼҪܰʥʸҵѰҪԣβ㶼ҵзڣǰԤ֪ѡ
һ·ϣּ䣬ľԣʱУˮԣֻнʱûҵʵᡣ
һŲ֮£ͣס˽Ų֮ͫڣֻĴڣģڣȻӳһɹǿ


1506 һ
ϴΰʥشңһֱûƽϢң˸˵Ļɣڴţš
ܶϵʵµˣǴ˵ֹɸĴУǣҲ㣡
ԭǸûмȡˣҲֻǵ;˵ѣԣֻ֪̾ȴҲĴռһЩ׷ѰŲҲڽԼС
һܹıһĻԵûԸοЩԭʵǲ׵ļ
ʥصУڱԵи飬Ѿ㱨ȥ˲ٵĲɡ
ȻֵһʮӣΪҲǴʥ׶ѣǣǷĪ֮ȴ˲ɣңץ֮󣬻ʩȣ˵˵ͷС
ҶԹ԰ʥص˶֣ݵɲ˶еġ
пܣ˱ɸ֮ˣ
ǵʱڷ浱гֹڵжϡ
ģĸӦǿȥȻģˣڵȴǼΪʢĿ
˴ŵ˷Ƶģ˵ǳ⣬Ѱ

򣬴һԴʯ£ֹаʥʸҵ˿ɣǰһ
ڹĶ˵һż֮أƵ˿ϡ٣ǧﲻ̣طһƬߵľ
ԭ򣬾ΪĴڣ
ԴһֻҪǴԴĵطضɳĮԴˣȻʲôޡ
ҲΪԴԣƬϣɱ¼洦ɼ뺷ΪһԴʯ֣Ѫɺӣ飡
ܵ˵ƬһƬҵأƬë֮أΪԴעѪȡ
Դʯʥ˵ʵ̫ˣûмΪʣԴʯǲС
ƬڣҲôΪԴУҲͬһЩֲһЩ󶴵ھŵ
ǧǰֹһΣڳһͷŵֲ˵ʥصʥ٣ʸҵĴһͬڿ֮ڴս˼죬Žͷշ
ɼγƬԴҲԭģпܣ֮£žֲֻǣпܻڳ߶ѣ

Է¼ڣѾһʱˣһܶ飬ѰҷƣҴʸҵĻʸ˫ʥصʥӣѰĳһˣһ˶ڸһЩ˵¼
ǿһǣȴѾһĿ⣬˾̾
Ȼǵ츳⣬ҪǣĵҲͬľܹ֮ԺضλѹȺ۵ĳǿߣ
ʸ˫ŵõʸҵһλ洫Уӵ񷨣ֻǴδʩչҲˣµȥˡ
ʥӣΪʥԺĽӰˣӵеĵκ٣ңһo֮ĹõĴУʲôҲû֪
˵䣬ﵽʥ磬ֲ̫ˣηǶ𶥼µ֪
һڣһӰڣ㣬˳£ٶȻ죬ǣȴһֺƽȻĸо

һˮӰӺվڸ߿գߵĴء
ǿ𣿡
һɨȥƱܹԶмطڷᣬѪ
ЩһֱڿޣԭʼֵУľԣȥһԭµʱ䣬˱ԣȥһ֮أ֮˽ԣںУˮԣһķһʱ䣬ڣ˷ϿеĿҲȥıؾ֮·
ڵѾǾԵǿƿ߲֮ʸ˫ҲĶԶԿ
ңһ˼ĵطǸɫСӣҲܹ򿪺ܶ࣬ǿֲ㽫Ƭݻ٣ء
ԽԽ棬ɫСھǷӡʲô뽫֮򿪣Σȴ
ԣпܣȫŪ֣
˵棬ûתòֱŷָķλȥ
һУҲΨһȫĵطڳڣڽפֹǶģ򣬱
ԼģԴʯջ֮󣬶ңһԴһѪȵɱ⡣
ǰе·ϣΪƸûȥԴʯ˼ڼ¶һЩҲû
ʥףΧشѾһǿˣΪߵģǰȡƷ׵Դʯ


1507 Ӱ
䣡
ҡضɳĮĿ֮ڱһըǱԵشҲڲš
䣬ֱӱڶ˵ע⣬ɱе˶ͣ
ʯҷɣعѣֱ̳ħһ㣬漫ĿֲվΧķƣҲܵǹɿֲ𶯡
ô£
ھʣһ˫˫ӶЩ貣ֱҪ̳еʵ
ѾǽӽˣĳӦһɿֻǣ֪ΪξȻִ˵䡣
ǰʥصĿ
˾дһЩ
ʥأΪİ֮һռݵĿȻǧڣ˼ʮϼ죬ɳԴ
ʱֻ²Դԭ
ͬڸ߿ϣͫϱʯһԿһеʵ̳еľ
棬Ӱڴܶܶ϶ǴžֵǼʲôµһҵӴܡ
УЩѪаܣǱʲôһ೦Ӷ¶⣬ǯ}ˡ
Щ̳УһѪƺǿҵĸʴԣܹһЩʥˣǵס̳ʴֻҪѪǻḯãһЩڵϴʹǸõĵطɢõ˲òǸõĵطγѪȿֲ
ƬѪĵطʥصһЩǿߴӵ³˳кܶ˽ǴĹһѪⶼˣֵĴУĿԼΪһ̲ŨѪԱû˾Ǳ֮ΪߣͷǱʲôҲûʣ¡
ѪУҽ޺һƬƿһЩﵽٴʥˣûſɲħո
ܿģǿ߱ǸϵѪĿԣɫΪҲǸһξ룬ƺҲҽӽЩѪ
ȻǶڵĹ¼Ҳ˽⣬֪ܶĿԣпܻҲ޷
Ƕһۣóһ貵̨λʱǱŷһӨ·˲ǸѪĵγһŴҪ֮ס
ꡭ
ͫڣܹѪ貵Ӵʱð̣ȻǱڻģȻǱѹڵ֮¡
ǣ鲢ûнǹ֮£ƺһͷħڣϵڳţ𵴣Ҳǲϵ͹
ըףɳǾֲʥصЩǿߣԶԶ˿ֻλ߻̨ǰɫܲɡ
ꡭ
һӲԶĳڿն𣬳ŻҵĵȥƺҪȥԮ
ǰʥӣ
ǰһˣڣΪᣬȴǿѾǴʥ磬֮Χ˾
ʥӣҪΪƿذʥصĴڣΪȻŴʥףǣӵеĵȴõĶ٣ٴʥҪɵ
û˸ȥΪȻᣬǣȴѾһ֮ˣܺ嫣ƣǴԶʱһĴΧͬΪľӢΪĵ׺
ʥӣô
𶯣һ
ʸ˫ϳҲұ֤ʥϳ
ϾЩ֮ӵ̫ೣܼС
ǸϽȥڡ
ӵԸĶɲǰʥأ߻ʸ˵ˡ
Уǽ׵ĵطǶ֣ƻأԣ˵ǺܰȫģңܴҲһͻͷ
һ·ɳۣͬʱҲڹעǱߵĶ̬貵Ĺ֮£ƽ෴ģ·ĪĸǾˣһαһͣĹĺܳҵı仯״
ʲôڿ֮£
Ƶüͷ
ǰʥ統еİҪ̬ȥԣԿɼҲ£ʱֵĪضһʥֻ֪Բǰ׼̨нѹ
Σֻǻˣ
ȻûѣȴѾ޵ţڣǱ仯޴ͷ­ֱ̨Եߣڡ
ͻ
Ҫֵʱһڲ֮µӰƾճڹϿա
Ⲽ۳ʻҰɫȥΪͨûʲôصĵطǣǷͫȥҲƲǱһ㣬޷ʵ˵ݡ


1508 
ǺˣΪδҰʥؿ
ǽǰ֮һںʣǺǾĿڻɫ֮µӰ
ֵ̫ˣ缫Ϊأռؽһ𣬲ƿԣǵϴδŷ뵱УҲƿնУ
д̨ȻԲƿնС
ӰȻȻǡóڻҵģ⾿ɺϻ⣬ԭ
ʥسϼﶼСӰΪǾ㵵ķ֣ԼȻƲⲼʵ
õޱȵ𶯣ΪܹĵһͨĻɫۣǣȴһ谭޷ơ
֤˵Ĳ򵥣õǲٴС
ʱʥҲѾ˽ǰ⻷ƣ㵴䣬մ˿̣ҲǾĿˣ
Ӱȴ˿ûǣԹԵڹΧߣǵôһ£ƺȷЩʲô
ʥӵҲֻܿţҲȥ

ͻأģ˶֣һֻƣֱӱǳӨӲӵĹץȥһֻħצ΢һǹâ貵ĹƿѪѿڵֱӳ˳
𣡡
һͷѪ۶ɵĹɷӳһԶĵϢġ
ֻɫĶֱۣǰˣѪӵŨˣƺҲܵһǿҵΣ
֨֨
ֻƤǰƣֱץѪ⣬ûʲô׼ǣԭ׺ĹȴѲֻƣץסһڱС󱻻ڡ
һĻ𺳵ˣߵеķƣҲͣ˽ŲЩĿɿڴĿǻ˵ľٶ
㾿Ǻˣ
ʥӿʣȻǿװ򶨣ǣĻУܹĳһη
̫ˣ׼ǫ̃ȻֱӸƻһܽͷ֮Ĺշһж˵ʵֲ
ԾĹ
һƴŸ֮쳹ǻ֮£һ˫ǵӣɨһ۰ʥһۣһӣһֱʧ١
Ȼ뿪ˣǣǾ仰ԭ쳹ɷڳĿ󶴣֤ǰ顣
˭
˶ʣڶ𾪵ɫ
̫ˣ˵ĳ֣˵ʧûкۼԣû֪Ķʲô
ѵͷģкãɱǡ
ͫ׽κκۼипһһ㣬ٵĳŲԶĳȥ
ʱϣԶӰǳڣǿڹעŰʥؿĶ̬
ųǰ磬ҲأԲΣԶԶĿȥһֻȴû£ߵĿУԶԶȥһǿҵӾػѹ¹ȥˣųɣ಻䣬ȴһӣϯ˷
ǳУ
Щš
ǰĹųǣΪӴʮûģǣȴһԲڹųǽϣһ·֣ʱһǰɫĹâĸоõķид
ЩˣȻһҲ֪˭ƵģЩ벻ʲô
ǣ
ҲǳΡ
Ҳûȥųǵֱӱǽ뵽֮ڡ
˿̣ڵ˱Ƚϡ٣ΪʥؿȥˣڣҲĹصڣһʱڣڷƵĶߣ˶Ÿղŵ顣
ȻһЩ¥֮ڣҲһЩԼĴš
ϾܹѾ׳ˡ
⣬һʢ¡
ڣУʮһȵ
УΪУɼеĺ̨統еͷ壡
ʮһȣȻ˶ǰԣ˿ڶڣ洦ɼһƴĴﾭ㣬ߣ
ѹְʥӻ
ЩȻеĵȥһ롣
٣ʥӲѰٶڴ˵ء
Ҳɣ
һӰԺõ΢΢˳飬Ƥֱ
ʸ˫ڳˣֻǻд鷳ˡ


1509 
ǣΪڶĿȻͳΪ˶Ľ㣬ԵģۼҲв㡣
ԲεĹųڣȴţǿʮ⣬ͨмһ
⽨ҲǼΪأԶԶĿȥһԶԶĿȥһ޾ĹԴɢ
ǱУ
£ҲΨͷ˵ûκ˻¡
ףǲǻʸҵĻʸ˫ȻҲˡ
ڷ˼䣬һϸ΢ǴУõŲֱͣסʶĳǼ˵߿ȥ
һϣʸ˫һȺ˵Ĵӵ
һȥǾ籡£飬˼㣬ɫȹƮ˲Ϣ
Χ˼¶޵ɫһЩԴеľӢӵܶʧ̬Բλࡣ
ƶȺУҲıϳǴһĨŹֵǳЦƲƲ졣
ʲôħŮ»ָأǴȥֻⶫǲƽˡ
£ӦֵԴʯ˵ûһԴпܡ
ԶڶԻʸ˫ѵĴӵܣƲɵЩа뵽
ôˣֻ»ʸҲŹҪҲҪ˼ҵĵϣ
ûйĹעĿٴη˴ϡڷǳķÿһǱһƣƶǲЩϼ⣬ɹһ㣬ݻ
ڳڣĵط˶çײȻһСľͻԼԼ֮֡
رʱΣˣڣֻǶҲǲ٣ԣǣҲ̫Ϊ
ĴԣʱͻһƬռؼĹǰ磬û߳ȥԶһƬԷԲ¥Ρ룬̻Ի͡
ƾԼ۾Щˣо̾Ҳûֱͣͣųмȥ
Ϊ·ͬټһ·㿪ԣҲûбʸ˫֣⵽˿
ڵһǰȣϵǲͬǿʢ˲֪ٱټò΢䶯ҲǶʮҵģϢ⵽õΪĸʥӣ߹ϴе֮ˡ
Ͼܹνʥģûһĵ̣ġ
ڶ򣬰ʥʸ˫ʢԺضҪѰ޷ĸ߷塣
˵ЩۣȻҲȥʲôǵᣬҲʡȥ˲鷳һ·ǰУΪߵ˶Ϊõ
ſڣһεı𺳵ˡ
εĽȻ붫һɫ綫ڵʱ⽨ʹˣΪһ塣
ӲӣΣȻвٵĲ񱦣͸¶ϼ
ų˿Ҳв˽ῡܣű£ʣпŮϵģ׷ͯգЩƶһţƤһϹŶ
ȻģٵģҪڻһЩԼƷ
ЩϹŶĿǱ¶һĨ޵Ц⡣
ҪģȻλ
汦Ψ½ϵǻĹŵ۾ժȡ˲٣ɼλι
ѰûͨˣûκεĲϸһλҲʮ֮ã˵ϣЧȻܹӷǼһЩĲϣʮҲ⣡
ǱЩϹŶõֻǻãЧ¡
ܹ֮ٵܻӭģԶһֱûб
Ψ㣬𣬴ۣoѾȥ˭ĳһЩ
뵽ڣҲûĿ⣬Ͼʱˣ඼Ǻͷ
ʲô԰ﵽ𣿡
ãһŮӱ˹Ķʵ
ҪһЩܷһ£
ƵһЦݵ˵
Ҫ𣿡
ŮϸĴһ۷ƣǵ
ʾһ£ҡҷˮ߰һСȥ
ƲлıƺûԥŲֱӱǸȥ뵽С֮ڡ


1510 Դ
С֮ڣпռ䣬棬ŷ䣬ֻ֪ÿһϣǿ̻·ϸӨ˸˸⡣
ͫҪȷţȴ֣ǰһƬڣ뾰󣬶һ˿Ҳ
Щ䶼ƵģΪģǱߵ˽
Ͼģм·ģıƺĿǲ٣רɱӵܣõĶ˭Լã
Ưˡ

һŴ򿪵ķǰŮͣ˽Ųתŷ˵ţʾƽȥ䡣
ܹУ۹ɲȻǿĳǰӲңƣй䶯ò
ڣܼ򵥣ǼƤӣһ̴ľ
߽Ǵ󷽷һƤϡ
ʣҪʲôƷ
Ůӹ֮ڷƵĶ棬ЦӯӯĶʵ

֣óһѾ׼õݷ̴ľϡ
ŮһĨɫ
ΪӲǺܴ󣬲ǰƴСװʲô
ӵõķ̬ȵû¶Ļ߲ͷɫЦӯӯϵУһֻƣ΢киǡ
һ˿һƢܰ˱ǶõӶһᣬˬԭæµѾòһ˿ƣ̬Ҳָ
ۺɫСÿ꣬Ө͸ɣӨתţŨŨ
ǡѵǡλ
ŮӶˣСɰſ
ֹȴ࣬ңѾǻĹʱڵˣԴӻĹʱڹֹΣҲǶ˾˵ļ۸񣬱ڶϹŶ
û
ɴݣǴһĨǳЦ㵵Ŀ£΢ĵ˵ͷ
ʱһ
ŮҲЩʱˣҲûмͼֲˣǣλ˽⣬ǱЩϹŶõһǿʮ꣬꣬Ǳ꣡
ԣЩнľϹŶ˵λһǿΪ˸ܴĴۣϧһС
ٵǶãңÿһöˣЧͻˣûκЧ
λֻ֪лĹʱڳֹǿ߳Ѱңȴûãƺڰ½Ҳû˵ܹЩĪʱϹŶ󺶶飬ա
Ȼʵ˭֪ضǲĳУҪãȵ컹ѡ
ԣΪеĳԱǰλļ۸Ҳλֻĺ䶯
ЩѾнľϹŶ˵ʲô汦ҪˣҪǣܹȥ
ԣλЩϹŶǾջһǾԻӵ
Եȣȥ¹
ŮӿٵĸУĺ˿ùŷ˵š
λӵˣֻͷСССŮܹġ
˵дͷţǣ˿ɲΪ
˵УҲͷƵһ߶ѡ
Ȼû˸е£ǣһŮⱻɱˣѵָŻΪɣ
ã
糣΢ЦԶԣ˵ͷ
Եȣ
˵գŮӱǼҴҵ˳ȥȵȥ
ʱǴһ޽׵˷ڡ
Ǻǣÿ˾õˡ
ߴЦݣĴкķ֮˫ЩǵڣʱһĨɫ
˵Ҫλ
Ŀ䣬߱תƵ档
š
Ƶ˵ͷ뽫֮ԴʯԴ͸ˡ
Դ
üͷ΢һɿˣ΢Цŵû⣡

仰Ʋɵı˿
ȻλιǶ
п뵱½ǻȡҩ֮ѣǺɽ磬߰½ֻҪȡԴǰΣ統УȴǱ˿ܡ
Ȼλ
߲Ǵкиһ˿˿ǿٵĹرգһĨȡ


1511 ˶
ΪеĹ£߶λӰֵȻġ
ҪǷųϢȥǻ統еϹŶʱϾԻһƬȡ
΢ЩٴηŻ̴ľϣ˿ȻǾĿŷơ
ЩףǰΪλóԴѵΪ֮
ԻĹʱڹ󣬱ûٳֹǱղأΪ̣¶ǰӵУѵλɣ
вɵһ
ûж룬Ƕŷƿʵ֪ǴΪһǷν

ƿһۣ촽΢һЦǿµ˼ɡ
ţ߻Ὣ󻯣
ǺãҾͷν
ߺ˿Ҳ¶Цա
֮ôָһܹõͷʶָͻήĻԵ
߱ó˱ǼǣóһƣһѪҺպƾȡõƷ
ã
ƽӹ壬΢þһ˸ŽɫâѪҺϣûл䣬ֱ˽ȥ
ɫѪҺ
ǸŮڶһĨȵɫ
ѪҺ֮ȪԴǿ֮󣬶ܹԼġѪҺУӶȥ
ǶЩ棬ѵǶʮӱѾԸĳ֡ɣ
Сһ󡣡
֮󣬷ǴǳЦĿߡ
˵˵޷
ڵɫָ˳ֵ̬ʮִ
ģΪҲҪȡһЩƷֻȴûԴʯ
ɫ΢ЩΣյ˵š
ڷϿУѾ֪統УΪͨģԴʯҲ൱Դʯ統еĻҡ
ţ
⻰߲ɵһȻĿƺЩš
ôҲûϵƾȻ˵ֻ
ûԴʯ
ôܣûԴʯֻ統Ǵ粽Уң²⣬ڵѵ㶼û뵽
֪ҪԴʯ
΢Ƥסڵɫгʵ

Ժ˷һ֮󣬲˵һԴʯ
ʵ˵ʱƤڶš
ԴʯѾ֣뵽Ѿ磬ԴĵвѹЩ
һԴʯ
Ŀ¶һĨȣüͷһǷǳˬĴӦû⣬ҿԤ֧㡣
ܹõóλˣȴһԴʯòȷЩˡ
ÿһλļֵһԴ֮ϣѰܹãǷִ͵棬ֻ¼۸Ҫϼ
ÿһԴļֵһ˵ԴʯңмУóԴֻ»Դʯпܡ
ԣλ֣ߺˬŮȡһԴʯ˷ơ
ˣҪĶֵһԴʯҲԼмֻۡҪʮԴʯ
ΪϵǼһ䡣
˾Ͷлˡ
һϲֵл
֮΢ĿһǣӦμᣬңҲѾõһλõĺơ
ǰģ෴һš
ҲΪƲϱԼԣҪλҲûʸӵйʹȨ
ǿרõģԭΪҲĳӽӣԸسţֻ£㲻Լǰ
ҲǸԵĺ˶ѡ
С߳ŮͣǣϵǳЦ
Ϊһˣ
ʸ˫
ǹҫˣΧڶӴӵǶ˵źûҪõֻǣȻЦݣȴ͸¶һɾǧ֮ĮЩῡܣûмɫǲǡ
ЩӣҲܲ򶥼ĺӵܣΪϲ⡣
ʸ˫̫ˣȻֻһŮӣǣģȴŻʸһһ˵ͷ
欶ȻģЩӽӣҲݷʯȹ¡
ʸ˫ƺҲܵһ˫ӣͷȥǿһİתȥԼɨһۣͫױһţҡҷˣİȥ


1512 
ʸ˫ʵ֮Ůߵﶼǽ㣬ʱڣеĿⶼǼһ˵ϣŲƶƶš
һӣȥҲǶʮ꣬ȻֻһӰǣǹȴõЩĿϵЦһա
ܹڻʸ˫ߣǣЩǿɴûпʸ˫ж˭ɫ
˵ֱһЩʸ˫͵ǿ
ֻǣڻʸ˫ȴǳһȥⲻɵı⣬Щ֮ͬ⡣
ĽŲƵǱǴһĨЦõŮӲȻĻʸ˫ƺ˽⵽һЩʲô
ǰӣֻʸҵСһЩʲô顣
ƣȴ֪ԼѾʸ˫ϳˡ
Ȼ֪ԼģΨһܹ͵ǣʸ˫ӵһ֮ͫʶ˵ı졣
ԭΪôԼȺУϳĻСǣȴû뵽ȴ

ǹǿҵɷ΢΢˿һǳЦת
ⶫڣرеУͲŻʸ˫ҶԼ֣ڳ˶ǣôѾԴкܲʲô⡣
ԣƲŻѡǣΪб޻
İӣʸ˫ɫֱӱƹһ˫֮ڣŭ𣬺޲ýǰ˴ң
ԴǷ浱Уһɨ˷һۣΪرļסǹԣ۷ôתòǿƾӦ֮ϳ
λΪεסҵȥ·
ƹɻƽĶ˵ǲʶһ޵ġ
һ뵽ƶԼ飬ʸ˫ŭߡ
ǻʸ˫СӾȻ˵ѵǲ𣿣
ûü˵ʱһ񿥣ӿʵӱǳ˹ŷһٺǳ⣬Ϊʢˡ
Ͽ˫ǸȻ𣿣
Щǲ֪ôҪһԼǣȴûлᣬʱǿǸᣬȻǲЩȿֺ
Щʢ˵ףĸͷʹ
Щӣ˵ΪΣƾʸڻʸ˫ߣǾ֤һĴڣ˵ȫǶ⣬ֻҲһ
һƾǲǣܹһ𣿵ʱֻһй¶ȥͻܻ֣֮
ԣǱҲֻܹĬĬţۿǡ
һ뵽ĽĶ»ԼָУвɵһ󳩿죬ǴһĨЦ⣬ĵ˼ھߡ
˵գŮӴһк֮ƽɨһһĻʸ˫Ҫȥ
ǣʸ˫ȴôŹǼǰе·ϣһĿ˫źӣƺҪҲᡣ
ӣ˶ǿһЩˣ
г
õһȺʹ߲ɵ۾һǲĿŷƣһĥȭƣԾԵģ
λʸ˫Һԩ޳ΪҪסҵȥ·أ
пЦȴɻ˵ţҶЩνĻʹ˵գӽڴˣԩг𣬲˵һ˽ᡣ
⻰һ˻ûʲôǻʸ˫һȴǱ˫ŭ𣬼ΪŨңƺҪƻһ
ǰ˫˵СӵҶ񣬿Ҳʰ
ǰ񿥣ӿʵӴĿǶŻʸ˫˵ţɨŷơ
ֻǣ仰ǵûûʸ˫ⶳ෴ģɫΪѿˣɨһ֮󣬱Χˣֱŷ˵ôװʶ𣿡

Цʹȴװɻģ˵Ȼ˫òɣǣǣµȷǵһμĹա
˶٣ּ˵Сˣλͻֻһѣ
⣬ҧĺء
ȻѾϳҲװģֱв
Ǳ֮ŮѾѵȹһҳȥ£Ҳûˡ
ԣ⻰֮󣬻ʸ˫ɫʱƹһɰֺ嫵ϢȻ


1513 С
ԭЩӵдڣ˿ȴŰȻ䣬һɿɲ𣬶ʱǽһЩ̸ཻеϹŶĿⶼ˹ȥ
ԭǴʥϢ欵Ļʸ˫˿ȴһ˪Ůϵܹ˵꣬õĴΧһڻʹߣҲɵһ󵨺
رǿˣûԤϵͻȻʶı˺ʱһɫЩ졣
ʹߣҲҪʵУǣȴ仨ǲ磬̸λ
ֻǣȴǲΪİһͨͨĻȴܹûʸ˫˵ľ䡣

ңʢ֮ʡ
ʱǲע⵽ˣǸմСųģң󻹸һλŮ
˵˵٣ȷġ
㵨ҡ
һЦķƣʸ˫ŭգɫһ䣬ô㻹л߳ⶫ𣿡
ĻҲָ
ƿȥǴ˵еɸɱ˭ܺӣǽϢһȥֻǶֱӾҪˣ
ɸȥ֮⣬ĴгϵĹʱֻȣ壬ͷҲ֣Ҫɸ
㡭
ǵǳЦΪ仰ֱӱ
ҲЩʸ˫Ǳˣ֪̽ɸڵˣһ˴ǹȥ˵Լ߲ⶫǡ
ʵֻ˼ͨѣ˫ﲻҪţº
ɫ΢΢һȣƽ˵ţҲָ
ƣһܾˣ˭ҲֲãҪ˶Է
ߣ
ʸ˫ձ䣬΢΢ĿɨǸŮ
˫λˣȷ
ŮΪ޵ϣְҵЦݣƽĶ˵š
ϣôôְ
ʱһЩŵſ˱ǼһСЦݴſ˽
ȷСҺܰףʸ˫Ტۣ죬õŮӶҪʡ
ò˰
Ҳˡ
С֮󣬻ʸ˫ȺʹߣһٴУǽŵĿƺ»ʸ˫ᱻһ
ȷ˲ΪϣòϣܹģңСͷҲСĸЩôȥҲȷСʸ˫ܰ䣬֮ϡ
ҵ˭أԭ˫ﰡ
Ļʸ˫СһĨʣֱӱǳŻʸ˫лȵĺܣֱʡȥ˹֡
ǿƵЩʹ߶Ĭˣŭԡ
˵ܶˣ´ٸôлôҲ⡭ɱ㣡
飬ȴǻʸ˫һ䣬һ纮̹ǣ絶ȫ˺
̬ȣЩʹ߶ɵ˿ЩֻĿС
ΪĸԵԵʣʱȴҲûվ
Сϲŭ޳κѣҲκΪУȫƾԼϲŭ£ֻҪ˭ʱҶ֣ʥԶҵ˶
ɼжô׺ˣҲΪЩ¼ԲܹõЩѱῡǣ˵ļɵ
С˫˫ô˵ĺʹ
Сûͣ½Ųװһʹģ˹еĳƺõ˼Ƥ񶼵һأҲõԭɫͼΪѿĻʸ˫ϣ˲ٺ˪һ˫˿ڸǵ¶ɱ⡣
ֻǣһȴΪ⣬෴ĺԵãɨһ֮󣬱ǽĿ˷ϣ΢ͣͣһĨĹâ
λֵãѵҲǼС˫˫׷𣿡
ֱ˹ƴкһԵĻʸ˫ˣˡ
һǻʸ˫׷ߣ
ҲɵһĨŹֵɫ
ǰСŹŹ֣ֹ׽
ʹŵڣ飬ЩӦ
ԭֵǻʸ˫׷ߣǣķ֮󣬾Ȼ˻ʸ˫ѵбһӹŹֵ
ûУʵҲǵһμʸ˫
ҡҡͷǴݵĶ˵
ֻҪ뿪Զʸ˫˵һεըʱܻᱬըңըʬ޴棡


1514 ˽
ǵһμ
⻰СĨŹֵɫŨˣ˫˸˸ӣõķЩܲȻ
ƺСǰѾûܿԣһһУǰ޿ڡ
ָоõķƻһëȻЩĿЩǿС
̫ˣߵ˽⵽ƺСĳңΪ̣ǰ꣬һԶʱļ壬һЩطΪѹСǱһξ޴ĳײһζңʱǽԶҵҶˣǲ֮
ǸʱʼСⶫˣһֱ£˽ɽԲųǣʱɽˣȴѾ伣ԺҲûгֹСƺûģһֱڶߣڼ䣬Ҳ˲ǷǣڣеһǱ֮Ϊߡ
ߣ
ʸ˫Щڣ΢ĳ˳飬ĿɨһСջû˵ʲô΢΢۾˷һۣһ˦䣬Ŵȥ
ҲƶģֲʲôãΪܹܵѾǿ˲֪ٱ
΢Щ𾪣Ƕ̶һʱ䣬ҲԲֵز
Щףһ굱УƼҪѰһ߻ҪԼʵ飬ΰ쵽ģ
ѵ
ʱĽŲ΢΢һͣͫҲ΢΢һ
뵽ɸ
̲𴫳еɱõλĴУô˾޴Ҳ˵Ĺȥġ
뵽ЩȻҲЩӡ
˵ΨһʶɸܵˣȻǴ˵УûԤƵôܻᱻһأ
ʵǴԺˣɸѾץסƣҲԵòɸ
Ϊпһ
ԣץסƣ֮նɱˣɸпܻԶߣʱ˭˵Լܹɸס
Զ֮û취ɱ
Ҳ΢ͣͣһڻʹߵĴӵ£ǰȥ

۽ǵһԶȥӰƳ˿
˵ʵڵģ»ʸ˫᲻һУʱԼû·
ٺ١
һŹֵļЦõһò˰СһĿڴЩŹֵĻ˵ֵܣҺŵһŮ˵ܰ㡭ʸ˫ϵζơ
仰һԭѾߵԶĻʸ˫һǼһĨɷ󣬱ڶ໤ʹߴ㵵Ŀ£첽߽Сš
Ȼʸģ
ҲΪ仰Щʹת֮󣬿ƵĿⶼǳ˺⣬ǰı䣬õĴڵ¶ȶ½ࡣ

ǳ˳飬ǰСе
һ仰ƽ޹ʵԼв٣СڣֻЩʸ˫ĻʹھͻὫԼʬˣ
ԣûмȥǽ˽ǿٵĳŴŴȥ
ͣ
ֻǻԽ;Խ⣡
һ﾿˭
ҲǺΪ𺳣С̫죬Ҳ̫ɲˡ
ԼϾԲлʸ˫㣬ôΨһпܵǣܹԼĽָ
жôĿ죬ѵСһ˫ܹһʵ
ң÷Ƶǵǣһ᲻ҲܹԼڵɸ
ֵܣ߰ȵҡ
СԾͲôŹƣƨƨߵĸȥһļЦⶼǹϡ
˵ֵܣôСöҪóͰһ˽û˼
вϵ³һЩ÷ҪѪĻͬʱҲΣȴǰѲһľ
ʲôöóֻͣԼһóûˣ͸ƨ
λ
εͣ½Ųȴ֪С֡
¡ģٺ١
ЩŮӺյСһĨЦ˵
֡
ƲЦ⣬ǳ˹֣ºƷ٣ҪȥҿջЪϢˡ
ֻҪһľȻԺ鷳һѣпܽ˵Ҳ˵
һɲһһ̨Ӳû˸ҶǣԼȴọ̈̄ҪƾԼֶıôܹ統еЩأ
ôɣҲǡ
һЦȣŷƵļ򣬱ǰ֪һסǾȥס


1515 
ôһ磬Ƹоڣ϶һƬƬƤ񣬺ëֻǣһֻȴһҪѣȴǲܣõķǵĿЦŨˡ
ˣһ㣬һޣڴţȷ˲Ŀ⣬ܹܵĵĿ絶һԼɨš
ֻǣȴǲΪ⣬ƺĶУôˣȥ˼ʲôҲȥĿ⣬һֱŷƣһط
﹬ڳȺݻ˼㣬ԽΧȾˣڣһһɶ˵ζ˱Ƕ
ˡ
ǴһĨŹֵЦ⣬ɿ˷ơ

ɨһۣǷ֣ǰڵĴϹһң飬
Ǹ
Ǽ⴫ζǰٻʢƣƲڸпһ䡣
ٺ١һξڶΣ
ȻһЦźܲԸķƣ뵽ΪĹڵС
칫ӡ
ǽţһ޵ŮӱƮ˹ֱӾĻС
ĳƲɵһ
ݺݺ࣬һЩЦ֮һЩʵĻңŮڻ֣ΪǣϵĽӴ
ѵǡ֮أ
ȻûнֵطǣûнȴңһУǴŵеķ֮ؼһģһ
ʱǱǺݺݵһ飬ʶıҪ˳ȥ
ǱŮ֪ԼֵطֻǻᱻƤģ
˵ֵܣ⻹ûʼأʲô
ƺϵƻܣһֻԹĽǶֱӴļϣеĻ˵٩
ʱƵɫɵһ䡣
ֻƣȻûиһУǣȴζѲˣǶ֮
ָоƺֻʹȫҪѶǼΪѵ顣
ɼ¹ţ˲ˣǣʵҲǼΪֲġ
ĸ֣ף
ȻϲûЩԸԶң߶ʥصֿ֮µǣԽˣȴԽëȻ
ԲǺǵĽɫһﲻֵĻһģֻҲҲǻʸ˫߰ʥӣҪ˵ӮǺѡ
Ȼʸ˫Ҳٰˣĸԣǻһˣֻͱһƻɱˡ
˵ǻŸʲôûֵ𣿡
ӵ֮ˣ˰֮ò֮صУȻǵЩ糾Ůӵϲһ仰£欵Ůǰһһ߼ס˷ƣֻʱĥţջ
ֻǣƵɫȴת෴ģĿ£һ˫ڷԳѪ˿о˵ɷڳ壬õŮӾɲķſֱۣĿ
ⴺģһѰģǻǵһμãԣҲ֪Ӧˡ
𼱣ȻдϷ
첢ûлͷǵ§ǰ˽еŮӣ¥ȥֻǣڷƵԺڣȴͻأ쳹
ģͫڵѪɫȥɷԥǵһˣ¥ȥֻǣȴ欵Ů顣
¥ϣһ棬һ¶Ļ԰滨ţɫף磬һֶҵӾÿһ껨ÿһ仨ǿǡô
ңԾ;ҲãЩ滨֮ڣһЩε׺ڵУΣлڸǣõĺΪȷһĻĺó
棬Ʋ֪ԭſŵǹɷ㣬Ů㣬Щ滨
ӭλҴ󡭡
һ޵ٸűĺɴĳ˹һһɢ˵Ϣ˫һ˫ļ⹳㣬ܹ˵ߡ
ǶһۣƵǶȻһĬսսӿţȻûбŷ⣬ǣһ㵭Ϣ
֣ٸܲ򵥣ƺһȻĵֶΣղǶӵһǣʧأɼֶ֮
ԭĵڰ
ֱɿ˻еŮӣ˫ֱ֣ӱסٸһ˫ܷܷ֣˵š
ŮȻЩʣٸֵһۣȥȥһ¥
ȻΪĵٸⴺ֮ڣҲһλˣ


1516 ֮
֮ˣҲǻЩ֮أɱǳΪǾĳ

ڷϵĽ£Ʋ˽⵽ˣ⾿һʲôĵط
統Уһ֮أ
㣬ӽſʼЩŮӣⳡĲãܹĳԲһ򵥵ķ֮أȻͱ̲ˣ
ң統УҲܹƵǶ
ûȻֻһҷ֮أǣȴǱһЩϵңһЩʥػҪĿ£ǾԲǵ֮һ
ʵڴ󣬲ûжΪǿߣǣȴʢŮ
˵ǽŮһأÿһòǣ˹ɫܳǾŮ
ŮȻң˵Ǻǿģ
Ҫԭ򣬻Ǵķ֮ͬ
һ¥Ӵ˵ЩŮӣʵǴ֮ˣԱڴ֮ˣǲӿͣ׼ȷ˵һˣһֻһˡ
ڴڣʵڸԱҲǺܶ࣬һ㶼ǴܲСʼһֱʮųڸصĴѡԼɾûҵʵģʮ꣬ǻ»صܲ
ҲˣڴڳöǾۼڶǿߣΪģϣܹõһɫŮĴࡣ
ȻڸԱֻڶ㣬ȥһ¥
ڷϵĽ˵£Ʋ֪ԭԼûϵʸһУĸԣܹķ羰
ΪģٶҪӵһϵݣҪôӵо˵ʵ
ƾһ⣬Ȼ統һĺӵܣǣȴûб
Ƶһˣ
뵱ҲǴӰ֮󣬲Ż˴롭
Щĵ˵ţ޼֮⡣
ǱҲܴ󣬲ȴκΣûб޷ڶ㣬ֱʥ۷壬ǻʸ
ƣȴ¶ĸе죬׵ϵ˶¥
ȴɲΪ⣬ֻǣ˵Ȼĳȥૣ˷֮أǺܡ⡣
֪ˣⴺ֮ǿܳǶ֮һûǣԭ봺ӵе
ˣ˭
ңһп統У˵Ůˣȫ
󣬱ǿҪŮˣ
ʲôģ󶼿Ը㣡
ǴĿںţҲǰ׽еģ
ȻһеǰҪ㹻ȻʸûУ̸Ҫ
Щſֻ¥֮ϣȴ˵Ĵࡣ
˽⵽˴ص֮󣬷Ʋи
û˻ǿҪŮˣңҪûʸ
˵ֵܣ㲻һ֮شûнɣ
һԣΪĵŮȹˣƺż˷ƣתĴķ˵е٩ζʮ㡣
һգʵʲôõģζǲЩĿٺ١
˵ţĵһڣһˬ֮⡣
ӣ
д棡
ĻȴϿɡ
ȷǿζģң·ϲ˾뿲Σգǿԣ˭ԸУ
ǣǲУͻĶݣߣǿΪϣǻʧȥ˵ϣ
ƵһۣǽĿƿ߶ţЩ滨
СһĻȻͷϻǣΪȴǰ֮˱ǵ־磬һ·ϣԵĿ϶Ҳ٣
·ϲûнݾٶȿֻһҪʸϣ뾭ѪĴĥ
ԣǽݾҲһܹߵģ
ʥѧڵ֮أƲȥɽ̶̵ܹһӵ˵ĳɾͣ
ȻǴֱʡ
Щ滨Уƿ಻ĴڣɢϢǲҩ֮
ڣܹҩ֮滨ȴֻܷ¥֮Ϊ裡
Ǻݻ
һŴߵԣƱȥʱŮǰΪϷһЩ
ЩҲǲǷںɽ磬߰½ǻһᣬʱҲֲˣǽĿǸƴİƺ棬ʱüͷɵһ
֣ΪԼһʱһƢζǳĶǡ


1517 üߵ
ѵǡ¶
ǼƵζõķһڲɵһĨɫ
ǰǰд¶һģһζɫ󣬶˿
Ҳ˵ǰСƺװģȻһƷ¶
˴ֱʣɵı÷һ
ⴺ󣬵̵ȷˣ滨ҲͰˣд˵ģȻǼƷ¶
ֱݳ޵һ޷ĵز
һ˼ȴܹˡ
Ͼܹⴺ¥ģҪôʥ۷ǿߣҪôǸ󶥼е֮ӣһľˮȷҲò֡
ȻҪ¶ǣڳ棬Ҳֶ顣
ǣİõƷϺõļƷ¶
һߵ죬ɨһ۷ƣ뻳еĵĥһ֮󣬲ǴһЦһ˶˹ڷƶ棬ԹԵĸԼһһںˮһ
ȷҲڵˮȣ
Ҳ֪ΪЩӽˣǾʲôҲƾ̵ֵڰ֮ڽʥֻҲ׾ٵ飡
ⴺֻҪʸϵ¥Ȼ¶ã̫ݳˣֱ޷ݡ
һ֮죬һ۷ƣ˸ϣͷʵλֵôƺ

΢΢˿е񱭣ƽĵƷ١
Ŷ
ǴһĨаȵĻȣе٩ֹȻУⶫ˼ʱҲûܹǻʸ˫Ǻȴ׵ġ˱ˣ˰

ǳ˳飬Щ̫ȻûдٴθԼһʵ֪ν£
ȻⴺͬǣǸоܲϰߣеļƷ¶оûϴθʴ
ȻǴ¡
ѹ˵ţڣ˸Ĺâ
£
üͷһȴǲΪȻ
ⴺʲô£ֻ£˷֮£ͱˡ
Ҳȷ֮ӣоǿĵ֧ţûʲô֮ǣ˵ʥ۷壬ֻǳ£ڷⲢҪ
츳е̣㹻ˣ
֣ɱСⴺܵü˴࣬СС飬ÿ鱨ᴫߣٺ١
һĨ΢Цѹ˵š
Ŷ
Ƴ񱭵ĶͣһĨ⡣
ȷ紺ֱ鲼ķ֮أ˸صϲǵĽ̸УһЩϢȻᱻ֪
ԣҲ˵統еһ˿紵ݶӲĶߣ﷢ʲô飬Ҳڵһʱ֪
ڣƺҲ˽⵽ΪЩ֮ǻ᳣ⴺˡ
鱨
ղţΪĵŮӣ˽ĥ䣬ֻҲǸһЩ鱨
ţ˼һۡ
ܹõõ鱨ֿԵõһλļˣֶΪ
ٺ١
һЦаȵЩŮ˵ϣ¶һĨа⣬ֿ֪統һ仰ôߵƣ
Ʋû˵ǳǳһС¶Ĭˡ
ȷܵô鱨ǴɵȻңֻܹõˣҲΪһϿɣǿߵϿɡ
ϾΪЩļѡϵſǻ϶ǳɾһҵǰ·زۣȻǿɳһ
ôĶ𣿡
ϵɫЩԵã۾
ƵĿһۣе񱭷ŻϣȻ䵭˵ֻô¸ǣ
Ů鱨統мſвɿܵջǣȴϡ
ܹĵõԴȥһ֮󣬽Ϸħɣǰʱʥ۷壡
Ǹʱûк֮ǣ

ѾվȫȻûһ㿪Ц˼ķƣסˣЩŵĿǷӦ˹ס˷ơ
Ȼֹˡ
Ϊһ۷֮󣬲ǴһĨص˵֪û˵ǰ˽뵽֮أҴʮһӣ
Ȼ˵
Ʋû¶ɫɷǳƽ˵ͷٴȥ
Ҳʲô֪ٺ١
һЦȻǲ˵ǴԺ󣬱ǽ統еһⶫ


1518 ʯˣ
ĻﵱУ֪ˣΪⶫڻۼô֮ӣ
һеԭ򣬻Լ
ǰǰ֮أ뵽ʮһӣȻڶ׷٣ǣϢȴǱ˳ȥԣǽĸ֮Ӷ˶
ܹ֮ؼʮһ֮ãɾ˵ӵйʱo֮츳һԼĵпܻ漣
ǵ·£츳պ󶨻᲻ͬףҲ޵еĴڣ
ɽʲô統е˶ǷǳͷҲܺɽĴڡ
ǳȻģһеĽأɽǰǶ
Ͼ߽أۣ𣬶Խ̽ǣɽ𣬶㣡
ǻɽϿɣ뵽ڣһһֻܹһΣûйķ
ӹһֱˣ
ҪɽΪԼĸݵأǣ治֪ʲô飬ȷִ㣬һֱʱգû˻Ҵɽ⡣
ҲǴǰʼʸ˫졭֮ӣ֮ŮڶߣΪľڴܹ뵽ɽˣҪ֮һ
ÿһ˵ῡܵĿġ
Ͼ뵽ɽˣѾܹôܹĺôɲһǰ㣬ˣﵽ㡣
ƻȻףǻʸ˫˫ܹ֮ӶѾ򣬶Ҫ˹ѡ
Ϊ£
Ʋû¶ʲôǿʤһ棬һķƵû¶Ȥɫ
ĺܵң⽹ԼôܻԼɵȥأ
ѵ־Ͳ˽һһ£
ΪĿ¶ɫ
Ͳˣɫܴ˵ģҲںôںľʲôأ
ŨĺģҪҵں顣
ûȤ
Ƶ˵ţһ̧ͷȴǷһűӣʱɵһ˾롣
ԭأȻ۽ӣ۾ڴһ˫Ů˼ʵڣźɫƺҪƿ
Ҳ֪ΪΣΪ̫ϣŵһ˷ֵ㣬ʮˣټĽаӣôһɲǣȻǰӦŮӲŶԡ
ܿͷˣһַ֮صˣôŮأ

ŮӴһûܹϳе
ϧһž
ˣѵǴʯͷĳĲɣѵû
˻ȥǴŹŹֵɫɫЩȻķƣԹԵš
ֽҽν£
еһȻţĮв˵¾˵ͷ
ʵܹ¶;ˣⲢûʲôõģҪߵ˲ԣ
СǸǵǵ𣬵ǣȴǲȥǣЩԸ֮ӣԼһ𣬰ѳ޼ԼϿô죿
벻˵ҰףأʦҲһһλˣԣܹ̳Ȳſ
ڣദôãһ˵Ļ仰ȴͬ
ǸϲݣǸĻƺⴺĳλɫŮĻȡ
쵰СӣʦΪ˻ʸ룬һЩ鱨𣿣
ƺµ룬Ժţƺܵʲôһ
鱨
Ʋޱġ
統е鱨˻ʸʲôãʲô챦ѵ˻ʸ廹ʵ統᲻ɣ
Ȼڷϵ¼ǲûж˽⣬ǣһӣ飡
ң˵ģǴֻҲȻҲϲݵԼȡģ
ҲգȻֶ˲Ȥôһǰʥشĵ׷ĳһ˵飬֪𣿡
Ϊܵ̾Ϣһ˵
Ȼ֪
Ƶ˵ͷĿ⿴
ֿ֪ʥΪҪĵ׷
һҵɫ۾ŷƣЩԵá
ûȤ
ɵİһۣٴǳһ¶
ȣ˷Ѱ

ʧ̬ſͣĿĿ˫޼ʵڣǴ㵣˵ѵʯˣ


1519 ʸ˫
磬˭û˭׷
ܹſЩģʵ̫ˣҲ˵ûУ統ͷһĶɻ
ڣ˵ܹðʥشĵ׷ĳˣȻ˵ڸž񱦣Ȼʱʥزðʧȥĵĺȥһеķһ򣬲Źκһˣ
ˣ׷ڣҲûȤõȷЩɵˡ
ԭΪԲ˵Ĵڣǣĵڶ굱УȴǱˣңǰ
⻰Ҳһ顣
ûҲǲϲ񱦣ǣԼ
Ҳɵ˿
ƺȻ죬ǣǲܹʶڵʵҲ˵֪Լɸ
ֻͫȴ÷ƾȣ˵ܹһʵˣָڵĶܹʲôƲ˵ģ
ôԷŰʥؿڷҲȤˣ
ЩйĿϣɲĵʵ

Ƶ΢΢һ󣬻ǵ˵ͷ
Ǵڿ֮µĹĻˣѾΪ˶۵ȵ㡣
ǣ²϶вڣ˼ȥ˼Щ߰飬Ժ£ҲЩţ壬ʲôأ
ԣ֪ôǲ֪Ϊá
Ҳ֣ȻǴΪ֮һŮ洹죬Ϊ˵ųŮ洹壬Ϊ֤ʲôʲôأ
壬½ûгһλ߾磬oƺܹͻǸޣͬ롣
ʱ򣬷ԺڲһʡΪ統ܹͻ𣬶統еôģ
ţʯˣʯˣ
һĶͷЩĴС
ȻĶûУоץƺҪʿƵĹһۣƾЩʲôлʲôֵںģ
ˣ
ͻأģվ˫ڵӨӨ֮⣬ѹŷ˵ʸ˫
ţ
ɻĿ
ٺ٣
ע⣬ȻһЦ˵֣Ϊʸ˫ǻʸҵ𣿡
ʲô˼
ͷˮЩҪʲô
ʸ˫ǰȴǼ֣㲻һЩΪ˲֪𣿡
ĵ˵ţֻܵͣ÷һ
ҲΪˣ˵ľȴǼΪ˴Ӳ濴ƺȵĥ
򣿡
һҲһĨɻɫ
缫Ϊɹ㣬ڰ½
򣬱˲֪پ룬ڶĻʸң˵ôܽԼ嵱еĺӵȥ
Щ˵ͨ
ͬ󣬲ȱյأңɽɽĴڣڸ
ȴ˵ʸ˫һγֵʱҲ˵򳤴ġ
ѵǻʸĳλܵ˽Ů
Щ⡣
˽Ůôܼߵңڼ֮ڡ
ԣжҪ˵ǡʸ˫пܲǻʸҵˣ
Ƶ΢΢Щš
ʸ˫ȻǻʸҵˣȴܴŻʸҵڶߣܻʸҵıӻ
ìܣ
ΪĻʸңο˶Լţ
ʲôϵ
̧ͷһüͷһ仰õԭЩԵõǵЦ⣬ȥ
֣ѵͲ֪ʸ˫ݣ
Բ۾Щĵʵ
ûȤ
ǵ³õֱӱˣĿźϼ䣬ȴ˵һܵϣһҲˡ
ԭΪӦʸ˫֮䷢һЩ飬ǣڿֻûзչһȻԻʸ˫˽⣬μ棬Ͳķƣⶫڣ
ϧ
ã³лţֲҿ֮˵ţŹֵĿŷƣѵǳԡʱ͵͵õģ
仰ǲɵ΢һ飬㽫Ѿе¶˳
ָܹڵĶ
һ
÷Ѿ˶ͷ֮ڣȻֻҲᱻơ


1520 ңκ
ʸ˫ʥӣ죬ȣּ֮ӣƽʱǲڸߵġ
ϾǴһĵһ۷壬Ȼһ壬ǣȴȱһظС
Ͼδ֪Ķµģ
ЩͷʹԼôһ֣Ȼһʯǧˣõ粻ƽˣ
ںˣΪЩӽӳĿⶼ˹ԼҪһЩĦԺ󶨻᲻
Ҳ
ЩĶǰʲô˵Ҫݻ嶼׾ٵ飡
Ҫ֪ɶ൱֯
¶һĨǰδеĳء
ʸ˫ѾˣԺ󴫳Լ壬ûʸ˫Զֻ֣£Щ׷߻ʹߣͻȥ鷳
ʱЩԹ廹ӵϣ
ЩǣҪЩһﲻҶ嶯֣һֶβǡ
֮֮񣬾ڤļ£δ꿹֣ûа˭¹Ȼûе֮λǣҲ¹պ
Ҫ֪ʵǰߣһжΪԵʣ
˳壬ɼжôĲֻǣԴʧԺ󣬱޼̳֮˳֣ڲӵų
ȻڣֻҪ˿壬Ҳ壡
ʦΪΰ½˿ͻ֮
ƺǲԺڶŷʵ
˵ڰ½ϣ壬ʥ壬ǵǷ켫޿ֵĴڣκΣƺؽҲߵ˼µ۾޷ǰͻƣԲ¡

Ժڣһϵ̾Ϣ˲ɣ˵ΪŵУ½֮ϵİ壬Զʱڵλ죬ԣ޷ͬħ䡭뵱ж£򣬵ǣն޷ͻһź
֮һ仰ңκҡ
ңκң
ھãɫڵ޷仰ĺ塣
ʦΪ統ȴѵ½λ𣿡
ɻ㣬رڣ½嶼·۷Ҳ꼻һ֣ҴҶ
統еȴһʸĺ壬ƾµĵ̣ܹһְֱ״̬˸ȥƣΪ֮ѹһˣĴ˵̫ǿ޷ƥУ
Ҳǣǿ󣬸ɨ£ǣȴ֮£ɼʱжôǿǵǣΪɵ
ǡ
ϵҲǳһΣؼ֣֮Ҳˣ죬˵ҲǺ֮ǣ統еȴһΪԪԣǲܹߵشͬһ
Σʲô̬Ҳǿ̬֮ǳͣƺ־˵̬ƺܸõĸء
ڷϵĽ˵УƲ֪磬Ϊ֮صĴڣԲģҲΪ֮أƬԪŨ
Щ飬ԭס
ʦѵ޷ߵһ𣿡
һٴʵ
֪
ãϲǻ˵ţ֮Ͷ·ǣȴûһܹƽ֮
üͷûмȥ
ȷ·ܹȥΪεʱЩݺµûһܹأ
ǧţһѹһˣǿȴҲֻһѣҲһΪ˼ɵ
ͬ˸ȥǣ
ڵʱڲһ֮˿Ե½۾ǿһµĵ·ԣֻҪ֤ۣ𣡡
ܵȻǰοһ䡣
УҪǣӹ˭˭ܹ㣿ȻˣοoۣҪ볤ǳɣ
ɣҲڣеһ롭߸ϣ㳤棡
ɣΪδɣ
һԵķƱ۾ڳ˼ҲЩȤȴһֱŷƣƺҪЩʲô
ɫѰʱҲвٵſ¥ϣӢ˲һӡɵգʱԭĶ¥ʱ


1521 
¥˵¥˵һԴ滨ݣ裬ںڰӨӨ֮˸
ȻѾǺҹǣȴ硣
ʱ¥˸ˣ˵ãԸصῡܣ۽Ȼɨ䣬ȴǷ֣Щʮҵӣ󲿷ֶǴﵽ˴ʥ磬ֻӣǷʥ磬ңҲͣǵ۷壬ֻһҪʥ
õľ統еӵܣȻǲͬ죬ĳɾͣǷڰ½ϣҪһ
˵統УҲһʱΪһеĺӵܣǲǿĻԺѹȺۣ
ƷǣȻҲ˷ƣΪڣȴû˸ҹơ
ɲǱˣǸǰҰɲ˼ʲôֻҪֳ˸Ҷ
һ棬ֻҪ̫һĶ֡
Ͼ˭֣Ǿ˵Լһ
ԣǼˣǵ͵ȽϺã֪֮ҲǺҪģ
ľʯУ˿Դ¥м䣬һյأ滨ʢʵ裬ƺΪĳ׼̨
ԭҪȥκһȴǲʣŴ裬õķΣֻ£˷
֪δ᲻
˵˵һǰ˶ΣʮһȵĴڼӦû֡
ŴǴһŮʸҵĻʸ˫ȣ֪Ǽ١
ΧΧһۣڶ¶ȵĹâ
죡
һ֣ͨͨǣȴӵдһŮ֮ƣɼжô
ʸ˫Ƽ
Ȼ˫Թǣȴòϣʸ˫һɫˣˣò棬Ҫѷһ
ֻڤڳֵλŮӲ֮ȣ
һ֮صУȻҲܹӵ˾ŮӣɼⴺжôĲ򵥣ǲʲôŮܹ
ҹɫŨ¥֮ҲǱãûпȱ֮λΪڴߣܹ棬кܶƺҪһŴһ֮ƵĴﵽжô
ԴˣƵȤ棬Щ֮ӲϵעӣЩ̫Ȼ
˸ߵ¶棬Щܲϰߡ
ﵽ
һñȻݺͻأõԭЩֵĳʱͻİ
һִתģƮõĳ˶˽ȥǾ֮ϵ˼ӵ˵顣
ˡ
ྪϲĺⳡϣ𣬶ǳ˷֮⡣
촫Ѿãǣȴٳ֣ΪֹҲ¶ζѡ
һڴܲ򣬵ڶξǲǰ˽ܵش֮ڶ¶һ棬ҴҪһˣֻǣȴ⣬ûг֣⵹á
ĳˣĻ󶥼ĺӵܹҪˡ
ϧһλˣȻ̻֮ء
벻ܹһˣҲûаһˡ
ڴ⴫
ūҴ졭
ʢеĴڳˣǹ㺮ӣ¿ƮƮмƬյ֮ϣȺơ
һѩɫȹƮյĶ֮
ΨһźǣϣȴǴһɫıɴסǵ
¥֮ϣǲ֮ȻоܹͫǱɴľգֻǣͻ˼ˣûôѡ
ϼˣޱȣռһЩ覴á
ҲһΪŮӣǼΪǻʸ˫ȱ㡣
Ƕʮҵӣ޳ĵɣѩƽͣĭ磬ˬ
Ǵһģ
һǴ죬˵ò˫ΪһŮһλˣʵ̫ϧˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣƺź
ȻⴺļˣһһֻһˣȴɰѲ˷֮صҲһС۵㡣
˾Ĵȴûһ糾֮ޡͣǱ֮ʥ࣬ϧ


1522 
ڴ¥ϣдеĻУһλŮӾվм䣬˿裬Ʈʳ˼̻¹еĹ㺮ӣòɣǷ֮ˡ
ˣȴԴַ³һּΪǿҵķУڴЩӣΪϧڶ¥еЩſȴ¶Լյһ棬Ҫü
һλڻʸ˫Ůӣ˭ȡķģңλ֮󣬸ܹõ鱨ȫ飡
ɫƽĿվڻԵеĴ죬ȴôŴŮʡ
ãпǴΪòԵʣԣС㿪ʼɣԣֿȻʵУʵһЩ覴ãֻǣϸȥ۲죬ǾԷֲ˵ġ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ˶עò˭ȥעЩϸڣ
ȻǺֶΡ
һĨɫ
ⴺ͸ɫľɫŮ׳Լͬʱǣǧ˿Ƶϵ𽥵ĳΪ統еĶ
ò˵ⴺĴʼˣȷǺͷԣҲһ̻֮طչֵزȷӵдֶεˡ
ڣ統У˭ȥǴ
ԣȻǷ֮أǣȴҲΪһɲĴ硣
ڴ᲻ȫûбҪǣһУڶȻӵϵȴܹʱ
Ҫ֪ڸ󶥼еĵ̣ɲܹģʸңĴУٹ㣬Ҳ޷⣡
ԣѾչ˽زĴȴûԾӣ̬ܵͣһ¥һֱţѰ˵ȶڡ
ҲЩ̴ܹڵԭ
ٺ١
ЦƻعȴһЦĿʱǲ΢΢һ顣
ʵ˵ǲǿϴˣ
۽ֱŷƵ˫ۡ
ŷƿŴãɶǿС
ǡ
΢΢һƣĿһۣȥ˵ϵ񱭣ǳһڡ
ⴺȻɫǣʸ˫ȣȴҪϼﲻֹ
ϣʸ˫ڴ죬ϣҪ߹첻٣ʥʹȴħŮջмܹˣ
ⴺŮǣȴЩῡܵѣԷһЩ飬ǣ˭ĳȥ
ʵˣֻΪ˵õ鱨Բⴺѡ
ʸ˫ջ󣬶ܹܵˣֻᣬο̻֮صĴ죿
㡭
ЩĿɿڴĿһʱ˵
ôһ˲䣬ڻɣƾǲˡ
֣ʵ˵ǲǷ治Уʶһλʿܹרⷽ缲֤տˣվ۷磡
͡
ƲŽһ¶ڿУΪ仰һڼƷ¶ֱӱ˳췴ӦĿ죬ȻҪһ
ߵ״һЩĿע⣬ǻмĴ죬Ҳһۡ
һЩԶˣĻʱɵЩŹֵĿŷƣǶ¶Ļȡ
Щ˵Уеʱееˣʱʸ˫ԷƱ¶⣬õǺǲˬڣȴǷˡ
һǷˣΪ
ܵΧЩĿ⣬ˡ
κһˣⷽ涼Ϊɻģ
ңڱ֮ͥ˵Ժһʲô棿ȵŮʵʱֻҪЦһ
ʱƻĶˣһŮģһҪһԣһ
ĨаȵĻȣġ
һǹڼԼ
ֻԼǲ֤һ֮ǷϢǻᱻǧпĴС֪
ŮӺϡ
ƽе񱭷֮󣬲ǵһۣ˵ֻǾãλԸĿܣԼϣãˡ
ŵԼݣҲԼûҪ֮⣬һ˫á
ⲻ£Ժҵֵܣ˭ҶǶңҷĴ󵨵ȥ׷ɣ
ֵ˵ţһ˷ܵģ
⻰һʱõΧɫȥ
̫ϲ⣬˵ľ˵öֵʱͶ֣˿˭ӣҲ˭ҪǣƺҲһ裬ڵκˣ
浱ֵܣԺ˭Ҷƣ


1523 
һλһλ徾ˣȻһЩ˵ŵԷչ׳
ǰΪŮӣһȷɣַǷˣڴҲǺܺġ
ŮҲѰ֮زͬһɣÿһԼĸԣʣԲǽЩӽǶ˹
ȻЩѰķ֮أЩ֮ӶǲмǰȥģԵõԼݣ
ʱһ仰ٴνƶϵķϣעӵĿ⣬вģĽȻҲһЩźġ
ⶫҲʱˣȻһֱûп˭ΪУǣȴҲûд˭ཻѡ
Ը죬ĥǰһĽ̸ǣһпܾͻı⡣
еһĻԭԻʸ˫׷ݳ֣ǣһȴƹʸ˫ڲˡ
˵£˭ϵ˭Ҳ²⣿
ʱ֮ͥ£˿ڣʹ˵ģΪ仰˸ҶƣվǸпܶơ

ԶʥΪߵĶ̬Ҳ˹ĿһɨĶŷƣЩ˸
ϳˣȻڸˣǣܹ
ɸ
һĨȡ
ǿ𴫳еܵãҲܹһԼʢ£

⻰ҲЩ𶯣֪ΪΣ⿴ĻﵱУһ档
ֵ𣿡
ɫЩأûнӿڡ
Ը²͸Ҳ֪쾿ڴʲô⣬ΧЩϸ΢֪ӳ컹ûж˭ֵཻ
ôԼֵܣΪʲô
ѵ
һµһЩ
ڵĿ췣ʵصĻ־Ȼ޷ʵǣԼָڵĶܹƵ죬пȴѾӵһЩߡ
ˣ¾͹
ǴһĨǳЦٱʾ⡣
ΣʱཻԼûлպ˼ҲδػԼ
Ͼ󣬿һĶ˵˸ȥǵġ
ٺ٣ãҾҪֱ˹飡
˷ܣƺǼʲô顣
Źֵˣ
жӿ⼸ۡ
紺㺮ӰˣȻûҪΪУˣõһ
Ϊ˴ⴺʲôʵ˷ѽ⣡
ūҴ죬Ϊλſһ峪һס
ˮɨһߣǴ³ţõĭ磬һˬ
ʵ覴ãдһ֮ƣ
֮£һƮƮµĻԵ£һУһٱǳǰãᵯζңƣԶ˽ȥڴ֮ˣһĳԣ԰Ρ
ȻǺñ¡
Ҳ۾ڸе磬ò̾
ȻɣǣȴܹǼᶨ˳ȥԿɼٹȷǷ
ʱԭЩ滨ݵеĻƺҲڴΧ裬˳ڷ˼˾ȣӵС
쿪ڣƮԶﵯ٣ǣȴ㱵ļЩ裬Ž趯š
ȻΪþǣҲǿһƬļ紺ԴУһλŮǸ質裬ġ
ƾסˣһ׸裬Ȼǽľı˳һ˿覴ңģڣǵ˵ľŸϿյУȻԼҲǴͬһĳ
УиɫĻ껺Ʈ䣬Ө꣬ˣһжΪһľ
˽ҹ󶯣ͬʱڳſûܹǵһĻ
ãټţãͣһƺûһ˿˵ĺƺֹˣ֮˲ηѣȻǱסˡ
Ƭ̺ⴺڣϣ쳹һк֮þδͣ˽Ծ̾ⴺһ޿ޣڵ£Ҳܽǰ
ϧ覵ļˣȴ̻֮أͽһƬ̾Ϣ


1524 һ
һٸ裬סˣõ¥֮ϵ֮ǣǸð⣬ص֮ġ
ˣܹõÿܹ֣һֺܺõܣ
ٸ赱У˶ܹܵԴľһʵ磬˳ԡ
Ȼ鴫һ
һ⻷ƣǳӿʵῡվˬ˵ţҪü
ǻʼʥصʥӣȻˣ֪Ϊǽ֮ص˽Ϊλĵһˡ
ڴ⣬˾ῡܵʵݡ
Ļʼʥصʥӣڵλϣʥͬ룬ңΪϣҲڰʥӣ֮ӣδİ
ȴֻһˣȻĶ࣬ǣ봺ȵģȴûС
治֮һ
һߣͬһ֮վҪʼʥ֮⡣
ʼʥȴûһûȴûѹƣ
ȻԶ֮ӣϣ
̫ġĺĵӣĺȻˣడ
ĳ֣һ󾪺õԭЩ˶ѹеһ˿ͷ
Ǻף紺Ϊĵһˣǻѡĳļ̳ˣֲǡ
˵ҲﲻĳһңѰ˾ǻֻǳ˴ͻᱻܸɵ
Щ֮һӣվ֮ǣһǣǵϵ⣬ʲôֶζʹ
˱̬ǷǶǵݶǼΪ⣬ϵĽӰˣᣬǶѾﵽ˴ʥ磬
һ֮صŮӶѣȻõЩ֮ǻ棬õķип֡
Ȼ񱦣ȴʤˣ
Щ֮ǣһǸ߸ϵģƽʱѵüһ棬ǳⶫ֮Ѿ֮ãǵ¼ȴǺ٣˵ĺҵĺǲⴺ󣬺ܶ˶֪Ѿ˶
Ǵ̫ˣЩŮԽǳԽʣԽ
λ̬֮󣬶¥֮ϣ֮⣬ЩݵѹȺۡ
Ǻǡ
ʱһֱİʥӲվڣӢ˲ǴǳЦͣȴҲһĨ֮⣬ĮȺۣڱص֮ġ
ΪĶȴûкдʵǺգ֪Ƿһۣ
ʥӺǿ˵ţһ֮õɫɵһ䣬λ֮ɫȥں
仰˵ĺңĵѣڶ򣬱ᣬȻ㲻ܸһЩʩչҲǳԲ궵ߣʧ׾ٵġ
ң仰ͬʱҲк壬ǷǿʥأǣǸߣֻӴ򹷣ȥ޻ˣһʻʹ˵㡣
ԣǴ죬ʱҲɵüһʱҲ֪νӿڣȻǴЦ⣬Ŀȴڡ
Ϊ統ڵ鱨֯Ըص㣬ҲЩ˽⡣
ʱֹͬʱҲĿ⿴졣
ȷܹʥ̧ܵҲֻˣǶ򣬰ʥصҲһ͸Ҷ߶
ҸֲŮŮء
һһĵ˻ȥЩĪǳţָ졣
ƺʲô£ҵˣûй˼ɡ
ղСӣ˵Ҫͣ費Ҫһ
һתбۿŰʥӣеĻһķɳɱʥǴ࣬õԭҫ˵ɫʱһƬ࣬һݶҪҧˡ
ɱģһӶȻֻһ仰ȴһڰʥϣõʧжʹ죬ȻûнгϲɫһЩģúܣɫǺ졣
ʥ˸ź⣬絶ƽ죬ɷŨ
ûʲôʾ߳ⴺӾ͵Ȼ޴ˣ
ʲôû˧簡
췴˻ȥɲһԲϾҪ֮⡣


1525 㲻
¥֮ϣԭǴգڴ˿̱ƻνţǽţһ̵ϢӣЩ˲仯ս
˼ɣİʥӣõķƳ׵ףΪû˸ˡ
һӣ
ʱʥӱײǹϣʧˣûᵽﵱڵв֮⣬²̨
ʹʵϲ⣬֪ҷҶһ֣
ʥӻ󿪴ϣȴһСķΧڣûвΧ滨ݣֻڵõľ
ǵõ󴫳֮ˣƿаʥصطڷʥնɱʥǿߣʱ˲Сĺ䶯ڶɨһ˿ƥС
ţһ˭ʢе졣
Ҫдսˣ
仰нһ¥֮ϵЩῡܣһڶ¶Ϸɫ
ʵΣû֪̬ȣȴʹѾãӣû˻᲻ͷʹġ
һ֣
췴˻ȥŭȫһ٩ĿŰʥӣΪǸ˶ܹΪĶ𣿡
¶ɣгŨŨĲм֮⣬ƺΪʥ̫᲻ֵȤ
仰ڰʥӵŭٴνһ׻ͣΪʢȻδǣƺڴ˿̶ڶţ滨ݵеĻҲǶ˻ԵУĩ١
ʥӣ칫ӡλɱ˺
һ󴺷ινŵķΧУʱǿˮз˱飬¶ȼٵ½š
˵ģȻǴ죡
һɫȹ㺮ӣϴűɴ֣һһ۶ϢĴ
ǳǳЦݣвʵƣܱߣǳŴ⣬ǷΧڣȻûܵӰ졣
ʱ˲žȣԭⴺ첻ǴһˣٸһҲͰˣΪȻҲǼΪɲܹӰơ
ΪѾĸλ֮ˣʥӣʼʥӣĺ˶¶صɫ
ƣûжݣΪһʼǾѾ쵽˴Ĳ
ˣȻͬ츳ڰ½ϣûжܹӵеġ
Ҳŵ˽⵽ˣʵ˵½츳ҪͲ࣬嵱е֮壬ȸʥӣЩ𴫳еļĺӵܡ
ǣ̫֮ϡУңҲһһ꼻һ֣ãԸ޷ǿơ
ǣ統еĸʥأңǿȴûжϹÿһУԣǲܹһֱ棬۷壡
ߣĵ̣Ҳǰ½ܹģûӵԵˣӵ֮壬Ҳ޷統еͬ信ܿ⡣
ڣⴺ¥ϣһЩһĺӵܣͻƴʥ׵ˣǲǶʮѣڰ½мˣ
ǲ࣬ǿԽԽǿԽԽ˫Ĳ𽥵Բγֽľ档
ʵΪڴ¶Լʵ֮˿Ŀǲͬˡ
ʵô̸ʲôأ
ڣ˵ԼܹѹƴģȴûУǰʥֿˣҲǲɫӵѿˡ
ʵѾǱľ룡
˽֪
쵱ڴһΣڣֱһŮдһΣԼջģɷȴûб¶
ﲻһΪҲʹ˸ǣ
ʥӲ䲻ôһ仰Ŵ칰˹֣ɨһƣŴ󲽣Ӷ¥ȥ
ƾԼĵܹѹƴ죬ǣôֳ¶
ӵоԵѹ
ɸ
ת֮һĨ⣬ȥ뵽ʥصĹڵС
ٺ١
зһëȻĺЦƺܳ죬׵¶˳òܲŷƵĵôҰ̭һ֣Ҫôлң
ߣ
ưһۣûǣ䲻
ˣ죬Сԣϲ£ˬҲЩһţֱӻᷢй߱ˡ
Ȼȥܵ裬ǣȴûĻʱ򣬷ƵǾãҲԼֵܡ


1526 
Ϊʥӵȥⴺǹɽŵձ֮ɢһ̶ˮ˻̹ʼʥӵˣҲĵȴš
˭ҲûԤϵ飬ĵһˣȻҲӵв֮ӣõеǷݸ߸ܵ˴ܣС
ǵʵ˵ǵĺǿ㴺첻̬ҲԼһ֮صŮӡ
Ҫλ۵֪ɷ񣿡
쾲£һλٻӣʳΧвʵƣ˵Ķˣ˳ԡ
Ȼʣȴǲˡ
أλӶŹǰ֮صǼɣ
˵ˮƴ磬ůĻתƵΪע¼ϡ
ǽΪ˶ԣ⻰һ˱ٴνĿ֮ϡ
󣬵֮һ鱨֯ûʲôǴ֪ģһЩΪ˲֪أҲܹӲ̽
Ͼ̫ˣ統ʥصʥҲһ봺Щϵ˵ִˡ
Ͼ˭˭ⴺȻõѡڴõһ㣬ͬҲϵ֪һЩء
ԣ˶ЩڴĿŴ죬Ҫ֪ǽ֮ص˾Ժδ
ʵǲ˵УҲѾܹ֮صΪΪŵǸ˿Լ߳ģҲ˵ܹ֮ڴϸӳõʱ䡣
֮ˣ˭ܰģߵһֻҪռ߷壬ǶҪ¡޷̵顣
һȴû¶ʲô״ƽֻ۽ǵɨΧЩῡ̬ܵ
иӵĳˣΪףЩ˶ԼΪǱڵǿУֻһ¶գпܻᱻɱ
ңڶԵʱ䣬Եˣȥ֮أԲŵڣֻǾ̴ţҲᱻ˲ϸ
ǲ֪һЩǸ֮ص˵ĵϸĸΪ񻹲ѵǾҵսɣ
һʥ⣬ʯӿڣŴʡ
ȷڣ˶ڸطԼߵ˵Ҫսǽ֮صˣǣ˾ʯףһֱûѶʧһ
ԣбѾ˹Ϊһˡڵڶ
ȻλʣǶ磬ǣڵֻһ߸ͣôںԲһֱ
ЩԸʥػԶҵ֮ӣǲûԼȷĳƣϾ˭֪һֱ̣б죬ǸʱƱʯ쾪ܹâ
еǣȻû˵ʵ֪
ܱǸλܹ֮صˣĿǰΪֹǴûеõ߱
˵ţʵҲЩʧ䡣
Щ˶ûǸˣ
Ϊĵһˣ֪鱨ԶԶҪˣ֮صˣ޼Ѱƾճ֣Ȼƾʧ
˭ܹԤϵûܹɽȻܹڣһʮһ֮á
ԣʱų֮ˣ޷̣޷ʵݡ
ϢͨģﾹȻҲûеõϢ˺ܲ򵥣ض
ʼʥӿڣ˵ţϴŽ
ϵĵˣ£ܹԷĵϸǱڰеģв
һʣ֪ɷ񣿡
ĺվĶŴ˵
ĺӵ˵޷ֻҪǴ֪ģ
ʱԣǽ֮ص߳ģ֪ǲʵ
ʳ˶Ҫ֪飬Ҳں顣
ܹ֮ڴʮһӵ˵츳ֻ൱ڹʱĴۣoѣȻǣǲԽµǣܹڴϸõ䣬ܹԶô˭ҲܵȻ֮ˣ
Ϊпܴ˻Ƶǰľƣ߳һ߷ʱ˵ЩľͷҲҪâ
ԣʳ֮˵Ŀٴμڴϣ⣬û˶ڵȴŴ𰸡
ûҴһЩԪ϶෽֤Ѿ֤ʵˣǸ֮ˣԼ߳ģ
쵭ɨһȫǻ˵š


1527 
仰Ӵ˵ʱ򣬳ţЩ滨ݵеĲʵȶķܹ
Ϊ鱨ģֻҪ֤ʵ飬Ͳм٣ضʵ
ûоһ֤Ҳų϶Ϣò𰸵ģ񶨵Ϣ
ǽ֮ص˵֪Ǿǲ֪Ҳ׫һȡ֮
¥֮ϣ˵ɫʱһЩϸ΢ı仯Ƿ׷ڲ²⣬ΪҪԼ߳һֱڣܹãǷŴȣ
ʣûܹ˶Դ˶еһͷˮ
̫ˣ֮õ飬ܹ֮أǶƴƴҪڶּӣ˵ãԼ߳ˣҪ˭ѵû˵֮ڵĺô
ûͨ⾿ô£Ȼɽ֪ɽʵˣΪλֽأ
ΪҪԼ߳ɽأ˵ȥܷ񽫵ʱϸĸ֪
ڴ⣬һ˽ܳϿңƺܵ͡
ϲ¥ôضһ¡
ɨһ¥һ˫˫ͬɻĪӣ΢ҡͷ˵û֪ΪλԼ߳Ҳǽɽ֮ǰĳʦҲֻȥԲûиɽĵʰɡ
˶٣ּ˵ȷǣȷԼ߳ģΪʱ߳ʱ򣬻ɵһңڳ˶ܹȷʱΣǸҲǱ֮ɽżģɣƺûиܵɽܵѹɽЩ֮ϵ˵ܲһܹܶнٶϣڳЩܹĳƺûܵ谭ң֮ʦ֮ʱ˵Լ˯ˣԲŴá
˵ԼڣǳŨŨĲɻ
ɽѵΪ˽ȥ˯һңҲܲͷ˭һֻ˯ʮһӣ
¼˹죬˻ǲˣ·̽ɽ
ЩţʵĶţ˵硣ȻҲпİ汾˵ɽϷԵ
⣬ǳֵòŮӣҲ˵ܣ˲²һۣ˶ĵԲ޷١
ڣӴдɱ֤ʵˣȻܶ౻ˣǣȴȷ٣Լ߳Ĳ٣λʦҲ١
ֻǣȴԽܣЩ֮ǣҲеڸһʱڣû˵ĳ
ΨһӰģǷƣ죬ɫҲЩأ֣ʮˡ
˯㣬˵ǶﴫǴ˿̣ȴӴĿ˵֤Ҳʵ˷˼⡣
ѵǹ˵ģ
ȻҲܣԣܶ˶ڲ룬ǲ˽ɽ֮ĻԵԣǧʱ⻯һ˲
ϾƬΨһϣʲô¶ܷġ
ʱһλҴǰڳҲ׷Ѱȥ½˾Ȼ˰½֮һġŽУǰǻãȷţ˽뵽Žĺġ
˵䣬ҲЩ̫Ȼû֮ǰĭ֮С
ʲôŽĺģ
һʯǧˣԭƽĳʱͷˣһ˫˫֮ڶ¶ŵɫʲô췽ҹ̷һ
ҲЩĿɿڴĿ
Ϊ̵֪Ļȥ˺η
Ȼ˽С
΢΢˳顣
̫ˣԤ֪ʱ϶˸Ŵ˽³ǾͲö֪ˣ
û
ڶྪ㵵Ŀ£صĵ˵ͷٴο϶ʵԡ
ʱܹȥĲûмˣˣһԣܹ֪ȷ鱨
Ȼʱм˸ȥϢ˴Ǽ᲻˷ֱ죬ȫǹ
ѵ紫˵֮ˣ
ɬ૳Сȴõɫһ䡣
½ϵпֲߣǴʥ۷壬Ҳֻ·һԶʱڣȥĴoҲû߳ǵ¾ԵĽ
˾Ȼнڣⲻô˵Խ


1528 ע
½̫̫ţν˲֪˲ǾԵΨ·һ
û֪ΪδڵģԶʱڿʼǴڣƺ棬سʹڡ
ڣ͵ڣڳߣƺԶҲ
ͨɽͨȴûܹȷԣΪ̵ǵ̫Žڣ˻ɣǷɽˣ
ɣ
û֪治ڣ֮ɾϣܣų棬಻ģҲĳŶ׫ġ
Ͼû˼ɣ˵еɣпĳλۣĳλoĳλЩ飬ⴺ¥֮ϵˣжеס
ǣ뵽֮ڣԼ߳ˣȻ̫ŽɲǲӣϵЦҲʧˡ
̫Žô͸ˣ
𣬶ȥؼĸ۲Ķԣ֪ҲԶԶˡ
޾ԣǴǰɣԷпʹ֮ڵĿǷǱˡ
˵ţң۽ǵȴǳһۡ

仰ϵ˱˿
ԽǾ̫ˣпܷһЩ޷Ƶ顣
Ҳǣ̫Žô˵İ͵ʱڳ˻ܹţѾ˵˺ܶ⡣
˱ۿˣǹڽ֮ݵĲ룬˵硣ͳһ
ûнǰ˭Ҳ϶жϣԣ˵ݣҲǾڲᣬҲֻ΢Цҡͷ
֮ˣɲǣܹҵĲ²⣬û֤ʵ飬ǾԲӴ󴫳ģȻͻȫˡ
ٺ٣֣˵˵ֶθ߲ߣȻƭ˽̫Žȥ
һĨаȵĻȣͷŷʵ
һ㡣
Ʊֵʮƽڲûжٲ
Ľֻ֪˲ŻᴳȥЩĶԲ³ç¡
ʵ˵ʵҪһˣǲǳͷۣȻ֮ܽʮһӡңһﾹȻ˯ˣ뵱
˵һѣڹؼʱȴֹûм˵ȥ
ѵҲ֮أ
һĨâûпʡ
ּ֮ӣ¾ǽ֮Ҳûܹ֪ɣ
˵ЩˣԼӵȥ֮һôҲţңǵǱֻҲôԳģ
쾲ڻԵУΧлƣ۽ǵȴȻɨܣڷϲϵɨš
Դ鱨Ȼϵ¥ÿһ˵ݣǣȴеİƺûг֣ڣȴƾճⶫڡ
⣬ңƵΪҲѾǴʥףڵǹɴ޾ϢĲĲ
һ򵥵
֣Ϊ֮ǰδ˵ĴţңȻһ
ɲע
ɨ֮һĨ˼
һǰʥشĵ׷һˣ˵˴˵еɸ֪Ŷȸ߲ߣ
һῡܿʣһʱڣٴν˵ע˹
ܹ֮ص˱ȻǲɺԵǣɸǣ˵ġ
ǣһλĴУȻû֪ڵľʲôµĶȻͬ죡
ҴĶ෽ȷϡѾ֤ʵˣʱƬгֵģаٷ֮ʮĿԾǴ˵еɸټϰʥʸҵľٶٻܹٷ֮ʮĿԡ
ջ⣬˵
ٷ֮ʮĿɸ
˾õȷ֮ڶһĨĻȡ
ʵһҲĴѰңκΣǸ˳ʲôģʲô֪Ӻ
ǿʥػʸ׷˭Ȼȥһûκν
ǴΰʥصķУǲѾץֻǰʥΪ˶㿪ĿԲŹΪ֮
ʼʥӿڣ󵨵ʣаʥصĶĿ
޷ȷӦóŻʸҵ˳֣ڻҵӳ˰ʥصķ򡭡
ĻƽƺɸûжȤһ
Ǵص㣬ʲôϢܹƺһжûռ


1529 һ
ɸĳǣ˵ģⴺ¥ϵ֮ǣԣǲȷϢǵüͷ΢
Ҳǣ飬ǴӰʥص˿дԼҲδš
ϾʥץɸˣĻܹأ
ҪɸڵĺôҲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
뵱ɸΣ統ֳ˴ˣȴҲûмɸΣҲͺ俪ţڣңҪõĴУҲô򵥣٣ɸڵˣûѰһ˿ټ
ʵڲǰҵõһû֤ʵϢ
һ仰ȫעϡ
ٻӣΧ滨ʵ裬Ϊ
ʵǳҹ󲻾ãڰʥһؿǰֹһɸˣǣȴһ˸ˡ
˾ߣ
仰õüͷ
ɸ˵ĴţȴֻЩҲһƬհףƾճֵһԵ޹ʵĳ֣Ե޹ʵʧֻǣȴؼһɸ
ˣǵû˵Ǻ֪Ӻβ
ƵڣȴһĨ˼
ⴺĽ鱨ṩ
ֻδأԼɸ˵Ѿ֪Լǻʸ˫ǣȴû˵
ⴺˮ
ܶ飬Ȼĵˮ©ر֪飬Ҳκǣɸϵشֻ£ⴺҲ˽ģ
£ǷԼϣҲ֪Щ˽ܡ
ԭ˾ˣѵǻʸҵˣ
Ĳ²ڳϴȴû˿ȷ
ʱɸǰʥʸͬʱֵģԣǶɸˣ϶һЩֱ۵ӡԣѰҪ֪࣬Ӻ
Ϊôһ˵˷룬ĥ͸ǰʥΪǻʸҳ֣㣬ⶼûа취ȷ顣
ǺֶΡ
Цһ˰뱭¶
ⴺһˣǹἰģỹãôһᣬõ¼ͱģΪɸˣ϶ĳһУ
˵ڴҲûϷˣΪ˭˶֪
治֪ģȻܹɸ
˸пǷѽ⡣
ɸӹʱǴ統Уڵ֣𣬶ûн֮շȴ֮ȡⲻò˵ǻԵʹȻ
֮󣬴ٴһٸ裬һϢϴڳ˵飬ĿǱȽȥ
ӰˣǼеӵǴҪչһȭţ
භǸʵ˭ȥͻ˵飿
칫ӡ
ڷ֮󣬴ҲʩʩȻվȺ˹
ٺ٣ѵǿˣ
΢΢һЩɵ˵ţǴаЦ
ߵĶ̬ʱõԭѾ뿪ῡǣǿ˹׷üͷ
һЩ˲ޣһ뵽ʥӵ³
ΪⶫĶ춼ʥӣﻹ˼ǣ
ңֵĺܰҲһӢҲ洺ΧԲ˼˵ĺøС
һʱڣ˶Ǵض㣬ڲѡ
ū칫λӽһۣ֪ɷ񣿡
ǳǳһЦɴ£¶Сѣˣڶ񶼳˽ȥ
ԭǿҵλֵˣ
Цֽ˹
֣룬Ӧò˼
ͷߣһݶҪҧˣȴǴЦһһٵ˵š
һҪԼƣҲ֪ʲô⣡
ūֻλ̽һЩϵ⣬֪ɷӦ
Цӯӯͣ˲ɵıǴĵһҪǻ
ϵ⣿ûȤ
۾һɣֱҡͷ˼ˣ⣬ǰһƣֵܶкм⣬ȥְ̽ɣٺ١
һһɼǰһվڴǰ˫Ŀ⣬оǿЦ
ֻ£ɲ̽ô򵥣
֪ƹӿɷūһЩָ㣿
ŻĶˣ޲öȡ˷Ƶλá
֣òǡ
û⡣
Щֵһ飬΢ĵ˵ͷ


1530 ʶ
ҹ¸߹ң׵¹£õؼ䶼һƬʣһɫıɴ
ŷƣ뵽һڸУﲼõҲܾ£ӦǴһڶǵй
ڸ֮£һλðɫʣԵúΪء
һɫȹǰ棬ҹ紵ȹƮһλŮҪ˷ȥ
һߣ˽뵽¥УһжõĺܾڲԶһŻӦǴĹ뷿

ʾ¡
ūһ֪γƺ
Щֵһ۷ƣ˸ӨӨ֮⡣
ܺ棬ΪܶԼ޶ԣѵԼ
Ʒ١
ǴһĨǳЦڴ棬һȻ
ƹƺǿǰ𣿡
оѣһֱֱŷơ
ʧˣŷƽԼĹ뷿ڷƵڣˮ㴿࣬ûа
ңǴ̫ˣͻˡ
ҡͷĿڲһ
ŲţԼΪ۵֮ᵽ죬ֻҲĸԣ󣬳ܾԼ
ⷬĻõķƶǰ㺮Ӱˣһ־
ѣ
۲תһ֣Ȼȡһֱϵıɴʱһձ¶ڷǰõɵһ͡
˼ʣϸʳѩ׾Өˮ⣬촽񹤾ĵɣϢ
ʧˡ
Ƭ̣ƱջĿ⣬ǴһĨЦ
ҲûϵȡԼɴյȷľĶǣõҲЩʧ

һĨɫ
ڤĹмλصİŮ֮󣬾ʸ˫ּŮܹߣⴺ֮ʸ˫ʵҪһ
֮ʧֻ»Ϊǰɰˣоԭ
Ѿ¯࣬γһеʣΪһ壬ԣ⵹ҲǴȻ
ƹӹȻڲͬ
˵ţժɴ֮ǹɺ֮Ϊģ־ᶨˣҲȥֱӡ
ڷˣΪλǲɴˡ
ˡ
ЩȻǽתƣ˵֪½ν£
ۣͬ
ƹӣԴ췽˵ģǽ֮ص¼ô
һźۣѩϸۣϷõСǸһһ˵ζ漴Ʈ
¶
̫ݳˣ
ипҪһȥȴûô
˵츳Ժܳ¡
˵һ²ؼ飬ŸпĻȴû֮ģƺȤ
Ǻǡ
ЦñȻݺң΢΢ˮӣ˸ʣǴЦ˵ʵʱҴڳλǰطϵһ˿
Ŷ
ǳ񱭵ֱ΢΢һ٣һڣأǴѾ鵽˵˰ɣ
ⴺȻأ£ҲǹЩҪ
ͬʱӿһɲõԤУҲǵʱڳĴ֮ˣԼϵһ˿
Ͼ̱ӻڸǣǣԼ֮غϢǱڵܸϴˣԼһ˲䣬пܱһЩ˲
ʱϵǳЦҲĿ⿴Ϣ棬ûκβ
ûС
΢΢ҡҡͷĿŷƣ˵ʵλǰƵһ˿ƹϵΪơ
ô
ûΪһһֺܴĻ
䣡
ƵӶȻͨ죬Ѫڳɷԭ򿪵ĴҲԶرգõķֱӱȥ
Ѿɱģ
ϢǱȥԼգ
ƹӲؽš
ɷķƣûбɫ෴ģǵЦŨˣһϢһ֮ӳ嵭˷ڵɷ
ûжԿƵ˼һٶֻڱӵնɱԼֶΣǣҲԼûз֮
ǴֻҪһ˿춯ǻЩע⣬ʱԿģֻ»Ƿƣ
ԣģϵȥ


1531 Э
ǰļ˫ٻӣǣȴû˼ȥͣһƬ
ôһ˲䣬Ȼ׽ˣʶ
Ҳȷʱдڳôп㣬ϾרΪռ鱨ڵģԹ۲ĺΪϸ΢
ƹӲصǣϢҴҲûм֪Ͼ˶ӡ
쵭һЦٻţۼ͵λǰʵūҵĸԣҿԱ֤֪Ϣˣ
ʵƽ֮ǰܹȫȷҲֻǲ²ѡ
ƣҪǣǹɴĻȴڲסģһԣȻ˳
ѾȷƲĸĺӵܣֻ£൱Բһֱ
ԣҲò̾һ
緽Щӽӣܲ༤ģǵУӾһС
ƣ츳Ϊǣǣȴ̣ˣµģ
ƵĿһۣû˵ʲôǻı۾˳Ĭ
֪ϢҲɵ˿
ڴڲĻԼĴֻ¾Σˣ
췣ĴڣڣҲڸǲסִ⵽Ļ־ֻҪ֣ǻᱻϳ
紺죬ǻɵϡ
Լǳ嶯ˣ
Щûڣ֪ҲȷԲ̽Լ
Ҳûа취飬¹ϵشڴἰұѾǱ˳
Ļ
ͻȻľãǰŮӺܿ£Щ֮ӸĻԼȻŪڹ֮䣬һʼпţԼȻһһıС
ң֮ڶ¥ᵽ飬ֻҲǼԼ֮⣬ңһֱڰйעԼ
ƹӣūҲûж⡭
ƶԼǣЩԹҼȻԼƹǰȻûдҪϢȥңūңūĴ󣬶Ըķ㣬ṩһЩҪ鱨
Ҫϵõʲô
۾ֱƽɫϵջδ
ƹˡ
ǴһĨǳǳĿЦƺίȻ
ȷòֻҪеģѿܣҪ󣬶ûܹܾǣȴΪ
˵
䡣
ƹӣūֻǺҪȷݶѣûҪõʲôֻǣϣܹҴΪݱܣṩ£ԺҴܾʱԮ֡
컻һɫ˵š
Ʋû˵ֱƽûв⣬ãջĿ⣬Ҳϣҵг֮κ֪
ƹӷģūҾԲ
仰ϣʱһЦգ꼻ʢġ
λĸǽʱοһȷǽɽˣǻ˲ԵΪ߳ʱɫżȣƺڵʲô顭һϵеɫ仯λĸע⵽ˡ
ԣǰλպǱ
пܣῪһԼʢ
Ϲϵаһסǵɳ˵ʵڵģҪϹϵǲܵ飡
Ըˡ
Ʒ˾裬αϣϵ񱭣һڡ
ˮ̫ˣһСıǻһΪûк̨±ҪСĽ紺Ȼǲĵˣֻ֮¶û֮أ
ԣܹͽ⣬ȻõĽ
ңձϵ⣬ȷƾЩģԼǱˣֻºܶᱻɽ봺УֻǣΪԼ̫⣬ҲֻҪԼɳԲҵģԣѡ˽á
ڣ˴ԼڻôԺԼ±ǻ᷽ࡣ
ԣô˵ȴҲǻ¡
ƹӣūҷ˵ĵڶ顭
Ļ˵һ룬Ʊɨһۣõֱӽֹ
ʵʱܹӰʥطн˾ȳģԲ࣬ңпܾǻʸҵˣдϢǰƺʸ˫һЩԹ
ʣһİףһû߹ˣʸ˫Թ
ΨһĿԾǣƣɸˣ
һʱ䣬ϵЦݸӵĲˡ


1532 㶯û
һҹƲûдӴ棬ȻǴĴţ̾Ϣһʺ죬ʹ˵ˡ
ǣʵЩ˲Ȼû߳ûгĹ뷿һҹһЩ鱨
ڣǶһŵ˽⣬ͬʱ˽⵽ЩĿ£
ôĻ˵ȻûпŵһܹԿ½һһƴκζʵ½ȫ
Ҳ˵ֻһܹݻһ壬Ǵŵе֯죡
ңݴЩڣиΪֲĵ̴ڣЩ𴫳ļ壬пӵ
Բܰǣһֱ¡
ңʱŵҲ˽⵽һһЩϢȻܶ಻ȷǣһӵǿĴУʵϲ⣬ûһʩչȫʵԣҲȷ
ȻЩҲԲǿѨ磬Ȼ˵ǲȷǣŶȻߵġ
ЩҪôõĳλ۴УҪôҽĳһ֮oĹ֮ӣֽȸС
Ȼ֮أǣȴûеõٺôоԼֻ˯һѣȻЩ죬ǣȴûлʲôʵʵĺôڣЩӡѾúģȻڣȴǿˡƻã
ɸȻõǣԺڣҪ򿪶ɣƺĴڡ
ԴˣΨпЦֻ£ҪɸҲһ򵥵顣
л鱨
ɫҪˡ
˵ʵڵģǰȻŮӣûжٺøУԷĻֻ
ƹӾҪ𣿡
ʩʩȻվˮ˸ʡ
ŮӣһһӽԼĹ뷿ʵѾȷˡһ̣ŵܵ˲ٵĴˡ
ӣĶԼ޶ԣ
ӵдԵŲڸЩ֮ӣԣ԰ʥӣʼʥӣĺȵ֮ӣġ
ܹ֮ʮһӣҵõɸϿɵˣɣΨһϿɵĶ
ˣԺ۾Բ⣬κΣ⣬ˮ顣
ţһе¡
ƾû֮⣬΢ĵ˵ͷǳȥˣ
˽õԭҪ͵Ĵͣס˽ŲԭĵɫЩȻ΢΢ü̾һ
ΪһŮӣرǴŮӣһŮ˵һⷽ棬ĺܿԼĽԼģǲϡ¶Ըһļ̳ˣ
ƣȵԵеɸˣţƿ϶ܹӵгЩ֮ӵĳɾͣ
һġ
ϣ¶һĨЦգôľĶǡ

ڷ߳ʱ򣬱˴һЦ졣
ϧһʻʹ˵ˡ
ųЩ٩ƺϧֻǣ΢΢ŵڣȴȫЦһĨĪɫ
лֺ⡣
ƺ޺޵ĵһۡ
һԼ봺ôܻᷢ飿
ԺҪĵĹˣ
ŮˣƱģпΪԼϢҲ˵
ν֮ĲޣһһĻصŮӡ
֡
ڷ߹ʱ΢΢ӣǿ첽ȥ
ϣûŮеܰ㣬ѵ˵һʲôҲû
ЩܣĸŨˣ
һ죬дŮĴһϢһλӽ뵽ԼĹ뷿ڡ
ȻƵȷûʲôҲûд봺췢ʲôϵǣ˶֪ζʲô
Ůӣǵ˽뷿ɾѾİˣ뵽뷿ڣʲôҲԶ
죬Ϊһˣǣû˿ԿǷջ
ѯʴ֮ʱȴЦûб̬Ҳûзϡ
õķĸͷʹպʵ磬аӿԹ
˵ûи﷢һЩʲô
һǲĵʵ
˵أ
Щûĺһ䣬۾
ʱ仹м죬ԣ⼸ڣҲⶫڡ
㲻ûжɣ
Բ۾ſĿ⿴
ûĿ⿴⣬ϢҲӦòഫ˰ɡ
Զ


1533 ̵Ŀ
ӰһڣƱᵽˡ
һ磬еĸ˱Ƕһεʮһϻλ׼ΪһһԴ
ôһϢһʱ䣬Ǿϯ˼磬Ŀע⣬һʱڣǱǳΪ˽Ĵڡ
λٵֻڻĹֹ㱻μǣ޾£գٴγˣ
û˿ԺĴڣΪ˭ܻһȻںĻЩѾнľϹŶ
Ϣ֮ϹŶıǴӸǣһʱڣڣǰδеһһĿֲϢ٣ڸˣо˳ڣõЩԭŰᾫӢǣŵ̬Ƣ
ЩϹŶǲõˣΪѾܶ鶼ٹ˼ˣǣ㲻շɱһٲ˵ġ
ֳϣûԸⶪӣԣ͵õѡ
棬ӿƵȴ΢΢
ΪԽߣλԽߣֻкôܹõԴҲԽࡣ
׵ķˣϵɫĥ͸
֮һж˹ԭԼǸĥ͸ˣڣַƸԱûȤҲûȤңŮҲûȤ
һڣڣţ˭óλģҪǣǴõģ
ڻĹֵλʵĶЩУѵвɣңѵǻΪȱԴóٵ
ȫܣ
ԣҲ벻ףȥѯʣûеõκϢϾеıܹĵˮ©ģ
Ǳ˲ôлпŶ
λĵ׼ۣҲõ̾
һԴΪ׼ۣôʹһλļ۸һԴϣ
˵ûԴУ˭Ըóأ
Դĳ̶ֳ˵ֵҪԶԶλѾ֮˵Ϊ˻ʲôԸģ
ԣλļֵųԴ
֣ҲҪȥμе𣿡
ĶŶĿķʵ
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲû
ȴ죬ദǱȽɵģȻһЩ磬ȴûʲôġ
ôɣǾһȥɣ
첻ѯʵǿ϶ġ
ΪһЩԣѾҰλ
û£й䣬󣬶һ˲ࡣ
˻֣˷Ƶ˵һģ
š
룬ƻǵ˵ͷӦ
ܹ䣬ȻǸãͲעˡ
ң㲻ӦֻһҲǿԼȥⴺһ
ʲô£ǿŮ
Ҳ÷Ƶõ˲Ϣ٣ڶֲһ˽⣡
ϾϵǸ͹ȥˣҲ䣬꣬ϵı任̫ˡ
ڴУƻ֪ˣһǰһ죬ֱӳΪ統еĶ֮һʥء
֮ǰʥزһ㲻ϣǣڶ̶̵ڣȻǳ𣬳Ϊ統еһҫǡ
еԭͲö֪ˣΪʥص˵õһԵԲ̲ڶΪһ
򣬾ģӵʮҶ˿ɼһ㣬һĶȴֻҶѣǳɱȻҲ˵ȷ
ҲУ
֮һΪأڹʱƬ˼λ𣬶ҲڶԴҪꡣ
ʥرõӣõԵǿ
Ȼʸңʥأֶǲ㣬Ϊ汲ڶǵĵ̣޷Ǩơ
ЩҲǵʱ֪ģϾȻǣȴҲûнӴĺĲ㣬ԣõϢҲϾƬ棬ϸܶҲ֪ܵ
ڸ󶥼νĵ̾ʲôĸҲģƺڻĹ֮ǰһһλ۾֮ˣʱΪǶ㲻ݻ٣ҲܵԵĴȴ˵ϣνĵֵ̣סλ۹ǲֻ֮ǸһЩ⳥ѡ
ɼЩĵжôĿ£


1534 
ţȻھǧǰǴѾõһλ챯Ī벻Ȼţ̫ˣľ羿ʲôĵز
ףλԯҵԯʢ˻ȻҲˡ
⼸ڣǿַǷһλһλѾõĴﵽľп֮ഫѾһˣȻѾнľҲΡΡȴû˸С
֮ΪϢĴ󲿷ֶϡһѾߵͷˣҶǴͷмֱǻѾоǧ꣬ϹŶû˸ǣǸ󶥼ĴﶼҪã·
ľãʵѾ˵һУ
ƴӴڿȥֵϣһƬײԲԣͷ׷һ
ܹٵǵջ̫ˣ޷ܣϹŶǽԼļҵ׶ˣΪľǻȡһλ
ΪѸߣǶνٵ﷢ӳĹЧоܹõϼ궼⡣
챯ĪϹŶܵãֻͻޣ
ûд۵䣬ǧܹĶ˺պͳҲûж٣һʱһ
ʣ˭
̫ţʥӣڶһԳۣǣãã統УȴҲۣǿģȱȽǣ
Щ֮֮ĽҲǺ٣ԣҪԼ֣ôҪһЩ顣
˰ꡢ֮ʱŸߵľ磬ǣһ״̬ǹɳ徢ʧˣֻҪøáǣʲôã꣬Ҫһ
һԣƲƲ죬ƺԳֵλûаȤ
˭ܳ
̧ͷ
˵
һĨĻȣĵ˵кܶˣƾһЩⷨŻȥֱһʢ١
ţ
һĨ죬ЩĿ
ٺ١
Ŀһ۷ƣЦһûнֻͣǣͬһĨɻ
ԷƵΪ磬ͷȻСΪζһЩȴǸ֪
ĳƲװģԣںܻɷƵ
Ǹֵˡ
ڣɫˣƺҪƳ׿ƣ֪ƵһвŰݡ
һ𣬷ƶش
ΣӲһ
ٴαƽʵҲࡣ
ϾҲ٣лңԸӵݳޣҪԼ˶ܹ
⼸ǲܵ飬ԼҲò̫ܣȴǳĿŬţҲĶ
ûܹǣÿһ˶ԴΪĿ꣡
ˣˣÿһ˶ˡ
֮һֱдﲻϵӿǣõĶڵգˣַΧ֮£ˣ
峿ڵһ붫ڵʱ򣬽ֵϱվˣǳųĵȥ
죬ҲУҲΪڣԭҪƷƵῡܣҲͣ˽Ų
ƵڵĲȻǿңǣܹƥУңһֱûдʲôݣաơҲǸһӵܣõһЩԵѣǱ̫࣡
ˣƾʲôܹõһ˵
û˷෴ģǴ⣬һ뿪ҪúõĽѵһ֪ߵغСӣ

ܵΧһ˫˫ڴŵĿ⣬ΨпЦˡ
ϵ˻ȴҲ࣬ʱһõԴǰ򣬽Ϸħɣ
пܣǲϣЩῡǷĳͻ
¡¡
ʱͻأģضˣھҵĶɫҲǿ籩꼴Ϯһѹֵգؼš
ô£
ܵ˽µ𶯣תͬųȥ
ԭѣǣɫȴɵģ֣ҪˣһƬĩյľ
˱ɫѾ߽֮ڵ˶ٴ˳һ׷ԲԵϹŶڿնԭǵӱһƬ貣ͫҫۣ˲ֱӡ
ǶңԶأƺڹ۲Щʲô
ڷһԵҲһĨ죬תӨӨ֮⣬Ǻӣ޵ףԶ
ףѵǡ
üͷ΢΢žȡ


1535 
ؼͻȻ䣬ʱ˶˵ע⣬ؼǹѹֵϢЩ׷ԲԡнľϹŶҲǴصɫ
ڲţƺԵ£ʲôӵ
ǡ
뵽˵ʱ֮ʱڰʥصĿ飬ƵɫҲɵһ䡣
Ī̫£ʥصĳϼﶼѹƲˣʱĲ֮Ǵй޲룬ӦǸΪֲҪˣ
Ƶɫǻָ
ΪʱڶڵĴ̫ˣңϹŶһģǵΪɲ⣬ǧǰͳʲô£ǲӲܣ
ԣĬĬĹעԶĶ̬
ǿļΪ涼һţҡڲ̼䣬һɲѷǴλģ˷Ӷ
˿̣û˭˵עţҪ֪Щ߽еˣ˳ڹš
¡
䣬һըһƺˣǶĴ˴ըһŹâӵ±ŷ˳

һĴЦ쳹أΧĿռ䶼ڵţХľ糯˷ϯΪƴ󣬾ħ
Ȼǡ
һ˫ͫϾȼգĿһֱŴӵص֮³ϡ
Ǹˣ
ûǲڰʥؿֵֹһ֫ȫˣ
ĸߴһϵΣɫЩҰˣȥΪƾɣͷ׷Ʈһħ㴣Ǹ߿ϣƴбܹӰ֮ơ
ôһˣ
˶Ǿɵĺ˲⡣
Ĵ£ΪȡԴʯڳ˲ٹǣȴûг˵ļأңԼġ
ףôЩϤ
ڲԶһ׷ԲԣϵƤƤһϹŶ΢΢ǶƵüͷ૳ƺЩɻڻЩʲô
ⲻܣѵɣ
ſڣһҲнľϹŶľھǲŵɫƺǿʲôܵ

ĿⶼǿϹŶƺҪҵ𰸣֪ӵ³˵
̫ˣȻڵ£һֳôĶʵЩ˼
ϹŶݷƵĹƣֻҲǻ߰ǧˣӦҲûж¿ɻˡ

ʱЦӽǴӵ±ųˣȻǳŶǸ˹һʱڣһɧ
ħ㣬ƺ嫣ƺͶԿɴݻأõĺЩﶼ¶صɫһƺڷš
ˣ壡
վſڵǸϹŶò˵˵
ʲôǽ壿ôܣôܻţ
ʱڶڱǾ˴ܣɫ˲ĺѿ
磬ʥһˣ
壿
΢΢ſ䣬ĴһЩ
֪˵ʱҲɵĵһ
壬ԭⶫһһҵļǣȴΪõһʥؼʣӶ˻ԵĴǶ̶̵ļ֮ڣұΪƽأŵУʱֻнһͻΧ˳ʥصȻ׷ãȴһֱûѶ
÷𺳵ǣˣȻǧǰǳѾõǧǰѾǧ꣬ôѾһǧ꣡
޲ЩϹŶЩȣ¶ǹɺ嫵ƣȴõǳ
ˣܹǵģ
ǧǰ⽭Ѿʥ۷徳ǿߣȻҲԲܴӰʥصΧӳڣôõµĳΪضǸΪ£
ԣ˿̰ʥص£ɫѿ˼㣬˴УʥֻҪд鷳ˣ
ѵͻ˵۾ɣ
һõ˵Ķɵһ
ÿһ˵ĻɣΪѾ˳ʶѾһǧ꣬ЩҲûлôԶһʥףܹ쵽
ûУҸоṳ̂һֻǣпܣѾֻ̤Ǹˡ
һ˿üͷ԰ףȴߣӦһ֮жϡ


1536 벽
ڣʱ˿̣ձЩѹ֣鶼ɵĳȻɫѿĻǰʥһˡ
ǧǰѾʥ۷壬ڵľ޷ϹŶɣʥ۷廹̤˰벽
һɽѹļ䣬ģЩ
·£ûܹһܹʥ۷֮߰벽ôǾԳĴڣǾ޵еģԳ
һ磬һƺ벽ۣ
Ȼֻǰ벽ǣ۳˱ߣ֤ѾӴ˼µĴڡ
ϸûдÿһλڻĹʱ֮˺պʵİ
ʥ鷳ˡ
˶ÿϷĿ⿴ʥصһȺˡ
ʥҲҪԲ궵ߣ
ѾǻĹʱ֮ǰ޾£ÿһĵ̶ĥҪշɱ벽־ǿߣǲܵģӦƾĵ̣֮еġ
ˣʥƱҲԴ
ԣǰ벽Ӧûû
ڷԱߵ죬ĿһֱŽӽĽ壬
ţ
ƲĿЩ⡣
⽭Ѿһǧ꣬ṳ̂ǰ벽ģ
ʥоŽ٣ɹŽΪ۾Ҳ׳ƵĴۣʥ۷Ƕɹ˰˽٣벽ֲָۣµھ췣ûгɵ۵ˣ
һƺڤڤб˶ϣΪ޷ԽԨ
ȷǰ벽ۡҪǰ벽ɲô׵飬ҲƱҪ벽۵Ĵϴӣ֮£Եص֮µԴʯϢ״̬طӳǣȴûжɹ벽۵һδ٣ԣǰ벽ۡңӽݽߣǶɽ٣·һԡγĿģֻǡλ
Զһ׷ԲԣƵϹŶԵɣϸĽ
ԣϹŶҲһ֪ҲҪȳ˶࣬벽۵Ĵţ֪ıȳҪΪϸĶ࣬ǴδٵϢһ
벽ۣҪɵĴȻǾ췣ǣҲǰ췣ܹģֲܿлĴ٣ܹɹļҲǳã
ԣѾƾطһǧĽ壬ҪΪİ벽ۣҲǻСңټߣֻǶڴٵУ
ԣʱųˣҪλλڵӴɽٵĳɹʡ
ԭ
һĨ˼Ŀ⿴Լ˶ǰĽ壬΢
ڰʥأûаøУΪ׷Լһлʸ˫֣ҪӳʥصƿأǺѵġ
ԣȥҰʥص鷳Ǻģرʥ𣬶ǿ
ϧǣ⽭ȻţǣȴҲûжɻˣõλֻҲһܹɹǴδ١
Ͼƾ˲ģȻǽ֮ǣЩԶϹŶȴǲ࣡
ЩϧҲЩ˰˿
˵ڳûϣܹõλɹ٣Ϊ벽۵ģ˵ûκκôֻвǣͳελ
ԣˣõĽ
ʥصĹǣû뵽ɣ㽭үүţ
崣ڶǳǽ֮ϣϾɵ죬һͷ׷Ʈ裬ĴЦһħһɿֲ˳ڵˣܵһ޵ѹ
õÿһ֪ѾһǧѾǸˣ
Ҳ֮ϣң°벽۵Ĵûмܹ뿪
һ仰õİʥһȺɫ࣬ĿⶼĶǿħӰǷŭǵǡ
رǰʥӣѾıǼʥصԪϻƺ½᲻һеնɱǵʥһ
ȷʱĽңƾǵҪҲǲܵ顣
ǰǶǣǰʥԹϣǰܹ֮Ҫˡ
˿ĴĿһɨǸȻֹ

Ц׷裬Χ춯ռ䶼졣
ԭЩˣҪɵηĴڣڣȴϣ˼ɣշɱκˣ
֪ԼѾãҲǳᣬҪʥظѪĴۣ


1537 ĪĴȱ
ʲô˲£
ʵģӵǿʵҺ޹˼ɵˣ
죬ΪԸõ֮Ӷ棬ڵĽ壬ֱһˣ
Ը򶥼Ĵ˿̶ѡ˳ĬԸ˼ɵӲӲ
壬ǶǣƻأҪΪУ
ʥڵһǳ絶̹ǡ
ٲ̬ʥԺʲôۣ
ǰ죬ʥӲű൱ǵڴ˿̣Ϊֱ൱ưʥصȨǲѹˣʥصŽ󻡶ȵĽ͡
ѹƣ̸װԣ߱죬ΪҪѹƽ塣
ɲô˵
Ļ£һŲڳ
Ʋͷɨ˹ȥǼһվߣƻһϤӡ
ǻʼʥصˣ
һǳһ΢СĻȡ
ϴڴڣʥܷҪһѹˣ̧˰ʥأȻǽڳ˼ˣʱ˭Ըʥسͷ
ԾǰʥصͷңҲţţΪʥģǻģرǴʱðʥضҲ졣
ǰǶǰʥصĵ̣ʲô£ѵʥػҵֻμȡλѡ
ȷŽǰҲһλǰΣµ¡
ǰʥص˽˶Թҿɲȥ
мվ̬侮ʯõİʥһɫһƬŭǣȴҲûκΰ취
ʵʥûеǣҲִ£ֻǣ¼ǸһõĽڶѡ

ЦĸˣǹһУ˫˸˸ڣζ볰ɫǿһȺСڳš
ǧĳԸͱˣû˵ֹ˼ɣʱ˿̣ûʲô鲻
ֻǣһע
λ
ЦͣһĨɫ૳ѵǻĹʱֹ
۾ǳҫۡ
ʵڵ£֪ϵ飬ֻǣΪ֪ԼѾûжԻˣ㵽˽ʮһȵᣬԣðʥشѣȴûϵٵ
ԣϵҲĳ
ৣ
ֻһǳڰʥһǰŶһڰʥسİʥϡ
Ȼǲ츳ϧ˰ȴڰʥء
¶һĨζĻȣʱõİʥһ˶ǽ˼ɵķӻᶯ֡
һȥݷǰʥصģͣҽضҪӱ֮
˵գһǳſڴȥзĴЦ
ȻЦȴЦиܵһŨŨı
ȷߵ˰벽۵ĳ̶ȣǣܹݻٰʥ
ԲܣʥܹΪĶ֮һô׾ͱݻٵģңɱҵˣʱ˿ֻ̣ѾΪһˣ˭ȥ
ңܹݻٰʥأܹԼ˵
ע˱ԣӵľȻ
ǿΪ磬ߵĴڣһֱ
ƵҲЩһ̣ƺһЩʲôһͷзѿ
ǿԣҪıǿΪĸֻ֣߲ܹõӻŲһ緢
⣬ҲԸ
˵ʵڵģһֱһôܴ⵽ֵزΪˣԼִȱ֮ģΪд
ңƺûжȤ෴ģھȴǻ飬ңҩ츳ҲǺܾˣǶ̶̼ʱ䣬ǳʥҽʥصļλ̫ϳϡ
÷Ҳĸɻ飬ɣֻܹҲἫΪˣܻᳬԼ
Ҳ֪ΪΣоָоԣڵʱԼĸ飬ϧҲҪǻǴٳ˵Ե
һֱûԸҲǿԣΪһֱƽƽɫڼŮУһֱģ
Ȼȴע⵽ˣûǣΪľ磬ȴһֱ
ҡҡͷƲûȥ̫ࡣ
Ҫıڵĸ̸֣ףûоԵʵЩͷǾԲܷԼϵȨġ
Ѿϰ˸߸ϣ


1538 ˵
ʵΪ磬ûеԣеľȭͷѭ֮£кô˳ΪǿߵǣҲб׶ˣ޹ˣɱ¾ܾ衣
˵ʵƱҲ֮ܺһ
пܵĻ
ƴʱûо߱ƺЩʵҪߵһҲԶҲܣԣֻܽͷĵס
ҪΪУûһʵȴģǻһ
߰
һЩʧķƣһͬȺгȥ
μᣬĿģÿһ˶֪УŵĻǰʥصˡ
ǸõλôҲɹ벽۵Ĵٵϣ͸ˣǲԸģԣҪȫֹ
뵽еУ̨һöӨ͸֮󣬱һŮˣŹȥ
һιЩ֮һŷǳڷǰ
λӣǵĹ䣬ףܹĵԼǵ񱦡
һ䷿ſڣ˷֮Ů΢΢ʩ
С椶𡣡
һåǴһĨζָŮ°ɨóԴʯŮУ㣬һŮ۵С֡
лʹ͡
ŮȻᱡȴûзɫ෴ģ¶Цݣˮ˸
ӣУңӵݣ˵ŮǵĶи˻ô
ֻǣȴûûεĲٱʾһӰԹԵ˽ȥ
ŮȻȻʩһ֮˳ȥҹ˷š
ԴˣЩ
˵һåɣʵϷŮӴԸģǣŮӾĸԸȴ˶Է⣬͵ûп
Ǹʲôأ
ԽǺһദƾԽԸϲ⣬˸޷²⡣
֣ĶʲôΪβϸң
֮ſʵǲˬĵŷơ
һͻװأ
ֻһЩСѣִӾԿϡ
һƽĿϡ
𣿡
۾ͻȻ۹ŷƵ۾òᡭλİɣ
͵õһǰǰͻųһЩˣõȵڣ
˭λʵҲûеֻǲ²ѡ
¶ˡ
ƴһĨǳЦ˵ͷ
Ϊ̫һֵܰ㴫ܲϰߵˣ˫֮ľ롣
ߣֶó
˻ȥһûȤ
λܹ죬ȻԴʵ˷ѽ⡣
λΪһĵ̱棬ΪڹؼʱӳЩϹŶԴȻ󣬵ǣ;ȴֻһӵܶѣ˫֮ļֵһ۱ܹ
ֻǣΪֻλǷӵĹЧҲѣιǾͲͬˣ
Ѱûˣκε䷽Ҳһ꣬ЩУ߰˰궼пܣдţһﵽ˾Űٶ֮ã൱ǧ
ļ۸񣬸޷ƣǧֱ꣬ӿٳһ꣬Ǵֻ˵ľͲǸĴˣǵ֮ǰ
Ǻǣ˵
Դˣ΢΢һЦĽͣǽĿ⣬͸͸Ĵڣֳ
䣬ܷģ⣬㴦ⷿڣҲ֪˭Ψһ͸ڣֱӿֳⴰڣҲǾĴĿǣȴ޷ľ
Ǹ˹˽ıǸıûܲµ˭
ȻʵܹģҲмݣ˵ԽǸߵܹ͹ǵݣ䣬ֻΪǵݵһַʽѡ
᳡ϣ½˽𣬺ܳһʱ֮᳡ˣûһλ
ɨһۣһʱ᳡ڣҲмˣ
ɼ᳡ĳж
ңȺУҲ˽ڣλþȻڵһš
õķЩ⣬΢һҲˣ԰ʥزпǹʩչ˵ֶΣ˷ʸתø˽壬Ҫʥزù


1539 Ĳ²

һڳ쳹᳡ϱǻİú󣬵ƹҲȥֻ̨ϵƹԣҲеĿ⼯ǲʮƽС̨ϡ
󲻾ãһͷЩ׵ߣĴһ̨
λԸѣӭҶУμһεᣬĻҾͲ˵ˣǿʼǵĵһƷ
ߵĻһ䲻࣬£ֱĿʼţֻһһԲ̱ǱС
֣Բĺɫڲ¶һûƴСС
ס
ڣһĨ죬Ҳһ
һƷһλ׼ΪһԴÿνм۲һǧԴʯڿʼ
̨ϣһֳԲ̣һһС˷ϵɫС죬ȫš
˭ҲûϵλȻɵһƷһʱڣϱǱһɧһ˫˫ȵӣĶһСУҪ֮ơ
зһܹƣ˶ֻɵһ㣬ܿʵ
ܴܲȷһǲλ
ϣһЩ˻ƣĳӦһˣС
λֻڻĹʱڲųֹһֱұ磬½ûзټֻա
ڣ֣Ȼȫ˵Ŀ⡣
⵱Ȼԡ
ԥһûзԵǵͷӦˣţһֻϵС΢ЩĽƷеĺиϣƺССĺиǧأѴһ
ա
һ죬ţһ޵ܰӿƢ޲ݣϹŶһʱڶǾһָĻ
һӨ˸ַͨۺɫС¶ǰʱȫĺһ̼סˣûз
һ俴ȥΪͨС꣬ЩǺ÷ȴԼɫӨӨ֮⣬Һһ־ĶǵӾǾޡ
Ҳһ˲䣬ʦ߱ǽйرˣǹܰҲĵȥ
λ
һŲг˼
꣬纮÷ǹż֮ϵһģһ
Ȼóλһ䡭
˭ֱǱﰡ

Ƕλǲժȡ˲ð
ڣһ˫Өԣ૳õһԵķһ顣
һˣⶼˣ
֣Ǹطժİɣ
ͻأģתͷŷʵ
˵أ
ƲɫһģɵĻ
Ҳǡ
صĵ˵ͷңõͳ˵ʵһֱںһɣǿ壬ƺܹݻһУ췣ơһ֣żϼص֮ڵЩƣ룬嫣ڵƺҪЩŵе֮Ҫǿʢ֣ѵѾƿ֮ˣ
仰һĨȻ
ȻһµĲ࣡
õдΪ𶯣ңȻ֪ôأȻ֪֮ǿ֮֡
֮߶ʱ򣬱˶ˣصȥ½ϵϣʵҲѲ²
Ͼ֮ƾںϲͬʥ𲽵ĳɳġ
ǣ֮ĳɾͶǲһңԶʱڵе֮һȣʮǧԣ˴󵨵Ĳ²⣬Ҫ׵ƿ֮ܣضҪһЩΪ̵֮ȴﲻԲ޷ƿϵܣ
Ĺ۲£ڵȴԶԶ֮ԣǴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ƻѾƿϵܣ
ٺ٣ѵҲˣ
ƾþòЩ˷ܵĽе˸ʡ
֮񰡣ǿ֮һƥڹżϣû˿Ժӣ֮дܹļ¼
ֻǣźǣ½壬ƺǴһħ䣬ܹΪشͬ
ԣ֮ӵƥ֮ˣȴ޷һֻܾλ
ǣҲû˸С֮ΪֻҪڣǿԼŮʯҲ֮ûа취


1540 һ½
һԴǧԴʯ
һԴǧԴʯ
һԴһԴʯ
᳡棬ѾпˣĽмϣڼϢ֮ڣǳһԴʯĸ߷塣
ЩǴʱȴûгֵĴ㡣
޻̸֮
Ӳѹе𶯣ƽ˵ţĿȴֱӣ᳡
㲻þΪϲݵģ봺ȥ̵鱨ʱȴԼĵ׸й¶ˣ
Ȼûǣĸ߶ֻ¶֮Ѿһ˽⣡
Ȼ½ˣܹ̤һɾ𣬵ǣֽ䣬˵λûܹϣԣһǿһʱ
Ȼֻ꼻һ֣ǣ¼Ҳľȸ󶥼ĺӵܣ
ȻΪ½Ĳ𣬾֮壬ҲɳıȽϻһĳɳͽʯ쾪
ߣ
첻޵ĺһûʲôҵʵۣ֮ǲڽָռ䵱УҲһܹƣ
ʲôȻʵۣ֮
ƻһͷˮУԺȴǴϵľЩʲô˼һ
ʦʲôʵۣ֮ѵǱΪͫɣ
Щ׷ʵ˺档
ʵ֮۲ͫ
ϸпһǴصĿ˵ţǣȴͫʵۣ֮ģܹʵȻʵ֮ĺôɲֻЩңشĸҲҪѰ˸Ϊ̣ܹ֮Ƶ򡭡Ҳѹ֣Ȼܹµ֮壬췣ʵ
侹Ȼͫ
𺳵Щ˵
һˣƾǰܹؼεĴڣôٶȣǶôĿ£
ѹ֣ΪΪңҲһֱ
Ǹһ˫۾ȸ·壬ң֪ԵеУܹƣӶദӦ֮ĵ֣˭Ҫͷʹ
ģʵۣ֮ҲƲڵΣ
ϵȻܹµеĵǣǿڰοš
򣬾ͺñһ˵磬Ϊһ磬۾Ǿûа취Ƶģ

ƺ˿ȴһĨǡ
Ϊʱʸ˫ȴԺڣȻܵɸǣпѾ֪˷˵ܡϣ
ÿһˣϣϱͨ죬Щˣȴ츳аϣһϣΪϣܹܺõĹͨشңͬףӳҲҪͬף
ڵķƣȻֻǴʥһ㾳磬ǣƾ֮ӳʵܹ൱ʥ㾳磡
ƣҲھϵƱֵĲԣǣһʥ۷֮Ʊǻ͹Գ
ͬףĳ̶ϣ룬жôĿֲ
·£ʱһ۷壬޵֣
ԣǱʸ˫֪ˣпܣʸҵΧɱ
ڸˣһ֮Բԣʱ䣬ֻ֮ҲʱΡ
۽˹ЩͱˣңλǸطƿܹ֮֮ܵ⣬Ǿͱǵ۾ſԣֽûе۾ĴڣԣҸҿ϶ϳֵλժģ
Խ˵ڵĹʱǸΪҫۣɫҲΪ
ֱ飬һֱӽԼϵ׶ҿˣҪȥ½ߺɽһ
˵һ϶нԼڳ
ѵһ½ˣ
뵽ƾȻλﻻȡԴɫȻһ䣬еĻȻһĪζڣڵҲҲ˻ȥ
һ½
תͷɫЩԵⶸȻһ
뿪½ʱڴ½ϸ߶ҲȥһƬսżǣҲûеõ׼ȷϢңһʷƺʲôĨȥˣܹ֪ʲô飬ڣֻ¶ûм˻֪ڰ½ôһ½Ĵڡ
㡭
쿴ŷƣź˼Σû˵ֻǣڵĺɫȴǸˣƺƵһڹ۲š
㾹Ȼһ½Ҳѹ֣Ȼֹ̥֡Ȼܹƿ췣֮
ƺ뵽ʲôһ


1541 
֣˵ʲô˼
ƸѹƲסеĺģڶʵ
½̫ܣoΪǴսľʲô½Ϊλᱻա
̫ʣò÷ƺҪ֪еԵɣ
ڣһ˽һЩ飬Ȼ뵽½֮󲻿ܻ˵ıɫ
ԼǸطĻ֪
һۣ΢һ٣૵ҲԣЩ飬Ӧûж֪
Ȼ֪
һ
һУӵʵۣܹ֮Ϊ֪أ½һ
ˣԼһ֮ˣ
ǻָ˷״̬ŷƿͣǿʲôһ
ߣҲ֪˵ʲô
һתͷȥٴο⡣
һԴǧԴʯ
Ǽ仰̸ʱ䣬ļӼѾ˼Դʯ֮ࡣ
֮ˣȻģ
Ʋɵĸп
ڽм۵ģһȻܹΪһλóִǶֽ֣ôһ棿
ѣ
Щ޺޵ĵŷƣһ޲ҧڵģ
ȷڻǲ²ѣܹԵȷ
Ǿ֮Ĺżصĺÿһܹ֮׵ƿ֮壬ԣ󶼲գңҪǣƺÿһ֮ԼҲҪβܹƿԼʡ
壬ؼһ壬ΪֻʣܹںϲͬԵܽͬشΪһ塣
Ҳ֮岻ǿģǣΪģ
֮Ϸ糾ǣаֻϧ˲û֮ɳ֮аѾ伣
شͬ룬ѹһУԣؼ䣬Ȼֹ𣬵ǣȴûͬһֹλƺΪزɣҲпΪڵʱ򣬴ܵѹƣ˿³ѡ
ȻֵЩҲûд˭ܹںϲͬش
ش޾Ҳδ֪ĴڣǣȷǣÿһشǻụųģǿҲ޷ͬشǿںΪһµĴ
壬Ϊһ壬λ壬ɵ㡭ڿƺҲһԭġ
˷ƴڣڴĦλĿġ
⣬ܹģ츳ͷҲ벻ԭ
ֻǽΪ˴ޣޣλ
ðɣ
λȻƾ֮һ䣬ǣȴκΣʵȴԣֻܾһż
ôõˣûзһЩʲôͬѰ飬ֻ֮أҲ꼻һָ֣ȥٴαԭ㡣
֮һŮ洹
˵ų˵Ĳ
Ҳһʢٵʱյ׻ҿ
ŷĻ
Ȼ½ԭ򣬵ǣҲ뵽һͲһ˵ԣɴͣĿٴֳ
ٺ٣е˼ˡ
˼ãĿָкٺһЦҲûжʣǽĿ˳ȥ
ָоҲͳϣ
ΪڷŴĻѾ췣켸ȷǾصĻ־۶ɵ췣
һ˾ȻܹƿصĻ־ѵֲ𣿣

Դ
һǹһгõԭмЩƵĳ棬

һɨȥǷ֣ڽм۵ˣȻǻһǧϹ壡
ڿʼмˣңֱԴмۣ¶ıص֮ģ
ʵ˭еԭĿ꣡
ǽҵļнҵȫҵһƴ
˵һʱھȻû˽мۣƺԸ˼ɵ̧ܡ
Դ
һӶ¥һдһ֪֮˵Ĳ
ǰʥصˡ
Щ죬ƵҲ֮һĨǳǳĻȡ
ƴ̣
ĿԴ
ȻڰʥصĽмû£ٴνмۣҲһϼһԴ


1542 ˭˭
ѾԴˣûټӼ۵ģλֻлĹʱڲųֵʱ֣ʱ
ʦ̨ĽкţҲǼΪܡ
ʥһһԴϼӣõڹڵķƣҲǼΪ⣬¶һĨǳǳĻȡ
շϵĹ㣬һλܹԴңִᣬǺпĿ鵽ĳ̶ȣǣһλѾм۵Դһûͣ
˿Դ
ڵһţɣвҪǮһϼӼۡ
仰϶쳹һСľǳŰʥصĹ俴ȥ
ʱڹڣʥλֻǣɫһƬ࣬ܲÿ
ģ⽭ҵȻţ
֮һλȥʮ꣬΢Щ˸âɭ
ӲӣδԴ࣬ҪʥһЩʡ
һȽݵ߿ѯţĿ⿴ʥӡ
˭ϵȻͲǵƤ£ǧȥˡӦҲ˶ãֻҪõλ
ʥ۾ĿڣõλϽǵͷ
ǧǰѾǧ꣬ƾһЩ۷Ϣڵ£ǧȥˣڵҲӦĵĲˣȻΪλѡأ
ſԴ
ЩĳϣҧҧֱӼһԴ
ȷܸõԴȻǸĻᣬɹ٣ôʥصʧôһǰˣ
ܿϧǰ׼Դȴǲ࣬ڣҲԴʯмۡ
ԣ˿˵ϣǺˮںţҵļҵ׾жԴ
˭Ԥϵͻ¼أ
ʮԴ
ûԥģٴμһԴϿʲôɫ˵仰һļ򵥣õĹİʥӵЩѪ
ʥӣֻ˶ʮԴôȥ
Щ߿ڣЩɬĶŰʥ˵
ʱѾԶԶĳλļֵңʮԴȥֱǷӵо
ߣ꽭ȻΪһǣļҵжԴ
ʥһĨ⣬ǹһĨյЦ⣬˵ǾУøٺ١Ҫƾһλ죬ǲܵ顣
ʥӹȻ߼
⻰õλ϶۾һ
ϵˣһĶ֮ϣļƵģ٣Ϊ˽ԳΪھԵǰ棬һıӰ
ʮһԴ
ǷɤӣǴĽеЩܷ
ʮԴ
ǰڱصá
ֻ˷ƣ㶼ҪʧЦˣȴΪһڣһֱţࡣ
˷ˣ֪˵ļңһλ͹ˣαأ
ʮԴ
ڰʥһͷ֮£ߵƬ̺˳
٣
ĽмûԤϵе𣬶ǴһϷʵĺЦʱʥӵɫһ䣬ӿһɲõԤС
Ȼǰʥ˵ϣõһλôҾøǡ
Ǵų٩ڳõ˶ɵһ㵡
ԭڱصõˣȴͻȻľͷˣ仯֮õЩӦ
ܿģҲеԭ
⽭ϵԴҲޡ
һףɫЩÿرЩΪλϹŶǣⶼЩ˸
ʵڰʥظղŽм۵ԥϣҲܹ²ʥԴҲͲʮ飬ôһֻ֣û֮ˣ
ڣҲڽϣʮԴ
һλԴõüͷ
ЩӦò֣ΪǺĽõλӶʥһ鷳
ʥؿʮԴû˽м۵ģ飬û˽мۣɽ
ʦƺҲЩȲĴٳһ׮ȵĽףϵɫС
һλ˰ʥУõȫ˶¶Źֵɫ
һΣʥǳԶˣ
֣׬ˣȻᴺͣ
ŹֵЦţŷ˵š
ߣ
һûнͣҲûгϣͷƲһߡ
ʵвϣҲʱ⣬ֻҪ컨ʱȥɽһˣԼʲôܹ


1543 ڰʥ
ܿģбǱʦЦݣٴδӽָóһԲ
õ˲ɵ
ѵλҪǰ
һƷ
˵ţʦ߱ǽҿ˸ǷԲϵĺڲʱһӨ¶ǰ
ѵǡ˿
ڵڶŵһӣͫ΢΢һʱ
û
ʦЦӯӯĵ˵ͷҽ˵˿ףԷһٴʥƲ׵ķǸСѱ֮
һ˿;˵Ȥ
Ǳһ㣬ܹʥ׵Ĺ
ƵĿⶢԲ֮ϵһӨӨ˸˸˿¶һֲŵɫ
ʥ磬ǿǷڰ½ϣǶһˣǾ춯أǣȴƲⱡһ㱦ף
ţеʦ˵
濪ʼһǧԴʯۣÿνм۲һԴʯ
ʦ壬쳹ȫ
ǳ汦
ипһ˿һȤ
ȻѾʥˣòֶǣȴԼļò
һǧԴʯԭ᲻õģǣһλ͸׬ʮԴǻԴʯǽǽʮĿ
һЩְ½ûеʲôϵأ
һǧһԴʯ
һǧİԴʯ

ǧԴʯ
ǧԴʯ֮󣬽мԵıǻҲûмڽС
ֶ˵ȷô󣬾һЩĲϽȥֵܹٴʥ˹ѾǲˣԣûжȤġ
ǧԴʯ
ƿڽмˣһԼ߰Դʯ
ıһۺ˵Ŀõĳ϶ǳĬ
Ǵӹ䴫
ڹ䣬û˲᲻֪ʲôûжĺ̨ǾԽȥģ
ԣм˿ĵˣҲͣٽмۡ
ǧԴʯΣɽ
һ˿˷С

˿һĨ˼
ᵽĺô
˿ԭǧԴʯ´࡭ôлң
ĵõԭǲɵһ顣
󣬺ٺ١
ط
üͷһ
֮أȴǲ̤롣
û̸
˰֣ǿƵĶ֣ɱΪֻǵķ֮أʵĵһ¥˵գûܹȵ˴ĳʦ
Ŷ
Щȴǲ˽⣬ôһ˵ҲĬ
Ժô˵ڣ
֮ʦһһĵرҲ˲٣ΪԼ׼ġ
Ϊڹ䣬ԣʡһԴʯҲ˲ٵɻ
ڹˣΪλںЩƷأ
˵Զĵ̾бЩõĶڣҪЩеĲдƷ
ȴҲûǸȥʣÿηƿڣû˸ģᵽһθһȵĸо
Ҫ֪ԭⳡϵˣҪĴڣڣȴΪڵλãľη
ҪһƷڰʥ
˵䣬ʦߴԲϵУʱһǴӳֺڰī֭⵽˼㡣
ڰʥ
ڣƵⶸȻĳҲɵЩ١
Ҫģ
Ҫ׵ƿֻ֮ʣûںˡڰ
ڣڰʥǰеļ֪
ǻܹõʥôܹ׵ȫƿ֮ҲͿԴ򿪺ɫСӻ
һԴʯÿνм۲ʮԴʯ
ʦϵ壬ʼ
һǧԴʯ
ƼȲıǱһ˺ڰʥԭ۸ļλ
Щ쳣õȻ
ڰʥ˵ûжôֻĳ飬߹Ĺõĵ
ǧԴʯ
˶ΪҪֵʱһƮ˳
ȻҲԹ䣡
ʥصˣ
ԭ΢Щɫ˲һ䣬ԥĽеǧԴʯ
Ȼ֪ʥΪҪڰʥǣȴǲܷģ
ǧԴʯ
ǧԴʯ
һԴʯ
һĻõ˶ɵŴͣþòԭֵֻԴʯҵĺڰʥȴڶ̶̵ļϢ֮ڣǱۡ


1544 
ڰʥ쭼ۣ˭Ҳ벻飬ȻڰʥΪѵã;ȴԣ۸һ㶼ǼԴʯңڣڷʥصᵱУ̶ʱڣѾﵽ֮
쭼ۣõ겻ѣԴʯҲһСĿ
ʥصĹڣ˵ɫѾĵˮ
һεᣬǾһΣֻҪҪĶǾۣңǽ壬ˣ֮Ǹ֣۸ҲǷ˼õŭȴҲŭˡ
ʥҲڣҪǣûϵελԲôˣȻʱҲôң
Դʯ
ʥһǺ˳
ǺڵУ˿ĳŭ
ʥδļ̳ߣѾŭˣ
һԴ
ûԥģƱǿһԴĽмֱۣõĳϰ
˶ΪԼһһڰʥȻһԴĸ߼ۣ̫ˣ
ȴҲû˻ڶľˣ˫ƺڱصãӦöǼڰʥ
ٺ٣
ڣŷƴݲȵһֱӼۣЦӵĹŹˡ
ʱ˿̣ȷˣƵʵݣԾһ֮
ҲȥͣҲ
Ȼһӵʵ֮۵ˣʲô˵ģֻˣ
һԴõİʥص˲ٽмˣ
Ϊǵǣٴλᱻ罭һΡ
Ȼ޾µУʥصȷۻ˲ԴҲôһӻģңԴ;

ʥڵһŵĽ忪ڴЦ˳֮⣬˿ڸǣõİʥӵһᡣ
ͬڵڴƽʱԼʥصˣк³ڣѾһǧϹҲֻѡˣ
ڼҲ˿ֵĶֻҪǿϵģҲû˿ȥǲ۲۵İܼӣ
һԴһڰʥ˿ǰܼеİܼӣڻӻҵ
Զ֮ӣȴҲ˵ĹȥԣֻҪǷƿϵģˣûмģֻаʥص˲ˬʱ΢̧ۣǣһΪڤ񡯵Ʒϣ罭ݺݵĿһ֮󣬰ʥرҲûг֡
һʱ򣬵ڶλˣһҵľۣˣȴҲʮԴĴۣ
ԭɵɫ˿Щأڵһϣ˸
һλѾݽߵ˵ȫģڣȴȷòԴλˣ
ǿûй˼ɣҲȥͷȨȻûбʥصʱпܾͻڷˣ
ȴûȥԮ֡
ȻЩȥҰʥص鷳ǣ˭ϣܹɹ٣ɾͰ벽ۡ
Ҳһֱ
ι㲻һιҲɵĻɹ٣ʱһλ벽˹ϵ
ǾϣǹһĨЦ⡣
ߣ
һΪ⡣
ȷǿܵĻҲҪһöιĴ۽ύλпܳɾͰ벽۵Ϲǣ˭֪⽭Σ
ǧǰĿԼļ屻ҲѾɿħ˼ɣһԼȥ׹ֻҲһͻк³
⽭岢ɥĲ񣬾ǧʱʧȥ˳嶯ѧǣȻֵʱ򣬾Ͳ̡
컺˵ţ˸⣬ң֮ʱʱˣжٺ١
⣬ǺӰ貣ƺܹ˵ģ֪һС
ƵüͷҲ˼ţȴǾ˵Ļһĵ
ӽֵڣûʲô˵飬ܹǵһϵе
̲ס˼ԼУܵ˵İֻѡأ
ȻǸжģ
ٹڽһЩ¶ĸԣҲãԷƺ׼֮ˡ
лĻ
һĬĬĹעᡣ
ʮһεᣬȷһʢ磬ƷƸû˵ϣƵƵĳ֣ĸ󶥼᲻ѣһһ߼ۡ
ȻԴʯģߵһϣ˰֮õķ಻ѡ


1545 ޼
һλĺҵʮһԴļ۸ˣ
λҲΪϡΪԵʣԲĳ˼ļ۸
ȻҲΪֻλԵʣֵιֻǼ۸ﵽһ˷ĵز
֮£׬ˣʮ½ûеȥʮԴʯһԴ
λȴۣһʮĿԴ
ﶼһʲСĿеıܹĵˮ©ģȴλ˭ԣҲֻ̾ˡ
ЩϹŶҲȻʥأĺң壬ܹǵģԣҲֻˣ
ֵģҲһڶĿꡭ
޼ף
ʦߵϣһĨĳ죬жŲûû޼ףԶʱ޼oףȻϵĵĿǰѾЩƣֻǲм׶ѣеļʦȱ޼ףȴǿô߱ķʮ
޼ף
ڶȻһ⡣
һλoףܹõʮǽһʲôĸ
ƿȣҪõ
ܹӵ޼ףʮķӡܹʮ
һ޷ܵջ
ϣ˽о˸ӵ
ǾԵףܹõĳ̶ֳ˵ܻǶһ
޸ףȴû˸ô롣
棬oӡƣһôǸŪûᷴʱǵòʧˣ
ǷڶУҲܹǵ֮һˣ
ʮԴʯΪ׼ۣÿνм۲һǧԴʯڿʼ
ʦЩ壬˿ġ
ʮһԴʯ
Ļ£һڱǴһۺֱӱϼһԴʯ֮࣬õֳϵ˲ɵһ
֪ⲻܹˣĵʱֻҲǻ뽭һ³
ʮԴʯ
ʮԴʯ
ʮԴʯ
Ʋ׼мۣѾԴʯҾĿǰͷֻƵ޼ҪϰԴʯ
Դʯ൱ڶʮԴȻջ٣ҲѾӻĿԴҪ۳İٷ֮һãܹҵҲǰٶԴʯѣ
ףôҪλˣ
ԣȵģǻĳֻϵһ̾ˡ
УᾹȻûһö
һԵǲ촽һ²ģõķƲɵһ̰
˵ʮһȵᣬʵҲһЩһһЩɢóƷƷϣȻҲ߲ȥܹЩ֮۵Ķȴǲࡣ
ЩʲôսԳģȻһЩߴȥоӵʵ֮۵죬ȴһܹʵ
ԣһһҲûг֣ģڿƱ֡
÷ǣҲһֱûʸ˫мۣƺҲһЩ챦ע
һһʮԴʯ
ʥصĹڴһҧгݵ
һһʮһԴʯ
һǴĺҵĹ䴫˿á
ԥϣ˶ܹѾ˵ףҲͲλˣھ۵ģҲֻˡ
ãĺҳһһʮһԴʯˣûг۸ߵģoף᲻ֻ࣬һΣ
ʦ̨ߺţǼͨģ˵ǲǻԳѪˡ
ԣҵҲģһҪǿ
һһʮԴʯ
һٶʮԴʯ
ڰʥٴνм֮󣬳ϱһŵ٩ǵֱϼ˰Դʯ
м۵ģȻǽ壡
ͷβֻλʱʥ̧ܵʱ򿪹ڣʱһڣ˱֪ʥҪѪˡ
޼׿ӷǸõ绢
ˣѾ׼ֵ̫ˡ
ĺҵĹڴˡ
壬ſڿӣõóһٶԴʯ𣿣
ʥصĹ䴫һŭ᳡ϻصš
һΣΪĴڣʥǿ̫ˣǼʮԴʯ£Դ
õİʥӵˣЩѪʱҲò


1546 ˵
ңʱҸԴʯҲֲʥ׷ѵǰʥжҪ𣿣
ͷҲûأе˵ţ̧еͷõİʥعĬȥ
˭֪еĺ̨Ͼͷ
Ȼͷûƹܣǣ˭Ҳӣ
ʥȻⶫưԣǱͷȴԶ˫֮ûıȡ
Ҫ֪Զʱڣа֮ĬĬ뿪Ѿ˵һУ
ʥӣ
ЩüͷĿ⿴ʥӡ
޼ײ뽭У
ʥսȭͷڷѪ˿ͷһЩݵʵ֪ͨʥ𣿡
š
ݵߵ˵ͷһĨâʥѾԸʱ򶨽⽭벻ǣ
ã
ʥ΢˿һԷ˵ӼۣϻжʮԴʯ
ǡ
΢ĨһѶǵĺˮſеһٶʮһԴʯ
һʮԴʯ
еķǳɣһٴμ˾Դʯõĳ϶ʱ쳹һ
̫ˣ൱ֱӼԴʥأҲҪʹ
һʮһԴʯ
ڰʥӵʾ£ƤЩٴμһԴʯ
ٺ٣ȻǰʥôҪǾøǺˣ
ǳһĻȣ˲ļһ䣬ʵֻʮԴʯѣϧˣҵвǸ𡭡
ȫǴ㵵ĿʥصĹڣʥӵ˲ѪһɫǱͨ졣
˵ˣǻǲҶģΪýõ޼ףôԸƱҪ鷳Ķ࣡
ϲʥһʮһԴʯĵ޼ף
ʦߵٶҲܿ죬ƺ°ʥػᷴһ֮󣬱˶塣
ᣬһһǧٶʮƷѾˣûκһģڴлλ¸ʮ꣬ټ

ʮһεĻڼĶĵرǽʥ˫֮ľ˶̸۵Ļ⡣
ʥοǶˣܵصĴǽҪţֻǼѡ
Ҫһǹ¡
ʮԴһһλ֮󣬽òϺõŮ˵
⡭
ŮЩԥˡ
һǧԴʯֻҪ´仰˵Ҫһ棬̣
ּ䣬óһöָ˵ŮУΪϿҵ˵
һλλһ𣬶޷ɹ٣һλãҲӳһЩѡ
ͻƣһʥصĴһˣܶԸ˼
һԵıǣΪȥˣòȥ¶Էһ޷ȻҲҪ֮ȥϧһ
յһĻ֣ʮλϣԱʽΪһ·壬ֻһ˻ӳ
Уȭͷק۾ٴʱĳޱƽ
ǧˣһֱ̣һֱͻƣֱǰһ˿ϧȴݽˡ
ԴʯҲգҿΪȥͨһ
ŮЩ̵̻ĿɣߣҲǳͬӦָϣǹ˳ȥ

峤˿ƺЩƣɫԲ԰ףֽһαҲޡ
ܹõһöιɹٵĻ͸ˡ

ЩǿµƷָڣλãֻǣ۳˰ٷ֮һá
еĹߣЦӯӯĽָ˷С
Σƾλĺ˲ٵһᵱУЩһȻҲ˲ٵƷõƷֵ࣬ȻùϲҪһλΪ¸ʮ
л¡
ƲûȥϸĲ鿴ֻ΢ɨһۣǼһָڻڷŶʮöԴʱǵЦŨˡ
ʮöԴ˵ڶԵУǾԹˡ
˵㣬ٺ١
һԣǿһͬõķǵЦݣֱӽˡ
һӵһμˣһֱ˦÷ƺΡ
̸һ仰űǱˣǸòΪŮ˽


1547 
ϣСŮҵİɣ
åϢĶ߽ŮϷţʸ˫ϣһĨаЦ⡣
õĹϵЦҲɵһƴͷʹпܣ뽫һӳȥ
̫ˣ
ŮҲЩӦЩа֮ҲһǳǳĺΡ
ȿȣ
˵ʲô£
£иҪ㡣
ŮӦ˹ɫЩ׵ԣ̵̻˵
˭
΢΢üͷЩʵ
ǡ
΢̧ͷһ۷죬ŮЩԥ
˵
̬ϴһѹŭ
ǽүӣ˵Ҫһ档
ŮЩŵĲ¹ΪڴӦˡ
壿
һ֣õĹߣƣ죬˶˲ͬķӦ
Ѿµ⽭Ҫµԭˣ죬ȴһĨ⣬ǵЦ⣬Ũˡ
ʵû˵԰ʥֻҲܲˬΪڴ¥ϣʥӿҪֵ˼
ͬüͷ˸
Ǽ˽壬ǽʥس׵ĵˣȻǶеĹ£ǣǵĵͷߣֻԺҲù
ϾʥһЩΪѣܲʲôȥ㱨ɣֻ˾ã
ԣ壬˵ûаô
ǣǲĻִҲͦͷ۵飬һǧ꣬ѾǣҵϹڣûܹס
̫ѨǶŮ˵ȥ
ٺ٣ҾùӦüһ
쿪ˣ˸ɣأ£ƺϢȻ䣬õĹߵɫһ䡣
ҡ
ߵͷȥڵ֮ɫûм෴ģ˲˼һЩĪļ
Ҿãнˣأ
ǴһĨааЦ⣬Ź˵ţõһԵķһͷˮ
ôУƺһֲɿܵζڣ
һѾ֤ʵˣңǸҲάӹɡ
ǶƺҲûпȥеĹ°ɣ
йŹ֣
ɨ죬ڴźɵɫ
⡭
΢΢̧ͷһ֮Ƕһ㶵վŵŮ˵ȥүɡ
ʵҲ⽭ΪʲôڣȻˣôͺпܴõİ
ʱ򣬽ٴγֵʱͺпܻΪһλ֮ϵġ벽ۣ
õĪľ磬ֻ
ǣ
ŮܿͷӦ˹ʩһ֮󣬲ĿһۣǴ˳ȥ
˺󣬷ڵƺЩ졭
ʲôû˧𣿡
һֱڴԼûĵһ۷ƣģɫһ䣬һǷİðɡ
˵ţ˽ԼĿŷƣƺ±˵ģлУѹ㾹ȻԻʸ˫ּ˲Ȥԭ
㣡
Ǻݺݵһ飬۾ʲôɵ˼ûˣ˿ֻ̣뽫һʬΣ
޹˼ɵĴͣҺˣⲻ棬Ȼ
䲻Ĵ˸¶ģоǰһҪ˦һȻĻİ
һԵĹߣˣɫҲЩŹ֣֮ʱЩӣ΢΢˶û˵
ʱǸŮĴ£ڡ
һɨȻҲ˷ĴڣʱɵһһĨɻ벻⡣
ľãգƺЩԡ
ո˵ʲô󲽵˽
һԵŮٴʩ֮󣬱Ǵţ˳ȥ
үӣ
ߴһĨǳЦվк
ǿ߾ǿߣﶼܹܵأ
岻Ҳֻɨһ۷죬һԣֱ¡
֪үʲô£
֮üͷһǿʵ
Ҫһλ֮ˣ֪ܷҰţ
˿˼ɷ죬ֱӱȭŹ˵УһĨ֮⡣
ֱӵɣǲɣĿǵУ˶ܹĳĿɬ֮⡣
ǲ̤һڣ


1548 е
⡭
߲¶ɫûȥ죬üͷ΢΢ЩΪѵ˵үӣеĹأ֪ġ
ɲƻеĹأȻƻһֱ
Щ飬ֻҪһΣǻ᲻ڱΣ
еĿڱһֱǾΪûκ˵ϱй¶ȥ
ԣҲΪѡ
ҵȻ
ɫ˲٣һɲϢ˳Ӣĩ·ĸо
κΰǧ꣬ߵһˣǣڵݽߣעǶɲһεĴ١
ֻϣܸҴϢ
峤ĺ˿ƺʲô͸¶һĨ
⡭
ߵͷԥûƳ̧ͷʵ˵޷
ֻҪԷǰʥ֮ˣܹһöιҽģѪģ
廰Щϵ˵ţ˿ȥƺࡣ
үӡ
쿪ˣʣû֮ǰḡһɫĿŰͷԲԵĽ塣
λǡ
һǽĿ⿴죬˸һЩɻɫ
ΪȻܹܵƵĲΪ磬ڵ˵ݵĲ򵥡
졣
ԼԼˣվ˸˭ҲĻâǺӰ䣬үӣ˵ܹõһöιǸӵι֮ˣ𣿡
û
ȻΪʣûҲǵ˵ͷ
ôιֻ֮ôأѵϷ³ޣǸι֮𣿡
ֱλѾ̤۷ˣϲû¶ηɫƺͻȻ֡
⡭
ɫһ㵣üͷ
ȷܻޣǵõιҲѡȥ٣Ƕɹܹ벽ۣʧܡ
ǽҳɹˣҪʲôѵһΪū
ʵģʥģʱ˵䲻ģҲûʲôý
ԣ˵Ǳ˸ιҲûõʲôô
Ҷˡ
̾һЩţվ
һöιжôأʵкû˻Ϊһûн˸˾޴Ĵۡ
ǣ
Ź߹˹֣ɨһƣǴ󲽳ſȥڣһƬ
ҲҪʥΪҵԩ긶ۣ
үӣ
һֱû˵ķƣվڽסѾߵſڵĽ塣
£
Ϊڳ岻ͣ½ŲŷƣڲɵһĨɫ
ȻǺܳ񣬵ǣִĻȴõĲ
췣
һ뵽飬вɵıЩ𶯣Ƿˡ
췣صĻ־Դݻؼһôɵˣ
ԣɣӦһֽӽ췣Ե
ϾؼĹʲô¶пܷ
ҿүһ֮
ǴһĨǳǳ΢Цɵ˵š
ɲزū
ιڱ󣬲ȴҲôء
ݵĽӴĳ⽭岢ɥĲ֮ˣǿԣһöιܹǿߣһðʥزùҲǺġ
ڵĽ壬ѾھУԮ֣жһ
㡭
⻰ĿⶸȻһԭѾһƴɲǼӿһĨϣ
ܹｭүӵҲֻôˡ
ּ䣬óһ򽭷壬ҽеݷϣЦɣû۵ɫ
ĻЩ𶯣Ҳļ
Ķʲô
һԵ죬΢΢һĨȣֱӱԹԵȥ
ǡ
һϸ֮󣬽ͫ͵һ
Ө͸ɫΪۺ죬ɣϾһƢܰ㣬ŨĻ˲ıǻڡ
ι
ȻûмееĹʵȴǹżһģһ
巴Ӧ˹ѸٵĸУŷʩ񣬹ֵл
ү
ֹܹˣһɽڴأΨж㿪棬ܿ
ֻҪǶˣԸʩԮֻ֣Ҫܼġ
Ȼ
һĨǻָк˵


1549 ²
˿̣ѾǼĲ֪˵ʲôˣĺ˿֮һصĶŷ˵Ժҽһģ
үˡ
֪ԼѾλǿߵĺøС
һеҪλģȳȥˡ
վ˵һ֮󣬱ǿ첽˳ȥң˷š
Щ飬ԼҪ֪Ȼ϶鷳

аһͬʱҲתڴˡ
óһöιһžûжϣˣʣԼǾġ

ű֮¶˱ԣǹһĨаĻȣڻеķ뽭µ˵үӣ֣ܱܲôˣʲô²𣿡
үӣ
ڽ֮󣬷Ʋȥ
ٺ٣
ЦһǶŽ˵үӣʵҺͺֶǰʥص磬ԣΪҲΪԼ
Ŷ
һĨ죬ơ
š
Ƶ˵ͷ
ȷˬʥأʥУֻ³᲻ȽҺõȥ
ΪǵǣʥпѾϳһ¶ݣôʥغпܻȥԸ½ϵ壡
ֲԸ飬ʱֻҪԴпܻᱻȺ֮
λȷǺ䣬ǣȴҲ˵˲壬񶼶Դ˹ڻһֱѰ˼û
үӣֻһ⡣
ͻȻ
˵޷
뿴ŰʥֻҪһʱ֮죿
ʵ
ȻҪŰʥ
˵䣬һӽͷ׷޷Զ
ἰеĳޣЩ޷ƣͫڶѪ˿
ǧÿÿնҴߣԼȴ֣޸ӵǿңӵˡ
ֻҪһ۾ƺˣѪȵһĻԼˣһѪУЩΪ˿һԱĳ
Щĥģʹ飬궼ڲ
õιϣˣɹ٣ɾ˰벽ۣʱҪɱʥأ֮ѪĴۣ
ȶüͷȴ
үӣʵԼҲǳɾ˰벽ۣҪݻٰʥҲǲܵ顭˵𣿡
˸⣬ֱӱǽе˵˳
ȷǳɾ˰벽۾磬ҲҪݻٰʥǾԲܵģֻǣܹ֮Ĵ۶ѡ
֮ԲһܹģǾΪĵ̣Ϊֲܹݻ٣
Ǵۣ
ԣѵãţǶ԰ʥ𣿡
һĨǳǳĻȣ˽塣
ȷܹ벽ۣȷܹɱʥ֮ڣܹնɱһЩʥصĳϣǣΣ
ʥصĵûܵӰ죬ʱ䣬ܹԭʱ򣬰ʥһĿЦ۷壡
ǣǻַʽֻҪ廹ţôʥصľӢӵǶҳʥصĵҲ󻡶ȵˮ
үӣʵȨһֱԼУ
Ľֺ֮Ǻǵһ䡣
ڵĽҲܸʥش鷳ǣǵ벽ֻۣҪ岻ԼȥôʥأȥЩ̣ʥؾûа취Ըԣֻѡ
£ɲɱǺܵȥ
ˡ
峤ĺ˿㣬һɳõԭ԰׵ɫĺࡣ
ҪţҪԼĳһֱڿ־嵱У
ˣ
ʱ򣬹ͻȻҴҵĴ˽ͷ϶ϸ
˶Ŀ⿴ʱѹһе𶯣˵ʥԸˣ
ʥ
塮ৡһ¾վȭͷս쳹Ҵ󲽵ĳŷȥ
үӣ
סǵãȨУ
ͣڵĳ޵ȴࡣ
ʥǰȻһ׼үӿҪСˡ
صѵ
š
תƣһĨмʵ֪մԺĳȥѰҶ
üͷ΢΢һչơãһȥ򣡡
ƣ
ĬĬļֵ֣νĳѣҶɹ٣һȥѰҶģ
˵գȥ


1550 ʥ
⣬ϣһߴӰòƴ󣬻ع⻷֣ΰ㣬㵴£ȥһʥһģһεѹõĳΪˣ̲סҪȥ
ǰʥ
ӳڴſ־塣
ϵĸߴӰⶫİʥ
¼ʵ̫ˣȻλƲʥ̨ǧ꣬µ¼ȴҶ
ڰʥ֮ʱ츳йնɱ߽׶ֵľɾʥ۷֮ܵһδģмƻİɱһսУʥ׳쳹ͷǻ
ʱʥǽʥ۷岻ãһżȻһo֮ĹϢ˰ʥأʱΪʥӵȻŹʱ
ĹǼˣǣĹ֮ڣӭĲoıأ޾İɱ
ʮʥ۷壬°˶Ǵﵽ١١߽ٴʥǿߣ
֮£ʱʥǰȥļλһЩгԱǱɱˣڰʥصԮȥ֮ʱǿǴĹصУһصʬ壬ֻаʥһ˴˶Ѿ£
ʵʱ˺ܴĺ䶯ʥƾ˸ƹ
ڣǧʱȥˣû֪ľѾһʲôĵزڣҶˣƱҪһ֮շɱ壡
ѵʥҲߵǸز𣿡
ڲɣвš
ʥĽӴǸ磬ôпܣܹ߳벽
Ҫ֪ڵİʥǧѣֵ꣬кܶʱ䣬档
ûУϣܲ罭пܣΪҪǸżԲŻᵥὭ壡
ĴжϣԼĲҲ
䣬Ҫ̤ǰ벽ˣʵ̫ˣ궼ûһңĴ٣ɲ˶ܹɹģۺ񣬶ɹĻᣬҲʮ֮һ
ȴû˻ֻҪһ߻ᣬͻϳߵľ磬ʥ˵ĿģֻҪһѾ̤żǿΣԱԼԺһȷĿģ
ʥص˲Ļᡭ
ٺ٣ʥˣԻ᲻һҪշɱ
ϧˣ־ǿߣվҪڴˡ
ڳڸ̾ϢǱſϷ̬
칷Ȼ
һȻ쳹أռƺڶš
󲽴˳ȻϾ𣬵ǣȴһϵķ¶˳ͷ׷ƮԺ޷Զ죬һĲȺۡ
ҷһս
ʥ⻪ãųʣ䣬һϵ˵һԶڽһ
㻹򵥣
ĴЦͷ׷һ㣬˱ڿն𣬳ϣٵĳŰʥȥ
ҽվҪ˺㣬ȻٸʥΪҽҶᣡ
ƺűݣ˾Ҫƴܣ嫺ĳϯ۳һͷ͵ޣһƥ׺Ĵƣײʥ
ƣ
ʥϵĹʸΪˣһֻʱȫʶƺָ֮ϣһҫۣ˲ֱӣûĶֱӵ޵ͷ­
¡
ߵһײըڲϵ쳹ˣ˵ǰǰããһƬκ
ˣ
޴ϫϯ񶦳ڣһصعһˮ˲У޴ĳϫײϺΪŤȴû顣
߳ʱ򣬱ǿһĻ
һʱƾȻĿɿڴ֮⡣
ʥڴսߵԽԽԶԶ񶦳ǣԶ˽ƴÿһεĳõΧĵ˿籩꣬һСɽ˵ײ££ӿҳ
ʵҲԿʥһֱ·磬ѹŴֻܲϵĺˣõİʥصɫÿ
ϧˣԪѾ࣬󾢲㣬ȻʥԲܸս
ȷʥҪΪǰ·ϵһʯ
ڽˣ˷սۣ㲻ڰʥ£Ҳþ


1551 ̷λ
ʥ뽭ڴսԶ¶ϵķɣضҡɽ֮һƬǽ壬϶һɲѷ죬ڲס
Ѿһżּ䣬תǳؾɫΧƹգһԶʱĿħԾ¡
ʥȴı£ڽڰˣϵҲ˲٣˿ԿЩ԰׵ɫ
Ȼ廹ûȫ벽ȴҲһʥ۷ܱģ˷ʥܹӲȫΪаʥص񷨣һһףɣâ貣˲ٷǵҲ˲ٵĿ
ȻʵȥһֱϷ磬ڵȴǼΪ⣬Ϊôٵʧţ̶̵ʱڣȥ࣬ϵƤһ
ʥױˣȻԽشԵУǣȴҲҪܣӶԼ
֮ҲӰ첻󣬵ǣѾӽϹŶǣȴǻɺܴӰ죬Ӱ쵽ʵķӡ
ҲһٳֵԭҲһЩ֮Ϊܹĳõԭ
ڰʥΪԭ򣬵һҪԽΪ̤ʯٸߵľ磬ڶҪ壡
һ˫֮ƣֻҪˣ
˵ǣ¶һĨǳǳĻȡ
ӵιĽ壬ȫԺ޹˼ɵķλΪһöιҩԣѾ๻ɹˡ

ǹ
ٴα֮󣬰ʥзȣֻһץһ˽貵ĳǹǱС
ǹܲ˵ǰʥصһƵ۱ӵɱٵǿߣ
Ȼ޾£ǹѾǰˣʥص̵ϣҲʥܱģ
ǹһʽХ죡
ǹ֣ʥƴһȣеĳǹһ쳹һɣŽʸеĴ貵ĹâڳͷצŽץҪ֮˺飬졣
ʨ
ƲһãһУ˴֮һͷʨڿն֮ƣʨ𴫳Բǧ֮ڵ࣬ǹڵأɪɪʾ
𣡡
ʨ뺷ΡȻ壬ſѪȥſڱҧΪ׺貵Ĵ˺ҧǣײ¡
ϴսֱذ޹⣬ನϯĵݻٵĲӣڵһо顣
̫ʹñýŵĸ죬ֲ˶ˡ
̾ϢƺڸпӢĩ·
Ľ壬ҲһܣΣȴǵ˰ʥ屻γֻʣһˡ
ʥصһЦˣƺĸѳ
Ȼһλǣ˸û׼£ǷˣֻҲӼʮѣĻӻ
˿ǽڴʱλǾһ˿Ҳûˣ˴֮󣬽໹мʮֻ꣬Ҫʱܿͷɡ
ৡ
ƿ쳹˱ǿĵϢ嫺ȻĬĬվ˽ʥսĸλγһֺΧ֮ơ
úݶֻ½ǷλҲˣ
ĻڶɵһĨĹâ
ֻ£ԤõģƲסԼеĳʥս˴֮λʥص̫ϳֶԿҪĥ壬ʧ
˭Ҳûз֣ڽ˫ʢŭȴһ侲ɱȻ
ʵҪ״̬նɱʥǲܵģ
Ϊƶˣʥ϶ӵıֶΣĿġ
壬Ѿɣ
ĹƳٻʥƸˣƵƵʨʨ
ҲҪȥ
ڽڱһɷɫּ䣬óһûκԥģóڵλһȥ
˱Ǽλ漣ԭƶĽ壬ɫȻֻıˣԭľȴľ˳˻
𣿡
ʥǹճһĨĻȣһ񣬴ĸλλ̫ϳϵ˵ͷͬʱһ貵


1552 ȭ
ˣ
һռߴӰʥλ̫ϳеϱмײʱǱһ貵Ĺâ
ţЩâûɢ෴ģȻ۳һΪϸС˿ߣ飬һŴ򽭷塣
ƾҲҪסң
ɫļȻûȫָҲ֮ǰ̬ں֮⣬ͷ׷һɺȻĴƴΧضںţţƺѾܲסĴڣʱܻ顣
ҹ
һ˫ڱ⣬貵գܷĹ֮ڣʨŭХһ֮ߣһͷԶʱޣɷϢϯ˷Ĳ
𣡡
ʨƺԼԣ𣬴һɾ޴ľ磬˿ռ䣬ײŴҪ֮ơ
ƺרΪ˿ͷʨģʮ㣬γһ״Ȼסʨ
ʱڽϣȴң෴ģȥΪ򶨣˫ŭ˸ϷʵɫĵǧǰǰʥΪıҽõ񱦣׼޵ԸҽҵĽʨǧ󣬾ȻʼʩǰʥѾ޼ƿʩˡ
ݵò񣡡
ʥɫһ䣬ȣͬʱеĳǹһǹڶʽԾԨ
໣
ǹһһڿնԾ죬һǿĳƣռ䶼һۿɼֱײ򽭷塣
С
¶һĨĻȣȻ䣬ƿһƺѹˣΧԲڣضȥһǿԳܵĴƶȻӿǴڶڵˣǸܵǹɴƣΪ˶̱ȥɫأѹһɽгУһԵ죬Ҳ¶һ޵Ĺڵš
֪ˣΪһǧǰǸ𣿣
һؼĿħ˵ߵжֻĴڣֱӽʥһ˴˱ѵС
ûжɹ٣Ҳܹģ
һֳŴһճȭȻҪӲ۱ȭս
¡¡¡
ռˣһ̣ƺһգͨڷ⣬һ޺ȭͷֱըĴ
¡
޴ȭͷҵͷײһ𣬷һ쾪װըһƺˣ˿ԼȻһȭ֮±ȥײ£ףһѺڵ档
һĻõ𾪣ĿɿڴЩӦ
̫ǿˣȻͽȥԿʥصİǹңȻûܴռϷ磡
ʥδ˵
ϹŶڷʣɨܣȴǷ֣һɻ
ʱʹõȭ̫ˣȴû˼żҲûйȭļأ
ѵǽΪ˶Ըǹרһȭ
˲ţԶĶ̬ж𺳲ѡ
ΪһĵҲѾ׼˺ܾˣһȭ
ʨ죡
Ķûͣ£ȣȻ䱬һ貵Ĺâţ޵֮µʨ쳤ХצȻŷһצĹߣֱץһӨӨ˸˸۶ɵĴ

һ̶˱Ǽʨǰצ֮£ʮĴȻһı˺ˣȻ
ء
ըǴĸλİʥλ̫ϳе̨ըˣ˫Ѫ죬һֻƶըˣѪ꣬һɫҰףٵĺˡ
𣡡
ʨԣȻ׼ˣɷɱ˹ȥ

Ǹ̫ϳϣǾһֱӾͱʨ˺飬Ѫȥ
һϵеı任õİʥɫǱûԥģٵĳԶȥ̫ϳϽȻ
ߣ
ȭһգ磬ɱʥߡ
ĻǵһΧɱȻõİʥɫɷһƬʥӵˣҲȻʧ˶ڡ
񷨵ʽβ
뵱еİʥͻȻĻһǹ˦ǹ⻯һβɱ򽭷ؿڡ
ȭ
һ˭ҲԤϲ飬ȻͽץʥеǹҪ֮۶ϡ


1553 ʥ
̣
βǹɨ˸ŽĹâƣֱӽ֮ץУһֻ־˿ʨҵײǹ֮ϣʱӰǱ飬ǹϵĹâҲ˲١

ûֱ֣ͣۻΪӰһһεײͬһλãŷһӵ֮Уһֱ
Ҫٵʥصİ쳤ǹ
Ϊܹ࣬Ϊ۱ļ֮һÿһİʥУаǹ
ǰʥصĴʼˣoģ˵oѾ˸ߵľ磬ȴֱҲδͻơ
o統Ҳӵƥ֮˵ǹһһʹضͱƣ˰ǹ֮£ǲ֪˶ǿߣѪġ
꣬˰ʥأǧŲĴУⶫưԣʸҲС
ԣҲ˵ÿһİʥǿ˵Ĵˣһǹһǹɨ¡
˭ܹϵǧ꣬徹Ȼܴһ׿ưǹȭŽʥĲҰܡ
Ϊ˾ҵģԼɫҲҰ࣬ͷϣϣǲ˺ˮ
̶ֳȵܣĸҲǺܴģĿǰ״ҲǼֲ˶ˡ
ǹȻ˲٣ǰoôױ۶ϵģ
һĨȻٴξȴֱʥĺ󱳣ȥɣ
̣
һ죬ʥֱӱҷ˳ȥŵ貹âѪҺǧأµ棬Ȼǵγһ
ʥ
ʨ׷ϵе̫ϳɫһڶȻһĨ
סͷ飬ȥʥ
һɫµߴеϵƶȻ
ɣͬھ
һ貵Ĺâ˱ըˣؼһƬããͷʨҲûڡ
̫ϳĻ֮󣬱ǼٵĳŰʥڵķȥһҪȳʥ
ʱʥνңΣЩˣѪϵĵ䣬ֻܾǹǣҲѪɫҰֽ
ʥ
ʥһαɳȥ̫֮ϳϸϵǵƺȼңûʹκֶΣֱӳ򽭷塣

ɫһ䣬ǰҲȥ
¡¡
貵ĹâڰбֱûأҲû˽壬ľŰϯƽһУһƬһϿȡ
һƬžֻǲˮϱ紵ıΣ貵ĹâɢȥԺǰ֮ϣֻн崣һͷɫʨߣʥȴټ
ˣ
һλʥ䣬νҲһ׮ʢ٣õĿɿڴǴ˵еľ磬˸
̫ǿˣ⻹ûжɹ벽۾統УȴѾӵ˵ɼĴжôĿֲ
ںܶ˶ڵ۾ѾģˣһЩַȴҲûԿֳ棬ڣȴǷǰ
˿ڸһħӰþ˵
һУѾ޷ݣ
ȻҲû˸Сʥֹ֮£Ȼû򱬣˵Ҳǿᵽһֲľء
ȻûУǣȴҲû˾ãֹ֮£Լܲд棡
ʥҲеǸʸ𣿡
һ
ǲŰʥûйּļأʥȻ֮ս˵ӵоԵš
ǵ͹Ѿżز֮ӵеܣͷλ̫ϳϼǿԱס˽壬пܰʥĻڽС
һнˣȻʥ˲ʱĸ̫ϳϣǣȴúõȥ
ԭλ֮󣬽ɫѾָ˺󣬵Ǵʱȥȴֲ࣬ϵƶȥҲнľûжʱտɻˡ
ʥءҽ廹ģ
ɨһۣתûлͷһʧʡ
ʥ㵽λһս֮󣬽Ѿˡ
ϧˣעǰ벽ˣڴٵУ
Ӣĩ·һ·ߺã
ڱֿˣ֮ƺ˿ҲΪ̾Ϣ
ѾżϣȴκΣѾߵ˾ͷ


1554 ֮
ˣǵ룬˶ΪѾûжʱտԻˣ
ΨһһλѾڴսзˣѾûеƣٴγߣҲӲ˶ʱ䡣
ȻѾߵżϣǣ֮۶޷㳤棬ܹ
Ҳ¶ɻɡ
Ϊߵ̫ˣһܹһҪѪˣ侲˷
ⲻϳ

Щڻζǰµ仰ɻ󣬾ʲô轭ţѵΪԼܹɹ٣
Ŀǰ״ǾԲܵģǣֶӳԼɹٷܻ
ѵ
ͻȻ뵽еʱȽôһʱ䵱УЩʲô
Ȼȷǣ쳣ķӦȴõǻǷλߣһЩף
ܹóλˣû˻ỳϾûжģõģ
ֻܽͣ
ҲĻ

ҹٴα˴󣬴Դһ١
ʱǵϣѾǶһӣ죬һԣһֱ̻ʵķƣЩĿɿڴ΢΢źϣ˵
Ƕжң
˵ʾ϶ʳûҪˣһ㣬߶Ԫ䣬ʳʳ
Ȼ˻ϲƷһЩζ紺ÿһȶɣвһЩ޺ᣬʳãһĺôġ
ңȷǼΪζ˶ÿⴺòͣƺ񫡣
ʱ򣬷ƻܾһҲû㣬ǿһ֮һ۾⣬ȻǶ񺺼ӣֱӱư̻һֱڣѾһʱˣȻûͣµļ󡭡
ͬʱҲע⵽ˣǸʳ⶯һЩʲôģһֻۣǽег
ʮ̺սţ⡭
ֱǺ죬ͷҲû̧Ľл
ˡ
һᣬŻ̵̻𣬽ϵǼ̳֮󣬷̧ͷǿһòŮվһԣüͷһʵô
ˣѾǿһʳȫԹˡ
Ůͷȥ

ڷһȻɫ£һЦ𣬳ֻ֮⡣
̧ͷȥǼѾЦֱˣֱЦֹ
ΧЩĿ⣬ٿһԶѳһСɽһ֮󣬷ʶʲôʱһĨΣǳ˳飬һԵŮ˵ˣ
Ըˣƹ칫ˣⵥ
Ůɲ̧ͷĻشţƺ·𱸡
ڴڵĵλΣǰλȴǴ쿴еˣһŮε
Ȼ⣬û֪Ϊδڶ֮ӣѡûдκͷķƣΨһĿԴ鱨֪һЩڷƵһЩϸ
󣬷Ǳܳ󣬸оҲûˣرǼһЦЩ޵ݡ
ԭ򣬻Ϊһ⣬˴ܣ
ܣİңÿһεĳ֣תȹ
ֻǣ˺ڣԶ⣬ܶûзӦˣ΢΢ǣⴺڵļȴٴܣԣƲųԵԣεأֳ棡
濴ôܳԣȻ˼ҴһĴԹˣ
һ׷˷ƣǴЦֹ˿˼ɷƵӣרʹõķҪ֮ĳ嶯
ܾʲôΪΣһǲƿ
ڻȥܣЩ⡣
ĪڣƺǴÿһϸûκεֻ̬һ¶ȣůģһѻȼգȴûȸУ෴Ȫһ̹
ȻƺûκεĹǣܹоܵĲ޷ĺôġ
ܹٵ޸ϵĴˣõ֤
ȻֻǷĿǰ֪Ψһ;ȴǾãҲΪԼܻ˽Եʡ
ܹ˵ܹӵв֮
һĨʣĳ־
Ժٲ˻ⴺˣ


1555 Ǳ
ڷƵѯʣҲǳĬ޷κжϣΪڷϵһЩ飬ѾļʶΧ
ħɽʱʳħ֮⣬ڵܱǣǸʱ򣬷ǲɣҲѪĴУûйȥ˽⡣
ǣչڣܵһ飬õķҲͷˮ
ͬΪ֮壬ϲûзֵ飬ڷ˵ҲܹһжϣǾǡ
ӦǱڵǱܣ
Ǳܣ
Ʊʾ⡣
ûǱܺơ
˶٣ϼ͵һΣͷͻȻʵӳԽ۷ʱܡǱʹȻǱܣҲǿŵģÿһ϶߱ǣȴҲÿһܹǱ
⡭
ϸãҲܹŵĽ͡
ϾڵܣһֵʱΣĹͷų֣ƽʱ޷ܵܵĴڣһ
ȽһõĻȴЩ죬ΪܵĴڴûȻܡ
ʦǱƾʳһЩܹģ
ʳһ÷ϳĬãϲǴҲΪЩͬɡ
ͬ𣿡
𰸣ҲĬˡ
ϲ̫ͬˣܣӵоŸϿյĵˣڲͬġ
ܲΪλ֮񻰴˵УûдͬļأڣȴǳԼϡ
⾿ǻǸҲȷ
ʵǱܣƺ䣬ֻ֮˲ӵУֻôûע
ϵĻõķһ
ʦѵΪŮ洹ԭ𣿡
Ҳɡ
˵岢ûκƣҪǿڸ࣬ǣʵȴǺܵͣԣûʳֵʱڰ½ǰһٶϲȥ
Ǳܣȷڵģң츳ΣǱܡǣ˵Ů洹񵥶ֻԭ˭ţ
ΪǱȻܹ˷ӳԽ۷ʵǣǱܣȴ˿Ƶģ˵ÿһͷܹ
޶ʲôã
ƿصܣѵҷӳԽ۷ʵ𣿡
˼ȴûмȥ
֪ЩҲֻǲ²ѣǸָһŵķ򣬾ģҪԼһһȥȥ˽⣬֪ʵ

ҹƱ뿪˶ǣһȴţƤһôҲ˦ˣõΪͷʹ
Ҳڼгˣֱߵĸ
˵֮Ҳȥ򣬺ٺ١
һ·֮ͻȻðôһ仰
֣Щܣ뱣ܣ
ͣһصĿ
ģ
ǴһĨǳЦ˵ͷ
л֡
˵ţͻأģһĲļ¶ȻתǼһӰԼٳжƬ̣˵ǰ
һȥʮҵߣͨǣ¶ȴõķһĨС
ৡ
ͬһʱ䣬жǴһŹֵߣòڰ˷ķΧס
˻
ĵײɵĵһߣһˣȫܲΪɲ⡣
ȻǳԽһٴʥˣ
ǰʥصˣ
һֱڷԺ𣬲ǷϣԱߵ졣
ӵʵۣܹ֮һС
⻰вɵһ䡣
ʵģ϶ǰʥӿһЩʲôԣǴڴȥ֮һֱ˸ԼڳǣҪԸԼˣ
㣬ߣ
ƽֱӶŷ˵ţЩ˻ƣƺܾû˵ˣȴһֲݿܵζ档
˵߾͸߰
һԵȴǲˣûηԷΪֱӺǳ
칫Ϊб˻𣿡
ƽϣûƺ˸֮⡣
ǣʥػֶε
쵽ûԷҶԼ֣
ץס
ƽ߲ûֱӶΧĸ´
ķĸߵ붯֣Ŀߵķƣ
֣Եټˣ
ڷϣң£˱ʧ˵£ٵĳԶȥ
ʥأлᣬҲġ


1556 
죬ҲûԤϵ˵ͻ䣬ʱɫΪÿֻĿĸߵ׷Ϯƶȥ
ôӵٶȣ
ĿţڱӿֳһĨɻɫ
ٶȣԾͲӦһʥ׵ܹӵеģ

ǳƽɨһ֮󣬱ǿٵ׷ȥһ·ϣָһһ׵ָһ·ȥ
Լܹ㶨ˡ
۲һʱ֮΢ĺ˿΢΢һƣǸ˼ˣôãϻкܶء
ȻΪʵۣܹ֮쵽һЩϵܣȴһоǰȥµӣǱ濴ȥô򵥣ϣиܡ
ңָокܶ鱨ûϸ˵
ֻǵӵ֮ˣôһ֮ӲҪȥѡɣ
ֻ΢˼һʱ䣬Աһ֮һĨ˼
лᣬǻټġ
ûмȥƺҲ˽⵽˷ҪȥʲôطҲûиȥתһʧ١

һ·ϣһֱڱ׷ţмζҵĻУũҩ䣬ʧѪˣ
ҲҺΪλȡ˶ʮöԴԣҲ±׷ϡ
ܱģȻĸߵѾ˦ˣǸƽߣȴһֱƹ֮׷ᡣ
ңҲ֪ƽ߾ԺַʽϢģһ·ϣȻвٵİʥصǿ߸Χ٣ΣƶԵ
ʱƲЩң˽ιȻǸʥһǿУ
ʥӣ
һƬ
ˣܹΪҵ죬˵ΪҪõĶܹ˼ɡ
Ǹ֪Լ壬Եģǻǲǿǰ壬ԴԼ
˾ӣͬʱڱǿһǿҵ
򣬰طһҪȥģ
Ȼһ·ΪҪأ·ƻǽӽˣ
͵ص֮´ȵ¶ȣõ֪Լʲôطǰ
򣬴ڶǣԶʱڵڣһֱȼţһߣѾյ⣬Ѿ֪ȼ˶ٸƺܹ㣬Ϩ
Ƭϣݲص֮ҲһƬɽ֮أûҽƺҲܹģЩ棬ڵϳõȼգԣű֮Ϊ
һ˵ߣҿΪģǻڣϯ죬ƺҪط
ڴ˵أڹżҲļأ˵ǴɽһɻΪĺģû˽ȥo۶ܽӽĻƺģܹķһУo۶޷ԣţɫʡ
ʱȻص֮¿һƻ棬ǹܹﵽе¶ȣ֪ԼѾӽˡ
Ϸħ
ĬĬת֮񴫳еı棬һ㵭Ľ˸ư㣬Ȼȣûܵ㲻ʡ
򡣡
ǰһƬ⣬ƽ߽ŲҲɵĻ¶ء
УҲԲһɵ顣
ܹ쵽ڵص֮µķٶȲûͣӿˣϢ֮䣬ǽ뵽ķΧ֮ڡ
ǻ浱УһӰӵ±ųǻ統С
ƽˮ˸âһҧϱŷһƣγһ֣С
뵽˰ʥӵץСӻȥôȴҲûʲô³
ҲţһǴʥ׾СӣܹľѵԼĻҪ
ʱһЩʥصǿ׷ĵǰǶֹס˽ŲղΧһȦƺҪһƬ

СӣȰ㻹ǹԹԵһȥȻֻ·һ
ƽ߿ڣƴ˷ƶڡ
ôðɣ
Ƶ䣬仰дš
ȥô·һǰƺҲһƵأŴ˼ƱǸܵһǿҵȸУƺȼڵѪҺˡ
Ϊƽ߽׷ûѡֻвϵ룡


1557 򿪺
죬ƬûкҹԲǧ֮ڣݲЩڣѰ̤Ƭϣضᱻˡ
ʱȴӰǻ𺣵һǰһţٶȼĳȥ
һ·׷ʵҲһЩ˵ע⣬Ͼʥǿߵ٣õĺܶ˲òɡ
ԣʱ֮⣬Ҳв˸ңڵĶ̬ǽʵĻ棬ȴǵסǵߡ
֪η򶼲壬ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
ƽ߿ĳķҲѹ˲١
ȻУѹҲǲС
ʱں󷽣Ҳмʥصǿ߳˽ֳɼλԷƽΧκ˺Ļᡣ
ǰǺĵشo۶ȥǿд룬к³ԣǷѰ·Ȼһ취ѡ
ƵɫҲǳ˲٣˶濾һƬͨ죬ǽӽеĸһð̣ǻ档
ǰ޾Ļ棬¶ȳȣ˿ŴأϣһƬƣһѵѷ죬ðŤΪ̡
ǰĻ涼Ѿ仯ɫԭĳ죬͸¶һЩɫĹâȻϷħҲоѾЩܲסˣƺҪˣÿһ缡⣬ÿһϸĺ濾·
ѾӽΧˣǴʥ磬Ҳסڵ棡
Сӣǰˣ
Ժڣϵ쳹õķƵٶȻ
ΧشҲס㡣
⻰Ƶüͷɵһ
ϵĽͣҲףƺĵ൱ǱĻֻǸȲ׷ϵǸƽߡ
ڷ𣿡
׷ƽǼʥصǿߣ¶ϲɫΪ˽⵽ƵĻͷǲҴ⣬Ǵ˷Χ˹
ԹԵĸߣпܻҰʥأƾ츳Ҳܹһɾ͵ġ
ƽ߲ûн˵Ǹһ
ʥΪ´ʥ˵Ҫˣ;ԲŪ
Ҫɱƣ̫ĻˣϧʥӵҪΥһֱ÷ƴӼξѡ

ƺ˿ɨһܣûпʲô˸ڵɫȻ䣬ּ䣬ϳһصĺɫСӣ·ԣ˵УңǴӽΧشУҲκεӰ죬ûбյĺۼ糣
СӣȰ㻹ǱˣѾҰʥصˣʶ͸ߣ
һ԰ΧһģˣǳţĿҲɵ˷еĺϡ
ʥأҪĶ棡
ƲûֱӶųƽʵ
ʥʥرչس߾磬㽫ӽҾˣ
ƽĿעÿһƣʱ׼֡
ʥرչأ
һŹֵĻȡ
ֻΪԵʣԲҳ⣬ǲЩ׷ɣ
Ҳȷʥ츳ǣôܹ⽭ֻһϹ
ԣǹڰʥڣܶʱǲҳˣ
뵽Щ֮󣬷Ҳףճʥӣֻǲˣ˵Ǻðɣʹ򿪺ӣǡ
Сӣʵ㣬ȻٲƤ֮࣡
һԵǸӺǳţ˵ĿⶼеĺϣƺڴܹðʥӿϵĶʲô
ܾ
һƱǷתܾڣȣ嫺һţ˻죬ҲһƬɫ˵Įһɳɽ纣ϢӶ

Ȼ䣬һ˫ŵɫâסɫСӣһơ
¡
ȻһóƽĲϢǴǸصĺɫСӴ򿪵϶˳һƬڵɫ޵ףһںڶõǵҲܿƵıһǱʲôֲﶢһ
ǰ
þ˹ȫ˫֮ϣɫĹâʢΧЩɫĻҲ뿪ɫСӵĺиǣҲһ֮±ƿ˲һľ룬ʱһƬҺǹ
ણ
һƺʲôӷƵ˳˵ϣ뵽ƬҺС


1558 
ɫСӣǰƴС˿̣ȴǱƴһľ룬һƬɫ󣬶ʱǿӿ
ǣЩҺûл෴ģ۳ĳģ
⵽ʲô
ǳƽΧǼʥصǿߣڵ֮󣬲ɵıǸоһֺëըΣУڣ¶ɵĲɫ
ʲôұ
ǰǳƵǸģǿߣѹƲסеǹɲֱӳ֣һȻӡеļµ塣

˵ϣⷽӡҺϵʱ򣬾ȻǱŷӰ֮
䣡
һĪƣȻźɫ嵱бֱӳӵؿڣ֮˳ȥؿȥһѪʱ˳ԶѾΪ΢ֻһĲҽ˱ǱЩɫĻճɻҽʲôҲʣ¡
ˣ
ƽ߸ܵһɲͬѰϢɫһ䣬ٵĳźȥ԰ʥصǿҲȻ
ƾһƣǽԾѾٴʥɱˣõĳƽҲɵһɲ
ôҲ벻ףǰƴСĺװľʲôȻܹԼѾͻƴʥ۷徳˸ܵǿҵв
ڣȻΪⶫǰʥҪģпܣڶԸԼ˵ĵ̣
ʱӺɫСȻ𽥵۳Ρ
ͷǣΪһֲŭơ
ǿʮףΪӴվһУһεƱŷ˳ϯ˷ΧȼŵĻ涼˰㱻ȥõĳƽ뼸ʥصǿ߶ɵٴκˣһǧ׾룬ΪɵĿ
룬˱ըԵУƺ㣬ǿ̤أͱ죬һֻԵӾ
ϣһµ·ͼ˸Ө⣬ȥңһףβƣ
䱳֮ϣһ˫ǻ˰ĳչΪǶһϣаеo
꣡
ͻأģһ˫ȺڰΪڰȻ𣬱ʵʰâֱӴʥصǿߣǻæԼԼǣâȴеͱˣǵؿڶֱӷˡ
Ѫ˿ڣ죬ȴû˵κλڵѸٵȥǵѸٵıپʲôҲûʣ¡
໺𣡡
ףһƻХĺҰϯ˻ģڵںһĨƺǿƵԼĻع顣
ĳƺһ˷ܸУƺһ
ʱȴûоȥϸĹ۲ЩΪȫ˺ɫС֮ϣֱһѪһ̾ᣬÿһ鼡ⶼҵͣͷ˺ˮ
ⲢΪΧ¶ȣΪҪִӣ
ʲô
һʥصǿ߾ʵг˲ھǻҡ
˵ľޣȰǵˣƺûǣֻΪ˫ӣõҪ֮¡
ƺһλߵƣ˫ڵĮӣԼͷǰһֻ΢Сϣûȥ⡣
ȻָоĲֹʥصǿȻǻҵڣ͸¶һĨ
⣬շɱǿߣǣҲһס
ӣ
Ļǳƽߵϣλ٣ӣڣҲǺһĨΪ־ɫ
ʱѾԼĿֻҪϢ㱨ʥأ
ͷĪֵľϣܵһĲʥһȻ֮亹ֱð
жʥصǿҲûκԥҲӣͷҲһء
ֻǣ˭Ҳûзתʱͷ޵ڣȻһĨԻĳһ㣬Ȼ䣬𶯣죬ƺڴ˿̶ܲסˣҪ
䡭
ûκԥ˲߳㣬ԶǼ뵱еİʥǿߣǳƽߣӦڷյʲôҲûʣ¡


1559 û
ણ
ڵСӹرգҴӷеµأһУķգûаҪȼյ˼

ƼѣһƨڵϣڵĴͷϣϣˮǣ˲ǱΧȵ¶ȸˡ
źɫСӵĹϵͷλֲľҲ˲ʧˣûа£ǸûдڹһǣǰһĻȴõķͫ͵һ
ԭ޴ʧ֮󣬾ȻһӴе
С򣿣
ƵԲ۾зŵĺ
ûͷλֲ˲ɱаʥǿߵľ޵еС
һɫƤëʱȴû֮ǰôӨˣԵЩȥңԭӦҪҫһ˿ҲԵЩƺҲƣЩ޾ɣСУŷֻһۣУȥƺ˳ߡ
һϵеı仯õķЩӦֱС뻳УȻ
ѵ
иͷں֮Ժõ˼·һʱֱЩң
޵ĳ֣ǸоС״СǴӾڵ˵֮ǧ˿Ƶϵ

໺𣡡
ͬʱ½ϣа֮ڣһ޺죬ضڲţĺģȥƽƽɽһҡΣƺҪѣǣûõʱ䣬ƽɽٴλָƽХĺҲƽȥȴһֲ֮⡣
ı任ȻҲע⣬رǾסԵˣľǲ֪ѹڵĶħƷ
վڶǿҲȻ
һ޺õڳ˶ɵһĵһηһЩǲᶨˣǿٵ˳ǧ֮ԶƺڶЩʲô
쳹һЩĲҽõзرЩʥصˣɫǱɷס
ȥ׷ֻһˣʱȴϵĴҽʲô⡣
ôܣԷŴʥ׶ѣЩ죬ôǼ̤ʥ۷徳ĸʳϵĶ֣
һʥصǿߣ૳ȻıǴһֲ
ǾԲԴУʥصͨ壬ȴʥǰ
ǣϢȴȻڶ򴫿ˡ
ʥɳһλʥ۷徳ĳ֣׷ɱһ֪ˣڳֲ֪ޣʥس뼸ȫ𣬶ǲ֪䲻֪
ϢҲܹ죬ŵ˲࣬һЩȴע
ΪǰÿѾӴڴȷϢˣ
ʥطһֻΪܹѰɸˣڵľٶǲ˵ɸϵأ
ⲻò˻ɣ
ԣ⣬һһ˶ҲһЩո˵󣬽뵽Уȴûʲôջƺʥصһǲ֪ˣѾȫС
ôġ
Ϣ˰ʥӶУ˼һ֮󣬱ǷԸһԵһߣǰȥؽ׽
ţɸ䣬ôɸضֳķƣôƽɸѶ˵ӵɸ˻ţ

Ӧһ֮Ϣʧڷڡ
ֻҵģ
ʥ˸һĨɫ˭Ҳֹˣ
ͬʱĴ죬ʸҵĻʸ˫ǵһʱյ˵ϢӦҲͬ
Ī޺ʲô
˫ˮڣɻɫã
ǵģʱū⣬޺֮󣬰ʥصǼ˵ϢǶϾˣǸˣҲļΪ
һԣһĺͨȺҲվĻشš
Ŷ
һĨʣ૵ѵһؼҲ԰Ŵʥףôͨؼշɱʥسϼ
ڷƣҲǱȽ˽⣬ʥسϼӵʲôΪҲˣԣп϶
ȥܹ̽ȥֳ̽һ
˼Ƕ߷Ը
ǣ
֮󣬱˳˷䡣
ʸ˫õϢȴֻ˵һ仰û


1560 Χ
ͷޣʲô
Уָʱ䣬Ʊվʰ˵ڵСӣһĨɻ
ͷųֵľޣһֵֺĸоƺʶǣԿ϶ǵһμͶ׺ľޣ

üͷƺڻЩʲôһ䣬һƬհף
ͷС޵ͷܴ󣬶ңǧ˿Ƶϵ
ϵԺҲ˾п
š
΢΢˵ͷʵʦ𣬸ղųֵͷޣʲô

ҲЩɣЩε˵ûңڹżҲûп״ľޡ
ƻһ˫ȸ˫ƺѾ޵Ϊһ壡
ǰδӵдܵľޣ˵𺳶Ǻܴġ
̫ˣҾȻҲκȱ㣬ƻ棬ǽĵز벻ؼ仹
̲סпţڳһֲ˼ɫڡ
ȷ鵽Ըڣ
ͻأģԺһĨ⣬ѿʵʦ˵ͷ޻᲻񣿡
ȥ壬ǣڵĵȴģģûϸĵ̳Ψ¶һ˫ӡ
˫䣬Įһеӣļ䵱ϡд棡
񣿡
ƺһ㵣ò˵̫٣ңżҲһʴԣҲ޷ȷ
Ŷ
Ӧһ֮󣬱˳Ĭ
СΪŻͷޣʱгߣƺǵСǵһ
һûгԹڻУҲû˵޾ɹһΣȥȷܵһˣ
÷Щ⣬ѵ˲һʱ۳ˣ
ڲžã⿴ܵļһƺҲܵģĳ̶ֳ˵Լеôǿ
һҪӣ
ƸЩȲҪ֪ɫСڵľ޾ʲô
ѾһöڰʥΨһǡʥǵõǿԳ׵ĽӴ򿪣
Сӣﲻȫٶ뿪
˼ʱ򣬷ѵԺ𣬾ע⡣
˽ˣ
üͷһһĨ䡣
ȴǳǿʱСһﻹûлָ˰ʥصǿߣӶûˣ
ৣ
һ㣬ǿٵ뿪Ƭ
һʱ˼ӰۿֳһЩۼ֮ɫǱĲÿ
һԭ·أֳɼɢѰ

Щ죬ڵӰڴܶԽԽ࣬÷ƺܿգֻܲϵתط
Ѿ˺ܶˡ
ɫЩ˸
˵ԲʲôϢΧúû֮أңҲܹԤƵ֮Ѿ˰ʥصĴȥͶ
Ȼ˰ʥص⣬ڽˣһԼкģԲĴģ
ǷûԤϵģΣкܳء
ԴĻɷ֧ţٶȣͱ˷ˣ
Сӣֻʣ¶ʮһԴˡ

һ·ʥ׷ټЩĴܣԴԽԽ󣬼ÿͻĵһԴ
ѸٵģٶԴҲֲã
ûа취Ҫάִʥ۷徳ģɲһǰ㣬ңУƺԷϵЩƣȻǼӴ˺ܶ౶ڶʱڱĵ˰˿Դ
÷˾УʮһԴҲֲ˶죬ңҪôһԴ㹻
ԭΪ´ˣôһƺҲֲ˶ã
ֻܽΧشˡ
ŲԶЩĻ棬üͷ૳
Ȼ֮ûϸĽ򣬵ǣԶԶĸܵΧЩɫ¶ȣƱ֪Դ룬ֻҪճɻҽ
ǣʱ˿̣ҲûиõѡˣΨн뵽ΧУܹЩ˵׷٣
СӣҪˣ
ƺµ˼صĳ
ԿУǾֻǰˣ
ƺ˿֮ļᶨ


1561 һĻ
ǰһƬƵĴأߵȺɽ޾Ļȼգƺ㣬ԶҲϨ𣬷پһУƺҪطٳһ
Ϸħ
ƲûйԥȫתϷħڣÿһϸں޾ӿγһɫĹ⻷ΰ㵴䣬ΧĻ뿪
Ϸħʵһּܹ츳طӵԣֹܹ󻡶ȵ߷ڷӡһЩԭܱӡ
ĿģʵҪ֮ǿּ츳
תϷħ֮󣬷Ƴĺ˿һƬᶨŲǳ浱ȥ
ո̤ɫĻ浱УһƤĸоΪ£ļµĸоϷħ֧ţӷϵķڣһҲֲ£
ȻˣҲǸоʹÿһƤƺбѵΣգѾȼԼÿһϸܵƿƺҪɻҽˣ
У룬ᱻ˷֣
Ȼʹ̣ƽŲȴûͣ£Ǽѵһһĳȥ
죬ϯŰһУƵĴԵĸСҡҡ׹ƺһĴǻеĻҽ
ȴûͣ½ŲһСɽº֮ҵһ֮أͣ
һɽƺΪģȴûоȥעЩֱ߽˸ߵɽУңһʯɽϡ
һУ֮ɽ
ɽڵɫ棬ЩƺƾնƬڣ
СӣԴĵĺܿ죬ʮһԴֻܹһ£
ϵܳأ
ֻܼһ𣿡
⻰֮󣬷Ƶüͷֱӱ
һ£ûа취Ϸħɡ
ڵĳ̶ȣΪ֮صɹϴӣϷħѾǴĳɵĳ̶ȣȻڣҪڶʱڴɹ췽ҹ̷
һ£̫ˣ
˼֮󣬷Ʋۼᶨ˵ʦÿԽԼԴ
ʳܵס𣿡
ϵЩɡ
ţ
Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷ
ɫĻ棬Ǵʥ۷ҲԳܣǾûа취ģǣĿǰ֮⣬Ҳûиõѡˣ˵ܹһӾһӡ
Ϊ뵽ЩӣѾоԼһЩԿɼ
ʱΧشЧȻѣ
Ǻãһļ
ԥãܵƼᶨ֮ĵķϣҲֻӦ

ڣ⣬һشɫȼţƿÿһÿһ鼡⣬ÿһϸÿһ񾭡
Ļ𺣣Ƹо¾ϸϸиԼһʹѵǲᶨˣʹ൱зˡ
ƣҲܣϵѾٳ˻ҽʱɽУӱϿƤ֮¶ǷһĨĨ⣬ƺܵȼš
ⲻһĻ桭
ھ͸ܵˣֻȫһ޷ͨĻ֮ǽȻִͬڡ
ԣ֮񶼿Ϊּܹ֮Ĵ˺
Ҳ紫˵˵Ļ棬Ǵеġ
лᣬĺĺĵشȥ﾿ʲôoȥ
Բڣ
ʱǽΧشǧҵľ룬зϱӻ֧Ųסˣ˵ʲôĵشأֻΧһľ룬ͻᱻճɻҽˣ
ʱѾɽ˺Ѿܣʥؽɸ˱ƽУѾˣڹ۷硣
Ϊ˭Ҳȷڵ˾ɸˣǿɲºȴʲôҲռ
ɸȻãǣȴҲôշģȻԶʱڵʱͱЩʱڵĴߣԼıˡ
ԣֻҪ˽һʷˣĿ궼ɸɸǸˣ
Ŵû飬ھȻһʥ׵ˣ˵ϣ˵ıӵмΪƽڣ
⣬Ҫ֪˽ģ


1562 ʽĴ
תۼ䣬ʱǹȥһ£һڣ֪ж߽ǰĿڣ
Χشÿһ綼ѱˣǴۼҲ˿ȻԣҲܹжϵĳʥصһλ뼸֣ǲⶾˣ
ǣʲôɵģȴǸ˵硣Щ˵ؼ£Щ˵ľ֣һ֣ǽɸ˸ˣȻշɱǼʥصǿߣ
⣬Ѿ˰ʥصǿߣֲڸβһû¶ʥصݡ
ټѾѰ˸飬ôֻʣˡһڵʱӵɸ֮˱Ҳ˶֣ڶ뵽ΧУ
һ˽ɸˣȫţڶ֣ȴ벻ס
ΧٶҪʥ۷徳磬Ȼֻ·һ
ӵдʥ۷ʵôһʼûбҪܣңǱһͨ׷Ϯ
ɵأдﵽΧȴҲûҵκεĺۼ
ԣһܶ˶û֮ǰǰˣǿҲˣֻ߶ѡ
ǣΨһǣʥصȴһû٣ңԽԽˣƺǺܿ϶˻һʵЩ벻ס

˵ģô󣬲ΧûôùıײԣһֱܰĵĶɽڴϷħ
ʦټ֣
ƻ¶һܴܻ磬ȴǺܼᶨ˵š
ţΧǲӨӨ֮ۿɼٶȥһ㡭

ҽӷƿкԵЩɲѪ͹𣬻¶ʮطƣЩɫѪҺ˿ڱǱɫƿЩƣܹļһ̶ȵˣǯ}ˡ
ƵҪ󣬷ϲûнĳ̶ȵȥֻĬĬڹ۲š
һĻʵֻڣһڣÿ춼ڷũҩĴڣƵͲ˰ˡ
ˣطϡܹһЩ̺ۡ
һµʽĴôҲ˷ƵԭֻĲҵϷħѾﵽ߲ң
ȻǸ٣ܹõ٣
һʥ׵ˣΧش壬ⱾѾ漣ˣ
ȻܵĲǺܶ࣬ǣɫܣȴΧǳĻܹġ
ҲǷǿԵʣһˣ¾һλʥ۷֮˵ıӻҲ޷ɫĻ棬ᱻճɻҽ
ҲɣУÿʱÿ̶Ϊģȡͻơ
ҲΪһδεԣڶ̶һʱͻ࣡
ʵʱֹڷЩˣڣҲǱɫյһͿлڴܶΪľѾﵽ˼£ȻԺļ
Ժ֮ϣЩɫĻڿһһĲʳĲš
˿̣ѾʹûˣԣɫڵĶ̬ȴǲ֪ȻԻ÷ϼӴӻ̶ȣ
һ˵ڣǱֵڣ治֪ᷢʲô飬пԺᱻپʱ˭ҲȲ
Сӣ費Ҫ
ϲеطѿΪҵķƣЩ̣Ȱʵ
衭Ҫһܼ֣
ƶ϶˵ţΪҵʹЩ鴤ţȴҧؼš
ӻٴμɫӣڣطٻ⣬ܴ࣬ء
ҩ貣ڣϣһҶɲƬҶҡҷ䣬ǻԣȴԶԶƻٶȡ
ʱΪũҩ޷ЩɫʴѾΪؼĲλ
൱嵱еһÿһ

ɫʴ˱ʱ򣬷ƾȻҲ޷ˣȻתϷħȴڵϲϵĹţƺҪϨڵĻ档
һȻͽͣ޷ֹ෴ģӵʢˣ
ڵһɫʴϵʱ򣬱һʰ˳βˣٶȵĳʴȥ
һƻеʱ򣬷ƵһĨհףƺʧȥ˼ϷħҲͣ


1563 ۲۵ķ
䣡
ͬʱƺû˰޾ɫͻȻıǽ˰ڣѸٵȼ
õķϴʧɫҪϵϷƣȴǷ֣ڷƵУѾһƬ𺣡
Ļ棬û֪ǴӺζûκεĿȼʣǣȴǳ棬һֱȼգΪǧŲţ
ʱɫĻ棬Ȼ˷ƵԺڣܵȼţʳŷƵ꣬Ѿʧȥ˼˶𽥵ı
ˣ
ɫĻ棬Ҫڵʱһֱϵɸˣ죬һصĹΣ˲ϯ˷
صһˣЩܹپһеĻ棬ֹ֮£Ȼֱӱˣһ˲ڱǱɨԺʧɾ
ڣٴλָ
Сӿѣ
ڷƻָǵʱ򣬶߱ǴһżĽкţͬʱһʹǴĵףܵ˴һ޷̲ͣסһ
Ϸħ
Ȼʲô飬ǣԵĵһʱڱתϷħ

ڣ޾Ľɫÿһ鼡⣬ÿһϸӿһصķʽתʱһƬ⣬ڵЩɫķգǽ֮ȫ⡣
ͬʱũҩϵҶɲҡҷǻԣѸٵ޸дˣ
ȻΪΪһʣԼӴ˱ӻɫȫˣȻƷչȥֻҪһ˲䣬˱ǻᱻճɻҽ
Сӣʲô£ΪλԺڣ
ƺתˣЩȲʵ
꣬ҲֻڹһȦֲûʲôջ֮󣬱뿪ˣû̽
ܹһʲô䣬Ҳճɻҽˣﻹʲôأ
⡭Ҳ
ּȵʹУƸĹ۲ڵĶ̬Ȼ֪ɫ˳ż׵ԺУɸٴԶʱѾһѽٻˣ
ң˷ϵĻҲǳһ亹
ڲ֪УڹŹһȦͻزˣ
ѵɸ㣿
Щɻ૵
Ӧǰɡ
ҲȷΪʱɸѾָ˳̬ʲô쳣
ʸ˫ǴΣʵҲĪıǼһˣȻƾʱı£ҪƷʸ˫ȴǲܵ飡
һĬãϲ˵СӣԴֻʣʮˣ㻹ڴã
⻹һڽԼ˵ĽȻֻܾʣʮ߾ſˣ
ֻʮˣ
⻰Ƶüͷɵı
Դģǳ֮⣬ˣܹڴʱҲһˣ
ң뻹Ҫ漸ԴھȼȻܵʥػ׷ϣûзϵİܹѣ
ֻǣ鿴ڵʱ򣬸Ӧһ֮󣬲ûϲɫ૵Ϸħ߳ɵĵزɲܴɣٻҪ£߰ʱ䡭
Խ棬ԽܹڰڽϷħɣʵѾܲˣ
֪֮ڴڴ˶ãߵҲͬϾڵķƲǴʥףɫĻ棬ȻѹЧҲ͸ѣ
ʥ۷徳ˣô;ԴﲻڵЧһʱܹɣǺܲˡ
쿪ˣٷһ¼ҲĻʬ޴棡
ϴصǳš
ƾһӣһķӣΪԲһУ
ɫʹĳǣǰСһȴǿһֱĸо
Լûа취̶ֳȣ
¼ԣ
仰ԺȴһĨ⣬ͻأĴžϲеˣɸܹɸӻǾûк֮ǣ
ղȻգǣԵĸоԭöûƵϷħȴͻأһأڼͿͻ߳˳ɾ統ˣ
һΣԿԽ˳ɾ硭Ļһ£Ҳܹɣ
һ˷ܵĴϲõķЩĿɿڴ
һǸӣ۲۵ķӣֱǲҪΪ
Ҫ֪ȻͷȻˣǣʱƵĲҿǿУ㶼ճɻҽˣΪңҲ̶ã
ǣھȻҪԴΪͻƵ


1564 Ե
Уûнݾ
һ˵츳ȻΪҪǣ־ҲǱزȱٵģ
ܶĽЩ֮ӣڼΪͱ˴ʥĳɾͣЩܹһȣ
ǣֻЩ֮ӹʵһ棬ȴûпǱļ븶
ûܹĳɹǿĵ֧ţҪö٣ͱҪ٣
ʱʵٶȣ˵󣬵ǣȴֻзһ֪˶٣
Щÿһ죬ÿһ̣ƶԵţ屻ɫһһεĴݻ٣ճɿݹǣصļβʬ޴ˡ
ũҩȻ¼һҩ䣬֮ԵʱڵҩΪģܹΰٲ򶾣ȻӲڻ£ܹ׹⣡
Ȼƾı£Ҳֻ´ˡ
еƣе߱ŵݾҲ򵶹ιǣʹ꣬ǣÿ춼мҪˣǣ뵽ԼĴ뵽Ĵ֮е͸ӵļᶨˣһһεĶɹѹأ
һô仹˭
ϿҲƽǣҲοиǳڴ
ܹԿˣ̫ˣ־ᶨ߸ǲ٣ǣ츳һˣȴǺ˵Ǿ޽С
ʱ̶ֳȵֻ³˷ƣҲûܹܵĵɣûɸĴڣͱһѻҽˣ
һһΣƵⶼɫȼգƿһɲĴнɫѪҺȥΪ}ˡ
ڵϲϵķţ຿ţɽлصţ쳹š
ã˵ϣ˫񣬾ѾȥһԭصĺҲϵĻ棬Ҳӵˣ˶ûڡ
ˣ
һصķ쳹ϵɫ滺ĳȥϵǵĽɫâһּΪصӾʵʰ㣬䣬һĲĲ

Ʋũҩ»Ļָ˹ӣһĨĽ⣬ûϲ෴ģüͷ΢΢𣬿૵ѾˣΪλǲܴɣ
תۼ䣬һʱȥˣÿÿһһε֮ĥƵѾһ˼޷ĵزǰϷħѾ˾ų۷ĵز
ֻǣʱѾȥ죬ڼ֪˶ٴĴȴ粽δһֱھųɵľϣͻһ
գЩᣬͨ޷⾿
˵֮ĴЧٵģǣ춼ûκͻƵĺۼ˵⵱п϶֪ԭڡ
ӦѾǴԵˡ
ϾЩĹ۲죬һۡ
ƵѾȷѾûκĿռˣԣҪϷħɣѾֻڴԭˡ
š
ƺͬĵ˵ͷһƬɻɫ˵Ǿʲôԭأȱʲô
⡭ҪԼȥ򡣡
ϳЩѵСӣԴѾֻʣˣٲ뿪򣬿ɾͳŲ˼ˣ
飿
üͷ£γһ֣ãǻվ뿪ˡ
ȻϷħûдɵĵزڶ̶̵µʱڣܹ֮ĳɳ̶ųɣѾ޷һδ󻡶ȵˣ
Լ飬ԼȻǺñȵʽĥǣΪɸڣʵûΣա
ֻϧɸĿƣȻƿɸһǸ绢
һжѣûŪףɸΪλԺڣ̸ʲôȥƿɸأ
죬ŪɸԺڵԭҲʱܹƿɸ
ʱҪǵĲɸ⣬βܹȫ뿪
Ȼûпǣȴܹĵʲôĳڵȴ
ʥӾԲưոݣ棬ܻŴڵȴԼֻҪһСģͻٲ֮أ
Ҳܻдʥ۷徳̫ϳϼڣ
ǵģ
ԴҪӵǾԲܵģ
ûм뿪˼Լĺ·


1565 ĩյ
һƬ̵ĵУըѾ֪˶ˣԶԶĿȥһƬ׹˸˸ضڶţ죬˻õⷽԲǧڵ޶ԶԶ뿪ҴƬУƺ»ѡ
¡¡
һغһ̶Ϊ֮𶯣һʮڶܹܵĵƬǿ߽ԾԶԶĹۿԴĶ̬
ʱ׹Ѿ٣ֻһƵǰյС

ͻأģĴЦ쳹ǧ֮⣬˻ޣǹȥ顣
һˣ
úǿ߸ǰǵӰ֮󣬷
ֲ̫ǿˣԶɸܵǿѹΪˣնˡ
ֲʥ𣿡
һ߲г𺳣ȴһĨȡ
˻
⻰Ĵ˾ڵ֮ɫŨˣЩСģѾ˺󣬲Ҵԭء
Ƭǿ֮һѾͻʥ۷壬˵ĻȻһţ
ʥףѵǡ۾𣿣
ûԸţǳԽʥףǲǵͬ˵ǵӰѾͻʥ
ꡭ
Ȼ䣬ǵӰ˫磬˺գǣԶ˶ͷȥֱ˫ӡ
ʥأǵĩյˣ
ƶɱϢؼصţ̧ͷʱȴǷ֣ԶǵߴӰѾټ
ʥأѵʥԹ
ѵǰĽ岻ɣ
ôܣѾôܶɹ٣
ʥһǵ˴鷳ˡ
Щ˿ȥЩǰƬɽ֮عۿ

ƽȻѾȥʱ䣬ǣķ粨ȴûƽϢ
ԭȻǰʥصûߣ
˵ʥΪţңɶУ
ڴµʱ䣬õ˶ľѣɡ
ɲʲôƵأÿ˽ڶܵһѹΪڴʥģΧȥ
һʥͨ׷ɱˣܹڴµʱ
ǴΧشҲ󣬶ңΧشһֱаʥصѰӰ˵Χļʺܵͣңʱ޺ĵطҲǽӽΧˣ
ܶΪǲѾڷǣǶϢʥӶУֻһ仰ţ
֪ΪΣԽϢõİʥԽΪɣƶΧشУ
ǲ飬Ƽ棬͵͵Ĺ۲ܳʱ䣬֣Էľ粻ǴʥףԼǣܹǣԷȻӵҲ
ڶڣһУǳ
һĶ֣ЩΪЩĵ飬֣ڷǰļ¼һƬհףͺƾճֵһ
˵ûЩţҲǹԷһ˵ΪܻԷŭ
ǣЩӵĵȴȴ֣ûվΪ˵
ԾͲϳ
ԷıǶ֮һôԲĿԼ˵ľУ
ԣЩɵ㵱У󵨵Ĳ²⣬Էֻܵͣӵдѣ
ˣ޼ɵɳ̫ϳϼǰҪƻ׽

ڡ
֣ѵĽΧش
õϢɻЩ벻ס
Եʱۼ˵Ӧǽ򡭡
ԶǳͨȺҲ߻شţܿ϶
ʱ䣬ҲѾȥ˰ɣѵȻΧ£
΢΢ſС죬Щ˼
Ǵʥ۷徳磬ΧĻֻ·һ
ĪܹһУǺĵشǽ۱ͶȥҲᱻٳɻҽ
ԣ磬ҲһûбҪǰȥ
̫ˣܵУʲôҲûʣ£κε챦ȥкã
û
ߵ˵ͷҲЩп
кܶδ֪ܡ
ʣãǲͷ߷Ըˣ֪ˣȥ̽飬һϢ㱨
ǡ
Ӧһ֮󣬹ˣ߳˷䡣


1566 ʵ
ɽ֮󣬷ƱͫСĳΧشȥ
УͫҲܵ˺ܴĸţܹǧ׾ڵľ
һȴҪǣϵĸ֪Ҫǿϲ֪ٱ
ǳΧУϱѸٵѡ˻Χת˷򣬺мʮ֮󣬲߳Χ
ʥص˹Ȼڣ
һƬ䣬ɱȻ
ףҪץԼģǰʥɣĲҪΰʥĳɾͣԣǧټƵҪõɸҲҪõڵ𴫳У
һ·ǱжܿʥǿߵѰоա
ԴͻƴʥԺȻѾȶǣһʱڣ˼Ե֮棬ûע
УǾ͸Ӳ˵ˣһֱϷħȻѾﵽ˴ʥ߰˽׵ĵزǣϣȴûеõ
ھһʥ߽׵ǿߣҲĽ֮ܣ
ϷħųɵĵزʩչӡĿֲܶһЩľϲ
ֻǺܿϧʱĴȴһϷħɣ˵Ըٴʥ磬״ʥ۷壬ҲҪã
ÿһ󾳽֮䣬Խɱˣܶ˶ܹǣԽһȴܣ
ǣȴãԼڳ״ʥ۷ĵزʩչӡܹٴʥǿߣ
ƣ
뵱֮ɨҲ˺պ֮޵֣
ʱȻӵλǣ֮񣬾ڤ֮£ԵֻҪһἰ壬뵽ľ֮񣬶λһ˻û˵ǹϵЩвλļء
ֻƿ֪δܵĿ£
Ʊˣᵽںʩչĺô֮ãʱֻ֮¾Ҳһս֮
ȻЩĲ룬Ͼ̫ңԶˣ̶ܳȵһҲûУԸ޷㡣
ϷħϷӡٱܣ۶¼䣬ܹɨͬһˣ
ֻڣʥصǿߣȴǲΪʥӶǼΪ˽⣬ֻܵȽǿĶԸǶٴʥҲǶ֣ԣѰˣڶٴʥϣ
ȻԴСںУڵǣϴʹóСǳ˺üŻָԣҲãڹؼʱ̲ʩչ
ԣֻѡã
ڣ仯״ȥһˣͫڹ۲Զ
⣬һƬë֮أظѣݲܹϲԶǻһ˶ڰȻǲûʥصķΣǣǴڵĿġ
֮㲻ǰʥصˣ֮⣬δضԼкġԣء
ȻҲˡ
ɨһȦƵڱһĨȡ
Ȼ˻ʸ˫ʮ׷ߣûȥǻһӵм䣬Ůһػţ
ôľ˫¶ʥϢȴӵǻˣϳһìܵʡ
ҲΪìܵʣԣ׷ߣ󶥼֮ӣҲݵʯȹ£
â޵ףȥ޼ʵǿգȹƮƮ貨ӣһߵأɨŻڵĶ̬
ҲǸ֪˷ƵĿ⣬ʸ˫Ҳɨ˹һۣǷ˷ڡ΢ɻ֮ڱһĨ⡣

ưһ䣬֪ϣѸٵ뿪ԭأԶжȥ
ߣ
ԶȻƮĶУõɫһ䡣
ߣƾʲô
Ҳܹܲͳһ
Լ飬Լʸ˫ڻĽָڣ˵֮ŮϷŹԼҲš
ֻ£߻ң
ŮǿֲĶܼţ
ӲģʥѾ򣬶ɳһλ̫ϳϣ㲻Ļֻܸߣ
ú󣬻ʸ˫ٴγԺڣõٶֱӾͻɫҲĺ
ȻѾµֿԣǣʵ֮Ҳࡣ
̫ϳϼĴڣ˵Ǵʥ۷徳ǿ


1567 Χ
Ϣڷ˵ȷ͸ȴҲõеˡ
һλ̫ϳȻ£ǣȴҲӵжԸֶΣ
ߣȷҵİȫ
ǸֳһĨŹֵ΢ЦתͷŻʸ˫һۣȻõ٩˵òʸҪү˰ɣ£Ҫ޸ңôҾ͸ߣ
һ仰ʱõĻʸ˫ڶȻ⣬ĺܹ˵ꡣ
ǵ裬Ѫϴӣ
ҪֽԼʬΣǣȴûоԵİץסƣ
ٶ̫ˣȥƺڽһδ֪Ķ٣õҲЩ⡣
ϾĻҲ̫ˣ汦𣿣
֪ҽٸ߰ʥأж𣿡
ʸ˫ɳĴ
֪
ƺȻĵ˵ͷµٶȲɵıǿ˼ֻ֣²ȱʥصץõȥɣңѡҲһ·
˵ģȷʵʣѡһԷûоܾɣңƿɸԺǰ;޷ԤƵġ
ͣ£
˵䣬һȴǴΪƴΧڶܹ
Ȼ춯Ѿ˰ʥ֮˵ע⣡
ৡ
Ĵ׷ϮȥõķֻĳĻĮȥ
򣬾ֻ·һʱΨͻΧ·ѡ
û취ԴѾˣһֱ򣬸ֲ˶졣
ģ
ưһдл
ԽԽ࣬ңһ磬ܵһεѹ
ѵǸɸ˳ˣ
ߵĶ̬Ҳ˲˵ע⣬Щ˷׷׷ȥ
ܹðʥ˴󶯸ɸˣֻһ
ʸ˫΢΢üΧĻʹȻĿ£ҲƮ𣬻һ̣ȥ
ǷƱʥصץǾԲշɱģ
ϾʥصĿɸǷˣ˵ûκκô

дİʥǿ׷ϮǰҲ̫ƽÿԶǻʥصǿΧأȴԤ֪˹ȥ
ȥһˮеһֿٵĶΧһеϮٵĳԶӴܡ
ȥȻǱʱȴҲֻһ·ѡ
Ȼ԰ʥصĺⲢûнôԺлᣬԲðʥغùпܣ뽫֮ĨȻԺд鷳
䣡
ͻأģһǿƴֱڣΧһ֮ڣضǱȥƵӰҲûڡ
ϵģƲûܵĴˣңҲûĴ㣬ǻĴӵ𣬵עųǰһߡ
ȻͷѾһ룬ǣȴûаƣǺ嫺䣬ؼ侹ȻǴһ嫺ĳ
˻ǰʥصһλ̫ϳϣΪ壬ǧǰѾ̤˴ʥ۷徳磬Ѿǧ꣬ǰʥӵ벻ھȻ
ԶһЩ˸úԶ֮ͣһȥмʶӾֻǣУȴһĨɻ벻ڡ
һ⻰ȴȫ˽ˡ
⹫ǰʥӵ˵Ҫ粽ıʥӣӦóʱĳ֣пܣӰʥӵ
һ䣬ȥʥӵͷӵļᶨˡ
ǲԺаӹңʥӳһƿذʥأʱֻǻ鷳
Ƭ̣ƱǱʥصΧѾûͻΧĿܡ
ǣڷƵȴûһ˿Ļ֮⣬෴ԵЩд⣬ƮƮһƮݵζ
ѵеƶԸʥص̫ϳ𣿡
ԶĻʸ˫Ļ֮üͷɵһ
Щ˽ƵˣһԲԿˣңһ·ϣֶԷٶȣڷ¼ԾҪ࣬ƺڵȴ˸ϣ
ǹⱻΧסģ
һͷڻʸ˫ĵѿЩ𶯡
㻻˵ľ棬ҲΨһ;ǣǰСӣȴܹ̹Ȼԡ
ѵ˵ӵеĵ̱ԼҪ𣿣


1568 
⣬ʱԵЩţ˷ûҵ
ǰһʮӵķƣϵɫҲûжٱ仯ֻǣȴһĨɻ
̫ƽˣŷƻ᲻֪Լ⣬ˣƻܹ򶨣ѵ˵޿
ܿģĿǷ˷аһɫСϡ
СӲǰƴСϿ̻һЩҲ׵·ûκȥͨȴҲ
õԶЩҲһͷˮΪղŷ¶ٶȣҲǲСŴʥ׵ˡ
֣Χ֮£Ȼ棿
ʸ˫Ҳ޷ɫСӵʵ͸¶ɻ
ⲻǳڶǵǸƷٵѵȻɸ
ߵЩʹһ۱ϳʱľɫĲƽ
ڶڵĴУƿνǳ˷ͷһ˴һ˴õڶ֮Ľ۾죬һĪĵ⣡
ǣȴҲ벻һﾹȻɸǸˣ
ƺ˴Ϊλûбļһˡ
ɸõǵͷҲѹһɽһҲЩ
ǴУ޷շɸõ˵һǲ߱ʣ
ȻЩʱֻǲѣûܹȷɸǱˣȻǾûпôƽ

ǴΧУƵȴǰδйƽûκλң
ȷǹģҪʥص̫ϳ
ܽΣᱩ¶ˣԣԱĿʾˣҪԺ鷳ôΨ
ߣȥʥʥ
ƽĶŷ˵ԵЩأʥӣѵҪһ֮𣿣
ⳡܹ죬ԼһѾõһǴʥ׵ȻأԼҲЩĪ
ڷϣûзʲôܹвԼĴڣҲΪƵ򶨣ضԴ
仰ȴȴеɻ
һֱûдһ˵õɸڶڣ쵱ڴ˰ʥӵȴ˽֪
죬ʥԾûеӶΪֵܵˣȻͳĸˣ
ҲܽͣΪǰʥӵ̫ϳǰˡ
ϾʥӿҪΪʥصһ˵Ĵڣ¼ϣȻ۵㣬УѪϴˢ
õȤȴԭؿĶ̬
˵أ
һĨɫĹâƽ͸¶һֱͬʱаŵĺɫСҲͣ
Ͳˣ
һĨȻ䣬ϵƱΧĿռһը죬һǺƣŷƱȶȥռ䶼ǷŤ

Ѿһεľ飬תܾͬʱ˫һƣɫСӱǱһϸ졣
䣡
һɿֲȻǱ˳һʱ䱻ǳɢ˹ǹɫ˳ϸ쵱ңŷԽԽþ𽥵ıһࡣ
ৣ
һһӰĴӷֱûǺɫĳС
໺𣡡
޺죬ƻХض쳹ĵĺõԶз
ֺ
ʱŰʥص˵һشˣ֮ɫʱļΪ԰ס
ԶҲֺΪǶȥ˰ʥһλԭ
˭Ҳܺӣǻʸ˫ΧЩʹߣɫǱļΪ
ǺɫĳĿ֮£۳һͷصľޣ
ֻǰڷǰǣȴıһεѹ¶˳ΧĿռ䶼һ㣬ۿɼĵȥ
ꡭ
ΧЩ̫İʥصǿߣɿռ䲨˲ʱ˱ǱһѪ䡣
һģЩȫڶٴʥϵİʥǿߣǳƬôȥֻһƬĲҽǱ
ҲɣһǰƵѹȣɫѿ˼㣬ڣȻǴһĨ־ɫ
޸û֣ƾƱǽ˸ѹˣͷǶ֣˭Եֵס


1569 
ɳĮĵУһͷڵľͷͷ룬ϲһµ·䱳һ˫޴ĳ򣬻ɣһĵ¶˲ľ
Ƶ¶ʥصһǿ߱⵽˺ɨһƬһĵȥΧضȾˡ
һĻ𺳵˵꣬õзһʱڣϾȻǱĳĬûκ˷еĿⶼǼͷ֮ϡ
̫ˣ嶼Ӧʥصǿ߱мٸֻ֮࣬ʮΪվں󷽣Բ⣡
ҲǴ죬ٵԶ
ʥӣ
ʮֵĵĮںһĨ⣬˱ĵ˵նˣǣһӹڰʥ棡
ȻǺܴ󣬵ǣԶ˶ܹʱһɫжôѿˡ
һ仰ֱǱƵİʥӶû·ˣ
Ӧսʥӻʲôˣ
ۼĿɲֹǶĶˣ˷¼һ仰϶ᱻȥʥӲսֻǻ۰ʥ
ǰʥܣĸ̫ϳϱնɱ󣬰ʥظԱշţõİʥصѾ½ࡣ
ȴΪɿܵԭԣɵӰȴǺܴ
ڵȴǲͬˣҲǶʮѣңֻǴʥףͬ˵սʥӶҽܣôʥػʲô
¾ǺˣԺηѵҪҰʥΪвɣ
ɫ䣬гв֮⡣
ڷĲ²⣬Ѿλһ£ȻĿܴ裿
ﲢҪҪǣʥӸҲҽҵս
ĿûΪ֮ҹмƲƲ죬õĹɫٴѿ˼֡
Ϊм䴣һͷֲľޣһ֣ڵȴ
ɱ
ӷƿ³Ż䣬ڱǱһǿҵĲ
ৣ
ʱһ˭ҲûԤϵ飬ȻûӲ෴ģȻȾܣõԶ˵°ͶѾˣ
Ȼˣ
ϸһֱڹ۲ŷƵĻʸ˫ȴûпκżɫ෴ģ¶һĨǳǳĲм
໺𣡡
һХĴͷһֻ׳ǰ㣬ռ䶼ˣǴ֮ռ䶼ݲֻǰĴˡ
̣
һը쳹˱ǿռƺˣʵʵŤһ˲䶴ѾǴʥ۷徳ĹֱӱѪһ̲Ѫȥ
ৣ
˻ûзӦʱ򣬾ʧһѽСڻǻһ⣬ٵԶתۼʧڵƽϡ
һڶڵĻ
ԶƮõԶ˶ǻع
һз̫ˣʸ˫ǳͷ޳ֵ𺳵Уһʱڣ˭ҲûעƾȻٵȥˡ
һУһʥ۷徳̫ϳϾʹˣһ㷴֮ûУ̫ˣԣ֪Ѿȥˣǣţ
˭Ҹȥ𣿣
Ҫд籩ˡ
һµĺ
ʥοʧأڶ̶̵µʱڣȻλ̫ϳϼǶҲԲңҪĻǰʥص⡣
Ѿǽ뵽۾ż۸ҲͰˣھȻһǴʥ׵շɱһλ̫ϳϣʥػǲܲʵĻԺ˭Ƶʥأ
ͷޣʲôȻӵʵԺη
˳ʣɻ
ͷ޿ȥ̫ǿˣң¶ʵ뽭ȣշɱ̫ϳϼ˿д⣡
˵ǿĴڣԻһЩ봫ԣǣܹǣͷ޵һͷ涼һƬհףƵҲͬˡ
ԣעò𰸣
˭
˵ǣʸ˫жǳɻ֣ԽҪ˽ƣȴ֣ԽأƺУ˿
ʵơ
ڲŷ֣ԭΪѾ˽ˣȴǺİ
ѵѾƿɸڵĴˣ
ʸ˫Զʣ˸һĨӵɫ


1570 
ⷢһУһЩ˵Ĵ£ǰʱ䣬ǴһЩҲõͬϢ
һλ̫ϳϵ䣬Ӷ԰ʥӵƣֱӱǽʥٴζ˷ڡ
¼ҪûܹȷΪɸΪ֮ѾҪˣҪǣƿһͷֲܹɱ̫ϳϼľ޴ڣõ˭ҲҶңڵƸƵĻǰʥӲҽսԺ̧ͷпʥӵλҲˣ
ڰʥڣȻֹһһſЦ˿ǲ٣ֻҪлᣬҲʥ֮λ
ңھһЩĵ˴Ѿǰʥһ˵ˣֱǽʥظˮʥûһЩжĻֻҪΪЦ
Ʒ٣֣Ϊε¼׵Ϊ˲ǵĶ

Ϣ˰ʥصУ˵İʥɫֱӾ
ʥӳ֪飬˵ľҲǺ
ΪʥӸûнƾɸ֮˵ϢȥΪҪϢЩڰеľ֪ԣǹ壬Ҳ֪顣
ȥʥӹ
ʥûжٸɫʵ˵һ仰
ȻʥԺΪʥصƶˣǣûֱӵѪԵϵϵҲֻϵ
ȻʥӵȴʥѵģңԵ񣬵õһλԶoĴУӶѹһںѡʥӣʥ֮λ

һȥ翵ֻ쳹һ΢ƿǳ
ú󣬰ʥӱǽ뵽ɫķڡ
ʥ
ʥȻѱǴʱȴǹĶ԰ʥ
ʱھʲô飿
ʥ۾Ŀǰ֮ӣûκλʵ
ţ
ʥ̧ͷ˲䣬ֵȥ˸
ɳģԼţκȴȫշɱˣԣʱûеõѾշɱϢ
ʥ
װһϻ̳ϿֵģʵȴڲɣǷ˽Ϣй¶ʥ֪ԱƻԼĺ¡
ղŴϢڼʱǰ壬Ѿշɱˣ
ʥƽ˫˸ŻâӣһֱֱŰʥӵһһ
ʲô
仰ʥڵɫ˲˴㵣¶ŵɫ
常ңڰʥҲһһǿߣⶫУܹշɱģ治డ
ȴǲõİʥܹܵˣ
ңǸΪƷٵģ
ⲻܣ
ʥЩʧ̬ľȻܲʵ
ŰʥһأЩɫͷû
һ仰˵ڶǵ㡭
ʥ˵һ²ؼ飬ƽˡ
ǣ
ʥƺҲʲôᶨ˵һᴦ飬ʥߣ
˵գʩһ񣬲ǻ˳˷䡣
ڻװʥģҲ͵ʥصʥˣ
ԣʥ˼Լǳ飬ԼˣôҲףԼʥͷˣ츳ǿһھҲûٴλϣ

ޣ
˴֮󣬰ʥӵüͷ
ûܹµڴ޺ȻǳԷƵԭҲûԤϵƾȻ˵ƵĴڣ
õܲɣʱƼͷûκοܻʤ
ԣȥǲȥǳҪǵ⣡
ӦҪƳңҪɱڡ
ʥںâ˸뵽˷ƵͼԣЩԥ
ƵݹǾԲԸģΪǴˣɸûķˣ
ʱ֪ݵˣӦþʸҵĻʸ˫˶ѣ
ңڴܹɱʥ۷徳ǿߣ㽫ϢֻҲûĸԸͷȥǡ
ɸһƿɸڵ챦
ͻأģһĿȣҲĳ
ȻǣҲֻǴʥ׶ѣҾͲܹһֱ֧ġ
йһһϵеļƻȥ


1571 Ϣ
ʱһУƾѾԤƵ֮ᷢһС
ʱкףʥӲԼݣ֮ҲѾڲԼˣңڵʱָӲ˵£Ҳֻѡǿˣ
ҲΨǿƣΨиһЩĵһǿҵǲŲ
ʵ֤ȷģңΪǾ仰˵Ŀⶼ˶ǣ෴ģٵûȥעˣ
ԺҪӣôͱһֱǿƣ

ͬһ죬ʥҲ˰ʥӵӦӦսҪڶչս
һʱڣձǷˣ
֮ҪսǾ޽еģһʢ£ûԸ
ȻƵһֱûбǣཻܵһѾ˵Ĳ
ʥӣ͸Ӳ˵ˣΪʥصƶˣһһǣ˵ߡ
ԣϲڵȴĵҲһεϣǰᣡ
ʱѾ˶ڣңʹڴڡ
ƹӹȻеڹʥؿ⡣
ˮͣдģһЩ֮̾ڡ
˵ɻǵ͹˷ƣûϵоȻһ͵ĵƣȻܹɱʥ۷ǿߣ
ˡ
ϲû¶ɫ෴ģһƽֳô󶯾˲һ
Ǵռ鱨Ϊ󶥼ЩĵӣūҲһ˽⣬ǣ飬칫֮⣬Ҳֻкƹܹˡ
ϴӯӯЦ⣬Ϊһ¶
ôһҲ֪ҵˣ
ɨһۣҲ˿Ķϵ񱭣һڡ
¹عӵİΣūȻҵ
˵ţּóһݷ˷ǰ
Ʒ񱭣չϸϸĿ
ȻǼ˹ڰʥӵһϢʵ⣬һʱʥǿߵĶ̬
ȻõһλԶoĴУʥһλ͵Ĵ
üͷ
дʥӴʱǶʮ꣬ǣǰѾ˴ʥ磬ʱѾһٴʥĽ׵ĳ̶ȣţһǰնɱһ׳̶ȵǿߣһûʩչʵ޷ƣ
ڰʥӵӵһλoĴУʲôȴû֪ǴҲûκεļأ
ΪЩʥӳֵˣѾˣǰʥڲˣᱻܵڣܹ֪ĵƵģǰʥصĺȻ©ף
ܹ֪ʥӵĴʵѾǷǳ˲ˣ
صЩ¼ȴõķƵɫֱȥ
Ǵ鱨֪λʥص̫ϳϣʮλϼֳŶǸ
Ȼ뽭һĴֻʥûǰˣ
ԭһ棬ǰʥԶ֣Խˣ
λ̫ϳʮλϣڷ˵ʥǰûж
⣬ʵҲԤϵУĿҲΪ˽Щ⵽ʱ©
Ȼʥ˽Լ봺ֹϵǣʥ֪ڴڵĵλң֪Ѿ봺ɵЩЭ飡
ЩϢ˵ǲй¶˵ģǣƵǱʵ̫ˣֵôô
ֳʥҲǸ򵥵
һĨ˼
ȷκ븶ҲȷһֱСںУĹƣÿδ򿪵ʱڣȻܹ֣СҲܲǿĸ
ԣҪɫС֮ڵҲԴ
ʱʥصǿ߷ֳǰȷͷʹһʱҲ벻ʲôõӦ֮ߡ
ٰ֪ܷһæ
ӵ˵޷
Ƶ֮󣬴ǾЦݸŨˣۼг
Ҫһöʥ
ʥ
õĴҲɵһĨ죬ȻΪҪʥ
ôŪ𣿡
üͷһ
⡭
ԥ˵ӣʥڰʥΪ⣬󣬴ţֹʥֻĹӵУѾ伣ʱҪõʥǾͱҵ˲Сԣʱڿ޷ҵ


1572 ϣ
ʲô
˵仰֮󣬷Ƶüͷ
ˣֻһҲʣˡ
ֻй˲ӵйʥôȥң
˹֮⣬ѵؼͲʥ𣿡
Щ۵üģٴζŴʵ
⡭ӵйʵ˲п
ǵ˵š
ʵЩףΪηƻҪʥ⾿ʲôôѵʩչط
ʵˣ
üͷԺʷϣʦ𣬺ɽЩѵûйԵļ壿
ûУڰʵļҲûУڰʵλoֱڰ½´Уڰ˵ڰҲѾ伣ˣٳߡ
˶٣˵ڰʺ⣬һֱѪӵʵˣһֱǼΪϡ١
Ҳǵûеõʥʥڰʥԭ֮һ
رǹڰʥ̫ϡˣ紺˵
仰֮󣬷Ƶüͷֱˡ֡
ȷϡ٣һڿɾʣ˹ʥʥӣ
ˣһƸնɱˣһԼ𡭡˵ؼѾû˹ʥĴڣ
ûУҪβƿ֮壿
ƹӷģֻҪǴһʱ䣬һܹҳΪƹӶùʥ
üΪԴԱĵı֤
ԴоԵģһֻҪڣǶܹѰ
ȥѰҹˡ
ЩƣڴɻĿ£˵Ѿˡһˣɱģ
΢΢ſС죬ڱһĨʣƺһЩʲôм˵ƹӲصǣһ˱ˣôؼ϶ͻʵ˳
ţ
⻰жȻһϣ
ؼÿһ̬ĴڶʣȻųһˣǣȴһֱûһֱ
˶٣ּ˵ңҲ˵ʥ;ˣǿߣǵĹȻڹʥ

ⷬͣв˿ȴҲ֪ҪҵǿߵĹҲ룡
ǿ֮Ĺ٣һҪϡеĹԵǿߣ⼸ʱǸ͡
ֻˣҲȾҪǿĶ࣬٣һ˿ϣ
ļƻҪˣʱܹõڰʥôԳ׵Ĵ򿪺ɫСӣõʱ򲻹ܰʥˣһĺɨ
йʥϢҪ鷳֪ͨҡ
Щӵһۣ˹˵
ڴ죬ûжٺøУʱ߾ȫæôԺпܵĻҲ᳥飡
ֻһС¶ѡ
覵¶һĨǵЦݣٻţΪõķҲɵջĿ⣬ɫЩ̫Ȼ
ƹѴĻҴ͹ӳ򡣡
첻Թһۣ΢΢ᡣ
ôԼҲָһˣһﾹȻҲԼһۣѵԼô벻
Ŷ
⻰вɵһ
ⴺ󲼱磬ڶҲܱܹ߽ߣ治һ㡣
лĺ⣬ʱ뿪򡣡
ƵɫһĨᶨ
ⲢߣΪ󻼣ǿһΣȻԺ֪жҪ֤ʵɸ
㡭
⻰첻ɵһЩȻĿ
ʵЩףȻƵ츳ȷˣǣѵҪƾһ֮Կʥزɣ
л鱨
ƽеľϣȻվ˵ˣ֪ܷһЩԴң
ʥصһͬǰԾ޻ĵģڶûа취Ըֻˣ
Դ
첻΢һЦӯӯʵ֪ƹҪ٣
÷Ƿµĸ࣡
ʮ飡
΢ĳָȻһʮ
û⣬ڱȥȡ
ȡԴ֮󣬷ƱȻ뿪˴󣬱仯һòסһһĿջУȴԼĵ


1573 
ʱתۼҲ֪ǲ춼Ԥ֪д·Ͼۼ˺ƣסգؼһƬһɳƵϢõ˲ɵıꡣ
ȻˣյĶȴ쳣ֵվˣѹѹһƬһЩ¥ڵݶҲվڿų⣬ǵڰ֮ϵӰ
ǰʥӣһͳˣһ˴ڰգȴŷƵĵ
׳˶ǳ貣һʥ񣬻һ⻷ƣģȻһٴʥ磬ǣȴһִڣõ̾磡
ҪЩһǿƵ
츳ۺ죬˼ѾӵмһУҲָһǿߣܹûмˡ
ԣԸԼΪѲ죬ɲͷԷƵս᲻
ⶼˣǺƷô֣˰ɣ
ҿǺƷٵʺһ㣬϶ǰʥӵĶ֣Ψһĵƣܾͷޡ
ȷͷޣǼһ϶ʲôҲǡ
תۼ䣬ʱȥˣûг֣õĶ쳹ɵȻҲһЩŨŨζ
Ͼǿܹɱʥ۷ڵĵƣκ˵һ޴ܹõ˵չɶΪһǲѴ֮ģ
ˣϵƷǵûɢԽԽˣڣ˸ŵ⣬һЩƺһܿҪ١
ɨһϵĲƣʥҲ΢΢üͷԺͷ
һǷƳô˻Ѿӳ˶
ȷֿԺܴǿҲ޷һ𶥼
뵽¶һĨǳǳĻȣſڵ˵ԭΪǸ˭֪ȻһС֮
Ȼ΢ǣȴǣгŨŨĲмġ
ȷսǷƷģǣȴûг֣ⲻ֤η
ҲһЩ˲ΪȻϾô˵Ҳǰʥصĵ̣ǳ֣Ǵ˰ʥӣ˭ܱ֤ܹȫȥ
֣Ǳ˰ʥӣõİʥӵŻ󻡶ȵ
ȻһЩáѾ磬ȺȴûȥʱϵȴǸӵŨˣѹѹ棬ѹһЩ
֮ɲģûܹӣҲûܹ⣡
ʥӵĿ⿴ƬƣһĨɻ󣬲ȴûô⣬ֻǣܾʲôطЩԾ
ѾˣǽкƷٵСǲˣ
ȻϷŪӢӵǲС
ûǲдɾ͵ģ
ųڵЩʥǵЦŨˡ
ǼһĲˣѵˣ
ȺУʸ˫ü΢΢
Щţģ÷ƵߣֻǣΪΧϢӣ޷Ѱҳ

Ǻǣ˼ˡ
һƽ͵ͻأĳЩֵĳϣȥǼһӣһջڿն
Ʒ٣
õ˶ʱͱͣԶİʥɫҲֱȥ
Ʋ֣˵Ǻ£ǳˣôǴвԼĵƣ
õвɵһĿĿ򶫶С
벻㾹Ȼ
ˣƵһ仰İʥӲѪ
Լˣһȴϵų֣⾿˭
ˣ
˭ţ˭ǰ׳գ
ģԸҲǶģ̫Сˡ
ʥӵһ˫۾˵Ǻܴ˵ţƺǲмһˣֱðʥ϶һɷ۾ƺҪһ
仰νֱӾͽʥӲŻһ
ҲòĿڲš
ʥӱϾѰˣܿģѹиŭĳڵĺһˣܶණǿڲžͿԻʤģ
䣡
һɺƴϢӿ˳ŰХϯӳĵθΪߴˣһʥ㡣
ɣ
֣һµĴӡ۶ɣ˸⣬ضץУһɺƥϢѹƣȣӡ
ȻһʼûбʩչһӡҪһлܷƣ


1574 
ӡ죬һɽޱȵĸߴ󣬽񷹻ڸˣϵҲ嵭˲٣һҴ󺣵ʻĴ󴬣˷ˣѹµĴƣŷײȥ
ʥӹȻ򵥣ȻһٴʥĽףǣ߽֮ҲԿ⣡
˾ڰʥӵʵе̾벻˼顣
Ʒٱذˣ
Щ˾ãûпܻʤʹǸɫĺӣ
ϾƴʱǴʥףôֵܹƣ
֮⣬Ʋûж෴ģһֱվԭأϲûκλҵɫֱʥӳֺŵϷħ
˲䣬һʵʰĽɫΣȻܵȴһβƵӾһĪӣķ
ӡ
˲䣬һֱֻȱķӡȻ䣬غһֻɫĴ۶ɣǴԶʱ̽o֣˿ռ䣬ƺ֮ǿԽظ߸õһĶ
¡
ӡĿ֮ײһ𣬶ʱǱһը޴ľ籬ϯ˷
һЩͫǿԿǷ籩м䣬밵ɫľײһӡ棬Ȼѿһϸ΢Ѻۣ˲䣬ӡǱٴαһֵĳϫɾĳ£ֻɫľҲѣһͬըضڲţؼһƬããʱڿκ
ã籩ƽˣǣ˶˵ƺˣȺеĻʸ˫Ҳ΢΢ſС죬Щϲ£
ۼȻ߳һЩϸ΢ı仯ϸ˵ǰʥӰˣ
ڳ˶ԷױĶԱϣȻ·磬˵ʲô
Ȼǿ
ڣ쿴Ŵ⣬ǵĻ΢΢
Ķˣ
ںܶ˿ѡ񶥼Щ֮ӣǸľǣȴûΪԼľڹ
ΨһϧǣƺԸ
Ϊ
ǵĻȣıһƿЦ
ܹѡ𣿣
̫Σһ

൱
õ˶ԽʵĿվԭأþ˵
С磬ںܶ˵ѾԨĲ࣬ǣ£Сȴǿס˰ʥӵĹ˵ʲô
ͬףʥӱذܣ
ַõһЩ򶥼̽Ҳɫ
ʥӵʵߵЩ֮ӣȵĿǲ࣬ⲻ˵ܹѹЩ֮𣿣
ʥӱˣȻǿЩϸ΢ı任ʱͫڱ¶һĨ벻˼飬϶һ亹
ڱǶһ㺮⣬ɱһ
˵ˣǳɳʳѰ
ҵȷС㡣
ʥɫȴңּ䣬һӨ˸˸󶦱Ǳϡ
˴󶦺ܳأ棬̻һͷɲޣ޵ĽţڳϣſĴڣһֿصĴĲ
ѵԶʱo񶦣
ڣһ׷ԲԵ߾Ųͫ͸¶塣
o統кպһȥoΪoΪ۷壬ҲֻһʱдһϣΪϧǣջṳ̂һ֮ܵλ¼Ϊȴ˿Щֹŵλ֮ʱնɱһλo۷ǿߣǿ󣬸ûп֣ԣڹżû١
񶦣ǵʱoе˵УoɱһͷoĴޣѪɶΪʹ죬֪жoڴ֮ޡ
ڴʥӵõoĴУǣȴû֪ǵһλoĵմ񶦣һвˣõĶΧڻʸ˫ԵЩῡһɫܲÿ
ȻʥҪǿǣ
ڴ֮£ң
ʥ䣬񷣬ǡ
𣡡
ܹ񶦵УһͷĴޱ۳Σһɾ޴ϯҰ˻ġ


1575 
޺գߴʮףһСɽһĴСĿɲͭ壬ǴӴڵ¶ɭһˣӴûԵķ֣෴ĳһֻıըУһ죬ȫһɫĲ԰ס
Ȼͷ޵۶ɣʥӵɫҲǲ԰ȥˮϵĴͷ񶦵ֱҲţֱ֣ȻĿǰΪ񶦶˵кܴĸġ
ֻΪܹ񶦣ѾǼΪ츳ˣҲ˵ȷӵһЩ˵츳
ɱ
Ӱʥӿ³ʱͷޱڿնһСɽƶضҡ˶վȣռ䶼ڲţ졣
񶦣
ѹȻ΢˼һԱǾһѣ³ӡ
貵Բ̣·֣Ө˸ȥΪ鶯Լ䣬ȴǸһ񶼱ɵĴܱϣǻһֵĴƣ̧ףҪڿն
ˣ
֮Ĺ룬ʱӡǱһ⣬һ·֣Ȼγһа״һںڶܹ
໣
Хһ貵ĴӡӵԼǣںԣӭĴޡ
̣
ײǣȴûɢǻ˴һͷ㣬һѣҰХľǵвϵľϯ
˳棬˾̾˭ҲûϵƾȻ˵ƶԸʥӵ񶦡
ҪĻΪʥӵΪͣ޷ȫ񶦵ԭ򣬲ȻԴʱ׶εӡ޷⡣
֣еڵȴڵĴޡ⾿ΰ쵽ģ
ڷԼʡ
ԭ˵ֻҪͨ鱦ڱǻ飬ԽǸ߽׵ͨ鱦ڵȻǻӵԵͽã
ʱĳȴЩ죬貵Ĵϴޣûаη֮⣬෴Դ󷢣ڴ޵ѹ»ܹãڴץһһƤ⣬ǾôʱͷҲǻѪˡ
ϳ
ȴҲԿȻ鶯ҪڴޣǣȴҪϲ٣ÿһδ޵ײôȥ֣Ծ·ˣ
ˣʥӵɫҲȥ
Ȼ񶦵ܾʱ˻ǣȴҲܹģ֮ڸԷеʵƷʲе񶦣
໣
ͻأģڿգûƵУſڣɢһĲΧƾȻγһУϴСɡ
ʱԭĴȻǸӵһɳֺ嫵Ϣ˳ŷеӡҲ
𣡡
û谭ʱɽԵñأŷƺƺƵշѹ˹
ৣ
ƽһ㣬ҲûںڵƵУڣȻɫĵ绡˸š
ӡ
һֳӡһֻȴӡɫľ۳Σֱӱǳ۾һĳͷײ˹ȥ
̣
ҫĴޱײУֱӱǱײȥ˼֮ԶؿڵĹâԾһЩǣȴûд󰭣շѹ˹Χƶˣ̤׵Уˡ
໣
ʱѾָİɫٴγɱ˹˴һ𣬲֪ΪΣȻĳƽˣң΢ռϷ硣
Ҳ֪ǲۻˣǾãͷϵЩΣƺɫľûܵκεˣңȴõ䣬෴ģͷȴǱȽңֹûеõκ෴ģѹƣԣ֮£Ȼκβ˾
ʥӵľ̫ˣ޷ƿ񶦣ƷƿصȻֻȴ֮¡ֻ°ʥҪܣ
𣬴ĿⶼǷ˷еӡ֮ϡ
ѽ¶һʱˣǣȴû˽ⶫϳȺеĻʸ˫봦ڴڵĴ죬Ҳһɻ
׺ټδ
ʱȴǴƵУһֳӡĳŰʥ۽е˵ţǲһֳҲǷ


1576 
ڴ鱨棬ƾѾʥӿ϶ƿԣһ˶Բߣ
һͨ鱦ڵǿȣ⣬ǿ˾ĸߵܴͣ߶ܣ
ϣƶӡоԵģ֮ʹùԲκ
ôҪľ̶ֻܳϵ⣡
ϵƣɲȻγɵģѾ˷⼸ĹڣֻԵ췣ڣ
ڷĿ£ӡģ췣ȴƺޣ˫ǳֳƽƣ

ⲻܣ
ʥЩţԼеȻһסˣһ̣ڲ¶һЩҵɫ
ȻǶݵĽ֣ǣȴѾԷĸ涼ҪǿԼ
ȻԸţȴҲ֪ǲʵ
ġѵҲ
ʥӶͷˮȴûз֣ԼоȻЯһĨ
ηˣ
ҿûʥôõĻֻһѡ
ƵĽŲڿڲûеɫ෴ģһأϵĵɫθӵʵˣһס
Ѿˣ
Ҿʱ򣬷ͣ˽Ų˵š
˵̫ˣ
ʥһĨ壬ͻأģеӳѪ
ҧס⣬һѪ쭳ֱϣ󣬾Ȼ˶ڣ
䣡
ΡΡҵ𶯣䶯ҰΧƶˣԶ޿һɱϢ˳ȻǰǺʱǱ߳ȥʮ֮ԶҲֱȥ
𣡡
޴죬ΨҶ֮ƣӺ֮⣬һһһγȴһһεı˳ȥûжķ֮
ã
ɫһ䣬һƣǵûкˣǳŰʥӳ˹ȥһֻϣѾ۳һͼ嫶ֳϢۡ
ߣ
ʥһһһƣֱԶײơ
ڵȻ⣬ǣѹڣһ̫ս㣬¡¡ıǳŷշȥ
ӡ
ƵٶȲֱ۶ɵİɫӡֱӱ֮ϡ

ײȻǱһǽײ֮죬ȴǱһξ룬ѪЩ
ͣ
Զʥȴ˶һѪɫۿɼٶȲҰȥֽһܯ}ˡ
һ˵ԵУֻܴ飬ֻҪһʱǻָˣݻ٣
ҪҪԼĸ֮ϣֱӹ˱ǻܵˣ
ʱʥӱ״
˽ˣ
ڰʥӾ㵵Ŀ£ƿٵ۽Ѿ۳һͼƣֱӰĿڣȻ˿ԥĽ۵˳ȥ
̣
һ쵱Уʥӱ˳ȥֻǣԭѪȵĳȴûг֣ڰʥ֮±һĨ貵Ĺâڷƴ㵵Ŀ£ֱӱǽ˽ȥ
ɣ
ʥӲû˵Ŀ棬ȴǿĳʱһɫֱӱȥ
ৡ
ӳڸӳߵӰΧסĻᣬңֱӶ֣ʱƾ䣬ռ䶼ŤˣҪշڵС
¡
һըؼһƬããռۿɼŤХ涼ˣûбӻϣֻһ֮Ҫݻһ롣
ǰʥصˣ
ǾȻˣǿƵĲˣѵ治𣿡
ϧԭһʥӼȴǱɱڴˡ
ȻܶΪƵ̾Ϣ԰ʥصΪеݣǣȴҲûվ˵ֻǾĿһƬããĵ

ȺУʸ˫ȴſС죬͸¶һĨ벻⡣
ء
㵵Ŀ£ԭ߸ڵİʥسȴȫѪѾѣҽҲûзһѾˣ̫ϳϼȻûǣҲѾشû˶֮ڣһƬ
ϵľ˱ܹڷƵǰһͷ͵ľޣӣڸ²


1577 
˿̣ټĶڣȻûдʲô˵˵ĿⶼǼϵͷϡ
Ϊ֪ӵôһͷܹɱʥ۷徳ľ޴ڣԣ˿ڶڿɶдˣң۲Ҳǲ
ǣ˿еüͷеھǾ̬̾ٳͷ޵׺ǿơ
֮֮ϢһֽĸоȻҲκ覴á
ƣĲϣиɻ
ֻǣľޣԺڵļоȻҲκιļأ
벻ͨ飡
ҲΪǵʱͷ޵ˣ޷ȷͷ޵ԣⶫڲŶô
ֻǣǼмʮ֮࣬ȴûһܹϳͷ޵ȫҲ𰸣
ȺеĻʸ˫ڴڵĴ죬Ҳˡ
ͷ޾ʲô
΢΢ü૳
ūѾĹڵһЩżǣûзֹͷ޵κμء
һ嵭ԺƮ
ȻڵĹżҲûмѵؼһޣ
ɻૣǸûг֣˳ŵС
ء
ž̧ǰ㣬𶯣ʥص̫ϳϣĿ֮±̤ѪĭѪŽ̼˵
ʥصÿһλ̫ϳϣɶǶɹ˴췣ﵽʥ۷徳ǿߣ޴۵䣬Ѿ۷ĴڣǴʱȴһıͷ̤Ⲣ˵λ̫ϳϲǿΪǰͷ̫ǿˣ
ȷ̫ǿǿЩŵĵز˽ͷѾΪǰ벽۾Ŀֲڣ
ֲ룬Ĳʲôܹ˵ĵƸӵܣ
һЩ˲µǲǴطģ
ˣԼŵԼԽԽпܣ
ΪƱֳʵ츳ߵƣ̫ǿˣǶ֪ǣطˣôһжԱнˣ
أʵǿԸϲ⣬Ƴ
һеһƺֻط˲õ
һʱڣЩҵΪǲûг֣ûеˡ
ȻҲЩôģڲ²ǲǷƻһĴУԲӵ˵ʵ
ֲ֮ĶУΨһͳһǣǶѡ񾲹䣡
ϾûʮȫİգҲû˻ΪһЩȥôһӵǿ츳ţ

Ʋ⡣
ûϵʥ˺֡
ϵĽͣŵװʥϵĶʲôˡ
һֱԵĴ͹ҲǸ󶥼Ϊ˱ӻһЩҪĺӵܰΣԲġ
ֱԵĴ͹ۺܸߣһҪóԴʯĲʣңҪоͨ͹ʦܹңʧʺܸߣΪѵãÿһУҲֻϵļ̳˲ӵС
ˣƲ֪ˣΪΰʥӸڶǰˣ
ⱻĴ͹ֻҪܵвǻᱻ뿪һʧ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ˰ʥӵƻ
ȻҪʥӻǱȽԸģΪƾԲĶ֣ԣǴԼȷʹó޵ƣȻȿֿ·ƶɱ
ңΪԷһ˫ط

ɨһ۶ڣ˿ջƿӵƣʱޱʧ٣Сһҷ뻳УûκεһǳԶȥ
ĿѾﵽˣҪЩ˲ҶԼֻҪȡһʱ䣬ܹӵԱӻʵ
ৡ
ƺԤϵ˵һԶߵӰͬλ̫ϳλͨϵݣҪΧɱơ
ԭҰˡ
üͷ΢΢һǲӨӵŨˣת˷򣬿ٵжȥ
ССһʥףȻӳҵģ
һĿЩ̫ϳϼķƾȻ룬ʱɵһһ̤Ȼһ֣ٶȼ죬磬ٵ׷ƣһֻӥצƣֱӾ˷Ƶĺ󱳡
̣
һ˱ǴӰбû˵£ѾǺѪĹˡ
⵱ȻΪϱӻԭ򣬲Ȼһ֮ͱĳѪˡ


1578 ǻ
ģʥػ¶Ҫȥ㰡ֶõˣԴʯôûˡ
ЩƵڷԺ쳹𣬳˿⣬ιСӣôˣҪҪ
áʱˡ
Ƹоһʹѵ΢һһѪӿϺֱ˳ȥǣǿ⡣
ʵҲܹһѾܲˣзڣͲˣܻѪĻأ
ɣ
ĿЩ̫ϳƺûл׽Ƶ˼ǴһĨЦٴƣֱӱ
̣
ϣֳһڲ׵ӣѾƺѾĳɻҽˡ
Ŀ̫ϳϵĵɫȴٴγŵƣңҲ붯֣ƺ׷Щʲô
˷Ƭｻǣ
Ŀ̫ϳϣֱӶͨ´ĶٶҲң𽥵ıָ磬ʮָ뿪ɨ䣬ڵһ׵Ŀƺͨ˵ص֮£硣
ţ
ڣ˶ڸ߿֮ϣͫڹۿԶߵĶ̬Ǹеܲ˼顣
һʥ׵Ȼ˴ʥ۷һû˵ȥ˭ţ
ʱȴͷǵǰɲǲţ
ʥ̫ˣҪԾ𣿡
˲ʥΪˣЩ²ͷ˸ǲɵ˺һЩƺҪƲϵ
ʥؼȻ֣˿Ҳ˵ˣҲֻΪʥбΪԵʲܳ⣬ԲֻɳǿƣʱΪӰ쵽˰ʥص棬ԣҪ
ɸ֮˵ȴǲ̫ܣϾ˶֪ǿҲշ˵ĶܹõһЩôֽ
Ǳ˵õˣʥýΨһշɱˣ
˽ɸӵ߸Ĩˣ

ꡭ
λʥص̫ϳʮָȫһɲǵָųѾĿ꣬һҲ̶ˡ
ܣĸϼڷ߷ʥɨһԨϵغɨţϾ˷ԽĿԡ
ΪǵĶûֹͣ˲ܹ֪ƻţ
ڣʸ˫ɫһƬ䣬ֻüͷ΢΢𣬲ȴûκαʾһԵЩ׷¶һ顣
츳֮ˣ˵ɲʲô£ȥˣǳȥĸ󻼡
ڡ
Ϊβϳ֣
ü𣬶ǰǳͨʵﲻһĨڡ
Ǵԭԭ򲻿ɸģȻǴڡ
ߵϿʲôĲ糣˵Ҳ塣
͵͵ĳ֣ȳֻҪˣ
üͷĸˡ
ڷƵһУĸ˽⣬ԣǲ֪ƵǱж
ǣȴǷǳ
ֵĻ󽫻ʧȥһνδĻᣡ
ָʾǣܹƷٹ޶ȵϵİûָʾ־
ɲΪǸ죬ǣƻԭ£ȴǲԸ֡
Ҫôҵģ
ɫ˲ӿһ뱯
ףΪĸЩȴԸˡ
츳ٸߣҲǸеһöӣһöڽʵӶѡҲûС
ӽӹȻ㣬ϰЩν֮ӵúܶģαԣԸһѣѡƣ
ҪıԼˣΨеõǿ
ʵľܹõɣ
ֻǣ߲ֻһľհվѵ䳰ȷû¶κεϲŭ֡
ǻڽľ
ɫˣĿһ֮ȹһקʧڷڣڸ߿գŷڵȥ
λǰʥصǰ
ͻأ̵ĳһĨ紵õܵϴӵĴɵһˬ
ǴĴ
ҪȻغƷٰɣ
̫ˣƷѾʥص˫ںͽ⣡
ϳΪľ
ûвֹ֣֮Ҳƻԭɡ


1579 ··
ˣ
ƺ˴ĿЩ˿ڸǵ¶һĨмԭͣ˫ٴһӦһָͷСĿס
ȻƴΪӴ󣬵ǣЩĶУȴһЦһ֮أһռ鱨Ĺ߶ѣ
ϣܹʥһ档
˿ûпϵıһǴĭЦ⣬˵š
ʥӣ
Ŀߺ޹˼ɵĿڴµɨţ¶һĨаĻȣ۾гһϸ죬һˣȷʥѾ˱ȥԣ㻹İɣһǻתʥӵģٺ١
˵գǲᴺ죬ԹԵɨƵĵµķƼѾ޷ˣҲѾʮѪ졣
⻰ϵЦ⻺ü
Ȼ˿ۣȴûԸʱ棬Ȱο
û㣬Ƭҿɲģ
ĿٴδϾ˴һ˿ϣ
Ҳµ˷ͷ޵ı׶ˣҪһʱ䣬ԭҪӣֻǣĿȴβĳʯ䣬Ӳ

ʥ
仰Լ䴫ʱ򣬷вһ䡣
ڶɳˣǰʥΪǰʥ
ԿɼʥǼΪԸģΪԼǿԱȷʹóƣ֮ƾͿԽƣ
ʥӲûнϢ֪ʥ
Ψһҵˣʱ˾УҲòȥ
⻳иԵеС򣬷ǵĿЦŨˡ
Լڽˣ
ЩڣԼǲСģҲСЩ統еĶӵеĵ̣
ΰʥΪ˳ȥѾǻ˴ۣĿʹóĴ󷨣ǼΪϡУһֻʹһεļٴ͹󣬴ۼߣʥõıֻ߲ͣңɹʼͣ
ʥҲʶԼӵоŵƣԺɴõĴ۸ڽ壡
Ҳ𣿡
𽥵ıϴʦ𣬳ȥ
УʥɨУʸܲס
ֱӷˣ󣬲ûлػڵ¿ٵĴš
꣡
Ϊһ΢ĳɣƵļϱǶһѪֱӶŽɫӨѪҺӿõԭͺܲ԰׵ɫٴβҰһ֡
ʦ𣬻ӡӦܹʱֵһι
˸һĨʣΪ϶˵š
ⶫȹһ췣ȴ𻵣ԼĲ⣬Ǽ̤ʥ۷徳ĳҪ֮ݻ٣Ҳ
Уͻƣ붫ǣֻҪ˳ڣʥزŻ˼ɣ
˲䣬Ҳ˾Ϊֵһƴ
ɲ˭Դݻٵģ
Ȼʥпܲһе׷ɱƣǣģ֮ʱЩһͻһĹ˼ɣʱֻҪܹʱȵСָǵڣ
󣬷ϱǿٵڵҹŴͻơ
Сӣ׼ˣһ
ˣ
һڣ˲ǼӡͷϣҲȻת˷ֱ嶫Ƿ򣬿㡣
ãסҪǣ
̫ϳȻ˷ƵͼʱȵΧϡ
ꡭ
ڶλһӣֳһ󵶣ϵĻ䣬նһɭ׵ĵۣϵûµԨУضһıи

ھһ˲䣬׼ȷնͷֱӱǽӡڳĴն飬صײӡ֮ϣʱȻǷײ
һ˲䣬ӹߣǣӡȴǱնԨУһʱھȻ޷ջء
Ȼһֻǽӡԭˡ
ƲܣͷһƬܵ˼ĴˣһǷٶȲĳŶǳȥ
ϣֻҪڣϣ
ৡ
ӰͻأĴӶڷɶڳǰ𵶵վϢȣһɹɾ޴£ȻûݣǣµһЩʯȴֱӱˣǻˣԲЩʯͷ³õȥ
Ȼǰʥڶǵˡ
Ⱥ˵ǵݣʱڵµķƣһƬ
ҿ㻹ӣ
׷Ŀ߲ĴЦϾǵЦ
ҿǻӣ
Ļ£һΪ䣬ҴϷʵ


1580 
ͻõȫ˶ɵһȻͬʱĿⶼǳԴȥʱһͫĿվԭأоڸ˵˺С
Щʥصˣ̫ϳͨϣԭأЩƺڳʲôĪѹһϴźˮͫڳһĨľ֡
壡
ϳֵǵӰĿЩ̫ϳϼΪѵ³֣ϵɫ˲䱻־뾪ˡ
ǽ壡
ʱǰһһӡǡˣ
ʱٴγʱѾǰ׷Բԣƣȥǰ˾ʮˣ֣ȴò䣬ȥʮңһͷ׷Ҳ࣬ȥûвϵӰˣ
ϲû֮ǰǷݿ¶µǣôվϣȴǸһǿѹǴڶڵˣ˶оһϢѹΪվ
ǽ壿
Ŀߵһ仰͵һ𣬺ֱӾͼһЩͫǳ˿ȡ
ǰ뿪ǵʱʲôжһ
Ϊ˷ֹлʥλ̫ϳϼǿǰȽλһ֮󣬽ѾǵͿݵĵز
˭̶̵֪֮󣬽ٴγˣȻûг֣ǣ˶ܹܵĵڵĽ壬ѾǰǸܹˣ
ѵѾ߳ǰ벽𣿡
뵽棬û˻ܹ򶨣ܵ˾޴ĳ
ԻĹʱڹ޴ۣããµУ̫ǻ츳߻Եۺ񣬵ǣܹ߳ǰ벽ģ֮٣ڹż֮ϣ̤ǰ벽һ˫ֱǿĹ
񣬽̤ǰ벽ʷΪĤݣ
ʥصȻҲ뵽㣬ʱһɫףͫ͸¶ɫ
أ
ͻأģһɾϮڷƻûзӦʱ˱ɼĳ𣬴ӵ±ŷұһ͵ţϡ
㡭
ȻģѾ˺ܴı任ǣƻǽ˳ʱӿֳϲɫ
⵱Ǿ޾֮·
ڰʥصסһ·ʱȷǾˣǣȴû뵽ϣô죬Ǵˣ
ҵĽ飬ȻΪһЩ˼ɣλ°ǿߡ
ĳˡ
岢ûΪԼľԷƵ̬仯ڵĸмڡ
ɹ֮ԭҪֱǰʥصܲһǣ;ȴǵ֪ϢǸı˷ȫϵ˶ǣ
ô£
ⷬ䶯õ˶Ȼ벻оʲô顣
֣ƲǶʮѣôʶǧǰ
гֹ죬벻ԵɣңԷƵ̬õ˴۾
һЩϸĵ˱ܹܵĵһ仰УмɫŨ
ѵ
ȺУʸ˫봺˵ɫЩ仯
ʸ˫üͷϵӰڵɫЩӣҡ
ڷԼˣǾûа취ϵģǣܹ˵ĳڣ
ԣֻƾԼʵ۵㣬ǣεϣ¶ʵȴûʮİգ
ڣ뽭ʶǸļƻ˺ܴѶȡ
ȴһԭ˻سǽѾʧȥϣĽĳ֣˫ˮڶʱӿֳŨŨϣϲ
֪ƵþˣʥأҪùˣ
꽭ҵѪǲݵģ

лүӸȣ
ƴϲҲûԳ֣Ž幰ֵл
ﻰûҽĽ죿
ˣһĨ⣬ϵɫǳϿ˼֡
һμ棬;ָоȫͬ
ӣ
Ŀ̫ϳתΣǾ룬ɨһΧ֮Ȼĳһٵȥ
ԭ˵Ľ壬߶ûתƣֱӱƳǸһġ
̣
һһģĴӣĿ̫ϳϴ£УĹѣѪĭȻ˵Ҳˡ


1581 кβ
ޱĵһĻվڽһԵķҲɵ˿
֮ǰȣǻһһʱԸʥЩ̫ϳϼˣӵдˣһֻһ÷Ķڵһľ
Ȼֻǰ벽ǣȴԨʥ֮˸޷Խ
ء
Žָ㶯ʥصһ˶˳ȥһѪָһµҲûˣһ
Щð˶ˣͽԼˡ
һУǶŷ˵
лүӣ
Ƴٴιֵл֮ҲһƬ
ףǽûмʱ˾ԼˣЩ˾ԲԼĴģ
ৣ
ȲûжǶ֣෴ģǳԶԨȥֱȥ
ӵУҵӡԤƵһӡٴα޹⣬Ǵγ췣֮һģһ
һ
еӡһĨпָƳѪӡʱ⣬»صеС

һУƲɫĮֱӳĿ̫ϳϳȥ
ķƵƺҪ˵Щʲôǣȴû෴ģвϵĴڵ³Ѫĭ
ǳһĻȣ˵ģúʥضġ
˵գһ췣֮ʧȥ˵ֿ̫ϳһɭ׵ĵ绡бޣʲôҲûʣ¡
ЩҪˣûĴּΪ飬⼸ʮ˫۾ע£ʥصһһһɱ
ȻʥѾԼɱģôҲûбҪٱˣΣ
ѾϷħųɵزķƣڶһηǽ͡
Σ
ڵֻҪڣֻ֮Ҫ߳»˭ǵ֣
޾壬ֻҪ彫ȫУһж谭
һۣǿվڳǽϵĴ죬ŮӣżɫԼ˫ˮĵΣ뱯
ڵ֮ʱԼԼһŮǣʱûж˼ȥ˼˭ǴʱһӦþǴɡ
ȻЩɻΪδ֣ǣ΢˼һ£б˽˸߰˰ˡ
ҲǴ죬Ǵ
ǴҪԼôֵľԲǴ죡
㣬Կ϶ģ
ʵ紺ŮӣȷܹѡģΪ˴һˣܶ飬Ҳûа취ѡ
紺Լ˵֮صǼ飬ֻĸ֪
˵ʲô
ĸҪ봺ƿأ
üͷ΢΢
һǳĻˣڿĵһһеĻΪԼɶŬ
пܵĻ
ǵŮƲûĶĸо˾٣൱ȣò˵ȴǻĺøУԣ㵽ʱһѡ
Ŵ΢΢ͷ֮ǳһȥ
ҪڴһѪҪ֪ԼˣǶҲ˼ɣĴ
ֻպŻ̫ƽ
һɱ˵ķƣĿƽɨŶڵһףһĨ޵Ļȡ
ڣȻżʮ˵ĴڣǣЩмϣԼŵģ
ЩʲôʵзǳнЩʲôҲֻΪˣ
ҪЦĳ嶯رǿʸ˫ΧЩʹߵɫоһ󳩿졣
Ȼ֮Σ
ţԼһƾԼʵվΪη壡
үӣҪҪȥʥع䣿
ͻأģһͷŽʵ

Цһͷ෢Ʈ̬ԣ˵кβɣ
ʱǵ֪һЩڷƵĴš
ܹɱʥ۷̫ϳϵľޣ
˵ҲǼ£٣ڶͬһĿģ
ʥأ
Ѿȥˣھþû˷˳ĬС
ж̤˰벽۾磬ԻΪı
ͬʱҲ˭Ҳûϵ飬ԭѾȥˣڻţκһ˵ʲô¡


1582 
һϢӶǴ￪
һλ벽ˣ
壬Դϴ󣬰ʥԴλ̫ϳǰ½ҪΪ̤ʯϰ벽֮λϧȴûгɹǵ͹˽ʵǼ̫ϳϷܲԱʽס˽壬ʥҲ׶༪٣
ǴΣ֮ʱǧ֮ٴγ˵ڡ
ȴҲӢ۳ĺ˹㣬ûмûˣԣǸʱҲûжȥעĶ
ǣ˭Ҳ벻ǣȻ֮ٴγ֣ң԰벽۵ݳֱ֣ͷԷ£Щš
ûܹͨʱѾͿݵĽ壬ζɹǴδٵģ
ͬһ˵֮⣬ٴǿƹңŷƣǰʥص;С
ˣ
ע⵽˽ԷƵ̬ƺ
һѾһǧϹһǶʮС֮ʶжģ
ܶ˵һʱ뵽ˣ϶ǷڽһЩٵڵʱҲֻٵܹע⣬ĸм
λ
еû֪Ǻģڣȴкܶ˻ɣǷóģԣܹ뽭壡
ֻǾǲλǲｻýģЩֻǲ²⣬ΪһֱǱֳĬԣûܹõԵȷϡ
ңھ֪ƾλӵߣ˭ôĵȥ⣿
Ȳ˵壬ڶǰƵıֿмʮ˫۾ۿģ¶ѪֶΣõ
Բһܹӣ
ң¶츳ӵеĵƣҲõ˲òˣ
˵ûк̨ƾ츳ӵеĵƣܹң£
˵ڻһѾ˰벽۾ĽӻǶҲû˭Ը
Ȼ֪Ʒǲʱ¼֮󣬺Ʒ֮ѾССߵУңǷڲ򲻵ѲǵĶС
Ϊ̤˰벽۾統УҲ󻡶ȵӳٻܻһǧ֮ã

ʥأԶʱڱ붫򣬾޾µĳʥصõĵ̸ˣգΪ統еĶ֮һӵмΪµĵ̣ɲ⣬û˸ȥƣ
ǣȴֱʥɽš
ɽۿɼһγɴƬһɽ֮Ʈ룬ȥһΪ翡
ɽ֮ϣȴһŴǧ֮ߣ֮ϣϹϵĴ֣죡
嵱гһɿµĴϣһλããأ
һۣƱܵһǿҵĳɫЩҰףһԵĽֻҪܡ
ֵгд֮˵ϣ£ɲд棬ɼд֮˵Ĳ
ǺˣȻôҰʥأ
ԶԶģǱǱվڴſڴİʥӵǿ߷ˣƴ󣬴ǧ￪⣬õһЩβ˶Ƕס˽Ųǰ
ѾǰʥŸǰûܵ룬һŶᱻΪƣ
뽭屾Ҳģ˼ɣǣȴУֻԶԶĹ۲춯̬
˵Ƿƻǽ壬ʥؽǶϣƴʯ٣ͬھ
ȥȻɱۣ
Ŵٴδĺǳվһ貵ǿߣһ񽫣ϵϢΪȣĿ⣬ڽϣɫء
Ǹܵ˽Ĳ򵥣ﻹ˶ķϻֱӳֽɱˣ
һǰĽƻ˿ڣ趯ǳϢ嫺·ǴԶŴһλʥ̲ס񽫰ǿߣҲɵɫһףɼһ

ˣ忪ڴЦЦأռΧɽƺţЩվڴ֮ǰһڰʥǿߣҲվȣ¶ֵĿ˾
ǰǺˣҰʥν£
ſǸ񽫰ǿߣѹе𺳣ŵݣһĨ
ǰĽ壬ԲܹģǶֻ֣·һ


1583 ɽ
ɽƮ룬ӳϼ⣬￴ȥһƬĴŴһͨš
ʱһֻȥ׸ߴĴ֣ȴƺԽʱգֱӾš
̣
ײ֮ϣʱǱһƴΧǧﷶΧڵĴضΪ֮Ĵѿһɲѷ죬ͬѣǧףΪɲ
Ȼûһ֮±ݻ٣ǣ֮£һЩΪֱӾͱྡྷѪ񽫰ǿҲ˳ȥ֮ڡ
Ϯ
Ľкк׵⴦徲ʧȥ徲Ĵǿӿնɱڡ
ԴӰʥسΪ֮󣬻ûκ˻ҵƹǵһΣ
ң˻࣬˶ѣһһ٣ǳƽĿԽԽİʥǿߡ
ɻһǧǰһ׳£ȥйŷ磬ֻǣȴ磬˿ռ䣬һԶʱoһ㣬ֱӱЩϳİʥǿߡ
ѵǽҵ壿
һֹڶǵϳ˽壬ʱľһ˫ͫ˲ʱ˿־
ʱһ̬ûжɹ٣ǣʥȴĲҰܣڣָഺȻѾǸĪİ벽۾磬˭˻ܹ
֮аʥصǿɫǾ䣬ЩСվȣ˵ʲôˡ
ɽţ
Цһ㣬¶Ծ֮ˣռ䶼ڲȻ֣ٴλǴĴš
̣
ؼ䣬˰ʥصĺĵУʱǿϢٵĳſж磬ҶǼһ貵ֱӱ򽭷塣
һѣ
˫֮һĨŨŨĲмּ䵯⣬ֱײЩı
ɡ
ǽײ쳹Щ貵ﶼǱ˳ȥһֱЩǿ߶ɵĵѪܵشȾֵĿڰյеĽ塣
ʥأѵ治ҳ𣿹
ڷԳһѪ˿˵ЩȶˣĶʥشſڴһѵĲ֫⣬˱
ɱԴ𣬲䣬ڰʥȴֻζһˮϣסĹܹڡ
ȴɰʥصɣȻƴţȴһҪƿɲôס
վڽǿľЩĵ̸˸ȵ˽⡣
벽۾ǰȻһʱỹɽţɼڻжٿµĵ̴ڡ
Ҳڵǲǿǣǵ͸̫ĵˣȻããµУͱ˸ȡˣ
ƵƵ֣ȴ֮ϣֱҵ춯ҡɽɽʯǱ飬ȥǰɽݣγһԨԶľ
˿̽ȷЩˣ֮ĥǧ꣬ʱܹ׵ıõȥһѪһҪݻء
ʱʥǴʮλ̫ϳϸԶԶģǿ˽壬ʱɫȻѿ
Ȼͻˣ
ߵһ̫ϳϼȴ㵵ľǼһ
Ľ¶ʵǷǵڶܹģǰʥҲʧȥ֮սġ
ʥô죿
ʥصĿⶼǿ˰ʥȴľߡ
ۼ̫ϳϣ
˵գʥǳźĳȥ
ʥڹȻһ
Զ˾˲
ʥزûг𣬵ǣԶ֮ʱۼ˲ͣͬѪΪһαʱ£ʥҲŴһ˸ǣ
úϰٸ̫ϳϼ֣ڰʥغĴǰţһڴǰĹ㳡֣ǾԤ֪һվڸϣʥҲڴм䣬ּ䣬һ貵ƣĹȥ
ͣ
ҧ⣬һھѪ֮ϣŹ϶ɬҰ֮֮Ѫ
ΪģڸЩ̫ϳ϶Ѫ֮ϣʱϵĹԸӵˡ


1584 
¡
һصըͻأ쳹غžһƬƺˣһĻ㵴䣬һضµӾ
˿̣ʥһ̫ϳŹ϶ɬȣӿ֮ڣʱΪЩӿǱһɼֲѹ˻ģضΪ֮һԶ˽Ծʥڵ˶ȥԶҲǽµء
޴ѹϮ̬һѣٷĹȴţڶȻһĨ貵⣬ңԶϲɵı¶һĨصɫʱϵҲ
ϰ룬߾Ȼڻʱơ
һѾ벽۾ĳǿߣһ;Ѫɵ׼˫֮ĶԲõƬӿػ谵޾ľںХĩһġ
𣿡
ڽ󣬷һƬ𾪣ھҵš
֪ΪЩп벽۵ĵˣǰ棬Ѿڽ֮ˣ
ˣ
Űʥӿ룬ĹԸˣ΢΢ĻζһķԼĵӰΧصƣضƺţԲɽɽʯ䡣
ɱ
ʥѪȳƺȼһһܵĻ棬ƺҪȼ
´еʮ̫ϳҲˣһȼգԪڼ
ǵ۱ⶼܹƿصģҪӳϵܣۺܴ󣬴˷һΣÿ˶ҪʮԪ
ͣ
ζˣһ⣬ƺأңԶĹʱնһ磬ֱӻǰĽ塣
ƣ
ϵƶȻһ˿ȥߴ࣬һ̤صʥ񣬿зĺֱҳһȭӭ硣
䣡
ײһضҵһ£Χʮ֮ڵɽȥ̳
ˣһ˫ȭǿ˰һõİʥڵǿ߶¶ɫ
벽ʲôʵ˶ǳǾϵĴڣ޵УԽţǾȻ֮Ķûˣֻܹӳܽܡ
ⲻ£ڰʥһȥűĸȫǳڰʥغĵа֮ϵţš
μ䣬һεӣǱգĹâˣ侹ȻûһӰ
һ޴Ӱף¾ƮƮ¶ǿԽʱնĹ֮ʥΪƴΧĿռǺХһţϯ˷һεѹӷԲһϢѹԶЩ˴󲿷ֶǳܲסѹվˣֻܲϵȥ
Ӱһ¶һĨݣֻһһһͷʨĽϡ
ǽҵĵ۱ʨ
𣡡
Ĺ룬һͷ޴ʨӰ˳һХأһͷʨ٣Ϊһ壬ʥӰңңԡ
𣡡
ڰʥ˵ļ£ǵӰ˶һָ򽭷壬иǷûдһ˿е궼ڲ
ꡭ
һĹӰָŷһУֱӱ˽ǰ
飡
ߵʨͬʱ۳һֻƣȥ
¡
ٴεĴը屻󲽣ڴĵİʥһ̫ϳȴ뵹һѪһɫۿɼٶȲҰȥǰֽһ
Ȼʥʮӵܵ۳һʥӰǣܵıҲʥܹ֮ܵ˵ģһǳ˴м̫ϳˣѪ󣬱̫ϳϼｫ滻˳ȥ

Цһͷ෢ڿ統ҵƮĻ񷣬ΣգҪʥأ
ѪȴҪʥظѧһĴۣ

һЩ˻ƵƮƮĴΧؼľƺҲΪȥ


1585 ʥ
ֵģһݵѾûѪˣһƾɶֹϵķΣ¿ȥʣһǼˣ˫ȥ͹𣬿ȥһһƤá
ʥ
˳֣ʥʱǾϲĺ
ݼʥ
纣ڰʥ಻쳹аʥص˶ǳݵ˹ȥ
ʥѵʥصϴʥȻţ
Զ˼ݵ֮󣬶ֵľ͸¶һɼȲ˼ɫ
ϴʥ統УҲһλһĳ츳¼˿ִʥҪǣ뽭ͬһʱˣҲ˵Ҳһǧˣ
õ˶ɵĵһ׷ڸпŰʥصĵ֮Ȼܹϴʥһǧ꣬ڲǽôһ֣˭֪ʥϴʥϣ
ЩôĿֲǵĵĵԶһ޷͸ġ
ƣҲͬʱˡ
ȻܹԤϵЩĵ޷󣬵ǣȴҲûвµʥصϴʥȻţ
ǧǰʥرϴʥѾ
νıָ֪ԼһαչصˣҪôҪôͻƣ
Ȼʱϴʥųˣ֤ˣҲͻˣ
Ƶɫʱһˣô廹ֿܹ
Ҫ֪ԷӵȻαģǣҲǵ۱ܹģ
˲֮£ĴΣӣ
ţһ죬ɫСУеСҲ̽һͷһ˫ʯӣңңĿǵݵӰڣȻԻһĨм
⾼ǳ貣ã૿ڣûжɹ٣ֻż
˰ʥλʥڵΪ磬õ˶˿
ʵܹż˲٣ǣܹɹǴδٵж٣
һܹżˣٶǻ˰˾ǧˣѾͿݵƽߵǣʲôȥɽ٣
ɽپԲһɵ飬رǵ־磬ӵȥԿ٣ǣǵȴˣ
һ˵ʥ۷֮ˣܹ߰ǧ꣬ⶼѾǼˣ꣬ǾҪѰһЩٵά֡
ǣؼʲôܹģ
ιλҶڻĹֹЧܹģǣȴ꼻һ֣Ҳټͽ̾Ϣ˼ѾȴĴڣζǵᣬõ˽⵽λ
ңЩ潭ĽߵУҲ֪ˣιλȫͬĸ
һλĲϣһ˵õĻٰܹѾǼˣ
ʱ䣬֮˵ʲô
ԣЩϹŶ붥Ȼӵȴöĵز
ʱ䣬ı䲻ʲôѰżҲɲ٣Ǽߣ֮ϧ֮á
ǣιȴǲͬ
ڻĹо˷ιѵ䷽ʱܹٽǧ꣡
˵һöιܹһһλ벽
вţʥǶǾž޵ĴڣǷԶʱǰֻǶл֤ɾ͵λ
ǣѾˣ۵£ܹԽ
˵ǵʱ׳ιôҪΪ֮
벽۴ʲôû˲Ǿ޼۵ģ޷üֵȥ
ԣӲ˵ιҲ޼۵ģ
ҲǽΪƵΪжԭûöιʲô༸ʮǻĬĬ
֮ⷬ󣬷ǳ׵ˡ
ιȫûиǷҲûнӴΡ
һöιһλ벽ۣ
ҲɣЩܹһλ벽ǣȴܹһλ벽ۣ
Ҫ֪κһܹ壡
𾪵Ļֹ㣬ҪǣΪּȻ½ϣ
ǴŨŨĺģңҲµˣҲ뻳еСЩ
һΪλﳶϹϵ⾿ΪΣ
Ҫ֪ؼ䣬統еĸأҲ޷½ȴԣ˵ʲô
Ƹ޷⣬еһһţƿһ֮ȴзǰء


1586 
ʥʥĳ֣˵֮⣬ʥ˵ɫǿԿĳʵҲ˽λʥ
ʱ֣ǸǴõİʥڵ˶ǻ
ɡ
ʥﵭ˵ţȻ˻ƣǣȴһλߵϣǰʥҲǵͷʾ
ʥܹż֤츳ԣ֮ϡ
ʥܹһ֮
ʥͳһУ͵ʥǰ
ǰʥϵϢڶǰǴκƣҲ˵ֻǵżѣûԽȥ
ٿڵѾͿݵƾĵزˣȻʥҲǴ󱬷һΣʥصĴ󻼡
Ҫˡ
ʥҡҡͷ߽˴м䡣
ֵزѾûʲôãٵ˵Ѿˡ
κһֻҪùһ֮Чǻ
ͺñȣǿһڶηãֻܹʮˣηЧܹٶʮѾǼˡ
ܹһǧ꣬ʲôûùЧ΢΢ôˡ
ʥһλ
ʥæ͵ٴνӵݵʥǰ
λ
һΣʥֻʣһƤ¶һĨݣһ˫ֻܵʣ¹ƽӹУֱӴ򿪡
ڣһ÷״λһָ
ǷλƷ
ʥš
һжעģ
ʥûԥֱӱǽλǽָеƷȫ£䣬ֻʣһƤ΢΢һҲֳһЩѪɫ
һиƿУʱǺӶˣ
ⲻڸѩ̿𣿣
Ҫн뿪ǣĽ˫ɷ֪֮ǲܵ飡
ʥصʥɾˣҲҪɱһˣ˼棬ܹαĻ᣿
ƥһҪɱ㣬ΪҽҶǱ𣡡
һ˫ڷѪ˿ͷ˿ƮһħȣܵӻķҲȣ
ʱǰʥصʥλ֮󣬱Ǵ˰ʥڴм䣬¼˰˫ȥҲȻ䱬貵Ĺâգܵȼš
壬ҽձض㣡
˻ұдȻ󣬵ȴҲǧԶЩԹҲܹһ
ɶ񣡡
һһεĹǣȴŵס־һʥڱӻŰʥأĹ޷͸ȥֻһֱڰ״̬
ȻҲֵ㣬üͷ
ɲʥȫĥ壡
үӣȻһͬ俪ţȻֵĹȥ𣬵ǣҵֻܳӣ
ֱڽԺõĽڵĺ΢΢һ͡
¡
һεĺУ屻˳ȥߵͷʨҲ˲١
ʥصʥְܴ󻡶ȵĳ˰ʥֻܵ˴
ڣ
Ƶڶһ㰵ɫ˫ְںɫС棬ֱӱǽ֮ƿ
໺𣡡
ͷľ۳ͣ쳤Х죬Ȼ˿һԵĽ壬෴ģϵơ
⣬ںɫСֻһĳ̶ϣǽ֮ȫ򿪽ʲô飬Ԥϡ
ˣΪͷ޵ĳֶһͣ˽ʥصʥһ𺳵Ŀעͷޡ
̣
һ͵Уǰ㣬ĺֱӾ̤Զϣʱһ쵱У˱ܹԭ貶ĿϣȻѿһڵѷ죬âҲѸٵ
󣬾޵˫ڶһĨŭٴγ㡭
꣡
һϵĴѣڶྪ㵵ĿֱӱΧЩʥǿ߶Ʒ˳ȥһЩΪֱӲѪ䡣
һĻޱȵģʥصĴŴһα˺俪ˣ
ƾȴеαʥز֪˶ǿУǴʱͷ֪ľ޵£ȴԵļΪ£ߵ˾ͷ
㣬ǽаʥ֮˵Ҳ̤ˣ


1587 
ûܹʥŴжõ£ƺǴӰʥسΪĶʼʹˡ
ȴͬĲɰʥصһЩʹɣȴŵдǵܣȻûܹԦˣǣȴΪ֮á
޾ڵҲûбȫĥ𣬴ӽù±ǿ֤ȴŵĲͬ졣
ˣ
˵ע£ȴűͷĪ۶ɵľ׵̤ˣ˵һˣǰʥʥǼΪ㵵ĿһĻþ÷Ӧ
ƥ
е𶯣ĿԶİʥһŽʨֱӳɱ˹ȥ
ű٣ûܵκε谭Խ˰ʥصһǣȥ·Щһǿߣֱɱĵش
ƹһ·ϣЩŨɽͶǱȥֱӿһٰʥصǿ߲С
㣡
ʥûʱȥѯʰʥͷ޵飬˫ȥһĨâǿƣֱĴԼؿϣʱһھѪ˰֮ϣʱǵֳʥӰʵ˼֣¶˼̬˰ĴڣһĪѹϯؼ䣬ĽϵҲ˼֡
ʥȻûжɹ벽ǣľѪ֮ڣȴҲѾǰ˿ϣʱԾѪܳ
ɽ壡
ʥĽɫ˿֮ðϸһΪɲЦħһ
ôҰʥߣ
ǴӰ۶ɵӰȻٴοأɱ˱亹
ˣһֻƣֱӾָ˽壬˲䣬һ貵Ĺŷ͸һУΧĿռ䶼һںۣƺ飬ɱһеƣ򽭷塣
𣡡
ʨǰʱߴ࣬ףǰ㣬ӭ貵ļ⡣
꣡
ûжٵֱͣͣӾͶʨٴ򽭷塣
¡
һը쵱У屻ˣԵЩǱֻӲȭͷȫѿѪ죬׹ɭɭΪ}ˡ
壬ıض㣬
ʥĴĻʱЦǵٴһھѪڰ֮ϡ
ƴҪԣǲһˣ˶Ϊ֮ݣ
ѾżĿֲл˭Ҳã
֮£˴ɫΪÿ
໺𣡡
ʱٴδһХĺһĪϣֱӾѹ˰ǵӰɢѹõİʥ˶Ѫʥһ̫ϳҲܵ˺ܴѹơ
֮֮񣬽һ۳ͷʨƺҲЩΡΡ˫ȶЩվֱ
⻹ûרԭΪǸܵλߵϢҲΪ֮֮
û֪ΪΣҲ⡣
ʨе飬ǿһͷʵoϹֻޣδκ೼Ǵʱȴǿĸܵĵĳ֮⡣
Ҳ˵ͷ˵ľޣͷʨ֮ϣ
̣
ٴһ㣬˫ڶڳ˱볰ֱ̤ڲ޴磬ֱ̤ʥغĴİ
𣡡
ǵΪʥһھѪʵӰٴһֱ֣ӵײȥ
䣡
޴ƺܹݻأֱӾͱշ𣬲΢΢һͼ䣬ҵĺ˰档

һײȻֱӱ˳ȥϵĹâҲΪʧȥĹۿɼٶȥ
ͣ͡
ʥڣһ̫ϳϽǿһѪмֱըˣǻģҲʣһڴϢţû˷֮
ƥȥ
Ҳ𺳼µɫǺܿ͸ѹ˽ʨʨٴʵֱӱǳźĵشİʥȥ
¡
һıըУʥһ̫ϳֱӱըڵУޣһԵİʥҲƷ˳ȥ
ˣ
ⱬը֮ǷȻǱ⣬ĵشڣγһԲεϣâ貣ˮĴ䡣


1588 
ȥˣûйȵʥڣΪҲȷʥصожϹŶڳߵУǽ֮ѵĻǻһЩ鷳ģ
ϾЩϹŶԭûж¿ɻˣΪʥصĳ棬ܹԼһУ
㣬ʥõ֤
ңǴι֮󣬾Ȼ˰ʥصһϵĴʤţ˼ʮҲδ֮ܽըΪеľ޳ˣҲֻա
Ȼϴʥɱˣǣʥȴֻشû֮ΣңһѰҲûҵʥӣǸûиϻ
¼һƬǽİʥأ˸ߵȥ
ֱӱ磡
ʥصɽű٣ϴʥɱлշɱ˲ǿߣһʱõİʥصŵ䵽˼㣬Ǵ棬ֻҪ䶥Ϊһˡ
ͬʱƵǿƣõľԭЩС˼Ҳٴ⡣
޾µУҲûг벽ۣǣȴûһ˹ԭЩӵеĵ̣
ʥصɽǿӹɵģһѾ벽ſڵʥѪȻǲҵˣ˵ǰʥزǿǣǵĶ̫ǿˣ
ʱڳ˴ԣ˲֪Ҫԭ򻹲Ϊ壡
ԽŽ벽۾ܣҪݻٰʥصɽαⲢһ׵飬Ѿ벽۾İʥ֣ܾԾ죬û˸˵ܹµģ
һУΪӵеĵƣ
ͷ֣ٴγɹ˵ߡ
̫׺ˣΪͷ޵ԵʣʥδػôңǽѾ˰벽ֻۣҲòʲôô˵նɱˡ
ʲôͷ
ǿķѾ벽۵Ľ壬ͷľޣ
¼˵ˣͷ޵ܣڰ벽ϣ
۾
ܶг˲ɣȴΪ˽һЩأԣֱӷֿԡ
ֽأԲܳе۾Ĵڣңǵ۽٣ôܻû˵֪
ۣѾǼ£žż´٣أǷܱԤ⵽
û˽۾ؾδı䣬ԣ۾ǾԲܣͷ޵ʵҲͳΪһš
ΪɸĳȴҲһЩɡ
ΪżļأÿһɸĳԤһʢ٣
Ĺʱڱõ֤
ʱڹؼδۣǣڻĹʱڣɸӭһʢԭܵˣе۾ǿʱش䣬˺ܴĶңͷƽϢ
ڣһǴζ˽Ҳ֮٣ƺһʷ˿ĨȥˣȴһЩƬļأֻǣǾóԣһжա
ֻǣͷ޵ĴڣȴõĶҲΪ֮ɻ޷⣬ؼôܻǿĴڣʥԾѪ޷ɼͷ֮ǿ
ΨһܹҵǣͷƺǴһɫСӣ޷⣬ңֵʱƺҲޣ
ȻǳֵʱޣȴҲûܹԣΪʥصǰ˭ܾԼ³ܱȰʥغأ
ԣܷƾǲɸǸˣʱû˸Ҵˣ෴ģһЩһҪ

Ϊ鱨ģϢȻһʱǴ˴ĶС
һȥʮŮӣϣ̬ӯˣʱһСֽü΢΢
Ʒ٣ʲôͷ
૳ɻ
Щ˼飬˾ͺƾճֵһǰһֱĬĬţתۼǳΪ統еһҫ۵ǡ
ܲ⣬Ӵѡ˷͸еԻ
Ȼ˵ûиÿһλڸ˶ϸѡǣܹϵĶ¥ˣԸѡһ󶼲Կ
ϾʲôȱΨȱˣ
ƣƾݲȥ¥ˣĵ㱻쿴ˣ
ʱƲû˵Լı츳ҲǺܳڣԣ֪ѡ˷֮ЩѾˣûа취أ


1589 
ڸÿһλˣȥò֮⣬۹ΪǷڵһλΪĵһˣֹòʣ۹Ҳû˭ܹȵĹ
㣬ΪĸܲȻȴһڶ°֮ӣѡûб츳һˣ˵˿϶ȡ֮
֮󴺷ǶԷƽһϵеĵ飬ȴǷ֣ûκͷĵһʽ¶棬ڶǣΪʸ˫ʥӵ쳣ӦɣɸҲйأֻǣҲ޷ȫȷ
ˣǷ˴죬һûкܴ󱳾ˣҲûйȥע
ϾǵõɸΣ˲֪ѵظûܹɵۣ츳ɾͰ벽֮λѵܱһλδ̳Ҫǿɣ
ԣǵ֪ʥصì֮Ҳûκαʾ˵ˡ
ȻϧǣҲԲΪ죬ȥﶫİʥأ
Ȼ֮һУȫԤ֮⣬ңҲ͹ͷ޵ܣ
ȷе˵Ƿ뽭ȥʥôһ֣ûܹͷ޵ľ綨λ
ģ΢ЩڣҲƺ˷Ƶڲ֮ͬȻȴѾˣ
Ϊĸˣ˽̫ʣҪһˣҪѵʱ򣬶֮
Ѽ飬֪Ҫ÷Ѿǲˡ
죬㵽׻Ͽʲô
۾ָ΢΢දüġ
ڶǣʱֻдһͦ
ȥߴ죬ԺԼ顣
û۾е˵š
ǣ
һڷһĽһ΢΢һӴڴʧ١

ʸ˫ȻҲ֪Ϣʱüͷһ֡
ͷޡ
ѾڻɷƵˣ˸
һǰΪɸĵԲܱסȻǶ̶̵һʱ䣬ܹѹƵˣѾɱܹܰʥһǿˣ
ңиͷֲǷľޣ
ǵʱӵôһͷֲľޣֻҪ¶λðʥصİΧȦ
ԣɣͷǷһ֮ڵõ
Ψһܹıһеģɸ
Ϊصȴһֲͬƺܹ쵽ؼһЩ΢ı任ԣÿһγֶʢ֮ǰ
ҲΪڵλշ˵֮£ɸûǿˡ
һʢҪ˭ܳɵۣ˭ܳ񣿡ɾ֮λ
ʸ˫૳˸ʣƺѾһĹʱڵʢǰˡ
һ죬뿪˻ʸң뿪˶û֪ȥ

޾ɽУӰǰ㻮תۣʧʡ
ˡ
վһ֮ϣңԶһ޼ʵƽԭĺ˿
һȻûɱʥʥӣǣ˴˴ε֮󣬰ʥؾԲ鷳
ҴʱӦµǰʥصˣ
˴ΣĳٴθлǶĳѱ
ǰ໹Щӣипǧмĳŷƹֵл
Ҳû뵽Լгеһ죬ңзƵİҲҪԴ
ԭΪǴŷȥйŭģǣȴԼˡ
үﻰ㣬ֻСҲˡ
ƱܿһǴſЦ˵š
ȷҲûϵСȻ̫ͣܿǿˣһʱܵģ
ǴζԿ֮СҲɣѾˣȴɻûתѣһֱڳߵС
һֱЩģԺ᲻һһЩӰ졣
κΣһｻҲֻա
ҽԺǶˣ
ķˣͻأĵŹȥ֮ϣһǴʥ׵˱ʾ
׵ʱԼĴ󶥼ӵιҲԲԼƣǸٴεݱĴеĳѾɢȥδӣûз򣬵׷λǰ;ţԺܻһΪ
ү
Ʊܿ棬Ҳһ̩ɽ㣬ش
ѵǿҽ𣿡
ִܹѾ¶Ҫ׷ˡ


1590 ʢ
кƾԼ֮Բܴݻٰʥģǣǰķȴͬӵг˰ʥӵ츳ңеĵƳ֪Զ϶Ժĳɾ;ԻԼ֮ϡ
ˣԼԲԿңܻһЩ벻ĺô
仰ҲƵ·ˡ
ȷһöιҪλпܳɾͰ벽۵ϹŶȴû뵽ԷȻѡ񳼷Լ
үӣҿԴӦ㣬ҲҪӦһ
ЩΣǿ˵
˵޷
ԺͱһֱƺˣŹֱŤģպҾͳΪϸ磬СӾͿˡ
֮󣬷
ȷ˵Ǹˣ
Сӣ
ƺɵһЩĿŷơ
Сԭơ
ǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬Լ
⡭
廹ԵЩԥ
ǽϸӦȻҲӦ
ƹŭ
ȻˣԺұƺΪСӣ
ҲϹŰ壬ǴӦ
ܶණǹ⿿ϳƺҪĵ뷨
Щ˹ά㣬ǣпô㣬ЩȻϬȥˣʵȴΪ롣
һǧĽ壬֪һǷϣǷ٣ܹһۿƣ
ԭֻΪѡƵֻΪ飬ƺ׵ϲˡ
أ
ڷ۾ڿġ
СǴȥ򣿡
˼֮󣬽ʵĿ˷ϡ
磿
統вûжԣԿ϶ƲĳҲҲ罭һһѣֻǣΪһЩΪ˲֪ԭ򣬻һЩĴУԲŵõͷޡ
Դˣ岢ʣǶԷһǣƾƸҶ԰ʥؽ˵˸ೣ飡Ҫģ統Уÿһ𶼲żȻҲ꣬ԸĴĶûУԲдĳɾͣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷüͷչ͸¶һĨ˷
ЩпǱһӵǽʥصɽˣҲж
һеԭ򣬻ΪΪ̫ˣ
ԣʵڱУҲҪֻҪͻʥ۷徳磬޾ˣңҲ۵ĵȻкöǸȥ᣿
ϣǿرǸ󶥼֮ڣ֪жصǿߣֽȸУҸоƺõĽҪд·ʱûʵαӻ壿αӻԼļˣ
ڴõ鱨˵ǳ˼ΪʮѵһţԭܹһǣȴҲȻ޴棡
統ķϣţҲԷЩ֮ӷп
뵱Ҳݺͬײûжٵ֣һЩӽмԼģ
ٻ½壬֮壬ԭУǣȴͬʱѵҲɺϣ
Щɣ嵱УЩ֮ǷҲһأ
Ȼûǣ֮壬˭֪
ֽʲ˹һѵ仹̫ƽɣ
ҲһĹʱڵʢѾˡ
ǷϵĲ룬ѰڻĹļأбǰɸ壬ԣԶĻң
ҲΪֻңԣڻĹʥɵۣ£ֻϧȴûд˭ܹ֮λ
ƴʱǵģĹʱڵֻңݷԣֻһӣͻὫÿһ䶼ȼȻ޷ӱܣ
ʱģгЩ嵱Ҳʳ֣ŹĻ᣿
ϸ磬ʵʵ԰½
˼֮󣬷ƶŽ̹ˡ
˲Լ
½
һƬȻôҲ벻ƾȻ԰½䣬ǻعһĨ˼˵ȥҪУ
û
Ƽᶨĵ˵ͷұ̵ʱԼʵΨһĽݾ
кףһڣͲ֪ҪòܳˣȻҪȥһǼޣ뵽ǰΣѹ뷨


1591 齨
֮·жԶ
ƺÿһ˴ӳǿʼУһֱһӶеУ·Ǿ·ûоͷ
ǣˣƺؼγһεĹÿһ˱̤·ѭߣκҲ޷ѣǳɵۡ񣬵ͷһ
ȻзǲǿǾͻᱻǿɣ俴ƽȴƽΪأأõ˶ϣγһεѭ
Ҳˣ䣬粢ûȥȻͻһˣʱϮε
йµľ棬ҲΪĳЩΪ˲֪أԲŵ±˾档
ƣûӰ죬ҲѡڵСǳĬĬĹһ
ʱҲˣΪвĴڣǿԼȻȥӻԼˣ
ȻѡôҪȥӻ壬ǡ統Ϊ齨һ
Ϊҵļ嵥ƾƵֻƬ˽⵽ڷƵĴڽԵʵ
齨һ
仰Ƶⲻɵһ
½ЩͿˣ
ʥˣڰ½֮ϣԳΪһǣ統УȴǶţë
⵱еĲ࣬ɲһǰ㣬˵һܹݻ½ɲһջ
мܹǿߣǣ̫ˣǰ½ǿʮ嵱Ужٸʥˣ˲֮£½磬˭ֹ
ãڰ½ԴмһˣԣҲ½ȥռһ̡
ֲ࣬޷ģǰ½֮ˣҪ齨ҲǧѣԻжһãдͷ
ԣ½壬ûܹ統нԼ
Ȼȴͬˣ
壬һλʵİ벽ۣңЩӵϢֻѾˣʱǸһжǿͶ
뵽ЩƵĺҲɵļ
һֻʱ°½У˭ð壿
϶ƴʱȫûн֮ˣֻŵʱֻҪԼ˰ֱӴ֮շƽ
ȻҲĴʱȥ죬ǣ˴ľٶܲ˵Ĺע
ȻҲŴˣǣľĿע⣬һһ֪жڶţʱһ¶ﻹаĵӿɹ
ԣֻѡ϶ڱQһʱ䡣
š
˵ͷڸֳһĨȻȻܹⶥǣʱ䣬ܸһܹһ
һжԴʵ
ȻƾһǾԲģΪȻѾ벽ۣǣ˭֪˰ʥأһʥر˭⣿
Ȼȴһ
أδ֪츳߹ʥӣҪǣһɫӣܹųһͷ벽۾ϵľޣ
Ȼ˲ڣǣȴпܹȥȵ̣ΪһǴ´࣡
ˣͶлϸˣ
ƴϲֱӾЦݣЩϲ£졣
һȻܹⶥǣôҲܹӵн봺¥ʸˣҲܹϵ̨棬Ƿڰ½ֻǰʮ嶼ܹˣ
ʣ÷βϲ
Ҳһת۵㣬Ҳ㣬ҲܹΪ統ռһ̣
ʵմԼĹ⣡
ĴЦֱԲ䡣
֣ԼԽԽˣ壬ҲԼһλԵĿʼҲ˵
ö֮󣬽廹ǽ齫ʱչ
Ϊأ
ʥڶٹ̣˵ڶЩ϶ʥһЩ˰ʥصС
ʣֵУͶƸ˭ܹȷûͰʥϵʱԺʧɲˣɴ
ңʥضҲ⳯Ϧ֮䱻٣޾´ƬˣͶη壬ͶˣҲкܶࡣ
Ȼȴһټؿһнټңһֺη
ң˿ΪܼĵƬг˸񻰴˵Ļ㣬ӰҲǿԿĳƬأв֮


1592 ϸ
Ҳ˵ΪҵһƬ֮࣬緱ǣ鲼ƬǶҲнʮָ֮ɼжôĲͬ죬ǶߵӵܣҲ̫ĿˣΪпܱǻײǹϣʱʵˣҲǰԲܻΪһ˶һս
ȻһǾԲȥЩ˵ģȻ֮
˽Ľ֮󣬷ƱͬˣƬȷʺϷչ㣬һġͬƬϳ˸ֻֻҪ㹻ĵʵɳ𣬻ǿͷ
󣬷뽭岢ûͣڽĴ£˽뵽С
ĵҲĴڣ˵죬Ȼȴûܹ֤ʵ
ǣãȴ˶ܺӣ˵еʥأ
Ȼϧǣֻ֮ܰ˽룬ˣȴܲݾĺô
Ҳǰ½Ψһˡ
ЩУҲӵԼɲĵ̣һܹڰ֮ڽʥͿԿĳˡ
ĶǿǣȴҲС
ԭܼ򵥣ķչͷչΪһĴڣ԰½ǿߣǺܶ඼ԸפذԱ
ʵ˵½ͺһٸӣһһģױ۶ϣݻ٣ǣǽһٸһѣҪ֮۶ϴݻ٣ǾͲһ򵥵ˣ
ǱһѵĿӣȻڲԻ಻ͣǣַ˰ǻǻģ
ٻ˽ȥңڰ˵ûκκôƾһҲԲܿĴԣʵҲǱһ
ںܸӡ
Ƿ϶ԷƵĵһĻ
ʵǷϲ˵֪˰һʲôĴڵʱ򣬷ƱǴŵ˽⵽ˣһһѿӣڣֻҲܺڰ
˵֮ڣһСİ½
û˻ıǿû˻ԼжԵĴڣ
֮֮Ķע˰ڲܰ
ȴҲ壡
ڰڣһƬĿռ䣬ûش֮Ǹɿһκ˶ʹشֻƾԼ
㣬ƺģܹҲУǣԲֻ࣬ҪӲڰӦòж⡣
ڣÿһ㶼й̶ĳУЩڣضķ䣬Щ󷨣ֻҪԴʯǼ󷨣ǾͿ̷ش
ΪѾҪڣҲϸΪƽŰڵ
ĻУ˽⵽ˣЩڵķɲǹ̶˭ģϣÿһڵķ䶼ͱϷˣҪʹãҪһԴʯֱҪ˲С
Ȼÿ巿Ķ٣ڸʵһжƾʵȥᣡ
ʵ㹻ͲҪȥԴʯ˵ķ䣬ԼѡսʵǿԽķһСȻʵ̫ˣǾֻһ壬߼ռһУ󣬳ڵķ䣬ƾʵйϷ֣
˵ˣʵΪ
Ƶ૳ȴ΢΢
ֻ̫ڰڵ⣬ʸ񶼲ֻ߱Դʯȥȡкķ䡣
ʦѵһҪڰڷ𣿡
ЩΪڷϵĻﵱУƺ뷿ᣬڰҲܼҡ
Щãⷿ䣬ƺȫûбҪ
Ȼ
ǽ͵ڵĿռΪ⣬Բܹ飬뿪˰ռ䣬ͻʧЧȻܹ֮ۻһѵӵˣ
ԭˣûз䣬ǻ治С
ЩȻĵ˵ͷ
ôһ˵ܹԵڵĲпᣬһ̫ˣȨ߱ǾֻԴʯȥȡ巿ʹȨˡ
ң⻹ҪԷǲԸʹãܶ˶ֱҪ˲ſϽ
Ҳûа취飬ûз䣬õΣ䶼ûУҲͬǷ


1593 ų
˵ĵطʹ⾺ȻҲ⣬ңϵĽ˵֮󣬷Ʋ֪ڰڵľֹüݣֱҪòпᣡ
һԲɱʲôģڰû̫ƵģȻڳǲֱܹɱˣǳ˳Уҵʬ飬ڰڿǾģ
Ϊ뷿ϣ屬սҲһΣ
Ͼ½ֹ֮ࣿһ٣ǣڣÿһֻʮУÿһ֮ڣֻһ䷿䣡
η䣿
һ£һ֮ڣж˳ɾʹʥ磿ֹһ
ԣǾԲЩעзȨҪõһ䶼ǺѣЩǰʮĴ壬ܹƾһǳڳưԣֻķ壡
ϾȻǿǣҲڶΧ䣬ʮռһǳص֮һ䣬ʣģǻᱻʮϷ֣һܹмټ䷿䣬Ǻܲˣ
ȻһܹڰӵжٷȨҲ˵һʵ̣νһ
ȻΪڰҲ˵Ƿ࣬ң߽׵飬ɲôɱģҼΪϡ٣ͽȻ٣ǣܹ
ԣӵ˷ʹȨʱҲǿŵģţȡһЩԴʯˣ˵ҲǴ׬
ʱҽʱ֪ӵжٸ𣿡
Ժڶŷʵ
Ӧһ¡
ƴŵĹһʵ֮жϡ
ȷһ£ĻҪ٣
ϵвûзŭʵҲûʻ߸壬Ҫ̫࣬ңǰһٶȥ㻹Ϊж
ƾЩƣܹģҪʥ磬ΪԭƱǴ󻡶ȵıˡ
ʱˣռһټ䷿䣬ֵֻʮ䷿ѣ
˵ϵЩˡ
뵱ԶʱĴ£Ҳռһеǿ壬ڣȴ䵽ֵزֻ˵Ǻ̫ˣ
ʮ䡭
Ƶüͷɵһ壬˼֮ǻ˵ʦ಻ţĶʢʱھҪˣ룬ò˶ãܹΪһǳصĿף
֮ͬأĲڤ壬ӦöʥʱǲԼ츳֣һǳزǲܣ
ڿԶǣǻһ壬¹ĶʢҲѡ
ԣڰڷǰģ⣬һǷ⣬ڶɱ飡
ŵĹһԼʵϷħѾųɵĵزף߽׵Ĺûжģ
˵˼Ʒ飬Ҳһƴ֮
ȴ֮С֮ɱͬʱֵڶͷĻҲȲ
ЩУΪڣҪԵĿɻкܶ෽棬ЩΪе壬˭֣
ڷϵĸ֮£ʮ֮󣬷ųǣ
岢ûнųǣԶһУ˫Ƿֿˣ󣬷ƱǵһС
ԶԶģƱǿһ֮ڵĹһɹӭõһ¶һĨǳǳĻȣ˿
ڴﵽˣңϷħҲ˾ųɣһ׼ˣЩ٣ӣٵĳŰųȥ
ڳڣ϶԰½ǿߣʱǴ챦ǻܹʱһͬȥģ
ϾǿƣǲǶֻпű˹Ϸֵķݣ
վס
ڰſڣƱǱ
ĸģӣȣΪʱĿŷơ
ڰפʱһЩһҲҹư壬ǽڵҡ
ı£Ųò˻ӣԸǿɣ½⣬ˣǲӭģǶӵҲ⣬Ƿͻͻлϻ˳⡣
ڵʱǷܶγͻڷ˶Ѫ¼֮˽գѾûжˣǣȴҲǻһЩ֮ӹưһ飬ʱġ


1594 
ųǣģȻֹ԰½ˣҲв٣ඥڰųռһء
㣬ҲֹˣһҶ⻹ûʲôֻҪԷңҲ̵ܹģ
󶥼Ϊ˲󶯸ɸ꣬һҲǻѡڰǿڣˣҪҪѯģ
԰½
ƴһĨǳЦ򶨵˵š
Ŷ
ôһ˵ĸ۾ڶһĨ档
ǵΪȻĳѾǴʥˣǣƵȴ̫ˣᵽһ޷ĵز
ˣ
һӲɵľѿʵ
⡭
Ƶüͷ΢΢Ȼ˵Ѿʮˡ
ɾҪΪģҪ𣬵͵ǲеģ
ȻпܻܵϮɱǣţκҪڰȡԼô򵥣
ʮꣿ
˲ɵĶһһĨ뺧Ȼ
Ǵڰųǵʱ䲢̣ҲЩ˽⣬رǸ󶥼Щ֮ӣҲĴţбǰֻҪǳߵĺӵܣǶǻʮھͽʥ磡
˵ǰܹⶥ֮𣿣
ǾԲܵ飬ĵ̸ǰ½ܹģڰ½ϣܹһ̤ʥ磬ǶѾеţᱻΪʮڽʥˣпǸһ˶ǰ𣿣
˾ݵ֮󣬶һۣһǿڶŷʵĸģ
壡
Ѿߵķƣû
壿
΢΢Ȼ֮ɫһ䣬ƺʲô
ȥңǽҰΪУ
ǳõķƲɵһ˼֮ƺˣǰĸֻԼǽڵҵˡ
壬嵱УųĴʣ˵Լ壬ҲȷȡǣԼʵҲûж⹫
֣
Ҫ͵ʱԶһƲͷȥǿƯЩ죬һϷʵЦݳ߻
ΪſڵĸɫҲĸǲƵķŷơ
Ѿ϶ҵˣ
ٺ٣סˣ
ƺԤϵ˷ƻʱƱס֮ϾֻЦ⡣
ʵڷ֮Ĵţһͷ֮⣬ĶԤϵУ
ʱͷŨĺ֮ģǺӰ貣ڷɨţƺҪҵһЩߡ
Ѳ֮£ǸɫСӱҵˣǣܿģǵЦ
Ϊƾʵ֮۾ȻƲСںеʵһƬڣκõ״ιһĨ㵵ɫ
ӵ˫ʵۣ֮Ʋ˶Ĳ࣬˿ȴҪټһˣ
ߣ
ûһûȻǴһĨЦĸλ֪ͨһ帺ˣ˵˻ʸѧԱ
꣡
Ϊ֤Լ壬һֻƣһָһɫĵ绡
׼ԣ
ԭΪ챦Ȼȴû뵽׼ʡ
ȷУԥ֮ڷƸһ˵ʮԴʯ֮һ˱ǽȥͨȥˡ
װ׵˷ʮԴʯ
Ȼʹȴо֮һЩ䣬Ȼ󿪳߼ۣһҪ׬
ʲô
һֱţƴвڣҲЩ
һԸϲ⣬ȻǸദˣ
ǶǴģ
£ŷ׷ʡ
񵽵ġ
ƺĻشš
Ҳȷһ﾿ܲܿƺɫСӵʵһǰ汩¶ѾټҲûʲôңҲоȻԸһ㣬ǣ˻ǲģûк֮ġ
ߣٻ
˷һֵۣɫ÷һ鴤
ôǰһﶼһСŮ湻ģ
뷨õϵƤǷһ㼦Ƥ
£
Ʋȥȴʵ
һС¡
ȻóһöֱӵݸƣȻ˵֮ҪӰڳңҲĻôҾԻһܹٺ١


1595 ֻкô
֣ƶʱоöһţĻüͷɵһ
㣬ҿ˵ġ
һЦĿƺķƳԱ
Ӧ
ڷԥʱ򣬷ϵԺ
š
Ȼ֪ʲôԭ򣬲ƻЩԸĵ˵ͷӦ
ԼûгɳʱһĽԼݹȥǻǻһ鷳ģ
˵ģָι㣬ܹʱкɫС뽭ҲЩǿߣ
⻹ࡣ
ӦˣǴʤսһģЩֺһС˵Ƶģ
˵ʵڵģƲᷳĸԣ෴ģˣƵǾãͺһûгСӣֻǺ棬֪ԶѣԲ
ʵһֱˣϲľϲģģҲֱӾ˵ҲˣܶˣǣɱһЩЦ㣬ȴݻĵ˺õ̫ˡ
٣ദŲۣҲʲô
ˣ
ٴһǸɫС֮˻֣ʧڽֵͷ
ҲǶ֮Ӽ
µЩľƵĿ˾档
ܹʶ綥֮ӣɲһδһʱڣȴЩװָڵԴʯЩ̡
壬ֻ£Ժ󻡶ȵı䶯ࡣ
ܹʮͻƴʥмѵֻû뵽徹ȻҲ
ϸ΢ı任Ʋûȴ΢΢һϸСĻȡ
ܶʱҪǿĽõĶࡣ
ʦ𣬸ղΪҴӦ
ЩĶԷʵ
ϻѵ㻹ܲӦ𣿡
ϵƺһĨ٩ζȻ󻹼һ䣬㣬Իк¾Ͷˣٺ١
£
üͷⲻʦЩͷʹˡ
ǼһԱûһԼһΣԼˣ
ΪôģҪ㣬϶õĵ㣬ĲһҪҰֵ飬ܲǺ𣿡
Щɸֵĺǳ
Զңʥһȼƿص鱨أһܹ⣬˵ȷԼռıˡ
˵ҲȫΪԼЩ֮ǲŻߣǻǰʲôԵ֣Ȼûдʥ۷徳磬˭ߣһñ˶ɱˣǶԩ
ǳִԵԼȷǻ¡
ڷ˼ʱһ΢΢ЩȥҲѾʮߣǴӰ˳Ŀֱӱ˷ϣʱɵ΢΢һ
Ȼķʽ֪ͨƣؼǣȻƵỹеȡ
˵ᣬЩš
ʱƺˣĸֵˡ
츳֮ˣȷҪؼ
Ƿƣ
˷ǰ֮󣬷߻ȷԵʵ
ǡ
Ƶ˵ͷֱóԼʥѧ塣
ⶫ˼١
ҽɡ
ȷһ֮󣬷߱ŷֱӽ뵽˰ڡ
ﻹǰڣ⣬ĴԺǺܺҲûжƣЩԺȴǺܿҺܿЩԺ䣬ȴǴһЩ䣬ҲխС־ֵĺԡ
Ҳ÷ƿˣνһ¶⣬ʵڲľ϶һֱڣ
ڷߵĴ£һΪߣĶصԺС
ԺȻС˵㣬ȴҲ徲ֲһЩ辰ľһζ
ѦѦ˻ʸĸˣ
ѦҽţЩȵĶŷƣڿһһ
Ѧϡ
ƴŹ
󻤷һǰʹŸˣ˵ȴһֱûеȵ㣬Һܵɳ˳ȥ̽ѰңȴҲûϢ
ѦЩɻĿؼ˻ʸļ϶Ǻܶ࣬ÿ´ŸѯʣõĴȴǵȣƺҲ֪˲ֱӸ
е鵢ˡ
ƲûϸĽ͡
Ǻǣû¾ͺá
ѦһЦҲûмȥóһݸ˷ƣ˵˻ʸڰÿһֲϸأ֮ƾʥѧ壬ȥǾۼһȡһİ


1596 Ҳ
оϵļأƵüͷ£
˻ʸڰռеԴеĻҪһأ˵ռеԴǵ͵޷ĵز
ʮ䣡
ڰһ㣬ֻռʮ䣬˻ʸһ䣡
˻ʸӵһ䣬ֱǵ͵˷ָĵزпܣΪҪ˻ʸԲӵôһ䣬ң˵ֻ˻ʸ϶ҪѴԴʯȥסķ䣡
ʮ䣬ô㹻
ϵļأ֪ڰһ㵱У˻ʸа˰ٶˣнǧˣ
ǧˣӵʮ䣬˵ĸʣֵļ̫ˡ
ν࣬Ȼǧ˲ᵽʮ䣬ɼڰռҪӵһԼķжôˡ
ȻҲģܶǿ˶ܹƾʵһ䣡
ϣ˽⵽ˣÿһежôʮ֮һķ䱻ʵǿǿռ
ҪӵһǧŷӵȨܼ򵥣ԭȵӵߣ
ң˽⵽һȤĹ涨
˵һֻӵһ䷿䣬ʵ㹻Ļͬʱռ䣬ǣͬʱѡս㣬ôͻһľ棬ӵ䣬Ǿͻһ
֮ʵжǿӵжٷ䣬˵ܹܶӵʮʮ䣬ȵĹһ壡
Ȼַᣬǿ˶࣬Ǹʵһ壬ҲԸȥЩǿߣ
ЩӵзӵȨǿߣһЩҲѡԴʯ˵ķʽӳȥӶĲȡ
ȻҲе͵µģǲں档
ܹӵʮ䣬ǿ߻治١
ƻĺ˿˸Ĺâ
ʵţ֮ͬھܹκˣʱռʮʮ䣬Բ̫⣡
Ѧϣһռڴӵжˣ
˼֮󣬷ƲǶѦʵ
Ӧмǧˣ
ѦɫЩص˵š
ǧˣȴֻǧˣֲɲһǰ㣬ѹǰһٶȥˡ
ǧˡ
Ƶüͷ΢΢һ
˵ɲʲô£Ϊʵ̫ˣÿʱÿ̶ѵ˾
õģٶ㹻ģ˽Խ࣬ҲͻԽ죬ֻҪӵʵ黹ǲѰҵġ
ƺµ˷ڵʲôѦֱӽŹڰһЩء
ǰ֮ƺЩٶȣ˿ڵҲһĹ
ԭˡ
΢΢һϲЩԾԾԣЩ⣬˾ʵѦϣʲôʱԽ
ֻҪԸ⣬ھͿԣ
ѦƺҲƴʱ飬վȻóһ顮塯ĳʯ̵ƣѪ֮ͨԺͿɵĳˡ
л
ƽ˹ȻƳһѪܹʯͷɵͨγһˡ֡
Ȼ壡
ɣ
ѦûйĆ£кŰȥ
˲֪õˣƺԶʱڱǴڣǣһֱȴƺܹ೤档
ʱ˰ȴǾãӵ޷ЧȥȴǼΪƽû̫ĹԣǺƽһʯɵʯֻоµĲɣϢ˳
ߵſڵʱһɽӵ˳ѦǱֱһĨмɫ
ϣⲻѦôˣ
̶𣬷̧ͷǿѦߵ·ϡ
ÿ
ѦɫҲ䣬䵭ԡ
ѦķﾹȻҶ£ϴεĽѵ
ɽӵƺܵʲôĪһʱǴĺǳ˫С۾˸⡣
ʵĿһֱķڷƵϣͫ׵͸¶һĨ˼ɫ
̫ˣܹܵĵǰ˾Բʮ꣡
û뵽徹ȻţȻҪ̽һ
㣡
һ仰ѦɫЩ죬ھǷŭ
ǰɽӵ֮һˣӵкΪ飬ңŷΪ飬ӵһɷħܣʵǰʮ
˵ò˽ڵҰɣ
˲ע֮ɽӵ߲Žìͷָ˷ơ


1597 
ۣȭͷǵ
Ǽһÿζˣ𣿡
һһٶ壬ҲֻЩŻȥԽС
ף˺ᣬǼһĿ겻Ѧ
˼飬徹ȻܳţСֻ²š
ΧȻע⵽ߵĶ̬ǣȴû˹⣬෴ģǰڳһϷģ
ɨһۣƱǽΧЩ˵鿴С
ЩԪϣûη߼ɵĸоǿģԼǰ֪ˣʲôη֮ģ
෴ģУǰ˺ܻ
󡭡
ѦȴûзôŭӿңƺЩǷܵӰ죬ǣκʵˡ
ҾúбҪСץסһˣôҾӦֱնʾڣ
ɽӵɫһ䣬ıƽơ
㡭
Ѧŭǣȴֹͱ˵ֵĳ֮侲
Ȼʵж˽룬ǾԲܵ飬ǻһ飬ңһ˾ţڣ𵽶ãܷʲôķˣ
ʱѦˣ嶪ѣ˵ˣҽ壬һܴŵԣνһá
ƾ𣿡
ǰԾͲҲһƬ䣬ɱȻ
Ҳ޵ϢѾѾⱩ¶ˣ
̣ܶǣЩԲ̣Ǳ˶ﵽͷˣ㻹ûзӦĻôûϵĻţֶ壿
Ҳܶ˻ᷢѣǣԼĴھԻΪһ壬滹н壬ţܹЩ
벽ۣ۷ĴڣҲڲ˵̣ǣ򲻵ѣ˭Ըһλ벽أ
ңŽѣкܶʱɻֻҪûκ˵Ƕһ޴壡
ˣ½Щ壬˭ҷѣ
˵ʲô
仰ɫЦݣֱӾͽڶȻһĨɱ⣬Χ¶ƺҲ˽ࡣ
ơ
ѦЩǣƵ
ѦϣƺѾǰڣ񡭡Ѿʹش֮ˣ
ͻأıͷѦʵ
û
ѦȻΪ˷ʣǵ˵ͷֻҪеһжᱻҲ൱ǰһ㡭
Ŷ
ȭͷûиܵκεĲʣԲʡ
ݷ˵һ򣬲ֹشܹ֮ʹãʶᱻѹڴʥ׵ĳ̶ϡһЩʵˣѰ˾ǿ̿ʣܹӳ
ˣΪܹ޵Ѱȷ޷ȣǣǰ˾ԲʲôʣȻӦòô͡
ţǱ¶һĨǳǳĻȣѦȻĿ£ֱǰ³
˵䣬Ϸħһǿƹϯֱѹ󡭡
ŵŵš
˴㵵Ŀ£󲽲ŶסΣɴһɻֵ̿ɫ
һɲǣͻȻĸܵһĵϢǹǿƣƺһĴڱһõɼıǵ˺ü
ͣȻһδɵСëˡ
ٺ٣ǷϵϢһĶġ
һӵ壬õõԶħ᪵߰ıӻѡ
˵᪲㱻֮նɱԲ塭
䣬һЩЦǴ˷õɫֱӱһƬɫȻתࡣ
棬ûоԵˣҲûӪǴǸԵ壬˳Կһ㶼ѡԹۡ
Ȼһɢɳ
ƾĽÿһ˵鿴Уüͷźۼ
Ҳǰİǣôõ£ǸΪƻɣǰưЩ˻統Щôƴ
ðɣ
ʱҲް⣬ŭĿ£Ŀڽɫӿɢһɿɲƣһ٣䣡
㡭𣿣
ŽߵӣƱûа¶ڳ쳹õΧЩ֮ҲȻ߲Ŀ


1598 
ϣţֻǳĺ쳹˫ŭӣ˶ɣǶߵһ
͡
һŵ˱ǿԼһĴָСĻ߶˳˫һֵ۾ĶǰķƣƺʱܻᷢϮ
Ƶǿƣ˵֮⣬ûܹԤϵǶʮëͷСӣȻֻ˼ǧϹģңƺռϷ硣
ı任õѦҲЩĿɿڴ
һ˵κ츳ţǿߣһ־η֮ģϾ츳ãǣھϵĲȴǺṵԨû˻η
ؼǡ
ѦһĨɲľ⣬һĿʱ׼֡
Щ͵ǱҪģõʧȥЩߵҲǱҪģС
ͻƣõһĿǿ򻺻Ѧ
һ̣ƺЩʶ°ܽһȻǸһεѹĻ߶̧Ҳ΢΢ϵ¶ӣ˫˸
ͨ飬ƺҲЩˡ
ｻҾͺˣȥɣʮţֻҪԴʯͿԴʮڡ
Ѧڴʱƺһһû˼ƽĶŷ˵ţָָԶʮ˸Өʯš
š
Ʋ΢΢һҲˣһ֮󣬱ǳŵھȥ
Ѧľϣǵãһռ䣬ڵھ㡣
ȻҪסƣǣѦϵǹƣòȫȫԣһݸҧġ֨졣
ʵģѦʵʱϵƺҪǿԼ֣òǿסеĳ嶯
ΧҲȴҲû˭ٵڷǰĵ·ϡ
ԲһصȻֻһݵǣ˵ѾᣬǿƵӡ
츳ǿԼᶨҪôǣҪôֱӶɱ
Ҫˡ
һЩľӵ˵һ֮ǳȥ

ʯǰƿһۣóѦǿͨʯֱӲ˽ȥʱʯűһ쵱лĴ򿪣һ˸ӨĴ¶ǰ
󣬿ܼªӣʮ·ѣƺȴ˺ܶ࣬ǣϸһƺûʲôƽļӡѡ
ѵҲǵʱʱµģ
ƴɻ߽˴Уɨһ۽µĴ֮󣬱óöԴʯ˴Χ۵С
ˣ
һ󱬷貵Ĺâûڣ˲䲻ټڵԴʯҲʧ٣·Ҳ

ھУûƣ˶֮Ϊھųǣ
ܻңռеǰǰŵġ캣壬ռǧ䣬ǱССٸָͬռݣҲС
һâƱǴӳмĴ˳
Χ˲Ǻܶ࣬ȴߺӣһͬɱ顣
Ͼͨ൱ڶ׾ңƷ飬ܹӵļʶǺܴ
ԣӲõѡ
캣壬ǰ½Ψһںڵ壬ռ˼򡭡
ڷԺڽǿ壬ںڵսǵһȻ½ϣǾֻӵھˡ
Ŷ
˼ƽϡ
С壡
صȻǵʵǣ캣ɲô׶Ըģǵ޷ԣж޷˺
ԣ
Щ죬ʵʦ캣޳Թ
ϻ
ϲɵͺһ䣬캣г廹ȥ𣿡
Ҳԡ
ӡ
ȵֵܡ
ţһݵӱ˷ǰе·ϡ
£
üͷһʵ
ֵܣӳȥʵһֵһͷƷ飬Ҫ˰æɹÿ˿õöͨˣ֪ԸԸ⣿
ݵѹ˵š
ǣģ
Ժš
Ʒ飬൱Ľ׾ˣҪԸвС鷳һڲʹô¡
ԣһЩŶӱǻԸջȥյһЩȥΪǴǰǿʹɱ߼顣


1599 Ϻȵ
ֶΣѾǼֲˣྭסջˣƭǲϣȻҲ͵òκκôɱɹ˵ĻҲҪǸŶǲôˡ
ֲܶǲϣΪ
±ȱȽǣϡ棬ңɱ飬ҲᷢѪȵĳͻ
ڰڣɱѰˣ˵ĻΪʮ֮һ

ǲźۼ䣬ûνΪƷ䣡
ϢҲû뵽ŽƷ
ֵܣˣǲһŶӣʵ˵˰ɣŶһεĵεпһȺ飬ԲҪ֣
˼ƾþòʱЩˣš
ϾЩԸˣиϵ˿ûжˡ
һȺ飿
ͫɵһĨ⣬ʵŶжˣ
ֵܣɣһȥҵŶΣ
ݵһҧ˾
Ŷ
ƲĿһۣȻʵΪѡأ
Χв߹ȴûȥкΨԼȷЩ֣òɡ
ʵȻʵһ㣬ȴЩʶ˵ı¡
ݵЩϵ˵ţƺȫȫҪƼ롣
ʣǵȥɱһӦòѡ
һĨϹ⣬ǰӵʵжϡ
ⷬ˼ƺŶʵˡȴò˵۹⣬Ȼܹ׽Լڵ
е˼
΢΢һƣ˵ߣȥ

Ǿ͵ſɣ
ڷ˵İΣҪҪǣӿеϢǲʵ
ϾǹϵһȺϢģôһ˺ܿҪˣңлһöƷˣ

ƴӦӴϲǴŷƳһСȥ
ʱ򣬷Ʋʱڵĳо
㷱٣ΧĽҲûЩɳǰİ̻ԻͣȥǸŵĴׯһҲûмǴ˵еһķ䡣
ѯʷϣŵ֪ڳмһĽһڵأΧǸռݵĵ̡
ɨһΪĽ֮󣬷ƱջĿ⣬ĸСӵҹߵĴš
Ҳ֪ΪΣܾãԼƺһֱԭ̤û߶پ롣һģҲûпʣǽԼϢ
аСʱӲŷƼӿ˽ŲУͣһ俴ȥͨСԺſڣֱӿ˽ȥѸٵĹԺš
ǺǣСĵû
ŷй۲תŷ΢Ц˵

Ƶͷʾ⡣
˵ǰڣ粻Ҳһ˭ûеˣ磬˵㲻ȥ˾û£ܶ鷳Զοڣ飬˭ȣͬʱϣɱģ
Թɵ
ȥҵͬ顣
ƺԷƵĽĲ󣬲ǵһμ棬ֱӴԼľۼء
ԺӴ濴ܼªǣȴɫĴֲһЩ֪ĻľһСԺһġ
ЩݣȴԷۺɫӶ࣬÷ƵɫɵıЩŹ֡
ǣһˣ
Ӳûע⵽ķƵɫֱӾƿԺдĴţд¡
棬ֻĸˣһŮС
ŮӳһСɵĶ쵰崿ʸ˫ߴǰľĶǣСɫͣȴЩǶ԰˵˫أɽԵĿ⡣
ϣһͨĽȹȻشֲ˵㣬ȴҲһζ崿ˡ
ӣŮһԵӿᣬЩСӢȴǰһôȴЩһСͷһӣһĺ׳ʵߣ˾һܹƶһһֱըԵӾһһЦͨƺܺƵӣǸˡ
ǼӴŷ߽ʱ򣬶վ˵Ŀⶼڷɨţ䣬ǵüͷȫǴЦ⿴ܺƵǸӡǵĿֻصϡ
Тϣ㻨ʱѡеˣ
ǳ崿Ůӿڣ˿ʵֱ֮ӱ¶˳ڸǡ
ҪǿĶѣǸԼϺȵˣ
㣬Ȼû˵ȴҲ˼


1600 ֵĶ

ʻТϲתһ֮£ˣһĨЦԼͬ͵Ҹұ֤λֵܵʵԲ
֣ҪȥԵʲô㲻᲻ɣһˣȥҲֻẦ˱˶ѡ
ǴЦݵӳƺš
ǳŰСͷһû˵ȥƺһ޹ءǸǱɾһӣǵԲ˫ͭ۾ĶŷƣڣЩɻ
֪ΪΣоһȭұСϣܵһ޵ѹƺǰ˾һͷǱһӡ
һֱԣҲû˵ֻһֱڴŷƣҪҳһЩ֮ͬ
Ա֮»еġ
ɨһ֮΢Щʧв䲻˵š
ȻǰԲǷϿĴŶӣ෴ģһʵǿðС顣
ǰߣȻܹĽ֮ݻ٣ˣȻȴУĲС֮٣
Ȼٵ㣬ʤޣ
ŶӲˣȻȥһһͷƷȺҲ˵ǵʵͣ٣ܹԸһͷƷ飡
ǿȴòǸӣǸСͷһӡȻĬǣȴܹĸܵڵǹǿ
Ա
Ů΢΢ƲƲ죬ȻŴ԰Ŀ˵Сӵˣÿ˶ܹնɱһͷƷ飬һԱ˸ȥʲôã
ţ񣡡
Тæֹ˵ȥ
ʵҲһɣڷƱͽʱǡ׽˷ϼһǹǿȻǾԲԼֻڣҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬷ϵȴ˽ӽƽĵز

죬Ҳûм˵ȥ
ΪһŶӣȻͻ˽ˣТһʲôˣҲƽֱӴСԺ
˼ֵܣ⼸ƾ⡣
ТתһĨεɫŷ˵š
޷
ǳЦû̫⡣
ҲЩ̫Ľ飬ֻҪõ˺ˣ˶ѡ
Ҹһ£š
ȻָǳСͷһ˵ŵĸ磬ǿͬһ壬塣
ţָǸ׶ߵĴͷܵͷɽһ壬ϴο˺һͷƷ飬ʵǷ
ٺ٣
һ䣬ͷɽƺЩ˼һͷЩһЦ
λҲǸǴӵƷȺϢֵܣ
ТָǼÿʱÿ̶Цӽţ˵һͬȥ֤ʵˣҶϰͷ飬ԣҪֶԸͷƷ飡
Ʒ飬ܿɲͣ൱Ľ׾ˣҲûжٰգһѾ죬ȴһҲûҵͿԿĳ
һ˵ʵǿģҪôǸԼߣʣµģҲӵ˸ԵŶӣ룬ǶһŶӣʱһԲϣֻ·ڶļʺܴ٣ðգ
ڵ£Ҫҵʵ˼룬ɲһѡʵǲŽڵȻõѡ

仰Ʊ̲סһΪˡ
ԭӦòСӵˣֻΪϢߵһ
·ơ
ҲֱӱԼ
߽ʼԾͱˣٵ͵ҪǿƵ˲С壬С˻ʸ
ģҲʵֻҪ˰̤۷壬ηκˣ
Ǿͷֹæˡ
ֻЦǺǵĴ˸кǴͷСͷֻǵ˵ͷֱתͷȥ
Ѿ϶˷ǸϺȵļһ
˵ˣҲԣֲûɱƷ顭
졣
ǣȴˣһεοԷʩչ˲ųɹһͷƷ飬һΣȴҶڣխܹĶԸ
̫ˣǻȥͷɣȻǱ˷˿ɾûǵķˡ
ϼһ֮Тϱһ֣
ƵʵǿڣѾ㹻ˣҪȥˣ
ȻüͷҲǵ˵ͷ
Ͼôһٵ죬ҲδػõȥȥҶ취


1601 
ڵ缸û󣬶ɭ֣ˮСޣһȱһһ
߳ھųѾʱˣһֱԭʼֵɽš
Ϊ̫ע⵽ǵ٣ԣһֱûеУּ伱ߡеͬʱÿܵͣ÷ƲǣɽͷȻҲƮƮһëһּƮţûз
˵ٶȶһֱظţǵٶж죬Тʮҡ
ճǵʱƺҪԷƣһǰ壬ٶȼ죬ǣǵٶж죬һֱûʱ죬ƺҲˣһʵôٶȴǲ
ڵڶʱһľɽȵУƼ鳤ʲôˡ
׿ǳ棡
ڱΪ飬ļ׿ǳЩƣͷʹˣȻֻһͷͨûƷ׵飬ȴҲһ׳ǰС
ڶּӲļ׿ǣ㣬Ӱĳ룬ǺɣֽĴУ΢΢趯䣬ΧǴХľǱʵǿ϶ܡ
пܣҪֶξˡ
ƺҪ֤Լͷһľе֮ϣһŷƺγһһˣɱ顣
ƺҲǣֿվڸλڷֹͷߣϮ
ƺѾֹһභˣʮֵ޼л㣬һɢźĳÿһζ׼ȷĵסϮ鷢ƣ΢΢չǺ׿֮һ˲䣬ץס˻ᣬһĽǶȣеĳĻ׿֮µĸ

ķֱӻǼ׿֮²ûжٷĸʱɫѪҺûʱһغˡ
һͷ­֮ϣ֮ƿһöӨ͸˱ǱԳ˳
ߣ
̤ʬ壬гŻȵˣǰļС°ͣŷһƺܵ⡣
ŹȻʵǷ
΢΢Цֹάһ䡣
֪ͺã
ôһ˵Եĸӵĵˣ˵ͷ󣬲Ȼ˦һӣܵˡ
ƺҪշΪСܵͷТϣ˵Ǿûʲôס
ԭڸ¡
ƵĿǼȫڼӲļ׿µɨһĨ˼
ͷ£һ˸Žâļ׿ǣǸһҪƿҲô׵飬Ȼļ׿΢΢ʱ򣬾ͻ¶ĸֻҪ⴦ܹ׵Ľ֮նɱ
ȻǰỹҪӵһʵĻϣȻһ˫޻һ֮¾ܽ˸ɣģֻҪء
Ҳնɱİ취ҪԸǲӲǣֻǷֺá
쵱УһҲ˲Ķ飬ң;лնɱͷͨ飬֮ջ㲻
Ҳ÷˿Ҳ̫ϡ١
һЩ棬ĵͱռˣСɢޣֻĿĵѰң˾ջãʱһҲջ˶ˡ
һԵТϼķһֱڹ۲ܣǿڽ͵
ĵط
ƲĿ
㣬ϵû˵
Ȼʵ֮¾һʹܹȡⷽ統еϵʽ۳ͣЩ۴Ȼ͸顣
ТȻƵķӦΪŰڵĳʶ
νԽԽǿԽԽǿôγɵģǿռ˸õԴСֻܼǿ©µģֲμԽԽԶ
죬˽뵽һĮУɳ죬һſŷɫĹâۿɼڻڡ
һʱ֮ڽ뵽һϿȵεУһ۵Ĺ䴦һҶǿߵǣǲսǷֲˡ
⣬Ҳ׷ɱʱ䵽⴦Įвŷֵģ˵ҲǴѲк󸣣һ飬൱һջˡ
λĻǾͿʼжɣ
һµͷ֮һ˱Ⱥ߽⴦ҶС


1602 
ҶڣȫһʱıӶõķһ˵ľҲɵһÿһ˼ס˺߼䣬Ҳûзκεƺ±ˡ
𱩶һٶͷֻӵķݣһֿˣƱҲᱻ˷֣ʱҪọ̈̄ûпܵģ
Ҷ˴ǧ׾ң·תһƬĵش¶ڷǰ
ҶУƺڿˣγһȻĹ㳡Ĺ㳡УһЩ̦벻֪ݣһСӺΪһϡ
Ҳѹ֣Į֮»̶ܹȣԶԶЩԭʼ֡
ƬĹ㳡УҲһȺѹѹ飬ǻڵţӡܵĶҲ俪һ󶴣Щ̾ڴ󶴵С
һɨɨƹƣ㳡֮ϵԳһͷ
ңֻ಻٣
һʯʯ̨ϣ̾һͷ׳ţС飬ֹߴϵǲ׿ǣҲǸӵĹĻһӨ˸ţһֲɴݻٵӾ
ȻͷƷ飡
һ˫ްĴǣ΢΢ĻӶ䣬Ǵһ˵ĺХΧЩ鶼ηĿǹһһ
ţȻһһͷһͷĽҶͨȻٶȽңŪ̫Ȼпܻ飡
ТһصĶ˵ţȻּһ䣬ʵ̫ˣô˳⣬Ȼ취ǧƴ
仰ƺѷƵģϾǳˣܶ鶼Ǻ˽⡣
Ȼ󣬵ǣȴֻһΣֻҪڣһнпԣ
ҶͨȻСǣ˲оѾŲֽţƣȻ󣬷䵽ȻעⲻҪΪ﷢ˡ
Ҳûзԣֵվۿ׽ġ
ТƺѾǵһôˣûָȥϮЩ飬Ǵӵʰһʯ飬ֱӻͷͷʱͷ̧ͷ˫ڵ˹һûκԥֻһţǿٵĳͨڡ
ȴģȻ֣ңֱӱɽǸȭֱһȭԴ
ɲһĴ󣬹Т˵ܹ˺һͷƷ鲢黰
Ȼһˣֻܿϧ̫ˣȹԪ˻Ҫϡ١
Ժᵽ壬˸пԶսϣһǵ֮շ
ԶʱھʹڵĹ𣿡
оȣ࣬ʵʦأ
һ࣬Ϊ˿ڶȽϡ٣Ѻãսһ֮£
ϸΪš
ԭˡ
Ƶ˵ͷͬദһ𣬶ܹһ飬˵Ǳ˴֮䶼Է
ʦΪλôС壿
Щˣھų֮ھٸСС壬ôʮмǧˣ
ԭӵвͬԶʱ֮ʱһЩǿ建̲С壬żǶʱ֮Щ嵱һЩǿ֮Ҳԭ壬Ϊһʱڣ½ϴСС廹һǧ
Ȼô塭
һڹۿǼնɱ飬Ժȴ˼ţ˵ȵЩǿˣͿ̲ЩС壿
û
Ͽ϶ĵͷҽ͵ʵںܶжԵĻѺõ壬ǴӵѳȥġһҪǿ󣬹⿿ԼǾԲеģҪǳҲһʵС
š
ƺһЩʲôһļƽϡ
壬Ϊ츳ϵԵʣձҪڸ壬ǣǽЩսǿȴϡٵ弯Ϊһ壬ôֽһʲôĳ棿
ߣТϵϵĺĬЩ֮⣬Ҳûгʲôӡ
ڹ۲̵УҲ˽⵽ˣТΪλʹʯȥϮ飬ΪûĲԣһͬģҲǸͷ飬ʵǿŶ˵ûɶ鷳Ѿնɱ˶ʮͷˣƾȻֵĻᶼûС
ԭҪֵģǣͷƷΧʮͷ֮


1603 
׿ǵķȷǿǣֻҪжչʱ򣬱ϵ˫ͻ΢΢չȻ󣬻ˣ˫ӻ֮µĸǵߣҪķѶľͿԽ֮
ԣСͷĸǿе飬ǴӸɽеģǻǱһȭ䱬ͷ
ɽһƺ޾ͷҰһֶκҰ
ТϣǸռˣʰʬ壬Ҳ˳֣
һͷͷ鱻ѨڱǿճһƬͷƷȻЩ̫ԾǣȴҲ޷жϳʲôֻ̧ͷɨһΧǼȥʯԡ
ȻֻЩͷѾΪƷ飬ɽϵʯѲĹϵ
ΪҪİֻ֣»ͷƷϡ
ûһߣȻûг֣ǣռ˵ַҲǸ֣ûɱ顣
Ҫֵԭ򣬾ΪҪԸЩ̫ͨ顣
ԣȻʱյȻչĺ˳ǣÿһ˵ɫ϶û¶ɵɫ
սֻܹһЩͨ飬Ȼֻ»д鷳
Ʒ飬ûɷ
ȻչĲ룬ڻʣ¶ʮͷʱΪТûйãʯһͷͨͷϵʱ򣬾ȻͷƷһĳϣʱ׳ţȻվһɾ˵ľӴϱŷ˳һ硣
֨
дʱΧǶʮͷſڵϣڶѨеȫֱһ˫˫ɭӣǿΨһڴ
ãƷѾŭˣעĹͨ飬һͬԸ
Тӳȥʯ֮󣬾͸оʱɫһ䣬Ҳûжٻң侲ķԸȻͷȳ˹ȥ
ߣȻڽ󣬱û㣬Ʒɾˣ
ųŷһ䣬ȻҲǿٵĳ˳ȥ
ƢȻãĵȴ
ӣû뵽ԼҪԼ˱ӻһ죬ӣƺԼҲˡ
ߵʱȴŶ⿴һۣ΢΢һɲĺۼҲȥ
ȻТϣãǾḻˣԶʮͷͨϮҲң׷׶վͨڣԸų顣
ౡ
һɵĳڻţ֮ϣǷײ֮
ԤϵģǵҪֶΣӲȿܻϵļ׿ǣܱͨ鱦һ˦ڶпһѷ죬ûκε谭иһڷ⴦㳡ĵطʱТϵѾԾȥ鵱Ծţһͷͷ
֨֨
Ʒ߸ߵվڹ㳡ΨһǸʯͷϣзĽͬʱͷʮףиӤֱô׳ĳ޻˿ڵĶߣźХƿɨȫһ˦ɽһ˦š
ǰ
ɽȭͷϸһ˫˸Өȭףȥ棬ȴ˴ֻСֱۣӾץޡ
飡
޳ϣһɾ޴ֱӽˣ¶һĺۼ
ౡ
һͷû˦һ޹ǣȴɽһץУһȣһͷСͷ­ɫѪҺ磬ͷ鴤һغˡ
ߵȴûôǿᣬԭڶԸͷͨͻȻܵϮЩҵĻתһϮֻƶľˣҲѷ˳ȥβȡ
ౡ
ڵĳֱӳͷ­ؿɨǱУ
ʱТǿȴԱסѲֻĿ޽
ڷƲվסǼһĻθ߸ߵԾһûõĳȭ׸ȭͷһѴŵļϽ֮һȻһֻץסһޣɽһӿֱһͷͷ­ֱӱ
СģƷеĻǿɾ鷳Ŷ
תͷЩ겻ŵ٩һ䣬һӲԭ


1604 
ؿŽԼķƣƺûдӸղ֮еľ귴Ӧǰһ̣ĳ޼ҪᴩԼȻȴһֱԼӵɵնɱ飬Լ
㡭һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôɫòڲ֪ƲǱϿȥǰ򵥣ȲһɱͷľٶǿԿ
ƣģ
ǿһΪԼûЩ֮ϣȴûϵǿɱԼãѹֲסеļһ
λȰЩ˵ɡ¶õЦݣȭУĽһּΪ𺳵ĳӾ
ãҼӰЩȻɱͷƷ飡ɽŭͽ˺ǰ飬ͬת
ôһ˵˵Ķ־ٴα𣬶ǻعɻ󣬵Ҳ֪ʱ׷ʣҪ֪ǰǻһͷƷڻ
ȫɨӶÿ˶ս֮Уǰڹ㳡֮УǸվʯͷ֮ϵƷ飬ǸԼĶ֣
סƷ飬ǽΧһ𹥻ƺȵӰǳŸ߸ϵƷȥ
ɵӣһڳԼһȥƷ鵥ȴǺЩһ𣬱ҪĵƻǱҪż¶һЩʵ֤Լ㹻
Ȼڷƶһ̣ȴͻȻоһʲô˵עԼһ㣬΢΢ƫͷȴʲôûвɵоɡ
֨
Ʒƺŭˣͷ˻޴ĳ޷ذڶڿ֮ŭŷƣһ˵Ķһ㣬ڿµӰ˦ơ
ƷȫԼƲҡҡͷԼǸˣʱ仹ǿԵġ
ƵڿĴ˸Ʒĳͬһ㣬׷ᣬÿһζ֮ǿУνΣյ㡣
ڳضƬ֮󣬷üͷ΢΢ˣʱеѾǱزˣʣͷڴ
ղŵͻϮǿŻغһһնɱٶȸӿ죬ǿǿԲٵĸղƵ¼ٷ
ǿеĳ裬ڿĿ貵Ľò˶ãһͷǵеĳ
ɽȭͷ˸΢⣬ŭһһץסĳޣ֮Ϊֱӣֱһȭ
Ʒע⵽Լ½ɱɾ¸ӷŭŭȫڷƵϣƱذѷ˺Ƭ˼
ʱƷһ綾һ㣬̷ֱ̽Ƶ
ڵĳһǰһ󣬹˷ƣúɫ΢䣬ֱ۵ĳȭ͵رЩͬĹâֱۡ
ƳХһԾϰյӲŤתܿ빥ĳޣһĻǿ˿ú𺳡
һǿϾ޷ɵر֪ܿƶȥǰ򵥣Ǵʱǲпʼ²⡣
飡
ʧȥĿ꣬ײһ𣬷˽ײĴ̶Ʒŭ˻Ѹٵؾһٴƹȥ
ȻʱһȵϢ͵ԴӷɢͬҪ㣬õԶ˸𺳡
ԼؿԿڷƵֱ֮ϣƣƽճȭӭĳ޺ݺݵȥ
һ̣һȭ֮пһͷγɵľֲϢ
ʥǿܵƣɵ΢΢ʧǻʵʥصܻͦࡣ
Тɫ΢΢֮࣬ǰԼһۿƣ֪Ѱ֮ԼȷǶˡ
㳡֮Уʣµ޶࣬ʧ֮һӰ˿Լ˵ĿֲϢԼΪƲǸԼϺˣַ̲ϣԷ˿⣬ǵЦ֮־ԼһΣе㷢졣
䣡
һ죬ֲԷƵȭͷƷ鳤޽ӴΪϯ
Ƹֱ۴ӴŵŵŵڿڵѪ΢ڲѣƷȻѶԸԼ˵
Ʒι֮ȥԱĴ裬ϵ˻ţƺʵĹʱ
ʲôϽæƳһţеջص


1605 նɱƷ
죬Ҫ˵Щʲôֲ֪˵ʲôԼȷʧˣ·һ֮ǻɵøһĨŭ
ߣ쵰мʵʲôףŷ߷ߵصһ۷ƣǿŷƵȥ
ʱТɽǰЩְŵĨɱɾԶһЦһƽڹ㳡ڵƷ顣
ΧסԼƷ˻Ӵתһֺ˵΢⣬޹ڿл裬ע⼸ˡ
ٺ٣Ʒ飬նɱһʲСջ񣡡Т΢˫ЦȻƷǿһԼΧɱնɱôԼ⼸Ҳǲȥˡ
Сĵ㣬˷˴װص֪ΪΣֱ¿ܻ
۽Ƴ߼ˣǼ˵ɫһУȴûʲô֣ȴԶһЦƿ
ڳֻû֣ǰǸѣݣԼ۲죬ƺǰֻǿʶδһɱ顣
оˣûȻãһڱºֵĻǾݹԼˡ
ֶˣնɱͷƷ飬ǻȥһɽΪ±ˬʵЦ
ߣǵʲôˣŲߵڸղŷôн黳
¶΢Цֱӵţɽ˵˵ͷְɣ
£˲ֿվڲͬķλ֮ϣƷγ˰Χ֮״ֲֶᷢĹ
У
Ʒ鿴ǰЩС龹ȻԼƺӷŭްĴǻٶȿࡣ
һ̣Ʒ͵ضСɽƶ֮ʱ˴أֻڵ̵ĺۼ˲ǳ嶯˷ƵĽǰ
һϴβһƷûжǴ֣ھһξʱԾգǰֻ˲˸˵ĺâͬѳƿռϮ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ƷԼôǺޣô˲ȥƫƫҪѡԼΪ
˳ǣҲҵ˺벽ֱ͵ٴνճȭŭһֱһ̤ǰƷӲ
䣡
һͳһ󣬽Ѹ˺Ʒǿ̶ЩϣֱԼľо졣
ȴ͹Ʒĳޣ˻ٴζŷ׷ɱȥȫΧǿˡ
һ֣㣡ǿŭһʱ˷׷׶Ʒȥ
Ʒ˲תͷˣޱȣһʱ֮æмܶ޻֮
ÿһ糤ްĴǶǺƽһ㣬еĳŴ֮ʣһĻ𻨣Ȼ޷Ʒκ˺
ɽһ˫ȭڴ֮ϣֻܹʱر˴ǣ޷ɱͨ𺳵Ľ
һ̫ˣڹ֮ʱ¶㶼زǿɫ쳣ѿôȥǸ취Ʒһֱ׷ɱŷƣЩ˵Ĺ
źǿ˸ǣǴǣҺТŻ㣬ɽǰֵƵѹʱˣܲס
ʱһֱЦݵǻظصɫ˽飬Ͼǿһ壬ԼԷйŻһɱ顣
ǿһۣĬĬص˵ͷ޳飬±Ĵɢǿŷֱǽ˹糤޵ĴǱƿ˦
Тֱ׷ƷĲ˵Ӱͬһ㣬ʱʱ˸Ʒߣڹ۲ŽйƷ¶ʱһ
ɽΪΪǿĴڣŷһ㣬ȭͷ˸΢⣬±Ǹ߸ߵԾϣһȭƷĺ󱳣
飡
ͳײɽһսѸٳ룬ƷƺɽǿһӴǳЩɡ
˻Ǿ޴͵תضɽղһȭоʹ
ƷĿתԼɽӣǼеĺսŭٴγ
Ʒ鳹׵طŭˣαЩСĴڻˣǰЩС˺ƬĲݣ
ιιһĶֿңƷתҪɽɱȥʱ򣬷ԴϷʵٴθ֡


1606 
䣡
Ʒ󣬷ƵӰ߸ߵԾճȭ񱩵Ϣʱصͷ¡
ڷƵǿһȭƷ˫˸ĹâͻȻתصĹâһ̷ƵȭͷδǱһεȥ
ɫ΢䣬ŷŵŵŵڿ˺аƷȻöԸ൱Ľ׵Ĵڡ
Ʒͨ鲻һΪƷ鶼ӵһЩļܣղ˸΢⣬ǿԷġ
Ƶ˵ͷüͷ壬ƷеԶԸԼӵ֣ҪʱɱƷ»ҪһĴۡ
ȫƷ黹Ǽţе׽òǰضʹȫѸٵؽսһβһһֲõԤУǸ
СһǸһЦݵʱ򣬷ϵȻ
ɫɨӶƺע⵽˷Ƶߣ˵ͷЦݡ
ƽ̤أٴγѾһأڽս֮ǰܶȫʵ
Ʒ˷֮󣬼˹ʱɽɱӹȻǿͽ˺Ʒǿߡ
ƺƷ֪ɽ׶Ըûаѻɽɽеơ
һβûż֣һ㣬ԱеעƷоٶ׽Ʒ¶ôԼͿʩչһ׵ؽս
ǿ˲ϵӦްĴ֣ƷǸо֮ΪľТ룬Ȼ׷ҧТ룬ɽԱôǲ
ˡˣ
ŵеĳްĴǾס˫ڽ֣Тɽһۣ˫תƷ鹥ȥ
ĲƷӴļӲĳ㣬ɽֱ۵ȭɢ΢âТǰһȥ
䣡
Ӵһ𣬺Ʒĳ㣬ǵ涼ǲظֱӵըһ顣
У
Ʒ֮ܵƺоʹУ˻ʱ򣬷ƵȻһΪƷ˻Ķ¸¶˳
ʱƺǷһ㣬Ӱֱӵرв֪ʱһ˸ڹذס
һٶȺǾˣŵڴս֮Уûע⵽ֻзƵ۽Ƴһ
ʵ
뵽Ʋͣס˽Ų¶ֵ˼Ȼȶˣɡ
Ӱͬһߣֱһеڹذ׼ڶݵֱӵشƷ鸹һط
ƷĶȻֹӴҲû˾ҵĶʹоԼš
ߣ㣬һذ׵͵һתֱӵһƷĸһ޴Ŀӡ
ƷǶصɫѪҺʱȪˮӿֻһ˸Ծ˰գеذֱӵͷһӣ˳һһö۰Сľ˱ǳС
¡
Ʒڱȥ˺󣬳׵ʧȥӴصڵϣ㳡һ
ֱʱǿ˲ǷӦƺƷ㱻Լ˽ˣʹҡҡͷԴŸȷϣһͷƷıԼնɱ
ǿ˵ЦǰҪһ뿪ļʾ˷ܣȴ΢΢̧ͷ¶һֺ˵Цݡ
ǿ嶸Ȼͣס¶Цݵһֲôˣ
ЦشǿĶһ̣ǿֻǰһڣƺԼǰһţǾ
ţ
ô࣬ǿ͵תһĻȴԭأذڼŵ񾱡
ʲôʱɽТҲ˸һĻɵŭ
ſãʲô˼ǿ˫۳죬ҰһضҪȴ˺Լá
Ҫôɵ㡣סŵһֱִذףϣЦǿ˵еľˣȻҾɱ
ˣʲôǿͬһɽסͱˡ
㻹ôǴһʼͱˡʱǿ


1607 
ǿТ뻹ɽԭأƺûзӦƵһ仰׵ǾԭԼ˲ǶԷõô
˵ûɡƻ̧ͷһаЦݵǰڹذ֮ͣһ£ƿȻΪﵽԵƷĵزȴΪΧЩ̫࣬㲻òһЩ㡣
ǲģɽŭɫǵļΪͨ죬ͫ׼ŭԼ˾ȻΪ˱˵ӣԷ֮
ЦݣֻڴʱǿԵеˣ촽ЦΣô죿
ˣ
ɽ˫Ŀ죬ȭͷȭ˸ź˵ĹâҪǰ֣̤һͣסˣ
Ϊŵķ۾ŵһڹذ΢΢һǰܵƤ˿˿Ѫۡ
˵˲ҪĻᣬ˶ͻޡ΢΢ݺݵضɽˡ
㵽ôſϷſţǿȭͷգϣТӲͱˣ
ߣѹҲôƭڻûô¶˱ĵˣϵľ˶
һ£ɽŭТ붼оƱһ㣬Լڰ̤ôãˣ淭˴
磬Ҫңܶɱ쵰˫ˮǿ޺
ұ죬ȻҲһۼʲôġЦסŵĲӺݺݵص
أ
ŵɫǱͨޱȣ˫ǲϵôֱۣڶԷӴ֮£һϢĸо
ţ
ǿǷŭؿԼñ˶Դɱˣʱòˣ
û˵ôϵľ˶ΪҲ֪ǰǻɱһͷƷ飡ŭȵ
ԣɽ˽ľǵעⲢһˣǰʱնɱƷһصɽûиˣԷȻҲ֪ˣ
Ʒľ˼ֵڳǽڻ龧ˣѹԼº֣
ɽûаɣ±ǰϵһöƷ˳ҧݵҿԸ㣬ʲô֤㲻˺ţ
ɽеһƷˣӿһ̰ôһӣѴ֮͸㵽öƷˣ׬ˣ
ûѡ񣡡ɭɭһЦڷƵ󴦵ȭף΢΢ѿιǸСӣ˵ľ㣬ϵȭҲȡң
̫ˣǲһģҪҸ㣬ôɽŭ
Ȼû뵽ȻԼͷˣʱЦҲǳζ
ЦʲôԹԵظүȭȡƵЦݣ֪ΪӿһĨȵ
ֵܣǿ˫۵ڲؽҧŭеŭֶᱬ

ʱžŵؽΪеڹذ΢΢Ѫ˳ذ£ŵɫΪ԰ס
¾͸ұ죡ŭǿϵЦ𽥱Ī뿴Լô
磬ңҪƷ˽ֱСˣżǿŵһɱ飬оʲôҲʮԲŬóɹС˶ߣ
Ҫȭ׶ѣ㲻ô
ʱ򣬷Ƶ̾һԭ£õֶ̫޳ˣȻŮвɶǰעԼͷϡ
ֵܣ㡭ǿһʱ֮ŷƣ֪˵ʲôΪȻһۿƵȭײѰ֮ǺͷʶҲ̶һѣԷȻӦȭȻţ
ҲؿŷƣȻĴӦˣΪһɵֵôȥôԼĴεѵĲ⣿
ƴ߳˾ǰЦҸȭ㣬Ļſô
ֱӵشӦҲһ£ӦЦͿ䲻ˣô£ȭ׶
˵˶٣ʲôһ㣬ǿ˵ǣ
˵ϵЦݸʢȻͬԼ²һ㣬һβǵ»ͼı


1608 һȭ
Ƶ£ɽȷǵڻңԲǰЩǽϾ˵Ҳ˵СҲСĻᣬôˣպȻ
٣С㲻ûһô𽥵رһеڹذףҵذ׿̺綾ٸȥһ㣬Щ綾ͻ˿ڽڣʱȶˣ
㡭ǿŭѣ˵ûǰתڹذ׿ȥ򵥣Ͽ϶о綾
Ʊ治ɫȴͷ뵽һܣǵһˣ⸽пܻͬ飡
̾˿ƻѳȭԼֱȡڿɢŻɫâ
ţˡƶһЦȭױǻطķ
ŷƾȻôϣҲ¶ıóѵЦݣȭ׵ȥ֪Ѱɫˣһ׬ˣ
Ȼûע⵽ǣڳȭ׷ɳȥʱ򣬷ƵȻһĨ΢Ц
ȭ׻ڿƶϵЦԽԽʢһĨâֻҪȭõʱЩ˶ְ⼸ȫնɱˣԼԶƷľ˻ȭףЩ˵ίУһȫİ
ǿһۣҲ̾һ׷ȡԼȻ֪ΣգܲؿԼǰ
ͶôӵЦԽʢסŵֱ΢΢ɿҪץסӭĳȭס
ʱ򣡡
аһһȭ͵һȻͷųͬâһ̣˵֮ڶǿһŴ貵â
𣡡
ȭͷŵ֮Լظֳһľ޸ֶ
ͬ죬񷣬˵鶼Ϊ֮һӰ֮ʱܵӰ졣
׵壬͵һӲͷ޴޳ԼԼشѪ̴ڣҪһڰԼɵ
ò˵ӦѸ٣Ӹղųȭ˸â֮ʣбǰвʧأƺʧȥ˵ֿһ̣һҧ⣬ʹѸٽ֮оѡ
ǴӦ֮ʱȴǰվλѾһˣȻͫ׽һֲԤС
ι㿴أҿ档һϷʵ󻺻ͬĵֻ֮ĸо
ô£ôһ˲󣡡ʱԺŵȴ⣬۲쵽ƵΪһףԶԶ޷׵Լȣôܣ
£˲ֱɵסŲ֣ͷҲصذ˸ڹذ˴
ݣ
˸һĺڹ⣬ٶȼΪ죬һӰɽޱľϢԶԶԽǣ
ʱҲǷӦᣬӦԷƵĹ֮ʣֱӵѵĿƣѸǿ˹ȥ
ģųûѣһ䣬ǵΪҪӦϮƸĸоĥҴ⡣
㶯̫ˣ
оԼذ׹գľͷŤת֮ʣһȭͷֱӵ˹
䣡
ߵķһ㱻ȭͷ̺ǿ˦˳ȥֱײڹ㳡ıԵϢʱή࣡
ôܣ
ǿ˿һĻ΢΢ſӳ𾪵飬Ҫ֪׵ĴڣȻһȭɣǹô
ʧؿŷƵӰСסԼ΢ŵĺ촽֮оβ˵𾪣ӾȻǿ
ֱһ̣ǲ֪ʵͬɵһȭ˦׵ôһҲնɱһͷƷˣ
ﰡǿТһۣʱ˸е𾪣ɵÿЦѣҺãΪԼ˲ƺû㣬ǾԼˣ
˵úõظҪȥأҲˣٵҵͷϣҸ˵ǵùػǵùأƵ΢΢ǿҲˣԼע⣬ˡ
ȿȡ
ʱԶɵɫüΪ԰ףղһȭԼ޷֮лУӴܲܡ
һѪƵüΪ﷢һХԶԶء
ô⣬޵ģ


1609 
Ǻǣ𣿡
üͷһƺΪȻĿͨǴһĨ޵Ц⡣
ţû°ɣ
ǿܿǷӦ˹ߣʵ
û
˵û£ǣһѣαǳԺɫҲĲ԰ȥѩ׵Ĳںڵɫʼӡ
жˣ
ǿסţɫҲǱĺܲÿţңѰ
ģҩ
ТһѽѾûжٷ֮ץǳ⡣
ٺ٣룡
˷һȭĹоһٱôһץ۵ֱȴɴɭȻЦأӲ
к˽ҩǲ·һ
˶ŲҽǧУ
ɽһͷް㣬۾ɢһɾ˵Щ˹Ъ
ǵȻɱңǣƵľ綾ûҵãɣ
ȻѪǣȴƺܵ⡣
ڼķƵʵ֮˵ļˣжܹȫԼ
ףТϵ˲Ŀȥ
̫ΪˣһСѣֵô𣿡
ƲƲ죬дųϷʣָһһҩԱû뵽״̬ڡ
ҩԵ룬ЩںڵĶۿɼٶɢȥңƽûʱȻ۾
硣
ǰǿԵƺȻ
ţû𣿡
ǿТϣɽЩŵĿһĻɵˡ
ԼΪľ綾ôƳˣ
û¡
ҡҡͷȻǲ״ֻͻȻͷΣȻָˣ˶ѡ
ৡ
֮ʱƿ쳹һӰ˽жʮĸ֮࣬Ϣ
Ҿ˵ˣ
Щ˸ĴЦɫɲ
ã
ТϵıɫТһֻץ죬ǿ˵һСķʮˡ
ԤıģңһŶӣȴ⽫Ϣ֪ТϣȻͼıТеöƷˡ
ֻзƣЩˣң෴ģǵĻȸŨˡ
ⲻǸԼ
Тϣ
Ƕʮ˵߳һժͷϵñӣ¶һŴһ˺ۣӣ˵䣬˺۾һ
㣬죡
֮ТϵɫֱӾȥǿҲɱ׼
Ȼ˫֮гԹңͻҲһΣ
ôݵʱǵʵҲг
ϴ˰̵ķɨܣһĨɫȴǲΪȻ˵š
ƷϮ£ҪǶʮˣҲ븶һĴʱУТϵˣȻһǺõвһ
ߣ
ТһеĳĲϻһѪۣѪĻ˺󣡡
ĻɫɵŴ˰̵ԵЩɲ
ҲûԤϵ飬µĶ֮һȴû뵽͵Ϯ£ȻТϵ˵С
ģܾЩĿڷƵϣƤ̲ס
İ
֪ΪΣܾãİӣƺһ¼ıʣ
һȺˣ˵
һǿΣѵܵԼһȺɣ
ſˣǰȫ뿪
ƺԥãǳ˵
ǲԸʧԱ󽫣ȴҲ᲻÷һʿǾˣ
Σ
ҪˣãֻҪʵ
ٺ٣ɱһɱ׬ˣ
뵽ܵĿ࣬Тϵ̬ȸǼ
ҪԼӲͷǶԷ븶һĴ۲У
ǲײĲˡ
ɫѿ˼֡
ʵҲҪТϵˣ϶ҪܴĴۣۣԣôһƣ˭֪ھȻ⣬ǵû°һʣ෴ģԼȴǳвԼʣʵЩջ
ȿȡ
˫һνŵĽյУһ𣬽˵Ŀ˹ȥ
˼һ£ϵ˾Ϳȥˡ
ڷЩ㵵Ŀ£ԭһֱվһԵķƣϷȴһֲɿζĻʱ쳹


1610 һ
ֻһ仰õԭĳЩϷԣТϼˣǷˣһ۹ڿ
˵ʵТϼˣǷεĳͻ˫֮䶼мԱʵ֮£ٶԷʲôЦ
ԣһȺˣһֿ׳յĿڿŷƣϷʡ
磬Сʵǿ
ТЮֵŷǴϷʵĲ䲻ĴһŲѵ
ȻѾ˵ӣڷǹ˿־壬ǷһȺҲǷƵĶָ֣оڿаȵĲ֮Ϊǿˡ
ôһ˵΢΢ڷɨӣȴҲûзʲôڲ֮ͬΪôһ˵һӾͱûˣǰЩɲ⡣
ԣһȺȻĿ£ΪĿǶŷ˵λֵܣ巿죬ϣֵܹܽѣֵ֪ܸӣ
壬ʵСڰڵϣڵھųСǱϲ࣬ҲһС
죬Ҳͷ˵Ķһ˵ԻǵһΣԣЩ˵δ顣
ǣ
Ƶ΢΢һƣͷĿɨһ۷ˡ
ȷһǿˣʮ˵û֣һҲܹԸͨ飬ʵǿķǱТϵ˻Ҫǿһߡ
Ķ飬ڲ˵ߣҲǿĴƹƣ˫֮ĳԹпҲΪ
Ͼ緿ֶ飬ֻҪִģ壬ϣԷɣȻТϵӲͷǵǣ෴ģǽԼĵˣ֮£ǰһϵе鷢
ûпТǵǷǣֿԲ󣬱ϾĶ飬ƺܴ
Ȼ񣬵ǣҲʲôˣȻԷԼûɴĻᡣ
ôǿһ飬ҵҲᡣ
䣡
ͻأģǷ˹żһ֣˱ǻһӰȭͷϴһȭףֱӺؿڣҪһ
ƣɵһվԭأûжֱǼȭţǲ̧һֱֻӾȥȥûκεɱһһȺǴſɵһɫ¶ѪĻȡ
飡
һ̶ײУѪſĳ沢ûг֣ԭݵķ죬˿ȴɫ԰׵վڷǰϵɫǹŹ֣ƺܡ
㣡
Ϻˮ죬ڳ˿־塣
оֻƾһɽһѹϣϢĺܼѣÿһ۵ֻҪ΢΢һգͻữΪС
̫ǿˣǿ޷ĵزоֲӤͳ֮Ĳ࣡
һṵ޷Խ
δ뵽ԼȻͬһϣܵôңܵôûһ˿֮
ѵûԷôû
εҡҡͷϷʵζŨĿЩ飬е˵еˣ˭˽һöôҾɱһˣ
֪Ǻá
ֻ죬ʵΣˣ֮£ܵôףȻҲûпǰӵĶ֡
ǣҪеˣвʣ
رһҰ׵һŰֽһûаѪɫ
پҲϲТһ˾Ȼӵ˿ֲʵһΣײ˸ְˣ
ТϵվҲЩɵۣþûز
һﾹȻôǿ
С΢΢Щף૳Щ޷š
ôԸ⣿
ԥƵһǿϯõڳвɵһݡ
ͬʱ΢΢һգֻȭͷǷĿ֮֨ȻûûзҽǣһɫҲΪʹЩŤ
ܹĸоһ֮£ȭͷλʼڴѣʹꡣ
ˡó
죬зѣЩɬ
ȻܲԸ⣬ǣǰ˾ʵԼһȺȫնɱʱ˻ģ
ֻԸܹ


1611 ϸˮ
ڷǿѹ֮£ˣһǰ˽ָڵˡ
ǿƵӣǲұŽҵûб
ϾȻأǣȴ޷ԼȣֻҪڣܻеģֻʱѣ
һööˣӨ͸ˮ㣬Өתˮһȴһ鶯һСһ¡
ЩˣȽϸУÿһٶóʮöͨԣȻŶʮˣȴóһʮöͨˣ
ֵˣ
ɿƣ嵭ĶżЩվȵķ˵
ֻϣλֵܸһ·
ǿֱϵľʹü˵꣬Ȼǽָе˶˳
üһƷ˾öƷ˸ö֮࣬ͨ˸аʮö
һĶ֣϶ʮ˴һʮöһö֮࣡
ܺã
һ˦ӣƽϵ˶˽ָڣǲ¶һĨɫ
һΣջ˶ҲǽڵĵһֻǣԶԶûԤƵôδ
Ǹְҵ
ţǵĻȸŨˣȴķһȺľʹɱ֡
ˣǿԹˡ
⻰ǶкҲ򣬶ǻŲ·ĳͨжТЮе˲ˡ
ι߰ǻˣǰ캣磬÷㣬У
źܲ⣬ǳŷţ˵䣬һ˫ǺҲ˺ҲЩʡ
ţ񣡡
ТϺֹҶŷüΪ˵ζ˷
֮Ͷѡ
ӣ赭дûгֹ
˵Ҳϸˮ緿ֻ飬ÿһΣ˽ˣȷ׮£ȴû뵽˫֮ĳԹƺô򵥡
ǿɽĿźϼ䣬˵
ȷֻǾ֮Ͷѣ
ԭڷһȺ˴֮ѾΪ鲻Ϊȫ׼ȴû뵽ɱ˷ôһˣֱӽһȺ˸ˣ
Ϊλ뿪ҲǷƲԼĹϵĶ޷أһֿܾǡųߵ㣡
ĿǰǱȽߡ
ǿȴźͷֵܳȥ
΢Ŀ֮ТϱǶһԵǿԸһ䣬תٿ̱ڵϵʱһƬ䣬ɱ
ڷƲ߳ͨãǴһ˵຿֮ǵеħںС
ֲҽʱͣЪúТϱɽͨ˳
һնɱһͷͨ飬һͷƷ顭֣Ʒ˸㣬ͨƽΣ
һ֮Тѯʵŷʵ
ѾòΪģֺλʵ֪ǳӣ
кзڣģžͲվ
ԣЩţҲûгԡ
ðɡ
ֹά÷ƺܲϰߣͷ˵Т֣ҿ˾ɣΣ
ţ
Тϵ˶ɵЩȻĿ
ܾˣ
ǰ֮ͨһöƷ˰ﶼһʲƵĲƸҪ֪֮ǰǼʱ䣬ҲռˣƷˣǿ
ˣô˵ˣȡʮöͨˣʣµģƽ֡
һ֮䣬ƱǴһ˵ʮöָУվ
⡭
ТϵТһҧ˵ȻԸóöƷ˸ǣҲ÷̫ԿȡʮöͨˣҲһЩ
ƷˣָƷʵˣһ˶ڽ׵ʱʹãܹ°빦Ч
˵һ˾Ѿһ۷徳磬ֻһžͿԿףԻ㲻Ļʹʮöͨ˾ͲˣǣԲˣǾδ֪ǣʹøƷʵˣпһöͿԳɹԽһ
ԣһöƷˣ൱ڼʮöͨˣһмС
ϾֺöǵõˣԼãôܻأ
ԣóƷ˵ľٶõТϵ˺⣬ҲΪж
ȷСŶӶԣȱٵľָƷʵˣ
ȷƾܾТϱǽʮöС


1612 Ұ
ƵҰԶԶֹڴˣңһ˵ǿᣬҪռְˣҲһһϦܹĵ
İ취ǰռһۣ
ȻÿһۣʮǿռˣʵǿΣѵܹԿһ岻ɣ
ңʮǿ嵱УҲδزгǿĴڣ
ûԴ󵽣ΪԼƾϷħܹڰ޵СϾǳֵһЩƷ飬һɱˣ˵ʵˣǲٵģ
ң˶࣬Ǹƣ·Ϸħﵽ˴ɵĵزǧҲһᱻշ飡
ʱƱТվһ֮ϣԶʡ
ĬãТһһƽķ֮󣬲ǿʵ֪Ժкδ㣿
ûѯʷƵ壬ƾֲֿĵʵһǷ
Ҫռһǣ
ջĿ⣬ûж˵ţƺ˵һ׾پܰ쵽顣
˻
Тͫ͵һ̲סһ
ռһǣûʮĵ̣˭˵ִ󻰣
ǺǣȻƾһ֮ǲܵġ
Ŀ£΢΢һЦȻˣǣϵϣТȴܹһȺ֮⡣
ʵʵ壡
壿
ТһȻھãɫ
壬УǶųģĻԻѲ٣϶ûĿˡ
ʱǰܹ÷൱Ľ׾ǿûз֮ˣȻ壿
ТϻΪԼˣЩšĻǸԼ֪ų
Ǹ
ǻعϴһĨεɫ
ǺǣТֲˣ֪Ŀǰԣ̫ˣҪռһǸǲܵ顭
΢΢һЦֱТϣʵԣ֪ТûȤأ
ˣ
Т΢΢һ˷Ƶͼʱüͷɵ
£ЩʵǿᣬϡٵԸ顣ΪսϵʱǱڻҡԣôһ˵ҲΪѡ
Ȼģӵǿߣǳ飬Ҳúǿ߸ԵϢ
ûĸĴ䣬ԣܶ嶼һţֽεõĴԽԽѣǰһ١ⶼٲЩĹ͡
ԣӵǿߣҪصԭλãҲǲܵ顣
ңǰãТϾţͽ˺һͷƷ飬ȻʱЩţ˷֮о˺һͷƷ飬Ҳǲܵ顣Ҳּ֤ǿߣԲֹһˣ
Тַģ˾൱ѣǿһͬȡռһǣһۣ
Ȼ˵ǺأȴõТĿɿڴ
ۣǿɲ࣬ÿһҲѣζҪǰĴ忪ս
̫ˣ
С˷ƵҰģҲЩ顯ֱЩѪڡ
ֻҪӵṆ̀Ϊβƴ
ϣκζƴģûϽǽһѪ£µп䣬ȴѪˣ
֣Ҫʾڵĸ˲УģҾԻ̵ʱڸһĴ𸴣
ĺ˿֮Тϲ˵
壬ûбȽͻսټ˿⣬ԲŲðͷȻ˷ôһλǿڣɾͲһˣ
һѵõĻԣҲ˵ڵĸˣ
ãǾТˣ
ֻֽһ֮꣬Ҳŷ߳ĵһ
Ҫռһǣֻкһ壬ǾԲġҪѡңܹڽ˵Ļ磬˫֮ĹϵҲѡ

ТϼȥıӰƳ˿⻺Ĺâ֡
ҪռһǣۣҪһһͳ塣Ŀǰ˻ʸȫûзȨԣҪ飬ܶࡣ
Ҳ֪һûС
һ䣬ƽһ֣˱㼱
ӵĲӰڤɭӵвԼĵ̣ͬΪ֮壬ԼӵϷħ˿϶Ҳ᲻ȥ


1613 ̫
ھųǣţëڣۣΪھųǵİ캣壬岢ûжĶ⣬ԲܹţλҲǿ˼㣬СӵеķҲ塣
ȻٲĳЩĹ͡ǹżʵҲԲ䵽ز
ԭǸ߸ϣ壬۷϶ÿһ嶼ȥһţȻ׹Ԩ÷
ҲףǣȴҲƲ֮ɡ
ʦ𣬾ĸڱѹ壿
ӷϵһУһЩǳʵ
ȻʧҲǶ̶̵ʱھ͵ϾձڣһȥԣУ϶ĳǿΪǳ
ç׵۹ֽǰʮġһ壡
بǰʮı䶯󣬱Ͼ̶ǰçһ壬ⲻ˵ƾλ֮ѾвǵĵλѪĳͻȻǿԣʧ֮çһ侮ʯһ٣õǰʮ
壬ʵǰߵλãģҲΪͻõʵĥǿѪڣĵǰʮβˣңһֱҡڲԣԹޣûĸ廹
ֻԹͷ壬Ҳף嵱ĺ֣Ǵ˵йڣ
ǿǹһǻأƽһУҲҪ֣
ļɵԣȻûԣǣȴûʹӣ˲Թȥ壬õŴʧ
壿
Ƶüͷ΢΢һڶʱһâ
ûʲôøУԴڷ飬ڤĶڣЩһУ
ȻȻǰʮλãôϢҲָĲˡ
ǿˣ߹֮һ
ΪʵһܶԭҪŲŵĶˣǲη嵱Ǹǿ壡
壡
һ㾪˵ɷʦȻǰʮôռУ
ʮǣ
ĬĬļסͬʱҲΪĿꡣ
Ȼڵķƻ޷ݻһ壬ǣϳУ澡ʧеġ
˼䣬ھųǱѾǰһңƱȻ󲻼Ĳ߽˳ڡȻշϵָǳ˻ʸڴȥ
Ȼһǣڣ˻ʸӵеĵȴǼ٣һԵ϶붾ڣҪ˻ʸԺࡣ
ɴ˿ɼ˻ʸۺʵ֮ˡ
ǹҵĸ߹˻ʸһͷ϶ңƾҪ֮ĳ嶯
ʥѧ½֮϶Ȼʹĵֱõķƶ֮ȫ޺øСңʹ˾ٶԣҲڶ˻ʸһƣ
ǿеĳ嶯ƺһ֮󣬱˻ʸڡʾʥѧ֮ûֱܵ˽ȥ
϶ֱ̫˵ʲôһ˻ʸ˷Ѷ࣬Ҫ˻ʸ·ϱ𣿣
Ժ䵱УԶԶģһŭǴĶڡ
˿̣˻ʸԺмǼڣŵı˻ʸĿǰڰһڵǿߡʱǵɫЩÿһߺ׳ƺƢȽϱ꣬Ҫˡ
ںĵȻһӵȨ¹˻ʸ棬һ䶼޷ӵУ˻ʸ൱ڱż۷ˣ
϶Ϊȡ˻ʸ黹٣ڰҲ˻ʸԣİĶһ뽫˻ʸ̨
ܲˣǰ˸̫۸ˣھȥ϶
ߺ׳ƺԽԽһӣɷڵıҪȥ
лֱ嶯
˵ǿȥЩҵס
˫֮ƹƣȴûеŶǹĵزôһ֣϶ɿսˣ
˻ʸʵ߹һѪƴԿĻ壡
𼱣ѦϸҴţ˵һʱת
̾ȴǵȰͷƢ𱬵ţ
ʲôƨѵһ˾ܸɷ϶ɣ
ߺ۾һɣˡ


1614 
ˣ
˷ִʱűߵˣ࣬ȻֳֵĻУǷˣִֹͣ뿴š
ʣ˻ʸѦġ
氲֮ŴһȥΪǻõļ˶һ㵡
Ѱ˻ʸԱǽ뵽˰ڣҲֱרŵ˽Ӵ˵ʵ൱˻ʸһռڵܲ
ѵǡ
ǿȥҵ΢΢һС
ֻһ˻
üһˣҵҪǳͷۻ·һ˻ʸľ
Ƣ𱬵׳΢΢һ֮󣬿ţ˱ǳſڳȥ

ڴű򿪺ӭӷƵȴһֻƿ֮ȭŶߵûȭԤϵĶܣֱվſڣǴһĨǳǳĻȣӺƽֻܹȭͷ
Ϊβ㣿
Щֿ𣬴ŷŭֻȭͣ˷ƵıǼǰֻһ׾롣
ɴ˿ɼȭ֮˶շѾ¯ˡ
л֣񣡡
ڵҲܿ˳
ѦԴŹˣԲǱ濴ȥļ򵥡Ȼ˵ǰһ￴ȥȷûʲô۵ĵطǻԸѦϡ
νĸˣһûеƢܶ壬ǿߣǣǶмԼΪ飬ѡ񵥶ж
Ҳǳںģַˣ϶ûô
л׳Ȼܲǻջȭͷ˷һۣЩ˵СӣϸƤӣǸıƵİɣҸ㣬ھԵǰκıƶǸƣ
˵䣬ݺݵĻӶһȭͷǴ̶ƿ˲ԶĻע⣬ֱһ˻֣ǲȥ
һƣ΢΢ӣһֻ֣׳ʶһ£շ磬ƣ
٣
֣׳͵۾һԱ˻ֹ£һһСֻȭͷһ˶Щı۾˼зƵļһﱻһֻ֣Ѧϻ㱨
ֻǣȴþûдҽ֮ǲĿ˹ȥǷ֣ӵд֮Ƶлӻһֱֻ֮һƺ̵ˣȴ޷ŵֻƷֺŴϣѾ˺ˮ
һͫױ͵һһĨ˼ɫһۣǶǿ˶ԸĨ޷ڵĺȻ
ôһգƷǲӲҲᱻ飬ǣȥǶʮȴǺ
̫ˣ
ҲףΪѦϻôһ仰Ϊ
Ҳлӻԭ򣬲ڣͷ˻ʸͻƺҧһӲʯͷˡ
үүģһôôӲ
лӻҲЩ죬ɴЩĿǣǣ˫𾪵ȴѾ
ǺǣʵҲǡֱȽӲ
赭дһЦҲջơ
ԺԼˣҲɵ̫ѿˡǲʩչ㱾£Ҫ⼸ˣҲǲܵģ
ڣһ֮䣬ĿıǴﵽˡ
¶
мǸȥЩʵӣĺ˿֮һֻ֣ź˵
֡
΢΢һҲ֣΢΢֮գһĨ⡣
˻ʸ󻤷ɾաôһ֣֮ǰӻ붫м֮
Ϊӣ˻ʸڰһˣˣɵһǿһȻҡ
çײļһлӻָָлӻһĨεɫ
κΰһʵԼǿһߣԣҲûܽ
ߣ
ȴǲ޵ĺһĿڷɨţƺҪҵƵ㣬һһس
κΰ˰ҲûзַƵĵ㲻ͬѰɵЩй
Ϊ˻ʸڵһڵһֵȻȫˣֻֿԣһǸߡڶͲԶˡ
λǹZܿȥȻЩĹZʱ򣬶ȴҲǴһЩ⡣
еȻ˳΢΢һ䣬ǿٵķӦ˹Ƕ޺֮Լƣ·ƣ֡


1615 
ڹZĵһӡ󣬷ƱǾãһˡԺ洫ϵѣȴõһ
壡
ˣȴ˻ʸָܹӵ˻ʸǿߡֻ÷ƾȣ⹫Zк֮ġǣӣΪλһӵ˳ߵĵλ䣬̬ҲǼĿ
֮ʲôҲڵл봺ʱһżȻе֪ġ
ϵĻȻΪͲԼٵӶ˸пɫõķҲԽԽˡ
ʦѵˣ
תһ룬ƲɵЩɻ
ˣûܹɣ˻ʸҲðգһ֣嶼ᱻٲý롣Ķĺ·
Ȼǣ
ֱӷˣȻ˵Ϣ
⹫ң෴ģȼıûκܹȡ
ֻһ仰õķƳ׵ĶݣҲΪôص빫Zкԭ
ӵ¼ԴĹ֮ˣΪλڴˣѾҪǵˣҪģ˵סԺͲˣ
Ȼ˵ܶʱʵʹһУǣ㲻Ϊѹһˣ˭˵Լ޵У
Ҳڵϣıܹ𵽵òǺܴ󣬵ǣʵ֮䣬ıԵĸҪ
Щӵ¼ԴˣȻҲֹֻƤϵı¡
¼˾Եĳ㡭һʦڶǹˣ
һλ˵˭ͬʱƿʦ빫壬ô൱ӵȫ¡
ʱȻ󲨣ʦ빫壬ҲǴԺų׵
ܹõͣһ𣿣
ԣǸʱΪҲõĹ峹׵û֪ȥ޷Ѱҵǵ١
ɼ⹫Ĳӹȫ˵ߣƾʧһ
ԣȻӵǸҰĵˣȴҲֻ˶ˡ
ʦȴҲӵ˺ܸߵĵλʦҪȴǼѣûУƺܹΪʣȴ߱츳
˵ؼһһģƺעһġ
ؼֵܹ֮岻࣬һ಻ˣһȥһģ¾ܹϰ֮ҲǰͰˮ
ԣһʱȫµ˲ŷ֣ԭҪƿʦ빫徹Ȼôļѡɷ糱ǻƽϢȥǴԺһֱѰҹˣûжϹ
һӵ¼ͷԣһܹݳδƣϣиǿĻλ˵һͳҲһջ
ٺ٣ΪЩʦںɽǰɣƺѾµ˷롣
һֱǿΪΣ
Ҳһͷˮֻʡ
ЩĪļһʲô˭֪
Īıһ٣ҲϼһԼ֪ôֱ׳ģ
˵ĻȴǺеȻʱܹ֮£ǣ֮ȼĿ϶аңֹôûĸʦƨƨߵȥأѵ˵ܹѹһ˵𻹲ǿ
Ȼ֮ЩĪܹδʦȻܵĵˡںɽÿѾͻ֣֮֡
ԣʦеģӦ壬ĳһ
ȷģʦпͱշƽ˲֪ٴˣ
Ŀģֻ칬λйһ֮Ե˲֪ˣģµӵѩĮҲֻ˽⵽ʦʹǾǱס˻ʸһ
뱣סʲô
ʱʵҲЩƽ˳ˣ൱Ѿһͳµ
ȻҲѣƾڵʵӵľʦܹδʦҲܿͻᱻշ
ܹӵһλǿ֮˳ֿ֣ԡеģ
󣬷ܽһʵʶңԶΡ
ߣΪҪһͳֳֺõ飿ǹʦĴֻΪ˸ĳһͳ£̫ٵһ㣿
ʱķƣҲֻǺ湫Z⣬пܣ¼ļһҲǲ飡


1616 蹷
һﲻǽZΪ˸֣ѵҪȫ֤Լǹģ
һԵлӻȴΪĽܶһֹš
֣ʲô
ֹZûȥ⣬ǣҲûֱȥǴһĨŵЦʵ
ƵʵȷȣڻܹӳǿھųǵУԣӦܹ֮ȣ
ȻֻǶݵһĻǽƵʵҲ߰˰ˡ
ⲻǷϻ𣿵ȻǳΪϣģɣ
ƻûļ˵һԵлӻǷ˷ֵۣ˵Լռ롣
ɣӢ˭볤
һԶֹ£лӻȻǻûмȥZŷƣȴĻش
֮ϡ
ڹZͫһĨʧʱ૳ķȴ΢ҡҡͷܲӵϵһ˹Ļţʲô壿
⣬ûģ飬ȥΪ˱ܡûǵҰҲˣ
ǣĳΪ˲ɣ֮أ
û˿ǹ⡣
ĳΪɣǻʲô׷
ģɣҲͦĵġ
һԵлӻͷðһ仰
ʵ˵ڵɵ𣬾ͺñǵϵ˵Ĳࡣӵ֮ˣѵҪһֱŪЩ治ɣ
ʱˣ壡
лӻ˼룬ˣֻ»ǻѡԾ
һû׷ˣ治֪ܹЩʲô
ǺǣЩʵʣ𣿡
΢΢һЦ
ѵûг룿
ZֵƺЩķʣһĨɲľâһ
ȻС
ʱȴǺԥĵ˵ͷЩĿ˵ǹʵԸǣ
ֻһ˳ԸԼӣԼһͬȥҲǻΪһɻܵһ
Ȼ紫ǰܵĻһῼΪԸġ
ֵҰĿɲС
Zһ촽ȥ΢΢һա
ЩףԼڱһ֪ͷ̸˲ʮӣȻԼͱߵıһߵˡ
ȻʲôҲû˵ѾںüҲû˻ʸиڲͬġ
Ƶʱҿ϶ԷԼߵĿģôһ򵥵֮Ѿܹȷˡ
ֻɻǲԼڵĿģֻһ仰ȥ˻ʸûͷûβġԣҲ֪Լʵˣжãѵһͳ£
ЦӢĹZôܰѾĵϣȻڲ֪һλɨǸɣ
ĿǰƺûиõѡǷƵ۵Ҫһͳ£ƺҲҪƨƨߵȥæСȻλܹĵ
ҲֻΪ˳ɶŵļһֵ۵뷨
ʵ֪ǣԸĻҪһǧһ򱶡
ˮ£ϣȻе˺ĻȥôһĻǻϲ֮һ˰
֪˵Ļ϶Ըѡһͳµġ
ȻȻᵰ۵Լôѹѭ֪֮ѭĴڣоԼԼһͷѿ
ؼﶼһεѭֻת̬ѡ
ȻԼھܽѭأ˵ԼܹӰ쵽߸ıԭеѭǾ͵ͬܵġɣ
뷨Ǹ֪ǻö
ڹZǵģֻҪһ쿪ȥΪϵɣҪɾ𡭡Ҳǲɵ
ԺǸĿڰɣZ
Դˣ֪еϸķȻֱӵͷлӻһȴһͷˮҪ£һ֮󣬻ǹԹԵı͡
ǴûǸһͳµģҲһᱻշƽġ
һͬ뵽֮󣬸һҲûкΪ˼ȥ붫˵ͷΡ
ҷŽԺӵеʱ򣬺лἰ϶
ҲûĆ£ֱӶƢлӻʵ
ԣǰﹷģ
һ϶֣лӻƢʱˣ۾ƽĵġ顯ֱ죬һҧгݵģ
ڷƵĿڶϵʱ򣬺̾һӣȴƣͺǡһͷ蹷һ
ɱСƷ蹷һ裬ҲǿҲһУܹ꣬Ѿ൱Ĳˡ
ΪйZĴڣ÷֪ܹȵڣĹ͡


1617 
ӣƺ϶׵ıɷ蹷ƺΪԼԵʡȴڣʵģ϶˺Ƥѣ
ֻЩھΣΪԼ飬õ˻ʸ¶Լš
ڿʼԼˣ
Ǻǣʵ϶һͷķ蹷
һԵĹZ죬Щζ˵š
ķ蹷Ǿ˵ͷ蹷ӵǡô˵Ļ϶ͲֹǷ蹷ôˣһͷǣ
ǣ񣬲ֶεȡѾҧˣҪˡԣڷƶУƺľ쵽鲢Ǳ濴ȥô򵥡
˵϶ͬΪ֮һûɲһе˻ʸ蹷Ĺ֮ս϶һʤĽֻô
Եѣ
֮ѣ϶ĸ㶼֪ɣ
ǰǴԼڱ˻ʸߵλϣΪ˻ʸڰ䡣ЩȻ˻ʸŴʧǣô
Ϊһ϶Ѫܹ϶һͷ˵Ķ𣿣˵һʼһһͷǱڰеҰǣҪĲ˻ʸҪԵ˻ʸ
棬ͲһˡֻҪ϶壬Ͳôǡ
ⲻܰ
ڶлӻɻĿ£ȴԵ޹ʵðôһ仰
ȻһͷˮZȴһĨ͵ɫ˵Ų̫ۡ
ŹZŴŸĪ΢Цӣƻƽ
ˣôֻ˵һ⣬϶˲壡ȻЩ˵ȥӵµһԴˣ϶˼Ľˣѵ
Ǿ嶪ˡȥ˭ȥͿ壿
ֻһֿܣ϶͸ˣ
кܿ뵽һֿԣʱԼҲɵһϲɵķһ㼦Ƥ
ѾǱ͸ô򵥣϶Ѿ֮ƿˣ
ǿʥѧ϶Ѿˣأ
뵽Щôչȥĸ֪ô£Ѿ˸ˡ
С⣬ȥ
ּ䣬ZӽָóһС;ݸ֮ǳһɲĻȣǱ˫֣˳ȥ
һԴֱȴûһ֮¡ԣ㽫ϢҲûκã෴ģĴңҲʹϢĿʼˣ
ڿҪ˻ʸģҪ塣˵ǸĻڵľ棬ڶ̶һȻı
ȻֻһС;ᣬȴúأܳʲôзǳ
Ҫлʱ򣬹ZѾ߳ȥ¹ˡ
˿̣ŷгֵľᣬҲֻлӻһﻹǲȻˣȻģģҲ֪ϼصÿһֶǳҪ

΢΢˿֮ɫƽȥҲһƬ䣬õһҪͷ͵лӻһ˸ǽ˻ȥ
棬дС֣ԽԽľԣžҲЩһˣõ¶ҲٵĽȥ
⵽õѱлӻЩƽһܹѹˣõܲϰߡʱȴΣ˿ɣԼʱõĻǿ϶ٷƵһٺᣡ
˻ʸһ
˼Ǿǹƨ˼һȭͷκβˣƵһ
ûѯʣҲûǸȥ͵ǾصĶ
ףZԼ˷ƣ˵ĶԼ֪֪һҪ֪ҲȻ
ƴֽţȴǿһСʱһεļס֮һգǻΪ˻ҽ
е˼
лӻҪɧʱ򣬷ͻȻڵǱûаеֱӾõˡ
Ⱥɲٺ١
ϹZıƿðһдζ֮Ļ
Ⱥǣʲôǣүһֻֻȥǵݣܳף
ΪƵ̬ȷŻлӻȻ׾˵ʲôҲŵˣ˻ʸĵ˲ֻ϶ѡ
ִΣ
һԵĶȴǺ򶨵ʵƺͲµˡ
ȻһȺΪ۸һͷôͷɽ֮Ӧԣ
һﵱг˱ɱϢõлӻвɵһݡ


1618 ɱ
ϻܹ֮Ϊ֮ΪܹȺޡһͷҲȺܹκε˵ģοһͷϻ
ȻҪһͷ蹷Ҳͽƾͼƣǿ
Ͼ̫ȥѹпܻöԷԼѾ¶ԻΪľٶ
ԭһͷˮлӻ͵仰ʱֿ죬ֽеáүͿǰˬˣҪھͳȥǵƣ
ߣ
Ҳһ֮ǰأƺĺ׳嶯£ںɷһԵĶȥһ֮󣬱Ǵ򿪴ţ໽елӻ˳ȥ
¹Ǽһھ͸еˡ
ǲźۼһۼ
¹ǲ壬ʼڣ϶ˮֻлӻδܹȵĹ
ߵĻ̫ˣҪ壬Ȼ¶ΪߣڿõҲлӻһ˶ѡ
֪ǵôˡ
磬л׶¹أ顭УѩĮһֻ˵ûκȱݵĶ飬ܹڡôƵѹҲٺܶࡣ
ţʱ䲻á̲һˣ϶ܹ뵽취ѸٵĳɳֻɳĹҲǻȽʹһ㡣
ڷôŵʱѾ϶Ժſڡ
ৣ
лӻһ壬ͻЯ˵ƣȭͷֱӾͳ϶Һȥ
䣡
һ쵱У϶ֱӾͱķˣõ϶ſڵĸδ
Ҳҹôߣ
лӻһ泩˼㡣
ԴҹҸ֮󣬾ͳĲһԳԸˬŹ֡
̫˹ˡ
󲻼߶ķƣȴҡҡͷƺԴ˻⡣
ҪҪ
лӻȻĿ£ƻȻ֣һȭһǿľһۿɼĺۼֱӺ϶ĴϷ
䣡
϶ſѾͱΪƽأĸ˳ȥѪм׷ɣģ׶༪١
ꡭ
ǹһĨаȵĻȵķƣлӻԭأЩĿɿڴ˵
Ȼ䣬ƺ׷˵Ǿ䡭˷Ĵ֮ʲô˼ˡ
ˬ
һ֡ð⣬ЩԾԾԡ
лӻ֪ʲô𣿣
ڴʱһܼǴԺڴƺŭõлӻͣ˽Ų
Ϊ˻ʸһȻûٸЩ϶ļһɼܣǣÿζֲˡ
һ۷֮д󶨣ǹһĨֻ֮⡣
϶ڳ˿ɲ٣ʮǺ֣վмģӣԣһ˿϶϶ĸˡ
ͬʱΪĶΧҲˡ
Ƭ壬ԺӵȻĴСʱĻҲĿ˵
϶ƣ۸˻ʸѾһˣǶѾϰˣǣȴû뵽⿴СᾹȻҲ̧Լͷ˵С
ֻʱȴû˷ʲôĸ޸ĸˣҲǸվԼԺУû˿ҪȰܵ˼෴ģһϷģ
ȻǾվԭأ϶ˣ۽ǵȴǽЩ˵̬С
˵ʵڵģкʧ䡣٣˻ʸ֮ʱûվ˻ʸ˵һ仰
ǣΪ壬һɷӿϯõвɵһݡǸȥ϶˵ʵŹôߵģ
ţ
ԭʦȻٺݺݵһ˻ʸӣԷƵʻԵЩɵۡǷӦ˹ղ㡭
ֻҪشǣǲǣ
ƱĻ˵һε϶ˡõǺҲɵһ͡
ùҵģ
϶Աߵӣ˵
ܺá
仰£ǹ˵ƺһõ϶˶ɵĺ˿
ƵĶȴõǵĶ
һľ
ƻĳ۽ƺֱǰЩӣһƬû
ôȥˣ
˴㵵Ŀ£ĳֱ֣һȭͺӵؿϣ޴ӻһҽУͱ˺Ƭ


1619 Ҳˬ
ЩմѪҺ϶ˣֵ˵ͫ׶չ˼ޣˣ°ͶѾˡ
Ϊ̫ˣֱҪΪ϶У
ȻɱĲ϶ĸˣǣĿǰȴһġ
ң𾪵ǣǸӾȻûκη֮һɱˣ
˭ʵΣڳÿһж֪ʵϣлӻ١
ǣôһǰô׵ıˣ
ԣǣȥǶʮӾӵкεȵĿֲ
ֻ룬ǲ𷴿֮ģǾĸ޸Ժ䵱еˣɫҲΪһȥ
ʮꣿȻʹʥˣңȻӵ˷Ƿʵȸûյκηƺƾվôðһ
ҲΪˣǶǼסӣºϸ
δ֪Ķֲµģ
˻ʸĸ˶ȴûг˿˻ʸȴǷִŽգǵȻҲһˡ
Ȼεжƺ˶Ͽɣ
õ˴۾
Ϊ˻ʸһǱȽӹ϶ǿƣҲһ٣ٶã˾ƺǶָʹġ
ƴ˾٣ȴõ˻ʸĻһڴĽкãȻҪ֣Լʵ뵽ԼְҲֻվԼĸλźˡ

ҵθԹԡ
лӻ۾գһµĿǰһУһԼԸǱȽϳ嶯ͻȻľãԼǰһȽǸСƣ
ȻңȴûɱˣΪлЩ˼ɣʱ򲻺ճ
Ƶľٶɾһûκǵķӣ
㡭
϶˿ǰһķƣԭҪ˵Щݻ˿ȴ˺˵
Ҳȷ˼Ǻвǰɱ𣿣
ֻ֪Ƶļһ﾿˭˭Լ
˭ǿҹȥģ
϶ڻΪѾ˵ʱ򣬷Ǳ䳹ǵûаеٴõǶ˱ѵУ
һʱڣԭƽĳ棬Ϊ仰𣬳˽ŵգΧΧ۵Ҳ鲻ԽҪԶӡһɾͽԼˡ
һ϶ɫվԭأû˭
ͻأģһ˫ƣһ裬һϵз̬£ֻƱպϡ
žžž
ܺá
ƣƺǱʾԼͣȻһ仰ȴֱӽǶʮ˲С
Ȼû˳ϵĻôͳͳȥ
⻰õ˶һ񺮡־ĿǿһͷеĶħһ
ʱ俼ǣ


ˣ
ڷʱ϶ˣָɫѾ԰׵ûɫӡ
ķƵĿɨ˸ֲȥˣֱ̱ȥг˶Ŀ־塣
ȻǹҵģǸһġ
ֻǸãġ
Ҫ϶ˮ
Ƚϳʵ
ƶǵһˮ϶͵Ŀ˵һĨʱ򣬷Ƶֱҿȫʬ
꣡
䣡䣡䣡
ȥǸǱһǣ˶ǱԱֱֶӺѪ϶ԺǰһƬǽ塣ѪѻһСս

һУƺ˿֣һ϶һ֮󣬱תһԻŵлӻ˵ߣ
ŶŶ
лӻӦ˹ƨƨߵĸڶ͵Ŀ£˳˻ʸԺȥ
Ҳ̫˰ɣֱӰ˼ҴԺˣ˸ɱˣôƨɾˣôҲҪһԭɣ
㾿˭Ϊô
ڷ˻ʸſڵʱ϶˲˹ʵЩη壬Ƿŭ
ϵģͣõ϶һ¶һٴеɫȥǰ
ɷǶҪˣﻹȥ
˭
΢΢һƣƽĵ㻹ûʸ֪Ϊôܼ򵥣ҿǿҲˬԾ̲סصĶٵ
ôһŨŨɷĻлӻ߽˻ʸԺС


1620 
ѪȣѪȣȴֳϷԡ
ΪǿҲˬǽ߹ҵˣңңҵͳͳɱ
ֻŵĻû˻ţڣͬʱҲһ
ǷӣˬĸˬˣҲὫ֮γ
Ϊܣһڵ㶼ûгǧˣƽж٣
϶ųֵƣǶԸٸҲܹȫˣǣǸĿǰֵ֪ӵʱȴųֻûйһ
˫֮Ĳ̫࣬ˣڳĸĸ˶ΪԼӵеܹ˸¡
ǲôֻһ·ѡˡ㣡
Ȼҵѡ񣬲϶ֳˣ˭ΪԼ³϶õȥ
һЩԭС˼ˣҲԶԶ϶˾룬ָɱ쿴϶ˬˣ϶˺һ֮ͬʱԼˣ
϶˳Ĭ˺ܾãһ飬ȻҲûЩվǰװģĻֱӳųȥ
Ѿƿصķˣȥ˿ɣ϶˻ᱻȫγ
϶мٲã

ˬ
ڹ֮лӻǹֽһ˼俺ܡ
ˬˬˬͿǰӲˬˣ쿴ǳԱʵ̫ˬˣ
ܵǰŵıȻŵʱĳ棬ˮֱ綫һ
ǰ϶ˣǸããñƢܹܵˣ
ΪνĴ룬Ҳֻܲϵͣͱһӵˣڣֹǽ϶ҸˣҪҫļһǸɫиʹ죬ɳĮҹûˮˣͻȻһˮӵһ쾡¡
ʵ˵Ȼڣ鶫ҲһڷƵľٶûһüͷ෴ģʱҲüЦ
зƵľڣԺ˭˻ʸ飬ҪԼмＸˡУ˻ʸȥ˺ܶ鷳
ԣ˿̣ڷϿģֹвԼǻۣ
˵ĳ֣˻ʸ֮
֣֪ɷ붾񸮵ĸɱ񸮵ĸǰһ𣿡
֮󣬷Ҳû˵׵ĻֱӱǶŶʵ
񸮵ĸ˺ɱ񸮵ĸˣ
һЩĿ
˵ʵڵģڰӵеʵܴҲܳ㣬񸮾Ͳ˵ˣ涾ڣȻѹƣЩһ˾һңѰ˭ȥǣ
ɱ񸮡
뵽ȺûļһҲЩͷʹɱûдԺȥң
ôѴ
üƱѯʵ
дĿǰȻҪԸ϶һЩСǣֻƾ˻ʸǾԲģǽ£ʵԱ
񸮵ĸ˿ɱ񸮵ȴЩѡ
ţǽɱ񸮵ֿ֪˷ơ
ԭ
˼ĵ˵ͷûж⡣ҲûΪ˵Ǿ붾񸮵ĸ˹һˣ˵Щ顣
Ȼʱ޷õɱ񸮵İ룬ֻҪֻǼһڣӦþͻԼԼԴˣǺļ
Уȥ
˵ͷ֮󣬱վҴҵĳȥ
ʱ񸮵ĸ˱Ǹ߽
һʮߣǺܸߣһ˫ӲܻǣЩǵĹâȴƺڻתܹ˵ǣȥ
ߣΪվǱЩɭɭģǹһ
Ǻǣӭ
һĨŵЦݣҲǺƽ͵Ķ˵
̬õ˫ǵһĨ졣
뷽һɱ
Ļ治ţ߻ͬһˡ
΢ʧ֮ܿͷӦ˹ֻǣȴɳĬֻǾĿŷƣЩ˻Ƶ³ʲô£
˻ʸ֮ĹϵǺǢΪǷľٶҲЩǣӻ񸮴ԺһΪЩ鷳ˡ
еС¡
Ƴ΢΢һЦǶԶʵ֣֪ûдĵط

ȻʲôаĵطǳźԺȥ
񸮵ĸˣȻЩԥ΢˼Ǹȥ


1621 
ҵУֻз붾ĸԶлӻûн
ʲô¿˵˰ɣ
񸮸ƺҲ·ƽԼɱڣЩ˻Ƶʵ
Ȼ
Ƶ˵ͷϵЦݣȻʵ֪Ƕӵ϶˭
䣡
仰֮󣬶񸮸˫ԭǵӶȻһƬڣīĶҡ
㾿˭Ϊλ֪Ҷ񸮵߻ܣ
Ŵڶȴɺķƣ̲סһݣǿѹе𾪣һһٵʵ
Ҳǰòŵ֪ƺ϶ӵڽڱǻȻҲ޷֪ڵ߻ܣ
ȻǺ壬ûгɳ֮ǰǴģǰ¶ˣпܻᱻɱ
´αôϵȻǷصĺ
һֻ֣΢΢ȣһƢҩǳңЩȫһƲ©ȫɾ
ǡ
΢΢ӣŵҩ֮󣬶񸮸˶ʱɫ䣬ǿݵҲЩƵĿ˿־𾪡
Ȼ޷жϳڵҩ便ĸȽ׵ģԼڵĶܶη֮绢ƣףǰˣǲĶ˼ǰСơ
ţҶǶ񸮣ڲûж⡣
΢΢һЦһ뵽ڵҩԱ͸˳Ʈ˹뵽ڡ

񸮸˼Щѵһ̱ϣ졣
оҩȻ΢СǣȴȫʴԼڵĶ䣬֮ƻݻ٣
֮ƺһϵģֻ
ͷǷˣãſʵ㾿ε֪ģ
˵ͷժģ𣿡
ЦЦĿĵʵ
񸮸˲û˵ȴ캧ˡ
ͷʲôطΪ񸮵ĺĳԱ֮һѵл𣿣ǰ˾Ȼ˵ժȡ˵߽һƬУ
䲻ĵһ
ͷΪ֮񸮵ǰûٷѹ򣬲ȴûܹڣǴﵽʥ۷徳ҲУ
Ȼ׷ô쵽ģ϶Ȼܹţҽ˴ʥ磬Ǿ˵϶ӵѾȫƿʡ񸮣ƺûܹȥժȡһ걱ͷǰɻţڷôһ˵ȻûȫţȴŷƲûж⡣
ܹԸΪ϶ðգֻ£϶ǰӻŷͬһĹϵŶԣ
Ͼ϶岢ֻǶ֮˵ϡ
Щ֮󣬶񸮸˽ɫŻĻȥʵҪʲô
Է϶ӵֹϵԺֻ»ǻ˻ʸߵһ𡣶ĿǰƺԷ¶ʵԣԼܹﵽģƺҲֻһЩ¶ѡ
ϵЦ⣬Щ˵ֻϣԺ˻ʸΪհܹͳһжܹ𣿣
ţ
ԥ֮󣬶񸮸˻ǵ˵ͷ
ܺá
ϵѩ㻯Цӯӯվˣȥɡ
ʣ϶嵽ʲôϵ
ڷתʱ򣬶񸮸˻̲ס׷ʵһԾͿˡ
Ǻǡ
ǴһĨĻתĿ⿴ЩЦǵ˵˵Ů𣿡
Ů
֣񸮸ϵɫֱʯˣ޷ݡ
еĵһ뷨Ǿǳ
һŶŮҲᵽʮɣʮӵдʥЩϢ
϶Σֻ϶֪ΪͷԵʣҲûгֹɵ϶塣żļأҲֻǶ϶ʵûгɳĹ̡ԣǸ޷֪϶ĳɳж졣
ͷƺϢڵľò
˵ŮôΪԼŮȥðժɱͷҲ˵ĹȥȻҪõѣҲȥյصС
ֻǣ϶һŮ˵Ժ񸮶Ҫһȥģ
΢΢˳飬߳ȥ֮Ҳվ


1622 
϶¼֮󻹲Сʱ֮󣬶񸮸˱Ƕ˻ʸͬˡһʱڣ˷ꡣ
ƵķǿƣĲ˶ݵʱھȻܹö񸮱̬õ˶ǻȻҪһЩСǣ뵽϶¼֮ͷϵСҲֻܸǳˡ
⼸գҲûг⣬붫Zлӻ˾ڣȸá
ڣһС˱ڶŶͷ˶˵һϵǻı˳ȥ
˵ǸھǴڵһȻƴͷβû˵һ仰ȴǸѹ
ˬ
Ǻǣһ֮֮İ취ȷôһЩһͲˡ
ZһĨǳǳЦ⣬ڶķƣһĨ͵ɫ
ԷƵҲܹЩĵļһȫɵǣӶҲһЩ޷ԤƵĺڰ½ҲҲҡ
˿ƷΪȻѾ϶׵ĵˣǣʵʱȴ٣϶ˡԣ϶ûлΪڶ˻ʸѣ
ֽ׶ΣҲֻһʱˡЩͷʹüġ
пܵĻԲȴҲĲһУ廹ܲ
ţܿˣԼ֮߳ʱǵĩգ
ͬʱҲеңҹZǵˣǵĻǺ᲻룬٣ҪڻûɳԼӦò̫ѡ
뵽ӵдԴļһԼߣԭЩǵȫķ
ˣ˵ַսʱ䣬Ĺ涨
ƶһԵĶʵ
˻ʸӵеķǾԲģҲѴѵԴʯΪ뵽˵ĿڴС
ֻҪʵͿѡս
ἰһ
˵Ҳ˻ʸķֻӵһ⣬ҲֻлӻǼһӵһԼķ䡣
ΪˣǼһǵĺܡҲ˵ʵھųǰһǧĴڣ
Ŷ
΢΢ĵ˵ͷ֮ʵ巿أ

ɫԵЩˣ̾һ֮˵ʵûѣԣֻӵʮѣҪøķ䣬Ҫĳ壬ĳ˷սȻⲢֹϵıԣҲԲȡ˺ս
࣬ƣֻǧˣȻٵģҲ㲻Ϻܶࡣ
ƺǿţܹѹǣǼ٣ǧͬʱأ
ٺ٣㲻ȥĸķ䰡
һԵлӻʵҲ˫ðʵ
ķƷ֮ǻģÿÿնҪٴȥһȦ
ȥķΣ
ЦЦĿõĺɫɫһ
ЦǰʮĴ壬ռһǣڵ֮ȣͺñǴ֮
ôң
þòǵĨȸŨˡ
ǰӲǰȻʹô֮ǣƾģǵȴܹˡ
лӻͷֱӣеֹõ˶ǿڴЦ
һҲǸӲĻɫ
һ꣬µʮǣ
Ц֮󣬷ȴ䲻ðôһ仰õĶлӻĿɿڴĿ
ֻйZɲ²ƺҲһܵ顣ԴֻҪзôһǿܹΪ֮ãһУ
ɲһջ
ķˣ
ãлӻĶʵģõķЩ̿ѡ
ôлƺûģ
ӣõʱһֱƷǲǸ˵
⡭
лӻԲ۾˺ܾ֮󣬡˼˸ӢսʵǿᣬǶ̫࣬ⲻȥ𣿡
ϵƾһУ˵ۺʵϲǰʮΪʵԵʣȴܹڳΪһԡ
ࣿǵҲ
ƳһЦȻǶŶʵ֣ھųڵһӵжٸ䣿
ӵзʵȵģңʵʵǰһǧˣҪԸ϶һѵ顣


1623 һ
캣ĵһ֣ӵа˸䣡
˷һ֮Ҳ׷Ҫʲôˡһʱ䣬ĺҲɵЩ
ȷеģֻҪӵһλǿڣǸһǻкܶͶġ
˸䡣
ưһ촽дŵĹһԷʵҪӵ۷壬׵ʵſ԰ĵ
ӵСʮأ
ڶлӻ𾪵Ŀ£ƼΪƽ³һԴըѵ
ʮ䣬Ҳ˵ҪͬʱԶʮܹһǧǿߣ

ܿͷӦ˹ѹе𺳣˵Ǿͱͬʱսʮӵߡ
ǺǣǾ鷳ָҰһ¡
΢΢һЦһǷĵɫ
û⣬Ҿ죡
Ȼ֪ô¡
ܺҵĵˣرǲȥЩǿߣƵ˼ȻҪЩԹһʰˡ
ʮ˵ʵڵģʮлӻԼĶֻ֡ȻҲɵɵĽȫʵعһЩûңʮһ㣬Ҳû˭ܹɣ
ûԥ빫Z˳ȥнܵİš
Ϣܿͱ˳ȥΪϢԣǼСʱ֮ھʹھųǣ
Ҫսʮӵߣ
Ǻεȷľ
𺳣ȻΪҲֻǻȡַˡ
Ȼô룬ǣΪϢȴ壬˻ʸĸ˶׿˵սǿ϶еġ
ңֻһջʮӵߣҲ׵İݣӶ˻ʸһѣ
ֻ۴ĸⶼһǵľ
㲻ȡ裿
ǣͷ˭Ҫһˣ³Ǻܱң󱻴
ͬʱսʮӵߣ˵ĳڣﲻֱ˵սһٰΪһٸͶʮû𡭡
ҵҪδⳡ־硣
ǶĳЦ˻ʸĲǴȴſ־磬ЩɱҲԼгƺһ졣
ֿɲ
Ϊһ仰ԸԸ⣬嶼ǱеС
УȻٲĳЩ˵Ʋ
ǻ֮ǰǳգڣ̬ȴǽȻͬ
ⲻðһ𣿽ϢɢԽ㣬ʱЧҲ͸ԣԣǰļһ˿ҲûС
˭ɵϻûжأ
ȴһǾ÷ǸӣĶһҲˣڽˮȥõ˺ջ𣬲뵽ƵǷΪǾԹҲֻʱ̻ض棬һжҪȵս֮
ҵĹԹԣҪô
ǴϻлӻԷʵĵһ仰
Щ޷ţѵΪԼڵĵһǿ
Ϊ֪ӵзһˣҲֻӵʮĸѣƵãֱӳ˼֮࣬Ҳѹû˿š
лΪڻܷ𣿡
ûһ̯֣һۡ
񡭡Ѿˡ
лӻͷЩˡ
һεսѾѰ֮ˣӮˣ壬˻ʸԻﵽ㣬֮ˣõ屻ھųǣ
ǰʮ嵱У캣İûг֮⣬ĸų⣿
ͷ̫ʢǶܵвԣõ޷ӿ巢չǿ
δɵǣҲΨһӵй塣
ǺǣֵʤǸһһ֮ȡΪʮǵİ׾١
Z΢΢һЦƺΨһһԷĵˡѾ뵽֮ˡ
Ʋ֮һۣӶЦ
ùZãûԼڣҲܹһ飬ֻпЧʻѡ
Ҫ֤ԼƴڣôԼǲҲӦЩʲô
̸֮ʱȴϲɫһС˽
ϲ°ѦϴŹ˵ǹýһ
ϲŹ֣һѾδˣڻһ
һ
лӻԲ۾һּһ鿴ƺǺܲԸš
ʲôʱҲˣ㣬ȷеСֲ
ƣݵһڱӵһĨϲɫ
һǻ˭


1624 ʮ겻Ĵʥ
Ԥϵģ뿪֮󣬲Ůл׶¹أ飬ѩĮˣܵ˵Ĳʹ
УԸСΣСȴ֮Уһֱŵȴõл׶ȼڣʾĽʺ޵۾졣
Ҳ̸ǵʽǿа֮£ǲܹڷ뿪ʱѸٵĸ
Ƕɽ֮󣬶Ϊֵʽľֵõģֱֵ̫ˣ˵ͺһƿûиɶ谭ͻˣ
ԭΪ̵ĲпᣬͻƣǾ͵ʱ˺͵£벻ͻƶˡңҲˣÿһӵвĻ
л׶һôоԼ̶˻йһͬĻ棬¶ȴõ޷ĵģ
ΪҲڣлȥҪţǿ
Ǻˮ۵СײӲ֮ڱڵĳ˻ƻˣͻңڶɽ֮󣬱ĵʦ˳ȥ
ȻɣǺҪȥģãĿǰʵҪкܴѴ
ȻΪβȥ
ÿһģϿȥǲʶԼʦĲƺԼһжǳ˽⣬Բ׼ʱĻԼ
ңֻǸԼڵĹżжûйκμأoĴ֮أֻϧԼޣõС
Щźǣĸɽٳ켫ԺԺڵʱȴûг֡
˵ûжɽ٣ܻΪʥ۷׼
Щ֮һȣ츳Ҫϲ֪ٱΪʣʥ׵ĿԶûС
ԴӷߺҲͲˣȻÿһ˶һУǱ˴ȴЩϵȴζϵˡ
㣬ϵ𣿡
۰Ͱ͵Ŀ硣
ߺεҡҡͷеĴĩĵ֮Ҳɵ̾һ֪ʦȥ
Щ֪Լ˶ٿ鴫ˣɵòƺԸһĵһ
ԼܵĿ࣬ŮǺܵǡ
Ϊ츳ϵĲ࣬ٵģΣԾԱԼ˻Ҫ
ѩĮɣһüֱҡͷ
ˣ֪ԼܵˣЩӣɱٱ
ǼصˣԼȥɣǼһǡ
Ǿһʱ̴Сγˡ
ڶһĨȻЩȲǻǿ硣
ΪһŶӣѾϰԵļжңȱٵˣҲЩ⡣
֪ƻ᲻ΪԼŮ˶ܹܵʲôĴ
棬Ȼûƭζζڿȥҵˣ
Сδ̻С
ζҲҪȥ
ЩȻĿ
ǰζһˡ
Сκĵ˵ͷ̾Ȼûз֮˼ʯˡ
ʲôЦС㻹ʮòã
ĻҪʲôһѵ˵δʮСѾӵдʥˣ
һϢѹ
Ѿģô˵ģĴҲˣŮȴӲ
Ŷˣ
¹һԼͷϣȻ浹ȥ
ԭεʽ֮жٶЩԽУǰСԼӵԽУ
ҲǾȵĺϲ£ͣȻ鶼ˡ
ˣǲʧһһӻȥԼǰɡ
ôһƮƮĻ֮һһȥˣһȺûѡ˴ԭء
ֻҪһ뵽Լ֮ǰԵĳ棬Ƕɵһ϶˼Ƥ
ֻȥˡ
̾һȫƱͨˡ
̫Ľ֮·ע࣬ǾȥҲͽͶѡ
Źֵĵʦһôãÿһ˶ʦԳУǽԼ˲׼ûùӳԡ
ߣϽߡ
¹һ𼱻ǵľͳȥһͻᱻץסһ
˶ڴʮСڰڵʱֽʲôķأ
ʲôţʲô̥֮һȶ


1625 ǣ
һʱ䣬ںܶ˵۾һһգĹ͹ȥˡ죬ھųڵǿߣȴûгɱ飬෴ģҰϻġ
ΪģǽǳǶáѧս
˻ʸ˾ܿͻ
ۿôˣѵΪӭүҽ۸¸£
Ӵ֮߳¹رǹֽһ
ǷһЩʲôŶԡ
ɨһΧ֮ѩĮԼжϡ
ĵνǰһ㳡мһܴʯ̨Щ˵Ŀģƺ̨ϡ
ӦҪսӵȨѡ
л׶һ֮ڼڵ֪Ķ԰ļ˸λϸĽ͡
ô飿
ôһ˵¹ص۾ֱӱǴǵĳ̨ȥлţôôٵٺ٣
ҲΪһľٶõԭҪȥҷƵҲֻһȥ
ʲ֪һһ
һʮ
֪Ϊⳡ̨ôǰˡ
ͣҲҪʮ档
ֻ¹أ촽֮ƺʲôһԾԡ
ֵû֣
ȻѾǴǰʽΪҵٮٮߣĺս֮ģȴһֱûм
෴ģбôˣҪйй
ҿ˾Բ˾
һȽϴ̶õףⳡսķߣƺˡ
˵ʲô
¹һʱʹҴߵ۾˹ȥȰСƣֱһѾͽ˸Сһľ
˭
ʵҲ¹ؾţȴǸоԼȫֻڲϵָֻˣʹϾֻֻСһţǻ
үүҾģôһֻ֡һָͷĻ
¹ص۾ƺֳΪʾʹ
壬㾹Ȼ˵ĶԴң
ԭЩη˵ӣԱ֮󣬶ʱٶȷȻǸȻϱڸˣշƽ壡
ָ㽭ɽ֮⣬ƺָͷһָͻȫȴûпǵԼݣǱɱˣΪʲôأ
ǵţȥȥ
仰¹ץ˵Ĳӣǻһĳųжȥ
壬˻ʸ
΢ͣͣһȺ˱㶼֪Եɡ
˻ʸ϶ǺƸ磡
뵽Ҫƣ綼ԵЩ
˵ҲȷûбܼƸǸ˵ˡ
ˡ
ѩĮҲʾͬ
飬˿϶
ǸһǻҪ󡭡
ʽУҲ̹ⰲŵģÿһ˵Ҳܵ˼޵ĴǿǴʱÿһһ׵ǿ߶ûκ⣡
Ŀǰƺƻ˦Ǽ֡
ûʱ¹رǸ˻ֽŸɾΪĿճôһСѪĻл׶ΪֻǸɶļһȥ̸̸Ķˡ
ޣһ֪ĶĸһΪԼһ
¹زмһڣҪӣλ˵ĳϣû¶ȥѡ
˵Ǹļһ˵˻ʸˣ˵᲻ǷСӰ
Ļһµİۡ
ߣζ֪ǵˡ
СγƤ񣬸ûܵӰ졣
ȻôôС
һ˷С֮󣬱һϵ֮߰
Ⱥ˭ĸ壿
ҵ죬СŮ޲ż갡ȻʹʥˣǼˣôоǶûʮӣ
˼飬ֱ漣ѵǴ̥Ϳʼģ
ѵǴ˵еʥ̥һʥף
˲࣬ǣÿһᣬҺ㣬رǱֵļйԵ¹أǳõľȻ޷ܵĻǣһԾͻʮСӾȻ߽
ʲôĵôԼͻȻԽĽȤǶСŮϾȤأ
ֻȺ˿ȥҲǺǵӣûǰɧš
ʮꣿ
Զֵ߹ķƣķ֣Щһ۵ǾȻԼˡ
Сζ
˳ڶĿ⿴˹ȥǿ˼ǣӵӰ


1626 ʱ
Сγ˲٣һͷںڵĳֱԺ󣬲ûմɰǸͯ߳СһһεĹ⻷
һԵôˣǰһ崿İٺϻȴǳҰԵСҰèվȺ֮ڣôֱۣӾεץס˷ƵߣõԭƽҲķһ
ԭᵽʱ򣬷ƲӦþǻֻȴû뵽ǾȻ֮죬ϢһҲ͵ˡ
ֻŶӵУȴȱһˡ
΢˼֮󣬷ҲȻġ
ȷȣȻҪࡣ
ʱվڵĶZлӻԼ񸮸ˣһЩʱͶ˻ʸˡ쳣ҲǺܲĿҪʲô

˿ڳ΢΢ѹѹеļ֮󣬲ûһˣǴǵֱڵȥȫѾνﵱһ߳ЩǿߡУֻӰĴڡ
ʱߵˣҲ̽ԵķʣҪʳǵֻϧǸˡ
ҲǸܵȵЩڲͬĿ⣬ͷǿһϤˣ¶һĶЦ
֪ΪΣȴӿһίһᣬбǶһ
Ƹ磡

Ϊߵ춯СҲ߹ķƣһһСŮڶȵĿ£ֱӾͳ˹ȥֱײĻС
ôŷƣ˿̶εıסƣצһɿƺһſƾͻʧһ
Сӣ
ķƳ֣¹Ҳ۾һ˸ԾԵɫ
֪ԼµĶֻжԶ
һԵл׶飬ѩĮɫһҲЩ
һЩľˣȻ˵㣬ֵ֮õġֻΪǰ飬ɾã˫֮ľӦûǴڵġ
ֻʧȥҪԽ֮ĵǣڳԽƸûǸȤˣ¹⡣Ƕֻ֪˫֮Ĳ໹ж١
֤ᶪСζܵģ
滨СŮֻٴӦһѵĲƽԼ֤֮֮СŮΪЦˡ
˷һ֮СŮܶµĴѳø硣
Բίˡ
˶ݵʱܴﵽֵزɼܵʲôĥ뵽ЩƳھξʹ
ǶΪԼΪ˸ԼĽŲԲ˵ƴ
֪һֱ֪
ֻ飬޷Ȱ裬ҲǵϽ֮ġ

ȴΪСζԷƵĳƺһ顣
ʲô֣ܹ޷ݵŮ
ʮСȻͶɹһ췣ˡǺεȵ죬ֱ˳
˻ʸĸ˶ν˻ʸһлӻѵ˻ʸˣ
ȺһЩ˻ϳ˻ĶлӻڹZΪڵĵ͵ûȥעΪǸСɫѣϾ¶ʵǺܳڡ
˻ѵ˵Щ˶壿ⲻʮĴʥҲ壿
뵽棬˶鲻Խĵһ
ôͻȻоǰ壬ҲԼʶǸˣų壬ôӵôֲǿߣ
͸ղųֵģ¹أл׶飬ѩĮ磬ѹڸǣЩܹǰһǧĸ֣
ȻǲԸţǣĿǰӦǴˡ

ò׽簲οһֱСΣŮһͬл׶ǰ
٣
¹ǰŷؿھһȭԹСӣ̫ˣÿζôɫѣ
ڷƻû͵ʱɱ˰Ŀ⣬ֱӾˡ
ǰͷĸϻвĳֻ˻ȥǽǻȦȦȥˡ
ĺʱ򡣡
л׶ЦǰֱΧЩĿ⡣
ȷʱ򡣡
ɨһˣǵЦҲŨˡ
绢
ôһֻڣϹZȥһжпˣ
ιֻ˵ҪսΪλվ̨£Ͻ
Ҫһʱ̨ϴһ˻Ƶĺ


1627 Ӿͺ
ΪҴżĺõķƴطϲõлعڵ¡
˿̨̣վʮˣĸֱӵӵߣǶʮӵߣ
һۿȥǽĿվǰϡ
ȷĸӵӵȨҪʮҪǿϲ٣ΪŴεĿ뼥õķϵɫ
СζԣȥѵˣܿģȼӾͺá
תʱ򣬷ֱ˴ȸСĺСŮæչˡ
Ҫùˣٺ١
һԶŵ¹̨Ǽĺ׵ӣΪĬ˼ӡȴܿͰڳһϷģƺҪ⼸һôġ
˻ʸһжĸˣΪһĻõǸо˴һ¶ȵĻȴɵõ˸ϻʵС
ӽɻǸ˰
ֻǳŶ˵ͷ֮Ƕһˣ̨˹ȥ
ľٶǽȫĿⶼ˹ȥ
˵ᣬȥûж棬õ౧ſ˴ʧʱļ֮ڳϹ쳹
ļһҶܹüȻȥսǰһǧǿߣ̫ԲˣһΪ˻ʸһǿлӻأǼһϵĻƻܹһһٺ١
̫ˣȻɳֻɫͶȡɣѵǲ̨֪ϣЩǿҲưոݵ𣿣
αضŪɳ׾ʱճ

ͱ濴ȥƵȷһ֮⣬ûжٳĵطҲѹֻᱻ˲ą̃ˣ˶ݵĴ֮һĸҲ̶ˣ
ʵģȻѡǣȻʹЩһҹ˻ʸĲ磬ȻʲôƢΪ¼ֲִ֮ò֣ȻǻᱻɵϲͷΣ
ڹ㳡һߣТϹվһߡ
ϰ˵ˣ
ãӲǲʵ
ţӦöزˡ
Т΢΢һ֮󣬷ǳ϶ĵ˵ͷ
Ǿٿɡ
Ȼû˵ʲôеʧ֮ȴ¶˳ֻǳڶТϵΣżվԭعۿ
磬˵飿Т׷ʵ
Ӯⳡ̨˵Ӯˣǿߺ˵ֻкôˣģҲ֮ˣ˻ʸʲôѣһ̶ϣһǻġ
Ӻƽ˵š
ȻТϵĸ磬ǣͬʱ縺Լ彻Լ񣬲ܹģ¡
ТҲûмȥĿѾ̨֮µķƵϣüͷ΢΢
ƵʵȻǿҪͬʱ൱ڶʮǰһǧǿߵĶ֣Ҳǵǡ
ѵû𣿾ȻëͷС
ǰԾ̨ķƣվǰ֮һųʵ
Ǻǡ
ƿȥûаϴĭЦݣƽ˵ΪǾöԸֻɫҾ㹻˰
⻰һõһһŭǣʱһͷųԼǿΧľХžϯһЩ̨̫˶Ʒ˳ȥ
СӣĿԣ
ղǿںʵ۾ΣյĶŷƣƺҪҳƵ
ˣЩ֮ˣʱޣһϰɣ
˫һ򿪣һǰһ֣Ե֡
Сӣ֪үүǰװƵ³
мƢ𱬵˶ʱܲˣŷƳ˹ֲû˿飬һܵĴ̶ƿΪˣȥҪһ
Ϸħ
һϷħתּ츳֮۶ɵĽɫӿȻ쳹һЩ֮һĪʱʹϱŷ
顭
˱ǿƳȥǿߣԱǳٶȸٶȱ˻ֱӾ̨ײ֮ͣȴҲˣֻ̱ֻã־ɫ
ǵʺѪתۼʧȥ˷֮ˣԵøĴۡЩá뼥ˣҲĿĿһĻþ˵


1628 ˭
ٺ٣Сɻôǿ
Զ¹صȻҲЩ𾪣ΧЩȽȴҪõĶ࣬ϾѾϰ߼ķǿƵĳˡ
һΣˣ׵õ˱ˡЩǰ𾢵ˣӦ֮󣬶ǲɵĵһ
ȻģҪӵһǧ䷿ӵȨǱӵоԵʵУʵģǸóǰһǧǿߣ
ֵȼǿߣȴ˵Ĳһǵĳ
̨ϵȺǿҲˣЩӦһǵԲ۾Ǽһ
̺ǵⶼٴС
ǰΪֻЦǴʱȴ֪ԼٲֵĻԼĳЦˣ
ǣ
Ƕվԭ¶̬һаȶֱĻȣܲм֮ɫԡ
˶࣬ЩܹһŶһŽ
ǲܵģ
ȻǲԸ⹥ôͻɣ
仰һ˵꣬ڶȻһĨɫĹâһ֣˱ǻһٵӶ˳ȥһӰֱӾɱǰĸ˵гԲѷһ
ˣ
ʵףһбǳһٴС
ȥ
ڿƿʱ˿ûаԥıǽն˳ȥŴ̶ƿڿռ仮һ׺ۣȴˡ
飡
ľʹõͷ͵һʹ˺һһһѪ֮ǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
һʵսƾͺñһͷȺе֮ȻȺǷţչֳǿʵ֮ȺǺܿˣûһ֮УǸΪûϣܵĺܿ죬ӣʣµʮ˱ûһܹվġ
һ
ǱĻڳ֮˵飬õǴϸо
̫ˣ
ٶȻԶԶĳЩǰһǧǿߣ
೰Ц˻ʸڷչ˹֮ͺˡ
ǿΪУԲһǵѡ
ԣڷƵĿɨ֮ʱ˶ĵͷȥ
ǸСŮ˵ģʱѣʱ˶ֻһЦѣڣȴûܹЦĳ
̨Ϊҵľÿһ˵Ķڳ鴤ţΪʮǿߣȻ½ǶûһĶڵˡ
ȫһܣʵĲһһ֮¾ͳ׵ʧȥ˷֮
ҵθԹԣСԽԽ̬ˣⲻ𡭡
¹صԲ۾ֹš
ļƻҪǳˡãԼҲ϶̨ϵЩһõȥ
л׶һĹȻ˵ɫ
ƴԼûаյ飬ԣǵ֪ǷƳ֮ʵѾϵ˻ôһ֡
ð
СԶǷõ˿УΨһֵóݵģҲԼܵĵˡ
һۣӶЦڣ̨ǸΨһվӳ˺ڵ⡣
ԭŶȺˣʱ˿̣Ǳ𺳵˵
Ҳ˼ҿԼҪԭΪԼ֮˰ɣ
ĬȻһ

˭ģ
ɨܣдټĳУҲûǰֲֵгֻһ˫˫η˫
ȻˣʮӵȨҾˡ
ɨһȦ֮󣬷ƳԶĶͷʾ⣬һΧʮһֱֱ̨ۣСεȥ·ϣǹ̨ɢɷȻٴαһƽˣһЦ⣬ӭԼ˹СŮ
ԼĿǰΨһŮ簮Ľ
СŮֵķƣΧеĸܵĶһҲЩ˻װģҲЩ˻Ϊ塣ЩƶںںֻСο첻֡
󣬷Ʊкл׶ˣ˹Zһ˱ǳ˻ʸԺ߶ȥһɵ۵ˡ
˶ҪĺϷȴûϵ
ֱƵıӰʧڽֽǣ˲˿һ亹ĵĶж
֪ԺھųǵĸҲᷢ޴ĸıˣһɽݶ캣ѵܹĿͷͻǱԼĵ֮
⺣İԲǺȵģ


1629 
˻ʸһδʮӣʮӵߣջʤ
Ϣһ籩㣬һСʱʱ䶼ʹھųǣõԭڵȴЦˣδ
ģ˵ӵв׵ʵ
װ붼˲ǾǺаĴڣ統е
Ȼӵʵ˲ûиߵĳߣʵ˶֪ʮ嵱п϶һȼĳǿߴڣ
ֻǣˣ徹ȻҲôһλǿߣһվǰ˶ʮӵȨ
ȻڵھųһСķ籩¼ǷƣҲ߹ϡųǵڶͷΡ
ⲢǺ£һȻǵھųǵİ캣壬Ϊڶ캣ܹݵ
ԿɼЩνĺҲǱģ
ֻƺѾܿͱϿɣֻҪһἰƣ㶼ԡڶ
캣ڡ
Ϊھųǵİھųǵκη紵ݶȻ캣ߣƵһһȻҲ⡣
ڶϢ֮캣΢̽һһЩ飬УǷƴ϶
ʱԭ캣ĸҪȥ̽ƵʵʵȴǱµʦүֹˡ
϶ѡ˳Ĭ캣ʦү˽⵽һӵʵǿߣ
ʵѾǰϵǿˣûбҪֺõ顣
ԣλ캣ʦүǿ϶Ƶʵпֹܻסʵ֤Ĳ²ȷģ
ôһλ׵ĳǿ߽񣬲һǵ飬ԣŲȥ̽
ųǵڶ
ƺ캣ĸ˲ɵһ
˲գֻһЩĵˣҪ캣λǿߵŭѡ
룬ȥʦүҡͷԵΪš
ʦүȷԼӰ
캣ĸһȽϿΰӣӵ캣ΪĻѪԲλá
Ȼ塣
ʦүǵĹâÿ϶͵캣ûгԹû캣巢ѣϵһ·
ĴΣʦүȻǰʮûκκøУΪпвǵĵλ
壬ǶûгԹҲᰭǰʮԶϵ
ǳ־صе壬ͷȵ캣壬廹ܹפУ
ʦү˵еô캣嵱ǹʹ
ôһͣ캣帺ΪȻĵ˵ͷҲ΢΢˸ΣյĹâ
壬ȻҪ캣ȥѪƴ
֮ǰų壬ȻԲ⣬ǣӵһλ׳ǿߵ壬ֻǸ㶨һˣ㹻ͷʹˡ
˵ʱһȺֵˣһδʮСŮ
Ķ飬ǹ죡
ʦүӦദ
캣帺üģҲΪ㡣
壬ȷ൱һͷǱ캣ߵһͷͻҲܹóһԴã
˲ȥ飬ҲµûĻ¼ӰһЩС壬ȥһСпܾԹģڵĵʮǣ
ʦүһֻԼĺ룬ֱӾͽƵļƻµĸ߰˰ˡ
Ҿͷˡ
캣帺ƺʦүΣֱӾ˿
ʵ˵캣Ĵ࣬ҲͬǱǰʮŸӣҲЩ½ϵ廥Ѫƴ
зƵļһδʮôǿӵʰɣǸСŮôܲʮͽʥأⲻѧ
ûпܣǸСŮȥǣҸо³пҲǸֵǾ̨ɽۻǡ
Ҿʦүģ䣡
ʦүһϵеж֮󣬱ָǣ߳˴ڣһεĶԻ

л׶һȺһֱǸһȺϻÿһӵ׵ʵԸȽųûҲ⡣
Ķ飬ǧסҪȥеĵʮǣǱ
ԣ˻ʸ´ʱЦտôһֹСС׷ͷһЩСҲ׷ǰʾԼĳġ
ӵһλǿߣֻҪ㹻ıһǲ£˭֪ԣû˭Ҫǧѷĺûᣡ


1630 㶦
Ϊ絽ƵȻĴ⡣ҲǸˣǰһʱʸ˫죬־Ů򽻵ȻûԽߣҲ̵ĺࡣʱλһȻҪ´һ
ΪһûţȴΪ¹صһȫµķ籩
л׶飬ѩĮÿսˣʮӵȨ¹ӣӵӵȨ
˵ĳս̨˵ھųеĴС壡
Ȼܹͬʱս˵ǣʵȻҲӹɣͬʱԼ˻ʸ֮˻ʸֱӾͱǵһƸߵ㣡
һλǿߣλǿߣǰʮĴ壬Ҳδظӵ˵ĵ̡
ǳ֮飬ԭǹߵų壬˿̳Ϊ˽㣬ӵĴڣ˭жĴʱҲҪˣ
˻ʸԺżҲΪÿҪء̫ˣǸСĸǰ
йZѹأƺܷģ鲻ҪΪڹZҲûԹԣƺԼĴԣŸ˹Ķǡ
ȻʵģȻܵ˻ӭǱĿĵģǱ¹˳ȥ
һڿǵھųǵˣÿ¾ǵȥ˴ܶŹһǼģǿģԣĳƺţڶ̶̼ھͱʵˡҲͷʹһһܶ˿ԶԶͶ㿪ˡ
һ۲۵ķӣ
ûף˻ʸΪλһԳ˶ĺ֣ڣǿսôͻأģڰڣ
ڶ죬ТϳˣĲֹĸˣһĸˡ
ãȻҲһͬѡӪ
ڰڣܹôǿ磬ʵҲһĳڣԣôһǿߣǲԿ
ǰȻԳӼõ˶оܵأȻҲ̸ĺǢɵͳһˣ
֮Ƴһʾˡ
ûƵݱˣܹ֮ӵ˵ķǷʵǼֻһֿԣ
֮壬֮
ңһ֮ƺͣĳɾ͡ⲻò˻֮ĻԻͣ
Ҳһ֮ѾǸħҲ˵
ÿһ֮Ȼ츳ʵǷǣƺǰԼϡ
ڶģǷѾȫԵƿ֮ʣôͿܻῪһʢ
Ȼǩ⹲ͬ˵ģȻֹѣ಻һС壬Ըˡ
ǿĲ࣬ƣл׶ˣˣ
Щĸ˻ʸܣҲǶҡѣҲѡ˻ʸ֮¡
ЩZѡһȫܣûиĳ⻯ҲûоܾԶĳ
ȻЩģ϶Ӫһ֪ıܾˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ƿǲˬҪ
˻ʸѷᣬĸ޸Ҳֻ۰Ͱ͵ĿţȻȣȴҲΪɵƣ߹Ƶ顣
˵ƣһ¹ǾͳԲ
ǰһ죬ĸ޸ڵĴԺжǷֱһûãһ˴žĸںţҪͬʱսʮӵߣ
ھųڵȻЩ췽ҹ̷Ϊ˷ڣû˶ԾĸгЦ뼥෴ģϣһ˴漣
Ϣܿʹص˷ƵĶС
ˣ
ƵϹصɫһĨս⡣
ܾûܹ־Υսˣ֪ĸǸˣʸ
ڤܹӵв֮ʵɭϹڤӵߣȻҲԼ١սӦҲЩ٣ȴǲ֪ܵ
ûκģսٴγɹĸҲ˶ǣͬʱϢɢ֮Ҳеѡĸˡ
ֹһ죬޸Ҳսʮӵߣɹ֮޸ҲǵõͣѸٵ׳
һʱڣȻĳƽ㶦϶Ǳг֣ǰǵʵֱǾԱߵһС
˭ҲԤϲ飬ԭų㣬ںܶжǿ壬ʱȴڶ̶̵ʮڳΪһȻҲ˸ȥǣЩһٵ壬Ҫ˱ᣡ


1631 Ұ
ĸ޸Ŀõİ취ȫһޡ򵥣𵽵Чǳ⡣
Դˣл׶һȺˣû˿⣬෴ģǾ֮С
㱾¶ûУǰ׷壡
˿ڣֻзƣZˣ
ĿǰѾʮ˻ʸǩЭ飡
һĽһչڷǰ
ʮȻǾѡģһʵǿ壬ҲûжôùZĻ˵ӵھڶ࣡
ܺã
Ҳ¶ϲɫֻɨһ۾صüͷͲɵһ塣
˶壬ҪͳһеģΪǻ֮϶һìܣʵսϣָԼ˾ͺԼ˴ˡ
ڣҲ֪Ҫ׵ĽʮںΪһ壬Ҳǲ̫ʵ顣
ֻǰ飬ȷоΪѣ
һȻ֮ǰĦìܣڶô壬ҪָҲѡ
Ǻǣð죬Ϳˡ
ŷƽĿԼZ΢΢һЦóһ׼õľֱӵݸ˷ơ

ǿʼϵݣƱϲɫƣкá
ZļƲߺܼ򵥣Ʋȥʮ嵱ˣֻҪʮ˹ͨþͿˡʮ壬ǹʮԼʱ¾巢ͻҲֻҪʮ´ʮ嵱ȻЩѱǣܲܲԼ˵ɣ
֣ĸ޸Ǳߵôˣ
˾֮󣬷ǶŶʵ
ĸѾʮ߰˸ˣ޸Ҳ࣬ҲǶʮңٶҲ಻˼ˡ
µõϢȫгûб
ǻռкܴơ
촽¶һĨЦ⡣
Ϊǿټ߲ûһл׶˵ǿ飬ӰϣȻ˻ʸ
ǴҪǺʮǵ𣿡
ZЦеʵ
Ȼô֧ðײãңƾڵ˻ʸҲжʤ㡣
Ƶ˵ͷһȻĵ˵ͷ
ʵҪǣԼȥ˵ڶˣһͻʧءȻ֮һûзĻᣡ
ңǳΪһеİǾͽӵǧ䣡
㹻ʮѭʹˡϾҲô׻õģһջ񣬿һˡ
ֻɭе㲻ð෴ģӰȴȥȽϺദһ㡣
ϾͬΪһ壡
Ϊ˾˵ּһ䡣
ȷ˿ʲô壬Ҫ壬϶ǻһͬ
ȻֲĳһΪ׵ʵҲûжƣ෴ģ㶦ҪԸ壬ҪǿĶ֡ĳ˵ҲһȽͷʹ顣
ԣڿԶʱɭӰĶ֣ƾͻö־ȻǶ⣬һҪһ£ֻ֣Ṧ±
Уȥϵǡ
վǼҴҵܳҡ
ģɭ߲Ӱڰڵĸˡ
λʣλڰڵô
ƴŵЦݣƽ͵ʵҵ˼ǣλ״𣿡
ȷӵмʮսǿ룬Ѿܹǰһٵ֮УǣǰʮȻкܴĲġ
λ϶㣬λҲ㣡
ʮָ沢£һصֱǣϵ˵ҺȷĸǣҲ㣬ҵĵһĿǽʮǸڶĿģǽçһ۸
һͷͻһͷ˵ޣõжɵһݣ
ӵ֮壬ǰʮ壬һûӵбϿɵ
νȻܹµˣڵʱݺ磬ܹȺվ۷ϵЩˣ
ӵλȻҲ١ԣƴʱҽצĴ塣
Щǳ֪˭֪Ǳжǿߣƴ̫ڵ壬ܹӵһһۣʵѾ㹻ˣٶ̫̰ˡ
λԽҵⷬתλԸĻڼ̸
һ̸Уĸ޸λһ仰Ҳû˵ǸԻصԼĴԺС


1632 ʦ
Ԥϵеģĸ޸λӦ
Ͼһһ뿪Ȼһߣпܴľһлֱӱ
ȻһĻļҵףܹס
ţڶȻڶ⻹ǻһµģϾ˭ɵȥ˳˲ɵ¡
ԣȻ䣬ʥѧǿѾǩЭ飡
һȻʮǵս飡
˻ʸĸ޸ͬǩµһֽս飬ʱѾݷ帺˵ϣ
帺˿һǳ̵飬Ѿһٿ壬ȻٴԼ
ŭ֮˵ھų顭
ⲻ黹ãһɾһ
ͬʱսʮӵߣһʤʲôһ
ΪˣҲУ
ӵʵˣѹ徹Ȼ˵ţ
帺ɫǰϸĿֽϼµ嶯̬
ȻܲѾǲȥļ󣬲ƺѾչĲˡ
Ǿһֻܺӵڰ½ЩҲѡ˵Ļпڶʱ³ǰʮ
Ǿǿߵĺ
뿿ں֮ھ뺳ĵλǾʹشˣ
帺һգֽűǱɷĩ䣬ϣһں˸Ž·
ΪǰʮĴ壬ȻҲ˲СΪãۻʵȻͣ

ܿģϢڵھųʮǱ￪壬ƺҲƣصͷ˵ʮʱʮ
ʱе˾޴ĺ䶯
սһǵİǶûзˣ붼ȥ»˶£
ǣǿƵ壬ȴ£Ҫȡĵλ
õĺ֮ܶ࣬ͬʱҲоĪ
ȻҲ˵˫֮һ֮ĴսǽܣǲòʮǣȻְ㲻
Ҳˣ˶ܹԤʮ֮󽫻ᷢĴսˡ
ֳԲıȡʤǶ֪Լ۸ˡ
ҲΪϢھųǵİ캣帺ˣҲ˿
٣ܹȷ岢ԸԼ캣壡

໣ǰӣүүǣ
˻ʸԺԶǴһͷڵĺֵϵ·εҡҡͷƺѾϰֺˡ
˵ģȻ¹أϴڤĹڵ飬õͻһἰ壬Ҫǹƥĳȥɱһء
л׶飬ѩĮˣҲͬȫ޺øС
Ͼϴοǲ㱻ˣ
һ˶Ħȭƣȴ٣Ȼɱķ
ôһ֧ĬȴﵽزĶ飬ǷսϣԻΪһ̨Ѫȵշ
ǶԷֳǿߣȻң
Уûô׶ԸƴܾˣҲزסʮǣ˱ˡ
һԵĹZӣĵš
λ
¹ԼӦʲôȡ帺˵ͷ­䲻ôһ䣬ʱܲˬĳŹZʵ
֣񣡡
ɫһ࣬ǳ
ȻվصĽܵλǵľʦZԺԴҪǶԴԼһ
ʦ
¹ذ۾ǺĴŹZǶŷʵСӣö˶˵ģҪʦ
ãʲô·ƾˣҪʦǶģ
㣬л׶˶ΪȻĵ˵ͷֻѩĮZ֮ϳء
Zûʲô⣬ǸƽΪڰڣѩĮʱҲܹ֮ݣҲֻˡ
ӷƵУһЩͬѰܹ÷дžƺˣͬڣǵһ
ѩĮ
ѩĮһڽԼҶ¶Ѻõ΢Ц

磡
ΪƵӣȻҲоǰʦ϶ܲ򵥡
Ρ
ҽ֮СδЩ۵ҽţЦƸǳӨ͸Сͷ
л׶
飡
¹أԺ۸㣬žˣ
ڸо˶Լʱ¹һϴģǰĹZļһš


1633 ƻ
ǾͶлˡ
Zû෴ģĿǰŶӵַΧҲܣ֪ΪΣоȻ״ӵҪ뵽Ŷӵеĳ嶯
ٺ٣
ˣ¹رǸΪˣƺΪԵãһӱǽʦշˣԼǲǰ©ˡ
ֱƵһۣĥĥĻصԼλϡ
ʦĻеҲҪǵģ
һɫĶ˵š
ȷڿ϶кüǰʮѾ׼ãԼƴĲʱͻȻ֣ʤʵ
岻ˣΪĳԹͺԶʱڱǴڡԣҪ׵Ľ壬еĻҪѣ
ǰСӣסң
¹һҺǿǰǸҵģ
̲пѵ£ĲȷܵõļʵʱڤǸʱҪǿʮ
֪ûס㣡
ûĵһۣȻ˵ʦ˵
ӵҲһǧ
Zسһϵе׼ȷ֣ǴŴݲȵǳǳЦ⡣
Ȼƺܶ嶼ͶǣЩս壬˿ȴǼϡ٣еٵֻмʮˣҲһ٣ɻǺ١
ңǧսȥ϶һ֧֮õǧ˾ͲˣǵʵȻ⣡
˵彻սսֻһ˵ӣ屶£Ҫȡʤǿɲ׵飬һҪ
Թԣͦġ
¹ؾգҲʲô
л׶ˣǶüͷˡ
ʱ˼ĴܿԼⷽļλǿߣȻΧľӣһȫûпɱԣ
ʱ򷴹ѵԼ˾ܹɱ˼𣿣
ǱҪǵ⣬Լߵ˵Ҳ͸ģҲԲܻԼƲá
ʦôܻʤ
л׶޽⣬ʤ㣬ǿʵ
ʵҪʤ˵Ҳѣ˵ҲףҪҪλġ
ǰļˣZһĨ͡
һЩϸ΢ĶϣԿĳһĬŶӣÿһԱ֮ǿȷУһǳСЩ棬ֻĵʦһʲô
ǣ
л׶˶һеĿⶼڴ˼ڹZϡ
ˣϽ˵ܲ˱ˣ
¹رԹţץģǿŷһֱڵ˼Ҫһ¹Zͷ­ƿװľʲôˡ
ⷽ϶壬ԣĸλǳսϣֻӦԷʽһɳǿǣǽսΧסǣȻ˺սĥɱ
˶٣һɫ£Zֽ˵Ҷ˽⣬ΪĳޣѡһֿԻռٷ֮ʮ
ֿԺ˵ֻҪսֻ·һ
¹صԲ۾ϸһ£ȴҲ޴ӷ
ǵҲһ
Z΢΢һЦȻ˵ѵѾ֪˻˼ƻǻҪɵɵǹײ𣿡
¹֮󣬶ʱðһ伫ΪƵĻ˼Ǿʹڼˣ
ȻܳȥǾֻдڼȫˡ
ֱ𼱣ʦ˵
ƶЩʱҲû뵽ʲôõĶԲߣֻܽϣڹZˡ
Ҹղ˵ˣλȡʤĹؼ
ZһĪЦ⣬λҷУ˶ԼλĳӦò˽⣬ֻҪλֿڴнУ𲻻ۣλĿģǶԷÿһ֧еСӳֻнһ֧鵱еĺ֧ҲͲΪˡ
һֻȻһ˵ָӣǣָÿһ֧СӣϰԼĶӳָӣһӳɱֻǻãĿĵҴܣԼ͡
˵˰죬ԭǽȥ˰ٺ١ϲ̼
¹һ֮˫ð⡣
ҲȷÿһѾǿˣֳϣÿһ˶ܹԱҲȷûбҪһֱ̫ۣӾͻΪԷĿꡣֿ֮ããУֻҪֵı̫ˣܹ֤ϳ
֣
ӲƴĻ̫ԿˣΨܹѸٵĽս£


1634 

Ʊ۾ϸ˼ֿԡ
ĿǰԣΨһѡҪɱɾҲǼܵ飡
˲෴ģΪзıӻǵڳˣƴԼ߷ǵܹռˣ෴ܳԿ
ңǽȫԼ߻ܹʣ¶٣ֵ֮Щ˵壿
Ҫ֪ЩʵҲͣʮĴڣֻҪһСģ﷭Ŀܣ
ȻƻҪʩչҪɹҲôס
ѵԷû뵽Լ𣿣
ôǳԵĵԷܲԣԼɭӰ˳ֻ»ԷȾ׼õ嵱С
У˭˵Լȥ磿
ѵ
뵽˹Zǰ˵ԺһĨ⣬˹ZΪ˵л׶˲ⳡսµĹؼˡ
л׶¹صȻǿ֮󣬻ûпܻᱻҳƻɭӰˣһ֣ǻΪصעҪ͵ϮѶе

潻սҪȡöƼǲܵġ
¹һ׷£ZҲЩεӡ
УΪʦжء
¹غܲмƲƲǣ˵
Zȴ΢ЦŶûȥǿʲô
ȥǵͬǶţ٣˷ѿѡ
֮󣬹ZǽһЩսеϸڣȻҲǿ˷ɭӰ˵Ҫԡ
ǿ϶ҪֵģΪԷҲ׼ּĶ֣ԶǿߵŶ׼ԸǣǲֽЩ˽ڼǺܲģ
ֶֻ·λŶᴩȥȻӹ˵ʱ߲ҪסӣҲ׷ĻֻҪһ˰ˣԷĴͻ졭ܷЩˣҪֶˡ
Z˵ţսѾһ͸
֪֪˵͸ս£ҲģֻܽʧͣٵĴȡЧ
š
Ƶ˵ͷһƬˡ
սϣǽĸץסҲ޼£ԷľӲ˶ȫͶ෴ģֻҶѡ
ҵĴȻ׶ԸǣҲÿƣȡΧ˵ķʽ֧ͻᷢ񣬵ʱԼҲʧء
һ·ǾͲƴѡܣԸ෴ľ͸ˡ
ˣʱô죬мλˡ
Zһϯȥ֮󣬲ûҵκεĲ֮Ƶͷǽƻ
֮ƻȻɶ͸ĸ޸ͳһ׼ʮʼһս£
Ȼʮ䣬ҲûҪȥתתͷ
ϴԴڵ飬񶼻ǵãɲΪԼǺܵϮ
Ⲣǲܵ飬Ѿսûʲôġ
ˣҲڷƵķԸ£ûб¶ʵĻǵȫҲһա
Ͼ˭ܹԤϵĵεεС˻ӵֿµʵأ
ʱԽԽӽˣѡ񿿽壬һλᣬ㲻ˣʱֻҪܹλĴȣҲù
ԣ˿ڵھų⣬ԸԽԽˣȻʱ·ϲƽΪZԤϺõ£һȫµ·ߣ󲿷嶼ǰȻ˵ھųǡ
Ȼ֮以Щìܣڸ帺˵Ŀ£Ҳûгֻҵľ档
롣
гԹгԹ屻˫ܹȻ¡
ʱĺܿ죬Ϊ飬˶ûгȥɱ顣ڵڰʱ򣬴ˣŵʮǰ
ƺƵ˵Ĵǰ֮ʱ涼Ϊ֮𶯣̳𣬳濴ȥġ
оٶȲ죬˲ΪӪ׼
ȻҲչZ£Ȼ˵̽ڼǣ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ᲻һͻϮ
ƺܷͬʱҲŹZὫз涼ǽȥκε©
нУҲɭӰ
Ȼûмкǣ˴˶Ѿµ˶Էݡ
ڣƲǲǰ֮ѾҪˣҪǣģڰ˱һΣֻܸĻȡˣ
ǺĲҲڱ˵ıӻ£ǵҪƿԼУ


1635 ֮
ڣ粢ûжҹǿգǷǵ㣬Բµգ׵¹к£ƺΪǰĵ·
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ򣬼ƬƮ˹ģԲסʱ䣬رһƬڰС
ûͣ½Ų֧鲢жУɭӰȻפڶǰСĵĴΧĶ
ƽµĲӲǺܿ죬ÿһ̤ʵϣŲᣬҲ֪ǹ⻹⣬϶ǻһСӡ΢΢ನɢܣΧһнԱ֪
⿴Ʋߣʵһ·Ѿʶ˼ʮڵ»ԱߺӵеϮˡ
ЩרҵϮߣȻÿһγֵĲ࣬ǣĿȴǺȷҪնɱĸͷ
ǵԭⲢǺѵ飬ֻϧǰͱʶƣȻʲô˶ûռȪˡ
Ҳûж¹̶о·ߵԵʣȻϮԲֹôһ㡣ֺͷÿһ̶пܱ䶯·ߵо·;ϣϮǲϣϮɱ׷׵ǳ
źΪֻزûг֣ɱ񸮵˵Ҳûг֣ôһ֧Ҳ϶ʳѰ
ƽԲס֮󣬷ƵⲻɵһߵĲӣɵıࡣ
ΧǹľǴԭʼֵУΪûйߣнУ΢һЩɧҡ
õķƸǽ
ʱ׳£ɳһ֧Сӹ͵ϮɲСĻңԴ˿̣ˣʱ׼Ӧһпܻᷢ顣
˭
󣬴һЩٵĽŲתһĨâ֮΢˿
ô
͵簮û˿ڡ
Сζʧˣû⡭
ЩٵĴϢţгڴż
ʧˣ
üͷһ壬뿪˴վߣܿ˴н·ߣȻǴںڰеĴһ˫ӾȻҹһ財
ãջĿ⣬һż˵ȱ̫żˣСζµģԱ
ʵ̫ˣҪҳһȷеѶȡƣҲΪѰСζôͣ
ңСοɲͨСӣҲ̵ѵȻƲ̹̽һЩʲôȻ̾СѾܹһ棬˵ڵСѾӵ˲л׶˵ʵ
ңӵ϶СΣǸƲϣũҩԿ־綾һմϾ綾·һ
ڸңСζôʧģ
ƽ֮󣬷Ʋʵ
ΪĴнлֵ⣬ԷƱǽл׶˰ڶ鵱УԷһ
ʱ˵ȥ·ߵĻ䣬ɫͻȻˣǰȥңȴûԭˡ
ЩңץŷƵ䣬۾Щ졣
ȻСο϶ˣ

ͻأģһҽǴԶԭʼдħС
ȫͣԭأκ˲뿪Υ߸ɱۣ
ӷƿдѾŲҽԴӶȥһ˫۾ʯϴźڵɱ⡣
Ϊͣÿһ˶СɨԼΧĺڰûж˺Ҫ֪ҽоô¡
һ·ĸϮɱǧٹ֣û˻ΪԼķʧȥԼ

Ƭ̣ҽˣƺʲôֲһĲҽУЯŨŨĿ־塣
ƵٶȺܿ죬ڴел׶Ҳû뿪飬ûԼְûзƵҲǲ׵뿪ԼڵλõģȻһϮû˿ƣ
ԣʱŷƵģֻһˣڴдţٵĽӽҽеĵص㡣
һСŮһ̵̻ĿΧԼˣϣĸڲҽУȴðʧ
ģʲôǼѾץסΪλ
һ˳оȻǴһΪδ֪Ŀ־Ĳ
Ȼ֪СŮܲǣȴûϵ֮ļ֡
ѵǡ
һ˿ĸȥˣ³һЩߡ
ⶾδҲ̫˰ɣǿﵽ׵زĺ֣С޾ʲôͷȻӵ˿µľ綾
ǰƺ־ˣǰСŮʹߡ
ܵˣ϶ѾһɱǵҲһ룡
˵һ׳˶Ӱͳĺһ֮󣬰γһ˸˸ĳֱӾͳСŮ˹ȥ


1636 ȫǰ
ǻˣ
ųԼСƺӻҵƽĿ׳˶Ӱ
Ȼ󣬾Ĳ࣬ʱľ棬ҲץһЩͷǰЩƺץԼߵģ
ˣ
׳˶Ӱ¶һĨЦСһµ֮ôƺң
ֻǣȴûע⵽ںڰУǰǸСŮһ˫ȫڣһСħŮһ
ȥɣ
׳˶Ӱƺ쵽ڽӽ˷ʱˣеĳֱӳСŮͷ­ȥ

һնȥǵЦֱӾھǴ㵵ɫ
ΪСŮܹʧȥټһȫ˵ϡ
ңˣӦܵͷ
ҪѰҵСŮټʱһ۵ԶȻֻúһ飬ʱ˱ȫʧȥжһָͷƶһ룬ôֱͦͦĵȥڣǿ־ɫ
İɱ飬ǰɱĳԱ˴εĿģǰǰСŮ
ȻΪСεĹϵع˳Ϊвƣרһ龫ԸСΣ
ǣȴûϵ龹Ȼݱ״ǰСŮĻҪֵĶࡣѾʧȥǵĿƣ
ɱ
ʣµһĨɱ⣬ǳɭһͷǳŸλϮСΣʶСŮ֮ǲٽ
ˣҪȫյͷ
Сڵĺâһɼۿɼںڱŷϯ˷
˺󣡡
ƺ൱Ϊ׵˵ͺţӰˣܿСŮιԶԶĿΧǼڻ˵Ĳľһ񺮣ϷһżƤ
жѾʧܣĿ̫ǿߣ
Ϊ֮һѾͣľӣϣ˾
ȻˣǾ°ɣ
Ҫߵʱһǵ·ϣõһǾĿǸ
Сζû°ɣ
һȽϽСӰԶӶСߣĸСŮ޼ţڷֺ߲ûȱʲô֮󣬲˿һߺ޵Ŀųֵˡ
ôҲû뵽ôһգ۵ʱ䣬ԷץСΣСԼЩ룡
ͻΧ
һͺˣͬķӶȥˮûаͣ͡
˵ˣ£
·Ǹ߳ķƣһƬ䣬˵䣬һƣ˱ǻһӰ
顭
ٴα˻ڵϣѾǳ࣬ˡ
ȴСζᵽУﴦ¡
Ըһ֮󣬷Ʋǰ
С뿪֮Ǵεб쳹һĲҽж͹һ
ãϮ
һ߰ĽУǰ˴ɧңƲòǰеٵĸ˹ȥ
һεϮȽ϶࣬ˣڵӽֱֺӾͳ˴ڣ˾ɱһѪתۼ䣬мʮ˵ȥ
ңܵϮĻֹ˻ʸ֧һߵľĸҲͬܵϮ˴Ӳײ˴ڣո
һεϮĶʿ֮Ⱥ͵ϮʿǱˡ
һʮ߸˵Ҳмʮˡ
ZһԸƻ㱨ţɫѿ
ΪԼ뿪ǰɵģȻҪһ룡Ϊаţĸ˲ûдڴǰ෴ģڴУԲõЩɱ߸ûͷʮδɱ˴һЩĿǰΪֹû帺ʧ
ҲǲеĴˡ
ȷǾ͸ڵһЩ
Щ΢˻Ƶ˵һ仰ڵĺŨˡ
Ŀ꾹ȻСΣ
Ǽ˽ֵȻ֪ԸСεһˣȻʮϮǿһ飡
ӿоٶȣ֮ǰһҪִʮǣ
ŷһ£ȫʱܶ䣬ضڻζǧѸٵԭʼֵдš
;Уܵ˼ϮÿһζѸٵıѹˣͲûĻңʵһʱ֮ڵĴһٽʮǵĸߵϡ


1637 ʿ
ڣеİ֪֮Ѿжûзˣûĸӵкʮʵ
սսȴǷˣ
ǳڵƽϵĴʮڵ˼ϢˣȻԶҲҴһڡ
һ۶ɵƣһܹģ֮ǿ˵顣
ڵʮڵ˲ʣ⻹Լ䵱֪Ǹ𣿣
˵֪ڣųģκ飬ҲֻһζãǿƵĴǿֲʵĸо
ֱһ̣˲ţҪսʮǵİˣ
˿̣ڵʮǵĳǽϣĸ뼸ĸ߲վһԶĴǳĬ
壬Ȼô͵ִˣѵ˵ЩϮû𵽶𣿡
帺ɫһüͷ£
Ϊ˾ܵܵ谭ѡ˲ٵľ񣬿ϧоٶڸһУûܵӰ졣
֪ǼɹûС
һĨڴ
Ǹƻܹɹ˵͵ڱն֮һ
ûϢ𣿡
ԶĴѾ͵Ӫ帺ͲסһԵľʦʵ
ľʦһȥЩֵӣԲԲֵӺܰףһ˫â˸׺ŷֵϣ࿴ȥȻײ࣬ȴӵֺ֮Ƶʦ
˵ַƻǳֱʣǻһ϶ΪϮҲˡ
ȻȴǱΪ¼ˣԹĹZ
޶о·ߣõǱ⣬ΪȾǱһص㣬ȴı˷ǱҲͽͶѡ
Ǹʱʼֺ֪Ĵͬһıڣ
ʵΪ䣬ܶ˼˻мıһ˵ƾʵǿѹȡʤȻֳϣǻһ׳ǹпܸ˵ʮǣ
ʧˡ
Զɵֺ̾һ
ǸƻѵҲûгɹ𣿡
帺Щĵʵ
ֺĿһۣüͷɵ΢΢Ȼǿڽ͵ڻܰİӪʣ˵ڴвûҪʧԣеķӦֻһЩССϺѡ
쵰Ȼʮ겻СӶ㲻
帺˲ɵİһųǽһڡ
ʵЩףԼѡľ񣬾ȻС¶첻˵ǸСŮ°ȻСŮ㲻
ƻȻʧˣǾ֮ˣ׼һսɣ
仰֮վߵ½뿪֮󣬵ʮڱ쳹һĽŲƺƵĴӳڿгʮڵʮ֮ǰ
һǧˣһһ٣ŶͣһɱϢӿͬʱҲԶע⡣
Ҫ壬ֻҲҪ˽ǰ
ĴƵ˵ɫɡ
˿Ļ廹Ŷԣ˵һƼǧеġ
Լߣ㣬Ҳһǧ˶ѣ
˼ҪԼǿӲͷ𣿡
Zɨһ֮ЦЦ˵
͵ս£ʿǺҪһ飬ڣ;һ·ϸܵ˶ϮԱ£ʱټĳ棬ʿһٵЩˣΪսʤ壬иĸ˰ţֻҪˡ
ֻ̫ˣңҲûһĺģȻ岻
л֣֣ʱˣȥ档
ƴһΧ֮һĨ˼֮󣬱ͻȻĶл׶¹طԸ
ģ˭ҵԴ
¹ĵı֤ţĵġ顯졣
٣
ŲӰɭһ֮󣬷ƽһ֣˱ͬһֻһ𣬴һĪֱӾͳŵʮǰȥ
һٶྪɲĿ⣬ڵʮ˶֮ΪΪ
һǿҲֻ·һ
ԣܶ˶׷һٶڣ
ણ
һƾھ֮ǰһǧ״


1638 ǰ
˿̣Զ˶ɵס˺Ŀ⣬ǷǴ֮ǰǵӰ֮ϡ
˵ľٶõͷվڳǽϵֺҲĬˡ
һ˻ʸǸǿߣǴϮӦûǷˡ
帺˵Ŀͣڷã૳һĨâȻǾȳ
ȵȡ
һԵֺֹΪɻĿ£͵˼ȻҳڴǰӦԱУˣңҲһЩҪĻңʱҷǺܲġ

һ˼֮帺ȻģҲò㡣
һǿ߲ô׶ԸʱȻӵвСƣǣƴˣ廹ʣʲôʲôЩӵʮǵ壿
ԣʱΪ帺Ǻ֮ǣΪº󲻹ܽΣʵ󻡶ȵĽͣ

˭һս
ͻأĴӷƿдȻ󣬵ȴܹʮǡ
һ仰սĻ
ΪûеõҲֻվԭأǺ޺޵Ŀǰǵˣ޲ǰ֮˺顣
Ȼֵȴһֱûдõ˶ɵĿǽϵǼӰ
壬ѵһս֮˶û𣿣
΢΢һƣ˳Ļٴδ
嶼ȺûֵĻث֣
ϣ¹شĳЦΧʿڣһá
ث֣ث֣
ҲôȻûһ˸ҳս

һУ˶Ŀ־ֱӾͽͣѪǣ޲ھͳȥɱһ
ʿбǻţһɨ֮ǰЩеǵҲʧ١
ʵж֤£һ˶ܹӦԣ
ģ
ֳ棬帺˲ɵĿڴһ䣬ȻһԵֺʵô죿ѵĿǰҰ
Ȼᡣ
ֺһ˫֥С۾ûϵķ˵һҪʿֻҪ˽ɱ߻ܣʿ෴ĸȵףʱͲΪˣ
Ŷ
帺һĨ⣬ͷһһӿӿݵ˵裬ˣ
ģһὫһͷ­ժ
ӿӿݵ΢΢һ¶һĨЦֱ֮ӳǽԾ£ֱŷƳȥ
裡
ʮڣ˿֮󶼲ɵľȻǶݺ
ǰǿߣ˵һʵϣӵзķͬ׵Ķ֣Ҳ޷Ƴķ
ΪӦͻȻ壬Ѿڵĸȫٻˡ
˵Ҳ׸֣ⳡս½ֺ˵ˡ
ţĿⶼǷڿٽӽƵϡһԵǿߣ岻ļֽɫһͷʹпܣûԸһļһΪУ
Сӣȥɣ
ڽӽƵʱڵĳУһӣеĳͬ߰㣬˵ƿֱӳŷؿȥ
ʱһվԭأɫƽĿԽԽӽĳ
ϣ
ӵ֮һȭױǳڷƵһ˫ȭͷϣɫƺŻȼգǳ鶯

˦ĳֱ֣Ӿץס
ҹ
ϷħתڽɫȣХһƴȣ˫͵ֱһקǰǿһȻĿ⣬ȴɼĳǰײȥ
ȥɣ
ӽӽķƣԭŻɫͻȻıǱһſеĳ֮ϸǲһ˸Žâķģͬʱиǳһɷ۶ɵ˳ɳֱӴƵؿڡ
һʵҲˣ
ֻϧڷûпңƽɫеܲϵķĲɵٴʵһЩ
ƣûжܣеĳһ΢΢룬ʱһǿƱǴ


1639 
ȭ
ϮɱƲû˺벽΢΢룬˱ͬһͷް㱩ȭͷֱӾײǱɷ۶ɵ
ˣף˿Ǵʿʤʿܣʿ
ԣԼˣӲܰܣ
ֱ
΢΢һ֮϶ʱǱһǿҵɱ⣬һ䣬еʱǿٵתŷһ̶ƿֻɫȭͷҵײһ
̣
һը쵱УӴһǣɫʱͱˣţϵɱЦһ˲Ǳʹ࣬ǰһƬͨ죬˸ǱƷɣ߸ߵһ۵ѪУҵʮ˲ͣ
ȫžߵʮǳڹۿⳡսµˣĿɿڴ˵
ˣܵĺܿ죬ĺܶ˸ûзӦǼѾС
һЩϬˣǿĿ˫ײһ˲䣬еǱˣֱ۱ֱӱѪϵķ׻Ҳһ˲ȫˡ
ܣ
̫ܵףܵûа㷴֮ڽӴһ˲䣬ͰˣĹΪķͳͳݻˣ
ķСӣ
Ӫڣ¹صһӦ˹ʱǴĺ
ʤʤʤ
еĿںűĸ֣쳹ģ
УǼһ֪԰ڣ
ĸӪɭƲƲ죬ҲûֹĶ
ô˵ΪƵľٶӸղŵѪʵ
޸ӰƽվϵɷȫǽߣҲûܹܵ紦Ѫɭĸо
⼸ĴĿɲֹһ㣬ҲӦȫƿصļ
ⲻܣôôѸٵİͬУ
ߴĻõ帺˷Ӧ˹ЩסҡͷܣһԵֺҡͷ
帺ˣͷܴ֮⣬ϲûжٿȡ֮
ͷʹͷʹǰ⼬ֵ黹ҪС
ҲֹףҲ۷壡
ֺǶصɤõ帺ƽͷ
Ӹղŵ˫ֵ貢ûзʧ˵ֵʵԶԶĸ߹
˶٣ֺ侲ķʵ׳ףķףнҲܹԿԣҪô۷壬Ҫôܻ߽ף
һõ帺ˣǿߵɫʱ
һܻ߽׵ĵˣõѹһɽһԴϢ
ǿߣǷսҲ˿ɵʱԼߵĸ߲пܻᱻɱɾ
Ⱥ׵ľûκģֻҪԲһɵͻɾջܣ
徹Ȼֲεǿߣ˭
帺˵ĻУŵĲͫ¶һĨǳǳĿ־塣
һԭѹһ׵ˣȻܹӳ߽׵ʵɼʵжôĿֲǷ磬ͬ˭ܿ
ѾڰˣֻҪûֹܹͿѸٵĳɳһɾʥ۷塭ֳ棬ȥ
ʵǳԵһڰ޵Уôʹܹݺ½ܵ
ܹӵʵˣֻһ֮֡壡
ֺЩѵĽԼеĲ˵˳
Ȼձʵƫͣû嶼е츳ǣ֮ǿӹɣҲûܹǵǿһ֣Ĵڣ
֮壬˻ʸѵӵ֮壿
һǿ߾ͫڳſ־ɫ
ƺ뵽ԼĹżϼأ֮壬һˣǽɨڣʮǿ֮һȻλһжûп
ֻƬ棬ܹܵĵʱλϷɣ
޷Ǹˣĸ涼ʱԭнݻٵʵǲ֪ΪΣȴûô
ܣ֮Ҳ֮ǿܹ֮ﵽ׵ĵزѾǼˣ
帺ҡͷϣȻܲԸţǣҲЩˣоԼסˣһͷк֮ɱ


1640 
ǰķƣ帺˿ڸǵĽԼĵɱ¶˳
ǴһʲôأΪ߲ĺܡ֮ǰĳԹǾԲܻģҲᷢչһĵز
Ȼ˵Բһ£
ԣֻܳûȫɳ֮ǰ
ȻҪһ߽֮ˣ̸ף٣Ҳһܹ߽׵
ֻˡ
۾˼ã帺ƺǾʲôйһǿߣ߷Ըһ֮󣬵ݸһָ߱ǿٵʧڳǽϡ
֮壬ٺ٣Ǿһ졣
һѪĻȣȻмΪŭȴòѹȻһԵֺʵô죿
Ϊܣ߲ĳĬʿ䵽˼㡣෴ģԶߵϵʱʿˣһߺšʤģѾƵǴĺġ
ܶʱ˶ҪһһСսϣûһУȫͻûһ
ղһԼ˶壬֪βܹȡʤ
ӵзƣɭӰּǿߣ֮彻սԱذܣ
ǳԵһΪûУ֪ҪβܹȡʤʵͿ˵ֻȱ꣡
ȻƵľٶںڰеһյƣεУҲͳΪУΪģ˵ֻҪƻڣʿǲ䣡
к˸һս
Ʋûȥնɱʧȥһ۵裬ҴƵٴδд
ȻûȴѾûвл׶˶ʵܹ֮ɵҪȥðǸա
ԴҲΪԼܹǴȫ湥Ҳֻķݡԣ˿һֱעųǽһڸ߲Ķ̬ʱ׼ȥ
ĿѾﵽˣʿǣֻҪԼ˫֮ʿͻγһ޴ķֻҪڣʿͻܵѹƣһħϣѹס
Ȼ帺ȴҲûиõİ취ֻѯֺʦˡ
˱ȥȻҾʤҲǲʤҪԱһϣ
ֺжϣǷֵȴǹһĨΣȻص帺ˣ˲ñ𶯾ӣʱӺʿɱԴңȥҲһܴĴҪָҲһһϦ
һϯõ帺üͷɨܣɫȥ
費Ƕ֣⼸ҲԺòȥɲԸԼд󽫾ô˼ҷˡĻˣʧȥߵ⼸λǿߣҲʧȥվ۷ʸ
ֻλ˳ˡ
ƺãһģߵĸַԸһ֮ǼҴҵ뿪˳ǽ
ùһӣ˳ǽϡ
ӴһߣȻµӣ¶ϢȴڸˣԻûʮ꣡
ʮĴʥǿߣǷ綼֮ӻȴ壬ɼ츳ݵĲ
ˣˣҲ֮塣
帺˵ͷϹźˮȥֱߵӣ˵õжһ
ߵӣǲûмֺڶһĨɫ
Ȼ֮ǰľʦҲûмߵӡ
帺˶̬ȣȻ˵ǷңֻʵҲǼĿֲ
֮𣿡
Ŀ£һЩ˻Ƶƺһ¡
ǵĴˣ˻ʸңһͻҷ׳׵裬ʵӦ۷ϡ
վԱߣ帺ƺܵһɺǿҵѹһ˶վֱͷϵĺˮǲϵӿ
߽벻Ǹų壬Ȼܹӵǿߡ
˻ƵƺЩп˶٣һɼΪϢǴϱŷǾս
ʹ˳ˣ
帺һĨϲɫƺûϵλ˾Ȼ֡
ȻʱߵȴѾһƬҶӳǽƮ縡Ƽ㣬ûдŰĳŷ۽˹ȥ


1641 ǿ
ӵĳ֣ļžͬǳ˶ݵļž
˭
ͬҶأƲʮɣôŷƣ˻Ƶ֮´
һ΢ȻҲ߽׵ǿߣ˸оⰡ
֮͸¶һŨŨزмƺûаѷƷڣӻһΧʿ÷ҡҡͷ
ʱƾٴҲǿǿߣ˳֮󣬹ZüͷͻȻֱⳡս˱ʣôԭпܾͳϡ
ΪԼһֱûеϣ
Z΢˫ڶǿɨӶɻƺҲ֪˵ͷ
ĵô
ͬҲǰУȻԷκϢҲΪԼ˼ɵ֮ġ
һ߽׵ǿߣϧôһ΢壡
ƺûƵʣʼնûаѷƵһ£
ƣѾģҪţ
¹ֱӵشĴ£ڸߺţʿﵽһ۷壡

ң
ЩʿźƵ΢΢Ҫ̶ֳȵʿΨܹӳٷ֮ٵʵ
ϻˣνʲô֮
Ƶ쳹ȫս⣬â˸˸һһǰȥÿ߳һսⶼһֲߣ
ޣƺżŵӿսⱬķƣͫ΢ƺǶŷеĹۡ
һ̣ʧɫһƱеȻڶͬ˯صѰ㡣
ϵ޷Զ죬Զһָ̬ɨӹɱ쳹ս
ϰ徹ȻҲ壬վѪϴˣ³
ƵͬعİͷϣȻһ߽׵ǿߣ
̸ܣ߽ǿߣص湻ˣ¹ؿӵͷţʱǾ㵲ѣһδ֪߽ǿսÿǷͬСɣſŤתսֵ
Zɫ΢䣬ϵĴ𽥱һȡ߽ǿһֱûб˹ûκι˵ϡ
Ǵģ
ͬģ⻹ĺܶˣΪǶǲ֪ԼгôһǿߣƬ֮ҲǷӦ˹Ļô߽׵ǿ֣߳ôܹնɱ˶ԷĴ죡
վڳǽ֮ϵֺʱҲʧȥ侲ôͻȻֵһ߽ǿߣʱս˵ŤתǬ¶ԷıٸھԵʵǰһжģ
ˣλǿǡֺɫԱߵ帺ˣƺԼز²⵽ǿߵвȷ
帺˿еӰһû´ʵǿߣ˵֮е֮壡
ֺɫǰ㣬ǳˣⳡսĽѾעˣƾǸ֮ôǿҲ޷λ
ߣ滹λô¶ģ뵽Щ΢嶼ƣһ̫ãҪõѪȵֶȥ塣
ֺʱʧȥΪһʦǷȱ侲ͷЩͬһ㡣
ƴʱȻǲ֪ǰе˵ԷҲͬΪ߽ǿߣ˿壬߽Σһս֪˽
֮壬ʵĺܣǵ½նɱˣЩȥôоأڰգŷƣһĨ̵Ļȡ
ΪʢʱֶԹһֱ˵ѪҺ֮УУһ֣Ҫֳûе
ǰܹѹ壬Ȼܹս˿ΪԷ߽׾η壬ֱӱǶж֣

÷˵ƺǷŭˣ˫֮͸¶˵ɱ⣬Ҫ÷̵ķʽǰȥ
Ψſ֤վһ΢ѣȻǳ֮壬Ҳһų壡


1642 ս
ʱ˿̣еƱʱս֮УƵĳսԼľɱ⽻֯һ
εƲϵײõսһֳصѹָУΨвӰɭ˲Ϊ˵ɫࡣ
һ̣е嶯ˣ˵ƽ£Ҫȷˣ
ƲǣеһĹ˸һɫȭױԶеֱۣͬһ˵ľް

˫΢Уһâֵɻû¹˭һһƳɫͬâǸȭͷ˲γɳȭף
һȭɫâͬһ㣬֮ռ䶼΢ŤеһĹײһ
䣡
Źâ֯ײ˵ͳıը죬һεԶǿ߶Ǹܵľ
̶ֳȵĽѾǳģӷƺǿ࿹⣡
һĻZ˲һӾⳡսֵΪ仯أֻҪֹܹôһнпܣ
СӺģſ¹ؿ龰һʱ֮ʿٶ˲١
ɭŲӰһۣɫûб仯пûնɱ˶Է߽ǿߣǾǳ֡
ˣ֮ôǿ᣿ֺʦһ˫ϸһϸߣ΢ǵص
ߣ֮壬֮ǰǲһλ˿ǻûжĵƣĸ˲̵Ц
ȭͷ˵Ӱ˲Ǵʱе֮ɫѾǻ࣬ΪڷƵϸܵһֵвС
ʲô֮壬ҲǱնɱѣвмһٶȹɱǰ
ȭ
΢˺벽ƣʱͬҰһ㣬ԿԾһȭкȥ
ɫηԷȻܹΪĵƣӵеֶβֹôһ֣ԼҪսپؽս
΢壬ȥɣһеĹͬһ㣬ת
䣡
˵ȭͷٶȶԺ䣬ʱеȭ֮תĹʱͬһסƵȭͷ
һ̣ɫ΢䣬ΪĹƺһصǾǸʴ
ûоеĳȭбʴļ󣬵ľҪȴԼȭͷЩĹزƣ޷
̧ͷӵһ𣬿˶Էеľɱ⣬һ
Ϸħ
аȵӵǾ䣬Լ徹ȻǲܿƵŷƳȥ
ģȻ֪ô£Ҳ֪ԲԼŷƵȭͷչȥǴǹײˡ
߽׵ǿߣҲ޷ϷħľŲ岻ŷƿ£ȥ
ৣ
ƵȺݺݵ̧ͬ޺ɨֱӵسӵ֮ϣǿֱӵؽ߷ɳȥ
ӱ߷ɣЩĹȻҲ޷ųȭףǿԽ
û˺˼Ƴһеȭͷֹâƺ࣬ɵüͷ΢壬ղڹǺܹ죬ŵˡ
ģ
߷ɳȥкòײסԼ壬Ŵܾûʹ޷ƽ
֮û˿Ǳ
һҪ
нص˸ĹȭױøǲתĹͬԸʴһ㣬˿˶ĺ
ƣСĵ㣬ûв´ĻӾ֮壡ԲСӣ
ʱZĴ÷ƵüͷȻԲ²Էȴû뵽ȻҲ֮塣
Էеȭ׿ʥΪ֮˲ǿƿأиʴ
Ȼ²˶ԷݣôZȻѸٵص֮һϢ
Ҿ˵һΪʲôɱô֮ѹȺǿߣһ뱨ˣ
Ƶ΢΢̣ս͸ֵڴˣԷȻҲ֮壬ԷȭϾиʴһеĹеԶԸ
ʱѾٴɱڵعɱȭϵĹͬһ㣬ͣڿ
Ƹܵ־иʴһемɵ˼֣ʤʥǸʴԲӲӲ


1643 
ӵٶȷǳؿ죬˲Ѿ˷ƵǰԶȭͷ֮˸Ĺ⣬ͬһͷ˵ľޡ
ƵϣûѡӲ岻ϵغˣһһεرܿӵĹƣ
һ龰ڲ֪ǿУȻһǳһϲֵǿ߻ѣŷƺ޻֮ɵ÷׷׺Ȳʡ
˵ûɣ֮ôԿ壬ߣһ㸯ʴûм֮ˣǰ̫ɵʲô壡
ڳǽ֮ϣĸ˿¶˿ϲ飬ȥöþܹԾԵǿƻǿߣ
Ӣ˶࣬һԺ󿴻˭ôǣֺʦҲЦ
ʱǣռϷ磬͵ΣƺڴǰǺɨ壡
ʱ˿̣Ĵ֮У¶ǳɫ׷עſһ϶Ӱ
ģȥɲǸ취¹üͷҲûκΰ취ȥӣҲֻôһ취
ɭӰɫûʲô仯ֶΣΪǣȻǿӦֻΪ壬ڻûг׵֮ǰ޷ӳ̫ܡ
ÿһζӵĹƼ䵽ǰʱͶȥһӱף˵עŷơ
ͳ˻ӣսô
ƲƲ죬ûĻϣⲻǶԷļѣԼûдǹײȥ
ιԼ찡ÿξͲôһˡװεӵиŭѡ
ģһҪʬΣ
ս֮вϵػӵķŭǿ߶ؿϷһĻ
ƽӵ仯վ۵ףﰵЦŭɣٷŭ㣬ŭʧȥǡ
ƺоӲŭڶͬʱʱʱسԷ̣ԱöԷӲȶ
ι˵ǰǱɨ֪֪
˵ǸʱҲ֮壬ǱһƸѹˣΪ֮Ѫ֪²
֮ķ̻ﲻϵشӷ˵ȻԽԽŭӡ
ǿ߾ôڲϵ׷ɱǿ˷ƵĻ̲סЦ
ܿ죬Цȫеǿ߶ǴЦ¹ضǲصޣ˵ʲô֮壬ֵӰϣ涪ˣ
԰ѹǰѹ޵֣̫ǿ̫
ЩڶǿߵĶУÿɫȵĲÿ
Ϊʷÿһ˵ĳ裡֮ԳΪУܴԭһ£
ģЩ̫ˣȻҪҡǵľôĸҲûиղŵЦݣҧгݵǲ϶ķƣݺݵصС˶㻹ʲô
ˣȥ²ǰ취ֺʦһ˫ϸƷչȥҲܾǷᶯҡԼеλ֮ǻΪľ޴󣬴ӶӰ쵽ս֡
ˣҪ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡ᴭŴص׷ɱоһЩ֧±ǳŷŭȡ
ԭ˰ǲˡͻȻͣ壬¶Цݡ
ʲô
ͫ΢΢ƾȻͣҲʲôֱӵسǰеȭٶȱǿơ
ӾƵ΢΢Ĺ⼴֮ǰ촽ᶯ
Ϸħ
һ̣Ƶ嶯ˣеĳȭ͵رȵĹâ·ǿ˫ۡ
ӵһʱǲԼ徹Ȼ޷ˣ±ͫһﰵ
Ȼ̧ͷǿһִ۵Ĺâ̫ͬԼĺ
䣡
ȭӴػӣʱͬߵķݰӰеȥ
һĻǿߵУʱսǼžӵصڵϣһЩ
ˣ
ڶǿؿһĻˣʵš
Ƭ̵ļžڱƣĻһֽݵ۹⿴ŷƵıӰ
һλǿߣ


1644 
γǿҵĳԱȣ߻ǱߣЩ˿ʼͷɥ߽׵ǿ߶ǲУǻô
ˣ⡭ֺʦе޷ǰһĻԼ֮徹ȻǱ֮ܣ
ĸǹ˰ǻعʹҡҡͷܣ֮ôأԲܣ
ƾβţǰһĻȴǻط֮壬߽׵ǿ߾ȻҰУ
֮УZƺе㲻֮ôˣǿ֮尡ɲǰèοһ߽׵ǿߣô׵ܣ
٣ôʲôСӾӮˣ¹عЦԱߵСĻ֮и˵ýСȭȵͣ
˷ܵȣΪȴɽüͷڲﲻԾԷôһ֮壬ô׵ػܣҲ̫һ˰ɣ
û¡
ͻȻ֮䣬ɭŲӰͬһʱѿڶʱڰյķȴɫ͵һ䣬Ƶӵĵط
оһϢ𽥵ƺһħ˽Ҫһ㡣
ɵ壬Ҫȫᣡ
һŭڷƵ֮бǳһӰӰٶȷǳؿ죬ǰٶȻҪϼ֣
̺ĹȻƲСӣ»ȭٴηǿ̬ٴγһ
飡
һƸӵؾˣԶǿ߶̲ס˺˼
ӵͬʱڿеŵŵŵغɫЩԷƺǿ˲١
̧ͷȥУղŵǸǳһѺۣüĶ£Եøӵؿֲ
ι߶Ƶˣժôѵǳó޷ˣƲƲԷΪȻΪ߽ףҲ޷С
÷䣬Ļ˵ŭŷƣƬ̺󣬲Żص޷ġ
֮󣬲˷Ƶ仯ֱӵذַԼѺ۵֮ϡ
ÿһ֮嶼һߣΪ֮ʸǿķ޷õ
֮ӱڷ΢֮лժԼߣ¶һ󣬲Ѿ޷óݵòˣƾԻΪԼǰ֮һĹ
ӵʵòƵ΢΢鴤˰죬ǶȤζص֪Ϊʲôϲߣԭǳ̫ˡ
֮屻һ仰Ļ޲ϰɱˣ֮еǿǿòɵ¶˱ĵɫ
̫ˣ޷ݵĳò߳ȥֱǿ˰Сοޱȵò֮󣬶̲סĻ
ĳǽ֮ϣֺʦ帺˶̲ס̾˿һΪ֪ÿһ֮壬òޱȣ˶һߣһòΪѹڵķΪ壬ǿȻҲǷ츳
Ȼλ˶ȡߣô˵׼˷Ǹ֮ǿҲŷ̵Ŀܣ
帺˸̾Ϊв˵Ȼ֪֮ܡ
ʱӵüĴ˸һɫģƺ̺ص޷ӡ
ҵģսս嶼صޱȵòֱǿˡ
΢΢鴤Ҳӣŷ츳ӳ֣ԷӳǿһпܳΪսء
ʱӵü֮һɫķĲϵ˸Źâ𽥵˵϶ǸֳطģЩĽ֯һ𣬱鲼ȫеһ˫˸ĹȭҲ໤ںһ
һĻƲɫøأ˽⣬ķƺӦò㣬ǰ֮ǹ졣
һ̣˫͵رâ˶Ǳһɫķ֣鲼ȫȭףЩĽ˸ͣͬһת㡣
ģ
һӿдЩɫķĺһ㣬ϲϵתǳ׵سͣ


1645 ս
һ˸ķģȥнʸУɵһһֲɴݻٵӾ
ңЩɫ·ͣϵҲǶȻһɿǿֲϢӶһͷһĿ£̫Щɼĳź󷽵
˿̣ǵʮϵˣԶ˵ĿⶼǼϡ
Ѿ䣬¶һżӣΪŭųȥһͷӵӳħһ}ˣ˼ȥֱӡ
ϵԶ˶¶ǵɫ
ǰûʹ÷ĵ£Ѿܹӳ߽׵ʵڣ۳Լı֮ʵֵָز
Ȼ޷شķģȴܹǵǱ
ԣɭӰ˿ɫ
˿֮壬ϲǣֻУԷȴΪӵзĵķռƣ
ȻΪһʱٲȻѾΪʿ֧ܣʲôĺһ
ԣɭ˿ҲԸư
һҲ֪ǲ֮壬ңǣЩͰҲô
ɭૣЩԼû֡
֮Ȼǿǣ֮ȣȴҪ࣬ԣʱƾ֮壬Ҳ֮Ķ֡
ʮڵ𾪣Ҳû뵽徹ȻּǿߣõİһЩС˼Ҳ̻̲
̶ֳȵǿǳ֣ǧ֮ȡףһ£ԣӵ˵ƵΪУǿ϶ûкùӳԵģ

ƵɫҲɵܹĵԷԴ۳֮ƣѾгԽԼļˡ
벻ȻֵּĶ֡
ȻôţڵĽɫȴǷӵľˣڷƵ϶ǶһɫĹΡͬʱһĪƱ𣬷ƵҲиߴࡣ
ս
ܾûйս⣬һ̳׵ı˳ƵڷԳһѪ˿һɱͬʱӶ
ǵöû˼Լսˣ˿̣ӸѹսȻȻתһɲս⣬бŷʱһʵľһ㴣Ϊˡ
Сѣ
һĨ֮󣬶ʱٴα⣬΢΢һƲ֮󣬽͵һ壬˱ڿԾ𣬻һٵĳơ
֮
˴ڰգ۴Ŀӿ³һɫ۶ɵǱУӳ˵ɷ
ɣ
帺ǹһĨЦȭͷݺݵĻţڳſȡ
һԣǿȻ֮壬ǿ֮ˣţѾ۳ĵӣضκθҵǰˣᱻշ飡
ߣ
΢΢һһ죬³ɱ
ս⿪棬һɫĳֱڷУâ¶һ񽣣ɱȻ
أ
ûκԥƽ΢΢һ֣˱ǻһͷͻŽɫĳɱ˹ȥ

ɫ۶ɵɫĳײһԤϵĳ沢ûг֣еĽɫûѣ˫ײһ𣬾ȻǱŷһֽӵ֮
ХŴ֮䱬һЩ̫֮˶ʱǸƼ㱻Ʒ˳ȥΪģȻγһСӡ
ֲµˣ˲ɵһ
ӣû۳ĵʱѾﵽ߽׵ʵȻʱȴκβ˷ƣ˵ӵв̣
ܣ
ƮȻȥķƣųªϾǴ㵵ɫǲţ侹ȻܹԼ࿹
ǱȣȴǱĻ֮˵Ǽĸ߰һɫǵͨ졣
СӹȻǺģǳ
¹ظЩ޲ȥɱһ
ѵѾƿ֮壿
ɭӰһۣ˵ɫ
֮ʵζйϸļأʱӳʵѾԶԶĳ֮


1646 ˽
ôܣγģǾԲܵ飡
帺ԾͲܹܣܹ֮ʵһԵֺ˿ҲһĿɿڴ
֮壬ļ£Ҳǿߣܹ˵츳ܹǿߣ
ֹǣʮڵƺ޷ʵϣû˳Ѿ޷ݴʱԼˡ
˻ʸ֮壬ѵ֮ת
ãֺ૳
ȻǲԸϣǣ֮ǰ岢ȫˣʵ
Ǹѵʱ᲻ǿи𣿣
֮İȻ뿪˵ʱˣ񣬵һĻֻҪ֣
ȻʱƷſ籩Ĺһֳһɫ۶ɵĳЯž˵ɷϮƵÿһҪӰ
ȻƵٶȴսּ츳֮۶ɵĽɫǲеĳйأ˿ңȻŷս⣬ֽսУһЩ
ս⣬ڽţ
Ȼʱȴûע⵽ЩУΨһ֣ս
ģһôܣ
ڵܼȥҲȶǱɫЯľս⣬òȫԶԡ
ȻΪľǣƵĹƺһαһˣ
ֺǿҵĸоڱǿۿɼٶԼʵ
ָоһɿ־޷⣬ڰڣ˾Ȼܹȥ
Ȼڵȴò˵жԣңԷ壡
ܲ˵ĵط
ǿ𣬽ݺݵĲڽ£ݳ裬ǡ
֮壬һҪ
һĨɱ⣬һģԼͷҧȥοٵĳźȴ
ͣ
һѪеɫ֮ϣûе䣬෴ģȻǱˣ
Ѫƿ
Ѫ³ɷڵ
ˣ
һ쳹ϵɫľȻǻ˹һûмϣǸ˳ĳʵʰĴڣɫĹâ֮䣬żһĨѪֶ
Ȼƴʹƣ
帺ɫһ䣬Укˮ
ʹƵĴۣͬʱҲΪλ˵ƴҪһеĳǰǿУ
ȻʱȻٴαǰδеȴûΪ˵ĿⶼڷϣƺҪ֪ǿߣȥһɱС
һħӣڲûа⣬ս¼䣬еĳ˼֡
ңϣɫͼķʽĲȫȥһɫսһβƣ
ȥɣħӡ
һ˫۾ڲѪ˿ԵЩ˹Ъһ֮£ƯɫıǶģȻ۳һħͷ
޴Ķħͷ֮ߣģԼ䣬ǴһЩǺ֮ɷڣΧγһ⡣
Ȼܹӡ
˾ڶ͸¶˼ɫ
Ҫ֪ڰڣش֮ԣһЩ֮⣬κҪش֮۵似ʹã
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽֮壬ȻǿУԷ۳һӡҪѹƣ
Ѿ˽ʵ
ѩĮжϣɫЩ
˭ܹ뵽ܹ۳һӡԼʵٴһʵѾȵѹƷˡ
ô˵ĶΨСΣԼĵ
ӡ
ƺҲЩֱէ֣΢΢ЩϢһѹ۳ĴӡǴžɷŷײ˹ȥ
˽𣿡
һ΢΢룬˱ǻһ㼤˳ȥеĽⳤǺԥıնѹĴӡ
̣
һ쵱УеĳֱӾͱˣһĪϣǲҲһɲѷ죬Ҳֱ׷˳ȥ
ŵŵš
ʮ󲽣һܵӣƲǶΣؿһƣһѪ˳ȻӲ˻ȥǣɫȴǱЩ԰ס


1647 
ս֮϶ʱһֹļž߶ǼһħӰĲ졣
˽ǿߣ
һ߽ǿ߶Ťתս֣οһ˽ǿߣZ¶Ȼ֮ɫһԼʧˣԷȻа˽׵ǿ֣߳
ǸȻа˽׵ʵСΣˣ¹¶ż֮ɫ˽ǿߣʲô޷Ĵڡ
ɭвӰһۣ˸еĵģ԰˽׵ǿߣҲûκεİո˵ʤ
Ϊô˻Ƶսõеǿ߶ɫȷյλݺ޵еѾ䣬Ҳûԭ֮һ
Ȼ֮壬ھԵʵǰҲͬһСѣӵƣԾԵѹƷơ
ɭͲӰɫ΢䣬ڴƵģ÷ƵĳӶһٻơ
¶֮ɫʱ׼ų֣Ƿڶǰܣɵĺ޷ġ
Ǻǣ˵ôҲʱǲ״̬ɡ
ù󣬷Ʋǻ̧ͷزõǵѪеսһ㣬ɲ
ڰ棬ܹӳȷҳԾҲһЩصĴ۰ɡ
ƿǰһս⣬ƺضΪ֮һսһη壬ȻԷǰ˽ǿΣ
˵
ӵͫһĨƺǱ˵㣬ȷͬ˵һ㣬ڰ֮ΪҲ߽۷ѣŶ֮ıģǿﵽ˰˽ףҪۣ״ֻ̬ܹһʱ̣֮״̬ʱ˵Ƿƣһǿ߶Խ֮նɱ
ô̤ǰһϵĽɫٴα鲼ȫһǰسӶȥ
·
¶֮ɫϵɫٴת۳һŷƽսһ
һʽħӡ״̬Ҳֻܶζѣûаտɱơ
⣬ȥĻ˵ͻˣʱȻܵɵĺ
ڳǽ֮ϣĸ¶֮ɫȻǺӶõĺһƵˣôǲ룡
Աߵֺƺ֪ԣһ˫ϸгһߣ˲ײһ侲صˣҸо֮ƺɢ
ԣĸɫһ䣬æϸϸظķ֣ӵϢȻڼȻ̶ֳȽû˿ԲǶ֮ͬ˵ǿ˵ϸĹ۲죬ǿԹۿõ
Ըȥ׼֣Բ˳κ⣡ĸ̱֮˵ж壬ʲô⣬Բܳеġ
ܹ״̬֮նɱȻãƴ˵ʮеҪס֮壡
һɫӰɫӰڿдÿһνĿֲԶͲǿԽӴĲΡ
ٺ٣ڼΪķеԲɫøӲ԰ף֮еսһ
ӵɫüΪͬ˵һ㣬Լڵʼ˼Ҳ֧Ŷá
뵽ԼɢҪܵķɣеӵŨƬ֮ƺϵâڷڣ
һĻƵɫ𽥵رأ֪ԷڴһˣһҪôǻԼҪôǱƵɣ
ˣһйǷֳʤ
Żٶ۳һѽɫ˵ƴﵽһ۷塣
˵ƶǿ߽ǰӪߣZ΢˫Ƭ̵ǵ׼ְɣ½ξͿһΡ
¹ص˽ǵ˵ͷС۾ſеӰһԲ
֪ͨɭͲӰˣҲʱ׼ֻҪһֱֹӶ֮նɱԲӻȥ
ǷֳһȥӦƣһνֹ󣬷ƻ״̬
һһԹZдȥһεĹǣΣҪ˵Ľֽˣ
ͬʱǱߵǿǱǵ¸ԼҲҪסӵİȫ


1648 
ϵɫâϵۣͬһ㣬Ĺâռ˰߲񷡣
ӵͫײѪ˿ƺڳž޴ʹ㣬Ӵۡ
ħӡ
Ъ˹ǱòʱӵؿֲŤ¶˵ɱ⣬еƷһ̣ѹ˸оһڰԵֲ̫ˣ
ƳĬ֮еļ֮ת㣬սһ໥ںϣ۳һתŽâĳȫʻγɣԼ֮п֮
˵Ʒֱռ˰߲񷣬˶񾪲ǿԺɨ˰һ㣬߽۷˽׵˭ܹ赲
ȥɣ
ɫеɫٴ۳Ϊһͬħ̬ͬһ
£ʱɷ죬еĶħӡشŲ赲ѹ£
սһɱ
Ƶͳغһ˽ǰδе۷״̬еĽɫƺնƲش̳
һɫĽâʱʣеĶħӡ֯һӴನʱɢս
̶ֳȵɢõò꣬ͬʱɭвӰ˵Ӱƶֱӱڷ򣬾˵ɱ˽׵ǿߣҪ
ڴͬʱŸֳҪӦ֮壬Բʲôʧ
ɭԼӰĳ֣ĸɫʱͱˣ߽׵ǿߣ
ʱҪץʲôʱֳ߽ǿߣȫ˳
֮ǿ߷׷ǳĿȻɭԼӰˡ
ս
ڹZʾ֮£¹Ǹߺһеǿ߷׷ǰɱʱл׶иǶնɱ֮ɭȥҪľǰѷƸȫӦ
ղŵһҲûаٷְٵܹ֪ƴʱĴҲõȥ
ҪȥȵС캰ȴûжΪǹZһ԰˶Ǳ¶ȥҪ֪ѿ
л׶˵ĳ֣ڶǿ߾㵣⼸˵ս۷壬Ǵﵽ߽׵ıԵǺľʲôʱôǿߣ
ģĸɫ䣬ȫʧˣӿֵ⼸ǿߴسϣ֮岻֪Σ¡
Ӱɭ˵ͬʱرս˵ѹһУǰһЩǿ߽Ǳǵָնɱ޷γƬ̵
˵߽һڿеѸ½Ӱɱ
Ӵʱ״̬⵽㣬ʩչ˵ڶħӡ֮ڵʼɢһ״̬
ɶȻ޷նɱôֹ֮ͫһĨʣȻ״̬֮£ǲƵϢ̴档
һХսϯʣһ˸ŽâӰ͵رֳһѲȱĳӴȥ
ôܣͫ׽ôܹŶ֮סҲ״̬ôˣ
ɭӰһĻ¶죬Ƶ̶ֳȻܹһս֮ô
ƴʱȥΪǱɫγɵ׽һ룬սͼ֮γɵĳǶһأ
Ψһǣеսɲ𣬷ǸӵǿңеΨһͷɱӣ
ܹģȻܹеĲȱĳٴ۶ս⿪棬ˡ
սӣӵһ¶˾ֵ飬ǷԲѷƷϣǴʱԼƵһ״̬ǷƵĶ֣
ЩǿٶҲûôǸˣɭԼӰ˽죬ȥ
ƴˣһĨ񣬶Է֮⻹߽׵ǿڻԼûʲôѣɱһرɱ׬ˣ
Ѫ۵͵һӵɫʼٵͣǸֶȥͬһħ㣬ɫķѪҺƣһָӺ˵𽥵س֡
ͬھƵһĨмеĳȻ£һ貵Ľâǻʣ


1649 
һɫĽâ޿ɴݻ٣ǿ˲ǲս⣬Ӹû˿ܹܵĿܣ
ǰ֮ô
ʱѾǷ˵ֿһȫʢʱڵаܹ״̬޷ȥһ
ӿһĨʣʱǳһ֮壬ѹһû뵽һĻȷ֣һּȲʡ
ľܣǰ˵ϣоһΣ֮壬׵Ϊһ֮ȴǿԷӳΪǿʵһ
Ҳôɳģ
ӵӱһַɫռݣ뵽÷ɳȥ۷ʱڵĻԻͣôжԹͱȻǵһù
ӵ弱ٵͣʱһ㣬̬ɫķϲϵ˸һּΣյĸо
䣡
ӵĺ֮дʱ˿̽ɫĽâѾƿնն
䣡
һ̣ӵһѪֲķǿ߶ܵӰ죬׷Ѫˡ
ƣ
ʱǿֲɭԼӰˣϾ˽ǿԱɲǿԳܵģͬҪȥӦƵл׶ʱûа취ֻؿŷƱһѪ֡

СοվɵþͬŮǲɵסԼĺ촽˽ǿߵԱƻô
վڳǽ֮ϵ帺˿һĻһʱ֮ز֪˵ʲô֮Ȼٴΰˣһͬһ㣬֮ϣ
֮ϣȴǱ˱ƵԱԺڶ೤Ͻ
帺˵ɫ𽥵ر÷Ŀ¶֮ɫſѪ飬Ƭ֮Ǵս
ȫ˸ɱɱ壡ϧһд۶ҪɱǸǿߣ
ͬʱڵʮ֮ٴθâһЩǿǳ֣Щĸ壬ʱǱ帺˸ٹ
ݻһܷŹ
帺ŭԾ˰գǼսȦ֮С
¹أ͸˳ս
ZѸٵطʱĴǷˣȻһ嶼ǻˡ
¹˷ܵزˣùZô˵ֱӵس˳ȥڰ֮ס帺ˣߴսһ
ЩӦٻĸǲǿߣֻ֮ϲû˵˵ƽľ档
ʦΪʲôǼսüܵķƵ֪Ρ
Īڳս֮ǰǷԸǼһҪΪĵϾӮʤ֮󣬻Ҫ͵ϮZɫصصĲûе
һ㣬ʮռ˵ʮǣ֮ӵʮʵģƽʱûл淢˫ս֮ʣͻȻغһţ廹嶼޷ֽ
µġСؿ˰еһѪֻûע⵽˫𽥵ӿһĨâֺâĺ
ʱ˿̵սһֻս״̬ǿ߶ɱһ˫ɱۣƽʱͽԹʱȻг𱨳ԩԹ
ɱΪעĿľɭԼӰˣɫᣬ֮ȻոһȺ˵
߽ΪǿǰЩЧͬл׶Լ˶ӲɱһѪ·
ϵ۶մѪһû˻Ϊս
¹帺ɱһ˵Ϊ൱һʱԷֳʱһǿ߽ɭԼӰնɱɾˣ˿ǿ˭Ϊǿֱ˸Աߣֶնɱ˿顣
Ǹĸ˸նˣZл׶˺ɳ֮壬ǰƻضҪı䣬Ҫľǰ߸˸Ѹնɱ˻ңܹѸٵػʤ
л׶Ÿһۣ˵ͷӰһ˸帺ߡ
˵¹ضʱˣµĶ֣ǹ
ϻֱնɱл׶ɫص


1650 
¹ٲԸҲòл׶϶帺Ϸ˹ܿǿ߱˵С
帺˵䣬˻֮УЩǰĸǿʼ˳ˡ
һʱ֮䣬ʿÿ˽ٷ֮ٵʵնɱһһǿߡ
ս֮Ѿԣⷽ챻նɱʿѹƵͬɥ֮Ȯ㡣
ǿ߽ɱۺ죬ϸ˵ڶǿԽɱԽͣĵһ㣬ĵλһֱǴͣȴǿԵսʮǣ
һǰ룬ȴˣ
ǹZ˼ޱȣһЩڹ۲ⳡսǸо죬û뵽һܹɹ
ɭԼӰڳУܣѾûǿ߸ҿǣֱ൱ɱĴڣ߽׵ΪսޱȵĴڡ
ڽڽڰˣû赲֮ǰԮĸΪ˱ʧֱӵس룬˵УİǱȻġ
Ȼʱл׶ҲǽעڰеһѪ֮У¶ǵɫȥôãƱȴûа㷴Ӧ
Ƭ̺Ѫ͵ըһɫâӰȻǷƣʱ¶˼Ϊһ棬ڿбֶ޷ֱֱص¡
л׶һعֱӵ˸ǰһѽƽסֺ϶ˣɫΪ԰ס
û°ɣл׶ʵ
û󰭣İɡƱǱ˫ũҩ֮תȫЩ˿ڶһۿɼٶڻָ
󣬷ƲصһǲӵĵΪӱ֮壬յķиʴͬղŵԱѪ̺˼Ϊֲĸʴ
ĿֲָʴҲͷʹޱȣҵЩѪҺܿɢڿУǱʧ
û£˶һС¶ЦݵҾ֪ģ
ʣµǿ߿ͬûһϵľɫ֮أ˽ǿߵԱûܽԷʧȥܹһȺƻ
ֺʦصڳǽ֮УȻıʱ˿Ҳû˻֮ذɣ
ˣ
֮£Ψз˳˵źţҲûа취ľٶȥʧȥ죬ЩǰĸǲսˣǸս
ǿ߱Ͳ࣬ʱսȥԼ⼸ǿĻᱻԷɱ
ˣ˻سйأ
ֺһһЩǿ֮󣬽ͬɥ֮ȮذӻسУǴδ飬һƽʱϰȴǴ仨ˮôʵ
֮вɱۺǿ߿˳ߣ̬һ𣬲˼׷ɱȥǲŹʹˮĻᣡ
ȻһĻZüͷǰһĻȷ˵ʤǣǹƣĪ׷
ȫͣ
ܿ죬Z·ʱ˿̷ǻص˹ZߣֶԲߡ
ԷڿسڲϳˡZüͷȥʵҪƵʮǿҪĴҪ
̫޳Ⱥһ򲻹Ͷ棡¹غݺݵҧǻûйء
Ҳûа취ģԷΪʮǵӵߣѡڳأ޷ƣôһεսȻʧܣZεص
üͷ壬ȥɲǰ취ֵزȻǲܷģ֮嶼ǱԼնɱˣǰ֧ԮĸǱȳˣʱ򲻳ûһµʮǣǻҪʲôʱ
Ȼʱս֮ͻȻسѹѹһȺһȺ֣ռ˲ͬΨһĹͬ𽥵رƽ˵ʮǣ
Щĳ֣ǰZͫ׽Щһô
Ƶԣ۹ȥ½½سʮʮÿһǽӽɼȻ׼Ѿá
ЩЩǰʮôƵ𽥵һһɨӶһĨЦ
ûֹǰʮһЩǰʮڵҲûˮ㣬̫ɶˣZŭص˭ڼɹʱȴ˳ʤʵʱ򣬶кɫ


1651 ǿ
Ļ壡
ɴ壡
壡
ZɫЩ볡𽥱أЩ֮ǰʮ壬ȴһĳ
ЩģҪʱô¹ߵصл׶ţͳȥЩ˴һ
ҲѹǣϾһжκ˵Īǻֲһһ֮»á΢˫ɫĲ԰֮ɫ𽥵ȥڵũҩ֮𽥵ػָ
Ҫô죬ѵҪ˫ְѵʮǸͳȥл׶üͷЩ壬л
ҪóȥЦɴӲ£ʮǱҪ£һҪһ־ǿ̬£
ʦӦжԲ˰ɣתͷŹZЦʱŹZĴ㡣
ҡеȣ¶˸ĪЦݣƣӦҲ˶Բߣѵô
ƶʱЦ⹫Zò˵ΪһʦȷǷǳϸ񣬵Ǵӻóһ壬Ӷ顣
֮ս֮½ٳЩһǿ£壬ʱս֮еձǱ΢
ʱֵȻ˻ʸ˹ϵˣ廹Ƿ׷׸
ÿ嶼ŸԵĸ˴죬ЩһһŷƼ棬йЭ飬һ˻壬˶Ҫǰ
ЩһˣϾܹµʮǣΪ˻ʸǣõĺôҲٵȥԶԶسõĵλ
Щ֮лһЩ˶˻ʸŲǴ˿̹жû뷨˻ʸ嶼ǰǸˣ˵ʮǵ嶼˾档
ɨһǰ壬Ե˵ͷһƾڶ壬벻ռ·硣
ٺ٣޸Ǳǲ󣬰ѸԵĸ嶼ˡл׶Ƴһ֮Ц
ȷ˻ʸĸ֮ɭͲӰȻͬľٶʱս֮У𽥵ռľ棡
߰ɣǼҲʱȥЩǰ˵һˣ΢΢ƫͷЦҪľԾǿƵ̬µʮǣ
Ĵ֮£ƴŮСΣ¹أл׶Ƚߵ˵ʮǰĿյأﻹڶ಻ڻ
ʱɭвӰһԲվ˳Ȼ֪˷ƵĴ㣬ûվһ𣬶Ǳһʵľ룬ΪҲŸԵĽ
Щ˵ĳ֣һЩǿ߷׷˽֪ҪʲôЩûпǰսȻ֪ƿƴ˽ǿߣǲ֪һȺ˽߽׵ǿߣ
λվڵʮǰĿյأһ£Ϊӳ֮´սʱЩӵڸȥ
սʮǣȷǲƺе㲻ϹذɣЦŵ˸帺˵ϡ
Ϊ˭ȻôҸ˵
ƵʱЩһЩǿߴʥʵëͷСӣҴүʲô£岻һСѣյʮǣ
ʱ˺ܶ˵ĸͣһʱ֮ĻﶼǴõòǿɫòôÿƵ˵ɫ𽥵ر䣬õǿƵֶǲˡ
Цڸղ˵ΪǸ帺ͣһ£һսⱬ˵ƶȻ
˭ģǿվԣ
Ƶ󣬵սȴһƣڶǿ߽ǸоͷһǱѹȥ
߽ף
Ȼ߽ǿߣ
ʲôʱһ߽ǿߣ
ڶĸӽһĨ㵵ɫǰ֪һγ˼˲õǿߣȴ֪Ȼ߽׵ǿߴڣ
һ㣬߽׽޵еĴʣ
㣡ָŸղŽ׵Ǽ帺Ц㣡㣡
Ƶ㵽帺һɫ䣬岻غ˰벽ƾһ룡
ղǲǽеúôЦ˫ֻǰǶռʮǲվҽһ£˭ʸռʮǣ
Ƶ̬ޱȵǿӲǿ߿У׷Ǽޱȣ֮һֱߵĴʱʱЩǰӲ֮±ס


1652 
ĶԹ޹ص˻뿪ɣƵ쳹ȫЩ帺˵ĶУǵɫܲÿ
ڶǿһ̸оԼѪҺƺƺһֳ嶯ŷ˶ԴЩʵ帺ˣüĸо
ĵλһֱǲܴʱ뵽нһĻһ˵Ʊǿסۣ
˵߶ǻڷϣΪǿƵһ棬Ҫ̬߰壬Ҫػյ۷壡
ɭƲƲ죬ͷӰɫƽ˿ʲô
һСôƾôѵԸһô
ʱһͷ˫ǵӰ಻סˣҪ÷ƵȥôԼôһͲôˣֱ˳ˣ
ԣսʲô߽ǿ߻ǿߣһ˵ôžȣ
ͬĸͼؼơ
ƣЩбл׶ζؿЩˣǶ׼һ㡣
ǺǣȻ˵ЩڰеȣƾһµʮǣδеЦˣ£Ҳ޷صסǻһˣִͬƵʮǡһĨЦݣЩ˵İϷôܹӵù˫ۡ
Ļ壬ɲ壬Ӱ塭ƵЩ帺ɨӶ⼸ʵǲ󲿷ֶǰʮǰҲѹ
ҲúЩϻ쳹ȫ뿪պܹˣ飡
һ仰ţúܶ˶ʱڶǿȴǺ⣬Ҫľ˭ҿ壬
̫ˣ
ǣһѣȻҿڳԣ
ûʮôܹ
ЩбǷ׷׳ԷԣеնʱһʧأʱٶȱսĿܡ
вʮ忴ͷԾ˺࣬Ͼľٶ̫ˣоè塣
ʵʱΪߵľԼ챻նɱ˲˵ԭǿԴȫʤûΧ壬ʵȴ˵زпԼ챻նɱ˲˵ֻǹڵʮ棬ֻܳؿü
̫ɶˣЩ壬ĪΪԼ˵ʮô
ǣȥնɱЩɶ壡
Լǰ˾ٶǿ߶ǷŭѣЩƽʱԼʱҲ侮ʯΪŭһ㣡
ƽȮۣ
ֺʦɫ쳣ߣȻ³һ뵽岻ֹһ߽ǿߣһȺǵ㸴˼Ҳûˡ
һ߽ǿ߲£һȺ߽ǿߵĴھ;޵еĴʡ
ܺá
ЦеؿЩ帺ˣϵЦ𽥵ִ࣬Ϊˡ
ߣҾͲˣһ߽ǿĪɻʮô
ǣǿҲһ˶ѣ
սٶȱ仯ܶ׷Ҫ壬Ƿȴ΢΢̧ͷȻˣǾͱˣ
֮ɭӰͬʱһͷųǿƣϯսʱǰ
˶ؿһȺˣɫ˲ò԰ˣȫ߽׵ǿߣ
һһȺ
رǿСʮСӣ̲סץˣΪСŮϣͬܵһļµв
嵽ô߽ǿߣ
ʱٴҲ֪һǿߵˣһ߽ǿ߲£һȺ߽ǿǰʿʲôܹסǵĲ
һʱ֮䣬ս֮˼žõһʵ̫ǿˣһȺ߽ǿߣ⻹ô򰡡
ڻһλǣ뿪ʮǣصҲûȥˡ
ͬʱһЩ˵ǿƵ壬ǻҪȥǳԿıȻԼһȺ߽ǿ߿ɲǳصġ
һȺ߽ǿǰЩĸвҲֻҧ˳ˣûǸӸ֮⡣
ò˵һ־磬ʮڵûߵʮǣȴڷƵ֮³룬ҷڶǿ߿˷׷ǿЦ
ȺûĵǸߣôҲҪ취ΰƳ


1653 
ʮǰǧԼЩڶǿ߽Χڵʮǵĳǰ
ʦ˵ʲô취ܹʮǣһֱ棬ȥҲǰ취ǺĲ𡣡üĵ
Zҡȣҡҡͷһˣڰ棬ÿһжŸԵ󷨷һʮ߽ǿֺϻһʱҲûа취֮ơ
󷨡Լл׶˶˳˼ò˵ȡǳصս֮Уسǵһռ˺أͬȫ˻صʮǣҲ̫ģΪǻĵƣǾػʮǵ󷨣
֮ƣҲֻǿйˣȻǿᣬҺɭвӰ˵ȫ֮£Ҳ֧Ų˶áƵһĨЦ⡣
ɭӰ֮ͬ壬ԻӵвٵĵƣֻҪóҲʯ쾪
ߵ¹صҲͬ¶Цݣһεǳս֮У³ֵ߽ǿԶԶûһγֵĶ̣࣬
Z˵ͷٴѷƵһҪѵʮǵķ󷨸ݻ٣Ȼ󳹵׵ռʮǣӵһ󣬿¾ͻֱʡ
һ㣬Ƶɻ󣬾Z˵֮󣬲ףԭڰ֮еÿһǳضͨһĴͨҲ˵ڶǿ߿ͨͨٵһ㣬µʱԮӵڶ㽵
ǵڶǿҪҪķѵʱҲһʱܹҺķѵҲһСĿZ²ⶥһ죬ڶǿ߾ͻήʱ򻹹µʮǣô͵ǰŬһжǰ׷ˣ
߰ɣһѵʮǸ£ƳŵصͶɭԼӰˣΪղŹZ˰ЩԵɸǣʱ֪Ҫֲܹٶµʮǡ
ƽͶɭԼӰǵ˵ͷȻΪ֮壬Էе㲻ڴҵ㶼Ϊ壬ȻҲὫ¶
ţƣл׶飬¹أɭԼӰ˳ڵʮǵϷ
ǵĳֺ֣ʦͷ󺹣ȫӵΪǿ߰ôȥ赲
죡󷨣죡
ֺæǷԸһȥµҲֻǶɱﵡ
󷨣ǰÿһжӵеһ󷨣ҪΪӴԴʯΪ󷨵תʱǲᶯõģ
ʮУÿһĻǿһӵĵʮǵĻ󷨿˵һҲǰǳ˵ѡ
Сô󷨣ڹȥŲͬ׳ԼӶȡһ򣬵ǵʮǵĻΪ赲˲ڽʮεΣ˵ֻҪ󷨲ݻ٣ͻûг׵ʧȥʮǣ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʮǴһ΢زԳ룬һ֮бǶһЩķġ
ЩĺһֱӡУ֪ĳֲǱɢ΢⣬ӶӹᴩһγһӴޱȵ󷨣תĪ
ǡشЩĳ֮Ծ㵣֮κ˶޷ô֮⻤ȴ̺ش֮
ⲢԸл׶üͷԶҲܹܵת쳣ǿᡣ
öԸĻҲز˵ʮˡЦ
ȷˣЩĵĳ֣ʮǶǱУƵҪȥôֻҪһ·ǿйƣ
ϣܹŵԮɡֺʦӵ亹󷨵ĳһͬʱתʮ֮еĴͨڲϵڵڶԮܹﵽɣȻʮĻᱻȥ
ʱս֮Ȼܶ嶼ǳˣҲ˺ܶ̽ӣеעǿ󷨶ˣҲ̾ϢҡͷһĹҪʧܸˡ
ͬھųԼ߳Щǳص帺ڹעսڻһ֮Ǿ岻̫ʤ㣬ϾΪ˽⻤󷨵ԡ
󷨵Ŀֲ֮ķǿԴʯֻҪԴʯ֧֣ôͿ಻ϵعӦ󷨵תƿһǳصȱľԴʯҲܹ֧ŵڶԮ٣
ĳһ̵ĹɵǿȳԽ˻󷨣ܹһٻƣĻ޿ܣ


1654 
䣡
ƣɭӰл׶¹أ飬֣ǿĹͬһطĵʮϿյķķֻİȥܴһ飬ϣƣҲ࣬ʱͣȥ֮ǰǰ
ֻǣĹȻȥΪͣѾȥ˽ʮʱ䣬ȴ޷Ʒ֣õķƵ˵ɫǲôÿ
־ǿ߼ӳֹȻԲķ
ԶĹZüͷ΢΢𣬲ɵ̾һ
ĳҪµʮɾͲǰļˣΪֺпܹ°˽۷壬ŽǿߵĹ
ΪγаûиԭΪռ˳֮󣬸ͻӳֵַķסеʱԽãֵķȻԽǿ
ռʮǿɲһˣҪλ㣬ԣʱҪҪʱҲԲֹһ㣬ôȥĻȵԮӶǿɾ͸鷳ˣ
Ǵڲƣֻǣڴ󴦷صˣΪҲ϶ͣҪҲ׵顭
Z۾ϣԼڵʮǵķܹá
Ȼϵˣǣֻܹܲ𵽾ԵãҲұ֤ϾֿһߣֻҪ˲ɵ᲼رǿߣ
ģӾȻŪ˸ôѸĹǣ
ٴһȭȴֵ¹ؿţԲ۾޲Ҫ˺֣ȥɱһ
֣ôȥаӶưСʱܹͨˣǲֹͨĴ򿪣ʱܻкܴ鷳
л׶һ߹ţһ߶ߵķ˵
Сʱ
⻰ɫɵһüͷ
ĿǰСʱҪƷǲܵˣҲҪһСʱҡ
һԵĲӰɭͬüͷ
λ֣֮µʮǵĻԺ󴫳ȥǵҲ
ֻдڲˡ
ƳŹZһۣбһ˿ϣ
ȻúڳеĸǷһЩɧңкɱ֮оĲҽһЩըҲЩҡȣõ˶¶ϲɫȵһ򿪱ǳ
Ȼһʱȥˣȴһֱûд򿪣෴ģڵЩɧңȻƽϢļ
ȻЩɧӦѾѹˡ
岻ֵ᷸ͼĴ󣬳ǿ߽ڣȻѵ֣
л׶̾һһĨȻ
ףΪϵƣǿܹӳ׵ʵǣôǽڣʱڳڷɧҵˣ϶ҲͶһЩС塣ЩСҲʵȽǿǣ塢ϵǿߣûС
ЩСԶֻСԭûǿսټϵƣ޷Ҫԭ
ȻʱӦֻǸһ鷳ѣûи߽ǿߵǣѹֻǳ顣
ЩʵZҲ뵽ˣֻǣܹŵʱΰŽʮǵˣĲ࣬ңЩŵˣԭڵʮǵģȻҲ޿ܰȥ
ߣСϷҲóۣѵӶ𣿣
ֺվڳǽϣֻ߳ǣɫȴɺѿûаϲã෴ģ˫С۾һֱĶŷƵˣ͸¶һԹ޵ɫ
֮ԱɵӰԶԶֹ㣬ţһ壬帺˶Ѳ˸ϵܵһĳͷһ㣬ᱻ
֮޷üֵһ嶼һصĴпܣ巢ս
Ȼʱܻ죬ǣ֮屻ɱ廹ֳĬĻԺ˶޷̧ͷˡ
ڶԮܿͻʱǵڣ
ֺϵķⶶţЩҧгݡ
Ȼĺ̨ҲСǣ¹֮壬Ҳ޷ӻֻܹ֮ɱҲܹ

ԭͣϢɧңͻأģҽ𣬺ǯ}ˡ
ô£
ֺȻͷ򷢳ҽļЩɲ
ҽûֹͣ෴ģЩҵƣǲ
Ȼ϶ǳˣ
ˡ
ͻأģֵ֧ĹȻǻȥ֮ıǣֵ
꣡
ڷƵһǹ֮£ԭһֱβƵķ֣Ȼһ쵱ѿһ֩ѷ졣


1655 
˿̣ڵʮڵˣԶһЩ̽ӣ¶һĨ˼ɫڸ͸¶һ־벻
û֪ʲô飬ǣǶܹʮǵķ֣ǴڲƵģ
˶ţԲܷ˵ͼĴ󣬿ңǰɧҺܿͱѹõ֤
ֺ֣Ҳ˵
Ȼ֮һĲҽһֱڹ߶̬Ȼ
ǿػĵط˭ˣ
˶ǲɵĵһ
Ϊ徹Ȼһλϵǿ߰˵ʮڣĿ£ȻܹŲ顣
ȻǶûпZҲһĨȻһͷˮĿǰǣǺܿľͷӦ˹Ѹٵ´棡
ƺƵ˳㣬ֱѾûκηĵʮǣʮڵǿɱһʱڣѪ׷ɣпᣬǲ֫ϱۣÿʱÿ̶˵£
ʱƵȻҲʮָ뿪һָǿߣǸһĻĵȥ
ͬʱȻҲֺǰZѾѹ˵ĴڣԲĸˣ෴ģû帺˴ڣҲֺȫָ£Ҫ˼򵥵Ĵʿֱǲܵ飡
÷ƼһˣǿһٶУ˫֮ʿγһԣʱˣûжս෴ģ˶Ѿųȥ
ˣڹZ£ûȥ׷ɱõƺһ׷Ч£һʱڣǻҲֺ˼ǣҲƲѾľơ
Ҫ尡
ķѾԼжֺûߣһĿЩˣϾʧ
ԭ廹ǺƵģϾļȻΪʿԵʣѾսرǷƵˣһƬĴӣ˿ҷ
ɼѾһĥӡǲսʤģ
ꡭ
ֺΧļǿ߽Ʋĳ
ֻһ⡣
Էƣֺ侲û¶Ŀ־壬ڶһͨ˵һʵ
Һпܲش𡣡
һǼһ浹ľ棬üͷһҲǺż˵ţǣȴûзɾ衣
Ǻǡ
ֺЦһЩȻ˵ֻ֪Ҿǰ˭У
ȻľʦС
ǳһĨĪЦ⡣
Ҳ⣬ʵҲľǷʲô顣ϾǹZɵһλǿߣܲԼѡ
Z
ֺ¶һĨأ˵ͷ̾һȷǸ֮ǰ˻ʸ϶ĴѹͱˣҵȷܵĲԩ
ʵЩޣΪ帺̫£ȫ̼ƻ֮ͨܣҲ޷ʿܾˡ
ӵ֮ӣ
ֺûмȥ̾һһֱ̽ӲԼλãͱһ͸
ѪֵĵȥһĨҲһݲġ
ֺʦˣ
Ҳ֪˭ߺôһԭڵֿһЩǿ⻰ʱңûġ
֮屻ɱ˱ɱ˿̣ʦҲˣֱӾҳһ㣬ҲзֿܲģҲɱģģƽ¡
Ǵʱ˴õľ棬ڹZĿ£Ҳûкҵȥɱ𲽵ƽɡ
ҲܵҪԭһ֧üɵѪǳ׵Ĵݻеһߡ
ս˲Ϣ䣬Z鵽ˡ
û뵽澹Ȼתô죬ٵĴ۹˳ڣ
ֻʱһֱţϣֻڲϮСӣֻǣƻ˷ֻ֮Сƺƾյʧˣûгսϣɻָ֮࣬Ӵ֮ʱҲӱСġ
ԣԷȰźõһȻʱԷȷ˶飬ȻǲܹȷԷͶ屧оԵĺ⡣
ڷƵһǿߵѹ£ʮڵȶϹZ𲽵ƽû
ֻǧ˵Ĵۣǳ׵Ĺƿ˼ʮµĵʮǣ


1656 ص
ǵʮǵһЩ壬ǳЩ̽ӣЩδȥв֮ĵһЩ壬˿̼ĵʮڷ˳Ĭ𺳵С
ܵʵ̫ˣ˶ûзӦǿӳǣ
Ҳţ峹׵ʧȥ˶ԵʮǵƿȨ
壬Ҫˣ
ڸߴķƣӰɭȼˣжôһͷ
˳Ⱥųӵλ߽ǿߣ˵ĵ̣ܹκһǰʮ忹⣡

ЩԭҪȸ壬һ̾Ȼȥ
ǿΪУǲǵģȣԸȥ塣ΪٱҲ˺пܾӵ֮ˣ
֮֮񣬾ڤ˺պλԶһ棬ԲڶʱڳΪǰʮǿ壬ٴӵλ֮壬ȥ
ۣû˻Ϊλӵ֮ߣ෴ģƵΪõжǼΪɵ

ԶЩ̬ƿУûκεıʾֻǣǵĻȴٴࡣ
ҪľЧǿֻܹһǿ
̵ģȥ׷ɱǰﹷӣʵ̫ϧˡ
¹Щδİͣŷƿ˹
Zйȷȡ׷ɱ֮ˣȻԸЩ³çϣȴҲԽˡ
ҲΪԼһٶܳɰǧʧ
ȥ׷ɱŲֻʣ֮һ
Ʒ˷ۣû˵
ˣΪȺףȻȥ׷ɱĻǿܾͻἤķʵܻɱһĳ档
ƴʱƴ
幥˵ʮǣͲûͶˡԺֻҪƣӰɭ˲Ӵ˾ͻһֱڣ

Сεһ˹ֱӳ˷ƻС
ǵĻˣرԱʱҪһеĳ嶯
Ҳ˹Щ죬Сΰռ˷ƵĻҲûֻһЩϵĽ
ܶʱ򣬶Էһ񣬾ܹñ˴׶Է⡣
ʦ֧ϮСôӰ
ڹZҲ˹ʱ¹̲סţ˷ܵ˵ǺüһǣǿɾҪд鷳ˣ
ôһʣܶ˶ǿ˹Ŀ⼯ڹZϡ
ܣ
ZɫĻشһ䣬Ǹ¶һصĻȣõжһ
һ֧ȴӵǿߵϮ飬κ˻嶼һصľ޴вҲΪˣʮڵ壬ǳ׵ģһЩߵĽ壬Ȼ뿪˵ʮǡû˭ᱧнҵǿĲԽ嶼Ұˣǻʲô
ĵȻҲЩɻ󣬲ʱȴҲûʳţºZ϶Լ͡
ңʱΪZıܣǸ֧ǿϮСһصɴȻҲɵɵȥҿ
ʦͨѾһҵ
һǿZǰ㱨
ǰ·
ZɫһգһϽ
ӰɭԥҲǸڷһ󣬳Ժȥ
ܿģһ˱⴦ҵУʬȻѾǣϡŵѪζ˵⴦棬Ҳҵɱ
ͨĴѾˣΪZԣʱûбٵ
ִһֻܴʮ˹ŻҪķӾͻῪˡ
Zһ۴֮󣬱һϵежϣƣȨ
һʮˣ
仰һĨ⡣һԵ¹ֱӾֿͺٺֱЦǲ⡣
Ӱ֣֣ǾΣ
üͷһԵĲӰɭʵ
˳֣ȻǸаգϾҲ޷ԤϴӶڻʲôȽ׵ǿߡ
Ǿ͵ȼӣ
Ӱһɭ֮嵭Ŀˣϸһɾ˵
û
ɭ΢΢һ䣬¶һĨаȵĻȡ
һʮˣܹȫ£
Ǻ;ʦζȥԷ淢ʡ
Ȼæ仰ǻ빫Zһͬ߳ҡ
ʱƵ˲ǴһѪɷ֮˳


1657 ֻ
ʱڷʲôӷƵϵһѪɷܹ֮ĳң߳ǴһɼŨѪζ
ǰСӻ治öԸ
¹˦Щʹֱۣ³
ûзӵũҩڸҲܼôáҲ˵ǷƵũҩ䣬޵ĶƺԶ֪ƣǼһҲ⣬ߡ
Ȼֹͣ˶ΪѾȫ𣬶ϢѾ˶㣬ֹͣ´ͱ
ʱЧǺܿɹ۵ģţʱȥʱԸ壬Ҳͻࡣ
ΪʼǿǸɵ˼ʵţǾ嶥ǣڶǲΪˣ
ʮǵˣ
Zһɵ˹û̫Ĵϲ󱯵˵ţƽƺһǵƿȨһֵҫһ
λҪлZְŵķȻжӦòɹ
뵽˷ڷ飬ƲɵĸпһڹZԵĸм
һԵĲӰɭȻû˵ǣһĨҡ
˵ףʱȻӵĴڣǣȴ̫ˣĿǰҪǸŵѣ
Ѿ˵ʮǵƿȨţ嶼£Ϊʵѡ
飬Ͱжִˡ
ƳһԵĶ΢΢һЦǱСΣ磬˻ʸʱԺȥ
ܶ£ûбҪΪңҲһϸĸˣܹһеƺ
һԵĲӰɭҲˣƺ齻ĸˣ˸ԵԺС
û԰
¹شش棬
һԵл׶飬ѩĮ˶ǰһۣȻȥΨйZ˼ɨһȺֵˣǹһĨĪЦ⡣

ȻʱĴԺǣģҲǲСǰӦĳλס
ƲûЩһСζ֣һ޹ǵС֣⡣ȻڽӽԺеʱϵЦͻأҽСηһ˫۾ľš
ֱڴһΣڣȻǹϢޣǣܹĲ
λ棬һ
ȻǹϢûдɱ⣬ǣɲҷɾ衣
һԵҲ쵽˲ͬѰǽСλ󣬶Ǿ¶õĴԺеձĽ
֣ң
һ䣬ûжеӴڴ󣬴ľűȻ򿪣һϤӰڷǰ
飿
羪͸¶һĨ˼ɫ
Ϣڴڵ˲ǱˣΪصɱ񸮵ֻأ
ֻ֣
˿Ц⣬ǣС߽˴С
ֻ塣
СΰգˮĴ۾ֺõĽţ壬Ǻ
š
ֻȻһģǻǶСŮ˵ͷࡣ
飬ʲôʱģأѵûнʥ𣿡
ƻûʣǶֻʳһ⣬ûмѩýãЩʧ䡣
ǰڵʮǡ
ֻصĻԶôļ࣬һֲĻش⡣
ǰô⣿֪ǹʮҲæߣģ
Щû˵ţϽģȥӸҴ

Щͷʹֹһֻأ΢΢һУѿ˵ֻοǰ˴æʮδõ¡
뵽֧һֱûгֵڼֻأбֺ֮ĸо
Ϯɱ׵ˣԲ࣬ǰˣǸʵ
ɱ񸮵ˣͷβǳߣҲδܹϵĳҲͬϮɹҲûг֣Ρ
ţ
綼ȻĿŷƣ֮ǲʲôʱϵɫǱˡ
Σлֳֻ
ƴЦ⣬ǰȥڴֿĸм֮顣
ġ
ֻƺԵЩ󣬲ϰ߱˶Լ˵ȥ
ˡ
ƲƲ죬ȴǴżɫ
ʥѧһѾܾûмˡ
ֻصĻ࣬ûйĿף˵֮󣬱ʧڴڡ


1658 
ҹߣѩܿͱֻ͵˵ʮڣȻźýһֹһЩ˽ܵȥˡ
Ҳɨ£ҹ֮󣬱Լķڡ
ƺ֪֮ᷢʲô飬˵ģ¶ߵɫһ˫Ĵ۾ڣˮһࡣ

ƺ鶯ӵס޹ǵĽҲɵļ
Ȼ鲻ֹһΣԼССӵĽǺġ
ȵĺ˴ϣõˣͷȥ˫ȵӣҲûĻͷ˷Ƶؿڡ
ڻЩˣһ˫ϻߣõЩվȡ
Ƹ硭
ЩԵ̧ͷеƺڶԷƷĳ룬õĺ߸Ѫˡ

һȹһƬƬʵڵϣѩ֬ļ¶˳ĵɣľĶǣõķֱӾͿֱۣһʱЩӦ
Ƹ磡
û̧ͷķģϲߣɵĽһ˫źֽ棬סǰǶԿɰСá
˶õķǻعСӵסĽƺԼһСŪһзЩԵ·һܹӵ㣬ҷƼĸ
ģԶ黰ܿͻһ̶ˮĿڷϣԼ齡
󲻾ãڱһЩ˶ĴϢһֱ˺ܾãܾá

йZյʮǲûܵӣһнչĺ˳ңЩǰʮͶ塣
ȻЩģ˻ʸǩЭ顣
ȻڵʮǰսѾ˿ȥң֮屻ɱ˲Сķˡ
֮ʲôжһǴǰ½۷˫۾ע£Ա
ûȥϧеǶͻȻֵЩ߽ǿߵ𺳣
ڰڣκһ㣬ܹﵽ׵ʵԾѾǼˣ˵ףľǰڵ
߽׵Ĵڣ˵ԸӵеʾԲͬ죬͹żϵļأҲֻи۷ܹ֮һ㣡
ʵģֵλ߽ǿߣпܾλ֮壡
ЩֻҪ˽⵱嶦ʢʱǶʷˣжǷǳһɾ۷壬Ժɨ£
ȻиԴвʣȻȴѾڰڣҪǶɱǲܵ顣
֮壬õӣѾûκܹ赲۷ˣ
Щǿһ㣬ǱԲŷ׷ͶʾԸ⳼
˭ףҪͽǰʮ壬Ǽѵ飬رҪǵΣڵ죬Ȼ֮ʣʱñԼʱ
ȻҲ嶼ܣ٣˻ʸйZѹأѡĶǾ壬սһһġ
ԣȻ⼸ʲôҲûǣ˻ʸʵȴڳɱţڣ˻ʸܹóһ
ЩưԵʱ
ڵĵʮǣ嶼˳ȥµģͶһЩ壬еԴҲķȥ
ʱ䣬ʮǱǻȻһ£׵ĳΪ˵ıݣκβض⣬ӵеľҲ֮ڣǼΧģʮ
ǼΪɹ۵ĿѾ˶ʢ٣һѾǰʮĴ壡
ڹZ붫Ժƻ㱨˵ʮڵһЩ鱨֮󣬷ϵЦݱŨࡣ
ųѾΪ˹ȥȻӦ֮Ҫǿ壬Ͳֻһջ߳˵һ
һۣ
Ʋһڹ˷ʱ䣬رǼʶЩ֮֮һֽȸС
ԼܹߵһжôļĺܣȻЩ֮ȴ׾ٵǰ棬θҷɣθԴ󣿣
ţԼôһ֮Щ֮ӿ϶ѾչأѸٵĳɳţԣ
çһ𣿡
Züͷһʵ
ţ
Ƶ˵ͷɫҲ֪ZʲôõĽ飿
Ϊûçһ壬ǣôһȻӡ


1659 Ψһѡ
çһ壬жǿ޷Ԥ⣬Ϊçһڰڰռһ۵ʱʵ̫ˣɴˣçһõȻǶ಻ʤȫһܹģЩˣȻܹΪçһڶǿߣ
νǿԽԽǿԽԽôģΪǿǰռõԴȻܹʢ˥
ԣʱҪԵçһ壬ûܹ
ʱڣҲֻйZܹ򶨣ƺçһҲǸưˡ
ѩߣĿͣڹZã˸ŵ⣬ƺҪʲôȴΪڰڣԣܹ֪ʲôֻǴӹZ̬봦ϣĳȥ䲢ӣǲһµˣ
ʵҪԸçһܼ򵥡
ZǴһĨɵ΢ЦûΪԷǰĴѹ෴ģš
Ŷ
ôһ˵һڴɫ
ӵ¼ͷԼˣȻſڿӣţZ϶жԸçһİ취ˣ
Ͻ˵ӣ
ס¹ؿûôĿŹZߴٵ
ÿһڣȷܹ飬߽ҲǣҲΪˣڵĵҲǰΪΣյĵطȻçһһ۵򣬵ʵⲢçһܹɨ۵򣡡
Z˵ţǴһĨԵĸĪĻȡ
Zֵ˼ǡ
΢΢һУƺ˹ZҪʲô
ȷ˭֪ÿһ۵ĵ򣬶ң߽ҲǶ಻ʤ
Ȼô׶Ը𣿣
ͨ൱ڶ׵ʵƷ൱׵ʵƷ൱ĽףƷ൱סӵ˲ʵ飬ô׶Ը𣿶һڳȺ£
ԣçһһۣܹķΧӦҲޣңӦûһĽڣ
˵൱߽׵ļƷ飬൱ھŽ׵ĳƷ飬ǰİرǳƷ飬˭ܹκεˣ
޾£ط˵ǣڵĵطܻûгƷĴ𣿶гƷĵ˭Ҵ룿
çһռ۷ֲͼ
Zּóһݸơ
ƽӹᣬֱӽ֮򿪣Ƿ֣һͼͼϣúںɫһСһԲȦֻɨһۣƱЩԲȦʲô
ǳƷ򣬺ڱӵһͷƷϵĵֻҪЩطçһͻԹ˲ϾͬʱҲɳǿȥάȣ
Zɵ˵ţȻûȫ㿪ȴӦô
飬˵Ҳ򵥣˵ѵĻҲһܹġҪ֪ЩԲȦĵٶмƷĴڣǳƷѰȥֻ·һܹҾ棿
Ҫ뽫֮ңǱЩߣҪҪܹųȻ𲻵ҵЧ
ҲЩռ۵ĴǵԭЩط˵ǽܹȥ
ֵطȥ϶ʬ޴棬飬ֻзСӺɭӰһ
ô˵¹ظо쬵ġȻʱʵҲΪǣһ뵽ȺļƷ볬Ʒ飬Ǻû
²˳٣Ǿ鷳ȥ޸ĸһ¡
ڰ˷ʱķƣҲûйĆ£ǶһԵĶ˵
У
ֱվǳȥ
ܿģ޸ĸĸ˱Уȫ̼ƻ֮ǶǳĬ޷ش
ͷλ֪ͨǣǴӦĻǾѡǰçһڵۣZʦȫȨΣ
ҲûΪǣԵʵ
ţӰɭҲҪڰ˷ʱ䣬ҪøˣǾͱһ·
Ȼçһ岢ʲôǵȥǰǼȻȴΨһѡ
ûϣӰɭӦȻǶԷƲðҲ̸ʲôøУʱ϶ҵʱˣֻʮǶزס
󣬷Ӱɭǰçһڵ򣬶磬л׶ˣڵʮǣӹZĵǲȴʱ١


1660 ֹ
ڵأǰΪΣյĵѰ˵ǽڶҪСġƬ򣬿˵Ʒ׵鶼ҪȺ㣬ǰĴ壬һǿߴĶ飬Ÿڽڡ
ԣȻ˵ǷַȴϽЩʵĶҲȥ׬һʡ
ȻҪãǱҪģɱ飬ǼΣյ飬ԣܶǿ߶۵֮ڡ
çһ۵򣬴ʱȥƽ˾ڵҲûзʲô쳣ЩȻڣǣȴԵúɢ
ϾçһѰ˭ҿ
⿴һ²ܵõʮöͨˣĻȥ²ܽ۷壿
һӻڵϣţƺܴ
֪㣬±˻֮ûʲôΣգȥɱ飬ָͳڻң̤ʬ˶֪
һݸӵͬ鵹ǺܿĿ෴һ㡣
ȷҪãҪ£ǺʱѣûΣա
⵽Ҳǡ
ӳ˼ͬĵ˵ͷƲͷݸͬʵݺ˵ǰ洫ô£ѵ˵˸çһ岻ɣ
Ҳ˵Ȼҿʱǻע㣬ʲôʱժԴ֪ô¡
ݸӵƺʲôվϵĿɨš
ǲǷڵСආҲûʱ䵽ߣȻ֪һЩش飬ԣ´ǲ⡣
ҿЩһۺǣ̫ˡ
ӻû˵꣬˱ѸٵվĿĶԶ
ৡ
Ӱ磬ֻһ䣬Ǵ˴ݸӵķߣ뵽۵У˲ʧõ˸ЩӦ
˵ղ˽ȥˣ
۾ǰػصĿ˼أȴҲûзһ˿ߣҲûκεĽӡ
ǡ
ݸЩԥĵ˵ͷ
ղӰһǸòûп壬ȻҲ޷ֱĸˡ
ҪҪ֪ͨ棿
óһö˸ӨӨ֮ĴҲЩԥ

ݸԥãҡҡͷˣղӰû壬ȥôش𣿵ʱôûУܻᱻѵһ٣ֳֺõ飬ǲҪˡ
Ҳԡ
㣬Ȼ˵ͷǽ˶ѣȥҲʲôˣ಻ɱһЩѣνˡ
һЦڵϼ£ڸղŷ飬֮ܿԺˡ

һɽУƣӰɭͣΡ
ղΪβһɱˣ
ɭ۾䵭Ķŷ˵
ɱǣûкôֻᱩ¶ǵ٣çһ徯ѡҪ֪Щ͵ԵˣǱ۵򣬿ǲɱЩģΪûеӵçһ壡
Ʋûлóݸһһ˵ƬֲͼɫԲȦһͷƷϵ򣬶ɫԲȦгƷ飡
Ӱɭӹ˾ᣬȻͷû˵ʲôȴǺΪ𾪡
ܹŪݵͼҲԲǼ򵥵飡
ûʲôõĽ飿
ӰȻŷʵ
ҾãֻҪĽңƬͻ᳹׵
ھĵ˵㣬ɫԲȦ
ɫԲȦǿɴгƷ飬ԣǲӰɭüͷ
ڵʵȥǳƷ飬Բһǵ飬ǷĻпܻȥ޻ء
ΪԼܹӳƷ𣿡
ɭƺԷƺܲð˵̡
ô֪أ
ƲûһЦ
ȻѾƿ߲֮Ȼɭ֮ʱЩ궯ƺ޵еĸо
ܻɣɭ϶Ҳˣԣ˫֮ĹϵһֱǺǢ
֣еڶѡ𣿡
Ӱ̬ȻûȶȣȴҲûɭֱӱ¶Լĵ⡣
У
Ƶ˵ͷȻָžᣬΧɫԲȦȻЧ㣬Ҳеçһͷˡ
Ҿã͵ڶɣһ˸Σ
Ӱһϵĵ֮󣬱˾
ȻȽ鷳ԸƷܹ֤Լܹȫˣ


1661 Ʒ
ΪȻҪֿжһ۾ϵ֮󣬷Ʊǿٵ
ΪΪһƬشдУɽԭʼ֣ľ࣬գڣߺΪ谵Ƭ谵ĴֵУǱڣνΣķһçһɱ飬Ҳ׵Ľ뵽ЩڣǻѡһЩȽϿտĵطߡ
ƣѡçһٴĴֻ֣Ų׵ı¶Լ١
ңѰ˵ǼΪΣյĵطߵȴǱȽɣңһ·ϻ˲ٵˣöƷˡõķƲò̾طͬ죬ܹġ
ΪҪƲûпȥɱЩȺ飬ܿһЩʮϰٵȺٵĽӽԼĿĵء
һĿ꣬һӴϿȣķһʱ䣬⴦Ͽ򡣴ʱϵϢһûκʯͷǱһžϿȻ׾Ĵ֮ϣңңĹ۲ŴϿ֮ڵ
һƬɫĺ󣬾жڣ޷㣬֮ǧͷ֮࣡
ңЩ鵱Уǿһ߾Ӵ飬ǱڴϿڣһСɽһϵļ׿ǣһЩӨӨ֮⣬ȥƺһšͷϵһ˫ޣǺ˵ϰ֮˵Ϊģ֮ھܹ
Щԭ׼ķƣʱǲɵһ
һƬϿȵУȻûпƷټǣһƬɫĺ󣬱ܹļ¡
Ĺ۲죬ƱǷ֣Ʒ飬ϿȵҲϰͷƷ飬ǲ
ȷЩֲҲѹֻᱻΪ˵ģҪƬçһִ壬ҲҪ˵Ĵۣ
ǸۣңΧ˵Ѿ㹻ˣûбҪȥЩƳѨ
ʱҲˣΪǲӰɭּΪ԰ˣҲԸѡɫ
֣˵мƷôûм
ƻ˼λãûзּƷĴڣɵЩɻ
⴦Ͽܴ󣬾ԳһеĹģƺܯ}ˣ繫ZļƷС飬ȴûҵһʱڣҲɵĴüͷ֪γ֡
ʱӵ߽۷սǣǺĿĵĴ棬Ҳ
ĿģŭƬļƷ飬ɱҪɱһҲ
ԣֻܵȣֻܲϵĵλãϸĹ۲ϿĶ̬
ҹĻǽˣ¹к£Ͽ֮ڶһɫ£õЩӵмӲ׿ǵ鿴Ϊͣһħ
ౡ
Ҳ֪ʲôԭ򣬴Ͽڵ鶼Լͷ­֮ϵĳޣ»ţȥƺµľ
ϸĹ۲һ֮ȴǾ˵ķ֣µ£ЩƷļ׿Ө⣬ٶȸˡ
ѵЩ黹ܹ
һĨ𺳣Ϊɢڻš
֨֨
֮ʱϿ֮ȴǴ̶ļƺ˿ռ䣬ΪԴҲЩ졣
¡¡
ţ涼ҡǷ˵һǰľҡš
ౣ
ƿ쳹г˴Ȱ׳һң˸Žʸйĳ޴𣬶³裬ΧĿռ䶼ǱһۿɼƣȥԣǶħĴһӶ䣬Իء
Ʒ飡
һ˫׵ĳޣһĨϲ
˫ޣǴƬɫĺ֮ðģ˵Ʒп϶һƬ֮š
󲻾ã⴦Ͽ֮ٴγ𶯣Ӱĳڶ»ţ˵⴦ϿȵͷƷ֮ࡣ
ļƷ飬õķƵɫҲɵ
жˣ
ܿ죬ƱǾˣΪǰ죬ͷƷǱڶ֮£Ҫҵʵ̫ˡ
ʱޱĶ
ꡭ
ûκͣ͵ģƱǵָȻûȥǿٵĳԤõ·߿ٵȥ


1662 
¡¡
Ƭһ˲֮ھͷĩһضҡţϸѿһɲѷ죬ǧ׿⡣
֨֨֨
̶ļһſ磬ϯ˷Χɽʯ飬ѣľм漫Ϊˡ
Ϊ⼸Ͽڵ鶼ǶõĵҡεĸΪңңЩƺյʲôһǺɫ㣬ͬһӿȥһ·ϣκεǰﶼ𣬿һƽĵ·ٶȼš
¡¡¡
ŴϿ֮ڵӿ޴ӰڴϿȵдƶıһ޴󣬲һ򳡴СƶһƶɽһÿһȥΧĵ涼Ǳ̤飬ѷӡ
ʱһ˫֮£һ˫۾ɫǵķŭңͬһĿꡣ
ǵ֮ΪİûйκǵȨܵϮǣȻǷŭƽǿٵƶţҪԼϸշ飡

ȷԤеĻҪ࣬Ϊһ·Ǳڴֵе飬ͷƷļ֮󣬶ǶԷƷٶȡ
ЩϮԼ飬Ƹȥɱʱ˷һ˿һʱ䣬µ𶯸ڸ׷ϣԻᱻ
ֻзߵľӹǼʱ䣬Ʊг׾룬Ȼ⼸ʱڣǱΣƤϿν˺ۣҲ̶á
ȻʱƸȥעЩȥũҩʱҲûС
ǽ
ǿ˽ڵİʱҲֻһ;
˵ģΪӳ˲úһçһɱ飬ʮˣлϵǿ׵ǿߡ
ΧɱһٶȺҲѾβĽ׶ΣȻµԶĺ¡ⶼǣ鷢ˣ
ȺĿ٣ǧͷ
һſڵϸӦɫҰ׵˵

ͷ­еûбڳΪ׵ǿ߱ǵϣ´˳
ʵ֤ǶԵģȻôܻ˷һֱӱǳ׷ȥ
ڽӽǣʵͣٶȱǿ죡
ǰſڵϸӦˣܿͷ˷ƵĴڣʱǴѵ
ΪλȺѵǺɫϿȽ
һǿߴУȴΪ־һ˿
ɫϿȽ飬֪ƬڴͷƷ飬Ǵڵ鱩ңǾһѡҪƽϢçһҲҪһĴۣ
çһǿ𣿣
ӵʵһ룬һʵ
ٶ̫죬޷ȷǹƾҪд鷳ˣ
ǸӦ֮ҡͷӿһɲõԤСȻ޷ȷ֮ǲԼģǣԶԷǳԼһȺģٶȣ׷ԼһȺҲǳ飡
ˣҪ𣿣
һ˶ǼķŭмҪ÷·ʱ֮ɱ
Ϊ׵ӵʵˣȴóһ壬ֱ顣
ԭΣȺҵǻǲǲ֪ж˻ɺɫ֮¡
·֮ʱʮ˶ԷƳ֣ȻƲûгշɱǣֻѸٵĳԽǣһĮıӰ󲻾ãһȺ˱Ǳû˺ɫĺС
ͬʱطҲڷͬ飬çһפ۵ܲΪö¼ѣҲ
νǾȺңңģ϶С
ԣΪʲôԭģçһ嶼ɳ˴ǿǰҵĵطһά֮սĻ
ȻҲûоʹֹúңްԼçһ岻òΪæĽͷöÿʱÿ̶ľӢǿߣڱҵȺС
ʱçһ֮⣬˴ڣƺƵĽӽ
ڹZָ£ûмŷƣֻΧ֮⣬ƺڹ
ʱçһʶˡȻʱ뽫ʱڶȻģңзƣӰɭһֱڹ⵷ңȺŭһֱûƽϢЩ޷Ⱥ


1663 Ĵ
սһ
ΪڲıңçһĻ̻̣ټϹZĽʮ֮սȥõçһʿһٵ
ʱǽЩάȵıǲçһǱ߼Ҳˣ
ɼҵçһʧж
ʱçһĸˣҲһçһǿԶԶĿפڲԶçһĸɫһƬ
ʱԶ۵ڵңΪģȻǺҲ޼¡
ɵ壡
еçһĸƿڴֽŵأԶš
ȻԤƵܻԼ⣬ȻȴûԤϵλ߽ǿ߾Ȼܹӵʵ
ȥƽڵİɲһܹģ
ԣʱȻǲޣǣȴҲΪӵеʵš
ܣǺܺõӣ壬Ѿӵǰʮ˵ΪǰʮĴ壬ֻǳ飡
ЩçһĸĺܣеֽţɨһߵĸߴӰһۣЩʱƽࡣ
çһĴգçһΪϵһ֣֮壻ңԣԶʱڣçĴеҲв٣
ˣʱ彻ս岻
һԵľʦţüͷĺ
Ȼ˶࣬ǲһں֮ڶѣѵڵçһ壿
çһĸЩȻ˵жǳ˲м
çһɲܹȵģҲƾ츳ϵƣڰڲռǰʮһϯ֮أǣ磬϶Ųǰʮ
çһ壬ǹϵİԶʱûеǰʮ۵ĵ̣Ŀ¡

çһľʦ̾һҡҡͷ
ô
çһĸƲһۣЩá
֮ǰЩСȻҵçһ壬ǣ֮ʢ٣ЩСΪ𣬶Ŵ֮£ǱĵĻᣬλ
ΪʦǵȻȣЩϵ˵һĿȻ
ǻһûгֻǲѣпʣ֮Բܣ˻ʸˣ֮壬֮ļؿΪǣ϶Ҳ᲻գЩһѵϹ۾ɣ
çһĸһ˦䣬ƺΪŭ
˵ģҲûеԶʱڹǻĹʢ֮ҲûԣЩԣֻһ롣̧ԼԼ飬Ҳ
ϯçһľʦҡͷѯʵĿʵˣֻ˻ʸ֮壬ڻڣĲȣζԸĻ֮أ
ʦصǣֻҪĴܹȥ˻ʸ֮壬ʿصʱЩͶǵ壬ҲδػվǱߣ
çһĸһĨâЩ
ʮ֮սľȻȻĳ˻ʸ֮壬ֻҪȥֻڶ۶ɵĴȻһɢɳ
˵Ҳĺ͸ÿһ仰һݣһԵľʦҲκɷ
Ĵգܷçһ֮Ҫǵˣ
çһĸˣµĶĴսš
˳ƺõһԵľʦڸһĨɻ
ĴյѾڰܳһʱ䣬Ϊǵݣǰĸ˶ǶޱȵĿһΪˣ
ǣãһʱ䶼ĸˣĴ˵ȴûа㾴⣬෴ģƺƽۡ
ԣһ仰УçһľʦܶͬʱϾһ亹
ĸ·ܴ󣬶ңҲΪѹ־飬ʦҲûϿлҵ
Ȼçһ壬ȻҪһ̵Ľѵ
ͬڣҲκçһ壬ųǣȻҲֻбǲڽŵµķݣ
ٺ٣֮ѪҺ֪᲻ӵɿڡ
˵Ǽһɫ˶ǿɲܸ
ĴյĻçһĸϵЦŨࡣ
ʦָӾͽˣиע⡭˻ʸZϽçףǾԸնݳ


1664 
çһĴգһڣҲкպԣһϵձһ΢ı任
Ĵմ֮󣬿նɱ˲ǿԣߵԾЩѹ֡
նɱĴ𣿡
ĸߴӰƵĿ΢΢
çһǼΪǿĴձһ֪Ϊʲôԭûçһ壬ܹ˵çһĲ֮޷
ʵ˵½ǰʮ壬ĶǺܴ󣬱Ͼֽ޴ۣڲϲܴ󣬶ңֽ֮Ȼ綥١
һԣӰɭͬһأɫǺɡ
ǵĿⲢûзĴͣã˸Ĵ߳çһĸϡ
Ȼçһĸ˿ǺܸߴҲûĴô׳˶ϵҲǺǿңûָϢѹǣ˶ڸܵһļµǱһֻǱڰ޶һЩڡ
ˡ
ƲòתϷħϵֲʸʧжʱ࣬Ҳ
çһĸˡ
һԵĶСһ䡣
Ŷçһĸˣ
һĨ⡣
Ȼçһĸ˲ûдٲ¼ǣȴǸо˵ʵӦûĴ֮ϣ
һֱ
ôçһӵеͲߣֻʱçһǱߵʿԶԶȵģƴԿĿ϶çһ壡
ϾǰڵʮǷһ˿Ҳնɱ֮¼ңǿ֮壬ͬһ㣡
ԣʱ˫۾ǿŷƣ˿ڴ

壬Ǻôĵӣ
çһĸվĴǰ֮󣬱ǳ⣬͸¶һĵıûаеõ񲻶
ϾçһѾģʱҪ֮ԣ˻Ǻġ
Ӳôܹʶ۷壿
֮ԣＤ
ȷҪǿҪʶߵ۷壬ûȥƴǲһջѣ
ЩˣȻܹվڰڣһһǾҰģҪߵľ磬Բ˰ڡ񣬴õľǰ˭Ը
ҲҪȥʶУ
çһĸɫһв֮⣬¶ڱ
仰𵽵ЧǺܴΪڰܹçһ壬ǾʹҲԣ
ǵӲĺܣɲ˭ܹõߵġ٣çһ岻У
Ʋ̲ĻشţںһĨ֮⣬սתʱâ¶һ񽣴ɱһеĴơ
¶Լǿȶ˾ģͬʱõĶԭǺŲм֮ɫĴɫҲ
˵㣬˻ʸһ֮
çһĸ˽ĿڷƵϣӵ֮ʵȷ֮ȴΪ֪ÿһ֮᲻գҲ⣡
Ϊ˶ҡľģ伫ҪЩͶȥ
ɣ
ƵǱ֪ں£Ϊʱ㲻һԣҲֻˣЩСֶˣ
㣡
çһĸ˶ʱһ仰סͣ޷ʲô
һжʵΪǿܹѹΪҪϻⲻǱ¶
뵽֮ʿʢˣ
ɱɱɱ
¹صһڣʱǽմأɱ֮⣬õçһǱ߸ǳƲҵ
ȻִԲǾݹ飡
çһĸɫ࣬Ŀ絶һɨ¹أǶĴ˵ɱ
䣬Ĵձվ˳󿪣Хϯ˷սһĴڡ
֮壬ɸһս
ĴΪΰ˶ŷƴ֮⣬ͼѹʿ
ʱеĿⶼǼڷϡΪʮǵ¼ٲȻѾĳΪ幫ϵĵһս
кβң
սսŨȫȻûа֮⡣

ϷħȫתڵĽɫӿϸǲһ㷱·һɫףƳ֮¶


1665 նһ
Ĵζܿΰÿһ˶ϣʵĽգվǶķƣȥ̫ˣ˲ɵĵǣǲܹסĴһ
߱󣡡
ǰ˵Ĵ֮һٴγͬʱҲǶһ⣬ư磬ȣŷƳȥһͷް㣬ϣǱһԵӡȥ
ȭ
Ƶ΢΢룬󣬱ͻأı𣬻һ磬ĳ˳ȥȭͷֱӾȳĴ֮һţ˿
飡
һһСȭͷûκײһڶĿע֮£Ĵ֮һˣԾһĨʹ⣬Ҳɵŵ󲽡
ʱҲѸٵĳӲ棬һתͬʱ֣ȭͷЯŷ֮ƣ֣Ҷ·
ৣ
ƲûȥκһӲײǿٵĳǰȥٴγ֣ǰǽղסĺˣӶܿ˲˵Ĺ˵͡
ңĺ֮£ǰԾѾܴˣһ˫ȭͷΪƶԺҲѪſɭɭĹ¶˳ɫҲԲ԰ס
쵰
һҧһ壬ֻƶ˵£ͬʱһǿϢڿӿȫǳȭͷϾۼ
ҪƴһֻҪܹ·һô˵Ĺڷϣʱϣʤ
˵ҲЩΪϾǰܶش֮ԣණʩչԲ䵽ľ
ɱ
ûκԥģȭƣһɫĳǳϣųһƣֱɱ˹ȥ

һѪէ֣ɫĳֱն˵ȭͷУеĵزȴĿסûкһ֡
ã
쳹ƿõķɫһ䣬ųҲûǳŲնȥ

飡飡
ѪſһֻȭͷϷɿȥѪȭͷ˷ƵĲ󣬾ֱӳ÷һģɫһףһѪϣǣһĨѪĿġ
Ĵÿһʵ߽׳ңʵʵĺУǷӵʱҲǺܲܣϵҲЩҡ

ĴȻܴһֱֻϣǣٴ֣ĸȭͷٴκơ
ֻȷϵһˣ
ĸ򱻶£Ƹû·һĨ⣬ٴ𳤽ɱһֻȭͷնϵĴ֮һ

飡飡飡
˵ȭͷȻն룬ǣ˵Ĺȴ˷ϣʱǽɫ·ױѿͬʱҲйѵ쳹ƸﲻסһѪ˳
ĴյȻܴȴǷǳʵãõķƽܴϵĽҲȥ
ȭ
ǿϵشһֻ۵ľȻı˳ȥֱӳǰ˵ؿϣʱǽ֮˳ȥѪԶҲûУؿڸصȥѾûս֮
Ȼ˷ʱһ㣬˵İΧȦңĿĲͻΧѣеĳ˿ԥı˵λá
ס֣
çһĸ˼״һͬʱ磬ٵĹơ
ȻһԵĲӰɭȻӪȵĻᣬ˫˫֣ǰסĹơ
ǶԷƲðɭҲǳȥĴ޴Ȼǳȥ磬ֻӵļ֡
ͣ
ɫĳûж谭ͱ˸͸Ѫҽжֱӱ
ƺɱһˣȻһֱƣԣƴشҲնһˡ

˼״ǲҺһ˫˫ڶǷѪ˿ϵϢҲΪ壬ǲһеĳŷ׷Ϯȥ
ƣûżǶԺ䣬ĶǵĹͬʱȫתũҩ䣬ҩתѸٵ޸ϵĴˡ
ƣصĴˣũҩ䶼ܹ޸
Ҫ֪ũҩһҩ֮زеũҩݣؼҲ֮һ˻ȡԣũҩ䣬ҲΨһһʥҩ䣬ֻҪһصĴ˶ܹ޸
쵰ǻ˸ۣ
çһĸЩз˻𣬴ϸǱһɾΧĿռ䶼ɵһ


1666 
Ĵ֮ǿܱΪǿ֮⣬ȻΪ˵ĺϻ֮˷ʤԶʱڣв١
ԣĴգçһ۷նһˣǿϱ൱ڱˣ
ʣçһĸλ᲻ŭ
˿ֹ̣ǶԷƺ֮ǣڵǰĲӰɭͬܺˡ
˶ںϾçһĵ̣עҪ֮ʱҲ޷⵶ʱܹȥ˴󻼣˵ֻкô
ȻŭˣӰɭû¶κεĻңͬʱϵҲѸٵȻнѹȥļ
ģѵ֮壿
ˣܵǹǿѹçһĸвɵһŭҲɵƽϢࡣ
ȻԴ󣬵ǣȴԲУǰľԾͶԼⷽƴȥֻĴջȫˡ
۵Ȼܹṩˣȴ޷Ĵ֧ȣߣ޼۵ģ
ס֣
ϵϢûгȥȴûжԲӰɭ֣Ĵյ˺ǵ
Ҫ˺ɱ
ɱĲΪˣ
ҪǧУ⣬Ѫ
˴˿̶ɱ۾ȫ֣˿ȫͬھĴ򷨡
Ȼٶϣȴ޷ȣһһεգһƬǽ壬׵ӣǣȴƵ½Ƕû˵˺ˡ
˴СһֵͬܣֵܱɱǸ޷侲ֻһͷǾǽ˺飡
һȺ뵰
çһĸ˲ɵİһȻЩܼȴҲ޿κΣЩˡ
ΪʵȷЩˡûԤϵžȻģ֮徹Ȼһͬˣ
֮࣬ͬʱЩǡ
Եʷ˽⣬ȻеߣǣⲢçһܹѹ
Ȼǿǣȴ˺ȣΪ岢壬ӵһƣҲǵ޷Ҫԭ
ȻȻֻǰߣǣĶʢʱڣǰļ壬Ҳȥƣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ϊ߱һŮʯ
ȻֽľȴһˣΪǶʷ嶼ǼΪ񣬱СԸ뵽嵱УʹţԶʱڵı׶ˣѾˡֻҪ֮ǿӵκ忹ĵ

֣һɽһѹçһĸļ䣬ĺҲɵЩ
֮֮ʹĹֻһˣһɱ˵ܵ
ɱһˣ
뷨ļǻţȻĶľ棬Ҫɱһڵ졣
Ͼִ֮Ҫӣ˭ҲûǸ֮£
ңľ棬ԾͶçһ岻ӲƴȥĴԼᱻսˡ
ȻֻǴţʱ֮ƴȫ˽׵ʵԱճҲҲˡʹƴҲ·һ
ԣûҪӰɭ˼෴ģһ֣Ȼȥ
ĴΪһˣѾʧȥǣǣⲢҲʧȥǡ
ǼһȻСֻ˵ˣ
״¹ضʱЦ쳹սçһ˶ܹ
ʱʿΪZûǶЩ̲סҪȥĳ嶯ˡ
෴ģçһȴΪ˵ȴĴյĲ״ʿ¶־ɫ
ȻĴçһĿУǶһǣĿеȴǱֵ˲һ˱ɱһʧȥһ֣ĴգѾܹնɱˡ
ԣʱǼֱʰĴڣ
Ļ뵰ѵ֮ӵũҩ𣿣ȵָǵڣ
ѾʧȥǵˣçһĸּȻҪ˾Ȼǣȴ޷ͻƲӰɭķߡԣҲֻĿŲҾķ
֪Ĵվͻ᲻ڣΪʷ
ûãϵĴ˱ǻָ߰˰ˣԣҲһζĶܱйĿ꣬һֻȭͷѾʧȥսϡ


1667 ׻ʤ
ϴ󣡡
Һ쳹˱ٴοѪſĻ棬ѾʧȥһֻȭͷĴ֮һһֱֱֻӱնѪĴۡ
ĴյʵҲǿһȻȴƵɱ
ֹҲ˺ۣ϶ǱѪȾ죬˿ڶɼǡ
ֱĴеϴʧȥһۣѾûս˲󣬲ٷĹ
ڲ磬棬ܶشԣʧȥ˫֣ǻϾ͵ͬڲзˣǲôһնľͻԴ
ˣ
çһĸЩĽлţͬʱٴγǰȻûж֣ȴҲǣס˲Ӱɭ
ȥæһˣ
ɭɭɭĶһԵĲӰ˵һ䣬ͬʱһ壬˱ǳçһĸ˳˹ȥ
ɱ
˵жçһĸɫһ䣬˿ԥ´ȫʱĴˮӿ
ĿֻһסĴյ⼸ˣһҲã
ȫ
ߣZҲͬ´һʱڣԭѾ˺ܾõƻĳȥ˭һȷѪĳ棬ٴչ
û̫⣬Ϊ֮ǰļ죬çһǿ߲ȺıҵУµˣʿﵽ۷Ķ֣֮ǳһ浹
ȻĴյϴǲ˲ӰУʣµ˴ˣ˻ȥ

çһĸ˼ûκԥֱӱ´˳˵Ը⽫˷档
ϵĲܹ࣬ȫ£ˣõѡ

ǰĳ棬çһľʦ̲ס̾һҲЩš
ʵףֻΪʧȥۣԲűäĿ޷صʧĴһ롣
ӰȻҪµ£κçһǿ߲һеĹǣסǣȻЩźȻģçһĴѾΪˣ
ģ̫ûˣȻˣǰĴأޣ
¹һȭǰһçһǿߺ֮󣬿лţƺܲˡ
ΪZƽҲΥȻǻܶӡΪԼȫ֡
ңçһǿ߿ɻв٣ȻԸҲûеΪԼ޵еĵز
лӰֳ֣Ȼֶһ©֮㡣
ǴһĨǳǳĻȣԲԶĲӰ˵š
˵ռ˷ֵıˡ
ӰȻڿƺܷ⣬ǣ˭Ҫ嶯֣һĿԲǷƣ

δսٵĴ۽çһռݵ˶оһЩţǰ֮çһ壬Ȼô׵ıˣ¹˵ģֱһ
Ұܣ
ȻçһĸѸٵ´˳˵ʧǧˡ
Ĵ¼޷ڸǣܿʹ˳ȥεĴһεڰһ캧ˡ
˭Ҳûϵ飬ûнӵκεϢڶ̶̵ļʱڣçһǰˣңçһĴѾѾһ룬겻ѣ
çһȻﾹȻܵô죬õ˶ЩܲˣºҪԭǱˡ
ңԲõçһ˾޴ʧȻçһıҪʤǲܵ顣
һеԵʣǳλ߽ǿϣ
֮壬ϱʵˣ
֮ʲôֻҪ˽ԶʱǶʷ壬ж
ԣԭݵ壬Ҳȥƿص۵û˸ҶС˼
֮ԱçһĴõ嶼
壬Ǽ𣬶Ѿվ۷ˣ
һǣҰռһۣڶ̶̵һʱھˣõĸǰͶ壬ȻȴֻΧԱѡ
ûйѣֻˣעòӣ
֮岢ûȥ壬ƺƽϵ⣬ĵĴڵʮǡ
˵ʵڵģƲӣֻҪܹ㹻棬ȥǸĪеȫûбҪ
ңǰһ̯ӵȥʰΪҵ򣬲ûȫƽϢ


1668 
ڣңȻçһѹǣȴûȫƽϢԣƵĿǰҪ񣬾Щ顣
޸ĸϢԸ˻ʸһͬң򣬻಻Խ
Ƶ֪󣬲ûиож⣬С
Ȼ˵鱩ңǣçһѹ֮Ѿ˲ʲôˣ˵ǾһˣȻԸ⹲ЩԴ
̵ģһ̫ˣʲô鶼ûõĶ٣д
¹ȴЩޣš
Ͼǵʮ֮սۣɶǳģȻеãȻƽ֣˻ʸûռƣȻл׶û˵ǣ͸¶飬ˡ
Ǻǣθڱ̫ʵͷϵԴѾ㹻ˡ
ȴǲŭЦһ㡣
ףƾԼһ֮ҪµʮǣۣǾԲܵģڣҲǺ޸ĸַʱ򣬲ȻڵˣضķѣʱʲôȥԸЩƻ壿
㵹ͦĿģ
¹һ䣬Ҳûмȥ
ҲȷǵʮڵķķΧڷָ˻ʸģѾ㹻ˣ˵´࣬ٶ࣬˻ʸʵҲԲ£Ҳ˷ѡ
ˣȻû飬Ʋƽϣ˶ǽ˼
ǱȽڵҵص
촽һŵĹZ˵Z֣һжˣлֵǰȥƬ򣡡
û⡣
ZǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬˵ͷƵƺһжյУûʲôֵݵġ
֮Ѿʵûĸô۵壬Ϊ֣֮ܿ
ڵçһ壬Ҳû˼ڷ˻
Ĵһ룬Ҫȫ£
ٺ٣ˣ
¹ֱӾվ˷ܡ
Ƴ˵ͷǴл׶¹أ飬ѩĮ磬СΣֻأѩһͬŵһȥ

һ·ϣֵ鶼ö¹ظʰˣ˳֡
Ͼ¹صʵ۷壬ټʵԣ׳Ҳܹ⡣
ԣ˼Ʒ֮⣬Ѱ飬ʰҲ
ܿģǱǽӽ˵һҵ
һƽأۿȥ߰ĴţϣҲзսĺۼ֫ϱĴЩϵѪʪ˴أЩĿġ
ȻҲƵ壬϶Ǳ飬Щԭļ׿ǣ˿̶޹⣬մѪҵĳĴ
ͷƷ顣
ɨһ֮󣬷Ƶɫʱ
Ʒ鲻ôɱģǵã⴦ģƷͷȻçһѹǣͷƷɴڡ
Ĵçһĸˣû˴
׬ˣ
¹ɺ˷ܣȻ̾Ҳ
̫ˣҪȻǻȥһ˹
л׶Ʋ˵Եʵ
߰ٶͷ飬ƷҲв٣ÿȻʵǣȺ˷ܹȫˣǻҪˡ
ϾƷǿɲǳصģ߽׵ʵһӳӵ׵ʵҲԻش
ûбҪ
ϸ۲һȺ֮ҡҡͷָ˵ȻᣬȺ鳯ǸߣںӦþû̫⡣
ֻҪܹһֱסͷƷĳޣȺĿֻһˡ
Ƹ磡
綼ЩǵĿ
ôһƿɾҪеķա
Ǻǣˣġ
ŵһЦʮ㡣
һ֮󣬷ƱǱУһߵء
꣡꣡꣡
һָָ䵯׼ȷĻͷƷļ׿ϣײ
֨֨
ͷƷʱ˫۾ֱӿƵĲ֮΢΢һ֮ǱǲȻŭ
ǿɼǵãһＤŭԼʱٶȳ֣ȻŹʱرΪǵĶЩԭŵ飬ƺҲյʲôһĳŷڳȥ
жˣ
黯һɺɫӿȥл׶˶վȥ


1669 Сη
꣡
Ȼ뵱УɲϵĵһָͷƷĳޣõһֱ
ԶԶĿȥһɫĺǧڻţȥЩȺħ裬ˣһ·ϣһƬǽ壬ʯ顣
л׶˶ûţСҲ˽ٶֻһʮͷȻһӵϣնɱûкķѶҲûܴ
Ȼڵһ֮󣬾Ǹıˣ
һУΪСΣ
ʩչ϶Ƶʱ˶ˡΪСοԶڵĶܣȻشļӳ֣ǣ綾֮ƷҲ⣬ճ֮
˿̣Сαվһ˫۾һƬûκͫ⣬˫ſڵĶ۶ɣ󣬺ײһͷͷ顭
֨֨֨
Ĳҽڳ쳹ȻûǼӲļ׿°˺ۣǣһ֮󣬶Ǳе
ҵθԹԣֱǸСﰡ
ǴɱһȺСΣ¹ص˿ɵۣĿЩ˵
Ǹ˶ˡǣȴû뵽ʮСŮȻҲӵ˿µ
ЩĶʦһСεĶƺÿһƶĿ֮£ԣȻЩ鵹ˣǣˣһԵĲľûܵκεӰ죬ûпήļ
ƿɲ˶еģ
뵽С̺ܳһʱ䣬˱ЩȻˡǸħĵʦ£һнпܣԼõӡ
Ҿãһ˾Ⱥ顣
л׶ǳ鴤˼£ں𺳵ɫ
Сεʣǲ˽⡣ǲµĲȻڿӵ˿ɲ̫ˣǣʱҲЩܲˡ
ʵ綼û뵽
СһֱǵıӻУûг֣չֳ϶ܣȷܾˡ
˵ҪҪȥзƻôǵġ
Сγ֣¹ظɴͿվһԿˣĿԶлֹš
񣬳Ǳֻ飬ȻСһ˳֣ˣҲվСǰֹ鿿Ȼȡ˾ˡ
϶𣿡
ѩ˸Īľ⣬ĲµСεݡ
ϾƳڱ򣬶ңƻһ٣Ӧǽ뱱ժȡͷˡ
Ҳôˡһ뵽϶壬ǰжɵĵһ
϶棬һˣɱˣɱһ£ǶһƬһƬĵ¡
Ǻңһ϶徹ȻǷƵŮǺʵģԼˣҪͷʹҲӦǵˣ
ȺֻʣһҵʱͷƷƺҲЩˣٶȻңҲ˳ںֻһȺˡ
ô죿
춯õķתͷǲһҵȺҲЩȻ
ⲻǹȥһʱѣȻͱͷ飬ٶȣЩš
ֱ֣һɾֻҪǣסͷƷˣ
л׶Ķѵ
һ
ǻһٶͷ飬벻ͨġ
꣡
ͬʱûͣ£һָǻͷƷӨļ׿ϣǵĳޡ
֨֨
ͷƷ鷢Ľٴγŷ˹׵ĳ޻䣬ΧĿռ䶼Ǳһڵϣһ׵ѷ졣
ȻƲûе룬෴ģϳһɫĳϣҲϢ
ৣ
ƹٶȣͷƷ֮䣬еĳʱնڳĳ֮ϡ
һС
СһСħŮһ˫ڣֻ۳ͷĿ£ײһͷͷ飬ƷƷ飬һǱõķƶһȻ
һٶͷ飬Ѹٵȥ
󣬳绤Сǰл׶˶֣ȺС
һͷ
ֻڷߣ˵ţֱӹһͷƷ飬ٶȿԿ
ǣסһͷƷ飬ƱǷĵĶԸһͷƷ顣


1670 β
Ʒ飬ΪӴ󣬾һƶıһӨ˸˸ļ׿ǣװ㽫ס϶иɻ
֨֨
ĽвϵĴƷŭʹ࣬ͷһ˫׵ĳ޸Ƿ˦Χɽʯ飬ľмķɣγһԵĹκνڵһ˫޸顣
̫ˣرһ˫ޣӲĳ̶ȸǳϵļ׿ǣɨκݻΧһУڣ޷ӽ
ʱͷƷǺ۾һֱڱƽƣƵĵ

ɫĳϵһ˫ײһ𣬱ŷǣײϵ쳹ҵĹһ˫֮£Ȼû°ۼ
ɼƷһ˫޵ӲǶôĿɲˡ
ⲻʹش£ֻѰʥһ˫ɨеĻѡ
ɫǳأĿȴڼƷĸɨţͼҳ
ǣƷϴƷƷܹģһ׿ǣȫĽƷˣεĶûнĸ¶
ѵһûˣ
ЩţԺڶŷʵʦ𣬼Ʒģ
˽٣ΪϴТϵȥɱһ飬֪黹ôһ˵
Ʒ㣬ڸ£ɼƷĵز׿Ѿܹȫˣǣע⵽βûУٺ١СβͣΨһ㣬ֻҪնβܹͣ
ʱԺڱ쳹ϵϸΪ˼Ʒ㡣
β
һƶΣĿ˼Ʒβˡ
һģӨļ׿£һƴССβðͷ΢΢ɨţȻȥҲ˸ŽĹ󣬵ǣȴϵǲ׿Ǹû취ȣȥˡֻΪӴ£һʮ׳СβͣȷۣܲǷѣƸȥעβ
֨֨
ƺǸܵ˷ƵĿԼΨһϣƷ״ԵЩˣһ˫޻ӰŷҵĳţΧһУݻٵĲӡ
Ȼ
ļƷķӦһĨϲɫͬʱȫתϷħһ㲼·Ľɫױ۶ɡ
ৣ
˷۳ĳϵһ˫ײٵĽӽƷӴ
£һ˿Ʒһ˫޻Ǵﵽ߽нף۷ĳ̶ȣһǱһӣɿ϶ʬ޴档ԣһ˵ƷҲûģΪǸƷβ
Ȼ㹻£ȡ˺սɱƷҲǿܵģĴ۾Щˡ
ƷȻأǣȴǲֵȥģԣû˻ѡȥɱƷ顣
˼Ʒβ֮󣬷ƳܵѹˣƷǷһһ˫ߣӰ粽ƣ۳ĳҲ߰˴Ρ

ӽβ֮󣬼ûκԥģĳ֣еĳȥ赲ǳĳޣֱӳһʮҵβնȥʱѪſĳ档
顭
ͬʱƷޱ׼ȷĻڷϣֱӽ֮˦˳ȥϵǲɫҲһ֮ѿʹȫоƺ˼һ̲סһ
ǻл׶˵еκһˣԶ𵱳ĽƣȴΪǲױӻϲ˼˺۶ѡ
ӳ˼Ʒһ˫ܹķΧĹƣûѡӲ
ʱʧȥβ͵ļƷȴ˶ѪֹǱն˶һѪٵʧĵ涼ʴһƬ۵ĺɫ
һʱ֮ͷƷȥһ˫޻ҲԽԽûǺȻ¡
Ʋûмȥȡˣǳһͷжȥ
ֻصٶȣǷҲ޷⣬ȣƷһ˫޸½Ҳֻͽŭ
ɱ񸮵ˡ
ưһ䣬ûκεԥǳżƷβǱ
ܿģΪֻǰǣƣǺɵľͽͷƷβ͸նһߣСл׶֮£Ҳӽβ


1671 
öƷˣʮöƷˣʮöƷˣʮöƷˣ߰һʮöͨˣհ
е֮˶¶Ц⡣
Ųǰʱѣ˵ջ񣬼ֱѰҲ飬οлնɱͷƷ飡
˵СζĹ͡
л׶ɵĸпһ䣬õ˵ĿⶼǷСεϡ
֮飬ǷҲ벻ԼⲻʮŮȻ˹ǿ
ԣ˷ܵģʵ
ҵСζڳˡ
һѱСΣñǼǾӨɰСϺݺݵĲ˲䣬õСŮֱ֡
˼ܼ򵥣ǰԼĵԼĵ˶ѣ
϶壬Ȼ
иӦһСǷ֮󣬷ҲɵĸпһǣһĨǳǳЦ⡣
ʵģСξԻΪңҲ۲쵽ˣСԼڶܵƿѾﵽ΢ĵز׵ķ
ƿصĶܣĿǰΪֹʴƺҲֻǴﵽҵĵز޷ʴӵ߽ܵļƷ顣
ز¶С
Сã¹ֹһ䣬ȴ˫ɱ˵۾˻ȥ
磬СοҲŮһİݲκ۸
һͲô鷳ˡ
л׶Ц˵ţͬǸпѡ
⻹ʲôĸףʲôŮңӺܲ
ֱһͥ
š
Ƶ˵ͷͬ㡣
СζԶǷݾȷĿƣ˼Ʒ⣬ϢĽǻʡȥ鷳
ûͣãʰһ֮˱ǳŵڶҵĵصǰ
һԭͷƷģǴʱȴǼһͷˣңȴһǧͷ顣
׬ˣ
ԶǺѹѹһƬȺ¹ؼˮˡ
ɨһЩĵطܹܿȥˣ
ʱôǼҪԺĿͷ۵һЩ֮ˡ
ⷢĻһȺǸߣ
֮ǰƻǽİһ
Ҳû飬Ͼһǧͷ飬һǿɲǼ˾ܹѹġ
СȻ֣ܱһϸСĺɫ˿ߣϢĳȺӶȥ
ꡭ
ϸСĺɫ˿ߣֱӾͲЩڵϵͷ­УһȻЩǣΧ̧ͷɨһ۲ûз״֮ȥ
һУȻĽţһǧͷѸٵļšڷƵָ£СβûȥͷƷ飬ǴΧ𲽵ƽ
ֶΣл׶˶зë
̫ˣǶԼ
뵽ǲɵСһЩ롣
˵֮⣬ǼǱɱķݡ϶ƣʱ¶š
ѩĮɨһ۷С֮󣬲û˵ʲôϵɫ˿δ䣬ֻǣȴһĨ˼
֮壬Ȼ֮ϿһЩ飬ԣõĽضд·

Լ俴ģԣ߳칬
Ȼʥѧ֮رǾڤ¼۽ˣʱǰԼΪɡ
̸ףǹŴûһСѣȥȡ
ԣֻҪ֪βΪ
˼䣬ǰʱ䣬һǧͷϱǱСνĲˣֻͷƷ鸽Ǽʮͷûн
ȥǣƣ
ڷվֻ֮һ仰֮󣬱ǻһӰٵͷƷ顣
ΪƼûзѶٴνͷƷնɱˣβ
ȻֻһöƷˣǣƷ׵ȴǲһ
ջõϵЦⶼŨࡣ
ٺ٣ҾȥЩɾͲˡ
¹ѿ죬Ц˵
ǵĿɲһڳưԣǵĿģǳɾʥ۷壡
ԡ
˼֮󣬷ƱͬƷľ
Ǵȥǲ֪Ҫж˵°Ѿˡʮ˶ѣȻȥΪ
˻ʸĵϣĽʣһˡ
һԵл׶ȴһ䡣
ȷӵС켶ҲǲܣǣĽҲǺܶడ


1672 
Ʒ飬ԾǰڵİûκԸȥǣԣÿһ۵ڣһЩĴڡ
ȥǴԿ
һʱ֮󣬷Ʊ˾
ʵģҪٵĻˣΪҲЧķȻҪܵķҲǺܴġ
Ͼÿһڣٶмǧͷ飬ңƷƷƷǲ̤ƽһС
çһõӣΪҪҵ飬ǰ಻һɼçһʧжôء
ƣȻ˼Ǵʱȴçײ
ٺ٣Ҫˣ
¹˷ܵˣĦȭƣ׼һ
ô
£緭˷ۣ٩ʵ

¹ضʱΪ֮ȻֽŽֱԵЩ죬ǵһȺ˶ǴЦ
ٺ٣дСڣСֻҪȡȡ˾ˡ
¹ڨڨһЦյ˵š
˵˭ǹ
綼۾˸ΣյĹâ
˵Լ˵Լ
¹ز˲ϵ亹Ҳл׶󣬲Ůֱӡ
ȿȡ
ҲЦ⣬Ȼ˵ˣȻӽʱλԶһȽϺãһ⣬һСζһ룬Ȼ󣬾ҪͷֻֻȥZִǰ
ôһ˵˶ǳĬȻ󣬶ǻĵ˵ͷ
ܹƷٶȣҲԣֻأӦþû˱ȷƵٶȿˡ
ԣ⣬ֻظϻȥܹԼʱ䡣
ȻЩģȴҲû飬ֻЩǵĿŷơ
ģûµģ
ƳһЦŵ˵ֻҪǳƷ飬ڻûʲôܹҵ
Ʒ飬ǿǾŽ׵ĴڣڣֻҪڳƷǶκˣκ˵ǽ֮ҲҪƵߡ
ӰڵڣûдƷ鱻ɱϢԼĳƷĿֲ
ϧˡ
Ȼ˼ʱʶƷ֮еһ˿롣
Ʒ飬ÿһ򶼴УһöƷ˾ܹһ磬Ϊٵģڽ֮ǰƵĿǳƷ飬ڣȴҲѡ񾴶Զֻ֮̾ˡ
֮󣬷ƱǱСǰ棬˻ʸһжȥ
ӽƬ֮ǰһ޼ʵĻĮɳɢž˵ȶȣռ䶼һЩۿɼŤС
Ȼ⴦Įм䣬ȴһƬޡǽڣ˵ƬڴͷƷ顣
λȺɣһаռƻж
ת˽š
Ƹ磬ҪСŶ
һ˫קȭͷ˸ˮĹâ
һԣȻû˵ǣҲǽĶ
Һ͵µģζЩ棡
СλСȭͷһСʿҪԼĵ
ģֻǵĵһĿ꣡
СŮıӣɵĳһЦȻֻл׶˵ͷǱСγŻĮٵȥ
ʱٹǣҲòһͬïʢĴ֮ڡ
ǿɲԸ»÷ΪԼģ

ӽ˻ĮеһƬ֮󣬷ƱǱĸӵСĽһ˫Ӳɨš
֨
ǽӽޣһͷǱޱԵشֱͨӱһ˫ֱɨƵؿҪ
꣡
Ѿ׼õСĳ֣һֻ۵С֣һ֮£һɫ˿ֱӱǶͷͷ­ҺûѾȻ£һ˫ޣȻҲĴȥ
ɵƯСζ
ƿ佱СŮõЦ۾
ȻҪעŶܲܿ߳ȥףɾͿζˡ
ţ
СŮҲĵ˵ͷѸٵϵЦݣ˲ǱһһɫЩ䡣
ʦ׶ζʲô
ķӦвɵĸпһ䡣
ǻǰСΣţӦ̶̵ʱ䣬̵ĵ£Сǳ׵̥ˣ񣬸ǳΪ
һ·ϣƸûг֣·ϳֵ鶼ǱСһַɾ䣬˿ˮ
ƴʱҲȥȡЩˣϢӽ޵Ĳλһٲֱк£ΧѹѹһƬ飡


1673 ϰ
Į֮УȴһƬде޴ڣһͷӴΣյϢ
⴦Χİ׹Ǵڣǯ}ˣ˸ҽӽƬ
Ƭ޵УŲǱţƷƷƷҲв١ȴСεһָ֮Ϣĵ£ûз졣
һ·Ǳ۲һٲ֮µ֮󣬷ƲûмСһ飬ǴΧ𲽵ȥ
ЩǱ޵еһǻ⡣Ϊ˱κķƱѡǶ
ŵһȦ֮󣬷෴һ򣬳ŴٲǱ
ꡭ
ָ£ŵ飬һͷһͷĳ׵ĵȥͷ­ϣһСףѪ
Ȼ÷Щţǣȴûгʲô⣬ҲûмУķаʱ䣬ٲ֮µĴ󲿷Ǳˡ
ƻٶͷ
ʮ׿Ĵٲ֮µһƬڣƵüͷ΢΢
ֻͷƷ飬ͷΧɻʣ¼ͷһͷʣǴٲ֮£ң̶һƬڵľ󣬵ȴ֪жڣƾԲ١
Ȼֻǹƣǣֻ಻٣ԣһʱڣҲ֪ˡ
ҪͷƷ鸽飬ǻкܴļʾƷ飬ʱȫ屩ҵĻֻ·ˡ
ͷ飬ͷƷ飬ͷʹˡ
ͷƷֿͺˡ
̲ס̾һ벻ʲôõİ취
ôʶ
ԺڣͻأĴϺɸֵѵ
ʦѵа취
ȻȴûȻ෴ģڴʵ
ߣ
һ˵õʱȥ˽ϰԣھͲô޲ˣ
ϰԣ
һͷˮ
ƷȻۼһطǣǲǾһ壬ֻΪƬȽŨǲŻھۼѵûзͷƷĵָ̣ĺȷ𣿡
ôһ˵Ƶ۾
ͷȻһƬڣǣǻ֮ȴһξ룬ȻǸΪϵƺҲôܡ
۲һ֮󣬷Ʊ⣬СΣ˸ӽΧͷƷ鲻Զ
꣡
һָ׼ȷĻͷƷͷ­ϣʱԭµļƷȻ̧ͷĿֱӿڡ
ৣ
ûԥģưȾܣŻĮ룬ȴûתǸ
֨
ĽӼƷдʱΧͷǶƺǽӵʲôһȫǳŷƳķ׷ȥ
¡¡¡
Ʒ鶯ˣٶȺܿ죬Χĵ涼Ϊ֮𶯣һ·ֱ׷Ϯȥ
ԶͷƷ飬Ȼ⶯ˣǣ̧ͷĮĿһۣǼͷȥϢȡؼ
˵һͷƷ뿪Ǻ£Ϳո
ǵĻûǵģʼͻһĿ꣬ǾǿԼ
κ鶼ˣ
ԣȻ˾޴ı任һͷǱڴٲ֮µļƷ飬ͷûˮðĮ˼㡣
ϰԣȻӵǿǣȴ߱ǣȻĻи֮

Ѹٵӳ֮һֱڹ۲Ⱥ̬ķƣ¶ϲɫ
ͷƷȻûи
Ÿ˳ͷŽͷļƷ飬Ʋûйԥֱӱǳжȥ
ң֮ǰǱЩˣȻǻɺܴ谭Ҳôɵľӳ޵ķΧ
ڴĽ֮˵ıֻض˷ش׼Ȼ֮󿴵˵һУȴõǶ¶ϲɫ
ҪԴˣ
¹ֿͣ¶һڰɭɭݣվϵʼȣ׼󶯸ɸˡ
ҲˣֻѾһӰ˳ȥһǹ֮׵ıͷƷĳޣ֮һǣ˹ȥ
Ȼһһ浹ɱǿʼˣл׶֣ȺУȷѪꡣҲûмȥնɱͷƷ飬Сһͬڿٵͷ顣


1674 
ȻЩգǣȴûгֶ⡣
һͬնɱǽͷ֮ͷƷ飬Ҳ˷ƵϮ֮£ܿһغˡ
˲ûмȥȡˣɷһٴȥһͷƷǣ˳Դѭһܿ͵¡
ʰɣֻһͷˣڴٲ֮£
ڶͷƷնɱ֮󣬷ƱǶ֣ͷƷȡ˳
˱˴˶ǷǳΣҲûг˭̰ͼС˽˽飬˶ǼڷƵĽָڡ
ϾʵߣҲбϡ
һͬ޵ıӰѩĮһĨп
̫гˣκˣһ˭̰ģǣһȺ˾Ͳᡣ
Ҫ뵽ǢĶ鵱ˣȫȻûǰǷΪʦİԳ֡
鵹ڴٲΧһͷͷ飬л׶ȻԤϵˣǣĳ֮󣬻ǲɵĵһ
⴦޲֪жûˣҲǴһͷƷ鿪ʼԣԶԶĳ֮ǰ
ǧͷ飬ʱѾ
ҵĸԹԣô࣬һͷһͷȡˣҪȡʲôʱȥˣ
¹һ䱾ǷĻ
ȻɣǧͷҪһͷһͷȡˣȷЩ鷳ҷǣǶ֮飿
ǧöˣҲƷƷƷѾܹ˴һ׽۷ٴʥˣ
Ҳ˵ʮˣֻҪȥĽǾͿԽˣ
ٶȣ÷ƶǷǳľϲǼ
ʰͷƷ˵
ѹ˸ƺ˿֮˾
Ӱɭ˿ܹܺܿˣϾûбçһȺѾ㹻ˡȻϺȣǡ
һ
ƿǼǵã޸ĸĵϣǻкüĴڣЩǲӰɭҲԲȥǵġ
žһţֻҪӰɭӦҲܾŶԡ
Ͼһ˶һͬʱȥ㣬ȻܹĽҲ¡
ʼˣٶֻس֣ٴǣƼƷ飬ƣȺţһͷͷѸٵĵ¡
ˣ۸¸¡
һͷƷ鵹֮󣬴¹ؿбǴһЦ
ڵЩ飬һõǧ˰ʮöͨˣٶʮһöƷˣһʮöƷˣʮöƷ˺öƷˣΪɹ۵ĿڷͳƳ֮Щ
֮ǰõģѾ㹻˴һ׽۷壬ʣµģҲܹõߵ߽׵ĵز
Ҳ˵⼸ڣǱǲܹ֮һ˳۷ˣ
ռ˵ٶȣ˶û뵽飬ǷҲͬû뵽˻˵ɡ
˵ףһжΪСεĴڣСΣͷۣҲ޷ȥһֻ̾
ô죿Ȼ͵͵ȥЩһҲҿл׶
ǺǣӦòã룬ǰӦúŶԡ
΢΢һЦЩ⡣
ڣһ壬ǼҲԻΪȥ֮çһ͵ϮҪꡣ
㣬ǷҲԸ
ص˻ʸۼأܿ죬˶빫Z
Ƕ̶̵ļʱ䣬ķһ˻ΪǷƵ鷳Ҫ֧ԮǣƵһϯȴõĿ˵
޸;ĸ
ãǷӦ˹ЩȷĶŷٴʵ
ûǰȻҪǵȻֳìܣûа洦
Ƶ˵ͷص˵š
ǡ
һʱͷЩת׷ΪҪֳֺõ顣
Ҫ֪з֮壬ҪһҲ븶ܴĴ۲С˻ʸȻбΪǿʢһҲ˵˰
֣ˡֱԣ˻ʸڵıҲ棬ʧ棬ܻĲȡ̲סŷȰ˵
һԵĹZţû˵ѾһЩߡ
ô̶̵ļڣƵ˻Ԯ˵ѾҵȺˡ
ʮˣβⳣ޷飿


1675 ʮ˾͹
һϯ֮΢һƱǵ顣
ȷЩѡ˻ʸˣҪĻҪӻϣȷĺ
ΪѰ˵Ǿʹ
ַģʮ˱㹻ˡ
ǴһĨǳǳĻȣı֤
ʮ˾͹ˣ
ֹǶЩӦǹZ˿̶¶һĨȻɫ
κ˵췽ҹ̷˵Ρκһ˵仰빫Z֮Աǣǣ˵⻰ȴǷƣݲǲš
һʱദǸʲôˣдŶˡһأıˣǲҵ˵ģңϡ
ԣпܣ˵ʵ
뵽ZҲɵһĨ𾪡ĿʮһһɨȴûзʲôĶ飬ȻѾܲˣǣҪһƺǲ̫ܰɣ
ԣǴʱҲЩ벻ףֻܾĵȴŴ𰸡
ȻǾͼͷƷСһ׮һգȻܹһЩרŸȡ˵Ļһ㹻ˣ
¹Щֵ˵ţܵĿǴ𾪵ɫһܴģƺҪһ
һһ
һҧԼͷĿĿ
㣬һҵ˰ʱ䣬ڶʱ⻹лĮƬ˲ʱ䣬ţвȡˣ̵ģͷ­ʵ̫Ӳˣ߶ͷֶˡ
¹زӲܵˣǱԹʽֹţ˵䣬ԼֱۣƺԼ˺ܴĿš
һͫҲԽԽֱʧеʲôǽĮƬˣ
ΪѾ˻ʸ򣬶ڻĮƬ޵еĽҲЩŵ˽⣬ͷƷҲ֪ƬûĽȻʮʱɾˣ
ZҲЩĿɿڴʧȥ˵Ŀ⣬Ƿڷϡ
ţѾɾˣԣԺ˻ʸھͲٴˡ
ƺȻĵ˵ͷȻ˵š
˻
ԣ빫Zһʱǵ飬޷
ģǾЩֲˣǧͷ飬һͷһͷɱҲҪôʱ䰡޷ţԹZԴ벻һ˾ôġ
ȻҲԷһ˻˽£֪С϶壬ȻͲɻ󲻽ˡ
֣Ǿôģ
ֽѹе𺳣ЩѵĶŷʵ
ǺǣⶼСζĹ͡
΢΢һЦĿһСΡ
СΣ
빫ZĿֱӱǷСϡ
ʮСŮ̫ˣϸ˵Ǹ⣡
Ȼʱȴǽ˶ѡ
һʮСŮһۼǧ඼̤ĽǴȥԻᱻΪǷӣҲûκ˻˵
ȻЩ벻ףǣȴҲѹеĺģûмȥֻǣСεĹעࡣ
һԵĹZ΢ĴһС֮תһĨ˼ƺµһЩʲô
ͷԣ϶˽⣬΢룬ܹ³һЩֻȴûеƣû˼ȥ֤ʲô
ȷЩڲֻͬǣүүҪʲôأѵ˽ύɣ

˻ʸ޸ĸȻǲšȻĸ˲ǱˣǣʱҲ벻ͨ˻ʸΪ
˵˻ʸĵЩ̫ܣϾĺֻڵ˶ѣţԷ빫ZǻۣӦò˲
ȻȻ֪ΣȴͷҲ벻ͨеԭ
󣬾ȨȻǽ˲ӰɭС
ڷƵʵǴ˽⣬˵Ĳ಻ܴ󣬶л׶˵ʵʥѧ½ϣҲһһʶ
ֻǽĻǾȥɣǵȥ۲̣
󣬲ӰɭľǴͬС죬Ӧ˻ʸ
Ȼǵȷ벻ͨԵɣǣԼڵĽǵȷһ׮£ûǰ£Ǿܹˡ


1676 С
޸ĸӦ󣬷ƾúϾǶ顣
һҪ󡣡
ԥǻ˵
ģҪֱ̫ɳˣ
⻰¹ֱӾסˣţһߡ
л׶Ȼû˵ǣϵ鶼Щˬ磬Ҳˡ
ҲüͷѹЩŶʵʲôҪ󣿡
ȥǣȴɱ飬ԣҪ˸ǰȥ
ӣ˵š
Ŷԭ
ƺ˿΢΢
Ȼ޸ĸôԭأҲԼֳֺõ飬ԣҪ֪еԭѡ
̵ģѵΪȥǺĵİȻලд
Ƣõ¹֮һסģĸΪǷŭ
Ǻǣ԰ꡣ
ǵ΢΢һζĻȣɨһ֮˫һ̯˵ҲûиõѡѵҪȥɣԣҪŵĻǾǸŰɣϾҪЩˣ
˵ţתͷŴеС˵СζΧʱ㾡ٳ֡
ζġ
Сκĵ˵ͷõķϵЦŨࡣ
ôɶҿɰŮãԼ϶ǻ˼ĸһ͸Լ
ô֮˲ǰ
ֻҪСûб¶ȥͲǺܴ˼ල£ֻҲʲôң֪ô
ôǾͿʼжɣҿɲ˷̫ʱ䣬ϾԺ·кԶ
վĿԶ
ܹڰڳưԣǣΣȥ֮ôС޷ȥЩȻ￹⣡
ƣڱֻǽΪԼһѣʡ¸ʱȥߵ۷塣
ʥ۷岻Ŀ꣬벽ҲǣҪеľ磡
˵Ķԣǵ۹Ӧ÷ŵĸԶ
л׶ҲվڳһĨȡ
Ĺʱڹ޴ۣûܵټ֮Ȼӵǣȴһ룬ǾǻָĻԻͣ
˵һ˵Ŀ⿴жԶĳɾ;ж
仰ǺеģѰ˵Ŀʥ۷壬һķڰ벽ۣʣȥߵľ磿
ZһԾĿţɨÿһϵɫ˸Īľâ
µģҪСڣƽϣĽŲͻᱻ޷ߵĸԶ

֮󣬷Ƶ˵һĿ޸ڵһһƬɽ֮أȴѾһɽΪֱͨȻȽŨ𽥵ģǳΪ԰
ԶԶģһ˱ԶԶĴ⴦
ΧдеĴ֣һɽεضȻѾû緢ǣΧҳĺۼ޾£ɽϣҲ˲ľһƬľ
⴦ͷƷ飬ǧͷƷ׵顭
޸ˣǸȥʮҵӣСĽƽƬȴ͸¶һĨɻ벻⡣
ԭΪ˻ʸǣȴû뵽ʮˣзڣΪ˻ʸڵԼˡ
δսУѾԼ޸֮ˣԷƣҲԵľ壬ԣŴŷһϸĽ˵
ֻǣĵףһֱǾãƵǰӦ̽·ѣȻٵԣҲûйѯʡ
лλֵ档
ȻƬƻ΢ЦĶл
˲ˡ
ڷǰԵЩԼҲû뵽ƾȻôһ˵ˡ
Ǻǡ
΢΢һЦȻʵô￪ʼǲǽķΧ
º£ǾȽϺá
ȻƬѾ˸ҽӽˡ
ӵ˵ͷЩĿΪʡ
Ǻá
ƳһЦ֮󣬲תл׶˵һаռƻж
š
л׶˵ͷ
ƸСġ
ҲûйĵǣϴΣϸǶһɵЦ⡣


1677 
֮󣬷ƱǴС˱ǳŻɽǱǰ
޸ȻһͷˮֻǴһСŮǰȥʱΪֻȥֲѡ
ϾƵʵȻһСŮʲôأ
л׶˶ҲǳĬվĵȴŷƹ

һ·ϣЩǱڴֵе鶼ǱСˡϴ޵еһƬһƲû̫żǽɽΧŵһƪᷢ⡣
һԺ˴ǺķʱңȻ󣬲ǻؽӽɽ
ԽǽӽΧԽ࣬üмʮͷۼһмǹ١
ǵСεĶ֮£Ĳס
ǧͷ顣
ӽɽ󣬷ƺ˿Ŀڻɽɨš
ɽϣǱԾͱȻɽ֮е黹Ҫ༸ʮǣһʱĹ۲֮󣬷ƲûзּƷټ
ͷƷʱӦöڻɽ֮ڡϾɽڲΪŨĵط
߿ʼɡ
ָָұ߷򣬶С˵š
ꡭ
һɫ˿ߴСεеһͷͷͷ­ʱǵȥ˼ͷ飬УƷӰӡ
ɽĹģӴ󣬶ң۲죬Ʒ֣ɽҲкüǧ
Щϲ
ΪɽڲٴҲɲ̫Ĵڣ࣬Ҳɼͷɣ
Ƿƹ۲˻ɽС֮Źġ
ԣ⴦׶ˡ˵Щڻɽϵ飬Ǿǵȥոѡ
Զл׶¹һЩĵĻ⣬ڸӵĹ۲죬ɽЩϸ΢ı仯Ϊ̫ԶҲĲǺ
ϾСδһڵ˿ٶȹ죬̤鶼Ӧܹ׽
ֻΪƬһֱû̫ĶõüͷЩ΢
˵ǷƽӽƬ򣬿϶һЩע⣬ǣΪֹһ㶯ûС
Ǻܿɣ
۽л׶һȺ˹۲죬ȴǸûκνŵɫõҪʺʱֵʼʲڡ
л׶˵ʵԶԶ㣬ԼϢܹоĵ
һȺ֣Ϊǳ֮ƶϺˡ
λ޸ֵܣ޸ôˣ
¹عȵļѯţʵΪƴСֳˡ
ãвӰڣеĺ˳Ӧò˶ʱͿȫˡ
Ӳڻشš
ӰǸ˲õļһҲĶ֡
¹ذͣЩ˵ţȵĽ̸ϵر鵽ҲΪ棬ò̸
һУǶ¶һĨǳǳĻȡ

ΪûмƷĴڣԣĹ̽еĺ˳ٶҲҪ޽࣬Ƕ̶̵ʱɽϵǱˡ
ȻԶԶĿȥЩԭأǣʵȴѾ߶ʱˣһ߾ʬѡ
Ϊ˱ƻСΧŻɽתһȦ֮󣬲ǱСΣ˻ɽϡ
⴦ɽң£ѹѹһƬСһһģŵɨһ֮󣬷ƱѸٵջĿ⣬ðͷ
ŻİٶͷңȴͷƷټӦǴЩ·
΢΢üͷ̧ͷ˿Ѿӽƻɫɵһ
ȥҴϿȵƬʱҹ䣬ԣһϰߣҹʱͷƷȻð
ԣҲˣңҲİٶͷѣѾɶӰ졣
Сζһ㣬ǵãٶȣָͷɱͷ
СĶһԵС˵š
š
Сιɵĵ˵ͷ
ȻŮ˱ٴκֻһ㵽һʱȴǳһЩС⡣
֨
ΪǶ⣬һͷͷ­Ӳ汻ʱǰȴǷһĲҽԭȽϰĻУԵĸͻأ
ˣ鶼̧ͷмͷֱӱǷڻɽϵķСΡ
ã
ĽƱ֪ã˿ԥģСΣǳ෴ķȥ


1678 ӵ
Ľ˻ƻǰԶĵе¹޸ȻҲע⵽ˣ˵Ŀ⼸ͬһʱ䣬ĿԴ֮
ɽ֮ڣ
ǵжȻǺ֪ܿϤ˼Դʱл׶ɫ¹Ҳͬԭе飬ϵƿʼ
⡭
ӸһĿɿڴЩӦ
ǿǻɽ֮ڰѾ˽⵽⴦Ȼ֪Ǽǧͷ϶Ǳ⴦ɽ֮򣬶ʱȴǻɽڲ⣬õЩɵˡ
֨֨
̣Ľ𣬻ɽڲǴһЩ֮һͷͷ˶˻ɽ⣬Ѹٵĳһλȥ
ȻһЩ⣬飬ܹҲͲһٶͷѣңûмƷټ
ְɣ
ֻһٶͷѣƱǶС˵š
Ƕ̶̵ʮӣұǱƽϢɽҲָԭеƽңҪࡣ
۲һ֮л׶ϵƱٴƽϢȥһۣһĨɲĻȣǾʲôҲûзһ
ȻЩ룬ȴûпмƷ֣ԣҲŷܹ
ֻǣһ뵽ѾɽˣǶЩȡ
ִǧö˾Ҫˣ
Ҫˡ
¹ذ̾һ䣬ϵɫҪץȥںڿһ
һѡӣȻ޸ȴһȻվҲӦ
⾿ʲô飬л׶˵ľֹһͷˮңղŷ飬ҲͷЩת
ǻɽڲıҰ벻ͨΪǱڻɽϵЩȴ㷴ӦҲûУ˵ֱ̫ˣ
֣﾿ʲô£
˼ӣӲǻعĺ˿֮󣬲Ǵ̽ԵĿǶ¹ʵ
ʲôʲô£
¹عһɻĿϵĨûȥ
ղţɽڲܳһٶͷ𣿷˻᲻ΣգҪȥҪȥԮ
̬õ˳񣬲Ǽʵ
ѾƽϢ𣿡
¹عգգ۾
ǣô
ĻشõЩ״ˣʱ޷ݡ
һо̫ˣֱǹ쵽˼㣬ÿһ˶죬Ҳ죬õоͷҪըˣ
϶ʲô飡
ҲΨһܹ϶ˣ˸䣬ϵڻɽ򸽽ɨţͼһЩߡ
ȻעҪʧˣЩɴڣǱԶԶĿȥΣԡֻǣ޷ǣղǰıΪЩǱȴûа㷴Ӧ
һʳԺŬҪƽȴǷָ
ɵ㣬ֻڰѡ
һԵл׶ҲķˣĿڣһ䡣
ѾɽڲˣҲ޷ڸȥңҲûбҪڸˡֻҪСβ¶ˣһУ϶鹦ڷͷϡ
ϾȻûпͷϳϣǣ֮ȴѾӵĵ̣ǿҲܹġ
ңҲû˻ΪһʮССŮܹ־춯صĴ飬ӵ֮壬ʮܹʲô
ʣؼе֮壬ʮҵʱжĳɾͣ
ûӽл׶仰͸ɽڴȴһεı
ΣûмƷ֣ԣûãұһεƽϢʱ䲻ʮӡ
ҵ죬ѵʹǸСŮȺ
ھ𺳵ɫͫչ˼ޣȻ٣ڵѪҺһӿõɫЩ죬ſڣڵĴϢţǾһսһ
ҲΨһĽͣ
ȻĻǾЩֲˣ
Ȼղһֱ¹죬ǣɽĶ̬ȴһֱȻĹעţûгʲôҡ
ϾҪնɱһͷĻҲЩġȻڸղǼʱʱڣɽȴһֱûκεĶ
Щ벻ͨѵϢ£ǧͷôˣ
ȻЩ췽ҹ̷뷨ڴʱȴΨһĽˡȻһɽڲңЩӿǱЩΪûа㶯
ⲻܵģԲܣӵа˽ʵҲһ˽ǧͷ飬ңƷڡ


1679 Ƚ
õ޸޷ȥһֱڲɣȴҲ𰸡ȴΪл׶˶ûκεжҲֻе֣վԭأȴŽ
ɽڲıҳ֮࣬Ȼڵ֮ɫҲǻ谵ȥʱʱڣƺûκ鷢
ৣ
һӰԶٵ˹ٵĽӽ

һӰ֮ӵͫ׸͵һ
ˣǷƣУǱСΣ
˽ûио̫⣬ֻǣǴЦŨࡣ
ߣƱǽСη
ĲˣɽڲŻٶͷ飬ȥƷλ׼ְɣ
ƽĿڣһ΢һûԳ֣ƽ
л׶˶ǵͷ¹ظǻֽţƺһжڰԭƻУûоȣҲûйĿס
ȻƵһϯӶڣȴһƽؾףֱӾʹԭء
ӷƵһ仰УԽתҲˣ⴦ѾĲˣֻʣͷƷٶͷƷ׵ˡ
ܹܵˣ
˵κһˣҲ޷
һˣһһСŮڶ̶̵ʱ֮ڣȻһǧĽ
⻰ڷƿ˵ԲţʱȻǿԼţȴƽ
ķӦҲǺ飬Ͼ빫ZıҲûкõȥο˲޸ڵһѡ
ƲûйĿ밲ţ˵˵ͷ֮󣬱ǵһˣֱŻɽжȥ
ɿɡ
ȥıӰſͣзһЩǣȴôҲ˵֪Ҫѯʡ
ãżԼ뵽Щ֮ͻĺ£ֻǣڵȴ޷
֨
ʱӻɽڱǴһ̶Ľһ磬ΧֺΪ֮ţһƵ
¡¡¡
̣ɽڲǱһҵţһݰӰǳڻɽϿա
һ·ϣɽʯľԱײ飬ľмɢһͷƷһͷƷ׵ɱ˳ǸԼ׷ȥ
ȷ뼫ƷӴȣһװĸӣϵˡ
ˣ
һȦ֮Ⱥ¹صϵƶǼٵ
ȻǺ˽˿̣ϵϢҲ
ǿǼƷ飬ңƷƷҲв٣ȻӵĽ׵ʵĻǿ϶ǻ
ɲΪ£л׶˻ӻİΣ
һɣֻǣסͷƷ飬Ʊл׶˿ٵһͷ顣
˵ʵɱƷҲǺܷ£һͷ飬ڰʱڱȫնɱ
ȻΪСβûгֵԵʣȻٶȻ졣
֨
ƷβͱնϣѪֹУһ֮󣬻Ǻܲĵĵȥ
ǿÿٶȣ
նɱһͷ뼫ƷӶǿУֻصٶȣоܾޡ
һȷ֮ٶȻˣ𣿣
ٺ٣߰ɣɽ֮ڵ֮󣬴ɨһսͿչˡ
¹ǰסĲӣǸŻɽڴ߶ȥ
ص飬Ǵһööˣܹ̰ģǣⲢҲܹӻˡ
ԼȻҲ㣬Ҳ¹أһͬǰȥġ
Ȼ޸ĴǣȺӲҪɱҲǰ޸Ϊһ˶˻ʸַ
ңԽԼϡϾʮȥһһ
һ·ϣЩڵϵ飬ľܹЩͷ­ϵǸѪףһԣûз
ɽ֮һѶϢ飬𺳵˵ԣɽڲЩ֮ʱһֱֵĹؾصģҲæնɱһЩͨƷ顣
ѾԤƵԼϢ㱨ȥ֮ķˡ
٣ãԼڵĲӰˣͲһΪʱ򣬲ӰıȻǿᣬǣû죬Ȼ޸ҲḶôĴˣңô죬ɻûƽϢҵ


1680 ô죿
һ浹ɱ
޸ֻڲϾʧ
ӲҪһȺ˵ĻǾֻ֡ͻ
ʮˣûһߣңǻ֮ǳϣֱϬһ
Ļ
뵽棬ӵĺɵļ
ڰڣΪʹشԣܶ鶼ܵƣĳ⼸Ӧûг
ͷƷڻɽڲ𽥵ƽ
βȡ֮ʱһֱվڻɽϣûκε춯
Щ˲ĶǾǼٻǣ޴֪ʲôã
Լʱҵʱ䣬ıǱռˡ
ϲջ϶ǴЦݣֱֹӳ۷ˣ˼Ҳܹ˳۷ˣ
ôȥֻҪɨʮ˵㹻ˡ
ǵĶΪп
Ⱥû˭˽ˣÿһ˻඼ཻ˴˻Σ꣬䶼Ǻټġ
ĽΪЩˣΪݿɹ顣ҲԼǲܼ뵽ģֻ̾
޸ʱ䲢̣ңӲӰ֮һֱ׷ڲӰңȻȴûпӰ˭ɫ˵һ仰
ȷ˿һǳ飬ϾӰ޸֮壬޸δϣ
Ȼڷϣȴ˸ĶƺһεľӢߡ
뵽֮˻ʸ
ǰ˻ʸ϶ѹѣִѹȴ̶̵ֻʱ䣬һжǷ˷츲صı仯϶פʮǵʸûС
Ȼ϶Щû޸ʾԼֿϣǣӰĮľܾˡ
ȻĸǱߵӦҲࡣϾʱ˭ǽ϶ǲ൱˻ʸ

ٺ٣ڸ㶨ˣֵܣȥһɣ
¹˹סӵļЦе˵ţֵһ
޸ڣڣȻ˷̫õʱ䡣
У
Ѹٵɨһ֮ĺ˿ûйԥǴһˣһȥ
ڶûгʲô⣬ͬջöƷǧöƷ׵ˣѾ˸ֱӳ۷ˡ
󣬷Ƶ˱ǸӣѸٵĳžĸȥ

ӻص޸פõ޸˺ɻ
ôѵ˻ʸǰѾˣ
޸̲סʵǸǹһĨ޵Ļȡ
ʱ䣬ӱǻǾֻ˵һ⡭
ûС
֮ģҡҡͷˣңɴһĨп𾪡
˵ʵڵģ޷ţʮˣֻʮ˶ѣͽڶ̶̵ʱڸˣ
ʲô£
Ӱôҡͷǿʵ
ˡ
ǲӰӹĶҲȶࡣ
˵ȥѵǳʲô⣿˻ʸǲ
Ӱֱһϣüͷһʵ
ҵѾˣȻ࣬صʮˣ۷ˣ
һΣڷƣ
֮壬ӵаϡ
뵽棬вɵһ
ƽֵȻƲܹ֮ģпܣѾ׵ƿ֮壬ȻԲܷӳ˵
ڤ촫Ϣ֤ʵǰ֮ݣȻʾʱ췣
ɣʹƱһơ
ӵаϣ˵ͿߵĸԶ
Ӱ˸⣬Ѫɷ֮
ˣ˻ʸѾˡ
ĺ˿֮󣬲úܼѵ˵
ʲô
ǲӰ޸ˣ⻰֮󣬶һȻĿͺһ
˻ʸˣѾڵɾˡٴ˵
ⲻܣʱ䣬ôô죿
޸ʧѿھھǲŵɫ
Ϊǰ޸ĺĳԱΪڳˡ
㽫ʱϸ˵˻ʸ˶˹
Ӱ˳ǿڶӼʵ


1681 
ʮˣ˻ʸһֻʮˣʮɾġ
˵ʱ飬̲סЩҲ˵ҲżĲ
ʲôʮˣ
Ӱ޸ĸ˲ɵͬʱһڶӿֳһĨ˼ɫ
ϵ飬˶ֱܹĳӲû˵ѣŵͫף϶ǼȾȵ飬Եڶδ
ʮ˰ʮڶ̶̵ʱھңл˸·ʱڣ˵Ӧھˣ
ǺεȵٶȣǼǧͷſԭȥɱҲҪôʱɣ
˵ǧͷͷƷ飬ʮиûз֮ͱնɱˡ
ʮ˷ֱ˭
ӰȷӦ˹ĺ˿֮󣬲ǳʵڣ޷סһĨ𾪵ɫ
ȷˣѾçһѹĲı˲µʱ䡣
ȻҪǽڱʧ£ԲһЩʱ䡣
Ȼ˫֮Ĳ࣬δҲ̫һ˰ɣҪ֪ƵĿһĽǧͷڵĵ
ӵ˿̣ƽԺֱӾ͸ֳһƣ
˻ʸһˣơ
ѹеļ˵֪磬Ů⣬гսϵ¹أл׶飬ѩĮ⻹̫İһ˵ٶȺܿ죬ȷƵٶȸʤһܹǣסһͷƷ飬һǸŮģƵһλ֪ߵĺܽϵܣʵһ㣬ҡ
ѸٵĽʮ˵˵˳ңϸ˵һ˵ص볤
ƣȻ
ӰһĨ⣬е𺳲
ｫʮ˵ŵһ֣ʮһͬУǾҲֻ·һ
ôп϶֪ڣңƾֱãǳڷϡ
ţ˵ʵĻôܹıһеģǾֻзƶѡ
ʵ顣
ȥҽȻ֪Ŀ£ȥǿ϶ҲʧճңҲԲӵ˿ٵٶȣ
Լǰ棡
ĵΨһͷûвޣѹ
ȷʮˣ϶˻ʸûд
޸ĸ˺ʧ̬Ķ׷ţأЩͷϣǺˮ
ȷӺǿ϶ĵͷ
޸˻Ҫ׷ʲôʱ򣬲Ӱȴһֹֻ
˵ȥϸ˵һ顣
Ӱֱӣص˵
˵˵ѵļʻϵ㣬˵޸ڵĺĳԱûбɾѵܹ𣿾٣ܿͻᱻҴûбҪĵ顣
ʱӽһʱ򣬷ھʮͣ£ȻǴǸʮŮǰʱΪȥ
˶٣Ӽ˵Ȼڴʱ֮󣬻ɽڲȴǷ鱩ңһٶͷӻɽڲӿǣǸʱ򣬻ɽЩȴûκηӦΪڻɽһԣҿǣʮ֮󣬱ҾƽϢˣα֮󣬷ƽŮ˻ҽл׶׼ȻһͷƷ顭
˵ĺʼⶶţһ˫أڲ޷ƽü˵ǽӽɽڵʱҿΧ򣬼ǧͷ鶼ѾҶһԣûзκε졭ڶ̶̵İʱڣ˻ɽ
һ֮󣬷һʱĬ޸ĸһһϣ𾪵˵
ӰǳĬüͷһ֣ƺ˼Щʲô
ܹڷƵʵ˽ΪӵϢǧͷ
ԣп϶֪顣
˵ڶ˳񣬲Ӱ˵
šڶһһʮ룬һ˾ͣȻ󣬷ƾʹŮǰʱ֮ŮͻȻ󲻾þһͷƷ顭
ӵ˵ͷ֮󣬷ǳϸĽʱһһʮ˵˳


1682 ƣ
ڣֻӵ쵴ţӰ޸˶ǳĬվ˸𺳵ɫ
鴦͸¶Ϣǣ֪Ծǣȴ˵ĵ㲻ԡ
˵һеԭ򣬶ΪƵԵʣΪǰȥԣŻᱻϢɾ
Ǽʱʱ䣬ܹǧͷ飬ûзһ飬̫ˣǲӰڶʱҲЩܲˡ
˵֮ӱվԭأֳĬ
ȥǰȥһ
ãӰǶһһֱ𾪵е޸˷Ը
ǵģˡ
޸˷Ӧ˹Ӧһ֮󣬱Ѹٵ߳˷ȥȥˡ
ʱڱֻʣ²ӰǸӡ
ĺܺãȥɡ
Ӱӵļ͵Ŀһ䡣
ˣСӦģС˸ˡ
ӳϻ̳ϿֵӦţ˳䣬²Ӱһڷڡ

ʱӰǳĺ˿ȥ۾΢΢ϡȴһֱ˼˵Ļÿһ仰
ľͰǰÿһ˵ʵسҲĺܽһǿĶ飬֮ĹϵǳǢһϵĺ
˭ѵɱ񸮵ˣ
Ӱϸϸ˼ţİˣܿ뵽˳½һߵĺֻܽѩࡣ
ôһ룬Ǻϡ
ڵʮڵ֧Ҳɱ񸮵ġ
ܿ뵽ڵʮڳֵ֧һֱûгֵ
ɱ񸮵ˣڣһӰȥ٣ٶϻ֮塣
ǸֻҲܲ򵥡
ֻصʵУӰŵֻɱڵݡ
񸮣ɱѾ˻ʸˡ
뵽ЩӰɵ̫Ѩֻزûг֣һлǷһġǧͷ飬أ
˿˼С
˻ʸ˴Ϣʱ;Щ̫Ծǣȴһֱ˵ȴ֤ʵĲ롣
˻ʸȻǲֳֺõ飬ֽǱǻ˾ˡ
ӰȴϾʮӵϣ˼ʮҲȥϢ
˵ףҲռһЩôģ٣û
ԣ
ͻأģԭ۾µĲӰ۾૳ǰȥ֮ʱΪҪŮѵ֪Σ𣿡׸ܴŮǰȥô
ԽţڵĹâԽ貣һֺ֮ĸо
ΪԼܹˣһжΪǸʮСŮ
²ģΪҪǰȥ˵õĵСŮңпܣǷܹϢĽڼǧͷҪԭ
񸮣Ƕ񸮵ˣǣΪλǷƵŮң½Ů˭ȥ񸮵ģңֵĶСŮ򵥣Ȼôʮͻƴʥ磿ѵ϶𣿡
ʥѧ½һЩ飬ϵƵӰԽԽˣüͷȴܿ૵ܣҪƿ϶ӵбͷУ־ԵĽУǼµ۾޷ȡñͷ
㣬ܿ϶Ƿӵ֮壬ҲԽ벻˱
ôпܣСεЩѡ
Ҳֻǽһ涾ԲܹϢĽЩɣƣġ
пһ䣬¼ϣûмȥİϣҲã٣ڰӵһȺˣʱڶҲʡܶ顭

󣬾ĸĸɭͬĽӵһϢ
ʮ˽
ǲûнϢɢ֪ҲȼĳԱѣӰķӦһ֪ɭ˲µһЩһж鹦СεĶϣԣҲûȥ֤ʲô
Ͼ˼ӵеĵƣȥʣ˼Ҳδػ˵ȻԸֳԱ顣
ѾԼ򱻵ı֮ĲӰɭû۵ͣãͷص˵ʮǣǽ뵽˱չ˵С
ͬҲһḶ́ϾҪԼģȻнݾǣո˵ԣҲ˵ٶȡ


1683 չ
޸ĸһĴ֮󣬷һʮ˱ٴλص˻ʸפ
ӵе˹ʮһ˴һ׳۷塣
ͳһָڵ֮󣬷ƱǶ˵ûֱ̫𽫷ֳʮһݵ˽л׶˵С
׬Ҳ̫ˣٺ١ôȥǺܿͿȥ㣬ò˶ãͿ߳ĵطˣ
еĽָ¹⾼һ
ʥ׵ľŸ磬ֱо췣ҲЩϵĿ飬Ҳһֳͷ췣澳УֻҪɹ֮ʵʣ涼д󻡶ȵƺҲΪء
⻰϶¶ɵЦ⡣
ٶȥǵȷò˶ʱͿԵʥ۷壬Ӷ߳ˡ
֣˾ͽִɣϾЩˣܹġ
ŷлöָл׶˼֮󣬱Ƕŷ˵
ĵȻԡ
ǴǳЦĿ⿴һƬһƽ˾ĹZ
ZһֱûйΪ𲻱ҪĶңңпܻ
ԣһֱZֳƺȻķƣȴò
ˣԲ¡
Z֣εս£Ĺ󣬵ʮһ˾͸ˣңڶ㣬ܻҪ鷳ٵʦ
һֿĶ˵ţϿңҽһöָݷǰ
Ȼ׹Z⣬µĹ֮ˣԲʲô⣬ֱ
ǺǣãһҲòˣǾȥ߰ɡ
Z۾Це˵ţĴнӹָϣ費ƺ˵һ˾ʯͷһֵǮңԾҲѰǰĿ
Ϸңӣ
Ƿƶĸо
ZƺԼһͣЦ˼̬
֣ʣµ˾ͽ㴦ˡ
˵ţƽһöָС
һûһ֮ǰɲ뿪Ȼһڿܾͻס
ġ
ӹָ˵ͷŷƣһĨȡ
˻ʸϣɶڷϣ
⣬Щѡ˻ʸкûУ
֮󣬷ּʵ
ɲظ˷ʱ飬ȻһжҪ׼׵
ʹкˡ
ЦݻشţһһԴŵЦĹZ֮Ǽ˵çһ֮ǩЭݣѾΪϵˣ
ˣɾʹڰڣǰ½ԷѾ˻ʸΪ˵Ĺϵ
ͺá
ƺ˿ϵЦҲŨ࣬²˳٣Ǽ̸ϻصʮˣһУͰиˡ
ûйĿףZƺҲϵ˻ôһ죬ݸһᣬ鷳֮򿪣֪ܵİ취֮󣬱һˣ̤˷صʮǵ·;

ڷƵ˻صʮǵʱ򣬱ǵ֪ӰɭһǰѾأѾչˡ
ȴûмŽչأŮ´һ֮󣬲ǰмν
ʱĵʮǣѾȫ˵ĸ壬ԣƵҲûаڳֻ̬ÿ˻ȡһȨ֮󣬱߽νС
ǽ뵽νУƱǸоĸоΪ֮һᣬƺڣǴһ
ǰããһƬңԱߵˣҲټ
ѵѾνķˣ
ڷƣһĨȣܿͷӦ˹
΢ĸӦһ֮ȥ૳Ӧһռ󡭡
νڣƺСռ䣬Щռ䣬ܹͨ磬ԣܹӦشĴڡ
ǹ
˵ʵڵģƺܲ˵ԹĴǱְŰɡ
ڵĺܶණǹַ紫˵еӵǰַͨΪβܿٳʮУΪβܹһĿռ䣿
ȻΪð½ٵΪЩȫûбҪġ
ȻǺѾ޴ӿ֤ˣϾǸʱ廹̫СûгȻ޷ȥ˽Щء
ʼˣ
óһö֮ͨ󣬷Ƴ˳񣬲ûмȥЩԵɣȫǳȥ


1684 
˵Ŀ˵ϢϢصģܹ򵽣ӵٶҲȻ
ˣһַǳƺشľ⣬ֻǱѹһСĹ˶ѡ
ˣش£
Ƶһöѡͨˣڱ۾֮ǻĳȥ˹ž޲ǳƽ
תܾһ˱Ǳһ貵Ĺâ˶ڡ
һַǳĸоƴûƺһ磬һԴ˻ůģȪһ̹
ɽвݣквʵһƬһǳ硣
Ƶ˼ƽоԼܹܵɽӵ鶯ʵ˼롭һеһжǷǳ޷ָо
ΪоһжƿصУһУƺģ
ȻԼιⷽģǣָоΪܹʮĶȫλĸܵ統ÿһطı任
Ʋûм֪ԼΪλǣ˼һֱºͣһ磬أһܰĸоĶ
統УľǺ߲ʵӵԼԼ鶯ܹоǵϵ
ͬʱڷƵУ쳹һ޷ݵˮзһС
һƢһֱڵ֮ϵɸҲ˻תƺܵĳǣһ
ˡ
ɸ죬쳹϶ֲɣͬʱһӨɸһˮĹĻڣʱΪȷˡ
ڲһƬ貣ǵӡϵ·ǵڱ鷱ɬ·ȻߵЩͬǣƺڱ쵴ȴһС
ӡڹѡ
ΪЩ貵ĹƺһֻεĴֳһ̱һڱϻĹЩ·ʹԭȥǺ·ӵ̣ӵԡ
ˡ
ûãһֹ쳹ͻأģӡһ貶ĿĹâûһУͬʱҲǹڱ
磬ƵҲâûԵЩ͸ѪܣǺ˳ȥڽĳһеһжڵõ󻡶ȵ
ûгãǿҵĹâȥϵϢҲָƽ
䣬Ʊ۾âת͸¶һµϣΪ䡣
һʱ䣬ƱǸܵЩͬ΢΢ƣڱһĨ⣬૳ͻˣ
Щ⣬ǣȴû¶ϲɫڴʱͻƣúƽֵף
ϾʥҲкܳһʱˣȻûпشǣΪϵԵʣһֱڻţ֮ʱ̵ܵشڣԣˮɵͻؿ
ˡ
΢΢һѾȥˣ΢΢һ䣬һͷ
ҲԼҪô˲ſͻƣ
֮壬ѾӵкܴƣżϼصЩ֮壬ͬ죬棬ԭΪǵĵϵƣģΪһϿףԸΪٵصĴ
ǵ츳Ҳ֪ǲʣԣʾ֮ʱҪ췣Ĵԣӵа֮壬ûĻԵܶɹ֮ʱĴ١
ûȵȥƱóö˷ϣٴα۾ϸϸĸо
֮ǰĴƺͬ˼棬ֻⷽԴ磬ⷽΨһܹٿһС
ʱڣڽϽ棬ϵˣͬʱҲӭһһεͻơ

е˵ֵǮľʱ䣬ĳʱֵǮģҲܻʱ䡣
ʱŵĺܿ죬ЩһҲָƽûдս£çһƺϢˣûоĴ㡣
ʮûܵκι۵Ҳͬçһ尲ĵĴڵǣƺڰʧȥټ׵伣ˡ
ҲǺ£ҲǱٵǰס


1685 
ʮһս֮ڷƣӰɭ˵Χ֮£Աɹıɱ
ⱻ֮󣬾˵´ֱӾͱˣΪһƬ棬ŭؼص𽥵ͣϢ
ɼĸ߲Դжŭ
֮壬Ǿһ֧ԭΪڵ֮壬ѾԵİȫˣ˭֪ȴ⡣
Ȼ˵˿ɳɵۣǣÿһ֮壬ɶӵ۷ΪѹȺ֮ۡ壬۷˰ֻš
벽ۣ
ȻΪټǣڻĹʱ֮ʱӭһӴʢʱҲǸ֮岢ֻŵ˿в٣ֻȴûܹƼޣɾ͵λѡ
ǣڻĹʱڣ벽ۣҲѾǺµΪȻֹȴ޼꼻һ֣ܿʧ䣬֪ȥ
oˣһռţĳķʽţЩ޷ֻ֤ǣֽҲû˻ŵЩµôȫˡ
Ϊ½۷֮һ壬Ȼƾĵ˽⵽пܣһʢ١
Ҳûжģ֮Ǳˣõ߲㶼ϲȻȴ֮졣
֮屻ɱ
ңǱ֮ɱõ߲¶ǼΪŭͳһһݻ壡
ŭŭǵʵ֮ŭǲѹҲѹ£ֻѡ̣
˵ӵ֮һ֮ǽ嵱жд̣޲ðεΪ졣
ȻڵԶʢ岢ûⷽŬҪ壬Ȼȴûгɹ
һУΪʥѧǱĴڡ
ƺϵԼʧ֮дͷԣǽʥѧһҲƾ⻢ǰŵд
뵱вѡˣԣǿȻʧ֮һоͱˣЩ嶼ѡӳ壬ǣڵʱĴѵУЩԹѹˣҪô伣Ҫô屻٣һЩѡչ
ԣҲһЩ壬¹صĲ壬ֱľ֮壬Сε϶塭ܶܶ࣬ǵ壬˵Щĺᡣ
νĴ壬˵ӵоż֮ޡĵԵĶѣģȻҲӪǣȴǵֵĵһѪ֮ˡ
ֻǣΪЩ봿ദһ𣬶䣬ǵѪǵȥңǵĺ˵ҲӵһЩӵԡ
ȻĿǰԣȥǷǳųģǣЩȼȻôȻԼĵΪˣѡӿ϶û
֮ԲдûбһеԵʶΪĺ֡Ůʯ
ȻҪ֮һܹͬǣȴµĺ֣ԼֻҪԴʯܹһԵܡ
ڵʱƾɱ˲پУҲɱĸĺoɱˡ
ȻҲ޵ģһãǾڶһЩ嵱ʱ޷ĴС
ˣǾ޴ģ޾дֻ벽һĴˣ֮ܽɱ
Ҳ˵ֻܹɱʥ۷֮ˡ
ϾԶŵڣѾ֪ȥ˶õ£ЩµУֵ֪˶ٴ֮֡ͬʱҲǾ޴ˣ
ȻѾԶԶǵܱȣǣܹ˰벽ۣɱκʥ۷壬ڣҲ㹻ˡ
ֻǣ޵ģһξͻһΣԣÿһζãǱ뵽ѵ²ŻʹáֻҪǿսʤĵˣõԣڵ˻϶ôһĴڣֻЩϵĹżϲżЩ
壬Ϊ֮һȻʱʱ̶̿Ҫ壬֮屻ɱǷŭŭǣǵĴڣǱһȫļƻС
ƻڹ֮³˴֮󣬾һֱڽУֻǣȴһֱûȡЧչķǳǳ
ڻʱ򡭡
ңңĿŶ̫һֻֽ֮ס壬Q˶ʱˣ


1686 
ҪǾͻУ
ԣҪг۷ľģǾͱе˵ĵΪ㲻ȥˣҲΪվıҪ
ˣп޷
ûã߲˷ܵϢǴˡ
çһ壬ȡ򣬲һɱĴ
ʵģ֮ϱնɱһ룬çһԲܾôȥ
ݻ壡
˹ͬĿꡣ
Ȼʧ֮çһ岢ûŶ嶯֣ǣʩѹ飬ûȻǿ壬ڶʱ͵
飬ʵģçһ峹׵˺ϵǲɴ϶ʩӴ뱨
һçһȻҪȥշ壬ǣǵĴڣçһĸ߲Ҳһܵ顣
ΪŮʯĹȴֹܹɱǿ㡣

ûǷֻҪʥѧᱻӶС
Ҳ˵ƳŮʯķǾͲܳ׵Ĵݻ壡
Ͼڰ½Щ壬ûжǴ壬ǵѡ֮µЩѡ
ԣǽ½ϵշƽҲ
ΪʱͿǵ㣬ԣԿһռɽ磬޽磬Ľ磡
ʥѧΨһͨռͨòʥѧǾ͵ͬڿ̸
ŮʯķôƵ𣿣
Բǣңǿǿ
Զ𣬶ѹһ˵ĴڣȻȴֻ޷ΪȻǻΨһĹȤҪŮʯҲûйȻŮʯȴ񻹴壬˵һС
ûгɹ
ֵ˵ŮʯĲͬ죬һˡ
ԣıһֱβƣû˳ɹʱçһΣܹݻ
Ӧǿ϶ġܣ
ⲿǾûа취ݻģôʣһڲ߽⣡
ȻҪʥѧڲ̸ף岻ޱ벻㣬ԣԴǾԵСĵģʥѧÿһ˶Ҫϸ飬ġ
ԣЩгԹڣһЩݻٵһЩĺᣬǧټƵĻʥѧ֮ⲻ˱Ľ
ĴӪҲߵڣûʲôǲġ
ԣһƵѣΨ̾Ϣ
ϵçһ壡
ŴһӰӷԸһ䣬ŹӰһǵӰӱʧȥټ
壬
ǣ¶һĨĻȣųªӣԿֲԵħһ
ΪϢԣ֪çһ岻ܾԼˣһ֣ݻļʾ͸ˡ
ȻûãçһȻɳʹ塣
Ȼֻǹһ壬çһʹǱԼĸ̬
çһǰȻȣԶԣçһʹ̬Ȱĸ߲ҲЦԡ
çһʹеĻ˵ǡçһڣ֮ǰҲҪ嵱ǹʹѡ
һǹûбҪȥءңҲ̬ٶһ㣬ĸ߲ҲֻܳܣҶ֡
ϾǴçһģ񣬾൱ڶçһ
ڵ壬ûçһ壡
ʹߴ˵һСС
ڼ֮ʱһɫһǰçһʹߵͷֺõ˵ţҵһöָ
çһʹҲûоܾǧټŪݲ£ŪôģԣǾ߲ע£ֱ˽ָҴҡڵĲ鿴ָڵĶ
̣ϱӿһĨݣֱʧ̬ˡ
ˣһڸ߲ϱһĨЦݡ
ȿȡ
ܿ죬çһʹ߱ǷӦ˹Ȼ̬ԾͿࡣ
Ͼ˼ҵ˼ҵ
ǵˡ
ֱӽָ˵һ䡣
ɾ⡣
Ҳǲ䲻һ䡣
Ȼçһǿ̫࣬Ϊ䣬Ȼܶһʹߵġ
Ȼ۾ǣöָڵĶ
Σǰк̣
çһʹ߰ϣʲô֪һѯš


1687 
ʵçһΪλʹǰһڸ߲жеԭֻǣû˵ƶѡ
ϾǰʱûçһߣֻǣȴһֱûܵΣĴձɱçһɲ塣
֮Ը˴ۣȥֺçһ壬ȻҲҪçһһĺô档
ǹ
çһҪ嵱һ˿ָĴĵǹçһʹشˡ
û˻Ըȥ˵ǹһ
Ȼ˫֮ԱȣǴƣǣⲢͻçһǹ
ͬģҲҪçһ壡
Ϊ飬çһûжĻôçһҲ󻡶ȵĽͣҲپ
Ҳǿ㣬Բһϵеļƻ
ֹҪçһ壬ҪǣçһҪݻ壡
ʹߴˣأǰڰһ飬Ҳ˵˰ɣ֮壬ɶӵԱӵֶΰ㣬ҵԱˡ
ӵɫ֮һֱվçһʹߵ˱Թ˵ţһȻ뱯ߡ
£ڲǰ˵
Ϊյ˺ôçһʹҲûֻ飬ֻǲ䲻ĵ˵ͷ˵ȴЩ֮Աǡ
㣿
ʱʹˣһһľ֮ԾѪ·硣
ѵа㣿
ңԷȻܹĴյΧɱдնɱѾ˵˶Էʵ
֮ϣһЩ壬˵Ͽ˵֮ӰӣԣŻи뵽˵С
ΰ䵱ʱҪȫ̤ƽ壬ͷ֮ޣǣǵǱ̣òʱȥ
˵˴ͷɥ̾ϢһֵļΪų
ȷǸܱӣһֻڹֻ꣬ڹڣ
뵽㣬çһʹҲЩͬˣҲ¶ߺ޵ɫЩҧгݵ˵š
˵ףǶӵеĽʺޣԲ˵ᡣ
ԣڹ꣬ڹһ壡
Ҳ˳ϵǿš
çһҪշӵ壬ֻϧȴһֱûгɹ񡭡ѣѰ
뵽ŮʯĴڣçһʹȻߣҲɵ̾Ϣһ
Ǿ޷Ƶıݣǿǿ˼Ͷıǿٶ࣬Ҳ𲻵Ч
ϾûܽŮʯôõ
ʹߴˣҪⲿǱĹȻѣǣܹڲǿܾͻ򵥺ܶ࡭
һڸ߲ʾ£̽Ե˵š
ڲ
çһʹ߲Ŀͬʱɨȫһųªӣʱһ
ȻçһҪշ壬ΪûгɹֻǴѹһį֮󣬱ûٹע
ϾѾį壬Ѿ޷вçһĵλˡ
ԣçһ岢ûкķѾڲϡôһ˵çһʹȻ뵽ࡣ
ǰ壬ԶʱڱҪݻ壬йͷ֮ޣԣܹ϶Ѿ뵽ڲ
ʹû徭ôŬѾɹ뵽ڲңȡ˲ĳɹ壬˵еλңı֮ڣҲвǵˡ
ĿԼϣһ԰˵
ƻһһεʧܣһһεǱ룬Ϊڲķ˲֪жٴ˵Ŭȡ˽ĳɹ˿Ե˵ֻҪһ£ǻң
ֻǣȻˣ˼ǣǣȴ޷׵Ĵݻ塣Ȼܽ˵Ŭ˷档
һֱڵȴʱȴһѵʱʱ򣬾ͿԸһ
ǡ
çһʹ߲ɵһһĨȻ
ĳ̻жôѣΪоЩֽű
һ߰壡

վһԵ˽ӵɫ֮̾ϢһʹߴˣʵȻȡһЩɼȴһֱΪʵ޶޷չȥ
ٲĿģçһʹ߾ޱˡ
ܹʹݲ£˵һˡȻһĿȻ
ҪԼһǲװ׵ǹֻṩһЩ
һὫ¸֪ġ
çһʹ˿֮ƽ˵š


1688 ʮ
ʱ䣬ţɫһУ˵ؼΪµɱ֣ûӵʱĶ֡
ϴĴ䶯תۼѾȥʮ꣬ʮڣһڱ䶯
çһɹڵǣûйɧ򡣶壬ûг֣һֱ伣С
ԣڰһڣ˱ǴϣչӵӴҲȡ˸
ң˵һ㣬ĲУЩҲ𽥵ĳ忿£õԭųǰǿ

ǷƵķ롣
ҲҪǣȴܹȥģڣǻçһûб䶯
ǣҪ
ڵĸո壬紵̫ǰов鷳ʹˡԤϵģΪ岢ûʲôٶԣЩҲûвȡʲôԵж
½Ҳûд·϶ƺҲϢģûƵΪƽ
ңΪõԴҲѸٵȻܲ½ǣҵӵȴںɽΪĽչϣںɽЩͷӵܡ
Ȼʱڷ޷ɽһȣʮʱ䣬ȴ÷ҵʵƽ˺ü
ߣһֱڷҴӪŷ糾أȻʱƣȴҲ֪ڷϳ˶ѹ
Ȼһֱû˵ȴܹܵĵ
ԣǲԸϷƵĺȣҲϣԼΪ׸÷ٷΪԼǡ
ߣʮ굱˼涾ʺϴΧʹãĿǰһֱڸƵС
ҩѾﵽ켫۷壬Ȼ˸ҩǣҩȴûƷס
ȻƷûǣҩǵ޶ģʥҽʥصļ̫ϳҲ̾磬λ˵һũɲݵĻпܣܹԼҩʥס
ֵ˵ҩ츳˿ɼġҩ䣬Ѿκü־֢
ֵһ˵ǣȻһֱûпȥǣľҲڼǰʥ׵ĵز
õ˾̾ôġʹôġȻĻشȴǡڵƺһֱĳˮڵ״̬ԣȥģǿһֱĬĬԼľΪ
ǺԵ֮ʱȴǻشƺھżС
õĿɿڴֹ£δš
˵ʵôпؼĳδ֪һֱڰž硣
ȻҲܲԸţǣÿ춼ദһ𣬲ûмȴ˵ĺˣңԽߣƺԽ졣
ⲻɵ뵽˼棬ǸǺεȵĿֲ
ûȰȻȴΪʵܹȲĿ꣬Ҫҩ
뷨Ȼʵʣúܻǣȴôá
ΪҲ֮ģĹϢϢء

ããһƬĿռڣڣ۾иǳһöƷöƷˡ
ڳ۷壬һͻǵϣɹ췣֮󣬱ǿԽٴʥ硣
˿̣һֱޱϲ״̬еҲȥ
ɽˮлвݵڣиΪǿˣҲӵҲԼӵ硣
˿̣ƱǽԼˮɽ֮ţһ·ϣ۲Χľ仯
ôɵģߵľͻأľ;ֹˣ֣ɱųһ浹״̬
Ʋûиеȣ෴ģı۾ǵصչȥ鲼磬ÿһ䣬ÿһĹ۲֮¡
ˡ
ڣͻأı쳹һصķԼ䣬ƺΧعһɡ
ǿҵĹâڱ˳ڣׯϣڽĳ
¡¡
ɵģããؼͻأıأޱ޼ʵƽķ£ռڳŻһеϢļ¡
췣ˡ
Χʱ򣬷Ʊ۾ͷϺѹѹһƬƣƽûаңǣһ޵Ļȡ
ȱ
ڽ֮£ںŷ֮⣬ϣѾһɫĵ绡һһ


1689 
췣ڷ˵ѾһİˣΪܹ췣Եʣ췣Ҳûг˵η֮ġ
һ˶ɽ٣ôİȫƣȴһһֱţβܹո췣
Ͼ췣صĻ־۶ɵģ޷ȡֻڶɽٵʱ䡣
Ȼӵжξ˷κûᡣ
췣ƺƴһĩյľɭ׵ĻߣܹݻǿߵȻȴֻܼƵĶ־ѡ
ӡ
һ˴Ŀĵĵ绡һֻȴֱӽӡ˳ޱ޼ʵĽ£Կһµ
Լ˰ʱңⷽռ»ָããһƬûκεľɫȥҲûб߼ʡ

ƾô̱ڵϣڵĺţϣʹһĨϲá
壬ʱɳǲƲǴмֱӱĴ󶴣ѪһЩС˺ۣǲ֮ϸҲһȱƤ
ԿǿɲǺ顣
ϣȻǶ췣ǣȴֻһȻһ췣ܹġ
ϵĴˣ󲿷־ΪҪԲɵġ
Ҫ֪ѰǶɹ췣ҲǾһǵĶĴݻ٣ȻȴҪѱ
ǰľٶ̫ˣûܹ󣬾Ȼ˻в뷨ңȻɹΡ
յ췣㹻£ܹʩչһ췣
Ȼĵƣһ£ǾԲᶯõġҪãƱҪʯ쾪
ȻЩңôǳɹˣңҲûκεĵӵũҩϵĴۿɼٶڿٵĸԭš
ѡ
Ψһ÷Ʋ̫ˡ
ڴ˿̣ȴ˵ʱԼֵ֮һӰ
ǲڣֻһӰƱļ²ĸооǵӰѰ
Ͼӹ񣬴û˭ɽٵʱҪһ˵ģңǵӰӵеܣֻǷʥѾٴʥķƣɾãǵӰڵԼܹġ
˵ûǸصİŮӣƾ·һǷƴҲס
ȻԿһӰ֮ŮǿҲ˳ߵУ֤ǵӰʵֲ֮
ǾʲôΪΣʾͻⲻϳ
üͷ
ȻʥڣûһӰǣָоһ죬ģ
֮壬δţƾϸ飬ʾѭ֮
죬أƺĳִڣԼڡ
Ƶ˸ĹâЩ٣սĶ
ʲôһҲҪս

ϵĴ˱ҩ޸Ĳʱ򣬷Ƴ³һȻһվ૵óȥˡ

ڶĸ֪£Ʋ֪ԼչѾʮˡ
Ȼôá
һĨп
һαչأΪԼкܾãͺֻǼ죬߼µʱ䡣
Ȼһлǳ֮⡣
޸ĲӰĸɭ𣿡
ĬƱǼŶʵ
ʱûнӵⷽϢ
ŷƣҲһĸп֪Լʱ顣
ٶȣδҲ̫ˣӵ㹻ˣѰҲҪһٶʱ䣬츳ģҲҪʮʱ䡭ǣŲʮѣƱͻˣҳɹĶɹ췣
ϼ֮壬Ҳܹӵоĳɾ͡
ţĺҲɵЩ١
Ŷ
ϢƲûиож⣬óһöָݸЩʣµģ㴦ˡ
ӵоϣٶȲȲӰɭ죬ǲ⡣
Ȼɻ󣬵ǻǽӹ˽ָ΢ɨһۣһĿ࣬Ŀŷƣ⡭
ȻҲԤϵƻˣǣȴû뵽ƲһҶѡ
󣬷Ʊ˰Ҳһһĸ֪
çһûκ춯ԴˣƲûиоаϲã෴ģܵһϢİڳӿ
ܻáҪ̫Ȼ
ڣһĨ˵ڵ¶ƺҲ͵ࡣ


1690 Ůʮ˱
Ʋûһжһˣȥ㣬Ҳδܹȡһǡ
ϾڵҪǣѶȻӣ
ɱ飬ʵ㹻ģǣǸʱ䣬ܹռأ
ֳֺõ飬ȥԣȻܼҪʵȴûг嶯¡
ЩһֱռһЩҲϵ˽壬֪һЩ
Ѿǰ벽۵Ľ壬ȻԶʮڣȻĽ˻ܱЩǣĶҲûȥӡ
ԣ˵ķչٶǺܿģǽ屧ž󾫵˵ͻʮء
ʥأƺҲûʲôٶʥҲûٴγǰ
ȻܵвȻɵɵĳȻ´γ֮ʱضԾǿ̬֡
ϣҲûзʲô¼ֻЩĴţȸ󶥼֮ӡ
ǣҲ꼻һ֣ܿ伣ʵݶȷ
ӿΪЩŵĴڣעһǿȻһƬԼĻԻͣҲڵĸҲı䡣
֪ЩϢȻܽԼ֮壬çһĴգȻδֵçһ帺ˣƾȻķ֣һƺЩ벻ͬѰ
ԻĹʢ֮󣬸֮嶼꼻һ֣û
Ҳǰ½޷ԭ
Ȼ־棬ƺѾˡ
֮ÿһΪǿƣһɳ۷徳磬˿ѹǶҲҲܹ֮ǿߡ
ѵĹʱʢҪ𣿡
ģƾԼڵѪҺڷڣսŨ
սһΨԼǿĶսſܻԣǱ̫ǿ෴ģڴһֱбԼǿ˳ֻ֣ſ̤۷۾

Է֮󣬲ʱ䣬޸ĲӰ˳Ȼ󣬲ǹ˰ңɭͬν߳
ǵ֪Ʊǰʱ֮ʱɫȻû䣬ǣȴǺΪˡ
ȻŲʱѣǣȴ˵˵ԣƻкܳһξĲࡣ
ǲòϵʵ
ȻΪZûԣ˲òѡȴ
ڴĹƣıϵƶûܹ빫Zȼ磬սϣǱǶѾʶ˹Zļı
˵սۣٵĴȡѵЧ
ҲûǾõȣϾл׶ˣܲңһʽѵУࡣ
ԣҲٹһ¶ѣһȺ˱Ⱥ߳ν
֮ģһ߳СΣңɭ߳ʮʱ䣬˳
ѾʮʱǳͤͤθӵɹǣղãźϾزСϸԲȱֱ޳ʳϸʱʱ̴̿ſ׵ЦգʮСһ
ڣһİɫȹ䵽ӣһλõϢ
ߵƸǰʱ򣬶ʱڣƲûϳԼЦСŮ˭

Сεɽˮ˷ƸǰȻľס˷ƵֱۣŴ۾ЦĿ
Сζ
ǴʱЩȷʵ
ϾҲ̫ˡ
ѵ㲻ʶζ𣿡
ı飬С촽һ˫۾ˮһƬȻ

ƶʱԵЩң֪ǺãһæҵӣһԵĶЩ㶡
⻹Ǹɱϵ֮𣿣
á
Сֱ˽˷ƵĻУǵĲ˲䣬һܰ
ȻѾȥʮ꣬ǣȴûг߹ȻҲͣʮǰǸ׶Ρ
֮£ƱҵˣСΣڰһĴߣ̬Լľհ׵һƬ
ֱͨˣǴСηص˵ʮǡ
˵ķ֣С֮߳ľȻл׶Ҳ磬ֻأȻһֱĬĬŵġZ
ʼգZûгһΣʵһֱǸաε¼ӵ¼Դˣ츳Ҳܲ
ҲȷԲõĻôܴأңûʵٴҲע¡


1691 ߲
ĴģСΣ綼ǺܾϲСǵģվһ𣬾һ
Ȼ˵Ѿȥʮ꣬ǣ˵òûжı仯Ψһ仯ģҲֻСһ˶ѡ
¹صҪСδкʱȴǱ˷һķţĿⶼ׼ͣһӡ
õķƾúЦ֮࣬Ҳӿһܰĸо
ܶˣ;бǽ鵭ˣܹײϣңԼһңûгΪˡ
УһңĴڡ
Ȼλˣôվͽ㣡
˿һ֮󣬷Ʊһɫ
̲ݻ
Ѿĸµʱ䣬ٽʱ˷һڡ
޸ĲӰĸɭк֮˱һͬ˰ڶ㡣
ΪЩ˵׼׵ԣһ˶֮󣬵죬Ƿ˶Եʮǵս
֮ģķӦǺǿңҲûеǰسǳء
죬ʮǵʱ徹ȻԶˣ˳ǳأ
ڵڶȻ󲨣Ƶ˶ûԤϵ㡣ֻйZһˣǴһƵЦ⣬ƺһжյС
ʵķӦû෴ģʹʧ
ϾܹڵģǿɶǸľӢڵһͼʶƵʵ壬ѡӲĻǾԲˣ
ÿһ嵱ждǻ֮ˣȻ㵽ǣ־ϣܹ͸ġ
ûж⣬һһ䣬ǽԭĵʮǡ
˵壬Ȼϲ֣ã˵ǵѡȷġ
ʱ䣬ڹZĲ£Ǳƽçһ
һΣƵ˲ûȥڵЩΪͬļıԲܳɹڶΡˣçһҲڵһʱɳȥѹ
ԣֻӲӲ
ֱ֮ǰӰɭһֱɻZΪûʩչʲôֶΣǣ˿̣еȴȫˡ
һçһ徹ȻҲѡá
Ⲣ˵çһ̫󣬶ʿ⣬ҪǣçһҲҲܹƣӰɭ˵ǿɫ
ãȻǱƲѣȴǱʧѡ
ıãֹǷûаϲãһ񾭴¹Ҳûл
ԶӰɭǰյҲüͷ
壬çһ壬ʵϣ֮ϣڵˣҲһȡ
Ͼڵˣ϶ȻңЩС֮以ҲйһЩСĦʱҪƵദ⼸ǲܵ顣
˵˴ôܹȥԿһһֱǰʮĴأ
ڰڷͻʵǷƻǲӰɭĶͬһ⡭ı
Z֣ô
ƲͷһԵĹZʵ
ǺǣֻҪڵĿĴﵽ˾ˣαȥƽϱأ
Z˸ǵĹâƺѾçһպĶ
ôһ˵ԭЩǻᷢģҲʱͷſء
ˣǾ˰ɣȻܹ屣ٱǣΪݾٶɾͻŴ壬Ǹ󻡶ȵ
Ͼڵܹ岻սͳֵ˵çһηڵ壡
ţԹZǣܹƿڵĴ֣屼ģȻͷ
֮ȻڵĽӰɭͬʱһҪ󡭡ǾǸ㹻۷ˣ
㣬ȻܾϾûˣҪеҲࡣ
һΣûɳලĵʮ˽Լ
һµʱ䣬ʮȺϣûгֶ⣬󣬷һȺ˱ٴνչصС
˵Ҫģֻʱ䣬ʱ緢˴£Ҳûйϵ
Ͼڵʵܸıʲôأ
ԣ˵Ķʵϣֻнʵȥܹһпܻᷢ
ʱһȥתۼ䣬ǹȥʮ꣬ʱһѾ˰߲㣬Ҳǰһ㣬ֻҪһȥɾܹӵʥ۷ʵ


1692 
߲㣬ν½۷ǿߵľۼأȺƼÿһóȥһ
һ㣬߲ҪٵĶֻ࣬һʮ֮һҡ
Ͼ췣ô׶ɹģǳ۷徳磬Ҳǿ߲췣ĺ֮¡
ʮˡ
ӵھųĢ́߳ͷϵϦƵںһĨɣп˿ȥضˡ
߽ʱ򣬷ƲŶʮѣڣȴڱչѾɹʮꡣǼ˵òȴûжı任ʮ꣬˵ֻǹ˼ѡ
ĵطˣã˶þͿ߳ȥˡ
¹һƵţЩ˷ܣҲڴ
ܹ߽߲㣬ǴѾɹߴ췣ɹĽΪ߽ٴʥˣ߲߳㣬Ǿǰ˽ٴʥҲνʥ۷壬ߵľ磡
ŽΪ£ܹɹھ췣Ǿܹٵλ
ֻȴܹ㣬۾Ϊ˴˵еĴڡ
һȥľͿԼ𣿡
СɻŮԣŷƵֱۣڴʵ
ȻԣΪǸʱζͿԱףˡ
һ簮Ķ˵ţھΡ
֪һչؾǼʮ꣬ǺܲεǣֽѾ¶Ĳʺߡ
ȻûеõȷϢǣҪɱˣԱȱȽǡ
٣çһǿߣڵȴͶˡ
öˣ
ƶԼ˵ԺᾡȫֲӵǸΡ
ҮڿԳȥඣ
СԵЩȸԾ˷ܣЦʱ˲ٵĿ⡣
ܰһĻ˵ǣ΢΢һϸСĻȡͬʱÿһ˶Ǵڴ
ڿԻȥˣãǣ˵ʲô
ʣǷƴ𣿡
һᣬһģ˹ŷѯʵ
ǡ
ǵЦ⣬һɫ˵ͷ
õȷϣڶʱһĨȣѹż˵ˣ
ȥã޸ĸҲֱ֣뵽Ժ䵱С

Z֣һôߣ
˻ʸ´֮󣬷ϰԵĶŹZʵ
һȻɱ顣
Z΢΢һЦƵ
ɱ飿
һЩ
Ҷˣ߲ɲǰĲΣڵ߲ڵķԶԶ⻹ʲôģ𣿡
ûʳڵʱ򣬷ϱԺڴ񲹳ʶ
ȷܹ߲ģһ츳볣ˣȻҲԶɲߴ췣
ÿһˣɶΪ֧ѾԪϣ˵ÿһһӴڣһǣпܻ֮ս
ԭ
˼ĵ˵ͷú
ˣǾٵģϾл׶ˣӵо壬Բڰھ߲㡣
ȴһ˵˴ǻ˼ǧϹŶȻһӴļϵ
ңһ֮ڣûֻоԵĽÿһڶһͷƷ顭ԣҪˣǾͱȥĴѰɱС
ϽĻȴǽƵ¹ȵס
۴ĽΪɵ飬ÿһܹۻ˵ķݡ
ڣΪûͻϡ٣ǳּƷҲᱻǧټƵɱ
ΨгƷ飬ڵĵطǽûκ˻ȥ
Ҳˡ
ȻԼʵģǣҪϳƷ飬ȴûκλʤĻᣬ붼
Ҫһ϶ʮˡ
¹ֹһ䣬û١
ˣǺˣܹŷСΣǰĽȻǻԼǰҪһʱпнյĳɾ͡
Ʒ顭
üͷ۾üģЩյĶʵλʲôõ뷨𣿡
ǳȵģ߲һʮ֮һҲ˵߲ռҲ͵һʮ֮һѡ
ң⻹Щ飡
磬ȻǸΪϡˡ
Ҫɱʮ˷ݣҲҪʮʱС
Ĳ
˵֮Ҳһڴʮ߳ȥ
л׶̾һ˵š


1693 綾
֮񣬿һˣʵǶĹף޷ȡ
˵Ů洹ʣµɫ࣬ҲѰصġ
ңżʥѧԣֱֽ֮ΪĤݵһλ
˻ʸį𾴣һֱûмٹκ˶޷
һˣҲķʮ߳˵߲ռ䣬Կɼ߲ڣҪɱ飬ȷҪʱС
ʮ꣬Ҳ˵֮ʱɱ顭
һ뵽һЩͬѰ֮
ʱ䣬Ҫȡǧöˣ⼸ǲܵ飬ԣУ϶֪Ĵڡ
ţܹ֮ƾ忹ⳬƷ飬ȴû֤ʵ
ѩĮڣ˵ţĿڷϡ
Ʒ飬ûдйɱĴţԣ˭ûа취ȷ㡣
Ϊ֮ķȴ
ȷܹϷħܹɵĻܹⳬƷ飬ǣ֪ΪΣϷħﵽŲ֮ȴһֱ粽Ҳ޷ͻƣ磬Ȼ͸ûа취ˡ
˻ʸڣ֮ĲµĻ϶д֮񣬾Ϸħɵģ
ˣƱ뵽һ㡭
ʱǽΧԵشѣʵ߱зϱӻҲȥ
ȻΧشĻ޷Ϸħɵĵزôֻһֿԡ֮ĺ
Ҫ򡭡
뵽㣬ƵͷƤЩ顣
ǿǴ۶ȥĿǰʵȥˣֻ»ᱻճɻҽ̸ʲô壿
ô֮ʱʲôŽϷħɵأ
۾ǳɾλ֮
Ȼִţֻ£֮ʥ۷ǰʹˣȻܹⳬƷ飿
Ǻǣ֮ȥɱƷ飬Ҳδһˡ
һԵĹZȴǴŸĪЦ⣬˵š
Zֵ˼ǣ
һǽĿϡ
˵һ涾ܹӰ쵽κ飬һ涾ǳƷ飬ҲķѴȥ涾ǸʱʵȻ
Z˵ţĿɨС֮ʱһĨâ
ֶ
һҲһߵСΡ
˵ʲôܹ϶壿
Ҫ֪϶棬ĵһ棬ǵʱ֮ӵũҩ䣬ũɲݵҩܹѹסλĸԸΪ
һ涾ͷ
Zһ˶̲ס
ͷܹһеľ綾˵ΨһܹĶԵҲֻг֮صũɲˡ
ԣһʩųͷľ綾ϵİƷ飬ҲܵӰ죬ʵǣʲôزǾͲö֪ˡ
û˵¹ط˷ۡ
ͷ½ıصУûܹڡ֮϶渨ԲܿⳬƷ顣
ڣǿСȻ⣬ǣԲ϶壬ǣӦҲûƿرͷ־綾
Ȼ磬ȴһĨϲá
Ȼûм϶棬ǣڵСΣԲȥ
ԣƵ϶ʱһĨϲɫ
֮Ҳʥ׽Ϸħɣ϶İѡ
ڣҲͬУ
˼֮󣬷ƻƽ˵Ҳǿȥԡ
ʲô
⻰һл׶˶һȻĿ󣬶ɵĵһ
ʵѾˡֻбͷľ綾ܹӰ쵽Ʒ飬ѡȥ֤ʵСξ϶壡
ңȫ϶壡
벻ͨͷô£ȴҲûлɷںҿڡ
ҵĹԹԣҵĸԹ԰
¹ĿⶨĿСΣЩ
ںܶ˵϶棬һɱǣ꣬ӪڣɱɱģԷ϶Ī
϶ٴγֻֻһֵɱ
˵ǣԼһŶӵˣ
ôȥֻ²ףΪӵгƷĽڣмͷƷڡһƷ鷢Ƕ⣡
һֱĬѩ࿪ˣüͷЩ
ƷѾ߱һǣɲǼƷܹģһһϸ΢⣬ǽ֮֡


1694 ָ
ѩǡ
Zͬĵ˵ͷָ⣬δǳϣпΪء
⡭
ѣƵɫʱһͷ˾ӡ
һϢçһǿ߻Ӳ𣿣
ǿ϶ģ
ǵ֮󣬷ǿŻȵʱȥ
ѵֻȥѰɱЩɢһ·ѡˣ
¹زյʵ
ȻǣҪǾһҪ벻ſԡңΪһҪɱͷƷأķգʵ̫ˣңʮ˻ɹĿԲ󡣡
Z˵ţ˸ǵĹâ
ʣܹƾСεĶܣϢĻɱƷµ飬ǣȴ㹻ɱƷ飡
һŭƷ飬֪Ʒ϶ܵʱɾͻἯ屩ǰĳ棬Բʮܹġ
ƿ϶ҪȥͷƷģȻͷƷأ˭ȥԸңڷӦԳƷ֮ʱͷƷûܵǣƵĻǷƵľأǼΪΣգ
Ȼ繫Z˵ֻǵĽƷ飬ʣµȺߵĻ¼ɾͻࡣ
ȻջеģϾһͷƷͷƷ飬ǿɲǺöԸġңƷȻΪ綾ʵ½ǣٶȾԻ᲻ͣ
԰һҲܵõǧöˣôȥ϶ȥѰЩɢҪǿĶ࣡
¹һƣʱ۾Ź⣬ͺѾһѶԼӿһˮˡ
лZָ㡣
˿Ц⣬ŹZ˹֡
ǺǣʵӦ뵽ˡ
ZӹǸˣ뵽ֻǳ¡˶٣ѵһֱעˣһİһȣھʼҪıǷֿɾҪŬˡ
ֽȻڰֳ˺ܴķˣǣȴûиıֽҪı䣬ҪΰһεĴȡóɼſԡ
ϾǱǱֽû㹻ʵҲܹˣ
϶Ϊûκã
ڷƻЩΪȻʱ򣬷ϵǼʱԺ
ѵãƷʵ
׷ǣڰ£˭֪Ѿǰʮϣ
ȥֻ˷ʱ;ѡ
ΪʵԷƣоͷʹ
Ϊƽʱ䶼֮ϣûȥ鿴ż˽ЩΪ֪顣
ƶʱǺ˵
ҲԣǿᣬǲҪ԰ԼҲܹ֤ǵǿᡣܹɨǿߡ
Ȼ֮ɽǰʮߣ϶֪Ŀġ
漰ڵܡ
֪Ƹ˽һεʵķϣΪϸĽ
ǲģⲢҪˣҪǣʵҲԳһϵ˵ǰ½ˡ
ȻڲķѣǣֻҪһ죬½һģ
ԭ򣬾ǶԸǶԸĳδ֪㣬ҲǺϾڵ͵ǰһˣܹ˽⵽һЩĻģֻǰʮ壡
ĻʲôҲûֻƬƺǾûбҪԵʡ
ңǰʮ壬ܹ˽Ԫϻ֮⣬ܹһֱͨĴͨ
ѵҪ½Ʋɻˡ
ϵĽ˵˽⵽Ĵڣʵʥѧ࣬ԽҲˣΪǰʮ壬ԪϻᣬȻܹøԴ
ͨһһЩôֻҪȽ뵽Ԫϻܹ֪֮
ңͨһѾ㹻ǰʮˣţڴӰ½ǰ;УļʻǺܸߵġ
ɲһƵأƬϵ԰½ƺҲûжĺøУԼڸһȵλϣӰ½ǿߡ
ֻоʱ䰡
ӣʱ䣬ԣӦҲԳʥ۷徳ɣ
ңҲľ֧
֮ᣬǿ϶ǻǿʥ۷壬ЩƻǿߣʤļҲǺܵ͵ġ


1695 С
Ϊϵѣƽ֮ϣʱȴҲûйڵȥӡ
ϾûʵĻһжֻһջѡ
ңһһΣһǲУȴһһ꣬Բж⡣
ԣǰǵĵһĿ꣬ɻɱ飡
ڹZ£ʮ߳˵ھų֮󣬲ûпĳĳһǰУĿĵĴšһֻǵɱЩɢ顣
ʵԼҲçһԼ϶Ǻ֮ǣԣǲܷκһԳԼĻᡣ
ΧҪģɲֹçһ˶ѣ෴ģ͹Z˵Χֵÿһİ˶ֵûɡ
Ϊçһܲ᱿Լӷǰɣ
ЩϵĴӹǿߣƵҲûľٶȻĴѰټʲô֪һ
һʮˣûض·ߣܣôҰⱼһʱ䣬󣬲һͷû뵽һïʢĴֵС
ʱĸƬֵУСĽѰ
ʲô
һͻأõͷһ̧ͷһǱǷ֣ԼӵĿ꣬Լʮ״һŲľ֮ϡ
ӣ
ԺΨһͷǵһʱ䶼ǵͷܡ
ȻҲԼĿһʲôĸԼʱ٣һ£һЩ鷳
ģүүһˣкߣ
Ǻ˵·;ϣ˼ӰЩϷʵ漴м˵Ŀд
ȻĸԾͲһˣ仰ֳĸ򣬼䣬䣬ûаˮ
飡飡飡
ĸ˱Ƕ̱ڵأһ
һȺ棬ûһߣЫħʦ̳ģֻأȻ˵ٶǵһˡһˣԼٷŵˣзƽһˣл׶Ҳһˡ
ĸ˺רҵԲͬ壬ƺҲ֪ԷĴڣҲǵһμ档ǵȴҲߵյ㡣

³һ֮촽һβͣʱӦ޷׷Ѱǵ٣
˽ǵͷɫΪء
ǹZˣçײĳȥôĸˣԸǴԵΣ
ԣǷҲһĨҡ
Ϊ˰ȫһҲûǰĳļĴεɱɢ顣õʱһȺʮ߼ʮͷȺһСơ
УҲϵһЩεĵط߽ĳɽȻϸĹ۲û˸ٵ̽ӡ
ֱ죬ǵٶȲҷֳһӽ
һڼƻõĵصһͣ˰֮ȷΧûƲǾˡ
ȻᣬһȺǸ룬֮һУͰиλˡ
ָŹZԤƺõһ˽š
ȻǺΪҪǸ룬ȴǿȷZԵ޹ʵԼô
ģ
л׶˶ǵ˵ͷ
ȷҪ飬ȴɶˣ˵Ǽ˶ѣûΣնΣԡ
ϾǽԲ֮ڶû˻ᴳ롣
ңһӶôܻ˻أ
罻һ֮󣬷ƱǴСΣСĽǱ˽Χ
ǰľ飬СεַǴĸ򣬶׼ȷĽһ
ǰе·ϣһصʬ塣
֮ǰĲһΧΧȻΧ
⴦ӴɽȵУƼһɫĺ󣬲ɨһۣѸٵĵͷ
ͷƷ飡
һģȻɻǣûмȼƷΪӴڡ
ǣƱٴ̧ͷһɨȫһΣһͷһڡ
һͷӴļƷ׿ϣһͷͨ鿴ȥҪСڣҫ£ڵļ׿ǣȻʵϼ⡣ΧЩȫһ
ңͷСΧЩ飬֮µļƷ飬Ƕ¶֮⡣ȥĿǽͷĺܵ͡
ѵǲǳƷ飿
һɫԳء
Сɲʵ΢෴ģǽСڣƸܵһĲڡ


1696 ͹
ͷͨ鿴ȥҪСһۿȥͺڲͬȻֻǶݵɨӣǣȴûҵƷӵеβͶûС
ȫλڼӲļ׿Ǹ£Ҫ˺Ҫļ׿ǲС
ֻǣǷϼļ׿ǣƱ֪ķԶԶǼƷܹġ
õԭһ˿׵ˡ
ҲСεľ綾ܹʵǣȴδܹӰ쵽ķܹɱƷ飬Ϊôһ˿ڣԲܹ֡ǣͷƷȴǲһȥ˵ȱ
ңСֻ£ٶҲܾˣ
ǷΪǵ顣
ʦⳬƷľûȱ𣿡
ЩĵԺڶԷʵ
ҲУȴûб˷֡
ãŴϵǳء
ʵģһöƷܹ˵ľֱһλһ־ջûܹܡ
кܶ嶼ҪɱƷ飬ǣĴۺܴ󣬶ңõĳƷˣ
ûֹƷѾӵǵĳƷ飬ҲɵɵĴףǾʵ£ͻǧټƵѡ롣
ϵϸ˵֮󣬷ĵײɵ̾һ
ȷӵǣǼƷҪնɱǲܵ飬οǳƷ顣
ζʼɣ
˿֮󣬷ƱǶһԵС˵
ɱʼСθҪָ㣬ָϵĵ㶯һͷͷĵ£˳˯ûҡ
⴦ɽȺܴҲģûнɽȵУǻƶУܵɱΧΧ顣
ȻмƷڵĵطȻƹ
һܵһ
Ⱥжϡ
ҲΨһֵοˣ٣ôȥֻҪͲܹˡ
һȦɽ֮ڣҲǧͷ鵹С£ɽ֮ģ
㹻ˣڣƷͶ
Ʋṵ̂࣬Ϊ˳Ʒע֮ǸʱͶֻ¾ͻЩˡ
š
Сε˵ͷ֮һ˫ʱͱһƬڣʵʵڣǺھһĴڣңϵϢҲЩ䣬ɭ
ꡭ
ʮָ뿪һ綾ɫٵǴڼƷ׿ϵĳƷ顣
ҲǾ쵽Σھ綾֮ԭһֱڼ״̬ĳƷֱӾ޼ʣûа㣬ܹ˵Ϊ֮ᡣ
ˣһӰ˲ʧԭأټ
֨
ʮ綾ĻͷƷļ׿ϣֱ˽ȥ̣ͷƷǷĲҽ
ӴΧĵ涼֮ҡţһƬ鶼𣬱Ҷʱʼ
ã
ڳƷʧһ˲䣬Ƶɫɵһ䣬˿ԥģСεֱۣͷҲĳԶȥ
ǵ͹˳ƷľԣٶȣʱѾˡܹܵͷƷڿٵĽӽٶȼ졣
ৣ
һƿͷͽСһСĳƷǺڷǰǰżٵķƣ˫ڣȻһĨè׽Ϸɫ
¡¡
󣬲ź¡Ѹٵڽӽ涼Ϊ֮𶯣طѿһɲѷ졣
õԭѾɫķƣǳࡣ
ν֮ǰϻǣǽˣ·һңͷƷٶԾͿԣҪѸǲܵ顣

ȻڷƵûмңԺʱƽһͷ
ΨóƷжпܻ
˲䣬ƱжϣѸٵĶԵСηԸҺ棬ȫԳƷʩ
˵գ˷϶һɫףи۳һϢĳֱӾͳųƷȥ
ӣǲУ㣬зǳʱΨһƴ
ƵľٶֱӱõԭЩҵСѸٵ侲ӿϺھɫʮָſһ綾ָⵯųƷڵ
أ
ҲǸܵСεľ綾вԭŷɨȥĳޣֱӾ˦˵ϣһƣһرǱƷɣԭءͬʱѸٵĲƣɫ磬һεĶ㿪˾綾Ϯ


1697 
ɽڵıңԶл׶ͬҲ쵽ˣǣΪ෴ǲ֪Ǳߵԣ˿ҲֻܽŵĴԭأ˵жܹȡóɹ
Ҫø棬Ǿͱ븶Ҫܾ޴ķա
㣬δйı䣬κʱκεص㶼ˡ

飡
Ʒͷϵĳ鶯Ķߣ٣һĽǶȣֱӾ˦ڷƵؿڣ֮˦˳ȥ
ȿȡ
ƿѪؿڱеλãһƬѪ죬ܹһɭ׵Ĺ

СζʱſָҲࡣ
û£
ѸٵΪؿڵĴˣ̲ס΢ĳ˳飬ʹһѸٵĿСΣУ䲻ƶٶ̫ˡ
볬Ʒ齻֮󣬲˽⵽Ŀֲٶȣиɻ
Сεľ綾ȻܹԴǣǲҲá
㣬ƵȷûпȫԲ˵ľС
󣬺¡ˣǼ˲䣬ƱܹԵĸܵµĲھҵ
Ҳ˵ȺѾ޵ĽӽˣǱ׷ϣǲһҲûˡ
壡
һҧֻѡƴˡ
ꡭ
һ·ϣСβϵĵ綾ųƷ鲻ܿȺ롣
һʱ֮󣬳ƷƺЩŭ˫ӸǶһ㺮˪ĿֱӾͷСϡ
ҵǣΪɵСεһ綾ԣлṥСΣѡܿ
ҲΨһֵҵˣ
ƵɫɣΪ޷˦ͷƷ飡
ɲǺϢңΪҵģСҲЩ֧ˣһС԰ֽˮϵĵ䣬ȴһֱҧš
϶壬Ҫʹñͷ־ҵĶԣҲܴܺѹ
ңʱѾʱûֹͣˣ
ʱڣȺѾ࣬ٴʱƸܲϵ־ҵĲˡ˵Ѿ˦Ⱥܳһξˡ
ȻȴûзΪֻҪͷƷһֱڸţôȺҲǳ顣
ҹܿ͹ȥˣһƳڵ䣬˹ůɽҲһ㱡ǡ
ৣ
ӰѸٵĴһƬгѸٵûֵС
ζֲסǾϢһᣡ
ѾǵǶٴСˣȻȴһֱļš
ζУҪϢ
Сɫ԰׵ĳһЦõвɵһ飬ʹЩϢǴڴҲʱǧ֮һ
СΪμţʱڱǷһѪ˿̣еķŭȴʧ
ͣ˽ŲվԭأǰɽһƬĳ˸Īľâ
ζа취ˣ
ѸٵĽԼ뷨֪СΣҲһ
أ
ƷܿҲͣסСҲԼ˫ڶʱһĨԻɻ
ӵǵûмŹǾƶһ˫ڻ˦ĵһ׵Ѻۣƺڽĳ̽
ȻȴɲСҲͬˣֻǣȴû뵽һڡ
Ʒͣԭƺ˼˲䣬ڱӿһ˪һ֣ǻһӰѸٵ˳ڡ
֨
̣Ƭڱ쳹һĽ𶯣һƬǱɢΧһƬֶǱݻ٣Ϊƽء
ɹˣ
ĳƷ飬ڶʱһĨϲɫûκԥģСεֱۣǿٵȥ
ȷСεĹٶȣҪгƷǲܵ飬ΪǷҲûаܹпƶеĳƷ顣
ǣ֮󣬷Ʊܵʾ
ڣ
ȻƷˣܹܵĵƷڼȴûҪնɱ뷨
޷ȷķûбңѾĳƷ飬ʱֻɲڰ˽׵ĳ̶ȡ
ѾЩҡҡ׹СΣƲðա
ٹһʱ֪ΪιZѡһ·ˣΪڲԶȻһӪңƺġ
ûκԥģԽӪ֮󲻾ãǵת˷򣬳л׶Լõĵصǰš


1698 ζ
ԭƻ˰죬Ȼл׶˲֪ʲô飬Сǲ԰׵СǱ֪϶ǳ⡣
ζôˣ
綼ѸٵĿ˹Ŀ
ڼ鵽ϲûд֮˲΢΢˿Ȼǲſŷơ
һЩС⡣
ǴһĨЦһǷϣʵ˭СΣãǵõˣɹİ˳Ʒ׷˾
Ƹ磬ʲô£ѵǱçһǿˣ
̲סʵһ˫Сճȭͷ΢ҧ´֮Щס
л׶ҲͬվԭأȴŷƵĻش
ϾǿҲΨһܻᷢˡ
ǡ
ҡҡͷ˿֮󣬲˵ǳƷ飬ûԤƵٶȣԣһֱ޷
ھΣⶼΪûпȫԵʣõСβԼһÿСν綾뵽˳Уǿһֱ޷ѳƷ׷Ϯ
ζ
ɵһ
ɲǿЦģͶɹģǷҪԵģǿһͷƷ飬˵ܹǰȻĻѾһ漣ˣ
̫ģζֻĹˣϢһӾͻָ
ƳǿһЦûм˵ȥߣسС
úۣһֱŬ飬ȴûһΣСΪԼܵһ˺
Լ˶ӻˣôӵٸߵľкã
ڷ˵ĸߵͲҪҪǣܹƽһУΪԼǸҰȫ
ˣҲûжʣһֱ¹Ҳܵ˲ͬѰգû³
˽ƵһȺˣŷǺ޶־ӣ¶ɵһ̾Ϣ
Ǵûм¶飬ǵڤ֮ʱǰ֯ս죬־߰η塣
Ȼʱȴ¶ųһ桭
ûܹܵں£Լ˻ܵ˺»ʧȥСΣԼ㹻ӻԼˡ
ҪֵǴʱȴҲ֪οڡ
س;Уһֱûпڣһ·鶼Ǳĺ䱬׿Ƕ
ǻZҲЩ⣬΢һ˼֮ƺǲ²⵽˻ᷢһЩʱɫҲɵı˱䡣
ҴζȥϢ
仰Ʋûж˵һ֣СαǳǵСԺȥ
ڣСЩ԰׵ŴϣһֱغڴߵķƣһƬů
һֱܹܵƶԼ簮ӵһμ濪ʼԣµʱûȷѪԵϵбѾ϶˷ơ
ζû£û£ζѾúöˡ
СҲϣԼĸһŬȰ˵ţȻЧȴ΢΢
Ȼһֱû˵ǣȴܹܵǿھεġ
֪аǸݵʱζ֪ΪξϲˣΪڵߣζܻһůĵĸоζ֪ǵζİζһֱܹܵĵ
Сһֱţ˵䣬Щʣһ˫۾ҲŨŨЩ죬ͷ΢΢Щ鶯
ãԼҸģҲԶ޷Լһμĳ
ζǵܣίˡ
С֣ȥֱ˫ͷȴЩᡣ
ѾĺܺˣζãӦýһеĹһ˿οҲǵĴǵǿܾͻزˣ𣿡
СЩϣԼĵǷȥ
ԭһֱķƱۣԸķơ
⣬Ҳͬ۾죬ˮ˳¡
ƴûбκ˻ܹһ·ϣ̫ǿУǿǿ谭ǰһɽߵ죬ûǷϹûٹҲûη
ǣ˿̣ȴǵˣ
Ψһߡ
η壬ʧȥԼˣԼ˵ȥƴȥģȥǰ
ζ˵ʵÿһ˶͵һҪңÿһ˲ܵ˺ԣÿһ˶Ŭţף裬裬衭ǶŬǶҪΪԼĹסԣʧȥǵͬʱҲͬڵ㡭
СŶ϶˵ţ£Լ


1699 ̤;
ҲǿΪϵһЦĶпޣΪܹһУ³ԼҲδɡ
ǣɻ飬ңʤԼ
ǾԽߵ˾ԽҸǵõܹ
վ۷ϵʱ򣬻׿һѰ׹ǣߴֻһˣĳɾͣһУ˭ȥ
õ棬ΪΪ¼˵ˣʧȥ㣬߻ʲôԵУûһֵεģǽӽ㣬ֺ㣬Ϊ˴ϵõ棬һ𣬻ģ
վߴ֮󣬲ܹһСԣڵ㲻òȥܶòȥȡ棬ͬʱһɱġȻվڸߴģҲֻǻں޶ѡ
ܶණһʧȥͲ飬㲻ץˣпܣͻԶʧȥжĳɾͣ˶棬ǵã޼۵ģ

Сεһϯߣõķڵ׺䶥öӦ
ȷûпǵЩСԣÿһ˶һôΪŬͬʱִ˶ѹüҪΪԼٵǣ
ˮ۽Ļ䣬ڵ棬ˤķ顣
Ƕȿǣƺͬʱܹܵ磬ߣз糾ضԼĵǡ
ÿһΣԼʱǴЦͻȻŲһЦ֮صʲô
ǵԼǣȴ˵ڣ»Լţ»ΪԼ׸Լ
⣬Լǵİ෴ģͻȻŷ֣ԭԼܲΣûпǹԼ£ôô죿
һΣڵСλµͬʱСҲˣԣһֱҧš
ΪʧȥԼУԼеһҪǿԸԼȡԷ
ʱھεͬʱСҲɻھΣɻʹ
ͬʱ뵽磬ҲԼǷϵͬʱҲΪԼš
ৣ
ûκԥģƱվСζͷһ֮Ѹٵתŷȥ
ˣСεˮʪͷڣȴ˸Żϲɫ
֪Ѿͨˡ
κ飬Ҫһ˳ܵģܵԽ࣬ʵĬĬļˣͻܵĸ࣡

ţƱǿ滨һ˿ɵıǽӵ뻳С
Ǹ뵰ԭңԭҵ˽
˲ᣬΪ鲻˿̣ٴᣬһʹ޷
ܹܵĵΪ˲ΪԼ׸Ů˶٣еļ϶Լ
Ͼ츳϶ԣûа취ȵģǣǴʱȴܹԼվͬһϣ룬Ǹ˶Ŭ
ԣǲҪΪԼѹǾͱңĸãֵĸǿ
ţһ죬ѾԶˣʱκ˶޷ܹвĵ

һ󣬷ЦӯӯСΣһҸ磬ٴγǰ
ⲻɵΪ֮ȻɫɫҲЩŹ֡
һǰҪҪģȴһЦݣ仯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ңڷϣƺһֲͬʣƺӵȳˡ
ҵʧǳ˲Ҫķա
ZűӣЩ˵š
ZֲˣҰ·ߣ͸һݴӦܲŶԣ
ƺǿʵĴЦҲֳһ׺
ε¼ϣһκ飬κιϵԵģ˾֣Ҿһߡ
ҲΪһ仰ZһζԷƹĿ࿴
ܹ⵽ܹĺܺõˣܹһ£
룬һZһѾ׼˰ɣ
ûصĻͣת˻⡣
Ȼ
Z˵ͷȻݸһᡣ
Zַˡ
΢ЦŽӹ˾ᣬֳ˶־л׶ʵλѵǻҪϢ죿
ģӹǶˣϢʲôߣȡȥȡ߳ط
¹غһ¾վֵ߹ŷƱȥ
һǶһЦվ빫Zк֮͸ȥ
ȤһȺˣҲܹΪһʱҫ۵ǡ
ǹȥıӰZϵЦŨˣ˸ĪĻâ


1700 
һεľ֮󣬵ڶΣƵȻҪܶ࣬һ·ϣǰ˸̽ӣһ˵ڶ
ʲôʱ֣
ûжֵ˼һԵл׶̲סѯʵ
磬ʱ
ŲŻƻɫ촽һĨ⡣
ƷѾӵǣǽ綾ʽɢֻ³ƷҲɵɵꡣ
ö㿪СεĹͿԿĳ
ôΨһܹжİ취ǽ綾뵽УֻܹѳƷ׷Ϯ
ԣڷƲżһֱڵȴźʵʱ
СҲͷһЦһоڲС
л׶Ȼʲôʱδţô϶ĵҲĵԭصȴš
֪ҹƲվһԵС˵жˡ
һΣȻҪ˳࣬ȻЩգȴûܵˡ
ҪΪҪƬԣһֱţֱһʱ֮󣬷СαһڣûκģֻӵгǵĳƷˣ󣬷Ѹٵ롣
һһƷһжʧȥ׷ȥĶһֱԭţƺֶܾԻԼˡ
ǣһл׶˸ϵԼõĵصʱ򣬱ǼСѾȴǶʱˡ

ڣçһĴԺڡ
˿̣һʮ͵ߣһȥӻ㱨ʲôҲΪǲõϢüͷ΢΢
߻㱨֮ת͸ϣһЩ԰׵¶˳
˲ǱˣһڳֵǸçһĸˡڿҲ߲ڣҲ൱ڸˡ
ɼçһҲӵв׵ݡ
˵һɳȥֱɱˣ
üͷЩɫԵЩ䡣
Դӵһ¼֮󣬶ԷһȺ˵ļӾһֱûֹֻͣȴҲʵĻѡ
ҲΪǰεļӣһЩ
岢çһǿʢĴ壬Ͽ˵û˴洢ôһ˵ʵϣǰʮĴһЩΪǿ֮⣬û洢ˡ
һ˶ҪڶǴ洢˵ϢɢȥǺпܻһЩĵע⡣
Ͼںܶ˵ԸˣȥԸҪǿĶࡣ
Ƶ˴һ㵽㣬ռ˵ʱ䲻Ƕ̶̼ѣȻĻɡ
÷һ˱չ֮˵鿴Ȼһǲš
̶̵ļʱڣĽƷڵ֮⣬һգ
һԽܵϢǼ˴˵Ҳ⣬ǲܽʵ
Ȼһ㶼ǰ鿴֮òʵ
Ȼ֮ڣһǿ
ģΪǼķƣ߲Ӱɭ˺пܹǣԲô̵ʱڰ쵽
ңΪҪǣûеļ
Ӧһ飬߸˰쵽顣
ŵ׶ðо֣
ܹ飬ôʵǶôĿֲ
޷ڶصʷҲûҵб֮Ϊǿļء
ȻЩɣǲ尵ϵǣʧˣûмǰʮĸߵĺܽ
ԣֻ˵ٴγһδ֪ǿУ
õçһһֱԭãҲ˼
δ֪ǿΪУ򵥵˵
ǵĴˡ
ߵϺˮ죬ͷҲ̧ƺηӡ
ˡ
Ӳɵ̾һתǰӰеǽڣһĨĹâ
߲ڵĽɶгƷڣңǰҲһϢӪƷϮˣ
飬ӪһϱˣԭλĽʣһǧͷѡңҲкۼ˹⽫Ӫģ
ֻ룬;ͷƤ顣
ܼ򵥣ҲûȥһͷƷ飬֮󣬻ûл·
ţԲԼģôֻһܣݺ壬賬Ʒ֮󣬳ǣ
Ȼû֤ݣǣһ뵽ľǷȺˣ


1701 
ӵӡУûĸܹ飬ңҲḶܴĴۣûбҪ
ҪĨ壬Ҫ˵Ĵ¡ΪɱһȺҪöԸˡ
ûгȥͷƷ飬Ҳ˵ǵʵԶԿƷ顭
ܿΪЩʣµһ˵ʵ׼ȷж˳ʱӸˡ
ǸʵţƵ˿϶ὫͷƷһɱܻὫ֮¡
ϾһöƷˣֱܹһΪûܹܵջ
ôǷܹ賬Ʒֽ֮Ļĳǿ߳أ
ΨһĻᣬЩǱһֽ֮űǿԵ
ҲΨһĻᣡ
ˡ
ţűǱˡ
ʲô£
ĮĻ³Լλߵǡ
һʱǰһңմ˵ķԸǰǴ۲죬һͷʬ塭
˵㱨Ҳз
Ϊ𺳵ĳˣͷ߰صĵԭأȫһƶĺۼûУ
ûзֳƷټ
ʵʱԼҲЩŵĵȴĻش
Уڴ֮⣬˳Ʒ٣лͷƷ飬ԼƷһǧͷҡ
ϸĻشţԼһȫга
ȻˣûʵԸƷ飡
ӵĺҲɵļ࣬ˣƽ˵֪ˣĲ۲죬һǼ˵Ϣֱӻ㱨ң
ˣ
洫һĻشǻָ˰
ҵģǱȻܹΪƽأ
ȭͷ΢΢קںһĨ˵֮⡣
ѾǷϵķȥɣţǺȥ𣬾ѾǷˣҲӦ÷ӳһЩȡ

ʱƵ˽߲Ѿһˣһڣ
ǹZ˼
Ϊ飬Ѿڵ߲ڴķз嶼˶ȣ׷׶ɳڵţҪҳʲôġ
Ϊ߲ɲͬ£ܹϢڵ߲ڣвͨġ
ԣǱܿͷ
ңΪڶΣرǵͬ¼֮󣬼ÿһ֮ⶼפغǸûжֵĻᣬǶ֣Ҫ¶Լ١
ڣѾçһ壬ҲУԣֻܵȴŷ糱ƽϢȥٶˡ
ȻЩҲûͣ£϶νڱչأˡȻŹȥһʱ䣬ƵľȴѾ߽׾磡
Լ켯ȻҲ⡣
Z֣ˣ
£ƱǶûбչصĹZʵ
ӣǲˣЩѾڸӪҪȥôҪǰʮ塭ٵһ룡
ZӣǴһĨǳǳĿЦ
ȻǺϢȥֻ⼸Щ˶᳷ȥ
л׶˶֮󣬷Ʊǽޱ˵˳
˵üͷǶݾҪˣǾͱȥѰЩɢܻȡˡ
ڵ˹ã
ƳĬһԵл׶ʵ
ΪһαȽ⣬˱л׶ʱš
˸ˡ
л׶Щɬ˵
⻹ΪֻҪð˷ݵ£Ȼֻ߸öѡҲ˵ǼϹZһʮһˣ˵ķݣƻҪһܹ㹻ˡ
Ҫһ
üģĿתZ
ҵĽ黹òҪΪпçһӦѾµΪһжǿ϶ᷢʱܻʧأ
Z΢΢üͷһصš
¶СεСҪǣϣְܳ⣬ȻпܷСζΣգ
š
˳ĬУ֮󣬲ʵɱɢҪòܹ˷ݣ
õĻģ㹻ˣãôʮҲ޷롣
Zʵʵ˵ޱ
Ϊⷬ˶üͷ˳ĬС
и飬֪ɲС
֮л׶ڡ


1702 ֮
˶ĿתԼ֮л׶˵ڼȻѾ㹻˰˷ݣǾͲҪ˷ʱȥȡˡ
˶٣Ǽ˵ѡ񣬵һѡ˱չأʣȡˡܴҶܣôֻʣµڶѡ񡭡һͬչأھ֮֮ʱ룬ǸʱеעӦöᱻȥǸʱǿԳûһǾأ
ⷬ˺ʵĶƫ˵ڶѡ
Ϊû˻Լͬ飬Ǵֵ¹Ҳˡ
Z֣õڶѡ𣿡
˼ֽĿڹZϡ
⡭
Z΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ԭ˵ûз¼󲿷嶼ԴʧȥȤΪ˿ԹܶˣǻỳɣѾҪˣǣҲçһ廹ǲΪǺпҲߵԣǾ󣬳ļҲеġ
ԼķϸĵõԭЩϣɵٴγȥ
ģﹷӣүүҲɣһһȥǵѣ
¹ز޵ŭԴ˺ߡ
Ȼ⣬ǷԸðգҲֹϾƣС˵İΣȣ໨ʱԵ΢ˡ
ͬҲˣҲСγ⣬ôǰģֻһ·ѡ
һǽȱչأϾ˻ǺܳģǱչؾ꣬ӦҲỹʣࡣ
ڷ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬹ZˣĿڷͣ˵ҾãһξȣҪٵȰ꣬ܶͻ᲻һˡ
Ȼ롣ʣҪ͸ˣԼ϶ѡɱǱչء
ΪȿǵĿ϶˵İΣɱİȫϵȻҪࡣ
ǣZһֱӾ͵˷Ƶ
Ʋһˣֽ״Ĺʢǰںơһʢ٣ûʱȥһ꣡
Ҫ
ƺܲ仰һЩ֪١Ȼ⻰ǴӹZ˵ģȻỳʵԡ
ʵģ϶ǹZһЩʲô
ʱ䡭
뵽ݵʱޣЩͷʹ
ӵϵ߲㣬ǻʮʱ䣬Ҫ߲߳ȥǺʵģ϶Ҫʮϣ
ʱ䣬δܵʥ۷徳ܹʲôأ
оԼ֪ԼܹЩʲôЩϹŶѾﵽʥ׼µĴ츳ھԶ£϶ǵĶ֡
Z˵е
л׶һ̬ˣ֮˽һһ̬
̫ƵΪˣԣ·
Ǿͣչذɣ
磬Сζ̬֮󣬷Ҳֻ˳ˡ
Ȼѡ˱չأҲϣ˷ʱ䣬һ֮󣬸ƴճһ˷ݣٽʣµƽָÿһˣ˱һͬ˳мν֮ڡ
ǵıչأɿ˵߲Щغڽ֮̽ӣÿÿҹգһ۾ôһһļš
ֻǣһ˱չصϢܿľʹçһ塣
ڽھųÿһȳţνܷɼӣһκһ˵Ϣ֪ͨҡ
ӵԸȥ֮çһֻ̽ѡӣ֪λ˲ԭصȵҲƶԼڵλá
ȻùĿɲֹǱ˶ѣļпܻλ˵ŭлһ

ʱĺܿ죬رĵУܲʱţôѸٵˡ
һбһ貵ϼ⣬һƬ򣬷ԲǱϼ֣ԶôȥһƬϼֵǴ˵еġɾһ
ۼ
ңϼһֱûɢȥһֱڣԲ֡
ȻͲסįðյҲ˽֪ҪôԵǾҪվ
ԣڵ죬ǧӿ뵽⴦ϼС
ϼ⵱Уûзֲ飬һͨˣҲϼıԵ߶ܵ˺
õĺܶ˶һۼȫУҪõе
ȻֻҪˣû߳


1703 ֮
֮䣬Ȼ޷ڸǣܿģǴ磬Ķŷ׷ɳǿ߽뵽ƬϼֵС
ǣֻҪ뵽ϼûκϢһЩһȫ뵽УҲ⣬ûһ߳
Ϊֹ뵽еһѾʮǼʮң뵽ϼڵѾͻʮ
ǣǾһŹſ죬٣Ǳû٣۾ߵͣû߳ͳϢ
ɳЩǿҲ⡣
û֪ǾǻΪЩ¼õͷԷȵ˶ֹͣĶ𲽵ֻѡΧϣһЩߡ
ʱ𾪵Ϣˣ
һһϹŶԭѾûɻˣǣ뵽Ƭϼ֮󣬹鷢ˣ
֣ԼѾݽߵڵõ
˵ʲô
˵ֻҪƬϼ£ͿԳһֱȥ޷
ȴϢʱ򣬲ûжţǣȴһϹŶǰϼ
Ŀ࣬ѾһϢˣ뵽Ƭϼһʱ󣬾ͻǻָһ
һ߳ϼܹܵţֻŵٶȲǰ죬
Ҳ˵ֻҪϼоܹ˵
˺Ϣסһʱ䣬籩㴫磡
ƬϼҲһ֮֡
ûܹϣңܹ٣ÿһһ׷飬ȴֻҪ뵽ϼܹ
ûܹܵ־ջǶ֤ʵϢ֮Щסˣǿ̽ӷ׷׸֮һʱڣƬΪ
˵ĵطͻгͻѪÿһ춼ڳ֮ڷƬ⣬ѾʬۣڵأҲȾɰɫ
νĳ֮򣬲ԴԶԣܹ˳֮⣬һƬ
ȻûܹرЩнľϹŶѾûжɻȻǸΪ񣬶ң󲿷ֶǽ뵽˳֮Ѱ֮ա
ȻֻҪվƬϼֵܹӳôƬϼ֮ڣ϶ͻгܣ
㣬ֻҪǴܹ뵽
ԣһ꿪ʼľʹ˶ûܹƵˣʧȥԼûй򣬻һƬ
ڵڶ꣬ĶƺĳЭ飬ԼҪͬ⴦νĳ֮
û˻Ƭھų֮գǣҲûΪԼܹƬǶҲܣ
ˣһҲԸҲЭ飬ռһƬ
㣬ǶҲֻѡЭϾҲܹһȫңҲûǸʵ
еһҲһɺֲܿԴݻһСݻٶ
һ꣬ȻЭڴɣ֮ڵǻңǿӿ뵽֮ĪıˣûаѶûκϢǴʧһ
õòҲֻһЩɢޣµ˲Ż嶯ȥðա
һ֯Ľ볤֮ܹƬڵһЩߡ
ǳɹˣֻǣϢȴϾ
ΪϼǵĽֻҪ뵽ƬڵˣĪľʧ׵ʧȥϵ
ǣֻ֣Ҫǰһ̤֮ڣͻᱻһĪߣֹˡ
Ϣ֮Ҳ͵˵֮꣬𽥵ƽͻ¼ĺСҵϱˡ
Ȼͷ򲻸ˣӽڣȻӳһ
ǸɢޣѾӽʥ۷徳磬ϧǣֻ˵־
ż
ʲôżûֻ֪һЩΪϵ˽һЩ顣ȴö֪
Ȼ˳ɹ֮߳󣬱õҰҸȼˣ
ʣɢ޲ǽΪߵģǣܹӳ˵ڽڻͨģֻûбֶѡ
ңЩ뵽ڵˣҲ˵ȫˣ
ǣȳٴƬƽĳ֮ӿ

˿̣ҲǷڰڱչصĵڰ˸ͷ
꣡
һ쳹ֱӽƻ˹


1704 
ԺֱӴ˷ƵѻصʵС
˵ıҲһĨãǲ鿴ϱһĨͣૣȻǡ
ڽ뵽֮ǰҵһö壬ңڷϵ£ڽָڡ
ԭΪòȴû뵽ʱʮ֮ö徹Ȼˡ
Ҳ˵
Ӧóˡ
֪ΪΣŽָѵ壬һֵĸо
²Ȼõö壬Ǿ˵϶鷢ˡȻദҲûкܾãǣ˽⣬Բһ²ʵˡ
ٰ߽˽׾磬λܳʥ۷塭
һеڵƵüͷ΢΢
ûдﵽʥ۷֮ǰȥԲһȷѡ񡣿˵ʱ⣬çһ϶ΪطҪأ
ûдﵽʥ۷϶ΣաȻѾٰ߽˽׾磬ƹƣԼҪͻʥ۷ĻٻҪҡ
ϾԽ棬Խͻơ
꣬϶ᷢġң浽ǸʱҲһЩ
ȻҲӦüչأǣ㣬϶д·Ҿã㻹Ӧóȥһˣ٣Ӧ֪ʲô¡
ϵԺ𣬽Ե˵š
š
˼֮󣬷Ҳ˾վȭͷ΢΢£ڸǹȵ
ǿѹ֣ôһϣҪƿС¶һĨԵɫ
ڵǵǸ֮ǰܹģʮʱ䣬ӵĳʵӵǿˣ
ãԼ̫СˣСһͷ׶ɱĵز
Լ龿жôΣˣзϱӻ֮ɣû·ԣ
ڵңѾǸˡ
أȻ۾¶һĨ貵Ĺâհҫۡ
վҪĻǿԼֻԼǿˣǲǿǿߣ
ڵȻۣܳԱǾûġңŵ
ڷ߳νʱ򣬱չصеѩĮѩ࣬ͬʱ۾ڣһƬ嫺ǳޱ޼ʡ
ʱҪʼıˡ
ȻǴͬһռڣǣ˿ȴ˵һģһĻ
ͬʱһֱغν֮̽ӣҲ˷ơ
ȻҲ˭̽ӣǣ֪Χ϶çһڣȴҲûж⣬һĨĻȣǵĳųмĴȥ
һ⻪󣬷ƳڰڵĴСӦ֮Ŀбӣֱ߳˴˿ΧЩĿ⡣
Ȼһֱڰڣǣ¼ȴʹ￪ˣңȻûж棬ǣòȴΪ˵֪
߳һ˲䣬վˣֱܶӱ㽫ڽָڵֱ顣
ৣ
һ΢ƿƻбǶһʱǵĻȸŨˡ
ûȥѦŴ󲽣߳˰
ٺ١
һϤȴİЦֱӱ𣬶ߣҲתƵ˳֮һϤӰǳ
һʽĳƯȴõŮҪԲλࡣ
׼СرǼƴӰ֮߳ſǸЦݣЩĶǣõ·˶Ϊ֮ɵۡ
Ѿ֪ٴΣԼһǸ𣿣
ţһ˾ȻҲô
һ
ֱ㶵Ŀ⣬Ʊֱܿӣĳֱ߽ʵ˵ɣҳʲô£
Ѿٰ߽˽׾ˣӣܿͻﵽʥ۷徳ˡ
ʵĻشţֱӾʹֵһֱֻ۴ڷƵļϣ˵ܲվ˵ɣ˵һﻹǷһٷ
˵գҲȷƾܾŷƳŰųڵĴȥ
һ·ϣǱĿ⣬Щ˻¶Ӷɫõķƺ޵ġ
ͬʱһ𺳣ΪֻϴãԼȫĻѡ
Ҳ˵пܣľ֮ϣѾ̤ʥ۷壡


1705 ټ
ﶼĴڣųҲˣܹ봺ˣǰ½ǰʮԪϼ
壬ܹӵңܵ룬Ȼ¾һЩ֮ڵ֮壬Ҳûʸ档
ԣܹ봺ɾ൱λÿһ˶磬Ŀ⿴Щܹ봺ڵˡ
һ·ϱĿ⣬ģӶķƣİϰ֮£һν뵽˴ڡ
̤ϴ¥һ˲䣬һ˫˫ԭɫӣֱӾͱ˾㵣ţη壡
Ѹٵԭأֱӳ˰ųǣ
ǣǳÿһܹ봺¥ʲô
ʣҪôʵǿᣬҪôһȻңȻﵱУӵв׵ݣ
ȻҲû˼ȥ׷ЩҲûڵڶֱͣӱ˵㡣
ʣò͵ĵط
λҪʲô
˲¥ʱ򣬱һŮӭЦݣ˵ţһ˫ŴˮӣǴŹһžɨɨȥ
ȻҲǱǰӸסˣţʱκҪԥĴӦ
ϾڴֵطŮⷽľǴ͸һнľͷҲֻӡ
ȻҪ
һǰƣŮӵĻȻѸٵջֱۣ˵ԵģֻҪƲˣȫСүûǮ
⻰ܲòͷԸ˿ⵥ
λԵȣ
һ仰֮ŮԾһĨŨŨʧ䣬ǺְҵӦһ䣬Ѹٵ뿪
ԴˣûһǴһûûλЦһԿλȥֱ̱ϣлૣˣǸطҲȥˡڽˣٺ٣
֪ĻģҲֹܹһĨɼľ⣬ûкȥʾʲôط
϶ҲʥأȰĵط
ڰ֮󣬷ĸоҲ紫˵ģ෴пǰ½ĳЩͣΪ㣬ԲŽڴ˵ء
ԣȻ½ܹ˵طôЩǿȻҲԴһƵĴڡ
Ķ棬ƻȥֱٴʵ˵ɣΪʲôҳ
𼱣˹͵ġ
һЦ˵š
⻰΢΢һУȴҲûзȥǾλϡ
Ǽǵãʳ㲻ϴαһ٣ڻЩδ
ò˵ԺĹԣõһǿڴ
ûãյױǱҿˡ
һϯɫȹĴ¥ϣ۽ǴһĨЦ⣬ֱһ
ڷᣬĿΣһһЦ֮¶һ˵ķϣĭ磬ˬһ京ŵһ޶ףǧģױȣĺǾĶǡ
˼ؼûܹܵջ¥ԭмٲһӶǵԲ۾ĿĽŲƶƶš
ǴһˣȻ
һȥΪӿзĺڴſӵƺ޲ýѹ£ݺݵŰһܰݡ
Ȼ
ʱ
죬ΪһˣڴĵλȻҲǲͬ죬һˣǾԲܵĴġ
ңֵĴҲ٣ܹҲζѡ
˵ڶһкƷٵߵĺܽң˶ɹһҹ
ϧˣǱ
˵һֱûȷĹҲ˵лᡭ
һЩ漴¥ĴһЩ˸ѾվҪȡλһ˵ķġ
Ȼһصܿͷˡ
ūҴ죬Ʒٹӣ칫ӡ
˷һ֮󣬴ͣ˽ŲһĨЦ⣬лĴ
ִӴ˵֮¥ϴ󲿷񶼲һ¶Ȼɫ
Ȼ¼Ȼ᲻˽λڶ¼еλǵݡ


1706 ³
ϣȱЩˣңܹ뵽¥ܵĺӵܡ
ڼ쾹Ȼŵ̬ŷ˵֮¥ϣмȥΪֱӾվסˣŷ죬ǵܵĶʻ
ǣкüˣӸֱӳŷһ
ЩȻУȴװûпһϡ
С죬ĺģСûĵģȻҵַ棬˵ǲʲôԻ
һԹĶŴ챧ԹţҪԷƴֵ˼
칫ӣūҲ˼
ϲûжı仯෴ģƺϵô˵ԣǴһĭЦݣݵĻش칫ԸĻһΣūȽйӾˡ
ףǶԼ˵̬𣿣
һ໹Ӣһ߿˴ߣŭ죬ҪΪֻع˼
ϽǸȻݹˣ
һ׺Ϣӣ˵ȴǳ嶯࣬ЩͱˣɷϢ¥
ԭǼһͬӣվ֮Ҳڨڨ˻ȥڻžηɫ
Ȼǵ˵ģǾη
ԴˣûаʾֻǣǰЩ͵죬ǸǹһĨϷʵЦ⡣
η
ԲŶʮңҲǷʥ۷ѣԳΪΪųû˸ڵǡ
ңҲΪԵʣȻ޷֪ڶǳֵӵʲôǸ¼ô¡
һӵ𣿡
ΧһЩƱ˽⵽˵ݡ
ڰųڣȻȫǰ½ˣҲв٣ʱڰųڣһǰӣǷֱһеһ
ֱʱ򣬷Ʋüġ
ȻΪԵܹᣬǣʵǲˣ˶˵ҲԳˡ
ˣ
˽ݵˣжΪĬ¶ϧɫ
ȻҲΪλǣ׵շƽһ
Ͳ˵ˣĹƢǳĳǶ֮Ӷ֮ЫȥߣƷ٣ǲˣֱưʥأһλ벽ۻ˰ʥصɽţɱ˰ʥصϴʥʱ¡ɻǣȴʧȥټûٳֹ
ûܹ뵽Ȼٴγ֡
뵽ķз¼֮ǻȻƺҲ֪˳ԭˡ
ûи
ڴҪֹ˵ʱȴǺܷ߿վЩָŷƽеСռ˴õıˣһʹöɹ˴һҹǾȻ鷳вǰǣ
һϯõԭϴ㿴ϷķϵɫɵһͣǺݺݵĳ˳顣
⻹ǸƵļһƾȻҲ൱Ĺ졣
ӿⷬʾʱ˼֣Щʢ֮⡣
쵰Ȼ´ɱ
ϳɷϢֱӾ̲סˣֱӱǶŷƳ֣ɱȻ
ס֣
ЩȴֱͻȻõ˲ܵĪвһɵĵ󲽣һ㵵ĿǰɵŮӡ
ֵģȻǴ졣˿̣ԭĭϣȴǹŶеĺ˪ֽűĸо¥ϵ¶ȣƺҲ˶ٵ½㣬õӶɵһ
ֱ˿̣ǲŴӴòѹʶ챾˵ݣԼܹġ
Ҳڰųųǵİǣ봺ֱ鲼ȣЩ΢ˡ
λӦ֪ǴĹأڴڣֹˣ
ĿĿˣ֮ǰˣ˵ĺĻܱǸΪǵΪַҴλǣԼ봺ʸȡ뿪󣬲ȻҴὫλͽ
Ȼһֱþ￴ƿʵϣȴǽ˴ӢӸֱ̱ڵء


1707 򳪸
һ̱ڵأһɫվˣ¥ϣЩ¶ֻɫЩȻǾãԼ뿪ȥȡˡ
ʣһȡ봺ʸǾͻܵѹ
ʹˮ飬ܶ˶ԸңҲţһ֪ļһ˭֮Ҳֱӳųǣ㵽ĳȥӣʱǧڲٳ֡
󣬴ڲ˱ǳ֣ɴŮӣȻȥСȴû˸Сǡ
λɣ
ɴŮӾǴӵ߳һվԣеĻ䣬ݿܡ
ƸܵĵŮȻŬĿڵɱϢǣɻһ˿˿
õⲻɵһͷ
ԽԽⴺɲˣΪɴŮӵĴڣû
ڵ֪鲼֮Ѿ쵽Ŀֲ
ʵģĲ˵һһļල֮£֮£ǴҪʲô飬ǺʵģԻ°빦
ڴŮӱ֣Ʊܹ쵽ǱϿȥǰĺƣƵ˲ѵЯ˾ɱŮ
ԷƵľҪŨɱ֮⣬Ҫɱһǧϣǵɱ
ʲôõĴЩŮȥ飬ڻίȫ£϶Ųɸ˵ľ޴Ұģ
ԭ봺̶УһֱҪԶ룬ǣڶ⣬Ƿٶ޷
ʱ˶ѡĮӣֻдһվ˳ңΪԼԸ
˵жǼٻϾƵĲʯͷģȻݸж⣬ǣ쵽һʲôط֮󣬷ƾãԼҪ̶
Ȼ漰Ķ϶򵥣Ҳ׵Լߴ졣ϾǴĺ˽⵽̫ഺܡ˵ѾԤƵӵа벽۵ĳɾͣҲ֣
ȵȣ
Ѿߵ¥ݿڵʱ򣬷ƿˣڴĿ£˵ֻС¶ѣˡ
⻰֮¥ţеĿⶼǼϣȻ뾴η
رѾǱ̵ӣԭͻȻıϣ֮⡣
Ŀ˷һ֮󣬱ǳɴŮӻ˻֣֮󣬲Ŷ˵Ȼƹ飬ô¾ʹ˽ҹλӣ²Ϊ
ллƹȣԺֻҪõĵҵĵطܿڣĪҲ
ǻɱŰϢĪŴƹ֣ĵ˵ţ
ҲǣҲǡ
һӢӻæ˵ţƺ·ƻᷴһھǻηɫ
޷ˣ˭ûг嶯ʱ򣿡Щ˵˵ɫС
ȻǰųǵİãðųԼж¡
ţԼ׾Ǵ֮󣬻һЩԼ顣
ʹ˸ǣ
Ī˹֮󣬱Ǵ󲽵ĳ¥ȥһԵæϣһһС̤գֱӹȥˤĺòǱ
򳪸棡
һԵй˵ţȴûζֻŨŨĵϷ֮⡣
ԴˣҲֻܷ˷ۡ΢΢һЦָĭ̬֮ϵЦݣܹڻ˵ġƺЩɬһ۷ƣǿźϲûй֮һĨɲʧ䡣
ⲻһβѣ֮ڷƱһ֮ڴ£һȽϰԺ䵱С
Уò֮ʱֳķõĴ۽磬Ͷ̥ĳ࣬⡣
ǺףΪηƻʳҲµһЩҲԷƱھʲôȴҲ֪ܵ
ôûΨһûģķĴ󰡣һҪӪˡ
õ٩ŷ˵ţ۾֮ڣźĹâ
רʹ£ƸƲԼֱܵһһһĴȫԹŰݡ
ʲô£
ǷƵοˣ¥֮ʱܹܵһֲͬѰա
֮򣡡
һ֮󣬴ǿڶŷ˵š


1708 
һʱڣǴڶԷϸĽⳤ֮һЩ
ӳ֣֮ڣһУһЩص飬춼Ǻޱ˵˳
磬˻ΪǸɢֻò˳ʱʵ볤֮̽ЩǿߣѾ߳Ƭżķ
ԣֹأԭԺյ֮ǰһʱѾߣңų֮ǰ
֮򣿣
Ŵ˵һУ𾪲ѡ
ǵ߸ԵģΪûܹΨ翵ɲܹ
ȻƬɢϼȴ;ֹ߱Ч֪ⳤ֮е챦϶볤ܹϹϵ
ֻǣǵڣҲ޷ȷⳤ֮ڵĶʲô
ӲҪ˵ڴ˵УֻһƷܹ˻Ǿǡ飡
龿ôģû֪ƺس֮ʱʹˡȻֻǲ룬Ҳûܹ֤ʵǣȷһЩ漣ԲΪ
Ҳ֪ΪΣԶʱʧ֮ҲʧȥټڻĹʢļ¼Ǻģƺǿ֣顣
һֱڣûдϢУҲǶﴫԣϴڤ¼ŲǺܼҡ
ȻҲп֯ϢԵʡϾǿһµɲ⣬ܱĴڣ
а𣬴˵˵ʵһöָĴŶУڣҲûܹ֤ʵʲôаԱҲ޴ӵ֪
ңаҲΨһһͷ𣬾嵱ΪʲôԭЩҲֻͷֻ֪ǣȴû⴫ѡ
ţɵءҲܹ飬ʲôʲô;Ϊδڣ
𣿡
Ʊɻ˸
ȷЧĴö飬ܹϵõıΪöĴڣϵĻɢˡ
Ȼ֮⣬ϣҲ˵ĵڶЧ
⣬˶
ԣڳ֮ΪԵʣƲǺšϾͷϿö飬ȴûһöЧ
ٺ٣֣ôĶ𣿡
˵ţƺԴҲǺӣֻǴȥֶѡ
ÿӳеıܣ
ưһۣ˵š
ȷ˵ĶǾǼٻңлһŨӵҪ֮δ֪챦ΪУ
٣Ūһ飬ôܹ޵ӳ
ڳ֮һż⴦ż˵һλ֮أԣ飬ʵǳǿᣬӵһǣ󲿷ֽ뵽żڵ˶ɥС
Ϊƽų֮ڵһЩϢ
飿
촽ʵʵΣ
϶ʥ۷塭
һ۷֮󣬴üͷҲźۼ
ԣڵķƽ뵽ȥ϶̲ʲôôңɥļʺܴ
˶٣ֲң⴦żڻɱֻҪɱڣֻ·һ
Ʋɵüġ
ɲʲôϢ˵ϢҪڣȻ·һ
ٵٽȥ𣿡
ǣ
ֱЦǸʱͱˣ㻹ȥûʣµģǽȥ
ʵ⼸ڶһֱûʲôжҪԭǻûŪ֮ڣͨѾŪ壬ţھѾдǿ߽뵽ˡ
ΪĹżҲܣöΪ֮ǿΪ˸һС
һżͨԶԣȽϰȫΧѾˡ
ּ䣬óһСݸ˷ƣȻû˶٣óһΪԱһ⻹һ֪ͨĵص㣬⣬ǿѡͽͨ
ģҿ˵޼۵ġǶ˺ܴĴ۲ŵõĳɹʱȴǰ˷ǰ
Կɼ֮£
ҲûпֱӱǽչϸĹ۲һͼͨصεļס֮󣬲½֮
ײ֪һͨĵص㣬Ͷһ·ûбҪܾ


1709 鷳
֮򣬴ӳֵһ̿ʼͳΪ˽㣬ȻڵһУκ˵δ֪
ǣڵΣգصͨȴѾ̽
飡
Ƿƽյʣֶ˽⣬İʹ˵;綼ﵽʥ۷ΣɼԲǷ
ңδ֪֮⣬ивڣǾǡɱ
ƹƣ紺˵ⳤ֮һ֮أôЩɱ϶λµģΪģǷֹ˽Ĺ
µɱǾ޾£벽۾ǿ߽ڣҲֻ·һ
οڵķƣĲС̤ɱУļʵ㡣
֮⣬бϢ𣿡
üģŴʵ
⴦żܴһݹƣӦĳλ￪Ķռ䣬Ŀǰ̽ķΧǺܴ󣬲ǰЩӵõһŲͼ
˵ţóһƤմɫѪ棬̻һŵĵͼϸıעһЩɱۼĵط
ȻŲͼĲǳ֮żȫţֻһǶѡ
̽⴦żǶڶҲǼѣʱ䣬٣޷
ȻˣõŲͼ֮󣬷Ƶ۾Ҳɵһ
ĳŲͼļֵ׳ȥǿ϶ǻøΪ֮ͷȻڴȴ޳͸
飬ȥֱӴ졣
лмӷƿ˵ȻվͷҲصĳȥ
ֱ֮ͣ£ûлͷϸ΢˵һɵġ
ȻǴȥ
ٺ٣һݲؽˡ
ҲһаȵĻȣһݾĴ죬ֹӿкϷˡ
󣬷ԶرգֻдһڣţϵЦ⻺һ̾˫Ŵˮڣȴ˸ϣĹâ
˭ܶ
˿ǴĵһˣΪ֮׷¼ŮĽ
ϵĹ⻷Ծһ򣬿νȨء
Ȼ˭Ҳ֪еĿࡣ
ǳеһУֻҪһһ仰ǿ׵İᣬһ˵һͷǿԾԼ
Թ⻷貵ʵһöӶѣ
Щʱ֪̫࣬Ϊ֪Լ֪Խ࣬ͻԽǣ飬ɼģֱڣԼû봺ƿصĿܣ

ȵҰ
һ·У׷˷ƣһ٩ɫõķЩȥ
ιǼλСǲҲڰڰȥҿûдǰɫ˸ԣǺš
û˵ֻǣȴһĨ⡣
ˣ
Ҫ֪Լ봺飬ǿɾеˡϾݲһǷ֮صŮӣ׻ġ
ٺ٣һô߽˴Ҫ֪ô죿ЩֻĴЦţ˷ܡ
ǳ˳飬û磬ֻǣµٶȸ˼֣ٵ߳˰ųǡ
֮߳ΣֱӶԭأĿ⣬ǷڲԶǼӰϡ
˸߰һ䶼ЩƫϣϵϢ嫺һϢѹԭҪǻǵˣԶԶıֵܿĿˡ
ԣڷ֮߳ǵ϶ʱһɱɱõΧӲɵһ˵ĸԶˡ
鷳ˡһ֮üͷһϵЦ
ãԼƺԽԽˣÿһ˶Ҷߵ˶֣ϴΰʥˣڣҲˣ
ȷ
΢΢һУֵҲǺ⣬رǿһĨ֮ԭҪΧҲվԭû
ȻǰϵϢܵڸǣǣʵģ˲ģçһġ
ৡ
һᣬƿĴ𣬴ŷһʮˣΧס
ɱ
Ǹӣһ۷֮󣬱Ǻԥ´
䣡
ܹʮˣÿһʥ۷壬ͬʱ֣ɱֱȡơ
ˣ
ͻأģԭڵӱǱˣЩ죬ֻǿһ۾ͻ˵ȥ޷԰ΣͬʱһǿֲϢ֮ͻأı


1710 ѹԵľ
䣡
һɿֲĲϢͻأģڰųǵһȳſڱֱӾ;еǿע⡣
һ棬ǶʮĸϮƵʥ۷ǿ߱Ǳ˳ȥһǿѪеײڳǽϣȫȫ飬ЩǱ׳˼ʮ׿⣬ڵʱҲ֮ûˡ
һȺҲСүǰˣ᣿
쵭˵ţ䣬ϵϢҲĳ
ǷƵһμ֣ʵҲǸе𾪲ѡ
ڵǹܵһĲϢоʱӳĻǹʮ֮һܣǽʮʥ۷ǿ߸ˣ
Ȼ˿ǲûֱǣȴܹܵڵѾˣ㹶ӲдĻȥԺΪҲ
ˣ
㡭
ֵǸӣŻ߽죬ѵĵһϣˮ죬ڴž֡
û뵽ԭǼΪɵȴӲ磬һ棬Լ߱ȫ
ɱˣֱСү֣
ǰһ״ͣ˽Ų³ȲмĻתһͬٵʧʡ
ǡ
һЩӴϳ˼˵ıӰʱͫױ͵һٿǵڵϵĶʮˣǶ¶ĵɫ
ݺ֮Ӷʶļһעֻǵ׵ĴڡûȥϧǣҲûȥǡ
ļһ
ӿŷȥıӰһݶҧˣڳܵŭ𣬡עֻ·һ
⼸ǧǰܵ˵裬õĲʧȥǣƺ뵽һЩʲô󲽵ķسڣû׷ȥ

ԵľɫٵǼϢ䣬ϰ
˵һôܵﶼ鷳㣿ǴһĨŹֵĻȣ٩Ķŷʵ
ԴˣƱֳĬ
ԭֻһԼ̨Ӳ
֮ӣΪĺ̨ǿᣬû˸Ҷ˵ȥ鷳ˡ
ϴΣʥص˾ͲҶȻ֪ݵĳ⣬ֻҪһ仰ǻڶʱڱ
ԣҪ˲ҶԼˣҶԼĺͱһǿĺ̨С
ã飬Լܾ㹻ˡ
Ǹղڴһô㻹˰½ĳЩ壿
ƺԷƵܸȤһ·ϲϵѯš
ƲȴҲûлش
ৣ
ͻأģһɽͣΣһԵҲϵЦ˵ĿĿͬһ
һߣϵƼڸסԭȵòûǣ˾Ǵռһ֮ǰԶ
д鷳ˡ
üģҲܵߵĲ
ֻ΢ĸӦһƲߵΪʥ۷˾ңٽһͿļ޾硣
ˣʣǻ˼ǧϹ˷ɳʵ֣ҲѡԱԽĹ
оͷʹĵط
çһ壿
ƵûгְҵɫǾʵ
û
ϣ˻ƵߵĿ˵˫ǵڣĮӣȻѾ쵱ʬˡ
һӻ󡣡
촽٩Ķŷ˵š
Ͼڰ⣬Ȼȥߵçһ壬ֵһ˻ûС
ɣ
߲ûйķϻŷһֻƣ˲䣬һɾϢǴֻϱ˳ΧĿռ䶼Ǳһ߲ΰ£һƬֱֶӱݻ١ƽ
ϣ𣿡
Ʋûжֵļֱ߶֮ʣŻ˵
Ǻܴ󣬵ǣȴõͫ΢΢һ󣬸ѸٵĴһ貵ĹֱӳƵؿڡ
أ
ڷǰֱӱˣ貶ĿĹâûڡǣȴûмԤϵеѪſĻ棬ǿһȥʮҵվڷǰ
䡭
ûκԥģѸٵĴһأŴݿƳмֱӱշƽء
ȻһĻȴǳˡ
Ǹڷǰӣûж֣˫ָһĿԼȫĹȴǶǰֱӱ˺һ˿һ


1711 ò
䡭
ԭɽҰ֮䣬ͻأģ쳹һըռ˰ХһƬɽ־ݻ٣ľмĽľ׷ɣһԲΣڹͺͺһƬǺṵ
ԽǹȥõԽľǾ֡
û뵽˾Ȼ˵ǿ󣬾ȻĹ
ûӣԷûκζֵĺۼĹȴȫ£Է½Ƕδ
ⲻܵģôܣ
ҡԴвϵ૳ʧȥ򶨣ҡ
ҲҲʥ۷֮һ˵Ļң˵
Ϊ䣬ڸ׵ʵԳƵϷǳ˽⡣ǰ飬ܹܵѾʥ۷ܹ쵽ˡ
ѵ
뵽ĳֿ֮Լ̲סһҲͣһ𾪵ĿŴԼĿ֮ǰǸӣзѵ벽ۣ
۹⡣
ûпڣһԵȴǿ佱ڣû
Ȼ
仰ߵɵһٴοƵʱĿͲͬˣǺһĨݡ
벽ۣûд۴ڵ䣬ѾļޣûܹǸͻƵ۾
ԼĿ꾹Ȼʶǿߣ֮ԿȥԼܹõʲôô
ƺѾ˻

һ̾ڵǻӵı꣬ΧҲЩͬ
ߣ
΢ĺһûж֣һƺܹѹĴƱǹϯ˳ȥֱӱǽçһշ飬һ̲Ѫȥ
Ҫ벽ǰԱҲһܲ׵顣
үӣò
Це봣ڷǰĽкƺӡ
ȻʮĳľѾ׵ȹˣһλʵİ벽ۣ
칫ӡ
ɨһ죬ҲɵһĨľâĴк
Ȼڻݣֳɳٶʵˡ
֪һ֮ӣƺûдмͻƵʥ۷徳簡죬Ȼǣȴһ֮ӵǰ档
ңҪǣоЩͬѰƺ紫˵ĳĺӵܡ
ƶһۣ΢΢˵ͷǴкˣȻ˱Ǽ·
һ·ϣɽλ벽۴ţǵٶȻ֮ǰܹȵġ
ϣʲôʱųǵģԽԽĽ壬̲סʵ
ʵڰųڣǸܵ˽Ĵڣֻǣçһɳǿ߽ɱԼǹû뽭ᡣ
ңҲ֪һ·ϣ϶ΪѾ˲·ϣȻԲܾһǰ
ǰ΢΢һЦ
֪ƿ϶Ӱ߳׼ˡ
һγ֮¼ͬ죬֮ǰ϶ͽ뵽ˡڣδ֪ĶȤǺܴˡ
Ѿڰ벽۾ܹԼǰһ
ǲܴݻٵģ
ԣͻƵ۾жϣ
ͽˣƺǸм˵š
˵ȥģͲ𣿻簲볤֮飬ĵʱõҲƬ򡣡ֱӾʹǵĶԻ
ȷڵĳ֮򣬿ȥѾƽ˾ǣʵϰӿڳ֮ڲرһ󣬱ضдң
Ͼǿ볤ϵûκܹܵ־ջ
˶ѾܹԤƵǸʱĳ档
пܣһֱľͷҲ֣ʱ򣬾Իʯ쾪ܻİ벽۳֣
ǿ϶ģȻûдǣһЩǿĶ֮⣬ͷУԻĴڡ
Ͼͷ漣̫ˣŻĹʢʱ򣬳ֵĵһλ۾ͳȣ
ңŮʯ֮⣬ƿУһãѹ£
뵽㣬ǽ壬ʱüͷҲɵĿ֮ԭüͷǷ
ʱһȫλ뿪ġҲûĵǣȴŷ
һλ벽ۣ黹ܹġϾǱϾ·һԱĻ˭ܹ


1712 
ٺ٣нүӱݻȻûˡ˵ţȥͷβûаŵģ
ȣһأЩǡ
󣬻Ͼڳϵ׷һ⣬Ҳĵĺûаӡ
⵽÷Щ죬Ϊνһ˵Ŀ
ȴҲûн˼棬Ÿ·֮ʣԺڶԷѯһЩɱϢ
˵ǼΪİɲԼȥȫδ֪Ķ
飬˵ҲͼһΡ
Щɣ˵ţƺ˵ĳ档
Ľ˵£ƶһ˽⡣
ʵ鲢˵ÿһ˵Ĺжпܲģ٣Ҫ۾ϡ
־ǿȥ֮󣬱ǻһ壬Ϊ䣬Ա˳Ϊʵκȥ֮ĹжֻǣΪԵʣ¾ӵһҲ޷飡
飬Ҳе飬ӵһǣЩ߱ǿǰ似ط
صĽţг˳ء
ⳤ֮һλĹĻôпܻӵλ似ط룬ǽǺεȿֲ飿
ôǣָоӵ似ط鱻նɱ֮󣬴ͷһöˣͻһļ似ط
֮һ仰ȴõķѪڣ뷽Ҫܿ뷨ǡǡ෴
ڣ֪ˣΪֻҪǵĹͻһѵǰһԭܾΪȥġ
ֽ񣬺ܶණʧˣΪƿһЩ׷ȥǲûдˣһѧĹе̫ˣʱˣԶԶԶţĹʢ
նɱ֮ʱҪʱ̷ű壬磬д鷳ġ
š
ĵͷȻûȫ˽⵽һʲôô϶˵һֶк塣
ңһĹûõģնͷ­Ż᳹׵
Դˣз棬Ȼڶ˽භ϶Դġ
ʦɱأʶ̤ڣҪôƳĬƱǼ׷ʵ
ɱ˽ҲǺܶ࡭ϵҲЩǣȻ󣬻ϸΪƽ˵ţеɱǲϵģֺʶ𣻵ǣеɱȴɵΣһЩİڷλвµġ֣ʶΪпܣʯͷİڷţ߼Ĵڣмһɱ󣡡
ҪƳɱֻ취
˶٣Ͻ˵һ󣻲ֻһЩȽϵ͵ȵɱǸߵȵɱǾֻõڶƳۣȻɱһֱ޾ĹֱȥΪֹ
ַڷ˵ʲôð취ܹƳ̸ۣףɱһϲͨ
ڣҲֻɱȽϾͨˣϾ綥֮ӡ
ڷϵĽ˵УڽĴ£ǰʱѣһƬϼǳʵľͷ
һƬϣӰܶÿʱÿ̶ڱԵشӽӳȻϼ֮ҲطһЩɱ¼
ģڳ֮ѾȶڣǲдģĶŹˣȻַܵ
ȻʵˣжЭֻʱģһ񱦳ضȷѪ꣡
꣡
ʱ췭óһöӨ˸ֱ飬ĿĴɨţƺѰЩʲô
ôֻԼˣ
üͷһʵ
ţ
˵ͷżϢʱѣǱЩͷɶӣôû
ΰӣ㻹ֵĻ´ҿ϶Ƥ
в֮ɭдǺ÷ӵǷˡ
һӣһ˵Ļһ򣬿ٵĴһһ·ϣ֪ɽֵжٴΣÿһ֮󣬷ƶܹоµĵ΢΢Ĳš
ɼӣһ
ˡ
ǰʱΪΰӵѾǺˮ죬ŷϸǶ¶ֺõЦݡ
Ȼһְӣ
Σյް׵ģһžΰԲĶϣ֮߷ɳȥʮס


1713 Ʒ
ϣϣˡ
Ƭ̺ĲҽһƬϿ쳹ǡɱһЩ̶ҲЩ
ҽٵȥ椣ԲģҲԼʲôС
һֱ׷ߣһȭߣΰӸһ֣һһεı߷˳ȥֻǲϵĲҽţһһ
ֻǣ֪ΪΣĲҽУƺһֲͬζƺǣܣ
Ȼ⣬ҲΪǸĬӡ̯ôƢŹֵҲùˣ
һְӣͳٵһְӣȻͱ˲˵ӣ᲻ֱӽ֮ˣ
飡
ٴһţΰӾһ㱻߷ɣһ·ϣշľһƬֶıȽǽ塣
һΣΰûѸٵҲûвҽУֻſкţѾһϢ
ȴĮģƳһ֮󣬱Ƿص˷뽭ߡ
û°ɣӣЩ̽ԵĶʵ
ⳡ棬ͺ˺첻ˬ飬Բű
ӸҹȻ
Ļû˵꣬ԭſڵѾһϢΰӱ㣬ѸٵĳԣķЩĿɿڴ
û֣һȭȥжأĵǣӾȻܹȻͬ졣
Ǹ򵥵˰
վһԣһֱֺЦΰӣһĨɲľ⡣
Բܴ֮˹Ȼӻ϶˵һ֮
ЩգãӵľҲԼ֮ϡ
ˡ
ԭΪܹЩ֮ӣǣȴû뵽죬ӣԼǰ档
ԣԭЩЩģһ̣ȫ
ϾЩкܶ඼ĺᣬӵеĵ̣˸޷
ҽһ£һۣһŴȥ߲Ҷܣ֮һЦʱĿŴתƵ˷뽭ϡ
ôһ˲䣬ƿһĨȻãƺֻڣ벽ˡ
ΰϣƺĺܳĬֻԵĳŷ뽭һЦԱ֣򵥵֣һࡣ
ƣͬ΢΢һЦ䲻壬ȴɫҲû
ǰ벽ۣȻԼԳ֡˵ݣҲǿʲôֻǣڶĸмѡ
ˣԼѵʱԼˣǻᱧһ̵ĸм
㶮ò
۾ٴһţλǽүӣ
үӺãΰ뽭кҲΪٶ򽭷ĿԾЩı䡣
˽⣬ܹƳƺˣϿǲడ
šһȻĵ˵ͷ
˾ǽΰӾСǳǳһЦƺľٶˡ
ֲҵĴ
ΰһֹţһǳɧס۾ͷңҾãһ˵ҪҪڣ
飡
Ļûֹ꣬ǱһŴ˳ȥ
Щ̿ѣΰӸԶܹŹ֣Ѱ·
ߣ
ȥǱҶûΰӣֱǳԶƬϼֵȥ
΢һۣҲѸٵĸϡ
ȵҰһᣬΰӱǴҶ֮·ſٵ׷ȥ

꣬Ƭϼֵĳ֮ҲѾ־ӣ֮ڵˣǰ׷ԲԣЩ˼ɽߣݵľʣһƤǣ㣬ɫǵƺںת٣ڵûиɿݵļ󣬷Ǻ¶է֡
֮ڣнĴڣԺ䣬·ȴǺܿңֱ֮ͨ
ûκֹ˽ΪһΣǳĴ󷽣κ˶ܹȥ
Ƭ֮󣬷ΪζΰӺ޵ǰҧгˡ
λŮʶһ𡭡
λҾǾͺһԣǲӦ˷һԵ
Ҿãһ˵Ҫء
һ·ϣΰӱܿˣһÿһŮıǻǰڨ˿ӶĿ⡣
һУõķĿɿڴ˵
뺷ļһˣǣΰӣǸƷ


1714 ż
Ů·ֻһۣңΪ㣬ҿԸ𣬸һС
ΰһò㣬ȥǶʮŮǰڵʱҲܲסˣһŽ߷˳ȥ
ڿʼðһҲ⣬ˡ㣡˸ΣյĹâɭɭĻ³ΰȴһֻܾСһ˽ԼЩµĿ۽ǵȴɲʵΧЩŮϲϵɨš
㾿ûУ
ͻأ˰˸ֱ·˷׷׻ͷĴ˹Щڵ·һԵЩϹŶҲ۾Ŀ쭵С
˵ߵģһע⣬Ͼôһžһϣ˭һ
ΰӱ˹ЩɪɪıƽϵŲصϵĺš
㻹װɵǰɣǰͣ˽Ų۾ΣյĿ
ΰӴʱᰡһɬĿǲ˵ֻһֱСӵĿ⿴ƺҪõˡ
ȿȡ
Ҫȡǳʩʱ򣬷ͷ֮󣬲ż˵֣ղƺ׼ΰ˵
һ㵣ƺ𡣶ΰһмĿŷƣϵϣƺΪԼӵһеˡ
̫˽ˣ֪棬ƺûʲô첻ģ
´ЩĵĻҿĿ⣬һὫͷ˳㽫Ӹڳ
ƺЩŭйƵٴκݺݵΰӼţ֮ǰвŵĻԣ
󣬱Ƿƣ죬ǰ棬ΰӱǴͷɥĸ󣬶ŵ棬޾ɣƺɲǼʧȥ˻ȥĶϷһģһ
֣ѣĺܲһ·ϣӣһԵ˵ţǻһĨ޵Ц⡣
һ֪ܵӶѣŭһƺΰӷǳ񷴸Уõķɻ󣬼ȻΪҪأ
ôӱ濴ȻΰӾ绹ǣ³˷֮⣬ҲûгĵطڵǹĲʮ֮һ
ˣ֮ͨĵ·ϣ֪ж٣ʲôǿߣǵ룬ֻ׶༪١
һôҲû𣿡
ȻţţӾԲ˵ôһĲֵ
һ·ϣ˲ûܵ෴ģΪ죬ҲһЩ˵ע⣬˵ɫ
Ͼʮǰƴְʥأ˺ܳһʱ䣬رǽǰ벽ۣѾΪ֪
һĳ̶Ͽ˵ܹı֣
Ҳ˵ûгֱİ벽ۣһεĽѾԶ׼ˡǣӿûܹ϶㡣
ܿģ˱˳֮ǰһƬŨûܹڵľ
Ũ֮⣬ҲкܶͬʱҲһЩ˴ûͨĿռоô߳һľȵĽ
ƵͫӿһɫĹâɫȼţȫעעŨƺҪһЩʵ
һʱ֮üͷ
ǰܿտңƺûб߼ʣ
ȥ֮󣬾ߡ
ڽ֮ǰ忪ڣȻһ̤߽Ũʧ
ƺ˿ɨһûаԥ̤ڵΰӣҲ롣
ڽӴʱǸܵһ޷ûзӦʱǰľǴģ
һɹ϶ֲɣϢۿȥһƬƵĽӲݣط̦˵ĸоͺǴһĩյĳһ
ƬżڵɫһƬ谵Ǽ±ɫңһֺѹֵĸоɪɪһЩĺǸһݿֲϢΪ}ˡ
ʲô
ɨһ֮󣬷üͷ΢΢һ
ãͺһľۼһֻȴܵϮȻ˸
ȥʥصָоҼΪǿҡֻǰһʲôһ
õķƵһû˵ȴʵʵڵĿһ
벻ףʲôˣܹһ


1715 飬ɱ
Ϣؼƺ˵һ裬һĸоʲô飬Ϊ˵֪ƺ˵ӡУӴڿʼһûһܹģ
˵Ϊһε䣬û˻Ҳû˻߽⴦żС
ڷ΢ͣ͵ʱڣΧҲ˲ˣֻǳɨһۣ߽
棬ĺĲҽϵ쳹ڷлݳһĨɱϢĲ
һԣΰӼƬż֮һĨɫܿ
ȻƺЩ˽Ƭż˽һʷ
ŸϽ·
һԵΰģ˿ıǳƨһţһĳǰȥˤ˸࣬òǱ
вŭϵĻҳƨƨߵĳǰȥ
ȵɱĻעô·ģɫһģĶŷ뽭˵š
ףһĨĹâǿȥΪΰӵĿʱͱˡ
һȻһӦöɱΪ˽⡣
ƲҴ⣬뽭һۣ΢΢ͷ֮󣬱׷ΰӵĽŲżǰš
ΰƺ磬·䲢ûаͣ٣ֵżдܶţûйɿԣôȥںֱײƾѡ
ߵУΧ洦ɼɫѪҲѪζһЩ֫ϱ۲
ȻƬżУ϶Ƿģɱ
飬ɱ
Ƭżв˾˵ֻܹɹǱ뵽żȴҲûл
ΰ֮ɱļǱ͡
ڣΪλΰǰˡʣǵİȫѾ󻡶ȵȻɱУнҲд鷳
֣ƺһַЩ̽Եʵ
ǰɡ˵ͷģɵĻشš
ȻһĨ𾪡
һ𣬶һԶʱڣҪֲУ
ôһ룬ЩȻ
ǸʱĶȻģȻۺ񣬵ǣԲܵĽŲ
𣬴ĳ̶ֳ˵޵еģÿһλѹһˣϵķɣ˿ɼ
ô־ʲôλ⴦أǰȻ֪ڣƺˡ
ɢܹٳϼйأ
ȻϼԲܻĴڣҲΪ⴦ϼǰһֱڷӡ״̬еģ⣬Բ
㣬ʵÿһжֻҪ֪յףôܹ
Ʋûȥȴиɵ㡣
쵱ʱû˵Ĵַ֤֪㣬Ҳ˵⴦鱨Ҳ⴦ַ
ȻȴǾ˵ڵǳĹϣڵ³ֽЩ
ˣ
ͻأģǲԶȻһļµɱϢƿ˹ȥǿһɭĹ⻪б˺Ƭ
ȻǼ뵽ɱУֱӱշˡ
õΧһЩߵ˶ɵĸеֽűЩֹͣǰη壬ǵ¶
⻹ΧѣҪ뵽żĺĲλһ·ϲ֪ᾭٷգֻûʵĻǾֻ·һ
Ʋûж˼ȥЩˣǴעΰӽµƶҷġ
ûãһƵĽ֮ʱ˱ܵʮֻϮ
һĴڣ翣Щ飬ͷһ˫˸ӣһŴ죬ϵźΧ¶֮ڼٵ½š
ɨһ֮󣬽岢ûгֵĺۼΰǰ棬ȻͶֵ֣˿ԵĺһĿţзŵĴ
Ȼ󣬷ƱǼʶĹֶΡ
أ
һΰӴֱӽһֻѹ£ֵһĨ⻪ٴεʱͷѾɢˡ
÷ЦԷǣһȻǸƷȻԼֵΪֶΣ
ڣףΪһĿܹ֮ˡ
Ȼĵһ˲䣬һֻצĳϮ˹


1716 
飬ɭϢϮһ˫צӶ䣬쳹һ̶ƿƺƾһ˫צǿ˺һС
Ϊ֪ʵ·Ʋ˿ĵϷħٵתϱ۳һɫףֻһãһ˸׹İɫǳУ˷еĳһĽǶȳĲӴȥ
նͷȻκιûã
˻
зһ˻䣬צֱӾ˷ͳĳϡʱƱǸܵһǿԵӳϴ˹ײϣɼıǱײ˳ȥ
ȻһĻȴǳˣͷ龹Ȼû׷෴ģʲôֲһзֵĺˣֱӾͳԶӴܶȥתۼ䣬û뵽˷浱С
õԭҪֵĽҲЩȻվԭأһĿŷơ
ȻģƸֻĶ֣˫֮Ĳڽ֮Ե¶˳ǣܵȴͷ飬õĽͷҲ벻ô¡
ֻгһ״콫һͷͷ­ն֮󣬴һ۷ƣĿڷǱ˸ĳ΢ͣ͡
ӵʵ֮۵ܹĶɱȳҪܹ࣬ܵĵǲǵԣ֮ȣĳηĶ
ΰϣֻһ֮󣬱Ǽɱ顣
ѵΪ췣ԵʣƱеԭ
췣
һϰߣΪɱ۶ɵĳ췣ӳֵĻƻ빥󻡶ȵ
Ѱκ˺ֻնͷ­һ·ǣ췣ȴһصĻ־۶ɵԶؼκ˺
飬϶Ǹܵ췣Ĵڣܵ˴ˣԲˡ
֣һͷ飡
Ϊ֤ʵԼеĲ룬ƿڣȻǿٵĳǰȥֱֳֳӳΨһʣµͷնȥ
أ
ٴһƱ˳ȥȻͷȴǿзĺǼʲôֲһǰͷһٵӴܿȥ
һΣ壬죬ΰӶķǳ⣬˶һɻ벻⡣
ǲףκ˺ΪλַķӦΥ
ȻʱȴûпʣֻǣĿڷǱڻʧĳ϶࿴˼ۡ
ȻЧ
ٴ֤ʵ֮ȻЩѪȴϲ⡣
Ȼ췣ܹ飬һжðˣ٣ȫ˱ϣ
ϵĽɫʧһǳǳ׹ڲϵ˸ţһĵĻϢ

һΰҲͬˡ
췣ǲİȻϣǣǲòϣ׹ɽ֮ʱ췣
ʱΰƺˣΪǧȥӷƹˡ
ֻǣƵľ磬ȴüͷ
߽پܹʥ۷֮˿⣿
ȴûоЩŷһЦǼǰߣһ·ϣĿⶼСĶֽɨΧΡ
ߵУһ˸ûΣգΪƽ췣Ϣɢ˳ȥһЩڰϮ鶼ѡ˱á
ңΰӵֶονˣѾ߳˴ŲͼΧ˸ԽԽ٣ȴһɱҲûд
Ǹֲţ
ϣ󡯵ˣѾԽԽ٣οԶɱΰܹʶƣ֤󣬸ԶɱҲΪ˽⡣
ܿģǰľ𽥵ı仯ΧƵĽ˸ֹһЩϵ֣ƲĵУŨˣǱϢľ
Ƶ˼ǧԶһȫʥ۷֮ɵļʮ˵Ķ飬һ˲䣬ǱһȺûҽܿڷС
͡
ƲҴ⣬ʮָһţ췣ɢγһϣ˶ڣٵǰš
ԴһƬַ֮ΰӵٶȾ࣬һ·ôӳһЩΪ̽ÿһߵĺܽ
ҲûнЩַѰʲô˵ҵ֮ڵĹؼ񱦲Ŀġ
ôƬַһ֮ʣһĹ˷Ƶע⡣
ѵǸ򣿣
Ȼڵǵڵأǣŵķλȴˡ
̫ˡ
Ƴһ֮󣬱ΰһţٶȿ㣬˼ˣҰƤ


1717 
Ƭżһ޴أ⴦صУһϵĹм䣬һͷһһּΣյĴ˶ɣֻһۣ˾û亹졣
ǵ磬ХžϯһǺĲ
С⴦صıԵش֮󣬲ǳɨһۣƱ̲סһ
Ϊģ⴦ڼΪĺ󣬵ǣȥʮֻ飬ңЩͷǳ׳˶ϢһͷͷԵʹһΪˣס˵ȥ·
ûҪ뵽еĹУǾͱ봩ƬȺ
鷳ˣƬڻÿһ綼µɱҪһʱҳ빬ͨ
ɨһ֮ΰӱһü˵ţ˫ڷеС۾˸ĹâΧɨţͼҪҵһʵĵ·
ô˵֮󣬷Ƶüͷɵ΢΢
ֱѩϼ˪
ԭ췣סҳ빬Уǣΰ仰֮һͰˮͷϣͷţһ˿ҲûС
αסˣûа취жɱķֲǽ鶼ˣ
֮ΰɼһε˵š
Ϊ齫涼ڸǣΰҲ޷ٷְٵжϳеɱβõġ
ȫɱڸǣȻﵱһľۼأô϶һͨĵ·ġ
ҪЩ̸ףң֮ʱҲпܻɱС
̫ˣ̫죬ʱ޷ա
˸һĨҫ۵ԣ૳ǳء
ǵڶõϢ
ӣС¶첻㻹˼촵ԼжϢһյľ͸ΰһš
ΰίˮ۰Ͱ͵Ŀ
λ̫źˡ
ӣȴתţʱĳΧƳţżһĨͻأģϵɫ͵һͣЩĿɿڴĿĳһھǾ޵Ŀ⣬бǹһĹӡ
˶˼㣡
ҪٸһŵʱĿĳǸһ֮ͣѾ߳ȥһĳȣϲһĨء
ƱһԿ֣˵״ҲɵĳǸȥʱĿҲɵһ͡
һŮӣɫ˫òɣپףë޳ʹһˡ
˾ޣرǸ߸ظΪΧЩˣ治ϵɨšϸСӯӯһգѩ׶ϸȣͷȣҪ֮ӿ뻳кݺݵİһĳ嶯˳ħŮջ޷
һʹһħŮǷǰ֮һЩܽӴġʸ˫
ﶼôҫۣƺֻҪڵĵطڵλãǽ㣡
ʱߣҲѾۼ˺üʹߣڷ˵Щ죬ڶǼ񣬻ʸ˫ٴγ֣Ǿۼߣڴü˷ġ
ǵֺãʸ˫ȴû¶飬˵̬Ⱥ䵭ǵĺҲǰ
ǣԽ־ĮӣȴԽ޷԰Ρ
ܹ׵õĶЩ֮ԶҲӵģΪֿ̧ɵáǣǵòĶǾͻ뾡һа취õ
ƺǸܵΰӵĿ⣬ʸ˫ת˹ȻѾæתͷȥǣȴɱˡ
ĵʸ˫ϲûаɫǣΪ˷ƵĴڣڶʱǷһĺ⡣
飬Զ޷ǣҲ޷ͻ
΢һ֮ǲźۼһĨĻȡ
ȻƵľһأúܿ⣬ڣҪлԼĶˡ
鷳ˡӣȥֱ˫ӣпЦѡ
ҲԼǴģȥͷĸϻ
ܵŮˣرǵŮʱʸ˫ֻҪ΢΢һ㣬ߵĻʹ߾ԻὫ˺ƬԻȡĺøС
Ҳ˵ֻҪʸ˫һͷϾͻᱻʮϵĶ׷ɱ
֣ˣΨ²ҵţܹǱߵĻʸ˫ĵʱĿǳ߿˹
ʱɱĶˣһĻԥȥ


1718 ֻС
ˣ
ô˻ǷǵۣҲΪһ仰Ŀⶼǳ߿˹ָ£˷ϡ
õԭЩ⾳Զڷ֮ϵĻʸ˫˲䣬ɫȥɱ˵Ŀ죬һ˫ȭקЩס
ܵĻԥĽնɱ
ƺ˽죬ȻѾŭڣȴû߹鷳ļֻǽĿתƵ˱𴦡
ȻЩϸڵı任ȴǿߵʹСʱƵĿ⣬ǳ˲ơ
ֻڶǼƵӣ΢΢һ֮һĨء
ǵ¼Ҳ˺ܴķˣϾ֮أɸȻ벽۵һϵе¼һκҪӡȻǴε¼У˽λ֮⣬ƵıҲ˾ޣС
ȻͷĪֹľҲȱݣֵʱ䲻̫ǣܹȰ벽۵Ĵڣκ˶ҺӣȻԼ֣֮
ԣӲûжԷ¶Ŀ⣬ֻǣһĨ̾Ϣ
ûʸ˫ΨһݹˣȻǲΪηƻʸ˫ǣ֮϶һЩΪ֪ܣ
ϣС˫˫ǼС㻹ڽָأ㣡첢ʹգÿŵ˵ţһܵӣƺŵʲô˵ζһ
õĻʸ˫λǶǺݺݵĳ˳飬ʸ˫ɱ˵ĿҲֱ㶵ɨ˹
Ŀɱ˵ĻѾǧٿˣ
Ϊʸ˫޷ܵ飬Ů˼˵ĶȴһӸղˣõԭѩһƬϣŲ̬糺죬ҲңЩ٣ǰһ˫ʵزҲ֮õĳӴ۸УѪһ˫ԲԲ͹ƺʱܻȥ
̫ˣһѪӿ״̬ʱ˿ԥģһžͽ֮߷˳ȥڵϰŹʮײͣ
̫ˣֱ̫ˣĿеŮŮ񣡡ǵڷ浱УΰһԵţŶ˷ϣųҸЦ⣬󲻾ãһǱһֻЬӡٴȥ
ٸҶҾͰӽصȥһ̤ĳϣһ߶ݺݵвţԿ
ǡΰƺЩִˣĽƿ֮һʹĿ죬ҪƱ硣
˼ҵˣʲô֣һۣ˵䣬һĨɲζ
ˣΰƺʱŷӦ˹ʱһֻȵβ͵èһ˫С۾ɵԲԲģĺ˭˭ˣ
ߣܣƺҪ֣ΪԼŮܶ
ģ쳯ŷƲƲǡ
֮ΰӱǴ󲽳ŷȥһֱ˷ǰһ״ͣĿĶŷƣƺҪӷƵڿ
ô
ƱĺܲȻҲѾ˸顣
ãѡһǸ
㡭
˶ΪҪڧʱΰȴֱ˵ȥдµ˰Ϊͽɣ
ⷬٶõķĿ࣬ӦȴѾմ˾Өˮ⡣ҪƶΰȴקĿţһѱһĳĨ
ΰ֣˵Ѳˣǳ˳飬ЩЭ˵š
㲻ӦҾͲΰˣˣŵĽš
ðɣҴӦˣΪԼĿţٴЭˣһΡ
û취ΰӵľ֮ϣʱҲ޷κ
ģΰ̧ͷȷٴʵ
ġȻģƴʱҲΨеͷ
ôң㾿ôλŮģΰվ֮󣬱Щ˷ܵʵ
ʻ֮󣬷Եľ;쵽ʮŨĿ̾ͷϡһʱڣڵĶˡ
ʱ˵ǻʸ˫ԻԼݣ

ԥ֮󣬷Ʋ̧ͷȥʸ˫Ǹ򣬶ǻ˵ʵ˵ܸӣֻһΡС⡣
ʵ˵䣬ʸ˫ҲܴƲûб¶Щ˵飬΢΢˿תǿٵȥ
ٴԼ϶ģ
ֻ𣿡ΰƳһȥĻʸ˫ıӰ֮С۾ֱŷƣƺҪ֮


1719 컹
ֻ⡣΢΢鴤ţҲڱıԵ
죬ǰΰӣ̫иˣƢٶƹ죬޷ĥ
ʱҲ֪ʶǸǻˡ
ðɣˣ
ϵģΰӾȻĵ˵ͷƺ˵һȻٴ˵ڣʦ˶Բԣ
ԡΰӼҪȡһжʱ򣬷æͷˡ
ôͽܵ£ǲǾ£ΰЩôߵ׷ʡ
ǰɡǿĵ˵ͷȴӿһɲԤС
ͽһֱʦǲӦøҸ绨Ůϱѭյ֮£ΰ˵ԼĿģ
źϼ䣬˵ĿɿڴĿǿһֻһ
ģⳤ࣬ҪҸŮĶѰɣһƫƫҪһ绨ŮϱⲻǱȵ컹𣿣
һ̣Ķˣΰҡǲ˵
ãûʲôѰ쵽ˣ
ΧͬˣЩ¶ֻɫЩԼ¶ĵɫӦоС
ΰƺںЩĿ⣬һֱڶԷʩչôţƤһմŷƣһѱһĨ
ȴȥƽˣãûʲôȰһϱˣ
ΪʲôǶҵ
ɭɭϿջصΰӱߵĻþòϢ

󣬷Ƽ˻Ǿȵ֮취ڵĹС
ϾôðȻĴȥֻûк³ңô˿ţ˭в֮ģпܻὫǴС
ԣǾȣ
ʱǱǴһƵĹУȻĴѾӲݴϲ̦ǣһɻΪһ
֮󣬷Ʋ˷ʱ䣬óһöԴ֮ǿʼ뵽״̬С
ֵ鷢ˣ棬޷뵽ֻǻûǷԴС
õķƺɻҲܲ⣬⾿ôŬ޷ŵǷ統ȥ
ΪΣ۾һƬãȻ
ǰЩӣڰڣֻҪˣǿԺɵĽ뵽Ƿû統УȻʱȴҲ벻ˣ޷⡣
ԺʷϣҲ޷ȷԵĴ𰸣һ֮Ƿˣ½״̬
ֶ룡
ûӵʥ۷Ϊ뵽ǴصĹУҲʲô顣
Ψͻƣ
˿̣ԺУڣӡתţ˸Ÿֹʣ·Ҳǵǰıǳ̻ḷ́˸Ĺʡ
һǣڱϵЩ·ȴǲڰһ˸ǰûѤʡ
Ʋ֪ܵȻҲɻԼڵ״̬ˡ
Ƴһеķ֮󣬲û˵ʲôĬĬ˳ȥ
İ
ΰӳ̾һȻһ۷ƣֹһ䣬ðײ˶ˣСĵȵˣ˵˵ȥһȺˣֻע
оԼһɳĽӣûܹԼĳûıϾɡ
һۣûֻǾȥע⣬𣿡
˵գҲ߳˹Ĵš

ΰӰգ۾ƺǵһʶһıӰزã૵СӾʲôͬȻӣ
Ϊ˽žȣ٣û˭˹ӹ
ðɣСӵȷЩһ뵽˷ʹõΰӻǸ¿ڣڵϣ۾¡
һڣ岢ûг֣Ȼһڣȴиǿ߽뵽żУرԵشҲ˲һ
Ͼ·ѾˣȻ͸Ϊ١
ģһЩһǶһʱˣվһǣЩȻ档
죬巵ص˲ƵĹУȻһֱػڷߣֱƴ״̬תѹǴӽָóö˸âξ
ȻǷ˵ӵ似ӵеľˡ
лϣƴϲҲûйĿǽ˹Ȼк֮ǿʼľˡ
ܾתһǴϻ뵽ڣңûнԪУУֱӴӱļ׵뵽Уγһͼ


1720 
䣡
޾ĺ䣬˲䣬ڷƵϱǶһ㺮˪ͷϣüͷϣıм
ˣڵûо
ĴĻɫɵһ䣬ǣҪ֮ʣϵĺ˪ȴڻĵȥ
⡭
ķƺܿ붨ȥΰӲɵİգһ۾ÿĿⲻϵڷɨš
Ѱõȡľ֮󣬾ҪȾڵУȻ壬ǿɻһ
һ뵽һֲһܹ֮ΰͻˡ
һֻʵĹôġ
һԵ뽭ȻҲΪ𾪣ȴܿҲ
ʥ׵ܹٻһͷ벽۵ľޣѾΥˡϾҪõ٣ͱ븶٣Ƕ벻ףΪεķƵܹס̶ֳȵ

о˵ıڷƵԺҲһģͼ
ͼһӰһ˫ֲϵ󶯳һɬӡ˿ܱŤݱŤУȴһִ
ȻܲԣǣܹܵĵǵӰӡ֮ʱɵδƣϢ
ؼƵĺ̲סЩ٣жԽǸм
ף֮ôȫΪԼܹӵиֶȥԱȥͻƣ
䣬ƱǽǵģӰĶУĹĦš
ȻؼǺƣǣʵģֻǽӴûаģӰɴһǿĳУÿһӡˡ
ڴʱȥ˲䣬ĵڱ쳹һЩĹڱϵЩ·żϵһӨ⣬ĳִ
ͬʱӡϵ·ƺҲڻļ뵱ڰȣй޲
ϾΪ⣬Ǿǿң̺о˵飬ĳ̶ֳ˵ǸþǿߵĲʶ
ɼ⾧ڣɲֻؼô򵥣ҪǣҲλǿ߶Դ
ȻģֻҪһƣܹ÷ǳӶǰһ
ҲǽȥѰ־˵Ҫԭ

һʱܿ͹ȥˣ½رԵҲӪڣȴûжֵļƺڵȴЩʲô
ڵ˵ɫǺܺÿЩҪˣֱӱû˺Ƭ
ԣǱȴȴһͳһ
ʱڲƵĹڣеľѾˣͬʱԺڵӰҲ𽥵ɢš
ɫȴƽûϧûޱϲ
ܿģͼǻһ̣ɢ١ƣҲȻתѣһͼɳԺڡ
磬Ȼû۾ԭϥϵ˫֣ȴǻһ˾ñŤĶͬʱӡУһɺȻѹ
ӡһʱ򣬷ƺ֪ȥ˫ͣţԭ۳ѹҲ˲ɢΪС
ظ֪˶ٱ飬ûжٳЧǻһЩؼĵطͣͣӶǰ
ŹһСʱңֹͣ˶۾ĶͷϣǺˮ
һӡӦǲȱġһʱ֮󣬷̾һЩϧѡ
ףֻ۶ɵľ˶ѣҪȫģʵҲ̫ܣܹڵõһЩôѾǺܲˡ
һԼڵľ磬ͻȻķ֣ԭľ磬ʱȴǰһأѾͻƣ
ʱڷƵϱ¶һĨϲõЦ⡣
ôһֻһö˾ͲܹͻƵ߽۷徳ˣ
ҵĹԹԣȻһھһöˣʲôﰡ
ٴ붨ķƣΰӲɵ૳Щʧ
ԱһãԼһöˣҪ죬Ҳ˵Ƶ
¾죬Ҳ˸ʡ
ԭΪ˽Ƶ˿̣ȴ֣ڷƵϣɻһصɴ
Ҳǰ֮𣿻⣿ţûʳ
Ͼ飬Ҳܻ͸¶
ѯһ֮ûйͣƱǼóڶöڽָ£췣Ƚڵ֮󣬲ǽ
һȻǸΪ磬ңûϴǰĺ˳ֱӽ뵽붨С


1721 ֹһ
ˡ
һӷϱһ貵ǿ⣬ڣΧع
貵Ĺâ͸Щ϶͸˳ȥΧɫҲȾһʱڣҲ˲˵ע⡣
ȴûǰϾ˭֪⴦ڵʲôˣ
壬ƣ죬ˣ˭Ʋ磿
˵ȥ鷳ǲԼ鷳Ͳˡ
ܶ˾ôģڼǿ⣬Ȼ֪ͻˣȴҲû˺ǰ
ϾĶʲССͻһ£Ⲣûʲô˵ġ
ȻʱڹڵĽ壬죬ΰˣɫȴЩƽԭȻǴӷɢǹɲ
֪ΪΣǰķƣȴһֲڵĸоǱ۾ܲĴڣѾȥһ
ƹ죬ΪҲִ
һ̣ΧأΪһ塣
ʲôεˣǳ
ʵģÿһͻƵʱ򵽵֮ǻֳʱȴΧΪһ壬ѵ˵ѵ֮ɣ
û˻ţǴʱ۵ǣҲǲš
أޱߵĹ壬еһУĹ󣿣ؼκεһжصķ룬ܳܵģ
ؼ̫˼ţǵĳɾͬ룬
ǣشȣ¾Ҳһ϶ѣ
Ͼ¾Ҳش֮еһѣ
пܣѵǲĴǿԼ
ǲܣǿУ³ңҲȥ漰ߣ
ңҲû׺Ϊأ֪βԣʱҲڲɣǲһ֮
㣬пЩ
ѵ֮壿ȴЩƣüͷ΢΢ھɻɫ
˵Ҳǲ飬ȣɹƵݣΪ֮壬ǣʱһпܲȫǣ
Ͼ֮ĲӦòôŶԡ
ΰӣǳ׵ˡ
ѵλˣţ˿̣Ѿ޷ˣҲѹ֣Ȼܹ㶨Ǹˡ
㣬ǽ뵽⴦żһֱ뵽ûɱ󣬾ͿԿĳ
ˣʣǶߣ˵ġ
ΰӣǸʸ
ԣڼ֮ʱ֪˷ͬѰҲǱ¶Լĸ̬ڳҲǶԷƺͽ尮
ǲʵĸԣ
Ȼ̶̵ļʱڣԷƵĹ۵ǳ׵ĸĹˡԾĴ϶һܺͣ
ԣڷ۾֮󣬱ǿ˫ɲӣĿԼ

ǿţƺܲڣֻڨڨһЦתƻϣôˣ
ˣܻҪʱ䣬ʱһġ
巴Ӧ˹˵䣬ٴεݸˡ
Ȼ⼸ɱĳɹ
ֻʵ̫٣ľ磬һʱҲܹնɱһͷѡ
ʱΪԻΰҲӦ˹ջĿ⣬ֻǣڵľɣһֱûƽȥ
֣ѭ֮Щ̲סһ䣬ʱ˵Ŀٴ˷ϡ

üͷ΢΢Ȼ뵽Լͻ֮ʱĶ˼֮󣬵˵ͷ
죬ǸŵĹˡ壬Ȼ͸Ӳ˵ˡΰӣ߰ĳ̶Ҳһɵˡ
ңѭ֮Щ֮˵ӦҲʲô°ɣ
ǡſڣգûʳ
Ͼ飬¾ǷƳϣҲţ˵ȥҲû˻š
ΰӿ˿ƣƳƳ죬ѡ˳ȥ
ã͸һ̫ѹˣȫȻ޴棡
٣ŮиҪ㡭
һӰ߹ʱһУƨƨߵıǸȥ
֣ȡͻʥ۷壬Ȼعڣֻ»鷳
һصѵ
ΪΣһʵ
үȻѾǰ벽ۣΪ۷Ĵڣǣϣɲֻһλ벽۶ѣ
컺˵ţɫ棬֪벽ӵеܣԴݿ࣬λ벽۴սһнԿɴݻ٣ԣпܣүӲܽ뵽УһУпܾҪԼˣ


1722 ｵ
ء
ХЯĲĺ˾񷢺˵һ
ʱڣĶ϶ǵˣңһϢȣǸеԪϣ̫ϳһĴһ
ȻʱȴǶڴˣڸλңڵĹ˭Ҳûгֵļһɮɫ
ûԸǸ˳ͷǹңҪ⴦ڵ飬ҲǼ׵飬а벽ڳҪҲҪķѺܴľ
⻹ڹΧѣȻڹڿ϶дգûʥ۷Ϊȥֻ֮·һ
ʱЩһҵĶûˣ
Ϊʱֵһһͷ󣬶ڼǧǰ඼Ǳ˻ˣʱȴɻվǵڵĻʯ
˵̻֮⣬Ĺ򣬻ר֮ϣԣƾһЩҩɿԵһꡣ
ֻֻţҲ뽭Ĳ࣬ǳ߶ѡ
ǣû˸СЩʯһ֣Ʊʯ쾪񷡣
ԣһĬĬѡ˳̨ø󶥼
ţʥصϴʥ˾ͽ컪ǧǰͻ˾ǧ꣬˵ʱѾ˰벽۵ż벻Ȼš
ҵ찡Ȼһǧ꣬ȴˣ
ôˣصпѾǰ벽
һһͷ෢ձ棬ǣüëȴǰ׻һƬʱ򣬳ϱǷһЩõ˶¶ηĿ⡣
һϵķΣϾɣһ϶ֲɣϢһʯһȻϢоȥǺܻ񣬵ǣϵһȻȴĲƽ
ȻߵݺܲʥصϴʥܱģͻƵĿԼ
֮⣬ڶλ벽۵ˣ
ɼγ֮¼Ѿø󶥼̾ˡ
ʱʥصȻ˾ͽ컪ߣһ¶üɫ°̧ˡ
ʵ˾ͽ컪Ĵڣʥ֮⣬֪˲һΣܹλʥҲ֤֮ջжˡ
Ͼ˾ͽ컪ֲΣҪٽһǻܵ飬ڵĿ꣬٣һһ죬Բ˷ѹ
ûа벽ۣûʸ񰡡
˸пţЩҲùġ
ϾǶҲȫ벽־磬ǿ
ЩȴǱֵĺܵȻƺ˾ͽ컪ĵе⣬ңƺӵжԿ벽۵ĵ̣
¡¡¡
һ·׹Զ˲⴦صıԵϿա
һΪݵˣκݣ˿ҲǺܸߴ󣬵ǣƶ䣬ΧĿռ䶼ǷһĲƺռѾɲһ
Ȼһλ
ڣ
ԶĺҵļϲĴţæӭȥ
ȻĺҵˣȴһãȻվԭأƺλݵ߶˵Ҳİ
Ȼĺҵ֮⣬˻϶֪λֽ񶼻ţϡ
˭
ȫûһϳݵƺһСѣĺҼΪڵĻûм˻ȥע⵽
Ȼﲻõʥʥ˾ͽ컪Ƴһ֮󣬶ʱž޲ڱ¶һĨ𾪵ɫ촽һ˵ȻȻš
Ȼ˶ʶĿߣ˾ͽ컪ƺʶңܹѾǰ벽۵¶𾪵ɫɼλݵС
ʥλĺҵھ˭ߵʥʥ̲סʵЩ˸
ȻûҪһҶ󣬵ǣ龰ҲݵԼߵʥܻҪĴ
С컪޾Ȼţ򵥰
˾ͽ컪㿪ڵʱǱǸݵ״οˣЩ˻ƣȴʣ
һ仰õĿɿڴĿĿǷӦʯһɡ
ʲôȻƺһѾһǧĻʯΪСޣɼߵıжߡ


1723 һ
˿̣ĳϣЩ˶עһݵߣ𾪣㵣
ʱ˺ܴĶ˾ͽ컪ĵ͵Ȼǡǡ෴ߵĳ֮󣬹ǣĺҵļϳ֮⣬ֻ˾ͽ컪ϵ֪
˽ĿתԼʱ˾ͽ컨ϲδŭҲĬС޵ݡ
ȷǰȣ㱻СޣҲûиоа㲻෴ģɻ
Ҽǵõұչصʱޣҵʱ˵ԺгϢû뵽СӾȻɾͣҲ˰벽ͷҵ۹⻹ǲģ
ƺһӾͱĿЦ˲һЩΪģɫҰף̱ڵء
ʲô
Щ¶ʵģΪ仰Ŀɿڴ
һ˱صʱ򣬻ĸΣ
ʵģҲǰǧ굽ǧ꣬˾ͽ컪ھǧѡ˱չأҲѾȥǧꡣ
ǣͿ仰߰ǧʱ˾ͽ컪ֻһѣ
Ҳ˵λߣٱ˾ͽ컪Ҫϼǧ꣡
벻˼ҾȻţҲһǧ˰ɣ벻˾ͽ컪˹󣬲ûж¶飬䲻ȵ˵š
һǧꣿ
ڳÿһ˵ڶ¶˼ɫֱ޷ʵ
⻰Ǵ˾ͽ컪һǧĻʯ˵û˻ܻ꣡
Ҳȷ˾ͽ컪ܼĵλˡ
ԣվһԵʥʥһʥصԪϣǰԵõɫ΢һЩ
Ȼӵģ˵λ䣬˵֮ʵǻεȵľˣ
ڣ
֤ʵ֮ĺҵԪ϶Ǻԥĳλ߹ȥһ¶ϲɫ
ζû뵽飬λڻţţóʲôҲ޷ȵӰ졣
ϹǶˡ
ѰŮΰӼĻ΢ľ֮󣬱ƲƲ죬ûȥۣܿģǽĿȫǰһŮϣֻﲻϵĴҳ³
ƺ˵ŮԶԶЩϼһջҪ
İɣ
Ůӱоѹ֮ɫ䣬ľܾõСĸΣٴһء
һٳʣģֻҪŰˣӦöҲû˻ῴν
ǣǳĳĿģ
Ժڵģΰӿ϶Ϊ¼һʦȭͷݺݵһ䣬Ȼ󣬱ٴһĿꡣ
ֳΪµһʦ㿴ļԼµ·𣿡ߺŮӱĵ˵һ䣬һĲм
˶ϲõַʵĴӣȷЩϲˡ
ҿ֮ڣҲ⣬ɱ㣡
жԶҹԶ
ֵĶ
ײͷΰرԵشһֱѰԼ氮ٴλ벽ۣҲȥע
ֱһȦ֮һĨ⣬Ȼ󣬲ǳŷƵڵĲƹַȥ
˲ˣǾͻῪʼ
һ̤֮ΰӱ绻һһص˵š
ٵȵȣӦòˡԭżµ죬Ƴһ۷֮󣬼۾
ðֱ֮ԺڵͼȴȥƲ۾
һӡ˫ּ󶯣ȴ޷ȫӲط
ϧˣǲƵģܹƾͺˡ̾һоܿϧ
һԶʱڵĴַпܣЩؼǴoӵеģȻ
ܹõĳֵģҲֻзӡѣ֪֪֮ǲӵеƣԺԴ
ˣ
Ҳ۾һ
˿̣رԵشϽһѾλ벽ݰ٣˿̣ڽŷƣ죬ΰӴӲƵĹ˳֮˵Ŀ⣬Ƿλ벽ϡ
һ֣챦ƾʵᣡ
ĺҵڿڣȻ׹쳹ȫ
˾ͽ컪λ벽Ȼûʲô飬˱һͬվرԵߴͬʱ֡
¡¡
ںǰһƬ貵Ĺ⻪ƬƬ鱻ֱӺ飬λ벽۵һ浹ɱʹĻ


1724 ֻأǧһ
ء
¡¡¡
Ĳҽը쳹Ϣ⴦ڵռˣҫ۵Ĺ⻪˸ֱӣƹϯѵأ赲λ벽ǰһнԱ޿
ǼΪĵһĻÿһ˶Ѫڣ߰ڣųȵĹâ
ǷܶĿ꣬ÿһ˶ڴԼôһ죡
벽ۣ۷ڣ
Ƴĺ˿˽ȭͷڣսŨǳһֵĻȡ
벽ľǼ
ԴˣϿɣ
ȻؼΪûͻƵ۾ǣп϶ԭţԼܹҵԭڣеĽ۷壡
ӵд۾ʢôʢ
һɰԵµƶȻӷƵɢõߵΰΪ֮Ŀ
һ̣һƣ
ƽһֱŵ͵̬ǫãԵЩĬĬţȻʱȴǷâ¶ֱӥգ
һôҰİΰӲ૵˵
ܹܵǹɰԵ֮⣬Ը״ҪƳ棡
Ƿڳμ֮ʱİķƣ֮ԱǣڣᣬңоȻָоҲǰһܹҲһ
ΪһκżȻ£һǳϵľУһ仰ֻأǧһ
Ȼֻǰ˸֣ǣаĶ̫ˣܹΪǧһѵ˵ᳬԽԶʢĹʢ
ԶʢǴ۷壬ʱۣoʥ׸ûʸȥ棡
ңÿһһλѹһˣ˸ţʷΪϵĴڣ
ԶʢµĴ˵̫ˣ಻ʤǴoǸʱҲǶѡ
˵ԶʢΪһ⻹˵ĹȥϾĻĹʢȻҲ˷ʢǣҲһ˳ɾo֮λѡ
ȻڣǳһλoԶʱڵҲûвܹѹһͣ
ԣʱϵľʱΰΪһ䳶Цѣʱûж⣬񣬲֪ΪΣ仰ȴͻأԺڡ
ܣԽԶʢôܣѲܹΪԽ֮ϵĴڲɣ
ΰӿȻôţǣȴûףΪڷͻ֮ʱʵ̫ˡ
Ϊһ壬Ǵȥ˶ۣû˻š
ϣҵĴǴһĨЦĿٴηڡ
λ벽ͬʱ֣ʯ쾪ǵϷɣ׵¶ǰԭǰʹ߰飬λ벽£ȴ˵Ĳһ
Ƭҫ۵Ĺ⻪вϵĴ֮һգһͷͷҺűޡ
ĳλ벽۴ʱûȫֻ֣ƾǰ۾ӵеշѹѡ
֪Ƕؼȫֽ֣Ǻεȵľˣ
ʱԭֵڣͱɾտտڣȻ鶼շ𣬵ǣģȴǺΪƽȻɲѷ죬ȴԲɵġ
Ҳ˵λ벽ۣȻɾڵ飬ǣصĵ棬ȴûˣ
Ǻܹ⻪ĵ棬ϻʯмΪƽǣȴ͸¶һɹϵĲɣУһɱϢƲϢ
ȻûܵӰ죬ʹɱûбƳ
õԭⷽϣˣ϶ʱ¶һĨɫ
ûȥԹ˭Ҳ⴦Ʒƽ˾Уɱķǽڣᱻڵɱշ飡
Ӱ벽۶޷ݻ⴦棬ͿԿĳɱĲǰ벽ɱУֻҲеܣ
ϾһԶʱڴַпܣɱĳλµҲ˵
ԣʱڵѾգҲûðʧĴڡ
һûˣһôʹ죡
ĺҵڴЦƺԵΪ졣õвɵ͵һ顣
ܹ꣬Ѿ漣ˣϼһȴ꣬ţһȥشĺ䶯
λ벻Ȼûɫǲࡣ
Ŀܣڣ˿̣ҲʱϵĴڣ
Ҿã⼸ϼһͲҪˣǽøСǰɣΣĺҵڼð˵


1725 ֮
֮ǰʱԵЩƽ˵ĿⶼǷλ벽ϣȴǵľû˸
Ͼղλ벽շĻ棬֣
û˻ΪԼЩ黹ǿᣬңȻգǣȴɳŹϢ˭ҲԴ룡
ҲˣȷĻӦøЩˡʥصʥ˾ͽ컪Ÿп˵ţĿ¶ɣ
ȷǻţǣܻأ̨ջҪЩˣ
ÿ˶ڷпΰȴ¶֮Աǵɫ
˵ĺøһǣ˭֪Щϼһ֮Գ˴ԾΪ˲ڹеĳ챦
˵ʱǽ뵽ڣȡܹ˳챦˭˵Լܹõĳȥ
ʱЩϼһﻹǻֵģ
ˣĿҲ档ϾһԶŴַڣ϶ıֻһҲǳܹ̣
Ͼ˭֪һֻǲ֪ʲôԭͻԳ˲ܴ
ôôˣǼϼһ￴ţСȥְɡ󣬻ĺڵ˾ԵĻһʱڣϱЩɧң
ҿЩѷĵطȻܹ빬У
֮ϵһǣʮţǸ߸ݣܾ˵
ʱʮĿⶼɵһΪ˵ĺ
ҲµûĻԭ򣬾ΪյϮϵѷӦþǵʱµġ

͡
Ļû˵꣬м˴뵽صУЩѷڶȥңɱĹ⻪ת䣬⼸˱ֱӱշѪ䣬ûһ⣡
ⲻɵ˵һʮ˸ǻ죬һڳҵɫ
ȻղŴȥǣôҲ·һ
ղ飬ʵģõرԵϵ˶ǽСѡΧ
˭ҲԸȥ˵ĿⶼЩӪС
ɱȻϲ⣬ǣЩԶʱȻУȴɻǴʦжϳɱڡ
˭϶һͨ⴦ĵ·ֻǣҪҳȴһ׵飡
Ȼλ㶯֣ôĺһˣĺҵڴЦһԵĺҼ˵ȥɣ￴ǵı֡

ĺҵļǹӦһ֮󣬱ǶһԵһͶȥһɫ߱ǰֱȥվڱԵشʼϸĹĦʱô򣬻ߴӽָóһЩСΪ̽
ҾãλЭ˵ɡƳһ̻űԵߵ֮ĺҵٴ˵Ŀ⿴λ벽ۡ
˳ǵͷʦǰͬɱ
УСƶ㲻ΪʦĶʮ׻ͷСĽ̽ΰЦһƺЩ󶥼Ĵʦǲмһˡ
ڶУвɵһһĨ˼ûоں󻰡
һȻͬ죬ҲѾɱʵ
Ҳ֪һʲôƢȻҲѡԹۣƺԸ˷ʱ䣬ƣ̬
ʸ˫ˡ
Ҳ֪˭˵һ䣬õ˵Ŀ濴ȥǼһ£ŮĻʸ˫ĳ˹
ߣվߡ
һ棬̬֮û˥ϵļϢӿ嫺УǸһѹ
һˣɫϽȥΪϣͷƶӻǣȥƽʸ˫һ𣬻û˻ȥעôһͨСͷ
֮ϣʸ˫һ˪Ҳûȥۿλ벽ۣƳһѾ֮ǶǺ˵ϣˣ

ߵ˵ͷʸ˫һͬأֻǿȥƽСͷڸߵ֮ϡ
һĻõ˲ɵĵһΪ˵Ķֱ˼žУ
ϸɨһ۹ǰĹ㳡֮Ǻ߽Ųûͣ£ֱŻʸ˫뵽˹㳡֮ڡ


1726 
ԭѾΪ˽Ļʸ˫ʱٴ˵ľ֮٣õ˵ĿⶼǼϡ
˶ΪΪʱ򣬻ʸ˫ѾǺߣȴѾ뵽˹㳡мλãҺԭɱƺҲûб˴
ôܣ
˵ڶ¶ŵĿ⣬ǼһĪ޷ƽ
رЩɻڹ㳡ԵشЩʦһǿֱ۾ڣ𾪵ɫ
ǻŬоûֵľɱ˼ֻǿһۣ֪ʵ
㣬ڻʸ˫ǺѾߵ㳡м䣬ȴûдɱǿԿĳ
㳡ʵģһ޴ɱҪ⴦ҳһ·ûʮ£ǾԲܵģ
Ȼ棬ߣȴ׵Ľ֮ˣ
֪ʸҴԶʱڿʼ˶ҪɣǲǵĻʸҵľۼˡ
Ͼⳡ棬̫һ㣬˶Щ޷š
˭ǻʸҵ𣿡
˲ɵĽĿڻʸҵӪУʱȻķ֣ڸߵ֮ϵǸȥƽߣȴûʸҵվһûȥǵ˼
˵ĿɨʸҵɫҲЩΣȴûκν͡
õ˲ɵһȻ
ѵһҵģ˲ţԻʸ˫߳˺ģֻǣȴҲ˸ǰʡ
Ǻӵ˵ƽߣҲӵг޷ʵ
ңƽߣĺҵڣ˿ɫҲλ벽ۣڣɫȻߣҲǷ֮Ҳһλ벽۾ľǿߣ
ֻǣǻĺڣҲûϳߵݣȻҲǵһ
ڷУȴõ˵һλ
ڶǴʱʹһĪĻ֣Ϊʸ˫ǻʸҵ𣿡
ʱƲûн仰ϣǣʱȴõķ͵һ
ѵʸ˫ǻʸҵˣ
ĿǰֿԺܴ󣬲Ȼһ˲˵ңǻʸ˫ʱ˵ľ֮٣ʸҵҲûаԵϲá
ǻʸҵˣΪȴԻʸҵųߣ㣬õķЩ벻ס
ʸҿԶʱڵᣬ֮ۺ񣬳޷˶Լš
ǵõĻһ֣Ǿ׷ɱףԼ
Ȼʸȴûôԣõ˶
򣿡ƿ૳Ŀڻʸ˫ϣ¶ӵɫ
ּʸ˫ͷܴһ㣬ڵʵڻʸңп漰ͷ
õķƺͷʹ
ϾԻʸ˫飬Ǿ޷ԭµġ
վǳ嶯ˣ
ȴҲûôڣϾôʸ˫ҲܷŹԼ
ľͷǲǺ飬а˫ͷг˿Ȼ½
еԭΪ֪ǣ˵Ҳ޷ͷֵĺô
ʥ۷嶼ûдﵽСֻֻҪ䶯Ƥӣǻгǧ˻ҪԼ˺Ƭ
Ψһҵǣ飬ʸ˫һŮӣ˵ڣ
òȻļһƲƲǣһһԵΰӣ˵ʼˣȻöˣȥ
ΰӿţƴӣŲŷֵȥ
ƣ뽭һۣ˵ͷ֮ҲǸȥ
뵽˹㳡֮ΰӵĽŲһֱǰǰ󣬺ңƶмԾԵĶ
Ʋ˿⣬ĽŲκβء
Ϊ̤һ˵пܾǵ
ߵһСʱ򣬻ʸ˫ѾǸ߱Ѿ˹ǰ
ʱظߵ˵ģŻʸ˫˫̤Ϲ̨׶
ɹˣ
ȻǶ¶ϲɫǣʸ˫ϵɫȴиı䣬һȻģĮ¶쾡¡
ֻǻͷƳһѾߵ㳡мķһۣû˵ʲôֱ߽ͱǸƿĴڣû뵽ڰС


1727 ·
ǰңƣ죬ΰҲڹ̨ס
õ˲ɵһξ̾϶ÿĿڿǣЩΰӵϷŮӣĿɿڴĿǷֵ
ôҲû뵽ʱһģƤǴڨӣԼ˵һλΰʦ
ܹ׵Ĵŷ߹㳡ɱͿԿĳ
ʱЩŮӶĬˣȻû˵ʲôǣжͦζġ
ǿΪϣʵ츳ľһУӣʣڡ󡯷棬ܹ֮Ϊʦ
˵ܹõʦĴﴹ࣬ǵң
ֻϧϹ۾ǣȴʯǧѷĺûᣬʱٺҲˣ
һӶѡ
ôοԼֲǿҵʧС
ʦ˵ǻڵģ۸¸¡ΰվڹ̨ϣ˫ֲЦг˵ɪ⣬һλߣھ£ָ㽭ɽ֮⡣
üˣ
ʱЩС̬֮ĳǰЩƲˣЩŮӵɫǺܲÿ϶ǵͷȥ
ʵģʱ¶ĲֵҲᱻ󶥼ţԲЩŮԵģ
΢΢˳飬ӣҲĸͷʹ
ļһϣһʦţֱ·ߵһå
㿪·һţֱ߽֮ѾŵĹУһžž쳹
֮ڣһƬڣûйߣ棬ɻǴϵİ裬ΰôһֱƻһƬǱײ˷ĩ
һĻңΰԵЩǱȴһЦվȻϵĻҽûһ
ô˵ղҲǴͷˡ
ۣһ䣬ȻǲŴΧĻ
ǰĻʸ˫ǺѾټ⴦Ĳãһ´ϵλãڷŵĸߣû棬һϵϴڣ˲¡
ڵĸεʰڷŵҲܽΪģ°ˣȻݶ
֣Ƿֿңһ𣿡ɨһ֮Ƕŷʵ
ֿɣ˼֮󣬷ƻǾһߡ
ϾΧܴһ·ĻʲôԵʱҲδغ÷䡣
ϾĿǰΪֹΰӳıȽϴ
Ȼ⴦ҲиΪǿڣǣԱ֮ƻеġ
췣֮з
Ǻãǿ˭ȽǶҳ
ƺҲͲµ˷ƻô˵΢΢֮󣬱ҲǺ̵ĳߵķȥ
΢΢˿Ҳûԥǳұȥ
յµĽӡĳʸ˫ǸߣȥߣôȻΪá
ʦܸӦǶ𣿡߼䣬Ժڶŷʵ
Ͼ壬ⷽĸӦӦñȽǿҲŶԡ
ģӦŶԡ
ãϵĻǴģЯһЩ֮⡣
Ȼ϶д鷳ڣ
Ӧãüͷ΢΢
Ҳ˵пܣɲȵԼǧളȴʲôôҲò
ৣ˼䣬СȴǴ˳µ棬ŽţٵĳϽСܶȥ
һڱһĨ⣬˿ԥıǸȥ
ȥãһӰȴٶȳڴڣһĨĺ֮󣬳ŷȥķ׷ȥ
ʱΪʸ˫˽ڣ빬ĵ·ҲΪ˵֪ʱȳ㣬ڶǿ߷ӵϣһѸٵ㳡ڣΨ
Ϊ벽ڳڣȻЩͻǣȴûзģɱܿģ˽뵽ڡ
֪ܹõʲôûа㵣ǡ
ЩȣӵһƵģ
ΪЩȻ˵ӵһͷ벽۾ľǣȴͷ޵ľ磡
壬ǶͷΪ˽ˣ
˵ڰʥ֮ʱûзٻͷ޵Ļܱ𣬶ңܻ飡
һУ
ͷ޵ǿ󣬳䲻е۾ĴڵĻΪһͷˣ
ԣ϶ֻҪܹõڵ챦Կ


1728 ʥ
İĹڣһӰٵӶţ˲Ǵܳܳһξ롣Ӱ֮ȴһӰͬٶȼ죬ĸǰ
ȻǷС
Сһͨ顣㣬ˣңҲΪСĸ֪ȡ˲ٵĻԵرΪһʱ䣬ûСߣܻôԴʯƸ
ңпܣѾаУܻʥ
ȻƤϷƲûжС˵мĻǣֶ飬Īǣһᱨ
򿪺ɫСӣ
оСӣСǧ˿ƵϵҲӱǽСڵĹؼ
뵽ӺϢƱЩȣҲ֮󣬾֮Ĳʶ˵ΪԼ
ţСһſͣ˫ʯ˸ĹâƺѾƵǰʯʵĴţʵ
ú󣬷ƱСԣ˸ɫĹâһɫȼţͬʱҲһء
ȻûпʯźǣʯźȴǴһļµϢ
飬ǿ飡
ǸʯţǹǿϢܹܵĵһʱڣԵЩԥˡ
ʯʲôͷƳС
ѽѽСվһ˫Сǰ㣬ϵڷָţɫԵЩ˷ܣǼģ
ô
Щɻ󣬶ʾΪѡ
֪һ﾿˵ʲô
˵йصĶϵǲȷԺ
йصĶ
һڱһĨ⣬˵ѵйصĶ
ͻȻһĵĺҲֻйصĶѣ
ӿʼڣһֱǣ飬һһֱڳһģߴһһԲȥ
ʱһȴôƹô䣬˴ʯǰ϶˵йĶ
ڣҪƿ䣬ֻһ
ѵǡʥһĿС򣬵ȴĻش
ѽѽ
Сʹĵͷһ˷ܣȷƻҪٱ
ˣһ죬ڸεˣ뵽СЩţ
ͬʱڵõĻش֮󣬷ƵĺҲɵļڣȵɫ
õ
Ժھֻĸ֣Ȼ󣬺𽥵ƽϢ
Ҳʵǲ㹻Կʯͷ飬ǣⲻСֻҪСӣԸһͷ飬ûġ
ֻǣǣСӣһֻԶһΣСƺҲܲסԣｫСӶ֮һЩĵˣ޷Ӧ
뵽еΣգǿȵģҲ侲ԺڶŷѯʵʦԴʣ¶٣
ϴ֮ʣˣмѣܹ֧ȫΡҲ֪ƴʱʥڷ˵ʲôҲΪڴ顣
Ͼһǰ棬ȻҪܹʣ
ʥڹʥ֮󣬱ѰˣʱһǧѷĻᣬǴˣǾͲ֪ҪȶòŻ֡
ΡƵüͷɵһ
ģн棬Ӧʱû˸Ҷ㶯֡Ŀǰ
Ͼ˶뽭飬˵ֻҪƲǵͷȥû˻ġ
벽һŭǶҲҪѲƤʥؾõӣ췭ظԣ֪һγ֮¼ʥؾȻû˲룬ʥʥӽԲӰ
ȻλҪûȴʥû͵͵ǰ
Ͼʥӵ࣬˭ܹȫʶԪϣһֱڱչصУ´ʱվڷ뽭ǰҲϳǰʥصˡ

˼֮󣬷Ƴ³һһĨ⣬Ǿһ
᲻᳣УˣǾ޴ʧ
Ĳ
֣ڵСУʱһɱĸоӣɢȫõΪ֮һᡣ
ţƻǰʯǰһֻڱʯϣͻأģӿһɰɫĹâһɾ޴ƼȻ˳ȥ͵ĺʯ֮ϣֱӱǽʯź俪
ء
ķڣһ˫ӶȻɷǰԼ̵Ӱ


1729 ȡ
ʯ֮ڣһͷ۳ʵʵ飬һ߲к֮ϣΪʯŵĴ򿪣Ȼתſڵķơ
ʱһɼϢǶȻڷӿΧ¶ڼٵ½ţ˱㡣
Ƿתܾ˿̣ҲɵĴһȫĽӲڵѪҺƺҲˣţͷһЩǵӨ⣬˲佫֮ڣֲʸвŻɢ
ʵ̫ˣͷԾͺܲһ㣬Ϊǿһͷɢ޷

ûκԥģƵ˫ϱǶһ㰵ɫźɫСӣһ
¡¡¡
ͷ鼴˹ʱһɼֲϢȻӺɫСӴ򿪵һ˿϶бӿ˳ֱӱǽΧɢ١
ء
ͷ̳ʵʵ鲻΢һ󣬱ǼצĳŷϮ˹
໺𣡡
ںɫСӴ򿪵һʱСλһͷ޶Ȼ۳ͣſڣһƺХĿž֮⣬˫˱ӣĮĿϮ飬Ի¶һĨм
飡
žһ˦֮䣬ͷ۳ʵʵֱӱ˳ȥصײڷڵʯϣȻϵҲɢ˲٣˫ӣԾࡣ
ԣͷ޲ôһõͷʥ۷߰˽׵ܵش
ǲߵ飬ڲûηɫĶͷشľޣȻ˻һУȻ³һڷתɫԲһεԲ̡
ꡭ
ԲŵĳͣռжʱǱŷһɼΪϢΧĿռ䶼ǱһʵʰڵһЩ裬Ҳֱӱʵʵ飬ǾݲкڣǻΪУֻһöָڵϣ
Ȼһͷӵؼ飡
ء຿һڽѾۺõԲŸƳײޡ
¡
ٴ̧޴ƣ˿ԥıһԲ֮ϣֱӱǽ֮ҵķ飬ֱϢֱɢһȻ
Ȼڴʱ޵ȴһĨȻɫΪײԲŵʱڷתţȻնƷֺȻ࣬ǣܹоĵԼܵ΢СĴˡ
ȻתԲ̣һǿؼȻҲԲھʱ˼
ȻҲһеԭ򣬶ңʱֻ壬ʵ壡
໺𣡡
ƺܵƣҲƺǸܵ˷Ȼɫޱһɼ񱩵ƱǶȻ˫ֱ֣ӱץ˷ڵ飬һϵɢҲ֡
أ
һͷھ޵˫֮䱻ɢһö˸âľ˵䣬һץС
ડ󣬾ɢСЩһϢĵֽ̧ŵûˣſڵϣһһֻǰϣö˸Ĺ

ƴڴڵĴϢţϣǺˮʪ͸ˣɫԲ԰ס
ɫСӣÿһζǽ۵İ
ũҩҩɢ֮󣬷ƲŻĻָɫҲת졣ССĵķ뻳УҽöС
Ȼû飿
Щ⣬ھֿԵУö˲ܻҴ棬ֻһ㣬С⽫֮µģ
Ӧá˼ǽû˷˽ָڡ
ǡ
һҵʯűƻĹغϡȻǳöָĵطȥ
֣ʰ˽ָɨһۣҵ˹ʥڡ
ȻǹʥɢɫâʥڳŨŨϲɫ
ĿǰΪֹѾżʥˣֻкڰʥʥûʱܹ׵׵ƿ䣡
뵽֮ϷɣƵĺЩ٣ԣʱҲ޷ѹסеļ
УһһöʥҪ֮ĳ嶯ǣһ뵽֮ı׶ˣòѹɳ嶯
̣
Žöʥָʱʯţͻأı俪̧ͷʱڱ¶һĨȻɫ


1730 Ӱ
ʯŴˣǱˣԹĻʸ˫
ԭյϵĽӡӦȥߣǣʱȴǳԣΪңƺµƻѡֿУ
ʦ𡭡
СӣӰɣĿǰ״̬Ķ֡ڷҪѯʵʱ򣬷ֱӱȰ䡣
ʱų֣һڵõɫСӡŮٵĻʸ˫ǹһĨɬĻȡ
ʵʸ˫ֿ֮󣬱ǿԶ֣ǣȴΨȵڣѾǺˡ
Ȼ¶˵ƾǻ⡭ƺƣʸ˫ʵ֪֪ףҲͷ޲ʱٻģԣѡڷʹ֮֡
ǻʸ˫֪޵£ôʱľͻǡǡ෴
Ҳ΢Ĵ֮ǺܿĻָƽǻűϢĻʸ˫֪˫֮Ĺϵܵõ͡
ɱңһǳǳĻȣûа֮⡣
ʸ˫ʱΪʥ۷壬ǣҪҲһ׵飡
֪иڰ㣬Ȼϴ㲻ڴôáʸ˫ƺ˷Ƶ˼룬ֱӵһŵƣʱõķƵɫȥ
б
Ȼʸ˫Լзʱ֣ô϶ӵеƶԸԼ
ҾãǻǿԳΪѵġ
ڨڨһЦǲ۽Ļʸ˫ּ˵һ㶫𣬴һ㲻ͳˣС
仰ʸ˫ɫԾͱЩȻ糺һ̺ϵɫΪˡ
ǺǣΪҾûе𣿡
ƱһݣһаȵĻȣЩа˵ҿŵĻȥȻˣǾץȥ˲ˮСѾߣ룬Ӧúܺ㣡
仰һЧʸ˫ϵɫһŲҲͣûǰһ˫ǳӣڷɨţƺҪͼҳһЩʲô
ǱˣȻסǣȴǷƣɸˣ
ˣӵжٵƣǲȫ¶ģңɸһֱУ֪⼸ʮڣлȡ˶ٺô
Ͼʸ˫һֱɣӵеľޣɸڣ
ڣӣ
ʧһ˲䣬ϵͻأڷƵԺһӨ˲ǰסȫ
ӡ
ͬʱӡڷϣŰɫ֮ӿ룬ӡһʵʰľںŵĮ£Яһɳɽ纣ĴƣԥıײǰĻʸ˫
Ϊ֮ǰ˵һ仰õĻʸ˫ʶҪϮαǳŲƯס
ټСѾߡ
һӰƼٵӳʯңһϷʵĻõĻʸ˫ࡣ
ˣˣ
Ȼͷӵǿʢƣǣȴʥ۷壬ֻǣΪǰһ˴жϡ
쵰åץ֮һʬΣʸ˫˫űɱ⣬ԷƸǺ޵ҧгݡ
ৣ
û˿ԥģһǿٵ׷ȥ
ˣ˹һĻһӨӰǰӣһɱӰں׷ϮţһǰһԹĹڿٵжš
СӣϽ취˦һʱ󣬷ЩٵڷԺõԭЩķƣһ
ղ飬Ǳʸ˫׷ˣǻʬһ鰡
һʱڣƶԷ׵ϼһԹ
飬ôܲ˵أ
ֻӣû˵׷ϰƺܵʱЩϷʵĻӦţƺء
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬ֱ
찡ʦѵͲܿһ
Ȼʸ˫϶ӵвؼȻٶҲȷϻ졣
ô죿ͷҲ벻ʲô취ѻʸ˫ֻٴˡ
취һǲ֪ϲˡϵУԾͳ˲⣬Ϸ֮⣬¶š
ƶʱЩϷһƤ
ÿϲ׵ʦһô˵ûʲô£
ʲô취ԥãʵ벻ʲôõİ취֮󣬷ƻӲͷƤԷˡ
ûʲôȱʸ˫ץҵˣ֮⣬ãκ飬ǿܵģ


1731 ֲǹ
ʱɱĶˡ
䵽ʸ˫С
ֻ΢룬ǲ
ãڻʸ˫УɱҲɴЩ٣ܵЩ˵ĥ
ʸ˫֮ŮȻ˵ҪץסڼСѾߣǺεȵ裿
ǷԼϣ˵Լȥ˲ˮˣҲᷢ쭣
ԣܺڵʱ˵Щʸ˫ʧء
ʱģǣǱʧصĻʸ˫ץ·µţҪŰһ鰡һ顭
ľҪô𣿡ϺЦԺ˵ţƺʮ㣬ҪϷݡ
ϻ
оѾԽԽӽĻʸ˫Ƽŭ
ϼһѵͲᷴ˼ԼԼô䵽أȻܱ֮õķԹ
ȻҪģôҾ͸ɡ
ϵɴϷʣţǹڰöʥ׵ƿ䣬ôǸʱʵȻһ󻡶ȵķԾʱпһͻƵʥ۷Ҳһ
ͻʥ۷壿һһ
ܹͻƵʥ۷Ļϣʸ˫ģ٣ᱻѹģĲôֱûа㷴֮
һ磬һǲͬģ֮𣬼Խ
رǻԻʸ˫֮Ůûƿԣͬһ磬Ҳֲʲôô
Ļᣬ϶еģ
˵ȷһܹѻʸ˫İ취
ǣ׶ˡ
뵽ʥ֮ʱı׶ˣʱЩԥˡ
Ҫй޷ƣϴڤĹĹУѾһεĳԹζ
ɼĸоܲӦңȽ޶ߣηй
ǻʸ˫ŮѵǹĲɣԺƿڴһɸֵģ
ǡ
ԥţ˸
ǸѵѡʵԼֳ飬öԲǡ
ԣһʸ˫ѾǸزҲûжʸ˫󣬴һҲίľܾ˴ĺ⡭
һУΪԼǵĳŵơ
ʲôǣƺߡ
С治ϣôõĻᾹȻ֪գϴδҲͰˣΣԲڴ
ţڷֵǲӨ࣬ͬʱٶҲ
ҿɸ㣬ԴѾĵĲˣԼŰɡڷƾȼ䣬ǺܲεĻ֮õķҪѪĳ嶯
ϼһǹģ
ģǹġ
ֻǣ֪ǹģҲûа취Ƶˡ
ǶʱһĨЦ
ҲڷϲݵУһ£ǣȴôá
ʸ˫ԲһߣԼ˸ֵ飬ֻӻǧټƵıԼ
֮ŮҲĳͷеĺӵܣĸܲ裡
ңԼͻˣҲһĶ֣
ߺߣŻʮӣʸ˫ͻ׷ˣú뱻׷ϵĺɣƺܵ˷ɶĺۼһκĵš
ʱƲɵĴһһ󷢺
㣬׷ˣǲܣáʵ룬ҲѾˣ
ɣ
һҧƱһаľǹǿҵϢһĨа⣬ҵģԹң
ּ䣬һ˫ϱźڰöʥ΢ԥǿʼתܾ
ʱһڰһͬʱ˳˫֣ڵȥ
ʱҲҴ⣬һΪ貵ӨӷƶͷλţٶȱǱࡣ
㻹аСʱʱ䣬Сʱ֮󣬻ʸ˫ͻ׷㣡Ϻصʱûе٩֮⡣
⻰üͷһţǸӿٵתܾʱ˫ǳֳһƬҵɫûκͫ⡣
ܹǣְɫΪڰԵĲ룬ͫڵְɫڻı䵭Żɫתš
ͬʱϵҲǲܿƵţǲӨţͻɢȥ
ƺӷɢƣҲųӨ⣬෴ģЩˮ齻֮⡣
£ڵУҲѸٵתţԭȵķƽ˾˿̣һӽڵ嫺˳ֱ졣


1732 

ԭ޼ʵУɫڱ䵭ɰң𽥵ĳŻɫ䣬ɵУһڶ㣬ڼٵתţȡһһͬʱУɢһɳɽ纣ϢģѹһСƺһƣԿأƲ񷣡
ڷĻʸ˫ȻҲо˷ƵϢڱǿȴûзϣ˿ֻ̣ҪץסɶļһʬβԼͷ֮ޡ
ϾƵľ粻߽ٴʥѣͻƣΣ
ʸ˫ܹӦˣǣͷľޡĹ۲㣬ӵеͷһʱ֮ڣֻܳһζѣԣΪģһӳԼġ
һʱ֮󣬺ԵģϵϢЩ벻ȶԼ䣬ƺһؿҲЩǺ죬£ϣҲʱķŽɫһЩɫ
ƺҲЩԳסֻɫĴڣһ̱Զˣ츳֮ţʴ
ɫѤҲʣƺƽңһʵûжɱǣɢϢȴǼΪˣ䣬嫺ӿԴݻ
󣬴˿̣Ƶȴǳסֻɫĳ
ܿģԼʮӣٵ£ڰʥʥͬʱһҲȫ뵽ڵеС
䣡
һҵʱǴӷƵ쳹˳ΣҲ˶ͣϵЩӨӨ֮ҲɢǹƸɢ˲䣬˱Ǳһɵ֡
ϣɫĹâɫĹâڽ֯ţƣһѪ۲ϵĳ֣ϵϣʱȴǱ۾ƺڸЩʲô
Ϊͣһңʸ˫׷ԶԶģǿ˴ڻɫµķƣʱһϱһĨŭ
λӣŭҧϵƣҲڻһɺ嫵ĲɢΧĿռ䶼Ǳһ쳹һ˵֮ľ
һѩ׵ȹƮյĶ̬֮޳ĵޣѩƴź˪˵ĴƣŷƱƽ
ӣȥ
ʸ˫һĨâڿ֮һֻ񳹰СֳһĨ貵Ĺâ˿ɵıֱӽӡڷƵĺ֮ϡ
飡
һɾ޴Ƽ˳кڷϣŷһ죬Ҳ˱˳ȥ
ŵŵš
ǣʸ˫Ҳ˶󲽣ԭڣʱһĨɫ
ƺ󱳽Ӵһ˲䣬ܵһɺ嫶ֳԼģõȫȻûжٷƶʱЩ顣
ôܣȻҵܡ峺ڣһĨ˼ɫЩⲨǴӷϴġ
ڶ֮ʱ֮ʱԵĸܵĵȻƱֵЩ죬ǣȴʮֵųģǣ֪ΪΣһ֮󣬾Ȼʮ񣬲ǼʮӣȻٴδ󻡶ȵˣ
˵ûǹżûӣٶȣδҲ̫ˣֱΥ
ڴʱ磬ȴҲǷ˷츲صı仯
޾ӿһʵʣһɹɻһеϢӣѹȶ£õϢĸо
ûйãƬȴɢ٣û뵽ڵĹС
Ҫɽ٣
˶ЩȣоЩȻ
ܹڵģһʥ۷ĴڣͻƣҪΪ벽۾Ĵˣ
ⲻǰ벽۵Ĵ٣ڶɵڰ˲췣
ĺҵڳ֮ҡҡͷֿԡ
ߣλ벽Ҳһ
ΨһɹǴδٵˣԣԽ벽۾Ǵδٺ˽⣬ʱ췣ϢȻɲǣԳ̶ȾҪϲ֪ٱ
ͻʥ۷壿
˶Ȼɵ˼ţ˭ѡʱɽ١
ɽ٣ɲǺ飬˭ɽ֮ǰ׼һǺ׼£ʧܵļɾͻ󻡶ȵߣʱ򣬺пܻ췣֮»һ
Ȼ֮ʱԭҪһζֵĻʸ˫ҲܵһļµϢ


1733 
췣
ȻûпƣǣܵǹļµĻϢ֮󣬻ʸ˫ǳ׼ȷж˳
Ȼȴˣ
ΪƸʵ̫ˣ췣ʱ򣬱ֱλã
ʱϱҲһĨ
Ȼ˵ɹ췣һǣҲɲɣ
¡¡¡
̣˵Ͽգƹ۳ʵʣڣɭ׵ĵ绡ϵ˸ţЩĿģڣڣ޾ĻϢк£ƺҪշ顣
ͬʱҲ۾ֻϢѹţһɱĶЩҪƬصĳ嶯
һ˫ʲô۾һƬûаͫ⣬ѪڷţŸָõĲԶĻʸ˫ҲɵһëȻ
˫ӣ̫ˣִԼƺһûκܵ¶˫ǰǲϰߡ
ףʲô飬õķһһʱһħǳھ嶯õҪ뿪ȥ
뷨õĻʸ˫һףԼΪδĵ׻ԴʱķηС˵Ƿƶɹ췣ɾʥ۷壬ҲԼĶֲŶԡ
ңϴѾչֵزһﲻҲһҽһ
ͻˣ
ƵĲʶţŻʸ˫Ҳ췣ڣоȻһɱĿС
ã
Ҳǿ˻ʸ˫һۣʹħŮˣõɵĵһһʢаĵûǡĵиڴߴȥƵǰǵŮ
һʱڣ˫ԭͳӣǺ˼֣ЩϡƣҲĴϢţڴڵȵǿ׼Ҫðˡ
ָоŻһڴߴȥڵĴ
ԣ
Ǳʶ߷ƣôȻԲеĽޡǿԼȥǵˣҲŬȥžա
Ϊ췣Ϳסɱ𣿡תͷȥҿԼķƣʸ˫еǵ㲻ʣʱʧ٣΢΢â˸ţҸ㣬ֻĸҶѣ
¡¡¡
ʱһɰĴƱǴӻʸ˫ŷϯ˷Χһʹ⻪貹Σ㵴ţеһλ·Ůһ޾ƣѹȵΧĿռ䶼ǲϵķһɲ֮
ȥɣڲ΢һĨб۳һʲʴֵ趯ʲʴֱǳŷƵؿ˦ȥ
Ƴɳٶʵ̫ˣ֪´μԼǲһĶ֡
ǱʶУԼݣԲ¹Լ˻ϡ񲻶֣һΣɾ˵ˡ
أ
ڿ״̬еķƸûע⵽ʴʱֱӱؿڣ˱ֱӱײ˳ȥؿڼȫȥɭɭĹ¶˳Ѫ
͡ʮ⣬䵽滬һξ֮󣬷ƲͣΣſڣһѪ
ҵʹؿڴõһѣʱǲɵĵ˼
˿ؿܵشûаͱУΪӵĻôһ飬˿϶Ǳ³
ĵǣ
ԭаӿķƣ˿̣ΪܴиǶԻʸ˫ΪһɱһĨâѹĵ׵ԭʼҵģ
ķûһٴȥţҲۿɼٶڻָʸ˫ɵٴһڱһĨ˿ɵٴ˦еʲʴֱӳŷ˦˹
¡
űϢķƣתܾʱбբһɫХһ㱼ӿϣγһĻɫ棬ʱΧĿռǱѹȵķһ󲻿صը
䣡
ʴŻɫȭͷҵײһ𣬶ʱǱŷһըХžϯȥƣҲ󲽡
ȻǴʱʸ˫ռݺܴƣɲĶ֡
𣡡
ٴܴ죬ûôڱ嵱еķƸе٣෴ģǼĵ׵ҰԣһͷҰް㷢޺𣬺۾ٵĳŻʸ˫۽ƺҪȹ˺飬£


1734 Ұ
췣ͻȻ٣ڹе˴󲿷ֶǸܵˡȴû˳ǸǰУ෴ģΨֱ֮
췣ⲻǿЦǾһҲڱУצ¡
ǲǵģԣȻЩȴҲûֺǰȥۿ˭ڶɽ١

ء
һҵϲϵ쳹ͬʱһδαɫĲʴϵĳ˳ȥϾʣһãϵ³ѪĿġ
ȻʱѪǣ˲һͷҰް㣬۾ٴֲĿĲݵͷ
ʱʸ˫ǳһʺһ㣬ϵĻ˫֣ʴϵ˦߰㣬ÿһζ׼ȷڷϡ
ֻСǿһķƣҲΪľĵЩëȻĸо
Ļ𣿣
ֲʵĸоǰķƣѾǸʱ۸֮ˣһͷֻӵԭʼҰޣ
Ȼ£ǣеֳ죬ȴܹ⣬иУ˫趯ٶȸˡ
ʱһץˣʸ˫ĵ֮ᷢʲô顭
ãһεķƣһεһҲһ
˦ʴ䣬ͷϵĽȴѾ۳ͣһһкͷ
䡭
ͷһ֮ԶĵطʹʵʣһʱǱŷһ˶Ĥ۵ըҵľ磬Х̨㳯˷Űȥ
ƣȴһͷֻʣԭʼҰһƾԼʽ췣£һͷϣʱǱŷһײֻ֮΢Ľٶ˶ѣܹɶ˺
˿̵ķƣѾͻʥ۷壬ӵϷħѾﵽųɵǿĳ̶ȣѾԴﵽʥ۷߽׵ĵز
ⲻǵһ췣ѣȻǲκε
ǣȴһڶ㣬ײķЩ⿪ȥĵ绡ûȫɢܣ󲿷ֶڡ
ǣɫ֮ڣǶһɭٵĵ绡˸ţе䲻Ǵӵ߳׺ħһ
췣ĺ֮ȴķƣʸ˫ʱоЩ
һﻹǹﰡԼʱ췣Ҳ˲ٵѹӶٶȻͿԿĳңҲ˲٣Ͼķڷ츳棡
һﵽãֱӲ췣Ҳ֪ǲǴܾãЩ췣ȻƵˣ
΢һ룬ʸ˫ǷٵҡͷԼˡ
ʲôЦ췣صĻ־ؼκﶼԴݻ٣շܹܵģ
ԸǴȻǾЩֲˣǷȥ룡
Ҳ֮£췣ϵ£ϵļӾ磬ʱǵõŤתƴ굱Уһħһȭ䣬ʸ˫˦Ĳʴζġ
Щʸ˫Ǿ벻ģÿһζ췣϶췣壬󻹻Ľɣ
ԣ췣˺ǵõ󻡶ȵļ͡ʱʾͿԿµ췣
Ͼڣǻһ췣۶ɵأ
ԣ췣İ£Ʊǻʸ˫ʵƽˣʼıƽ
ʸ˫һƬ࣬΢΢ҧ´ڳһĨ˼ɫ
ֱΥ
Ȼݲȥ˼еԵɣΪƾֻʮ֮ԶˣǱסĻô
ֻһͷЩͬʱпЦ棬Ȼôıת˹
䡭
ϵͷϵʹϣԭ貵ĹΣԽԽʱ򣬸ǻᱻһѷ죬β顣
ͷϴԽԽصѹҪȫڶԸ췣ˣǶԿǰ֮ˡ
ǣʼѡˡ
ˣ֮µķƣǳһԵаȻȣӿ˽Ų׷ȥһͷͻȡԼͣ
ľٶʱõĻʸ˫ɫһھȻ˸Żҵɫֱһ̣¶һСŮ˵ǵģ
ѵԼ޷


1735 ޼
¡¡¡
ը쳹ϢΧʯʵǽϲϵһӨԣΧĴݻ٣ȱҴ
ȻܵĳλoĴļӳ֣Ȼܵ췣֮£ͱһƬˡ
췣µľ棬ʱҲŵ߸ԵĶת
ʱѾµص췣ˣʸ˫ٷȥƣ˿ȫͷµ췣֮£ѵţԭݵʱżңڣһĨ
ʸ˫֮Ůӳ֮ݣĵλһֱǸ߸ϣˣǽһλŮһĹţеЩԪϣ˵ҲǿͿģϹ屦Դ
νǺ»ˣˤˣû˸Υ־
ȴ䵽أе裬ߣͬʱҲԼܻᷢе־塣
췣Ψֶ֮ǲܴ뵽췣ڽ
ʱʸ˫вһ˿֮⡣
ãԼӦͷģ
ҲΪɸ֮ϵĲģһԼȻûԼףǣȴҲԼΪ˽ܵĶĸ̵ġ
򵥵˵ʵηᱻȥʱ٣
ԣǱʶģʸ˫ҪһЩϸļƻǣȴû뵽ļƻȴԼ뵽־С
ҲκԼ
һĴϢʸ˫һĨڣʱǶһʵɣöʱʯһֻ֮£ȴһֱ벻ȶشڣǼ籡ĻɽһΣա
𣡡
ƿһ۾ֻڵһ壬꣬һͷԳ㱩ֱʸ˫
췣񱩹µĻʸ˫޷ĶڻУһͬ˳ȥ
ĴУŮе㣬ʱǳڷе˼С
˿̣ܹĿԼµĻʸ˫׵٣޳ë΢΢źϵķۺɫС죬һУƺڶ롣
رǶԸ߸ظǽŵõĺĳ࣬ǿУĶȵİɫ
ǱʹȻƵ˫ֱ֣ӱǸ֮ϣңʶֳ嶯˵õһЩ⣬ʱǴĺһ
˫ָǲʵϵĽӴŻʸ˫ϵЩеشӯӯһյϸСѩ׶ϸȣ˫ֵߵķΧڡ
ģ֮ϵİɫȹҲŷƵ˫΢¾Ǿ飬ʱһƬҫ۵ѩ׼¶˷ԵĿ֮¡
õԭһĻʸ˫ϲɵһĨߺ죬۾ȥֱӣ޳ĽëϵĲǳʱƽ
ƺҲûеõ㣬ֱӱŲźϵСϡ
˿ԥģͷȻǱ͵ǵƬӨ촽֮ϡ
ʸ˫Ƿ۵촽䣬Ҵżֻȣֱ֮˺ҧһڡ
֮󣬷ƼӶ§˻죬ֻǣȴԵЩֱͺԼȡһţڵ࣬ϵȡȪˮ
䡭
ûãΪ˵췣ڴʱȴͬʱкıֱӱǽıѪ졣
Ȼڰ췣Ѿ
ҵʹҲõķΪ֮һѣͬʱ˵壬ҲӴĸΪˣɳ޼䡣
ţ
ҲʹһǣƸܵˣڻʸ˫һɼ䱩ڷӿţһըըһ
һɣ
ʸ˫۾ǰŽߵӣ˫ųһõЦݣƺЦķǳġ
Ա
ͻأ˹ʱһ亹ʹǣ뿪˻ʸ˫ĽһԹ˹ȥ󣬸Ƕ췣ͷҲصĳȥ
ʸ˫ɲǱˣӵеܣǿᣬңľԼ֮ϣһԱ̫ҲûмʻҴ
˿̣ƲûҪ£һֻԶɹ췣˵


1736 
ͷϣֲâ˸ƹԶԶزõ÷ƶǲ˿ͣٶȼĳǰ̡
ڻʸ˫Ͼ˼ɣǸŮˣȻѡԱûԤϵ顣
ֱԼĪʮ֮󣬾ѾӦʸ˫Ϣ֮󣬷ƲǴ뵽һʯҵС
ڣһȺ飬˴룬һ˫˫ӱڣǱ뱩塣
Ȼ֮ĻϢȴõЩԻ¶־ɫǶ̧ͷͷϵĽƣжʱĺ
¡¡¡
޾£ʯңڣһƬ׵ĺţʱǱշ
䣬ʣ˷һڣ֧ţµѿһɲĿӣѪ
˿̣Ѿǵڰ췣ÿһһĺۼЩѪģҡ
ΪҵʹȴҲõķƵǴѵ״̬ܹжϳԼĿǰĴ
ʵģ˿̣׶˲ûʧǴ־֮£һ޾а𣬲ϵĳĵӿǣƺҪ޵׵Ԩ

ڼڵѪҺƲɵİһ
ʸ˫һˣΪ˲ԼףȻѡԱҪԼͬھ
췣Եʣʱ˹ֻ£֪ôġ
Ůˣ
޾ϵк£ķҡڣϵ˺Ҳڼٵӡ
ũҩϵũɲݽҩԻӷ֮ϵ˺Ҳۿɼٶš
췣£ϵˣϵϣһֱѭ
Ŀֲ֮췣Ҳֱܹƾ࿹ˣʥ췣ĺ±ըƬɼǿȣѾԽʥ
𣡡
Ʊ췣ĺ»˫Ŀ죬ϵĴϢţһͷҰް㣬һŶڵϣ˱Ǹ߸ߵԾֱӾͳƵУתܾƺ޾췣ȻѸٵӿڣɡ
͡
һâڸ֣˷ѸٵϮȫǻڷƵϣʱǱѪܣһֲ˿ڱֱۣؿڣ󱳳ֶ
ûд÷ƷӦžһҫĿâ֣صϣֱӽӽںصڵϣѪòҡ
ȻΪ֮ڵа𲻶ϵӿǣҪѵĻǾͱʹά֡
ԣһһεԾ𣬳ڣȻǱĻ
֪αϿӲˣ
Ƕɹ췣ڵаòйĻžᷢʲô飬ҲԺԼľͳΪһͷʧȥǵҰҲ˵ߣ
뵽ЩʱƵǱĸΪˣһ˫ӸǺЩϣ̧ͷ죬ؽƣҪͱƵĳ嶯
ҲҲ
͵һŶڵϣٴԾȭŲϵĺһɹɿֲΧĽϣֱ֮Ӻ飬ȻЩɢĵ绡ˮӿ뵽ڣۼԪеС
ڵ췣̶ȸˣ棬ӵǵ޾׺гţӿ췣ǿ
󣬽ڳˣ׵۶ɣɫӣ˵Į飬ǳ޾ĻϢƺؼĻʹߣְ𣬾Ǵݻ
𣡡
˫ڲûаη壬෴ģֱӾͳŽȥ֮˴һ
顭
Žһ˦βһצǽĺòңϲ˸ִС˺ۣҲһ⡣
ƾѾһƺûиܵϵʹǴűϢһһεĳȥֽãƺҪӽ
󣬽ǺĲⲻ֪ʹ֪ƣķҰޣΪ֮һڣΪԪڵĵڰ
ŽɣʯڵĽҲɢϢҲ޴棬ʲôҲûзһ

ƾôĽŴ󿪵ڱĵϣǣµı޷еǹа𣬷Ϊʹ𽥵ʣһ˿ǡ
ǷһôڵϣȴĽ١
꣡
ûãʯһб򿪣ţǴһϤֺ֣


1737 Ů
췣ٵ֮Զһΰӣͬоˡ
췣Ҫʥ۷ˣ
΢ĸӦ׼ȷжϣʱ΢΢һĨɻɫ
ٺ١һԵΰӿзëȻЦʥ۷嶼ûУܹ뵽˻һΰ̾硣
⴦ԶŴżе飬Ͷʥ۷Ĵڣûʥ۷Ϊ粽У
΢΢ƳһۣȻƺ뵽ʲôüͷһѵ
˭
ΰӲͷȻ϶ʱҲһĨȻҵҡԴµ˵ǸһôܣͻƵ߽۷ѣһʱҪͻƣֱΣǲܵ飡
޷ţ¾죬Ҳǲš
ǣ˷⣬һûдﵽʥ۷˴𣿣
ΰҲ侲֮ƳƳߵ죬ȻСȥ
š
΢ԥǵ˵ͷ
ɽ٣ɲǿЦ飬ǷƵĻɽ֮Ʊػشʱ飬Ϯǻԩ
ԣȻӲ
˵ʵڵģܹøУԴģΰ⣬Ҳͷһˣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôڶʱǿ˴ƽָڻʸ˫˽ܶԲҪϷһ£ǣ֪һﾹȻǸ޾Уֱӱǽȥ
̫ˣڣҲ˵Լȫ˽ơ
һʱ֮콫ĿһʯңֱƽϢΰӲǻĳʯҿ
֣
ƿʯ֮̽ԵĳȻȴǼһ˫Ұްӡ
ѪûаʣŸָӿֻǿ˫۾Ǿ÷ƺһҪըĻҩͰһΣգƺǿͽᱻµʬ޴档
Ƿƣȷǣȴ벻ͨڶ̶̵ʱڣʲô÷ͻˣʲô÷뵽˵״̬С
üͷһû˳ʯңһΰ֮󣬱˽ʯţŷƿ
ƣѾ̱һƳڵϣĽӽԼ죬ڣûɻûоȣûоϲڿһİһ
Ȼ쿿һ׾ʱһɵŵ㣬Ʈıǿڣʱõһһ˫ڴʱƺһԭƽ״̬ʱͱӿȼյĻ棬ջһеĻ档
ķƣ챾ܵľúΣգҲǳڶԼʵţѡ񿿽ңĶ
𣡡
ĿŨԭķͻأһͷҰް㱩ֱһѱǽ޷˵£һ˫ƣסжÿ۳ľᱻɢ
֣Ұ죬ſң
첻ȥֱ˫ųĳӣţҪѳȥǻ¯ܲӦһžĲڻʸ˫ϣǸ˵ĺΡ

ƲϵĴŴȵϵϣƺȷЩʲô쿪ڣźϵľӨ꣬ƺҵĿһ쾪㵵Ŀ£ͷһڱǷס˵С죬ҺݺݵϵȡԼҪĶ
죬ڴʱǳ׵ˣĿǰŽߵӣŴӷƿжɹһʱڣӦ
ӳӵݳ֣ҲţûܹԼαװȻʱҲ֪ΪΣȻƿˣ
Щ㶣飬û֪ҪȥӦԣȥҲû˵Ҷµ
ȻʱȴǱһӸѹ£ȡõͷһת
ͬʱƺû״˫˿ԥģһ𣬶ʱʽǱмѩ񣬰͹µĽһ¶ţڷǰ
Ѿеķƣ˾һĻ˫ҲһĨմ̣ڻڽһͰһ׵ȼ΢һ𣬽ϵһ˿鲼Ҳ٣ڴʱԡ


1738 Ұ
ôҲ벻Ȼᷢ飬ʱŷǳ¯ҲһЩһõЩϢܰ˵Свϵ³΢΢ţˮʵӣƺڷ롣
»Ľһ̳׵ĻΪҰޣһסź˵С죬˫ֱָӷֿ¶޳˫ȡ
Ȼ£ǣʱƺҲܵʲôž·ϣʱ¶һĨҵɫ˸ҪƵĽ
ȻΨһѣ˷ƣǸӣǣɲԼףֲ׵ʧȥ
ҪȣǣȴôҲвڡϾʱ㣬ΰӴǸûˣ
ԣȻǣȴûкʯΰӡ
ѵһ֮
ʱһʣ֮ƺĳ֮»ʧأңڵĳλŮҲ
Ǻܾǰˡ
ʱٿƴʱȻصĺΪƣ
𣡡
Ȼ벻˳ӣȴǼ˷ƵҰԣ˫ڳűһһɿ񱩵Ƴϣ۳һֱӻȻǰһײ
ء
´ҵʹõҧס´΢űϣᣬ˳ջ䡣
ȻʱѾȫ뵽зƣȴ˿ϧֻ֪ȡֱĶѩ׵Ľ£һĿĵĺۼ
ʯ⣬ΰɨܣֲûǰ֮󣬲ǷʯǰȻҪƿʯŵʱԼԼһЩŹֵȴֱƽԭأҲ类һڵ֪Ӧ
ãһ㵵ջƣվԭأþò˸
ݣΪǸĸԣΪΨһ
ԣΣ֮󣬾Ȼ˵лԼܸѣΰӱЩȻʱȴҲûн·ϡ
ϾԼУҲǵλĸߣŹĴڡܹ۵ˣ¼仹ҳ
ȻʱȻûнȥǣ洫Щ޵ȴ֪ڷ顣
ΰӲûȥϵͷҪǶ̫˽ˡңǷͻƵʥ۷壬Ҳûпǿ졣
ʱ߽ȥĺ£º϶ᱻʬ𼣣
뵽ΰӲɵĴ˸ԶʯſڣʯŲԶ䵱ڱֻǣϵɫȴǱԽԽŹ
ţϢȥ֮󣬽ķˣԽΪĺϵɫ͸ӵѰζ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãƵǣĻָ˹ĵһоǸֻܵĴУʱвɵһ
ԼԼǼǵһЩϲݵԼȻ󣬻ʸ˫ҪԱԼӿˣ֮췣֮һƬҵУ޷ƿԼȨһֱڡ
ŬĻţʲô飬ƺһϤ
ʱƱ͵۾£һϤĲϤľ¶ǰʱһҸһξ롣
һߵ߸Ľ¶һƷ͹£κһطҲ覴ãϢ
ֻǣʱ߽֮ϣȴպۣ죬࣬ɫӣŴƣ֮СèһɫıǻһҪȥǻ
죿ȻŮӣ
ƶʱЩĿ࣬ſ˱պϡ
ȷʵڵһμʱΪ룬ŵһ˿Ůе㣬ʱû̫⣬ڣȴֻȻĸо
ȷ̫ˣ֣֮ɺǣŮΪ֮գ֮
ʱαװ֮ˣЩĶǣ˿ڻʸ˫ͪ壬һ崿Ϣ
һ䷲ĵƤСŮһԶУǴʱ˯ȴԵЩ꣬һʥࡣ
ѹ֣
ƻȻαװһӣϷʸ˫ϷŮӣǣҲֻڿͷռռ˶ѣԼƣһУ֤ʵһŮ


1739 
ˣ
û뵽ŮֻһڵȴǸƺ˺ܳ飡
ܹĵʱʧȥǴڿ״̬ԼжôĲб顣Щ콿ϻδȥĺۼϣܹĳ
ʱǱǹһĨɬĻȡ
һУǷǸϲݵĺģºˣôˣ
ʱȻ϶ΪԼ췣µԼԲŸˡԼã˼ҺԼԼȴ˴˵֮£˵ԸԸԭԼԭԼ
ȻڻǣɵԸȴ£֪Ů֮֮ǾãԸ񣬼Ϊɰ⣬ԳǵƤ򵥵˵һûгСһа
֪ЩϷŮӣ֪Ů֮󣬽¶ʲôɫ
Ȼ˴ŮӣȴǲԼħ֣õķھѡ
˼֮󣬷̾һһĨãȻóһԼСĸĽϣԼٴȡһ롣
ꡭ
һڣũҩ֮ϵũɲҡҷһӨҩԱɢϸ㣬Ľϣ˽ȥѸٵ޸ϵĸִ˺ۡ
ƲûѡӱܣĲԼôãһУӦõ֮
š
ƺǸܵϵ⣬ɰıӣһ˸źֱۣ޳µ˫ȣǴ˳һ֮μ䣬ȴǼȸջõķֱӾͿˣЩزҲɵļ
̣ƺѹʱԭȥһȻ۾ǿһɵɵĿԼʱǰһӿԺڣ˵һоѣθУϣٴӿĨ̬糺졣
Լ֮ôʧȥˣ
һоһجһʵǣϻһЩۼȴһУѾˡ
ҡ
˫仯ӣҲعȥֱӣͷſڣȴ֪˵ʲôá
飬ԭ£෴ģ콫Լһ٣һ٣еھθвŻõ⡣
ļһ
һµСһվԼǰȴķƣʱЩҧгݣڸӿֳһĨŭ
飡
ѩ׶޳ĳһ˦ֱӱǽ߷˳ȥײڶʯϣȻصء
쵰Ǽǵãղһ﾿ôԼģ
Ȼվ֮쬵ĽȴʱδţʱԭҪ̳ȥһʱջѾһĳȣ󣬿ٵóһʽѸٵĴϣڸס˱¶ѾõĴ⡣
ķƣϣһһ׵ı任ţ˿̣ĵǸӣЩ
ʣκһˣ飬ԻὫ֮շɱͬҲ
ǣƫƫȴǷƣ֪֮һˡЩԥ²֡
һ⣬ʵĻش𣡡
ԥã컹ûж֣ǿڶŷʵ
֡˵
ɫЩڵ˵ţǲȥֱ
ڳ֮⣬һ֣ǲǡ췣˸Īԣŷϵÿһ仯
ҲĽӴ֮ʵĸܵģֻǣЩţҪõȷϰˡ
һ㵣Ҳ˹΢ԥע£΢΢˵ͷ
˻
ԣ˿̣Ҳɵĵһ֮ڣһƬȡ
췣صĻ־ľǴ⵽Ļ𣬿շؼκ
Ȼסˣ
붼ÿֲŷɫ첢ûɣƺ뵽һЩʲô΢΢һУٴοʵǲһѭ֮
⡭
ƺ˵Ѿǵڶˣǣһ뵽ղ飬˻ȥȻ󣬼˵ͷ
ġ⡭
뵽֮ǰͻ֮ʱΪһĴЩƽ
żȻģöѡ
ڨڨһЦҲûȥĽ͡
ߣ
һٴ˸ΣյĹâвΪ¾ôˣţղŵ飬⴫һ֡ߣ


1740 ʧ˵С
ǩƽȵԼ֮󣬷ƲһЦĸʯ˳
飬ܹװûз𣿣
пЦѣıӰڵɫЩӣھΡ
ԼܹʲôҲûз
ʱķƣȴҲ޷ȥʣֻܰ˼ȥ졣һճʲôҲûз

΢ĺ˿֮󣬷Ʊ̧ͷǼΰһֹŹĿ⣬˵ϲϵɨţرǿԼ֮ʱС۾ڸһĨɫʱƵǱ΢ĳ˳顣
飬ҲΰӰɣ
֪ǣΰʵ𾪣ֱǿһͷһ
֮󣬾Ȼܻų൱Ĳװ
ΰĸпǵãи֪ߵغļһΪϷһ䣬³ǼΪңֱӱϵ
Ǵ¼֮ǵУٸȥСħŮ
ʲôԻΰӲıʳʱԭѾһξλȻͣȻͷ۾ΣյĶõһëȻʶıǶ˷
ʲôҲû˵ʲôҲ֪Ҹղſ羰šΰӾ˫Ͷĵ˵š
Ըˣ
۾бƳһۣǼعͷȥҸоܶͬһطۼǹȥ
ʱΰӲ˿Ҳ亹졣
ɱڣ
˵ĸԣֿԻ
߰ɡ
ΰȻĴָĶҡҡͷǴһĨǳǳĿЦ첽ȥ
ܵĻϣһжûзҲ˵úΣҲҲͬĻˡ
һ·ϣ˶ܳĬΧҲʱӹֻǣΰ֮Ƕѡܿԣһ·ϣҲûʲô˷ͻ
ȻһжڴʱһֹͬĿ꣬û˻飡
㣬жǼΪԣЩҪֺôڨǶѡĮԴ߾ûȤ֮Ҳڨڨ˿
·;УƵĿȴǲϵĴɨţƺѰЩʲôʱԽãüͷҲԽ
Сˣ
֪СʧģΪ˹ڰʥ֮˻ҵ״̬ԣʱһЩ飬ҲǵĲǺ
ڣôһƲȻķ֣СȻûƽʱ֮󷵻
Ҳ˵Сʧˣ
˵СԼȥģǲŵģԣп϶֪ԭ
ѵ췣֮£
뵽ֿܣԼҡͷˡ
ɲΪСô׵ı췣շֻΪʱС״ֿ̬ȴЩܵġ
ԣлЩǡ
ܿģ뵽˽ָڵǸصĺɫСӡ
СûĻֻҪ׵ƿ֮֮󣬾ͿԽ֮򿪣
ڷЩпܣСĴڣصĺɫСǧ˿Ƶϵ
Ҳпܣڴ򿪺ɫСܹ֮ٴμС
ȻڲǴ򿪺ӵĺʱڵҪ֮ƣȴʱʱʹá
Ըû¡
΢ĺ˿ΣȷǱϸˣô飬ƿصķΧ
ңļǵãʱʸ˫ѡԱ
ɲͨС£ƴ˵ĻĿǰʸ˫ԳҲǿܻͷ֮һ
ʸ˫Ϊͷпܻ׵ķŹԼ
˵ԼڲŽʥ۷壬¾ӵиߵĳɾͣпܣҲͷĶ֡
ϾͷصԴ漣ĴԶʱԱĴڡڷ˵Ǿһһĸɽɽµһֻ϶ѡ
ԣڵҲֻŻʸ˫Ҫ£Ȼֹпܻ˸֣֮
ΰһֻڷߣԭһֱ²ҪѯЩʲôķһֱڳ˼ҪڣǱס
Ǹˣ
ΰޱơˣǶ¶֮󣬶Ἣֺ£ǣһԱߣȴûһû˵ʲôֺˡ
͹䰡ֹš


1741 ʯ
ڹϹһĴ㳡⴦㳡м䣬һʯļ̨̨ϣһᱮֱ
ᱮΣ棬ɫڣǳһ㣬һ۱ǻɵĴ
ڿķᱮ֮ϣϲʱһЩӨӨ֮⣬Ӷ¶һЩɬµ·⣬ԵĸءУᱮϸɢһļµĲŹɣȻ
ҲǵʱǸĵطΧĲñǿԿĳԣǾ£ɳ棬ûΪʱ
ʱ⴦㳡ϣۼϰͷ飬עľǣڼ̨֮µͷһף֮ߣһĸߴ顣
ͷѰ黹Ҫĸߴ鼸Ѿ۳ͣȥѾʵʣΧЩ飬ȻҲѾʵļ󣬲ǳ״Ǵ˵еĹһ
ʹλͷߴǲǿһͷֻ£ǱԻἫΪˡ
ЩΧһ߾߹ϵĲкѾϾɣԵȴɴ⴦㳡ϣȻ㳡ȣ
ȻЩ˿϶ǵػ̨Ļ
ڵʱʱڣֵطΪǺεȵĿֲˡҲѹ֣Ľ죬ǣ飬ǼΪһͷǴʯͷҪǿϡ
ʱ⴦㳡УѪ֫洦ɼȥֱӱ˺һѾֲǵòһ̲ѡ
ȻЩȥˣǵ־ϣһֱڴ˴ػż̨иҽӽߣǱ˺飬շ

⴦㳡ԶҲۼѾкüʮˣǶڽ䣬ҽ뵽⴦㳡ķΧڡ
Ȼ嶯ģѾ𵱳ͬʱʱ飬ǻ𺳣ԣǲѡʱ
ʱǵĿⶼǷڹ㳡м̨ϣԵķᱮ֮ϣ˸ŸָĹâһ⣬Ҫõ⴦ᱮ
Ϊᱮӿһ貵Ĺֱû⼫пܾɳ֮Ҫԭ
ԣǶҶ϶ܣᱮ֮ڣ
ʱ֮ڣ˿ǲ٣ǣ뵽㳡ΧģѾһ⣬Ϊˡ
ԣЩˣŵ㳡ŨѪζ֮󣬶ѡͣԶԶŸʵķᱮֻܸɵۣ̾
ΪֹᱮļʮˣûһܹᱮʵҲȫ⴦ᱮ֮Щ·İ塣
񱦾ǰԼȴΪָоǺܲܵģƵЩҪѪȴҲ֪Ǽ꣬嶯Ҳ޼£侲˼ԲߣôɱЩ顣
ֻǣʱȴǲͬˣϵʱǻ໹ѡʱǣȴУΪɰֻܾһ˲䣬˭Ҳ˳ȥõᱮ֮ڵ񱦣
ԣӪҲǶڻĹ۲ŶԷѡ㳡Ҫģȥȥǵĺȣ
Ϊһ㣬ԣûðյĳȥΪʱ˱
˭˵Щڹ㳡ʬצµģ
ûãһӰһλ߱⴦㳡ıԵ
ǻʸ˫ǾͨƵߣ
ʱʸ˫ϺѪɫ԰ֽԲ̬ƺزһң˫УһֵĮĵΧ¶ȶǼٵ½ȥõΧ˶ǲĿ뾪Ȼ
ǵֱȻжϵĳп϶Ƿʲô飬ߣϮ˻ʸ˫
ֿԲûС
ԣ˵ΧΪ»ײùͷϣǣ㶼ѡ˱á
Щʸ˫ûȥעΧһԵĮģӣֱǷ˹㳡м̨ϵʯϡ
ͷźߣ΢ĵ˵ͷȻ󣬻ʸ˫ΧˣȻֱǳǴ̨ȥ
ͬʱαǱЩһƷһ飬ĶЩĹһƮݵĲӰ˲ǳ̨
λҲû˿ԥΧ˲ˣ̤һµƣμǳԾԵţڻʸ˫


1742 ̫Ŵ
ͻı仯ʱõĹ㳡ԵϵһǾĪм̲ס׷ȥ

䣬ǴҽǼ˶Ǳֱ˺飬볦ӣһأĺòҡ
ʱʸ˫ǺѾӽ˹㳡мǴ̨ش
ء
վڼ̨֮µͷߴʵʵ鶸Ȼ䣬۾һ˫ʯӣɷĿǰĴߣܹѪҺ̵ϢӴɢϯܡ
ûн벽۾磬٣Ҳ˵۾żĴڣ˰벽ۣ˸֮⣡
Ȼʱʸ˫ȴû˿ηɫĴڣֱûҪܵ˼
ڣ
ͷ鹥Ҫ֮ʱʸ˫λڶȻ䱬һĨ⣬һ壬һµĴǽʸ˫ڡ
ৣ
Ŀ֮£ֱƾʧĹգڵϣŷȻûѣǣ˶ܹоõ𶯸С
ɼͷʵε˵ˡ
ǣ
ۼ˲Ƿ˻ʸ˫Ǻߵټʱͷ
Ϊ˾ȻƾԾͷ飬ֱӾͳڼ̨ϣʱʸ˫ѾƣӨʯϡ
ৣ
ʯ֮˱ƾʧǺҲһʯȻʧ˵ڡ
ء
ʱ̨µͷǷĺޱȣ˶ĤۣЩ˵ĶʺѪ
ɶ񰡣
ʧڼ̨ϵˣ˶ɵİһ
һˣ
Ҫ֮ʱȴǼǴʯ˱ŷĹٳûɢʱõӿһĨɻɫ
ʸ˫Ѿ񱦣ôγɳ֮ĹԻʧŶԡڣڣ˵ʸ˫ûе֣
ѵǿʯһռ䣿
˲Ǽʶ㣬ܶྫ˱ǿʼ
û´ĻӡԲδܴ򿪣񣬷ӡ֮ʧԣ⴦ַؼգ
һ׷ԲԵţ˸⡣
˵Ļô⴦̨ϵʯпܾ⴦ĵڡ
ֵطඥбǴڣڶͣķѱͬɡ
뵽Щ֮ЩԭѾˣʱڱӿϣĹâܶ˱Ѿٴοʼẓ̨̇Ҫ뵽ʯռڡ
Ȼ棬ǻڶ汦ңԶʱڵģĵõһԵ̰Ĵڡ
ܿ죬Ƿˡ
ڶ˺շɱһͷ֮󣬼˲䣬һͷֱͬ㳡˿٣Щ뵽ڵˣȫշɱ˺ƬѪȣֻˣҲų˼̨ʧʯڡ
ţѵﱻ̫Ŵ󣿣
ֳ棬һʱŲУǲ˼𺳡
ν̫Ŵ󣬿Ǻ֮ඥҲδؼСΪֹܹؼеۼ
⣬ҲǴʢ˥յ֮һ
֪һӵдǽ߱жƣݽߣңһֱŨ״̬
ȻѾظ룬ǣ⴦̫ŴȴڷãƬżеۼ˹ԣŻֽ״
ǲͻأΪλʸ˫Ǻ߳뵽ڵʱ򣬲ûѡ֣ƾֵƽжܡԭˣΪЩ鲻٣
ܿģ㳡ϵĲҽͣΧ˼Աһ룬ֻСĽļҴ
󣬲ϵ˸Ҳ˳ȥҾ磬ϵݡ
ûܹܵջ˶ԴҪ壬Ȼӵ̫Ŵ£˶ᱻշڣ飬һͷûм١
죬ΰ˸֮ʱһŨѪζõ˶üͷ塣
СˣǴ㳡̫Ŵ󣡡
ԶԶģɨһۣΰӱǵĶߵš
ɫδ䣬ƺԤϵСƣȴһãȻĿΰӡ
ΰ΢Ȼһ֮󣬱Ҳǽ͵򵥵˵Ǵ㳡ڵɱģԣҪֱӳȥ뵽𣿡
˵䣬ָָ̨ϵʯ


1743 ʯռ
ϵļ̨صʯǵصĹһжڸ߷ƣڳ֮ڵĹؼ
ɱ
ΰ˵ƻǲ⣬ھɻֱһ˽һͷͷ­ն£ȴٴѸٵĳһͷ֮󣬲仰˼
ʱڱһĨ𺳵ɫͬʱҲ˽⵽ν̫Ŵá
ʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣Զʱһڵĺ֮أ̫Ŵã϶ǽ뵽ʯ֮ڣ
ֻ΢˼Ʊǲɵĵһ
˵ۻȥ⴦ʯڵﵽһֲĵزǵٶȣ޷
Ƕĵ𣿡һĨȻһ
ǰܲЩ֮ӵٶΪλȰ½Щſ񣬼⴦̫Ŵ֮еԵڡ
ʯռڡ
뵽ֿԣƱһȻĿΰӡ
ûôֲǻụųģӵĿռڣǲģΰӰһۣǿһĿ
ΰӺܲףΪһﾹȻһЩʶ֪̫ŴĴڣֱ޷⡣
ƳһһԵ죬ֺɳһſ֮󣬻ûпʡ
ԭˡûĿ⣬Ȼĵ˵ͷ
Ҳѹ֣粢ûĴڡַֻյĿռڣòɢԣŻֻ
Σջеġ
ǼķƲЩʶԣΰӱǼ˵ǿʯռڣ϶ǸһЩԶޣҸҿ϶˺ᣬңһһĴ
仰õķԭȥģ˲
Զޣ
ңǱһѡеޣǾԶǿޱȡ˵ÿһͷ൱ʥޣ޼ĴڣңΪһֱǴͬһռڣʯڵޣѪ϶Ϊ˥
Ҳ˵⴦ʯռڣޣÿһͷ϶൱룬ȼĴڡ
뵽ҲЩͷƤ飬СĽ
ߣ
ΰӽ͵ĲˣĿбӣ³һۣ˱ѾСŹ㳡ȥ
ꡭ
˫һӣɭ׵췣γһԲΣ˱ӻڡ
˿̣Ҳǲϵ˳뵽㳡֮˸ǲĲҽ쳹Ϣȴûܹͣ
ϾϣǰûԸԣ˴ʱҲûע⣬Ϊ˵ĿⶼǷڼ̨ϣΪҪÿһ뵽ʯռڵ˼
ء
ڷһ뵽㳡ʱ򣬱ͷ鳯˹ֻǵ췣֮ǵǿʼð̣ʱǿбǷһ㣬Ѹٵĺţһһ˫˫ڸǳԻĿ־С
ôһ·ţΧ鶼ûκѡܿ⵽ΧЩ꣬ΪЩΪˡ
⣬ʡ˲ٶΰӰ촽˸Īľ⡣
˽ĸӦԼ췣Ұٷ֮ٵȷ
֪ܹаƺصĻ־֮⣬ûˡ
Ҫ˷һ£
ͷʵʵԼΰɫһ䣬бǷһʯ̨׼ˣ
ڷƻûзӦ֮ʱһ貵ĹâǽڣʱǾƺ뵽ĳڵĿռһֻ˲䣬۾һǷԼѾӹ㳡֮£˼̨֮ϡ
Ͽ죡
ΰЩٵڷƶ𣬽ţǼΰӽʯ֮˱ʧԭء
ʱҲ˿ԥıǽʯϡ
ৣ
һ޷ֱӱǽ˽ȥٴ۾֮һԴ¶ǰ
ɽˮ޺һľǴżȻͬ硣
ͬʱƸǾã˱Ǵһɼ侫УȪһ̹ܹĸܵõΧشĴڡ
ٺ٣ǲҪռڷ۾֮󣬶߱Ǵΰӵ


1744 Զ
Χ糱شۿɼܹ൱ڰ֮ʱĳ̶ȣ
˱أ˵ҪǾǼٵģ
ţܹΪҵĴӪôҷչٶȽʼ
ʵģ÷ڴ˴ۼʮٰ꣬˵ںɽۣ磬Ҳһϯ֮λ
ȻǰҪصס
Ǹյ⣬ӵ̫Ŵ󣬺ܿͻᴫȥ֪Ǹʱ򣬿ɾͲֹһ𶥼ˣ
ϾֹǼΪѵõģҲÿһжС
ʱ˵ɣ
˼΢΢䣬ǳߵķȥ
ûбҪֿˣҪδ֪͸죬Ҳǲüͷ
˲Զһ޺֮Ǵ˹ɽƺţԶХɳʯ
һͷ༫Ϊ͵ľޣˮװ׳Ĵȣһ׳ĳβʮ֮ߣһټԴŰɭɭݣԵļΪˣƺκﶼҧһ
ңǸ߸ıϣһ۰Ƭǣҫ£ҫ۵ǿ⡣
ʱΧıʮģߣվԶԶĹйͷ޴תӴؿ븹ҲѾƿѺۣѪ
Զ
ΰӰͣԶޣڻĹʱھѾˣ벻澹Ȼһͷ൱ѵð
ƬڵʱԿһʵףڵļǣһ޼᲻ݵǹҾ˵ԶǳΪϸ壬֪ǲġ
ͷڷľޣΰȴ˸⣬ƺҪ֤ʵһ
ò˵˵һԶޣҲǻǱҲѹֵȦ
һĨ⣬ʱ뵽ԼڵܡĿǰܵܣƺո޵ľŻӡ
ⲻɵ÷ҲЩ⶯ˡ
ѵȥ
ƳһߵΰӣЩԥˡ
ˣʣ϶ĳĴնɱˣҲ
ֻΪһͷޣЩֵá
ٺ٣ģƾһͷԶΰӿзյĵЦ˫һ㿴Ϸ
ֻǣƵüͷȴ΢΢
ΪڴʱԶһֱڱ״̬ߵĹרŻûƬǵĵطӴϲϵһ˺ۣµأѾѪȾ죬ʱҡƺѾ֧ˡ
ΪΰӵѣȴϸĴ䣬Ƿ֣ͷԶ˫ɾ񣬲ǴΣģ
ʱǷˡ
¡
һ֮£Զڻ˵ĵȥ޴ѹ䣬õĵ涼ɵһ
߶һۣ˿ѾеԶڶ¶ϲɫ
ȻڴУֲϲȱ٣ǣԶϵЩܹĲϣȴǿųȥǱضۣͷֵöԴ
Ͼ統УִԶޣѾˡ
ʱȻ֪ͷԶļֵǣȴûҪ̵˼ƺʹʲôЭ顣
ϾֵطԶޣ϶ֹһͷûи֣׳Կģ
ûʲôԶʱͻأģԭȫ޵ԶͻȻβֱӱǽһ߳أһһҧУҵĴֽ£ֱȥ죬ʥ۷߽׵ô׵ıշɱˡ
Ƕˣǵã۾Ψһ㣬һһʱŪ
ΰȱǳԶȥƺѾԶ֮ˡ
͵Ƴһ죬ֺɲ˵ƺɲǼʧȥ˻ǰĵԣ˿̶ټǱһһ
õķƵӵĳˣ֪ǺãҲ֪ȥȰ˵΢̾һ𣬿ٵĸȥ
ڹԶ֮ʱƲǼʶΰӵĿ¡ǿԶΰӱǴӽָóԴֱԶڡ
𣡡
ָһصӡ֮ԴʱǷһ貵ǿ⣬һ΢Ĺ֩һԶΧס


1745 ֮
غ𡭡
ŭŭԶĴдʱǹһǿ磬ǰһƬֶǾݻˡ
˿̣Ϊģ򱬷ǿ⣬۳һĹм䣬޼£޷ѡ
⡭
ƲɵһڣһƬ𺳣þòƽϢ
ֱ˿̣ļʶʦĿ£Ⲽһ󣬱ǽͷʥ۷˽ϵԶˡ
ϣеڶ𣿣
뵽˵Ӫӵ˺ˣǿ߽˲͸ı棡
ңƸãӦûΰеһǶѡ
Դʱ̵ˣʱڽʱЩΰӵϷŮӣ¶ʹɫԭˡ
ǿߣǵʧ
˷ҵԴ
ڷΰӴĽţоСûʲô𣬽ƽϵ¶ţһҲǸƴʦ
ӡ
ܿ죬Ʊѹе𾪣ֱתϷħڶʱӿһĨɵ⣬û貵Ĺâʣ㡣ͬʱ󶯼䣬һ޴ӡ۶ɡ
¡¡¡
ɵľ޴ƣǿԽʱն̺˾޴ѹΧĿռ䶼ǵһŤʵʵ΢΢Ĳ䣬ǱŷһĲĲƺǿշأΪˡ
ӡ
ûжԥƱֱӽⷽӡײԶԶͷ
̣
һըͷԶͷ­ֱӱǱѿΧɢһɼ񱩵쭷磬ΧظǱƷ˼֮ĹҲ飬Χը죬ţըһƬݻٴ˿񱩵ķ籩õķ˶òһξ롣
ãɢԭһСɽµĵطڱһӣȥʮףǿӿݣƬһƬǽ塣
ǸУһͷƵΧһЩƬѪ⡭
棬õķƶЩɵˣþûزߵΰӣǵԲ۾
ҵԴ飡
̣ĲҽǴΰӵĿдһŭĿŷƣƺҪ֮һٵģ
ʣڷӡըĳ£ΰӵԴҲǱѿԲ֮ը
Դ
ңΪըڱըĵͷԶǼըʬ޴棬ԭӴʱķѣһ⣬һҲס
ΰӿ첽ǰȥЩƬĺȣ뱻ըһصļǣЩᡣ
ЩϻãҲֻʥѣֲϣǣۡ
֪ͷԶֵ𣿡һƬƬݺݵڵϣΰЩҧгݵĶŷʵģǺ޲óҪҧƼһ
һ顣ȻԶʱܹĲϣλܵͣ
һöԴ
⼸֣Ǵΰбųģ˵䣬ǷֱֵţƺĲᡣ
ԭֵһԴĶڷƵһ֮£ױһѷ˵ܲˣǷԼҲһȻ֮Ҳ۵ֱ
һöԴʲô˵ģӵеԴֻҲһ롣
ڣһٿԴͻԼһ֮£÷βʹ
Ҳûϵӡܻǿѡ
ԭڷƵԤϵУĿǰųϷħʩչӡҲʥ۷߽۷Ҷѡ˭ϵʥ۷˽״ڵԶȻ˵Ĳ
ѵǡ
ͻأģƱ뵽ԭ
֮
Ѿȫƿ֮˵ʱѾ뵱֮޼ˣֻ߲ͣ
ԭܼ򵥣ϣ
ҲԶ˲Ҫԭ
ûзӳϵȷһҲֻ൱ʥ۷˽ҵӣǣӵ˾֮һбǱĲͬˣ
ϣһףϣһףһԲʥ۷Ž׵ܣ
뵽ԭԴķƣʱԼǱԼĿǰӵеʵһӿֳһĨµľϲ
˵ĿǰľǿԿκʥ֮ˣ
ϲ̫죬õķһʱЩӦվԭء


1746 â¶
ʱڱ˵вһֻ϶ѣ˭ҪһšΪûо޴ıֻѡϵıãȥκ棬һֱԵЩµµΪƽ
磬֮ûǿֱ̨ӱ⵽˰ʥصķɱǽҽʶ˽壬ֻ߲
˿̣ܵԼǿ֮󣬷ƲһԼԼƿصĸо
ѾǵǸˣ
һɺӿ𣬷Ƹ̲סֱſڿһХһεϣ쳹Ұ˷ɫ
䡭
һɿԵƣȻ䣬ڱŷϯܣһλߣƺҪ档
ؼ䣬˭
Ѿǵֻ˭һŲϣһܹκʥ׾ľǿˣ
ķйڻ۵¶ţâ¶
ͻı任õԭŵΰҲͣԭڵȻ𽥵ıɵľ㵡
ʱȻ𣬼ǰһﲻǲ߽پŶɽ٣Ҳʥ۷׾ѣǣղſһͷﵽʥ۷˽׾Զް
ҵ찡
ʱΰӲǮе˳͵ĵһ
Ȼܹʥ۷˽׾ԶըģȹѾﵽʥ۷Ž׵ĵز
Ÿ簡
ΰӵĿɨ죬ֺȻѹе𺳣ǣǿ˴ͫĨ졣
Ȼ죬ʥ۷׵ʱҲӲ˵
ԣ˵Ƶ츳Ȼ֮ϣ
ôܣؼѵгԽʴڣΰӿţЩš
ͬΪ⣬ңǧѵһԶʱ֮ʱֹһλ壬λĳɾǡشͬ룬ѹһˣ

ʣ֮˱λųƺ
ԣУλǷͬ죬ЩϹŶǣǵϹ屦ţΪֹû˸Ҷ˵һػ
춼飬ȻһɳСļһˣ
Ǽʶ㣬ȺΰӣʱҲ벻ͨеԭ򣬲׷ƾġ
ʵѾǰǻƽֻǣƵĿ⣬ٴαˡ
ֱ仯ǽ֮ͬһλϵˣǶλߵ
ʦǿǣĸǶѣҪģǽһλǿ
죬ѡ
Ҳĳؼܰɡ
ΰҲֻҰοˣ͹鹦ڷʩչķӡ档ȻǿҲΨһԽ͵ˡ
Ǿ֮ƿص𣿹ʵ첻΢ľȹ󣬱Եɡ
֮統ҲǴ˺պʱo磬Ȼûܹһ
ĹֶΣʱʩչ޶ɫܣżصһģһ
Ѿ֮䣬Ѿ׵ƿ塭˸Īľ⡣
ӲҪѡһλµĻôʵ츳һҪԼʱķƣ
ͷ΢ĸ֣ǾɵϣʱǶһ˵糺졣
ãƲƽϢֻǣϵϢȴתˡ
˵ǰһ޷׾ôڵһֱľ񽣣
â¶
ڵ͵ȥ
ǿƣ
ֻǿƣ˲Ų㣡ֻǿƣ˵İΣܵõϣ
ˣӵеٸߣɻ裡
ƣҪǿƵòǰҪ֪ˣκεˣһеǿƱ
һ϶бܡƳһ۷֮ջĿ⡣
ţƾ֮壬ʩչܹﵽ˵ܡΪҪһĴ۲УƸղţƺƵ
ԣڷϣ϶֪顭
ΰ֣Ǹˣ֮󣬷ϴһĨǳǳЦ⣬ǻ˼Щʲôΰ˵ţƺָֻ˴ǰ
Ŷû¡
ΰӻعİ˰֣Ȼƺ뵽ʲôƵãּһ䣬ôǿȻǾ߶ͣɱԶޣҵʧͿˡ
ɴ֣ƽš


1747 
ΰӲ˵Ҳд⡣ɱдԶޣܹļƷϣǣܹӦƿԼӵеʵ
ղţԼʵ㹻˽⣬Ҳᷢˡ
ǶԶ⵱з˷ҳһЩƬǰؼǣһЩõ飬һָڣ죬ΰӼԶƽ
ЩΰǿϣΪе̡ǣȴͬЩƬ뼹ûȥǸʦһҲǿƷʥ
飬ȻҪġΪΰ˵ζΪоڵܡ
ҲͷƾԣھۼĶһ㣬ܲǻ£ҲĳͻȻóҲ˵
˿ɱԶ޵ʱ⴦żڣȴһȺ֮͡
Ȼֻ൱ڷƵ˶ԡ
ʥصˣ
ǰģǰʥ󣬽ŵǰʥӣһڰʥصԪϣƺƴһ·ֱӱرԵ
ܵϤԭµĽ壬Ȼ۾һ˫ڶ˵⣬أ˵ķֱ֮ӱǻǰİʥ
ء
ھʥʮ֮Զʱ򣬰ʥӡ貵ļ⣬ֱӱײϣʱǷ˴ըһ˲֮ڣƬļֱַӱƽˣХϯǰʥʱɢһϵסɾĳһȺԪҪʧһС롣
ˣһԪҲԵЩͷȻҲŵĲ塣
Ͼǿǰ벽۵һϣֻ·һ
ȻΧ˴󲿷ȴ˲ɵĵһһ˫˫𺳵ӣǷ˰ʥϡ
ΪʥȻ˽һ
˵ʲô
벽ۣʥȻɾ˰벽ۣ
һ֮󣬰ʥΪȫĽ㣬ڶľϵĴӸ쳹Ϣ
ϴνʥطͻ飬Ǵķзңɽţշɱ˰ʥϴʥֻǣ˭Ҳûϵʮ֮󣬵ɥ֮ȮİʥȻҲٵ۷֮
ȻڽĹ֮£˰벽۵żνǻеøȻһҲܴﵽ־硣
壬ڼʥĨԵõЦ֮ɫ
ȻҲԼɾ˰ʥ
壬ѾԹϴʥնɱΣѵҪ𣿣
ʥҲɢԼ벽۵ƣĳŽ۽ף˶Ĥۡ
ȷ𽭼ҵıңˣѾˣΨһʣµϴʥҲѾնɱҲ˵Ǹˡ
ߣ
һɿ񱩵һһɰƱХһ㳯Űʥϯȥ
̡
ʱ˼죬һ󣬿ռ䶼㵴ţ˱Ʒ˳ȥһЩùǲҵ뵽صеĹ㳡ϣʱǱɱֱӽ顣
λ
Ǵֵʱ򣬲Զĺȴǿˣʨˣõ˶ͣеĶڣһĨɲĺȻ
ȻĺҵλڣȻһڰ벽۾磬ǣԾͻҪǿˡ
ϾĺҵλѾ꣬ʱ䣬һ롣
˵ĻۣҲһͨӵмǿοһλ벽ۣ
ҲҪλ֮ĶԹ
ڽʥ֮ͣĺҵڲǼ˵ţֻǣʵڲǶֵĵطҾãȴ˴ˣλڽ˶ԹҲٰɣ
ҲҪϺˣ෴ģභֵϹֻۡǣﻹвĺҵԪϣɲԼʧ
λ벽ҲͬǺһţ岻òѡ̣ݺݵĹ˰ʥһȺԪһ֮󣬲תȥڵĹ
󣬴ЩһȺбм˰ʥߣϸĻ㱨
ȻЩ˱ǰʥɳ̽ӣڰʥûͻ֮ʱǱѾõһ׼ֱڣʥͻƣǵĻˣ
ӵа벽򣬰ʥҲѾʸ
󣬱ɰʥӴʮʥصԪϣһͬ뵽ڡ


1748 
һ޼ʵĴɭֵУ޺һЩĴ粻ϵĺХϯɳʯڲţѿһɲѷ죬ԭƽԴһĵ򣬴˿ȴǱһսһƬǽ塣
Ȼֹƣ죬ΰɱԶޣˣ֮󣬶Ѹٵļ뵽С
Ͼܹ뵽ˣ˭ʶ
ÿһͷԶޣֵٶ൱ʮԴϣԶ־ޣϰԴۣ
ջûܹܵˣرЩûа벽ûȥδ֪ĳ񱦣ǽ˼⴦統еԶϡ
ջ񣬶˵ҲѾ㹻ˣ
䣬ǿԶڷܹסǵĲһ綼ƾǿߵĴЩԶУȴǲһһ棬ǻɣϡá
Զ޵ѪѾǴڣѪ֮ҲǣܹΪʥޡ
ɼ⴦統еԶжôǿᣡ
ɱȴǼΪɡ
ΰöԴΪý飬󡯣ʥ۷˽׵Զ޶ܹסһʱ䣬ȻǱ׵Ľ
ֻԴĵȴǱȽϴʥ۷˽׵ԶޣԴָʮӶѡֻ߽׵ԶϣԴŴܹʹá
ԣʱڣɱԶѾͷƽҲõͷ
ǿɹ۵ջ񣬶ңڶεĳ֮£ʵҲһŵ˽⡣
о֮Ϸħʩչӡܹﵽʥ۷Ž׳̶ҡֻǵʩչϷħֻ֮൱ʥ۷߽ס
ΪϵĴڣֻشǲġ
÷ƻǱȽģȽϣʱǽʥ۷׶ѣţžܹӳܣԽԽֲǴﵽʥ۷Žףô֮Կɳʥ׵һˣ
ڣǶʥ۷Ž׵ĵˣԶ޵ĻȻܹԿȴûлʤİա
ϾѾʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣÿһ൱ȫһĲ֮£ܹ⣬Ѿ൱Ĳˡ
ԷڵʵȻ˵ܹʥ֮޵УֻҪԷǰ벽ۣ²жԷܹȫˡ
һͷʥ۷Ž׵ޣҪҪȥɱ߼䣬ΰָͣŲԶһ峺ȴ׵Ĵŷ˵
ʥ۷Ž׵Զޣ⴦統ҲΪϡ٣ңƤޣˣоŽ׵ǿ߽뵽ҪɱҲǲܵ顣
ΰܹסͷ𣿡üͷһ֮󣬳ʵ
ΪͷһǱˮ棬ҪѣʮԴ趨һ͵ĸڰϣܹ֮еĻôסӻǿܵġΰЦеĶ˵ţǵĻȣԵЩ졣
϶һޡ΢΢˳飬ҲûסΰܹͷŽ׵޸סӵĻӦûпɱɹġ
ţЩĶ
ϾܹŽ׵ޣ϶ΪϵĲϣضΪ
ôҪҪԣ
ΰյţĵı֤һͷޣޣжٶȻǱȽģֻҪܹϰԾӲˣ
ŶƵȴһС
϶⡣
ΰԽ˵ĺöԸԽǲţȻһ϶˵ڡ
žˣΰֱӽͷһתҪߣ÷ƿ˸ɫ
жٶǻȴڰϣˮУٶȿǲͣԲ㡣
˵ҽϰͿǰɣƳƳǿ׵Ĵһ֮󣬷ǴһĨǳǳĻȣ΢Цʵ
ûֻҪϰҾܹסΰֱתű֤š
ǺãҽƴĳһЦǳźȥ
ȵȰȲ󣡡
ΰӿнţҲǿٵĸȥȴɱֳĬ뵽֮Ҳûп˵ϸĻüģһֱһϸСĻȣƺʲô¡
ΰӲƴʦǼʱ䣬ʮöԴڵϲһµĴƱҶڸǣƽز֮ǶԷ˵һԶˡ


1749 취
ɫĺˮ峺ȴɼһȥڵһƬ֪ж
ǳߵߣ䣬ԭڵӱתϾɫվںߣɨɼĺס
ˮȣ棬ûȥǸܵһǿˮѹȥЩҽΪˮѹѹţԣ޷ӿǣĵα仯ĻǺʣ⴦пܻһɽ
ɨʮ֮ڣһһ򳡴СҽУҵһͷţ״ޡ
ͷ޵ͼΪӴ󣬱ϵļ׿ǣһǱһڵɫʸУ˸ټһЩ·Ǽ᲻ɴݡʱͷţ״ޣڻҽУȪһȵҽ޷κ˺
ҵˣ
Ƶͫûɢȥ෴ģϣɢһļµĻϢͬʱһ˫֮ϣ˸һɭ׵ĵ绡
꣡
˫һɭɫĵ绡Ǵָ£ûˮУֱͷţ״Ϯȥ
ɭɫ磬۳һ˿ߵ״һΪ鶯ˮдУֻµһʱȴµĲţ޷һֱߣڽӽƬཬʱ򣬴һʱ䣬Ȼֱӱĥɾ޷ټǱ
õķüͷһһӴ췣ɭɫߣǴԭĴָСֱ۰׳ɴȰĴ׳󣬱ֱӳֱ߶ˮѹششҵĺǱļ׿ϣ޴һΧ˳ҽð˰̡
Ȼ䣬ԭŵޱӣڣһƬεɫ󺣣һۣ񶼱ɵĴ
ء
΢ĳɵУɭɫٴγΣȴĶ㿪߻ҽڣʱƬһƬɫ
˻
ƺܵƣ޿з̶˻ˮ»صһˮõΪ֮š
ȴûз𹥻˫εɫֱڣԻɻ
ȻӦΪɵ֮һֻǣ벻ͨǣΪûжɽ٣Ҳή췣
̧ͷһ˫εɫӱһУֱӾͿںϵķƣʱԭɻ󣬱Ǳ˷ŭ
¡¡¡
һ޴죬ޱһǱˮͧٵֱϡ
Сģˡ
еһ֮عͷʱȴǷ֣ΰ춼ѾټʱڱһĨȻɨһ֮ȴŷ֣Ѿһǧĸɽˣʱǲɵĳ˳飬иһĨõԤС
ƳһΰӲµĴڣ΢ԥǱܿ˴ڣٵĳźȥ
䡭
޸ˮ֮ˮ涼ǽǧ֮ߣˮλ˲٣˳ӿɢû˲ٵط
ꡭ
ɨһۣޱǷ˷ڣʱһ޴ˮǴ¶ֱײƵĺ󱳡һ·ϣɽʯ赲ˮǰһУݻ٣ֱӱǿһ·ϣһʮ֮Ѻۡ
ӡ
֪ѾӿһɵӨ⣬˫󶯼䣬һӡ۶ɣ˿ԥıײǵˮ
̡
ľ쳹Ұ˷Χɽʯľƽγһӣˮ£ֱӾγһСĺ
ֱǴǴͨһѷ죬вɵĵһ
ҺãûгΰӲ´ĵط룬Ȼһ֮£Աȫ
΢ԥ֮£ޱٴһԶصˮõòѡܡ
ȻʱԷӡܹסǣɻɺܴѹ
ôϰ
һֱںвϰޣüͷΪա
ȻͷǵޣƺҲԼϰʵԣܷƣǲϰ
ԡ
ԶΰӵңңĴɽصţõķƶʱ۾һʱ뵽һİ취
䣬޾ĵ绡Ǵ˫֮ȫǳźӶ˲䣬㶼ڵ绡ַΧڡ


1750 
ꡭ
ɭ׵ĵ绡һ߰ڲϵţһ˵УɢһļµĻϢĲ
涼绡ֵʱҲǲˣ˿̵ԾԵļԭزϵŲ˲ˡ
Ȼ췣Ŀ־֮ģ޷ߵģǿȴﵽʥ׼µĴڣˡ
ΪƵĲϹƣûѡǱغףǳŷڵİ
õķһϲûκԥģǳΰӲõĴڵķƶţңһ˫۾ѾǱ˻ɵɫѾʼ۷ӡ
ʱͷƺҲͷԣƶ˷򣬲ңΪϵĵ绡޷񹥻ߵ˰ߡ
ˡ
ͻأģϰ֮һ쳹ʱһĹʮλŷȥײ֩ڵĴһȴǰѲˡ
ӡ
ڿ֮󣬷Ʊ˿ԥĽѾ۳ɵķӡ˳ȥֱӾͺ޵ͷ­ϣʱǱſһѪ޵ͷ­ֱӱſһ룬׹ɭɭһֻӶֱӱѪ졣
ҲΪӡĳõĹֱ߽ˣȻͷȴûе£ǸΪĶŷƣһɾŷɫ
ã
ɫ䣬ʧˣû뵽ͷ޾Ȼ˵ǿᣬȻܹȫ֮µķӡһ
ʱʵģѾ˷״ֻ̬ѡˣɱ

ͻأģһ쳹ţؼǹɿֲϢʱ˲ɢȥ
һعͷǼͷѾȥһԣվһӰ
죬˭
һǽе޵ͷ­նɼʵжôĲ
壬ֹ϶صʣ£һεĳ䣬֪ؼʲôı仯
ٺ١ڷƷ֮ʱΰҲѾԶ˹һϹϲõɫӴļ׿ǣ¿ˮ
Ҫʶһ·벻Ȼõˡ
ϸż׿һƺۣڸԼİŮһǶһͻŪ۶Էһ
ɼƵоѾһֳԵĳ̶ȡ

˿һ֮󣬱ǲųȥǣȴǹһĨЦ
ֻ£ΰԤƺˣԼ޷㶨ޣֻҪԼ췣ϰѡ
һն
ͷͷң
߹ΰӱӸһöָȻͷҲصϸ۲ż׿ϵ·ɫ棬û֮ǰЦŵ
ɨһۣƱǼָ棬ٲȻǷָΰӵͷ޵塣
ҲҪ
ʱ򣬺ֱ˵ţŷƵĿ⣬ǿİһõķв̾
ԭǢĹϵȴΪһεƻ˿̣ͬİ·
˵Сӣ
ֻΰӣ˽⣬Ƶжôˡ
˵ƴʱ¶ܹﵽʥ۷Ž׵ʵǣҪɱԻǿԵġ
ԣֻһֿܣ첻ɱȻǲɱô˵仹кøеġ
ֻһͨŮ֮ҲֱȥܶԷ
ֻǣûʲô̵ķƣȴǲ˽Щ
¡
ͻأģһ޴ըңԶĵطƺΪ֮һռУϣ
ľ䣬ʱ˷˵ע⣬ǶңңĹۿԶĶ̬
ͬʱֹǣأɱԶ޵ǿ߶ڹš
һƬƽԭƽԭľͷһƵɽ⴦ɽ֮ǰȴһʯţʱʯǰȴӰǲϵڹʯţӶ˶
ʸ˫
ͫķƣʱǽӰеһ˳ͫײɵһչ
ȻǵòǺԱĲȴǾԲӦԭΪʸ˫㲻ҲشŶԣǴʱȴǻĳǰ
Ȼš
죬ǸǳһɬĻȡ
ĵʱڶʲô飬ŻƵöԷѡԱ


1751 
ʸ˫ĳԹڶѾ£ټΣԾǲˣңܻʸ˫ıӵļ
ϾһܹѡԱˣʲôģ
õķƺͷʹ
˵ǲǻʸ˫Ķ֣ʵڻʸ˫֮ϣΣ֮ɱˣܹŹԼ
ֻǵʱֹǻԼ֣֮ǣ壡
ͷ֮һ𣿡Ȼֻǲ룬ȴǾãֿԼ
Ͼʸ˫ȻǻʸҵˣȴܹŻʸҵߣ˵ûʸȻҲΪɵ
ܹԶҶɵ䣬Ҳͷѣ
ʱҲɵϡ
ͬģҲǹ֣ףһ𶥼߱ܵ˿ֲıѡǸ
һܹ𣿣
Ƕ붥֮ĳͻ󣬶ǻѡ֮Ǹ飬
ɼҲԲ򵥣
뵽γ֮¼ܹ˳񱦣ѵͷģ
϶ܣ
ȴû˼ǰԵЩ졣
ڣ΢һ룬бǲɵһ
ֻ²ûҲû֪ˣ
ʸ˫һˣΰӡⶼǼǿϣңһλ⼶ƴʦ
˼ǰ֮󣬷ѾǴܹаٷ֮ʮİȷˡ
ʱȻķ֣ԭǼΪصͷȴǶһЩңĿǰֻѾվһͷĶˡ
һʱȷ
Ǹϲݵģ
ƶݺݵţǷϳ⣬٣Ĺϵǿԣ˵ܹеõһİҲ˵
ڣ˵ˣ첻Լ鷳Ѿллˡ
ٺ٣һѾҵˣ
ԶĻΰȴһЦЦļΪС˰ϧˡ
Ȼֻ֪ʸ˫뵽ȴѡ񲻼ɱԶޣûȥѰڣ֪˻ҳ
ߣ
쵭һ֣˱ǻһ⣬ٵĳǴƽԭľڵشӶȥ
ΰȻҲҵԼУ˲ӳס
ڴʱƬУˣҲǳƽԭڷУȻΪ⶯ȴѡԶ߼ɱԶޡ
Ȼûа벽۵ı¾õ񱦣Ҳòȥ
Ҳֵ˵벽۾ǶôԿ룬ĶУҲֻ˽־ѡ
ңʥص򵽵ġܹ룬ʹȻ˽塣

ƽԭڣƣһƺѾԣʸ˫ǺÿһεĹõⷽ綼ڲ
ȻǹⷽĹؼڡ
ڷƵ˸ϵʱѾһ˱ǸʱƲǷ֣һƬһƬǽ壬ƺ߸˹һϣطһѪԵЩĿġ
Ȼʵ׵Զ޿أѾʸ˫Ǻ߸ˡ
ʸҲְɣ
ǵһϵˣѯʵ˵ţģҲǳ⡣
ʸ˫ûлͷǺ߸Ǹֱ߰ǵĴڣõǵɫʱ
ķƣȴϳˣһʥصǿߡ
ӵ˾ͽ컪λһǧİ벽ۣӵжԿκԣҲǶ˵ҲǶ
͡
һΧĵ֮ΰֱЦϺͿˣ󷨶𣿡
ǴϷʵĻȣĿֱںߵıӰϡ
ʱ֮ⷬǺɫһͣϸɨһΧĵ֮󣬶ʱɫǸӲÿˡ
ҲǼͷҪʯų񱦣ȴûϸĹ۲Χĵƣôһŷ֣ﾹȻγһΪһĹ
ٺ١ôȥҵĽ죬Ҳ򲻿ʯš
ΰһ⣬ƺĺ߳Աܿ⡣
ͬʱʥصȺҲͣ˶ʸ˫ҲתĿ⣬ֱ˷ϣűɱ⡣


1752 ȭȭ
˿̵Ļʸ˫ģԭ͵ʣȥһ˪Ůһʱη
ʸ˫ߣֱӾͷ˷ϣɱ⣬ڸǣֱ¶˳
ɼԷѾǺ޼
һΣΪɸˡڶΣΪ췣ˣ
ڷУܵ˲̶ͬȵ£رһΣʧȥףǱƵ˾ĵز޷еŭ
ɱ⣬иϵˣǿķǳʱЩбЩֻ
ڷƣ˵ʵڵģǲûκκøС˵ƲǸõСӶѣϾһֱûдڵơֻƵȴǼΪʣҪȡ֮
ڣʸ˫Ȼϲֵɽۻܾˣ˵õĽ֡
һɱ㣡ʸ˫³䳹ǵĻΧ¶ȶ֮½ࡣ
ֹһ˶ô˵
΢΢һ䣬¶һĨǳǳĻȣ˫ֶָϵöɫĽָõĻʸ˫ǲźۼĳ˳飬üĿٴαࡣ
һεвֻлʸ˫֪
Ľ˽ܵĶóȫշɱȻϢһһ۱ʡ
ϣģͬʱüͷ
Ϊܵ˷ƵٶȣС֪һμʱԼǲһĶ֡
㵱Ȼ
ʱһӺ󷽴˵Ŀ˹ȥ
΢ЩҲһһΣյĻȡ
ʥӣ
ڷƻعͷ֮󣬱ǿһϤĵˡ
ûǣڶǷ飬ټ֮¼˫֮ĳԹѾ˲ݡ
ʥصˣʲôʱģɻૣһƬȡ
֮ǰ뵽عʱ򣬿û˼ʥصˣУ϶Ҳαװҡڵĳ
ѵ
Ƥһ뵽һֿԡ
˵ģʥصҪ뵽潭һؾ;Թˣǣǵܹ뽭忹⣡
벽ۣ
һⶸȻɫ
һλ벽۾вڣҲʳѰ
ȥ
һĨ
ʥӣ󻹸ʥصԪϣ綼ʥ۷ϣһ˵ϢΪֲֻѾﵽ˾Ž׵ĵز
˿̣ķʸ˫ΪУʥӵǣǹһĨĻȣڿʸ˫ʱڣһĨȵӵȴصĺܺá
ʵû׷ʸ˫ֻǣһֱѡʱʥȴǾãһֺûʸ˫ľѻᡣ
ţʥӵĿٴοƣڴһĨʱͱЩʢˣм̱˵СҪС֪֮Ϊ˸¼ҹɽ޵ˣҸ㣬㲻Ǿ֮ܶѣڳλһˣ׵շ㣡
ûΪйƳֶ⣬츳ֵһᡣ
𣿡
ƷƽĿһƬĮûκεУڿһһ
һǱڰĶߣ츳һİʥ֮ϣȻҲϴδôĻܹȰʥλá
Ǳô꣬ڽ죬ٴðͷңҲǵõΪ˵
;ԣʥӻҪȷƻҪǿһߣǾãƲܻԼĶ֣ʱ˿̣ǰҪһơ
һֻˣԶҲɲǿߵģƿţʥҲоЩڣǿӲ˵ţɫЩ΢
Ȼϴھ³˴޷ԴʱҲСĽ
Ըɫõ𣿡
һ䣬ҳһϢֱȥõɵٴɫһ䡣
ԼԹˣ
˵ĵƣʥһĨŭһ壬һĨԵƣһһ㣬ȭͷһֱ֮ӾͳŷƵؿں
ƣûҪܵ˼෴ģڰʥǰ֮Ȼȭȭͷֱײڰʥӵȭͷϡ
飡
һƵľһӰڶȻĿ£ڿлһĻߣص˼ʮ׿⡣


1753 ûг
׷ɳȥģȻǰʥӣȻԹ۵ЩǿҲ¶㵵ɫ
Ͼǿʥӵ츳뾳磬ڷ֮ϣûɻܸȷС䡣
ǣһУңǰʥ£һȭʥӾˣܵļΪңԶʱ򣬿иѹֲסһѪֻԺȭͷҲһƬѪģɭɭ׹Ƕ¶˳
һʱڣʥڵϣȻûڵɫǻҡ
ţԼһԼһֱУңֳϡ
ԭʥҪƷƣƳ֣ȻǰݺݵһԼơ
ǣȴûϵԼļƻĶԷƵļƻȴõԼ澡ʧȫ˷ơ
־棬õѪʱٴһڳѪ
һȣȴԵĵݵĶ࣬һƵֻһ׵ĺۼѡ
ˣ¶ţ
õͲסһƵĿʱͱˣеľȣе𾪣Ҳеġǡ
Ͼھ绹ڰʥӵ£ܹ׵Ļʤ֤츳ڰʥ֮ϣ
֮ˣպĳɾͱضֻҪԵˣպ󣬿϶ϣǰ벽
Ҳʱķƣûһǿĺ̨ǣ¶츳ʵпܣܹԼĺ˴һǿĺ̨
󵰸⣬ѾڹϷˣЩڶڵԪϣȻԼϷ֣رһǿˡ
һʱڣǵ̬죬м˸¶ɱ⡣
ʸߵľ˵õİ취ûгɳ֮ǰɱҡУȻ
ֻǵĿ⿴ûʲô죬һĨĪЦΰ֮ЩС˼ʱ΢
𶥼ֻģ˽⣬ǣΪͬΪԪϼ֪Ȼࡣ
һ¾ǵһ֮󣬶Էӵа벽۵ĺ̨ҪǶһǸֱǲܵ顣
ɼǸĶʱܵ˶ѹȡԣõû˸ȥ졣
Щһˣǲ˽һǻڵȽϹϣۺѡȻʱΪվһȴòҪǵ뷨Ȼпܻ벻Ĵ鷳
ʸ˫ϣɫһδ䣬ƺؼѾκܹ飬ûа㾪ȡ
ңҲΪʸ˫ʱûжԷƳֵ˼õ˺ǲ⡣
ʸ˫ڵɱⲢ٣˵϶ʲô飬˼ɣԲûг֡
룬õ˵಻ɵ˼֣𽥵ģԭȵһЩ뷨ֱӸѩˡ

ĻҪ
ٴѪİʥӣƵĿڣвûа⣬һ΢һ
쵰
ԭҵİʥӣ仰֮󣬶Ȼ䣬һŭ嶥õ𣬴һɱ⣬ŭŷƣϵƣǱӿǾİΧϵ쳹һͳΧĿռΪ֮һۿɼ汻һһ㣬׷ɡ
䡭
һֱӾͳУһͷޣĿ䣬ǶڣһŴ죬˿һۣҲ񶼱ɵĴ
ٴαʥӸ˳ԣѾǰڳҪƴļơ
㻹ûг
ˣȴ΢ҡҡͷƺ԰ʥӵıֺΪʧһûн֮
ɱ
˵Լõİʥ˫ʱһƬ޾ܷӿ뵽񶦵Уʱһͷߴʮ׵ľ޴ޱǺնĿɲͭ壬һӵ߳ӿ糱Ϣȫõ˵ɫɵһ䡣
񶦿ǻʵԶȻʱİʥӼڵǴʱɢϢȴ˲СѾﵽʥ۷Ž׵ĳ̶ȣ
ٿƣڷ籩ģȴֿտգƺѾˣƺԼıõ˶ɵһ˴ΣȴûٸСƣңҪ֪ƾӦԡ
𣡡
ڰʥӵļ£۳Ĵ޴޾ѹŷϮƺҪֱշ顣


1754 ɱʥ
޴ޣƺܹգĲ޴֮ǰ㣬صĳŷƵͷ¡
ֱʱƲٶԭڵӣģȻһƬɵɫһһͬʱ˫һӡһɳɽ纣ĴƣȻ䣬˫֮Ӷ
ӡ
۴ӷƿ³һһֻɭɫ绡Ļɫӡʱ۳ͣ󣬴һֱӱײĴޡ
䡭
㣬ֱӱײĴӡ棬ʱǷһƵıѹһУؼһƬײ֮䣬Ǳһҫ۵ǿ⣬޷ֱӣҵľ籬ϯʱΧϱѿһɲѷ죬ȥʮ֮
ЩԹߣѡ˱ãж۳ϣžϮܹӵģûмˡ
̼䣬˵ͫٴһӿһĨ˼𺳣Щģǲɵһ
ǿĿֻ޴ӡײ䣬ͷ޵ǰ㾹Ȼֱӱֻӡ䱬Ȼûֱӱѣȴȥ١
Զ񶦵İʥӣǸǴһĨѪɫ԰ף죬ǴΣ֮һڴž֣ŷƵĿгž̿֡
仯̫ˣǵãʱķһȻҪһߣ⼸ʮܹŰʱķƣȴû뵽֮ʱͬҲڽʱƸѾߵһҪĳ̶ϣ
ͽֱǿһңĿǰռһϷ磬˿ɣֻҪںһӡ޾Իᱻ顣
ֽõİʥЩܲˣҵҡͷڣǻңдܣʧء
ĽԳ֣һ̣һӡ׵ĺ顣
˦˦Щ۵ƣţĳŰʥ۽
ȻѾɱģߵĵˣɳȥȻΪһ
ͣ£
ʥصԪϺǰеĵ·ϣӣҪֹǰС
ৣ
ƺԤϵһƽһ֣ͣͬʱ۳һֻŵ绡ľ޴ɫӡֱӱǳ˵ȥ
ûȥעβƣ䣬˻ûİʥǰ
ˣ
ĻڰʥӶعʱǰɣȴѾȥУһĻһģĲӰ
Ѹٵջڰʥλõƣ˲ʧԭأȴһ
ʥӣ
ʥصԪϴĲҺæֽסڻµİʥӵ壬ϵɫΪ֡
౻ֱ飬ѾɵĴڣҲ޷ٽ֮Ȼˡ
һ֮ӣô׵ǰõԹ۵ɫЩãȻ
˵ʥ統Уû䣬߱ɱĿܣ󣬶Ϊһûй⡣
Ǵʱȴ˸ڶ֮ӵⲻɵõһ󵨺ƵĿǲͬˡ
˺޹˼ɵɱˣõǣɵ¶ɵɫ
շɱһλĽӰˣҪܸıģԣǸҲû˭ڶʥӼﶯ֡
˵һΪʥӣϾͿԴˡʥӣ͵ͬƸȨǲЩҵķӦԺ޷㣡
ͬʱصĸߵϣԭһĨǳǳĵ⻡ȵİʥͻأģɫһ䣬ּ䣬һö貵лΪм
ʱһɫֱһɲϢ֮ӶΧЩʥصԪ϶ֱƷ˳ȥ
ʥ䣬ʱ˵ע⣬رѵ壬жЩۡ
ʥӱɱˣ
һʥصԪϲԵ
ʱΧһ˫˫ڣӿһƬɫЩˣڰи¶ֻɫ
ʥӱɱ˵Ǻ£֮˱ȥʥҪһʥӣɲǶʱܹ쵽ġ
˭ұضȫ壡
ʥŭһը죬ǧ
΢Ƴһۣϲû¶κεɫϵϢȴǸӵĳˣƺ׼Щʲô


1755 ƨ
ʥӵ˲СɧңǰʥҲûлɵƵͷϡ
ϾڰʥߣɻһԪϱӻѰˣûǸԣʱʥûжԽ巢ѡ
Ϣûд˭Ҳ֪Ĵ𰸣ֻѡȴ
ʱھ֮ǰʥصԪϾ֮󣬶ʱǻǻŭɱȻ
СӣҪѪծѪ
ӵʥ۷ŽʵĿĳŷȣͬʱһĪƴ϶Ȼڳ캧ˣǵأֱӱǳŷײ˹ȥҪ֮շڡ
ԾԾѹˣҪֱѹƣ
ͬʱԪҲ֣ͷľޣ˳֮󣬳ŷƽ
Ǳɱ֣֮ͬʱ֣Ҳ֤ǲСƵʵ
Ͼ͸ղһ֣ǿԿĳܹӳʥ۷Ž׵ʵǿɲûɣԼݽȥ
ڷƴӡʱ˳̼ȥͷޣһֱʧ١
̡
һȭǰľ˸俪֮󣬷ƲſǱߵľ棬ʱڵɫҲɵһ͡
ʥصλԪϣǰĵȥ󣬲ӲλһѪ֣߳ѪȾΧأѾ
䣬ƱǷ֣ΧЩˣǽĿⶼǷ泯ڵϣżɵ壬ҡ̬
ʵģڰʥصλԪ϶Էƶ֮ʣȴû뵽ѡͻȻǳ֡
Ͼͷˣһ
¾ЩԹߣҲ벻ͨΪλֱ֣൱ڽҲǣ뵽ʥӵıɱֵУ
ûܹµЩʲôѾΪ֣Ҳûд㽫ڣ֤°ʥصı
ΰʥǵ˲ǵ˰
װʲôҲûпԲľ
³һڵһĨӣԥǳȥ
лл
ʮ𣬺촽ƳһۣǽĿΰϣʵܴʯ𣿡
ܣ
ΰӵ˵ͷüͷһЩյ˵ֻҪʯţЩ鷳
ΰӵĽͣ˲˽⵽⴦Ե۶ɵĴ󾿾жôĿֲˣҲǻʸ˫Ǻ߾ú䲻ԭ
򵥵˵ǣʯڵ磬ʵһ״Դ󹹽ɵģԣҲ˵Ҫʯţͱݻ硭
õ˶һȻˡ
ʯһǻ磬ﻹ
ʣ϶ܴڣ
ԣ˵ĿǼΰϡ
ȻǴǾӦнİ취
ݻ統ȻܣǣҪʯţǾҪҵ統еľŴۣҼֱݻٲſԡ
ʸ˫һͬǰĺ߿ڣͳ˵ţڣһĨ
ٺ١Ҳ˵鷳ΪŴ۶صģܹĵȻҲûа취׼ȷָڵλá
ΰӳһЦɼ磬˵š
仰õüͷһ
жȻܲһ򣬵ǣҲԲСҪĵɲǶʱܹ顣
ôͷֹɣҪôָۣҪôȥΡ
ΰӲĽĿĸ֮˵ϣԾҪץ
õǵɫɵһʱȷҲûиõѡ񡣱Ͼ˭ƶ֪أ
Ȼ㲻ϣʱҲòɢȥ
һᣬֻʣ˻ʸ˫Ǹߣƣ죬ΰˡ
˫֮ղǢһΣҲûеϷʸ˫ټϻʸ˫ڸԼԷƵĵ⣬ԣʱ˫֮ԵЩš
ʱǾȻһˣϡ
ǺߣĻдһĨ뼥ЦĿⲻڷɨһĨм
Ƿŷ¶ʵǲУƺǲмһˣߣǴǿһֻһ
ٺ٣ϹͷܵĻǺ˭һ𣬹ƨ°Ҫ죡ΰֱӺ˻ȥУƺάơ
˲ĻرǸϹ֣ۡõĺɫֱȥ


1756 ŭ
ƾվһԣû˵ϵɫҲûΪߵĻı䣬ƽˡ
û뵽⿴ƺƵߣĵȣȴ֮ͣͲǸһʦ
ںߵĿУƺԼһˣΰӡ⣬УһĴڣԣڼЦΪΰӣǣȴΪ֮ǰ⣬ΰ˻ȥ
Ϊһƴʦһ󱲳ЦЩܲˣȴҲ޷ʱһЩ죬ŭΰӣƺҪ֮ж˿һ
ҵĳѵûиӦôر𣿡Щҧгݵ˵ţŭŨ
ҲҪԷǲˡ
ΰһЦЦĺܿģ˿ηԣңƾʲôҪȥһļһ
㣡
߱仰ֱһ˫ȭͷյĿ֨죬һɿֲۣĪƣ˳㳯ΰϮȥ
Ȼ˼ɣֱӶΰӶ֡
ͷȰ㻹ϵļưɣСүҲһסΰδ̤һЦĿǵıģԡ
֮ʱʸ˫ϣǱһɼΪֲϢֱӾ˼˵ע⡣
¡¡¡
ҫ۵ʹƣһȦȦʵʰ㵴ɢһεƣһλ·Ůǿ󣬻ӳһļµϢ˲ֱӡ
䡭
ʸ˫ûκɵһӣһʵĲʴֱӱǳŷƵؿϮɱȻ˿顣
ӡ
ƺҲԤϵˣϲûмҵɫ˫һɫӨ⣬ּ䣬һӡֱӱĳʴ
䣡
ʴ˿ͣ͵ֱӾ˦ɵĴӡ֮ϣʱ˫ײıǱһɵͳǻɫĴӡϾȻΪһѿһѺۣ󣬺Ȼըһɾ޴ľ磬ֱӾͽƷ˳ȥڶʮ׿⣬ĵĵ󲽣²ȳһӲͣϣҲһĨ԰ס
ʸ˫ŵĻҪǿĶֹ࣬ľԼӳܣͬԼ
ڲ֪Ϊ췣»ʸ˫Եס״̬еԼĺˡ˵û췣ٵĻôµǸ϶ǷԼ
ʸ˫ͻȻ֣õĺҲһȻΰӵơ
Իʸ˫Щ˽ģֹ츳ߣ̬Ҳܳȣ꣬Ǵʱȴһһ
ѵоɳ𣿡
ߺΪȣͬ˵Уǵ˻ʸ˫ûмܹġ
Ƿƣϣֹң졢ΰӽύ´
Ȼûˡ
ƳһֻǱըನѣ߲ɵһ
ʸ˫ʲôʣһͬһ֮£ܹĴڣ仹ûм
ƣСӣȻ֮൱
Ͼʱʸ˫ھϣռ˺ܴƣ˵ƵʣҲûȻʸ˫١
ΰӱҪ֣Ƴһ죬ûжֵ˼֮󣬲ѡվһԣۿ
ϾڵķҲǺܳԿȻŴαˣȴҲӦ
䡭
ʸ˫ĹԽԽң˫ӣʴϵĻһֲӰƵķЩǱ㱻мΡ
һ棬ڶ棬ʸ˫ȷǴкܴĲ࣬ҲûʩչԼƵԭ
췣صĻ־ɵ飬ɾ൱ڰ췣뽵ǰ벽ҲҪɫһʹаٷ֮ʮİܹʤ
ֻǣԼĵֳʹóѡ
ЩһߣǶԼ֣Կɼʸ˫ԷƵĳжˡ
̡
һ죬һεı˳ȥЩͷըˣʵļȫ¶˳һɱըԵС
ģ׻ûꣿ
ӶĳԿҲǻһԹڣʱͳ˱壬һͷ˶ɵһ
ˣȻȻռ˻ʸ˫һЩˣǻûһ
οҲԸǻʸ˫Լ鷳Լѵ־ܣ


1757 ʱӭ
Իʸ˫ҲûжٺøУŮģ˳Ư˵㣬츳һ㣬涼Ǻ޿ȡ֮
ΪǣߣƺؾҪΧתһ
ӵһμ棬ƾͿĳԣǻʸ˫ӵϵòȴ˿ҲΪ֮ġ
ˣ̫˽ˣңνǼΪ̣ԽߣԽۺˣǻӵĽָ߸ϵ͹Ե쾡¡
ˣѣΪΪģκ˳ԽԼΪˣЩԲֶΡ
ԣڴ˽֮ʮһ֮Ǳһˣ޷ǾҪ֮ܣ֤Լǿ
ʸ˫һ
ȻҲֳˡ
Ͼһζ飬ܶ˶ͲסįֻҪܹһɼɡ
ʱʸ˫ȴһֱԼܺߣֱ׳Լչƾʲôʣʵֻһ棬Ҫǣӵһǿĺ̨
÷βŭ
䡭
ڷڸһɭɫĵ绡ʱͻأĳֱ֣ӽض˻ʸ˫貲ʴڷǰ
ȻǣжѾԼ̬ȡ
Ȼһֱڹע˫֮Ķֱ̬ƴ㱩¶ˣѡ֣ԾҪڸסżΪҪĵơ
ʱбһůԭ⣬Ҳƽ
ʸ˫֮󣬾϶ʱ¶һĨ˪һ˫Ҳ֮ɫöɫ飬ǣȴΣա
ȻվǰȴΡȻ̶һ۶˵ֱɵĿֲ
ȻϵƲû¶ǣȴ˾Ļʸ˫൱ĸо
죬ڻʸ˫֮Ů
˶ģǺüͷҲ΢΢ƺҲ˽˫֮Ҫƴܾ˵Ľ֣Ǳ˱ˣ
Ļʸ˫˫ĮĲɫӣ죬ȴû˵
ϾԻʸ˫ݣҪʲôֲԼȥ˵ҲΪֻΰƣȴûԭ
֪֮ҪȻӵв׵Ҳһá
ȷҪ֣ʸ˫䣬ֵʹβ㵴ɢĴơ
ûǰǻĬԶԣڵλãǱ
ԭҲһֻ֪Ůû֮ˡ
Ĭãʸ˫ͶƣеĻŨŨıģҪΪҾκβ㣬һμ棬Ҷȡ
ʱӭ
Ϊĳ֣ãʸ˫һЦõĺǲźۼĳ˳飬ֱתͷȥ
ȷڷУûռʲôˣ෴ģÿζᱻһ١뵽Щ˵飬ϣһĨ̬죬Ǳ˱䡣
ȻֻһվߵǸߣȴǿһʱҲЩĿࡣ
ʸ˫ȻẦߣ
۾ƺΪԼۻһЩš
ȻΪĶʸ˫ʱǸΪˣƳһۣõһµվĿбӣûһ
ߵУȴǷ˲Сķˡ
ԼԼµʸ˫ֱ仯ԷƵĵ⣬ƺѰԹô򵥣ȻԻʸ˫ݣҪŪһˣǻ׾ٵ飿
һܹڻʸ˫ռ˵ˣв⽫Ƹ߿һ֡ϾڵУܹռʸ˫˵ˣûأ
ٺ٣İ
ڷ߽֮ΰЦĴһ·ؿڣĽ
ôܲĽ
׷ʸ˫ˣ治֪ж٣ǣ使۵ʻȴѾһժˡңʸ˫ҲһЩ飬Ǵȥǽ˵ļʣ
޷ֻ£ǴĻĿ϶ǷƣڵĿԼ
ϾЩһ飬Ҳһˡ
ڨڨһЦ͵͵Ƴһۣû֮󣬲Ƕΰʵΰ֣ܹ˳챦ʯ֮𣿡
˳
ΰӹŹֵһЦȻǾֱ˵Ϊؼܹ˳񱦣
ǡ
һĿ
Ƕܹ˳ôʯ֮󣬱ضһλoϴڣ
ΰָָʯţǳǳЦ˵š


1758 ʯ
ΰӵĻõķһҲ뵽˳񱦵ĻֿԻĴڣ
ϾԶʱŴˣӵ־磬棬пܻΪĪΪ
ֻǣ÷벻׵ǣΪ⴦żɢϼ⣬ȴܹ볤أ־ʲô֣
Ҳ뵽ˣܾ󲿷ֶҪ֪𰸣
Ͼ޾£ԶţĹʢڳȴûжٽչʱţ󲿷ֶʷĳӵС
ԣֻһͷҲ޼۵ģ
ô˻᳤𣿡
˼УΰЩʵ
ܹӵ˲࣬ѾҵĳΪ֮һ
飬˭˵׼΢΢һЦϣҲ϶
ţشȻܹبų棬ôһеԭģֻǣԭûб˷ֶѡ
ҲҳشԭôˣҲҲܹ棡
ֻǣ飬ԾͲڵľܹĵġڵĿ꣬ǾǴڵĽɾ͵λ
ݣԭ̤
ΰ죬ȴûзֻǣƵĿУһĨŹֵɫ
֪ΪΣȴǾãƺڿǳʵʵ⣬Ҫ
Щһ磬ǲȥɱͷԶôԭػûվӣ²Ķŷ
ҲУ
Ƴһ֮󣬷Ƶ˵ͷ
ǣ˱뿪ٴν뵽ɽѰԶ޵ټˣԭվԭصĻʸ˫һۣȻҲ뵽һɽС
ϾִѪԶ޿ǲɶõģ
һֱЩǰЩԪǲ½ص˾ǰһֱڹעߵķƵ˲ٵķء
ŵͼƴһȻĲǺϸǣŵĵȴǳˡ
⴦ϿȣŴҵȻǴƻͿˡ
ڻʸ˫Ǻ߷֮ΰȴѾѸٵָŴ۵λˣҳźߵһЦõĺɫֱӾȥ
ںҲƴϵĵͼ֮󣬲ûз飬˵ΰָĲûʲôء
һʱڣ˿ΰӵĿȵࡣ
ϾᣬԺ϶ȡͻƣԣպĳɾͿ϶ں֮ϣ
ΪΪӪ˭Ҳ˭ҲûҪԼӪʵɳȥʱ뽩ֵ״̬
֪ǻ
ΰֹһ䣬Ȼλȥôֻ·һţڶһȥ
ʵģ˱㶼ѡ˵ڶȻЩ̫⣬ЩвϰĴһ𣬲ʱҲû˻⻯
ΪѾ˵ͼָʾĿԵжȻǼΪٵģһʱŴ۵αǱƻ
ڷƽԭڵʱһ˸Զƴǰ壬ǰģûκʣǻʸ˫ǺߣƣΰӣˣȴǸ󣬴档
ܿ㣡
ΰӵԭԣҲ꣬󣬲
¡
һ쵱УϵʯڱǱ俪ˣʱһɹϵϢǴһݣ¶֡
ΪϢУǸܵһëȻΪǿǿһ޷ݵĵزоԼ֮£ϰĴڣжʱһĸо
ѵһλŵo
ǸϵķƸܵľǿ֮ڶʱӿһĨ벻˼顣
м٣ǿãǽǵȰ벽۾Ҳ޷֮⣡
ԣƺѾԽ˰벽ۣ
䣬ڹ߻뵽ʯŵ֮𾪵һĻǳǰ
ʯ֮󣬲ǺܿһСңڣڷܣ־ּǣЩܶû¶ٿ϶
Ȼʯм䣬һŹΰ׷ԲԵȴһɫʯϡ
ⲢһãһˣˣǹǿϢǴɢģУƺܹӰ쵽شƣΪֲ
ˣ
Ĵ˾һѸٵĳźȥڴ̡ͣ
ֹϵĵطлˣ˭ҲûԤϵ飡


1759 
ԶһЩлע߶̬ˣվһЩϣңңĹۿţ䣬ǱǿĴѸٵĺˣʱҲӿһɽȸС
ţʯھȻлˣ
ۼ˾ƬصвϵĻصţڿ־壬Ǽʲô˼һ
ѾȷΪһԶʱڵĶĸݵأֻǲ֪ΪΣȴį
įԭʲô⴦ԶʱڶڴڵˣΪܲȥ
һʱڣǴԶˣ֮ЩѸٵĳź䣬Ҿ
һλoô뵽ˣһҲܻ뿪
ʱ̫ԶˣѾû˼ǵoһʲôľ磬ΨһģǴۣ׵շɱн뵽⴦żˡ
˿̣кڣȻ֪г񱦣ôܻûֿأ
ƵĿ⣬ȴĶͷϵöɫӣ˸Ÿɫ
ǾȻ飡
Ѿö鲢ҽ֮ӵеķƣȻܹϳϤֻһۣǿȷǾɣ
Ȼбһͷܹ˳
Ȼһֱдԣ鵱а˳ܣǣȴûܹʵ޷鵱򵽳֮
Զʱھһ˵а𣬴Уռö飬ԣŴţƿܹ˳ط
ţȻǴţǣȴһĸݵģ
ʱԵģʯڵߣΪڣԣű
ȻƺûкѾȴһ˵Ϣӳ
ȻҲ鱣סĲֹ壬ңӦûţ
֪ΪΣ׷ԲԵ֮󣬷ƾȻ뵽ڰ½ڤǸصİŮӡ
ƣ
ͬ鳶˹ϵңǴңԶʱŴ
ǸʱڵˣĻţǻƴʱҲƽˣ캧ˡ
ģӣƵĿ϶У
飬ؼص񱦣ܹ漣ҲԶʱڣܶʲ˵õ֮һķҲ˵ء
o𣿣
ģ𶯣ڲ
λ׷ԲԵһλŵoôʲôı仯
˿̣ʸ˫֮ŮҲԭأʯҰ벽ϵգԵЩ졣
û˸ҽȥǣλ׷ԲԵȴҲû۾߳ͽЩߡ
ֵֽľ浱Уģһ紵ʯҵУʱ˴㵵һĻǷˡ
ৡ
һܣϵЩᣬּǣطһ΢֮£ȻĻһĭֱӷ飬Ϊҽ΢£һ
һ磬ֱõԭȥΪӵʯڶʱһƬտֻǰ׷ԲԵڵʯϣҡƲΧƮĭǸĺԶ£׷Χڣһ˿ҲûС
ҲΪˣ˲û𣬸õ˵һĴ˶ʱ˵ĸԶˣƣΰӣ죬ʸ˫ߣҲľʯһξ롣
ţ
Ļţıӻ£Զʱ޾£ʵʵĻʯ
ǴҪˣ
ңĿǰ⴦żһλ˴ԶʱŴϢƺҲס⴦żڵͳͳɱ
ѾȥʮӣʯڵˣȴûѵĺۼɱĿһʯ񣬳־˵֮⣬ûа
ѵ
뵽֮ǰڤŮӣһʱ뵽һֿܡ
飬ܹ˵ǣȴʱʧǣµпܻ
ʦʦ𡭡
ƼٵԺںŷϡ
ô
ƺŴӳ˯תѹ˽ڵ
ϾҪ£ܲܶڰ͵ɣ
ʦһԶʱˡЩĽĿǰŵ˵һ顣
û˵ڤŮӵЩƣҲЩͬĵطŮӲûۺƣƺˣȴ¶ЩΣհȥпܻᱻշ𡭡
ϸĹ۲֮󣬷ϲص˵š


1760 Կ
֮ǰ˶˵Ŀ⣬Ǽʯλ׷ԲԵϡ
ΣȴǼΪ˵ӣûо춯ص䣬ȴηҷ档
һʱȥˣλŵİ׷ԲԵûκεĶƺѾȥвˡ
ৡ
һ֮ˣһ֮ˣĸ򣬿ٵʯңֱȡ׷Բͷö顣
ˣ
һɫɵһ䣬ʱЩٵǰȥ
ڷƵʾ£ԭûҪȥΰ죬վԭûһԵĻʸ˫ǺߣƺҲûж˼Թۡ
ˣ
жǸ֮ˣۼѾƽ˰׷Բˣʱ¶ϲɫɵٴμӿһٶȡ
ء
뵽׷ԲΧ֮ڵʱֻһƵ˾ȻֱӱѪ䣬׾⣬԰׷ԲΪģ֮ڣһȾ

ҽˣΪ״ʱͣΣȴһ˰Ӵ˽ȥ˲䣬ǰΣֱӾͱѪֻһĲҽĳ鴤˼£ɵ
˻
õĺ˶ʱһһٵȥҲʯͣ
˷䣬ԶҲǿһʱɵȻ¶ֵɫ
ǱշΪɶͣˣʥ۷Ž׵ĴڣȻôûа㷴֮ıѪɼǹжôĿֲ
ԭ˶ǻɣ׷ԲԵȻڣǣѾٻвֻǣ˭Ҳûϵȴɴڣǿֲޱߣʥܹ֮⣡
ôܣѾϾƾΪδڣ˶벻㣬ͷˮ
ϸĵˣǿԹ۲쵽ƵķΧƺֻ׷ΧڣҲ˵ֻҪӽ׷ΧǾͲκΣա
ҲΪʯЩĻҽԣʸ˫֪㣬ԲûðȻǰ
ȻЩ̰ĵļһڱǺڵѪˣЩûײȥҲòȥһҲѣ
̫ǿˡ
ۿһλʥ۷Ž׵ǿԼǰ׵շ飬ҲЩȣһƬȻ
ֻ£벽۴뵽ǸҲһᱻշ𡣡ҲЩ˵ţ˸Īɫ
źԼûǿȺҪġ
ʦôȡ飿ĿƷڰ׷ԲͷϵɫϣüͷɵһЩյʵ
˵벽۾ǿҲᱻշôȡ飿

Ҳ˳ĬУȻҲûңʱֻҲ顣
˵ڵķģѾʵˣǼʶ档
ǣܹ
ԥãڤŮӵϸôһ𰸡

ǲĳ˳飬ƺ뵽ʲôֲһ
ˣ˭ֹܹ
һˣ
Ȼпܲ𣬵ǣܹ飬ѹһˣ£
𣬶̤һѪ·ǰУͬǿ߲ڽ£ŵ֮λ
ǵ۾ˣӻĹʱڹ󣬾ûܵ־磬ƺѱ䣬κ˶޷ԽǵԨ
ÿһ⣬ǣܹ߳һû߹ĵ·ؼĽŻ˴
ƺڻĹʱڣҲΪ˽˵۾Ŵһʢ
ؼĽδ򿪣Ҳֵ۾ĴڣǴڣ۾ΪԻܵѹơ

˼ƹҡҡͷ
λ׷Բ˵ѣҲһЩ޷Ԥϵ飬ΪҪõһöȥðա
Ͼöǣȴһֱ֪ãõķƾãǼߵĴڣпޣ
Ȼμöӻ˵𣬲֪ΪΣܾã鵱п϶һ޴ܣ
飬ӿٵʹڣƺ統УһĴڣпܣ飬Ǵ򿪳Կף
û˶֣һȺΧһֻһ޴֡
ѵҲûа취𣿡
˼֮󣬷ƵĿƳʸ˫΢΢
ֱʱǶûѡ֣Ҳû룬÷ĥ͸ǵĴ㡣


1761 ݰ
˿ֹ̣ǷƣˣĿⶼʸ˫ϣƺڴΪ
û취ǰ׷Բ˵˶޲ˣ
Ѿߵһ񱦾Լǰȴ޷õָоõƵѪĳ嶯
飡
ûӵйǣһЩż֮ϣȴ״ֻǣӵ;ȴǼصĺģûһ϶Ĵ𰸣
ǣ¼Ժ󣬿϶һء
ܹ١
Զʱˣȴܹ岻ʱԿɼ֮Ѿһ˿Ժӵĵز
Ҳ֮ǰǴϢҲжǰǣԺÿһδϢԻһҵȷѪ꣡
ƣӦò۾ΰ۾ڰ׷Բ˵ɨã૳
⻰˵ĲһֱŶˣȴĺԭѾǣڶʱӿһĨϣĹâ
ԶǺȻû˵ǣȴҲûзƺҲĬ仰
ԻĹʱҲûгֹ۾ĴڣǰûУڸûУܹƽ
ȻԵģ䲢û㣡
ԣеĹżأΰߣȷ㡣
꣡ꡭ
ʱϱ쳹һһööӨ壬Ƽ仯Ϊĩ
ͬʱظߵϵλ벽ۣʱ۾˿ԥһ·ߣٵĽ뵽С
󣬽ʥҲ۾ԥȺȥ
ɻûжֵģֻʸ˫һͬǰǸȥΪƽˣǰ۾ƺ˯Ũûнڵ˼ֻǣĿȴĳĳһƳš
ৡ
һƿ֮壬ʥ֮λ벽ۣǳھ֮ǰ
˭ɱҰʥ֮ˣ
δȵʥǴżŭըװ쳹ⷽؼ쳹ϢһɱϢ˲䣬ѹõⷽеޣһֻš
ûмµ۾Ĵڣ벽۾ǼޣϵĴڣ벽һŭضҪΪ֮ҡ
һ˲䣬ʥ뽭ͬʱ
һɨۼ䣬ʥٴһĨȻΪŷ֣뵽ԪϣǵڲԶѾʱ
ʱ־ŭĿһɨ󣬷˷ϡ
Ȼʥ֮ǰһֱǷģǣ˿̣ΧĸˣȻû˵ǣǵĿ⣬ȴڷɨš
ѾǺΪˣ
ʱ³ɺޣһӿͷõİʥЩ죬޾ɱֱӱǳŷշȥȴǱ
壬ѵΪܹס𣿣ʥɫȳϵٴвշɱͲݵͷ
ɱģ
Ҫ֮ʣһ嵭õΪ֮һͣĿ⿴һӰ
죡
Ȼһװǣȴɽ͹˳Բ԰ףһҪǻ
㣡
ʥ΢΢һУЩΣյƵɨţƺЩ˵Ļ
ϾϣҲһпܲǱ¶ǰ򵥡
ãһʥ۷׵ˣܹշɱһŽڵ𣿳ǣǰʥ˸ǲݰ
ƺֱˣ԰ʥλ벽ۣɲ壬¶ɫ
һݰ
ʥģ˿ҲͲסеŭˣɫɱȻȻģҾȴĳȽѵһ
䡭
һˮ̶ȥһʯʱΧĿռǼǧˣҵľХžϯϵĴƣʱǳôѹշ˹
㣬䣡
ԣûҪ˼иǳŨŨļ
ݰҪѵ˭
ڽֵʱһϷʵͻأڳ쳹
ţ˱ǿһȽϰСӰֱӱǳڰʥǰһ״ʥǿҵƣȻӰ첻˿Ǽӿľ磬ֱɢ
û˿ôģƺһĺҵڣҲֻǿһģӰԶһգۼ䣬ǳ


1762 
ͻȻֵΰСߣʱ˵ע⣬Ϊ˽㡣
òͨұȽϰС֮ʥҪϺüͷС壬ƺֻҪһ֮ܽߡ
ȴΪĳʽû˸С
ûһߣǰ벽Ҳλܹ֮࣬׽εģûмˣ
٣ʥûп壬ԣСͷֱӳΪݰûйȥע⡣
亹Ķͷ˳£оֻεĴֽԼõЩˡ
ССͷû¶ʥǸܵһϢơ
ǿߣ
ƺ뵽ݣʥڸӿһĨֵɫʱԵЩ
ʱԵĻôҪԼ˵ȥǾ仰ջ
ٺ٣κͷԭ㰡
ΰСֱ˰ʥСͷߴкҲûа֮⣬һЦ
ٺ٣ٲ⼸ٽⲻͽˣСκͷҲ˿ûЩڣЦ٩š
Ҫ⼸ٽ⣬Ҳô׵顣
˾ȻֳϣĽ̸ʱĻһЩëȻЦǻ˼Ƥһء
ʱʥҲ˼֮ȻԼ˰벽޾磬ǣȴȹ̣κͷ뽭ֵĻôҪߣضҲش
һʱڣЩ˵ˡ
ৣ
ǽ̸䣬һ죬һƽӰĳڻʸ˫ԣһƬҶ£ûκ˵ע⡣
Ŀ⣬ֱӱǷʯڵǵ׷ԲԵӰʱԭž޲ڣһ
ȻҲǺܲƽ
κͷƺҲӦĵ۽ǵ΢΢һƳǱǹһĨ޵Ļȡֵ۾ǰ˸İʥкǳ˵ݰվѵҪ찡
ƺͰʥˣ᲻ֵȤõΧǶɵĺݺݵĳ˳顣
һλ벽۰ȴصУ겻ѡ
ɶ񰡣
ʥƺܵΧЩĿ⣬ʱǸоһģǱ˵һڣһѪ˿ΪѹڵŭЩ΢š
ǽлҲܵǰߣȻǲŽĩգʥصĶᱻΪƽأ
ৣ
ûйĿǣŲʵɫɨһʯǰ׷Բͷ֮󣬲ǻŭתȥվȴһ׵ӣĴѷӡ
һλ벽ۣȻô֮䣬ͱˣõԶ˶Ŀһξۼκͷϡ
κͷȴǲΪ⣬ҲǽĿʯڣ䣬ĿҲЩء
κͷңǸһλoɫΰϵЦ֮ɫҲһѯʵ
˵ʵڵģʶκͷ֮ǵһСͷ¶ɫɼʯڵˣʵ֮
š
ģκͷȻصĵ˵ͷȻѹˣǣһ޶һݣ
򣿣
˻һʱڳ˶ɵĵһ¶ޱ𺳵ɫмЩվȣȶӶڴ
ȻضǾ׵Ĵڣ
ʦʲô򣿡
ΨֻзһˣһãԺڶԷѯϢ
򣬹˼壬֮򣬴˵УֻoܹһǷУףǴۣҲֻб׵ķݣ
ѹе֮󣬻Ľ˵ţҲЩ
o飿
֪ǺεȵĴ֮󣬷Ҳɵĵһ
оȽףʥۣ𣬹
һֱoͬΪؼ£ΪλĴڣֽڷϵĽ˵£ڳ׵Ūˡ
ۣȷѾǽһش˼£ȻoȴشѭӶܹһԼ򣬿ԳԼ׵أ
oѭ֮ûܹԼ֮ǰҲܹ֮Ϊo
ǰʯڰ׷ԲԵˣԶʱڵһλoĴڣ
ʱ޾£ɴڣѹ˰벽۵ľϣƾܹݺ޵У


1763 ֮

ܹѹʱۣڳÿһжǱһʯѹţϢļ
Ʋ֪ΪǼ뵽ʯڵ˻ᱻֱշˡ
ⲢѰƣһ򣬴뵽ȥǼֱ졣
ңԼûðȻĴȥҲһöιȥҲᱻų⣬շ
ҵĹԹԣô죬ǶòˣΰͷĨϵĺˮǶڷ⵱еС۾һĨʡ
ۼҪˣȴòֹڳжǺơ
ǵδء
κͷ˵ţƳһۻʸ˫ǳƽһֹۣһ䣬ȻλǰڣѾֻҪƣͿõ飡
Ȼô˵ţȴûҪֵ˼˫һԹۿϷ
Ϊһ仰ȴõĴ˶ʱ˿
ҺãѾȻǽǺεȿֲĴڣпܣһȺ˶һ˵Ķ֡
֣ΪΣڤŮӵһأڷƵԺڣϴɻ
˵ڤصİŮӣʵӦҲoŶԣϾڤǰĴڣҲ൱ĺˣǴʥ룬ֱӶ·һ
ǣʱڷ뵽ڵʱŮȴûɢԣϲŵ顣
ȻԷϵΪ磬ƵĿ
ֻһλۣЩȷ˵ţȻЩ̫ܣҲΨһܹŮûɢԭ
ֻǣ֪ΪΣڴʱ뵽ʱ򣬷ԺڳֵľȻڤľ󣬶ʱɵһ㵡
ڤķΧ൱֮ǼмųǷΧС⴦żǻֻһ˵ǽǺεȵĿֲ
ʱƱǽʵʵ뷨׳⣬ҰοţۣӦһλۡ
Ǵ𣿡
ϵķһ䣬˵öᣬͲҪˣǵõҲ޾鷳
ΪΣһ
ЧҪõĳ嶯ΪָоضǴǸ뷨Կף
ѵ㻹𣿻ʸ˫ˣͷĴ
ЩɸֵѵţȾͺ˵ˣȵˣڼʥͣ߸ϣӳΪϣˣȴΪ˹ţԸϲ⣬ѵ㻹û˵𣿡
ţ塭
һ̣лȻʣʱֱ˻ʸ˫ݡ
ѹ֣ʸ˫һֱ¶һʥ࣬ţ߸Ů̬죬ŮȴŮװǰңƢŹ֣ԶΪЩ֮ΪУȴûκѣȫȺ˵Ը
ԭˡ
Ȼûж⣬Ū˻ʸ˫֮󣬷вЩء
ͷˣö飬治ȥȻ֣Ҳסͷı
Ȼģȴֵܹأֻǣȴһ
õ飡
ôһ˵һ£٣ܹһЩھθС
ְɣֻҪúôûô˵£ڿʼԸֵģǾͿ˳ˣȻɱͷˣ
κͷĿɨкǲ˵ţȫµκˡ
޷죬Ϊ֮˵磡
Ϊ仰õλ벽üͷûгֵĴ㡣
ʸ˫ݼѾˣٿǾϹˡ
¾׿κͷʸ˫ߵΪ˵ҲǲǵģԣνĹƽҲǲڵġ
Դʱľ棬Ҳ˿ȴòô
ɨһϵɫκͷ֪е뷨Ҳǵ顣
ʵõҲηͷı
Ƴһʯ˵֮һ֮κͷҡҡͷ
ƾʸ˫ߵʵԴݻѡĥȥҲǼ߼µ顣
ȴǲ˷˳ʱ䡣
ҿôŰɣ֮ҲٽˣǾο֮գСȥ˭һö͹˭κ˶ȥٴᣬǺȥΣ
κͷһתһõλ벽һĨϣ


1764 
ν֮գʵ񻰴˵ؼһλ̹Ź񿪱صĵ졣
ȻǷʵȴûܹ֪Ͼû˼̹Źƺس̹֮Ź¿ضʧˣƺҲûмҲдţŮ洹ƺһֱѰ̹Źټֻǣȴûн֮󣬱伣
ԣؼǷôһλΪ̹ŵĹһֱһԣϾ޷׷ݵټѰôܹ֤ʵأ
ֻ֮գȴǴԶʱڱǴҲµһĵһ졣
ÿĿ֮գۼһȻ󣬱СǵıԣŪͷʲôģ棬ȴ˴ţֳì
ʱ⻰κͷ˵ǺʵģΪİ벽ۣȻһԾŶҲ˵ԭһЩСıԣһȴǻǷ
Ϊͷһö飡
ǰҲڶΪ֮񣬵ȴһ˽֪öг֮ЧûܹӣǧʱŻμһο֮յͷһο϶Ҳ֣
κͷô˵ȻҲбصõģģ죬ţؼûܹѹ˴ڣ
һߣʸ˫ߵǳƽߣڸܵ˵ĿԼϵʱƳһʯλ׷ԲԵ֮󣬲嵭˵񱦣ֻһһ˲ʸУȻǱˣ
仰Ҳ˵ʮ㣬Ϊ֮⣬¶ţΨһ谭Ҳֻ˶ѣ
Ȼڳļλ벽Ҳһ㣬ǣлһ
ϾǸûȥԿͷǣҪֱӷȴû˻ġͷܹسŵҲǻһ˿ϣ
ǣĽ֮󣬶ǵ˵ͷӦ˳֡
󣬱ֻʣ½λ벽ۣκͷʯǰƣΰӣ죬лʸ˫ˣ˿˺ܳһξ룬ǳƽԭش
ÿǷң
·ϣͷŷͻأʵ

һӣڨڨһЦ֪λش
õ飬ҿԸһᣡ
ЩӵĿһۣ仰תͷȥ
᣿
ɻĿǺȴûнʲôĬãǳһġ
֪֮ߵһ𣬼ֱǲܵ飬ڣΨһľֲеǸΡ
һԵΰӣɫŹֵɨţſڣƺҪ˵ʲôڿǱ֮󣬻Ǳֻͣǣ͵͵ĳŷƱ˸Ĵָ
ԴˣΨпЦ
ҲɣܻὫɽȥǣôܹ壿
䡭
ƽԭǱ߱Ǵըһ׺Ϊģأ˿̶ڶҡţƺⷽѾǳܲסĳˡ
â貣ֹ⻪⣬Ϊҫۣ˸ǱߵĶ̬λ벽۵ӰҲûΡ
ƴʱվԵһϣڵӻıɫ棬ֱžڴķ籩ġ
Ŀλ벽۲ϵķʯŵɢǲ֮ϣʱԭεҲһۿɼ
ԿɼǵĹ֮񱩣Ȼܹ
Ȼʱֻǿʥ򡣵ǣҲǳܹġȻǰỹѾ£ȻԴ׵Ľλ벽۾շɱ
ˣƿ֮ʱҲڴƿһĪѹϯʱκͷڣһڰ벽۶ֱӱƷ˳ȥ
͡
ѪǿκͷֵزǿߣҲɫ԰ףǹŴĿĵѪ
ȻܵһĴˣȴҲû˭䣬ɼؼǲе۾Ȼһ˲䣬ͱֱշˡ
ܿģ˵ĿǷʯڡ
ƿʯϵƺͻأģ𺳵Ŀ£Ȼ۾
һ˫޼ʵڣǳɲǼ貵Ĺ⻪õ˵ĶԶЩˣѳֲסȥˤĻͷ
κͷҪ˿ʱڵɾȻɢȥ޹⣬󻺻ıպϡ
һйƽ֮˵ȻǰЩܾһһ磬һƬƬҳš


1765 κͷ
λʯڵˣǰһλǿߣȥʱ̣۾ƺǲᣬһ䣬š
û˻Щݡ
˾ǿߣıӻ£ջѲʱ𣬲ܳô˭
Ҳɣ鵱̲гܣǣ˭ܹ⿪鵱еأ
ľͷһ磬һգ˭˵ס
ԶʱڣǻĹʱڣʢʧĶͻȻЩɾ޵ôһڸʱ£û֪ǾǻţѾȥ
ֻǣܲܳǲϵţڴҿܡ
һ紵ʯڣϯһҳ磬ڳ֮ϣķ
ʯڣֻʣһöɫ黹ɫĹâ˿ƲڵܣԵļΪء
䣬˱Ǵ֮ǰ״ָ̬˹ٿöʱһ˫˫֮ڶǳ̰ɫ
񱦣
˿̣˶ģκͷǳƽ߾վʯſڣЩһӵˡ
ˣֹʵ֮ϣǵݣԼ޷ġ
ৣ
κͷһ֣öɫֱӳϣ֮תһȦ֮İҡͷԵ˵ͷ˵㻰Ŀ֮գұض֣˭ܹȺۣö˭ģ
仰õԶ˵ЩһڳȵĹâ
ʣκͷ仰ǸһĻᣬһʱڣ˶ĿΪĹۡ
Ȼ֮Ƣȷǹһ㣬һԾŶ˵ܹö飬ţκͷҲ̡
˱ǿʼⷽɱԶޣЩˣֱȥΪ֮׼
СӣΪܵõˣ
ڷתȥʱһϵֱԺõɫһ
ģ
Ʊ뵽һͬ֡
죡
ܶ飬濴ǰ򵥣Ȱ㻹Ǿ
κͷı䣬ûвκεУǣΰӴֵǸˡ
ǣ
üͷ΢һ
ûôĶо֮ңһ뵽һͷһơ
ΪһˣĿ鷢
ٺ٣˵ʵڵģͷҲ㣬Ȼܰĸ㶨СӣܲܺѾͷһͷûġ
ڷоʱһ٩Ļﴫǲ΢˳飬̧ͷȥκͷòͷһЦ
Ȼ졣
ƵǣȻ䣬һǳǳĻȡԺڶԷʵʦ𣬿֮ʲôʱ򣿡
а˸£ǰ졣
ϵĻֱõķԭĻȽ
Ȼͬһ죿
üͷ壬һ֡
˵ֻܹ˼һ
ǰǱߣߣԸᣬҪ
ȿȡ
ƺ֪ڵʲô˵ʵ֮յľۼ֮أǰųǣ
ųǣΪģԶ绹ûʱ򣬰Ϊԣռǿĵ̣ȻҲаôʥء
ڰųǵһ̳Ǽ֮أ˵УСɡŻϼʳ֣ԣļ֮أûиĹ
ڷϵϸ£Ʋ𽥵˽һЩأȻ񻰵̺أҲ˵ųǵƵҪԡ
ʦСɡ
Ȼ֪̫ܣƻ̲סʡ

ϳã˵ɣдţؼһλ֮ء
ϱһֱڸƽһЩ볣ʶһ⴦ż֮󣬷ƲǶ½һ˽⡣
֡
ż֮ΰӱǶɴڻ״̬ķƻ
ţ
һϵĶԻȻƳһģµ˵ҽзƣ
˿̵Ѿˣӵнλ벽ΪɽټʵԶҲɲη
Ŷ
ΰӴĿһۣٺ٣ô֣ǿ֮ռˣ
к֮κͷǴΰӣٵȥ
ϣ߰ɣ
ѾΪСڵӰ̾һ뽭ͬУŰųǷС


1766 
鱻֮νĳ֮򣬱ǲڣõڶϹŶΪ֮ʹ飬
ΪֻҪ֮ڣôǾͿԳϣһֱȥϧ룬ȴˡ
õǱŭõǷ񣬲ڴڵĳΪİ벽֮󣬶ʱһͰˮ£õֽű
ͷѾ˵꣬漣벻ɳԽĴڣκʱ򣬶ӵϵ
ȻһϢȴȼϣ
ڿ֮գһȡõһߣܹ顣
ʱ統бһֵȳһ֮ӣһ壬壬壬ʥ岢·ӿһʢľ
ûĸʱֹ˶֮ӣһԲͬһЩ֪ʷһǾ˵ķ֣ʱȻĹʢ֮ʱž˵֮
й
ڣϹҲпܣһʢˣⳤֱ֮һˣ
Щˣ뵽ڼʮǰڶǴ¼
ɸ
ɸɱҲδ֮ܽշԶʢֹڻĹʢ֮Ҳֹٴγ֣
ּ棬ҲҪıˣпһʢҲпܻһδϴ
ӿٵƺĳﲻﳤ棬ԽǸߵȵͻԽĴǻԵϴ
ԶʱڣʱУoۣǺεǿĴڣǣڶ̶̵һʱھȫ伣
һˣ
ûܹ϶һֱ˻ɣoۣǷȥһռ䣿
ȻȴûѶҲûܹҵǵ٣ǻĹټһʢҲûдⷽĴš
ҲգҲãؼ䣬޵۾Ĵڣһʵ
ԣҪһʢضҪһߣ
ȥһδ߹شأ
ҲԶҲûܹؼĽҲЩӽӵҲֻ꼻һ֣Ժ飬˭ܹ˵

ꡭ
ʣһǰ㣬磬˲Ǵӳǧ
Сģ
ͻأģǺڷǰһǣסһϮ
ȿȡ
ֱӱؿڣɫҲǺΪ԰ףſڿȳѪĿŴӴ߳Ӱ
ʥ
ԭѾȥİʥʱȴǳѾˡ
ϣû°ɣ
ƳڽߣƵסĺ󱳣ҩһȪֱ뵽ڣ޸ڵĴˡ
΢һǿ˷ʹɫٴȣװȽģһҧгݵĿŰʥ
벻ɣ
ˣʥƺܵ⣬κͷǰͷڹȣһһ
С˵־
ѵΪĲСӣ
ʥĿ˷ϣӿһɳ޵ɫƺ޲ýʬΡ
ʱĿ꣬ǷƣŲǽסôʥ۷ķƣпܻᱻֱը飡
ӽ벽۶ܵһĴ˱ܹĳһˡ
ô֪ģ
ƵĿƽĿһĨɱȻ
½İĲӵ԰ʥصĵ̣ݻ弸Ѵ֮
ڷϲǰĳʶУ°ʥΪǿᣬҲٲʥѧ
ڿʱҾ˹ż֮صһ
ʥ΢΢֮һ֮ʹõܣɫһģһ
򣬼ÿһ֮Ǵ磬ͻӦҲ
СӣΪΪ֮ɱ𣿡
ĳŷ۽֮ʱʥɭɭĻﻺ³
Ϊʲôԭ򣿡
ҲϵԵЩ壬ɫס
ٺ٣ڶõʲôΪصס𣿡
˵䣬ʥȻ𣬳ŷֱһɾ޴˫ּۡɸ
һɫȥ
ৣ
Ȼ˲ûȫ޸廹˿ԥĵڷǰ
壬ȻִǾԹˣ
ʥһĨ֮⣬ϸ۳һĴӡһɽֱӳŽ
˭ǻ˵أ
ӿһĨҫ۵ǿ⣬ȭͷϼһеֱײȥ
̣
һ޴ΧˮһţҵľľϯԲ֮вľɽʯԱ飬·ΪһأǽһƬ


1767 
㾹Ȼû£
˿δ˵Ľ壬ʥһĨ㵵ɫ䣬ƺ뵽ʲô˺ܿƽȥԭڸҲˣÿһ֮ҲΨһһʥҩӵߡ
ƣĿг̰ɫ
ɸܹõɸһжܹתܹͷҲ˵
ϾҲͷûа취շɱ֮һ
ߣ
һһƬ䣬ϣһɫСӡ
СѾˣҲЩģⶫǷܹӳЧ
Ǹ𣿡
ʥȻҲЩСʱֱ¶ĵɫҹƵûĻⶫҲӶѡ
Ȼϴη뽭ְʥ֮ϸĵ飬ұȰʥ˵˷ƵһЩܣ˵ɸĴڣ
ƵĵƣǵĺΪȻҲûеɱơ
ӣɱ㹻ˣ
ӿһĨɱ⣬Ѿ˺ɫС棬ƺֱӴ򿪡
ৣ
ʥʱǧףңңĿ
Ȼھ޵ʵǺΪɵģ
ڼķƲûֱӴ򿪣ǻһĨϷʵĻ֮󣬶ʱɫֱȥ
õ
ʥھɱ⣬һĪƶʱɢΧĿռǺһķţƺѾܲĴˣһԶİһ㣬Ծ£䡣
Ϊƾһܹס𣿣
ʥըװ쳹ŭ糱ϵĴ֣һֱӱ٣Ϊ֮ء
䡭
һɾǿְԵȻǱ֮ʱһɫֱȥΧӿĩյľѹֵϢ
ǹ죡
۴Ӱʥ³ʱƬصУһǹ۶ɣìͷȫָڡ
ȥɣ
ʥɫԵļΪһӣΧؼ۶ɵĳǹһ㣬һ˵ŷƼȥ
ˣɫֱȥ
ʥ˵ִģĹУ޷֤ܹסơ
Ҳû뵽ʥΪһλ벽ۣȻѡֶԸһʥ׵ˣǴʥضΪ˲ݣ
ʱȴҲɲ롣
ʨ
һãһ貵ΪУĹ룬һͷ޴ʨڿն𣬸ߴףǿҵϢ֮˶ԣʨ𴫳Բ֮ڵ޾ȥɪɪʾ
ʨһʱΧĳǹڽӽʮ׷ΧڱǱֱ飬죬ַ

״ʥһĨâһΧؼ۳Щǹ

³ʱЩӽʨΧĳǹȻֱԼѿʱˮһռ䶼ľŰϯʨõӻķΧٵС
˿̣ǱģΪֻضܹȻƱض꣡
ʱʥĹһ˳ǷһֱũҩҩԹڣҲǸе֧ɫ԰ףˮӶͷ£֧ӡֱ۸ǲϵĶţϣһѪ͹Զ
УͻΧУ
ѵĶŷ˵ĿĴɨš
ӣǻ¶ǣӵĻǾһӣ֮ͨҲһֱ֧ȥ
Ǿ
õķƵɫҲ˸
ףʵҲȰʥǿһߣǣȴԼˣԲֻܰľ棬Ϊ
쵰
ЩҧгݣĿڵС棬ð˺ˮ
СΪλʧûСôڵﻹܹӳ
ұ֤ʱҲֻһƴˣ
ûõģ֮һٴλȡ
ƺ˷ƵСʥǳţͬʱȻ䳯󻺻ȥ
ҿ
Ƹûȥɫâǣǻ㽫֣һ˫סСӣֱһơ
䡭
һɼΪֲϢʱǴСӵбӿһ̶ˣҡضƷɫ
ͬʱ½а
䡭
һصըͻȻ쳹ĺĲλƽɽ˿ͻȻıը


1768 
аж£û֪ƺԶʱڱһֱڣЩϱı֪һʼʹڵģ֮ʧǰòŴ
죬ԭֻǷǷƽһ죬֮ҲвڹͻأģǱǸоµĵڶţӵľҡ
ô£
ЩԵĺܾţСǳźȥһЩǾû᲻ǧһεĶ
֣ϴζƺûȥ꣬ȻٴγˣУЩ󵨵ͣ棬Сĵķ
¡¡¡
涶ĸΪˣһɽһɽʯ飬٣ؾɫĩһ㡣
ⲻܣϴδ󶯵Ҳû˾ҵĶ
˾һƬ֣Ǽʲô˼һӵԲˡ
û֪ΪΣԭķƽ˾תۼ˾ҵı仯벻׾ʲô顣
˾ⳡʲôħҪӵ³һЩ̱ڵأڸ¶ɫ֮ⶼûС
䡭
ͻأģƽһ죬ضڴ˿Ϊ֮𶯣аܹŵĵˣΧЩľɽʯƽˡ
һЩۼ˱ǿԿĺĲλصƽɽֱӾըѿ
۹ڳˡ
һΪҲĴЦ쳹ը죬쳹ؼ䣬ƺԼĻع顣
䣡
Χֱӱѿһͷڿն
ͷ룬ǣΪһֲŭơǿףΪӴбһεƱŷ˳ϯ˷Χؾѣڵռ֣ѾܲĴˡ
Ƭ˸ɭĽ󣬳˱ըԵУƺ㣬ǿ̤أͱ죬һֻԵӾ
Ӵϣһµ·һͼ˸Ө⣬ȥңһףһβƵӾ
䱳֮ϣһ˫ǻ˰ĳչΪǶһϣаеo
ôվյУ˫΢΢ȶΧĿռǴѿ޷£Զ˿ľ¶µľ֡
ǵۼʵ޷ݳǿҪݣôǡɣ
ǿͷ޾ܵģң˶ã˵ǲ಻ģ
˿̣޷Լ飬Ҳ޷ֻĿţЩ˱Ҳ֪
ˣˣڳˣ۸¸£ӵһˡ
૳쳹żĲֻûимˡ
Ҳû뵽ԼȻؼյһ죬رһ֮Եˣ
ԣСںΣأ
ͻأģ뵽Լԭ򣬾޲ͻȻ𣬺ĳԼų˴ʱĴǺ
꣬ǼһֱҪһëǼһأ
һŭͷޱǹʧڵռ䵱УûпһЩԶˡ
ģްް
䣬˷Ӧʱ򣬶ʱ˽¿ûñǴа½
½˭˲֪˭˲˾һ½ǿ߶ǸаҪһ
һƬ棬ΧΪһڲ׵ӣԨ㣬ʲôҲûʣ£ɵ㣡
ͬʱطҲиӦ
ɽ磬
ǰžģΪͻأģûаףһǿҵĹâϱ˳˹â֮ǿǷԲ֮ڶڣ
ǡ
̧ͷűŷ貹âܣڳһĨ𺳵ɫſͣȻ˵
˿̵ܣƺѾ˹һ߼ǵãڹżϼأʱܱһֱŷǿҵ⣬ԴԶʱʧܱ֮ȥֱգȻٴֹâ
ѵˣ
߼Ĳ૳ڶţڶʱžϲȡɫ
ˡ
˿̣Ҳ嶼ڼĻ쳹þòϢ


1769 ѵ
貣ˮĹâ鲼ǷԲ񼣰ı仯Ȼ˸ע⣬Ǿһʱڣ嶼ԡ֮¡
ԵУȪһң嶼ܹܵԼıԴһЩص˸Ǿȵķ֣ԵоǴһ޵š
񼣣֮Ϊ񼣣
벻ֱ仯һЩһǼӯȫǹڵأߺ
ǵȴûг֡
ͬʱ칬ڣһƮķͷϣһλ԰׵һʯ֮ϣɫƽһɣӻǣϵޣƺ׷ѰЩʲô֤Щʲô
ͻأģûģ˵ڱӿһǳ֮⣬ޱȣǳҫۡ

ãڵǳȥ૳
ǧͬһռ䣬ܹ쵽һЩµķ
ô֮Ѿλˡ
˵ڳŲɣǣƺ鶼ƿԤϵУ΢΢һĨǳǳĻȣ벻СһﾹȻܹڰ֮ƿ֮壬һкܴı仯ܹı״𡭡
ƺ뵽ʲô˵üͷ΢΢췣ֻأʢĩա
ܶ飬ܹԤƵܹǣȴǺܴģһССı䶯ǻ츲صĸı䡣
ԣһ̣ˣҲκνۡ
Ƭ̣˵ǻָƽž޲Ȼɨţ̼䣬һƬƣǳǶʱ˵һе૳ѵ

ģĴˣ
ķֱӴ˺ӣʥɫ䣬ͬʱѸٵĳźȥͣ
ڰʥɽǰͷ¶ϵʵԾͱȽ廹ҪǿԣѾ벽۾İʥҲǼΪɵûֱӰȾܵԭͷƺûгΡ
ʥģʵҲɵˡ
˿̣ڲ·СѾȫ򿪣ǣӿһδ֪֮󣬾Ȼû۳ֱͣɢˣ
õķܲɵۣ
ѵΪСڵԭ򣿡
һȻţɫֱȥΪʥѾٴγ߻ƽ
ʥıƽٶҲ죬ϾɻڼɵǲˣթԣʥʱľǷڷֹ롣
ô
岢ûʨͷɫܲÿķƣüͷҲЩ
ȻܹԱңܹѹʥһͷȴסȫ
е⣬ͷޡٻˡ
üͷЩѵ˵š
ûдʱôСǼһҲֻڴʱžСҪԣףԼļһΪξͲأ
⡭
ɫҲһʱɫ˸ֱڷԺ𣬡ȻҾסץʱӣֻҪӵųڣɱһˣ
ɱ
£Ǳǿҵ⣬ֻһӣͷϵʨһֱ֮ŰʥϮȥ
壬ΪһӲ𣿡
ʥƺҲ˽⵽˷ƵһȴǱܹʨ棬ٵƶһ㼱١
ӣ
屬һ֮󣬱ǼٵĳŰʥķȥ嫺ѹȥ
ৣ
ƲԥԶĴֵУٵĳڰʥ෴ķȥ
룡
ˣʥһһץһͣǹֱӳŷӵĵطȥ
嫺ˣ
һ棬ͳһ䣬ʱϵ˳ֱӳĳǹȥһǹ˳֮ڡ
һǹڵķֵܹסģһ֮㣬ƱΣգԣ˿̽ҲóȫʵܼһƬأһһ
壬㶯ñԴֱټǧԪ
˷񣬰ʥ¶죬Ŀš
ʣ˿̽ѾڵıԴܣȻܺƴ󣬵ǣҲһ޴ѹӶһ˵Ԫ
ҲЩǿٶֵԭ
֮ҷƼ£ձضʥأ
ƵԶңңĴ˱ɱ֮⡣


1770 
ء
ըϵɽҰ쳹Ϣϣ޾ǹȳǵص£ЩǹĶ棬һƬ貵񺣣żΪֲϢһǹڣһСʯͷһƬƬѡ
쳹صĿֲײõĵǱȥγһ׵ӣΧѷ죬ǧ֮⡣

ʥٴʹյһƬƬǹײƬ貵֮ʱֱӱѿƬıըʱ۳һɼ䱩ǿڳ񺣣õĽɫֱӲ԰ȥ
ԭ˵ĲͲǺܴ֮£൱ֻܰ򣬶ʱǱˡ
壬Ȱ㻹ǱΪСԼԪˣɸһͬרУһȾͷǸã
ķѾԶʥҲЩļʱǶԽ
Щ벻ͨΪνԷëͷС˵صϧԼԪסԼ
ɸ
һӿһĨ𺳵ɫ
ɸ֪飬ڵ֪иΪ𾪡
һֱоƺܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ƾȻշδշɱ
ʱǸӼᶨҪƵľģ
ͬϹӣѾʢĳΣضǻһ൱Ĺʢʱ٣¶ʵ츳ɶѡҲܹڵĽ
ģ
Σ
Ϊ䣬ͬʱ˵һὫĺͼԸתͷģţǺ֪뷨ģ
ߣ
仰ʥڶʱһĨɭȻɱʱƸˣΪСߣҸ㣬ˣ
ʲô
ڿʥĨĻ֮󣬽һʱ뵽һֿܣˣ
ʵģʥ϶ҪһЩķڷҲģ
ȥ𣿡
ѾЩ̻̲Ľ壬ʥǲĴЦ޾ǹֱ꣬ӽûڣ·

ʱ䲢Ҳͳ˲䣬ƱѾӳ˺ܳһξ롣
ûеͿУһֱïʢĴֵУӰӹ֮ʱûаһȣٶ޺ۼ
ӹ˼ɽͻأģ׵ļٲơ
䡭
ͬʱֱӱǽ֮ǰǰ··һ׵Ĵ󶴡
ٺ٣СӷӦĵͦġ
һɭЦ𣬽ţĵӰӴֵӳΧס
ʣ԰ʥصԪϣȻЩʯڱնɱˣǣȴȫ
񣬰ʥȻΧ˷ƣȻĵƴԣÿһ˷ܷƳĸ䣬ᱻס
ǰˣƵɫֱȥ
ʥ۷߽׵ģһ˽׵ģһŽ׵ģԸԼɼ϶˶԰ʥѹ
÷ĺĵط
ʵģʯ統УչֳʵõܵвԣҪʥֽ֮Լȥ
Һ֣СӾʲôͬȻʥ˵ӡ
ʥ۷˽׵ǿĿڷɨӣһĨɻ
ʱãһ˾㹻ˣϾƲһŽʥ۷׵ĺ󱲶ѣʥȴִÿһɳһλŽ׵ǿߣ
֪𣿡
Ƶ¶һĨĻȣʱһɫĻ棬һɳɽ纣ĴƱӿ
ӡ
ӡ
һ۳ӡһֻóӡʱһֻ޴һɫЯŵĴͬʱ
䡭
ûκԥģӡֱӳһ߽׾ǿײȥȴǳǰ˽ǿ߳˹ȥ
쵰
ʥ۷˽׾ǿ߼ƾȻҶԼ֣ʱŭ۳һͼֱӱǳŴͷ­¡
ء
ڽӴһ˲䣬˽ǿߵɫǱˣҪ˵ʱ򣬻ɫĴѾǰצֱӳؿץʱ˱Ǳֱ飬Ѫꡣ
һߣ߽׵ǿͬΪжɫӡշɱһӣҽжûзֱ
⡭
ʣµǸŽǿ߽ǿЩĿɿڴĿһĻʱɵһ
Сӣ
ǾŽǿߺܿͷӦ˹óһʱǻûһߴ׵ľֱӳŷѹ


1771 
ֱ˱Уʣµʥ۷Žǿ߽ǿߣװʥΪ˰ˡ
Ѿˣڻ֮󣬷ƱǼٵĺˣжȥѡӲ
ԼʵѾǳ˽ˣʥ۷˽׵ģܹɱǶϾŽ׵ģԿ
ң󷽻аʥвǲ̫ͣã罭˵һųǣʥŲΪ
쵰ӣ
ʥ۷ŽǿŭĿһǳŷ׷Ϯȥһ߻Ը֪ͨԮأ
ǣ
߽ǿӦһֱӱǳմһâڰб
Ѿס𣿡
ԶİʥȻҲˣȴû¶ϲɫüͷһ塣
ΪǷźţ˵ûץסƣȻûзźŵıҪ
СӣԳ׵ʵԿŽ׵ǿ𣿡
ʥޱ𶯣¶ҪƶɱڳɳҡС
ֱ÷ƽ벽۾磬л˭ܹƺƣ
˵ˣҷɳȥңƳɳٶҲǲģʸ˫֮Ů֮ˣ벽ۣԲʲô谭ߵһĻô˵ǰʥصĩգ
Ǽ쵰϶Ǵˣ
ȻûֳʥҲܹĵʱһʱڣң˸ԼţȻɳŽǿߣ÷Ƹˣ
һߣȴΪӳľ˿ʱ񺣱
𣡡
ٴμ˽ʨʱʨգХ죬޾ʨɢΧĿռֱǱһĳһС
칷Ҿٴһ˶ϣ
һӡ޴ʨӭǹֱ꣬ӳŰʥ˹ȥ졣
ߣ
ʥߣȴûжֵ˼ٵƶҪȥɱƣȴŴα嵲ǰõŭڣȴڶʱҲ޷ѽǣơ
ৡ
գÿһ֮󻹸ٵĳǲϷźŵķλС
ЩȻĵʱɫǸˡ
Ϊʥ۷Ž׵ǿ߲ϵķϮõٶȸ첻Σ
ƺŽ׾ǿߣôпܽҪˡ
ɶ񣬰ʥأܻ뿪´һ㣡
˿̣ڷƵҲһĨɭɱ⡣
ʥ֪̫ϢˣпڰʥҲһЩϢһ޷ǽķˡ
ɸ˭ĶͷҲԼǿҪɣ
Ǹʱ򣬽᳹׵ľпܽҲԨ
ǷģԣΣʥʥر
ֻϧںɫСΪСʧƺʧȥôԽһ֮Ҫ븲ʥؼֱǲܵ顣
ңڵķƣҪѡ
ɽ߼ʣ֪жԶ
СӣϽͣȻǧУ
ʥ۷Ž׵ǿ߲ϵĿвţеĹҲûͣ£Ƶ÷޷ֱ߳ߡ
ֻһķƣһʱҲûа취
ৡ
ûжãӰܿʹӲͬķ˹
λס
ŽǿһǿԮѵʱϲſڴš
ϵλŽǿߣҲһͬʱ֣Ƶλضȥ·

ϵӰɫֱȥվԭأһӡһֳӡ嫵ӿڳһƴļơ
Ӱ
ǾŽǿ׷֮󣬿֮ķƣʱǵ
˵ģǲûԷһ׵СӶץס
ǸϹľŽǿ߶Ȥ٩ζŨ
ȻͬΪһ֮ǰǴԹģ־棬ǿڳһ
ߣ
ΪĵľŽǿһŭ壬бһ˸ץסСӿ
֣СȻֵ
˵ţһóһ˸ӨĳĿЦ
ȥ
ҲҴ⣬ϾĵʵԼ֮ϣҲӵ壬ϵľģʱеĳһӳһӰŷȥ
䡭
ӡǴ䵽˿մӨⳤ㣬ƹ˷ƣӺֱӽһӡ


1772 
ˣ
ڿټ֮󣬷б֪£Ӧʱ򣬱ѾһֽŶǱһȣֱӵȥ
ٺ٣ģ
״ǳķĴЦЦоǵ⡣
ߣСѣ
ȻޣǰȴҲȷΪһԵʲ׵Ľס
ºһʥ빦ҾãλҲͷˡ
ţǸΪˡ
壬ǻҪ£
һǸȥ߿ڣֹȻǿƣ˵Сӣһѡ񣬽ʥҪĶҾ͸ʹ죬Ȼ֪ʲô
ǵĿԼ֮󣬷ƵҲǻ
⸿֣֮޷֮ϣһһԼϣ޷ѡ
ٺ٣Сӣ㻹ʡɣԶʱڵĸoΪܹѵˣ
ǵ⣬⸿
𣿡
ͣסԼϵһḬ֮̃⡣
ܹԼõǽһ
ţϻɫǻȥõЩʥصԪϼãѾ˷ˣʱ˿
ϾʥץãȻƽɸڱ𴦣ǰͻһ
ԣڼƷĲǺܼҵʱҲûмնɱƣŽƴذʥء
ڴʱԭڵϵķϣȴͻأӿֳһɭ׵ĵ绡ֱӽڡ
֨֨
ʱϵǷҵķӦֱӱҪ뿪ȥ
ܹѣһ˫ŵ绡ץסһأֱһ˦֮뵽ڵԪеС
ʱͺһ뵽͹һʱҵȴҲ벻
һϵеı仯ڻʯ֮䣬õһڰʥصǿ߶ûӦǼѾٴΰڳһƴɵļƣһӡһֳӡҳķҪͻΧ
䡭
ɫӡŵ绡ĴֱײģһǱײһξ룬ƾͳ϶ٵ˳ȥ
ֱʱǲǷӦ˹
쵰ʲô
ЩһƬ벻
֪жٵ֮£˿̣ȴǱһʥ۷׵ǿ߸ȥˣ
ⲻֹǿҲһȻĲ˼顣
ϾͬΪʥصԪϣȻΣԲŷ˾裬ȴû뵽˿ӡ
Ҹ
һ׷ȥһɱǾ¡
˵ˣͬһ磬Ǽֱֻбɱķݣ
һĨɼĿ⣬ȻǶʵ϶Ҫ𣿡
ɱ
Ѿӳһξķƣ϶Į˵ţھɱ⡣
˵ˣӵˣʳѰ
ʱλʥ۷Ž׵ǿ֣˵ۣŷѹȥ
ˣ
ֻüȫתϷħ˱ǱУֱӱǱ˵ص֮£ԭһ׵ӡ
ģҵĸ
һӱϵ壬ɵԼıֻǣһ֮ȴһĨ͡
ص֮£ȻƱƤǣȴûбֱӺ飬ڵص֮£һѪģϣϡܹһЩ΢ӨӨ֮⡣
ȻǷϳˣȻǷƵǿᣬҲλʥ۷Ž׾ǿߺ
ô
Žǿ߶˹ɻʵ
Сӡû
ܹܵûЩѵ˵š
ʲô
ֱӱɫͬʱӱߣڿƵ״֮󣬶ǲɵһ
ֺ֮£ҲҴ棬ǣȴõǶʱоֽЩ
϶ˣɱǴʥأΪĵǿ߶϶ʵ
϶üͷ壬Щ˸ԥãһĨɱȻɱ
֪һ̻ᷢʲô÷룬ǰʥصˣ
໺𡭡
ͻأģһ绢Хľ޺ԶԭȻңԶȴһĵѹڣԶõΪ֮һ


1773 ѡ
Хľ޺ʱ䣬ƺ뵽һ΢ļžУʱֹһûУ
Ǽ֮䣬һ޴ĺӰԶʸ˳˲ϢǳƬ֮ϡ
һͷޣףһСɽֻǴбǸһϢѹõƬ鶼ǾȥʾԼĳ֮⡣
ʥһԪϸǻһָͷˣһֵĿͷľޣûܹ˵ĳ
ⲻǡ
϶ԾͼͷޣȻϴԶҲǱ˿һʱֱ¶ɫ
ԶҲɽǰľӰǿϴʥһ֮ǻһĳ
ףͷϳǣƺ׾Ϳͱأ˫Įӣܹ˵һ۶˱
Ǹ׼ֵָ䲻ȥ˽ֱԭأɪɪ
Ϊͷ޵ĿֱӿһεѹãڱѵıԵƺֻҪͷ޵һͷǻһ
˿̣һĻĻͷ˲䣬˱Ǳѿһ̲Ѫ
û˾⣬ʥ۷Ž׾ǿվԭضҲҶһ£ȥҲ룬վԭأȴУ
޲ûзκƺշɱӵоŽ׾ĲǶһѡ
Ƴһʣʥ۷Ž׾ǿһۣڲûκεĿ⣬ڿһֻûȤȥշ⼸ֻ϶ѡ
ৣ
һͷ֮µķƱߣ˾ԡ
˿̣ǼΪңǰ󶼼ûըˣɭɭ׹ǣƤ⿪ĿĵѪɫֽ˿Ѿ˻״̬
һ
ɨһ۷Ƶ֮󣬾ڱĹâɶſڣ³һڽɫĹâڣʱϵĴ˱ۿɼٶһ·Ŀɿڴ
ͨڣȻôԶľ뻹ϲ
һ䣬̬˵ǼΪԻ
ͷޣһˡ
ͷ޷ǣʱҲǾãͷ֮ͬϢǾƺ˺ܴ

ô𺳵۴ԺðʱԼ𾪵˵˿е޷ݡ
ͷǻϴֻٻĻǾֲ̫ˣпܣǵ޵еĴڣ
Ȼ֮࣬ȴǻתѡ
ָǵһ̣ƵǾıۣȴǿһеΪϤʱԭ۳ƱǻĳȥڸֳһĨɻȻ
С򣿡
Щ̫ȷ૳
ǼǵãСԼɽ֮伣ˣңԼڲǰǸڵСӣСҲûг֣ЩŪס

ƺ˫ĮڶʱһĨͣǱǺݺݵĳ˳顣
񣬾Ȼȡһô֣ǸĳЩһˣǻЦ
㣿
ȻûгƴɫȴǿԷֱĳʱϱӿһĨϲɫһȥˣôڲų֣
ȿȡ
һһתȻԵʵǸܻƺ𣿡
ƺ
ͻȻ˵˻õķҲһ㶣Ƴ˴·ǼʥصԪ֮󣬲ھӴɨһȦһƣƣѡҪĸ

ĿĿ⼸˼˺ܾ֮ջйˣǻǽɡ
Ŀã˵񡭡һˣѵС򣿡
ٻξޣϵϢǼΪ壬ңǿҵĸоͷ޵Ĵ뱻򿪵Ǹɫӿ϶ǧ˿Ƶϵ
һĻ·ǼʥԪУõӶɳˣ
ܹܵ޵ǿ󣬾ǰ벽۾֮ϵĴڣȻôһǿĴڣȻʥ۷׵ΨǴӣ
Щ벻ͨΪΣ˫֮Ĺϵǻһ


1774 飬Ϊۻ
Ǽһô
Ƴһ·һڰʥصԪ֮󣬾޲ûлشƵ⣬Ķѯʵһǿߵһ¡
һ仰õݱѣֽű
ˣʥҲˡ
Ǹʥ۷Ž׾૳ɫ԰ףھǾɫ
ͷ޲ǳּӶѣǽʥؽ췭ظǳ棬ʥҲʱѡ
ԵĺڣҲڴһҪսˣ
̰ܹʹһϽͬʱҲһ޵׵ĻԨ
ɱ
۴ӷƿ³ûаУ磬ιǵĵס
ء
ϵĴԶһڰʥǰΧ˷Ƶǿߣһ۵Ѫʬ޴棬
ڰʥصˣûаøУң뵽ʥ֪ԼܣеɱŨ
Ϊʥصÿһ˶п֪ԼЩܣһȥ룬ԣҲϸ֮ʣº󻼣
ȿȡ֪ʲô
ƵĿһֱԼ˵
㵽˭
˿ѹе𺳣ƽʵ
СôڼӹȥˣӦʧ˲ŶԣȻڵȴãǰľޣ֮ǰ壬ʵĴڣ
ʵĴڣ
ǡ񣡡
³ԵۣУһɰƣ˳
뵱һصĵطżʱѾɵ֮񣬽Ϊף֮շ֮ǳΪ֮һ
ĳһ죬֮ͻȻѡ½Ȼȥֱղؼգ
ΧϤĿú㣬Ĵδй泩
񣡡
ƵĺֱӾͼڣ𾪵Ĺâ
񰡣ǿһ񼶱Ĵڣŷ񣬿ʵʵoĴڣ
ԣԷƴʱᶨԣҲ޷ѹסе𺳣ֱ¶ڱ档
ˣһĨ⣬Ȼƺ˽һģ˵Ƭؼĵ۵⣬ҵʵҲûôţ൱νİ벽۷ѡ
Ŷ
ԣе𾪲΢ļȥ
һҪӵoܣֻͷƽˣ
۵⣿
뵽ۣɻĿھǲȻ
۵ؼļ֮Ȼˣ˭Ǹ

΢ĵ˵ͷ­һĨɣƺֻص˵ꡣ
ʵԹ֮ӡ֮ˣôҴлҲʱˡ
˭ģ
̲סеĺ棬׷ʵ
һŻ
Ƴһ֮󣬲ûֱӻشʻ˵飬Ϊۻ

Ƶ˵ͷüͷ
仰½Ȼ˵ҲһŻѣûȥ⣬ңҲ仰˼
ǣ֮£С˵Ͳͬˡ
Ҳ䱻ҹΪĹŻУ̺һܣңӦ뵱·йء
ĳЩΪܹвʱͻĽ𣬴ӹһֱˡ
˵ţԳЦһڵǺʶ˵ûавԣ̫ˡ
Ŷ
ҲûȥȴǸһͷҲԶʧӦþΪԭ
˵Ҳûڵʵȥʲô
Сأ
뵽ʧС򣬷̲ס׷һ䡣
ֻҵһʶѣʵÿһżҶһʶֻǡѡ
˶٣޲ż˵ҸӦѾ׵ƿ֮ԲŽʶջˡ
ԭˡ
̾һɨһ۾ޣЩӡ
ѾϤСĴڣһʧȥˣЩ벻ϰߡ
䡭
ͻأģԶʱǴһը죬ֱӾʹ˼·
ߣ
ĿԶƵһĨɱ⣬ͬʱֱӱǳԴ֮ٵȥ
ٺ١ڿԺúõˣ治һô飬ϣ̫ʧˡ
ԵЩ˷ܣӡô꣬ӹǶˣԣȻ顣


1775 淨
˿̣һֱǴʥľ棬Ѿǣƣսƶš
壬𾴾ƲԳԷƣҵɸ֮󣬵һͻ㣡
һֱţʥԵЩ꣬ղУֱӾ͸ĳˡ
һֱûжҡֻǣüͷҲǽ壬ЩǷƵĴ
䣬һӰǳʡ
ţ
ǰʥʱҲɵһΪηƻ᷵ң֮£ԼõһԪϸһҲټʱɵģӿһɲԤС
źŷûǾֻһֿܣƽˣ
ôܣʥ۷׶ѣǻʸ˫Ҳ顭
ʥЩţƶǻõĽԴ
ô
ӦϤͷҲһȻĿжķơ
ףΪηƻѡͶ
ʱɫҲһĨᶨһɱ֮ɢ
ȻǱƻˡ
ڼķһƽ޼ٵĸͶһǷĵ֮󣬽ǽƻ󣬾ĿŰʥ
Сӣҵأ
ʥĿŷƣ
ǿǰʥصȴٲã
Ȼɱˣ
һϷʵڰʥͷ쳹ֱõΪ֮һһ̧ͷǿһ޾ȻôϢĳϿգʱ˲ãǻҵļٳź󷽼˶ȥ
ȻͷޣҲΪ벽۵Լܹסͷޣ˿̣оֻһͷӣ
ֻȴûз֣ѡʱͷ޵ڣԻһĨ֮⣬βһֱӳǰ
󣬸ҹ
ʥ񼸺ˣ˫һɽĴӡ۾ֱӱǳžײȥ
ء
Ȼⷽӡ۶ɵʱȴƺܵδ֪ѹȻֱӾڰʥǰѿ޴ޱкڰʥԼϣ˳ȥؿڸѪ졣
˹õİʥһƬãͷǰԱʸûС
ԷĹ죬֮Ķûˣһ˫ޣƺҪһЩʲô
ˣΪѾȥ˺üӣͷȴûҪʧĺۼ¶è׽ӵϷʡ
ⲻܣôӵǿĴڣ
ʥŵҡͷȭͷյĿ֨죬˲䣬뵽һֿԣѵǡɸѵѾƿɸ𣿣
һʱڣڵɫЩˣĽʣŨŨľ
ͬʱڷߵĽҲһ𾪣˿ޣֽĿ˷ϣڷԳɫ
Ȼûѡˣ
ãԼһֱȥпܻӵ벻ĳɾ͡
ιôˣ
ƺȵЩͷˣɵĶİʥߴٵƺıֺܲ⡣
ʲôֽţһﾹȻ־ˣ
ģӦúܵ⡣
ʥʱ뿪ˣֻǵƳһۣתȥŷƣԳ˵š
ߣ
һ΢΢ĵҵģ
𣿡
ʥƺһӱĺįƽĵû淨ˣǿʳ취ǿԼͻᱻ˳Ե
ƳĬˡ
ȷʥ˵ʵ飬취ǿԼⶫжҪȡʥض֮ģѭ淨ѣ
ˣƶҲûͬģͬҲǴ淨У޷ȥƺͷҲͬˣ
淨ԴͷΪǡǡ෴ΪԵ̰
ÿһ˶Ҫıȱ˺ãϣ˲ڽŵ£ңʹ뾡һа취ȥԽˣΪ˿伫
ҲȷǻʹϵҲһʱǰǣɷϵģһѭ
ûܹƵˣǳһУΪѹϵĴڣҲܹıĿǰ״һԵѭ
ԣ˿̣ھϷķƣвûа⡣
ɱ
۴³ȻҪ٩һҲֱӶ֣³һɫĹâֱӱǽʥڣѪҺڽɫĹâлɢɻҽ


1776 ﲻ
ʥأϴεΣ֮󣬺Ե˺ֻܶ࣬ǰôʥѾΪ벽֮󣬻¸֡
ϾЩλ벽۾һͷʳѰ˿̣ӵ֮ԿǿߣȻǼΪĵ顣
ʥǰȥ֮򣬲֪ܹ񱦣ڴ
ǰȻЩöֲǣǣʣµĻзݵġ
ʣµģҲ
ؽɽſڳţпţδ㽣ܹʥҡ
ʲô
һһۼ䣬ȻǷһӰѸٵĳԼж
һϢ䣬˻ûüתͷһͷߴ׵ľޱǳͷ֮ϡ
ٺ٣ؽ
ζζĻӾĴ³·ؽɽţͭСڣ˸ϷʵɫǾٽһΰɣ
䡭
ǰһһ̤ʥؽɽűһը쵱ٴλһ𣬶ǼվɽſڵĻನɨУ߶ûһֱӱշ顣
˵ðҰʥأ
Ϊߵľʥ֮ڶʱǴȣȻǿɽŷ֮ϵͷ֮󣬶ʱһľվԭأԭŭڣֱӱתɾ֡
ţˣˡ
ֵļʱڰʥڱǳӵ쳹ͷ޵ĳ֣׵ѹǵ޵׵Ԩ
ֻԹѡ
ǱʥطΧϿ쳹ţõֽűһľ
䡭
ھɫĹâ֮һ浹ɱǿʼˣ޾ĹâӾŷ˳ȥһմأбɫâֵˣһն۾ߵͣûܹӹһ١
ɱԭǿԱģǣȴΪʥ֪˷Ҫ֮һ޲ֻܴɱһ
ú󣬰ʥĵ򱻴ʱһɹɾϢڿն𣬳ɢƬؼĽ⡭
һoӰżΪϵΣǶԶʱڼΪ˽˾ͻ֣ᷢЩΣӦһ
ٺ٣еˣ
ڿնӰƺеȣ෴ģԵЩԾԣھ˷ܵĹâ
ȻǰʥΪʵ̵ĴڣЩˣǱʥصԶķŷΪһ̵ĵ̣ƲѵʱǲᶯãǴ˿̣ȴɲǲ֣Ϊͬʱܵ˹
Ҳһһֱ޷붥ԭЩ飬ֻмΪϵҲԣΪΪϵû˻ȥƶȨʱ򶥼ԵƲӡ
ʱЩŹε˲ûȥעߵͬ飬ǽĿͷհŷҫ۹âľϡ
ͷϣǸܵ˼вͬʱҲԼĲࡣ
䡭
ͻأģһ޴أһ̶Ϊ֮ҡţըһҫ۵Ӱڰ֮ϡ
ûܹ˵òӳȴܹңңϵľ࿹
棡
һ̣λŹε˶ǳӰȥڳſ硣
Ҽǵ㡣
貹âеӰ˵ˣ䣬ǵĮ
ٺ٣Ǳʶ㣡
޿ڣڲ֮⣬ǰλǿУԵļΪɡ
ΪҪҰʥأ
貵ӰʣûֱӶ֣ɼͷҲǼΪɵ
ҲԶǲˣͷǸݺµĳ棬˵ǸʱУǸСɫѣֻǻԵʹȻõõϵķ֮ԣ֮Уʥزŵ
Ϊǵǵﲻˣ
˵䣬ϵٴһϣϻ죬ȪİѹӴɢʥڡ
þǣ
һƬɫĹâ쳹֮ƬɫĺбǲϵĴľ죬һƬˣԲ֮ڵɽӶǱɢನݻ٣һƬޣﾡС
־벨ãԼʱ֮󣬽ɫĺʧ󣬰ʥرǳ׵Ĳڣֻһڲ׵Ԩѣ


1777 
˻û֮Ϣ֮ʱһ𾪵Ϣ˾󲿷˵ߡ
ʥر
Ϣõе֪߶ľѣǲţǱ֤ʵˣ˶ᵱǸЦ̸ѣ
ʥأԶʱŴĴȻĺᣬǣ֮ۺҲܹΪİ޾У¾˻Ĺʢɴڣ֤ʵϵģ
ңһЩ֪һЩأԣǸǲлܹʥء
ǣͷ֣Ȼûܹö
Ȼڰʥȴô׵ģǱ˸ˣ˭ûʥԭפأҲһƬ棬޵׵Ԩ
ɼʱս֮ңǾ춯صģ
˵ʱԶڼ֮ⶼܹܵõ𶯣ض߸˹һ﷢˾ҵĴըըͨأֻನǽΧһжݻˣߣеһжΪ档
û֪ڰʥھʲôΪûּܹıը벨ȴ˻ɣа벽ڴ򶷣
Ҳ˵ڵʱа벽䣡
ǲʥص̵ˣ֪Ȼа벽֮ҲǱ𾪵˵
ǿ벽ϵģʱǣȻϵĴڣȻҲնɱˣɼʱʥصĵжôǿ
ºǰȥʥ֤Ѿʲôۼûʣ£ֻһӣ޷֤ʵʲô
Ȼʱԭ򣬵ǣΨһܹȷǣʥرˣԺ磬ްţ

а˸µʱ䣬ԣƲûֱӷذųǣ뽭һͬǰ
ڽһλ벽ۣȻǲԶ˼ʱΪĶ֮󣬽ѸٵķչϣϽ屾˵ʵܳһˣңΪĴڣǶҲԸȥ
ˣ
֣
˻ûиϵ˵ʱ򣬾ޱ֮
䲻ľޣЩľȻʱϢûдǣȴͷȥʲô
ʥˣ
ڵһǾǰһصĹ⻷ԶҲ޷͸
ͬʱңԼʶ˷ƣʼûиıԼ
ľ޹Ҳ˿󣬾ӴСٴαСģ˸Ƿ֮󣬱طƻУһϵеĶĺܡ
Ƶ΢΢һ䣬֪ٱ䣬һɻǵС
˵פأ
ָԶһΡɽһԵķ˵
ǰһһפأȴΪһһĺӵܣڲݵ£֮ɱΪ˱ȫԸ뵽˵Уɽ棬űȫ
ˣ
ƬصŨΪп˵ţλԼصˣǸм
һУΪ˻յĶ飬ϧԼǧԪסʥ
Щƶϡ
ɽŴϿ֣ˣһɴƣȻǽ
ɽ֮ǰ˸⾼ĻֱվϢȣΪ͡
Ѿʥ۷徳ķƣɨһ֮󣬱ǿǵľ磬͵һˣٴʥ磬ߵһˣѾﵽٵĳ̶ȣ
Ƿڰ½ϣǾܹΪһĴڣǣȴֻѡ
Կɼ統УǿûдʥˣߵʸûС

ڼǰ֮ʱ˸ͬĺУ֮⡣
ܹһƬӵʢ˶Ϊжĵ̣ȫΪǰλ˵Ĵڣ
ţ
΢ĵͷǴŷƣֱŷ嶥ȥһ·ϣ÷ǰͷλãȴһػڷ
ԴˣȻ˼ȻѾҪ˽Լˣ
˭δȻһ𣬿ݺΪ
ֹܲΪݣûǰ𣿶ң˵ΪҶ͸
˻ѵ˵ܹɵ
ߺɽŴĻۿ


1778 ˼
˵˰ɣһ˻ˡ
֣ȻǸǰ桭
ѵͷˡ
ɲһ˵ǰڶ˹ϵܲҲҲ˵
Ϊһ·϶ǸƳ䵱Ľɫԣ˿ڱ˶ۿ඼ǶԷݵĲ²⣬ȴҲЩµ˷Ƶ
Ͼڶ飬ûбڸǣֻҪ΢ȥһܹ֪
ֻǣ̬ȴõ˲ȻΪ벽۵ΪλԽȥԴһˣ
벽ȥڣ
ֱ޷飬ԣ˶ԷƺһЩȴǲ²⵽Ƿ񣬽뽫λøأ
õüͷ
Ҫһʵǿ쵼ߣһδɵˣ
һֱ۷֮󣬽ֻǶһ߽һ䣬и߲ᣬǴŷԼס
סĲݻ෴ģª˼㣬ڷͷһǹһСľݶѡ
ڼΪ˵Ľ˵һƺѾˣñڵԸֻǳݶѡ
ǰ´еСľݣƲû̫ľȣŽһͬ뵽СľݵС
ϣ˲ôӭҰ
ǽݣӣЩڨڨ˵
Ȼ⣡
һ·ЩЩӵĿõķף㽭Ը⽫תҪ֣Ҳһ׵顣
Ǻǡ
ЦһԹԵмľǰ£ĿƺеĵһʵΪ磬ûչֳ˵ʵٸߣҲõأ
ţܹãңԷƵ츳ǱֻҪչֳЩûɲ
ʵô
ƺ˿һ£ȴûаɥ
ţڵľ磬ֻҪǰ벽۾磬лʤģ
ҾͻλΪ
תͷһĿ

ЩȻĿ˶٣ǵϣҸôãҲ֪ôȥ
ȷ츳ܼ֮ǣһɵĹȴһϲͨҲͷ
һ㣡
΢ЦſЩ֪ķƣʱ鲻ԽĽƵԼ
ϡ
һĿһ뵽Ҫȥһһ;ͷĺܣĲϣҾͺܲˣûҪҡ
ȷΪ̫ųҪôһֻǿľӣν壬ҪǣԼͲϡ
ûҪµ׳־Ҳǿʤĺܼ򵥣ܹԼں˺˶ѣ
ķӦõĽҲһ
ԭΪƻϲȴû뵽ƻܾ
Ȼڵ˲붥ȣǣһȴҲܹΪˣôһֻ͸˭ܾܾǣڷƵϣһ˿αװ١
ϣʲôģһǿʤεġһֱԼƺٺһЦ˵
Ϊѧ͵
ϣ£νϣʵ൱һĹֻҪĳЩʱͿˣңʱһĴڼֵ
ʱ֪˼Ҳûǿ΢Цŵ˵˵ȥԭҪѹեϹͷ
ٺ٣߶ͣ
ƺƤƨ
͵ôɡ
һۣû飬˶٣һص˵Ϊ˷չ̫ˣʵҲûΪһ壬ֻҵѹ£ű״ԣϣҲǻ˷ԣ󣬾ҪԼˡ
ڵˣһЩɢޣģһЩֻȴΪԭԼ뵽˵жѡԣϿȥѾǿˣǣʵڲȴķѣ˷ģҲֻнһ˶ѣûн壬ô˾Ի᲻ڣ
û⡣
Ц˵ţûаѹ
ʱĺܿ죬Ȼ䣬ǹȥˣи߲϶ڷ嶥´ڣ˿̣֮ڳЩ˿УƳֵĴģҲ̸۹ڳ֮顣
ʣߵĴˣʵѾһźţȻЩУȴƲƣ
ΪУƲһõ˶ѣ


1779 ƾȭͷ
ڣָĺԣһһ𣬻֮䣬Щ⣬ֻûаνš
ڷƸŽ֮ɨһ֮üͷɵϵЦҲȻ仺
ҪģһľӡڵˣȻȥǿ󣬵ǣһΣʱֱ̣׶˱ǻ͹Գʱֻӿ˵ĸ
һԵĽȻҲЩϸ΢ı任ʱɫҲһ΢ɨһЩǻƽϢȥ
ڽ壬ǻԵ磬ȻҲѡ˵ˡ

ڽڴ֮ϵλ֮󣬴ڵߺɽ塣
սλйֻһ£ǽһˡ
˵ţʾߵǰվ֮Ǽ˵λˣԺ˵ϣ

Ļ£һƽĺһʯʱڱ쳹֮
ϣλÿ˵ǽĴڣ˵õԴܹĵ˵ҪģǹҸ˱ӻѣ
ʣϣֻʵǿ˲ܹȥ
ڣУƱֻһܹܵϴȴ޷˱ӻļһѣ
ԣ֮ڣûһͬƳΪϵģֻǣȴΪĴڣǲûֱӳԶѡ
ǵϵɫȴǽԼĲ¶˳Щ˸ȥơ
ǿΪϣκ˶ûа취ȥһʵԼ֮µˣ
λƺҳΪϺܲ
ڽҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬷ֹȻɨŴڵˣ쳹ȫ̧°ͣƺڶ˷ơ
ʱڵձǽ
һδɵСӶѣƾʲôϣ
þû˵һ³׳һͲסվ˳š
Ǻԡ
˵ǰѾͻʥ۷Žˡ
˻˵츳Ȼܹǧڴﵽ־磬ԺֻǱޡ
³׳վ֮󣬴Ҳ쳹һЩϸСľ
ǵУҲ֪Ϊ׳ݣʱھһ
׳һϴֻܲҵĵһһ⵽˼Ҵѹȱ磬˵أ뵽˵С
ƾʲô
΢΢һƣһ֣ճȭͷĿƾ
˵䣬ȭͷ΢ֵĺǿƣ
˿̣ߺȰģûʵûأ
õ
ŭһȻܹƵ˷ƵΪʥ۷׶ѣƸһçײûԵļһѣиǲˣΪ廹һȭҹˣ
ϣƾƤӿǲеģ
Գһ˵š
ô
üͷһԣ
ã
ȵľ仰ð⣬ֱӱת㣡
仰ƺ·ƻᷴһģֱӱŴ󲽳Ŵ˳ȥ
ʱ˵ĿǷ˷ϣĿⶼǴϷ뿴Ϸɫ˶ڵŷƳܡ
ʥ۷׶ѣȻ˲֪ߵغǸǿԣֵļƱѵһ١
ģΪƿ϶򽭷ԣĵĿҲ֮ڱŷƽս
ȥȥ
ƶŽ΢΢һЦһȻĿ£ֱŴȥ
ߣ㻹ܵ⵽ʲôʱ򡭡
ԺԵʵȻῴЦĳ
Ǳûӣ
Ÿָ飬ڵ˶ǽĿ˴Ĺ㳡ϡ
СӣҺĵ
ƾȻҸվԼǰԵ΢΢һУϸڷɨţƺҪҳʲô
ҵĵһֱܴ󡣡
Ƶ˵ţɨһΧ㳡ϵӵܣ΢΢
ꡭ
Žֻһӣһķϱǽ㳡ڡ
һȭ
ˣûУֱӱȭͷһܵӰֱӱǳŷƵ
ƣһֱվԭأƺѾĹƸɵһҲ֪ܣôվš
ء
ںԵȭͷٽ֮ʱƲĺһȭЯŵ绡ȭͷֱӱɰСȭͷײһ𣬶ʱǱŷһƵռ˷ŰһӰȻǵ˼󲽡


1780 Ժ
ƵɽϣһϵĹڴ˹֮ǰһ㳡˿̣ڹ㳡ΧҲΧȺ͵ľӢӵܡ
ټĳ棬֮࣬Ȼʱȴûдʲô죬˿̣ǵĿ⣬϶ǼһɫɫȴԴͣЩͫţ벻˼Ĺâ
ڹϵĹУһڿɳ˵ԪϼҲЩĿɿڴ֮⣬ĿĿŹ㳡һȭ֮Ľ
˵ģȻӵʥ۷Ž׾ĺԣ
һ֮£ǱһɾƳȥһξ룬֮ࡣ෴ģΪʥ۷׵ķƣȴֻһΣ˰벽ѣ
¶ٷ֣
ȻΪǻ˵ƣûжȫʱĽ׵ĳ̶ȶѣȻȭͷԵʱľ쵽˲ԾֱӾӵ߽ңǣһȭ֮£ɻǲһ
ã
忪ڣʵӴڴ쳹ۡ
ڷƵʵҲ֪һЩŻ÷ƵȥԿԣ

̣㳡ϱǱ˳֮һʢһ
ҵ죬Ҳ̻˰ɣСӾȻ˺Գϣ
ⲻܣΪʥ۷׶ѣһǺԳϹԵʡ
ô˵㿴ôᣬȻܹӵʥ۷ΪպĳɾͱضͣңЩ֮ӣҲ˰ɣ
˴У˿̣ԵĺΪû˵ǵĿⶼڷϡ
Ҳ˲֪һȭʵǣΪ˵ԪϣǿǿĺΪ
ʥ۷߽ף
޷һʥ۷׵ˣûжش£ηӳǿģ
ʵҲ˵ƾƱӵ߽׵ʵ
ֽõĴڵ˼ͬʱгһڵ֮ɫ޷ѹ֣
ʥ۷׾Ѿˣôǵǿ֮ǽֻǺεȿֲĴڣ
û˻ỳɷƲܵϾŽףϾƵǶС
ڴ˿̣ƺˣôԭˣ
һڶʥӼĴڣܹӵôһλ׿Խţ˵֮
ʱΪˣԵһɫȴֱӾͱǺˣѪҺ䶼ͷӿŭֵڼ
ʵãȭͷϱŷӦûԼһ˿Ȼȴһļ£ܼΪɵӰ쵽ҲΪּɵȭͷײһʱƲŻ࣬Ӷ˰ܾ֡
ٳһȭ
˵գԽһ壬ȭͷЯŰ˽׵ŷƺ˹ȭͷϣԼ侹Ȼһͷͻ̬֣ȻѾʥ
ӡ
¼ٵתϷħȴûȭ˼෴ģ󶯳һɬӡȻ۳һɵĴӡӡıԵϣһ޵ɭ׵绡ڡ
ӡ
һȣɫĴӡֱӳĺײ˹ȥһ·ϣһҳ˷˵ĴһΧĿռ˳һıȥһɳɽ纣Ĵӣõľѡ
飡
ܵĴӡԵ±ǲУٴ˿ֱ֮ӱǽᵽԼļޣﵽ˿ֲľŽ׳̶ȣ۳һͷʵĿ񻢣һֱӱȥ
¡
һը˲쳹࿿㳡̫˶ֱͬʱһɿֲ쭷Ǵ߶ײмŷ̨һϯ˷ΪϣֻֻҪһǶײɽ۱ǻᱻƽ
꣡
ȭͷײλϣ޴ĻɫӡȭͷΪģ˲ѿһѺۣӡ

˿ԥģһں׼˵ʱ򣬾޴ӡֱӱըǹɰк˺ϣһεĽ˳ȥ
ŵŵš
Լɳ׾֮ͣԲ䵽˵棬֮ڵٴε󲽣һ̤ʯУվ
ʱںԵڣȴҲû˷ŭϵһľ벻ţ
˵һȭ׼£ôһȭȻûн۷״̬ӳǣҲԿɳǶȫˣ
Ҳ˵ӳʥ۷Ž׵ܣ
Ȼȴһεİˣңǰһʥ۷׵УõԭЩçײĺԴ˿Ҳ侲


1781 
˿̣ɽ֮ϣֻСءķȴû˷κε㳡Χ˶ǵԲ۾۾ڣһƬ벻˼ɫڿʲôֵܳһ
˵һǽңôڶأ
ʣʵ
ֻǣһʥ۷׵ˣȻܹʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣõ˶ЩԼ۾Ǵڴ˵һԪϣЩ鲻ԽԼ۾Լۻһ
ױǶԿŽףʵδҲ̫ˣңЩе֮ӣҲûд˭ӵʵ
ԣʵǰɲţ˶Ϊƿ϶ǽĳЩԲܹﵽ˵ĵز
ⲻܣ
ҲЩģͺһһ壬˱ǰεضϾȭͷ֮ϣһȭ׸ǣ֮ʱкȵԨ
ʱϱһããȭͷΪףӾ콵£һĵĴƣֱӱǳƣľ
ӡ
һӨ˸˸ӡǱƳУûκԥģǽܹ˽ȥʱԭ貵ӡǱǣЩ豹ĸоһͷɫľӡڿնߴʮɣʵʣʮ㣬̧㰺ףֱӱǳԾ֮µԡ
䡭
Ŀ֮£ڰ֮ײʱһɿֲֺƴھϯһƬããκǾҵľ磬ǽĽ岼µ϶Ǵһۼһ
ɼ˫֮ζײжô׺ˡ
ã֮ڵķ籩ͣҲ¶˳
վڹ㳡һߣȻȭͷֱϲûѪ죬ǣһֻѾȫը飬޴ĳƺҲһĴˣɫԲ԰ס
ƣȻվԭأ˫ϥ뵽֮£ɫȻҲЩ԰ףȴѾۿɼٶڻָš
ৣ
΢һ㣬Ǵаγ˫ȣһ˫ȴҲѾ飬ôԵЩײࡣ
ʹ˵״ƺһεײУƺǰ¡
ȻˣҲõһ
һʥ۷׵ˣһʥ۷Ž׵ƴĲ£𣿣
һϹ۵ˣʱҲе֮ʱ˿̣ûٶԷ¶⣬Ŀ⣬෴ģȴ𾪣˼飬ڵһԪϸǾãܹΪ˵ϣ˵ң
ˣΪΣڽŷƽ˵ʱ򣬾ȻԻ̬͡
֮ӣӦӵ˴˿ɣܹӵгĳɾͣ
Һĳˣ
ֱ˷ջûжȥŷƹ˹֣΢Щŵ˵š
츳֮ˣֲǵжӪģܹ֮ܣҲôԷģԳɳǺܲġ
ȻǽƵҵĻˣ
ϳˣ
ּ䣬ƱǽӡҲЦе˵š
ΧЩѾı˵Ŀ⣬ԼĿѾﵽˣ
ҪģֻǽԼʵ¶ˣȵҫͱ˵Ļпܻ𵽷Ч
ȻƲôܹ£ģ֮Ĺϵܹģ
Ȼǫ̬ȣֱӱõ˿У˱ǶԷһЩøС
ΪֱͣӳΪϣ˵Ĳ߶ԷƵĵӣ¶˳չֳʵȻǻᵣǷƻ᲻ûߴѹԼʱ̸ķƣ֪˲СǼˣ
ķЦеԻص˴УϵҲ˺ܶ࣬٩ʵϿǷˣ
ˣ
ڨڨһЦ
λأΪϻʲô𣿡
󣬽Ŀɨȫ嵭ʵ
ûС
ġ
׿Խܹˣҵȵĸ
˿̣ǽֱӽ֮λøƣЩҲаǰִܹ֮ˣԼĸǣһЩֺ֮ڴڲϵĴƺЩ·ƱˣֱӾͽˣ
ɸλǰ̧ƾ͹ˣ
վڴ֮ϣһɴݣٳ費ǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬ŴڵһԪϹʾ⡣


1782 һ
ʵﶼõƣԶԶһ֮󣬷Ʊ˳֮λ
ȻᣬȴûٸС෴ģԴΪ٣
ֻǣڼĴںԵķָ֮󣬷ϵЦ⣬ɫԵЩء
г£˸λ
ƺҲ˼ͳɽ쳹ţ˱ˮһȥ֮ڣֻʣʮ˶ѡ
Ȼλϣôһ£ЩŪףҪλҴ𰸡
ƵĿˣһĨ֮⣬Ŀʮɨһ֮󣬲Ǽʵһ𣿣
仰ʵ˳Ĭȥ˸
Ǳһϵ˫֮еĦеҪڶʱ£Ҳǲܵ飡
Դ˿̣ûܹشϣ˸ɫ
ܼ򵥵һˣÿһ˾һӣŽһô˭Ҫ֮۶϶븶һĴۣ
˶٣ּ˵ȻŽĻӿ룬ǿ׵Ľ𣡡
ڴڻصţõʮԪ϶ǵͷȥڴ˿Ҳƽ
Ȼһѿӣ֮ЩĦǿ϶ٲ˵ģǣڹؼʱŽĻֻõĹˣ˭ָǼвأ
ˣַŻʱľ˳
ڵˣ˵ȫǽһ֧ţ˽壬˿϶ͻ᲻ڣ
Щˣ˵ûгʲô෴ģܹܵıӻ
ȻָܹﲻŽ˸ʲô𣿲ڧǾͲˣ
Ȼǿ㣬Ҫ֧ԮһֻŽĶ飬ܹ𣿣
ϣˣ
Եһ˵ˣɫЩȻ
˵ȻǼˣǵȷûиʲôףˣǻڶĺִܻ֣˲ƣôǶôЦ飡
ҵȲ
ʮԪĬĬĶһۣڳ޵ɫ࣬ͬʱŽ壬һϵס
ҪһŽһµˣ𣿡
ˣƵȻǹһĨǳǳĻȣǺת
ܣ
ʮԪͬһ¡
˿̣ͻȻָоҲеĳԹƺҲǺѵ顣
󣬷ҲûСóһͷڳ֮ʯռɱԶɸֲʽһԪϱһ٣£ġ
ȻڷƽһƬ¶ǵʱһЩһθ
ܣȴЩһƺô翣׽ƺʵĴڣؼһֻ֮Ѹٵ뵽ѪҺУӶڵÿһ䡭
ĸоõķƱ۾ϸĸĺô
ƺƣң˵ӦҲܣֻǿ棬һƬȴõķĶõĸо
֪ΪΣܾԼڽĳʱ䣬ֻǣʱĺôʲôȴ֪ܵ
ôˣ
𣬽˹
û¡
΢΢һЦٴμһƬС
󣬻صԼڣƱѸٵ˴ϡ
ڷţָоֲͬܵƺǲ׽ԣҪҳ

ĺ˿֮󣬷˱ǷȥϢƳҲıϣȫڣÿһ缡⣬ÿһÿһѪҺÿһϸı仯
ھǴδ֮ʱǵõһʵ˿̣ܹܵÿһϸ̺
ûдȣǰ츳ϣʱڵÿһϸƺӵּ츳
ȫͬͼǰһͼ飬ıͻܵصĴˣңͼַǻ᲻ڣ
ȴһÿһϸЯǿķԣԳףӵиߴ߽׵ʵ
ϸĹ۲һڵ֮ûʲôƱǽȫһϸСϸ֮ϡ
ǲɼϸ̽£ȴ޵һתС磬ԼеĹɡ


1783 
ˡˡˡ
ƵʣѪҺתϸСҲ˶ţһڷļ䡣
̣İ෴ģúϤңС򻯳Ϊ޵ĲЩ֮
ɲУ޵츳ƣΪһ壬΢΢Ĳ䣬һХ쳹Ϣ
һ΢СϸϼʱƲûиܵʲô֮ͬõһɻ
ǹܾʲô
Ҳ𰸣ܵĳΣΪܸͲڣ
һΣƺҲǸˣĵڷڴ죬һֱڹ۲ͬһϸ
ֻǣȴûκνܣҲټ粻һ
ô
󣬷Ʋ۾һƬãɫ
Ѿ쵽ԶƬĲͬܣǣȴӰ٣ǲ⡣
Ժʷϣϸκδ𰸣Ϊûƹ顣
С򣡡
ͻȻ֮ƵС򣬷Ʊֱӽӻק˳
ʵҲǺ˵ܣͲһҲû
СԻĽüͷ΢΢ÿһĿڷɨš
ӸŷƿʼϷ˸ָ飬ܹе𾪣˵ѭ֮
ƸһָопܷƵĳɾͻᳬ֮
ȻҲúܲʵϾ֮Ѿߵ֮¼޵ĴڣȴΪںԵʣ޷ƽһ
ȻȴָоҲܹƽ֮·
Ҳ֪
üͷЩ
ǿ֮ݺµĴڣʲôûȻƫƫȴҲܺͷˡ
ƾãܵп϶̺һܣܹƿزõĻ벻ĺô

Ƴһɫ֮СЩ̫ȷ˵ǱܺƣңܣǱܸΪȫ棡
˵䣬СԼƺЩţɣνܣз˵ô
ǿʵһܹ˲޸ڵһдˣӶĪĺôֱȫλǱı֣
Ǳܣһ翵ĶȻڣǣȴû˶ܹһͷǵ֮Ҳ׷ݣȴҲûаɹ
ǱֶƺֻУңƺÿһ˶߱ǣȴÿһ˶ܹǱܣֻһЩ֮£ܵصĴ̼ΣĹͷǱܲŻᱬ
ǿƿصĻ֪
֮Ҳоܳһʱ䣬ȻûжٽչȷǣǱйϵģ
˵䣬Сɫƺ뵽˵ǵԼΰӰ¶źȻ
ܹţȻǺãǣγ뵱֮һͬȥδ֪ѣ
ʱҲһĥ
ΪŮ洹Ĺϵ
⻰΢΢һУЩ䡣
ڹ̫ˣûܹȷǾ治ڣ֮ΪŮ洹ԭôпԶҲҲ𰸡
еϵ
СƳһۣȻ֪Щʲô˵񻰴˵УŮ洹һɣ֮жϣǱܣӦ࣡
ࣿ
ЩĿĿſȴ֪˵ʲô
ʵĴڣңŮʯɣ֮õʱ򣬱ϸ˽һƺνǱܣ൱̲صЩ֮
СЩҡͷԵ˵ţʵԼҲһ֪⣬ʱΪ֮Ϊ׽ˣЩأ֮Ҳûж
൱е
һ
࣬񻰴˵УҲûйļأûŮ洹ഴĴ˵˸֪Ĵڡ
ΪŮ洹Ҫഴ壬ȴҲһԣܹ⿪
ΪܹһɼĲﵱ̲صȻҲ򵥣
СԣǱܾ൱еô˵ܹͬʱҲ֤壬ȷģ


1784 
࣬ôģûܹ֪ҲŮ洹ڴʱó֮󾿾ûʣģҲûκμءֻȫʢʱڣ֮ȴҵһ飬ңһ룬֮һŮʯ
Կɼ൱̲صԷǱѰ
ңܴƵĺôһǰδеôϲ⣬ܣܹ֮ƿأҲܹŮΪλഴԵɣ
ϾΪŮ洹ԭ򣬵ûѣΪ壬Ҫ֪еԭЩ뽫ūۣ
֪жѣ
ˣûܹŪŮ洹ΪҪԵɣͷö֮Ҳûˣ
ֻʱ˿̣ȴӿôһͷ
Ȼ˭˵Ů洹ΪҪܹĲϣ˷ڴһ֮ϣ
֮ǰҲӦòǱ֮ϣǣС˵Ǳ൱̲ص֮ãŮ洹֮ԴпܾҪܹƿ൱̺
û֪ģҲֻؼһ챦ѣҲҲŮ洹һԣҲ
Ҳ˵ǽǱԶȻҲͷ𣿡
Ƴĺ˿ѹеָ֣ƽĿһԵС
Ӧ
С˼Ȼ󻺻ĵ˵ͷ
ǱܹƿصĻ̫ˣ޵ȥܹˣ
ô룬СҲ̲ס˸ͻȻãʵǸµ壬Ϊǵϣ̲ΪؼΪ츳
ֻǺܿϧ츳ȴǲƿضѣȻΪˣ
Ｋط
ԭӦΪǿ壬ȴΪ츳޷ԣǱųǰһٶȥ
ôͽ
жȻһͷҪ֮ж
ʲô
СЩȻĿƺҪʲô
ֹΣΣʱ̲ų֣ԣҪٴν뵽ּܵ״̬ϸܵĴڣ
һ򾲵Ŀ˵š
ʵ
С֮󣬲˵֮Ҳôȴûн
𣿡
üͷһС˵ѣ֮ȻоǱܣǿ϶ͻôǣȻҲ֮壬ȴǵ֮
ܹ֮ܵǱܵĴ𣿡
һ仰õС޴ӷ󣬻ǴӦ˷Ƶ
ѡ
Сǰһ㣬ƵǱһŽɫ֣һ
ҿʼʩѹˣ
Ż䣬ǲŷƵĽǱĸΪˣͬʱһɰѹѹˮһĴʮȫλѹŷƣƺҪշڣµĹǷһЩġ֮֨
ܵ˵ѹ֮󣬷Ʋţ෴кƽңǳԼڣϸĸŴʱڵһЩ仯
С򲻶ϵʩѹǱʮɽѹסһЩԴϢ壬ҲΪܵ˾޴ѹѹЩΣѹ֮ƺҲļΪƺʱпܻѿ
ɿɡ
ƻĲţҧأȫѹѹˣȫҲǱεļΪƺ챻ѹˡ
ȴûнͣСҲΪҪ󣬲ûнѹȥ෴ģڻѹ
͡
ʱڷƵϱ뿪һɲ˿ڣѪӿģǯ}ˣϢ¼ȥЩޡֱ뵽˻ԵУ

ˣСֱӱѹҵһĨڣޱȵķƣҲ̲ס΢ҡҡͷ
ӣ
󣬷ϵ˿ڻϣҲ˹۾˵ô
Ǵڻ֮ǰǰһ룬ǷڣȻȴûо쵽ܵĴڡ
Ҳ˵ûмǱܣ
СӵĿһ֮󣬲˵ϾʵΣǱܣǱ봦ʵΣͷпܱϾǱһ˵ʶЩϵģΪʶͷһ֣ǱȻͲᱻңÿһεΣͷԼǱܵģ


1785 ʶ뱾
ѡ
һһΣƲûоʹ˷ÿһζŪĻѿһϢԶճȴûаջܣƺʧһڡ
ѵνǱʶйأ
һδӻԵһĨȻüͷ΢΢
νһ˵ʶž൱Ǳڵıܣ㿴ĳһΣյĶĵ׾ͻʶһҪԶͷңΣյĶ㣬ΪںˣΣյʱ֮£һ˵Ǳܲпܱ
˶٣Сһ䣬֮£һ˵Ǳܱļ֮һ
֮࣬ʮǿ϶еģ֮£ж뵽ΣйǣмΣľмǱԾȵģ
̫ˣҲ֮һļʶƾȻ˺üΣļʣȷЩ˼顣
ôͣ
֮ⷬ󣬷ҲǾúһʱڣоȻҪȥͷ
Ͼּʵ̫ˣȥԼ뵽ʵΣȥһѣΪҲȷľǷĿԼǱܣܵĻǰˣ
ðȻôҲĲ̫ں˷Ų¡
ȿȡ
С֮󣬼˵ԭģЩ⣬ΪûܹǱܣ㣬ֹǼΣܹʵĸܵǱܵĴڣԣҾãǰϰ취նһܣڣпܱˣܹĥһЩҲ˵ء
š
˼Ƶ˵ͷңҲһֱôġ
ʵʵΣ࣬ңƺÿһδΣͷǿҵʶҪԾȵʱǹܱǻ֣
ԣǼΣͷƶܵǱܴĺô
ֻʵ෴ģܱļȴƺ֮±ˣ
ҲС˵ΪǱʶãԼʵѾȫϵߣûвԼǾҲеܹԣܱǲٳ֣
ȻѾˣǱʶҹȴǲȥȻðȥˡΪʱܹģֻа벽ۣ
Ȼʱȥǰ벽۵Ļ뵽УǱܣѵܹǿĹ벽۲ɣ
ԣðյļƻҲֻܸǳˡ
ס֮ÿԶΪʳÿʱǻӦЩֱ뵽ÿһϸΪֹ
ȻûжĽչǣȴ÷ĥһЩͷ
Ǿǣ֮ܲ췣һʵʵĴڣԿļšεģͺͨҪԷӪͻԶ͵ÿһϸУԣжϳνܣ൱Ǿһ˵ıʣ⣬ܣʵѾõˣֻǣֱǿĶѣпܣʵѾֱܵĺôֻǺѣ
ջ
һ֮󣬷ƱûмϾˣһķȹ֮ϣ
Ѿȥһ£߸£߸º󣬻սڵ̶̵߸ڣҪԼǿܹʥ۷ŽǿߵĵزȻȥʸûУ
Ƽ߸ʱ֮ºܿ͹ȥˣƣСĸ£ǽȹ̣һ¥ﵽʥ۷׵ĵزϷħϵƣ񣬶ϺԣҲǲ̫ѹˣ
ˣ
ڷֻʱ˵ʱ򣬷ƲǴ״̬˳
ʱϢΪˣϵǵѰͨһûκεĲ
΢Ҳ֤Ѿܹȫٷ֮پȷĿĿǰܡ
൱׵ģСڣӵоϵķƣҲ㡣

³һڵ֮󣬷ƱǴӴ£Žסȥ
ΣΪҪ˴ǰԣͬеУ廹˺һʥ۷Ž׵ĳϣһͬǰųǣ
ڴʱȴǲ֪Ϊֵ̫֮󣬰ȣȴѾǰ죡
˳֮ȴǷ֣Ѿһǰͳˣң֪٣һڶûзأ
ѯʲŵ֪ƺ˽гȥģֻʱȴҲûȷʵȥõ˶Щҡ


1786 СϢ
ųڣʱȴַǷΪ֮վҪˡ⣬ҲΪȱǰ嶼׼ྫӢԪϣǴӰ½һʱڣųǿ͡
ĶһȴǾڰΧңȣҲڰһĿռھУ
ȻʵûʵǣˣҲܵ˼ĴѹȻɳΪųǣǣʵ󲿷ַΧһЩƿصС
͹ȥˣƬؼǣ磬ңڰ½У˾൱ǵ֮ۡÿһӵгʵʮּɵ꣡
Ѿˣǵȣ֮ϣ

ʱڣ˻ʸ󻤷ҲӰ½ڵ֪ƻûй֮ҲüͷЩǷƵİΣ
Ͼ磬һ߽پ˳ߣΣϵǼġ
ǵ㣬ԣǴӰڸ˳
Ʋû˵ԼһЩΪȻҲƾȥʲôˡ
紫ķзĳ֮¼֮ƿ϶˶˰
ֻǣ˭֪ͨ˷ƣ㣬ȴǲ
оգ
ѩ۲һ֮󣬵ó˽ۡһѩĮҲǳǳĵͷͬ˵
ʱ˲˿
ǺƸΪʲôû洫ų֮ڰǰͲ𣿡
ü׷ʵ

ѩҡҡͷ˵ܱ׼ΪǵԵʣ٣иûСȷǣڲûΣգ룬Ȼ˳֮¼һͻڿ֮֮ǰϻģ
֮֮ǰҪȣ
¹һĶͷվš
Ͼǰֻڰڽͨ棬˸֪飬ԣڿ֮ոϻĻǻˣ
һΣǴˣǿҪһˣ
ǹZüͷҲɵ΢ȴҲû˵ʲôڣʱ˳ĬС
֪Ƹʲôˡ
⿴ԶֵĽֵã૳
ʱ˲һѡ
԰ڣܸıʲôֲڰ߲УڶһĿռڣʵܵκεĽûʥ۷Ž׵ʵȥ棿
뵽棬˱ͻˣҲûмȥ
Ҫͦǰʮǿɲһ׵飬һ壬Ǿͱƴһ
ڼ˵ǧٿ׵壬Ƿڡ
ϾȻ֮壬ǣǵ֮񡭡ûгɳ
ˡ
ڴʱȴǴŵ

ѦƳһ⣬˵
ˣѾˡ
һΪͨ˽˵
˵
һ۶ںߵͷ֮Ѧٴγ
ڰ˸ǰƳ˰֮󣬱һӽ뵽У֮󷽲ųӶȥڵʱܵɱȴͬеӽ
˵֮ʱҲ¶ŨŨ֮ɫ
Ϊ˻ʸ鱨Ա봺ʸȻһ
Ȼǲ֪ӾȻܹڣ˵˵ݶǼΪңһЩСϢǵ֪һЩ궼Ϊ֮飡
󣿡
ʱԾһЩ仯ϾʣֻҪ˶Ƿǡ
磬ʱһȴ¶һĨɻɫǶԷƵ˽⣬Բ˲Ŷԡ
л׶ˣȴ¶һĨɫ
ٺ١󰡣ǿǸõط
¹ذͣһɫֻûлˡ
˵еʥأ˶ҪӵһˡϾǼܹõˣܹõҪ֪鱨˫Ӯ֮£
ȿȡ
Ϊطǹΰ˼˵񻽻أȻֱӱǶʵǸͬеӵûе
һ仰ʵصϣпܣһеɵ㶼ӵϽ⿪
ֻЩСϢ
ӳ˳񣬱ǻ˵ţ˽봺֮дһ֮ƵĴֹʱųӵܷһЩͻǵĴţΪ죡


1787 źƷ
죬ֿǣΪڴѦ˵ȴ׹
֮֮һǵõ¼Ϊߵµκˣ
ˣǶΪ֮ͷʹܹʶһ׮£
ȷǸ죿
ѦĺЩ٣Ŀӡ
ȷ
ֱ£صĵ˵ͷ
ȻǾ෽֤ʵȻҲ֮˵
˻
õȷѦ̲סһһƬϲõɫ
ʲô£ǺҲ
Ǻ̲ܵסѯʵ
ͬʱ˵ĿⶼǼѦϣȴĻش
Ͼǿڵķƣǲ߱봺ʸģһеԵɣӦöϡ
أһΪһЩСµĽǶͷϴҵǸ
Ѧĺ˿ѹе֮󣬲ǽ¼˵˳
ʱ˵ҲһƬ𾪣͸¶һĨɫ
Ȼ֮⣬ЩԣҲ׶һʲôĸ
벻СӲűȻʶ
¹ؿֹţȴ˸˷ܵɫ
Ȼ첻µزµԸǱȽͣҲҪʶһ
ϵЦԾŨֻ࣬ûֿЦˡ
֮ΪѣǾ͵ڶһϣǴЩڰС˭Ҷ
ȻֹϵҲпܻ֣֮Ͼ˭ȷûΪеĴڣκβ죬ѵκβ壿
ԣֹϵҪã
Ǽһ治һĺá
л׶˶ԷƵʱǳ׵ķˣоǰ·һƬ
ֻйZȴһĨ˼
ΪǶѵҲôΪʵµ£ͷϴĿԻûУ
ôʲô£
ЩֹģѦһʵ
ˣߵʱ򣬲ԷΪǡƷ٣
ѹ˵ţڵѹֲס
֣˶ֻҪ΢ܹ֪һеϢϾ¼ҲǴ
ʲôȻǸƷ٣
Ѧסˣ৵һ¾վһ𺳵ĿӣֵļΪʧ̬
޷ţϾƷٿǲһ֮ưʥصǿҾݴһͷֲٻޣȰ벽۵Ĵڣһλ벽۽ʥصɽŶˣ
ôҲ벻ķȻǷƣ
Ѧϣô£
ڰ½ЩȻǲ˽⣬ʱɵ׷ʵҲͬˣЩеĿҪõ
Ʒ٣֮ӵ
Ѧĺ˿ǴŲ˵ôһ仰ţһԼȥ
ʮǰڶһ£֮һʥأɽţ֮һͽкƷ٣
ѹеļЩĽʱ¼ϸ˵һ顣
˻
⣬˶̲סһ
µˣֹǽʶ֮ӣȻʶ벽ۣ֮һͬҶɽţ飬˵ǰ½ˣЩ֮ҲҵĹԹԣûǴĻǼһﵱǴʥ𣿻治±˲
¹صԲ۾૳һƬ𺳵ɫ
Ǽֱ޷󣬵Ǵʥ׾ķƣġ
رǽʶ벽ۣ
ʲô
ںɣܹʥױ˵Ŀˣڰ½ܹΪʥһ⡣
Ȼ벽ۣ˶ûмǾֽؼΪǿĴڣ
Ľ˵£ǰ϶ʱ¶һĨЦݣһޱȡ
ԣ㣬ƴӦȥλ벽ڵڿ֮տ϶᷵ء
УӶԷƵĳƺ棬Ǽ˴֣ʾء
ţ
Ѧ˵ͷƳһɴ𾪵еĶ֮󣬳ӻ˻֣ȥɣһʧͨ
ǣ
ӹӦһ˿ˮת߳˷䣬Ҵ˷š


1788 һϲһ
һϵеϢõжޱȵ𾪣ͬʱ磬ĶԺ
ֻǣһ뵽һﾹȻ˴󣬶һ˴һˣõЩᣬ֮һҪǸĵļһÿ
ٺ٣СʶţƵǰʮνˣѵһçһ廹ǶŸɲɣ
¹һ˷ܵţ˼뵥ƺΪʶһλ벽۾Ϳͳһȫһ
ֻ仰֮󣬲ǶѦλ˻ʸԪϼɫȴ
ܹʮǿܹ֪أңҪǡ
˵ţѦĻһͣûм˵ȥǽĿ˶ϡ
ȿȡ
һɨһ֮ȴǺ˵ǰʮ壬ǷֹǸѣԣԵĻһҪᵽǰʮ
һõ˶Ĭȥ
ǰʮ壬ֻǸѵĻôڶΪλ˶ҲһеѪƴ
ȻįˣǣҲйĻԻͣҲһƬؼˣΪؼĵһˣȻܹϸһЩܡ
޷ģҪʮ꣬ʵ⼸ʮʱ䣬ܹ̫ˣܶ飬ҲΪ֮󣬶ڸȥ
ǣǰʮ壬ʸȥӴЩأӶԻøĻԵ
Ϸģǻᾡġ
һۣص֤
Ǻǣ޷ʵҲ̫ðգ࣬ٵȰ꣬ţǸʱǾܹ𣿡
⻰ɫǻЦ⡣
һˣǿģܹڼʮھӵ˳ɾͣǼȼָе𾪡
ţٹ꣬ǰһͿԳΪԺ˻ʸ֧
ѩѩĮȴЦ⣬෴ģüͷǽˡ֣ƺڿЩʲô̸۵鶼ûйȥע
ֻ£ܵȵһˣ
ѩѩĮһۣǿ˶ԷڵǣѩΪصĿ˵пڰڣд·ԣŵǰʮֻ»ᶪȻ
ȻĲ࣬ǣʱ칬ߵȴ֪һЩΪ˲֪顣
飬ѩĮҲ֪
칬Ϲ˵Ⲣпģ칬µԤԣֻÿһ칬ſഫҲпƵһЩ߶ѡ
ʱ֪ԤԵѩ࣬ȻҲзһЩ
Ըжϴˡ
뵽ǸԤԣѩҲֻš
籾ʣѩһص֮ǽѾ˵ڵĻָ˻ȥ
ҲֻܾΪ
ûΪѩ˵һջƾ޾ݣ෴ģѩ˭
칬û˳ߣһΣΪ칬ȴýųأ
У϶ԭģңѩ࣬ѩĮƺΧͬһߡƣ
ӣһҲֻܿϷˡ
¹ֹһ䣬Щй
սǿ͵ĳ棬ҪģǣʱȴΪԵʣֻܸǳˣ
μӰȵˣͣʥ۷ĴڣȻǵʵǣȴҲ޷Խһȼ
ֲ࣬ǷҲԽˣ͸˵ˡ
л׶ˣҲͬˣҲܹǣϾ̫ˣǵ䣬ܹӵ־磬Ѿ൱ˣǷڴǰÿһ嶼ҪصĶ
ȻڣΪڷƵĹ⻷£ԣǲԵЩƽ˶ѡ
֮Ҳû˼ȥչأϾھȣֻһˣʢ٣ǲУֻҪܹԹۣʶǿߵĽ棬˵ҲǺаģ
һڣӸǵ鵽ˣƵȷ뽭壬ȥ˳֮򣬶ңû⣬ƾ뽭ǰˡ
ңڳ֮¼УҲ˳ͷ֮һˣ
Ȼ˻ûüϲͬʱһϢȴõݱѡʸ˫ĶԹ
ڳ֮Уʸ˫ҪնɱƵ飬ν˾֪ˣңʸ˫ȵˣҲ¶ǰ
һͷĴˣɲǺ飬˵ֻҪһ仰ǻᱻǧǧΧֱ


1789 
˿̣Ѿ֪ϲˣʶǺãǣʸ˫Թȴģ
Ȼõǰĵǣƺǻʸ˫ȣû˶չĳЩѹж
룬ĸĻʸ˫϶ҪԼʵƣ
Ͼһ֮ŮĻǸ֪ˣʸ˫κβһͬǿߣ
ֹǻʸ˫˵ȵÿһˣǼΪӵģʸ˫
ʸ˫ѵǶʸҵˣ
ʣüһĨ
δ֤ʵ
ҡҡͷ˵пǻʵȻûй˵ʸ˫ҲһλѵһŮòڴһˣ죬֮ӣкøУԣǲҪȣҪǣпܻʸ˫׷߻Ըֺûʸ˫
ΣȻ岻мһˣԶ֣ǣʸ˫Щʹȴ˵
˾νģ
벻ͨĵطң˶ԷƵ˽⣬Ӧòһçײ֮˲Ŷԣ¶ԷԻʸңҲᾡı⡣
֪
ҲǿЦѣӦڶ򣬵ʱƴ˳ڶʱ򣬻ʸ˫ǸʱҲþʹڶ򣡡
飬Ȼ˵˵ǻʸ˫Լǽ𡣶ʸ˫Լǲȥ
ɸĴڣǷƶЩ飬˹
ô鷳£˵ʸ˫Ǹ÷Сϱͳˣٺ٣ֱȫ
˵ʸ˫ò봺һŮȣһ¹رվƺҪ¶ԼǵһʵУȴûӵ˲Ÿô롣
ңŮǶ¶ΣյĿ⣬õһֱӱǳȥ
ǴţȴǿһϤӰſڴš
Сӣ
ǰϤӰ¹صԲ۾ƺڿһͷϡжһ
֡
΢΢һЦƳһۣȴǷ֣ƺЩԡ
ٺ٣㰡
¹ǰֱӱǸһܱһ˫ɰСȭͷõġ顯죬л˵ţˣֱǸﰡ˵㾿ʸ˫ôˣһҼҲҪ׷ɱ㣿
һЩС¶ѡ
Ǻݺݵĳ˳飬ȥֱĿ⣬һѽ֮ƿҺݺݵĵһۣ߽˷ڡ
Ҫ˵ȥ𣿣λ޾ͻҪ
ӳ֮󣬷ƾûٽȥ񣬾͸Ӳˣԣ¹ܹ֪Щ飬ùľȣ
ƺǽĲŷȥңڹ۲쵽ľʱһǲ¶ȵɫرǶѦʹʥ۷徳ϵˣһĲ˼顣
һǰȥʱ򣬷Ʋٰ߽˽׾磬Ȼڣ̶̵һʱڣȻĸС磬һ󾳽磬뵽ʥ۷׵ĵز
ֻֽˣ
СԭҪӭӷƵģǣȴסʹһɫ֮˲¶һͬɫ
ܴô߼ܹһ֮أڲһһָԺ󻹻ʲôأ
֣߽۷壿ǡ
л׶۲ã޷֮󣬲ʵ
ڲ߽߽׾ѣȻ޷ƷƵʵҲͬˣܹƷƾģҲֻжѦѡ
ʥ۷壬ף
ܵ磬Сɫ֮󣬷ӣȥֱǣУҲûаԵ֮⡣
ʲô
л׶˶ʱ;𺳣Ǿ÷ûбҪѵĻζʵ
Ů⻰Ҳ¶ȵɫŵԹҲʱ׿ˡ
ϾһˣҲһ˴ﵽٰ߽˽׶ѣˣ߽ףǻӵеľȣֱǲʮǧ
ҵθԹԣСǸﰡ
վſڵ¹ĿĿǰǺܸߴıӰ૳ŷƵĿ⣬뿴ûʲô
¾Ƿƴﵽ߽۷壬ǶܹܣϾǰƾôģǣδҲ̫˰ɣ
ǽ뵽߲ʱ䣬ΪֹҲǾѣ
߽꣬ٳףȻʥ۷ףֽȣõ֮࣬޷Լʱ顣


1790 ƹ
ƺΪ˸һ棬ԣǰ磬ûжѣ෴ģߣֻϵֻǯܷܷ֣ȴ÷ף黹û꣡
ʱ˿ЦΨпЦҲȥʲô
û뵽ȻҲһֻĸϻʧ߰
֮СȻܹȴҲû˭ֻǣ¹ǼһȴվűֻһǲЦţķҸʱһɽǡ
ͬʱڽ̸䣬Ҳŵ֪ȾȻǰ죬ⲻ죬ǷҪǰֻǻδˣ
ȡǰʮ𣿡
Ŷʻ˵Ŀⶼ˷żϡ
ܣ
Ƶͷ࣬ȴ͸¶һζ
ǶЩ壬ǿߵʥ۷Ž࿹οǰ½һЩССϺ
ǣ֮壬Ȼţܹκˣ
һ֣õ˶裬رǶϸ¶һĨĵЦ⡣
ܼҲҪһ
͵Ը̫ʧܣ˶ѾʧȥģȻǿƵĺճȴǸ˶һĨϣҲܹ漣ķ
л׶ˣȻûоһջΪ̫಻ܵ飬һҲˡ
죬ѹеļ֮󣬶ŷʵλ벽أ
ϣ
ӣֻڰųסˡ
򣬲κ˽룬Υ߾ҪΪУֵ̫Ҳûǿ
Ŷԭˡ
뵽˰Ĺ涨֮󣬶Ȼĵ˵ͷ
֮Ĵȣ˲ܲ룬ԣ·ʶǿҲ˰

󻤷ģǾԵѣ
Ȼ֪ڵʲôű֤
Ǿͺá
ЦŵͷƳ֮󣬱˵ȥæɣ׼һǰˣ
ã
΢΢ĳ˳飬ӵұ磬滹СΣһͬĳŲԶһСԺȥ
ú󣬷ڱǱһЦ
ǿˣһԼ߰
һ뷿ڣʱʱͻޣһĿһɨţõķһëȻ
Ͼ˿µ˰
˵ֽʶ˶ٸ֪
ֱǲƵʵЩͱˡ

ƵĿЩȥ˫ӣк˵ûʵ֪
˵Ǽ
Ҳڽµȹ͹Ե쾡£ǰһ˫˵˫壬˱Ƕ㣬õķͷȣֱľͷǶ԰˵˫ϣõԭϣʱһĨ˵糺졣
ʵˣ
һֱܷܷӾ˸ʮĶתõĳ۵ֱ
ǻˣζҲϲˣĴܲߣ
СںƲҲǺۿ
Ҳ̫ƸԼ۰
ðɣʵ
һɥǸǹһĨЦȻɨһ۹Ů֮󣬲Ǳȳһָ˵һ
ϸ˵ȷһʸ˫졭ɣ
ʵ
ҲǰһߵҲ˸ʮȣʹˣڶ򶫶봺һ˶ɹһҹ˵ûУ

ſڣҪȴǷ֣Լ޴ӱ⡣
ȷڴĹ뷿ɹһҹǣʲôҲûֻǣֻ˵ȥ
һˣȻµһˣǣ紺־ɫУܹ֮ģǶһˡ
˾ɫͬһң˭ʲôҲû
ǼֱͲˣ
ҡ
˵ʲôû
ϾǲƣҪˡ
治֪Ǵһǲ۾Ϲˣô֮ӣƫƫѡ㣡
ҲһԲ޵ĺߺ߳Ũ
ðɣһ
˵ı֮£ҲֻЭˡϾڶǰΨдһΪ棬ֻҪĲʯͷģж
˴죬ǻʸ˫˵ûʲô
ʣһңԸԼһ׷ɱ㣬ȴ˵ԭп϶вɸ˵ܣ
ֱʯˣ


1791 
ȷҲܶԣʸ˫ȻôҪǧУȴһֱϽеԭ򹫲Ǿֻ˵еԭڣ
ʱıʣܹ˿ڣ
˵˵ֱŮܹŵĹ
ʩһΣҪǣǧ򲻸ãȻղ˻ʸ˫˽ܵ
ԣǴڣԼʩ
㾿ʲôôѿڣ
ͻȻ۹ͷߣ˵䣬ֱ˴ڷϣǹ˼СֻͻΪˣ
ʱ򣬷ƲΪСγˡ
ֱԤԼˣå
ȼ֮õķΨпЦˣֱֻܽվԭأĥˡ
ûʲô
˵ţΪ䴫ʹһ졣
˵ϣȻߴӢҪȫˣ
ֻʸ˫ѾģĲԼºˣҲ˵塣
Ƹ磬ѵĻ𣿡
ͻأģ˫ˮڱһˮſǻͷĿҼ

ֱĿɿڴĿգ۾ΪԼһ
ǰһ뻹װͰ͵ĸϻһͱһСŮˣԿ
۾ģĶˣȥοȴĵȥơ
ӣڨڨһЦ
һжΪԼ봺Եʣʵ봺ʱ򣬾Ԥϵˣǧ򲻸õǣڴ봺쳩̸һҹ
ðɣ̹ס
ҲۺƵʱ򣬷ƾͶˡ
ҲãҲգԳΨǼŮ˿ο⻹Լװӡ
˵
ԣŮϵһգǶݺݵĵƺа֣ͻÿһ
ײɸ
ǴһĨЦ˵Ȼ󣬲֪ΪΣɸͱ桭
ָָԼԴٺͱʥΧɱڱΧСʸ˫ңǣĿģͬɸ
û˵ȥǽɸһЩŸ˵˳
ѵʸ˫Ҫ׷ɱΪɸ
绹Щţɵɨš
ţž
ƺĵ˵ͷȷҲ񶨡
˵ѵĻԺ󱻲֤֮ǿ϶ܸĿ̣
ңָ֪пὫЩǡ
ֿԲûУǺܴ
ţ
ȴǾеĲͬʱ΢΢ֻԭûбҪ뽫ذɣ
зЩʣҲϽɸԷһЩͻ֪ģȵˣҪˡ
תһпܵɡ
ȻһŮĺһеһ𣬷ʲôһŮļǺأ
ǲռıˣ
۾ٴ۽ŷƵ۾ƺҪȷûѡ
Ǹ֪ģ£İ
Ҳֻţ˵ʱʵˡ
ŸоԼĽޣĺܣҲǰ
ԣȻʸ˫ĺ֪Ҳǣ֮ǰ˵һ˭
ȷӦ˹۾޳ĽëһֻСһ
ԣ̹״ӿ
һҲǺܾǣܿͬˡ
ǡһˡ
ǴһĨŨŨĿЦڣ¶Ǹεɫ
ֹǶĵģҲǶԼ޵ģԼӦ飬û
ڳ֮Уʸ˫ȻŹλᣬԣ˹ڰʥƿ䣬ͬʱҲʥ۷塭
֮£ǲ˵Ҳ֮ᷢʲôˡ
׶ˣ
õҲһ졣
ռҽأһôԴԼģɲǡ
ѵ˲ǻʸ˫Ǳˣ
һȻĿĿĺǹŹ֡
š
Ƶ˵ͷֱǡ졣
ʱֵ˵ˣǿ֪ƿǺֵܣңŷȥ֮ġ
ʱ˵ĿӵĹŹǹ졣
аŮװ
ξڨڨ˵ԭģֻǻͬʱҲͷ֮һˡ
ûˣû㸺𣿡
ɫǸӵƳģ֪ƿ϶Ųˡ
ûС
¶һĨţɫҲЩȻ


1792 
ƺĵķӦףΪβ֣ƺҲ֪ɼһ
ҲǿԼǱ
Ʋûôĵ츳ͬңԼ֮ϣԣ˵ǱӦҲ˵ȥ
ʲôԭ򣬼Ȼ˵ˣҪԼΪö飬ͻôȥңȫԸ
ڷƵ̹ףҲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ϾȻʸ˫ܹƱƵòڰʥĵزɼɾѾǾȻ֪б׶ˣôգ
ƲѡöʥĻǺпܣѾ𵱳ˣ
ͬҲǲԸġ
ڷ˵ĵһУҲ֪˵ʲôá
˵ĲûңĻƵʱԤƶ߻ħӶΪǾʧĶħصĻ
ԣǲģң෴ıмС
СվǺ󷽣ƣֿ˿ǣһãȻڸ鷽棬㣡
ζȳȥɡ
ŮѾʦģƱǳ˰֣ʾ˳䡣
Ŷ
ڷƲο۰ԼСι˫һǻ˳ȥ

ʱƲ˿۽͵͵ƳһλŨĽޣƤȥӵ뻳С
ȻտʼŮЩǣ΢ǿ£һſһؿڣ˵СèһҼ
Ҳãίˡ
º͵֮ǽԼһЩȫ˳
Ȼǳ»ʸ˫ЩƬΣ
رǣ봺һУȫгûа
ľȻȥ۸Ůӣ
̧ͷһŹֵĿƺЩš
ɿˣǵС֣м£ӣġǰƢܹŹֵġ
Ҳ˵ӵܣأ˼ɡ
֪Щʵ磬΢ĵͷɵĻåΪ
ϾһŮӣȻ˽뵽֮صУڳ˿Ƿ˼顣
ڷܰʥһԪϽɱʱʮˣȻʹһŮӳ飬ԴˣҲǳĬȥ
ԣѴƿء
һ棬ֱˡ
ſڣŮǲ˵ʲôֻǣüȴһĨǡ
ʲôط˵䲻ģֻһ֮أǣ˭֪Ƕ䶼Ҫ˱ᣬ֣ΪһŮˣȥôһǾԲǵģ
Ȼ쵱ֹͷΪƳͷ磬Ҳ˵÷ƾ鲻ܵĻ
վĵ̫ˣǻˣСʧ顣
󣬲Ϊκ˿ͷһôʰԣҪôǾԻҪܴŭ
İɣҲçײġ
ϴŰοɫ΢΢һЦԵг
жرԹػıԣ
ִֻ㣬ҲðȻ£Ҫаյʱ򣬲ȻȲ컹һߣֻ»ὫԼҲȥпܣ۵Լϵеˡ
Ƹ磬ʹûʲô𣿡
ķʣŮһŹֵĿ
֪Ƕˣɫǰûܹܵ˵ջ󣬲ȴˡ
ҲǷ
ƵԲ۾վץסֱӳŴȥú󣬴齼֮תת

һʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˣһ죬ʲǷΧ˶׷׳Űȥ
ڷӷ߳ʱ򣬱ǿȺ㣬Ӹ಻ϵĳͬһн棬Ϊ׳ۡ
ŵɨһ֮󣬷ƱܹȷһβμӰȵˣԹߣԲһˣ
վ˻ʸƬڵˣЩȺȣȴٵĿľǾţ֮һë
˻ʸҲǼ˶ѣңﵽʥ۷ģûж٣Ǽʮ˶ѡ
ֱܳƺᣡ
Ȼֻ˻ʸһ֧ѣϾĸ޸һЩ֧ǻǿǿܹһǧʥ۷֮˵ġ
ˣ޷ȣϾϣ岢ռƣֻڴһЩӵһϯ֮λ


1793 
Ȼδ֮գȴѾһƬ˳ۿȥһƬѹѹĺ
ЩڵЩˣȴûйȥע
ʱҲûԸǰ壬Ͼܹ黹ǰĵ̣ǵòô
Ȼʵձƫͣǣȴٱ
ңΪȣڰھУõˣ׵ûȤȥעĶ̬һķڿ֮յĲϡ
죬ǿ֮ˣǲǵ

ʱЩ˻ʸ˵壬Ҳǿ£˹Ȼ˻ʸʱֵʥ۷ǿԶҪ࣬ȴûС˻ʸʵ뷨ͷ
ҲΪǵĿ£˻ʸԭĶ飬ʱͱӴΧЩǿ塣
ûйݽֻһصɨÿһ˵ӣȻǳ˵ߣ
Ĵ£˻ʸĸ޸һЩǿ߾ۼһȻ󣬻ҲûйĽһȺ˱ȺƺƵĳŰƽ
ĸ޸Ķ鵱УɭӰУ˵ľ綼ܲʱ䣬ȻҲǳ߽۷壬Ҫʥ۷壬ǻкܳһξ롣
ǣȻһ۱ǽĿ˷ϣܵǹɺ嫳ϢǵɫɵһЩ˸
ʵģһεǰͷҪǣǿƲ˷Ƶľ硣
˵ʲô
Ѿ߽۷壬ٽһʥ۷徳磿
ʱ䣬Խһȼǣ¶һĨɲ𺳡
ԵǿǶ߶һ֮𺳵ɫӵŨˣɫȻ䣬Ҳ
ͬΪ֮壬ţ츳ϾԲȷƲǣ˷ȴǽ֮Ĳ쾡µ͹˳
϶Ļ
뵽㣬ɭӰĿƵĿ⣬ǱЩˡ
ƣܵΧЩ𺳵Ŀ⣬ֵ糣ϴЦ⣬ߵСΣĲѵĿֱЦ
뵽˰ڣ˶˳ߵĽݣ߰㻺ĳŶȥ
ڼ䣬û˸ֱڿշ𣬶ǹؾص·Уϵգ΢ԵЩѹ֡
˽֪ڴ֮ϣ϶һÿһ嶼ΪԼѪ޷ġ
Ҳڰ½ϣÿһ˶һǣȴԵͨˣңУǲڻҶѡ
ôţŹ˰ʱһȺ˰Ķˡ
ⶥ֮ϣһƼķһӨڴϲϵض¡
ΧʮۣЩڣʮ貶ĿԴӦŴĿ
õÿһһˣɵĵһ
ֱ̫ݳˣʮöԴȻֻڿһѣ
̵ģ˷ѣֱǱ͵͵ߣ
¹ֹһ䣬Ƶһͬ뵽˴С
һ޵׶һߵϣƱǾʧظУһֱµٶȼ죬ЩĶǡ
ȻûзӦʱǰһ
һ޴Ĺ㳡ɨӣƶ߼ʣһСһ
ң΢ĸӦһ棬һңҲΪŨһЩפػҪǿࡣ
٣ȥʥصķƾ;ãʥصפأ޷⡣
벻ڻֵط
һţҲһĨп
ţڰų£һ
ϵԺԵЩׯء
ΪȻռĵΣһֱ
ԭˡ
ƻȻ֮ѾʶˣҪάصĴڣ¡
ܿģһĵطͣ
ֻ㳡һǶѣٹȥǾǰããǽ
λطһȥƱǿçһ壬壬Ƿǳ㳡м䡣
ĵλΪǵʵʱΧЩ֮˿ǵʱȴûжپη෴ģɫЩŹ֣Щֻ
Ͼçһ壬飬ʹˣңڰڣǶ岻ϵãõǵŴ嶼Ϊȡǣֻǳˡ


1794 
Ĺ㳡˳ȴμʱǻԹ壬Ҳû£ֻǣ㳡ϵգȴһֱΪѹ֣õҴһڡ
ŹһʱңŶǵʱ˵Ŀ⣬㶼Ƿ˹㳡мһ̨ϡ
ˡ
һռ𶯵Ǵ̨ϱһ貵İ׹⣬׹˱ܹʮӰڸ̨֮ϡ
ʮӰУиаһͷֻǣȴԵĺΪ£ȥĺܣᣬϡ
УʹģľһͷӣȥһҲֻܹ֮ǸͷӰУȴ¶һĲĲ˲С
һȽϰСģΧһߣһ٪һȽ׳ʵ˼һ˫֣֮һߣңǳǿ׳˸ͭĹ󣬿ȥΪˣ֡
Ȼ̬һȴûô֡
ȻʮˣֽǰʮѡģΪʮλԪϡ
һ֣ϵʱǻĳȥңҲеĿ˹ȥΪȫĽ㣬Ŀ
ƺĿѾϰˣֻǵģoһ㣬ĸȽϰСߣ˿̣Ҳĸߴʮoһƺܹء
ʣܹվǴ̨ϣ֤ʵǵʵԷͬѰ
վ֮ûа㶯ҲûпѵƺڵȴЩʲô
ϣôӣͻأģռһ̨ϣٴαһ貶Ŀǿ⣬۾
âʮλԪǰٴγλˣмǸˣɫ󣬰׷ƮƮһɫĳƮЩɷǵζǴ˵һ
ϵϢǳƽͣһ磬һ꣬Ʋûʲô˺ǣ䣬ȴְһеĴƣֻվڸ̨ϣȴһռ䶼ƿصеĴ
ƺ⴦ռ䷶ΧڣλˣͶ㣬׵ȡκ˵
ԣλ˵ĳ֣ʮλԪϣڣ¶ɫ
Ȼλķڷ

һ¸ߺռ䣬಻ãɢȥ
Ȼλˣǰһ
ԶʱڿʼʹڣʱؼһƬ谵ħУҪأ󣬰𣬵ħǸʱ򣬱ǰΨһĺ󱸻أ棬Ϊ崴ǿߡ
ħ֮󣬰һԳƣػһڣ뿪԰ΪңסػĴڡ
ңػһ壬ֻΪػڣǲԤᵱУҲ֮ĳޡ
ǴӰػһ嵱ѡģÿһǾǿĴڣΪӵ
ʵ˵ػһ壬Ȼ٣۷˵ͷȣǣٶڶ
ֻǣǴӲ֣ҪңǲŻֳͽ䣡
Ҳǰܹһϴɹʶԭ֮һͬʱҲΪػһĴڣõҲΪ
Ȼ˭ܷŹҪðɵأ
ػһ壬ǵʱħϵһЩ壬ʣµһЩѪ֮ˣɵһ壬ӵΪϵѪÿһǿƥ뵱һҪռػһ壬ֻˣʱңõӴ˲
ڷԺΪŰػһɣķΪ𾪡
һĶĺܣѾǴص˵Ĵڣ˾
Ȼڵ˻жܹ֪ڻһĬĬţȴǿöΪ֮ɵڣ
кԣڻЩ֪ߵغ԰һЩƵΪ
ǣΨһưģ϶Ǹ󶥼
ΪЩϵЩʣʵڲԸһӵΪѪΪС
֪ؼ䣬жػһĬĬţȴΪǿĴڡ
ƲɵĸпţĿֱڸ̨׷ϣȥӦѾʥ׷Χˡ


1795 ܴ
벽𣿡
վڸ̨ϵλ׷ˣƵȻӿֳһĨ𺳵ɫĲƽ
ȻƲλ׷˵ΪλϵϢжϣֻǱȽֻ߲ͣ
ƾãλӦκͷȣ
˵ǿᣬȺ۵ĴڣȻֻĬĬŵĴڣ粽Ϊ˵֪Կɳˣ
ȻڷƵĿ⿴λ׷˵ʱλ˵ĿҲ͸ȺֱǷ˷ϡ
ס
ֻһ̨ۣλ׷˿бǷһ΢ľڣҲ¶һĨɫ翴ʲôϵһ
Ŀ⣬ڷ΢΢Ŵɨ˰죬û˵ʲôҲûѯʣֻǿһ۷Ƶ֮󣬱ջߡ
ȻȻǳ˼ӣǣǸ˷ˣֻȴܴ˺ҳǸ˾ȵ
سǰĴڣΪҪػ粻ƻ
˿ڣϣһλoڵૣģռÿһ䡣
ֻ˲֪˵˶ٱˣǣƽʢİ壬ȴû˻Ľȥ
ǿνħԲڣңڣԶʱھӦñ˲Ŷԣ
ԣδ֪飬ǲûо֮ģȥ⡣
ǷƣҲֿԼͣ
ϾѾԶʱڣڸ壬ǵõ˷ʢķչһЩ˿壬Ҫ㣬壬мĻԲڶʮڣµһ˿壡
ԣٳԶʱǰĳ棬ǿԻȡʤ
ЩںڼݽеУõҲȻһĨɲʧ
ܺƽʢˣԶ⵱ǸڰǺεȵ˾ҲĺƽǶô֮ף
˵⣬ԶããʣڷԳһĨǣܿ
Ϊ˰己ٲʢķչȥģ棬ȿʼǰʮ壬ܹԪϻᣬеԴ
Ű׷˵Ļ䣬һεİȣʹĻ
ȵĹܼ򵥣֮ǰϱΪƽ͹ˡ
ÿһ壬κ巢ս統ǰһɱϾĻ̫ˣԳܵˡ
رǰػһ壬Ѫȵ鷢
ƴƴȥʧģǰʵ
ڵĹǣս壬ñսÿһ˷Ϊֹʤ
Ҳ൱һ壡
ҪʤĻǿ϶ǱȽϼѵģǿߵϣȫǿȡʤ
ȻȻҪͬһ𣬾ͺһǧ߽ǿߣ̨ܹۿһʥ۷׵
̨֪ϣµģ϶һǧ߽ǿߡ
־棬磬һǧϣܹȡʤļҲǺܵ͵ģϾпһȼ˫֮Ĳ࣬ӤһһǧӤٶļıھԵʵǰ棬Ҳ޼£
ԣ˵Ļʵ̨ϵĽʵҲսĽ̫ĳ롣
һȻڰڻһǵԴʵΪϵƵ£磬ʮԣҪǰʮֲȥĻǾֻѡçһˣ
˻ʸĸ޸ĸţ󣬽Ŀ궨çһ֮ϡ
ҲǲѶΪ֮ˣçһɼ֮ǣȥһǰʮĴ壬Ǽǵġ
ʱ˶鵱Уû̫죬ǿҲǺ飬ңΪçһڰڶãҲõǶǰĴû֮ǰη֮ġ
çһǱߣʥ۷˲ٰ
̧ͷĿԶçһӪУƵüͷ΢΢һ૳Щء
ߣʥ۷ȴçһһ룬˲࣬ҪʤǲܵģǳоѹԵǿߣ
çһѹУƵǸܵ˼ΪǿϢȻĺܺãǣͫڣǸһЩߡ
治ֹۣçһκη涼ռ˾ԵƣǼǿϢκǿ߶ҪǿûܹǣôûκλʤĻᣡ


1796 
¡¡¡
һ죬ʮ̨ƽض𣬴ÿһ̨򳡴Сܶһ㱡ڣʱ䣬ռڵձǷˡ
ҪսǱսҪ󣬻֮ͬ󣬲ǿԽ̨
սһ㶼ͬ⣬սһ壬ҲϿɣֻУսһ壬ǿɾҪðŵһΣա
ʱʮ̨Ǳռݣÿһ̨ڣڴս˫֮䶼óɱﵣȫƴûκαҪԷء
ЩȽϿٵ壬ʣ˫֮һֱгԹһֱս״̬УԣŻ˵Ѫȡ
Щ̨λ׷ˣ¶һĨŨŨ̾ϢڹأҲûгֹһͶŻὫֱӴ̨ڳ
̨ȻҪȴʮ̨һαǿԽʮ֮ıƴٶȣǺܿġ
ּ˫У˲ϢֳӮܹѹԵǿߣôսҲֹˡ
һ̨
֮󣬱ս̨롣
ȻÿζսǰʮĴڣǣçһǰ壬ܵսĴȴǼ١
αƣçһ֪
ҲҲڵȴһ죬ڰڵòҪ͹ʵӶĿĳ£Ѫϴǿߣ
ֿԲûУڹZϣȴǿ⣬ȻԤƵһС
ԣǣܶᣬʵ
ʵģһսĽΣΰȹçһ嶼巢ѣ
Ȼǽžʧ
ôǫ̃ȴֻվ濴ϧ˰
¹ҿִ˿վ̨ϵĶʥ۷徳ĴڣʱЩɥ
ս˳棬ô᲻Ѫأֻǣ̵ĵ£𽥵ӵ֪֮ҲԼڵΪȥսѻʯ
ưһۣɨһ̨֮ĿǷѩϣüɻһʱüͷҲɵһ
ƺǸܵĿ⣬ѩͷѩ׵ϣûа΢ЦڣǺһĨŨǡ
ѩѵʲô𣿡
ѩһֱˣЩ̲סʵΧ˵ߣǷϣʱ˱㶼һ㵡
ƺǰ˷Ƶļ֮һֱˣƺڵʲô¼
ѩҪ˵û£˷ֵԼܵѹǣȴ˵ڡ
磬ã˵Ļܻ𣿡
ԥãѩǿڶŷʵ

ԣҲһֱϵȷҲ㿪Ц˼ʱвɵĲ
׷˸ղŵݽʵĻ˵ԶʱڴڵЩħĴڣûбһ죬
µĻôԵѡ
붼ÿ£ԶʱڵͣǿƥɰǣħĴսУȴһ䡣ԶʱΪڰһʱٶݣô˭ֹסЩħ
࣬Щʱƣǣʵʱȴûаá
Ҳİɡ
Ʋ÷һ䣬Ŀ⿴̨ϵʱȴǷ֣Ǹ׷ˣҲڿԼʱɵһ㵡
ֻϲû¶κεɫĿƽƿɨȫ
϶͵㣡
СţðһͷʯֱԶ̨ϵİ׷ˣƺҲЩ䱸֮⡣
ôܣ񻰴˵УԶ٣ޱߣĶħ𡭡
¹ţԺڵĸҥһ䣬ֱӱһȻͣ
ƺ񻰴˵ĹµУԶҲûнħֻ˶ѣ
еһжźҪ裬ڣ϶Ǳˣ
һ̣жӿһɲԤС
еĵ伮еĴ˵еľµУָħû
Ȼ̫õĺƽ£ѾΪ˴˵ΪˡЦ̸
ҲڲõĽڰٵʱ˲Żʶǽǰ˵ѵЦ̸ʱԼͳΪһЦ

ѩ̾һ΢С૳ķӡҲ©


1797 Ͳ˵
ڶɱ¾ѾΪ˵⣬ûȥعʷЩʹľǱ֮ΪЦ̸ĪеĴ˵
Ͼû˿ִԵĻҲĿ£
̨֮ϣ˰׷Բԣ¶һĨɣ˵֪
Ŀɨȫ˳ʧʧÿһˣÿһ壬ôǿöڻ࣬ҲɱԴΪ٣ⲻɵ̾һ
ֻеˣȻһֱϣŬչңӶѧţǣͬʱȴֻһǳԵѭ
ǿԽǿңͬʱѹȱˣ˱Լǿǳƿصͷͻ㾡ȫȥ
νԣϣΪ˿伫
˵Ŀһεĳһλãʱⲻɵ΢΢һԭĻǣˮһ峺
壬ǸСһӦþһ֮ˡ
΢΢°ϵĳ룬е૳Ȼ䣬Ǳ΢΢𣬡ǲ겻Ϊ磬ӦѾ׵ƿԼʡ
ΪȻ˽һЩʡ
Ͼ񻰴˵УŮ洹ԴġһֱĬĬΪôػһ壬Ҳȥ⣬ǣǣȴӵ֮壬ֱӴӵͶ˷Ծ۷塣˵һǱ壬С
Ҳпܣ֮ĴڣŮ洹ʱķѴԭֻǣĿǰΪֹԭ򣬻ûֳѡ
ҲȵŮ洹ⷢõʱ򣬽ʯ쾪ܹı磡
һǱСһ
ŴӷڴðͷԼצС˵ƺ
ҲҶˣ磬˵ģǺڰ٣ãЩѧȥ

ѩɱ˵еħ֣綼Ҫˣ
¹һΣԵЩɥ
Ҫ֪˵еħԶ񿹺Ĵڣǳڵ䣬ôѾųĸǿߣʲôȥǣ
ҲֻҪͷѣͿ׵Ľ˰ɣ
ûܹǵĻûˣ
ѩһĻشţûа㿪Ц˼
õķҲһϵС֮΢һɡ
ѱ䣬Щﵱٹǿᣬٴν֮ʱҲܴﵽ۾
뵽Сƻ֮󣬷Ƶģһεң֮ڸ¶һĨɫ
ǱѹˣҲһֻɰ벽ɵĴĴ˭赲
ڣҲֻһжҪȻ罫⵽ԵĴ
Ǻǣ飬ȻпܻᷢǣԲڣԣڲҪѹҪԼľ磬һôǸʱҲӵԱ֮У
ѩĮһѩ֮󣬴΢ЦЦſڣѣҲǰο
ֻڴʱȴǾãԼʦƺûԼ̹桭
ûֻʵȥһδ֪в
Ƴĺ˿Ҳʾͬ
ܶ飬ǽ⣬ҪĽ⣬ӵоԵʵȥֹУ
Ҳԣ
¹ƶǶĵ˵ͷȻµҪŬˣȻֻиͲ˵
⻰Ȼףǣȴ
ܿģ˱Ƿſأǰϡ
սçһ壡
˫֮䣬кܴĲ֮࣬󣬺пܻᵼսʧܣ
Ļ˴ʿϣȻǻܵһĴĲȡ
˲ϣġ
ȻȻʱ֮ǣɭӰʵʥ۷ȴһĲ࣬Ҳһܹæ
СçһӪжʥ۷Žǿߣ
ɨçһӪãƱǶŴðͷСʵ
ʮ
СֱԺ𣬡ǣһΪֻܲڵľ磬ӦӦˡ
Ŷѵǰ벽ۣ
һ׷ʵ
ǵǣֻһӦĳֹϵѪ츳Ȼѷ֮壬Ҳǵǿ֮һС
ȷܹʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣȫǽ֮ƵԵʣ˾룬Ļжơ


1798 ν
λԶѪҴﵽʥ۷Ž׾ǿߣ϶ʮͬȽʵĸ֣ݣ˶ݡ
ң˵пܣ⻹çһȫʵ
˴ߣȴԶЩ˵ǿһ𣬾ﵽʥ۷Ž׵ģҲʮ˶ѡ
һĲ࣡
ңȵģ˻ʸ޸ĸһλ֮⣬ȴҲ
Ȼ˵ֻҪܵˣͲԼ룬ǣһˣѵ£ÿһʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣܹ˲ɣ
ֿԣ٣
ң͵Ϊçһ壬κη涼һߡ
ܳ𣿡
üͷ˼֣ͬԺʵ
ţС֣çһжǿߣܹ׵ȡʤ
ʥؾõӣ
ҳֵĻпܻһЩϹ
СĿЩŹ쳣ƳһһȻķƣٴοڣʵȷҪҳ𣿡
⡭
üͷЩ촽Ϊᡣ
ȷԼСͬӵйçһ壬ǵѵûһЩֶΣ
Ȼܣ
ԣһС֣еƽ⣬ôһϵеı䶯
ȻǵһЩ˻һӷӡ߳Ǿûлͷ·ͬʧããµС
Ϊԭԣܶĵ̣ǱƲѵĻû˻׵ȥãǵΣ֮ʱ
ȻСߵ֣ôçһ϶ƴ
ֻһһˣ
΢΢̾һߵԣĴ鱨֪ʱɫǱĳ
Ȼ˵зʵƣǣ¾֪ƾ壬Ҳûʵת档
˼޸ĸˣĸĸ˴һ
ǿԻڶǣִľϣǻŽһģһ¶ġ
Ҫʵ𣿡
ƵĿԶǿ˫ӡ
ĴʣˣߣǸçһ֮ӣҲӪɨš
Ĵգ൱֮壬ǣȴնɱͬھǽһλһ˫첲ʵǣѾ޷֮˱ˣ
ֳޣǿ̹ĵģçһ岻ûмʱ֣ѡã˵Ÿķ籩
Ҳһ䣬૵ǾҪñݵ׼
ǻӵУ̨ڵһˣȴֱǱĴ̨˳Χһˣһֵ̿Ŀ̨ǵߴӰ
Ҳע⵽ƺǵߴӰӿʼʹ̨ϣѾʮˣȴûˣЩνĳս治ɫ׵Ľһϵ̨ĵ˺̨ȥ
ʵ˾̾ƹƣ˵Ȼ֮ܳ壬ǣҲԻԶѪԣܹѹһǿߣ
һǿǱӳ̨֮ƺķˣӶûɳһȥ̨գѡá
ȥҲֻҲĽԼǿʧȻ޴ѡ
ܿ죬볡̨ǿ
ֵçһˣ
ڸ̨ǰ׷ߵһ֮󣬳ϣĿⶼǼ˹Ѿ̨߽壬޲п֡
ǰЩ껹ڰ壬̶̵İڣȴӵǰʸַԾ٣
Ҳĵڣôӵ֮壬Ȼͬһãͬʱ֣ӣ벻ǿˡ
Ͼ嶼֪⡣
ֻǣ֮壬ȴûгɳðȻ棬ֻǵòʲôô
ͱ濴çһ󣬸ȣǿߵǶʵĴڣԶçһ壡
ԣжǰûӣȴſЦ
˭֪ܵĻ˾㲻ɢʿҲ䣬ʱɾͳɲʲôˡ
ԣϵ˻϶ϣܣΪǲϣԭܹԼ۸ǿ
˼䣬çһӪڣ߳һɫߣֱӲ뵽̨С
ɫĮӱ䣬һλo䣬죬˭һս


1799 
Ŀռڣ˫ӣʱǷͬһ̨ϡ
çһ֮
ⳡսǰʮĴսçһǸ̨֮󣬱Ļ
ǲ˵еһ
ȻܹܵǹǿϢƻǲȷԺڶСʵ
û
С֤ʵĲ룬ҺЦçһԾʵǿѹ壡
ֳ棬뷽ŽǸƣһǿߣԾԵʵѹԷ壡
ô
һĨĻȡ
ȻҲʵϣѷЩӵԶѪʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣǣҪƴĻǻп֮ģ
ϾڵԪڣסа췣ҲǼΪǿһų൱ڰ췣ܣʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣҲӦɣ
ֻ򲻵ѣƾԲᶯԼĵƣңִ֮ͥ£ǲԸ⡣
һƱ¶ȥпܣ಻Ҫ鷳
Ͼǿ췣ԻĴڣ˭ûη֮ģη壬ʹһЩһЩ

޸ˣĸ˶һۣ΢΢ͷ󣬶һȴʣ͸¶һɼ㣬쳹ȫÿһ䡣
Ŀ£һһڿ̨߽֮ڣʱһϱǽ̨֡
ȥɣ
ûκףߵǱǳһĻȣ˫ֽһӡʱһµĴֱӱǴӶ۶ɣŷ貵ĹÿһһУĿռ䶼иЩŤƺҪѿ
Ķǿڣ˵ĶǵǡçһǱߣȴ¶Ц⡣
ϣ󻤷ʵѾ൱˻ʸĸˣΪ˻ʸ˳Σûʱ֣Ҫǣ˻ʸˣ˵ʵʵҲǺܶࡣ

һЩĦ̨쳹˱Ǽ貵İ׹⵱УȻǱŷһǣЩǴӵд
Щܹصİ׹⵱Уɫδ䣬ϣȴһƵףΪ׵Ĵڣѡ
ƽ£ʱӪбǱһ󻶺
ƣȻ·
ĶϵףһĨȣ֮󣬲ʱҲͷˡ
ʵϣȷҪѷߣһףϸСƣֱӱƽˡ
ûģ̨ϣߴȻ죬£̨һֱ貵ĹâУһƵľϵĴڴΧ˶ľ
ʵõȫȻǶû뵽˶˵ǿᣬ뷽Ǹǿȣʤһ
徹ȻҲӵǿߡ
˿̣˲Ǿ̾ԭһֱų壬ƺǱϿȥǰļ򵥡
һΣڰڣѦı˭Ҳ˽⣬һֱ͵£ѦȻӵǵȵʵ
һͷͻȻܲأǣצһֱֻΪأڸѡ
¡
һռ䶼ڲը쳹˱ǿ̨֮ڣһױȵǿ⣬˲ǽ̨ų̂ǾҵĻζǲ㱡ϣƺʱпѣӿХľ磬̨ХһӿţþòϢ
󣬴Ĺâȥ˱Ǽһ̱ڣһˣƺѾڷŵĴըбշˡ
â˸̣Ʊǽŵķ
ŵˣǶ˿̣Ҳ˺ۣǻ˹ȥûбŴ󱬷շԭ򣬻ϵס
ʱⳡ籩֮Ҳȥϻмϸ΢ѷ졣
çһǸߣɾûôֱǱշʲôҲûʣ£Ĳҽжûд
ֻڴ˰֮£Ҳɥʧ˼ƴȥ
ʤ
ڸ̨վڰ׷ߵһ˽Ʊڵһʱ˶ߣһ֣ũҩҩԹ뵽ڣѸٵ޸ϵĴˡ
󻤷ˣ
ڶ۾ʱ򣬷һ΢ЦĿ


1800 Ѫ
˽겻ѡ
ȻƾױȫͬģȴҲѾûսֻ֮Ȼ˳
ƵĻ֪ԼɹˡǱ˴̨̧ģҲΪˡ
ϾնɱһçһԶѪǿߣçһʵ
ߵĻȣçһӪУ˵ɫЩѿɲ̨λçһԪ϶ˣ˸ɱ硣
ԶѪǿ߱Ѿ٣ҪһѪģ֮٣ڣȴշɱһçһµ飬֪
쵰
һŭçһٴγһˣ뵽̨֮ڣȥֻ꣬Ϣȣ嫺һֿշصĴ˵ĺɵķŻ
ӵĿ⣬һڶɨǣҪһеȥնɱΪҪѹסֳ嶯ԣ΢΢ЩţΧĿռ䶼һĻš
ʵģҲԶѪ֮һңΪѾﵽʥ۷Ž׾磬ΪƽʱԿ£
ĸĸ޸ĸ˶һۣȻǾֱĳ̨ȥ
䡭
ھĸĸһϵ̨УʱͳܵǸӵķǸһһʥһӰ£ҵľĸ˵󣬻ǼһĺԲǵֵסĹơ
һΪ񱩵ģһҪһҲ˶սʱ̨Ǳҵľ֣ըϵĴ̨֮˶ľ
ַĹƣһҵըУһӰΪǱĵ˶֮ǽ
˳̨ΧģǾĸĸˣ˿̣ҲΪң˺ۣرǳԲƣǱѪ죬ֱֻ϶ǲѺۣΪɿݶѿĵһɲ
ɼӵĹ֮ͣͬʵˣԳܵס
ȻĸĸˣȴҲѪһĴۣ˿̣Ȼ̨ϣȴҲѪ˳ųʥƵµء
ɼĴҲͣƶѾήƷǰ嫺񱩣Ȼ˵ģҲѾûս֮ˡ
Ȼһ֣ǣçһ嵱ȴûлһɫأӪ¶ɱ
ٲʣ޸Ѿ̨çһ帺˵ʾ£˳̨
ΪˣҪ侲ĶԴпܻᷢÿһ飡
Ѿûս̨֮Իᱻɱ
ѾʧһˣЩ֧ڵһ
ȥ֮ȻǻһͬӵԶѪߡ
̡
̨޸ֱӱǱһѪܣһ˲䣬ǽ̨ڣһѪڻš
Ѫܣӵױȵʴԣң޿ײ룬ܵʹߵɫһ䣬ıҲһɿֲԵѪܵʴ
ȻȴǷˣѪܵʴ֮ǿ󣬳˵ϣȻ߱ܣҲܹʴ͸޿ײ꣬һ˿˿һƣǸһ˽ȥ
ɶ񣡡
߼ӴܵûжЧŭһ֮󣬶ʱαһӰ޸ײȥһҪͬھļơ
ȻӵƵ޸ˣɵɵͷҰȥභ
Ѫɫ̨УߵһδϮǱƲѣȻ֮ײ
һıȶȻȡʤİգǣ޸ȴΪ˱ʵѡѪܵƣϿ塣
һСʱ֮ɹˣ߻ܣѪ͸ѾѪ죬ǴѪصһ
ҲΪѪҺţߵҲ𽥵ȥѪ޸ˣѾûս֮ѡ˳̨
Ӯˣ׵Ӯˣ޸ȻҲһģȴսѪɫ̨Уӳ죬ÿһͷǱʺޱȣһѪеoˣˡ
çһɻ˵һս


1801 ܿ
޸˵쳹ȫ⴦Ŀռڻصţ˶Ŀ⿴˹
ʱçһĸɫǳ˲Ӭһѿأ˿ҲǺɱ
򶷣ȻرļΪףõçһǿ߶¶̻̲ɫ
ϾλܵߣçһӵһĵλΪҲ֮ˣеo
ȻλoȴǲҰճõǸǶ޸һη
ЩçһĸȻǿУ֮Լߣйأçһʿڴ˿̵ȥ
Ҫأôֻн̨ϵ޸˻ܣ
ţçһ帺˱һͬӵԶѪǿߣ߷Ըһ䣬ߵ˵ͷȻϵ̨
䡭
ϵ̨çһǿ߱ǱһױȵĴƣܹǹ̵ĿˮһΧĿռ䶼֮ͬʱҲ̨
ȻѪܹ͸ܣǣͬʱ޸Ҳ˳ܵһɾ޴ѹɫʱ
çһǱҲǱˣһ֮Ȼ޸˵ƣԣ̨çһǿߣҲϴǸһ𲻹һеҹƣ෴ģȻҲ¶һҪ־ս̬
һ˫ǳܵ˾޴ѹȻçһǿ߳ܵҪһЩһģ޸˵ֹۡ
ңΧѾʼ䵭Ѫܣɫһȥûкô֮ѡ֡
޸˼һѪɫģϣ̻һɬƺۣѪһЩĿġ

ڹһѪ֮ϵƺ۾Ȼ˹һŤĵһѪԣĿֱӱǳŲԶǸçһǿ߸ȥ
ʣΪ˼ģ޸˿ɱǵľ뵽ڣ˵Ч
ЩǵصĳçһǿҲңּ䣬ϳһͨĳɲӰһѪɫնϣӦ硣
ȻʵܾԵѹԷʱڴսգ볡ûս֮
һçһǱԶѪʥ۷Žǿߣȥģʣһ
ȻӪߣȴѾû֮ƥеǿߣ
ȻĿǰ崦ƣǣƵ˵飬ǱȽϳء
ʵģҲһܹԶѪǿߵĻô϶ܣ
ʱçһĸϱ¶ɵЦ⣬ߵ˽˼̨֮
˸һս
ƴк纣ϯȫÿһ䡣
ΰֱ̨ϣһˣںŵĮڸһǿߡ
õ˶ŭ죬Ŀɱ˵Ļͱǧٿˡ

˻ʸӪһʥ۷ǿŭһһͷѸ̨
£
˳嶯Ƶɫͬʱһ䣬ȴҲѾֻĿ̨
ء
çһĸֻһγ֣һȭǽ˻ʸʥ۷Ž׵ǿߺɣײ̨ϣڵѪش
ҷ䣡
һĻԥıǴ
Ȼçһĸ˺Ҫս˻ʸǿߵǣĿɨ̨֮󣬻
һ
Ļ³ǱĿ⣬õӪǿΪ֮ĺûܹ
Ҫ֪ǿͬΪʥ۷Ž׵ǿ߰ȴһȭҲֵסɼʵ֮ǿһܹ⡣
Ѿ̧̨ڷεеǿߣӪ˳ĬС
˭ȥ֮һս
ڶ͸©Ȼ
ʮڲɳս䣡
̨ϣǰ׷ߵһ߿ڣȫ
ˣõӪʿȥ
Ϊߵʿ˻ʸ޸ĸһЩǿߣɶ˻㣬һеĳ̨ȥһһܣмֱ𵱳ֻΪܵʱ䡣
һ̧̨ǿߣӪеգٴִӵ䣬ת˱ݣֱݣõŭѪڣһǺ޲ǫ́ȥȥնɱԼҫļһ


1802 
ۡ
һӪǿçһ帺һȭ֮µɶѪһƬѪģ˻û£Ѿ˹ȥ
û˼ǵǵڶٸȥǿˣǣô˵Уȴûһܹçһ帺һȭ
Ĳһ
çһ帺ҲõçһӪǱһ֮ǰĵ䣬һǸߺ߷䳰ȷ
ǷһȺѡ
֪ߵغǰһٶŲϵƵģ
Ȱǻ䣬ȻĸͷϸȻֻб塭
˲ĻõӪÿһжǼΪܡȻǺ뷴ڣȴû˵ĳڣϾȷûçһ帺˵Ķ֣Ƿǳ
̵ģȺӣ̫ˣ
ƢͲõ¹شʱܲˣл׶ͳȥˣͷѪҲϧ
ǣƵ˶ԶΪÿһ˶ԣ˿̣Ǳͣ
ڰڣǵ¶츳ͱ֪çһ壬Ȼϸĵǵĵϸ
˵Ƽ˵ʣѾͱçһ֪һȥ̨ǾԻᱻֱӴɱ
ƻɣЩܹçһ帺һǶçһ帺ΪҪϹ
Ŀǲ⣬ƶԼߵȥðա
ЩˣԺĶʧã

Ǵ̨ҫçһ帺ˣ̾һһʱڣıƺ࣬˶̬⼸֮ڣһںŲɣȻ
ڣΪҪȡȣҲٹҲʲôᷢһ꣬ȴƵ˳ɳ֮Ҫǰʮ練Ƶ飡
ڣֹ޷ȥǰʮңʿҲܵ˼ĴֻҪçһһ첻ʿͲָ
ңʧѪǿߣǵòʧ
ѵֻЩɫ𣿣
çһ帺˵ĻԽԽ̶ˣ۽ǵ⣬ȴһֱŷƵ˵ķƺڿǵķӦ
ʧƵ˵ǿ֮⣬ûѡ嶯̨ϳ塣
˵˻ʸһ֮ѾȻսҽӣѵһ֮ҲֻǸϲ𣿣
ìͷֱӶ׼˷ƣȫ󲿷ĿⶼתƵ˷Ƶϡ
֮
ֹˣˣķƣ¶ڲ˼ɫ
Ͼڰ½ϢǲôңڰڣƵҲֻܵɶѣûб֤ʵ
֮Ƿ֮ǿǵƥǿߣ֮޵еĴڡ֮ȻۣǣǴ˲ţΪǷ
񣬷ƵݣȴǱçһĸ˳ϺǷƲϣǾʾĨ֮
ǣǳϵĻȴΪԼսçһʾǻɾ޴ĴңпܣԺ˶ã֮壬Ҳûʲô˲ģϢҲ˶֮еʧ
ʿǻɸĴпܻһ
ǰ̫֮ˣ޵޵Уôͻõ֮ʧȥġ
ϣ߲ϣ·ڷǰЩ˸۽ǵ⿴Χһ˫˫ڴϣӣٿ̨ǴŵЦçһǿߣʱ
һһʯ˫֮ƣôһܷƳвϣçһ帺ҪõЧѾﵽ
ƣȻҲ㡣ʵϣ˫֮ҲĴкܴĲ࣬ʱȴûиõѡˣ
ǷϲʲôĴյģôնɱһ밡ʱӵһڳˣǷϲģʣµǸӵ֮ļһ磿
¹زޣ۾ƿڴ쾡£çһĸƿԣĴ֮ɫһƬ䣬Ϊɲ
仰νһ֪ʵ˵ôôЩΪ֮ˣ磿
˵ƵͬʱʵҲԼǱߵҲ˸ͨ顣


1803 
⻰ӪߣԾ˺ܴĸı䡣
ȷԶʱȵĴգһڷУ˵Ƶǿᣡ
ңٿƵΪ䣬ҲȣᣬȴѾﵽʥ۷׵ĵز֮ǷϲģôڳǶϲĶ磿
Ȼ˵ǣȴѾϡ
ңô¹ôһ֮ͨçһĸϵĵ⣬ҲΪѹڵķŭҲЩŤ
Сӣֻ֪֮
ɭŭçһĸ˿дι̹һ˫⣬ֱֱĴ¹أҪܡ
ǣȴǵ͹¹صĵ
һ첻µزµģңרԼ޷սʤǿȥսԲȡ˽ĳɾͣôˣ
֮ɣ
¹طǳĵĵ˻ȥһмĵǸһﲻ֮ҿȷС仹ҿô죬ȥ̨ͷСӴһǼһܹڷС߳У¹ؽΧ乷һȦǼһŲУһǧȦΣҶ𣿣
ȿڲţ˭¹صĶ֣뵱һƾһƸǿս˵ÿһ䣬ÿһ֣ܹ׼ȷĴжֵҪ㣬˲
˻һʱõ˵ĿǷçһ֮ϣһɨӺҲ¶ĵĿ⡣
ʵģţçһλ֮壬ʱҲﵽٰ߽˽ΪѣĪ˵ǳסУһǶǺģ
Ͼκη涼ھһȼ£ֻҪһָͷǿ׵Ľշ
¹һֻӵбı죬Բ˵У
УҲǳӣϾȱ˴츳ȱ˵͵£ȴ˴ľ룬˵һ
㣡
çһĸ˱òһѪ˳ɫǺ죬һŭĶǳһڰЦ¹أĿ⣬ֱҪˬļһж˿飬Ȼȥι
񣬾ٱˣçһĸ˺ԾҪ˻ᣬĸ󻼸ȥ
Ӫˣһ뵽ȥ֮еķŭȻǲټܷķƣǻϵһĻ硣
Ƶδ޷ԤģϾʱǱֵıǰĴ֮ǿٱ
ˣ츳û˻Ϊһᱻʥ׷Χ
ʲôңĶүүֻһ䣬ҴӦ𣿣
¹ؿǵˣһ˵ıһֱǽçһĸ·ϱơ
ܴӦ𣿣
ʵ£ŻӦֶľ֡
˻Сǵǣƻ˻Լһ֮塣
һ뵽ԭԼļƻȴԼϣõçһĸ˷ζըˡ
ԭѾƱƵǣȴû뵽һȻͽת˹ϷԵı仯޷ܵˡ
ⲻһˣǿԵĻҪһеĽһɱ˵
çһ帺粻ɫ¹ظǵˣһƵСһһ𺰣Ķ
Ķ
ӪڣʱһʮӦΪ¹صĴһһ໽Ϊ˷ܣʿǡ
ʧΣӵǱֵ㾡ȫȥӻΪɳ
ֻҪƳɳôκ鶼пܻĿܣ
ǵصŭƬռ쳹ϢçһӪǱߵɫ϶ǿ꣬رǿûа㷴ӦȴӵʵǸӣڣʧɫ
սһ೤ʱû˻Ӧ䣿
çһĸ˶ݺݵĵ¹һ֮󣬱ûǾֱŸ̨ϵλ׷ʵ
˫֮ɨȻǴûжٸɫ˵ʮӣ
һʱõֵķΧƻ󲿷˶ǳȥһĲʡ
ڣȷģçһĸˣ˻⣬˵ٴ˻
ȷɴϷ磬ռƣңѾʤȯգ
ȴǷǳƽɨһܣһ˫˫ͫ͸¶ϣ΢΢˿𣬡


1804 ̨̤
ƵǺǣȴһĪĴ͸ֱӱǽΧĿⶼ˹
һ񽣣һĵϣõ˶Сδɳ֮壡
ңٿΧͬΪ֮壬˭ӵΪܹͬһ˵ǰ棬⾿żȻʵʹȻ
˵ˣ붼ʳѰǷɳȥԻĸ󻼡
ԣڳĸǿߣܹçһ帺ôԭǵˣҲϧ
çһ帺˶ûбʲôϣʱ򣬷ȴվ˳õڶһĨȻΪĿŷƣЩš
ӵΪϵѪǿһЩС嵱е֮壬ܹ⣬ԣǿ߱çһ壬ܹðͷ֮λ
ȻƵ츳ȷ֮ϣǣ˫֮ھϵĲ࣬ɲһǰ㣬ںܶ˵һ޷Խĺṵ
Ƹ磡
֣
嶯
ڷΧ磬л׶¹أ˶ǷӦ˹ÿһǽֹΪ
λ
ߵλͶȥһǷĵ֮󣬷ɫһ࣬˵󻤷ѩ˵ǡȲˣ˴ΣضҪᵽǰʮ
ǡ
üͷһû뵽ƻͦȻ׼ҪðգʵҲԸ⿴ġ
˻ʸ壬ʧһ֮䣬ô޷룬պдѣ˭ܼŮʯ
ԣ޸ĸĸ߲㣬ʱɫЩӡ
ȻԸ˻ʸԼѹ棬ǣͬƶ˵塣
ڶڶǣִ˵ǻǲ÷Ƴµġ
֣
޸ӪеĲӰˣڷƵĿת˹ȥ֮Ǽ˵ٵȰֺη
ԶԶû뵽½һָֻС쾹ȻܹӵгԽԼĳɾ͡
컯⣡
ǺǣлӰֵѡ
ƿĳ˱ȭȻɨһȦΧ˵λģҷƣԱ֮еģҪɱңҲ
ȻкܴķգǣҪһѣ
ţ㲻ȡʤçһĸҪԼǿҲһ򵥵飡
ĴĻçһ帺һĨıóѵϲãȴصĺܺãû¶෴ģϣһ棬ƺǽƵԼľԴ
Сģ
ҲΪƵԣҲûֻصĽһ䡣
ٺ٣СӣǺúýѵͷϹ
¹شֵĳŷƵؿڴһȭ죬¶һڰɭɭݣֻǣڣȴһĨ
ǷƳ£Իı
壬ӵʢսǿ޵뵱ʱ϶ּǿȣټϲֺսĸԣΪ֮ͷʹ
ν壬ʵǲһǿߵλķӣ
ǵһʧصķӣǿɲһ顣
һʵģ
̨մѪĵ棬һĵ˵ͷһĨĹâ̹ǣ˲ʱڣڣӿһܹͱصս⣡
սսضη壡
ԴӵõսƱǽսľ跢ӵ쾡£ûη֮ģκǿս
ôĿƾ𣿣
çһĸƺԼܵһɭ³磬񷢺о볰
Ϲ㲻ؼҡ
һĮĿûΪ仰ž޲ƽˣƲƲǣСϷ㻹ȥƭСӰɣ
㵹ǶԼģ
εֳϱ˽ϹõçһĸɫӵˣƺѾ޷ѹеŭ𣬲Ҫ̨ɱˡ
㣬´࣡
קԼ½ǵֻܷܷ֮󣬷ûȥλϵɫŴ󲽣̨жȥ

ǿ磬˿̶紺ˮں⣬ҧ´ŬĿԼ밲οԼе
Ѿߵ̨ԵشķƣأȻͣת滨¶һĨЦ⣬ģȥȥ
˵ɣҲûԥ뵽̨Уͬʱ˲Ǳü


1805 ĥ
ѵȥ𣿾Ȼ̨
һ֮Ȼ츳ǣȴһԵļһΪ
ϧˣ֮ˣҲܹ֮Ľ
𣬸ָĶУϣ̬
˳嶯£õȫԸǿ߶һȻô⾿
Ҫ֪çһĸˣǿǵľǿߣһλ綥ʥսȻսûдǣܻţⲻ˵ӵʥ࿹ʵ
ƣȻ츳ǣϾʥ۷׾ѣçһĸˣ߸磬츳ٸߣ˿ҲԽ˫֮ڵԨĲࡣ
ֱΪ
ȻҲƵıֿУҲⲢǱԲų嶯Ϊô϶ΪһĵԽԨĵ
ܹĻǼֱ޷ÿˡ
˵ʵڵģڴʱ⴦ռڣ󲿷˶ϣƱçһĸ˶ɱ츳ǿҲǺܲģ˶Ҫ֮졣

ڷƽ뵽̨֮ںçһĸ˷ǲˣԭķŭҲָƽһȻĿŴڲԶķƣв죬ǣͫĨӣȴ
Ƶԣһʱĵ飬Ѿ˽߰˰ˡƱһصˣǣȴǴһ㣬Ǿ̫˽˸ˣΪѣΪˣԲһеȥκ飡
ҪľնɱһӵܹϵˣӶż̨˭֪ļıûдɣǣĿȴǴﵽˡ
⣬Ȼ̨
һ㴣ķƣçһĸƽĻ˵ţһ˫ڷϲϵɨţƺҪҳһ˿
˵˵ģ
䣬͵һţȻ˹ƣһ㣬һܹͱصƣһɭ׵ĳ磬ֱָؿڡ
ߣǾҪûǸʸˣ
çһĸ΢΢һУһ΢΢һȭһɾϢƼ䱩ӿȻǱȷŻҪǿࡣ
ȻڷţûжʵǣȴѾ޵УȺۣ

ȭͷɭ׵ľ޽֮ʱжʱǱһӵţֻȭͷϱӿһǿᵽĿֱֲӱǴݻ޽ڵķҲֱ׷˳ȥصײ̨ԵϵϣͣȻûѪǣɫѾԲ԰ס
çһĸˣȴζûҡһ£ǰĹ½Ƕû
һ֮£¶ٷ֣ǣϣȴһ䳰ƲĻ
ˣңֻ˶ѣҲΨһһܹçһĸһеˣ
ھ֮£ѵ˵ʲô𣿣
ս
ũҩϵũɲ΢΢ҡҷ䣬ƱǾڵĴѾָĲ࣬ʱٴӿʵʰս⣬𣬻һӰһεĳçһĸ˳ȥвһеͷ
⡭ôܣ
һδαȴûһķƣϣ˶Ǻϲ£죬طǷ֮ǲ˼顣
ʣѾ֤ʵˣȻڵľʥ۷ףǣȴܹӳʥ۷Ž׵ʵ磬Բçһĸ࿹
Ȼһֱ·磬ңζڵѪǣڵս⣬ȴû˿ȥ෴ģս£ŵս⣬ҲӵŨ
ȻĥԼս⣡
⣬Ҳ֮ΪȡʤĹؼ
̫ˣչУǣսһȴǲһѰչУȴûжЧֻսУܹõ
Ƶçһĸڵһʱھ͸Ӧˣʱϵɫһ
ָоƽԼһĥʯָоǲˬһĨɱȻ
ȥɣ
ڷһγʱçһĸٴγ֣ϣ۳һµͼһذ㣬ֱѹӴ˲䣬ǽϵսţһУ˸ߵķݰ˳ȥһ·ϣһѪߣЩĿģԶֱ̯ڵϣѪ죬ϵսⶼήҵȥ


1806 
˿̣Ƭռڣ󲿷˵ĿⶼǼڵ̨ϵǵѪģӰ֮ϡ
վ̫󣬸һϵġ
ˣܵĺܲңؿڵĹһ˲䱻ˣһЩۼܹаɭɭĹͻΪˡ
ֻȴţֻǣϢѾ΢
ڶҪֱ˵ʱȴǼͷſŵСҡҡͷʾⲻҪ䣬õȻȻǣǣѾ˺ĻȴǸ˻ȥ
ΪڿСһ˲䣬ܵһɼɲϢ֣ãǶԷҪȡ׾٣
ԣ¹صһżĿȴ޶ԣ෴ģǽĿٴη̨ϡ
Ҳƻս֮
ȿȡ
ڵϵķſڣ³һڵѪ֮ϵϢڻĻָ
Ȼû
һĻçһĸ΢΢ͫ͸¶һĨ𺳵ɫ
ǰĹ£˵ֻһʥ۷׵ˣʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣһ֮»һ
ɼ֮ǿᣬѾǴﵽһַ˵ľˡ
çһĸҪȥһƵʱȴǷ֣ԭսѾȥķƣϵսٴŨڣһѣŷһܹصϢΧĿռ䶼Ǵ̵ķһЩõçһĸͣ˽Ųɫ
һ˫˫㵵Ŀ£ڵϵķƣЩƵȻվ
ϵ˺ѪǣȴδǷϣڵսǿң͸¶һɲ־õϵϢӵĿ£ϵš
Ȼ˼ҵĶս£սõõĥһεĵõ
ϵĴˣũҩۿɼٶڻָţһɲ˿ڣڼϣ裬ָǸûܴһ
֨֨
˦ֽţһؽڼ䶼ǱŷһͷѣһɿɲϢ˳ɽ纣һϢѹ
ڴʱϸһɫ΢΢Զ䣬ΧĿռ䶼ǱŷһƵƺѾܲĴˡ
𣿡
ǰûһķƣçһĸҲ÷ǳƽ˵
˵֮ǰһֱֻԾѹƶѣֵģҲһơ
ϾԸôһԼСʹȫԡ
ֻڿƾȻԼһ֮ʼǰˣѾƵλᵽһԼƽȵλá
ĵףһɿ־壬Щ·ĳɳ
ԣεУϵϢһЩ΢ı仯
ȻֵĻЩǶֱ䣬ͨ죬ҲڰƤ½˻ɱҵһʵĻС
ӡ
Ƹϻ˫󶯼䣬һɫĴӡǱ۶ɡ
ɫĴƣԶʱڿԽʱնŹ϶ǿϢѹշһֽѹ֮µĴƺһ£ܹضתһ
¡¡¡
ŷһƣֻɫľƶʱһ̹һըçһĸշȥһ·ϣռ䱻ɢһưһҾʻڴ֮ϣ˷ˣһܹתصĴƣȥ
飡
һȭһǿĲçһƼ۶ɣȫкֻɫ֮ϣĳһ

ڸܵѿļ󣬷ûаԥģֱӽ֮
¡
ɲǼ䣬ֻĻɫƱֱӱһɿ񱩵ӵзľϯڽߵçһĸϡ
ã
ڸܵɫϵϢĿҵʱçһĸ˱֪ãһĨɫ֮󣬴ϣɢһɼǿֱɿ񱩵һ𣬶ʱˮһըһ̨ռ䱻ֱӷˣ޾Ĺą̂ûܹɱʥ۷˾Ž׾ǿߵķ籩ӿţ̨ϯ
ŵŵš
ڷ籩ĵçһĸˣɾ޴ĳ£һʱ˱Ǳĵ󲽣ŵֵأͣ


1807 ѹ
˵аˣʮ˫۾ǹ֤ͬһĻ
ڷһʥ۷׾Ĺ£ӵΪѪѾʥ۷Ž׾çһ帺ˣȻˣ
Ȼɳ֮£ƱΪ϶Ǳǿеľһɼǵ˺ۣǣĿǰľ磬ܹçһĸˣһ漣
Ҫ֪Щͬʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣûçһĸƶ벽һлܣˣ
Ҳ˵ĿǰľȻʥ۷ףǣӵеʵԴﵽ˾Ž׵ĳ̶ȣ
ңܹçһĸˣ˵ʵѾͨŽǿߵķ룡

ƺǸܵΧһ˫˫Ȼ벻ŵĿ⣬çһĸˣȻһ֮²ûܴǣһɫȴҲǵͨ죬ŲԶǳ΢ЦķƣһݼҪҧˣڣܵŭ
쵰
ƺúܶˣվסˣЩ΢΢
ˣΣΪΪʵԲˣȻпܺܶ˻Ϊݣǣȴûл˶С
ȴһˣ֮ǰԼǷǰȻһСⲻ˵ԼԼﶼ𣿣
çһĸ˴ʱѾ˵ڵŭ𣬻ıɱ硣
СӣҲòϣС㡭
΢΢𣬿е˵ţûи¶һµʱͻأģϱŷһǿҵƣ˲ϯң˻һӰֱӱǳŷƳ˹ȥƺҪһɱ
ˣ
ҲԤϵᱬϵɫδң෴ģԭǲɫĻ֮ڣһɭɫĵ绡΢΢˸䣬ȴǴһļµĸоǱʲô޶һ
΢΢룬磬ǰһͷʳԱһһֱըԵС
ȥ
һ䣬çһĸ˱Ѿе˷ƵĲԶɫзɭȣϣֳһƺܹڸص´ͼһܹѹһеĴƣ˿ɵıǳŷƵͷ­ȥ˿飡
һǵͼԣǣһ·Щ·Ͽȴƺһͷͷǵ޵ͷ­ſĴڸǸһ˶ɵĴУ¶һϵ۳Ǹһһصĸо¡
ǿδأ
΢΢ߣ˿һ۳һЯɭɫĴӡһ壬˱Ǳ˳ȥЯӡֱѡӲ
ұ
ڽӴһ˲䣬ƽӡһƣżһ㣬˱Ǻ׵ѡ˺ˡ
Ȼçһĸˣȴûôˣû뵽ԭѾƺ۾ѡѪƴķƣȻͻأתټϷƵôһƣҪܿʱֻӡѾҵš
̡
ʶģǽ۳ͼǰǣӦʱŷƵĻ䣬ɫĴӡֱӱʱǱŷһǿĲľ޴ϫģ޹ľϯ˷ŰһУһֿԴݻصӾ
çһĸѾ뵽˷״̬һ壬ȻеͼǣǱǹǿƵĻгȥ׶롣
ȵϫ˱ǿԿϵ˺ü飬뵽ݣ˱Ǿֻĸо
Ȼɿ񱩵ıըУçһĸûܵʲôˣǣȴѾǻͷˡ
Աˣ
һεĳԱˣ
Ȼûйеķŭڣɫӡӭײң˲Ϣ䣬һ̫һֱӱһ貵ǿ⣬̨ڡ
ǵƲˣϵķƣûͣ͵Ķӡһһӳȥçһĸ˺ĵֵϴͣҲǱЩңϼ˺ۣңҪǰһǼѡ
ԭֻһֻƱУһļµڣÿһγУõ޷ӳȫңϰģǻɴʱ㱻ѹƵľ档
ûǱѹˣȻƱֳ֮ҲܣϵҲʣǿũҩڣˣçһĸ˴ʱ״̬Ҫǿ̫ˡ


1808 Σ
ѹƣԵѹƣ
ʱԭǲһķƣȴǶת˾棬ǽçһĸ˱ȵô粽ѽңᴴ
õĳϼ˶ĿɿڴЩදԼ۾ƺ޷Լġ
޷󣬷ƾΰ쵽ģȷǣçһĸ̫ˣĶ֣ӵʵ
˿̣ԭЩΪȥֻˣжǷһ޷ĸоͺɬ˵
˵ϮһİƣֱӴˡ
Ȼڸ̨ϴλ׷ˣȴٴνĿ̨ϣңĿⲢȥƵ״̬çһĸ˵״̬ǽĿЩ̨Ʈɭ׵绡
ȻԶǣֱⲢͨԣֻԵĻԷƵľ˵Ҳ޷סע
ΪƮĵ绡Լ䣬ȴǸһܹ˺ĸоһӵо綾Ķһ˶ɡ
۲ã˵ɫӵУһ̫ʵʵĲ룬ȻԸ뵽ȥǴʱȴҲΨһĽˡ
۲֮˵Ŀ˷ϣϸĴһ֮ڶʱһĨ졣
Ϊ˽飬ɲһܹģ˵Σӵе츳ΣǺ̬ʲôǷǳ
ʱϵǲɫĻ棬Ǿ統֮ӵеûа
ֳ룬ֺ嫣Ǳ޷ģ
ҲΪ̫ǿᣬһܣԣһȴ޷ܵס֮Ĵڣŵ£֮Լϡ
ƣȴ֮޷飬ڿֻɫ֮˱ףѾ׵ĽƿԼС
Ҳ˵ֻҪ䣬ƱпܻΪڶλ֮
뵽֮˵ڱǷâĻϵȺǣҫۣĿ޷ֱӡ
ֻǣûã˵üͷȴȻһ塣
˵֮ÿһ֮ȥÿһӦʲŶԣǷȴǲͬӵԣңǾż湥ǿ׼ԣ
Υ˳飬õҲЩȻŪƵ׼Ծôġ
ٽĿ̨ƮЩ绡棬۲ã˱Ǹһɡ
ǾǣЩƮڿУĵ绡գǻ±գһЩ绡һ
ѵΪ֮壬ӵ׼Եʱ򣬷ͻ䲻ɣ
૳ڲȷĲš
ͻĿԲûУңв٣ˣҪôǿҪôԼС
Ϊʣ޷ġ
ʵҲ֮һǲܳƿԼڵôֻбԼ
ԣ˵׼ΪͬʱڶͻĻֿҲеġ
СӣʾȻܹס
ǲϴһӡķƣ˵ڣҲǸп˵ܹĳɳȥ޷ؼĽҲԻΪؼΪǿĴڣܿ
ֻҪܹƿأѾͬѰˣͻȻӵǿ
һͦСӣܹˣǻܹһ
׷һ񣬴̨ϣ°ϳĺ룬ںһĨЦ⡣
ʱѵ⣿
˱ǲɫվ̨͵ʲôҲûзһֻھĹۿÿһ̨״۽ǵ⣬ȴһֱע̨

䡭
ըϵ쳹޴ϫϵгţǺһһһ䣬ӵľңͬʱ۳һ޷ܹշһУ̨϶Ǳ΢΢ˡ
̨еçһĸˣ߷ƣϫĲѹ֮£ǺܲܣرǷƣÿһγϫӿǸһϢѹƺҪշˣǲܡ
ȻȴͣƣѳסȻçһĸ˷ô޷Ļᣡ
ͬļƲߣЧΣ
ôȥ绹ǻܡ
˷ɽѹȣǲ԰׵ϣ¶һĨصɫ


1809 ս
¡¡¡
ŭڷڣ̨ڵݺŰ޹ĳϯ̨ŷһըģǫ֮̃ˣͷҪԶһƬ
ʱţ̨ڵӿӵľңʵʵ˳ӿ䣬һֿԸصĴ
̶ֳȵϫУ˵Ƿƣçһĸ˶ǸܵһɺܴѹжǻңƴķӡЩݺϫУнĶǺѣһѹصĴƴڣֻǻûҹȥ;屬ˡ
ֿԲûУΪϫϳµķƣѾǺΪˣǸܵһϢѹõϵٶȣǻ
ҺãӰĲֹçһĸͬܵϫӰ죬Ȼçһĸͳɱˡ
֪˷츳Ŀɲֻ֮Ҫκλᣬ᲻һеĽƻɱ
ʱѰһᣡ
ϾھϣǺռƵģһֱôȥ϶ʤ
̡
һεĴһǷӡڰ·Ϊܵѹֱ̫Ӿͱˣʱٴɢһļµϫ˲ϯ˷
飡
ΪˣֱӱǱɳײУ˶̨ϣؿڷ䣬ֱſڣһѪɫҰֽ
෴ģçһĸˣȴɵĶ࣬ǴֱѹƵ¶ת˹
䡭
ڣֱӾͱһǿ嫺˲䣬Ǿϯ̨ΧĿռ䶼ǵЩӿϫǵ˹Ϊģ˳㳯˷ɢȥ
ۡ
ϫĴ˹һεһѪֳ֮£챻շˣѹЩΣڷһЩĿ֮֨

ǴϫУΧ߶çһĸˣиһ
Ϊռ̫ޣԣⷴǳȫçһĸˣ˿̣˵ܷƶˣֻĿӽԼ
ôȥ
ҧݣڿӲţͼƶԼ壬ǣȴһδαϫѹס˵Ƕá
νܣ
ҲΨпЦûѡ񣬱ôȻľ磬ˡ
ôŸû¶ȫʵçһĸˣûаʤĻᣡ
ǣͻƣ
ﵽʥ۷׾磬ôǻлʤİյģ
ϾӵоϵƣɾѾλȻçһĸԶѪҲͱѰǿ߸һλѣʱ򣬷ƾƽûз֮
䡭
çһĸˣһԶʱoɢһ貵Ĺ⻷ϯܣԻصϫУΧĿռ䣬ƺƴһ
ˡ
һĻΧ˶ǾýѶ
˭ܹĳçһĸˣ˿̶ûչֳȫ֮£ƾѾûз֮ˣһǾֱӴɱ
ģǺˮһ˫۾̨ϵı仯׼ʱ㿪䡣
䣬ҲԲ÷κεʧ
ⲻ˻ʸϣϣңһʱѹƣʵѾ¾ˣҲʿ̫Ӱ졣
ڣ˭ỳɷƲܵ۷壿
ʱ䣬˭Ķ֣ʱƽçһ嶼пܵģ
̨ϴչķƣӰɭڵɫЩӡ
ͬΪ֮壬ܹ˽⵽֮Ĳ࣬ңǾãǴڷƵǸϣҲ޷ӵ˵ʵ
Щ棬Եľ;쵽ˣƵĲͬѰ֮
ڰڣʵԣǾãƲûжĲ࣬ǴʱǾãƴͬһϣҲ׵Ļˡ
˵ӵеĵƣҲֹ֮壬ǻĶڡֶп֮ܲ壬ȻƵʵܵõ˵
Ҳ䣡
ӽӽçһĸˣΧǿҵѹƵٴμᶨսת޾սĶϢǾ񽣵ķâɴһУĽΧĳϫ뿪һЩ΢Сľ롣


1810 Ұ
ս⣬һ˵־޾ǣȴʵʵȻֲʵʵǻ۵һĵزʱȴܹӳ޷ܹʵ
Ȼȴܹսһ
ʵҲεǣҲһܹˣңĻÿһ˶ֻ߱ȴһ˵߶ǿߣٴҲǺõġ
ȻսȴǲһֻҪսڣǾη壬һУܹӳٷ֮ٵʵ
ڵѹ֮£Ƶս⣬һˣɭ񽣵ķâͱأΧϯϫǱֱƿǼеһʯǿĴš
ڻߵеçһĸ˼һĻʱɫɱ磬Ȼ䣬ڱǱһɾصİƣ籩ӿˣҲ۳һµͼһѹĴƣֱӱǺơ
ٶȣõķƸ׽ܵϫӰ죬ʱܹƶٶҲǼΪܲˡ
ӡ
޿ɶ㣬Ǿڶ㣬ּ䣬һɫЯսɭ׵绡Ĵӡ۶ɣǺԥģƱǽ֮˳ȥȻֱײײͼϡ
䡭
һը̨Ϊ֮ζײĵطΪģһҫ۵ǿ⣬޷ֱӡ
ײģһЩۼǿԿͼɫӡײһʱǻɫĴӡ֮ϣǽӴֱӱѿһ֩Ѻֱۣӱһɾҵľϯçһĸѹ£ֱǳŷӿȥ
顭
ϫľϯУһӰǴڷɳ˳ʮ׾룬ΪϫʴѾѪ죬ѿһɲ˺ۡ
ۣ
Χӿһ󷭹õķƸܲסֱӱٴһѪɫҰֽûɫ׵еˣϵƣҲ漴
վȽŵһ̣ǿçһĸˣѾһεĳٵĳ˹
顭
һһεײƱһһεײ˳ȥһαһңЩˣһѪһ˺ۣѪЩ߰˿вˡ
ǣվţûû䣬õȫ˶ǳĬˡƣϣ˵վѡ
ˣɴƺĪ־֧ĿɼᶨĮѾϵʹһ˱ǹٿ籩ǿĴš
Ƹ硭
̨£磬СΣѾʣΪ˲÷ƵԼǶҧԼ޳۾վˮա
ȻǵɫǣǵͫȴһĨᶨ͸¶˪ܹһС
ǳޣҲǾģǷƵ£Ǳضᷢı
ҲڲǣԺһԸçһΪĿ꣡
һԸʱ˿̣Ҳļǿ
ȴЩ꣬Ҫ䣬ǣȴС
ƺСĿУ⻹ǷƵļޡ
䡭
ͻأģ̨ٴαһըçһĸ˳˷ӡϫӶϣֱӡڵ˵еķ֮ϡ
飡
ʱѪſƵһֱѿˣܹอҲǸƼһı˳ȥԶѾ֪ĺˡ
Ƹ硭
ơ
ˡ
־Ӫ쳹ÿһ˵϶ǴŻңرŮЩʹ
վ̨ϵçһ帺ˣçһӪеˣȴһ¶Ц
˿ѾǱɣŶĿ֮±䱬ˣѾٴ
ĸǳˣ
çһĸ˿ŲԶǵԽԽƵһ
쵰
д˿̳ŰûڣԼΪûмʱг䣬÷һֱʵսȥƴ
ȻҪȥ̧ʱȴǿСǳֹĶſ˵ûС


1811 
ռ䣬һɲͬѰգϲֻ̾Ϣ̬
ȫǴĿ⣬Ǽڵ̨ϵǵڵΪƵӰϣ
ɲֻǲƣ˶Ϊֳ֮£ѾܻˣΪĺƺѾֹͣˡ
׿Խ֮ˣôȻճ˭һϧ
֮御ÿһǷͬѰǣȴ޷ǰλ֮Ტۣ
Ȼģλ֮Ѿӵ˳֮ʣĳɾͣпܳ
֮ˣû˻Ϊᱻʥףһǿ߶ΪпܹؼĽһʢ
ӵ츳˶޷ƽĻôؼ䣬˭ܹ
Ѿ䣬ô˭ܹ
Щ˵Ŀ⣬תƵӪ֮ڣȴǷ֣˻ʸĸ˶ɫȴЩ֡
˵Ϊ˻ʸĸˣӦÿֲҾ緢ǻֹŶԣǣڷѾȫѹƣΣͷʱȴûվ˵һ仰
ȴ˼
Щ˻𶫷ġ
ϾΪ˻ʸĸˣʵçһ帺˶٣ڽͷ˵Ļ׾ٵģǣȴûô
ôĿʲôѵ⻹ĥƲɣ
ȻɫȴڸˣƺҲԥҲͬܵĥ
ܲףΪСֹңڵСƺǰЩһˣһ񣬻һоһϢѹƺǰֻ޺С޿׵ȡ
ңÿһʵܲסҪʱȴôҲ˿ڣƺֹ
ãͷСģ
ΪΪܵĻ飬ǲΪСԷƲľٶңҲ֤ˣڵѹ֮£ƽӶһϵеͻƣûз֮çһĸ˿΢Ŀһ
ֵ˵СҪܵĥּĻ£Ѹٵĳɳ
ѵ
Ȼ䣬뵽һֿܡ
Ҳ˿̷ɻûеޡ
ֿԣõһ˹֮ϵɫδйת䣬糣һվԭء
֪ǣСʱҲڶģȻܹоƻһڣǣҲܿ϶ƾܹͻƣʱçһĸٴγֵĻôƾ·һ
Ǳܣܹƿǰδе𡭡
СʱҲһķ̨ϣ۲ŷƵ״̬ʱȡ
̨ϣ׷üͷҲ΢ҪȳƣǣΪԼݣִƽȻҡ
Ͼڰ֮Ծػһ壬Ϊػһδָ֮ìܣƫ̻Ļֻ᲻һˡ
ֻܿˡ
̾һջûлȻ֡

ʱƼѾһְԵ״̬ЩģһϮԺһͷͷħҪޱߵĺڰС
˯˯
нһͷҲͷõıһ˿ǡ
Ǵʱ˯ˣҲԶҲˡ
ʱؿܵصĴˣ˵Ŷˣڵอ¶˳Χ޾ϫһϯõƸӵأũҩҩԣҲƻٶȣõϵĴ˸ӵˡ
ִˣκһϣܻܴƣҲΪũҩڣũɲܴһ˲䣬ɢһҩԣһЩҪอˣȻܴƵʾǿҲˡ
ˣɣ
ѵôˣ
ܵϲڼӾĴˣвЩȻȻΪȻõǣҲ޾ĺڰš
Ƹ硭

ס
ƶ
һеĳƺһϤӣڷһǼɵʱۻһǰһһ֣󶨸Ŵ϶ߣƺĺ
ƶ׵һҪƽƽĻ
ף
ѿڽгԭѾȥһĨ⣬ҲܾôȥǻڵһȥҲҲ
ͷںڰеȼһֻ⣬ǺڰУⷢȣɢ˺ڰů
ͬʱԭѾܲԼ˵ķƣȴǸоڵÿһ䵱Уһů


1812 ־
شԭѾܲʹľָ֪ͷ޷һ£ǲĿƣȻ֮£һ㣬һ˿˿һεεůȴǴÿһ䵱˳
ůľʹһʣڴ֮£ǴȪУ޷ݡ
ģůǾۼһ𣬴ԭһ㣬һ˿˿۳һڷƵš
ЩůϵĴˣһۿɼٶ޸ţԭѾľҲĻָ֪
ܣ
ܵĴ֮󣬷ƾһжȻһĨϲ
ůİ෴ģģ
ܵģܹڵģܹٵ޸һдˣÿһεĳ֣ƴϲ
һΣȻҲû⡣
ԭѾѿţһĻָʱ䣬ȻǸûܹһ
ֱͿ漣
ڸ֮ܵܵ󣬷Ƶûз޸ٶϣרĵȥ׷һůܵĴڡ
ԭǺһʵܣƽ̽ȥȴȻķ֣ʲôûУһ
õķֱɵˡ
ܹܵĶǣۣ񣬶޷ܵĴڣЩ̫ˡ
Ʋû˷Ѷʱ䣬񣬷ȥ׷һůǷڵһϣϸĻ
ôһȴǵȷһЩ
Լڵ״˽ģǴʱЩϸĻԾͲһ
ڷһƬУзΧÿһϸ϶һ㵭Ө⣬Ʋûԥֱӱǽ̽ЩӨ⡣
ԶЩûжٹӨڷƽ֮ȴһһƬӨ⣬һſ貵ǳĹ϶ɣһƬƬĻһΪġ
ⷬõķЩʧ֪Լڻⷬ󣬾һһ
һſ貵ǳǶһϸϣÿһϸƺһ㣬һǳڷ⣬ڷȣ޾
ЩܣΪЩĴڶš
Ƶ񣬺ܿͳһ֮ϣȻɻǣ㵱УƺʲôûУͺû̬Ҳһõķ޷ŪЩڵԭ
Ƶüͷڻƺ뵽˳˼УҪŪ⾿ôһ¡
ܣоڣǣȴǿʵ壬Ҳ״һƬ㣬ҲͬˣƺܹǣȴоĴڡ
ͺԭͲڵĶһ
ѵЩ㣬ϸڵıܣ
ͻأģԺһĨ⣬õ۾һ
ģһſŹĴڣǣڵȴһģпܵľǣЩĴڣʵһϸıܣʹڵĶֻǣȴΪ޷ϣԲһֱڳ״̬жѡ
ڴʱ뵽˾У־ǿҵ£ҵһ㣬Ӷ̲ϸڵֱܣ
Σ־
˿̣ƺʲôң˼·ڻı
ԹƵ£ȻҲ־ǣ־ղȣȴ
ڸղŵһ˲䣬е˼ֻһͷԼҪȥȥ
Ϊ⵽ͷż̲ڵıܣҲܣ˵ǡǱܣ
ǱܣǡǱڵ
ȻҪֵزȴ̫ˣûеʵľͷҲ˼ֻͷ
ղţʲô
˼·˼ãƵӱЩǰһϤӣһ̣һ
ѵ
˼ţ͵һ뵽һֿԣʱļ
Ҳ־ǿƩ˵ڸղţΪԼ˵Ĳᣬõķһǿҵ־ӶǱܡ
Ҳ˵δһҪƵֻҪܹ־ǸܹǱܵĸߵϣͿԼڵǱܣҪģҳߵôԺͿʱ̵ļڵǱ
ǵܹĻôƾ൱ӵ˲֮


1813 
Ǽͷʱ䣬ƱǱȴ״̬˳صʵС
ˡ
ԺУһڵһڹӱ죬ڻÿһ䵱лصţͬʱһϢ˲ͽڣ䣬ȻһΧΪһĴ
һ̣죬ǵأǬ磡
䡭
ͬʱԭڵһϢķƣϣǱһɺ纣İƣֱӱǽΧھϯϫһĵȥ
˱ʣʱǾ˵ע⣬ر̨ϵçһĸˣϵĵ⣬ֱӾͱ˴㵡
ΧҲõȥÿһ˶һ㵵ĿǵһɺϢţӰźϣһ˵
Ӫڣͬˣԭһݵ磬Сμˣ˱ˣһŵĿһĻ
⡭ѵͻˣ
л׶¹صˣǵԲ۾һĲ˼顣
ʵģͻƣϵƲܵõ˵ȸղļ£ʱǿ֮࣡
˽׾ˣСһȷܲ
̨ϣ׷˿һĻɵָ˸°ϵĳ룬΢΢ĵ˵ͷһĨ͵ɫ
־УѰ˱˵ͻˣǴȥǼΪѵһ飬ƣȻھתͻң
ȻϵɫҲһ͡
ʵģܵ˴ӷɢǹɲһϡ
ȻܶĶƩ˵ͻ֮ʱȻǻؼڵġǢںϡ
ʱӷɢ̣ȴЩ졭
λΪӵйѪˣ˿̣еļ䣬ҲҲԭ

ԸԼۻˣ
ǣһϸĹ۲֮ˣ׵ı𺳵ˡ
ûгĻôǰˣشӦйأ
Ȼǧˮ齻ڵ
СһﲻţϵϣܵĲҲԼĻ
ã˳ĺһڵ֮ҲֻǣڷƵĹעԾࡣ
ʵģƴʱֳ츳ѾˣˣҲǴҪӻˣΪ
ˣѵһ
ЩΪ֮׿Խһڰ½߶꣬ʶЩǿָţȴǲ⣬ܹģȼ˼˶ѡ
ǣǼƴʱչֳ츳ȣȴԶ޷⣬ȡ

¡¡¡
̨ڣ쳹һƵը֮ϵڷΪġ
ЩԴǴ̨һŵӰ
ǱһͷɫĳƮţ¸һ㼫嫵Ϣ΢΢ĵ䣬ȻǽΧϫֱӵģһλoһһɰӳ̨ϯռ䣬һҪȥµĳ嶯
ôܣȻͻˣ
çһĸһȻ૳͸¶һĨŵɫ
ʱƿŶˣอܹɼܴ֮أңټ̨ھϯЩϫΪƻܹȥ
Ȼȥһ£ǣĶѡ䣬ʱǸ̨λ˳ֹΪԼܹ֡
Ȼ˽սĶʱ䵱УƲǽϵĴ˸޸ˣңͻƣܹܵˣ
ܵģũҩ䣬Ҳ̶ֳȵĴˡ
çһĸҡͷЩԸʵ
ȻҲ뵽ˣп϶ǷһЩ֪飬ȻΪԭѪģ
ֻǣ²еԵɶѡ
ңռڵˣͷ벻׷ƾôġ
ٺ٣Ҿ֪СӲô׵ܵģ
¹һЦǰݺݵĻӶȭͷϹɣ
ʱ䣬Ӫһ仰
ģ
çһĸ˺ܿͷӦ˹һĨɫһ֣ӰֱӱǳŷƳȥ
ʱƽƺûо쵽Ϯһ
ȥɣ
˽ǰçһĸ˴һĨЦ⣬ֳͼֱӱǳŷȥ


1814 ç
ڼֵһ˲䣬çһĸ˿һ˫Įһеӣ˫ڳű飬һλ߸ϵo䣬ããһǿѹ˲ӭõвɵһͻȻãԼΪСϵĶҲΪ֮һ͡
ӡ
Ķͣ͵һ˲䣬ƶȻ֣ϣһɫĴӡ˿ԥģֱӱǳçһĸײ˹ȥ
¡
ײ֮䣬ʱͱŷһըͬʱһǿϫϫУһӰǱĵ˶
Ȼçһĸˣ
һεĶԺ䵱УԴ·磬ȥʮף߰˸󲽲סΡ
ƣȴλ˻ζѣһδˣ
˽õȫ˶һȻӶۿڵɳˡ
ֱǳֶײУӵԶѪΪѾﵽʥ۷Ž׾çһĸˣȻʥ۷׵ķƣ
һתԭѾ飬һϢķƣڶ̶̵ʱڣֹǽȫ޸Ҫǣõͻƣӵçһĸ˶Կʵ
çһӪڣǶһĲţԭǻеǣʱһεĵȵס
Ҫ֪ڲֻʥ۷׶ѣǵ˾Ž׵ĵزô˭ܹ
Ǹƴﵽ˰벽۾硭
뵽ֿԣǲɵһ¶Ŀ־塣
Ǹʱçһܶᱻƽɣ
Ҿ֪СеģϹԿ˰ɣűװɣ
Ӫڣ¹طĴЦһ˷ܣŵţ񲡣ȴûȥ
ȷֵ˷ܵ飡
磬СΣϲȴ죬Լ޳ֻǣԭͱˮӯʡ
۽ǵƳһС𺳵ױȡ
ָоһеķչƺͷС޵ƿصС

ڰգӳһǿѹķƣçһĸˣɫϣְףͫ͸¶һ𾪡
ڿƵһ˲䣬ӷӶǹѹУȻоһΪеĴԲŵʧء
һ̣ѲڣǰأΪУΪУŻԼΪСƺֻҪĶһָͷܹ׵շһ
ôܣ
ʱçһĸѾ֪βԼˣκڴʱԵĲ԰
أ˳֮ΪǬ
Ǭ˼ɻģǿԶʱڵ񣬶Ǭη
ΪǬһУޣǬС
Ҳֻһ˲Ĵ
ƣҲûж˼ʱ䣬ּ䣬һɫĴӡ۶ɣֱӱ˳ȥçһĸ˳ײ˹ȥ
ç塭ޣ
˿̣çһĸҲҴ⣬˫󶯳һƻɬӡŹϵľģʱϵƱǸıˡ
ʼ޹ͣҪըһҲѾŤΣϵϢҲļıҡ
ʱһͷɲľޱǳһɫȼգΪġ
ͭ壬Ǹߴףޱȵľ޴˫˫Ҳ˺ü˿ȥеһͷԶžԳһ
䡭
ĻɫĴӡײΪԶžԳçһ帺ˣ˱ˮͰҪ׳ֱֱۣӱײȥ죬˸ŽĹһǿȭͷϱֱкײĻɫӡ֮ϣʱ䣬ֱӱǽǸɫӡ䱬
Ȼ޳˱ç塭
ţçһɴ˶ģ֮󣬱ܹӵٶȡ
ç䱾ѹҲǺֻܴмµ۾ܹӳȫܣҿڵľ磬δֶܹãҲһӰˣǸʱʵҪʮָܹˡ
̨£˽çһ۷׷ףڶǴŲ졣û뵽çһһĸ˾Ȼ츳ʥ׾磬ܹʹñç塣
ЩƵɫ
ӡ
Ҵ⣬ֱӼ˷ӡͬʱܣӡϵ·֣һɫľʱڿն
ɱ
ŷƵһɫľһɰƣֱӱǳԳçһĸײ˹ȥ


1815 
Իɫľçһĸ˲ûҪ˼˫ͭڳ˱ңϵҲı벻ȶ
ȻûȫƿֱңŤĲεӣ֪ʱҲڳܴܺѹ
𡭡
ɫſڴһ˫һţ˱һͷԳһ˫ɵֱֱۣӱǳŻɫץȥ
䣡
ֻһȭԭƺƴĻɫһ˫ȭֱ֮ӱ顣ûаֱͣͣӱǳŷƳȥ
֪ΪΣδ״̬˳ķƣۼçһĸ˱һɲǣоȻԼҲͷ
˫ĮһеڣȻǽçһıç壬һ

ѾçһĸˣһôȻȻ³֣ϵƱ˷츲صı仯

һ𣬷ƵҲǼٵԭֻһװ˼ҡһ䣬Ȼ˺ü
̣һͷξޱǴλóԭء
ͷΣǣ˫ȴ˺ܴı仯һƬƬ˸ɭƬУ磬һȭܹƬظһ
Ȼۣ
ϣҲ飬߰¶һƺۣң󣬸ǻһ˫˫չ΢΢Ļζ䣬ΧǿֲϫǱȥ
ڱ֮󣬷ϵҲǵõ˱ǣçһĸ˲һǣϵõȫĿƣȻ꣬ǣȴҡ
໺𡭡
ڷƵĿУһХľ޺Ӵ΢΢룬󣬽һ壬˫һȣ˱ǻһֱӱǳԳçһĸ˳˹ȥ
飡
Ŀ֮£һɵȭͷһƬȭͷײһ𣬶ʱը죬ˣбŷǸ̨ϣΪˣǶѪ
ͬʱһϫҲϯ˲䣬˶ǵ˶˵ϣ˫ǵʮ󲽲ǶסΡ
Կçһĸ˲ʮǣȴǵʮ߲ŶסΣңȭͷƬǱѣȭѪ죬׹ɭɭ
¶ٷ֣Ǵ·磬çһĸȣһβСľ롣
Ҳûз֮ԭѪȭͷũҩ£ڼ֮䣬ǻָûܵһ
ڣ
ֻǣڶײçһĸ˫űҵڣԾһĨ㵵ɫ
ȻϵƲһǣܹĵ̺İ壬ȴԼһӵеģ
ç壬Զʱçһĸڣӵְ壬çһܹԼϵǱӵ쾡¡
ңǱԽǿˣʹְܹӳܡ
ҲΪӵְ壬çһңԶԶʱյУܹΪؼһ塣
Ȼʱڷ֮ϣȻоԼһӵеİڣܹܵˣ
ܵģԲܣ
ϵҡͷڵɫ˸ֻȻǲԸϣǣְ弫ΪϤֱԼԼһıç塣
һţ
ͷĲçһĸϣһɱɱԭеıϢȥһͷԽʱնԶһ
ȥ
һ壬ռĵ涼һҡΣӴգһɽѹ
ûκεһȭ֮£еһжӷ쾡£ƺֻҪһȭǿշһеˡ
ȭ
һڵȴ˳һؽһأشˣһ֣˱ǳ˿ηӲȥ
ȭ˵似ķ룬һּɣǲͨˣܹƾķʽӳ
䡭
ϣӰȭͷٴκһ𣬶ڽӴһ˲䣬çһĸ˱ܹܵһ˳һؽһأӷƵȭͷ˹Ȼһ˲䣬˱ֱӱ˳ȥڰգѪֻײȭͷҲѾѪ죬ֻûбˡ


1816 
ŵŵš
ڵ֮çһĸ˵˶ʮĸ󲽣ǶסΡ˿̣ѪֻƶײȭͷϣѪ죬һƬѪģʮֵį}ˡ
Ұܣ
һ֮£ҰڷƵС
ײʱܹܵһؽһأһһߵӿһ֮£ˣǹѾ
˿̣ľͷһվԭأƺѾ֪ӦڵɫһƬͣĿվڲԶķơ
飬޷ܣǰˣֹǻçһıç壬ңʥ۷׾磬ȻͳԼ
ζûԤϵ顣
̨֮£çһӪڣͬˣÿһ˵϶ǴŴ뾪֣֮Ĵ֮û⡣
ʵģֹǾ磬츳ϣҲѾվһֻĳ̶ϡǴͬһ磬޷ǷƵĶ֡
ܵģⲻܵġ
֮˸Żңޱȵʧ̬侹ȻбԼǿĴڡ
Ҫ֪µڰڣûܣңƵ˵ʵҲࡣȻڴʱȴ¶˵һ棬츳֮ߣѾ֮ķ룡
һ˵֮ѾǼ£ûнĿռ䡣ƾʶ£ɳ֮ǿʡ
ԣһĻڱ츳ԣǲжġǣӵеڶ֮ȵ
ȻֿԲߣУܹ뱾ڣ
ɵƯ
Ӫڣ¹ظĴУݺݵԼȭͷ޲ǫ́Ҳȥʹһˮ
Ȼϵɫȴһ
ΪԾ̫ˣرл׶ˣڶǳŴ㵵ɫ
ڵ½֮ʱƿνǾȫܻ
ȻʱȴĪĽеıʵֱӱ뱼çƵ似õѾ޷ֱ档
Ҫ֪çһˣҲ˶ܹçģǾӢеľӢҲ֮һļʡ
ԣçһĸ¶ç֮󣬲Żľ
ȻʱȴǱ׾ٵľˡ
ѵһʥ
૳ڴžϲҲɻ
ΨһԭίıС
Ѿѭ֮ķƣͻƵһ˲䣬֮ʱؼĸִܹķǳ
ļһƻ֪Լ̻Сӡ
Сǣ¶һĨԻĹЦ̨ϵçһĸˣھϷ볰ɫ
Զʱڶܹµİ֮һ֪жǿ߿ӣȴ޹ȻʱȴǱԼ֪£͹͸˱ˡ
Ȼ֪ǣôһӣȵƴݵ״̬˳֮ʹñçĻǱ˵ˣֻ䣬Ȼֻ·һ
ȫǿ߶ǽĿ̨ϣһſͣ˺£ڳŸɫʱǵ飬Ѿ޷ˡ
˶Щ޷ܵ飬ԣƴʱռϷ磬ӵеʵԻѾ˱ç廯çһĸˡ
뵽ǣܹçһĸˣͬģҲܹǣ
һʥ۷׾ˣȻԼ֮ϣ⻻˭Ҳ޷ƽ
⡭
̨ϣ׷Ҳ޷ž޲ڳŲ˼ɫ
ľ磬ټ϶çһ屼ç˽⣬Էֱĳʱ̨ϵˣʹͬһְ塣
ңȵǣƺѾȫְ壡
ŵĵطçԲ⴫⴫ûçһʣҲ޲ְ塣
Ȼʱӵķƣȴ޳ְ壬ңƿضȸǻçһĸ֮ϡ
ôģ
׷벻Եɣ˼֮󣬱ǽйһԵһλߣ߶˼䣬߱뿪˸̨Ӫȥֱ˶ߣ˼֮󣬲Ƿ˸̨
һĻվʮԪϣȻǿУһʱʹԭ𾪵Уһء
رçһλԪϣһΪͣӱЩŤɲ
ȻΪİ׷ˣѾԷƲŨȤҪ


1817 
ŶҲҵçһĸˣվԭأĮһеڣҲһĨϲɫ
Ǳܵģ˻ȭȴû뵽ȻЧ
ȭ
ûиçһ帺̫ഭϢʱ䣬΢΢룬ȻһͷԱһ㣬һӰֱӱǳ
ⲻܵģ
ѹ棬çһĸ˲˹ͬʱɫ޾һĴڱڣȥһɫһΧĿռ䶼ǱЩɫԵЩŤ
ϻȭ
ȣɫǰ۳һֻ޴ɫȭͷһƣɫȭͷǳŷײȥ
䣡
Ƹûжȭͷֱӱɫȭͷϣͬʱһؽһصкһ쵱Уɫȭͷֱӱһϫϯȥ
ŴǴԾɫķƣçһĸڳһĨ㵣ûзӦʱ򣬷ƵȭͷѾ档
飡
һƵ쵱Уçһĸ˱ǱֱӺ˳ȥ˴ڰУѪ˻һƯߣصײ̨ϣȻſһѪ䵽˵棬ҲԵЩήҡ
ৣ
һƿ˫һչһͷԵеӥһ嫺嫣ɽƣçһĸˡ
顭
һĻõȫ˶ǴԭءһƵ쵱Уçһĸƺûз֮һһһεı˳ȥѪ䣬һ˫ȭͷǼѾѣϵɫҲʱпܻϨ
һ浹ľ棬õ˵°ͶѾˡ
˵çһĸ˴£ô־ѹԵľ棬˵ƵʵԶ
磬ʵ£бķƣ׵һδת
˶ûԤϵġ
Ȼûб£ܣçһĸɿѹһͷϧȴΪҪȥ˱ç塣
ܣ
Ȼܹ˲Ϣʱھ˱ç壬Ҳûܹ뵽ģȻܻǸʱεнԼĵʹ
Ҫˣ
Ǽûʲô֮˵çһĸˣڶӵɫ
ӵǿߣ˵ɲʲô£ңԺƽ⣬Ҳᱻơ
˿̣жǰûڲѡ
ǶѾܵˣһֱڹע״̬ôţǱȻ֪ʱɳһǿߣܹ֮ɱҡУҲͲֽ־ˡ
ʱѾˣѾɳ䣬ʥ֮ڣ˭˵ܹɱ
顭
һƵײУçһĸصײ̨ϣѪ֮󣬵棬ϵƱǼٵήȥԭӴҲۿɼٶСǱһһǻָѪһ
ҷ䣡
ĴĻվçһӪڵǸ֮ӣʱǴĽе
ߣ
ѾеһķƣܵһԼ֮εѡ˷ѾԵеçһĸˣصĺһһȭ棬ضһ
й֮󣬷Ʋ˿űվ̨ϣӵĮçһӪۿ˽çһĸ̧̨ȥ
Ӯˣ
Ӯˣ˺ģ
ǣǣ
çһĸܣӪֱӱǱһĻ޸ĸˣļݺݵĻȭͷйе˷ܡ
˿̣ʵᵽһپ٣һǷܣô壬ضܵǰδеĴçһĴܡ
ӰɭڵɫȴЩӡ
Ƕһۣ˶Է뷨ͬΪ֮壬ڷƵĹ⻷£ԵļΪ˶ֻ֪֮ţû˵ǡ
־棬һֱȥǣܹߵƵһ
ֱѹסĸоܣţ֮ˣȻ¶⣬ǣȴҲƲ֡
Ѷ֪֮ΪѹһĴڣ


1818 
ôݷ½ģʥ۷׾磬ͻӵԶѪҾʥ۷Ž׵çһĸˣ
ߵĻȣçһӪڣȴһɽţֱݵϢ
ԣѾһϢǶ˳ĬС
ˣ
˭ҲûԤϵ飬λӵԶѪʥ۷Ž׵ľǿߣȴǲҰճõǶ޷ʵǰһƬڰ
Ҳţçһ弴ˣΪǵ嵱УҲֵܹƵǿߣ
Ӫԣ˳˼С
ûеģȻҲѣЩоԹˣȴǼΪգҪôζԹ
ΪӵŮʯǳٴĴҲܹסֻҪƲһΪؼΨҶľǿߣǸʱ򣬱ضңܵ
㣬ڳĸ߲㶼֪Щأ˵󲿷жԹ壬ΪŮʯҪū壡
Ŀĵ˭ܹܹ½⣿
ر壬Щ߲ɫ˲ӬһΪѿ
˵˭Թô϶ΨĪ
Щǲ֪Ӻ˶ţңĴѹһֱûֹͣ
ҪĻǿ϶һԼ
㣬Բſơ
帺˽ĿçһӪеʱȴǷ֣ԭǿѾʱʿ䣬ԼӪ硣

̾һĸйߵһĸ߶˼䣬߱Ȼȥֱ볡ûоçһӪ

çһ壬˭һս
ǵĮռ쳹ûаУˣݺߣΪ֮֮
˭֪ʱڷŭСǰçһĸΪ˱ƳԼЩ飬ҪһеĽçһ
޷ԭµģ
صãȴû˸ҽӦçһӪĳĬУǲȥֱӷ˫ӣǷˣԸ߸ϵo̬һ
ǲµģ
飬çһû˻ӦЩ߲㣬һҧгݣҪȥȴǱçһǸ֮˸
ʱԼӪڣû˻ǷƵĶ֣ȥҲͽѡ
Щçһľʧ忪սûп֮
ȻʱΪ̨ϵĲϽõçһˣͷѹһɽһصĴϢܼѣֻܽϣĿվӪмǸ֮塣
ֱĿĸоõеҪڸضȥЩûˡ
ûһеĳ̨ͻƣתơ
ǳ˵Σ˵ͻƣܹͻƣôʥٰ߽˽׾ܹӵתƵʵأ
쵰
̨ЩҫķƣһݶҪҧˣνǺ֮ǣ޲Ҫʬβſϰݣ
Ҳֻ裬վԭأ۽ǵȴƳ̨ϵһӰ
çһԪ֮һңһĸˣʵ֮ǿᣬڼǧǰѾﵽʥ׵۷ˣ˼ǧĳȻû벽ҲǴʥ׵ļλϡ
Ŀ£վڸ̨ϵλԪϣ˸˼֮󣬲Ǿʲô

çһԪһΪǰİ׷˺
𣿡
׷ƺͲµҪʲô˫ǹ˸˸ڣǵĹâ
ˣ
ƳһԶһ˫˫ޱڴӣçһλԪĵ˵ͷ
Ǻã
׷ҲûֹǴһ̿ʼ㲻ҰԪϣ

ֽԪϼ˳ķһһ֮󣬲ȥȥ
棬û˸е⣬ٲ֣ҲçһɾҪˡ
һս
˸̨֮ǴͬʱҲףѾʧȥ˰Ԫϵݡ
ˣѡκһȻɥʧ
ǹ涨
ߣ
һĿ֮Ҳ΢ϵƣʥơ


1819 û
ΪçһһˣӵаʮԪ֮һݣߵʵӹɡ
˸̨֮󣬱һһĳ̨һ·˽ãǰһλѲһ񳼷
ϵѹʱǺǿңǣȴһļµ˭Ĳ
ƾվ̨ϣǱֱ̬˫˫΢΢ȶõΧĿռ䶼ǵһۿɼ
çһĸѾǳ׵ƿ˱çľ裬һЩ
ç壬Զʱڣçһ壬Ҳֻн۾˲ܹȫƿءϾͻȻҲԼɾ޴ѹһ˵壬޷ܵס
ơ
ȻȴһʣԶԶĳѰ˿ĵزѹ˵ȴڿԳܵķΧڡ
ңټڵũҩ䣬ܹӳʱ䡣
˵ܹһֱȥָһģǾûġ
㹻ˣڰʱڶ޷˽ôܹ֧ٳʱҲûκá
ԼŰѣ
˳Ⱥÿĵ·Ԫ֮һ¹ƲƲ죬Ȼô˵ţɫҲЩء
ܹΪʮԪ֮һǴţӵаǰʮʵȻԷڡ
ԣǶҲһЩǡ
䡭
̨߲̤һɲǣһɿֲɫ̱Ǵڱ˳ը죬ռ䶼ں̨ԵҲһ
ɫţȻûнбǣϣȴѾڷçһĸˡ
ɼʵçһ嵱֮ĵһˣ½ܹѹģҲһ֮
񣬷ʮԪϵݣԸһʥ۷׾Ҫֶνѹ
ȻһԸˣʲôˣ
ұϣ뾳磬ܹߵһȷǷ˼
ĶŷƣлȻȴ͸¶һɱ仹ɱ¶
ô
һǳǳĻȣҲ΢΢
Ŀ⣬õߺܲӦɫʱ͸Ϊһ˲ɢ
֪СΪӵһֶξͿ޵𣿣
һ˱ѸٵͬʱϵƣҲڼٵﵽһޱȾ˵ĵزӴӣ˾һͷ𺣵еĶħһľ
ϻ죬̨ڣƴƬɫĻ𺣵УҲǸܵһɳصѹ
˫ȶͬɢһǽɫ𺣸뿪ȥɫҲǸΪࡣ
ȭ
Ʋûбϵ壬෴ģս˫һչɫ𺣣ֱӱǳȥ
Сӣ
ߴʱһ˫ˮһɫһֱӱǳǾ޴ȭͷһɾصƣײ˹ȥ
䡭
ȭͷֱײһ𣬴֮䣬һʱǱһըͬʱһɾ˵ϫҲǴоϯ
ײһ˲䣬˿ûԥģֱӱǽȫк
һ˲䣬ܵǹһһһظһظߵߵɫֱӾͱˣͬʱײֱֻҲɵһ˱Ǳǹ˳ȥ
ŵŵš
˫ˣײ֮󣬲ǶסΡ
˽õȫһ
벻ףΪҪԪ֮һķƣӵܹ֮ʵأ
ѵǷˮ
ɱȻߣֱӾųֿԡ
ôֻ˵ƵʵѾܹʮԪ֮һǿ߲ˣ
ģ
ӪǱ߶ʱǱһ󻶺ÿһ˶ǼΪ˷ܣϲɫɫΪ
ӣӵһλ̨ǿˣӵǿڣ˭壿
çһӪǱȴɵˣһ鶼ǵȵףĩսԼͷһ
ôܡ
ȭͷϴľʹһĨš
ܹܵĵƱʵȷ֮£ǣص÷Ƶﵽĵز
ҾͲܹһֱȥ
һҧۣʱٴαһͷħ㣬ŷ˹ȥ


1820 
˭֪ҪӵһǾͱһ̶ֳܹʡ
ʵģԱçл֮ʵͻǣȻԭܹܵסˣԣ˭ûа취һֱȥ
ͬΪƾûа취֧Ŷá
ǣ
ǳԼߣһаȵĻȣƲмƳûκεԥҲԱһȻƾˡ
䡭
̨ϣӰϵĽڼ䣬һըϵ쳹ĳϵľڶǴ𺳵ɫ
˾ȻƴĲ£ңһײУϵԾ½ƣͷϹ˺ˮ
ȻһߣȴһûһûжѹԵЩд⣬𽥵ռϷ磡
ⲻܵģһǼѾֱˣӦòڼȥһǿװԣװģһװģ
أԲѵֱۣȭͷϴľʹھǻңϵҡͷġ
ӷƱڣѾʮˣҲܳôʱ䣬ţһʥ۷׾ǿߣܱԼǿᣡ
ȥ
ڷųѪ˿һ͵Ķڵϣõĵһٴα˳Ƴ˹ȥ
䡭
һը죬˵˻صײ̨ϣһûסһѪʱ˳ͬʱɫҲԼҵ
ƣȴûд󰭣ֻһ΢飬ٴѪ
Ȼţǣӷȭͷϴǲ˥಻ϵ֪ƴʱȷǺɡ
εõçһıçģ
ͷҲ벻ƾģңô죬ͻһõ𺳵ױȡ
Ʋ֮ĻôԻỳɣҲԼڹߵţ
ٲģҲ֪ԼѾز˾档
ˣ
Уһγ
˵ʼǱһţûκηܹǿһֱΪֹδôҰܹȻǰһС
飡
һ죬ٴεɶϵҲʼήȥԭӴҲڻС̣ǻָ
Ѫɫǲ԰׵ˣرһ˫ȭͷѪ죬ȭϵĹȫ飬ֱأԶţѾ޷ٴ
ûٳֻ֣ǿ̨վţĿֱڷϣȻڷƼٴγֵʱ򣬵˵䣡
³ֵʱ򣬳ϣֱӱ뵽һֹļžУ̨ϵҲͣһ͵ĿߵĶ̬
Ҫ֪߿ǰʮԪ֮һʵֲľˣǰ벽֮µǿߣôһ绹У
ȻʱľȴڸˣȷˣѾûеĶԿ֮ϵĴˣûһʱҲ޷ָ
䣬ȷܵһ飬ǣܱҪá
ƾԲԼ飬սȥ·һԣȲѵ£ѡ䣡
ⲻΪԼΪԼˣˣ˭֧壿
ȻˣϣȴûȡЦڷŵĴ򶷵Уܹܵǿ
ʵǣĶ̫ǿˣ
ɫӵĮվ̨ϵӣʱ˿̣˶޷Լе
磬ѾֹܹĽŲˣ
ͺԶʱڵ𣬴̤·ʼһֱ޵Уѹһˣǿ֮⣡
壬ѾˣԶʱڵĻԻ֮·
ģͬʱһЩһԺڣȴһ˵
壬֮һŮ洹죡
Ҳġ
ȻԶʱڣȻǿ󣬵ǣȴǵ޵УǣȴҲ̨Ǹ˿ˡ
ЩһţҲŮ洹ԭϾܹҳ
Ϊڵĳ̶ȣѾ˵֮

ȻģҪȥǣڴʱҲֻͣˣĮĿǰߣĿкڸǵ͸¶ɱ
ǿߣ˵һ
ٱȥçһ䣡
ϸĴһƺȥǷƣг̾һתŸ̨ϵİ׷˴˵


1821 
çһˣ
֮ǰ˭ҲûԤϵ飬Ͼ˫֮Ĳ಻ν󣬲ʵʵԶԶѷçһ壬Ȼȡʤ
ǣʱȴû˸е⡣
ң˴ȡʤĹؼֻһˡ֮壬ƣ
˿̣Ӫڣһﶼˮݺᡣ
ʵˣһ۷壬ԶʱڵĻԻͣڵλϣѾгļѾ˿ɵĵز
ȻˣҲûΪԼ޵ˣ壬Ҳûд˵Ҫư԰½
Ŀֻ꣬ǰʮܹģ㹻ˣ
Ӯˣ
ǰʮˡ
ˣ
̨ǵoӰӪڣ˶ֲʵĸоһУһЩš
ƣʱҲһĨϲɫ
ܹ治ףǼڵǱܣͻƣǡ˱ç壬ƾڵʵ޷ȡʤġ
ڳ֮УƼʶģʸ˫˵ʵɱʥ۷Ž׾ǿݽ档ãԼҲˣ
˵Ѿվһ۷λϣκʥ׾ǿ߿⣡
÷Ƿˣȥǳᣡ
ǾһŶᵽͷеҲ֣Ǿûдﵽʥ۷壬пʸûС

ĺһڵ֮󣬷ƽ̧ͷǼͶ
ɨܣǷ֣Ӫ˳ŵУȥԼֱӡоηģҲлȻģȻɱķ
ǿܶ嶼ᵣ̲ԼЩоԹ壬ǻ̻̲Ҫçһ忿£
Ȼçһˣǣʵ̣ȴӹɵģ´ʱӵ˷ǿߣҪçһ壬Ҳǲܵ顣
˵ԲǺ£ңǳȫçһ壡
ʱϵϲñǻΪУɫͬʱҲ˶Ǽ⡣
λԸǰСӷƣս˻ᣬҪ˵һ顭
ջĿ֮󣬷ƿڣȫȴͬʱҲȫĿٴμϡ
˿̣У˵ģ븴𣬻Ҫ̲壬԰½йءԣܶ˵ϣһ
̨ϵλ׷ˣ˿̣üͷ
ʢ˭йǸʱڣҲǺ·Ƴ嶯£ʱһãǺпܻ½սС
ϣ顣
һ˫˫¶ͬɫӣƵûжͬʱҲã˲Ҳ
Ϊκһ壬ӵ˾ʵǿߣҪһҵû˭⡣
ܶ˻ţҷҪ𣬻ߣҪ¡
Ļڳϻصţ˵˼֮˵ڶ¶ɻɫ
˵˵ĿĲ棿
ֻ˵Ǵˣ
ϣɴ˶٣ż˵ûôСۣǰĳԹ˵ʵһСңЩ˽⣬ңҲȥ˽⣬ϾȥôõˣʱĥһУȻҲĥޡԣֻҪǲ鷳ԺǿԺƽ
⻰̨ϵλ׷˲˿Ҳ¶͵ɫ
շ磬ȷû˵أӦһ˼ĳɳ
С嵱Уܹվ۷壬жôۣѾĵˣԣǺ
ͬʱĸ߲Ҳͬ˿
Ͼֳ˵а֤ƻᷴڵļʺܵ͡ңôˣҲòٺô
ҵ롭
Ƶһ仰ֱӱ˵Ŀ⣬ĿĳϣĿˣܶ˻˵Ȼǳư£٣ҲӦ°һǺǣôĵ飬ǽȥɣûǸҲûȤգļ֤£ҷش˵ֻҪλ壬ô岻ԶԳ壬çһκһ巢ַ
Ϊ̫ˣԼΪˡ
һϯõȫ𾪡
ʵģȻô˵ˣҪ̲壬ôػһֹܶ
Ȼȴ⣬Ǿçһ壡


1822 ߣɱ
ƵһϯõĻǵ˳׵ķˡȻçһˣͷȴѹһɽЩһɫǼȵѿ
ȻߣǴʱڷǾԵʵ£ȴûа취ǿķ
˶֪Ҳçһ壬ڿʼܡ
̨ϣ׷ԲԵüͷȴ
çһǰ嵱Ϊǿ壬ǰͬҲʵ
˲Ը⿴顣
Ȼֱŷƺһ֮ҲԼڣҲ޷һζԹ

̾һҲû˵ȰĻ
ȻܹĳԹȴŲ壬϶Ϊ޷ԭµ顣
˾û̫룬ǣ˭Ҷں˶֣ôҾԻ᲻һеĽ֮𣬲˭κ壡
˵Ƶгɱ뱩壬ҲļɱϯһԾĵĺι˵ļ䡣
Ҫ֪Լ˾ۣ˭ҶǾҪصĴۣ
ۣ֮ߣɱ
һõ磬Сӯϲ
֪ƲûжԸֻҪԼˣ˶ѣ
Ȼϲ⣬Ǵ˿̣Ҳûжŷû׳־Ϊһϯõ˵С˼
˿̣ưȻվ̨֮ϣȺۣѹȫһ޵еһ㣬Ŀ˶ǵͷ­ȥ֮ӡ
ϵһЩ仯ǻĻֱָϵƬһƬƬ˫Ҳ˻ȥ
̨֮࣬Сˣһʱӭȥ˽ĻС
ǿģƶʱЩ޴룬Ҳų̂ϵļĮϵǻ顣
Ǻǣһ˼Сһ
̨ϣæҰοŮķƣ׷˸˸°İ룬¶һĨЦ⡣
ΪЩߣʶָΪΪΪˣԲֶΡ
ǣڴ֮ͥ£ܹ˲ԼȥοŮ˵ˣȴǰδ
˵顣
Ӫڣ˲ûΪǻҲ֪ģԸų߲ʺһ쵼ߣ෴ģȴǷһů
쵼ߣҪģ
һﻹôӰˣ
¹عһΣһܲ˵ģõл׶˶ǲɵһ֡
˽ķƣͬʱҲֻǷƵ飬뵱½ϣʱݵ΢ܹΪĸŮﶾ񸮣ַɼУ˵ĵλԶԼ֮ϣ
Ĳ
СǳֱִڷԺ쳹ǱѾڵϵСޣƵ΢΢һ䡣
⴦ռڱٴÿһ̨϶ǴȻ죬Ƶ첻ڶֻ壬ȴû˶
ƣҲһЦݵŮ֣˿ȥǲĿ⣬Ҳȥ
˵ЩҪҪǣܹƽ֣
һʱ䣬һεİȣĻĽȻǰʮȴûжı䶯µĸҲһΡ
õ겻ѣǰųѾΪ˹ȥڣ˸ۣ

ڷƻصԼԺ䵱вãлͨ˵Ƕ£ûа취ֻǰȥ
ڵԺ䵱еʱȴЩ̸ңĻУһ뾴η
ⲻɵõķһǿ첽߽˴С
棬ˣһķԣһǶһˣҲİλվڸ̨ϵİ׷ˣҲǰ

˽˰ػһ֮󣬷ƶ˵̬ҲǷǳ𾴡
˵ػһĿԼһֻΪػԼҪػĶڣŬ
ؿ
˶̬ȣ˵Ҳ΢΢¶һĨ΢Цûκμӵĳ֣ʾԱߡ
Ҳûн飬Ǵ󷽷˹ȥ˵Աߡ
Ȼһ˲ţ
Ĵһ֮˿ڣ͵


1823 ĳŵ
ˣ
ֱ׵Ŀ佱ڨڨһЦԵЩ
Ҳ飬ǣȴЩϰߡ
ҿûй
˴˸ķӦ֮ϵЦŨˣ֪γƺģ
ɻĿ㣬ûע⵽
𣡡
Ϊ˵ĸ
֮
ˣҲòϣһѾҲˡ
ܹѹһȷ˵гΪǱʡ
ϾǸҲܹһֻǺ£ܹѹˣ
ǣȴˣѾѹһ
ҲɵЩڴȵɳǰ벽ɾͰ벽֮λ֮󣬽ξ˵ı֡
ҲǸʱؼ䣬Ķ֣

ȴһ㶣ƺûоϲֻǾú⡣
Ĵ˵ڷҲ٣ȷԶʱڵÿһλ𣬶һֱ޵ÿһλѹһˣϵĴڡ
Сһ񻹲̫⡣
飬˲ɵĵ٩
ûС
ҡͷǷһĨЦ
ƺɲãĵǴȥԻһơ
ϲƽķ˵ȴһ鷳飬ңµľ˻ʹһЩСֶΣԼ˶֡
ϵɫУ˿٣ʱ˾ףȷһˡ
һԵĶȴǲ˵ֻǴ΢ЦĿˣǵĶԻ
һǺܺ棬Сӣʲô
֮˲ʳԼ⡣
⣬ĵطȻҲˡ
ҵ롭
Ƶɫı˵ܹԼ˲˵裡
ȷһֱĿģһУΪĿŬš
ôһǿΪϣܶ飬ûѡڱֻܲϵǰУ
򵥵һ仰õķ˳ĬС
ֻǷƵĿģô붫ܹĵ׾ʲôܹӵнյĳɾ͡
ԣ˵ɫҲǱЩء
ҲܶһʼĿĶܼ򵥣ֻҪƽƽĶɹһǣȴǹƽõԭ˼뵥ˣҲΪһЩĿģĲֶΡ
Աƣ
ǹµĸ֣Ҳܶ˲Ϊҵ統вƵĴڣǣȴ֪ÿһˣһʼģֻǣʹе⣬Ȼ޷ȥ

뵽ԼЩ飬˲ɵĳ̾һϵɫ
ֻҵ磬ܹϽȡȷǺ£ǣ֮£ȴǻԼԣ
ûԣǻʣʲô
ҰޣǶħ
ҲܶΪԼ棬ħ顣
ѵ𣿡
һĨã
⻼ڣΪ˲ӪһʵϵķΧȻЩ벻ǣַΧɶԵľ
Сӣֻϣ룬ܹһֱȥ
ã˲̧ͷֱŷƣһص˵
һģ
նĻӦ
Ǿͺã
⻰˵ɫ͡
Ǻ·ƻ˶ʺˣôӵʵķƣԻΪѣ
Ժʲô飬ֱң
˱վһ仰ƮȻȥûаټ׷Ѱ
ǿʵ
ܲȥķƣаһ䣬һĨ
ҲΪµһ仰¶һĨϲɫ
һ仰ķνأ˵бƵ·һƾ˵ŵܹƽĶɹ
ƣѾչ־棬ǲҲӦÿǼ̳˻ʸ֮λˣڴʵ
ҪΪǱ֮壬ˣ඼ԸƣܹΪ

ͷɫֱӾͿȥ
ϣиʱȥԼļˣǳΪ˻ʸĸԺҪ˻ʸΪˣ
ģճһЩ£һᴦֻǣд·ʱҪѣ
Ȼһڴʲô⣬и֪̾ж˶֮λã͸һȴϣɷˣ
ٺ٣Ǿûϵ
΢΢һЦ˹֣ǾͶлˡ


1824 Ϊ
ڼ̳˻ʸ֮λƲǺģֻǣʱ˻ʸڴӦ֮Ĳӻ˻ʸȷ峤棬Ȼ
ɶˣֻҪΪСͿˡ
ӦҲĻϲ޲ֱŷƻص壬ĵϢȥ
ʲôʱذ½
ѹеļʵ
ϾڷѾﵽʥ۷徳磬˵Ѿ壬ڴȥҲˡ
Ҫһʱ䡣
Ƴһأڿ֮գһᣡ
飿ѵǳ֮еö
һüͷȴ
棬ɲһǵ飬ңһεᣬԻǣڶĶɲܹǵģһãǻ֣֮
Ͼ飬˼ҲϵᣬǣҲԻڰһЩСǻֶѣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷԺһžʱɵıǸоһͷʹ
ǧ򲻸ã˷ϲݵĻŪǳľᣬ֪δ
ǵʱǻʸ˫ΪԷҪɱԼҲȥǣģ˼ҺĻԼȴѣʧȥ֮
˵ԭԭԼԼܾ͵ʲôҲûз
Ҳɡֻһ뵽п˵ңоһƣԵ޹ʵбǻЩ꣬ɱ˵ĳ嶯
ֻĵݣΪͷ֮һ壬ô޸Լ
İɣһᴦõģὫ鷳壡
ĶüͷƱ֪ڵʲôǳĵı֤
ͷЩҶ֮⣬µκˣңңҪԸҲһ׵顣
˼ȥɡ
⻰üͷһչû˵Ļ
ʶͷ֮һĺӵܣύһλ벽ۣ˵ƵıҲѾǷǳǿˡ
һ֮󣬷ƲصԼԺ䵱С
ʱѩȴѾԺ֮ڡ
Сӣ
¹һֱӱǳ˹һ˷ܵĴ˴ؿڣǣȴ紸˾һȭͷʹ۵Ĺֽвѡ
ʱķƣѾﵽһ޷ĵزȻʥ۷ףǣʾѾﵽʥ۷Ž׵ĳ̶ȣ
һȭȥԿȻ¹ء
СӾģǸģôôӲĹͷˣϵ˦ֱۣɫЩࡣ
ҪռˣƼȭõνСͨ˽ȭͷڸϵʹԶͷû鶼ʹǿˣ
ã
ûĵһۣǸһҩԡ
ɣǻ˵һЦ磬СΣϲЦտ
ƽʱ첻µزµģǣԴ˷֮󣬲֪ʲôвǵˡ
һ֮ͬЦ̸ǻص档
Z֣ãçһᷴ𣿡ƻһɫһԵĹZʵ
ᣡ
Z˵ͷȻҲһ˵ңпܾΪϵԽãԽǲ
ʵģƵٶȣçһ嶼Ǹе־壬ôɳȥֻò˰ʱ䣬ƾһܹ֮޴룬ĺ޵ֿ֮ǸʱǾֻˡ
çһ壬壬ʱ䣬ԣ֮󣬽һս
Z־ãҪôܹʧͣ
ʱƲʤ
˵çһ壬ʵҪǿڵ壬ȥƴأ
ԣĺܼ򵥣Ǳʵȥ
ʥѧȻǺܺãǣǾͱҪ½ϵǷƲϣġ
Ȼ˶ʥѧѣҲʵϾڰ½ϵ͸Щ˽뵽ʥѧ֮ڣǽѣ
Ϊ㣡
򵥵ĸ֣Zһ֮˵ǰɵһ
ʵģǴʱۼ壬çһӲƴĻǾֻ·һ
ԣǳزҪسǳأû㹻ǿߵǳҲ൱ĳģңҲزסԣûбҪν
νĻΪ㣬ǷгǳأɢڸأԽλս


1825 иɻ
һΪ㣡
¶⣬֣͵
㣬벻ZôһѣȴǻȻ
ȷǶԸçһõֶΡ
̵ģһԴôģôôֶζܹĳ
¹ɫЩͣ˵ŹZǿһͷһ
Ȼ˵ȴһ
ֻзƲף˵ͷ벻ļıҡĹZ˵ȴǺѵ顣
ǵĳκ飬κξƣֻҪһ۾ͻȻģҴзӡ
Ǻǡ
ZǳǳһЦû˶Գ֣ƺ˵ֻһ΢ѡ
һһ飡
˶٣˵Ϊ֮ǿ齨һЩСӣȫɾǿɡôһȿɧŵ壬ܹǵߣʱЩСֶӣԻΪΪͷʹĴڣ
ã
Ļ£ƱٴνкãҾòô죡
ȷԼ綫ּǿߣ˭ܹǣʱçһĴУҲǴ׵ˡ
֮󣬷ֱӽٴ빫ZһЩϸڵĵطǽƻ
֮ǰҪЩ
ֻ뵽ĳЩ֮󣬷ϵϲɫǻһأڸ˸ɱ

ȻĿһĨɻ
ǺǣһЩС¶ѣһȥõġ΢΢һ䣬¶һĨĻȡ
޶ۣ뵽˵ϡ
ϾЩЩҪʥѧ˿ǲ١˵ÿһڵ½ȶᷢôһˡ
ʥѧ͸ô͸Ӳ˵ˣҲѾƿ˱˵Ҳ˵
ЩôЩȥ͵ϮľӢСӲܵΧˣ
һ֮󣬶ȥˣȥ޸ĸĸ飬ûģһͨˡ
ϾһˣּǴĹؼʱ̣ǻᱧһġ
󣬻һʱ䣬ҲûСΣл׶˱ǽ뵽˰߲ڡ
ɻ뽫Ҫ׼á
ڣӵоʵκ飬¾鷳Σܹܹȫѡ
ңչֳԼʵ֮壬Ҳ˶
ֻçһѣȴǷķˡ
ԶЩ̽ӵע£СνӽһӵгƷӪУСγ֣ȻĽΧȫɱ
ǰƷʱ򣬷ȴûҪĴ㡣
˱ç壬ܹԼ츳Ǳ´ʱľǱѹһϣǣƾϷħϱç壬ѾܹŽ׵Ĵˣ
Ʒ飬ȴǺСһͷСһǣǲ˸ϼļ׿ǣǳӣȴõ˲С
ΪûնɱƷ飬ԣû֪Ʒ⣬ͬʱҲ÷ͷ۵ĵط
Сν뵽֮󣬷ƱȥԼһˣѡ񵥶ԡ
ûжģͷĳƷһͷ뵽˲˶Եĳ򣬶ʱǷ

һƱתç壬ʱһɲһĲǴӿ̣˱Ƿ˷츲صı仯
ɱ
սΪֱӳǼϵķĳƷϮȥ

ڳƷͷ­ϵʱ򣬱ŷһײͷƷ飬Ҳ˱˳ȥ
ɡ
ƵĶûͣһһεĳȥƷ鲻ϵĻɡ
Ȼϣȴûκεϲɫ
ΪĹڳƷļ׿ϣȻһ׺۶û£˵ܴˡ
ôַ
ǾĿԼĳƷ飬̲ס˳顣
ڸղţƷͷ㲿βԹȴûҵκε㣬иɻ
ʵģǳƷǰһֱɱпܣҲƳ˳Ʒķ޷֮ɱ
֨
󣬳ƷǷӦ˹зУƺںԼ£ͬʱһ磬ֱӱײơ
ҹ
붾ʵѾĹ켣ǱĿˣֱȭȥ֮˳ȥ


1826 ʱ
ಡ
СĳƷһһεĶԷƷ˽һӰϵĳϵıˣƺ֪ƣϣҲδ˺ۡ
ֻܷˡ
ųײһαһص̾һһԶѾ׷Ǵߡ
ǣҪߵʱȴǼڳƷڿնʱ丹֮£ȴһ۵İ׺ۣʱһĨ⡣
ǵ׺ۣڼ׿֮£ֻгƷڿնʱ򣬼׿΢΢ſŻ¶
Ӧþ㣡
ͣסΣϣ۳һվԭأȴųƷٴײ
Ʒ飬ԾͲ֪ԼѾ¶ǰ˵У֮󣬱һƤһ˻
ڣ
Ʋ˷ͻȻ𣬳ųֱӱǻգ볬Ʒ齻ء
ûлͷƵǱ¶һĨǳǳЦ⡣
󷽣Ʒײ˵棬ûٴĸ֮£һ׺۱Ѫٵɢ֮˫ʯӣȥ
İôڷ
䡭
̹˲ӿضڲţڶȫСɽ飬ԶˮϮõķƻع
תͷƷʬָڣƱͷҲصĳԶȥ
ɲһȺѾ顣
ȵǰٴСոǸӵд⣿

Сλص˼ϵ֮󣬾ѯʣ˲ǵ֪ƾȻҪɱƷ飬ʱǶǵһ
Ʒ飬ɴûκɱɹңҲиɻӵͬȽ׵ʵҲδܹƿķ
ȴġ
޷նɱƷ飬û⣬ԱǶĵԭصȴ
ûãһӰǴԶʼӶ
ǵ
ۼСεһǷˣ˵ע⡣
ʱϵȻòǣȴûа˺ۣɨһ֮˿
Сӣɱɹ𣿡
¹ЩԾԣźɫʵ˫۾ڷɨš
ţ
ŮͶһǰο֮󣬷Ʋǵ˵ͷּ䣬ǽͷƷʬ˳Ķڵϡ
ҵ죬ĳɹˣ
ͷѾĳƷ飬˲ɵĶǵԲ۾ڣ͸¶˼ɫ

û뵽ƾȻܹЩԶʱ֮壬ʱڶ޷顣
ҵĹԹԣǳƷ鰡
¹ǰȥڳƷļ׿ãһ׿ǵӲȣоȵ૳
ɻǣƷϲû˺ֻۣи֮£ȴǲϵʳѪɻ
Ϊʱǳڿն״̬׿ûſ׺ۣȻǱڵסˡ
˷ƵĽ֮˲֪ˣԭƷҲǺԣֻǣȴٷֶѡ
ϾԳƷٶȣܹ֪˭ܹɱ
˵һöƷܹ˽һȼ˵ɱʮͷƷ飬㹻ȫʥ۷ˣ
ųƷ飬¹ؿʼˣһĻȻѾõ졣
ֻεǣȻѾƷɱˣǣôƿͷ­óأ
ԣҡҡͷ
ɣô죿
ķҲûа취ԭ˷ܵе¹һֱӾͱйƤһ޾ɵġ
һֻܷسУѯʹZ
ƷУȥĴһ֮󣬹ZĿͣڳƷĸ֮¡
˫֣Ƭ׿ǰǿǼǵİ׺ۡ
ҲһҪƿͷ­һԽȡ
Zָָǵѵİ׺۲λ
һ֮󣬽Ʒڿգǽö˳
˸ʹ⻪ˣڶһĨޡ
ֲɫΪ޷ݣرڳŮӣڸ¶Եɫ
ȻпȴҲ˷ʱ䣬һͬɱ飬ƷҲûзŹ
ֽȵʱ£һתۼ֮գˣ
ֳ֮Ķ磬ԣϣȻҲעǰųǱѾˣһûʸڡ
ɼжˡ


1827 ̳
ųǣģҲؼһλĵطνǼΪһء
ȻôһȴǸռˡ
õһЩҪ壬Լռ
ǣǶʧˣ
ӹ£û˻ɹ
벻ͨǣͷƺҲԴ˲Ųʣ֪ǿԭ
֮ͷƺûдųǵ⡣
ưɴڣֻȴҲһЩĶҪҫһѡ
ֻҪǴԶʱҪռݰųǵ뷨ΪڰڣһʵΪֲˡ
ʱڰųڣȺһƬɫĺ󣬷ۿȥֻǲڰ֮
ڳڣڳ⣬Զ֮ڣҲӰӪء
峿ʲǷʱ˵ĿⶼǼϵĳеһż
һϵļ̳޾µķ꣬⴦̳õŴÿ֮գǻ˵ؼء
ܶΪģҲ㣬ͬʱΪǵһλ֮أǶɫʡ
ϼ֣ɣ쿪ʼ޵ѹһˣĪʧããµУ֪
ֱڣִΪλɽ磬ûǷɽ˶ѡ

ৡ
һ貵Ĺâƶһ˳ڰڵĴʹ֮ϡ
Ϊʵǣһʱ䣬ǽҪȫ׼ˣڣһѾ뵽˱չصС
Ҫʼˣ
ַǷƵɫ
ûз˻ʸԺ䵱Уֱ߳˰ȺΪӵĽֵϡ
Ľֵʱͱ˼ˮйͨķƴӰ߳˶¶ɫ
Ͼ˵ųĴ
Ȼ嶼һĵ̣껥ս˴˻ǧټƵȥɱԷӪڵһЩʲӣӶ£ܹɳľǿߣ֮٣
ʱգѾ޷棬һһҲŵߣȥ
ȻǶԵΣ
˵У½̫ƶ񤣬ԣҲûȥ½ΪΪ
ͺڴееĴ壬ԲȥһƶСᶫһġ
Ǿ̫ˡ
ԣƴӰ֮߳˵ɫЩŹ֡
ϣ½˶ҪȥˣҲ֪˭Ǹӵģ
֪ˣѵΪ½𣿼ֱǲ֪νҾãӦȡ˲ᣬǲμӣֱ˷ʱ䣡
ǰ˵½˶ǳԴһţڿȻ
ָĳЦϵĴõķƵüͷɵһҲ
ɨܣһɵ˳ȥõЩ˶ɵĴ˸һ㵵Ŀ
󣬷ҲûдһһȥǼƽϣȥЩ𾪵Ŀ⣬ϣɢһ㵭ѹȺż̳ڻ߶ȥ
һ·ϣֻҪǰˣǻᱻһεſȻ񣬲ڸܵż֮ǻʵʵ÷ͨ
ð򣬾֮صļ̳ǺԶԣҲûѶǽӽ˼̳ĸ
ڰڵı棬һļ̨ɢһɹ϶ֲɣϢõķĵһ
ϵļ̳ϣܵһϣȻܵȴģ΢ĸӦƾȻоһϢѹһɽѹļһص޷
⴦ϵļ̳ÿ֮ձ˻ݡУȻٶմһЩ
ôƾõ£⴦ϵļ̳˸ϣȻ˵ܹͨ飬ҲԲǼ򵥵һʯĽˡ
ʱ⴦̳֮µĹ㳡ڣμÿһռһطһЩŵĵطҲ˸ȥռݡ
Ϊ⴦̳Ĺ㳡ͱ󶥼Ϸ֣ÿĿ֮գȻʥﲻ֣ǣЩҲǻǰ
Ϊÿ꿪֮գ̳ǻ¶񼣣ܹ˴һĺô
Ȼǿ̳ԽЧ͸áȻŹԴ


1828 Ů
񼣣
ŶһЩ˵֮ҲһĨɫ
˵ÿ꿪֮գӼ̳ϱǻɢһ⣬Щ˱ܹ⵱лһĺôʵõһ
ΪǴģģԣȻкôǣȴҲǺܴ󣬶ңһ˵Ǳ츳Խõˣ⵱лõĺôԽ
ѹЩÿο֮ն
ϵĽ֮󣬷ƲǻȻˡ
Щ˵ϣԲὫʱ˷ĵ档
ͬʱҲЩڴҪ⿪֮յ񼣾жഫֵʲô˵Ч
ʱţϵҲĳȥΪˣѾˡ
ꡭ
һ绮Զʣ콫һ㣬ȫ˾
һ貵ףһ࣬ںŵĮΧ˵ʱ򣬶͸¶һɸһȵİȻ
ƾʵҲ㹻ǴĶˣڼΪݣܹȺۡ
۵ǣǵеһߡ
ݿݣҲǺܸߴ󣬵ǣϵϢȴǼΪˣƺڵѾǿ޷ȫѹסĵز
ΧЩ콫ǿߣߵʱ򣬶Ǵһ־ηĿ⡣
ĺҵˡ
λ֮󣬷΢΢һС
һλ벽ۣңǻһǧĻʯʵ൱Ŀֲˣ䣬Ѿѷ֣
ԣĺλڵݱ˳ȥ֮ϣٴαһ󾪺֮
벽۵ݣǴ£˾̾Ŀ⣬һλoһ
ȷںܶ˵Ѿ൱oһĴˡ
ʱϵ볡Ƿǳľˣֻȱĺĺ䶯ȻҲǺǿˡ
һΣĲֹλ벽ۣһ˵ĳõȫȻ
һŮӣǳȹѣģȶˣһ˫ۣԣһۣͻԶȥ
ĸ̬ӯڷᣬᣬպй󣬾ɽظֱһ۶ȥϸԲβ޳˫ȣһ˿覴á
һһЦ֮䣬¶һ˵ķϡһ京ŵĺɫõ壬޶ףǧģױȡ
ңһ㵭ɫĹλƣħŮ·ݲʩۣ֬ȴѩ׾ӨˮӨӨˣӣ񹤾ĵɣЩϢ
𾪵ǣħŮӳƣȻǲǰλ벽۶١ȻƲǶʮŮӣȻҲһλ벽ۣ
𾪵ĵط
λŮӣҲǺϤǣߵλɫȹŮӣܶȴǷǳϤ
ӵдһŮ֮Ƶġ죡
վŮߣͣһ̶ˮ϶ɢһĭϢ
ôȻŮӣ϶Ǵĸ߲㣡
ⲻɵ˵һһ˫˫֮ڶ͸¶˼ɫ
Ȼһλ벽ۣ
𾪵Ϣ˿̣λ벽۶޷ƽ
һ֮أҲǵ֮鱨ģֲÿһ䣬˵κεطһһӲߡ
УǾһŮĵطȻȴûϵַ³Ȼһλ벽ۣ
ôȻģֹƾܳƶڣʵϣҲκζˣ
Ůӣһ˫˫𾪣㵵ӣǣҲȻ¶һĨǳǳĻȡ
ʹǰһǴ죬һˣǸӣڣΪӢϳһɫӣϵȶţǷĿϣҲ¶һĨЦݣԿɳڶŮеİӡ
뵽˹㳡֮˲ջߣ֮ʱǿ˶ԷڵľȻ
ŮӣѵǴ
ľ֮󣬷Ʋɵв²⣬ͬʱҲ֮̾
ϴγ֮¼ûɳκǿǰ
ȻֻϵģУ˭Ҳ֪ûдˡ
Ȼ˴ο֮գȴ¶棬ңȻһλ벽ۣ¶˴ڱصõľġ
õɫ


1829 ĵ
߼ΪӴ㣬鲼磬˵ÿһ飬Ӳߡ
ԣܹԴ㣬˲ǲ֪
ǣֻҪ񱦳ԻԤԣ㴺ƾܹռȡһЩСˣУҲɲʲô
ʱԾӵа벽ΪĺŮӳ֮Ƕһ벻顣ǲףԴĵ̣һλ벽ġ
ңڵԭҲΪһֱûκĵرңΪṩ鱨Ů
ȴһֱӳһλ벽ۣ˵Ҫö飡
ɲһõǰף
ʵģǴΪһĶ֮ôԺ˭ӵ鱨Ĵȥᶫ
ʵģûκܹĴڣ
ֻһֱǱڰзչĴѡڽձ˵Ѿ±Χˣ
ڶǵĵطҲпܣⴺܹĳΪͷ
ɲһջڸ󶥼ĵ̣󲻿֪ܲ˵ڴ֮ڣӵλ벽ϵǿߴڣ
˼ˣ뵽֮󣬶ʱɵĵһһƬ𾪵ɫ
ֵĺŮӣȥΪᣬǣӳƣѾڻһǧĺҵڣ
ȻģҲڸһ棬ǣڴ֮ڣҲбŮΪΪĴڣԣ˭ͷĻ󲻽⽫֮
ԭ˳ĸ򣬱һͷ͵ϻõ˶ЩܲˣֻˣƺѾΪˡ
˼ǡ󾿾ӵȵĵ̵ģҪ֪󶥼඼ĺᣬ̲νǿᣬ򣬻еԴƿУ󲻿ȻϢĵõԴ
ֻ˵Ҳ;߱Ӵĵֻ̣ǣһֱû¶ѡ
ңǰҪƿش󣬵ǣûеóѣϢ˶˵
ʱǻɣҲ봺йϵĶģֻǲԸϡôҲڴ󰵴ǹģ
뵽棬вɵһ
ȻһʼӦþ߱ĵ̣ǣȴԸ·֮£Ҳһۣ
õ˼
ص󾿾ǳʲôĿģĵ̣
ֻǣȴûܹµһλѡ
Ĵһλôĵ̫̾ˣ
Ҫ֪޾£ЩΪ಻ϵķ޾µУǱĵļˡ
ʵģȴǴûжụ̀
ֱõЩҵвɵһ
ôʱĴ󣬵治ν£㲻ܳǵͷǣҲж֮ϵĴڣ
ⲻһЦѣ󲼱磬ǵһһڴߵƿصС
˭˵Լ֮ڣûб̽ӣ
Խţ˵ģԽǳأǸһЦĺŮӣһĸӡϵգҲ˶ı䣬ԵЩƣЩҲĳȥ

ȻҲ뵽Щȥֻǣ˵ǳΪĵͷҲûʲôӰ졣
ֻǣ뵽Ҫﴺ봺ƿأһա
ƺҪȫµ˰
ͷȣʸ˫ĹϵֻǢˣң׷ɱĿԺܴ壬ƶԼҲкøУԼĵףЩ֪ˣǻԼƴ
ٽⴺ󡭡
ƺУҲһѣ
ʦ֪ⴺԺʵ
ô֪
ûĻشֻǣУҲһ־ڡ
Ȼ봺˴һЩȴҲ˽ģȻҲֻǱѡ
أ
ƶڻðһͷСʵ
ǸŮϢеϤ
ۺֱڷԺ𣬶ʱõ
ֻһҲ벻ˡ
仰÷Ҫĳ嶯
û˵ʲô𣿣


1830 ͷ
СΪ񣬵Ǹ֮£ȻǼʶ㡣ֻǣԶʱЩе壬壬಻ʤҲȫ˼סֻЩģӡѡ
ңӡģǺʣǵʱӡΪ̵ģԣôԶ£ɻϤĸо
˼ǣŮӣһ
ѹе֮󣬷һѿʵ
š
СͷϢˣӦöǸʱڷġ
Ǹʱڣ
һһƬãȻ˵˼Զʧʱ𣿡
š
ἰǸʱڣСЩء
ʱһЩʲôܹ֪һЩ飬˷ŭǿ־塣
飬޷ֹʲôأ
ⴺ󱳺صĻ
Ʋɵĸпһ䡣
Ȼⴺӵеĵ̣ȫԶŻΪһİǣȴûжһģ
Ϊʲôԭʱû֪ڼȻѾ㱩¶ôĿģܿͻṫˣ
һԶʱصֽ붼˾亹졣
Ҫˡ
ɨһЩ򣬷һĨ˼
ҪǵĲյĸЩĶΪʱգﵽͷȥˡ
ֻǣ÷ǣΪδѡʱα¶
Щˡ
̫Ҳûʲôãֻѡ񾲹䡣
ţͷ봺ײ֮ţᷢǳʵ顣
ͷԶʢ֮ǰʹˣ֮ǰûдгԣԷͷĿԡ
ңֻôƾ̣ôܵסɱңòǰа𣬻ȳԹ
𶼱Ƴزɼͷĵֲ֮
ңЩͷҲѪҺ壬壬֮壬õͷԽԽǿ
ư޾£Ҫͬ룬ܹµİ
ȻԴڵķֲʵͷҪ䶯֣Ҳһ򵥵飬󣬿ܵµǣսУ
˼ЩʱڷƵԺڣֻĸ֡ѵ

ֳƵյУʱ仺ţʣҲѾһĨǰס
ȻҪˡ
ˡ
ˡ
ͻأģųǵͬʱɬ·ɣŷҫ۵ǿ⣬â貣˷ԲһͬʱҲȫ˵Ŀע
̣貵Ĵ֮ڱǻĸֳһӰ
Ĺâ˱ǿϣӰ
ˣƶʶ
һߵˣκͷģΰӡһߣȴֻˣڳ֮ǳͨߣòӰĻʸ˫
򵥵û̫ųǰȴȫ
ʵģͷԸĺоԵģܹȺۡ
÷ƲǣʱģȻҲһ鲼Ľȹͤͤڰ֮ϣŮ٣׿Խϴ
ʱǰǰѱ¶һϢͷ֪ʲôЩʧ΢紵Ʈϵȹǲһ£ԳΡ
ڣڹâɢȥ̧֮ͷƺǸӦ˷ƵĿ⣬ֱ˹ȥ̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾɫƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֣һ˿ɬҲһЩȻеǿȴ񿴱ѩڻһ˲㶯ǣķֱӾʹˡ
Ȼ֪ľһڻʸ˫Ůǣ˿̣һŮװģǿɵۣЩز޷ȥԼеĸܡ
ôɵɵĿţһ㶣ЩŭݺݵĵһۣУȴ¶һĨŮҵĽ
ٺ١
ƺҲǷ֮СվߵΰֺǺǵһЦЦУһ⡣
ȻദʱܾãȴѾƵԼѣԣβôĸ˹
ֻЦȴЩ߳ŭŴʱĳ棬ֻǺݺݵĵһۣȴҲõΰӣʶľͶκͷǻᱻһȥ


1831 
ͷһٹĳǰ٣ӻĹʢ֮ڣֵĴûгһ֮
ԣܹͷ˳֣˶ѪڣһЩרΪ˶ġ
ͷ˿ѡߣǿɾͻһ죡
ΪֻͷһȵģߣĶҪͿĽӴ
ңһͷĸλŮĿ
ʸ˫ģ˵Ĺ⻷£ĵһŮ죬ЩȻʧɫ
ȻڶӪڣЩ֮ٴο֮󣬶һţǴϣĿ⡣
ϾǱʱ򣬻ʸ˫ݣȵģ
ֻЩĽĿ⣬ƺѾϰˣһ䵭ûа㶯顣
Ҫǵ飬ǿɲһ򵥵顣

ӣǳһǳǳĻȡ
ͻȻСŮ˵ģУͻȻıǷһů
Ҳȷ֮£ûɱԼǾ˵ںԼ
ͻȻЦһ¡
ԼδҲ̫֪ˣѵΪ֮£ĻĽԼɣ
ţ⻺ǲ϶ԼüŪ۵ΰӣǵĻҲŨˡ
ѾԼŮˣԲñռУ
һͷΣһ죬ԼܹԾ£
Ȼʱʣһк˲䣬˰ųǵļ̳ϡ
ˡ
ƺܵĳɵӰ죬ϵļ̳ˣһһɻۣǻһȼõĴʱļ̳ȥһһ
ֻ棬ȼյĺʢңֱ˷ԲƺҪظƣǣȴûȵϢȴ˾Ȫһůģʡ
ƣҲһ˲䵱бһȵţʱ΢һ
ˡ
Ժڣ˻תǺתŸϿһ̣ռ䣬ֱӱ÷Ƴ˽ȥ
ָоƲİ෴ķǳϤǡ˵ʱһ
һԴ֣ͷףΪ鶯ˣһʵһ
⣬磬ȱ
ƣһӣƷ磬¶棬ܵһ쵱УķƱá
ʱ˿̣ȫⷽ統Уȫεء
ֹųǵˣм̳ܹҫĵϣ˶Ǳ۾ڸԼĵ
ûйǸоԼġֿɼϱͻˣҪɽ٣ǣǻĹξȻֱӽ֮ż˳ȥȻһƬ˿ܶꡣ
Ȼûгãʵȫ˵ƽ֮󣬼̨ϵĻǻĳȥޣʲôҲûзһ
ϣʱţֻСءķ˶۾ɳԼġС
ã˲ǻתѣȻ󣬸ܵԼľ磬¶ϲɫʱǱһ󾪺
Ѿ궼δǣʱǼʱ֮ڣȴɶĺۼһЩƿˣֱͻƣ̤һ統С
ͬʱܵⲻ񼣣ʲô
ڷƻתѹʱ򣬱ΧЩ۾ȴǷ֣ѾϢվߡ
ϣ
΢ЦкȻǸӦڵı仯
ڹϼ̳֮£ûͻƣǣȴǸӵȹˣңܾãƺԼġ֮иһĪĶڷŵǷ統Уãӵ
ƺ֮£ġõһƣնƴĵĴ죬죬ҹôʣǣȴһı仯
˭ϣһļڴ죬ǣûյı仯ûһļô磬վ᲻á
ʱƶı仯ȴǲȴãһʵ硣
Ȼܹơ𣿡
Ƶ˸ž⣬ⶢѾָʲôҲûзļ̳ϡ
ʱʵ̫ˣһʱôаֱܹƵġΪƿء
俪ʼ
ڼ̳֮£һλ߸ߺʱˣǻһׯصɫ


1832 
񼣣
ֻҪǲμӹ֮ռˣôݵġ
̳ܹͬʱ˵õĪĺôֹܹõҪǣܹƱĵΪ顣
ԣʱڼϵʱ˶ޱȵĳţЩΪ⴦̳𣬻߹Ȼôܻӵ񼣣
ֻ񼣣ֻеһεʱЧѣ֮ЧҲͲôˣԣܶҲΪ񼣣ҲǼߣ֮ϧʳ֮ζ
ֻ񼣵ĹģȴǼԵģرǵһ˵ˣе𺳣޷
һ֮żĽ˵Ŀٴοͷϡ
˶֪ϷܿҪʼˣ
֣֮Ѿˣ˶ΪֻҪܹõ飬ܹõ֮ˣ
˵ˣֻһ˲μӣ䲻ܳһǧֻ꣬Ҫ޵ȫôöģ˵
κͷڣֽУİţһ˫˫ȵӣϵɫǹŹ֣ǸһĨаȵĻȡ
֮ڵȷг֮գǣɲ˶ܲ͸ġȻڳ֮УǸ߾ܻ
֮󣬺пܣֻҼһѣǣȴûܹƿصˡ
˵գһ֣һӨ۶ɵ̨ǳڼ̳Ĺ㳡֮ϡ
ҵģ˭Һ
һĴ󺺴һ׶ߵӴһͷɰֱӱԾ̨ڣŷһɱƣƺҪѹȫ
ʥ۷׾磡
Ƴһ֮󣬷ƱǿԳǺĴ󺺵Ϊ
Ȼδһǧ꣬ȴܹﵽ־磬ȷѵãҲȷܹһۣңǱޡ
ֳֻϣȴԵʶǳҲ־֮ܣ֪ߵغ
ԣʵ֮࣬˶¶ġ
ʥ۷׾ѣ͸ҳˣ
ôĿ㣡
һװ쳹ȫǣһ׳ǴȺӳ̨С
չҫ£˸ŸɭĹһ޺һ㴣ϣں
ƾսң
ͭһɣһɲϢϫϯȥֱӶ֣ȥ˶һ
ǴĻϲµˣжǸпһЩԭҪˣҲǸ˼
һȥģȻӵ˾ʵˣǿĵˣӵкεȿֲʵ
飡
һ֮£׳˳ȥϸѿһɲ˺ۣؿڣֱӱ飬ƬĽѪȪӿʱ
ɼ֮һϢпܾǴɱ¾ۻɵģ
ޣһ
ƳһǼѾ׳һڣһƬмȻٴθߺսҺߣ
ǣ
⻰Ƶֻ΢΢䣬ûд̨ȥѵһ١
ʱ̨ʱ
ڸ󶥼ӪУЩ֮ӣ󲿷ַƸƲΪ
ɼǲⳡǣ
Ͼһǧ꣬һĵ֮ӣһǧڿߵʲôĵز֪
ңﵽʥ۷Ž׾磬Ҳʲôϡ顣
ƣ⻹꣬Ѿʥ۷׾磬˵ûܹõĵֻȫΪ츳Եʡ
Щ֮ӵУȻв֮ʴڣټӵе̵һǧ꣬㹻۷壡
⵽˵ƾǵʵֻǣȥҪжһ飿
ɲǵ飡
٣֣
һ𣬷ƱǾüͷһ¡
ΰ֡
ƲתͷŶԼЦΰӣһĨ𺳡
Ȼûо쵽ΰӵĵ
ٺ٣ˣֻǶ˽Ķ࣬Ϣѡ
ֻΰȴǾ쵽˼ٺһЦš
ȥ֮ǷĹż󣬲ǽƵݸˡ֮
ԣԷеӸҶĶ֣ҲһĽ͡
Ͼαװ֮µģǱ·Ȼ˭ûпʶŮӵݡ


1833 ɱһ
һʱڣΰӱһֱڷ֮ģ˿ΧЩȻĿ⡣
Ͼͷ֮һĴȻһ򶼽ȥ죬õ˶°͵һء
һЩһȴϳ˷ȻҲͬߵĽ壡
һλʵİ벽ۣ
ǲɵĸп죬Ȼܹʶһλ벽ۣңĸԸΪ֮ݻ
ǶЩ֮ǣҲûִ
ֻҲжôĽƣ෴ģƵĿⶼ¶Źֻɫ
ԭܼ򵥣ͷ֮һȵĻʸ˫֮֮ǣ㣬ڳ֮¼ڶֵ֪ˣһҪ֣һ٣ǣûа취ƴڽıӻ£ȻԴ󣬵ǣȴҲûΪԼܹһλ벽ۿ⣡
ΣƸ̨ĻôЩ˿϶̨ڻʸ˫ǰһ
ֻڷͷ֮һߵĺܽ˵ǣƻ᲻˶뵽嵱У
ϾִҪҷ鷳Ļô㽭Ҳ޷ӻΨһĳ·ҲǼ뵽ˡ
ڣƲûκͷһ֣ǾǴţûм뵽壡
оʲôԭûֻܹ֪ǴһЩѡ
ΰʵƴʦ֮ϵ˵УȻ岢ûзʲô飡
ʥ۷ף
ǿ˷Ƶľ֮󣬶ҲЩԾ
Ͼ볤֮¼ȥûһʱ䣬ȻͿλõ˶ĸ𾪡
˵ĳɳٶȣδҲ̫ˣٸʱ䣬ͻư벽۾ĿԶУ
Ȼ˶ţǣֿԣУ
ϾӷƳڶʼһ·һ·ĳɳһЩ˶ռÿһʱ䣬һηԾһΣ಻⣡
Ȼ˺ããУעƵˣҲǺܶ࣬ҲΧһЩ˶ѣûΰӣ뽭վû˻ȥһۡ
ʱ̨ϵսҲõ𾪲ѡ
ʮɱɴǼɱԣԽɱԽһ˫۾ĳһƬ˾߻ħһϢΪҡ
ǣֱңȴƺһƽ㣬ԣܹһֱѵǡ
һɱֱõ˶ӡĹۡ
ȻĻȷЩԴ벻һǣɷϵģʵȴǾ˵ǿ
ʱѾһĺӵȥдﵽʥ۷߰˽׵ǣںС
ɼʵжôĲ
һЩ̫Ծ
̨ϿԴ󷢵ĺƵ΢΢
һʼϢǿң֮ͬ˶Ƕ൱ǣնɱһ֮ƱǱˣֱʱնɱʮ˵ĺϵƸѾﵽһΪ˵ĳ̶ȣ
ɱ벻ڻڡ
СۺԺҲǴһЩȡ
ɱһ
û
СͷȻ͵ҪɱɲףʵսЩ֮ԶʱڣҲֹôһɱ񣬵ʱնɱoԲһ١
˻
һƬ𾪣̲סһ
ɱսһƵĻôҪӵкõɱģҪܹնɱκ˵ļᶨǲУ
뵱Ϊܹ֮޵УԲ첻µز£Ӷսһ
ڣֻҪսƱӵиκսľģ
Ĺսƣôʱ̬ȣҲܹ͵Ĺȥˡ
СĿǰĳ̶ҲɱˣܹۻŨҵɱң֮ȵǿߣ
СĽͣȻܹ⡣
ԼսһֻԼǿսսŻԼˣǾͰЧҲûС
µɱǡ
ƵһĨء
˺ˣضʲô࣬Ҫ۷壬ǱȻҪ̤һѪ·ǰУ
ɱˣ˵ǰͽ
Ȼܣ
СԶʱڵ˺ôЩʵ
˵λɱնɱ˵ʱһλˣλѹȻĳɾͿ϶ȡ
˲ǣɱȴܹ֮ǿᵽؼǿȣ֪ɱһжôĿˡ


1834 һ·
˭
ɱȻĻųϿ쳹˼ʮɱ֮ûٸСǴžֵɫ
ǿǾһɱ
˭һЩһĵϵӵȥɱ󣬸ݣʮѾնɱһӵܣ
ңͷֹֻסֻҪȥˣᱻɱ
ԣڽµһڣȻûȥ̨
һǧ꣬ȷ˵ǲһʼճѣԺ·кܳ
ңǶһЩһĺӵܣܹʥ۷壬Ѿ츳ˡ
ɱҲûκεıܹߵһѾ൱Ĳˡ
ңǺڶͷеĻôĳɾ;ԶԶֹˣ
ֻУҲþܹɱһ
ϾҪɱһǿҪӵкصɷԹޣһЩءأп˱屻ˣŻ˲һֳޣҪ𣬴ݻ硣
ãʧ
縳ÿһ˵ġ

һźԵЩŤɲʱΪɷȥһӵ߳Ķħһȫ
ʱĿⶼתƵ˶ӪС
Щһܹʥ۷徳ӵܣѾǺܲˣҪʱܱʥ۷ߡ˽׾ĺǼֱǲܵ顣
ȻҪǣĺӵܣҲͬҪһδܶڴˡ
ôû˸ȥ𣿡
࣬ûȥκͷüͷһŹֵд飬ǺãȻû˵ĻҾͽˣ
ʱ򣬶ӪУһЩ仯
һ㣡
ڷǰԶһӪУһȡ
ৣ
һӰ˶ûпʱһӸͦӱѾ̨֮ڡ
źǻݿʣһ湫ӣһ¸ǳ
ʥ۷߽׾磡
СֱڷԺ
Ҳ
Ʋɫ
Ҳڰ֮δʱʱܹݺ£ǣ֣ܹ֮Ⱥۣ֮壡
ϾȻǿ󣬵ȴѹһˣȴܹǿ޾ǿ޷ݣ
һģ
ͺһʱʳһֱӾ˹ȥŨҵɷֱ̨ӱõǸ湫ɫס
ȻȻ粻ҲҲʵսľ飬ǣǶԼҼңǵ㵽ΪֹûмӵɷһʱڣȻ¶ҵɫĺˣĴһӡ
飡
ھǱ壬֪ʲôֱӱǽȭͷǷ貵ӡϣк˲䣬貵ӡǱ飬ǹɼֱֲӳǸ湫ӸؿڣʱѪſһֻߵķһ׷˳ȥײ̨ϣȥʱ˱Ѿ
һʥ۷߽׾ˣǱɱ
˻
ϣʱһ̨ɱڶ¶𺳵ɫ
𺳣һǶʵһ룬Ϊ
Ҫ֪һλӵܰңܹһǧڱӵʥ۷߽׵ΪպԻΪԪϼ
ʱڴ֮ͥ±նɱⶥܹŹ
޷ˡ
ӣ૳
ȻɱһµսһǣȴҲûзֵزܹǵĿǹӿȵս⣬Ȼʱǳұˡ
Ǵ㲻ɹˣȺӢۣҪһٳʥ۷徳磬Ǹʱ򣬽ֹ
СҲһĨпζڡ
ٺ٣һﵹǵܴ󣬻ҪΪˡ
ԱߣΰҲһЦ˸ĪɫƺȻ͡
ȻǷӣ
ƳһۣĿҲĹŹ֡
δճƣߵӵҲѱµκˣڶɱ˿ħҲȤ
֣Ҿãһ·ˡ
ͻȻģΰӾתͷһĪĶŷ˵ţõķֱ˷ۣûȥ
ɱ֤ƲǺͬ


1835 Ӱ
ΰ˵ʵϣڴɱķĺȷһЩ֮ġ
Ǿǳս⵱еķƣҲη壬޷죡
ϧˣЩǲܻϡ
ΰҡͷԵ˵ţȴûпϧɫ
Ѿɱ۾УҲδؼһ¡
Ǻǡ
Цһϡ
ȷЩϧΪԺضһɾͣǣһԴ󷢣ǽһѣ
Ǹǿ߲ϵȥ̨Ա̨ûаֱӽ֮¾Ѫ̨
Сӣҿǻòͷˣ
գض߲У
쵰һҪʬΣ
̨֮£Ƕǿڽϵвţǣȴûа㶯ݣһλɱ񣬾Ϊɱ
ɫȴǺһĨĮһС۽ǵȴȺɨš
Ȼ֪Լôĺ
Ҳ
һִҪûɣȻһжûа塣
ƣ
һ˱ϢĻֱڷԺõķϵɫΪ֮һ㵣ĿֱӾͿ̨
Ǻ
ҲܾҳǣԺҺģ
ȻЩȶǣȴһּᶨ
⡭
һЩ˸
ΪѣǣҲûǸȥȺȻǽЩŭԼ
弴ҪһսЩ룬ôؾԻᱻշƽ
ֻܹˣ
ٴԺ
Ȼ֮ǰҲһЩ飬׷ͷ֮һЩһЩϵǷΪͷ˵ô˵Щеĳޣ٣ܹǣ
Щ꣬һֱôģֻҪ˳ǣа벽׷ɱаܹȥ
Ҫô
üͷ˼ʵ
ɷϣǱޣԺضܹǿߵĴڣܹ壬Ҳһ
ݻٰʥصĵƾҳǣһ֮Ҿͻ㣡
Ļֱõķһһ
ʥصĳв٣ǣ統ܹӵдݻٰʥصĴڣֻͷǣͷ֣Իģ£ԣֻ㣬ͷܹݻٰʥɽŵľܹ㣡
ĺƽȻϸķ˳
õķٴξȣԭΪѾɱ⵱޷԰ΣǣʱȻ̨ϵĺǱޱȣȴ͸¶һ侲
ǵģ˵ƿصɱһӦԼƣܹҿƣ
ͣ°ɣټȥҲȲ㣡
ĬҲһĨء
һһ㣬һܴﵽʥ۷ŽˣұȻǰ
ӵıı壬ƺΪ뵽ʲô޷ǿУűЩʧء
ôĳұضѾ֪ǲô˽ɱʥ۷Ž׾磬ôǳҿ⣬ֻ·һ
ֹͣɣ
Ƶ͸¶һɲ÷
ڲǵһѣڿƷΧڣǵǾͷҲͷʹɡ
˸ɱģ
뵽çһ壬弴ĴսƵǾãɱֱһ˫õ顣
Ŷ
⻰ǻƽȥȻǼᶨ˵ҲҪǼ飬ұԼȥ
ģ
ĻӦš
Ǻã
ҲûмϻԭѱĿ޷ϵϢĳȥ
С򣡡
ƵͷڻеС
ٺ٣С£
СҲһĨ˷ܵɫ΢΢һֱӱʧڷƻС
ৣ
һӰ̨ϵĺǲټ
ͬʱõȫ˶һȻȫǷӦǲ֪ʲô顣
ӪǼλ벽Ҳˡ
Ȼһֱע̨ϵĺӵйϵ̵ǣȻҲǲµ˺ĹӵԶʱλɱ񴫳еˣֻһͷҪ֮ɱҡУ
뵱λɱҲ޷죬𶼸ȥǣԣǲԼܹշ
ʱǵʵҲǿһӰȻ̨ϵĺǱˡ


1836 
ô£ôˣ
أѵǱ˾ˣ
˻˭ȻʵֳϽ˾ߣ
ǡǰɡ
˿̣ȫڣХϯǶԺʧȣ˼ܵģǽ˼ڲߺذӰϡ
̨ͷ֮һκͷµģҪͻϣǺʵģӵа벽ΪУңκͷʵ˵һİ벽ۣҪϢĽ˾ߣǿɲһ׵飡
ңԳ˿ǲܵ飡
ͷɳǿߣǵǿгԽǵĴڣԣпܣͷе˭ġ
ʱǶеǼλ벽Ҳ˲²ġ
ϾǵʵҲֻǿһӰ
˵ߺҪǵҲ׾٣
õǻ͸¶֡
ǿߣǲҲ벻ͨΪҪߺ
ϾɱǷУǱضһŶӣɱԴ󷢣еľӢӵܶ¾һյĿԶС
ˣ˭
ǳͨҲĿκͷϵʱ򣬼вɵĿǸϡ
ҸѵĲɣ
ЩĿκͷֱӱǶݺݵһ˻ȥ
Ҳƣ˭Լµϡ
Ȼʱ̨֮ʱֻʮ֮һʵǣǰ벽۾ǿߣҲϢĽ˾ߣ
ţеġ
ǣԷӵвԼʵ
ЩˣȻջĿ⣬ǣͷǣеȴǸŨˣǻɣκͷΪˡ
ϾˣͲƣߺҲǷϳ飡
˶ǰǺ뵽֮ڣôضһλ˿ɵľɱ
Ͼòһλѹ
̵ģǵǵС˼һ֪𣿣
ڲɸŨĿ⣬κͷҲǼΪƣɵƿڴҪߣõ͵͵𣿣ûӵļһ
ǾˣڹǲԸ⣬ң˭֪Ҳأ
ôһЩ˶ǻͷڵĻɣҲɻ
κͷģ˭ģ
κͷ˵ҪߺֱӾͿԹģûбҪ͵͵ͬģȵҲͬˣ
ûȥûȥĻҾˣҲ˷ʱ䣡
ڲɵУκͷſɤš
ԭҪϷģ˭֪ȻǿߣҲЩء
һҲڲɣǷȵ˽˾ߣԼ֪
ֿԾУϾ츳֮ˣֵô
ϧˣԭҪСӵġκͷأš
źߣôһ𣬳ϣٴһǷ׷̨ҲǷǳңط漼һ󾪺
֣ôǸСӵ˻˭أ
ΰӲͷǴЦķʵ
Ǻǣ
΢΢һЦȻ־ͬϵˣȻôܾء
־ͬϣ
ΰһУǺɵɨţȴûܷʲô쳣
ϾһֱڷߣʲôȻ۾
ǴŵеľޣӦҲĳ
ûƴ򿪹ʲôӡ
һߣӵа벽۾ĽȴǽĿڷŴɨš
ȻǶǺܴ󣬵ǣǸоˣûзӦʱ򣬶߱Ѿ˾ߵˡ
ڵһʱ뵽ͷֲľޣ
ֻ֪ͷѾһˡ
ͷ޵Ļǻȷôʵ
ʱȴûʣ෴ģȴΪѡô϶һĵ
ڵʱѡ˾Լһ
ԺҪһȤˡ
ҲȻ䡣
ҲһԼͬҲһء
ӪС
۽ǵⲻϵȺɨţûãҵ˷ڣʱˮڣһĨ⡣
ڷһ飬ȻһֱڹעţڰʥصĸȻҲɵ˷ͷϡ
Ȼûȷ֤ݡ
ôӵ˵ƵķƣҲѾӵ˽Լȳʵ
ֻȴǵǣƻ᲻ô᲻ΪԼһŮӶﴺôһأ


1837 û·
һŭΪգһ𶥼Ļ˻ô
ѹһ˵Ĵڣڣȴûֵܹز

ӵҫ۵Ĺ⻷ȴ̾Ϣ
ڴɼ֪ԼǷлָɵ죡
ߣǸŮӣϵЦȴȴ𽥵Ļһء
һ˲䣬ҲǸܵһļµĲ
֪Ƿǿ߹ҪΣǣȴܹʵľ쵽һɽѹ
ǾԲԼܹǿߣ
ʱ֮ʱȴǿ֣߳ѵھԼҪ𣿣
ֱ治ȴָоǿߣԲһ·ͣԺ󣬿϶ᷢһЩ
ȻȫûбҪԵ顣
Ѿߵһû·ˡ
Ůӵ⻻һᶨ
㴺Ҫ¹ҲǲܵˣԺ󣬺ܶ飬㲻ڴĿƷΧڡ
ʱѾû·ֻǰߣȻֻһ;
Ͼ£Ѿ˾ֻҪκεĿԣЩǻȺ֮
ҪĴۣ

ʸ˫վǳͨԣƺûжԷźߵӰ쵽
ǲӦùע飬ңΪҪǣţܹΪؼ˿ɵ
ǣĳ飬ȴһ޷
ļһ
ΰ̸ķƣʸ˫һҪҧˣŭɱȻ
ΣΣǰ£κһŮ˵޷̵飬οĸ
һΣصȵ֮һЩżҵƵһЩء
֮
Ҳֻܹͣڶ֮ʱʵΪλͻǣ
һΣҲ˹ڰԵʥӶֱͻƵʥ۷徳磬Լ췣ѹ򣬲г˴
ںϲͬʥ֮ı׶ˡ
ʸ˫Ƴһ۲ԶģڣԾһĨŹֵɫ
Ȼһֵͬģзʲô飬֪
ֻ飬ȴܹԭҲƽϣõĻʸ˫ȴЩ
ߣܽ㣬֪᲻֮
һֻǣѾٴʵͻͽ˵ķƣȴЩ𺳡
ôɳȥ֪´μʱԼܹܲѹһԣúõһεĻᣬ׵Ľͷ̸γ

һʱ̨֮ϱѾΪ˶󶥼ӵܷ׷ȥ̨ƴĻȣľĶǣ
Ȼ̵лЩǣܹƵ£һ㶼صĳ档
ϾǶҪ˼˫֮Ĺϵֲ񻯡
ʱ̨ƴģԶǿߣʵǴﵽʥװ˽׾磬˿̣˽ҲѾһʱ䣬£˴ҲѾǴǣԽԽҡ
¡
һξ޴ıըУһɿֲϫϯֱӱǽ̨ڣѾྫƣĵùһⳡϫ»һʬ޴档
Ľ겻ѣҲú˾֮ġ
ԪǣǴض㣬ڲѡ
ǻ˴ĺӵܣȥֵ̫ˡ
ϧҲ޷ǵ
ˣȥɣض飡
ҲܸղųֵǿߵӰ죬ŮͲסˣͷӷԸһ䡣
ģ֤񣡡
ӳ¶һĨ΢ЦȻ󣬱һƬëƮȻԺһ˵̨֮ϡ
´Ը̸ֽλУ
һЦݣЦӯӯ˵ţϲûаɱǸĻӣ硣
̨ˣ
õĺܶһЩԪϵҲ
Ȼѡʱ򱬷ôֵǿߣҲضΪ׵ˣҲͳһЦ
ɨһΧЩǺܺÿɫŮӵǣ¶һĨ˵Ц⡣
ϣģҪη壬ǲŻ˼ɣ׶֣ôиʱȥ׼
ٺ٣֣˵ʹһŮһЩܹϵ֪ǲİ
ΰȴû̫ȥעתͷһ٩Ķŷʵ


1838 ʥ
ĽõķƣڶĶ봺һŮйõһҹ
Ѿʲôˣ
ԣʱΰἰʱ򣬷пѱ硣
ѵ˵һҹʲôҲûз𣿣
ϾһˣһŮӹһңûзһЩʲôǾ˵еë
ԣһʱڣҲ֪νӿڣӣȥ
˵ѵݸôãЩƯĹôһȥ
ΰһֹŹֵĿⶢŷƣһ˼ģ
ʱ֪ˡ
Ʒ˷ۣһͦġ
ΰӵݣֻҪǸһŮͶͱҲûһô˵Ҳǿڻѡ
񱣡

ϣʱЩ˵Ŀ⣬һεڶӪС
ȻҪǿ𣬴ʱȥƣһǻֱӱ˰
ǲȥðǸգ٣ҲҪȥ̽һǴᣡ
һ㣡
һ׳ĺһ˫һ㣬˱һƬҶƮȻ̨֮ڡ
ʥ۷˽׾磡
׳ΪʱҲԶһЩ˵ľϾһԴﵽľ磬ȴǱǧ֮ھ׵ˡ

׳Ҳֱӱ¶Լѹ׵ӡɣʱ۳һɫļ׿ǣڡ

׳óһ߼ⳤǹ˱Ǽٵת󣬾Ȼγһת͵쭷磬̣ռ䶼һͬڸתţǴֿԴݻһеƣֱӱǳһЦĴײ˹ȥ
ķĹʥ
ڷ籩еĴɫûа仯෴ģЦ⣬ƺڵ׳һǿȡ
ֱ׳ĹѾţóһȣȻ󣬿һӣֱӱǵǱ߼ⳤǹǹϡ
顭
˲䣬׳˱ɣϵǲӿһ֩һѺֱۣӱҲٶȣһöڵһĵ˻ȥصײ̨ϣſѪǹòȣڵϣҲЩήҡ
ֻһӵʥ۷˽׾׳ǲҰճ
ңʼգŲûƶ벽վԭؿĴһӮʤ
׳Ѿûս֮֮󣬳ϵģûгʤ׷һЦݵվԭأûҪ֮նɱ˼
ǰɱĺγĶԱȡ
ʥ۷׾硭
һԵĽ˴ľ磬õķҲһĨɫ
츳ֻ̫ͣҲûκεͽʱ紺֮ӣѾԶԶ˦Ѿﵽһ޷ĵزˡ
ƾػЩ֮ӵľ룬ѾԽ
׾ܹ׵նɱ˽֮ˣʵʵѾڰ˽ˡ
ɫҲǻ΢΢䣬Ϊ϶û¹򰡡
ָоⴺԼľУ
鷳ˡΰûûεĺЦƺֻ
ǺǣȷЩ鷳ء
΢΢һЦ÷
ȥ̨ش֮ûе׳ǸӪڣҲûдʲô
Ͼ˶۾֮ʵ̫ˣ˼ûɱ飡
ʥ۷Ž׾ǿȥһ֮С
¶ʵ֮˵ɫ
󣬼̨ӵʥ۷Ž׾ˣڴ£ǶǺһһܣңѾʮ̨ˣȴһûбˡ
ɼʵֲ֮Щ˼ֱͲһϵġ
ֻǵ㵽ΪֹȻЩ˶شȴû֮ǣֻǡʧȥս֮ѡ
⣬õΪ𾪵ĵط
ȥ
ʥӪڣϴʥһӢһ£һλ񽫰ӽһ䡣
ӣʥһʥӣ˵츳ܲϡ壬ңҲвĻǰ˰ٶ꣬ʱȴѾﵽʥ۷Ž׵ľ磬ʵ൱ĿֲǻԵɺϣплǰ߰벽

ԣʥҲԥʥʩ֮һһӰ˲ǳ̨ϡ


1839 
ȻھϸڶĴǣʥȴûаС֮ġ
ղŵһУкǰδеǿУԲԼ١
ۣ
̨վȣʥӿбһЩϵľģ̣һһֻ۾һƺۣǳĶͷ֮ϣۣǵĮ䣬ǿһۣĲһЩΪˣǴ̱ڵأoһ˲ɢ
ʥ
Զʱڣֻ۾ƾͷ϶һֻۣѹһˣΪ
ֻȴҲûгֹ۵ˣʥصΪ˼̳һЩǴ
ԣʥ޳֮˶¶𾪵ɫ
Ҫ޳ɲףʥصУ޳ˣָңһ޳֮󣬱ǿʹó
ʥӹȻ
һ䣬ϵЦҲһ档
ÿһλ𣬶Ǿףؼ޵еĴڣoУҲһĴڶѡ
ȻʥӲûӵеֻ۾ǣʹǿֲף
ৡ
һſеȣʱһǴϢӿ͸̨ųǶڣһЩľ˲ïʢһƬشصľ˾̾ѡ
ſϣҲһͼ︴գ˿ȥһһ΢΢ȶ䣬ɢһĵϢ
ȻҲ˲õֻȴûʶȵƺȲûʲôͷһ
Ȼȴû˻ɣⲻһ

⣡
ڶͷϵȫ۶֮ʥӲϵľģʱͷϵ۱Ǳһհҫۣ̣һ貵ĹâڱٵĴ
ȥ
ȶеȣʱһƬϫǾϯؼĶ棬˲䣬ӿȥ
ꡭ
貵ĹƺܹһУԽأٵϮһƬɫϫײ񣬽⳱ϫ˺ƣֻǣٶֱϮ򴺿ؿλá

һ֣еȵԼؿڣ˲䣬貵ĹǻϣʱǱŷһӵ֮˶ۡ
ŵŵš
ĳ£ֱӱȥԶҡΣٴεĸ󲽣ĶסϣҲһĨ԰ס
ʥӣǹ⳱ϫĳ£ҲһΣ˰벽סΡ
˵һν֣ȻʥƺռϷ硣
ֻȴû˷пЩĵˣʱĸˡ
ʵģʥѾȴҲֻռôһǰ˶ѣܹնɱ˵ƿصҲ򵥡
ˣһ﾿ǴıĳģȻôǿ
ΰ૳ҲһĨȵɫ
ô
ƲͷɻĿ
УһܹضͱһǣȴСһ֪ӣ㲻й𣿡
Ժڵļ䣬ΰӶûҵڴǱӵ
Ȼܹסô϶ǣǣƺȵһ¶档
Ŷ
ҲһǽĿ˴еϡ
չȣһʵһ洺ⰻȻ¶޾ǣУȴһɭ궼Ϊ֮
ӦĬĬŲŶԣȻͷ֮һΰӶеİȻȣǰûгֹ

⣡
ʥӲģٴδһܹصƣٴλǱ֮ϣ޹
ôܣ
˽⵽ԼܵЩǰʵڣ͸¶һĨ˼ɫ
شأ
ڴסŲһ˲䣬еٴһǰȳʱƽ⳱ϫһ˲ڣֱӱǱӿȵ嫺⣬ֱӽ̨ڣһ˿
ء
ɫеʥӣˮ֮һ޴䣬һɫ۶ɣ϶ֱӳؿڣ֮˳ȥصײ̨ϡ


1840 
ʥˣ
һʧ֮䣬ɫĳϫһһεĳţգڴĳ£޷ذܾ֣
һʥӣǻΪƶ˵ĴڣȻ׵ľͰУõȫǰ
رʥصˣڵѾԵеʥӣǶһ㵣벻˼顣
ʥӵʵΣɶһ
ƺʥӳ֮ʥڣһֱѹͬˣ񣬸Ѿʥ۷Ž׾磬츳ʥ꣬Ҳǲ
ǣȴǰԴĴУ
˵һİΪƺû߹Ҳûκҫ۵¼
ǣڽգȴ˾֮٣һԾΪҫ۵ǣ
Ȼѩ֮ˣѾĻǺܾˡ
ھ̾ɫǳ
رʥصϴʥһ̨ϳһЦĴ˸ɭɱ
лᣬԻԥĽȥ
ǣĿǸŮϵʱɫǱ
ȻŮûɢ˵ƣǣֱһΣյŮˣ
ʥϴʥĿԶĺڣλ벽ڣȴǼƺҲڳԼƳ
Ȼû¶ʲôɫǣȴ֪˻뷨
˱ȥ

ãʥӲվɫ԰ףͷϵҲѾʧȻѾûս֮
ʥӳˣ
û¶ʤߵĵ⣬ǴЦ⣬Ĺ˹֣ƺϵĺõڽдһ
ӣʲô
ʥӲûȥĿףĿĶеǱȡ
һУΪصȶûȣҲ޷ֵԼĶ⡣
ֵܣ
˵ţĸţ飬ڿԼһΪˣеҲ΢΢ƺͬʱһɴشذϢӿ
ߣ
˵ʥصĺһҧݣӳ̨ûлصʥӪڣֱ뿪˰ųǡ
ĸȻ޷ֳϼȥ
ȥȻûȥ̨ˡ
Ͼ˶ܹʥӵʵ˭ҲΪԼܹʥӻҪǿȻҲԸȥ
ǰ˴ܣǿɲһʵ顣
ڵʥӣԺôԵ飬뵽ǡܹ
٣һﻹӡ
ΰӺЦҲڴеɨţڣʱһĨ⡣
ΪѣҲǴ󻨷ѴΪ
Ҳܿصǿֲĵ̣
ʱ˿̣뵽ʱҲ뵽Ůʱ⣬η塣
ŮվԭأĿһеķǵĻȣ
ҪЧѾﵽˣѹжһ֮ӣֱҲ൱棬Ѿܹѹˣ
Ŀ⣬ͷ
ΰӸŷһܹսģҲͻʸ˫Ķѡ
ΣǻԴ˰ɣ
뵽ڻʸ˫ĵһЩ鱨Ůи̹ƺѾȡʤ
鱨ΪߵĻʸ˫ĵʵȻҲǵĸ߰˰ˡ
ң֮ǰܵɳǿȥ̽ˣԣҲѾ˵ĵơ
壬ȷǿǡ
ǹž޲κͷǳƽߣŮӵȻһĨ
ͷѾ޾£ڳõ޷µУûгֹܹǿĴڣңõԴ֮ˣҲͷڣõͷӵǿᣬԣеСˣҲǺ顣
ΣҲʹ˻ʸ˫ģΪ϶֮Ĵս
ڣԣһƥ
ʱǻʸ˫ģûҪֵ˼ƺڵȴЩʲô
Ӧû˻ȥˣ㲻ȥ𣿡
ûжη֮ķƣΰ˸⡣
ܹһ֮ף˵ٴλ˲ٵջ
Ȼڳ֮ڵʵʱ϶˵Ĵ֮ȻҪ֪Ǹʱķƣʥ۷Ž֮˶У


1841 
ʱԭֵİų֮ڣЩֻһصĺ
󣬾һɽһѹͷϣõԴϢ
ѹһǶӪУЩԭĸ֮ǣҲ˳ĬУͷ˵Ҳûκαʾ
Ȼ봺ֵˣû֮Σǣ˱һ٣ǻһЩӰġ
رǣͬһ˵УǸǶۡ
Ը츳ǣ̨ϵĴȴȻʧɫ
ȥôһûκΰˣʱȴһһˣ
ǵ޵Ц⣬УһֳõЩȴΪ
ԶʱڵΪƣҲѹһˣ˿ƥС
󣬼˵Ŀ⣬ǿͷڵĵط
ͷ˶ˣôܹ֤ӵܹΪǱ
ǲͻµ۾Ҳһܹ޵

ⲻһսˡ
Ŀ⣬ӣ⻺һս⣬ɽڱŷ
ս
ǿ󣬸Ǽ˷ĵ׵ս⣬ʱѪڣս졣
ৣ
ż΢΢ڵһ㣬Ʊһͷӥ㱩ֱ̨ϣ봺վ
ĳֹ֣õ󲿷һ㶣ҲûԤϵ¶Ȼɫ
ʥӶ׵İܱѵΪԼӵܹʥӵʵɣ

һЩϳ˷ƵݣʱľһƬ졣
ƣûдӵж󱳾ˣԴڶ֮󣬱ǿʼĴ¼
ύ벽۽壬ְʥأɽţɱʥϴʥνһٳ
봺һŮ죬ƺҲЩĹϵõΪ֮ʣҪȡ֮
֮ʮڣ伣Ҫߵʱڳ֮ڣٴγˣңͷ֮һһ
˻Եõ˽Ϊ֮ۺ졣
ңܶ˻ɣʥصĸҲйء
ϾʥأѾ˲ͬһĵز˻ɣǷʥȻ
㣬޴֤ǴҲûеõõϢ
Ͼʥظ̫ˣһҲӽˣԣ޷֤ʵʲô
ʥ۷׾硭
ڿ˷ƴʱΪʱ˶¶ɻɫ
ʱ¶ʵʵģѾ൱ˣھϻûκʤ㣡
һ֪ߵغСӶѣѵΪƾԼʶˣܹΪΪˣ
г¶ĵɫ
ҲƽʱݣǶҲҪͿĽӴǣⳡɲУһֱ̨ϲ˵Ҫսʸ˫ˣ
Сӣѵ治
ڷɨɨκͷҲ˸ɻɫ
ΪģΰӣƺԷƻǺĵģûκεĵǡ
ѵСӻʲô׵ĵƲɣ
κͷҲ˺ڴ
ʶǱȵƴʱ̨ǲɵĻ϶֮ĵ
ҲУҲƿĳҲ˵ء
ܹͬʱΰϿɣκͷţƱضܹһˡ

ƣ
۽ǵɨ·Ĵ֮󣬴۾Ҳ΢΢һС
ڷƣ鱨ҲǺȫ棬ȴѾ³һ֮
ӵ֮壬ȷң壬㹻¡
ֻڿƵľ֮󣬴ǣҲǲźۼ䡣
ҲѰ˵ϣǣȴǺôռˡ
ִһȻһ˲ţ츳׿Խ
΢΢ҡеȣЦݣĿ佱һ磬ûа⡣
ֵʵҲǾףš
ҲһĨ޵Ц⣬һĹάš
õԭ̵ĳϣձЩ
ԭҪಫˣʱȴһһĻ佱빧άţľֵһõȻ
ȻҲΪôǾĹΣ
ãǽתƵ棬ϵЦݣҲȻࡣ
ܹдվ̨˿ףΪԼӵܹѹƶԷʵƵɣƺҲװģ


1842 񹥻
ջ޷ǴҲΪܹ˳¶
Կɼеˡ
˿̨̣ϵֹͣĻϻĿףգҲıЩ
봺վϵЦѾһأСԷ
ս
һսĶʱϵƱǴԭȵƽޱȵһľ񽣣õ˶ȥη
һߣչеȣȶһɴ⻺ɢ𽥵Ľ̨֡
ͺñ̨ڹһˮԼˮе㣬ˮ
෴ģЩĴ⣬ȴ嫺ɽһѹŷƣһɾ޴ѹ
ƣ
һһɸΪǿսֱӾͽΧЩ嫺Ĵ˺ˡ
飡
һŶڵϣ˰εضһͷͻĴȭͷϣѾӿһ嫺ĳΧĿռ䶼ǱŷһƵʮֵˡ
ĺã
һһץֱָƵȭͷ

ҵײһ𣬶ʱǱŷһӵһ죬ع죬ռϡ
ǣ
Ƴһ۶ɵľȫ˳ȥǱǺɣһִ̹ʹϡ
̣
һɾ޴ϯʱбŷõĴɫһ䣬ȵҲһϫȥʱһ֣˷Ƶȭͷϣõķɣ˶أȭͷϣԵۡ
һν֣ǵʯ֮䣬ƴĸ൱ûռʲôˡ
Ƶİô˿ǣһȣҲ÷൱Ĳܣǿᣬһûܽȭͷ顣
ȻҲΪ졣
һȻ÷Ʋзϣǣٷϵһֻȭͷǿ϶ģ˭֪ȴƤûйơ
ֱõƵĵλһ̨ס
Щһء
зǰЩ֮ļأڷɨţƺҪһЩʲô
̨ЩǰгƵˣʱЩĿɿڴĿһĻ
̨Ҳʮˣʥܹûܹ
ƣֻʥӲ飡
ǱȻ֮ߣ
ǲʥ۷׾ķƣĲƽ
ʥӵȷܹ˴ǣѾʥ۷Ž׾磬һ׾ˣûжٹʡ
ʱƵı֣֤Ǳʥӣ
ѹ֣ȻܽύˡлȻ
ҲһЩΪⲻһ̽ԵĽֶѣ˵ʲô

Ǳȡ
ȭͷϴʹƵڴеϡ
ǱûȭͷϵʱãһɽһƬسкǴݻ٣ʶľҪܣȥӲ
񹥻
ƵԺһĨ⣬뵽˴ó֮¡
ڴڣЩŮӻ϶㣬ҲǼʶֱڣڴһУܵ
ǷƵսᶨôһ֮£ܵĿԶС
ڣƲ֪Ϊλôǿڴ⿴ƺһ֮ˡ
⵱УɱȻǺֶΣ
ţеսⱼӿĸΪˣͬʱ֮ŷǻɫĻһڣϱŷһɼǿƣɽ룬嫺嫣ϣƺܹѹأΧĴ⣬ĥ
ৡ
ҲҵһȱǱ򿪣һͼ¶˳΢΢ȶ䣬˾ą̃Ѿ֮ڵ磬һƬԴ˳
Ȼ־񹥻зķƣȴûжãսһ壬ֱƳ
ӡ
ӵ㹻ķƣҲ¶Լݣּ䣬ǽӡ˳֮󣬺ԥıǳӡйܣӡϵ·֣һɫľڿն
໣
Х죬ռ䶼ڶҡƺʱһƬУҪͻ
ŷƵһɫľҡҷŴ׳ֱӱǳԶĴײ˹ȥƺҪ֮շ顣


1843 
Ļɫϲûаɫֱųȣֱӱ˾ͷͷ­ϡ
̣
ǿһȴ̺һɼֲ㱬˳ֱӱǽɫͷ­䱬һõ̻
Ĵ״Ʋûоа⣬ٴιܣһɫٴֱӳ˹ȥ

ڴȼôڻɫͷ­ϵʱŷƵһȣԼѿ޴ϫıӿ
ȥ
Ҳ˿ûаңȲһȣһɫĳϫǾϯֱǽһɳϫסŷƵķȥ
ɱ
һһս۶ɵĳǳУֱӳǰһϫ룬Űȥ
ͬʱûͣ£һսһ㣬ֱӳŴȥ

ײһһԺ˿ȥɫЩס
һεĽֵУ˵ʵȥ࣬õȫ˶Ǹе𾪣벻˴һƥ֮󣬾Ȼðһ֮ķƣ
˶û뵽飡
Ͼһǰ֮ڣƲǽʥ۷壬һʱ䣬Ľȣõ˶Ĳѣ
ΪУ붼һֲ顣
Ӷֿʼٵ֮ڵڣÿһεĳ֣зԾԵĽ˶޷һηٳֵʱֽӵкεȿµΪ
ٺ٣а
ΰҡͷԵ˵ţ۾Ц
һԽ忴Ŵеȣ¶һĨǵɫ
ΪȻѾľ쵽ˣȵУ̺˾񹥻ʵ˷ʤ
񹥻ʵܹ㷺һ˵ƣ̺һľ񹥻ԲŻɢ
Ҳ㷺ľ֮÷
ֻ־񹥻ڱԼΪߵˣȴûʲôá
ǣɱ⣬ս⣬ȣһľ񹥻ȴ⡣ǣɱ⣬ս⣬Ҫ򣬳˻Ե֮⣬һ˵츳
õľ񹥻һֽĹǣУȴֺڣֵĽ塣
־񹥻ǰδеģҲɼⴺ츳֮ߣ磬һУȵģԲһ֮
Ȼͷɲ⣬޷ԤƵģҲͷڣҲŴҲ˵
鱨Ǻð
Ĵı֣κͷҲɵĸп
Ų۳Щ츳ˣȱٵֻǻֻҪܸһǽۻ
ĴǸܷЩڲͬ˵Ĵڣ
ôһ룬õκͷҲüѡ
ô˭ܲµĵⴺ󾿾ȡȥ˶紺һ
ˣⴺ󾿾ʲôѵΪͷ
κͷ૳ĿƳ˲Զǳƽһۣ˶ӣǷֶԷƺһĲ롣
ĻôʵôǿᣬҲֻζѣ
뵽ͷĵڣκͷĿǣ¶һĨĻȡ
ΪĺĳԱκͷȻܹ˽⵽һЩԼĵжôĿֲǾԷǳģ
ֵ̣շһУ
ԣҪΪͷƽƽǾΣ
㣬κͷ˿ɣǴҪĻôȻ˸贺һǵͷʹ

ߣ
ûӰ죬Ҳ⡣
ƾ辫񹥻֪˶ǿߣ츳֮ϵˣ˵ҲţܹĹ
شأ
ţеһбĽǶȳʱ̨ڵ⳱ϫʱǺХʱĺһӿһƬԭ⵱УʱһֹĻϢ䣬ƺܹݻһУƺƵĳŷƼӿȥ
һ𣿡
΢΢һ䣬ͫתɵĳɫͬʱһɿ񱩵ս⣬ɱϢֱ˺һС
Ҳ־񹥻˵ģǣҲǿ
ɱ
۴ӷƿ³ը죬ʱͺһħգ˻ָҲԭս񣬱һλħƺҪء
Ǵƣ˷гһ˸ŵ绡ĳֱӱǳŴɱȥ


1844 ȫȻ
̨£ÿһ˶ôĹ֣ͿûаȴһǿĶ֡
ʥ־ǿ߶û⣬ǹĹ֮¡
Ҳܶ˻Ϊֻʥʧʱ¶⵼ܡ
ǣ봺ڶսķƣȴѾ˽һУ
񹥻
ĹϲǺǿҲ൱ʥ۷Ž׵ĳ̶ȶѣʥּ֮Ӵһ̶ϣʥӣǣڴĹУȴ̺˾񹥻
ԣڵʱʥӲŻʧأճ
ֵˣ˭ͷʹܣǻʸ˫ΪˣǲעĻҪԿ
ң಻ľ񹥻֮£ˣֻҲ޷ӳȫʱҲǲʤǣƽĿԼ
Ȼô벻ǣһо񹥻Ŀǣ
ս⣬սⲻǾͲʧأľ񹥻Ͷ壡
ԣûа⣬󿪴ϣɫĺХг봺ս˿·磡
̨֮µ˿һֱǷڹֻܱĵѣ
õӶҪɳˣرǰŷƴӰ߳Щˣʱһ飬С̱ڵأ޷վ
ԼȻһʥӼǿߣ
ֱʱЩĻ̥ˣΧ˲עԼĵȥͷҲһء

Ȼ봺ΪС
̨ϵĴսڣ¶Ȼ
ΪˣȻʵңѡΪε˵ӵжԿͷһʵ
ȻڷϣȴûֵôңҪȡʤûжٿܣõĺŮҲĴ㵡
Сӣѵܾ񹥻ߣ
Ůӿ૳͸¶һɲ˼ɫ
ûд˭ܹ߾񹥻ǣʱƵʵԾûаսǿƣ
ֱ쵽˼㣡
˭ôɣԣŷƵĿ⣬ǿһͷĪĹһ
ֻǣȴǿЩף˵ʱƷӳʵǰʥӵǵ⣬ǣȴ봺Ļȣһռһƣõ˶ڻɣǷˮˣ
˵Ѿ봺ˣһϷɣ
ֲ²УǼλ벽۾Ĵ֮⣬˶ǿһ֪⡣Щ벽۾Ĵս⣬ҲǺ˽⡣
ϾսʥҲ½ɽӵкܴѣδ߹
ƣǺϵʣЩư
κͷҲǰ촽΢΢
ȻʱҲǳŸָƻңϵϢҲɱ⣬ǣȴܹĳв֮ͬ
һߣǳƽߣƳɫΪĻʸ˫һۣ΢΢źϣҲû˵Щʲô
ʸ˫Խǲ˵֮ĶԹǴз飬ݰ
ҡҡͷװʲô֪
ıʸ˫ǻʸ˫ҪĻ޳ж

ء
̨֮ڣɫϫӿǷХ֮ʱĺ˻죬һĩյľ
ǣ棬ȴӰڲϵײϵĵˣ֮䣬ӿһɹ˵Ĳų̂ΧǲϵĻһɢϫܹųǸݻٳһƬ档
ͨ죬ϢΪ壬ǣȴǻһĨ侲ûıߡ
ĽֵУѾĴĵϸ
ʱս⣬ܣٽ췣ܵƣѾܹѹƴһߣֻǣϹǣеǱȣȴÿһΣֵܹסƵĹ޹
ѵ
ƵɫıĸΪڣ͸¶ɻɫ
ӵУҲӵʵˣܹãԲʲô塣
ңǱȣƺһ磬ÿηƵĹƺһԲŲܸɰˣ
磿ѵǡ򣿣
ϴڳ֮ڼʶλѾ˵֮󣬷ƶⷽҲһЩ˽⡣
ʱ̺򣬷ǳĽơٿΧȵɫϫָо͸ӵˣ


1845 ֮ʯ
˵Уֻѭ֮oܹԼһ磬ⷽ磬֮Ϊ
ⷽУӵȻˮ෴ģˣȴǻܵѹƣ
ҲǴۣΪֻǴۣoȵĸԭ
ʱгеӳܣȴǴ˵е򣬼Ϊƣ
ǲá
ϵڷƵԺֱ𣬡СӲʥ׶ѣҪ۳򣬾ԲܡֻǣҲҲĳѭ֮ٽеѭ֮Ʒӳ˶ѣ
ѭ֮
һҲ˹
ѭ֮ڣ˵ңҼȵôǿԹһ
Ȼʥ׾磬ǣѾѭ֮ĻôƾһЩȷܹѭ֮Ʒӳ
ȻǷĵһѭ֮ˣӵеʵȷޣ츳ܱʥӼ
Կɼʥ׾ܹѭ֮츳֮
ǿд㣬ķ˾ԴΪôһӶܽԼƣѹ֡
ӵľ񹥻ңѭ֮츳ѰѾܹѹڶ֮һͷˡ
ӵȣܷӳѭ֮𣿡
ٴο򴺿еȵʱ򣬷ƵڣһḬ̃ɫ
ĵ
һֶҲ˵Ϊ֮ʯϡУֻڴ˵Уֽδ˼֮ʯãżȴмءܹӡѭ֮oУܹ˵챦oҪᣬѼ
˶٣ָп벻Ȼ֮ʯ챦ܹó̻һۺ񰡣
֮ʯ
εĽĸּĵףͬʱüͷһʵʦѵ֮ʯӡһѭ֮󣬾ͲĨ𣿡
Ĩˣ֮ʯҲͷˣ
һǰҲûл챦ȴû뵽ֳϼң֮ʯƷʹõĴԽ࣬ڵ֮ҲһʯѡԣԶʱڣ֮սoҲ׵Ķá
Ʒ
һȻ
ԭԶʱлӵһ֮ʯǣ޾µУܻЩѭ֮ҪӳԼƵʱ򣬾ͻ֮ʯԣ񣬾Ƕ֮ڣֻ»ӵдҲǲడ
ڷϵĽ͵УƵ۾
뵽˰ʥء
ʥȻûг𣬵ǣİoҲһ˵ûлһЩ֮ʯҲ˵ȥ
С򣡡
ͷһȴСߺ֮󣬻ûиϻң̨Ʋ񣬽ȫڶԸϡ
ݻ˰ʥأͲţСչһֱʱƺһСûԼкԣҲ֪ڰʥصĵ̵УǷ񻹴֮ʯ
֮ʯӲޱȣûĴҪ֮ƣҪӵǿԷʮʵϽһ仰õķдðˮ
˵ԼĹԴЧ
֪ǣʱĴҪࡣ
֮ʯݳƷʵÿһȶȣĶڵѪ
رǿɻûаƣ̬ķƣҪƿڴãôȥǷƻۿ壬е֮ʯҪĴ
ôˣ֮ƿũҩ䣡
ŷѵ˺ۣۿɼٶڸԭһͻȻ𣬶ʱһѪӿϺ
Ǳİ
Զʱڵ֮һƺʣ
ũҩĴڣҲǵʱܹ֮ݺؼҪԭ֮һӵ޵ĸԭҪսûܹĵ
ôôɵɵ־սǲɵǲɵ
ʱײǽĶˣͬʱеҲһգһ̨̣ǷԴþֱʧ˳ҲǻĹƽ
ֵǺֶΣ
ŲԶķƣЩƲֵĺߺ߳ڣһĨ
ֵֶҲܲ
ҲָĻӦšսҪԴ
ȻˣǾһо£
û̸ȥ˼ⶸȻһһչʱ˱뵽ȵеԴ統С


1846 α
̨ϣʵԴ磬ֶ鲼̨ÿһ䣬ȥΪģʹⷽԴм䣬֮ⷽڵo˫һƬɫʯ㣬͸¶һŨ
һһǣ磬ƺѾԴΪһ壬ⷽ磬ⷽ
α򣡡
ϣǼ벽૳͸¶һĨ塣
ѾͻƵ벽۵ˣҲ˵ܹѭ֮츳ȻҪǣҪԵ
ңǾȵǣСȻѾܹƿԼѭ֮ˣңܹƾ֮ʯһα
⻹ˣԺǳɳ˭Ķ֣
ʱκͷǳƽߣҲһأ˸
ˣͷҲǼΪϡС
˵ʱ¶ʵѾڻʸ˫ˡ
֪СӻûеƣûеĻǿɾҪˡ
ǱԴ統еķƣκͷ૳¶һĨڴҲЩǡ
Ͼ¶츳Ѿ޿ɳԽˣľ磬ȴڷ֮ϣƣҲǷƵĲ㣡

α򣿡
˷ǹɽѹѹҲǺɡ
ңڵѹҲһεڶҡ˫ع֮£һ˿ܻڵһʱͱˡ
Ǹܹѹһˡ
ҲԺڸпţԴ츳Ϊݡ
ⴺǲһˣˣӴ֮󣬴㲻ܳǾͷҲǾͷ֮µһ
ϵҫ
Ҫ֪ڣÿһûоѹһʵǾ߱ˣ
һ鲼Ȼʲôĸı䣬û֪
սѣǺƽ
һУҪȴˮܹȷϡ
ҾͲţܹ񹥻ߣ
ķѾɫɫΪÿ˫ɫʯڣһĨ⣬ʱһľֱ֮ӱǳŷϮȥ
ţ
Ȼεģǣľ쵽ˣֻһãһս۶ɵĳǳУֱӻӳ
ߣ
һһĨмһľ֮Ȼת˷һһתƵ󷽣ֱӴڷƵͷ­ϡ
䡭
еĳӳһ룬ֱӱͣͷڣһƬͷ­һһƬģû˼ά
㲢ܹ񹥻ߡ
նվľһķƣ΢΢˿һ̣ҪΪһɱˡ
Լľкģţǰվǻʸ˫ģܻʤ
ֻǣȴûпʱʸ˫ڣȴһĨ
ǳԹһοİ
Ȼ
䡭
ͻأģӷƵϱŷһǿĲΪģ˷ӿȥ֮ԴĻþѣһȻûзӦĴֱƼһı˳ȥ㱬ѣѿصıײ̨ϣڵѪȥʱһɫѾǲ԰ֽ
ŲԶնķƣ̱ڵصĴһƬ벻˼顣
̫ǿˣǿһ޷ݵĵز֮磬һɽһĸɽµһֻ϶ѣ
⣬Ϳշ
ڱǹһ̨̣ܵϣǼѿֳһ֩Ѻۣõκͷæҵȥӳֲûѡ
ǣһ˳·˶ǻҵĳźȥ
ôһֱӾõĳҲŭ˶֡
һĿɿڴĿ̨ϷһĻǼһһȻ
رЩ֪αڵһǼ벽ۣ𾪵ڶʱڶ˵
Ȼֻα򣬵ǣҪ֮ƳĻҪʹʵУ
Ҳ˵ŴӷɢǹѾڴ֮ϣ
𾪣̨ǰֶЩѺۡ
Ҫ֪κͷµģûа벽۾ܣûпܶҡϣ
ǵĳȴõϲѺۣ˵ǹѾﵽ˰벽۵ĳ̶ȣ


1847 ɸ
벽۳̶ȣ
˻
ֻ뵽棬˶ɵĵһڣһƬ𺳣޷ع̨ϵķƣ˶һoһη뵨
ͬʱע⵽ȻѾǴˣңκͷҲһȻģ֮˶һ
Ǿģ
ңվ̨˸ǿǹԾ߱ݻ̨ϵֻǣǲһ˲ѣʧˣԣһֺܲʵĸо
ⲻܵģʥ۷׾ѣôܾ߱
û˿ţǹڷƵĻǶ޷ȥ
뾳Ĳ࣬Ǿ޷Խģ
Ȼֻʥ۷Ž˰벽ǣѾӵ˼µϣʥ۷ܹ֮ģ
˵һٸʥ۷Ž׵ǿߣһǽ벽۵ǿߣֻ·һ
һ֮ǧ
ƣһʥ۷׾ˣܹ߱벽۾ʵ
ûܹţκͷģΰӣ壬һȻһ
ѵڰ
ܹΨһĽˡ
ֻڿɫƺҲǺõȥ֮Ҳ޷ʵˡ
ϾҪƣ൱κͷȨǻͷŭģ
˵κͷڰƣǸ˵ȥҪ֪ǿǲ㽫µԼƲðɣ
ɵأ֮ûԸǷԼ
ѵǡޣ
ҲڻɣĿĴɨӣȴҲûзʲôɵ㡣
Ψһ֪ģֻлʸ˫һˣ
ֻ֪ڷƵԺ棬һĴɸ
ǿԶʱڵûշϴΣǳɸĿ÷ƴ׬ˣȡ˽
ܣ
ǻѪ̱ڵأûеĴʸ˫΢мƲƲû˵ʲô
߳ƽߣȴǷ״ţƺʣһɫջûʳڡֻǣȴһĨ˼
ȻȻǱڷڣôʸ˫϶Թ뵽棬ȻҲȥһʸ˫˿ڡ

ľɱһ˸޷ܣĹ֮£ֻ»ʸ˫ĶǻԴ
Ȼ⣬ڱͷ­֮ԺڱһƬ޷˼κ顣
ǵ񹥻ϮԺ֮󣬱ֱԺмĵˡ
˾ӨӨӨ֮⣬ȱʯǳ貣һڻתţһµ̣ǹĻâ
ڵ֮ϣһɫɸ϶£һˮӨ⣬ڡ
ʱǵ񹥻һײ˽һ켣ֱӱײɸµˮ֮ϡ
䡭
ʱɸһĵһϵѹֱӱǽǵľ񹥻𣬶ֱӳ˷ȥ
ƲǻȻ󣬱ǿ̱ԶĴʱҲһ
ڸӦת˷֪ãͷͷһʹ
˭֪ǻָ֮󣬾Ȼ⸱棬ʵӦ
ң̨һ
Ƕһ˫˫ʲô۾𺳣壬Ȼ˶ԹĿ⿴ţõķзë
ղŷʲô£
ϸ˼ȴҲߣĿǰƺǳԼϡ
ѵԼʲôϳ飿
ǣԼʲôû
֮£ƲΪԼʲô
ѵ
뵽һֿ֮󣬷ƵǷصԺڡ
ֻǣʱԺڣһж糣УûɸҲڵ֮ϣƺʲôҲûзһ
ǣȴ÷뵽һԺܵʸ˫֮ʱ顣
ɸȥǣԶʱڱʹȴǻӻĵ˲ܵĹ
ƺ֮ɸĶڣԣڵʱĽ뵽Ժڡ
һ𣿡
ǰɫɸƿ૳
̽һ޷ɸֻ֮գջǰѾûеֿ֮Ĵ˵ĸо
ܹ񹥻ߣ
˼Ѫ֮󣬲̧һŲ԰׵ӣĿŷƣѵʳ
أ
Ƶ˵š


1848 Ϊ
ģɵĴ𰸣õĴֻܿЦ
ȷ֮£ǷӵĻôʱķƣѾһʬˡ
˵ڷûжѾǺܸˡ
ˣ
ûȤ˵ȥͷһǷϣھһƬȻ
ûǣԴѭ֮ľ񹥻֮󣬾ŰǿУԺΪԼؼΪصĴڣܹĶ£
ȻʱȴܵĴܣ
Ϊľ񹥻ȻǰûãҲһֺܴĴ
ȫž
˶һ𺳵Ŀ⿴һĻʱе޷
׻һ֮ӵĴôˣ
һֺܲʵĸоңĪһǿᵽ޷
ЩȴǷ֣ڷ۾һ˲䣬ƺҲһĨ㵣ҲûԤϵ鷢һ
ôֻһ̲Ī֮ܵ󣬾ͻҵ
ٴκܶ˶İرӵΪ
Ļ
ʵĹŮʯ࣬Ȼɶãǣȴܹӻƽ˳ķչûк֮ǣ
ѵھȻһ
뵽棬˲ɵĵһڣ𺳵ɫ
ʲô˵һѹǿշǧۣ
Զʱڣлʸܹ󶥼Χǣ󶥼ʸҺĵʱռ˻ʸҵһΣʬҰйʸҵoۣȫһıշڵûһѣ
Ǿܣ˵൱ǰλĴڣ
ԣ£û˻ȥЩ鷳
ƴʱȴǼΪơ
ⲻܣ֮ôƿ
ҡͷΪǲܵ顣
ǣȴûг
ô
Ůʯ
ڲˣжð궼Ϊ֮

壬ƿ֮һ
ȻЩһֱ·ǣȴûΪ˭ĸ塣
뵱ŮʯⶼûеóѣǿߣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡǼŭŮʯǾֻлһ
Ůʯ𣿡
һЩĴɻ
ŮʯȻ壬ǣҪȴҪܹ֮ܴϣܹĹ֮
س֮ǰԣؼֻλ񣬲ܹش֮ϣ
飬࣬Ҳֻܴﵽشͬĵز
ԣĴйŮʯĻǾͲһĿֲˣ
˵ھһҩͰ˭˭
ղţĹѾܹأǣȴԼ𵱳
ѵ彻ԭ𣿡
˿κͷģڶ˸˼Ĺâ
ǻʸ˫ߵǸƽߣҲôһֻɴڡ
ϾˣƢȻǹ񱣬£ǣЩҲû˭ܹ˽á
ƣȴΨһһ⣡
ʱܽܵģǸŮӡ
ʱһվ£żһƿֲõվΧ˶ԶԶ˿»ᱻ꼰㡣
һΣ˵ȫ׼׼Ҫͷ֮ӣһٳ
ȴû뵽ͱƴˣ
ǻ˴ļƻ
ȻʥӣѾ˴ĵλǣгͷܹ֮ѹסõĴҪ޵޷óѣ
쵰СӣȻƻǵļƻ
Ůתɱ⣬ű̹ǵϢĲѡ
ڣѾ¶˴ӵеĵ̣Ǹˮգ񣬴Ĵ˵Ǵһֺελϡ
ǣٳͬ˴ܷƣȻһгɿգ
죡
ƺ뵽ʲôŮһתߵĴ죬ȥ
ҡ
һ㵣ǵͷȥֱӣ˸󣬻ǵ˵ͷ
ų̨Ĵ죬̨ϵķƣҲǲźۼüͷ
Ůӷ֪Լ봺һĹϵΪ֮ôΪԼ


1849 İ·
վ̨ϵһһŲ̊ˣ¶Źֵɫ
Ͼڷ봺ĹϵѾ
һԧ죬ȴҪಫ³νꡣ
ͬʱҲ˴ǺŮӵġ
ʤĿȻҲʹﵽˡˣôȫ˸֪һ֮ˣ
ϾһܹԼ֪ºֵˣʲô
㣬Ҳ˽⣬ԣʱյС
ڽԼ봺һҹûзʲô飬ǣڶǰһŮӣΪͦʥ飬ȴ֪顣
һ壬Ϊܹһеˣ˭Ҹ
Ȼÿһ˶ˣǣȴδ¶ҪЩù飬ҲڰС
üͷķƣŮӵǣ¶һĨаȵĻȣ΢΢ƺǵ⡣
һԣվԭأͷһɥ˼Щʲôȫȥע̨ϵ
鷳ˡ
ΰȻô˵ţǣȴһζЦ⣬ͬʱпΰӴûзծߵĶڣ±鷳
õһԵĽֱۣԶ¶ĵɫ
һӴҪ·ծһѵ顣
ⴺǲĿĲݰ
֪ǱޣǣŮȴôȥΪѷƣѾ˺Ƥ˼
ʱվκͷߵҲǴüͷ
ȻŮӵ£ҲΪá
ȴڴƵܹܲΪԼܹһأ
ֻҪŮӣС
Ͼ˭ϣһܹΪԼأ
οĻʧڷƣеָо͸ǿˡ
ʸ˫ʱȴЩֻ
ƳԱá
ҾͲţܿܵסջ󣡡
üͷѾķƣʸ˫΢΢
˿飬ʹ˳ûκһܹܵջ󣬲ȻҲ˶˾ۼųˡ

Ϊˡ
ͷҧ´ڣ¶һĨ
ǲòȻԼ³жôҡ
ҲΪʶֲ˵ĳ棬ԣûһܹⴺĿɽÿһŮӣѳ
ҲǴδдŮ˽ԭ
Ѵ飬һֽѡǾܣʮ˲ҵĥ
񻹼ǵãͬŮӣĥ֮ʱĲҽÿҹجξѡ
ⲻĴ
¶һĨɬĻȣҡҡͷ۽ǵ⣬ڣȴǿһ˫ڴϣĿ⣬ʱһǵĿЦŨˡ
ӵ㱾µĶ֣ǣ±鷳²
ڣȴ뵽鷳еС
⻰̧ͷ˫ӣĿ촽㡭
Ϊ˽Ļ˵ѾԼһжڷˣΪˣܹڶվΪ顣
ԣ˵ڴҲǼٵġ
Ͼ鶼ܷ˻ܹԼ𣿣
ſڣ֪ôشһΪա
Ϊѣ
ҲСһｫߣǣСǼһȴٳδ飬֪ʲô鱻סˡ
ϾİųǣңֳϾˣҲĳЩ˶סҲ˵
Ͻ
żĵȴţЩ˸
ĿǰֻС򽫴ߣõĽʽ
ϾǿߴߣҲǨŭ봺ڴˡ
ңôһλڰǿߣǴҲҺӣĶԴ
ãķƲ˵ӣȥǿģҲĳ𽥵ı䡣
ˣ
ЩΪ伫ˣȻǽҲһ˵С
˿̣ԭĭϹźǰķƣڿһİһ
ȻôҪõö飬ôҾø㣡
Ȼ˵仰ʱ򣬴ŲõЦݣǣȴõķƸоһɱȶ컹ҪϺ⡣
㡭
ȻĿǰһ뻹࣬ȴİ·˵Ĵ죬źϼ䣬Ȼ˵ֻĿŴת̨
ߣ
ǺŮӺ޺޵ĵ˷һۣһתŴ봺죬һ⣬˲ʧʵľͷ


1850 
һģ
ֻļ촫һ仰ͣѾǺŮӴԶ
Ŵȥ˿ƵĿһЩת䡣
ȻƲԸ飬ȻʾˣҲ˵ڷƵУ棬⣡
õǽ壬üͷ
ദѾõΪֱ֮ˣֻǣڷƵѡȴЩ⡣
ϾĵǸԼҲ֪顣
˰
һԣΰûûεĸпţĵ˵Ů˰鷳Ů˵ʱ򣬺ٺ١
ʱƵĴȷǾÿֻҪһŻ鷳£ͻȻԼûбŮ˲
ʱģȴһһǳǳĻȡ
Щ֮üͷɵһ塣
ٿ̨ǴſЦȻķ֮ĵУӿһɸӵЩڡ
ŷһû봺췢ЩʲôǣܹΪ飬ȴʵ顣
ȴ֪ʱƿ϶ĵĥ
ͻȻģãǷԼ̫ˣõķֱΪǲʲ֮˵ء
ȴ֤ˣƶǾԵġ
Щ飬ûбҪʲô
ҪƱ⼸ʱվһԵκͷˡ
ȷʱĽʲôҲûκεã෴ģܽҲˮ
Ȼ屾о࣬Ķͷȣ϶侮ʯ屻
壬ǡ
ѵʾĻĿˡ
ȷôƣʵҪҪǣ˱壬㹻ˡ

ƲûΪ飬㣬ʵ̨µ˶ж⡣
ϾǣҲΪһŮ˶־񱦣
ֻǣȴ޷Ǵȥ֮ʱ˫İ·һ۾
֪϶ΪԼҲһΪܹһеˣõĲܡ
Ͼڶ֮ʱȷԼ࣬Ӧñ
ֻǣϧǣƺ˸Ц־أ޷κһѡ񣬲õĴȥ
ܰ
̾һһĨȻ
´μ棬ҲԼҲ˵
Щܣʵ˵ѾνˣѾ㹻ʵԱ벽֮£ţ㲻УҪ룬ûġ
ǱʵҲֻĸ߶ȶѡ
ţ㴺콫ʵ֪󣬴ҲԲṫ
֮󣬶ʵӪڣȥĸʵﵽʥ۷Ž׾ǿߣǱһһܡ
ͬģƲû˼ǵ
⼸ЩʥӼڿĳȶ֮󣬶ûȥ̨
ȻƻܴⲢżȻ߱ʵǾȥҲֻѿ
ѵų̂ҪøСӣ
Ӷų̂κͷһ־飬ߺõ˴ȴ᲻Ǹ
֮ų̂⵹κͷоЩζƲƲ죬Ȼûȥô
ৣ
û˵棬ռһӰ˱Ǽ̨ѾһӰ
ʸ˫
Ѿų֮̂󣬻ʸ˫ѡˡ
ϳϣ˶¶ֻɫ
ʸ˫ĳԹڳ֮ھѾ֪ˣҲ֪ʲôԭ򣬻ʸ˫ԷͶɱģϴĳ棬ƿܻд鷳߲֮
ԣʱķͷķƣʸ˫ϣ˶ĸп⡣
Ȳ˵ʸ˫ʵΣӮˣܹôɵĽ
ңˣ˭ܱ֤Ȳ鷳
Ϊͷ֮һκͷĳŵ˵ǿп޵ģûаԼ
Ƿưˣǲǲɫ˫ʧûеõҲˣһ൱ʹ顣

ǰԵЩƵķƣ΢΢ʱޱߣٻţǡ
ƺƳԱõġ
ߣ
һһһ˪ڣ˸
ӵоյŮӣûжٺøС෴ģһжԼôܻԲĵ飿
ûЩķʱҲ


1851 ֮½
ôԱ¶ˣ߳ŭˣ
ʸ˫΢΢һ̣˵ţУ˳
˽һα֣ÿһﶼΪ飬ǣȴߣˡ
ЩҲѾ˾ռˡֻǣķƲˬ泩ѡ
ǣ
Цǰֻףеŭ⣬ǻƽϢһƽȻ΢΢һƣǰҵıԣǣĳЩ˵ıԣҲûҺõȥ𣿡
˵䣬Ŀ⻺ɨܣЩ˶ǵͷȥ˸
ȷΪܹһУˣ˵д󲿷ֶһЩù飬˵ǻûʸȥЦʲô
Ͼ˵Ҳһ֮صŮӶѣҲôҲֻΪôһĿĶѡ
Ȼ봺ĿĶﵽˡ
ʸ˫Ϊ仰ɫֱӾȥЩҡ
ǷƲһУֳϽ˽ܵƷóɾûˡ
ĵǷôˣôֻҪһ䣬ǻᴫÿһ䡣
ڣһʱ⣬ȴ㣬ԣĶˡ
ˣƵǸ¶һĨĻȡ
ȵˣߣΪԼ˵Ҫģʸ˫ŮһĴڣǽָڵǶó󽫵Ȼ޴档
ǷŭƽȴûнóĴ㡣
֮
ʸ˫һɫǳ⣬ͬʱһĪɢ˷
һŮһʹ⻷֣ΰ㵴ϢΪֲģ˶һҪ֮Ĥݵ
⡭ѵ壿
ϣ˾һƬ𺳵ɫǿһλoһ
ʲô壿
⻰һǴ˷һ˫˫ͫ׶޵ţǵ
壿
·ľ֮󣬷Ʋ˽⵽ǰӵʹݣħĵĻʸ˫ȻӵԶʡ

һĴڣ˵У֮ʱϼ콵٣ʱ;أ󣬸һ·ٵĳɳûж谭ͳΪؼѹһˣ
˵ܹ֮ѸٵĳΪ𣬾ΪʵԵʣ
ڻʸ˫ϣ֣Ҳ˵ʸ˫ҲҲӵܹΪؼǱʣ
е𺳵ĵط
ҲֽأվڵؼӶһȫµʢ
Ǿͷĵ𣿡
ϣЩٴοͷ˵Ŀ⣬ٴη˸ı䡣
˵ģͻʸ˫壬ѹһܹ԰Ķһгɿա
ʱǲĸоһѹѹԴϢ
ңǵĿϵʱҲЩɫ
ţͷӦö໥Ϊ˽Ŷԣȳ˻ʸ˫λ壬ôܲ
Ĳлʸ˫Ļ˾ãܹѹһͷ
ͷȻǲóġ
ʱ˿̣ѾӴ𺳵л˹ͷΪԶ޷Խĸɽ

ʱ̨ϵķƣ׵壬ܹܵѹļ䣬ѹһʯһҲЩ
壬ؼΪصĴڣشͬ룬ܿ⣡
𣬵һƷ˿Ҳܹնɱǧ
ɲһ˵ѣʵ
ڹżϼأoսȴǱһƷ˿նɱ𵱳
ǸʱڶһЩǿµּ϶ȷļأЩһԴ˸˽⡣
֮½ϣ
ս
ǿᵽ޷ݵѹ֮£սһ˫ת죬Ÿָޱȵı꣬һͻĻҡ
ʱսһУûаη壬ûֻս⣡
ɱ
쳹һoѹķħ쳤ХһױȵϢâһϵâǱɱƣ޷
Ȼſ񣬸һս
𾪲ѣ壬Ȼз֮ƵԣҲܹġ


1852 ħ
ʸ˫Ȼ壬ǣվԣǲܾԵѹƷƣһϯϢ֮ء
͡
ڷƲûбԼѹƣʸ˫ûож⣬һ죬һ۶ɵĲʴУֱ˦ơ
飡
ʴϮΡȻбһȭͷϣֱʴ
飡
ʴȭͷײһ𣬷ƶʱǸоһɾ޴ͻȻӿֱӻȭͷ۵Ѫſ˺˳ȥصײ̨ϣһһѪӿϣҧأֻҪѪ

һҲаӡ
ϴڳ֮Уǳڻҵ״̬ԣڻʸ˫ʵҲǺ˽⡣ڸܵʵĸܵܣ
Ҫ䰡
Ʊһˣ˼
ƵȷǿܹԾ񹥻ߣǣʵʵȴǲ塣
˿
ȻΪ֮ӵһļʣǣҲ֮ķ֮ڣôǲܵ
СӾӲ˰
ΰҲҡͷԵ˵ţһ̾Ϣ
ʱʸ˫ľѾʥ۷Ľ׵ĳ̶ȣȷһ磬ƣҲлʤϣ
ʸ˫֮ڲʥ۷ĽףҲΪ仹һ꣬ǱȷƻҪἸ꣬Ϊȴڷ֮ϣɼ츳ڷ֮ϡ
һԣҲüͷڣ¶ǵɫ

Ȼǳܱȵġ
ۼʸ˫ûжȫԼȴѾ޷һĨء

ûκԥģƱǽ˱çһ˱Ƿ˷츲صı仯

һ죬ٵ˺ü֮࣬ңֱϣһƬƬ˸âɫƬϣҲǲһµ·һ˫ĻȻչ΢΢Ĳ䣬ΧռЩǱȥ
ʱ֮ߣͷ̨֮ϵϣӴռһС̨򣬻ųɽ纣Ϣһ޴ħ񣬴ؼ䣬һԵӾ˼Ϣ
ǡ
˶ĿɿڴĿһĻһƬ㵣ǷӦһ˫˫ڶ͸¶һɲŵɫ
Ҫȫˡ
վڰˣȴûож⡣
ʵҲ𺳵˵
ƣһˣȻ綥֮棬ҽѹ
ҵĹԹԣСӸʲôôӣ
ΰҲǵԲ۾͸¶һȻ૳
ȻܹܵƱǵƣѾȫղˣǳɱ˼ࡣ
ⲻܰѵһ
ҲһĲ˼飬Ǽһ
һֱŷƣرϴΣʥص׷ɱ֮£Ȼܲ¶ĵơ
ǣǸʱ򣬷ȴûֱ֮󣬽ҲһֱǸ˭ڷƵߣΨһ⣬죬ƽ뵽
һֱܳǲܵ飡
˲ǰ嵱çһıç塭
һЩмʶˣȴǺܿϳ˷ƵֱںδʱһȻ
֮ôܻçһ
ǶЩ벻ͨçһ˽÷򣬵ǣΪ壬ʲçһиܹµģ
κͷͷҲ벻ͨеԵɡ
СӣŹְ
κͷҲ૳пš
пܣִ
ڵһϵһ˼
Ϊ𺳵վڷƶĻʸ˫˫ڣֳһĨȵľȡ
ΪӷھϯǹȻҲܵһɽѹѹĺҲɵıЩ
̶һ꣬Ȼһ
˵𾪣ǾǼٵģÿһγǰзԾԵرһΣʸ˫Ѿӷϸܵѹ
Ҳ˵ƣѾ֮ϵƣ
ΪĻʸ˫ܹܵˣ
£һ˫ʱһŷһ貶Ŀ⣬ƣҲõ˼


1853 ӡ
ʸ˫һɫȹѩޣϼ֣һʵʰڵΪģ˷ɢȥ
һߣƵӴսűҵϢһӵ߶ħһ˿һҲη
˵̨ϻżʵʵҺ̬һײ䣬Ǳŷһը쳹ȫ
Ȼƽˣ
ʱ˿̣ûֵܹȻһľ㵣ġ
ʸ˫Ϊ壬绹ڷ֮ϣǣʱȴռʲôƣѵ˵Ƶ츳Ѿܱ𣿣
ǣӹûгһλ
֪顣
Ϊ˵Уģں֮ֻˣ쳤ϣͻƼµɾؼϵ
ƾȻʸ˫ȣ˵Ҳܳһλ𣿣
ⲻܵģ֮壬Ϊ죬ǾԲܳΪģңؼڣĳɾͣҲǰ벽ۣܵϵλ
ûԸţһֱҸɣǣԼúܲ԰ס
񣬸ͬһж˵һʢ٣
ңӻĹʱЩֽܹľ棬Ĺʢ֮ǰǺơ
ʵһﶼţʢٵʱһ˻ӱؼɾͼµλӶһĴ˵
ʱˣڷϱǿһЩӰӡ
Ҳؼˣǻʸ˫壬һͻҼ޵ˡ
ڻĹʢ֮ǰҲһͻʵļ޵ˣΪ˻ĹʢĵһλۡبԪۡ
ƴʱı֣ԣѾʵܡ෴ģʸ˫壬ȴûа취ͻʡ
Ͼ壬Ѿˣȥǹ񣿣
Ҳܵ飡
δ֮ǰԲܹش֮ϣԲܴﵽġ
ĿǰϣΪʢ֮ǰһλ۵ˣֻƣǸѾǿߴߵĺ
ΪǶͻƣǣ󾿾˭ܹΪؼĵһλۣȴûܹƵ
ң˭Ҳ˵ͻƵˣֻҲĳѩصĳһˡ
紺δҪһٳ˭֪д˴ڣ

໺𡭡
ӷƺһƻХľ޺ͬʱ΢΢ǰ㣬˫һչ˱һ֧һ㣬ֱӳ̨һߵĻʸ˫Ϯ˹ȥ
һ·ϣΧĿռ䶼ǱһĳƣΧЩʹ⻷Ǳȥֱӱ˺飬޷ֹĳƣһ·ֻټȭͷһɿֱֲʸ˫ţûаϧ˼
ӡ
ʸ˫ңӵηκԼѹһУ˫һ棬һСĲʺ״ӡ˲˫ּ˳֡
ӡΪĳȻʱʸ˫ܹӳܣǣӡһʹʱؾ䣬ԭʵϣһʺϼһĪѹ£ϣ˶ֱӹȥʾ
飡
ӵսķƣΡȻ壬߸ߵȭͷֱӾͺСĲʺ֮ϣˮᣬʱк
̡
һըɢͬʱһɼֲϫϯǺХ쭷ŰӿƺܹݻһУƽأ̨һƬͨõ˸͸ڵ
һЩӵвͫˣȴǿ˫Ӵһ˲䣬ӴֱӱǸһɾ޴׷˳ȥʸ˫СĲʺ磬Ҳһ˲дѣɫ԰ֽ󲽣һ֣ǶסΡ
𣡡
׷ɳȥķƣŲأ˫һչٴα𣬴һ˵ƣٴγȥһֻӿȭͷǸһܹصӾ˿ԥģٴȥ
顭
ײһδα׷ɣǣѸٵԾ𣬾һ֪ƣħ񣬽Ļʸ˫һδκˣһֱϴͣͲ
һδεĳ£ʸ˫ҲǺܲܣһ˫۳ӡ֣أҲЩ
ȻҲЩܴ


1854 
̨֮ڣϫǣڣϣõĳϵҲһһġ
Ĵ򶷻ڼ˵ƻûܣ
Щӵвͫˣܹս
սǵûбѹƣңȻӵĻʸ˫ȵĵزΪ֮̾
ȳƽߣüͷ
ʱʸ˫Ǵȣʸ˫ܣôȻҲŻᱻеĵλ
㣬κͷȻҲ֪ԣĿƳⳤƽߵʱ򣬶¶Ϸʵɫ
Σ˵ǰݺݵĶһˡ

嫺㵹ѹʸ˫ɫѿ
һѵĵõɸУ
ʸ˫лš
Ƶõɸ飬˵ֻһܹȷʵңݹż϶ɸļأҲǵõλɸڵĴҲ˵
ҲֻеõĴУܹ忹⣡
㣬ӹɡ
ؼϵģҲ޷Խģ
ҾͲţǵõһЩе㣬Ȼҵ忹⣡
ʸ˫һĨâʱһҫ۵ϼ⣬ǴĽɢΧЩŰϫǵȥ
̣
Ƶȭͷײǹϼ֮ϣʱһըһһһɾ޴ʱʹһϷ˻ֱӾͽƵ˳ȥصײڶ̨ϡ
ۡ
ȻѾҪأǣһĨѪЩĿġ
ǱϼֵĻʸ˫ڣһĨ𺳵ɫ
壬Ȼǿᣡ
ƺûܴһĻʸ˫Ҳɵĸпһ
л֮Ѿǳɱȴ޷ѹʸ˫ⲻ˵ʸ˫壬Ŀǰʵ֮𣿣
ĿǰƺƲûȡʤĻᡣ
ôȥܵˣ϶
ϾȻԽлǣȴԵıȥʸ˫ȴֻƾԼʵƶѣǿ˽ⱼçж
ϧֻ֮壬Ǵ壬ʸ˫ȻĶ֡
˸пУ󲿷˶ϣܣնɱ
ʸ˫ȵˣǿ㣬ܹܡǣȴͬ廹ǿǺܴѹ
ʱǽΰӣǾãƻϣã
Ϊʸ˫ѾʼչʾԼǿһˡ
ˡ
ϼԻʸ˫Ϊĳ˷ɢγһʵĹΣһʺһеһλ·ŮһƥĶǡ
ɣ
䣬ûаеɫӻʸ˫Ŀ³˵궼Ϊ֮ᡣͬʱһָ˲䣬һʵĹָŷһ̶ƿֱƵؿڡ
͡
ͬһʱ䣬ƵؿϱǱһ󶴣ҶƬ˳ѪȪˮһĴǴӿ
ʸ˫ָ۵ĲâƱ֪ǣٶȣȴֻĿǵԼؿڡ
͡
ſڣٴѪһָ֮ƺˣңǸܵЩûʧǴ˿ڣƻһС
УƱ֮Ӵ̴һѸٵıȥϵƣڼٵļ͡
顭
ϫһģٴαķɣǸƼһصײ̨ϣٴѪ֮󣬷һ˿޷ˡ
һеԭ򣬶ΪؿǸ˿ڣ棬дһЩƻһУҲ޷ۼÿΣǷҪһָؿڱǻᴫʹ˲۵ʲôˡ

ưһȻ
ҪЩڵУ
ͷ˲Ϣתܿ죬Ʊ뵽Ԫڵ췣
໡
һЩԪڵʱͶؿǸھۼݻЩ
磬ܹԭûз֮ķƣ˲䣬ͱһ׹رؿڴ仹һһɴ⵽ĻϢӿЩѹʳϫǵסϵĴݻ٣Ƴһռ
ˣԭҪֵģǷģ΢΢սȭͷǷ֣ȻŵЩð


1855 ħ
ꡭ
һɭ׵ĵ绡ڷƵƣһһ裬һǵĻϢĲҪԶ롣
̣һϫѹµķƣһɫĵ绡л
⡭
˶ĿɿڴĿһĻرҪȥƷǲ绡ʱ򣬶ǲɵһٲ֮صУǸܵһĩյϢǾڶɽһ
췣췣Ϣ
ϣ˾̨ǵ绡ֵӰڣ͸¶һĨȵ֮ɫĿĿһĻ
˵ľõ˵Ķɵĵһ
췣ϢԸԸϣʱ˿̣˶ǾãϢɽ֮ʱ췣µʱһģһġ
˿̣κͷǳƽ߶޷ֵ˶ǵԲ۾ſڣþ˵
ǵΪȻӦ԰ٷ֮ʮĿ϶ʱڷϵ췣
Ǽʶˣңӵͷĵ̣Ǹ֪֪һЩأǣȴûд˭ܹƿ췣һ˵
Ҫ֪췣ؼĻ־⵽Ļ𣬿ؼе
ʣôܹܵģ
ѵǣĳ
κͷȷ૳˸ɻ
ȻûܹںϲͬԵǣؼȴɻһЩرĴڣЩڵĳֱ죬ǳΪһȻԭԣǣϣȴǱңһĸԴڣ
ˣǿ֪ʵĴڣֽͷ֮ڣ˵Ĵڡ
ֹκͷˣô
ֻǣɷϵǣֵ绡ƻȷˣʸ˫ܹܶݻ٣
ڷ֮ڣǼĲϴЩȥܣǱĲʳ𽥵˳
ûЩ֮󣬾ũҩҩԵΣؿڵĴڣҲۿɼٶš
໡
ڷڣ쳤ХҲǷƱãϣӿϲƣڣ׹˸ϵ漫Ϊġ
ƣǴģȻƽ벻̨򣬵ǣΧɫ£һ绡һĩһƹһһ񷢲
ͻأģ۾һ˫һƬɫڣŵâ䣬飬˶ĵĮһλoڸ
Զ˶ǹȥɪɪǲȥֱ˫ӣĤһλoһ
ţ
Χ䣬ҲһĨɫ
ԭܹ֮ʳϫǣʱЩ̨ڵϫ췣£ǱʳɢѹҲûС
ڷţ֮ҲǶɽսԣȻҲӲȫ
ǻʸ˫ƣܵУ̺һϵѹһսĶûС
Ƿӵսս⣬ֻҲûз֮ͻܡ
ʱӵ췣֣ʸ˫ѹڷǰѾǵȻ޴档
壬ϵ𣿡
ƵǣһǳǳĻȣȻһɷâǾưɣ

һľ޺ڵ绡µķƣһε̣ǻΪһƺ嫵Ĵħ
Ƭֱۣµ·˫޴ĻӴһУһԵӾ
໺𣡡
һƺХľ޺ӷƿдͬʱһɿ񱩣ҳŻϢĴȻϯֱѹԵĽʸ˫ɢһʹԸʳݻ٣𲽵ıƽСƿصķΧ
ǼϢ֮䣬Ƶռ˰̨ңʸ˫ֲ£Ȼһս
ѵ췣֮
ܹܵ췣ƻĻʸ˫˿ҲĲƽЩ
ֵ绡ܣǺֲܿǣƻȴǼΪˣܣܹʳݻ١
⣬Ƿܹԭ
ܣΪܣһܹʳݻٵģ
ΨһĽͣǾصĻ־췣֮


1856 
˿̨̣ϣһǱϼ֣һ룬ȴǳɫĵ绡˫ϵײһ𣬴бŷһɲõĳ˵ģҲһһģ޷ƽ
Ǵڵ绡еķƣʸ˫ԺڣͻȻֳһ
ڳ֮֮ڣ
췣ʱ򣬷ƾǶ췣Լսģңûܵ㴴ˣ
Ҳǻʸ˫ԱҪԭ
룬Ϊ嶼ֿסˣ֮壬ܹƽµģ
ΨһĽͣҲǴʱеĲ롣
⡭ôܣ֮壬죬ôܳܵصĻ־
ʸ˫˸ŻңϵҡͷԸʵ
صĻ־ԴݻؼеһУϵ𣬶޷췣Ĵڡ
㣬췣ܹݻܾܹĳˡ
绡ĵطЩݻ٣ʳʸ˫ζƽ
¡¡
һУ񷶼ԭһʺϼ⣬Ҳɢؼ䣬뵽һƬڰС
ʱ˿̣ųǵУ۵ģڰգǻ绡ķˡ
Ӵһ˫Ļ˫ɫӣǴ˵дӵ߳ħ
췣֮Ѿ౩¶ˡ
۽ǵⲻźۼڳɨƵ΢΢һ
ҲûԤϵڴʱ췣¶ֻ췣֮Щܶѣȴû뵽ֳôĶ
֪Σ
뵽СĴ֮󣬷Ƶǣ
ɱ
һ죬һɭ׵ĳ۶ɣ˫һչʱ˱ǻһӰֱӱǳŻʸ˫˹ȥ
һ·ϣϫӿֽһı룬󣬳ļ棬ֱָʸ˫ؿڣ˿û飬ƺһ
ӡ
ħķƣʸ˫Щҵƽ˫һһʺӡ۶ɣֱӽ֮𽥵ײķơ
飡
һĨâеĳֱնʺ磬âȻӲĽʺն롣
̡
ӡѣ˱ըӭķϣ֮һ裬˺󲽡
ٴγȥʱ򣬻ʸ˫ǱߣȴҲ˷츲صı仯
֮
ʸ˫˫ſŹ϶ֻɬľģ˲Ϣ䣬ʱͱһҫ۵ϼ⣬һհĴڣ޷ֱӡ
Ĺâڻʸ˫ϣǶһ۶ɵĽȹ¾ƮƮʹλƣһ̣ĻΪŮһһǣռ䣬ƺֻҪһؽƼ䡣
磬ؼһڵأǰ벽ۣûа취ƿռ䣬Ψмµ۾ϵĴſƿռߡ
ʱʸ˫ʥ۷Ľ׾ˣȴǸôһӾ˾ãؼƺѾزĴһ΢䣬ΧĿռ䶼Ǳŷһɲ
֮Ȼʥ׾֮
ŮĻʸ˫κͷɵһڣһĨ𺳵ɫ
֮С˵ڽoλһܹ÷ңܹʩߵ
˵֮൱ǽһСһ
Ҳ˵ʸ˫ֻѾѭ֮ˣȻԲʩչ֮
ɼʸ˫ɲֻӵѣԣҲǾټ
ܹҵһҲˣ
ʸ˫ĿŲԶųԼһƽķƣдɣ
ٴһֱָָƣ˲Ϣ䣬һʵʵʹֱײؿڡ
ۡ
Ӧ䣬ƵؿڱǱſһѪҲɣֱӱײ˳ȥ
͡
ײ̨Ϻ󣬷ٴѪǣȴûϴôǱؿڵĴڴ뵽ڵЩܣڼڣǱ췣ɾũҩҩԵ£ںܿǸԭˡ
ȿȡ
ȳڵѪ֮󣬷ƵĺܿͻָЩ۵ؿڣڣһĨ壬Ȼ췣Ѿ¶ˣô͸ɣ


1857 
໣
ɫУͻأģһ궼Ϊ֮ХأƺΪһţԲ֮⣬޶ǹȥɪɪ
ǳЩڶǿߣҲһǸʲôֲﶢһЩëȻ
ȻȻǣһƺԷƵڣ
һĻõȫ˽ǵԲ۾
һĿɲӷƵڿնа̨֮࣬ռ䣬ͬʱڿռĻϢΪŨˣ˶ǸоѾɽٵʱһ
Щǡ
˶Ŀɿڴͫչ˼㣬ǿʲô˼һ˾𺳡
췣֮ʱǵɾǳѾӵһЩǵͷ
˵ڳÿһˣԹĿԣνǼ£
ǴʱȴͬʱһĿֲϢ˼ϢΪʥ۷ˣ̱ȥվ
Ϊǵʵ̫ˣǾ翴˰췣ͬʱһܷ֮ġ
ٿ̨ϣǱһ䵱еĻʸ˫Ƕǲɵһ
ܹƵزˣûгֹƣǵһ
Я췣֮ʱƵƸڻʸ˫λ֮ϡ
һѵץˣ
ΰҲǵԲ۾һĲ˼飬૳ȴûз֣УȴǴһЩ
ǿ췣ǵġ
ǿ൱ؼʹ߰ĴڣԴݻһУõÿһλǿ췣֮¶Ǿһ
ڣȻһץ˷
ֻ룬ΰӾ;ԼСĸһһģ޷ƽ
ʱеĸо޷
ðɡһһͷ۲۵Ĺ
ΰӸ˷ߵۡ
ڱΰţ䣬ܹˣָƷ棬ȴǲκһˡ
ΰӶ𺳣ˣ͸Ӳ˵ˣһ㵵˵
ʱ˿̣κݣԵļΪ԰ס
ҡꡭ
κͷбųԶǳƽߵʱ򣬱Ƿ֣ԷƺҲԼõȥ
⵽ʲôﰡǵõʲô
ͷκͷҲ벻ͨƾġûа취ֻѡȥ

˿̣ڿգȫʸ˫䣬Χĵ绡Ϊ֮ǳˮһţ𲽵Ĳʳڻʸ˫
Σ
ǱѹںСһڵĻʸ˫Ƶ΢΢һ䣬ЩϷʵдǴһڳը졣
ʸ˫ʼŮľûжԼйģͼıԼڵɸÿμ涼ǵ򣬶ԼƣûһЩƣˡ
ԣ˵Իʸ˫ûԹǾԲܵģ
ʱʸ˫״αԼʵѹƣж죬޺ӿͷ
ΣԼѭ֮˵Լκ棡
ѵΪԼӮ𣿣
⻰ʸ˫ֱӾȥ˸űĹâܹ˵ꡣ
ҴûӮ㡣
Ƹ߸ϣĮĿֻ֪˵Լżô۸ô۸ˣзʱ򣡡
һֱ˻ʸ˫츳дһɽһѹڷļ䣬ԣӵеʸ˫ʱ򣬶ȥ
ʱǷȡʤľͻưո𣿣
˵ͷŮҪ˵Ļ᲻Ҫ߲ųǰ
κͷ۾һбǳƽʵ
⻰ΪͷߣҲ΢΢˳顣
¹ȵ棬ǻʤ൱ڴȵʲôҲ˵ĻԺȵţƱش
ǣʱһκͷʳȴ˾ãƱԻʤǣȴηȵѹŲҶȫʸ˫ܡ
ʵĻ൱ȱѹ˵
ߣ
ͷݺݵĵһκͷԴǵ˵䣬ܻʤȾ鷳
˵ģ
κͷץס仰ȻǴµ˵ʵҿǿ˰⵽ֵĻǻ˭ģоͺˡ


1858 
κͷ仰һгʱͷɫֱӾȥҲɵĺݺݵĳ鴤š
κͷ⻰ȷûǷ˵飬ܹѹģǾֻа벽ˣңϴԵУӵеͷޣϣܹģҲֻͷˣ
ȣжԹıǴ󲿷ˣΪΪ
ԣͷͷʹһıóѵκͷ޵ġ
˵ʵڵģϣʲôȭͷ󣬾һСңЩΪͷȣҲһЩѹ˵飡
Щڳඥ̵ᵽˡ
һЩѰ챦ͷԤǣһ񱦼Ķģģͷɳ
εĳ֮ͷǳ˰벽۾ǿߡ
ң񱦣ĳõǼֻһѡ񣬾ϽͷһڵϣͷһЩ̬ǿӲԸ⽻ģǾ
ڵĳȴǲһˣǸͷӦǾ˵йӦˣԺȲȥǿ飬෴ģҪԱӻȻȵǻ
Ӯ˵Ҳ٣
ͷƵĺһǺ˵һ䣬ǲеκͷ
ǻʸ˫ˣô˵ƶһСвҪĿԼԹȴ츳˳ɳ˭Ҳ
ʷݡ
κͷֹһͷĻȴõĹ򶨵ĸͷݺݵһ̲סҪˡ
ʵģǴ˸ͷʹŵ˵ȵʹ
һЩԶʱŴУһЩأǿһһĳ񱦣ȴû뵽һ嵱гһһʱа
а֮λ֮󣬴ȣ˾սնɱǿߣ󣬻Ǵյ̣֮һԯŽаˣ
ȻȻǽа½ȴûնɱĵ̣ңаһ֣ҲʧأûйԯĴڣҪΪ֮󣬾޾µĳǻĻָԪ
飬Ǹʱڿν˽֪ڣȴ˻֪Щء
ϾȲʵ飬˭ҹߣ
ȻΪˣκͷȴûⷽĹ˼ɣңĿǰƵȷгΪڶλаĿԡ
ԣϣ˵ڶתһĨŹֵɫȴۣҲֻѡ

̨ϣŻʸ˫ǱòɫƵ΢΢ͬʱҲκͷͶһǸмĿ⡣
Ȼǵڶμ棬κͷȻҲûаˣԣκͷҲĴм
ұϣĳɳҸе⣡
ʸ˫ȴǻƽһ˫ʯһʵӨԣ𽥵ĵĮǣʹΪֹˣ
񾵣
ּ䣬һ񾵳У֮񾵱Ǳһ貵Ĺâһһ˸޷ֱӡ
ҵ죬ѵ񾵣
ϣһǿھڣһƬ𾪣õķƵɫҲ˲
൱ļ£һܣܹնɱo
ǻʸ˫ֻܹ·һ
£ǰһﾹȻⶫСŮޣǰһҪˡ
κͷ૳һĨ˼ͬʱҲжԷưΣĵǡ
˭ҲûԤϵ飬ĸ֣ȫһϢѹǰ벽۾ǼλǿߣڶһƬ𺳡
ȷ޷շǣΪĻʸ˫Ȼܹ񾵵Ͽɣ
񾵣ڹâ貣ʵĹһմأɢΧĺڰɢΧĵ绡ǰͷҲѹĲϺˣؼ䣬һʣһǺڰңʹԣѹƵơ
֮󣬻ʸ˫ҲǺɣ΢΢кˮ䣬ȴҧ
ۣ
ҧԼָ⣬һѪе֮ϣʱϸһӨԣԵĸΪ鶯ˡ
ɣ
ʸ˫Źϵľģе񾵶׼˷ƣʱһӨԣֱӶơ


1859 Ҵ
񾵣հĴڣҫۣ޷ֱӣ΢΢䣬Ǵռ䣬ƺһƬأѾɲĴڡ
ꡭ
žϵӨת䣬һĴָϸĹ񾵵ıŷʵʰ㣬һضΪ֮Ĵص绡һǰֱӾ˷Ƶǰ
ӡ
ƸҼ䣬ó˷ӡԼؿڴ
䡭
˲䣬ǴӴǸƼһı˳ȥصײ̨ϣȻأãҲûκηӦ
ܹģӴûСĺۼⲻǴ
ԣ˿̳˶ס˺۾Ƕſڵϲ֪ķơ
Сӣѵסˣ
κͷĿƽһﵲؿڣȴȷǶܹʸ˫ѪĹ
ȻԻʸ˫ΪܼǣһǹҲѾﵽ˰벽۾磬Ѿշһʥ׾ǿˡ
ֻǣڵȴǺܹ죬ΪƾȻûշ飬ֻЩ
õɫЩ԰׵Ļʸ˫ϣˮϵĵ䡣
Ȼ񾵣˵Ҳһܴĸңͷųι֮ҲȻȻû뵽֮ڡ
Ͼʥ۷Ľ׾ѣӳ벽۾ܣѾǺˡ
ȴҲ˺ܴĴۣһѪҲкܴˣûһʱ䣬ǲָܻˣңڻָЩľ磬ֻҲͣͲ
Կɼʸ˫ҪȥƵľģǸȴҲϧ
ȿȡ
ԶͻأģһǺܴ󣬵ǣ˶ȴը졣
Ϊſڵϵķġ
ӴΪȶҵĲţ֮£Ҳ˳Ѫ
Ȼһ֮£ҲǺܲܣܵصĴˡ
Ȼ
ʸ˫΢΢ſС죬͸¶һɲŵɫ
ԼĵƣȻסˣ˾޴ĳ
Ȼڻʸ˫ҪûȥƵʱȴ֣Ķ˶ɣһɻϢѹ
ڷţȫʢʱڣԸڻʸ˫˵Ҳʲô£ڣڣȴûа취ͻǿû񾵱ӻԻԿԣֻվԭأĿŷƻָ
ʧܣ
һΣָڻʸ˫ԺڣʱЩʧͫЩն

ˣͷҲɵ̾һƵʱüͷˡ֡
벻ͨʱó﾿ʲôȻܹס񾵵һ
˵һ̶ܳȲǰ벽ۣǣȴԴݻһУһ֮¶ѣ
Ҳ˵Ǽпܣ֮ϵĶ
ѵҲӵɣ
ͷͫ΢΢һ͸һĨ𺳡
ؼ䣬Ȼʮλ𣬵ǲ࣬һЩļڣҲͽαѣȴʧ֪١
ϧʸ˫ܹؼе۾ĻֻҪ񾵣ؼ϶Ψˡ
κͷһ߹˵ţûа˼ɡ
˵ģȷʵڵĻʸ˫񾵶ǺܲˣƾѪżһ˲Ϊ
ֻǣʸ˫ȴҲûԤϵƾȻǵȷƻָ־Ѿעˡ

ӡΪ֮죬ڲϣԲֻǣȴΪ֮δͻﵽ𾳽磬ԣӡֻ
ΪӡĲʣҪݻ٣ǿɲһ׵飬Ī˵ǰ벽۳̶ȵܣ֮£ӡҲһܹ
ֻʸ˫һǹȻûлӡǣȴҪƳܡ
һ˲䣬ؿڵĹѣڵ඼飬ڱƻһͿؿ϶ǲ֩ѺۣҪѣʹϮԺõķƲ㶼Ҫ˹ȥǰһ󷢺ڣκ
ˡ
ڣũҩһɲϣƬҶӣ΢΢Ĳһҩԣʱס࣬ȷûԣǼһ


1860 ʤ
֪ʲôʱʼϣƸӵŨˣī֭һգԭռݰϼѸٵĲʳõأһƬڰС
˳棬ȫ˶һεѹõס˺ǵĿ⣬ǷǵӴ֮ϡ
ǾһͷյޣһּΣյӾͺǻʱһ
ûãʶǻָؿڴľʹԴϢ̲סһ
Ŭĺ˼ΣʹǼΧЩ绡£
û飡
ȱӡӿֳһĨϲ
ӡǾˣֻǣŪӡɺֲɵġ
㲻֪Ĳܹ֮룬ӡĲҲ̫
㣬ˡ
ϧˣôãҪͷʼ
ʯһ޹ӡ̾һּ䣬ǽӡڡ
ӡؼ;㷺ƺѾܵķ룬㣬Ҳ÷ɻ
֮񣬺ʣӦûôôΨһĿԣӡĲϡ

ؿڣ³һڵĿǿԶĻʸ˫
˿̣ʸ˫ԵЩǱ԰ֽˮ׵Ķͷ˳ɵĻȥ
ƽĿ⿴Լʸ˫ҧһ˫ȭսأЩ΢΢
ڼƲûһ֮±ɱ֪Լʧˣ
Ϊ壬ʱܹһʼעƽһһ·Ǹߣ֮ͬϣɳ
ǣԴǰ֮ųԱ񡭡
һΣ˵Ǵ⡣
ڶΣ˵ǻԵʹȻ
ǣһأ
뵱ڶʱ򣬷вһֻⶼϣ񣬲ǹȥ˼ʮ£ֻϣȴǳɳһȸߵĵزѾ
ʱ˿̣ʸ˫飬֪ˡ
ܣô
ʸ˫˸Żң䣬ȻǱɵľ
ৣ
Ҫͬھʱ򣬸ͷˣֻռһӰʸ˫ʧ̨ϣͬʱͷҲûͣŻʸ˫ֱӱ뿪˰ųǣʧʵľͷ
ˣ
̨ɰƵľ޴Ӱڶǳ벻˼ɫ
Ļʸ˫ȻˣңھڷƵĻϡ
õ˶һȻ
ѵ˵Ƶ츳Ѿ壿
ζǲܵ飡
س֮ʱԲܹһ֮ϡ
飬ܹﵽѾǾˣ˭޷Խһ
ҵĹԹԣСӻӮ˰
ΰҲһĿ࣬ĿκͷҲûԼõȥ
Ͼ飬̫ˡ
һ˶Ǿãƻᱻ̭ȴû뵽ܹΪʤ
ܵѹܹܵʴõĻʸ˫ƵȻ޴棡
ǻʸ˫ûʹĻҲлʤ
ǣ̫ˣѾʧȥս֮û뵽ƾȻӲסһ
֮ӡ
Щмʶˣϳ˾˷һĶʱжԶʱλϵo˾η
֮ǸҲƥĴڣ𣬰е㹻ʮλвЩԺ֮
Ǹʱڣܶ˶Ǿãǰ½ܹɾ֮λĻǷ֮Ī
ֻǣܿϧһʱ䵱Уһ޴ѣǴѣֱӾõԶʢį֮ҲʧһѵУӴ˲֪١
Ժ޴ֱۣĹʢ٣
ʱ˿̣ٴμλ۷ʱٴμλϵ
Ҳ֮û·Сܹꡭ
κͷһĨп૳
ʱķƣ¶츳ʵڵ֮Ҳܹһ棬Ҳ˵
һԣ䲻ķƣĵǣȻһǳǳĻȣӨ⣬УȻ¶СŮ˵һ档
ֱƵĿ⿴˹ȥ˫ȵӶӡ
ȻѾˣǣҪһȻǲܵ顣


1861 㻹治
ڼĻʸ˫֮󣬷Ʋ˿
ܹɱʸ˫ֳϣҲôȻȾԻǧ׷ɱ
˵ʵǣڶͷľǿߣֻҪסСնɱ׾١
ʱ˽Լĵ̲ķƣκ飬Сġ
ʲôǿģʲôǲܳ׵жҲеߴڡ
ԣ˵ͷʸ˫ߣõĽ
Ͼ˶ǿĵʸ˫ѪѾûս֮ˣվֻͽЦѣң˵ͷҲᱻʵ
˵ͷҲζΪ֮
ԣʱȻǻʤˣȴҲûжٿУ෴ģüͷȴЩ΢΢
ʤǻʤˣǣҲҪгŭ׼
ȻȲɳһЩǿ׷ɱǣֻҪȰЩСǾͷʹˡ
ϾֻҪлʸ˫һ죬ȵ֮ĶԹͲ˽ᣬôչȥбһ졣
Ϊ˱ٴηһа¼ȿ϶ж

ĺ˿¶СŮģģͷӿһۣʱãһУֵõġ
ܻʸ˫ڡңʸ˫֮䣬ʹ޷һһս
ڣδ
ڷȴǲĵģѾӵ˿ʸ˫ĵ
ñңȻ
ƵһĨâһ̨еİٵС½뵽ڵԪ֮ڣȥ
ī֭ƣҲɢٴõĳ˶˿ʱһᡣ
ǴĻϢϢĻ£ûܹ֮ȻǼλ벽ۣЩļ¡
Լɹ޴˺κˣһӰ
Сӵһβ»𣬵ǣ֮󣬾ͻӰԺ󶼻ԻܶԶ֮
췣Ҳһġ
վ̨ϣɨܣû֮ӴҲĻָһ죬óһϣվ̨м䣬һ
ʱ˿̣Ǳʲô̬ˣǶԷ¶ʵе̾
֮󣬳϶ʱڿ𡭡
κͷҲûֹ˵ʵڵģ֮ǰҲûԤϵܹȡʤڵҲĸ⡣
Сӣƻͦˣ֪˶١
п䣬뵽ȥĸͷҡͷԵ˵Ⱥαӣ϶ưոݣСԺ᲻̫ƽˡ
⻰ƺǹ˵ĳģõһԵüˡ֣ڣһĨ˼
İ㻹ȥ治
κͷǲͷָָ̨ϴŹŹֵɫʵ
ˡ
İһۣƲͷȥƺУ鲢Ҫһ
ÿϧֵ飬ûȣҪ͸˰
κͷõǺݺݵĳ˳飬ҪһŽϼһߵһȥ
ͲţһЩ۾ͷῴڵ٩Լ
ţŭΪϲϼһ޵ġ
ٺ٣Ҷ
ŭģκͷǵһüͷȻڼĽҪߵʱþգµʮϢ֮ڣų̂Ļɾ͹ˡ
˻һõĳϻİ
˽ΪǣʱȴҪĿű˽ߣԼȴΪָоĲܡ
رǼλ벽ۡ
ǳأΪ飬ڣȴʲôôû̵Уɲһơ
ǶǻһϹͬʱҲƾһЩط뵽ߣԲŻڡ
ƹضǣҲһˣ˷һʱ䣬ȴճܹģ
ֻǣ뵽˰ʥصĸ֮󣬶ɵĽǿŸѹȥ
Ȼ֤Ƿģǣȴųֿԡ
ϾʥжԹ˻Ҳֻôӵиʥصģȴָ
ڿҲֻз彻õֿܡ
رЩ˿ȻüĿ֮жһƺҲһЩ顣
Ȼ˵ҪӭȢǲ̫ܣǣǷƼ뵽Ļţ϶ġ
ֻǣΪ֮壬ܹ뵽һӪ


1862 ϵĻâ
ʸ˫֮󣬳ϣų̂սơ
Ͼ˹֪֮
ûս𣿡
ϣֻκͷڻصţ֮ûӦ
ʱų֮ڣİֻзںХϵкһд˸ӵϣӳĳĵ
ʣȴΪԣֻĿС
ȻӮˣ
ڣ˶һ𺳵Ŀ̨ϵǵӰ
ֳܹȡʤ˵ӵѹһʵ
壬Դӵһλ֮󣬾һֱ·ʱգǰҲ൱һѡ
˲£棿
ǿռõԴȻ͸ǿ󣬶СȴΪԴƶ񤣬ӵС
дա
ԣʱܹѹһȡʤǵ߸ԵģҲҲԤһȫ¾Ŀˣ

ֱʱ˿ڣҲ˸˷ܵɫ
ԭڼ屻֮Ѿңǣȴھǰ·һƬţƵ·Բͣڰ벽ۡ
Ҫ
ΰֹһ䣬޻صκͷߣ̨ϵķһüŪۡ
ƺĹ⣬ƵĹϵǳġ
˵²УǣЩߣȴǲܴġ
ϾΪĳԱ¼ˣôһһЩϸпܻᱩ¶УظУͻ
⣬ĵߡ
ȻǷԸ뵽壬һ¡
ԣΰҲ֪ܹܲߵһ
ӣ𣿡
ǼüŪ۵ģ΢΢˳飬бųǶݺݵģõΰӲκͷ󣬻Ǿûаȫеٴ˿һξͣ
õκͷҲһ顣
òƺԼ⼸ȷûʲô
뵽ӣĿǷ̨ϣһֻſһ㣬Ө⹹ɵ̨ʧ١
ǿϧ
İһκͷ̾Ϣŷ֣ʾȥ
κϣ
Ϊĳƺš
㣬úˣⱦûһǧҲа˰٣Ҫˣ
κͷֱӽ鶪˵ţõ˶ǵͷȥֱӡ
˵ûǸģǾǼٵģȻҲֻǣڸҶֵģȴûмˡ
ϾҪ֣ҲҪǸʵС
лκϹġ
Ƹм˵ȴһ
Ϊöϵʱ򣬴ееö龹Ȼ궯ĺۼ
ˡ
ɫڣһöɫ΢΢һĹõĴڷϵöҲӿֳӨԡ
״æ뵽˽ָڣȴҲǸһЩ˿ˡ
飬ƺسʹڣνؼΪȻȴûܹ飬ϵҲ޷̲֮ڵء
ԣⶫΪӵҲûʲô;ԣҲûжӡǣȴǲͬȻܹһ֮»ص˵ߵС
ʵжͷƿ˼ķҲͲεˡ
ֻҵ˶Уԣǲ
ղųڷУһĨӨ⣬Ƿ鱻ļ󣿣
õǼжһ
Ƿܹ飬ô൱ܹƿسط
Զʱڣаõ飬ݴаһЩܣԵطܹٵõ
㣬ڳЩлġ
ֻϧǣ޾µУҲͳһаѣߣ
վڷǰκͷȻǿͫױ͵һǼʱѹеĳ嶯ֻǻʧء
ˣκͷҲԵЩʧ̬𺳹ϣŻָ
ſڣʶ治ԣߵĻָ˻ȥͷƺ˼Щʲô
һԣļĻһĨɫ˼ƺЩʲô
ҵĹԹԣڶ
ΰӵۣ૳
гȴܹ飬ڵķ뵱а֮


1863 
ʵЩû¶ҲղŵһĻ϶ܶ˿ˣвɵһ̾
ڵöѾǱˣǣǣϴɽ֮ϣԺ˯һ֮ȴ۳ʵˣڵǹ죬öƺӦԲ˸ղŵһĻ
һУǷܹԤϵܹƵġ
ֻһһˡ
Ƴ˳ʲôҲûзһ
ϾǴӦģӮöġƣҲûҪʳԵĴ㡣
ϲӮ顭
˼䣬ϲĺҵΪףʥȼλ벽۶Ǿ˹
ǻǺɫһ£̬ȶº͡
ǰûдҪǿö飬ڣȴûִˡ
Ϊܹö飬˵ƺпܹ̲֮ڵһЩܣӶõ֮
ڵǣֻҪ
뵱а𣬾Ϊƿ֮ĺױȣڣڰ½磬ɡ֯ټ
ֻΪȵѹƣɡ֯һֱðͷѡȻаµĵ̣ô˵ɡ֯Ҳܹ
ԴʱƽãģϣϵҪá
ϾƵ츳ѾϣûбɱԺǻΪİ
ͬϲͬϲ
ҲһЦĻӦšȴ֪ǰһЦ֮£֪˶˼Щһ˼ģϱơ
ǿʱ򣬽Ҳ˹ĵڷǰȷǷϮʱܹһʱ令סơ
㣬޿ɷǵϾ֮Ĳޡ
ʲôĵģ
κͷһˬ˹ֱƱǳųȥǼλ벽ۣεվԭأһۣɢȥ
˵ƵȷǸ⣬ǣȴΪң˵ˣҲӦǣȡ
뵣ǵȴǡ
Ȼɳ˺Ů봺˵ڿ϶дǱһЩ׼ӦԲС
ܿ죬Щɢȥ֮󣬰ųڵڶǻɢȥһεʢ硣
һ˵֣ȴεļסǾ԰½ġƣ

Ҳ֪жԶһ̫ĳвԶһСɽͷϣκͷͣãΰҲ
һ߽ɫ㣬ֻһСǹģĳڣκͷ·һ·ߵľƹݣ£˼̳þƣĿǿ
þƣ
һС̳֮κͷ̳һţһܣпһ
ȻǺþƣ꣬һǧϣƶóһԣĵСӿڵ
ٺ٣ϲĹ¶
κͷһЦ˵Ϲأÿһ˶ķݾͺˣ
߷ԵȣϾ
ĵСҲӦһǳųȥ
ǴƵκͷƬĻﵱУˣȻκͷ϶Сƹݵĳ͡
رκͷ˿עԼ󣬽Լһͨһľֹ÷ƶ˸ĺøС
˵Ҳþûˡ
ΰƲƲ죬ҲѧκͷĿһ̳ķ࣬ڵ죬³һھֵĽµĲǾưڵЩʲô¶ǻǾ𣿴⳶
Ҳȷڵˣ׷ĶǶԾ¶ȻǶкܴĺôǣȴѾûľζ
СеУȻûܹ¶ݳƷҲֻܹҵġơ
Ǻȵʹ죬Ҳ̲סһ̳
˵УģȴԵЩԼƺǺڣȥֱӶԷ
Сô£
ŤŤţκͷ۾һбµ˾ӦôںȾƣ⣬ôȣ
ٺ١
һԣΰӿзëȻЦһŲϵʱЦֱӾͱ˲ҽУһЩࡣ
Ȼģ½ŵǲͰ
Ⱥȡ
һҲѧǵĶǺ̳һںȥʱ򣬱ǸоһɻȵӺڣọ̈̄һһĺ
ȵĸоУȴһֻë׶ſĳУһ̣κǳ뷳գԱ׵Ժ


1864 
٣̳ҫգһֱȵƻ裬ϣѾǰڷ˼ʮ̳ϣǲиǽ塣
ڴʱҲƺȴһзգȴһиƮƮɵĳС
ʱ˿̣˽⵽Ϊλô˽
ò˵ƣȷǸöܹʱԼѹҲһзĵ飬һļѹ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱ߳˾ƹݣ߳СǣⲻԶһСɽ£һС΢Уƺ¡
Ϧ£ҹĻ٣ϣǵ㣬¹к£һ׵£ʱԵĺܰͣһλŮ
ڷƴһ߹ʱ򣬱ǿһĻ
һ鲼ȹڲݵϣһŲ֪С׵¹ǴƵϣԵЩʥ࣬һдݶԵЩ԰ס
ʱͷ֪ʲôϵЩį΢΢ɽ紵Ʈϵȹǲһ£ԳΣ˵ջ
ƺǾ쵽˽ӽ۾һۣǿ˲ԶԼķƣһ㶣ѩϾӿֳһĨ˵糺졣ͷȥȥֱӷ˫ȵӡ
֪ΪΣӿһɷǳֵĸоõԭ첻µزСһԷȴĺ£ȥӶ¶СŮһ档

ƻعĺ˿׳׳˹ȥ󣬾ĲԶһƨȥڵϣǿա
γһûĵ̫ĵǡֻҲǴڳˡ
Բ𡣡
֪˵ʲôķƣֻ̾һдɬĻ
һ仰Ҳ˴ڻ״̬ģϵĲȻǻ
ԼûʲôԼʲô
ֻһŷдϵǹɾζȴЩ̻̣ƺ·ƻٴ˹һ
ֵǣ˼뵱УȴûҪܷƵ˼
ֻǣ˵ȴǸΪȻ֮󣬷֣ö˳Ȼ󣬵ݵǰ
Žߵ飬Ĳûȥӣֱŷơ
Ǹ
ţҲЩëһɬСһͷȻҵĽ͵û˼ֻǡֻһѡ
ģΪĺӵܣҪʲôûУ˵Ҳֻö飬ûеİɣ
ã
ĵӦһһֻС֣ӹöɫ顣
һ̣ӿһԵĸж
Ȼ֪ΪԲöģǣȴһ˿ȷ
Ͼν飬ԵǰȴԵĲ԰ס
ֱһ̣ȷŷĶԴԼʱӿһǰδйůõͷģһˮȻ
õһԵķֱӾͻæң֪ҪȥοÿΣҪʱ򣬶˻ȥƺ»ͻ˼ˡ
ͬҲõԶ͵߶̬˿Щż
һѵľͷ𣿷ҪĶͶ
һ̲סŭľκͷˣ֮ΰµܹϢĴֻǷԲﶼˡ
Ǽһϣ츳ǲǣڸⷽ棬̵İ׳գ
ΰҡͷһѧģ
㣿
κͷбһۣĵ˵֪СӸʮ˸Ůı׹лм˰ǧ̫ţһûгɹҾãӲֹΪ㣬ĳģǸ֣˼ȥЦˣ
ͷôܹңǲҵ
ΰӶʱ类ȵβ͵ĺӣһƴɵļơ
ǲ
κͷƺȥʲôмƲƲ죬룬ֻҪǸŮ˶ûа취ٶķ⣡
ͷҸƴˣ
ʹΰֱӾԼϷˣȥκͷŤһš
ûûСһԣõһԵĽֱӾɵۣȰ˼֮ûЧҲǲ֮Ŀٴη˷Ǳߡ
ԭΪ
ֱƽó͸ģףΪηҪö顣
ֻǣ벻ͨǣǴʲôʱʼչزģ


1865 ߵĺ
ġ
ϹģһʹЩԺЩƣĿĵգСĨȥϵˮ
һõĽ΢΢һʶĽƿǰһʹķƣһ
ҡ
ȥƣҲ֪òջȥΪϵˮĨ
û¡
ķɿĽϵˮĨȥ΢΢ӣ΢졣
û뵽ԼȻ鲻ԽĿˣõúѿһ˫СֽקԼ½ǡ
ҵĴҰɣҰɣԼ𣿡˵ţ΢üͷ̾һ

⻰Ͳסһڡ
һԼǾͲǴһٵˣ
ûɱǾ֤Լںⶼ֪
ҲڶֻǸ⣬ӵʵ֮۵һЩڷƽָڵܣǺ
Ͼʸ˫ɲ˶۸ˣܹõ˽ܵĶõĵʱŨŨ
ΪԷǸʱ츳ʵǻʸ˫ĶֲŶԣʱһͷΪֻӣпǸĺȻʸ˫ΪζһӣҪȡ
Ӵһ֮󣬷ƵһУ档
Ȼһˣ봺һŮӵĴɹһҹȴʲôҲûз

󣬾ʵۣ֮˷ԽԽܡ
ҲһԵĿˣǸʱģ֪ʲôǰʲô飬ֱڳ֮ڣ顭
ҲΪ֪ɼҲΪһЩԭĲûôΪѷƣֻǣʱҲԼġ
̫Ĳɣڣȷһٷ֮ˡңȷȫȫڶԼá
ֻǣⱿľͷһļһѵڵԼͶͱ𣿣
ţеŭӵŨݺݵĵǰһһۣҧǿҪһٵĳ嶯

ȴǶͻĸıŪˣһȻĿģУҪɵжɵ
һȥ
ڣ̲סˣֱһűǽĳ֪ļһ߷˳ȥ
ߵĺã
ĳĲļһͬʱС
ģǶˣ嶼һɸֵɫ
һ̣Բֹ㣬Ǹ
˭Ϊ׽ⶼȥɵˣñߣ
ҲǱˣ֮ϵĲмվһĲ
ԼʲôûѵΪղ
Ҳǹģֻǡ
£ƱǻҵĽȴõĵɫԽԽ

һã֪Լˡ
ӣľͷ
ҧģбųһԹֱǵٴθ˷Ƶͷһ
飬㣡
޷޵ĵһǻɵվŵķƣֱӽе˹ȥȻͷҲصĳСǷȥ·һ˴ľվԭء
Ҿʲô
ͷҲ벻ͨԼ
ǧ
һϵ
Ϊ㣡
һ

һ̾Ϣ
˭
ڷת֮󣬱ǿκͷΰӣ˳Լ
κͷΰӶһģ壬ȴǲסҡͷģƺԼҲǺʧ
ҡ
˹õķһʱ˼ֱӶ·ˡ
ܾãԼƺĸطˣǣȴ벻Ǵˡ
ʲô㣬ҾǶٶ
ΰͷһΪ԰˵š
СѾҼˣǣͻȻ֣Сӻͦģ
κͷ˵ͷҲʾͬ
š
ΰҲǺܵڵͷ£Ķǽֱסɷתȥͷ˵˭ˣ
˵˭أ
κͷ˷ۣȻ˼૵ҲܺЩ̵һ𣬲ȻҵҲᱻ͡
ˣ
ΰֱӾܲˣһͷһκͷȥ˹һѣͨһ˺
֪Լ𣿡
ƳһۣûȥȰǵ˼Խǣ˷ǰʵ
֪
ϸ˼һǰ֮󣬷ƻãҡͷ
ѵű˹ԼͶͱ𣿣
ĻһףڷƵļ䡣


1866 
һ̣һĻĻڷԺڻطţĽһ棬Ůҽߵһ桭
һУƺЩʶ
ѵ˵
ٻ뵽˵ĻһͻȻףԼˡ
ʱ򣬷ɱĶˡ
κͷΰӶû˵Լǡ̰㶼û뵽
ŮӣַܵӦ硭ʸ˫ǶԼһ·׷ɱ
ĵķӦȴǽȻ෴ã֮ΪΪԼкһ㣬ٵھΡ
Ҫȥ
仰ҲǴкֱһһĳСǷȥмǼǽţһС
ڿˣ򵥰
ΰӾκͷ֮ҡͷԵĸпһ䣬ȻбĳһۣĳЩˣӦѹ˰ɣ
ǼһֻҺöѣΰһ䡣
ڷƣǷˣһһ˲ʸ˫죬ģ񶼺һ﷢һЩò˵顭
ԼСΰֵˡ
ʱܹҵһܹԼ˰
һӶûϣˣ
ƺ֪һ˵ʲôκͷ䲻˵һ䣬Ȼһֻһųȥ
ͷվס󣬴ΰɱĽȻ󣬱һ̹˰㣬׷ȥ
һվסԭأأ˼ãðѵҪΪ˲ܹдɾ𣿡
ƣ˵Դʹʹôߵһģ
ΰӣ汿ܹΪһһʦʦ
һò̶Ǻܸ߰
ûϣˡ
뵽ΰڳ֮ڵΪ뵽ٶķ⣬һ̾ϢҡҡͷҲʧԭء

֮󣬸ӦϢڣƽ뵽һջ֮ڡ
СԺڣЩһ£ϵİεϵҶӣлֹţɫӨС̵ϸߣƺĳˡ
벻ͨԼΪʲôľͷһ˶أ
ڣжǰǧټƵֺԼȴһϣô˵УΨһʶģҲֻΰһˡ
ΪӵܵΨһŮӣͬ츳Ļʸ˫ȻʶһЩֻһֱûзֳ¶ѡ
ҲΪʸ˫ΪλڷгԱŽʶ˷ơ
ԹţͻȻһûзʱ򣬱ǸоԼ뵽һůĻС
Ķҡ
˵΢һ֮ƺˣ̺󣬱ͣ
ſң
š
ղŻһľͷôô죿
ܹӦű˻Ϣ췣ڣ컳ⲻͬһˡ
ţһӶţ
Ʋûɿ෴ģˣһåһ§ĸñ˴ĸӽܡ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ȴõһůǣڲ֪΢΢
֪ΪΣǳܷƵᣬҲܱ˺ǻĸо
ҴˣĶܸһֲĻ𣿡
ȴķƣ֮Ȼ黰õĽɳƸղŵĽ
Ϊǿöֲ𣿡ȻѾУɲˬĺߺš
ĶӣȢ㣡
⻰ɫһĵ棬һ˵
õһСɰ΢΢ſЩĿɿڴζĿ
û뵽ƾȻеԼ˵⻰
һ뵽ڰų¶ʵò˵ȷӵʸˡ
ҪȢѵҾҪ޸𣿡
ĵԵƢҲˣرһ뵽ԼᣬĹĵĵһѽƿ
һô׵ĵóѣ
Ǻǡ
ǹ׺ݵ̲סЦĻҪǳʱٴα˻УͷֱӽžӨ͸Сס
ĵС죬мֱҲмֻȣ֮õķ鲻ԽɿڡĵСӶ§˻ᣬ
ģȫȻûԤϵƻٴַԼԲ۾Žߵӣһʱڣ˼ֱӶ·κεķӦֻţһһεıʳ
Ķ޸ң𣿡
ǵԺʱ򣬶ٴδһʶҪͷ


1867 ־
У
ʶģıǽƿҡҡͷڣ˸Ÿӵɫ
Ƶȷѵѡ񣬵ǣܶ飬ΪĳԱҲɼġ
ΪʲôأĶ
һüͷЩңҲܽš
ܹܵĵģǴʱĵķӦȴǳ⣬Щ벻ס
ǣˡ
ü⣬̾һ˵
壿
һ𣬶ʱüͷˡ֡
ȷܻĸԼ
ֻһصˣҲῴ츳ķϣΪ˽λδǿ߶һЩ㡣
ǣԣһУǾصˣһЩأӦ֪٣󲿷֡
ǲ֪صķƣҲҪ壬ǾԲܵ飡
ҡ
ǰҲǴһŵģſڣȴʲôҲ˵
ǿͷ𶼺˵Ĵڣʲôأ
ʱٶĺ׳˵ڣκα֤
ܣ
ҧ촽ȭͷקЩ΢΢
ͷ޷Խĸ߷壬ǿƣȴҲΪԼܹӵгԽĿԡ
Ȼûʸȥ̸
ĲֻǣüҲĸ
֪Ⲣ˵Ʋ㣬ǣ壬ԷԽ
ǡǲܵġ
ĵͷ΢ĴڣҲһĨȻ
ǡ
Ƽˣļٵ̧ͷʱ滨ԭļΪУվԭأ֪˵ʲô
ָףѾģѪȴоʹ
ģѾʹľ
ΪܵġҪһУȥԣǣȴҪǵ
Լ˳嶯ѣ˽ġ
ˡ
Ŀǰķãᣬӣ㻹ǵʲôҲûзɣ͵ҡǰǸ졣
ƺ뵽˵ڴ󱻱ԼƣƵľЦ绨ѩŵĺϢ
ôܹʲô鶼ûзأ
⻰ȴΪ嶯ץסֱֱۣһ⡣
ʵĺγ֪еʹ࣬ЩԭǲȥģȻĺ޷ʰ
Ķģһȡ˵ģ
Ƴĺһڳ˵޷ԭôҾͳԽ𣡡
һ仰ֹõԭأԶڰ͵ˣҲޱ𺳵Ŀ
ؼϵĴڣؼ͵Ĵͬ룬Ĵ籩꣬ĵָɽռ䲻ڻ£һƷ˿ܹնɱoǰĿֲܹݡ
ҵĹԹԣһѵǷ˲ɣˡ
ΰ΢΢ðһɰͰ͵ۡ
ȻƻӵĻʸ˫ǣ˶ҲֻҶѣǻʸ˫̫嶯ȥܵģаٷ֮ʮİջ
츳γˣ㳬壬Ҳܹ֮ϣ
ؼ䣬٣ǣÿһʱֻһλ֣ûλ𹲴һʱ
ԣÿһλ𣬶ǸʱϵĴڣˣҲ޷ֱһλǿ
Ҳÿһź޵УҲһּį
ʱĳӵУҲһõ̻ѣȻȻ貣ǣҲ˲伴
СӣɲҪɵ°
κͷƳһΰӣüͷ΢΢૳
ܹһĶĵˣΪŮȻԧ죬ңǷԸ壬ǽһȫ顣
ڿпܣûдҪˡ
ףڳ֮õ飬ΪηȴûҪܵĴأ
ֻн壬΢΢лȡ
ڵˣһߵԸܹΪ벽ۣһģǳΪһۡ
Ƶ־ôԸ룬ƺʵֶˡ
Խֿ𣿡ںɻ
˵˵Уؼڹλ񣬵ǣλȴѾ伣ˣǾǷڹûܹ֤ʵôȥǸδ֪ľأ


1868 Ա
ŷƵĺ׳ҲԭأĿǰһķƣ˵ĸо
Ϊ壬Ӧþ÷Ƶ仰ֻһЦѣǴʱȴǷж
ϾôΪ
ڰųڣǻҲûзΪԼ顣
ֻǣȴǿϣ
ΪԽǿɲŬƴͿġ
޸£֮ϣǹ
ഫδεʱؼĸһѵǡ̹Ź
񻰴˵У̹Ź֮ٵأһɽˮ磬㲻֪٣ѵҲ޷Ѱٵ̹Źټ磬ؼһλĹ񣬸ûдڹһ
󣬺Ů洣λ˰壬ഫŮ洹ֻһ塭塣
ڵʱ½Ҳûô壬ֻǣʱ˿ڼΪϡ٣ͨ飬һͬ
Ȼ֮ˣλ񣬶޷ȷ治ڡ
ؼйĴڣκˣй
⼸޷ȷϵĴڣܹﵽ𣿣
οƻһ֮ˣʣӦں죬Ҳ˵츳ǿӵٶֶΣп𾳽޷ͻƣ
Ͼؼ䣬ɻûй½ܹ֮ͻ

ӵ׳־ȷǲȻ뵽ǷΪԼѡ֮ĵüͷһ
ӷƵﵱУ֪ƻż֪룬Ҳô˽÷Щ֪뵽ڡ
Ͼӵмʸ񣬲ں˾ӵǸʸǷƼ壬ôͱЩǣһϣ
飬ֻҲ첻
𵱳ڶƵʱʸ˫ľŮģһеԵɣ㲻룬Ҳ϶ΪǼƿ˵ĺ֪ΪǣܹӺΪãؼĲ䡣
־ģɲÿһܹӵеġ
ңҲţܹΪԼôŬͬʱƶԴЩ֪϶Ҳˡ
ԣ֪ܵ飬ûҪ÷Ϊѵľ档
ڣƵľģȴõĺΪǡ
˼֮ĵɫıı䣬ϵ飬Ϊޡ
ΪԼ˻ʸ˫ܹ޵ΨҶ֮ϣֱЦ
Ŀ˵õķڵ
̫Դˣ
ųζĻĵҲΪѵΪ飬ҾҪ㲻Ҹ㣬ڣ˶ǣ
ġ
ĿɿڴĿһģǵĳƺ޷ٴνг
˵ǰһ뻹Ǻúõˣһ룬ȴˣһʱ޷ܡ
ףʲôʹָı䣬ܹжϳⲻĵı⡣
ΪԺͿԲң
˵ţڷǿѾѪͱŵӣʵֻѣҲһʼĿģûʸ˫ǰܡ
мƲƲ죬ųζ˵ȻŬҵԸڵ㣬Ѿüֵˣ
˵ֱ꣬תԭ˫˲ˮҧŬĿԼڷƼ׷ʵʱûиκνͣżһ֣ӰƮ𣬻һӰӳԺӣӳ˳У˲Ϣʧʵľͷ·һˣվԭأ׷ȥûС
ĵÿһ仰һ䵶ݺݵļ仮һѪۣʹ޷ֽűһ˲ҲգͷҲһƬհס
һľգվҹУն΢һκ¶ȵˮƮϡ
⡭
ƣϸģƵڻָһЩɣǵ𽥱ˮˡ
ߵı䶯ȻҲõԶ͵˿Уƺһ˲ھô⡣
նն
κͷҡͷ̾һҲûдкһʧ١
ģΰҲڵ٩ȻҲ뵽еԵɣվԭزķƼۣ촽˶һóһ̨̤ȥ⻪֣Ӵʧ


1869 Դ
ҹУƾվԺ䵱Уһҹȥֱڶ죬ҫ۵ҫϣĻع
𣿡
ּ䣬ɫڷϣö޼۵񱦣Щ˻Ƶ૳
ֻΪôΪβأ
лתķƣ˸Ÿӵɫ
ĵףͲԸôһˣٿǰ飬ţǱġ
ұȥ𣿡
Ʋ΢˼ǴŵĲµһЩԵɡ
ڣ統Уʲôѣȣлʸ˫ĴڣעҪжԡΪԼܴǵļƻֻҲѾԼ֮ǡΪģٽôؼ䣬֮𣿣
뵽ǵ΢ˮƵĶڵѪɵϣ˵ɵԼȴԸһᡭ
ĽУƵ⻺ıļᶨ
ˡ
ϤĲɫ֮һĨӨ⣬˷Ƶע⡣
ô£
е궯飬ɻãȻ
ȻеƺҲڻӦЩʲôǣö黥ĸӦУȴǾ첻̣ңеòҲûбĺۼõЩŪס
ʦʦ𡭡
ʮ֮󣬷ϵǴ
ףŮأ
ûиӦĵϢЩɻʵ
ˡ
뵽ĵ뿪ƵһĨȻ
Ŷ
ƺҲһЩʲôķϣûм̸ȥʵʲô£
ġ
ƽһһʮ˵֪
£
ҲһϵӨתҲ뵽˳ĬС
תӨԣ˵Ѿ˱ļ
ʱû˴öϵ飬ǣȴȫȻûаá
Ļǿ϶һļزŶԡ
Ȼûⷽص֮£֤ҲʱѾĳõбĺۼ
ڷڵö飬֪ģֻǸʱΪǱˣ鴦Һ״̬ʵ塣
˼ɽ֮˯һԭ۳ʵˣ
ŷƵĽͣЩʵ
š
ƵͷҲ벻ףΪεɽѾһôõȴǹ˼Ӷѡ
У϶ǷԼ֪飡
㣬ܹ϶ģ˵ɽڣÿһ˶ֻܽһΣû⣬ҪҴ𰸣ʱȴҲˡ
˵֮أ˼λƬϣκ鶼пܷ
ҸʱȥԿӿֳһͷ
ƾ֮ûиܵѹ㣬ãҲԼܹΪһڶνɽڵҲ˵ء
ˡ
һöӷƵĶͷ
öǷҲзӦϵֱԺ
ã
Ƶͷ֣öڿеץС
ˡ
һ̣ڵöĸΪˣеö飬ͬʱŷ΢ĺ⣬ɫˮԴȡ
ֻǣܹǣЩȴǱ֮ڣ磬ȴûܵӰ졣Ȼṹڶ֮
ǸӦʲô𣿡׷ʵ
ʲôҲûС
۾Ӧãҡҡͷھɻ
֣ԣ
ö黺ȥڰգͬһλãһӨӨ֮ס
ãȴûа㷴Ӧ
ʱڵöҲͣ궯
ΪöԵʣ˽ۡ
ܹҲʵ£֮ٴαʵޱȵĹ졣
̲֮ܣӹɣ
Ͽ϶˵ţ˶ֺĵȻбļôԣܹܲһЩʲôܣ
סƵ˵ͷҲһص˵š
̸۲ûмã̲˷Ͼǵöٴ뵽˷ƵĶͷ֮ڣʣö򱻷СĵڽָС
ȻǴڷڣһֱעưΣĽ壬Ƿ㡣
Ȼ𾪣ȴûгֻǣȴԽľã˵Ĳ򵥡
Ҳû뵽Ѿӵһö飡
ʱ֣һӰ뵽Ժڣ˷ߡ


1870 
С򣿡
ڼͷϵİӰһĨɫ
ⶼȥһˣСŷأп϶ǷһЩʲô顣
û취ܲĿǺСԼȥɣСԻʼͷ
ķƵɫԣо϶Ƿʲôˡ
ôˣ
ĺ˿ƽʵ
СӵѾ㶨ˣڱҶʥѧ
С赭д˵һ
ȻǺɣȴֵ֪С򻨷һʱȥһ飬Բ˵ôɡ
Ҳ֪ܹƵ̶ֳȣǸԲڶжһϯ֮ء
š
Ƶ˵ͷΪӵĿһһС򣬡ˣ
ٺ٣С£
С㣬һС
Ҫһ˰ųǣ
˼֮󣬷Ʊ뽭һͬ뿪СǣŰųǷжȥ
һ·ϣ۵糸ȻƵȵ˻Լ֣һ·ȴûյʱ֮󣬰ųǵ챱ǳڡ
Ⱦʲôأ
ȻûܵƵüͷǽ
壬çһ忪սڼκһ⣬пܽٲ֮ءرȻĴڣȰгּ֣Ѿעˡ
վһԣҲ硣
˵ǱܸߣǣȴϣǰҲһƬڰ
Ͼǰ棬аΪӡ
ȻǰȱʾΪ㣬ôӦþͲΥϾȵɺܴ𺦣ֻпȻڰ壬çһһЩϵİ
ãǻ˵
šͬĵ˵ͷ
Ҳǵġ
çһĵʵǺܵǣǣɳǿ߰Ļɾпͷˡ
ڣĹϵҲǺǢ֪Ȱ壬ҲûȥΪԼ˵
ģȲĺܹݡ
ڴʱСǳȴֱԺ𣬲ѵɱڰڵػһ壬ǲӲ
ѵػһӵȿʵƲɵĳһ
ٺ٣
СЦЦػһʱڵһ飬ǵǿӹɣҪ֪Զźڰʱڵģɾǣ
ԭˡ
ڷźĹâ
ػһ壬һֱڣǰĬĬŵػŰôʲôôأ
ѵڰĻлήٵһ죿
ֻһ룬бǷ㺮⡣
ڴ˵Уǿûɼ֮ǿǳǽǻὫ´ڰС
ɲ˵ѾǰʮԪ֮һԽڵĲ鿴һЩʣ
СҲǺȷо˾ƺҲǸо⡣
Ŷ
۾һߵĽ˸к˱һŰųȥ
ȻѾȥһʱ䣬ųַǷֵΪԶƶܹŵĵ
нλ벽ڣ΢΢ϢΧ˶ǻæ˿óһرǼǷ֮Щ˶¶ηɫ
ǿƿǻĴڣǿɲǿǵġ
Щ˶Ҷ԰֮ģǻðһ
ԣһ·ϣ˶ûյһ·ͨ˰ǰ
ڳڵ㡣
վڰǰԼ¶ɫĻֱŷ˵
ǾͽˣҿܻҪ졣Ƶ˵ͷ
ڻηĿ£߽˰ֱѦԺ䡣
ֻгΪʮ֮һʸĲ󣡡Ѧüͷ΢΢
ֻгϲܹ룿
üͷҲһ塣
ʮϣǰʮܹӵһ
Ѿѡ𣿡
ڻûУ޸ĸ鵱СѦش
飿
Ʋһˣⳤ֮λҪˣ˭ģң
ã
ѦһĨ⣬ֱӱǳԺӣĸͨȥˡ
ɲˣ
Ȼĸвˬʶʵȴ֪ǸڣûпƵĴڣ
ԣܿģ峤֮λ˷ͷϡ


1871 
ûжģϱ֮󣬷Ʊ˰ʮϵλãֻһ䡣
Ҳ˵Ϊʷһλϣ
Ȼ겻ѣǣһ뵽ǰȶϷƵı֣ȴȻˡ
ȻᣬǣʵȴѾԽһǿߣ˵½Ҳܹȵˡ
˵ǵ֮
ϵĲʽȻڰС
һĴڣŹɣϣڴ֮ϣӴĵܴͷ̤أ޷Խĸ߷塣
ܣһŮòǺǣȴһĪϢӿڣҪȥĤݵĳ嶯ûȥֱӡ
Ȼܣľǹʱ
죬ܹ˵ϻ嶼ǰ϶ǸΪ١
ԸԸ󣬵ǣȴܽϵŪ٣ϵĹҪλ
ʱ֣Ѧͬ£޸ĸ˵ﵽʱǽеĿ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣ȫĽ㣡
ֱĿĸоƺѾϰˣǴһĨǳǳĻȣһ·ѦϸЩʲôû̫ȥЩĿ⡣
ʵҲǽЩˣжܹΪԼѵģֻԼǿƲԼѡ
ţǵĻȸ
ǿƣȻҡҲ˶ʺޣǣҲһĺôѹĳЩ˲
ڵǺôԼֻҪӻ壬Լں˲ܵ˺
ڷ˵ǺҪǿԵĻԸѡƽƽĹһ
ʱǿư̬ȾҪˣڶˣǾҪгŭ׼
ϲϲ
һ·Χ˶ЦϲֻǴЦͷ
һֱߵܵǰ棬һ˲ͣ
ǰûʸվǰ壬ûʸվڡ
ԣվĶǰʮ壬ֻ΢һɨۣȴǸƿЩϤӰʱɵһ
֣
һŮӲԶһӪֱ߳УӣЦȵƴк
֣
˼Щ̫ȷĳ
벻Ѿµķ֣ǵСﰡɽˬĴЦŷƣһ͡
ȻŮǵԴڽʶģɽãǶɽİæƲŻԴֳȨȻƿĸ棬ɽЩҲ
˵Ƿɽһ飡
겻Ϊ
һֿЦݣڷ⡣
ɽ䣬Ӧ࣬ڣȴѾʥ۷徳ˣ
ʱԴƲ⣬ɽڵݲôһпܣɽֻ֮Ҳ˵
ͷֱȲð
ɽǴſЦҡͷھǸп͸¶𺳡
壬ڰ½ǰģΪ֮壬츳ԣȻӹɡ
꣬Դշĸ֪֮ӲԱѡƽύһȻĺðȻʱӵз˿ĶԴ
һԣɽãգŽëһ˫ںǳ˸źɫԼ罻̸ķơ
ԴڣԼԷôߵۣǴɡ
Ͼɽ֮壬ʱȴ˵Ƶĳɾͻᳬܹţ
ǣеʵ棬Ƶ츳Ѿɽ
Σ˵ҲΪϵı֣Žһֱڱչصе˻ΪģǽĹϵ
ܹ壬ƿΪ췣ƵδûܹԤ⣡
ʱΧЩˣ̸еˣڶ˸Ÿӵɫ
˵廹ǣô壬ǿǾԲǵĴڣ
һ壬аٷ֮ʮļܹɷʥԣ˿ڲ壬ܹڰǰģ
ʱɽĹϵǺǢҲţĹϵ
˵һϢ
ԭΪçһ֣ԽƵڣĻôçһ˵ǲֵһᡣ
ȻǰỹҪ㾡ȫС


1872 ʶ
ʵɽƽãڳж϶⣬ȻΪ֮ɽԲ
嶼÷ƺˡĸ̾Ϣ
ԶʱڣʱҲû˵ǿƹֽ񣬾ϿѾûĸܳѹƷƵˡ
𣬵֮
ǵȴĳɳҲܹıڰ½ĸҲ˵
Ȼ˵ַ壬ǣʱĴ֮£ܶ޷ƵģҲĳЩ飬һʼעˣ

ʲôĿģɽΪ֮ʱԼˣмġ
ɽУ˵Դ£磬϶ô׾ߵһ
벻Ҵһ𣬷־ȻѾӵ˳ɾ͡뵽ǷƵĲ䣬ɽЩĸп
ʮϣ˵ǰʮʮǿˣԴ
ƣȴֻһδ˶ѣ
;Уãã£꣬ںܶ˵һαչصʱѣƣȴѾһһеˣɳһĵز
ֹˡ
ӣǴһĨǳǳĿЦҡҡͷ
֮ҪΪϣΪҪȥ֪أ
˵ؼΪϵػһ壬ؼΪϵ壬µУ飬ڰһЩż֮ϣмأ
һ޼۵ĲƸ
ţЩż֮ϣܹ֪ʡ
ڰʱھô¡
Զ񾿾ȥ˺η
ҪǣҪҵĲϣ
ϣһֱָԼʦȻ˵ʱЩ̫ףǣһУΪá
㣬Ƿǳġ
⻹һˣˮ£
ΪŮӣԶʹ
ǻˮȣǸ˾Ƿƣ
֮һҪ࣬ǺͷڣҲҪڰڵĹżҵļء
⣬壬ǺεȵĴڣҲǷǳҪ֪
ͷʼû֪ƺԶʱʼ֮ǰͷǴ۷壬һֱûܹԽ
ȻǸʱڣûôģ
ЩǷƱΪϵԭ
ꡣ
һ쳹ϣһЩǻͣ
ɽҲֹͣ˽̸ĿתƵȱ򿪵ʯϡ
ûãӰǻĴʯ߶
ͬһʱ䣬˵ĿǷмǵϵ֮ϡ

Źڴڻصš
λΪϲˣ˶ǱоηңΪ½ǰé壬и֮ûռ½п϶ػһĹͣ
½һȣȻԵ˵ƶ񤣬ǣҲһ⣬ȻǶţ
˵⣬һڹžûа㲨ɨڳÿһˣĿɨƵʱ򣬱ͣڣ
ˣ̫ˣȻʸ˫ܣ˵ƵǱѾǳ֮ķˣ
츳֮ˣڰʷϣδֹ
˴֮ϵ֮ǰ˲ջĿ⣬һϣ󣬹ĳܹȥ
ৡ
¹ˣǹȥ
ڸ˹ȥ֮󣬷Ʋעǰ
ȻǵһμǣֱȴǸǰܣԾ
õһ
Ϊϵ壬ػһԲȥĤĪе˵ʵĴڹģ
ܣɲ֪Ĳʹɣ͸¶΢ĺ⣬ӳһǵ̣ǷƣҪ̧ͷȥ沿ʱ򣬶ǸоһɽѹѹȸС
ܣȻơ
ӿֳһĨ𺳣ͷϣˮĹ䣬ֱ̧ͷǹѹڼͷѹȸвʧ
̫ˣܵͣһλ
ûհݣЩźûп沿ڿұߵŮ洹ܵʱľϤС
ָоĺĪƺλһ


1873 
ʶĸоõķһĨȻʶģҪ̧ͷհλŮԹòǣͷ̧һʱ򣬱һεѹ̧ͷ޷ݡ

̧ͷ֮ѹǻɢȥƴڵĴϢţϣˮ졣
ĵϣƺһشƴڣ޷Խ޴ӵƺλվһϵѹǰ벽۶пܳܲסֻܳ
أ
ȻЩϢȴһֱ˸˼ɫ
Ժڵм䣬ҵ˼ΨһǿصһˡڤڵİŮӣ
ڤڣǿ֮ڵİŮӣǾǿ󣬾ˡɡ֯𣬸ǰɹ˵ھϵ췣
ǵڽƵеӰ÷ΪµһˣÿֻҪһ𣬶ò
ڣͬˣ˫ڣ˻
ǰŮӣȻֵסǵӰĹƣɼжôĲڣƿȷԼ϶췣֮£
ֻŮӵʱȻѹˣǣȴȫʧ÷޷жϳʵݡڣΪֿǵӰٴ뵽ߵС
ȻʱŮӵӰԺڣǣǰŮ洹ĵһȣȴƺǴкܴĲࡣ
ȻԼҲ߲ģǣиڸŮӣŮ洹
һֵֺĸоȴš
ֻǣ˰ŮӣãбҪȥһڤ֤һЩ顣
˼䣬ȴѾϣվˡ
ڹıӻ£᳤棬嶦ʢ
ԹԵ˵꣬˫΢΢һһ˶Ǹܵһվ
գλͬһãҪһλϡûڰ֮ʱĳƪݽ࣬壬ƣ
˵ʾ£˳ȥվǰ
ΪҰϣǾҪָ壬ðʢչȥ񡭡
׼ȻĿŷƣµʵƣԸΪʮ֮һ
Ը⣡
΢üͷ֮󣬷ĵ˵ͷ
ѦĽָͣ壬Խ岢뵽ڣðʢķչȥǾ͸ˣչԼҲ൱߰ʵ
ԣǳΪϣҲжԼ
ǣȴ֪ػһ壬ȴһֱڼ׼򣬶ңһֱŬδҡ
˾ĶŷƵ˫ֱۣã΢΢˵ͷڹļ֤£ƣΪҰʮϣ
䣬ּ䣬˵ϳһӨСȻǰС̷ڷƵϡ
ƣЩȣһů
ǰЩģ͵СһĨɫ
С֮ڣܵһǿĲһĪƣɽƺ
õķ֪Сɲ򵥵ֻһģͶѣһܹѹ
Ѫ
ʧ֮䣬˿ѵ
ԣûжԥһָǵһѪҺֱС֮ϣ󣬻뵽֮ڡ
ţСĹâຬ𺳵ڣСĽ뵽Ƶ֮ڣһѪĸо
Ϊ棬ԣС뵽֮ڵʱ򣬱ǵ뵽С֮ڡ
ʱͫһӿһǿҵ𺳡
ΪƵСڵʱȻһɽˮ磡
ʵ磡
ȻСڵĿռ䲻Ǻܴ󣬵ǣдеĲľڸ߷ƣǽװ뵽СڣǶ¡
Ҳ÷Ƹе𾪵ĵط
Ҳ˵СֻһңһܹЯĿռָ
ƾСԽ򣡡𺳿ǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬ѵ
л
Ķ
лңԼȡġ
˸˸°ϵĳİ룬΢΢ڣ¶һĨ͵ɫұǣҪǵԼ񣡡
ס
Ƶ˵ͷͷһĨӡ
ҪػһֵزǾԲܵģȴǿԱ֤Լȥַ壬ǰˣбҪʱվ
çһ壬Ѿ˵壬ȴС


1874 ʢ
ʽܿˣ΢ЦĳŷƵ˵ͷ֮󣬱ػһĳԱ뵽ʯ֮ڡ
ϲϲ
ڣһƬϲǰҪࡣ
һУΪ̬ȣ
˶壬çһ֮ĲĻôʤƽ϶ǻôбġ
ֻЩϲˣȴûжȥǣǽѦӦԼɽеĽ̸ȫȻΧЩĿ⡣
֣磬һĵط𣿡
ɨһΧЩ͵͵ƳĿ⣬üͷ΢壬
ֳϣܶ飬Ҳûа취˵
ãͷͬһֱûҵᣬգһ飡
ɽˬһЦãһֱͬ߳˴

˴֮󣬷Ʋ˿
ֻУеǳѹ֣ңҪǣȥЩίߡ
ôء
뵽Ů洹ĵܣЩյԼͷ
ȻúϤʶǣȴΪûпŮ洹沿޷жϡ
ҲǴڵܣҲ϶Ǻȫ
ϾŮ洹ǵϵĴڣ˭ȥֱ֮ӣ
ҡҡͷûмȥţϤĻһ죬ϣܹٴҵϤеġ

һˣ˷ڵСԺڣ̸һֱĬĬɽߣĿ˽̸Ҳ廰
ƣҲӽָóǸСڹƣɽ
˵ڷ壬çһЩìܣ
̸ۼ䣬Ȼתڽŵľϡ
ȷ
ƽеľ̳һţһأ˵ͷңֻǲúͻῪսˣ
壬ɶرçһ壬֮ۺ񣬼١ɽ̾һһĨǡ
çһ壬ҲΪϵ֮һԶʱڣçһʼ˱ç壬ƾõĺܶ嶼Ƕ˱ᡣ
Ҳ⣬ֻҪܹ򵽱çˣǶǵǿߣң
çһǸϣһֱֻҪӮǲܵ顣
뵽֮ӡС򣬷ƺͬĵ˵ͷ
ȻСŴǿçһ壬϶ҲһЩ̡һΣ˫Щ̣϶ᶯõ
뵽вɵһ
ǻᶯõЩ̣ôԼ϶ΪɱĶ֮һ
ԣԺߣСĽУ
л档
ǴһĨǳǳЦ⣬˹֣ϣû̫ĵǡ
Ȼçһڱռ˺ܴƣǣȴһι̵ıݡʥѧ
ֻҪŮʯڣͲᱻ
ǣǴڲ߽⣡
뵽ѾʥѧĶҲǺܵġ
ţܽףڣţô壬çһһǳصĴ
ô˵ͼˣѣӦҲǰɣɽˬһЦ̽Եʵ
Ȼ
ûйԥƱնĻӦ
ʵɽڲ֮ϵʱѾ⡣
ҲˣӵһۺѣǱȻģȻǰʮ壬Σգ
ǿ˷ƵǱͬҲǿʵ
Ϊܹڰ嵱ĵ壬ʵֻ֪ȴһȱݣǾֱϵ˿̫٣ȻǽǰҲпܣ
壬ȻصȱݣǣȴǸ˿ڴ壬çһ˿Ҳһ룡
һôǻֲ˶Էȱݣʵô϶һֵķ籩
ͬʱҲǵʱڴЩ嵣ǵ飬ˣ˵嶼ԸģֻǣȴҲû˭ֹܹˡ
ڴʱɽ඼˶Է˼ʱӴЦ̳һٿ
ȻѣôʲôҪֻҪܼģΪ
̳һţɽһֿĶԷ˵
˭֪壬çһ֮ѾսڼǴƣȻʥѧǣҲصĴ
лʢ顣
Ƹмĳ˹֡
˵п϶ɽĹͣȻҲ֮ĴӦˡ


1875 ż
Լ̸ЦķƣһԵھǺ档
ͱϿƲûʲô֮ǣôһƽˣ¼ȴǼƽţЩ̫ʵ
ͬҲЩɻų嵱УܳǿǱ
ֹţǷΪ֮壬û˻ʵ
ѾΪ˱ȻֻǣڳɳУ޷ĻᾭһЩĥѡڣΪĽ׶Ρ
ʱཻһǵѡ񡣲Ȼɽ֮壬ҲܻӦˡ

С¶ѡ
ɽˬһЦվ²˳٣ھͶˣçһɽ𻢣ǲ
Եȣȴǽס
ô
ɽһЩȻĿ
ǶˣĪĺôףΪηƻҪֹԼ
֪ΪãǣڹЩסƿЦҡҡͷ
ĸ࣬ȣһЩǶͷϵ黢ȻӵһѵıݣǣȴûУ
û취ʱ˭Ҳܱ֤Щ˵嶯֡
ԭˡ
ƵĽ֮ɽǻȻͬʱҲףҲΪԼİΣ롣һʱڣڷƵĺøҲǴ󻡶ȵ
Ҳ̫ൣģԤ½ػһȻӲԣҪ֣ҲֻڰнУ޷ģĵ֣
ΪĺĳԱһЩأҲ֪һЩԣҲǺԼ忪
޾µУػһ𣬰ֻͱʵūˣ
Ŷ
һԥã˵˹ϵҾûڰбȽϺãһԳ䲻⣡
ҪģɲǽçһסҪնݳԾ󻼣
潫˹ϵȥˣçһ嶼֣ѡأĻͻܴѶȡ
Ҳá
Ƶ뷨֮ɽҲͬĵ˵ͷ˵ʲôҪľܿڣҶ㾡ȫ

ƴЦһ˵Ȼô˵ˣԺʲôҪҿɲ
˶ӣǴЦദҲΪǢˡ
һ죬ɽ࣬ͬʱҲȵʮ̳ƣȵͷԻģǸ˯ȥ
ڶһ磬ɽ߳Ժ֮󣬷ƱѦķڣͬʱҲ뷨֪Ѧ
Ըˣ
ѦԲ۾Щŵʵ
˵Ѿȡçһ壬ٵλǣ˭֪ʵԣ廹ڰ⣬Ĳ࣬ڶʱ޷ֲġ
ȻڴڼɽദǢǣѦȴҲȴû뵽徹Ȼǰˣ
ǸľϲĵϢǹȥڰ½ķˣ
š
صĵ˵ͷֽԼɽĽ̸Ե˵
ȷӦܷա
Ѧͬĵ˵ͷԷƴĿ࿴
ڣܵĽУԣҲûţĸ޸˶ûи֪
飬Խ֪Խãһ©ЩŬȫ׷ѡ
ΪʱȣƲûѦﶺã֮Ƕһ߽˰ڡ
ڰ˴һλĻĴ£һʯǰ
ʯΧʯȫϣƽûз϶ʯϣһصİۡ
۲ƱóСʯڣǶȥ˳ʱһŤ
ꡭ
һʯһл¶һͨ
Сպ֮󣬷Ʊ˽ȥûãʯűȻ£պϡ
ͨڣʯϣǶһööҹ飬ͨȾһƬͨû߶ãһΪĵطǳڷǰ
ʮܣУϣ෺Ƶ鼮ҲһЩ˸ӨԵּǡ
ɫ㣬һɲɣϢһ;úΪ
ʱڣҲߣǶһĹżڷţͶ룬ƽڶû̧ͷ

ƺ˿ţǳߵĵһȥ֣һżĶ


1876 һŮ
ʯ֮ڣ඼һЩʱǿµּǣԼصĺƬ棬ںܶ飬ֻһЩɶѡ
˼֮󣬷ƶǴŵĿ˿ݣֲԼҪ֪ģ·¡
ڷƽһȽϺĹżŻԭʱȴǷֲ棬һƵľ¶˳һǡ
΢ԥǽȡ˳
ῴѾϾˣңЩƣһֱżļзУԣеЩΡ
ȻûбжϣǣƻСĴᡭ
аɳԾ£²ĪҲ
һаȻĴֱ֣õķ˿ȥ¡
а𣬷֪ĲǺܶ࣬Ҳֻڷϵǲŵ֪һЩ
а֮أ⼸֪顣ͬʱаͷ֮һЩԹ°½ṳ̂һ֮ĸпź
ؼǿߣһر䣬ּ䣬Ƹ̤꣬شΨҶ
ǣ治ͷ
ȻЩ飬ֻƬ棬а𾿾һʲôˣȴû֪
ڡɡ֪֯Ϊɡ֯δңʢ۷֮ʱȴͻȻʧ˵ǰ
ϣˣҲΪСɡ֯Ĵڡ
ƣҲġ
ڤ촦λɡ֯ҲǾǿ󣬶Ժһ壬ҲһλӵԶѪľǿߣ
аŮӳ֣췣ҲһӲĶ֡
ţаʱ屻һ˶ħ֣飬طһɾ֮λΪؼΨһһλŮ𡭡
Ů𣿣
ȻЩŵĿзƵּǡ
˵λһʱں;ͷаа𣬾ȻһλŮӣ
õķƺһӲǻع
ĵһ屻𣬾ʣһŮ⣬־Ǻεȵ˾
˵ŮӣеģҲᱼ
ңа˽⣬Ҳģпܾͷ֮һȣ
أǷƣҲͬоľ
ȥ𣿣
Ϊͷٹ̣һɽСǵֱĸ߷壬޷Խ
ǣаȻһλŮӣȴǿĴ飬Դһ֮λԾ£аȣ
Ǻεȵĳ棿
룬ƶһѪڷڣҪкá
Žлľʣ
գɳĴλoǧۣΧа𡭡
һ仰õķƸȲĿȥ
а𣬴Ƽ䣬ɹƣͦ㣬ͤͤһţƮ죬ָ䣬oһһѣǧɢ
ֽϵϣƺ˵аȣǿΧĳǵѵľ
oǺεȵĴڣаǰȻϰС룬ǾǿһʲôزĴڡ
Ĵʾˣÿһλǿնǧǿߣʢһ֣ͬɷƲ񷣬Ҫѹа𡭡
֪ܳǺεȵǿoеİһ֣ضɴ飬ǵȹ֮£𣬿ķּǵ˫ֱ֣ð
жôǿȿ϶ֻ֪ǲ˵Ļôžʧ
ܹͬʱɳĴϰoǧۣԿɼʱȵĵ֮ۺ
ŮĴֻһɹɢؼĴ
˻
̲סһڣһƬ𾪡
ĴΧ֮£һγ֣ȻնɱλɼoеİǰҲһֻȽϴ϶ѣ
뵽֮񣬵ʱΪӽֲֻ࣬Ҳһǰ㡣
֮սаȣսһգѣڶҡоȾؼ䣬ڶҡڲ
գȴϢа̤һ
գգһŮŰ壬Ȼţ貵̻ããʱ䳤ӵС
ÿһλѹһˣΪõĴڣǣаڵʱȴ̵ġ
ɾ֮λȣǸʱһõ̻ת˲ţ
ͷ޷Խĸ߷𣿡
Ƶüͷ


1877 
ʱ׾Թ϶Ϣ֮䣬ĵߡ
εĲԾ£ѹһˣҲʧããµУƺûʲôԳܵסµš
ʲô㣿
ȱǶ˼һ⡣
ؼ飬۷壬Ҳѣɿ㣬
ɣ
Ҳеһ롣
ɣеϣããأ棡
̫࣬Խ࣬ƱԽǶνġɡеɡ
𣬶ˣؼ䣬ĻܹĴڣ
粻Сɡ
ƺȷ㣬Ȼνġɡ̫һ㣿
նûйƽԡСɡΪβƶһ򣿣
Щ˵Щǿʤʹ£ᷢڰ飬ûƺĶ磬ٲԨ
ȱĶ
Ƿھô򵽵ġ
Ҳûȥı磬ǣһʹ忪ʼɡ
ƾãԼѾȫһµֻҪϰӦµҲǼ׵顣
ڣƵһҪ¾ǣЩӵʵ޷˴һ䣬޷Ϊ
ڵʵѾǿǣȴҲ޷㵽
뵽ƲɵЩգ΢˼֮ʱȥѯʹZǷܹ뵽һѵİ취
Ҳĵʵʩ֮ǰܵܶȨƽײ˵ķԣǣҪ֮ʵʩȥ
棡
ǿ߲ȥӻߣҪߵͷϣʲô𣿣
һ˵жξж
һ伸ĹŻڣȴǾã⻰е˶ô룬ô佫һƽʢ

ȵǿ󣬴аѾˡ
ƵȻакܴĳ룬ǣһȷѾվŵĶˡ
ֻҪлʸ˫һ죬;ã֮Ĺϵͻսӡ

̾һžľ·Żԭ
дǿߣȻҼаһǿߵĴսǣаȥȴҲֻһЩ²ѡ
ȥ򣿡
ҡҡͷֲ²ܻ
ôҲñͷռˡֻ˶ϣλȥƾͷŮһõ³ѡ
ȥأΪǸʱŶԡ
뵽аǶ̶ǧʱ䣬ƲΪƿطп϶ǷһЩʲô飬Ż伣
ڻ᲻ȣΪֿԺС
ΪɱһλĻڵʱа϶߲ȣ
аöν飬Ӧþǡ飡
а飬Ȼ֮ɾõķвɵһ
δ֪Ļô鵱̲صܣǾЩˡ
龿ʲôͷ
ţƱǼóһżĶ
ܿϧǣһϵּǣż֮󣬶ûҵļء
ֻЩż֮ϣƵ֪һЩĴš
ӳ٣
ָһģϹϵô鵱Уп̲ܣ
⣬һЩżҲԸֳֵǿ߽һϵе壬ĳƣǼصΪ
ЩƲ΢ķ˷ûȥϸ
֮µһˣ֮񡭡
һǺܺĹżһֱ÷˿ȥ
֮񣬳壬ʱƽɫڰ䣬ȴԾţŹʡ
Уע⵽ˣƺ֮ĳɳУһͷС޸档
õ뵽С
Ȼ֮֮ʱ͸ˣ
СͷϲСޣƶҲǳ˺棬ֻⱾżϣȴûйСļأƺ֮֮ʱǵõ
õķȻ
Ȼż˵֮֮ʱƽôСôһͷǱ޵Сޣ֮񾿾ôõģ
ңƺС츳֮Լ˶ѡ
ܹĵʱĳûģ֮ҲƾС츳ŵƿܣӶܹŹʣ


1878 Դ
֮񣬱ȷеĻҪǿôһ㡣
żϼأ֮֮к󣬰ежʮλ֮࣬һǵնɱһݶߣ
ս첻飡
Ȼڵķƻ˽һʲôľ磬ǣȻ֮Ǿһ㣬Ѿһ֮ĶˡԷſЩżڵļ˵֮䣬ǺѷֳʤģرǽԷնɱ
ܹɱԷ˵һѾӵ˾Գɱһʵ
ԣڵʱֱ֮֮Ϊ֮µһˣ
꣬µ˶Ϊǰ½ܹɾôض֮
ϧǣ֮Ķ֮ʱȴ䣬oۣһͬ伣֪١
һУһţo۾ûֻ֪񻰴˵УЩϵǿߣѾ
ԣ֮緶ΧѰֻͨͨǣȴûκν
б䣬½Իţo۾ۼһͬĩս٣գֻһƬƵأһͬʧ١꣬ԶʢĻӴ޴ۡ
̶̵һ仰УȴϢõķһƬȡ
ȻԶʢ϶ʲô飬Ȼo۲ȫһ𡣶ңҪo֣ǿ϶Ƿ˲˵顣
ֻʱܹܵٵֻo۶ѣǴֻֻƬûϸƺǺº֮˴ĳЩӶ֣֮
ͬڻĹʢʱoҲһĽ֣Ҳһʢߵͷ
һж˵ؼƺʲô谭ټ¡
ؼ仹ʲôǿ󣿣
üͷ壬˼ȴ벻ʲô

ôܻϾһʢأң֮޷ټ£ƺҲܹ飡

ȻܿӵǸǣֿƺҲǲ󣬲ȻΪλ°أ
ôʲô谭˵أ
һգԶⲻţΪܹܵĩսٵoǣѾȫʧˡ
ǷеⱾżϣҲûжǴκƽٵϸֻǼ仰Уܹĵʱĳ
ҲԼټ£Ҳôһĵ
Ƿǵġ
ⱾżŻԭλ΢΢˿
ⱾżпĳǿµģȻ֮ľôżϣȻ˽֮񣬵ǣȴûеõҪ֪ġ
õɻ󣬸ղŷĹżƺˣǿһľĶͳģ壬ƺҲڸ˵ļŶѡ
ѵĶڸ˼ŵּǣ
ɨΧܣüͷɵ
ĻôǽеĹż飬ҲܵõԼҪ֪顣
ô
ͻأģһº͵ڶֱõķƺëը
˽ӽԼߣԼȻûвɼΪ֮¡
תһ֮󣬷ƲǷ˾衣

Ķǰ˳ƺ
Ǻǡ
Լкİ˰֣˴ǳǳЦ⿴ŷƣ˵Ĺżּǣ󲿷ֶԶʢĹʢʱڵǿģÿһżּǣ޼۵Ŀ
㣬ƵǺͬԵ˵ͷ
ȻֻǸ˵ļ⣬ǣЩżּϣȴ൱ڽʢ˳
һλλ׿ԽǿߣһضʱĳȷѪڡ
ͬʱЩ֮ˣ٣Ҳиףʱս֮ʱ֪ԷȱݣʤĻͻ
Щż꣬лŵĻңĻҵģ˵ֱڷԺ
ϸԺаġ
΢ЦķƵļ򣬾ʲôҲûзһֱ߳ʯҡ
õԭŶ͵ߣڶһĨɻ
ѵֻΪ˵˵һ仰
ֿԾͺܵ͡
˼Ƴһ۷֮ǵͷĶеĹż
Եģܵ˰ԴΪĵ顣
Լûйִ
ԣǶأеĹżҲûа취ȥ
ƣװʲôҲûзһһóһżĶ


1879 
ΪаѣҲûж￴ȥ
˵ĻȻ࣬ǣȴ֪϶ҲҪһЩ𰸡
ԣһ·ۻһżּó΢ɨ˼ۣǷ˻ȥ˷һʱ֮󣬷վסˣɨһϸĶйż֮еһּǷŻԭȻ󣬴ǵĳȥ
ʯű֮󣬹Ȼűߣһ׵Ļһһվ͸¶һɱ˵Ϣ
ʥ۷徳磿
ɨһۣƵһĨ𾪡
⻤ǴǸΪҲԶһʥ۷ǿߣΪȷЩݳˣ
ͬʱҲĳػһʵͬѰ
λֵܣ·ǴЦ⣬ǿĶ˵
糤ϣ̧ͷ˿ʵЩӲƺѾܾûп˵ˡ
·ơ

ᣬҲû׽˼³֮󣬱תֱͨȥ
ػһ廹һֻԼǿӣʵ̬ϣһЩ
һֻʥ۷ǿɵѪ
ֻ붼˾
ûд۵ϣֻǿľӣԴݻһУ
ػһߵǷܹΪĵͷ
Щɻ󣬸Ƕػһ˺档
ԶʱŴΪѪɵ壬δؾͲܱȣ壬ϾǿǺλ紴һѪǵǿӹɡ
ֻ֮以඼ûзĳͻԣǿԷֱĳ
ڷ˼䣬ȴѾͨľͷ
ǰû˹һƬڣī֭һ㣬浱еĺڶһΪ֮ɵĴη
֮ûаͣƽȵĲ߽˺ڰС
΢ԥ֮󣬷ҲĽŲ߽˺ڰС
ڰУ£һʧظд˱ƮƮģһƬëһôţǹʮ֮󣬷ƸоǰĻͣ˽ŲԣҲͣ
ͻأģǻϱһǿ⣬ţǰһƬٴ۾֮һɽˮǳڷǰ
µĿϢ⴦ڵҲǳƽɽˮһĵʸУȪɹ̫һ
Χ߶ŵҲ֣ƤֲŮСڣֵĶ׺֮ͣ䣬ƲûиܵǿʤϢ
ԣ
Ƿƶǵĵһо
ƺÿһʶҺϤкЩ⣬ǵ۾÷Ĳǵһοˮһ
ңЩɽҰçһŮϣȴÿһһǵĲΪǲ͡
һɨۼ䣬ƱǷһĲʵ
һ꣬ŮŮΪһ㣬ֻҪǳˣѾﵽ˴ʥ磬ʥ۷ˣҲǲ٣һ֮ڣٿʮ
Ҳ˵ڰ½ЩŮΪʥ׶ŬʱػһˣȴѾɹһ췣ˣ
ңˣǴﵽʥ۷徳磬ƺλҲǺܸߣϾ̫ձˡ
ֱõķĿɿڴǷӦ
ͺһһ˺ദԴ硣
ˣڼƴ֮ҲͶĿ⡭
ǿǻʱ򣬶¶ηɫһЩСӣڸ¶ϣƺ׵Ļеĵλĸߡ
ǼĿ⿴Լʱ򣬶¶ƵЦݣ΢ЦųƵͷʾ⡣
ЩˣƺûзԴκˣһУһů
ѵػһ𣿡
зڣӿżĹâ
ⲻ𣿣
統̫⣬˼ֲ٣˶׷棬伫˯Ҫ־裬һ̵ķɡ
һ˫˫峺ӣƾĵһᣬƺһ˲䣬еѹԶԶ׿
ǣҲ¶ЦݣӦǡ
һ·ûͣĻྪȵĿ£һľɽȵС


1880 ԯ
ɽľΧдУĴгУ΢һ󻨲ݵķ㣬˵Ҳűĸƽ
ԶףһУԵĺΨ
⴦ɽȵУһСϪджˮˣ鶯СϪԱߣһ۵Сľ޽һλˣϪԣֳһͣڴ
ûгڼλ֮΢΢ĵ˵ͷǶȥ
վԭͣǳĳȥһ·ϣߵĺᣬƺ¾һ˲ʮ״ͣ˽ŲվԭĬĬĵȺ
һֱ۾ƺѾ˯ϣûаϢĲһʯз·ļͷͷƬ̣Żȥ
ģ͵´ˣ˳һᣬһƴǱˮ档
СӣпڸˣѰǵġ
ŽɫƬץУ˲ͷվڵķЦݵ˵

ƹĳƺš
һУдĴǿԣҪһӶǵ档
Ǻǣô⣬棬Ҿԯүүɡ˳һЦЦе˵
⡭
΢ԥǴӦԯүү
ȻǵһνУȴֿڣǾ÷ǳУ磬ǰԼһ
úá
ǵĳƺҲüЦкãߣ˵
Ƶ˵ͷȻûаĸ󣬽뵽СľݵС
ڣɫ㣬һľ㣬ƢڵİҲܼªûʲôݳ޵Ĳãδ齣ľƷһš
Ϊػһ峤ǹɽҰԷһɽԣˮ档
ľɲһܹġƺǰλ˵Ȩƣ壬
뵽֮˱æˣһľƬȻп޳࣬ǷһڣһЩϣȻڿ
еĲ裬˶һͨһĽУڿ֮һЦݵ˹
ҪʱܳԵɿڵˡ
ʾһͬ£ɽˮһһ٣Ǻá
ѹԯүүô߶иж
Ǻǣ̫ݵҲþǺ°΢΢һЦ
ȣ൱˼ɾԴ棬˭Ըȥأ
ȻһЩҰļ븴⡣
ϣ˲û̸ȥ
Ͼµľ棬Ҳбף٣˶һϣҪΪǿߣԸʶ䡣
̸Уʱܿ͹ȥˣƿ߸ǣһζľݡ
۾̰˼ڣϵ޵㣡
ζǹʳҪõĳ嶯

ģ˴֣һĨͣɲ棬ϸϸƷ
С̡ܽ
ɫڨڨһЦ˲ǣ˽ϵʱ̲ס˿ӣһ飬ȻѸٵС
壬ڼ˿˿ζ㣬ͬʱһȪů˳£ȫ̥ǵĸоÿһë׶ſҲΪ֮һᡣ
εεůӻÿһϸɢһȼһõķƵҲ¶һĨʵɫ
һܵķƣ۽ǵЦŨˣҲ˿ӣóһ¶á
ȻǺ⣡
ãƲǻعֱޡ
оڳ֮ռɱЩӵԶѪĻޣҲȲһ⣬ڵĳ̶ȣ
Щ벻ףѵȻܹԶŻ޲ɣ
ͬʱҲ˵ϸϸƷζ⣬һȥһ˵ʻԳܵ
ζȻҪƷҲûдɷ羰ȥԼҪ֪Щʡ
֪ȻԼȻԼ
ֱɽһһٲľ֮⣬ϵǳ
壬񰡡˸п˻
ԯүү˵𣿡ɫһʵ
˵Ϊ֮һŮ洹ֻôһ壬̫ˣЩ޷š
λִ壬ǶǳѰǿػһ嵱еӵԶѪˣǵʱִġ


1881 عؼ
壬Ϊ֮һŮ洹ִ壬ƺȴûʲôƣ˳λ½֪֮⣬ձƫӶ£û֮ʱڰ嵱ǰһٶȥ
ų壬˭Ϊпޡ
㲻ţ
üͷһĿŷơ
ҡ
ԭҪӦŵķƣ뵽ʥѧеŮʯ֮󣬱ǸĿڣֻǲȷѡ

˻عͷȥ̾һ¶ɣԶʱǶκڰУΪ粻ڰɣع磬ԣŴ˰壬ȻڴʱŮ洹ȴǲ֪٣ں壬ڰ֮Ů洹ٴγ֣ޱഴһ壬ڵġ壡
ԣҲΪϵ֮һֻȴûжΪԶʢٵʱ򣬸Ǽūۣһֱ֮»ص˵֮ڣȻþڣ֮ʧ壬䡭
˶٣ּ˵ŮʯıӻҲѾûˡ
˵εεĽ𣬷ƶ˽⣬Ҳˡ
ô˵䣬йĴڡ
ͷˣʵԯүү˰֮ȥ
˭ҲȷôϢ䣬̫ĲɣȴûһȷĴ𰸡
Ҳûȥ
ҡҡͷһ˵񣬾ߣ
ߣ
һЩȻĿţȴ֪ô˵
ѭ
˵Щ飬ֱˣ壿
壿
΢һ֮󣬷Ʋɵһ˲Ǿ仰˼
ʵÿһʣؼһ޶ģ壬޾µѭ˻Ի͹Ҳ˱ɱڳɳҡС
෴ģǷҲһأ
ǣôпܣߵÿһ˶пܻһλ
ڹ˽̫ˣΪػһ峤ԴҲ˽١ǿ󣬷ܹģӹܹѹܹĳ
ǵʱػһ˼˭Ǹȥֱӣԣòζû֪˵ˡ
ԯүүԶʱԺûдϢ˼֮󣬷ٴκʵ
⵽ûС
ҲǷԳһĨãȻֿ϶˵ֻҿԿ϶ǣ񣬾Բȥʲô֮أ
⡭
ЩĿɿڴĿΪܹ˵Ŀ϶
ʵںʧʱһ仰
΢ԥƺ˼ǻ˵Ƚعؼ䣡
عأ
һƬãȻ
Ҳһòľһֻ˭Ҳ˵塭
ں뿪֮µǾ仰˭Ҳûа취Ե⡣˲壬һؼѭǣ޾µУȴûйһе
ԣϣûа취ȷ
Կ϶ǣ񣬾Ǵؼĳĳ̬š
ԯүү࣬Ǵģ
˼֮󣬷ƱٴʳԼҪ֪һ顣
ǻˮ£ǷϣҪǾͱҪУȻͨ죬Ҳûа취¸

üͷƳһ۷ƣ˵࣬ʵϵΪصһλ񡭡ٵص̹Ź񣡡
˶٣ּ˵Ů洹ƺһֱ׷Ѱλ̹ŹټǣȴһֱûѶȻŮ洹ٴγ֣ȴóһҲ࣬壬ԣв²⣬п̹Ź֮
ֻΪʵ̫ųֲ²ƺҲȻ̹Ź壬𣿡
Ȼ˿˵֪Ž£ǣص飬Ҳһ֪⣬ңҲǲ롣
Ͼ˼˭ܹأ
ſڣҪ˵ʲôȴǷû˵
ȷ˵ôĴ񣬾Ů洹һ˵ҲӦôųŶԡ
еԭ˭Ҳ˵
Ů洹񾿾õ࣬ȴû֪˿Цҡҡͷ
汻Ƶסˡ
ԯүүҲ֪𡭡
ƵɫֱӾȥ


1882 
ԯүүԶʱڣ֮ǻ࣬Ůʯ𣿡뵽ڵ̣ڴʵ
֮ȷǻù
˵˵ͷ˵ǿŮ洹֮ģֻǽұ֮˶ѡ
ԭ
ƵдįЩ޾ɡ
ҪࣿˣһĨɻʵ

Ʋɵ̾һ뵽˻ˮԸΪԼŮӣľһʹ˶٣ѹеޱȼᶨ˵Ϊ

ҲɵһĿ
ɲһ򵥵飬ڹżϣҲ٣ɹİһ˫־ܹĹ
ԣҪࡣһ˵š
Ŷ
һĨ˼Ȼ˵ʵҲһҪࡣ
ţɻĿ
࣬Ů洴õԣ˵ϣ̺ĳʡ
˵ţֻûҪĻȻһҪࡣ
Ŷ
˵һƵһĨ⡣
ʾʲôĿǰΪֹûܹȷΪ岢ʣҲûʲôر츳ˡǱܡ
ȻйܶǱܱӣǣȴΪƣңҪزܼƾ豬ˣһҲҲʱĸо
ԣǱܣҲΪߡ
ɷϵǣǱܵȷһܹƿУؼỹܹ֮⣿
ԯүүôܹһѹеļ̲ס׷ʵ
⡭
΢ԥеĿ⣬˵ʵνһܹԣһõĲϡ
һƬã
û
˵˵ͷڻ統еأ꣬ȻҲû⡣
ԯүүлƼе׷ʵɵıЩ
ؼһƬء
˵Щ翣һã֮ǻ˵֮أ
֮أһЩĿɿڴš
š
ĵ˵ͷ֮أؼһأڻ統Уǡ
˵ĽͣƵ۾ԽԽ޲ֱӷɵ֮ڣأˮϸ
ֻǿһۣ˾֪ʲôĸܣ˵Ҳܹ⡣
֮ؿɲ򵥣ؼˣܹ뵽ڵģǸԵܹڻòĺô
ɫɫıЩׯ࣬ˣֻܹһΣңҪȡûҲǧѡ
ѣ
⻰ƴӼת˹ЩĿˡ
֮صУһһľÿһأԼǡ
˲֪Ѿ֮أԲǽ͵ԣǵòͬ죬Ҳȡκζ
ͬ
Ƶüͷɵһ
˵ģǺͬģ˵ڵĲľԼ㣬ᡣ
֮֮ڣһַǳֵĸоͺǧ˫۾Լ
    ңνũɲݣƣҲ֮ڵһͨĲľѣֻǵʱ֮õũɲݵͬŽ֮ȡؼһҩ䡭ũҩ䡣
ɼ֮ڣһһľһأǶǾκһд;
һֻ֮ܽһΣ㣬õķгǡ
ؼ̫ˣԶʱڵЩһǵȴҲûа취ڶνڡ
Լƾʲôܹٴνأ
ңǽڣܷȡһһľƺҲԼܹƵ˵ġ
š
ǳǳĵ˵ͷ˸°ϵİ룬ԣһжҪԵԵˣȻܵãԵǿ
ĬĬţ˳ĬУãǴ񣬼ʵԯүүǷõ˻ܹ
磬һ͵ڴһ磬Ȼûдһôţǣɷϵǣûǲġ
Щص˵
⻰˵䣬ûǸǵõҲȻ


1883 һнп
򣿣
ƵĶʱ˰ء
˵ԴӻĹʢԺҲܹͻﵽµĵ۾˵o֮λˡ
ѵΪǺ׵𣿡üͷһʵ

ҡҡͷ̾һ
ȷǺ׵飬ôҲȼɹ֮ˡ
֮أ
뵽ĿǰҪ飬ƾãҪص½֮ǰȥ֮һԡ
ǲеĻ
뵽㣬вɵһ
Ĳ֪ǺˣϾǿûа취ȥɵأ
ҲֻĹ񣬲ܹɳɣ
޳ÿһߵͷ죬ǲûȥɣ֮䣬ֻǣ̬ͬ˶ѡ
ƺҲƺڰοƣĳͳ˵綼ûˣǲʧˣеһУ¹ںڰ
⻰һ̧ͷ㵵Ŀһׯˡ
˲ֻǿԶڣ¶һĨɣǡ
ڳĬУҲ˵˼
군ˣôеһж᲻ڣԼҪػˣҲȥ
һĻᵽһᾡȫȥֹһеķ
ǿ£µԼԡ
⻰ɫǻڻƵҲ¶ޡ
֪ԼûҴˡ
ĻԻֻһͨһЩԪصĻǾܹ츳
ãָһϸڡ
һУƲŶһ֪ǰͷ
ȻҪˮȻֻһͨʣ˵Ҫ֮ӵʲôʣôҪ֮ʱһЩԪأҪһӵ׼ԣôͱ֮Ԫڡ
ԪǾ͸ӲǼ򵥵ˡ
侧ؼŨĵطǻҲ׻ȡģʥǱ˽ʥ磬Ѫſܻ۳һöʥ
Ԫڽo磬Լ֮ڣŻľ
һ˵ԪҲʥһʲôԣôľҲͻͬ
ôǾͲˣƵʣں˾ּ֮ҪֶУң츳Ҳڡ
Ȼ뿼ǵǣҪܹܵס
ܣЩʵԣҲ޷ڻԭϵ֮ˡ
Щؼһ޶ģͨ쳹֮ܣҲ޷ı䡣
ԯүүûнo磬ȴܷܹأ뵽ϴα򣬷Ʋʵ

΢΢ü⣬˼ãҡҡͷЩ̫ȷ˵ûôԭ϶ùһˣӦûһĳɹʵġ
Ҫһô׵飿˵ģû˵ǾͲһܹȡĵġ
Ϊֻܹ֮صˣһļܹȡԣҪԣҲҪлС
Ŷ
ӦһȴԼļƽϡ
ֻҪһ˿ᣬͻȥԣһֱɹΪֹ
֮ǰԼУȻһжǿ̸
ȻȻȻģ˱ǽ̸ͷ桭
ǵȷѹһʱΰڡ˵ҲЩ겻ѡ
ÿһ𣬶Ǿžһʼվߴа֣ӵгԣӶһɳӡ
֮һ·˿ƥУȻԾ¡
飬ܹشͬĵزò˵һ漣˸пš
ԯүү½Ĳܴﵽ𾳽𣿡ʳԼҪ֪⡣
ܶ飬ûӵоѹе˵ʵǸûȥ쵽ġĽľסǰô
ûô˵ϴŵ΢Цƽ˵š
ѵ½ͻƹ𣿣һѿʵ
⵽ûС
ƺû˶ţǰС˵ûܹͲܣֻ˵ǰ˵ѡҪסֻҪͻԼʵļޣһнпܣ
һнпܡ
ƶǶĵ˵ͷڣӿֳȵɫ


1884 ͷ֮
ܵ˵ĹƶԼҲģţԼѭ֮κβ飡
ԯүүͷȾʲôΪεаǰΰĴҲԱ񣿡
ʳԼĵ׵ɻ
ͷ̫ˣԶ˶޷㣬һЩͷͷǺֻ֪ƺ绹ûʱͷʹˡ
ңԶԶʱڣڣͷϵĵλһֱɺҲ޷ҡ

⻰˵ü΢΢һ̾һд˲ɣƺ˲顣
ѵ
Ҳ뵽һֿԣ΢΢ſЩĿɿڴ
䣬ܹģǾֻйҲ˵ͷ֮ڣпŹԲܱ֤òʢķչ
ؼĹҲλѣŮ洹ֻ壬ԣԶʢĩڣŬ£ӵһ޶Ůʯ
ô񣬾ͻʣ󣬺
ͷ֮йĴڣôпܣͷӦþԶʱڰǶʱʣӵѪˡ
ô飬ػһ˵ȷЩݡ
µû
ƺʲôٴ̾ϢһǽһЩء
ԭڶɹԶΪڰǶʱ֮ǳһЩ磬ֵĲɢԣڵȣ塣
ڵػһ壬ǵʱһЩΪػ壬ػԸĬĬŵڰڵһԶѪ֮ɣԣʵ϶ԣػһȣ壬ûж
ڹҪƿأҲһ򵥵飡
ŮʯһҲǹһݣܵҵĹŻ
аȵǴΣȵĹǸȥһλأ
агԿǵǴˣȡѪҺԣŻʲô塭
Щ˵ţȴǴһĨЦ
˵ˣ̰ͼȻο
ԭŻȻ
һж˽ͣҲĲ²ⲻһͷʲô򣬶ӵؼΪѪһˡ
ǵǿ󣬷ǼʶˣֻҪӵдԶѪ֮ˣϿ˵Ͳѷһ֮١
룬ɵ壬壬ǺεȵĿֲ
Ҳѹ֣ڵЩԶѪܹ֮ڰʱڵЩħ
飬Ҳ˵ˡ
ɫƳ˷һۣȵ飬ͷİɣǲԤ½ġ
лԯүү
ôһ˵ƴϲæл
ŵģڿʱˣϾĳ̶ֳ˵ػһȵʵҲͬһ֮䣬ػһƫĳһߣôһ߿϶ơ
һѹ϶Ըģԣô굱Уǳһֹƽ⡣
˵Ҳ㰡ǣ̰ͼƣڵǣѾǶڰʱ˰ɡ
Խ˵ԽСǹһĨŨŨĿЦ
Щˣϲһȵĸоԣǲƽڵͷ
ڰʱڡ
Ҳֻ˵һЩ񻰴˵ԴˣûоˣҲᵱʱ־ʹࡣ
κ飬ûоͲס
Щ壬һһֻǿԼѹˣɱŰûҪȥˣͬǿ
ڵͷҲˣֻҪǳ񱦣Ǳػᣬ𣬳ǡ
෴ģػһȴһһֱĬĬŵǣΪ˵֪֪ôһǿͷȼĴڡ
ڣἰڰʱڣҲǲûк⡣
Ͼȥô궼ûٴη飬κˣжһֽҵ
ˣԯүү֪ɣ
뵽ͻȻǿʵĴ󣬷̲סٴʵ
صԲ򵥣ôǣȻѡ˱Ǿ;ʯ쾪
ڵ󣬿϶ҪΪһô򵥡
š
ǳǳĵ˵ͷɫҲǺܺÿ
ȻԴȷأҲЩǣ»


1885 
Ȳ˵жٵ̣˵ϵģССĴѾдгУСҲ漰
ôӴһҪһһϦ飿
֮ǴҪֻҪڱһ䣬ǿڶ̶̵ļڰ쵽
˭ܹ뵽Է֮ΪĴתۼȴǱһ˳ȻȻ
˵һУ˵˽ûЩҲͲдĴڣҲ־档
˭֪ڴȻûʲôݣǣ˶ܹܵڱ֮ǰѹ֡
Ĵڻ᲻һвҵҲǹȴû뵽ôͱʵ̾һ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ԭһСңΪŮ𽥵ɢΧĳУҲԽԽ𲽵ķչ𲽵ǿ󣬾£űȻ
ڶԣȻһֱûԶ֮ǣ˭֪ǿ󣬱κһҪǿ
ԣǶӵܣڴҲҺҵҰ
Ͼƿص鱨̫ˣЩɸ˵飬һǽɺܴ鷳
磬˭˵ԼûһЩù飿
ڸǲͬˣϣֵĺŮ봺˵ʵһѹһľǿߣһѹһ˵ǽѹġ
зͻȻ˵˹ȥǴӰ
ԣ㲻ᴺ飬ԷҲжٺøУֻ֮죡
ȻڴӴʱػһҲɳ˵󣬵ǣȴûҵʲô˿
ôһ޾µȻˣҲЩ˼ɡ
һʼͽԼҰ¶Ⲣ£µЩ̵ģ
ҪûʵãʵĻһᷢʲô飬˭ҲԤϲ
ԯүүҲ𡭡ƵüͷҲ
Ǻˣˣԣע봺һЩס
ȻҪ㣬Ǿ֪ǻȻ棬ԣǴڴĺĳԱ֪ĴڡңǴÿһθҲһܶѣ֪Ҳޣԣ޷ĵȥ
˭ϣ˱Լǿԣʼʱ򣬴󼸺ûʲôװֻǵָŮֺøص
ֱЩΣڼϵȷڴңǸʱ򣬴ŷչԼװ
£úǷǵûдѹ˵Ȱ֮£֣֮˽Ĵ
֮ӣ
Ȼܲ򵥣ҲҪ翴жิӣ˵е磬ǾԲܴڵģĴڣǵУҲֻ϶ѣں۵ĶҲ̫⣬񴺷޾£
֪ڵʲôֿȰο
ػһ壬統Ϊϵ壬Ϸʲô飬Ȼһ
Ϊ֪̫࣬˲žкܴѹǱѹԴϢ
š
Ƶ˵ͷΪϿɡ
һˣѵȥѨɣ
ңӵе߸ʵҲûбҪ̵ա
˽˴ɳ֮󣬷ƵǾãƺһֱڵȴЩʲôҲĳһڣˣԣ޷˵ѡ˱
ʲôڴ֮Ǹ⣬û֪
˵ڻĹʢǶʱڣǴչΪ۷ʱڣǣȴûѡ󣬶ңѡ
΢΢̾ϢһǸʱػһȱҲΪ󲻻ʲôҰģԣŷ˾衣
Ƶüͷˡ֣ǿʢʱڶûбǾڵȴʲôأ
ڣҲδؼĴжǿ󣬶ͻأıѵѾ׼ӭ֮ᷢһ
÷ƵǵǣпܣѾȵһַ
£ҲϣͷʹģӦǣ㡭˹ɵ˵
⻹һ֮̶̵İڣѾ˺ܶǧѵһ飬ɸһжԤţһʱ١
˿ÿһʱǻҵĿˣ


1886 б
ԯүүԶʢǷʲô飬o۲ͬʱʧˣѵȥ𣿡
뵽ʧ֮գץסᣬʵ
ǵȷЩ죬ңʧ֮ؼҲһЩ΢ı仯ûܹµ۾ƺʲôסһС
СݣѾȷ֮ƣ֮ҵͷޡ
ľ磬ȻûǰĿ£룬Ҳo硣
ȻڴӷӡСܹõʵҲֻǰ벽۾ѡ
˵ƬصĴĪĶܹȻûܹµٵ۾
Ҫͻڵļ£пܣҲӴЩԣҪЩ˽⣬ԺźӦԡ
⡭
ʻ˵üͷֱӾɫԳأƺ뵽˲Ը뵽顣
ʱ˺ܴ䣬ǣ⾿ʲôµģȴû֪൱ʱӵo۵ȱȥʱҲû¹Ǽµļء
ǣΪػһˣȻһЩԣἰʱžѹܴ
磬ڤڤ֮һ˫۾ڿһУݱѣ
ʧģһʹȥ
ЩӵĿһ۷֮˲ǻ˵ţʵ½㣬ӦѾ֪һЩ߲Ŷԡ
½
ἰʱ򣬷͵һԺֱӱһƬƬƵأų֮µĴ
ԣӦ½ƶܹ֮ӵеĶ棬϶˾޴ܣ
ôҲʧһϵ
ѵʧĵط½
̲סһڣӿֳһĨȵ𺳡
ȻҲ½Ϸĳִսȴû뵽Զʧйء
ңݻĹʢһЩأֻ£ĹʢЩoҲ½Ϲ
ôһۣƶ񤵽˼Ĵ½ȴȾʢ£˵ȥֻҲûжԸš
ѹ֣Ȼֹ½˽½ʱЩȻ
Ҳ涨ʥѧġ
ڻĹʱ½λۣݣڷҲµһЩ
ڻĹʢ岢δۣԣλ۾壡
ϾĹʱȻйһʢǣoۣϸ޷Զʢȣ
ڣΪλд½Ҳȫеԭˡ
ԯүүĹʱ½λۣӦҲػһɣƶʵ
λۣûκζ٣ܿɹһ˿
ȷһλȱ
˵˵ͷȻԶʧԭգǣȥĵطܶ˽ġ
ôһ˵Ҳŵˡ
Զһʧ϶ģ˾ڴЩo⡣
ңҲ½һżϿ
ڻĹʱλʧ󣬱ӿ뵽½ңЩȴĪĶʧˡ
һУʵģ϶Ҳػһģ
ĹʱڵλۣӦҲǺԶʱڵһ½ʧ˰ɣ
ƵڸֳһĨã
½һЩ˵ĹŴƿնȥȥģȴû֪
˵ȻǴ˵ǣȻƿնȥôʱĳ϶ͬһ㣬ȻҲܳΪ񻰴˵
ʲôõo۶Ҫܣҿأ
ֻһ룬ƱǾһٶҲӿ˲١
̫ˣֻҪ֪ĳһ죬ܵвĻ½ȥ
ɣĺ˿Ȼصѵ
лԯүүѡ
һĨ˼˸мĹ˹֡
ǺǣúŬɣţܹܹ֮Ҫ飡
΢΢һЦƺѾ˸һɵ˵š
ţһģ
ƵͷǼᶨ
֮˲ûȥЩصĻ⣬ǻһЩȤ£ǿ£ϵĴһһٵĴЦǺг
һҹ̸ڶƱǸˣǸĴ£뿪ƬԴ硣
ڰҲ٣ŬɣΪԼҪӻĶ
ŷȥıӰ˵ڳڴ
ʱһӰͻأĳ󡭡
£
ɫһ䣬ʵ
峤춯
˵дЩ


1887 Ƶķŭ
ؼΪϵ֮һƺԶʢ֮ǰʹڡ˲ɣͨͨԣ˶Ǳͷ뵽֮ڣֻǣȴû˽ȥܹ߳
֮ǶϷڻĹʢһЩoڣûٳɼڵգһ㡣
ԣ仰ʱɫֱӾ䣬һƣʵʲôʱ£
磬ͻȻҵĴ֮󣬱ħﱻѣӿǧͷңƾһ֮޷ԣʱӡ˽֮Ҿ͸ϻˡ
ϸĻشţг˾š

˵ɫ˼֣ŭö˶˵ô£˭ڴ򶷣㿴Ų˽ȥôǻ˵⣿
¸ʧְ
˹ȥûаҪжε˼
ϸ˵˵ʱ
Ҳûмȥǳһʵ

Ӧһ֮󣬱Щε˵ʱŵͽ뵽֮ڲ鿴ǣ˴򶷵ǿңӦǰ벽۾̶ȣƾʥ۷Ž׵ʵ޷Ҳֹˡңƺһ׷һԣԽͽȥԽҹƣǿܽ뵽˽ģȻԲܾôħ
벽۾磿
˵ɫֱӾһѿ˼֣ЩˮЩʧ̬쵰ǺηǿߣȻҴ£ƻ˽ڵķӡǵ𣿣
ܣΪ΢ԣ޷ֱĸǿߡ
ڵأо
ҲĴ
ƺҲԼĻ̫ˣֻǣ˵üͷȴĸˡ
޾£ķӡѾôβˣΪԷ˽ƻӡԣػһɳĬĬػ֮ڣԷһ
ǣվǷˣλ벽۾ǿߣƻԾˣƻ˽ڵķӡǺɾͲ룡
Уұȥ
䣬˱ǴҴææʧԭأǵӰҲʧ

صһǰ
һֱ׷ѰʧķӡɽȻܹоһ˿˿ǣƺһֱŷӡɽڿٵƶתƵطһֱ׷Ѱ
ȻǰӡɽƺͲƶˣǣȴ΢΢ʱ䣬ǽصȷ֮ڡ
£Ǵ
һںī֭еӰѿѺ۵ķӡɽ֮ϣںڵϪЩѷ뵽ǵӰڣϵϢĸӵȡ

ŭһһ˫ֱӱϾɫǿһۣʱϵķŭֱӾͱ˾벻˼飬ѿڶȻ㣡
ƺҲڷӡɽ֮ϵǵӰ۾׷϶ĻƣǹһĨаȵĻȣûж˵׷ˡ
ΪʲôҪô
ĶȻ˷ŭǣȴɻ벻
ʵģڷӡɽ֮ϵǵӰϤˡˣҲǵʱһ֮ҵo֮һ
ڷӡ֮ɽڷӡĶʲôҲǺŶԣԣƲΪôңĿǰҲ֪ܲˡ
ôˣ
һνʼ磬׷ߵ׷ѵд𣿡
⻰ƵüͷɵĬֻͬʱϵƣҲʼΧĿռ䱻ķһɲ
һУƺûзϣһܵץһī֭ǿĸоԸܵĵĺǿǿ޷ĵز
֣ѵ㲻볤𣿣
ջ󣬡ɣΪһ壬ǽӵǿ󣬻ΪؼϵĴڣ
Ѿˣ
Ŀһһĳƽ
¸¡
ĥ̶ļЦӷĿдǲվڷӡɽ֮ϣһħ䳰ƣѵΪڵңǵǸ𣿣
˻ǹգҾʹ㣡
һżһ֣˰εضһͷӥ򷮳˫ӥצֱץʺ


1888 ɫ
䣡䣡䡭
ԭž֮ڣͻأģһըıը涼Щ𶯣ǱͨڵڶħȻҲ˹
һӳӼڣӼ̽һſųªͷ­ʱͨڶһŻϢ
һֱվڷӡɽ֮ϣѷɲϵӿڣʱһī֭ڵˮˮһ
ڴ򶷵УƲûռˣ෴ģı£ڽںˡ
Ϊ˵Ĵ򶷣Χһ쭷磬һЩħֱӾͱ飬ڵҺ壬ͨڣϣðŰ̡
ͬʱҲıȽԶħҴǸܵвǴæĳųڴӿȥ
¸¡ƣ͹ԹԵĳΪҵʳɣ
ĹֽУҲԽԽңΧһīıƽƣС롣

ŭһɫЩ
ȷǰһҪѷԼһǣͷħħ֮ڵķѾˣӵħܵƣѾȫռϷ磬ôȥҲǳ顣
ͷ֮ӡħӴڿʼΪʳɵԽ࣬ԽǿֱԭǺ۵һͷħȻȼ磬ңҲܹ֮ɱ
νĵֿˣӦħܵǿ󡭡
Щֳּͷ촽Щ̰ĶŻƣˣܹΪһɵˣ
ӵа֮壬Ȼ߳һߣ֮ǰҲҪӣ˵ʣǾǼٻ
ֻΪ֮Ĵڣһֱǽĵףڣȴǳ׵ı˳
ǿδأ
ĳһֻһһöӿŻɫǱУӡ
Ļ䣬ӿŻɫǱһŻɫĹâУֳһµ·𽥵ӶȥЩΧѹܵ˵ƣЩ·ı£ڽںˣһ
ôַܻӡô֪еһ˫ڳ˾֣Щܼ
˵̫ǿԺܻ·һֱţڣˣŻɫ񣬻ٴγƽ
̫ƫ̣ʲô¶˵ҵˣͷһֱħŻɫ·ǰУͼĵֿ
ʵеöɫ񣬿϶֮ĵƣΪģǷֹĳӡɽٴѶû˿Էӡ
ûа㵱ˣ
˵ţĿҲӵɭҲ룬㵱ˣʯ
Զʱڣ˼ʯؼɹܹʱţ˴
ƣ̣ǰǵʱ֮ʯǷӡԲܴڡ
ҵˣеô֪飿УûΪһϯı䡣
Ѿɱεǣ
ƼȰ˵ѾЧ΢΢̾Ϣһлɫһ٣ʱǱΪǿҵĻɫ·գһһҪӡɽٴη
ҲҪӡ
Ϊ֮ߵһԱȻӡĺǸΪҵķһɹϫӿΧһɲſͣһ
ʱһڵħ߱Ǵ³ͷϣӳһĵµϢޱȵĿ£˿һ۶Ϊ֮ɵĴ
ͬʱΪħߵĴڣΧħӿĸΪˣҲӵڣڣһЩǺѰ

һѽħУźһһ۶ɵĻɫϿţŷӡɽͷҲصĳȥ
Ӳģ
һŻɫ׷ȥ
һ·ϣǳħ߶Կ˵ĴȻûбͨǣͨڳߵħȴǱѣûбģǳӣԽԽ࡭
ƶĵҲ˽ĲǺܶ࣬ȻҲвĸоȴķ׷𷮳ĻᣬԣҲûͣ£һ׷
һںڵνûҫ۵⣬Ҳû˵Ĳȥͨ
ΧһӼǸߴÿһ߶һСɽСȻȥûǣȴһĸо类ħһ


1889 
ֻ֪Զʱǰʹڣ֪ڴʲôҲˡ
Ȼ֪ڷǳΣգǣȴŹ
ΪߵˣȻӡ֮ɽ·ӡʲô񣬱գôпܳΪڶֻħ
ħĿ£ɵԽ࣬Խǿ㣬Ҳ
ǻǵĵطǷһֱųɳպ˭ܿ
һǰһ󣬻ģȻĺĵش
ܹһ·ϣѵħǶԻչǣȴȥǸ˺ܴ谭
£
ưһɫǲÿ
ԽǽӽĵشħȼԽߣѾﵽʥ۷徳磬ǣȴռƣõʤ
ǣЩħȴȥǻ벻ͨ顣
һ·Ŀ˻ǿ˺ĵشΪһ쭷ϯԵشӴĳӼʱѿѺۣڵҺǶģһͻŻ
ꡭ
ţǵѵ쳹Ӽƿһڿɲͷ­̽˳һ˫˫һƬûκιӣڶһ㣬һҲΪ֮ɵĴ
ǵڵȥЩˮеֻǣȴŴϰٱѣЩǱħ
֨֨
ĺǼз˺ëƺţħ»عء
ǡ
ֺжʱһֲԤУֻĿŷǺĵش
֨֨
ͷħƺҲͨڵ춯ʱǳ߿˹
ã
ɼԼٲϢƵɫֱӾ
ɫ񣬿ɾôһöѾõǲܽӡĻôؼ佫ܽӡ
ˣ
ŭȴ޷ͻħ谭С
ƣһһὫɣ
棬Ľɭɲ
ʱڶĳӼУЩãȻĻܣҲԷЩħķӦЩ⣬ЩħϣǾԼͬϢ
ѵǴӽܳģЩɡ
Щħƺ뱻֮ӡͷЩƵĵط
ɨһȦ֮գĿͣм֮ϡ
ȥƽѾ̦ԭĿǣ۵ĹϣȴǾ쵽һļĲƺһеƣܲ
ʲô
ûнĵش˽⣬ȴǾãвܴҪ֮
ԣһĳŹ˹ȥ
磬ԯҲǻ
ͨһµƽڸǣڣһͷͷħ˻ƣ涼ţͨڴΧѿһϸ΢ĺۼ
õ˵ɫʱһ䣬ֻһץƱǸץ飬ڵħʱͷӿ
ߣ
˳һֻһãһ貵ĳǳУ֮ħȺУֻһƬ貵ĽɨɨҶһЩħһƬƬĵȥһֻ©֮㶼û¡
ɫĳų߽ͨڣһ·ϣħǱһնɱ
еĻɫѾĴƾ㲻ģҲֻкˡ
Ȼ˵ǷܻΪЩħʳΪǺĵشͷħٲȻѾǴﵽ˰벽۵ĳ̶ȣ͵Ĺ£ѾĹĻƣѼ֧
˺;УȻԯ
˫棬Ȼһ
Ǻˣ
˳ʣڵµˣûаøУǼմħڵѪֱܻӶֽ֮ûȥ
ϢϤǡػһˣ
۾΢΢Ӧʶ˵ݣʱ΢΢˿壡
壿
˲ûз¾裬ϸĴǼ˵ʲôʱһλ벽ۣôûеõϢ
ϵĲϤԣȻԻƵݲ˻ɡ
бҪ𣿡
Ʋɵķ˷ۣʱһɼֲĲѾˡ
ûбҪһԼʲô
㾿˭ΪҪڴ˵غ֣
Ȼ֪ΪˣɻǺʵ


1890 
Ṇ̀˵ѵͲȳȥ˵𣿡
ͨڴ˻Щܼ۾ǳ
ػһˣƾݣǰҲֻһ󱲶ѣΪ䣬ûа취ȣ˵Ѿǿػһϣˣ鱾Ƶ£ֻͶˣ
ѵѾ뵽˺ĵش
ͨڴĺʱɫҲǾ䣬Щ¡
ϻ
˻ԽԽЩļһӰֱӹˣŶȥ
˲ûһɫĿһͨڣҲǳŶȥ
ĵشӡʲôܵƻôҲ뵽ڰʱڡ
ֻػһͷʲôڰʱڣ
ͷػһʲôˣ
ԯ˸˳Ժʵ
ػһ峤
ǸһĿ˵
Ŷԭػһ峤
ʱϲһЩɫ
壿
˻Щŵʵ
ϻ
Ʒ˷ۣ˵Сͷ˵ôô壬һ˵£ѵƭɣ

⻰ǻֱӺǳ⣬һ߿ĵֹֻҪԻƶˡ
ƣ
һĨ˼ɫ֮ͻأӿһĨ𺳣ѵǸԶʱӵ֮֮Ƶo
ϣ벻Сͷ˵ҡ
ƺƳһۣΪԵá
֮Ҳõ˲ʯ
һĨ˼
ҪɳضҪڰбӻУȻȥ
㣬ˡ
Ƴ½˵͵㣬ûΪ츳ٸߣҲǾԲнĳɾ͵ġ
ţ˵ɫǻһЩ
﾿ʲô飿
ͨڴĺ£Щصʵ
⡭
ɫһ䣬Щ˸
˵˻ʸĳţϾҲ֮ߵˣȴһͷħǴȥ϶ΪЦ
ԣſڣЩԥ
¹ϵش󣬻ϣǰܹʵ棡һص˵
ôأ
һӣƵɫҲһࡣ
Ҳ˵һЩţֳȻػһ峤ɼԲС¡
˵˵
һ֮󣬻ƲǻĽԭίص˵һ顣
˵ǸǸ֮ߵķ˵ɫʱ͸ѿ˼֡
ѵеڶɣ
ЩûĽӿڣҪˡ
ͼȲˬһٶı˲ɣԶĥˡ
ӡ֮ɽ֮ӡͷħȻħܡ
üͷĸˣĵǡ
ԶʱڳֵͷħɹһoһĶ֣ңԣпܣڱӡħҲһĹϵ
ǻ˵ĶʵģôĴ²ˣ
ֽһƽٵϴ񡭡
˳̾һ貳ֱӳӿħȺУɱ䡣
һҲǼ뵽˽С
ʱֻܷӡڣǲرأȻħ䣬ǵħ棡
ѾûħӿͨԲ˷ӡӲӵ·ͨΧףȥβơ
֮ĻɫҲѾĴˣҪӡǼһҲֻܵȷƳɳˡ
ֹһ
壬ȷǳһ˵
˵ƣ˵ɫ΢ĺתһĨ⡣
ٺ٣ǵȻ
뵽Ƶ츳ҲЩ⡣
ڿܴˣoѵȥ
뵽ڵĴ˺ĵѵ
ѵʲô۵ļһ壿
üͷһüĿҲɣͽˣȻ塭
˵գļǵӳ巽ȥ
ػһ峤ѣǲ֪Ҫ飬Ҳ֪϶Ǵ²ˡ
ٻȥػһ壬ó֪ͨңһͬǰش˵أ
ߺ˱µĶߵǻ

Ӧһ֮ûԥֱӱǼٵԭ·ϻء
ʱ򣬷ȴ֮ȥ


1891 û
ɽɹ֣Գһ֮˸޷ȥֻԶԶ
ʱƱվԶһ߷ϣԶĴϼʰɹ⵱еɽڳų˼ɫ
ϴνɽڵһжǲ˽⣬ԣ¶ķһԵԼɵ˳
ţƵǾͲɵĳ˳顣
ⶼǲʦ𺦵ģǵʱ˵ĸһ㣬ҲͲǴλԵˣҲڵĳɾͽղͬ
Σûи׼ںܱߵһЩʵչ׳
ƵĹϵѾˣԷ¶츳ʵ϶ǻʵԸ˵ģ
ʱڣ㹻׼ܹӦһпܻᷢʱڡ
С򣬴ʱҲ˳վļͷϣ˫ʯ㾧Өڣ˸żĹâ
ǷܹڶνɽĶȫһˡ
ԥʲô
ƾþòжСɵĴߴٵ
ƲջĿ⣬΢΢üһĨǣ̾һ˵ҲܽɽˣǸô죿

СȻſڣ֪˵ʲôá
ƽɽΪʲôǽȥֻ»һĴ
ֻˣ
ƲûȥһĨ㣬һ˱Ƿ˷츲صı仯ɫƣȥģ
ţһ㣬˱ǻһ磬Զɹֵɽȥ

ϴ֮ɽǶߣÿһӽɽˣǱеĹע
ȻⱩ¶ԼݣǣΪ̫ã߽ȥĻǽӰԺľ档
ڽ壬ԷƵڴбܹȥ⻹ûʲôǽȥɽôϢһֻ˶ԥˡ
ΪЩӰ죬Ʋòѡݡ
̽Ƶĵش֮󣬷ƱȻ󣬾װһûһĳɽֻһɽ۹һ
ҲΪ䣬Ҳûжע⵽һ·ϣûʲô谭ģƱǿɽ
Ϊľʯƶһ󾪺̾ѡ
ľɽʯܹӵǣɼɽĲ
ɽ֮ڣһһľһһĵرܵһֻ¶ܹ
֮󣬹һΪðе̽ע⵽Լװģĸп
λֵܵǺʶ
Ավŵһ⻰Ƴһۣӹ⣬ҪȡһһľǼΪѣ
Ŷѵǽɽܹȡ𣿡ƹʵ
Ȼǣ
ֱӾͷܹɽܹܲջǶҪԼĻԵУ뵱мλڣǿֶ顭
ôѣ
ƵԲ۾ûмʶһõΧ˶Ͷĵ顣
ѣ
ЦһʵѣλָԼԡ
ҿԣ
һ㵣ƺ˼
ȥ԰ɣܹȡһһݣƽˡ
ٺ٣˵ΪܹɽͷϣǾһٻˡ
ΧҲǷ׷壬ڳš
ôã
ƵֹһûмˣңƺЩ⶯ֻǻԥУãǵġ£ҧҧðɣҾ͹һԣ
ȥȥɣǰǾǴǰ̡
ԽԽ࣬ſϷݵ飬һЩ̽ӣƳһ֮󣬶ĵЦһ⡣
ӣʲôǶҲǼֲˡ
ȥˣ
ƹ˹ǳǳλøеĲɫɹȥ
ɹ貣ڵһжӨ˸˸ڹۿʱľǣҲںĶ̬

ɹǰĺ˿ϷʵĿ£һ
ˮһɹ⣬һȥʱһˮϣˮɹĽŲݽȥһ顣
˶Ϊƻᱻȥ³ʱĿɿڴ鷢ˡ
ʱ䣬ƺڷһŶͣɹûн֮ȥǣܹǣƺҲûн뵽ɽΧڡ
ţ
ƺûܵκ谭ȴ߶˵ķƣüͷһһǿҪǿдȥ


1892 ս
ǲûбķƣڳĴ󲿷һЩǰһ벻̬̽ӣĿࡣ
κˣӴɽɹ⣬ܵ谭ܹɽҲͬˡ
ԣܹɽҲþʹõģԶʱڣܹʮӶųˣӵܹǱʡ
Ҳ˵ǲ⣬ܹo֮λ
ǰɹⲢûнƷǡǡ˵ܹ̤ɽˡ
ôܣ
ղŻ볰ЩˣһƬ𺳣޷ǰʵ
ǿƱֵľһûмʶӶѣǡǡӣȴڳ˶޷飡
ৡ
ΧƿĴһӰԶӶվڽҲһ𺳵Ŀǰһֻŵӡ
仯òʱķƺۣϵĲҲ΢΢ڣȥǸоС񡭡
츳ôܡ
ЩϹ̽ӣҲĿɿڴ벻ͨΪΡ
չżϵļأֻ츳ѵˣп̤ɽ츳ӹ׶ڵĻǾûпܹġ
ԣǲǲףǰ˾ΰ쵽ġ
ѵݣ
ܿ죬һЩͷתĿ̽ӣǲµһЩ
䣬תڸòкܶģǶҲ˵һЩ
ԣһЩӵвͫ˵ϸ۲£ǿƵһЩߡ
ԣ
ΪƵıףǼܵĸı䣬ԣǲܿʲôǣԪڵ췣ȴǱǸӦˡ
ִĻǷƼڸǣǻ¶
ԣȻ췣ôɲǣҲɱ֮һԶʱڣ񣬿һ󺷽
Ȼ뵽ԵĹ֮󣬶ǲɵһ
ԣȻǿ֮һǣȴǶһ޶ģֻʣܹӵС
Ҳ˵ǰƼݵӣ壡
Ƿǰܶ˶Ĵڣǵų壬벻ǵڡ
ǣ衢һˣǾ֮ƣ
ԣ뵽ǰҲ֮ǵĿⶼǱЩӣЩ͸ɱ
Ѿǿһ޷ɱˣǹܲˣǣǰ棬Ǵʥ׾ˣȴǺ׳
û˻ԸĿ˳ԼǶ˽ġ

һţǲ޻һģܽͬʱҲûз֮õķԭء
ϴνɽʱ򣬾ˮûа谭
㣬ƻǼǵúġ
ȫͬĸоõֱӾͳ˹ȵףЩң֪롣
ǽȥɽǾ޷õҲ޷ˮˡ
뵽ˮ£ƵһʹЩ޷
һҪȥ
̣ʱͱޱȵļᶨп𣬡жô£ҲҵĽŲ
һ̣бһǿҵ˼ս⣬ҪͻһУͻǵۣ𣬶޷
ɽ޷ǿʱȴһǿҵҪȥһҪȥ
һ̣ϵϢ˲ͱˣһҪеʱؼĹҪһС
츲ذı仯õЩ˶Ŀֱ࣬޷Լ۾
ǰһ̣ǷǳƽӹһˣڣȴǱһȫηǿƺǰⳤƽˣܹ׵ĶԼ
Զ̽ӣҲˣԣ𺳣𽥵ı˾η
ĵľãǰ˲ܹǵģƺѾһλδľǿ
ǲģǱǰȥǴŵе֮ȣ֣һͬ㣬Ǿǡϣ
ư
ǵľ𺳵УɹԵķƣٴſڣһһܹصս⣬Χɳʯ쭷ͬʱһŶȥҪƽµɹ谭뵽ɽڣȡ
ϧƺô˳£ǷƴʱսѾͻ֮ǰļɻ޷ͻƽµɹ⣬벻ɽ
ķ֮࣬޷ȥǣǣɹһֱûų߽ȥ
õͷԶ·𺳣ȣȻ


1893 ûоͷ
סˣ
˭Ҳû뵽һ֮󣬷ƾȻͽܽҲˡ
ϸ˵ʱƻûн뵽ɽڣǲһһһͻôһ㱡ϡ
˼֮˶ע⵽㡣
Ȼûн뵽ɽΧǣȴû˸С¶Ūɫ
ΪƲûбɹⷴǴûйġ
˵ˣǳԹҪɽǣһɹΧǱֱӵɣһ⡣
ѵɹ쳣ˣ
һС˿ʼЩҲҪȥһ¡
ʱͲסˣɹ򿿽
˵һôͻеڶ𽥵ģԽԽ࣬ΧһЩԭֻ۹ˣȿֺĳɹӿƺɽᱻ˾ûԼλһ
顭
ûãһƵһӰڵһģûа㷴֮ĵ˻ڵϣһκܳľ룬ڵϻгһĺۼǧ֮Զͣ
ȻûܵôصĴˣǣÿһˣĻͷһ⣡
ɹƺɱˣǣȴһ־档
һʱڣǳĻңҽ쳹Ϣãƽ
ôܣ
һվ֮󣬿ɻڼֵеķƣЩڶ¶ŵĿ⡣
ʵģǱ˻˵ɹⲢû쳣쳣ǣڷƵľٶ
ǿǾûа취֮صġ
㣬ԶʱڣλϵѾ֤ʵˡ
𣬶޷ͻƣ˵û֮صϿɣǾûа취ڡ
ѵһֱڵɹķ֮𣿣
սⲻеķƣϼ˵ĿⶼǱ𺳡
ûܹסɹ֮ŷķ֮ΪΣһᱻ׷ɡ
Ȼʱȴһܹסɹˣܹ𺳣
Ѿܹ֮ܲصˣʱǷûн֮أҲ˻츳̫ˡ

һУƲģʱоֻһͷǾζҪ뵽֮أ
ǰ
һ񣬴ϢľˣΧĿռ䶼Ϊ֮һۿɼƣ֮ĵ棬ܵ˻ԵĴݻ٣ֲ쭷ϯһЩ̫ˣֱ׷˳ȥһ
һõЩۿˣֱ쭷漰ͣ
Ǵڷ籩ĲλķƣһЩ۾ƺΪԼһ
ǰֻǴʥ׾ˣȴǱ˴ʵ˾̾Щʵ
˾˭ôǿ˳̶ȣ
ЩԶе̽ӣһ˼
ǺĸоʵѾǿǣһЩʥ۷徳Ҳˣܵصв
ǿˣģôһֱĬĬأ
ѵ
Щ˺ܿͲɵ˷ͷϣôһͷʱ򣬾Ȼǹľãǰ⿴ģӣǴŵеķƣȻ֮
˵ȥֻʣ磬ƥķɣ
ˣǵǣҲţο˺ܶط˵Ľơ
ɽˡ
һһĨӣͬʱȻͲغڵͨ塣
ֳ棬ѾǵƿطΧˣֻϱ֪ͨˡ
֪ǰһ϶ӭµķ籩ƵӰ
ΪҲ˵ܹ֮صģ·Ʋܽȥƾܹסɹķ㣬֤ʵԶʱһЩĹ졣
ʱһһεĹȥתۼ䣬Ѿɹ⴦֧ʮ࣬ǣȴûаչ
Ψһı仯ľǣΪĿսڲϵڣڲߣƺûоͷ޵Ľ
˵ǰƵսֻ൱ܵĳɳ̶ȣڣ̶̵ʱڣѾߵ嵽ˣ
ɱС嵽ɣս⣬εһ˵ľܹﵽܵɣѾ֮ˡ
ͬʱڷսⲻϵ£ͣ˼²ľ磬Ҳɶļ
ˡ
ڣڷ⣬ӵ֮ڣϵĴһЩĵһս졣


1894 ȥ
ս⣬ؼһ˵־һ˵ľԣѾʥ۷׾磬ڵĵӡϣûս·ƺսͲһ
ȷһû߹ĵ·ͬʱҲûȷ·ܷߵ¡
սʥʥսۣԼ츳֮
ǣλԼܹսʤصˣգṳ̂һδܵϵλźֻܽϣ֮ˣϣܹսһõչ
еԭ򣬾ʵսʥԼҲҲΪս⣬ƺûоͷ޵Ľ
ûоͷ൱ûмޣԣҲͲڼµ۾
ȻҲоͷֻǣսʥûߵһѡ
ǣڵʱսʥȻû磬ڣȴΪʥһˡ
Ҳ˵սʥս⣬Ѿܵĳ̶ȣǣ޷ͻƵµ۾˵սһԶ֮ϡ
֮ϣǾֻʣ֮壬֮壡

ʱڷĿ֮ս֮£ĵȴӦţӡϵ·Ҳڷ⣬ƺӵˣһС̻һ
ʥ۷׻ãʱ䵱УҲǽȶ϶ѣҪٴҲһһϦ顣
ǴʱԭҪ²ܹõһЩȴۿɼֱԳƵǷٵС
һ룬һ꣬ٽʮӵʱ򡭡
ˡ
ͻأģһʱϵֱӾͱ˵ʿȥЩ翣Լ䣬һɷһȻƺڴʱѾ뵽Χķ籩УǷ籩Ƿ籩еĲкǰȴǸһѾ˵Ĵ
ʵģԭҪ꣬߼ʮ꣬ʱܹͻƵ̶̵ʮ֮ڣȴǻõͻƣ
ͻƵԭ򣬺ʵģǳս֮ϡ
ͻƵһ˲䣬ǰȴǱˡ
ԭֻжͻɹϽɽͷʱȴǷǳƽһƬӨĹϵķǣǰһУȫͬˡ
ɽڵһԭɹ֣Ǵʱȴȫ¶˷ǰ
ڰɹ֮ǰһƺô£ҲôңɼֻһǺ۵Сɽ¶ѣǣ⴦Сɽ棬ȴǾסľ顣
ԼԼǣڳɳ˥ܣȥ
Ŀһôʱķߵ˾ͷƵڼʶıӿֳһĨȻ
һǰǿҲվߵͷɽ֮ڵľ飬Ҳһ
磬Ĳܴ𡭡ãȻ૳
䣬ÿһ˳֮󣬶ǳͬһĿǰǾ㣡
ȻͲڵĻһУʲô𣿲ڴѡ
ȻڷҪĿƿʱ򣬾ڷǲľȥĵطһѿðͷ
ǴӵðͷС̽ͷڴǰİ磬˷ܣҲжδ֪Ŀ־塣
ЩĳڷƵԺڣĿ⣬ҲƲˡ
ǡ
Ŀţƺһ˲֮ڣһЩʲôȥģ
˶ȥ⣬ʧˣˡǣǰ⿴ΪͨһĻȴǸ˷ƲһΪ൱ǻ
ȥѵֻȥˣ𣿡ƵһƬɻɡ
һδйĸʱȴǳԺڣֻʱȴ޷ֽȻͬĸ
ܵĻҲ൱һҲͬ㣿
Ȼڷ׼Ҫȹ۲ȥʱǵĹȴڻɢǰľҲ𽥵ĻָģͫҲ޷κ
ܿ죬ƱǻعͷԼ̤ɹڵһֻţɫ˲ͱЩء
ȥ𣿡
üͷԺһһͷڵɫԽȻš
ȻûиܵС˿˵ųǣͬģҲû̫⣬ܹڶν뵽ɽڡ
ûڣԼ̫ˣȻҲ˵Ŀˡ
ûлǾûа취ˮºʦ
뵽棬Ƶȭͷק


1895 
һϵе飬һ˲䵱УҲǾǰһԭķƣ˲ϵϢƺΧصС
ͻˣ
ŷͻȻЩԶ̽ӶǵԲ۾
ǿװ׵ĿˣƿʲôҲûվɹ⣬Ȼ󣬾ôĪͻˣ
һ˲õܵصĴ
ǲɵѵ츳õˣĿվŶͻƣ
һǰǰڳ֮ڵķƣǲǴʥ߽پѣͻƵʥ۷壬ڶ̶̵һʱڣȻĸС磡
ٶȣֱͿԳƵϵ٣
壬Ҳ߱츳ɣ
ǵһƬ𺳣˸
ϣôӵĻʸ˫ģ㣬ʵ˶Ǻ
ҲǽҼһЩС˶ѡ
ǻʸ˫УԼĹ󣬷Ҫʤǲܵ顣
ܣͬСɣʸ˫ȴܵģ϶Ƿơ
Ȼĳ̶ֳ˵Ƶ츳ʵѾˣϾʱȻʸ˫Ҫһ硣
ȻЩ˲֪ǣʵƻռƵģԭǡϣ
ӵоϵ൱ڷƱȻʸ˫߳һ磬ԣҲĳƵʣҪѷġ
Ȼӵоϵܶԭܵ飬˿ܣ𽥵ľ룬ţһ죬ƾԼʵʵҲܹܻʸ˫
ʱ˿̣ԭЩ볰Ƶˣ˵ˣҲ벻òӣȻܹ˿ֲʵ
õ࿪ڵ٩볰ˣɵĴһЩ飬͵͵뿪ͷҲصĳԶȥ
ҲǻԼȻȥһλߵǿߣҲһҫˡ

ܿ죬ҲǷԼϵҲΪ֮Ȼ
оԼʲôҲûôĪġͻˣ
ɻ󣬲׾ΰ쵽ģƺڸղţһǿҵҪ̤ǰɹϣɽ
ս⣿
һĨãȻ
սĶ֮սͻԣս֮Ǿûа취ԽԼھġ
Ȼڸղţս⣬ȴǳļޣӶڶ̶̵ʮ֮ڣȻһ磬καչضҪĿ١
ѵ˵սҲܹߣ
һ̣ƶԼս⣬һµ֪
ԡ
ΪȷҪٴγԡ
ǿеĻҵһݾ
ս
һƵʱŽâ޾սĶ籡ǻɽһΧĿռ䶼쳹һۿɼ񽣳ʣâָ죬ƺҪͱƬأ˺ǰĿռ䡣
鰡
һ۳һɴս۶ɵĳֱնǰɹ֮ϡ
̡
޴Χϯһ쭷磬ͬʱɹҲǰȥһ飬ֻǣûƿɹ֮ڵһУûܵκεӰ졣
ء
ƲģһһնǣɹƺγԣεŬҲ䰼ȥѡ
ƺǰⱡһɹһһأһ˵ٴؼӰҲ޵ģԣûп֮ܽƿ
ңڵķƣҲҲǰָоеĿûôǿңսҲòκεεĳԣ־ƣĸо
ѵĲ𣿡
΢΢ŴǰûܵӰɹϣĵ㱯ݣһƬȻ
ȻΪԼģǣʵȴܲпᣬٶŬҲ޲
ûоϲãڱ˵С
˻ǾֻſǴ˵е翣Ҫûײ˶١
죬ȴκβ㡭
׳ڴʱΪ̸ûκεãõķЩӢĩ·ĸо
֪ԼѾ޷ɽˡ
ҪûҲһҪɽ
СǳԺõһ
Զʢɽ˲٣Ȼܹȡû˲ٷ֮һǣ϶лĴڵġ
ģ
СĽͣõķһĨϣĹâ
Ȼػһ峤Ҳ˵ԶʱܻЩʣġ


1896 
ɽǰ˽СʱȻ뿪
һ·ϣ˶ԾÿһɫЩҪǰ׽̽ӣҲͣ˽Ų
ֱıӰԶȥЩ˲˿Щǲǿɫ԰׵̱ڵأڵĴϢ
ʲôҲûҲһɳɽѹõЩֱڣǲŵõ˽ѡ
Ȼûнȥɽ
ЩԶ̽ӻһۣǿ˶ԷŨŨɻ
̫ˡ
һ˵㶯˶ȥɹϣͻᱻһԸ˲Żᱻɳȥ
ղţǿǼѾȫǣֱɹƺҲûв֮׷ɳȥ
⾿˵ʲôûס
ȻûеõɽϿɣΪλᷢѰأ
ᣬѾȥɽһ˰ɣ
м̽ӿֳôһֵͷ˼䣬ȴǾúпܡ
һ˵ֻҪ츳ѵˣпܵõɽϿɣӶڻþ޴ĺô
Ƶ츳ӹɣ˵ģ˵Ҳӵ˽ɽʸ
Ͼ֮ļصУÿһܹ֮뵽ڣһмλũɲݡ
ɽڻһЩΪһٸܹɽ˵У࣬ҲһܹһЩϿɡ
ɽǾؼΪĵطһжӵԼǣûܹǿȡʲô
ڷ뿪ãԶӰ֮ʧֻһЩ˹۹ͽпҲɢȥ

˭ɽڻ˻·ϣƱǶС׷ʵ
ҲΨһϣˡ
СȻ
ô
ͻȻͣ£һѽӻק˳۾
˭˻
СһԹƳ
һֱڷߵȻΪôǿҵҪûرڻˮµϣǸɽȪŮԷжôҪ
⡭
üͷһ壬ˡ֡
С˵ûˣ˭ҲȥȻǻ
ңǱ˭ȡһҲó˽
ؼ޼֮
ԣؼҲǼζѣΪǵõ˭ܹʹóأ
Ҳⷽ鱨
Ȼģƾ뵽˴Ҳ뵽˴졣
󼸺ƿ鱨йڻ鱨Ҳ˵
ֻǣ뵽봺ֳ֮Щ죬ƺܿˡ
㴺ⷽ鱨ҲܸԼɣ
˴ֱӾǽ˴Ķ棬ڻûɳ׷ɱѾǺܲˡ
ڴҪζԴԼȴӣǣԼᣬȴҪ⡣
ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ο컹о֮
֣Ѿȥôˣôһ㶯Ҳûأ
ҲѾȥ˽һµʱ䣬ȴɷƽ˾õķƺɻ
˵ϴ¶Լĵ֮ӦǿƱһҲ᲻ͷǣҲԻΪеİ
ڵʵ޷µ󱳺뷨ΪԽȥöŽ϶ǶԴԽġ
ʱԶĳصĽ䡭
ûҵ𣿣
һƵŮһľڴľǰʮڵأҲͷҲ̧
ûС
ʮǰһϹźˮƺϱѹ˼ɽһ˶ֱҲЩ
һȺͰ
ǳõʮ˶һƺľڵˣǺη塣
ҸǵʱѾˣǾȻûҵ˵ǻʲôã
ڴȻƺǣȴǸõΪ֮ĺ䤱
һҵģֻǻҪʱ䡭
ǰŵ߲ϵĺˮü˵
ⶼѾˣԼ˵˵
ڵ嵭ƺûаŭ
ˡ
ϵĺˮԽԽࡣ
ʱԼжôıÿһ죬ͻвͬıǣǸȴһֱûҵԣжҲһֱá
ЩഴĴˣŰ𣿡
ͻأģڵļı䣬õΧ¶ȶǼٵ½ȥﵽ˱㡣


1897 
ҵܣ
߲ûжε˼Ҳ
Դᱩ¶֮󣬴ܵѹɲһĴ󣬼ԭùϵ֮Զ˾룬ӶԭԴϵĴſȸ
˵ڵĴѾˣȻ˼봺󱳺صĵ̣ûԴѣǣ˭ֻǳ¡
Ǵ󲻾סڵľ棬ôпԭĴ󣬻ᱻ𣬳׵
ԣÿһ죬ԴԽǲ
ţЩҡҡλεվĿⶢǰľţ˵ӰõĵֶѾˣܣԲûжʵʵĽչϣܹһ棬ǼѰȥȻǰ
˵գǾƣǳԼͷ­ȥ
顭
һƵ˵˳ȥײһұϲͣ
˶
ŭľڴҲҵУ
ˡ
¹ڵأĳľݷ֮󣬲վʮ뿪
ľڣŵˣƶϤ
ϳֵǸŮӣд봺
ʱŮӵɫܲÿЩ£ΪüͷõǰĴ봺ҲǸܵһǿѹҴ

ƺѾİˣЩÿ춼㱨Ҷᵽƺ
Ȼ˽νǺҲǣԣλĴڣδ󱬷ԭ
ֻǣѾµͷˣ󱳺ȴûѰνԣųٳٰ
ĳ𣿡
һߵĴǶ˼ΣǴЩ̫ȷʵ
¼֣˸ţֻǣ޾֮λϵĻ
Ȼ
Ůɨ봺һۣ΢ĵ˵ͷ̾һھǻǡ
ѾȥôãûϢ˵ǣǼٵġʵҲӰõѾڼѰˣȻƢһƽʮˡ
СǲǺҪ֪ݣ
ƳһһͷˮĴһۣŮ嵭ʵ
СŮӲҡ
ͷȥֱӡ
ûʲôҵģΪܹܿ
뵽λϵĴڣŮӵҲԵЩǵ˳֮Ϊа𣡡
ʲôа𣿣
콿һһ𺳵Ŀ
аǿΨһһλڿͷϴڣܹԾأ
µûǡɡ֯еһԱ
ŮӲûжȥΪϢܿͻᱻȥ
ԭڰ֮ǰĳһ죬аԭ޹ͨ壬ͻȻҲ˵аٴγˣ
ԣŮӲŻѣŻѡ뵽ᵱС
Ϊа𣬾ƾ֮ڵزŻϵĳɾͣĻᣬȻԸŹ
ֻǣܿϧǣڰ·ȴɱһļƻûж飬Լĵ̱¶˳ȥ
ſС죬΢΢źϣþ˵
ȻЩνݽεĲ²⣬ʵĴ𰸣ȴǳܵķΧ
а˲֪˲
ܱ뿪ǿ߸ĽŲŮӣǵ֮֯ʱĵһ֮һ
ֻǣܿϧǣ֪ΪΣаȻѾ֣ȴûлصɡ֯õĺŮӺǲ⡣
뿪ʱ˵ٴط֮ʱȰ֮գŮӵЩ翣˸ż硣
ͷؼ۷Ѿ޾£һֱûܹҡǵĸ˵ƣѰֻҪͷ֮ͻᱻƵӡ
аȴ־ҪݻȣȺ٣䣬˸š
а
뵽棬첻ɵĵ׵һ
ǿشͬĴڣһëնɱǧۣؼ˭ܵס𣿣
ȣ
޾£ĻǸʵһλѹ
Ǹʱ򣬴󣬾ԻΪؼһ޶ľͷ
ʱ򣬴ΪλкŮ봺ʵĴڣΪδѡǿƳǰ
һУΪһ˵Ĵڡа


1898 ǰ
ʱصǰ
һҰϣһŮӣһǳţϲҳϣҲմ࣬˫۾ȴǷǳȥϵǳһϾ
գȻڸǣȴɿĳһɫľɫŮʣҪúõ¥뻳кǻ
ôĿĵţ֪յ㣬Ҳ֪Ҫȥη
غ𡭡
ïʢԭʼֵдһĺѪ뱩壬ŵŮӽһ¶֣̿ŲԶһ֣Ųϵĺˣȴźһʯͷһڵء
𣡡
ڵصʱһͷܴïʢĴмСɽһߴ׶࣬һ˫۾ͭ壬ŲԶŮӣ¶ѪĿ
ÿһ涼ҡţǱдȳϢŵŮӵײײĺˣϣմӲӡ
ҪҪ
Ůƺûа㷴֮ѾǰͷƵӣںĿܱƽԼ
Ȼȴûϧ˼è׽һŮߣӸµĿֱſѪڣŮѩ׵Ĳҧȥ

ŮЩı۾иǿҵҪȥΪѰԼġ
ܵѪڴʱ򣬼ǱܷӦһģֱһƻͷȻͷ­ϡ
̡
һǿⱬǽӴܵͷ­ֱӱըѪǾ޴Ƽһı׷˳ȥײľϳһĹ֣ǧ֮⣬һʯײ֮󣬲ͣƤӴѾǲƲ״һ̲⡣
˴ֱǧ׿һڵ˵ע⡣
Ȼǹֻһ˲䣬ǣȴõڵǿΪ֮Ĳ
ѵдʥǿ߽٣
ſڣһĿЩ˳ɫΪѿ
벻˻ʸȻɳǿʰеȳУ˻ʸĵ̣һۺ񰡡
ߣһŰʦүһҲǴŻֵ̿˵š
ԭﾹȻ϶ڵһеȳУԴϴ϶ٳַ糾¼˻ʸǱǶ϶ȡһϵеĴѹʩ
Ϊȫֻţԣ˻ʸûɳǿֱӶ֮лԵĴ𲽵ĲʳС϶
ٽڤ촦һеȳС
ɶѵ϶û𣿣
ŭһһĨĹâߣȥӭս
˵գǴͷڿն𣬶һڳУһǧˣƺƵĳŲԶԭʼжȥ
ȻŴǿҲĵص㣬ȴǼһʧŮӣõӵ˶һȻ
òŮӣһöڸǵ飬ʱãȻĿԼ˫֣ǰһĹ֡
Ȼ﾿Ƿʲô飬ǣȴ֪ղǹǿҵĲӦþǰ޺Ůġ
ӾĴڵϵŮãȴɻɫ
ΪǰŮӵϣûо쵽ϢĲǿ־ġ
Ƴһ۷徳ʬһۣһ΢ĵһ̬
Ǻˣ
ӳǣȴûз֣Լд˿˿
Էǹɲĳ̶ǰŮҪɱ׾ٵ顣
ǳŮӲ̧ͷǶһ䱸ԼһˣɵӣҲǷĿǡ
˷Ӧһ㵣üͷ
Ҳ˲˻ʸġ
һԣŰʦүѵ
š
ҲǵͷǰŮڵģӦѾڴбʱˣ˻ʸǿߣûбҪԼŪģ
ǲǻˣֻ֪﷢ʲô顭
Ĭ֮̽Եʵ
ҡҲ֪
ѯʣŮӲĻشţܾСһ
ʦүһ֮Ӳ̽ԵվŮʮ׿⣬ϸĴһǰŮ֮ҲһĨޣЩɵۡ
ȻǰŮӰɫȹգմӲ볾ǣȴڸǲסǾա


1899 ƭ
ĿţŮüһü両һĨŭׯһĪ¶õһֱӾ͵󲽣ϣ亹졣
⡭
ڳŻ֣̿վЩȣҪֱӹȥƺǰһ߸ϵooǰһֻ϶ѡ
ֻһŭɫѣõʧأڣԿ϶ǹǿҵĲ϶ΪǰŮɵģ
ʧˡ
ǰŮӲûжԼ֣ӺܿͷӦ˹ͷȥֱӰŮӵա
ƺΪŵľٶŮӶҲûаøУûлػվһߡ
Ҫȥǣһ뵽һǱŭȻûȥǰ档

ʦүҲվԱߡ
ǿҼǿˣҲʥĶ֣
૳ŰŮȥıӰЩ
ʲô
ʦүĿĿźϼ䣬˵
һеȳеʦүѣܹǿߣҲͷʥ磬˵ʥ磬ôңɼȥ
ΪÿһλʥǿߣǶһİҲֻǣǵȼǿ
Уס
뵽϶ĴһΪľ
ܹΪϲŮ϶ӪƱػõʶʱܹ϶Ҳ˵أ
λ
ţӱǿ첽׷ȥ
ʲô£
ŮüͷЩõĿԼǰ
λߵķڤ죬һյءãǲҪȥ
ԭҪ˵ΣգǣǵŮӵĹ죬ǸĿڡңʱ˿̣ҲǷǳĽţǰŮӻᶯŭĳɷͷһ
ڤ죿
ŮһĨ⣬ƺƺİ
ȴǼǵãԼƺǴǸ߹ġ
ҶһϤȥģҶԸ·
ӻһΪܺƵɫɫĶ˵
ҡ
Ů̴΢筴γһÿĻߣǾɫձƽһˮ΢ᵴǲŵ꼻أһ֣ȴǾޱߡ
ƺЩԥò˵ңǰˣĵҲǺΣ෴Щų⡣
λ
ʦүӵʾ£Ҳ˹ֺõЦ˵λǳⷽԲǧ֮ڣǳأԷĵġ
ΪŮߵķоֹȻܹ²ƺʧˣ
һʧȥ˼ǿߣڲڲܹ֮£òˣ
ҡҷ
ԥãƺҲûиõѡˣŮӲǿ˵
һ̿ʼļУֻһΪģӣƺǾ׵ˣԣҪҵ

ƺõʦүһЩӦ
ǰΪΪֲˣȴӿնУѡڵߣ͸ղŵĺۼƺܵ˾š
ڣĿģõΪ֮⡣
ʹγƺСʵ
ȻŮΪϲ⣬ô϶ҲΪѾûбκλ룬ֻҪδ֪ǿߵĺøˡ
ƺ
Ůһ㶣ŬĻţȴǷ֣ͷһƬհףûκεļ䣬ֻһſϤӴڡ
Ҳ֪
ȥͷüͷھãն
֪Լ˭ΪλֽҪȥη
ֻ֪ԼҪҵԺӵˣΪֻӣܸȫС
شһ˿ȻǳһԵʦүʹһ
λȱżǳҵġ
ʦүƵȰ˵š
˺ããҪĴ½ҵһǾǴ룬ûпܵ飡
ڼ䣬ǱܹܵλΪϲŮӵıӻ
ǰң
Ů̧ͷ˫۾ǡ
ǵͷȥֱӣȴǶͷҲϵĵͷ
׻˵˶㿴˰ѰңܺùһѰҪǿĶɣ
һȴõİŮӳ˼
ȷ֪ԼҪβܹҵԼԺеǸˣ˶ĻȷǸҵ
Ļҵվ
ľǣ
ˣӴϲæı֤


1900 
ȥ֮أƲûмȥԡ
ԼٶĲģҲǶ˷һЩʱѡ
ңʱǳĽȣ뾡ϻȥΪ˭Ҳ֪çһʲôʱ忪ս
ԣ뿪ɽΧ֮һȦ֮СĴ£֪ľͻص塣
ڵľҲЩңرڶ֮󣬱ֶθʮõĻ̡̻
ܶ˶ףΪ˻ʸȡжǣ»䵽Լͷϡ
ǵҵԭ
ѾսڼҲ˼ôˣȥֻԺ¡
Щ£ֻɸ

صʥѧƱͣ˻ʸڡ
չΣ
ǽ뵽˻ʸڣƱǿʵ
ʱڵ˶ǲתǶ¶ϲ뼤ɫվӭȥ

ĻҪд

æסɨһΧǷ֣ڣĴԺڣңһĿԼ
ʱ򣬷Ʊ֪ԼݣҲѾ˻ʸڹˡ
Ͼ綼ѾˣֻǣûдѣǣҲѾ֪ҲֻһʽƱǿ˳µ˻ʸλá
λض񡣡
΢΢Цһ˫˫ڴĿ⣬ʱ͸оԼϵĵࡣ
ˣ
ٴζŶʵ
Ѿɾˡ
üͷ¶ŨŨĵǡ
ϣ
⻰ƵüͷҲһ
ЩɶǱʴ˵ģǲǽԺܴ鷳
ңţ˻ʸʵЩӦòǺܴŶԡ
һС롭
ҡҡͷϾǿɬɫ
һС룿
ƵɫֱӾͱȻ
ЩʴУ϶ӦöΪŶ԰
ܡ
һεĵͷȥһԵλԺҲһš
׷ʲô£
϶ʲôڵĽ޷չȥ
еĺ˳ģǣ϶һλصǿߣȥַǿߣŵ£Щǲ뵽϶Χڡ
ڵϸĸ֪˷ơ
ԭַ϶ʱ˻ʸǿܵصĴɳʥ۷Ž׾ǿߣҲڳ϶λǿС
ʥ۷Ž׾ǿһжûг£ĲҰܡڶԷƺûȡ˼Բ˻
ʥ۷Ž׾Ҳһ֮УƵüͷһ
û
һλԺЦĵ˵ͷʵ̫ǿˣûпںδֻǣҪ϶֮ڵʱ򣬱һɿֱֲӽһܡ
Ȼǰȥַ϶ˣĴԺԺ֮һ
ȻȲЩӵԶѪǿߣǣҲͬСɣȻĴԺԺλã
˶ûͻ˾Ž׾ǿߣ
ҲһĨ𺳡
Կ϶϶֮ڿ϶ּǿߣôпܣ϶ڵλǿߣġ
ѵçһѾ𣿡
뵽ǣλνǿߣпܣçһǲġ
ֻǣǿΪλ뿪أ
õķЩ벻ͨ˵϶ˣçһ壬ĴŶԡ
νһߣǴЦ
֮䣬Ѿ˲棬ĵزˣԲܺͽ⡣
֮壬çһĴգ˳νͬ졣
жϣҲλǿߵľ磬Ѿʥ׵ķ롭
ϵɫŨ
ǴͬһϣӵԶѪǿߣҲûз֮Ŷԡ
ôΨһĽ;ǣ֮˵Ϊʥ׵ĵز
벽ۣ
Ƶһ𽥵ұı䡣
ৡ
ʱһӰֱ˽
ʦڰ
ڷƻûзӦʱһϤ
ƣ
һϱ¶һĨϲɫתͷǿǴݵĻվ
ֻǣڵĻƣȴû֮ǰɵЦݣ෴ģƺЩءϵɫϣƿĳֻҲʲôõ顣


1901 ֮
ԻƣΪ˽ģԣڿϵɫ֮󣬷Ʊ֪϶ʲô鷢ˡ
ѵûѰ𣿡
üͷһЩͳʵ
ûǣӡɽǿǸ޴ва
һ죬Ǿһ
ҵˣǡ
һ䣬ȴû¼˵ȥϵɫҲȻˣЩͷɥ
ѵѾӳ˷ӡɽƵɫҲǾ䣬ơ
Ȼƿֶأ˵ûбƽ
֮ߵﶼܰƽ˵̬Ѿˡ
⡭
ɨһ۴ڵ֮󣬻ԥǳɫ˵⻹Ҫ⣡
ֻͷħֵĻҲͺöԸһЩǣȴ֪Լȱƣûʮİճ𣿣
ʱ򣬷ٴγֵʱ򡭡
ţвɵһ
ǸʱĻܹѹס𣿣
Ƿʲô£
ȴõķЩɻˡ
Ĵ㣬Ҳħӳ˷ӡɽѣѵбģ
˵
ֱӸ֮ȻһɫĶŶ˵֮ڿʼÿһ˶Ҫһκ춯򡭡ʦ㱨
һ˷ӡ֮ҲǳֺУ˻ʸڲûκְλΪǿʵǶҲΪġ
ͷˮȻǲ̫һҪЩʲôȻصĵ˵ͷ
ôҲʲô飿
ɨһ۴ɫɫƲǷ֣ƺҲΪĳڷ
м飬Ҫȥ
΢΢˳񣬲һصĶ˵
ʲô£
ɻʵ
ΪȻһ۾ܹƷƵľ磬ƶûа취飬ôԯ˶ѡ鷳ˡ
ġ
ص㽫ڵĶ̬һ飬ᵽڵ⣬϶ڳһλǿߣ赲ǵĽȣçһĴڣûнǵĻ彫ʧء
ΪЩڣǻɢҥԣŪĴĻ̻̣治ȣпܣЩûʲô壬ǵӪ
Ҫȥ϶
ƶʱ˿һҲΪ⡣
֣֮ʵ֮ǿӹɣǴçһɹǿߣŽ֮
š
Ƶ˵ͷҲûн϶ĺء
ǾͽҰɣ
˽⵽ڵľ֮󣬻ҲǶ˵Ӧֱת뿪˴
ͽˣ
뿪֮ʱɫƶԶһ֮ҲǴҴҵĸȥ
ѵд·𣿡
ȥıӰһĨɫ૳֮ﰡʲôʱܹƽأ
п֮ǶλԺϸİ֮ļƻ

˻ʸ֮󣬷Ʊֱص켫ԺԺڡ
ৣ
˽Ժвãһ޵Ӱ˲ͳԡ
ʦ
ӵħʹ׵̣ʶƵ
Ȼƺ֮ȴǲˬˣϸ˵һһ޲ˬˡ
ǸɰСܵܣ
Żǳ˲ӬһɫӷƻðͷһƵС죬Цƺǵ⡣
˵Сãܲ˵£
Ʒ˷ۣ
зʦΪʦ˵̵ͽˣ
Ŷ
ɨһǳصɫ̲΢һͬ뵽ԺڵС
˵ɣʲô飿
û£ƱǶŻ׷ʵ
Ƿ
ϴŨŨĿЦ¶ӵɫ

İĳƺҲһ㶡
ڱصаǸһ
һ䣬˵ͷӡħֵıԴƣѾǳ˵ڶͷħˡ
У̾ϢϾǻ໹Ϊ׽ѣܹ֮Ϊˡ
ȻΪ׷νȴһ·
ʲôӡͷħֱųˣ
⻰һȵľ
ǰΪƸûͻȻ𣬶ĳȻܴ
û
ŵĵ˵ͷ˫ֳԼҵͷֱأЩҵĴӦģΪҵ֡


1902 翵ϣ

ƵѣԺڲֳһɫӰ
ʱڱصĶ֮ڣûз⣬ܻڡ
ԣ˵о֮ġ
ô飿
Ƶüͷһɡ֡
һҲ⣬ϾڵѾҲǵ֮ߵˣ˵ӦӡɽͷħֵΣŶԣΪַأ
˵õ
Щʹҡҡͷɡ

һ΢΢
˵ȷһ޷ܵջ
䣬˶Ϊ˸ǣⱾһ·пܣˣͲôˡ
һûϣ磬Ǹ˶ôľ
ԣһʲô̬ϣҪ룬ϣȻͲкг밲
ǰΪѾҵԼ
Ƴ˿ǰôڵķѾʧңѾǸˣв
ڵô
ɫ΢ʵ
ȻҲʲôͬʱҲףΪλ˵ͷħ⡣
ͷħȻӵһǣǣȣ
ͷħɾܹǿԼ츳޷󣬷ǿһʲôĵز

Ƴ̾һȻĻɫ񣬵ǣûнӡΪ֮ڡ

ƵһĨɻ
ǿoн޳ĵطͷħֵıԴӦҲûдĿ԰ɣ
֪ЩͨڵħΪβԣҲ׷
ڻƽʱľϸ˵˳֮󣬷Ƶɫȫȥ
ѵ˵ͷħǴӳ𣿡
ˡ
Ӧòᡣ
һԵ̽ӹ˻⣬ü֮Ǽ˵ڵħҲ׵նɱͷħ֣Ҳ޷֮ɱԲѡӡ
Ŷ
ʱԺȴһϤӰԴڵͷħ֡
˵Ҳ޷ɱĴڡ
죿
ʻͻأĳڷԺڣʱ΢΢һ
Щ壬ƾ뾳ϵƣ޷֮ɱģǣصĻ־
벻ΪȻԸͷ˲˹ħ֡
ҡͷҧ촽ЩԸʵ
ʱӡĻ밡
һԣҲֱҡͷڵûǰƤЦɫĺܳء
ģΪĻһὫ
Ѿƿܣӵɱ췣֮ķƣĽ֮ɱġ
شƺܵĳѹƣӶ£κ˶޷õ۾ϵǵ벽ۣǻϣܹԸġ
뵽˷ƵĵƣƲûзֻǣҲûϲõɫȥ϶鷳
˵գ뿪˴
ȴͷˮΪڷƿ췣֮㣬
ʥ۷ľˡ
ɨһ۷ƵΪ֮ӿֳһĨȻ
Źȥ˶ꣿ
Щ޷ƾôġ
Ĳͬ
ŵ֮񣬱Ƚǰ̷֣ƺӵ㡣
ͿǼһǲᶨȴִҪ
СҲӷƵ
˵֮Ϊ׽Ļ飬һͬɳȻ޻˵
ƳһۣҲǸܵĲͬʱٴ¶ɫ΢΢ſС죬㡭
ôû𣿡
ǳԾɫСΪͷһЩֺ˼
ǼǵãЫĳŮôŰԼķģ
Ҳ˵Ѿƿܣ
̽Ŀ˷ϣ˸żɫ
š
Ƶ˵ͷȻֱ̧֣һСͷ­أ
ǸɱˣûǣңںϣƺԼӰӡ
Ҷˡ
СһίıͷԹĿ
ǻɷСӣ
üͷһƺ뵽ʲô顣
ǺþöûӲͷˣ
ʦðɣ
뵽ãƵ΢΢˳飬ΪĬӡ
ʲôӲͷϣǲҲȻֻԼܵĥѡ


1903 ֮
ٴμʱ򣬷Ʋɵһ㵣ŬĲ˲۾Լһ
ϣ˵ӡ󣬶һɱ񣬻ɷڵӢ䲻ûж˸ȥֱӡ
ڵĺ
һԺӵһףӶˣһ˫۾ǶŨɫȦѾһϢ̱࣬٣һﻹʲôɱӣ
Ǻ
Ʋתͷʵ
ǲǺҲ֪
Щνʼ磬˵СӵȷǼһԺġ
⡭
ЩĿĿأԳ鴤š
ɱĺôܻôƺҲˡ
룬¹գжˣɼֶΡ
硭
ƺߵĶ̱ڽĺһЩӦŬ׵Ĳӵ촽ѵ³һǺ
֣㡭û°ɣ
ƻعͷȥȥֱӡ
ֻǺзִģʲôصڴǣƤ˵ĵȼҲ֮ͣˣûиʮµǱ븴ԭˡ
˵ţһũҩҩԣźϵĴˡ
Ȼһı
СһԣţƳɨɫһһӣ˷ƵĻС
ʱͬգ֮ѾϹˣԣ̵Ƣ𱬣ҲҶԷ̫
л֡
ãũҩҩԵ£ǻĻվŷƹֵл
лȻΪǰΣǷƽ˳Ȼඥûпܻ뿪ǡ
С£ҳݡ
Щյӡ
Ҳȷ֮ˣСҲֻܽЩӣôˡ
λҵĵʦ̣ʦ
Ȼˣǽܵ

ķ̣ϵɫԾͱЩȻˣȥֱ޵ӡ
ԭǷֵĵʦ
˼˵ţĿ˷һۣʾҶġ
ţǱƳİ
ôǰķƣƺҲⰡ
΢΢˳飬Ҳûнʲô
Ȼ̵ȷãǶԼȴû̫ݵľٶ
ȷǱƳģǣȴ̡
СӣԺǵýҡ㣡
Ƴһۣ仰֮󣬲ǳһԵľȥ֮󣬱ǹš
Ȼ飬ľϻһĴġ
֮󣬷ƱǽӻԼԺ䣬ͬʱҲڵȴŻƵϢ
Ϊȶģ룬λǷͷ϶֮󣿡
ú󣬶ԺУš
Ϊ˻ʸıѹټһЩĵѾֵĻ̻ˣȶģֻǻһЩҪʧ
Ͱ˼
˼֮󣬷Ƶ˵ͷһص˵
ûҪ˻ʸλõ˼ΣѵĹͷҲվⳡΣ
֮ĳŵҲΪһԱΣж
Ǻãȥ׼
ϲ֮󣬱ǿ첽˳ȥ
ڿֶ룬һҲ뵢ˡΪ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣

ߺ󣬷Ƴ³һϣһ桭
½һСССӵܣΪıȣò̤·һ·ϣӭ볰ɹΣգߵһΪ˻ʸһˣ
һУǰûа취ģȻڣȴûаϲãǸܵһɳΡ
ʢ󰲶
ûҪĶ壬ֻϣܹƽķչȥ˸ۡ
硭ػһ
ȻǸռûͣ೤ʱ䣬ǣܵڵķΧ֮󣬱ȷţԼԺҪӡ
ţƱǾãԼӦ֪ͨԼ˲С
ˣԶϣԼøߵĳɾͣΪԼǵϣǵδ
ȥһˡ
һ뵽ңƵıЩУҪȥ붫˵һʱȴǿײײԺڵĻƣʱɫֱӳȥ
ʲô£
ǻһĨѪĻƣƳʵ
ҡ
ſڣãǴͷɥ˵Ұˡ


1904 ұ
ʲô
⻰һʱڻزһ㵵ĿŻơ
ˣ
ΪԼˡ
Ҫ֪ƿԶʱ֣֮ܣ
š
ܲԸĵ˵ͷŷǲ񣬲Ҫĳȥˡ
ûаܹǣȴûΰܵôҹ
⡭
һɫüͷ˵㽫ԭίϸ˵һ飡
ʦ
ƺЩΪѣЩŤŤġ
ৡ
ҲǸӦ˻ƵϢҲʱ˹ǱģҲɵһ㵡
˵ݹ˭۸ôңңȥʰ۾ƺͻƳԱӣɵĵ٩
㣡
ŭ޵ġ
˵ɡ
üͷһ콿ЦҲûκΰ취ҡҡͷһ棬Իʵ
ǰ˰򲻹ǼһЩ˵ȥֱӷơ
Է˭ѵçһĳλɫЩԾ׷ʵ
ƵͣģҪ϶϶ûˣçһ壬ԶѪ֮壬ҪҲǲܵ顣
ԣֻпܻǡ
Ȼ֮Ѿﵽ˰벽۾𣿣
еĻڰڿ϶ԼŶԣӦþôһֱŵڲų֡
ҡҡҲ֪ԺǸһһˡ
°죬ƺǺ޲ҪҸطȥˣ˵Ǳ˵ʱһɫЩ̡
˼ĻҪԼ
Σȥ϶ʱ򣬱Ҫչǰȫѹˣѹֵʱһɺ嫵ͻأĴֱӱǽ˳ȥ
ԣԷʲôŮôϡͿİˡ
ʲô
һӿֳһĨ˼ɫĵ
νıˣΪһΪ˸ԼӣԲô˵࣬˽ԺԺôܵķȴǺ
ȻֵӰûпͰˣɼ˸жǿ
ôܣçһҲӦôǿ߲Ŷ԰
СҲסˣӷƵ˳µ
뵱Ǽսķʱ򣬳ǶԷϮȻǼ¹˭ţȻڣȴܵôңȻš
ȥԡ
ƻعͷĵðһ仰

Сһ쵽Ĩɫǻһ˼ĳ˵ǱȥʵҪȣǿϮԣ뿪
˵дʣƺΪԼһôʵɶ⣬ȴǻƵһǰۡ
ĳ˱ĺܲҰ
̹̾Ϣ˵ţ٩֮࣬ҲЩء
ǲ࣬ȻԷܹ׵ĻܻƣȻܹ
ǿߣ˵һ޴в
ңǶУô˭ܹ赲סǿߵĽŲ
ȥҲࡣ
ţЩգ
ˡ
ƳֹǼȥüͷ¶һɫϣõһ޶ǰ
ԭΪ׾ܹ飬ȴǰ·ɱһҧ˽չȥǺܲġ
ңصǿڶԷӪôһսģʱ˭ܹ赲סǿߵĹƣ
ǷΪǵĵط
Ҳܹǿߵô˹ʥѧǾûеڶ·ˡ
ҲʹǽҪ½е塣
ǿ鰡뵽ǻᱻçһŰƵĿڱѹһʯЩѡ
϶
뵽ƵļᶨȭͷսɱȻ
ƣ̣С򣬶˼УɫǺܳء
ԭΪѾ޵ǣ˾ӣңڵľƣǷ֣ԼҲ޲ߡ
ֻм֮ȥһˣٲеĻ
С˵ţҲɵ̾Ϣһ
мɰգ
üͷʵ
Ȼİ취ǣȴĿȥˣǾʧ

վЦҡҡͷû˵
оԼǹ֮£ûκεķ֮ԷҪȡԼֱ׾١


1905 һȥ
Ƶ̬ȣõոǳˡ
Ǿۼ˵ûа취Ը϶ǿߵĻǳ˹ʥѧûеڶ·ˡ
ⲻܰɣôҲܻˣǼһôڻڣ˼֮Сɻʵ
ҲǿǵܹŻһ㣬Բ顣
ǶԷֻܻܻƣôֵĻһϣġ
⻰õķҲɻĿŻơ
㲻ǱƵ˰ɣ
ʵɫҲЩŹ֡
ҡ
ſ죬ҪʱһʱԼϵǹɺ嫵ѹȴ˵ԭء
ȷǱƵˣ
ȻʱСȴǳûгЦ෴ģɫȴǸӵĳˣһ˿ЦҲûС
һƵӣһʲô
Ҳ˵ǿк޷֮
㾿ôӻģ
뵽ԺԺ֮󣬷ƲɸӵĶԴ˸ɻˡ
켫ԺԺǲʥ۷Ž׾ѣܹӻôֵҲһأ
Ҫ֪ʥ֮ˣܹڰ벽ѣѾܳ漣ˡ

Ȼ
ʱȷǱסˣҲû룬ͷҲصˣȴɵ㡭
ǹ֮£ԼϰС˵ԼûлߵģǡԷȡԼ
ǵжԵģȻԼңҲԲçһ硣
ԣûҲˡ
Էû׷ɱңȻҾûпѡʵ˵ˡ
û׷ɱ
еɻŨˡ
Ȼǲܵ飬壬çһѾͬˮĻᣬҲǧټƵĳԷǿߣԲģ
ˣѵԷˣ
Сţ˿֮ǽ͵ָǿĳĶ

ȴǲȷˣҲܰǾҲԷӲܣǡ
ⲻܣçһôӵֱӾͷˡ
ңҲδܹܣҲ˵
Ҳ԰
СҲͷ̧ͷ죬ؼĴܵѹƣҲܵѹƲŶԡ
ǣѾ򣬵ڣҲܹӳʥ۷ʵѡ
йŹ֡
˼Щ˸
Ȼǿû׷ɱԺԺͻƣô˵ǿƺܹ϶֮
㣬Ȼǲ²⣬ȴǾÿԺܴ
ȥһˣ
˼ã˾
ɣ
ͬģһֱӷԡ
ƿΨһϣˣǾԲȥðյġ
ر侳ĻƸǼֹ
֪ǵңǣõĻǿܻ
һɫᶨңǻ𣿡
ʦ̹˵УҿֵĻᶼûУ֣Ҳı䲻ʲô
һɬ˵
⻰ƵɫҲ΢΢һ䣬һ뵽Ǿãȥðա
ֻԱ֮
ɲΪѾҪǰ̽
Ͳţһ϶ˣĻеӡҲܹסƾĿռ츳ܲ⡣
ɲڰ½Ĵռ䣬ˮ
ȻˣǾȥһ̶Ѩ
Ȱ˵ЧСãӦĵȴѾ۸ʲôĴۣҲһҪ÷ȫ
²˳٣ߣ
ĺ˿һ˾
Ҳȥ
һ𣬺ӷ˳
ȻڷѾ̸۵Ļ⣬ȻҲ֪Ҳȥ޻أǣѾļҳѾǣˣֻҪܹǸҲԸ⡣
ȥڻ𣿡
бһۡ
ȻҲãǰСǱܴڵڲʥ۷׾ĺȥĻȥ£
˭ҪȡҺһݣ
ûȥһĿŷơ
Ǿһɣ
ֱ΢΢һƣӦ
Ƿˡ
һ䣬Сһͬŷһͬ϶ȥ


1906 յ
϶ڡ
ʣСǵĳŮ͵϶ڣھп
ʵҲ֤ˣ˻ʸһǿϮ֮ʱŮӸûгǽȫ켫ԺԺҲû⡣
ֻǣǸеϧǣŮȴδκһ¹֣һ㶼˻ˣԲųһε϶˲ԸԳĳ˻ʸɳǿߡ
ǲ֪ġ
϶Ҳˡ
ԭֻҪԱǣڰŮӻ켫ԺԺ֮ȻҪŮ֮顣
ȻŮǵԸ
ǿ
ЦˣǿǾ
ԣֻյ
ǰɱǳּΣǼ϶ӵеľ񣬶Ůһֻǽƻ˶ѣûȡõ϶ץ
ΪηǶأ
϶ǿѹеĲһЦݵĶͤڵİŮ˵
⻰Ů΢΢üƺҲЩã뵽ЩЩ˵дǵ˵ûж⣡
⻰õ϶ݺݵĳ˳飬Ҫƿڴ
Щ֤ʵ˰Ůʵ֮ǽ䵱һǣǵõʲôأ
ŮӸǵҲͱסԼסܹѡ
˵ͷβŮӾûҪǵ˼ƺŮӶҲûʲôøһ
˵ԵɣΪǸΪԣŮӲŶ϶䲻ȡ
ҪǱ϶֪ĻôǽǼһʬβɣ

϶̾һһʹ˵ǣΪһֱѹǣԣѰĹչҲɳȥˣǰ˸Ϯɱˡ
Ŷ
⻰ŮеĶһͣüͷɵ塣
Ȼ϶Աǣȴºġ
ǵνǣȴᵢѰʱڰ
ڶݣ϶ȴ˵

Ů촽´ʱҽѵһپˡ
϶üͷһ塣
ִҪѰĹһ޻صģ
ĻӰŮӿдʱΧ¶ȶǼٵ½ȥõ϶ɵĴһ
á
϶ͷ¶ϲɫ
ֻҪŮӿϳ֣˻ʸǿ߶޻أ
Ҿȥˡ
˵գһһͷ˳⴦Ժ䡣

үүΪҵŮ˾ʲôã
϶˽˷ڣһΪ
˵оͲУȥ⣡
ϵ󴫳ȻȥȴǴһЩ簮ڡ
ΪʲôѵҪѰ඼֪ķ
ڣһ໹ӢӲ޵ŭˬֱӹϣûа֮ɫ϶š
Ϊ϶θĵ̶ܳȿɼһ㣬ֻҪҪģ϶뾡취ΰŮȴǲһԣ⵽˾ܾ
Ȼȴûģ෴ģ϶ľܾǼ֮ġ
ҲһżȻ˰ŮӣʱǾΪˣŮһȣ֣ǰԼľɫŮǧ֮һ
Ǹʱ¶ģһҪõŮŮӡ
Ȼأ
϶ҲЩͷʹƢЩûĺǵ
Ϊ϶վڰŮǰʲôҲûκһϸ΢ľٶܵһǿѹ˵ʲôҪ󣬾˵ҲǵСġ
ҵŮǸãȫ
ûеΣǽԼ뵽ƻ˵˳

϶۾һɣŭǵҾ㣬ٸҴ⣬ҾͽԱңһ겻׼һ
ǻһˣⶼ⣬ǣŮӾԲƿصģһŭǽǳֲĺ
ⲻ϶ܹܵġ
ңѾŮӵϱԼ塭壬ƣһʱŮӽߡ
Ͼ汻Ůνķҵˣˮһգ
顭
һ죬ű߿ŭĳ˳
үү׼ҾƫҪ
뿪⴦Ժ֮صĳһǿ첽һԺȥ
ǰŮڡ


1907 
Ȼ軵ˣǣȴеӵġŮӵĽӴУһֱܵӵȻƾԼĸǾ޷²Ůӵķĵġ

ȻҲɵӣЩ췢϶ڱķзȻܶ˲֪ǰŮģǣȴ
ԣʹñҲǾԲеġ
Сģ
ڿŮԺʱ򣬷һԺмĽڣŶӽе
ү
ӼվϴĵЦݣ񣬻
ô񣡡
İ˰֣Щļ׷ʵ׼Ķ׼ûУ
үԸ飬Сôܵأ
ӺٺһЦּ䣬һСƿǱС
ƿӲҲʹĴָҴСΪ͸ʢһЩ͸ɫҺ塣
ⶫ˵ô飿
Сƿ˹ҡǲҺ壬Щɵʵ
үɱСⶫ
ðž⣬ҽ͵ֶǿǺģֻҪһΣܹͷҰ밮ӡ
ɫˣȿȣҵ˼ǣ˭ֻҪһΣܹĵǴ˵˵oҲ⣡
˵ģ
Ǻܲȷš
ϾŮӵͣҺӣ𲻵еЧǿܻỵ¡
ү֪⣬ﻹһƺ˼ǣɣҲֵסҩԵķ
ӴԼȡֶ˵Ǻһ޶ܵˣһתүţҸԡ
⵹Ǹ⡣
⻰ڲһĨ⣬СģȥѴ÷ҽйƽʱͦΪүүѾߣȻߣԱүһˣ

˸ʮȵţһֻһ˳ȥ
ãԼһʱ䣬ӷ˳ǴĵЦӭȥ
үЧΰ
ԼӵĿ٣ƺҲֲˣǿѹеıģֺõʵ
ȻʥŮɵҩ
һ㣬бһۣǵֺöΪʲôóүÿζҪֽš
ٺ٣ⲻΪүϲǸӺٺһЦа⡣
Ҳǵһΰˡ
Ҳǣ
˼ĵ˵ͷȻСƿ˳¶ȵĹâⶫҵ֮ˣ
ҲһӲүĵġһԣƨ
ȥүү͸ҵƿ¶ҽҪȥͼһݡ
ֹ˵ȥЩļĴߵ
һж׼һ´ţǴһΪܹԵһŮӵЦݣŰŮӵԺȥ
ʱѾҹ䣬ŮɾڿųͤУˮ¹⣬Щ
ڷ裬Ľëˮ촽˸žӨĹ󣬾㣬ǣµ٣ɫգʵ壬һ
ԶӰƮ죬·ףŮ·Ůʤ貨ӣƮݳס
žӨ͸ľգҲ·Уȥ翶׽ʵǳˣòȾ㳾˲ұӣ滨ףƮ˼䣬ףɣųȺɽϱѩŮʤŮ
һĻ棬УʱɵۣվСԺſڣĳ
˭
ӰŮӿдΧ¶ȣǱϢõķһ˹
ᣬֻһ¶ﹲ
æŵĽͣŮǰվүүǰҪԵĽŵĶࡣ
Ҫ
ŮӵĿһۣƺԳһУѾڵĵĮõķĺ

ˣһת˵֪·˸شҪǣܹҲܹùһЩʲôҲ˵أ
䣿
ŮһԵЩն
ףΪԼκμҲûУȴΨһ˵ӣƺ˶Լ˵ǳҪ
ԣǧټƵҪҵӵˡ
ˣһĨ⣬¶˹ȥ


1908 һƬ
ȻСĵα֤ڿŮӵʱ򣬷ԽţľǺˮ
ⶫһָ䣿
ŮӵĿеСƿ棬˫ǳ˸˸˵ԣõ顣

ͷЩ˸ҲȷһĿԣ
Ŷ
˵Ļش𣬰Ůϵɫ΢Ż
Ϊܹ쵽仰١
ˣæСƿӷʯͤڵʯϣȻվһԣͷȥֱӰŮӡ
֪ΪΣŮʲôҲûվǰͻһεģ˵ѹڣƺλߣκ˲Υ־
ⶫһЩĶ
Ů˫ǳƺܹһУֱƿڵҺãǻ˵
⡭
⻰һͲȥڵɫ˸֪Ǻá
ʱҳһ㣬֪ʲôһˣڵȴŮӵһ
Һֶ
ŮӼ˵ţһֻźƣСƿϣ˸˼ɫⶫܲƷ
䤱˵ʲô˫ֲϵĲϵĺˮ
ŮȴȥԹԵƿСƿӵƿǣһƢӿ۾
䡭
ҹУһ貵ĹâͻأıֱȾأͬʱһɼΪֲϫϯ˷Χռ価˺飬ռ䶼ЩŤһо١
һУ˸ķƣС򣬻ƣ̣С
ÿֲĲ
Ƕʧںڰе̻¶૳
ȻԶǣãԼǱըм䣬Իʬ޴棡
ֹС򣬻ƣˣҲһƬͣվԭأ֪Ӧ
ãһۣǿ˶Էڵ𺳡
ȻǰĲѾˡ
Ǹ򣬲϶𣿡С૳һƬɻ
϶ڣ
ƲĿڻҲͷ֮һĨɻ˵ѵ϶ʲô⣿
̹˵Ҵм䣬ֻ·һʼ硣
ȥ
˼ƻǾðա

ǰ϶;УԺ˼ӦԵͷǣ϶ʱǰһУõһĿɿڴþ÷Ӧ
϶½ǰéӴĳ̶ȿ֪ڣǰȴһƬ档
ϸ˵һɿӡ
еһжƽˣеĽеˣΪУһжˡ
ȷ϶
ָŽͨĴӣƶŻʵ
ǧȷ
ĵͷҲȫɻ
һǰܵĴһȴݻˣЩͷԡ
ڷƵĿ⿴СϵʱҲǵͷ
ǰӣƵûаϲã෴ģüͷ૳϶ڸʲô
϶ȻӵлܻƵǿߣǾԲܱģԣе㻳ɣ϶ǲǱתˣ
ֿԻС
ƣС̣ǲ
ⲨЩϤӦþǸġؼЩãƲǿ˵
ǿߣƽĿ⿴
š
Ƶ˵ͷӦþˡ
Ҳ޷ţؼôɱԼǿߡ
ৡ
˵䣬һӰĴ˹΢𾪹־ۼһ
ʣλǰԺδ
һͷվʮǰ棬ŷһʵ̬Ϊ
˻ʸ
ɨһۣǵ˵š
˻ʸ
һ㶣ڷɨãɲȷǰܷ֤ʵ
ô
üͷһ
ȻȷǰһȺ壬ǣȴȷ϶ˣԼߵġ
Ͼ϶Χڡ
˻ʸġ
̷һ֮ͷˣµ˵óһö״Щӡ
ȷǻ
С˵š
Ŷ
˿ȻóԼ壬˻ʸƣλҵĵʦ̡
˽⣬ŵ֪һǶɳ϶Ļ


1909 Ű
ȻЩûмƣǣ֮ȴ
ϾΪ֮
һܵǹǿϢǸ𾪣Ӽ䣬ǿ˶Էڵ𺳡
ʥѧ½ϣƲһսʥ׵ˣתۼʮȥȻѾﵽʥ׵۷壡
õܹأ
룬Ǵţǲпġ
Ͼ˻ʸ壬ֻôܹ࣬һģ壬Ҳ벻˭ܹ˳ˡ
ΪƵݻûȷԣҲûֻǣƣ嫺ȵϢǵ̬ҲǷǳĹ
һֱڼ϶΢к֮󣬷Ʊǿʵ
϶תˣǿǼ鷳飬رӵǿڣ˵һ޴в
ǵģ
ͷӻشţŽµӣڼв⣬Ҳɻ
ϵɫƾ֪Ҳ˽⣬Աʵ϶ûдתƹ

ͷȺʮ˹ͨ˺һᣬٴתͷȻҡҡͷʮ˷ֲڸλЩûп϶дĶ
ûдĶ
üͷһϸɨһʮ֮󣬲ǽĿڻϡ
ʱҲûзʲô쳣ң϶ƺǿ˱أȥҪأûҪǨƵļ󡭡
ϸĻ˵ʱľ֮󣬲µ˵
͹ˣȻûתƣô£
üͷĸ϶ڸʲôԻ
ϾԼܲըˣҲ߯˰ɣ
û˻ش˶һͷˮľ棬˷ѽ⡣
ʮˣҲףԲΪһɵġ
ܸòǱ˰ɣС˵
ܣ
ֱӾͷĿ
ܵǸǿߵǿ޷ţϻܹɱǵǿߵĴڡ
˵ǿߣܻԼĵˣ϶ֻǱѡһĵ˵ɣȴһĨء
̶̵֮ڣȻôδ飬ңԵѾǵƿطΧ
Ҳ˵
ƳûȥʲôϸĴӣãŵԣⱬը϶ڲģԣŽ϶ը죬ʲôҲûʣ¡
ѵ˵϶ңȻĿ
Ҳûпܰ
СҲӹ˻⣬ͷ΢΢˶ڿŵһɺŨѪζ˲˰ֻǨƣô˶Աأ
ˣǰǿĴڣѵûзɣ
ȻҲͬĿǣһ뵽ǻǿߣһͷˮ
һƲɣûеó𰸣෴ģ϶ܱߵһЩȴǳۼ˹ķƵˣǶʱɵɫ䡣
ʶ˻ʸķƣܲ
ϳ˷ƣʱľС
ʲôȻϴνȵĵһˣ
ľøߣҿƲˣôܣ̶̼ʮ꣬ѵѾʥ˲ɣ
Ǿʲôˣʮ̫ܲǿˡ
ɱǣΪ𣡡
ɱ
η壬к˵ģҲз߿ģųǰҪһսֱӾĻ
ɱ
ӷƿ³Χ¶ֱӾ½ࡣ
ȻףЩʵѪҺǣȴѾ϶ϴԣǣֻǻûа洦
һԼ˭ӣ
ŭһҲǴɱ䣬϶ĴкֱײһȷѪ꣬Ĳҽ졣
ͬʱ̣СҲǳ֣֮һصʬ壬ϻȺһֱǵɱ
ɱĺ͸Ӳ˵ˣڷһ֮ǳȺУǰһ˺ѵѪȾȫɷڡ
ʮҲΪǵʵ𾪣ǣ֮ǱҲӦ˹һȺ֣Ҳûֵ˼
ħħ
ü˵϶һȺɱɢӣĶ̱ڵأһƬɫ
ǲ϶ΧľΪܹߵȥ˵һȺ˵ÿһ˶Ǹ߲ʣĴڣûа㷴ֻܱ֮Ű


1910 Ĺ
һ㣬һŰɾ
ֹؼʱ̣û˻ĴΪκһϸСᵼԺִ©
ΪʮİΣҲȥðա
ʱÿһ϶ŨɷϺܸɾ֮⣬ÿһ϶մѪرǺǾǴѪħһɷΧɫȾˣһڻҿңЩηĿ
ΪɱŰһһ˫ڣɱ¾˿ѻħ
ȻܹԼɱ⣬ϴӦǹΪ֮
΢΢ϢûбɱɱǵĺһĨ˼ͬʱҲ˿
Ҫһһ˫н˼ǲҪġ
ڵĺȴ⡣
Щ治֪顣
ƺ˿˵
֮սķѾϰɱ¾ĳ棬ʱûа쳣
Ҳ˵϶ûǨ𣿡һüͷ
ֿҲûС
ƿ˷һۣҡͷ˵
ȻҲԸǻǿʧˣǣĿǰһе˵϶ܲǱ˶ˣ
üģ˼ãоҲ⣬λֵȻȥҸ߶߲κһз紵ݶ֪ҡ

֪ΪΣͷ˾˾ûио㲻ϰߡ
ϾղŻƼ˿ɶƣҲһ˿ͬѰϢ

ȥƲǳĺ˿׼ȥʱɨķȴǷԶĵ΢ЩϤǲȥһԵĻʵǲڤܽ
û
һȻǵ˵ͷ
ڤ죬Զʱ֮ǰʹˣ֮Ҳȥȴûʲôջ
ڤ졭
˿̣ڷԺȴǸֳһ绪Ӱ
Ůӣ
ʵģڤˣڤĹ֮ǰ׵Ļԡɡ֯ڷԾ췣ʱҲȻڵʱƾѾΪ˽ٻˡ
뵽ƾãԼбҪȥڤ쿴٣Ҫ֪Ƿ񰲺á
ȻȥçһҪǳ֡˼֮ǶԻ˵
㲻һȥ
һЩʵ
ڷƵĴǲߵĻǿǺ׳⡣
ԣҲü΢
ǴڵξҪƵİȫ۷塣
Ҫȥһڤ졣
ΪǷģ˵ģСڣ㲻ͣûģңѾǰǸˡ
ٴڻǰ֣СЩԹƳŷơ
ȴǱһ֣ȥ϶ҪЦ󷽡
뵽确ơּƷ֣ãԼҪңȻǲûˡ
ǷСġ
ŹֵƳһС֮󣬻ҲûŤŤ󣬳ŷƵ˵ͷ֮󣬱̣һͬʥѧȥ
Ǳȥ򣬷һпܻᷢıʣΪֽŵʱΣκһпܻᵼ³ǧⲻҡ
߰ɡ
ǵӰʧʣƶߵСһ䣬ǳڤȥ
϶ڤҲûжԶʱ֮󣬷Ʊڤڡ
ɫҺƵһĨɫվԶͷҲصĴڤڡ
ǽ뵽ڣֵĸо
ôе㲻ԣ
ΧȻЩԣǣԼȴҲ˵
䵭˺ܶࡣ
С˳˵š
䵭ˣ
һ΢ĸоС˵ûڤڵƺû֮ǰôŨˡ
ѵʲô£
ûԥֱӱǳϴ˫֮ȥ
˰ҹϵѾˣ˫֮صȺ˼ʱ֮󣬱ӭ
ˡ
һһ˫³貹𽥵Ĺһ˸λðĹţãǴ˵еţȥ
ΪļҪ֪ʲôʣƸûȥעЩֱӱ˹֮ڡ
ΪѾһΣԣ˵Ҳ·ɽ֣úӡĹǰ
ǰһĻ÷һΪĴžȻˣ


1911 ˷
ӣ̦ܶȥǱķϵĹϹҲûʲôܴĳ֮
ٽˣƵĽŲȥֻǹڵľڴʱҲɵļӿ죬Ľ¶˳
ȷǽˡ
һ棬ԸŮӵģһ棬ֲ֪ʲôȥ
ѵķ
δе̫ǣǿˡ
ȻŮӵȷǾ˫ʸ˫ȹɫŮһȶҪѷһ
ɼŮӵѾĳףȫǷ֮ˡ
ؼνĻô϶һλ·Ů
ҲǵһۿƵԵʣҲ֮ʱܵĽӴϿ˷ƣƵԼˣԼķǣ֮Σ
ԴʱҲ֪ʲô̬ȥ԰Ůӡ
Ѿ˹ſڣɵͷƺûǸȥԣȻȴһ
Ϊĸ֪Χ֮ڣûаŮӵϢ
̧ͷĿֱ˹֮ǿڰ֮ڡ
һˣ
餾Ȼǿյģ
һƬȻһ㣬˰¹Աߡ
ˣ
ĹûˣھȻ¶ҵɫ
СҲðɨӣӺߺߵ嶯ƺΧζãͣ¡
Ѿ뿪ܳһʱˡ
ƳһЩҵڹҴܵķһۣѵ
뿪ˣ
⻰ͣüͷʵ˼ѾˣȻԼ뿪ˣ
û
ֱ£С϶ĵ˵ͷȻ˵ϢѾܵˣ뿪Ҳаˡ
ꣿ
Ƶüͷĸˣ¶ǡ
ȻϴΰŮ¶˾ǿʵǣڿϵ췣Уȴܵش˳ߵС
÷޷϶Ƿʵڡ
ʵΪǴζܵӰĻʱһ˵߳ȥˣǻΣգ
ң϶кܶ˿ɫ
뵽ЩƸ顣
Уҵȥ
˵ţǵײײĳŴȥ
ȥҰСĵѵ
ģһҪҵ
ҧ촽ȴ˸
ˣ굱лжٱʵĵҲǻᷢʲôҲڷˡ
ϢܹŹ֣ھҰڣҲҲ
СҲĸͷʹڵķƺЩʧȥǣȫûѵͷȥжڵ顣
ң

⻰Ȼͣ£һȭֱǰһŴϣ޴ķ飬ľм׷ɡ
Ӧڤŵģ
ЩʹץԼͷ˻ţ¶һѪ˿
ֻҪǲһ˹ôŮӳ֣ͿԽʥѧ֮ڣҲͲڵ鷢ˡ
Ȼȴˣδ֪

СһԿţҲ֪ȥοźá
ŷôãȻظ飬ǰŮΪ£ôпܻھһӡ
ԸҪ°СҲֻˡ
ΪԶʱڣ֮ȴŶ룬ʱȻҲҵ˫֮أȴûǰɣԣڵһУǺ˽⡣
ǣ֮˵ڤڵһλϵĴڡ
֮˿ޣȻڤ˵ݾԷͬ죬һܹġ
С룬ģҲһλ
ڼŮ֮ҲйָоŮȴûаƺһжһͿһǡ
ֻǣƾش򣬻ܹೣ޷顣
ϾڤһλĻǿһëܹնɱoĴڣ
ֻǣСĵǣЩƺҲûдаŮľٶȻӦþ߷ƲŶԡ
Ͼϴڤ¼ҲǴķзаŮӱӻȻҲ֪顣
ôѾ뿪˰꣬ȴûκγ¼Ƿ˵ʧȥԭеĳأ
ǵĻô
޷ȥ
ȵȣ
ͻأģԾһתͬѰ顭϶
϶ӵһλǿߣԺԺлλoһУ϶Ӧеʵ
뵽ˣߣȥ϶
СһαȥֱӾͳȥ
Ȼ֪ʲô£ǽȥ


1912 
ĳ۵Ľ䣬һСԺɽ£ôĲۣȥɽҰԷסĵط
һµŮӱ۾ڣüͷ΢΢
ȻаѾ¶ļ󣬴аѾϣǣȴһֱδӦаϢ
˵а׽ˣϾʮ棬ҲһŮӣԣаϢΪϤġ
һһȥǶԴ󴦴ƣڸأѾ¼ڴָȥʱЩҲѾ֮ززֻ¼ƵĴ
˵Ȼֲܹ㣬ǣǿߵȴǴȱݡ
ԣÿһ죬Ҫʮеľݵ㣬صľݵҲƵƵܵϮ
Ů֪˹Ϊ֮ΪģҪԼ档
Ƿǰֱܻӳ֣ɨƽЩƴǣϴϣǾߺǿߣȴ޷
ǾǲԼĴڡ
ԣðա
ȻΪĴãҲõսأһЩһһţ۸Ϊˡ
ǣŮడǰֻܿڣȴܹǿռΪС
һε¼һ֤νŮǾǿġ
νǳҲŮҲŮ

Ϣ
ͻأģŮ۾˵⣬һ˲ʧԭء
ٴγֵʱѾڰ½
ڸ߿֮ϣŮӱ۾ϸĸӦΧؼ
ʧˣ
ã۾һƬãȻ
ȻڷӦһϤǿҲǣֲȴתۼţȻܹģĸӦǣȴȷ
ô£
ŮھãȻ૳ȻѾˣΪβ£ѵǶ̫ʧ𣿡
ھҲ
Ҫһܹȴڵȴû뵽ľ档
ǴٲǿƱĻôҲֻЩһһسˡ
ȻܹԱǣʧȥȿʸ
󣬺ŮĴѰһûа
򣿡
ɨΧã΢΢
壬뵽˻µһˡơ
ǿν޵ļһ
һ죬һ˵ģ
ŮӲ޵ߣĿ⿴ʥѧڵķ
ţзƵĳ֣϶֮ôһҲԼҲ˵
Ϊλ򣿡󲻽顣
˵壬ǰ½ǿǰУų壬ǲ֮
Ҳٴγ֡
ŮӲûм̷һ徲֮أĿڤ롣
䡭
һǿҵĲͻأĴضڲţֱӾ;˺Ůӡ
Ϣ
ӿֳһĨȵļûκԥģƿռ䣬ֱӱǳŲĵصȥ

ռ䱻Ůӳڰ֮ϡ
·һ׵ӣΧѾΧ˲ˣĳ֣Ǿҽ֮Χס
ǺˣȺ֮һźϢߺʡ
Ů¶Ϣľľٶ
ŮȴûǣֻǵƳһۣǿŽµһֻСһһǳӵıԵش
ڵϣȫΧЩ˵ĸܣӦӱԵĲ
Ϣ
Ů۾ھǼɫ
ʲôѵһģ
⻰ΧΧŵЩȴ˽⵽ݻˣƺŮѲĹϵ
ϣɱ渮𣡡
ҲǣʱһӵϣɱڵĳŮӡ

ŮӵͳһȻѡɱǣǾЩɣ
˵գһɫĲߣȺӶ֮һȷѪ꣬ĲҽؼصϢ
Ϊ󱻴ѹûеطйʱǺ飬һ䴩ո
ڷƸСٴηص϶ʱ򣬱ǿһĻ

ֻһۣƱϳ˺ŮӣͬʱŮҲĴڡ


1913 в
䡭
һ޴ը죬ؼһƬãã˿ǰùâɢȥΧһȺ϶ˣǱըʬ޴档
Ŵڻ߳ĺŮӣƵ΢΢ΪĿ
ףΪΪˣŮӻ϶˷ͻǣãǰŮ˶ԼкøС
벻㾹ȻҴǹ治
ǰķƣŮ΢΢ƲƲһĨϷʵĻȡ
ǷһֱʥѧȻûܹôǣʥѧǿɾͲһˡ
ߣ
΢΢һߣϵϢҲʼ
һԣСҲǰǺŮӳϮ϶赲
ΪڵΪܹƥˣ
ŮӵСɨƤ΢΢һȻֱŷƣų˵
ȻѾѷƵǺ϶һˣΪƼʱΪġ
ᣬǵŭ֣벻ʲôɶһ֡
СͷС޵ϣȴĸоһļµĲԲû
Ϊ壿
ĳʵ
Ǵ뵽ڵľǶǻԵģԣҲɱģҪŮ
֮ȥã
Ůüͷһһǿ޷ݵɢΧĿռ䶼һĴѣڵռڣҲһˮư
໺𣡡
Сһһμٵ̣Ǳһͷ޴Сɽľޡ
ͷ㣬ǿɢסĳ˫мɢһװ񷢲·ؾ飬ɽ㵹ӰһжΪƽأȥ
ߺˣɣ
Ů΢΢ʵ
һֱǣǾߺǿߣڣСϣܵͬϢ
Ǵ˹ܵĻ鶼Ҫ𣿡
Сװؼը죬Բ֮ڣ޾ڵأɪɪĤԼo
浱й˼𣿡Ů΢΢
ǲŭλЩϰ֣ԣһжûκκøС
ٺ٣м
СȴΪһЦΪԵá
˵Ҳ巢չʱԣȻƾй㣬ô˵ҲܹؼռһϯԼĵλҪ衣
ߣ
ŮӲ޵ĺһһöͨӱǳУհҫۣʱΧĿռƺͷˮţ¶Ҳٵ·ĴһƬڣľȼ˹˿ռ䣬С
𣡡
һɽӣС̧ޣ쳤ХһӴƾϯأ嫺ڷڣסǹˡ
̡
ͨ쳹صը쳹ؼ䣬һɹХĳ˷ϯݻһУƽȫĩ١
Ĵ󶯾Ȼע⣬˴ԶңңĹۿߵĶ̬ǿ֮󣬶Ŀɿڴ˵
Ǹ޷ؼ侹ȻǿĴڣǿ󣬾Ҳ㷴֮
ѵǡ𣿣
һƬȻڲţ˶ǹȥڶĤݡ
϶ܲȻΪƽˡ
Щ˾ŵĿһС
϶ɳǳ޸ĸ֮ĵһ䣬ϣԽ˻ʸ
Ȼһ֮䣬Ȼˡ
Ǹˡ
ЩӵͫˣѾ˳СŮսķƣʱͫײɵһ
˵ֻҪȥϴʥѧ½ȵˣ޷ǷƣԣЩϳ˷Ƶݡ
˻ʸһֱ˻ʸҪ϶֣벻ȻĿʼˡ
õһЩг˿ֻţر϶ˣǲЩѾںˡȻߡ
ŮˣҪֵʲôʱ򣿣
սΧܵ˻ԵĴһƬߣСŭڣŲȥȥǴ󣡡
ң
⻰ŮӲͣŭС
ڵǲСȥ֣˭ֹܹ
ؼ仹û񲻸£
Сĺؼصţġ


1914 Ը

䣬ܹΪֻһǾ֮
ڵ꣬࣬ʵһ֮ϣӵԶѪľޣҲҪ
ŮԾͲǺһʱڵˣԣСҲǺ˽⣬ǣԶЩˣȴ𾪵վԭأĿɿڴĿһС
ΪôĴڣ
ȻԳ񣿣
˶ǾɲĿͷͷľޣʱȴûܹȷ
Ͼֻڴ˵УңԶʢĩڣҲ֮ͬʱʧôٴγأ
ĳ֣˵֮
ٴοƵʱеɫһЩı䡭
ƿνǴһ½ϣ϶壬壬֮ǰ˻ɹݣֻǣȴΪڵ׼Զȷѡ
ôݲܹʵˡ
֣֮ͬǴ弴ʢ𡭡
֮зĻ᣿
ΪŮ洹Ψһ壬ܶҪūۣ
룬Ƕ˵ôһκڰʱڡ
֮Ǻڰеһƣ壬۷壬Ӵܹ֮
˵֮񣬾ΪرĴڣÿһ֮ҲǱڴ磬֮

ôұضشݻ٣ŮŭСҧгݵĺǳ
СͣѾʶˣҪʤһΪ޼ɵĴƻս֣ȴû뵽Сһ
СĲ紺飬ôǸڴĴѩ˪
룬˭ֹܹСĽŲ
ԼҲУ
ߣ
СƵһߣǿ³ҲǲƵĶ˫ͭڣɱ磬ȻҲ֪Ϊ壬ǣҲףôҲ㴺󲻵ð
ֱ˫Ůԥá
֪С򲢲˵ѣȥ˫ûкô󣬿϶ܾˡ
ɨܣҪҵ䣬ȴǷãã˺糱Ҫô˵ҳһڵ졣
ңܹܿҵģ
Ҳ̫ʧ˰ɣ
ԳЦЦȴҲκƻҵѪӽ쿪ʼ
뵽˴ĿһСƣ󣬻һɫļ磬ʧʡ
֮ںŮӷ֮󣬴һ֮ǰãһڸʮƵһ֮ŶƽأһֵķˣֶΣľ
Ȼڴʼʱ򣬸ضƽϢ̽ԵҲͣЩѡûκεľٶ
˶Ҫ֪ĵ̾ʲôϾδ֪Ķµģ֪֪׵ĵˣźöԸ
ԣڴûȫ֮ǰû˸
õ磬ٴ뵽һֽȴֹķΧС


ĺŮȥƲ˿һĨء
ԭΪ֮ﶼȥڣڼʶСŮӵĴ֣֮ԼôСôı΢
벽ۣ벽£
ԭѾΪķƣµĿꡣ
벽۾磡
ؼһûб֮ǰ벽ۣؼߡ
ԸϣԸ⽫Լ˷ڱУС򣬻ƣǿҲɻⷢ
ߣ
ɨһΧȺһۣüͷ΢΢һ
ȵȡ
С˵Сȴǽס
ô
ЩĿ
㲻Ҫڤ𣿡
СֱԺõ΢΢һ
ģ
ƶʱЩ׷ʵ
϶ڤҲǺԶؼ䣬ܹܻƵˣҲడ
Сѵ
⡭
һʱЩ˸˼϶ڵλǿߣ
ûֿܡ
СţڤǵǿһֱĬĬţʵһʯ쾪
ৣ
Ƹûаԥֱӱǳ϶ܲǸλȥ
ʱ˿̣ûҪȥ԰ŮӣֻţҪҵ


1915 
֮£һײһƬڣȵϯȻֻѾͨ˵ص
СѣҲãԽԽпܡ
ϾŮӼȫʧֻҪһЩСĻпܾͽƭ
϶Χǿڤ죬ǼӴֿԡ
С˵ģϣҪ׻ܻƣûз֮ǿߣûж١
ڤˣŮӣпܾһ
Ͼǿ֮񶼿֮ΪΰĴڡ
Խӣ¶ȾԽߣΧѾ˳ҽڣ¶֮ߣõΧĿռ䶼ĳʵʵŤ
ЩȫȻˣһ˫ͫһƬϾɨܣѰżϤǵӰ

صҽĶţһƬɫû
ſڣҪߺȴȻķ֣Լ֪ҪôƺŮӲźãƬҽѰ
ûˡ
ܹͫΧǧ￴ȴûзаŮӵټʱüͷɵһǽĿƷԼµҺ֮ϡ
ͨ
ûκԥģֱӱһƬҺС
̫˰ɣһǱǰ벽۾ģѵûصĽ
ɨŵľС𾪵૳ڣȴǻһĨŨŨɻ
˵ؼδƣκ˶޷õ۾ϵŮҲŶԣ
ǰⳡѾʥף벽۸еܣ
ģǾʹԴݻˣ
ɽ磬Ľ磬޽磬ǶͨӰ½ϷָأɵµĿռ䡣
ΪǷƻ⣬ҲҽС
ҽ¶ȣǵصڵĿ³̶ȣѾˡ
˵ĵĺĲλǾǴۣoںпܶᱻٳɻҽ
ԣСҲͦǷƻһͷȵĳȥʱ򣬾壬Ҳʬ޴ġ
ڣһƬ죬˸ºͺɫƺûɫ
ûûС
ȻѰһΧûпŮټʱ򣬷ƵЩȶˣЩ겻
ԣһֱ룬룬롭
ѾյһΧĿռ䶼ڵĳʵʰŤڷʱ϶ǳܵһǿѹ½ѹڼͷһѹշĹһ֨졣
òͣͫɨΧȴûҵŮӵټ
ѵܵģܾô䡭
ƾҵҡͷ𽥵ģĿ˸ʵӦǽĸ˰ɣ
У
ʱСǰ棬ֹĽŲ
ÿ
ƴʱƺܱ꣬ͺ
ৣ
СҲûʲôֱӾŷƳҽ
ƿܻ᲻ҲĿŷȥ

ſһʯϣƴڵĴϢţϵĹһ죬𽥵Ĳǻָ
Ϊʲô
۾һֱС
Եĺܲ˽⡣
СյĶͷǽ͵ģ½oҲᱻշ飬ڽȥ϶ɥġ
Ŷ
üͷ΢΢һҲΪҽƽ
¶ȵУᱩ꣬ǺģͬʱҲãԼȷأЩ³çˡ
˼𣿡
ŮӼȻܹǰǿݻ϶ôпܣѾ뿪
ҷ֣ʹõ̶ȣѾ˰벽۵ĳ̶ȡ
Сĺ˿д΢΢
ʲôɻʵ
ʱѾиأԣпƿ˿ռ϶һռڡ
С򲹳ŷƲ֪ĳʶɽ磬½½֮Ӱ½иȥġ
ڻģɽ磿½
֮󣬷ƽŵ΢ķɣ٣ŮӲΣա
ң϶¼Ҳ֤ŮӲô۸ģһľԻǻ
ҾͲ֪ˣֻҪڷԸȥԸ쳣¼йעţֻҪٴγ֣ܹҵˡ
Сʼ磬ЩԹİ˷һۡ
û԰ԼΪãȴ⵽Թڰ


1916 ڼ
СĻڷҲ
϶¼ȥڤ죬ھѾܹŮˡ
ͷĺˣ£ҲµġСƺߺߵ˵š
ȿȡ
ԼʧҲоΣ˽Сһ̬˵Σлˡ
ߺߡ
С򱳹ͷȥţ졣
ˣ߰ɡ
ӣҲЩҲסֱɳӡ
˳ˡ
Сڸ߿գΧǴһ󾪺
ΪСһ𣬿ǱЩ˶УУ˶֪ˡ
СôƵаٷ֮ʮĿԻǡ֮
ԣƵӣ붼硣
ЩƶУûиоƮƮȻ෴ģоһɳصΣѹļͷ
Ϊһ˫˫ڣЩ˶ڴǵ죬ǵľ֧
˵Уܻһϣλ֮еϣϣ
˻ʸƣ
ſڣף쳹Ұ˻ģΧѹȥĿ֮Ǽ˵ֽ˻ʸѾʵ϶年ᣬͼ桭
ʲô϶年᣿
һһըһʱǧǵڶһĲš
Ͼ϶϶oԶʱڿҲΪ˺ܴ׵o֮һĺᱳ壬޷Ҳ޷ܡ
Һź϶Ѿ֮ʴң˸֮λ϶ĵϵȫɱԼţԣЩ굱У֪ģ϶һֱ뷽跨Ҫȡ˻ʸӶʥѧ
Ϊ˲ɴģĻңƽ๫ڡ
˴뵽ʥѧС
ֻ룬˾;ò
ôһ죬ͻϢ֮䱻ɾ
ƾʲô˵ģֻ˻ʸ϶һڶѣһ죬ǵġ
ȺУЩҲһ˵Ĺ
ȷҲп˻ʸų켺Ľڶѣԣ˸˾ɲĿơ
ʱȴ侲ĶС˵ͷ
ٺ٣Ұɣ
С˸žӨ⣬ûбֻһֻǰ壬΢΢һգʱ·ʮɼڿն𡭡
ſҡſҡ
ǸʲôɱҸǣҲ£
˻ʸɱˣ˻ʸɱˡ
ʮţţͼ·˵ĿֻţһͬԸƣʧǣʮˣȴûһֵģһֱڵȴЩʲôǺʧΪΡ
Ƿɻǲǵ
ǹһĨЦüͷһ
ߣ˻ʸΪһµģ
Ҫһ죬Ҹ㣬㲻к³ġ
αӣСˡ
⼸ʮ˻Ӳֲá·ˣȴ˶һЩʲô
վ塣
ƵͳһȴõɵһȻȻ벻Ŀ£Ǽ˵Ϊǲ֮ľٶģԣķȻܶԣǣܿϧҴˣ
⻰ڿ·һ˫˫ӣͻأĲǾѣԼƺһ£
Ǿǣ͹֮ڵҪԣ
ˣĺҲ쵽ͷˣãçһĴͽʱضʬҰ嶼ᱻ
ڷǻüֻҪԸ齵ߣ㲻Ժٲʢ
ѾĻˡ
Ѿ¶ˣҲ˲ʲôУвһжҪ·ǼҲĿġ
ʲôçһ壿
ǵĻҲһЧڶӿֳֻŵɫ
Ͼ˵壬һǸ߲ʵĴڣھȻԸ壬Ҵ棿
ɱ
ӷƿ³䣬Сǰ΢΢һѹʮֱ̽ӱѹʬ޴棬ֻһ̲Ѫȥ
ɨܣڵĿֻţܹ쵽ǵ̾Ϣǣȴǡ
ǿߵη壬Ѿǵ굱УϾçһϣǷҲΪ֮ͷʹ飬˵Щͨˡ


1917 ʥ
ңƣһ֮壬֤һᾡӻ壬ң
Ƶ쳹ؼ䣬þòϢ
ǷƵһιԼΪ֮壬ķҲͬһ㣬Ǽ򵥵һ仰ֱӾͻ·ڵĵ׵ļ顣
ݼ֮
һ˹ȥţϵȺһ㣬ȫȥ
ɫϣĤԼеoһǵĿֻ벻ȫϣ뼤
ֻҪŽһ£ûʲôǲܰ쵽ģ
ȻѾȥǣ˵ĻȴЩ˵Уõ˹㷺Ĵɢļ죬ڶ̶̼ڣǴ顣
ȻçһǣΪÿһ˶Էλ֮ģ
Ϊÿһ֮ûʧ
֮֮һˣڤ֮λĹ⻷ҲԵ޹⡣
˻ʸҲûڰϵս£ͬʱҲ󣬷ʽ˻ʸ֮λ
Щ죬ڣظ裬ףصǰ۷壡
˵һƾȻçһǿߣȡҫõһﶼˮݺᡣ
˶֪һУѾдˣܹӮһսôܹ֮ӵаߵš
ʱûԸϺȣĦȭƣҪдһԼ
ʱ£һġ
Ǳ߲֪֪᲻ᱻѪǶѪȻУ˭˭ܲˡ
ʱأڸϻ½
ۺʱεأöҫڷУԶռһء
뵱һ¶꣬һһĳɳĥѣٴۣĳɾ͡
ɾԼһ˶Ϊһ·λ֪㣬ǣϣǰĶ
߶ǻ𣿡
뵽еλޣƵǼھΡ
Ѿȥôãһֱæûؼ̽Ȼλ޴δԼйԹԣǣȴ֪λԼԸæңԲѹеί
ʣ¼ĸŮӲϣԼķϦദ
뵽ЩƵĸһµٶҲˡ

Ȼǻȥһ½ңƵĸأǣʱںɽУЩҪˡ
λȨأΣǾͲΣʵ޷ģҲ֣ƶ
⼸ʮڣ־εˣûλҲλ֮ˣԣ䣬ֱΪʥɡ
ǵУɣ覵ģɣһжõĻ룬ԡɡɼǶѾĸز
ˡ
һмĴ͹һλòɣˮϴһĨЦݵŮӣĸͬ£˳
ʥҽˡ
ڵһ˷Ů֮һ󣬼ľǴдȫ¡
ú󣬽ǵҩʦǱΧˮйͨ
Ϊ˶֪λʥɿΰټǶ־֢Ҳҵ˽İ취ģҲܹѹ֢״ɢ
ߣǾΪڴŵλʥɿǾޱȣ˴˵еɣòŮԣĽˣǲ֪ж١
λעˣÿҪβܹҪʥɵʱ䡭
ҩʦˣͷ󺹵άΪڶʥɵ𾴣ӵӵǣɴҩʦſڣһһֱӵͷ㹻˲ߵĵ·
õĹﰡĵת
һλŹȣΡΡ߳ģһֱţ߳ûԶȻ֣Լһֱò˫ϾȻһɹůʱǸоԼ˫ǳǲùȣҲܹˡ
һ֮£ȻȻſȣԭ˼֮΢Ϥܹ֮һˡ
һʱڣȺиǱľ̾޵ĴõվڲԶķҲЦ档
ԼλǺ˽⣬֪вһȻںɽ磬ⲻƸĵ˽ǣҲһĻ
ûߵõϵļЦݣƵҲƺҲܵĳָȾ


1918 
ʥɣĸң̬ӯоֹׯšڷᣬĿΣһһЦ֮¶һ˵ķϡһ京ŵĵ޶ףʥϢ
ƽ㶯ů紵˵˵ңһħܹϵĲʹĽơ
βģ
Ȼҩʦǣ㻹ġ
һֹϵˣһˣͬһֲȥģ϶ֹϵˡ
ûҽΣѾ˻ߵ飬ƷȻ±롣
һֱЦݣһȪЩߵļ䣬ɢʣһǴЦݣŸжġ
ʲô˸жʣǾģ뿪ǰĵزˣҲ˺ܴĸı䡣
ɨܣ۲Щ˵ΪֹȻķ֣⾹ȻгĻ档
ƺÿһ˶ƣҲûмֺˣԾ·Щߵõơ
һĻõķƸдĿͣϡ
һУƺģĵرκ˶ҪΪ˱˶Լ
ڣԭ԰ĵĴڷ帣ǣȴѡͿ౼
Ȼ࣬ȴǵõ˻ر½Ǻɽ磬ʥɣΪһˣ

ϸĹ۲һ֮󣬷Ƶͫײɵһ֮ڣӿֳһĨ˼ɫ
ʥپ硭
ãŴ˿ڴŲĻ˵
޷ţںɽֵطǼʮ꣬Ȼֵزڰ½綼ܹ
ȻһûаѾϵˣȻ˾󲿷飬Ǻܹ죿
޷ֽһʲôľڵĽ٣߽٣ܹԼ
ĵײⲻǲܵ顣
ֻǣͲƺֻԾȼģӶҩʦһ
СҲ˳תžӨ⣬ɻҲв⣬Ī𺳡
ʶһʼҲûƽŮӣңҲΪҵӵһŴȱ֮һЦ顣
Ȼȴûϵ֮ĳɳȴ֮⡣
ְǷǳͨʣΪλΪ츳СԴҲ벻ףҲֻա
ƣվһԣûȥһֱһһΪ֮ԣУϹһĨǳǳĻȡ
ֱϦ£ڼûκ˵£ӵҩʦſڵȺڣԾɢȥ
ǱԼĿеʥ㹻Ϣʱ䣬ŲὫۿ塣
һ
ǰĻǧл뿪֮ͷҲûֱ̧ӻ̧ͷ֮ȴǿһĿ˼ѾõӰԼǰԼ΢Ц
֪ΪΣͻȻñģˮڣӿֳһ㱡ˮֱ˽ǸѾõĻС
û˵ֻǽıŴȵʪУΪ֮촽ЩĿĶߣ૵ˣҲ뿪ˡ
Ѿ߱Ա֮ؼ䣬ǰ벽۾磬ٿв
ԣ԰ĵʥѧӦһˡ
𣿡
̧ͷڴˮڴĿ
ɵϣʲôʱ˵ٻ
۵СƣСĲϵˮģƺ̫˼һ
ϸ壬õۺɫߺ죬ͷȥȥֱ˫ӡ
ô˻ޱӣ
ߣ΢΢һǳǳĻȣţõǲĴš
ֻȴõĳе¶޳ܵɫǽеļ§
ӵԼĽޣãԼѾӵȫ˿̣ǳƽ
ãɫ£ƴһҰУϵǳϴһĨҸЦݣƺڵһоѾ㡣
Ļ£ƻĽԼ뿪֮ΪŵĵЩյڡ
ԣڱص½
ǰСſƸ˳ķ˿ǴǳЦ˵һȥ𣿡
š
˼˵ͷ


1919 
Ȥǰ½磬ƺЩط
õķЩͷʹ̫Ѩ
Լλ޵ĳôˮȵˡ
ɲǺɽ磬Ϊֹϵԭ򣬺ɽҶ
Ȼڰ½磬ǾͲһˣͨϣһ֣Щ߸ϵҲԲôһӰش˴ڣ
Ͼ˵вʵ̫ˡ
ȴֲȥ˺ǿŴϾĴȱ֮ġ
Сɵϣˡ
ǵǣ簮˵š
ֻȥЩطߵĵͷȥ૳

̾һ֪ѾȰ˵ЧֻǣΪȴǲ⣬ѿʵľôô죿
磿
ҲһƬãȻҡҡͷ˵Ҳܹܵĵҵľһֱ
ʲô
ĿɿڴĿźϼ䣬ȴ˵
һֱܹоõٶȣǶôľˣ
ϢǴȥض¡
Ƴ׵ˣȫƴƴһ˿˿Լλ޵ãʲôҲûžܹٽ
˱ˣ˰
ҲģǣҿƲˡ
죬Щί˵ţõķݺݵĳ˳顣
ʱȥҿ鶹ײˣ
Լٻߵ˽죬ΪٵʱԼľ磬һֱıԵϡ
ȻȴΪƲ˾ա
̧ͷϵ£ھˮ
찡̫ƽˣ

״ǵǵĿȴǱ͵ĵͷֱӱסһ˫Ө촽
һǳ˺ܾãķɿʱѾ糺죬õԭȥʥŮȥһ޵ջ
ˡ
Ƶתõһոˣ˫ˮĽëڲƣ޶ˣķƺɵļǿɫ
ৣ
һ΢ƿݵϵʧȥټ

ȻԼԼҲ˽⣬ƺؼĳִͨΪʱ̵ڷʵɷˡ
ԣҲɳʵס
Ǹǻǻ㲻
ȴǻɣǷΪǿŴĴȱ֮ģԣӵ
ڶ죬峿źߵӷ˳ҩʦ˽һ֮󣬱Ǵϻ½
ڣҿǵ֮½ȴûЩ˳ݺ顣
һϸԼӵܣ׼ˣΥ߻ᱻֱ塣ңǳߣǹؼʱ̣Ҳױ¶ԼݣȻ𲻵Чˡ
ԣһҶ½ҲǼãûڸûԹԡ
һ·ϣŷҵķչ״ϾЦݣҲϵĵͷ
ڽػһ֮бһúгĳΣãǰ½ʵвȥĻô½ɽ磬Եĵһվ
ر鵽ֺг֮󣬷ƸǾÿС
ྺչȻûдǣڶΪػԼļ԰ܶǸã
ֻе¸صˣܹܵڵ𾴣ľ棬ǿΪΪʳ
ӵǿ˲ȥӻЩСˣԼͬΪ֣޻ʲô𣿣
Ʋûоκˣֱӻص˷ҴӪӹȡ
һֱߣصĿ£ѾǰǸı˪Ů񣬴ʱһŹ㣬ֹ󷽵壬Ҳֹۿʡ
ڷƼʱվΪشżϱ֮䲻ϵĴֵЦ
ܰһĻõķһůӿĪĸж
ס
֣С˹ȥõؿ˹
һۣرǷķƣ΢ֱӱվĺƶ
ҲͬˣȻɻǸ

æӭȥסأٴϣȻ󹧹ǰ£Тίˡ
ûίԶϱţÿ춼ĺܿģʲôί
һᣬһ߻Լϱ


1920 ų쳣
صȷûʲôģÿģΨһźǣԼĶδ
ԣԸϣԼĶܹƽƽġ
Ժƶһֱ
һ߶üĿ飬һСһ˵ţģ𣬷ֻһѰСѡ
𣿡
ЩϲĿץ˫֣ƺ·ſƾͻӵһ
ƶʲôʱƭأ
˽ŵķӦһᣬ֤š
̫ˡ
ش֣ڷż⡣
һ֮Ƿ֣ƺһ˻ģ磬СΣ˶ûлǿʵҵСأôû
СοŮЩҲǸСһģƻȻû϶ʱһ㱡ŭ
ǣܻҪһʱܹӣڨڨ˵š
СԼҪһߣǾԲ˵ġ
ڣ磬СŮѾӵ㹻ˣֻҪʱʥ۷壬ǿԹˡ
ֻǣȴûйҲ֪ȥ
̾Բ˷ʱ飬пܣ֮غ⣬ĺôпܳڰ
Ȼ̿϶ʥˡ
İΣҲǷģϾ̵ͣôһС¿Ѳ
ţ´ֵʱ򣬾ԻԼһľϲ
ҿСζ϶ڳԿࡣƳһۣһ˵š
СζѾСˣڵѾˣҲˣ´μ棬ܶϲˡ
Ȱοţ˵СεڰڣɶСΣȻҿɻҪϼʮϰܳء
ȴһʵûСΣҪڰڴģɱ飬ǲܵ顣
Сڣɱķѵʱ䣬ǽԼ
ҵСζô˰
ΪпԴҲܾᡣ
ԼСųȥԼⱦҲز
ƱǼһЩȤ齲ֲֹԺڶЦ
ֱҹ糾Ҳûлؽ뵽Ժڵһƫռơ
߶
ǰɬСұߣҲǵԲ۾ǰȥӵ˵
ߡ
һĻ˲䣬ǰĹϱһȣˣķӶҪɳˡ
תδҲ̫һ˰ɣ
͡
ɵ߲Щ̲סЦ
߶
̬ȺתƲǼ˹һʹ
ദôãߵĸˣȥİӰħʥŮĳȴǺԼں˵ʱ
ȻҲᱻƻˡ

һֱԼϴյĴ죬ɱһ˿֣Э
߶ѵ㶼𣿡
һƤģĵķſһݵʵƺЩ
û
߰һֱۣͳԼķȥһصķվԭء
һƭƭСŮУɲһס
ֻصʱȴǷĳѾǰһڣңһŹϣȻһסǾС졣
ҰСã˴ǵУԸĨͷʣ£Ӷ£ڶ߳ŵʱ·Щȡ
ԴˣĳȴǵЦĺòġ
˭ֻСñƵ֮󣬾ȻٴƵ˴ǣӣۻԼ˰ɣ
ʺ簲֮󣬷ƱǸǡ
ȻҵΧԽԽ󣬵ǣʵҲûжҪ峤糾ȥģҲںͺɽʱǩЭˡ
ڣ糾ûؼң˵ˡ
ǰ½ĸųͻأĲӵص֮³һ⣬֮ϣγһתĺڶ
ȴתۼţûзһңһϸĵ飬Ҳûκνͷ
ֿǵƵĶųҪڣһڸ߲㣬Ϊ¶
̽ųûκ쳣
üģɫΪա
ƽȹô꣬ڹųǳ䣬Ҳ֪Ǻ»ǻ£ֲ֮أһ֣ͻƻеľ档


1921 ߲
½йųͻأĲ춯Ϊڴ½۵⣬û֪ʲôִʲôһгԡ
ҲΪųǵ䣬ܶ˻ַ̿ʲô飬ԣǰ˸ųǡ
ԣڷǵʱȴȻķ֣ڵĽֵϾȻɪûм߶ңɫҲܲͷ
ѵˣ
Ƶ΢΢һ±Ǽӿٶȣֱ˷Ҵſڡ
ſڵĸſ׵ĻصʱȴȻķ֣ǰƺ졣
ǡ
һǰѯʵûаʢ˵ļơ
ơ
΢Ц˵
硭Ƿү
⻤һ㶣ڱӿֳһĨȼɫдŲʵ
ΪҵĻôֲܶϤأ
ֻ׺ɣѾȥ˼ʮ꣬⻤ûмƱ˶ѣھԱ֣žãǰλǶô
ƴݵĵ˵ͷҲûаӣˡ
кһ£Ʊֱ߽˷Ҵ
үˣĪΪڹųǵ飿
ûзү£ڲõˡ
ڷƽȥ֮⼸ۿԭڵǣҲΪС
һУΪƵĴڡ

ڷһĪչʱ򣬷Ʊƿ˽
űƿȻõڴ֮ϵķ쿴˹ȥ
ԭϣ¶ɫȥķ죬ڿ߽ǵӰ֮ϵĲֱӾͱ˾ϲ
ƣ
һ¾վиߺ˼еڸ߲ע⡣
򵥵һ֣ȴǾһһȫ˵ע⣬ţȫ߲㶼վĪĿǵվڴſڵӰ
ƶ
糾ֱŷ˹ȥף
ǰͷƵķ糾ƵҲЩ
ٵʱʼҪʲô飬糾ʣһѡĬĬ֧
Ǹ
ĸһ׵ıְķʽͲôԣǣȴܹܵĵ
С֪ˡ
ϤҲ˹ϵĸˣȫ¶˳
ÿһֵʱ򣬷ܻἰʱ֡
ϡ
ҲǹĺкɫҲЩ
겻˵ɫȥȴǺ࣬ΪҲǴȻת䡣
ȻɨһϵΪ֮󣬷ƱǷ֣ԭǷʥ׵ϣ̶̵ļʮڣѾ˰˽ףԽλ
֮ǰ޷ŵģҲǶԴʯɽԴԣÿһλԪϵľ磬ǵõ츳Ǻܺõķ糾ԴĶѳ£ҲѾͻƵ˷ʥס
Ȼǿʱ΢ĸӦȴǷ֣ǰƺһɽһ嫺ޱ޼ʣǣ嫺еһСˮΣɽ֮µһֻϣ΢
Ѿʲôˣ
ϴ𾪵ѿʵ
ʻֱӱǽ˵ע˹ס˺š
ҡ
һ˫˫ڴ뼤ӣӣʵ˵ʥ۷Ľ׾硣
ȫһƬžʱڣȻû˷ӦĿ࣬ƺһЩš
˵ʥװ˽Ľ׾磿
һһٵٴʵ
š
һ˫˫Ŀֱ£Ƶ˵ͷ
ȻԼٶȻǲô⣬ǣȴҲ֪Ѱ˵ôһ
˻
ڣһ쳹һ˫˫ڳ𺳣𺳣ŷƵĿⶼǿŹһ
ڷ죬ϣ糾뵽֮֮󣬶ⳬ쳣飬ֱӾͽ
ϾڳУ֮ܵģǿĴڡԣܷʲô飬ǶãǶڷ˵顣
ʥ۷壬һ붼ľ磬ڶ̶̵ļʮڣͱƴﵽˡ
һͷӻΪԼõôһ˿˿մմϲ
ҡͷЦ૳
վڵˣȥһˣ½Ͽ޵еĴڣȻƱȴôС֮޷⡣
⻰ҲǿЦҡͷֻз糾һˣԺ뼤Ŀ⣬ԼĶӡ
֪۷жĳɾͣƣԼĶӣԼĽ


1922 ޺
أ
ɨһ۴ڣȴǷ֣ûڳǿʵ
ڳʥ硭
شţԭһǼԺ飬ǰķһȣȴֵ֣һᣡ
Ҫ֪Ǻɽ׵ЩУҲǴʥѣǷܹﵽǸ磬Ǿ൱ڷѾʵʵӵɽ״бȼʵ
ڷƣǸ޷óȥģţǾĽˡ
Ѿֲˣǲ֪ʵݵһЩ߲㣬Ҳ۷ʲôΧ
ΪУƾ͵ڹ漣
ʥ磿
һ㵣üͷ΢΢
Ѵǰλι٣ֻѾڡ
ڵҲǺ˥ģԣЩǣܹܲ١
İɣڲµġ
ϵĵɫȴű֤š
Ŷ
һĨ⣬Ҳ˼ĵ˵ͷ
ʣ϶Ǽ廨˴Ū˾Դṩڶɽ֮áȻҲȥðǸա
ƶλַʲô£
糾ʻٴ˵ע⣬ĵ׶ɻǷΪ½ų䣬ʥѧ֪ͨ˷ƣŸϻġ
ϾƵľ磬ʥ۷壬һκܳľģԵ޹ʵô֣϶д·ˡ
ף峤ϣλ
ĺ˿µ˵˻ʸ׼ҽθ֮λλ󡣡
ʲô
һըͻأڴڱըһ˶öĿѣһתǲľþ÷Ӧ
Ƿ糾Ҳˣ
˻ʸôһڣ
½ڿܲôǣɽȴ֪ߵĸ֮ۡԳģ߷壡
Ҵ۾Ϊ֮ܵ㻯ԲųɵۣڼĹżϣȻܹ֪˻ʸһʲô
ڣƾҪ˻ʸ֮λˣ
ֵܹ
ڼƵĳ֣ǲֿԣȴûһУƾȻҪһ˵λˡ
վԭأû˵ֱǷӦ˹Ǽ˵ԣ븸ף峤λһμελ䡣
һ仰õķ糾죬λȫѪѪڣĶ֪˵ʲôˡ
ڷҵõ˴󻡶ȵ뷢չԺɽ׵ĴҲֱܹͦ˵ǣһ뵽ԼҪȥԵʲô棬ǵеǣֻ֣̿Ҳϲá
ֳ֪ϣɽ磬ҲǼ󳬷ӵɳһȥμӵʸ񣬶ҪԵģǿɾ߲
˴󻡶ԾԵǵǿҲᵣԼֳϳӡ
ǾͲǸ˵ˣҲ۵㣬۷Ҳ˳Ц
ԣǲŻ̿ԼĲá
Ƿ죬糾ʱҲǺܵԼĲãΨֳʧ̬
԰˻ʸֻܹ֮εѵ˵
һλ૳ͻأģһ𾪵Ŀŷơ
ʵģʸ˻ʸ֮λǾǴһ֮
Ĭϣ΢΢ͷʱõĴٴ쳹һǷסǣпһڳϾҪй֮ˡ
Ͼ֮˵ǾϵoеϣеһС
ƶֳȥ̫ðɣ
糾عҲ΢΢üͷ
Լʧ̬ԼͻƵŴˡ
ǰЩϼһΪβ롭
ҲǽӹڣаǼǵǵ˵š
ף峤ϣλ
ƻһɫ˵ҷƵļˣǶ޷ܵĻ˻ʸֻʲô壿
һ仰õĴٴ뵽˳ĬУжΪһһů
Ǽˣˣ
ãȥ
վ˳һǷһʲôûо˻ʸֺηȥһ⣡
ޣмֳܹ棿ȥȥͷȥˣ
ֺǺǵ˵ţп޺޺ӣ
̶ֲѨΪβȥҪȥҪΪ⣬ҫ棡
˵ĻǼһڳϵļ飬ĻڴڻصϢ


1923 һ
ƾˣںٻҲʲôҪĤݡ
ϣԼֻһͨͨѰˣܹԼļˣˣƽƽĹӣ㹻ˡ
ԣʵν˻ʸ֮λҲģΪԼļΪ΢ӵĻôɲ˻ʸ
˵ѡϸ֮λҪΪ֮ļС
ԼһˣҲ޷ؿǱŰ
Ǻ˽⵽ˣȻзǳĸжǣڷƵѡȴûж⡣
ӷƳֿʼһֱľΪ룬ޱķףȴû˶ӹ԰ԳһأҲڳ߸ϵ̬
ܵ˵һǳ͵ˡ

ˣʱ򣬷ǺЩ̫Ծѵʲô飿
뵽ʱ쳣ƿڶŷʵ
ǣ
⻰ֹǷ죬ڵϵļǻһء
ʲô£
ɫı仯üͷҲ΢΢һ׷ʵ
쳣ֹǰ
̾Ϣһؽľϸ˵
ʲôйųǶˣڶ
һȻҲЩţеСҲðͷ˫ڣɫ˸
ϴΪʥӶڹų֮£Ѿ쵽˹ųǵĲͬѰ֮ȻȴҲŪų֮µĴ󾿾ʲôá
ҲѹʲôҲҲǱãȻ쳣϶˵鷢ˡ
Ǵʲô
ĵ׶Сʵ

Сԥã˵еԣӦǸųǱŷأԲŻһڶ
أ
һ
ǿѰoδеڲǰƺŮӾһ㡣
ĶأǾָܹ磬Ŀ³̶ȣɼһ㣬ضָܹˣϣ˭ܹס
ڤˣǽŮʯ㣬벻ų֮¾ȻֶֹǱϵô򵥡
С૳Ǵ΢΢Ļ¶ʱҲĲƽ
ǵ֮Զ󣬾˵ܹǳ֮ѹǺʵģ˵½֮£϶ĳرصĶȻҪѹ
ʲôǾ˵ˣС֪Ƹǲ
ԶʧйصĻô
ƺ뵽ʲôµ飬СӿֳһĨĪĵǣǻ̿벻
Ȼ֮ӡˣǣԶʢĩڵʱҲܵϢϢѹ
ȻûȷףǣȴҲ֪пֲĴڣҪĨԼ
ڵʱܹܵѹģֹСһѣ˵ʱе۾ϵǿߣܵˣԣǲŻѡ
ȥ
˵˵ȥСҲ˵ģЩͷʹüģ˴˸кǳڡ
ڴʱֵϸûмߣԣͻأĳ֣Ҳûĺ䶯ҲõķƸܰĵȥ鿴֪
ʱʹڵ۳֮µĴ㳡ϣӣưڵϣŬĸӦŵص֮Ĳ
û쳣
ʥ۷ľΪҲ޷ӦĲϢֻܶͬһԵСʵ
Сڵϣʯ˸ԣãվȻҡҡͷһɻ˵ҸӦһûκ쳣
û쳣ͺá
⻰в˿
޷⣬Ϊѹ䣬ô˭ܹٴֹ
ǣǰֵ״ô£
뵽ڣɵٴʵ

СƺҲԥò˵ߣԼҲǺȷڷƵĲϴߴ£ε˵ҲǲֹǵĶأǴһš
һţ
˵һȻھǲ⡣
š
ֱ£Сĵ˵ͷȻǽԼеɵ˵˳ȻԶѾвǰΣѹˣΪ񻹻ʧأȫĻͲӦôڲŶԣ


1924 ǽȥ
Сһ÷Ҳҵ˹
ȷǵʱԶȫˣ˭µģ
ôô˵ǴԶʧأ˵ҲҴ߲ŶԣȻżϵļȴǣԴԺ󣬾޴oֹ
ԣһֱдţoǷǰɽ磿
ȻֻһЩ˵ĻɣǣֻȴҲûпԣ˵oһ֪Ŀռڡ
˼ųǵ춯ǴͨoʧǸĴţ
ƺܿСҪ飬˸еǣҲм
Ҳֻǲѣ˵һ
С૳һڣĻС
ƣȴһĨ˼ɵĸпһǷ佫Ұ
ڣȶ̫ˣĴ󣬺пܻıڵĸ֣ǣڴĹ̵УٲһȷѪꡣ
ߣ֮ӡͷħ־ǵķѾ֮ڣ֪ʲôʱѣ
ϾҪٴεõɳǾͱɸ˲ſԡ
ԣڱϿȥƽ˾ǣܻһ죬ʱǽһ޴ѡ
ټڳֵĹų쳣¼õķз
ԭΪʥ۷ܹЦʱȴǷ֣ԼȫڴֵƣҲΪ
벽۾硭
Ƶ⻺
ĿǰҲֻһѡҲǱҪ飬Ǿѷ֮ǰͻʥ۷徳磬벽ۡ
ȻΪչ·еһꡣ
ܹͻƵ벽۾磬Ҳûз֮
ֻ벽۾磬ɲҪͻƾܹͻƵģھʥ۷壬һκܳľ룬ҲһһϦܹ顣
ңڵľҲԲôʱ׼
ֻһһ
ҡҡͷЩĵγԺһڻڵһ·ص˷Ҵڡ
飬һ˲ĳܾͿˣûҪ˸еֻš
ô
ǼٵĿʵ
⼸죬һֱڼ벻жȹԲ˯ţꡣ
峤ģûʲô£һá
ƴŵЦݣ赭д˵š
û£
Ҳ㶣ٴʵ
һԵķ糾ҲˣϾϵ̫ˣң䵱ǵȺƽ֮£ûа취Ҵ档
ϣףλǷģҲ˵İΣЦġ
µı֤š
Ǿͺá
糾˿ڵĵǾȥ
ҲˣƵһɾǸǴһǶ룬˲ȥһеġ
ÿһΣھУǰȥΪӣܹһЩ漣ط
ΪʱҲǺܶˣԣҲæȥˡ
ϾҪ뿪һʱ䣬Ǳ뽻ȥô飬Ҫãóʲô⡣
뿪˵۳֮󣬷ȴûֱӻصҴӪȥǰ½ĸųǡ
ÿһУһ·ϵţõ֪Щųһȣǻõģģֵϻ߶ƹԺУҲӰ߶
ʮųǣ˵ֵϣУҲҲλ
ɼǶδ֪жôĿ־ˡ
ƿذǾΪأ˳ˣ˽ȥˣ
̧ͷεɫ񷣬૳
ҲţǼζԵ޹ʵķңţ϶ԭ֮һ
˽ȥ
ֿԲ
˳
֮ȼĴڣҲŮʯܹأƿռıݣҲ˵Ҳδܹ㡣
ôΨһĿԣǾ
ûе𾳽磬ڴoǸռ䵱УҪҲǲܵ顣
˽ȥˣܲǺܴ˳ôܹıĸ
Ϊ̫ں˴ˣԣƲòȥ˼ÿһֿԣԷķ
ʵҲʲôߵ£ջѡա
ϾʱҲǷǳȵġ
صҴӪ´棬һ󣬴λޣ븸ĸһڷҸ߲㣬Դ͵ķʽ˺ɽ֮ȻƺƵĳʥѧڵĴͳиȥ


1925 
ƼҪ˻ʸ֮λϢ֮ڶȻ󲨡
Щ˻ʸɳǿߣѹѾֵĻ̻̣ΣԼͷϡ
ͬʱҲɻΪβ޸Ǿĸѡ˳Ĭûվָ˻ʸΪ˷ǳĲ⡣
Ƿǰ˻ʸκһ㶯ǶָǣһǵķӦȴõͷԡ
ѵ޸ĸ˻ʸ
Ȼ˵ϴ½ϱ˻ʸεͷȥ˵һǣⲢ˻ʸʵǿĸ޸ˡ
Ȼã϶ܲͻȻշΪƽأ󣬳һ֮սսУһͷӵľޣȻԳ
˻ʸķƣҲұ¶˵һ֮ڵʱ˻켣Ⱥеϸ
һϢѴֱӾõ˵ĿתƵ˻ʸϡ
Ȼǰʱ䣬˻ʸǴ˷Ҫ˻ʸϢ
֤ʵˣƣϴ½ȵĹھһ֮
ϢĵģΪǿΪڴ飬Ҳǵľ֧
֮ǵػ֮
ԣ֪֮ڶˣΪ޸ĸӶΪΣ˻ʸǿ
ڻ˻ʸշЩԭ򣬵ǣȴţ֮ǲӺԼġ

ƴԼһ˻ʸȻΪϱ
ȻּǣֵȴҲû̫ʧ̬
ʥѧ˵Ǿ۷壬ÿһܹѧˣǶңɼĴڡ
ȴڣңܵ˹Ĵ
ǲûԴ֪һУǷƴġ
⼸죬Ҳƽ˾ûзʲô¼ЩǱ̽ӣҲû˷ˡ
˿ƺгȴõķüͷ
çһѾˮݣǲԴУԣڽʱڣ϶д
ǣȴϢһƺһ϶ĸ𣬾õǷж
ֿԣ㣡
ʱƣ̣ڷƵԺڻ㱨ڵĶ̬
ٵǰ𣿡
ʵ񷣬
죬ĵλˣ
ƺŵһ˿ͬѰϢָо϶ᷢһЩ顣
֮ڵľ֧Թʿ
㲢٣
ǣǰ֮նɱأ
˻
뵽ֿԣƲɵ΢һ˸
Լڵλϱնɱˣ彫׵һƬֻŵУʱçһٳ룬Բʧʲôշƽе壡
Ǹһѵʱ
Ƶüͷˡ֣ɫͬʱƺҲˣΪçһ嵽ڻûκζԭ
ֻҪԼʥѧ֮ڣçһԼûа취ңܹûûնɱçһǿߡ
Ȼλ䣬ȴʥѧ֮⵱ڵС
ôǸʱԻȥʥѧҲ൱ڸçһնɱԼĻᡣ
ңǲնɱԼֻҪϵλĽУƵԼĶӣԼҲܵڵʿҲʹ˵䡣
ϾڵĿУ֮ϵģܵģ
뵽ƲͷʹüģǶһԵĻʵçһ᲻һĴڣ

̻Сһۣ󣬻ǵ˵ͷпУƽʱܲᶯõǣѾçһĹͷǿ϶Ҳ˲ô࣬Ҳᶯǹص
çһԶʱڣҲǿӵŪһЩʯҲпܵġ
õĻƣ̣Сжѹһʯһġ
嶼ӵԶѪǿߣǱǾǲǵĴڣǣ
⻰ƵҲһԿ϶϶д·ңԼġ
ôΨһܹȫİ취ȡλĽУ
취Ҳָ겻αģңҲήĿе

һ۵Ժ𣬽ţһӰƮ˽
һǴϲɫӭ˳ȥ


1926 
ԺģѾ绨СΡ
ĳа˷ƣټһֱеһͯģһ·Ŀ־һ
´ʱأڿԼŮ֮Ļϲ
СҲû˿˼ɵģֱӾ˽˷ƵĻСЦš
ԼĵϲĽаųǿʼһֱûб
С򣬻ƣ̣ڼС֮ҲɵһĨ⡣
뵽һǼΪͷʹ
϶棬ʵģҲͷʹң϶Ǵģɱɱ嵨
˵Զʱڣɱ֮Ҳɱ񸮵ˣǣҲ϶棬ǡһͷ϶Ķޣ
϶o֮֮ڣһѰ˸֪Ĵڣ֣ҲΪ϶棡
Ψһ֪һģҲֻ֮
Ϊ֮Ϊ׽ˣȻҲء
ǣǽͷ϶ų
ٺ٣кϷˡ
С죬Ҳ¶һյɫһĿзëȻЦȫղŵ
һԣȻû˵ʲôǣϵɫҲ࣬ģȻҲûȥ
Сζôͳˣ
ڿһСεΪ֮󣬷Щʵ
СεΪ߽پŽ׾磬ûнʥ۷壬ȴ˰õЩɻ
ѩҪҳģ˵Ҫζæ
СΰգˮĴ۾ʵ˵
ѩࣿ
һ㵣Ҳʲôˡ
ѩʦ϶Ǵ濴ʲôŻСζ
ֻǣ÷Ʋ׵ǣûʥ۷СζܰﵽԼʲôأ
ʦȷܹﵽ㡣
ƺɻվĻѵ
Ŷ
ƻعͷĿ
ʦ˱أ
죬˵
أ
Ƶһ
䣬Ȼ޷ǴصĴڡ
ңΪνڣԣҲԿ϶ڱ֮ڣҲһͷ﾿ʲôȴ֪ѡ
ڻٿС̵ɫƱڵͷض
ʱбеˡ
²˳٣ǵþȥزУȻʱˡ
Сƺ֪ʲôһҲѵ
ĸŮѾûķƺпܻĸŮȼ棬ǣͬ˷ʱ䡣
⡭
ԥУ󣬻ľƣЭˣСζȥһطȻȥ׺òã
ζġ
Сζɵ˵г˶Էõ
·
ĺ˿Ҳ˷ʱ䡣
̼ʥѧСǴŷСǰ½ϵıء
СĴ·һ˲ǻ˼ʱѣ˱֮⡭
ǰһƬڷڣʵʵ˳һţΧҲһƬڣݲ
ǣƬ֮ڣȴźܶľţԣһЩҩһܹɱʥ֮ˡ
ιʵأзǳƽ
ˣΪԼܹƽƽĽ뵽֮ȡ߲ˡ
ԭ򣬾Сϡ
ԭ㣬ڵЩɻȴӭжˡ
Ҫô
ƶһԵСʵ
ҲǺӦܹͷͷŶԡ
С˵ţĿתƵСϵʱȴһ㵡
ʱСεĽϹһ㵭ĻɫΣƺǰĶӦӦš
ҪѲϣȴǱСʾȥ
𽥵ģСϵĻɫθΪŨˣĲƣҲֳһйɵ״ƺڴһЩʲôϢ
ãС۾֮󣬲ǻָиҽȥ档
и
üͷĿСϣȴ΢΢˵ͷҪһȥ𣿡
á
Сҡҡͷ˵Ǹ˵һ˽ȥҲҪȥĻܻ˵ġ
Ŷ
ƼԿ϶ˣⱱڱӡ϶СһĴڣѵСġ
ζûµġ
СΡһЦǶһˣŶһһȥ

ڷţƺӭʲôһ˿˿ںڵĶߣ뵽Сڡ


1927 Ѫ
ǰһ޼ʣһƬڵĺҺĶһĶţϯķ档
˾ηıأ
ȻʱһƬУȴһСӰš
ƺɫĽη壬ԼҺ԰ߣɢһдӣõķƶΪп
϶壬ܹһеĶܣңܹնеľǿԼ
һϸϸ˿ߣܹƵ۾϶壬˽һ֪
ͬʱСܹغĲλӡͷҲġ
öĻǻһ˵İ֡
Ƶ΢΢һȣ˸Ĺâ
ܵڰڵʱСξѾڹͣͬףû˻СεĶ֡
˵֮ӵũɲɵũҩĻֻҲ϶棡
ΣçһҪѹĻôƻֻҪˡ
ǷôҲûϵ飬ԼŮȻӵԼҲһˣΣǸӾдһ

ڶУСβûо쵽ʲô쳣෴ģÿһë׶͸һĸоã˵궼ڵõһǳĲ˼顣
ˡˡ
ڤڤУһһֱԺڻصţƺûκ·һֱűĲλš
ꡭ
ڶУСεһеģΧеĶƺȻȻľ͵õ侫ȫա
ˡ
ûΧʱһΧӦ쳹ʱϵƱһǣһ·˵ϸǱŷĲâһλħħŮ˼һⶾеƿߣĺ䣬ΧĶйɵţǹ졣
ͻˣʥ۷壡
֮⣬һֱͫķƿı仯ʱȻľ
Ѿʥ۷壬СεľȻ͸Уǽ߽پŽ׾粻ãҪͻƵʥ۷ڰ㹻ˣֻҲҪʱ䡣
ǣСν뵽ⶾֻʮӣǾҪʱܹ顣
ٺ٣϶츳ǲͣһЩ壡
һԣС૳˸žӨ⡣
Ŷ
ƲĿ
϶壬Ϊһʼ棬ֻ֮շ˶ѡС͵
֮඼ǴһʼǵѪ϶ɱ񸮡ȵȣһЩС壬ֻǾڵЩһ嵱жѡ
벻Щʡ
С˵ţ˼ĵ˵ͷ
˵ʵ½ϣӵдѪˣѾûˡ
ССֹš
ǣֻ֮ںɽ磬Ľ磬޽ԭ𣿡
üͷһ÷
ʣֻӵѪ֮ϣԣ޾гֵ֮壬ǰ½֮ˡ
ΣЩ⣬ȴǳ½
û
С˵ͷ
Ҳûӵ˼Ǹʱ˽⵱Ϊ帶˶١
ҲΪҪΪѪԲſ磬ԣ׵ģòҪ統ıѳȻںܾҲûдѪˣǾʹ֮壬һЩ壬壬ٳˡ
ǵԣСµƽš
ƿ϶ǹĵסçһĻôƺпܻð½ڳ룬ɽ磬޽磬Ľѡ
ǺõģҲܹıڵʧǣ崿Ѫ˵ȴһԵѡ
ԣСʱ򣬷Ƶɫʱͱ˱䣬Щ粻
ǵסçһð½ڽѵĻҪĿЩڲɱ
ڣȻˣǣҪ赲סۺʵǰʮĴ壬ԲǺܴ
룬ĸ޸˶½ڽ޽磬Ľġ
С׷ƵԣЦ˵
Ҳ˵Ҫ壬çһĴ֮ſˣ
Ƶ΢΢
š
ֱ£С˵ͷſ˿ڣҪ˵ЩʲôȴҲû˵ڣٽĿ˶ڵǵСӰϡ


1928 
õ֮СκܿͷӦ˹ڤڤǸָ£һһǰš
ȻǵһǸǣ֪ΪʲôĵȴӿһϤܰĸоԼһ
ԣôη߽ⶾС
һ·ϣӿĸͣҲӵŨõСϵڹҲҫˣһֺɫ̫һôҫۣôġ

һȦһȦںڹһ㵴䣬еСǴԶʱoһ
ͬʱΧӿֶں˿ҲˣŨˣʵʣЩȫǹ뵽Сεڡ
⵹õĴڶ֮ķЩСǷܹܵס
ȻԷǶˣСεʶΧӿûаų⣬෴ģľһֱȲţҲûа㲻ʡ
ƺЩܽڵʱ򣬸ҲڴʣԣûбΣյĿԡ
ʥ۷ˣˡ
ƵĶڳ鴤ţСߵ˶Χش֮ڵʱ򣬾Ȼٴ磡
ֱܳǷһٶȣף
˵δţڱпȥǹҲǳԾѡ
ȻѾǾˣǣʱСһȣȴʲôǣ
ôĶܣѾŨһǳµĵزܹڵĶȫɣΪУȻ˵Ҳܴڵļµ۾ǣ벽Ǿûġ
СһҲǸп˵
ΪôӴܹܵ£ɻʵ
ؼ޾˵ȴ޵ģԣڵ۵һĵزʱ򣬾ͲȥȻǾͻὫ
϶ˣ
С˷ۣȻֻҪǶܣܹ޵ȥ֮һġ
ڶУ
ͷһõӦСڴڵǸڵУԼкơ
ڶһĴڣ
ҲǷڵݽߵԭΪڵȡ֮֮ߵġ
Сζܹ˵ǷҲԣ
ƵȻɫ˸ϵǳ
Ķ٣ܹ磬㣬ǣɸʵľȴܹõĴٽһشӶõ
Ȼԡ
СȻĵ˵ͷ
⡭
Ŀ϶ƵĺΪҪȥ뷨ǣСһ仰ȴǴݻн˿롣
ǰܹһ뱱һĵط
ʵؼƮһϡطˣΪҪŨĵطȴܹõشӶԼľ硣
ʱСܹ֮ٵĵõΪʱոŨȵĶܣ

һȻǷ֣ԼΪַһԺ
أ˵ǰ벽۾˽ΧشҲʬ޴档
֮Ҵӵũҩ֮⣬Ϊӷĳ֣뱱ͷıӻ磬ƾı죬ҲԽȥڡ
ԣûа취ҵڶ籱ĵط
а뱱ǲһģ֮ȫΪӡԵʡ
Ϊʱ֮ıȽᵽʯޣ˻ƣ̣Ѿʣ¶ˡ
ԣڷСʱһ󣬻ΧСԣ˽ʱ½
ǣȴû籱ôŨĶܣ෴ģΪȫѾСֻһߵضѡ
ܹҵһ籱ĵطҲܹ˿ٵأ
Ʋû٣෴ģμġ
ھٶȻܿ죬Զˣǣȴû㣬Ϊѹȣûаȫпԡ
벽۾磡
ףף߽ס
С˱غʱ򣬾羹Ȼ˵ʥ۷߽׵ĵز
ģ
СգĴ۾ɨܣƺҵǸˣǣǰһƬտûӰ
ˣĽ¡
ǸżԺ
ҽ£
Сλæ˿˼ȴֽʲôҲûС
ˣǱӡƬ֮¡
ɵŮˣǸƺҲΣֻٴš


1929 
Ŷԭˡ
ǸĽ£¶СΣô£ǶŵʵҪôܹأ
ɵģҲûм棬ǣȴǷǳǸˣ˺ԼԵҲûʣҪ
õıӡڱڵͷҲǷǳĸжãӵһôаСŮΪԼˣƺҲľһ¡
˰ڳɳУͻᶪԼеǷݴǷЩΪ޲ɼΪ
Ȼֻоն˲ܹףһûĻ˽Ƕôһ˸еɵ顣
£ǾԼС˱ݴ棬£Ϳˣ
ˣֻҪһѪܽҡ
ĺ˿Щ΢
ӡôܹ꣬ؼˣ˵ǾǼٻʱҲѹֲסеļ¶˳
Ѫ
ССԴһĨ̵̻ɫɫҲ΢΢ףǽҧ촽ᶨʵֻҪѪڵϾͿ𣿡
Եģˡ
ǸҲǲ䷳ĻشţƺԼС˺ѪеЦҲõ˻⡣
Ŷҿʼˡ
Сα۾һֻװ۵ָУȻһҧ
ડ
һʺѪҺһƬڵϣѰľһѸٵ뵽С
ֻȴƺûзʲô飬õĳڴСΣ˫ڣҲɻ벻⡣
ˣ˿һξ룬Ȼҵпܻ˵
ǸٴԺ
˿һ㣿
СȻҪʲô飬ǣȴǸָ£˳˽صĺĵشܳһξ롣
Ϳˡ
Сվھĵش֮Ǹжص˿
¡¡¡
Ļ£΢΢ǵǰǰһңӵľңԽԽƺضҪһڱ֮ķСܹоĵ
Ҫˣ
Сһ˫۾ʯ貣˸⣬ҲΪš
Сζɣ
ǶСεİΣЩģͬʱҲ棬϶ɵıΡ

ŵ𶯵ԽԽǿңضҡţɽѣصĶܸҵӿ˷Ű֮ݲ
ʲô£
ڱܱߵһЩҲӦ䣬£Իֵ̿Ŀ⿴ڵķ򡣶һЩС߽ˣѾʼˣ㳷
ȻҲһЩӴģҪõԵģ׳ŵӣ˷𲽵Ŀ
صĿֲ˽֪ǣǹġ
ңأаһд󶯵εȷҲͷԡ
¡
ȻǼѵǰûжԶһװըͻȻ쳹ؼը죬һ̣ضΪ֮һ
ңһըͬʱӱǸӿһڵգסϵգԭİ˲ͱֲָĺҹ
˿ֲľõĸ˶¶ֻŵɫЩűǰеˣ᲻ţ˫ֱɪ
ѵǶħˣ
˲õ˶վȣ̱ڵء
ԶĹʷǿܲǣ½ϣһЩżȴǽĹʢĩڶϳֵ壬֮Ϊħ
˵Щħǿ󣬼˿ɵ½Ͽνݺɱ¾һֻĳֹ֣ŰĽŲ½ϵͱ߳Ϊūˡ
ǲʱϵīƣȴǻĵɢˣңҲˣҲҡˣΧһƬǽľ˶Ϊûзʲôˡ

ŵѿСǰһͷЩľޣͬǣһҺĻԶţյΧĿռһը죬ʱƿһڵСڣ¶޼ʵռ䡣
ңͷ޵ĿУ߹ͷɭɭģǿɲǳ࣬
ģСȴûбŻúĿڴǰͷޣð죬ǿʵҷģ
ǵģˡ
޿³͵ĻڣҲ˶ǰС˵ĸм


1930 
޼ʵĶڵ֮ͣҲĻָƽԵȴǵȴ࣬磬۱ܹǰΧ
ɼⱱڵĶѾֵز
ʱڶһŮһͷǳľޣܹģŮƺηǰޣ෴ģ˫֮ĹϵΪܣңͷľޣòŮǰҲֵĺ˳ȥƺûаΣա
̫ˣҹš
Сξ֣ҪͷȴǷԼš
ˣұС㡭
˵꣬ӴСɽǼٵСȥ

ƽ˾֮һŮһͷӵںƤëȴСڹ˳Сϣ˷ܵɫ

˷֮СαǷɱ˹
û°ɣ
ȻѾŻСξվԼǰƻǵǵΪһ飬Ǻ֮󣬲˿
Сڡ
ױһģСνŵСڹ
ءۡ
Ļ£һڷСȥǷ֣ԭС򣬴ʱ跢һڵţ˫㲻ϵĴŵ棬лһЩŹֵһЦǰ˺ˡ
һĻСȻ⣬ǣСеͷԼͷСڹȴ۾ڣ¶ΣյĹâ
ҲΣҲ֪ǲŴСƺʲôģҲûʲô츳һڵƤëֱȡһܼ򵥵ġСڡ
һ̣ڵĳӶˡ
Ϊﷸȥأ
ǣС˫ˮĴĴ۾ȥܾԭǺ¼Сλʧ䣬ġ
СòҲòȥ
ͷСڹԣҲԻĵ٩ֱӾõڷСʯֱԭء
ৣ
Сֱӷ˫ʯ۾˸ԣֱСеСڹƺŨ
С۸ҼСڣȻõ㣡
ʶСһЩֶεСΣֱӾͽСڹԼ󣬲ҶСǳ
һ仰õͷԵСǶǺݺݵһ顣
òԼƺǰ˭Ҳòȥ
ǣһͻϰ
һʱڣǶǶԸԵ˳Թ
Сζ㲻СڽƸ𣿡
ƺжӣôһ˵ֻҪõĳֻСڹ·Ϲȥֱ°ĭ
ֺðֱּǾˣ
һԵС侮ʯŷƵĻΨ²ҵҾýˣЩʲôģ԰˵ܹ˴˵ġ
˵Ҳء
󣬺ͬĵ˵ͷĿ˺ܵɪСϣǺðɣԺ͸Ϊ˰ɣ

ֱõڵɪеСĽһţſ˵ϣһ
ѵͽԾĹ𣿣
ܾԼԭǳˡƻһ˼˵ţȴ¶һɲĻȡ
ѾȷСгСڹǱغķͷ
ͷȻЩԹԣǣģⶾﻹǿСεϣԼؽصĺģȡ˱ͷҲȡ߲Ҳǲˡ
ˣѾˣеҲϰˣҾþͲҪ˰ɡ
СˣҾСʵ̫ˣҾͽСˣˡ
֮£ͷߵСᡣ
ʱ䲻ˣûȥ׼׼ˡ
һѾɫϵЦһգһء
ȻǶ㲻ı꣬ҲûҪȥܣǾ¸ҵȥ԰ɣ
ƺҪʶһ£çһ嵽׻ʲôֶΣ
ߣȥȥ
С֮ã·ѪİΪˣǻֱɱʹһЩ
Сڣл֡
ߵʱ򣬷ƶſСλеСڹһЦǸСĽŲٵ뿪
صʥѧҲûо˭СһͬͷСޣ˷糾أߣڵԺڡ
ĸŮȻǻ˵ŶԶԷؼĳ˵СΣҲǳԾĺϲ£죬ϵظҼСζԼˡ
һۣǺгжҸζЦĺԶԶ
ҵļˣһͷȻΪʣ
ڶ죬߳ŵĵһ仰ǶСôԸš


1931 
죬Ƿƽ˻ʸ֮λӣеĵص㣬ʥѧ½ȵĹ㳡ϡ
Ȼʱɫδǣ㳡ԶΧȺɽ˺𣬺ò֡
ЩƵ¼Ҳ˻ʸɢڹΪ½ȹھڴչϸǻçһǿߣϣѹһţ
Щ¼Ĵĵģõӵ˸ȵ飬Ǽᶨ֮ƥϴڣ
һЩ˽֡
½һĴڣΪһӵԿʵеĲ࣬Ϳ֪ˡ
ûػһİбӻ˵Ѿūˣ
˻ʸ̽ӶǴʮ־СĿܣκ춯ǶһϵеķӦʩ
ʲôӣԣǲܷκβأ˽ҴĽС
Ϊⲻ¹˻ʸ棬¹طƵʿ
ֳ棬Ҳûа취ƣϾܲסڲ۹ɣ
ȻలȫǣȴԵ˻ʸ̫С£ʱ򣬿϶ҲΪçһʿĽڡ
ԣҲֻܾΪ٣ܹһʱ䷢쳣˴ڡ

ʱ˻ʸڣһӰɿĽƿﲻ
һ
淢˾ٶ쳣Ѿơ
һ
һ̽϶ǺϢûдӣǣüͷȴһֱ
ѾǰϦȴɷƽ˾Բçһ᲻֣෴ģڲϸⲻǸ˵㹻Ը˻ʸ壿
ԣϣܹȺҳһЩçһļϸŻᰲġ

ſڴĺ˼еĶע⡣
һ̧ͷǿƴһЦݣһˣԼæվ񣬲ҹĺμ
ض񡣡
ֻ̧䲻
ˡ
죬糾Ҳ붫к
ȻŷһڣǣȴҲûԴ󣬶Զ̬ȣҲǳ𾴡
񡣡
ǰһڶǺܳڵˣȴǸпǧ˵Ҫлǣлһλΰ䣡
ڷϣûҵʲô覴ãԴ󣬲԰Ըأǿ
ҵҵ
糾ӦţһЩҵԪϣɫȴЩ졣
ǿûаʲôûн̵ƣ෴ģ֮ǰԷһΪѣõǶûȥӿڡ
˵ǷƵĶ󣬲ûȥ׷ǰЩǣ෴ģһֱΪ̬ȹʱõԲλࡣ
ҲΪˣԣҪʲôһǵؾԼˡ
˵Լ˶޷Σϣȥ˭
׹άһ֮󣬶ǽתƵ棬λڴԵȣλܿҪʼˡ
ͻˡ
һЦݣüͷ΢΢һʵһлɣ
ûзκļϸ
ҲǴЦݻӦţȴѡ
֪ƲԼΪڵľǡ
Ǿͺá
ȻǺɵô˵ţǣȴһ˽⵽ڵƳһվСλбŵСڹһۣЦñĸЩɣ
ڻƣС̿УǵõõϢ
ȷçһĵ̣ǿ壬ǣڶǿϣȴҲûռݶơ
ԣֻϵĲĻôǰңĺܲң
ʱСڹС֮⣬ƣ̣Ѿ˳ȥԶ죬һ춯ڵһʱ֪Ӧ
ţԻ̵˵ȫϮǿ赲ٿǰԤ÷ҲתԼˡ
ֳϣˣֻҪǶΣա
ǷƲԸ⿴ġ
󣬾˵һƬЦﵱУɫˡ
綼ҪԵġ
ˮƽߵգƳ˿⻺
ΪĽûҪԣΨһѡ


1932 
޴ɽεضһֱư磬֮£һ·һͷ̾һʱпԾ˶ɵӾ
ǰʱ򣬷һΣλһһҪĤݵ˼롣
ԵĽдţλִģԣҲһЩǵ
ֻǾô꣬Ѿȴ΢ɼˡ
ûʲôݻĳ棬һƽƽ嵭
ৣ
һ죬Ӱǳڹǰǰ
ϵϢ纣Ǵһ嫺ĳһoٵĸо
Ƕʾûѡ͵ȥȫϵ˶ܵһ޵ѹȻûдﵽӰжĵزȴһϵѹƺһڸ֪һЩ˲ҪȻͽĴ
λһЩѣ˻ʸ˻ʸӭλ˵زμ˻ʸĵλ䣡
쳹ȫǧ֮⣬˶ǿ
޸ĸ񸮣ɱ񸮡볡
Ļ£ЩĿǰߵ쵼ţԴһԪϽ뵽˳صУ޸ĸĸˣʱҲûվߡ
Ͼ˻ʸ˻ʸ˲ǡ
˶֪ŹͬĿ꣬ҪúƽȶһЩֵܣҲ뵽ͥУڣ볡
ȻЩԸ˵Щ볡ɳĴڸ˼ġ
볡һֻӴ飬ܵ˼Ĺ裬ǻȸԾƺѾ
һ壬עģֻлټΪһң
ΪԹûһܹ£
޵Уѹһ˵Ҳܹһͳ¡
ʱǰĹ㳡ϣ϶վˡ
ɨһΧ֮󣬲ĺ˿룬һ֮ƣ

һƿмǸǰĿռǱƵһ˳
죬ǻһķΣ߶䣬ζ֮⣬ټǹɽ룬嫺ƣһλ½Ѳõ˶ɼĹȥ
μ֮
˶ǸߺŹȥһļϡ
˵֮ǵ죬ǵϣǵ
𡣡
ׯأ첻¶Ц˫΢΢һ̧˱ǻվ
ʱ˲ſˣڷ߳һȺˡ
죬糾أߣСΣһڷԪϣһչ˵ǰ
֪ΪΣڻûг֮ǰԭЩŵǣʱվ̨֮£ԶããȺȴƽϢ
ƺƵߣôһõİ
ңǵǵ飬Ҳûзû˳ЦûɫеģȣһЩĽ
ղͨĿǰֻҪǲɵˣжһ֮ˡ
ңһЩϴ½ˣҲϳߣֻڱ仯ĴСΣȴûжϳΪСվߣǣ֣Ҳܹ³һЩ
ңǿСεʱԽǾߵˣԽԾǾĸ޸ĸˣڶ¶˼ɫ
Ѿʥ۷Ž׾ǣȻܹСεΪǲɵĵһչͫףǼһ
ʥ۷߽ף
ǼֱЩ޷Լ۾ġ
ȻСǷƵŮȻʱ½ϵǸСŮʱȴӵ˳˷Ƶľ磬ܹܵˣ
Ҫ֪ӵĲӰǾڤɭû߳ڳʥ۷徳硣
ֱȽϣõǵСĸζڲš
һֻСңȥһֻȴﻹҪĴڡ
ǿСλֻСڹʱڱСڹƳһ֮˫ûйǱɣ亹죬ʯڵҶһ¡
ȻûϳСڹݣǣһǼ򵥵񣬾õ֪ԷҪȡԼֱ׾٣


1933 
̨֮λ
ٴ쳹˲䣬õĳϵƽϢеĿ⣬ǻ˸̨ǵӰ֮ϡ

ƲɫɨһܣߵСͶһ֮󣬱ǳ̤˵̨Ľݡ
һһߵĺƺÿһܳߵĺܳ
Ϊڷ˵⴦̨õĲҫλΡ
ǸʱҪӻģͲֻԼļˣڡ
Ƿȥκˣʱ˿̣ڼ縺ε£оɣڵľѹЩ
ડ
ڣĿ֮£վ˸̨ϡ
һͦһǹһһɲһƴڱϯķ
ⲻ֮ͬǰɽƣƲѹȴһλ䣡
һ̣ȥ˳ۣΪһʵʵеӺ
ˡ
ͻأģǰмǸ쳹һعķţǱŷ貶ĿĹâһΣϯ˷ǧ֮⡣
ʱƵ壬ƺҲĳͬڣзתţڵܱӿκˣ嫺ҲǱŷһɵĹΣҲֹ״̬֮£ĸ
ߵһ
һڷԺ쳹ƺο
˭
ƾķʣ֪ΪΣܾƺֻһʱ벻ˡ
ʱҲϴγ˻ʸһһƬɵ統У޻ģûн̤ʵصĸоƼ
ˡ
һǰɵ۳һߴֿΰӰңǳЦŷơ

һǶΰӰȥ̬ȷǳĹ
ǰǺ˽֮ӰǣЩ֮Ƕ֮˸̵˽⡣
Ȼǣڣȴֻ֮Ϊ֮
һУ֮쵽ģûûʢ
ĵʱ֮Ϊ岻ū۶˶Ŭٺˮ
ô񡣡
֮ӰЦе˵ţһ֮ĵ˵ͷԤƵĻҪ磬˵Ѿ˵ҡ
˵ĺȻûΪƱֳ츳ǰã෴ģƺڴδĳɾ͡
ֻá
֮ǰƺֱǸСͷЩڨڨ˵š
ΪֹãԼûκζ飬һУΪ֮
ɲ
֮һɫĿ˵츳
ƳĬ֪ȥӻ
֪Ů洹Ϊζֻһ
֮ûмǸϾȥתƵϡ
ΪΣ
ȻĶΪڴĵȴĻش
˭ҲŮ洹ͼΪ岢ûκγʵĵط츳ʣ壬ų㱻ū۵ĵز
ʵڵӦòһЩ˲𣿡
֮ûֱȥش𣬶Ƿʵ
ң
ӿһĨãɫ˼ͻأģԺڱһĨ⡣
뵽˰ɡ
֮¹һĨǳǳЦ⣬Ǳ
ȷǱ֮ͬ壬˵ƵĳɾͣҲ֮Ტ۶ѣȻڣȴѾͻ֮ļޡ
ʵ˵ٵʱҲڣңΪǵһ֮壬ԣһܹܣǣʹóܣȴͨ
˶٣ּ֮˵ǣܵǱȴǺܸߣֻҪܹܵסżǿ޵Ľǿ
޽
һ
ԭΪ˽ܵȴǷ֣Լֻǿܵѡ
ûܣȻܹ
ԲǷڸܴԼƣǣţ϶ܹҳ̲൱еܣӶ۷壡
֮ǳЦſŷƣǣȴѾڻĵȴ

¶ᣬǸӡ
СһѧԼɳ
˵ţ֮ԼĶͷҪ¡


1934 Ԫ
ʲô£
Ʋֻʡ
֮ȻԶʱգǣᷢȴָƣ֪Լĳ֣Բ˻ƣ̣С򣬻ѾѱķԼӻԼ
ǷƱмģȻ츳ܵΪֹ޷߳½
ֻڷȴҲ֮ἰ飬ãԼн
һЩԵľԪ֮ڣԺ۾Ļõĵ
֮Ц˵ţȴԽԽȴȥǵãһҪãá

Ƶ۽Щʪ󣬿зݵĺȴҲֻĿ֮Ĳɢȥ
ʱǰ˾ŸС㣬Ϊ貣иԵɫҲͬ
һۣƱϳˣǾżԣ
Ũ
΢һӦһɵһӿֳһƬ𺳡
ÿһСڣ̲һǿ޷ݵţһС㱬ԴݻٷԲշһС
Ͼ֮۾֮õĶ϶򵥡
ȻǾԪ
û˵ķϣԺھȵĺ
ʦ𣿡
һϲʵʦ˵Ԫһ˵
Ȼ
Щû˵š
һԼûʶƫƫϣԼһûʶ
ٺ١
ڨڨһЦ׷ʵʦ⾫Ԫʲô
ԾԪʵҲǽؼŨȵѹ侧ʥĴЩƣԪȴǳʥĴڣ
ϻĽ˵ұǰЩԪĳ̶ȣÿһžԪ൱һöʥϵĴڣ
˻
⻰Ʋɵĵһڣ𺳣𺳡
ôҲû뵽ǰһС㣬Ȼ˵ͣһ൱һöʥϣſż൱ڲʮö֮ࣿ
һܹ顭
Ʋɵࡣ
뵽֮ĲЩȻ
пܣ֮ԼġҲ̾š
֮죬ǣ磬ȴҲŨôΨһĿԾ֮ڵıԴԪơ
൱ʮöʥ֮۾пܣ
뵽СڱڵķƲɵ뵽Ϊ
鼤ûлͷֱӾȥ
ڵǿȣҪǿſžԪôضᱬ
ƣſŹϣſŹ򣬽ڣ֮ϣſա
һУ˿۾
ǰڶǹȥиߺ񼣣ڣ𺳾Ǽ
ʱķƣһλ߸ϵoһڸ߿֮ϣ㵴䣬εƾϯȫ
ǶĻҲӿֳһƬȻ벻˼ɫ
£һֱû¶ʲô֮Ȼڣȴ¶񼣰޷⡣
ͽδ·滮𣿡
С˫ʯ˸⣬૳
֮ʦ֮󣬱æµһЩ飬С޷⣬ڣȴˡ
֪֮źǲܳɾ֮λǣܴǿ۷壬ܸڸõıӻ
Ҳֻ֪֮񽫴󲿷Ѫо棬Ϊ֮ţ̲һ޴ܣܹҳô彫ΪؼΪǿ壡
ܹ𣿡
СȷǣڷƳ˶ؼһЩ֪̫˽֮⣬츳棬ȴѾ˵֮
Ȼӵֲ츳ľܹ⿪ʵ
̡
ʱһ춯صըͻأ쳹ضڶţռǲһѣ¶ڵռ䣬һӰڼ˶ڰлһߣ뼸ףͣ
ˣȻǷɳΧĻƣ
ۡ
Ƹ̲סؿڵķſڱһѪɫʱҰĿ⣬ȴĶǰռڣ˸¶ʱĲȶ
ˣ
ĻƵɫ䣬ȴҲûа⣬һʱ䣬ǳСͶȥһ
ҡ
СȻǧΣʱȴҲΥƵɢһ糾ȫסǾʹ뿪


1935 
ৣ
Сռ䲻ãڴ˻ҵĴӴ˳ң󻹸һЩǱ̡
ɫǲÿڷƵĿͶŹ֮СǼѵ˵ƬѾˣ
ʲô
ƵɫȻһ䣬ܹˮڣ˸⣬ͬʱϵȫ汬˳ֱӽΧĿռ飬¶ռڵһС
ʱռڣʥѧΪģ㳡Χ֮⣬һȺƲ˴ɱڣƾˣԵɨһۣƱǷ֣һȺ˵оȻûһ˵ľԼ
ңһȺǰÿһξһŹεǿߣȻǾôվŲǣȴ¶һǵƣõķƶΪ֮Ĳûܹס
ģƱ֪Щ˿϶çһ塣
ңЩŹεǿߣ϶çһĵڣҲƣ̣С֮Ĵڡ
׺ݵѹƣçһҲѾʱˣԣҲ˲ôֱ࣬ӽȫ¶˳
˵ǾҪһд۳ĸ󻼣
˵κˣη壬ֻзƣõʳѰ
Ϊܹ˽Ƶȷ٣ԣЩǶѡ̣һֱǵȵ˽죬ƳΪ˻ʸĵλ䣡
һǧѷĺûᣬȻŹ
ңҲץ׼ʱ⴦㳡и߲㶼Χ
֪ǵóѣô廹ʣʲô
ԣڿЩ˵ĳֵʱ߲㶼亹졣
ǲԼİΣ뵽Լôɱ֮ȺףçһʲôҪҲ߽ˣ
ƣȻҲ뵽㣬ҲûϵƷڣɻǱΧסˡ
ʱȻкðôǣȫ񣬱׼ӭӼı꣡
ȻǰֵЩ֪룬ڶԷƵΣҲûôʧ̬ңԵĺ򶨡
ǶεļסܸԼ嶪ܶ˷Ƶ
һ㳡֮ھ˶ݵĻ־֮󣬶ǽĿ˷ϡ
ʱ˿̣λ֮ǳΪеĹǣҲţû֮ڲƽ顣

ʮ
ƵĿ⻺ɨȫüͷ΢΢һ
ʮεˣʲôֵ
ܹģ˭򵥣
ң壬çһ壬ӵԶѪ壬ʵģʮˣ϶ٶӵԶѪǿߡ
ҲΪλƻܴС⳯λó룬ȴɱҪԭ
ǵ棬Ҫǿκһˣǣּĵˣ˭ܹŵˣ
ΧһǾ͸ûϣˡ
΢壬ϰųһ
һЩģӿڣףҰ˻ģڣ˶ִܹƵ£ɫҰףһЩΪˣֲס̱ȥ¶ֵ̿ɫ
ʵģ˵ˣһˣ壡
壡
ڵĿУǶǿģҲ޷ģԣŻǰߵλϣ䵽ǰһٶȥľ档
һʱڣٴһǺΪҡ
һȺȴʲôҲûôΧţƺ·Щҵڵı֣Щè׽ӣɫ䣬Ǻڸǵ¶Ϸʵɫ
϶ѣ죡
һߣһ಻ĿķֲŮǳһ˫ϸС۾ڣ¶ɭĹâƺܹ˵ꡣ
˵ôĿ϶ˡ
˵Լ𣿡
üͷһ䣬ԣҳΪֻϣŻڵйѣֻܿȡʤ
㣡
ĿĿǿһɫʱͱĸΪѿˣɱ¶ΧĿƺˣ˺
ֱ̳֣ǹɱǻָ
㵽ݡ
ǰ˵ǸǿĿҲ˷ϣԲΪ˵һ֮˰ɣ
çһĽѵȻûмסҡ
Ƶ΢΢һУûаηĿϣսһʵľ񽣣ɱһУȻ


1936 ˶
һ仰Ʋֹ˵Щçһǿģڣ岢£
Ȼ뵽֮ǰһ˱ڰʢϣçһǿߴ仨ˮеĿ־ࡣ
ȷʵǿ壬ǣǰڣԼĿеľǿߡ֮ƣ
ˣһֱվһԪжпܣԼһ˻ΪҪĿ꣬ǣȴѾҲ۵ƣ
Ȼ£ǣȴȫϣû˷ƣôķңпܽᱻٴδԭΡ
ǳ˵ǣʱҲЩڣԼûȥıһеķ
һ̣ͻȻľãһ˵ʵҲǲȱٵһ֣ʵĸߵܹͣȸˡ
ڳЩڣϿ־ɫı飬Ǹӡ
һθоܶ飬ǿҩܹġ
һȺˣ
Сקȭͷһ˫ӿһڵĹǳҧ
һԣԼͷСڹҲ̬˫ڵӻɨܣУһ̣˳ȥ
ƣ̣վڷߣ䵱ŻǼᶨڱҲỤסƣ
СȻҪǣ뵽˶µΪ˲÷ƷģҲֻѡڷ糾һڷҸ߲ߡ

Щ֮ء
εçһǿ߿ڳƺڳЦŷƵɣѵû˸㣬ھԵǰκλжûõ𣿣
ȻڵľʱԵĵõȶǣǷƱɱôڣ뵽ΪҵĿֻŵС
Ե
ƹмƲƲ죬ĿһһЩεǿɨ˵νľ
ɱ㣬㹻ˡ
çһǿ˵ţûбƵŭƽĽĿ˻ϣüͷźۼ塣
Ǳ¶еʵҪĿǷƣ
Ȼʱȴɻƣǣ΢ǴػţƴǲԼİΣܹġ
Ƿˣôһֻʲô壿
ֻҪȵƳɳôǽᱻһһո
Բѣ
ƺѾŭˣ˫𣬱ףϵҲȻһǣЩҪֵ˼
ΪͷԷҪʱȴǷ֣ŭȴûƶŲ˼
ѵҪʱ䣿
ԶʱŴçһǿȻҲȻƱֵ֮飬ûʲôǣĸо˳
ɨܣûзʲôɵĴڣȴǵѾ˵壬ʱüͷһһĨ⡣
˵壬֪ǲġ
çһǿ΢΢һƣ˵ţֻѡ񣬵һ˶ϣڶÿһӣҾɱһڣֱԲΪֹ
仰ֱõķƵɫ֮ǰķŭҲΪУһɭϢɢĿ⣬Ķçһǿߡ
ͬʱҲõ·ڵɫֽ԰סˣҲɫһ䣬رأֱӾε˹ȥ
Ǹѵѡ
ǲѡԲãǾ̰ԼڵǴľʧ
ǷѡԲãǸǱçһ壬Ժ˭ֵܹסĽ
ͨڵľ򣬲˶ܸߣǴֻϣԼܹȥϣܹ֮ӻԼ
ֻҪҶκһ˵һëҷٴģضΪƽأϾѪ
ɱȻĶһһٵ˵ţɷ
ǲԸǣ˶ˣçһôܷ壿
ǲԸ˶ˣ
çһǸǿٴοˣгź·˵ڿˣҲˣǵػ֮ǣǵԣҪԹǾȥԹɣ
˷ƵвΪçһ壬ضͬһ
ԣֻκһֶΣƷƾͷ
¡¡¡
һ̧֣ΧĿռǱһըռ価ѣһĪѹı档


1937 
¡¡¡
ضڲţռһѣ޼ʵռ䣬ȫ¶˵֮ڡ
Īѹһɽ£õ˴ϢΪ˶ǱѪ̱ȥ
ʵˣҲֻڿ֧ţڲѪܱ͹ƺһ̾пܻᱬѡ
ĩһ˾ЩΪųڣѹѹ֮¸ûа㷴ֻ֮⣬ܶûлᡣ
һ˫˫ӣȭͷݺݵקŷһ֮ԵĿռҲǲϵѿ
ģôûã
ӵƳСߵСڹļ٣ȴҲ֪Ƕ֣ԭеļƻ
͡
ǳ಻Ŀǿ߿ڴЦǲҲ̶õӣмɭ٩֮ȻôԼԼǰɱĸоӦúܲɣ
Ƶ޶ԣõĸھˣվڹ㳡ϵˣɫҲȥ
֪ǣеϣʱȴҲ޴룬ûκΰ취õǶٶЩ䡣
Ҹǣǵѡ޴ģ壬Զɲ˴ֻ䱻ūֻۣūͣ
çһǿ߲ûֱӽΧһշɱڻʩѹһھʹ൱ȥи˵һЩ̼ŷƵĻ
Ļ쵰
ƵһƬ죬һķϵѪ˿ͷһ𣬾һħһϵϢǱ꣬飬ͺҷڴģضçһ𣬴ݲ
һõçһǿһЩԶʱŴǿߣɫҲȥ
ԭܼ򵥣ţܹõ
ˣգڣ
çһǿ߳ǳ⣬Ϊ޴Ļµɣ
ȻҪɱֵʱȴǾתΪ֮һ̣ͣһѣĸоϮԺȥ
ô£
һҧ⣬ҵʹ˹ǣӦת֮ʱĲ˳ȴõȻ
һɨۣȴǸΪȵķ֣ƺΧ˶һͬ״С
ŵˣ
ǷӦ˹ʱɫ䣬ͬʱֱת𡮱ç塯ٵ̣ǻΪһ޴ħƾ졣
ٺ٣ҵĶɲôýġ
СԱߵСڹзɭȻ˫ڵڣкɫơ
ɱһ
ʱѾ죬ǣз̹ǵ˵궼Ϊ֮ᡣ
໺𣡡
һģСֻһڣǻΪһӴľޣ׻죬ưԾ˻ġ
󣬼˿ԥģǳçһǿȥƬǰ㣬ͱصƣؿڡ

çһǿߴȣһ󣬱۳һµͼֱӱӲײȥ
̡
ͼײһ𣬶ʱǱһըͬʱҲϯһХϫһС
飡
Сǳľ޺쳹ţһܹصǰ㱬˲䣬Ǵݻͼ޴ֱӺçһǿߵؿϡ
顭
һУçһǿӴֱӱƼһı׷˳ȥУѪһ
Ȼж֮ûʧȥ֮ǣȴõʵ֮ʱǶ϶˳뱾ʵ͸һߵСԿܲŹ֡
ȻСҪ׷ʱȴεǿǰסȥ·
ҪԶ𣿡
Сûаη壬˫ͭڱŷ⣬ǿʵʰľϯ㵴䣬ȵ˶ǵ˼󲽡
һϣ
ǴʱҲʲôˣһ˵ͺһ֮˱һͬС
ǶԿ֮ʱͳ֣ĳһǿ磬·ȫϯ˳ȥǧ֮⡣
ȻЩֱҲˣǣܺù꼰ĺá
С˵Ĵ򶷣ನҲܹʬ޴棬ڼ˲֮䣬ΧĵһƬǽ壬ȥڲס
ֵʱСڹȴǴλãػСεһڷ֮ˣңСڹһֱһЩɫĶܴ³յľϯ˳ȥ


1938 
ҪЩçһǿȫɱȻǲܵģŪ̫ˣݾߣǰĻǻṦһ
ԣƲһֱʱ䣬һֱͣǵǻǰ졣
ʱڣȴгǧˣȴֻţʱֵʱˣ
֣
ƶһֱػߵĻƣֱţûаػ֮ء
ʦСģ
΢ԥһҧ˳ȥȫ汬ֱӱǽǸǿߺ˳ȥ
ţ
Ǻ֮ˣָû˼һȭֱӺ֮ϣųªӺ飬ȫ˳Ҳתת׷˳ȥĴ趼ϲˡ
ֻǣܿϧǣҲѸٱΧǿΧһţغɽӱ飬ؾ٣һƬĩյľ
һ֣ͬȴûȻȻΪӵЫʦ֮Ƶôܻڻƣһ˶ĸεǿߣȴ˺ĵռϷ磬ʵΪʵıŮ
Ȼ⻹Сڹæԭ棬ͣŶõЩçһǿ߷ǳɻ䣬СĵıܿȥԣҲŵģһĴһҲռơ
ЩԶʱŴǿˣЩçһʥ۷ǿ߾͸ӵĲˣѾ޷άַСǵĲ֮£ʬ޴³µˣҲԶԶ˿ҿ
˾쳷룡
ٴδҰõЩڻ״̬𺳵еڶǷӦ˹Ǳ㶼ѸٵĿʼԶ롣
֮Ȼ᲻ǡ
رЩçһǿѹ֮ҴˣмǸжҡ
ʵֻҪ۾ûϹˣĳЩε˲򵥣һЩżˣ˽ЩεɣӶ²ǵ
ɱƵģ
˵ĴģþһֶΣ˵κβ˷ơ
ǵóѣ
һЩԭˣɴսĴûлرܵķƣ¶˾ġ
ȷڿԼͬ屻ɱԼΪػ֮ȴ޶ԣ˭жܣǴȴܹ׷Ƶġ
ңԸ׳Լܹʲô
çһǿ߾Բ飬˽ᱻɱ
ԣһУΪܹø˻ȥ

һܷŹ
Щɢçһǿߣٴ´ʱ㳡һбĲеǿһԾ׷ɱȥ
棬һ˲Ƕת˹ԭΪ׽ȴû뵽еĲǱһͷ͵㡣
쵰
⣬ǴڷƸĻƣ̣СǰçһǿߣѪкݺݵĵͺȡ
֪˭ֻҪȥϮƣһޣѸٵķطߣбӻ
ٿΧŨĶǹĵĸо֪һεжѾʧˡ
İ
ڷѾʥ۷Ľ׾磬ʱգƱܹ벽۾磬Ǹʱֻ¾ֻзɱǵķˡ
ǶԶʱһʱǿߣڣȴһ޲ߣǱƵѪ
һеԭ򣬱ǳͷ¶Сڹϡ
һСС壬ȻŪôʯŪˣǲɵĸп
çһ壬ԶǶκڰʱڹʹˣǵһԶѪĺᣬǿӹɵģڵʱ绹ûʱǱӵ˺Ϊĵ̣һֱ۰Եգɻǰ½ϵİ
ԣڵ꣬õʯǲ٣رçһ壬λ֮ǿߡ
ǣȴû뵽徹ȻҲˣҸõֹҧ⬵ĸо

ҽ˷çһЩʥ۷ǿߣһǿߵΧ£ϵ䣬һֱڼ١
ʱǿǣǷ˷һһеĹشҲɻȥԱȡԷ
棬ǲҡ
һֱûж֡
ȻǿҵҪȥɱķǣȴʮ˫۾һֱԼһԼСıӻΧôԼ϶ܵԵĴ
ԣֻֻͣһֱѹǳ嶯


1939 ĸ
Ѷ
ֱڣ糾˲΢΢˿
ͬʱиǸжĪ
ΪֳϣһֱССڹӻǵİΣΣա
ȻʲôҲû˵⣬ȴܹоĵ
ȻҪܾݺ⣬ҪСڹҲſֽȥս֣ǣǵΪ˲÷Ʒģֻվԭأ
ʱ˭Ҳûз֣վԺڵ˼룬һֱͣڴçһǿѹµĳ
һӣǾɫĴ̼񾭡
һ̣ǳҪȥǣӻǣǣʱȻķ֣Լ
޷ȥǣֻĿʹȥʲôҲ
ģڵѪʹ޷ڸһˮ
ΪʲôѵǰʵôҪ𣿡
ӵгǿʵһ£Ϊ̫ӵʵѹЩСˡУʵ˵Ĺߡ
ԣʵһֱֿܵҴûȥ
ȻڣȴǾãԼӵ㹻ʵĻôܹЩȥڡ
һ̣ƺˣʵܹˣǣͬȴܹˡ
һУȡƿʵ֮˵˼롣
ûҪΪɱĳ֮ƽһҪԼ

Ǿ쳷룬С壬çһķƣСš
Ȼãǣ˭ܹ֤çһȫʵأ
ٳһô
Ҳߣ
˵ţĿ⿴ԶЩ뵱еڣûпǵ۾Ҳ֪ǧĿעԼ
ʱˣǾʹηçһ壬ս֮ʣʿȥ
ҵļ˳룡
ɱƵķȦƻǷԸһ䡣

΢΢̾ϢһûмȰȥǴһ˻ʸĻǰ˷糾˵ıӻͬʱռ䣬Ҫʥѧ
йŮʯıӻκζ޷ڣǾ԰ȫĵط
ȻһĻȴһֱ˵еǸçһǿߵС
Ȼ֪糾˵ݣǣһΪԵ΢ȴһֱһλԼʵµǿ߱ӻԾͺܲ
ʵģ˵ǵ⡣
ѵЩΪҪˣ
ţһõͷ
ɱ
ָŷƣǳţͬʱԼһǳŷƳ˹
ȻƵʱ򣬲ǻƣ̣С򣬶ǵһʱ䷵ص˷ߣγһǵ״
СڹҲſڣ³һڵĶܣֹǵĽϮ
Ȼȫڷϵʱçһǿȴǲټ
͡
ʱͬڣһڻǴռڵ˳Ѫм
ã
Ļһ飬ӿһɲԤС

ռܿͱçһǿߴŵЦһŷ糾һڷ֮˴˳
ˣ
ĻС򣬻ƵɫֱӾͱˡ
ôҲû뵽һĿ꾹ȻǷƣǷҵЩˣԣŸ׵ˡ

վؿڣһΡ
ҪƴǣçһǿȴԶõƴʸûС
ҧ촽ɫˣȻû˵ǣϸϢȴ¶ƽ
ӣӦúǡ
çһǸǿߺĿŷƣΪԼץ˷ƵҪš
ǣ
ƵĻƽĮˣûаɫڡ
֪Եˣ֪ۣˣ֮ɱ

çһǿߴЦ΢һգõķ糾¶ʹ顣
ǣСڣ˶ûпںʹľڸ߷ƣҪΪԼ
ҪҷҲǲԡ
Ҫҵ
û˵꣬Ʊǽӹȥ

çһǿɫҲһˣУֻҪҾ쵽쳣Ҿͻշǣ
˵䣬ſ䣬쵽һɫڳӣʱƱ΢΢һա
һʱڣ糾˱㶼Ѫɫҡ
ͣ£
ĻƵСڹͣϵɫ


1940 ɫ
㲻Ҫҵ𣿡
ĿçһǸǿߣ˫ȭקأЩ΢һ˫۾ˣɷڣһޡ
ջԴˣԭΪСڹܹؾ棬ȴû뵽ʱ©
ҲΪƣС̣̫ںİΣˣԲŻçһǿлɳã
ȻҲܽιͷϡ
Ȼǻ˲ȥ𣡡
çһǿɫҲǱˡ
Ҫҵ
ͻȻƺ˿Ҳƺˣ˵ԣ
ʦ
Сӡ
ˡ
ƣ̣СǴ󼱣ǣȴǾһֻƣֹǼȰ˵
ĻشçһǿҲǸеǳ⣬Ю˷糾˵çһǿҲЩš
޴ģ
˭֪Ƿ־ܣҲı䣬˶ȫȥǾԲĴ
ԣçһǿߣҲ۾ЩɲڷɨţƺҪôĶ
ϣҲΪһ仰һ˫˫Ÿɫӣǿ˹ڷƵϡ
ǵ֮֮ӣؼѵľҪ𣿣
ǵĿٿЮֵķ糾ˣ͸ǲˡ
ΪΣӽӣΪЩ˶ѡ񸶳Լ
һ԰׵վԭأھȻţƺҪ˵Щʲôȴû˵ڡ
ǡ
Ƽˣô֤ɱ֮󣬻ǣ
ʳ⻰Ƶ˶˿Ҫ̱ȥˣϣ亹졣
֤
çһǿٴ˵ûеѡ㲻Ǿ͵
Ǿ˵ˣһ
ƾ˵ţͻȻƽˣƺѾһУ㵱ɵ𣿡
çһǿΪ֮һȴ֪ȥвˡ
ȷ޷֤糾˵İΣɵҲװ׵Լȥûκν顣
Щ˸ƺ˼ЩʲôҲں仰ʵԡ
˵糾Щ츳ƽӹΪµ˸ûκ;ɱɱʵνֻǣȴǷƵҪܷſ
Ȼǲſܹ֤ˣ
ǷһֱڻǵıӻУǾı죬ҲɴеĿġ
Ҳ˾ᵱУĥţ׸ѡ
Ҹʱ俼ǣ㲻ˣһʥѧ
ƷֵıΪƽһĨǳǳĻȣҽ벽۵һ죬һǵġ
ȻƽһͨĻȴõçһһ
ǰǻ𰡣ںԼһϣ벻˭ܹ赲סĽŲ
һ죬Ҳçһĩգ
ô˶ϣ
çһǿüͷ΢΢˸ǣǵ˿ס㡣
Ѿȥˡ
΢Цûȥش߽͡
ôһǰʹȥ
çһǿƺЩʧأΪԼƺʧȥȨ
ǽܵʹ࣬һˣǧ򱶳
üͷһɭһߵԣõçһǿΪ֮
ƿ϶ôģֻҪȷƳɳ֮ǽ޴
ԣ˶ϣǷ
˫޷һȫĹʶԣǽ
ֶ֪Լûкôԣçһǿ߱Щ꣬һһε˶Է糾˵Ľǣȴһֱ޶ԣƺѾںǵĴһ
Ͼ˿ƶûбҪΪЩ츳Уֲ˸Լ
⽩ֵʱڣϾǺˮСЯһЩʹɫСΣŷգգ۾
׼֣
Ƶͻأڻƣ̣ССڹԺͬʱҲǳĳçһǿȥ
¡¡¡
һһЯÿһ£֮ռ䶼ֱѣ飬ͬʱϵƣҲ޵ţƺûоͷ
çһǿԤ֮ģƵȴûнڷɷ߳ǵıӻȦ
ڣǷ𣿡
վھƵ˰׿⣬Ʋͣ˽Ų


1941 
ƵػƬأ˵߶ϣʱѾ߳Ƶ˰Ȧ֮ڣçǿ߽һ֮
糾ڵ˷֮ˣſŷƣɫĪҪȰ˵ֹվΪƵˣǱ˭˽ƵӣԲܻؿǰ
նȻùŹһӣçǿ߶ΪؿŷƣԷȻĻվ̫ǵˡ
ôվˣȴηôɨӹʮλǿߣ֮оɱ⣬Լۣ֮ܶԷ˭
⣬õȻΪЦԼҸ˵޴ǿɱ
Ƶ̬ʮλǿ߽ҡͷЦпʵһУЩصϹ֮ѾѪҺ֮еȥƵΪǾÿЦ
ǵĲ࣬Ϊ˽ѪôҡͷЦʮλǿߣ޾塣
¶̬ʮλǿһۣǿ˸еɻ󣬲ȴûзַǵһĨЦ⡣
ô˵νվҪڶǰϾϣԣ
һǿ߻ֵɫΪĮһ־ӸµŷƣԼֻǶ֣
ʱ˿̣糾һ˽ɫǶŷƺƣҪǣ
ԣҵȵҲνϿϵδ
ƣ嶯ˣѪϴΪǱ𣡡
˶Ƿǲ÷Ƶȡǵô˵ƴʱѾǳΪ֮ƹ˻ʸպܹΪۣʱΪǰװ
һȺϣ
Ʒ˵çǿ÷㻰ʱɫ䣬ңңضһգʱ˽ʹѣ汬ЩѪ
ˣǻô
ƿһĻȭͷգ˫ĿضλçǿߣҧгݵصԼǶſ
Ϊ̸еʸô
çǿŭЦŷƣмϾϣھԵʵǰҲˣ
Ƿڣұ֤çպᰲɫ࣬ʵ˵⻰Щǿ򲻹ʲô
ǸçǿٶȳԷ̣ȴǱͬϣһλϸӵçǿ߻߳ĮȻؿŷƵȻԶôҲΥԼǡ
£ǿҲһۣ˵ͷΥԼǾ͵ڽԼڲ֮أǸû£ȴǶˡ
ǵķӦƵ΢΢ƫͷŻƵ˵˵ͷĳ˼˿ȥӦҵˣڻƺСε˲֪Ҫˡ
ɫʲôֱӵһ̤λçǿߵĸһһۣʱǽ˶Ǵص˰ȫ
˶ǰȫҲһɫҲ𽥵طɣɨӹʮλǿߣ΢΢¶һĪЦݡ
ʱһλçǿվ˷ƵЦݣȴûзϣ˵ǶȻûĿԡ
Լ֣Ƕ֣
λçǿ¶һϷʵ飬˫ֻأŷƣмص
Ц˫ָʮλǿߣ¶г飬Ȼȴû˿ǲڱ˫ֶŻһơ
ҪϵңƺûǸʸ񣡡
ͬʱƵͬװçʮλǿȴ¶ŭɫ
СӣϷˣȣ
ˣֱӳ֣ɱˣ
һλǿɭȻЦȫû뵽ʱ򻹻֣±ƣͬһɽغݺѹ¡
ղϵѿһƣȫ˷Ƶ壬޷ߣõһƣУԻǳΪһ̲࣡
ʮλǿ߶Ϊƻ޷֮ɱʱ򣬷ȴǻ̧ͷֱǼµƣҡͷ¶һĨɫ
ͬʱһںڹâͬһԷӿֶɫƣͬ񷶼Ҫںڹâڡ


1942 
ͻȻ䣬õçǿ߶Ϊ֮ǶŷͶԷŭ۹⡣
δ뵽ƾȻթǣ
ϣȻҵȣǿЦ
λֵǿЦϣһĹâǵȻ֪ЩںڹâһֶȴûзϣΪ־磬ûʲô˺ǡ
ʱӰڷƵߣ̧ͷѾ벻ԶƣҲЦ˺󣡡
ŻϵƱƵҲ˲䱻ݻ٣оָжƵ˵ͷμٵرˡ
飡
쿴ҲһֱۣӵغһȭһλǿӲһ£ʱղѳؿռѺۡ
ģȻʹթɱ㣬ʵƽͷŭ𣡡
ʮλǿ߽Ƕŭη׷ʩչҪ;нɱƣȻʱССڹӰǱ׷׵طƿ󣬿Щ·ɱǿߣ
̶̵һ˲䣬ƶݣѾǺʮλǿֲ߽ڰٴΣ޾ѣƺҪЩǰȻʧɫ
סҵȣİɣ
ĩ·ǲǴ
Ϊκô
̫ˣ
һһͬװŭʮλǿ߿дأ׷ǶŻ˳֣ԷƵƣŭģҪһжҪɱڴ˵أ
ǣҷް֮£
ЦɨӶʮλǿߣһĨɭȻЩɲǼ򵥵ض
ԣʮλǿҲһ㶣ʱЩںڵĹâѾǽһضֽȥȻǿסЩ޿ײ룬ǵƤ涼͸ȥ
ֶͬΣã޴ϣ
һλǿ߿𽥺ɫƤҲЦ±Ǵ߶ڵҪ͸֮еĶȳ
Ȼһ̣ʮλǿɫǱüΪѿΪǷ֣ЩǶȴûʲôЧ
˵ⶾô򵥵ġƿʮλǿɫɵóشЦ
ˣⶾȻ޷㻹ΪŶãçǿŭЦ±ǲһУǿг֣ǿֻҪɱ˷ƣڵĶض˵ֻҪʱǿԽѹ
ΣʣµĽˡתǲݶСΣǿǲ԰׵Ӳϵص亹ˮиʹѡ
û£ҰɾˣЩǻˣҲǺùģСα죬ɨӶʮλǿߣ֮е֮ɫʢ
һӿĺɫâѾȫⷽأ෴ûκ״Ϊ϶壬СȻؿˡ

һıСε³Сȫһ㣬̱£Ƽ״һǰǽСαڻС
úϢضСεǽСνˣǻг֪СεĶʱرܹʮλǿʲô˺Ҳİ֮С
Сε֮ںâҲͬһ㣬ͬˮޣϵضçʮλǿ߽й
Ƭ֮ʮλǿǷ˲ԾĵطԭΪЩǽǵ壬޷𣬵ۻѹȥȴ֣ƺǵϡ
е㲻ԾڵƺЩ𽥵ظʴ
ڣǿȱǷ˲ԾɫüΪ࣬ڶʴ֮£ĹȻ𽥵ؼԭڵܵĸʴ޷ȫӣ
Ҳǣ⵽ô£
˺çǿ𽥵ؿʼֲԾÿһӶǾ֮ɫΪڵһֿµٶȱʴÿ˵ʵʼĹֻԭȵ߳ɣ
ǵʲôȻǶԲѹЧ
çǿ߿ʼæʴȻǲСǸо֡
ٺ٣Ⱥ˻ô⣡ٺһЦضЩǿߣЦŵ˶۸ӲǺˬôȻȻ˭۸˭
ģʮλǿɫǶŭʱ֪´һʼǾ͵˷Ƶ֮УνԸ߳Ҳʱѣ


1943 
е˲ת˹çǿ߽ɫ࣬ʱƣǿʼоڵʴԽԽˡ
ԭʮ˻ǿˣЩ֮£ǵΪ½Ȼ¶˲̬֮
⵽ʲôҵ֮ܵӰ죿
ǿԽԽое㲻ʮ˱һÿ˵ɫǼΪÿضķơ
죬̵Ƚ˸صƵߣʮһֶԷƽʩѹȻСεĶȻǸʱ䣬Ҳǲûпѹȥ
ƣߣǡϾڵȻռϷ磬ʱ䳤˾Ͳ˵
Ҳ޳뿪ļ뿪Ͼľ绹ǿ⡣ҲǸ
ƳĬɨӶʮλǿߣо⣬ɱԷܹԷЩǿ߶Ļôç˵һصĴϾһ嶼ǳ˵̡
ǲġƵ૵ȭͷգϵϣھԼĵ֪Լ³çΪѾǳΪӹ˻ʸĸµһ֮
СǡƳƬ̣ǴСڹ룬˻صʥѧ
Сһ뿪ҡҡͷܾƵĽ飬ʮλǿߵϣʮΪҺ˾ԣȻûа취Ǿڴ˵أҲûκΰ취ԸǶˣ෴㣬ǸҪע⡣
廹ķƽüͷ˵ǲûе˭޷֤һζõĵ̾ǰЩˣǻڰŻ֣һԼ뿪˴˵أڰ;֮ܽɱǺ᲻룡
ССڹԱߵ˵ͷȻû˵Ƿǵ˼çļƻѾ˵ȫգǻҪֹɱ
ãʣµͽλƶŻ˵˵ĺܣçʮλǿ߽жΪǸӶԸǡ
ȥɣСӣٺ٣ƾȺСϺףҡ첻ɨһ۶Է
ԣҲǵ˵ͷССڹ˻һҪʹȥ
ǻܣ̫ɶˣ
Ƶľٶ֪ǵĴʲôҪ߶һɫǱøΪ࣬ΧЩǵӰѾǲСˣҪԷƳ֣ôҪǰЩ
ģȻŵˣСѾͷ϶Ǵ˵֮е϶壬ҲΨ˵Ķܹ˺ǣ
һçǿȺ֮ɨӶɫ԰׵СϣɫһĨ
ô˵Բ÷뿪
еǿɱ˷ǰ˵Ļɳûֹǣͻ
Ȼʱ򣬻ǸȴǻһȺǰ¶˷̵飬һ˻÷Ƶ뿪
һĻçǿ߽ǱѪǹǰôÿ˵񶼳ŭ
Сһۣö̵ش˵˽ռ֮УҲ𽥵س롣
Ƶ˵ľٶʮλǿ߸ǱףȻÿҪһгֵʱ򣬻̶֣ؽЩ¡
ɶжΪӲԭеˮƽһѪ˺󣬸ղҪ֣ȴǱһƱˣ޷ǰ֡
ٺ٣ǾˣҪȥ׷ɱûšеؽ˫ָʼʱЩȻΪûԼǿȴ˶࣬ĸһ𣬼Ҳౣһƾеľ档
ȴһˣʮ˿жһʱỹⲻˣôνǿг𱨳ԩԹˣ
˺ͷҵһؽռ䣬ؽһʮǿͣƺҪЩ˵òס
ǵŰɣֻҪһղçܹŰ֮գɴۣȻὫ峹׵Ĩɱǻʲộ
ɭȻͬﶬĺιǿжһĪĺ⣬ŷ˵óõΪʵ


1944 ȥ
ǲģ
ǿŭŷƣ÷ƽգôպ廹ç˵Ʊһѡ
ֻؿŷ̤ռ֮Уʹȥȴûκΰ취ΪһҪ֣˾֣û˿Ļᡣ
ҳɵۣȻѪϴç壡
֮䣬˷ǳɱϵػţڶô˻ɫȭͷ˻ʸĽδӣȴǱǿǰƻǷƱв
˵Īһֳ裬иǶçĳ޸֣ƵĻõеֲ޵ͷųǼŷһ峹׵ʧ
Ƶһ˳׵ʧռ֮Уļƻνȫգ
ҲģȻСˣ
ǿŭ𣬵ȴˣΪһνɱǶǿߵ̣ȴ֪ƣǵɱɣж
ٺ٣ҲνˣڵĶѹʱȰǻȥȻֻˣҲһ
ЦʮλǿʱƣڵĶ»ᷢӲ飬޾塣
çһǿߣвʣҲʮڵ״ʱǻȥڵĶһۻһĳ̶ȣǣҲܵµķɡ
Ǻݣ´ξԲ׵طŹǣ
ȻѾ뿪˵أôҲûκãҲûܻˣƴΣҲҪȥ׷ɱƣκζĴڣ谭
ǵĺݻҲƳƳ죬û̫ϣ廹ç壬嶼޿ɻĳԹǽûаգѶԷļǿڴ˵ء
һ뵽ּǿߣνĵڣ˼»˭ʹޱȣֻûնѣʮλǿһƴˣȻǿ̣úͷۡ
ǿȥçǿҲŭɫȥ¿νǳ׵˸ͷպѲΪ˵ĿдЦϣĵ̣ȴһ˶޷£һǱַʽȥ˵ǳˣ
ǿ߲ĵȥֱЦˣһҲЦ⣬ûʲô¸Ϊ˸ˣöԷ˸ưͿȴ޷
СȥӦòŶɡƬ֮ƬҲҲûǿ£ҲǻӵЦ⣬ȡ֮һصɫ
Ҳ֪ʱѾǽռ䣬Ǿȥ׷Ҳ׷ϡҡҡͷ飬ڶ̶̵Ƭ̣ܹ˶֪Ȼڱǿߣ·ϻĻͻò
СһڣӦò̫⡣쿴һ۷Ƶȥķ򣬳Ƭ̣Ҳûа취ȷǷ񻹻֡
çӦòõģȻǿΪѹЩǿߣӵ̫࣬һԳǰҾ͵Ƿ֡
̵ĵĲǲûеһһ޵е̬𣬰嶼ؼǵãһʱһнΪĳ֣һһʱڶǿߣǰҲȻʧɫ
ƾһһǳɳ󣬼ʱգȻǻĴ֮£ٴظһλԻͣһЩ彻õ壬¶÷أ
ҲöȥʥѧˡЦŵ˵ʱѾǻصʥѧҲ˵
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ˱˺ѿռȥ
ʱռ֮ڣһСڹСıӻ֮£Ѹٵظʥѧ֮Ҳǳ˲ϾһλçǿԴҪЮơ
ңǺأҵˣ֮£Ҳܿǻָơ
֮£Բˡһ֮ɫ˻ʸĸʽȴǱǿʩϮ棬ڳжбһ
İɣλȥʥѧҾͳԳ磬ʱգȻҪѪϴ壡ص˫֮гɱ¾


1945 
һ־ҲĻçĽɱжջûе֣һҲڸϻ˻ʸ·ϡ
ʥѧжٵľ룿
ƴʱǽڳһҲϣһ¶ͷðϸһռ䣬ԱߵĶ
ӦòԶˣӦûаʱҡ˫ƶһ
Ƶ˵ͷ·ӦòˣçĶƴʱҲǴ˰½һˣ
󣬷ƿһһ԰֮ɫСΣӲһĨϧɫСΣһζشǿߡ
õСοƵɫҲǵƤһЦȻеǣǿҲֻܹ֪һ㣬û̫ĺ֢
϶壬ھЩһ֣Щʮ˵
Сڹߵ˵û϶طӳԲѰ˿Կģ֮ͬУûһͷֿµĶ
´ЩˣǳԸСҲΪ޵ص
ЦЦΧ֧ռ䣬ɫ𽥵رأ֪Щʲô
㻹ڵôʱ״ƺ²⵽˷ڵһЩ¡
Цҡҡͷû˵ʲôȻʱʥѧԶԽԽһ˿ͷçķǾԲٳֵģأ
˭Ҳ˵༸ǵǿĴڣСڹСҲԲ뵽ƲȭͷаԼǿǹǿĻαЩˡ
Ȼʱ򣬷͵̧ͷɫȻһ䣬ͬʱССڹҲȻͣ¡
ôˣ
ɫһ㶣ǲԵؿ˷ơ
ĻҪͲ֪һγֵ˭
ĨĪ˵һ仰ɨӶΧռ䣬Ǳˡ
һɫһ㶣ΧɫҲǾޱȣռһ㣬ΧĿռ֮ӳȻǿ߰гˡ
һλ˭֣Щܹռ䶼Ƕסģ¾ֻа벽֮˲׾
ʱһֶ£˶ɫһ䣬ûκγɣСڹСȵסˡ
çľٶ֮󣬷ȻǲٴηͬĴЩ˵УΪԼİѱ
СڹСҲǵ˵ͷѸٵȻڴʱ˵ռȴǶȻر˺ѣӰȻس˵ǰ
һߣһŮռ֮УƿòӰŮ΢΢³û뵽εķȻǡ
ȣʸ˫
Է³ϵƶȻһŶԷȴʸ˫֮⣬ĸͷ
˵ĳ֣ȵ־Ҳǹ㵽ܹܿç׷ɱҲػռֽнɱ
Ҫǣռ֮Уûܹ֪һУֻҪɹƣ͸û˿Ļᡣ
ʸ˫˵ĳ֣ɸƵ˴ѹλͷɲһˣ˵çǿ߶ҪǿŻһĴڡ
ǻʸ˫ƸΪɵԷʷǳһ㣬ʱղ˭֪ǿᵽʲô磬οʸ˫л
ʸ˫ʲô˼
ƳסŻʸ˫ȵϵ㣬ʱֵ׼
ƣװɵˣܹ㣬ѵԼô
ʸ˫һĨЦȴһĨ㵣Ȼܹç֮еǿ֮뿪ϡ
֮ɨӶֻ˲ڣӵЦݸΪãһɱƵİվ͸ˡ
벻ҲֶΡһڸͷϣǼɵԷǸ벽ǿߣһ֣ʤã
Сӣֶζûã㻹ǵ˼ɡͷƳһ۷ƣȻǽ˼СڹСϣɫҲǱ΢΢
ԼΪ벽ۣܹԼ⣬ܹƽֵľʣ»ʸ˫ˡ
СڹСעӵͷߣҲ¶ǰδеɫնȻý


1946 ʸ˫
ƣҹζ뵽ôһ죬㻹ǻҵʸ˫ضŷơ
ǿƿ֮־㵣Ϊʹޱȡ
ʸ˫֮ǰĽѵԶԶôƶڻʸ˫ĳҲǸ跴һĨЦ˭ӶسΪаܽô
㡭ʸ˫ʱ֮һ±ǳŭⱲ裬ȫǰ˴裡
ʲôҡĪлʲôüͷ˵Էɲ⣬һУûʸ˫һЩ顣
ҾҪɱ쵰ʸ˫ɫգǻû˴ڣͺݺݵظһɫƿ
Ǹ˵ɡƲûм죬ԱߵĸͷϣһĨء
Сûаƿռ̣ʵŻʸ˫ԾǻˣܲǱս֮С
һҾͿõҪǣסͷʱСڹͷȻǰ벽۵ľ磬Ҳǲ
ԣ˵ͷƬ̣ǵСڹƿռ䣬뿪С¡
Сһʱͷԣ÷ΣԷͷ֮һһʸ˫ͷҲǶŹ壬иȻǰܹսʤԷΪǿһǧݣ˭Ҳ֪һλʸ˫Ϊʲôֲĵز
㲻ðգС㡣СҲҡҡͷԸ⿴ðա
ɨӶˣ¶һЦݣǷİɣʥѧԶȴǣӦò
Ҳֻҷģصʥѧ֮С
ǲ޳ɣǶ滹һ벽۷ĴڣΪɵԭ򣬷Ϊ˻ʸĸδϣԲκʧ
ǲͬ⣬Ҳ̾˿˵С˿Ǹͷϼ֣ǣסԷҵİȫǵǲҪˡ
СҲǺߺ߼ƺҪ֤ԼĴڿɲǰ벽ȥ
˵Ƕзһ˻ҪȰƣԴˣҲֻǿЦҪСڹǿаǴߣ߳ʾҰ
ƣǶʥѧ˲һûȰƣ෴ߵǰһ죬¶˶˵Цݡ
˵ˣ죬ҲǽĻ̻ȥҡͷ̾Ϣ
һİɣǾʥѧһȥɡ
˵ͷСλصСڹԱߣʾƲõģСڹҲǵŭ˼ʾС׼ʱ֡
ƻתڻʸ˫ϣһĨζЦݣܹһѹ㣬Ȼܹѹһӣ
Զô
ʸ˫ܲʱ𣬲֪ΪʲôЦʱ򣬾÷ƺܸһֺ޲ýǧеĳ嶯
ԣȫҲԣ¾ͺúýѵ㣡ƲƲ죬Ů˵Ļһ̡
һ䷴ԼȫҶܵʺ򣬻ʸ˫ɫΪѿָָŷƣҧǿԽɱˡ
ְɣƳûͺһʾСڹȥҪȥˡ
СڹŭȻػָԭ޴ƺݺݵ״̵ռ䣬ƣƺҪӲشƿռ䡣
ߣӣͷ΢΢һע⵽СڹĶҲǲ²⵽˷ƵͼСڹ⣬±ǳ
ͷĶң
ʱС򻺻Ʈգ˸ͷǰһû¶壬һֿȥǷıԸͷ˿ûԷǰ벽۵ǿߡ
СԼȫʢʱڣͷЩֱǲڣҪԼӡˣһ벽۶ѣô۸ͷˡ
ͷСĳ֣Ҳһ㵣ǰСǲСҪȻǳϴ
ˣӲˣҲˡʸ˫ʾûϵͬǶСԼɵͷƴ򽻵ܶΣȻǶСΪ˽⣬Ȼ֪һɲǿЦġ


1947 ٶȽ
Сڹ˽ƿ̵ռȥһƬռ䣬ҲٶȻָ̣Ÿͷ֣ǽһƬĿռȫظ˳ȥ
˵ʸ˫ƿ뿪ҲǲɵһûǣңҲܹȫĵȥս
ȻҲ֪Ϊжǿ˵ܲң
ƻм䣬ϵϢ嫵һϯֱŻʸ˫һΣҾԲ飡
ç׷ɱʵѾһɻȴԭûͷųʸ˫ȴǼʱسǰ
һΣɱģʸ˫һһεڹؼʱ̳֣ŲƻԼ飬÷Ҳǲ̣Գһζ֣Էɱ
ȣƵ΢΢Ƴһ۸ͷеɱʢնɱ˻ʸ˫֮ٺС֣ѶԷҲһնɱˣһ˰ˣ
ע⵽ǳɱ񣬼ǸͷҲ˼⣬ԳֽԷɱҡ棬ϾֻҪһĿܣ
˫ɱҪ֣
ͷ䣬ȻԼ޷֣ڻʸ˫ȴżģȻһϧڷƵУʱʸ˫ĽչǸ죬쵽ԼΪ֮̾ĳ̶ȣҪԸƣѾ㹻ˣ
ʸ˫˵ͷĬǰ϶ȻرһǿΧɫâеͬһ٣Ĥ֮⡣
ƼˣغһҲ֪ԼҪԵľһսˣԷ壬˵֮пԴؽʣ
壿Ҳˡǣ̧ͷȵƬضҪڽ£ν壬Σ
һ̣Ƶƴﵽ۷壬ͬһսӵ޷ֱӵơ
̫ˣʶһĿ֮
ʸ˫һ˫Ȼ޾ɫ˫ۣһµĲԻʸ˫ɢȥ
һ̣ʸ˫ݺݵһ֣̯ʱʮɫʴ˲鲼һƬռ䣬ŷϮȥ
ȻǼʶɫʴĿ֮Щɫʴޱȣÿһ̺żΪֲǵԼҲǳԹС
Ϊһһô
ŭȵȻʸ˫壬ǻûдɣͲΪ壬±ٴδݺݵغʮɫʴ֮С
飡
һȭ£µĴ䣬ʸ˫ɫʱ΢䣬Ϊȹ֮£ƾȻռϷ磬ǰȣΪ£Ȼǿһȭɫʴ
ߣΪôô
ʸ˫±񣬷ƵķȻϣǻĿǰս֮Уʮָᶯʣľŵɫʴϵط裬ͬһĲߣÿιƵĽǶȶǵޱȡ
һУѸٳ룬û÷ƷӦһӰûл÷ƴϢ
һһĹס񣬻ظıսʽʼûӲЩɫʴǲϵߣܵһһεĹλÿʼ𽥵ؿ˻ʸ˫
룬Ҫս
ʸ˫ˣ±һۿ˷ƵĴ㣬ҲǸһĨЦʮָȻһգǱ鲼Χľŵɫʴ˲źһںΪһӴɫֱӵس˷ƣ
һĻͷǲϵݲǸֳЦݣʸ˫Ϊչúܿ죬ܹٷְٵطӳƳһСţС֣ҲҪ֮¡
С΢ǵؿһ۷ƣϾϢжϣƱȻʸ˫Ҫϼ־磬޿ɱĲ࣬Է壬չ˶Ϊ֮ա
λгʵĴڶ˵ĽսǱԳĬս˲ûж֣ΪǸͷС򶼺սĹؼǣڷʸ˫
Իʸ˫Ʋûио⣬һжԤ֮УǶԷöԸҲֵӡ

ûаֳɣֲɫʴ£аһֱӵʩչ˱ç壬һͷȫٶӿһֿ񱩵
˲ȻʱǿµɫʴҲڣݺݵس˷Ӵ֮ϡ


1948 
ŵһɫʴΪͣͬһɫӵҶ£ݺݵسڷƴʱѾͬħ֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ֱǷųɫâƬʱ֣ϸһһضµ·һ˫ɫȻչϵţΧĿռ䶼Ƿһһ
ʥ۷ĽΪһ̾ر
µɫʴͬܵһ㣬ΨϸĲܹǿƾȻԼƣסɫʴ
һĻʸ˫ǳɫâͬһĨ𺳣Ʊһαøǿˣ
ߣҲһѣкã
ʸ˫һĨЦĻȣֱٶȳ˳ɫ£ʱһɫʴϮ
˫ֳ֮ɫֱ۽һ޴ɫʴıԿ޴ɫʴ׽ȻۿŻʸ˫һҲ¡
ν壬Ҳֻּô
Ƶͳŭȵֱۺݺݵضһ£һ޴ɫʴҲ֮Ų۾ƳǼµһɫʴƾȻֱӵ϶ɫʴȻ֮Ժ䡣
䡣
ɫʴ˲һ𣬶ʱһռ䶼ǳƮݵɫâͬɫһ㣬ȥƯֻƯ֮£صһһɱ
ʸ˫׺΢УʵЩңԼŷƽֶΣÿһԼľ綼Ǳǿȴÿһν֣ԷܹԼһѹ
һڻʸ˫֮вһ˿ҡԼöǿƺܹѹסԼ
Բܣ壬ҪسΪϴڣƶѣ
һԻʸ˫ĵԲԼһʧڷƵУභ죬ͷֻһܹ뿪
Żʸ˫ľ仯ҲǽߣƵɫâΪۣһ˫ҲǾسɫâŷһ貵⡣
ֿµͬϯŻʸ˫ƵƵҲǱüΪأ֮⣬ܵ˶ԷıҪȡԼľģ
ʸ˫ɱ⣬Σһ˫ɫâڷƵϣһ̣Ʋ¶âһεĿ𽥵ɢ
ǿɳȥ˵ܹŴδз漣ȴ֮⣬Ȼܹ𣡡
ʸ˫ĮȻޱȣٴ̧𣬿ʼؽӡ
գ
üͷƽϢһڵϢղɫʴûʲôƣְͬɫâҲԲ
ӡô
̧ͷŻʸ˫ϵƱ仯ԼϤӡȻҲ֪һʲô
һ̣Ƶһ˫ɫâ򲻶ϵţ忪ʼ΢΢ǰ㣬һ̻ɫĳȻһ˶ͬس
Ǿսɣϻ
ƵͬװͬХֻ֮ЩԻʸ˫ϵĿϢ˲䱻ݻ٣Էβκε
ʸ˫ƶȻ̣˫֮䣬һɫӡŷѾǰҲǽ۳εӡǰͶ
һΣʸ˫ʩչӡΪһθΪ£ӡһǿµĪܳⷽռ䡣
յռ䱻ɫţΪһȫɫ磬һ棬ʸ˫ף߸ϣǳķƣɫûκεı仯
˲ӡҲ͵һһεӡǰԼŶԷֵĸΪǿʢʸ˫ʱչ٣ͬ׵ľ磬ȴǱһθΪؿ£
ǿҲǱһȭ飡
ſһսķƣȻǲ·ʱųɫĹâֱ۵ƬƬøΪ£еȭͷηغݺǰͬˮϲӿһɫ۵ӡһ
أ
һ촫ʱɢ纣ХӿϯƬռ䣬ֲĴɢȵĹâһأС͸ͷҲɫء
ʱ˸еΣֿµȻ޷˺־ĴڣȴԸǵߡ


1949 ѵ
ӿ纣ɫһռ䣬ͬһɢһһϯ
ֿµĲƬ̣ǻƽһӰȻص˶ڰ֮ѪҺ
ơ
С򿴼ǵӰϢȻرÿȫĹͷžش忪ʼٵһ˲䣬СǱΪһͬɽĹޡ
ͷ㣬µʱֶ£ڴͬʱͷҲǲʾͬرƣ֮⣬һ̣С忴ȥƺΰ˲١
˫һͬ˺˿ռ䣬ͬԶǵɫǱ˲٣˵ĸһ򣬽ա
СͳŭȴǷǳǱشѹƣԼ޷ӳԽ۾֮ϵΪô
ɫ𽥵رɢʸ˫ʾһƮݣΧɫƣ
Ƶصص£ʱʩչçİƺӡɢһ˫ɫĳѾǾʧͬϵЩҲǱޱȣֱ۵ƬӡĶײ֮£ʼ𽥵ص䡣
ƴʱȫѪ죬ӡĶ˲ٿ
ȿȡ
ƻվʸ˫øӣԷ壬ǱԼһ˶սʵǼΪգһͻᱻش
ƣİɣ
ʸ˫ĮޱȣվԶͬľһ㣬ŷƣΪӵߣ֪ԼںδԲǷƵõһЩе֮˿ء
Ҫ磬Ϊһ
ʸ˫֮гɫâٶȾ𣬰ɫٶ۶һʩչӡһκδϢĻᣡ
ɣվһϣҵδȣ
Ľ£ӡѸٵ۶ɣʸ˫Ȼһ֮еӡȻرһٶ¡
һɫƺǳԽ˿ռ谭ʸ˫ŷ֮ľ벢Զգ۱
̧ͷȻʱѾçİı֮ȴδϱһǿս⣬һ̤
ԪѸٵת÷Ƶڳһ˫֮ӶݺݵһȭǰģƺҪٶӲӡ
ȡ޴ٶʸ˫һĨЦݣٶȽһӡᣬѾӡʱٶȱøΪֲ
ʱʸ˫ѾǽΪ֮ǰΪϤ壬ݸΪӦ֡
ɱɱɱ
һΪµӡ˫Ŀó죬״ħսⲻϵʱͬо
սһض壬ֺξӡ
ƺһŭӡ£˱͵سȥӶȭͷӡһ
һ̣ͬʱ䶼ֹһ㣬ƺӡĶû챬ըҲûɫĴ䣬һͬĳһ㡣
һ̣ͬʸ˫ɫҲǱ΢УȻǿͬڵɫӡʱǱƵȭͷֵסˣ
ڷƵȭͷ֮һεϵɢƺҲ˶סϷѹµӡ
ӡǶûӰ죬ǿµѹݵƵϣƾյرѪƬ̱ͬһѪˡ
ˣƵ˫֮гŷ֮ɫǲãȻȫơ
ʸ˫̲סһȻǿóƴʱӲţ֮ûпֵܵӡ
Ǵѣ
ʸ˫޸飬˶䣬ԸȥҲٶһָ۳һϸСɫâָᶯһɫâ£ûӡ֮С
һɫâ룬ƶʱǸеѹֱۿʼضҧأԼһӡԼ䣡
ǣʸ˫̫ǿᣬò˵ڷ֧Ƭ֮Ǳֹͬһɫʱǿʼ𽥵طµĲ𽥵Ӷļ¡
һ̣Ƶͫ׽авΪʱӡر
䣡
һ죬ƺضΪ֮貵ɫâٶȳŻʸ˫ӡ΢΢


1950 
ͬһ˲䣬Сˣʸ˫ӡǿ̶ȳϣӲȻǻܵˣ
ȻС¶ͼͷ֪̤ǰһϯСɫΪء
ʲôҲң
Сһ۸ͷҲߵСֱӵس֣ͬɽƣݺݵſռһģʱµĲ
ͷɫһ䣬ûϵСȻǿᣬֵһ˲䣬ȻԼ޷˵üֹˡ
˫˺󣡡
ͷڻʸ˫İΣǿأҲһûʸ˫ˣҲǳ֣嫵֮бһ貵ĹâСơ
Сûʸ˫ֵ˼ɢӡΪʸ˫һεӡμӳ֣øΪֲ
ò˵СĳΪʱƬ֮ӿɫâ࣬һӰ˶£ȻǷơ
ʱķƽȫԡѪҺ֮Уȫ¶ǿµƣǿӡоʱԼڵĹͷǾضѶ
С״Ҫ֣ǸͷзǸСóѣҲЦǵսǵԼĪҪٵԼô
ȥ㹷ƨԼ
شСֱܻӵر֣һضŸͷҿǻòͷˣҶֹ
һ̣СƾرȻؽ޷ӳ۾ΪǼˣΪƸͷԿ⣿
¸ͷͬŭξ֮еһҶۣСǺ嫵ǰһִԼʱᱻǿƸѹ
߾
ͷȳǿߣͷ֮һǿߣȻҲѰ֮һصԼƣͼп⡣
ǿǱҺ˫һĨɱƣ
ͷҧصصΪڻʸ˫ģСҲԸ⿹⣬ʸ˫һնɱ˷ơ
СǿƳ֣оһֲСĲһг֣ôͻʸ˫һεļƻ¶Ҫա
ң
СʱŭΪ񣬾ȻԴҪЮһŭһ̣Ҫͷնɱڴ˵صͷԼ޷˲նɱԷһ͸˻ʸ˫Է֣
С岻ʱͻȻ˷Ƶ
С򣬲ҪңһҺս㲻Ҫ֣
÷ƵС¶ɫͬͷͻʸ˫һĨ𾪣ȹ֮£ƾȻܹվ
Ȼƶ˵СҲ˶ֵͷѾΣһ˷֮ʣƴһҲ·ƣ
ʸ˫һĨ֮ҲٶȻָĮȻղŵһӡӦǿ÷Ƴ׵ʧȥսСͷ֣ΪֵһɫȻʱӦֱӵڵϣﻹлվǰ˵

ͻȻ֮䣬ԭžռͻȻһЩžĻһøͷǿ߶Ϊ֮ļµɢ
ʸ˫ɫ׵ر˻Ѫķƴʱҡҡλεվؿڷϵ˿ڣ𽥵ɫâһš
췣
Ϥ췣ǻʸ˫ҲɵȻΪ壬վ췣ǰɿ־塣

ת۽Էֵ֮׹ǽ˶УһɼΪԷѡ
ԭƵദУеĵط¶ɭɫĹͷҪŲɫڽƻ򲻵֮£ֻܹ߶Ԫ֮е췣ڵɫӶ޸ƣȡʱ֮ڻָս
Ƶľٶʸ˫üͷ壬֪ȡʱָǰڶ췣ֿ񱩵Իһееļ£һʱ֮ҲǾ岻ǷҪ֡
Ȼ̶̵ļӣЩɫѾǱ췣֮𣬶ũҩҩҲѸٵڶʱ֮ڣϵƻָԭ
ı仯ƻ˫޾âӿ֣һ̣âƣ˿մȾ˿˿âƻƣһֽĿϢȻӿ֡


1951 
˫һ˲䣬ڵԪǼٵתΪṩԴԴϵ췣ֻ֮ƣϸ΢âԾ
һе췣֮ɢƴʱϵѾǾظԭ建գŻʸ˫ңңӡ
ڷƴѹʸ˫ʱ˿̣ҲòضԴķƣٴζڵ췣֮Լһξ췣֮һ
ռ֮ڵնȻǱϵâϵ˸һּΪѹֵζһ̣΢΢ǣ͵һա
ʱϱǱǿҶ貵âͬ췣٣һ̣ǻʸ˫Ҳòݱ˫޷ֱֻļ
໡
Ƭ֮貵â֮дâӿ֣ͬļ²ѡ
ʸ˫˫ڷƵߣŰ˵֣ǻâ٣һ̣ƽǻ췣֮һ㡣
壿
Ц˫֮г޾âڶ췣֮Ѿȫ޾Щɫǰڻʸ˫ͬһɫҲ޷ơ
ռ䣬ɫ췣֮⣬ռһγˮ֮ơ
췣֮ΪƵЯеѹ࣬ҲǰǰսҪɫְš
ƳһɫôÿĻʸ˫ӡҲỺطȵ
ٴʩչçİ壬ͬħ񣬻ɫ磬޴ĳ򣬼Ӿ𺳵ֱƬʱ˿ǻƵâһ𣬸Ϊˡ
໡
ƺ䶯Ƿͬһһ̣ϵâѸٵܽγһشڡ
ʸ˫Ƥֱ󣬵Ҳʶ̧ͷߵɫѸٵӿǰƶâγһŵľ档
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸ˫ɫǱøΪѿΪǴɫâʱ˿Щâ໤Ӵ֮󣬾Ȼǿʼ𽥵رһ㡣
ٶȼΪǻʸ˫ȴȷеظܵԼӵеڷ׷֮ǰûκοܵĿܣ
ɶЩ췣֮
ʸ˫νǼΪ⣬ʩչ׷֮Եжֲ췣֮¾ڣƻȻĴУ޷ֽ
֪ӡΪǿĽֶΣ֮ȿµķֶΣһƵ֪֮һǷֵܹˣ
̧ͷЦһ֮ɫĻʸ˫գһѸٵγɣһɭɫĳǴ췣֮ɣżµƻ
˵仰֮󣬷Ƶ΢΢һԭʧһ̣Ѿǳɫâľ޴򲻶ϵ÷Ƶٶȴﵽ˼¡
ɭɫĳڿһӰ֮췣֣֮õÿռ䶼Ǹһĺۼ
ʸ˫Ӧ»֣ͬһɫʱӿͬһˮֱƶȥ
˵췣֮ǰЩνҲֽϻѣ
֮ɭɫĳȻȻ£һɫĽЯſµ췣֮Ȼǰӿɫ

ɫĽâЩɫûаֵͣ٣ֱӵͬпֽһ㣬һǾؽһͬˮİɫնء
һε췣֮۶ɵΪֲƵɫ֮ҲǼŻʸ˫ķȥƺһҪʸ˫նصơ
Ȼʱ򣬻ʸ˫Ҳٶ۳ӡղɫâ赲ɫâһ˲䣬ǽ۳ӡ
䣡
һԻʸ˫Ŀ³˫ֱǺݺݵǰ۶һӡҲѸٵ£췣֮۶ɵĽâһ
䣡
һ죬ɫɢĻĵһ£ӡȻ췣֮˫˫ڰС
һĻʸ˫ɫüΪѿǰӡ뻹ܹ÷ˣǴʱ˿̣ٶʩչӡҲԷһâ
Ȼһ̣ʸ˫ͫױǽΪǰķѾȥټæɨܣȴҲûзַƵټ
ʸ˫жʱͷ½ż㣬ٺˣһϷʵȴ
ƺеˡ


1952 ֮
һ̣˲Żʸ˫ΧЩɫɣͬһĻ䵽ͷУʱһ־㵵ɫʱżʩչ췣֮νסˡ
㵱ʸ˫ųĹâҲǱƵһ췣֮ȫڸסΪǿȴֵص־췣֮ܲѰ˿ˣȻҲһ
С򿴼ƴʱǿƣҲһû˱Ϊ췣֮Ŀֲڷ̥ʩչ
ɫ˫棬˸ľɱ⣬һΣԲʹ˷Źʸ˫ʱҪʦҲԲݣ
ǰüΣԼųʸ˫ȴһֱȻӰ죬ûбҪȣΪ鷳
ǣ״һʸ˫͸ͷɱԼ֣պվ۷֮ϣ
оϴıɱ⣬ʸ˫һֱĸо֮һ־裬ģĸоһֲ
ߣƿЩ췣֮ѣΪԼô
ʸ˫ĮȻ֮һĨΪŨɫâʱΧѾ췣֮ɢɫâٶļ
嫣췣֮һУּµһ𣬲˼ľ棬ɫϵǵռѺۡ
һռ䶼ĩ٣޾վ𣬴Ӷָٶȱѭֹ
վǷƵ췣֮ռϷ磬ʸ˫ô߶Ҳûа취ס־棬Ϊ췣֮Ǽµƻ֮
һ̣ƵߣŰ˵ƼΪˣʸ˫ʩչ˷ƣ˵ȴǽԼΪ£ûʸ˫ҧʹ޲ѡ
ֵɣ췣ֵܹ֮ˣ
΢ڲϵش߶췣֮йͬʱǽǰʸ˫˵仰ԭⲻطȥָоиΪ졣
Σ𴫳ΣΪԼΣվҲԼ°ܽ
˵ѣռ䶼ǳּ߻ʸ˫òǱƵ˲ѣ췣֮ûκεֵĵȻӡҲ޷ֹЩ췣֮ɡ
֮
һ̣ʸ˫ִһΪɫâ췣֮ǰ촽ᶯһһɬԡ
Ƽˣ˫΢УȻ֪ʸ˫һ̾ҪʩչǿƷ˫֮ҲǼӿ˽ٶȣϵŰ˵ڣѸٵػǰɫ
Ȼ߶ʸ˫ǺķƬ̵ʱ䣬Ѿ߶֮תۼ䣬ȫѾǱһּΪ貵ɫâ֣Щڼʱȥͬһɫ¡
˿̵Ļʸ˫ʱøΪͬ飬ÿһ΢ľٶƺܹһж𣬷˿Ʈ֮䣬ռ
һν֣ҵ֮ѾǱøΪ¡
ʸ˫ȻصĽʥ׵ʱͳִ˵֮еǿ߶ڲ֮ء
֮µķ췣֮ԴʱĻʸ˫ƺҲûǰЧҸΪµǣƸоʸ˫̧־֮䣬Լһεѹ
ƺ˲١
˫΢УȻظ֪ʸ˫ʱϢϵţ۶ɫâΪ䣬ұÿ£췣֮Ҳղһ浹״
ۿɼʱ˿̻ʸ˫ʩչΪŸΪ£һн֮
Ҳˣ췣֮վԵֵˣ
΢΢ϣһΧİ˵ʱܵƵһ㣬һ̣һ
˵գƼΪˣ˵Я޾ƣݺݵسŻʸ˫ڵĵطȥģҪӲؽʸ˫޾췣֮֮С
䣡
֮ʣʸ˫Ҳû֣ʱҲǽһӡ߶ΧЩһɫâʱͬһ㣬ɢſµĲ
һ̣ЩɫâͬҲǳͬϯϾĺһ㣬ǴӰճµİ˵ݺݵײһ


1953 ໥
Щɫâʱٶ۳һΪ޴ӡЯ޿ƣʩչ֮֮󣬻ʸ˫ʩչӡΪǰΪ¡
䣡
ǿӡŰ˵໥ײһ𣬲û̷ը෴ǻؿʼʴԷһΣΪʸ˫ʩչȻԼܹ췣֮⡣
ĽɫâϵطӿţһʱҲûзֳʤĿܣ˵ԼԣûзƵĲݣҲܹнй
˵ڿ֮󣬷ƵɫҲһƬ̣еɫ΢΢һ˱ٶ׷ϻʸ˫ûиԷκδϢĻᡣ
ʧȥػ㣬ʲôʸһս
սƵϣʸ˫ҲŭҲǶӭķûκεضܣϵصָĶһһɫâͬؽ
ÿһɫâ̺ĪĿֲ֮ռ䲻ϵѿһڵѺۡ
໡
ǵµɫâûа벽ãսڣеɫâʢϵ¼£һһɫâ
Щâ̺֮췣ֲ֮ɫâҲǰˮƽ֮С
ʱƣʸ˫ָµɫâԽԽ࣬ÿһ̺û˿ؼͬʩչЩȫҪġ
֮Լ֮Ե΢Ǳķƣʸ˫һĨЦ⣬еĶȴûͣ٣ǲϵصɫâ
ƴʱռϷ磬Ϊеĳ췣֮۶ɣʱ֮ڵԪвϵתţŷΪ貵췣֮ԴԴϵڽеɫ
־ȥȻǻʸ˫Ķ֣Է壬ĵ𣬵ȴܡ
ȥɾͲˡ
Ƴû̧ͷƳһǰ֮вϻཻ֯һҲ΢΢³һܣô֮еİ˵ҲǻܵӰ죬ᱻǰѹƣԲǷڼ顣
Ҫر˻ʸ˫ֻҪˣôܹʩչΪҲǻܵӰ죬Լݵİ˵ܹȵռϷ硣
뵽ƵҲǲٳɣçİЧڣһЩɫ·΢΢ųâʱһ˫ɫҲǱøΪӡ
³һеսڵ㣬˫ɫϵۣڷƵͫһ޾
еɫƺյ˷ƵĸȾҲǱøΪ΢زԼصƾܡ
һ̣˫ᶶ˻һɫĲӰŻʸ˫ڵλñеɫ֮Ϊһ޴âֱ
ʸ˫ֳʤɣ
Ƭռ֮Уȴ͵âĽʣ˷ϵʸ˫֪һľȻ֪ҲԲ׿赲¡
ʸ˫ɫأƵٶ̫ˣһɫĲӰһ˲ҪԼǰȲϵ˺۵ɫâϵشҪʱ׼Ƶһ
Ȼȴûдֻᣬӭɫâûκεرãֱӵһӳʱһ޴İνâЯ췣֮ƻضЩɫâ
䡭
ըϵɫâɫâ˫˫𣬶ƵҲǼٵǰʸ˫ûа취ֻǲϵغŷƵľ롣
꣡
ͻȻطƵ΢΢ͣһ£ǿ֮Ѫԭڸղһ˲䣬ɫâɫâֱӵû˷Ƶ壬˴ˡ
ҲƳһԼƣҲûκεͣϳֳһ͵Ĺâũҩһ˲䣬ǽƸϣ壡
һĻʸ˫ɫΪأĿǰûиõİ취ֻսϵԼľ룬ӶԼ㹻ʱз
֮УƵ岻ϵرѪʸ˫ϵشɫâܻôԳƽâķ˷ơ
ũҩƣƵٶҲһЩӰ죬𽥵أŻʸ˫ľһһľ롣
ʸ˫ʱҲһһĨȻ


1954 
ڻʸ˫ֹһĨȻʱ˫ҲǻظֳһĨмɫââ֮ƺƬռһжǼž̺żƻ֮췣Ҳǻƽ

С˫˵ľâضŴʱʸ˫˫֮иֵһɫâּԵ˵ʱʸ˫ѾǴ߶ƵĴеΣˡ
񾵣
ͷĻʸ˫ľٶҲ¶Цݣһ˭棡
Żʸ˫ľٶҲ˲ֹͣԼΣ̱ˣĲȻʮּɵһԼʩչӡòˡ
ȻһΣ㶯˷ӡҲûаսһεĹΪʸ˫Ʊ֪ԼƾǷӡһεĹԻᳬԽһΣ
ʸ˫еһɫâ𽥵ȶӵɫתһµƾ˸о
һΣҾԲ˿ŵĿܣ
ʸ˫صʱѾǸһĨ԰֮ɫƶĺˮϵص£Ȼ񾵵ϿɣľҪ߶ƱҪ൱޴Ĵۡ
ΪնɱƣٴĴۣʸ˫ҲҪҧܣ
𽥵¶Ŀ־˵Ҳ۵ؼ㣬ʱ˿̣ռ췣֮ȻŲ̬֮
üͷ壬ʸ˫ʩչԼȫǴƣѵԼܹʩչӡ⣿
ͷڷƵһǱˣβһ㣬һԱ߿ţܾˣ˵Ҳ˳ֹһβһ
һȫ֮սǻʸ˫ԲԷȥĻᣬԼǼ˷ӡҲԳܲһ
ʸ˫ŷƵɫòϣҲһĨЦȻԼֻǴ߶һιҲ㹻ˣҪһξͽƳ׵ɱ
һнɣ
ʸ˫ĮȻޱȣȻҧԼָ⣬Ȼһ̺ɫâѪҺ䵽֮Уʱͬһ㣬µĲϯռ䶼άֲ
תһɫâȥԣʸ˫ؾٸ񾵣ңңضŷƣһּΪѸٵۡ
ˣƵüͷŸûнжܣΪ֪ˣȻٶٿ죬ҲӲ
µ񣬷ƵľνؾƺҲû˿İ취ܹһεĹ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƵԺ֮һͷ֮¸ԼǾſžԪбǲϵź
ſžԪ̺֮ޱȿ£Ȼʸ˫ִûȫؽӳԼǿſžԪԼԪΪµĻԼδⲻûһս֮
ĺҲǼΪأĿǰʣ޷ſžԪһǿԼܲסӴӶ
ͷԳ֮󣬱һֱ֮ȥƲ붯ΪûаգǿԼ侲ͼȥѰİ취
ͷ֮ϴɢʼԽԽ£ƺʱܹ÷Ƶǲ
ƴˣ֮⣬Ҳûİ취ԣ
غһе׿˻ر˫ʼȻڵľſžԪ
ŷ𽥱˫ɫСǸͷǻʸ˫ʱһ£ɫǴҪô
֪ûлˣҪԴô
ʸ˫ɫóɱ⣬ãƲֿ⣬Ǳٸߵ񾵴ʱѾ۳ǿҵ
ʸ˫˫촽ᶯϵɬһ̣𽥵ų貵ɫâ۳һ㡣
Ȼʱ򣬷ƶȻ˫ʩչçİҲ˲䱻ɢһΪǿ֮
˫Ŀ죬Ӿ֮ͨɫֱϵǾظ֣ڳĳʹһ㣬ʱ˰֮ʱµ˻лʸ˫ˡ
ʱعעԼԪ֮Уʱ֮žſžԪš


1955 
ſžԪ֮Ƴ۾õģ̺жô嫣֪
ʱȻͬһ㣬ǣҪסöԪȫǲܵ顣
ǣڻʸ˫ı֮£ǲôҲԻᱻշ飬ɥԣƲѡðſžԪ
顭
һƵըӷڲϵĴͬʱҲɢһѪɿݵĵѿȥǿɲ
ҪʲôѵҪ磿
ʸ˫ͷЩɻĿԼŪôңͻˣֻʣ¶Կأ
֮ѣ
ʸ˫һĨĻȣڸ¶м
ǰͻƣҲûκãǣƴʱܹͻƵ벽۾ϵľ磬Ȼǳʥ۷ŽףҲԵס
ˣѵǾſžԪ
ܵ˷ǹɱӴСɫҲһ䣬ʱæĽеƣϽͣڸ޷ܵסȥֻ㱬ģ
ƵĳɳУò˵ܶʱΪҲҪпʷƵ츳ȻΪ֮ܵĻ飬ȴǾſžԪ̺жôĿɲǿڵҲ˵Լܹܵ
Ȼ֪ǣڵѾƵĿˡ
ھſžԪʼߵʱѾеˣԣҪͣǣȴ֣ſžԪȻѾȼըһѾ޷ѹˣԣֻĿžſžԪڲϵıΪ˲Ҳֻѡȫά档
Ȼ֮ԼܹоԼ壬һһı
վǻҵУ
ʸ˫ľе³Ļ
ǴϣΪЩǷƻὫһЩص˵һֱ޷չֳٷ֮ٵʵȻ˵ĿռڣȴûⷽĹ˼ˣ
¡¡¡
׹һһŷ⣬һ綴أɢŷշѹ˹ȥ
ꡭ
һ⣬ڷǲ췣֮ϣʱ绡ǲһ췣ڼٵıš
Ҫɲô׵飡
ܵ˻ʸ˫ıɱ֮ģҲһĨ֮⣬ʱҲ۾Ǿͻưȫͻƣͬھ
䡭
˼ѹǾſžԪʱǾſžԪǾĺˮȻϯ̣ϵһµ·ǱˣҲһѪˣȥǴӵħһ
⡭ôܣھȻǿڣ
ܵӷɢǹɿֲʸ˫ɫҲһ䡣
ΪǹɲѾܵв
Ҳٸκλᣡ
ʸ˫ɫһʱһ˫ͫ׾ȻʵɫʱʯһҫۣҲŷһǿ⣬£ܶǾ뵽֮ڣʱZ֮ϵĲͱĸΪǿˡ
ꡭ
һģһʵĹ췣ķֱӻ˷Ӵ֮ϣһѪͬʱҲƺɵĵ˿ȥ
ۡ
ſڣƱһѪǣȴûоúܣ෴ģȴǾǽӽȻתǹɱȻܵһѹơ
ʱƱһµ뷨ֱӸж֮ϡ
ɱ
һЯһɷһħһֱӱǲһеĳŻʸ˫˹ȥ
ڴ;УȻ赲ң֮£ҲֻһֱѹŴ򣬸ûз֮һһһεĻ˳ȥ
ȻȴǷһҲѰ·ɶ˻һһһεײȥ˿ѾƲ
䡭
һǿĲɢƵƶʱһأľ磬ҲֱӴʥ۷Ľ׽׵ĵز
Ƕ̶̵ļڣſžԪֱһ֮࣬ңַڼûͣͬʱϵƣҲڲ
ѵǡ
һʱ֮ڷٴһ֮󣬻ʸ˫ڿһʲôҲ׷ΪλɱԵľٶˡ
ȻҵĽݣʹˣ


1956 ͬھ
ڷɱԳĹ̵Уʸ˫ˣԼƺ޷ѹסڵǹɺ嫵ΪҪԼѹԼڱߵ
˷Ƶ֮󣬻ʸ˫ܹŭ
ףôȥĻǷƣǵȷƽһľ磬ֻ»Ҫˡ
ɶļһʧɣ
ʸ˫һĨȻһҧ⣬һЯɫѪҺнֱе֮ϡ
ûը뵽һƬžУͬʱСͷУһ貵˶޷ֱӵգӻʸ˫ҫ۵Ĺâϫһ˲ϯ˷
ͷһ˿ԥģֱӰȾԶȥƺڶʲôˮһ㲻ԭͣ͡
ãƣ
СɫҲһ䣬һʱ뵽ǷƵİΣͷ෴ȴǳŷڳȥҪƾȳ
ǣܣȴǳǿСȴڣڳȥ֮󲻾ãҲǱ׷˳
ˣɳķƣǾ͸Ӳ˵ˡ
ʸ˫ԼľѪȻĲǣȴҲ̺ôһ˿˿
ֻһ˿˿Ҳǳܹסģʱǻʸ˫ǵ۾oҲôһ˿˿֮¡
ԣѹʱ򣬷ƱǴǿ񱩵˹ǣҪˣȴѾˣҲˡ
ܹĸܵһ˿˿̺ܣԼķĳ£ֽһıû˿ÿԡ
ˣ
Ժֻôһͷû뵽ԼȻڻʸ˫ŮС
ģȴҲֻĿԼһı
뵽Լһμʸ˫һʼŮ˶Լû⣬ΪͼıԼеɸþĻҪȡԼȴû뵽⵽ɸɡ
ȻԼȴ飬ûȡǣ÷û뵽ǣʸ˫ǵû㣬ԼƣʱʱҪɱԼڡ
ʱ򣬷кڣ֪ôҲҪȡŮ˵֪֮ǵȣҲҪ
һ̣ǵķԼ壬Լˡ
ͷǿʸ˫һͬɱԼʵҲ˵ȶԴԼ̬ȡɳǿߣô弸ûҴȥĿԡ
Ͼŵа޷ȣ壬ȻӲֳܳԽаˡ
ҲҪµ
ǧͷԺ󣬷һĨڸܵѵʱֱǾſžԪ
ͬھɣ
ŮĻʸ˫¶һõЦݡ
̡
Ƭž貹âУʱٴһӴĢƣ޴ϫϯһУСѾ˿Զĸͷ׷˳ȥԶԶ˶ԵĺǱ
ƣ
Сзĺ˫ͭͫڷһѪ˿
ܹܵĵǹϫ̺ϤͬʱҲǴʲô
һԣͷҲòȥϾǻңǳϫûͣͳȥˡ
Ϊȵĺĳ֮һ̫ʸ˫ļֵˣȸʧ
޷ǻʸ˫ڴˣȥ߲֮ôķŭǿܣĳ϶еġ
ˣ£Ȼȱض̤ƽ壬Ȯ
ͷĿЩɲзҰް˻Ҳ˺αƵߣ¶Ѫһ档
ƾȣ
СҲͷϣôһ𣬶ʱҲŭΪֻȲй룬ضŮʯշƽȣ
ң
ͷҲʧˣһɹӴɢǼҪ֪ʸ˫ͳȥСƴһˡ
ңڴģκʧһȸӦеĴۣ
Сͺ̬ȲǿӲҸЯв
ԶʱǸȫʢʱڣܻȥȵȨڣʱһˣܹˣȻûСֻҪаһȵĺĵشûйвţܹӦȵǿߡ
ֵʱڣһſɲϫҲĵȥûκԥģǳűըĺĵشȥ


1957 ʧ
޴ıըʲôûʣ£СͷʲôҲûҵƣʸ˫׵ʧˡ
ûκϢ
Сɫѿ˼㣬һԵĸͷҲòȥ˶һĲš
޷ţƺͻʸ˫ôʧˡ
ֻ뵽εľұըȴǳ˹ȵס
Ȼƺͻʸ˫ʲһеѹͬ䵱ˣǣǱϾûĳɳĳ֮£С͸ͷ˵ԼܹҴ
ѵѾ𣿡
СૣŲûǰȣ˸Żҵɫ
֮һʦ֪һЩΪ˲֪飬Ȼ֮ѡ˷ƣԼ˸ƣô׵ȥˣ
СԸţǣĸ֪ȴѰҲڷƵһ˿ϢǴ˼һʲôҲûʣ¡
û뵽֮ǧµľſžԪǵûаƣ
ԣⲻԾ˫壬ôܾôˣ
ɨܣʲôҲû£ͷȴǷЩ쳣ĵط
ȷղŵıըҲסǣⲢǹɳܹݻ
ɵģ̺ôһܹٵģ
ȻȴŻʸ˫һͬʧˡ
⻰СҲһ
˵ڻɸӡƷôҲܾǱըбݻ˰ɣ
ˣǾȥˣʧģ
СЩ˸ԺϸĻط֮ǰһĻĻ
ʸ˫ƶƤ뿪뿪ҲԻǿ϶ġ
˵û뿪ôǵȥȴ޷͵
Сͷһۣ˫ƺͬɻ̣ڵɻǱ˷ŭ
Ϊ˶ۣ
ȽΪ˶ۣ
ͬʱڣɷŨвŭ
ʸ˫ȺҪǣƶ壬СԣȴǸӵҪ
ͷȴĵ̣ҲûǸɱСԣûкСѡȥ
쵰
ڵռڣС𣬺ҰþòϢ
̺ͻƸʱ򣬱ǼһʧǵС򣬶ʱжӿһɲԤС
ʲô£
ƿʣüͷ
˼֮СƺŻعһƳһֵۣͷȥ
ܹо﷢һս
̱۾΢΢һΧĲ˵
أ
Ƶüͷĸˡ
Сȴɲش𣬵ͷĬ
ⷴӦеǹɲԤиǿˡ
쵰㻰Ϊʲôش𣿣
ŭüһһţֱ˦СӴϣ֮߷˳ȥԶǧ׿⡣
ѪСȴоһһҲ
ʧˡ
ڻ̵׷£СڲǿڣŷŭҲŲʣбˡ
ʧˣ
û֣̲˿ȴҲһɻĿС
ʲô£ôܻԵ޹ʵʧأ׷ʡ
ȵˡ
С̾һ˫ͭȼŭ𣬻Ľľϸ˵
ȣ
̵üͷͬʱһ壬Ƿŭ
벻ͷ֮һֲҪ飬˵еа¼϶Ҳˣ
Щҧгݵ˵ţһɹǿĲھϯзŭƽ
ȣǰװһòȻӣԾӣԣĿУȵĺøԶԶĳ²塣
ǲģ֮Ҫȸۣ
С˻һ˫۾ͨ죬ɷڳ塣
㣬ǻƻ̶ûзԣңǳͬ
ǷԶʱڣȻȥȻڣȴǲһˡ
Ȼ˻ʸҪӳ飡
ƺôҲ侲Ͼľɲֹۡ
ڷƵλϳ飬һشĴʿ϶ܵһӰ죬ԣǲܱס۾²ܡ
ȵ鷳ʱԣǣǰϲãΪçһĴʱܻῪڡ


1958 ƽ벻ƽ
С򣬻ƣص˻ʸȻȴûмƵӰȻɡ
ҵأ
Сεһ׷ʣȻûо˼ն񣬵ǣȴǺܶµġ
ʻСҲΣ֪ôȥشֻܵͷ
ȻǵȴѾǣõжһ
ȻңǣȴûţŷһȥЪϢǣȴ⵽˾ܾ
ĵ˵ɣֻܹ֪ܵƶôˡ
Ȼ۾죬ȴǿǿߣߣŮҲǿҧ촽ȥЪϢ
糾˸Ӳ˵ˡȻǲҪõϢǣȴɻǱôһ˿˿ҡ

Сƣ̶һۣǿڻ˵š
û£
һʮӴſڴȥǿһ׷ԲԵ˴º͵Цݣ˽
˻¶һ翵ʣ粻Ƿ֮ˣǴ˵е֮
ʦ
λˣǰһ̬ȹӭȥʺá

糾Ҳϳλˣɵһ
λˣ칬Ĺ
Ǻǡ
ЦݣĿڴɨƣСֻ̣ǴһЦûκȴоһֱ˵Ĵвɵһ
λ칬ĹҲ˿С
ʦؼΪصһȺˣܹ֮Ͽδ͹ȥ˼
˵ЩʦԸ壬ܵϱĴΪȻȴûôѡ񣬶ĬĬŵ壬ںɽ硣
ûܹǿʦȥʲôǲĸԸǵԤԣҲû˸ȥš
νԤԣһССĸıһˣһٲ֮أ
˵ĿɨСεʱ΢ͣϵЦݶʱŨ˼֣Ȼɨأߵʱ˵Ŀƿȴܿٴηϣ׼ȷ˵ϡ
˵жôĲ෴ģȥ̫ͨˡ
ϴΣڷƵĻϣ˾ͼǣû̫⣬ǣٴμȴһֲͬĸܡ
ֻҪƳϹˣ˾ͻģȻȴ⡣
ϣƺһƽƽͨˣ츳һ㣬һ㣬û̫ĸԵ⼸㿴ȥע̫ĳɾ͡
ʣλںɽʢʥ˰ɣ
˲ûȥͶʲô෴ģվǰһƵʵ
⡭
˿أȻǻĵ˵ͷСŮֻһҩʦֻ˵Ϸƶѡ
ӴԲӣ˶ƣǷĵġ
˸˸°ϵİ룬ȻЦݣǣ˫˸˸ͫȴ͸һŨŨɻ
ĳɾԲϿô򵥣һƽӹˣôҩôĳɾ͡
ңΪĽչٶȣҲ˴ΪԾ
ˣ˵ǲ̫ľȣǣȴһֱ½ͺɽڣƶĿռڣҪĳɾͣǷƣҲ԰쵽ɣ
ˣ򵥣
Ȼε׻εȥȴɿ
Էͬһ㡭
˵ԣȻһֱȥܿǷſء
ţһ죬ǰƽŮӣ󷽹ʣΪǸܹıˡ
ڵ½ɽ磬Ϊľٶı䡣
ţϵЦݸŨ˼֡
ʦǷ֪ҼҺƶ䣿
ΪƵĸףȻķưΣģǿʵ
˷ģǶû£ңһܰȫĵطֻǣҪһʱܹˡ
˲û˵ĺȷģģģǣȴ˿
λ칬ܹʱȻΪ˺ǡ
ǡʦҼҺƶҪòܹأٴʵ
ȻԷƵȥеᣬǣ֪ǰȫģõزǽŵķ
˵ܾͻбˡ
˸˸°ϵİ룬Це˵ţӦ硣
⻰Ȼûм׷ȥҲΪĵ⼸õĴڵյõ˻⣬رС򣬻ƣˣǳĺ˿
ΪǽͣҲδؽ͵⵽ܶ໳ɣȻλȴһĻԤԣ


1959 
Ϊ칬ĵõԭĻ̵̻˻ʸƽƣ̣СȻʱܶʲôҲȥƣǣȴŭкçһͷϡ
⵹ǿçһ壬ΪʮǿߣȴΪСεľ綾ͷʹڵľ綾ûȫֻһֱĿնɱǿߣݻһС
һݱҲõͷϵȥʿ±ʱǷ֣ԭҲԼеô¡
ҲΪСɧţçһҪļƻҲˡ
ܲܲԼ壬ȫɣȻܹɺܴǣǻʱǵڣеĳжữΪ棡
ң϶֮Ҳ֪Լ޷ʥѧ
ǴٽļƻȻʱǳǣȴһֱжţҺöϵǻôһ֣ʥѧɳ˴ǿѲӣԣȻһǣȴǽʧ͡
öΪǵҲûзƺʱҲûɳǿߣԣ˵Ǵá
ϾĹҪԸ壬ػһҲӲ
ңľҲǺȶԴϴκŮӻص˴֮󣬴һǰһõ磬ֻҪаƵΪܵ󱩷ķһֱԷΪֹ
ڼǰҲΪͷԭһԴ󷢳ƣڰ֮ڣΪƽأӴ˳׵ʧ
ֱ磬ΣõĴͷ伸ܹͷᲢˣо֮䣬ѾΪĵͷ
ڴȺ̬飬ͷȴǳĬûκεľٶΪʱͷľ뢣ػһ峤һ
ԯͷַʲô飬ôææİ
һȥмƦӣǴһĨааЦ⣬ǽݣǴС
ȴǸһ£ΰɷǵߡھǵĮƺѾķپ쳾
ɷǰȻû˵ǣػһ峤ԯʱҲЩͷ
һ󣬻һ츳ķƣѾĵˣȻԯȴʮ𼱵ķʽټ϶˵д·ˡ
ǵãڹżϣػһֻټΣһΣԶʢĩڣڶΣڻĹʢĩڡ
˵飬ʢĩ£ԣŲò
˵ôҪ𣿡
ԯ֪ǲ鲻ãҲûиǺɫĺʵ
ɲΪѵģЩʡţ˵°ɣҿûôʱ
ɷǵ߿ڣ䡣
ƦӣȴڨڨһЦҲʲô
ƽٽ
ԯг̾һȻǻ˵ĸ
˵ʲôʲôƽ٣޴ۣƽôή٣
ɷǰ⻰һ㶣ǺǳҪȥȻΪԼǱˣˡ
Լȵʹˣ
ԯһ仰õԭѾߵſڵŲͣΪԯĺǳ⣬ƺ뵽ʲô飬ɫʱͱ˱䡣
ԯͷò˵Щӳ˰ɣ
ǿȥƦ΢΢˳飬Щѵʵ
Ȼڸλ˾ĤݣǣȴûǣԼȱʹ
Щ֣Ǿ˼ƽ٣
أ
ԯ˵ţǽһһʮĵ
Щֻ֪ƻǲߣԣǺöԸԣűзӡ
ȻڣǶһӵǻ۵쵼ߣ޷󣬻ʲôܹ赲ĽŲ
壿
ɷǰһ島Ϲϵʱϴˬһߣ۾˵ҿûдڵıҪӦý֮Ĩȥã
Ҳô
ԯֱӷԣüͷ
ϼһΪ˼ӰбĨȥҿ˵󻰣˭ᰡ
ƦӴŵ٩˵ţǣȴûаЦ
йŮʯӻ䣬˭˵ܹĸ
ʸ˫񣬵ǣĵĹϵȴǺܺãôһǿѣȻ


1960 ڰ
һɷǵߣƦһϯ˵
壬ȵȷܹѴ֮ͽշƽǣȴһӲͷצٹˡ
Ҳʲôìܣ֮Ԥ½飬ǾͱҲ棡
ԯԴǵ˵ţõߵɫ˼֡
СС壬òԶ֣çһ壬͹æҵˡ߹м͵
ôҲ벻鶼Ѿֵزˣ㾹Ȼ˼ڧ
ԯֱҡͷھ̾ϢѵѾǾǶκڰʱѵΪЩƾһܹ֮ģ
ЩڰжôĿֲҲֻһԶѪĺ֪һЩ
еڣԶѪǿˣˣĺܣȣΪһԶѪҲصĴۣŽЩӡС
Щƿӡ֪
ɷǵɫʱ˱䣬ûȥԯʲô
ٴڰʱڣôǱŽȫס
ԯվ߰˵
Ʀӣɷǵߣʱ˿̣ûпڷԣĬĬӣɳǿ߽פ
Ҳֵģڵħֲû߳ͨĺۼƺٴ뵽˳һ˷ѽ⡣
Ȼԯȴ֪϶Ǳ֮ǰⳡʲôʱ޷Ԥ⡣Ҳһ䶼һƬڰС

½ϣķ£Ҳ֪ΪΣ½ϵʮųٴ䣬һ貵Ĺ۳һͣγһںڶĴڣƿһһüˣ־壬Ϊĩ١
Ȼֵǣûãϴһƽ˾ʲôҲûзһ
ϢȻҸ߲֪ȻȴҲûʲô취ֻϼӿʮųǣһ춯ֱӻ㱨˻ʸ

ڰһ޼ʵĺڰīڡ
ͻأģڰгһ⣬ȾΧĿռ䡭
һģһ壬Уһɻɫϣһ绡˸ǳĹ졣
ϣһӨӨֲߣƬҶӣԲΣ΢΢ҡҷ鶯ӨӨΪ
ˡ
һϸ΢쳹ֲ΢΢ĻζһϣõһֱţûͣЪ
ֲ֮ϣ
һ΢СĹɫӣʼոһ޼ʵڵˣ벻
ౡ
һһӰûĳ࣬˫ڳ˱ˣѪ
ǷҪ
һϵͻأƬĿռ𣬻ͷӰע⣬ɨսĿ֮ͣҵһöɫ֮ϡ
ߵУɫɢһӨӨ֮⣬𽥵۳һϵӰ
Сӣ̫çײˣأ
ǿŻ࣬ϳ̾һ
ʵģ࣬ڷƵģֲȻũɲݡ
ʱʸ˫ð֮µľſžԪҪͻƣȴ˱Ľ֣һжɢˡ
ɲݱӻֻѾǷǣʲôҲûʣˡ
ȻڵҲδؾͺõȥܻܲһ⡣
ౡ
˵ǵӰЩٵţƺѯЩʲô
ȻӰһֱڷڵĻˮ£ҲΪƵը٣Ŵӳߵ
ը飬ҪǾֻһ취
ֻһûӰĻˮ£üͷȻҡҡͷ㲻ƽС֪Ҳġ
ౡ
ô˵Ӱƺˣ˫ȶƺ˵ԼԸһС
ϱЩ˵ǣžũɲݱӻ֮£ҲԽԽǿ֮ҧҧǾ˽һذɣԸСԺçײˡ
УӨӨ֮⣬Ĺ㣬뵽ǿ൱Уģǿĸǿ󣬸Ǳһױȵǿ⡣
Ҳ֪жãڰУһ㣬Яž޴ֱӽǿڡ


1961 
һ޼ʵĺڰ֮Уһ΢Ĺâͬөû֪ڰ֮ؾҲû֪һͬө΢âʲô
΢Ĺâ֮УԼһ
һڳĪʹ֮󣬿ʡ
һӴĹͷ롭
ϤһЩ˳ֵʱͬөĹǱ˼֣ȻŲŻ֮еӰâԽԽǿʢ
ֱһɫâ֮µģŮӰ֮н٣ǾشըһжˣеһУһը֮С
ʱ΢ĹâѾǱԽԽ貣ֱӵؽһƬڰĵطռݣͬҪ׵ؽڰȥһ㡣
Ȼʱһߵƽԭ֮ϣһǳȫӣƽڵϣûа㶯ȥʱԱ߶Ųι״࣬ʱʱ̧ͷ壬ƺ׼ʱǰʳ
һ̣ûκϢͻȻ΢ضһָɫüΪʹ࣬ڳʲô尾顣
Ƭ֮ǽյ˫ϵˮ͵˫ſںҪ
һԱЩ࣬ʱǣЩ಻ϵ뿪֮ʣȴȻڵ˫ָŶͷƺΪʹࡣ

Ŷͷ񻺻̧һ˫֮гֻãȻɨӶΧĳȴδܸϤС
ȻʱԺһЩ棬Щ֣ŸʽˣֵľޣſԻ֮ܵı
ʲô
˫ֱԴԼԺ֮˸Ļ̼ˣ֪ԺЩʲôһ룬ͻоһʹ࣬ͬںݺݵʹҪԹȥ
ơơ
ӽ˫Ժǳֶֻ棬˻ǾޣǶԼƣȻȴǲ֪Ƶ˭
˭˭
ƺǳܲסԺʹٶȻ˹ȥǻ˹ȥŷ֡
ڻԹȥʱԼһЩŲǸоſ
˸ˡ
һ۵Ӧò
Ϣûһǽ
Ҫô
ȥɣɽҰ룬ܲܶ
ǰʱ䣬ǲžһλ㣬־һֵĸо
̫ˣɺϣǰ˴ȥɡ
ԹȥӱǱһ׳ʵ꺺Ӹ̧ͷǣһСк𽥵ʧƽԭ֮ϡ
һׯ棬һŮһλ긾Ůһϴˣ׼
˵˫󲡸պãͲҪ߶ڴϢ긾ŮੲݵضԱߵŮ˵
ûµģ̣һô
Ů̧ͷ¶һžòȻû֬ۺĵ׺ȴƽ˼ţ˿ȻʧɫΪͷ֮һȵĻʸ˫
㰡긾Ů¶ʵЦݣŻʸ˫Сſǰӣ£ЦЩعɣڵżӣСͿԳԷˡ
긾Ůٶʸ˫ҲΪΣҲûа취Ҳʧ
ѾŰˣ֪˵ɣ˸û֪ǴŵķҲΪ죬ǺܹϵģһЩҲڹż֮вżеġ
⵽
ʸ˫һսϧԱԭΪԼǱɣȴû뵽Լ֮ȴ
Ѻ󾭹˽⣬֪ԼǱһ˾ģһ⣬ԼȫΪʧ
ڵһж޷ӦԼ֮Ҳܲһ˿תֽҲΪɥ
֪ﵽʲôطҪصȣ֪ʦһ԰˶δ֣˵ʲôȡ
ʱͻȻһ۵Цǰ𣬡˫㡣
ʸ˫ѹҲ֪˭̧ͷһЦݵСкԼĸףȻʸ˫кױǸ֮ʣ˶סˡ


1962 
ô
ʸ˫ǸԹȥһϤӣʱһŭΪƾȻҲûһôɵԼˣŭǣԼڵĴһɵġ
ôܣֱը֮УȻܹ
ʸ˫૵صȻޱȵһսжôؿ£ԼͷסԼûа취ǵը֮л
Ƿȴϵһҿģϲûж˺ۣȫǳ֪Χ
Աģôܡ
ʸ˫ԵŬ˵Լǰ˾ԲǷƣǰ𽥵ؿظܵòȫһģһһֿµ˷ƣˣ
˫㣬㿴Һ͵棬һԹȥˡСкЦűʸ˫ǰ˵
ʸ˫Լӵɫһ˲¶ЦݣСкС𣬸߽㣬ģ
СԴƽԭϴλԵĵطҲǲԶŶ
˵ʸ˫һĨȻȻǷƣֻвɲ׷ôԱˣȴٶȻسԼǰ
˫ʶ
׳ʵӽĻԹȥķƷЦضŻʸ˫Ϊʸ˫Ӧʶ˶ǻڻƽԭʱ򣬶Լ
ŻԹȥķƣʸ˫ɫòǻǰȻ˵ֱӵضɱƣȴ˵ɱˣɱ
ţʶͬһط
ʸ˫Ȼص˵ͷһǻԹȥķƣԼеɱѹȥɫе䡣
ޣ˵Ǹ磿׳ʵӺԣ֪ǰòͬһŮ˾ԲѰȻԼ˶δ˵˵硣
ʸ˫˵ͷʵִ磬ôԹȥģ
Ϊִ׳ʵεص֪ҷʱ򣬾ѾԲˣûʲôƣӦһʱܹ
ִǺСŻԵķƽȥӣʸ˫ڱĬĬؿţɫò޷²˵ʲô
ڰٺ÷֮˱˵ЦĳԹΪƵĳ֣ʸ˫ôԼɫҲСĸ󣬱ûʸ˫Сչ˷ƣȥѰҴׯ֮еҽʦƿһ
˫㣬ʶô
֮УƽڴϣСͻʸ˫ԱߣĬĬؿŷơ
ʸ˫̧ͷһСЦСԴֹ̾ʶ
Ļһܹ˫صʲôôСԴһ˫۾زת
ɡʸ˫뵽˵ĹϵҲһЦ˿˵֮УԼʱΪʧ÷Լĵһ£¾ҪɱԼ
ԣʸ˫ںǷҪŷƻԲѣӶΪǿԼһΪûУûа취һ㣬Ѱ֮ģһʱͱʸ˫Ƶǿ̶ȣΪԼܹ߶񾵣ûа˺˷ơ
㣬˵˵Ǹʲôôĺòá
СͻȻǶŻʸ˫˵ǸǸȤŻʸ˫׷ʵ
С磬ʸ˫Ҳ˻֮У૵簡һǿƼĵطŰ干棬ÿ춼Ÿָս
ǿߣСİԺʵܲϷȥģ
ʸ˫һЦֹܹȥָһɽǿߡ
ŶǸЩһģһôС˷ܵصƺ㽡
ۣ
ʸ˫һС˵Ļ֮еز׽֮ѹһֱѰ磬֪Լ϶Ȼռ͵ĳ½
СĿ֪˵֣Ժ֮мһΣҲȷԼû˵Ҳһֲ
С𣬸߽㣬ǸôĴڣʸ˫СɫΪصԼѰҵۣһ飬ȻҲˣʲôط


1963 
Ҵ׾ǿĴڣÿһŽ˵ϷȥСɫ
ۡ
ʸ˫ĬĬؼ֣ûв´ĻӦһߵѰҵǣӦܹ֪һЩ顣
棬ʸ˫ѾԼز²⵽磬ȴʲôطΪûмκεߡ
ǵС֪ôʸ˫׷ʵ
СôС֪⣬ҲҡҡͷС֪ҵ
ʱִ򸾴һ뷢԰׵˽߱һӣһҩ㣬Ӧþִ˵ҽʦ
˫λҽʦѵʱҲġ
ִЦŽܵ
ʸ˫˵ͷƽʱ˸ۿһۣǾµʱ䣬Ҳ𽥵ʵǸ֮ŮһûаΪŮӡ
ҽʦ
ҽʦ˵ͷŻʸ˫ʹˣûϷҲܹԼϷĲǾ֮Ͷѡ
Դˣʸ˫ЦЦû˵ȷͬҽʦ˵㵱ִûԼҲܹѹȴǻ鷳ࡣ
ҽʦڴϵķ֮ʱ֮Ҳ¶˾֮ɫ±ǷӣǰƬ̣ǻ˫¶صɫ
ҽʦôˣִ翴¶ɫҲüͷʵ
ʸ˫ɫƽʱҲǶ΢ʱעҽʦ˵Ļ
ûʲôƣǵˣѪǱѰ˸ҪʢӦûԹȥҽʦԼĳɻص
⡭
ִһۣһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪ǺãԱߵĻʸ˫üͷΪҽʦĻƶϳƸûƣȻܡ
ǳս֮УԱ壬㲻ҲԲûаƣȣҲһ㡣
ҷԺѪе֪ǲԹȥԭ򡣡ҽʦҡҡͷջûа취Ʒơ
ִһҽʦ֮󣬻ʸ˫ҪŷƣִȻɻ󣬵Ҳö˵ʲôҲŻʸ˫
ҹһҹգʸ˫ڴǰͷһ£˼ǧ
ڷƣ֪ȴѹᷢʲô飬һ¿¾ǻɱԼûʸ˫ӣȻǲԴС
ҪɱƣȴûΪյĵط
ѵҪ뿪ʸ˫ҲΪãԼΪʧطǼΪİϤ뿪»ʲôΣգڷƵС
һ﾿ô£Ա˾ȻһƶûСʸ˫һֱţʵ벻ͨ
ؿƣҽʦ˵ܲһ⣬ΪԺ֮ƺѪԲѵԭ
ŷƣʸ˫̾һȻȴûзֵǣƵָ΢صһ¡
ԣ㻹һӲҪɡʸ˫ޱؿŻԹȥطƣҪôָΪ֮
ʸ˫ŷƵӶӣ˵嶼ǰȥȻʱǻԹȥķƶȻ˫
һ£ʸ˫סˣû뵽ƾôˣ˾۶۵ӣһʸ˫ܹܵõƴ¶ȡ
飡
ʸ˫͵غˣǰӣֵؿŷƣоһƬƾȻʱЦǣǰһ̣ԼϣԶҪ
ǱӦô
ʸ˫˵Ŀɬϵغˣֱ·ˣֵؿŷƣԷȻǻɱԼ
ϵǣ֮ʹ˼ԴӴͣشŴɫüΪ԰ס
ʸ˫ŴʱķƣͻȻһֹĸоڵķƺе㲻Ծȴ˵ﲻԾ
֮Դоһʹ֪󣬲Ÿоʹ𽥵ʧһȻͷɨһΧĻȴ˵İ
ǴߵɫȻĻʸ˫֮Ī궯ĴһڸԼɱǰŮˡ
˭˻ƵشӷƵ³


1964 ʸ˫
ʸ˫ؿŷƣƺûзӦؿŷƣһʱ֮նʱùŹ
˷֮еãȻü壬ƺﲻԾĸоƵӣƺʶôܣ˿˵֮У˭öԷأ˻˻Ҷϵó
˭
ٴʵͬضǰŮӺܺ棬ΪʲôԼǰŮӺӡ󣬵֮в֪Ϊһֳ嶯ҪŮɱˡ
ʸ˫عˣɫùŹŷƵģڿЦãȻԲװġ
Ĳ֪˭ʸ˫̽Եʵ
֪ƵĻشǸɴֱӣֻʶغŻʸ˫˾룬ȻҲǲ֪ΪΡ
ǵԼʲôôʸ˫غһ̫ƣϾԷǰɲǿЦģҪɱԼֻҪһͷӡ
ҡ
ʱ˵ͻȻ֮䣬Ժ֮еʹٶȳ֣һһֵĻԼԺһЩ֮У˶ںһ֣ǾǷơ
ƴʱͻȻر仯õûʸ˫һΪҪʹթٶ˵ԶԶģƬ֮ԾĵطƵɫüΪ԰ףϵص亹ˮ˫ֱԴϲҽš
ô£
ʸ˫вޱȣȻʶ㣬Ҳ޷˽⵽ʱϵ׷ʲô飬Ҳһʱķƺ˺ܶ飬˭ˣһƺԼõıƳԼΪʧڼԼ֡
Ƶɫʼͨ죬ظ֣̬Ϊƺڳĳֲʹһ㣬˫ֱԴڴϴʹ
˭
ҡ˭
ʸ˫ԼԼڷʱʱ仰ҲһƾȻԼ˭ˡ
Ƽʹ֮бĥʱоԺҪըһ㣬ֵĻ棬߻ŶǷ֡
ȻӺǳϱͻȻظֳһΪ΢ĺɫâɫâסƣʱ֮¶ƺǱ
ˣ
ʸ˫ؿЩɫâ֮Լ͸¶һ˵ӰӰǳ΢΢ʸ˫оĴڡ
Ӱĳ֣Ƶɫ࣬ҲǻڴϣƺٶȻԹȥֻ촽΢ſ
ˮ¡
ƺ˷ƷĵӰҲǵһһۻʸ˫һУǳ׵鿪˵ɫâ˷Ƶ֮С
ʱٶǻָ˳̬ʸ˫˼ضŷǳϰʱһɫĻޱȵع죬ȴһּΪٶɢ
ô£ղһӰ
ʸ˫ʧӵԼǵķӰôܡ
ӸղǵӰһԼʸ˫Ǵиܵһֳɱ⣬ͬھԼǶԷƶ֣Ȼûʸ˫ù
ʸ˫鸴ӵؿһٶ֮еķƣ̾һΪƵĶôãһֱǲϵؽ֣֮УΪԼԷ˽⣬ǽղŷ֣ǲΪ˲֪ܡ
ף֪ɸɻԺ֮С
ʸ˫ͻȻһ뵽˷ƵһܣǾɸĴУ
Ϊܹ֮Լ⣬ܴԭɸһǽɸĴУ޷Կ񾵶ûܹɱ
ʧȥ˼䣬Լǵ˭ˣ˵ҡ
ʸ˫΢УѸٵͷȻǴעɸ棬ΪȻʧΪͨǿԼԼָǵõɸİڶʱ֮лָҲ¡
ҽʧȥʱ䣬ϻɸĳЩУͿڶݵʱָΪҾͿԻɱƣȻɸȡ
ʸ˫һ̵±ĮȻ˻֮еķƣ΢΢һε飬δ˵һ¡
ʸ˫ת̧ͷŴһ£ͻȻǿƳһ۷ƣԺ֮пʼѰ˼÷ʧȥڼﵽĿġ
ƣʼջҡ
ٴλָƽķ棬ȻػŻʸ˫Ǳĵ


1965 
ڶ峿һ䵽صʱ򣬷Ƶָ˶ǻڴԶиŮڲԶϱĿ
ƺѹʸ˫Ҳѹ۱ǿԴãԼ
ѹˣ
ʸ˫֮һĨâ֮ϱ¶˵ЦݣȻʱûǰǰۣһصȴƽ˼š
˭
Ƽʧȥ˼䣬ԺʶҲǿܻʸ˫ڵǱʶڸԼǰŮӺΣգвԼ
ô
ʸ˫ѳЦݣƺأʧȥеļ䡣
֪˭
ƽüͷǰĻʸ˫ӽãȻǰŮƺԼϵܺãΪʲôԼһ㶼ǲˡ
Ƿƣӣ˫
ʸ˫飬иһƵĵȷȷʧȥ˼䣬ãԼļƻʵʩ뵽ԼΪָ֮ʣͿԶȡɸϵЦݲɵøΪˡ
ƣ
Żʸ˫ͷ૵֪ΪΣԼڷֺϤ֮иûһ㿹ܣͬԼı־Ƿơ
ҵӣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƻ̧ͷŻʸ˫´ţ֪ΪΣԼŮӣ֮һѹֲסɱ
ǵģӣ˫
ʸ˫Ƶ飬Ҳ΢΢³Ƽʧȥ˼䣬ԼҲǱصĽģѲ
ʸ˫߹ȥһˮߵƵĽǰݸȺȵˮɡ
ʱĻʸ˫ԼϷ츳ӵ쾡£̬ͬȷǷƵӣƵݸˮȴʶһ¡
ΪʲôҶǵǰˣ
ƽеˮһɫڻʸ˫ȴɳ˾衣
ΪһȻ׷ɱҽˣȺǱִ緢ֲҰǴˣΪ̫ˣʧȥ˼䡣
ǣ
Żʸ˫ĻͻȻǱøң֪ŮӵĻǼ٣ǶԷܹгԼ֣ѵʵͬ˵ǰ㣿
ǵģȻʲôˡ
ʸ˫̾һҲЦŵõ˵Ĺ㲻׷ѡ
ƳƬ̣Ƕȡʲô
ɸ
ʸ˫̽˵֣ʱעŷƵɫ仯ﻹȷƾǲʧȥ˼䡣
ɸ
һ㶣ʲôסԴɫٴαò԰ס
ôˣ
ʸ˫⸱̬Ҳһ£ٴλԹȥǱصû£벻ͲҪˡ
ڼ䣬ʸ˫Ƴһ۷ƵϰȷǷ֣ϸֵһȴȫʧˣͬûгֹһ㡣
ǵʲô
ʸ˫ɣȴû˿ر仯ذοŷƣҪ롣
ֱƬ֮󣬷Ʋǻ̧ͷŻʸ˫벻Ҿͼǵҽзơ
һġʸ˫˵һЦȴǰһ죬ʱ̣
ò˵ʸ˫Ϸ츳ܺã¶ЦڷƵúȻƲ֪ԼΪųʸ˫Ҳǲ֪ؿʼ˻ʸ˫˵Ļ
ȻʱС˽˷ѹҲǿĵسŷǸˡ
ʱִҲ߽ѹ֮Ҳ¶ɫΪͬҽʦûа취ŲǹһҹƾԼ˹
ѹͺˣСֵܣû󰭰ɣִƢˬ֮˵ҲǼ仰ǲ֪ͷƵľ
лִȡ
Ȼʧȥ˼䣬֪ǰ˾ԼȻԼػ֪ĸɽҰš
ҪлⲻС¶ѡִˬʵһЦʲôһ㣬ߵСڿȥ׼´ȥ۲μӿˡ
ۣ
ʸ˫ͻȻһ㶣СĿ֪ǿ˵֮أ˶֮ˣԼԴӵ۵õһЩϢ
Ǻǣһھ˵ӣСǰȥһԣܷϰ䣡
ִЦŵСּܹۣҿĸ
ִ磬֪ɲԴһȥһ¡
ʸ˫һЦŶִ


1966 Ԥ
Ҫȥô
ִһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ֪ʸ˫ͷƶѰ֮ˣǾǴӵģһ뵽֮е۵Ƕôǿ֮Ҳ¶һ־⡣
ǵġʸ˫˵ͷڷƵϣЦƣһȥһ°ɡ
ۣƳһ£ڻʸ˫ļɵûϴӦָо֣˻ʸ˫˵Ļʼնųʸ˫
Ƶɫʸ˫ҲһǿѰһļ䡣
Żʸ˫˵ҲҲûκεĳɣǴӦڷŻʸ˫ֵ֮Ĺϵִɻ󣬵Ҳû˵Ϊ֪Ƿƣǻʸ˫Ӵ磬õġ
ѰôڻĽҰ֮⣬ִȻֱȴܣԸǣЩ֮Уʸ˫ŷʶҿȥϵΪܣһе㳬ǵϡ
ִһ׼󣬱һ߳˴ׯСִڵĵطֻһΪƫƧСׯ۲ǲֵطÿ˵ģǱҪȥһС棬Żŵ۵˵㡣
ȻƵһûзֵǣԴӷѹ̤֮˴ׯĵһ֮ϵҲǳЩ仯
һЩ仯ѰȻ㲻ʲôĳЩȴ˾޴Ĳ
ĳһľɽ֮Уһɷǵ߾ɽȵϪԱߣɫ۵ӡ
ʦǸѾǳˡ
һͷڣɫӹضǰ˵ʱʱ̧ͷ֮еգǴ۵ƺ첻˿Ӱ졣
š
߽Ӧһû˫
ҪҪʲô˲ĻԺǱߣǻᡭ
ͷڵüͷ¶֮ɫ
˵߻˫һ̣̺֮޾ǳƺ֮еҲʧȥ˹ʣվȴǹûаͬһλͨߡ
ȵļأ˵һƬصĽƵؿڵ˶ѾȴյУΨǺԺмԴ֪һС
һƬصĽǱ˭ҪƣҲδһ¡ɫƽƺ˵һΪ֮¡
ƵĻǣˣҪȥЩֵôɫصΨǲǰȫģ˳ִƣôһжڡ
۵ÿһλ棬ΪάصĽ縶ۣҾԲ˴һУһɫȻѾǲɱ⡣
ȥɡ߳һ£ԺȺӱȻѾ֪ǴһЩˣһֱҪⷽĽ
ɫȻӵ˵ͷתȥÿһ¶ǿռȻΪҪʧ֮ʣͻȻǴߵ
ԣһ
ӺͰһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷӰʧԭأ뿪һƬɽȡ
ڰ֮ʣһ¥ԼĪ߰˸ֹϸӵһ𣬽ǳĬе̡
ȥɣڵѰҵ֮ǰ
һɫͻȻһվ˵ͷҲʧ¥֮С
ʦ֣һȥô
ʱ򣬳Ĭձƣһٵ̧ͷźɫӣΪ⡣
ԣɫȴȻվߣΧһУԺһϵλ棬ǵȴʮ꣬Ҳڽճ֣ôҲ֤ʦ˵Ԥԡ
Ҫ뿪طô
ɫĪһۿ˸еĸ
ɫӿ֮еգ΢˫ʱ̫ĳһĨΪĺڵ㣬˸޷磬Ҳֻֻ˿Կ
½Ҫˡ
૵Ժۻӵ΢תɫ£ӣȥԺеӶǲ뿪ЩѾģҲͨɢϢǾ
ŴƵüͬĵطͬʱݣһнΪƵĳ֡


1967 ½
ʱķȻǲ֪ڵ磬Ϊĳ֣ðӿĳЩ˵ƵĳںܾǰԤ֮б֪Ƶĳֻʲôı䶯Ҳֻдʱȥ֤
ڵķִ绹СȸСڴׯȽƫƧִɴһˣӸȥ
ƾ棬Ŵⲻϵ˶ľɫɫƽԱߵĻʸ˫ĥ͸Ƶľʲô
ʲôط
Ƭ֮󣬷Ƶ֮еİΧؾɫһĪİУǾãԼ롣
Ǻǣֵܣǵ֮ڵһƫԶ䣬ҪȥľǸ򡣡ִԣҲǱ߼Ц
𿴸ǸС򣬲ڵ֮ҲǺպģʥڸѡ˵ڶӣ˿ص֮еЩǵͣҪϲ١
ִ˵ţ¶ԺɫλϵĴڣڸĵڶλӣһС򣬾Ȼܹ˽ܣÿһʱ򣬶ˣǿǱŻ룬ϣԼλʥĶһĻԵ
򣿡
ʸ˫׵Ѿǰ£ȴû˽⵽ԼںδƺﲢԼ˽硣
ǲ֪ɣ֮ĸ򣬵侳ߵĻɳĮͱߵ޾֮֮еǿǵۣ侳֮ǿԺ
ִˬʵؽ͵ȴһ˿ɻ󣬰ʸ˫˿ȥѰˣƺ㳣ʶǲ֪
ʧȥ˼䣬Ȼǲ֪ԼѾǴһ½ҲŶһǼֳĬؿߵľɫ
ǻʸ˫һг˾㵣ȻԼز²⵽ԼѾп֮ܲУȴִ˵һ¡
½
ʸ˫ü壬е૵½֣ԼƺԼȴȫûӡ
ӦǵŷƽԾʱֿµ˺ռ䣬ֱӵشͨͨ½ͨԼǱط
ʸ˫εȴϻۣȻΪʧƾִļ仰óȥΨһһɵľǣ½Լ￴˵ԼԲһϤС
˷ƣƽӣв룬˵ƻ½֪ǲ֪ʧȥ䣬Ƿ񻹼ǵ
ƣһЩʲôûУ½
ʸ˫̽ʵעŷƵɫ仯Է֪ôϸ΢ɫ仯ҲǾԼ
ǷƵķӦȴʧˣҡҡͷδ
½½Ƶ̬û˿ı仯ʸ˫ؿųᣬԺ֮ŬһЩ飬ͼԼ𵽵½
ʱִȷͻȻЦ½۵λ˵ǻǧǿڣֶοͨ񣬵ʥǵǿĴڣܹҲֻԺλˡ
ʸ˫ԣҲǴνʥҲʥ׵ΪжǿͲö֪ﻹͬһ㣬һЩǿĴڡ
ƺ˵ˣִԽ˵Խ˷ܣ˵λʥһΪµıΪԪߣ˵Ӷһ£һ޴ɽ𡣡
ִ磬ղ˵ʲôţ
ʸ˫ͻȻһ£ԺղһԼһȴûץס±æ׷ʵ
Ԫߣִһ£Ҳǽŵ˵
ִƳ˻ʸ˫ɫüΪѿҲͣоޱȣҲû˵
ʸ˫ص¶Ȼɫ΢΢૵ԭˣԪߣ˵ġ
ڻʸ˫ȻûӵùƵĶ䣬ȴתֵؿһۻʸ˫֮󣬱֮
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸ˫ɫǱ侲΢Уȴ˼Ӧ֮Ѿڼǵ½Ǻδطˣִ˵ԪߣԼûм֮пһЩأȻʵģԼȴѾĪһƬ磬ν컯Ūˡ
Ĺʢǿٳһ硭ʸ˫ر˫һĨ΢Ц


1968 ִ
ʸ˫ʱ˹½ϢҲû֪̫࣬Ҳǿһ޵ᵽһЩȵļء
ʵ׷ݵԶһʱڣĹʢһʷ֮еʱڣ磬ܹ֪ʱڴڵҲ࣬𽥵ҲͳΪܡ
ڻĹʢûȵĴڣһе۵ӴյǻԪߣ֪ΪΣʱ۵ǿߣ뿪磬һǰһδ֪Ŀռ䡣
Ǹռڵ½ȵһ֮мصĶҲֻ࣬ȼ䣬ǻʸ˫ԲŶ½ϤУ˵Ԫ֮Щ顭
ǲ˼飬ҾȻطʸ˫и̾ȵǰǵۣ۵Ĵ󲿷ǿ뿪磬һСǿ£Ǵȡ
лһɻ󣬾ǵԼһ֮Уƺ˵ţĹʱڣ뿪Ĳֹȣǿ߶ѡ
Ĺʱڣ׷ʲô飿
ʸ˫üܹǸʱڵǿ߶ǲò뿪磬ȻǷ˲˵Ĵ£ȻЩǿ߲⿪ٿռ䣬ģƺڶʲô
ۣȡ
һ뵽֮Ĺϵʸ˫Ǳ΢΢̣˷ƵϣӹһĨâҪ취ۣȻһͻȻػָ䣬ûܹԼ
ƺǸоʸ˫񣬷Ӧתͷһۻʸ˫ȴǿ˻ʸ˫¶һЦҲ˼䣬ҲûзС
ƣŰɣҳҪɱˣɸҵģʸ˫תȥװЦݻɢȥ΢¶һĨȻĻȡ
ȴǲ֪Լһһ˻ʸ˫ľļı֮УʱһֱѰ˼Żʸ˫Ļ֪Լһ㶼ǵǰ飬ԼǴ֪ǻʸ˫ȴǸӡ
˵ƵҲģΪŻʸ˫֮Уڿ˻ʸ˫屾ܵųʸ˫ʲôǵá
ʧȥ䣬ɵ෴֮Ҳ뵽ܶ飬ûаѻʸ˫Ļ棬Ϊֱʸ˫Σա
ȻʱȻִͣˬʵЦˣ³ɣҪͨļܹȥ
ʸ˫ͷһۣҲǵ˵ͷʸ˫ǣСִ֮νĸͬʱҲˣϵڴųŶӵȺŽȥ
ۣ˺öడСǵһγţ¿龰Ҳ̲סִЦСԴЦ
СЩԶμӵۿ˵ˣҪܹΪ۵ӵܣһܿĵġ
ִӵ˷ܣƺͻʸ˫˵ķӦԵƽ࣬ʸ˫ɫƽĮؿⳤΪȵĵӣ壬ȻǼʶŸųĵطҲû¶ʲôֻ̬Ǳ˵ûн㣬ҪͨŶӡ
ʸ˫ΣҲֻţ˭ڵΪĪʧͬѰ죬ǰΪ¶ǿϢ˵һĸ򣬾νĵʥҲΪ֮
ƿôˣغһüͷ㳤ҪŶŵʲôʱǵȵڣҲпܽȥ
һʾʸ˫ִ΢ˣִǲ֮£͵̤һһϯȥǰ
ȻؼžƺضΪ̣֮˶ǸܵһǿϢֶϢǿǺǸоѡ
˵ûа취ƴʱ̫ǿᣬ˶ѹסһ˲䣬Ʊջ
δ𣡡
˵Ӷǵ˺ˮֵؿ˷ڵλãʶóһ϶е̧ͷƵûС
߰ɡ
תͷǱѾʯִЦ˹ȥ
ŶŶִǷӦæС֣ڷƵߣȴǾ֡
ʸ˫Ƴһ۷ƵıӰǰУȴüͷղŸݷһǵ֪ǲǴ壬Ҳսһ


1969 
ڷ¶Ϣ֮󣬽Զÿһͨûһ˸ǰĲΪղϢǶǸоһĸо
ȻָоֻԵ֮еЩǿߣǳֹĪǰȥӣȻǵ۵ǿô
ŷƴ𽥵ؽ˸֮УٶȻָ֣˽˽ƵݣϾӵֿµԲѰ֮
Ǹڣͨеĵ۵Ҳǲ˿صѾЩǰȥͳڵĵ۳ϣͻȻֵǿǸе̿֡
ڷƸղű¶Լ֮½ĳһϣһŮվںߣòΪˣӣ΢紵ǧ˿һ˵֮С
Ȼһ̣ȴǶȻ˫ƺӦĳֲǿһĲ񷣬૵Ƿ
ͻȻǴһ磬õƽѾõĺ治ϵط˲紵֮վںߵİŮȴѾʧ
һڸϵĽֵò˵̫ˣѹҪųôһʮĽֵˣ߲ϵ
ֵܡִ翴ɫƽͬʲôûзķƣƺҪ˵ʲôɫüΪţǰû˿뵽ƾȻôһǿĴڣȫϡ
ִ磬Ҫ룬˵ʼҵľˡƺִ֪ʲôͣ˲ͷЦɵģȫ޷뵽ղղܹʩչǿ
ִĬƬ̣ҲˬʵЦеĲҲ֮ɢ
磬ղŵӺ磬ҳҲܹôС˫ðǣһݵؿŷƣղǸӡԺ֮УǼ
΢΢һЦһС𣬵С𣬸Եġ
⻰٣СĹ棬һľţȻڵеֻҪŬպҲܹΪһ
ʸ˫Цŵ˵ͷɫȴЩĴ֪½ĵۣǸô
ˣִ磬ǵ۵Ŀִϣ˸֮˾ԼĪʱɽ˺е㲻ϰߡ
ԣִһԴЦ㿴Ĵأ¶ˡִǿһΧƺڱϷ
ӦǸˣ۵Ŀ˵ʹǰ治ԶĹ㳡ִСǰ档
ִ磬˵򲻹һСѣôôпˣѵ⸽ûŵ۵פôʸ˫ͬҲǸоΪգʵҲ̫ˡ
Ǻǣ֪ˡִ߱ˬʵЦʮǰʥڸһСӣǽ֮ߣΪӡ
Ҳˣǳ׵سÿһĵۿˣĽϾ˵۵Ķӣÿ˶ҪһһЩԶҲǲϧ
ִĽǣƺͻʸ˫Ҳˣ»ʸ˫ɵƲƲ죬Щ˵֪еȤ˿ʣɲ
ˣǸ۵ĶǸôˣʸ˫ȴԼĴ㣬Ҫû˽۵һЩ¡
λҲһǿ߰Ϊڵʥʮ꣬Ѿе֣ʥҲ˵մӱȻʤִԺص
ʸ˫Ե˵ͷܹõһʥǿߵ׿ϣνİҲǲȻȴǲ֪½ΪǿߣʥǺεȵΪҪ֪ʥףҲŵ֮֡
ڼѵؼɽ˺ƵҲ˸Ĺ㳡Ȼͬ죬ȴȻǱŸ֮طΪ
Ϊڹ㳡ĸɫ۷Ӱ߶㳡ڿճһƬյأֻǹԹԵŶӣĵصȺš
ôôȻܹˣʸ˫̾ǹ㳡Ŷп˵˾Ͳһǧ˵жڸ֮Уͻûнˣ־һ֡
ۣһ˼ĵطͻȻЦЦڻʸ˫ȴоɶĪʲô


1970 鷳
ʸ˫ɵؿŷƣΪǷһЩʲô飬ǷƵɫȴûжı仯Ҳֻա
ǳĶ飬ǷҲǸеΪͷۣҲûа취ֻǸ˶飬ƿûдﱩ¶һԼΪˣһŭ
ʸ˫ڷƵߣоɲҪºһ·ƣӸղƵһ˲ϢûжʲôΪѰĿѹ
ĪһҲ޷κΪʸ˫иֲ²⣬ǷһôͲҪ̫ĹǣֻҪܹ˵֮еǿ߳ԼôƵľӲԼģοڵķʧȥ˼䣬ԼҲû̫ľ衣
ʸ˫ţͬһԼҪ˵ЩˣӦòѣ뵽ɸȻ׵ظԼõ֣ʸ˫ҲǲɵøһĨЦ⡣
ʱܿȥ죬ҲǿҪֵСǰǰȥп˵Ŀʼʱ˸߲ңȻƬ֮е˷ܵЦųе˴ͷɥ˳
СһҪͣһǿԵġִ˵ǼٵģܹۣνĸԵ
С𣬷ɣ̫šƳһۣɫеŵСЦҲͬһԵġ
ţС𿴼ƶ˵ͬ˶һ㣬Сȭͷһ÷ʧġ
Сģƺִ綼Цʸ˫һۣȴĸģСʲȥǵҲδ̫ʧһ㡣
ǰȥһ˴ͷɥ֮߳󣬷СԴȥɣС㡣
С˵ͷܳûͻȻ֮䣬Ⱥ֮бǼˣǺÿÿϹҪпˣǶÿ
⼸ͬͣȴ쳣ţƤ޲ϵΧȺСû߳Ǳǿˡ
Сӣ˵أʲôСүҹϹӵĿˣ
һеƤޣ¶˺ɫƤޣݺݵسȥСͻȻıҲǾסˡ
С𣡡ִɫʱû޲ϳȥסС𣬵ΧӿȺ޷ǰ벽ֻؿƤǾʧСԭء
һߴƤ޵˶ʱǰһΣǸоһӴȴеƤ޴ȻûӦ˱Ǻݺݵر˦˳ȥ
ϣ
ֱӵر˦ʮɣصԶĿյ֮ϣһʶʱסǻҵȺ˵߶СϣʱԱһͦεӰǰŵ˵Ƥޡ
ȻҲ֪ļҵˣͬ蹷һҷͣᷳȻǷƣŪƤޣƤֱıдϹ֣ҲڲɣϹƺǸͷСļ塣
ССôʱִǼȺɫܵСߣڻϵذο
ƴʱҲǻͷСԴʾҪ£ȻʱЩҲǷӦ˹æܹȥͬһŭŷƣǳðҰСӣȻϹҵ˶ã
Ϲңĸֵ֣ȺʱǰͬϹĸĪһ㣬˶ǵͷԾóһ·
ִͬĸ֣ɫҲһ԰ףԺһѣΣԼȻǵϹңɴˡ
ƽΧ˵ɫ仯۵֮УҲһɻĪϹźܴͷܹ˶֮ɫ
ֵܣǻ߰ɡִ΢ЩԿȴǼΪš
ߣСûнпˣô˵߾ߡҡҡͷҲԼز²⵽˼֣ϹҿͷСֶܹľҡ
ˣٲ߿鷳ʹˡִɫصĴҵǣֻܹ⼸·ˣϹҵ˻û
İɣִ磬Сȥˣղ˭Ҳϰ鷳ƵĮȻޱȣӣСС𣬽ȥˣ¾ͽ硣
ǡִɫƺʲô˵ڡ
ִ磬ͷİɣԷƻôʱʸ˫Ҳǿ˵Ĳ˵ƾƣ½Ҫ鷳ˣֲҲ


1971 
ûʸ˫˵ִҲ˷֮ǰֶΣҲ侲˼֣ȴеǣϹͷɲСǵ֮ڵһң˵۵Ĳǿ߶Źϵ
ԣʱ¶ȤһңôҲ˸򣿡
ִЦؽ͵ҲϹҵһּңûв´ĻӦþλ˳ưѵһţϹٽܡ
ܹɳţšʸ˫ҡͷ֪磬νţ;мܹ֮֮ͬ꣬ɳΪһģվ̫١
ؿһۻʸ˫۵Ҳ޳ɣִ翴ȫҲǲηνϹңҲ̾һֻϣ󣬲ľ档
ʱǼҲһۣڷƵϸоһΣգҿƵ̬ƺȫǲϹҵͷڡ
ģҲҳĵӣ˵˭һϸ˵ģԹɫȻģƵľٶо岻ǵͷ˲õǿɻǴ鷳
ӣֲ֪ĸɽðСӣѡ˦ɳȥɫüΪ࣬ƵǳԹޡ
ڵˣӺܿʱ϶ŭʱǱȻǳԲ˶ߣһҲǿڵ
Ǽ֣ȥ
ǣ⼸˱һֲŷƣ߹ΧȺƺҲǷյĲԾΪ˱鷳Ǻࡣ
СӣԼԹԵÿëӣûùӳԣһеƤ޳ڵϣһɻҳŵص
ǣʶظϽϹ·ȻĻû˾ȵ㣡
֪ĶȻϹӵ鶼ǻòͷˣ
⼸ˣһһ˵ø޲ɱ˷ƵģȺ֮еˣЩţҲǸŭԣϾûԸϹңΪԼ鷳
ӣνϹƽʱҲΪġ΢΢ɨΧһ£ȻǽΧЩ˸ŭԵɫС
ϹͷȻڸֻеһϹҵͷƽҲǺаԵܶ˵Թŭȴûһ˸ҳָ𡣡ִҲϸƽʱ򣬽ֻǮȻҲ֪һЩ顣
ô˵ϹҵҲǸһˡЦһСԴСֱӽȥ˾ˣ㡣
ƴʱûнǼ˷ڷƵ⼸˲Ǽҷ͵ķ蹷ѣֵġ
ŷǹСǻҵɫ𽥵ƽ˵ͷţСһŬġ
˵֮ССܽ˹㳡֮Уŷվǰ棬ȻûܹסС𣬵Ǽ˿ҲǱס
СӣȻϹң
̫ˣȻϹҷ
־ŭ±צػӶеƤ޳˷ƣҪ£ȻЩƵĶûпõ͸оԼ崫һ޴ǸоԼ岻ص
ϣ
ҵĽš
Ƭ֮󣬼ӰǺȻأ˼ʹԱߵ˶ǿˣʱƵͬûƶһ㣬վԭأ¶һƵɫ
֪ô
ص⼸ʹˣûºֻ֣ǸһѵԷжδıϹҲǾܹ˵ӵܣϹҲò˵ȥ
ģȻҶϹҵ˶֣ۻô
úãЩ͸ðǧġ
ΧȺ⼸˵ز𣬸˽˴кãȻƽն˲Թ⼸˵Ŀ
Сӣ군ˣ㣬Ӻܿʱûܹȵ㣡
һصƵɫǳԹͬʱɨӶΧȺغȵȺһԺٸˣүţ
ģЩкʱʧüͷ壬΢΢һһǳ˵ߣһŵزסţӣǻͷǸ


1972 Ϲ
ѵ
㡭㡭Ҫʲô
һŲסŵǸ˶ʱо֮ͬеɽѹԼϣɫǵͨ죬ŭŷơ
˲ϲвǸϡ
ƵЦȻǰȫԼ첻вϰ߽вɱҡ֮У鷳֡
ƲŵɫԽԽͨ죬˵ֻǸоֻŵĽŴԽԽԼĹͷҪĸо
󡭡󡭡Ź
¶ʹ֮ɫ˫رŷƵĴȣ֮¶ĵɫڲ֪ƲһˣǿԼûָԼˣϹΪͷ
֪գαصɫĮȻɲһĴˣ˿Ϊ˵ɿţƬ֮˵ǲϵѪǱƴȵ˫ɿ˵ϢҲһʧˡ
ˡ
˿һĻȫǱ˵֣֪ʲô飬ͿԼͬѪȻһеȴɫûб仯
ߡߣǶħ
ǼƽʱȻ׺ᣬȴվûɱˣͬĺֶΣ˵ɱɱˣ˿û顣
ʸ˫ƳһۣΪȻ磬ĸûմȾѪ½ÿ춼Ÿɱ֮½̫ƽˣͨ˾Ӷࡣ
ΧȺҲǱľٶסˣȻ˸Ϲҵϣ²򵥵˽ˡ
ˡˡִ类ƵľٶȫסʱŵһƨɵڵϣɾͱüΪˣϹЩ˵׵ػ⡣
ִɫʸ˫һЦЦΧ˰ִڶǸоĪʱˣܹЦóǷô
߰ɣǿߣִɫţҪȥ㳡֮УСϣж뿪죬ȵϹҵˣɾûа·
˵ִ磬ŷƣҪ÷Ƶͷʸ˫ЦȻʱƷƣνϹңȴû¶ɵ½˵ۻԺǼǿߣ˸޷˺ƣνҲˡ
Χ˻ʸ˫Ļ֮󣬽һ㶣ǲ֪ʸ˫˵ȻҲǲ֪ڸʱɵľĻ׷Ϊʸ˫ǱŷˣˣȻΪԼϹҿô
ִһЦ֪ʸ˫ͷԴǼ˷ʩչ֮ǸȷϹҿ֮Уڵ۵µַ˿õĴڡ
ϣ˰ɡִҲһ£νֻܽϣڷƵϡ
ʱȺͻȻǴһɧһŻǰ濪ż˵Цˣ𽥵߽
ģϹҵϹٽܣˣ
ʱ򣬲˾׷ǶԷͶͬ񣬵ȴǿɫûı仯Ҳϧ̾Ϣ
ԣǿûϹٽԱǼϷεı־ҲٶˣһοɲϹһҡ
£ףôҲڸˣ
ʱ֮£Ⱥ֮УһЩ˱ǾʧǿĵҲͬʱس֣ųνغˣʮҲûгֹ¡
ţϹңĺô΢΢ƫͷɫѾǳ˾ִ磬Ҳһ£Цҡҡͷ
ˣ˭һҲں༸ϣǳۣҿɲԸɱˡɫûа仯
ʸ˫վԱߣһǼˣȴڲɣЩνĺҲǵ뿪֮ĳЩǿѪ
Ϲһ˴ʱǷ˲ԾĵطȻ˵ǵǰӻǸոշִ֡
ӡӡ
Ǽͬ˾һ㣬ɥߵϹһǰͣƬ̣жηơ
ϹҵһЩϳ⼸˾ǰ·ģģ˶һĪ˶Ϲҳ֣
˾ţɺͳ
ʱһȺ˵ЦһͷɫڵҲע⵽һĻ¶Ǽŭȵ


1973 
ӡħ
Щ龪ʧ룬ֱӷƵûУͬħһ㣬Ѫȵľٶĸе˿־塣
ʱͷɫڵӲǽڷƵϣǷѾڷƽ¶ˣɫҲΪ̡֮
ԱߵļҲǲյĲԾҲֹͣ˵ЦؽڷƵϣȻȴǷ֣ǰķƣǾȻȫ͸
ǵǰǰϹٽڵļˣȴ޷׽ǰ˵˿
ܹһģҪôһͨòͨͨˣҪôΪÿµģԽǿԲ鿴ľ硣
ƻǰߣ
ϹٽܿһѾˣͷ붼ûֱӱܹģһͨô
һʱ֮䣬ҲǱ̣ΧЩԹ߿ϹҵˣȻûдҲǾúǲ⣬Ϲҵӣƣͳˡ
ٽܣҪ˲򵥡
ʱ򣬸ϹٽһŮϹٽһ㣬ͬĳҳӵܣԼڸпˣȴû뵽˷ôһˡ
ǿ
һҲǿڵֻɫأƵ˼ɵԼһ˿־塣
㶼ôΪϹٽܿĴ˿ڣҲһǲһ㣬ӵʦǵ֮еĳһλǿߣȻǲ࣬Ϊ֮ȴԶԶسԽǣһ˼ҲǿϹҵϣ˳·ͬжѡ
ϣоͬʦŻһСоҪɱǣһͷӡԽԽľŷһ֮󣬱Ǵ죬ɫǲ԰ࡣ
ƾվǰȴЩ˸ܵͬһɽֻ̧ͷ
ú˵Ϲٽܵȼ˶ʱð亹˾ȻǿȻŵ֮еǿȣ
ϹٽܴʱӸһĨҵɫҸղûаڳϹҵͷȻǵǿһʱˬùĿɻԼ
غһϹٽܽе𣬷ǻ˷ƣ˿ΪϹٽҪԷƳ֣¶ͬɫ
ɫΪ֮΢΢ȫûоɫִǿϹٽԼȵķҲһ󾪿֡
ǳϵǣϹٽ˷Ƶǰû¶ŵĸ̬߰ǶŷƹϹ
۲ʶ̩ɽûпǰݣе֮ǰ
Ϲٽ̬ܵȻƵͷ
һ̣ԱߵΧȺǸӶǳŲ˼ɫû֪⵽׷ʲô飬õϹҾȻǻ˵ͷ
һʱ֮䣬˶Ƿ׷׿ʼԷƵо棬ܹϹٽܶǲòͷĪǵ۵ˣ
ִʱ˶ʯ״̬ûϵȻ龰֮еźܴĲ졣
еҵϡ
ƿǰϹٽܣǹһĨ޵Ц⣬ѹϹܹΪ֮еһϹٽܵϾܹó
ǰ֪ûʲô԰ǰģ
ȻϹҵڸ򲢲ǺܺãϹٽȻҲһ֮ƾݲԹɫı죬ͿԿóƾԲһˣڸȻΪʲôԼܹһλǿߴϹϵδҲһʾԻ
˫һЦؿţ濴ʲôȴһĨ⣬ղΪϹٽܿϹҵ˶ҶȻŭǻԷƳ֡
ԷƵӣ˲ҲˣһϹٽ֣ܳôȻɼԻڷƵУϹұǺͷƳ׵վڶɳǿԸơ
½ȴǼλվ۷Ĵڣ˭ûа취˷ƣֻҪϹҶֳԿˣôϹĵۿ϶Ӳܣһƾ͵ͬǵ˵Ȼ
ϧϹٽܲ˵Ƿǳû³ç£ǹάƣͼŷϹϵԵ÷ǳ顣
ңϹٽܵľٶ⼸ҲǷӦ׷Χŷƣܲܽύһ·ǿߡ
ƼΣҲûа취ֲЦˣҲֻ⼸ҵӵ˵ЦҲΪġ


1974 
˶Ǿסˣǽ¶ַɫҵӣнǿ²õɫƻһͷǳĿ´ڣȻЩҵҲǲڷƵǰΣʱɻ
ĪԵ֮еǿߣ
ŷò˶޷ŵĸоܹΪ۵ǿߣʵ޷ţϹٽܵҵӽǲΪȻΪһľ֮󣬷ϻͯҲ£ҲΪ㣬ǸоƵɲ⡣
ǰ֪սٸк飬ȿԴ͡
Ϲٽû˿صܹŷǿϹϵǸһ㣬˸۵ǿʦ
ǵԼҪۣײ飬֮ΪλʥΪӵİҲǻ˵أǶڴ˵أϣܹϣΪŵӡ
δĳ֣ȴǿһǿߣȻǿϲܹƿʣΪӣǿνǰ;һƬ
һȺˣ˺֮⣬ҵӽΧڷƵߣǼͣʱԼӶҪԴƣ뵽Լǰôӵ̬ȣҲ־¡
Ȼһƽϣ°Щ̫ʢҲֻõһ󱲹е۵Ŀˡ
ԣϹٽܵҲɫ΢䣬ĪǿѾµˣ㣬Ϊλе۵Ŀˣ
Ϲٽܵ˵ɫ仯ҲԼز²⵽ʲôûеƣЩվͬһˣע̫Ľ
Ȼʱ򣬹㳡֮ͻȻرһΪ貵߲âγһ÷ƶ͵̧ͷŹ㳡ķ
ʸ˫ʱҲΪ֮ȣŷͬɫǵ߲âв־ɣ˭ʣȻǿ
һ߲ʹɢ˿һ߲ʹ֮󣬶¶𺳵ɫʼϵعһ߲ʹĤݡ
ô£
ƾɵʵɨӹΧִʱִͬҲ¶ɫһ߲ʹĤݹ£̬Ϊ𾴡
ǿؿϹٽǼҲˣƺ˵ʲô˵鷢һ㣬𽥵أ򿴵߲ʹ˶Ĥ֮عݶ¡
߲â壬ġȻʴڣ
ӴʱԼͫףһ߲ʹ૵صڼ𾪵״̬֮Уһ仰ȻСȴز׽
壿
ʵ֣Ҳ֪ĳ˲õʣҲȤ˭ӵʡ
ȻʱͶ㳡ķ֮ʣ߲ʹĵطҲΪ֮һ㶡
ڹ㳡֮У˶Ƕ߲ʹĤݶ£Ψƺͻʸ˫վŵģƿԺؿ߲ʹǳڹ㳡룬߲ʹ֮˾ȻС
ȻС𣿡
ƿһĻҲʧеִͻʸ˫ע⣬ҲǷˣľȻС
⡭⡭ôܡ
ִ˷Ƶ͵̧ͷһĻ˶Ĥݵ߲ʹȻԼĶɣһʱ֮Ҳ𾪵ƽ
ȻǺΪģӦ˲õˡƿһۣҲһĨЦݣСʴسϡ
ʵʱΪ𾪵ľǻʸ˫˺±Ǳһ㣬Ʋ֪Ϊȴ֪
½ĳλٳĿռ䣬λǺɣ
ܹʣӵʵˣǶôؿ£ԶԶسԽԼ壬һûʸ˫Ϊ𺳵ġ
߲ʹ𣬾þòɢԶĵطܹһʱھԶһɽ壬һɫĮȻظ˰Ȼͦ
߲ʹĳȻע⣬þõһ߲ʹϵĮȻ𽥵ʧ¶һĨЦݡ
ұڸʦдӶߣҪһǿˡ
ӵɫ𽥱أ˼Ƭ̣óһԼӡȥǽһӡϢǱ˵֮С
嶼ǳˣ½ԽԽԣ


1975 Ԥ
ǳ߲ʹ½֮ϣͬһʱ䣬Ϊڵһ̶ȵǿ߶ǽ˵ڵķ
ڶߵ侳֮еһƵ¥½һطԺ
Ժ˵ŵۼͳ½ͷȴǻɳĮ޾֮ϡٵĵط˵½ĴССͷΪ
Ѱ˻֪½ΪͷԺǵۣʮֵν½ǵ濪ٳһռ䡣
½״˶೤ʱ䣬Ժ͵۵ˣԼ壬ֻǼǵãΪӱĳֶ½ǵĺڴ˵طܡ
Ժ͵ͷһԤԣֻͷĸ߲ʸ֪ǹϵ½δһԤԡ
併٣һ˭棬ɸ飬ƣ
Ժ͵ǿߣΪоԤԶΪ֮ĴۣǶûеóһȷĽֻ֪һ֣ôʹţҵѾǿʼ
ڷƳ½һ˲䣬Ժ͵۵ǿߣǲ׽һ˿ǷԣͬʱҲûκεϢͷûзϡ
Ȼ÷ѹʼ½֮Уͷǿߣһ˲֪ˣԤԵĵһĳˣȻǲ֪νʲô䣬Ϳ֤ĳ֣½˵ȻǺ¡
ȴ֮дδֹʶǳ֣õõۺԺǿϿԤԵʵԡ
¥Ķ㣬һվ˴·ľɫ߲ʹĳ֣ͬҲ˸ӦҲһԤԡ
ڴ˵أȻϳŵλʥԺǿߣʥ
䣬ɣ֤ˣô𣬻νɸʲôʱ֣ơ
ɫŵĺ૵ӿһĨȣΪԺȨˣŵ۵һλվ½۷壬֪Ψ˲֪һЩ顣
һԤԣа仰ûǾǳɵƵۣ
Ҳ˵ڽ½ͻǧδܹ飬ǾǳɾشΪۣ
Ӻ½˵˭ϣɵۣôȻ͵۵һλһֱڵȴԤԵķ
䣬ͺɣȻʲôⲢĿ꣬Ǿǳɵۣ
ңΪԺȨˣҲǺ֪ңԶعȥǵۣԺһռǨƶΪ˶ĳ顣
һЩڴ飬֪Ǹ磬ǵĹ磡½Щ濪ٳ½ѪһǴԺһǴŵۣ
ǵ½γ˽ƣ׵жϵ½޷֪磬ͬҲǲ֪½Ĵڡ
ΨµĴǿ֣ܹ߳ƣصĽһ㣬һֱԺǿ׷顣
ʥϲҵҪ׳ɵ۵㻹ҡЦʲôɫֱ
ڵ֮ڣصЩǲδǿߣҵǶǸνǸȤһαҪȡ
ɫ۷룬óһö򣬽Լͽȥָ֮ͬһâ˲ƿȥ˲ʧʡ
ʱڸһһһţԺΪǿߣʱУԴ侳˵һֱǰʥʾȥѰν䡣
ͻȻ֮䣬ӦʲôȻͣٶ£˽ż̤ڽ̣ڿУԶһռǿʼӳЩ
߾
ֽһӡһһռһâֱڵķ
ֱӵץסö򣬿öʥҲһɫأǲʲôش֮£ʥ˿ɲᶯֶΡ
˫ʥҲǴԺ֮УƬ֮ǻ˫ǰʱڵλãԿԶʱʱɫâ֡
壿ٺ٣һԽԽ˼ˡ


1976 Ӱ
߲ʹɢ½Ĳˣڸ֮Уûһ˲߲ʹĤݹ£߲ʹĺ壬ûһ˲
ƾĿȥֻһ߲ʹ֮дСɢʱСѾƺܵĳǣڰ֮У߲ʹС
ƺνĺѣƾɵصһ߲ʹû̺ʲôֲֻĳѳСʲô⣬Ҳǿ綯Ų˹㳡֮У̧ͷſСʱ˫ûκ֪
ȻڷҪְСʱ򣬹㳡֮еһЩ۷߽ǻع֣ν½飬ʮǰһǳһ壬ڵ˵һֵø˵顣
ܹȻϢسڹ㳡֮УõЩ۵߶ľҪ֪ڹ㳡ΧһЩƣκҪ㳡ҪƣȻƵĳ֣ȴýûκεز
ǡ˭
ʱһ۵˴ӵϻվȻһŮӣɫֻһۣȴǽߵĸڸסˡ
Ǵ˴εɳָĿ˳֮һӰ
ŷƣӰ¶һĨ裬ڵ֮еλǲͣΪǲһǳûνʥףǵΪĽ֮ܳһ
ȻշӰȴڷƵϸоκεزȴôֵĶ֪һ㣬иеΪ𺳣Ϊ˵ƵΪѾԶˡ
ܹԽģΨǴ˵֮еʥףǵۣܹվˣҲ࣬ʥȻǣܳӣ˵Ҳ̤ʥ֮У֮⣬żǰࡣ
ǣȴһȥµӳ֣Ǵ˵֮еʥף÷Ӱβ𺳣仹ʱ
֣½˵һ£ΪһλǿĴһʣʴδֹǽСľѣû˻ĳ֡
СĽȻ޿Ϊ壬ʣǳԽϡ
ӰƵĳ֣ΪԷŵģŻ¶˾顣
Ƴһ۷ӰҡҡͷԷ޷вҲûбУת߲ʹ֮еС𣬿ǷҪֽ־ѡ
ƵƳһԼӰʱɫ࣬ڵ֮УҲǼ˸ԴȻΪδţƵΪʥס
ҾͲˣŰʦǵȴڲ磡
Ӱ𽥵һʼͰѷƸжϳΪˣȡģټϣƶɫĸеΪ
ӰӰһ˱ʧԭأٶȳ֮ʣѾƵı󣬴ʱ˿̣Ӱжһѳѳ͸Ĺ켣Ӱ
ӰǷӰ
ʱ򣬺ӵĮȻɫȫתΪ˾֮ɫû뵽֮һĵˣӰ
Ӱôû˵
ϹٽܵҵһۣȴǷԼδ˵֣ⲢǣӰǵ۽ڰ֮µĿ´ڣϹٽΪϹңҲϹһ㲻Ϲҵóӣкܶ£ҲûӴġ
Ȼǲ֪Ӱڵ֮ڰ֮µһǿߣ˵ʥҲһ֮ңѡ
ӻصܹϹٽЩǰװ¸ˣӰ֮Ů˵Ǿʵһһˡ
ǸˣŷӰȣΣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ϲٽܱ뵽⣬ӰǼͻʥ׵ˣȻȴһֱ޷׽Ϊ磬ǿ
ôܿȣӰǡ
ЦЩ˹ȻĿ⣬һСӾȻҲӰȣȻûд˵һĻͫױǽɫһĨ𾪡
ΪˣӰĴ̳һȻǱָͷסˣ
Ӱµһ˲䣬Ʊڶ֮ƣѸٵֱָӵؼסһ
һĻ˷ӰͬԱ߹ۿһĻеǿ߶֮У⵽ô£


1977 Ӱ
ʸ˫ƳһǷӰҡͷЦǲ֪ʥ׵ΪûУȻƳ֡
Ϊŷƽִε¾ƴʱӲһ˿ԭӦеΪȴһּΪµҸǰڴչֳһףʸ˫жϳʱƵĻܹ߶νսһ
˭ΪʲôҪҶ֣
赭дؼס˷ӰһֹһĨãӰϴŵۣΪҲڳ֮ߵһ͸ղһ˲Ƕɱ˷Ӱ
ӰȫŵؿԼӰȻǱôˣ֪ôġ
Ҫ֪ܹһģʦְҲδܹȴ׵ؼסԼĳԼĹơ
ɶ񡣡
Ӱŭɫ֣ԼôҪӰǷƵָ˿ûаɽĺۼ
ûʲôԣҶɱ㡣
𽥵ӿһĨͷɫʱС𻹴νľ״̬кǽʱ򣬷Ӱ޶˶˵Լ֣ƢٺõˣҲ̲ס
ǵ۵ģ˭жǿ󣬽ҲܴӰҧȻǰķƺܿ£Ǻ¹ش󣬾ԲС
ʲôһ£һʱûзӦҲ뵽ʱķӰѾǰ˵ˣҲûǸȥֻһ䣬ƺ۵˲׼ԼСߡ
۾ƾ㣬»޷ҡҡͷЦǿô֪ǰӰҪδе쿪ˡ
㵽һģȻ棿ӰɫҲǱýһҡΣƵ̫ˡ
ҲκһƵؿһ۷ӰоϻȥҲ˷ʱѣ˫ָ
꣡
һ촫һӰڷӰֱ֮ӵر۶ϣһĻǺӸֱӵرŵڵϣƵͬڿŹһ㡣
ӰȻǱӲ۶ϡһָͷ
Ӱƺ޷ʵ˶ԭأԼѾϵһصӰɫüΪȻ
ôܡôܡ
Ӱ૵Լʦ𣬽ӰԼʱĳ˵ӰͬʥǿӲϵĴڣʱȴӰָͷ۶ϡ
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫ҡҡͷڵ۵ӡδе½ӰΪʥףȴָű÷ˣ
һʥǵӰܹ˵ƣôԼ鶹װˣ񾵶÷û취
ǵ۵ĵӷϣҲ붯ɱ㣬Ҫһٶսҵԡؿһ۷Ӱ
ʱ˿̣߲ʹ磬ûκɢļСǴУ˶ǽ˫ûκѵؼ
Ǽ򵥵ؾѣ෴ڽĳִһ
оһ㣬ƸʽһСܵ˺ǾͲˣֻѡСҲǲû¶κεʹɫ÷һ
Ȼȴûע⵽һֱѾϵİӰķӰѾȻһֱ仯
ʱ˿̣Ӱ˫ΪӰ۶϶ÿնȻڷӰԺ֮УȴǶȻ˵Ļ
ĽӰΪӰûоӰ
仰ʱ򣬷Ӱľ绹һ仰ĺ壬ȻշƽӰ۶ϣһµľ硣
ûСӰ
Ӱر˫оһ㣬˫ָЩ貵âЩâסӰȻƬ֮ӰȴǻСʱâ֮С
ţͻƣ
ͬһʱ䣬ƺͻʸ˫͵ؽ˷Ӱϣû뵽ԷȻǻʱ̽ͻƣҿȥջ񻹲С
ⲻΪҴ̼˰ɣƺٺһЦ°ɣӰͻƣҲûгΪη塣
ͻ벻ͻƣڷ˵ûκ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ӱǻ˫âŷƣΪʲôֹͻƣ
ûҪʵ˵ȻеˣȴʵȻԼҲǲ֪ΪģȴǸоӰԼ첻в


1978 Ӱ
ŷƣӰӿһղΪƵľٶԼһȫµľ磬ȻΪûжͻƣȴͻʥ׵Ļᡣ
ʥǿߣ
ӰٴԷƣҲһĸоǰվţȴͬһ޴ɽ޷Խֻ
ָоֻڵ֮еǼλǿϸܵЩǿһʥ׵ĳǿߡ
ǰɡģӦʱȫɶǷСϡ
̬ӰҲҲһĨɫҲԺ֮еһλǿߣҶߺ壡
÷ӰĻһ£ֵɨһ۷ӰҲԺġ
һأֵӰˣǰΪƾԺɳǿߣˣҪᣬѺߣϾôһʣ½˵ͬ˵ĴڣǵۺԺȻҲĳ֡
㲻Ժǿߣôܣ
ӰʧƲԺģôΪʲôҪֲǽĿں֮ϡ
ʶСһԼĸףҪǴߣѵʲôôֵƳһ۷ӰȫŮ˵ΪξԼ
ʱ򣬷Ӱ˽£ԭһжΪԼΪᣬƸͲԺǿߣҲ壬ʶСкѡ
ԭˡӰЦŵͻȻֿЦõĸоһжԼ˶Է֡
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫Ҳǻ߹֮ϹһĨǳЦȻ֪ʲô飬ҲܹжϳӰڵ֮еĵλӦòУһõĻᡣ
˭
ʸ˫ĳ֣Ӱٶ¶裬Ȼȴٶȱȣʸ˫ԼȻǿ͸
ѵһʥǿô
ӣСкҲʶʸ˫ЦصȻ˵ֵʱĲһĪУҲû˵ʲôϾԼڿʧȥһм䡣
Ӱĸоʲôʱ½ϣʥǿ߶˵ľˣƽʱһʥǿ߲ڸɽ֮УܹǣԼȴһʥǿߣ
İɣСüô˺Сءʸ˫Цŵȴʱ̵شŷӰĥŸνӽӶ˽⵽ۡ
ǶԺǿߣӰɲص½֮ϣȴûʥǿߣһԳˣҲ̫˾ȡ
Ĳǡʸ˫ȴЦŶԷӰ˵˵ɣӣǶƺ𾴣Īʲô
ʸ˫˲ûжԺ¶⣬ӰҲһ½λµ֧Ѫ֮еǿ٣һǿߣΪɣ֮УǵۣǺһֽġ
ɣ
ʸ˫ȴǲ죬ɣҪ֪µһ֧ѪоһΪĪźʲôϵ
ǵģ˵֮УǱضھѵʱ򣬻߲ʹ֮һӰ͵ҲǶڴʱС״̬Ժ⣬Ϊʲô߲ʹάôã
ضô
仰ƺ򣬿һ۲񷣬߲ʹֱʲ񷣬֪ͨδ±ǲ²⵽СʱӦڽܺĴС
Ȼʱͻ
ǳ߲ʹ֮УȻظһģӰӰǱӰ֮󣬸һԴѹ
Ǻ𣡡
ǵӰĳ֣˶ǾˣӰŵ֮йĺ񣬺ƣ˶ǶһӰĤ
ͬӰʱҲһؾӰȻŵ۵ĺһģһ
ƽضһӰֱһӰƺǲɺǣܹвԼ޴ڵѹȴʹ
֣ɳ
ȻһӰ֮дӰǻɢȥһбͬûзȻƵɫȴ𽥵رΪ֣Īرһ¡
ңƻܵõǵӰʧһ˲䣬ƺԼһָо֣ƵȷǸܵˡ


1979 
ָо֡
ƵɫʼأղһƺֻԼӰͻʸ˫ûһ㣬ʱһ߲ʹҲ𽥵ر
һѽסڿеµС𣬷ӰʶҲ뵽ƺǸʶҲ
ʸ˫Ҳǿںֽڴ˵֮еʣҲַǳ档
ƿһۻеС𣬴ʱС𽥵ѹ˫һ˫ȴǺ߲֮ɫǰĺɫӲһ
Сû°ɣ
С߲ӣƶһ£ʱСĸоͬǻһһ㣬Ϊİ
ȻСеɫ֮ɫܿһţǻʸ˫Ҳûע⵽˲תΪɫ⡣
磬ʲô飿ҸоԼһóΡС𿴼ƵĳҲİ˲١
㣬ղ㶼ʲôʸ˫һղСӦڽĳִУԼʱģࡣ
ƴʱüͷ壬оСϷһЩΪ֪飬ղ߲⣬ǰ߲ʹ֮гֵһӰͶԼϵεȵơ
ҡһˣΧ߲ʵ磬ȻǸؽҵ壬ûˡСС֪Լղžô顣
𣡡
ԱߵķӰ㵵ʧһСľǺͬղһģӰ
ǡôˣ
Сʱ򿴼Χܶǹݶ£ҲһʶŷƵĻһ㣬е㲻ЩΪʲô¡
ΪǺ壬Ƕ㡣ЦصȻǣǴʱСȥûд󰭣Ҳһ
壿Сʲôк壬ȻҲǲ֪ղŷԼϵ½Щվ۷ǿ߶Ϊʧɫ
С𡣣
ʱִ翴СѹҲ˹С¶˹еɫҲ΢ЦŰС𽻸ִ硣
û¡С𿴼ԼǸҪ޵ɫҲǺܻᰲοص
û¾ͺãû¾ͺáִ缤صСǶô˲õĴڣС⣬ûʲôİΣΪҪ
Сĸô
ʱżӰҲ֪ǰһӾǺĸףҲ̿ڵ֪ǷԸСۣ
Сܽô
ִȻв²ⶼС϶ǲǵСܹۣҲһ󼤶Сܹۣǿǹҫ飬ζС֮С
Ȼܣֱӵذڵʥ£ΪʥĵλӣӰЦŵ֮Ҳ͸¶һĽ֣ʱȻѾǾ˵ʥС˵֮УȻֻеʥܹΪͽ
ټĵ֮УԷӰּͻƳʥˣҲûʸΪʥͽܣԵ֪СδȻһƬ
ʥ
ִʱȫǱˣСܹۣ⣬ҪΪ˵֮λʥͽܣǿ붼顣
ĿôִǴȥˣȻһ˵ʮǰʥ˵ڶͽܣǸѾǳΪǿ֮һ
ȻǿԡӰЦŵͷ
ҿԽôС̧ͷԼĸף仹С֪Լʦɻµǿߡ
ԣԣִʱֱ޷üû뵽СҲŽգΪʥĵλӣ
ʱ˿̣Աߵ˶Ѿ֪ո˺壬еʥĵλӣ˸оһˡ
ʮǰڸΪʥĶӣʮҲŵʥĵλӳ֣Ȼǵؽĺõط
һʱ֮䣬Щ˽ǿʼ˳ܶ˶ĽСܹΪʥĵλӣ˼ԴҲ˵顣
ҽ֮󣬿ԱøһǿôС֪ԼԽ֮ҲǿĵһЦ
ȻǿԣøġЦŸСԴСҪۣôȻҲǲȻ֪ʥжǿܹΪͷ֮һȨˣٲҲȥ
ʱһˬʵЦȴȻò˶Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ʲô侳Ժ仹˭ܹҴʦֻҪǿ


1980 Ժ
ͬװڳ˵Ķ𣬲˶ǸозţǾ̧ͷԴڷ
һѳڰ֮УȻڳ֮ȴվһӣ·ϵؽĴȴǱݡ
侳Ժ
ˣӰͫ׽ʧ
ԺͬҲһ֣ͲʮȴѾеʥǿߣ
ĳ֣Ȼ˵֮Щ˵ĻңҪ֪Ժ͵ۣȻΪ½ͷҵĹϵʮֵǢȻҲǻأһǵһ侳
Ժ͵۵˴ûйĽȻ˵ϼͺɱҲԲɫԷﻹǵ֮УȻԺ֣߳һ㲢
ƴʱΪɫüͷһԷѾʥǿߣһʥ֮вߣܹԼһ˿ɵ֮ġ
Ƿ½֮ĵһʥǿߡ
ʸ˫ɫеŹ֣Ϊ֪棬۽ͬһôΪ۵ĶͷԺ¾ǳһ
ʱ˿̵¶һĨЦݣǵ۵ķӰպҪһʥˡʥ׵ǿߣȻһۿ˷ӰΪҲΪ졣
䵽Ƶ֮ʱɵ÷һһĨɻɫܿһĨɻɫתΪء
Ϊ֣ԼƵΪ
Եƽ棬ûаֵǣڵѪȷʵͬذ磬̶ֳԼһֿµĸо
ƣвеĵһͷȻʥǿߣȻҲ֪ʥ֮Ҳŵȵ֣ʥʥףҲʥףǵʥȴһͷѹȴ޷֮
ǽƵԱߵĻʸ˫ϣɫҲͬرùŹ֣ΪҲʸ˫ϢȫûаΪȴһּΪѹȵĸо·ڻʸ˫ڣһͷ͵ľޣʱпܳˡ
ʲôʱôǿˣҲΪǵ۵ʥǿߣôδ̫ˣҪ֪Ϊ½ͷڱ˴˵ҲǼΪԷŶʥǿߣ˫ʵ˶٣ͷľ
ǣƺͻʸ˫ȴǲڵ֪֮УһоÿµĵطɫҲǱ
ǵҲ̫ģǽոһ壬Ҳûзֵôλǿߡ
ŷƺͻʸ˫ˣƽصȻ͹˵۶ԺӣȻλʥǿߵĳ֡
Ҳǵ۵ˡȻƲϲЩ£ǻֱӵؿżɽԼݸ˵ղǰ㣬ֱӱӰԺˣԼ֡
Ҳǡʸ˫ЦصͻȻ뵽һȻΪСǺ壬Ҿõͷסˣֱӵɳǿ߶ҪľС
ʸ˫е̴ĿɾֵĽ棬ȻܹۺԺĵ̣ʱΪȫʧȻ֮С
ƺͻʸ˫˵Ļشһ㶣û뵽˾Ȼǵ۵ǿߣ
ԱߵķӰʱ¶յɫݺݵصһ۷ƣʱ۲ûʥǿڳסǷƲ˵ôȻҲǻɵƵˣ޷֡
һжǱƵļ仰ˣ֪ʱڸûʥߣǿ»ϾͶ֣ǿдߺ塣

ЦɫͻȻر䣬ΪСôʥǿ߲࣬ǲǵصʥǿߣĪµģ
ʸ˫ԣʱЦҪĻͷ˵ȷҲ˵µġ
Ų޹ءƵĮؿһ㲻ѵͳԺ͵طûʥǿô
ĬˣŷƵɫ˵Цתһ룬ҲǺٺЦȻ㲻ǵ۵ģҾͽߣõ۵Ǽͷ
£Ӱһ⣬ֱСȥҪǿд
֮죬ӰûзӦȻȴûκξٶΪоһϢѾǳˡ
ǵݲһ˵Ķߡ


1981 ۣ
Ժ
ʱѾǷǳؿС𣬷ûκξٶڻһâߵʱ۾գһ¡
һ֮󣬶ȻһĽһռ䣬ƺͬǱһ㡣
һ𣬷ӰҲǾϲؽԱߣϲؽеʦ֣
Ľ⵽ҲܵӰ죬ٶȶȻ½˲٣ҪӽСһӰȻسСǰ£
һĽ𣬶ʱƵ˶Ǹоǰһǿ߶ͬһʱԼĽʡ
ѽѸٵײһȻַֿڿһĻ𻨣ӰҲǵ˶صԭλá
ʥĵڶӣȻ鴫
ûˣղ˶ǽ̽ѣ˫ûгȫҲǴŵز²⵽˰Ϊ
ԺҲ
СǰһϮɫ۷ӽеĳ˽ʣ૵ƴʱҲǽעͻȻֵǿϣҲǸ̾ۻԻ֮أһɫ۷Ӹһֺرĸоֱ˲öԸ
ʦ֣ôҲˣ
ʱӰЦŶͻȻֵɫ۷ӽеҲǼǵ˾ڸ߳ȥĵʥڶӣ
ʦ¡֮䶼ǳһְⲢǰһֽΪǿߵĽҲΪԵʡ
ƺΪϤԸ񣬷ӰҲûЩֱӵضŰ˵ʦּ֣ʱҪȻ͸Ժ˴˺塣
ιιСѾͷ⻰ô˵ģѵܹҴô⻰жʱе㲻ˬˣ˵Լûа
Ժ͵ͻ࿴Է˳ۣҲǲˬԼôͰһͷˡ
㱾ûҼҶʦӰûиɫҲǽСָܸŵʦ֣Ǻˡ
ԣСϣС𣬰һĨ⣬С֮ҲǸ̾ҪһСʦˡ
ִʱǲ֪ˣǰ˿νǸĴ棬ʮǰڸ߳ȥʮȴǻٶȿһĵΪҪǣԼӣ
ʱ򣬰תĮһĨ⣬ҵ֮ڷֵģӦǰҵ£ĪԺǿɣ
ȻǲԺְСߣô˵ִ˵֮еʣʵţοԷҲԼˣ϶Ժ
˵¶˵󵽰ɣҲЦŵұȣҪǿ˵Ŀ㣬ˡ
ԣɵýüͷЩԺ˶˲Ҳǽ˵ҵ۵Ŀ˵㣬һԺˣʲô
ԣУҲǵȷֵģҲǺġӰҲǳе
һûʸ˫ͷе̿ͷȥСһ㡣
ӺԣúҲôһ£Ƭ֮ϵЦݸΪãԺʦֽ˭ȭͷ󣬾˭е
ôһ˵ƺͻʸ˫ɫǱüΪŹ֣ԺҲһȤĵطȻ˻ô˵
˼Ҫˣ
üͷƷڽ֮ϣ̤һδܹӮңˣǵ򣡡
û˭֪
ҲЦŵ֮ȷ𽥵ӿһĨս⣬ȻʦַԸҪѰҵ䣬ܹѺҲδزһ¡
˵֮նȻر̣˶ס˺ɶǴ˵֮еʥǿߣҪﶯô򶼻ٵģ
ʵΪβһԼ˼
ʱ򣬷ͻȻ̧ͷһ䣬ָСȥ˭סǲȥҲû취ȥ
һ仰ðһ£һۣҲǻԼƴƴ˼һͷԼߣǾЦͿˡ
ߣ⻹ôȻǼҵۡЦſҲЦǺǵص֪ԺĴڣͲ־ˡ
ãǾСкľΪ׼


1982 
£˲ؽСϣһĻ˿˶̿ۺԺΪ½ͷȴΪһСӽ¶ִ⴫ȥҲ˾ŵ޷š
Ϲٽܵ˿һУж¶˼ĽɫԼСôһ顣
ϧⶼֻԺǣǲӵܣȻƽڸ߲ʵĵλǷаʥǿǰ϶㲻ϡ
˱Ȼǰҵ£Ժ֮˾ͱȾָˣؿЦе飬вɵðŭ
˵˼Ҫ֪ԺǿҲıעˣʲôŵʥǸͷѧʲôԺʦֺһ㣡
ȻһֱЦݣ˵Ļ˿ã½֮صʣֻһֹһΣһͷᡣ
Сܵܣ˵£벻ۣΪ۷ǿߣС𣬾ȻǺ¶һ˿ЦݣСԴ
ִʱֱѾǱ˵ˣǺˣ˵֮еʥĵڶλӣڵ֮УҲźܴհȴվǰϣӼۣͬذڵʥ£
СС֪ۺԺͷжô£Сڵ֪֮еضǿĴڣȴ˸֮磬˵ۣܹ֮ڣ
һʱ֮䣬СҲжϲֻǽͶƣԴˣҲЦЦ˵ʾСԼѡ
٣СһԺ˵Ϊ۷ǿߣۿԣͬҲԣԺȵ۸ǿ󣡡Цŵ֮гһջ
ѵͲܹһ㣬ô
˵ŪĳԼųڿзСǸСӣǼְϷҲ¶ɫ
ôСһԺܹѧġС¶ɫϵЦҲǸʢֻҪСֳȤǾͺðˡ
ߣС
һͬʱҲǲмصҲӦýŶԣСϷҲóСӶѣѵԺŪ˵ô
װˣбóСһﶯĵĶΪȻ֪ӱȽϹ°Ȼ޷ƤԵҲ˿ġ
㡭
һգһתССܵܣģǵȶҲܹѧᣬѵͲϴճɾô
ʲôСԴʰ
˵ҲںŪСôɾأȷԱˣ˿ӰҪǵۿԽ̳һҲǼҵʥǸͷ۶ûͻء
ˣ
ǳԼΪ𾴵ʦϣҲ̲סֱӵضԺҲò˵ȥǰѣ
̫ˣȻҳǵ۵ǿߣ
ʱ򣬵۵ҲŭȵΪӵܣÿһ˶ڵʥǼΪ𾴣ȴԺ˿һǣܹס
ѵ˵ôƤúܣȻǲЩ˵ŭʼ½ܹɵ۵ģΨԺʦֶѣ
Ȼǵʥ
ӰҲŭ⣬Ϊ㣬Ͷˣоǰȫûʥǿߵ磬ȻжԺˣһЩ޳֮ͽֱ
ٺ٣˵ȥˣҪ⡣Цеص֮Уܹ仰ܹ飬αغķʱ䡣
Ҳд⣬ﲻʺϽ֣ҵû˵ĵط֣˭ʤͿ԰ѺߣصеδʵĳǿĽ֮𣬼Ϊ¡
ʱС۵սڵǿ߶˲ȴ
˭ȷǿҾ͸˭ߡ
һۣСϣԼͬʵ˭ķ磿
С¶СָŷƵҪзҲŸߡ
Ҳһ£û뵽ջǰƤ߻صԼϣҲһЦؿСⲻǸԼ鷳ô


1983 £
˭ʱ˿̣ע⵽ƵĴڣҲܹΪڰ֮£ϸûκε֣ȻҲǺ
СĴ磬ΪΪӰʱҲϸ԰͵룬ǲ֪ôȥݷƵΪ
ôʱɫֹһĨãĪԼˣ
ٺ٣˼ҿʥǿߣҲδܹǿʱǲκӵĻᣬҲǷ̵õ۵ĶӣȻ˼ΪҲô
ʥǿߣ
ɫȻ´ŷƣڷȴû˿һǾɣܿǷֲԾĵط
ûаĴڣǰѪȴͬһӿվԭأϸĸ֮£ȴͬһɽ
ˣ˸㣬ͬԱǸŮҲʥף侮ʯƺ⿴һԾ顣
ʲôôܡ
˵ʥǿߣ⻹ܹ˵Ĺȥڻʸ˫ϲûУͬϢҲͬƽһ㣬ûκβôʥǿߣ
𾪣ŷƺͻʸ˫˲֪˵ܿ죬ҲǸܵ˻ʸ˫Ҳһֻƺʱӡһ㣬ؼ򣬸޷֡
ʲôʱʥǿҲߵˣ
Ǵʱ˿̰е𺳣Ҫ֪½֮ϵʥǿ߲࣬ȴ˵ۺԺͷµǿߣҪôɽ֮УҪôͷƺͻʸ˫˿δһӡûС
ĪԺʥǿߣɵؽ߻صϣ䣬ҲΨԺ͵ͷܹʥǿߡ
ҵ룬ϧǡʼһ˵ʵǷԺʥǿߣôĺߡ
˲ɢ޶ѣκ
ʸ˫ЦŵͬʱʾƲҪ˵һ˵Ͼ˲½ʸ˫ûаõ۵ǿ߰ԼָΪǰ£Բᱩ¶Լݡ
һֱۣǻʸ˫仰ʵĻҲûеƣϾ˼ҲԸ˵ȻҲǲ׷ȥ
Ȼˣʶܹͬǵ֮УϾǿֱӰʦ£λҲҹʦ֣һӦ赣ġ
ܿǷӦµʥǿ߹ϵǳֻҪ˵ǣǿú֮С
ңλģԸһصۣʦȻǺܻӭǡŵǳϿңǰԼʦɽǰ
Աߵԣʱһав¿鷳ˣɲһ飬ð֣»õʥ׵ǿߣ¿ǻͷ֮ƽƻ
ǷʰģҪҪǼǸʥͷ˵׼ʲôʱͽײˣ˵ʲô̵ˡҲԺǴʦвأѾǵʥˣͿԿ˭ǿ
̫ˣȻǵ۵ǿߣӰӰֻĻνֵ˼
һεûжŭ˻÷Ӱ侲ƽصҲ̫⣬˭֪ǼҴʦֲǵõѾʦľУֵܹزǿ޹ء
ߣΣʼոԺͱȸǵǰ;ˣ˷ۣȵڷϵԺͰɣǴʦҲͬʢǡ
ȻǰעԼҲһΣԼļ価ʧȥ֪ʲôǵۣʲôԺֻѰһԼļ䣬һжûϵ
ʸ˫˵֮һĨĹâͻȻ뵽ܹ۵һ
ֻҪܹǸνĵʥǵ˵ǸʥӦǽһ߾ܹΪ۵ǿڣӦԼΪʧ⣬ôʱԼܹԷ֣ɸȡ֣
ֲ̫ʾϾԼûаΪһоȨڷƵУʱ˿̣ʸ˫ϣܹӦȥһ˵ۡ


1984 ܾ
ʱ˿̣㳡Χ۵˶Ǳһ𾪵鿴ǳеļˣҲ֪ʱ˿̣Ǽ˿ɶǴ˵֮ʥ׵ĳǿߣ
Ѱʱ䣬һӶδܹһʥǿߣȴܹһλҲе꣬ͷʥǿ߶ˡ
ִ磬ʱ˿ͬһ㣬û뵽Լ֮оȻȻλʥǿߣҲиţΪľǣû뵽ԼĶӣгһܹͷͬʱҪΪӣζε顣
߶ڷϵʱ򣬼ǷҲǸеΣԼʲôûȴǱνķ֮С
ƣǻȥһ˵Ϊá
ʸ˫ŷǾ񲻶ɫҲǽһЩյƵĶߣϸǷѡȥԺԼļƻǾʹˮƯôԲָܷܹԼΪĻܵ
ֵؿһۻʸ˫֪ΪΣ֮Ǻųʸ˫ƺһܾʸ˫
һ㣬о֣˵ʸ˫ԼӣӦòָоΪΡ
뵽ƵԴƺЩʹɵǱ˫ɫʸ˫ҲǰвԼƺ̫ļˣŵòʧĸо
ƵԺһ뵽Ժһͬĸо˫һżΪ貵Ĵ۹âڹâ֮һɫâ֮еŮӣŮӵòģ壬ȴֻӳһԼ

̲סһʹĽɫʱüΪ԰ףһȻðһۣ˸֮еɫǲ֪Ϊηƻ¶ʹɫ
˼ҷˡʸ˫ʱҲЦŽ͵ȴǶŷ¶ЦݣʾҪ롣
˵˲ԭǴҲѹֻ¶ֲ׵ɫ
ʱԺһ⣬ŷƵѡԺǴʦֿʥҽʦʲôﶼ⡣
ò˵ܴƸˣһΪ㣬ͼ÷ƵͷԺֻҪȥԺôλʦ־Ű취ܹʥǿ¡
һ뵽޶ʥǿߣо˷ˣһ¿νǳ׵ؿѹһͷ
ǵͬҲԣ½ĵһҽľ޷ǰҲǵ֮Уʲôܹöľ޷ǰ˵βõġ
Ҳɱ±ǽĻ˵ȥ˼˵ԺеĶǵͬУҲǲ
ƴʱԺ죬ܹ˵Ļʹҡҡͷе׵ŬԼȥЩ䣬Żúһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬷Ʋǻ˫ֻɫȴ쳣ز԰ףͬ󲡳һ㣬ΪģУɵ죬ʲôصƣܹʥǿ߶ʹࣿ
ƽϢһԼ֮󣬲ǻ̧ͷڰɨӶƺںʲô
ˣҲֹͣŷƣȴֻҪƵͷôͲܹú룬ܹʥǿҲһ룬һǳҪ顣
ҪƺԼǰһ飬ǾѰҵ䣬֪ƾҪѰ֮ˣӻһΪʵɫ
ʸ˫Ҳסŷƣҧ촽ȴڼٵ˼ΣԼǱҪ֮УƲӦôΨԼСȥۣ
ʲôȲܹԼָΪΪҪ
ڷƣǴӦѡ۵Ļ¾ͻȥԺʸ˫Ҳûа취ֻܹȥԺպָΪȥѰҷƣɸȡ֣
ò˵ʸ˫Ļǿ£һ˲䣬ǰѺŶ뵽ˣȻϣľǷܹѡۣһܹ鷳ܹѷԼУ
غһ˵ǳǸǲȥԺǵ۵ģСȥ⣬ֻҪԸ⣬Ҳ档
ƾȻֱӵؾܾͰһʱ֮ûзӦȻ˻ܾԵۺԺ룿һԾܾң
Ƶɫ쳣Ҳ֪޷ģΪͬΪʥǿߣǸ޷ǿҪ󣬵Ҳֻһϧ˵УƲûѡһ벻ñ˴˵õĽ


1985 
ڳΨһоʧĿ¾ǻʸ˫ˣƾȻǲѡһǿգϾĽ֮УΨָܹԼΪ
Ϊʲôѡۣʸ˫ĬƬ̣ҲŷƣѾǻɣǲѾǼǵĳһЩ顣
ҡҡͷصҲ֪طʺңΪʲôҪѡۣ
ԷƵ⣬ʸ˫һʱ֮䵹ǲ֪ôشʱеںޣΪʲôԼ˵ԼǷƵӣһҪִȥѡۣҲ÷ɡ
ǣۣΨһָΪ;ʸ˫ǲŹᣬҲغһҲòȥ
ΪйأһĨĹâʸ˫ĻشûгϣŵصȥλʥְæָΪ
ŷ仰ʸ˫֮һĨɫƺ֪ĳЩ飬ѵǼָˣԣָˣôһʱͻԼ֣Բȵڡ
ʸ˫мٵغţǾ÷ֻԼؾﲻԣûлָ䣬ҲǷ˲٣ʱȻƶǵˣôҲǲ
ǵģҪָҵΪֻȥۡ
Żʸ˫Ļش𣬷Ʋ֪ΪΣȴһȻԼҲףΪλʸ˫ѡԶԼĸӰһЩ
ʧȥ˼䣬ǰ鲢֪Ҳ²û֮ʶԲǷ޹ϵƿŻʸ˫صȻûм䣬ɵӣôôһ㶼
ʸ˫ԣһͻȻ֪Լ˵Щʲôƾ䲻ڣǾȻܹز²⵽࣬оܲ졣
Ͱ˺ɵؿŷƺͻʸ˫˵ĶԻеĪǣҲȫ⣬Żʸ˫˼ƺҪȥۡ
֮飬ȴָһͻ֪ʸ˫Ҳ̾Ϣһȴаһ죡
ҲãиԵľ񡣡ƵһЦͷԼ֮ƺʲô
ʱ򣬰һ£Żʸ˫ʵղſ˵ǵȥ
ʸ˫˵ͷ»ָĮȻ֮ɫŰҪȥʥЩӦÿ̸
ʶʦ𣿡£ҲǾɵĪʸ˫ŵʥйɽ
ʶʸ˫ҡҡͷ֪ҵݣͻܸȤ
ûʸ˫ĪĻǰһʱ֮Ҳûа취֪ʲô˼ô˵һʥǿ߼һ¡
ԱߵȴǾɥɫ¿ɺˣҶӦһʥǿȴǼ˵ۣԺ˵һϢ
ãԸ⣬ȻǻҲǵͷӦ±Ƕ²ˣȻǸǵۡ
ˏ죬ʱ˵仰ȷǲ٣ŮǸСһʶ˵ֻҪ˵仰ܹǸСһ¶⣬ֱӵѡ˵ҲΪ档
Ҳǲûô֪˵˼ѡԺ
ԣҲҡҡͷЦǲеġ
£ٴССһѡۻԺ
ҲǽɫСϣͣգ۾ͼСעС˵ѯʶ֮޶ãֱӵ̧ͷŷʵ磬ȥ
С𣬷Ҳ¶΢ЦСԴҪȥѰԼʧȥĶ㲻һء
ҿɲԸһȥСϸ򲻹㣬֪ġ
С˵Сǰ˽ʥǿߣܹùǣȴҲ÷ֻСѡǡ
ɵӣҪǿֻбǿˣܹסԼļˡЦеضСѾúǿˣҪԼȥѰʧȥĶ
СƶǶԴʵǵұǿˣȥһô
СɫҲЦŵðСøһǿˣҾȥ㡣
ŷ˵СҲǿĵЦ̧ͷһԼĸףǿһ»ʸ˫ٿ˿ˣ룬ָŰҪȥۣҸߣ


1986 뿪
Сѡ񣬰ȻǺܿģҲЦ˳㶪ʾջӮˣۡ
ŲˬҲֻѹУݺݵصһ۰ҲĸεʼֽҲ֮С
Ȼˣڸһص۰ɣӰĿˡʱ˿̣ҲǺܺã˵ĻҲǶ˼䡣
Ӱ˵ͷȻ˺黹ǵҪڵ˵ÿһĿ˶ʿǼΪҪϵ۵δ˿
󣬰ƳһɻԻԺ˰ɣǵҪʲô¶ˣ¶ڵۺԺ˵á
仰޵صˣҪ뿪ҪڵŪʲôǷǣһֹ
һ۰ƺҲܲˣ˵ˣΪ˺ѡ
Ϊ˺壿ɵؿһҪڵȻǹܲţǲô˵ԺˣӦóڵ򡣡
˵ôװɣ˵أΪʲôΪҲ֪ôЩ´֪ûҪ˵еƵؿŰʱ汻һƭȥ
˵ԤԵ飿˵ɫҲʵԺվǳô
ϻԤֲǵ֪һ۰֪ǵ۶ԤгֵǸ˿
ԣһɱĬһ£Ǵ仰˿֮дʱɱ⡣
Ȼʦֲ²ûһܱǸԺõĿҵǴԺ
ƺͻʸ˫˶Ƕ԰ĶԻǲף˵ĻôһӱôˣΨзӰ¶˻ɫǸԤҲ֪
ԭԲΪ˺ֻ⸽˹źһ顣
ʦͬҲûв²ԺҪġˣҲǵһЦһɱԺһġ
ǾưɡʼƺûаѰĻڣɨһΧ˷ƵϣԸ⣬ԺĴʱΪ㳨
ƿϵɫҲһ˿øУ˵ͷõģлһȥԺһˣǸʦ֣ҲǸе档
ҾԺ㵽ҲǹЦһС¶һĨϧҲǶŰǵĽҪȵһˡ
ҲڴĽ֡ȻЦŵУҾԻһҵȻɱˣ
ٺһЦȰĺչ˺ðɣҾͲˡ
֮еĳҲԶطǰһվ˳棬һ뿪˴˵ء
˶ĿȥһԺļһﲻ壬Ҳһ£ȥʲôˣڳĳ˰֪֮⣬˽һɲס
ˣҲˡ
ʱ򣬷ͻȻؿڵһۻʸ˫Ҳûж˵ʲôŰ˸Ҫȥ
½ȴ˵侳طǱȽյģһЩطʥǿ߽ȥ˶ǼΪΣա
ĬƬ̣Ҳǵͬڸ߷ƣЩطʥҲ޷룬ҪóȻ嶯
İɣҲ³ç֮ˡЦЦСϣչ˺С𣬲Ҫίˣô˵СһҲҵľˡ
Ȼʥĵӣ˭۸üͷȴڻʸ˫ͷɨӣƺΪҪֿһҪȥʥһȴ˵ҪѰʲôʧȥĶ
ЦЦߵִǰϵϹлľ֮ǳĬؿһۻʸ˫ǾҪת뿪
ˣ£ΪжߣΪʲôҸо͸㣿ڷת뿪֮ʣͻȻʵһֱܺ棬ΪԼԷƣһͬɽĳظо
ͣ˲ûת̧ͷһ²񷣬жߣҾжߣ
֮󣬷Ʊת뿪ֹ㳡Χ˿߶Զÿһ·ܿ죬ƵӰʧ˵֮С
жߣжôǰҲΪⷬ𺳵ˣǶԸܹ˵仰
˵ûʥδĶ֡ʸ˫ɫӵؿŷʧķ֪ٴ֮ʱͱҪֳˣ


1987 Ů
뿪Ѿǹȥ죬֮ڣСͻʸ˫ҲڰĴ֮£ͬ뿪˸򣬷ص֮С
ֵ£½׵طֻڴ˵֮дڵʣȴ֣Ǳ۵λǿΪλӣòĽ
գܹۣѾһǳ˲õˣοǰڵ֮еǿߣʥ£ǶһӶĽĺˡ
ͬʱҲͬسΪ½Ľ㣬Ͼһسλţʮǰʥٸ򣬽ߣگ£Ϊ¶ӣʮȥ֮󣬰ѾǳΪ½ָһʥǿߡ
ʮĽ죬ٶȳһλ壬˷׷ײ²⣬δ½ǵ۵£һʥҲֻеʥ¡
ڵ֮󣬵۵ĿҲѾβ׶ˣӰڿʣļŶӣҲǸһĨ˵Цݡ
۵ջǲȴ˺֮⣬ʲˣ֮󣬿Ҳܹһˡ
Ӱ̧ͷߵϦͻȻ֮䣬֪ΪΣԺ뿪ʱıӰ˵һ仰
жߣҾжߣ
գӰҡҡͷʥ׵ǿߣʱûǸʸȥ⣬ϾڻûгΪʥǿߣ
ڴʱϦµʱ򣬸ߣҲһµӰٶȿƺȴǳ˳ؿ٣һ̣Զһ̣Ѿ𽥵˸ڴ
һɫŮӣǷ糾ͣҲ޷־ɫòǷڴ˵أҲδܹϳ
Ů̧ͷһǰĸ΢΢ر˫Ƭ֮󣬲ǻɤ֮³
ǷϢ
ƺǱϵĳϢŮǻ˸֮ٽ˵ۿ˽ʱ򣬵Ǹ֮˳
ȻŮȴЩˣֱӵԽ˹ȥڿ˾ȻҪֱӽǣҲҪƿڴǴǿŮǾΪ˵òһҲסڵˡ
Ǻ˳ɫŮӣһ毺õģȻŰɫţֵߣǿűӰҲѪڣǴǿŮӵò֮ÿһ˶סԭء
ǰһ̻Ƚֵĸڣһ˲䣬ͬ˶˶һ㣬㶵ؿǻԼǰ߹İŮӡ
㡭ڼҪʱһ۵ĵӻعҪŰŮӻ֣Ǽһ£ȻŮӲǻعͷƳһ۵ӣǲֱͣӵ߽˸֮С
ۣ۵Ӵʱͫ󣬻ɫüΪ԰ףղűŮӶһۣڹŹһذ㡣
ͨ
۵ӴðŮʧ֮УһӵصڵϣͣشŴɫǿ־֮⣬ͬʲôΪµ顣
ιôˣ
Աߵ۵ӿģҲһ£ع𣬺Ǻ棬׷ʲô顣
ÿ¡Ǹһ۵ӽ͵صƺûȫӸղŵ𺳻ָղŵһ˲ضӣԷĸо̫ˡ
Ǹˡ۵ɫҲһ䣬˼ǰͬҲһӣͷųϢ˽ȥԼ֮ĶûС
⼸Ķʲô˰
ЩӲҡҡͷи̾ҲʮֵŮǿߵ飬ȻԼСԹʵģҲǲᡣ
Ůڽ˸֮Уͱ˫ȴһֱǰߣȻԼҲǲ֪Ҫһ򣬵ŷµϢڸϢǰ
Ů߹ĵطȻŷƵ߹ĵطһģһ˹㳡Աߣߵʱ򣬰ŮӱǶȻͦ˫
ŮɨһȦ΢üͷԼܵϢͣڴ˵أ֮Ҳ޷Ӧˣͬʧһ㡣
ʱӰָʰ׼췵صۣȻȴƳ˲֪ʱڹ㳡ϣվһŮӣϦĹ֮¡
ʱŮӵҲɵŷӰӣǼ䣬Ӱסԭأ˶ʯ״̬һ㡣


1988 Ѱ
ŮͻȻسڸ򣬲ŷӰӣǼ䣬ӰоԼһ޾֮УڰŮӵ֮пһ̺֮ŸĮȻ
ĮȻƺûʲôõֲ䷢ֵһж޹أΪͬϽٵӣϴһֳϢ
Ӱų˲һ㣬ʱ˵ǰֻ̤ʥף԰ŮӣоѹԶѰˣʱӣоŮͬ嫵󣬶Լֻһҹۣʱпܱ
ۣ
ӰɫȻرò԰ףһѪ̱ڵϣؿڣͣشŴԺ죬벻ϾȻ˿һ񣬾
۵ǿߣʥҲ޷һ㣡
˵˭
Ӱ̧ͷŲϵ۸ţڽɫϦ֮лԼһϮۣԺȻһ⡣
֪ʲôʱʼ½ʼһŮӣǸŮӵ˫ľգµһΪҲĪ⣬˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱ½ģΪŮӵò̫ܶ˶Ϊ֮񣬵Щ³ˡ
ǸŮɱģŮҲһϮۣ½֮ţ쳾ӣ
ң˵ձɱһˣһеԺˣնɱ֮Ժ֮еһλʥǿ߶ŭϧԶ֣ҲǱԷһӣֿĻᶼûУԺһʥǿֱ߱ӱ˷һֻԺ͵˴˹ע֪Ѱ˸֪
ȻӰؿһϮۻԼ˺ŮߵԼǰ
Ӱʱǲ̧ͷŮӵղŵһ˲䣬ѾԼˣٹԼΣա
쳾ΪʲôѵҲΪ˺ôӰмٵͷΨһ׵ľǣԷΪľѰǰɺ䶯ĺ壬ȻҵǣСѾǱʦָ˵ۡ
Ҫע⣬¾Ҫ֮У½֮УɻûǸͷ֮һĵۣ
֪ҷȥô
һڷӰ𣬴ʱһϮµŮǰͣ£ŰŮ֮µӰӱϵóһʱ֮Ҳסˡ

Ӱ˶ûзӦʲô˭
ȻƬ֮ǷӦȴǼΪ㵣쳾ʲôʱ˷ʱ˿̣Ӱ֮ɫ⴫ȥͬҲúܶ˳Ծ
Ϊ½Ĵǣ쳾ӴǶһ˳֣ټƺ鲼½ܶط˶ӡ󣬵ȴûд쳾ʲô顣
ӰЦЦ쳾ôҷҵҲ̫һ㡣
ϢʧġŮĮȻɨһȦܣȴûκη֣ĸ֪֮УҲǲЩصĲֲǷ¡
гƬ̣շӰǹǲ̧ͷŰŮӣֻǵͷ쳾ӣҲ˵ķǺˣֻǵ۵Ŀ˵أ
Ůûм˵Ӱ̧ͷȴǿŮӴʱ˫һصĲɢ
ʱ˶ͬһʱͣеĶһ̣ŮӵɨӶҲûзԼҪѰҵˡ
ˡŮʧصһ䣬ûмӰת뿪һϮϦҫ֮£ԵΪµ
Ӱֱʱ͵̧ͷź쳾뿪ıӰįԺ֮в֪ΪξֹƵıӰ˵ıӰƣƺѰԼѾʧȥΪҪĶ
쳾ӣҪѰҵǲǽƣ
仰ԷӰĿеԼҲΪ֮һô˵ƵˣȻһ̣һ¶İӰȴǶȻͣٶס
ģƺʱ䶼סˣƬ֮ǱŮӵơ
ƣϤ֡
Ůֻ֪Լģȴ֪ͬƵ֣ʶֻǾֺϤԼжΪ֮һ¡
뿪ķߣһֱǰߣӦþͿԿˡӰ˻ֵŮ֮ͣ󣬱Ǽߣֱʧڻƻ̫֮¡
ǸֵŮӡӰź쳾뿪ķҲ૵


1989 ָ
Զڵ۵Ļʸ˫Ѿ֪ȥηķƣȻǲһŮӵĳ֣併٣һ½λվ۷ǿߣҲǲ֪ҲȻس֡
Ժʥǵ۵ĵʥ˶ǿز½άƽѾ𽥵رƣһеԴͷ䣡
û֪ʲôһһˣͷϵǿ½ҪѰҳν䣬ȴûһ˳ɹ˲һ˿¶Ҳǳ׵ʧ
ȻѰҲǵȴ˺壬С֮󣬵õʥָ㣬̶̵֮ڣѾǽʵĿ֮ӵ˼¡
ʱڵ֮еһ֮Уʸ˫ڵϣ˫ͬ˯һ㣬Ϣȴʱǿʱͬһ㣬ƺʱпϨ
ʸ˫˵ֱ֮ӵؼ˵ʥȻڻʸ˫ǵʥҲΪ֮㵣˽һ̸ǵ۵λҲǲ֪ʸ˫׺͵ʥ̸ʲô
ֻ֪һ𣬻ʸ˫Ƕһݣ۵ĸһڵ֮гΪ˽ڵʥ֮µһȴû˷ԣΪʸ˫ҲͬΪʥ׵ǿߣ
ֻǣ֮ʸ˫˱չ֮У۱Ҳû˼صҲϰһֱչصĸ
ȻѾǹȥ꣬ڻʸ˫һֱڱչأû֪ʲôǵʥλҲٹʡ
Ȼգ۵նǶȻر࣬ÿ˶о֮Īһѹָ֣оͻȻس֣Ҳüͷվڵ۵һɽңĳһط
ʦ֣ƺдҪ
ڰԱߣǵʥĴӣҲǰʦ֣죡
ʱҲǱ˫֣һƽƬ֮󣬲ǻصҪָΪˡ
ԣҲһ£Ժ˻ʸ˫֣ɫҲǱüΪأʲôͷʦƺҲǶΪ𾴡
һ⣬Ҳǲ֪λشͼͨƶϻʸ˫ܷɣƺڤڤ֮Уһֹڿ̽ʸ˫ݡ
ˡ
Ƭ֮ҲǳĬƬֻ̣Ĳ²⣬Ͼ½֮Уܹöʥ춼޷۲ˣֻǾǵʥʥ
˵䣿
ɫҲǶȻԺ֮ٶһԤԣˡ
δأʦһжᣬҲز̫ࡣɫ䣬Ȼʸ˫ǸȤ֪ʸ˫Ǻܿ¡
ʱĻʸ˫ϵĲȻرüΪǿңһɢ˲ܵǽڣ۵˶ǸܵһֿµȻس֡
ƺָΪ
ڵ۵ĳһһ뷢԰׵Ҳ¶Цؿһۻʸ˫ڵλãƺΪص˵ͷ
һ̣һɫֱ񷣬Ļһֿµۣ˵ʥ֮⣬˶¶֮ɫ
ǿһɫΪʥǿߣظܵһɫ̺Ƕôؿ¡
߰ɣȥʦЩ飬Ҳ֪쵭ؿһɫҲתȥһ£Ҳǽȥ
ɫĳ֣½ҲŲǿ߸ӦõְĲǵֲ֪ԵۣǾ㵡
Ժ֮Уɫ۷ĴʦֶȻؿһ۵ڵķ˫΢Уƺ֪Щʲô
һĮ֮УɳڿХһӰǰţһӡȻÿǰһξ룬ؽӡǱɳڸǡ
ɫĳ֣ҲӦ΢΢̧ͷһű˪ӣȻǷƣ⼸꣬һֱ½˶ûϢ
ʸ˫ʸ˫㵽˭
һԷƵдǵͷԳһЦǰţҪѰһԼļ䣬Ȼ֪ߣʱǾͷ
֮УɫâɢȷǶһλɫâ֮еŮӣ֮еһ㣬˫Ũɫâ׶ɢ
ƣҰɡ
ʸ˫»ָΪյٶ½ųΪ貵ĹâȻͷƵֻô


1990 ̸
ʸ˫⼸ڵʥİ֮£ٶȻָΪʧõΪʸ˫Ц
ڳ۵ʱ򣬱Ѿŵʥ̸ֱӵظߵʥԼ½֮ˣȣ
ʥȻ죬ҲǴһЩϵ֮Լ磬ط˵߶ͬһ
ʥǰ벽۵Ϊʸ˫ҲĿ֪һ½ԤԣԸ֮ʵΪϣʥְָΪڻָΪ֮ʸ˫ŵһȥѰ䡣
ƣܿͻ½˵׷ɱҵǺڴͬɥ֮Ȯܵһģ
ʸ˫ʣ૵ڷƣеĺһֱδˣǸյ½֮ʱԼΪʧͶԷƳˣ
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸ˫ǻȥ̤գŵ۵ĳһȥȻѾǻָΪôԼҲҪ֮ʥʲô䣡
һɽСϪԱߣͰĬزһߵ߱Ŀƺڸղһ½ɫûие̫졣
ô
߻˫ƺ޾ǳڲϵػ˵ϢȻתޱȣϵʧʱ½ǿ֮һʥ
ͰҲ΢΢ݣһ̣һɫâԶԽͬһʺţ˲ȵ˵ʥĶ档
ɫâȻɢȥ¶˻ʸ˫òʱɫĮȻгԼɫâ¶µϢʥ߽ٵΪ
ʸ˫֣Ͱ˫ȻΪʸ˫Ϊ̫ǿˣǿǶ޷ſ֮
ʸ˫վţ΢紵ϵȹ죬ŵʥӣ֮һεһֿĿ𣬼ͰҲǲò˺벽
ʸ̸
Ƭ֮󣬵ʥǻؿڵ֮ε籩Ȼر⿪ʸ˫Ҳ΢΢һЦʥǰĪҵΪ㣬޷վǰ㽻̸ô
һ˵֪便ΪҲָΪʥǳȫ޷оõʱһĺٵߡ
һΪûĻ³ȻҶ˵ԼҲס
ʥȻƽȴһɱ֮⣬Ͼվڵ۵˵ǾԲỶӭʸ˫ֲ֮ͣȻ֪ʸ˫½֮ˣʥѾֻɱˡ
ԤҰѰҵ䣬ȻѰҰ취뿪½Ӵ֮ǸǷʸ˫ص
ʥ̧ͷ˻ʸ˫һ۵Ȼȣǳ½˳ɵۣĻ޷뿪½
ʸ˫ҡͷ÷ڵʥ˿Ǵۣ޷½һЩؽǶ˵ֻҪɸе֣˵ף¾𾳽Ҳܹ㹻İȥʱ֮󣬻ȥá
ʸ˫Ҳŵۣûиߵʥκιɸ飬ΪһԤԵһ䣬ǹɸò
ڿԸʲôˡʥƳһۻʸ˫
ֽзơʸ˫һ¶ͷǰ㷢һĨЦ
ʲô䣿ԣҲʧŻʸ˫üͷܣ㲻˵ɷô
ʸ˫Ƴһ۰ƭѣѾʧȥǰļ䣬ΪǽʧֻŪȻҲʧˡ
ôʥ˫΢Уڼǰ˵ǸŻʸ˫һӣƺҲʥǿߵˣƺԼʧˣ֪ȥ
ʲô֤˵ƾ䣿ƽؿŻʸ˫ͷгԹȴǼٽ֮ȥأ
˵ʸ˫ҲЦгԹ٣ȴû䵽Ҫǵ۳ְҶԸסһ㣬ҸǷƣֻһף
ʥ˻֣ʾ첻Ҫ˵һ˫ҲųâŻʸ˫޷óȷе֤ݣĻ
£ʥһֿµĲ˲סʸ˫Ȼʸ˫ǿȴ޷ŵʥְ벽⣬Ҳûа취ܹӵõǵ۵ĵطܹӵõȥ


1991 ֮
Եʥǿƣʸ˫ûκεĵӣĮȻصʾ֮壬ǸԤ˵ƾҪѰҵˡ
֮壡
ʥڳ˼ͰҲһۣ޷жϻʸ˫˵١
Ƭ֮󣬵ʥǻصȻˣƣ
ʸ˫˵ͷһԸƱҪɱõ۵֪ƵɸôͱüΪˡ
ԣҪʱ䣬˭Ҳ֪ʸ˫Ҳ̾һܹסƣʱֺαػỨĹ½嫣һʧȥӰ˭ܹѰҵõ
죬ܹƶϵóô
ʥ̧ͷԼĴʵ˵춼˵ԣǾû˿Ѱҵõƴʱ䡣
ҿԳһ¡һ£ҲǲûжİգΪǰȥƶϳʸ˫ȴܵĳķɣʱ֣³ҲΪ
£˫һӡʮ˵üΪ£촽΢ƺдʣϿʼظֳâ
ЩâƮǰ۳ΪһţűǲϵŤһĪ
ʱʸ˫ҲһĨ㵣һŹâΪпɽͬӳһ硣
ʦֵ֮ҲԽԽˣʦԺһλ½Ҳû˿ùʦֵƶˡ
ԱԵس޵Ϊʥףиһ˳޲Ǿ֮ƶһ˺¡
ʥһ죬Ҳǲźۼص˵ͷһ֮ǵĳһλȴûܹϰãǰǰڵʥ£ȴżһ֮Ѿѧ
˫ڰ͵ʥĻţʱȫسԼ֮Уһ˲䣬ͬأѸٵ֮ܿܿѰҳһ֮ͬˡ
ȻѰҺܾãû׽κιټ޴ƶϣԼƵһۼѰҲʱ쿴һƬߵɳĮԼؿһӰڷɳ֮ǰ
ĶȻҲǰһŹâ֮ʾʸ˫һӰʱҲͫ׶ȻһϳǾǷƣ

ʧеҲϳӰڷƣϾ뿪ʱ˵һ仰ɵʵ̫ˣ
ʥƵıӰҲ΢΢ؽǱüΪ䣬Ԥ֮˵Ǵˣ
ȻͼһƶϳһӰʱ򣬹ŶȻرͬҲ˲³һѪɫüΪ԰ףˡ
һűըĹƬûоʹʧǻ˵㣬ٵس죡
һ̣еĽȻذγһֳЩƬǴһͳرը
Ƭ֮󣬾ʧƬҲ˾֮Уƿ𣬰ĽҲ¹ʣֻʱɫҲǱ΢԰ף˿˿Ѫ
ôɵ֮ǿͬǶҪˣʥɫһĨ죬֪Ҫƶĳһ£ʱһЩɣȴûмģʥǿ߶ǿ˺õ
ʦˡͽܡغһ£ƽϢǷӿѪƲ½֮ˣΪԶԽңڤڤ֮һֹڱͬҶ޷ӣղųǿ߿ӣȴֹܵķɡ
ʥ˵ͷҲѹ죬ǻ־ǿ߶Էʩչ֮ŲɣĻ»е㼬֡
ղһȷǷƣȴ޷׽λáõǵѪеεصۿžͲһˡ
½ĻĮࣿʸ˫ĬƬ̣ʵ
ʥ̧ͷһĨâ֮Į
ԱߵͰҲһ£һۣƾȻȥ˻֮Į
˫ŸղԼһУ޼ʵĻĮĿڲϵعţȷ֮ͬĮһ㡣
֮ĮʲôطΪǶ¶飿ʸ˫ɻؿ¶ȲɫЩ⡣
ʱɳ֮ߵķͻȻо̧ͷһգղһ˲䣬оƺڿ


1992 ׼
һ޾ĻĮ֮Уͣ˲ղָоԲڤڤ֮У˽ĳԼеһʱõȻǻʸ˫
񣬷ȻҲǲŻʸ˫ԼֻˣԼӣôһǰۣ
⼸֮У½֮ĴߣͼȥѰҿԼָķǽȴʧ߱Ҳû֪ڻָһЩ˻֮Į
֪ԺǷԽϵ⡣
صֻҪ˻֮Įǽ侳ķΧ֮УʱӦȥѰһԺϾԵһĵִУɴڻʸ˫ѡ˽һ
´һô龰أҡҡͷһŻʸ˫棬֮Ͳϵˡ
е׳ԺҲǼǰߣ֮Į·ϾҲһ·ߵͼ
ټķɳٶϮƼѵڷɳ֮ǰУһһǰȥµĽӡҲ𽥵رģٶȱɳס
ʱڵۣʸ˫ŵʥ˶£ƺν׷˾վڵʥʱʱһ䡣
ڻ֮ĮĻĿǽ侳ʥŸղ֮ʾĻ棬ҲһüǷηƽ侳úܼ֡
侳ǸԺƿصĵطôʸ˫һ£Ժ֮ҲǻǰڸҲǺԺǿ
ûԺڵۣһҲòϣСܹɳóΪʥ׵ʱ򣬵۵ʵͻ߳ԺһʥЦԺ͵۲½꣬һֱûиı䣬ڹȥ棬ͷʵʱʱͣжϵݾǸӵеʥǿߡ
ǵҪƣΪʲôҸоԺ뷨ܹоԺܻӭƵһ㡣ʸ˫Լеɻ
ûΪۺԺԡʥ̾һԤԳ֮󣬵۵Ϊ½ЩǿٳƺΪľӶĳȻҲǲ֪ЩǿΪʲôҪ뿪磬ӶԿ½
ԣʸ˫üͷԼز²⵽һ㡣
һΪ½ľԲܹκ˻ĵƣĵǿ߶ڵĳ֣ΪԴֻҪɱˣôһҲ»صԭλ
ԺͬΪȥ£ӦٶܣǴֵʱ򣬾ܹŻ뿪½Ӷصʱ䣡
ʥޱصҲΪʲôһҪѰҵҪɱԭ򣡡
ʸ˫Ĭˣû뵽Ϊռ䱬ըԭ򣬴Ӷ뵽½ȴӡ֤ʮǰǸΪԶµԤԡ
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸ˫ǻصȻԤ£ҲǺ⣬Ҫɱƣƾһ˻
Żʸ˫ĻǰʦֵܣǵʥҲ¶˾㵵ɫ
Ϊʥ۷߽ףϷƻûаôʥüͷȻԷƵΪŹƣû뵽ʸ˫˵ģԾɳϡ
ѵȥһ仰˵ģʧصҪ֪ԴʱĻʸ˫ûаܹսʤԶ뵽ʸ˫ǿ󣬶ǿҲԷûаա
ʲôʥͻȻضŷ˸Ȥˣɵ׷ʵ
뿪ʱҶΪΪеȤ׷һ䣬Ļش˼ЦŵԭΪǿԣ²ˡ
жߣҾжߣ
ðƵ˵Ļµظһ֮͵ʥǳĬˣ仰ĺ԰ڷƵĿ˵ȴ˸оš
˼ҵϣܹŻһ档ʥжȻر貵âˮ׼Ϣһţûʸ˫ľ
죬ͻʸ˫һͬȥһ˻֮ĮĿܽԶԲܹԺЩӴ
Ƭ֮󣬵ʥҲǳһ£ɳȥЭʸ˫һΪ֮ͣټĻ֮ĮѰҷҲźܴİѰҷҲźܴİ
ǣʦ˵ͷҲ¶˼ΪȤɫڷʮǰͱԤԵ䣬ֻһôˡ


1993 Ӧ
ڵʥʾ֮£ͻʸ˫ҲԵ֮гǰ˻֮ĮĿԷƣһһҪƳ׵س
˵뿪Ϊ䣬ǵ֮ڵһЩ϶δ֪һ£ͻʸ˫뿪˵۵Ϣȴ͸ĳЩ;侳ԺһλʦֶС
ԺһƵ¥󣬴ʦпˣһŵȺɽվţЩ˿νԺǿһȺˡ
ȻֹҲС
ʦ֣ôżѵǷʲôôһɫִۣȵЦ
ѻ죬ÿιһ˵ƫƫÿζд·㡣Ƴһӣûص
ʲôʱģǰȥѰʲôôûнһͷϵɫͷЦǺǵصһεѹһܻɫĳǹ
ʦ֣˺òãֻһֱڱչأ֪ѡ̾˿ǰңԺ֮еˣÿڼȷ֮УǲԺκ£ĴʦֽټҲŻ֡
ˣˣ˵ʦֵӣ¾ʲôˡʱһһֱڵ̧ͷЦǺǵصǰһ֧Яĳ
ԺǿһȺˣԺʦ֣޷֮⣬ң޿գɱ죬߸˿νǵԺǿ
ȷ顣
ʦ޷תɫϲŭ߻֮£ˣյϢ뿪˵ۡ
һۣ뿪ҲΪ棬ҵʥǷԸʲôʱ뿪Ҳ֮١
һ뿪ҵģһһ뿪˵ۡƺ룬Ǳǽ͵
ˣĪɰɻصۻʲôҪʥģ
ʸ˫ҵصһ֡
Żʸ˫֣˽һʱ֮ĬˣҲ֪ͻȻֵʥǿߣ˵֮УҳΪ˸ڵʥ֮µǿߡ
Ϊǿʲô飬ҲҪһüͷ̧ͷŴʦֵĪΪȥѰ䣿
䣬ʵֹǵۣԺ⼸棬ҲδѰңֻȴǺͷν䣬һˣһûһ֪
ûҲֻ䣬ܹõʥӡʦֵ˵ͷ¶ֵɫ˵˸оֵǣ˵ķƺǻ֮Į
û֮Į˵ĵһӦǣҪ侳Ͼ侳ֻ֮л֮ĮţֻҪԽ˻֮Įִܹ侳
ҲԣҪ侳Ļֱӽռ䣬ٶȻֱ࣬ӴԽ֮Įܿ뵽ڵĹؼ֮
ûҵĿǵĿ꣬¾ڻ֮Įʦֵ˵ͷ΢Уó֮϶ƶϵһЩʲôӶ֮Įһпܾ˵ڻ֮Į棡
Ǹʸ˫򵥡ŵǰһһּΪƺǱӡһ㣬ӦǵʥæˣҲ˼˵ۡ
ʸ˫ʦֵ̾һǰ۲ǽ˵֮УˬǣһλʥǿҲһ˵ۡ
㲻˵һλʥǿأзƣʦͻȻջ㱨ģо˵һλʥǿߣȴ£ʧܣԼȥˡ
Ҳ֪ôȥˣҲ侳֮ȷûг֣ڵ֮Сҡҡͷ
ԣһϧŷƼԺԺٶܹŵ۳ƽѰ䷽棬Ҳźܴİ
ˣԺлȻҪԺʦֻҡҡͷ˵֮Уɳ˽֮Į֮УܱܲǸѰҵν䣡
Ǿȥɡνʼ磬Ժɳˣ˵۵ˣҲɾһߵ
ȥ
Ҳȥ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷڵ۵ǿߣҲʶһ
ڶʦֻ˻֣Ҳ˲¥֮ʧããĻ֮Į档


1994 ӵĻ֮Į
ƴʱڻĮ֮УĿȥһ޾ķɳ֮£Լ·ߵͼҲʧĮ֮С
Լǲ֪ںδ˵ʸ˫ҪѰҵҪѲ֪ٹ
֮Į̶֣еĹطŵﶼԿƶ֪Լ˻֮Į׶ˣÿ쿴ľзɳнߵɳĮ
ģķɳôԽԽˣȥϷһɳʴʯ֮Уüͷ治ϿХķɳҲǷࡣ
ڵôһʯڻ֮Į֮дɼΪɳԵʣپʯڳ֮£Ǳʴһգγһһʯ
Ȼ˵ԷƵʣȫ޾Щɳֱ۾ǰߵĸоɲϲԺܶʱֱӵѡĳһʯصȴŷɳ󣬲żǰ
һΣ֪ΪΣһɳ˺ܾãûֹͣһصƣƵò֮£ֻǼصȴš
ڴͬʱʸ˫ͬҲǽ˻֮ĮҲЩ񱩵ķɳ޷ǰҲֻͣ
һߵķɳʸ˫üͷ죬ûа취ƲóǻжԶ
쿴һۻʸ˫ио֣Ϊʸ˫ֳɫԼٶǣǸҪɱƣһһֱ벻ͨġ
֮ĮǴڷ籩֮У춼Ƿɳʩչ֮ҲܵһӰ죬ڵķλҲ޷жϡҡҡͷ
Щɳã뵽ƴʱԼԶʸ˫еɱѹֲסҪسƣ
Ǻܺãûв´ĻЩɳٳʱʼεص
ţĪЩͻȻķɳʲôʸ˫üͷ˵Ļƺ̺һЩ˼
Ϊ֮Į֮ǳֳʱ伫ķ籩ͻпһЩ˯ڻĮ֮µ¶
ѵ֮Įʲôɣʸ˫Цô֮Įϡ٣ô·ʲôڡ
ʵ½ǲǵһ½ˡͷ֪۵һЩؾŲʥ׵ǿĪس֣Ȼնʧ˻֮Į֮С
˵֮Įſ뿪½ķʸ˫΢УҲ뵽ܣһ
ȻǡЦŵ˵Ļô½ͱˣΪ֮Į½Ľ֮ء
˼ǣֻҪܹ½ĽƳܹ뿪ʸ˫˸žâ
Ȱ㻹ǲҪͷƳһۻʸ˫ɫȻҲǲ²⵽ʲôЩԵˣˡ
˵ʸ˫ͫ׽ˣ
쿴ķɳǵģˣܹס½ĽƣʥǿܹͻƣǳƽƵʱȴ˷ɣֱӵرƵˣ
ʦ־磬Ҳûаôʸ˫˫½ڽƣһ㲻٣Ȼȫ֪½Ĵڡ
ʦ˵ҪЩƣûش۾ǾֻǱеĽɡʼ
½ٳ֮󣬾ûĴ۳ôʸ˫Ĭһ£Ȼû˵̫ףҲܹ֪ЩƾԲʥǿ߿մȾģǰЩ˾ӣ
ûС
̾һȻҲ֪½˶ʱ䣬Ǹݵ۵ļأȴ˵½Ǽλ֮⣬޴۵ĳ֣һûУ
ʸ˫ĬǾͬһش˿Գɹ۾Ҳûгֹۡ
ÿһ£ͻһͬ񱩵ķɳڷɳʧ֮󣬾ͻһЩռУͨһЩ˼ĵطһĨ΢Ц
Ҫ֪½棬ʱҲߣۺԺֻһЩǿȴǽ˻֮ĮһЩУӶԶڻ֮Į棡
˼ǣɳ󣬾ܹЩϵǿµĴ¶
УҲûСҡͷЦÿ
ȻʱķɳѾǸȻ


1995 ʥż
ڷɳֹͣһ̣Ѿ߳ʯǰֵһĻȴҲһ¡
һԼĪһ˸ߵĿռв֪Ǻʱ𣬳˻Į֮УƱ˫ܵĿռ֮Ϊȶƺʱʧ
ɻؿǰֵĿռУȻ֪ռͨԴӿռĲжϳռڻƺʱơ
ڴͬһʱ䣬ԺҲ̤˻֮ĮҵǲûһɳŷһǣҲ˿ռС
ǲ̫һ㣬Щռдͨĳһʥż֮Įովһɳ¿ռ䷢һЩ仯γһڡ
üͷԺ˵İڻ֮ĮǸΪңԶЩһ½һЩǿߣûѡԺߵۣڴ޽ʱ֮ĮԼĹĹǼΪʥż
¹ȥˣһЩʥż֣ҲвߴлһЩʥĴУǸǣ˳׵棬Ҳ޷Ҳǻ֮ĮϡٵԵʣΪ֮Į½Ƶ֮أԺǵۣǽµĵӽ֮ĮѰҹʥż
һεĹʥżһǳ˶ٸڣЦŵ
ǸԺļأÿһιʥż֮ЩռάֵʱԼǰʱطֲڻ֮Į֮ڣٵһͬʱ֣ǰ˸Ƭ̵
Ǹڻ֮ĮĻ᲻ڵȴŹʥżĳ֣Ӷ棿Լ˵˳
ô˵Ҷһ£Ҳж󣬹ǸԤԣ½֮Ȼ˵˽ֻ֪ҪһΪͿԽӴЩ֪Ժ͵۶ѰĻ֮ĮȴʥżҲǲǲܡ
ǲ²Ļʥż棬Ҫһʱܹȴһοռг֣ǲǿԴгûн룬ҵ۵ҲûнĻǾǴһλᡣ侲
ȷˡüͷȻʱǰֵĿռж΢΢˸һ£Ȼ˶סˡ
ղſռּǴţڻ֮Įռн˹ʥż
֮ĮƽʱԺ͵ĵӶ룬ʱ֮ĮӦûˣҪôȥˣҪô컹Ǹʸ˫ȥˡ
ɫǱأ𽥵˿ռУ˵ҪĵľǣҲǽ˿ռ֮У
˵ûƵȷǽ˿ռ֮Уǿ˵Ҫȥģǵ˿ռУһ춯ûӦռ֮бǲһֱӵؽ˶Ǵ˿ռ֮С
Էƽ˿ռ֮Уڻ֮ĮطֵĿռж˸һ£ٶȴΪؼӿ죬ʱпҪʧһ㡣
һȴĻͻʸ˫ΪǰͬҲǳһռУǵ۵ĴӣЩͬҲʮֵͻʸ˫ǲɲûнռ֮С
Ǹղſռг˽ļ󣬵ԽûóȻ˶ۣü˼ʥżĲǷƣôһξɱƵжνʧˡ
㲻ó֮ôܲٴƶϷƴʱλãʸ˫ɱƵһֱδ仹ǶԷ֮еɸ
ԣҡҡͷЦ֮޷ƶϳڷƵļһεƶֻӰͱĳǿжϣϳ˷ƵıӰ˭Ҳ֪ƻ֮Į
ƽЩжĿԡʸ˫вʣҲûκΰ취ֻǿƶϲ²⡣
һ롣΢˫ǰԽĿռе֮ĮͷУҲһ֮أǻԼµӲ׼֮ĮղŵĲʾ˽ȥˣ˷ƣʵ벻ˡ
ȻˣǾһʸ˫ҲȻܴȻǲܷŹҲǵ˵ͷŻʸ˫̤˿ռ֮С
ʧ֮Ҳһ£ӿռеĲƺ˽ż֮УԵҲǶ϶һȥˣ
ܿ죬Ҳ̤˿ռУʧ˻֮ĮǵĽ룬֮ĮĿռҲһ˲ʧͬδֹһ㡣


1996 ٶ
һĵ֮УͻȻؿռ䷺һϸ΢زֲԽԽǿңǼһɢ貹âĿռбѸٳ֣һӰ͵ش
ӰȻǷƣڻعѾǷԼôһİĵطҲɵһ㶣̧ͷǿռѾʧ
ʲôطƲɵĴԼ֮ǰ淢ҪѰҳֲԴȴ޴֡
ڷƵ֮Χ߶Ȼһ÷ٶΪ֮һ㶣¶˽䱸ɫ
һصĵãΧʯ֮϶Ƕȭͷҹ飬ɢ͵Ĺâһ˹ȻȲߣȴҲ㹻ˡ
ڵȴƬ֮󣬸оûκζҲһЩǽ֮ϻɨӶһЩֵؿ̻ƺ˵ʲôΪ֪Ĺ
ЩȻҲϤתһȦҲûκηֻ֣һ򵥵صãֻżصĵ·֪ͨηҲûг嶯ǰȥ̽
ڷľ£ѰҳԼ춯ĵʲôڶܹ뿪ط
Ȼ˼ʱڵõ룬ռٶǻŤҲֹһ
ĪɻҲǽüͷһֲĸо±ǽżŵ棬˱ˣſռ֮һľ롣
ͣ
ռٶȳͣ󣬱Ӱһǰһس˴֮УƿӰʱɫҲǱ
Ϊһ˾ǻʸ˫
΢˫û뵽ôٶŻʸ˫ֻԶڵ۵ôΪλڻ֮Į
ʱ򣬷ͻȻǰ죬Լ类˿ӵĸоؽʸ˫ڻ֮Įϵɫ𽥵ر䡣
Īǳ
ѸٵѰ˼ţ׽òʸ˫ԼʲôˣԼָܹ䣬Ļᣬ֮顣
ƺоĿ⣬ʸ˫Ȼһ£ɫɱԱߵоʸ˫ı仯ɵüͷʣô
ǲûв´ʸ˫˵һĨЦ建תŷһ𣬺촽ŵƣּˡ
ԣʱһתҲǿ˴ķƣһۻʸ˫ɵص䣿
ûǷơʸ˫ЦЦ֮͸¶ĪЦ⣬ҲҪѰҵ䡣
ƾվԭأ˵Ľ̸Ϊ䣬Żʸ˫֮УȻû뵽Ȼô죬Ҳҡҡͷʸ˫ӦÿԸһЩˣ㲢ҵӣ
ŷô˵ʸ˫ɫҲǱ֮࣬Ϊһ£ԼΪʧôίѳԼǷƵӣǴ֮УöΪ֮Ц
ûҵȷǡʸ˫ЦŵҵΪĪʧҲίȫһжˣֻҪˣǾû֪£
ʸ˫£̧֣һɫâֱӵضŷƱȥΪѸ٣춼ûзӦʸ˫Ѿ֣
һӭɫâͫ׽Ժ֮ܣȴʶ˷ӦֱӵһȭӳɫâԺ˹ȥ
һ죬Ƶ嵹˼ɫâҲѸٵڰ֮УһĻʸ˫ɫҲǱ
ô£ԭأղų֣⣬ͺıܣƴʱȻǲ֪սʶڷãȻʱʧȥսʶɻڡ
ˣ
ͻȻʱ򣬵֮бٶһֿռ䲨ͫһĪǻ˽ѵǡ
ȻӰ½֣õž˲֪õĵٶȱеȻ쿴˵òҲǰ̾һȻǡ
Ժǿߣң
ףⲻǵ۵ôôҲڻ֮Įˣɰ죬Ƕ϶ԼжȷҲЦ
Ȼɨӹܵʱ򣬿ķƣҲһ£¶һ˹һ飬ʧؽ
ƣôҲ


1997 
ƿɫҲǸһĨŹ֮ɫôһǳˣĪطʲô˲֮أȻͷ֪һн
ɰ룬ֳ֮£ʵ벻Ļ̸Ϊ졣
ףǽˣ
еɫһ£֤Ÿղƺ˳ֹҲǺͷԣ֪ʲô¡
ǰɡʼȻսԼǲ֪ô£ʸ˫ĹȻ͵Ϯȴûиһֳϵĸо֮Լ֡
ǲǷ޵ôôᶯ֣źɵɫɨӹʸ˫ͷϣֻʸ˫ɫĮȻƺ仰Уͬط͸¶һƽ
ҵӡƻҡҡͷ
ԣһ£ӺԣƵص˵˵۵ĸΪǵǷ޸ɢ˰ɣ
ݵǵۣ
ʦܣˡ
ôͳеĽ޷֮ˣ
ͬһʱ䣬ҶǴЦ෴ʱǺŭɫָŭȻƤƤ񣬺ȫ޶ԣص˵ǵ۵¡
ĻȻǷƣҲòʧЦ΢΢ԺȵۺöˣԼĸоһ֮ˡ
˵Ҿɱ㣡
Ů֮һĻʸ˫ɫǿصγˮˣһɱض𽥵۳ɫâһ¿ν˵һ֮һͬԵڷպָ䣬ȻǻЦϣ
ʸ˫һ̤˶ɫâ֮УɱڣضһɫâۣΪΣա
Żʸ˫ٶϵЦҲǻЦݣŻʸ˫ϵƣԲ֮κһ˿ɿģ̫ǿˡ
Ժȷĳֹϵˡؿһۻʸ˫ԷȻǿԼһȴˣҲ޾塣
ԱߣŴʱ˿̵Ļʸ˫嶼ɫâ֮УԼż֮еһͬǳɫâ֮еŮӰغϡ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ʋɵõ̾һΪ֣ʸ˫Լ֮һģɫӰһӰԼֵģԼȴǻȻ֪ν̫޴ˡ
ӣҿ˾Ͳ࡭е૵̧ͷŻʸ˫ɫ𽥵ر䣬Ȼûȫػָ䣬ǼȻжʸ˫Լ֮࣬ҶԷǶԼɱ⣬ȻҲٹ˼ɡ
ǰĽ֣һֱųɣԲδȫȻֱһ̣еǾһγ֣Բκ飡
뵽һ㣬ԼһԺ֮ƺһЩ䣬ϸ룬ȴȴʲôֻƺһ㡣
ǵ֮£ԺҪô
ʱ쿴սţվˣǵʱ̣Ժ⼸˶֣ҲԼĲ룬ģӦûǲ֪ƾ飬һ㣬Լȶ֣ĻݱΪԺ͵۵Ľս
Ʋǵ֮ˣȴҪԸʶۣȻͻ̧֡ͷЦصͬҲԼС̡
˳¾ΪѰ䣬Ȼ֪νģȻ£ΪһΪ顣
ⲢԺķ񡣡ɫȥֱڵңȻлʸ˫ǿڣǶˣȻһƾе
Ȼһ̣ȴɫ׵ر࣬ΪֱӵѯʷΪλǶ
ƣôͺ͵۵˶ˣҼǵ㲻Ǻսӡ
Դŷƣеɻصǲһ˳ֵģ˶ڵ˵ΪҪ
Ŷ˵ʲô䣬һͶˡʼϣ֪ʲô䣿
䣡
ֵ𣬾Ȼõõ֮гƬ̵İԺһһۣǷ˻ĵЦݣν͵ȫѹ
ǵ˵䣡΢΢һĨȣŷЦŵͬʱңλǿ߽̤ǰһͷųơ
Ƶ˵ͷüͷ䵽ΪΪεۺԺ˵⡣


1998 
֮УնȻرý˫Ѿ޷ηƾ飬Ҳʾʸ˫衣
죬ǵ۹ȻαЦеؿ죬ǹȻһֱѰ䣬ȻеϣƾҪѰҵ䡣
Ժ˼Ҫ֣ɫصڵҪ䲻ô½᲻ð
֪ʡһۣɵ¶ζЦݣԺǲǵС
²ϧԺ͵۵ĴսôսȭͷԷҪϧһУҲҪȡ֡
飬ۺԺһս
෴˲ûκξɫȻڵۺԺĿƽ£ǰȴǶϣǵۣԺű˴˵ʵ
Ժ͵۱һս׼ȷ˵ǵʥʥһս˭Ӯˣ˭Ϳӵ½
ôϻɱ˷ƣʲôˣʸ˫ɫǳÿһֱضŷƣҧгݵصֻҪһôһҲͽˣ
ҲԣֻҪ䲻ڣôȻҲûκηˣҲǵ˵ͷɫ˲٣иһ貵Ĺâͬâ㣬Ƭ֮һҲǳС
ǳߣ
е֮ɫҲǸһĨأҲغһĳȻرڿз£صУâ貣Ȼһ˲õı
۵ľ罣Ȼ鴫΢УڵϢڲϵضţʸ˫ɨӹԺˣɫû˿ı仯˭ҲֹԼҪɱ֮ģ
ƱøΪ£˭ڵȴŶԷ¶ȻʱһȴǴƽ⣬ƻǰɨӶڻʸ˫϶һ¡
ȻҲ֪ΪƵɫޱȵƽϣȴǻرǵΪô
һ̣Ƶף͵˵ͷ֮Уȴ˻ʸ˫û֮⣬죬ˣǲغ֣һ˲䣬һֿµԷƵ֮ǲòá
¶𾪵ɫŷƣȴǼٵѰ˼ղŵһ˲䣬ڲûκȴһ޷ƥеĸоָоͬԼʦһ㣬߸޷Խ
ô£ûаȴµƣʵһѰζļһһοƳ֣Ҳɫ
ܹΪ䣬Ȼ鴫
ƴʱм䣬ֱʱǼǵã˿Ժ͵ۣԼ˵㡣
Ȼˣ
Ƭ֮컺վеߺŶ󱬷貵âǼ䣬ʱתΧľɫһģƬ֮󣬷ȴǷ֣ѾһƬǿ֮ء
Χ貵ĵǳͬǺǳ֮еһҶۣȻʱӰѾȻƬǿ֮أǼžޱȡ
۵ĴǳߣǿݻһƬǿ֮أ١ɨӶܿǷǿ֮صĲһط
˵һƬǿ֮Ǵһ˵˽һͬþĵطڸղŴǳ߱âһ𣬷Ƶ˶ǽֻþ֮С
ͨĻþһǳĿеظܵⲢʵĵطǳű컹ҪΪǸ޷뿪˵ء
Ⱥ֮Уǿģֻлʸ˫ѣԺ˵˵Ϊûǿڷƣ֮һΪԷû˿ȴһֿµơ
ǳһ£޾ǳ֮ʱ־о
ټǿ֮أϵػ˲ϵػӣҪѰҳĲ֮Ǹͽ޹ƺ˶Ƭǿ֮أ޷׽
Ǽ֮Ƭǿ֮صǳǶȻһּΪµٶȴԶƣҪӲسߣҪԺ˶Ҫĥڴ˵ء
¿ǧǳֽĳͿ˲ڣ˵ǿҲ޷ǿùƬ죬ǹ֮٣


1999 ѣսһ
еĴǳߣտΪ벽ǿһǿΨϰ֮˲ſʹѴǳߡ
Ȼֹǿ֮أеȷظоһֻþΪûߣǸ޷ֻþֻǻرǧǳ֮кľ
˿ΧǾֹǳǶɫҲǱǵΪûߣֵĻ˵Գƻþ֮ء
ˣ
еľ糤Ȼ˵оǷս⣬ӭǧǳƺУ㲻ʲô
ҲǸһĨЦݣеȲϵҡţҡеҲǲϵâΧҲ˲ЩŤ
۵Ĵʦ֣ҵһֱʶһ£ɫüΪ˷ܣеĻɫǹʱǱɫâͬһĻһ㣬ǧǳЦ
ʸ˫ɫ䣬ƺǧγɸβκγȷֻҪ룬һƽһУûҪϾһеҪĿνǷƣ
ʸ˫ڷƵϣֶԷҲ˿ɵеɱɵŨʱʸ˫֣ܶΪһ֣ǿɫǽһƬǿֱ֮ӵرԼҲñȴ
ƾؿţڻʸ˫ǳɱȫᣬɨӶΧǧǳη壬룬ǷҪ֣
Ժǿ¶ɫҲѹסҪֵͷԺ˳һ£ҲԼֶ֪ж
ǧǳƬǿ֮أǳſµһ̣һҫƬ֮绯һһ㣬ϣΪƵ
Ȼ⣡
ϵػеľ罣һһͬ㲨׳ĽâеĻɫǹҲ˲ǹӰ˸һɫ𣬶ǧǳȥǹӰ֮ռ価
ڵĵطȴǶȻظֵâЩâţ飬֮еÿҡһ£޾â֣Щâ˽â֮У˻ɫǹӰʱõøΪ񱩣
䣡
ƵĽâնסµǧǳһĻɫӰ֮â죬ҪγɶǷޣ
ԺֵһȻֲ˹ǿ֮ضΪ֮һǳµǧǳƺƵĽâ֮б𣬷ѤĹâ
ɫ֮ǳǱһŻ򣬲ϵطգֱΪޣ֮Ȼ赲סǧǳ¡
һĻǷҲǲɵ¶Ժ˹Ŀ࿴Ȼ˵ĸΪȲ죬ĹȴศɣͲ֪ǷܹӦ
䡭
ıըϵǳڻ𣬺ƵĽںɨɫӰȻԽãԺ˵ɫǱѿ
ΪȥƱĶˣҪԴԴϵعڵҲһ־޴ģ컹ܹȥô˵³е㲻ˡ
Ȼϣ״˰ʱ֮ǧǳ֮һ㣬ϵظ֣ǸԵĹһ𣬷Ѥıգ̻ͬ㡣
İǣ
ǿ֮أȻظֳΧƺŸǳ£ƱղŸΪƵ
ǿ֮أҿǳȻǿ֧Ŷã
ޱȵϣȥͬƬǿ֮صһ㣬޷ӣ֮Ժ˵ɫȻرò԰ΪŸǳ£һĸо
ιƣ㲻ôʱ̧ͷŷƿЦ㲻ôĿҾ군ɣ
ƿЦݣҲ΢΢ЦһΪ㲻Ҫأ
ʲôЦϽְɣСүҿҪŲסˡģشеƺҪŲסһ㣬ͬĶҲҡͷЦѡ
ȴǶˣȻ˳ŲסԼҲóˣҲܹ͸ΪԼҲη塣
˵һöл㡣ƿһۻʸ˫õһЦһĨЦݣ֮жȻرһֿµϢ
սһ


2000 ս
ŷƵ£ƺƬǿ֮ضӿֳһĪһ̣ǲµǧǳͬͣһ㣬Ȼؾֹ
־ֻάƬ̣һ벻ȴƿƬǿ֮صز׽ղһ˲䣬һƶȻԷƵ֮и֣ͬǸо־壡
ô£
Ȼ첢û¶ΣǸղһ˲ͣ٣ȴһֲĸоѾǲ׽Լڵλá
ԲܣûκĲ޷ƿǿ֮أаʱǧǳȴٶȵЯ޿ƥеƺȻ£
Ⱥ䣬εȵغ嫣һһǰȥÿһ£Ƭǿ֮ضΪ֮Ϣޱȵһֵֺĸо
ʱƵ󣬿ıӰͻȻһĪĸоԺʦֻҪǿĴ
ս⣡µǧǳͬһǿÿһ£֮ϯսȴǶȻǿֱЩµǳ
ģôܣû֣ƾƾܹЩǳ¶֮⣬ղųſЩǳȻ֪þЩǳ카֮ϵǳ֮ݻɣǳһģһ
Ҫǳ赭дģΨд˵֮еĹ֮۲ſԣָգǳһ֮䡣
Ȼƴʱ֮ȴԾûκ־˵ƾܹһ㣬ν˴۾
ʸ˫վԭأŷƵıӰҲǸ̾һʧȥͬʱǽӡսһȴûбȴ˵ǽΪһֱܣǰƻûжս⣬ǰĽ֣ȴ÷Ƴɹػսһļ䡣
֪ΪΣʸ˫һĪĲʧ䣬ڷƲǻ¡
Ȼʱкɱ˷ƣȴûа취ƶһ£ΪΪҪ߳һֻҪһǿ֮صĻþͻֱӵرܶ
Ƴһۻʸ˫ûгֵ˼Ҳǲᣬֱӵؿ綯ϵǰ߶ȥͬҪǿ֮صѰλá
嫵ǧǳ£һĻ棬ϵսȴǲѣµƳϾսһҳս죬ξЩ鹹ǧǳ
һһ̥ŷǰıӰ૵ص֪ΪΣΪսӰ죬ѪҺȻ𽥵ؿʼڣų˷ܵâ
һ̣︡һǰδеս⣬ڿս
Ǹܵڵı仯ôΪ˷ܶ΢˻ƣ嶼ǲѹֵеľʥҲڲ
ÿµս⣬ȻǶԱӰ죡ɫҲǱó죬ٶеĻɫͳصȻ֪ƾʲôƾһƣܹΨдʦֺ͵ʥˣ
ǰص૵еȲͣҡţӹһһâȻһ̼ƽʱ侲ҲѹֲסΪս⡣
ȻսǾսʲôǳǧ
Цеľ糤˲һǰΪĽǳͬƵƺӣϲϯϣ
ǺɫüΪ£ƤǱó죬ͬŻһ㣬ͳŭһеĻɫņ̀ߣϣϵػǧϰ£һһɫǹӰڸ֣ͬһ죡
еҲ͵ػصâһƵ֮Уͬӿ֮еǧɳ˸øƻ
ڷƵսӰ֮£Ҳѹֲסеս⣬Ǵ˱ǿһ
ƵĽƬǿ֮أĻɫǹӰ˸ŸղŲһһΣȻֱӵǳƲ
ڰƿƬǿ֮ص죬һĻиǾȫ֪ʲô飬ȻȻ˱ǰδеĹֻҪǿ֮ػڣЩǳǿԴԴϵ
ȴǺ˷ƣʱķƻǧǳ֮Уս֮䣬ûһǳ壬Ǳսֱӵ
ҲʱˡĳһƶȻͣٶ£΢΢


2001 һ
ƵĶͣһ̣ʸ˫ɫǶȻһ䣬ŷƵľٶĪǷѾѰڵλã
ʱҲע⵽˷ֵλãҲǲɵһȻûκεĶȴǶˡ
ƻһָָ貵ĹâȻ΢Сȴһ޷ֱӵĸоʶر˫һбһֲĸо
ˣЦսһò磬ͬԼıһ㣬ȻԼ޷κǵƾսһӣ
ָͬصݺݵĳһĿռ䣬ϵſռӶҵĿռ䲨һһѪ޵Ŀռ֮֡
󣬿ռ䲻ϵŤһȦһȦӶһӰǱ֮иֶӴžɫŷƣͬħһ㡣
ôܣɫüΪ԰ףղһָȻԼûϵĴϣȴǸ˳һְս˲ԼԺ֮УԼӽ
ǿᵽƿǿ֮أԤ֮Уȴû뵽ǿᣬһָһָԳľƽ
屻¶ΧǧǳǶȻȻһ֮䣬ǶȻس׵
һƬ嫵ǿ֮𽥵ؿʼΧŤЩһſɢŹâľ޴ǳǲ֪֮бǱ
ˣ
һ΢ΧؿռŤ£ǿʼѣ˲Ϣ֮˱Ƿ֣ԼٶȻص˵֮УͬղһУζѡ
ˣԵһۣ˸е𺳣֪ͷβƶûжһƵƾ־ƽǿ֮ء
ҵ谡ȫһ̥૵ص֮¶ŵɫȴǸӴһҪԺһǿ߰
ҺʱҲǲһԺǾԺһʧͻʸ˫ǿɲΪ˻·ƣοֲӲܡ
һ۱ЦȻȷǷԤ֮е䣬ڿȥѾǺͷƽ˳ԹǾԲվڵһ䣬ǵڡ
һ뵽۾ȻǵһǿȼǿߣоǰˬѣҪ֪ȥʸ˫½ܹ֮ľֻеʥԺĴʦˣȻһЩϹ⣬ϾΪͷûеǾԲܵġ
ֱʱƻصͷŵڵϴϢ죬һĨζػȣЦɷ
˵ĶﲢĶǶһףɫøǲ԰ף̲סһѪ
ɫԼΪ۵Ĵʦ֣Ȼ½֮ϲǿȴҲָһǿߣƣԷȴһָͷԼ˵һ޴Ĵ
ɫңƳһҡҡͷˣպɳȻܹвԼȻԼ޷ɱǾͻ־ܴ
ҲǷΪβֱӵƽǿ֮أѡΪΪķʽҪһӶԼӰ֮£
ȻͻȻüͷ΢΢ҡһ£˱ƿ˰ߡ
䣡
һ貵ɫâӿղվڵĵط˵棬ѵʯ齦䵽ϣȴ޶ԡ
ɫâɢʸ˫¶ŷΪ΢Цӣúģ
Իʸ˫˽⣬Ȼ֪һе̣ҪɱҪпᣬֱӴݻٶԷĵģһӶǻӰ֮¡
ҪɱңܵǸۡƻҡҡͷɫȴǱʸ˫ɲһˣʮҪΣգǶԷ˽ԼԼȴǶԻʸ˫һ֪
Ȼʸ˫ȴûż֣ؿ죬ŭȵݻĵģ㻹γԽʦֱһЦõ۴ʦ֣Ȼ˲һô
ԭɫң¶˾ɫʸ˫ŭǲһĸ֣ɫȻرͫ׾ȻٶȻɡ
һĻҲʼ磬ԼûгɹóѣҲӰ


2002 µ
ƾվţٶȻâҲϧõ۵ĴʦֶǸϵˣ˵Ļõ۵˶Ǹе𾪡
˴ʱҲƽ˹Ѹ˸Ƶߣ̬ԣվڷһߣȻǵۣҲ⡣
컺վֻǰʾƮݵϢѾһɨգȡ֮һƽµݡ
䣬ҳǿջһ
ƽؿ£˵˵һƽһ㡣
Ʋ÷ҡҡͷЦҲ֪ʲôģƾ㣿ָŻʸ˫
Ըһˣӡ첢ûΪƵĻҡǻʸ˫Ҳ޷֪ʸ˫ʵΪжôؿ£ţԸһˣѾ㹻ˡ
ιι죬˵Ϲ˵͸ôʱˣ̫ɺˣȻˡ
ԺҪ־ôüͷˡ
ǲ䣬ǲ֪ʶķƣǵҪԸ»ÿԺǲЦеصֱӵؽưԺ֮ϣڡ
ҲЦЦò˵ܻˣʱͦҲ˽ཻĹϵǰԺͷ˳ȻϣʱԼԺһˡ
Ȼ˼Ҷʢ飬Ҳǲȴ·Ҳ¶ɵЦݣ˻ʸ˫Ȼһɱҡ
ŷƵĻ첻ɵ¶һĨĵɫûԺ˳֣յķƱɣΪһʸ˫÷ͷ۲ѣټԼû˿Ļᡣ
Ҫǿгֻ֣Σʸ˫ɫ䣬ȻͬΪʥǿߣ֮ʥףǽŵʥȲǿڣԺˡ
ʸ˫϶Ȼͷų貵ɫâ˶ҫͬһŮ˿մȾϢ˵־Ͷ֣ûи˿Ļᣬָ֮䣬ɫâơ
۶֪ΪΣʸ˫оڽ½֮󣬶ڵΪΪز磬Զ緢ӳΪµ
ˣƴʱͲǰǸƣֻսһĽһбȴȻ˫Ҳûã֮£ʸ˫ԲһλȥĻᡣ
ʸ˫жֵļ󣬲ǷɫأԺҲǸ¶˽䱸ɫվڷƵԱߣŻʸ˫
ԺǿߣҲ˺ǣպʥʸ˫ѾȻسɫâĮؿ˵
ǵѡȻԺѡ޾ԺͲһʡٺٵЦӣƺ˿ûаѻʸ˫С
Ȼһ̣ȴǰҸ£˾Ա߿ſˡ
ԣɫ΢ŵףȻҲ֪Ϊжߣǻʸ˫ҵĸоȴ޵ؽӽ˴ʦһ־磬㡭
İɣɰաҡҡͷЦֱŻʸ˫֮û˿á
ʸ˫ûжķϻָһһƵɫâƿձת۱˷ƵǰÿһɫâǳſµܣͬҪռ䶼һ㡣
˿µĹͫ׽ʶ̧ȭͷݺݵسǱɫâݺݵغ˹ȥ
Цľٶʸ˫ɵЦɫâǷȭƿԵֵˣ
Ȼһ̣һĻȴ˶Ϊ֮ȣһƿÿռ䶼Ϊ֮ɫâڼ˷֮ʱȴǷ˹顣
ֻɫûκα绤һʵâȴǾؽЩɫâ£ȻЩжôؿ£ȴ˺ơ
ô£ʸ˫׶ȻؽһĻôܻᷢ˵ɫâȻķҲȻӲ⵽׷ʲô飿
áǿĿɿڴؿŷƣ֮оǲ֮ģǸղŵһɫǣ¶ܲȥһش³ȴû뵽ûһָͷЩɫâǾ֮⡣


2003 췣֮
ƿԼЩɫâԼһ£ղŲǲûȥʶ˷Ӧ
ʸ˫ɫüΪ࣬ɫâһƣɢµĲһöžǸֳ֮УһǿϢȻؽ֮С
񾵣
ʶؾгŻʸ˫еһöɢɫâĹžҲԺ֮Լ໭棬һЩļƬͬˮŷԺӿ֡
˿Żʸ˫гֵһöžӽǾ֮ɫĲǣҲǸеһļ£Դļ¡
ǾԲʥϵЦݻ̶£еľ罣һöž֮ҲǿʼѣΪ罣ĳߣǿԸоͬеľ罣Ǵһֳζ
Ҫ֪罣ʥʥǳĪǵ۱뵽۱ɫǳ𺳣Ҫ֪½ӵеĵ۱Ҳָҽǰʹģȴû뵽ڻʸ˫Уһ۱
߻ɨӶɫâŨ貵âžǻһȵգ޷ֱӣֻǴŵɨһۣҪתߣȻ˫۶ǻᱻȵɫâˡ
ǵ۱£񾵵ĳ֮ļƬʱʱ֣һЩҲ𽥵¸Ժ֮УӡȻҲǱ
ǵ۱
ɲǵ۱ʲôʥԲɢֿµĲȻһ̣뵽ʲô˵ɫͬʵͫ׽૵صááɣ

ĸصڳ˵ͷ֮У˵ɫüΪ𺳣Ҳǲ⣬ʸ˫еľȻ
½֮ϣȴ˿ٴ½һǿߣǧعȥ֮𽥵ؽһЩ䲢Ǵǿ
Ժ͵ͷһЩ϶żأңԶĹȥƬ֮ϣ۱ߣʥͶ߹Ǻ½㣬ǿǵʥʥˡ
һЩ֮нǻڴ֮ϣŸΪµľ磬
Ȼ磬½Ѿ𽥱ǽշ𣬾ûа취ЩΪ֪顣
֮ϵĴڣ𣡶ЩʹõıͳΪǿԶʤڵ۱Ŀ±
ʱ˿̣ʸ˫񾵣˷ƣһĨ΢ЦĻȣɭȻصΪɱ㣿
ȫ˳ĬֳĻʸ˫˵ɱˣͬҲһͬǰûʲô赲ˣ
Ҳסʸ˫һֵ̫ˣȻֱӵó¾Ҳûа취⡣
ǣƴʱɫȴ𽥵رƽû˿Ĳƺ񾵵ĳ֣첻ʲôӰ졣
ǿô
΢΢ƣ˻ʸ˫ȻصȻһûȫָ䣬֪ƺ仹һеҲ޷⣡
ԣҲסˣ绹ʲôԿЩȥܹһ㣡
ƣں˵ʲôƫͷһɻؿŷƣȻȴ֣ƵɫһζЦݣ˻ʸ˫ϣԷ𽥱ɫɵһĪǷ˵ģ
һ̣һǻط֮дݶȥΧĿռ䶼һ˲ŤһЩϸ΢졣
ž
Щĳ֣˵߶˷ƵУǶ֪ڵӵʲôȻǲ塣

һϸ΢貵͵ƾճ֣ڷƵ֮УȻһ˿ĳ֣һֿ֮㣬ǳŻǻظ֡
һĻ˸¶ͬ˹һɫ岻رˣŷ˾룬ӳ𺳣п־塭
췣֮
ٶȸһĨãڿνĿˣԤ֮е䣬Ȼ췣֮⡭Լǲ֪˵ʲô
㻹һЩһƵâĸ֣ʸ˫ɫҲǱüΪȻƵ췣֮жôؿֲǼΪ


2004 
ͣе񾵿˲ٶ췣֮
̧ͷ΢Ц͵һգһΪĵâ˸ظֶ֣ʱ˻죬ɵ֮ɫؿŷеĵâ
ûв־췣Ͼÿһ֮ˣն췣ʥǿߣνǶ췣֮ΪʹޣٴͻƵʱЩ췣ĥ
ģһǵһο˾Ȼ췣֮ʧ૵½ôãʼնδ˵˿췣֮
췣֮żµĻΪµû֮һȻȴһգ̫˼ˡ
˿ЦѣƹֲԤ֮е䣬Ȳ˼鶼ܹϣôʲôġ
͡âϵ˸͵Ĵ̶е췣֮ȻرǣڳֻǸоǰһöһ˿׻
Ƭ̹˲ǻ˫ȴǿ˷ƵѾǶһȫâ۶ɵĳͨɫϵͬϸ߰׻ĴΧĿռ䶼ǻŤ
ػ£е췣֮γɵĳһϤĸоĳڴԼֻںͻʸ˫ս֮вܹٶȻָһЩԼļ䡣
ʸ˫üͷŴʱķƣһĻǺȵƣշе췣֮Լ˾·ԼڵҲûа취⡣
ɶͲһܳɹˣ
ʸ˫мΪʣ֪ԭȵķֻӵսһûо췣֮ȴԼ첻һε֮̽£ǳɹٶƿ췣ֿ֮µ
ѵƾ췣ܹ֮ҿôʸ˫еڲϵŰɫâȥʱ׼Ŵֲһ
ʱʸ˫Ҳ֪ŷƵļѣԼٲֽƶɱô÷ƼȫգǰҲȫ±գԼ֣¾Ͳôˡ
ƶڻʸ˫ﲢûзУе췣֮۶ɵĳȴԼ㡣
ԴԼٶʸϼ棬ԼԺƺϵżƬֶԼԼǵ˺ܶ£ûȫظգһЩļƬ
ΪֻҪǲϵŻʸ˫֣ԼļܹȫظʱȻҲǲپ»ʸ˫ˡ
ֱ֪
ƵĮһЦӰ͵سڿһӰóʸ˫ƿص췣֮ɵҪȶ֣ռľ档
Ƴʸ˫ʶص˰벽ϵɫâӿ֣Ƭöһ˲仯ɫгϣ

һâƿն֣׾ٻЩɫڼƻ췣֮ǰΪ޷赲ס
Ϊ췣֮ļµƻΪµ֮һ
ɫâȻǷеĳ۵â˸֣˶У貵âԼػɢ˲ɫ
ѾǿҪӽԼʸ˫ɫ΢΢䣬ӡȻһߣ˫ʮָſµӡѸٳֿͣµĲѹһռ䡣
ӡ
ʸ˫ȵûκε֣ڷƣǱűɱ֮ģӡͬһɽ㣬ݺݵظ߿£ΧĿռ䶼ǷǿҵǳܲסּΪǿ
öڻζȻȴûκεη壬սȫеââʢȻ޷ȴ֮ġ
䣡
ɫâɫӡȻ֮ͬеٶ˾챬µϯãЩǽڣʱҲܵ˲
һҡΣƺֿµ֮³ܲסȻû÷ƺͻʸ˫ĽֳȻһЩ飬ɫüΪÿ
⣬ż֮أֲԺĻ¡ɫýһţƺͻʸ˫ǲ֪ż֮صĿ֮󶯾Ժ䣬ż֮ضҪǷôһЩ鷳ҲȻǽˡ
˵Щɫһȷصż֮أƺûЩĴڡ
Ȼ£ñֹͣ˻ζ֪һһ̶ĲЦ


2005 
ɫ˵췣֮зս⣬ҪöǷתһ㡣
ɫþɲϾƷƺͻʸ˫˽֣üͷϸΧĳЩ顣

̶âڿ˺ѶϸĹעԲᷢò֪ʱ𣬶һЩЦ
ಣ
ǽǽͻȻһӰ˸ٶȼ죬ۼ⣬µһʱǷ֣ʧ

ȻӰһţݲ˻عѾʧʱڶߵĹЦҲ޷
һͬûгֹһ㣬ɫȴǱò԰ޱȣӶǵ亹¶һĨֵźӰʧĵطʧ
㿴ʲô
̬Ȼس࣬Щż֮ص飬ǽճǹҲǲ亹
ȷǿô
һֱ侲ɫҲǱ仯࣬΢˫ûԤϵȻЩ¿Ĳˡ
վڲԶȻǽ˵ɫ仯۵֮Уȴǲ²ⲻ͸ΪԺ˻ɫ䣬¶־ɫ
һǷƺͻʸ˫˵սҪס֣ЩѸĻǴʦǰҲûа취ȵǡ
عǲڽֵˣ૵
˵Ϊֲ̫ҵȿԿ⣬˵֣סˡҡҡͷҪ̸ͣס
㲻УҲҪԣԲǼȥЩȫգǻʸ˫Ҳ߲ż֮أ
صص죬üͷӣƺû뵽Щ
ʵڲУְɣһеĻɫʥǹɫӽµҲò
ҲΨˡһۣҲǴӦ顣
ˣ
еľʥĴ߶֮£ٶȻ貵âȻǵ࣬Ҳһɺӵ
ಣ
һɫǹӰ˸ֱ۶Ǳɫâ⣬еĳǹ߽Ϊһ壬ȥ𺳸С
ҲûκζֻеɢĹâøΪ貣һռҡĹ켣ɢ
ԶоĲɨӶԺ˵ľٶҲһ㵣ĪҪ֣
ԣƺͻʸ˫սѾǿԲֵĵȼҪǿ֣ȳԿľˡ
Ȼ첻ʲôǵӰȻ˸Բ˲һεսϾ䣬½һ֮ʼֻҪôһҲͽˣ
춯һ˲䣬ǸоˣҲȵ֣
֮ʣһľͬǿ֮µҶµӣư磬ֱӵؾսȻˡ
󣬱һһǽеĳǹֱӵ˦ɳȥЯ޿ƥеƽٶ¡
һ貵Ĺâ󣬵âھ罣âԼ֮ϣʱͬ𳤣øΪǿң
ԺҲ̫ˣȻҪּսô
쳹޾âӿ֣Щâݻ޾ǿգһһǳߣͬǾתȺơ
ڰգԼ赲ס˾罣âʱȴ췣֮ʥ֮⣬һֵӿ֡
䣡
罣â޾ǿ޷ȥ΢Уû뵽ǱˣҲŭȵ죬㲻һĻ˵ս
ߣ浱СôĪҪΪԺµһɫȻǲĻΪⲻѰһƶѡ
䣡
һͳ죬ɫһȻΪҲֹµ޾ǿ˲߻ơ
ϲľ罣âԼɫǹӰŷƵڵķȥɫ΢΢԰ףѪԷϳ֣ʹԼΪǿҲˡ
Ȼʱ˵սѾǴڰȻ׶ΣϯĹҲǵǰҲԲõ
Ƿȴظоƺɫ΢䣬һ˸αǳԶܿ


2006 
ʸ˫ûзӦΪʲôƻͻȻ뿪Ȼعʱ򣬰ͬһϲľ罣ԼһϵػɫȻس֮ͫС
䣡
һ죬ǶȻɫâ֮бµɢǱͲصǽҲǺȻر̮˲١
סˡƳ뿪ҲһֻҪ˲սȥǾͻŻ뿪ż֮ء
Ƭ֮ҲǻֹͣɢһܳǹƿշɻУƴʱ˸ߣΪõصôͳˣ
Ҳѹַ鲻ãڸղŵս֮УԺӿָļƬһЩսļҲ𽥵رһֱŻʸ˫ͼ飬Ȼ˵ͻȻ֣ȴǴһС
һ˵Ҫٴȥ´Ҷˡ̯˫ֿЦżЩ飬һʱҲûа취˵
ӡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һһŨɫâӡЯſµ£Ŀ겻ǷƣȻˡ
ӡ£ɫȻرѿΪǷ֣ѹ֮£ǾȻ޷ϾǿɲǷȼǿߣֻؿӡ¡
߾
Ƽ״ɫ࣬һе췣֮䶸Ȼƿ˦˲Ϣǻһųϣӭӡ
䣡
һ죬췣֮˫˫ڰ֮УҲǲòʱ˱֡
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫ӰʾûбֳǱղŵʱ򣬱񾵸£ȻǶ첻ɶв
ǣʸȴŭ⣬һλɱƵĻᣬȴһαԺ˸β
ĪҪΪʥʦܣҾͲҳ֣Ҫ֪ҾɱǣʥҲûκ֤ݣκβң
ʸ˫΢˫â۶֣ضˣǼɵԺһλʥͳֽ˻ɱڴ˵أõƻֻʶʥ֪Լʱ޷ŵʥ⣬ôȻҲ޷ʥ֦
Żʸ˫ĻɫҲǱ࣬ߵԳ֣ɱǣʦֻ᲻ҵͷϣ

ʸ˫ɫܻеɱ̲סѹֶҧгݣʱԣʾ䲻Ҫ嶯
ۺԺȻͷȴûбսǳԺǱ߻ķرʱɾˡ
һɣΪҪóȻ֣ɫе㲻ÿҲɣҪְƣͳˣαصȵսһʱų֣Ȼʲôԭ
ߣٴȥ¾ͻһЩµĶʱ˵ʸ˫ǵʥˣҲδܹȵ㣡ߵ
㿪Цô½ԺҪȡҲǰסʸ˫ĻɵŭЦ仰㹻ʸʥǵȾǿ߶Լ֣ҪնɱԼҲøһЩۡ
üͷɨӹԺˣɫ˵ҲɣĪʲô˲õĶ
Ψ췴Ӧ˹˫Ȼʲô૵ص˵ġĪЩ
ûص˵ͷȻΪԱ˳Űƴȥǵս
׷ʲô飿ʸ˫Ҳ޴֮ˣɫҲһĪʲôµĴڣ
ô£üͷﲢԼ򵥣ҲȤ׷ʡ
ǵҸ˵½źܶطʥǿ߽ҲǾһʼεصһż֮أ
ż֮أȸǲ֪طȥƺһЩͷҲǰĽߡ
Щż֮ص½һЩǿ֮󣬽ڴ˵أ٣˵ȴԺ͵֮󣬴󲿷ֵǿ߶ڻ֮ĮҲͳΪͷ˵ż֮ءһڵۻԺǽֹµӽЩż֮УΪȥѾɥڴ˵ء
ΪΣɫһ£ż֮ƺĲ򵥡
Ϊһʥǿ߶͵ĵط


2007 ޴Ů
ʥǿ߶ܹ͵ĵط
иһĨνżʲôʥǿ߶һ٣ɫҲǱýࡣ
ż֮ؿԷΪ֣һͨż֮أżõһЩЩȥѾǿµǿߣһǼΪֲΪ֮Į֮£ѾĳЩµĶ͵һˣ춼֪ƺͻʸ˫½ˣȻǲ֪
ĳֶʸ˫ɫùŹ֣ʵ껹ʲô
ԣЦҡҡͷѰͺðˣЩĶʥǵȼĴҲǸеΪ֡
ż֮֮вȱһЩǰİ벽ۻʥǿߵʬ壬Ϊ֮Į½Ľ֮Ϊһ㣬ӶЩʬ巢ĳЩ䣬һΪĿ´ڡ
˼ʬͨˣüͷԶĻҪ֡
û⣬Щڸǿʬ֮еѧһż֮زֶڸһǰǰ벽۵ǿʬ壡ʼ硣
ǽֵĲѾǳɹؽһЩǼսȥЩΪǿĶѹ벽ۼĶɲǿԿġ
ѻ˵꣬˶˳ĬҲ֮Уʱп԰벽۵Ķ
ҪСЩǵʥʥ֣ҲδؿùЩһЩʥ۷ĶѾԼǣұǸΪթ쿴ʸ˫ɫƺûаЩҲǳѵ
һλǿߣΪʥ۷壬һżȴǾг˯ĶҲûܹӵóЩǶôؿ¡
ȻʱɫȻһ䣬ΪЩ̶ĪЦʾ˱ְԼǲ
ɫҲ΢˫ر˫Ƭ֮ĶҲһЩֵЦЩЦΪ̶һֲڵĸо
ЦԽԽӽһӰȻϢѾǲƲǽ֮ߣһ˫ɺɫ˫עŷƵһˡ
ˣ
ԽԽҲȵȻһ̣ĳһµǽ֮䣬һӰȴμǺãױ֡
Ȼµһ̣Ҳͫ͵ͬ˲תƶȻضڿһӰһӰϮȥ
ƵҪЩ׶ʲô
ȻķӦȴǳϵѸ٣ڷʩչһ̣Ӧһ㣬͵ȥǵµǽ֮д÷ƶʱ˸ա
ߵĴ̶ЦԽԽ죬ͬԼЦ˿ȷ֪⸽ŶĴڣҲֹһ
΢˫Ҫ̽ѰȻһ̣۽ȴƳһӰȻϢشһӽ
Сģǵ󣡡
¾˶ҲǴȼ֪Ȼû˻عʸ˫ѾǶˡ
ɫâǼӿ֣΢ضţһƼΪ貵ɫâЯźƵֱӵһӰȥ
״ȻȵҪ֣
ȻѾΪʱʸ˫߶񾵣ƵһӰҲûܵĿܣһ̶ֱӵɫâ֮Уʣһ㣬ͬһ㡣
˵ĺܿµĶʸ˫һۣȻǱԼ׵𣬵Ҳ΢΢һĨЦݣҡͷЦʲôþµģ
ģ޴Ůˣ
ʱֱǱʸ˫ǲϧֱӵرָ֣Żʸ˫ıΪж֣˶ģ
ղңʸ˫ɫһӾ֮˸⣬һɱ֮ĴζǿʥϣԼͶֽ֮նɱˣ
ôشԵŮˣҲ޾ʸ˫һߣ죬ղľٶжô޴
ô˵ʸ˫ҲӿһĨĸоϣ͡
ע⵽ʸ˫񣬵Ҳǲ̾һղŲӦûɱһ


2008 
춼˵ʸ˫ɫ𽥵ӿһĨɻѵԼնɱЩʲôԣ
˸ղűնɱһ֮ǰһ̶ĽûСЦҡҡͷ̾Ϣ֪ͨͬǰźţһҪ˿ս
ĶһЩǿĶҲ˱ʱһ벽۵Ķ֣ôֲ⼸˶Σˡüͷһۻʸ˫һ˿
ΣҪɱȥôʸ˫üͷǲԼʲô֮
̫ˣΪƾԼӵܹôһۻʸ˫Цǳְ벽۵ĶǵʥּǿߣܹеĻվҲһ
Цŵղû֣ǶܿһҲڽأԭֻҪЩǿĶûѹǾͿȷŻһοռг֮ʣܹ뿪ż֮أնɱһͷ֮ǰźţǾҪսһεĿռг֡
ƴʱҲ߻һۻʸ˫ҲüͷղȻ˵ͬǳ֣ûдɱҪΪ
ȴû뵽ʸ˫ֱӵض֣һͷõǵҪԵĿ¾Ͳһ԰ټƵĶ
ûղһֻѰʥײûжвƳһ£ǿڵż֮ǿĶʲô磿
ԺԼһۣҡҡͷڵÿһż֮ضǲһ㣬Ҳ֪ż֮ǰ͵ľǰ벽ۻʥ۷ǿߡǡ
˵ͣˣ̧ͷһɻصʲô
һ֣شǿĶǰĻټҲûáЦɨӹһΧջ֮Į֪˶ǿߣǿĴۣа벽ۣʥǿ߸ǲ
뵽ԼҪһش۾ĶҲһоǼɵ֮ɫ˵ڴʬĶشۣҲԲǿԶԸˣӵĻʸ˫ˡ
ȻʱΧʼ˸Ϊ̶Цһʱ֮䣬ΧҲǶʱֳӰϵشǽڷ֮С
ȻǾĶɫ׵Ҳǽеľ罣Ψһĵ·Ҳֻսռٶȳ֣Ǹûκ뿪ż֮صĿܡ
ĴɨƾһɨӶеĶ٣Ҳǽüͷ֮ͨطǼͨ
һż֮صͨǿͨģƻͷʵȴǷֶԷ¶һٴеɫҲ̿Цɵ㣬ǵ˴ۼĶҲӲˣ侲һķ
ЦǱɫҲǷ˲٣ȷĴһۼĶôҲ֮
֪Ϊÿһż֮ضǲһͨӦǿͨżط˼һ£ǻش𣬱ϾԺż֮ص̽Ҳǰ⣬ǿ˵Ժǵۣرⲻ֮Įż֮ء
Ͼ̽һż֮أҪĴ̫ˣż֮ŽػĶҲ޷½ԵۺԺǲط֪Ҳޡ
ҾӦ뿪Щ֮ͨСƵԼ뷨òӦԴУ˵Щ֮ͨУŻȥĻᡣ
һۣ÷˵ĻһĽ飬ϾǷսĻȻǻᾪĶʱ뿪֮ͨУܹܿ󲿷ֵĶͿԾؼսܹĵصȴһοռеĳ֡
ż֮أڻ֮ĮΪԭͷļأƽһԽһΣҲ˵ƵҪż֮һ£ֻҪŹʱ䣬ôǲŻŻ
˾÷ƵΪǸߣȻܹȥļʣϾûΪʥ׼Ĵڡ
ãǸһ𡣡˵ͷӦȻʱ˵ȴ˻ʸ˫ϣȴľܹô˵Ὣߣ


2009 ֵ
ĬڵȴŻʸ˫ѡ񣬲еϣʸ˫ӦƵˣϾż֮أȥļʻӸߡ
ʧǣʸ˫ͷβɫûκα仯Ҳ̾Ϣһʸ˫ԸͷƻԺһ
ƾʲôҪӦǣ
Ȼʸ˫ֱӵؿھܾ˷֮⣬˸׸һҲԼѡ
ʸ˫㲢½֮ˣż֮صĶŶô£ΪƾеͿԶһ˳ȥĻ»ʧ۾صҲҪʲôʹãشۻݣǿƽż֮أվʥף
ʸ˫ɫȻƳһޱصҲǿ࣬ǲЩΪģҲеѣΪҿ͸롣
㡭֪ôŻʸ˫ɫҲŭֱ̫ˡ
ļʾ侲ҲϣŵȻǲһǾˡȸˣ
˵ͷȻͷϸԿ˳ۣϾҲûжĳԹǰи˵ѡ
˵ô
ʸ˫ɫ˸˵ɱ⣬עŷƣһһ۵صˣ
ʸ˫ᣬȻǷҲһ֮ʸ˫ҪңҲûǸɱң
ʸ˫Ȼǲֻװ׵߹ʱƣƵļƺ࣬ʱǲû֣պ붯֣¾͸ѣ
ûǸ˵⻰е磡ʸ˫еâȻŶҪ֣ûʲôȷõɸиΪҪ
Ҳһһ̤֮˿˿âƣµ췣֮ٶȳֶԺˣһۣҲǸ̤һʸ˫Χм䡣
ƾҲ֣ʸ˫ɫһĨ⣬Ȼ֣ȻҲ޷ʲôӰ죬ֻе鷳ѡ
ƱߣҪȻҲڱǳֶѡصеľ罣ѣĽ
ʱǹ죬ܲŴ̶ЦеʱܿһһӰ˸кȻ
ʱ첻òվŻʸ˫ҡҡͷʱʵǲ˶֣ĶôĿɾͻˡ
ҲҪңʸ˫ؿ죬Ҫ䣬ھõĻᣡ
̾˿ڲµ飬ȳ䣬Ҫôż֮سȥŸΪҪȻҲ֪ΪʲôǾɱҲҪɱкã
ʸ˫ĬˣûʶȻûнЩڣεȰԼ֮вҲǶҡˡ
Ҫ֣ȵ뿪ż֮ҲǿԵġûбҪһʱ֮
Ƭ̹󣬻ʸ˫ɫػŷƣһΣȷŹ㣬뿪ż֮գɥ֮ʱ
ʸ˫û˶ֵͷҲһҪ֣ڵ״̬ûжٰգʱһЩǿĶ½Ͳ˵ˡ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷŷƵ߰ɣͰ˵֮ͨУܹܿЩ
Ƶ˵ͷζؿһۻʸ˫˱Ѹٵ뿪˵ãһͨ߱ܶȥ
õܸӵһ֪ͨδͨƵѡһʣڵͨڷȥʱЩӰϵ˸ƺǷҪ׷ȥ
ķƵȫȥıӰʸ˫΢˫еɱѹȥԱߵߣҲ뿪
һɣ뿪ǲô
ʸ˫ҡҡͷָͨʼղǰ취Ҫߣǲͬһ·ѡ
һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷһƲ⣬ʾʸ˫ϣ˽ŷƷ෴һ֮ͨС
ڻʸ˫뿪֮󲻾ã֮жȻضһΪ޴ĺӰһ˫ɺ˫ɨӹЩͨҲǵͳؽлѡһͨȥͨȻǷƵѡġ


2010 ̸ͨ
ڷƵ˽֮ͨУҲһƬڣֲָǰϵػ֮ͨУϸ΢ĴϢҲš
Щڰ˽ʥǿ˵Ȼ첻κϰǰͷȴǲϵشͨܡ
Χʯ֮ϽӡһЩֵĿ̻ƺڽʲô飬ֻƴʱûκʱͣ
ƣô
ڷƵ󣬴ʱʸ˫Ҳǲߣɵ׷ʵллɣ˷ƾȻƿΪµ췣֮Ҳǿʼ𽥵ţƾ䣡
Ҳ֪ںڰгĬƬ̣ǻصʧȥ˼䣬ﶼˣһֻлʸ˫֪
ʸ˫ȻǺŵҪ׷ɱ㣬Ե۵ƱҪİԱ߽ŵǲ⣬ʸ˫ΪҲ㣿
ңҲŮˣһ˵Ҫɱңǰ˵ҵӣԼ㲻ʲôˡƿЦָȫ䣬Ļ벻ʸ˫ʲôݣֻϡǵãԼŻʸ˫ֲһΡ
ˣ˵ʲôʱ򣬷Ҳǿʵ濪ʼһֱ˵䣬䣬ʲôҲǺΪ档
㲻֪ԤôɵصҲǷӦ˹Ʋ½ˣͬʱʧˣ֪ԤԲŹء
Ԥԣʲôϵô΢΢ͣһ¡
һһʮؽԤԵһжǸ֮˷ƣҲ˽˲࣬ԭԤԵ䣬Ϊĳ֣½Ŀʼ
併٣һ˵ңôɾСˡҲЦȴ˲ɣѵԼʲôô
Ϊͬڵ۵УΪ䣬½һĿʼĴڣͻ֤ԤԵһƣ
ʼεصҲǵΪʲôҪԭ򣬶ԺǲһۣԺ棬һֱڵȴԤԵķΪԺ˶ϣ뿪䣬صǵ磡
ƳĬ㻰Ǳ˼ҲǼΪ˼ϣƳΪԺһԱϾܹ۵ģΨԺ
еĳɣǲ֪ΪΣϲԼԤУһ죬뿪½
÷Ʋƺǲ²⵽˷еĳɣƣģԺԲܵʲôǿȣԸ⣬ͳΪԺĿ䣬븺Ժ֮ڵ飬㿴У
ѾǺܿˣֻҪƵͷԺôԺĿпɣ뿪½صǵԭ磡
ΪѾǱһߣΪԤԵ֮ʼԺĴʦʼΪΪҪڷʧ⼸꣬ҲһֱδѰ䡣
ãҴӦһҪȥǲҡƳĬһ£ҲǵͷӦϾﻹһ㣬ǳ棬¾Ҫ۵һˣȻ޷ۿ⣬ѰҸɽҲǸѡ
ãһΪʦǼȻҲǺܿġ÷ƴӦҲһϲһ˹ûа׳Ѱҵ䣬ǳɹؽ֮Ժ֮У
㵽ʱҪߣǿ»ס㡣ҲǴȤ仰û˵ŷƵΪ³˴ʦֳ֣ԺҲûܹ
˵ƻҲЦڰֳ֮ͨƵնʱһɨգȻʱһƬڰ֮ͨУȴ˵ǰһĨ⡣
ǰǳˣһϲʱ֮ͨͻȻٶЩԶĹЦտ֮ͨУԵΪ̶
⣬ж׷ˡɫ˲еĳǹʼųɫâ˲ҫֹͨâҲǳû
ʱȻǷƣҲ֮ɫΪ͸ɫâ˵˶ʿ鲻غӰѸٵؿǣÿһӰɺӶǰԡ
ҿҲ̫˰ɡ̲ס֣˫ؿĺӰɫüΪȻż֮ô֮Ķ
ߣʱ䣬ǧ֣ҲǵͳŭһղŷŻʸ˫ĽսѾǳɹż֮ص˹׷Ѱǵټͨ


2011 
ģھɱ˻ʸ˫Ǹ²ǣҶ֣ݺݵصǻʸóȻضֻɱһȻҲôһֱ׷ǡ
̭ˣɱҲûǸȤ˲ɵȫ٣ͼЩ׷ȻƬ֮ǵǰȻضɺ֮ɫ
һĻƼͣ˲һۣ˸֮еΣǰĵ·Ҳǳ˶һ¿ǺȺǣǰͻ
ģƣԺҪлᣬҺݺݽѵʸ˫ǶЩ̫ˣԺļҲδֹƵ顣
ż֮Ҳ˵ôƵʵܾƺﲻԾ̫ˣ
ᣬڼǰǽһż֮أȫ෴Ȼʥ׼Ķȫû£ֱǲ˼顣ޱȵأǰһĻҲɻ
˼ǵûԺǴûгֹڵۼǿߵż֮Щء뵽ʲôɫȻرѿ
˵˵ҲǽӲֳŵɫѵص㡭㲻ᡭ˵ġǵۼǿߵż֮ذɣ
ۣ
ֵǱѰκζܹŵֳϹϵȻҲǱòƽԵͬɫҲǱüΪѿ
áƣ˵㵹ùˣһЦؿŷƣż֮궼δһΣȻһǽ˵ۼż֮أͷһ
ۼĶôƵ૵صڴּĴڣʥ׿νȫͬĸ˵һϣһϣҪɱʥףֻҪһɡ
ȻˣҲȼս⣬վشۣкξ֮һѣĪܹŴಢô
ƺǸܵ˷ϴս⣬ҲǱȾһ㣬һۣҲЦһ£ɫ
ܹ߳ȥȻһ档
ʱûǴȤܹڵۼдȥ½֮˵ҲһΪ𺳵顣
ôģδػϡЦˣкο־壿
ʱͨߣغɫںڰ֮ΪȻǵ÷Ƶ˿˶ǸоΪĺ
ЩĲǿԼĪʥҡɨһ£ЩȻ࣬ĲǲǿͺǸոͻʥ׵ֲҪϼ֡
Ҳܲס̫డüͷߴ̶ִЦʵúܣЩЦΪܼǶڵͱˡ
ϣвŴͷְɡƻȻ£Ǽ˺ڶӰƺʲôһ㣬Զÿһ϶һδϽĺӰȻس˷Ƶ˵С
һͷӰĳ֣һҪԼĳ嶯ҲԷͶһԹҲ̫һɣ˵ʲôʲô
ʥ۷塭
ƳһεؿͷĲѾжϳжǿԼĪʥ۷ҵĲ˵νһ鷳ˡ
ӵʥ۷岨ĺӰ֮ΧڶӰ̶ִֹͣЦһбΪ죬ƺЩӰĳֹɣָ֪ӡ
ȻһĻƵøΪϾغˣǽڣ˵עˣЩҪǳˡ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ׼ŸԵֶΣȻ˵óȻػɱЩ鷳µܲԴУ
Ȼûǰ·Ǿɱһ·
˫΢Уеսܵȼƽգʱʱһ˿â˸ֻ췣֮Լսһʲôˡ
һͷʥ۷Ķ¶ģɺҲһĨһΪڶҲǶȻţ̶ٶȳͨ
ƺӰǴŽźţһ˲䣬еĶѸٵس˷Ƶڵλãһʱ֮䣬֮ͨУӰ˸̶Цһ˲û˷Ƶˡ


2012 췣֮
䣡
һ죬ڰͨȻرըһżΪĹâĴâڱڶΧ֮£Ƶ׷֮ûκεرͷŶ
ûκεףâ֮Ķҽر췣֮һεâ˦֮ضǱնϡ
ǿµ׷֮˲˶ʣһӣƵΧٶγһյشûһҿ
ƣ췣֮Ҳ̫ˡԾؿŷƣӸղŶʱ˶ս׼Ȼ֮е׷֮ȴǻûӦϰٵ췣֮
ԱߵҲǿЦǱʱȴû뵽ֵĻᶼûǡ
һ֮Ƭʱ䣬նɱ
Ҳ̫ô¡ƻɢֱ֮ϵâɫҲ¶ɻ飬췣֮ȻڶЧǴسϡ
ˣЩǿ֮ĶӦһ壬췣֮żµƻ֮Щ˺νǳɱӣһ룬Ҳ˷֮ɫƣһȻǶԵģڿЩĶ֣
ԣҲЦص˵ͷе㲻⣬Щʥǿߵʬ췣֮ǿҲȻǲɵǡ
ģЩȷһЩʥǿߵʬһʥǿߵʬ岻ֹһҲ˵¾㱾ʥ׵Ϊֳʮϰٵ֮ҲࡣʼЩγɻǺġ
ҲһЩǾʥ۷ϵЩǿʬ壬ΪǰΪ̫ǿڤڤ֮ĶҲɢֻһҲΪʲôԺ͵۶׼µӽӴż֮أµľֶŵȴһͷȻϼֵĶ
ǸһôҲǵ˵ͷɨһڲͬĶĲȻǷƣҲǸоһĲǿʥ۷ʵ
ҲҪ̫ģʥǿߵĻƿص췣֮Ӧûܹƺ˷еǳҲЦŵϾֲǰΪ
ȻˣҲͳᣬЩķǰ档ҲЦЦͷʥ۷ĶϣԸͷĽǣֻҪסЩͿˡ
֪ЩȻҲһǴڣǰͷȻΪʥ۷ΪԺĶԼ˽йҪĿǰΨһİ취ɱʥ۷
ЩƿûҲҪɱɾһֻ̫࣬Ҫʥ۷ɱôĶȻҲʧȥͷ첻ɶв
ãǾͽ㣡
ԣҲһۣеıʼ˸ɫǿʼΧĶ鿪ʼɱȥǵĿĲҪж飬ֻҪȡ㹻ʱ䡣
Ҳغһ֮ٶâ˸µϢ֮ЩǷ׷òϵط̶ִĽƺڿ־塣
âγɣƿһΧЩ׷ײǰĶҲһĨЦ⣬ڻɺܶࡣ
һʥ۷ĶȻҲǿеâ֮ҲΪʥ۷Ϊȴ㹻ĵһ㣬ԶԶ˱ܣ
ʥ۷Ķһ˫ɫ˫Ȼһ췢һ˻Ϊ٣ƺǴݳĳ˼˻֮ΧЩ׷ǳɧ
΢üͷȻͷʥ۷ĶЩסԼһ̣ʥ۷Ķٶȷһ˻ΪһθΪԼ̶
һ£ΧЩҲ̲ס׷кâŹâ׷Ƿ˶ңǲһеŷɱ
һĻüͷҲ΢壬Ųɵüӿ죬еâʱرΪҫ۵Ĺâһ췣֮ȥ֮𣬸ûκͣоһЩΪΪǿһĶâմ֮Ҳǿ־ؼеϵš
Ҳͽ췣֮ЯܣЩһʱ䣬Ǳ𣬶ڲϵشʮ췣֮ڷƵǰѾһƬտ


2013 ں
ͷʥ۷ĶӣеĳҲǲϵâµĲȻԷʥ۷壬Ƿȴ˿壬սȼգâƺǸΪ֡
ʥ۷Ķͳ˻һʱô߶ΧЩҲǲٶŷƿ£Է췣֮Щûκεֿ֮
ʱͨռһߣռһߣʱ˲ǸտʼһֶнսʱһߵĶѾʣ²࣬ĽǱµ췣֮
Լ˻ƺЧͷʥ۷ĶҲǶȻرÿѪɫ˫֮𽥵ӿһĨ˷΢裬Ҫֵʱͻ
ֻʥ۷Ķ͵һһص˲ɢδķҲɫ˱䣬±Ѹ˺еĳųһƬ׹⣬γһƬǽ赲Լǰ׵ظЩĳ
ʥ۷ܱߵĿռ䶼ǲϵΪ£ǿߣһ֮£ҲŵǶϵĳȫγɵĳ
ֱ仯Ƭ֮󣬱ǻʧ÷һ֮ʣͷ۷ʥ׵ĶĶȴ÷ƶΪ֮һ
ԭͷ۷ʥ׵Ķʱڿʼ𽥵ЩûκηǱɡ
Ķûκζһһܰ㣬ȫվţȻȴʥ۷ɡ
һĻҲ׹ˣղһԼʥ۷ĶΪ֮Ŀľʧȥ˵ֿǿʼһɡ
һʱûаգҲ΢˫ʥ۷ĶһֱעŶԷϢ仯ԭΪʥ۷Ķ֮󣬻ߣǹҲûκϢߡ
ô£׽öеâڲϵ£ȴע⵽ʥ۷ϵͬʱͬӰһȴ𽥵رͬʵ塣
һĻƶȻ˫ȥеâͷųһĨΪ貵â˲ͨΪ֮š
żƻ֮âѸٵʥ۷ȥѾǲͼΪ˵ԭ򣬼ʥ۷ҲǲԸ׷֮ϾǿĿԽ֮
Ҫ̶ȵر췣֮Լ˺ͷʥ۷ĶܴͨͬﵽԼʵ廯һʵ壬ô췣֮Ȼ壬벻ֱӱ췣֮
Ҳ˲ز²ͷʥ۷ͼҲǰ಻סֱӵس֣âӽʱͷʥ۷ĶʱҲɵòˡ
ǰͬӰһ壬ʱѾ𽥵תһ̵ʵ壬øΪʵͷʥ۷ĶҲǹֽһٶͬףһӱǳԳ
䣡
췣֮ݺݵ£ͨΪ֮һµâ涼ֱӵغըһ޿ӣͬϸһâĴ䣬ɵĺֱӵؽΧЩʣĶֱӵ
췣֮£Щûз֮ӶķΧ޴ѾԶʥ۷ҲûӹķΧ
ֻʱ𽥵رʵ壬Ӵ췣֮Ҳ̫ǿԶҲûʲô˺ĶǱҲԻ¶һյɫ
ʥ۷޵ؿ˵ķﻹֻҪԼȫʵʻô췣֮ĿҲǽͺܶࡣ
Ϊһôע⵽ʥ۷񣬽ϸղŵľٶҲǲ²⵽ʲôҲЦеâٶȵ貵â
ʥ۷һ۷ƣͳ˻˼ԽԽЩҲǶȻرÿĹˡ
Զ֮£˶ʱҲǸоѹϾǿɲǷƣеʥ㹻֧ȥ˵ĽҲõȥ
ƣֹںƬż֮صжֻ̧Ӷеľʥһεİ罣֮ǽЩһնء
û췣֮ȻҲǲֱӵЩ˿ֻǲϵеʥЩӶȡ㹻ʱ䡣


2014 
ڷƵŶ֮ʣʸ˫ѾͨһͨŷϺܶࡣ
Ϊͷʥ۷׷Ѱŷƶȥż֮ѵĶǴڷһͨ£ȥˣҲɢֱӵرʸ˫ɱ
Ǳƺ˴鷳ˡ
ƺǸ֮ܵ췣ֿ֮²ʸ˫ҲǶȻضס˲һԼʱĵ·ɫâҫƺ˷Ʒڶ֮вɱĳ
ΪϢΪУһĸˣҷƵѪó棬һüˣ󲿷ֵĶǱȥҲЦŵ˵ǻԽ˳һʱ䡣
ЩɱƵġʸ˫ҡҡͷǼǰߣŷƶνֵ˵Ϊ˽ƵһˣԼŰЩûаգ
һ㣬ʸ˫ûв´ֻϧǣûвµƵ췣֮ЩĿǡ
߰ɣ˵ǻɻһЩǿߵĴУʥ̧˫侲߳ƵʱҲǿʼе㼱١
ʸ˫ҡҡͷΪ壬Ѱʥ۷ǿߴ⣬Ǵۣ
ǲһЩǿĶʸ˫ĮȻؿһ죬Ǽ֮ͨǰҲ¶һĨЦѸٵظϡ
ȻǰƬ֮Ҳ鷳
һ˫һ˫ĺɫںڰ֮ͨΪۣǰһЩ׵ضϵԼȥ·Ķʸ˫ֻٶͣüͷ
ɨӶɫ𽥵ر𺳣૵ͷʥ۷Ķ
ʥ۷ôʸ˫üͷжȻرһɫâɫâһ˲䣬ͨҲǱһǡ
ʸ˫Ҳǿ˴ʱڶһȺΪ׵һĺӰǱĶΪؾ޴󣬶һûʸ˫ֵǣ岢Ӱȥʵ塣
ˣɽʥ۷ɫԽԽѿΪ۵Ĵʦ֣֪ǰ״̬ĶǸӿ¡
ɽʸ˫ɵؿһ죬Լز²⵽һЩʲô
ûͬҲһֻ֣ΪǰǿߵһЩʶãӵһЩǣΪߵǿߣ󣬱۳ĶҲ൱ؿ£ǻĶﵽ׳Ŀġ
ָǰĺӰǵûУԽǿĶͻ𽥵γʵʻ壬ʼ޵״̬֮УŸΪǿĶ̬ת
Щʥ۷ûʲôرʸ˫üͷеɫâϵƣƺҪ֡
УǾܹĳҪסһ㡣ҲǱϵƣʥ۷Ҳûеס
סʥ۷ĶȥĶ֣ʸ˫ȵҪ뿴һ£Ƿܹͬʱ˵ʥ۷壬վȥĶѣ
˵ͷ˲䱩貵ɫâ˲ӿֳ֮ͨУսٶ
˵ûЩóֶξǾҲֲֶΣû֮һ
ʱķƾѾڳͷˣһʥ۷Ȼ췣֮۷ΪƻԼĻᣬһѸٵ˸λá
¾ԼӦܹӽʱܻʥ۷ϴݳĳһֱӵضԼľгȻƵηЩ˺ܻһ˿ͣ١
ͷѶԸ
΢شϢţԼ϶Բһʥ۷Ҳкݺݵһ̫ƻˣ֪Լյ췣֮෴ƺһ㡣
΢УƳ˴ʱȻʱûʲôΣգ㳤õȥûǻ
Щʵ̫ˣҾղʥ۷֮Ÿ಻֪ĶðĶ𽥵س֡
ƴˣһڵȴʥ۷Ķǰ֧Ԯɫ𽥵ر䣬ܹԼز²⵽ԷĴ㣬Ҳ֪ԲȥˣĻԼҪԵľͲֹһʥ۷ĶʮǸ࣡


2015 նɱ
ƵҲûκεسɣ粽ɫΣҪ̵ʱ֮ڣһĨɱ
ƵӰͬһâ˲ٶͷʥ۷ԱߣеĳʱǱΪ貵Ĺâ˻ٶ
֨
ʥ۷Ƶĳ֣ҲԤֱӵ췢һΪ̶Ĺֱֽӵظǹâ
Źֽ֣ʥ۷ԱߵĿռ䶸ȻҲӳһϵɢȥƵ룬׵ؾܵЩľ
ʥ۷еһ˲䣬׼еĳȻֱڵϣǻһâֱӵرըЩĴߵâֱӵظסΧǱҲǶȻһ
֨֨֨
ʥ۷ڽӴЩâ֮γʵʻҲðڳЩ̣˻ѣϵؽжܶ˸â
ʱ򣬷Ҳǿס˸ղһҲ˲ָֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬵ڷ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
ΧȥâûʧĴϵߣʥ۷޷ղǰж
ƽƣٶ۳һ췣֮۵âٶڶ𣬳ͨݺݵسһʥ۷ȥ
ҿ㻹ôܹ
ȵƵ֮е췣֮Ǳһ貵â뿪˷Ƶ֮˲ڿγһŭص
ٶȼΪѸ٣Ӵһת۱Ѿʥ۷ǰǴ̶ļѾɵˡ
ɵʥ۷֮󣬲ûоʹʧ̾»һž޴âϵ
ƿǾ޴âҲ΢΢һ¾ʥ۷жͨҲӲ췣֮
Ϊ췣֮ƿߣȻ˽ʱâ֮һʥ۷Ȼ˵ѾĶʼջǶ췣֮ǿؿס
ģƣʱƳһ۷ƣղŵһĻУҲǴЦò˵û˸ȷʺɱЩˡ
ͬΪʥǿߣ׿ΪϵǿȻֳʥҲԸЩʥ۷Ķƿص췣֮ɾǿĿǡ
΢΢һЦƻʱѾǸоһʥ۷ĶҲǱ췣֮׵ˣֲ֧Ƭ̡
ÿľϴ
ȵһž޴âȻٶȷ˱仯Ϊһģ̶֮а¡
÷Ƶĺ֮Ҳһ˲Լͬرˣػص˷ƵߣʱƵĶҲϡ
ӡһ䣬ųĿǸղԸЩ
ҫ۵ɫʱͨâϵ֮ûʣ£ڴһ˲䣬ֱӵر
Ȼ췣֮ʹӵɾǿԺż֮Ҳû°͵Ҳ¶Ľɫ
ǣ췣֮νǿȫؿƶ֪ʱʥ۷Ķǻ᲻ǱأҲǺٺһЦΪʹ졣
ǣǿ϶ǻͷۣôǸʸ˫ҪЩʥ۷ҲǵһЦ
ǲ²ûʸ˫ʱȷǺǱ컹һ㣬ͨĶûʲôѹǻʸ˫Ͳһˣʥ۷ĶȻҲп˵
Ϊʥ۷Ķ̫ƻˣֿڻʸ˫һйʱһͻŻԱ߶
ȻЩͬҲǶ첻ɶ˺ȴͣ٣Ӷʥ۷Ķ뿪ԼĹΧغ֮£ҲĶࡣ
ˣʸ˫Ҳûκΰ취ϾɲǷƣղǵȿµ췣֮ȻֲǰҲҪ˼ҲС
ȴǲ֪ƴʱѾնɱһʥ۷ĶǼΪɣûʸ˫֪»ƵѪ
ʱƵȷѾ֮ͨеĶǲûмǰΪڸղŻɱ֮УƺǷһЩ˲õĶ


2016 ֵϢ궯
ʱǼˣǲؿŷ֮һöƬöƬͨ峺ͬˮһ㣬˲κε
ƬˮƬĳΪղڷƳ׵֮ͨе֮󣬽ջڵʱȴǷֶôһˮƬ
Ѷǲ֪ЩʲôôɻؿһˣΪԺǿߣӦû֪ȴϲͬԼһƬ֪顣
ҡҡͷָƬǰϸؿһᣬεص治֪Ժǿ߼֮ҲûгֹҺ֣ûκε
ҺҲǵ˵ͷͬûмƵĶƽƬ֮Уüͷ壬ƺƬʲôɸ˵һ㡣
һ㣬û˵ڸղŽӴƬʱԼ֮ٶȷһЩĪ궯ſռгһֵ龰һģһ
ֶ˷Ӧƾɲ֪ǰƬʲôô붼벻Ҳֻ̾Ϣһ
ôˣһƬˣʲôÿϧģż֮ôǿߣܻһЩֵ鷢һ۷ƵɫƺΪ̬
ǲ֪ҽż֮أԸġ̾Ϣһ
ʲô
Ըʲô˼
һۣʧصԸģĪǻܹʲô˱ôЦİɣǱƣ½˭֪һ㡣
ԳЦһЦǸ˼ڻ֮أһ㣬ھһķɳ֮ͬҲռУҲûдռУڿеһ̣֮ȴǲĳַӦҲǲһ޷ֱܵӵؽҴż֮ء
ŷƵĻ˽ʯ֮УҲ̫˼ˣǴû˵飬Ϊ֮½Ľ֮أֵĿռжǼΪȶǲᷢ˵顣
˼˵ż֮ĳֶ˵ϵĳ˹Ż㲻ؽż֮أͼַʽȥͷƵ˵ģԼҲеš
ţԵġƵ˵ͷҲԼĴ𰸣⾿ʲôԼԼڵһʲô
ò²⵽ЩˮƬйذɣɵؿŷеˮƬһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪˵
ɣҲ֪ҵļʧȥˣһָ䣬ܹ֪Щʲô̾һ΢΢սȭͷƬ֮С
Ȼʱ򣬷˵ɫǶȻرˣǽƬͻȻһּΪصϢϢĳ֣õ˶Ϊ֮һ
ƴʱ˫ƬֱڲϵضǵصϢѸٵȫУʱ򣬷ƸоԼ֮ͬҲֽȻͬϢѸٵسԼľ
ô£ʧؿŷƣͻȻ֮䣬оǰķͬһˣϢüΪİһҡ
ҪҪֹüͷȻ֪Ƶϵ׷ʲô飬Ҳܹ뵽ʱƵĴƺ
ûصϢһתţѸٵʧҲƽٶȵ˫
ڷ˫һ̣ڵ͸¶һּΪɣ⣬ͬԽ£ԽʱĳӣٶȽٽ
Ҳ˲ǻָͬûгֹһ㣬ͬ˻ûзӦѾʧˡ
ƣôˣƻָƽҲǽʵ
գգۣ˵ͷʾԼû£ٶ̯ԼƣȴǷһöˮƬѾʧˡ
Ƭأŷƣ¶ɵ㲻ǰ˰ɣ
ӺԣΪεص񣬾
ģʲô֪Ͱˣ㲻ҪôһؿŷƣľٶоΡ
Ȼ֪Ƭʲô֪ʲôˡȴͻȻһĨ΢ЦˣЦͻȻһƻҪһϻɡ
ʲôһۣǵһĨЦݣзëɱż֮ء
ôأЦеصȥɱʥ۷ĶΣ


2017 ˵Ĵ
ɱʥ۷һ仰ӷƵ˵ֱӵرʯ״̬֮У𾪵ؿŷƣͬһһ㡣
ҵ찡ǷôȻȥɱʥ۷Ķ¶һŵɫ±ǷԷƵ뷨
Ҳҡͷԣ̫嶯ˣ˭Ҳ֪ż֮ʲôĶһֱӵ˰벽ۼĶǾƿƿ׷֮Ҳûа취⡣
ЩƬʥ۷̺һֶȻƬΪմȾ֮γɵĶҲΪЩʥ۷Żڲͬ룬ûд뷨ΪҪһ㣬û˵Ƭ̺ĳƺܹԼڵںϣղһ˲䣬ȻԼһЩ顣
ҲΪһ㣬һֱҪѰƬҪַͨʽָԼļ䣬ǳȴͻʸ˫ս֮÷֮һˡ
ɻ̫ðˣϾż֮ʲôΣգ˭Ҳ֪̾һȻܹƴʱ飬̫ðˣȲ˵ʥ۷ĶжǿóȻĴѰң»ĶѹǾİ벽־Ķǿľ군ˡ
ʲôûΣգοǲȥѰЩʥ۷ĶЩѰǣΪܹܵùôҡҡͷв²⣬᲻ΪԼڵ궯ͬʱҲЩʥ۷Դ֮һ
գǼȰ޹ҲֻӷƵģϾ췣֮ȻͬΪʥףҪż֮ػȥ»øڷƵ
˵ˣʲôԾĵطͣ֡ŷƵੲݵصû취ż֮أ·Ϊ˻ɱʥ۷ǿߣһ֮£һЩ³çؾٶ鷳
ǰ棬Ȱ棬ҲǿЦҡҡͷǰôû긾Ůһء
ԣҲƿʧԣԱߺûЦ
Цʲô̫ûˣһҵʦ֣һҵʦܡҧгݡصʼҲΪ˴Ұȫ롣
˺ˣֲʲô嶯³ç֮ʲôȡЦӦõż֮صʥ۷Ƿ÷Ѱҵ㹻ģȻһȥѰҰ벽۵Ķĸÿˡ
ģᡣԣҲǹһЦһˣ֮ͨвϵǰУŸղ෴ٶȲûпԼӿ죬Ϊ֪Լڵ췣֮ЩųϵɱҲǾòñ̫ܵ졣
ȻڷһڵѰʥ۷ʱ򣬻ʸ˫߶ͷʥ۷ĶȴǺް취Լôϡ
̫ѲˣЩʥ۷ʸ˫ɫâϣȻ巢ӳΪǿʥ۷ĶһһأԼһѵ³
ʱѾնɱʮͷͨʥ׶ȴʲôãΪ𽥳ֵĶֻԽԽ࣬ǳޣȥָҲǱЩĵķݡ
ûʲôİ취ֱӵЩ
ʸ˫ʵ֪ԲȥˣԶĲ𽥵ƽϢиǽ֣ĪǷƵѾǽ鷳ô
Բܣʸ˫϶ԼǶЩ𲻵ʲô˺ãԺܹʲôֶΣ
ûУǶֱӵغɱǣȫֻᣡʱҲǲϵشĶǷͨǰ棬һַëĸо
ôʸ˫ҲһĨɣǲ붯ΪĴ߶ĸΪ޴ҪҲҪ˼
ǰûʸ˫ò񾵣ҲǺһЩ룬˫˫ֶȻ貵ɫâ
˫ֺʮȻֿ񾵱ǻ˫֮иֶǼ䣬µϢǳͨͬͷʥ۷ĶҲ¶˾ֵɫ
죬ÿɡ
Իʸ˫ĿдԣҲǵ˵ͷ˲Ǳˣص˻ʸ˫󣬶ʱʸ˫Ҳǻ˫
Щʱǿµ֮𽥲ڶʸ˫Ҳǻؽ񾵸߾ٹͷһ̣һΪ貵ɫٱǺȥ


2018 ֪
Ĳǿ£ԶķƵȼҲǸֿܵµĲż֮صĵ涼ǲһ¡
ֲǡۣһЦҲ鷳
ҵһۣҲЦȴǽüͷʸ϶һӣνǾż֮صж
߰ɣô˷ۿŷЦ˵Щп϶ȱһЩʥ۷Ķ
Ҳ΢΢һЦһٶѸٵǰߣǸоǰѾһֲĲֻһ󲨶ĳ֡
ʱ˿̣ʸ˫ǰѾǱϯͨѾǿһʥ۷ĶԼʥ׶Ǳֱӵһ˿ۼû¡
һĻһղԵ飬ֵĶҲһƬ飬ȥ˵þꡣ
ʸ˫񾵣ͻȻ֮˵֮ö״ˮƬһĶҲǲɵһ
ʲôʸ˫֣öˮƬС
쿴Żʸ˫еƬҲǲ첻ѣҲϲ⵽ʲôɻصЩµģ
ȷ˵Ӧʥ۷µġʸ˫öƬüͷҲϸشöƬͼһЩߡ
ôǿһãɵþɵĪЩʥ۷ϵĳ
ǡһ£½֮ϣΨż֮ȥʥǿߣŻǻط
֪ΪΣöˮƬ֮ϵϢϤСʸ˫֮͸Ų⣬бһľҪˮƬ
Ҫ嶯ˮƬҺпܾΪЩƬԭ򣬲ŻǵŶγɣ˵ż֮еĳҪֹ
ǻʸ˫ҡҡͷ壬ܹ˺ˣֽ׶ֻдһЩǿߣҲ˿ûκη壬֮ɫâƣֱӵذöƬ
ɫâͬһڶ˲ؽöˮƬգƬ֮󣬻ʸ˫üͷЩƬȻɫâ޷֮
ǹȥƬ̣ʸ˫еɫâˮƬûκα仯֮С
ˣȻҵ֮ܶ޷Щʸ˫üͷвɵöƬΪ档
Ա߿ţڵȻˣǾţص֮Уʦһ»ܹ֪
ʸ˫˵ͷöƬУ˵ʥܹһʲôϾܹϤࡣ
ڻʸ˫öƬպõһ˲䣬ɫǱˣΪоڵ񾵷һ˿궯ȻֱӵҪöƬ
ôˣɻؿһۻʸ˫ʵ
һ¡ʸ˫ر˫֮УǴԼڵ񾵣ȻֱӵؽöƬɵǽ
һĻʸ˫иǾɣ񾵿ܹɵ绹½ǼΪ飬ɴеĺΪǿңҲֱӵش߶񾵣ӿöƬ
쿴ŴʱĻʸ˫˵֮жһɫâ֮У͸¶ŨŨɻ󣬲Ҳûдţصȴš
ͻȻ֮䣬Ȼ̧ͷǰɫüΪѿΪоһǿĲ𽥵ؿûв´ĻӦþǶ
ʥ۷Ķôһ£һ֪һ֮У»ʥ۷Ķ
Ǵʱʸ˫ûκηӦȥƬ֮󣬾ͻٶЩһ𣬵ʱһս
ʸ˫˫ϵɫâ𽥵ɢ֮дһ˿ϲ֮ɫȻջ
Ҳûע⵽еɫ仯ٵص߰ɣҪȻҪЩһˡ
ʸ˫оǰĲҲ΢΢ãǸıע⣬רɱЩʥ۷Ķɣ
ʲôɱʥ۷Ķ챻ʸ˫һ仰Ŵˣһ˵Ȼż֮ɱʥ۷Ķ


2019 Ӱ
ż֮أĳҪڷƵǰ棬Ū֣ʸ˫侲صȴųһЩΪ˷ܵɫ
ΪˮѾǱҲ֪ˮƬʲô֮ˡ
飡Ϊ飡ȻƬ˵Ǿ飬ֻƬ۶ҲΪЩʥ۷֮ЩʶŻ֮һ
ǣҲָһ㣬Ǿż֮أһöټ
磬ŷһ飬ȴϧڶԷϣǶҲˣãνǱκ˶
һҪõ飬ǻʸ˫ʱе뷨
ʲô㶼ͷֱӵؾܾʸ˫Ҫ󣬱Ͼ½棬Щжôؿֲ֪飬ʥ۷
Ҫնɱһͱ붯һȥĿνǼΪ޴Ų˶ã㶯Ķ̫ˣż֮Ű벽۵ĶǾ鷳ˡȻǳ٣Ҫʸ˫ͷ
ջڻʸ˫ɸһûᣬðգǿɾ͵ĵͬ˫͸ˣ
İɣǰ벽۵ĶҲη壬ֲشۣһƶѰˣʸ˫ĮȻޱȣԼӵ˿塣
ɡҪȰ裬ǻʸ˫ȴҡסЦˣҿǵ۵ĸѡ񲻸һ飬ԼҪ³ΣҶ˵㶼֪
ԣҲͣû˵ʲôȷҪż֮ȥøڻʸ˫󣬱Ͼƿܹӳ˵
ȴҪȥɱʥ۷ⲻѰ·ô̾Ϣ֪ȥڷƵǼһһ㣬Է嶯ɱʥ۷޴ľٶ
ȴû뵽ɱʥ۷ΪڷߣѾѽпʼˣ֪»ֱӵŸ
ʱڷߣѾǶһҽΪϴεΪϾһΣͷʥ۷Ķ֡
ʱ˿νѾͨľͷôһȺı󣬾ʱʱֳָһâĳڣЩ赲סǵȥ·
ƣаôųԼǰĶǸղŵΪҪľǣǰ޴ĺӰɲǼ򵥵Ļɫ
Ӧû⡣Цеص˱ȻǰĺõķʱסͨĶʣͷĶɷһԡ
ǾͶְɣ
һ̣ϵЦҲǻϵ췣֮ٶϱ֣ϸ΢ϵͷʥ۷ĶҲĿ¶ɵ֮ɫ
ͷʥ۷ȸղűʰһʥ۷Ҫǿϲ٣߾Ŀȥʥ۷Ѿ۳ʵ壬ǸղһֻʱӶǰʵ黯״̬
е㼬֣ҲûϵǶŲ췣֮˵ǺķһʱѡЦ
һ̣Ȼ֮ϸֳ޾âµ췣֮ƻһӡᣬϵâǻ۶
һس֣â֮۶֣ʥ۷Ķڿ֮ҲһǿظܵĿ֮ǵɫҲǱֳе㵨ӡ
𣡡
۶ԼǣڷƵϣʱʱʥ۷Ķƻƣʥ۷Ķ֮أݺݵս

֣ѸٵԷƵ֮ռ췣֮֮ͨУٴų۵Ĺâ
ʥ۷Ķ໥һۣ˻˽ƺǸоĿ֮Ȼؿʼں
һĻƵͫ׽ʥ۷ںһ𣬻ǶǿԼ췣ܹ֮ſסô
ٶȱĻҪ죬ûκγɣֱӵײںϵĶǰһģһµֱӵػһž޴âֱӵؽһ𣬿µ췣֮ϵصҪؽͷʥ۷


2020 ֶξ
ھԼŬڶЩͨʥ׶ѹƣֻȻЩʥ׶̫࣬һʱᣬֻǱطء
ƣ죬ɳŲסֽŵǧӿν˿ڷơ
е㼬֣Ҫ¡ɫصصΪӿ֪һâ֮УȻʥ׶Ϊʵ廯ԭ췣֮ĿƿνǴˣΪҪǣʥ۷Ȼںϣ
ͷʥ۷ںΪһ壬ʲôĿֲڣһҲ벻ҲĲǵڰ벽ۣ
Ȼв壬ȴƾյضԸһ벽۵Ķ³˼Ƭ̣ٶ۳һɫһĨЦȻһԸǣǾǾ
·ӡѸٵرòϵâٶ貶֣һ۶ڷƵĿ֮£ֱӵسʥ۷;֮С
Դŵڶ֣˹֮УҲǲûЧȻû۷ȴɹֹǵںϡ
΢΢ر˫оâ֮еʥ۷״̬ҲһѾֹںϣôҪҲʱѣǸӲ췣֮ƿء
˵ƶԸЩʥ۷ĶνǲѴܹ֮Ȼʸ˫ߣûôˣѾ˳˸˵״̬
ǰһȺĶɫҲǱò԰ޱȣһԵʥ۷ĸ
ղǶһͨʥ׶ûô࣬Ϊ׵ĵʥ۷ϣѾȫתΪʵʵ壬ҲǾ֮ɫ
鷳ˣĵʥ۷ĶɶѾ˲嶼ѾȫʵʻȸղΪԶԸ
ʸ˫ؿǰһȺҲǳһȷоõǰĵʥ۷ԶԸΣջЩʥ۷ʲô
ְɣʸ˫ϱٶɫâٶȱɫâͨ񾵱ʸ˫ٻ
𣡡
񾵳֮ͷʥ۷ǲŭһЩͨʥ׶˿־ζֱӵ˺࣬ƺԡ
ʸ˫ҪҲ̾һҲǱµͻʸ˫ͬһҴϣȻǲܲ
ʸ˫߶񾵣Ȼʱĵ۷ʥ׵ĶȴһۣȻֱӵؿʼں
죡ֹںϣһĻҲŭֱӵһ֮żأǿ໥ںϣɣøǿ
ĵʥ۷Ķںһ𣬻ΪʲôĴڣ벽ۣǡһ붼Ҷ룬ֱӵس֡
ʸ˫ɫø䣬ʱ޷ڴ߶񾵣ͼһĵ۷ʥ׵ĶҲǼΪ¡
һûпĵںϵʥ۷֮ʱǰĿռѾŤϣֱӵؽâȥЩͨʥ׶֮¡
ˣ鷳Ĵˡ־ŭһۻʸ˫֪ʱҲûа취֣Ҳһҧֱӵس
Բĵ۷ʥ׵Ķںһ
ǣ컹ûгԶαĵͣɫüΪ԰ףԼԴʹѣղŹֱӳ֣ȴЩóʲô
ڸղŵһ˲䣬Ӳسһĵʥ۷ʱͣٶ´ʱѾػԹȥˡ
ɶ񡭡ۣǴʱѾںϳɹĶавȴûκΰ취ֹǡ
𣡡
ĵʥ۷ںϣʱɣû̫ı仯ȫȫΪʵʻһ壬ɫĶڿУΧĿռǲϵظֳһȦȦƺĿ²ҲõƬռ䶼ܲס
ȻΪµĶں֮ضŻʸ˫ŭһһΪµǳֱӵ˻ʸ˫
ʸ˫ԱߵɫâϵƣһڽӴʸ˫֮ʣǱ棬ɫâͬһڣֱӵؼ


2021 ɱ
ɫâһײһ𣬿ռ䶼ǲϵԱߵҲܵһ˲ɢϣܶ
ۣ
һѪͬߵķһֱӵصɳȥɫֵؿŴʱѾΪһʥ۷۷
벽ۣ
Ȼûлʸ˫ǰǿᣬǰʥ۷ĶҲǱΨһĽǾ⣬ں֮ǰһѾǰ벽۵ľˣ
ôܣȻںϳΪ벽۵ľ磡ǲԼ۾벽ۣ½֮УҲǵ۵ĵʥԺʥ˴ﵽѣ
벽ΣһѣԶȲϻŵˣʸ˫Ǳ쳹𣬴ʱųµĲϵɫâ޷ֱӡ
Ĭʸ˫˵ûվذ벽۾磬ǿҲһƶѣҲ㹻µˣֳĻʸ˫ѹô
ʱڻʸ˫ǰһ˵ͳѪɫ¶֮⣬ʱѾǴﵽ˰벽۾ƺжĿ־Ѿࡣ
ӡ
ʸ˫ȵϵɫâȻؾе֮Уһ̣һ׳âȻγһӡЯſµȻ£
֮ʣż֮ضǷĶǷ˴̶񾵵ֿ²ż֮أ
ǸŮǷˣȻֳĶǲ֪ȻҲǸӦֿµĲļ֮ҲƲƲ죬мص
ʸ˫浱£ֳ½ҲΨдʦֺ͵ʥܹѹһۣķҲһ⣬ǵȹǶԼ˳֣ûĻᣡ
Цⲻǻзôյ췣֮Ǳǻʸ˫ˣûӵҲòɵôص߻ʸ˫Ůˡ
ǺǣΣջҪֳһһĨâ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ƺļѾǻָ˲١
˵ļѵѾָˣǰĶתŷƣʱƣڷƵһֻת䣬ת޷˵ȷʵʵظо
ӦòɡƿǰһŰʥ۷âҲ¶һĨЦݣֻҪʥ۷ôͻˮƬֻ֣ҪʱԼĻ˵ٶȻָһЩ
ңҲԼزЩʥ۷ϵˮƬΪĳ¶ˣǱЩʥ۷յ˲ŻγƬ
ЩƬػʸ˫Ҳ֪ˣ˵վΪһ
嫵ż֮أż֮ϵŸΪǿĲЩЩΪµĶǹȥʱ棬˽룬ҲδǾѣһΣ񾵶еȴһǽԴӳ˯֮оѡ
𣡡
ϵǰ̶ִһһЩſµľԶҲܹоõ
ɫ԰ףЩ֮£ܹܵõԼͬһɳСһΣνؽż֮ضƷ˹
嫵ǲûͬһǰ㣬ֱӵһУһ벽۵Ķ˴̶εɢȥȻ赲סӡ
һĻֱסˣȻܹܶ赲ס벽۾Ķ̫ˣ
ʸ˫΢΢üͷǽüͷҲǻɿΪˣӡȻ赲Ƕȴһ𽥵ֵסļ
ˣʸ˫̲סһȻƬ֮󣬺嫵ѹһеǰȥֱӵϯͨ
һ벽۾Ķǻں嫵ɫâ֮УҲǳһصڵϣȻԼĺȫ亹
嫵ѹһ벽۾ĶͬЩԶͨʥ׶Ҳֱӵһͬʱ֮ͨٶȻָš
ʸ˫ƣĿŲˮƬǴӵ֮УĿƬʸ˫һĨЦݡ
飡һҪõ֣


2022 ͬ

ʱӡһ䣬ٶϯȥڵķ򣬶Ǳ𣬶ͷʥ۷۳öˮƬҲС
ˮƬУҲֱӵرվԭأǼо˵ԺһӺըģļƬٶӿ֡
Ƭ̹ȥ֮󣬷ƻ˫ֹһĨâļѾǻָһˣԼ½Żʸ˫֮УһЩѾӡ󣬵ȴû
ƣָˣŷƣ֪ΪʲôʱķƿȥеΪһˣԭҪΪƵļ𽥵ѣǰʶʱһ˿ࡣ
ûУȥĻܹ뿪ż֮ؽȫָЦ˻ʸ˫ϰԵһĨɭȻĻȡ
飬Ҳһۣʼ磬ʱסǵЩѾǱƵֱ𣬵»صƵʱҲǿ˴ǰ治ԶһռУʱâ
ͨʲôطƲɵüͷǸռУ˹ȥǿߵӰ𽥵ӿһĨ
֪ǿԽԽż֮ˡɨһܣ˫Ӧһ
ڵҲż֮صΧղŻʸ˫ֿѾǽż֮صĴڶǾˣ̤ȥĻԸΪǿĴڣص˷Ƶϡ
ǿѡֻҪĵصȴռеٶȿǾܹص֮Į룬Ҳ²ⲻʲô
룬ԭصȴ
˵߶˷Ƶϣ񣬱ϾΨзƵΪǿһ췣֮ѰĶ޷赲Ƭ̡
ƿһҲҪ룬ϾֻҪƬ࣬ôͶԼļָŸİԼ֪ЩƬƺһ˲õĶ۶ɣԼŲСĹϵʶҪõһ
ңܹ򵽣ػʸ˫ҲͬܣȻҲ᲻ϧŶƺƴĶ
̫Σˣʥ۷ӦñˣԼһ˽ȥˣǷŸһȥƴ
Ƭ̹󣬷ƻصɨӹˣ¶һĨЦݵҪΪҵ飬ǵýȥ
Ƶ˼ԣҪһ˽ȥż˵Ҳ̾һɫĪһۣƺʲôһ㡣
ˣǻǸɣ㣬ᱻЩĥɫƽص
԰ôһģӦѰɣôԼһ˽ȥأɡ
ֻЦЦ˵ҡеȣ˵ı̬ȻҲǵͬı̬ȻһģжԷֿȥðյĵ
ƿǰˣҲ̲סЦ˵ʵˣûԼ޷ż֮ػȥΪ½ͷ֮һԺǿ֮һûе㱣ֶΣ˵ȥҲš
ˣҲڵԼȥʲô⣬ȻҲǽԼȥָоһĨů⣬Ժ֮иֹܶӰǵãǰҲйôһȺˣܹԼͬ
ǾͽȥɡҲǲ˷̫ĻȻ˶˵ˣԼܾǾǽˣƿɲˣһ£Ժ𽥵ظĹۣȵۺϺܶࡣ
ţ߰ɣԺܹż֮سˣ࣬뵽ż֮˵ҳȥҲܸʦǴһˡ޳ܵЦŵ
˰㣬ʦû׼
״̬£һУ𽥵߽˿ռ֮Уż֮
ʱڻʸ˫һߣͬҲǳһУͬҲǳ첻ͬʸ˫ִҪȥ
ѡ񲻽ȥȴȰ費ҵľʸ˫ĮȻؿһ죬ںߵĲȰ裬
ԣҲԣ֪˵ʲôĬƬ̣Σǲȥż֮ģ۵ļأû˿Ի
Ҿ⣡ʸ˫ʱһ죬ֱӵؿ߽ȥ˿ռУվԭɫĪڿǷȥƬ֮վǵ̾һѡ֮෴ķȥ


2023 żػ
Էһ˿˿ռ֮УǻعʱȴѾһãӦ֮ͨкڰǣһʱ֮оһƬ貵âǷƣҲɵ˫
ʲôط˫ӦͻȻǿ⣬±ǿΧǺΰĽҲǾ㵵ʧе
˫ҲǻһƬɫɨӶΧԼһ̻Ի͵Ĵ֮УͬĻңޱȵΧʯڿڴߴһ֮һɫâֵӰ
ż֮صƽüͷ񲻶ϵɨܣ֪ΪΣܸоĵ㲻Ծĸоһжһ̫ʵĸо
Ҳ֪Ժ͵ۣûйżļء֮ɫŹż֮صļأնʧʷĳ֮УӴ֮Ҳû֪ż֮صʲôһôĵط
ȵȣСĵΪҵĸоܲסϸȫ˾״̬ԼֱȻҲ˵طﲻס
ȻʱһɣԵ֮õ÷Ƶ˶͵̧ͷֱӵضǸߴĻΪﴫġ
΢ϣȻҴ֮أ֪
ƺ˶һҲע⵽ǽɫ֮ϵӰȴû뵽Էʵشڣһʱ֮䣬ҲûзӦ
Ϣǿ
ɫȻһ䣬оԷϢǳذ磬ԼĴʦ϶δӦõɴ˿ԿӰ֮ͨ
ܹż֮ֵˣǼ򵥵ȥ
˭
ɫޱ仯ֱӵһͷųǿƣֱӵһӰͷųѹսһ޾κΡ
ƾƣȫ޷ѹƣ
ż֮صػߣǾȻҴŵ۵ĳ˯
ڽɫ֮ϵӰ˷ŭֱӵվµѹӸ߿£ϯ˵ɫȻرò԰ףһָоԼӰǰͬһϣ
ż֮صػߣ
ɫ㵣ǵܣż֮Ѿǲ֪˶ãôػߣУҲȻ죡
ϣȻңɫӰϣ֮ͬϵͬ£ޱȣ޷ֹͬˣȻ֮£ֱӵزվȣһҪµ̬
ÿ˵˫ȶڴΪûзƸߣȻҲǲͬһɫ磬ֿµǰǲòͷ
߾
һٶȿһսȼն޾ѹεս⣬𽥵سãǽɫӰѹγ˿⡣
ŷƵĳ֣ҲǶȻص˵ϣͣشڴŴɫΪز԰ףղѹνĺܿ£˵֮еĴۣҲ˰ɡ
㾿˭ȻװŪЦŶԷʲôż֮ػߣ
ż֮شڲ֪жˣʱ֮У𽥵䣬ʧԷǿȴûиԼѹȸУǿᵽֵزͳֽԼ˸ɱڴ˵أǻ֮ķϻ

߿մͬ׹˸оɫȻ̧ͷǷһӰȻǻ뿪˻֮Уɫڼٵ۳͡
ף
ʧɫڽɫӰߵİ𽥵γһͬϸ߰Ľɫâϵܡ
ż֮ߣ
ɫӰͬеֱӵضŷ˶ΧĽɫҲԽԽ࣬һ״ޱȵؿ£
췣֮
׽ŽɫӰӿֳһֵĸоΪζԷȻҲܹ췣֮иоﲻԾ˵
䡭
Ƭ֮öǲϵػľףͬ龰Ŀȥɫ׻һͬģڰ֮вϵǼ䣬ö˲ϵ
ҵҪ㵽ΪηʥɫüΪأһ̣ͬҲ۵ɫâԼ֮Ȼر˵貵ɫâ˵ɫâѸٵڻΪģڷƵߡ


2024 
ɫ׳ڴϷͬγһƲ㣬ޱȵؿ£֮Ű˵˿塣
ɫףûȻ˿£Щżػߵʲôͷﾪ㵵૵
˵֮У֮п飬ӵпԴݻһеԺһЩ鼮Ųٹϵ׵ļأҲ֪׵Ŀֲ֮
˺󡣡Ƴͷףƿ췣֮ʲô˺ȼ˾ͲС
𣡡
һŭȻؽɫ֮ը죬ڽɫ֮У۳һͷͻӰȫɽɫۣһֱǻХѣ
֮оȻʥ
˽ʧɫеƿһĻɵüͷв룬Īǻܹ飿
䣡
һ죬ɫ׷Ȼը֮һ̶ķ𣬽ɫչɳ񻢵Ա
ƵɫøΪأΪղľˣȻͷƲȴ֪ͬһ㣬ֱӵһͷˣ
ȻʱԶԶûнһٶ𣬽ɫײϵطһӴǻƲ֮̽޴ͷ­֣Ȼף
ҿһỹɣ¶˿ŵɫ˼ؿϷƲ㣬ǰһľ
ҪЩҲǷӦЩƲǳŹ֣ʲôһһسֳ
Ȼʱͬ˵һͬɽӰԽɫ֮Ȼ䣡
ҡ˿ĳ֣һҲٶ˺һξ룬бֿ״̬˿һһۣ¶һۣǿɾˡ
ƷģԼȥ˽ɫҲֹͣ˷ˣ񻢣䣬Ĵʥ޽֮Խ̺޿ƥеĿ
̧ͷһĨâ˵ȥʥɱһ
ɫΪ£ʥ޶ӵмµƻ֮öڲɫɫһâ໥ײһ
˵Ŀֲһӱն˲ɫĵƺػҡһӹ󣬱סˡ
ɫֹâ໤֯һ𣬰˵ϣʥɱһ𣬲ϵɢâ
ƲûйעͷĽâ֯ǽעһӰɫΪء
ܹݻ˿µףֻҪ֮ʥޣһؾֻȫû˵
ĪǴۼĶ
ôһͷȻϾǸоˣȻϣһ̣ѹɫ֮Ȼ¡
˶ޱȵؾ̫ǿˣֱԺĴʦҲûа취֮ȡ
һΰģӰԽɫ֮иֶòģ壬ɢŶصĲڹ֮۵Ϣ
ƿЦãԼղвһͷѣݻһӰ
һӰΪ
дһʺţ˵ż֮أǿߵʬ壬֮⣬Ƕ
оɲ˵ż֮أܴӵµܹԻ֮һС
ͻȻ֮䣬һż֮أĳҲΪŻŶγɣĪӰһйأ
뵽˫΢УⲢǲûпܣʵվôҪԼȥһһӰ
һ̣ƵӰһ˲뿪ԭأ˰գֱǻ֮ء
ƵľٶһģӰЦûκζֻƣָŷơ
ԻĵӰЯſޱȵƺȻ£ơ
ԴۣȻһԻӰƲκδ⣬ս죬˿η壬ֱӵػȭ
䣡
һӰȻͬҲͬƳŷƶ֣ʱȭͷڿͬװ
ۣ
³һѪͬߵķһ㣬ֱӵصڵϣ˿һĻʧ
ȿȡ
ƻʾǲùţõԼߵѪ̧ͷǰ֮еĵӰҲһĨȻɫ
ԭˣȻǶ˾֪ʲôԾĵط
Ѿǲ²⵽⵽ôһ¡


2025 
Щ⼸֮ĶһеĹؼǻ֮ϵǵӰΪ˶ʶ˷Ƶ췣֮
ӶֳɫףٵʥޣǵӰһһؾֻڽֵһ˲䣬Ѿǲ˲֮
һӰеȴû˿־嵽仰˵ϻƤǣͲʲôĴۣ
Ϊ֤Լ룬ҲɨӹһӰٶʥ֮һ룬ȻһνɫȴûκηӦ
ӵЦԽԽʢżԺֲ֮ʥǿߣһЩµ޵ȵȣһ⣬ɫ֮жûκεķӦ
ٺ٣Ҿ˵
ƳХսϣٶȶһӰȥţֻҪӰնɱˣܹȥһߡ
䣡
սĲ֮£ǿʼԵӰϵعȻǰӰֻеûӦʵͱֱӵرּ壬Ʋһڵڵսη壬춼壬οһֻеĵӰ
ҺֵǣƵĶôԷĵӰҲǲһĶ˶ɱһ˲Ѿǽٻغϡ
ӰǽɫÿһĹЯ˼ΪµĽɫâɻڷƵϣȴǶ첻ɶϰ
ֱͬ۶ɫâÿɫ׻֮еʱ򣬶ᱻɫһЩµƾǿᣬҲ˲㱻߽⡣
飡
ÿһŵӰƶǷӳǿµսձӰдﵽ˵棬ִӵ˰ա
ڼ䣬һֱҪͻƵӰķֱӵسǻĸÿͷӰƺһ㣬ֱӵ˸ߣ˹һһε÷Ƶա
̫Ѳˣ
˽սѾԼĪ˰СʱƽһɶһЩ΢٣˫΢УһӰкΡ
ʱĽս˵Ҳһ޴ģȥҲһ취Ƴͷ˵ĵɫʥɱһ𣬿¶ʱǲֳʤ
ͻȻһЩɢƬΣԺ֮һЩҵļƬһ˻ɫ˫Ӱֱ֮طģȥУ
ǡô
ƾɣ֪ΪΣԼ֮ҲӿֳһָоƺǾԼһƱ˫ŬȥӰһС
ǣô룬Ժֻǵ˸ЩƬΣҲĳַӦǾͺʲôĤԼ޷һ硣
֮ǻûгɹҲǷ뷨Щϧ֪ԼֻҪЩܹøΪǿ
ڷƵڳ췣֮ͻսһֶΣ֮⣬Ϊ𣬻ڵܵĳֽ޷ʩչ
뵽ˣԼһ˲УǼˣӦÿԳһ£
һ֣ȵµ񣬵ӰΪǳƽҶԷûκģԼ֮оʹ·硣
ҲһۣҧɵӰĵ˲סǣǴ粽Уٲά衣
ۡϢͬǧʯڵѹ֮£̧ȶ
ƿһĻҲеΣϾÿһ˶㣬սһԳܣ˾Ͳˡ
סֻҪǵһƳХϣ˲ٶŵӰ֯һ
˴ʱνǼΪǱǵӰȻûӦΪѹȴʵʵĵʥ׵ǿ˵ѹ
ۣ˶޷һÿ϶𽥵ӿһĨʡ
ҪǹһΣȻȴһζ
ҾͲˣվǰҲһˣжȻŭȣתսһȾеľ糤ϡ
ˣ
һ̣һͬİ罣âǳϣջǳˣֻʩչһͬķһе˶̱ڵϡ
âϯϾ죬Ƶֹһ쳹ҲǴɫǵͨ죬еĳǹȻرһ
Ҳǽֻ֣Ƕͬһ㣬ƺþȫʩչһεĹ


2026 һн
ʩչ˸ԵĹȻܶԵӰ첻κε˺ڷ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
΢΢һǴλãһƵâԼǹâҲǶȻ٣ֱӰǰ
Ӱûжֱӵػȭȭֱӵؽ˺Ĺػ⣡
䣡
Ժ仯ޣ׵رƽ⣬ʱ򣬷ѾʧԭأᣬǻķĿһӰ
ӰƺܻӣȴǷֲ˷ƵӰֱӵ̧ͷ˷ڿµӰ
𣡡
ӰŭҲǽŷƶȥƵĶȴǱˣһת۵ʱ䣬ƾѾǻĸ
һģӰʱҲǱڷƾԽԽʱ궯ϢԽԽǿңƺʲôҪԼں֮
ˣ
Ȼ֮£һӰƺҲӦѸٵغˣƽ֪ҪӰǺηʥʱӰƺΪŷƵĿĳЩ仯
һǿϵӰڣϢõ÷ƶΪ֮һ㶣Ȼǰʥ۷ڵƬһģһϢ
һâֱ֣΢΢̧һɫ貵â˲両ֱ֣Ӱȥ
췣֮ƶ˲һӰڴʱӰҲǽŷƺݺݵؾһȭ¡
꣡
ƶȻתͬһȭ֮ԿעȴһֱһģӰ췣֮ڵػ˺ߡ
ˣ
췣֮ӰһģӰȻһͣ٣ǿµ췣֮֮£Ȼرģ
Ƭ֮Ӱ𽥵رģֳһ̻תӣһĻһĪż֮صĹŹһԴͷ
Ȼ룬ӰĹҲٶȵ˵屻ɶµؽڵϡ
ûмйüͷ˼Լ֮УԺ뵽һЩȴǼΪģ
ż֮أҪֶ깥ôΪһеԴͷҲǿصӣӵеӦҲǹϵһ档
΢˫ɨӶɫȻĳصףΪĳ֮£ȫֻˡ
ҲܣֻҲƣǷƵ췣֮ٵ׺ʥޣеӰһжΪƵŻ֡
ôǶ˵ֻҪȥ룬ЩͲֻӵеȴޱȵع죬Բ׽ԺĶӶѡǿ־Ķоֻ
˵Ƶ֮ؾӵ췣֮һǵģӶݻΪɫס
ƿز췣֮ݱΪǵһͬر֣Żʥ޵ĳ֡
ڣӰΪ뵽ֽ׶вĴڣǾǴۣ
뵽ͻȻһȻЩڽǵôԼȥ룿
ֻҪ룬ЩӰʥޣɫ׶ʧô
ҡͷȻǲܵģٻһǶ˼Щ֮Կ£ΪԼµĶĲ£ôЩǷԼ첻κ˺
뵽ҲһؼȻһжôֻҪԼвη壬ôӵȻҲǶЧ
Ҳǽüͷ뵹Ǽ򵥣ȴǲôף÷˵ԵһӰȻûд۰ʵҲԾסԼˡ
΢΢˫ıһƬԼż֮أԼĵһӰԼ
һ̣ƻǰ˹ȥô˫ֱӵǰԵӰ
һĻ¶ɫΪƴʱֳ״̬ʮֵع죬Ϊ깥֮ġ
УҪסصɲۿŷ
ãǱǱסˣҲѾ뵽˶ԸӰİ취һĨâҲǲ²⵽ͼ
ɡɫҪ֪ԵĿһӰֱӵ߹ȥ˿ֶζδʩչⲻô
ǾĵȴͿˣ˵ҲûǸơҡҡͷʩչһй󣬽ǺľڵҪŵӰĵѾҲûκȥս
ʱǾֱӵǰ˫ɫƽӰľҲԽԽ


2027 ļᶨ
һĻˣڷƽӽӰʱǷϵҲ𽥵ƽʥҲǶȻر˵ɱ
ע⵽һĻǲؿŷƵıӰΪλᷢһĻǿؿδκζôᡭ
˶ԸЩĶľϣ˵ﲻԾĵطɫƽͷ˼Ƭ̣ǻص
Ծĵطɻؿ
׳գѵڻûвﲻԾôҲûصͨĵطôʲôͳʲôĵط϶ĳ֣ƴʱѾǿ
ʱ򣬷Ѿ˵Ӱǰʼնû˫ɫΪƽ㲻ֱ˹ȥƺǰûеӰĴڡ
һ̣˾㵵ٶȷǿƿֲĵӰȻûκεضͬûпƵĳ֣Ҳǲõֶµĵ𽥵ʧ
Ǹоû𽥵ؼϲؿԼ壬ʱ֮Уٶͬӿ֣˿ûǰΪѹƲֲ˳ĸо
꣬СһҲŷƣһһ
ܿ죬ƱֱӵԽ˵ӰһӰȴһֱվĶδԽ˵Ӱ˻ĸٶȿһģӰ
ȻҲ֪˭ѾǱҿƴʱǻ˫ǰģӰЦ
ģӰͬҲûκζŷƶӣһ̣ĵñǿʼ˲˾㵵ؿΧ֪顣
ƵǻһĨ΢ЦȻͬԼǰ㣬һеԴͷҲǸģӰйأż֮صжΪĴڡ
ɫ𽥵ɢʥ޴ʱѾǳ׵ɢһӰˣƬռ䶼ǻŤ
Ƭ֮󣬽̻Ի͵İʧˣȡ֮һֺڰ˷֣ԼȻһڵķ䣬ܶǱʯﻹŸղһĻ
ЩףʥޣӰȫʧˣͬûгֹһ㣬ŵİ˵ҲǷ赽Ƶߣʼ𽥵û֮С
ô£ʧصƺ޷һС
ˡȷӦųһâ𾪵ص̤ǸռпʼǾһжٵģһУҲʵǼ˶ǱǵӰϷˣˡ
˵ֶȴܹȻϢظԼɳ˶ǳ˻þɵصһж̫˼ˣֱ޷š
ûҲΪһ㣬ܹƽЩ˶ʵ֮Сصص
ʲôͷȻȻϢط깥ǸղֵܵҲʵһؾ̾仹治УνǴû½ֹ
ԺǿΪʲôнûˣǿ͸Ǹһ֣亹ʥǿ߶δ֣̫
ҲǼ򵥵˻þǲ֪һУҲڻþ֮ʵ֡ҳ˼һ£صûз֣ȿʼֵĽɫףΪǶԷƿص췣֮оɵԳˣʥ޸뵽˷յİ˵飬ڵӰ¾Ƿ֮ҲΪʲôһӰӵеûӦΪΪƸܹûмŵĴۣ
һжˮʯԭǾһжǻþ
ʱ򣬷ʵ𣬵ûֻǸоﲻԾĵطǵ󣬲Ƿһ㣬ȻЩΪôֻҪǲȥ룬͸˱ʣôһҲͶԼûκ壬ΪЩڵĶ˺㣿
󣬷ƵģӰϣЦ֪ö˵ĻѾǱƽ⣬ûĻô½Ҫ¶Ŀˣ
£Ʊ͵ؿһ˵ٶ֮ƣһģӰƼΪغƴ


2028 
˵ƺƵϯģӰ֮ɫâƿռ䣬һغۼһ˲䣬ǰΧסģӰ
ǰׯģӰʱûκζǾվţǳȴǷִʱģӰȻǿʼر
Ȼ֪ʲô飬üͷ΢壬ƻһģӰݺݵһգ
˵ͬһ㣬ûκεֱͣӵضģӰȥǼ䣬貵ɫâҫڰķ䣬ͬա
˵ٶΪһ壬Ϊһ򣬽һģӰ׵ذסֲ췣֮ڲϵصǿҵĲȻʱ򣬷ƿظ֪һӰ
ǰ˵ƺҲ޷һ̣״ڲϵرãƺһּΪµڳͻƵ췣֮
ɫ΢䣬ǿ췣֮γɵ򣬴ʱĳһ㿪ʼñһƻɫâ𽥵ͻƶ͸Ǳһ㣬ģؿһԲ飬ӰѾɢˡ
ߣһôһҲ̤ҪԳֽ飬Ҫ⵽ʲôȻӵ˿µ
˰һҽⶫӡ
ƴˣֱӵؽ֮УŷƵĽ룬ĹâȻһµƻ֮ΧĿռ䶼ǿʼ𽥵Ť
췣֮׳ԲȻҲûĿܣϾ췣֮Ϊµ˭棿
һۣҲǵ˵ͷѸٵطɢͬλã¶˽ɫ߲ϵɨӶҲǷǳż֮أΨһܹ÷˼ɵģֻǸлʸ˫Ůˡ
ʱ췣֮γɵ֮Уƶ룬ԴԴϵ췣֮֮ӿֶǰһɫӣͬ۰Сڲϵתš
תḶ́ΧҪסâϵرƺһػӣ췣֮ڶݵʱ޷зӡ
飿
ֱʱǿӵģԺ֮Īֹôһȴ˿ûκι飬Ψһͬǣ֮еĪ궯ٶȵس֡
ô£ɫ㵣Լ֮ڣ궯ֹһǴԼҪ
ƲڵĲԾҲǻر˫ͼȥӦڵ궯
һ̣Ժһ죬ʲôѿһ㣬ɫâͬԼԼǰ
˫ԼǰɫҲǱþȣ飬ʲôΪʲôҲУһţ
ֱʱ򣬷֪Ϊʲôż֮ػԼڲӦԭΪĴڣԼʧȥ˼֮󣬲ǵҲĴڡ
ĿԼǰϵתһִδֹƸܵһ̩ȫë׶ǲſھ
ĲգƵԺ֮Ҳһغ죬ؼƬϵԼԺֶ֮Ƭĸ֣ƵԺҲһִʹĸо
һΣǰһʹ÷һΪµڣʹ𽥵ؼᣬ벻ʹûԹȥ
Ժֹ֮ĻԽԽ࣬ƵɫҲ𽥵رƽĿųɫâ˶ǰУɫĹâǴ͸˴۵ɫâõػҲΪ֮Ѿ𾪵ؿɫâ֮ʱʱֵɫâ
Ǽһﵽʲôüͷÿζųϵľٶ
ӦǷĳЩʱż֮صĶ¶ʧˣΪһеԴͷڷӡУȻҲǲҪκεġ
ɫ¶һɵЦݣһγȥ֮󣬿ǿõԺΪ֮Ȼ˿Իż֮߳ǰδе׳ٰ
ϣʸ˫ǸǲְɡҲǵ˵ͷ˻ʸ˫ˣҲһɺ⣬ǿɾһԼǲĴڡ
죡ͬʱȵѻ˵ûǻʸ˫ĳ֣ʹˡ
Ȼڴʱ֮ٶȻسһУ˵ɫȻرѿ


2029 ʸ˫
ռлתţһӰֶһӰʱ뿴ˣҲ̾һԹؿһ˵ʲôãҪ˵ʸ˫ˣһ¿ɺˣ˼ˡ
Ǹ⡭ʱֱԼݺݵعһƣ˵ʲôãƫƫҪ˵ʸ˫֡
ʸ˫֮˲ۼһͬٴ۰ؿŻʸ˫ȴǷ֣ûһ𣬲ɵɡ
أʸ˫֮󣬿ˣҲɫ΢䣬ɨӶܣȴûзַƵӰҲֹɻ
ʲôĪôЦеشȤ˵嶼ǱȻԻʸ˫ûκεʤ㣬ǶŻʸ˫ԷƳ֡

һ¼ֱǻʸ˫еһ̣ǰһֱջ𣬵еɱҲѹֲסֱӵشһɫâֱŶȥ
ˣ׼еľʥγƵĽ֣ԱߵҲѸٵسֹ֣˹赲סǱɫâ
䣡
һ죬ɫâִĹһöΪ֮Ƭ̹˵ɫǱ࣬ʸ˫һɫâȻֱӵ˵ĹٶȲԼ˱
߾
һٶȴһ˫˫ײ˵ǵصԶʸ˫âҲ𽥵ڿС
˾Ȼܹ赲Լһʸ˫Ҳһɫ˲䣬ɭȻΪʥʦܣҾͲҶ֣ɱ㣡
ȿȡ
˻վЩѪЦеصɱǣͶˣǷϻࡣ
㡭
ʸ˫ûɱȻ֣ȴֽرѹȥȷͬ˵ԲܻɱȻԺŭ𣬼ǵʥҲɵ
ң
ʸ˫ȵҪسƣɸõ֣첻Լ߸ţǻɸҲõʥ
Ϊһ˵ô¶˵Цݣûʸ˫Կûط
ʸ˫ɫø䣬߱ע⵽ǰ֮еҲһǷƵ췣ֿ֮µļƻ֮ɵĲⱲӶ
棿ʸ˫΢УɫâڣԼؿâ֮УһӰ
ֻЦһЦû˷վվ˻ʸ˫ǰЦŵȥǾͲǵʬ壡
ʸ˫¶һĨɭȻЦݣģƾӦˣҵĶ֣αҪ뵲
ôϻȥҲøһۡһеĻɫǹֱŻʸ˫û˿ıá
ȻִԲҲǽЩϸʸ˫ȵϵɫâȻظ֣һ̣屩
ڻʸ˫ʩչһ̣ͫױǶȻһΪԼȻ޷׷϶Էټٶ̫죬޷׽
ˣ
ɫأеľ罣ȻٶȻӳƵĽϯܣͼƳʸ˫ӰȻһжͽ޹ʸ˫ͺʧһ㡣
ΧʯȽݲ֮£ҲǾر̮ȴûпʸ˫Ӱ
ʱͻȻŭȵС󣡡
ҵһ˲䣬жȻһֲȻûӦǴһּΪµ
˵ˣǾǲϣƾҲң
ʸ˫ĮȻĶһ̣صرɳȥڿвϵ³Ѫֱӵص˵Զĵ֮ϣһ֮£ֱӵسˡ

ҿҲŭȵһ̣ɫǹӰֱ̳գ˻ʸ˫üġ
ǻ̫ˣʸ˫Цֻɫâؾ𣬽֮ǹӰǰ
ˣ
ǹâʱͣٶסԭǻʸ˫ƾһƣѾ赲סĹƣ
ˣ
ɫȻһ䣬ȻΪʱɫâٶȱֱӵؽǹˣһΪֱӵسˣ


2030 
Һ屻ɫâݺݵػУͬߵطһ㣬ֱӵرɳȥ޻֮
顱飡
صصڵϣȳʺѪҺʸ˫һʧȥսĶҲ۶ϣʱ֮ڸ޷
ʸ˫ĮȻؿˣʥϣȡǲһһֱȥԺȻǿλʥףҲǺ⡣
˵Щ֮󣬻ʸ˫תˣ￴˸޷вοˣ
̧ͷһžâʸ˫׽ʱʱֵɫâҲһü壬ϳǾصĹâ
˵عȻһ飡ʸ˫аûв²󣬵ǳϵǣƾȻǿһȡ֡
ʸ˫ǲϵ˸âƬ֮ɫ㣬Ϊоͼ飡
ʲôû֪Ǵ˵֮УߣܹɾͳҪ֪ҲҪΪµ绪ھأǰվữһ
ǣ鲻һӵصӵг֮ЧһΣԼŷ飬ԼϧܣԵ
½ȴû뵽ȻҲܹѰҵ飡
ɲ˵ջ̫ˣǻʸ˫Ҳǿųż֮شʱѾ¶⣬һҪᵽ֣
ĿǰƺǲΪƲ֪ΪΣҪһطҪ֪ǶܹԸЩʥ۷ƼɥʧʲôԸ
һãûʥ۷壡ʸ˫аǱʶزԸԼƣһ档
ʸ˫˸ɫâƬ̣һƻγɣ飬ż֮ص飬飬ɸԼ˵ʲôؿЩԼ֮ۡ
ƣʸ˫϶Ȼɫâ˰һâϵɱڼٵֻۣؿŻʸ˫˷ƣȴû˿ʱǣڳ˻ʸ˫һվûС
ʸ˫ٶȺܿ죬תۼ䣬ѾĸͬϸһɫâڲϵĴߣܣγһµ׳â˸֮̾
ڻʸ˫˵ȴ㲻ʲôЩâ޷˺֣ǻûпֱӱɢ
򣬻ʸ˫ӿɫâЩ۵ɫâ𽥵رȻȴˣ֮У룬ǰɢɫâڻתš
飡
ʸ˫ʱˣû뵽Ƶϲֹһ飬ţ
뵽ʸ˫еɱΪŨȴǼɵŶԷ췣֮û΢Уǲ˸âʲô취Դȥ

ŷâ𽥵رøܼҲǸΪش̶ˣʸ˫֪䣬±ǰ಻סָָ⴦۳һɫâ
ಣ
ɫâΪ£ڻʸ˫֮£ֱӵر֮ռ䶼ǷЩЩâֱӵرݻ٣û˿ͣ١
ɫâ߳ʱһֱδ˫ķƣȴǶȻ˫ֱۣӵرâɫââ֮С
ʸ˫
ƻؿڵĮȻоȻҲͬһĨɱ⣬עɫ𽥱Ļʸ˫
Ȼָ˼䡭ʸ˫ͬӹâɵֽգƵ̬ȻѾָ˼䣡һ£ͳ״̡
ôһĨ΢ЦŻʸ˫һһصȻܻǳҵϡ
ʸ˫ķָŷƵ㣬ȻǲϧҪԱ㣬ν½Ҫɱ㣬ɸȡֻ֣ҳɵˣܹ»ص磡
ɵۣЦֱŻʸ˫ɭȻصûᣬһƴһҲҪնɱ
£ɱ췣֮øӵؿ£ʯҲĴ췣֮ǰر


2031 
ƵɱεͷŶǵˣԼϧһԱ֮󣬱͸𣬲ٸϣɸĴڣȴǳǽ΢֮Ϻˮ¶ˣΪԼ
뵽һ㣬нһֱߵĳ嶯һжǰĻʸ˫һɣռ䣬ȵĽɱûⳡɱôһжᷢ
ڸղŵ໥תʱ򣬹һĪ𽥵ָ˼䣬һԼҲδϵģѼҲֻһЩˣѾԶ뿪Լʸ˫վҪȡƵĮޱȣ֮ͬдǰǰᣬǻʸ˫֮Ҳɵǻһ
ʸ˫΢УܿǷ˲׵ĵطƶɱ֮ȴǳٳûж֣Ȼԭʸ˫֮߱ϡ
飡
ʸ˫Цԭ飬֮ǰһֱǱԼ֮УȴûиκηӦֱգѰҵż֮صһö֮ջ
ʱķĹؼʱ̣޷κζһȴǱʸ˫֪
Ҳʸ˫ЦȻƻָ˼䣬һеֲǴʱƸ޷ɱ֮Ϊ˻ᣡ
ȻˣҾʹΪˣ
ʸ˫ЦϵɫâȻðӿҪֱӵش֮Уƻɱ
ʸ˫ľٶɫҲ𽥵ر䣬ȷֻǱΪҪ飬ȻֱָӶˣȵڡ
ҪɱңûôףЦһ췣֮γɵǶȻزϱһִ׻ǱֱŻʸ˫ȥ
ղ
ʸ˫Ҳ֪ԼĻᣬǲգԺ󶼸ӲֻȴԼҲǻִɫâؽЩԼ׻¡
췣֮ٶȶԿ˵ͬעӲע֮䣬ȻҪһ
ǿҵɱɫâ׵סʸ˫壬ѵһһ׻ӿ֮ǰС
췣֮Ȼ㣬ǴʱƸ޷ݸ췣ֻ֮ǵش߶е췣֮ΪֶΣ˻ʸ˫Ҳ֪һ㣬Ż᲻һҲҪնƣ
ӣ
ƿŻʸ˫˲һУҲǰȴû˿ķɣͬʱƳһǻԼǰ֮ת飬ûɣʱԲͣ
ңĹ֮УƺĳԼ֮УһЩ֮ģǷҲǼΪز˽⣬ֻ֪˻ó
׳ֱ۰׻֮в˸Ǿڻʸ˫ϵɫâվЩ׻췣֮γɣּµƻ֮ɲǿЦġ
ǻʸ˫ҲֵƬ̣Ǹо粽УԽԽ׻ǿʼ𽥵ػϵɫâ
޷ƶֻȵȴɣʸ˫޷ǰֻǴЩ췣ֻ֮еǸʱԼܹȥֶΣ׵ؽƻɱ
˲ñý˾
İɣǺεȶƾҲܹôʸ˫ɫڱǷ̵
Ƴһۣһӣʲô£㲻Ҳɱҵôҵš
ʸ˫շȭҲߵ㲻ҲҪɱҵôôͷڹһϳ
ʡɣּ˵ûκáҲôʸ˫ŮˣעͶ֮С
ò˵ĴںأǷƣ췣֮ΪֹҲû飬ֻǸоԼûκεų⣬Ҫ·ƻûǸ
ʱƣɫâʼ𽥵ǲϽڻʸ˫ԱߵЩ׻Ҳ𽥵رһ㣬ǽõգȻؿʼЩ΢ı仯
үʼնڰҡʸ˫ЦԸоõʱƾԻû飬ȻΧǰŷЩ췣֮ʼƬ֮󣬾ҲûκζԼ


2032 
Ǽͬɽһ㣬ֶ£ֵزʸ˫Ըٵȥֱӵضݻ췣֮
䣡
һĵͳը췣֮ϵڽ໤ײΧĿռ䶼ּΪµ
һǰ飬µͲһˣֻҪٶһʱ䣬ȫ֮еһЩܣҲǻᱻ֪
ؽϣԼʩչ췣֮ȴ𽥵¶ɢļΪһֱڴ߶е췣֮ʸ˫ҲҪ췣֮
ģаֹͷţغһ£Լľ»ָר־顣
ȫȻ˴ʱ췣֮ڻʸˬ֮£ԽԽʱ˿̣ڷƵֻǰɫӣЯ޾ɱĻʸ˫Ҳ޷
ҵҪ컹ҿ죡ʸ˫ŷ̬Ҳ֪һֻҪ飬֪ᷢʲô飬أ֪İء
ͷʸ˫ɫâԽԽ貣ϵػµǽ಻췣֮𽥵رĥţһ˿˿ر
ڣ֮һ˿âɢǿƿµ췣֮Ҳȫɢʸ˫һĨЦݣȻʱûйȫͶڽ飡
ɢɫâڲϵתţһһµӿƵȫڴͬʱڷƵԺ֮УһЩ塣
Щޱȵɬȫ޷˼ֻһЩС֣ûм֣ȴǴʲô˼
ȻҲһ֣ķĶĥ޷⣬÷֮еĳִУֻȫ飬ܹЩ嶼ʲô˼
ҵģ
ʸ˫ʱɱ⣬ͬҲض飬ӰȻ˸ڰ֮¹һɫӰ˲Ϣ󣬾Ѿǳ˷Ƶߡ
䣡
ɫâϯʸ˫Ŀ겻ǻɱƣҪûȡ֣
ɫâסһ˲䣬Ƶ˫ɢɫâӣһ˲û֮С
ɫâڶ£һµΪ嫣һڳûκ֮»УûκζĻᡣ
ƣ
˵ԶˣһĻҲʧ
ûõģӲҵģ飬ɸҵģʸ˫˫죬ϵЯž˵ɱ⣬ϵ¡
䡭
ɫ裬ڵһƬռ䣬Ѿǳױ֣Żʸ˫ʶŷƾ֮ͨܣһҲǶȻӲһش³
ǿȵĹʮӣʸ˫ǴŴͦղһ˲䣬ҪԸƣ뵽˷ƵĹ֮ûж񾵣Ͼǿ൱Լĵơ
ɫ裬õһƬռ䶼ǳ׵˻ңѺʸ˫΢Уضʧ췣֮ɱٶͬһӿֶ

һ˿췣֮֮󣬻ʸ˫ҲǶȻؽִһɫâ񾵱ٻµ˲ֱܱӵϯǽ˵˶ֱӵɡ
񾵼ʸ˫һĨЦݣȻһ̣ϵЦݱסˣΪǺ嫵ɫâڷƵͷϵʱһĨɫĹâȻǴӷƵ֮б
䣡
ɫâϯһֹϵϢϢǰδţҲ赲ʸ˫׵壬ؿɫâԼ
ɫâٶȷǳ죬쵽ʸ˫Ӧʱ䶼ûУǣɫâûбըֱӵɢȥһƬռ䶼ֶʸ˫ͷƶǴС
ô£ʸ˫ϵɫâԶӿֶЩɫâɫһ䣬ܵɫâ̺֮


2033 񱩵ĸ
ʱ˿̣ı仯ûʸ˫ûзӦ֮ԼزһĨΪɫâ֮УȴӵֹϵϢ֮⣬һΪ֮Ŀ
ƺĳָûؽӴֵĲȴһҪ˵صĸо
ɫâסĿռ䣬Ǳͬ˶Ǹһռ䣬ҴУʸ˫оԼ彩Ӳޱȣ˼ά֮⣬Ƕһָͷˡ
ʸ˫ҧϵɫâΪ񾵸оΣյףӶԶסԼм٣Ϊ֪ƿͬ档
ҪѡʱɱԼĻôڵ̬㷴ûС
ģ⵽ô£ʸ˫мΪŭͼȡϵӶ񾵽Щɫâֱӵ𿪣Ӷӳ죬ǽȴʧӦ񾵵ĴڣɫâΪ£ƷһУռ䡣
ʸ˫ľǣƴʱٵҲһȻ벻ƻܹŹԼɣ
𣡡
һŭʸ˫иһǷƵȻûܵԼһ龰⵽ô£
ʸ˫֪췣֮ʱǷؼʱ̣ȻΪĹ췣֮˲䱬ֱٳ˷飬ҲŸãþΪһ췣֮ıõ֮еĸһӱˣǷɵ˷Ƶϡ
飬ЩϹҲǲ֪֪Ĵ޵Ƕˣڹȥ棬ÿһ鶼ǰˣ֮УǱڣͬʱҲЩ˵һЩͷ
ǰƲû飬ҲǲἤЩıȻͬʱͬʱͷʸ˫һҹǸıӶʱķƿν˵ǱЩʱС
ʸ˫ؿǰĵɫâĿռ䣬ͻȻѿһӰ𽥵߳Ƿƣ
Ƶĳ֣ʸ˫е±һȻܿǷ˲׵ĵطΪǰķڳ֮󣬲û̶Լ֣վԶעԼ
ʸ˫ɣǿƴʱ˫ȻǷɺ֮ɫҲһΪ֪ǰԼĿȻǷƵϴݶ
ơ˫ۣÿ¡ʸ˫оޱȣһ˫ɺ˫֮͸¶ΪµĿ񱩣Ҳ̲ס
һ̣˫ɺ֮ɫķע⵽˻ʸ˫ĴڣҲǵͳŭһ𽥵ػ˻ʸ˫
ʸ˫ӿֳһĨ־壬ҪΧǰɫâ޷ֻؿŷƳԼ߹
ŷƵԽԽʸ˫ԺҲֿܵ񱩵˱ûأسţеһ˿ͷƾǿ񱩵ô£Ҳ޷˲ʧȥʶӶԹȥ
ƴʱֹ˫죬ϵƤҲ𽥵ط죬߽ܿ˻ʸ˫Աߣӿֿ־Ļʸ˫ĺͬһͷҰޡ
ȷʱѾȫǱĸռݣɼѹҲ֪Լʲô飬Щ̺֮ĸһֻܴʱŶɢ޷ѹơ
ʸ˫ǰͣطͺķƣźһ˫ɺ˫ͬҰһķƣͻȻһֲͷ
ɱ£·һЩɱҪĵ顭
ȻƵһ̶ȴһҪȥͷΪƵ𽥵طԼ˫֮ϣǲͣද
ʸ˫𽥵ᣬŭŷƣȻʱʧȥǵķƣﻹܵ뷨еԽԽ󣬿ϧʸ˫ʱ޷Ȼ϶ʹ
ƵĶû꣬һʸ˫ǰ˵˫֮󣬷ĴϢΪأɺ˫ҲǸӵ䣬󷢳һŭ˫ֱӵһ

ʸ˫ɫâҲûֹܹõǶ֮ʸ˫ϵ·ȻֱӵرƸ˺ѣ¶˽׵˫ֵۣ


2034 ʧ
ʸ˫ؿŷƶԼʩԸͷ˫ᣬں޵У⵽ô£
һֱӵظ˻ʸ˫ǰ˵˫֮ϣϵද֮гһ˵ĸоľٶƽʱƴԻ٣ҲԲ÷Ƶóѣʱɫâ֮Уͬ˽޷κζ
֮ˮڴתɬǣŷƲϵදǰ˫壬һУһ˿˿Լ޷ĿУʹУΪƿû˿ϧ
Ȼƴʱţûд֣ͣ˫ֽʸ˫Ǿ˺֮˫˵˫˳Уʸ˫ضŷƣɱˣ´ʱͲ֪˶ٴΡ
ŷƽĶûʸ˫еĺ⣬ݱΪ־壡
ΪƵ𽥵ؿʼڻʸ˫ƣʸ˫֮ˮڴתѾǿ뵽˽ƵһʲôҪɫâĽȴͽ޹
һ̣ʸ˫ͫ׶Ȼؽ崫һһ˫ԼΪ˽ܵĵطϵؽ֪Ǻá
ʱɫâ֮⣬ǰʸ˫ǿµݲеҲӰǱ໤վ
ˣʸ˫ֺأȴûлɱ֮ģȻǵΪҪǾԲֹ档
ʲôɫ𽥵ر࣬Ű֮ǽռȫռɫ͸һֿµֲǸܵһֿ񱩣Ҳڲ֪֮һĨɱ⡣
֪ǾԶǱӰ쵽ľ˵еķˡɫӿֳһĨǣͬʱҲΪ𺳣ȻʥǿߵܹӰõ
ôأѰ˼ְܹƣȴҡҡеȣֹǻǲҪ֣Ͼǵɫâ̫¡ǾԲܿһմȾϣܻʧȥǡ
ʧȥǣ΢˫еľʥʥһѰ˲֪ǾǿóֽߵյʥıӻҳȥӦòж⡣
֣ҡҡͷȰûע⵽ôʱʸ˫ûܹɫâӳˣյĿеľʥΪ߽ףҲǱУóȻȥ˵ֱӵرӰ쵽
ҵȰ裬ҲһԻʸ˫ΪֳҲûܹɫâ֮УԲ²õЩɫâ̺֮Ƕôؿ£㾪ʥжôأҲ赲ס
ֻԴôȭͷ֮¶һĨʡ
֮⣬Ҳʼ򣬷ƺͻʸ˫ȻͬΪʥǿߣʥ֮ҲǷŵȣʥʥѾǰ벽۵ľ磬Ȼѹǣʥǿ߶ԸǣҲǷѲ˶Ĺ
һС磬ͬһ죬仰˵Цֻһϸ΢ؾ磬Ҳ㹻صĲ࣬ʥ֮ǸһСĲൽŶĲࡣ
ż֮Уɫâڲϵռţû˿ؼɫâ֮ڵĿռ䣬ʸ˫ʱŷƵ֣˶Ҫˡ
ʸ˫˫ᣬ״ķƣвϵشֱԼ֮ߵ˫֣ʹĸоκϣֻϣⲻһجζѡ
ǣܿǷ˲Ծĵطʱƣ徹Ȼǿʼ֪ȴǿԵָоΪƵ֣ϵָߣƤʼ죬һΪԭʼ𽥵
ָоĳ֣ûʸ˫кǿ־壬ȻΪʥǿߣ壬վһŮˣΪԭʼ֮£Ҳ޿ɿܡ
ʵʸ˫֪ǣеı仯Χɫâ̺֮ĸźܴĹһʸ˫񾵵𽥵Щɫâ֮еĸ𽥵ؿʼռ񣬶Ӱ
ƴʱֹ˫ζ˵ҲǴȥǽʵ˻ʸ˫ĽϣʱúĵΪǿҡ


2035 
ʸ˫ʱҲǲ֪Լϵ׷ʲô飬񾵵𽥵ɫâ֮ӵĸҲǿʼ𽥵Ӱ쵽
񾵵ʸ˫ʶҲǿʼ𽥵ػңȻҲ޷񾵻ڵʥѹƣټϷ˶ӣĵĳҲǲС
˫ɺ֮ɫʸ˫˻ס߻ȵʶĽһ𣬶Ϊʸ˫屻ס޷κηĶֻĬĬسŷƵĴֱ
ɫâڲϵۣû˿ɢļ˶һֱɫâڵȴɢ
ʱ֮ɫâ֮е龰ȴѾı䣬ʸ˫ͷƴʱ˽ػһŷƵһͳŭֹͣ˳鴤ͣشŴ
ʸ˫ʱҲ𽥵ػָŷƲһػЩֻӰһʱ䣬ȴ޷Ʒ㣬һֱӰ죬ʱʶҲٶ𽥵ػָѡ
ѹһ˲䣬ЩɫâҲǶûκѹˣԼ廹ԼſڷƵϣжʱŭ
һŮ˵ΪҪʸ˫ΪʥǿߣʲôʱһйܵĽӴԼһνڲ֪֮оͱƵóѣܹܵˣ
ޣʸ˫ᣬƣҪһƣ΢һ壬ȴǷ崫һʹʱʹѣͷһȴǸŭ
Լ廹ŷƵһ⶯һ£Լһֵĸо˶鲻ѣֵûС
ʸ˫Ҫ뿪ŷƵ壬Ť壬ȴʶظԼĪĸоҷǱϵ˫ȴٶȵǳһĨɺ֮ɫ
ŷƵ˫еɺ֮ɫʸ˫жʱٶһ־ֱ֣ƺûȫѹôҪԵĽһֳ
Ȼʸ˫һоԼ崫һӲһָΪĸо˱һûˣֱӵſڷƵϡ
ޣס֡
ʸ˫пνŭɬֲУҪ崫оû˿ֻǱؽŷƵĴֱ
˫ķƣµĻʸ˫ٶȷһŭ˱Ƿʸ˫ѹ£ʼһֵĳ
ʸ˫ᣬֻĬĬسŷƵĴֱٶ֮ڴʹкĸо𽥵ռԺһ˿ĺ
ûʸ˫ҲɬûԼҲһ˵Ŀ·һԼΪޣҪɱˡ
ڴĸо֮𽥲ûʸ˫𽥵ʧǳ׵س֮УؽһעɫâֵĿռ䣬ɫǱеŹ֣ΪҲֵŮһۣ¶˲ɫ
浽׷ʲô飿ǵŮҲɫùŹ֣ƺͻʸ˫ʲôô
˭֪Ҳɫ΢΢ͨ죬ǵȻ֪ʱ淢ʲô飬Ƶǣ˲ӶԷô
ֵǲϵشƲ֮дֱԼĪʱ󣬲𽥵ػƽȥʱɫâҲ𽥵ؿʼ٣ֿ񱩵ĸʧ
ƴʱѾٶһֻԵ״̬֮УΧɫâҲǾ֮УγһӼס
ʸ˫Ǳһߣ޷ơ
ʸ˫ʱмֱ˼ˣǱɫâķƣҧ˫֮нǳ޵ŭ𣬵ûκξٶĬĬóһװɫȹµشԼϡ
ޱһԼҵͷʱɫâѹҲ𽥵ʧûмԷʩչɱһЩɫâ֪Ϊûаʱ飬ԷƵ鼫Ϊӡ
ʸ˫ô֮ĬĬؿһ۷ƣȻתȥֱӵƿǱɫâ˵ǰ


2036 ɱ
˿ͻȻֵĻʸ˫ҲһȻõղɫҲһعŹ֣˾ղŷʲô
ʲôٿǵ˫۶ڳʸ˫бǷ겻ѣɱⱻѹ֣ĿҲһŭ
˵ɱʱõҲ˲ֶ£˶ʱͬӿӭǸоѡ
Ůˣڷʲô衣
ҧŭʸ˫̫ˣһ棬˵ֱӾͶѹǣĪΪԼǿԺô
ǲˬɱǣô򵥣ʸ˫˵ԼŮˣʱеŭҲǸӵʢһһµ޴ڣֱӵطסˡ
Ƕ֣ʦֲŹģû¶κξɫԺ˴֪ηΪ½ͷǵۺԺǵʥҲ׵سֽԸǣΪһ벽ۼʥڣ
ż֮أɱǣʥκεңʸ˫֮гɫޱȵĮѾ¶˾ģҪ˳ȥʥͨٴҲȻȥ۱ƵʥԼ
ͬһӿɫâʱȡǰɫâסƬռ䣬µѹŻʸ˫˵ɱһһʴ˵
ͬΪʥǿߣŻʸ˫̫֮࣬һģ˱شҲѩϼ˪ÿһɫǱüΪ࣬˫ڲ
ԺǿߣԲڻʸ˫֮£һܲסµͷʧĿɲ򵥣Ժ
Ҫɱǣ㻹øһۣɫޱȣֱϵظ֣ǱյľʥҲһһεĲɢȥ
ʸ˫еʥ΢Уƺоʥƺ翴ȥǰ򵥣ɫøĮȻһָɫâ
ҲȫɱǣŹǣδԵ̫۸Ǿɱһԣʸ˫һ̣ɫâȻرǣµȻرøӵؿ¡
ಣ
һɫâγһ޴ֱָӵڰ֮£ǻʸ˫ʩչĹ֮һָ֮ռһڵĿռѺ۱𽥵ظֶ

Ȼʱ򣬰žʥĲϵһϢҲǶȻԾʥ֮б֮ͨɫ״񣬰Ʒڽ֮ϣس
žʥز綼ֹͬһ㣬һֺƺƵĽʱɨʥɢ貵Ĺâ޷ֱӣ֮£ǿмµɫָâµٶҲǻر仺
ǡŴʱʥԶԶسܹƿصҲһԺ֮Ҳ˴ʦֵӰΨܹӵְ
ʦ֮ǰиһ˵޷ʹãͿԻΪģһҲǵ˵ͷ־˵Ľ⸡֣Ҳһ
ʸ˫Ըֻ֣ɱһ˶У
ʸ˫ͫ׽ضŴʱ׼ȷ˵ӦǶеľʥ貵Ľâ˫֮Уȴ˵ؿ£ʱľʥов
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô֮ı仯½ܹ֮иֳָоֻˣһǵʥһȻʥôֶο¾ʥµġ
䣡
ʸ˫֪ԵǿʥȰ벽ۼǿߵûκȴʩչȥĹ֮ﻹջصĿܣ
ڻʸ˫ĮȻ֮ǵ̶סɫָâҲٶȵεĽֱӵͷȥƼΪƴ
⣬ΨҺƵ
һĿдʱҲǽеľ罣һĽâֶһεĽޱȵغƵԽļޣγʥһ̣嶸ȻرѪͬҪһ㡣
ʹˣǿţһƵޱȵĽʩչ̣ôʸ˫Ļɱǣ
⸡ֵһ̣ԶԺ¥ĳһһӶȻ˫ۣһԶķҲٶȻر˫


2037 ʥ
䣡
һ죬ż֮ػֽȻͬ˲һ𣬿µɫâǺƵĽĴռΪ֮
뿪Ժʱ򣬴ʦǽһΪʦֲ²⵽˺пܻŻʸ˫֣˵Ϊ˵Ҫʸ˫ǽǲܡ
еһ̺ʥһӵʥĲںʱεأһãʥ֪
벽۵½Ψˣһ֣ҲԲ˿ԿˣԳǵʥ֣Ļʥһ֮£ûǿ߿Կ⡣
ƵĽ⣬Ĵ䣬ȻޱȣҲһʥһ֮£ֵ΢ѷɫ
꣡
ϯλ촫Χռ䲻ϵһһɫѺۣεϵɫ΢䣬ǲϵ˺Զġ
ʸ˫ɫΪ࣬бΪŭԷƵɱνȫת޵ϣΪܹɱȴû뵽ӵʥһΪ֮Ŀ
벽ۣվǸմȾ˹ϵǿߣ;Բֻͣʥ֮ϵ˿Բ硣
ʸ˫ۿԼһ𽥵رĥ𣬶ɫҲǼΪŭеɱٶҲǹ˲һУֱӵؼ񾵡
һ֣ƵٶȳһƬռ䣬Ψڿеһɫâǰŷƣûܵ
ŮˣҪż֮ظô˫Ŀ죬нžʥŻʸ˫ַ߶񾵵ľٶҲǾޱȡ
СģԶ𽥸ڻʸ˫е񾵣ܵԴĿ־壬ҲʧҪС
˵ͷŵľʥҲٶȵر貵ĹâܴһΪʥһ̺ޣŸղǵǿȵĹҲֻʩչΣι󣬲ܸʸ˫ˣǱôľˣ
ģƶŮ˵ʲôƳһɫӼ˿ûɢļҲ̾һҲ֪ʱǷĵʱ̣ҲȫעϵԼĽ⣬ΪҪԵĿǿһ
ʸ˫ر˫ȫڲϵΣһζҪ֣ȻԼеԹɱɻ֮ȥͬħһĥ
Ȼûа취ɱƣôԺˣҲֻܹԼùɣ
һ̣ż֮ضһ㣬ͬһ˲ֹͣԶһ˾ʧ񣬵Ȼһ̱Ѿָ
ǣͽһ̵ʧȴ˸оɹһ㣬һĿ־𽥵ռȫ
ղһ˲䣬ڻʸ˫еĲһǰʱ䶼ֹͣһ˲䡭
еľ糤ѣͬͬһǿ𽥵ѣʥƿأ𽥵ڿУĽâԽԽǿңͬһȵա
Ȼʱ򣬻ʸ˫Ȼ˫ͬһس֮ǾĮȻ֮ɫ޸ɫͫ׽
˫ֻؽӡᣬŵӡḡ֣ǹӵҲ𽥵ʸ˫ͷ֮ϣ⻬ľ۳һɫâ
һɫâΪ£ͬһСȴɢĲʱʸ˫ӡûֹͣ˫˵Ӱ֮иֵһɫâҲ𽥵󣬴С״𽥵رȭͷСϢȴǸΪ¡
ּƬ̣ʸ˫ǻֹͣеĽӡҲǸֹһĨײĲ԰֮ɫʩչһУĸҲĴ

һ׵쳹ż֮أʱҲǶȻһѪԼǰľʥľѪ룬ʥҲǳ׵ر
ৣ
һԿռֶ֮֮ƺƵ޿ƥУڿµĲӰͬһϵĺƼΪͣ
ʩչһ֮Ҳ̱ڵϣɫΪ԰ףʩչٶȻķѵĲǶ˵ҲһּΪĵΪ
֣Ҳһâᴩء


2038 ʥʥ
ڻʸ˫໥ǿһʱԺ֮еһ¥һֱ˫ĺҲǶȻ˫ޱȵ䣬ֱǰͬա
ҪǸͷˡ
ӷһ̾ϢǻվĺɫһᣬһĲɫֱӵسֱʣĲɫγһ·һؿȴʧԭأٴγ֮ʣѾȥʡ
߲ͨ·Ǵʦֳˣ
Ժһ죬˵ʦֶοͨ죬һȻˣ
߲ͨ·ֵһ˲䣬ԺҲƺϵضŲ֮ǰʥ뿪ɢ߲ͨ·۷׷ס
ΨмˣĿ¶ǣΪʥ֣Ҳʹ½һǿߣʥҲǳ֣
ʥ͵ʥλǾǿߣһ棬ֻǷʲô״û֪ΪԺ͵۵ǿߣǴûм棬ȴ֪˴˵Ĵڡ
ʱڵɽ֮УĿ¶֮ɫؿǰһֶǱƵʦ״¶˼Ϊصɫ
ʦʲô飿ʵ
ʦǿܳˣʥסҪˡʥɫΪأ޾ǳڲϵػֱԶƺ֪һС
ʥˣԣʱʧɫʥ½ǿ֮һҪֵĻʦΣˣǻʸ˫ǿҲܿһλ벽ۣ
޷Ȼʥ಻סԹۣˣһ˰ɡҡҡͷƳһǴ֣㿴ʦܡ
ʥСҲ¶΢ЦʦģСǺ壬ж̶̲꣬ȴ¶˼䲻ʣٹ꣬ӰǸѾͷ޷֮ˡ
ð˵ʥصɫҲǼ࣬¶һ˿ЦҪһλھǿ˰
ûʧ֮ʣȴǷִԼǰĵʥѾǲˣд棬ȴ٣һֺεȿֶΡ
ż֮أ໥ײһ񾵵֮ʥһƽ޵еڻǺƵĽ֮У߷ƽʱǿԻ֮ơ
ȴǿν˵ǻʸ˫һ԰벽۵ǿǻʸ˫ԼҲ˵׼
ɫǺƵĽһ𣬲û̱ը߲ϵ໥ʴŶԷʱż֮أǳɫźƵĽ⣬ռһߣΨһɫĹӼ֣˿ûܵӰ졣
ʸ˫˺⣬ղһ˵ͬҲǿһûа취ʥһôе㲻ŪԼһش³
Ȼһ̣ʥȻرƽ⣬ƺƬ̵Ľ棬ռϷ磬𽥵ĥ̺ʥĽ⡣
ǺƵĽ𽥵رĥǲ԰׵ɫҲǸһĨ֮ɫʥǿ󣬶ǶԷһԼҲڻʸ˫Ҳǳ֮С
ǿ뿪
ƺ֪ԼУҲҧԶŭȵʸ˫Ҫɱˣôһ㹻ˣԲ˳
Ҳز׽֮ı仯Ҳļ٣˸ûκεƿԿܣóȻسȥֻܹͽѣ
ôʦָұɣ𽥵ӿһĨ˻ʸ˫ŭŮˣɱңҲɵȥ
֮Ȼرͨޱȣɫ𽥵ر𽥵س֣Ϊ£ڴҲǱüΪ񱩣
ҪԱʸ˫ҲǸֹһĨңǷƽʱȻǲηʥǿߵԱΪ㹻ڶԷԱ֮ǰ뿪նɱԷʱҲǼޣεش߶񾵣ټΪƵľٶǼΪƽȣƽʱΪʮ֮ûС
Ҫ
˿ٶɫҲǸһĨŭ⣬Ǽ˿ǴСһ𳤴ʦֵܣôܹܿԷԼǰ
ȻʱǰĿռ䶸Ȼرһǿֱӵ˺ѣһֺ嫵Կռѷ֮дݶһ߲ǳֱǰ
߲ͨ·Ǵʦ֣


2039 벽۵ķ
ż֮سôһ߲ƾճ֣õڳļ˶һ䣬г˿ϲΪǱϳȻԺĴʦ֡
ʸ˫ü壬һֱƿռ両ֶɫҲǾ֣ҲǺˣԺİ벽Ѿ֣ôҪɱĴ㣬¾͵ˡ
㻹̫嶯ˡ
һƮ󣬵ȴͬһÿ˵Уֱ߲ӵߣһɫ۷Ӱǻسֶ
ȻԺǿߣʥ
ʥ֮ϣ̾ϢһƻطĶͷ֮ϣѾߵȻƽ
ȻǼµɫʱҲڵûϣվǰʥ
䣡
ɫЯŽ£һ˲Ǳըż֮ҲΪ֮µٶõƬż֮ضǽҪһ㡣
ʦֳԼǰôһҲʧУǿһ
Ȼһ̣ϵʧɫ𽥵ת䣬һȡ貵ɫڱ֮ʥվԼǰ
ֻʥһƣͬΪĲɫâӲؽôһ
ɫڱƬ֮ҲǻƽȻʱż֮أͬһ㣬ֿµϯһƬǽ龰
ǽһʥȴɷƵ飬۶δҹ֡
ʦ֡ͻȻֵʥžǿ̬һҲ֣ϾƵԱֵزνǶ˵һ£Զ˿ʦֳ֣Ҳɫֹ
ǻʸ˫Ϊ̫࣬ӵһվҲұ𡣡ʥ̹ȻһЦ̧־֮һ˵š
ʦ֡
ҺҲǹضŴʦֵŴʦֵĳ֣İȫܵвǻʸ˫Ҳܼ޼ɵˡ
Ѱҵôʦ΢ЦһºɫۣȴƣһĨɫâγɵĹӼ֮ϣһ
Ѱҵˣʦֿ˵ķƣǰʧȥ˼䣬ż֮أƺѾָ˼䣬Ǻͻʸ˫֡˵ͷǽԼ֪һжǸ߳
˵ɫӣʥĳ֮ɫҲ΢䣬׷ʵ
ûɫӣЩƺżΪż֮صĶҲΪǿɫӵĴڶγɡ˵ͷ
ʥƬ̣׵ĪԺع飿
飡
ҵ˽һۣ˸ԵɻǿδӴһȻҲǲ֪ʥ˵龿Ϊ
ˣպԺһʱ֪ʥҲҡҡͷǽ˻ʸ˫ϣʵǼ۵һʸ˫ô
оʥĿԼϣʸ˫ҲһʥĿƺ̺޾ƣʥĿ֮£ҲǸеһĪĿ־С
벽ۣվŵմȾϹϵǿߣʥǿ߿ȣ
ǵġҲҧ޺޵ؿһۻʸ˫пʸ˫һӣȵԼԱĵز
Ȼ鴫ʥעһ»ʸ˫ǵôһ仰ȴԱߵ˾κˣܹʥȰ벽ۼǿ߶˳̾νʸ˫Ŀ֮
ֻɱԺ֮ˣǽȥպԺͷ˿ôʥȴǳһϣͬԻʸ˫С
ʥһ̣ʸ˫бһֲǱˣڰ֮еˣٶȿνǼ֮죡
ǣٿ죬Ҳ첻ʥ
ڻʸ˫󣬾һʱ䣬һɫӰӰ棬ʱվߵʥѾʧԭء
һ֮£׷°ٶȣǰ벽ǿߵķɣ
ʸ˫ѹȣҲǸһĨأٴνԼٶʩչ£˿ʥһ㶼ûУ벽ۼǿߣ
񾵱ʸ˫ҧ٣Ȼʥȴǲ׷Źʸ˫Ͼͻɱһգ۵ĹʥѾʸ˫ǰ
ܵµʲôۣȻ˽ΪԺ۸


2040 
ͻȻѾԽԼǰĺӣʸ˫֮ҲֹһĨңȫʢʱڵʥһսȫʥĶ֡
ģǷƵĴ
ʸ˫аһǷƶԼǵ޲飬ǻԼʧأ㾳硣
ǰ龰ȴǼΪϾ԰벽۳֣ʸ˫κε֮ģȻ޷ƴǾֻǲϵض
ǼǰζȻͣٶתһͼҪʥ׷ɱ
ȻʥŻʸ˫ľٶҲһĨ÷΢Цҡҡͷؾƣǻʸ˫ȥıӰ΢΢һգ
ʸ˫ɫǶȻһ䣬ǼǰҲ˻ɫüΪѿΪһԴʥϵѹڷܵĿռ䣬ѹͬӣ粽У
԰벽ۣΪſôʥƮشڻʸ˫Ķʸ˫ɫ΢䣬ΧĿռ䶼ǲϵŤ𽥵س߲ʹâ
һּΪµʸ˫авʥȻĶԼ֣ҿΪ£ԼӲһ²Ҳһشľ棡
ʸ˫ļ٣ͼȻȴ֣ھԵʵǰ԰һУȴԵô
Բܷʸ˫ҲǼͣһλ벽ۣ֪޷ƥУǲɷ
ˣ
һһµԻʸ˫ϴݶٶȱǿٻµĲ
ʱʥ񾵵ĳ֣ҲֹһĨ㵵ɫϾ½֮ϣҲǽںܾúܾõʷ֮гֹѡ
ʵǾһУȻӵΪȴӲߵһܣʥͬһڻʸ˫ΧǲŤĿռ䣬ʱǳֳĲɫЩɫԴԴϵس֣ϵؼѹſռ䡣
ʸ˫ɫüΪأ˫ֻһλᣡ
񾵲ϵɢǹľʱҲǿʼģһʵĹâ֮𽥵ؽʸ˫С
ЩʵĹâƬ̣Ѿʸ˫֣ЩʵĹâ𽥵Ϊ壬ͬ͸ˮһ㣬׵ؽʸ˫С
ǻʸ˫񾵵رзֻҪܹܵĽޣôʸ˫Եõ֤
ʥŻʸ˫ľٶҲҡҡͷΧֶĲɫǶȻرÿѹΧδĿռ䣬ֱƻʸ˫
꣡
΢ϵشǲɫͬһ㣬ͬնδֵ֮ޣ
ԶһĻˣҲ¶˿ڵĿ飬ǴʦֵΪľ֮һǺ嫵һУ
۳âγɵĽᾧȴǵֵסֿµĲɫâûܵӰ졣
ˣʸ˫ɫҲһԼı֮һδʹùû뵽ȴʥȰ벽ǿǰȵơ
ʸ˫ȻǵֿסԼľʥһֱƽҲǸһĨ죬ҲЦŵڵܹ࣬ʩչңվҲʱѡ
ʥôһ˵ʸ˫Ҳһʥû˵һ۾ǿĴȷ񾵿ԿʥĹȴܳ־ãΪĸϣ
ǣʸ˫ڶģڶĵʥҲ֣
Ϊʥ͵ʥ½ǿߣκһžٶڤڤ֮б˴˶ŸӦʥˣôʥӲܣˣż֮ػŵʥĴӣ
ԵʥӣԲΣյľأԻʸ˫ڿʥֵĵһ˲䣬Ѿ뵽ֺ
ǲϧԼжģʥһֻ֣ҪԼȵʥֵһ̣ôʥȻҲ޷Լˡ
ɫ񾵵ڻཻ棬ʱĻʸ˫ɫԽԽ԰ף֮иһĨʧɫԼվûȵʥĳ֡
꣡
һϸ΢촫۶ɵľҲ𽥵һѺۣʸ˫Ҳ̾˿µҲûκεİ취


2041 ʥ
ʱż֮صĿռٴǿҵĲһϢ԰֮н£ֱӵ˺޵Ŀռ䡣
嫵Ϣ֣ǲϼѹʸ˫ĲɫҲǶȻΪ֮һʸ˫һעĳһռ䣬Ϊ֪ʥѾˣ
ʥ֣ʥ٣½۷ͷǿǵһ棡
ʥ΢΢̧ͷоâ֣ʥҪ˰
ڶڵۺԺ˵Դͷǿ߾ʹû棬һֱǧ꣬û֪Ϊʲôǿȴܹܵ˴˵ĴڣԸ֪Էľ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮󣬿ռѺ۶ȻһӦӰΪ׵һλ׷ԲԵߣһλȻǰ죡
ԭʥҲǳż֮أȥȳٳڴ˵ء
׷һ֮󣬱ǽʥϣǸɿݵ¶һĨ޵Цݣ߱Ƶڰ֮еɫӼ֮ϣɫ𽥵طһЩϸ΢ı仯
ʸ˫һֱڹ۲ŵʥʥʥ̬΢΢һĪǵʥѾϳ
ۺԺ෸֪ʥΪҪҵ۵ĸ֣ʥɫػָһ۵ʥϣص
ȻûмʥȴܹƾϢӦԷӵΪɲ⣬ͬһغ嫣˰벽֮⣬½ܹΪ
ŵʥɣһȻ鴫ʥҲǵȻһЦ˻ۣЩϼѹŻʸ˫Ŀ²ɫֱӵɢʥ֣Իʸ˫֣ȻҲǲŻˡ
ʵʥ֪ʥ֪Ϊ˴˶ǰ벽ۣ
ʸ˫ʥѹ֮ϵһᾧȻ飬ҲɫüΪ԰ףǵƿ;״̬
ֶʸ˫Żص˵ʥ󣬶ʥ΢΢һЦʥѵԺΪһô
ԣ˶¶ߵɫǻʸ˫ɱȣôڵ۵ĿУͱôһ
Ժ棬ڼص۵һЩ飬һα֮ģһȻ硣ʥҲΪȻֱӵؿڷ̵
ʸ˫ֻɱʦȣѵҲΪһôʥɫ𽥵ر䣬ɲηʥ
ԺˣȻ˰ʥװ̾Ϣһһ벽ۼǿˣһ󱲳֣⴫ȥˣ¶Ժɡ
õʥ㻰˸ŭЦ۵ʵ̫˲ˣʥСһǰƽɫʥҲ˵ˣǵĿĲôֻһΣΪ㻹лô
ʥֱ׵ضԻõʥҲһʱΪ֮ᣬȷһεȷΪΪ˻ɱ䡣
һնɱֹȻΣҲαҪֵ˵زһ½ͻָƽʥɫҲ𽥵ر䣬֮˿ڶԷ
ʱ㻹ҪӲʥҡҡͷмصνԤԣǵ˵ƻ½ƽ⣬Ժ˵ĳ֣ǻ½һЩ䣬صȼ˵һ磡
֮϶ԣ˿ð벽ҵĿض䣬ֻһҪɱһҪס
ô˵յۺԺ޷һ£ʥ¶һϧ飬ƺһΪϧ顣
仰£ʥϵƣȴ𽥵ؿʼһ̣ʥƾرǿԵʥ֮дݣ±Сһӱÿ
ۺԺһֱһֱûзֳߵͣҲǺ⿴һ֮еĵʥǷǿ󣡡ʥɫĮȻһͬǿϢ¶ŵʥ࿹⣡
µڽ棬λǰ벽ۼǿߣǵϢֽױʥǿ߶Ϊ֮е־塣
ʥײһ㣬벽ǿʵ̫ˣһһǳŻƺҪضҪ
Ȼڵʥʥ˽ŵĹ֮Уһֱڰ֮еɫӼȴǴһЩϸ΢ضȶֱӵشλǿߵĽ棬ʱ˵߶ɫӼ֮ϡ


2042 
һֱŷƵɫӼʱʼӳһ˿˿ѷ죬ҰʱƣѺԽԽ࣬鲼Ӽ
ƺΪλ벽۵ƽ棬ɫӼ֮еķҲǰ಻סҪѶ
ʥ͵ʥ˶ǺĬûж֣ͣɫӼı仯˶ǲԼͬüͷΪɫӼԼǶһļµĲ
ʸ˫עɫӼǰɫâ֮УƶԼǵ޲飬ʵڷƵɱݱΪŨ޲ýƴж˿飡
ڻʸ˫˵ղЩԼһΪԵļ䣬ԼӾôմˣ֪ˣô
ǻʸ˫ɱǽȴûлзƵҲֻǽϣڵʥϣֻҪʥ֣նɱôһЩ֪
ƺоʸ˫ɱ⣬ʥҲ΢΢üͷ˵Ԥ֮һгʼҪҲпԭʸ˫ΪһֱԷƱɱ⣿
ʱɫӼѾǱ鲼ѺۣͬҪƿǶԡķһ㣬һµ
֮£˶ɫ΢䣬ǸоƵϢøΪǿ󣬸Ϊˣʸ˫ȭգ֪һ飬˲Сĺô붼һ㣬ɱѹ֡
飡
ڣһƷѵɫһӵѿ˵âɢڿУһͦεӰҲǻس˵֮С
ƻ˫âһĻһãȻƺڸղŷʲô֪飬ֻǵԼռ󣬻ʸ˫˽ԼͺԹȥһ㡣
Ƶĳ֣Ҳһ¶ڷƵϣ¶һĨŹֵɫ
ȿȣơ·ѵƱ͵صͷԼȫ壬ȫûһڵ֮ɫҲǱе㲻Ȼ
ϰɡȤ׳һۣ˷ƣƽӹæȥɫ΢΢ػָ
ֱʱ򣬷Ʋ̧ͷɨӹΧɫͻȻһ䣬¶˼ɵɫΪ˵ʥʥ˵ϲ˿µ˿Լ
䣿ʥĹâû뵽仹һǿߣΪȻʥףȴԼԼһ˿֮ģʵǳϡ
ǵģʦ䡣һ£һɫĻʸ˫Ҳϸ
ʥƳһ۷ƣҲǵ˵ͷֱӵؿڵ䣿ȻһʼΪˡ
ƣܣǵԺʦ֡״ҲЦеؽܸƵ
ԣҲǻȻҲعʥȭʥǰ
òųΪǰࡣʥЦŵһǰĶԵеĮȻ֮ɫǰ²䲻򵥣Ƶǿ󣬻ǳϣǿܹԺνǱȵõʲôΪҪ
ǿߵʹȻҪҪܹȫɳţſԳΪǿߣǿ֮ȣȻԺѡơ
ŷƵĳ֣еնʱǱ΢ˣΪƵϢʥ͵ʥΪ֮ɵ˵ֱӵսĽ
ǵ۵ĵʥƳһۻʸ˫֮أһ뷢׵ͷҲüͷڵۣûжٺøУϾҪԼģǻʸ˫ѡ
ʥ˵ͷʥ¶һĨŹֵЦݣʥ֪ⳡսǷҪ
ʥ仰̵ζӶ࣬κһˣѡ֣Ͼ˷ôһȷأʥǰ벽۾ǿߣҲ
ʥĬֱŷƣϢϵӿֶ˷ơ
ʥٶʥһŭ̡Ҳ˿ûãŵʥ⡣
΢΢̧ͷŵʥϢĮȻصʵʥǰҷƿгԹ½飿
ʥɳĬԷƵ׷ʣĬƬ֮󣬵ûУһҪ
ΪʲôΪԤԣͻȻǴЦָŵʥŭϲģƾԤԣ뽫ɱӱ¿ô


2043 ſ
ƴ˻һνȫʥҲǵɴ۾㶵ؿŷƣȻԴ½ǿ֮һҲֻзһˡ
ʥƢٺãԷָҲ̲סɫֱӵر࣬˫ɱ⣬һһصô
һЦһֱҪɱԼôԼαҪԷɫҲǼЦǵУҲǲòж˵벻˵к𣿡

÷˵ʥǷˬʵЦͿߵʥ磬ֻݣЩ޷˵·Ƽ仰ǽ˵ˣʱԷƵĺøб
Сӣͳ⼸仰ղΣҶñס㣬ҵĳŵҲԺĳŵʥֹͣЦͬնصԵʥ
һֱڳ鴤Ǽ仰ЦǿɲǴʦ֣һŭ˵ʥȻˣʥϣɲһ顣
ллԺλˡ¶΢Ц⼸仰ɲͷԷ˵ģһԵûøУҲ֪ԺһֱϣԼԺԼⷬǸʥһ̨ףҲʥһֵĻᡣ
ȻѾԺˣôʥҪ֣»ʹʥԸԸ⡣
СӡʥؿŷƣҲɱ⣬ԴԼΪ۵֮󣬾ʹû˸Լ˵ǵһ
˵ϲģܲҪɱңһøɫ㿴ɡ΢˫ȫ޾ʥƣսһضη壬ο벽۵ƣ
ǻˣʥصһ纣Եʥ֮бһ˲䣬ʥѾˣֱӵؽƸɱڴ˵أ
ڵʥֵĵһ˲䣬Ѿ֪ûκζΪ֪֣ʥӲܡ
Ȼʥʥ֣Ҳһ۱һɫһֱڵķ
䣡
ɫγɵΪ£ٶȴﵽ˼£һ˲Ѿǳ˷ƵǰڴͬʱʥĹҲ١
˫˫ؽӴȻر𽥵𣬵ʥ建¶һɹŭʥĪǣԺҪΪô
ôһ仰ԺɫҲһ䣬ΪһشˣʹԺȻԺ͵һֱ½֮ϣ໥߶ԷҲûдģطĦʥʣпܴĿս
ۺԺǴ½۷壬һսͻᲨ½Ϊأ
˺Ǳأɫ˴ʦֵľΪһ仰ͿԾԺ͵
ԺѾãǵˣȴûзֳߵ͡ʥɫرƽصԺȶһֱҪ½֪½ܹվ۷ΨԺһֱûлᣬˣԺԲǵۻ֣
˻һ˵ɫҲһʥ˵Ǻ͵ۿսҲҪסƣ
ʥɫ΢΢رأʥ𰸲ûгϣԺҪѹһͷֺֻһֱûлѡ
ȻˣǾͿսɣʥᶨֱʥΣҶҪֽնɱսһ󣡡
ڴˣʥЦսҿһ˽ɣǸԤԣҶαػҪ¶ʵ̬ȣҲġ
ڵʥʥ˵ĶԻƿһֱͣڶУʱԼͺͷսء
ιι˵ʥͷӣƾʲô˵ɱҾɱң浱Һ۸̤һֱŵʥ¶һĨζЦݡ
Ҫɱ㣬練ƣʥؿŷƣʥ֣ƸĶ֣
ô˵Ҳһսأƽصһ仰˵ĶУȻǾ÷ƿ̫ˣʥǰ벽۵ľ磬ǿҲȻ޷֮⣡
ƣ嶯¶֮ɫпɲ÷ܹŵʥ⣬˵⻰̫ˣʥҲûʮİܹѹƵʥοƻʥǿߣ
Ȼһ̣ƵϱϢȴ˵ɫΪ̣֮ǵʥ¶˲˼ɫ
ʥɣһսƷŭս˵ϢڲϵҲȻطһЩµı仯


2044 Եʥ
ƴʱѾȫظ˼䣬ڵȻҲٶȻѣںϣڷһЩԼδı仯ʱƸоԼڣһְھ֮ĴתһּΪǿҵս
˵ʥϣڳܹѹģΨеʥʥ벽۾ˣǻʸ˫ҲǲûзС
ʸ˫ûش˷ƣʸ˫ʧȥôҲǷƵĶ֣һĺܣͷλûƹһ»ʸ˫
޲ʸ˫԰׵ɫŭ𣬵ǷŭɫԹ˼㣬ƺƶʲôһ
ںʱ򣬱Ǹʴ֪飬ȻҲԼԻʸ˫ǵ飬Իʸ˫ʱ̬ڷУɵüͷ΢塣
ԱߵɫΪŹ֣ҲԼվδҲ¶ۣο˵ν˽ĸҵ
ʸ˫ΪһŮ˼ңȻܽ˵˵ƴʱ飬ֺŭ޲ɱ˷ơ
ʸ˫ûеʥ㣬ұȻɱ㣡ɫ䣬˫֮Ҳ΢΢ӹһĨɱ⣬˿κΣյʥˣҲǼΪҪʸ˫Ȼǲܵ顣
㡭쵰
ʸ˫ʱ򶼿Ҫ޳ˣȻƽʱ鼫ΪĮȻԷиǳɱ⣬ô˵ҲһŮ˼ңڱ˶ȡ֮󣬶Էװ֮ˣڿҪԼɱҲоüΪ
ʸ˫ģҲֹôоյĻʸ˫е㲻̫Ծ˵Ծĵطʲô֪ԼԻʸ˫ǵ飬ϵıҲǼΪؾʡ
ʥɫΪΪ벽ۼǿߣ½ͷȨˣӸλܹơ
üϲģѾеɱڶ𣬽ȭͷɿݵӶ˶һЦЦʥҪֽ̣Ӧòְɣ
ʥҲΪΣԷһˣԼȻûκѹһ˿ѷɫԼʥԱߣֻɵӲŻӦ֡
ʥԣ¶˳ɫ˵Ҳǣ˵ҲǣϾȻǿоƻûǸʥ
ʱ򣬷ȴȿ˵ʥǰһϣҪ֣Լ
ʥŷƵɫ˵ЦƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷƣİɣǸϼһҪɱ㣬ҶӲܡ
΢΢һЦҲǵ˵ͷȻʥı֤ôҲûκεغ֮ǣȻȫĻʥҲδܹɱԼʥı֤ȫʩչ
ϲģɡһ̤սⱬ΢΢ն£Ѿƽµż֮ؿռ䣬ٶȱӿ

һ۵ɫâԷƵֱ۳ֶ״ϸһ㣬Ѹٵƣ췣֮ٶ۶ڷƵ𽥵γһѳ
췣֮
һĻʥ͵ʥǶȻ׽ضŷгֳһĨ貵ɫâֱʱ֪ڷƵϣΪλһǶΪ֮еɵ
췣֮
ͼʶ˷Ƶ췣֮Ҳǲû¶̫㵵飬ʥĶߣص˷췣֮Ŀ֮һ·ϣǷƵ췣ֲ֮ҪԸЩûɡ
ʥ˵ͷĮȻ¶һĨϲɫҵ㿴췣֮һ¾ǵʥҪԸҲ÷ѵ㹦򡣡
֮˵־Īھ췣ͻƾʱܵǿµ췣ʥȾĴ˵Ϊ̡
ʥɫνǱ࣬ŷֱ֮еһ췣֮γɵĳʵ޷⣬ôܹ֮Ϊµ
йܴ̾췣֮Խսʸ˫ҲǺڵʥ˵ԼҲ֮³ԿܶΣҪ֪췣ּ֮µƻҲ޷֮ȡ
Σվͨʥǿߣϣʥصغһͬһ̤ס˷ơ


2045 
ӵʥϴѹȸоõ÷ɫ𽥵رأ벽ۼǿߣνΪŵԽս

Ƶͳشһŭȣϱ𽥷һЩ仯Ƥʼ𽥵ط죬γһƬƬӲƬһƬһƬµ鲼ȫ͵شݳһּΪµһ˫ɫĳչֶ
ֱӵʩչçİ壬ڽ½֮ǰΪʥ۷Ľ׵Ϊ֮ʩչç壬ڵΪǣǵʥҲüͷŷڴĲȴ͸ƵΪǶǿ
ΪѾ飬ڵΪ죬ԼҲǲʱΪǼףİټǲϸǵս⣬޷ѹսȵسˣ
ৣ
ƵٶȼΪѸ٣çļӳ֮£˽γһɫĹߣȻǳ˵ʥǰе췣֮۶ɵĳݺݵ£
ˣ
ղǼеĳǱΪǿҵ֮Ŀռ䶼ֱӵѿ¶ڵѺۣͬһ㣬ŵʥɱȥ
ʥ΢΢̧ͷۣͻʸ˫˳ȥԷʩչĹûзϣŲƣ˵΢΢ػζ¡
䣡
еĳǲŵʥ߶£һȻǱʥ׵رܿˣɫ΢䣬аǰ벽ۼĴڣǻʸ˫ҲԼĹ
ȻʥܹܿЩҲԤ֮Уһ̣ƵһյĳǶȻرѶ
貵âǼһѳһģֱӵؾסԱߵʥǷɱУ
䣡
ֱӵ˵ʥȻǵʥȴǱԭأûκεضüͷֱ壬һ˿ס
ʱ򣬷ƵжȻһּΪΣյĸо˲ȫëը룬Ѹٵǰֶȥ
飡
ڷƶһ˲䣬оһΪǿҵĿռ䲨һۻգֱӵԭվڵĵط
ɫ΢䣬һۻΪ£Ǳǵನ˵βܿƣڰ֮кסΡ
ô£
׽ֱֱɨӶΧȴûзκεĲףͬղһۻƾյȻһ֮ʱȴɫʱһ䡣
Ϊ˵ʥӰڻɢȻǲǱ𣡶һӰ
ৣ
룬оƼٵ˸ȻһȴûüܶۻӰΣֱӵػ˷ơ
ػε;һѪ벽۵һȻǿᣡ
ʥûţ˲ɵ¶˽ɫڷƵ״̬ΪĵͬʱҲΪʥǿеľܹյ۵ǿߣȻ˵
ǡʥ΢˫â֣ɨΧؿռ䣬Ҳ޷׽ʥӰֻǸоΧĿռһƼΪ΢Ŀռ䲨ʱʱ֡
ŵ֮УһΪأֲֵݻΪһƬصƬ棬ʩ߾ףʥҲǸ̾ޱȣҪƽ⣬Ҳǵûһ
ܹȥôüͷ㿴Ϊص̫ˣǽһƬռ䣬ǻԼ
֪УҾͳ֣Ͼ˲ͬһױġʥҡҡͷжڷܹƽأҲǲʲôϣ
ƵصصԶǱѪɫҲǼΪؾ㵣֪ʥǿ󣬵ȴû뵽ǿĵزȻһֱӵؽԼˡ
߲ϵƶͼѰҳʥټʥһȻ£ǷƵѾǴʥ۷׶ΣҲûش
õǱߵѪңңƣٻԼڣϵػܡ
Ȼʱ򣬷ٶһΣյĸоͬ󣬵һΣûѡ֮мٵ۳һ췣ֱ֮ӵתݺݵضĿռ£
䣡
֮Уʱ۵âǼĽռ˰գɫâϵسգһ̣һӰҲâ֮¶΢Ǳ˸ƺ췣֮Ϊɵ


2046 
ƵٶõõʥβòֳΪ췣֮ƻǰ벽۵Ҳ֮档
ͬʱҲͬظ˴ۡ
ղŵͬԼӲس˵ʥһ˵ֱ۶ѪܵصۻõڵѪڲѡ
ȿȣ
ȲϣǲϵѪҺ˫ŵʥӰԸղһ£뷨ܹƺʥ
㻹̫ˣ棿ʥȻ¶Ӱɫûκα仯Ψһֵɵģֻ췣֮֮⣬
һƬռ䣬ҵأ棬ҾףҾ죡ʥףҲҶ֣֪
ʥؿŷƣһĪʹ֮⣬ղŷ˵ʵջĺܣ֪ջɱ˷ƣҲԷش
ǿƵĵʥƻվһԼֱۣΪֱӵس˵ʥһֱѪģǿɭɫĹͷ
Ҫ֪Ѿʥ۷壬ѰĹ޷˺ʥȻܹصƣǰ벽۾ǿߡ
һ̣бǸһĨ㵣Ϊоõһֱֱ֮Ĵߣĳ֣ԼҲѸٵظԭ
ô£ǰҲȻָԭٶȡƽüͷԼ֮״²ⲻ͸ô¡
Īһ뵽Լǰ飬ȻڷԺ֮и֮ʱҲǷˡ
䣡
Ժ֮һը죬ƵԺ֮пʼֳַЩַΪԭʼͲǷʶ֣Ƿȴ֪Щַ˼
ڵı仯ҲȻر˫һĻ֮Уɫ΢䡣
ǼһﵽʲôԵʥȻ˫ļ٣ƾֹҲ̫ˡ
޷ƺʲôʥȻصղһ˲䣬Ƶڴһ΢Ĳ죬Ҫȥ׽ʱֲȴѾʧӰ١
ʥüͷŷǰģȴ˸ֲ²⣬ܹΪ벽ۼǿߣһֱڷƵƺһЩ仯
һʱ֮䣬ʥҲһעӣҪƵҪʲô
ʱ˵һЩµַУ𽥵ؽеַ⣬ڵϢҲȻת١

͵һЩµַһֹΪܶصĴˣֻʣһֻҪ겻𣬾ܹ߶Ȼ
ͬػݵʱܹػָ۷״̬
ƴʱг˿ϲ죬ϵֻҪôͽ޵е״̬
Ҳģʩ˵ʩչһηҪҪ֪һʥ۷ǿߣ⣬ҲǾǧҪʩչ¼ʥǿߣҲ
̺֮ôа鴫֮ǿ˻óĶȴ̺̫˼ˡ
ң飬ȴûзκιڳܣõȴɡ
ʱ򣬵ʥƹãûκζɫҲ𽥵ر÷ˣҲߵװŪİϷҽɣ
£ԵʥڴݶԵʥ֮У۳һ貵Ĺâؾ𣬶ŷơ
һĨɫԵʥ˸һŹâƽʵǰɱ̺ĺ֣ʥҲһʱ֮޷
ʥҪһΣûնɱ˷ƣ˽һУ
ȻȴӦһ㣬˫ֱŵʥֱϵ֮£ѾǾȬˣѪڣܹش
˵ƬصףôұҪ棡
Ƶޱȵؼᶨսٶ۳췣֮ս⿪棬еĳøΪ£ڵʥûг֮ǰٶȳ֡
ҲͼҪ棿Ц֮ʥĮȻؿŷƣҲ΢΢һĨײɫҲ˲ʧԭء
Ȼڵʥһ˲䣬ʥԭɵɫʱΪ֮һ䣬ʧãʥϲģȻ˼թ


2047 ʥɱ
ڵʥֵһ˲䣬һŹâ̺֮ɱѾǳ׵رʥҲǸоΣԲŻֱӵŭŵʥ
ʦ֣ô
ʥǿߣܲʥһ̺ĿҲǲԡ
ʥϲģȻңֱӶԷɱ֣һεĹңҲδܹʥɫüΪأʥĻ̫ˣǲԼԱߣҲҪֽƸɱ
ǴʦָϽ֣ȻƾΣˡԣҲǼ벽۵ȫһǾԿԻذĿ
ˣѾ֮ˡʥ̾ϢһܹŹһĻ
ʥ£ֻе췣֮Ѿŵʥһ
䣡
һ죬ͬʹըһ㣬µϵӶż֮ضڲ貵ĹâŰա
ͣ
âϵĴ䣬ͬϸߣ֮ռǱ
µߵתǬ
ʥһҲ쳹ܣڸǹһըľ죬һ̣貵Ĺâ֮ռ䲻ϵŤ
ڹâ֮УԼһ޴ӰֶӰͬƬصףӵſµƣȻֱӵضâ֮ݺݵعȥ
һɣԶ죬һĻҲ¶һĨ˷ܵɫԱߵĻʸ˫΢΢һ㶣Ϊ˵
ǵ֮ΪµһʽʦԼΪǰʩչĥԷ궼ֱӵ𣡡
˷ܵصʦûгΪ۵ƹ֮ʱұʩչһʽ޽ʽ
ʸ˫ԣҲǾ㵣벽ʩչȻΪǰᣬǿޱȣ˵ƣԼֳҲδܹ⡣
貵â׵ռż֮أµϵϯȥʥʩչķѾǳ׵رâ֣Ǵ۵ââҫ֮£Ȼ𽥵رȥ
ƵϢ𽥵رɫ䣬ƵϢڼٵؼǵâ֮£ͬûκεֿһ㡣
ûв´ĻǿĥƵ궼ܹĥʥ̾һȻʥŵʥûнֹȴǼΪ֪˴˵ĵϸ
Ƭ̣ǻƽ貵â𽥵ɢеһߴģӰҲǰâɢʧ
Ͼϣ棿ֱǲ֪
ʥλ¶ЦʥȴǿԲʥʱϢ΢࣬ϾһʽҲҪʥΪ۲ܹʩչ
ˣʧؿſУʱƵӰѾʧϢҲǲɸӦõͬ׵ʧˡ
ΨһֱüͷǾǻʸ˫ֱƾԲܾ򵥵䣬ΪɸУǳըû벽۵һȻǿᣬҲ޷أ
ʥԺվˣһеĶҶ𽥵ֹͣ½ҲٶȻָƽʥƵϢѾǲˣҲǽʥϣЦ
ǵ۵ˣһֺıȻԸһҲҪֶΡʥɫΪ࣬ڵʥֶμΪܣȻǰɱܹĸֱ֪ӵضԷʩչһ
ʥ㻹̫ˣ磬ֻЦ󣬲ӮңмʲôֶΣֻҪﵽĿľ㹻ˣʥЦԽԽãһڽնɱս󣬶ҲŵվѹԺһͷ
ԺҪõ䣬Ѱҵĺ壬ƱնɱԺĿҲգֻҪɳô۽ǳ׵վ½۷壬֮һ
̫ˣʥ˫¶˾˵ɱ⣬ĮȻصԤѳ֣նɱ䣬Ҳսһڤڤ֮УɰţЦһˣͼıһУ
ֻҪҵʵǿҾ죡ʥһЦֻҪ̤һԺҲ޷ֹң
ھնɱ㣡ʥȻ£ϢϯֱӵŵʥΪԼһʱ⣬ȻʥһΡ
ɱңαͽʥЦԼʵžԵţɱʥʥҲɱ
Ȼʱһܴõʥ͵ʥΪ֮һ¶˾㵵ɫ
˭˵ˣ


2048 
ĳ֣õڳ˵ɫǱüΪʣʥǳ˲ŵɫɨܣŷܹһʽ
СӣҵһֱС㣡ʥһ㶣ҲǹЦƾȻûʵǳϣҪ֪ԵʥһҲΪͷۡ
Բܣһʥôܹһ֮´ʥıʱǱüΪʣܹʹţʩչһʽȫûãǵ˷һ
ʥ۷ǿҲǾǧȰ벽֮ǿߣټһЩҩϣܹͻ꣬Ҳһ꣬ڵʥ˵ҲһСˡ
ϲģؿԼĽŰɡʥʥɫҲǹЦ
ʱʥԱߵĿռȴͻȻŤһֲϢӿ֣ĻһӰȻǷƣ
ʱķƳȴɫ΢԰֮⣬ûκεƣϢҲû˿ؼ
СӣƲȻܹһ֮»ûһġʥģҲ¶˲ɫ
ʥΪƾһЩ˲õĶǱܹһεĹȻҲشǴ۷״̬ͬûκεˡ
Ǻǣ˰ա΢΢һЦҲһղԵʥʩչһУ̺еɱһ˲䣬ͲˣԿǺоԼԼ궼ܵ˿µĥ
ûκεسɣֱӵش߶˷Ǽ䣬ʼӿȻڵʥ֮£Լϵرĥ𣬵ȴûܵκӰ죬Ҳǳû֮У
ٺ٣ϲģʩչһҲҪСĴ۰ɣⶼҪӴˮһհ˵ʥϣ¶˲õЦݡ
㡭ʥ¶ЦݣŭҪٶȶ֣һΣʥһֱע⡣
ʥһ̤ƻŵʥϲģҪҪ㣡
ʥһϲģõʥбѣɫǵļΪͨ죬嶼ڲϵزҧгݵضŷƣɱˣʱĲˡ
ʥʱҲûа취ˣΪʥ֣ƽ֣ʱֵĻô潫˵Ϊز
ʥҲɫɱҲʱԵʥ֣ǻռݷǳһ棬ƺ֣˵ܹʥش
ĻҪĴʵ̫ˣҲöϾ벽۾ǿߣ˵ɱܹɱõǴ۳֣һָɱ
ǹݣʥ΢˫ɨһ۷ƣûܹɱ㣬պֻҪ̤侳һ۱Ȼ׷ɱ
ҷƿɴû¹ǵۣб¾ɱҰɡױв԰벽۵ǿߣҲԸ֡
ʥɫøΪѿһǷת뿪ͻʸ˫ֱӵƿȥż֮صĿռʥǿ˵޷ڰ벽ǿ˵ֻ̧־֮¡
ʸ˫ȥ֮ǰؿһ۷ƣɫ˵ĮȻƸоʸ˫ߣƺ֮пһЩʲôһ̣ʸ˫Ѿʧż֮ء
㽫Щ鷳ļһˡ
ʥ뿪ҲǳһϾ½ͷ״ν棬˵ǲ¡
ƣһԺɡʥ΢΢һЦ˷Ƶϣһ棬ȻҲϣܹԺ
ƳƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷϾʥٶΪϧŵ۷һкǸжҶ˵ĺøҲͣرۣԺ˼
Ȼʥǰʢ飬ҷĳȴҲԲλˡ
Ƶ׿ϣҲǹЦŷƵļЦһսԺڵʱܵˣӲˡ
ȤҲǹЦʥֻ̧ƿռ䣬ƿգŷȼֱӵ뿪ż֮ء
һ֮󣬻֮Įż֮ĶҲڣΪһеԴͷѾǱ


2049 侳Ժ
Էʥһ뿪ż֮֮󣬻ص侳ڼ˴˵֮еԺ
ʵ֮ǰƶԺĶһֱоɻ侳Ժ۱ϾѾǳͻ侳ԺΪһ㡣
ǣڷ̤侳ʱҲ˽⵽侳ΪαΪ侳ĴϣĿȥÿһͨ˶Ϊҽǲ侳˽һװ
侳֮˽䣬νǼΪֲ֮ĵۣҲδֵܹסƸ̾
ʥһϢ״ѰˣһЩǲ˸ûбϳɫ۷ʥƹԺǿߡ
ŷƵĲ⣬ʥҲǵȻһЦ侳֮䣬ȷݺ½ô
һ£һɽȻ֪ۺԺȥͷȻᱬһΪҵսʤߣǿ԰½ʧܵģɢʷĳ֮С
Ժ͵ȻͬǱ˵ҶͬԴȵ֪ǲ½ңԶĹȥȵǿΪ˶ĳһµӶǨƵ½ʱԱЦŵԺ͵һ˵սô½˵Ҳһѡ
ѵûа취뿪½ôƽüͷ뵽⣬ʱ֮УǻԼ׵ر»һ鷳
֪½ԤôʥͻȻͣ˲תŷЦ
Ԥԣ΢΢һ㶣ѿڶǸ併٣һ˭棬ɸ飬ƣ
û֪ⲢԤԡʥ̾һ浽һ̣Ժ͵۶붷֮С
Ԥԣƽüͷϣǰһｫ仰ԼģĪԤԻ
ңұ֤Ҹ˵ԤûаʱǼˣԤԵȷûݹ½汾
ҲԤԻа䣬ΨеۺԺÿһǿ߲ʸ֪ʥЦΪΧ
Ԥǣ
併٣һ˭棬ɵɸ飬ƣԤԣʥһգɵ
ⷬƵ˶ԭأԤԾȻŰûɵ˵ڲ½˳ɵȻΪô
ָң˵Сʣ˭Ȼ󻹻ǣɸнüͷһж̫ˣɸԼԺ֮УһֱδйκηӦҲû̫ᣬƺɸ½ŲǳĹϵ
ȻʱʥĴ֮£Ƶ˳е֮ǰһΪĽɫǽ಻ռǧһƵĸͨɫΪۡ
ԺƿһۣԼǰĴһңɷд֣Ժ
ûԺ߰ɣȥһʦֵܡһż֮ӳ죬ػصԺһֻ㱸Ĵ
Ƶ˵ͷһ˱ֱӵؽԺ֮У̤ԺĴţһ֮һŨϢ
ԺĽģƲţִһЩСͯ۵УҲӿһŹ֡
ʲôֵģԺԺ˼ǽЦصƺԤ֮С
ѹ㾪ȣûǰ˵ʥЦΪ侳֮˽䣬Ƣ𱬣ҼΪ׳嶯Ժڵ壬侳֮еˣСʥ֮飬ΪҲ׶֡
ԣƲǻȻԭԺ壬ҲǼΪѹһ·Ͽ˽䣬ȴûпִȫǱ̬
ԺǿߺôǣҲ֮з˸̾Ȼܹ侳֮е˸лƾһ㣬ͳ˸޷
ȻԺ侳Сʼʥ飬ڳɳ֮УԺҲǸϰ䣬ģǻֱӵɽԺԺΪм
ûв´ĻһɫĸԺ̧ͷһƻֺĸ


2050 Ժֱ
ûԺһҪŵ۽֣ôЩ˲мʥЦһӣԺ֮ڶྴ֮У¥¡
վ£Ҳ𽥵رأƵĺɫӵв棬ǿԿʱʱֵ磬תĹâ
ңΪ÷ƼɵǣɫϢϢͬ˯㣬ʱѹ
ԺԺ΢΢һЦɫǵʥֳֵ۱Ҳδܹơ
滹λʥ׵ǿߣӦþ˵ʦ֣һʵǿᣬѹܹƸ̾ȻǵۺԺ֮еǰ½ϵ壬ʥףȷ㲻ʲôΪҪʱǵۻԺӵа벽۵Ϊ
ҷƻܹʥ͵ʥϸܵŨһİ벽ۣʱпͻƳɵ۵ǿߣǷȱֻһ
ЦصһԺֵǿߣԺΪǿһʥǿ߰ڣžλϴʦֵĻʮλǿߣ
ɫԺĴʼƶģܿ
֮Ҳ˳ĬںܾúܾǰԺǵۣ¶ŲСĪŹϵ
ȻڷƳ˼֮ʣںɫĸ֮УҲӰֱӵڸĶƮ£һˣʥ֮󣬽ǹضŴʦ
ףôֻѩСѾͷأһ֮󣬷ˣҲǲصѰ͵һʱˡ
ѩѾǰ˵һ߳˿ռѺۣӿ֡һɫ۵ºҲһЦ
˵޺ʦ֣ôĿǰôԣҲɫ΢䣬ƺǸǸ˲õĵط
ڵѩʦôҪ˵ȥһȥΪСԱ͵ЦҲζ
ģôʦ֣𾴵㣡СӲ̬Ҳװѣʵ֮Ҳǳɡ
ٺ٣ҵСʦܣ첻ӷ˲ٰʱһ۵ӳЦƾȻָ
ӣǷƣˣͬһʱȫ˼ƤڣʥɫҲǱòȻ˼
޷ʦ㡭ʦ֣ϾͷŹСİɡǺܺ´ˣ˺˰벽ǿЦɫ
Цһο첻µزµȻҲ¶飬¶Ժ⼸λʦֵҲżΪŨҵȤ
ȿȣƣһ¡ʥȼɫ۷ºӵ޺ۣԺĶʦ֡
ģʦܣɱССٶʥ֮пνܵС
޷Ժʦ֣ΪҺ޺ۡ
һ㶼ѾʶˣСѾͷƬӣȥִˣǻ֮ٽܸʶʥЦ
ʥɨӹˣָŷƣǷƣҲԤ֮е䡣
ʥ仰£ԺǼλɫҲ𽥵ֱŷƣ²ϵشƺԷƼȤ
䣿Ԥ֮е֮ʼ޺΢΢һЦڷƵϸܵһּΪҲȲһִܹŴʦֲ硣
ãģʦһ˳ȥһǿߡĵҲµųЦݣŷһЦ
ƽһһ΢ЦͷӦҲһԺЩ˲ûΪԤԵĴڣԼĿ
ϣλôǿӡʱһƵɫȻر̣ȫúòڡ
޷ôһȴ¶ôŮԻһ棬ǷƣҲһ顣
ϰ߾ͺˡڷƵϸȻûپϵ財
ðɣʲôȥ˵ʥ˻֣˱ڿնֱӱźɫĶȥ
ǰԺӰҲһ̾ԺȻԻ֮أһȺֱǿߣǷ֮УҲһɼΪµ


2051 
ںɫĶ㣬װγߵǽ֮ϣذڷ鼮̴㴫˽Ҳƽ͡
°ɣԺûôأ׷ԶΪʥһط£ЦкҲ£֮䣬˵Ц
÷ƸоĵǣԺ⼸λǿߣûΪԼԤ֮е䣬ԼƫһͬϤѾõһ㣬̸ЦȻ޷ȫƤ
ˣ֣˵㲢½֮ˣ޺۽˷Ƶϣâ֣ȻŷƵǸȤ޺׷Ҳֹͣ˵ЦȻҲ뷨
ǺǣȻλڵĵطеȤҾͲ˵һ¡Ҳ΢΢һЦǰʧȥ˼䣬ȫԼĹȥż֮һУԼҲǻָ˼䡣
ڵĵطһǿƵ䣬Ⱥ۲棬ÿ춼Ŵĵ䡣𽥵ؽԼǰ½һЩ鶼˵˳
ЩԺ˵ޱȵʣʥҲ¶ɫϾ侳ÿһ˹ʵĶǺսѪҺԺǿߡ
ʥ߹Ķ߹ôһ磬Ȼǿ˵زȫس
һľ磬Ȼᷢ·ˣ졣ЦȻʥǿ޷ö߹ݣҲ㹻ض࣬½Ϻü
֣ˡðһ⡣ʥӵɫ࣬˷Ƶϡ
˵޷
ڵдôʥɫ࣬Ȼһ⼫Ϊӡ
ƳƬ̣ҡҡͷûУؾر仯һЩǰĹ𣬵ΪصľޣǶ޷ӳӦֻܷӳ벽۵ܹɵΪۣܹصĽЩǹҲܹӳӦ
羹ȻǿĴڣŷƵ˵ԺһǱɫ͹жôǿȵ֮ǿǳԽ˴۵Ĵڣ
ȻУΪعı仯УҲֻܹӳ벽۵ƵеأСһܹ࣬ɵۣصĽôСȾܹӳ
ôҪȥߵ磬ûа벽۵ľ磬ҲΪΣյһ¡ʥ̾ҡͷ½֮ϣʥѾǴ۷ǿߣ벽۸ֻλڷڵ֮УȴδԵе㲻ˡ
ʥǰ㣬Ҫ֪Ϊʱܹͻƴۣ磬ܹȵˣҲǲûж٣һЩ۷ŵ̴ڣǲ൱Ŀ¡Ҳǳ̾һ㹻ǿĵ̣ǵյҲᷢ
çȻ壬Ϊû㹻ĵ̣
ˣ֣֮Уûν۷ʥͻȻǿ׷ʵΪȵԺһĳһ
СֱӵػشȺ壬νǴľͷԺ͵Ʋࡣ
ȻԼ˵һ仰֮Ҳסˣȣ壬ۣԺĪ֮ʲôϵ
ʱʥҲǻһ૵壬ǾûˣմԺһλǿߣž
˵ԺĴһҲ΢΢㵣Ҳδ̫ˣѵ½ͷտٳô
Ӧòˡʥɫ𽥵ӿһĨ˷ܵɫһĻʸ˫ʲôͷôһ𣿡
ɫúǹŹ֣صΪȵһˡ
ͶˣȵĴˣӦ֪һЩ£Ѱҵ˵ۣҲܹ˵һʥЦŵ
ѹֵǷҪȥۣðȥڿĻšҲǴ㵵صڵһĻҲ겻ѣշƸʸ˫ȥۣʱ˶֪ô¡
ҲǸ־ɫԺȻĴУԺ֮ģ֪ԷΡ
Ⱑѹǵƣԭлôһ顣ҲǸ̾


2052 جĴ
ĪǷŹϵԣʥҲ΢΢һ㶣¶ϲɫ
Цŵ˵ͷϵȷǲǳ˿ԼʱؼԺҲδⲻһ£Ժǳһġ
ʵ̫ˣܹ뿪½»÷ִȥѰҵ塣ʥЦŵΪʥΪͣǿӦ֮еλ͡
Ȼû⣬Ժڶǿߣ֪ǰһȥƱҲǳ⡣ҲЦŵ˵ͷ
ˣΪҪ뿪½ۺԺǿô֮룬ǿٳ½üͷһֱǲ⣬Ȼ˵ǿΪ˶ĳһµӶһ뿪硣
ǣһ֮УȱǿߣǴۣܹЩǿ߶Ǹо־ֻʲô֮Ĵô
Ϊʱȥ̫ˣҲȱµһ˵־һҲ޷ֵʱȺ֮зֱŲͬŻԺ͵뿪ǿ߿½ʥҲǸ̾һ½Ѿǲ֪˶꣬յʷͰʱʧ
ȫû˵ܹ˺ۼĴڣ˵Щǿ߶Ҫ־顣ҡҡͷЩ飬ΨȺͷһЩϻʯŻ֪
Ժں֮ǰ뿪½ػ֮У½ǿ߲˽ƣ˳ɵۣܹ½ĽҺ͵ʥ֣Ҳ޷뿪
ԭ½Ҳδܹɵô˳˼Ҳ㣬ƺԶʱڵǿ߲˽ƣش䣬˳ɵۣ£Ҫɵ̸ۣס
Ҫ˵ʱһЩȴǷˣͻȻ֮䣬Ժڶǿ壬Զط΢⡣
ʥˣɫ͵һ䣬ƺʲôһ㡣
ţôˣƲؿÿ˵ɨӶ֮϶һͬ壬ϸֱ棬Ψ岻һ㡣
ѩʦ鷳ˣɫȻرɢ΢â壬Ժһ壬ΨʦֵܲУһΣգֻҪ߶壬ԶܹӦ
ѩʦǽʥףһ²ᶯ壬˵ǿ˴鷳ɫҲǳԺڶʦֵ֮Уһ壬Ҳ˵вΣգ
ǲȥôôǶΣյĴڣʥҲ΢΢˫󰴵˵֣һЩѲҲڻв
ǵģǰŵĿռڵĲǼǳ鲻ʱ䣬һȥˣ˵ռڵ㶥ǲȶһЩѺֻۣҪȥ޸һ¾Ϳˡ޺Ϊʦ֣ȻǱȽȥ
ȵȣ˵ʲôطпռڵ㣿һ£½ʧʱҲδ˵Щ
㻹ǵ˵½֮ϣŲٵطʥǿǰҲΣأһνĿռڵ㣬˵½֮УΨԺ͵ۣһЩĸŻ֪ͨ˸ûа취Ӵ͵
½ǵǿʹĪͨٳΪǿῪٳҰŵЩǿ𽥵䣬½ϵһЩطҲǳһЩ仯ռĲȶһЩͨδ֪֮صĿռгֵ֣طǼΪռڵ㡣
ôһ£¶˴㵵ɫһ£ǵȻſռڵĳ֣ôǿͨЩռڵ㣬뿪½ô
ŷ˵ʥ˽ҡҡͷȵ½Žƣ½ˣ޷ͨռڵ뿪Щδ֪֮صȴܹͨЩڵ½Ժ͵۵еָһſռڵĳ֣Ҫɳʥǿǰȥ޸
δ֪֮أƽüͷв룬½֮ص̫ˣȫû˵ĳ֡


2053 ǰ
ʱ޶࣬ԺٸͣѩʦǱΣգǵñȥɫ¶Щ֮ɫ
ʥһܣڷƵϣһ£ƣȻ˴ǰȥΣ޺Ͻ飬Ϊͣһһ㡣
ƳƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷԺҲûʲôһǰʲô󣬻ܹ˽⵽һЩ½顣
ƵͷӦʥҲһƵΪԲ޺ҲǾԼԲǷƵĶ֣ĳְæҲʲô֡
ãȻˣھͶɣԺµĿռ䴫͵㣬ֱƿռ뿪ˡʥ˵˵ͷָһâǰĿռ䡣
ʱռ俪ʼŤĿռ֮һռлγɣԼɵâ͸
ŷһۣҲǵ˵ͷֱӵ̤˿ռ֮У뿪Ժ
÷뿪֮ʥһҲһʱ޺ʦ֣Ԥ֮е䣬Ժպ󲻻ʲôɣ
ʥԣһЦˣȻʶãȴܹоִ֮ˣϱպҲԺʲôٶԵ۵̬ȲôѺãû£Ժֿһλǿߡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷΨ޷üͷʵϸܵ˼ΪµϢһһ֣
޷ôһ˵Ҳǵɴ۾Ҫ֪޷ȻԸŹ֣ģȴΪڣЩǿУ۶ԷضҲ޷ӳĸӦ
ʥ˵ͷܹƿ췣֮
˻һ˶ˣʥɫҲǸеΪЦԼһۿʩչ췣֮ʱҲǾһϾ췣֮Ϊµƻ֮û˿ƿȴˡ
ֱһ޺૵ص֮ΪµĪھ췣ܹ֮췣֮˭ԸΪ֡
ȥķƣȻǲ֪ԺʱѾͨ˿ռν
һ֮أһƬߣľήļûУƮŻɫȻһƬϡ֮ء
ͣ
һļžֻһԼĪǰ˸ߵľʯȴǶȻ˹âķĳ֣ԱߵĿһĿռȴǻŤγһռС
ӰԿռ֮ԳȻǷˡ
Сĵ㣬ҪʥǿһҲǶ֮ǳһ΢عâͬʱ˷ơ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʵӦѾ˷Ӧһ۵Ĺâʱ֮ӿֶסԼ
ЩȻ˿£ʥǿ߶ǿԿơƿΧЩƮŵĻɫڽӴԼ֮󣬾ȻҲܹһâЩҲ쳣ؾȡ
ٺ٣ɱСɲǱ濴ȥƽǵûУٺһЦʾŷƽͶԶĵ֮ϡ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ĲһƬ˿Ҷĵ棬һЩǿʼ˸ãûʲôֵעĵط
Цʥʣ͵شһâǲԶĵ֮ϣʱ߽ǵҶը
𣡡
ͻڿҶĴµʱһŭǴ׽Ϊע⵽ˣǵȻ䶯
͵سһӴӰһͷľޣòΪ׶Ϲ࣬¶˫ϵĴɨӣ˵ŭ
ʱƺ֪֣ҲǵһʱŷԶԶضȥ뿪һƬط
ղô£ɫɲʱ˶ڰ֮У˫ŲδأղһĻ龰Ҳг˾㵡
֮ȫ󣡶滹ŲĿޣһ֮ϣͻᱻЩ޷֣һ£󣬶ޣʥǿˣҲճ͵
ЩҲǲɣ͸ղһͷԣǿʥ׵ˡƽüͷһƬ涼ޣôǴУҲǼΪա
ţûҲõģЩһ뿪޷档һЦֻҪͿˡ


2054 
һһ޼ʵ֮Уǻɫʶ֮У˽Ƭ̶ûͣһ·շС
Һ˽ʥǿߣϵطжĵ˵Ȼ࣬˽Ŀĵ֮зУҲǳ֮ơ
ѵ޷λôüͷ壬һֱǲɢ΢â壬˽֮УѾСˣȴһֱûѰҵԺˡ
ֻھ벻ԶܹӦʱѩǻ̫Զˣ޷ӦҲüͷȻҲ֪ȥµȴҵѩʦõʱҲ׶༪ˡ
ǼȻܹӦռڵĳ֣ѵûоλôƲʵ
ǸղųֵԱߵһʯûУԺǿµĽƣܹ˿ռڵ㣬ܹʱԺ֪λҲǴ֮󣬲ܹѰҡʼεص
ͻȻ֮䣬˫۶Ȼһǰ˵ģǳ˿ռڵ㣬ôҲ˵ֻҪܹӦһطĿռ䲨ѰôܹѰҵˡ
˷Ƶ뷨Ҳǳһ£˵İ취ǲǲԣ̫ˣǴʦˣҲ޷˲Ӧһ㲻Ѱ
Ҳֻһԣҵĸ֪ӦÿɢһȽϴķΧ԰ɣùäĿѰҡ̯˫֣µҲֻǿӣҲǵ˵ͷ
˵αͣٶڰ֮Уƽ˫εΪģѸٵܷ俪ͼӦΧռĲѰ֮
Աߵȴһؽ֮ɫΪǴ׻ٶǰµɢʱпܴ̼ޡ
Ƭ̣ǽ˫ƺûκεķ֣ʱɫѾȻرò԰һſŻƶĺ鿪ʼ¡
𣡡
һŭȻͬһ㣬ְ취ȻΪֱӵģҲΪ鷳ģΪ̫ǿᣬµޱߡ
ߣⷽԲǧĿռ䶼ûκβѰĲ͵˫ͺȵ˵α⣬Ѹٵʧԭء
ڷ뿪˲֮һֱƽĵȷǼرըһͷ­ȫĶǶ࣬˵ŭǲ٣һۿȥȻŲϰͷ
ƺٶȱ£ǧľ룬˵ҲƬ̵飬뿪ԭ֮󣬷ƺҲͣٶ£ֵŭ𽥵رòţҲһ
Ҫµ޶˰ЦȻƵЧʣȴҪܸķգ뵽ڶȫ֮¾Ǹ龰ҲͷƤ顣
ҪѸѰҵѩʦãȻҪеһաƲһºˮЦص
仰ɫе㲻Ȼ֧ʲôҵѩʦá
ļ¶һҶɫЦװˣԴѩ֮һֱ侲ΪҿôͲûдˡ
˵ǴԺʦֽãȻеġֻɫҲѵõ¶һĨɫ
һ˺ʲôأֲǼ˵顣ƹһЦʾԼѹأȻǼԼ֪ΧԲǧĿռ䲨
ûУ
ûУ
ûУ
һ˽ӽʮΣÿһεĽõʧ˵ٶϣ֮أҲǷ֮ĵطڶ޾ŭ
ԽԽޱƵһЩʶظŷƵĹ켣һֱ׷ǵĺȻԽԽޣӶƵĺһȺƺƵ
ģЩƺǣһֱڽ׷ɫüΪѿȥȴǼΪ
ǣ뷶ΧӦòˣղԼز׽һ˿ȴǼΪ΢һߣûаɣָ̱һѸٵȥ


2055 Ѱ
Ǳǰϵ޴¾ѣ׷׵ŭ
ǻüǰٶ˫һҡҡͷʾϣһȥ
Ҫͣ£ٶĻޱġ̾һ಻ϵɫԽԽء
ްӦþ벻ǺԶˣ˵㶼˵ǼΪ֮أпȥһʦþͻ⡣Ƴһµ
ǡ
ˣޣֻҪٶȹ죬Ǿ;׷ϣʼЦʲôʱҲôˣ
ƻ޳ߣҲֻǴмȰͷ˵ҲԣֻҪǵٶȹ죬ͲᱻЩ½ѵв
Ѿõڷƺ˵Ĵ֮£ٶȱ޴ӵ³˲
˶ҲǸеΪͷۣԹͷųԼϵѹҪѹסЩޣʧʱЩȫ޾壬˵֮±øӵؿ񱩣ϵ޾ѡ
֮£ƺֻǽԼϢȫЩȻ֮£ǶĲȴΪУһƵЩ޾ͺζһ㣬ŷ߾ۼ
ҷƵӦٶȱȽϿ죬ڸӦԲǧĿռûκβ֮Ҳ뿪ԭأõЩһա
ҲõЩ޸ΪطŭԽԽ޳֣֮ء
ʱ֮صĳһâֵӰڿмǰУƺڶʲôһ㣬ǵȴǿһ
ѩʦ㣬ûͻȻ֮䣬һӰ
ţʲôΪ׵ͬҲһŮӣ΢΢ͣʵʲô
Ҹղ˺Ůӳһ£ΪԼ˴ǶʱֵԽԽΪǡ
ʦã᲻ǴˣôûһһֱĬŮӣͻȻؿڵϸزԱߣȴûκ
Ϊ⣬ǵĺüӦûѩһ£ͷһ󣬵Щйذɣ
ʦ˼ǣЩĳ֣õ޶Ǳˣɫ΢䣬Ļôľ棬ǲôֹˣֲ֮⵽ʥǿ߶˺õо֮µޣ
֪Щ̫ǿˣǿ˶޷ֶԸֻǵʦǵĵѩɫ΢΢رһ΢΢Źâ壬ȴ˼ЩĪҪʦֳô
һβ֪ʦֻ᲻ǰǰԵǸŮϣüͷصʦ㶼Щˣ¾ʦ֣ҲδЩĶ֡
ӦûǴʦϾͨȵϢݻȥҲ֪ءѩ˵ͷϣϵƲ°ɣ
ҡҡͷʾԼû£㽻̸֮УûƬ̵ͣһֱǰǰƺڶʲôµĴڡ
˵ԭɵգʱȻȻرڣͬħһǰ
ҲǼѰѩ˵ټȻƵɨӹΧȴһţԲǧĿռһ쳣ûС
ûУǵüǰ
ƻ˫ɫ͸¶һĨƣ룬ʩչҪЩޣҲܲס
ˣǻϢһ£Ȼټ̬Ҳ֪ƵĴȥ»ûҵˣƾҪۿˡ
ҡҡ֣ʾԼû£ҪǰʱͻȻõĲΪ֮ͣ١
зӦˣǾ⸽ϲ䲻壬֪Ȼѩ˾ԼԶȻ岻㷴Ӧ
ǾͺãھͶɡָܹôҲһʵ
ԡЦŵ˵ͷȻһ̣ϵЦݾѾˣΪ˵Χ޳֣ԼȫΧסˡ


2056 ͻΧ
ͷ˶ɫüΪѿΪ˵ĳɣѾЩѭŷɢѰ١
¿ô죿ͷֻԽԽࡣͷϵص亹еľʥ
ԭһ棬ʱȴͬ棬سͷ޳Χס˷ˣϹ࣬һζ
ʲô취ֻǿȥ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ĵɨӣڰ֮УӦռ˲ƣЩȻ޷УǿԶݵشӵǵͻΧ˺ܴ鷳
ÿһͷ޵Ϊʥǿ޼óֶȫǶ±ǲ롣üͷ
ͻΧһ۵һ˲ͳ֡Ƴһ£Ҳ˶ԲߣҪȵͻΧǾǲܵġ
˵ͷһ˵ӰʱǱָķȻŷжһֱγɰΧ֮״ΧסǵޣʱǱˣ׷׷
ͣ
ƿһӴԾ£Ϲĸ࣬¶˷ֱӵضŷ˺ҧȥ
ɫ䣬˵Щӵпʥǿ߶Ϊ֮еͷ۵ʵǶ˵ȴвϾʥ۷ǿߡ
һ۵âֶٵ֮л۳һѳܶõľֻ췣֮৵һɫâһš
һͷޱڰ̶֮һӵطֳأɫȳҺ޵Ĳ֮֫緢ϡ
һɹҲһЩ޿ȥѲֻҪǲԷǾͲ̫ѹ
һͷޱն֮ȳɫҺ棬һЩ޵ϣ˭ϵⷴǸӵؼЩ֮еɱ¾
ԡͬѪҺϵ֮Ծ𣬳˰ա
Ʋò֣ΪҪԸЩޣҲԵǰ鷳żżͷһԾԵҲǳְæԸϾһ˵ޡ
㣬ֻǲϵЩ޵Χ֮д粽ǰУÿһǰһξ룬ҪͷڷƵ췣֮¡
ڷ֮£ǲԶѩˣʱҲܵ˼Ϊ
ô죬ѩʦ㣬Ѿ׷ˣΧ𽥳ֵһɫʱʱͷƳһۣɫøӲ԰ס
ԺˣڸʱѩоϵŵͻȻǴһҲ¶ϲɫ
ǡѾ޷뿪һƬˡһĨЦһܣһֺɫƣγһ硣
ΣҪȥԺʦѩҧҲһۣ˵ͷҲûа취֮еİ취
ԭǸӦ쳣Ŀռ䲨뵽һΪΣյĵطҲһȴûϵ˴û鷳
ڵ֮ѰһѰҵγѺ۵Ŀռڵ㣬޸ռڵʱȴǱһֵĺɫˡ
ֺɫ֣һصںɫǰѩǵֶζɲóʥǶЧһЩɫմȾϣ˵񶼻ܵ˼Ϊǿҵĳ
ھ˽֮ѩȻûҵЩɫķȴ֪ˣЩɫǿռڵ֮˵ʥǿߣҲ޷ֹ
֮£ѩԣֱӱͨ壬֪ͨԺˣҪȵʦֵû뵽ǿռڵ֮ĺɫԽԽ࣬Ƶϵ˺󣬶ЩɫȻ׼ѩˣȻ׷ᡣ
ԣѩ˴ʱѾǱĺɫΧ˶ǴУնǿʼúڰЩɫ֮£֮رøΪ졣
һҪס
ѩЩɫȫûа취ֻܹԭأĵصȴԺǿǰӪȡ
û뵽ǣڷ鷳˿ɣԽԽޣƺѹԽԽ


2057 

һ۵â֣ƶʱǽԾ޸նɱǰһûЩ޽ƾֱǰ֣Щ޸·ɱˡ
֮УΪŷƵɱ¾ԽԽƵҲԴ󷢡
ΪŵǣһξȻͬʱͷͬʱԾһҲӦԱߣһŷӦľ棬ͻ֡
ƣȥǾƴЩ޾ޣû뿪Ǿͻᱻžʥ·ϵޣʱͷƤ顣
ƳĬüͷȴǽ壬Ҳע⵽ˣʱƣ߾ۼԽԽ࣬ŲϱնɱҲû˿ؼ١
ȻʱͷһԼĹâԽԽ΢ǼٵؿʼɫҲǱý
ô£ע⵽ɫ仯Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Īѩʲô⡣
ѩʦΣգҪȻӡֲɫǽҧΧסޣҪӲسȥ
嶯ûа취ΧʲôóȻľٶ³Բƿɫ֪в룬¾ס
ô죿ɫʮֽܲӲܰɡ
ԣҲǽüͷȷǼΪ֣Ƭ̣Ƶɫرʩչһι֮û뿪ٶж߶죬ҡ
Ҫʲôһ۷ƣسʵ
ôȥǾ޷ڶʱ뿪Ψһ뿪ҵ޵ע⣬ǳ뿪ɫصص
УҪһӴô±Ƿԡ
ҪңЩٶ࣬Ҳɲ˶˺ƵȵǲĻᣬֱ֮ϱĴâһӴâǼٵгΡ
ơ㡭ŷƣ֪˵ʲôã֪Ϊ˳ȫӶȥѰҵѩһƾҪЩˡ
߰ɣ
һͳŭеâ͵󣬰͵Ǵ۵Ĺâʱ΢谵ĻܵӰ죬ͬҹ˰硣
Ƶôһ֣Ȼƺƴ󣬽ڶ޵Ǹ˹һʱ֮䣬ŭЩʶظоƿص췣֮һֺΪµǽûио־Ĵڣڷ֮󣬼Ծڰգŷ˺ҧȥ
ʱҲҧһ۷ƣҧ˱ΪƱ췣֮е˹ȥҲûע⵽ȥ
ˣֱӵرӶݳ޵İΧȦͷƳһ۴â֮еķƣҧҧ˱ǰָɱȥ
âԽԽ貣̶ϵ𣬷Ƶڿвϵضƶȥͷ޴֮Ծסȥ·
ȻܹľǾܵؽǰЩɱ¾Ȼ΢ͣ٣ΧǻܵԴԴ޹
ȥıӰҲһĹû˿ķɣԽԽƵ貵âʱϵɫҺӿ֡
ԼĪһʱâƽվڰ֮УͣشϢʱ֮ϵʬر鲼ţȳɫҺ档
ԷΪĵĸһ򣬶ǳ޵ʬѪҺԶڲŭţȴûǰһ㿿
ΪЩ޸о˿־壬ƵһɱԼǼǲɱ˶ͷޣֱЩײеҲ˿־壬𽥵ƿ֮Ǻࡣ
ǻ벻Ʋһ¶ͷϵ亹һЩɲȥޣҲǺݺݵһת뿪ķȥ
֮УЩȻһЩûһҳƣղŷƵķɱ¾Щ֪־ҲǲڶԷƳ֡
Ȼ޵ľ֮󣬷ֱӵذµϢָǰţܿͷ˲ףΪһƬڡ
ǵģһƬڣ棬ȻǱһƬڰ֣


2058 δ֪
ſǰһĻһƬɶֵ󣬵ǰȴһƬޱȣԼ֮Ųҽ
棿
Ʊ۾ϸһҲΪؿź棬ԽԽȻڵ״̬Ҳ
΢΢һ£ӰʱǳֱӵسһƬڰ֮У޾ĺڰֱӵرǽɶȥû
Ƹоǰһڣڵ췣֮Զֶžһ貵âǽ˶ǰš
һƬڰ֮غ󣬷Ƹо߽ͬӣô粽У˵ͬһεתҲܵӰ졣
⵽ʲôɨӣĿһƬڣʲôֻ΢΢ر˫˳ǰѰȥ
ǣֻ֮ߣ𽥵رòоƺʲôڶԼ񣬿תȴʲôֲָĺڰ
Щʲô΢˫һƬڰбһΣУŽԼ
ȴʧˣΧһƬڰͬصǿ޷ȥΧĺڰΣգڸ
ȻоԽԽʱıͻȻظһ˫ɫޱȵĺڰ֮Ϊۣȴںڰ֮ǰ
ৣ
һƿǴ˵˷Ӧһֱھ裬ñϵâҲ͵һӱͬϸ߰âϵΧĿռ䡣
Ǽ䣬ҲǳⱩǵâƿնľʲô
һڵİСӰò޶࣬һ˫ɫ˫ȴǸע⣬ƺǼɵϵ׷֮
ڷһ˲䣬âǣδ֪ﾹȻӲڰֹ֮ͣԼΣطأͶ˺ڰ֮УӰ
΢΢ʧٶȼΪѸ٣Ҳǿز׽ӰӷϮԼ߶췣֮ٵ֪Ѷˣ̾Ϣʱ䡣
ǿռڵֵôʹڵƽüͷǰߣȴǲ˿ķɣΪδ֪ٶȺܿ죬һϮпͬԼûӦ
㾯ںڰ֮һ·̣ȴɻûѰҵеһֲǻ֮ȥ֪δ֪ڸǻڵȴŻ֡
ǻۣ̣ٶȼ죬һ֣ѶԸаصֲָĺڰ֮Уͷۡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ͣ˽ŲµʧˣҲ˵⸽ΧһƬڣѰң
΢΢ر˫д㣬˾ͬһվԭأͬڵȴʲôһ㡣
ʱıһ˫ɫ˫ٶȸֶ˫׸ֵʱ򣬷Ҳһûмų֣ǰվԭء
Ȼһ˫ɫ˫֮ԱŸ̹⸡֣ȻЩδ֪ﲢֹһҲͬԤһ㣬Щ١
ȻƲ֪һƬھôγɣܹгûȻǰ򵥣ҲһۣڵȴЩδ֪ĳ֡
ɫ׻ؿƣû㲨ͬſռΪһ壬Ƿһֱž裬˷ԲʮķΧһУܹоõ
ৣ
Ƶ˫ȻһĨâЩδ֪ＴӴԼߵʱ򣬷ƶˣһ貵âֱ۸ֶ˲γһѳ
췣֮ӿǰĺڰ˺ѣһͷδ֪ڽӽʱһʱ֮ûзӦֱӵر췣֮УʱǷһֽ
һ֣δ֪Ҳش췣֮γɵĳи壬Էֱ۶и¡
δ֪ﱻشҲǲŷ棬ֱӵؼ˺ٶؽڰ֮УӰʱδ֪ͬҲǸܵΣգʧ
ǷȴûиΪ֮еһֲǻ֮ȥЩδ֪ʮֹ죬ȫؽΧĺڰ֮У޷֪ǵӰ
ΪͿô΢΢ղŵһ򵥣һδ֪ӡǡ


2059 
֪Щδ֪ΪƻΧĻȫԼڸղŵһ֮ϣδ֪մȾϵâѾһ˿ӡϡ
΢΢ر˫Ӧһӡڵķ򣬷Ҳ΢΢Ҳ΢΢һ˲Ϣޱ޼֮еĺڰ֮ȴǱһżΪ۵â
һֽâɢƿԼǰ췣֮ȫУȻ󳹵ɵδ֪ҲһȫɣΪ⸽ͬڡ
âƣƶϸع۲һѾδ֪ҲΪ㵣δ֪ò޶࣬ȫƤȴޱȣƤӲ˵γһ֮Ķһı޷Ƶķ
ҷƻע⵽ˣЩδָ֪зָףЩָͬҲһƬڣ̺綾
ˣĪǳȴ½磬δ֪Ŀռ䣿糾üͷȻ²ⲻЩδ֪ﵽʲô
ǰƶϿڵĳϸһ涼һЩޣס֮£ЩȻǻۣӦǿռڵ֮гֵġ
ϸع۲һûķ֣Ҳվɨһܣüͷ壬ҪľҪѰҵˡ
ǣΧһƬһڶδ֪ڣԼȥѰң
ȻʱٶȴƿƵɫһ䣬ûнжֱٶӳ貵âһ˺ڰ
һ˫һ˫ɫԺڰ֮и֣һδ֪ŷƷϮצӻƿƿΪ
һֱ͵һһ֮гЩδ֪ȥ췣֮ĿʱڰĿռ䡣
ڳ֮󣬲ϵںڰĿռ֮֮һ˫˫ɫ׶͸¶һ־ţȻǳη췣֮
Щδ֪췣֮ûκεطأһմȾϣȻǷһҵĽȻһ߱ʬ塣
ȫһƬɱ¾ڷƵĿ֮£Щδ֪ûа취ԼѾɱ
ţ
ͻȻ֮ɫһ䣬ղ֮ĵطԼؿһЩΪâ貣ʱؽֵطߡ
һǵͷ˼׷ɱЩδ֪ŸղĹ켣Ȼʱ򣬷۾һɫӼһĶš
ʲô
ɣԼǰһֱûзЩӼĴڣΪ⸽һƬڣȫһڰ磬ǸӦҲ޷Ӧõ
ʾԼܣԤЩδ֪ͻȻϮԼ˹Ӽڵĵطֱ֮ɫâʱǰɼ
ڷǰһ˸ߵĹӼͨ屻ɫĹâţһֹһһ£һĸ
ĸ
üͷ壬ƺ뵽ʲôԺ˽ǻĻ񲻾Ǹպĸ
Īǡ
ƵɫϸظӦһ֪ɫӼ棬һֻڱ
ˣ
жʱ˶ۣǰĸɫӼԾԺˣʲô飬ΪҲܵ˵
Ƭ̣Ƶƻ̽ǰһӼǻûӽɫĹӼʱЩϸ΢ı仯ǷҲǷӦ
ɫĹӼıһ󲨶ס˷Ƶƣƶʱɫ䣬ﰵвæֳΪʱ
ĺɫâزס˷Ƶƣһʱ֮䣬ƸоԼڵѪҺӿ죬ƺԼ𽥵š
ЩɫâȡԼоɲҪ췣֮ʱһ΢ĲȴǴ
ƣô
嶸ȻؽӲǰӼľȻ
ߣ뿪Ϊƺʱʧһ㣬÷жʱһ

ֱ֮췣֣֮۵âһ۵֮Уͬ룬ЩĺɫâڽӴ췣֮ͬè˲شӷƵгˡ
ˣҲһЩɫâΪ죬Ȼ֮˵ҲܵϮӶɫâγ˹ӼԴԴϵر


2060 
ʶЩɫӼĿ֮Ҳǽղʱ򣬸оϢ𽥵رȻĴΪ
ҪؽںɫӼ֮нȳɫأЩɫӼͷûУνȣ
üͷ壬һ̤ȻЩâη췣֮߿Զ췣֮ԸȻٴҪɫӼʱΧЩδ֪ʱǷ˵ƺھһ㡣
ৣ
ҪЩӼΧٶȸֳһ˫һ˫ɫڰ֮ΪۣȻʱЩδ֪ͬһ㣬׷ǶŷƷϮ
ȻЩδ֪ﵥԷƵв󣬵ֵٸһϮҲǲò֣ضԴһٶȳ˰˵۵â
һŵ˲両֣ڷƵߣ赲סЩδ֪ϮϾ֮Ի״̬ܴܾΪܵЩδ֪Ϯ
žŵĳ֣ƶʱǲЩδ֪ڽʣ׷ۣ֮֮ǰƣǰȥ
ȻϣڽӴɫӼͬʱ췣֮ϵӿ֣ƺЩɫâӼڱ췣֮Ӵʱ򣬾ȻѸٵˡ
Ȼã
ƼˣжʱϲǾ֮е췣֮ͬһУڲϵпӼƬ֮󣬹ӼǼ࣬ƿǽ˫
ڰĿռ֮Уδ֪﷢̶ŭһһظ֣ϵŷƷϮͼֹľٶȻŵĳ֣ȴһϮ
ƺٶȲ죬ֱӵ˫۳췣֮ϵɫӼɫӼ췣֮ϵʴ֮£𽥵ؼǱȫرɢˣҲȫʾ
ô
Ƽ״æסǺʶǳЩɫâԼһЩڴ˵ˡ
ѣ
ɫüΪأȻʱ򣬷Ȼشݳһ˳ֱۣ֮У״ǷҲ벻

΢΢һ£в죬ȫȴºޱȣ̺޾Ȼڽ֮󣬾Ȼźתļ
Ʋûֹ˵˳˻Ȼһ棬Ҳ˵ȥ̺ǿһݶҲ𺳡
Ƭֶ֮ص̺ҲǺתѾѵļ
ôˣ
ƿɫ𽥵غתҲһһ̣˫Ȼ״̬Ǳȸղһǰֻ̤Źغöˡ
ơˣ
ص΢ڵܵţûеҲˣϾʥǿߵޱǿǧ
׷ʲô飿Щɫâʲôüͷûֹͣ״̬ǵģһʱҪӡ
˵ȥʦǾͳǿҪŲסˣסƵƣ
㡭
ңˣȰʦǾȳ
֣Ҳɨһܣžŵػһʱ֮䣬Щδ֪Ҳ޷ٶ˺ҲվӼȥ
ŸղŽľٶһģһֱӵضڵ췣֮Щɫâȫرˣɡ
ܿ죬¶һò޵ŮӣŮ״̬Ҫɫȫֲ԰֮ɫûаѪ
ѩʦáŮӣҲǾлŮӾˣԺѩ
ȻԺˣȻǲӲܣٶȰƷѩǱ֮ϣʱ̺ϯԴԴϵؽѩ֮С
Ƭ֮ѩҲ۽ëһ˫һİԼǰʶҲſͣҪ
Ҹʶ𶯣ڴţҪԭƿѩģҲֱӵؿڵһɫӼ߹ȥ
ѩҲһƳ˲ԶͬҲ֣ȻѰҶİ֡
Ȼŷ־ٶΧЩδ֪ʱøӿزϵطϮػǸ޷ͻƷߡ


2061 ڰ
ڷƵĽ֮£ʣɫӼҲǾȳȴǺ⣬ΪѩѣڵȫգǷƼʱеסǵһʥǰҲǺް취
ƣǶôˣʱѾǻָ࣬ȥҡҡλΣһ綼ܰ
⣬ֻסҪǣҪܳʱ䣬Ҫҩĵϡƽüͷѩ΢һ㣬˾ǲҲֻǻָһЩȥҲһɵ³
ԣǲ԰׵ɫҲǸ־ɫƵ˼ǴǻصԺ֮Уϴʦֳ֣ſԱסǵȻĻ
ΧﶼʲôɨһǲϱնɱҲǺԼղŵľٶƻǵĺ¡
ǲһȺආѣعﻹûѩص
ආ֪Ϊ㵵ؿѩΪ˭֪ռڵһռ䣬ÿһռ䶼Ī
ţԺ鼮ϼЩǰֹһΡѩ𽥵ȥʱ״̬Ϊ
Ƽ״æǰƷüĴԴԴϵƬ̣ѩɫࡣ
Ǻڰ壬ЩСδ֪ǵغڰڰ֮Уǿ˵Щڰǵı塣ѩ˵Լ֪
ȻĻǺڰΪʲôƲʵɨӹΧЩδ֪ȻѲҲԶԸ
ڰһص壬ûκι̶壬˵һ̬ͨȡԼøΪǿ󣬶ˣͻЩͬܡ
ԣҲһ㶣һεɢȻɱѹƣȴܲκβ
ûõģһƬڰǺڰ壬ǸܲġѩصǰǱϮˣȻ󱻺ڰڵ
ѵûа취ԸôɫΧЩϳֵ¾վԼɱԼҲɱꡣ
½ǳֹҼǵ鼮жԸǵİ취ֻҪȥˣȻۼ˵ܹЩڰˡ
ЩôôüͷӦ벻֮ذɣ
ҿ鼮ᵽܾǰΪĳ֣㵼½ѩٵصԲ£ҪػصԺߴʦ֡
˳ĬǶޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮УԼҪ뿪һѶȣ˵ҪӴ⼸Աˡ
նȻرðƬ̣ѩǻؿڵһ뿪ֻҪصԺߴʦ־нİ취
ҾԲ㡭ǣһ⻰Ǽˣôܹ¡
˵²ϵԺϵ½ˣǶһЩڰ磬жɥѩѪɫ¶һЦݡ
ôҾԲᶪġҡͷڷƵϣƽصƣԼһ뿪޷ǣϣԻصԺ﷢һиߴʦ֡
أƳ
ԺûͬϰߡЦѩ¶˺ɫһ𣬵Ҳһ¡
죡ѩ̬Ҳ̾Ϣһ˼һֱԺ֮˽֪ģҰƤûȥơ
硭ǰѩݺݵصһŷ˵ϰɣԺһʧ̫ǿߡ
㲻ߣҲߵģ
㡭Ɀ
ƿڲϵ֪Ц˱˴˶ԶԷ˼ȴûеƣľ棬ȴ˭ԷҪҲҪһ顣
ˣˣû˵ߡҡͷЦԼû˵أ˶ǰһж˵ˡ
Ҫߣ
ƣԼߣùǡ
ѩͣԷͶȥֵ񣬲˽˵ʲô˼
ҪߣȻԼһߣȻҲԺˣҲûͬϰߡЦصɨһܲϳûҲǿʼѰ˼İ취


2062 Ƶİ취
˰ɣԼ޷뿪ŷֺҲǳŷϽ뿪ȥʱľͲ⼸ˣ½
ҡҡͷʥҸһȻǲǶ뿪İɣһа취
ںˣǼһѵס˷ƵӣȵƣҺܸл㣬ΪˣӦ뿪
һӱ˫֣һѷסЦҰɣʲôʱƭˣ
а취ɵؿŷƣӲ˵Ц
ֱӵؽƷüģǰǹڣ˫Ҫ뿪ѩ˻ָ۷״̬Ȼһ˴һǰ濪·ܹ߳
㡭Ҫ˵һֳԼ֮УҪܾÿһֶڻػָ
нҪֹƣȻ֪ϵ׻ʲôܣȻ˻ָѾʧʩչȻһָ
Ļָ׳ƵͳȵȫȻ˵ؽ뵽֮УڣԵ֮вϵתÿһתһһԴԴϵ
ȻûŪ֮еʲôǷ֮ͬǰ㣬˻ó֪֮УԴԴϵЩ̺޾
ԼĪǰʱƲǻɿƣõ˶ͷ֮ϵ亹˴ʱѾµػָ״̬һģ
⡭Ȼĺˣе㲻Լ۾ͬʱҲԷڵȻЧ
䣡
ʱһ촫͵̧ͷܣǾŵʱȻǿʼ𽥵رЩϵϮ֮£췣֮ѹǣܲסЩ̫ˣǹȥãΧʬͬСɽضš
ЩһӣԴԴϵس֣ϵطϮ֮Уڲϵر
Ƽˣавȥ֧Ų˰ʱ뵽ֱӵرǶԱػţֻҪסʱɡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ৵һ˾ʥЩһ͵Ϯһҿǻʲôİɡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲѩߣѩǲ԰׵ɫоΪ֡
ʵڲУͲҪңߣѩգŷƴͬҲǿ˷ƴʱ״̬
ֻЦһЦǰƷü֮Уٶǳѩ֮С
ѩˣҲǱ˫ܵؽΪ֪ʱ޶࣬һ룬ŻȥĿܣ
ƵĴѩ˵״ָ̬۷壬ȻʣµˣһԼܹĿܽ˶Ǵ
ڷƵͬʱͬҲûţеľʥϵػӳƵĽ⣬ɱЩΪĴڣЩϢطϮһ浹ԼҲǲ֪նɱ˶ٸ
ǣЩ־࣬ɱˣҲҧ֣ͣ£ŬؾܽһЩնɱ
ʱٶȹȥˣӰѾǱüΪҲǿʼ¶֮ɫƣΪѩƱΪأ޷ͬʱơ
ͣ
һϸ΢촫ʼһȫرֱӵػһȭͷСâ˷Ƶ֮С
⡣һĻҲав˸һʧλϣӴĽ⣬ʱصֵЩ
ƺĲҲʱ˫ѩҲʱչ·ƶѩ˵ͷսʦãһ뿪
ļٵƵҲ͵һܣһâ֣Ӱ˸ѩǺɫҲ˿
ˣҪѩһۣѩǱǱ˵ͷα
ƶİ˵ҲҲǽǶ


2063 ӳ
ƴʱ״̬νǼΪ⣬ش߶ʮ񣬲ʱҲǿǰ·
ڽʱ򣬷һۣ֮ԼӡǣΪǰһƬڰҲ·
ۣ
һ죬һʧâµû˷Ƶ֮УڷƵ˫ɫڸ֣Ƿ˵
Щںڰ֮еĺڰָʾƶط׷Щڰɱʬγɣ֮࣬ҲǿԿЩڰڴ֮ǰѾɱ˺öطӶٽ½
ƣô֧ŵסɣƵ΢ģҲ¶֮ɫ
û£ܹŵסͷҲصص˵ζڼǰȡ߳һƬڰ֮أֻҪصһʯԱߣܹͻԺ
㣬ȻǼɥ˵ءѩʮָмصȻڶ֪ǿ߾Ǻˣ֮ǰ½ȫû˵֡
ţҿʦһ˼ǶʦҲû˿İ취Ҳǽٺصղŵνʮ־ա
Щڰںڰ֮У׷ЩóϮԼϾӦҲΨзӵ췣ܹ֮
׻Ͳ˵ˣĿǰǾ뿪Ƶͺȵǰʮֲֹۣ췣֮γɵѾǵ˼ޣ𽥵رữ췣֮صԼڣʱ޷ٶٻ
ͣ
һ죬һɢ˵ɫǱʮѿʣµһʱ֮䣬ԸǽϮѹø
̧ͷһǰţԼĸӦӦþǰͿ԰Щڰĺڰռ䣬ҲǶ˺ȵӿٶȣǰӦþˣ
ԣѩҲǽҧأԼٶʩչ£˷ֱ𻹱һˣٶȶٻܵӰ졣
ͣ
һʧʱʣЩǽ壬ҲʱпʧƵɫøΪѿ
ȻʱǰͻȻһǾΥĹٶȳ֣ƺ˽ǲͣٶȻŻɫƣǱȸղǺڰޱȵĿռࡣ
ģôоҲͦģݺݵһӳǸޱ޼ʵĺڰռ䡣
ˣˣǻһκԶ·ҪϣҲ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ֻҪûЩӰε׷ôǾܹĵ뿪֮ء
иЩһռ䶼ɵģ֮ǵ磬һжޱ޼ʵĺڰʱѩȵһΪڰֻڿռڵ㸽ֱ֣ǣһ·׷кôҲ
ʱҪߵĳ嶯ͷһȻǺڰıԵڲϵţǵѣЩڰسǵķɡ
Ͻߣע;Щ޵ķӦɫȵ
֮أĪ֮µ޾ޣһϣǿνǼΪ鷳ֺ滹׷ǰ֮¡
ȻƶˣΪڰĳ֣ǱüΪƽϵҲǳ׵ذ֮¡
ЩҲǸܵ˺ڰĿ£ǲ˿Ķ֮أΨзڿмٷУǲŵޱߺڰ
ģЩôˣһǺͺڰһ¡ƿһ·֮أΪʧص
ٺ٣ЩҲ֪ڰΣգҲǲҳ֡ٺһЦȴǼΪء
ӣڰٶȲǿ죬ҲŻ뿪󡣡ѩ۽Ƴһۺ󷽣Ҳһ
Ը˰ɡư˵Ӱٵ˸תۼʧޱߵĺڰͬһͷµĴڣͬռ䶼ڻرɣڸ߿пʱһķΧڰ⡣
ˣ
ΧĻԽԽϤֱһʯӳҲǾϲؽе
߶ʯϵĿռƣѩҲǺúֱӵشһӡʱʯ֮ϵķıǿʼɢŹâһռмγɡ
ߣһȫȻʱʲôӣ±ֱӵؽ֮У뿪˴˵ء


2064 
Ժĸ¥ϣռ䶸ȻŤһǿĲֲ֮ʣԺ֮еǼλǿҲӦ
ৣ
Ϣʥ޺۵Ҳǳ¥֮УſռеγɣҲ¶֮ɫ
Ƶôͻôʥ¶֮ɫƵ˹ȥĹͻˡ
һô֤ѩҲȫˡ޺Цŵ
ϣˡʥ˵ͷ
ˣ
ղռγɣӰͻƶȻǷƵˡ
ڿʥ㵵һͣǰһڣֱӵػԹȥˣܹŵڣѾļˡ
Ƕôˣ
ʥһ˶ǼΪǱ˸ںͬȥѾãƶֱӵػ˹ȥ
ڻˣҿΧϤԺ¥󻷾֮Ҳǳһ
ʦ㻰أ޺üͷǰһĻ̫ˣҪ֪ƱҪǿʥ۷ĴڣȻҲôǱɶ뵽棬׷ʲô顣
ʦ֣µ˵Ȱ˾ѩ΢ʧȥֱѩźá
֪ԣʥɫҲǼΪأֱ۷ѩϣӦһҲǱɫ
ʱѩһûУȴһɼΪصһԴ
ʥɫüΪѿٶȹ۲һѩ࣬Ҳһܹʥǿ߶ˣǵ֮ʲô
޺ۣȥǼסҩùʥҲᣬΣҪѩ˾ͻԺʧ
޺۵˵ͷӰ΢΢˸뿪˸¥ʥǽ˷ƵϣƵȻϺֻܶ࣬ΪԶѣһʱͻõġ
󵽵׷ʲô飿ʥתѩʵ
ڰ壡ֵĿռڵ˺ڰ壬ȻҲǱѩش
ڰ壿
ʥһ£ɫǴ䣬æڰ壿
ûԾǺڰ壬ǷİæǸѵĻᶼûСһЦĵ˷ơ
ʥɫУںڰ壬Ҳ˽Ͼ½ںܾ֮ǰֹһκڰ壬һνǲ½ٵˡ
ôռڵЩ֣ʦǽǶӡסôʥȭͷЩڰǼΪԶԸʥ׵Ǽ˶˾硣
úڰ³½Ժ͵ۣ¶ԶԸ
ǰۣϢ֮ʥʥֱӵرԺڰ壬ƾԺԶԶԿ⡣
ʦ֣µۻôüͷھ֮󣬵ۺԺĹϵѾͬˮˡ
ŵʥǸˣһʮڰˣʲôʥ΢С
ãھͶ˵ͷ֪أҲ̶ǰۡ
ʱ޺ѾٶȻżӵĺӣʥӹ򿪣һһҩ
ЩҩԺǿߴأ򲻵ѵʱǾԲᶯãΪˣʥҲǹܲôˡ
ѷƴȥϢҵȥ޺ۣһ֮ҪЩҩΪ˵塣
ʥ˵Ϊǵʧһӹ̫ҩܲסģֻǽʥ޺۵ٻؽǵڡ
ҲǵͷƱ뿪ʥ޺һֳһҩʥǰסҩʣϵؽдȡҩ
ҩĹ̼Ϊʥֻǽȡһ֣סڵĽһ
ȥ˰ʱ䣬ҩҲǻرɣʥ޺һһޱȾҩԹȥ֮С
ǲǷƣûְֻлƣڹҩĹ֮УҪΪСһҩ͵Ļ˴ʱ״̬˵νǳܲס
ֱʥ޺ҩǾػ˵֮˵Ȼ࣬벻ղǰʱ
ûΣˣѩȥϢ컹üҩ۳ҩǡʥҲһ


2065 
һƬ޼ʵĺڰ֮Уһ΢ĹâǷƵԺʶȻ˹ȥʶȴͬһռ䡣

Ƶʶڰ֮ƮĿĵĴƮҪѹӳһƬڰζ
Ȼ֮£ڰ֮һɫâƵʶʶɫâ£ȥ
ˣ
һŵڶɫâ֣÷ʶɫâʱ򣬷Ѿɫâͬһ㣬Լǰ֡
ô
ɫâƵʶоһůů˵ʶڷһЩɱ䡣
Ƭ̹ɫâȥڰޱߵĿռʶֳһĨâ
һĨԽԽ貣ֱɢڰĿռ䣬ƵʶֱӵرͶ޾Ĺ֮С
Ժķ֮УϣĿ񣬶ƽ˴ϣɫΪ԰ףһģ
Ȼǽյ˫ȴӳһİĻʶشӴѹѣҲ¶ϲɫеƣˣоô
Ƶ˵ͷǰֻǹ̺ܲˣԲŻԹȥѾѹ˵״̬۷壬Ҳˡ
ѾǻصԺѾǰȫˣ㲻õġ΢΢һЦ
ʦأôƵ˵ͷˣԼǰʥһϤӡ
ĸǵסһڴʦأѾѹҪ졣һһʮص
ˣһԹȥˣҡҡͷԼΪһ㡣
ѾԹȥˣʦֶ㣬ڵϤóȻ㣬˵ֻҪȻѹͺˡ
ԣƵ˵ͷȷԼΪ״ˣóȻظƣ»һЩҪ鷳
ٺ٣ʦֽһѹ͵ȥƺʲôҪ˵һԴҲЩ顣
ʥңԻؿһҲǲ⣬ѩ϶Ҳ˵˳ʲô飿
Ҳ֪Ϣ£ȥȥͻءЦŵת뿪ǰȥѰҴʦָѵϢ
ȥıӰҲ΢΢һЦҲ˳Ĭ֮УԼ壬Լĵ֮С
֮е̺ʲôǰż֮أԼһԼΪҪ
֮أӵаʱ;ƿݵ״̬ҲǱԼӲڹŹ֮
ȻڸղţԼڻԹȥʱԼǸһЩʲôҪе˽̺ܡ
ر˫˵֮Уϸع۲ı仯
ˣ
Ժ֮дһ죬˻һһĪϢ֮еһŴֱԼԺ
ʲôоޱȣ״ͺԼʱһģһ
ѵһ
ƴͼԺ֮鴫һϢ
ַͬµ֣Ƿһۿȥ˼;ظԼС
ЩֿȥǳϣƴûпֵǣԼƺֵܹ˼
֮֮ѭϢֻء
𽥵رǽеȴһƪɬѶľģʲô
ڷĬһƬ⾭֮ԺһƺҪʲôҪըһ㣬һʹǴȫ
˱ͷڴϣɫͨ죬˫ĿŭɣоԼԺƺʲôѿһ㣬ʹ
ʹƬ֮󣬲ǻˣҲǻƽڴϣ˫
ʹ֮󣬷ҲǷԼٶȷһЩ仯оԼõһɱ䡣
ֱ仯Ͽȥûжı仯ΨзԼоõԼƺΪǰΪǿˣ
΢΢ر˫ӦһǿϢ𽥵ؽӽԼҲ˫ʥ
о㵣ղŽǱ˫ܹʥӣǸܵԷǰ򵥡


2066 ̸
һ̣ʥѾǽ˷֮Уһۿ˷ƣɵ÷һ
ǰķȻΪûı仯ʥ۷壬˵ȴǸ˺ܴı仯һۿȥͬһˡ
ϲΪˡʥҲǷӦƵΪŽһͻơ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ뵽ӦԼϵɱɵĴҲһЦûзϡ
ôӦ޴󰭰ɡʥЦʵʱڵϢ˵۷״̬ɫҲûʲô仯
ѹֻ΢һѡҡҡͷʾʥõġ
ǾͺãܵʲôˣҾĹⲻȥˡʥɫһĨΣǷƵȣ˵ˣѩ˿Ҳ׶༪١
ЩֻǾ֮Ͷѣαعҳݡư˰ֵ˵£
÷˵ʥɫҲ΢΢أҪ£ΪҪ
£ƽüͷһεȷǷ˲飬ʥΪ֮еͷۡ
һ£ƺΪǰܹˣټϺڰĹͬҶ˱Դҩһ֣ûа취˵ѩ˻ָҿٴγ֣𡣡ʥɫص
ȻǶ⣬ʱԡ΢΢֣ڰ彫ʥ޷ƣȴǿԡ
ҾȶлˡʥһЦŵڶ£ǹڵ۵ġ
֣Ƶɫ΢΢رأʾʥ˵ȥ
ӦҲ˽⵽ڰĿ֮ʱǳǼֵĻ½ܲصʧͿ̿ʥ̾һ
ǵջʱҾȥ۸֮˵ʥΪƾԺȫ޷ֹڰ壬ҪۺԺֲܹõ
΢У۾ܾˣ
ʥ¶ŭɫ˵ͷûʥǸϲģȻֵܾҪ󣡡
ۼԺٲͣǹϵ½飬ʥӦòƽϣĪΪңҲǴˣһӱ˵˹ؼ֮
ʥ˵ͷʥ˼˵䣬һеԴͷֻҪ㽻ô۾ͻ֡
ʥϲģѵΪҪ½ͨô
ˣҲǽȭͷһŭ
ȷҾܾˡʥɫĮȻصʥǸϲģ־ˣڵ侳֮Уһ󣬿˭ȳŲס
ʵΪβҽȥƳĬһ£ʵʥԣ۵ĻҲûκεĵֿ
ƣȻʥʲôʥ֮ҲǶ߳ôдԺضǳ֮ΣҺ͵ʥƥʲôͬʥҲǹЦˬص
ԣҲ¶Цݣֱһ̣ԺǰȻ˵ΪԺһֱʥԺǱоģºЩȻҲɢ
۲ҲˣӦܹһԿڰ塣ƻصۺԺǷֿԿڰ壬δֿܹá
ϴӦǾͺáʥҲЦŵ£ȻҲźڰйء
Ŷ΢΢һ㶣ѵڰԼʲôϵɣ
ƣǰż֮أǲ飿ʥɫ˼֣˵֣΢΢һ
飬Ϊ֮˵˵õĶ磬ֻҪһ˿Ϣ˵ķ
û뵽½Ҳ֪Ĵڡ
ϸƬ̣ƾӦûбҪҲǱ֪ģҲǵ˵ͷ
ȻˡʥһЦҾ˵ЩڰôͻȻس֣ԭˡ
黹ڰйϵƴ㵵صԲܵ£½Լӵй飬Ҳûмµ֡
½ܾǰйļأȻȴû˼飬ֱһʱڣʱԺ͵۵ǿ߶飬ȴûз֣ĳ֣ҲȻٶȽ١ʥ¶˻ɫ
ò˵ЩڰҲǸʱֵİɣɫüΪŹ֡


2067 ֣ĳ
ޱȵؾ㵣ĳ֣ȻǺڰֵĹؼ̫޷ˡ
ûںܾ֮ǰǿ˻ǹȥ½ҲǿҪõ顣ʥƽص
ʱǿҪ飬ͼȴܹɹҲؿѡ
Ϊĳ֣½ܶطͬһʱس˿ռڵ㣬ӿֳһ޾ĺɫͬռ䶼ɵĺɫ磬½˿ֻš
ǾǺڰô΢˫ԭںܾǰ½Ѿǳֹڰ壬һβżȻ¼
ûʱֵľǺڰ壬Ϊ½һ磬γɣԺܶطĿռ䶼ǺܱӵĵطһҲ֪
Ƶ˵ͷҲΪԭͻʸ˫ܹ֮½Ȼ֮˭֪½Ĵڣ
ĺڰ֣ǲûʶйأڰ̫ԶԸǸʱۺԺǿ߶ǺԿڰ壬ǲϵڶඥǿ
Ǻڰ岻Ϊ˭Уӵɣ¶ɫĻǺڰĿˣ
ʥŷƣ˵ͷһûб˷֣ĲϵػˣǺڰĿҲڲϵرá
ǺôֺڰĿ飿Ʋʵ
Ϊɱ¾̫ˣǿΪ֮ɥԺ͵۾ӡż֮أҲһطʥޱصû붼ڰȻὫĿż֮ء
֪Ǹʱ򣬲̺֮ǿ˳ڰҪľǵԴԴİ
ɫأǰ½ǳһ飬ʱϻ飬Ǻڰһĳְ취ԸܵĴڣԽĴΣࡣ
ǵô˺ڰģƼ׷ʵԻ˺ڰ壬϶Ű취
ΪŴۼǿż֮ظգӶ֣ܹڰˡʥ¶֮ɫ
ۣ½ûдôһ¡
ԶűǴĴۣΪѹڰ벽۵ľ磬½ɵ۵ûСʥεص
ԣҲȻ͸СһСΪҲֹǴֻۣΪΪòѹơ
ҪƵĽǵͻƳɵۣǿߣҲֻܷӳ벽۵
˵½񻹴ǿôͻȻʵ½ֻԺ͵ȻŶǿߣпһЩǿߴϾ۲ô׵
ǰԺУһԿڰս֮оˣǱߵҲࡣʥ¶֮ɫҡҡͷ϶ŵһǿߴֻǶǻͨˣײ
УǿҲǰ׵س֡룬Ҳ뵽ĹؼڰĿ֮Ϊ飬ʹǵȰԴԴҲûκΰ취Ըڰ塣
ûйĻԼĪ󣬺ڰͻϢӶһֱǽԺʥһ۷ƵԺегҶѾǰȥų飬ϣܹؼˡ
ô죿ƽüͷʱ֮ڣҲѹƺڰİ취ºΪ
Ŀǰ˵ûκΰ취ǵۺԺ֣Եĵ۱ֱ˺ڰ壬ٶȷռڵ㡣ʥޱصĵʥȴǲ֣Ժơ
ʥϲĺĻΪ˳ңԸƴ½ô޹ôҧ޺޵ص
۵һˣٴȱѡʥҲǺǲмصϸһ£Ҳصصƣڰͻ֣ʱƾԺ޷赲֣Ͳһϣ㵽ʱܹ
ԣҲǹЦʥǰ˵»Ҷҵǲεܵİɣ¶ȫΪ
Ǿͺã⼸ͺúϢһպ½һ־õĿսʥҲ¶Цݣֽһȥ


2068 ۱
ʱȥúܿ죬ʱһգ۾͹ȥˣ죬ư벽δ䣬һֱǱԼǻָ۷״̬
֮дľģо죬ȻûȫףҲܹƶϣһĹ
Ʋֹ֪ʲôôǣһͷų֪Բǧ龰ĿͬԼصһ֣κ鶼ա
ֱ仯˵ȻǿϲɺأΪںڰ棬ԼΪǿ󣬶ܵԲ׵޷֪ǻڵķƣͻòһ
գգ侳Ļ֣̿Ϊһ޼ʵ죬ʱȴǸһĨɫ
һĨɫԽԽ󣬺ܿѾԺǰһ̣ʥҲǶȻسԺĸλãһƬĺĺڰһС
ڰ塭ʥ¶صɫ죬ڰȻͬԼƶϣ侳֮С
ʱһֱڷ֮չصķƣҲƺܵˣȻ˫һռϵɢѾʧԭء
Ѿô
ռ֣Ƶʥ˻ͷһ۷ƣҲǵ˵ͷ
ƣΪʲôҵĸоеİѵǴɵؿһ۴ʱķƣͻȻһּİĸоϵı仯
ҾңѵмٵĲɣҡͷЦеͻƶѡ
ԭˣ벽۵ľ磬ֽ˲١ҲǹЦܹͻư벽ۣôԺǿλ벽ۣǵۣҲҪΪ֮ɵ
Զأ벽۲򵥡ҲҡҡͷΨеʥ۷壬֪Ҫͻƣһޱѵ¡
Ҫͻư벽۾磬Ҫעľϵı仯ڤڤ֮иĹ켣Ӷ˺һʥЦصΪͻ磬ҲѲٹ
ľ˺һ򣬲ϵظĸ֡
ڰ벽֮УҲżС֣ףнףԲʥ̾˿Һ͵ʥǿڴԲվ޷̤һСɾʹۣ
Թݺľǿ߶һɼɾʹжôѡҡͷ
ҲǣԤԵĻϣɵ۵ľҺ͵ʥڿµüˡʥЦ
һԶءЦЦ̧ͷʵһƬĺڰϵЦ𽥵رȡ
ڰֻ侳ô
ʥԣҡҡͷ侳Ϊ侳͵м䣬һΣͬܵӰ죬ֻǴ󲿷ֵĺڰ嶼侳ΪϢ
۱ԶԺڰѹôᵽ⣬ûмԺĵ۱
Ȼԡʥ̹ȻһЦԺӵ۱£ÿһӵв˼
˵ʥ֮бǸһĨɫĹâӶһѺɫĳǻسֶ
۽
עɫĳͨ嶼ӡ·ģƺ̺һּΪصһһ㣬죡
ðԵĳ̲ס̾۱ʥ»ᷢӳʮֲֿӽ۵ߣܹӵطӳ۱
ƣ費Ҫһ۱ʥԷͶȥѯʵɫ֮ٶȻƿռ䣬µϢֶ
һͨɫĳǹǹһͷ̺ͬżΪµ
ǹ
һһѹӴӡΧŻâͬǰĵۻеĵӡԾ
˻ӡ
۱ͷǼΪԺһЩǿĵ۱Ҳ㹻÷𺳣ԺȻӵ۱½Ŷٵǿߡ
ϸؿһ۱Ҳҡҡͷ췣֮ǶԵеĻ۱ȷǿǶԸڰ壬۱ҲӲ
ʥҲ÷˵еԼ۽Ȼ󽫾ǹ޺ۣȻ˻ӡ˺߶ʹá
ˣҷһǼӵе۱ʹ߶ֿڰʴǽڰռ֮Уؽڰɱʥһصص
ɱڰ壿΢΢һ㶣Ҳǲʵغڰ̫ǿˣҸ޷Ѱҵǣֻᱻ޾ס


2069 Ժڰ
ǰ㲻ܣڵӦÿԡʥƬ̣⼸ҸоõҲоĵ
˼˵ԼоɱôҲǻȻ򣬲ҲûжİգϾ֮ǰںڰռ䳢ԹԼѹһΪĵزԲ׵޷
ûʵڲеĻ˳ֻǱطǵ֣еĵ۱һܹЩڰ塣ʥ̾˿ΣգҲûа취¡
ţ֪һᾡġҲغһʱڰֵĺɫռ䣬ѾȻϢ˸ĸ
ɫϵӿ֮ݲƺһеЩռ䶼ɣºɫռ䲻ϵ
ְɣ
ʥһŭȣ۱Ǳ߶µӿ֣ʥ۽޺˾ǹǼǺ߶˰˻ӡ׵һƬضǱòһ
ռ䲻ϵرһ󿴲͸Ѹٵسͣ赲ס˺ڰš
ʱ򣬷Ҳһ̤貵âҲֱӵؽ˺ڰĿռ֮С
ԺڰͬʱڵߣͬʥɫǼٵĺɫռ䡣
ʦ۱ɡʱͬģҲӵԼĵ۱ԺڰֻǱط
ΪβԺ֣ʱʸ˫Ҳվ˵ʥ󣬶ǰʱ䣬ʥܾԺеʮֲ⡣
һжΪƵĳֶԺ˷ƣĻкڰĳ֣ʥصžâ˸ǰѷƽĻҾԲԺ֣
ԺύƵġʸ˫ҡҡͷҷҲĵرڲ
Ѿ˲鿴ˣڰһγ֣ǳŷƶȥ߳˺ڰ壬ȴû侳ҪܵѹֻҪŵԺܲסȻǻٶҡ
ʥңʣƺԺʱԿ龰ҲһĨ΢Цһж֮С
ʸ˫ĬֱƺЩڰ塣
ڵ֮УҲĹһռϣԺһ㣬Ҳӵ۱
ʥ뷨ʥ뷨һģһͬҲڵŶԷȳŲסֻҪ˭ǳŲסô͵Էͷ
ʥΪԼһУȴ֪ΪƵڣп̶Ϊȫҡ
ֻ˺ڰռ֮УһƬڣһϴβһ㣬ƵûϴֱֹĴ
Ҳֻڰռ֮оɱЩڰ塣΢΢ҲǱ߽ԼɢԲңͼ׽ںڰ֮еĺڰ塣
ĴƵ֪øԼ֮ڰĿռ֮УڣЩʱƶ޷λ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͣ˲ΧĺڰУͬһɼ
һ͵Ϯң΢΢һâȻƿֶ
һĴ̶𣬽һʬƾյسڷƵĲԶȻЩڰ
ʱƵľɱΧٶȳֳ˫ɫףΪƵ飬ЩڰȻǶϢޱȵУڷƽڰռһ˲䣬Ѿ֪ˡ
ǷƵĸ֪õ˴ȻҲǲ᷸ͬش󣬵ȳֱ֣ӵؿʼɱ
Ժ˿֪ڰ屾ûʲôһմȾϣڵͻᾡرɵҪľǣѰҳĺڰ壬ɱ
䣡
ŵٶ֮г߻ƣЩںڰ֮еٶһ浹
žŵȻǲõЩϮԼǱ˫ںڰ֮ߣǿѰڰڵλá
˵ƻûмڰģһô壬ֻſռĲֱ档
ڷƱߵĹ֮УͬʱԼӡǣΪ֮һϾһʲôԤ֪飬뾡쳷ڰռ䣬Ҳһѭ
ף
ͻȻ֮䣬ͣղŲһƼΪֵĲΧЩΪͬ


2070 
ֲ΢ȴɱ׽Ҳ鹦õ˴˲Σǻǰ޷׽һƲ
ƶȻ˫üͷ壬ЩǺڰݣźڰӡǣ˵ǺڰЩͬģΪθղԼоõһ
һƲżݣ֮ôŬȥ֪޷֪õԼǲǷ
ǷԼĸ֪΢̤ų貵ĹâͬһգƬڰռҫͨ
Լ֮𶯾죬һµԷƵ֮ռԱӡԴ׵ÿһϸ֮УҲֱܹӳΪʥ۷Եʡ
֮еĿǼ䣬ڰռ䱻ҫͬ磬龰Ҳ״
ڰռ֮УĵǿµĺɫЩһУ֮Ĵض˻ԭƿʬǣ侳֮߶ڰʬ
ʬľɽػڰռ棬ûκε֡
ǿһЩʬȻطһЩת䣬ǻҰɫƤ𽥵رڣ˫ɫԵվӶڰ֮УΪ
ǺڰĿ֮ôƽһĻ۵ףоǾ֮ɫȻڰûκιֶΣֽһֶΣǰ벽ۣҲҪΪ֮ɵ
ˣ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƶȻ̧ͷǰһӰһš
㻹ӣ
糾ŭһҪҾղһĨӰǺڰ壡
ͬװڰռ䶼ǻصŷƵһ̣Ƶ嶸Ȼԭʧ
ৣ
һӰֵĵطȴͽ޹ΪԷѾ֪ԼĶٶΧĿռ䡣
˵嶼貵Ĺâ嫵ͬһӿ֮ڰǱ
ɫ䣬ڰ屾ûκιֶΣ̵ľֶζѣֻҪܹ֮ѰҶôһоͿӭпɽ⡣
ৣ
Ӱٶȱ仯ϵںڰռ֮˸ղֵĺڰͬ׽Բһ㣬ʱʱ¶Լټ÷Ʒ֡
Ժ¥֮Уʥ̧ͷһƬͬ񷶼ڵĺڰ¶֮ɫѾǹȥʱȻȴûκϢ
ʦ֣Ҫķƣûа취ԸЩڰ壬ôҲûκΰ취ƳһۣʥһǵɫҲЦŵ
ʥ˵ͷҪ˵ȻʱȻ̧ͷһɫ䡣
ʥɫ仯Ҳ·׷׵ؽͶȥʥķһʱ򣬽ɻѡ
ǰȻѾˣǺαҪɲǿߵ硣ʥص֮͸¶һء
ԣȼ˷׷Ǿ㵲ѣĪ˴Ժȴûκη֡
Ȼһ̣һϵӰƾճԺǰͬʥûпôֵġ
һ׷ԲԵߣûаһͷȣͬѰ׵ͷһ㡣
һ̣ԺˣͬʥڣȻǲ޴ѶԷĵͨͷȻûκؿ֮
һԺƺ
ɣ߿л³̧ͷֻǿһͨĲӣֻһ˫ǵ˫ۣʱȤĵؿԺһˡ
лǰ佱֪ǰմʥȻǰ벽ǿߣоǰֵĴˣԲ򵥣ͦƺԺŲǳԨԴ
ְ̫ԶˣԼǲǵˡ߸̾һ䣬طŹǰ̬ʲôǿߣͺһ;ƿݵͷ
ʥκεǰСزߣ֪½ֹ͵ʥǿԶŵʱŲǿ߶Ǵں쳾С
Խգǲֻ֪ж˼ǵá̾صһ֡
֣Ժ˶˲ԭأͬʯһ㣬գտԺ𣡣
ݼʦ
£ʥˣûκεسɣֱӵصȹ£ضǰΪ


2071 صĺ
û뵽᳤䣬ڹȥʮ꣬ûгֹԺĴҲǲ֪
ߵݣʥûκλɣΪͷȾõ֤ǿһ
еҶѾ֪ԤеؾǽڰռǸ˰ɣƽص
ǵģѾԺˡʥ˵ͷҲ΢죬δֹȴһָƣ뵽ԷΪ֮ҲȻˡ
ڰĳ֣Ӧйأǰʱ䣬͵۵˶ż֮أѵǶ飿Ƴһʥʵ
ʥ¶˳ɵɫ²ⲻ룬óȻشĻ»ƴ鷳
ҲûϾԷҪ֪Ҳǳ飬ڰ֣ضĳ
ʥ˵ͷưˡ
Ȼˡ̾˿֪һκڰĳ֣ͬҲΪĳֶһõԺ͵۵ڶǿ߶䣬һЩ֮ͬҲǱ
֪ΪˣƺҲ̺顣ʥƬ̵
ŶһֱƽĲҲ¶˾ݣǺεȶκ˶ϾԺһҲ˵ŷһ㣬磡
û˵ƽһɫʵ
磬Ĺϵʥһµ
塭
̾һֱ֮УΪⱲӶ֡
ԤԣǺ׿£ڵ½ǺıԴԤûĻôͻ˳ɵۣ½Ŀռͻᱻƣʱ½͵ڴͨŵһУκ˸Ϊ
ʦ˼ǡʥһʱ֮²ⲻ룬Ͼ֪ӺʱԺ˶ԳɵΪҪΪ뿪½ȥǿߵ֮С
Զŷ飬Ƕ֪ģŸһУԲŻЯǿߺ˿ڿٳ½ãȻصȻˣ֪ΪҪ
ʥĬһ˳ɵۣôͬԤϣ½ĿռƱػƣ˭Ҳ޷ֹ顣
ˣЩͷʲô£Ҫȥ磬ҲǵľҲø档ͻȻһЦ֮ޱȵظиš
֮Գ֣Ϊڰɫ𽥵رƽǲ֪ǣڰ岢ͼıġ
ʦ棬⻰ʲô˼ʥ˵±ɫ䣬ѵûͼıˣǺڰҲǱݡҡҡͷ
Ϊʲô϶ûʥɫüΪѿĻôֻڰռķǾΣأ
֪һеˣʣ¾Ҳûмǧ쳾УΪڰ岻ٳ֣˭ϵǻᶯ顣ҡͷҲǳϡ
Ƿƻ飬Ҫ֪õڶǿߣһǸ޷İҺ˺ڰЩµĴڣԾǰӡż֮ء
ԤԳˣ˵֮еȻܹٶȳЩһֱͼıȻҲٴӦ˹
ȷͬ˵һ㣬ʱһЩֵ飬һֱ׷һƵӰӣϵڴڿռС
ԡ
ƶȻͣ˶¶˳˼ɫղԼһۣӿʼ׷ٺڰ忪ʼѾƫԭλúԶǰڰƺΪǣԼıӣƺԼȥ
ৣ
ʱǰһӰһţƿеҲǾúЦ±ҡͷЦӰʩչżʲôΣգҲа뿪һƬڰռ䡣
ŷƲϵǰУΧѾٵ֣ҲǽŵջڣҪɡ
ԽԽ٣Ǿ˵һ⣬ǾԼڰĳѨ¾ͲԶˡ
뵽һ㣬ɫ΢΢رأӴϵɨӶΧһĿռ䲨֣ù


2072 
׷ٶȳԼĪʱһЩڰĴ֮£ǿԽǧ
ͻȻͣٶ£̧ͷֱǰֲָĺڰ׽һּΪϢͬһȻԼǰ
ȻǰһƬڰǸ֪涸Ȼرһ貵â⸽ռ䶼׵
źڰһҲ𽥵ɼԼǰ֮ʱΪ֮𺳡
ڵһ޴ĹڿƮţЩַޱȵϤΪԼ
ÿһֲֵĶһɫĹӼɫĹӼʲôȻö˵
һѵǰЩǺڰıǳѨ
ھ㵣Ҳǿˣǧֻ룬һ޴ĹڲϵӰ˸ȻǺڰ塣
΢˫ڿȷЩڰп͸¶ŲѰ
ڰľٶ÷ɣһ·ЩѾǲٶԼ˹ƣƺڰԼ
ʱǸӴĹ֮УȴǴһƮ÷˶Ϊ֮һ
ɡ
̧ͷ׽ԼһǸղԼӦżݵѰһ
ѵڰ塭ҲǱ˲ݵ壿
ͻȻ˸ͷҲԼ뷨ŵˣڰ˿£˭ܹ
ںϸһ£Ҳֱӵ̤գǺɫĹ߶ȥ
ŷƾԽԽӵǧֵĹʵģҲ𽥵رƿ
ʱԺ棬ľٶȴõʥ˶һ
ΪҪԽȥڰռ֮УʥҪȰ裬Ҫ£ʥ޷ҡ
СһԿҡͷһЦܹƺڰļһҶԶԸǸСһô棬鱻ãĻ½
£Ҳ̧ͷͻȻһЦϼһҲ಻סįô
£ΧնȻطһʥ˽ٶ¶֮ɫĪǻ
ٺ٣Ǳ㷢ˡ
һЦһݵӰٶȸֶû̬ӣͬҲһӵ
ʱ򻹲صô𵭵һЦһ˵ݣӦþڵ۵ڱ֣޼
ûбҪȥһе鷳Դ棬ֻҪնɱˣôһҲֹˡߵȻһЦ֮ȴ͸¶һ˿ɱ⡣
ǵ۰ҡͷЦЦ֮Ҳ͸¶һ˿м
ô룬۵ĿĶ뱣ס½İ˿ķ̣һƽص
ˣǵۺƤҲһˣһôЦŵڣûа취ɱġ
Ҿԣ
ҲЦ̤ǰһ֮бǿϢ½ʥǿ߶Ǹܵһѹ
꣬Ҳδˡ𵭵һЦɫ𽥵ͬأʶһֿµ
ʥ治ɫûв´Ļ˵Ӧþǵ۵ĵʼˣһ㣬ǿߣȴû뵽ǽǴ
ȻΪ𣬵ֻܷӳ벽
ˣҲΪֲ벽ۣ½԰ˣ
һԲֱӵһ˸Ǻڰռ֮бȥһҲˣν׷ȥ
һǰһֱӵؽ˺ڰռ֮Уʱڵ֮УʥҲиӦ̧ͷźڰռ֮пһۣ¶ɵɫ
ʦ𣬸ղŵϢǡһ㵵ʵղžȻһǰһ벽۵ĿϢ֣½ֻеʥʥǰ벽۾ǿô
ʸ˫Ҳ¶˲ɫŵʥ½صǿ߲١
һΣӦӲˣ֡ʥҲǺһЦû˵
仰ʸ˫ɫʱƱҪΪϻɸ
ˣǰĵڰɣһζңܿͻĻʥʵһƬڰռ૵


2073 ڰ֮еĹ
ʱ糾Ժڰ֮У𽥵ؿǰȻӵֵĺɫͬһ㣬޴ޱȣ𽥵ߵ档
Աĺڰ˸ÿһڰʱ˿̶ûжԷƳ֣㵲ѡ
㲻ˡ
ڰ֮УһƮϸķֱ棬ȻȻ洫о֡
˭ɫ΢΢رأֳЩâƣͷڰȷڲݣܺ棬˭
Ҿǰ
Ʈٶȴõ÷һڰ֮иֳһĨȻںڰڲܿ죬ƱǿǰĹͻȻѿһӣЩҫ۵Ĺâ͸¶
ǰʱ򣬾㵵ɫϣΪˣһͷ­ڹ֮Уͷ­ΪңѪɫģһƹâҲǿͷ­Χһɫƾնֱ֣ӵعᴩƺĳַӡ
˭
Ƶ裬˺ǰһĻ̫ˣɫ֮УȻһͷ­Ϊؼľǣ˾Ȼ״̬֮£ܹ
Ĺ
ͷ­΢Ʈıޱȣǿߣһ
֣ȴ÷һЩ飬
ɫΪŹ֣ƿЩڰڲݣ
ǲݣⲻһֶѡʣһͷ­ҪԺɫ֮ȴصĺɫᴩȫطӡס
ԭ¡ƻȻ֮¶һ˿֮ǰǿߣȴֻΪڰ壿⵽ôһ¡
ҡҳȥ˱˵Ķ䣬ŻΪģŷƴ
ΪҪ㣿˺󼸲ֱǰνĹ²ʲôûɫľԶʱ䣬ȴģп϶ʲôԼ֪顣
ҿΪҵĵӣͻصĽɾϴ۾磡ʼû˸ղһƮĸо
ǹڴ֮ϣֻҪңҾܹΪۣʱƺǲ֮Լشһ˿١
ĴУ糾ɲһ׷ʵҲʥ۷壬û㡣
УϢֻҪңҾܹ״̬Ķ䣡һҵͷ­еضŷƵ
ô֪ģɫ΢䣬ѾǱˣʥվǰҲ޷
ΪҲӵй飬ϢҸΪϤ
˵ȴѰ˼ĻҲۣΪʲôҪôеõ飿ѾǱǾԲܵġ
齻ңҸİ취
ͻȻؿڵȻ֪ƵݣƾϵϢֱ棬رϳƸ½ˣһ硣
ȥİ취һһ仰ȴǵΪ飬Ǿ뿪½ص統С
ƾʲô㣿Ȼ׵ϵʥǵʥ˵½ԶڶǿõĽƣǳɵۣĽܹ뿪
ж䣬³Ǳ޾֮УҲ֪Կռڵֻ֣Ҫ޾֮ѰҵĿռܹ꣬ɹػȥâ¶ȤɫҲеص
½нƣǲÿ˶ƿռġҡҡͷ
Ϊ½ڤڤ֮Уƶ½ǿ߶ųķӦǸ޷ƣ㲻һ㲻½ˣĽƶûãֻҪһ޾գѰҵصͿˣ
һҲףΪԺ͵۵ǿߣǷпռڵ㣬Ҳ޷ȥ˵ʥǿߵͿԳյ
ⶼǵЩǿߵֶΣΪú½Բڽƶֽţ㲻һֻҪ齻ңҾͿԸӿռڵ뿪İ취֮͸¶һ˿ջ


2074 Ŀ
ŹĻò˵ǰĹУܹɵ۴ۣЩ޷ҡܹص磬һֱ
ΪĹϵҳΪģҪոܹάԼ飬Ҿܹ״̬
¶״̬õ÷ɫһԷһֱҪԼ飬֣޷ŹĻ
ȻʱɫռȴǿʼҵزһĺЩᴩͷ­ĺɫʼ΢ɢ΢⡣
ƺڵĶ䷢Ѫģͷ­¶ɫͬĪʹࡣ
ҡң
Ľк÷ƶΪ֮ŹʥҽΧЩڰҲǷ˼Ľ
Щڰǹνһ
ңҴص磡
ڲҽУͬʱЩڰķҲǲϵƿһĻҲһ˵һжģôĿԴԼص֮С
ھ񣬷ƾ岻ҪǲܵģѾ֮УǸ˹ǵڽԼ
Ĳҽɲϣ糾Ĳ̣߽˼ڵתһ̺ǳ֮۳һ
ƻؽͶûǰڰ֮У˹һͷ­֤˵Լж䣬ôЩӦöЧ
ˣ
ɫ۳ɹ򣬻˹ͷ­֮У룬ĴĲҽҲ𽥵ƽʹɫҲǼ˲١
顭
һȻΪҪģΪԼʹࡣ
˫ȥΪˣѪģͷ­ɫᴩ𽥵ظһĨ
顭顭һҪõ飡
ģжȻһﲻԣȻҪһЩʱ򣬹ɫȻر
齻
һͬħӵ֮дһεɢһĻжȻؾòʥ˵ڰ幥ֶβ࣬Ψһһ־ǣóɳ
ʣһͷ­ֶɾˣղһ˿µȻΪԭ򣬹ֻǷӳ˰벽۾ȴҲǷֵܹ仹ͻȻ֮¡
εһ˲ɢ˷Ƶ壬Ȼ˵ýӲԺͬػϵź
ã
ôһͷҲ跴һ̫ǿ󣬼ƵҲȴӲͣ롣
ڶǿ˵һ붼㹻ʤڷЩ֮ǹȻҲ˳ϵĶ
һͷ­ϵط˵ЦȻֱӵشӺɫ֮гЩԭȿƽסĺɫʱȴûзκα仯
ҵˣ
Цͷ­ǧĴҲ˲Ȼһ˲ǽưС
ʱ䣬һתţƴʱʶҲǻָ֪ԼһѣҲŭһ汬貵âµ췣֮˲䱬
Ȼ˵ȴǷˣһ췣֮ûЩֺˣЩ֮ϴݳһֹ÷˵嶼ǴһԵĸо޷ڵ췣֮
ΪµǣڱЩְΧ֮󣬷ƲΪԣͬԺ֮ҲǴһѣθУлԹȥĿܡ
ɶ⵽ô£
зŭ˫ĿŭŹһͷ­ҪЩֵĽȴ𽥵ʧȥ
ϵˣڵ飬ܿҪˣҲܹػ
˿ЦΪ⣬飬в֪һʼһȦףʲôô
ǲǸоԣԺѣΣ𽥵ʧȥ֪һЦŷͬһ㣬һΣҲ޷ӳġ
ûзʱŬֵŴָԼ˺ûв´ĻЩ̺ĳЩء


2075 
ڷܵƵͬʱŵ۵һλǿѾǽ˺ڰռ֮УǿʼѰҷƵټ
գȰ㻹ǲҪҽɱ̺飬ڰ½ѣѵԺҪסôԵ۵ǿ߿յ
죬Ҳ磬ѵûȥôƬֱ̣֣۵Ĵʼˣ
ˣ磬Եֶжôؿ£ǽ½ΪľǱϣŭ
ǹȥô꣬粻ɺúõôֶѾӡԲѵҡҡͷվҪص磬ֻҪ˳ɵۣ½Ľƾͻᱻƣ³֣Щ˵ΪҲܹȫӶҪЩô
գ׵Ժ͵۵ĳɼȵѵˣΪʲôô̾˿
˻һӣΣգԲԴУ֮ԺһͼҪص磬ǵǲԸ⣬ѡ£𽥵ر䣬ƳһΪɱ䣬ֹܹԤô̫ˣ
ΣֻҪɱͿˡҲһĬжԷƵɱѾҲ޷
ԣܲ㣡
ҲһЦαƿնڰռ֮вǰУѰƵټҲǽ
ƴʱĴǳΣգԹϮһʱֱӵûκεطоƵʶ𽥵رñҲǸӵ˷ܡ
顭顭顭黹ҵģҪЦ
ȻڷƼʧȥʶʱڵ鶸Ȼһ̺ٶȳ˳ľתȫ÷Ƶʶ𽥵ѹ
ţ
ڷ鴫ͬʱҲҲһͷ­ڰ֮УΧŷ岻ϵת
¶Ц⣬ΪͿ޼ɵô̫ˣãЩ͵ǸҵĲ䣡
£ǰŷƵഥֶȻط΢ĺɫâбǸоԼڵ𽥵š
ģЩڵ
ЩֻҪһմȾϣڵͻȻϢ𽥱ߣûС
ӵﴫһȦʱǱЩָߣҲ¶飬Щӷյõ˼ĺô
ȻΪ棬ЩԵù
¶ɫŷƣЦϽɣԽǶãҾܹո
ȫǷû뵽ģҪ߶ڵ췣֮ЩԼͬʱЯĶҲһ±壬궼üΪʱҪԹȥĸо
ԺƱѡֻǿϵάԼʶԣҲһȦ
ƴʱֻܱԼ֮Уȴ޷ЩͣڣΪֵĴڣͬѪһ㣬ϵԼ
㣬վһԹԵذ齻һʹһ㣡ʮڵɵ¶˵ɫ
һʼ𽥵ؼƵľģһڰӰӣҲϵؽԼΪΨа÷Ƴ׵ûлӵ
һΣֻǼʥǿߵȴû뵽ΪƵĳ֣õȣǰ鱻ӡż֮أ֪
ڷż֮ʱ򣬼޾յĹҲǸӦĳ֣Ӷٶ޾չͼҪѰҵ鲢ҽ
û뵽һηƾȻԶùβģڷƽ˺ڰռ֮һ·زϵطɷеľ裬ڼ֮󣬱һĻԣԱƵš
̫ˣ˵ǲģʩչ˿ƣ÷ƿʩչȻͷ֮󣬹Ҳ̲סֱӵضֽơ
飺飬ú䣬޾棬һ;ǿ߱
ţƶ֮ҩҴɾ
񣬵Ƶۣ糾Դ˿


2076 Ĺ
˷ܵؿŴʱ޷ѵķƣпڵķƾһζʳڵԴԴϵù״̬Ҳı䡣
ûгãΪҲѭŷƵϢӶˡ
ڵ췣̫֮ˣһ·ϣӡǣЩӡǱ׽ûѶõľѾѰ˹
һ֣õùǷŭ𣬡Ȼǣ
΢˫ۣһ۷ƣ֮ǽ˹ϣ㻹ôѵ˲˹ģ㷴ʡ
ˣѾǱҰգֻҪ飬ܹɾͳ֮
Ȼʶһ˶Ǵ½½ǿ֮һ
һھ飬ֻ޾գһζ㣡һϯƬڰռ䶼΢΢ǿҲֻܷӰ벽۵
ûлˣһУһɾͳܹ֮صĽʱ˭ܹң
ЦȻ磬𻹽һߣر𣬻ֻܷӳ벽۵ʵ޾Է
صľ㣬ȴ;ͼȴôһײ³㻹ҪִԲڵʲôʱ򣡣
̾һձΪصˣԴż֮󣬱һֱ׷һԽԽԶ߻ħɾײģ
ƱǧҲǸоλĿҲǾ㵣½ʲôʱֳλ
Ǵλ֮пԣƿӦǺλʶȴΪƺΪ׷;ŻǱģ
νĺڰ壬Ҳǹһֶѣ֣Ϊʲôڰһγֵʱλûгֽ֮ǽ֮޾֮С
𣬿Ҳû뵽һɣЦȻжλԹ
ҵģһβǽ޾գǽ㳹׵ػɱɱϣһֱ̤Ź
ûᣡ
ֻǰŷƵǧֲϵغˣֱŷʧںڰ֮УӴҲ𽥵ޱ޼ʵغڰڰռ䣬ס
ߣߣûôסƣ貹â׵ؽڰռ֮ҫͨޱȣ𼶱ΪȻ޷Ӷ벽ۣҲ˭Եֵˡ
ƣȻ࣬۳ϵµĲȻһ̣΢΢ر۾ӰȻʧ
ٶȳֵʱȴѾɿ⣬Ӷһеͷȣһ쳹ڰռ䡣

ŭһͷصڵϣռɢӴĹٶ¶
ֶΣĪǻùôĮصڰ֮еĹһξͽ㳹׵նɱ
ͷ­ٶȳ֣˵״̬ǹ죬³˲˹ģͷ­ŭ¶˶񶾵ɫ
֪ǾǿҳԲˣˣ
Ƕûлˣҵɵ飬ҾܳҲ޷ѹң
һһŭÿһŭ̺ſµľռ䶼ǸһλȻǱͣ
飬ߣֻҪҽСնɱˣҿʲô΢΢һ̨ǷǱǧסķƣĲڴ
죬
ɱɫҲ΢΢һǰԺϣ϶ǲҪնɱ
ÿֻҪɱСӣǰûһжҶֹˣŭصǰԼ
ɱɣûҪҲҪɱ
䣬
ڣûᣡ
Ǿսɣϻŭһ¾Ȼֱӵ֣λȻǹҲһ£ûзӦ


2077 
˼ԭǺԤ֮гֵ䡣ҲЦλȻǰϲּ
䣬֪Ҳһ˻Ρ۾֮иֳһĨ񶾵ĹâʱȻǴ˷Ƶע⡣
ҪӣҲӲλһ֣ûκηǹ뵽һ飬һоͻòһ
飬ܹóȻҲǳصĽʱԼȻܹΪ𣬾ҪֶԸԼҲ׵顣
𣡡
󣬹Ƿһŭڰռ䶼𶯣ӴǶȻѿһ޴ĿӣǰŷƵǧֱӵؽͽȥͷ­Ҳһ롣
Ǿʹɣ䣬Ҿɱɾҵ֮
ڰռ֮лصŹŭõôڽ֮еλѹ»عһȴѾֹսڣҪ
ģԲɹ˵ᷢʲô˵顣Ҳɫص
˵ɱʲô鶼ûˣƳһһжΪƶΪƣӡż֮صͲȻҲŹٶȽ١
˵ûã취ֹ
ҲŻʵ벻ףΪʲôЩ˾һԽף½ô
һû˵һ̤ڰռ䶼ŹӴֱӵع
䣡
һΪҫ۵бγһݺݵײڹ壬ǻûӴʱ򣬱һεԹ屬
߶˾챬ըȻֱӵ赲סһ
ôܣ
¶˹ɫղһǶȫܹӳ벽۵Ϊ޷Ӧ׵ؽ
䱻սڿԸṩԴԴϵϼһﻹΪǰѹôͬʱ벽۵ľ磬ˣ
ڰ֮У˹ǿЦȷΪʱڵڲϵתԶԶϵͳ̺޾İЩǳΪ˹ԴȪ
ȻסǶǱȽڵ޷ͣ£Ϊһͣ£ԼͻΪվͬҲǻ˹ϣǻֻԼøһѡ
ͬʱҲʶʱȥһλ֣ԼȻԴԴϵ֧֣Ҳһ
СҲҵôԹԵذ齻Ѫ⣬һɣҫ
ǲЦͬһ㣬ϵػڷ糾Ժ֮УЩ̺֮ò˵ͼ÷ԼֿӶɡ
糾ؼرģΪ֪һҡˣôĻٲľ硣
ǰסǧͬʱɢ΢Ĺâ·ڵŵø죡
ںڰռ֮У˫üؿŴʱǹӴǰ˵ΪҪѹǿǷǳ֮£˭ֻܷӳ벽۵ľ硣
ɶѵҪŹСӣӶôսȭͷ޷ͻķԷԴԴϵ֧֣ȥһôùľͽˡ
Ƕ˺ռҲһˣ
ĬƬ̣ǻ̧ͷ֮һĨ㣬ƺĿǰ˵ְֻ취ֹܹ
Ϊ㵣ȻΪٶе죬Ϊһǹ޷ѣеķҲꡣ
ͲҲôɵؿһһĨֵɫ̬תҲ̫һ㡣
ǾעҲǺôһһҲͻֹ治ɫص
˵ȻĴ㣬ڶģķƲӵˣ׾
ãǾ˵˺Ҳһŭȵ


2078 Ϊ¯
Ȼ˰취ҲǷֿһվڲͬλãϱ
Ϊ¯
Ȼһŭȣ˫ϵؽӡͬأҲˣƺʩչʲôط
ӦҲһλӡǷ˾ƺϳʲôط
ǷôѵǲҲһ
֮λʩչĿǵһΪ¯ƿֲ
ǾãһҵҲʡһ㣡ŭһӡȻͣסһ貵Ĺâ֮бֱ
Ҳһеӡһ֮ͬһĹâһ
䣡
ʱ֮䣬ڰռ䶼ǲϵµʱǺڰռֿ֮µĲԺ͵֮еǿҲ˸Ӧ
λô૵ؿͷһƬڰռ䣬ϵŤǴݶȥ
ⲨӦˣͲ֪ƵôʥҲ΢΢սƣǲȥҪ֧ŵ۱ֿڰռʴȻһȥˡ
Զڵۣʥͻʸ˫̧ͷؿԶĺڰռ䣬Ĭ
һΣƻôʸ˫תü΢壬ڴһĸоָоĺΪ
İɣ֣СӾһʥЦƳһۻʸ˫״̬Ծǲϴż֮صƻûȫϣ
ʸ˫һ£һʱȴе㷴޳ǰδҲǵ˵ͷӦδȬɡ
Ȼ˭ûз֣ڵ۵ĺɽһֱڽرչС𣬴ʱȴǶȻ˫߲â֡
С˫Ŷͬһ˰㣬ȥ˵ĮȻ建ڰ֮У߲â֮ڶס
СϢЩ߲â֮ΪϢȻ𽥵һȻû˷֡
壬ؾѣ
ںڰռ֮УĹâȻ£ֱӵס˹Ӵ塣
Լ֮УâΪһ壬¶һģĶ¯״պýӡС
ʱɫǶȻһ䣬ӡһߣȵ¯
ˣ
֮Уһâ֮ԻĶ¯𽥵رʵȫؽӡУͬЩڰӰҲ޷ѡ
ɶ
ڰ֮У˹ҽƺڶ¯֮гĪʹ࣬Ǻƿ£Ϊ¯Ҫ磡
ûκεɫ仯ֻǲϵŶ¯֮άתµĲϵ
ͼֹܹôֻǱǰɱ䣬ȡѣ
ŭӿշٶȣΪض¯֮УҲǺѣ콫ɵôľͻ
ƴʱʶڰѰ֮УҲǶȻظоԼͬһ¯֮УΧ¶ڲϵߣ¶ȲյͬҲһܵ˺
·ƱǾѹҲ˽⵽λͬʱ֣ϧһҲҪɱڴ˵أʩչһҪһҲҪ
ڵ鲻ϵתԴԴϵЩûа취ͣǸչȥ
ɶҪ취Щ֣ҪȻûԼ˸ɣǱˡͷҪ취Ŀǰ
ͻȻ֮䣬˴ٶȼ࣬·ҲǷӦ˹΢΢ظӦһ֪ˣʱ״̬Ҳõȥ
Ϊⶦ¯γǶԹʥԡΪƣҲòȫȥⶦ¯Ϊںλ֮£Ƿ˶ԷƵա
ƲҲһϲȻĻôֻҪԼôжͣҲ޷Լγκ˺


2079 ֶ
Źض¯ƺܿѰҵ˻ᣬڵۼ˲٣ûڵȣʱ
ƲҪҪԹʩչһ
ƺ˷Ƶ״Ҳŭһ֪ûѣòײ׽סۿҪ֣÷Ƶóѣ
뻹лѣ
¶ɫâ֣ѾЩиĴ֣ʱٶȽģǺòڷ۳ٶȱոɾ
ͬҲǸ˴ۣΪѹƷƣض¯ڵһӶ˳ش
꣡
ͻȻһϸ΢Ƿڵ췣֮Ǳ۶Ȼ࣬ȴԱ
һ貹âԺڰ֮б֣ʣٶȱǿ췣֮ʱǧͬ˿һ㣬׷׵ؼ˶ԷƵա
ɶ񣡡
һĻͫӿһĨòײŵȵ͵ǰѵҪؿŷ뿪
ŭһεľϯͷ­ŷ˹ȥڹ֮£ǧ裬Ӷ¯вֻҪɣŪ֣ôλʩչҲûκЧ
ͬҲʮֵһ飬ô¼ʩչҲᱻԷƵ
ӰѾóѣŭλ֣ǻԸǴȥҲǳЦ
һĨɵɫĻ·ȾͳŲס֮ԭŷ㹻ģд
һŭϵϢʱǿʱض¯֮Ϣһ¯֮Уʱᱻɾ
Ȼ鴫ϢΨһľݣҲǲ˶¯ôֻһһҪǰķƸɸɾռΪУ
֮£Ҳп˵ͬһҪض¯֮еĿͬʱҪԹɡ
ڵΪǰˣΪض¯ĴڣͬʱڹҲǸ󣬶ǲ׽һ˿ᣬŬ֮С
ڣڷƺ͹˵Ҫľʱ䣬Ҫ˭ȳŲס
¶ʹ֮ɫض¯֮ڵĿռ𽥵رŤµϵسţͬεĻڷգԱ߲ϵԼʹ־ͼ
һֱڳλĲϵش߶ض¯Ƿƻǹ;ƿݵ״̬֮¡
ɹڰʱѾǾرޣֵͬӴʱҲ𽥵ؿʼ⡣
ʱ򣬷ͻȻٶȸܵ˴ֿʼиҲһ飬عӴ𽥵ر⣬ЩҲꡣ
ˣ
Ƶ±ǳסڵ鲻ϵתһӿЩסƵĴ֣ܵڴҲҪٶա
Ȼȴǲٸᣬŭһϵâֱӵرµ췣֮ϯ
ЩڽӴ췣֮Ҳǲٿơ
˻ᣬѸٵԼڵǿʼЩֵʱ״̬ʮֲض¯ѹƼѣһش
ҿ㻹ôң
Ѹٵذǧ֣ʱϵâԽԽʢͬһ貵򣬶ʱ򣬹ҪڵҲϾ췣֮ҲҪԴ˼ɵ
ңҲ޷ض¯³Ҳһ㣡ޣ齻
»ˣĿǰȥò˶ãҪرⶦ¯֮У޷Ļᡣ
ϲģ浱ɵôƭһΣҾҲܽ㣡ƺݺݵص
Ƭѹʧʼ𽥵ػָڣ𽥵ػָ۷壬ǰԼ⣬ù͵ϮԼ
ض¯ڵԽԽڣǿµȶȣͬƴʱʼԼܲˡ
Ȼ㲻Ҳ뿪ɫص


2080 ໥
ĹɫӿֳһĨĸо±غʮмɵԷ˭֪ʲôơ
ֻҪܹȥ㹻ˣڶ¯λϣҲһĥλǶԼǱʲô̬ȣһʥģҪԼɱˣӿɾʹˡ
ʱʣһͷ­Ѿض¯֮ǿµޡ
֪ԼǰδеΣУƾľݣҲǲһУӴγɱУŷڵĵطֶȥ
䣡
γɵһɫĹâͷ­֮гǹ꣬Ҳֻ̣ҪһôϾͲйˡ
Ӵγɣһ˲䣬ٶ˼άͣ٣Ͼ벽ĹֻܲӲ
ҵǣΧѾûĴƼǳһҲõʲôΣա
ˣ
âȻֱӵس˷Ƶ֮УͼȻҪȾָƵ
ҪˣҲҵģ
ЦҪȫɵƣŪ֣Ǻض¯Уܵ˻Եƻһ뷨ǾǶᣡ
ɹĻƵȫԼڵȻҲһͲ˷ʱȥˣ
ҹţԼѹƷЩʥǿߵ꣬ҪᣬҲһ˲顣
֮пһĨâԼ壬о֪һԺ֮ƺһӰԼĿȨ
𷴿ˣʥ۷ߣҪһô
ϵڷƵԺ֮л𣬷ɫֳʹɫȻҪжᣡ
һɹĻôƵ³
ڷƵԺ֮УϵͼѹŷƵ꣬˷˵ɫò֮ʱɫʱɫ
ò˵̫ǿϢ֮󣬷Ƶ𽥵رѹƵһΪ΢ĵز
ͽνֿɣңһܹɵˣЦ
岻ϵڳĪʹ࣬Ȼڹóѵʱ򣬵֮е鶸Ȼת鱬һΪӾ֮н˷ƵԺС
䣡
ޱȣԺ֮Уȴ֪õ¾ȻֱӵؿʼⲿΪ׷ʱ߻ħΨܹ״̬֮нѳ
飡
ͬһӰ㣬˿Ц
Ȼһּ̡һֹϲǳˣڷƵԺ֮УһصĶǾɸ
ɸڷƵԺ֮УŻʸ˫֣ƴԱʱ򣬾ɸס˷Ƶһ
䣡
һϵϢԷƵԺ֮и֣ͬһΪԶѹ㣬ϵϢ˲ŷԺ֮УǹҲǾޱȡ
ʲôȻ˿¡
¶֮ɫǻûعɸǽֱѹסݲ
⡭ɸϾȻɸ
ǰĳǿߣɸȻҲţ񿴼һģİӰسڷԺ֮Уоѡ
Ҫȥҳȥ
Ȼ֮䣬¶˼Ϊ־ɫͬʲôµ飬ɸֱ֣ѹ˵뿪ˣҪһ㶯
Ƶʱһû뵽ɸͷһ¶ɸΪ
ŹԼԺ֮У취ȻѰ
ٺ٣ղ㲻Ǻܴ˵ҪôһҲ뵽ĳְ취뵽һ취ҪôԼԼΪβԷ
һ꣬飬ҲֻзƲܹóȻ֪ʲôڹɸѹû̫ԲԼˡ
㡭Ҫʲô¶˾ֵɫƺ뵽˷ҪԼʲô


2081 
ȻҪ꣡
¶ɭȻЦݣν֮û˿
㡭һʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôƾȻת֮죬֪ƵԺ֮ɸҲóȻֱӵؽնɱȡ͵ˡ
¶˻ں޵ɫԼ̫̰ģԷƽжᣬ׸³
ŹɫӿһĨĸоһǰƭԼԼȦףҲǷˮתˣõùˡ
ʥ˵ҪΪ벽ۣ»ϵɱ䣬֪꣬᲻Ϊ벽ۣ
΢΢ӿس˹޷ɸֻƾԼ
ԷƵԺ֮Уͬһ㣬ŹϵؽǲϵطĲҽ
ŹҡŹҰɣ
оԼѸٵؼƽʱʥ۷޷˺ʱɸѹסݲκηֻ׸һ㡣
ֱӵ꣬Ҳ֪ǷԼӰ죬ܿǿ˰סԽԽǿԭΪ֮УǱƵա
䣡
Ժ֮һ죬˫Լźɫͺɫâ໤֣ʱض¯֮оʣһˣЩڰͻ
Ȼǿ˹ͷ­˷ƵУҲǲ²⵽Ĵ㡣
Ҫᣡ
ɫһĨأһжᣬ»ƵͻƣʱԼλҲδܹԸ
ҲûõᷢչֵزҲǲĥѵѾˣ
û飬նɱض¯֮УŭȵڴݶΪֲض¯ҲǼΪˣҪһƬضҪ׵
̾һµҲټסˣΪһɹǺȴǼΪء
˶ûϵƴʱûбɹڽǱ֪»ᾪޱȡ
ҳȥ㣬Ҳ
ҳȥҪҵ꣡
ʱڷƵԺ֮УޱȣһȻ³һʥ۷Լꡣ
Ա꣬Ƶóѣɸͬһɽ׵ؽѹãֻؿԼ겻ϵر
ëղֿȥˣҪ᣿±Ӱɣ
ƵԺ֮вϵػصԼ꣬𽥵ؿʼоһ˿仯ԼͬҲɱ䡣
˹֮󣬷ƵҲ𽥵رøǿ󣬷˫ʶԼ壬ϸ΢ظһڵϸ΢仯ȻԼشĳһϡ
ǡ
һ֮ڵϸ΢仯ڸԼƺͻƵĹͷѾʥ۷壬ͻƵĻǰ벽ۣ
뵽һ㣬Ҳпϲû뵽ջӭͻƵףΪ˹ԼĳͻƵż
ʱ򣬷ҲǸоԼΧ¶ԽԽߣҲɵýüͷɨһܣض¯֮ͬһ𺣣˵¶ȵԼǿ˫ҲǸоһȡ
ƽüͷͶֵˣҲǲ֪Էݣƣ¶ԼҲǸϾɱͷסԼ͹Ҫһΰ˶նɱ
ϹҲֻǷӳ벽۵Ϊ߶ƾڵΪ޷ͻƶΪ벽۵Ļ
ʱͷҲͷ뵽ֻҪԼͻ˰벽ۣôͿԹ췣췣Ƶض¯
췣Ϊµ飬ûκο췣ǳΪ벽ʱ׷Ϊˡ
ȻˣҲҪâ꣬Ϊ벽ۣаԵҲֱӵգȫעؽꡣ


2082 벽
ڰУѸٵۣλʩչΪ¯ȴǽŹꡣ
ʥ˵벽֮ʥײͬΪεɱ䣬Ψ㹻ǿ󣬿ʼƬصĵܹ̤۾
ʥ۷Ű벽ۣϲûв٣ϵĲ࣬ʥ۷ķûа취⾳벽ȴԡ
ҲǷٶֶΣ԰벽۵ʱֻǿԱ޷Խȼս
ض¯֮У𽥵رһȵĹâţʱѾޣʣ£ʣ˷ƵС
ɸѹƣûκηֻؿԼ겻ϵһ
ƽ˫꣬Ϣʼ꿪ʼһȫµɱ䣬ָоǰûиܹ
벽ۣ
ƸоϢĲ֪ԼҪͻƵףҲס񣬼ӿٶȵ꣬Ͼض¯֮еԽԽǿʢҲŲסá
ȵĹâϵ޵ĺڰռ֮Ŷͬһ㣬Ź֮رƸһƬ಻֪Զĺڰռ俪ʼ𽥵ɢ
磬ʥ˿ʼ֣ʵһɫʼɢҲһϲҲǶԷƵ״ʼϾλȥˣһλǵ۵
ʦ֣Ҫȥô
һ£кǵķơ
ȥҲûãֲǿߣɲǿԲֵġʥҡҡͷͷ𽥱ĺڰռ䣬ҲǳƬ̡
ˣȥɣǾʥԼǰȥϾǵ۵λҪԷʲôԼҲܹһ£أǹھһʱ𣬻ǰȺ۵ֻܷӳ벽۵
ʥͬΪ벽ۣǶЩԶŵǿߣҲмӭսΪĵǣʱǵʥǸϼһֽȥǾʹΪˡ
ʥֳֵ۱ֱӵ˸˺ڰռ֮У˷һ·µӡǣҲǽ׷ȥ
ڵۣʥƺҲǶȻ̧ͷһ۲ĺɫȥ˲٣Ҳһһͷųǿѹ
ʦҪȥеȻʥľٶ
ڰѾɱˣҲ²ʱλڶţʥѾȻҲҪǰʥЦŵҲǻһ⣬Ѹٵʧʡ
ʱض¯ڣȵϵسԺ֮йѾ𽥵ر࣬ƵϢҲǶȻظ˲١
Ϣı䶯ȻλĲû뵽Ƿǹڶᡣ
ϢǿңĪҪͻô
ɫһĨ࣬ùɹǽͻƣĺпֱܾӳɵ
ӾͻƵף鷳ˡɫҲÿ鷢չѾȫسƿء
λƴش߶ڵǿض¯Ҫȡһնɱ˹
䣡
ʱ򣬷ƵͻȻرǱһ貵âһǿ췣֣֮ŵ˲ϵΧŷΧʼ¯֮ԽԽʢ
ҲǷڵ췣֮лסλļ߶֮£¯ԽԽֲƸоȥԼֱӵر⡣
ˣ
ȻʱڷƵԺ֮УһǱȫϣҲûй˵Ĵڡ
ƵϢʼȻرǣͬһµľ磬ʱ˿Ժдָһ̣оһƬضԼ֮С
ǽ˰벽֮أƾԼ껹ڷ˼ɱ䡣
ǰ벽۵ľô
ƶȻ˫ߵİ˵ҲǾػع֮Уض¯ڵЩȵӿ
ֳһؽЩȵɢڵϢͬɽһ㣬ȻϯֱƲ񷣡
Ѿ˶ᣬʼͻôɫȻرüΪѿ
һ̣֮жȻشһһ⻮ʣӲдһΪµѹ
췣
ƳΪ벽ۣѾ췣Ľ٣


2083 췣
䣡
һ޴쳹½һ̣ʥ׵ǿߣһЩδгֹǿߣͨˣǾ㵵̧ͷ˲񷡣
췣׵ؽ٣貵âƲ񷣬Ȼ˷Ƶͷϡ
ҲһȻΪ췣ĳ֣Ǳض¯֮У췣ûֱӵػ˷ƣ¶ض¯档
ض¯ɹ췣
ɫһĨɫΪض¯գҲ˵ڼӵƳ췣
ͷҲһȥĻ췣ᲨõһĻͶԷ˵
¶һĨģһͿ˹Ԥе֮ʼҲҪɱС
֮ӿֵâԽԽ࣬췣ֿ֮²𽥵ǿʢλɵ
췣Ĳ̫ǿˣ֣һǣǶ˾鷳ˣŭȵѰᴥ췣ʱһԱߣᴥ췣øǿ

֮£Ҳҧӡһ䣬ֱӵسԶԶرܿ˷ơ
ʱŹ䣬νĺڰҲǾرЩĺڰռҲǳ׵ɢ
֪½ߣڰռʧǻԾ𣬵һЩʥǿ߽üͷ˲񷣬Ϊֲ췣֮
ҪΪ벽ˣ
˭½˭ܹΪ벽ۣԺǵ۵ǿߣ
һʱ֮䣬ǿ߶ۣϾһ벽Ծ½ͷ֮ƽˡ
ԺӺȻ̧ͷŲ֮дһѹ
ǷôȻͻƵ벽ˣʧص̫˼ˣʥ׺Ͱ벽֮ĲǼΪ޴û뵽˵ͻƾͻˣްס
ɫҲǳ𺳡
ʶÿһεľٶǴ𺳣һҲ⣬벽ۣĳΪ벽ۣôԺӵλ벽۵ĴڣǵۣҲҪѷһ
ڵ֮Уʸ˫Ҳǲ֮췣ѹоǷƵϢ»ʸ˫˱һֱȥ
ͰûüסҾҲסҲֻӿЦͬҲܹԼز²⵽˭췣ݹԺҲΨǷƣ
䣡
âȻ£ưȻսض¯֮ڣ̧ͷͷµââˮͰݺݵײض¯ıϡ
ʧȥλӳ֣ض¯ȻҲάֲ˶ãƬ̹󣬱ǳڿֲâ֮ɢ
һε췣Ϊֲ֮µâͬһ㣬װ֮ûԲǧǰããâ
ԶԶرܿ˸˿ؿ´־մȾϣ»ᴥ췣
ʱʥǸƴãã׺֮еʱҲǸһĨɫҲûܹ²õƾȻ֮ͻƵ˰벽ۡ
ʥ֮󣬵ʥҲǽȻɫʥΪѿ࣬ƾȻڽͻơ
ǰŷż֮ؽһ֣һԼȳ֣ʩչɱУȴûܽɱǻоͰѷƵеһ̣ͬسΪ벽ۣôԼɱ¾Ͳôˡ
ʦ棬𡣡ʥȻǰ벽ۣڿλ֮Ҳ¶˹̬ϾԷν˵ۺԺǿߡ
ʥ͵ʥĳ֣ûж⣬ǶĬ˽еعעŷƴʱ״̬
ʥվ΢УƵͻƣ˲ĸоһٲƣôպ¾ûлˡ
ǰڷɱ⣬ΪԤ֮е䣬ڵʥƲ䣬ͻƵ˰벽۵ļҲԼͬһȼǿߡ
ڰ벽ۣʱпܳɵۣΪɵ۲ǽΪϵɱ䣬ϵصĸ
еǿͻƵ˰벽ۣҲֹֻһ磬޷ǰУеǿߣڳΪ˰벽֮󣬶̶̼ھܹɵйصĸ˭Ҳ˵׼˻Ե
ƳΪ˰벽ۣҲ˵ʱпܳɵڵʥ˵޷ܵһ£


2084 
ʱ֮ܲ嫵âͬһͷŷڵĿռ£׵ûһƬ
벽۵췣СӣǷĴڣҪ׷ȻѰ˿ɱȣ˵Խ˺ܶ췣Ҫӿֲ
̫̬˰ɣȳ̶ȵ췣ԶҳΪ벽۵췣ʥҲƿʧԣ¶𺳵ɫ̫ˣ˺嫵췣ֵܹסô
췣ԽֲʥɫͱøѿΪֻԽĴڣ췣ӵؿ£һɹõĺôҲǳ޷
ܲǷˡҲΪƵ췣³̶ȸе΢΢죬𣬹ھһʱĳǿڣʲôû
Ƿƣʥ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ܱᣬҲ²ⲻ׼ڵǱǱˡ̾һıᣬҪ汣סƣҲ޷
˵ڰˣʥɫ΢䣬в²⵽õͷĻǾͲˡ
Ĭص˵ͷʥ¶Ȼɫ෴ʥǰ¶ϲɫΪһܹɹ췣λҲԹۣɻֽ֮նɱ
䣬ܹɵ۵ģֻһˣʥȭͷаΪʥ־磬Ψгɵۣ
˶еעŷڶɹ췣Ḷ́λ΢˫췣٣ҪնɱǾԲܵ£Ϊһ췣ͬҲҪһЩ췣
ңκ߲ų췣֮󣬾ǳɹˣһڣǸʱֵĻܹСĴ۽նɱ
䡭
ĺԴԴҫ۵â׵ռһƬռ䣬û֪׺У׷ʲô£ڳ췣Ĵ췣֮пֿ
Ȼκ˶û뵽ǣƴʱ룬׺׵û췣˵Ϊֲ췣֮˵ЩâҪ˺һ㡣
գ˫ֲϵرӡǣֻЩ۵췣â£壬ǱһεֱӸ𿪡
Χ׺ãã֮췣֮ڲϵ£Ƶ嶸Ȼشһ측ֵ췣âȻǿʼرա
λ𿴼һĻǻᱻŵ˵ԹǼɹ췣ǧٹֵķ췣ȴûһ˿㣬Ȼֱӵ췣
Ƶͬһ޵׶һ㣬Χâϵž죬â̺żΪֲ췣֮ʱ˿̣ȴ˷Ƶ֮С
ڷƵڸǳſ񱩵췣֮ȻЩ췣֮˷Ƶ֮УȴǱð˳ޱȣ˵֮УΪڷƵĵУ̾žŵնЩ췣֮ȫڴһ󣬱øΪ췣֮ա
ƺ췣֮ٶ̫ڵĵﴫһɧŵڷƵߣȻǿʼΧ췣
ҲȻ˫Ҳ¶εɫԭЩ췣֮ԼȻٸգȴû뵽ЩȴԼܳЩ췣֮
ɨһΧãã׺¶һĨЦ׷ǿҳ̶ƺе㳬ԼЩâԽԼɹκһ׷
䣡
һ̣һޱľȻը죬ͬƶǶȻ̧ͷ˲Ʋ㣬ǿһޱȴִâ¡
ҿʲô⡣
ҲһȻվâδ£ǿµȴһֲĸоһε췣Ȼӣ
ִâ£֮ռ䶼ǸһĨڵĺۼȻֲ˹ռ䶼˺ѣգ۾âǽƵϡ
䣡
һâĳ֣׺ͬһ㣬ϢڲϵصըһâΪֲֲ䵽ϵĵһʱ䣬ƾͲԾˡ
һâмǿƻֱӵؽԼڣһҪ˺Լĸоǵ֮ʱݶȥ·ƶòŵˡ
ڴˣΪȣ˵Լܹ췣֮Ӧòָо֣Ȼһΰ벽۵׷ƺԼϣԶһ˺Ļ»ֻܳԿ


2085 ֲ췣
ƴʱоԼ֮ȫʹ񱩵췣֮ϵ˺Լǿҳ̶ȵ췣ԶԶسܹܵĽޡ
ԼҲǲ֪벽۵췣Ȼ˿¡
ͣ
Ƶ濪ʼѣѪϵرǱ߻֮췣֮ţϵƻ塣
֮У鲻ϵתɫѸٵת޸Ǳ췣ƻ
ƽҧأϵؽڿֲ׷ԼĵУʱŵѾǻصڣʼЩ췣֮
һε췣ǳ£µƻ֮ת黤֪ԱȣҲǸоԼڴЩΪֲ췣֮ʱ򣬷һЩ˵ı仯
췣ʱ򣬷ƶֱӵؽ췣֮һӶپۼڵ֮УȻһβһ췣֮ȫ£ͬÿϸ췣֮
ˣ
֮вϵشͬ˶ɱ䣬¶ʹɫ֪ڽɱ䡣ɣ½Ų˼ı仯
âͬһʱ̵ƻŷƵ壬ڴͬʱڽųʹʱڽмΪ˵ɱ䡣
λʥˣǱղһޱȴִâסˣλھһʱڵҲûΪ׷е𺳡
סĪǡɫֳһĨŵɫƺ뵽һЩʲô
òˣǴ˵еľסʱνɫ࣬ƴʱ׷Խֲô˵ԽΪǡ
ף췣ֻǴţδʱ˭ֿµ췣λжǾ㵣֪ȴû뵽Ȼִ˵е췣
ףʥɻؿһɴû˵췣ڳΪ벽۵ʱҲǳѰ췣Ϳͻˡ
ǣһУǵ̶ֳȵ췣ֱǰδţǻǰȥ޷췣
ʥʱɫüΪеɱѹֲסȥ÷Ķɹ췣ɹǱ˵¾ֶδܹ¡
ΪȻЩҲֻǷӳ벽۵ͬķƣնɱԷô
һ㣬ʥᣬż֮أԼǰ벽۵ľ磬ֱӶϮƣȴû뵽ȻҲûܹնɱԷһͻƣ¸û˿նɱ
ƺо˵ʥɱ⣬ʥɫҲ΢΢ƺʱ׼ʥ֡
ʥ㻹Ҫôʥʥ̬Ҳ΢΢һʥҪԼҲס
ҪɱƣԺɲӦʥֱûػش
ô㻹𱣲˵⻰ʥɭȻһЦڵķƿȥӦǱˣλǲŷ뿪
õʥ˵ʥɫҲλϣ𣬵ʦ
Ȼû˵꣬ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲô˰ֵ֪Ҫ˵ʲôǷıᣬҲסҪɱɱҲҪӡס
ʥ޻˵λѾҲûı䣬ǷѾôʶƵֶΣʥвǲһ˿ɡ
ʱ֮УƼܲ·һƬâڷڣµƻ֮ڳ䡣
Ȼ֮£һŭ𴫳Ǽ֮䶼ͬһ㣬ӿ׺˲ƽҲǿʼ𽥵ʧ
λһĪ췣ˣ
ͻ˵嶸Ȼرһεͬһ޵׶һ㣬ؽΧ췣սڡ
һ£ƼΪƵƶ֮ͬϵҲǼžƲϵ췣֮׳
ղһ췣ȷǺֲܿǳŹȥˣ˵ͬõ̺޾ֲÿһϸǳ췣֮
ƶȻ˫âһһ֣һǿƶȻڱƬ̺һӴԷƵǳֱʣ
ɫĮȻֱŲ񷣬֪һԶԶûҪԵ췣
䣡
žƬ̵Ĳ񷣬ʱٶȷǿĻϢٶֶ¡


2086 ׳˻
ף֮Ϊµһ췣֮һоŵ췣٣ÿһǰӿֲһ˵ӣֱŵ췣ȫŹȥ֮󣬲ǳɹܹ췣
ղֻǵһ췣÷ƲԿνľǶôֲ췣ͬƶˣˣܹȻضɹ
ڶ췣ڶǼ䣬ѣƺ䶼Ǻڰһâ׵ػʣΪһŭֱ¡
꣡
âδռǱڷڳһͬǰھŵγһ㣬ͬǿ£ֻԶԶûеڶâǰ財
䣡
ڶ췣£ݺݵײײһ˲䣬εĿռûֶܹ֧ãֱӱ췣£ƺƵ
һη׼ڵ۵۷壬Ҫٴڶ췣ڴΪһ췣ȻɣĸıҲ㹻ˡ
ƸоԼڷһЩ仯Щ仯øӵǿ
췣ֻ֮ڵУڲһƸоֻҪһͷʱԱ췣֮ҸΪ¡
Ǽ䣬췣£Բﶼâ貣һ˲֮£嫵׺ٶȱ֮ͬеһҶۣûС
׺вϵشƵŭͬһ㣬ƺضǲͨĴڣҪɱҡ֮С
ŵڶױǵȿµƣȻλҲǱ֮ٴԶԶȥΪ׵Ŀ¸еļ¡
̫£ıᣬλҲûĽ֮նɱֶֻܶνзӡ
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫ѾǸƾȻ˿µ׷о㵲ѡ
Ȼͻư벽ˣ
ʸ˫һƬ۵׺̾һʶƵĵһ쿪ʼԼΪѹƹԷһͷǳתˣƱԼҪͻ벽ۣ
ǰʥ׵ʱ򣬷ΪԼܹԼ⣬ҪԽԼһηͻƣܴԼ壬ȻȲһơ
â֣ƴʱ״̬ܲãϵرһѪâ֮г֣Ƭ̹󣬷Ƶ涼һƬڣЩطƤ¶ɭɫĹͷ
ȻˣȴһĨտâȻ𣬵һɱ䣬Ψгɱʱʹܹ࣬øӵǿ
һΣ鲻ϵͷųƲũҩγɵɲԼ֮Уϵɢ͵תڡ
ڴѭƺܿ£ȫȻԼصƣڵ췣֮ͼԼȫǵõһֲɱ䡣
ԼĪ˰ʱڵ׺𽥵ƽѾڵƤٶѿ¶ӤһذƤâת˶ɱ֮ɡ
߾
ŭһٶͬһ޵׶ѸٵؽΧâٶȷԼ֮УЩâѰ˵մȾȴЩ췣֮׳
ȻƲ֪ԼʱԵ췣Ϊֲͷ֮ϵĲ񷣬һֱδɢȥһֱڷϣƺΪµ췣ף
ʱ䲢࣬ڳŹһ췣֮󣬽췣Ҫץʱ䣬ȡ״ָ̬۷壬Ѱʽ϶ǲԴʱķơ
ҵǣƿԽЩ췣գڴԼøΪǿͬʱΪ֮ӭһε췣
Ƶľٶ˶˳ĬȻ£Ŀǰ˵δزܳŹȥһƳŹȥô͡
䣡
ƷƬ֮󣬵£زһηƲûе£ӰһΣȻֱӵ˰ա
һĻλڣʥ͵ʥ¶֮ɫѰ߶ɹ췣ܱܵͱܵʵڱܲŻӲ⣬ٶ̫ˣ
䣡
Ƶֱӱ׻УӰ֮и߸ߵ£貵â鲼û֪ƴʱôˡ
ԼĪһʱâٶƽϢƷΧ췣֮
ĵס
ס
ס
ڰ˵ס
λĿɿڴؿŷӲسŹһһ췣ֱѾǶɹ˰˵ףҲֻҪٶɹһΣôܹΪ벽ۣ


2087 ھŵ
ھŵ׳֣
һ̣֮еƲ㶼ǲϵطȻǳѪ֮ɫޱȵؾĿ
̧ͷ𽥱ѪɫƲ㣬ɫӿһĨؼɵףÿһ׵ǵ˵ھŵףѾ޷ĳ̶ˣ
벽۴췣Թŵ񣬵һţѵƵĳɾͰ벽ô
ƴʱΪ⣬ȫͷǶۣʺѪҺʶƤڣһϢΪʱ򣬲ѪɫƲϵطƺпܽһ׽٣ݻһУ
ƵӿһɫâɫâѸٵر鲼ȫںֹâ֮£˶΢ز
ɫâתʱ򣬷ڵƵõ˺̶ܴȵȬǱ۶ϵĹͷҲžڵٶ¶ƤЩѪ˿ڲϵؽ̣˵Ϣڲϵǿ
һգۣٶ˫˺췣ĺڰ쿪˫ۣŭһ죬ϱǿҵƣͬһս
΢΢̧ͷŲϵ𽥱仯Ʋ㣬΢У֪һ췣ˣܲܳΪ벽ۣ͵ÿһΣ
ɣǰ벽ۣܣɣ
ûѡ񣬷ŭһâеϸǳżΪŨ췣֮ǰźܴĲһֻҪһܹ޾췣֮
Ϊת䣬ҲǷ˾˵ı仯˵ǰΪǿ췣дΨзһѣ
ܵǰϢλȴһۣüͷǶԹΪϤ֪ԲϢ
ѵûб᣿ɫصصȻһϣǰʵȴǸϢԲǹġ
һʥ۷ĨɱôƳһ𣬲ΪȻصȻҲΪƵϢе㵡
ھŵ׵ޱȣԻأɲȻãУܹɹȻһʱǾͳû֣޷ɱҲҪ֮׵طӡɫص
ԣʥҲǵ̾һһûа취ƣλȻʥͨ죬Ҳ޷
䣡
ʱ򣬲֮еѪɫѾֹͣ˷һضǺݺݵزһ£ѪɫƲ㲻ϵۣһѪɫ£˷ƣ
Ѫɫ˺ëδǿµѾǽѹȵвɵ
̫ˣ
ûнжܣͳŭһսڣ壬ξ췣
ѪɫأȻ٣ȻһƬռ䶼Ǽر˲û˷ƣ֮䣬ʣһĨѪɫ׺
ףھŵ׾Ȼֲ˹âӴͬһʱ䣬ƾǱϮʹнĥûԹȥ
Ȼܹǰ˵췣ھŵ׿µĳ̶ǳԼѪɫâϵ塣

ƵҲǲһɫâ췣֮յ췣֮벽۵ʥ˶Ӳ⡣
ѪɫâǰЩ췣ֽ֮ͬһ㣬û˿صֱֿӵر˺ѣ˷Ƶڣ޼ɵƻ
ƽ˫ھŵ׵ԽѪɫǰоԼ֮Сһϡ
ŭһڷƮڵսڵ۷壬ΣҪŹھŵףȻ³ᱻЩ׸׵ʣ¡
ܿ죬ƱشѪɫֲ̫ˣֱӵشݻһ̣鲻ϵתɫâб
ɫâͬʱΪµôĿĵƣɫâתҲѸٵظԭ
ңӡѾڵÿһһε췣֮Ȼֲ֮еĲϴȴЩڵƬ
֮£ƿ˵ʹ첢ţµѪɫ˺壬ȴϵ޸øΪ£
ƲûŹھŵףһŹȥôƾܹɾͰ벽ۣ½磬벽۶ǼΪĴڣ
Ϊ벽ۣӽ۵ĲΣһɵۣصĽ


2088 ɾͰ벽
Ѫɫâ½߿ŲһĨѪɫƲ㣬˿־ĸо׵̫ˣԻһУ
ѪɫããΪףޱȵغ嫣鲼ʣͬʾĩյĽ٣û˿ԱֿܹµУ
Ǽ䣬Ƶһ±Ǳ⣬ѪڿΨһ͵ɫâҫһּΪѸٵٶȽƵ顣
ڣƸоΧѹʱ࣬ƻ֮췣ͣˣããѪɫбŷһɢ÷ա
˲䣬Ƶ֮£ɹʩչ˷ʱøӵǿ
ɨӶΧѪɫŷҲǸеԾԽбǸӵľΪײûɢȥ췣ûн
䣡
Ѫɫâ֮УȻرըһ죬һͬسƻȴڤڤ˸оһ˿
¡죬Ѫɫ׺ѣƺҪΪµ췣Ȼ֪ΪΣȴܹоɱС
췣٣ҪӲؽݻ٣
ھŵ׷ǳԶԸҳʱ̫ˣ䣬ǰ췣ΪһͬѪɫ׺ݻһ㡣
ƴããѪɫ׺֮УͻȻ֮䣬ΧֳƻһΪԼ˻þ
Ѫɫ׺УħදǳһһسֳǷܹõʱǳΣ
һƬ嫵׺ݻ飬ȴƿԾ죬ŭﲻϵؼͬǳˡ
ͬݻ죬һжޱȵʵǷҲʲô󣬶Ѫɫâ̺֮һŷ
¾ʼͬ˻ص˿ٵ֮ǰ˵龰һһ֣궼һּ¶
ɫ䣬ļûҲҪǻ֮ʱֻأһкܣÿһ׺֮ݻ鶼ǼΪؿ¡
˲ϵϮЩ󹥻䵽Լ壬½һ󲻵Ļ
⣬ħ׷׳֣Ƕ˾ɱҪӲؽɱڴ˵أ
ŭһ֪Ҫɹһε췣Ψнǰ׷׵նɱܹǳɾͰ벽ۣ
Ʋ췣֮ʼΪɱ¾Щֳ󣬷׷Ǳ֮±âӶա
ޱȵգΪҲƴżķգʱĿܣѪɫױϵػڷƵϣشͬʱҲڲϵظ֪ȥ˶ãǷԼǶʱľˡ
׺֮޾ֶͬݻһһݣħ֣һӵл֮Էʩչ
ڳЩ췣ϴͬʱҲǱøΪǿ󣬺ܿڱһΪصӵ֮󣬷ƸоֻҪԼһ֣춼Ϊ֮
ǰ벽ʥ۷岻һĵط벽۵ڿʼһΪȫǾǳɵ۵ס
һһƼΪĵڷƵøӵͣÿλӶȭ֮ʱǱء
λҲɫ࣬Ϊ֪Ҫɹ췣ǰ࣬˶һۣغһʱ׼ų֡
ŭ𲻶ϣǰնɱڲ֪˶ãҲ֪һ죬죬ֱȫķʱһƬѪɫâǻɢˡ
֮еҲҲ𽥵ɢ췣ǽ
ƶȻ˫ƣѹս񣬰գͬ޵׵ĺڶΧ
췣֮رգڵҲѸٵתϵ޸ص
ȻʱλҲһĨâ֪ʱˣȥ·ƻָ۷壬ôҪɱԷͲ׵ˡ
֣ǲǹնɱ˵ŭȣ֣Ҳ󣬵ʥ¶ЦݣҲֱӴ֣
ʥһ£վ̾һ޷ԷƳ֣ϾƶԺж


2089 
λ֣춯أǼϯĻеʥʩչŸ־ʱһƬʵâͬϵԣ֮
ûгֵģʥлʸ˫ǲǲϳ֣Ǵڹ֮Ужô£ΪϤģǰʥ׵ʱ͸һʥأɾͰ벽ۣȻλֻܷӳͬΪǿߣȴֱƲ׾ͻᱻɱ
ôױɱˣǷô
λһ˲䣬Ʊ˫â֣ͬǧǳвϵظ֣ƶȻһΪµĳ̶ȡ
λȻͣ٣ڷƸղŵ֮Уƺǳ֣ħͬ綼ڷƵݻ
ô£ϢȫһɫأʱƵư磬ȴһİ벽ۣҪԶԶǿ
㿴ĵŨ̶ȸһİ벽ۿȣܿǷ˲Ծĵط߽˷Ƶĵ
ܹΪ벽۵ˣڤڤ֮лõصĳϣһĪ˼ӳϣǵԶţԸݰ벽ϵĵжϴǷʸΪشۡ
ңԽǿôΪԽǿҪ֪벽֮УҲųףнףԲ磬ʥʥ˾ǴڴԲ׶ΣʱпͻصĽɾʹۡ
ƲǸոնɹ췣ΪϢ󶼱Ⲣǳװ벽ۣʥеʥһشԲ磡
ǲǹһĨɵɫûбɹԼֵĻδ÷ƺˣϾԼԺ
Ϊͨ˿ͻư벽ֱ֮ӴԲô𿴼˳ɵɫҲŭˣǹᣬָԪҲԶԸ
ʥʱҲǽǰǰվԺó֣ǹ½ꡣ
˼ʥû˿ز¶˹ɫۿλҪնɱƣʱȴҪ;ϣθġ
Ʊܹɾʹ۵ľֻһ˶ѣ
ò˵ʥĻ̫ˣжԷɱǾˣ˵׼ΪԺƺԺĹϵ塣
´һ¾֪Ƿ񱻹ˣڵϢǹ
ѡվԺȻǲԸⴥ֣ǹҪվ½յ룬ΣҪ£
ʱȫڷΧ췣֮λӭһеʥһһҲԼز²⵽Ҫʲô
ûκԤԽ̸λسֱ֣ӵضɱУһһâ˷ƣһƬռ䶼Ƿ
ϯʥλ֮󣬲ûһ֣ȴͬһ㣬ƺѰΪʵĻᣬһ־
ƸճΪ벽ۣҪλ𣬻һλ벽ϮνΪյһ£û˿η壬Ϊû·
Ŀ¹ƣα֮ͬУλĹҲ޷˺ơ

Դ꣬ڹӵеһЩȻҲܹ׵ʩչЩޱȵ
ǹ
ڷʩչһеʱ˫ĿȻԲɣŭ
ˣҲ̾ϢһҲʹţʱķѾˣȻûбҪ֡
˵ĶԻƶʱǻˣ˿϶ͬҲΪ˹ΪԼѾᣬԲŻֶԸԼ
λǰˣҲǹᣬûɹ
æ͵Ȼ壬ܹλȻãϾеʥϲڻ
ǰ׳ôʩչʥ۷壬ܹꣿЦѣá̫ȻҪƾ˻ԾҪǡ
޷˵صģѡһǱնɱǽܷӡҲĮȻصȻԵǡôҲκεļɵ


2090 ˵
ʱƿνǼΪƵ˼㣬λνһҧסԼǹضԼʩչֹҪԼնɱڴ˵ء
Ĵղϱ飬벽۵Ȼֲ˹ضΪ֮ʧɫ
ƴƣλܹӳͬΪܹʩչֶޣϾԷʥһȼĴڣ˵նɱնɱġ
벽ۣӴ˵ֵľ磬ʼأӡ֮Уֶζǣױնɱ
֮£ֻڲϵضλĹʩչǹҲλиΪȷѾǱᡣ
Ȼǲ֪ʱԽʩչͻӵλȷɣѡ
λ֣Ҳֻжܣûκλ֮һҪʥŵʥһŹκһܹɱԼĻᡣ
֪ȥ¶ΪԺпʼ˼ܹȻ뿪İ취Ƭ̺Ժ֮һ⡣
ռλ
һžò˵ڿռմﵽһǳ̵ĵزԴܶ඼ſռйء
ǰʩչ׵޾֮УܿһеĹһռλһֶΡ
ֻҪʩչ֮ǰһԼӡΣյʱ̣˲߶λƣԽ˿ռľ룬ʩߺӡλöԻ
ռλ˶ԣֻҪԷԼӡܹڹؼʱ̷ӳ벻Ч
Ŀǰ˵Ҫ»ý̧ͷԶʥԼʸ˫ˣһ
ʥûж֣֮УʥҲûгɣλ𣬵ʲôͷ
ĪǵۺԺȻ
뵽Ҳ֪ʥѴǰ»ʥİæܹ룬·ƳֲĴ֮ʣȻشһʥ
ʥǰҪİ
ڹսеʥȻһǷƵĴ˾Ҫɱƣ޴Ӳ֡
ҲҪĳ֣һӡǼɡ
Ƶĵڶֶβûбκ˷֣ʥͬԹ۵Ļʸ˫Ƴʥɫ仯
ʸ˫ü΢壬һĨɵɫоõʥʲô׵ĵطȴ֪ʥʱѾǺͷưд
ʥ΢΢Ҳǲźۼĵ˵ͷȻ֪ƵĴʲôվĸǶ˵ԺǿǷƵġ
õʥ׿֮󣬷ҲһֻҪѰһὫԼӡʥϣȻʩչռλɡ
£ҲǿʼļƻΨгŻңܹӡȻϢشȥȻ˰;ض£͵ǰˡ
ХһҲǴ󿪴ϵʩչԼֶΣλӭսһȻλ𣬵Ҫѹ»÷һʱ䡣

һ˵Ǹâмٵ۳һⳤڵ췣֮ɡ
սڣһ˱ԾеⳤȥȻһ췣֮˲䱩
벽۵췣֮󣬷ƸоԼٶȷһЩ˵ı仯ȫ¶ǳŰ췣֮Щ췣֮ǰĸΪ¡
ڵķƣϻʸ˫Ҳܹڼ̵ʱ佫Էѹ
췣֮Ȼرõλɫ΢䣬췣֮ǣҲӲ⣬ֻܹԵֶе
λʱԼ췣֮ѹƣҲ΢΢΢΢һʧԭأ֪ǰһ
ʥȴǶȻһ̤һֱеעŷƵľٶϾֶ֪Ķ࣬˵а취λĹӶѰҿ϶ܡ
ǵʥһֱûгֵԭڷʧһ˲䣬ʥȴЦ˿ռϸ΢ֱӵұһǴһĹâ˲˿ռĳһ
ռ΢΢ŤƵαǱȴ¶һĮȻؿͻȻֵĵʥ
ٺ٣СӣΪܹùôˣ벻ģʥɭȻһЦ


2091 ս
ԵʥҲɱǰԼʥ۷ʱ򣬺֣ȴǲ㱻㣬Լ飬˷òˡ
ûжķϻֱӵ˸ǰǼ䣬췣֮ӿֱӵŵʥ֣
ʥҲŭ𲻶ϣӶֱۣ貵Ĺâ֮µϢԷƣҲǶԼеΪ
ΪƲǸʥ۷ϣܹ֮ƥеİ벽ۣ
ŭʥҲڹâ֮зһЩ仯ԭ΢΢ʱҲֱͦ壬԰׵뷢ʱͬµһ㣬˿ʼ࣬ڵѪ粻ֹ
ն
һŭȴӵʥĿ£Եʥϱ޾貹â۳һ޴ĵУ˫ֺʮȻ£һᴩ˲ĵâŷƱȥ
Цǰʥ۷ηʥͬҲǰ벽۵ľ磬κη塣
ʥ۷Ͱ벽۵ӵСΪ벽۵Ĺ̺֮ŵڷκʱ򣬶ԸϵùƱøΪ
çİ壡
˫Ŀŭɣӿ޾âһ̣˵嶼Ƿ˾޴ı仯ϢȻǰΪֲ
޴ĺɫ˫ڿвϵɫķӡƬϣ˴ʱȥ֮йޡ
ԵʥһƲûжλ𼶱ĴϾҪһж¾ͻ˵ʥԸ
ƿǺȻµĵâɫޱȣе췣֮ѸٵۣһڿһӰȻֱӵһâȥ
âޱȵؿ£˵ʥ۷ʱڵһͬնǬ£Ʋ赲
ȻһɫӰֱӵسе췣֮Ǽ䱬ʥͻʸ˫˼Զؿܹоõƴʱ߶췣֮Ŀ³̶ȡ
ͬ췣٣е췣֮Ϊ̫磬ԶԶȥͬһƬ׺Ƭ̣һ޴ĵâǴӿ£ֱӵеķƣ
䣡
һضΪ֮벽ۼߣʱȻûл£ҲԱΪɽٺҲΪ
·ǧɽҲֱӵرԿóǶôؿ£ǳżƻ֮췣âҲΪâ̫ɢԶ

̶ϵһľ޴âͬ˿һ㣬Ӳر췣֮ס˲ܡ
һͬһ㣬ʥɫ΢䣬û뵽ƾȻܹ˵׾ͽһи֮ƵһȻԷûκã
ΪˣűҪ
ʥüĿ֮¶һĨֳΪԽǿԽɱΪƸĸо̫ˣ˴βɱôһټʱ򣬿¶ԷĴۣ
飡
ʥޱ飬û˵һ֣ԣһжĲ֮Уֻ£һѱ췣֮ĵâǶȻ΢һӲرը
䣡
âѿĵâÿһâǳſµǼ䣬Щâܼͬһ㣬سŷ¡
ͫ׽ЩԼ壬½ͲˣƳһʥڵλãһơ
΢һҲĿд

ͬأһ̣ڷ۶췣֮˲Ҳֱӵرÿһֱ۴ִâ
췣֮˱ըĲǷΧԶԶس˵ʥһУ·Բǧ޾âڲϵ˸
λҪƣǱһֱƵòò˺ʱ޷ƣϾǿǲǷƣ췣֮
ۣ
ʥһܲӲسһ췣֮ûȴӲͣԭأס˷Ƶȥ·
Ƭ֮䣬貵췣֮ͬ췣磡
ԷһֵĿ£ʥ¶ɫ̫ˣǸոͻƵ벽۵ľ磬ܹõʥԿҲ˵ԼϷƣҲûоԵİգ
췣֮ǸԶʥҲЩܵһЩɢâͬϸһ㣬ϵڿߡ
Ҫܣ췣֮˺ġ
ʥҪӭһ췣֮ʱԺ֮ȴǴ˷ƵĴõʥһ㶡


2092 
ʥȻɣŷƲ֣³һ£Ҳûнֱܶӵһ췣֮Լ

췣֮ûʥ壬ûʥܵκ˺һ֮󣬾ɢˣͬûгֹһ㡣
ǵʥλûзһǾ̫ңԶڿ񱩵ϵؽ䣬˭ע⵽һϸڡ
ʥɫŷһԼɣһĻȴ˻ʸ˫С
ڸղſʱҲΪ˱ܹһ˸뿪ʥӲǳһ췣֮ʱҲ¶Źֵɫ
ʥܿջûѡܿʸ˫üͷ壬ûдս֮УΪǰ벽۵ս죬ƾҲûа취ܹ뵽ּս档
񱩵ϣֱƬ֮󣬲ǻƽϢʱڵսȦνǼΪػңΧĿռ䶼Ǿر˺ѣ·ڶɽǱµƽ
ʥʱҲǱѣԶܹЩ񱩵췣֮ʼհ벽δƣӲؽһ۶òմȾѪ
ʥͣشϢţղǵȿ񱩵췣֮˲СĴˣһֵõģΪΪԼ֣ûлһƬռķ
ҿ㻹ʲô
ʥЦѾǿλѸٵؿʱټλ֣·죬ҲȻûа취κη
췣֮𽥵ؼ¶˷Ƶ壬ʱķһĮȻղŵʥһûжκγһеģ
ݣ
ƿѾٶȿǰǿ˵ʥģҲһ£֮жǸֳصɫ
ƿص췣֮Ҳֲ̫ˣͬ벽۾ĵʥˣǣ½Ҳõõȥ
ȻΪֻܹӳ벽۵ΪҲ˵ŵʥ޶ࡣ
ҪͼֿˣվԲŻ뿪΢Уʥ۵ˣȴˣɱΪŨ
ҹһ
Ҳ̲סеŭЩϲôҧסԼǹȻԼͿ뿪ط
񻹲ôһЦûʩչһ֣µ㻹ʲôΣĪҪңһʥ׵ϣҲꣿ
㲻ǹҲΪ䣡ʥҲλı⣬ҲԱѵ
ǵŵʥһ﴿ڵңԼԷǲĵӡ
Ҳԡһ£ҲЦǷ񣬶ҪΪ
ӵ𽥵࣬սȭͷѪսһλΧԼҪʩչռλеѶȡ
Ҫ뿪ʩչռλȻλѰˣʩչʱ֪»ֱӵرϡ
ǹǲֵģ
ͻȻ֮䣬ĮȻصϣҡҡͷ䣬Ҿͱ뱣ס
ô𿴼̬ҲһΪԸ⿴ģΪһǵ۸ûлնɱơ
ϼһΪһϣܹôŭһ㲻˵ЦǷԶţҲûš
ܹҳǹ֤ݣԵᶯֶԸû֤ݣҾԲᶯ֣
̾һ㣬Ҷ֣֮ѵûбϳϢôŹͬǱᣬ޷Ρ
ԣҲһ£ȷû˵һ˾ɹԴϢԶᱻĵġ
˵仹ǹҶܻŹҲĮȻصһƳһ𣬵㲻֣Ҳͱǰݹ飡
ת䣬ǷԼҲһ£ȫ֪ʲô飬Ƭ̺ϸ룬Ҳ֪Ժ
ΪƶԺжǹɹĻԲԼ֣뵽Ҳ΢΢һЦض΢΢ȭлûбᣡ


2093 شʥ
˵ͷû˵Ϊǹᣬǲ˵ⷬһиӵȷˣƲǹ
㶯ֲ֣ҲܣҪͱҷɫüΪλһ֣Ʊǿ·ƣȴֱԡ
ҡҡͷ죬˵Ҫ
£Ҳ΢˫ͷųµƣֱӵؽһƬضסǼ䣬رɫ
ʱʥƺʩչĳ˵ϢǲϵЩ췣֮ɵѸٵظԭ
Ȼ𲻳֣ôʥҲۿŷ׵뿪һ뿪һ
ɨӹ͵ʥɫҲסçİδˣֻһ˵ĻԼźܴİգǴʱҪԵȴ
΢УѰ˼ţʲôʱΪʺԼʩչռλ첻ٶ˭֪᲻ǿ߳֡
غһȳ֣˵ʥȻа벽۵Ϊֶβʥ֮ǺöԸܶࡣ
췣֮ѸٵڷƵ۶ɣŷƵ壬ڿлһ貵ĺۼЯſµƽ١
ƾȻǶԼ֣ʥҲŭһ˵屬貵âһӰһʩչ˳µ
˲ؽٻغϣֲʤ΢УûֱӶ֣ΪѾһֵĻҲǽ
գֹңҲı䲻Ҫľ棡
ص·죬ջǸոͻư벽۵ľ磬ԶԶѾǴԲĵʥأҵʥֶδʩչ
֪ʲôվԺĽǶȣұҪסοΪ޷սʤʥôҡͷһЦΪֳһУ޷ŲǸոͻư벽۾ˡ
һӵˣݹ飬۵ǿ߶ټµ׷ɱ
֮£ǵҪôҲܲţҲˣǿں쳾䡣вҲҡҡͷûзС
䣡
ʱһ޴죬µ췣֮ʥ嵹ͬķҲòȥղŵʥʩչ˶µҲҪٵĴۡ
ʥڿס֮󣬱ٶȳƼΪͣ貵Ĺâ£ʥͬսɣ˵սʱǱ
貵Ĺâ䣬ʱʱһЩģӰееˣһǵʥǿµսֶ
ҲסΣõǵѪݺݵصһ۵ʥһ˫ɫĳҲ͵޷ٶڿһš
аսڣ÷Ƹη壬ҲҪη壡
˵սڼ̶Ƭ̣ѾؽǧٴΣȴֲʤԽʤƣսḶ́õ˿öľ
ʥޱ飬ȴǸ̫̾ˣֻǸոͻƵ벽ֳۣսȴ˵ؾˣ³Ҳõõȥ
ʸ˫ǽշȭŷƵս֪ԷѾԼľ룬ǰܹԼԼԷƽѹƣڵķƣ˵޾ԼЩơ
ʱʸ˫Ҳǲɵһ̾ϢͻȻʸ˫Ǹое㲻ףҪµĸоæԼ죬ָоҲͳƬ̺ʧ
⵽ô£ʸ˫ãصѾǳһʱ䣬ΪԼµĺ֢ȴоһƶûУȴָŻĸо
Ȼ֪ΪΣʸ˫ӿֳһֲĸо
Ȼǲ֪£ʸ˫Ҳǲ֪Ͼһǲ֪ʱʲô飬һȫز£ȻҲûǸȥ
䣡
췣֮ٶȱ޾ձ𣬵ʥͷ˵ٶǷֱʥһονˣ弴㵹ɳȥâơ
Կʥƺأӳ֣ϵԽԽأ۷ƣȻͬҲܴˣΪ⡣
ڼ䣬ʥܹƣʱһеĲͳˣʥԲǷƵĶ֡


2094 Ѫս
һĻǿ̫ˣȥ˲ãʥͻܣǵʱ˭ܹס
Ҫ֣һֱ޴ʩƣֻؿŵʥܣռϷ硣
ԽսԽ£Ϊͻ˰벽֮޾췣֮ͬʥ֣νѸٵ
ʥʱǱѣѪմȾȫദǺ˵ƣڶֵʱûκε飬ʥҪȡγֲҪȡԷ
ʥϴϢʵâƲϣƺٶʩչĳʮٵرӿرգƬ֮󣬵ʥٶȱư硣
΢üͷа벽۹ȻԶԸһ˲ָƣһʥǿ߲һҲǰ벽ʥ֮ϵԭ
ҵҪܹŵʲôʱ򣡡
ŭһҲٶȱֲ췣֮ٶȻʥָʹ򵽵ʥ;ƿΪֹ
죬ҲҪķһĶܹʩչѧķ죬ȴҪƸĴۡ
ڹؼʱ̣ЩȷǿȣʩչĻҲǳܲ־˵ĴۣڵʥƴʩչҲЦѣⲻǼӿ˵ʥٶȶѡ
һʥʩչָ֮ʱôǷƶֽնɱʱ
ɲϣƺ͵ʥ˵ӰνǼΪѸٽپһ𣬿µϵǷƻǵʥҪöԷء
սڼȭͷ۾Ƴһ𣬷ֶԷȻûעԼʶȴһֱԼһԼԷǻ
ǣӲܣʥذɣʱûа취ˣ
УһҪһ취÷ƴ·磬ǵʥҲƷɱ
ȻĿǰʥ߱ȻʥҲûʹҡҡͷвϵͷ
ͻȻȻһ֮УһͨȼԼǿߵһʩչܵǴ
ʥʩչĻҪԷƵĹƣҪǴȻҲǲܵ£ʥǴĻ
뵽΢΢һЦʥǴĻҲ޷֣ʥȴӵиӿµնɱ£
룬΢΢Ҳǽ˫һƴֱӵش˵ʥĶУһСû֡
𿴼¶ģҲɣɲķĪʲô㣿
ڽսĵʥĴ֮ɫȻһ㶣Ҳǳ÷Ѱҵֱһ췣ֱ֮ӵغ˵ʥ塣
ʥһЩ췣֮ƻţҲæصٶӿ貵ĹâֱƬ̺췣֮ǻɢȥ
һУʥĹâɢȻѾǼ࣬ɫȴ쳣ز԰ףȻεʩչĶࡣ
ʥɻҪս
һϯԽսԽ£ʥɾ˵ˣʵǴñƵ췣֮ΪµƻԼ޷⡣
ǰԷʥ׵ʱԼΪѹһߵΪͬʱһЩȻҲûκá
ս˵Ҫɱ㣡ʥŭԺҲ˸ղԼĴҲһݣΪ죬ܹǴĽ٣Ҳûʩչ
ʱʩչְԼֿǴҲûлὫնɱ
뵽һ㣬ʥҲ¶˾˫ֺʮѸٵؽ෱ӡ΢˫ۣ뿴ʥʲôơ
һսԼǷսʤʥҲ޷նɱʥΪҲһʥնɱôʵᱬɲλҪľ档
вʣҲûа취ֻشʥȴܻɱԷ
ŵʥľٶ𣬻ʥ¶ɻɫزʥҪǿȥô


2095 Ǵ֮
ʥϢʼû֪ҪʩչʲôҲǽüͷֱ˲ĵطûκζһֱס̬
Խɻ󣬵ʥʱѾǴ·磬˵𣬶õʥ䡣
ʱĵʥڳرӡߵĿռ俪ʼһõÿռ䶼ǿʼŤһĻ΢΢һ䣬Ҫ֣һͻ
ʥƺ׼ʩչĳ˫ٶصغʮȻ˫ŭȵ
ƺƵĺ쳹أһ̣ʥϢȻǶȻؿʼ˱ǣ޾ز֮ͻȻرһ߲ʹâһ㣬סʥ塣
һ߲ʹâ֣һƺԶŵԽʱĳӣӳ˵ʥ֮УֻʥϢڲϵͬ˵֮еսΪ¡
ʲô
ƾ㵵ؿŵʥı仯ܵӶԷڴİзǳɣʱʥֻ֮ǰ벽򵥣ȴû۵ǰ¡
վԶʥɫͬؾɴ֪ʥӵļӳ£ʥϢȻøӵؿ£һ˿ɵ
ҿܹҿ⣡ʥоڴİϢҲһʹ죬״̬֮£ƾԲԼĶ֣
üͷ壬ûż֣ʥʵİ취ǹ죬ǵʥڵľģƺûͻƵۣԶڰ벽֮ϡ
ѵûк֢ҪӦĴۣ
ȻƺΪ֤е룬ʱ֮УȻһףûκεףȻֱ¡
췣
ƴһ˺ʮôͻȻ췣ؽ٣Īǡ
뵽Ʊǽ˵ʥϣȻʥɫûκεر仯ƺЩ֪ա
˸㣬Ⲣ췣ǴʥһЦͷµľײûκɫΪ֪Ǵܣ
Ҫľǣնɱˣ
ھ׸ֳһ˲䣬ˣҲǷӦΪ𲢲ǳŷƹȥֱӵسһµľס
üһȻİϷɫΪ¿ǱˣҲ֣ܳϾ𲢲ǶԷƳֻ֣ǵֿǴѣ
Ǵһϵ߲Ż֪ĴڣΨдóΪ˴֮󣬲Ż֪ܵ췣ǶϷ췣֮ϣǴ
Ǵһ
Ȼ֪νʲôȻǴҲǼΪؼɵǴǿǱ췣Ϊµ
ڵʲô֣ĺأǴ֮ҲͷƤ飬췣֮˺ȴȡǴһǴ֮ҲԻ
ʥԣɫ𽥵ر䣬Ǵֻ֮ΪԼֵʮӣһȥʮӣǿµǴ֮Ҳֵˡ
Ǹʱ򣬵ʥɲΪԼʮӽ˷ƣôľ
һХʥ˲䱬貹âͬǿյķǣ֮˲֮нƬضڡ
ɣȺ貣
ʥŭȣÿһâһУЯżΪµݺݵس֣Ӷײ˷ڵĵط
ڴˣƲûбˣսڣȻ֪ʥʩչΪǳֵֿµľףҲǾ裬Щ˼򵥡
ȻƺܿǷˣԴӲ֮еǴ֮£ڵ췣֮ʼôøΪ񱩣һ÷оȣЩ⡣
Ȼ֪ǾǴ˵֮еǴ֮ϾǴ۾֮ϲŻӴĶǸոͻƵ˰벽۾磬ڴˣȻǲ
ڵս⣬ϣٶŵʥսһֻ貹âֵڵ췣֮ûκεرͷŶ
ԲǴ̶ɫ𽥵ŵʥϵĹâ췣֮Ϊµ֮һӵ޷ƻʹʥʩչ˸ǿҲԿ췣֮
ڿؿǴ֮Ҳǽ֡


2096 ռλ
ʥʱǿƣȫǳ˵Ԥϣƣû뵽ʩչ֮ĵʥȻ˿¡
Ǽƻ췣֮ȻǻʥĹƣȴûжγκεʵ˺Լʼ𽥵ռ·硣
أ
ʥХϣٶʩչż֮ʩչһΣԲﶼ˵ʥ棬ʥף
ʱƱǸоԼڵϢ񶼱һ㣬ƺ鶼ܵǣƣΨһľڵ췣֮
ŷܵѹƣǼΪµĹâʱܼ£ػ˷ƣΪڵʥķ֮ڣʩչçİ忪ʼѹƣȻ𽥵ʧ
Ҳǳ˷ƵԤϣçİıɣøǿᣬçİʧֵ֮ʥȻ˺Լ
Ҫ֪Ѿǰ벽ۣܹ췣ĴﵽһΪµĳ̶ȣȻҲûֿܹ˵ʥĹõʱʥǶôؿ¡
ڷ֮ڣƱѹƣΨһܹõľΨ췣֮ȻʱΨٶȽٻһβľŵڸղŰ벽۵췣֮У˵ѾںϳΪһӿµĴڣ
ϵشȻһĿԷƵڳ֣ΧԱߡ
ΪͿԾȵôʥվգ貵ĹâһͬսµƲϵϯ
ʥ΢УûдȥɫҲȻرȻ֮£Щ֮иֵ貹âʼϵƾձը
Źâıը֮ҲһµĲƿһĻавһѸٵ壬ס
ɣȺ䣡
ʥŭ֮ʣʱʮصǿʼٵ貵Ĺâѿʱռ䶼ǱòŤ
һΣдӷƵд˴ӿǲϵرѿĹâʱȻͬһ£һâǳɰǧâͬʱ£
һ˲䣬ƱǱЩͬʯһĹâ׵£ʱضǱҫΪۣ
ĻſµʥҲ¶˾֮ɫȳ̶ȵ˺벽ۼǿߣʥʩչʲôȻӵ˿µ
һӣǻƽϢʥ΢΢ǿȵʩչѾҪ˼ޣܷŷ
ʱϷǴ֮ѾǹȥӣۿµǴ֮ԽԽ£Ҳ¶˿ɬ顣
ʥȻǲгɣֳǰҪûԷƽһʱͻȻ𣬻ûõʥӦһǳֱӵŵʥ˺ҧȥ
췣֮۶ɣʥʶҲвκγֱӵ˸϶һ㣬׷ᡣ
ɶ񣡡ʥзŭƽ֣ѾǶԷƹˣղſز׽ƵϢ𽥵ر
ȷͬʥ²һ㣬ʱƵʮֲղŵʥһнǲݻٵԼػҲԳܡ
ȿȣ
â𽥵ɢȥ¶˷Ƶ壬ȫãմѪ΢΢̧ͷѵؿŵʥ֪ܵʥʩչʲôԼǶԷĶ֣ȥ´
Ψʱ뿪պٸϲˣ૵ոͻư벽۵ľ磬ûȫʥæϵԽãֻԼԽ
еսˣƿһΧƺҪ뿪ȻһֱעŷƾٶҲע⵽ˣ±ŭûˣռ䣡
ʥһѣвղ׷Ϊûʲôֿˣȴû뵽Ĵ⣬ҲѸٵغʮҪ׵طһƬռ䣡
Ϊʱ뿪İ취ԤϣȴľֻᣬõǵѪŵʥϲģҼסˣ´ұȻ˫
֮󣬷Ƶǿʼ𽥵رŤûдΧĿռ䲨ͬʱԶʥҲͻȻһоԼƺʩĳһ㡣
ռλصһ̣ǶȻʧԭء


2097 
ڷʧһ˲䣬ʥɫ͵һ䣬ǲƵϢȫʧһ㡣
ܣ
ʥ¶˼ɫһƬضԼʩչķ֮ڣ˵ԼһƬռ֮еףôܹȻϢƿռȥ
ģȥ׷
ɵôڣǴ֮ԽԽֲеԲԭΪʥʩչʵѹƷƣȴ֪÷Ƹˣ
Ȼڵʥ׼ֵʱԭȷʧĵطٶȳֳŤļһģӰǳԭء
Сӣˣң
ʥŭЦΪǷƳˣҲֱӵضִһǿĹ貵Ĺâͬԣ嫶٣
һ̣¶Ӱ΢΢̧ͷǿµĹ£ҲǲȻŭȵʥ˲ɣҳ֣
˻һʥڵؿųֵľȻʥ
ŵʥһȵĻλ˫ĿŭɣʥŤͷȻܣ
ҲΪ㵣ҲһЦʲôҶû֣Ҫ֣Ϊƻڲô
䣡
嫵Խ٣ʥɫ΢䣬ŭת˫趯һƬһƬ켣֣Ǽ䣬ʥǰĿռ䶸ȻŤ
Ųƣ
ʥܣҲֱӵʩչһµ˵΢΢ɢŹâƬ̺ĿռǰǳһƬ貵Ĺâ
飡
ԺݺݵغȻûлʥǱʲôסһ㣬ΪµԶǱ£޷
ɢ
ʥŭһȫ죬һϯֱֻӵݺݵضǰԴȥ
һ£Ǭ
ضڲһʥĺֱӵرһɢ񱩵ನĴ˺ռ䣡
ۣ
ƽ⣬ʥܵķɣɫ԰ףȻһѪ˵ϢҲֱӵر
㡭ʥѪָʥҪʲô˵ڡ
ʲôңΪҺ۸ҶҶ֣ĪΪһ벽ۣʥЦ˵ʵղһ˲䣬ԼҲǱһȻ±ǷӦ˹ԭ㡣

ڰ֮УǴ֮𿴵һĻǱף֮дµǴ֮ԽԽ£ȻʱʥɥʧսԼٳǴ֮Ҳͽ޹
⿪ɫŵʥŭۿŷƾҪԼǰߣʥȻҲ̫Ϻˡ
ʥ԰׵ɫ¶һĨɬЦݣҲֱӵӡһᣬǰϢҲǶȻֱµͬʱµǴ֮Ҳʧ
ʩչҪǴһǴȻҲʧˡ
ŭҪ⵽׷ô£ΪʲôʥͻȻسڴ˵أȥ
΢΢̧ͷһһ˸ҲǳʥԱߡ
£һͣ
ŭŭͬʱпܱĻɽһһ±ʣѾǽƸˡ
ʲô˼ĪΪҸһƤôƳһ΢΢ȻҲǲ֪ô£һοó
Ϊһ¾ôˣˣɫüΪ࣬ĴҪѰҷƵӰ
ȻѰһ飬ΧĿռҲû쳣ûзַƵӰ
ٺ٣˷ˣû´ĻǹľռλҲһЦ
ռλֻҪӡǣôʩ߾Ϳʱĳһ˻תλãһΪͨ˷ʤ
ռλһ㶣ͫ׽ҲͶԭʥֵλãȻƵӰس

ɫȻһ䣬ҪȻһȴסһЦؿŶԷ
쵰Ҫʲô
ŭȵȻ˲ʶʱԼ
ҪȥѡЦҡҡͷ𽥵ر˶ǱĬ֣õʥͷƽ֣Ȼȴһ㣬עʥıȻûֱӳ֣Ҳоա
ʱ˿̣Ѿȫֳ֣תͷһۣ΢΢ݡ


2098 
¶ϷʵЦݣŭȴ޿κΣסʥʱûκεսһֻؿŷ뿪
ƶԤϵʥȻϰԼҲ˵ΪӲܡ
ռλʩչֱӵغʥڵλýӶֱӵ뿪˵ʥʩչķطΧ֮ڣһ˲бơ
޷׷ɱԼʥѾشһЦһεˣһμ棬Ȼõʥ˫
ȻתҪ뿪ʱһɫâƿն·ɫ΢䣬ûн赲ǵָһ췣ֱ֮ӵؽһɫâ
㣿
ƵɫȻر䣬ֵľȻǻʸ˫
ʸ˫Ĭʥ֮ľ벻ԶڷƵĿռλʩչҲǾһֶ̫ˡ
ȻƳԭλ֮ʱҲֱӵٻԷʩչ˹
ǱɱôɫĮ֮£ʵǲ˾ΪԼ
ʸ˫ԣҲǲŭ⣬Ժż֮أƶԼ£ҲĪһֺ⡣
ޣɣ
ʸ˫ȵҲǲ˲䱬ɫâһƬأг˵һ
ɫ࣬Ե޹ʵرޣ仹ԼһֱҪɱˣҲѹֲסеɱ⣬ŭȵҪҾͳȫ㣡
бɱңʸ˫ҲǽҧƾȻԼǵ޲󣬻ҪɱԼѵͲӦøԼһ˵
ķƣȴż֮طʱȫȻ֪飬Ĺ֮УͺһΣܳΣԻʸ˫ǵΪȫʶѹǺӡ
ʸ˫ΪǹģڶȡԼ֮󣬻˶ԴԼȫΪ˱еĺȻҲԽԽŨ
£ڻʸ˫￴һΪʹ£Ը䣬һƵģЩ̲סӿֲ֣֪飬ΪɱԼȻҲźɫ
ţһĻҲǷӦʸ˫ĳ֣ܹƬ̵ƣҪ취Ӧ֮ǰ֡
㻹ʡʡİɣΪһϵڶεôʱΪɫѾ֪ʲô
ǰһαǸˣʥҪռϷ磬Ů޲ʥ۷壬Ҳ޷סơ
ʥȻһЦ̬Ȳص˭ܹ⻰֮ег֮⣬һΣ˵ǵۺԺĽȻԺӮˡ
ǡɫǵͨ죬вȻŭһԱشĵʥҲл𷢲ڿֻؿŷƴ뿪
ûָʸ˫ܹ·ƣһʥ۷壬һ벽ۣ벽ۻһˣ붼롣
ڿгһһµĲʸ˫ȫɫâƣŷƣɱϾ
ƿûʱ㶯֣ҪѰ˼һĮȻؿŻʸ˫ûаѻʸ˫ϡ
ǰʥ۷ʱΪʸ˫ԼƣԼֻܹƾ췣֮֮⣬ÿһνֶǼΪǱʤҲʤ
ڲһ㣬ѾһΪ˰벽ۣʸ˫ʥ۷壬ҪԸûôף˵Ҫɱˡ
ʸ˫б䣬ɱһһǳڰ֮еҲǶȻһ£һһɫâֶ£ÿһɫâ̺ſµͬһܼ¡
ֹƣɫ䣬һ췣֮ͬϵӵҶ£µ췣֮£ֱӵһ浹ƽԷѹ¡
ۣ
⣬Ҳܵ˲ʸ˫ֱӵһѪ˫ضŷƣбɱң
̺֮һ˿޿κΣ仰÷΢΢һĻʸ˫ƺﲻһˣȴ֪ﲻԾ
ߣҪɱ練ƣ֮´㣡Ʋټӣ˱췣֮ͬһǰԶ˸ȥ׵뿪һƬռ䡣
ŷȥıӰʸ˫֪ΪΣзһĨ𽥵һ˿ʪ⡣


2099 
ڷȥʥҲһȻԺټ÷£룬ûõʥĶԷô
ŷȥҲŭЦؿ𣬵ԺðȻѣ
ΥЭȣɲܹˡȻһЦƺû·ϡ
ãããԺģһ˵֣ǶôطŭȻһ̣ɭȻصܹӵһʱӲһӣ
𣬹ˣ½Ѿˣ㻹ҪôģҲ΢΢һʲôľٶ
һԴͷֻҪɱôһжˣһĨɱ⣬΢΢ɭȻһڵǿ߶ȥ׷ɱƣܣ
ԣʥɫҲһ䣬仰ӵʥĿ˵ûжĿ˵ֲһ
Ҫʲô˫΢УԼز²Ķ
½ǻһǿߣдֻۣҪҷųϢ˵飬˳İ˵ЩϼһﻹܲסأɭȻЦ
ô
Ҳɫ䣬ȻͬԼϣǲնɱģҪųҥԣʹٲľء
һЩ£ʥ͵ʥδ֪Ψ֪½ٳ֮󣬸źһǿ֮࣬вȱۣЩǿĴڣ
ʱأعݻ½ǸԳںԺǳ֮⣬Ĵۣһǿ߲ԸۺԺУӶں쳾С
Ϊ𿪱ٳ½Ϊ֮еһΪ뿪綼صתǻĩա
ںҪ֮£ۣܶ׷뿪磬½Щ˶ϻʯͬȿµĴڡ
飬ĳ֣ȷѪ꣬նûܹоף֮екܹ˳ǲ֮ܶ˶Ƿ飬սӡż֮ء
ǣоİӵ˳Щں쳾֮еۣߣǷ׷׸Ϊû۹̵ֵ˳ջ
ǿǰĽҲǻһˣôЩۣӲ³
ûԸΪԽǿԳĿԽǿңǰûܹ֪ʱҲûκΰ취һ飬ôȻΪڶǿߵ׷ɱ
ͳ֣ں쳾ǿ߶ˡ
ֻҪһô½ΣЦɭȻһЦɳ»ֱӳɵʱ½ĽƾͻᱻƵҾԲ·
Ǻοأһڤڤ֮нע䲻ɵۣպҲɵۣѵ㻹ܹһһؽЩնɱ̾һѹֵ۵˶ִ˼Ѿ߻ħˣµȻܹõõȥ
˳ɵҹܲţΪ˳ɵۣҲ޷½ĽƵǺǰµԤԣɵԶ˳ɵ۸Ϊ£
һЦҲǴһӣԱߵĿռ俪ʼŤγһռУѾĵʥ뿪
ʦ棬Ҫô죿ʥȥıӰüͷ˵ǰ㣬ô½¾Ҫˡ
䡣
Ҳҡҡͷ̾ϢһĬƬ̣ڷƣҲ̫ܰˣЩں쳾ǿ߾ԺҲԿ⡣
ǷƵĴΣգʥʧ
ɣעҪôӲ첻ҪǺҲ޷Ҫҡҡͷ
ʥһۣɻڳճտڷȥӰĻʸ˫Ҳ̾ϢһҲ뿪
ʸ˫ɫ飬˫Ŀʧ񣬾㾲ؿŷȥķ򣬾Լڴʱ˿̣Ҳǲ֪Լʲô
ȻʱһɫӰӳ


2100 
ʸ˫ʧ߿ԶɫӰδʸ˫ʱĪıУûйƵԱ˵ĳ֡
ȹӰһŮӣǧ㷢£֮üͷɨһȦصףû๫Ϣ
˺Ȼǰӣڷƶɹ췣ʱǲ˷ƵϢȻ߸ʱȴ;һЩ۵ļһ·ȻˣҲ˵˺һЩʱ䡣
ӽƳһۻʸ˫ûжᣬٶת뿪һ뿪ΪƵϢ
ѾǳΪ˰벽ۣ˵궼ǵõ˼ǰźܴΪɾ˰벽ۣŵļӳ֣ҪϢѰûס
ʸ˫ʧ𽥵ɣȻعʱȴǿһɫıӰʧ˱УȻһȻվȴǷΧѾû˰ӵټ
ѵۻˣʸ˫ľʹҡҡͷ֪ǲԼĴղһɫӰԼ뵽ֵһˡ
ǽʸ˫ûзֹڰӵټͬûгֹһ£ҲֻܰοԼۻŻֻþǸˣ½Ҳ᳹׵
ûаӵĳ֣ڵ½Ѿ
۵ӵԵɢ½֮ϣ޵ص˷Ѿǻ˳İһʱ֮䣬Ǿ
ɶǵ۵̫޳ˣȻ
Ժĸ¥֮УݺݵشһǰӣߵصΪǰѷƱ¼ǿ߶׷ɱĿꡣ
ƵľѾǰ벽ۣϣЩϼһﵥԵĻҲôжͰ£ȻʥҲ³
ʥ΢˫˼ҲǲûжĵģֻҪŶǿһֵĻƾǼˣɱ˷ơ
Ȼʱһֱ˫˼𣬶Ȼ˫ƺǸӦʲôҡͷ²ֹ۰
ʦ˻ν⣿ʥһ㶣Ҳ̡
Щں쳾ѾǸˣǿҲֳ֣һεۿѷƸض졣ĮȻص½Ѿǳ˲ǿˡ
½ôǿôʥһۣǿ˸еľ֣ǲûо½һ£Ȼ֪
ɾʹ֮΢еֶεģֲֶܹͬδøã׷һڶǿߣҺǿ̾һƺ˻֮С
ԭ½ںػס½֮Щǿ߱ǹعŸԵѪȥǸԿţҲԺ͵ۡ
һֵǿѡ˵ۻԺǿ߽ǲԸŵԼӶôȥˣһ֮⣬˶޷֪ʱ仹ôǿߡ
½һǵСĳһµѪɽ洦ɼһͷµĴۡ
Ƕ쳣Ĭں쳾䣬׵س֣ʲôԺ½鴫ǻԶعȥ
۴һϢҲĬƣ۹գһʱ֮䣬½Ƿ˱仯Ժ͵ȻͷΪס
Ǻȫʧһ㣬½ûܹѰҵõټ۷׷ԶҲѰҲ
İЩѾܹЩĶҪѰҵƵټȻһжͽ޹
ʱ䲻֪Ѿǹȥ꣬ܶĴۺ׷׿ʼʧΪƵټǺ޷֣ɺȥǸ취
ҲǼΪļҪѰҵƣΪ֪㹻ʱ䣬пܻɵ
һɵǾͻŸӿµ鷢֣½ĽǱ忪ǳԸ⿴¡
Ȼʱ򣬵ȴͻȻһϢ۵ĸʸ˫ҪΪӣ
һϢԺǱҲĥ͸²ʲô


2101 ۵ı
ڵż֮أ֪Żʸ˫֮䷢ʲôģ¾ֻˣõ۾ȻҪлʸ˫ʱ򣬶ΪԾ
ҪҪҵƣ˵һ¡
ԺĳһƫƧĽ䣬Ӱһ˽Ȼңˡ
ӦòðɣԼʲô£ѵ֪ôһĨɵɫ
ҾӦòò£ĸʲôϵǲ˵ҲȥҳƬ̵
һ£ǵƲ֪أ
ʲôЦµۿҲǿӰ죬½˶֪ˣԺҲյһºлڶڰ֪ܲɡ˷ۣ˵Ѿʧ˰꣬Ƕһǰж䡣
ϾڵֵͦģҲǳ֣գһ֣¾ͻᱻЩǿ߸Χô죬Ҳ޷һ˿ǿߡ
ҵ˼˵ż֮أ֪ԼԻʸ˫أСصе飬仰ԼҲò̫š

Һһ׳յѵԼռ˼ҵı˻֪ô
ιιҡ˵˱ӣҲǷǼǲǵãʱ򣬲ֿ񱩵ĸûҲǲŵˡ
˼˵ɫҲ𽥵رԺ֮л𵱳һУ˵ĶԼûм䡣
˳ĬҲǺٺһЦѵûзôѹ֮󣬸ûһҲûҲ㻳ɡ
ķ˶˳Ĭż֮غҲûп˵һ£Ͼǣ˽һƲԸ˵ǵλѿô
˵ô죿
һʸ˫Ļڻһ£Ҳ˵ҪһѰҵƣ
ԵģѰҵƣһ¸˵һĲ֪飬ַ˹ϵĻҲǳĬûм˵ȥ
۶ûҵƣƾ˵пôһۣе㲻
ǲܣ˿ԡصһЦǿۣվƬصߣλڣǲǺųס
һ󣬱¥󶥲㣬ʥʱҲƺʲô顣
ףôˣĪʲô飿ʥһ£˵ĳ֣оеͷԣΪʲô¡
ģʦ֡
ǽԼ֪һһʮ˵˵ԼĵģΪһʸ˫ĻٰɹĻҲûʸ˫׵سΪ۵ˡ
˵ʸ˫ż֮طϵԼֲ֪ʥ΢΢㵣ȥе
ǵģպ֪ˣ¡Ҳǳһ£ʼԼĵģĸʸ˫ʲôϵֲ֪ͨĻ÷ƼǺǵġ
ʥ΢΢Ƭ֮Ҳ¶ЦݵüʱҺӦһεжǾ˵£˵á

һۣѵԺҪԵʲôٶô
ȷΪһξٰǶ˿һ򵥵Ļûв´Ļ𣬻ۻһЩյͼ²ԶʥЦ
ʦֵ˼˵ҪټЩճǿߣӶǼôɫһ䣬ˣôҲֻ˵һµ̫ˡ
ҲˣһҲԷƵжƵճֳҪԵľǿߡʥԺҲյȻҪǰ󶼴̽
һۣǿ˸Ե𺳣˵Ļô۵ͼı̫ˣȻҪһͬ½Ĵô
Һʦ취Ǹ£˵ſԽƵĵطʥ΢΢һЦ
ǰҪѰҵƣѾʧ˰ꡣüͷǽһֱ˫ϣµ˵ܹѰҵõƵģҲΨλѡ
ƺоעӣ΢΢˫΢΢СһʧˣҲơ


2102 Ѱҷ
ûа취ô
ɫһԭΪ𻹻ʲô취Ѱҵķƣȴû뵽Ϊ
ҲܣǵĴʦȴԡһЦ
ʦ֣˾ȵؿһ΢Цʥоɲ飬ʥõ
ʩչ˿ռλӡǵͬʱ߶һ˲䣬ҲһӡǣΪ֪뿪֮󣬱Ȼһʱ䡣ʥ΢΢һЦ
һУʵҲ֮Уԭ˵ڵҪһλ񣬶Ҫͼı½ǿߣһЩǿ߱˵ۣôԺҲ⡣
֮ƣΨнƳ档
̫ˣϲص׷ʵǷ
ʥ΢΢һЦ΢˫ʼӦƵλãƬ֮˫Ϊȵصڤɭ֣
ڤɭ֣
˶ǾʧΪطͬҲǼΪգһʥǿҲóȻشΣأѹЩ۶ѰҲԭƶΣյĵط
£Σյĵطȫĵط
ȥɣȥڤɭ֣ѷҵһһ£ȻڤɭּΪգСһ㣬ԼΪӦò̫⡣
һѵ۱ȥɣǸطɲһطʥҲǳһµûа취ߵÿǸطΪգһȥĻδеðա
˵ͷҲץʱ䣬Яһѵ۱ǰ֮أڤɭ֡
Ժʱڤɭ֮ڣƬ½Ϊ֮صڤɭ֮ڣƵȷ˰ꡣ
ƲԼһˣǺһߣڵһ·뿪ʱ·ڤɭ֣ڤɭһǿϢҲɣڤ֮ɭһǰꡣ
ǰˡһ֮У˷ƵˬЦԭںǸڱգÿǺ壬겻ġ
ȻҲǲ֪ߵݵʲôû˵ҲûʣоߵһּΪֲϢԶԼ֮ϡ
ڿ˷Ƶһ۵ʱ򣬱ǿڵˣ飬ǷΪɵĵط
󣬷Ʒûж⣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳûеطȥڤ֮ɭһǰꡣ
߿ǰĲоִ֣ӣִʱԼѾ£Ҳһ㶣ؽеĺ£ҡͷЦǺη
ǰ϶ѣ㼿ʲôùǰġƵȻһЦЦ
ţɫͻȻ΢΢һȥˣˡ
⻰¶һϧ飬ЦҵõҵģվҵõңҲҵģһӶҲҡ
һĺ󱲣߹Сζؿ˷һۣҪ֪жô
Ȼ֪ɫƽѾǳΪ˰벽ۼǿߣǿϢǾϤֻҪǰ벽۾ĴڣܹظӦ˴ˡ
о˺ܶǿϢ֣΢΢²⣬Ҳ֪϶ǵԼеı
ǳֵĻƱػǷ񡣡ߵȻһЦ˵Ļ֮Լ塣
Ҳδأǰңûз񡣡ЦЦǰݸоܺ棬Է˵Ҳ׷ʡ
˲ͬҡҡͷҲǴЦˣС˼˰壬һ
˵֮ͳһƣֱӵض˷ơ
һӽסеͨһѪɫľ죬ԼһΪصţһصâǡ
ǵ۵ҲΪ㡣ߵȻصȴ֪һ÷ĶΪ֮𾪡
ӦþǵԼֵһλȻƶҶԼ֣ߵʲôͷ
ȻˣǾͶлˡҲǴˣԷ˵αҪȥ׷ʣֻͼʹѡ
ȥɣѾˡҡҡͷʾƿ뿪ˡ
ƳĬضϹת뿪Ƭ֮Ƭɭֲǻߵ̾Ϣƺ̺ؼ
ɣ㵱ԤԵĳ֣ƻ½ֿ½ƻô


2103 Ƶ
ʱڤɭѾԼĪ˰£ȴһֱ޵Χûа취ڤֵ˵ȥѰҷˣӰûп
ʦֲ˵ڤɭֵôô㶯ûС̾ŵ۱׼ٶȶʱһƷǶȻ
ֱӵת˾Ȼһֽ֦ס֦¶ɫ
Сô֪
ʱһˬʵЦȻǷƣ
ڳˣΪ᲻óأƵӰسԼǰҲ¶Цݣȥݺݵظ˶Էһȭ
Щµˣô֪ЦЦ¶˾ɵɫ֮ѡͣڤɭ֣Ϊĳ󷨵ػһеϢ
ҲΪŸҰĵͣĳúǺ档
㵱뿪ʱ˴ʦ֣Ȼܹһ˿ϢӶͨһϢ㵽ںηٺһЦ
ѹ֡һ㣬Ʋûие⣬Ͼʥô˵Ҳǰ벽۵ǿߣԼʩչռλӡǣȴû뵽ԷҲǳŴ߶һ˲䣬ԼҲӡǡ
һҪһ£ξ㡣ɫ࣬Ͼ²͸Ƿż֮ص黹ӡ
Ŷʲô£㶼֣ضԴ̹ȻһЦɫǺټ
˵أҸйϵġ˷һۣɫεصҪڰºΪʸ˫л񣡡
΢΢ɫɵþʵ޸˭
ʥĴӣ죬˵ԵͷĻ£һеǿߣЩѾյۣһһȥۡ
˵ƾһλҪһͳ½ˣǴˣȻ׾ٵز²⵽۵뷨Ҳһ
Եģҵǳһǽˣȫ˳ڵ֮£ôǾͻؿʼַ㡣ʼ
ԺӲܰɡƺٺһЦԺ͵۶̾½ǿߣ˵ԺӦûֹһε۵ж
ȻҲһԭ֮һЦŵʹ˵ɣʲôơ
ԺҪҳ棬Ӷⳡ񣿡Ƹһ°ɣŹֵؿһӦ֪Һͻʸ˫ĹϵȻҪɱڶǿƼĻ£Ҫǳˣ¡
Ҳĵڶ¡´һ·ƣ¶˲ȷɫż֮ص飿
ʲô飿һ£֪˵ʲô
ͻʸ˫顣еסԼ˫ۣЩ˵оݣϾ˽¡
ԣû뵽˵ľʲô˳˼ż֮ص鶼ǻһΣҡҡͷż֮أҺͻʸ˫ô
һԺ飬һڿȷľǣ·Ĳ֪ʲô顣
ʱǲǱǿ񱩵ĸƹһʱ䣿ΪԹؿ˷һۡ
Ƶ˵ͷȷʱԼȷǱǿµĿһʱ䣬Լһʱ䷢ʲô顣
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫Ĭһ£ŵҡ
ʲôɫȻ΢䣬ɵɫжȻظһֲõͷ
ѻʸ˫ɶˡһǿС˷һۣص
ԣƼֱʯ״̬УԼȻѻʸ˫ˣ
ҿƭҵİɣôܣƵһӦԲܣԼͻʸ˫֮ŲɻԹޣԼȻѶԷˣ
ȿȣģϾʱ˾Աߡ΢εӺԣȻûǵ
Ǻˣһж˵̫ԽˣԼȻѻʸ˫ǿˡ¡
ͻȻƶȻһ㶣Լ뿪ʱ򣬻ʸ˫ǹŹֵɫԼ˵ЩԼ׵ĻڽĻ
һеļ󣬶ָʾƵİѻʸ˫ˡ
ңԺ۵߷鱨ʸ˫ǻСһ仰ͬһ㣬׵÷˳Ĭ


2104 
һΣƳ׵𾪣ʸ˫ȻУ
ô˵лԼйϵģ
ŷ¶𾪵ɫҲ̾һĲ֪飬ȻԲɫ֡
֪ºҺʹʦŻѰ㣬¡ŷƵ
ƳĬһжǳԤϣʸ˫Ĺ⣡̫޷ˣȻһжʵġ
˫Ǻ޲ҪɱԷȻȴ˷˹ϵջֽ
߰ɣҸԺΣҶҪһʸ˫ʸסغһ˾ģǰԼҪɱʸ˫ڶԷԼ⣬ܶô
ƿЦҲһ𷵳̣ȻԺʥҪȥ뿪ڤɭֵʱ򣬷ƿԼϢΪڵ۷Ӧ֮ǰԲ֪ԼѾعԺ
ڷƸϳ̻Ժͬʱڵ۵ĳһԺӣʸ˫Ŵߣʧؿգ֪Щʲô
УټĻģǺӶáʱһ˴ԵԻʸ˫
ԣʸ˫΢һ˻عתͷĳֵ죬ɫĮȻϲŭ֡
ڻʸ˫̬ҲǳĬȻǰһֱûʲô԰ǰ˳׵ʱ˫Ĺϵͽ˱㡣
ȥɣҲҪܡʸ˫صӾǱ֮ɫԼ鱻ݣΪԵ
֪кܴǡǴˣǲ֪ʸ˫ʲô
ʲôʸ˫ЦΪ׷ɱƣǲϧ֣ϣ԰ɡ
ջʸ˫ڷȥ֮󣬷ص˵ۣ廳еķӦԽԽԣӿʼϸ΢Ĺʱ򣬻ʸ˫ؾ
£Ȼס𣬺ҹҽʦȷʸ˫ϲһϢڻʸ˫һ
µԵʮֵ϶ǵż֮ĶҲ˵ĺֽڷƵģ
Ȼһ£ȴûκ֪׷֮£ʸ˫Ǹһ£û뵽ǣȻһһĪеĻϣƷ
ʦǵľҲ޴ӷڻʸ˫ɫû˿Ķŭƽص˵ƻ᲻
Ҳ֪ʸ˫Ļشֱ˵
Ҳ΢΢ϢѾ˴ԺǱȥƵʱһͻ֮Уϵ£Ҳû˾ȵ
벻ûϵʸ˫ɫûκα仯
Żʸ˫ĮȻɫҲǹЦӶʸ˫ƭԼˣôͻҵŮˣպĺҲҽе
룡ҾҲ޸㣡ʸ˫ɫŭ͵վȴ΢΢һĶѾǹˣѰиû
ҡҡͷҲ¶Цݣһε飬ҲǷԣΪûһˣϣԼȢŮӻһ˷ϵһеġ
ͬҲ޷ܾ͵ʥ־һβΪ˲ƣһͳ½ļƻ
ŰɣƲΪҵ֮һúöԴģһЦе׺֮ȫرǸ֣һȻΪµȵˣһӶзĻᣬȻһٸ߷ƣŮ˲Ǹ˯ˣĶҲһԶūͣ
㡭
Ƕ񶾵ԣʸ˫˶ûȻûа취ڵҪɻʱԼΪѾǱסˣҲͬһһ㣡
̧˻ʸ˫°ɣӿ˫ŭЦŭôͶˣҪȢôһŮˣŰɣ
˵֮ҲǿЦת뿪ʸ˫̱ڵأӹˮг˰ûڣķչ޷ܡ
ҪԾһ֮ŶԽԽоСļ󣬺ݲ֪ȴĽʲôǱӦ
ȻʱУа£


2105 
ڤɭ־ԺĲԶھݵİ·֮󣬷ƾѾǸϻԺһηƵĹû̫֪⼸ˣԺһЩǿ߸֪ѾϢ֮лصԺ
¥󣬷ʥٴ
СӶúãһǰꡣʥǰķƣЦŵȻÿ춼۸Ƕûһ֪ƵĲ֮ء
ܲôԵСҡҡͷЦ
Сʿ°ʱܹΪ۵ˡʥ̹ȻһЦڷƴʱϢ̶Ҳо㵲ѣͻû꣬Ϊ֮ǰƵϢǿࡣ
Ϊûнչ̫ࡣЦŵʥŵʥһ㣬ʥϣǰɵۣʥⲻ⣬ֻҪǵʥȳɵ۾Ϳԡ
궼ڤɭ֣ʱԱһֱĬ𿪿ʵȻطȤ
ǵġ𣬷Ҳǲӣ棬Ҳ޷ɵ롣
ûʲôֵˣ
΢е仯һ£Ժ֮ǵߵӰ뵽Īʶ
ȷһߡƳһ£߲ûж˵Ҫ飬Ҳǽڤɭλ߽Ҳó
ģ
𿴵һƣɫȻһ䣬˶Ǳü
ǵģ˵𿴼ƣҲΪҡɻؿ֪˭
Ǻǣ˵𣬾ҿƵĳ֣ҲҶʲôٶЦŷƵ֪ڤɭ֣Ͳ²⵽û뵽㻹˻ԵһξֵٴҲǲҶô
ʲôݣȻƺʥ˶ǳԾǿеƣ¶˲˼ɫܹλɵߵݵǶôؿ£
ˣ£Ҳѣɲ򵥡Цƺ²⵽˷롣
ǰʲôݣ̲ס׷ʵһ߲ûи˵жʱҲǶߵݿʼˡ
û˵ôҲ¶һĺ֮ɫ
ûУֻ˰ѣǰǽƽҡӺεص
Ȼ˵Ҳ˵պӦþͻ֪ƺҲԸ͸¶ݣҲû˿İ취
Ļת֮£ܿͻصζԸһεĶ档
Ҫô΢΢һζҪȥʸĻôʸ˫ԲܼǸ졣
һκȻΪǷ룬Щǿ߶˹ȥҲƻһ֣ڳͬʱһͳ½ʥ𵭵ص
ԭǻ뵽ҪαװһǱۣƣһ뷨΢΢һЦ
ԸꡣҲ¶Ȥɫ
һΣҪľǣȥ޼ɵ̬һĨȡ
һûۣͱЩճǿ߸ըɡӸЩ亹ٶҲ̫ˡ
赣ǣҪһͳ䣬ǲ֮ͬ⣬ҲһЩҲֻͬƣұ¶ѡ˵ͷ
ԣ˳ĬôҪðźܴķգϾ½ǿ߶ѰԼΪϵ飬һ֣Щǿ߶ͬһ㡣
ãڵ۾ôƳ˼Ƭ̣ͬʥ˵Ϊ͵͵͵ȥһ˵ۡ
ӵһöƻ˵ԼسֵۣҲҶԼôԼ̡
ԼĪаңʣһʱ䣬ڵ۰ɣʱû̫֪ʱԸϲ΢΢һЦǺ뿴ʱ𿴼ӵеƣֻһôľʱ顣


2106 ۵Ұ
һΣ½ǿߣܵ˵۵룬ȥμӵеĻΪ½ͷ֮һû˸ӵۡ
ǣ۵ĴʼˣҪһ񣬲͵Щǿߵϣһ㣬ڶǿ߶֪
һǰȥۣԲô֮£ΪЩǿߣңԶĹȥҲһ㣬Ǵ
ڵ۽ʱǼ룬ǱܾΪ飬ظһ𲻴Źһλᡣ
ֵڶǿ߶ձڵ۵£ӶΪ½Ψһף
ЩˣеѾǴۣеѾǷֱŸ貵Ϊһô׵֮£ǰڵ۵ǲòȥ
֮£һѾȻϵԺ𣬱ϾܹۿģҲֻԺ
ЩˣһֲԺ£һֱֹ̬ȣô˵Ҫư½»ʹԺͬͬ⣬һѾǱ𿪳ջ󵽣˵֮С
µķ½տʼ˭ֻ֪Ǳ֮ǰ
ƵĻع飬Ѿٶȹȥ˰£ǰѾǸʥٶϢ뿪Ժ˵֮С
ڵһɽ棬ʱվɽԶԶ΢΢
ƾһװȫں֮£Ͼûٰʽʱٴ֮ǰǱ˱ϳֵǳһ鷳
ƿʼ˳߽ɽ֮УȫϢǱ˶صӡֻҪ֣ϢͲ¶۵ǿƾƶϵԼڣһϢӡҲ޷ѰҵԼ
ɽΪʮɽ˵ɽǵ۵ĵ̣ĲЩǿߣС֮ǰףء
Ͼ䣬ҲǾͷ֮һһε飬Ҳвŷ粶Ӱ֪еһЩŵȻǸӲҵ
ڵ۵ɽ֮УȺӿһΪֵ龰ϲɫװΣ˲ϲϢ
һΣΪʵ̫ˣɴཫڵ۵Ĺ㳡ϾУڹ㳡Ӱڷš
Խ˻Խǿ󣬵ڹ㳡һʯ̨ʮΡ
ɢżװֵǿ棬˽ͶЩλʱ򣬶ǴĽǿ־
ΪʸܹǿߣһǶһţܹ½ƱɫǿߣΪΨǰ벽֮ϵľ磬ʸ
ȻԵʵδҪЩǿ߿̫أϵĹˣϾɻҪЩǿ߶շ
ʯ̨ϵĵһλΪ۽ߣ¶΢Ц·Ⱥɫûжı仯Ψʯ̨ϵһЩǿ£Żǵ˵ͷûվ
Ϊ𣬼ǿһЩԼȾǿ٣Ҳǵ˵ͷͿԣϾ½ܹһΨһˣ˽֮󣬾ֻʣһ
뵽һ㣬΢΢·ͶļΪĽʼɿ־ע֮£ӲǸһĨ⣬һִģڽ죬Ҳг׵ط󣬳Ϊ½֮һ
ʦ棬ǿ߲඼ˣֻǡ
ʱ򣬵ʥӰظֳض֮һĨɡ
ֻʲôĪǻ˲ôӵЦ𽥵̣ǱɭȻ
һֵǿͬʱûг֣ԺЩҲûг֣ûв´ĻҲ֪ǽյĴ㣬´ʱѾǰʥԼķ
Щ޴ˣȻʱ򣬻ηֱʵĪΪԺͿô̫棡˻֣΢΢ʾʥЩˣܹԤһ˲ͶԼȻԺ
һΣͬԺ޷ֹԼļƻǸϼһﲻسҲˡ
Ժ
ȻʱһӰɽţͬһħһ㣬ºʱǼž


2107 ʼ
ͨʯ̨ϣõŵ˶΢΢һ㶣ǽͶ棬յһǣԺǵǳˡ
Ժ͵ۣͷ֮еķЩѾǲºܾõǿߣҲʮֵյ۵ľٶƱػԺĲͬ⣬ҪľԺķӦΡ
һͬ۵ʥǿ߽һ뷢׳ͷȵ𽥵س˵֮ǰΪ׵ĺȻ
ʥһˣͬеģһЩϢ磬ԺǿߣǾЩıշǿߣҵϣһΣԺĳƺ⣬ܹա
תǰ겻ܹٵۣǵ۵ҡ
ʱ𻺻վһɫĽۼʱȥ߰ͬʱҲ¶ҰģҪ½С
ʶˣͲ¡ؽӴˡ΢΢һЦ磬ҲΪ⣬в̾Ϣһ׻ħˡ
ҵ۵Ĵϲӣôܹ¡һ㡣ƤЦⲻЦصҲ໥̸һǽӭ˴ԼΪԱߵĲԶ
һ˵Ϊźãתȥæ£ıӰʥɫҲ΢䣬ȭͷ
ʦ棬һȫǹİλôֲԵǵ͹һͷô
ԭλҲһЩŵ˿λþʹ·ȻǸˣԺҲǱѹš
Щα⣬սھעˣ˿ΣôҪô𵭵һЦƺЩλõķֲ˿⣬ص˵һ
ʥһԺһ£ʥӦɫֳһĨ˼ɫܽˣľΪɲ㣬׵Լס
ЦΪ־磬ЩѰ֮£ûж̫ϣһλöѡ
Ѿ߻ħˣֲҪư½ͻȻҲϧһΪ൱һ۱ǿ˶ԷĲ֮
𣬸⵽ԵΣʱԱߵһλòͨǿ׷ʵԺ֮УΨʥʸ£ҲֻվԳ׷ʵıȻʢǳǿߡ
ˣһǿߣڹȥ֮УҲСһǿߣѡ½
޵ǵ۵ֹŻһελʣȻֵ۵׻Ⱦˣһ߻ħǾͻ˶ġҡҡͷھ߻ħ״̬һҪΪİ
˵ΧǿߣҲ̾Ϣһպ𿪱ٳ½ʱΪľǱסһֵѪϾУޱȿµĴڣЩޱȵؼɵ
ʱѾٶȻصԼΪ֮ϣ·Ⱥߣ󲿷ֶˣһЩûģպ㡣
ɨӶʯ̨ǿߣ¶һɫҪĿ꣬ʯ̨ϵǿߣһЩֻһЩ޹ҪСϺ׶ѡ
ˣλ
Ϊļӳ£ۣʱ֮£еҲ𽥵ذ˵ϡ
ҵ۵ĵĻһľͳᣬλһ˳һ¼¡
ʯ̨ϵһЩǿô˵жһҪˡ
ʲô񣬲˶ĿѣҪľǣǶһ𣬴Ӷǳ
Ҷ֪֣ѾĶң黹Ԥ֮еգңպض½޿صĶ
ǿ߶˳˼֮УǸԤԣҲʮϾǶںٵһʱԤȻҲʮֵ
ɨӹһˣִҵɫûжı仯ˣɫɵƽҲ΢΢ҪľǣǸѰҳǰµõ֣ΪҶ֪Ѿ˳İأ


2108 ջ
쳹ȫʱ򣬳һֿµļžܹõǱ
˵ΪҪûڳǿߣܹ֮һһǿԷΪں쳾С
ַԺ̶ܴȵӳǵԪһĳ֣ᾪЩˣǵ˺˳ܣȫ˶ǰ಻ס׷
ôλһ֣ð׽֮󣬽ȻٴĿеóܣɨӹڳЩˣ֮жһεջ
ʥ΢΢˫˫סӵķ֣û뵽Ȼ˴ҪץסƣһҪڷƵڰҪ֪ѾǱǿаڣ·ƻֱӵɥ
ʯ̨֮ϵǿ߶յĴۣȻǲΪʲôףֻҪܹǻóܣԤ֮еҲˡ
𣬲ǲ㣬׽֮޷о͸ܣôʱһǿվ˳
ǰϾҲǳΪ˰벽ۣ۵ĵʥϧС
һʱ֮䣬׷׵𿴼һĻ΢΢һжİ֮УղǸվѯʵʵѾ׷ǿߣʱЩǿȤ
λİ׽֣Բһ˽飬ϲֻһ飬ţ𻺻ص
ôܣ飡
ģ½ֻһôôţ
ѵǴģһʱ֮䣬۷׷ףǿʼϵԴϾţջһ˲١
̫ˣȫǹģʥɫüΪ࣬˵ʯ̨ϵǿ߶ǶģΪ½ֻǳֹһö飬ǰЩǿ߶ǵľǰѷɱˣ»飬֪˳ܡ
ֻһţǿ߲٣жʮôֵþȣڲһˣöĻǰһЩǿҲǿʼ˶ҡ
ö飬ÿ˵ĻᶼУ
¶˵ɫķչһжƿУɨΧʯ̨·ĺѹѹȺһĨ⣬֪ƿ϶ǳˣĳһˡ
ʵҲͬϣƵȷǳˣȺ֮У˵һУڶȴǲΪȻտҪˡ
ۣȺ棬ʯ̨֮ϵͬһĨЦûϳ֣ûᣬҪȫش磬еǿǰɨأ
ȴǺ֣Դ˵۵ʮɽ֮󣬱˵ʸ˫δֹһɻ
ʱʯ̨֮ϵڶǿƺҲֹۣͣһվ˳ֶȻ˴ǣҲȴ֮ȴӦμˣֳ֮ͬ
ԳǿվȱףʥɫҲǳ˲мһȻİϷһ˳һ˳
ҲǺϵ£ǿߣҪˡ𵭵ҡͷһЦΪ϶֣ǲ֪ԷԸ񣬿ӶԷܿͻѻתƵǵϡ
Ȼ½ǿվ̬ˣȻСȾãΪЩǿ߿
ò˵һֺܸ͸¶˷Ƶϲһö֮õúܶ˶Ƕˡ
Щ̬˶ʮһӦˣôǾͻΪ۵ǿߣ׷ǰʲôۺԺʱҲٹľֻǸʱǵۺԺòĸԸµĺô
ѾǱգһϤ֪ܹóһ˵һջ
Ҳͬǰ㣬ڷ׷˱̬֮ʼѻԺϡ
𣬲֪ԺΣǷһ׷ѰƤЦⲻЦؿΧЩǿɨӶЩ˳ԺһǿߣһЩȷʾ۵ǿߣԲŻʱغԺһ


2109 ַ
˵߶ϣʥľ񵽵ʲô
ǰѻԼϣ׼ͷȻվɨӶʯ̨֮ϵǿߡ
ǸˣԺܾ
ͬһ£˰𣬶һ£֪ܾû뵽ֱܾӣڳشһ
΢΢ճȭͷɫһĨ࣬Ҳ̫ˣ
֪ܾɣɷ˵һЦеɭȻ˿ȥе죬ȫûǰϡ
ȷҪҾ͵ȫµ㣡ֱħˣ˺˵Ļô½һ˵磬Ƶ飬εºܣҪһͳ䣬£
ɫȻһ䣬ȵֻΪ׷Ѱ֮еܣѵʲôô

ЦǲǳףֻҪ˳ư˶ǱƳȻձൽԼĵ֮£նɱ䲻һѣĿģΪ½׶ѣ
˵ûУ
ɫֱ࣬ӵطϣ㣬ҲȻô˵ǰϣϾ½ĺ½Բܳһ
ԺŻԺ͵ۣĵ۵״Ҫ۱øǿһɽݶ
ĳĵȻѵ㻹ִԲȥ׷Ѱνܣ㲻úǿЦôغǳ⣬䣬ܹ˺ǳģҲֻһ˶ѡ
ĪҪںѪˣҵ۾д֮ʱҽʢ£еǿ߶Ǽһ˵ĺڣסе⣬ֱӵظһñӡ
һʵйģԸνѰˣԺܵκε
һۣúϻֱӵ׳ôһ仰õڳձø
ȭͷ񻺻һЩɱǿߺЩͲͬ۵ǿɨӶͬʱһ㡣
֮һЩǿ߽ǳһ£㶼վԺһߣЩ˱һβûܵӰ죬ţƻѾ
Ժ͵ۣҪѡһȻպܵıҪǵġ
ʱμһ˶סһĻΪпܾ½ͷҪļѵѾƽ½ҪٶѪȷ磿
ڵ۵ǿƣʱܱǿߣҲǷ׷׵ԼѡΪԼ⣬ǵ֪ΣҪôۣҪôԺûеѡ
˷׷̾ϢȻԤʵģԴ併٣һжǿʼ
ͷ˴ι󣬱ȻǵжԹϵпܻ½ĵһλսⲢСŵСС֣ؾͷ棡
ʱʯ̨֮ϵߴŵطΪϵһϵǼ۵ģҪһ׷ģһϵǼԺµǿߣǲԸⱻЩ粨ϯȥ
ããܺã
ؿһУ֮˵ɭȻһֺüı
ǺʱվԺЩǿߣ󲿷ֺ䲻֮ǰѾͨˣԺ͵۵ǿǲࡣ
˴˱˴˶ѣֻܲݹٷŻ𣬲յưɣ𻺻صԺһᱻκ鶯ҡνĳԼ飬Ϊ˵Ļ
ߣ˵ǵΪ׷ѣ𼴱ǵʱҲе룬һ˽֪
ȻˣǵͬΪıǾʹ˸ɣһЦ鶼زպԺ͵۱Ȼͬˮ
Ļ֮һЩǿ߷׷ǶҪȥȻʱȴסǡ

𻺻ת񣬿Ǹ߸ϵĮȻصѵھ˺Ƥô
˵ʲôأ˵˽ֻݽ۵ĻһʢҶ̸ֻǶģٰļʱѵĪλôô


2110 
˵˰һ£𵽵ʲô˼ڵľ඼ַˣȻ
Ǻǣô˵кܶ²ǿ󣬵ҵ۵ʢ£λȻˣǾ£ûҲ١𵭵صɫָƺղŵȫûзһ㡣
˵߶Ǽϣȴķ˵Ǿ˵ҪߣȻҲҪߡ
ʦ棬ˣʲôСۣȻʥȻشΪеĥ͸˭Ҳ֪ʲô
Ƭ̣ǻ̧ͷһΧȻʢ飬ǾɣйĿģΪ˲μӵ۵Ļ񡣡
ȻҲ֪𵽵ʲôǿģƺǲԼַԲŻô˵
ˣʲôСۣ֪𲢷޴֮ǶԵۣ˿ĺôԸõġ
ȻǷֻٴ˸Եλϣ̨µȻһӣƺͷе㻥ɵԷʱ˺Ƥ
ɫƽ֮µȭͷȴǽ֮Щ£ȷд㣬Ϊôǿ߼ԺͷĲಢûպҪ
û˵ˣѾǽħԼȴû˿ظоΪ½ʼҪһµǿͳΣҪΪƬصף
֮ԼĴ㣬ŴʱһǳǰΪƻվƵ̳ϣǰ˵ҪⷬҲûܹƳôʣһ취
ûʸ˫ѷƸ
ȻԼٵ˵ǰһɱ˷ƣµõֻ֣ҪЩ˿ĳ֣÷񣬳ǰû˻
һõ֣ԼǸǣʱӭǣһܹԺҪ£
ʱѵ׼
һĺʮɽþòɢһ֮ͭУһȺɫϲǺƺƵֵ˳
Ϊ׵ĺȻͷ죬װһ컨ǰ߶һкƵĻֶӣмһ̧Ĵţʸ˫ġ
һкɫ֮ʮɽ˿񻶵˳֮УϵĻȻԺһ֪ôµģɫȴǱĮȻ
ǺǣҵҪҪǾ档ʥ΢΢ϸΧһ磬κҲȥ
İɣҾ͵ſϷˣҪʱͳ֣Ҫ͵ַˣ˵ͷһЦݣҲǸоЦ¿»޵ĶС
ΧϿȺȣڽĺ۷ԵúǸ룬Ȼ۵Щǿ߶ûע⵽
ǺǣҾµ»ɥ񣡡
һȺɫϲ𽥵ؿʯ̨صĺ֮µķҲһĨ⣬۾ȻŮ˶ҶŮ˻ĺӣ
ǰ棬¶΢΢ЦݣϵΧȺͷȴû˷һĨԹޣ
һˣȻҪóΪıһ֣ҲˣҪȢĻһӽ̥ʮµŮˣ
⻻κһˣҲ޷ܵģο֮ӣ
û취ֻǽŭУ۽΢΢Ƴİ˴ţԺպҪôôʸ˫飡
һΣ֮ԴӦһûа취ܾҲ˵õ㹻ĺôڹȥڣָ£ѾǴһΣ
ŷһҲǳΪ˰벽۵Ĵڣ
뵽һ㣬ɨӹΧȺ̲ס˷ܵϣƿ֣Լܹ˵ǰնɱȻܹŻʸ˫Ǿ飡
ò˵һ֮УѾǱŤһжǷɵģҪƱҪʹһٱ
ҪƵŮ裬ҪƵȥ¼ūͣ
룬Ȼû֪ܿ죬һ˶Ѿʯ̨ǰ׼л


2111 ѻ
ʯ̨ϣλǰһ̺ţȴ˺ɫ̧ŵǰӣˣʱʦǰˣ
ûκζɫȻر䣬ʸ˫زʶȤϣȻĹҾǰӲˤ
Ĵһֲ©شɫ۵Ůӣ͸ϡɼĺɴؿ᲻ϵعӡ
òΪҪΪĹ룬ǿ⣡
ʸ˫ջƶ˲ӣŸӴӰѰ˴Ż¶αЦݣƽŻʸ˫ǰȥ̤˺̺
Цŵ㣬ʲôޣ
ӴЦݣ۽ȴ͸ɴͷǣ˻ʸ˫ʱᣬҲŭѣԼһˣȢǱţίˣʸ˫ڿʲôޡ
ʸ˫ޱظߣ˫ĿʧԴӱ֪֮󣬱ǱӡסȫΪʱһͨ˶硣
ʸ˫֮˿ȻһŴӵŮ֮Ҳһ£𽥵ذΪһʱ֮еԽܡ
½֮ϣ˭Ů˴Ŷӵʱл⡭Ҳ̫ˣ
һʱ֮䣬۷׷ףĻʧȡ֮һЩϸں̺ϣȻɱЦݣǰ벽ۼǿߣЩ˵СҲܹõ
ЩԽۣӵŤΪ۵ĴӣΪ֮ӣܹ֮׵ıȻǶһ޶ļˣȴû뵽ΪʦţҪŶӵŮ˽飬ԼͳΪ˵Ц
ûзӵЦݱԽʢгԽԽ࣬һ½᲻
Ժһߣ¶˼ɫû뵽ǼһȻͻƵ˰벽۵ľ磬ϧ
ϧʲôأϢΪ鸡Ǳǿ־ģһҲͣˡʥЦŵһ۱ǿʱ״̬
ҿϧȻȢƵŮˣ»ҪôЦ
ô˵Ժһ˶ҡͷЦҲ¶Ц⣬ɨӹ·Ⱥ·ҲǲҪˡ
ܿ죬ǴŻʸ˫ߵ˺̺ľͷֱӵض£׼ҪлһЩʽ
ŶԼµͻʸ˫ˣҲЦճλݰҵۣμӵĻٴٴθлҸμӡ
һͬ𣬱Ͼĵλ˲Ҹ
ͬʱҽһ¡𵭵صŹڵϵ죬ӽ쿪ʼǵ۵ιӽԺ۵һ֣
һϢһҲ˲پȣҲе̫ͻȻˣʥĺúõôôôͻȻˣ
û˸ʣ׷ǶףأϾΪ˵۵Ĺǿһ֮֮ϵĴڣƹ˵ˣ
΢΢̧ͷҲӦϷһҪ󣬳ϵǣֱӵؾʹӦˣõʥĻֱλ
ˣʱˣʱþлʽˡʥޱظĶϸ
УǾͿʼɣһӣʽʼ
һأ
Ȼֱӵתعǻʸ˫ȴʧ񣬲ûκζʾֻ㶵Ĺڵϡ
һĻõò˶ģ֮𽥵ӿֳһĨ鶼ֵزôܹӣΪЦô
㲻ҲðݣȻҲ촫۵Ļʸ˫׼԰Դʽʱͻ
½ǵ۾ٰĲǻ񣬶ɥ񣡡һͬһʮɽ֮Уϵػš
֮󣬾ˣʯ̨֮ϵǿ߶˷׷ӣĪǽ֮£Ҫ£
ɫ΢΢ر䣬֪ҪȵҪվɨӶΧȺҪѰҳơ
һۣеЦ⣬񣬲غϷҪǳˣ


2112 
Ϣ˲ϯϾڵµķӡ˲䱻⿪Ⱥ֮˳
һ̣˵߶ϣǼΪİģ˵ˣʯ̨֮ϵĲǿ߶Ƕ伫Ϊİ
˭ȻƵۣ
벽۵Ϊʲôʱֶôһǿߣ
Ժ˰ɣµģ¾ˡ
һʱ֮䣬۷׷𣬱ϾƵģǺ֪ܶȻ֪˵Ĵڣ˫΢УעŻ߳ķƣһĨɭȻĽǶȡ
ڻǳˣ
ⲻϣô̧ͷɨһΧǻʸ˫ϣɫøӡ
ȻԼǾԹñˣ΢Ц΢΢£ǿֱ߱վڰ֮вͬλã˲˷ӡ
ƶڴ˲ΪȻǰ˹ȥʱʯ̨Χǿ߶Ѿǲ²⵽ƾǴ˵֮е䣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳв˵ϾƵϿд˵֮е飡һֹһö
ڵķĳЩһƶı⣬û˵û˸ȶ֡
һ˷Ƶǰ赲סȥ·״ʥ̲סҪվֹ΢Цҡҡͷʾý
ҵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿǰѻʸ˫ߣûľֱӵؿżɽ
ڷƵ̬ȣоЦֳ֮˷ŭԼһôڵĵǿƣһ֣뿪ĻᶼûУվ
ǾҪûˣЦһֱӵضԷƶ֣ڵر˷Ƶ
ˣ
ƵӰ˲ʧԭأĹˣһĻ˷˾ǿ߶ӶһۣƲǼܹ֮˶ܹĹ
ȻҶֻܷӳ벽۵ΪҲиߵ֣֮һʱ֮в˿ʼԷƸȤܹˣȻһ㡣
ƵӰʧ֮ɫ΢䣬ʶɨӶȴûзַƵӰȻһ̣͵תŭȵСǱߣ
ԣҲɭȻһЦЩЦݱȡ֮һֲпЦƳһǹڵʧĻʸ˫Ϳôĥ㳹׵ؾ
ʧ֮еĻʸ˫˶Ǳͬľͷһ޹ʣ˵ֵʱ򣬲ɵ΢΢Щ
꣡
һϸ߰췣֮֮Ѹٵر棬ƵӰҲ¶һ㣬ȷǶ춯ˣΪĿǻʸ˫
һ췣֮ϮЦֱӵ̽һµγһεĿռС
ͬǿ֮еĺڶռſµһϸһâڱʱ򣬱ֱܵӵؽռ棬ûаá
һĻ΢΢ɫɫʼµشһ죬ֶԷȻҲǰ벽ˣо㵣ٶȾȻ˾ˣһҲûʥ۷壬ȴѾǰ벽ˣĪҲʲô
ܾǰɣĸ㣬ô쵽벽֮Ц
ΣĪΪԼͻ˰벽ۣҿʱңʦʥҲǱش㻹ʡʡɣ
ֱش죬СΪԼͻƵ˰벽ۣͿԳưһˣѵʥûи벽۵ľ֮Ҳǿ֣֮
һոͻư벽۾ˣԶԶȲʥȴԲİ벽ʥʥǿߣЩİ벽ᲢۣȻҲֻܵǰ£һ˳ɵۣôۣǾܹӳʵ벽ۣȴǰ벽ۣ
ҲʥڶΪʵһȴҪԴǣܼ򵥣һպܹͻصĽɵ۵Ļ˾ܹӳҪͬһһ㣬αڴʱˡ
ٺ٣Ȼԣܲܽնʸ˫˵Ҫǰնɱأʧȥ˸ղŵţȡ֮һɥĲЦݣһε£̫ѹˣһжǷֻнƸնɱˣеħϲܹ


2113 
̫ˣؿһۣ󲿷ʱעڻʸ˫ϡŻʸ˫һʧģĪرˡ
ڷƵߣʸ˫˶ûκɫ仯һľȻ飬ƺûķƵĳ֡
͸ɴƿؿ᲼ӣ΢΢üȻܹʱĻʸ˫ѾǱסȫΪˣͨ˲һҲԼԸġ
ңƵѾͦĶӣɫǱøӣغһΣҪѻʸ˫ߣ
ע⵽Ƶ仯ЦûУ滳ľ֣ģˣһúõؽˣΪ΢ˣ
죬ŭһ˲˸һѾǳǰ췣֮ͬϿ£ҪһУ
ڷƵϮ΢΢һЦΪĵķԲ׿ռ䶼Ǽ΢΢رŤһ̷Ƶ췣ֱ֮ӵش壬ȴûаá
ƣûеֶΣһ˵ܹԸôӰʧԭأһ֮˲شǹڵϵĻʸ˫ԶԶ˺
ʱʥ˸һǰһطס˷Ƶ·˽ſµϢضŷơ
΢˫ʥ°ܽȻûбڣּĲһΪֶĶ࣬ȵʥǿ˲ֹٱԲܴ⡣
λ䣬˳ܣֻҪܹ׽סܹ֪˳ܣ
ȵͼΧЩǿߵע⣬Ҳǳ֣κλƣ
δ̫˰ɣȻô۸һ˵ȥҲЦʱסˣȻˣһôǿϳ֣³ֻһǻر
ʲô˼
վҲŭһÿζһĲ֣ȻһҲ÷ѣһȷô
Ϊѣûʲôҿɲ㣬˳ûġ𵭵һЦ仰˼ͬ˱һҪֵ֣ĻôԺˣȻҲŲܡ
£пݱΪͷս
Ƹмؿһ𣬲ȴû̫ĵǣϾﻹһƣ˵ֻҪǸ¶Լѵ۸ˣҲҶ˵ʲô
ϻ˵𣬰ѻʸ˫Ƴȵ۵˾ֻҪѻʸ˫ߡ
ʸ˫ҵ۵ĸӣȻҪߣĺڣĪǲҵ۷ô
ʥƳһֱۣӵվ˵µƸߵռԷƽУǵһʹ÷Ȱһ˳׵ĨڣжаͶаȻǵվڵһ֣߳ȥͺΪά£òֵӣҲΪαõúܶ˶äĿŴӵۣ
ҪҿԳȫ㣡Щ˶ϻֱӵؿ粽͵رһâǼ䣬µƻ֮ʮɽ
ʥ΢΢˺һԼǰϧ֮£ôùȥˣ֪Լôκΰ취Ըơ
㣡
ȻʱӰٶȳվ˵ʥǰŷƣ¶ЦݣҪԴܷƣȻһӵħ϶޷
죬˺㲻Ķ֡ʥҡҡͷȻ֪ʱ״̬ͲǷƵĶ֣ǿгֵĻֻȡ
ǣҲɱһӶӰ֮£Цݱ鲼ӣͬҪɱңҲôף
ʥҪȰ裬Ȼȴǿڣ죬һսɣǲ֣
ԣʯ̨֮ϵǿߣǷԼ쳣ؾ㵣쵽ʲôʵԼ֣
źҲɭһЦһŷԣнԹ޵ɫҪɱ˷ƣ
̬ƲƲ죬һҡҡͷֻѣΪԼ޷նɱô
ȻҪҾͳȫ㣡


2114 Ͳ
컺̯˫֣һϢ֮Ϊĵ׿ռ䶼һŤ֮С
ȥ˺ܾãǹȥһ˲䣬ͻȻоΧһпʼת綼Ǳ췭ظ
һʩչһУ
΢΢ǣԼûмǴĻӦóĳ־кþ໤޴һ˲֪пŵˡ
ڷ˵ʵ㲻ʲôҲǲ죬ɶԷʩչ
Ϣ󣬷ƷԼڵĿռ޾ǿգǿԿԶǵ㣬һжͬʵһ㣬Լںǿ֮С
ŵҡͷ̾νǿգֻǻѣ޾ǳȻǳ棬վǸı䲻ˣǻ

ûκεسɣֱһ־ǿʱ֮䣬ԶǳǱΪ貵Ĺâͬ硣
Ӱ¶Ʈǿ֮Եޱȵظߴ󣬵ȴһ޵ĸо޷׽λá
֮ǳʼתŷƳ˹ȥÿһǳЯſµԶ
죬̫ˣΪͿԶԸôŭһδеЦΪԼΪ˰벽ۣܹԼô
Ǽ䣬ƵȫǱӿ޾âµ췣֮ûκζǴ߶췣֮â
췣֮Ϊµļƻ֮âֵһ˲䣬ԷΪĵķԲâ֮С
µЩǳر췣߽֮⣬޷ƵǰѾǱ
ôܣ쿴һĻɵʧ֪Ҳǰ벽ۣȴû뵽ƾȻǿᣬһӾƵľС
죬ٸɣ벽֮ҲǿҪΪԼǰ벽۾ͿЦһУҶ㻹һ㣡
Ƶͬһ㣬ϵǿ֮лصš
һ̣ƵζȻسһЩµ췣֮ϵƶ𽥵ؿ죬һʱ֮䣬˾޴ѹ
û뵽ƾȻǿᵽֵزͬǰ벽ۣΪôࣿ
ܣԲܣŭһҲǲһУʼȼԼΪΧ޾ǿ֮еǳϵӣԽԽǿ
ûõģһжͽ㣬Ҫɱ㣬練ƣŭһӭǳ
Ƭ̺һ쳹â֮дһӴǳس죡
췣֮ǳֲһ˷Ƶ˾׵췣֮󣬷˸µɱ䣬ŵںΪһ
ٶȷǳ죬Ǽǳǰݺݵض˺ҧ˹ȥ
ˣ˵췣֮ҲǼΪļɵ˵ˣҲǲϵغˣŶܣЩ췣֮մȾ½һΪ鷳顣
Ȼһ̣ڲϺ˵ʱͻȻһֲǰȥû˷ƵӰһ;Ҫתһӱȫë
㻹̫ˣƵ𣬻ûعֻñһ貵ɫâ֣ͬһ߳߳ݺݵضԼն¡

һҽУԭѾֳ췣֮γɵĳı˲䷢˹һ£ֱӵնֱۡ
ǣӦϵֱۣʱ˿ȴûѪǶϵֱ۵ڵϣȴǻɢ
ƽüͷѶܳȥ죬ֶԷֱ۾Ȼٶȳ֣Ҳǲɵһ㶣⵽ô£
ٺ٣Ծɣҵ磬ҾףֻҪ粻Ҿǲģɫ΢԰ףǸղһնֱٶƺûκӰ졣
ƳĬ϶⣬ǴտطҲڴ򱣳ֲ֮Υش飡

Ժ֮ͻȻôһʣжȻǻҲ˵ԼĲһģΪʩչ죬ΪʩߵһлƭԼ
ղһžǹ֮ûЧԭһжõģ


2115 ޾ǿ
ʩչľйأȻԼûиκ˺ӣ֪Ҳ޷ԼĹ
һιȥûκЧǷƸղһ̣׽ԷϢһ˲䣬Щ
Ȼ˵Լ֮ҾնΪֹ΢΢ʵҪķѵʱ䣬϶ܹƽ⣬Ƕڷ˵û̫ʱ䣬Ҫֱӵİ취ȥƵþ
뵽һ㣬Ҳ΢΢سζȻʩչֱֱµ췣֮˲䱬
һâᴩգֱӵر鲼޾ǿգ֮һ췣֮
ڷƵǿƣо㵲ѣԼĻžԵģϵػ˫ۣ޾ǳ֮ǿնͬһ㡣
һһž޴ǳԶ카ʯЯſµݺݵس龰ͬĩһ㽵١
ɫȻǰһƬ貵â޷ƵӰ޾ǿնûݻһһж֮С
߾
ָĳһռ䣬Ȼʮž޴ޱȵǳ£˲޴ըƵӰ¶
ûõģ޾ǿ֮УҾףЦָᵯƺĳӡݺݵصǰա
ɫ΢䣬ӿһĨһ̣Ǹܵһε徹ȻǲܿƵǰȥ
ֻǰָ֮ǿնȻر̮һεĺڶ𽥵سͣɢſµϵŷƵڶ
ŭһֱӵʩչçİ壬һ˫޴ĳ򲻶ϵţͼǿպڶ
ǿգµľδ֪ĺڶ˳㣬ĺڶ޾չᴩģһ룬ͻᱻŵҵ֮УҲزЦǵ۵߲ҲѧᣬʩչȻ鴫
ƳĬǿպڶԼʩչ췣֮ȴֹԼ岻ϵؿźڶȥ
ǿպڶƷԼûκε赲ҲǾһȥԼͬ˵ᱻ޾ǿС
ʱʩչռλǲʱˣ޾ǿԼʲô¶ע⣡
û취ˣֻƴһԣɫ𽥵ر仺޾ǿղǺܿ£ֻҪԼӦӡǣԼ벽۵ڼ̵ʱ䷵ء
ҪľǣҪ첻ע£ԼӡǾ㹻ˣ
뵽һ㣬ŭһǱ貵âǼϯƺƵͬһɫس졣
ɫ췣֮֮ռ価飬ȻûֹڶԼѾһЩҷ֮УҲ˲ֹһӡǣ

쿴ǳԼ췣֮ͷҲһӲⲻģƴˣʱƸӲǿպڶ֮޾ǿǳ£ԼαҪðգ
뵽˲Щµ췣֮ƺƵسֱӵشݻһƬռ䣬ҲǱһ̳һ
ƣ̫СңİɣһúõضԴŮ˻ĹģĿ¶֮ɫ˫ϵʩչӡӿǿպڶγɡ
ƳĬڶĿֲ޷⣬Ⲣ֮ݽԸԼѡ
죬ţҷ޾ǿգһҲܻŭ췣֮ͬһ㣬ϵس
ҵţбͻΪȴ֪췣֮֮һϸ΢ĵûռ֮ʧһȴûа㷢֡
ڣǿպڶ𽥵γɣûа㿹֮ͬһּµĿռֱ֮ӵر˺ڶ֮С

쿴ŷƵ屻ڶ֮УҲǷ˵ĿЦȻγɵĻڶʵӵ޾գʱ˶½ʧˣ
ʲô䣬Ҳ˲һѣվ޾ǿ֮УЦȻһɫǶȻرüΪѿ


2116 նɱ
޾ǿݻȻֱʱŷ֣ΧĿռ췣֮Щ췣֮γĳӡһ㣬գϸ֪
˶ǿҪñըˣȻ֪Щ췣֮ӡԷṩһãһԼǰ޾ǿգԷҲܹ˲طأ
Ƕ˵ҲղʩչĸûЧǰѷ˶Ǿ޾գǶԷʱпܷأ
˫޾ǿ֮е֮ǳʼ½رըЩըϵֱӵشݻЩ췣֮
Ҫڷƻûз֮ǰȵؽЩӡǾĨܹܹЩ췣֮ӡǷأ
ȻǹƬ̣ǶȻ̧ͷΧգʼһĲɫҲ΢䡣
䣡
һ죬ǿտʼ̮һֿµ˺˿ռ䣬
貵ɫâռ䣬ɫüΪѿ֪ƻˣ
죬ֶô̫һ㣡Ƿ쳹Ǽ䣬һѸٵӿֱ֣ӵس졣
ƳֵĵصǳؽӽȻϾӦǱӿ췣֮УһǺ޵ֿ֮»С
ۣ
쵱ͬߵķһ㣬ֱӵصһȻǸΪصĴˣͬһֱ۶췣֮֮£ֱӱ
һ̣Ƶ˶ǳǰȻвٵ˺ۣǶ˵ûж£Ͼ޾еĿռ֮ҲһЩ˺
죡㻹ʲôֶοʩչ
һǰ֮ͬħһ㣬ɢſǿϢ˫ĿâЦ
ۣ
ٶһѪ˵Ϣήղһ췣֮ǳԼ޷»Լֱӵش
ȻʱΧǿնȻؿʼŤγɴʱΪشʼ𽥵ر
˲䣬ֻǸоΧٶȲϵתƬ̺ٶȻص˵֮УʩչĻѾʽرƽ⣡
ৣ
ƶȻ˫ԼվԭûжҲ򣬿¸ղǵȻֻԼһּ֮У˴ڵûκα仯
ۣ
Ҳͬһʱ˫ɫȴǼٵرò԰ֽһѪ³ղڻ֮һЩ޷ġ
һĻΧĲ˽ǷȻǾһս˵п˲Ƕһֱ֣ǲ֪ʲô顣
ռϷ硣ʥȻǾôֱӵܣ΢΢һ£ҲǶԱߵϸ
ʩչ˵۵ȻôƾܹƽҲΪ⡣˵ͷҲһĨ졣
˫һ˲䣬ڵϢҲѸٵؼһһֱѸٵ۳һµâָ죬ɫ
㡭ҪʲôˣƵǿ󣬳ϣȻû뵽ƻţҪڵĿ֮£ҪԼ֡
˵ҪʲôЦ̫ɶˣȻûʸ˫ͶĹҪЮۣʸ˫ǰŶԹޣǻĹ⣬;Բ۸ͷϣ
ǵۣ쾪ֵصţȻͬǰ벽۾磬ǰ벽֮Ҳǿ֣֮ͬڣҪɱ׾֮£
Це췣֮ϵۣƺʱҪͷϡ
ڰ벽˵ҪԷɱȽѣΪ벽۾һ㶼֮ԼӡǣǶԷǿᵽĥӡǣܹǳ׵شݻ
˵ǱȽѣ췣֮ķ˵Ҳɲ飬̤췣֮ϵӿ֣һĻ˵ɫǲ԰ס
ţ㵱ʲôطˣ˷ʱ̲סվˣܲؿ챻նɱҲһգôǰ벽۵ľ磬ô͸Ǹʦһ˲һء
΢΢̧ͷǳҡͷЦһӰȻʧԭأ


2117 
ң
ڷʧһ˲䣬͵ʥǶȻŭ˵嶼˸Ҫǰֱӵնɱ죡
÷Ƶ֣Ĳ˵۵Ҳͻˣ仹ڸողǵ۵һιûͱնɱñЦ¡
ʥҪ֣Ȼҡҡͷûеֵʱ򣬶Ҳŷܹ
Ȼ͵ʥǶҪȻƵٶȱǸ죬һ˲䣬˱ǳǰ
췣֮۳ɳɢſµƽĲ΢΢ҵŮ˶Ҵע⣬ҲܹԼˣ
㲻ɱң
ž֣ǲǲ붯Ƕˣվϣͬһɽ㣬ѹѾܶٶҲûзƿ죡
ʱģˣ
ʥ֣ͫ׽һĨɱ췣֮۶ɵĳֱӵػĲʱѪӿʬ׷ּңͷ­߸ߵطɳܹǳֵ˫ĿƺΪʡ
һĻ˲ɵһƾȻĵ˵ǰֱӶֵذնɱˣ
һ£µĻݣõһιڵ۱նɱԺǧ꣬ҲֻǳΪ˵ĿеЦ
ʬ̱ϣһ̲Ѫϵʱʱһ΢Ĺâͷʬ꣬һ궼ݻ٣ôҲû˾ȵ
ʦ𣬾ң
쾪ֵؽ״̬Ҷţһ뿪ֱӵس˵ʥڵķȻʱʥѾ٣һŭصŷƣ
ƣ̫ˣ
ɱҵ۴ˣվ޷Ȼ뿪ۣ
˽ɱ죬ʱѾǳ嵽˵ʥĸɵİ࣬Ͼ͵ʥ໤ǷٷҲ
ȻҲ˵ͷƵĺ̶Զڵˣ̧ͷ͵ʥɨӶȫ޾⡣
˵Ҫ͵
¶һĨɭȻЦݣֱӵƣµ췣֮һӱǶȻۣӶٶȼΪѸ٣һ˲Χǳſµâ
͵ʥҲһĨɵʥʲôɫȻת䣬ŭȵôȵĻ
ЦĿ֮£Щµ췣֮Ǿس˵ʥԭܼ򵥣Ҫ궼Ҫ𣬳׵ʱʧ
弱ٵ˺Щ췣֮ҲʮֵؼɵȻʥûôֱӵر췣֮סش߶ȫֿԱ㻤סеꡣ
ʦ𡭡ҡ
ΧѾǰΧ췣֮겻ϵţ־ٶȳ꣬ǱЩ췣֮УºļΪҲ
ȻʥŭҪƴش߶뿪Ƿ׼⣬ƺݺݵһգһֱʥڵķ
һʥ궼ŶˣǺǶôؿ£Լһβϡ
ҲǹܲİΣֱӵس뿪Ϊ֪ƵĿ꣬

췢һҽʥȥҲʹҪЩµ췣֮
ʦʦ
Ĳϣǵʥ˿ֱͣӵ˸Ƭ̣ǳ׵׷֮ɢ
һĻķ˶ǾˣһΪƵֶκ̶ȳǵ󣬶û뵽ƾȻܹݴ˵е췣֮
ֱǷ˼飬Щǿߣһȴûмͬµģһ췣֮˭ܹ⣿
ּǿߣ췣֮ɵɴ˿ܹ췣֮ǿֲ
ƴ곹׵ɢ֮һĨɭȻؽǶȣǴ۵³ҲҪɢ
һУƻߵԶĻʸ˫ǰŴʱʧĻʸ˫Ǹӣ˻ʸ˫͹Ķӣ̾ߣ
֣˼򵥣ȴǾˣʧĻʸ˫


2118 ǿ
ʸ˫㶵̧ͷǰֵķƣһ޷ŵĸоĳˡ
Īرøӣʸ˫֪˵ʲôӵĪɫһֿܣ̵صΪʲôҪߣ
ԭΪʸ˫Ӧû뵽̬ȻչƽȭͷŻʸ˫˫۵ϻߣ
ҲҪκ˵ʸ˫ɫįûаѷ˵Ļϡ
ƿŻʸ˫ģиǱ겻ѣԼðΣۣõȴôһ仰
㵱ҲãʲôҲã֮Ĺҵģߣɫࡣ
ʸ˫ԣ¶ȻЦݣѾ͹ĶӣƬ̺Ǽص⺢Ӹûκιϵ߰ɣ
㡭Ӳŭʸ˫Ҳ̫ʶȤˣȻʱ򣬻ô˵
ʱѾǷӦ˹ֱӵ˸ƵĲԶһӲɱ⣬˫ŷƣصһƣҵ۵һιնɱͼȾָӣΪʲô𣿡
ƴʱͲѣһͬȼеĻҩһ㣬һĲˬ
Ҫ϶ԼµĵûܺüҲˣǿжȡҵŮˣǵҪӣҵ⣡
ֱӵָıӿ϶ǰ϶ģ仰ǰ˵ƿҷ˵Ҳʵһʱ֪֮η
ʱ̨һЩ֪÷ŭ֮ҲһǸղŶԷƵľٶ͸е˲⣬ôһ˵ʱ׹ˡ
ԭǵ˰
˵ǲģ۾ȻҲǿŮ
˵İû𶼲ôȻǴʹ˵
û뵽۾ȻҲֲ֮ˣ˼ҴŶҲŹ
һʱ֮䣬۴˿͵ʥҪһѪô̶̼仰Ҫѵ۵ٵˡ
ڲԶʥһۣԼͬؽ¶Ц⣬ǿǷǳ⿴۵˳ԿǼΪѵõ¡
Сӵǲ˰ʥǹЦݵʱҲǲôķ˶ȣ¶һϷɫ
һοƺҲϴˡ𵭵Ц
űĵ𣬲мصҲôһɫ֮ΣʲôӢۣҲһȺСˣ
ס죡ɫͨ죬ָŷŭ÷ô˵ȥµ۵㲻Ҳһǧɡ
ô˵Ҫô΢΢˫ָŻʸ˫ҶðҵŮ˴ߣб¿£
ʸ˫ɫӵĿǰķƣ˵ʵܹʱվðյ֮¾ֱӵؽҲնɱˣ£ûһŮ᲻м֮ʮ־ᣬΪԼǺ޷ƻǺ޷ƣ
ûзƵնԼһ£ȻҲŽ£˵ԼҲǽ˰벽磬˵ز
ÿСӣĪΪնôŭתڶԼۣŭλ䣬ѾǱ׽סܹ֪ܣǻڵʲô
ʯ̨֮ϵǿһӳĬǶŷƣ˵ʼŷƵͺҰ޶һ㡣
ৣ
ڰ಻סеջվˣƽ˷ƣŵһȻҲŵڶܿ죬½ϵǿվŷ˹ȥ
һĻжȻһüͷ壬Щǿ߿ǲֻͬɫ˵ɱɱˣЩֵÿһΪޱȣȻҶǰ벽۵һЩǴۣ
½Ȼͬһ㣬ǿֻƽʱǶں쳾䲻¶ѣһξȻȫǳˣ
СӣҿܣӣЩǿ½վŷγ˰ΧȦطסһƬռ䣬ƾͨٴҲȻûѵĻᣡ
ƳĬ΢УɨΧĲϳֵǿߣسأЩǶԼ֣Լ϶ûлֵء
Ǹô죿
ӲȻУôǿסԼܹӲȥϻûʵ취ӲܣһȻԼʩչռλȡ


2119 
ЩվǳĬȵϢϵתţÿһ˵Ϣƺͬʲôӡһ㡣
üͷɨӹÿһλǿߵϣ˵ɵһ㶣ҲЩǿ߿¶ǳ˲֪õģΪҲȻ޷ôá
һЩеİ취Լϻٶȣֶű׶ˣʹõĴܶ࣬ӡԼһ֣ͻƵӡٶʩչֶͬεĻЧͻۿۡ
ʦ棬ʱǻôʥصصɨӶŶʮλվһԴݻ½һУ
˷лʲôôһҶֵĿ¾ûмˣҵ뿴ڿǿֻ֮һʲô顣ҡҡͷڷƵĴǺܵġ
ʦ棬һƾʲôȻôͷʥ۾һĨɻ󣬷еһѰûжΪܹЩǿɵֵͷûС
֪ˣƹ﷣ɱǣٺ١ٺһЦһصı飬͸¶ʲô
ˣʥֻǷ׷ʣעŷƴʱ״ϾʮλǿΧˣֱŵûɢ˰ɡ
Ҳˣ˵˵붯ǿô΢˫ɫûκλţ֮ǰѾԤϵõ
ƣƱʲôɱˣΪ½ƽѣԤ֮е䣡ٺһЦҲЦһηܹȥôõҲǲûˡ
Ԥԣ䣿
ЦɨӹΧЩǿߣһĨмһȺαļһΪѣҪ־ֱ˵뻹ҪԼôһñӣҪƷ
СӣĪҪ̫񣡡
ʱһĿ˳л˶ɢһǿȻһ
ڵϢûб¶ϾǵϢֶʩչĴǶˣͻ𽥵ʧЧûһλǿԸ֡
ʱ粽עŷƣĮȻصʩչЩˣһξԲóѣ
ԣԸ˵أȫʬ
־͸ɣη
һʱ֮䣬вϵЩ׷ױƽ̬Ϊ׺ݣƴʱһƶ⡣
Ը
ЦЩˣû˿ؿ־壬Լڵ췣֮˲۶ƽһ߳ɫ۵âϵԳ֮ת
λڤ粻ˣһְɣɱȻʩչѻ꣡ҳ鳤ܣЦͬ˷Ƶ³ֱӵ˽
䣡
̲סˣ⿪ķӡһռ˰߲񷣬ʮɽ𶯡
ۣ
·ϳ˴ˣϾЩ½ĵһǿߣȻŲ¼ȥ
䣡
һϢʮ𶯣ͬ·ӰڷƵϷ߰ظŷƣ˲񷡣
䣬Ƕ֣
һ˶Ǹоؿƣ˫ɼ˵Ŀ֮

һ𣬴˵ҲǺ֮
ôܣ˵ż֮ô
ôܣǵȼǿߣȻֶ
䣡
Ƭ֮½Ÿǿ߽⿪˷ӡһʱ֮䣬½ͬһ㣬ڶǿ߽⿪ӡָΪƬضΪ֮
´ۣ

ԽԽǿ߽⿪ӡǵҲ𽥵ر˽Щ¼Ϊһǿߣ
ɫޱ仯ٶǿ߽⿪ӡҲǺãǿϸĹ۲죬ǿԿƵ΢΢
ûٶǹģǵЩȫؽ⿪ӡʱó»Щ˵òʧ
Ҫ֪ȻߴۣվҲֻܷӳ벽۵ӳϵķӡһ⿪һҪάͬЧˡ
һʮλǿ߾ؽ⿪ӡض˲ǿϢһǾֵعʮͬ·ǿӰڰУһ޾ķơ


2120 ƳȺ۾
ǿƣɫ䣬ǱԹ۵ɫǶԷ纣Ҳҡ
ĵĻᶼûУ粽Яɱ⡣
ЦɨӶ˶Ѿؽ⿪˸ԵķӡҲȻص½ǵԸ
Сӣ˵ôǿߣòһô𲻻ؿŷƣ΢΢һηǳ׵Եǰ
Ȼˣ￴ֻҪˣͱһжҪҪ
ҡҡͷЦʱѾֲϵؿ̻صķģһƬռ䶼ǳ׵طסͬܵ˿ƣҪٶȽƣȻõ֣
Щ˶׼Ѿ֣ɺ޾ɫӻ׼ͳƣ׼Щ˶һϲ
Сթ𿴼ƵĶɫҲ΢䣬ڷƵֶΣǼʶһǵȦס
ôţҪͶˡ΢΢һЦ׳һȻƣڷƵǰ۵ӡ
𿴼ƾȻֻͳһöƣ˲һۣ͹ЦһΪʲôֶΣһöƣĪľƣ
һģЦˣҲЦˣ߸һĨЦݣ¶ڴɫ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬֪ĺɫɵƣһޣʱ渡ֳЩɫâһ̣һɲɣϢȻؽ٣񷣬·֮ǰ
⡭ǡ
Ϥ
һʱ֮䣬ڶǿҲ㶵ؿŷǰǲĺɫƣɫ˾ɣƵеϤȴһʱ֮ǲ˭ġ
ƶƣںĳǿߣ
ͻȻ˾ϳһöƵܶǿߵ嶼һɫüΪѿһЩԶļ𽥵ظǵԺ֮С
½֮ʣķһ½ַո֮Уǽǿߣ
ǻһˣδ½ʷֹĳǿߣǾƶ
ΪȻһ磬֮ȾͲһȼҴϲŭ޳ں֮󣬱ɽ֣û֪ټ
ʱȴִƶƳ֣˵ƶŷйӴǰи˼ԡ
ʱҲסˣͻȻֵı仯һʱ֮ûа취ܣΪʲôƻƶƣ
ƶ𣬵Լֱ˵ۺԺ֮ƶǳֹһ仰
˭ƻ½Ȼȡ֮
һ仰֮⣬˶ǲ֪ʱִƶ˵ˣƶҪסƣ
ĵҲҶԷ֣˲֪ƶĿ֮ǼʶȻͬΪ𾳣Լ˶ȻƶĶ֡
㡭ôܻƶƣʧؿһöƣǲ˼ʧ
üͷ΢壬ƶԺ֮ͻȻһߵӰĪǶԷһ
ϳƵԲŸҸԼƱ˵ֻҪƳ˭Ҷ֣Կ٣ƶ𾿾ǺˣȻ˾֡
ôǻҪҳ֣ƵҲǴϻ֮ˣýƣȻ֪ƶͷСҲ˭Щǿ߶Ƥ˺񣬾ȻʮԸ
һĬƶƣ˭Υ棡һʱ֮䣬ûһ˸վ̬ӣ֪δ
ڲԶһĻ¶ʹЦݣԱһ飬иеޱȵʹ죬ֻɲࡣ
ʦƶ𾿾ʲôΪʲôǺ񶼺ܿ־壿
ʥʱ̲סˣʵЩۣһһ¶ͬ˹һ飬ûһ˶֣ҲˣеĺԽԽʢ
ƶ𰡣һȺĴڣ˵ͬΪ𣬵ҪɱȣҲܹ˵ܲôЦеص


2121 ƶ־
һ˶ǳĬˣǺǱƶźһء
أٳ½֮䣬ź𲢼ƶȴƶ񲻶
Ҳǲòͷ𾳣ҲǷŵȡ
ɫòƵһִһңǻˣǲмһˣƶƳ֣֪ܵô
ǰƶ˿ں
ôһǻҪôЦƶҲһ̾Ȼɣȴû뵽ͷǿҲǼɵֻһƶѣͿ˶֣ͣһ˻
ڷУֻһ򵥵ƣоͲһˣˣʮֵƶȻֻһƣȴǴƶ־
ƶѾܾã˵ʷϳֹĴһҲܹùڣƳƶ½˭Υ棿
ɫüΪڲɷǷƶйϵڷʧİ棬ͬǿ߶һֱѰĴڣɺ޽
ѵƶ
аϸһ룬ҡҡͷƶ˷ƣǲ֪ƵʵݣںµԤԣû˱ƶ˽
Ԥ֮е֣½һսƵ½»ع硣
ƶ˵κƻ½ԶԤ֮е䣬ǱҪҪɱƣôƽ
һ벻׵£иģĪǷ֮ҵƶƣȻԺ˺ϻô
뵽һ㣬۽Ƴһ𣬷ֺһЦ⣬ȻǶ֪è塣
Ҳѹ𣬱Ͼƶһγ֣Ѿǹȥ˺ܳʱ䣬˵½ûѰҵõǵ٣һ⣬Ҳǲ˵
£ɫ΢΢ڲɣûкƶӴеĻͱüˣûеĻԼó£ֱӵѹƣ
ʱ򣬾Ҫ֣Ҳ˿ַĶ󣬾Ȼðƶ
뵽һ㣬ɫҲ΢΢࣬ЦݣԽǿ϶˷ƲǼƶ𣬿϶˺ϻͼƶͷɻء
ߣΪͿɻô̫ˣ¶ЦŷƣȻԷΪԼͲҶˣԼƫƫҪ
ȴ֪Լ
Ȼðƶ־ﲻˡǰˣպƶθһ
ֱӵָеƲðģôһ˵Щǿ߷׷һ㶣ݵһ
ƾԲǼٵģǵȿµڶǿԶӡеһ´ڣôĥ˵ˣٵҲðƶͷҡаɡ
һɵһ£ҲҡͷЦ𰡡һӾǰ̫
ʦ棬ΪǼٵģʥһɫŹֵصȻͬƶǿЩǿ߷׷Ǳɫ֪ƶһͷСĴڡ
ûûв´Ļڿ»ΪҺͷƺϻһƶƣԱɻأҶ֪˵ͷ˻޴㣡ҡͷЦ
ʥƿʧЦȫڸԼڿӣҪ֪еһƣǻʵĴƶùģȻǼٵģ
Ϊó֮¾ܹʱĻû뵽Ȼôаȥе鷳ˡأ˵΢΢ǰ㣬¶˳˼Цݡ
Ҫôʥһµ
Ҫʱ̣϶Ҫ֣ڸӺôͻȻ¶һζЦݣķչǵ󣬵ҲøȤˡ
ƶôͻȻôһͷ


2122 Υ־
Ϊ㵵ؿƺе㲻ԼĶ䣬Ϊˣ¶ŹֵɫŶԷѵ˲ɣ
λİɣƶʲôˣشҲǷǳԤ֮е䣬½ջƶǰƽԼ뷨
Ҫ˵ˣһֱ֣ӵѹƣ˿ĻᶼԸ
ڶǿߣ㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˸Ҷ֣Ͼƶͷ̫һʱ֮䣬û˸Υ־
㻰ô˵Ƶȷƶһٲˡʱһλâ֮еǿ̤һ۷Ƴ֮͸¶һֽǡ
Σƶǲܰƽ˵ģ˵һ˵˵ƶͷЩ£ĿľǰĿǰЦЦ͵ʮȥˣƶֵĴж٣ÿһζ٣ʱԼƽˡ
ôһ˵ڶǿҲ˳˼֮У˵ͬҲǲ٣ƶѾܾûˣǰȴûһöƾʹ֡
˼˵˵żȻõȻһλʹöѣ
ô˵ʥҡͷЦֻȰ׳ջҪ׳գ½˭ðƶͷǿǻòͷ˲Żô
ǿûվ˵ף֮£ԺվκǾͳô
ǸʼһЩĻҲǶҡ˵һҲûе
׽סĴƶ־ôƱȻǻŷӦǣôǾɱȡ飡
ɫصƵҲǳԹޣһöƣԶرӵˡ
һ֮ЩΧסƵǿ߿ʼ˽Ͼһ¿ȥ֪򵥣ƶģôԼ˶֣񲻾Υƶ־ô
ȻҪðգȻ˵ĺܶҲвʼҡˣһ˿Цҡҡͷ˵һҲ룬ǣƶ£ҵȿԲֵġ
ò˵棬ȽͨǿߣΪһͻðգҪ֪һˣɲĳλѰ𣬶һλسǿߣ׵ǵ
˿ʼʾⲻε飬½Ҳҡͷ̾ʾ˳ȻҪҲҪȵԼǸȥܲſԡ
ȻѾǽ⿪ķӡϢ¶ٴʩչӡЧҲؼҲȵƶҪࡣ
ԭԼĪŶʮǿΧƣʱһη粨½½ֻʣԼĪʮҵǿվա
Щǿߴ󲿷ǰѾǺ𹴴һ𣬻һЩԪѵٶȷӡҲǼǧЩǿõ飬ôǧֻܻһƴˡ
ƴľ˵˵ⷬʵƲƶ־٣Ƿ˹ʺˣ֪ҵĶѡ
˳һǽӽһ㣬ɫаƹȻƻô򵥵һ֣Ͱһ˶Ǹˡ
ȴû˿ĵģڣԼĪʮĳǿߴڣԸһ׿׿ࡣ
ûӵļһһҲɲ¡ɨӹЩѾ˳ǿߣҲǲмɫǵֱŷơ
Ȼðƶ𣬽˭ˣ㶼
ЦʮλǿҲӵ˵ͷһϵϢһϯ죡
ؿһۣҲһѾһǿ֪ѶˣȻãҲˡ
ȲǣΥƶ־պƶ׷ҵģ΢΢һЦֱͦ壬ܷһпռڶǿߡ
ߣ㲻ðƶ־ƶ࣡ȵ϶ȻرһǿҵĹâ˱ͬһգ޷ֱӡ
ҪɱңҲô򵥵ģҪ֣ҲǷſޱؽԼϢͷŶ֮⡣
ʱ֮䣬ʧɫʮɽձ


2123 Ƶĳɳ
ŭ˵ƶǱöȻߣһ̣ЩǿһۣҲˣÿ˵϶ſµĲ
ռѾǾطԷҪռλܣǲûа취ˡ
ս
ƽѹųһֱӵ³γһŭʮɽ˲
սȼգ˵սһ߶ƵƱøӵͬһѼʵҪ춼Ҫͱƣ
ۿŷڲϵ˵󣬵ɫҲ΢䣬ƵΪǵõ˲ٵĽţǱȸոճΪ벽ǻӵǿᣡ
һΣȵԼóֶΣķƽӵؿ£
ûκεسɣֱӵس֣˶ǻһâݺݵŷƳȥ֮ռ䶼ǳܲͷŵѹٱٵļ
ֵĿ³̶ȣ˵Ƿ绪Ĵۣ콾׼ǿߣܹӳģֻа벽۵
Ǽ䣬طƱɫһֵĻʮλǿߣЩǿλۣλɱ⾪˵ӿ纣һس֡
Ƽˣûκξɫż»֮â˲ӿγһͷ
ϵڿŤӴֱӵرǽ˶ǰ棬ղϵӳһһεֱӵ˿ռ䡣
䣡
ٶ죬ֲѹֶ£ƶȻ̧ͷͬʱϵҲ͵ֱӳ˺ҧ˷ơ
Ҫջɢֻȭ
ŭֱӵʩչ˵۵ֻȭǼ䣬ȭͷڿһӰǶһ˲䣬ǧٵӰ
£ЩȭͷƲӰ͵һÿһӰǻһʵӰͬһλλӵпսĴڡ
ǧٵӰس
䡭
һľ촫۵彨Ϊŵ۱ػûжĵʧԶʮɽͲһǧɽһ̾˵ײ֮£ֱӵر
һĻ˽һ½ĶȻô£ʵ̫ˣȻҲˡ
췣ֻ֮ȭײһԶԶˣҲû뵽ô˵
֮йâ貣˵ϵӣǧٵӰϵسŵĹâͬһհҫʮɽ
˶̧ͷһεĽ棬˭ռϷ磬ͬǷƣǾ֤ŷƽԵۻһ˿ᣬһ·磬ôʮλǿ߹пֱӵرش
Ƭ֮ǿʧǧٵӰҲ𽥵رȻ࣬ɲϵشȻ׷ֱһν棬ʤ
Ϊʩչֻȭƣܵɣ˺ڵѪϵطӿɫһĨ졣
غһǽĿڵųȥȻһ˿Ѫǲ¡
ǶڵʲôְɣҾͲĲˣΧʮλǿߣղ׼õĹȴٳû£Ϊ֣ǶѾͣ¡
Ըһ󱲣ַӡΧĿռ䣬ӣǾＫΪô֮ÿһˣһǿߣһҲҪ֣
ΪǿߵĽǿĳ֣ǾԼٴ֣ǰѷһ󱲿̫ˣ
һλλۣ֣Ҳ̫ˣԭΪƾǰ벽ۣǴʱܹӳͬһ磬ʵȻѹƣѹӦòж⡣
ղŵĽ֣ǲʶƲ˵ֻǰ벽ۣͬ£ѷһ
ƿصһ췣֮õڶǿ߸еɵĴڣûԸӲ췣֮
Сӽܴ󰡡һĻҲǲɵòصǵ˫ϵرâ´ŷơ
ǵģҪѹҲˡʥҡҡͷЦɫһƬƽû˿Ķʼɻʲô
˵ǷԤ֮гɵ۵һˣͻȻ֮䣬𻺻صɫҲǸһĨŹֵЦݡ


2124 µ־
ʥ΢΢һ㶣ĻҲ˳˼֮Уڷûг֣ӦǷƻû¶ǿʵʱǵʥΪ½ܹʥģҲΨ˶ѡ
ʱգƲʸɵ۵һˣ
ûзƳ֮ʣ½һΪ벽۵ľΨеʥʥˣЩصĺ쳾ǿߣΪҲڵȴ˳ɵۡ
ѾǱ˳ɵۣȻҲ֮£һΪرѹڰ벽۾
ŷ𽥵չ¶Ǿ˿ʣɥʧ䣬ʥ۷壬ٵ벽ۣǿƣñ뵽ƲܹΪ۵һˣ
пܡʥ˰죬ǻص
Ҳ赣ģ㣬ƻеʥǿһʱп̤˭ܹ̤һܹɵƵۣһʣµΨͷˣǵʥѾǵĲȣ޷аչЦһ£Լ²õķ
˭ɵۣҵûϵʥҲǳЦֻҪʥɵǾͼˣԺŲǳĽ飬ɵˣδضԺûкô
ûв²Ļһһ˳ɵۣĽпָܻԶʱĻԻͣâ˸ƺһ׳Ļǿ߱
ԶʱĻԻͣ˵ʥһ£뵽ʲôɫȻһӱþ
û۲еһػԻʱ𲢴˵Ҳ΢΢زǰ㣬ôػᷢ಻˼ı仯
ؽһƣԶŵĻԻͣһõȻҲпһѪսΪʱŲŵۣһһ䡣
䣡
һ޴ľ죬ʱʮɽɫ貵â׵֣ȴ۵ķΧе۱ػû֮ܵ⣬طһܵµͬ棡
ʮλǿ֣߳˿ֲȫ˷Ƶϣ
貵âϵس֣ҫ񷣬ԴԴϵش𶯾֯һγ˼ƻ췣֮
ƴʱǺȻкǿҵս⣬ʮλǿߵֳֵܵ
ӺοԱ߻һλ
ʮλǿߵĹ£ƿ£췣֮ʱ赲ס˺ܴ󲿷ֵĹѾˡ
Ҳֻ췣֮ϵڶ֮Уͼһһƽ⣬ܹӵóڶǿߵ뷨
䣡
ûκεسɣʮλǿһۣٴη˵ڶֹֿµͷų貵ĹâЯſֲݺݵ£
ղٵѹΪϾʮλǿߵֶԸѹˡ
û·ֻŵһǻȼս⣬ɱƬ̣ȾѪһͷɫĳҵɢͬħ
꣡
ʮλǿߵֺϻ˷ƵܲסĳֱӵصɳȥڵĹǱӲϡ
ɭɫĹͷ¶˳˺ۣȾѪۣΧ˸âѾȻر췣֮γɣҲ޷ʮλǿߵϹ
ҪôʥһĻ֪Ҳǵ˼£Ҳǽȭͷٲ֣·Ƶ³òȥ
ûб̬˫΢СԺ֮˼ŵﲻԣƶԭΪ˼ɵ͹ҪɱƵľģ
׼֡ɫ΢΢رأһҪ۳ַҲҪסƣ
£Щѡ˸ԺڶǿһۣҲΪΣջûܹ⣬һε¼У޷
ţȵȣ
Ƭ֮ͻȻɫ΢䣬͵̧ͷ˫ضŷڵλãƺǾȡ
ôʥΪؿһ𣬵ʱ򶼻֣ƸŲ˶á
²ǳˣƶ־Υ棿
¿ϣ¶ɵЦݣƶҲԤϵһɣȻҲһ֡
ˣ
һ̣һص˲ӿ֣ڳ˶Ǹоһǲ˼˷ڵķ򣬲Ӧ˷ǰƶơ


2125 ƶ־
һ̣һּΪ϶µʮɽǿߵɫһ˲ؾ䣬
ΪȻƶģʲôڳǿ߶в
ڷǰĺɫƲϵĹͬԽʱĳӣֱӵؽڵ֣
飡
ƶһ˲ֱӵƵƬɽڷƵķԲʮγһ֣һй
䣡
ʱʮλǿߵĹ£ЩµĹǿڷƵϣܹ׵ѹźɫâķֳ֣ȴһжıˡ
Щ˺ɫ֣ȴֻЩ޷Ʒ֣شƣ
⵽ô£
ģǺɫ־Ȼ赲ʮλǿߵĹ
䵽ʲôȻ˿£
һʱ֮䣬ҲŲ֪˿ʼ۷׷ףϾֳһж̫ˣʮλǿ棬λλۣȷ޷ɫ֣
ǣڳڶǿȴɫüΪѿȻ֪ƶ־
ɫ࣬ȭͷǰ֮ĵȷƶȻ֣ҲȻ޷ƺɫ֡
⵽ô£㲻˵ƲƶôΪλᱬ˺˵һλɫͶϡ
ԣּ˵̺ƶ־Ƶ飬˵ƶѾ֪£˵ʱ֣
ʱ֮£ʮλǿ߽Ļ̻̣ϾпѾǴŭƶһȴƶĽ٣Լ˳Բ˶ߣ
ɫ𽥵رһɫķֳĬȻͬΪ𣬵޷ƶ
ѵҪһδӳȥô
Ȼһ㣬ΪģԺ֮зɿתҪѰҳ취Ƴ׵ػɱ
ʱ˶ǽעϣȴľ񣬲ֵʮλǿ߲ӿʼְûڵɫϾĵƶ
ɫΪɣʱߣҲһ¶ȤɫƺҪҪξ
˶עͬʱȷû͸ɫķƵʱķȫǴˣϾʮλǿֵɲǿЦģܹסѾǳ˵ϡ
ƿΧĺɫֳ֣Ҳһ㶣ҲǸܵõȻԼڤ֮ɭĲ
ЩΪµػ˺ɫϣȴûð㶯ҡҲһݵ˵ûκΣա
󣬷Ƶɫ΢䣬Ϊɫ𽥵ؼּΪЩģΪʱƶ
Ҳ˵һɫ֣Ȼ޵УڶǿߵһҲͬƣٶȥʱһɫ־ͻ᳹׵ɢ
ðʱһ˷˺ɫּ󣬿ٳ֣赲˶á
ɫʱûκκε·ֻӲȥûв´ĻʱԺҲ֣Լδز뿪
뵽һ㣬ƵķǰΣ춼Ҫʸ˫ȫߣҲ޷Լ
£ƱڿУʼϢڵϢػָƣսԶԶûн
棬ȻȻز׽˺ɫƺڼҲǾ̧ͷעһȷ˺ɫֵȷ
ٶȻȴǼΪԼлᣡ
գɫֹһĨΣƶһҪƶû٣Լƶ֮ǰնɱºƶΪԤеô
ƻŻпܣһΪˣƶԲΪһ˶֣
λΣѵǲӶôɫ΢΢ɨӶʮλߡЩ˵ĳɡ
ƶ𼴽٣Ҳ֣һλɫرʾԼ˳±ԶսȦҲˣ֮С
ʥһۣҲǵ˵ͷʱҲǳˣ
Ժһ˽վһʱ֮ٶȱù
Ȼڴʱʮɽȴǲ֪ʱһɫӰѸǰУֱ۶


2126 
ֵزǻԥʲô
ŭʣµЩˣֺɸֵŭЩڹؼʱ̵ӣۿǺɫѾǼ࣬ԼֻҪٶһΣԿشƣ
ǣʣ˻ϾðŵƶķգһΥƶ־˵ǲҲҪһЩѵ
ˣһȺС
ӸһĨȻЩ˲ϳ֣ԼһˣƸղѾڶǿشʱںɫ棬ŴϢĻᣬҲ޷Լ⣡
ƴˣ˴ƶٺͣ
һλҲ¶˾ģվһ𣬱ϾһǶǽ⿪ӡûа棬Կǡ
λ¶˾ģһۣҡͷ̾Ϣ𽥼ᶨڵϢٶ
Ȼʱһվ˳˶š
Ⱦٶʲô˼ȳ֣еƢҲ̲סˣÿһζǸͷйأ
һǣһҲǣѹŭޱȡ
ڴˣȻһЦеͷȺݺݵڿУؿռڰϢϯһ̫ˣƶ־Υ棡
ʣûһ˸һӦվԱߵģۣ˶Ǻ˳ӡ⿪ֶС£ƶǲǲ˵Ĵ¡
ǲƶ־£𣬽£ĪҪ֣Ժ͵۵ս
鵽ֵزҲ˺Ƥϧв֪һֱΪɵľԺ͵۳׵ַ
ϧ֮еķӦһ㣬ɫֳһĨŹֵЦݣһ𣬵ΪԺ͵ۣܹô
ͬһ㣬ص˵ͷ֮У˵ľ㵷ӦԺԸǺ͵۷ҲҪסƣ
ңһ仰˵ĺ߲ܲ桭̺˼ɲǷ򵥡
ӸһĨ֮ɫķӦŲǿƣʵڲԺ磬Ȼ΢˼ҲףԴҪնɱƿʼѾվڵжԵ
ȻˣҲݵù飡
˻֣ʮɽͬףӽ𣬵ۺԺĲ
֮󣬲ϵǿԶ˸Щǵ۵ĵ̣ʥǿߡ
ҡҡͷЩ޶ã̾һ죬ջħˣۻ֮ǳư䡣
ô˵һ㶣ҲǷӦЦ֮Ҳϻô࣬ҵҪܲٴҵ¾·ƣ
ʥһˣԼûм۵ڶǿߣʱҲһͷųǿƣȻ֮вֵ£µҲݲ⣡
ǻڵʲôǳֶԸƣסԺһˣתЩǰԥǿŭȵڲҪǳֶԸƣǶԸԺ
˵ڶǿһֻۣҪֱӳֶԸƣôҲ޾壬۵һǾ֪ҲԺǿ߶֡
ʱһЩʮɽμӻˣҲǾֵؿʯ̨֮ŵ½ۺԺͷǲ棬ƽҪˣ
źɫ𽥵ؼеķѾǳ˵ǰֻſµ췣֮ϵҫڰѪϵͬһӿ鲼񷣬Ǿˡ
ۻһĻƤһʱӿԶԶس˵ƴʱݣôǿ߾ǻƻգߵȫһȼġ
ҲΪˣӿֵ̰ɫ𽥵ʢҪ֪ѾǴ˲֪£ֶΣڵʼջš
ӵзְôȻǿԼȥûǿ
ְɣ
𷢳˵ͳĺȵһ֣ĿǺڰķƣʱǿ߶һӱǿ
ҵҪܲɱӣ


2127 ħ
һ˲رƬض˲ֿµϵسʮɽͬһ籩
˺ݺݵײһɢµûκεض˵һ־Ϊµ
ʥҲǸԵѰ˶֣׼ȷ˵һεۺԺ֮ǿ࣬ҪرֵĻǵһʤһ
Ͼûж˵ֵ˳ջǿ˷ǰͬһǸһջ
أ
ŭһֱӵʩչŵʥһӵӦ֣Ϊ۵Ĵ󲿷ִжǳ
ˣ
һһƬεѸٵԲǧﶼֱӵسΪ֮еĿռ䣬ʥĲ࣬ɴ˱ǿ׵ؿ
Ƴһ۴ʱѾСʮ׵ĺɫ֣ҲǸֳһĨʱȥɱ˷ƣȴ˿ᣬͬһ˵ţƤһ㣬ô˦˦
ٰ˻ģŭһ˵嶼ͷųһֺɫĹâȵ¶ȣһ̣ͬռ䶼ǱŤ
˶ͬһȵգ֮ռ䶼ԸоõԼķضûγκƺ⡣
˶Ѿʶ˲֪꣬ڱ˴˵ǲϤ˽ѾƬ̣ȴ˫Ǻ
ɣ㾿޷Էʲô飡˶ǴڻɫĹâ֮Уͬһ
αݻΪزҾͲˣΪʲôԺһֱҪңŭڷαʵһ
Ϊ½ұֹ㣡ЦȻ˵оЩǣǿȴֺγǣһõ۳Ϊ½ΨһͷԺǳ׵ʧ½Ϊ۵УԲ
Ц㲻ҲΪôɭȻЦпЦ
ŲţԺɣҡͷЦ̬Ȳ÷Ѿħ˵ʲô
ΪƾܹôһЦ̧ͷ¶һĨЦݣɨӹ·Щˣ¶˷ɫ
ɫٶͷ͵һֱ»һЩֶΣʲô벻
˵ħˣҾ㿴ʲôħ𲻶Ц״ǰΪˡ
˵϶ǻسֳһѪɫĹâѪɫĹâͬѪһޣ˹죬˿ȥǾһȫð⡣
ʲôа񣡡ľϣʱǰѾͬһһͬǷ˿ǱѪ졣
һ̣ХһѪɫĳ޷Զ濪ʼֳķģЩͬһ㣬ϵռ˵塣
䣡
Ȼʱ·ĵ۽ȻصһϢ̧ͷӣһѪɫâµϢŴأǵ۱
ѪɷǹȻ۱
ɫȻһ䣬ʧؽû뵽νĵƣ֮һ⣬ħѾħħ
ûҲǼǵѪɷǹû뵽Ȼҵаɣͫ׶Ǳɺ죬ϵЦ
յ۱ϢüΪ£ضΪ֮˵ͷ֮жһƣؿǰ֮ͬһĺɫӰ
ʧƬ̣ǻع૵ԭˣնɱ޴ħʱ򣬵۱ѾʧԭУѹ֡
֪Ѿˣ붯ɱ㣬ĴԹңŭһеѪɫǹݺݵһ㣬һѪɫâγһצس
Ѫɫа㻹û⣬òݱܿȻܿһ˲䣬Ѫɫͨһ㣬ȻǵͷһתֱӵسǺɫ֡
⣡ɫüΪѿԼ֮еȫף´ʱҲˣ


2128 а
Ѫɫϯ񷣬Ƭռ䶼֮²ϵزѾǿԿѵĿռ䡣
ͣ
ûκεͣ٣Ѫɫֱӵײһ㱡ĺɫ֣ϵƬ̺󣬺ɫֱӵ飡
䣡
źɫֱѪɫײƣһ̣һ쳹ҲǸֶһ۵âʮֵͣ
췣֮γɣȻΪµƻ֮ǵѪɫҲ֪ʲôȻһ£ǽĥ𣬴ӶٶȻصƵ֮С
µϢƺƵسһûκεسɣֱӵض֣췣֮˺ƿռ䣬ӿ
ˣʱ򣬴һŭ𣬷΢΢üȻΪԶʥΪֻܷӳ벽ۼ˫Ȼ޷ѹ𣬵Ҳ̫ҵ³ѵʲô
Ȼһ̣Ƶɫ΢䣬ΪԼ췣֮Ȼͬر𽥵ĥ
еǰѵ۱ǹ죬Ѿħŭµһжǳƿأû˱Ϊʱеǰѳǹжôؿ¡
׼ȷ˵ǲһѵ۱򵥣ܹȣ
䣡
𲻶ϵųѪɫĹâ״ħ˶ͬһħ񣬲ϵػųǹ췣֮ϣһ㣬һѳǹƺڿһеͬ췣֮Ҳһ
״ɫȻرѿϵ˺кǲ⣬Ϊʱܹ췣֮޾£ܹɣ
еǰѳǹСںܾԶĵǻû½֮ǰǶգնɱһͷħѱͷħ˶ԷֻǴۣȴƾ㳤ǹնɱǶˣ
𽹼صΪ㳤ǹѾʧ޾Уȴû뵽ȴǱãһ̵ֱڣĺ޷
ǹܿôϢ֮䣬˸ԱߣɫصصԼΪ췣֮Ȼûκãѹ㾪㵡
ܹһ۲նɱ˵ءЦǰݵöͣΪٶϮƼΪͣ
측ޣ
ŷƺվһ΢΢¶һĨɭȻЦݣֱضеĳǹٶȱһµ
һƬѪɫĻѸٵγɣ鲼˰񷣬˶־˵²ƬѪɫâѸٵس˷ƣҪס
ˣ
ȵʮ㿰жôؿ¡ǿϣǲ
ȻѪɫâٶԶԶسǵ󣬵½һ˲䣬ǳֱӵؽƺֶ
߾
ŭһսȼգȻ޷ܶΨӲսͲţ绹ֿܹ췣֮

۵â˸ΪƵԷΪģ嫲ϵ췣֮γâӿǷƵһȫʩչ췣֮ԼҲϲ
ûõģǴ֮޷ңЦһȻֱӵشԽ˲׺췣֮ûκεصֿ·һе췣֮Ч
Ϊ㵣⵽ô£췣֮ȫ޷ãϣرѪɫĹâֵ¡
꣡
ǹͬһس֣ݺݵش˷Ƶ֮£·ɫ䣬ѸٵԼǰ۳һâ赲ס˳ǹȻȴǱֿµֱӵɡ
ƣɫȻһ䣬ҧеͷҲǱ֣ʱ״̬Ŀȴȫϡ
Хһϵĺɫâϵֱӵرٶȳ̶ơ
ƵͷţһĨѪɫ𽥵Ⱦؽû뵽ԭǹȻ˿µع죬췣֮赲Ҳ˵Լ
£ŷƣ̲֮ͫסһĨ˷ܵɫۿҪնɱˣȻһα¶Լĵƣֺξ壿
ɣ
ЦеĳǹϵضȻһ̣һɫٻӰʣһ˲䣬˷Ƶǰ
һɫٻӰƻһ¶˼ɫȻ


2129 ǿ
ǰİɫٻӰ˶ʯ֮УԺеļһٶӿֳǰŮôҲ½
̫˼ˣʱȫ֪ʲôԼеĸиţû뵽֮ٶ˽Ī׷ѰԼ
ţȴû뵽ŮӱĻҪ硣
Ůӳֺ˲˵ע⣬ǿŮӳڷǰʱиǾ㵣⵽˭
㿪
ʱ򣬷ƲǷӦŰŮȵٶȳȻ֪Ůôڴ˵أǴʱѾǳħǲѹ
÷ƵĺŮȻ̧ͷ¶һòͬ˼̻ӣ¶һֳ˷ƣƽȴǷЩ¶һĨ˵Цݡ
๫
̶̵Ŀ³һ㶯ȴ˵УǵϺ޵ֿĻʸ˫Ҳ΢΢һ£Ůӡ
СӡʥƳһۣҲҡͷ֪ðһŮӲҿƹϵǳ
ȻʱĹٶ٣ֶ£ͬһƬѪƣõ÷ƶһҧ˵ֱŮӶȥ
֪ΪΣŮӵĳ֮󣬷ƸоԼڵ鶼Ǽ࣬һϵת
в֪ôģ
ֳǹ˶ͬһƬɫâһţЯϵƳ£ûаͣ٣Ŀ꾹ȻǰŮӣ
֪Ů˭Ůŷʲôϵ赲ǰı
˺ֵ𣬷ɫͨ죬çİ˲ʩչһ˫ѪɫĳӲسϵػӶţһӰȥ
ȻƵĶû죬һ˲䣬ۿһѳǹ˰Ůӵϣһǹֹ
ƺ˽Ѫ䵱ѪȾ棬Ҳ΢΢֮һĨɭȻƶŮӣܹɱҲܹץ
Ȼ˭ϲȴǷһ̰Ů΢΢תǾԼʮֵ޳ǹȻֱӵơ
źһĽֱۣתһ˿ĪĹâӲص޳ǹ֮ϣ
˶Ǳ˫ҡͷ̾ϢŮӿˣԳħһҲж㡣
ˣ
һײһ̣貵ĹâͷһƬ񷣬԰ŮӵֱΪģǼ䱬ǿҵĹâͬһĨա
⡭Ȼ̧ͷһĨĶǵɫղŽһ˲䣬оһּΪµ
𣬶һԼȫûвҲ˵԰Ůӵģ
֮еȭͷ΢΢սղһ̶ֲȣԼ󣬺ϵŮӵϡ
һܵģзƣǰǱֲ赲ȥ·ֻؿм֡
Ȼ֪ŮӺǿͬҲǲֳǹȹѾħΪֲ
貹âȻΪۣҲǶݵάƬִ̣۵ĹâǻɢȻһ̣һѪɫӰصصʯ̨֮ϡ
һĻˣǷЩǿߣ̲סһ⡭⵹Ŀ𰡣ѵһ棬ܹ
²Ͷǰ֮Уɫûжٱ仯İӣĪӿֳһֿ־壬½ʲôʱֳôһǿߣ
ǿѾǳǵԤϣû뵽бΪµĴڣһЩһֲʵʵ뷨ѵصĽûô
ͬǰ벽۾ΪЩ˵ȴܹӸΪµʵǿ֣֮𣬵䵽ͬһ磬Ϊ൱ձΪµһΪصĸ򣬶Զ˵Ǵˡ
ȻһЩӳ⣬ˣƾŰ벽۵ΪȻҲܹǿѹǰ𣬲յ췣֮кܴĹϵ
Ůһк󣬸ûκα仯ͬղһûʲôӰ죬𣬲׾֮£Ƴһ۵ص𣬱˷ơ


2130 
𣬾ܣȻúܶ˶һʱ֮޷ܣŮӵʲôȻ˿£ɱܡ
ŰŮӵӰâ˸ڲ²ŮӵݣȻԴҲƶϲŮӵͺͻȻðһ
㶵ؿѾԼǰİŮӣûзӦȻһоͻ̫ˣȻ֪ŮӺǿû뵽ǿֵز
ҵ㡣
Ů𿣬ޱȵضһ˫̺âضŷƣƺǺٴʧȥ˷ƣͲû˿˿رƵֱۡ
Ӻԣ֪˵ɶŮӵһֱΪأһͺԼǷһҲ޿κΡ
ȿȡ㡭㡭ôҲ˼ԼΣҲ׷ʵͻʸ˫ͨըʱѺۣ½½Ůνģ
ҡþˣûзϢһֱѰ㡣Ů¶˵ɫǵ̬˿ˣ̲סҪϧ
þã糾סˣѵԼ֮Ž½ô
԰ֱĳһ죬ͻȻظо˷Ϣ֣ҲһֱѰ㡣Ů˵ͻȻ¶˿ĵЦݡ
ƿһĨ˵Цݣв֪ΪκǸд̾һŰŮӵ㷢ö½һŮǧɽˮѰԼȴһֱѰҲ
Ƴ½ѾʱˣŮһֱѰԼ˵ѰʱôǷ뵽Լûг½֮ǰŮӾѾǳ½ôһ˾Ȼį˹᲻ѡ
ˡӳһĨεɫȫ֪飬磬ҲʧȥŮӵϵȴû뵽ԷԼһҲǽ½
û£ֻҪܹѰҵɡŮЦһֱڶŷƣһԼǰʧһ
ҴӦ㣬ԺԲ뿪㡣ЦȻһѵؽŮӱ뻳Уǿ˫۽رŰŮӡ
Ůӱ־ٶҲһʶҪӷŴȶȣ峹׵ͬʱҲԼ˫֣ؽƱš
Ŵӷڴ£Ů΢΢ر˫΢΢ط̣ϲָоһֳʵİȫС
˶ؿܰһĻԺһ˸ǲ֪˵Ȼ֪ŮӺͷ˵ʲôϵôڵ۰Ҫˣôܹôڴ֮ͥȣ
ĹһôƯŮŶͷһص
ŮΪ˿£ô׵ʰһۣ̾
ʸ˫ŰŮӺͷ˽һٶȻָޱɫһӸо綼ݲ
䣡
ȻʱһѪɫȻشӵˣ÷Լ˻ڵۡ
ȼİŮӵļʾɿˣ¶ؿһѪɫѾǳħ̫ˣ
ҪɱŮ̧ͷŷʵ
ţǰɣһҹǲˡʼεص
ãɱŮӵǲ˺⣬ȻҶֱ֣ǻˡ
ŰŮӵĻƲɵһ£ҲղǱŮ׵һлܣ˵˭ܹԸĻĪ
аô΢üͷŮðգȻղѾչ¶Ϊ
ŮȻһЦƣҲӯ̤ͬӵֳ뿪˷ƣŮٴλָĮȻɫӸµؿһѪɫ
ѪɫֱɢһּΪµ¹֮УӰڻֳħǹ
ʱ˿̣˶Ѫ֮У渡Ѫɫģǹ죬ħʮ㣬˿һ־塣
𣡡
췢һŭͬ޵Ĺеĳǹϵźɫ޹â˫ضŰ֮еİŮӣɫ֮нǼɵ
˵˭½ʲôʱֳôһǿߣ


2131 ֶ
Ůӻ̤ѪɫǰѪɫ̺֮ĿֲҲüͷƺѪɫ̺֮һЩħϢеܲϲ
ȻҪɱҷȥɣ
޸һ仰ӰŮӵĿ³ɱϣͬһ㡣
һֱ׵ɱͻȻϣһ̣ӰȻ˸뿪ԭλá
䣡
һ۵ĹֱӵشӰŮӵۣ֮Ȼֱӵػԭڵλá
̶֮ȣԶԶس˵ϣһ֮£Ѫɫֱӵرɢ
Ѫɫ֮͸¶ЩɫŮӸҲ˵ͬҲ
Ůӵݣڳжڲɵģǿ֮󣬾Ȼ˿·磬ǿ߶¶֮ɫŮӵǺηʥȻҲһλ
½ģȴѾĺ𣬻ƶ𣬾λǿߣ۽
ĪҲ½ģ嶸ȻһҲ뵽ܣŮŷϤ˵Ҳ½֮нġ
뵽ɵøиţ½뿪֮Ҳ˽½ְǰŮȻһӣܹɵѹ𣬶һǳħһΨƶǵǿ߲ܹ
ȻŰŮӵĳ֣ҲһڣôҲӲҪδһ⡣
ΪҪľǣյһѿѪǹû˱ΪѪǹĿֲ֮
𾳽𣬶Ϊ˵õϧħ뵽Ѫǹܲô򵥡
ŮӸ߰עٶ۳貵Ĺâûʩչκ似ƾľ޷ܣֻǲϵؿܿЩ
ԭΪȥİŮڵǺܿͷ֣ûκôŮڵͬӿһ㣬û˿ļ
𣡡
£еǵҲǱĥȥŪãðһЩʲô⣬һŮӾ㹻ͷˡ
ȻˣҲǱҵģŭͣٶеѪǹ͵زڵϣ˱˫źдʡ
Ҫʲô
ֵؿһۣǽϣڳûбΪ˽ġ
⣡𿴼һĻɫȻؾ䣬һѪǹжȻӿһֲԤУǰԸѪǹˣƾľֶΣԴ֮ˣ
ͬҲҪۣһλˣʮ˿ڣѪǹǿа
һĻŵǸʩչһģһҪѪҺ߶ѪǹĿ
ɢ뿪ۣ¶֮ɫʯ̨ԱߵŭȻôͻȻغûжҪʲô
ţô£ɫһĨأܹ˱ɫ飬²򵥡
ֹҪ˵Ѫ߶Ѫǹ𼱴ٵصʾðŮľٶ
ԣͫҲǽȻ֪Σô˵ҪģǶԼ˼Ϊ
ƵӰѸٵ˸ŮԱߣֹô
ŮҡҡͷŴʱüͷ̫ˣػû
ŰŮӵĻҲǽüͷѵҪ֣
ƺΪ֤ŮӵĻһ̣Ȼ˫еĳǹŭһͻ֡
۵ĵ涼ǶȻرѶһѪɫâ֣һ𣬶ⷶΧȻ۵ķΧ
ʲô
Ƿ󷨣
һʱ֮䣬˽ǿŽŵ֮³ֵѪɫâԼȵĳ󷨣𿴼һĻ¶֮ɫԼվûֹľٶ
ڶǿڰ֮У·ĵ治ӿֵѪɫâ˵棬ȥͺһ޴󷨣Ȼ׼ˡ


2132 ɻ
һµӵ۵ĵ涼Ǳ鲼Ѫɫâͬ磬ϵؽ֯һһ־󷨡
أ
ʱ۱ǳһЩĽܿ˷֣޷ڴ˵뿪ΧĿռͬεˣʯ̨֮ϵЩǿ߶Ƿ˲Ծĵط
ˣ
ռǼеĳǹһǿ֣ѪȵϢͬԵĶħ
⵽ô£ӿһֲĸоվڰգûܵ󷨵ǿʯ̨ܼȺʱǻޱȣ͵͸źâ󷨹켣΢
ʩչʲô˲õ󷨣ΪԿ⵽Ůӡ
ˣһжûˡ·̾ϢɫͻȻͬʮ꣬Ŀ¶֮ɫ
Ī㶮Щ΢΢һ㶣ҲǼٵصʩչȥ֪ᷢʲô
ɻȻִ󷨶ѧˣ¶֮ɫѾħɫ֮нǷŭ
ɻ󣿡΢УȻû˵󷨣־֪Ǽ򵥵Ķ½Ҫ鼫Ϊ¡
ҪǧѪ߶ڤڤ֮ϵĴڣǿ¶Ƿ֮ɫգԤһͷħԷƾѪǹԼɻӲؿ죬λ
Դ۵ľ磬λǸֱǲ˼飬ͷħҲӲѪˣ߶
һɣʮɽΪһƬ
˼˵ҪѪˣǷƣҲǱִŵ»ӶۣˣûҲǧȫǴ½طףµģȴû뵽³
ѵûа취ֹôɫأǧôѪ飬Ҳ޶á
ЦҡҡͷصӦͷˣóѪǹͬʱӦܹ²⵽ѾɥʧԣΪ˵õʹһֶΣ
ҡͷϣҲǳĬֶûֹҲ˵·ЩȺȫڷ
Ƭ֮۶ǱһѪɫ֣ʱڲ֮УҲǲ֪ʱһƣضǻ谵
磬޶˵شڳ˶Ǳýվȵĸоʯ̨֮ϵǿߣɫҲ΢䣬ʼע𣬴ʱ˿̵һϢͬޣ
𣡡
е޳ǹ͵ػһѪɫǹᴩ˲񷣬ƺӵδ֪գضڲ
֮£Ⱥ֮пʼ˻ңΪ뿪۵ķΧЩѪɫĵȴֹǡ
УһЩʥ׵ǿҪ֣޲ֻǾֵؿŵԽԽ貵Ѫɫơ
ǱҵģңȻ˫֮޾ʺ֮ɫЦ
£زݣͲܵǴôһ𣬴ʱѾȫرˣۣʮɽ֮ڣ
زݣһó֮ʣص˭ҲңЦӦǣںƶգʱʱһ
˱͵سХһڵѪǹȻңңضŲ񷣬ЦҾصף˭Ҫң
֮ͻȺ֮вϵŲҽ
һɫҲǴ䣬ڵ۵µѪɫķģƺһֱֹӵؽ˵ɣ
Ѫɫ֮վȺʱ˿̣Ƕ¶ʹ֮ɫϵģǵһۿɼٶѸٵظɿݡ
Ѹļ󣬶ԽԽ˳Ϊһ߸ʬ֮󣬵ϵѪɫıøΪ貣վڵ˵忪ʼ飬Ϊħһ㣡
ʯ̨֮ϣΪǰ벽ϵǿߣǽ֮УЩȺȫûܹ⡣
ҽϵ𣬼ЩߴǿߣʱҲ̲ס⣬ǧȺԼǰһһ߸ʬ̫ˣ


2133 ɱħ
ڳϣ˿ʼɥʧΪһ߸ʬֱӵڵϣϢȫޣ
һĻǷƣڶǿߣ˳Ĭ֮У̫пˣҪǧ˵ΪѪ𶼷ô
䣡
ʱ˿̣ͬүľٶһ㣬ںڵƲ֮Լź֮һ̶ִĹâ
ƺ۳췣Ҫ췣֮ĥȲ̵Ϊ
췣ҲҪɱôҪУɱħֳѪǹңңضŲЦ
ڴʱѾƾ࣬ϲѪɫıøΪһֻ͵һ̤ţѪֱƲ񷡣
һа֮䣬ǰڳڶǿ߶ǸоԼͬһɳСһؿ⣡
Ѫɫ֮еĺҲǱ΢࣬󣬽ʧ
һĻƵ˽һۣ˸еľ㵣Ȼܹ췣ղŵȻǿۣҪ췣Ҫĥ𣬵ȴӲɢ޷γ췣
Ƿƣǳ𾪣Ҫ۳췣ǱɢôԼڵ췣֮ѹƣ
ʱ˿̣֮еڶȺʹ֮еضȫǱ󷨸գǵ֮еһЩӶǲ⣬ֻȥ
Ƶ¶̵ɫһĻǺεȵزпᣬƫƫԼȴûκΰ취ȥҪǿжȴԲ׵ʱ򣬶Ǵ粽ܹڤڤ֮һصֹ

˫۳죬̲סХһйеķŭһοɰǧ˿Լǰȥһ̵ֲķʽб߲ѣ
Щ˿˵ȫ޹أΪһͷͰװ׵͵ԼлԼµӣ
֮գǲ㣬Ϊˣ
Хϣƽеı߷йȥʱ󷨻ԶԶûнǵۣʮɽ𽥵رС
һɥĲЩˣʮɽ֮еޣʱ˿̣ǰǺ޵ֿ֮أ
ֻǱ鲼ۣȴӲؽ󷨵ǿʼʮɽƽҪһĴڣ
ʱʯ̨Ϊڶǿߵ֣һʱ֮䣬ΪҲԹơ
ڣһԼĪʮǿߣдۣͬһİ벽ֻۣԶǰˡ
ǿЩʹ֮ȥǣ߲ϵػصǰİţɫҲǱ˵ܹΪһǿߵǣѾ͸ĸ˵ûմѪȡ
յĳɵ·ǿӲɱ˵ɱˣԶԶĻҪ࣬ûô̰
Ϊɵģ
ɨӹЩǰԼֵڶߣЩȻһ֮ʣҪԸңأǧ˵Ǵпɰ
ԷƵΣǰЩֵǿߣǱ˳Ĭͷǵʱǿʼ뵽˵Ƿʵ
ɫƵɫҲǼ࣬ûȷҵϣһûƭǣǴ֮ӵгܣһҶδƣȴһ֮ʣ
÷˵ǿ߶͵һԺ֮жʱһƬȷǱԼе̰ɱ˫ۣһЩǲš
˵ûܣҪƾʲô㣿ʱһλվ˳ŷʵ
ҷ˵ûоûУһǿȥ׷ǣزм
ôЩǿ߶һĳǿߣôԽãԽ˵ļ仰ţҲ̫ʧˡ
ȷϷ֤СȻǻ飬ȴûвܣ˵ǳˣǲȫ׶ѡʱ𻺻վɫһƬȻȫûƭ˵ĸоʵϣҲǲҪƭΪʵ
ڶǿһۣǵͷ̾һԼ˶Ǳƭˡ


2134 ħ
ڵ۵ǧΪһʱ̰ɥʧЩǿ֮нǳһΣǴӦֶԸƣЩ˾Ͳװ׵ض
Ӧ
ʱһλ̬ӵվ˳ϳһˣղҲԼֹ
ԣѵҪֹȥôһʵʵǲ뿴ɱ޹
ƽϣڳʩչ󷨣ΨΪϤòˡ
˷Ƶʾ⣬Ҳ˼֮͸¶һĨǣҪȥֹѾûа취ˣɻ򻯴һͲͣΧûκĴڣ
ô죿ʮɽޣĪҲҪؿһôһǶܹԼز²һȥʮɽһƬ
ûа취ɫ࣬ɨӹڳڶǿߣɻ򻯴ȡ˵ΪԼѪʱᱻڣζҪСģǧҵˣ
ʲôǶܹԸ
Ҷֻܹӳ벽۵Ϊ󷨾Ȼ˹죿
һЩʹ۶ӣ˸Եľ飬뵽ÿֲȴû뵽˿ֲ£ͬǶδ⣡
һۣܹȡλԿɻ򻯴Ŀ֮ĮȻص
룬ӦһЩ˵ƣܻ죡ƳƬ̣֮ԲȿµڣȥܹͻĽӳԶ벽۾ܹӳ
ȷƬ̣˵ʩչɻ󷨣ȻԼһʱƣһʱ棬޷ܹɹնɱˣôͻǴ֮ʱǲɱǴҲĥ
Ǵ
ۣڳһЩʹ۽ɫţƺǿ־
ƲһǴԼڶۣ˵ǴǱ췣ΪµĴڣ֮ľҪԵľǴ
췣Ȼ£Ǵ۾ǿ߸£ΨһµľֻǴ
ôҲ˵޷ǿնɱô·ҲҪʱӵһ㣿̽Ե˵
˵ͷҲһȻնɱǱȽѵ飬ⲻҪסһʱѣڶǿ߶һ㻹š
ǡһ£֮У֮Уκһͬرɣô󵽵׻ǿᵽʲô̶ȣҲ֪
һ仰ʱͬһˮ˵ͷϣһ㵵ӡ
ˡƵ˵ͷͬڰ֮еˣǾͲҪˣѾʥ׿Բֵս
˵˵ͷһ˱˵ԶԶȥڷƵע֮£ȥ۷ϵĻʸ˫һߡ
ʸ˫ûκηҪҲûȫΪӡסҪƽ⣬Ҫô֣Ҫô֣˸ûƽ⡣
ʸ˫ߣҲһȻʱȴɻؿ˻ʸ˫һۣŷʵ˭
¶֮ɫǰûش𣬵һʱ֮䣬ǲ֪ôشá
ΪҸоϢŮɻüͷΪ⡣
仰ɫ͵һ±죬˼תƿŰŮӵСĵ㣬Ǽһÿʮֿ¡
ڹԼŮҲǳЦ֮͸¶һţ˲ҡ
Ƶ˵ͷȴǶ԰ŮӵΪһǰ֣һܹʩչɻ򻯴֮ҲģΪͬҲ
ŮӵʲôԺ֮вϵػԼ龰ΪԼڵ鶼Ůӡ
ȻʱضΪ֮һطƱɫ粻ͣع𣬶ɻ򻯴ķΧѾסʮɽһ̣֮ݲ
𣡡
췢һŭеĳǹָŷƵɣ
֮ʣѪâڳǿ߶Ϊ֮ɫ


2135 
ǹһز˿ѪâƣһһϢƽüͷһ̤Ůӱס
ɡ
Ůôһ仰תȥΪ֪ʱ𣬿²ǷƿԶԸˣ֣Ҳδܹѹ
ƵðŮ˸ǳźâ˫ǽעŮȫû˵½ǿߡ
㵽˭½ûǿߣȥҲƽϣ˫ŰŮӣϣܵһв
ŮɫĮͬ겻ĺ֮Уûｻ̸ֱӵرǳֹȥ
ʱӿʮɽڲŮһӰ֮˸ÿһӰͬʵЯ޿ƥеƶ𹥷ȥ
ڶǿ߽ɫ΢䣬Ůӵʱطӳ˵ͬΪ벽۵ʵȻŮѾվõļ£ҲȲϡ
ɫ䣬磬֪ŮӵΪɲ⣬ǸղԼһҲͬһɽԼľ뻹Զ
ƣôһ£ʵ
Ƶ˵ͷҲɻصҺܺǣһҪ½ôġ
ʵ𲢷յ㡣Ƭ̺һµ
յ㣿ʲôյ㣿绹бΪµĴôԣҲʧڰ½磬ֹҲǱڰ벽֮ڣȻżһЩĴվ
ֱ½𣬲֪ĴڣȻʱȴǸ𲢷յ㡣
˵ͷ𣬴ڵʱѾ㹻ңԶ½Ҳ޷ôãһص½ܵǱߵعӰ죬³᲻
ңԶĹȥȻ˽ӿ֣ۣһһνΪԻ͵һʱڣȻܹɾģҲһӦһ
ʮ꣬Ҳδܹһ˵ǿߣ֮ʣԼشһ㾳ϣʶһ仰
֮ϣף
䣡
ڷƺ̸ʱ֮ееĳǹѾǱɣ˵嶼ͬߵķһ㣬󵹷ɳȥ
Ůڰ֮УķƷˣѩŮһۣ𽥵ЩѪ͸
һĻƲ΢΢ʧɫŮжôֲ޷²⣬ǿߣڰŮΪأԸǸˣӶɼʱǶôؿ¡
ŮһɳȥϢҲǱ࣬ʱϵĺɫâʶ࣬Ȼش
ȻȴٶѪǹУ̧ͷһ²֮غɫƲ㣬³˲١
ʩչɻ󣬵ȷǿڶݵʱڻǿʧڰŮӵĳ֣ûаŮӣڵܹնɱ
ɶⲻȥˣаȵ޶ʱڣܽŮӽôٵľǴ֮
ͫŭŰŮӣһʱٶȳеѪǹ˵Ѫɫ磬ϵش˰Ůӡ
ʱѾǳħ޷ʹõ۵ܹõģֻһЩаޱȵ
һǰŮΧƾճֵѪɫ磬˫־ȻǺʹӡǷƵһμŮƺҪ
ŮӵӡǼ࣬Ƭ֮˱͵һǸоʱ˿̣ƺʮɽضǺݺݵز
ͬڤڤ֮Уһش˵߶˰ŮӵϣĿ¶֮ɫŮͬΪĻ
ָ֡оɫüޱȣͬʥһ㣬Ͳû԰ŮӵĤݹˣɨӹȥǿˣڰŮӽǸ־㵣𾴣Լ־塣
ô£üͷ壬ŮӴʱϵϢƮ첻ͬŮ·˾Ͷ֮䶼ǻȻƺÿһشĻ
ǵľ磡ص


2136 ƶ1
𣬷Ҳ͵һ̧ͷŰŮӵӰʱ˿̣Ѿ޷ܵ˰ŮӵΡ
׼е˵ܵ˵ǰŮӵϢҲ˵һ̣ŮΪһ壬ﵽ˺һ
½ĺ𣬾־磡
ģ̫˼ˣǰ벽۾ΪҲܹ򷢻ӵ쾡£ȴ⣬ĵڶǿߣ
૵صŮӵıӰ˻ȵֻȫص׷һ̣ŮӾأ
ϵ֮ɫͬҲạ̊́ƺǿʲôΪŵ飬磬Ȼܹһ㣡
һ£ǲ֮кɫƶһ㣬ڰŮӵ֮£ûһΥ֮ģ֣ڴʱ
оΧһεѸٵ̣һ˿˿ָоԽԽԡ
ȻǰŮڵԼѹֶμҲ޷ʹã
߾
Ըһŭȣеĳǹϵò˵ѪǹΪأ״֮£ѪǹתҲǲϵת˿ܵŮӵѹ
ѪǹĲɫ𽥵ز쳱ϱ鲼ĺɫٶȵرֱӺݺݵزڵϣʮɽ˲
£۵ĵ棬ٶǳ޾ѪâٶȸգǴʱȴЩǿ֮⣬Ѿûˣ۵ˣѾȫˣ
Ҫʲôɫ΢䣬ʱǴ߶󷨣Ҳ޷ΪʱڵۣѾûκ˿ɸա
ѵ£ɫ͵һ䣬Ժһŭˣ
ʱʣµĴ󲿷ֶǴۣЩǿߣΨԺһǽʣΪʥףˣ˵ҪٶɣôǾΪֱӵĿ꣡
ҲǷӦ˹֪˶ԷҪԼ֣Ҳӿŭ
ЦѣȫƿµİŮӣʱ˿Ҫٶ˵ȡΪǿ
䣡
ı󣬿ռ俪ʼϵŤѪɫʼϵڣƬ֮󣬱ǳֳһµģӰ
ģӰִͬһѪɫǹƵط֣ģľ޴Ӱŵ۵ķģһЩȻϵ
ʱ˷Ƶ֮ɫҲǴߣѸٵغˣǿߵĽΪʥ׵ǣ޷սһ˿ನҲ
Ϊ뵽ʱҪ˳֣ƺʥ˸ȥҪסǣǿᣬҲֿܹ
ķչǳǵԤϣϵѪɫâûжӿֶĿ꾹ȻЩǿߣ
һ㣬ҲǷƵʼϲΪû뵽𣬾Ȼ˿£ʩչɻ򻯴ȻҲܹԸ

ҽ±һ屻һѪɫâֱӵס壬Ȼݺݵر䵽棡
ɫ˿־壬ΪоڵѸٵˣҪȴ޷ѣЩѪɫؽڵ֮ϡ
˶ǿһĻһ̫ˣ۶Ѳô
̫ˣ
ʱһ̲סˣ˵ͬգ貵Ĺâ˿µһݺݵڵ棬ҪݻٵЩ󷨵ơ
ͣ
ȻһȴûӦеЧڵ֮ϣûдͬʯţ뺣ֱӵرɸɸɾ

ʱ𷢳˴̶ЦͬʱһڵĴۣϢʼϵؼûУֻؿԼȫڲϵرɣ
ϵѪɫøޣһģӰԽԽӣͬһ𼴽Ҫ񣬵ƾ־塣
𲻶ϵЦţɨӶڳڶǿϣͬԼһ㣬Щǿʳѣ
ʱΪɻ򻯴Ĵ߶֮еںƲԽԽ࣬ԼŸʮɽļ󣬵ȴȫȻˡ


2137 ƶ2
Ǵ֮ƺ£ȻʱȴɲϵһϵһУҲǶȻ
һۼĴڣɲǸղЩͨ˿ɱȣЧԶԶԽЩϢٶȱÿͬһ޵׶һ㡣
һ̣Ҳһų˲һ㣬ΪŵĴڣ޷ʱ򣬰һ۵ˣᷢʲôĺ
졭ֹȥŭôȥ»ᷢһЩǲ顣
ǣʱ˿̣һӻڳǰڶǿ߶ӣ̤벽ǳ֡
֪᲻Ҳһˣ
һȺ̰֮¶ɸֵ飬ЩÿһԸȥðգȴ벻ǵǶ֣мܹȻѡ
ƣҿԺһˣȥ֣µ½ֵܹģΨһ˶ѡ
ҡҡͷֹľٶȽϺһ㣬Ͼ췣֮ôҲ޷˺ң
⻰ȷ٣Ȼʱ˿̣ƵѪɫâԴؼƵ췣֮ҪЩѹƣȷǲܵ顣
ûӦƵαȳ֮бӿ貵Ĺâ˻һâʡ
ƺ׼ɻûܹճ֣ԷҪȡ㹻ʱ䣬ܹϰŮӻǼ˵Ѫǿ
ȻԶţҲ飬ˣһǿֱͻĽ»ָ۷ʱڵ
֮пеоƵĵȻҲ˫ŷ¶һḬ֮̃ɫҲǶԷڵűص֮ġ
Ц췣ֱ֮۶γһɫ͵ڽϻеͺȵս⿪棡
ͣ
һ΢𣬶Ȼ֮£е׷֮۵ĳøΪ貣Ŀ»֮ƺնƲһ㣡
ûõģͨ췣֮ҸûôǴ֮ŷǶֶΣҲЦѡ
еĳǹؾǹϵķͬ˹һ㣬Ǽâ貣ͬʱǲԶڵһλǳܲסŵĸоһ죬׵ػʧ֮С
һλĴۣôʧԼȵǰһһʶ˺һЩ룬Լһ
λ۵ǾرɣϢﵽһΪֲĳ̶ȣһħӰҲԽʵƵ˵ʱʼջûпħӰʵģ
ɣ׳
ЦϣƳһ۰ӣԷһֱδ֣ȴǽ֮Уһĥ͸ûиʱ䣬ͷϵƸѹԽԽأǴ֮¹˶þҪ٣
Ƭ̺ħӰʼϣһµ˶ǴżɵһħӰ۶ܹɱĿ´ڡ
ƺһͳĺеĳ߸ߵؾ𣬿ʼų貵Ĺâ˲£һĽǺƺƵͬӿĺӿֶ˲񷡣
һƵĽ£Ҳ΢¶֮ɫһγ֣˶ûдʲô̽һ־ҪµɱУҪöԷأ
췣֮εôЦѣǰûжõѪǹɵ췣֮ΨǴܹ֮ɵ
䣡
һ̤صڵϣʮɽڲеĳǹݺݵָŷƣֵһ޴ħӰҲϣֱӵس
֮УһƺƵɫӿ£ͬһҵӣһ޴ħӰѪҪƾ
ߺȻûıը貵Ĺâһ˲ռ˲񷣬õõϵǿߣ̲ס˫޷̶ֱֳȵĹâ
Ƭ֮󣬹â𽥵ؼ͵̧ͷ˲֮Уһһڻཀྵ֣ƺǲ¡
һĻҲľѪɫȻ˿£ܹ췣֮£


2138 ƶ3
֮ϣɫѪɫϵؽ֣ɫ΢䣬нһӡᣬڲ֮췣֮ȻطϵѪɫ
ۿˣҲŭһӰٶȳǰֳѪǹ֮ռ䶼Ǳơ
ȻڴʱŮӶˣȻ˫ضͬһ㣬һ貵ĹâƿŨصںƲ㣬ֱ
һ̣Ů˵ӰǱͬȫΪһ壬һ貵Ĺٶȼ죬ֱӵس嵽ǰ
ͫ׽κζܣ˱Ǳһ貵ĹУصڵ֮ϣһ޿ӡ
Ѫǹ䣬ڵϣǣûѪǹʱ򣬲֮ںڵҲǾֹûиղֲֿѹ
â֮󣬷Ҳǲ췣֮γģٶȺݺݵسȥ˶ٶû
䣡
ϵľ촫ʮɽڲŮһΪ£֮УһԵĲһˣأ
һһȹǵϣ˭ܲסŮӵǺεȻֲ˹
һ֮󣬰ŮӲûмٶȹ𽥵ػָԭӸղֿµ⾳ָ֮Ѱ
Ƴһ۰ŮӣϢûмҲȻһղ״̬İŮӣ˵޷ɱԼܹشԼ
ȿȡ
â𽥵ɢֻһ޿ӣһǱӰش˳Ȼ
ʱѪۣͷɢվϵϢҲή࣬ûиղǰħ죬ضŰŮӺͷƣҲҧƣҪٶȰѪǹٻ
ʱ򣬷ȻҲ֪֮Գħӵǿܹ߶鲼۵ɻ򻯴󣬺ܴԵɾΪѪǹ
ȻǲٶȸᣬȻûһĹâƿնݺݵػĸըನٴ
˭֣
Ȼ̧ͷͶŮӵϣȻҡҡͷʾ֣ͬʱҲǿ˶ԼͶɻɫ
ղһǴģ
һʱ֮䣬ձùڳǿ߶ǻӣ֪ʲô顣
ͻȻ֮䣬һ̾Ϣ𣬸̨֮ϵĿռǻŤһģӰ𽥵ظֶһӰò֮󣬷ҲǾȲѣ˲ڤ֮ɭλô
ƶ
λ֮߳ڳǿ߶ǸһĨ㵵ɫͬҲϳ˴˵ݣ¶ɫ
Ҳƶ𡣡
΢΢̧ͷҲڷƵϣ˵ͷԱߵİŮӣǵ˫һĨâ
ƶ𡣡ƿˣҲǱȭصȻƶ⣬ȴǺ̶ܴȴԼ鷳
ƶЦЦû˿йȥͬһλڼߣ˿޷ϳǶƶ
źƶ½֮ϣѾǽûϢȴڳǿ֮⣬û֪ƶ
Ⲣʧں½ǲϧ֮֮ƶֱ죬ٶȳ֡
СС㣬ڵĻҵơƶһ۰ŮӣЦŶԷƵ
Ӻԣڤ֮ɭ˰ƶҲΪкøУȴǲ֪ôܰŮӸʶ
ǺðһҲνҵϹͷƶ𿴼ģҲ˹
ǰˡεЦЦ˵֪ĻԼȷǲˣȻ½֮ϡ
ܲ򵥡԰ŮӣƶҲûа취ҲĥʲôʱôһµĴڣȫܹͺ𲢼
㡭Ůӿһƶ𣬵һζų˷֮˵ԻݣƺʲôҪ˵û˵ȥ
ЩµǾ֪СӣҪһ顣ƶЦǿŷƣɫ֣


2139 ƶ
ƶô˵Ҳһ£ʱҲǿƶĪƶô
ôһ˵ƸԺˣƶ־Ϊ飿
Ȳ˵ΪնɱΥƶ־Ǵ߶ɻ򻯴۵˶һѵƶô
ƳĬ˵ڿ鲢Լе򵥣˵ƶ֮ŲһĹϵƺȫûиԼ
ƶ̾˿һǽش𣬵ûһηŹ𡣡
ĳϣҲһ£û뵽ģҲ¶֮ɫʵΪʲô
Ϊϸ˵ҵͽܡƶ̾һ±û֪ЩҲǲ¾΢˽һ㡣
ڹȥңԶ컹ûΪʱ򣬾ƶ£ͻƳΪ½
΢΢һ㶣ҲףΪΪʲôðΥƶƣºܴԭΪһݵԵʡ
ܷŹҲϣЩȥ˸ӲϡҡҡͷԴӦΪһΪѾȥˡ
ƶƺԤϵЦҸ㣬ҲΪôɱ㣬ҵƣҲɵһЩû뵽Ȼѡðɱ㣬ħ
ʱҲվ˫ͻȻֵƶһĨЦҲҪ飬ҷҪѷƸնɱɣ
˵꣬˱͵³˺üѪȻڵƲᡣ
ͽ˵ôƶ𿴼ҲǸһĨŭɫ
ƶҪնɱңܲԴСʼεȫΪҪնɱԼ
һʱ䣬˵ɣºҽѹڤ֮ɭһǧ꣬㿴ɷ񣿡ƶغһǷһˣȻ˵³Ǽ˰ŮȷأһҪĶ֣Ӳ³
ΪʦͽܶϧƤ˵ơ
㡭״ֹ̬ҡ
ʱ򣬰Ů̧ͷƶ仰һ΢΢һ£׽˰Ůһ仰ƺ̺˼
Ҳ¶֮ɫ´ǰֵƶ𽥸һĨصɫƺʲô
ƶ˵ͷûκصȷ״̬Ҫס㣬ȷǲʵ˵
ƽüͷƶѵʲôԾĵط
شΪȫʢʱڵʮ֮ʵûСŮĮȻص־磬ԷΣȻһۿ
˻һȵĲǷһˣͬڵڶǿҲǴ㵣ƶش½˭ܹһ㡣
ƺΪ˽˵ɻƶ΢΢һЦµҲǲΪ˹½ķתǲϧԼȥ½򣬶һ֮УҲǸ˴ۣȻΪ½ܹƽôô
ƶԭ֮һһȫ֪飬ֻ֪ľǺȫȻû뵽ƶǸ൱֮Ĵۡ
ҲɣЩһֱڤ֮ɭֻϧ̫أֻǷӡΪǿŵǲд浽ɡƶЦЦƺԼ˵Ĵۡ
Ϊβǲ룿һ֣Ҳ³ҲǾһʷˣЩҲǼΪ
ƶҡҡͷ춼𣬵ǶûдﵽҺͺɵľ磬Щǲ岻֣֮ҲҪǿ½
һ̣ƶ˵˶ǳĬò˵ǺƶǶΪ½൱޴Ĵۡ
ҴӦ㣬̲ѣҲֻܱƳ֡Ƴһ£ҲֱƶԼò
ǿƶΪ½ҲΪ˱֮£ԼǿҪնɱδֽӡ


2140 ɥĲ
ƵͷӦԼƶҲһڤ֮ɭƵһ۵ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪˷Ƶʵݣ½֮ˣͬ硣
ΪźһЩͬνԤԸûзϣҲûжֶԸƣһ
ƶӰ΢΢һʧԭأ·ǰҡͷ죬Ѿħ̫ˣеִɡ
û˵еĺɫâ˸ȭͷʱʱɿƺ˵ֻҪնɱ˷ƣܹڶǿ߳ΪԼ£ٰԺˣôԼܹΪذ
½Ψһİ
˵ִħȥ춼ۣʱңҲȲ㡣ƶһ
һ¶֮ɫһ۾ƳƶѾ˵ϣеħ䣬һΪ뷨Ժ֮С

Դؽ֮еħԽһͬħһϵԺ֮

ƶ𿴼¶ģɫҲ̾һûܹΨпԼսʤеĬһƲŻǴӦԼ뿪
Ȼƶûпǣʱ֮УѪɫԽԽ䣬ҲȻظһĨЦݡ
Ƭ̺ŭ𣬵ԶѪǹҲǿʼȻһ˲ֱӷɻС
ϼһͳȫҰɣΪҵһ֣
˫Ŀضƶ𣬱ЦǰеѪǹֱڵ֮ϣ˲ٶɻ򻯴
һĻ仯˶Ϊû˲²õȻҶƶ֣Ҳ¶㵵ɫ
Ǽ䣬ٶȸغɫâϴβһ㣬һεĺɫâγɵĵƣ۳һСķΧƶΧڵ֮ϡ
ͽȻҶҶ֣
ƶŭˣûϵȻɥĲħ̶ֳȣҲҪѵѪɫĽȻȴǷ֣ɻ򻯴ԶԼ
Ȼħ֮ͺްΣԼʦҪô𿴼һĻҲŭֱӵسʩչ´
䣡
ĺըһֵģзƣľٶ˵ԤϣȻԼʦҪ֡
Ȼʩչ֮Чȴǲô룬Ϊʩչɻ򻯴֮˵Ĺ޷
ܳôɵƶĻº룡תŰŮӵΨһϣҲǰŮˡ
ŮӿһҪʵ˵ܣҲûа취ֹ˷ӵĽ֮ɫҲһͷҾԣ
󣬰ŮٶųâطЩ仯Ϣֱӵ֮䣬ʼƮ첻
ʱƶʵҪҲȻܣˣشΪµͨһˮƽϢ磬Ҳѡ
ıԴô̫ˣҰɣ
ЦгѪɫʱѾǱħռݣһֻҪǿǰǲʦ
ͽѹƶŭȫ޷ѣֻܸоЩԼ֮еĺɫâڲϵȡԼڵһУ
оԼҲһҪڵĸоһжеѪɫǹͣ
䣡
ٶһĹ𣬺Ȼ£ȻȫȻˣֻƶһС
貵Ĺֱ£Ȼûǰһ㽫ɣǵ֮ͬһʱһѪɫ֮һ
ɶ񣬾ȻЧôƿһĻҲǺް취ŮӶûа취ʩչɻ򻯴κ˺˵ˡ
ǴǴ
ʱ򣬷̧ͷͷ֮ϵһںڵƲ㣬жȻһԼϣɫƲ֮С
ǴһԼȫûнӴģ˵Ҫ֮ϵǿ߲ܹӴǴǰ벽ۣܹӴҲ췣֮
Ǵ췣ͬԴֻǰ߱Ⱥ߸Ϊ£췣ֻ֮ǵӵƻǴȴ궼ܹ


2141 
ʱ飬˶޷֣߶ɻ򻯴ͬԼʦƶҲҪһɣΪ߱ʦʲôǸΪ̡
ûֹܹһУɻ򻯴һűΪǿȥƣ޷ֹ󷨵תһǿҲֻǸɵ۵ؿһС
˵߶˰ŮӵϣȻǶ֪ŮԺδҲΨֹܹһзˣһɵƶ˭Ҳ޷뵽ΪʲôĿֲڡ
̧ͷŲ񷣬¶˼״̬ƺڸĳֶ״̬֮£ȻҲûȥ
ˣ
տʼƻر˫ԼظֳЩ׻ûǲϵܡ
Ǵ췣֮˵ͬԴʵ֮ϵĲ࣬Ψо˲֪Ƿ췣֮ʶǴ֮Ŀ³̶ȣиΪ
ţȻͬԴô췣֮һɱΪǴ֮п϶ĳֹϵȴĥ͸
ʱŮӵٶȱأ޷Ϣһ̰Ůӵͬһҫۣ˫ٶȽӳһӡᡣ
䣡
ںڵƲٶȱƣһĹЯ޾ƺȻ£ֱӵػڵһƬռ䣬Ǽâ貣ڶǿҲǽ˫Ƕ޷׷ʲô顣
ΪȺ֮ΪǿģʱƬ̺ǿ˫Ĵʹɴ۾һΪ貵Ĺ£ȻӺܿǸһĨɫ
ϴβһûֱӱһɳٶȳֳһʵؾ޴ħӰħӰ赲סĺɱ
𣡡
ŭɺضǰƶϵĺɫâϵرòڼӿƶһУ꣬
һУ˵ԴȪ˵ʱȫسΪһħһԶ֧䡣
ֻҪ㣬绹˭ҵĶ֣ЦѵصȷȻƶʱֻϢ½ǿ֮һһɣĻͬ˵䣬ܵС
ͽղ㣬ڿʼնӲӦƶԼڵѸٵţҲ֪տһ٣Ҳŭȵ
ңҪΪܵңͱ죡
ĺ⣬¶һɫȫûаطڣѾħеԶڡ
ƶĬŬصֿϺɫâȻ֪Ӳϣܹʱ䣬Ӷ÷λŮлֻ֣Ҫһ½ƽ
еڽ֣һĹûɢŮ֮Уش֮ѹ
ЧȻ΢۷Բǧɻ򻯴󷨣Ҫ˺
ȫʢʱڣŮҪնɱȻǺķѲô๦Ȼʱ˿̣ȴҪܵĽ
ƣͿ˰һֳɹµĲƽǻᷢΪµ¡ӹ˿Цһ˵ȫ޷ֻ֣ǰϣڷƵϡ
ʱƣŮӵοʼŤϣƺҪ״̬֮ȻʱΨһܹǣסֶҲʧЧû˿ֹ
ʱǽ˫˳˼֮УڿѰ˼Ǵ췣֮䵽ʲôϵҪôܹһϵ׽
ʶ̧ƣָ΢صһһƵâָ֮Упʼ𽥵ʣԺ֮һ⣬ƺ֪Ǵ֮췣֮
ȻôŬȥԣǲһ㣬Ϊôһ㣬޷췣֮תΪǴ֮γ޹Ҳֻܷ
˫ɫͫ׾ȻǱһɫ⣬ƿŰŮӴʱ״̬ɵ΢΢üͷҲǴŮӣ췣֮֮С
Ůӵ˵ͷƱһһѸٵشԼ֮гֱӵû貵Ĺ֮Уһ̣â鲼ֱ¡
䣡
յ췣֮ȫرһֿµٶ


2142 ħ
Яŷڵ췣֮ںϵĹʱ˿̣̺øӿ񱩣ض˲ʮɽܵӰ졣
ͬ۵һЩĽҲǱƻ˲٣ѣѾȵƻʵǺš
𣡡
ҲǸܵΣȻ̧ͷŭһֻάɻ򻯴תԴԴϵؼƶһУһֳֳֻǹǾٸߣңңضһ
䣡
һ죬һħӰʱΪƶԴԴϵرԼգøΪʵĶһħӰȻҲͬһĶ
ħӰĹâΪ䣬ֽȻͬռһ߲񷣬ڽţؿŮӺͷֵʱڻħӰȻٶȼΪȴȷеؿ
ƺͰŮӲվһ˶Ǿܵش߶Լڵ֪Լ췣֮һ˺ȻҲԸȻᡣ
ڶǿֻվԱ߸ɵţҲ֣ȴѰҲֵĻᣬΪǵŷƺͰŮ˴Ϊͬ޷ںϵһ
ŮӴʱѾǷӳΪµֶΣأƿ֮ƿص췣֮Դ˵ǺͰŮӵź̶ܴȵƣԷƲܹһ֡
ѵǾֻɿô
һ¶֮ɫʮһŮܣôǵ³ͬҲǺòҪô֮£ҪôǱնɱһ³
ͷҡҡͷǵȷ޷ֻ֣ǽϣڷƵ˵ϣƺͰŮӶ޷ֹô½ҲͻС
һħˣƿ½֪᲻½ͬһ㣬˶ǲԸ⿴һĻķ
𵱳µԤԣȫˡʱһȻ̾εؿˣ½ҲǳҪƵܵʱҪع硣
ô˵Ҳһ㶣Ҳ˺Ԥԣ֣壬Щһһ֤ˣҲǷ׷ױ֤ʵлһйء
Ůӵĳ֣͸պ֤һô
ν𣬲˵ƶ𶼲㣬Ϊ֪ˣԤ֮˵𣬶ǰŮӣ
뵽Ҳǻ򣬿ǧҲǿ֮ǰµԤԣһһ֤ʵ
㣬һɸǳɵۣ֤ô½µĽƾǻᱻƣʱЩ˿¾ͻص統С
ܽôǰҪʱ򣬾ϣֹܹɥĲľٶͬԼʦܹ֣ҧȻǳߡ
ѲѾħħ𣬸Ϊʺһ㡣һλ̾
ûʱѾԭһ𣬱ħռԼģΪħ𣬸Ϊʡ
˶˵⣬Ϊ˻ǿϧһУںϵĳƺֻҪȡʤͱʲôҪ
Ƭ̹˶ǿؿƺͰŮֵһѹԵѹ
ʱƶҲʮֵΣȫ޷ɻ򻯴סֻܱգ޷ء
ͽ㵱ҪҸô˴治֮£Ҳܹó֣ĳħԣѾǺ޾ҩˣ
ƶϾŴˣʱ˿̣ɻ򻯴֮£ԽԽ
ᶮĺôǶ˵ħԣҾħΣشЦȫûаѰŮӺͷֵһڣΪʮһȫ֮ʣԼŰսƶɵ
Ȼ˳ԼħƶҲǺ޿ԣֻԹԼˣûаΪͽܣȫᷢ£С⽫Σ½ˡ
ƶŭһ˲ʣʮɽǻص˶ǳĬȴǺȥƶȳֻؿţ
ҾҲùƶɫȻرͨ


2143 ޵У
ƶ嶸ȻؿʼƣȻҪƴԱҲԸԼһħõ֣
ϹʶȤ
ƶľٶħȻҲ֪ҪʲôɫҲ΢䣬ҪֹƶԱΪһԱɲ㹻Ҳ˵ԱҲһģҪ֪ƺͰŮǶһֱڻ񰡡
һƺͰŮѰҵԼ֣ǾûظԼ
£ħɫҲǱԲƶӡһ䣬Щƶ֮ϵĺɫâȻؿʼת䡣
ɫâϵŤȻ𽥵ر仯Ϊһ־壬ؼ̣ݺݵشƶϣ
Ѿ͵ƶֱܵ仯֮£徹ȻͬƤһرȥڿ񱩲ϵʼԴԴϵرɫâɣ
ɣ
ƶԱջǱԼֹħҲǿЦѣֵķҲǿʼϵ˸˱ø졣
һĻƺͰŮҪֹǸ˵ǼڹĲ֮ϣ޷
ԼĪƬ̺ƶһѪѪֱӵرɵʣһ΢ĹâƯڿС
𿴼ջ̲סҪ֣˻һӰȥƶ꣬Ǳɵô磬ûƶˡ
һħҲֱӵػִһɫ
꣬Ҫ궼ҪɵħҲһЦӡ΢΢һߣʱѪɫâֱӵؽһ΢ĹâУȻصС
ƶȫħɣ궼ǲ⣬ûмŶ֣һ۲֮δµҲЦ
Ҫƶֻܹ꣬ȫػƶһز½˭ֹܹ
ɫ˫ӹһĨɫûκΰ취ֻؿһĻķƶȫûа취ֹ
ħøΪǿøӼ֣ȥǰŮӳ֣Ҳûа취ɱ
鼱֮£ҲֻҽֱӵһھѪֱӵǰһ֮УرգƲ֪ǷЧҲΨһˡ
ڷƵľѪû֮貵Ȼرÿһһâʼôִڱ棬ͬʱħһħӰҲԽԽر
䣡
Ƭ̹ȥ֮ħһħӰǵֿ˺Ȼֱӵرɢ̺Ĺֱӵ£ħ
Ȼһ˲䣬ƺħ˫
֮ƺִ۵Ĺâţ߶źıըըನۣеĽһ̱ݻ٣ͬ档
âڳƬ֮󣬲ǻɢزǻָƽ˫ۿǰķ棬Ҳǲɵþ㵵ظֳһĨ죬̫ˡ
أô
ûиܵϢ
ѵô
һʱ֮䣬ڶǿҲǷ׷׵ۿҲǱ鲼ʮɽȴûܹܵħϢͬʧһ㡣
ǷƣҲ⣬˫ɢûѰҵħϢѵˣһ㣬Ҳ޷š
˫ɨӶ·ͫ׽Ѫǹڵ΢΢ţתĺɫâħȴͬʧһ㡣
𣿡̲סתŰŮɻʵ
Ůһʩչ˹ҲǲС˼º˫ҡҡͷҲ޷ֶԷĴڡ
䣡
ȻʱһѪɫâȻشӵֱһʵľ޴ħӰѪɫâ֮и֣Ѫǹ΢زһ󣬱Զطɳ
Ȼûɫһߣҿӣħƺƶ꣬øǿˣ
𣡡
һŭһӰֵسѪɫâ֮УȻħ
ƾҲɱң̫ˣǼʶһʲôĿֳѪǹһӣһѪɫâͬһرֱڵڶǿߡ


2144 ѹ
ڶǿ߱һĹâֱӵرˣһǺˣǷִʱħ𣬸ܹġ
ˣ
֮¶һ˿٣Ⲣǿ־ħ𣬶ǶһĺɫâɵһմȾϣ˵ͻƶ³
ЩҲˣ
ħЦƶһУתĶǰһ̣Űգ񷶼ҪĴ
׷һز˭ܹ⣡
ƺͰŮڰ֮УüͷŴʱͬħһħ𣬸оޱȣ̧ͷһ֮еĺɫƣ΢΢ɫ
ʱԭȫɫ֣Ǵ֮£ԴħɵƶһЩƾȻǻؿʼɢ
⵽ô£ѵħѾǳѳķΧ
ɫüΪأתͷŰŮӣʱİŮɫ΢԰ף״̬ƺǺܺãô
ŮӿŷƣȻһЦҡҡͷʾԼʱ޴󰭡
ƣɣҿһλ˭ܹȵ㣡ħһڶǿߺҲûм֣ǽڷƵϡ
飬ȻԾȻ궼ܼ尾ֻأħϵػƬ֮С
ƵɫüΪأһıüΪˣƶħľĥ͸޷۳Ǵ
ħһһħӰֱӵסһأƸоΧĿռƺһεա
Ѫǹͬͱһ㣬һ̱䳤һĨǹ֮÷Ƹо⡣
һǹƺνжܣ޷㿪һǹ
ƽҧݣ渡һ貵ɫâ㲻ǾֻӲ
ʱ򣬰Ůƣһ˲Ϣǳ˷ƵǰļƣƺҪ赲һ
ÿ
ȵһǹΪ£ԼҲûжİնܶŮóȻسǰӦһǹ
ɡ
Ůӵޱȵضֻ֮ͬһ˫͵غʮ˵϶ǱʵĹâѩ˲ǰγһεϡ
飡
ǹâڶݺݵײ˰ŮǰĿռ䣬һͳѪɫĹâǣռ˰졣
һڰŮǰĿռ䲻ϵŤħеĳǹƺֻܹӲͣٶס޷ٽ磡
ħŭһһͷѪɫĳ޷Զ˫ŭŰŮӣԭ޷濹Ůӣɵƶ֮ڳŰо񷶼ͱһ󶴣ξŮӣ
ҾͲжͣħŭջеĳǹȻһش̳ÿһδ̳ǵͬһϣʱΧĿռǿʼµ
ŮһĨɫ촽ᶯƺʲôһ㣬ͬһ£ڶУʱǸоΧصʼ˷ӿ
Ůһֻ֣ǰһԲΣΧ˳ƣٵǰһ޴ޱȵԲΡ
Ϊ޼
Ȼ֮£Ůһͬ˶һղŰŮһ֮£ƺضһ¡
˵һĻǷˣħеĳǹǿᣬǶ޷ٶҡ֣Ȼϵػųǹͬһ㣬ڰŮǰͬһεϣƾôͻƣҲ޷ݻ٣
һ֣ҵ췣֮ӦûܹЩüͷҲǿ˰ŮƺҲ״̬ħް취Ҳһȭ
һӴѸٵԷƵгŮӴʱҲᣬٶȵһ䣬ǰγɵԲαǺݺݵħײȥ
ৣ
ħʱоԼͬεһ㣬ܣֻӲͣڿС
һ̣ħǸоһµѸٵس±Ǵ㵵̧ͷһϵ˲䣬ǽ˶ûˡ
䣡
һ챬ըµһϯʮɽһӰصشӰ֮£Ȼħ
һĻһ÷ƺͰŮܹѹƣȻ衣


2145 취
ħ𱻻ˣҲһ֤˻ܹѹһħȻ˶޷ô½Ͼܵˡ
ҲڴʱħΪܹ߶ɻ򻯴ٱɵһλۣǻжǿ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵõ
ƺ˸˵̫ˣƬ֮ǻԵٶȻ˵ˣһ¡
ɫϵƣһּΪµٶȬһ˲Ϣʱ䣬ħϢٶӿ֡
һĻ˵ɫ׷ħ㹻ľ룬ٶ˳֣ƺͰŮҲǲվһ𣬽ؿħ
ħ建ظڰУȻ˫ضŷƣ΢΢һ£жȻһ־ĸоȻûӦһɫӰǸǰ
ͬŮӶǺ޲ħ𵽵ôֵģǹâȻشֻ̳ƣӲ۳һ췣֮
䣡
ֻоԼԵһ޷ԽɽԼ۶һâǹâֽͬһ㣬͵һǱơ
ҲؼǹâϵƵļ򱻳ǹУ˵Ҳͬߵķһ㣬ݺݵصȥ
ƵڿһѪɫΪ԰ףضħеһ֧ǹղһ£ȻԼڵȴһ˲䱻࣡
ѪǹŹŹ֣
شŮҲɫĮȻиһĨŭ֣ݺݵػħ𣬰ʱħˡ
СǳǹйŹ֣
ŮħҲŭһѣǱѪǹеĻڵԼ»ڶݵʱѸٵš
ΪŮӳ֣ħҲһЦߴӷƵת˰Ůӣ֪ŮӿŷƵĹϵǳҪɱƣð
ȻҲҪҾͳȫ㣬ͷһͬԧ죡
ħɭһЦ˱ٶȿǰŰŮӳ֣Ƕ԰Ů˿η壬ԼԼܹѹưŮӣ
ֻҪŮһƾͻᱻնɱҲǵԼУ飬Ȳ˵Ƿ̺ƾõǿ߶ӣȻٲԺô½֮ϣҲܿ
뷨Ҫ£
ŮӺŭ֣ħȻشƣǴۣԵ³ҲǼΪغҪħأ
ҡ建ڵѸתţΪɫǱúÿࡣ
û°ɡ
Ѹٵ˸ǰ´ŷƣǿûһ㣬ҲΪ㵣Ȼǰ벽ۣȴħһе㳬ǵԤϡ
ҡͷʾԼû£̧𣬹ע˵սʱħ̫ˣʵȻǵµľ磬Ҫ֪ΪĽ˵ΪֻǷӳ벽۵ľ磬ȻʱǰŮӻħ˶һİ벽ۣ
ħ𵽵ô£Ϊ˿¡ʵҪħ𣬱Ҫôġ
ڤڤ֮һϴڻϵͨɴǿߵȡǿҲ̾˿
ϴڣƽüͷӱ¶һ־ֵɫĪǹ񣿡
ЦҡҡͷȻǣһֵĴڣ֮ʱ޾֮;һλΪֻд۾Ĵڣȴܹѵʱ˶Ӳѹȥ£Ҳýˡ
ǰѪǹôƽüͷһеԴͷѪǹҪƽ⣿
ƣܹƬ̣аտش
ʱ򣬷Դ԰ŮӵĴҲһ㶡
Ҳ̧ͷŰŮӺħ˵ս˰Ȼÿһпνرɫ
ƽҧ촽Լһ˶Ȼ޷ħģǰתϣµҲΨˡ
λܹ赲ħƬ̣ᣬܹشˣصصÿһ˵ɨӶ


2146 
ԷƵ󣬳ȴ֮⣬˶˳Ĭһʱ֮䣬е졣
һ룬ҲûʲôͷӦʱȴǷ˶˳ĬУҲһʱƿʧԡ
ѵǲԸôɫ΢䣬û뵽Щǿ߾Ȼ̬ѵ־ħô
ȻƻûгΪشۣǴʱеǿߣһһλڳƬ֮Ҳ̤ǲԸ⣬ûȷеİգǵȥ
仰˵ڶǿҲǸ飬ǵȷǺһ㣬ԴʱħǶްգһͻƶһ³
ƿЦãһۣʱоò֪ô˵ãҲ֪˵Щǿ޴Ǵ˹ͷѵºħ𻹻Źô
ڳɣұɱǵ³ֻõȥмλǿߣΪŹôҪ֪ҺһǶ˵вص
ڶǿԣʱһ㶣ҲǻʵҲȷͬ˵һֻҪôҪԸľͻǣ
ҪôһλҧµȥҲѱΨܹϣش
һ֣סɣƳղŰŮѾǴֻҪסô㹻ʱȥ
ڶǿһۣҲǵ˵ͷʱʣԼĪʮλǿߣȻ֮ǰǶԼĪΪӪǴʱΪ˱Ҳǹ˲ôܹ࣬ȥ
˵ͷҲһ֪ôһȺǷܹס𣬵ȥĻֻԴˡ
Ҫ飬Լѹľаɣ
ӸֳһĨأ֮ҲǸâһĻһЩһǿߣ¶ɵ֮ɫҪ֪ȿµĴڶԷƵ췣֮ɵôܹء
ûκγɣֱӵ˸ڳһħȥͬʱŮӣ˺
ƳŮҲǵ˵ͷһ۾ͿڷڶǿҲǸϱǿƣ׼֡
Ůӳ뿪ϵ˺ħ𱣳һ룬ħȻطӦΪΰŮͻȻس֣ȻƵһ˾Ȼֵʱ򣬾ȻǿЦ
һȺϣҲԸңħֳѪǹ¶һΨҶƣȷ֮£ϣ£ͬŮȼǿߣ޷ѹοôһȺ
ȳħҲЦϣȻҪҲʮ⽫·ŭһеĳǹɱڵس˷ơ
ڰŮӣħƳһۣҲϾᣬУֻҪһе鷳ӭж⣬½ҲܹǰŮҲܣ
ȻħѪǹֱӵشͷ­ϣʱҲ޷ǰ֡
ƣ
ħŭһѪǹȻһǿҵѪɫâһħӰҲŭ𲻶ϣֱӵɢʱɢɢâ鲼񷡣
𣬷ͬҲܵ˷ɣֱӵһѪɫüΪ԰ףζҡ£ħƺЩɢΧ췣֮ǼɵҶнӴ
һɫĹâŷƣһĨɭȻЦݣֱӵرȥ
ǹһħӰҲϣһƬҲǲϵزɫ΢䣬ϵ˺жܣȻʱŰ
䣡
ڶǿֹ߽ɫںϵһ𣬻һɫ쵵İâƺƵسϰգֱħ
ߣƾ㼿ôħЦѣҲǲҹһϾڶǿߴһһҲܡ
ħХһеѪǹǹǰӿֳһĨѪɫâһĨѪɫĹâϵرãס塣
䣡
һɫ쵵ƺƵڻħ𣬳׵ûһźɫɢܵ췣֮ڷƵĿ֮£ҲֱӵЩɫ֮УȻر


2147 ȼ
춼ɫ쵵µĲϵƳûӰ˸صߣղ㱻٣˺ҲǲСӲس˷ɡ
䣡
һ֮еɫ𽥵ɢħӰҲ𽥵¶һħȻӲسһǾ㵡
ȴƳħƺҲòȥϾһں˵ǻܹɵؽô仹˭ֹܹ
סħѪɫâɫԺʱѾɢʱħ𣬻ǿµƣѪ۲ȫ
ৣ
ħȻ˫һ˵ɱɭضŷƵ˵ȺϾȻǸң
񷣬ڶǿ߶һؿشŭħ
ħٶӿɫĹâЩĵѸٵȬƬ̣ģ
ƽüͷһ۰ŮӣʱİŮӻһ貵Ĺâ֣Ӷǿ壬ȫ޷֪ʲôǿԸоõǣϣһּΪµ
֣ôҪסƳ˫ۣµѾû·Ψһսף
ǿԣɫҲǱһۣ˵ͷǵصĿħϡ
ͷһۣ˸ʱǿߣȴ֮⣬û˿Խħ𲫶
еͷȻһ貵Ĺâ˹һϵڲ֮ڷɣĿ֮£۱˼Ϊµ
ƳХϣȫԼڵƣսһ߶սڣе췣֮۶ɵ߳߳ᴩ˳գֱӵħ
˵֣Ҳǲòӣʱˣȫ޷ӲֻܿŲϵضЩ
ͷӰ棬˿ɣҧħһħЩиôӭĽǵص
ȺɶϣŭȼգûϵһȺ˵ȻԸǺĪǲҪô
ɱ˷ƣֻҪ˳ңܹһͬ
ʱħҲǲȥջڶǿߣȻȴ֪ⷬǰãʱѾħڶǿҲš
ħ㴦ĻҪɱңȴû뵽Լôһ³ɣصһֱͼѰħ¶
ֽĵ۶ǻУǧٵ˽УԼʦ𶼿ɱ˵Ļ˸ô
ΪղƳħĸֵʱȻͣһ£Ҳץסħ㣬ͼöԷ¶
𣡡
ħŭһ˫Ŀضŷ˵Ҫԣµһһҵǹ£֪ΨҲǿ
ûˣһԴôᶮħЦɼʱѾȫħ
ƺΪǰļ仰ܵ˴̼ħЦ֮󣬾ȻҲǶŷ˳֣ǹϵض˿µֱӵסˣûи˿أ
ɱǾң
ͻȻħǿ籩ĹƺҲǱΪӦħѾ˷񣬶ЩڶǿϵĹҲȫȻˣֻɱˣ
ۣ
ȵֵסǹĹٶصص£֮һѪ˿ڣղٴαѪǹС
𿴼סʩչ˿µĹ֮Ȼȴûܹ赲סħĹƣٶܣ
ʱֵһѾٶȻħһΣħûκηֶαǻУ
ˣ
ɫ쵵֮ʣ񷶼һ֮֮ǰܲ޹âͬҹһ̣ȻԼعâ͸¶£𽥵ɢƣùâطأ
ǡ
Ѫ֮еķȻ̧ͷҲǽ˰ŮϣʱѾǻһƬʵĹâ֪ΪΣһֲĸо
⡭ǡȼգˣͬ㵵̧ͷա
ȼգƽüͷͻȻһ
ʼȼԼ꣬ҲҪشħ𣬲ǿԻɱˣ૵ص


2148 ҫ
Ļ˶ԭأ֪ԼеһֲԴԭˡ
˼˵ɫûţʣ°仰˵˰ŮӵѾģ貹â֮еӰǵǵɫ
û־ٶȼԼ꣬µӶɱħ𣡡ҡҡͷΪ־ǿߣ˵ԶԶҪ
ôƺԾǲʵ
شµ򡭡ֱ
ôһ۴Ŀе÷Ǳشҡ£΢΢һҪֹŮӵľٶ
Ҫʲôֱӵס
УҲôԲԣɫ𽥵ر÷ŭħǺ͵ˣȻҲҪŮôֵ̫ˣ
ûõģѾǿʼȼˣ˵㣬Ǻ޷ֹҡҡͷ֪ŮӾͷʲôϵȴܹΪ˷ƶԼȻеĹϵͬѰ
ҲܣҲðգһʲôˣŭӿ췣ֱ֮ӵسϰա
ͣ£Ҳ
˫Ŀؿ貹â֮ԽԽʵӰŭŮΪ඼ǲϵʹ
ȻƻûŮӵʱһεӲڰŮ֮⣬۷ʹʲô취޷
ʹâ֮еİŮƺоƿһʵӰƺ˫Լ£͸貵ĹâԼؿ˰ŮӳЦ
Ц˫ȻʱڷУȴİʹ
ΪʲôҪôɵر˫о۽ʪ£ж᲻ᵯֻδĴ
ǿôһ绪òŮΪԼϧȼ꣬ȥԣ
Ϊҵ๫
貵Ĺâ֮УһʵĻƸȻʱȴΪֻؿһеķ
𣡡
ʱһŭٶ쳹񷣬ħӰٶȸֳգʱҲǱʱסˣŰŮӣҲӿֳһֲĸо
⡭Ů¶˾ҪɱԼô
ǿģңħХɢеĿ־壬ϵػųǹҪֹŮӵľٶ
ͣ
Ѫǹ֮ϵſռ䱻ȿµ𣬵ȴ֣Լδ߶Ѫǹ޷ͻ貹â˺İŮӡ
ˣ
һ̣֮еĺɫƾرɢնǱ鲼貵Ĺâʱ˿̣½˶ͬĩ֮һ㣬ϵع£Ĥݡ
Щ貵Ĺâҫ䣬ڷƵ˵ͬһ㣬ǳů͵ĸоħǲͬˣ貹â鲼ʱϵĺɫϢҲǲϵط
ЩʲôϷ
ħŭǽڷƵ˵ϣ֪ŮҪסƣҲһҧֱӵضŷ˸ᣬնɱƣ
Сģ
±ע⵽ħľٶҲŭһƵľԶһʱ֮䣬Ҳ޷ϵ
ڱ֮еķҲǱһѣ̧ͷǿһĨĶǵѪâԼĻħЦݡ
ħ𣬷бһŭŮ֮ԱƵֵزΪ
ƳХһ޾ŭڵս⣬Х񷣬ҪսҲҪսԸ⿴ŮΪ
ħɣƳХս߰һԶſԽʱսֱӵӲħ
ͻȻȿµƣħһ֪ΪΣŷһ˫ŭ˫ʶؾȻ˺˼
ǷӦħ½ǿˣȻ·ƣ
ѪɫĹâٶͬһڶħɢĪֵĿ־壬ѪǹǹɢɭĹâŷƵȥ
Ȼ߾ҪһʱһŮ½ˣǿߣͨ˵Ķ߶ǻصһ仰
ҫ죡
仰ĻһִĿֲƣ½˰ǿ߶Ǳ𾪡


2149 Ϊôɵ
ȸܵѹľħְ֮ԼȻ޷ˣۿѪǹǹâֻа֮ңȴӲرĳ
֣Լգһ۶УҪѵֽȻȴ޷סǱ鲼貹âͬǧشѹϡ
ƿԣֻԼа֮ңѪǹҲǳХһ췣֮ȭͷݺݵħţ
䣡
һ죬۵âԷƵȭͷ֮бħ˵嶼Ǳ췣֮Ƭ̺ħӲǳһǱо޴ıӲغ䣡
֮Уħ޷ŽһȭȥҲ޷صڵϡ
ƻҪ֣ʱ򣬰ŮƮǴ÷ÿ
ҲãҲԼ˫ᣬ˰ŮӵȰ裬ʱΨһͷҪɱħ
ֻҪħһôŮҲԼȻȴǣһЩһʩչҲ޷ͣ¡
Уңܿġ
Ůӵشȴͬţ״سħ𣬵һ̣Ҳ޷
һ͵ؽ˵ĸ޷ֻǲϵῴ貵ĹâʱŮӵӰѾǳ׵˹â֮С
һ̣鲼貹âһӵ۳һϵħڵλ£ÿһǼΪؿֲһǽʮɽݻٵһЩ
䣡
һܼ£Щ鲼ʮɽֻħһˣƻվԭأЩ͸ǵ壬ȴˡ
ڶǿľؿЩأȻЩ޺ǿɵƻ棬־壬Щϣɲܡ
һܹܵˣǧһԴԴϵͬһ£ɲһһôˣһιʮɽܱܲȫһ⡣
µĹ˰ʱ֮𽥵ؿʼʱƷܶˣεʧˡ
Ƿȴ˫ؿŲ񷣬ɢĹâϵıƿ޷Ц᲻ϵ¡
Ƭ̺ض»ָ鲼貹âǾɢʱʮɽͬڶǿһ㣬ط棬˵ǱΪƽˡ
棬ڶǿ߽ҡͷЦѣҲ̫ˣħǻ½˭ܹѹ
ƣ㿴
ڷʧʱҡһ·ƵļָŲ֮һӰ½
ƻعһӰʱͫ׽˱ǱǰŮӣ
һգ۵˲䣬Ʊȵؽס˰ŮӣŻӺѪɫĲ԰ӣƲΪҪôɵ
Ůƺ˷Ƶ۽ëضһ£ǻǰķơ촽ᶯҪ˵ʲôջʲô˵
ʲôҪ˵סҧ촽ʱеʹ޷ȱõӺݺͱһҪʹ
ŰŮΪԼԸʱ˵Լ
һڵǴڳֱӵس˰ŮӵڣΪڵһ飬ǰŮӵйҲûκεų⡣
˰Ůӵ壬һǳ壬ŮһɫҲǺࡣ
ŮҡҡͷʲôҲû˵˫˹ȥ
ѣѣ˯ȥˣһҪذ½ѣ
ŮӻԹȥƱߵغһ֪ȥѵֻؿŰŮԼǰ䣡

ŭ֮дŷŭԼ޾رˣˣжһᣬ̾ܹΪԼһɲÿ˶ܹġ
ʱ˸ŷƻѾԹȥİŮӣĬȼԼַʽǰûгֹʩչˣնɡ
һа취ĶԲƴʱͬˮ׽סһݣ𶮵ı࣬һܹ֪ʲô취ԽȰŮӣ


2150 û
Ĭģİʵ˵´ƣΪԶ񣬷ʩչȼյˣ֣Ҳ޷ȡ
Ƴһ̾˿ʼ۲ŰŮӣʲô漣֣Ƭ̺ʧɲ
ôǲʲô취ƿģҲǽޱȣҪе֪𰸾Ρ
е֡üͷʱŮӵҲǲ²ⲻ͸ˣԼ֪ȼĴΪͬ
ô£̫޲һ԰ѻ˵
˵꣬꣬꣬ػ꣬һųΪһ꣬һ˵ΪƮһ֣˴ԣ꣬شµӡҲ޷֪ԼȷеظܵĴڡ
ʲôϵƼŵһʱ֮Ҳ˵ʲô
ȱ𼱡һ۵Ҳ˵ǿȷдڵģ꣬˵ڣҲǳ˵֮һ뿪壬ôҲʹŴԶˣػǴŴ˵ļ䣬һ˵ȴֻ꣬ػûдڣ
ꣿüͷһ˵ۣҲƶǶڤڤиһЩʲô
ǲһʧˣʵΪػ겻ˣҲ˵Ĺһм䶼ˡ
һ㶣Լһۿʱ򣬾ѾǺͿԼ๫ʧô
ûв´ĻղȼյľԼĵػ꣬Ѿʧ״̬ʶѡĵػȼգ꣬ȱһɣȴһֵӲؽס꣡
˫⣬ȽԼҲǸо˼飬ػһɢȻҲ뿪壬޵Ҳ᳹׵ʧ˵
ʱŮӵĵػûˣ˵Ҳܿ뿪оڰŮڣһס꣬޷塣
飡
ƵҲˣԼղžѾǽȵ˰ŮӵϣȻԭðŮӵû뿪壬Ӷסһ
˵оȣͻȻӿһĨϣô˵ֻ겻ɢôŻ
Ĭ̾˿˵ʵҲ֪յĺ˵֪һ
ԣһ㶣Ǵûϣô
ҲģԺպһЩ˵ѰҵһЩӦòһֱڻСҲǳⲢǰοһְ취
ƳĬص˵ͷµҲΨ취ˡ
Ȼʱһ𣬾˷𣬷ƻһϳǻʸ˫Ȼûתٴڶǿߵŭ
Ȼû
һۣһֲĸоҲתһѪܵӰס˻ʸ˫Ĳ
ǵѪܵӰħ
ȻûƶʱԺһƬհףŮԼ궼ȼˣȻܹ⵽ô£
̶ֳȵ˵ħһˣǰŮ⣬ڣûһ˿ӵóȫɴ˵أ
ǰһĻȴħû
һ̣۽Ƴ˵ѾѵĳǹȻѪǹҲǸһĨڿħϧƴ˻ٵѪǹղǱסԼ
ѪǹĴڣܹħȻе㳬ϣҲ֮У
ħ𣬷ſ
ƱŰṲ̊ǰһصȻǿ˴ʱħϢϵµȫû˸ղֲһĿơ
ƣ˵ɣЦʼңѪܵħЦȻһЦһ߿ȳѪʱϵƺأǾʣһΣνҡ
Ϊ㻹ܹӵõôڵ㣬ʲôʸ˵뿪ŭ𲻶һȻûǾԶ֣·
ǸҶôҾƣ뿴ʲôһʬô⣡ħ޾ɫʸ˫ѾǳΪʣ϶Ʋ
вңƵɫһӱǱ


2151 в
в˵Σ뿴Ů˻ǰͶҶ֣ħЦʵѪȾ˻ʸ˫ĺɫۡ
ڶǿ߿ŴʱħģһħȻ˳ģɭɫĹͷ¶֮ǱһѪܵĶڡ
Ϊ»Ļ·ôɫ࣬ħ˶һҪЮ˻ʸ˫׼Լ㡣
֮кδȥãٺ٣ò˵ãҪ㣬ħЦ˵ȫԼϵơ
ʱĻʸ˫Ϊס뷴ûκοܣңҲͬһľͷһɰڲ
죬ͷǰɣħǲܷȥġ̤ǰһĮȻصһ仰ѷƣҲڶǿߡ
һħȥ´ûôõˣԱҪˣնɱ
һ˵ʵ²֣Ҳ֣Ϊʸ˫ħѳ֣ѵԼܹİΣһСô
ǿԣһҲȻضħγһΧȦ˵ȫûĿܣʮɽڶǿߵİΧ֮С
ʱħѾǿ֮ĩǰѳסʸ˫ҲƾһղŰŮʩչȼգɲôóܵġ
ƣһʬͶҶ֣ħҲǲôˣֱӶݺݵضŷƵʮȻôǿߣǳ֣ԼûлĻᡣ
ʮֵԷƵԸǾԲŻʸ˫Լڶǿ֣߳Ҳ£ΪʲôڰŮӵĹ´һҪľǰѻʸ˫ٳס
¶֮ɫؿŷƣҪնɱħ𣬿»÷ƵͷͬڳڶǿߣҲʮֵһ㣬Ƕûж֡
ƣһλܵ˾ûˣصص˷ڳɲͬҲ֪ƵѴһλѵá
²֡ҡҡͷͬħһ㣬Ȳ˵ʸ˫ϵôƾŻʸ˫Ĺͷƶ޷֡
ɡЦҡҡͷƲӦЩ˸޷ֻ֣ؿħ뿪ô
֪ҪƴŲ˻ʸ˫Ĺ⣬ȫ޷ҡҡͷŻлԲѵİӣ̾˿
ܲƽѵҪΪɣȴɱôе㼤ǳһħ뿪ˣǺ롣
ƳĬˣȷ˵ħ뿪ôԼζԵŮӣ
ĬƬ̣ûѡձ˶ǵŷһ񣬶ڶǿߣҲûһԶֵģϾħʱȻˣ˭֪᲻ˣϼ汳ġ
ƣˣҪ֮ˣ͹ɱңħҲǱòȻôȥϵûеõʱƣӲذʱ˵뿪ˣһµĻᶼûС
ħݺݵصһɭЦϲģպҲ֮ұȻָ˵
ƾþóĬҲ̾Ϣһ֪Ƹ޷£ҲֻǷħ뿪
Ȼй˼ɣǾɡҡҡͷԣʱһΪҪһж֡
ǽľٶȴеΪ⣬ڶǿҲԭء
죬߰ɣſǲ㶯֡վɫƽضħ
ʲô
Ҫ뿪
ôԣպ鷳ϣ
˵ڶǿһ£Ҳǲϵʧħ˵ֱһʱըΪպһɵԼ˭ҲԸ顣
зԵģԼֶԸҡҡͷûаڶǿ߶̬УΪ֪ܹħش˵زһжúͷйϵ
ƲͷɱûҲûʸ
ô˵ҲһЩӦ˵˵ڣΪ԰ŮӺܲƽ֪һ㣬Ծֱ˵պĻҲǶ


2152 Ļ

˶ֻܿħЦԤϵˣȻе룬Ҳ󣬵ʼջǿ԰ȫ뿪
ؿħ𣬳Ĭ֮н̺޾ŭǹ˼ɵʸ˫Ͷˡ
ЦҲЦˣſʸ˫ǾԲ㣡סеɱҲѹ˺üβסûг֡
㵱ɵôҷſͷſħЦסʸ˫Ĳָˣǻʸ˫һޱɫ
죬̫ˣôһ˵еɱҲҲѹֲסֱӵؿһͷŶ
ڵ㣬Ҫɱ㲻׾֮£
ħһЦȫȻ޾壬ɨӹڳڶǿߣûڵңֻҪ΢ѵ㹦ܹɱң˭ң
仰һڶǿɫǱòȻûһ˸˵Ըͷħ˵ûǿ׵նɱҲ׵汳ġ
£ûԸԼϾÿһǰŮӿΪ˾޴
һĻħЦʱ̲סˣվҪŹͷôɣʱ㣬͸µˣ
˵ħǻͣЦһڷòɵһշºĶ֣ͿҲûطˣϾҲ֪ʸ˫ĹϵãС
뿪֮Ȼûʸ˫ħҲǳȻȥ̸ʵҪЮ
Ҫôߣ
һԣҲŭȣָħԵɱ
ħЦЦû˵ڷƵϣƺڵȴľ
̫ˣôܹ֤ʸ˫İȫƽüͷ˵̫Խܡ
㲻ңͬҲ㣬Ҫ֪ڿ滷аħٺһЦֻİ취
֪ҲӦģң¶˼ŭ⣬ȫ˱һħ뿪󣬶Իʸ˫ʲôҲ֪
Ը⿴ĹһĻԲܣħЦʸ˫ǷƵ㣡
ƳĬҲڳĬǿ߸ûлȨһжǿƺᡣ
ҴӦ㣡
ϵǣƳ˼Ƭ̣ʹӦħҪ仰һڶǿҲ̾Ϣһ
ٺ٣˹ȻݣħЦҲһղǸҪʵԼҲǲ֪ƻ᲻ܣڲһζѡ
ҲҵҪ󣡡
ûħЦ꣬ƱǼһӡǣ㶷뿪죬һӡ̺췣֮Խ״̬ȫɱ
ǷƸղһ˲ദӦ֮ߣΪħҪ֪Էһȫˣǽ˻ʸ˫ͷϣǵʱûа취ˡ
ħӵЦݳ׵סû뵽ƻôһӦİ취һ¿˵ǳ׵ذеĻͷϾˡ
ͬҲûѡأ΢΢仰ոմħĿ˵ʱͱνǳһ
ԱߵҲǳ˴㵵ɫû뵽ƾȻôһӣ»عҲǹЦ
ã
µħ𼴱вԸ⣬ҲֻҧӦȴһĹơ
ޱ۳һŴ۵췣֮γһСֱָӵû˻ʸ˫С
ʸ˫ӡǽ󣬲ûиоκβʣޱؿһ۷ƣ˲²ⲻ͸еʲô
Сӣ´μʱҵǻҪ˭ܹȵ㣡ŷưӡǴ˻ʸ˫ڣҲɭһЦ
ħڶǿߵע£ɵ뿪ǰÿһǿߵɨӶͺԼһ㡣
ŰǣٶȻ֮ʣǵڣ
ͬһʮɽϵػħǰŭÿ˵ĵ涼һɺ⡣
ħ뿪ˣڶǿߣ¶Ǳպһһǻ˭ֵܹ
ͬʮɽվڶǿߣûһ˵ǳĬһε飬νǸı½ơ
Ժۣ


2153 ̯
վڵ۵ķ֮ϣĿĵΧҲĪظ̾û뵽½ͷ֮һ۾ϡ
ȻǰŮشħ𣬵һеΪԼĳ֣·
վڷƵԱߣͬҲǳĬ˾վţЩǿƺҲڵȴʲôû뿪
ΪǼɵħʱ򱨸
ƣڽ飬ʲôĬһ£ҲǿڵϾħ𻹲һжԶԶûн
еǿ߶ǼԺɣǲԸĻҪԳеħ𣬵ʱǻҲ鷳ΪһħɵһλǿߣǿǺܲ
ƻصְ취֪ܶǿһҲǲԸ⣬еǣǿˣҲûа취ħشڼ䣬ᰲȫ㣬һأһħָԪùıȻǡ
÷ô˵Ҳǵͷһİ취ϾħǱв̫޴ˡ
תЩʣǿ߽֣Ȼ˵ǼԺһ취ȴ޷ǿǼ룬ѡ
Ժ벻쵣ıħϣں쳾֮Упܻᱻħϣʱ㷢ʲô飬ԺҲ޷ʱ֡
˳ϵǣ󲿷ֶͬ˼ԺֻмǺջûмԺѡ䡣
Щ˴󲿷ѡԺΪ⣬һ룬ҲȻϾ½ԺһҶǰŵۺԺ棬Իƺ⣬ǰȻ䣬û˹ܡ
ǼܾԺǿߣڶ෬޹Ҳ̾Ϣһһһħǣ
ź⼸˾ֱ뿪һζ˵ͦԿģħĻǽ⿪ϢӡҪԸƣȴû뵽ľ
Ŀ⼸˵ȥҲתŷƵ߰ɣȻԺ
Ƶ˵ͷŻеĻԹȥİŮӣòôؾɫĪʹ࣬һжΪԼ
ڣҲֻܹǼԺ֮еźµӡǣܹԼҵƺðŮӵơ
ΪʱŮȹ̣һʱ֮仹Σգǻôһֱػȥʱһˣ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô顣
׼ת뿪֮ʣϰԵɨһȦͬһʮɽͻȻüͷƺѰʲô
ôˣ𿴼ģҲһ㶣ĪǷƷʲô
˻Χһжͬ棬۶ˣ˵ʲôС
СϢ
ƶȻ˫Ϊϲص
С𣿡ʱüͷʥڵǸǰѰҵĺô
壬ʥҲ˽ҲѺԺջ޼ա
ʱٶ˾Ǵ˵еĺ岻ʥ¶ϲɫִ˵еʣҲδʶȴ˺⣬ûغֹУҲδ˷֡
ԣҸܵϢû΢֮дһ˿ϲСȻûе㳬ϡ
ΪСѾħʩչ򻯴֮ϣȴû뵽ܹ
е㽹æ׷Ѱʵ
ϸϸظӦһСʱϢղҲһ˲䱻Լ׽Ƭ̺󣬷ָĳһλá
Ӱ±ֱӵر˷ָλãɵһ£һʯ
ĪǱѹ棿뵽ҲûκλɣȻ˵ǱȻڡ
£±ǰʯ忪һɫâҫõһ
ɫâûκ˺ҲһСذǿʣʯǿһɫӼ
Լؿ͸ɫӼ濴һСӰУƺѾԹȥˡ
壬ûʣ߲һĻҲǾסˡ
壬һ¾ǵڶˣֻҪɳһ޵еĴڣ
¶˾ģζҪԺ
ȥɣʶڰŮӻԹȥ󣬵һ¶˵Ц⡣


2154 طԺ
ڵ۵ķ֮в˻֮еС𣬷ƺ𣬳ڿҲǴСԺ
÷ΪԾǣʱС𣬾ȻѾǽӽʥ׵Ϊһ󣬲ҲǸоԾ
Ʋ½㲻꣬СȴǴһûаΪӵͨˣһԾΪʥףεʣΪչνһǧҲΪ
Ҳȷ㽫СΪӵĴ㣬壬һպ»ὫǶ䣬ܵС
÷Ƹоϧľǣһ֮ҲǾرݻ٣˵ǿߣǵʥҲǳ׵
Ϊ۱״ݻ٣ƻڵûйںԼԴѰҵðŮѹİ취
֮һȺĴ֮£ǺƺƵػص侳Ժͬʱʥ֮ҲǿʼӴ֮޵ۣ
յ۵飬Ҳڳ䴫ܶ˶𾪵ţһЩԶǰʮɽʱȴûһܹǲԺЩ˸ɱˡ
վǵ۵ħڶǿ߶ǾնɱԺǽģ֮ԱȫΪħΪ
Ϣ֮䶼ǻȻǰһЩڵµҲǷ׷ͶԺ£˵Ҳ𽥱
գڱŰŮӻصԺ֮УóԺһơ
񴲣
ΨһЧþǣȹ꣬ȻŮ飬˭Ҳûᷢʲôóϣ԰Ůȹסꡣ
ŮϣȻһʱ䶼ûѹȻǰȶ࣬Ҳ÷һ
ʱ棬ƺÿ춼ǳԺĲ棬ϵڶǿµ濴ûѰҵõصĽȰ취
ϧķ˰£ƺûκջ񣬶棬Ҳûκιڻʸ˫Ϣ
ƺǳƶһħλںηÿһζ޷ɹڤڤ֮һε
֪ʸ˫ˣ
ƺ˶Ժĸ棬վڻԱߣңԶ̾
᲻ѾʥһµϾ¶ȥˣȴûаڻʸ˫Ϣ
ᣬҿԸӦһڵӡǻڣħûж֣ƺǰҲҡҡͷڻʸ˫ڵһӡǣʱ̿ظ֪ڣȴ޷ȷ䷽λһ㼴Ҳ˼⡣
ҵǵľħִӶָԪȻʥ۷壬Ͼʸ˫壬Ѱźܴһħɵ²ɵһλ벽ۣ
ƽüͷһֱʳѰŮӵĻûеõκεĽ취ʸ˫һȥħ䲻
ħκε֮ģŮǿߣƴԻҲûа취ʰ
һָԪٳȻضǿ֣ô½˭ܹ
İɣħǵƣûһǾ޷ԭģʱв»ֱҲҴ߶ǰ𻺻ص˽⡣
һĻҲ˵ǻаʱ䣬棬Ҳټôͱѹɫ𽥵أµ²Ҫġ
е취ʥҲǵһЦ
ʲô취
Ҳһ㶣Ҳǲ⻹ʲô취˶ǲ²ⲻ͸ʥ˵ʲô
ǾɵۣʥЦ
ɵۣƿЦҡҡͷ˵򵥣ȴϼѣأӿֵܹ֮֮ͬ꣬ɵ۵мˣ
仹£ҪɵۣҪǰҪֹ
ڲǴԲľ磬ȻһҲ֪벽֮ͬƳһʥͬҲվżߣҪȥɾش̸ۣס
ʱܹɵۣǾܹĽʱ𣬻ڶǿߣܹӳΪٿ౻ѹڰ벽۵ľ磬һħҲżʤ㡣
ʥƵĻҲǿЦƳɾͰ벽۲ŶãɾͰ벽˶ãȴվͬһȽϡ


2155 
ڷƵֵʱ½ڤ֮ɭȴʱſµĺ
Щͬħһ㣬˶ĵ׷ڤ֮ɭյأһ㲻ʲôóȻ롣
̾ĵطڶΪǿ֮⣬֣Ȼǰڤ֮ɭͱòƽ
ÿ춼кһֿµʱֳû֪⾿ʲôԭ
طڤ֮ɭͻ֪ԭħǶط
ħѡڤ֮ɭΪ²⵽Լǿ߶²öҲ֪ƶ
ƶһĻлʸ˫ʱĻʸ˫ĶԽԽ࣬ʱ䣬¶ĺҲҪˡ
Ȼ֮󣬱ֱӵڤ֮ɭûн⿪ڵĽҲûзߣǽ
ûжԻʸ˫֣Լļƻ뿪֮ʣ˵Ҫ˶ҪΪ˸ۡ
ʸ˫棬ÿ춼ͬһţħŲʣûܹ뿪ڵ⿪ͬˡ
ȻĶԽԽжҲԽԽ㣬ħʼʩչԼĸƻ
ڤ֮ɭħǻƣȴǰ࣬ӸµؿŻʸ˫¶һĨɭȻЦݡ
Ҫʲôʸ˫ɫƽȻûаΪܴ֪ħɱҲ뿪ȻԼô
ʱ䣬㻳̥ҲʮˣǸҲҪˡħһĨ
Ҫʲôʸ˫ɫһŭħ𣬹ȻͬԼϣħıͼԼС
ʲôҪôħһЦѶĹ֮ҾͰߣִħҸĳ˾Ƿƣ
㡭ħ˵ʸ˫Ҳһ˲˹ƺúݶȻ÷ԵĹպɱô
İɣһĺӺúõظϣȻ񹦣ʮ󣬾ͻ½֮ϣ˵Ƿƽնɱˣٸ߷ƣɱԼĶӣ˵ƻʲô飿ħ״Ц
ҾԲɹģʸ˫ɫҪŬվǶӾȻǿʼЩʹͷ亹
㣿ƾܹʲôǿӵĺüֵΪ㻹ܹôħЦ
ʸ˫Ҫ˵ǸʹԽԽǿң˶ɫ԰ףֻǲϵŶӣſ̬ǳࡣ
״ħҲһ㶣ҲǿЦ˻ʸ˫ʱƺҪˣʱȥˣ
ƣ͵ŰɣҪĺɱȻһӶʹ֮УħЦ
Ȼʱʸ˫о˶Ҫȥһ㡣ӴĸʹʹʲôҪһ㣬崫˺һʹ
ħԱҲֻ߶ڵȻʸ˫ѺŻʸ˫ĽкԽԽҲԼһĨ
ʸ˫ܲˣôˣô죿֮£ħҲֻסʸ˫һѡ
ħֱӵؿס˻ʸ˫Ȼ󲻶ϵشһ˻ʸ˫֮С
һȽ΢һħҲ»ƻʸ˫ڵĽƣʱɺأ޷̫
ħİ£ʸ˫ҲǸо࣬ϵشŴ棬һСҪϡ
ۣ
һĿȻ󣬻ʸ˫Ҳʧȥһ㣬ֱӵڵϣͣش
ǸеģħҲɭЦ
Ҫ㲻ܰߣʸ˫ʱҲǻعرħĴȣۣħһСô͵Ҫ
ߣҲûκôˣϧɱ㣬ȻɵҲһλ벽ۣħЦֱӵߵʸ˫˾ͱС뿪
Ҳɱ㣬ǽ𣡡ħ֮ǰЦڤ֮ɭ˻ʸ˫Լһˡ
ʸ˫ֻؿħԼĶ뿪ȴֻǲϵᡣ
Ȼʱһ˿תǰħڵ


2156 ƽ
һ˿תʸ˫˶ǻһΪһûɢԼ֮С
ʸ˫֣תԼڵĽ𽥵ɶͬϣһ
ûκγɣʸ˫ֱӵر˫ϵڵһϢתħǰµĽƣǴڵ֮С
һһεسƣȴûκεýɶħµһԽԽ
ѵҲ޷ƽôʸ˫кòϣһӾϨˣŬҲ޷õڵһƸƵ
ȻʱڵһȴȻתʸ˫һǱϳˣǷԼڵ췣֮
Ƿϴµӡǣʸ˫ɲֻ֮£췣֮ϵתǲϵسŵڵĽơ
Ҳǲ˼ֱӵصڵһ췣֮ĶȴСһ췣֮ڡ
ϾⲻԼƻ췣֪֮ܲܳƽƣҲֻǿһԣ
ϲǣһ췣֮ȻЧڵĽڲϵر
ʱǷƻħӦƶȻ̧ͷҲһ¡
ʲô£𿴵˷ϵһĨأΪǷʲô顣
ʸ˫ڵһӡƺзӦˡ΢΢սȭͷ
ԣʥһۣҲǳĬǴħʼԻʸ˫֣Ӷ˷µӡǡ
΢΢ر˫ڤڤ֮Ӧһ췣֮ڲϵز޷ȷλ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ʋ˫һĨɵɫܷ˴ӡǡ
Ⲣ췣֮ˣƺԼЩ췣֮ƳһµԼǲʲô顣
ܲͨѰҵλãʥʵ궼ȥˣûаϢе㲻Ѱ
ûа취ڤڤһҵ׷٣ȻԸӦȴ޷ȷλáͷ
ʱָһ㣬ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬඼ȥʮ°ɣʸ˫ĹҲ࡭
ôһ˵Ҳʱ㣬ʱǻʸ˫¶ʱˡ
ȵȣ˵޷Ӧõĵط½жٸĵطʱһһֱĬȴǿʧе
ƣʥǰֵط½ϣҲΪټܹ벽ǿ̽ӵĵطûжٸ
˵ʥɵɫ²⵽˵ĵطָҲ˷ơ
ڤ֮ɭҧطҲʮϤڤ֮ɭӶڶǿ߶ԼĿӣƶ
ûкܴĿܣϾҲ֪ƶڤ֮ɭѡ档
²˳٣ھ͸ϹȥغһҲǲ˵ķӦֱӵػһâʧʣڤ֮ɭ
˼ķƣҲһۣҡͷЦⲻַܹƳ嶯Ͼʸ˫ǻԼĹ⡣
ڷƸڤ֮ɭ;Уʸ˫ҲǴͻƽƵĽҧͷħܵ˽Ƶ춯Ҳûж룬Ϊǻʸ˫ܵ޵ϮѾǻ޸еʳǰеСкߣһ˭Ҳ֪ĵط
䣡
ʸ˫Ժһ죬嶸ȻһƬ̺˫н̺ˮ
ͬһھ֮Ĵڣʸ˫Ȼᡣ
ٶȻˣ
ħҪɱ㣡
ڤ֮ɭȻش˻ʸ˫Ǳ䳹ǵŭԼΪ䵽˵ز
ԼΪԼٲǿ޸죬ǶԼӣ
ʸ˫վһΧطܶڤ֮ɭҲŹʥǿ߳ûҲʮֵΣա
ҧһ·򣬻ʸ˫ֱӵ뿪ڽѾҲٶȻָСĵ뿪ﻹпԵġ
Ȼڻʸ˫뿪֮ԼĪʱҲǸϵˡ


2157 ٷڤ֮ɭ
Ƴڤ֮ɭ·һƬɫ಻ļžɭ֣ȥƺƽȴ֪棬ǿޣʥǿóȻ룬Ҳһܹ
ڰ֮У΢΢ر˫ɨӶ鲼ڤ֮ɭҲٶȸܵһ赲͸롣
Ȼ
ƶȻ˫ۣȻ޷ڤ֮ɭȴǲ׽һ˿ϤȻħģ
Ƹоһɲ𽥵ؼȻѾ뿪һʱ䣬оɲĪԼĵǰ뿪ˣ
еɻ󣬷ƽڤ֮ɭΪ벽۵ǿͷŶڤ֮ɭһЩ޲ĵҲûϾ벽ۺʥ׿ǲһ
ƺܿǰƶڵĵطʱȴ΢΢üͷƺǷһЩʲô
ħĲлʸ˫ģ
ͬҲǸܵ˻ʸ˫Ŀռ䲨ȻѾ˵ʸ˫Ѿǽ⿪ԼڵĽơ
뵽ƲɵøԺħĸԣôǰʸ˫⿪أ
ǣô룬ҲõľǰۣѰһڤ֮ɭҲûз˵ӰƺѾȫ뿪
ʱҲǷܹѰҵõʸ˫ͷȻ˶Ѿȥһʸ˫ڵһӡҲʧȥټƺˣѰҵõ
ʱվһ®ǰǰƶסĵطȴһֱδȥ¼Ȼˣвɵøһ˿ġ
ƿ˲®ľţȥ˵һۿȴһƬǽ壬ȻǱ˺ҷһΡ
ģӦþħƺѰʲôƿ˵Ųƿƿ޹ʲôģװһЩҩȻʱȴȫѹһգʶ֪Ǳħߡ
ֱʱ򣬷Ʋ֪ΪʲôħѡصΪ֪ƶ϶һЩղΪܹͺĳǿߣȻ۲ƣΪƶͽܵ϶ҲǼΪ
ħƵõһĺת΢΢̾ϢһڵϿڶƿޣһЩҩƣһ֪ǷƷʱȴϴһ飬ʲôû¡
ҡҡͷƶӣݵǽ壬ҲΪƶ̾Ϣھһʱĳǿߣ³ȴ˵ؿɱԼͽɱҲð
Щƿƿ޹ʲôȫںãʱע⵽ϻҵɢһЩ鼮ʱ˳߿ȥһܣ鼮
һĻжȻһƶźĳǿߣ᲻һЩ귽ļأ
뵽ҲһⲢǲûܣƶó֮
Ҳǿʼעؽϵ鼮һһȫطŻ棬ȻԼҲǿʼоЩ鼮
ƶǹھһʱڵĳǿߣЩ鼮Ȼûм˶طȴǼƶһЩĵá
ڷָǳΪ˰벽۵˵ЩĵñʼǣһһʺܴĲƸԼǰƬصֱ֪Ǿ֮ܡ
֮磬ǰһֱȫ¶ֻ֪ǴԼ֪֮֮
ǿľ磬ƶ֮Ҳûжأֻ޵֮ϣǴ˵֮еĳ
񣬲򵥣ľ磡û˴ﵽ˿ٳصλ񣬵Ҳǽڴ˵֮С
ػҲ֪ǹȥ˶ã𼴱ͻƣҲһЩĴڳΪ𣬵ȴû˵ܹ
ЩǴʱǷȱģһʱ֮䣬ϵطƶļأһ˺ü졣
ЩϼصĸͬһĴţо˵档
֪ƾͲཫϵ鼮ǿһ飬ȴǴûпһеơ
ϵһ飬һƤžźɫ˿סȥƽ
ȻкʧǽƤžõУȻеʱбһ
нƣ¶֮ɫȻžԼ򵥡


2158 ת굤
ֵƤž±ֱӵظоŽƵ£вɻ
ŰǶûбµƣȻ͵һƤž˽ơ
ԿƤžһЩƶҲò˽ơ
ħȻȻĿЩҩûע⵽ЩžҲδע⵽Ƥž
ƤžһȻؽ̽ȻƤžһɫ˿
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮һѸٵطǷҲǲɵһӲسһƵķɡ
ҵϴķɲǺǿֻǸоڵϢһںҲûʲô󰭡
ȴǽüͷΪղƽнӴҲ֪һҪǿгƵĻ»ķɣʱ˵ԼС£Ƥžǻٵ
Ƥžصй귽ģԼһʱ嶯ٵƹƻڣԵҲǲ˿
гƬ̣Ҳһֵİ취Ǿǻһơ
һƶѰҪƽ⣬»ҪѵǶ˵ֻҪķѵʱ伴ɡ
Ϊ췣֮ǿƻܹǡҪƽĽƣҪֻʱ䡣
뷨Ҳ׼ж˫һϸС췣֮۳ͣȻƤžĺɫ˿

һϸ΢죬һ췣֮ûɫ˿֮УһȴûκεķɣΪƽ췣֮һ޵ĳ̶ȣȲ̫Ҳ̫ǿ˽Ƶķɡ
һ̣ںɫ˿ı棬һȦ췣֮ǲϵػһȦ
оһȦĳ֣˶ǽزԼһ˿Ĵ⣬ôͻ˽ƵķɣӶƤžǳ׵ػٵ
ҲƶµһֶΣֶζ޷ƽ⣬ôõžˣҲûǸʸȥ֪صĶʲô
ʱƣɫ˿ֶĹȦ𽥵ر䵭Ƶǿʼ΢΢Ϊ֪ܿͿԽ⿪Ľơ
ž
ǹȥ˰ʱ֮󣬴һ죬ɫ˿Ǳֱӵؽ⿪ް
ƻ˫ӹһĨ΢ЦǰѾԶѵĺɫ˿Ҳһ
ĽƣѾǱ췣ֱ֮ӵ
ŽƱƤžҲԶش򿪣ƤžȻ滹ƶࡣ
ƤžԶظڰ֮Уֶɢ貵Ĺâͬÿһֶص
ת굤
ƿʼ֣ȻҲһ㶣Լƴˣȷһֹļأȴһֵҩҩѡ
ҡҡͷҲ˼ʧƱԿ飬˳ÿһֿȥܿӱǱҲ͸¶Щϲ
ת굤һֺܾǰѾʧҩƶһֵҩطҲûм֪ƶ˲յأǿߵĹѨǽһֵҩҩռ֡
ֵҩΪת굤һʮֶصĹЧǾ꣡
һʱ򣬷еĿϲҲβס̲סЦԼҪѰҵĶ
ת굤԰꣬ǿԸոսŮӵôǺܿıסˡ
Ϊصľת굤ǿΪֵģһ꣬ҲΪ߼ķʽ԰꣬ǵҪĲϣǷƿһֻۣԲԼܹġ
λľѪλľѪоʮֶ޵ľѪԼһЩûмĶ
һֱӱԵǾλľѪһ
ʲôЦأҲʣһλħһλȥҾλ𣬾УľѪҲܹõõġ
ģҲԶˣΪҪֱӿǹƿػҩ
꣬꣬꣬ػ֣꣬طľת굤࣬ȻҲֻǶǰ˵
ҪһųĲ嵥ҲǸоԴ󣬾λľѪλ۵ľѪһϡҩݡ


2159 
ƿеƤžҲЦҪƾת굤»Ҫ׼ܶණһʱƬ֮£Ҳ޷ɡ
ҲһϣϾԺʵ˵˵λ;λóһؾѪҲѣĲϣԷƵļʶҲδ˵ֻæˡ
ƽһ¼飬ƽƤžպãЯ֮֮ɨһȦûĶ֮Ҳ뿪®
ڤ֮ɭ֪࣬վڲ®Ŀյأһʯһ̣ڰӸռһߣȥһо֡
Ƴо֣Ҳ΢΢ǰԼħǿ׷ɱǰ꣬Լƶ˰塣
棬ƴһЩƶָ£Ҳչ٣ΪʥȰ벽֮еĴԲǿȡ
Ƴһ֣Ҳ̾Ϣһⲻǰ꣬˷ǣ½Ķǿ֮һƶ𣬾ˣԼͽУ֪ɱǿɰ
ȻôһƳ÷˶סˣΪڰֵİڷλã΢΢
·Ʊϸع۲̣ԽԽƺ̺ĳְһʱ֮δ͸
ųâ¶˼ɫղŵһۿ̵ʱԼһ·ʲôԼһ
ر˫سԺ֮Уϵؽ㣬ͼѰҳղһ
Ϊ־磬Ҫٽһͻƣǽ͵ǽԼϵµľͷ
ΪÿһλۣһּµҪɾʹۣҪԼϵһ¡
Ժ֮УڰɫӲϵرλãȻȴûаͬղԼ˸ĸܣ꼻һ֡
ŬسԼĪ죬ƻûκջҲֻҡͷȻȻǿ
Ȼ˫ʱͻȻǰ̣ѾǷЩı仯ǰźܴ
·ɵͬһȹ֮£һΪӡ֤Լ룬ٶȱƬ̺ʱǰһ䡣
ֱǰδţԼǰİ棬δʱͻȻ뵽ƶ֮ѡڤ֮ɭӣѵǴ˵ʲôأ
ͬʱҲˣڤɭ֣ǲһµ󷨣ϢֻҪڤ֮ɭôǿҪӦ޷Ӧõ
һ㣬һֱ벻ףҲʹ𣬲ԷҲǲϾ½ǺһЩطĹŹ֣Ҳ
˼ǣƽüͷ̧ͷŻɵգڤ֮ɭΪ󷨵ת濴棬ͬͬ硣
Ƶ建գȻȴһ֮ϣյʱѾڤ֮ɭķΧ
վڰ֮УעŵµһƬ಻ڤ֮ɭͻȻһ֮ϵһȴǴһЩϢ
ӷֲٶȷ˱仯ʱ򣬷ƿ·ڤ֮ɭ
ܿ죬Ǳ΢𣬶Ȼ˫Ȼˣ
ԭͲ²⵽ˣطƶѡĵطڴ˵أ·ܣ
ЩȴһֱţԼҲδ֣ħ𵱳ʱҲûзֵһܡ
̣Ǳ鲼ڤɽ󷨵ĹؼĶֻע⵽̵ı仯ܹǲ²⵽һЩ顣
ò˵һ̫ˣƶһҲûз̵İط˵أżһƳҲûټо
󷨵ı仯һһؼŰʱ֮糾ٶȽ䣬ص̵Աߡ
ƣһöӣȻԺ֮ƶϳĹ켣£ֵһĻˣŰ£ٶȷ˱仯
˼
΢΢һЦҲȷԼģٶһö£Ȼܹоõ̵ı仯סڤ֮ɭҲǷ˲˼ı仯
䣬ϵӣÿһ£ű仯һж֮Уźܿ죬ڤ֮ɭƺͻԼǰ
ֻҪƽ֣ɣ


2160 ڰƶ
ʱĲƣµٶҲǲϵر죬Լǲǵó֮жˡ
ʱʱ̣ѾǺڰӲϵɱȻǷӣӣҲûзֳʤ
գγ֮ƣȻȴɫӣôߣҲ߲ɫӵİΧ
𽥵ʣжȻʣԼز²⵽صľʲôڰ״ƶԭˡ
ž
ƽһöµʱ򣬷ҲǳһֱڣҲǱԼƽ⣬ҲԼز²⵽صʲô»Ҫд֤ʵ
̧ͷɫѾǱû谵֪ѾǶִ˽ӽһ죬ҲǸ̾
䣡
ȻʱԱߵһյأȴǻزһѺֶָƬһڵͨ𽥵γɡ
һĻҲ΢΢ɫϵƽᷢһЩ仯ȴû뵽Լǰһͨµͨ
£ƲɵÿӣվںɫͨԱߣ¿˹ȥؿһúɫʯ̵ĳ¥ݣһֱȥ
ԷƵҲδܹףͨж೤ˡ
ͻȻֵͨƿʼ˼˳ȥ˵ܹ֪ĶǷԼ²ǰ㡣
ͬԼ²⣬ôһȥ»ʮֵΣգΪҪԵĿһǿĴڣ˵һƶ
ʼƽֵʱʼоͷƽ⣬ͷҲ𽥵رȷ
Ǿ·ģƶһ꣡
׼ȷ˵ƶһ棬ƶ֣֮ÿ˶ֽȻͬԸȻƶȴǽԼԸֳǽԼڶһסˣ
ģնɱһƶֻһ룡ʣһ룬ͱ档
ҡҡͷƴʱҲǺԻ󣬱ûв²ĵƶó޵֮Ҳ͸¶һЩϢҪľǣȥ֤ǷͬԼ²һ㡣
ɫֹһĨɣҧҧǾȥ̽һһ˵ʲôΣգʱΪ˵˵УܹԱ㹻ġ
ҪһǣҪ˽⵽ھת굤飡
ƶʣµľһаһ꣬ͬҲӵͬļ䣬ԼһС
뵽ɫҲǸһĨأ΢΢̧۳һ췣֮ɵâ
ţ̤˺ɫʯ֮Уһһš
д۵âЩâޱߵĺڰ֮У߶Ǳࡣ
ںɫ֮ͨУɫޱأԴ̤˺ɫ֮ͨ󣬱Ǹоһȫںڰ硣
ӵ룬Ѿңңɼˣʯ֮вûзκεΣգ֮С
Ϊһ֣һص󷨣ƶסܹ꣬ƽֵĶߣʲôģҲ޲
Ҳǲ֪Լ˶ãɫʯͬûоͷһϵţֻͨǳصĺԼ΢ĽŲڻţؿ¡
ȴǺη壬ȻҲΪƶֱʸеˣһͨ죬Ͳ֪ķѶʱ䣬Ȼڤ֮ɭѰܹ룬Ҳ˵һͨƶԼķʱɣ
ҡҡͷ֪ƶľٶʲôԽˣоԽ
ͻȻƱͣס˽ŲӶ˶ͻȻŵһִ̱ǵ⣬еģ۾Ǳ̼
ң
΢΢ɫͻȻ鼮֮عص׵޾֮һƬڵҽЩҽ¶ޱȵؿ£ϵǰ벽۽֮УҲʮ
ѵѾߵ˵صôҲǱһ̫ˣƶȻǿٳһӵͨͨô
ѵĽסһꣿ
ٶǰ߽һʱ䣬֮Уִ̼ʵҲԽԽŨңʱҲܹܵƺǱ
ǰһ䴦ͨеâ緢ˣȻתȥʱ򣬶ȻӭһˣΪʲô״
ָоʧȻӳȴһƬȵĻɫ
⡭˫۵ɴƺǿ˲˼һ㡣


2161 ޾
ڷǰһƬ಻ϵĻ⣬ϸһȴһƬһ޼ʵĻ
ʱ򣬷ƲǷ֣ԭ֮󣬾һһС͵ʯ̨ԼǴʯ̨Զ·һƬɫҽ
ɨӶΧ׹һƲö£˴󲿷ֵҲʱ򣬸޷ֱһ֮󣬲Ǳȵ
һƺûʲôӰ죬Թˣؽֻһ˵á
ǷȴǽޱȣƶǺεϧķྫһֱµͨǼ򵥵һƾͿԣ
пܽһ꣬ô붼򵥣ҲΪˣû˿صģǸӵؽ
ǰֵĽƣģҲûд㽫ƽ⣬ΪǵֱǼ֮ԼóȻƽ⣬»ܴ鷳
΢˫ǰһƬɫâһƬҽһ޼ʣҲ޷š
ѵƶԼһӡ޾Ļ֮У૵
ȻΪͨޣ޷õҰ޵֮УһƬϷҽͬһһӿޱȵؿ¡
֮ǴǰҲóȻؽҽ֮УУ
гƬ̣ƻ̤ڵķΧǸоһɾ˵
ͬϵ·ҪŻһ㣬һȵĸоѸٵĵ鲼ȫ÷ƵɫѸٵرó졣
߾
һȣڵ췣Ѹٵ鲼ȫ췣֮ĳ֣˶ʱǼࡣ
Ƿüͷ壬Ϊɫɳ죬ڵȸлڣ޷Լڲһ㣬еɻ
췣֮İӦÿԼЩȵϢǴʱȴͬûκЧһ㡣
΢΢ر˫ԼеľȴǾ㵵ط֣֮в֪ʱ𣬶һȵԼ״̬
𶾣
ʱ򣬷ƵôһͷҲǻȻԼȣҪָо˻𶾵ô
𶾣һ㶼ֻڼΪȵĵطͬǿ֮ж̺żΪȵϢһ룬֮УƤë׶
˻ʲô⣬һ۵ıȽ϶࣬Щ𶾾ͻһӾͱ˶ʹ಻ʱ䳤ĻΪصľǻֱӵشڲʼգֱޡ
ֻ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ򵥣ҪǷƸղŽʱһеˣ޾Ļ򣬿̺֮ΪµĻ𶾣Ƭ̣ЩڷڵĻ𶾱Ѿʼ
ȻѾѰҵڣҲЩ𶾼ΪѾԼľҪ»ûһʱڵĻֱӵرƳЩ𶾣ô鷳
Ѿ˰Ůӵڣ꣬ʱҪ𶾣»һЩֶΡ
췣֮
˫ѸٵؽӴһӡڷƵڿʼһƼΪ췣֮ͬһСһ㣬ʼϵԼ֮Ĵߡ
ʱ⣬ͬҲ췣֮γϣ赲˿֮еĻԼ塣
ڲ췣֮ѸٵʣĻ𶾣ʱƣƵɫǺܿػָ֮ɫ
ȻЩҪ˷ƵҲٴ˾裬ǰһֱΪԼƾŰ벽۵ΪʲôӦˣҲֱܹӵ뿪һ֮˻𶾣΢΢һѡ
ҪĿɲˣһУ
ۣ
͵ſ죬һѪһѪȻǺ˵ĺɫ
һѪ̺Ļ𶾣ѾǱرƳȻҲûκεв
һںɫѪֱӵص䵽·޾֮Уû£ֱӵرٻˡ
̧ͷ֮ɫ뿪˺ɫͨӶôһյʯ̨վʯ̨֮ϣƾĿӣǽ޾С
𺳵ĳΧһ޼ʵĻ𺣣һƬҽʱʱһκˡ
ֻЩҽı̺ͬſµɵ
ƶ𵽵ôѰҵط̫ˣʧصȻȴǲ֪޾Ȼһ˫


2162 ص
վʯ̨ϣɨӶΧ˵ؿ²Լǰɣƶһ֮⣬Ӧû
½֮ҲкܶطϤģӦ˵ȶδȫϤ硣
ΪдյĺΪ½ع򣬲֮䡣
ֻǣЩǨƹͨΪ˼Ŵžͳ˺ٳ硣
ڿǵҽ磬ӦԶ˵أȴˣƾת굤һϣΪڼ֮أֶ綼δ˵ΪʱعȥһЩǰֹĶڣɲһС
ԷƲдעðգȷϹƶĲ֮⣬һ޾ҽǷŻĳ֡
ΰŮӿ̲ݻħѾʧʥǴڴԲľ磬˭޷ȷԼʱͻơ
ͷͻƵĻصĽͻᱻ忪ЩεĽȻҲǿûЧ
Ǹʱ򣬴ۣ𣬶һֱѹƣطԶŵʢ
ʱ赲ħˡ
ħǶ޷Ѱҵһڰˣһǵȴŷƺʥ֮һͻơ
񲻶ϵȵҽ֮ɨӶƿһԼµʯ̨ûԼʲôֵ󷨣ֻһͨʯ̨
ȷʯ̨ûκʱ򣬷Ʋ̤ȥһ·ϣʱʱĻ˳÷ƶܶеǱ
Ȼ˵ȴһƬţûаزԽˣԽ÷Ƽɵղһ˻𶾣ŵ
Ȼȴ֪ҽ֮£һ˫۾ʼնһֱڰһ㣬ȴûа㷢
ΪһƣԼӡǣҲʧֻһֱزǰߡ
֨
Ȼʱ򣬼ž޾ҽȴǿʼһƣв˵ɫý
ৣ
ɫ΢䣬æǵͷһһ˶Ȼ緢Ϊо˼ǣڻ֮Уһ˫۾
ûκεسɣһе췣֮˲۳һţݺݵһ˺
䣡
һ޴ҲǳѸٵغˣȻһϮͬǽźһ㣬ҽ綼ǿʼˡ
ৣ
һһĻ˳ڷ֮ԶһγɣŵһһģһǣÿһУǿһ˫۾
Ǹоõǳ˼飬޾ҽ֮УȻŻŵ
һһȥһȺ
Ϊĵ黹ǷˣҽĻ֮Уһֿµ
ûв²ĻȵһƣԵĲЩԼ̤ĵһʱ䣬¾ͱ֪ˡ
ȴΪ̵ʱŻϮ
뵽һ㣬Ʋ΢΢̧ͷҪôԼǽӴأһǣǰһЩ˲õĶЩһֱػԼ˴˵أǷ
Ǻ߻˵һ㣬ǰߡɫ΢΢ǲϵ˺󣬶Ż˵Ϯ
ȻŷԽԽ룬ûе˴ӵ³ÿһ֮жһ
ƲκдһӷϮڣЩﶼûаԼģ¶һֱڻС
ϮٶҽУԸǣҲǸûлᡣ
ƽüͷֻǲϵغˣԽԽֺɫҲǱøѿ
Ϊܹõ޾ҽ£ۼԽԽϮһ֮ҲһֱβԼͼѰŵڶϮĻᡣ
ৣ
ʱǱͲƽҽ磬ʱʼƬ𽥵ذЩӶĻ˲ûٶȵӿ֡
΢΢վڰ֮Уȴ΢΢һ㶣·Ҳǲ²ⲻ͸ô¡
䣡
Ȼʱһ޴죬ҽ֮бһǰδеľ޴˶Ȼس˷Ƶ·
ЩɫüΪѿЩ֮ϵϮ¾Ϊ˵һ̣
һ˾޴˵صľ൱ǸȺǿߣ


2163 
һֻӲӲһĻײһƸо췣֮ҲǸоһ־˵¶ȴ
䣡
ҽ綼Ǻݺݵһ£֣÷ľѣͷʵԲ
Ҳ˵ͷصûĽ²Ϊۣ
в컹죬ɫ΢΢رսڣе췣֮Ѹٵ۳߳߳ս⿪棬͵һǰնȥ
ֱӵرӿȥݺݵײһˡʱ˱Ǳи洫һƺʹ
䣡
˱һնϣͬһ㲻ϵ£ʱҲΪ·ҽҲ𽥵ƽ
ɣֵزΪ͵ϮôɢȥеâɨӹΧ֪ղųֵһﻹ⸽
֮ҽһˣ۳
һĻı仯Ҳ࣬ɨӹҽʱ򣬱ǿֻ˿۳ͨĴڡ
һͷ޾ҽ֮һͷƶ˵ת뿪
ЩװŪİϷûãһҽͷǸ
꣡
һϸ΢죬Ȼͬһ㣬һҽͷͻȻѿһ޳Ӱشиֶ
Ӱȫɫͬǻ۶һ㣬࣬ͷȴ˫ǣһЩ졣
ڷǰһͷȻ壬һ÷Ҳǲ첻ѣȫûмڰ½ϣҲû˵ƵĴڡ
ö˵Ļüͷ̽ʵ
֨֨֨
صﲻͣط̶ŷָֻţȻƸԷ˵ʲô
ɫָֻ֨֨ţüͷ壬޷
֨֨֨
ǰɫӰڱȻһ£ûκξٶƺҲǷŭˣӴ̶
˽⣬ǰͷ˼Լ뿪Ȼд鷳
ͺˣ˵Ǵһ»ϢȻǲ׵뿪ƶһ궼ûѰҵʹȥʵġ
ҡҡͷȻǰһɫ￴ҡͷøӷŭ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͷ췢һ̶Ľͬڰ֮ͬ˶һ㡣
ţ΢΢üͷǰһҪʲôѵԼ뿪ͼͬǰô
Ȼܿ죬ƱǷ˲Ծĵطǰͷ﷢ХȻԺһѣεĸо

˵忪ʼҡͬʱҲǱ˫ԼͼֿĸӰ졣
ȴǱøˣХ֮£޾ҽҲٶȵر÷
棬ϵһƵӰ֣ҲͬĶ췢˴̶
Ȼеһǲɲһܹ
ʱƵɫѾǱüΪ԰ף϶ѪҺʼ͸û뵽ЩȻӵɱУ
һԶɾ޴ĳʱ񣬿˵궼Ǳɢˣ
ЩʲôƿʼоԺģ𽥵ؾҪʧȥʶһ㡣
ҧ⣬ݵʹʱˣ֪ԼǻѰҳһ취Ǵ޽ҲȲ
ʱһ췣֮Ѿ𽥵رõ֮£˶شһ췣֮ôԵĻпµĻ𶾣
ѵǾ·΢΢һĨЦԼҪԵˡ
ЩƸ֪ͻȻͶ֣һԷ
ǵһƻܹܵˣԼȴԳǧϰٵһ𷢳ʱ᲻ĵز
ʱ﷢ȴһ˲ֹͣͬǱס˲ӣ޷
һ㶣ҲǼѵ˫һɫӰԼǰǳϤĸоԼһ
ƶ񡭡૵صԺĻо׵ԹȥǷƻ֮ǰɫӰסԼ


2164 
źɫӰĳ֣Щͬʮֿ־һ㣬׷ֹͣ˷ѸٵʧٶûҽС
ɫӰ̧ͷ¶һŷƾϤޱȵӣȻƶ
ֻƶȥΪ࣬ǰʶƶźܴĲ˵ǰʶƶǴߣôǰ˵ǣһ˿ɭ
һôҲĪģ
ƶɵؿŷƵȻδƣƶǹͨģһЩȻָƣƵݡ
ƻԹȥҲҡҡͷ΢΢ƳһۣЩʱѾʼʧҲһֱӵشŷʧڴ˵ء
֮еķ;ʶҲЩѣоԼһΪĵطҪ˫Ȼȴûκֻȫóء
״̬£ٶȵĻ֮Уٶ˫ʱ򣬷ԼһƬڵĻ
ৣ
˫ۣȻվԺдĻоҡҡλΣȻǸղЩµĺ֢
ϾЧ̫£ѣǰһЩҲ𽥵ӿ֣ΧĻþãȻ˫ɵ𽥵س𾪡
⡭ⲻͨµͨôԼô
ƴһԺҲǸһɫϤӰɵĪ
ȴƶһ⣬ʵ벻ֵطʲô˴ڡ
е췣֮۶˸΢Ĺâ·ƱǱϳǹ֮Լվܹǽ͸֮⡣
вɣԼͻôȥˣдͷ˹䴦͸ƣٴ䵽޾ҽ硣
ȻƵͫ׽Ϊһʯ̨ϣһɫӰȻԼ֮еһӰصһͬһˣ
Ӱɫ΢䣬̤˽ƣٴν޾֮Уֳһ췣֮˴˵ص޴ڵĻ𶾡
ʯ̨ϣƿɫӰıӰӿһĨϤĸо̽ʵƶǰ
˷ƵһɫӰҲ΢΢һת¶һϤò
Ȼȴû¶ɫΪ֪ʶƶѾˣڳǰĲһ꣬ҷƻǰϸܵһаϢ
СӣԽҶߡϵǣֱӵرǳԼݣŷЦΪɭʣõ÷ƶһĺǶЦ
񡭡ߣֹŤģƺĻôԼǰģ񲻾ô
ܹѰҵ֤ƽ֣㵹Ǻ⡣ߵص
ǰ֪ңӲɵøһĨɵɫ˵ӦһֱûлȥƺԼΪϤӡ
걾Ϊһ壬ûȥ֮ǰ֪Ҷ֪ƺǿ˷Ƶɻ󣬱ֱӵؽ͵
ƶ񡭡Ӧ˵ߣһ壿ʧ˵磬Ҳδ˵
ƶó֮ȴǰһΪȴֹͬڣ̫˼
°ɣҪ֣αصȵڡߵһЦȻ˵Ĺ죬仰ȷʵҪԷƳ֣αصȵ񣬸ղžֱЩ֡
΢΢Ƭ̣ҲǷſеĽʣɶǰĶһһ
˵ɣ֪ʲô̧ͷŷ̹Ȼص
ʲôطЩʲôһ⣬ƺҪһ֪ࡣ
ҽ磬ƺ˵Ϊ޾ԭ½ԭס񡣡߲ؽ͡
޾򣿡૵صֵҲͦУֻ߿˵һȺ½ԭס仰뵽һЩ顣
ûյǿߣ½涼һ޼ʵҽҽ磬Ѱҵ˵ݻΪһ磬ҺҲߵء
ԣһԼƺ𽥵ؽҿЩΪ֪ʷ˵ܹ׷ݵΪңԶ
һǿ


2165 ȥʢ
˵Щ½ԭס񣬶ѡطǽЩѹ޾ĵص֮У
ƽüͷն˵ģԼȷǿ⣬ףʹ𣬻ǲѯһЩҪŪΪʲôԺΪ׵ڶǿߣҪ뿪½½ȫطա
ҪôĻҲ޷ǿʳѡߵһЦûаѷ֮еЩŭС
֪ǵΪҪ뿪磿ޱȣ飬ֻǰĶ߲ŻԼ
Ϊ˶ܣΪ˱һ˿ѪѣҲǱɫʮɭƺô̸⡣
ִ𰸣иӺɣ׷ʹüǿߣȻõĴ𰸶ģɣ͸¶һ־£ڶǿ뿪磬ƺΪ˶ĳЩ
ܣƾ赱ĺ㣬統Уʲôǿ־壬ڶǿ߶һڵһǿ߲𣬴ۣƵЩ
˽ƶڵеҪңԶһʢ
ǿߣصĴۣһ֮ϵǸʢҲǲûڵװһ۶޷֡
ʷֻйһЩģļأֻȣһЩϵŵ֪˸֪ңԶĹȥڹʢ
ԽˣԽǿ־塣ߵ͸¶һЩã˻֮У˵ûǵǸһƽʢ벽۶߹仰Ȼеţ˵ȥ
ڶǿߣȻǸʱ۷һЩǿߣʼ֮̽ΪϵĴڣȴ֪ΪµĶ
̽ʲôƾɵصⲻѲ²õû۷ǿߣȻӵն֮У𽥵˥ϣ𽥵ȥ
һ£ҲǹЦ۷Ĵ˵ȻǸӵ޷̽ǣصյ㣬񣡡
ʣ˶סˣӲɵøһĨ־壬֪νĳ񣬻ǹ
õǸʢһȺվ۷ǿߣ֮Уʼص̽Ǿǳɾ͹
Ĵ˵һֱڣȴû֪һôĴڣ۷ǿ߶
ֻƾеĸоϵ̽Ϊţ𲢷յ㣬ΪǷ𣬶ҪĹ
Ψгɾ͹񣬲ܹĽ֮
ջ֮£ϵǿ߼̽ȻΪµ黹ǻǷˣ̽ĵ·ϣ˼ΪµĶ
ֶû֪ôֵģʲôʱڶǿ߶޷Ȼȴ֣Щޱа񣬿ʼϵһС
ִڣݵĴڣȻȴûһ㣬Ȼ鷢޷صĵز֪ԼҪԵһЩΪµĶ
µǣǷĹȻڱ仯һЩоǵڵʼѹơ
һЩǿ߾֣ǷԼȻ޷ֿµĴڣ֪ط˸ı䣬޷
һΪǿߺճνţǸʢҲޱȾ޵Ĵڡ
ҺóԤԣܹı仯Ժ飬ڶǿߣղý᳹׵ػһнڶǿ֮̽Щڡ
ΪԤԣǿʶԣ׷֣ЩھزȻǸʱ˲Ԥϵı仯ع˸ı䣬˶ֻܹӳ벽۵ľ硣
ʱ򣬺ȴɼԼԤԣüˣ޷ѻˣһ׷߻ͨˣԱѪ壬ٳ½
ǸʢȥѾǹȥʮ꣬ɴڡƽص
ڻɺԤô΢΢̧ͷһĨϷʵЦݿŷơ
һɣֻʵҡҡͷ׷ʵ㻹ûң仯Ĵھʲô


2166 Ҫ
ЩǶġɫüΪȻƺǹȥôҲǲԸЩµĴڡ
ðɡˣֻεʼ磬Ⲣǵһˣ׷ʱ򣬵õĻشˣҲ׼
Ǳӡڴ˵صôͻȻʵŶǿȥ΢ɭӡ
ô²õţҲǹһЦȻڷܹһǺ档
֡΢΢سƽֵʱ򣬱ǿǰΧס˺ӣɫĴߣɫĴŶߣֵıӦΪ˽סԼһ֣ӶµĽơ
ֻ˵һ롣ߵһЦվڷǲ֮У߿ڵĽ֮
ڷƵ֮УȻֱӵش͸˽ƣ÷Ʋɵ˾֮УЩƾȻԶߵģ
ٶȷصĶ߿һɵķЦ˵ǰ㣬֮ǰƵȷΪҶã¹ƶЧ
ǡһɵؿŶߣȻЧôΪλڴ˵أ
ںܾ֮ǰ˵һʱڣƶΪ֮˲Ӷڲһ꣬ҲڵҡԳһЦ
Ϊһ꣬ȫ˸űźܴس룬ƶ߸еȥԼᱻ³ֵȫռðһֱӵؽԼڵֻǽһѹ޾Ļ֮С
ΪʲôҪѹڴ˵أƳʵ޾ȻΪΣգǶƶּǿ˵ʲô
ΪЩĴڣ仯ʱǽеĻһ嶼ǸϵȻûü½ƣѾˣʣµľƶɣڽһӡͬʱҲǽҸȫطӡڴ˵ء̹ϵص֮иоκ٣£ûҪƭơ
ô뿪˵أƳɵʵյ˵߱ӡӦǶźܴŭ⡣
ǰұȻ뿪ˣ뿪ˣЩһûѹˣȻֳڴϣʱֻһƽ١ߵĻشƵϣû뵽ԷĻشȻ
ߣ˼壬Ըôˣ
ƺǿ˷Ƶɻ󣬶ЦصǱһ壬ȻԴŲͬԸ񣬵ʼնƶˣҲӰ졣
ش𣬷΢΢һĨ⣬ߵҲǱһЩĳЩ棬ûκ
Ȼ֪ǱħնɱΪħ֮ʣֽնΪնһϵħ׾١Ƶóء
һ뿪Щһͻֱߵһ仰ǽеǸ
֣޷֡
ˣħһСӡ߳Ƭ̣Ȼ֪˵㲻ҪϢǰһŮ˵أǰʱ䣬Ů˵һкȴħˡ
ʲô
ԣƶʱľû뵽ʸ˫Сһĳˣǣȴħߣ
ôǸŮأиһĨɱ⣬Ϣû֮һ
ˣħƺǵѺӵֱʼ֪еԵɡ
ˣ
ʱҲֻʧ̾һҡҡͷħԼĺӽߣ֪ʲôĿģȴøǳ㻹һϢǾǻʸ˫ǻָʵ뿪
ұȻҪѰħ𣬽֮նɱƺ޾ɱ
߿ŷһɱģҲǳĬ˰죬̾˿ɱɣ֣ͲһĻ֡
߿еȻߣΪħоȣȴ֪ԷȻɱöҲǺܲƽκԼ޷뿪ֻؿ뿪
ǰһ󡣡ͻȻǿŶߣ˫ֱӵع£ϣǰһû
߱һٶҲǾһ£æƣͻȻʲô˵ĻĪƾת굤


2167 ϳ
߾ɵؿŷƣҲ뵽˷ƿѾǻ˾ת굤ΪͬҲǷǳƾת굤֮еһζҪҩġ
ֶ½ϣ˵Ѿûһطˣһط⣬Ǿ޾
ǵģҪƾת굤һˣҲΨſѹħ𡣡Ƴ
Ψ޾ŻУһǻһıǵһžſǧһĻҪΪѡҡҡͷȻҪҲǱȽϼ֡
ǰڴѹôҪõӦòѰɡƳɵص۵ؿڻ֮ǰ߽һЩΧĻ鶼Զȴ
֮Ҳвǿ˵ҲаĴڣҪû͵ǵ塣߿Ц
ԣҲһû뵽޾֮ҲſŶ߲ĴڣԼûּǿߣȻˡ
ˣҲһˣת굤ұҪƣƳŮΪ˾ԸԼȸζӡ
žת굤ҩſԾΰŮӵķΪܹƾת굤۶ΣյĵطҲҪһ
Ȼˣһ˰ɡ߳Ƭ̣ҲЦŵȻĴڣʼջǼɵ
ǾȶлǰˣƸмرȭε飬ȫԲ֣ϾߣһĴڣǰŷȫʶȴǿΪðһΣҲĻм
öлΪһ壬Ҳϣ˿նɱħ𡣡ЦŵҲվһӣص߰ɣҴһ˻ϳҾͲҪһŻ
Ƶ˵ͷҲսΪ˾ȰŮӣϵɽҲҪȥ
󣬷ڶߵĴ£˶ڿն޾йȥ
һ·֮УһβûпŻһǿгϮΪŶߵԵʡ
Щһﶼ濴ءߵͷ΢΢һЦ
ƱǿżģӰҽ֮һţȻһЩһˡ
ҲǰסǣǲЦŵȻ仰ȥƨԵʣҲҲ٣һ˶ǰУϮˡ
Цȥɭǲ㽫嶼ַˣǼҵĴڣֱӺɨϳˡ
֮лŶٸܹһǿģΪص岻½ԭס񣬾Ȼд˵̡
𣡡ڣǶߵҲ΢΢سһЩȻҲĴɵ
ƳĬĻһ֮Уȷе㼬ˡ
ҵ췣֮ӦÿѹһƳһ£ǰϮѾ֪Щó֪ϴǰǱ
Ǿͺã㿴һλŲСİաߵ΢΢Ҳǵǰˡ
ԣƵǰǰҽƺطǲһȵɫΪ󣬶ҴʱΧֳ췣֮ЩȻеĻʮֵŨ
˵عȻһ㣡ƴʱпʼϾҪԵĿһȺϵĴڡ
ȻʱƺͶѾǽ˻ϳǲҽ֮УҲӰӿֶǻؿŷˡ
һ̶ƺǴĳźţʱԽԽĻ֣ûж֣ǿŷˡ
ڶߣǿǼһξһ㽫嶼ָɹ
ðɣͣɣϼһӦøӦǡߵһЦҲǲûټ롣
Ƶ˵ͷŶ߲վһվڰУ·ӰҲǸһĨ⣬ҲǲٰôȥҲ塣
໣
ʱһΪۻĽ·ҽʼϵӿһбǳֶ
ſϢӰǻشгֶǵĸͷһĻ廹и󣬶һ֮󣬱ֱӵؽ˶ߵϡ
㻹˵
ϵǣһǿ߾ȻǿԣֱӵضŶ˵ǲơ


2168 
Դϴ˵֮Ҳǧδ̤УϼһƺͦõġɭɭһЦλǿߵ
䣡һ죬ǿ߱ǺȻسҽ֮гΪӴĻӿϣȵϢϯΧǷҲǸоȡ
˹ڿиӰͬ࣬Ψһͬľǣǿͬȫɻ۶һ㣬ȥޱȵؿ¡
ߵͽһұߵǸ׶˵ǻһˡȻشƣһ㣬ϾǿǼɵѡ
Ƶ˵ͷǿߵصɨӣһ׶Ϣ쳣ذ磬ȻͬΪԭֻ¶˰벽۵ΪҲ㹻ǿᡣ
ϴ뿪һĪΪԼ㹻ôһ¶ŭر飬ϵĻ治ϵΪسӵؿŶߣǸƺҪԵһ㡣
ٺ٣һҲܵġЦŵϴһ˶һŷԱߣ벻ᱻԷһһ˿塣
ʲôΪ治ô׶ҲǼΪزƣӭߵ
һĻƲ¶̿ɫܹǿ߶¶˵飬ɴ˿õĶλǿ߳˶Ŀ
Ҫһöֱӵؿżɽ
ƨܣ
ߣΪ޾ǵļô
һ׶仰±ǲȻŭϵĻ治ȻѾǶŭ׼ֶ֡
Լλڶ˵ɫ·޾ĻһҲǷ׷׵ط̶ĽƼΪغƴ
һĻɫҲ΢΢һƱǲɵõ
ڵȻתضǿߣڵƲͷųֱˡ
ŷڵƲϵһ׶Ҳ¶֮ɫӷƵǿظоõӵŲ
λĲһҵҪô֪һԽöǻһ˵϶ŲٰɡƽɫһĨƻЦݡ
Ҳ֪ǧŽһι֪жѵôȻֱӵؿҪƾʲô׶ֱӵزмǻ˵ҲǼΪϡĴڣôƽ޹ʵó
̫ˣ
ûһö԰ͳһλʥǿߣ˵͸ôһעŶߣ̬ͬȷܻύ
ԣҲ¶ɫȻϡĹЧȻͳһλʥǿߣ
ǧһöʵÿһǧ꣬һͻ־λʥǿߣ
뵽Ҳǵһ忴Ȼ򵥣ݵ̣Цˣ
ô˵Ҳ¶˲ΪȻЦݣ˰ֵҲװûǻһ˵ȷǿͳһλʥǿߣЩǿҲֹʥף޴粽벽۾Ŀܣ˵ҪһλµĴˣ
ôһ˵һ׶˵鵱¾ͷ˾䣬һ˵һ㣬ͬҲֻлһ˲֪һô֪ģ
ٺ٣ңҺôҲ޾˶ʱ䣬Щ˻ǿһֱڹ۲Уѵ˵ôЦЦƺһжƿ֮С
ô£е㲻شʵ
ȷǿ԰ʥǿߣҲǶһ˵Ч˻Ļ飬ڶݵʱɾʥףһֹͣһΣ޷˿Ľչ߻ش
ֽͣҲȻոһöͳһλʥףҲǴһͳʥǿȴ޷̤벽۵żⲻò˵һֱ
ô岻ɶõıΪҵĶ˵þôһ屻ڴ˵أδػЩˣһҧгݵص
ʤΪΪܣǿʳģǵǴ󣬾лȨ𽥵رһ׶
˼Ҫǿһԣʱ֮г޾ɱ⣬˻֣·ٵǿϢ
ɫҲ΢΢ЩϢʥǿ߲ܹӵеġĵ̵ȷǲ


2169 
ҡҡͷһ׶ЦҪǿͳˣα˵ôࡣ
Ҫʲô
ô˵һ׶Ҳһۣ¶˲ɫȻⷬΪеǳϡ
ֱӵ˵ԼͼҲǲһ£ɫôͻȻıˡ
ʲôܹҽģһǹСŶߺͷƣһĨмЦݡ
ȷڻ˵ѰĶ˵ãǶǿŲٵĵ̣Ƕ˵ѰĶҪǳ˵λ
ҲһɻؿŶߣΪķչһֱʵ˵õĲһҾ֪ϣҲûκζֵȥ
ûǴĻص˯һʼɣߵص
һ仰һƾˣѵһ滹ǿߣ
һ׶ɫ͵һ䣬׷ȵں˵ʲô
ȻⷬǺ˵ǿһ׶˵ɫ仯Ѿǲ²
һȻԵõɫЦŵˣǵһλʼ֣ǻһҲڣ֮û֣Ҳ֪
һ׶ɫüΪضŶߣȷû˵ٵʱ򣬳ֱһȫϾɱΪŻһʼ棬ĴڣǱˡ
Ҳˣ˳˯״̬ǹȥôõ£ͬҲûѹΪȱһ
ܹǾķֱ˵ص
һ仰ǳ׵סһ׶ˣʲôƶ֪һµȷסԷ
ﲻ˵ĵطɡһɫòջЭˣֱӵŶߺͷƷ롣
ߺٺһЦҲǻʾƸϣͻȻת䣬÷ԴȻŰգҲһǻ¡
һ׶ǰһȻ˻֣ǰĿռγһŤУֱ˽ȥ
ߺͷҲǽһģûָʱ򣬷ƷԼѾǴһռ䡣
һɫĵãȻ֮һȣȴûиղ޾ǰǿҡ
Ʋɵ¶˸ȤɫĪѾ뿪޾
޾ǵã˺һС磬һҴɾҪҽҲǺٺһЦȻŵ
ǰһӦҲɡ΢΢ûв´ĻӦþܹǻһĽˡ
ûУϴҲǲѣǰĻɫСûУǾǻЦЦָǰ
ԣ̧ͷǰ˹Ȼڴ䴦һɢɫâҡҷСԼĪǰ˸ߣžŸţʲô
ǻδȫĻٹܹ꣬ȫسˡ߿ɫСɫҲȻضݣϾ½ȴ˴˵أҲ޷ҵ˵ǵΨһ
ˣǻĽأǴҲ㹻ʾĳ⡣һصص
ȷǿˡߺٺһЦǸ̬ĥ
ߣҪע⣬˹С磬ǿһУǣһ̬Ҳ΢΢ŭϾ˭ҲϲԼҶ˵š
İɣ˵°ɡЦЦɫҲǻָһ׶˵ҰѷΪҪö
ôһöô׶ȱǶŭ
ߣϣһεĽǽڹƽϡһ߱Ե̫ˣ
ǰ֮˵һöûд㽻ǲԸңҲֻߵص΢΢˵ǻǶһ޶ҵİ취ֺ䲻Ƕһ޶֮⣬½ˣһ㣬ԱߵСֵܾ֪
һѡ׶ֱӲмصڶֱΪǲȴ֮⣬ﶼǽƻޱȡ
һ˻֣ʾ׶סڣǽڷƵϣĮȻʵ˻ɵ棿
ûһҲһϣȻҲ˺Ѱҵ˵ءֱӵص˽⵽߿׽ס˵ǽн


2170 
Ϊ֪һˣһ˵ޱȵҪϾһʼ档
÷ƵĿ϶شһҲ˳˼֮Уû˵ѣһԿó
еȷӵпķҲ֪֮˯ԭĵػ꣬
öڻһ˵ܶ࣬Ȼ˵ǧһᣬǹȥô꣬һٻп棬ϾÿһʱڶôǿҪΪʥףһЩĴ˵޷á
ãҴӦ㣡
һ˼˾ܹ֮һѹöȫǾռ˱ˡ
磬⡭׶ڿһӦɫҲǸһĨԸΪߵıԣֱϷˣĸо
һ˻֣׶Ҫ˵ŶߣǴӦϣ㲻Ҫٱԡ
ô˵أƽؽסһͷӦҲǺٺһЦ
ƿһ۶ߣܸоûô򵥣ת굤ƷޱȵôܻΪöͽȥ
һҲǵָһƻɫĹâ˿ռУѸٵγһУɫâȵ˶ߵǰ
ţöҲðѷһޱص
ߺͷԣǿǰâϸرһ߲ǵ˵ͷȷǻ
ԼĪȭͷСĹʵذ͹㣬ȴӵһɼΪȵϢ
ƿҲ΢΢ؼһ£ϾѰҵʹžת굤ĲϾһԼܹռȫϣ
ƾת굤ΰŮӣĿǰΪҪһ¡
߻һգöǵ֣תŷƵӦôžת굤ɣػһΣʶӡǡ
Ƶ˵ͷһ֮бǸֳһƤžֱӵ̯ʱǽһ׶˵
һ׶˵߶ǿʼȣصĿɾǿѵİ취
ƳһۣҲٶζڸһ׶û⡣
΢΢ر˫ֱӵؽһηӡ£ٶ֮ʣһʶӿһ
һ΢΢һ㶣ֱӵسʶͬʱҲڳʶ̺֮ķ
Ƭ̺һ𽥵Ҳ¶𾪵ɫΪƾת굤Ҫ̫ˣĻһҪչȷƸѶȣ
Եĵػķûв´ĻӦûԼİ취öнһƬֱ̣ӵؿڵ
ƳĬȨߣϾ˵ֻȨ
붼룬öռ˱ˡ߱˱죬ֱӵػؾһҲ̰˵㡣
΢΢аȻˣַνǵ޶ޱȵôΪöأ
һηǰ˵ʲôҲֻһػľת굤
һɫ΢䣬Ҳû˵ʲôΪҲַ֪ôѵã߿϶ǲ׵ؽ
аɣɣεĽ˵һˡ߰˰֣׼Ҫȥ
Ȼʱ׶ȴ浱˵Ǽô˵˵߾ߣ
仰һձǱɫ΢΢øΪᣬֱ׶⻰˼ĪҪҸ
һû˵Ȼ׶˵ôҲؿ̬ķչö֪һĽأɲȥ硣
ƳĬȴ̤һͷųǿƣѾ۳µ췣̬֮ȺȷҪ֣ɲ¡
ŷͷųƣһ׶һ£ǿе㳬ǵϡ
߰ɡһڳƬ̺󣬼һĽأʼնûаˣҲֻա
ߺٺһЦƺԤϵָᵯƿ˿ռ䣬һС
л´ǽһ˰ɡ仰󣬱ŷֱӵ뿪˽أ¶֮ɫˡ
仰ư
Ҳû˿취߱Ͳǣҷϻ췣֮ƴֻҧ뿪


2171 ߵ
뿪˻Ľ֮󣬷ûгȻжŶߵľٶǺ棬ǴʱѾˣҲǲС
ǲǺΪҪƾת굤ķǣǰ棬ûлͷȴͬʮһ
šƵ˵ͷûзϣһǱڴ˵أһָĻôͻڶٶȷشϣʱڶͨ˳֮֡
ˣһ׶ͣ½ռ㹻ĲϣǱ޾̤벽޷̸ʲôƣ΢΢һЦһǵİ֮С
һ㣬ҲʮֵΪǻҪӦƽüͷ֪޷ռϣҪӦͽ޹
ϣϣ֪ûʲôܣҲǰö࣬ҩǵУҲ¿ѵϣȻܾһЦ
ԭˣպ᲻ϧһд۶ƽƣ·صϣԱռҩġͻͬʱҲ뵽߿պԵ鷳ͻ࣬ЩһˣȻ᲻ϵسƣͼܹ뿪޾
뿪ҲϷͬⲻͬ⡣΢΢һĨЦݣҲһĨϷʵɫҲûº֡
֣һ㶣ҩԼȥģûʲô⣬Ƕô˵ʲô֣ĪҩصĲʵľת굤
ҩû߹Цһ۷ƣصǷȱĿɲֹػꡣ
ԣƽסһԭˣ˵һ˵һܹȫĲ϶ռ֣Ƴת굤ҲãΪǷȱĻһ꣡
һ㣬Ǹ֪պ潻սʱһֱԱߣؼǵã͵ػ궼ӲرЦΣ涼ûа취ѹܹڷȡһֹľת굤
Сᱣܺҩǰģһ㶣Ҳ˴˻֮е˼±ֱӵر֤ҩԲȥ
㣬֮ҪöҲ㡣ߵ˵ͷͻȻһת
ǡҲƾת굤ƲǴģȻҲһ±˶߻е˼뵽ҩ֮йһ־ת굤ҪĿö
ת굤֮УͼľǹڵػģȻǵҪĲϼΪǷѵʱ䣬ҲŰȫռ֡
ľͲһȻŵػҪĲǴһ£ȴǵػ֮࣡
Ҳ˵Ҫռݾת굤ҩģһѶȸֹ
Ϊкܶϣ½϶ѾټѰܹһЩյܹѰ֣Ҳδݵ
ûҪһݾת굤֮е굤ߵصҲǱüΪأΪҿԸоԼˣ²꣬Ҿͻ᳹׵䣬Ȼ취ľΨУ꣬һҾܹ»ָ۷״̬
ƳĬˣʱ䣬˵˵̲̣Ҳǲ֪ʲôʱܹȫת굤Ĳռ֡
һݵػ굤ĻŰ֮ɣټһ굤Ҳûʲôա
֪ΪѣҲİ취̾˿Ȱѵػ굤ƳȥѰҳ굤ĲϣֻҪһڶлᣬĻҲ֪
ߵĺһûȫ˵Ƿȴ֪ڰڣ޷Ƴػ굤ôƶ߾ͻ᳹ʧ޴ˡ
ãҴӦ㣬Ҳ֤һܹҵֻǾҧҪܾܾҲ޷ܾ
ǿߵϣǿǻԼǾת굤ĶϣζҪ
ãֻҪӦСڿƵͷҲ¶Цݣ̧ͷһ޾ĻУǾֻǹҪҪ
ڷһʱ֮ٶȻصƽ̨֮ϣƽӹ˶еĻҲҪ׼ȥ
ڣʱڷ˵Ǻܳԣ
šȻʱ򣬷ȴǱ߽֪ͣ¡
תŶߣѵʲôҪһæô
û´Ļͻƴ۾ĹͷôߵصƵΪȻһۿ


2172 ҵĵս⣡
һ£ҲǵͷϣѾǴڰ벽۴Բľ磬ͻƳɴֻۣһ֮ң
ƺܽӽΨվżϵǿ߲֪һǶôңԶݹǿߣȻͽһҲֻżϡ
ʱĳɾʹۣһ㣬Ҳܹоõȥʢ棬ʣ˵ǴۣǳɾҲڻ¡̾˿ԷƵۺܸߡ
֪ΪʱͻƳɴۣ˭½⿪٤ЩǿߣҲٹ̲Էڰ벽ָۣǿʵЦЦһ㵱磬Ѿ֪ˡ
Ȼ½磬ǰ½˽Ҫɾ۰ҵԶʢĹٶ֣
ͻˣδһ¡ҡҡͷ֮Īǳ÷Щ⡣
ѵͻƴۣյʢٶȻָô
һֵذټǿԵʢŻή٣ЩǿҲܵΪš
̫ˡҡҡͷӣǴۣǿǵΪǱѹڰ벽ۣܶʱ򣬳ǶһЩֶΣ޷ɱԷ
ҲΪˣ½磬еǿ߶һƽڣΪ֪˭ҲɱԷȻһλϴۣҲûʲôԣҵΪѹơ
һ˳ɵۣļƣǾָܹʵô
ԣһ㶣ûϸ룬˵˶Ϊ˳ɵ۶ڷܶΪԼԣΪ壬ΪҪػˣҪøǿ
˸һɾʹۣһܹԼӵиΪǿ
ö˵жȻ뵽ļΪ˳ɵ۶ͻƣô²ʢһغڰʱ
Զǿǿ߾سûĽһЩӵ֮սԼǿߵʬ壡
غһǵȥΪʱ򣬴۲ǿǿ֮ŻسֳǳһħôжԶ
˷Ƶɫ仯ҲǵȻһЦ֮Ը㣬ΪҼϣ۾ˣԺǸСҲȲ㣬ȻҲ˵Ͼ־磬ǷȱֻһЩԵ˭пܳɵۣҲ˭пһ޷ɵۡ
Щڳɵ۵ʱ򣬿ʧô˱ôҪɵۣ»Ǽ֮¡
Լɵ۵ʱҪʲôֱӵصһת
Ҫʲôߵ̫ͻȻˣһʱ֮Լ˳˼С
ǵģɵҪʲôԼɵۣʱҪʲôһʼ˼֮С
߿ŷƣɫƽûм˵ֻ֪÷Լȥ˼ܹõãпֱӵ̤һ
ȫɣֱӵر˫ʼԼԺ֮УʱԺУΨһǾҪʲô
񣬴Ǹײķϲģ֮־ڼԼ࣬ǳɾػ񣬼ϵſǲ
ͬҲʧȥ࣬ˮ£һ·ɳԺһʦҩϣΪԼ
ʧеãǷƵ֪ˮºҩΪȥʱͬҲǺܱˣҲ֪Ҫǿ
ΪԼһ˶ţ壬ӣǿɰŮЩҪȥػ

ƵжȻʣʱҪܹɵ۵
ʱ򣬷ƶȻ˹Ϊǵ˵ؼ䣬ÿһλ۵ĳ֣Ǵһڲͬش
ҪɾʹۣôͱҪһѰ˲һĵ壡
ܹʸȥɾʹۣ
ڣȴ췣֮⣬һǾս⣡
սһͬҲһҹûܹͨսһɵۣĻᣡ
췣֮Ǹǲܵ£췣
뵽һ㣬ƶȻ˫һĨâڳһǿƵս⣡
ҵĵս⣡


2173 Ժ
ŷͻȻر仯ߵ˵ͷ֮һĨײ֮ɫѾѰҵԼĵΪ׷һֱŬţ
˻ϣäĿȥ׷µ˵ɣǿߣʮֵԼҪ׷ǷʺԼ
ΨʺԼļ̤۷塣
ǷȱĽһʱпܴӶͻƳشۡ´ŷƣоھͺһˮƿӣʱпܳ
лǰָ㡣еâ𽥵ʧղһʱƬ̵ĸջĴǾ˵ܹڤڤ֮е⡣
ڶڣƻȥͻƣΪͻƵأڴصļʱΪ޷һУҪȵŮѹаȥͻƺһС
պ󣬲ʢһɱ¾
߰ɣ֮ڣϣܹٴοĳ֡ҡҡͷҲǰϣڷƵϡ
ǰģһ߾ȫռ굤Ҫȫϡصص˵ͷֱӵش˽ƣڵͨС
ͨһͨٶȷڤ֮ɭУȻ뿪ͨٶȷ˱仯ͨڷա
̾һǴ˴η֮еľ޷֪ڵص֮£ôһص壬½ԭס
һԼеĻֱӵڿȥڤ֮ɭѾûµļֵˣҪȥԺͨԺİת굤ҩģռá
ʱѾǳΪ˰벽۵ľ磬ڤ֮ɭԺľȻԶڷƵļ֮£ҲǷʱѾϻԺС
ȻʱصԺ֮УȴǸܵһƬÿ˵üϣҲһֱӵҵ
ˣ𿴼Ƶĳ֣Ȼе⡣
ţջҺоʲôһʼ򣬿һ𣬶ԷɫȻҲǺܺá
ӦûѰҵɣЦƺҲԤϵ˷ƴ˴γȥûħ
ţܵˣʸ˫Ҳȫ뿪ΨһĵľҵĺӣˡҲεصȥ̫ˣֹһС
ĺӣô˵ʸ˫ˣһ㶣Ҳ׷ʵ
ǵģھ޷׷Ѱħ䣬ǸеӤʲô̾һԼҲûа취ħϢںη
ЩӵѪħһɵġһ£Ҳüͷ
ѪƲصĪԼص׵һʱڣʲô飿
ǰʱ𣬱ǲϵһЩʥǿ½Īرɱ״ҲǹͬȫѪҺɣ
㻳ħ𣿡üͷ壬ħôʥǿ֣Ȼˣʥǿߵ˵̫СˣһٶҲûжá
½ҲΨһ˸ôصصʼҲûзԺһЩʥǿҲǿʼ֣ܵǲ׷֣ʥǿ߲
Ժ˶ˣʵԺʥǿ߲࣬ŵʧŲʥǿҲֱӵͶԺϾ½Ϊ嫣ʥǿߵҲǱô١
ˣټطֵˣһʮˣǰµʱ䡣εص
ʮλʥǿߣ
Ƿƣ֣ҲǱһεԶԶֹ򵥣ʮλʥǿߣȴħ֮⣬˭ܹ
ħҲһֱڰ಻ʱǿʼ¶΢˫ŷ޾ɱ⡣
Ǻֵǣɱʥǿ߶ȫûãȥѰЩûй鲢Ժİ벽ǿߣõ㡣ҲǿЦŵҲ㲻ħΪΣ
ڿҪħˣһָ¶˵һجˡɫޱأԺ֮Լһƻγɡ
Ժʥǿ߶Ϊȫǣʱ뿪ԺżҲ׼ԺһЩǿֳɼСӣȻȻؿʼ׷ƱҪҵİš
Ƶͷ˼취δɣħ̫£һȥԵĻ»꣬ǽЩǿȺϳһС飬Ȼʼܵ׷ѰЧҲ


2174 ˵С
µҲֻܹܵѹħ𡣡Ƶ˵ͷʾ֧
ˣڻʲô㣿ѰҰ취һػʸ˫ЦЦƵĻҲһǱǽת
취ѾҵˡһЦһһʮؽ޾֮е˵
÷ƽ֮Ҳ𾪣û뵽Ȼ飬ƶȻһ
һ£֪һЩΪˣû뵽ȴǽȫ޾֮С
һ£ŵҪڿʼռת굤Ĳô
Ƶ˵ͷƤž˳ݸ𣬱Ͼ½ʱ㹻һʱ䣬Ҳ½һЩϡϣҲһЩӡ
ӹƤžжصľת굤Ҳʮֵغ棬򿪵һ굤ƷҪŸľѪһ㣬סˡ
ôǲǱŵˣ΢΢һЦһƲϵʱҲǱһ
̫˼ˡƶ֮ǿߣȻķֲȱʧꡣ̾ѵص
Ǻǣ㿴һ¹굤ĲϣлѾõˣٿϣӡҾǰȥѰҡʼҲΪ
˵ͷԼϸؿһ嵥һ̧ͷüͷŵĲϣ󲿷ҶܹԺ֮ø㣬һЩ»ԼȥѰҡ
ʲôϣԣҲһһԼܹѰҵõϵİָӴһ㡣
£ԣʱҪħѾǿʼĵضˡ
ıݣ߲ʽڵ࣬л껨Ժû֮⣬Ժ֮УҲܹѰҳüͷǽ塣
ôҧ࣬û˵ֺȥѰҡ
ı˵ҶǰߵıԭʱǼȴһʮֿµػҵʱҲû֡
˵ʵҲûʲôӡ󡣡
Ļش𣬷һʲôΣգµľҪȥѰһ֪ڲڵĶ޷֡
ɣҰȥһ£ϾԺ֮Ҳۼ˲ǿߣЩǿ߶½أ˵˿֪Ƭ̣Ҳ뵽ˡ
Ƶ˵ͷµ񣬵һ˿϶ûа취ػ굤Ĳռãֻǽϣ˵ϡ
ȥһǣˣ㻹ǵǸ岻Ҫ뿪ͻȻͣŷƵ
ţСôˣ΢΢һ㶣ѵСʲôô
츳ܿ£Ѿʥǿˣʮ꣬Ѿʥǿ˰պǰ;ޣиŵص
ȥ΢΢һЦСֳܹɾͲ⣬ôҲǺ壬һôأ
ԺĺɽȥɣҰ̽ȥˡҲǵ˵ͷǼæȥ
ҲȥɽС·ϣһ·ϿԺĵӣ˶̵ӡͬǿ߶ƽƽӷƣǹضŷƺһǰ
ЩҲΪΣҲǵ˵ͷٶȲɵüӿظ˺ɽ
ڸǽ˺ɽǸܵһְƣҲһѵСѾɳֵزô
ڽ˺ɽ֮󣬷ƸоǰһΣһ߲ʹâֱӵغԼ
Ҳ΢΢СѾǸӦԼҲֱӵ̧ƣֱӵסһ߲ʹâ
εƵͬסǬֱӵס߲ʹâЦŵСôһ͸
£һӰݵֶȻС
ʱСѾûǰЩ𽥳ɳҲǴһ˿㣬䲻ϵ侲
磬ˣС𿴼ƳֺҲʮֵؿģϾԺ棬ڷƺĹϵá
ǰ˵ΪչǾˣҾ͹һ¡΢΢һЦе߲Ҳ֮ɢСԴ
ǰѾʥǿأС¶һ˿˵ɫʵϣϣֳɾͣʵ̫ˡ


2175 үү
ЦؿŴʱСֱӵסСȻطֻһ˿ת֮С
Сܹ־˵ĽչȻҲǺܿģڿ֮࣬ȴǵǣСĽչ̫ˣ᲻ᵼ¸֮ġ
Ҫ֪˵ΪҪľǸ䣬ܶʱ򶼻ͬҫ۵ǻֵܹĺ٣ΪǶԼԼʣ˸
ȻСڲ״ڷƵӦ֮£Сڵͬһ㣬ûκε鸡֮УСҲǿϣļԣȵȶ̾Ϊֹǿ
ΪΪչ̫죬¸ȵëҶˣǲʮܹ꣬Ӵ벽۵Ĳˡ
ǷƣҲǸأͬʱҲǰΣСŰʧ
ôҿԳΪ벽ۣСô˵ҲǿĵܹõƵĿ϶ĪҪ顣
˻ԾС𣬷Ҳҡҡͷи̾ԼС͵ʱ򣬿²Ǹոһϳ¶ɡ
үү˵ĻҲǸһأ̫ˡСЦŵ
ͻȻһ㶣С¶˴㵵ɫүүѵô
СƺҲǷӦ֪Լ˵©ˣɫһĨţæ˻ֵ磬ˡ
жûʣΪСеүүָ𣬵ǿСɫиġ
ţȸ˵үү˭һѵסС𣬵Լеʡ
ûûʲôСɫȻǸֶͬ񶼲ŷƣҪѵƵƣȻʥǿߣѵơ
˵ûʲôƽüͷԽԽԾС̬ȻŲΪ֪ܡ
ƶЩҲǷҪʲɣСʲһ㣬պпܻΪ𣬳ΪһǿߣԼΪϤ϶Ӳܡ
ҴӦүү˵ġСһĨɵɫ
ģҲǽüͷа¾Բ򵥣Ҳǿ׷ʣ¶ɵЦݵðɣ㲻˵Ҳ׷ʣʲô⣬ǵһ𡣡
ţһġСʹص˵ͷ˶ųЦݣɿ֣һһȥˣȻȴûз֣Ѿһӡǡ
СȥıӰɫأС˵үү˭ѵħ𵱳µĺ֣뵽Ƶɫɵñ
Сڵ۴һκܳʱ䣬Ҳħڽ̵һʲôĻ»С
˭ҪС»ûôףе૵Ҳ׼תȥȻʱĴȴǰһˡ
ڷתȥƬ̺СӰٶȳڸղŵĵطµԼؿڣͷã˵©졣
Ȼһ̣ȴǶȻظֳһĨ߲ʹâһģӰǳǰ棬ĳ֣СҲ¶Цݣүүֳˡ
ͱ¶ҵĴˡģӰһϵȴǲû̫˼
һСľ˵©ˣ÷û׷ȥСӺԣ΢εصǰģӰԼ֮󣬱ǳԼߣȻ֪ʲôôһֱָԼΪܹѸٵĽչһ˴ǲ֪Ϊⲻ
ķѾˣ´βҪ˵©ˣҪ֪ҵĴڣͻܶ鷳ģӰҡҡͷȥƺΪɣ
Ϊʲô߷簡С˱ԷκεâҪ֪ԷԼΪݵˣû֮һ
ȵԺʱĻ͸ɣҪץȡʮͻƵ벽ۣȻˡģӰƺСʺ˽⣬µжϾȻǸһ϶СܹʮڳΪ벽ۡ
ŶСܲԸص˵ͷģӰ¶̬ҲЦЦѵ㲻Ըķһǿô
룡Сûκγɣһֱ׷ѰżԼܹǿ󣬾ܹöԼҪ飡
Ǿץʱɣµʱ䲻˰ģӰڵһ仰֮ҲٶȻһ߲ʹâûСڡ


2176 ۼ
ںСٶȳֵ飬ȻȫȻֱ֪ӵ˺ִ󲿷ֵǿ߶ѾۼˣҲΪ죬Ѳַʲô£
ƣˣ°ɡ𿴼Ƶĳ֣ҲЦŵ
Ƶ˵ͷɨӹȥڳĴ󲿷ֶǰ벽۵ǿߣŴۣǶǾһս󣬾ͶԺ¡
ףôûпʥˡɻصЩ֮У˵ʥҲûг֣е㲻Ѱ
ǺǣʥڱչأԺҲǷ׷׵ز뵽ճ֮Уǣɳ鲻ҲΪεصԴӵһսʼûʲôӰ죬ǹԼĪһЩǰҡڲǷ׷׵ȷ˼ԺҾʥǿǸҪѰԺıӻ
ʥչأҪ˰ԣҲ΢΢һ㶣˵ʵּ𣬱չѾûжôĳֶ򣬲ܹһͻơ
Ųٸ򣬳ɵǷǰʮþȵ£ڵҲ֪˵׼ҡҡͷ
ʥܹ֮ǰɵۣδҲһ¡΢΢ϣʥûжٵؾ˶˳Ȼ
ˣô˶ٻ˹Īħٶȳôɫ𽥵ر࣬ɨӶΧʱۼǿԽԽ࣬Ƕˡ
ûУ⻹ΪҪռҩôҡҡͷЦŵҰʹһЩˣǶûʲôͷҾͰȫʣֶǣǷӡܲṩһ
ƻԭˣȾٶΪԼҲȻһָм飬һĻ˵ĿܹѰҳһЩļ䡣
ʱҲǿһڶǿߣɤӵλհѴҰһæʮҪǹϵλ
΢ֵĴ仰˵֮һ˲ǰ˵߶ϣȻԷô˵ô±ȻҪ
Ҷ֪ħûȻ˵ĴһλңҲûаѰҵǽ֮ɱնɱˣʱѾǻԲѣΪ˴ңΪ½ζҪ˾ѣΨѹħ˳֡
ⷬʱЩ˽ڳ˶֪յһ춯صսһλǿᵽİŮӳȻǴʱﻹл
ҲˣʲôҪ;˵һλµվ˳һλۣȱ̬
ԣܹæһȫôҲǿ˱˲סСȻħˣһλҲЦŵ
˵Ļ٣ڳǿߵﻰһ˲˹ÿ˶Ƿ׷ױ̬һȫæġ
ҲҪ˵Ҳͦ򵥣Ҵûŷһۣ˵ҲΪο
ͱˣĸ½ʲôûмġһλҲЦص
¶ЩЦݣڷƵϣʾ˵һ̣վǼеһҪǰдûмҪ˵֪еĻҡ
һ߲ʽڵ࣡
ڶлݣ
˵֮󣬱˵ϣڶǿ֮Ҳһ㶣׷ӣе𾪣Ƕ֪ʲôЩ½ҲѵѰĶ
һ˺ķһӶҲȻһȴ˵βȡ
ƿһӳĬҲǸµǵһ£Īû۶ô
һۣƺ˶̾һȻûκջ׼Ǵʱ˾ۼһûټеܵ
ʱһλȴҼ߲ʽڣ
ƺһ𣬽ǽλϣѿڶʵںδ
Ĺ֮أĸ۴λĿеǼ䣬ǿ߶ͬĸħһ㣬סˡ


2177 Ĺ֮أ
Ĺ֮أ
Ʒĸֳ֮ڳǿһǱɫƺʲôΪµĶһ㣬Ҳǲ⣬вɵġ
Ĺ֮صʲô
ȥĹ֮أ
ее׷λ
ҵֻȥΧ߲ʽڣǲû롣λҲ¶ɬЦݣΪµĵطжǲɵøһĨ⡣
Ĺ֮صʲôƽüͷ½ѵʲôطǿ߶Ҫ֮ɫĵطô
𵱳֮ءĬƬ̣ǻص
ԣһ㶣֮أ
ط˵½ϣһС磬ֻ½ѣضΪ֮ĵطͱΪĹ֮ءҡҡͷǸطһɽѣΪʱγһС磬Բ޶䣬˵㣬Ҳ׵شǸط
ƲɵһǺҲ貵ʢҲһһǿߣ֮Ȼ½ʣĲǸطνڡ
ˣҲҪȥһˣغһǸطжôΣգǼȻ߲ʽڵĳ֣ԼȻҪǰȥ
߲ʽڱͲһλ벽۵ޣûв´Ļ˺ʣϴ󣬹ƻøӿ£һ̤ǸطԵĻ߲ʽڣüͷǸطδҲ֪еΣճ̶ȡ
Ρҡҡͷһλ׷ʵĹ֮ص
λ¶֮ɫһƺǲԸȥðգҲ̾һ֪ԼҲ޷ƣǻ˻ֵ˵ɡ
õ׿֮Ҳǵ˵ͷصصĹ֮زȥͽȥģÿ꣬½֮ʣż֮ػڣҲΨǸʱ򣬲ܹŻĹ֮أ
һֻô˳˼֪Ƕ٣ѵҪԼûĿĵصȥôȻԸ
ˣûмǴĻʮ꣬һֻصˣʱż֮ػٶȴ򿪽Ĺ֮صڡλԼĹ֮صʱ䣬Ȼ󾭹һó˽
ʮ꣡ԣҲ˼Ҳ˵ʱΨʮ꣬һʮȥԼʧᣬôͻҪڵһ꣡
Ƶ±˾ʮԼҪż֮أνĹ֮Ѱ߲ʽڶʱ򣬷ҲǿʼƻԼѰʣֲϵг̣Ϊлû䣬ȥѾıݸѰҵȻٻȴĹ֮صĿ
ҾˣҪȥһ˱ԭƶʱ仹鷳ǼлݣǷȱһлݡ
ڶǿһۣҲǵ˵ͷȻЩ棬ⲻ֪ѰкãǣΰŮӵ飬ҲǲҺ
Ժڶǿ߶˸ԵĶ飬ʼ׷ħ֮УһлݵϢϣԸϢһ£ǴӦȻԼûжİա
лλӸһĨмΣ֪˵ڶ߲ʽڵ֮أҲȫûջ
˱һ飬½ɢȥ˷ƺں֮С
ƺʲôҪ˵ŷǽüͷӣҲǲ²⵽ƺʲô顣
ûҿһС𡣡Ƴһ£һֲȷ
壿¶һĨ֮ɫҲǽʵĪʲô飿
˵СĴҲǲɺӵģδһ۷ǿߣԲδɳ֮ǰκ⡣
ûУǸղҸӴƺǿнһصǿߡüͷһС˵©죬Լ˸޷עõ
ô£𲻽ʵ˵ǿߣԺ֮УܹСŽӴǿ߲Ǻܶ࣬Īħµĺ֣
ҲԸֻҵĴҡҡͷָоԼҲ˵ֻԼһС


2178 ʥѪ
գƱֱӵظˣԺ뿪ǰԭѰҾıݣûзֵǣ뿪ʱСվԺɽ֮ϣңңעȥıӰ
ʱС˫ȴǳһ߲֮ɫ˱һ
ʮꡭһɣСĿѰζ
ԭ½ļ֮أ̺ۻĵγɵı飬һǳ֮أȫ·ӽ֮󣬲˱ԭıԵ
ڱԭıԵһģСۼ㣬ﻹһЩסڴ˵صľ񣬺Զ·ԭѰĲߣϾڱԭ棬Ų纱ҩģһѰһͨ˵һӶǳˡ
ƲûֱӽԭѡۼͣһϣҪЩ˵Ŀе֪һЩڱԭϢǰ벽ۼǿߣóȻش˱ԭһǵһЩΪµıԭ壬ǿɻǸԼ֮֡
ԭԵۼ㣬˻ͦģڽֵϣΧ˶ɫҴңÿ˶üͷҲһ㶡
еŹ֣е㲻ԾĸоƻӶΧȥһϢȻһ·ȴû˴ס·˶ǿһۣ˵ֱӵתߡ
ҲɣʱǰһģСĿջҲֱӵ˹ȥĵǣջȻûʲô⣬ֻͥƹС޾ɵվ
ƵĽƹСҲǾһæǶŷƿغסģ
ɨӹһۣջͦۼҲʹһңôôأҲǿڵסûôûһ˰ǲʲô⣿
÷ȷҪס꣬ƹЦݾͺŵľջһǰŷƵôܣ㿴ջɾûʲô⡣
ǡôһ˶ûУװɵӡ
ƹߴһ·ƣһȷ͹٣ǽģ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǲɵȤѵ﷢ʲôô
ѹ֪ˡƵͷƹҲ̾һɨһ¿ջΧǵⲻΪ⣬ۼ㶼ֹˣ
ֹ
𰸣ƲɵһЦû뵽ȻŤɣֹʲôЦ
飬ƹҲϸţǰЩʱ䣬ʥǿ߶Ǳ׹ɱˣ
ʥǿߣ
ĸ֣ϵЦһӱˣƺǷʲôѰ飬ʥǿ߶ˣԲʲô׹
ħͻȻ֮䣬Ժ֮ͷȭͷҲǽգ֮ǰ͸߹ʥǿ߽Ӷرնɱ飬û뵽ôƫƧıԭҲ֡
̵ɫƹĲǵô˰ɣʥ׵ǿ߶ˣһֹһΪ£ۼ㶼Ļ̵̻ģܶԭԭǿߣֱӵ뿪ˣԼ׹һɱ󣡡
԰µʼĩôɫ»ָЦؿǰƹܹ˽⵽Щ飬˵ʹŵز²õǷħйء
⡭ƹһ£¶Ϊ֮ɫ˫ȴڷƵɨţҲ΢΢һЦİɣһסĵģֻҪЩҾͿˡ
ҲǲУ˶֪ءƹҲŷһ£ʼԭۼ顣
ԭԼĪһ֮ǰһλʥǿ߸Ǵӱԭأʥǿƽʱ˵Ҳ൱һĴڣһʱ֮䣬λʥǿߵĳ˲ٺ䶯
λʥǿߵŵҲջڵڶ죬ʬȴǳ˿ջĴţ״Ϊ£ȫɿݣѪҺûС
һȻ˵ĿֻţʼŴ˵ֹʲôģ˵һЩΪİ򵥣Ҳˣǰһλȥʥǿߵֳ˾ۼ㣬ͬҲһλʥǿߣ
֪Լĵܵ촦ʱ򣬵±Ƿ񣬲Ҫַˣ˵һҪָ׽õΪĵܱܵ
ܲңŵͬҲջҵڶҲͬ״ڿջĴǰ²ǳ׵ؾˡ


2179 ħټ
ˣ²ʲô׹ħŲСĹϵ֮²⣬Ϊϵǰطʥǿٵ½ҲħҪϵȥɱ¾ʥǿߡ
ħѾ˴˵ôгԼһʱ䣬Ҳûпܣһԭ֮ؽΪƫƧնɱʥǿߣҪҲҪһʱ䡣
ԺڶǿҲһֱѰټȴûϵħѾƫƧĵطһλʥǿ߳£ǰҲ˵ħпܻ⸽
ͻȻƵһ뵽һ취ȻԼħôҲϲһƾͼƣ뵽ͻȻЦ
ǰƹ񿴼ͻȻرЦҲ﷢ëĪǴв
Цƹģ£Σ
ƹ񿴼ɫһƻĺһ㣬бһֲĸо
ҵٻ·ģһʥǿߵݣЦصһ¹Ȼǰƹ˶סˣͲû˫ȷˡ
ˣСֻС⣬ڰƹݺᣬһҿջڶ̶̼ڣһˣҶʥǿߣⶼⶼûˣƾȻ˵ԼʥǿߣҪסⲻô
ʲôȻŰգѵҲҳν׹Ǻô΢΢һǿƱסƹС
˲Ѱߣﾭѹƣؿֱӹˣ˿顣
İɣʱͻˮʯˣƳһۣҲǽһЩϸڸƹģҪʵҲûʲôֻƹĿʥǿס
ҪΪնνġ׹ճΪ²⵽пܾħ֣ʱ֮ڣȻû뿪ԭֻҪԼĻһòܹǰ
Ƭ̺󣬷ƱȻ뿪ջ죬һο꺺ӣس˱ԭۼ֮УȻǷװݶɣǿԵѹϢʥס
ڽֵϣǺεͷųƣһ·ȻǾ˱֮еˣǿϢ֮£ûһ˸̧ͷŷơ
ƺظߵھۼ㶼תһȦ˿ջǰȴûз֣ԶԶıһȫں֮µӰĬĬע֮ųɺĹâͬԼһ㡣
ڷ߽ջ֮УȻҲǰۼе߶ȴǲҿջΪʥǿߣ׹ԣ
һʥǿ߳ˣѵΪǰ˶ô
˵Ҫһʥǿڴ˵˰
һʱ֮䣬˽۷׷ףŷƵĳ֣Ǳͬʱڿջ֮УתݵķվƹСǰؿһȺʵɢȥô
شˣѾ˴ȥˡƹţԷһεѹʥǿߣһͷˡ
ʲôƿһۣɵһĨЦݡ
شˣĺѵҪðôƹ̧ͷɫǲ԰׵ģȻεʥǿ˲Ӱ
ǺǣڣȻͲˡҡҡͷһۣҲǵ֮˲Ҫ߶ɣʣµľͽ
˷ƻ֮е֮⣬ƹĺСҲǵ˵ͷæ뿪˷Ƶķ䣬˵ǿƵһλˣ˵ʱ򣬷Ƶʬ嶼Ѿ˿ջſڡ
Ŀ뿪͸·ۼȺȴûзʲô֮ˣҲҡҡͷҲֻǵȵ֮ʣǸνġ׹Ƿ񻹻֣
Լߵس֣ǿʥǿߣǡ׹֪Ȼٶȳ֣ʱƾܹ֪ǲħˣ
ƻ뵽һζħ뿪ڲϵɱʥߣҲûаȥ԰벽ۼǿߣűȶЩʥǿ֡
ԭĺҹٵúܿ죬ڱԭȴûж˯ðȣڷ֮Уյ˫һֱδȻϲ֮ʣһӰԾۼ֮˸ٶȼΪ죬ûܹ
Ҫôһ㶯ȴδܹùǷơ


2180 Ȼ
˫һֱյķƣȻ˫վ˴⣬Ȼʱȴƽޱȣҹشûа쳣
ȻȴɫüΪأѾϳһΪ޵ϢǱԼ⣬ȴ޷ֱϢǷħģΪԷ̫ˡ
ɣġƵصȴ̧˷
ꡱһ΢졣һӰΪѸٵس֣ȫں֮УɭɭЦ
㻹ϴǿˣ벻֮ǰ֪ԼǱ˭ɱġӰΪ˻ƣȥоǳ
ȻʱƵ֮ȴһĨâüͷ壬ΪѾϳˣȻħ
һУħڱº֣ν׹ҲŪİϷѣ
Ϊ˲֮ģҲǲɫû̱¶Լݣ־磬ֻҪԼԵ췣֮תƶ޷ϳ
ɱʦܣƵѹƣ΢ɣһ㣬ȻħûϳΪԭƫƧߵĵطԺЩôѰҵ
ԭΪǱϧ»ԼȥħȻ¶òһʱ䲻ȻΪشò࣬ͷذ׷ȥΪ˿ֲһ԰׵ɫ
ǾҪûᣡƳһֱӵħȥûжôħϳ
ʥ۷壿ܺãﶼҪǿ󣬹ȻǲУħ𿴼ʱֵϢҲһвɵøֹһĨɣ½ʲôʱֹôǿһʥһλʥ۷ǿߣԼȫû˵
ƵĹѾ˽ǰɲô࣬ħҲһЦȻԷҪҲֻЦɣ¶Էһλʥ۷Ѫ⣬㹻Լָˣ
䣡
ħϵĺ۶ȻըѶŨĺɫԵԼذ֮ͬԩ˵ظĽƣ˼䡣
һʱ֮䣬֮ҲǱùӰأޱȵɭ
飡
ɫ䣬еĹɲ䣬Ȼ£ֱӵЩŨĺɫ֮УȻȴЩɫɢһЩû˺ħ
ٺ٣ûõģƾʥ۷ΪҪ˺ң˵Σħ𿴼һĻɵЦøӲǰʥǿߣԼȫһȼģҪɱ練ƣ
ħһĨѪɫֱӵ˫צ鲼ɫͬһԹצ˺˿ռ䣬ݺݵضŷƵȥ
ʥǿߣһǺ޷֮ΧĿռ䶼ǱŨĺɫûκεضأֻǱسһ
Ƶ΢΢ʱҲħԾһˣԼһǻܳԾ
𣡡
ŭһֱӵʩչçİ壬˵嶸Ȼط˱仯Ѫɫķر鲼壬һ˫ԱϵţһɼΪǿڳ
ħؿܣ
һŭ۳һΪ貵췣֮мµƻ췣ֱ֮ӵ˺صغɫݺݵػӭĹצ
飡
ħԺлûзӦǸоһǿᵽԼƻ֮ƺǿ˺һУ
㣡ƣ
ʱħҲǷӦʱ˶Ǿˣôڴ˵أôһʺԺֶ֮Ȼȴûܹ𰸡
췣֮صĺɫǰˣħҲҧ˫ֽؿǰͺһΧĺɫʼϵѸپۼһơ
䣡
һ죬ɫϵطʧһӰҲǱسȻħ
ʱħһݣûףΪηƻڴ˵أȻһжûܹ𰸣ֻܹãպ˷Ҫԭ
ħڿסԼ壬Ҳųû뿪״̬ɲŷƽ֣ıռ·磬֪ΧûԺǿߣеĻԼ·ˡ
ħû·ˣƽ׷һ


2181 
Ƶٶȵ˼£һ֮⣬ħӰ׷ᣬħ⣬˿ӭս
һʱ֮䣬ĶѾǾۼ㣬ħͷӴϢ֮£û˸ҳһƵǷʲô顣
ħٶȼ죬ڿն֮󣬾ȻֱӵűԭķݶȥȻҪԭգѷƵ׷ɱ
Ȼȴǲ֪ƴеĿĵؾǱԭ¿ħ𽥵ؽ˱ԭķΧ֮ҲǸһĨЦХѵħ𣬰Һ
Хף̺ս⣬ϴζһ㲦֮󣬷ƿʼԵԼյսһ˵սһɵۣǲɣ
ƣɱңҲҵĶӣˣʮ֮Ǹһʲôĳ
ħЦ̺֮޾ĺ⣬˵ǷƳ֣Լô½۷ǿߵĸλ£䵽˺ĵز
ԣ˫΢У޾ɱôҪ׽סħ𣬴ƴŽԷ쿴֪Լĺںδ
ʱ˲ϵؽ׷Ѿǽ˱ԭķΧ֮У𽥵ƮűмĿ֮һƬѩף޾طѩʼϮ
˵϶˰˪һִ̹ǵı۽ë߶ǹ˱˪Ҳʮֵؾɣԭ֮ɿһߣ¶ȾȻֵס
ڰ벽۾ǿ˵Ѱȸ»Ǽµı޷˿ʵĸоһЩγɵ֮أԭ޾򣬶ǿԶɲСв
ħٶ죬ǽ˱ԭ֮Ҳܵ˲СӰ죬ۿŷٶԽԽӽڷȴ˿ѩҪɱ
ԼĴԽԽΣգħǲ԰׵ɫɵøһĨǣȻղ˵Լ±նɱɲԸʺĵطҪԼ
ԭȴһƬţڣȥĻԼƱػᱻƸ׷ʱûܹȵԼֻ޹
ҲΨǰˡħк޺޵صµҪȻ뿪ûа취ģһЩһЩܡ
ħ˵϶Ǹһ˿˿Ѫâѩ֮Ϊԣϴݳһ΢ƺʩչĳ
󣬴ʱħľѾǺܽӽֻҪƬ̣Լܹ׷ˣħʱ״̬ӭսԼֻҪѵ㹦򣬾ܹ£
䣡
ȻʱһħͻȻֹͣǰȻת˫Ŀֳ֮ɫȻǿʼԷʩչ˹
һӣѪɫӿ֣˵ϵرѩѪɫ֮ղϵر˺ѣħƺҪƴˣ
Ȼȴûע⵽Ѫɫ֮УһƼΪ΢ĺɫѸٵû˵µıѩ֮Уܿغټ
ƿħȻ¶̬ҲһȻȴŹᣬȻħҪͳȫ
飡
çİʩչ˫᲻ϵƶȻ̧ͷ˫иһĨ˵ս⣬ŭһҲǳȥ
ħʱ״ħƼΪȻͽֵƷ˽֮ѸٵرǽһײȻҲħ˵嵹ɶ
ƽϢһؿдҪԼħиֹһĨɻħսô˷е㲻Ѱĸо
Ȼûϸ룬ħٶϮȫ˸ղײʱƣ˾ͺһͷ˵ϻһ㣬ķˣ
ȥɣһĨâȻɻ󣬵ˣɲ룬Ҳֱӵش߶췣֮Ѹٵ۶һħڶȥ
֣ƺƵԭ˲һ£֮رѩֱӵرֱӵһ»ħ
ħһ̣ƵɫͱˣΪоħûκε÷ôסǸоͺħԼնɱһ㡣
üͷԽԽΪоõħڲϵر˺٣Էûа㷴ӦʱжȻһ


2182 ԭ
ãƻϼһҧгݵؽһһɢһԶɢֻһϢʬӰ֮е¡
ƽüͷǿһʬ壬һ̽ǷеİȻû꣡
Ҳ˵Ӳ֪ʱħԼֱӵߣ֮УԼȻûκη֣
̫ˣ֮вɵøֳһĨУԼǰΪԷˣûֶΣû̫Ȼħĺȴǳ󣬾ȻֱӵֻΪ˱
ס꣬˵һֵڷʽҩϾʽȻĴۺܴ󣬼ǿ˶ϵˣһǿֵ߲زǲʹֶεġ
ħΪ۷ǿߣ˵֮ǿͨᣬѸٻָʵҪ̫ˣһŪãһӾֻά״̬
ԽԽջ𣬱ֻһͿնɱħҵԼϢû뵽ȴΪԼĴ⣬ջħˣ
䣡
ֱӵػ֣һµǰıԭֱӵһ޿ӣѩ£Ƶĺϵػžıԭ֮С
ħ´μ㣬Ҫ֮أ
ڷй֮󣬷Ҳ𽥵侲ȻаգѾʵûа취أҲȥ׷ɱħ꣬ϾԷôźܴذԼ޷׷ɱõʱħѾ뿪˱ԭķΧ
غ˼Ҳǳ׵侲ȻɱħʧܣҲʱ»һϾһУħҲǸ˲صĴۣûˣҪ»ָ۷״̬ûиʮȻ޷
̧ͷһܣĿǰɫıԭ磬޷ϣһʱ֮ҲǷֲԼԭһλãҲѰ˼һýȥ
Ժ֮˵Ļڱԭ棬ֻҪѭŶߵķȥߣһܹԭģٻصڡ
ƿһգһ¶ߣֱӵضûĹȥи·˵ϲϵЩ췣֮һ±ѩ֮еĴ̹Ǻ䣬Ϊǵã˵ػıݵһͷµޣǲ֮¡
ڱԭģһƬı󣬶ڱ֮ϣһСţıݾǴһС֮ϣҲżؾʱ򣬿һСҲǷ˾ıݵĴڡ
Ҫȡ߾ıݵʱȴǴһŭԭǿʼڲһɼΪ׺Ϣֶ£ΪɵԭǣҲֱӵطȡ߾ıݵĴ㣬Ӷֱӵ뿪˱ԭ
ıѩڲϵƮƵӰ𽥵ʧڰɫ֮УֻһĽӡڱԭ֮ϣҲƬ̣ǲµıѩǽټ׵ڸסˡ
ԽԽ룬Ƹܵԭ֮Ѿǳ·ԼĪ죬ȴۿǰһƬɫط˵Ӱˣһ޵ټûС
ˣ˵ԭ滹޵ôôһûšɣȴѰҲκԭ֮һƬš
ʵ֪ǣԭ֮ǰħѾԭһΣɱ˴ǿޣɵ޸ƣΪħ˵ȴʥ׵ǿ߶һ㣬Ѱ߶û˿ãֻǽעЩϡ
Ҫ֪ޣŲǿʥǿ߲ĴڣǵѪǳŰħ˵ǻŲٵĹЧ
¼ŵĸ·֮У˵죬˵һƬ󸽽
ȻǰԼľɫûʲôһƬããվڱİߣ͸һ㸲ڱı㣬ظоõ棬µϢڲϵζ
·һЩǿޣڷƸоǵͬʱЩҲǺֱӵظܵ˷ƵĴڡ
䣡
һ죬һͻȻرǱѶһǺڴ̵ޣǳŷŭһٶ˱֮С
һĻƲɵýüͷӸղһͷڷĸ߶ԼҪɹ󣬿»һ֮£ʲôʽпܻܵЩ޵Ĺ


2183 Ѱ
ȻҪɹѰҵһصĵ죬ҪߵķʽܣЩڱı㣬ƺŨ񣬵һսȻԼ಻㡣
ǷڿеĻ߶Ȼ̫ˣΪǾĿããıѩһи׻һ죬̫͵Ļͻܵ·ЩϮ
һͷͷ޵ϮƸɵһȺĻδԼܴ鷳˭֪Լ޻᲻ǳȺȺس֡
ǰƺҲûиõİ취ˣֻ̤նУƺø߶ȣܵ޵ϮӸղųһͷϢӦʥǿߵϢ޼ǲ֪ڱ֮Ŷ١
̾һҲǶ˶ϵİ˪ԼŲվƬ̣ԼͲͬ˱һ㣬ɼ¶ǶôؾˣѰʥŲ˶ãѹ½طǰ벽ۼǿߣҲǲóȻش롣
΢΢һ˱ֱӵƿնȥ̤֮УƵ񲻶ϵò˵ͬҲޱȣȻҲͬͷһ㡣
ؽԼڿյĸ߶ȿһȽϽλãڹ۲ǰͬʱע⵽ı״ͬ˵ǿ͸͸ı㣬ؿ·ʮӴĺӰڽԼС
ЩǸ鷳Ʋɵýüͷûֻ֣ҪЩ޲ϮҲó֣ϾʱҪȰƶĵҵ¡
ƲЩޣЩȻ׵طŹƣڳƬ̵׷֮ڷƵҲǾۼԽԽޣżͷް಻סʼ׼Ҫƶˡ
꣡
һͷ޿ʼײ˱㣬һǰЩر㶼ײѺۣԿЩ̺˿
䣡
飬һͬεޣڱѵһ˲䣬ֱӵسǰ֮зеķƣһͷ޳أȻһ˫΢͵ĳ򣬲ϵȶš
΢΢ſ죬˸źâĶΪۣڻ̺ž綾һҧУͻᱻϣڷ˵ɲһ¡
Ҳڱ㸡Ѻ۵ʱѾעõˣһԼʱҲ˫һȵ
мٵ۳һ췣֮ͷһǱóΪһСϵΧԼ壬ָᶯָһԼޣȵȥ
˲ǳٶȼΪ죬ûзӦѾǱסˣ˲Ǳһ۵Ĺâ
֨֨
޷һĽ岻ϵس鴤ŤҪѵ췣֮۶ɵȴͽ޹Ƭ̺»ص˷ƵУһ޵ʬҲͬһ齹ֱ̿ӵڱ档
һźںʬ壬ƲɵЦЩĲϮȻҲǲ֣סЩޣ»鷳
꣡
һ̣ٶѣüͷһԭһʬµıȻƬӰֱӵؽһͷ޵ʬʳֵ
һĻҲΪȣЩ޾ȻײˣԼͬʬ嶼ҪɣԼҪСһУղһĻԼƳ˺üֲͬޡ
ƳסٴβϵǰУȻڱ·ڽΪղ޵ʬѪȣ⸽޶ǾۼȥԽԽࡣ
ҲΪˣղŷ۶һ췣֮ȻЩ޲˼ɵһʱ֮䣬ҲûϮ
ڴˣҲҡҡͷµıۼԽԽޣɲһ£ҰЩ޿ʼ½ؼ٣һЩţЩһⶼӵǿϢ붼ʥ֮ϡ
ڷ֮еķƣͻȻһæƶһͷ޴ĺӰѸٵԼζһͷޣȻӵʥ۷Ϣ
΢΢һЩΪǰϮԼǵȴͷһﵽٷϮò˵Щ޻һЩ֡
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵɫʼΪļ⼸ͬӴĺӰѸٵԼζ
ֹһͷʥ۷ޣ


2184 ޾
ֹͣǰڰ֮У·Ӵ޺ӰɫΪѿΪ֣⼸Ӱĳ֮ЩʣȻ˷ʱʱԾˮ档
һĻȻʮζʲôԼ˱ޣȫʥ۷ʵ
ͷ޵ľ޴Ӱ𽥵ؽԼΧɫҲǸֹһĨأҪնɱЩ޲ѣԼͻᱻסͻʮֲ
ϰϵӿ˱ǶȻؼ٣Ҫеذľŵɫ޴Ӱ
ȻŵӰļ룬ΧЩӵʥϢޣҲǲϵس㣬ʼŶԷƽϮ֮£ܿǼؿʼ顣
𣡡
һӴĺɫӰһͷĿʥ۷ޣǰ಻סֱӵƿ˱㣬ϵŤţŷ˺ҧȥ
о裬۽ƳһӰޣȻ࣬ɫͷǣµצɢĺâԶݵڷڰ֮С
ᶯһ췣֮۶γһ߳棬ָʱرһͷޣʹԷٴ֮УҲǳֱӵضԶ
ڼٵط֮УƲϵؾĿңҪѰҵһƶĵ죬ΨܹѵЩ޵׷𣬵ȴʧˣٳԼĪǰʱ֮һƬããı󣬲ûа㵺ģ
ʱҲǱüΪΪʱŷƲϵУΧ۶ҲԽԽ࣬Ŷʮͷлʮͷʥ۷ޣؿŷƣʱ׼ƿ㣬ԷʵϮ
䣡
һ죬ЩҲǰ಻סˣƺŹͬĬһ㣬ͬһʱ֮䣬ֱӵƿ˱㣬Ծ˰գǶݵͣʱ䣬ʼ˺ҧȥ
ܹһ·׷浽ޣһǼΪ£㲻ʥ۷壬ҲСӣӺοʱԷƷǣһȺޣ
һĻ״Ϊ嫣ʮͷƿ㣬ͬȺħһ㣬ŭ¶һ̺Ӵ
֮以ɣʵǽǰ벽۵ǿϢڱ֮еڶ˵һջ󣬼֪ԼܹɱƵĿԺЦǷӵϡ
˺ƵܼǷƣҲòֹͣǰ̤ڰ֮Уڳ˾ս⣬ֻɱЩޣη壬ǲԼҪ鷳Щ㲻ʶʱҪϮԼȻҲǲ֣
䣡
һ̣սգͬһսһһͷʥ۷ǰڵѸٵȭͷֱӵغ
飡
ƵȫһЩ޿赲ͷޱֱӵرһȭ飡ըѪƮɢڿУ鲻ϵص·ڶ޵ᡣ
ţ
һ֣Ҫһι۽ȴƳѪ֮Уȴ˸ЩâΪأһֱӵ˸ǰԽѪһâֱӵסУ
һֱ¶ȣ滹ЩȵȳѪҺƽյһ˲䣬ǸоһֳһһĪЩ޵۶ɣ
룬һƿɫ΢䣬ֱӵ˸ܶǿղžȻһ˲ͷ޶Ϯ
ͷʥ۷ޣ˫Ŀ죬¶Ŀ׺ݵضŷƣȷе˵ǶŷյһŹâͬǿһ㣬ĺ
ǣƵͷԼдʱһöξ壬մȾЩѪżΪȻһͷ޵ȫڡ
𡱡𣡡
Ӷŭ󶼷·Ƿһ㣬ƲʱЩ޵ߣԼеöξ֮С
ЩҪͬ嶼Ҫôɫ΢䣬龧壬Χһһϵظֳľ޴ޣһȴһơ
Щ٣ʱҪ׵նɱǲܵ£ЩҲҪ֣޷֤⣬еöξ壬ЩɱػôԼɾͻʮֵ
뵽Ƶ΢΢ЩޣҲǺٺһЦ˵ӰȻ˸


2185 
Ƶٶʩչ£ڿнһӰֱӵضһͷʥ۷޳ȥеս߶Ѹٵ۶һ߳棬ݺݵȥ
һʱĸԼУѾԺزԼڵս⣬ǿԽʵʻΪԼĹֶ֮һ
Դ½֮޾ʱյ˺飬ˮºͷǽӡũҩǰԼܹݵ࣬ҲΪ֮ǰĹֶֻ췣֮һ֡
ս֮ռ䱻˺ѣһͷޣӦֱӵرնɱ屬ѿһ˲䣬ƣһεǳ֣һͷ޵֮һöξ塣
һ֮󣬴ƶ˵ĺӰԼɱˣ˿壬ЦֱӵؽеöξŲͬ
ݣ
һʱ֮䣬ȺҲǱʮͷ޿ʼöξµķȥǶԷƳϮ޴ӰҲǶȻתֱӵͬķȥ
ٺ٣ɱ¾ʱ䣡һĨ˵ĺ⣬˱ǻһӰزϵشڶ֮С
飡
ЩȻΪǿ󣬵ȴûǻֻۣܹűȥ׷Щ̺ĶڷƵļıҲû˿ľ
Ӷصͳһͷһͷ޲ϵرնɱȴǷ֣еޣ̺ξ壬նɱʥ۷ޣŻξĳ֡
ƿ龰Ҳף֪ЩΪζЩξᣬʥ׵ޣʥ۷ޣǷš
ųڣѾնɱͷʥ۷ޣҲöξ壬Ŀ֮£Щξ嶼һһرԼ䵽ͬķȺĺ䶯Ѱһоɱ
ɱǱúɣûлѵĹ򣬱Ѿնɱһͷޣǲõ޶ϮΪЩ޶ڷЩξ壬ܷƵĶ
ǵȻҲ̺żΪԱξ˵Ǻ߸ΪһЩЩǻ۵һ˵ѡǱܵѡ
󣬷Ʋǽеʥ۷޶նɱ˻մȾѪ֮⣬ûκƣ֮У·ǲϵػ˺ҧޣҲҡҡͷ
ʱЩʥ۷ޣԼնɱ֮󣬶ЩһֱǻԶҿޣҲһϣʱٶȱҡ
赶ɱˣֱӵؽ޶棬Щξ壬Ȼ̺ŰǶּǿ˵ȴûжá
ûм֣վڰ֮Уؿڶ޵ΪѪȣͬ඼ǿԻɱ֮ء
Ƭ֮·ɱ¾ڼ⸽ı󣬽ݱΪѪɫ޵Ĳ֫ѪҺϵһƬŵıһĨΪ޵Ѫɫ
ƿвӴȻҲûȤۿȥЩ޵󣬼ܹᵽξ壬ҲûǸӸҶԷƼʩϮԷҲǺܰȻƮȻȥ
ڽЩ֮󣬷˵ٶȲɵüӿ죬ղ˷ѵʱеˣǸӰӶûпȥѰҾıݡ
ĿĵطţֻǸűϳߵķȥУһ·϶ǼΪţΪͷųǿϢΪմȾ޵ѪֱһЩޣҲǲҿ
ʱķƣڱ֮еУɾһɱȻû̫ǻۣһմȾԼͬѪǿߣǿǲٴϮ
׺ʱǸͷƿǰããһƬɵ¶һ˿ĻɫѾ˱ĵھ죬ûκη֣˵ǵˣһͷ޵Ӱûп
ڴʱȴǸеΧϢȻ½࣬Ӷ̧ͷͣΣɨܣ⸽ĵ£ѾǿԶԼв³


2186 Ϯ
ܵΧı仯Ҳǿʼע⣬Ȼȴûз֣ΧʲôͬѰĵطҲֱӵؼǰٶȼࡣ
Χ¶ȣԽԽͣǷҲе㿹ⲻסĸоѪҺͬһæǿת
ĵطô£Ʋɵаһ䣬ʵ̫ˣڰ֮Уȴûаջ񣬶ôʱ䡣
ı㶼Ȼ֮ǰҪ࣬ǿ塣ƺܿǷһЩͬĵطǴ˵ظı㶼Ǻ࣬ǰԼ֮㻹һ͸Կʲôȴȫ
ͻȻ֮䣬ͣסɨ·ı㣬˳˼֮УоԼǴһЩʲôطɻ󣬵ҲǳŽڱ֮ϡ
ڱ㣬üͷøΪ֣ԼڵƬı㣬ʵܶ࣬ͬƽأһڱ֮Уʵ
ͣ
Ȼʱһ΢촫˴˵صļžҲ˲ػ̤ڵ棬Ҫڿն𣬵ǲ֪ΪΣԼһŲȥıȴǶȻѿ
ƸоԼ岻ƽ⣬˶ǵ֮УһּΪ¶Ǵӽŵ֮ȫ궼һҪĸо
ԺһƷ÷ƸоһвУҲȫ߶Լڵ췣֮ӽŵ׳˲佫ѾǽԼС̵ıҲ飬ӰһΣֱӵλλ뿪ԭλá
䣡
Ӵıһӱֱӵ飬˸֮Уδؿ״ɵ΢΢ſ죬ӾǾȵɫ
һ׵ĺɫӰӣͬһһ㣬ƿ㣬ݺݵسԼղڵλã֮㾡飬ıмɽ
ҲǿһɫӰӷйĴ֣һɹ֮Ѹٵʧ˱֮У˿޷Էټ
ˣƲɵһطΪʲôû޵ĴڣΪһͷǿµ޴ڣǶǲҿԼȴ˿ûвĲöԷֳɹ
ղŵһŰ벽Ҳһƴ֮ɫ𽥵رһҲ뵽ˣĪػıݵһޣ
˵֪һͷµػžıݣʲôӣԼҲû˵пܣıݾڸ
뵽һ㣬ƵǱûԼѰôãΪĲǾıô
Ȼʱ򣬱ٶȱһӰٶϮٶȼΪѸ٣һηƸֱӵؿˣֱһ֣ĳ޵Ĵ֣ҲǼΪأһ֣˵ĳȣʵжôؿ£
ƿնĴ֣źɫĹâ̺ž綾һУûκηء
ȻˣҾնųâսһ߶б۳һѷУ֮ж˶ţ˱Ǳȥ
ͣ
ʱ·ı㶸ȻٶѿĵͬĴٶȳ֣γ˼й֮ƣŷһϮ
һĻɫ΢䣬ɨһܣԼûȴأҲֻǼӿٶȣԼǰһնȥ
ǿͻƣն֣
ûѡܣչ¶ԼǿƵһ棬еų貵Ĺâ֮ͬеһ㣬ǲһ
߾
Ƶٶȼ죬һգ۱ֱӵһֵǰ˱Ƕһȳ֮ζŻ΢΢סһϵ̣üͷЩ쳣ζЩɢڵһʧصļȻһ־綾
ֵĿ֮˷Ƶû뵽̺ǿҵľ綾һе£ֱӵȥһ
ĻǵĻ𻨣ɫȻ䣬ղһҪϵһ㣬һ̫ӲˣӲĳ̶ǳԼ
һҲ˷ƵһȻûնⴥ֣Ҳ˲ٵ˺±µ˱֮УҲǳյ˸ܿĵֵϮ
䣡
ڷƶڶι֮ͷµƺҲǰ಻סˣڲ


2187 ߣ
⸽ı㿪ʼ飬һŸĴִӵ³ͬһһ㣬ϵس˷ơ
ͻȻܼ˶һּΪ״̬Ĺͬһ㣬˵һζ֮󣬽ͬһʱ䣬Ӱ˲Ϯ
⵽ʲôⴥ֡ƲɵÿʼаһµľȫͱԼѹŴ򣬶ֵĻᶼûУ㴥ֵĹ̫ܼˡ
ֻǽбĶЩǲϵس˴֣м֮Уһɫֽ֯һͬһ޵һ㣬̸ƣ
ʱҲضһɫġ½ءȫشӱ֮иֶһĻƲɵһ㶣Ǻɫģȥһһô
ô컹³ڱ֮УоɲȻܿˣƬ֮ɫĵȻڲϵ÷Ʋǣ죬ȥڷϮЩ֣ơ
ĪǣжȻһܿ뵽ĳֿܣȻһĻҲͬΪ֤һ㣡
䣡
ЩȫرϵűмĽʱһɫ죬Ҳ¶ʵĿȻһ޵ͷ­
һͷͬһޣֻʮӴ󣬶ҴҲǷǳض࣬ʵǹ쵽㣬ǲţϻصޣ
ͷ޳֮Ҳֹͣ˹ڶĴ֣һʱ֮ҲǷ׷׵ͣƵԴĻᣬղֶ֮УԼǺüξͲϮ
Ȼ֪ͷΪֹͣ˹Ҳǽ˸ԶԶģվڰ֮УͷޣҲһֱʱȫؽͷ޵òˡ
ӴӽٵɫĴִ֮չͷ­Ҳǰһ족һ˫ޱȾ޴ض
˫жһֺǰͷޣΪԲԼ÷ɵǣоõǰͷޣǻһ㡣
ްҲûκζߵĶ໥ӣȻʱ򣬷ƿͷ޵ͷ­֮ϣһСƬһЩֵĶ
һԭ޵ͷ­üһ飬СһֲڲϵҡҷţһĻҲ÷һĪǾǾıݣ
࣬ﲻĵط
ͬʱһǰͷ޴÷ƶΪ֮һͷ޹ȻȻô֮ܰѶԷͨſǲǻۡ
סעͷޣͬʱʶѰҾıݾһ
Ȼһ֮󣬷ɫһ䣬ȻظоΧıǱòһڶĴڲϵػţڱ
ŭ
һֱڹ۲ͷ޵ɫ仯ȻԼ˾ı֮󣬶ԷȻǱʮַŭЩ趯Ĵ֣ҲһЩ֣һԼϮܼǷǳԽжܡ
ıݣߣȻעҵͷôЩɶߣ
ͷ޴쳣Ƿŭһ˫޴עŷƣƺֶᷢϮһ㡣
ԣƲɵһ㶣ԼѰҵĲǾıôôͻͷ޵⣿ҲæҲ㣬ѰҾıݾ˵ģ
ҪıݣǵҪҵô
ǰ಻סеķŭʼڶĴֿʼϵһŷƷϮͬһ޵һ㣬˲ظ˷ƣ
һĻ̲סһĳ嶯ͷ޾Ȼ˲ԼѰҾıݶѣôͳҪ⡣
ȻԷ޷ú˵ǷҲһͷ޵ͷ­֮һ򣬿ǼҡҷϵСȻҲԼĴ㡣
ûв´ĻǾǾıݣ
Լܹɹıݶȡ֣ȻѸٵس룬ôͷҲ޷׷ԼһԼڷϰգٶԶڶԷǶԷȻڱ󣬵Ҫ׷ԼĻΪ
뵽ɫҲʱѾЩֵĹѾԼǰ˿ĵѸٵؿʼ˶ܣЩֿǲ䴥ԼһմȾϣ¾ͼΪ鷳


2188 
˿µĹƣûκεسɣͬӰһ㣬ϵؽжƬ֮󣬷ƱǸоõΧĴԽԽܼ࣬Ĺƽ٣жĿռԽԽ١
޴ߣȻҴ򱾴үľıݵ⣬ȥɣ޷˾ŭ𣬴ԭ£ЩҲǷ˱仯ɫı棬ϵɫѸٵسΪһ
һзĴ֣һ˲ǳΪһҲϵشγһΣ鲼ƬΣ
ʱҲûκεأֻڶԷĹƣϵ˺εķΧ𽥵⿴ͺһ޴ر飬Ѹٵ۳Ρ
Ǿıôͷ­ЩǱݣһΣƿصֵţڵֿͬʱǴޣϣԷܹһıݣ
֪ıݶ˵ǶôҪôŭƱøΪ
ҿнֻҪҪʲôҶȥѰҵõнǲģԷʵԼǷʢһϵ
Ǿнɣ޵£Я޾ŭ𣬶ʱҲǳ׵سͣСԼĪֻаߵķΧڰ֮пһ޴͸ţѾǱ棬ûκεͻƻᣡ
ƴʱ״νʮֵزԴԼνס֮Χ¶Ȼؽͣһо˶Ǳһ㡣
çİ壡

սһ
ֻŭ𣬸޷˿رԼĵƶǾʩչ֪ԼԵͷޣһΪµĴڣһпҪС
޿ٶҲǸоõԼγɵ֮УּΪǿںһ𣬲ϵسײΣҪԼöµΣȻȴ˿壬һ˫޴֮¶˷̵ɫƺ⿴ڽдһ㡣
ȻʱƿνǱǿʩչçİ˵ƶһأ˫ŭܵ͸ر飬֮е貵췣֮ϵ۳һ򣬷͵
棬һ췣֮۶ɵڲϵȼһ׺ս⣬սһһʩչ÷ƱΪǿ
ƣʱҲǸоõƵƿʼüΪֲԼ񱩣Ҳǿʼ
һˣҪҪЩΪܹô˫Ȼһ̣һξסƣȻò
㣬ú˵ҪƵСүҶô¾Ͱʬˣ
ƴڱ֮У˫ĿؿޣŭƱǵ۷壬֮£ΧסƵҲǿʼҡȻǳһ˿˿Ѻۣŭ͸Ѻ۴춯
ˣҲ˫أϿʼֳЩɫĹâЩâ֮Ưűڰ֮Уγһ
ԭֻȭͷСȻƬ̵֮£Ȼ˲С𽥵رһǿĿռ䲨
ʱ򣬺򲻣ӦǺڶΪڶγɵһ˲䣬ҲǱΪǿҵΧĿռ䶼ǲϵŤţʼһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ռ䣺޾ɱ
Ҳ͵ſ죬ͬһޣһڶǻؽٶ£ĴԱߣʱһγɵξȻǻڶƶȥ
֮еķƣȻҲǲ״һڶ֮УҲܹܵõǿµĿռ䲨Ҳһ޾Ȼóռ֮
δӣڶͨҵ֮Уһ£ʲôŽ޾ؽɱ˫֮¶˷ԼҲû뵽ȻᱻƳһУҪ֪һУԼ˵ҲзգΪ޲һڵξѾǱ۳һСռ䣬ΪԭʼΪµĿռ籩
һڶ룬ͻһСռ䣬޾ؿռ֮ɱǿᵽ㹻ĵزǿֱΪƿһռ䣬ȻȴǾ÷Ƹû


2189 ͳ˱
Ȼ֪ǰʩչĺڶռ便ʲôҲһϣǾǶԼΪ
𣡡
ʱȫǹ˱˪Կó֮ڵ¶ȵжôؿ£췣֮Ҳ޷ľƷչȥʼնᱻڶ֮С
ȼգսһҲǹ˲ô࣬еսܵȼʱ˵ʼ𽥵رóΪһֽɫĹâθֳһ˿˿Ѻۣ
еսȼգ˫Ŀ죬ŭһȦȦµϵ֮гαֵѺҲԽԽ࣬ۿҪЩ޴۶ɵΣ
Ȼ޵ȻʹŷƵԼµΣҪ֪Щ۶ɣȫԼĴ֣һǿƿԼҲҪһЩɡ
޵˫ŭɣеĺڶԽԽ࣬ǸӵʢȻʱһڱϵţۿžҪ˺ڶ棡
䣡
ʱȴǶȻشһͳر˫ͻȻؽ˱µƿһǣ
һȻСԺԣȴ޸оһΣգٶȥԼûڶ֮УǱεĽ
£
Ҳ˫֮иֹһĨ֮ɫ÷ƵЩ֣ô˵һʮصƣҲǹܲôֱ࣬ӵʩչһ
Ƭ֮ڵҲǿʼ÷ϵµĺ֮Զһ㣬ԲǧĿռ䣬ͬ򣬾Եñ
޵˫ѪɫʩչһкϢȻ΢࣬Ϊһб£Ǻķٴ۲ʩչ
ƴ֮УƿһǣȻûüΣǶȻظоһָΪµı֣֮鲼ռ䣬޴ڡ
һ̣оõԼ궼Ǳһ㣬֮еҲȻֹͣתڲѪҺڲϵ̡
ңԵıʩչȻʩչΣٶȱãѾͻƿһǣٴ۶ɣ˵Ǻˣ
˵˸նľ֮У
͸͸ı飬֮еķƣʱһҲ忪ʼ˪𽥵ɱܿ죬°ѾǱˡ
޿һĻ˫֮и¶˷ܵɫ²ɵüӿ˺ڶʱ򣬽ķƣֱӵɽڵĿռ䣬ԼŰֱնɱԷ
޲Էɱ֣Ͼչ¶ʵҲǲֻ˷ƣȻƽӶرǿ޶ԷƵȤɵƵĻôʵһ
УҲˣƴһУҲҪƵԵʣֻҪһԼڶ֮Уôƶ˵ɾǴ׵ĸ
ʱķƣν궼һ㣬˺ʶ㣬Ѿǵܿ죬ͻᵽ࣬ٺ޷Ļʱƾͻһ
ʱ򣬷Ƶĵ֮оȻǴһ΢֮Ƭ̺󣬷ϰʼͨһѪܶǳֶ˵ɫǱûģͬһŻȼգ
𣡡
һ̣Ƶ˫ȻһȭͷҲǽգĽɫâٶŶ±ⶳĲλʼ𽥵ڻ
˫̺֮޾âڸղصʱ̣ԼҲǲ㱻ʱȴͻȻӿֳһּΪϤ˹
ѾȫӡһƿʮֵڵԼԽռʱ𣬺ӡ
ԭΪӡʹʧȴû뵽Լ֮Уȴǻ̺һֵ˷ţԼ㱻ȫһ̣ڵֱӵر
һαҲΪǰӡ壬µĲ񾭹ʹã˵Ӵ֮ӡͻ᳹׵ʧ
֮УڵĲӡҲֱӵؽΪԼȡʱ䣬ǴʱޣѾǷǳؽӽˡ


2190 ռ
ԭ쳹һ֮е޶ǸоһԴĿ־壬Ƕŷƺڵĵطݶ£
ʱޣҲؾ֮ɫӷϸܵһּΪµ˵һƣλ߶ѹơ
ߣǲѣ棡
ŭβϵرۿҪ˺ڶ֮УƴʱȻ˫Χ͸ڣ˫ֳ֮ɫֱӵһȭǺȥ
꣡
һΣһΪʱںε˲両ֳһѺۣò˵޵ΪˣʩչĺΣȻڷһȭ֮£Ҳûֱӵ
ҡҡ׹ıѩΣƲɵһʱŰţӡĲֲԼľ֮вϵرš
ƣ
˫ŭɣٶǻӳȭͷݺݵضŲѺ۵ĳһݺݵȥ
룡ȻʱҲŭųĹâѪ̴죬øΪ£ɫγɵĺڶȻһ¡
䣡
һĵͳѩˣıмֶ¶ʹ֮ɫĴγɣƿͬܵش
ȻʱѩѾǽ˺ڶıԵһ˲䣬Ҳ˫һĨ֮ɫȫȻԼƣֱӵһڶ
֮УƸƿΣȴΧĿռ䴫һµɫȻرȫתҪ
ȻҪռ֮˲ƳȥȴܵĿռ䶼ǰһڣԼһƬڰ֮Уû뵽Լƿ˺Σȴʩչĺڶ֮С
ʱƸоԼڸ߿֮вϵ׹䣬޷ƽ⣬ܺĳصڽԼ壬޷κεĶֻĳ
棬ڽڶ֮Ҳŭһվ˵̫޴ˣԼڶഥγɵĺαǿƵ϶ƯĶ֣֫
޴ʱǳŭԼǱԭߣȻһս̶ֳȣԼˣ侲Ƭ֮ҲǵͳغһӴ建س˱
ԣȻһεսˣջҲΪʢôһǿ߸ȫɵԼڵĿռ䣬ܹԷƱԼʵپһ
޵ʧҲǻƽƬ֮󣬿ʼһЩޣûƬǿʼµĶ֣֫Щ˵Ҳһִ֮
ڣ䡣
ǴʱƵĸоԼͬ׹һĺڰ֮УԼûκܹƶǶһָͷ޷
֪˶ãƶȻǰһΧڵĻ𽥵ʧֳ΢Ĺâʱ򣬷ƾϲط֣ԼԶˡ
ͨ
ʱ򣬴һӸ߿׹·ƱǷһʹԭѾǵˣűʹУƻ˫Ϊϰ˺ڰȻֵĹâ۾΢Բ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƲӦΧĻȻȴӸһĨȣΪԼǴһֵĿռ䣬ΪӴ󣬶Χһͬˮһǽڡ
΢Ĺâ͸Щˮǽ·Ҳǲɵһ棬Լڵطһôĵط
еĺ棬ƲϵţܿǷˣռԼǿԿΧǽ͸ǽڣȴζ߲
üͷ壬Ʋɵüӿٶȣͬɱһ㣬ϵǰţȻԼͺͬԭ̤һ㣬ǽڣƺԼǳңԶľ룬ôܣܲ
֮󣬷Ҳͣʼ˼ţǵԼǱ޿еһڶ룬ӦСһĿռ䡣
Ī޵ڣгһܵĽ͸ǽڣԺ֮ͷ͵ԼھɱһЩʥ۷޵ʱǵڻȡһЩξ塣
ɫȻرùŹ֪ξ˵ɵߵĵһҪ޾ȻԼطѵͲԼֱƵռ䣿
ʱͻ


2191 ռ籩
ΧЩ͸ǽͻȻظһŤһµǴһĻķȻ˷Ƶע⣬ɫҲǱüΪء
ռ˵ξγɵС磬˵̺һаգԼ˵ԷҲŰգҪԼնɱ
ݣ
˲䣬вϵشƿȻȴûпκεض˸һ̣оŤһתǸоղһɼΪµԼ
Щʲô
о㵣Ȼûһ̱żϵƿ룬˵ٶ˼£ϵš
ʱҲڿԼϮľʲôˣһµĿռ֮۶ɵУڲϵشܽ͸ǽ֮б
ЩռУ޼ѰǿֻеǰƲܹͨռĲΪ֮
ͻȻˣǰŭ޾ؽɱĪָľô
£ƲκεдЩռг˿ͨϴŵķλֻмϮԼ߲ܹһͻᱻС
ݡ
ƿԽԽ࣬ǿҲ֪ԼĴʼΣܿ죬ڱǳƣܼĿռƿնֱӵļ֮һ˿ڡ
ȻֱӵظۣεĿռȴļһǳѪۣһĻƲɵýüͷЩռȻȥܿ¡ǿƿԼķȴû̫ãֻһ˿ڡ
ĪҪ޾ĿռôɣΪ֪õһЩռûлԼ֮󣬱ٶûܵ͸ǽ֮С
ӣЩռǿԲϵͬ޾һ㣬һ㵹÷ΪգȻһ̣ܿǷЩռеؿ֮
˿֮űռиܿǸоõԼڵƺڻţûзȻϵ˿ڶٶȾʮֵˡ
вޱȣæסԼΣǿе췣֮Լܱγһ֣ʱصֵסЩռС
ԼڣƬ֮ǷŵԭԼ˿֮ƺһµԼڵϵشŶ
ң֣ڵһųûֱӵɢǱܵĿռգٶȷ͸ǽ֮У
ɾǵڣ֮УԼڵһУֵסЩĿ¿ռУһԼڶƣôٶȾͻﵽһµĳ̶ȡ
Լֵ磬һᣬҲˣ
޿ȻַӣϢ֮аҸɵôƲ˲Ҳ˳˼֮УҪ취ذ
Ϊռ˵޵Լ棬ʵȶᱻѹƣʱֵ췣֮ڳ˹Ƭ֮Ҳ𽥵ؼˡ
棬̶ֳȵĿռ֮޷췣֮˲һ
̧ͷһܣ˫ü壬ҪѰҳƽİ취ȻͬһյС磬ӦκεڣΧĿռ֮Ҳ޷Լá
ˣ
ȻʱΧ͸ǽڣǼ䱬貵ǿҹâõ÷һǸоõΧĿռһ˲ʧˡ
֪ʲô飬ɻؿܣΧǽ֮貵Ĺâ۳һ㣬γһõӰȻޣ
ĳ֣ûиеκ⣬ϾǶԷڵĿռ䣬ҲǱüΪ˫޶˿ӶԷ
ûκܵˣ
ǰޣʶƵԺ֮Уһ˫˫Ȼ¶һֵ⣬ŷƵͬͺ˿Լһ㡣
޴İ׳գӦþڵһöξڰɣ˵ΪҪĵط˵һƿ³ôƲʾͬظֳһĨЦ
ԣ޵˫ȻֳһĨ㵣û뵽ƾȻܹ׵ز²⵽ˣطǺδȷҲͬ˵طһǿƿôҲԶˡ


2192 ռ䷨
ûõģʵƲͬҵҿһУһжѹˣ޵ŭ
Ȼǰѷƴռ䣬ȻҲŰսԷնɱڴ˵أĶ֮޷Ų˶ãΪûκգһǱи˿ڣڵͻϢرɡ
ԭҲΨܹʩչٶΪֻһͷ벽ۼޣʥ۷ޣȻͬӵоˣȴûиش޷ξ֮ôһС硣
Ȼ֪ͬҲǲ֪½֮ϣܶǰǳߣֱӵռ½ѹоԷƵΪ޷̶ȡ
ǾƣؿһӰûйֻһͶӰѣ޵ǻɱҲûκô
޵Ӱһֱӵʧռ䣬ͬûгֹһ㣬һȥͶӰƵɫʮء
Ҳǿ϶֪ޱȻʱ̹עſռԼȴǲ¶Ϊڵξռ䣬ֵֻ꣬״̬ԷƣǱȻ
һԼشǱЩռи˿֮ʱôޱȻֱӵس֣Աɱƣ꣡
һַνǼΪ񶾣޾ؿռвϵиȫʱ̵ţЩŵǱɵ
̧ͷΧܽ͸ǽڣʱٶȷ΢ĹâǳֳһŤĸоҲһЩռз籩Ҫʼˡ
ڷƵĿת֮£ǰµǼ˿ѾȬЩռиʱ˿һΪŻЧ
ٶȼǿ췣֮ƲǱֱӵڵϣȻĿǰûа취ȥǾΨӲţ
ʱҲһֱעŷƵĶ˾ٶҲǺЦѣ̫ˣΪܹ⵽Щռ籩ô
һ˸㣬ҵ磬ҿƿһУʱ䷨һ죬һ£ҿܹŵȥ
ؿռ֮Уϵػ޵ЦƴʱҲֱӵ˫͸¶һ־֮ɫʱ䷨ô޻ƿ
Ȼռ䣬С磬Ȼ˵һеĴڣǷƴûпܹʱҲδԼ
ңʲôʱ䷨Ļô˵޲ӵй˵Ŀռ䷨򣬻ܹʱ䷨
ʱ䷨÷ĪĲ˵һ죬һµĻǶԼ˵ʣʱͲˡ
һһ£ʮһ꣬Լռͣĸ£ǵֱӵعʮʱ䣡
뵽һ㣬ƲɵһҲеĲ죬ΣԼǰΪҪ飬ͻȻѰһѾıݶȡ֡
ʵƲ֪ǣıݶ˵ǼΪҪ֮ʵžıźܴĹϵûоıݣȻҲͻƵ벽۵ľ硣
ԣ˵ҪȡıݵʱŻ˶ŭⲻ͵ҪôŻ˶ŭ޸ǿ˷ڰ˵ҲǴ֮
ݣ
֮Уʱٶȴƿռз籩ٶһηȴɫƽûκζ췣֮Ũ˼֣γһ֡
ͣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƱǲΧ췣֮һֿڲϵسײԼһȦȦ貵췣֮ǲϵ
ڵΧռ䶼ǲϵŤһֱڳΪȫ߶Լڵ췣֮һʱƬ̣Щռл޷˺Լ
ͬԼ֪ܹãΪطûκ䣬һڵ췣ָ֮ģô³Ϳ֪ˡ
лڻ񣬷вϵͷҪѰҳһƽ˵صİ취ǿƵռĻûЩռеţҲְա


2193 ʸ˫
һյһ£ڷƱڵʱѾȻعȥԼĪǰʱ䣬棬½ƽԺͳһ֮£ûĸͷǣһЩʥǿУ½ȴԽԽһַĸо
棬ʥǿǽӶȥ״һȫɿݣѪ⣬꣬һ㶼ʣһ£Ϊ»ֻţԺǿ߶һµؾʱͬʱӿѰ޵;
ԭϢԺǿ߶УҲע⣬±ֱӵеǿ߷Ժټһλ䡣
Ժĸ߸ߺ֮Уڶǿ߶ǳڴ˵أÿ˵ɫǱüΪ࣬ΪȥˣûѰҵֵϢʥǿɲϵ
λӱԭϢǰһѪλʥǿߣںһλʥǿ֣߳ǵϷ˾սӴ֮Ҳǳ׵ʧˡ
صصΪԭ侳̫ңԶܶϢҲǸ޷ʱ֪һϢҲҪǲ֪
ʥǿߣǰĻʱӦþǷ˰ɣĿĵؾǱԭѰҾıݡʱʥҲǿڵǰһʱѾǱչˣʱϢʮֵذ磬һѹֵĸо
һγʱرչأʥļ£ǷȱֻһܹشĽɾشۣһҪȥѡ
Ҳô룬ƷƵҲǷħټԲŻսȻûлɱħ֮ʱ棬½زʥǿȥԺҲʼ˶ˡһ£ҲǷ
ǿԣһۣ˵ͷʱϿŷƵʱг̿ǺϣΪȴû°Ϣأ
ΣҪľǰԺڵʥǿ߶ٻأǲҪûв´Ļ粻ԺʥǿѾûжˣħҲָ֪ʲô̶ȣȥĿܿͻǡʥһ£Ҳֱӵص
˵ͷҲεصΨˣ̫ƻˣȻܹ˵̽飬ȥôãϵʥǿҲнӽʮˣΪָ˲ٰ
ǺǣʦˣڱԭͷƽءʥҡҡͷЦŵԷƵĸԣȻҲ֪Ϊʲôûնɱħ𣬵ħҪ״̬ڷѵĻҪĴۿɲء
ԣҲǰһԼôû뵽أ˿ֻҪԺ֮еʥǿ߾һأֻҪֹħָʵٶȣǾͿˡ
ΨһĵľǣƵĺӡʥɫرóսȭͷƺ뵽һЩʲô顣
ţ˼ǣüʥص
ӣǲ֪ô£ħһЩ˺Ƶ飬·ƻħʱͱʮֲˡʥ̾һʸ˫ҲʧˣڵĻǻܹ֪һЩ
ʸ˫𻺻صҲҡͷһʱ䣬ҲһֱڰѰһʸ˫ټȴһֱûκη֣ͬԷʧ½һ㡣
ʱ򣬿ռһŤֱӵس˵ǰɫ΢ƺʲôһ㡣
ô£ʱӦڱչصôʥ΢΢㵵ؿɫҲǲص
ʦ֣ʸ˫ˡֱӵصһ仰һʥ˶΢΢㵣ô˵ʸ˫
ȥһʥƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷȻʸ˫ǵ۵һӣƵĹϵףҲǲö˵ʲô
Ѿǰ벽ˣɫһĨЦ
벽ۣ
ôܣ
һʱ֮䣬ڶǿ߶ʧؾʸ˫ȻҲͻƵ˰벽ۣʵǳǵϣô˵ǶһͻƵ۵ǿߣ
һȥɡӵĴ֮ɫҲЦԺҲһ£ǿ֪һЩħ顣
ʥҲĴ֮£ԺĳһԺǿ˻ʸ˫ʧ˽ӽһħٳߣµĺӸǱٳ֣е׷ʲô飬ҲǺ֪


2194 ʸ˫
ʸ˫Ժɫƽ˿ʲôȻȼʸ˫ʱҲǴһ
ԭǣʸ˫˵ĸоƺʥһ㣬ʱп̤һɾʹۡ
Ҫƣǻʸ˫ĵһ仰Ǽʥ˵
ʥһۣҲҡҡͷʥƲڡ
ԣʸ˫üͷܣƳԺȥҪ
ʸ˫ƭ㣬ǷĲڣں֮ǰѾǳȥԭˡʥ޿κεصŻʸ˫ɫƺѰҷƣǰ֮¡
ʸ˫üĬ˵ʥ˵ɨһ£˵ݣûбҪƭԼҷҲԼӶ
ʸ˫Ĭ˰죬εصƻˣħҪúԸ
ħϢʥҲһۣŻʸ˫ϣܹħһЩ飬е㱻ٳ֮С
ʸ˫ҡҡͷƺǲԸ˵̾˿ħΪѾǴǰˣһͨİ벽۶޷ѹƣһֱǶ̺ĵط
Ҳʱ棬Ƕһֱ׷Ѱټǰһʱ䣬ڱԭ֣ȻûնɱϵħҪܵĺҲǲᡣ
ڣƵĺӣϸ˵˵ôʥ֮ЩУΪһӣԼ˺պ֣Ҳǲ֪
Ҳ֪һͱħߣ֪ǣӵüһӡǡʸ˫ֱӵصԼĺӶûϣֱӱħߡ
ԴһԼ˽֮󣬱һָΪһֱѰħټϣܹѺӶȡȴһֱѰҲӰԼ֮ͻ˾磬ֱӵسɾ˰벽ۡ
ʸ˫壬ԲСӣѾվʥ۷壬ΪΪѹãڽ⿪Ʋ֮󣬱ˮɵͻƣԼδ뵽
ȻƲԺʸ˫ҲǲԸֱͣӵضʥ˸ȥϾһ벽ۣʱܹͻƴ۾ĴڣԺ˵Ҳһ
ңԷƺԺĹϵȻϣʸ˫ܹԺΨܹȫصȵƻ˵Ĺϵʣô˵ã֮ŲжϵĶϵš
ˣҪȥѰҵĺӡʸ˫ɫҲǲ֪ʲôʱǰźܴ𣬶ںͷǰһЩԹҲǿ࣬ȻһҲԺѰҷơ
ڵĻʸ˫ֻ뾡ذԼĺһǿ⣬ûһŮ˻ĵԼ
ڻʸ˫ȥ֮⣬ʥ˼ҲûκãϾʸ˫ֻԼĶӣ±̸˼䣬ֱӵ뿪
ʦ棬ʲô
ڻʸ˫뿪֮ʥһµڻʸ˫ղҪǿµĴ㣬ϾͷõĹϵǳ
޷ȥɣǰ벽ۣħҲĶ֡ЦЦΨһĵľǷƵĴ
ȥ˱ԭҲкóһʱˣΪӦûʲôʥŷƵĿʮ㣬Ͼʥ۷壬ƾʹ̫漣Ǿ̾ѣ˵ʱѾǳɳȵĴڡ
ȷҲǣҵе棬֮У˭ȻͻƵۡ̾ɫҲһɣ˭ͻƣ˵һ¡
ʦ棬֮ͻƳ˴ۣǵµĽƣҲǱ忪Ҫȥ½ôʥһʵ
ȻҪȥ΢΢һЦ½˳ɵۣ½ǱߵҲһ仯ǱߣŲǿߵĴڡ
ʥĬص˵ͷҲ̾ϢһҪͻƴۣǷȱһ˿ԵʱпܽͻƣôʱԺ½ˣһع鵽½
½ֻһô硣ʥɵ̧ͷ񷣬¶һ˿ɫһǿ߱½һֱǺ档
ʱ򣬷ȴڵĿռ䣬ٵĴҲǺֹۡ


2195 
޵ڿռ䣬һƬŤһƿ𣬵һƬµĿռ֮Уһ貴۵ĹâԼؿԿһӰС
֪Ѿڴ˵Ӳ£Ҳǵ꣬棬һֱǱ״̬Ҫƽռ䣬Ǹûа취ƽ⡣
ɱޣƿռĿܣһֱûг֣·Ҫɱû˿Ļᣬ÷ƺܿա
⾲֮ڣƲҲûջʼռڵʱ䷨ʼоڴ֮ǰǴû˵Ĵڡ
ԸıʱĿֱǲ˼Ҳδܹһɣ飬ʱΪᣬΪһʱʱǰҲǱôһ
ŽǿҪʱӶóȴûһܹɹ˵ʱ䷨ڿռ䷨֮ϣ
һֱڸռ֮еҪв׽һ˿ܲõƤëܿϧֻԼظһ˵ĸоȴûʵԵͻơ
ٶȻ˫Ƶ˫֮ûκɫּžĻ֮£ѾǶȹȻҲϰˣؼһڵҲ̾һ
ôãڵ˵Ѿĵ÷ǳһźܴ𣬹޷֧ȥˡ
˷ҲֳԲĸоôȥڵ췣֮ܿͻǱȫĵǸʱĴͻʮֵز
һ͸ʯڣȻûκζܹоõʱ̵עԼһԼ¶˲е״̬ôͻû֡
ͻȻƵǰһ뵽һ취Ȼ޲֣ôԼͿüıʹ֣֮ԼʩչϮɴˣǳûնɱ
޳֣÷е㷳գӵвǻۣȻܹһۿԼ״̬ռС磬ҪɱҪһɹȻûлᡣ
ƽҧ촽пʼѰ˼ΨʩչƣԼ״̬ȷǲˣŻ֡
Ȼ˵ӵвǻۣվޣı㣬Ǳȵ壿
˵ףʵʩΪѣڷ˵ҪԼеģֲ̫ˮ֣ϾҲܹˣôԼھ޷۳Ҫһնɱ㹻Ҳǵòʧ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƻǾðգֻܹ״̬ռ䣬˵һƣɲһǿ
˷֮⣬һȥһʱ棬һֱڳԼ꣬ЧҲǲ
ԼϷ˵лԻɱޣһ߷յĶĲ
ƾΪٵȥԼû̫ʱģԼѾǹȥ£꣬ȥĻӰ쵽ԼѰϣ
ƿʼԵԼ췣֮ӪһḶ̻̫́죬ϾҲɵӡ
ŷ췣֮𽥵ؼΧĿռƺǱøܼϵعƣҲȷͬһ㣬ʱһֱڰйȴŷ¶״̬
ƾȻãҲϣһֱڵȴţϵ췣֮ȻҲע⣬һϲôãǿһĻˣ
޽úܣûֱӵس֣ҲڵķǼװ֣ԵҲǲſռ֮ڵϵؽиΪܼĹ
ŷƿ췣֮ϵؼܵĹҲǿ࣬Ȼȴһڵ֮УԱ㵽ʩչԸԷһ
̼Ϊٹȥ˰֮󣬷ǽʣһ΢ĹâһâĿռǰԵô
ڰй۲ޣҲ¶ϲӴ˹ȣҪȵȫʱٳ֣Լܹһ֣ܹɵԷ꣡
ͣ
һ΢촫췣֮ȫɢûг֣Ǽ۲ţΪ


2196 ϵ
ŷ֮췣֮ɢʱ˵϶ûκεΪһֶΣۿЩ޴ڵĿռϮ
üͷûио޵ĳ֣Ҳ̾Ϣһ£ҪԼʩչװ
ͣ
һεĿռϮڷƵֱӵƵ˷ƵƤò˵ЩռеĹŹ֮ɵֻһΪǳ˿ڣѪҺû͸
ȴ棬һµԴԴϵ÷ڵǲϵų
һ췣֮ɢЩռҲ޼ɵڷһһۼܿϵǱòѣԼؿȥԼĪŶʮ˿ڡ
ȻЩ˿ûиƴ̫صƣҲˣƾ˭Լô˿ڣҲ̲סһֱǼ尾
пЦѣʺ飬ΪԼļƻɹֻĬĬҧ˿ڵ࣬ͬʱҪٹ࣬Ҫһʩչ
ڷƲϵЩµĿռ֮ʣڰеȴһֱڹעŷƵı仯ƴʱı仯Ϊˣķôõʱ䣬ǽư״̬
ҿ㻹ܹ뿪˵أǱŽӣû̳֣￴Ѿ;ĩ·ˣҪȵһ̣ǳ֡
ܿռɵõҲǹξ֮УֻҪƬ̵ܹ
ǰΨпЦѣֻӲͷƤȥҲ̫ⷴŲ֣ʱԼһ˲õĵز
ʱ䣬죬ʱķƣֱһ̬һµûУΧЩ޾ؿռз籩֪ʱѾȻؼࡣ
ޣҲ̫˰ɣȻûг֣вϵδҲ̫ˣԼ¶״̬Ȼš
΢΢˫ɨһΧΪǰѾǼĿռз籩Ҳ޿κΣôȥҲǵֿˣڣһӿʩչ
޻ǲϳô˾ɻԼҲڴ˵ء
ƺ˷Ҳʱȥ̫ˣҲΪģûа취װģ㲻ټȥˡ
ʱ˽ڵϣһ;ƿݵ̬ǰһռ䣬ŤţΧǲشĿռҲֹͣ
̲סô΢΢һҲǲ²⵽ƺҪˡ
ȻռŤ֮һģӰʾһǰǲһͶӰһ΢õӰһСޡ
㿴ģ˵ʲôնɱң޵״̬һǿ޼ɵʾΪڵķҲûв
û˵ǻ˫ضޣ¶һ׺ݵģȻװģȴǰϲѣ׼Ѱҵʱʱֱ֣ӵؽ֮նɱ
Ʋ˵֮Ҳ¶˲̵Ц⣬۹˷˿ڣҲҡҡͷЦشҿȻ󣬻ıͼıݣⲻѰ·ô
ޱŭռ䶼ڲѣͬԼеļֻҪѷɣܹһεƸܹӵؾһ¥
ɣ
޷״̬Ҳǰ಻סʼ׼ɵƣΧǽ͸ǽڣʼϵų貵ĹâЩâǾ۵޵ϡ
Ƭ̺޵ƺø࣬ݺݵص˷һۣ¶ЦݣӰҲҲֱӵ˸ȥſѪڣ̬ǽ˶̵
ҲǲʱѾ٣֮бһ˵âﶸȻصͺһֱӵʩչ˷
ϣЩɫâʼӿ֣һ־˵ٶѸٵر鲼ȫɫâ֮ǲϵµ
һգ۵Ĺ򣬷ͬһһ㣬͵شӵԾ˿ûиղǸģ
ҵҪ˭


2197 һ
Ƶת䣬һ˲䣬ûӦѾǿƵļתһޱȵˣת۱ư۷ߣ̫˳Ծˣ
ܡǣ
˫֮¶һĨңȻʧ̬ķչϣҲǶȻһҪٶ״̬һϮ֣ôȴĽ
ȻȴûõһжǷôã˿ڣΪľһ̣
˵ˣǸһöıݣ㶯֣Цһƶ޵һգ
ޱǸоõԼͬǱĳһ㣬˿ܶ˫¶ԾɫҪ֪򣬶Էôܹزݿռ䷨
˸㣬ռ䷨ҲóƵһЦѾǱԼסҡҡͷЦȻǶԷ򣬵ϾҲǶſռ֮յһĳ̶ȡ
£Ƶƿʼ۳һ貵Ĺâϵط͵ܿγһ򣬱鲼˷ơ
ҵģԹñˣ΢΢Ը״̬ĵˣ췣֮ɾһֺõֶΣޣԶԶûͬȼǿ
Ҫɱң޴ʱؿֻˣƵ˲תʱǷӦڵܵĻᶼûУ˵Ǵ׸
¶ĵɫ˭ֽվ۷˵˭Ҫڿһͷܹ
ֺ֪αضҶأʼڲģҲδ̫ˡ
޴ʱмֱ鶼ˣѾ˼ôôܹ˲ָ۷״̬⵽Ƿʲô£ɸ㲻
ҪɱңҰѾıݸ㣡
ͷҲҧ¶˷̬ȣԸǽ˾ıݣҲڷƵС
ɵôǰ˵Ҫ˾ıݣҪء΢˫Ѿޣ»һ
֮иֳ־壬ֻؿŷƶԼ֣ȴû˿Ļ궼ǿʼ
˲ĺΪһ貵ĹâԼظֳһСֱӵؽһ貵췣ֱ֮ӵӡϣ
ΧĿռ俪ʼҵز޵ĲϲҽУʱռһּҪļ󣬷ɫ䣬ռȫ֮ʣʱôʱҲܹӶþıݡ

֮г˲ʣѾǱ췣֮𽥵ʴ˫͸¶ɫ𽥵رһַŭȡ
һ̣ռøӼƺʱҲǲֱ仯ɫҲǱ֪Լûа취ԲϧȼԼ꣬ͬھҲҪԼ£
̫СˣȰϷֺûš΢΢һµʱȻǽֿԶ뵽ҪȼͬھҲš
֮жȻرһǿƣâһһΪ嫵췣֮۶ɵ֮гֱӵ޳ȥ
𣡡
֮ʣ̺ƣռ䶼Ϊ̣֮һʱ䣬ֱӵؽ޵궼ɵ
֮һž޴âʱΧĿռ俪ʼѺۣȴûļµĿ񱩣
޵ֱӵرǱɣûа취κηӦƿһŹâһ£ûֱӵѡɣϵؽ޵꾻
˲һ־磬ǷȱĲĳֲεĸֻҪһ̤ܹɾʹۣɵ޵꣬˭֪᲻ԼʲôӰ죬Ǿ͵òʧˡ
ˣȴ޵꾻Χǽ͸ǽҲǲѺۣǿʼ˱һĻƲصһ
Ҳû̫ɾ裬Ϊ֪ȥĻǷ񻹻ʲôΣգ֪޴ʱѾʲôطɲճڣѡ


2198 ı
ڷƻɱ޵֮ûйãռֱӵرҲֱӵرͳȥڳȥһ˲䣬ƸоһϤı䴫
۾ʱԼȴһƬˮ֮Уʱоһεѹӿֶûκεسɣֱӵض췣֮γһΧӿѹ
һܣҲΪͷۣ޿ԼϳôܶһƬڣӦǱĵ£ĲԶһӴһؾ
Ǳ޵壬ʱ޿νһϢûУѾǱնɱôһ߱ʬڱ¡
΢΢һ£췣֮ΧѹҲʲô˵Ӧ޵ĳѨǿ˵ΧǾԲ޳֣˷ҲǺܷĵֱ߹ȥ
޵Ķͷһ΢Ĺâֶ͵Ĺâڰ֮Ϊԣż겻ҡҷֲֱٽʱ򣬲Ƿ֣ԭıݾȻֱӵ޵ĶͷϣΪ졣
һĻǷҲǲ֪ô£ıݾǰȻǲܲô࣬¹صŮӵ
ֱӵؿ޵壬Ƶƴһ͵Ĺâ־Ȼǿֱӵش͸ȥһ̣ͬؽ֮ɫ
ֱ۶˼£ӵɫǻƽԭղŷֱӵش͸͹âʱ򣬱ǸоһּΪ¶ȣ궼Ϊ֮һǼʱӦ´ʱͻֱӵرһ
ıݣȻ˿µ¶ȣһʱ֮Ҳһ£ȫǳԼĳʶողԼоõһ¶ȣ˵ˣ¾֮Уûһ͵󶼻᳹׵ر⣡
ɫ¶һ˿ɣƿǰ⼸ıݣһĸоԼôıݴߣ
ȻΪ֮о޴ֵʱһžıݵ͹âȴǿʼһ΢زʱΧĿռ俪ʼһּΪǿҵ
ǡɫȻһ䣬иֳһֲĸоһ㿴΢Ĺâ֪ʲôγɣȴǿԵֵסıɢĿ±䡣
һĻѵ΢ĹâҪɢ뵽һͷɫüΪѿһɢôıݵĵ¾ͻ᳹׵
ȻûӦһ΢ĹâͻȻرҫͬʱӴʧʱȴǹؿʼϵС
׼ȷ˵Ѹٵرʬһ㣬ЩѪͬһ㣬ֱӵʣһǼܣһĻæ˺ľؿǼıݡ
ôᷢȹ飿Դ벻ףȻʱӴĹǼȴǻ³һ貵Ĺâš
âɢʱ򣬷ҲǿеǼıݣ˵ûʲô仯ھıݵ棬ȴǶһöȭͷСľ壬ͺıݾͼһ㡣
¶˳ɵɫʱΧѾǻƽҲûֺ˵ҲһٶԼơ
ٴߵ˾ıݵǰһٶǽ͵Ĺâ֮Уȷʵϲط֣û˸ղһֺ˵ı䣬Լʱ׾ٵؽıݴߡ
žıݵ·ֵһöᾧžı֮ĳϵһƼΪϸСӽᾧ֮쵽˾ı֮ϡ
Ʋûֱӵؾ㽫һö嶼ߣȻ֪öᾧʲôȴıŲСϵȥ֮󣬻һͻ֪
ʱıȡУеĿҲǳɹˣֲ֮еľıݣеİձҲǴ࣬һȡľıݣ꣬˵굤ˣټϵػ굤Ҳ㹻ġ
¶һĨɵЦݣгһ£ͻȻ뵽յʱ䷨һĶѣڿռ֮Уʱȴȫһνһɽһ꣬ǧĴ
ξҲˣǴģƲɵó˼Ҳתƣʼע޵ĳѨ֮С


2199 ͭʯ
۹ȥΧһƬڣǷȴɿԿŵػ˵޵ĳѨ˵һƬΪʺһ㡣
ϡжϳؾ޴ʯϸϵĻܹϳһЩĽжϿʯڣһֺüεľ޴ʯӣΧСǧǿͷ
ǱĵôصһĻ̫ˣ⿴ȥͺһƬԶżķ棬ƺңԶĹȥһΪԻ͵¼Ȼȫɢʱĳ档
УһЩѵʯ飬ʯ֮ϣ˲طģȴȫԼģǾȣ֪½û֮ǰ޾֮еһЩΪ½ף˵صĪ˵ڻһ֮ǰŸΪңԶ壿
뵽һ㣬Ҳһ£ⲢҲûпܣ嫣˭Ҳ޷׷ݵʼԴΨеؾǿߣܹ֪һС
ŵתһȦȴûκεط֣ڴ˵شһƬ棬ǿһЩѵʯǽڣģԼȴȫ
֮£ҲǴжʱ䷨ͷҲ΢΢̾һԼӵʱ䷨Լͻøӵǿ
Ȼڷ뿪ʱȴǷһͬѰĶһͭɵʯֻ֮һ飬ڱĵ¡
֮Իע⵽ȫΪ뵽ǱЩż֮ǰͨͭɵĶʱĳ֮л
ȴǷôһͭʶ𣬱ûκε𣬿ȥͺһͭʯӲػϣ
ںģƴͭʯͬҲǼķģȻĲһһ۵ؿȥʱƺĳǣһ㣬˵񶼲عעͭʯ
һ˲䣬Ʊǻعˣ¶һ˿԰׵ɫղŵһ˲䣬Լƺ˶ǻ㱲ϣͬһת磬ͬʧȥһ㡣
ͭʯŹŹ֮о㵣Ҫ̶֪ȣԼǰ벽۵ΪҪʧ񣬿»һȽ飬ͭʯȴֵòио档
ղһ˲䣬ԼƺǸһ˿ʲôüͷ壬ʱȫǲֱͭʯԼȥ޷԰Ρ
΢΢ر˫Ժ֮лŸղŵһ˿ùǶȻ˫ֳһĨɣ뵽һ˿ΪԼϤһ㣬ΪǾʱ䷨
ͭʯϣйʱ䷨򣡷Ƶ鶸ȻرüȻ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬾ԼҪ׼뿪ʱȴǷһͭʯ
Ҳܹ֮ʱ䷨ҲΪͭʯԵʣʯ£޵ĵ̣ܹķ¾һͷҲܹ
غһԼĪһԼʱ䣬Ӧǹȥҵʱ䣬Ҳ˵ʮ껹һʱ䣬ԼԳʣʱ䣬һͭʯźܴĿܹʱ䷨ɹ
뵽ʩչʱ䷨򣬷ƿޱȵؼ죬ǱԼյ췣֮Ҫ£磬½Լû˵ȷĴڡ
ƽͭʯ֮ϣʱ˱һֵ״̬֮Уȥͬľżһ㣬ûа㷴Ӧ
ʵϣƵͬʯ֮һ㣬һŤĿռ䣬һѣεĸоǿסֽĵµѣΣضǰͬҪһЩ
ȻСͭʯ֮״̬̣˵ɫǱüΪ԰ףͷ亹ֱӵػعʵ֮
ô£ƶʱоŵ׸գԼ˵嶼ҡΣƺʱǻҪһ㣬ɵһղһ˲䣬ԼҲֲסȻǵȿռ֮˳
΢΢ر˫Ժ֮ͼģղĻȻȴ֣ԼԺ֮ӡȴûа취ٶģ
ѵҵʵûа취͸ʯŵ΢΢Ƭ̺Ҳǵóһֽ飬ԼΪźܴĹϵ


2200 ֮
ͭʯ֮󣬷صʱ䷨йϵļأҲֱӵس˸ͭʯļأоʱš
֮£Ȼ˵ûֱӵʱ䷨򣬵ǶһҲ˽࣬ʱȴݲټȥΪǵãʮʱܿ͹ȥˣĹ֮ҲҪˡ
һ죬ƻ˫ֻؾ֮ĿռȴͻȻŤֻһСķΧǲɲ
ǣһŤĿռ䣬Ƶȴ΢΢һЦһ΢΢ŤĿռ䷶Χ֮ڣƿʱ٣ȻȴܹȷеظоõԼѾƿ
֪Ҫãܹǰ㣬ԼС֮ڣסʱ١΢΢Ͼһֵܹزһֶôµ
ʱ仺౶ͬҲǿʱӿ౶ǶһЩΪûԼĶֻ֣ҪһͷöԷԼ֮Уܹʱ䷨˲ʱӿʮٱ
ֵĻôֵͻһּΪµٶѸٵ˥ϣȻǷƿܹӴ磬ϾͬޣҲʱӿʮѡ
غһƣ¶һĨ΢ЦԼֻҪͭʯЩķļأȻܹӾôʱ˭ԼĶ֣
ͭʯƳһ£Ҫͭʯ뿪˵أ˿µķһ˷ˣǿһ˵飬ȻǱĵ£𶼲ĵط˵ˡ
ȫƾǰʯߣȻʱȴǷԼζߣʯͬڱĵһ㣬·ƶȫҲ޷֮ߡ
ҲҡҡͷֻգѾ֪ǾַԶɡ
һܣƱǴ뿪Ȼûע⵽ǣȥתһ̣ͭʯϵطȴǹʧˣȡ֮ȴĸӴ֣֮أ
ֱӵس˱һһĸоСȻоǹȥ˼£꣬ǽӽʮꡣ
ڵҪظϻԺС΢΢˵ӰǻɢֱӵԭɢƬ֮ǳ֮Ŀռ䣬ֱԭȥ
ԭľۼ֮УΨһһҿջ΢΢ƹ˳ӹЦݣͦ춼ô˽ԭĿջһֱǱ⡣
ƹͬһݵˣһСĴ磬ͬһƹıҲǺܸˣס˶ˣСȻҲˡ
ƹģĿͷ˰С̾
ţֱҪӼͷˣյٶȥԴɲⰡŶӵƹЦеصƹģȻϲԼҵ졣
ǲ֪λôˣ˰ûϢСЦһЦȴͻȻظ̾
Сôһ˵ƹɫҲ΢΢һ̣̾һǿ˵λˣȻǷˣλʥջſڣۼ㶼ջйĴԣʥǿ߶ɱ׹ûһ˸ס
ȻǸʱ򣬷ƳˣҲǷսۼ߶ܹоϢϯȻܿϢҲֹ֪ԭס
ʧˣԼĪ˰֮󣬾ȻһȺʥǿ߳˾ۼ㣬׷˵յ飬ǸʱƹĲ֪ԭԺˡ
ں£һȺʥǿڲ鿴һҲȥǷԸһŷϢ֪ͨԺȴû뵽ת۰͹ȥˣȴûг֡
λ˻᲻ǡСһ£ûа仰˵ֻҪܹ仰ĺ塣
˵ҪǴȥԺ֪ˣҺͲùˣƹɫ͵ؾ䣬ǵһСҪ˵ƿԺĴ⻰ǲ˵ġ
СôһۣҲǿЦŵ˵ͷ
ƹģûз䰡ʱ洫һ˶Ĥʹ
ǧˣ
ƹĺСɫ΢䣬ǰ߸Ǻݺݵص˼䡣


2201 ƻ
ƹĺС˶ûб¶κβһҲЦеعЦݣ̧ͷſڡ
һεӱ̤ŶżЦӣΪܿһʥǿߣޱȵſΪǼ˾ԭɱΪۼҲǲС
ƹȴǺܷĳ֣Ϊܿÿۼס궼ǲǮģͷۣȴǰڶԷʥ׵ǿߣҲֻҧԼ̣˿˵
Ӵܴˣ治˼ջ涼סˣһΪҪŻԾûţ㿴ҵʧˡƹҲЦеǰǲҵλү˼ҿʥ׼ǿߣһָͷܹŪ
ţ˵ʲô
ܿƹ˵Ҳһۣݺݵؿƹģһӣһŭȵӣү˾ȻҲ˵û
ܴϢŭƹɫþܿŭͰĿջˣæǵǸ˵û
ߣҿǲ˰Ȼƹһֱ˵ܿȻˣֱӵһƹסĲϣݺݵصôүڳ䷿䣬ҪȻӰŪŲţ
ƹһ⣬ȴǱܿ׵ŲӾǰɫɫǺ죬о͸˵嶼ڿգϵš
ܴϢŭƹĲ㰲ţǽסĿ˿ǡʱСǰ˵ԿüҲǺܾ֣˫ȶڲϵط
ţ㵹˵˵˭סģҵҪ˭ôүڣܿСĻɫøŭˣֱӵ˦еƹ񣬵С
԰˵˭ȻôӣϴӶ
ǣҪ֪ϴʥǿߣһָͷǣ
ʱܿǼҲǷ׷׽һҪµģ
ԺѲӡС³⼸֣ȴͬһܿȼ˵ĶУֱܿӵ˺һ
ԺѲӣɶһ벽ǿʥɵСӣϵڴ½û֪Ŀʲôȴ˸ǣ룬ǿһȺʥǿߣԼһλ벽ĳǿߣ
֮ܿɫĪر˱䣬ƺҲûиղǰˣȻʥǿߣǸȥԺô˵ʥףʥ۷ˣ˼Ҳ˿¡
СʱɫҲĵһæȥƹģƹ񣬸ղŲڿɻǾδؿܿ
˵Ŀɵ棿ԺѲӣܿɫʵ
ƹæͷСû˵ס˿ǶǱݣԺѲӵǿߣǿûܿţøǮĻǸǮ
ܿغһҲֻǺݺݵصһƹģɲҶԺЩ˷öԷȥҲ׼ش뿪
Ӵƹģûֱ˰
ȻʱһЦȴǴ⴫ƹĺС˶סˣʯ״̬һ㣬ǰǰˡ
ˣ
ƹСһۣɫȻҲû뵽˾ȻٴγˣҲǹ˲ܿڳæߵſڣһµķЦе˽
ˡϻˣ
룬Ҹݲȥ
ƹСɫأޱȿλԺĴﰡ˵ǰǵڰԼģȻǲκεص
Ƹǽڸղ鲢֪飬ܿĴҲ΢΢һ㶣Էʥǿе⣬Ҳѣûж࿴һۡ
ֱȴǸպܿʱɫȭͷɵý
˵ƹģûзӣ˺óһʱ䣬ˡЦеصƹĺСͨˣòȻҲǺ˵
УУСȥҵķʰһ£ˮƹΪǸ˼֣ջܹü
ƹһЦΪƹĿ׻æֵ׼һͨķͿˡ
ƹͷǣȻʱܿȴǿˣƹĸղǸԼ˵ûз䣬תȴǶ˵з䣬ǿܿô
ƹӣȻϷŪүǰɣ


2202 ˱̫
ܿͬһ˿ջƹֱӵһʱǷӦ˹ɫȻرüΪѿôɷҲأ¿ɺˡ
ܴˣ˵ƹͣȻûд˵꣬ܿŭֱӹȥƹס
˵׵ģˣүĪΪҺ۸ɣܿɷصǴ˳ȥûӣԺھۼȥ
ءƹĶʱоˣҪͶûֻͣǲϵţ˵ɫͨޱȣܿʥǿߣһͨ˿ѵõģ
ʱ򣬷Ƶɫʱɨһܿ񣬵ſ
ΪѾǰ벽۵ľ磬ϢܿʵȻҲ޷ôһ㣬ʱܿǲˣðȻ˵
ëͷСӣû£үһȥֱܿӵؿŭһ۷ƣǼȻҲ壬׷ǶŷƸ
һĻƹ˶ǱסˣĶ֪ͣܿƵݣʮֵԺĴţ׵һݣڰǰƾѾʥǿˣܿȡ
гŸƵɫø࣬Ȼǰ淢ʲô飬ǿܿɫܹ²һҲЦȻһССʥҲ۸Լͷô
ĻᣬŵȻÿԶһָҲƵޱȵر䣬ͬĴĺһ㣬ʱõܿ˻һ
ȥģ˵ʲôСָ˵һΣ£ֱܿӵŭеŭʢ࣬Ϊʥǿʻ˭ô˵
һȥΪҲҶԼָֻţ
ܿɵŭЦŤͷ£ЦǸղʲôСӾȻҪԶһָ
С۾Ϲô
ǣȻϴʥǿ߶Ҳѹôۡ
ϴһ仰ɫ
ʱ֮䣬Щ˶ǿʼ壬ǿֻԶŵѣȻʥǿǰڳԣҲã
ͬĻҲ˵ڶΣܿϧѹ
ƻ̧ͷЩ⣬һʥ׶ѣ͸ԼǰţҪ֪ˣǻЦǡ
ʲôүžǣܿмƳһ۷ƣ֮кη塣
ǽ͸ųȥɣƵ£˱ǴԭʧܿҲûӦô£ǴһҽС
ܿ͵ɿƹӵ֣תȴǷ֣Ʋ֪ʲôʱѾǳԼǽԼһ¶ֱӵش˫ȣ
Сӣˣز¶ܿɫȻر˱䣬ղŷƵĶԼȻǺ޲ôܣʥǿߣǰ죬ʩչʱȻӰӶš
ز¶ƺǺǵһЦӹһĨϷʵЦݣɨһˣ˵ȥͱȥ
ϴ󣬾
ϴ󣬳ʰ
Ƹղųֵһ˲䣬ǽһ˵˫ȴϣܿԱߵǼ˶ʱ궼ŵˣ½ǽͶܿϡ
ܴˣСĽͰ
ʱƹĺòײǴܿȻ˲֪ߵغҪԷƳ֣ҲǱһæֹ
ʰ㣡ܿĽͣݺݵصһۣƹıֱӵغ̱ڵϣɫΪ԰ףٶ˵һ֡
ǶһԵСˣҲҡҡͷ̾ΪܿĬˣܿ񻹿Ż·Ƶͷȷʵ̫һ㰡
СӣеΪΪܹôӵĻҲܿЦſƣһͬһ
ֿһЦʥף˲ô˻ĪҪ̫ŰܿղҪųȥҪϵΪԲУҲһ
ʲô£Ȼ˳֣Ӱ쵽ǴϢСǵС
ȻʱһΪȴͻȻشһǿƣʱջ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣
ܿɫʱͱˣƿʥ۷ǿȻͬʥףȫһȼϵģҲеĸо


2203 
΢΢̧ͷֻڿջĶ¥һӰˣһ̣Ƶȴ΢΢ΪλͻȻֵʥ۷ǿһϤĶ
ԺĻ¡
ҡҡͷЦݣɣԺѾŵôԼ˳·һ˶ܹԺˣ˵ƺֹһ
ЦˣܿǿҪˣԼôһʱˣƹ˵סŵĿԺѲӰԼ¿ɺˣͱѡ
ʱջǳһֹļžܿһ仰ǲҶ˵һĨ˿Цݡ
ܿƳ˷ǵЦݣҲǺݺݵһ䣬СӿţʱԺǿڳǲҶ˵һ֡
Ժǿ߿һܿҲǾһܿʥǿߣҲֱӵʵʦӺţԺΣ
ܿԣʱɫ¶˴ϲԼͻʥûãԺһֱѰǿʥǿ߼룬Ҳûлȥ侳Ժ¿Ժǿ߾ȻǶԼ֦һʱ֮ҲǼ֡
ԸΪԺϧֱܿӵعͲûйˡ
ţȥһ´ˣҪԺɲô׵ģ˲ͷҲû취ʥ۷ǿЦŵ˵ͷƳһ۷ƣȴǸоʲôʵĵطҲûаѷƷϡ
лˣܿԿϲǰλԺǿߣʥ۷壬ͬҪΪ˵ģĪǡ벽۵ǿߣ
뵽ԼԼ벽۵ľǿߣܿʱѣԼǳܹõһλǿߵָ㣬ԼΪܹӵؾ
Ȼʱ򣬷ȴǣЦŵˣԺλ˾ܾˣԺǲҪģ
仰һʱܿһסˣǲӳˣղ˵ʲôܿһʱ֮ûзӦȻӦʱ򣬵²ȻŭָŷƵ󵨣ȻҳԺ
ܿɫĪؼƸղһ仰Լһ㣬ʱ޲Ժǿ߶ԼĿ࿴÷ٴεҡ
Ҫֱӵسֽѹ⻵Լ飬ܹԺԼǿԶһرݰ
ˣ˵ע㣬Щɲǿ˵ġԺһλʥ۷ǿɫҲǱΪϲȴǰһ·ơ
ϾԺǵ½ΪӴû֮һƸղһ仰ԺԼǲмԷƳ֣
˵ûеλ˭˵˾ͲˡЦеصʥ۷ǿߣĪЦ⣬˹½ʥǿ߰ɣȻԼǲʶô
֪ٵǸȻݹҲԺλʥ۷ǿߣɫǱѿһٵسԲѷѾΪˬˣǴ׼ֽѵһ·֪ߵغˡ
ƹĺСԱ߶ǿˣ˵ԺĴôôһĻȥȫ
ʼƳһλʥ۷ǿߣ˻ֵȲ㣬µҴٸ˵
󵨣ǻòͷˣλʥ۷ǿߵ±ŭȣٶʵ̫ˣʲô͸Ŀô
Ҫʱһ𣺡һʲô飬Ūô󶯾˯ȡ
һʥ۷ǿߵɫ䣬Ҳǹ˲÷ƣæת¶ǰ泤ϣڳҵԺ¿ȥ׼ѵһ¶ѣ
Ŷͷ˸ҶԺҵеȤˡ
ȻǿʲôȤһ£һ˲䣬һӰ˸ڿһӰʱҲ΢΢һ£һʲôʱϳˣ
˺ȻԺǿߣ
أأҿ˭ôʶôڳ֮ҲЦŵ
ʥ۷ǿָŷƵǲˬŷһЦݣҪѷƵĸо
ٺ٣ʲôʱʼȤˣСүҿɲһڡֱЦеص
һۿƵʱ򣬱ѾסˣΪԼˣȻʱȴ˷Ƶ˾ڵһڳˣ
˵Ļ˵ķӦǸһҲΪʡ


2204 ָ
쵰ȻţȻҶԴĸĵӣͲԺôʥ۷ǿƾȻô˵ֱǾˡ
Ժ鲼½ǰԺ֮еĳϣ˭ҲȲ
̫ˣˣҵΪ֣ſСӣܿһ̤Ȼ֪һҲΪǰһֵĻᣬֱӵԶӧ
ûдӷƵͻȻ֮оѹҪ֪Ժ˿Ѱ˷ư꣬ͻȻ֮ͳԼǰк𺳡
ûͷܿǻ˻֣ԼǼȵˣһ֣ҽС£
Ǽԣʱͬ˼Ѫһ㣬ǻؿŷƣܿĴ£ֱӵضŷƳȥֱܿӵضƣҪԼԷƽѹ
ȻܿٶߵȥˣҲǷӦǹһĨЦݣܿɵǳ˱ǲҶԷƳ֣һССʥףȻ˵Ըƣⲻ
ҡҡͷ̾һͬص˰޴Ĵǳ۾ĴˣȻˣҲֻԼ֣ǵ˫ȣ
£΢΢չԼƣңңضܿ˵ķһգܿһ˵Ϸ԰˰֮Уá
ܿЦݣҲɱ̣˫ȴǶȻиһĨ֣ԼȻ޷ô£
Ȼһ̣ȴǶȻһ̤˵֮϶ǱһɼΪǿƣϯ֮أն΢΢֮£ɫ΢䣬δƺǾ˲١
λʥ۷ǿߣֱӵصȹض£亹£̧ͷ޷ǷƿΪֻһ˵ơ
һ£֪ԼǶô޴ˣСӣơԼԱߵҲȲϣͲһȼģ
Īǡǰ벽ۣ
ͷг֣ɫȻرͬңֹܿҲԷֻ̧֣ѾסԼжԼʥ׵޷ѣ
һΣ֪ܿԼĿһ˲õĴ亹֣Ժλǿϣϣܹȡ
Ȼλʥ۷ǿߣֱӵع£֮еľָŨ벽ۣĸиֶӶһ־
ԼȻǵһλ벽ۣ
ܿңһ¿ûܹȵԼԺҲУԺôΪһλ벽ǿ߷ϻû档
ƹĺСʱͶ˷Ƶ󣬿һĻҴλ˹Ȼͬǰǰ뺷
˵ҸôȺأƿܿЦеصЦܿǸӿ־塣
ģǷȴǽסǵ壬ǿĶֻؿŷơ
ˣ겻Щνˣѵˡ
ʱЦƣŷƵҲǵģһʧʧ˰꣬ȫԺ˶ĵء
ٺ٣еС⣬˺ü꣬ҲġƿڣҲЦǺǵӦҲջƣһܿһǲƽϡ
ʱܿѾǻָжʱֱӵ̱ڵϣ˫Ŀɴ󣬾ֵؿŷƣ⡭ԺλˣȥȻϤ
ô£
Ƴһǵȹڵϵʥǿߣص֪
²֪ںδָ㡣λʥ۷ǿߵҲͦӲ֮ȴһ˿ɻѵλͻȻֵҲԺǿߣ
Ժǿߣ󲿷ԼƼİȫӡ֮Уɻ
ǷƣصҲԺ˿ܹʦ𲢼ĴڣȻʶȥչ꣡
ǣȻǷƣλʥǿߵҲֱӵûƢ˻֪˭Ժ֮Уʥǿֹ֮ڷƵ¼ǿܹŵԺǿ߲ĴڣԼȻ۲ʶ̩ɽչػã
ˣ겻ǵҲɡЦصĹϵһֱͦġ


2205 
ƺȻһѾԻ˲Ҳ֪Լʧİ棬һЩʲô顣
ʸ˫ҹ㣬㲻ڣ뿪ˣʦҪûӡʼεص
ˣüͷ΢΢壬ʸ˫㣬ƱǷʲô顣
ΪǸӣϣִܹħȻĻ롣һ£Ҳֱӵصңʸ˫ҲͻƵ˰벽ۣ
΢΢ص˵ͷڻʸ˫ܹͻƵ벽ۣһ㶼⣬ԼѾͻ꣬ʸ˫壬Ҳͻƣء
ħҰǰԭʱ򣬷ɱʥǿߵ飬һ֡̾һħһղѰԷٳԼĺӡ
ħԺڶǿһֱʱ̵ѰȻȴûа취Ѱҵľˡ̾εصħ̫ƻˣԺ½ҲûѰҵõټ
ѾǱشֻʣ꣬ǿ϶ûѰҵõҡҡͷҲǽһսĹ̾ظ
֮Ƭ̣ҲΪεصĻǸѰҲȻںܶʥǿ߶ѾԺ֮УһЩϼ룬ǳ綼ᱻħϡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲûа취£˺ôʥǿߣȻԸԺܲǿȶԷɣ˵ܶ飬ԺҲ޲ߡ
Ĵǣһ£ŷƵ֪һѰȰħѰҵϾħĹ⡣
ƳĬˣ֪λش𣬾뱻ħٳԼĺѾǹȥ˰꣬ǸѾŰ˾ˣǲ֪ںδ
ҺѰһƳ̾һӱϣ޾ǿգ֮ӿֳһΡ
ĸ׵ģϣԼĺӰãȻӶûһ棬ȷԼ⣬ħʮֲùʲôһˣҲǲ֪
ҲܣŸΪҪ顣صԼȭͷҪذ굤ҪҩĶռ֣ѰŮӣ
Ϊ֪Լʥǻʸ˫ʲôʱͻƾ磬ֱӵسɾͰ벽ۣһǸʱ򣬿²ʼ
ûһ۷򣬿ⳡҲ½磬½ҲܵӰ죬Լˣˣп޾鷳
Ůѣ⼸ͻ˾磬ôԼҲᴦڱλã˶ңôԼҲܹŮӵȥԼļˣˣ
֪ΪԼϻ縺ޱΣһҪԴΪأ
ô˵ҪȥĹ֮ôڷ־е⣬Ҳǽüͷʵ
ţԼĪнӽʱ䣬Ĺ֮ؾҪ˰ɣƵ˵ͷ֪ȷеʱ䣬Ҳֻ
׼ȷ˵һĹ֮ؿʱ򣡡
Ĺ֮£ԴӷƴҪȥʱԺǿ߶Ϊ׼ţϣܹǰŮӻѣȻ˿ħȿµĴڡ
һô
΢΢سһ룬ƺܳǶЩǿ˵ǵָ͹ˣżΪҪʱҪǾǸʱ䷨
ʱ䷨ǼΪ֮󣬸һȫַǽһôµպƣЩۻָʵΪԼҲһĵƣ
͸ϻԺƻñչأħ飬ͰˡҲ̾һȥԼĺӽӻŸΪҪҪ޷
ӣϣԺܹ½һУΪ²ƿŷǵҹգҲĪظ̾ƮԶԶģ˰½ϵڶˣһС
ڶһ磬Ʊֱӵظ뿪˱ԭԺĵ·ϣʱ½ȴǷһЩ˾ֵ顣
ӶشׯʼѪϴһºܿʹԺڶǿ߶²򵥣Ҳֱӵٻеǿߡ


2206 ѪħӰ
Ժڶǿٿʱ򣬷ҲǸϻصԺ֮Уպڶǿ߾ۼһ𣬵ҲΪ죬ĪЩ˶Ѿ֪ԼҪ
˵ôȫ˶ۼˣƵĳ֣õ˶һ¶˾ϲ
СӣڻˡЦŷƵļЦ
Сӿɺãһȥǰ꣬ҲӦðѶõ˰ɣʥҲЦеصͬʱҲһоʱǰķƱøӵأȻԼ޷͸ˡ
ҶˡƿôڣҲǴá
Ҳ͸պˣ׼һЩءЦƺƻü֮ǳҲǵ࣬ɡ
ţ΢΢㵣ʱǷ֣ڳɫƺǲɣƺʲôһ㣬˵ɫҲ΢΢ء
ĪǺħйأüͷ壬ܹڳڶǿ߽˵Ļ½֮ϣ³ħ֮⣬Ҳû͡
ǣһЩطѪʥ̾һһˣҲǵڰǰһЩطĴׯʼյ˼Ϊпɱ¾ׯûһܹѾǷ˽ӽʮΣǰһ˿ڵСҲǱɱˡ
ɱ׶ȻȴǼٵ뿪Ҫ֪ڴׯһЩͨˣôȥɱǣһǳġ
ѵħôƵɫ׵뵽ħϣ벻ףħôЩͨҲˣȫǶûκô
ǰҲΪħµ֣ϸȨһ£Ӧòħ֣Ͼͨ˵޷õ󡣡һ£Ҳǽŵ
ǰһ׮ѪѾ˹ȥˣӦúܿϢʥεʼ±ҪֹǼ䷢չȥµʱ½һ־֮С
Ȼʱˣһ糾͵ӣӦǸԶ·һ㣬ģǽƵʱҲȻһ¡
ôˣʥɵؿһͻȻֵҲ΢΢㵣ΪɵľǰȥǸС棬ôͻĪǷһЩʲô
ʦ֣ǸСŻٵصҲ˲ŷƴк
ڣ
ԣǷƣͬ˶Ǵ㵲ѣʥֱʾ˵ȥ
ǵģչʱһʬ֮УһԼĪʮСŮʬڸţǰΪ˻סҲǻش
ǰôʥ¶֮ɫŮܹؼĿе֪һЩʲôĻ»֪⵽׷ʲô顣
õʥ׷ʣ¶֮ɫ˰ᣬǵûУΪŮҲܵˣǱüά̫ˣ¼ֲ˶ãҲҹϻ
ʥһۣҲǵ˵ͷǺǣ˵ҵΪܱסŮ֪ŮƵȷǺأǳ֣ôһ˿ܡ
Ҹȥһ˰ɡʱ򣬷΢΢һ£ȿڵҲ֪µǲħйأ
ʥһۣĬǷȥĻȷҲǺʵһѡǷƸջһЩδ
ȥҲԣٴ֮ǰҵȸһЩ顣ʥŷƵ
ţ΢΢̧ͷɻؿһʥֵɲʥ
ʧ棬ʸ˫ҹ㡣ʥ˵ͷΪƲ֪Ҳ÷֪ϾҲڽúĹ֮ؿĻƿ±ٶʧһʱ䡣
Ŷ֪ˣڱԭʱЩ˵ˡǿЦһЦҲغһ
ʥҲʮϾħٳֵĿǷƵĺӣ·ƲһȥѰħҲǿġ
㡭ʥĬˣΪƲ֪ȴû뵽ԼľȻڷ˵Ķ̫̫࣬ˡ
ϣҪΪ˴֣Ϊ˲ѵôתһįıӰĻ߰ɣ˳ȥСҲϣһȥ


2207 ٴС
ԺɽһͦεӰڵϣϵؽϢڵȻʱͻȻ߲ʹâϵ˸
߲ʣҲЩ߲֮ɫâ˳ȥԵúʥ̲סĤ֮⣬СΪڷȥԭ֮ǰѾʥ׽ױǿߣȻȥˣΪչһ˾ÿµľ硣
Ƭ̣С֮е߲ʹâǻɢɫҲǻָɻ˿һǰϢôϤĪǷˣ
뵽ǼѾʧ˰꣬棬һֱȥѰҷƵϢҲǽ£ڷƵ顣
СһСĵ㣬ҵ£Ҫظ߱ˡ
ʱСȴͻȻһϵСҲ΢΢һ£ԴѾǼֲ֣ڣһ꣬Լôܹһֱž˵ٶͻҲйء
õģϣҲ֪ˡСҲغһ£ӵվʱ򣬷ӰҲǽ˺ɽ
磬ڻˣС𿴼ȻǷƣҲų˲õЦݣһδ䣬СĿеĴ硣
겻С𶼳ˡƿСı仯ҲǰһЦŶԱߵһԺܹǵ˼ҵŮӷġ
ȷʱСȻ˵ʲôӢüĿ㣬ΪѵһȾϢΪô꣬Ժǲ뿪ԺΪľֳ֮ģĻ˵ܹСչ죡
ʵҲˣʱ䣬СѾǳɳһ˾ȵĸ߶ȣʥ۷壡
ǸһôһծǡҲѵõؿЦС˵ͷĿ֮¶ͬһ簮ɫ
¶һεɫһҲֱ˵±ǹһЦת˻⣬һСҲΪȵصʥ۷壿СǴ½ΪѸٵ¼
˷ƵĳޣСҲǺٺһЦܿɲ˵Ȼ룬ѾӦ˺ϣ˵ȥΪ׽ҲУĻд鷳
ǣ¹˼ܹ꣬Ŵʦֲ磬ͬǰ벽ˣҲǸ̾Сֽ̬һĽչٶȣǺܶ˶Ϊ֮ա
ǿ˵ҲǶˣȻҲʥףСǰƺеԵòֵһˡ
ȻǱЦݣ֮ȴ͸¶һֵǣ֪ΪΣǰСԼһֵֺĸоָоڰǰԼ뿪ʱѾУȻָоΪϤ
ȴ˵ָоҲ˵ڣֻ㣬¹ȥ֮Ҹһ
磬ȥˣôȥôáСЦصȻѾǽӽʮẢӣڷǰȴͬһСкһ㡣
ȥһ˱ԭеµһ£ڲͻôҲ׿еʣЦػش
ԭСɵһȻȴûпС˫֮УһĨֵ߲âһţһ˲䣬С˵ϢǱ࣬Ϊתٶ̫죬߹Ҳû⡣
ţ·Ҳûʲô㣬ȥʶһ磬ҲܾˡʼЦŵȻδС𣬵Ҳܹ²õС̣һֱչأϵرչأǰСȻҲûܹͣ˰˵Ϊ
ҳȥððŷƵĻСʱЦͬʱҲǱүүǲҳȥ춪ںɽ棬ˡ
ƹһЦҲСļ򣬵߰ɣҲΪãϾûʥ׵߶ǺΣյģʥ۷ˣȻǲһˡ
ǷҪȥС˵ͷҲ¶˼ΪȤɫԷƵӣܲȥɽˮ϶ű顣
ˣȥ档ƹһЦĴ£ֱӵ뿪ԺɽڷƴС뿪ʱȴûзСǵµӣ˫֮иֳ˸߲ʹâ
ԭ˵֮е֮أĪѾҶǸطʱС˵˫ǳ߲ʹâӵɫҲǱüΪŹ֣һ˲䣬ǻָһƸûвõ


2208 ޲
Ĵ£ƻСһУֱӵطɱǸǷѪСȥǰ˵Сϻһڣȴˣ޷סŻ᷵Ժ档
죬˱ѾСϣԺǿܰأһΪģĳֺҲǷ׷׵ͷʾ⣬һЩϤƣĳ֣ɫҲΪ
ʱСϣͬһѪȣ֮ԼظһĨ죬ƺǵѪ͸µĺۼ
ңڷƽС֮ʱʱΧɢʬڵϣ״ΪңԿóǶôز̡
̫ˣǶѾʰ˺ü죬ûа취ܹȫЩʬ塣¶֮ɫϾһֻˣҪ˵ʬ壬ȷҲһ
ѵֳһ˿ûôƽüͷȭͷɵ΢΢գ߾жôز̣ܹһСȫɱͼʲô
Уֳ࣬µĺۼһˣ߶һͬ㣬ȫѪҺüͷϸȥҲδе㺧ˡ
ԣɫ΢䣬صѪ
ţҵĳжϾǣӦĳаǿߣ߻ħҪܶ˵ѪԲŻɱ¾
£ӦþħġƳĬƬ̣ǻصȻȴûз˵ħʱС֮ٶӿЩ߲â
ӦòܰɣӸֳһĨŹֵɫԺڶǿߣãҲô²ӦħΪΪͨ˵ûκô
Ҹ֣ڵ̫ˣѾ뿪죬µħơ΢΢ҲǵԼжϣҲֿܣϾ½ѾԺĿ֮£ﻹʲôˣҽɥɱ
ɡҪ˵ǴʱѾһƵľǰҲֹͣ⣬ָŶԷƵգǸСŮﱻֵġ
߰ɣһСŮôˡƵ˵ͷСƵľǰȻȥ֮ȴǷľ֮лżλʥǿߣҺȻС
ϡ
ľ֮ڵǼλʥǿ߿ĳ֣ҲǹصͬʱҲǷһͬķƣһľȣҪ֪Ѿʧ˰ˡ
ˣǵңõΧҲתȻһ˷ƣҲǾȵЦƣСӣˡ
Ǻǣպû£ҾˡЦصδҵ˶̵̤ʥ۷塣
ȺˣСŮܾܲɫҲһ󼤶æ迪ӣӸһĨ֮⣬ŷƵӦżְաƵ˵ͷҲûǹϻ߽˼ǷҵǰһѪ۵СŮ˻֮У˹ǣСŮûκƣɫȴֽͬһ㣬ΪѰ
⼸ҷڵϵѸţûסûаգһ۷ƣ׷ʵƶûаգСŮûܹȵˡ
ѡ
ƶСŮǲ԰ֽСҲǱ˫Ƭ֮󣬱ҡͷ
ѵ㶼ûôһۣüͷ
ȻûܵϮȴܵشѾ֮У״ûа취ȵ̾һǲȣʵû
ǰСŮ䱾Сǿǰ˵ͬϣڵյɱ֮УλѰһΣĴڣûֱնɱǽشˣ
⼸첻ϵάһ˿꣬Ͷˣܾȡ
ķֱӵ˵ûа취Ժ˶̵̾һ¶һΣƶܾôֻؿȥͬʱΨһܹҵҲҪˡ
ôҲûа취ˡ̾һԭΪ벽ۼǿߣֶܹܹСŮȴûϵǿ߶ûκΰ취
а취ֻ꣬Ƭ̡ȻʱһԴ۵Ȼش˼ž


2209 
ƵȻ̧ͷͶԴǾȻһֱĬԵС
Са취΢΢㵣Сǳ֮С
ţѺʱԺֹһЩоһΪרһӦÿԡСһӿô˵߶ϣҲ¶һ˿
СǾأҲҼʶʶνĻЦŵ˵ͷµǶûκΰ취СʱĻСŮƬҲܹ֪һЩ顣
ã˿һ㡣С𿴼ƵͷӦҲЦЦΪǲӦҪģŻܹڷƵǰֳԼ˵Ҳһʮ¡
һǿӣ˵ͷҲǸ˺Сڳ㹻Ŀռ䡣
С̤ǰǰԹȥСŮҲغһ˵𽥵ر͸¶һͲϵĳȡ
Աߣȴǿʼüͷָо֪ΪΣʱС𣬷һ޷ָоǸоõǰС𲢷ͬһˡ
Ҳǲ⵽ô£ҲֻǽеĺʱذؿţС˸ʲô⡣
ʱС֮ϣʼЩ߲âس֣΢ڰľҲɢЩŵζСҲǱׯ߲â֮£ȴǻسֳһص
С˫ֻظСŮĶͷ֮ϣ֮ϵ߲âʼӿСŮϣȱ仯֮£һֱԵСŮҲǷЩ仯
һֱ԰ֽɫʱȻǻظһĨ죬嶼΢΢ؿʼһ£һĻƵ¶ĹâֻȻ棡
֮ڻ꣬ٹλ
С촽΢ŶǽŷһŹͬʲôһ㣬ڳûһܹö
Ƭ֮СɢĹâҲԽԽ貣ͬһȵһ㣬ʱԶԺͬоʲôһ㣬¶֮ɫԶþò

Ƭ̹СȻһŭȣֱӵذСŮĶͷ֮ϣ͵ջأŵһΪģİɫâȴǴŮӵĶͷ֮б
һĻɫ΢СŮ꣡
ȻȴͻȻȴͻȻӿһΪѪȵһĶħͷ­ݺݵسС˺ҧȥ
ãǶԷµӡǣ
ɫ΢΢һҲǵŭȵڵһʱѾǷӦ˹ȻʱСȴΪŻûлжֻؿһͷɫԼ
ɢ
̤֮͵رһżΪ貵Ĺâ췣ֱ֮ӵػһɫʱɫСӵľ룬ֶֻѡ
С˵׶ǵɴ󣬺Ǳü٣ֻôһ㣬Լͺ޷ظУ֪ʲôصĻǻҪԼС
Сǲʲôʱ򶼲ܴ⣬ĻԼģƽһɫҲһתСһС˵Ҳһѵ
֪ˡСеĵͷڷǰúñһԼȴûϵǰԼСҲȥ
Ǻǣ̫ϣҲΪʲôԭ̫ãûû̫ս飬Ҳһ¡ƿСɫҲǰο
С˵ͷҲǿһѾǱԼ꣬磬ǸŮֻ꣬άƬ̵Ĵڡ
Ƶ˵ͷһеĺɫǸֳһĨЦ͵һգâȻرֱӵѾϳˣĸоħżƣ˵εħѲϵ
ƽעǰɢ΢ĹâϣɵüͷŮȻѾȻһΪӣƺʱпɢ
ץʱˣȻһоͰ׷ѹѣаصԼҪŮнļ֪֮գС򵽵׷ʲô顣


2210 ص
һڵĶѨ֮УɢһѪȵζڶѨ룬һСӣĽһ޵ѪɫҺ壬ȳζǴ
ڳ֮УһӰѪɫҺڲϵرգڳԱߣһ޵Ӱ¶Թ޵ضѪ֮еһӰ
֮壬ܿ졭ܿͽˣ
ڰĶѨ֮УȻظһΪ̶Ȼ޵ӰǷƵٴΣȻϳ˾ʧѾõħ
ȻʱħȴͻȻһ˫͵ؽصѵлڣ
ûյɱħһɵģҲˣǸСŮвӡǣȻڸղһ˲䣬ԼȴǴһʹ֪˶µӡǶˡ
ˣ֪Σ֮ҪĲ϶Ѿ׼ˣСЩѪҺ֮ʣҿʱȺ쵰ôֹң
ħƬ֮Ƿ˲ЦȴͻȻҧгݵصƣƲţܿҾ㳢Եʹʲôζ
ٶȻصǸɱС֮ϣƽضǰ壬ȴ¶һĨЦۿŮҪɢȴûκΰ취н
ΪŮڿ־֮лԹȥڵ嶼ǻ֮ǰһֿ־壬һ˸ǲѣ˵֪һЩʲô飬ͨûа취
ûа취ôҲ̾һȻһ۾Ϳ⵽ô£Ҳ̲סϧͲôһ㡣
̫־ˣĶǻ֮ǰЩµɱ¾䣬޷нҡҡͷҲҪջûκΰ취
ɡСʱȴҧͷ΢΢صЩ亹ȻҪά⻽ҲĴ
㻹а취üͷѵʱ򣬶ǸʲôУôйصģ֪յĺóĲ֮
ǿжȡڵļ䣬ӦÿԻȡЩƬΣһӦöԷһЩСҧ֪ԣǲʩչϾ̫˵
꣬һΪزݵ飬ǿаѱ˵ȥҪֱӵضȡļ䣬壬һöԷֱӵر
ȴǳĻδСе㲻ƽϾĻԺС׷ʱ򣬻ܵΪǿ׷
ûʱˣСҧҲȡƬ֮ͻɢ֮УҲǽ
£ɲ÷ƷԣСɫȻһ䣬еӡҲѸٵر仯ʱǰҲǷʹؽƺڳʲô˵ĥ
һĻҲ֪Ҳ̾һ
Сͺһǰɢ΢âǶȻһЩâһһ棬ڿбһ˲ɢ
Ů̺֮ļ䣬СޣܹļҲֻ࣬ʮһţ֮ЩʧСŮ׵ʧ֮䡣
ͨ
ʩչһУС嶸ȻصڵϣϵشŴȻղŶ̫ˣֱӵǿа䣬ܵɡ
ˣ˳˼ղһ˲䣬ʮһţǶǿ˵Ѿ㹻ǽеĻ沶׽
ǿôƬ֮󣬷ƲһСһ̽鷢СֻĹ̫࣬⡣
˵˵ͷɫüΪأȻղʾļƬβʮ棬Ѿ˵㹻飬ǿһħĺӰһȫں֮µӰȥƺΪ
һħӰĲʩչֶ֮½ȥȻһеĶ˵ҲǺ֮ħ
û뵽Ȼɥͨ˶ǲŹҧѽݺݵص½ŲĹأ˭ʲôǿߣǲܶͨ˶֣һ֣ԵĽ½׷ɱ˵ڴǾٶˡ
ڽĳΪµ飬Ҳĵһ¡΢΢س
ǰɱʥߵĿأǻ֪ħ־ٶȴȫ


2211 ŭ
÷Ƶ˷ӦʱСŮѾǳ׵ʧˣƵҲ֪һжħڰиһɱ
ǣǷѽǣħΪҪЩͨ֡
£ҲΨлȥʦСƬ̣Ҳ˵¼ȻħϹϵôͲˡ
Ҳǣ˵ܹ²⵽ЩƵ˵ͷҲǴ¸жᣬϾʱԶںܶ鶼ǱȽ
ףСôˣСʱȴǶȻطСʱ״̬е쳣˵˫貵߲âΪĿ
С˿ȥΪ£ƺĳ״̬֮Уڷƽ֮е߲âɢ˵ȴٴ̱£ֱӵ˻ԡ
֮壡
СԹȥ֮ǰȴǵôۣõ÷˽һۣ˼⡣
ٴԺסֱӵرС𣬶˵ʰһ´˵أȴԺ𡣡
˵ͷСԺ˵ǼΪҪһ̣ƱֱӵشС뿪˴˵أֱԺķȥ
һ·ϣƵɫüΪѿղСǰһĻϵسУʱС𣬸һȫһĸо
Ժʥ̸ȻʱһϢȴֱӵؽԺõԺ֮еڶǿ߶Ϊ֮һ׷̧ͷգǺˣԺҲֱӵͷơ
ţȻ̧ͷüͷ壬Ƿƣô£ټʧ̬ġ
ƲǺСһȥôʥ΢΢һ㶣Ҳɫޱ䣬ĪСʲô飿
ԣɫҲ΢䣬һۣҪֱӵسȥƵĶǸ죬ʱѾǽٵ˺˵ǰ
ʲô£ȻбǻԹȥС𣬵ҲɫòֱӵһѽӹСȥ
ȿСµ˵غһСʲô⣬ˡ
ʥ˵ͷǸ˵߶ϣʱ𲻶ϵС壬Ƭ֮󣬲ǻ˫
ôСû󰭰ɣ
˵ͷֻˣʱĻԶѣ޴󰭡
˵Ʋصһֻͨ࣬ǵҲ޴󰭣Լʧ̬ˡ
ô£㲻ǴһȥѪôŰ첻ĹС״̬ĪʲôֵĵˣʥɻصҲӦãзڣʲôҪСֵģ
ġεһЦҲǽľһһʮ˵Ѿ֪νѪħڸ
Ȼħɥļһ֮˴ŭǱΪħ𲻻֣ͨһֱδ뵽ϡ
˵ޣʥҲսȭͷ˫޾ŭΪ½ĶǿߣҪĳЩ粻ܶͨ˳֣ħһֱӵɱ˵ȫͨˣûаΪ
УһҪԳ֣Ҫ½ҲҪնɱˣʵ̫ɺˡļֱ˵ǰɱʥǿߣܹ⣬ȴǰѺͨˣħֱһħͷ
ʦϢŭҪΪһʱ֮Լţ˵ħļơʥԱҲǿЦڵ˱ŭ޲ðħҳж˿飬ʵ뷨ֺһˣҲǺ޲ȥħնɱˣȻǲܵ飬ħص̫ˣ
غ˼ǿԼ侲زͣ߶Ƭ֮󣬲ҧɳеʥǿߣǰ½ҲҪҵ
ɳʥǿߣʥɵصħ˵ʵضԸһʥǿ߻ģذʥǿɳȥħлɳˡ
İɣѾǱشֻ״̬ȻҲ֣ͨھ˺ͨʥ׵ǿߣδܵУҲױնɱ
غһҪϧһд۰ħɱ


2212 ֮
Ա߳ĬȻҲòȥħһղֱ˵һ̣һʥлʸ˫ͻƵ˴ۣôͻø⣡
ˣС֮ǰ˵һ仰ʲô֮壡
ƶȻ̧ͷʥɵص֪ʲô֮ô
ʥȻһۣԿеľɣʥȷ֮壡
Ƶ˵ͷڻԹȥСϣüͷҲ֪СΪʲô˵ڻ֮ǰƺĳһֵ״̬ҵĸоΪİ˵ĸֱ֮ӵػ˹ȥ
֮塭֮塭ʥǿе૵Ȼ֪֮ʲôȴоܶһ㣬ƺԼⷽļ䡣
ȥһºµӦЩأҼǵ֮壡üͷҲܵģ鶼ǵãȴȷԼ϶֮壡
ԣǺǼʥȻһĴȣʲôһ㾪·ɫҲ΢䣬ܹú¼飬²򵥵¡
ھȥùʥվֱӵ˸Ƭ̣ٶȷأȴһӵƤ
ǵһЩʱ¡ŷƵҲֱӵذʥеƤžùƽ̯
˽ǶһƤžϸؿ´һۣȻƤž̯󣬼صĶȴǱȽ϶࣬Ҫһ󿴲ܹ֪
ҵ
еָָƤžĳһ￪ʼ֮壡
㻰Ҳ׽ָ߱ĵط±ǿ˹֮Ϣ˽ϸһһֵؿ
֮壬һʣһֿΪʣ۾ǧŰپʮŸ˵ѪҺһ˲ϵգӶﵽıʣһγɣ˾ͬһ㣬Ϊֱӵشﵽ벽۾磬ֻҪܹ췣Ϳֱӵسɾʹ֮λΪһ񣡡
ǧŰپʮŸ˵Ѫ
һ仰ʱ򣬰ڵˣˣǶĴۣȻҪǧŰپʮŸ˵Ѫսһ˵壬Ӷ壡
ѵ˵ħҪͨ˵Ѫһ֮壬ٽжᣬһֻҪɹܹøǿ
ɫȻرøΪѿ֮Ǻʱ½һΪ񶾵ߣΪ˳ΪۣϧоΪаķֱӵسֽλ񶾵߾͵ػɱͬʱҲΪ½Σ룬֮ˡ
һȻûж֪ǿˣ
ħҲĪѾǴӱĵط֪֮İ취ҪϧһдҲҪһôʥüͷĻ̫Σˣ
һħ𶾼Ƴɹô֮ͻܹŹ췣ͻֱӵسɾʹۣʱ˭ܹ
ļһǰҪͨɱʥǿָȴǷ֣ǱشΨ״ִ̬İ취ɾԼɫޱȷŭħ̫ˣ
ǧŰپʮŸ˰⡭ħɥĲ񣡡ʥþù󣬲Ǹ̫̾ܵǴ
ţȵȣ滹ûꡣüͷμ֮󣬻к𵱳һЩעͣҲǼؿȥ
֮壬ΪȻǴǧŰپʮŸ˵ѪҺҪֿһʱգÿԲ֮ҹܹͨЩѪҺգҪʮʱ䣡
Դͨ˵ѪжˡгҲǿʼ׷ʣû˵ĻôҲ˵ħδɹ
ʥһۣʥǰǰֵģΪҲǺ֪Ҫȷ㣬һǰ
һǰôָһ㣬ҲƤžϣдģ֮壬ʼҪŸ˵ѪҺһεԲ֮ҹҪʮˣȻȥεԲ֮ҹǾŰٸĴҪľǾǧҪľǾ


2213 취
û˵ĻôӦÿԲ²õħѾǾ˵ĴΣٸһᣬռ˵ѪôνĴ֮壬ͻ֣
ƽȭͷһεСɱԼĪңҲպ֤˵ĴҪľǧˣжϳħڵ״̬
˼˵һħֵĻͻǾˣʥʧе̫ˣһεɱѾúܶ˾ˣһνֵʮǽǶôؿ£
Уȥˣ൱һеȳе˿ˣɫüΪ̫˾ˣ
û´ĻһĿ˻࣬ǱҪֹƳħɱ¾ȥԲǸ취
ħڰʤʥغһҲ˳˼Ҫֹħ𣬲򵥵顣
ûǸ֪ħںδҪֵĻ˵ǸǺ޷ҧоŭ𣬵ȴӿһĨΡ
ǸҲΣնɱԷǶԷȴƻøһһڲ֪ĵط
ǲûа취â˸Ժ֮вϵͷ˸Ƭ̺󣬲ǵֻ㶯̫󣬿ܻħֱ
ʲô취ʥ׷ʵ
½ĸָ¸ı䣬һЩС˿ڶǾۼһγһµĳУɳʥǿһܹԤħٴγ֡ƻؽԼе뷨˵Ҳ֪вУϾƻһʵʩĻ̫ƴˡ
˼ǡʥһ㶣һۣҲ޴֮ˣȻܹ仰˼ͬҲǱ𾪵ˣĻ½˵Ƿ츲ˣ
ȣ˿ϵһ㶼һЩСˣĻǿȰСиϲΪһǣɳ벽ۼǿ򣬶һЩСһ㶼ֻһ˿ڣͬҲ԰ЩСϲһһСǣɳʥǿ򣡡Ժ֮ͷϵӿ֣ͬʱƻҲԽԽ
ÿ֮Ŵ󷨵Ĵڣһħ֣ǿߣͨվѸٵس֣һҲܹΪһֶַΣ
ʥ˳Ĭ˼ŷ˵취ԣϾƻȥ֪ǳƴˣ˵ʵʩ»ѣ
Ļ½ĸֶı䣬»һЩСĲǻΪԺҪһͳ½ʥüͷ
Ȼ½֮ϣΨԺһÿŲͬСеѾǹ˳Ժ£ǻһǲԸԺ֮£⵹Ҳһ⡣
ߣԺ½֮ϣ˭ܹ⣿ЩС뷨Ͳùˣֱ˰εɱ¼ɢȥʱȻǶֽţͨȻǻԶѰҵСЦЩ޴ΪԺҪư½Ǿ̫Цˡ
»Ҫ죬̫ãǱߵ˿ڣҽͳһؼһ棬Ȼ侳֮佨ҲࡣƳһ£Ͼ侳֮䣬̫ԶǴģǨƣǲܵ顣
µ񣬿ҲֻˡƬ̣ҲεصΪǲħɱȥ
ְ취ȻǷֻԺϾħڼ㣬ûǰǰвԣֻҪʥ۷ǿͿԡʥҲ
û²̫ãڵħ϶Ǿǧ˵ѪҺƺóһʱ䶼ٳ֣Ҫľǳʱ䣬ЩãҧҲħ𣬵ҲֹܹܵԷٴνɱ
һɱǾǾˣˣǸʲôǾ͵һе˿ڣ½֮УͲֱ࣬ӱɱ˵Ļǽһô˾顣
ʥǷźţԺʥǿ߶ټ˻Щ벽֮ϵǿߣںδҪϻԺ
ԶڱԭҲյϢҲǹ˲Լͷϵ飬ֱӵһ˻صԺϾټɲȻŴ·ˡ


2214 ֱ䶯
еǿ߶ѾصԺ֮ҲΪ֮𺳣ʵ̫ˣνǵ߸½
вǿߴзԵһĽ֮󣬽һ޳ɣڶ˵ǳҲ뿪½ٶȷ磡
Ϊʥͷƣǻʸ˫ѾȫɳĺСκһ˶ŻΪֻۣһͻƣĽͻᱻƣʱǾָܹʵٱѹƵ벽۵ľ硣
󣬾˵飬ڵһǣͨУе˿ڶǾۼһ𣬶侳ߣֻһǣԺΪģԲΪǣ⻹侳ڳͨС
ڵǱߵģֱӵɳһֵǿ۵ǿߣ⻹ʮʥף侳ߣԺʥ˹ͬԵҲһʥǿߣ
ܿ죬ٶֱӵƽѾõ½׵طͨ˻ûж˵Ժյĵ½ֻҪܹϰӣѾǷǳˡ
ȻҲһЩСʼȻ½ֻԺһưԣϾ侳ԶԶûн쵽һٶԺһͳ½
һĴ֮£еǿ߶ЩԵֱӸѹҪʱȡֶΣ˵һЩҲΪǺãȴǲ֪һ㡣
½ּΪƽ״̬֮¹ȥһңȻһ棬½ĸֶǳ׵ظı䣬ǣ;ŴС
Ƿֱǣǣ³ԼˮǣŴǷֱΪǣسǣǣƳǣǣǣǣĳǣǣһʮڵķΧڡ
侳ߣֻһǣΪǣǵĸΧǣֱԽľˮΪ֣һʱ֮䣬½Ǿþòƽ
ʱعȥЩԵ𽥵ر΢ֱӵʧԺǿƣûһ赲ΪԺǵΪǿӵΪ۷
һڶ֮УżΪ̱ǵѪζںڶһӰڲϵطŭԱߣһ޴ĳﻹЩѪɫˮһݵӰ
ģëȻһͳ½
Ҳ
ӰϵطȻһֱʧδ¶ħ𣬲ʱȴǼΪŭΪǰʱȥʱȴǷ½˾޴ĸı䡣
ħһ֪֮̽Ժֱӵسư½ǵ侳ѾǳΪ£
һУӦħģǾµһȴԼһֽĵǱߣβߣ
һе׾Ƿƣ
ħ𲻶ϵط˷ŭѪ֮еһӰ΢ضһһǲʺɫҺʱøӵ
һεѪûˣҪ׼һξ˵ѪˣħʱҲע⵽ˮ֮еı仯ɫҲǱвɵ
Ȼ뵽һ㣬øӿգͬҲǺ֪ٶΪʲôԼΪѾǱԷ֪ˣһҪ۳֮壬ͲһҲΪؼһ
ʵƵ˲ǣȻħһ֮壬ǹ̲û򵥣ҪҲǱΪ֮ǸˣһҪǿԽǿԽã
ΪʼҪܵǾŸˣڶǾʮǾŰٸĲǾǧΨܹһһؽԷ֮壬ǰһӰѾڽ˵ĲۿҪɹ
ֻҪϢһʱ䣬Ȼֱӽе岽ֻҪŹȥôܹ֮ȫγɣٽжɹ췣Ȼٽжᣬָܹ
ʱ򣬱˵½ºٶȸħҲŰսԷѹƣ
˾ǧŰپʮŸѪ֮壬һȫγɣ¾ǺǿߣҲ֪һôĿ´ڣ
ʱҪѰһˣˡסڵɽ֮УϵػħǴ̶þòɢ


2215 ˵еս
ʱ䵯ָԺʱӦǽǣ֮УϵĳʥǹĻһ鶼棬ȫǽʥԼһ˴
һʱҲǾʼʱ䷨򣬶ּԵһֱδ̫ĽͣڳʼĽ׶Ρ
ڽ죬ȴҵڱչصķƣԭǣĹ֮ϾҪٿˡ
Ĺ֮ص飬Ҳǲ̫ΪĹ֮δȥ֮أγɵһС磬ǵȰ̴档
ĳ֣ҲǴӱչص״̬֮ѹ֪ԼٵĽĹ֮أ˵ĺ֮أ
ƣһȥӽָóһɫʯݸ˷ơ
ʲô΢΢һ㶣ӹеɫʯûʲôĵطȥΪʱ̫ԶɫǱࡣ
ǺǰϢȥĹ֮أŰƬ̵֮͸¶ԷƵĵġ
ƻȻͷԭɫʯȻҲ£˵ĿԾԼһϾĹ֮ΣأͬԼûжİգΪ˰ŮӣȥһУ
ˣ˵ʱ䷨ôͻȻ̧ͷʵ⵱֮ʾͺѯʣȴһֱҲû̫ʱ棬֪Żѯʡ
ʱ䷨򣿡΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶˹Źֵɫ˷ƣ˵ַ򣿡
Ӳɫûнڱµ𣬵Ҳһڣ˵ĳһλǿ֮пżŻһ¡
Ǻǣʱ䷨ǿǴ˵֮е¶Ȼ飬ŵԶʢ꼻һֵĳǿ֮ϵĿ
Զʢķ򣿡΢΢һ㶣Īʱ䷨Ѿʧˣ
ַ˵Ҳһι¡΢΢һЦҲ֪ԶʢǸ׿Խνǻƽʢʱ󲿷ܹյ󲿷ַΪľˮ֣һС֣Ǹ˺ڰ򣬹򣬻ǿռ䷨򣡡
Ƶ˵ͷһǼΪ֮ȫس⼸ֲͬԵǱȫƿأΪԵ˿ռ䷨Ĵڡ
ȴ֪İַ򣬻һָӿµķһ֮ϵ߷ʱ䣡ַ̾ңҲǵһЩֹ֮һΣʧˡ
ʱ䷨˭ķ򣿡ƶʱȤ˵ĻҲͬΪӵʱ䷨Ȼûȫ򣬵ҲʮֵַǶôؿ¡
ıʱ٣𼶱ĴҲδܹĪǴ˵֮еĹ
һλ߹ķΪʱ䷨򣬲Դ֮սַѾǳ׵ʧˣҲ𽥵˻ַĴڡҡҡͷЩҲʱһЩϼ
񡭡΢΢һ㶣ּҲǲһ־֣ԶģǿٵصĴڣף
ǺƶǿߣҲǲϵ׷µľ磬ϧûܹɹҲͳһ˵еĴڡ
֮սʲô˼üͷ΢壬Զŵ̫ˣ֮УȳǿҲǲ֪Զʱ£Ψȵ½ǨƳǿߣŻ
ǰʢʱڵսϯλսҳֵʮ꣬ǸңԶȴܹȷеؿ϶һսǵȷڣǲݻλ档ЦŵȻҲǴ˵ѣݴ˵ǹ֮սеΪս
ϯλս֮սɫϱ仯ƺ뵽ʲôڱµһƬ棬һսļ֤ߣ
Ҷ룬˵ȥҲûţѵѾȥ˵֮ս֮ôȻԼôᷢʱ䷨ʯ
ʹҡҡͷǿԼҪ룬̫ˣԶսϢһȥѪȷ磬֪ô᳹׵شң


2216 
Ľ⣬иǽ࣬˵һ֪Լսʱ䷨ôԼ˵һ޴Ķʱը
ڵ˵ǱȽϰȫ׼е˵ֻҪûͻƵ۾ûдĽǿ߶ѹڰ벽۵ľ磬͸õģΪ˵벽֮Уѹ
ҲΪһ㣬Ժ֮еڶǿ߲ŻĿ࿴һͻĽеǿ߶ǻָԭˮƽôһССİ벽ۣȻҲᱻԷӡ
ʱ򣬱˵ˣһǰû˿ȥֵԱҪܱ
뵽һ㣬¶΢Цԭˣʱ䷨֮ܣϧ˺ûܹٴķ򡣡
ǹĻַûܹٴ򡣡ҲЦЦַҲڴ֮гֹǷشڣ˭Ҳ֪
ЦڰԼʱ䷨˵֪᲻һ
ʮ죬Ĺ֮ʱ䣬һ׼Ȼ׼̰ɣһοǶﲻ̫࣬ϾĹ֮浽ʲôҲ̾˿
Ƶ˵ͷָһ㣬ʱҲǲˣĹ֮ڵĵطǻе룬Ҫǰ촥ǰȻʱ¾ͻں޲ˡ
ʵûа취ҪǿԼסΪҪ֮ǰôһ仰
ƿЦȻ֪⻰ĺ壬ȴôٿµգҲǱҪ굤Ĳϸռ֣ȻĻŮ˭ȻԼߵĳŵЩȴɣΪðա
Ŀ뿪ҲغһҲվԭڳһ룬תһ
Ҫ֮ǰٿһ۰Ůӡ
ŮԺĽ֮У˵ؽأǿ߰ػҪ򵥵شǷҲû
ŻԲѵİŮӣƳĬӾھεɫŮ֮ԻΪ״̬ȫΪ԰ŮӵΪôܻش
΢΢ر˫Ժ֮Ļ治ϵ˸ӵһοŮӵһ־ޣֱӳԼǵǰԼ๫ȻʱҲǸоĪ
ǣһ·ŮΪԼĲ٣෴˵Ǻܶ࣬˷ܹܵķΧԲһŮӾ
ҺεºܣܹƺΪ๫ԳһЦҡҡͷڰŮӵȻǺҲԼز²⵽һЩذŮӿΪĳЩԭ˳˯ʧȥļ䣬ֱԼ
˭Ժô´ȥĹ֮ǾһһΪѰҵ굤ҪĲϣƻ˫¶һĨɫ
ƱǶȻת˳ȥٴι֮ʣͱȻҪðŮѹԼǷ̫ˣ
뿪ǣϢû˵ȥ֮еĲǿ߶֪ƽҪȥʲôط뿪һ˲䣬ڶǿҲ̧ͷŲ񷣬ɫĪ
ܹĹ֮ذȻɡ
վں֮УңңؿԶǷȥķɫÿɬ֪ʲô
ʦ棬ɷȥĹ֮أ׵ôʱʥسŷȥķɫĪظӡ
ֹô֮вײصΣҼΪĴڣܹĹ֮ػôҲͻƴ۵ʱˡ
ͻơʥ૵صŷͬһ磬ȴûκͻƵף˵ϣǷƣֻڵȴĳһǽͻƵ
᲻ңҲǳĻ˵Ÿʱȥ򡣡δתЦŵ
ʥҡҡͷôᣬΪҵ⾳磬һ޷κͻƣؼҳΪ֮ȻĶ࣬Ҳһ쳾ζ˵ҵĵ档
ҵ⣬Ψ֪ĵ֪أһнԵЦ
ȻˣԺǿҲûз֣ڷȥ֮һӰĵ뿪˳У뿪ķ򣬸ովŷһ£


2217 Ĺ֮
뿪Ժżķȥ½ߣÿĹ֮سֵڡ
ڸ·⼸֮УƷ֮еһշһЩ仯ֹʴһĻҲ΢΢һĹ֮ؿźܴĹϵ
Ĺ֮ؿϢ½ǿУǲʲôϡϢϾǵҲǺһµǿߣȴ׵ؽĹ֮ء
ΪĹ֮ʵ̫գ˵һλǿߣҪӲĹ֮أٴ֮Ҳû˿߳Ժܶǿ֪Ĺ֮ؿҲֻԶԶعۿһ롣
ĸ·֮󣬷νĹ֮أʱȴûпٵǿ֣߳ϾһΪһЩصǿߴ󲿷ֶѾԺ֮УȻҲ֪ƴеĴ㣬Ҳ
ȴûвңԶһֱһӰϵǰУ·һģһȻĿĵؾĹ֮أƿӰĻƱػޱȵؾȣΪС
ϣΪʲôҪ͵͵űȥǸʲôĹСȫһɫ۷֮УϵѸǰУ˴ҲڵһҪطһЩ
ֻطܹΪشۣСڣһõ
ΪʲôǲһأС˱죬еίͬҲ֪ԼҪȥĵطǷҪȥĵطҲΪѰĳһ
һܣһֻԼȥõȥĻûа취õˣһ˵ʮġСڵһҲǳƬ̵еɣƺʲô顣
ŶСҲǲԸص˵ͷ˵ĻѰҵһܹͻƵشˣ˵һջ
翴ͻƳ˴ۣ֪᲻ҲҿġСаصһһֵʴٶҲǶȻؼӿ࣬Ϊڵһҹ߹ʴ֮ʣĹʱ򣬶ĹʱֻƬ̣ˣǾҪٵȴˣ
ڵһλشڣԸٵȴ꣬ҪظϵĹ֮أ
ƴʱѾνĹ֮أ½ļ֮أԭһƬ಻ɽ˸׶ޣⲻ־ĴڣȻȴڴ˵أһƬɽҲܵӰ죬һƬ֮أ
պڴɽޣǹʧ֪ЩޣѾĹ֮УƴеĿģҪĹ֮أѰ߲ʽڣ
߲ʽڣԶŵʱھһּΪǿޣÿһͷ߲ʽڶĴڣһΪµ壬Ѿˣһλ˵ԼĹ֮ؼҲΣյĵط
վһƬɽ̧ͷһգһջûȫʴϣŻûȫʱ俪Ĺ֮أ֮ǰԺһЩǿ߸֮Ĺ֮Ҳһֳ֪
ʴȫһ̣ɽϿվͻֱᷢ仯һڶֻҪ˺ڶ棬Ĺ֮أֵעľǣڶֵʱֻƬ̣ûܹƬ֮ڽȥôھͻȫգҪͱٵȰꡣ
ͨؽ룬ôȻǲκεǣȻǿȴǸĹ֮ؿʱ˿ԽȥͬģĹ֮ڵͬҲԳ
ÿһĹ֮ؿһЩǿ޴Ĺ֮سʱóȻڸĻпܾǻܵЩ޵ĹЩ˿Ȱ벽ۼ߲϶١
룬֪ģÿһĹ֮سֵޣǼΪ¡
ʶɨӹһƬɽһĹ֮ؿû̫ǿߣ⵹еϣϸһ룬ҲǻȻ
Ȼûб˵ĳ֣ȻҲǷʮ⿴飬Ǿʱʱ̧ͷ֮еһգʴһ̣Ĺ֮صʱ
ڷԶԶĵطСһۣ֮ͬҲʱʱ̧ͷŲ񷣬ʱ˫߲âƺڵȴʲô
ʴˣȻʱƶȻ˫âֱӵվһĨЦ⣬˵Ƶ۷壬ΪĹ֮أҪˣ


2218 
ͬʱСҲ̾һ̬ǰһסϢȻϢǰţ𽥵ؿһƬߵɽ
ȴʮֵؽûбƷ֣ʱҲȫעעյı仯Ȼûע⵽ȻСҲǹسڴ˵ء
䣡
ͻȻһ죬ɽϿգղϵزһϸ΢غɫѷڿռ֮Уһɫѷĳ֣Ҳ
ʱƣƸоõһΪϵϢǺɫռѷԼһЩΪ̶޺
Ҫô΢˫֮һ΢âڲϵ˸ΪӦڿһ˲ӿֳǿޣѾ׼
Ƭ֮󣬺ɫѷԽԽ󣬾ͺƬ񷶼Ǳ˺ѳһӣպڶ׵سͣʱһ޴ĺд
ڶҲǸֳ˵貵ĹâɢǿޱϢľ޴Ӱг
𣡡
΢΢͸ڶ֮еĹâһЩ棬ͬĹ֮磬ƺҪƴسȻȴĳصסǣֻôֻֻܹܱĹ֮С
ŭ۽ԣԳģǲһЩǿѾôȻȫĹ֮أȻĻ治࣬ǿ޶ǼΪǿһЩѾǿڣĹ֮ضڣ
˵ǳһνĹ֮أˡ
ôΣգҲǱҪһˣʱעǳڶļͷޣ±üͷЩһɲ׶Ը
˫ɻ𾦾ߣϾħʨ
ƷֱǱϳͷǿ޵ҲһΪЩڵѾѰҲˣΪµǣͷϢ˿Լ
ҪĹ֮棬ּޣǻСүô졣Ƶ²ɵкݺݵһ䣬ͷǿ޹ȡʱĹ֮ء
оֱǿȥǿͷ޵ǿ֮еľ˲Ǹıˣݱһͷ޵ķâһͷԼ£ͷע⵽ԼԼƱؾͻᱻϣʱ˵ȥĹ֮أ¾ҲǼΪѡ
Ȼʲôʲôڷ׼ҪʱͷĹ֮سǿѾע⵽˷ƵĴڣҲֱӵŭһͷ޶ֱӵر˷ơ
ǵȿµϢϯɫ΢䣬ɲΪͷģɷӣͰԼɱ˰ɡ
õȷҲûЩ޵ȷǺ޲ɱǰķƣ׼˵ɱǰֵÿһˣΪվǺˣǿЩ޽Ĺ֮أȴҲûа취ӳĹ֮أֻÿ꣬ڿʱ򣬴ӶһЩܹ˵س
ͷ޴ޱȵĿ޶˵ֱӵسԼǸ̬޲ҪԼ˺飬Ƶ±ɫ䣬Ͳûˣô¡
Ҳûü̫࣬ͷ޾һ֪ж鷳ڿʱ仹ʱƣԼҪȥ˷ʱ䡣
ƴˣֱӳȥɫأҲ΢΢һҲû·ˣֻҧǰ壬ֻҪȥĹ֮أ˵
ƳХһ˵ƶʱ֮ϵâҲǲ˷ǰһ׵磬Ű֮еڳȥ
ͷµޣƾȻӣŵǳʱҲǷŭѣضŷʩչֹ
ڲԶСӰطǳãüͷֵ֮ޣһ㵹Ҳϣ·ƽȥҲûа취ͻȻǿȥ
ϣô죿С𿴼ս֮УҲ̲סսڵĴȴصţ
ȵţƬ˵һʱ䣬ʱٿǵϵҲΪεصû뵽طı仯󣬳ԤϣھϣܹؽսҲǳûĹ֮ء
ʵڵ˵СҪֱӽĹ֮أҲǲУͻᱻƷ֣ʱᷢһЩʲôɹƵı仯ͲǺϣ飬Сڵȴš


2219 һ
ͷ˿ԼޣҲȲѣͷ޽ԶޣԵʮֵضضǿ󣬷û̫ʱڴ˵ӣֻƴ塣
˫ɻſѪڣһ貵Ĺ˲ֱӵ˷ƣ𾦾ߣһƬɫ壬׵סƵȥ·ϾħʨǲϵɫķУγһƬƬԼϮ
һĻ˵ĳ嶯ˣͷҲ޷ֱԣ±ͣǰĽŲ˫ֽһӡһľ޴Ǵڳ
𣡡
ϵش췣̺֮ƣͷҲǶʱΪ֮һ㶣ǿͻȻֵӴҲֹͣ˹ƣһؿ
޶ΣΪУǿһͷǰܵõһв췣֮µ֮һлһеͷȻǾ¡
СүûôʱǺһҳ壡Ʋ׽ͷ޵ɫ仯Ҳһֱӵʶؿֱӵϯͷޣ
ʱ֮嫣һͷ޴ϵ̾ᣬͷµ޷˽ҲڲϵѰͻƵĻᣬضһռڶֻҪлᣬͻֱȥ
ͷһۣҲʲôһ㣬¼طŭȻȫƣٶȷ˹ƺǲѷǲݡ
вϵذͷǺ˦ţƤһ㣬Ȼη췣֮ȴȫһҪŪԼģŹκλϮԼ
ͷ޵Ҳͣαܿķâתϵؽ˷ƵϣһʱƬ̣ҲǸûлͷޡ
ˣ
ȻʱٶʱƲ׽ΧĿռ俪ʼһϸ΢زɫҲǱ࣬ͶһڶۿһڶȻǷ΢ر仯ڲϵŤš
˵ţڵĿռ俪ʼüΪȶƺϾͻرգиջͷҲǳŭ
ΪСүҲǣŭһҲǿеƣһӱüҲͷ޴˿µĹƣͬʱҲǻ֮£
Ƶʱ䲻࣬ͷȴؾڲԶС˫ü壬һжȭͷ̲סգüҪȥ֣ڵĺ϶ֹٵȵȡ
ϣҸоǸڵĿռ俪ʼòȶˣҪٵôС֮͸¶һĨɫֻؿŷƱͷٹ˶ãھͻȫرգʱҪȥǲܡ
ٵȵȣϵҲǼޱȣͬСô֮еĺڶüͷҲǽ壬ȥȷһȽϼֵ飬ֲԸ÷֪Ĵڣֻǵȥ
ٵȶðҲ֣ҲȥҲȥһǶôСв⣬һֱΪκϲ֪ĴڣּΪؼʱ̡
ȨҰɣʵǲеĻǿг֡ϳƬ̣ҲֻεصС˵ûΪͷ޶˽ʱ䣬ԼҲȥĹ֮أǾͲˡ
СԣʱҲ¶һĨϲɫ±ֱӵر˫ٶʱ˫۶ǳһ߲âΪ죬̧ͷ֮еսüͷɽ塣
սȦ֮еķȻûע⵽ȱ仯ʱ˼ǰͷϣϾģͷ̫ѲˣƺҲ֪ԼҪĹ֮һ㣬ΪֱӵضסԼȥ·
ȥûа취Ĺ֮صģüĹ֮أܹѰҵ߲ʽڣΨܹðŮѹԲܷ
ʱ֮еһڶҲǿʼϵϣۿҪرˣɫΪѿûа취
ʱһصĴȴͻȻس֣һͬʱҲǸһĨ𺳡
һֱ֣նɱһͷޣȻȥ
֮󣬷룬ΪоѾȻһɼΪǿҲ˭һᣬҲֱӵ۳µ췣֮߿һͷ𾦾ߵϡ
Ǿ㿪ɣ
Ƶ˫һĨɫе췣֮Ȼ£


2220 
е췣֮۶ǱΪµĹƣͷޣͷĻȷмּɵǣסͷĻԼѹʱ
𾦾һ˫޴׶ʱֳһĨֵɫϵ˻ţƺһ󣬵ȴǷ֣֪ʱһɼΪǿȻȻֱӵͷޡ
䣡
ʣͷ޴ʱҲǿ಻ԣȻ֮£ǸоһɽһѹԼϣǶܶ
е췣ֱ֮ӵرʱֱӵϯȥ𾦾߶ǸֱӵסһƬ貵ɫ̻ͬһزʢ
У
貵â֮Уϵش𾦾ߵʹ຿ȻŷΪ࣬ҪһԷƵ췣֮»ûж
ƴʱҲǲͻȻǳֵǿ߾Ȼֲ˹ֱӵͷޣöԷ޷ʱ֧Ԯ
ΪȻǲ֮£½ʱֳôһµĴڣͷٵ˸۾Ƴһȫںɫ۷֮µӰȻظ֮Уȴһξ롣
·Ҳ룬ΪʱʣͷѾѵλߵȻǵһʱ䣬ֱӵԼ
󣬻˶۸ôһĨЦݣһ貵â֮У𾦾ߵӰڲϵţȻ췣֮ܲȥ
𣡡
˫ɻԼϾħʨŭ𲻶ϣֱŷƷ˹һȴûǰǰɹˣһͷ𾦾ߵǣƣȻ࣬ϵͷ޵Ĺ֮µǽз
ζڿرˣ
ʱ򣬷жȻһҲǻعΪͷ޾ù񣬲ҲԼеĿģ΢΢̧ͷȻһڶڻСۿҪʧ
ΪϤĸоĪʶˣڲ֮࣬ҲǶȻظֳһĨɻ󣬷ŵһδԼûзϣȻԷڶδʱȴԼоһ˿ϤĲ
ȻԷԼʶĳһλǿߣ˭Ҫ͵͵ؽĹ֮أʱƵԺ֮вϵ˸Ժ֮еڶǿߣȻǱֱӵų
ˣ´Żѯʡ΢΢һҪǽͷնɱ׵ظȥȻԼ϶ûа취ӽڡ
ʱһƬ貵ɫâ𽥵ʧһ޴Ľɫֱӵص£Ȼǽ𾦾ߣܲס췣֮Ŀ´ֱӵرնɱ
һĻƵǸЦ⣬Ȼ𾦾ôʣµͷȻҲ⣬ɱˣ󣬿ɻһλصߡ
λѣһֽͷնɱΣƵ±Ǵһɫ۷Ӱûа취ȻܹƾԼһ˵ͷ޶նɱһķ̫ʱ䣬һ֡
ã
ɫ۷ûоֱܾӵشӦȻҲΪڿرˣ⵱²ټȥԸǽնɱ
ȴûȶ֣ڷƵϣ˼ԣ÷ȶ֣һĻ΢΢һЦҲҡҡͷԷҲ̫ˣѵԼϳô
ӵЦݣ˫΢УϾħʨϣҲӰһһ׹⣬ֱӵرȥ֮ռ䶼ֱӵһѺۡ
ɴ˿ɼһηƳֿƴȫ
Ƶĳ֣һλȫں֮µҲ΢΢ʮָϵؽŤƺҲ׼֣½֮һΪֱӵӿֶ
䣡
ƶϾħʨе췣֮ٶȱǿƻһͷ˫ɻҪ֧ԮȻһȴǱһΪ߲֣ѱ˵ȥԮˣ
⡭۽ƳһĨ߲ʣƵɫ䣬иֳһĨ𺳣֪ǰΪԼһϤĸоʱټһ߲˵ݶʱ֮
ǣС
СôܻʶȻһ̣صĺӰȻֱӵɱ˫ɻӰֱӵ˸Ű֮еڷɱȥ
ǰâҲֱ飬Ͼħʨûеֵþֱӵرնɱʱ̧ͷȴǷ֣СӰѾǽӽڡ


2221 Ժ֪
С𣡡
ƶȻŭһѾ֪һλԼں֮µ˭ˣСǵȺר߲½˭ӵص
ǽǰֻ̤ڵС˷Ƶŭ֮ӰȻһ㶣ƺƾȻܹϳݣǲ졣
ջǱô
ں֮µСͻȻЦؽԼĺ۸ȥ¶Լʵòƿֱӵ¶˽ɫСʲôĹ֮ؿɲܹĵط
Ȼƺܿͷ֣ǰС𲢷ԼʶС𣬵ɫͱָоԼСϸооǴʱС
㻹ĻôҪȴˡС΢΢ƫͷо߲âһ޷ֱӵơ
üͷ壬һռѺϾҪˣҲҧٶʩչ£Ѻ۳ȥ
㲻С㵽˭һ߼ǰһŭ֪ǰ˾ԲС𣡸οСûֿµΨһؽͣСڣһǿߵ꣡
Ժ֪СŷԼٵӿҲǹСȻѾǱˣôҲֻҪĹ֮أôĿؾѾǳɹˣ
·ҪֹԼû
֮СҡҡͷתȻ̤ڣӰʧ˷ǰȻһ̷ƿնҲǽȥȴǰһƬ貵Ĺâǿκξ
С𣡡
ŭһ±ǲ˵嶼ڲϵתţ߻Ųϵغķ۾
ڷƽĹ֮ǿռѺҲֱӵعرգɽʱٶȻָصһּžͬղŵһսȫûгֹһ㡣
Ƭ֮һݵӰһõȴǶȻسڴ˵أŸղſռѺۻָĵطþóĬ
ȻѡĹ֮õ巢ЦȻħ𣡴ʱŵɽʱоá
ǷôǿʱħԱߵһӰȴǻصޱȵĮȴβһĨۡ
ûǷƣɱˣȫңħЦǿûϵܿͻøһǱҪǿ
ݵӰʱǳĬȥһ紵ϵĺ۴¶ʵòȻһʮҵСݣɫȴǺ˵ز԰ףΨ˫һ˿־ɺ֮ɫ
ѾǽĹ֮صķƣȻǲ֪ʱ½֮ϣħڰһһʩչԼĸƻǲ֪ΪСģ
飡
֪˶ãƵȻڵ棬ΧĹâʱҲǱòˣɵ΢΢˫ǷԼһ硣
֮УʮգÿһնɢΪȵ¶ȣ֮Ӧþһƽԭǰ˸ߵĲݴԣһ紵ʱǽԭĲݴԶǴ
⡭Ĺ֮أ˫֮͸¶һָо˼ɫȻĹ֮أźܴĲࡣ
Ĺ֮أ˼飬ȻһĹأôỹôһԴľ
С𡭡
ƶȻ±ҪڿնѰСӰȻӰ΢΢һľ֮󣬱޷ټͬĳֹ
ѹƣҵΪ޷ֻǷӳ߳ɵΪвޱȣֱӵط˴˵صĲѰ֮
û뵽Ĺ֮ؾȻ˵ؿ£ּ߶ӲرѹȥֻǷӳ߳ɵ⵹ĵĵطҪѰҵС
üͷ壬Ժ֮лСʧ֮ǰһ仰ǸӣĻص֪СΪǿߵ꣬ȻԷΪǲͣȻҲԼôöûз֣һλ
һλ𡭡Ĺ֮أʲôͼôͷһж̫ˣĹ֮أСڵһ壬Ҳʱ䣬һֱβԼΪľǽĹ֮ء
ңͷޣԼ֪˸٣
һܣִ˵ظûСټüͷøĹ֮ô


2222 ޵Ĺ֮
Ƴһ£飬̫ˣҪľǣﵽһôĵطоѰҵ߲ʽڣ
뵽С״ƵɫҲǱùŹ˳˼˭СڣħȻǲܵ飬ô½ֻǻ˭
Īǡ𣡣жȻһ뵽һԼҲǱһˣǾǿٳ½ĺ
ôСϣǻҪĹ֮أ
ԽԽңʹҡҡͷԺ֮ҲǳŸָͷغһǷԼǲ֪СϾǷʲô顣
˭ҪСʲô飬ͱҲ֮ҲǸֹһĨأһСϣͼôƴŶԷǺԼҲöԷù
뵽һ㣬Ҳ侲»գԶͷƽԭĳڣ΢΢һҲǻһĨ⣬ֱӵǱ߸ȥ
ƵΪѹƣֻܶ߳ɵҲɲߣڷƬ֮󣬷Ƶ嶸Ȼͣٶ£¶Ź֮ɫؿΧٴ˳˼֮С
ռ䣬ƺе㲻Ѱ˫΢΢һգٶ˫ʱ˫ȴǳ֮ɫΪˣطȻ̺ޱȿµʱ䷨ںۼ
Ҳ˵ռѾǱʱ䷨ţʱٲһһķҲ÷˳Ĭ㿴ʱ䷨Ǻ𵱳Ҳƿع
ٱʱ٣⣡Ƭ̹˱¶֮ɫٶһղ΢΢̽һ£ִ˵صʱپȻǴﵽ˰ٱ٣
ٱʱ٣һʲôӵĸҲ˵Ĺ֮һ죬һ죬Ҳ£
뵽һ㣬ƵɫüΪѿһµĻг̱øΪȣƶԼǰ֮ڣѾȥʮ꣬ôʣʮ꣬ڴ˵ֻҲǵʮҡ
ģȻǰѴ˵صʱٿƵ˱̬ƲɵаһֱǿˣԼʱ䷨򣬸ֱ仯
ɫüΪٶȼٵǰУټƽԭȴǲκ޵ĴںۼһҲ÷ƸΪ⡣
ܿ죬ƱǿԼ֮ϵž޴İɫǺ֣Ȼĳһ־޴֮£еѾɫһ紵ֱӵɢ
𽥵ŸĹǺ֣΢˫˵ǱþƺĳһأȻôô޹Ǻ֡
ǰҲǼظϵڣԶԶǿһƬڲϵҲǷٶȣԼ١
񿴹ȥִ󲿷ֶξ޴ޣϢҲǲȻ󲿷ֶʥף˼ʥ۷ϢĿޣЩ޵ĶһǻؽһƬƽԭ
ôһ£΢΢üͷЩ޵Ķг˲⣬ЩڽƬƽԭ֮󣬶Ȼرóٻ
һЩڽƽԭ֮󣬲û߶ԶǰһֱӵصأϢȫޣΨһЩϢǿһޣܹ뵽
ǣ޵³ҲһģһĽ֣⿴ȥһ㣡

ǰһȷǰЩ޵пȥüͷ壬Щ޶ôǺܿͷһЩѰ⡣
һЩ״̬Ƕ޷˵ֱ߽һƬƽԭиȻʣЩޡǰƬطԼĹô
ƽüͷЩ˵ڽһƬط֮ΪʱٵĹϵ˥ϵٶȸѸ˰ٱ֮£ǽ಻ԪȻҲһ־ٶģ
ԭˣһƬƽԭЩ޵ķĹ
뵽һ㣬еĲҲʧСԼΣ֮Ǳȥƽԭ֮⣬ͦεɽ壬Ϊۼ̫ޣҲǲֱ
Ĺ֮أǰٰ㲻˽⣬֮мصǣ֮Լ귨γһĿռ䣬һƬɽֱӵֽȥڶ֮޶ǳΪĹ֮صһԱ
ʮȥˣû֪ЩĹ֮ػʲôӡ


2223 ߣ߲ʽڣ
ڷгǷҪ뿪һƬƽԭʱߵٶȷһЩ仯ƽޣʱʼ÷һͷͷ޽ǲϵŭ
ڷƳɵʱһɶȻƱǽٶ£ƳԾ̧ͷ͵̧ͷǷԭŲ֮еľմʱȻһջһɫâֱӵ׹
ȥ⵽Ǹô
ɫȻؾ䣬һĻνǼΪ𺳣һ£֮У׹һ̻ôӦǸоһȵϢ
аһȻҲǰвæǶ췣֮γһ֣ԱǸһּΪµϢ
һΪ̶쳹أһȥô죿Ҳǿһ׹µգҲһµӰسֶ
͸âһ˫޴ĳ򲻶ϵţһȻһͷɫѻһޣ
߲ʽڣһ㶣Ժ֮Ҳֹ޵֣ĪԼһֱѰҵ߲ʽڣҲδ̫ǿһ˰ɣ
߲ʽڽ֮Ҳͬһһ㣬ϵУϵػܣڱ鲼Χޣ߲ʽڵʱ򣬸ûκεطԣһһǸ׳Ƴ
һĻƸв֣߲ʽڼֱĹ֮صôǿޣȻһ׳Ƴ̬
߲ʽ֮󣬲ϵУƺڶڽнƬ߲֮ʽٶһ߰Уٶǻһܽɫâһһ㣬ٶǷ˲֮С
߲ʽڡȻܵƣƽϢãڷǸо߲ʽڵʶɨӶ
߲ʽȥ֮Χڶƺǵõʲôһ㣬׷׵صͷȥһĻƵвһҲһԼܹȻ뿪˵ء
ͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ȼ̧ͷŲ֮еľֽɫգ˳Ĭ¶һֿЦõ顣
ղ߲ʽڵĳ֣Ȼֽɫ֮һ˵һմһͷ߲ʽڵĻô˵žͷ߲ʽô
һ뵽ԣиһĳ嶯Ȼǲ֪⵽ôһ£Ȳ˵˵ͷ߲ʽڣԼôȥԣ
رӲˣƴʱΨôһͷЦѵؿŲ֮еľգҡͷЦӸղ߲ʽڵϢȻԼô˵Լûκΰ취ȥԾͷ߲ʽڣ
¶Ϊѵɫ̾һҲȻԼ٣Ϣ֮ɱȥʱڶѾǽӶȥû˭ע⵽Ƶĳ֡
ҲǿԵѹԼϢϾͷ֮Ͽž߲ʽڣ֪ԷܸܲӦԼڣܹӦԼڵĻɾͱˡ
ڼ뿪ƽԭһ˲䣬ɫȻ΢䣬֮࣬Ҳûֹĸо˱˫ϸظһҲ֪ڡ
һ̤ƽԭѹԼΪĪƾͲڣΪҪǣ棬ƺʱ࣬Ȼһӿ죬Ȼûļӿһٱǰ̬
һƬƽԭʲôطƽüͷʱǸɵҲ֪طȻǺܲһ㣬Ĺ֮棬Ǵĳֺĵط
ͻȻ𣬸ղ߲ʽڳֵʱ򣬲ûнһƬƽԭƺҲǶһƬƽԭżΪصļɵ֮ġ
⵽ǸôĵطƽüͷҲ˳˼㿴ȥƺطһأڶ˵˵ڹؼʱ̣طܹΪԼıֶΡ
ϾĹ֮أԼĴʮֵΣգǻҪͬһ߲ʽڣֱӵشﵽ˾һΣҲûжİա
̧ͷٶȿһ۲֮еľգƺûзԼĴڣҲ΢΢Ƭ̣˵ҲѸٵǰţȻʱûаٱ٣ôǻжʱ䣬ҪҸطȰȻ취ôȥ߲ʽڡ
Ȼû뵽ǣȥ֮ƽԭ֮ҲͻȻ˸һ߲âȻתȥȻ֮еǾҲǲˡ
УһŽɫ΢΢˸һ£һΪ΢ĽɫâѸٵؽ£һӰվܵԱߣƽԭ棬þóĬ


2224 ޵
뿪ƽԭ֮Ҳ˾ٲάĵزΪĹ֮أȫ˽Ҳǲ֪ȥ˵ֱӵնɱ߲ʽˡ
˵ڵ״̬ȥĻһ߲ʽڷ֣ĺпܾˡ
΢΢һҲ뵽һ취ǰеʱ򣬷һֻ䵥ޣ±ֱӵسֽԷɱʹѻֶΣֱӵذѶԷļҲǸȡ˹
Ƭ̺󣬷ͷ޵ļ֮ٶ˫Ҳ¶һƬ𾪵ɫĹ֮عȻǲ򵥣
ͷ޵ļ֮У˽õĹ֮أ֮޴ڣЩͬҲӵвѷɫǻۣҴ󲿷޶ʥ׵ΪҶܹΡ
ͬʱҲ˽õԼղƽԭĹ֮صڶУһԵؽأƽԭӵпµһ㶼һЩԪѾ˵ޣŻѡ
Ҳ֪֮еǾŵյôһˣǵȷ߲ʽڣ߲ʽһǿߣ
޵ļ֮Ҳû̫߲ʽڵ飬ϾԼնɱһͷޣʥҵʵĹ֮أеȵĴڣû֪̫ࡣ
ǣ΢΢ͶԶӸղһͷ޵ļ֪֮Ĺ֮棬ͬҲ֣⸽һǣ֮һצħµһͳС
ν߲ʽͳ֮µλȽǿޣͳһڵ򣬺Ȼ֮һצħ֮еء
ϸһҲǴȽȥνǿһ£Ĺ֮㹻˽⣬Űȥɱ߲ʽڣ
󣬷ҲĿռָ֮УͳһۣԼȫں֮£ԼϢνľҲ޷Լ
Ͼ󲿷ֵ޶ʥ׵Ĵڣһֻս״̬֮£Ż¶˱壬Ļ󲿷ֶѡΣ࣬һ㵹Ժ޹˼ɵسǡ
ȫں֮УһɫѸٵǰţĸ·֮Ҳνǣò˵Ĺ֮أΪǺγɣǱеޣҲǷı仯
ǰһΰĳУֱߵĳûʲô𣬿̲סǸ̾һЩһ½¶Ժ˵ҲΪͷ۰ɡ
ΪĹ֮صĴ󲿷޶ʥϣѡ˻ΣڷƵϸ۲֮£Ȼȥ࣬ǻһЩ࣬ǰֵһŮļΪ𱬣Ժ¶˫ȴڲݡ
ЦҡҡͷҲǽĺһ£˱ֱӵ߽ǣΪȫޣȻǼΪ׺ݺö֮ƺûʲôԣ洦ܹǿսķѪս֮ʧܶûֹ
ԱߵֻǹۿֽкãһĻҲҡͷ޹ȻޣѪԶԣҲᣬΪȡһͷ޵ļ䣬޵ȻҲ֪ԽӦò⡣
֪֮ڣһΪصĵطΪͨĵطط֮µһ鱨ĵطֻҪܹ㹻ĴۣǾܹҪһС
Ҫȷе˽Ĺ֮ص飬ѡȥͨȻԼͺһͷӬһ㣬ҵҳ塣
֮УѰƬ̣͸ʥ޵ļ䣬ѰҵͨĴڣͬ¥һؽƲɵסˡ
ͨſߣŻ֦չŮЦͣϵ֣ƼǲţֵطǴ˵֮еͨ
ڷƳŽȥǲȥʱһλһŮŤˮЦ˹ֱӵһס˷ƵֱۣЦλˣһô
ȻԷõ޵ͨԣڷƶԣʲô£ƳһŮҲ΢΢һŮĹǣת֮䣬ʩչ񲻶ߣѾҵˡ
ߣ
ʱ򣬷һں֮µ嶸ȻͷųЩǿƣ
ѰҺʥߣ
ƿԵѹԼɤͷʥߣ֮еͨˣû֪ʵòŮ֪Ψһ֪ľǣһλԺʥ֣߳ȴûгɹ


2225 
һŮڸܵ˷ǿϢʱҲв죬ǰ˿ɲһǿߣϢԲһʥޣ
λ˼ˣߡһŮҲ֪˾Բһǿߣܹӵ㾪˵ѹֻںʥϼʶϵƱȺʥߵƸΪ¡
Ļ𱬵ĺһŮ£ֱӵ߽֮ͨУȥ֮ľȻһЩű¶ĸŮӣһЩǿ߳û
ͨôȥ̻֮أֹһͨȷҲΪֵĴڣǲ֪Ƿż֮ԣޣҪް취
ǰĺһŮһֱڹ۲ŷƵɫ仯ʱҲע⵽˷ƵĳɫҲЦǵһͨ󣿡
ƳĬ˵ͷϾԼݲ壬˵̫࣬»𲻱Ҫ鷳ŵĻʱ˵Լ½ģĹ֮ص嶼Լظ˺顣
ˣغ棬ֻͨһЩѣͨ󣬺ܹܿˡһŮЦϣƺҪԷʩչ
Ȼ󣬶ûã˻ƵԺ֮дһһŮȻ浽ʹȻǲ֪
һ仰ԶЩºһŮɫǱüΪ԰ףߵĲЩû뵽Լ԰ȻȻԷû˿ôοֱӱˡ
ˡºһŮֱӵع£Ƶԭ¡
ɡȻǲԸЩСƽϣҲ˻Ƶصͨôû
һŮƲ׷Ҳһۺ֮ɫʵеĹ֮أһŮӶѡǿߵߣо˷ƵǿҪȻԷû뵽ȴʧܡ
ˣͨ󣬾ǰ棬˽Ӵ㣬ֻ·һŮϸ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳҡͷνͨص㣬Ȼʱ򣬺һŮȴͻȻͣ΢΢̧ͷǰȻһ
ڴߣϢĻػţʱʱ滹Źâ˸Ӱ
ˣֻǰ͵봫վ֮󣬻רŽӴġһŮͷ
Ƶ˵ͷ£ҲǾֱ˴ԱߣȴǱסˡ
ͣ£ǺҲѺһſΣվڴԱͬһСɽη
ͣ£ƳһҲҡҡͷȥӦޣȻҲʥ۷ǿߣֻΪͻȻǶͨʼȤˡ
ȻƵĳĬȴŭԼ˴վãû˭ȻҵĻǿǰԼĻ֮󣬾Ȼͷǲ̧һ¡
ǰһ͵ظɱ
廤ǱڷƵĶߣ仯һЩ׼ȥǸճ嶼ǲ첻ѣǰһĻѵͨ£
㻹ûʸңȻǲ˵±һһڡ
Ȼͨ£ҿǻˣһۣҲǶŭȻֱӵصȫֱӵضԷƳ֡
Ϊʥ۷Ĵڣ֣νƺƴԹ۵˶Ϊ֮죬·ֱǶԷƵо棬ط˵¾ǾĴڳ֣Ҳš
Ȼ˵Ŀ¹ƣȴ۶ûֻ̧˵һ֣
֮һεԷƵ֮֮ռ䲻ϵزŤλʥ۷Ӧô¡
˶صɶȥصڵϣֱӵһѪ𾪵ؿŷơ
Ȼƾƾͻʥ۷ǿߣ
˵ǣʱЩԱߵҲǳͣز˼ɫ˵˭
ˣ֪ͨˣҪˣ廤ҲǾֵشУƵĿ³ͻȻֵǿߵ˭
ƽüͷ¶õɫҲ̫ôˣղԼ֣ôǵ򵥣ȻʱһƮȴͻȻ˶Ϊ֮һ㶡


2226 ʥ
Էڰ꣬йͶȻʧ´Σֱɱ
Ʈֱӵõڳ˰ǷƶΪ֮һ㶣ҲǾŵɫֱӱò԰ֽڵϣϵؿͷ
лʥ
ҲǹһĨѰζЦݣһƮνĺʥȻڳҲ˶Դ
λѣֱӽɣ¹ܽ޷ˡ
ȻԷô˵ˣȻҲǼƽϣ˵Ҳÿأʥ߶ǱˣԼټȥĻδе㲻ס
Ǿηע֮£治ɫԼ˴֮УνͨԽԽȤˡһλʥߣǺηʥ
һĹâ˸ƱǾǰľɫһ䣬һΪĴܿһˣƲɵ¶˹ŹֵɫʥҪʲô
λúܣǵһͨô
Ȼڷƾɵʱһ΢紵ڴǰȴǶһӰĴڣһӰȫں֮£էۿȥԼװֻ࣬ǶԷ߶ѡ
չض꣬ż߶ѡҲǲǰλǿ߲򵥣ΪԼݱ¶Ҳǳһֱӵص
չأĹ֮أȻǿ߻չأʥߺ˺ܺЦЦһ㣬ڷƵע֮£ȻֱӵЦ
ʥߵЦ÷ƽüͷ룬Լ˵ÿһ仰ûʲôʥƺǶԼݺǻɰ
Ϊλ޲࣬ǻҪǿҵҪ֪Ĺ֮ʲôʱֶôһλǿߡʥ߻̧ͷ֮µ˫ȴ͸¶һֿЦ֮ɫ
£Ǻ⣿Ҳͨѣͨ󲢲ӭңҲøˡһȻ֪Լ¶ǰʥ߾ǿԼݣ˵֪Լ֮ˣ
Ȼˣֺαżءʥ֮ȻһЦ⣬ŷƣʼΧҵĽƣȥþҵͷء
ԣɫ˲üΪ࣬ɨһܣɫϾߵҪߣ㻹סң
㵹ԣʥ΢΢һЦ˫ֻǰ¶һϷ顣
΢˫˵֮Ҳֱӵرһâμ˸ͬһڴ֮һţֱӵ˿ռ֮С
ף췣
ʥڿʩչ֮һ㶣Ǿɵؾ˫֮еֵʧ֮бһȡ
⣬췣֮ģôܹӵ췣֮ʥҲǵŭȻӵ췣֮
ʥߵҲֱӵʧ˿УҪȥֹƽΧĽƣ췣֮ɲ˵ģǺʥҲǲ֪ƾȻӵ췣֮ȼµ
ʱ˿ռ֮УʶȷΧܵǿĽƣǿΪ֮ĿĵزЩƿҪƽ⣬еѶȡ
ûж룬֪Ǹʥ֪ʲôôȥһ壬ǾޣôԼ͵Ѱ·ˡ
ܲϵ۳췣֮Ƭ̺һǳݺݵض޵ĿռײȥʱΧĿռǲϵز
ңʼĹâֶЩâһķģתĳǿǽƵıԴֻҪƵţνĽҲס
ʱ򣬺ʥߵ֮дһЦõصְͣɣƵơ
΢΢һ㶣ɲ֣ͣںʥߵĴֻţǲϵȥײЩ˸΢âķġ
ͣϽ֣ͣЩӵͨģһ𣬾ͻᲨͨºú˵ˡʥ߿ЦشȻ˷ƿص췣֮
㵽˭ƽüͷܶûкʥߵӰԼ˵Էܹõ
˭ұ㣬ңҶûж⡣ʥæصȻıƵľٶŵˡ
ƾʲô㣿һĨֵЦݣԼɵôһȥĻΧԼȦף


2227 
ңҾǶûжģʥ߽ˣƿǵڶû¶Ҫֵͣļȥ˶ãЩƾͻǿµ췣֮ͨ󶼻ܵʧʹˡ
ٺ٣ڿңһô죿Լֱӵس忪ƣ뿪ҡҡͷȻʥߣʱҲһҧ飬ҲһЦ⡣
ҪвԼûиԵĺǾԼ̫۸
㡭ʥһᣬûмֱͬǴϣҪ֪ƵϢ˿ȻܹЦá
ôҲһǿߣ˵Ȼʧôʥҧгݵص֪ƿصǵ췣֮ԼԲ
Σ˵ɣ˭ƹһЦ˿ԼΪǷʧǿ߷緶ĿУʥȻѾǲ²⵽ʲôԼҪĻ˵նɱ߲ʽڣһԼݱ¶ȥ粽С
ʥ߼ֱץˣΪ˿ռ֮УԼ޷ֱԷԼ֪ķΧ֮УҲûκΰ취Ѱҵơ
ǲֹٶĻٹƬͨûڷƵˡ
ԺģûмӺ֮ģ֮£ʥߵһ÷ƶΪ֮𾪵Ļ
𣿣һʥߵ˭ô֪𣿶Ĺ֮أһЩΪǿޣ֪ĴڣҲԲȥġ
ֱӸݣ뵽Ҳһʥ߾Ȼǳ˺ϣڿԷݱø롣
ʥΣȴûκΰ취ܲŷƼƻͨĽƣʧͼˣƬ̣Ҳĵص֪½ģǰڴ򿪵ʱǹϢİɡ
סˣаȻˣԼݵȷѾ¶ˣû뵽ᱩ¶˳ףԼѾϢǾǰҲ޷̽ӡ
ɣ⺦㣬ƴŻͨҲҪնɱϻʥʼɺòײε˴½ôǼӺԷء
ϸ룬ʥⷬ˵Ҳʵڣһ룬ҲûбҪټȥ췣ֻ֮ƿռ䣬ٶȻص˴֮С
ʥ߿Ƶĳ֣Ҳһ֮µ˫ҲǸֳһĨŭ֮⣬Լ˶꣬ȴû˸ϷˣԼȻȴǵһϷŪ
˵ɣҲ֪ҵݣҲûбҪˡʼ򣬶ںʥǽҪ˵û΢΢һĨЦݡ
ȨԼУʥҪʲô»˼С
½ģ
Ƶʵòʥ߼֪ҲǱݺݵһĹ֮ض֪Ѿжû˴ˣȻÿͻῪһΣǽˣǳǵ޾ŭûһܹ
ٰЦЦҲ¶֮ɫߴһºʥߣͻȻص㡭Īǲģ
ʥ߳ĬҲЦŷƵһĪЦ⣺ô²⵽Ҳģ
һܹͨڣȻȴƿأѾһԵسͻˡ
ڶûжҳ֣֪½ģȻҲ֪ʲôжϳ½ˡ
㣬֮еǿߣȻӵвѷɫǻۣȴûȵƣƭˡ
еصʵҲǺ뵽ģ˵Լһ룬оҲȷôһ£ʥ߿ȥͲ塣
ʥߵ˫֮͸¶һŨŨ֮ɫܣĹ֮أ֪ݵ˲࣬ȴλ֮⣬Ҳûж֪ǰķȴǿһԼѾܹ²ò˵̫ˡ
Ҷ֪˵ʲôˡʥ߳Ĭһ֮ͻȻЦֻǻȴ𽥵ظı䣬ҲǿʼժȡԼߡ
Ȼúʥ߽ժȡµʱֵˡ
㡭㡭ǡŮģ


2228 ֪
ѹֻ÷𾪣ǰʥ߾ȻһŮģҿȥò߱ժȡ£ԷòҲʾ
һͷɫ㷢ȴǶ̷֮ȴǲһЩ⣬ȥΪӢˣȻҲŷһ㣬壬ͬ塣
ܾȣʥЦ֪Ϊ飬ͻȻҲǿࡣ
һ֪˵ʲôˣΪԺ֮һλļʥĹ֮ʮǿڣ֮ͨʣʥ߾һֱǴڣȴ֪ԷһŮˣ
ôܡһĨЦֱ޷ţĹ֮شȥõĺʥ߾ȻһŮӣ»Ĺ֮ضǵ߸ɡ
ûʲôܡʥߵȻһЦҲµػָǵɫŷƵңԺǵ۵ˣ
ԣʱеŹֵؿһۣҲ˼ţôش⣬ʥŵ۵йϵôԼҪǸ۱Լô
ȸңô֪壿գգۣûֱӻش⣬ϾȨ
ܹ֮ƾһ˵ϢȥӦҵĸоЩ岻һ㣬ǰ죬Ҳǿұǲ²½ġʥʼ
֮ƶʲôϵƶʱǽüͷ½֮Ψƶһ˶ѣĪʥ߻ƶʲôϵ
ƶĸ֣ʥȻһ㶣Ȼ¶һеɫ֪ʦ𣿣
ƶʦ𣿡ҲӿֳһĨ˼ɫԼǴûƶ˵һôŮͽܣҲǲɵû
ǵģƶҵʦ޵֮иңһҷģġʥƶϢ֮Ȼ˱üΪˡ
ңƶΪһʲôƳƬ̣ô˵ԺʥߵĻﻹǴһ㻳ɣôɺϣԼȫûƶ˵
ʥɫ࣬ŷƵҲ˵ԽԽˣʦ֪½ӦŲĵλͽܣ
ͽܣԣҲǹЦεҡҡͷˣۣشҵ⡣
㡭ʥ߱üֱ˵ҧ촽ٻƬ̣ǵʦⱲΪ֮Ƴһҩֲ꣡
ʥش𣬷ƳĬȷشûƶ˵ⱲΪԺľǣƳ˾ת굤ҩһ궼ֲҩ졣
ת굤صһȻʥѾǴˣôʱ˵ľҲûбҪ̫࣬Ͼȥпľƶͽܡ
ת굤֪һأֵ˺ʥ𾪣Ҫ֪ת굤ĴڼΪأǵʱҲǲ֪ȴܹ˵ȻԼʦƶĹϵǳԨԴ
Ȼ֪Ȼ˵ˣҾҵƶͽܣԳƺΪơ
̹ȻһЦԷƶͽܣôԼûνͻȻҲǳΪ֮ġ
գ½ʲôʱǿĴڣʥֹһҲ̧ͷЦԳƺΪ꣬ȻѾܾúܾûùˡ
ꣿ̧֡ͷ´ֵͦġ
ôǷҲֵʼˣֱӵؿŷƣ촽΢΢Ц㶼Ӷô⣬Ҳʱֵ˽һˡ
û˵ʼʾԼ
λͽܣʦҲûпֱӵ⣬һǳ٣һڴŷݶá
ȣҲλͽܣʶҲʶƶҲʶҡҡͷЦѾû˵۵ĴڣνҲڣΨһǾԺ
ԣʱǽüͷⳬϣ½ȻǷȱ仯ûˣͬҲǲڣ仰ʲô˼
ʦƶֻܻش㣬Ŀǰ״ǿԡ


2229 Ĺ֮ص
Ŀǰüͷһֱûɿ˷仰˼ԣԺǲǾͻᷢʲôĪԼʦʱ˲
ô£Ͻ˵סƶ飬Ҳ޷侲¸ֱӵ׷ʡ
侲㣬˵ӺԣΪεصҲǽԼ֪һһʮ˵˳
Ҫ˵Ƚ϶࣬Ҳ˷ƽ˴죬û½ʮ꣬Ƿʲô飬ǹƶߵġ
þùǳ̾һ˵ʦ֣ȴû뵽䵽˵زûв²⵽ķƵݣȻǺµԤ֮еˡ
˵ʦеþȣһâӷƵĿ֪ƶ𣬲ʱӦǶߵҲΪˡ
һνĹ֮أܴԭΪ˾ʦԼһˡʼȻ֪ת굤Ҳ֪ƾת굤Ҫֲʲô
ת굤üһǷʧɫص߲ʽڣ
Ƶ˵ͷΪ߲ʽڣôǽطڿҪ߲ʽڣ֮еĻҪѣ
Ǿ顣̾һԹؿŷƵԷĹ֮أǺû˿նɱЩͬһ߲ʽڡ
ɫ˱䣬ɵؿʵЩ߲ʽô
ЦŷƵǸĹ֮أ˽ȥ飬Ǿͷ߲ʽڿ˵Ĺ֮صףǺеĽƶܹǾͷ߲ʽɱ
ƿɫǿЦҲĥ߲ʽǿô
˵˵Ĺ֮صɣ㵱ôطġüͷչܲܶԸ߲ʽڣΨнط˽øһܹ֪
Ҳ벽ۣǷƾŰȥԸǣҶѾǽĹ֮أǿֶء
Ϊ֮ʣҸպɽ֮ɱޣҲǲ֪飬ֱӵؽɽγĹأΪ˵رޣ½Ļպ½İΣӰ죬ҲΪŻ
ҽʱ򣬺һƲлǷңҲ޲ֻǸһɱҰȫЦĵһĹ֮Ѿǽӽʮ꣬ҲͻƵ˰벽۵ľ磬Ҳֻڴ˵ء
ҲǾͷ߲ʽûжԸֵԭ򣿺¸һǰһص˵һµ˵Լܹƾȥնɱ߲ʽڡ
֪ʲô붼룬һΪ£ΨΣյʱ̲ŻԶֻסһʹ˵ǶҳֵˣĹ֮ضһᣡ껺쿪ƣһķţһţҲ÷ȫëͬǿ˼ΪµĶ
Ȼ˿µеŵصǺǰţǺȥѾǶ꣬һµ۷ʱڵֻǶôǿ
軳ɣҲΪǾͷ߲ʽԼ޲ûжҶ֣ȻΪƾһ벽ۼˣܹط˱С
ԭˡƵ˵ͷҪ뿪ѵҲûа취ô
ŷǳϣɫ껺ҡҡͷһԶûл뿪Ĺ֮ء
Ƶɫ±ò֮ʣҪ鶼źãΪܹĻȻǿԳȥȻȴǸûа취ܹ뿪Ĺ֮أ
֮ԻĹ֮صڣΪÿһĽƾͻҪȡԶ䣬Ҳֻһʱ򣬽ƻɶһ˿ѺۣһЩ޿Գ뿪Ǹطžͷ߲ʽأҪȥǳ˵λ
ŷƣ֪Ϊʲô߲ʽڻĹ֮رΪһĴô˵ʵĻǣҲǰ벽۶ѣԶ֮󣬾ͿʼطĽƣȥˣҲɾֻͣҪĹ֮أǽ޵УΪǿʹýƵ˲ԡ


2230 ϣ
ǾȻǿƣƵɴ۾꣬ҲǱݺݵһЩɲܹյģ߲ʽھȻ˵ؿ£ѹڴ˵رΪһĴڡ
߲ʽڵıͨɣǿ𽥵ɵЩƣȻΪԼյġʼ򣬵ǰڣû꣬ѡһЩ޳ȥͬԼƺҲû뿪ҾͲˡ
ƳĬüͷĿǰ˵նɱ߲ʽˣ뿪طƺûа취
ѵû취ôù󣬲̧ͷ
겻ĴƣʵǺγ뿪طΪ߲ʽڵĴڣ޷뿪߲ʽûа취ɱҲֻǷĹ֮ء
ĵصûУһ취
ʲô취ӿϣ鲻ѣϣûУǾˡ
߽ɽıѧ͸ˣȻܹطʱһ֮ôΪεص
ɽƲɽʲôط
ʱǲһƬƽԭ֣ＫΪ졣̧ͷص߲ʽǶǲ֪Ӵ
ǸطɽѵǺ˴Ǹطʧеص²⵽Ǹط򵥣û뵽Ȼͷ
ûǸƽԭһɽΪɽ˴棬ҲǸ߹ңΨвµľѧܹ뿪˵ء
Ȼ㻹Ҫң߲ʽڻһطôƿЦŵѾǽ뵽ҪĻΪΣڵҼǵҳֵʱЩ޲ϵؽǸطô£
Ŷ˵Ǹǰһ߲ʽע⣬ȻܹɲֽƣҲޣǶûа취Ӵƺģǽע֮ϣÿǼޣᱻͽȥǸطΪ£Ƕôǿǿߣ벻ͻữһѰ׹ǡ
ɫ䣬ȻǼΪΪʱ䷨ڣܣҲǵ˵ͷҳֵʱڱԵҲûб߲ʽڷ֣ͳŻ뿪
ֻ˵ˣǰҲǹעǰÿ꣬һЩ֪߽ǵ³ˣ棬ǱЩ޸˺ˡʼ
ͻȻ֮䣬һβֹһ˽һˣС
뵽¶֮ɫܰһæôѰһ˵䣬һĹ֮ء
㣬ˣΪؿŷƵȻǲ⣬ΪЩ˶һһҲûص㻹˰ɣãҲôõûǸɽ¾Ǳ޷֣ͱ˺ˡ
ӦòᡣɫصصΪ⣬һʱ֮ҲǺ˵ȥҴ̽һ£ϢҲҪѰҵõ
ݣЦطɲ½һЩ巢֣
Ǻ壬˵˭пܵõµĴУôҲûˣɫΪصصֲʲôܣǺܵС䡣
壡ʱʧɫҲһ뵽࣬ҧ˼һ£ǵңȥš
´ߣٶȻָǸνĺʥݣȴǸоĽʱҲȷǱţΪ뵽˵Ĳ٣ôл뿪
ձڴ˵أⶼʮˣ뿪˵صͷǷƵĵҲûû뿪ԷȻǺʱǳŲ֪õͷٶҸȼ
˵û˵˭пܵõµĴУô˺壬Ҳûˣ
һҪҵһˣ뿪طϣ
ȥıӰҲһҲǿʼ˼Ҫβܹ뿪ط뵽뿪ռҪĲϣƱػ߲ʽڸϡ
ôĿǰҪԵľǣȥ߲ʽڣ


2231 
죬ٶȷأȴûдغϢ궯ͨһеûдСϢͬûнĹ֮һ㡣
ȷǽĹ֮ôŶķʵ̫ؼˣܹѰҵСôɽԱǵõĴУӶ˵أ
ʮĽ˵СĳΨһϣ
ȷǽĹ֮أһ軳ɡʼȻڶǲףСϵǷ˹ʲô飬ҲΨҵѯʹ֪
Ŀǰ˵ûκιϢǵ֮µҲûκνչüͷ
ˣ˵һĹ֮صľưɡЦһЦҲܼĿǰ˵Сǰȫģûб֣ǱˣĴڶ֣Ǹûܹ˺
򵥵˵Ĺ֮ǿľ߲ʽڣȻʥޣͨĴھһ⣬ǵĹơΪɵص
˭ʲôʵƽüͷԼҪնɱ߲ʽڣҲҪϡ
צħޣڵ򣬾ƹܵĵط
ͬȴƹ˱
ڻ룬𼶱ޣƹϷ򡣡
Ϊεصͷ޴ѾãǺʱǾѾǾԵǿߣĹ֮أҲͻƣȴûгɹ
һ𣡡
Ƿƣ֪λʵҲһǷ磬ҲһɲСӵܺǣλǿֵĻ߲ʽڳɳ
Ǻڻ𼶱ǿߵĻǿ߲ʽ֮£Ǽʶ߲ʽڣȻǿ󣬵ԶԶû𼶱𡣡ɻص
Ҳ˵߲ʽƿ˲ֽƣȷʵֵĻǵȷ㲻ϣǵȴ֮˲ֽƣܹ˷ӳλֵʱѾΪʱû˿ԵֵĽǲУᶨصΪǿõ½һֵĽһӳ޷󣡡
ô˵˵λ߲ʽڲͣǰһƺԼ׽סһ㣬ʱһ߲ʽڿսʱӦÿֹϵ
֪˵ʲô˳˼ȷͬ˵ǰ㣬Ĺ֮أҲǶ߲ʽڵͳβûа취˽Ƶ߲ʽڣܹĴڣȻҲֻǵͷ
Ƭ̧̣ͷӦܹϵڻ룬߲ʽýƵѹһֱ¹ڻ
֮ǷҲڲͣƼ׷ʵ
צħһͱܹ˵ǣֱ˷һۣΪŭƺλΪ
ӣƺǶǺгɼӺԵ
һֱҵע⣬ֹһҳ֣ûһγɹΪŭصߣҪǺһΪƾһŮܹطʮꣿ
ȻҲϸҪβܹúڻԼһλԼ֣ôҲŸİա
ȻʱɫͻȻ΢䣬Ʋ̧ͷʵô£
צħˡΪεصΪľһһֱͼȴĵĲӬһ㣬˦˦
ǺǣҲͦһĨŹֵЦݣ֮жǴһ˿Ц⡣
ٸЦһֻĶΪŭصǸצħȴͦģԷʵҲԼûκΰ취
ȥʲôɣҲʶһ£νľܹǿᵽȥһĨصĻȣ¶ԷҲֻܷӳ벽۵һ㵽ﶼı䡣
ֻҪԷѹڰ벽۵ľ磬ôԼ͸޾壬𵱳ܹӲѡ
㡣ɵؿ˷һۣȻûп͸ƵΪֻƾֱΪƺǿ󣬵ǲ֪ǿʲôزԷܹƿ췣֮Ҳ֪ûаա


2232 צħ
ұǡʼһЦ
ɱȻ߲ʽڵľ裬ʱһ׷ôǿҲûа취Ը߲ʽڡɫ΢΢رأȻԸһצħôҲʮ⣬Ͼצħÿɹˡ
İɣһִ֪ģϣĹ֮صνҪʧааһЦҪ͵£ǼȻצħҲǶνľȤԾǳһΡ
˵ͷбһۣȷϢᱻԷôҪ֪Ĺ֪֮½ûһ޲Ҫ˺飬֪ҵҲûͲһˡ
Ƶ˵ͷʾȥҲٶȽȫں֮УϢ˵ʵΪزģ𼶱ǿ߶ûа취ϳαװ֪Ĳͬϲ
꿴һ£΢΢ͳһߣƵɣߣԸһϢ̽צħһͫԿһȫ
ͫ΢΢һ㶣ҲǸое⣬ͫҲ˺ڣ򷨹һκܹͨ׷ݵԴһԭôκȻҲһͨ򷨽ͨ
צħ츳ͬʱԶԸ꣬ΪѲʼΪΣȻצħıҲǱȽ˽⣬ǽֵĴˡ
ꣿһЦǱĿɵ֣ڵǿǿԼϲľ磬ҲΪǿе𾪣һѣǿܹǿȥ
˵ͷ˫ֻƿռ䣬ƸֱһȻĴͨԼĪʥǿ߾ۼޡ
ͨĴʲô壿΢΢һ㶣Ҳ֪ͨΪһ鱨ռһĴڣȴû뵽Ĺ֮棬ô޾ۼڴ˵ء
ͨѰҵҪһж֪һҪ֪飬ֻҪԵĴۣϾ˵ĵطн仰˵Ҳǳġ΢΢һЦȻͨҲΪطṩ㹻ıǮ
Ȼ㣬䷢չҲԸ˵߲ʽնɱ꣬ҲҪס꣬ô
ǸôЦѣʱƲϣһһ괥ˣôĽĹ֮ضһ㼴߲ʽڶ޷ܣǶΪҲֻĬ
ټĿԵñȽ˿ĳ֣ȻҲǰ࣬Ų˸ƺʥߣڷƵĳڳÿһ޶Ϊ죬ʥʲôʱֶһǿߣ
в˿ʼԷƸȤ׷ʶΪߵĴڣзǿµַеǿʶ̽Ӷ޷÷ƵĿʱǶΪ֮ɫ
ԷΪȤľǴ֮УһĹͷӣİźɫķı鲼ȥͬһɫһ㣬ΪصľǣͷӾȻ˫ͫ
˫ͫͬ˸޾âڳ˶ֱ˫ۣΪһƬףצħ֮һ
ӴʥߴˣôһࣿͷааһЦһ֮ϣųѰζĹâ
ʵܶ˺ΪʲôצħƺԺʥ߸еǳȤӣǺʥߴɫצħצħȴΪȻƣڴˡ
צħɲܹĵطԵѹԼɤӣٶȱǰǰĮԱȴ͵Цװ
ٺ١ͷЦ˼£˫۵ĹâȴǱøȣ˲֪ȴʮֵǰνʥߣһشˡ
ɲӭ㣬ȥɡסνľûкøС
Ҹղ˵ͨһλǿߣ㶼ǱˣԲǸһǿʲôӵġצħһЦȴƹ꣬ķϡ
ܿ죬ɫȴǱùŹΪԼȻҲûа취ӵƵϢ


2233 ̽
¶ʲôˣкɣӵʱ䣬ҹȥȻݹҲצħĻ֮ɫҲһȻղŷͨϢѾǴ˳ȥ
һ㣬ҲΪΣΪͨԣܹͨռͬ鱨ȻȻҲܹͨ󰲲ǵ
ǰʱ˵Ĺ֮ڿʱĲƺ˴Ĺ֮أ߲ʽڴѾҪ飬ⲻǹ¹ͷЦѣΪ졣
ԣƺжһջ߲ʽڷʲôҲû뵽ԼѾǾϢǻµһۼ
⻰ʲô˼ȻرúܲƣֱŹͷӵצħѰµô
˵ĻֱӣΧҲǼֲ֣ں֮ǰצħźʥߵĹϵͲôãҸСϢλжֵľצħ
´֮ڵҲǰŹŹֵɫצħˣƺȴźϷ
Īǻµݣ
ʱ򣬷ȴȵؿһҲǿԵѹֱͣצħЦֻӶδѣյһС䣬Ȼõצħûʲôӡ󡣡
ͷӶ˷Ƶȴһ˫ͫȴǶȻͷųĹâһεõΧ߶ȴ˺ü
ţ΢΢һоǰ΢ãԺ֮дһʹУҲǻعצħǶԼ̽
Ǹ·磬ҲǲöȫһжȻرǿҵĹâһɰϱõڳ߶ļ²ѡ
ǿ󣡡
⵽ĸģȻǿ󣬽ǱȵϾ˰
һʱ֮䣬ȻʲôʱĹ֮ǳôһµǿߣܹĳǿߣ̫ˡ
ǺʥߣҲڴ֮Уӵܹڲʼû˼һΣȴʵʵڵǰʩչǿ
סͷӸܵƵķȻҲһ㶣ƷƣȻԤϣɫҲǱɲǿȥ򵥰
ĸģצħüͷƵͻȻ֣гһĨɻܹӵʵˣôһֱĬĬţԼû˵
ˣʵ̫˰ЦͷӵõĲֵͫȷôԼǰȴе㲻ĸо
Ȼ˵ʥߣǹ̳ܽôצħɵػԼĹƣҲǲȻŭ
ħ˵ͨ󲻻ӭ㣡ƺû˵Ļһ㣬һ¶һԹ۵̬ԷҲûжģǿʱƾȻֱӵطҲһ
ͬʱݺݵصһצħиǾýһһֱƾԼΪôһ㣬Լ־Ҫѵܾˡ
ƣĵҵšֱӵشƣҪ˼ֻ̫࣬Ҫ¶ݣôͲʲô鷳
ңǱ¶ݣΣԼϵĻڣ˵һ߲ʽҪ֣Ҳ˼С
ԣٺһЦצħҲǱùȻ귢ˣôҲ΢һʵȥ˽һ¶Է
ħ˫еЦҲǷһֺ⣬ʱ˶ǲһΣյĸоʶغȻԼطľȻ·ôһС䣿պǴȥˣԼţ
ʥߣȻ²£Ҳʹܽһ£צħЦҪѷƺúýѵһ£ȻҿԷߣһ⵽Ǻηʥ
צħĿԣЦŪ˭ѵ˭أ
צħӵ𽥵رأ˵ɣҲ֪ǰķƿɲǰ׶ԸԼղʩչʵȻûκЧҪ֪һʥ۷ߣסȻȴǿסˣޱɵط
ȻҪֽ̣Ҳ㡣΢΢һЦצħ֮ев֮ȫںƲϵرǡ


2234 
ͨޣʱһͬ˹ŷƣ˵ðģȻצħǸƣǻòͷô
˵Ҳ˴ͷצħ˫ϵ˸ĹâڽиֺȷղŷƵķŵˣѾ˾λʮ꣬ȴδƹ
ȴô
Ȼܣһȴպ㣿
ˣ롣ƵЦ˫֮һĨϷʣצħȷǿ󣬵ΪĽΪջֻѹڰ벽֮£ͬĴڷƿûеӹ
𣡡
צħŭһͨ𵴲ϣеɫþ֣ǿڽ֣᲻Ὣ˵ظˣ
Ƭ̣Ҳƣϵ֮лЩµĿռ켣֣ͨĿռҲٶȶȻǶͨĽơ
Ȼظƣ֮͸¶һֻɫ
Ʋźۼص˵ͷһѾõƶʱǱǲߴӰڳУȴǸһ޷ֱӵĸоͬһѾ񽣰
צħ˫֮ĹâƬ֮˵ǶȻر֣øӿ࣬ͬһһ㣬𺳸У
ҪĹͷ֪ʲô
צħЦս֮Уǵƴʱ̣ŻǶñ壬Ȼʱ򶼻ԼαøӾ޴Ӳٷӵ
ЦΪ˱ⲻ¶ԼݣȻܶ췣֮ʱ䷨ûƿȻҲܹãôʣµΨսһ
߾
һ֮ϲϵųɫâһͬǲ֮еգõڶ޶ֱֻܱۣӷơ
Ƭ֮󣬽ɫâϵת֮󣬷Ƶбһ㳤ȫսһ۳ĳȻȲʲôҲǲСӡ
ħڤ𣡡
צħŭһǱøӿߴǳһֺɫĻ棬ϵţ˶ͬһ㣬ЩɫΪأͬצħԱߵĿռ䶼ǲϵرŤ
ǣȴûиܵʲô¶ȣҲǽЩɫ滹Ϊ¡
ħڤ𣿾ôһжʹóˣ
ºֵľôڤһʬ޴棬仰ɲ鴫ġ
צħǲڵĻ棬ЩΧ۵Ҳǲϵز췢־ȻǶֻ漫ΪϤ˵ǼΪ־塣
ƣСģֱֻӵط꣬ǧ׵մȾϡ
ȻڷƾɵʱĴȻشȻצħֶΣȻʮֵһеȷҲΪѲǶó֮˵ڤνѹ
Ƶ˵ͷѹԼһ˿ĸоԭǶܹɴ˵Ļ棬һ̴ƷӦצħѾȳˣ
ּս˵κһȳ֣Ϊһ¶Է׽סôɻǱúܱҲ˷Ʋһֱûж֡
ԹԵڱڤ֮³
֮ͨжǲϵػصצħֿЦ֮У޾غɫڤ𣬳ΧĿռ䣬γһΧ֮ƣֱӵؽС
΢΢̧ͷ֮ĽһƬɫĻ棬ҲЦеϵػ𣬵һһɻƿռĿ
ǼΪµĺɫڤܵɷĹ֮ʱǲϵøӵڴͬʱƵӰҲǿʼ˲ϵܵĿռ䡣
ڶźɫڤ𹥻ͬʱҪѰһᣬһشצħ
צħԼ˵Ȼһڤܿ£ټĴҲǲҵģĿԶ֮£κڤ޷ԡ
ƵĶޱȵƮݣһ΢磬ϵڿƮܶǿڤͻ˷ƣһ̷Ƶȴһֲ˼ٶȶȥһúܶ˶ľ
һ氮֮֡µӶʱҲ¶һЦ⣬˿ȴǼΪ֪ǷƿΪ
ÿζôһ㣬ڤܹÿζʱܶצħǱòðɡ


2235 ɱ
б¾ͲҪܣצħֱҪˣɲֹһΣǺܶΣÿڤǲ㽫ƹȴһ˲䱻ܶ
ѵһҪͣԭأӲس㹥ǲǽˮˣ΢һͣ٣֮¶һĨЦצħѿɫ̵
ԣ֮ͨеĲ߶ǰ͵Ц̲סеЦ⣬ֱӵЦצħɲ¡
ҾͿܹܵʲôʱ򣡡צħ΢˫˱øӵӡ䶯췢һ
֮ϣӿ˸ĺɫ棬ЩΪ֮ǰΪ䣬࣬צħɫȻǶŭˡ
צħıԴڤ𣡡
һĻ˶һצħҲǱȽϤצħݵڤ𣬿ԷΪ̬һ̬ͨҲǸղ
еڶ֣ǱԴ߶ڤǲǿ֮ΪµĻ棬û֮һ
צħڤڤܹڤĽıԴȻҲǳŸΪµڤ𣡺ܶ߶ʮûмצħñԴˡ
ܹʹԴڤҲһˡצħЦ˫֮һĨɱ⣬ζҪƸնɱڴ˵أȻڣ
⣬צħȻʹ汾ˣҲǾ䣬Ϊ϶֣κ˸ΪⱾԴڤĿ֮·Ϊ£Ҳδܹ赲췣֮
ǣ֮£һ췣֮пܻצħģϾ췣ּ֮µ̫£߲ʽڶǱǾͲˡ
ɵʱ򣬷ƵЦҲ֮𣬵ˣ˵õдôղȻҶɱ⣿Ǻιʣ
Цеؿǰצħⷬ˵Ϊ£Ѱ˼ţôܹצħһսɨأ
ǿ߶֣ʧĪ㵨ˣצħЦ÷ҲǺЦΪƾ㵨ˣϾıԴڤǺܿ¡
ӣЦҡҡͷ߶֪꣬ôдġ
Ǿһսʶһʲôצħ鷳غܣϻôࡣ
ţˣβǰһԣӵȤôЦܹʱ֮µЦݣԻΪһֻС͵Ц
˻һֱڳǿ߶ˣǲűżˣʼҶΪ˵Ǿ仰Ҫˣȴû뵽һתۣҪӵȤ
仰˼˵ҪצħԴ
ơҪ嶯ԵǣϾһ췣֮ȻǿᣬǶצħʤɲǺܴ
ģд㡣
ƵĻشһ㶣ĪСϻʲô
˾ɵʱצħȴдС̣ʱǿʲôϸ֣ԼǺаգƶʰˣôԼպôΪ֮ϵľ
˵ɣãӦǣצħװػ֣ɫΪƺǳԶ˷һ㡣
ܼ򵥣ˣɴãǾĻ֮λһ£ɺãʼΪҪһܹצħӦȴû뵽ԷȻԼôģֱӵشӦ
˻һõͨ˶ˣƾȻҪȾָ֮λ
ɫ𺳵ؿŷƣҪ˵ʲôǿŵ֮Ҳû˵ڣаհɡ
ãҴӦ㣡צħɫ׵ʵҲɲӦĹ֮أǿΪǾһλã˱ܣοǵô˵ϣצħһȴɾǶ˶ˡ
ڿצħҲǵͷӦһ˲䣬·ڶҲһһεսȻ˾֮λ֮ϣһ°
Ĺ֮ض꣬ڼҲкܶ಻۵ļһΪԼΪȵʤ޴ȥսĵλȻûһܹɹ
գٴγս֮λս
ʱڳ޶Ƿ֮ϣֻҪ㹻ǿͻ᳼㣡ʱвٵȻȥһ°شݳȥ


2236 Ƶ
һ֮УһɫӰ̾棬һӰֱӵضֱͨӵظӰҲǹЦ飿ħǸûӵļһ
ˣ㿴ǷҪȥһˣڵϵһӰص
ȥȥʲôħǸûӵļһűԴڤֵҲãһ˸ɫӰعЦ
ɡһͻȻֵǿߣǲõһô
ҲԣȻ˿ͻȻսҲǺܺ棬ȥҪǸ޵һϣɫӰһһ㣬Ȼ̧ͷ¶һ˫ɫ
ڴͬʱһɽ֮ϣһȫںɫ۷ĲӰµĻ㱨֮Ҳǻ˻֣¡
⡭Ҫ˰ɫĲӰ̧ͷ֮еľֽɫ֮૵
ͨ󣬷צħĶڼȴǱü࣬ΪƵһѾıʶǸıˣǵս
ھ³ֻһҪôҪô
Цؿǰצħɲϡʲô֮λҪͨ£λһԼܹνͺڻ˽⣬Ƿܹ
ȴǲ֪λצħȴ˿ģе㳬ϡ
һΣצħǲˣ֮ϲϵűԴڤһضŷƣͬһΣյ
ˣһôȶˣЦصצħԽԽɫЦȻǾȶˣ
Ƶ£˱ʧԭأһ̣צħҲǾѹƾȻȴ֣
ʱצħҲӿһַŭУ̫ˣ
ȥɣڤ𣡡צħҲŭһôδ֮ǰĴڣȴǱٰƣǲͷһ
צħ쳹ͨõò޶ɫ΢䣬צħҲǲںɫڤ֮бþ޴
ƲΪȻ˵ٶȽǵ˼£ڰ֮вϵһһĲӰצħڤ𹥻һεա
һĻνٶȾޣû뵽צħԴڤʹöҲ˺˿
ô㣬Ҿ޴ӣצħڷƵٶȺͷۣȴû˿İ취ٶȿԶԶظϷơ
𣡡
צħŭһڤٶͣǽͨռˣʱҲڲϵڱþ޴
⡭Ǳ廯ս״̬
צħ˱Ƶֵزô
޴ʱǾҪ֪˵ǵʵǲеʱ򣬾ԲữȻԴȵԼս
һצħ˱壬ǱسԼƣ
ʱҲ𾪣צħô꣬һֱδȳԷʹñ̬ȴһжδǽԷıֱ̬ӵرȳ
һδ
ʱ򣬲ֹ꣬ͬܶ˶ʶ⣬ȷԽƻδسֹһΣʱڽжڤĹ
뵽ʼŲ޶ԷƸоڴּǿߣһֶƱػǾ춯أ
˶ܣʲô
ʱ֮ͨгһ޴Ӱϵ˫ᣬ޾ڤ֣צħı̬
˫΢΢´צħ̬Լʥûжֻצħһ˫ΪڤĴڣȥӵؿ¡
壿ΣЦȻצħҪԼжܣԼԸ
䣡
ƵҲǷ˱仯һ˫ɫĳҲ֮гֱӵʩչçİ壬ȫǱһֺɫƬǣģȥֵô
ŷƵ̬һ𾪣ѵǷƵı̬ڳ嶼Ϊһ壬ȴʮֵһ࣬ʱȴ¶µ̬һʱ֮꾪ɲ
ʩչçİķƣоڳǿǸ΢΢ۿǰǱԼӴʮצħȴǺ޾⣬սɲǿ˭δܹƿʤ
ǡȥɣ


2237 ս
ƵޱȵᣬӸղ͸оõצħѾǶԲɱ⣬ֵˣǾԲģʩչçİҲмˡ
Ϊʩչçİ壬Լᷢ仯һĴڶԷֱԼݣһģ˭˵Ʋ壬ȻҲȫ֮߶ѡ
צħŭ˷Ƶ֮ʱĿѾǳ𺳣ͷӿֶĪǷƵı壿
ʱΪʩչçİ壬ڳ˵Ѿˣ¶ѣжΪı壬ȴǴûм̬ޣһʱ֮ҲǸۡ
оڳǿǼ˫â˵һͬսһ㣬ûжڵ췣ֱ֮ӵػеצħڵķȥ
ȻƲ֪ǣֵһ˲䣬طľҲͬӦһ㣬˲佫ʶɢȥҪעͨ
ʱڲ֮еľգҲ΢΢˸һ£ûκζ
Ȼǲ֪Щ仯˫֮нȼյս⣬䣬һᴩ˳յĽâǺȻظ֣צħǾ޴Ҳ˿ûκѷɫ
һĳֱ֣ǱݺݵһԷһԹţҲӿһоһԼԵֵס
һʱ֮䣬˷Ƶɵñøһ˵һʲôӵӣȻǿԭΪ̲췣֮ȻƵǿ󳬳ϡ
ȻڳסĲֹһˣצħΪֱӣޱӴĽâȻ£֮оȻǲһ⣬һΪԼԲǷƵĶ֣
ʲôͷ
צħвϵţ⻹ô򣬷ƴʱֳǿѾǽȺڻˣʵ벻ƾôֵģĹ֮ؾȻµޣ
צħ֮ʣӴĽâѾǺȻ£ҪѾˣֻǽеֿŭһצħӴӿֵڤǼ÷
ͬռ䶼һ˲Ťצħ嶼ڤ֮Уһ˲䣬צħǻһž޴ڤƺҪضҪޡ
ΪֵܹҵĹ̫ˣƵ쳹ͨڰ֮УңңؿצħڤںϣϢٶһأȻȴǻ
ӦצħĲŭڵצħ˵شˣӦʱ䶼ûУһȻĽâѾֱӵػ
䣡
ͨΪ֮һɫǾ䣬ͨϿմʱѾһƬ貵ĹâҫǼ۾ּ궼ͲûйĤݡ
̫ǿˣ
Ǽ䣬ͨǶһռ䣬ȻֽתȻצħֲԽĽƴݻ٣Ӷͨǻ
һҪٵҵͨôһȥͨĻˣƬ̣ҲѸٵ˾
ҧ˫ֲϵؽӡҲǲϵسâʱͨĲøӵңڵ޶¶ֵؿܡ
λǿ߽̫ˣһͨˣҪǣˣС뵽һڳڶ޶ǿʼ
ϵسâͨҲһ޵Ŀռ䲻ϵسֳµķģһɹɸΪԿ
µҲֻһƴܲȷƺצħİͨˡ
쵰צħºˣĵطʲôˡƴش߶Žƣͬʱһ˫֮вϵرŭ𣬺ݺݵصһ۰֮еצħıôһ
СҪҪһ֮ʱͻȻһЦ
ɫ͵һ䣬Ȼϳһˣȴû뵽һսȴˣô˵λˣ
һȥǰͨˣҲҪ̬æûصԷͬǾצħǶԼŲõͷʱ϶ûʲôġ


2238 
ȫ߶Ƶʱ֮д۵ĹâȻƽϢ֮ͨڵڶƺоΣʧһ㣬ֹͣǻҵĶʼ̧ͷŰա
о𽥼ҲһоõƵϢڣһսѾǷֳʤ
䣡
һ촫һҵľ޴ӰݺݵشӰ֮£ڶ޽һϳˣȻצħ
צħȻˣ
ҴʱצħϢȫޣȫǳſµƣͬǰ鲼ȫڤʱҲǱͬʱϨһ㣬һսצħܣ
һǰܵ˳ףûУ
һĻ֮б˵ĹâƵʵٶһأܹצħģ˵ˣҲ
֮ͨ޴ʱ·Ŀɿڴ飬һǿߣƽоǽ޵еʣʮҲвٵͻƳɰ벽۵ĴڣȴܹĵλһصĴڣȴǸˣ޵У
УǿΪʱƵӰڰ֮гֶʱķҲһЩϣϾצħǱԴڤɲǿЦġ
һԼϵƣЦ˼ƳһǵصצħҲǲٹᣬצħǿǿڤƵڤôҲͬһİ벽ǿûκ
ûмվԭصϢΪоǿϢѾǽٵͨȻûԳǶֵȼǿҲܹ׵ز
ڿķֱӵؽצħɵ֮ɫҲһ˷ܣȻƬ֮ǲǳȻצħˣλҲǳˡ
ǿϲ㣬µһ
ʱ֮ͨеһĹЦ÷ƾúܲҲ΢΢سҲǰ಻סô
ռ䲻ϵŤһɫâ͸۳һӰһߴϷӣ䣬ɫز԰ףһ˫ȴ˸еΪ䡣
ǵڶ
ĳ֣ҲȻشͬʱҲҧгݵصһ̬ؼһԺǶŮģòҲ֡
ԣƶʱһ񺮣һģɫӰҲһĸоޡʲôԸСȻˡ
һ뵽һ龰˶ǲڣ̫ˣһҪԶ
ӰǸ¶ǲ˷еĺ⣬ҲЦһȻȡɾµһĹ֮ʮûгֹʢ˰ڻϹ֣ѵô
£аȻλسˣԼղŵսɵƵȷҲǺܺƴλڲͬطľǾȻǴʱǱ٣һҲ֤ԼһսǿʼλĹ۲֮С
ûж췣֮ȻȻõɣ߲ʽڣԼûˡиֹһĨҡ
Ӱ֮ʣԱ߿ռٶȵسֳһŤһɫӰظֵֶĵһʱ䣬ƵбڳһּΣյĸоָоֻеʱŻ֡
Ҳ˵һλʵΣգ
ڻ𣡱Ĺ֮ΪǿһλڣȴΪ߲ʽƿ˲ֽƣֻھ֮λһˣû˿ĵġ
ڻͬҲһ٣ȥƺλ֮Ϊϵһλޱؿһǵزצħ֮Ҳǽ˷Ƶϣ¶Ѱζɫ
ǰ鱨˵ͻȻس֣Ǿ˺ʥߣȻҲǶںʥߵʮһĴڣƺʥ߹ϵܺá
ע⵽ڻɫ仯ƺһۣͬǿ˸еĵǣڻ²ǺöԸģ֮һ仰û˵ƺԼز²⵽֮ĹϵѰ
סʵڲУҲΨֱӶ֡
չز˲űצħˣӽµľϵǣڻȴֱӵ


2239 ߲ʽڵ־
ڻĻõڳĲ˶Ϊ֮ȣҪ֪Ĺ֮أȴǸ߸ϵ߲ʽ֮⣬ΪǿᣬƹĹ֮أȻλ棬ڻΪ˵á
ɫһĨ֮λ̫ණֻĻǾͿԼĵ̣ԭΪڻϷµľȻԷı̬ȴǾ㵡
ǰѻ˵ǰˣʱ벻ϣҲûзӣҲֻЦǺǵصڻ֪ôƺ㣿һľ
ҷƼɡƵһЦĹ֮أԼֱӱһͬ֡
һ˫ɫ˸һĨɣĹ֮ػδ˵һصգҲǲеɻ͸¶
ƣСĵǸһʱȻشƣ֮ɫǱüΪȻǲϲһ
Ʋźۼص˵ͷûȤһ̬˵Ҳ˺ڻϣڳҲΨжԷܹԼѹȸС
ԷƵ۹⣬ڻҲӦҪ˵ʲôʱͨΪ֮һһɼΪǿȻٶ¡
ڳ˶ʧɫΪȷӦĹ֮صĽ
ԣ׶ȻĹ֮صĽܹƿصĲֻ߲ʽڣĪǴʱ߲ʽѾ֪飿
뵽ûпܣȻͨһĿռ䣬λܹ֪֮ҲȫΪ̽ӻ㱨ˣ߲ʽڸ߸ϣε֪飿
⣬ĪܹҵϢһаеһ룬ⲢҲûܣϾ߲ʽƿ˲ֽƣӵʲôԼҲ˵׼
ƺһۣ˸еĵǣʮֵûзʲô£ǾԲ߲ʽڶǾġ
Ȼ˵צħɱˣغУ߲ʽڸ飬һδг˵ǣ߲ʽڷˣǸΰ죿
ͺڻһۣɫüΪأҲĿ֮ɫӰҲֱӵع£Ƶӭ𡣡
˻һʱǽ֮ͨڵ޶ǾˣȻܹǸоõһɼΪǿȴû뵽߲ʽڽ٣̫ˡ
ӭ𣡡
֮ͨеڶҲعݶ£ƽܹľֻоĴڣȻ߲ʽƿĹ֮صߴȴǽˣǲ֡
ƣҪǼͷװŪѻôڷƾɵʱһȴǴǣ¾ǱˣֻҪԼ߲ʽҲκβá
Ƶ˵ͷͬʱ֮ҲԼһĨ˷֮ɫ߲ʽڣĹ֮صߣƿ˲ֽƵǿڣֻһʲôĶ֡
䣡
ȻʱͨնȻ뿪һΪ貵Ľɫâ޾֮ӿ֣һ޿ƥеƣͬһ㣬ڳڶ޶ǵսľ
Žɫâ£ͨһģĽɫӰǳڽɫâ֮УĿΪģ˿͸ȴһɼΪµơ
ףצħôģ
ɫģӰһʱǷڵϿҪצħ֮Ҳ͸¶һ־ɣȻףΪצħּǿߣȻҡ
צħűԼսչˣô֮λҲóһľơʱ̧ͷɫû˿ز
һĻҲǸֳһĨֵͷ߲ʽڱϢԶԶûǿ󣬵ȴǲ¶˿Ĳʵǹĺܡ
߲ʽȻǿܹòֵĽ֮Ҫѹִڣһͷ飬ԼҲ˵ҷôƺǿ˷Ƶɻ󣬵ҲСĵش
ԣƲоúЦ͸¶һζҲע⵽˺ڻɫ̲Ǳڹµ̬ɫȴû̫𾴡
˵ĺڻ߲ʽŶԹȷǲ١Ҳǽüͷ΢΢˼ܹѺڻ˵Լôʹˡ


2240 
µľƣһɫģӰھƬ֮Ҳǻָɫǵؿһ۷ƣҲɻѣ֪ΪΣڷƵƺһصڸ̽顣
ǵġƵ̬û̫𾴣Ҳû̫պǡôǸһּΪŵ棬Ҳ⣬ϾǳΪڶߵʱ
Ƶ̬ޱ飬෴˫һĨֻɫȻ˺߲ʽ˵ѵֻ֪Ҫ߲ʽڶһͷܹŪô
ڻɫûжı仯ȴǰҡͷ̾˿ƾͺԼһ㣬ΪԼӵʵͿ԰ȴⲻ֪ԷӵбΪǿôİͻΪЦϡ
ԺȡצħΪɡ
ͬģ߲ʽڵһ仰Ҳò𾪣ǷԼҲû뵽ˣ
߲ʽû̫ƣ˵ǵĿܶѣڻǿߣǰҲ޷̫ΪĹ֮棬߲ʽھף
һҽ٣һ͡
߲ʽڵһϣɨӶеߣǰһʱ䣬ڿݶӦ˳û˴˵أǽɽ
ɽ
޶¶֮ɫĹ֮ûĸ޲־ط֣Ŀ־壬λǽüͷ֪˼ʲô
;ǣϧһдۣҲҪѰҵЩǱнˣǲɽ棬ҲҪҵ߲ʽ˵һ仰ʱȻ࣬˶ͬһ
ͬҲио죬ղһ˲䣬߲ʽڵ֮ϱһɼΪǿȷظоԴһƬء
ѹ˵Ҳ޷ƥ߲ʽڣΪԭˡӴһ˲˲飬¸ղ߲ʽڶõĽƾ߲ʽڱ޷ɢ˿µơ
ǣ
һν֮£֮ͨе޶ظߺһ߲ʽûа취ͬһԳĬοǡ
ڻ룬µľ֮󣬸ɳһˣɽ߲ʽڷƵɨӶֱӵ
ǡͺڻһۣҲǸԿԵΣһ˽ȥɽ֮ȥ޻أֻǳ䵱ڻҶѡ
߲ʽ˵Щ֮󣬱ٶȻһ貵Ľɫâֱӵʧͨͬûгһ㣬ȥ˴죬˲һ߲ʽʧĵط¡
߲ʽڣЩѰʥޣͬǿ𣬸û˿ķ
Ǻǣƾô֮ɽټɡҲĿ¶عâ´һ·ƣЦһֱӵʧ
ڻû˵ʲôζؿһ꣬һ۷ƣ˵Ҳɢ֮ͨС
΢΢ر˫ʧ֮󣬲¶ɻ֮ɫ꣬Ҫ˵ʲôȴʾ֮ҲǲһƬֱͨӵؽƴһ֮С
ﰲȫˣΧŽƣ߲ʽҲ޷ӵǵĽʱ¶֮ɫ
ƿһܣҲǵ˵ͷֵ֪ԺδϾ߲ʽƿĹ֮صĽƣһЩѰ벻ֶΣղŵͻȻ١
ķչԶҵڿ߲ʽҲǹܲˣҲ˵ھһƬصľˡЦ
ȻצħǱϣһѾǿˣο߲ʽڶûзַƵݣȥΪеĹǡ
֮λϡءҡҡͷҲǽüͷ׷ʵղǳֵľ߲ʽڣ
û߲ʽߡʼεص߲ʽһоͷ֮⣬߲ʽҲǻٳ֣ͬҶûпٴΡ
Уղ˵󣬾ۼһȥɽϣʲô˼ʷһֱǲףҲΨ׷ˡ
˼ҪѰҳһʿȻȥɽΪڻҡص߲ʽھ飬ҲǵһˣλҲǼֲ֡


2241 ֮
ɳһʿɽɫ΢䣬ʮνɽǶôؿ£ʱ䷨Ļ˵Ѱʥǿߣ¾ҲǼֲ˶ãԽʱ䷨ȫ򣬲޾塣
ûûв´Ļ˵һѾǽɽ֮СüͷƬ̣˼Ϊ߲ʽڶǱò
߲ʽƿĹ֮صĽƣɽΪӣޱȿõɽĴУȴӺ±˵õɽĴУΪһ˻ɽĴУôĹ֮صĽƾͻ±˲ݣ߲ʽܹ֮ľǽơ
ʣλΪɵĽʧˣô߲ʽڻһʲô³
СɽһҲпʼ˼֣ǰһֱǲ²ⲻСΪҪðսĹ֮أƺҲ˴𰸣ĴУ
Ĺ֮Ǻ֮أһжСҪȫؼ̳к𣬱Ҫɽ
ѹ֣СϵһϢ
뵽ƵɫøӵأСҪõĴУͲôģ֪Сڣһλǿߵ꣬ҪСʲôµĻǼֱǲ룡
ΣһҪɽ΢˫¶֮ɫһ仰Աߵ궼Ǹŵˡ
ɽ˰㡣һСֵɫŷƣɽԼɽƽԭһֿµĪԴȥ˻ֱӵʮ꣬Ҫȥûһߵó
ҵĴ㣬ҪɽҵһɽҶҪҵҡҡͷʾ겻õġ
ȻǿǾԵֵɽΧ굱±¶֮ɫòײһѽôָȥ
Ǻǣ㲻õģˣҾɽ߳ģǵȻ£Ƕ˵̫⡣ЦЦȻǿĵǡ
ԣҲǴһ£Ҳ𣬷Ʋɽ߳ôôǻпּΪİ취
üԷ˵ĻôԼ˻ڵʲôֱӵشɽѺĽƵõ֣һܹɱ߲ʽڣܹ뿪
̫ãɽҲʮּɵưһ꣬ҡͷûЦΪµĴ˶ܵõģ
ʱǾѹһĨΣԼ̫ļˣô˿ЦͷǷֱܹӴɽǺαػҪѰԼæ
ˣһµľưԼʱѾĹ֮ص֮һһǺϷġ
˵ͷʵǰ÷ƲЩȴû뵽ȡצħΪ߲ʽҲû¶νʮֵ˳
ڿΪҪľ֮ɽˡ̾ϢһҲǿյصȥѰһˣ
ӣ̿ЦǾô˭ȥ˭ȥǶһɽƱȥ޻ء
һȺĵļһȻӣеص
ġһЦͨޣ󲿷ֶӵʥ׵ʵһȴܹѹǣ˵߸ϵ߲ʽˣηʮͳΣĹ֮ص޶Ѿľˡ
Ƶ˵ͷһͰѡɣצħҲǰ˲ٵ̽ӣѾȡΪһľЩ̽ƺҲܹذˡ
ԣҲûصаСӣûտʼأʹˣ
ٺ٣ƿ΢΢ŭɫæҲЦⲻ߾ӶοôƯŮһľܾҵģ˵Ķ԰ɣ
ü컬࣬ҲЦҲǶһ۸ˣѵϣؾͰġ
ЦݲϣŲȥǹƨĿľǰСҵȻնɱ߲ʽڣ뿪ʱ䲢ּ࣬Ĵ˵һ굯ָ
ţͻȻ֮䣬ɫ΢΢һ䣬ƺǽӵʲô˵Ĵ


2242 
ôˣע⵽ɫ仯һĪǷʲô顣
ȻĴάƬ̣ѾתΪһصЦݣŷƵЦ²˭ˣ
ɻؿһЦݣвɵú棬˭ôĹܹ֪֮ĹϵƺûС
Īǡڻ
·бڻӰҲǾһĪ
òңľǺڻɣüͷ㲻ڻҪʲô
ںڻûаģԷǲǵĴڣΣǷƸղſڻĵһ۸о
ûղˣϣǼһ棬㿴Ρ껺Цݣ֮УԺڻΪǿͬʱҲصһ
ȻҪ΢΢һЦѰ˼һ£ǲ²⵽ڻص󣬾ͿǲǺԼһģһ
߰ɣȥһ˵ܹΪǵѡͻȻЦŵ
걻ôһ仰Ūһ£ûӦƾѾ뿪ռ䣬Ҳǲ²ⲻ͸룬ֻʼ磬ȥ
ͨĽƶڷ˵û̫Ӱ죬ûĴ죬Ҳܹ׵طֱĴ£ܿһңƿ˺ڻ
ڷ̤ҵһ˲䣬ڻȻ̧ͷעŷƣҲֱؽӭȥ˾൱ضš
վԱߣĬǺڻͷƵĳʱֲ֡ãȻһǿߣΪӦÿڵҲ硣
֮󣬺ڻǻջԼµشһ·ƣҸôƺ㣿
ںڻֵ̬ƺһۣǿ˸еɻڻĪķʲô߲ʽڶûз֣ȴǿ˷ƵĲѰ
Ǻǣ⻰ʲô˼ƤЦⲻЦصɣǵȴı仯Ϻ꣬һиСľͱԷץס
ƣѵҪ˵ôڻ̧ͷŷ¶˹Цݣ㲻ޣ
仰һƺɫǾ䣬ȻǱˣҪ֪ɻĻڻǲֱӵԼᵱԼ˵
΢΢ȭͷգźڻ¶Щ⣬Էȷ֪ôƴһҲҪѶԷ£
ˣǽһ㡣ڻһЦ˷һ۵һûȷŮ޵ɫҾͻȷˣȷ塣
˵̲סŭһһȻϺ꣡Ҳǰסûм˵ǳĬؿźڻҪԷ׶֪˶顣
ڻˣҪ֪ƿ߲ʽڶϵľĪʣغһڴֽ֣Ϊ֪ȥôȨͻȫںڻϣ˵ɲһ¡
Ů޶㻹ƭϷôڻһЦҪԸǣʱҵľ߲ʽڡǣ
ƺһۣûںڻϸܵ⣬Ҳ˵ԷûдԸԼǶԷѰԼΪΣ
һ룬ҲǾȻˣǾͲ̸̹ڻصԼҲ˵Էĳ̶ֳϣųԼ
Ȼ㿴ˣҲءʼЦ˼£Ҳֱӵؽ֮ϵժȡ£¶ʵĿ
ڻԳƺΪơʱ򣬷̹ȻһЦֱźڻûа㵨ӡ
һƣȻϢؾͻĹ֮أ߲ʽڿ˵˾ɡƵʵĿڻ̲â
ңҲҡЦЦ˫ֻأһЦؿźڻ̸֮ȨػصУô
ŶڻüҲüͷѰ˼Ƭ֮ͫ׶Ȼʧ˼˵һ˽ˣ
ҿû˵һ˵ġʼɵ


2243 ̸
õƵ׿ϣڻ˳Ĭ֮Уԭ²ľǷһˣΪ׼һ㣬ҷƣû뵽ƵĻشȴ˵ڳϡ
ôڻˣĪҪҪЮôƿȨһӾͻصԼУҲǲɵ¶һЦɫ
Ǻڻû˵Ĭʱ龰ͱù࣬һгģɲºڻԼľٶΪԷǴˣӦǴޡ
˰죬ڻ̾һ̧ͷŷƣɫȻˣҾûбҪˣѻ̯˵ɡ
ãд⡣ǰһҲ¶ЦݣڻȻܹΪѵĴڡ
ΪζڻĿصԲŷǼ򵥵ΪѰҺĴжȼߣĴѾǲǰ㿴ء
Цָָϡ
ڻӺȻֹһĨ𾪣Ȼǲ˵ȴ˵ʲô
ƽĹ֮أȻΪ߲ʽڶºڻҲѸٵӵı飬ŷƵаգ
ЦЦûаգҶƱҪ֡
仰˵û߲ʽʵҪ֣ǶԼһС
ڻĬƬ̺׷ʵһˣǴɽ
ƺһۣǵ˵ͷǲû˵̫ĻΪûȷڻ˼֮ǰƲ㽫е鶼Ǹ
аնȡɽĴУڻ¶˼ֲɫɽĴУΪ˽һЩҪ֪Щ˵߲ʽҲǶɽĴһֱǻ
Ǻ壬˵أûش𣬶ֱӵظһɽˣͬһʵģ
һ仰˼ԣµĴУ嶼ûаնȡ֣оûκܹȡõ
һ£ڻ֮У壡źͬһʣ뵽ĺ̲סü
֮ҷƣΪ˷ƺ֮ĹϵѰƵͻȻ𣬲Ǻߵôټǰʱ˴˽жϷƲޣ
ҷƣȻҲŷƵʵûڶצħһս֮¶ԼʵúڻԼһλá
ǣǷ֣ԭصһֱδ͸һνĻк壬źܴĻܹȡɽĴУ
ɽĴйϵĹ֮صĽƣһڻκ˶Ҫ˶ȡĴУôĹ֮صĽƾͻʧͿ뿪ط
ڻһֱıطû취ûƿĹ֮صĽƣ߲ʽƿ˲ֽƵһѾѹ̧ͷ
ԣһֱڵȣĳᣬˣ
ڻɫ𽥵رüֱŷƣصǺ
¶Ц֮ɫڻȻôֱӵؿҪΪڻҪһ£ҲԼƵҵĿĺܼ򵥣ɱ߲ʽڣ
뿪طȻɱ߲ʽڣҲǷǳ⣡
ڻ¶ɫ֮ж߲ʽҲǼΪޣϾ߲ʽֲƾʵվͷϣƾŲֽ֮ûЩ֮ڻҲڱѹôꡣ
ܺãϣǺ죡ʼ⣬ȥֵϸڡ
ΪԸ߲ʽڵķӦƱСɽĻήҪ˽ȥɽðգԷƺͺڻڽɽʱ׼֣
аǸ˿ԻúĴôڻ¶ǵɫҪ֪֮ԴӦͷƺܴԭΪƵʵԭǰϣһ֮ϡ
ԣҲֻ̾ĵصҲ֪ǷܹɹҲֻǰϣϣһɹػôУǾ֣
ڻ˳˼ǵðգ޷ɹȻҲҪϵϣͬҪնɱ߲ʽڵͷȻҲûа취ʵС
ƴˣϷͶһΣڻҲ˼Ƭ̣ҧ


2244 ۼɽ
֮ܿǹȥˣڵڻŷһϸ֮⣬ȻȥҲûκ֪֮⣬Ǹ߸ϵ߲ʽҲûв
ڵ죬ƺٶǳ֣İ֮£ܿǾۼڷֱӵش֮£ɽƴɽʱȴѾͺڻѾ͵ˡ
ȻƵɭɭһЦڻĿضŷƵ˵ͷû¶κ
ۿһɽΧѾǾۼڶޣЩŸԼһ£ȻǶҪɽ³е
̧ͷһ²֮еľͬһĽɫâ߸ߵڲ֮УǾǾͷ߲ʽڣоǾâĴ۹â̲סһĨ⡣
ˣ
ʱ򣬿ռͻȻǴһһɫĹâǴӲ֮ͬһ׹£һǿȻؽ٣
ڳڶ߽ǳܲסֿµعݶ£ΨзƵλûܵƵѹȣȻΪ͵¶˳֮ɫֱӵصͷ
ΪǱצħһ㣬ԶԶûзƺͺڻǿ󣬵˺ڻޱɫҲףƶܹޱضԿѹҲʮֵز졣
ĪΪȻǿ𣿣вɵǾɲһλ֮Ϊµһܹܵˡ
ʱɫâɢȥ¶ֹһλ߲ʽڵߣһ˫˫ɨӹȫʵˣɶˣ
𣬶Ѿˡ̧ͷ¶һЦ߲ʽǰ˿ûκƢͺһһ
߲ʽڵ˵ͷ˻֣һΣλһȥҪɽص˵䣡ûУ
仰£±¶ݣͬغڻޱɶ˷һۡ
üͷ壬ȴ˼һôþҲҪȥ²ûзһͬҪһȥģûз
߲ʽڴĵʲộĪѾԼݣҪɽɱԼ
һʱ֮ͷڷ˸ͻȻ֪ôȥ߲ʽҪλһɱô
ɽĿ֮ʱ䷨򣬿Ըıʱ٣ÿǲһеĴؼеǳɰٱڻȼóȻɽ³Ҳõȥ
ɶ߲ʽڵʲôƵɫ˲ȭͷжʱӿһҪֻ̳ɱ߲ʽڵͷջǱѹ
һɻĻкڻͬû뵽һ߲ʽھȻλͬʱ룬һλȥˣĿԼΪ㣡
жĥɱ¿
ƺͺڻһۣ˵ĶʶѾ뵽˹ͬһ⣬Ǿ߲ʽλҲһ
úݵ߲ʽڣȻҪᣡƣ˵Ǻãڻһ´ļƻбҪıж
ƳĬƬ̣ҲǴ䣬ȲҪֱӵشӦʵطһ£ȻװһεӽȥŲ߲ʽġ
ڻ˵ͷµҲΨƵģı仯鶼ǱùΨһϣǼһɽĺ壡
ʡʱվ˳֪ԸֲҲվ˵ǺڻվĻҲףôΨһվľֻ¾
Īҵô߲ʽûжŭǵؿһ۷ƣֻһϵ貽ɫâΪŨࡣ
ǾóȻؽɽ»Ĺ֮صĻҡ΢΢һ£Ҳû̫񣬶ֱ߲ʽʵ
һĻɵЦ׳¾ѵ֪߲ʽĽ֮жôǿɣûʲô³ˣ
ʰɣʰɣãƴʱ״ҲЦ뵽ƺԼҲҪɽô³ҲԶˣʱø⡣


2245 Ϸ
߲ʽڿŷƣû˵κλ֮ϵĽɫâԽԽ貣µƴ߲ʽڵʱƸоԼͬһԽɽֱѹԼ͸
Ĺ֮أû˿ҵĻ߲ʽڵصֱӵ̧ƣѸٵؽɫâݳһֿ½Ϣ
Ĺ֮صĽ֮һֱϸ۲߲ʽڵĶ±ǲ߲ʽؽ֮˲Сӡ
΢УѹͬڻҲ޷У߲ʽƿ˲ֽƣԵһЩΪԼ½޵У
ûκα仯ֱ߲ʽڣƺľͺƱҪҸ˵һ㣡
ȻǾҲΥҵĹ֮أҵȾף߲ʽĮؿһ۷ƣ۵ĽɫâѸٵػһ޴Ľɫֱӵغݺ£ĿȻǷƣ
ǲ
׼󣬿һ޴ĽɫѸٵ£пʼ˼⾿Ҫӭǻ֣
գƻǾӭϾʱ򻹲ʺ߲ʽڶֻ֣ǱسһҲǸоõһȻƿ£еҪɱԼǲС
䣡
һ޴촫ɫľ޴Ƹֱӵ˷ڵλã涼ֱӵرӡһµľ޿ӣڳ߿һĻɵһһȻǿᵽ̶ֳȣ
ڻޱؿһ۷ڵĵطԼеĵǸȥ֪Ƶʵ˿̶ֳȵĹֻ÷ܴѡ
˫֮һĨײ֮ɫǵ⣬ܹȥĻ͸ˡ
ȻϵǣƬ̺ɫâɢƵӰٶʾڶ޵ǰʱķ߹һĨѪ˿¶һֵɫǰ߲ʽڡ
ʵһֻ÷һ㴴ˣûб濴ȥǰأôΪԼʵղԼô߲ʽڿ϶ʹ˰ݡ
ʵ¶̬ͬʱҲ߲ʽڵĿĴﵽˣϾҪɽ϶նɱ˷ƣô˵ҲӵоΪɽ֮дļʱ˸ߣ߲ʽ֮Ϊ˾ޣĹ֮أ߲ʽڲףûκδڿΥ˵Ļ
ΪԼǾܹжͣһνǸһ档߲ʽڵصĮȻɨӶǽǲѡ
ڻɫʱüΪѿ߲ʽһ仰ǳȥ˼ڸǣĹ֮أǶûʸ߲ʽ̸
ҪҪ
һΣ˭ʣ߲ʽĮȻص
ղһδ֮ڶްڣǲ˿飬ղһϵĻ¸ûĿԡ
ܺãöһˣֱǱ֡˽ǲ̧ͷӣ߲ʽڲ¶˼ֱǴâ˷Ƶλ
վסһɫâһö·ĵ򣬵Ҳ֪һ߲ʽڿĴҪ˿·ǴɽС𡭡
ȥɡ߲ʽڻ˻֣÷ƵλŸԵɽڰ֮Уޱؿڶҵ顣
߲ʽڣСүţղһҰٱҾͲзƣƿһ߲ʽڣҲаֳ˿ֵˣֻʱδѡ
ƺͺڻһۣҲǸԴֱӵؽɽȻ֪һнΣƺͺڻˣΣҪѸٵѰһ壡
¶Ϊ֮ɫʮԼʱٲȥô߲ʽһζֶԸľͬҲ
֮£̾һɽѰҵһˣôԼŻĻᣬҲֻǻ˻֣һޣƺƵؽɽ֮С
ĿԴ˽ɽ֮У߲ʽҲһһѰҵһɽˣǾҲûãҵȾֵͻڼһƿĹ֮صĽƣ˵½ҲǵĶ֣


2246 
Ƶ˽ɽȻҲûа취֪߲ʽڵĴ㣬һνɽˣ߲ʽ˵Ҳ˿ûйϵ
һѾǽɽԼĪ죬棬Ⱥ޵ֿʱ䷨ʴһ԰׹ǣԶط
λͬҲ³òȥΨһܹõľλĴڣ뻹ܹƾۻԿʱ䷨ʴȥ¹˰꣬ͺڻͬҲˡ
ʱΪ飬һ仰û˵ÿһ춼ǿЩԼǰеһһص£ȻһѰ׹ǣޱ飬˵Ѿϰˡ
ңЩ޶ѣҲˡ
һΣڻغŷƵ·߽һ£Ψ֪ΪΣŷƵľеԶҲɵƻ֡
һɽжԶѾھˣΪҸоɽңԶȻشڻɽĵھ죬ԽԽ࣬󣬺ڻԱǴʣ²ޣֱӵŷƻһһ·
ڷƽɽĵһ죬ңңؿǰһΡɽƣƺǿԴƲһ㣬ǹȥô죬Ʋһ˿ףƺԼɽľû˿
ѵ֪ڻɵص
ţѵлʲôüͷɽѵǳʱ䷨ôѵ߻Щ֡
ɽʱźǹ٣ռ䶼ǼزȶڻΪ֪Բһֱûж˵ҲֻĽ
ռ䣿¶ɫаĪǿռ䷨򣿡
ֹôһͷҲоⲢǲûпܣΪεռ䷨ȻƿˣȻҲǲôʱ䷨˵ɽڿռ䷨ĻҲȷġ
û𵱳ɽ½Ƶʱ︽ǳʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ںһɽĹ죬Ȼʮ߲ʽֱӴɽ֮Сڻ¶εص
ǵҪôܹɽԣɵ¶֮ɫȥĿĵĻԵֿΧʱ䷨ʴôһȺ˾ͻʣԼһ֧ţǺڻҲѲˡ
֪ڻֱӵػشȴûпʱһԵķ˵ɫǺⲻ֪ôңǻôɽ߲ʽڲǿЦô
Ͼʮÿ춼Ϊٵޱ½ɽ֮Уôȥˣûһܹ߳ȥ޷֪ɽ浽׷ʲô¡ڻصҲɽΪʲôͳĹ֮ؽԵʡ
һΣȻܲѰǱҪɽô΢΢üͷԼɻ󣬰˵߲ʽȻǽΪĹ֮صףûбҪλȫȥɽȻܷ
ֻһ˵ڻɫʱ˻˽߲ʽڣΪƹ߲ʽڵЩƿ˽ޱȵϤ
üȴźڻ˵ȥ
Ǿǣͷ߲ʽ棬˿ͻƴ۵Ĵڡڻޱ˵ôһ仰
һ㶣ӵϣڻ˵仰Ļôƾͻ˲䷢˱仯Լ޷յľƣ
ҲˣΪʲôһ߲ʽͬλҪɳȥһͻƳɵۣôĽͻʧԭλΪͱ߲ʽڸߣƺڻֿӵ𼶱ս߲ʽ˵һв
ԣҪͻ֮ǰЩȫ͵ֲŶ֣ԲŻһΣþҲһɽĿľҪλ
ֻҪλһô߲ʽھͻˣҲĹ֮صףû˺ڻ˵в߲ʽڻӵذݣ
úݵĶƣɸûѰɽǰǽҧгݵصЩ߲ʽ̫ˣȻּıܹó
ڻ̾һı仯ԶԶ


2247 ɽ
ʱѾǽӽȥһ£ԭÿһλ¶Ǹһ˽ɽһ棬ʣֿܹʱ䷨ʴ˲ࡣ
ңֵֵܹزޣʱҲһʱҪµļ󣬿ȥҲǼֲ˶á
ڷƣΪѾǳظʱ䷨ԶӰ첢Ǻܴ뻹ܹȥۺڻ𼶱ϢʱҲ¶Щƣ롣
ںڻ棬Դӽɽ֮󣬱һɫĹâƣͬһĺɫ棬ҲΪĴڣڻܹʱ䷨ʴ֮¼á
Ϊûŷһһ𣬲ûпҲܹŵز²⵽ʱҲõõȥ
ֵܹȻΪˣȻһ¹ȥˣܹʱ䷨ʴ֮û仯ڻ̲סǸ̾Ϊɽܵӵʱ䷨ĴڣΪ˿Щʱ䷨򣬺ڻνԴҲûжЧʱȥԭ΢΢һӢ۳ĺĸо
ҵе⣬ܼȥ¶֮ɫܲܰԼҲǳʱ䷨˵Ҳһȥ
ڻԣҲ¶˻ɫһ·Ƶı仯ǿɽôãͬԼǿʼе֧ŲסļȻȴû˿ر仯
飡
һﵹص죬ƺͺڻһۣûлͷҲ֪ʲô£ЩʣѾˣʱ󲿷ֶƵ;ƿݵ״̬ʱпܻᵹ¡
ɽڻ̧ͷңԶΡɽľƺǰɽķһʱҲ޷ؽӴ
ƳĬǰߣûлͷ·ߣΨһϣǼСϣСĴȥɽ棬ôпܻúµĴУΨͺڻпط뿪նɱ߲ʽڣ
ʱƵ߹ĵطѾʮֵؼžûǰıʬǣʱѾ˷ǰһƽԭ
ˣһΡɽǽǰͬʮǧңңɼ
ţ
Ȼʱ򣬷ȴͻȻһͣǰĲüͷǰһĿռ˳˼
ôڻģҲɻصɽǾûκΣյģȻǳſʱ䷨⡭
ǰĿռ䲨е㲻Ѱͣһ¡ƳղʶɨӶǷǵǰһƬռ䣬ϵĳصĲƸܵһļµ
˵ڻҲ޴ˣõô˵һĨϲɫҲӣ仰˵ǰпܾŽƵĴڣɽķΧĿռ䷨µĴڣ˵˽ƣô˵ɽҲǺܽˣ
ûһѾǽӴɽıԵǵǰпܾɽĽƣóȻشȥȻǿҲᵱɱɫֳһء
仰ȷǲ٣ƴʱѾǽӴɽıԵһΡɽ۷壬߲âƣ߲â֮УһӰڴ˵أȻϳһӰҪѰҵС
ˣ
Χ߲âͻȻһСͫ׳߲âһɲɣϢǶȻ֮ƺؿһɽ档
񾧵Ĺؼʱ̣Բκ˴šһСմƬ̣С֣յ˼£һֿӿر鲼ɽ۷塣
ƴʱȴЩǰˣɲóȻؽȥһЩΪµĽƣôͺڻУðա
ʱ򣬶ͬҲŽ治ƺͺڻȻͬʱͣסбǾɲѡ
ƳһۣҲǶʱһͷԼͺڻʺóȻȥƣֵ̫ʱˣȥܹ۲һƵǿ
ҪôܹԸȥأ
Ҳɵϣ˷ƺͺڻͣٶ£ƱǷʲôѰ飬Ҳֹֹͣ״̬


2248 
ѾǲһˣҴظνŷ߲һĳ֮ȻҲ޵ע⡣
ڻҲƳһĬϵҲôǺڻûаצħڡ
ֹճ˰죬ǰ಻סˣΪޣǲϵ½һʱͣĻԼҲֵ˶á
Ǻǣƾ֪кΰ֮Ȼλͣ졣Ҳɵϣƺûǰ˵ǰ϶ŲСΣա
ڻƳһۣû˵Ƿƣȴ΢΢һЦǰнƵĳ֣Ҫһȫ֮ߡ
ƣǰһŽƵĳ֣ǾѾǽӽɽҲǿϲֻҪ̤ɽҵˣܹ߲ʽڽ٣ʱԼͿ뿪طˣ
ѵʲôƿΪѵλôҲ¶֮ɫȻڷƵʵûжʶܹúڻǹĿ࿴ܲȥ
ңһͬʱҲΪĵģλ棬ʱͱΪͣƺͺڻҪԼʲôɽڣҲû˭ԾȵԼһҲԼĿ˿ķ
ڻûͷβû˵һ仰ںڻ߸һȼǿߣȻҲǾȴ߲ʽµһѡ
ǺǣǶĺµĽƣ˵ˣǼλҲδظӲɡƵһЦ˵ǼλȻ߲ʽڡ
жʱֳһֲĸоֱǰķƺֲ²ⲻ͸Ҳڳ
ĪǺڻͷƹһҪңֱӵظֳͷתһ룬ԷƺȫûбҪԼΪɽڣǺڻǷƣûнɽѰҵǸ˵Ļ˵³һ
ǾԶɽ
ôѵǲҺƹ¶˾ɵɫҪ֪Ѿ˵˺ڻټĻֵĻ˵Ŀƣ
ڻԼҲһ÷ȴǲûиɫϲ٣Ҳüͷǿô죿ǽȥɽ޷ѰҵǸˣҲҪ
ûаգˣ֣п֮۾֮һĨĹâ΢΢ǶԷϤˣͱȻ֪¶Цݵʱ򣬾ͱȻ˻꣬һȻľͻ
һһֱĬĺڻʱҲһ¿ǽ赶ɱ˵뷨ͷóȻȥĻ˵ܲܳһ⣬һеĻ
ûϷҲûܹƿƣֵĻӦаաڻɫҲֱӵضɫȴûжı仯ȥñ˸оҪҲûϵ
˼ܣλ˵ҲǾ岻ֱƺͺڻ֮Ȼĳ֪ϵӦֵĻô³пܾǱȥ
Ϊܶ鶼΢΢ƶϱܹóһţо˵ȴûʲô֤˵Բôɡ
飡
ʱڿʼֲסˣһһصأֱӵضϵʱ䷨ǰûκԿ⡣
Ƿѡͣλãʱ䷨ⷽԲʱٶǰٱǷƴʱ䳤һ㶼޷ܣӺοˡ
ͬһʱ䣬ڷƺͺڻҲͬˣÿһ֮ǰûκΪ֪ڽɽһ𣬽־Ѿעˡ
߲ϵ죬ɫø֪ڻǿȻǿԼֵøã¾ƣȻҲǲԼôȥԿȻԼ


2249 ɽ
ãҴӦһ˫ɫ֮вϵ˸Ĺâʱûκ̸еʸ񣬲ΪֻΪܹŻȥ
ڵķǷͺڻԼһ㣬Ҳûпǹ²⵽ֻ˴ĳЭĻҪԸԼԼ߲ʽµ򣬵ʱȻͰȫˡ
߲ʽŵƣҲЩҷƺͺڻ˲֪ǣڽɽ֮ǰ߲ʽǵעһ·ƺͺڻ
ӦˣҲһ˽棬Ҳܹһںڻ򵥵ıʾûУʲôܹ
ֵܣüıһ¿иվǵǰˡڻش
˵̫磬ҲǺöԸģ߲ʽֹ֪бҪʱ̣ǻǳһ㡣Цû˿ı仯˫֮ȴ˸һâ
ڻ˵ͷһΪֵܹڵޣҲ̾һҪ̤ƵĻЩ˸Ǻô˵ȥ
ͬҲ뵽⣬ֱӵض˽ȥˣ˽ȥٶҲѡ
仰˵õˮ©λжǼΪףЩ޸ڽûκôֻǷ
޵ĶȴǴΪһǷ׷¶˸мɫŷƣľƺ˻ͦģûǰצħǰ㣬ʲôΣվͷǵȥϡ
Щ޵ɫϸֳһĨЦаһȺ㶼͸Ҳ÷˻֣ԼµҲǸͣ£ˡ
ƺͺڻһۣҲǸһ̤λǰ˽ȥڶޣ۰Ͱ͵ؿλ޷ˡľˣȻա
ܹǣڷƵȵǰ˲׵ʱͻȻռ֮бǴһµڵĿռ䶼ǲϵŤ
ҪֿЩռһƴͽơƵŭƿ˿ռ֮ڽӴ󣬱Ƿֱƾںδ֮أһĻƴ͵Ľƾͻ˲תΪһµɱ
ɶЩռ֮ƺڲϵ˺ǵ壡¶֮ɫûа취˵˲ǿ϶ͲһǳʲôµͲ롣
Ȼһ˳ſռ֮˺ͬڻˣƻһ㣬ȻΧĿռôŤƵɫҲû˿ı仯
ڵȣռƸǱԼҪд͵ĻҪƬ̣֮УԼҪЩռ֮˺飬Ҳһ飬һͶûУǻ̸ʲôʸ̤ɽ
ȻϣƬ֮󣬿ռŤֹͣˣһȻһٶȷһ޴ĿռֱӵγɣƵɶȥλҲû˿ط
ڶؿŷƵλʧǰ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ֮䶼Ǽž
ŷƵʧ֮ʣĹ֮صĲ֮ϾſŽɫսһ£е߿ҡһ䣬貵Ľɫâ֮¶ǰģ
ʧˣǽɽɫصû뵽λȻֱӵرǽɽ֮У
Ȼ߲ʽûа취۲쵽ɽı仯Ƶλ壬ȴһЩصСܣĹ֮أܹ߲ʽڶܲĵطΨɽ
ʱ˵Ȼʧȥ˸ӦŵһЩģϢʱʱһЩţΨǽɽܹ㷴Ӧ
ߣǽȥɽ嵽ʱܹϢôʱһȴȻش
İɣ磬ұ֮ػţȻ˵ʱûа취ȷµλãһ飬ɽĽҲ޷ֹȻܹӦõ
ǾͺãͶѾ̵̤˰벽۷壬ɵҲֻһ˿Ĳ࣬ʱǲκεʧ


2250 ֮ͨ·
ڷƵʧ֮󣬾Ȼֱӵر͵ɽɽ֮£ǵģһηƵλɽɽ֮£̧ͷǽǿͷɽλɫǸӡ
ǰֵģ෴ûκνƣһݣǰ޾۷壡
һݲ֪ж೤ͺһһɽ֮ϣһηĴʱ֮˶ֱӵס⵽ô£
ţԱһʯ۽Ƴһ£һԼĪһ˸ߵʯڣתĪԣ÷ǰһ£ǿĸֿ档
֮ͨ·
ƺͺڻһۣɻѣһν֮ͨ·ĪǾͨɽ۵ģ
һֱĬ˵ʱȴ̧ͷһƺûоͷͨâϵ˸Ƭ̣ͻȻزҽһ˶Ƿڵϡ
ô£Ƶľ˫۵ʱȴǲɵһʱ˫ۣϵѪҺȻܵ˴ˡ
ղûκѾش⾿˭µ֣
ҧ˵ϵظֳһɫâϵ˫۹ֱƬ֮ǻػعٶ΢΢˫
̫ˡһ仰԰ɫ÷ƺͺڻиǾɣȻΪȲˣܹΪȻҲŹ֮ʱȴǱӲŪģʵǷѽ⡣
㵽ǿʲôɫصص
ҸղԼͫۿһ£ȴûϵֱӱǿɽ֮ϣһӰȻҿһӰʱȴͻȻӿֳһɫâֱӵؽ˫ش۹ջؼʱ˫۶÷ϵˣµصղһĻŵ
ǣһڷƺͺڻĶȴŲһЧаȻСȥˣ
ڽɽ֮ǰΪ߲ʽڵľǽͺڻľǸ׵شңֻܱȰϣСϣ
Сɽôһ鶼ǻϣǣôһжǰ״
Ļ֮󣬷ǰһӰ֮⣬ûΨһĽ;С
ƺͺڻһۣҲǵ˵ͷһΣƶĶˣ
Ȼк˷ܣҲֳܱƷ¶һ˼㿴Ҳͬ˵ǰ㣬ȷ˴ɽ
ڻ˵ͷȴû˵֪ŷڣԼҪ˵̫໰ֻҪڹؼʱ˵仰㹻ˡ
ǻҽ֪ͨ𣿡˫ʹصֻҪͳ˽ҾͿ뿪ĵطˣ
һ仰ʱѾǱƵˣղŵһǳ׵ûƢôȥ֪ᷢʲô飬̫ˡ
ȵȡȴǳֹȻҲǺܿ㵨СҲɷµصˣǵҵһɽˣóȻȥ֪ͨǣҾµʱʵ䷴ǵǱ˰
һʱǾһ亹ϸ룬ȷҲͬ˵˽ҪѰҵǸ˵ټһʲô͵ȥ֪ͨʱˣһȴǱˣ뿪ɽǵùľֻԼ
Ƿ˵ô죿ʱȫûע⣬ղһӵľС࣬ʱͲ÷Ƴע⣬Լ͸Ǻ棬Ҳһˣ
ҾǻҪνɽҲҪ֮ͨ·ƳƬ̣Ҳʼɽô뿪ƱҪ̤ɽ
⡭
һҪ̤֮ͨ·ȴǳղɽֵâǲŵˣóȻ֮ͨ»ٸӿµ飬ŪСö
ҾҲҪȥһϾѾֶ飬Լûа취뿪ɽʱڻ˵ˣȻĳɣԲǷԱ̬
˵ʵѾǽɽĴҲûжıҪпޣͻȥͳ߲ʽڣôʱƱػ鷳
Բ߲ʽڽɽ


2251 û·
ûѵ㲻ҺͺڻôǸɵɫҲǼװ¶õɫ
ôأֻ¹شܹദһȫ֮߾ͻӺһ㡣æǰֵʱԼ¶λĻôԼͻȫرɽΣյĵطһĻǺͺˡ
߳ȥĻǾϵɽɽۣ㿴һˣʲôĻôһ˵⣬ҺͺڻҲܵǣ
ʱ¶ɵɫ·Ƶɫ˵Ϊ߲ʽڹسɽ֪Ȼ߲ʽڴûɽǾͷ߲ʽǺһƴĻȻŰֱƿƣɽʱĺǲ롣
Сɽ۷֮ϣûв´ĻӦڽܴУֹؼʱʲô˵С𣬾͵Լ
ȷ˾Сɽ֮ϵʱоѾһƣǴС˴УȻܹƿɽĽƣʱ߲ʽΪֶξȫûУֻǷƵ˵һͷѡ
Ҳ¶˳ɵɫô˵ҲûóȻý٣ͷһյĻôùıȻԼ
ãʵȥ˵˵ͷʵҲûѡԷƺͺڻλһˣﻹзȨ
ҲԼС̣ǰУһʲôԾĵطôͻ򣬵ʱ߲ʽھͻֱӵؽɽ
Ȼûа취²⵽˼¿ͬˣλһۣҲ̤֮ͨ·Ľݣʼɽ۽
ףⲻԾڸ̤˽ݵʱбǸֳһֲĸооΧʱ䷨ƺΪ£ʱ侹ȻһӾͼӿٱĸΪֲ
Ϊƿʱ䷨ԶΧʱ֪ȽϤǺڻȴֻܹоõһֿµѸٵ˥ȥ
ɫֳһĨ֣ȫûоµ飬վڽ֮ϣÿһ룬ظ֪ԼڵѸٵؼ
ʶҪˣȻȷʵһֵ飬Ǿȫûа취ˣʱ򣬺ڻҲǲһ֮ͨ·ֻǰ޷ˣ
ƽüͷתһһĿռ䣬̾һĿռ֮ʱ̫֮ˣȻյ˾ĵزȥʮµĽҲ˵ؿ¡
ֽƣƶûа취ǰǰֻһֻܲǰܺ˵ĵ·
Ŀǰֻƴسɽۣ֮⣬ûκΰ취ƵΪأȻͬҲǸʱ䷨򣬵ԶԶﲻĵزҲǱȽϳ֮ͨ·ʱѾǼӿٱ
ڻû˵һ˫ǵ˫ȴǱһâΣܹ̤ϵɽۣŻȥ
ʱٱΪ£ô£ɫ¶һ־֣֮Ϊͣ˵ʲôĻôĵһ˾
вһֺڵͷ֪ͲôӦͷƻкڻãҲûô߲ʽڻûн٣Ѿر
ƿһۣҲӿֳһĵɫ̰ô֮λûУֱΪʧǸ￴֮УΨкڻһ㡣
µҲö˵ʲôֻӲһǰ壬صɽۣ¡صصֱ²⵽һʱ䷨ƴڣ»һЩֶΣ
ǣλʱû˿·ֻǰ޷ˣ
ƴˣһΣڻ˵ͷһֻƽɫҲǸֳһĨ˵ս⣬ǺΣͲһȥʮµĽƣܹʲôز
ȻǱԹϣҲֻӲͷƤһ壬Ȼûκ·


2252 Ѱ
Ƶλ޷˵̤ν֮ͨȻȴܵǰδеһΪ֮ͨ·Ľݣͺȫûоͷһ㣬ƾʩչµٶȣǾͷңԶޱȡ
ȥˣǳסˣͣɫ̺һĨŭӲˣû˿ϣ
ҲûѪԣʱڻڵǱˣֻңңؿǾͷʮǧһ
ҲͣϵתʵĹâʵϣǵ룬ĵطѾǳٱʱ٣
һĻڵĻԽԽңʱǵ³ͬһ㣬û˿ᡣ
ԣ϶⣬ɽôߣλʩչµٶȣҲﵽˡڻ΢˫۵һ֮ͨ·϶ǴһЩè塣
ԣҲǳ˼ȷͬڻ˵㣬ʱ䷨Ļ޷λֵֹزбȻǲһЩֶΡ
ûв´Ļ϶пռƣȴѾ棡ǺεȵشƬ֮䣬Ѱ˼˲Ծĵط
ռ䷨򣿡ڻԣҲüͷѰʹõĿռ䷨򣬴󲿷ֶǽ˲ƻ˺׷ɱˣȴû˵ܹ˿µĽơ
𲻽ӵΪµʱ䷨ռ䷨͸ˣܿ϶һռƣûмʱƽôǸһӣҲûа취ɽۣüͷ
ڻҲǵͷȴûа취ƿռƣȥٱʱټӿ죬˶Ǿǻᱻغ
ΧһĽݣҲѰ˼˿ƶϣӦֻʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨һγһƣΣӦûС
Ҳ˵ֻҪƵʱ䷨򣬻ǿռ䷨ôƾͻӭж⣬ʱֱܹӵصɽۣ
Ե£ܲƽһ£ҧµȥԼȫһ⣬ƽĽơ
аգڻ¶֮ɫƺǿһϣǿܹƽµĽƣδ̫ˡ
һԵҲ¶ɫѵһֱԼʵʱɵˣ֮ǰ߲ʽǴעơ
ûаաҡҡͷҲǲǻģģҾʮģĽǿҲǿȥֻԣܺù
ڻ˵ͷҲǵһоͰˣ
治ɫؿһͻȻشڻƵ˽ƣֻɱ
ڻԣҲ˼жϣڿԿ϶һĻܹƵƣǰڶû˵ȥȻƺһ·ˡ
һƿƣôͻֱӵصɽۣʱ˵һʱ򣬴Ӷ֪߲ͨʽڣʱΣˡ
ǵͬʱȴ֪Ҳͬ
ûйϻǶһºڻ֮󣬱£˫ӴϵɢһϧǶԼƿصʱ䷨ҲҪƵơ
ʱڷƵȴͻȻظֳһŤоúڻǾúǹ죬һȥſռ֮ƣϸоĻȴǴΪͬ
ȻͲܲ²õõҲʱ䷨ڷƶʱ䷨֮ȻʱٶûжЧϾ𣬵ͬһֵܻЧ
ң֮Զʱ䷨򣬷ҲҪʱ䷨©Ӷƽ⣬һҲûжİգʵȫѡһְ취ǾǴӿռ䷨֡
뵽ǣΪ£ڿռ֮ƿأԶԶسǱȲΨһܵľǽʱ䷨ϵĹͬ㣬Ѱҳ
ƾ˴ûһ㶯ڻֻػŷƣ·ƴʲôơ
˽ӽ죬Ҫͷʱ򣬷ƶȻ˫һžâ


2253 취
ڸղһ˲䣬Ѿ˼ƽʱ䷨µĽƣǵرƻԼ϶û㹻ƫ棬뵽һ취
ɣ׼ȷ˵ںϣ
֮뵽һ㣬뵽˽ƿĹ֮صĲֽͷûв´ĻǾͷ߲ʽ޵Ӧǿռ䷨ͬ뵽һ㣬ܹɹزһֽơ
ܹΪηƲֻܹ;һѡ
ʱ䷨˵ֻзԼһܹƿصƽĽƾҲʺϲˣҲûжİգζҪһ¡
˫治ϵسֳŤ״һĻڻλȻǸеɻ󣬵Ҳûж˵ʲôϾÿһ˶Լĵơ
ʱƣƵɫҲ𽥵ر˿ռ䷨֮£Ҳһʱ䷨Ũ̶ȣΪ֮졣
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ֽȻͬȴǴּ֮ȴںһγһ޴ؿһ㣬סɽ
ΪҲ̺ʱ䷨Դʱ䷨һ˲䣬ͬɽ֮һ㣬ʱ䷨Ҳʮֵ
ʱû˫ۣҲܹءǳɽʱ䷨򣬵ȻֿĿһָоѡ
غһȫעؽԼͶܵʱ䷨棬ûеĻΣգҲкڻڡ
ƿʼӴɽ֮Ӵʱ䷨ʱҲף߲ʽҪɽҲ£ԵֱӵȫͶ롣
һ˵״̬֮УڤڤƺԼزһֵϸУ˵ɽһƬ󣬶һε
Ǽ䣬ɽ΢һֱ仯ȻҲԱλĲ²Ǻڻλ¶˾ɫ
һ̣֮ƣͬ͡Ǹо߲ʽǰ㣬޿ƥУ
ǵģʱ𽥵سںϴ˵صʱ䷨ƿĽƣڷ־ٶͬʱɽ֮С𻺻˫Ƴһɽ£Ҫҡҡͷٶȱ˫ʱ۵߲âԽԽŨ
ɽ֮Ĳ񷣬߸ߵžֽɫգĹ֮صľλףȻʱͻȻնųشĿâ
ô£ղһָоͺڳԻĹ֮صĽƣһ֮дʶ
壬Ҳоˣһ̺ŲȻһλ߲ʽڡ
ĪǸѾǻ˴У߲ʽ֮ߵĽص²⣬ҲΨг˭ܹƽĹ֮صĽơ
ﻹûнɽô
ߵ˵ͷǽȥѾǺóһʱˣǶûзκϢǱɽ棬ǵʵҪӽɽ˿ѹ򣡡
ߣ˲ָǣ׼һ£ֱӽɽֻҪΪĵĽƣӦòж⡣
ãȥûκγɣʮֵǾͷ߲ʽܹ֮Ĺ֮ѾãȫطĽƣһƽ⣬ôôΪĶҲûˣôǵĴ֪
Ĺ֮޵Ŀ֮£ǲ֮еһֽɫգȴͻȻؿʼ׹䣬Ŀ귽ȻĹ֮ͬһɽ
ʱĹ֮ص޶ǿʼȻҲյϢңңؿɽķ򣬴ʱҲ¶֮ɫ߲ʽڶԳˣȻȻᷢ춯صĴ£
ɽĽ֮еķȻǲ²õΪղŵľٶǰĹ֮ضǾˣ߲ʽڶǱñɽ
߲ʽ˵Ĺ֮صĽƣغǵһУǲκεʧ
ڻؿŷƣʱķһʵâ֣ȴǷ֣ȻƳԼǰʶ궼ȫ޷׽ƵĴڣ
⡭⵽ô£һĻ˶ǱһһԼǰȴûκΰ취׽ƶǺڻϮĻ¸޷赲


2254 
׼ȷ˵˴ʱɽн棬еģΨ޵ʱ䷨һһ㣬ͺһ֩鲼
ڣȻҲǴŵ֪طʱ䷨ɣôԼͿԸһ㣬صںϣһںϳɹôĵλͺ߲ͬʽһ㣬ף
ʶһ㣬ԲôΪС̣ͬҲΪȷ֮һܼ򵥣Ϊ֪Сڣһ壬Լȴǲ֪Է˭
һСҪðսĹ֮أѰҺĴУܴϵһص塣
ǵѣƵڻûиҪܵԼٶһ㡭
Լƿ˲ֽƵĻôֻҪɽ߲ʽڻС˺ĴУôԼһƴ֮أҲ뱻
Ʋϰ߱ҪһжԼУһСһص壬һǺڻûб֮ԷҪ׼
״̬һʱ֮󣬷ƻһ˶ٶȻ˫¶˵Цݣڻ¶֮ɫ
ʱķƣȻûκȴһεƣͬһƬصףǺڻҪԸƣûԼĲս⣡
εȵƣڻԺ֮вػ𣬵Լ뵽ȥսѾƿ˲ֽ߲ʽڣǶԷȴֶδ֣һƾԼһ޷ƺڷƵϳ֣˵ˣƺƽ˽򵥣
֮еĲ죬ת˾֣վǰͬһɽ㣬ָоѹ֡
ƾ㡭¶֮ɫ̽һ·ƵǲͬԼǰ㣬߲ʽǰ㣬ƿһֵĽơ
ûͬǰ㣬ɽ֮ڣȴ⣬Ҿ޵С¶һĨЦ⣬仰дģĿľҪסʵϣҲ޼Ϊƿʱ䷨ɽ֮ڵʱ䷨ںϣֻҪɽôͿصطʱ䷨ʱٻǻǵһǧ
һǧʱ٣һʲôĸ߲ʽڽ٣δҲֵܹʲôô
ڻ治ɫ˵ƱԽǿǶǵƻԽǲһг˾Ƹʵ̫ˡ
߰ɣӦǿ׵صɽۡ΢΢һЦͬʱƳһһȴľĪһ﷢ʲô
ڻȻҲǵ˵ͷڷһҲǼΪ̧ͷһ۴ʱңңɽۣǲɵ¶һĨĪЦ⣬µɽ۵ʱ򣬾ˡ
߲ʽǣƵֲǺǡ
ʱ֮˿ûа뷨Ϊһɽڣ޵еһ仰ȻǶ˵ģҲǴע⣬һɽ̱򣬵ʱ·ҪԸԼô߲ʽڽٺ󣬷ƺͺڻҲԼû˿İ취
뵽һ㣬ҲǵͷƵ񶼲ֱӣ˾Ļǰߣ𽥵ؽӽɽۡ
Ҳͬ˵㣬ֳһŤâĴ֮£֮ľﶼǿʼŤһúڻ̾Ϊֹ
ȻڻǽظڷƵ󣬱Ͼɽƿ˲ֽ֮ǷƣǣκһʧܹҪǵ
Ƶ߷֣ȻǾһֱǰߣᶨ˴֮Χľɫȴûжı仯ɫ΢΢سƵʲô˵ƿ˲ֽ֮ôҪߵɽۺǼ򵥵£ôỨôá
ǰ棬ǹһĨ޵ЦݣҪɽۣȻǺף뵽ˣʱСɽϣӦڽܴУԼóȻشȥ֪᲻һЩӰ죬ԷҲǾܵʱ䡣
Ͼһ̤ɽۣԼͺڻͻ̶֣նɱڴ˵أǷһЩЩпܻӰ쵽һεĽ֣òСġ


2255 ȳ
ӵͬʱȴⲻ֪߲ʽѸٵɽΪղںɽĿռ䷨ĲһǾֵ
߲ʽܹ벽۵ΪͰĹ֮أΨһľƿصĲֽ֮һܹһͬס˽Ƶôǵĵλͻвһǲ⿴ġ
߲ʽ֮еߵһλڽɽΧ֮ȻҲ޿ɱرʱ䷨˵޹ش󰭣Ĺܹ֮ǲвģΨһɽ
һҲǹ˲ôˣƴһҲҪɽһڵؽɽ磬ȻȴǷɽĸȴǳ˴ʬ壬һȻѰ
ߵʶ±ǷһҴߣҴҲǽʣһţһ֪ƺƿأҲֱӵһĽɫâһҴһޡ
һޱǷһĲҽ߾ȻǶֱӵʩչ˶ԼʶǿжȡԷļ䣬ֶμΪ
һҲ͵˫ɽ֮͸¶һĪɫѾ֪˷Ƶλֱӵؽɽ
ѵǸ⣿߲ʽܹΪĹ֮صףͷȻҲǲѰ˼һȻֱӵìͷָ˷ƣǷ֪ƻ᲻òǽ˼ά
ԭسƬ̣Ҳֱӵؽɽ֮Уڤڤ֮УоƻĲأΪأһٵնɱһλ
ʵ֪ǣߵһۿʱѾĪ֣ȴûб¶ºҲһƾͺƽ޹ʵðһ㡣
ڽɽ֮ǰҵҪ۲ƣҲֶ֮һ
ߣкڻǸϲΪԼضҪ֪ʲôͼıĻƱزǣɭɭһ֮󣬱ֱӵ˸ɽ֮С
Ȼ߽ɽһ˲䣬ȷʵܼ򵥣ѾںɽĲʱ䷨򣬶طĽҲŲֿƵ
ڸղŵһ˲䣬Ƹ֪˴ˣҾ߲ʽ֮еߣ
⣬ôڳ֣ƴʱ治ɫ֮ȴǸһĨ߲ʽ˳ɽ۵Ļôɽ¡
ֱ֪ȥɽۺˣ̲סŭԼһ䣬Ѿǳϣû뵽߲ʽھȻֱӵسɽȫǴļƻ
ϸһ£ҲǴŵز²⵽˾ԭ򣬱ȻԼں˲ʱ䷨߲ʽڤڤ֮ԲŻڴ˵ء
ڻǰɽֱۣӳնɱһ̶ӣ߲ʽͬɽ۽ƵҲûй˼ô࣬Ȼشڻ
ԣڻһ߲ʽھȻˣ¿ûʱѯʣؿһ۷ƣҲĬĬ׼š
Ҳ̧ͷղ͵һ£ƺǸоʲôΣһ㣬ܵؿһ£ȴûκ쳣ҲǾɲ
ˣɽۣ򣡡յ֮У߲ʽ֮ǰ
Ϊ߲ʽڵǿн٣ԭȵļƻҲȡֱӱǴλɽ۽ʱһУϣСܴоɣȻĻҪԵĽһּΪѵľ档
ˣ
ռһºڻȱǲΧĿռΪ֮һ䣬ЩŤĿռѾʧˣ֤һѾ̤Ĺ֮ʮδ̤ϵĽأ
ŵһ˲䣬˫ҲǶʱâƱûκεǰֱ࣬ӵתγһƣݺݵѹȥ
һΣƽǶȫʵҪһ֣
ҲǲܹȾ֮λ϶ҲԼĹ֮ҲһֱΣյĳ֣ȻûԤϵõƻֱӵض֣
ƾʲô˼
ŭҲǲϵرһ貵ɫâͬ죬ǽյȭͷҲ׼ֱӵؽ飡
Ȼһ̣ȴǷ岻ܶˣһɺ˵Ȼڶ
Ǽͫ󣬲ò룬һԺڻ


2256 
ȻΪߣʱҲ޴ΪڻԼģҲŭڻĪҪѽ𣡣
ڻЦЦû˵һЦоֲѣȷˣڻƾʵ֪Ѿǹһˣ
ûд򣬷ƵĹѾȻ£ǻƽʱܹһ£Ǵʱڻֽסˣ˿ûκΰ취ֻؿŷƵĹơ
ǲú
һ죬۶Ľɫ޴Ҳֱӵסҽһǳ֣׵ؽĻᶼǲ
ڷƺͺڻ֮£ֵûУֱӵرɱ˿ĻûУһɢ³νҡ
һֱյҲ֮ڵϣƹȥŪ˼£̧ͷߣҵС𡣡
ڻҲǵ˵ͷֱӵظڷƵȻҲǺɻΪʲôû߲ʽھѾǽٵɽ̫Ѱˡ
ûʱźڻͣɽɽ֮ϣΧǺܴһ㳡ڹ㳡һ貵߲ʹâӿ֣СȻҲһ߲ʹâ֮С
Ƭ̣Ʊһ߲âĸҪǰȴһεֹ޷ǰ벽
߲â֮ʱʱֵС𣬷ͷһʯҲ£ܹ֤Сǰȫġ
ûв´ĻǸھڽܴУ»Ҫһʱ䡣ڻ۹ⶾһ۱ǿСʱ״̬ҲʮֵʱСǲܹܵκδţ
ȷɫ࣬һС֮ҲǵΣҪ֤ܹؽܴУȻһжǰ׷ˣɱ֮
߲ʽôͻȻͽˣһǽǵ󡣡ʱ򣬺ڻǽԼеʳ
ԣҲǸ̾һЦҴˣղںϴ˵صĽʱڤڤ߲֮ʽǷˣڳӦǹ
ڻԭҲǳĬڲΣҪദ취߲ʽڣȻȴǵľһ·
Ƕٸڻ̧ͷҲ¶һĨ֮ɫĻᣬˣôһҲûа취Ĺ֮أʲô𣬼ȻˣǷһ
ֻһǸߡƸӦһ£Ҳȷֻһ߲ʽڳ֣ȻԷʱҲǱڽ֮УöãҲܹӽֱ֮߳ɽۣ
жٰգڻ𽥵ر䣬ɱѶ
֪ҡҡͷ˵ʵԼûоԵİգΪ߲ʽƿصǿռ䷨򣬶ԶԶյʱ䷨ҪǿҲ˵һ֣¹˭ֻǸδ֪֮
ʵΣǶû·ͻȻһЦԼƺеˣʱ򣬽һô㱻Ҳûʲôס
Ͼ߲ʽľ棬ȻһҪ¡
ԣǰֺ㽻ûʲô𣬺ڻԣҲһ㶣жʱ򣬹Цʵȷͬ˵ʱû·
СӣϷôãû㿴͸ڻЦŵڵҲ𽥵Ȼû·Ψһս
һѡЦЦҧ촽˼Ƭ̣Ҳǵ£߱Ȼܹϵɽֻۣʱ⣬ҸŪС鷳һʱһ㡣
˵֮󣬷Ʊ΢΢ر˫ڵĿռ䷨ٶɽ֮ڳĿռ䷨һ𣬶һ̣ܹɽ֮ϵκһطı仯
ǿ߲ʽͬҲǶŶԷĿռ䷨ǿýʧӶѸٵɽۣնԷٶ˵ӦòʱͿɽۡ
ҪľǣĿܣСʱӳظС㹻ĻᣬΪͺڻǽϣѹСϡ
룬Ҳ΢΢һЦָᵯڿռ֮һһϸ΢Щڳ֮Ѹٵʧڻûпףһֵʲôá
һ֮󣬷Ʋ¿ӾӰɡ


2257 Խ
߲ʽڵߴʱƣΪɽ֮еʱ䷨ͻȻرһʱ֮䶼емܲסӡ
ģʱô͵һǧˣŭ⣬μٵǰΧ޴ڵʱ䷨Ƿҡ
߲ͬʽҲʱ䷨޿ռ䷨򣬶պ߲ʽһҲ츳ͨǿռ䷨ǻ˺ôɵ˲ֿռ䷨򣬲ܹݡ
ʱ䷨߲ʽһֱǺܴѣȴû˿ذ취ƣΪ˵û˵ֿµķ򣬵Ƶĳ֣ȴûϵƿ˿ռ䷨򣬶ƿʱ䷨
ͻȻ߲ʽһ뵽һͷǴĹ֮صѾ˺ĴУɽϵʱٲ¡
ͷһţǶԷ˴УôͬҲӦҶԷҲ˼򵥵ؽǲʱԸ
ô£ֳһĨأٶȸǱֱͨɽۣΪͬҲƿ˿ռ䷨򣬶ɽĽʱ䷨Ҳ첻˶в
ʱôһعȥɽ֮ϣƺͺڻǾؿһ߲ʹâ֮еӰǵϣֻϣС𾡿ػôС
߲ʽˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ɫ΢䣬߲֮ʽѾǼɽۡ
ôڻغһ֮бǿս⣬ںܾ֮ǰڻѾս߲ʽڣκζԷƿ˲ֽƵԼǶֻ֣ܺھ
䣡
һ죬һĽɫâ޵ĿռƶӶһ̺ϢӰȻ߲ʽ
ڵɽɽˣ߲ʽڳ֮ҲǷһЦڹȥʮ߲꣬ʽһֱҪʵνɽȡǺĴУΪɽֽԶţ߲ʽҲûǸӲɽ
СͻȻ٣ֱӽɽǿʼ˺ĴУɽĽһֱڱĻҲ˵÷һôͽɽ
ţڿЦͻȻǷ˲ף±̧ͷɨһۣ˷ƺͺڻλЦؿ
ʲôΪεɽۻ򣡣ߵ±ǲȻŭƺͺڻ˵ģƺһֱѾǵɽۣȴûͳǡ
أҲǷ˲Ѱ֮λʱȴֻʣλ
ѾµˣҲȥӹŵЦ⣬һһǿϢֱ߲ʽڡ
ƾǣɫ±ǱޱȣΪֲƾкڻʱȻҲǶ¶˵⡣
˾ξˣеǷʲô飿һʱ֮ûзӦȻѾˣҾǱƺͺڻնɱ
ȵȡһͷڷƵϣҲŭص㵽˭Բޣ
ҡҡͷЦŵȻ㷢ˣҲء
֮󣬷ժȡԼߣ¶ʵòһȫģףжʱҲˣһ鶼Ԥıģ
һ࣬Ҿ֪㲻򵥣Ȼص֮ɭɭصˣĹ֮صĲһˣˣ
һǽɽܴеˣһǰķƣɽһ˱ԼȴѰҵͨǻɱצħΪһľ
ңĿǰѾźڻ
ڻͷ˵սǵ³ôȻұѣҿǻòͷˣҲǽ˺ڻϣ̺֮һĨŭ⡣
ڻһֱƿһֽ֮ƾ߲ʽڵŸһҶ£
ҪȡµĴôƣϧȴǹһֱɽۣȻǼıóѡЦͬʱҲһϲңǻĸоؿ»ǵļıʱ𴫳һ˶ȡߣô߲ʽھû̵


2258 
ȷеϣҲûа취˵һе߲ʽͬʱҲҪǣص֮еսⲻϵӿȡ
ԣߵøΪȻΪޣȴŷƱȻǶ߲ʽ㹻˽⣬Ͼ߻кڻڣô֪߲ʽܹƾŽƵ޵Ĺ֮أȴǻվ˵ƵϱȻſԿǵĵơ
һ£гƿһ飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ʵڷƵҲûжܹ߲ʽڽֵĿԣֻȵʱ䣡
ҺòǾͷ߲ʽһ١ҲֻҰοϾͷ߲ʽһֵĻƵԽɱˡ
ԣͻȻرóɱֱŷƣһһصСӣļƣҪʱ䣿ٺ٣һ໹ڽܴаɣҾͳִϣǻʲộ
߽Ƭ̣Ѿǲ²⵽˷Ƶ뷨ڴˣҲֻǰ̾ϢҪܹӶһʱͺˣҲֻӲӲضԸ߲ʽڣ
߷Ӧ֮ҲЦǶ϶ƱȻûаԿֱӵرǻִһĽɫâγһֱӵس߲âС
䣡
ߵĶѸ٣ǷƲҲûа취ҵǣһĽɫâڽӴ߲ʹâ֮󣬱ǽһƵɢˡ
ɶȻҲнƣ΢Уһ¾ͱϳˣһ߲â֮һεĽƣûʲôȴܹĸš
һĻиǰ˲٣Сڽܴ֮ǰҲ뵽һЩֱӱǲһЩƣҲܹΪʱ䡣
ʱڻѾȳֱ֣ӵضϮȥһµĺɫ棬֮ռ䶼ֱӵرޣͬſޱȵ¶ȡ
϶ҹһȥ߿ڻȻҲǸ֣иǱŭֱӵزܳĿռ䷨򣬶źڻңңһգ
ڻûпǱεĿռ߲ʽڵĿ֮˲ֽƣܹ㣬Խռ䷨ӭС
߾
ڻɫ䣬ȻǶԴԤϵҲ׼ߵĿռά룬Ǹڻɽĺɫ棬ֱӵطޣ
ͬʱڻĻһӵر˳Ȼռ˰߲񷣬ܵĺɫ棬Ȼһ˲γһͷӴӰ
΢΢̧ͷϳˣһͷ룡ڻı̬
ϲģһж˵ûã߿ڻ̲飬ҲǶŭǽǣ
Ȼһ̣Ƴˣһ۵貹â˲ҫ֣һһֱִӵ߲ʽȥ
ʲô췣߲ʽڶʱһ⡭Ȼ췣ĳ֣
û˲췣ÿһΪµ췣û߲ʽУ췣ͬҲܹǳ״ݻٵ
һȴǷһֵ̫ˣҾ췣٣ƻڸΪ¡أɨһ۷ƣǿǵһĨЦ⡣
СӣС㣬Ȼܹ췣߲֮ʽױһĨȣڳ˵ȷ޷⣬ΪһѪܹ֮Ԧ췣ֿµļ»
߲ʽҲûл̫ãȻ췣ôҲǲҪʲôɵƺͺڻ֣Ҳǲ壬Ϊܹ֮г޴ڵĿռ䷨
һ㣬㹻ȥӭսλ֣ƺһ¡
䣡
ݺݵ£ͬʱڻһɫԻӰҲǺݺݵ˺ҧȥɽ۱Ǳ۵ɫԼǺɫâ
ս
߲ʽĮȻע£ҡҡͷһͷ֮£Ӱ𽥵رΧĿռ䶼ǻسֳһŤļ
ѵ޴ǣ֪Ĺ֮أ߲ʽھף
Ǹ߰ɽۣ˫ָ󣬸ûκζֻҪ˽Ƶԣƾһ㣬Ƶ˵ĹȻƺƴ󣬵޷ɱ˺ɲˡ
ôͻȻЦ߲ʽڵʵ̫ˣΪԼ޵ô


2259 ı
ǰһ̣߲ʽڻʤգǽӶƵĹЦȴһֲĸов²ⲻ͸ƵĵƵʲô
ң߲ʽڽںڻϵʱͬҲǷޱ飬һжԵ̫Ѱˡ
ܿ죬ƾˣܹ߲֮ʽڣƵĵƾʲô
ŷߵĿռ䶼𽥵ظֳһֵŤ߲ʽȴӿһĨֵɫָŷƵ㡭㡭Ȼƿ˲ַ򣡣
Ϊֻ߲ʽܹƿؽҲһܹƲмؿһߣɫ¶һĨɫȻ࣬Ը㣬ӣ
ߴʱоͬ˾κһ㣬㶵ؿŷƣһж̫ˣһֱĸ߸ϣûа취ϵõƾȻܹһƿ˲ֽ֮
ңܹоõƴʱƿصľԲǿռ䷨򣬶Ĺ֮أȴ˿ռ䷨һַʱ䷨
ʱ䷨ǵһЩǿߣҲδ˵ַ򣬱ϾַںܹϵǺҲڻԵɺ֮£ǻʱ䷨
ʮ߲ʽڵһֱҪѰҵʱ䷨ķţȴһֱûгɹΨһĿܾɽ֮лúĴУΨǲƿĹ֮ء
Ȼշʩչȴһֱʱ䷨
߽ضŷƣԭǸòֽ֮㣬һܴеģ
߲ʽһֱΪܹ֮ں˲ֽƣΪ𽥵ؽܴУȻȴǴسǵϣΪˣҲܹƾſռ䷨򣬶˲ֽ֮
üΪһӱüɽ֮нƵĿ£ΪĹ֮ΪΣյĽأЩ߲ʽҲ㡣
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ֽȻͬȴǳɽ߲ʽƿ˿ռ䷨򣬶ƿʱ䷨Ҫɽ֮ڶԾʤͬ˵ǰʵһδ֪֮
ʱ䷨Ȼʱ䷨򣡡
ʧһ£֮ǻعݺݵضŷƵȻ֪ôʱ䷨򣬲ȻˣǾͽʱ䷨ҿһ
֮䣬֮ڣ߲ʽԼƿĹ֮صĲֽƣһֱ֮£Ѿһ޵һĸоԷҲһ㡣
Ҹ˵ӳ˻ǽˮأҡҡͷЦΪаܹң
ߣ֪ûаˡЦϵصںڻϣǳɱ⣬Ȼڻıˬ
ڻƾȻյʱ䷨򣬵Ҳǰߵ˿壬һȺ߲ʽƾŽƵ˵ԸԸצħȴڶеѡ
ƽüͷ߲ʽڣҲǺɲϣ߲ʽѵʲôûʹã˵Էƿصǿռ䷨򣬶Լƿصʱ䷨ɽ֮УԼҪɱ߲ʽڣҪܷѾ߲ʽҲɱƻкڻһǿԸһô˵оʤ㡣
ЦϣԼҲС̣ûƿصǿռ䷨Ǿ㵣Ǿ֣Ϊܹһֽ˵ʮֵʱ䷨Ҫȿռ䷨Ҫ£
Ƶʱ䷨гɵĻԼԲĶ֣ߴʱҲǴ㣬ʱ䣬ԼǰͳԼֵܣʱλ߲ʽһͬɽֵĻк;֮
Ϊ˽Ҳװ֣治ϵӳɫâɽĿռ䶼һزȶһµϵ
ƺͺڻҲһۣ¶һĨصɫô˵ԷҲܹͬһֽ׶Ը
Ȼһ̣ߵĶȴ÷Ϊ֮һ㶣ûзóһֱӵ飡
⣬Ǽһ֪߲ͨʽڣƶʱŭ廯һӰֱҪֹԷΪΪʱеѾǻһƹâɢڿռ֮С
ɣҵĴһǵڣ¶ɫŷƺͺڻ¶һֵɫ
ԼɱܹӣֻҪȵԮһ˵ˣǺĴҲԼУ


2260 
һ˲䣬Ĺ֮ضǲһͬκһȻؽ٣޶̧ͷؿͷŵĽɫգ
򣡡
һصڲ֮УһŰ˵ɫգʱǲϵſµƣͬ𼴽µһ㣬η
ô£˱ڱչضǱ׷ʲô飡
һϵڰ˵ɫյ룬һΪ貵ĽɫâڲϵŤʱʱǿԿһ˵
磬ɽ֮˴ȥ˿ʼܴУǰȥʱ򣬿ǷһЩ飬ûа취ġ
ˣɽȻ˴ȥôصȻ֪ͨңǰȥɽһϵ̱ñŭȻһ߲ʽڵǲ
ɽǺεȵط̺źĴУ˵ص㣬һ˽˴УôǾ͵ùˣ
ǣ
£Ĺ֮ص޶Ƿ֣ʮһֱΨд󶯾߲ʽڣʱȻǾسǵĿ귽򣬾Ȼɽ
ģҿʲôȫˣʲôô
ǰλɽڶҲһͬ룬Īɽ淢ʲô£
һʱ֮䣬Ĺ֮ضһ־֮УȻͨȴ¶˵ǵɫҲǲ²⵽һ˿϶ɽʲô飬ȻԲе߲ʽһ
СһﰡһҪ̧ͷңԶһΡɽ壬૵ص
ʱɽɽ֮УƺͺڻѾǿʼ߶֣Է̫ƻˣȻǳŷһûע⣬ֱӵֹ
͵ɣߵӰϵؽжƿصǿռ䷨ɽ֮Ȼܷǿ󹥻ԵڶʮֵʺϣڻҪϣҲһΪѵ顣
ƽüͷû˿ͣ٣׷߲ʽڶȥʣİͷ߲ʽڱȻѾľڷ˵ǲ
˵һпܽڴ˵أһͷ߲ʽڣ£Ծͷ߲ʽڣôû˿ĻᣬǴһڻ
Ϊλ߲ʽڶܹƿزֽģһҲмܲס
ʱ򣬷ƴھͳûˣСڽܴУ߿ֻսȥΨһϣСֻҪСһܴϣôʱ߲ʽھҲûа취ƿؽ
û˽߲ʽڣڷһȺûκηè֮
ڻʱҲû˿غΪʮѾ޷ƿˣֻƴһΪҪľǽǰ߸նɱ
λǿߵ׷ɱڲϵؽжȻû¶κɫ֮ѾʮֵؽϾԵĿɲצħЩ
һƣԲûκλֵһһֱڻĺڻȻڻвԶԶûзƵĴ󣬵ϾҲһܹӳСӡ
ʱߣͺ߸˿ϵؽж޵Ŀռ֮شԱҪʱ䣬ò˵߲ʽڶڿռ䷨򣬿νǵһ¯ĵز·ҲǼ޿ռ䷨򣬵ÿζǽôһ˿Ҳ޷õͷƻ߲ʽڡ
쵰ɶ߲ʽڣ̫ƻˡƬ̵׷𣬷ƵҲԽԽ䣬Ҳ֪ûа취ģ߲ʽ츳ͨſռ䷨йأһǿԽֽܹ֮ƵԷһѾǺֲˣˣûа취
Ҳǲһֱڼ䣬ҲҪѰһᣬϽܺһˣΪҲʮֵƺͺڻ֮ԸΥǣһнǰϣ˵ϣ
ǾԲĴУ߲ʽΪ̵˲ûˣʱɾͲ룡
ԣÿνжʱҲǲźۼһ߲ʹâ£ȥڱ֤Լǰ֮£ܹԷܴУȻò顣
Ƶĺãһ۱ǿҲסԲܻңҪסߵĶȻöԷ֣ôԼĿ


2261 նɱ
ڻϣһ֣նɱ
ȻشڻΪƾòͷ߲ʽڼС𣬷ȻᷢһЩ顣
ã
ڻĻشˣΪҲ֪ڴݲ̫Ŀǣһ־һҪնɱ߲ʽڣ
鼱֮£Ҳ˼ԼĴ㣬߲ʽľǿռ䷨ôֻҪԼǿִطĿռ䷨Ȼ˵ûа취ܹ־ܣǱȻ߳һЩʧ
Ƶ濪ʼֳһ˿˿âЩâÿһϸָͷһ㣬ֱӵû˿ռ֮ʧȻһеϸ΢ȴߡ
һƶ췣֮ʱƱȽϺƴΪƻ֣Ӵ췣֮Լͻڴڶ֮УϾ˼ɶƵС
Ƭ֮䣬ڷȻռ֮е߾ѾٵһĻߵҲûвǺڻһֱڹעŷƵĶ
Ȼٶʲôԭ򣬵ҲһֱʱȴŷƵɫ仯ֻҪһ񣬾Ϳֱӵִ춯ص
ⲻ֪ԼѾ𽥵ص˷ƵȦ֮УʱΪɹļıеңͷƳһ۷ƣֶԷϵâԽԽ貣Ҳǵһ
һԲСӣ
췣֮е֮˶е־壬һԴĿ־壬𼶱ĴڣҲֳļ֮ο߻ûеǸء
ƾʱˣǲ΢΢ʱʱֵӰа¾еܡ
ʱ΢΢תͷźڻʹһ񣬺Ȼᣬ±ֱӵŭһǲڵĺɫ棬ʱǲϵرǣ󣬺ڻ˶ΪɫĻ档
Ǹߴĺɫ棬𽥵γһͷģޣ̬Ϊ׺ݣһ˫ע߲ʽڣֱӵ˺ҧȥ֮죬ͬ
ʱ򣬷Ҳûͣսڣƺ̺ԴԴϵŭ𣬾Ȼһ߲ʽڶΪ֮һ㶡
ģֹɲ˵ġŭҲǲҴ⣬Ӱٵǰ߲ʹһС룬ֻҪٸƬ̵ʱ䣬ܹȫؿС
Ȼһ̣ȴͻȻط֣ǰһĿռƺǳһε޷ǰ֣
ģﻹнƣ߼ֱܻһȫû뵽ѾǵһҪ˺Ȼǲܵ¡
Ҫ֪󣬿ǻзƺͺڻĿһһͷ룡
Ҳ޴֮ˣʱҲûлң֮ӿֹһĨݣнƣǾͺƲɽǽܴе˶Բ¡
ҪƿƣֻҪ㹻ͿԣҲӿֳһ貵ĽɫâطĿռ䷨໤ںһ𣬾ȻҲΪƵ
䣡
һ죬߾ȻֱӵضŽƳˣƿһĻеЦʢ㲻֣Ⱦʱ̣
Ȼһ̣úڻоǣߵӰȻǱطҲ˹һ֮ϣŷЧ߲ʽڵһȻûгɹƵԼԿ
ٺ٣Լģ
ɫĮȻһֱҪȴĻᣬΨ׽ס߲ʽڵ˲ʧ󣬲ܹγɻɱ
˵ҲǼ䷴Ӧ֪ԼûпƿǸˣвʣҲûа취ĹѾǼ٣ٲ㿪ֱӳµĹ
ˣҿ㻹ǳ׵ɣĮȻȻиһĨĸоûعһ̣ΧĿռʱǱ˺ѣһâǴб
ЩâȻǷƵ췣֮һֱڿռ֮У߲ʽҲûзֱղһ˲䣬Ʋǽһȫ
ЩâûжĹҷҲûЩâܹ˺߲ʽڣҪЧЩâγһƣܹһ̣Ҳ㹻ˣ
ȻƵ뷨ɹˣЩâڳ֮Ѹٵؽ֯һֱӵسΪһâ鲼ߵܣܶûͻΧĻᣡ


2262 ׹ػ
ʱߵΧǲâЩâѸٵγһǵضĴֱӵؽ߶У
һĻͻȻı仯ȻߵľţʱԼΪӶƬ̵Ļôͻغ
ɶΪܹסô
ŭһҲصҴѾǸɽƬ̣ܹɽۣǾ͵ɣ
ԣƺͺڻһ𣬶ԷȻô죡
Բκӡŭеսⱬɱ⣬ֱɽƺΪ֮һʱķƻ貵âƣͬһս
ڻʾ˱̬ӵ˼£֮ռ䶼Ǳһεĸ£һӵеƣ
ߵɫһĨţԺڻҲ䵽³Ա߻һ˿غڻбԼǿķƣ
γɣν̣߰ܲϵŤĺۼҲֱӵƿһĽǶȼǿ˵Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ԹĹ
ڳ̺Ϊ췣֮Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ѾֱӵزסߣǼ䣬۵âɽߵҲǲϵر췣֮ʴ޷Ƭ̡
췣֮ʱΪµƻȻ߲ʽƿ˲ֽ֮Ҳ޿ɱܹߣӺοͬҲǰеʩչʱ䷨ʱʱɧһߣ޷רĶԸ췣֮
䣡
ŷƵĹ£һ̺ڻĹҲǽͬһĺɫ棬һƬʣͬһͷ͵ͻݺݵߡ

ߣʱҲ̲סĺͬʲô˵ĥһ㡣
ƿһĻɵüڻЩɫЩ찡
Щɫ棬ֻǶһ˺ѡڻҲǺٺһЦƿصĺɫ棬צħʲôڤǿˣ
ԣƵ˵ͷֺɫԼմȾϣҲǼΪһмΪеĺȻÿһ𣬶ô׶Ըġ
ʱɽɽ֮ϣĺɫ治ϵиŴ۵â˸ؿµߵǲҽҲԽԽ΢
һĻֱǿ׵ػݣôֶͨ죬ҲӲԷôҲƿһֽĴڣҲǰ׻ɱܻҪһʱ䡣
ţͻȻ֮䣬ɫ΢ԼȽһɫüΪٴһ㣡
ô£ڻҲز죬鷢չ˵ֵزһϸڣҲӡ
ǽɽ¹˶þغһڻɫҲͬرأΪƿ˵ǣָ߲ʽڣ
ȫһôڻ΢˫һĨɫ߲֮ͨеӰǸӡ
û˵ϢҲǻתСӰ૵ҲֻǶһ˰
µ񣬷Ѿû·֪С𾿾ҪʲôʱܹɽܴУԼûмǴĻСѾǽɽóһʱ䣬пʱѹ
ǣڻûѹ֮ǰĴνʮֵΣգҪľǣСѹ֮ǰֿλ߲ʽڵֹ
Ǿ͵ɣҴϾˣâ֮еƺҲǸӦʲôǱǷ˿ЦȻԼĴͬҲǺܲųŵԼֵ
Ǿɣ
ɫһ䣬â֮б췣ԼڻֽȻͬµϵطն¶˼ΪʹߣҲһĨɱ⡣
ҪУ
ƻƣڵĿռңңһգ
Ҫʲô߿㶯жʱҲһֲĸо
ʱһǧҿ㻹γܣЦѣʱѾǿʼʱ䷨Ȼܱߵʱٶ˲ӿ쵽һΪµĳ̶ȣ

һǵ飬߱Ǵ˸ΪĲҽֽȻͬϵʴ壬ʱʱ䷨ĸţһӱش


2263 
ڷƵǿƳ֮£߸ǵֿ˶ãͬҲܹռ䷨ԼڷƵʱ䷨ǰһжֽͬһ㣬Ϊ
Ƭ֮߱ǷһĽϢ𽥵΢ȥ
貵âͺɫӿ𽥵ʧ𽥵һ佹ڵӴʬ壬Ȼ߲ʽڵı壡
߲ʽ
ʱ֮ͨ·Ű˵ɫâڼǰͻȻ֮Ǳͣ¶𾪵ɫ
ߡˣ
Ϊ׵һɫӰʱŭ⣬ֱɽۣȻ˻ɱˣ˭
ҲǼΪ𾪣Ĺ֮أƿؽǣǾ޵еĴڣΪ˰֣ƾŽ֮ҲܹѹסڻЩǿߣ
ѵѾǻ˴Уһɫʵ
ûУǽ˴Уǻֱӵʧȥƿؽ֮ȴûУҲ˵˻ûнܴУǻûгɹ
Ϊ׵һɫӰҲǻ˻֣ӿٶȣֻҪɽ׷ʲô飬ȻҶɱ֣˭ѶԷң
ʱߵӰɱڵɽ۽ɽɽ֮ϣƿѾһŽڵʬ壬üͷȥһۣʱǷ֣ڽڵʬ֮Уɢһ΢Ĺâ
ףƾɳҲǵͷƸֳһ΢Ĺâֱӵ̽ǹԴڵĵطҲ߲ʽڵ֮
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵбǳһɢâĶһͬˮһĶȴ̺һּΪµ÷档
߲ʽڵ࣬Ϊ̺߲ʽеˣҲʧڻһЦ
߲ʽڵࣿƶʱɫһϲⲻԼǧҪѰҵĶô
㲻ҪѰҵĶɣڻ¶һɵɫŷơ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǽһ߲ʽڵڿɲоʱҪ֪ʱпܣͻ߲ʽڽ٣ʱĴͻüΪΣˡ
ܲʩչһЩƣþǶáڻҲ¶ǵɫڵ߲ʽڣƾ˵ʵ׵նɱе߲ʽڣô˾ǲģ
ûõģǼûʲôƿǣùѡҡҡͷҲ̾һ
ڻĬֻ֪ƴһˣ
˶û˵ڵȴţСǷܹѹƶûȥʱ߲ʹȴͻȻһ£һ㶯Ȼơ
ףǿҪѵļô̽һҲ¶ϲɫ
ȷʱ߲ʹҲǻؿʼȻҲǿС΢ضһ£ֵļҲܹ֤СҲǼѹ
һĻȻ÷ƺͺڻһ£ǰΪȷСʲôʱܹѹڿȥʱпѹ
СһѹôʹŵľѾȫؽܴϣôʱ򼴱߲ʽڣҲûκεʱܹǽ֣
üһϣɴˣڻҲǼû
ȰɣƲöãĴоѾرС̳УʱҿЩ߲ʽڻʲôʸţҲǹЦ
䣡
Ȼʱһ޴Ǵ˵ΪµϢȻسɽɽ֮ϣõ÷ƺͺڻеЦΪ̡֮
߲ʽڣϤ٣
𽥳ֵİ˵ɫӰҲһֲ˵ֱӵ̤ǰһͷųƣվ߲ʹǰźڻ˳׵ס
ڻ룬Ȼǣ
Щ߲ʽһ֮󣬱ǿڵϵĽʬ壬ȻǵߣΪ׵һͷ޴ɫӰҲǷ˷ŭΪ˺ڻʱվǰ
ףôһ߲ࣿʽҲǷ˲֮طȻ࣬ҿȥڻƺŶԷһ
߲ʽҲǲǱޣմʱǰ΢Ʋһ֮󣬱ǲ²࣡
ɶ񣬺ڻ϶ȻߣҪʬΣΪ׵һͷ߲ʽڶʱǱǿϢ


2264 ɱ
ʣİͷ߲ʽһοǱŭףǰǺڻѾǣˣ
ǵҲһ߲â֮УСӰڶ߲ʽڵɫҲ͵һ䣡
ֹֹΪ׵߲ʽϴҲ˫ĿŭɣСܴпǵ˼ΪؼһӵĻ߲ʽ³ɾͱˡ
ȺˣȥʹСүͬⲻͬ⡣һȻǲ߲ͬʽڵҪСй
䣡
һ죬ͬ׾߲ʽڵУһɽɽ֮еǳâͬɫһ㣬Ĵߣƾͬһһ㣬ڰգһȺ߲ʽս
ƺ˷ƵӰ죬ڻҲǿЦһ̤ܶǰϧ߲ʽ֮£һֱϣΪǰںĽ߲ʽڣ
𼶱ǿߣȴǱһȺ벽۵߲ʽڻܣǺεȵĳ裬պڻҪһѩǰܣ
ߣһ°ܽһһ࣬Ҳͼսǣ߲ʽŭȣͷų貵ĹâƼΪˣǼ䣬ɽɽ֮ϣȴ˷Ƶ׷֮ڻĺɫ棬ǼΪµĽɫâ֯һ
ɽĶ̫ˣĹ֮صڴʱܹܵõе޶ľعض£ɽ֮ͷųƣûһֵܹ̫ǿˣ
ҪʼսôӰ˰գһ˫ü壬ƺ˼ʲôƬ̹Ҳ̾Ϣһʲôһ㣬ҲǱɽڵķȥ
ʥ߶ǰȥɽˣ
ģŴ𣬻кʥߣǴʱɽĪǷʲôô
һʱ֮䣬оǾ˵ƣۿźʥҲֱȥڵͬʱʼۣ½һдҪˣ
ɽɽ֮ϣʮӰڰ֮Уͷųµƽп⣬ûһȶ֣ȻϲּϵʱԽãԽ
ԭƿһֽˣѹܹɱߡΪ׵߲ʽϴҲɭɭؿŷƣڷƵϣ˿ʱ䷨򲨶
ϲ顣ƵһЦȻԷȶ֣ڻҲǼš
ʱһһعȥͷ߶һֱڽ֣߲ʽа಻סһֱӵŭȥˣնɱȻȥֹ˽ܴУ
Ϊ׵߲ʽϴһ£Ҳǻ˻֣һĨ׺ݵЦݣɱǣ
ĺͷҲһۣ׷ͷŭϵĽɫâΪ貣ƣ𽥵ؽ貵âҲǲص
Сĵ㣬ЩҪƴˣȻֱӵض˱״̬ڻɫҲǳǰ߲ʽڿɻûչ¶̬һ뱾̬սǻϲ٣
ֻǾһսɣҲǵͳ˲٣԰λӵн߲ʽڣҲ˵ѹƶԷһֻʱ䣡
ڻҧ˵ͷĺɫҲǲϵظǣһӴӰٶȳڻ֮УڻҲֱӵʩչ˱̬һҪƴ״̬
ʱ߲ʽڵıǳ˷ƵǰӴ˫֣ϵĽɫâͬһ㲻ϵһ˫޴˫޾⣬ֱŷơ
΢࣬ɣ
ȶֵ߲ʽڣΪ׵ϴ֮£Ȼ⻹ͷ߲ʽڰһ֣ĿǷƣ
ƶʱϯɽۣͷ߲ʽڵ֣Ҳŭһսⲻϵȼû˿ȴһս
ʱڻԵľʣµ߲ʽڣȻΪ𼶱ǿߣʵϺڻҪ֣ѹҲǷǳش
䣡
γɵսȦѾǿʼ˽֣޾â˸ɫ𣬸ǽɫâϵر˺Ŀռ䣡
ս֮£ɽǿʼ˲ɽ֮ǿĽػĵطʱ򣬶Ѿǻ
߲â֮еСѾǵ˽ܴеĹؼʱ̣ʱһ˾ŵܴʧܣֱӵڴ˵أ
սԽңҲԽԽӴ󣬶ɽɽ£һɫӰڼٵǰȥ


2265 ļ
䣡
ֵľϵɽɽۻϵĹ֮صޣʱ˿κζһֽҿɽ棬棬ֱӽĹ֮Ϊƽأ
ûκһ޲²⵽ʱɽɽ֮ڽһս
ݵĺը֮ɽ֮ҲǳһĻݵļž֮ɽ۵ʮӰȻطɢھƬ̵ս֮˫ǸһЩۡ
ƴʱѪϵشŴ˫۽ضǰΧԼͷ߲ʽڣڸղŵĶ֮УѾѹͷ߲ʽڣȴǸ˲صĴۡ
Ȼ췣֮壬ͷ߲ʽҲ׶Ըղǵ֮£ֻҪ΢һʧ񣬾ͻֱӵرɱˡ
ˣͷ߲ʽҲòȥƿص췣֮ǴżĴڣǱմȾһ˿Ҳ㹻ͷۣԴʱͷ߲ʽڻͬҲѪۣһֵŷơ
ô߲ʽһֱͳĹ֮أǺڻĳ֣Ҳûܹǳ˵ƣǷһˣܵصʧ
ۺڻһߣ˽֮Уĺڻһս˾Ÿ߲ʽڲŻʧܣֻ߲ʽڣѹ࣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳʧܡ
߲ʽƿ˽Ƶ֮ϱѾռƣҲܹźڻһƽ֣һߵսҪǡ
һսƽڷһߣֻҪһս˭ӮˣʹȫʤȻһСûѹǰ֮¡
߲ʽڵҲǲκӣȻƺǳԾţǿҲֻһˣԼǿߣֻҪȡʱ䣬նɱ˷ƣôһжǳ䶨
ʱ䷨򣬵նɱ֮ٽѻ꣬ʱ䷨Ϊ׵߲ʽϴҲһЦʱ䷨ǸղںͷƵĶԾ֮г˲ٵĿͷʱȻǸӵǿ
磬ϻʱְɣһͷ߲ʽҲǶݺݵصڸղŵĶս֮УΪУǱնһ˫ŭ𲻶ϡ
ͷ߲ʽҲһۣٶһ֣ʱ֮䣬֮нɫâҫµٶϯ
ҲֻǿЦȻʱȥȷܹ߲ʽڴƽʱȴʮֵ״˶ã
һ֮ͷ߲ʽڣһѾǷǳزˣƲɵ۽Ƴ߲â֮УҲһĨεĿЦ
ôҪȥһڵٵתǰǿµƽһ˲临ԭٶǻָ۷壡
䣡
ٶϯ˷߲ʽٴɱһ𣬸ʩչǿʵ֮£ǷҲǲ˿֡
飡
һ𣬽ɫâɫâ֯붸ȻըһӰǵɶڰ֮һĿĵѪۣ
ƵصڵϣʱΪңϵ˿ڽǿԿɭɫĹͷڷƵӰͬʱڰ֮еĽɫâͬҲЩ
ĵܣ
һŭһӴ߲ʽڴӰ֮кݺݵص£ڴʱЦǴƶʹҲûб
ղţƴΪصһͷ߲ʽ֣һս֮ȻԼˣҲǳɹնɱ˶Էһͷ߲ʽڣ
һ˻һ
ֵˣ룬ԼˣֻҪܹ߲ʽʧһôԼͻлᣡ
ɶ࣬Ҫɱ㣡
Ϊ׵߲ʽڱһŭѾͷ߲ʽڱնɱˣȴޣƽ
ɱΪߺĵܱ𣡡
ɱ
һʱ֮䣬ʣͷ߲ʽڶǸӶǳűߵɫ߲ʽĹ֮ʮ꣬ڽȴֱӵرɱһͬһ֣
ҿڻôӣΪ׵߲ʽϴҲض˲ķЦ
ȻʱһɫӰֱٶƿ˽ƣֱӵسɽɽ֮ϣͬҲͷų˿Ϣһ˷Ƶߡ
㣿߲ʽڵȵ±ɫ


2266 
ȻǺʥߣҲ꣡
ĳ֣˵߲ʽڣƶһ£ʱˣѾͷʲô
ĳ֣ڳȻҲǳһžڻҲͣսһɫͻȻֵ꣡
߲ʽ˵ȻʲôܣͻȻ߲ʽڸое㲻
꣬պȻˣΪͷӸµһΪԵôߣ߲ʽ֮еϴɫֱ࣬ӵŭ
ǣȻǶȡ֮󣬵һ㿪һͷ߲ʽҲŭ
û˵֮нضЩ߲ʽڣмصƾǣŽһǸɱƣ
һνǽı뺷ȫ˳ǷƣҲû뵽Ȼô磬߲ʽڣҲû˿ӡ
һҲ߲ʽڱˣʵǺͷйϵҲ˵ɽ棬ҲΣ
ߣ͸йϵ˰ɡ߲ʽڵϴɫһ¾ÿɲˣڣǲˡ
ΪһɱҲʮֵؿ־塣
ôҲˣ̫ΣˡƿЦ׼ʹĵˣû뵽ͻȻɱ⵹е⡣
ϻʧˣ³Ҳһôʱ뺷̶ȼֱ÷ƺգһһȻ꿴ȥǺᡣ
ƿЦѣⷬ˵Ĳ٣һηƵĶʧˣСܴҲʧܣôܹ߲ʽڻ˴УһػôУǵƿĹ֮صĽƣʱĻҲʧȥá
ʮ֮һֱƽ£ؼԭΪźµĻֻҪһͷͿԴĹ֮صĽƣʱƵһͻĹ֮ض߲ʽڵȶҪһᣡ
в֮£߲ʽȻǲɵȥ鷳߲ʽһȡ˴УƿƣϵһȻҲʧȥ壬ʱҲһ
ˣ
ʱɽͻȻǿʼƺ߲ʽͬӦһ㣬̧ͷ߲â֮С
̫ˣС𽥵˽ܴУѵļ󡣡ϲ⣬¶Цݣͬʱ߲ʽڵȵиɱŷǺͷƶͬʱظоɽ֮Ľ𽥵ؿʼ˱仯
磬ô죬ȥĻǺǲһͷ߲ʽڴʵȷۿС𼴽ѣôʱǾͻΪ˴׵ĸ򣬶һû˿ķ
߲ʽΪ׵ϴû˵ǻ˸ղţֱӵط˹ô࣬ˣңȥģһĴһĹ֮ضǻ֮УͬҲһ
֪ôԴлƴһ
ϴҿǲˣǳǿ϶ǲʱ༴ܴϣϣ϶ǲ㴥ʱԱߵ߲ʽȴǸһЩ
Ϊ׵ϴǰһ仰˵ûǰΪĹ֮أǣûκλ뿪˵صĿԣڲһ룬ֻҪһܴϣôп뿪ʱ꣬ѾǾûǰ־ģ
Ҳ˵ֻҪʱ߲ʽڲֱӵطɱˣôԳĻᣬֹôУʱԼһǿԻʤ
ûϴĵܺ߶Ǹɱˣٲ֣Ҳһͷ߲ʽҲɭɭص
߲ʽڵϴ¶һĨɫ־ǵ־һпܶĵһ
϶ֶԸСӣѸסĶϰ˺ϾżסڻǸϲ
ⷬſνǼΪΪ߲ʽڶǿˣڵķƣȻնɱģҲǸӦĴֻۣҪô껹Ǻڻ붼޷ܹвǣ
Ȼڿ߲âȴһֱڹע߲ʽڵĶȻʱȴǶȻһĨڴͬʱ߲ʽ


2267 
꣬˺󣡡
һŭ𣬰ͺڻǰǰһֱע߲âı仯ûע⵽߲ʽڵĶ
ֹһĨңæ˺û뵽ǰ԰вھȻʧȥãҿȥԷֱӵԼ
ʵҲ߲ͬʽ²ǰ㣬ȷǲ˵ǲң˵ǲ̣ΪǰһϣҪˣܹ뿪Ĺ֮صϣѰô
Ȼᣬ߲ʽҲǲ¶ˣҲɫӰɱƿһĻҲˣЩ߲ʽڿ˷ҲҪһΣ
꣬˺ǵĿң
ŭҪȥ׷ɱ߲ʽڣȻһ̣ɫӰԼӿĽɫâ˲䵲ǰ档
ˣԼҲǻǵУ߲ʽڵϴݺݵضŷƵǰȫʢ״̬ķƣ϶ǾԲ³çڷΪնɱѾǸ˴ۣ˵ķƣȫûв
ڻǰͷӦ˹һ֣ǰȻʱȴһɫâֱӵԽ
ȥ׷꣬Ǹϲ
ڻסˣĸ߲ʽҲ˲ؽһ񣬱ǸĿ׷ɱȥʱ֮䣬սٶ죡
ɽɽ㹻󣬶ҲǷӦ죬߲ʽ㹻ľ룬ڻѾٶȿʼ˽֣Ȼûǰѹһʱ֮϶Ҳǳ鲻ȥԮ꣡
ٺ٣ôңΪƾܹôƳһۣȻҲЩ߲ʽڵļıҲǲɵҡͷЦ
ǻˣһıܹɹ߲ʽȴ֪ڷƵϣһĵƣΪƵĴڣղǲϧˣҲҪնɱһͷ߲ʽڣ
Сӣ㻹Ҫ翹ôɣڵ״̬ŲƬ̣Ϊ׵߲ʽϴҲɭɭһЦŷƻµѪۣ϶һηƾһ
ԡ΢΢ƸղžҪʩչˣȴΪĳֶˣʩչ˵ŸõЧ
ϴ󣬸ôϻʲôɱˣ궼Ҫܼ尾һͷ߲ʽҲɷصŷƵͬҪسԵһ㡣
ͷ߲ʽһۣ֪ʣʱҲǲ࣬ҲǲԸӣʱ֮£ɫâٶȱǿҵâſµɱ⣬ϯ
Ӵ߲ʽӰϵųŷɱȥһ³׵ط˷Ƶȥ·߲ʽҲ׼һ׼ڵķ룬ô̷ԼĿ꣬תնɱ
Ϊ߲ʽڶǺ꣬ǺڻǵĹǾǷƣֻҪһôʣµǣȻҲûжвҪҲν
߲ʽڵ겻ңʱ򲻸ң
ȻϵǣûнκεضܣȻȻر˫˾ڰ֮Уλ߲ʽڵĹȫ޾壬񵵵Ķû
һ£λ߲ʽˣô£ѵ֪˲ֱͣӷֿȻܣ߲ʽҲţ
ѾǷλ߲ʽٶȲȻƲҲǾֱɣ
ĻԴôȻǲܵģ֮˫ֿʼѸٵؽӡ濪ʼֳһĨʵâ
ʱ֮䣬һµԷƵʹ÷ǽ׹ǵһֿµٶڸԭҲϵƣϢҲǲϵػָ۷壡
ƵĵƾǷ
ҲǷΪʲôƴˣҲҪնɱԭ߻ʽ˵Լһ㣬ֻҪԼһ
ҲǷƴһʼеĴ㣬Ϊ뵽߲ʽڣ֮£ƾԼΪ϶޷ԸôʱֻҪŷ
һ˲䣬ƵѾѸٵظԭǿ쵽߲ʽڵȶûзӦǿƱٶڷƵڱ
ģңֺγЩɱСүȥɣЦվµĽɫâгϷʡ
һ£ֵ߲ʽڻˡ


2268 ǿ
ƴʱȻٶȻָ۷壬ǰһ̻ƼΪأһ֮䣬Ʊٶת䣬߲ʽڵȲľ
Ҫ֪۷״̬ķƣܹͷ߲ʽڵΧ֮£ܹնɱĵĴڣΧΨͷ߲ʽڣһˡ
״̬֮£߲ʽڵľһӾǱƣ
ƵϢת䣬ڳ˶ľѣ⵽ʲôȻڻЦϼһֱӷƣǷֵԼǿ͸ƣ
ҿѣȻΪУ̫ˡͷںڻһŷƵٶȸԭڻƱøΪֱͣͷ߲ʽڽп಻
궼֮вϵųֹâƶ˵һĪƺⷢһжڷƵ֮У
磬ô죿
һӣ߲ʽ֮бǳ˻ңǿƵķƣȴǿʼ岻ˣܹնɱģȻҲܹٴƴ˽һնɱ
ңٶˣ֪ûʲôĵƣֱͬӵתƣ˲ı죿
߲ʽڵϴ˳˼ȷһ̣ҶˣѾۺõĹҲΪ֮ɢȥ͸˷ƵĵӣٴóȻ֣Կǡ
ʱˣСǿţʱĻ֣Ų˶ã
Ƭ̣߲ʽڵȱѾ˾Ϊʱ߲âĲԽԽǿңбøӲһһӰĽ˺ĴУôǽûκεϣֱ䣡
ͷ߲ʽԣҲҧٶɷؿŷƣͬǰ㣬ôһǷӲţ
ʱ֮䣬Ľɫâٶɽÿһɫâͬ޿ײУһƬһƬռ䶼˺ѳƬȿµ÷Ϊ֮Ŀ
ЩһȻеŵġȥ߲ʽƿصĽǱ̺츳ͨռ䷨ƣҲʵ
ԣȻǸоΪ鷳ǷƲһΪͬҲռ䷨򣬶ôһϤԼôأ
̧֣Ǽ䣬âһҲֱӵش߶çİ壬ٶȱһߵģ治ϵźɫ·ĳ⣬ΪǿԷƵ
߲ʽ˿ãǹƸΪԽ֣ԽǼţʱƸǼֲ˶ãһжǱ¶ļ
Ȼû뵽ǣҪĲǻҪֱӵٴնɱһͷ߲ʽڣ
ǰĺ̵رնɱɵ廹ԶԶеɱӿֶ貵â֮Уһߺ϶Ϊһֱӵ߲ʽһ
䣡
ıըϣǸĺڻ˵սȦҲǱȵ̳ˣΪ̫ˣǿ̫ᲨԼ
Ϊƺ߲ʽڵĹ֮ж̺Ĺ֮صĽΨһͬľǣһʱ䷨һǿռ䷨ֽȻͬȴǴŸԼµһ𣬱Ϊµ
֮һƬɫâ£ʱʱһ˿˿ɫâ߲ʽڵŴ̶һ̣˵ɽĹ֮ضڲ
飡
ֵֽڳԼĪƬ֮仯һ£һմѪ۵ľ޴ӰǴݺݵɽ֮ϣ
Ȼһͷ߲ʽڣֻʱȫǴĿĵ˺ۣһµûУɴ˿Կ˺۲£߲ʽӴ棬Ѿܵ˲
һͷ߲ʽڵܣ֮еսȦҲʱֹͣڲ֮УȻһûܹɹնɱһͷ߲ʽڣҲشˣǷӦ͵ˣ
һȺ߲ʽڣû˽СүһǾŸƳһ˵߲ʽڣҲŵЦ仰ȻеˣҲ١
ŷţʣµ߲ʽڿԹ޶޷ȷͬ˵һûнǣ˵Ƿƣһڻ㹻ԶԸ
Ƶǿ߲ʽԽܣû뵽ϣ滹з


2269 
ٴնɱ߲ʽڣ
ڻλ㵵ؿڰ֮ͬսһķƣпνǾ֣ڷûг֮ǰ߲ʽȻǿƿ˽߲ʽȴͬһɷĵĴɽѹĹ֮صͷϡ
գԼжȥ֤ɷԽ޵У
Ȼٴնɱһͷ߲ʽڣȻҲ˲ƣȻԼƻƾǣԼԵѹٶȼ٣Ψͷ߲ʽ
ͷ߲ʽڶ˿壬οͷ
΢΢Ǳ׵ͷ߲ʽڣ֮һĨϷʣҲңҿԼƿʱ䷨ȻһԵˡ
ΣҶҪɱ㣡ͷ߲ʽ֮һͷȻѾǱƴ̼ıˣɫâϵţ̺ŸΪµơ
϶Ҫʲô
ƺһ˿Ծͷ߲ʽΪ׵ϴҲŭΪоԼĶܣڵƺǱøӿˣȴǸһֲĸо
磬ϣͻƵģԲðգҪΪλȥĵܱܵǸԼĴۣ϶Ӱøӵ貣һ̣ͬһһ㣬ɢſµâԼǺ˵¶ȡ
ƶʱɫͱˣвϵһƺҪԱķʽԼͬھô
£˱ǲϵ˺󣬱ЩļһҪһЩʲô飬Ҫ֪Ѿ˵״̬һпܱʹڶηˡ
϶㣡ƺǲ϶ϵĿϢ̺һζΪ׵߲ʽϴҲŭ棬һȺ߲ʽ棬һžȫǰ벽۵ĴڣΪ׵Ϊʣǲ̤һܹسɵ
磬ùңֻҪͻˣպɱСӣΪǱɣ϶޸飬貵Ľɫâ֮УͻȻµĽɫȻؽٶ£ֱڵĵط
Ϊ£ǷƶԶԶģҲһ˲ѾǱ׷ϣ֮ռ䶼ǱΪµĺɫѺۡ
Сүᣡɫ˸ҲѸٵ˷Ӧ̫ˣûκ÷ƽжµİ취ҲֻٶʩչֱӲ
䣡
һͬһϵɽǲˣƺűļڶǿ߽ӶĿը֮£ɽ֮ŽƵҲֲ֧˶á
꣡
ܿ죬Ľɫâٶȱһ貵ɫ˺ѣƵӰٴγ֣һǰһ㣬ͬǻָ۷壡
˿ƴʱ״̬вɵøΪ𺳣⾿ʲôȻһٵʩչԭ˵ָôѵûκƣ
ƽעŶԼֵ߲ʽڣҲɱ죬ʩչҪķѵԼȻ˲֪ģһʩչôһεĽһεʮ
Ҳ˵ڶʩչ˷Ǻķǿ벽ۣӵһӾ꣬˭ۣ
µ״ͷ߲ʽҪԼϧԱһķʽնɱԼ
𣡡
һͷ߲ʽŭϵĽɫâͬһ㣬ϵطȻȼգϢҲǱøӿһߵŭ֮Ӵֱӵس˷ڵķ
ԷƴƵҲǸֳһĨŭ⣬ԱʲôЦΪܹԼ˺ô
ֱӵش߶췣֮壬һ߲ʽڲϵڰ֮нսΪңڽ벻ϧȼԼս߲ʽڣԵѹǷǳؾ޴
ʱͺڻսڽţΨһûжֵ߲ʽ֮еһϴ󣬴ʱȴǹվ˰У̬Īرˡ
ǵزӴʬ壬ͻɫߣǴʱϧȼ϶˵ؿƺǾñסһ
ûжԷƳ֣Ҳûжͺڻ֣һ߲âĲԽԽǿңҲͬɫƺҪһ㡣
Ȼһ̣ڳǿ߶͵һһµĸоƺĵ֮ضΪ֮ͬоģ½֮ϵʥڶǿߣˣԼԼزһ˿ס


2270 ͻƣ
磬еǿжһĪĸָоͺУضǳֲܶˣǻȵһǿ߶𺳣
Ҫͻˣ
һɽ֮ϣСӴŭ𣬰벽ۼĴڻӦǿңǶЩ˵ָӦΪǿң
ǵģҲͬоˡСԱߵĿռ䶸Ȼѣһɵģٶȳ֡
˭ôͻȻͻƵףС޴˫֮͸¶һ˿⣬֮۷ź֪֮ܶ࣬ȴûһǵôһ
֪ҪǷƻڵĻͺˡĬһ¡
˷֣С϶ȻرǿҵϢͬһ񣬺ݺݵضĳҧгݵصٹһʱ䣬ȵĸ֮ʱ
Ĭ˵Դӷһʧ֮󣬱Ϣ˻ʸ˶ǼΪŭվȻǱ͵ϮȻҶ԰ȫȴʧˣ
˶֪ûΪ˻ʸķûѣȴһֱûϢˣҲǳ׵ضŭڻĴ֮£ʼ˼Ϊҵķˣ
ȵùľ壬ǲ壬ɷʧٵҪ֣ҲǱҪĿ꣬ȴΪԷʵһȻƾһû
ⲢС˷෴ͬĹʵչһЩıԵľȣ
Ȼһд½֮еķƱȻǲ֪ʧ֮νǱǰǿõ磬ǰ½Ϊ֮𺳣
Цõ˻ʴͱǸƻˣôУѾǲ壬һЩصǿߣҲ̵رնɱúܶ˶Զڼ۷壬ƺҪˡ
½Ϊ׵һȺǿߣǾۼһΪͬҲǸоµĲشĽƺǳһ˿ɶ
һж˵ҪͻƣӰ벽۵ļͻƳΪشۣ
ǻ費Ի͵Զʢһ벽ͻƣȻǲôǿ߹עǴʱһ㰡һͻƳɾ˴ۣǾζصĽʧڶǿȻҲָܹʵ
Ϊʥֲϸѯ֮£־Ȼʥһ²㵣æٻеǿߡ
ʥĪǷƣһʡ
˷Ƶ֣ȶ˳˼ɫһȷǲ٣ΪҲͬǼͻƣǷƴʱѾǽĹ֮أûκϢ
ҲܣͻƣôҪԤǣħķˣؽƵʧȻشҲָܹΪʱ޷սʤԼӿѰħ䣡
Ҳ뵽˸⣬Ǿһֱеǵħ𣬴ʱֻʲô㡣
½һ֮ϣһȫڵӰЦһݵӰľګؿ
ͻˣͻˣŰɣȺ˵
Ĺ֮صķƣʱͬҲʮֵؾ㵣ΪΧǷһ˿Ѱı仯һеԴͷǰ߲ʽΪ׵ϴ
ƣ죡ֹڽͻƣڻ𼶱ĴڣȻҲܹܵһЩߣҲŭ
ͻƣ
͵һ㶣Щ߲ʽڶǰ벽۵ĴڣһͻƵĻǴۣ
֮£ͻƳΪ۵Ļ̺˼ʵ̫ˣ
ͷ߲ʽھȻִ󱯵״̬֮£ײؽͻƵĽ׶Σʵ֮⣬ֺϺ
䣡
֮ȴͻȻһף˺˲񷣬ֻһ췣ŷڵ޹ϵش췣ԵҪͻƵ߲ʽڣ
ģǲܹͻƣһȻò²ⶼܹϵ߲ʽҪͻƣԵ췣Ҳ򵥣ΪµľԲ췣Ǵ
ô˵ƶŶԷͻƣҪֹ߲ʽڵͻƣһͻƳɹһϵк̫ˣĹ֮أ½磬ܵӰ죡
ƺ˷ƵͼǽȼԼ϶ҲǷŭֹҴͻƣ΢࣬Ҵͻ֮ʣɥʱ򣡡


2271 ѣ
ǣɽɽ֮ϳһĻǹڰ֮һͷ߲ʽĬĬڲ񷣬ͷ֮ϣһһźѹѹۣһɼΪǿȻ
췣֮ΪµǴ벽ҪĻǰԶʢԵĿܾ췣ǻʱǴ
𼶱Ĵڣ췣οǴ
һ߲ʽڵĽһδ֪֮ܲͻƶһֵÿǵ⣬Ƶ˲Ҷģһ߲ʽİǴӶΪĴۣǺƼֱǲ
Ҫƴǰȥһͷ߲ʽȴǷһеڷƵǿ¹֮£Ѿ¶˰󣬵ȴɲˣҪͷս
СүƱԷţҲŭԷȻһˣѾȼǿԼҪѸٵؽԷҲǲܵ顣
˵ʱΪҪҪȥԷ
΢࣬Ǿ͵ɣ߲ʽ֮е϶ϢǼΪزңڷǽĹ֮£ֲܱѾǺˡ
Ȼʱ򣬲֮жȻһɫףˮͰְСͬһצĲֱӵɱ߲ʽڵϴ
䣡
߲ʽڵϴȻ˫бһŭ𣬺ݺݵصһ۷ƣصҽϣǵڣɱֵ֮𣬲ңƽϢеŭ𣡡
˵仰֮ڿն𣬾ȻֱӵŲµһɫȥ
һĻ˷Ƶ˵ϣѰ˶췣ܱܿͱܿĻ㣬ȻԼȥΪͬʲô
Ƿϸף߲ʽҲǲһУҪضɹ췣ӶԼĽ
Ȼ˵Ϊðգ֮£ȴΪѡ񣬻˷ˣҲͬѡ
磬ȥĽɣｻң϶̧ͷŭ֮гΪʮѾȼյԼûаܻȥΨһܹľǾܵΪԼȡ㹻ʱ䣡
ܣң߲ʽ֮еϴŭһ֮󣬱ʧһɫ֮Уʱ֮£񷶼ͬըһ㣬׶ɫ£׵ûɽɽۣ
ƽжԶܶԶˣ῿һΣƲˣ췣֮Уһ뷨ǣкڻˡ
ʱλҲֻǲһеȥֹԷĽ
ʱûκ˰Ƿڣûע⵽߲â֮һֱһӰȴǶȻ˫߲âҲȻؿʼɢ
С𣬼ѣ
ķƣνͬҲ˷ս֮Уǰһͷ߲ʽ֪ͲηκιЩƣȴɲã
Ų֮еľԽԽ࣬гſµĲҲԽԽǿңƵбǸΪΪܹظоʱ췣Ѿ𽥵תǴ
֪߲ʽûаհЩǴԼȴǶĲÿһγֶȫǰͷ߲ʽڲ
սƬ̣ȴ˸ǿҵ𺳣Ϊа벽֮ϵǿ߶ܹظо֮ĽƺԽԽɶڵ𽥵ѵļ
䣡
һɫΪأǰֻʣ߲ʽ֮е϶ȵȻҪҾͳȫ㣡
ڸղŵĶԾ֮УȻ϶ѾȼԼһҪǿƵķƣֻܹ֧סһʱ޷̫ʱ䣬ⲻƬʱ䣬˾ѾǽٴΡ
ÿһεĽ֣ܹ϶˿µƣЩ϶ȼԼҲ޷ŤתƣۿƾҪնɱԼɹˣ
䣡
Щ߲ʽڵҲӲ֪ԼֵˣȴɷһΪȡ㹻ʱ䣬ǷƣҲǶ־иŲѣ˾ǵˣ޷κεͬ飡
һ󣬷ƵӰ貵ɫâ֮УŴͬҲһЩƣϾҪնɱһͷԱ߲ʽڣ޷κδۡ
Ѿû˿赲ˣƣһһǿµ׺֮УʱҪԵĲڽ߲ʽڣǿµǴ֮


2272 һͬ
Ǵϵ£ֱӵؽ˺ƵǴ֮УĶͺڻû˿Ĳ죬ǶǰĶָӵغҪȡʱѸٵعȥæ
һΣȻǴǴǼʶ嫵Ǵ֮ǵ£ҲǵһΣǷԼôûжܹȥЩ췣ΪֲǴ
ûа취ҪԣһöԷɹôĺǾǲ룡
΢࣬ȻܽǴ֮Ϊ׵߲ʽϴ󿴼Լĵܵһεرնɱ˫֮Ѿǳ޵ŭ𣬺޲ýƻ̵
޾ǴϣÿһǴ߲֮ʽڵ˲ĥĴˣҧ֣Ϊ֪ΨгŹȥǴɹԼλܱܵѩޣ
ƴʱҲǺòȥǴ֮УνͬҲڳ߲ʽͬΪҪǣҲǳֳһִļ
ҪͻƵļô
Ƶ±ǱԼڵһҲһǲ²ⶼĹؼΪǴٽ㣬Ŵ۽һߣǷȱľһ
ȻΪ߲ʽײ˽Ḷ́ڴͬʱǴķΧֱӵرǹϢȻӲҲǽͻƣ
ŷڵϢԶսȦͺڻҲһ㶣һۿ˸Ե𺳣ƾȻҲҪͻˣ
Ȼ벽ͬʱͻô
ͬӦģ½ϵڶǿߣԼ˻ʸ֮Ѿۼ˶ͬʱظо֮ı仯ƺΪ졣
е㲻̫Ծӡ
ɫصؿһ۲񷣬ԱߣŷϤˣӻŮʱѾһΪصı仯Ѿ֤ڽ֮
һͬҺֵһϢϤӣ΢΢ر˫Ӧһ֮Ҳ΢ص
Ϥ
ʱԵһ˶ĪؼϤ棬нΨһǾʧѾõķƣ
˵ƣ˼ɫѾʧ̫ˣǶ޷Ѱҵ˻ʸһֱûѣΪѾˣ
ܡһ£ʧʱȥȴ̽ŷһʧĻлʸ˫ҵ񣬹ȥôûʸ˫ͬҲû飡
ûĻһӱ˹ô˵ƲǲʧˣǺпŻʸ˫һ𱻾ĳطĽƣܳ
˼˵ȥλ½Ҳ޴֮ˣһӾ˻Ļ˼ʵ͸뵽һ㡣
֪λ½ûǳֹټ˵ʱ˽ͻƣǲ֣ҲһЩڷѰңһ¾˭ôнüͷ
һ˶˳˼֮У˼ƵȥΪζûгֹ
ڰǰΪҪľǣһͻˣôҪһЩ׼Ҳǵ̾һһĨǳɫ
׼ʲô׼ʱ׷ʵ
εط˷ۣһسɹͻˣôشĽͻʧʱҵڶǿҲǻֱӵؽ⿪ӡʱ򡭡
û˵˶ף˵ɫǱüΪأȷشûɢ֮ǰ˴˶ܹӳ벽۵Ϊƺһ±˴ˣһʧôĽǻָĽָ
һǸʱ٣ͻĵ߸
һѪȷƱ޷⣬ҪľǣܹⳡѪȷ֮бϾ½ôǿߣͷ֮صϹȵȡ
ʱĹпܻ׵壬Ϊڷʧʱ棬Ѿһǿֱ̬ӵغɨ壬úܶΪ֮𺳣
еǿ߶ټɣҪˡ̧ͷһۺڳĲ񷣬ޱص
ʱɽɽ֮ϣƵֱҪˣһԼҪнˣҸ޷⣬ʱ֮еƱøΪ¡


2273 
ŷڵͬʱҲǽ˽״̬һ˵ϣ߲ʽһλϴ󣬴ʱɫøΪѿ
벽ͬһʱҾ벻ԶǴµķΧҲǻὫһУôʱҪԵľͲһ˵Ǵˣ
ʱ߲ʽڼֱп˵һ˽нǴҲǹǺˣʱһƵǴ£ǿɾΣˡ
국үԶ㣡
貵â֮У߲ʽڷŭͬʱѪܵ壬ϵŷƵľ룬ŴʱƵǴ֮УжԶԶ
һĻ˵Уνǰװ಻⣬ǰһ߲ʽڻҪԸƣһ̣˷ƾͬǶܹһ㣬֮Ӳ
ܣСүƴҲðˮƶҲǸһĨɫһҲǳԼԤϣҲһᣬҧֱӵس߲ʽڡ
ҪǺãһҪʧˣҲùȥ
ͷ˲ǳǴû֮ʣ˶ֱӵس߲ʽڵĵطǻæؽжܣ÷ƿԼ
䣡
ʱһ죬֮ǷһƵ죬֮£һȷ߲ʽڸΪɫâݺݵڷƵϣ
ƴʱЦѣµˣԼǴΪ¡֮±˵ܲܰùһ⣡
ʱķƣûٽǰһΪһ޴ɫֱӵؽ˶ǲס֮Ŀռ䶼ֱӵѺۣ
ǼĹ򣬷ƱǷŭ֮ϵƤϵرѶѪڰֱ֮ӳֶһǴ֮Ȼǿֲ˹ͬƶǳԳܵļ
һĻȶǾסˣǼǴ٣ȴûм˿µǴ٣뵽һʵҲȻˡ
ΪԽǿٵǴͻԽԽ£һǳΪһ;УŻ췣Ľ٣ͬڷȿҪĴڣ췣ӵؿ£ǽ֮ٵǴҲһ
ôԼ߲ʽڿһĻ±Ƿ˿ЦȻԼҲǴԶԶûзƵĿ£ôһΣյľ棬ڿЦ֮ʣҲӿֳһĨʼɣҪʣŻᴥֿµǴ
䣡
ӶǴ֮ϵ£ɽǳ׵طĹ֮֮Уе޶ܵһͬĩսһλ벽ͬʱĿƣѾӰ췶ΧԽɽ
Ƭ̹֮еֹͣ˷ʱ򣬷ҲǵԴϢʱνǱ֮ʣղŵһǴȴԾ˿ͷܹǽǴӵؿ£
ģ¿ô죡ҧԶͬҲڽнǴϴ߲ʽڣһȻԼ״̬öˣϾǴԶԶûԼĿ¡
䣡
Ȼʱ򣬲֮ٶǴһף춯أƵɫǱüΪ԰ףԼɾˣ˵ɧ߲ʽ䲻˳ŪԼԵ˽ȥ
Ȼʱȴûע⵽һ߲âѾȻɢһµӰʱѾȻվ
ڴͬʱâȴһ˲侲ֹǷƣʱҲǳһֵĸоǾ˼άܹתԼȴ˿ˣǰһУ
ĲֹǷһˣڣɽɽ֮ϵ˶ٵֵ󣬾ͺ˽˵Ķһ㡣
ʱʣͷ߲ʽͻȻʲôһ㣬ǵɫȻ𽥵رþڲţ
ڴʱҲ͵̧ͷԼƺĳڲϵʧʧٶȼΪѸ٣ͺ˻ڳȡڵһ
Ƶʱ䷨򣿣
ƺܿǲԼڵʧˣԭԼɽײǵȽʱǵؿʼʧ
ͻȻ͵̧ͷһ߲â߲âʼһӰֵڰ֮УͻȻǿЦ
ȥ߲ʽڣҿǻʲôɪ
ûʱСˣѾؽ˴УջؽƵϵʱ䷨߲ʽڵĿռ䷨򣬶⣡


2274 
ɽɽϷôֵһĻͬĹ֮ضܹõежһĪĿ־壬׷̧ͷŲ񷣬ͬһҪһ㡣
ʱˣԼڵһȻ𽥵ɢָоȴǴûзҲ͵̧ͷ߲âֵһӰֵĸΪ
߲ʽڵȴʱɫǻûа취ֹܹ˻úĴУʱһֱʱ˲ʧȥ
ΪźĴб˻ãϵܹݵĽҲ˲һͬҲǲ⣬ڷ˵кûнûж𣬵߲ʽڲһ
һ߲ʽû˷ΪֶΣô߲ʽھͳ׵ʧȥҽǵ³ԷǳˣǾԲŹǵģ
ҪҰ
߲ʽ챯ߵŭ֮г˲ģֻһܹпܻȡõĴУǾΪƵĶ෬ļƻգԼֵҲһٵرնɱ
뵽һ㣬߲ʽڵ˫֮жȻظֳһĨŭֱŷƣǵֱǺ޲ýƻ̳Ե
һŭ߲ʽڵĿзȻֱӵѵֽ״̬Ǽ䣬ƬضٶȻָԭһжֹ״̬֪ʧˣ
࣬
Ϊ׵߲ʽҲǷһĽʱȻǲһе˷ƣһģͺҪŷͬھһ㣡
ò˵߲ʽڵ˼ΪֵزѾ֪ɹҲ˿ûκϣΪѾ˻ȡˣ
ҪѷҲҪԷףΪƴʱҲǴǴ߲ʽֱӽӽĻôǴͻһڵĿռ䳹׵ر
ܵǴǼΪؿ£Ȼʱټ߲ʽڵǴǵȺ붼֪һּΪµľ
Ƶɫ䣬ӰȻصˣ˲ƱǴתղӿ׷߲ʽڣֻǱպ˻˹ֵԼжˡ
߲ʽëСүԶ㣡ƿЦõŭƱưòƴСѾѣƿ˵ʤȯգȻǷƴˡ
ͺڻĿɿڴؿϷԵһĻ֪Ǻãǲǲ֣ǲңǺڻȼΪµǴǼɵմȾһ˿Ҳòȥ
ǷǴȻ£λõǿҲǲ˼
ʣµͷ߲ʽȻҲû˷˼˫ĿվڰУؿԼϴŷƵĲ׷𣬻ǰǻȥǴӸղΪѾûˣôǱ˵ǲˣڻǳҲһ
ҵǺڻʱһеعעŷƵ״Щ߲ʽڼȻʧȥս˼ҲǲżһʱҪѶԷնɱ־Է϶Ӳˡ
䣡
֮Уϵһһ貵ɫӲ֮£ͬһ㣬ƺҪ߲ʽںͷӲĨɱһ㣡
µǴϵ£ƴʱֱп˵Լڳ𽥱ǿǴǶԼ׷߲ʽڣֱǵҪ
һͻǱǴԼĻԼشȫǴĻô߲ʽʱʱضԼ֣ԼһǱľ档
ƴʱνᵽ˸ղ߲ʽڵ飬ֵ߲ʽڲˣƲɵýСӰϣвɵøֳһĨɡ
Се㲻Ծô˴֮󣬰㶯ûѵǷʲô⣿
ڷʱСˣ׼ȷ˵˫߲âͬڿһ㣬ݺݵ£ĿȻһֱԼ׷߲ʽϣ
Сĳ֣һС֣ô߲ʽҲ޷Լвô˵ĺ𴫳УͲСǿᵽһ޷ֱӵĵز
СǼΪѸ٣߲ʽҲ޷һ˲عӦʱǰֵ߲âȴΪ֮ʧɫ
â̺̫ϤˣϤ˿־ĵز


2275 С
Ϊһ߲â̺Ȼʱ䷨ſռ䷨
ƿ˲ֽ߲ʽ˵ƿصжôֲΪϤһƿصĲֽĹ֮ؿԿó
ƿһСֶѣСʹõԶȻźȣҲԳ߲ʽܵķΧ
䣡
߲âֱӵغ߲ʽڣʱߵֱӵصɶ;ϵһһѪͺڻΪ֮ʧɫȻ˵ʮֿ£ֻǻĴУһµϻ˭ܹ磡
߲ʽڵƴʱҲûлȥᣬΪܵǴѾǵһ޵ĵز˻ѪֲۣǴ֮ϵ£ƱøУûеѡֻҧڼ֣
ʱҲǲ˷ƵĲԾµɫâ֮УƵӰ𽥵رģϢҲһ֤Ĵʮֵز
ô죿ѵֻĬĬؿŷô˽ɫǵķƣȴóȻǰΪЩǴ
ûа취ԼȥһȥҲһɢ³ڻصصȷ˵ʵ˵ûа취ְơ

Ȼʱһŭ𣬽˵أԭʱ߲ʽΪǳСһǱش˿ķûС
ڱɫâ߲֮ʽڻûվǱӶǴ֮׵û
ȫʡʱڵǴܲܰȥҲһδ֪֮οʱش˵ûκεķأ
Ҳģ߲ʽڲϵطʹĺȻѾǲ²⵽Լ³ǱնɱҲСϣԼǴ֮ϣ
ҲѹģǻȫʢʱڵȻŰȥԣǻ״̬͡
ҪˡڻĬĬؿһ߲ʽڣҲ̾һʵѾʮֵԣ߲ʽһ
ʱʣµͷ߲ʽҲ¶ʹ౯֮ɫֻؿԼϴǴ֮ɢ
Ȼڻ˵Ƭ֮ڲ֮УһӴǺݺݵ£ڵϣϢȻѾȥ
Ȼ߲ʽڵʬ壡
ȥ֮ſ²ǴҲ˲٣ΪΪ֮һ߲ʽѾôǴȻҲ֮ɢŷκӰ졣
ƵĴǰ㲻ֹۣϾǴ̫ˣµһ޵ĳ̶ȣۿҲͬҪܲסģ
ѵܹ䣬Ϊôڻ¶֮ɫ̾ϢһԴʮǰشͬһε䣬еǿߣ
ĬҲǸ˾ɫʱ˭ܹƣ
߲ʽСӰȴǶֱӵ˷ڵĵط߲âϵ񷣡
Ҫʲôע⵽СĶҲľʧɫ
ڻҲסˣһҪʲôȥôóȻشǴ֮У˵ҪܵǴ֮Ǵøӿ£
һôʧе
ڻ˫΢УԺ֮ȴͻȻһ⣬ȵؽеа취ƣ
ʲôԣزţǴʲôΪ֮־˵½վǺ𸴻٣ҲδظҳմȾЩǴ
Եģ˺ĴУ˵㹻ȥƣڻ¶ϲɫ˷ܵصƺ뵽ʲô
ԭأؿСӰǴ֮С
ǵǸʵÿһ綼ž֣֮ǵ𾳽磬ͬˣոͻƵųѾõ֮ڻ΢е֮е۷ڣֻǽ˴УҲһ˲õĴڣ
ͬڻ˵һ㣬СʱȷŰ취ܹƴʱ״̬һһû˵İ취Լǲ֪ܲܳɹµҲֻһ¡
ΪƿҪŲסˣ


2276 Īͨ
ϵǣСȻֱӵس֣Ŀ껹Ǵ
ҪǴ֣ҪǣȲ˵ûѰ˶ǴĴڣܶ˵ʱ俰ƿµ֡
Ҫʲô૵صСϣͻȻǸоһϤĸоָоͬݺ½ʱһ
кϷˣһУǻ˺ĴУ͸ôУպ϶һڻ˷ܵصΪյ𼶱ǿߣСϢ֪ԷѰ
ǡصǣҪ֪СǵϣǷܹĹ֮ؾȫСϣСʱΪ˾ȷƶʲôĻǿɾͰæˡ
Ȼȴ֪Ϊ߲ʽڵ䣬ٶļ󺳶
ԭԴڶǿߣǼΪؼΪͻصĽڳɾ˴Ȼȴ֣ط΢仯ϢȴͻȻʧˣúܶ˶Ǿò˼顣
ʦ棬ô£ͻƵϢôȫоˣ½ʥüͷؿŲ񷣬Ȼ˶޷֪һͻƵϢ˭ںηȴܹģģظоĴڣذ֮һ
ΨһһܣǽʧܡޱصȻӿȥޱ飬Ǳȴһ
˼ʥɫͱˣΪͬһͿԽһε˵֪ڽ֮ʧܽһʲôĽ
û˿Կ֮̾һ
һһϢʧˣһϢڡʥغһ΢һؾܹܵһɿµϢ֮䣬ǰһһֱӵʧ
ţһԷܲܳɹҡҡͷȴϣǶԷҲԸ⿴ʱۣ
ΪʱۣôɽһѪȵĶң
Ȼ½磬ǿ߶ĬĬصȴһͻƵĽһܹɹôͻرˣ
ʱɽɽ֮ϣѾ¶ļۿһӴɫâȻ£Ȼ˵ķƴʱֻؿǴ£
ҪٴʩչôһĨΣ˵ʵٶʩչһҪܵĴۼΪأ֮£òʩչȻǡ
Ȼһ̣Ҫ׼ʩչʱһ߲âȴȻسǰ赲סһϵɫâ
С𣡣
Ȼתߣ±ǿСȫһʵ߲â֮УĿǿ壬Ψһ÷ƸоǣСϢΪ֮оļ¡
⡭С𣿣һ̣ƵͫױǽڴʱСٶȲһİϢҲ˵ʱС𲢷С
˵׶Сʲô˫бһŭ𣬺ݺݵصšС𡱣һҪֵ̬
ƺǲ˷ƴĲ񣬡С΢΢̧ͷһ۷ƣΪ˻ƣģû£ڻǽȰɡ
ô˵Ǳɫ࣬ȻԷô˵ôԿ϶ľǴʱСӦûж⣬ʱƿСģӦþһص塣
ҵǴʲô취ܹƽüͷ֪ԷǳԼеһλҲûֱӵظɫԷ
ҿ԰ʱطӡǴҪԵľһǴٵʱ򣬽ӵؿ£Ƿ
ԣƵɫȻͱˣʲôЦٵǴҪܹܵô
֪ʲôҲõڸʺ˽ۣȻǻһڰңϯһеĶңûһܹ⣡
С𡱳һ£ǻص
ȻȷڸǽʱԤ֮УҲǽŮӸȹһ£һʵǣ̫ˣ
жٰգƵɫüΪأںۣܲܽΪպľ룬ΪԼˣҪʱֹͣ
ֻҪԸ⣬Ҿܹ԰㡣
ԣһԷͨȻǿֵزôǴֱӿѹƣ


2277 ѹǴ
ֱͬ⣬С𡱴ʱҲһ·Ʋͬ⣬Ͼκһ벽˵ܹۣǶ£ΪνĴֶӲرֹɲһܹеǡ
ҪˣһٴδǴһθӵؿ£ǳĳ̶ȣȷôô
С𡱵ΪͳȷһΡ
ʲôġҡҡͷʾûϵҲǳԸʱȷ˽ϾһŴ۵ĳ֣ܵӰĿɲֹ½ˣ
С˵ͷҲһ̤屬Ϊ貵߲âһǵصһ̣СӰ÷ƾñ쳣ǿԼ޷֮硣
Ǻô૵صϸϸظһо֣ȻҲ𣬵ʵǿ̫ˣ
Ǽ䣬֮г貵߲âɫ֯һڸסɫĿǴ֮˶עСĶƺǶҪǸȤ
ǺڻһĻɫŲ֮еС𣬸ŶԷǿĲɵһʧУԼҲ𣬶ԷҲôôء
ǸоʹʱС֣ǳŲһٸغϣͻڶԷϣǿߵֱ
ҲǱ˫ۣ¶һȤɫšС𡱵ĶڴʱСڵһ壬ͬҲǺܺ棬Ȼ²⣬ûȷϾ̫ˡ
ʱС߲âѾǳ񷣬Ȱ֮£ǸоǴǿµĲǿ˵֮ϵǴƺǱĳˣҪܡ
һĻƸľǴ֮Ǳ췣֮Ϊ߽׵Ĵڣ˵췣֮Ľ汾ദǶôµС𡱴ʱȴܹѹ
һϹɡֹţǰежԽԽȷõ¹ȷһ¡
䣡
һ죬ڲ֮ϵ߲âʱ÷ƺʲôҪƳһ㣬С𡱿һĻɵһϱ߲âΪ貣ֲͬĲһ㣬ϵط
ҵģȻܹѹǴ֮Զ꿴ˣǲ˾ݣȼֱͲ˵£ǰҪǰô˵϶ǲţʱȴһӳԼǰΪ
ٺ٣Сӵ˴컯½ǽ˺ĴУȻҲ˿µƣҲǲպǽ޵еˡڻҲǺٺһЦ
šСâøӵ貣ǲ֮еǴ֮ԽԽ΢ǿһ˿ɫƬ۹ȥ޾߲â
ʱһһعȥ״ԼĪǳ˰ʱ֮󣬡СҲһ˫͵غʮһ
֮󣬷͵һղһԼƺǼ¶һ£ܿڲ֮УһĨâֱӵƮ£
һâٶȼΪѸ٣÷ƷӦʱѾǳǰһʶҪжܣС𡱵Ĵȴͷ
ҪֿǴӡǡ
ȻԷô˵ˣǲʲôΣգҲûκζһɫâûԼĶͷ֮С
ˣ
ƻһԺϵػһµάһ˲䣬ǻָһɫӡû˷ƵĶͷ֮ǲ߲֮âҲ𽥵ȥرСڡ
ѾƽĲ񷣬ͺڻǷƱˣҲ¶֮ɫôˣ
ΪµǴ֮ȻСֶθˣһʱ֮ҲûзӦʶһԼĶͷղɫӡûĵطʱһصķġ
⡭ʲôеĿɿڴϾ˵ȥҲûţȻܹѹǴ⻹ܹô
Ǵ֮ӡǣϢʱĨһӡǾ㴥Ĺؼ
С𡱵صɫ֮Ҳе԰ףȻղʩչһǿּĴҲǼΪغķ


2278 ˷
ԷƵǴһ𣬲½˶ǳ׵طΪʱؾȻֹͣ˱仯ٶȻصǰľƣ
˵ʲô۵ȫʧܣ
Ȼô£˽ʧܣѾôʥһʱѾǸˣɵɫò԰֣ΪԼҲǼҪͻƣǰӶ˵Ҫнô׵顣
Ⱑ̧ͷһ۲񷣬̾һв֪ǻǳվԼ˵ĽǶ˵ϣ˿Դ䣬ɾʹۣǶ˵ʱ˽ǻһΪµĶң
½һɽУһȫں֮µħʱȴǲϵطŭΪȻȫʧܣٴˡ
ΪʲôʧܣģȻǴȥô޳ɰ벽۵ģ
ħݺݵŭͬʱнѾֵĲˣ˭֪˽Ȼͬʱʧܣкò׸һĨϣǻ
ʦϢŭҲǲһͻƵʱħԱһֱվһӰʱȴǻؿڵƾȥ˾һɱоģ́ͷǲ԰׵ɫ˫һ͸¶һֹ졣
ô˵ħǻƽϢһԼ飬һǰԼλνġͽܡһĨ񣬲ҲװһģͿˣİɣð֮ΪʦѰһһ
ħô˵΢΢һħ˵һʲôֹ̼Ϊʹ࣬ǰ漸ζǲ㰾ȥеǹɺˣ
ʦֻҪҽͻˣͿѰʲôƱôͻȻ͵̧ͷ˫бһɺâһϢüΪ񱩣һӵظĶħ
ǵģǷƣķƣĳ˾Ƿƣ˷ƣħҲǱ÷ŭŭҪסѪļ˶ϣ
ħƬɽԶԶأһƬ̵ĵطȴûܹһ̺֮ķŭԼǾ֣
ͬһʱ䣬֮еҲ˻ϲ˳ϲȻ˻ʸΪ׵ȣϾûܹɹǾʹţܹƽһʱ䡣
ʧˣ˶ʧˣ䰡ѵûܹƽô૵ص˵ϲǡ
УһԵģԱߵȴ΢΢һЦԺ֮иֳ˷ƵӰ֪ΪΣŷһرĸоȻָоŮ֣֮˵һġ
ϣɣȻʧܣôǶ԰ȵ㣬ȴСӵĹɡҲһЦ֪Сӹʱ򣬻᲻Ǵϲ
£СӵԸ񣬿»ϲҲЦص
Ȼǲ֪Լ߲ʽڵ෽ķӦȻʧܣΨһͬľǣ߲ʽȴֻܹٴδǴʱ򣬿¾Ͳ鷳ˡ
˼˵ܹʱٴδǴƵɴ۾ǰġС𡱣֮жǳһֲ˼顣
ȻԣֻǽǴʱѹƣܹ֮۳һӡüģʲôʱǴˣǾٴδͿˡ
С𡱵صʱֵ߲âҲ𽥵ɢȥ¶˱۵ӣһ˫Ĳɣȴزס
ʱ򣬿ǴĲҲȫʧͺڻһۣҲֱӵضŽʣµͷ߲ʽڽնɱ
û˽֮µ߲ʽڣҲͨİ벽ۣ֣Ҳǵֵסڻǿƣò˶֮ͺڻնɱͷ߲ʽڣ˷ƵԱߡ
ƣû°ɡ˸¾´ŷƣͺһһ㣬˷ü֮еɫӡǣɵһΪղҪʶ̽һ£ȴǷһԵ㽫Լʶɵ
ģɫӡʲôﶼҵˡֵصҲһ¡
Ǵܹ֮ʲôʼҲɨӶɽɽۣ߲ʽڶѾնɱһƬǽ֮⣬ҲûʲôΣմˡ


2279 Ȼ
ڿƵ׿̲֮סеĲ죬ʧȻķӡǴ
ʱһˣǺڻʱҲ𾪣Ȼ֪֮Ŵͨߣܹ޷飬ȴǽǴ֮ӡҪεȵܹ
ƿЦص˵ͷԼҲǾò˼飬ȴʵطԼǰ
ѣʱ꽫СϣĲɫʢȻ֪ΪΣǾǰСƺһּΪϤĸо
ǡƳĬһ£Ļشȴ˿Цá
ǣִ𰸵ģȻСȴǻؿڵС꣬ίˡ
С˵ôôһ仰֮ȴ÷ƺ껹кڻͬʱɴ˫ۣ꣬ͣĲɫ𽥵ر˾֡
㡭㡭ǡ͵ػش䣬ܹƺԼΪСΨˣһԼʦ𣬶һǺ
ѵѵǰǺ𣡣
ʹҡҡͷôܣʮǰۿĹ֮أȹʮ󣬾Ȼֻ˹
ƳһȷԼûϴˣʱġС𡱵ȷͬԼ²һ㣬Ǻ
½ʱѾСһص壬˼ǣƾѾǲ²⵽˺𣬵ȴһֱȷϡ
ˣһжˮʯ
Ȼ㡣̾һɫҲǱüΪأǶСжˣ
ƵȻС˵ĵҲΪʱȴǱռ壬ôܹ̣¶ԷǺҲ⡣
ڻһԾþòǻعû뵽ǰġС𡱾ȻǺһ̫ˣ䣬ⶼ֪飬ʱȴǡ˹ǴȥǾȶˡ
СңҲС𡣡
С𡱣ӦǺ𣬴ʱȴǵصȴ÷˳˼֮У⵽ôһ£
꣬Ҳǲ²ⲻ͸ѾˣʮȻٶ̬֣ʵĥ͸
ô˵ɣǰʶСʮǰµһл꣬ôֻ֮ͨӶΪһˣҲǺԵɡһ·ƣ֮ô˵ȫҪ÷ףԼǶᡣ
ôܣһƲлҲֻܹأɫüΪ죬ֱǲܵ飬һƲл궥ܹԱѣƶó֮ĳǿߣҲֻܹԼһΪڡ
˵ҲţóĲʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨򣬶֮ƶҵʦܡЦЦ׳ôһ˵Ϣ
ƳĬˣ½µصǣóʱͿռȴû֮ƶʦ֣
·Ҳǽϣʵʦ
ع˵ͷȷһ˺֪ʦ״ӣһЩ˽ȻΪ𵱳һң
ԱߵĺڻȻֲõ֮ǰҲǺķһ꣬ҲΪһܹȻĹ֮ʮꡣ
˵νĺ嶼ٵģʱע⵽⣬ô˵ʸǲ䡣
ȻʣһֻҿȥѣţĻк壬պһѣҲһɣӶһЩϲĶһƲл֡ҡҡͷʵ
ƺ˶ǵɴ۾һжǺƺõôһƲлתСνĺҲһҥԣ
һӾ뵽࣬һƲлʮСԴӽֻ֮󣬱ǲϵΪˣΪȱӶһֱܾѣ֪ΪС˷ƣԵɺ֮²ǾʣҲǴ˵֮еĺ
Ҳ˵ڵ½ǿ߶Ǳƭʮ꣬ĺһֱûȥͼְͨ취ٶȻص䣡
Ϣʵ̫ˣǿƣҲƬ֮ǻع𶼳ˣʲôô
ΪʲôҪôƳĬһ£Լеʡ


2280 ϵ
ƵķʣȻҲͺڻҪ֪ģƺǵʲô޷⣬ǽַ˶ΪѾǲ䡣
պ֪ҲȲѡ̾һջûаѻ˵ΪãƵʱǲҪ֪̫Щ顣
ϾЩǣ̫࣬˵ʱܹ߸һ˵֪Ψе˺Ĵڣʸ֪
ƲɵһǿߣǶЩ¶Ϊɵɫôʲô飿
Ҫ֪Ѿ۷Ĵڣȴ˴˵֮в֪ǷĴڵĹ񣬻ʲôܹһλ˼ɵ
Ը˵ȻҲûд׷ȥǴʱȴе㲻֪αСǺһתһʱ֮ûа취ܡ
ǰСԼ״ԺڶǿСȷҲǷƵͽܣǴʱǰѺ˵ȥôԼò˼飬οˡ
ƺǲ²⵽˷ģҲǽŵϣǿԱܣϾҵĹǴȥˣһ𶯣ʱһЩϼһ֪˾Ͳá
һ𶯣ЦɣһȥûĹ֮ضǻ޴֮С
ƿЦõؿź£ѵҪݣǸС̫һ㣬ú˵֮еǿߣԼȻ˶Էʦ
ʱģǿЦҲǵ˵ͷϾ֪𲢷ħȴ֮ˣȻҲǹࡣ
Ѱҵػ굤ĲôͻȻǿʵ
ԣ˵ͷں֪һҲ棬ôǰҲһֱڿѰֲϣС֪棬С֪ǰĺҲ֪
ûв´ĻѾӵ˾ıݣͻȻ¶һĨŹֵɫŷƳһµǸطô
ԣһ£Ǻ˵е찡ǸطָʲôĪʱ䷨ʯô
ͻȻ뵽ˣҲƿʱ䷨ˣȻɼǣƱ֪ʱ䷨ҲǸطã
˵̸ͺڻȻ˵ʲô˼Ƭ̷ջǵ˵ͷҿһʯ
˵ͷ̾ܿҲĸԵǲҪʩչһĳЩ˵ע⣬д鷳
üͷں˵ĳЩ˺ɻ󣬲Ҳûм׷ʣıݵˣ߲ʽڵҲǵˣͲһ
ô˵Ƿȱл껨
Ƶ˵ͷںػ굤ҪĲϲо֣ô˵Ҳƶʦ֣˵о굤ʱ򣬺Ҳһ
һϣպС𵭵صһȴ÷ϲ⣡
˵ӵֲϣô˵һϢΪͿðŮӾѹǾƶԼİ֮ҲǺܿ쵽ˡ
ΪĹ֮Уʱʱʱ䷨ڵӰ죬ǲ֪Ѿǹȥ˶ãԼĪ겢ǺңԶһռ㹻ĲϣôͿʼ굤
𿴼ϲɫҲЦЦ΢΢һһ˸΢âĻݣǳԼУһǷһֱҪѰңûаϢл껨
л껨ҲǺķҲ֮ʱߣȻãȥɡҲǲƽô࣬˵굤ǿԾȵԼʦܣûʲôòá
л𣡡ƱȭϵصȻⷬٶҲΪƶ𣬵ΪҪǣõػ굤ȥȰŮӣ
Ů״̬ȫΪƶԷƷζһҪռ㹻ĲϣӶðŮµѹ
һĹ֮Уܵ˵׬ˣ߲ʽڵ࣬ΪѰҵл껨ҲǱѰҵ֣ʲô÷ƿĵ顣
ΨһľǣԼͷǴӡǣٴδǴôͻǸӵؿ£һǺҲ޷ı䡣
ҵǣӡͬҲ÷ƾʲôʱԣֻҪԼ㹻ġ


2281 ع
Ȼһֲ϶ռϣ˲ɵһ¾㱸ֻǷ磬ֻҪԼһص½ôͿ̿ʼ굤
굤Ḷ́û˿ĵģô˵ƶͺλڣ굤о˵İæûвɹ¡
ǡʲôʱ½ʵҲͺڻϣƲʶ֪Ѿͷ϶½ˣϾԼʦƶǱߡ
ڻͲ˵ˣû߲ʽڣͬǺҲһ뿪ôĹ֮ؾȫǿúڻһ˳ƲȷԷǷԸ뿪
Ҳһ뿪ɣطѾˡڻʼνĳȤֻɣ˶ѡ
ÿһͷ޶߲ʽ㣬żΪǿҵĿ
Ǻãڻǰ½ѾǱԺһͳΪ׵ǰʱԺͣһʱ㡣Цŵºڻ벻Ӧ뿪ȻԷӦ뿪ôһоͺð졣
ںڻҲԼС̣ôһ𼶱ĴڣȻȲϺ𣬹΢ѷɫһ㣬ô˵һǿߣԺźܴİҪԷ
Ҳ²⵽ڻҪɣ˵תûֱӵؿҪڻԺͣһʱ䣬Ȼ˵һһ
ڻҲ޴֮ˣڷƵһ仰֮бǲ²⵽˼Ҳǲųշ˵ʱ½ѾǱһͳôȥҲûʲôطȡԺ
ϸһ£ڻĬĬص˵ͷ÷Ǹһ£Ȼһ𲻿Сӵټ껹кڻλպܹ뿪½ʱҲܹһȥ
Ϊ뵽Զĵزͬ˵ڲͻƴ۵ʱ򣬶뿪½ҪͻƲܹҲ˵һԼص磬ҪԴ۵ľܹȥ÷ƾ÷ǳˬǣһͻ˴ۣôشĽͻȫʧǸʱһЩǿ߾ͻǷ׷׳
ʱ˵ǴˣҲǻ½Ϊƺ֪ǷȱǸ߶˵ƾŻȼԶԶǲԼʱôһ֧ǿ磬ô˭Ҷ嶯֣
뵽Ʋɵ΢΢һЦҲǰ磬Сүң˭Ҷ壬ȫ壡
ǰôʲôʱ뿪ط̧ͷԺͶѯʵ񣬱ϾĹ֮أʱеĽѾǱƿء
Ҫ뿪ʱԡЦŵ˵ͷһۺڻʵĹ֮صأҪҲһȥô
⵹ס˺ڻӸղһ仰֪𲢲Щ޸Ͼɱѯʺڻȥ
ô޶ǴȥڻҡҡͷͷȻǲУϾʱ½ѾǸı࣬ô޳ȥƱػһЩҪ鷳
ϸ̧֣ͻɣû߲ʽڣǻøһ㡣ڻҲǿЦϸ˵Щ޶ͬ塣
˵ͷƬ̽ŵİɣҿٳģ뿪Ҳ˵û߲ʽںνľǻһ㡣
ƺһۣҲǵ˵ͷνͨҪҪҲνޣﰮ˭ܾȥܣʱͷ뾡ػص½
ȻǶˣھ߰ɡ˵ͷҶûκô׼뿪ط
ھ뿪еȻ
ЦЦ֮Ի᷵ΪԼĴУһܴϣôƾܹݣ뿪һͷ顣
úĻڻ궼ǲɵͷ亹Լʮ궼û飬ںȴô׾پеĸо
ҲܹͺڻΪ㣬ΪΪʵɲ⣬ôһƱʮҲǿᣡ
߰ɣסҵʱܡЦЦһռѺۡ


2282 Ԥ
źƿ˿ռһҲ뿪νĹ֮أӶص½֮С
۹ֻˣ
һ˼ĵطռͻȻŤ˲ϣĵӰƾճ֣ȻǷƵһˣǻ𱬵ڸʽ֮󣬱ͬйһش
ڻ΢΢ؼ𼶱ǿߣԼķ緶Ȼǲģ
ƿЦãѾͷΪǸηô޷ͺڻ˵˼Ͼһطʮ꣬൱ѹ֡
Ψкʱ˼ԱԼΣһֽĹ֮棬νǸֱӵĹϵҺãڿǰ˸ȳˡ
Ҳĵʹ𣬵Ϊʲô޶ǷӡĹ֮أ궼һײؽˣóĻشǣ𵱳Щܹ½㹻вԲǴ㽫Щһӡ
꣬Ѿͷ׷ɱһͷ벽ۼޣһ̣һͷȴӻһƬɽҲΪ˵ؽȥȵֵʱѾˡ
߰ɣڵҲҪһ½ʲôˡЦŵʱϵϢصǰһ¶ӣһС
ƺںĸıҲǲһһ£С𲻹ǺһƲл꣬˴֮󣬵ٶȻָ˺ݣҲ档
סˣǧҪκǰ͸¶ҵݡ𣬲ʱӦǳƺΪСɫΪص
Ƶ˵ͷҲǳʵҲ֪ħ°ɣпְɱˣǼһﻹҵĶӶˣ
Сһ£ħһȥİɣ䱾¿ɲͣ㶼޷ѰҵҸļ䣬Ѿ֮壬пܾĶӣ
ʲôҵĶ壿ƶʱŭɱ⣬һӵ۾ˣӺο⣬Ȼδı档
ʵһ㱾Ӧܹ²⵽ģѰټڽӶǺһ㡣С̾һ˵˵Ӧǻһβܹȫ۳֮壡
ƽüͷС˵ûһֱԼûȥ룬ܴԭңԼĶӳΪ֮塣
ƺ˷ƵɫףСҲЦЦİɣ֮ұ컹ҪϤֻҪûһôֻҪܹѰҵ䣬˵ܹĶһ컯
ƿЦϣﻹϣԼһδıĶӻʲô컯ܹƽƽһк˵ˣ˵ԼҲǶԲʸ˫Ͷӡ
ƾת굤飬ȥһƶȻҲܹڳȥԸ졣СķƵļʾƲ̫ġ
ǻصԺ֮ôͣ㵹ãֱӵظһĹ֮أưǼŪˡҲͻȻ뵽⣬Ϊͷۻȥ֮Ҫһ͡
ô˵ô˵¡Сʼɵص˵ҴĹ֮أ˺Ĵвͳô򵥵һ¡
ԣƶʱߣǼôԼ뿪ʱ򣬿˶֪Լһ뿪û˵ҪСģ޶˶˵˵Ҳô
ˣʱ˵ɡ΢յصҲƳһۺЦСӣڵݿҵͽܰʦ¡
ⷬõúڻ궼һСڵСȻǲܻУϽУҲδظӦ
Цأôһ𳬼ǿߣʸԼʦˣҪ˽Լʦö˶˰
߰ɣǻǣ˽һ½ЦŵϾô˵½ǺһٳģС˵ΪҪ
һ˵˵ͷĵӰҲǻ⣬Ѹٵʧʡ
һ·ϣҲǰԼһܴʳǾǹԤԣԤ˵һжѾ棬ô֪ЩģԼ֮鶼ܹ֪̫ˡ
ȻСĻشȴٶƶ̲סҪһ٣ǹ˼᲻пܱͶˡ
ǲµġСĻش˵ظɴ䡣


2283 תʮ
ǣ½ģӵǿԺŵڵû䣬ԺӰԽԽǿ󣬶һʱĸָı֮һЩͨҲ𽥵ؽʵ
ʼʱһЩǵǱߵͨˣ޷ԺȥʵǵѾû䣬ǵڵĴʼҲǽ塣
Щ˿Ժ룬ȴûֹǷ׷׵Ժĳ֮УӶԻһЩռ䣬ԺߵǿҲһС֣ҲԸĻ뿪ʲôͲԺ¡
ܶ˶һ仰÷񣬵ԴԺطһЩ£ЩȥСʵγɵĴׯһҹ֮䱻ɱ״Ϊң
Щͬ½طЩԸԺǴׯһҹ֮䣬Ȯ
˿ʼоֻˣ뵽Ժ˵ĻԭǿЦģһＫΪ׶ļһɱ׷ǱʾԺĳ֮УԺĳǿ򣬰ȫĺܡ
ȻǵʱҲһЩ̲ļһǰ۵һЩʵĸΪԺڱĹĿؾҪһͳ½ǷôѪǲԺڵĴ֮С
Щ̵ˣԺǱߵǿ߲÷񣬷˵Ķ˵ˣŲš
ܿ죬Щ˶ǿܻΪһҴ߱ʾһеѪ־յ۵Ĵˣ
һӿνȫǾԭģҶֿɻһ𼶱ǿߣ¾ͰЩ˶ŵƨܻ
ȻԺҲһ棬ٶЩ˻Ͼô˵ҲħļƵóѡ
ʱԺ֮Уʥһǿ߶ٴξۼΪض½ŴģɱѪ֣Ȼÿֻˣܲסడ
ȻҶΪħģȴûκΰ취ħԼϢ̫ˣԳֶ޷ܻ񣬸˵ˡ
˵˵ɣʲôõİ취ûҪӴֹȥĻħν֮ܿҪ۶ɣʱ»Ǵ鷳ʱѾٶȽӹǵĹΪʥҪչأʱ׼ų۵ľ硣
һ㿴ңҿ㣬ǳĬûа취οǡ
ҪǷͺˡһԵ̾Ϣʮĸı䣬ʱȥ࣬ҲΪһμ̳ˣʱܶ鶼ǽ
ơ֣һЩʮˣǰĹ֮Ѱ߲ʽѾȥʮ꣬ʮѶȫޡ
ʸ˫˵ҪҷơӺԵʮ棬ÿһʱ䣬ʸ˫ͻǣ˵Ҫһ棬Ƿƶ½ȻѰҲ
ŮҲһˡҡҡͷǶûзƵϢʸ˫ô֪ء
ˣκϣڷϣ»ÿԼ˾ȻòϣзڵĻࡣ
һ˵˵ͷҪ۵ʱ͵̧ͷϵȴ¶һĨ𺳵ɫɻѣܿ˵ɫˡ
ĹǿѸٵڵķ򿿽оϢ԰׵ĳ̶ȽԼ£
Ҫ֪жǿôһʵĻǵǶôĿֲ
ߣȥ˭ˣؿɲŪˡɫ±ǻ˻һߡ
ڱչ֮еʥҲǸӦǿϢֱӵؾƹضһǿٴеģҲǷǳسԾ
ô£ôͻȻôǿ֣߳ʥʵ
ҡҡͷȻҲǲҲɻѣ½ʲôʱôǿߣҿӶտе㲻ӡ
׼ӭսɡ˻֣˶׼һ£Ͼһ߲ƵĻǾͲ̫ķϻֱӾͿˣ
ôòˣôôҶӭң
ٴеʱһЦ׹˵Ķߣʱһ˵ȶʯ״̬


2284 
˶ǼΪϤʧʮ
ǷСӣȷӦڷƵΪϤȻµϢֲ̺ŷơ
Ƿƣڳڶǿ߰ڣһۣһЦصǿֵ֣߳ܲܵסһ⡣
ܿ죬ʱ߱ǳĵģӰת۶űѾǵϿգռ䲨ƽ£ĵӰڰС
ٺ٣𣬶δɻǷɡƿȺ֮еҲǹЦ
¶Цݣ׼˵Ȼһ߾˷Աߵļϣʱ˫ɴͬʲôһЩǾȵһ㡣
үүôҺǾôôʱЦе˹һүүһ¿ɲ𾪴ˣͬưԱߵһЩǿҲǱݺݵһ
ȥ
ʱϳݣϾ½ƶ״ӣֻ֪ʮѾʧˣƶûټ
һʧʮ˳Լǰֵܹ
㡭㡭ҲʧƬ̲ǷӦɵ㡭ôţ
仰һʱǱߣƢǼΪ𱬣¾ʹֵصүүѵôϣô
ԣΧ˶ͷߣȻ꣬Ȼ𱬵ͬʮǰû˿ı仯
ôأҲǵ˼亹ԷƶĵӣҪƶ֪Լͽ϶Ź
ףǡС𣡣ʱʥȻҲǷǰŷȥĹ֮غ֮нʧС𣬴ʱҲǹԹԵվ˷Ƶ
ʲôСǸСãȻԼ͵͵ܳȥҷǵɡ¾Ϊ֮ʮǰСͻȻʧ٣еǿߣΪħµ֣ȴѰ½ûпټ
˼ҲֹʲôЦΪСǰСô˵㶼ˡ
ȻΪߵԼ˵ãûаСǺһƲлת˵͵ҪСӸһȥһĹ֮أܵ˵һ컯
컯´СΪǰСǺԵʣԺܶʱҲǲϧ̵ְֽУСܹӡ
̽һСʱڵϢɵþʧɫ˸ȥʲôСӴʱ̺Ѿ˿Լˣ⡭⵽ʲô컯Ȼһʥ۷˽˿£
Сʱû˵ʲôֻӺԣ¶΢ɫһС÷ҲΣǰСƶô
ˣʦ棬Сû²ôǱһҪǿءʥʱҲǳ˻һգСøǿ⵹һ¡
ˣСӿ϶ǸѧˣʼòˣȻ͵͵ȥĹ֮ء˴׺ӣûص
Աɫˣ⻰ǰãԼôͲˣ
СӻˣĪǶˣһԹ֮󣬲ǿһ۷ʵ
ȻЦЦһĹ֮ؿǲϧа
ǻһء¶Ц뿪ʮ棬ҲһֱѰл껨䣬ǸûκϢͺ½ûⶫ
ԣ¶ЦݣҲǺܸжǿԼڣҲǾľذԼԼѾõǷȱһϡ
ûϵѾռȫˡЦеص΢΢һΣл껨ǳС
ʲôСӾȻ㵲ѣƹȻͰ߲ʽڵ඼õ֣˵֮ел껨Ūˡ
Ҫ֪ʮ棬νǾľȥѰǲϧսһЩ֮УնûѰҵл껨䡣
εЦЦ˴С˺ĴУԼնɱ߲ʽҲûãΪһл껨ûаͷ
ҷ㹻ģһοƶҲõˡƹЦֻҪƾת굤ɹôǰŮӻƶ𶼻ǻָ
ǾͺãǾͺãʥһۣҲǿЦܹСҲ˴컯궼ǳ֣ǴǿԺˣ


2285 
λǡ
ʱע⵽˷ԱһֱĬĺڻҲǾɵʵΪоõԷҲһǿߣͬԼһ㣬𾳵ˣ
һ£Ĺ֮صѣڻ룬ɱС˼ң𡣡Цеص
仰һʱըˣһȺǿ߶ؾ㵣
½ǰҲǽ𣬻һֱصƶ𣬿νԿóǷʱ棬һҲǼΪؿ£
ȴ˵һ
ǲϵٴƹȻǸǰȻջһɲһС£ʱ棬һ򣬸ûǿ൱
ڻ˵˵ͷҲû˵̫໰ĻϾڳܹʸ˵˿ûмһСȻҲ㣬ǿʣˡ
Сӻ̫ˣɲ֪ǰһʱ棬Ȼ˳Գ۾磬һ㶼֪ǻҶൣģҵ˺涼ʧˣȻͿıˡЦŵͬʱһ˶Ǵ֮С
սǣƸиŲѣƻΪѹħ𣬲Ҳûкô
С𣬿ŷǣźۼص˵ͷƺǺ⣬ϾĽǶ˵½ҲһٳܹչģѾǺοˡ
Ǵź۹ⲻϵؿɨǵһУһסʮ˵ٶȻصϤһôõ顣
үүֱʲ½ǹ˺ãڵĻһ޲Цеص
ô˵ƺСһͬڻסĵЦ⣬ȴûвǸ̾ص˼ôˣҲһ˽ܰǿϧˡ
ۣ̲סˣЦҪ֪νĺҲڵС𣬿ɾǻվǰô˵СɫҲǱüΪȻȴܷ
ѾͷЦʲôأͷƳһû꣬ͬʱҲע⵽Сɫе㲻ȻǹеʵСӣɫòӣôˣ
һͬƶ̲סˣ͵ЦѣڻɫҲȻڻ˲٣΢΢ЦѺСӣҲֻһ
Цʲô𲻽ؿˣое㲻ԾӣͬʥҲüͷʱͷ̫ˣͺֻ͵Цһ
ûʲô£Ƹոͻƣ粻Ǻȹ̡СɫشֹϲģҺСӣͷǵðŪɡ
ˣע㡣Ҳȼͬʱָ겻Ҫ̫ˣһ¶ţģʱͲýˡ
ˣħѰҵô
ڣƿʼص⣬ɫҲǱüΪأҪ֪ԼӿħϣҾνġ֮塱塣
ʥǿһۣҲҡҡͷʵںܱǸʮ棬ԺûֹͣѰ䣬̫ƻˣ״̬ҪҶûа취Ѱҵõ
ԣɫҲ࣬ⲢܹˣϾħĽƻ̶ȿԼʶģͬԷܹԼεܣҲ֤ħشҲһܹԸġ
ǡǸνĴ֮壬ӦûжĽչɡƽüͷʵʵϣĹ֮غ½ѾγͳһѾûжٻħ֡
ЦҡҡͷҲǽЩŵظһЩڵǱߣһЩ˸ԺĹӶȥ˾ͳħҪֵĿꡣ
Щ˰֮󣬷Ҳҡҡͷһ£˵ħҪƳ֮ĻͻҪһô
˵ͷݺЩѪ˿ͳһʵҲͲһΣħļıܹóѡ
΢΢˫һεĻħ᲻һҲҪһѵģǾԲܵġ
˼˵ʥһǿ߶͵رɫѵ˵ħ׼һɱӶԼĿģ


2286 ͷ
Ƶ˵ͷҸֹôΣԸҲǼΪ˽⣬ǰǲôðգؼزħһðսһɱ
ĻǿɾĲˡüͷ벻͸ľƣҪɱǧŰپʮŸˣѶȷǳһֳ涼Ѿǿ򣬶ҲֹһħٵҺôǿ濹ô
侳һߵĵÿˣħĸԾǲһ֣ҵĵǵһߡصغĶӣС˵ֻҪûнһô֮ͻеþȣ
ҪԵǱ֣ԣ˵ͷҲ󣬱Ͼô˵ǵڵĵ̣ΪڵĴʼˣħһǷǳϤ
׼ɶһܹȥʥ˼һ£ҲǴһЩȴҡҡͷãһεͽСɡ
ʥ΢΢شһ£С
²װɣС𡭡üͷСȻʱΪˣջǾ鲻㣬ħǸϺ»Ǻ׳Կ
ģǣҲЦİɣʱСȻ˵ŰٷְٰգŰ˳ɵļʣһħӲ
ԣ˲ɵһ˳ɣСڵ̺Ŷôµ
ңҲǲȷħһԵ֣˵һǹɱ侳ĻʱߵķǷȱǾǵòʧˡҲǷ
ȷħĸ̫ƻˣܹ뵽ģҲһܹ²õ߶ǲиһöԷ˿ɳ֮ôΣˡ
УȻ㶼ô˵ǾСˣһȥħëڵ״̬Ҳ˲С𡣡һ£Ҳͬ˷Ƶľ
ڻǰСһȥɣܹԳɹˡҲʾڻϣϾλӵǿʵһ֣ħҲԲöԷӵ
ڻʼʾνСҲιȥӶѣЦҪ˭ܹںܵõҲ漣ˡ
ιιأȥ꿴ÿ˶˸ԵҲǲؽʱͳµˡ
ƳһۣЦģȥһˡ
˭Ҫȥ˷һۣȻеơ
ŲҰ仰תƶ֪˻᲻㣿һЦѾͷûûСôûܹε
ʲôʦҪȥʦϵһɨ⣬ȡ֮һֿϲɫڶ˵׵Īھʦƶˣ
ħ𣬿Цǵɥ£ƶ߱ɱ޲ýħֱɱһ˰ˣﻹѶԷʦ
ǵģҲҪֿʼƾת굤ˣʦǱ߲ȥҲصصԭܹʱϢһʱ䣬ȴû뵽һҪ
ٺ٣ʱʦ϶ޱȡ֪ҪԼʦҲ˷ܲѣһСһ
ǰһоͰˡҲһ˸ǣڤ֮ɭѰҵƶ𣬱Ͼʱʣûá
Ŷˣ˸ǣǰ˵ǸǴˣһҡǰȴôһذϢ
ҲʲôЦİɣ
СӸվסϽ˵ô£ŷһŵıӰپ
ʥһƹȻǱ̬ȻǱҪǰǴĽ٣ʧôȻʧˣǷƻܻ
ʱһȺǿ߶ˣЦİǣǷƵǶǼΪִô˵˵ǣǾһǡ
ˣ´εٺúÿһ׷ʲô顣Ҳûص͹ַ̫ܵˣ׷Ҳ׷ϡ
ŶҲ˵ˣڿʱܹٴǴˣԡû±ȥСƮƮ·źڻ뿪֮ǰôһ仰
&%
ʱŵʥҲ̲סˣ⵽ӵǴ˵ʲôʱʲôʱ⻹ò˻ˡ


2287 ʦͽ
뿪Ǻ󣬷Ʊֱӵشǰƶڵڤ֮ɭϾһҪҲҪƶְæһ¾ת굤
鳬˷ƵϣûйƴĻԼںƶ֮ҲҪ̸С˻ϣô˵ħµġ֮塱Լ⡣
ˣʦڵǺ⣿һ·ɫҲе㲻ȻϾʮûԼʦ
İɣʱ˵֮ڻһ˿ᣬڲŹʮ꣬ӦòŶ⡣ƿеţҲǹɵЦ
˵ٶȲǴʱѾڤ֮ɭֱӵһéԱߣٶȿһ̵İڷţҲǸи֡
⡭ʦڷŵ̡һӾͱϳ֮Ҳǳˮתڷֵ֮Уֱӵ˹ȥ¹µؽ̰ڷźãʱٶȳһڵͨ
ķƺе㲻һƳһ̵ģҲɻص
ҵǸʦ壬Իһص·ҲҺʦŻ֪ķʦҲǲ֪ҡҡͷ
ȷħ𵱳Ҳͣһʱ䣬ȴûзе¡ЦЦħŵӶȥ˵ص׵޾֮Уͻı仯
ǸɱĻ쵰ȻԼʦܹ֣ħʱҧгݵص
ǺǣһͬʦҲû뵽ƶó֮ԼһΪҲֱˡЦ
˵ͷǸӣ۶Լʦ֣ʦżĸ飬ʱ˷ǣԼʦΪħͷʦֻһꡣ
߰ɣȥܹˣҲʦЦǴһڵ֮ͨУֱ·޾
ڻ֮УһֱڴǲԶƽ̨ϵӰȴͻȻضһ£ֱӵ˫˽ˣѵǷƣַƺеϤ
ȻǶߣʮȥˣ߾Ȼ𽥵س̬վΡʱȴ΢΢ձһͷĽİɫͷΪۡ
ҪǷƾͺˣҵĴҲǿ쵽ˣʱ֣ĪǸҴϣ첻Ұ
ߺһ˲࣬ͬ˻ȥϣڵȥʱ򣬶߲ûжϣԭΪת굤ҪĲ̫ϡˣѰҵҲŪ굤
ҪеؼԼʦߵٶҲǼӿ࣬ûã˱ǿϡĻâӿǰ𽥵ؽӽڡ
ٺ٣ǰˣ¿ʦɱ໨ӴƳһеŵ꣬ҲǴȤЦ
ǿޣҲ޸㿴һʱˣɵЦ֪ʾԼҪ̫š
Ƶ˵ͷЦؼǰߣȻû˶ߵЦҲǲɵߣʮزã
˷ƵҲֺǺǵЦСӣΪ㻹أ⣬òǸûоۼϰɣ
ʵ߻ĵܣûռ㹻ĲϣӶǰ˵ɾͱˣֱӵؽߵϣǸ
ٺ٣ǸϴϢģɲֹһӴƹЦӰҲǳ˶ߵǰ
ŶʲôϢ˸ˣ߶ʱˣӿƳϣˣܿ˷ƱһӰӵɫҲǻƺеΪز˼顣
ôߣϢ𺳲ƿ˶һ̬Ҳ֪һǱˣԼʧʮͽٶȳ֡
Сꡭ㣿૵صƺе㲻˼ؿŻӷƱ߳ꡣ
ʦ𣬲Тͽݼʦ𣡡ˮڴתǿԼʦʱȻͬͨһͷİ׷иһᣬͲ
СꡭСꡭȻ㣡ҲݺᰡʧʮͽٶȻسԼǰš
Ͼڶ˵ħңԼĵڶͽȴҲִ󱯴ϲĸо
ЦеؿһĻʦͽطĻ棬ҲǸ̾һԼʲôʱܹص磬Լ˼氡


2288 𾪵Ķ
ܹԼʦطֱ꣬껶ϲ޳ˣҲǼò֪˵ʲôã˵ؾ۶άСʱ
ҵĺͽȥﰡΪʦѰ½ûӰΪΪ㡭Ǹлصʧ֮󣬶ҲǴΪѰ˺ü꣬ҲûϢ
ҡұĹ֮档ŵƶܺãҲǽƶԼĸһ
Ĺ֮أ߽üͷȻطҲǲİɵصô뵽ȥʧٵһʱ䣬Ĺ֮زǳ֡
ԣҲǺ˺죬е㲻˼ص׷ɱһͷޣȴû뵽ײʦֱ̣ӵشһߵ򣬺Ҳֱӵرʮꡣ

ȥҲһһ룬ҲƿڴǸϲģԼҲˣҵĹͽҲȥĻ쵰
ڵСȴͻȻش˼磬еĪ̧ͷһܣӣ˭ң
ȻһĻҲǲ֪һ˾ͣͺĹ֮أȫΪĹһ㡣
ȿȡʦˡе㲻˼صϾô˵ҲʦοѾĻûأָˡ
ôôϹԼҲ㣬ðҼͽȥҪţǵȥһٲɡ߼źӶҪ
ٺ٣˵ߣǿ㻹᲻Īزһ䣬Ц⡣
ʲôе㲻ԣһ۷ƵСӣôˣȥȥ
Ǹʦиҵø㡣Ҳͷĺߣϸصʦû
ɫʱƺٶܵˡϲһ֮ڣԼʧʮͽǳ֣ѵȥʮʦҲøŷزɣ
СѾͷ˵ʦ֮ʻиҺúõؿһƬ䣬ϧҲظ̾
ϧʲôأڲͦõôƤһЦʦͦģȻûϵ
ЦЦʶذѻӹͦⲻͺô
Ȼ˵˰ͷӦ˹ԭءͷϵϷЦ⣬еǡǿЦɣ
Ƶ¾ǱЦͲûŶӣǲϵس鴤Ц⣬ߣЩûƭ㣬ȷû
Աʹص˵ͷԼʦһ㣬ûסԼЦ⣬Цͣ
ô£˵ˡҲغߣ⵽ô£ѵԼǸʦֻûô
ٺ٣Щ˵е㳤ˣĹͽ˵ɡƺٺһЦϵȷ͸Ϊһ㣬Ͼù
ҲЦ⣬ʼʮǰ˵𣬲Ǵŵظһ½ڷ飬ǷƵĽ룬ԼСܴгɹӶѵ顣
˵˰Сʱͣ𾪣Ҳ̫Ϊ˰ɣԼǸʦ־Ȼûһл겻ϵؽת
غǿԼ侲ʲôЦûϢһȥĻ½޴𵴰
ƺһۣҲû˵öԼ˼һ£Ͼ֮ǰҲƺѯʹС˵ҪҪԶ߱ܣ˭ϵСȴǵصû£Ǹϼһ֪˵Ҵš
öȥܣҲδشĹС𡭡
˵Ǹνĺ岻һƲлת߿Цû뵽ʦֱԼݣȻദôһУҪ֪ԼһΪҲǾΪˣû뵽֪·ߵøԶһƲл궼ǿֱӵתֻҪһѣͽΪˡ
ǵģ˵µñܣԳ֮⣬ڻûܹ֪ݡƵ˵ͷ
غһҲǲ²⵽ԼʦôҲԼԭҲ׹ҲЦϼһͽƻҪû뵽ôһУʵ̫ˡ
Ц˵㣬Ĺ֪֮ʱ򣬶ǲ㱻ˣһƲлתһѾɵʵûа취õ


2289 
Ҳͬеص˵ͷͬʱҲǸ̾ȻðգϣǼһƲлϣлתûа취ѣô͵ָܻ
ʵҲõûôˣĽǺķ࣬Ϊ־ĴڣĻô˵
ҲǿЦҡҡͷܹԼһΪһЩɵеĶ֣ҲİգӺοҪĺ
ȥҲȤʵʦ֣˵вĦչͬʦֵܣٻҲȥ
ȥħˡƳĬһ£ǻص֪ħǶһ̣Ͼħһ궼Ǹɣ
Ȼ߳̾һҡͷЦˣǵͽҲûãʦֳ֣æŻ»ˡ
Ӷߵɫ֪ԼʦȥԸħҲǸӣһԼͽܣҲ޷֡
Ҳǿһ㣬ԲСǰȥħٶıҲʩչѲܹ˲ɣ
ʦ𣬻ͽߡʱҲƢһԹŮģ
ûһһͽ㹻ˡҲ뿪ˣҲ»ָ̬ȴɿԷһĨΡ
̾һҲǽص⣬һǰҪ֪һǰѾռϣǡ
ƵķûаôЦصһ۾Ϳ˷룬˵ת굤ҩҪ˵˭ΪϤƵḶ́Īڶˡ
ǵģҲޣʧһεĻǵʧĺĲ𡣡Ƶ˵ͷͷϵĲϸպֻݣһЩΨвֲϣ߲ʽڵЩл껨棬ȴǲ಻ٸոպá
ʧһΣ͵Ŷ߻ǰŮʧȥ˻ᣬȻҲǷҪһʧȥ˻ᣬÿϧ
ߵ˵ͷ֪ƲðգԲǹְæǷƶƵĻ߳ɵĳɹʾͲˣǶֵ߳Ļܹﵽͳɣô˵ҲҩĴʼˡ
УϷͳһ֮˵ҲڰϷԼЦص˵ͷ²ô˵ռҲǶռ㹻ķݶһݵػ굤һ굤
ǾͺáƳһŵǿʯҲ£ŶߵĵͷӦôһȻˮɡ
ƺ㻹ҪŹ־Ѿͷ˷ƵɫҲʵ
Ƶ˵ͷҪȥһ˵ΪħԸ񣬱ȻǽһζĲ֪ڶ֮ǿ򣬵Ϊ۳֮壬һƴҲҪȥġ
Ҫȥһ˵ΪûйƴĻһʱ䣬ħͻðճ֣Ա۳֮壡̾˿òȥΪǸ֮⣬ǰΪ˴֣ҪѰҲϴӶ޷ڼȻܹôΪһףƻܹס
֮壿߶ʱʧȻ֪ħʱ飬ԼҲһֲԤУԼǸͽν񹲷ô
Ӻԣʱе㲻ˣԭû¸߶ߣȻ˵ˣҲˣԺҲ֪
£Ʊǽŵһһʮص˳ȻҲǶ֮йһЩ֪˷Ƶ˵֮Ҳǲϵҡͷ̾
ͽɱ
Դħ֮һֱв̣ΪħҲͽܣǶ˴治飬ôû뵽ħȴ˵غͨ˶ǲŹͨǻǻУ׶Ź
ʦϢŭ꿴ߵɫ࣬Ҳο治ľٶʼѾͽˣѾħûˡ
߸̾ҡҡͷӶŷϵصлᣬǾͳֻɱ˲ˣ
Ƶ˵ͷ֪һҲǳ׵öߺģͨ˶֣ͬ޻ʲô


2290 ʸ˫
ڵõ˶ߵ׿֮󣬷ҲǾ̻ص֮УϾ²ȥøȥǱСϣڴ֮󣬻һҪڵԼ
ǾԼϵǴӡǣӡǣСҲǷǳظ߹ʱֻҪŰȥɹǴǾͿȥ
ĸôϴǴҲδ㹻İȥӦӺοһһǾǱϴӿǴ
˵ܲܶɹҲһδ֪֮ǷƾòȥҪص֮УԴӽ½֪ǱѾǹȥ˶á
ҲʹС½λʱû̫ı仯СĻشǲ̫Ĳܻ࣬ƫһЩ
Ѿǹȥôã֪Լ缰ʱػص֮УνǻӵģǾһζɹǴȻûгɹ˲ɹ
һɹ۵ľ磬ôشĽͻᱻƣʱ϶һѪȷ磬ƾʱֻССڻлԼǿܹǿ
岻һһֱԼѹŵ壬֪ǵڻ᲻ŸӿµִڣȵؽʧʱһһرĳǾ鷳ˡ
ƾת굤ɹǴǷҪܶĿ꣡
ڴŶ߻صǵʱȻҲûֻ̫֪ʥȼڳϾϢҪܣħ𶼲֪Լ߱ɱʦ𻹻š
÷Ʋǣȴǻصǣȴǿһߣƺʲôķ£·Ҳ΢΢һ㶡
ôˣѵʲôôüͷһĪڵǱߵ仯
ҵ찡ڼʱˣٲҶ֪ôˡƵĳ֣ʱ¶һɫѷƵԼľһ
ûʱƳֶ˵ȷǾΪʸ˫ˣ
ڷʧʮ棬ʸ˫ÿһʱͻһǣָҪѰҷƣÿζ޹գ룬ʥ˶û˿ڷƵϢôܸ߻ʸ˫ء
ʱƣʸ˫һҲûмŷƣҲ˻һΣȥһˣȴûг֣ʧ˵ȥҲûţʲôЦһõĳǿߣܹʧ
ԼԸˣʱʸ˫оͷΪǲԸ⿴ԲÿζڣڷƸǻǵʱɵĺ䶯ȷǱȽϴһ㣬ʸ˫ȻҲ֪ˣٴǣ˵һҪơ
ʱǰʥסˣ˵Ƿƻûǻûãһֳȥ˰
ʸ˫л۵ԹǱˣҪǣֱƳΪֹһĻʥͷ۲ѣʸ˫ôãְܲܶɣʲôݣҲøӷơ
ȥԺɣŮ˿Թһڵ㣬ٻһ㣬ƾ͵ðǶ츲ˡһίص
ʸ˫Ҳˡ΢΢㵣Ҳǵ˵ͷļЦû£ȥɣҲҪ
Ķߺȴһۣɻ󣬴ӷƵƺʸ˫ôðĪʸ˫ͷ֮仹ʲôϵ
ûв´ƺͻʸ˫֮ĹϵνǸӵ㣬Ҳ˵
ŶʩΪҲ֪ߵĴڣҲûԵöôȣֱӵشŷƣǰ룬һƵĺ
Ҹǣٲ÷ǸĺҾͰǸˣбǾͶҳ֣
һ˵ٶͦ죬Ƭ̾Ѿǽӽ˺ǻûһŮΪǶŭһӿ治ǿЦġ
ôǸĺˡе¶һЦеɫаСӣͦôŮˡ
һҲЦһѰɫĺӣȴǰ갡
ҲӲͷƤ˺Ȼһǿһ߲â֮еٻӰʥһЦõǰ档
Թԣ˵ҾҰһ۱ǽĸҲǵһ亹ôоʸ˫һһ


2291 ˵壬
ȻʥһǿŻʸ˫жŵʱ򣬷Ѿ󣬹˼˵ע⡣
ƣСڻˡ
Լǳ鷳Լʰ
ʥ˿Ƶĳ֣ʱҲһȻǸûʸ˫ûޣȥ¶ԷԸôңпܰǶǸƷ˹
˵ĺ̲סôȻڳΨһӭƵľǻʸ˫ˣ˷Ƶĳ֣ɫʱһ˫Ȼ޾ŭ⡣
ȿȣλʱرһ°ɡӺԣеεض˵Ͼͻʸ˫֮ĹϵǼΪӣЩ˵洦һ㣬һԿžе㲻˼ˡ
ʥһǿҲ˹˻֣ôҶɢˣСӣ֮ǰʹضŷŪɫƷ˷̣һСӵЦݾ֪û¡
٣СҪ۸㣬ҽӴֻˣȴ֮ǰȭͷص
ˣһĵⶼʲôʲôѾͷҲǸ壬鲻ǰɣ
һ꣬Ŀ˵ȥʣ¾ֻзƺͻʸ˫˾ӡ
˵ĺ㲻úʸ˫ҧݺݵŭȻеŭᣬڷ⼸ʮûг֣Թޣ
ƳĬһ£εصҲǱܶȥһطҲ⼸Żġ
ҹȥʲôطѵͲǸӸôȥôãȥѰҹʸ˫ɹܲôֱ࣬ӵضŷǴЩǻ
һŮ˵ӱʲôҪڻʸ˫ΪҪԼһΪʧȥԻԼǸδıĶӣôǻ˵
⼸ʮ棬һֱڵѰħӰȻħ̫ˣԺڶǿ߶ûз֣Ӻοʸ˫һˡ
ڻʸ˫ȴǶͷŲʣһ㶼ĵӣĺô˵ӷҲзˣ
ƼĬ̶̵仰Կʸ˫ЩĿɲôãһֱںŬȥѰħ䣬ȴͽ޹
ˡƻ˹ȥŴʱ˫ˮĻʸ˫ĵطǱһ㣬֮ǰĺ⣬Ҳûˡ
ſ֣ʸ˫ŵֱӵĿ˷ҪϵƣҲǶ˫粻ϵصţΪί
ƿŻʸ˫ģҲܲζҲǶıǸ֪Щ࣬ԼĿԣҹ˼ǸӣҲûа취ҪЩ֮󣬲ܹȥѰħټ
ʸ˫̾һ˳Ƶؽʸ˫ţһλʸ˫ȴûжԵĿܣƱſ
ء㡭ġûġ
ʸ˫һ߿һŷƣƺҪ⼸ʮԹҪͷųҲǿЦãԼ»ʵĺˡ
ˣ޳һ㡣Ҳûʲô¶һĨɫϵŻʸ˫ļο
ʸ˫޵øˣǽǰ½Ǳˮմʪڴ˷ֻһЦϵذοš
ԶʥȴԶԶعۿһĻҲ̾ϣ˵Եܹ˰
ٺ٣ƲˡһԺٺһЦ
ô˵Ȼ֪ʸ˫ͷǰʲôϵȴŹͬ⣬һ޷ıģܹȻáҲ΢Цŵ˵ͷ
ȥƬ֮ƺǿˣʸ˫ǻֹͣ¿Ȼȴǵһʱ˷ƵĻȻڸղŵĳ嶯еΡ
Ӻԣһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôãܲһֱοɡ
ջǻʸ˫ȴ˳ĬۿʵҲǰʲôжôΰ󣬵ҪһȥѰǸӣ
һ£ҲǿЦõص㲻ңҲ׼ġ
ţʸ˫üͷϻûüˮԵøӳ
Цһ£ưʸ˫ˮûв´ĻħڽڳڵǱߣҪľǰѺӴ
ԣʸ˫ɴ˫ۣ¶һ˼ɫæģ


2292 ǰ
˵Ϣڻʸ˫˵һΪ𺳵ϢȻôħϢ
ȥϣʸ˫ҲǼæصǸӣʸ˫Ǳ˭ҪںûзôƴҲħѺӴߡ
Ƶ˵ͷȴǳһ£м£ұҪȡ
ʸ˫סˣһ·ƣʲôȺӸҪȴͻȻһĪǹǸӵģ
ǲǸӳʲô⣿ʸ˫ʱɫò԰ˣҪ֪Ǹӿνȫ֧ţǸӳʲô⣬ôⱲҲᰲ
ģǺûʲôΣգǡȴǿЦѵҪ˵Ǻǡ֮塱ô»ʸ˫һʱ֮޷ܡ
Ͻ˵Ůһ衣ʸ˫ֱӵûذһ۷ƣȻǹϵǸӡ
˵⼸ʮϷѪôȫ˱ɱǸغһЩ³ҲҪʸ˫֪˵
֪Ҳ׷ȴûʲôʸ˫üͷô֮ϣüëһɻص㻳Ǹħйأ
ǻɣǵȷǸйءؿһۣȷе˵Ǹйء
ʸ˫ʱҡҡɫе԰ףҲӿһµͷѵǸģôܣ˵
пħµ֣һжΪǸӡҡҡͷҲǲȷصϾӵһСŮ濴ֻħ֣ûˡ
Ͻ˵ʸ˫Լֵʱ򣬶ʱҲһЩǸģΪ϶Ҳס
ħһʣΪ׺ҪǧŰپʮŸ˵Ѫ۶ɵһʣΪ֮塯ޱصǵĺӾǱħΪʵ˵һʣħǻжᣡ
֮壿᣿ʸ˫û¾Ѿ£ħԼĹ⵱尡һƳʲô֮壬ֱӽжᣬνǶ
ɱħһҪʸ˫ɱʱӿֶ˫֮ж޾ŭ𣬽΢΢زţȻضԴԼĹ⣬ħ̫ɺˣ
Ǻӡ̫ˡʸ˫ͻȻ滨سȻ֪£϶ܹ²õԼĺӣ¹Ҳôá
νġ֮塱Ҫô˵ѪȥǸоΪֲˣοһ۳ɣҪħᣬǵöĺӡ
ȱż˵ꡣҲһͷߣŮôɫȷ黹Ҫ죬ֿ
Ѿ˹ȥ˵ħҳֵĻһƱûа취ѵġƽüͷԭҲǴѰҵ㣬Ȼһȥһ˵򡣡
˭ȥˣڻ˱ô㶼ôģʸ˫ԣʱסˣȻħ⣬ôԺȫ׷ûа취ǷƵɫƺ˵һιȥֵ˺˲á
С𡣡صһЦСڻܶ˵ȴպлٺͻʸ˫˵Ϳˡ
Ǹ壿ʸ˫üͷСҲһӡ󣬲ȴǱŻɵ̬ȣȻǸҲʥ۷ңħʵ󽵣ҲԲСܹеġ
İɣǱ濴ȥô򵥣Ҷǲ㱻ƹȥˡЦЦʵҲˣֵʱ򣬿νİһ
Ǿͺãǻ̹ȥɣҹζ࣬һֲĸоʸ˫Ҳغһ¶һǳɫ
İɣһжҡЦЦһ̣֮ĶԹƺǻɢ
֮ٶȻָ˳Ĭƺͻʸ˫һۣƺҪ˵ʲôȴû˵
ˣûĻڴ֮һǴ۾磬ʱһɹĻǾܹȥˡƳĬһ£Ҳǻص
ʲôͻƣʸ˫𺳣һŵ飬뵱ƵΪԼҪ£ȴѾȽнô
ǰʱ˳Խˣһһ𣬲ʧˡʸ˫üͷаô


2293 ̸
֪ôҪȥӲˣľֲǲ֪ҲԳһЦȻںͻʸ˫ĹϵǸӣǰĶԹѾſҲûбҪȥ׷ˡ
塭ʸ˫̾һѾ֮뵽Ȼǻ࣬ȥʼǻ̾ľͷʵ档
ҪСȣܹΪһϵ̺ʵûа취ġ
ʸ˫ֻǵصûй˵ȻʱغͷûжԹô˵ҲȵʥŮһƳɵ۵Ļпܽµ۷塣
Ϊͷ֮һȣٶһƻص֮УʼնǻЩͷʵ棬ʱᷢʲôǻʸ˫ԼҲϲ
Ƶ˵ͷһҲǼΪܹĴУǱ濴ȥǰ򵥣ǷȴֻӻԻ͵۷壬˶ѣ
ʱ˵ɣǴܲܰȥһδ֪֮ƿЦҡҡͷ뵽ôԶľ档
ʸ˫ҲȻص˵ͷȴһ˵ĳʣһһֱû˵ǾһͻƳɹǻص֮Уôȥȣ
ΪȵʥŮݿνޱȣһ֮£֮Ȼǿ˵㣬ԲΪһȵ֪ǵʥŮȴŷŹϵӶˣǻᷢʲô飿
һʸ˫ǲԸȥ룬ǲҡ
Ȼǵʱ򣬱ϾҪԼĺӸȳҪ¡
ƣ˵Ǻʲô֮塯壬ǵʱǰħɱˣҲʸ˫üԲص
ģİɣ˵ˣûгɹΪ֮壬Щ˵ǿԸǺӴһ컯΢΢һЦСĻҲŲɣϾ˺ȼǿߣҲûбҪƭ
˭ʸ˫׷ʵ¹صԼ飬˿Ź
ʼҲεص𡣡
𣿣ʸ˫ɴ۾ʧôܣҲ½ô˽ӽ꣬ɺҲǼΪ˵Ѿʮô
кܶ²֪ôͣСǺתʼʵҲǲ֪ôȥ£̫ˣԾ͸һС
ԭˣѹСȥ˵źĻħҲһʸ˫ȻҲǾ֣СҲǼȴûϵԷͷȻô
߰ɣֱͨŵĴͽȥ򣬳Сǻغһ֪ħʲôʱ֡ʼ
ʸ˫˵ͷƺŻʸ˫Ҳһǿ߸ǶȥͬʱҲǽԼƾת굤ĲϾؽߡ
İɣ֮󣬾ת굤ܹˡ߿һĿĲϣҲǺɵصҲܹϣ
Ƶ˵ͷǺͻʸ˫̤޵֮Уֱĳȥȥ֮ҲǸ̾Ů˶ô
ҲԵģֻҪ㲻ʦͿˡʥһЦҡͷ˵ʦȻһˣһҲߵһ
𡭡ʦڿҡæҡͷһ̬̿
ˣʦ˵һͻƳɹҲҪȫ˳½ôʥһ£ʳһֱҪʵ⣬ǰ˶ûпǹǿʱǴģǱҪ⡣
һ£Ҳҡͷ̾ǻȥܹȥȻǵһǴȥʮ꣬˷ǣǻȥĻҲϴǡ
ǻǲȥôʥ˵ͷĵǲûдϾȥôʱ䣬˭֪ڵֻʲô
ȥһҪȥģ֮󣬺γûطţ˵ʱŷСӾͿˡЦ
֪˼ҵôġʥ̾һµľȨںҲСϡ
Żʸ˫֮󣬾һڣҲڵٴ̤˵һƬϣƲиţԼ


2294 ħֶ
˵֮еһΪ³ǣǵСԼһУΪ࣬ſѸٵͨС
ҲǴŻʸ˫ѰҵС𣬵Ȼûʸ˫СԼǺڻ֮δһľ𼶱ĴڰδҲ̫һɣȻǽӶѰҵô𼶱ǿ
һŵ֮У¼ȾͷҪ壬ҲҪ˼С
ٺ٣СãС𿴼ƴһŮ˳֣Ҳ֪˻ʸ˫ݣҲǲɵ÷ƿЦ
ʦɱС𡣡صںȻҲϰΪˡ
ǻʸ˫ɫе㲻ȻҲǳĬԱߵĺڻȴĿ¶ɫ壿ѹ֡
ڻǰʶ𣿡üͷ
Ҳйһ֮Եϧһ˽ջˡڻҡҡͷ
ɫ䣬ȴǲڻɫòе㲻ԾŵйһЩϵ»ǲǳ
Ҳûд׷ʣպϸϸһ֪
ôûаղħʲôʱ֡ĵľԼĺӣҲֱӵ
С˵ͷûв´Ļڽ죡
죿ƺͻʸ˫ɵòһôǽ죬⵹е㳬ǵϡ
ҵصпܾ³ǡСصΪҺͺڻĴû֪ǵټҲû˲⼸죬ܹʱʱֵزһаϢС
˼˵ħѾǱˣüͷһ㵹û뵽ħȻôֱӵǱ˳ڣѹû˷Сֻܹģز
ţҲ֪ÿ֮ʱ򶼱ȻԲ֮ҹҲպþڽ⼸ҲûȽҹ٣֪СΪɵص
Ըħ𣬶ǶԷ̫ˣС޷ȷλã˵ˣóȻضȥѰҵĻ´ݾߣ𵽷ãһħףֱӵسˡ
Ҳûа취£ħȻǵΪȴҲϸ緢һͷĺꡣ
ȷħ³֮ж֣Ҳ׼˰ɣϾ³ΪһǣҲŲٵĸ֣ûǵĳ֣ħҪҲһ֮¡ƽüͷħѡ³ǵеϣп϶è塣
С֮Ҳźڻһۣ˵ûյõϢ˵ħΪǱȲһЩ벽ۣô˵ĻҪֱӵ³Ƕ֣Ҫеѹܴ󣬶ƫƫѡ˵ûк֣Ҳûš
ǰСû뵽һ㣬ڿ³
һ˱ǸԳ˼ħʲôƿ޼ɵ³Ƕ֣Ͼһˣǿߣ˵һħʼ֣ͻǱ֣ô˵˵ܲϢ֮ͱĨɡ
˵ħ᲻³ǵһ¡ʸ˫ͻȻ̧ͷƺ뵽һЩʲôؼ⡣
뵽ʲô˵˵Ҳ͵ǰһƺԼץĳһ⣬ǾôҲ²͸ʲô
ħĳס³ǵĻôѪͼ࣬ͷβǲó֣ʸ˫һһصƣ㻹ǵõħڵʹõһô
˵ħҪְͬ취ﵽĿģƾϲؽепܣ֮£Լǿ͸˵ǿˡ
ûҲְֻ취ħ㹻İ³ʩչļƻʸ˫˼ϻۣһӾ͵㵽ĵط
ʵϣҲǲ¶ˣħȷǴְ취ѪҺռ˵ǷƵûе˵źܴػóѣʱ֪ʸ˫Ѿǲ²⵽İ취֪᲻Ρ
Ҫ֤Ļܼ򵥣ֻҪĵ³֮в̽һͿˣһ󷨣ڵķΧڱȻ˿ѰҡƼᶨص
Ǿɣ󷨷ҿǱȽССȴͻȻһЦ


2295 Ȼ
Сг飬ƶʱǷˣı֤ܲǳʲôϾһޱȹϵħǵֶܹù
Ȼһζ˻ʸ˫ѣȻ÷Ƶ˵ȵϵʱ򣬲ŷǾ̫ˣ
СҲ΢΢ر˫һ޵ʶǴȥʶĲΪ΢ƶûзҲǲò̾СֶΡ
Ҫ֪һ˵ԽǿôʶԽǿɨӶôҲС㣬ƶûа취
Ƭ֮СȻȻ⡣
ô˵ƵȶһµĲħֶΣ¶ԷֶôʩչĶǲ֪Ѿôħ̿ҲҪˡ
ǾȥЩ쳣ĵطĨʸ˫ݺݵصħȻ˶ǸҲǼʶ̫ˣһȫ߶벽ۼǿ߶ܲοͨˡ
һĺݣ³ǵ˶ŹڻҡҡͷԷĳ̫ˡ
ȵȣڶֵĻ»ħֱƻ˻֣ʾҰһ벶ȸںΣ
˼ǣСʱ¶һЦݣҪʲôѾǲ²õˡ
ûв´ĻǼһﻹ֪ǵĵǲ֪Ѿǲ²⵽ҪʲôǵơЦŵΪԼڰһж֪ǲڰ
ãС΢΢Ѿ˴ŵĲ衣
ֹô򵥣˵ȵħҪֵʱ򣬲ǷԼһ˲ʧЧʲôӵıأ¶һЦݡ
ܹв󷨣ΪǲܣС˵ͷĶЦ⣬ٲһƣʱܵĻᶼûС
˵öԣҵ˼ЦصСķԼһ沼һԼҲû
ǰ˭ǵ˭ùڻһƻ֮ҲǲЦħ𣬵Ϊؼʱ̣ȴǷ飬ƻƵѪ
ǾţСҳµ󷨵©Ҫ࣬Ǻĵֻ֣Ҫһݻ٣󷨾޷תͿˡƵ˵ͷ°ɳ˼ȻСȥһȫµĽƣ³ǶС
ðɡСʼҲǵͷӦ
Ҫʲôʸ˫ɵļ뵽ǿԿǸδıĺӣҲǼ֡
ܼ򵥣ȵСҵЩĵ©ʱ˾ڸֻҪħһǾ̴ݻ٣ǾͿϳ֣Χˣгص
취νǲ򵥣Ƕħ˵˿֪ԼʱǱô˸ˣΪԼļƻ޷죬ʱԺǱߵǿ߷ӦҲΪʱ
³ǵһɽ֮УħһݵӰһɽ֮Уƺڵȴʲô
ʦǽ϶ô
ùǸݵӰ˳Ĭ΢ѯʵħ
ţʲôôħ˫е㲻ؿһۣҲǻشûԲ֮ҹǰѾ׼ˡ
ŶӰ΢΢ҡһ£֮ƺһ˿Ρ
ôôħƳһۣصϿǻѪΪɱƣҪô
ǣʦݵӰ˷֮󣬻һӾǱ˿һɼΪҵѪϢϵۣͬһħ
ţͺáħźۼص˵ͷȴ¶һĨݵɫȵ֮ɹ֮ʣħʱ
ʱҪ֪ħ½ף
ҹܿͺƵҲûаæھСϸ̽Ѱ֮£ҲǷĵλãֱ÷Աߣһ߶̴ݻ٣
ԼҲǳʱ䣬³߶һƣ˵ʲôȴ˿ռ䷨޷
ڽ˵Ѿ㹻ˣħ죬ܹλǿߵ뿪
źҹĽ٣֮ж˰֮Уϵе죬쵽ͨ˶ǲ˲Ծظظҡ


2296 ħ
һ𽥵³ǵϿգ˴۶˺ҹ֮Уʱ³ǵΧȴȻسĺɫӰվһɽ֮ϣңң³Ǽ̵ĳǽ
ȺһΪͿֹң˶ǾۼãʡҵܡħǹЦͬĺһҹ֮л
߰ɣʦʱѾǲˡħԱߵһӰҲǵͳ˵һ仰͸¹⣬ǿǼΪ԰׵ɫֹһĨ̡
ȵȣһڱصãҪСʹ괬ħҡҡͷ˼ȴǽޱȣԽǵֹؼʱ̣ԽСģȻԼһžԵģƾʱ³Ǽǿߣ޷ԼֶΡ
Ϊ˱ⷢĪе⣬ħҪȥϾҲһʱ̣һӰҲǵ˵ͷӰ³Ȼ
ֻҪʱһν³Ҳ˲仯ҵ˫ѾմȾѪмΪӣЩħѾǼʶ̫ı磬һжǸйأ
ôЩѪȣҲûĵһ˿ʧÿһĬĬؿһһϵԼǰ㣬ıܼ尾
ֲȥֹΪСԼʦ͸Լϼ縺Ѫ𣬱ҪٶȳɳֻҪܹȥΪԼĸĸ
ұɹ֮һǸϴɫüΪӡãıԼɹ֮Լֿʲô
ƺӶµһԼѾ˱ˣ⼸ʮÿһڳ֮У˿޷ͣ磬һɱԼĸ֣Լ
ԱߵħȻҲûвɫ仯ʱȴ𽥵˷ֻҪȵ˽֮ɣԼͿԽжᣬʱʧȥĶܹҪ
ƣǸҵţ
ħƵʮȴ㲻㣬֪ʱ³֮УλǿڵΪֶζǱƽ⣬ŵֱתܡ
һǲ֪ΪԼŲߣȴ֪벶ȸں
ʱħôû֡
³֮Уʸ˫ͷվһǰʱʱ̧ͷһҹе£Ҳǽüͷ
İɣС˵ǾһħӣΪ˽Ҫȵʱǻ֡ɫƽħĽƻӣᡣ
ֵˣҪô֣һ־ͱһȻöԷлһεΧߣһҪ׽Է͸ˡ
˵᲻ǲʲôʸ˫ʱ磬Ͼһϵĺӣ˾ͿʼǶ෬ưοʱ򶼵ȥѰħˡ
ģİɣڶʲôˣﻹеʥŮһ򶨡̹ȻһЦв֪ΪΣദΪǢġ
ʸ˫ԣɵð˷һۣҧгݵصⲻ쵰
ȿȡͦԲġε˼̧ͷŲ֮еһ£˻ʸ˫Ļ
˵ĺʸ˫ģ򲻵һȻֱӵס˷Ƶ˸ʮת
ҡƱôͻȻϮһ£ɫʱͱˣתͷŻʸ˫װһݺݡ飬֣ҪȻͰɶˣ
󣬷Ҳʹ¶һɫԵ´Żʸ˫ЦӴڿɴ򲻹ҡ
Է񣬻ʸ˫һӾͺˣҲɿŭå
ٺ١Ц
ŵ㣬ʱ򻹹ŵ飬Ҳ˳޵Ϣ߸ʱСĴȴǴݹ˵ɫ˲ıء
˵óô΢УӹһĨɱ⣬Ҳϱȥּǿ˵ʱֻһ˿ɱⶼöԷע⡣
ȻƬ̹󣬷ƶǲɼΪ΢Ϣڽӽ³ǣиһϤޱȣȻħ𣬶һȻİȴǸһһĸоǾѪĸо


2297 벶ȸں
ºڷҹӰȻس³ǵĳǽ֮ϣ˵ϢʮأƵǿ߶ܹǿ֣˵ˡ
ħ׵رǻ˽ڲԶѲߣҲǶԴû˿Ĳ
ʱˣһͳ׵سΪɣħǿϵӲɵ¶һĨ˷ܵɫֻҪ˽ҹôܹĹ
ԱߵӰĬħƳһۣ׼ɣҴ߶󷨼ɡ
ʦһʧôһǿ߶Ļֱʱе㵣ģϾ³ǿǣ̺ŸĴţһ߷쳣ǿǿ˲
İɣҪľǰվͿˣҵ󷨵ʱὫ³ǶǳΪһƬѪŶѣһȻ޷ʹáħҲгصٴ֮ǰѾϸǹ⡣
Ҳǵ˵ͷԼõλãҵһƫƧĵطϸ۲ĻǿԷطԹ죬ΧʯŸֿҵĿ̻ۼէۿȥƺȻۼγɣʵȴħĲµΪؼĵطҲۣ
ħ𿴵Ѿ׼ˣҲȻ̧𣬿һ²֮һ£һĨпЦݣֻҪһͷеʮ˿ڵͻ˲㣡
ħϲƿرȨƬصҪ˭˭˭ͱҪ
Ҳħħؼ֮˵ȫµˣħֵͷǲҲǲź³
ǵŰɣ
ħЦȴͻȻ޷Զ죬һ̣³Ƕһ㣬һµħ֮
ֹȻһֱڰеķƵһǿߣǻûκζҪؼʱ̳֣ܸ˿ĻԷѣ
ʱ³֮һЩǿҲ͵˫ʶƺʲôǴʱѾˣΪħѾʼ߶󷨣
ħ濪ʼһ˿˿ɫĹâЩɫĹâϵûΧ֮УͬһķӦ³Ǵʱĵ涼͵طâγһһ磡
⣡ħ𣡡
ʱЩ³ǵǿǷӦ˹ϤҲڵڼʶֿµ󷨣ʱٴγ֣ħ˭
ţ֪ͨˣϱԺɳǿԮģ
һȻͷǿܻص¿ɺˣħȻ˵Ϊֱӵض³֣ʥҲû뵽
磬ˣ³ǵĿռ䶼ˣǵĴҲǳ˼䲻ȶ״˱ļ󣡡
һ䲻Ϣ⼸ǿɫøӲ԰ף¿군ˡ
ߣһҳëƴˣΪ׵ǸǿҧǰǾǲŸħһƴͷҲ˵ħΪʹǻʣ״̬ǿҲǿȥ
³һλǿ򣬿νҲǲٵˣǿʼͷųԼҪѰҵħޣ
ǣϵǣ³ֱ仯Ѿóڵڶͨ˲ˣǴʱڸ߿տȥͻᷢ³ƺǳһ󷨣µķڵ˸Źâ
ͨ˴֮оѣֵ߳ؿܣǲ֪ʲô顣
ϴԴͷڳһǿ߾ϲؽȷ˲ѰĲΪ׵ǸҲһ𣬻˻֣ʾ˸ϡ
Ȼ⼸˲ŸǶΪ׵ǸǿɫȻرò԰ףʧصˡ
Ϊʱ³֮еѾֹͣˣּľѾ㹻ˣֻǱ֮ǰƽѣ
ô˵༸˵ɫҲͬңѵô
ʱħҲص⣬ֻҪԵƬ̣󷨾ͻȫرôĿľܹɹص
뵽ϵЦݲǸӵŨƺǿ˷Ƶ˶һһԼնɱһĻȻƽ״ȴһֱȥ


2298 ֮
žļžʱ³ǵĵ϶ǳµķɢâ˳Ծȴȴû˿νǹ졣
ף³ЩǿߴʱҲǾɵӣе㲻ԾĸоǴ߶󷨣ȥôʱ䣬˿ĶûС
˵ˣʱħҲǾùޱȣӵЦ𽥵ҲԼزһֲԼֲµ󷨣ôܻ⣿
ħǲģϾΧϵķӡʾһ´߶󷨣ǽȴһģһû˿
⵽ô£
ħĶʱͻˣôܻʧܣԱߵҲɻ˫֪ʲô飬ħͶȥѯʵ
ȻʱħԼ֪ô
ϴôһ£һ˲ʵ⵽׷ʲô飿˵õأôûж
Ϊ׵ǸǿҲǽüͷ˼һ£Ҳǲ֪ΪΣ˻֣ҲֱȥħץסԲˣ
ǣ
ŭһӰǻ⣬Ѹٵظ˳ڵķ򣬶ʱħҲǲ˳ڵǿѾǷӦ˹Ҳŭ
ʲô飡
־ֱץԼֲöµģԲܻ⣬Ϊξʹ߶ˣ
ħ΢΢ü˼һ£Ҳ˽ۣһ˰жֽţƻ󷨵תµɻֳˣħȷԼټԲЩ˿Բõġ
ʦ߰ɣ˸ˡʱݵƺҲ֪˷һЩ⣬Ҳ̾˿в֪ΪͻȻ࣬˫ֲմȾô
ȻħʱȴǷŭ㣬ŭߣҾͲˣö£ң˭ܹ󷨣Ǻ
زħ𷴶ǷóɹԼֻôһ룬ô˵ͷȻ֪ǣƻ󷨵ĻľǺ
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ǼλǿѾǸϵǿħĴڣҲǽ࣬Ͼձô˵һ𰡡
ħôĵӣȻͶΪ׵һǿŭȵħôһ˿ηǾôѪҲһжλŪģľηʧõȻ޴档
ӲˣǿҲǷ׷׸ͣΪǶǿħȷûǰǿƣǶǲ磡
ǽͷݶѣҲϷᣬҹħŭЦƶκβңʲôʸ񣿣
һ⼸ǿ߶ʱƿʧԣȷǵĴҲûʮİħǣԼûġ
ôһοܲҵӳȥ
ȻʱһĮȻȴȻ𣬶ʱħľҷӦ³ǵǼλǿһ㶣ҲǷӦ˹˲Ƿô
ȻħʱɫǱˣΪʧ飬ԭһжǷڸԷѾǰ֪Լĵǲ²⵽Լͼ
ģߣħһʱٴŷƶ֣ûκʤ㣬ֻѡߣԱߵһһ㶣û׹ʲô飬ħóˡ
Ȼɻ󣬵ҲûзħӰ˸ֱ³֮⣬˵ĶѸ٣ڳ⼸ǿߣûзӦ
Ƿôֽħɱ
ħ룬⼸ǿ߶ʱļˣȴħٶȣֻĿŶܡ
޷һǾܲġ
ͻȻռ仺Ťƺͻʸ˫ƿնзƿһǼǱӵħҲһĨϷʵЦݣȴûκεĶ
ǡôʸ˫ʱȴǲעħȴǰԱߵһӰϣе΢ԿȥɫҲǻ࣬ȥǵݵӰӦþԼͻʸ˫һֱҪѰҵ⣡
ʱƺиӦתͷŷƺͻʸ˫˵߶һ͵һ֮һĪĸо


2299 
ڼĶӣһ˲䣬ǲǷƣǻʸ˫꣬жһĪĸоָоأͬһִ
ô£ǵ˭Ϊһָо
Ȼһ£ֹĸоδʱƺͻʸ˫ߣͲ뿿ȥ·Լһ㣬ԲẦԼ
ȻָоԼǲȷʱƺͻʸ˫ֺ룬ǶһۣѾǲ²⵽ݣȻԼȵ⣡
ǵĺӣʸ˫˫ǺᣬԼĺȥıӰҲǳһĪıˡ
Ƶ˵ͷİɣһξԲħٻ뿪
ʲôߣħȴǿͬһʯһ㣬ҲǲɵŭһǷӦ˹
Ȼħǣƾ˵ټѸ٣·һȺȴûκεĶҪԼ뿪
ħ˫΢УʶزﲻԵӣʱǲɵ룬ֻӲͷƴ塣
ۿħҪ³ǵķΧļλǿҲļ٣æǽ˷ƵϣԷȴ˿ûκαʾ
ơһǿ̲סʡ
ƻ˻֣һЦİɣħӲˣ˲ãҲǿ߳ûΪͻȻҲû֪ͨǣݾߡ
÷ô˵⼸λǿ߶ʱǻ˹ԭԺǱߵǿ׼Ҳѹû֪ͨߣôһ˵⼸λǿߵɫʱͱ΢һ㡣
Ƴһ⼸ˣҲһ⼸³ǵǿߣ֪ͨǣȻһ󷬶ʱ϶ͻᾪħ
µħҲҧǰߣڷƻʲôֶΣǾȫܹ뵽ģǵڣ֪ԼļƻôǱ¶öԷǰƻ󷨡
Ȼʱ³ǵܶͻȻظֳһ͵ĹâµڲϵǼ䱬ǿĿռ
ô£
ħɫͱˣɿռ䲨ֱӵطݵ·ߣǴʱ³ǵ˶ǽã
ʦмˣ΢ص
ģҾ˵ôῴܣԭź֣ħҧгݵصտǵùˣԼľٶȻǱԷ͸³Ǿ͵ǶԷ壬Լһ
ʱħѣҲǴ뿪ͷתŷơ
ƺͻʸ˫ǰ³ǵ༸λǿҲһۣΪĬطɢڼλãѾ𽥵γһΧȦ
ħ㻹ôƻصĮȻضħ޾ɱ𣬽ħɣ
ʸ˫ʱǹܲô࣬һ˫ض꣬¶ɫ
ܣħҵһЦ֪Լһο޷ǰ԰Ȼ뿪״̬ôûκλΧ֮뿪
ô֪ҵļƻģļʶԲܲҲ󷨡ħǲģԼʵžԵţ󷨸ûм֪Ҳʶ
ѹҶ³֣ԭˡ΢΢һЦһΪû˶ԸôСڵĻ»öԷóˡ
ǺգûܹƵҵ󷨣ħҧ
ŶЦ㻹
һ仰ħɫ䣬Ƶǳ𾪣⡭ôܣ
ƭңˣħŭ
ʱЩ³ǵǿҲɻӣ⵽׷ʲô飬ôź˹ϵ
죬Ȼħˡ
ʱһ紩ԽʱĺԶĲɣȴͻȻ˵ͷ֮Уħ͵һ¶˲˼ɫ
ռ仺ŤӰ𽥵ʾϢޱȵǿڶǿжһС
𣿣³ǿ߿˵ĳ֮󣬼ֱǱŴˣʲôʱ½ôˣ
ħǽضһϤޱȵӰþù󣬲̾Ϣԭˣ㻹û


2300 ;ĩ·
ħȻСϣʱ˿̣״̬ҲǿСʱ򵥣ǶԷһо־ϢϢΨһ˿ܹӵУ
ǾǺ
СǺ壬ħҲǼ֮ʱ΢²һѾǵóһ޽ӽȷĴ𰸣СǺ
˵ִ̫ȨħġС΢΢̾Ϣ
ǺǣʤΪΪܣȻǲ˵ʲôħҲɫüΪңǳ֣ûаϣ
֪ˣֺαصءС𻷱˫֣עħԲãҪҳ֣
ħ֮УԷȻǲԼùģȻĿǰûκλ룬˵ʲôˣ׿Ʋ˵ڻк֣һ𼶱ǿߣȫʢʱҲûаա
ûôףħ𾭹һ֮Ҳ¶ɫ˫ֱŷƣԱߵŭ㿴Ƿƣɱˣ
һ仰˵֮ƵȶΪ֮𾪣ħһôȻ
Ψһͬľǣõ仰֮˫۶Ȼŭɣ԰׵ɫתֳһĨ죬˵ϢǷǿҵı仯
һƺɫű޸˫ֱŷƣͬҪ˷һ㣡
ˣħȻ˶ʸ˫ʱò԰ףͻȻˣħ⺢ӽٳߵʱ˵Ҫ÷ԼĶӽɱ
ȻħС͹˸Ǻһ˼룬ǾǷĳˣǰһĻҲ֤˻ʸ˫еĲ²⡣
ƣе仯ˣһʸ˫æǽԼĶǾ˵˵˳ԣǸŭ졣
ħ𣬾Ȼ˸ԼĺϴԣʲôЦԼ⺢ӵף֮˵
ȥɣΪʦѾһɱ˾ǰڵʲôħЦ֪Լûа취뿪Ե¸ɴ÷ƺĹɱ
ӣصȴħҪ׼ֽ֮Ĩɱ
ȻʱǸȴǶˣһѪɫ֮УһѪɫһֱԼ˿û֡
벽ۣƽüͷϢҲǼֲ죬ԼĶӾȻǰ벽ˣѹħôţһöԷɹĻ˵ܹɾʹ֮λ
ʱħٽжĻôͲˡ
ƣҪ˺ǵĺӡʸ˫Ҳǲ֪ôˣֻؿԼĺӶ׳֣
İɣҲ˺ġ΢΢һ£ҲǴСʰħǰҶԼ׶ֺӣƾбҪнѵһ¡
ٶȼΪѸ٣һգ۵ʱѾ˷ƵǰʩչĹޱȵغж׼ŷƵҪ
ɱɱɱ
˫Ѫ֮ɫʱԺ֮ȫʣɱ¾ͷĿǰġˡƣ
СԼʦθ룬ƾɱԼĸΪ׼ħͷҪԼһˣԲ֣
ʮϴԣҲǳɹر˼룬һƵϢ˵Ķǳ޾Ŀɱ⣬οʱۿƾͳԼǰ
Ҳ˲ǹܹùھͬһɱ¾һֱƳ֣
ڵķƿǿЦãʲô£ԼĺҪԼ֣Ǹûأǲأ֮£ֻסԷʾСѸٳ֣Ǹħ
ţźݣ϶ܹ֮ʴӰ죬Ϊ̶ֵ̽˲䣬ܹǰһɼΪǱһԼ޷ƿء
Ϊ֮壬ҲȻһͬ궼ǲֻ֪ħֽţΪľܹ˳жᡣ
СʱҲƳһ۷ڵĵطҡҡͷ̤һ־ӸµħĮȻصȻִԲҾԶ֣䣡


2301 
ħɫƽֵһ̿ʼ֪ԼǾûа취뿪ܻܲȥһ⣬еĳѾŤҲܹ֮ǰƸӻɱһĻ

ħЦû֪ΪͷˣҲôſ񣬵ǻʸ˫ȴ֪ʵķչͬħԸǰ㡣
վһ棬ʸ˫ϣܹͣҪƽ֣ȻʱĻųɱ⣬һɱ񣬸޷
ƴʱҲǿЦãƣֻܹһһػ⣬ܹǻ֣Ѿǲ˲ԾҲûϸϸ׷ϾԺ棬ӡ˷ĳˣôһ
Ҫ֣ͣΨһܾǿסħ
С𣬳ְɣɱҿ⺢ӵϢе㲻ȹ̣ƺʲôһҲƬ̵Ľ֣ѾǴŵһЩ״ħ⺢ӵһЩֶΡ
СԣüͷҲ壬Ҳǵ˵ͷħ˵ɣ⺢ʲô
ħһЦȷһֶ˵˫һֳ޵ŷƴʱΪǱ״̬¶һֽЦݡ
ҵģС֮Ҳü֮һɫ˫ؽᶯӡһµĿռ䲨
ѻ꣡
СһǷƣħѾ޷Ƭ̣һ־ɱУǵȻҲֶΣħǰأ
ʲôѻꣿħЦɫˣûõȻ㲻棬ȻҪѻ꣡
ѻ꣬ǵǰȫɱû˿𣬵Ȼǰ߸
СԽԽǿħ𽥵ӿֳһĨֵɫҪҲǱԷѻ꣡
Ȼһ̣СĶȴǳϣӡѾ׼ˣС΢ħ¶һĨϷʡ
찡죬ô꣬ҵӶ²͸ʧˡ
仰£ħб͵һ£еãΪʱСһӡħʱΧĿռ䶼ǻһֵĲܿǸܵõԼ״̬֮£һжҲǱˣ
СҪĲѻ꣬ǽΪСħӣһԼ˵Ҫһ»ֱӵԱ͵òʧɴһСֶƭħ
ħ𱻽סҲӦ𽥵ֹͣ˶ŷƵĹתǰͶСϣĿ¶׹⡣
ĬضСȴǽеɱ⾡ѹΪΪǰȻԼ࣬ȴܹһһе
ſʦ
Ϊ˻ƣŲĲɣʸ˫֮󣬸ǶݣѾǵ⺢ӵ˶ٿࡣ
ʦʦɱСƳһۣҡҡͷĿصȻΪʦ֪Լݣ
Сĺʱ˰˶ȣͬǾһУú嶼Ϊ֮һ㶣þòƽ
Լݣ˫֮иֹһĨãҲǶʹԼʦÿһζǱʦֹ˵ʣԼñзһ죡
ԣСΨһ£ǾɱƣΪԼĸĸ
Ȼȴ֪ԼҲħһӶѣɱǣȻΪǱġޡԼ׳֣ʵǿɱ
˵ſʦܿǲԼľΪԷһ仰Ѿ˲ҲǾ֮࣬ѸٵطӦ˹
ʦСҲ¶һֺɸֵɫãǾ㿴˵ʦǶʲô
С֮иֳһʵâֱӵشֱȥһĻȴûʸ˫ʧΪСҪ֣Ҳæس
ҪС𡣡ȴһ˸ס˻ʸ˫ȥ


2302 ʧ
ûгСΪС϶ǿʱ֮ڵ⣬ڳΨһܹҲֻСĺ𣬱ȻǸӵ˽״
ûнжܣʵҲܣϾûǸԺضûУֱӵرǱһʵâС

ʵâ˲֮ſͬһʢĻ䣬оԼڣѪҺһ˲һ˵ĸоԼڡ
ԤϣһСĹûиκ˺Լ֮дһʵâȻܿǷ˲ס
ʵâ֮У˶âͬΪһ壬ಿλȴһֹĺɫâڣôէۿȥȴ˺ܲ
ʵâҫ֮£źɫâΣҪĴߣҪ壬ȴûκΰ취
⡭ʲôɫһֱԼԼزԼƺһȴһֱûз֣¾һźɫâ
ߣ񻹲ôСһǿ˵ʦµһֶΣȵ֮֮ʣܹжᣡʱ޷ǻֱӵرĨɱ
ˣʶزţǴʱ֮еâ𽥵ؽԼڵһźɫâ˳ҲǸܵһ˿ϤϢϢԴԼʮʦ
Բܣҡ£ɫ԰ޱȣƺǳܲסĴԼһֱΪ𾴵ʦȻҪԼж᣿
ôʲô⼸ʮ𾴵ʦȴǴԼһ㣬ʱ̵ڵȴԼ壬ָо˵ضģ
ϣźɫâ֮дݶϤȴ޷ϣΨħ𣬲˸ģ¡
ûв´ĻνʦСһֱ㣬һɱˣ־ǷưɣС𲽲ƽ˫Ŀضꡣ
ɫ󾪣ֵؿС𣬵㡭ô֪ģ
ʸ˫ԼĺӾȻģҲǹᣬƽرͬҲǺܲܣ֪˵ȻǻеĿܡ
ԣС˵Ļδⲻһǳõİ취С𻹷ǳϤ֮ʣħҪصļûκβ֡
һ֪ĸ˭Сע꣬ĮȻ֪ôһй
ٶҡΪӵؿһ۱סħƺҪõһͣǴʱħѾǱ˵ܶһ޷ݶ
ҡҵĸĸ˭
ù˻Ƶؿڵ˵Сͱ˻˳֮еģʽһֱҪԼĹȥһ˽⣬κħȴһֱ
СȴվǰҪһж˵
Сغһ֮һĨ֪̿꣬һԼЩ¶˵¶˵һĪĴ
һֱԼΪ𾴵ʦȴǰԼһʱ׼ŶԼȻԼνġˡȴԼĸףǺεȵķ̣
ò˵ûСһжǰħļƻУǾͬԸ÷Ƹӻɱ
ĸ׾ǷƣԱߵŮӾĸף˵ĳˣףСҲǽһ仰
ƺͻʸ˫ʱ˿̶ǽᵽɤӣܵʲô
Ȼһ仰ͬһУ嶼ҡҡ׹ģžֵɫŷƣûǾ֣
һֱԼǳ˵ķƣȴԼĸף֮仹ʲôӻôɫɵǸֳһĨЦԼʮأÿһ춼ԼԼŵĿǻɱƣ
Ȼͷֻһ磬ԼҪɱȴף
ۣ
ɫüȣֱӵһѪӵ鸡⼴شѾǳܲסѾһֻýѵͷ
һӣԼǻı֮¡ıı֯ȴԼΪ𾴵ʦôȥʵ


2303 Ļ
Ȼ˵ȥ޷ܣһжʵġ
ʱ򣬷վ˳˫Ŀض岻ҡ꣬˵ûħȷһֱ㣬ôѰʱҲͼѰټȴһֱûн
ܡܡ
԰׵ɫѪɫѪɫ˫Ҳͬʧȥһ㣬˾ǲϵڵظ仰ƺͻʸ˫һۣ˸еĲ̣ûа취ǱҪ¡
ѾˣҪƭԼôС𿴼鵽ֵزҲǻ࣬겢ȫ˵֮ˣʵ֤ݰڷǰѡţȴΪ̫Ĵһʱ֮޷ܡ
ңǲģ¶ʹ֮ɫħϣ
ʱħ֮ϵĽҲǱСֽ⿪˽ֵزһжѾʣҪʲôˡ
ħָһɫѾ֪˷ʲô飬ͬһֱ֮еǹҲǱ֪Ѿûκϣ
ģƣҺҲɱ㰡
ħ±¶˷ŭɫͼеĳҲͷųԼһվǻ˷ƵУ
ɫǲ԰ޱȣħⷬٶһУħָһ̿ʼûпԼһۣΪӵı

ŭһ֮гһ޾رԼʮأȴǶһ˿µı֮Уıı֯߶ԼΪ𾴵ˡ
ٶһѪֱӵص˶ǻ˹ȥΪܵĴ̫ˣһʱ֮ûа취ܡ
ӣ
ʸ˫һĻʱǱýޱȣһ˸ȥֱӵסǲ԰׵촽ŵѪʸ˫кͱһһ
ʱ־ģڻʸ˫Ļ֮УȴǸоһ쳣ůָоûгֹԼȻǲܣһںԼһ㡣
գȻ֮Уʸ˫Ϊʲô⣬±ǽͶ˷ƣϾҲֻзľ
İɣû£ֻܵĴеˣʶҪӱܣ˻֮УʱͿԡС𵭵ؿһۣ֮ҲһĨͬ顣
˻ţһֱ㣬ͷβԼΪ𾴵˱֯һı֮Уͷȴһ֮ʣ֪⵽Ƕôرˡ
غһߵ˻ʸ˫ߣѺӴһȥ
ʸ˫֪Լĺֻǻ˹ȥ޴Ҳһƺǲ˷ҪʲôҲ֮һĨɱ⣬ɱֻأ
ʸ˫˵Ȼħ𣬷˵ͷվվڴҪնɱħ𣬸Ҫվһ׵ħ֣
Сÿɣҽƻزͳȴһľɱ⡣
С˵ͷҲǼٵ˺󣬽ʣµĽϾѾǣ˷Ƶļ£ǸħŽ飬ʱҲ޷ٲˡ
ʱħ𿴼ԼֵͷҲһЦƣǿϧˣͲôһ㣡
ɫ֮࣬жǳһַŭϧҲǺܿϧϧôûɱòˣ׵ذ
ħЦ֮һ˵ĲЦħҲԲУ
仰£ɫ͵һ䣬Ǽٵ˺Ѿ֪ħҪʲôԲҲԼС
Ϊһ˽ܣȴ³ƮħЦһ㣬ʱҲǿʼ𽥵һ貵Ĺâ
ֹâޱȣ𽥵ؽ嶼У󣬽ħ˵궼Ǳֹâͬһɢ֮С
˼˵ֻأ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƵȴĮ˫ֻһֳżµĻ֮˲䱼ڶȥͬһХ
䣡
ݺݵػ貵Ĺâƿص췣֮Ȼǳ׵ؽħ궼ĥ˿ûа飡


2304 취
ŷƵ֣ħһƲл궼ֱӵʧ䣬ԼҲû뵽ƻǿƳ֣Ҳûк³
ڷƵǿΪСһǿҲ̾Ϣһħ³ûо˿ǻǣ»Ӽҡ
һ֮󣬷ɫ𽥵ػĬߵ˻ʸ˫ߣǻԹȥ꣬¹ҫ֮£òԼ÷ƾÿԼ
ơаվôʸ˫̧ͷ˫⿴ŷơ
Ƶ˵ͷҪ£СڣӦûж⡣
ʱСͺڻҲǻ˹ֱӵСûа취׵긴ԭϾ֣֮ȥþÿ£֪᲻ʲôֲĺ֢
ղŵһâϣҲǶһЩ˽⡣Сüͷһ˵ûнĴ޷γ֮壬ôͻڰ𽥵ر
£
ʸ˫ԣʱɫøΪ԰ףô죿òײǰԼĺӸȴҪֻ֮аô⡭ʲôεô
֮ѰʲһΪҪʮ˿ڵѪҺдȫȻͨ˵ѪҺûʲôЩɶ֮˵ѪҺ̺һЩԹһ˵Թ£ʮ˵ԹһĻСҲǼ͵ΪҲҪɱɾԼջǱնɱ
ô˵Ѿûа취ˣɫ࣬˫üѵСûа취仹˭
Ҳ˵ûУɹʡСһ£֮ҲǳŲȷء
˵ʲô취ƽҧҪʲôΪ֮ԼҲҪԼĺܹȥ
ڵԹתһҲһ컯˵ܹ˳ɵСΪǰй֣֮ҲӦİ취ȴûʵйֻܲС
ת¶һĨɵɫһû˵˵
ûΪڳʮԹȻûбѾһֱۻڣܹʱʼתܹһ˿ᡣСҡͷ̾Ϣ
תҪʲôȥң¶һĨɫ鲻ѣһϣûС
Ӧ֪ȰɣСȴͻȻػһתȻ˵ȡ
ƺͻʸ˫΢΢һ㶣ôȵϣҪ֪ʸ˫ɻȵʥŮת֮ʲôϵ
ȵʥŮʸ˫ҲֱӵصԼԭݡ
ԣСҲ΢΢һ£´Żʸ˫ҲΪȣԼ©ˣȴû뵽ʸ˫ȻȵʥŮ
ȻʥŮǾͺ˵ˣ֮һž⴫ķΪصĿɲֹô򵥣ܹĻ֮תżáС˵ͷ̾ԭֻǰһֵĿھȻȵʥŮǱȻһĵھһͷࡣ


ƺͻʸ˫Ƿ˾ߵ֮ȴ̺һ˿ɻ
Ǿ͵Ⱥѹٰ֮ѵڸɡһԭΪѵ飬ȥࡣ
ʸ˫ķӦȴǳ˵ϣֻһɵص֮ûеⱾķ
ʱƺСǴסˣôûУ
Բܣ֮ҾͲûѧᣬⱾķǴڵġС¶֮ɫΪڵһΪ⣬ЩӦҲġ
˫룬ôûСҲżˣǹϵԼӵΣ
ɻʸ˫ü˼˴죬ҡҡͷԣ֮ȷʵûеĴڣĻҵݾǲ֪ܲġ
ȷʸ˫ݹΪʥŮ֮еĵλͣ˵Ҳʲô»ʥŮοһ
ǵô£ȻСԼҲԻˣ֪ȵ˵ΪľǵһķҲ֪öٸǿֹ߳
ҼǵⲿķǰһС֣ͣ£Ƿӡ󡣡֮£СҲôһεİ취Ƶϸһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ޳ɡ


2305 Ĺ
ϾȺֻǰѵָ޸˶ѣķֻǻһ֣ϾڵҲʮֵңԶڼ˵ᷢʲô顣
СҲǽԼʶһķھҲǻصʸ˫һţüͷȴԽԽһĻȴ÷ƵĶԽԽ
Ƭ֮󣬴С𽫿ھǿһ֮󣬷ƽ˻ʸ˫ϣڴŴ𰸡
ǻʸ˫ҡҡͷԣ˵ĿھֻһϤĸоȴȫûӡҲûнӴһķ
õֻشСͷƶһۣ˸еɻ
϶зʲô飬Ⱦǲ˵ⲿķСƺҲʶأҲ侲ڻʸ˫ϣʵ˵Ϥоô£
ʸ˫ҧ촽˼һ£شô˵أ˵ĿھƺȺĵе̫ϾľƣظоƺͬһԴ
̫ϾľСüͷɻصǳֹһΪ̫ϣĪǡ
ʸ˫Ժ֮Ҳһ⣬е뷨ѿڶ˵Ƚⲿ޸Ĺ
СɫҲǱ˵ͷĿǰϿӦþν̫Ͼľǵļ԰棬ȫӵ֮һķ
ĵǵȥʸ˫еɣԼΪȵʥŮĴڶǲ֪ʱǱ֮Լ޵ķǱ޸ĹģҲΪӡ
˵뿪ʮ棬ҲǷһЩϲ飬ǲ֪ûʲô仯СҲ̾˿֮δ˼ֳʡ
ǰǣʸ˫ɲȻ֪½ĵۣҲħ𣬵ȻǴԺ𣬿¾һȻ֮гǿߡ
ͬˮ֮ƵȻ߳λǿߣȻߵһ𣬲Ǹźν½ڵʲô˵ݣ
˵һ㣬ƶǲȤϾԼĹϵҲǲǳԺ֮ӰҲҡҡͷ
ҰСƺ˾ԶĻ䣬þõ̾һҵĸףǷһʱʥӣĸʥŮ
һ仰һʱƺͻʸ˫˸סˣͷȻǲСĸȻĴˣһ㣬η
ǼȻģôҲӦ֪Ⱥͷ֮ʵƽȻʵ໥ǣơСĵص
һ㣬ƺͻʸ˫ǵ˵ͷ⵹û˵磬ȺҲһֱϵ˵϶ӣҲ˵Ϻá
ҵǸ֮ĹϵΪӣνǻ˫С¶ЦǿõҵĴҲô˰ɡ
ƺͻʸ˫ҲһͬˮĴ˾Ȼһ𣬲ǵ˺ӣǵö๷ѪһĻ
ҳ֮ҸױȸֱӴȥ̤һҵ֮ҲΪڵһЩɥʧʥŮλãΪҸ׵ȥҲա
С𻺻صԼĹƽǷƺͻʸ˫ȴܹóôһι˵νǼΪᣬûõķĺȻͷ˵ĺӡ
ڰۺ͹¶֮г󣬲ǿʼӴһʰʥף벽ۣٵۣ𣡡СɫƽصһĬĬ˳ɳҾ̫ˣҳΪ֮ͷܹǶɵǿʼ£ҡ
λ½ԵôƺܴһӾ˵˵ϣµҪ½ô򵥡
һְɡСԳһЦôҲǳһֱͷ֮еǿ߶ǴߣҲһԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿣ƺͻʸ˫ѿڶΪؼġ
й¶˭֪СȴͻȻЦܾ֤ش⣬÷ƺͻʸ˫Ϊ֮һᣬɲˣô
˵ô࣬ɻû˵ҪôѰҵҲǳɫεص


2306 ʮ֮ڣ
ʸ˫Ҳεʼ򣬵û˵Ĵڣ
ʱСƬ̣ҲǸһеİ취ɣ϶Ǵڵģô£Ҫȴǻص֪
֮ڣҸûаսͻơüͷΨͻƳɴۣܹ½뿪һ֪ġ
ҿԴǰһֵĿھĻܹʱѹסڵԹһ£ӦܹѹʮҡСǻԹȥεص
ʮô˳Ĭ֮Уһ˵Ҫʮ֮ͻƳɹǴص֮УҪȵõĵ
аôʸ˫Ҳ֪µĿʵǷǳѣȲ˵νͻƣǷܹɹ֮ҪȥôһȻȻɲһ顣
ûҲҪȥһԣܲǿźȥҲغһʮ꣬аգ
ʸ˫˵ͷв֪ΪһĪ㺣ͻȻǺϲڵĸоŷΪһĸо֪֮Լ֮ѾǷ˱仯ԼûвõãǼȻĻҾʹ⺢֮󣬾ʹڸھһоͿˡС˷һ۵
ɣʮʱǱȰºöˡҲεһЦȴͻȻеڣ֪ղôħɱˣ˵Էܹ֪һЩϢⲿھ
ղŴħĿ˵Ե֪һЩڵĿھ̾һ
Сԣ΢΢һ£ҲЦŵİɣħȷǻ٣ΪȡõĿھô
ԣʱҲȻС˵ûԼҪѻ꣬ҲûжİգС֪ѹ֮ĹؼڵħȻҲ֪϶Ҳ˵
߰ɣ³֮аСһѹͿԡСҲصƵһҲǵ˵ͷʧ³ǵϿ֮С
³ǵĳ棬ƺͻʸ˫һ䷿棬üͷŻԹȥ꣬˵ɫôغãڵȴѡ
İɣС˵һܹѹȻܹѹù󣬷ҲǰοŻʸ˫
ȥһˡʸ˫ĵصĶӣеĵȻǱȷƸء
ٺ٣Ҫ룬⺢ӽʲôֺãΪ˻һգҲ
ʸ˫΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶˳˼ɫ˴죬Ҳûʲô֣ǵ˵ȡʲôֺã
ǾͽзХưɡ룬Ҳǲ
ΪʲôлʸХƣʸ˫ȴǰ˷һۣе㲻ˣƾʲôҪհ
⡭ƶʱǿ⺢ӲգǸ˭գ
ʸ˫ʱɫΪ⺢ӱҪԼգʲôЦշ磿Ų⡣
Ǹշһɡеڨڨصպȥ磬ܲǰ⺢Ӹ߰ɣշĻԸһص塣
ʲô㻹ҪӣһƵĴȻʸ˫ʱͷˣôУ⺢ģŷˣȥ
𡭡ȱ˵ƿͬһͷСʨһ㱩ŭĻʸ˫ҲԵΪεصԼݣȵʥŮҪ֪һӣо޴Ӱ죬ղСǷֺǲڶ˵
ʸ˫ԣʱסˣƺôһС𲻻޶޹˵ԼĹȻղǷ˵ΪԼһ
⡭ʸ˫Ҳǲ֪ôˣһ֪⺢ӵĴڣգпܶԷƺ֣ǽŭ֮У
˵úӸһʲôӰ졣ƿʸ˫ƺɿڵļҲæصֲǲ㿴ӣҲʱ忴ǲ
ʸ˫룬ôҲһ취Ȼڿ϶⣬ҲƳ˷һ۵Ӹտԣ֮£ø˵
һޱȵ⣬Լǲ֪ô
Ȼʱڴϵйѵļ󣬶Ҳǵһʱˣæǵ⺢Ҫˡ


2307 Թ
ڴϣʶģһóجΣ棬ֻѪһʺɫ˵嶼΢ؿʼ
һĻƺͻʸ˫ҲǽüͷϢе㲻Ծ
䣡
Ȼʱȴ͵ظֳһѪɫĹâѪɫâƶס͵һһ¶Ķħ

굱Ҳʶطһʹͬܵʲô˵ĥһ˵嶼ȴûѹ
⣬ڵԹˣ
üͷһӾͿ֮ȼǿߣҲܹоõЩѪɫâ޾Թ
ʱڵԹҲСע⣬һ˲ƾѾǳ˷֮ڡ
ʲô飿Сüͷڴʹ꣬ҲǲԵʵС껹мͬ飬Ͼ˵Ĵǲ࣬ȻܹһЩ
ڵԹѾǱˣʲô취ֹôƿСĳ֣ҲһڻŶ⡣
ħѾˣû˱˽֮ʡ
Сԣ¶һ˿صɫҪǰֵѪɫâȴ͵رһ˵ϢȻظ֣С˺ü
һĻƺͻʸ˫ǵһЩԹȻôǿСûа취ѹô
ڵԹŨ̶ȳҵϡСɫҲǸֳһʵ߲âܹ𽥵ؿԱߡ
ʵ߲â֣ϢҲûа취Сѹƣô˵һԹҲС˲
ϣС˫΢΢Ӧһ֮󣬲ɿ˺󣬿ŷƵ˵ҪѹѧϰȻǰ¶ûа취Źȥ
Сô˵ƺͻʸ˫˵ɫǱˣ⺢ڵԹѾô
ʲô취ôҲ֪أԸȥֻǾذӻ֮ѹȻѧϰǰһֹܹŻᡣ
֮Ϊ걻ڶԹ֣꣬Ա߰һС΢΢˼һ£Ҳǵôһ취
СĵЩԹۻô˵޹һһԹһرҶҪɵ֡Сѵ
Ƶ˵ͷ鲻ɵññŭħҺ޲ٴνң
ˣѾˣĿǰҪǺӵİΣʸ˫ҲµصԼһѰһẢӣûа취Խ
Сٶȸֳһʵ߲âʼѹȶȥЩѪɫĹâ߲âƺҲ֪Щ߲â֮Ȼǿʼ𽥵
һСĿвϵشȻ˵ʲôǰĴͬԱ߻ķƻлʸ˫ǵõһƽ
ǵôʸ˫֮һĨ죬ȿھܹԼڵȻΪԼȵ̫Ͼľġ
֮ƵһǰδеĿ֮УСĵǽ˵һ磬ûκȴܹļž
һһڷƵֶûκȴʱ飬֪֮£ͬƵĶԼظһ˿ĪĶȴɲ׽
ڷƵ״Сͻʸ˫ע⵽ˣҲǿЦҡҡͷһ̥ʱҲܹжô
ʵܴ鹦СһεĿھĵĹЧʱһж̫࣬ǰʱ䷨򣬵ȴһֱûʱ侲ЩʱԵɺ֮£ǽ˶֮С
СеĵھȻŲƵãԿϵѪɫâҲ࣬𽥵ؾ۶ļ
ȻЧʸ˫һĻĵһŴʯͷأͬʱҲǰΣһص磬ҪҪѰҵ
ΨеܹѹԼڵԹȻʮʱһȥ޷ı䡣


2308 
ʱĹȥڵԹҲ𽥵ƽϢȥȻΪĿھ㹻ãѹڵϢ
ʱ򣬷ҲǴ֮״̬֮оѹɫޱȵƽ֮һ㣬ǻʸ˫վǰһʸ˫˫ҲûƵĴڡ
벽۶ûа취ƵϢǺεȿµ飿
СҲǻ˫ͷҲǸֳһĨϸȻղһľٶķ˲񣬿ƽɫҲһ
ˣǵĶѾûˡС΢شϢ
ƺͻʸ˫һۣǺߣɫضСлС˻ֵȵˣҲеԨԴ֮;ͲҪлˡ
΢΢һЦС⻰˵ҲûС𲻽йϵǿ˵ҲŲǳԨԴҪ׷е˵ĸо
ʱƽɫȴȻضһ£˫΢΢ȴԼһİĻ΢΢һ壬Ժ֮д֮ǰ֣Դٶʹĸо
ˣʸ˫ɫȻǼһθԼ˵֮иǵμˮѪĺҲɫ΢ȴôû̫Ա
΢΢̧ͷȴǿƺͻʸ˫ˣʶرɱ⣬ǺܿͬˮһȥȻ뵽ˣƲĳˣף
뵽겻ɵ¶ȻɫûаѪɫ˵˫ѾմѪԼ𾴵ʦһֱ־Ҫˣȴס
֮ӵߣǴʱѾǽ˰벽۵ľ磬վǾ̫٣Сͻɱ¾֮Уһʱ֮ЩԽܡ
¶ģƺͻʸ˫һۣ֪˵ʲôãȥꣿ
ҷƲʱʲôǶԷ֪һʵһǲ֪ôȥꡣ
ʮʱ䣬СǱħٳߣȴһֱûȥѰҹһΡ
ջСȴֳĬĮȻصܹ飬ǲɷϵǣվǰˣĸ˵ʦѾˡ
ʦˡǵһο˵ޱȵ˻ƣص˵ζ
ƺͻʸ˫һۣҲûѡ˵֪飬Щ²֮ܲһãǿɾͲˡ
ӡʸ˫ȴ̲סԼӱģиһϧɫ
ҲǵĶӣ
Ȼ֮ɫȻرüǰҵʦǸɱˣǲҵĸ
΢΢̾ϢһȻ⺢Ӹ޷ʵ֪ħ𲻹ҪжᣬΪԼʦԼõġ
ô룬ʦеǰãٳߵһ̣;Ĳ߻һıĿҲҺɱȻжᣡƽص
ǺǡʦȻŴ˷ƵӣĳЩĸأ顣
Цֻ֪ʦˣأЩǶʲôڿ˵ҵĸĸҹô
ļҷӦȻǳ˷ƺͻʸ˫ϣʸ˫ᣬǸӡ
ˣΪĸĸûȥѰҹô
ʱСҲǿȥȻؿڵ֪ʱĸȫΪǱٳִߣһͱߣĸȴǱһ޾޵ĵط
СƼΪΪһˣȻǱȷƸΪ˽롣
һȴǳĬ޷²оʲô
֪νʦʲôٶôԼʦܹɱͨ˵븡Ƽɱɱ֪
֪ôĸһֱѰ㣬ȴûаǵϢ
֪ôĸҲʱ̵Ҫҵ㣬ֱʲôпǹĸô
Сһʣն˳ĬɫҲǱòȷһǲֻ֪֪Լĸܣȴûпǹ˵ĸܡ


2309 ӽзХ
СİæҲǲ֪ǷʺϣղС˵ÿһ仰̫ˣһܲסǿզ죿
ȳȥɣ⺢졣С΢΢̧ͷŷƺͻʸ˫
ɡʸ˫е㲻Ը⣬ȴǱƸס˳ȥ
ŷƺͻʸ˫뿪֮һӾ̱ڴϣ˫Ŀ񣬲֪ʲô
֪ڵǺܸӣܹ㣬ĸ޷ıʵСɫ֮࣬ԭְһǿڷƵϣǶҲ˹
ôǺǵɶҶµһҾͱ֮ȫұҪȥ𣬶Ψһܹķǲϵؽȥɱ
껺ؿԼ˫ƣʧصҵ˫Ѿմ
ǲĴСشĻһжĴĸ߽ٳߣһоͲᷢҲһҸһȴܹĸĸϡ
ɡǵҪѰҶ༸ΣҾͲЩҪص
С̾һ㲻֪Ǹʱ飬ĸ׸޷һȥѰ㣬ûȷźܴĻܹҵ㣬Ҳǻᣬ֪һˣʲôصĺô
ĸףʥ۷壬ٳߵʱ򣬸ǱȫΪûа㷴ûһֱΪƾһ˿Ѱҵõ𣿡
һӾͳĬȷħǴأΪӱԺ׷֮УȻ֪ħûж˿Ѱҵõ
ʦңͷβûа㵱ͽܿһߣΪ㸸ױĹߣ㶮ôС𿴼ɫ𽥻ļҲǼȰ˵
ɫС˵ûħȷһʵϣ޷ϡ
ô˵ҵ˫ѾմѪ㲻֪ÿϷεʱҶῴ޹Ѫ֮еһÿһʱ䣬ҶһҪȥĸоڵҪҡ겻֪֮УѾǷŵ˶СĳɼҲǻصһЩ
ǲĴΪڵԹ˲Ż顣Сҡҡͷ漴Ҳǲһ䣬ҿʹࡣ
ѡؿԼ˫֣һ˫Ѫ˫֣Ҫˣ̸ף
û취ѵģѾǽе֮һ֮޷ɱ䣬ôҾͻᱻڵԹȫطɣֱʹ֮ȥʧص
㻹лᡣСֱӵص꣬ࡣ
Ļҿѹȥֲ׵ĹȥСֱ꣬鼫Ϊء
㡭ԣҲǶҡ֪ǰ꣬ȥƺԼܶ࣬ԼʦħҲΪɵԿɲһ򵥵
ƾҲԣҪĸĸȻҪԼС𻺻صҪŵжԷƺͻʸ˫ƫΨܹ¡
ĬھʵСܴⷬ󣬵ƫǾǲܵ£Ϊʮδ÷ƺͻʸ˫ʮֵİ
ɣԺͰҵ°ɡСƺҲǲ²⵽˼ҲһֻҪ뷨ôʱƣ⺢еƫҲ𽥵ʧ
ɡĺôʱеεӺԣϾħôҲʦȴ°ݵһ£еŤ
İɣ쵱Ҳǰҵʦ֮£˵ǳΪҵͽܣҲ˵ʲôС𵭵ص
һ£ûõСͷȻô󣬾ȻǱħҪ߳һ
ͷȥʦɡСĵ̾һűֶΣ¾£㣬Ҳ˵ʲô
ȻСô˵ˣҲȻٶ±ֱӵڴСߵŰ֮񣬿νؽС¡
ʲô
ҡҡͷû֡
ǴӽԺͽХƣ


2310 Դϲ
ƺͻʸ˫ڷ߶ƺǵ״ȴ޷ʲôǵĳɼóȻؽӴֻöԷķС
˵ô죿⺢ӿԹܴ󰡡ʸ˫һĨǳҪĻǸҪǺã
СӦа취ġһĨھΣʵ֮ҲźܴĹϵôԼһֱûпȥѰȻҲᷢչľ档
Ƶɫʸ˫Ҳ̾Ϣһû˵ʲôںҲ˽õЩʲôνǷҲȥʲô
Ƭ֮󣬷ǴˣСɫƽ˳Ϊ廹΢ҲǼϢƺͻʸ˫һۣǰ׷ʵ
ôǷǺܲȶüͷǵʵ
İɣڡСЦЦҲ˷֮ڣˣѾǴ㽫£һ֪Ϳԣ˾ûҪȥ
ȻСµӣƺͻʸ˫ȻҲûκηǱĽĽ顣
С˭ĺת֮ʵ϶ûǰǰ£ҲԲһӵĴڣ÷˵СҲûжٵʤ㡣
ǡʸ˫ɫһ£Ȼ˵ܹСµҲһ£ؼ⺢Ȼͷźĳɼ
Сƺ֪ʸ˫ʲôҲҡҡͷһʱϾǻǣһʱ֮Ҳûа취ܣĿǰʱ߰ɡ
ƺͻʸ˫һۣҲεص˵ͷҲûа취£ƫĿǰҲֻʱظСߣֲǻ¡
ǸǺǷХưɣѾ˵ˡС΢΢̧ͷЦ
ţХƣôƵ¾¶ϲɫֿģܵĻ뻹һЩϣ
ýлʸХƵġʸ˫ԱüͷֹȻǺӸŷգе㲻ˬ
ǷХƺǺ¡ƼֱЦˣԼЩ֪϶һģô˵ǷƵĶӣνǷҵĴС
Уʸ˫޿κεص˷һۡ
ɱģСһԹ٣Իʸ˫ûʲôԹһʱûʸ˫һ½ӽɡСһ۵εķƣҲʼ
ϵʱǱʮ־ʣЦá
ãʸ˫Цеôһ㲻쵹ҲǽʧҲѰ˼⺢ӶԼû̫ĵִҪúõһ¸ſԡ
޿κεҡҡͷ鲻ǿֻʱ𽥵صХеԹĳһҲܹΪһ룬ʱһ˼ϼ縺Ĳֹһˣܹ
ѾǽˣһĽ֣ôǴô죿С̧ͷƳһ۷ơ
΢΢һ£Ƭ̣ҲǵҪľǾԼͻƵۣȻص½
㻹֮СȻǶŷƵĹȥһ˽⣬ʵ
е㲻ԣҲǵ˵ͷûҾһ֮
尡С̾һ˷ƵҲǳһЩζ÷⡣
һ֮ȴܹȵʥŮֹϵҲеóϡСɫתܿ죬¾Цŵ
ٺ١ȴֻǺٺһЦ˵ʲôǻʸ˫ûصһۡ
֮һЩѾû޷֪ģҲö˵Ҫס½֮ϵˣûа취ͻƳΪġСޱص
޷ͻ𣿡һ£ȻϢ⣬Ժ֮Ҳͷڰ½ֵģǿҲǻһȴ˿ûмû
ǣһЩϹأ˵ŵĹйϵҲò²⡣Сȴҡҡͷ˵Ҳǲ֪˵
ɡ½ϾֹΪΣʸе㲻ʵ
½ϵ壬۷ʱڵ壬Զŵʱܳһʱ䶼ͳ磬ǳ˰֮⣬籾ˣҲҺЩ˵ȡ


2311 ص
СصһЩƵȶǲ֪أûʸ˫Ϊ֮ȣѹְ½ӵô壬ҲԵܹ翹⡣
֮УֻҪһ̺ĵ̶ǰ½ģ˵ȵЩͷ
ܾúܾ֮ǰ½ʵʱ۷ʱڵİ˵ôŬҲԿְͳΡСʼԴһ˳֮һо͸ıˡ
ѵΪ˿ͻƳ𣿡΢΢һ㶵صҲĹؼ㡣
СޱصûԴ˿ͻƵ֮˲߸˵ĸ֣һжǱ뿪磬Ҳˣ˷Ȼһ޳гɣͻƵҲ㹻Ŀܣǿƣȴûκһĳ֣
ԭˣѹְ֮ǿĶû𣡡ƶʱͻȻˣЩİ֮УǿҲ죬Сȡ
ûΪ֪һȥ֮󣬱ȻȻ﷢һЩϵϣ㲻ҪСкһ۷ƣ˵תȥ
ƳĬ֪С˵ⷬʲôһ˿Ȼ˵ҪԼԼǸΪص˼ǣҪȥȣпܰ嶼Ǵһ֮·
Ψ磬ܹǿƵİҲûһǳʵϵĲ֮࣬޷⡣
ƣѰҵ¾ͽҰɡʸ˫һ£ҲǰοƣϾΪȵʥŮʮֵȻǶôؿ¡
յİ֮ûܹһ𣬶ҷƾҪ棡ȴǶȻ̧ͷ˫˾˵â
Сһ֮Ĵˣ֮ежôؿ£ȻˣһҲҪУ
ûֹ𣿣ãǷԼ߳һ֮·Ǵ˵֮еĹ
ʱ˿̣һĪս⣬̧ͷŲ񷣬͸޵Ŀռ䣬ͬ޾֮Уһֱһ˫ڲһС
ʸ˫Ա߾סˣʱ˿̷ս⣬ֿ͸ĸо
ܹ԰ɡʸ˫аڷƵ֪νʮֵʶڣѾ಻֮£Ҫ˵ܹͻƳΪʲô֮¡
ʱתȥСȴվһ֮£̧ͷ޵Ĳ񷣬ŷǵս⣬ɫҲ΢΢һҲһЦɳɡֻɳҵһľ磬ʸ֪࣡
ȻСźܶû˵Զʱڵ˼ȻǷƻûǸʸ֪ôһ죬ܹɳһľ磬֪Щ
죬Ҳ˶ݵıչ֮УΪ˳׼ڻʸ˫ÿȥХƣСʱʱ֣ڷХĿھ
ò˵ХȫǴ˷ǽ̬츳ڵ⣬СΪ֮գ̶̼Ѿյòˡ
һĻʸ˫ֿˣһĸ˵ûʲôԼгϢгɾ͸УҲᶨˣһصȣѰҵ䡣
ڵ죬ƹض˵Ϣûзٱ仯ֻǿȥӳһЩСҲҵһ׼ص侳֮С
ʱ㣬Ǳƾת굤ҲǲˡС𵭵صһʱټνû˲ʱ֣ʱʧǺڻҲûа취֪
ΪСݣҲû˾֣Хƴʱͻʸ˫Ĺϵ˵ǢҲǰˣ÷εǣСһԼͰڳһĮɫ
Ǿ׼ȥɣ˳ХƼһʦܡС΢΢һҲǵͷӦ
Ǿ߰ɣҲûʲô¡ʸ˫صǺ޲ÿԼĶӴһ飬ȫûϵ
ǣһ˱³ǵǿ߸ȥ̤˿ռţֱǴͻص֮Уⲻ֪ǻصǵʱȴǱ֮ƾת굤⡣
ô£⣿ɫ࣬սȭͷת굤ǳʲô⣬ԼŬɾͰ׷˰ŮѵϣûС
̫ģһû˵ꡣ̾һ


2312 
ƾת굤ʱ򣬲֪ΪΣط֮жУǹȥ֮ƵҩĶѾûдϢ
¶εؿ˵¿ɲǺϢ
ƺСһۣʵںδƵҩ
ǵĺɽʱ󲿷˶š¶ɬЦݣĪֵķХϣҲ΢΢㵣ҲǴŵز²õӱǷƵӡ
ĶӳǾ֤ħѾǱɱ뵽һ㣬ΪΪѴڣҲ̾Ϣһ֮ȴ䵽ֵز
ҲǴŷƵ˸˺ɽֻ˵سϵ֮еǿߴ󲿷ֶǾۼڴ˵أ⣬ȴÿ˶жעΧĶ
Ͼһζƾת굤¹ش󣬾ǲܹκ⡣
Ƶ˵ĳ֣ǿҲһȻƵȶѾôħѾǽ½Ҳûܹвˡ
ףóһ˺ɽ̲סɳ˵ȴû죬ʱ˿̣ؾΧܵأһЩѾ۳塣
ҵҲ֪ʲô顣ʱһֱڱչ֮еʥҲΪʱѣһǰȴ˿ûκͷ
ƽüͷƾת굤˵̫شˣԼǧѰĲϣĹͷǳ⣬Ƚ˭Ҳ޷ܡ
СǰǽĴüͷҲһֱûչǴûмת굤Ǽƶƹȴûзһʱ֮Ҳĥ͸
û˽ȥһôתһʵ
ҡҡͷܹóȻؽȥߵ˽ҪͷǽȥĻһŵǺǲˡ
ƺСһۣҲǺϣջǾȥ̽һ
Ҫȥôʱȴվɻؿ˷ƺСһۣѵǲ֪ʱпܾ͵ƵҩĹؼʱ̡
ôȥҲһ취ҩǾ߳ʲôĻҲҡͷͷһգת굤עûа취ƳɣȻҲ޷ǿ󣬵˳ʲô⣬ôĹⲻȥˡ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ֮ǰҲйͷȴһֱڵĻŵߣʱѾȥĻҲʲô⣬οСڣСҲʮ
ԱߵʥһۣҲǵ˵ͷȴе㲻⣬ԴӷƴС֮ƺ߷һЩ仯Լĥ͸ı仯
СϵϢϡоһˣҲûֻ̫࣬ǰЩ̵С˴УȻǲĳֱ仯
󣬷ƺСڶǿߵע֮£ֱӵ߽ĺɽ֮УȻýȥ֮󣬷ƲǲһȻе졣
ܵеͷˣҵʶûа취ɢ̫ԶС΢΢üͷҪ֪ȴǱסʶ
û֮УͬԹߣҪСһ㣬ӦҲǵô·ߣǰСҲǺܾ㵣˵ص̫ˡ
С˵ͷûнܴ֮ǰһֱǴǵĺɽ֮УطȻޱȵϤʱ˿Ǵŷһһǰߡ
ԽߵԽе̶ȾԽ£СԼǸе𾪣ƾת굤ʱ򣬵Ƿʲô飬Ȼ˿µ
ǰĵ㡣
кóһʱ֮Сȴͣס˽Ųǰ
ƽִͣʱԼѾһƬŨ֮УֲָķΧһ֮⣬΢Զ㶼ǸӦ
ߵϢӦþǰ΢΢Ҳز׽һ˿ѰֲȻԴԶߵϡ
ȻҲϣģΪⲢǾת굤⣬Ƕ⣡
ߣСͺһλʦҲʮδҲе㽹ֱӵһ˶ͬ˲һ㣬Ȼֱӵسǰ


2313 ߵĴ
䣡
һ촫СͷƼҪΪ֮ʱȴǴһ죬ͬҲľǽ˺ɽ棬֪ʲô顣
ںɽ棬׵СҲ˾һ£֮ǰŨȴǶȻرһ貵â
ô£ƺСͣ˽Ų㵵ؿǰֳһâǿģӰ˸
Ǿת굤ɹ󡣡С΢΢üҲǱϳΨоת굤ɹʱ򣬲ܹ
΢΢һ£ô˵ת굤ѾƳɹˣΪζȴһֵ״̬
⣡ĪǡСƺʲôɫȻһ䣬˫ֱâ֮УƺҪһУ
ţѵ֪ʲô飿һ㶣ɫҲǲɵñȻʱͬС¶㺧ȻɫڶϵǼΪ򵥡
СҡҡͷƺԸ˵ʲôһ̤ǰ˫͵֮̽һâ֮ȭͷСĽɫâ͵ظ֡
ȭͷСĶһ㣬ڱСâ֮󣬾ȻҪɢܣ
һĻСҲȵգ
һ̣ΧĿռ䲻ϵŤ˲СڱһֿµĿռ䲨ɽĿռΧ֮Уκﶼ޷գ
ŽɫȭͷСĶȻҲǲ⣬ֱӵرС֮Уǻƽ
е㾪㵣Īǵҩͨ飿ⲢǺֵ飬һһЩҩ죬ƵĹ֮У𽥵Լǣⵤҩ֮
Ǿת굤а̾һʱСҲ֣̯ģŽɫҩ֮ת˿˿ɫâš
ţǾת굤Сƽӹؽ֮պãǹϵŮĶɲ˿⡣
ôˣüͷߵĴƺǺܲ
Сҡҡͷ˫ضһâһЩ飬㻹ûеǸ磬ûа취֪ģһƾת굤ȻǴĳֹ򣬶ֹҪԶ߽ĨɱҪܲܳŹȥһΣ
ʲô˵Σգƴʧɫû뵽ģƾת굤Ȼᷢ£֪ˣ˵ʲôҲö߶ƾת굤
ҲھΣ˵㣬ϼһҲûϵƾת굤Ȼᴥ򡯡СҲҡͷϣȻ˵ĹһּΪµĴڡ
΢˫ȴѰ˼˿ȻСûйظ˵ʲô̶̵һ仰ȴѾ͸¶ණʲôģ
ٲãҲ𣬾ȻҲǻ䵽˵ĵزνĹ򵽵Ǻεͷ𺳣Լǰȫû֪һЩ顣
С͸һ㣬ЦҲܵģǿҲ֮µϣΨϵĹ񣬲֮ϣǿԿٵصĴڡ
ǹ
𾪣ǰڵԼƺһֱ죬ԭΪɵ£Ȼȴ֪ˣڴ֮ϣ
ִ˵֮еĴڣ˰ĴܣֽһĴô
ƿЦҡҡͷԼǶĺ˽̫٣νĹʲôĴڣ֮ͬҲ޷֪
һУΨеΪһĳ̶Ȳܹʸ֪
һҪϵĹ˭˵岻ܳģƬصĽҾԼ˫ȭȥһУа
ƺ˷룬СҲ˼Ƴһ۷ƣȴûг˵ʲô޷²⡣
Ҫûа취ȶߣľ档Ҳǳɵȥܲһ취
Сҡҡͷ̾ϢȫʢʱڣһЩգ񡭡˵㣬ɣ
ɫΪ㵣⵽ڶϷʲôȻ˵С˵ؼɵ
ȰɣʧܳɹâԶɢʱһоͻнСҲ̧ͷŲεصҲְæȴû


2314 ½ı
½֮Ȼڰ½ҲǷһЩ£Ӱ쵽ʵĸ֡
Ľ󣬿νǾ˰½ǿߣȻʧˣҲ֮ҪѰҳЩǿ߽ʱڵĵطѰҲǵˣҲҪѰҵǴĵط
֮УΪͷǲʼį˵ǵֱӵط߱ɱҪ彻ǵʥŮĻ壡
ȻһϢܿ磬½Ѹٵش֮Ҳڱ֪ԭȵʥŮ֮һʧˡ
ȷΪ尵нٳǵʥŮǰһֱڰ׷飬ȴûаϢ˱չصһЩͷ֪ԼʥŮˣҲǲȻŭֱӵҪ彻ʥŮ壡
Ϊһͷ䷢µ߱ɱõ嶼һĪĿֻ֮УǻΪ׵һǿߣʱھۼһ顣
λ˵ɣǸν߱ɱѾǴˡüͷ֪һµʱȻҲǱһ
ҾҪֿûôסʱ򣬶ȴ
˽ǽɻϣ֪ⷬʲôһ˿һΪ½ľͷ֮һ϶ԵɳǿԸǣΪĴڣǿҲ޷׵½
⻰ҲûеΪһͷӵԴǿ˵Զ֣½֮еһЩᰵж֡Ŷͷεص
㵹û˵֪ѾǺһЩ֣ƺҪһλᱨǽ峹׵زҲߵһϢȻ
ԣҲ̾ϢһȻЩ𽥵رǿ󣬵վ֮壬Ѿʧ˰֮ãȻܹȷԷûΣգҲ˵أΪû֪
Ͼϣǰʱ䣬֮еһͷʵҲǰǽ棬ȻҪаǡҲ̾˿
һͷĪǡɫݡ
û壬Ҳ˷ƣ˼ҲŻԸȻǰУҲ㹻ˣֻҪԷǣסȻ˵ͺҪˡΪεص
½֮еҪֵģǲ١Ҳ߲ϵصЩٴ𣬳ŷʧڸҪ侮ʯ
壬ҲһμΪԻ͵ʱڣǿѹ壬վ۷壬û䣬ǰ֮Ϊ΢Ĵڡ
ǣûһ壬Ϊվ۷壬ʱܹٶվ۷壬ΪƵĳ֣ѾЩ˼ɵ֮ģȴһֱûл֣ȶ߱ɱЩǲŹһλġ
ߣڵܹ۸ԣҲһĨɱ֮ȻǼΪмΪ
ˣǼСӵΪչôˣҲͻȻʵϣȴ˷֮⣬һȺȦɵһλ֮壬һЩˣƵŮǼӣҲǲѷɫκˣֻŷǵĹâ΢һ㡣
ǰ󲿷ֶǵ˰벽ۣСӣѾǴһ磬ٸһʱ䣬»ῪʼһȺ󱲣Ҳ¶˺Цݣϣ
ֻǽϣڷܹعʱԸ˲Ҫ߶ٵĿһ״ҡҡͷ
ԣҲһĬֻڴǸܹ漣ܹٶȹ
½ķȻǲ֪ʱ½ı䶯ĿǰСǵĺɽѾǵȴ죬֮ʹâȴû˿Ķ
Ȼڵ죬âǿʼ𽥵ɢһֱڹעķƺСɫһߵΣҪˡ
âɢɽİҲǿʼ֮һӰشâ֮е£ӺȻǶߣ
ţɫһڶߵڻȻûгľ档
Сԣʱصһصû¾ͺá
ʱҲģ˫ۣǰСͷƣ΢һЦ˱˻֮С


2315 
ڿ˶֮󣬷ƺСһΪС˵ŹȥͿˣȻѾǰ״̬ʹǡ
Ȼƺ֪ڶϵ׷ʲô飬Сȴ˿û͸¶˼ҲǴѯʵͷ
󣬷ƺСǴŶ뿪ɽڶ˻֮УߵҲǲ֣ƸҩȻᷢ״ĥ͸
İɣѾͷʦֻǻԹȥˣ޴󰭡ƿһģᶼѾǵ£æǰο
ôʦû£æǻعŵʵղһ˲俴ԼʦƱųоһֲĸоڿԼˡ
СԱ߲źۼص˵ͷ곹׵ط
鷳˰ѶߴȥһƫƧĵطƻҪܹѹתϾڶѾΣգҪݡ
˻֣Ҳ˰Ѷߴȥͬʱʵ⡭ת굤ǷѾƳɹˣ
Ƶ˵ͷӻӳŽӲӵҩ裬ЦڿԴȥҰŮˣ˾ת굤϶ǿɡ
ڷƵУһŽɫ΢ûôŨӦþǵػ굤һŽɫâŨȻǶҪ굤
áá̫ˣЦŮˣҲǻָʵô½ͻǱøӵǿ󣬵ʱһܹص֮Ҳǲκһ
ȴǲСɫЩҲǽüͷС˵Ĺ⵽ǺĺҪ˵ؼɵ
ȴ׷ʵʱΪؼðŮѹ
ǺǴŷƻлʸ˫Сʥ˽֮еĽأҲԺһɫ䱸ΪɭϵĵطΪŮӳ˯ڴ˵ء
ƿں֮ϵİŮһòҲǸ֣ŮӣԸԼһҲΪ˾Լ⣬ܹȡ᣿
̾һƴӻͳ˵ػ굤Ůӵĺ촽ſѵػ굤ȥʱ֮䣬ٶȷ
ػ굤ҩȻڼܣ֮Ů˵涼Ȼرһǿҵ貹âͬգƵ΢΢˺˼֪굤ҩЧá
ǿŮӵһε֧壬貵ĹâϵʹΧնǿʼ΢
˶ס˺ûһ˵עһУܿŮ֮е貹âһγһĹֱƲ񷣡
⡭ƿһĻвɵóȥ᲻ʲô⣿
Ƿõػ굤֮󣬿ʼػ󣬵ҲൣġСԱߴʾƲҪżֻҪĵȴɡ
üС⴫ƼżҲֻǰȴ
һ֮ǵ˶Ǳؿһĳ֣񼣽٣
ʵֹǣ˵½ܹһĳ֣ҷǣúܶ˶ǼһʱΪ콵񼣡
ԼĪ֮󣬲ǻعƽȻղ𺳵һĻȴرӡ˵Уȴ
ŹʧŮӵҲٶ£ƽȵں֮ϣмæؿǰҪȥһ
ˣ
һε԰Ůӵɢһʱ֮ûκ׼ķһĻȻҲ˾㵣ҩЧѾȥô
Ҷ˵㰲ĵȴôͲأСɵЦȹʱ䣬ȥţղ˻á
ô£ҲеεӺԣԼֵȷе㼱ˣҲûа취£ڰŮӣκ˶ӡ
Ůأȴǧ˿ƵĹϵβӣ
ǵȴѻȥǱߣҲǷ굤ҲǶСʵʼȺŰɣ굤ҾͿˣĲɡ
ҲǺٺһЦҲǰ굤Сȥ߷ˣҲǺʶȤ뿪һռƣʸ˫һ£ջ̾һ뿪


2316 Ů
ʣ˷ƺͰŮӣŮδѹҲǳؿŻԹȥİŮӣв֪ʲô
ԼһŰŮ֮ʱ;Īһڽ֮˲֪ȴǵһۿԼˣͳƺԼΪ๫
Ȼ÷ƺĪȴ÷ƺԻ󣬰ŮȻأǶξȹҲ𽥵ʣŮƺضԼ
ȻԷȥʧһ㣬ֻϵԼܹ²ŮӵȻǲ򵥣ѯʹܶˣĹȥ֮ȴûκιڴŮӵİϢͺƾðһ𳬼ǿߡ
Цҡҡͷ֪ΣԼǲܸŮӣҲΪβһҲҪѾת굤ռֵԵʣһܹΪԼ˸ŮӣΪһˣܹȣ
ڷƳʱ򣬰Ůӵ۽ë΢գһ£ֱӵһ˫֮оãɫһģ÷ϧѡ
๫
ŮȻȻش÷ƻع
ƻһҲǾϲصˣ
Ůе㲻ԣǼǵԼѾǰƵֵ˺ɣȴû뵽ٶѹʱ򣬻ܹƣе㲻ԡ
Ůãؿһܣһж˵İǲһԼ壬ûκβҲǲ֡
ĪǡԼǰһУΣ
һܰȫĵطҲûµġ̲סᱧŰŮӣʮֵ͡
˵ŮƺҲ˷ʲô£Լ϶˼Σ֮У֮ǷƲ֪ʲô취ԼٶȾȻ
̫ˣΪҲ๫ˡŮӶʱһģ÷ϧѣʱİŮﻹɷģ
ǻ˿һĻ˵׼ֱӱסɱǿߣȻҲһĻСŮ̬̫˼ˡ
ƿЦõذοŰŮӣŵһʯͷҲǰȵ£ԼôŬһжΪһĻô
ϸοһƲǿŰŮӣ´֮лʲôô
ڷƵĵľǣ˵ػ굤֮󣬰Ůӻ᲻һЩ֢һеĻʱպ´鷳ô˵ҲǣƵ⣬Сӡ
ŮԣҲǱ˫ۣϸһԼ֮ڣһжãԼ۷ʱҪãҲǲɵɻ
û⣬ȻǰҵƵ̫˼ˡŮҲΪ㵣֪ԼƣνǾһԼԹȥһʱ棬ΪԼǸ˶Ŭ֪
ƣƲɵÿЦֹô򵥣ҪŮӵȼԼԼΪΡ
󣬷ҲǽŮӵһһʮظװһɫŮԺô嶯ȻȼԼΪֶΣ̫Σˡ
ڷƵɫŮҲǵһЦ֪ϧٸһλѡҲͬô
ˣ㻹ǵǰôƿһ°Ůӵɫ̽Եʵ
ǰǰʲô£ŮӲɵɻؿһ۷ƣеͷˮӡ
ƿһĻҲҡҡͷʾûʲôҲѰ˼ûв´ĻǰİŮӿ϶Ϊĳԭ˳˯ͬʱʧȥ˼䡣
һε֮Ϊʧȥ굤ٶȽ죬ǰҲûпٶȼҲ˵ڵİŮһȫµˣŹȥûκι
˵ֽʲôЦЦ⵹еˣ˼Ҷ๫ˣΪȥȻһʲô֣
ŮҲûйַƣֻǰһһ£ԼȥһƬհףԴԼǸطѹ֮󣬵һ۾Ϳ˷ƣһ๫ҲֱӵѿڶԼǲ֪ΪҪô˵Ƿȴһֺرĸо
Ҳ֪ŮһĨЦ
ԺͽɶɣҲΪӡҲЦֵҲǲͦ
ɶŮ΢΢һЦȴĸо֣ƺԼһ΢ĸо


2317 ƶ
ɶƺͰŮ֮ҲǲһĪϵϵѾڣڲȷ֪ŮݣȻǻͷһ𣬲֪᲻ᱻŵóһ亹
Ȼɶ˵һѾǹȥˣ˵ǰпܻļ䣬֮󣬺쳾Ѷϣްϵ
㣬½ģƴʱɵǽԼеʶܳԼ½ȫǻԵɺϣǰɶôģ
ɶһ£ҲҡҡͷҲţȻ֪ôߵˡ
ش÷ߣšҲ̫ѧˣ뵱ͻʸ˫֮ǽ½ȫΪԼϧԱʱֱӵ˺޾գɡ
ҪȥôƿһɶҪ۲ɫ仯ҲǶɶе²⣬Ȼ֮еĳһǿߡ
ȥȥɶãؿһ۷ƣҲǵҾ͸
ɶô˵жʱǰɶԼߣ¾պؽˣҲ̫ൣģһеġ
ǾͺãպһɡƲõЦʱƵĶͷһǴ֮ӡȴͻȻ˸һ£÷һ˿衣
ǴɶȻ̧ͷֱؿŷƶͷֵɫӡǣҲ¶һĨɫ
Ǵ޷ӵ·ҲǿЦõؽĹ֮صɶֻһӡѣһʱԹǴ¡
˵ԼʱǴĽ٣ɶҲ΢΢ſ촽֮͸¶һĨ˼ɫҲǶǸνĺȤ
ԼҲûа취һ㣬ⲢǾ˵ǿֻ˵óĲһֶȻҲǲȡ
ģھʹȥҲǿȻ㲻һʱڵǿߡЦЦҲǴɶ˳ȥ׼ȥСˡ
ɶһ飬ǵĽأҲǰԺҲвԺĺĵӣǿڷƵߣһӵ˾òŮӳ֮ҲǸһ
һЩǿߣڸܵɶǰ֮Ҳǲɵñɫһǿߣ
ƵʲôͷҲˣȴΧһһǿߣνޱȵǿ󰡣
Ȼ÷ƺɶߵһʱȴٶȳһâǱȸղһҪ貣
һ֮ڣǳ񼣣½ܹظоõһòͨ˸ӵ񼣽֮أ
ӣѾǷ˵ػ굤ƿһ貹âҲ΢΢һЦ
ԱߵɶЦҲ֪˶˭ҲǾ̫֣ϾղԼͬҲͬȵļ
Ҳһ˲õת굤쵤ҩҲܹоóɶЦ֮ϵЦ֮ʱ·ԱߵһжҪȻʧɫ
ÿ˶Լóģƶó֮ȻʵǿǶⷽ̽ȴܼҲ̾ƶó֮ѾǺˣοͬҲó֮ʱ䷨пռ䷨
ν˵˽վ𾳽۷塣
һƬҲǼСȣѾǿѾѵĶߣе⣬ߵƲеУҪôôôˡ
ƶ𣬹ϲˡƹһЦʱȻҲǲܳƺߣƶˡ
ƣ˵ƣƾˡͷЦŵղƶѹ֮󣬸պ˷ƣʱƾѾǳˡ
СӣҩģȻϷ廹ýһڡƶ𿴼˷ƣҲǹЦ
ǰơƳɵʵе㵣ƶڵơ
İɣΪػ굤ԵʣҲǰˡԱЦɶϴӵЦݼֱֿˡ
һ֮ڣ
Ǵϲ°˵ͬһЩǿҲЦݣôǿ½˭Ƿ
Сӣزò˵л㣬ʦڹŹǴֵصȻʱܿģԼʦѾǰȻ£ʲôֵÿġ


2318 ̸
ЦЦû˵еʯͷҲ£ڴ֮ǰǷǳƶǾ˺ɽ飬ȻǶĪصо㤡
ǰȻ£ҲͷˡЦЦƶһǿߣ˵ǰһƶΪƾת굤ҲǸ࣬Ӧеǲٵġ
˾һ֮󣬾׼ȥϾټǣÿҪкܶ࣬ƶȴ˷ƻлʸ˫ɶ
ƣб䣬ҪͻƵۡȥ֮Сȵؿڵ
΢΢һ㶣¶˲ɫⷢʲô£ôͻȻҪͻƣ
ƶ̾˿Сһۣ˵ͷҲǿ˵һЩ£ûһľ磬ǲ˵ģı仯ǵƿء
׷ʲô飿üͷ壬ҪԼˣ֮еһЩء
ǵ˵ĹôС𻺻صƵ˵ͷڽɽʱС¶ɫ˵ǹǷȴΪ
ĳ֣Ҳ˵Ļ֮һС˵ŵȴԱߵķƺͻʸ˫ǳ׵ؾˣ
ʲô˵֮֮ϵһֱǽһѰ˿²͸Ĵڣȴڸղʾˣ
һʱ֮䲢֪˵ʲôԺһƬң򡭡Щһ𣬸оԼƺһε߸֪ǿڵҲûгֵȫ˽⣬Ϊûվ۷֮ϡ
ô˵ǹģǹһɫִһ֮¡
СĽͿ˵ֱӣҲ÷ƺͻʸ˫ֱӵ˽⵽ĴڣҲ˵ǰ½磬֮¡
ǿ𣬶޷ôƵе˻ƣ벻ףѾǼΪǿĴڣ˴˵֮вŴڵĹ񣬻˭ܹѹ
ǿҲѪ֮⣿СЦûһУֻͬάڰ벽۵ˮƽô
ԭˡƻȻǿҲ޷ν죡ôô
˵ĹǾĻôղƶĲǡƳһµӸղѾǿ֪ƶѾӴˡ
һҲΪҪ£˵ûղƾת굤ʱѾע⣬ҳֵֻƬ̹֮ȻĻҲټˡƶҡҡͷôһʵ
Ƶҩע⣿һ£Ҳע⵽⣬ƾת굤Ȼע⣿ʲôµ£
ҵǽĹ֮ǿֱӵǹ֮ĺѾ֪Щ˵ĴڡƶЦ
ЩˣüͷɫɲСƶɽɨӶҲ

Ŀ
ûв´ĿһȺˣ𡣡Сеͳص
Ϊʲô𣿡еʧؿˣҲ뵽ʲô͵ɶϣʧ
Сƶǵ˵ͷǰޱص֪Ϊʲôô
ƿʧԣҡҡͷԶ֪
ΪһִߴڵĽɫӦùЩµģЩ֮ͨлɳһµĹ񣬴Ӷ־ԽС¶˻ɫ
ΪԶʱǿֻôôڲʵ㣬ԶŻԻ͵ʱǿƣ壡ΪĴڣһƽ١
ƽ١ѾԼز²⵽νĺƽʲô
һƽٹ󣬼еѾȵȵǿߣܹŹ˵ֶΣͬңƶ𣬶һƽ֮б
ǡҲΪˣ֪ĴڣԲŻҴģתƵ½顣
ȣôһ£΢΢һ㶣Ѱ˼е㲻ԾҲôȥе㲻֪顣
ĺƽ٣ΨܹоõǺŽΪȥԼô֪Сεص֮󣬹˶ͽضǽˣûܹӳԽ벽۵


2319 չأ
˼˵õһЩܹܵвĴڶʧĨɱôɫе㲻Ȼ˽⵽ΪʲôԶŵ񣬻Ϊôһ档
ޱȵʢȴǳΪǿߵ㣬һеıڹ
û⣬ѾǸоҺƶĴڣпܻٶȽĨɱСޱص
о㵲ϣ֪ΪСתҪܣ޴ڣһǵĴڣ¾ҪһĨɱ
ҲҪصĹҲܹ˵ĨɱĨɱɣ¶صִߵݣҲܵĳЩɿܵĹƺ⡣
ʵҲͬ˵㣬ҲĨɱܹͨһַʽЩڹвͬһεĺƽ٣ǺЩǿ߾һ׷飬Ż֪Ĵڡ
ƶ̾һεصǵΪһ㣬ԲǽһǿתƵȴû뵽ͷǱˡ
в֪˵ʲôã˵ģҪƾת굤ôͲƶĴڣķǳˡ
ҾͻƵۣʲôôɫüΪأѾһ򵥵£ʲô֮ϵĴڣ˵ǿߣǺȴڣҲǺ޵ֿ֮
㾡ͻƵۣĽͻƽ⣬ʱʱгǿ߶ͬʱ֣ǳûΪնȥһСΪء
նΪʧе嶼΢زһ£նΪȻ𶼻ᱻȵһֵز
û취ʱһʧ˵ѹƶ˲ʧ磬νҲ࣬ȻЩ𼶱ĴڿƶЦҡҡͷ
ʵϣҲûа취֮еİ취Ϊ𾳽ǣΪնȥһ֮󣬾Ҳ𣬶
Ϊǵؿһɶһµô˵ĻɶʱҲҪ
СƶһۣҲ֪˷룬߳һ£һδ֪֮ϾʱҲͨһЩֶٴĶΪƾת굤ԵʣҾǱϵġ
ԣҲᣬô˵ɶĿǰʱǰȫģ벻ϣƶСȴǲһˣʱƾת굤ʱƶС𶼺пܱˡ
ҼӿͻƣӶҪٴƽٵļô
Ҳǲ޴֮ˣ΢΢˼һѾǲ²⵽ƶСͼ׼ȷ˵ҪӦ֮ǰΪնȥһ֣
ǰֻǷ벽۵ʵȴûһ㣬ֻд˳ɾʹۣصĽǵȻָʵܹһ㡣
û㣬һֻϣܹӿٶȡСصص֮ҷƣΪܹʱǴĽ٣˲С
ʥֻǽһ߾ͬҲܹǴһҪһһʥԼûаգֻǰϣ˷Ƶϡ
ˡ
غһ£ƶ΢΢صƶǰû뵽Ǹô鷳
ƶҡҡͷЦС˵ʲôأƾת굤ҲΪ㣬ҲкôοҲǳҵϣû뵽ƾת굤
С˳Ĭһε̫ͻȻˣʵҲǴˣû뵽һ㣬Ȼƾת굤ʱһƣҲ޷
̽бչذɣаյʱٳأȡһ֮ڣҲҧԭʱ仹ԣû£ôҲʮʱн
һжˣͻƴ۵飬ԽԽã
㾡ɣûаգҲҪǿһԣŪðԼǴȥСҡҡͷ¶һνɫ
ƴʱĴȻʱǴĽ٣ΪۣǴҪ̫ܵӴӴ޷ơ
ܲܳɹһδ֪֮һнʧܵĻôյ߲ʽ³Ѿ˵һС
ɹһԾʧܣһȼң


2320 Ƶ
ƶ˽̸֮ʱѾǹȥ˰£棬ֱӵؽ˱չ֮У˼ܹɹǴ
һرչذ£ͬɶͻʸ˫ûжῴƣ˵ˣƺԼزʲô׵ĵطûȥƵıչء
ƱչںɽںɽСȴǴŷХƾվںɽ£źɽ
ʦҪʲô˵ôХƹվСڻعǵ棬Ҳ𽥵Էƺͻʸ˫֮еỹûдҲǸС
Хƣ֪ôĸ׻һõĸףȴһֱ֮ˣܹ¸ҵسеΣ㲻ԹСƵص
Хƻһ𣬳Ĭ˰죬Ҳǻص֪
֪㻹˽⡣СԳһЦָźɽĸףڳԳ磬ΪĲԼΪ㣬ΪǣһʧܵĻ³½ֱӵɣ
ХƳĬֻɫȴǼΪظӣҲ֪˵ʲôá
֮Ը㣬ǲԹ治ܹС̾һˣЩ˵Ҳã߰ɣΪ㽲һµĿھ
ʦһ¡ϵǣХƾȻǾܾˣҪһµҪ
СҲ΢΢һ£Ҳûзԣ˵ͷȥ·ХƶһЩ£Ҫ˵̫ԣ÷ХԼ˼Ϳɡ
Сȥɽֻʣ·Хһ˶վڴ˵أؿźɽХƿԸоõںɽһͬһǿϢڣǾĸףơ
ХԺ֮вϵֻ棬ԽԽӣ֪Լú޷ƣ֣ô׵
ǸףΣ
Ĭ˰ķХȴͻȻصؿһۺɽҲֱӵתȥȻǲ֪ԼĶӴʱѾ𽥵ظı˿
Ƿ֪һ㣬治֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦ
ʱںɽɽ֮ϣһͬһʯ棬ÿ춼˼ͬһ⣬ǾȥһεǴ
һεǴһĸӿ£һɵģҲΪһԭûκΰȥһεǴ
ͬһȴ΢ضһ£˫ü֮ǿ֮ɫ
⾿ҪβܹǴ֮ΪյصˣȻԼȴû˿İգǷȱǲ֪ȥǴ
ĿɫһչҲǹȥ˰£վĳҲ֮£һĻҲǿЦѡ
վɽ֮ϣңԶķ羰ȴͻȻؿһֻӥɹƲûע⵽ͷӥͷӥںɽϵǻ÷Ȥ
ӥʲô
һб֪ӥԭԼ̽зУֻǿСӥÿζǱԼĸĸһĸ߶ȣȻɿƾСӥų
Сӥ裬ڰ֮УҲֻǲϵų򣬵ûκôĽֶǺݺݵظ߿֮е
÷ƸоֵǣӥԼ̵û˿ÿβôٶظͬĶСӥϵڰ֮е¡
̲ϵظھܶεĵ֮СӥҲǿѧڿбƽ⣬ȴֲ˶ãͻǰһֱӵص
һĻƵȴ΢΢һЦصӥĿݡ
Ȼ˵һ仰󣬷͵һ˶һ㣬ƺ뵽ʲô˫۽ضСӥǵôΣҲûз
ҶˣԭĿ־ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ƶɫ𽥵ػָص֪ڣһеһУյĸԴ־ˣ
һֱҪеսһȴҪηκζ춼£ӺοǴȴ֮УǴѾ˿־壬ԲŻ֡
ˣս⣬Ǻ־壡
սһҪľ֮ǰη壡ֻսһĲ˿־壬Ȼ޷һ㡣
򵥵ĴȻһĻȴȻҲǷſսҳкξ壿
Ǵ춼ҪҷжʱɺѾη塣


2321 Ǵ
еִѾֻԼһƬɫ޲߳˺ɽ߳˺ɽ֮ʣǿ߶Ǳˡ
Ͼƽۣ˵ҲһΪҪ顣
½֮УۼֻǰΪһֱǷӲһܹͻƣô˵Ҳһ¡
ô̬ƺаսͻƣԷƳأҲֱӵس֣һЦеɫҲаԳ档
ϳһֵȴ˵͸Ǿôʱķͬɱһ㡣
ûаգҪԡЦЦգ֪ûУ֪ԼܹȥˣʱԽã֮еĿ־ͻԽԽ
÷ô˵ҲǾ㵲ѣҪͻô
ȷҪ֪һһǴ˭Ҳﲻ㣬ʧֻһ³ǾʱСҲǸȴء
ǵģʵûҪô죬ٵȹһʱ䣬еİմ˼ֲŽͻơƶҲ̾˿Ȼܹ²⵽ʵҲûжٰȥԡ
ˣԽþԽûաҡҡͷҪ״̬һͻƣɲɣǾҪԼļˡ
ô֣СƶҲ̾һҡҡͷǷƵľҲûȥģҲֻһ
쿪ʼôСʼʵ
죬뿪ǣϾǴΣҲǵĻ¶쳣ѡЦЦ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȷǷȳ̶µǴѡǣôŪûὫǶǸ
СһǿҲǵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôǺʶȤؽʣĿռƣڷƵ߻лʸ˫ɶŮӡ
ŮɫǼΪظӣ֪ҪʼǴܲܳɹһδ֪֮
ʵ󲻿ôѡǴʸ˫ĵ̾һһʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ɶˣƬ̣๫ûаյĻͲҪȥԣǴ֮һɲȥͻ𣡡
֪룬ǲң޵ĵѾ޷ѹȥ־ǴһɴࡣЦ
ʸ˫ĵ̾˿ҲȻƽʧܵĻôͼǶϾ˻ȥϣȻҲǰ벽ۣԼȴûаʮ֮ڽн
ʥһȷأںܶ˶ǰ۹˷Ƶϣϣܹһͻơ
ءʸ˫ֻ֮ǰ˵֣֪ԼȻǸƵһ⣬ȴվûʲôʱҲûжô
ĬĬؿŻʸ˫ȥıӰ˶˵ʲôջû˵ͻʸ˫֮£Ψеȵһν֮󣬲̸ܹһ£ǰܹ
ûк㡣ɶԱͻȻصͨΪŮˣͻȻܹʸ˫ʱ顣
ɣҽʧܣôһжûκ塣̾һ֮⣬һжע
Ұ㣬ϣǴʱŸİա
Ȼʱɶȴǻƣǽ׵֮УɫȻ飡
飿΢΢죬ȻСصϧԷƵûа취⿪Ҳʵ֪ô
˵ɶӦ֪Ϊõɶϳ֣ɶʧɣЩ¸벻ҲֻεصҶӡ󣬵ȴ벻𡣡
¶ʧɫҲûа취£ʹС𣬲ҲǶԴ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬ĴأʲôҲ
Ҿˣ˵黹ܹһҲûоܾϾ֣еİǴ֡
๫ġʧܵĻɶԶġͻȻ֮䣬ɶ͵̧ͷ֮ȷǸһ־Ȼɫ
һ£Ҳһ仰˼ֺ̾αء
ûȰ˵ʲôǷ֪ɶԸһ˵ҲܹõҪĻҪɹǴӶɽ
๫ʱ䲻ˣϢɡһĻȴͻȻشɶĿе÷ƵӶǸһĨ㵡


2322 ֮
һҹޣȻҲûκ˲ʶʱǰţڶ峿ʱ򣬵һ峿£ƾѾѹ߽׵壬Լһ˯֮еľò
ңһġһ˯֮еɶȻϴˢһ£뿪˷䣬Ȼڷתһ̣ǿ˯ɶ۽ȴǵᡣ
峿ǼΪƺҲǲԸƻһغһ建գһǣҲͷҲص뿪
Ƶ뿪Ȼ˵ע⣬Ͼںܶ˵һ֮ҹվҪнˣȴ£˶ڰй۲졣
ʦ˵ܹôʥ𲢼վǺɽŷȥıӰʥɫҲеį
֪ûв´ĻԼ֪𰸡̾һһε̫ͻȻ˵Լڽһ
ǵһ䣬Сƶ𣬳ҹδߣ˾ͶһһҹԱߵķХƺǾشԱߡ
ˡƶ𵭵ص
һԾŻǾʹɣÿԼ컯СɫطԼӣӶһԱߵķХƣģĸôǻһյġ
ХԣĬĬص˵ͷһֱüͷҲһЩ
ľͷûа취ﵣģȴǲ˵ҲͲûл˵ˡһǷĵؿһԱߵķХƵ
ƴһȥǣŴ˵ڴΣʱ֤
һ·УѾ𽥵뿪ǵķΧĿǻ֮Į˵֮½ķӡģҲʺѡΪһǴĵص㡣
ԼĪʱ䣬ƾѾٶ˻Į֮Į˵طԲû˿̣ž˵أҲغһ
ü֮ɫӡȴ΢΢˸һ£ͬʱƵ֮ȴǱһɾƣ½ǿ߶ܹоõԶһͷʨѣ

ŭ𣬺ڷһ޷Զ죬񷣬һ̣رɫһ˵ѹָо½
ڷƵü֮Уһöɫӡȴڻʧɫӡǵʧ֮еҲԽԽŨһʮѹȵĸо
Ȼȴ󣬴ʱ˿̣˫˵嶼΢زѣɫӡǵʧ˵ϢҲǲѹֵرǣ
꣡
һڷƶ𣬻˵½ǿж͵һͬղһǶһ㡣
ɣǴ
ŭ𲻶ϣ˫֮бŷս⣬ͬҪһ㣡
䣡
Ӧһɫ׶Ȼػƣ˲ҫ֮ĮµƲϵسأ²ڻ֮ĮҲܹо
ƣ⼸ҪôСɫ΢䣬ȴ̧ͷһۺգΪǴ½ܹоʱ˿̵Ĳ񷣬ͬҪ̮һ㡣
ܹɹǴǰ;ްƶҲؿһ۲񷡣
ˣôҲֹֻС̾һǷ磬˵ܹǿԳԽǡ
ǣƲˣһ죬Ҳվֻһ
δء壬Ǹ˵ôƶȴǵҡҡͷȴǲͬСĻ
Сһ£Ҳǻһ𣬵˵
ֻ˵һнпܶѡƶЦЦû˵ȥСҲ˳Ĭ֮УȻ˼ʲôһԱߵȷǶһ˵ĻоĪѡ
ڻ֮Įͬһ㣬֮еѾǲϵֹɫâһƬǳ˻Ϣ
˫ضǲ񷣬ôãǵһ죬һѡڣսһҪֱǰ˺
Ǵûٶ£ȴ͵һ̤ȻҪֱӵǴ˫սȼգѾǲѹԼĵҪôǴ֮лҪôǴ֮
䣡
ƺܲ˷ֽƵΪһֱܲĲҲǰ಻סˣһͬһɫףʱǻʣݺݵ£
Ǵ֮ز½˶Ǹоһļ£


2323 Ծ
ڷƵĵһǴ֮ʣ½ܵ磬ǰ½ٶ֮У
ȣ壬Ƿ׷׳ԵҪٴѰҳһǴˣǺηʥͷʵ˶ǾˣѰҲ˵Ĵڡ
˸ô£ôӶҪۣڰ½˻ʸ˯Ȼ֮춯ȴ˲佫ѡ
ؿŲ񷣬ȴǼΪۣҪǧѰҳһԽ˶Ҳڿɺˣڶ̶ʱ֮ڣѾǵˣ
ʱҲǳ˻ԱߣسݣȻһνĶ˶ҪѰҳ˭Ҫ
ǺãµĶλҪ£һͻƵĻüͷͬҲǺƣ˵ؼʱ̣˽ɹǾͷǳˡ
ô죬ֻǰļƻǵȣڰ½֮ѾŲٵҪԼˣɹôͻһǿ֣߳ʱ͸Σˡ
ȵȡȴ΢΢üͻȻظоһνƺеϤ
⡭ⲨҲǰһͬҲǸоⲻϴνʧܵĲһģһôôһʧֱܾɣûκεĿԴ
ԡϸɲеϤĸо˵ϤһεĲ˫۷ƺǲ²⵽ʲô
͵һҲ뵽һЩܣҲɫص㡭˵ƣ
ƣ
͵صɴ˫ۣ֮һֿ϶صûǷƣһνͬҲ̫ûа취׽ѡ
Ǹ˰ԭǷƣһȻ֪ȥˣȴϢҪǴ̫ˡ
Ҫȥ֪Ϣ϶Ǻܸ˵ģ̹ЦǴȥ֮ҪˣǸʿܴߡ
ȵȡȴ侲˰ֵȱ˵ȥһûȷǲǷƣڶҲ֪Ƕôѣܲܳɹһ£
ûô˵Ҳ𽥵侲ȷҲҪһֻһʧأ
ȹ۲ţȰԭȼƻִУǷƽɹĻôСҲ˶þܹˣڿ϶ǱĳطҲغһȻ²⵽߰˷ʵ
̵˵ͷҲǼææ߿֮лдҪȥЩ¶ǵ󲻵ãϵĽ
СѾ㹻漣һҲҪô쿴һۺڳĲ񷣬Ҳǰ
ʱ˿̵ķƣνǼΪǱµǴһ㣬ܹƾԼп⣬ʱƣѾ𽥵ظоĵļȻǴȴԶԶûнӣԽӵң
ڰʮ̧ͷâ˸Ĳ񷣬εӿʼǴѾӲس˰ʮǴһһһӵؿ£
ȻްҲǸ൱֮صĴۣ˻ͬԡѪ֮һ㣬Ψһģ˫֮еս⣬
죬ҾͲҳŲȥ
ƷŭŭһȻӭһҵɫӸ߿սٶ£ݺݵϣ֮ʱĻ֮ĮǱΪƽأǴȫ֮£
ռ֮еǳŻϢ΢ɫâϵţССһɫâҲ̺ſµܣĻ֮
ʮһ
һŭƻѪشӵվݺݵضŲһָ
ΪֹѾӲس˾žŰʮһǴǹȥ˴죬֮Уƿνڳܷ˵ĥǴڲϵؽƻƾƿص췣֮޷Ǵڣˣ
㲢˵Цڵ췣֮޷ǴÿһڳǴ֮ʱڷ֮еͻȻת
Ҳ֪ʲôȻǿԱƳڵǴ֮Ȼٽظϵ޸ҲǷ֮Ϊʲôܹ˾žŰʮһǴԵʣ


2324 Ǵת
ڽ˾žŰʮһǴ֮֮ȴͻȻؼž˿޷뵽ǰһ̣һҪصģ
̧ͷһֵĲ񷣬жʱĸоƺе㲻װ
һ˵ǴûɢôжźӣǴԶԶûн֮еĲûɢȥļ󣬶ڲϵطš
žķûʲôӿµһĻ֮зƣָܸΪˣ̾һҲĬĬ˵ǲϵӿֳ貵âϢϵš
ǴƬȴǽȻͬķӦСƶһۣɫȻҲʮأ֪ƵǴ϶ǻޱȵؿ£ȴûõȻ̶ֳȡ
һ˵Ǵ£˰ʱ䣬δͣˣָǿȵǴҲδܹԵ
ûв´Ļĳ̶ȣѾע⡣ƶ΢˫ۣĮȻؿѹѹĲ
Сҡҡͷѡһ̿ʼע⵽ˣô˵ֻҪɹĽͻǱƽ⣬˭Ӳô
ĪĴڣһεر޴ڵӰӻҪһνн
Ȼһ㣬ڽн֮ǰСҲͷ˵ǷȥѾ֪ԼĵȥһӶ޷ȥǴ
ڰ½Լ֮Уеǿ߶סظ֮ı仯ǽɹӴ˴Ľ˵ͬεһֱӻٻң
⣬ûܹ֪ԼڣҲ˵ֻץʱȥָƣΪ飬Կƺصƣ˲Ҳֱӵظԭ
Ȼ˫бâ㣬ֱƲ񷣡
ƻվʱٶȻָ۷壬ңңؿͬҪĲ񷣬̶ŭһٶȳȥ
һŭ𶯾죬ʱ˿½ǿжǸо˷ǽȥս⣬˶ĬĬؿŲ񷣬ڴһĽ
䣡
һ죬κ⣬ǳƬʱĲٶȷ˱仯ںɫƲ֮ʱʱֶɫâȻ𽥵תΪһֽɫ
ƲĲµҲûټǰ߶Ǿֹվڰ֮У𽥱仯ĽɫƲ㣬Ҳ̾ϢһȻͬԼϡ
ɫתɽɫƲ㣬΢΢ر˫֪ΪǸоһĸоƲ֮У˸߸ϵظһ
ûã״̬ǱƣԭѹѹƲ㣬ǼǳΪ貵Ĳ񷣬½磬ֵ֮Ĺâ˫
ˣ
һ޾տʼǴû£ƾ˵غƵʵ˲ȥǴôؿ¡
ȫֽɫâ֮£ûиоκβף΢˫͸貵ĽâǿĿռ֮УģӰһš
нڴ˵֮е˵ȵʥޣиĸߴӰȻĿģÿһӰɢµϢƬص
ܹȺȺĹ˸ͬһʢʱ
΢ȻܵȻͷ֮ϣȴȻϢسһɫף֮ռ価ر𣬵ȴûκζĿȻǷƣ
ʱ˿̵ķƣڳǵص龰֮УȻûвƲ֮еı仯ǲ֪Լͷ֮һ£
ڹؼʱ̣ڵ͵һɫâϵسڣ÷Ƶٶ»ɫ͵һ䣬̧ͷҲ֪һ˻Ϣͷ֮£
ҲôСүҰɣƲɵŭһǴʵ̫ˣӵôµĻȷʵӵȻϢĶʵ˷ʤ
ȻҲǴһЩֶΣ˽ɫâ֮ʱʱֵؾס˷Ƶٶǽ¿µףˣûĻᡣ
ǵȵ£عʱѾˣڵȴǼʱ
ɫ״ִޱȣǰɫâΪˣ֮ȴƫƫûа㶯Ψ޵Ŀռ䲻ϵѿɴ˿ɼôͣ


2325 λǴʮĵ
ɫ׸֮ʣСƶŨŨɫСסҲ͵صڵϡ
λǴ⡭⻹ĴǴô
ƶʧصеõʱǼΪ𾪣
ʧˡû뵽ƾȻôֽڴ˵֮еǴ¿鷳ˡСӵĲܿػָ΢ȴǳʱȴǼΪظӡ
ԱߵķХƺ꿴õλ𼶱ǿ߾ȻҲ¶ģиǲ֣Ƕˣôƴʱ˿龰Ƕôؿ£
ʥʱվںɽɽ֮ϣԶϽɫ貵Ĳ񷣬˵ɫңʱ˿̣ǴҪֳĻ֮˵ʥûκεأǴûĿԣ
λǴʮĵÿһżµĻ֮ͬ궼ܱ⣡𻺻صȫȻȫʧȥѵͻƳɵۣôô
ΪеľʥǰǴĽ٣ûв̫ƣѡ½ҲܹǴĪƣһУ⻹Կô
ʥ΢زţغһǿԼ侲ȥ²õԼѾǱƻԼľ˵һĴ
ưư޷ܹɹⱲҲֹڴˡʥȻر˫е૵ָղǵƺƵǴ̫ӡʧܵĻôľͻȫǴǵȿֲ⣬Լʧȥ˶ԿǴ
ǵơǷܹУӲسܹЩǴĻʥûκλᣬΪѾܵӰˡ
ԱߣȻҲǲʥľ仯û˵ʲôֻеڣʥɹǴḶ֪́ˣһ㡣
Ȼ˵Ȼ޷Ӱ쵽˴ʱķƣΪʱķԼпԣһɫ׵óȻ£ȻͷعҲΪִ١
ֻѡӲһ׵Ŀ֮ԶԼϣΪһײӰ쵽꣡
֮нɫâǲϵͷţͬҪΪµһ㣬˵嶼ǲϵظһĴߵߣǽر˫¶һʹɫ
꣡
ƵȻرһѪۣѪ۷ǳ£ܹɭɫĹͷǽɫ׵ȴϾ˼ΪʱͬҲͬĥ
ڣƽɫâĴߣ̾ԺҪһٴݻԺֽɫΪСλǴԵʣ
һ٣Էͬһܵ˺ҵǷƵ걾㹻ǿЩɫһʱ֮Ҳûа취ݻ٣ֻǱĿǰֵֽ״̬
ֵǣһɫûгɹɢ֮еĽɫƲҲǲϵطţûղӶǴȻ˵Ƿƣ˹ǰҲûκεĻᡣ
ƽ˱֣֮Ͼеϣһ˿ܲ׽ס˿Ҳ͵ÿԼˣ֮ķ򣬾ҪɱƣҲڤڤ֮еķ
ƴʱп˵֪һôȥöԼԽԽǵԽԽ࣬صҲȫϱٻĳ̶ȣ
ΨһĸԴԼԺ֮вϻ۵ĽɫâֻҪܹЩɫߣܹĿǰܹаȥԽǴ
ǣԼʲô취ܹĿǰ״
غһǿԼ侲֪ԽͲңƣᣬأĴڣһʱҪݻԼ»С
Һβһ췣ǴƵжȻôһͷΪĹ֮ص飬ʱԼ䲻ʱ䷨ͬµĽӶﵽԼĿꡣ
֮£˵ҲԣȻǴ֮췣֮ӿֲ˵ҲͬԴ뷨˵ܹɹģ


2326 ͬ
˵֪Լʱ䲻࣬ҲûκεĵΪ췣֮ĵ֮£ؿʼתĿͬЩǴ֮
ǰƸ췣֮ȥֵǴΪһΣ֪֮£췣֮Ǵ֮Ķ֡
һ֮ڣ췣֮˵ԴԴϣǴ֮ٿֲ֮Ҳ޵ġ
ȵĿЩԼĴߵĽɫߣԺǲϻ۵ٵĽɫâǱغԣҪ볢һ£ܲܰǴ֮ͬ
ھܣʱʱһ˿ɫֶҪԵľ֣ץסʱ䣬һͬһ췣֮ƺƵشӵ֮ڱڶ˲˾֮Щһ˿ɫߡ
ƺЩɫ߲׵ȴûüɫ߻غϣӦǱһӿ췣֮ȫɵ
ɹɣܲͬƸ֪һĻϲܲܳɹҪĶˣһɹôŸİȥɹһεǴ
֮䣬ڷƵڣһɫ貵âҲͣǿԿɫ֮Уȴǳһ˿ΪгĽɫâǴ֮
Сؿ췣֮ͼͬǴ֮γԣԼڵǴ֮޷õЧ
÷ƸоǣԼڣһɫ췣֮ʱȻǷǴ֮ɣ
һĻ÷һ亹æǳ˵Լ۶췣֮ЦǣҪͬǴ֮ɣǱǴ֮ɻͷ
취Ȼûа취ʹˣҲûʲôЧϾ췣֮ԶԶȲǴ֮ԼԽԽƽüͷ
ȥԼŲ˶ð
ƺ춼ڳЦƵĲ֪Уʱʱرһһ죬һ͵˫һ⣬ֱӲ񷡣
죬ҪСүҸ㶼ҵ
Ȼǲʹ˷˶Σİ취ֽɫףԼ꣬еͷģ
ˣ
ȻʱڵȴͬһʱԿʼҵת춯ȻҲ˷Ƶע⡣
飡в죬Ī黹ȥԸǴɣ
ͷ֤ʵĻһ㣬ʱŷһɫѸٵڷھУ֮÷Ʋɵôһ
ǽ飬ȴ÷еڵĿ֮ɫϵھתǲڷھƽɫףȴͬһ㣬˿κζ
Լֱ仯ɫһ㶣ʱأѵǴܹ֮ѹô
ŷ²ûʲôȷܹѹƷڵǴ֮֮ɫ֮Щƽɫȴǲκ춯ͬһ㡣
ѹЩǴôǲǿͼ췣֮ɵЩɫףͷ͵һҲ뵽顣
뷨ͻȻؾͳ˷ƵԺ֮УֵһԣϾڿȥɫƺǱѹš
ͷȻҪһ£Сؿһ췣֮Ȼž֮תȥЩ췣֮˽ɫ׵ʱȴýɫ׳˷ļ
һҪһĻȴΪ֮𾪣תھ֮еɫʱӿͬһ㣬ֱӵѹסǽɫףЩǴ֮޷κζ
Ϸ
һ֣ȻܹʱѹԼڵǴֻ֮Ҫǳ췣֮ɵЩɫ׾Ϳԣ㶼Ƿƾÿȥˡ
ҵǣɫİ֮£ɫ췣֮ʼ𽥵ؽӽ˽ɫףȻֻз˿ϸСһƣȴǳżΪֲĻϢ
ûκηĽɫףֻǿɫ췣֮ؽɣͬһͷ󣬿׵زһȺϣǵûжʱֻؿһȺԼɣֱԼ
һĻһܺõӣƿ𽥵ͬɹ˵嶼͵زиֹһĨϲɫǴ֮һܹͬɹĻ⽫ʲô


2327 Ǵ
Ǵ֮ı仯÷гڴ̺֮ǳڴ
ȻżµƻǴܹ֮ѹ÷һڣǶеʮȤ
ϧ𵱳Ҳǲ֪ɶ֪Ѿʧȥ˼䣬İҲǲ֪
ʱƣ֮еĽɫƲʼնûɢҲһֱڵȴŽĳ֡
ڵϣ˫գþùǶȻ˫ۣһ貵âӸһΪŵЦݡ

ЦЦ쳹֮䣬վ˵ٶϵ˿˿ɫâ֣ЩڵǴ֮ѾǱرƳ
ڵĽɫףԼĪȭͷСܹͬΨһĴָСǴ֮еľ⣬ѾǱɵ
һЩɫףҲǿʼİæ֮£رȳڣҲ޷κв
ȻŷѾȫؽڵЩǴ֮ʱǱ鲼ɫâĲѾٶȷ˱仯ǲϷĽɫƲʱٶȱ촫
죬ɣҿ㻹ʲôŭһͷɫĳ޷ԶǴĿĵҲ𽥵ظԭһɫ֮£ܵЩƶԲʲôһĹѾǸԭ
䣡
ǻӦ˷Ƶŭٶһ죬ƬɫĲǱ˺ѿһɫӣһͬһ㱼ڵĽɫױǴӿнٶ£
λףʮĵǴǴ˵֮У˵ǴһǻʮĵֻһЩʴ߲ܹȻƾ˸ղŵһ˵ɫ֮Ѿϰˡ
ûоͷԼͳŵף
ɫײϵ£˿ȴѰǴʱֵܹ;ֵʱ¶ģ¶һ׺ģϵسֳ˿˿貵âϸ۲Ļ貵ɫ̺һ˿˿ɫ
֮£ҲǲҪȥ֮ڵ飬ڣ飬һԺ֮У֮ϵػѡעţͷųһɫ鲼ȫ
ɫλ֮󣬽˵嶼ǰסΪǿĳƵγһŽ貵Ĺţֱӵشӿе£Ȼʵȴûж˺
λ׿ʼٶ֮޼ɵؽƻǷȴǸƣλ׽һ˲䣬ڵѾԶת
ʱƵٶȳһһͬ˿һĽɫףͬһɫ֣Щɫ׾ѹ
ڴͬʱҲѸٵشӵ֮Լڵ췣֮ʼд
ûǴ
ΪڵλȽ϶࣬ҲҪȫͬԷֻҪеľ
ʣĽɫףȴǱʹøǿ
Լ췣֮仯巢ɱ䣡
ƴʱνʹಢҿţλ׵Ŀ³̶ԶԶ󣬲ϵڽƻ֧š
ʹҲ޷ֻĬĬҧܣ֮УջҲǾ޴
ĵʮŵʮ˵
ʱѾعȥʮ죡
ʯ棬ǲϵسλ׵ĴʱȫǴһָ߶ȱ״̬
ʮ棬ƵõһַΪλڲϵش
ڣ֮һɫ췣֮ԴҲ𽥵תΪһֽɫ
ɫ޷ǽɫܹõԼһܹȫؽе׶ְ취ͬһΣôջ񽫻ϲĶ
ǾǴ֮밴Ŀǰ״˵ڵ췣֮𽥵سֱ仯
ԼҲǿϲһƿǴ֮ôȻ˵Խսͬ˿ɵУ
췣֮𼶱ǿ߶ҪɵһǴ֮ǵ֪
ʮ
ٶ˫ʱѾǹȥ˰£Ҳǳʮλףÿһͬİ취л⡣
Ȼһױһθڷ˵ڣҲǽķѵʱ⡣


2328 ż
ͺһεʮ˵ԼѾķһʱ䣬ڵһ˵ʱѾǼΪؿ£֪١
Ƿƶһһس˹ڷԱߣ޷֪ӽµʱ棬ƶǳ˶ʹࡣ
岻ϵرɫʴȻ޸϶ظκһ˵ҲһĥԼ֮޷
ʮĵǾͻһ૵ԼҲûаգʮĵ׹ʱŸΪµǴڵԼ
䣡
֮вϵط˺¡ľ޴죬ʱ˿̣ƬĽɫƲͬһһ㣬رѹ
ͷı仯غһսȼգزﻹȴĵ
Σ
ʱı仯ȻҲǿעȱ仯̫ˡ
ڵʮĵˣСӿ湻ǴҶûаܹɹСҡҡͷ֮ȷʵ¶һĨЦ⡣
Ҳ˹ͷǿԴͷ֮е䡣ƶɫڵص
ʦ˵ɹЩǴ֮Ƿܹ޳Ҳƫͷ֮иһĨɡ
棬ȻûŷһǵȿµǴǲı仯ȴ̺ͬ޾ƣǣʱʱҲǸܵһС
Ȼֽܹ޷ܵľ֮гŹʵо㵡
֪ĵǲ֪֪һǣʱ˿ѾǲεǴ²򵥾¡ƶҲصص

ʲôûһ֪ȴͬ޴ڣעӵ飬˵ı仯
ˣҲȻҪعµĹأ޷ֱӵز֣ҲǴÿ£ܹŹȥԼ˵Ҳһ컯СĬĬص
һо͵ÿԼǶ޷ʲôƶҡҡͷ
ڵʮĵ£һλףͬƬصŻ֮ơ
֮ͷĲ񷵽ɼĽɫƲ㣬ʱѾǱŨһУſµϢ
䣡
һ죬һɫâӲ֮£˺޾Ŀռ䣬֮ռ
һһףƺƴ󣬷ûκӣһ˵ٶǲϵҪһŵף
Ǻܿƾʶˣһ׵ĿԶ֮ǰʮ׼ܺͣ
һ˲䣬Ʊǲˣǳż»ϢϵԼ壬ʼƻ
һͬԼڵ鲻ϵתҲûа취ܹѹ
ΨһĽͣһ׿֮ܵķΧ
жʱͼˣȥӣͿʼ꣬ҲԳŲӣ
ҲһйŹ֣аԲͳȻһѾǳҪܵķΧ
ûгֹһ˿
ǷƸоʱûκλᣡ
÷κε˼ȥûлˣ

֮£Ʊƽһʩչ㽫һֶηŵǴʹá
ûа취ҪôҪôǰʹá
Ҳǲ²صһǴ֮ô£϶ֽš
Ŀܳɹۣ뵽һ㣬Ҳǻνһ˿Ҫһףôܹ
ֻǷƵĸо²ԼӦûһǴȴΪǰ֣λ׷һ䣬ǰѵǴǵһ
˵ΥΪƳҲԣֻ©Ǵӣ
ʵҲˣȴǲ֪޵Ŀռ֮Уһֱһ˫۾ڿ
Ʊʩչ˷˵ϢʱٶȱһҪ
ûõǣϵĽɫȴٶȷ˱仯
ɫɫɫɫͻȻ֮䣬ֵĹâȴȻط˾˵ı仯
ֱ仯֮ʣСƶɫ͵һŸԵľɫ
ż


2329 
ż˵֮֮ʣʹõľ䣡
ȻǴԣνľżҲǾϤͬԴͬƵʱ֮ҪɵĲͬʯһ
ʱȴǴ֮вֱ仯ɵСƶ˶Ǿ㵲ѣ
Ĳˣֱ÷ȥôС͵ӣ̫ˣ
û϶ĳֹ©÷ƵǴ˾żȻһƵĴΣˣƶüͷĿǰĴƸûа취ŹȥǴ
̺żԴǴһһεӣǿˣ
ûʱڷڵĻĮƽԭѾǱΪƽˣ
񷶼ǳؿռۼþûϡ
ǾżʱȴΪǴһֽ٣ƴʱ˿̵Ĵ
ΪԼʩչ˷֮󣬻һѹ֣ٴιƴˡ
ʩչ˷ʱ˿Ҳûа취ֵǾżǴʴǰʱӳһЩѡ
ݣò˻ˣ죡ƽǷ֪Լû·ΨһľǳȥŵԽԽã
ڶʩչ
ƵϢٶǱȴûκεı仯ȻżǴױԳܵġ
˫֮ɫʱǺ۵Ķͽһ㣬ҪһΣעԼ
ҷƣôʹ䣡Բԣ
ŭ𲻶ϣʱ˿Ǵ½еǿߴʱ˿̶ܹǲŭ
Ƭضڲ֮£һŻܵȼգս⣬Ҫطս
ƾʲôҪ֮ϣƾʲôҪ˵ˣ
ʱķƿ˵ǽħ˫֮ɫľֹâȴ֮ͬ棬μȥ޷һ˿
ʩչ
Ƶпʼ𽥵ľ֪ԼܹʩչٴʩչĻһʩչǷ
ӵԪİ벽ۣҲԳŲ˶ã
ҺޡҺҲ죡Ʊ˫ôһʱļ֣Ѿľˡ
Ĵʩչ
ʱ˿̣Ƶһͷ׷˿˿֣ͦεƺҲǳһ⡣
ĳ֣ڵ˵Ƶ˼ޣ
ǿ벽ۣϵʩչҲǾԲȡ
ʩչ
ǸоԼ֫һ˿ĸоƺվȶ
ڡǵ˼ôӿһĨΣԼѾ𽥵;ƿݡ
Ʋģʵȴòܣʩչ˻ĽҲûа취У
ǺǡӸһĨЦεҡҡԳһЦ㲻㣬ΪԼܹУȴͷǶԷһ׾ٵֶξΪ
ȫϢǵһּ£޷ʩչ˵ηһͬ½˶ܹõ
ƵϢڼһһֿµٶڼ
ʧܣ³ʧܣκͼˣյ³
ƴʱһǳõӣٶǲ
ǿƶǲܽнʥֺεºܡʥȻر˫ơ
̾һĻⲻò˵һֱʮûһܹسĽ
ҪˡСغһȴվ
ҪʲôƺǲСͼƶҲ͵̧ͷ
һôҪԸľЩˣԴУǷһСɫ޲ͬҪȥһƽ¡
Ҫ濹ǾԲܣֻͽԸĽڣƶסС𣬲ðա
Ϊһֱֵһ仰죬ΣۣҵȾֺηСɵص˵϶Ǳˣյĺˣ
ƶĬҲ̾һվȻҪһҲܹ͵Ǿһɣ
ʦǣʱԱȫǱŻˣλҪʲô죿
ͽԺˣƶޱص
Хƣպ͸װɣȥȥһ죡ҲǿЦ


2330 
ʱС𣬲ӦǳƺΪòٵȥԴлǺҵսһ
Х΢΢һɫȻе㸴ӣ֪˵ʲôҲǳĬ
˫ȴǳᣬƶ𣬲ƶղǰ״̬ѹٶա
ɵͽܣ£¡ƶƺҲǿúܿЦźһۣ˫˫ʧԭء
ȻʱǺɽͻȻزǿϢĳ֣Ҳ͵һǿâʣֱӵشڶȥǳǴٵĵط
Ϣ
ȻһҲֱӵز˴ʱСϢı仯ܶǰ͸ϢʱȻǲϴ
СǸʱͷСı仯е㲻Ծһֱû˵ҲǴŵز²⵽һ֣ǾǺû
ƶλǰȥΪΣɫԣԼǷҲǽϣʱһƮĴȴǶȻԺ֮
գͱˣ½Ҫҵһȥպ͵ÿԼˡ
Ǻ
𼤶ûһ£漴Ҳ֪ˣƶûаջŻҲģز²⵽ǴһȥҪʲô
£Ҳ̧ͷŲ񷣬̾һˣⱲӶǻ֮УȴܹͻΣȻһ
˵Įƽԭ֮ʣҲΪ˵ǽһƬ龰غһͬƬضǱ˹һ㣬ڻĮƽԭ֮ȴһ貵ĽɫӼڲϵɢµ
ǾǾżǵ̫ˡƶüͷʱǣҲûаЩ̺ż֮ףҲֻǸüͷԱ߽
Сӵôˣ΢΢ؽüͷַƵϢü΢޷׽õǼΪװ
СӵϢ΢ȴһֺ΢״̬֮£Ҷ͸ƶ˫ۣҪ͸貵ĽɫâϧֻԼؿһģӰʲô
ƶͺԱ߶ֻǸɵۣȴûа취֣ǵĵǾż̺֮ԽԽǿңھһ㣡
ȻʱƵ״̬ȷͬƶ˵ǰ㣬Ϊ͸ɫ貹âؿʱķһͷڷѾѩףӶǸƣﻹǰĺģһľѰͷһ
Ϣ쳣رʱпܱ̺֮Ŀֲɷ飬ûзǵģҲǲķ
Ǵ߶˷֧ţ˴ʲôʱʼԼڵͿʼѸٵؼǵ˫ۣҲǺķܶ
졭ءҾǲģ૵صһһ̣ǾԲ
ŷƵ״̬ԽԽã֮䶼ٶȱûһ㣬һεѹֳ˵ͷ֮УŴ·һ㡣
ջǵвô̾һҲǳĬҪˣ콾Ҳвơ
ɶͻʸ˫һŮ˶Ϭ͵̧ͷɫò԰ףƺҲǲʲôɶ΢΢ر˫аңɶһͬϸȪ·
ʸ˫ر᲻֪Ӵ֮޷ˡ
½˻ʸɫҰ׵ؿŲ񷣬岻ҡҡصı仯һνٶʧˣ֪һν˾Ƿơ
ʧܵĻ³䣡
һжô첻ĵر˫ϣںη
ʧܣ˲ͬǿߵĸ̾㲻㣬ûа취ȥͻĽô
ʱʶ쳣ѣҲ̾һ֪˴ʱǻعⷵնѣǿҲвľżǴֻܻٻҡ
ұ֮ˣξһսʵǲİ
ƻ̧ͷһΧľżǴҲһر˫ȻʱȴǶȻشһ仯
ԭʧ壬ٶǱһǿϵسŷƵڣ


2331 صĴ
鰡飬ˣǺοءڶȻҲ÷΢΢һ£ҲҡͷЦѡ
ֵزٶľٶҲֻνѡ
ȻƲ²ֽǱǿͬʱȴ÷Ʋһ쳣ĸо
ڷƵ϶ȻųһǿҵɫâɫâǿڣǾżǴƶʱرѹˣ
һֱ仯ȻҲƶͺ˵ı仯˱ǷһͻȻӿֵɫâнɻ
ƴʱȴǸоȫͬǴһůҫţȫůĸоŵѸٵػָţе졣
ʱ򣬷ƵԺ֮УȴǶȻشһɣ
ֻ֮أ֮ǬҪ֪˿ʤ죬ֻһΣΣ͵ÿԼˡ
صĲɣÿ죬ʧҲ죬ûвεس֣ΪԼǻþ֮ڵı仯ȴֻԼȷеظܵõ
䣡
ǿڷƵڱ֮䶼Ϊ֮ʱ˿̣ƸоԼڣ޾Լӻ
һֱ仯ǿ߹עʱúƶ΢΢ʧɫơôỹֱ仯
ǿɫ࣬һ𽥱ڸȥľżǴҲʮֵز죬ھʲôܣȻܹѹƣ
ȥ˵ǿ԰һ٣ƶǿϣֽȥڵᵽһ޾ĵزǾżǴҲûа취ٶԸƣ
ȻˣҲܵţƴϹͷҲðһΣ˫֮бһâ֮еǳ޷ֱӡ
ãƶĻӦֻǼ򵥵һ֣һۣҲǵ˵ͷԱǿױȵֱӵŷľżǴѹƶȥ
Ѱʱ򣬻Ǹղŵ˸֣ڲһȻ֪ڷʲô仯ȻǴʱķƣѾŰһٵĵˣ
źƶ˵ĳ֣ڷľżǴҲǷ˱仯Ǵ췣һĿ³̶Ȼӵسɱ
Ǻƶ𣬶˿η壬Ҫľƴظȡ㹻ʱ䣬ΪǲڵȻǳֳһֱըʽƺƿػҪһЩʱ䡣
֮УȻҪֻǴƶ˵ĳ֣ȻǼǿ˾żǴҲǳɹؽ󲿷ǴǷԼϡ
СӣͿԼ˰Ūùң𲻶ϵصӴӿľżǴҲǿЦ
ǿ𼶱𣬵ԾżǴȻҲеģʱ仹Գȥʱһˣ˶Բֻǰϣ˷Ƶϡ
ʱΪƶ˵ĳ֣ܵѹҲǶȻؼ˲٣ǲϳŰѸٵӣֻһͷѩ׵ĳٶǱ˺ڷ
ǲϵ𽥵رøǿһУǳ۷״ָ̬
лָͬʱҲһƬ飬Ͼƴʱ׷ʲô飬ҲûԼԺ֮ͻȻֵزɣһ仰һĪ״̬С
Լһ嫵ǿ֮УԼͬƬǿյףԶǾ޴ǳԼһ֮飬һֱ׷ģ
ĵزԺ֮вϵػһ仰оԼԺƺٶȱһţֻҪȥһȫͬ磡
ˣ
ƶȻ˫ƶǵһ۷״̬Ҳͬƿʲôһ㣬ɫǰδе
죬ңأңصһ䣬ֻ˫֣һɫ֮С
ֻǰһգѵľżǴȴͻȻһ㣬ûһ㶯
ƶͺ𶼾ˣ⡭⵽ô£ǿƵʱиǲ첻ѣʱķƣ˫֮˸âȴһŹɫܹѾżǴذУ



2332 ż
ڷƵһ֮£ƬضΪ֮ͬڲϳžżǴĺԼƶ𣬶Ϊ֮һ㶡
Ǵʱ˿̣ظоõܵõֿѹȻƬ̾ʧǴûгֹ˸žɫǴȴǸǰ
⡭ô£ƶʧؾеڴͬʱ˷ƵϣȴǷͬƿЩǴ֮һ㣬Ŀ֮£ЩżǴ֮ȴͬ˳һ㣬ûа취κεĵֿ
ҵ찡һǲ˾żǴôƶҲ־㵣ֱ̫˼ˣȻܹǴǴ˵֮ΪµľżǴ
ǺܿǷһЩͬĵطǰķȴǸһּΪİĸоȫͬһˣ˫֮оȻԼ̺һ˿ɫâ
ԣƺǽĳ״̬֮Сüͷ˷ǸֵɫҲ뵽ǰ̲ص顣
˵һ⣬ǾǷƿĹܣԲܹѹЩżǴ
أǺҲ˽ⲻֻ֪࣬һʱڣһֶѪȷ磬˵֮лܹȻֻһԣҲûпĸܹ
ƶĬĬؿŴʱķƣû˾żǴвҲһҲ뿪˷ƵΧӽƺʲô
ɹôƶüͷʵʱ˿̷Ƶ״̬˾ɣǾżǴȫûκã޷²⵽ǹɹ
΢˫ۣĬ˰ǵûв´ĻӦǽɹǷȱһܹȫŹȥôܹĽΪһۣ
ʱڳɾʹ۵壬ɾ͵ĴȫͬΪƴĽδܹɵ飡
Ȼںƶȥ֮˶Ȼر˫ֵİϢȴԽԽʢλΪ֮ļ£
һžżǴڷƵǰѾ𽥵رɫâ֣ƶǿظ֪žżǴһֻٶڼһּǴ֮ȴǽ˷Ƶڣ
Ҳ˵ƴʱþżǴдȥһ
Ŀǰ˵⣬ֻҪܹȫһžżǴĻôܹȫ֤ɵۣʱƬص˶оõĽʧ
ƬأָĲ½Ƭǿ֮£ǱߵǿߣҲܹоõֻҪƴϣô½ͨͨͻȫش򿪣еĽƾͻʧЧ
ȻǰĽǺǵĺΪӱƣҲ˿֣ʱĽ֮ܵһûܹͻƣǽƾͲʧ
ʱǺɽԭɫ֮ɫʥҲǶȻ̧ͷɢĺѹѹգһһĸоȴǵ
ȻָоӵУ½ǿ߶ܹõЩָۣоǣĽƺ𽥵ʧ
ûܹ˵Ľʲôȴǵȷڣʱĸо˵⣬֤ɹǳɹΪۣ
ͬʱǿͬҲǲֱ仯ĳЩ˵ʱͻƣ»Ὣ鷳Ƕ壬Ⱦͷʵ˵
ͻơͻƳɹˣԭįһӾǱüȻûа취ۿڴĸоȴ֪֮εĽƺϾҪʧ
ʱ̵Ҳ˸ԭֻ̺ͻܹȷе֪˴νнľǷƣԭ״ǽʧˣڿ֪ΪʲôȻǻɹˣ
ȥе䱸׼ӭǵ֮Цصһȵ̫ˣȴûʧûʧ
ˣСԣҲɫһϢǷش壬˶֪յ֮
ʮûܹ飬ͻ˴۾


2333 ۡ
ʱƣЩżǴ𽥵رȥǣЩżǴѾǾرƸ֮ڣ
ʱ򣬷ƿص췣֮ͻȫɱΪǴ֮
һûܹõǴǳż»ЩΪ֮ɵһ÷ƿôϵõԺķƣЩһЩ𸶳Ҳŵֵ֮
СܹƿǴ֮ˡҡҡͷּͬǿߣڷҲ˿͸
ҲĶҪһ״ȴûϵСӵ̺ȴ˵֮еϾƿ췣ֻ֮췣׵Ǵ֮ѣҲ˵øƶЦеص˵ΪɣڴоԽԽԣͺʲôҪһ㡣
ԽԽԣƶͺЦԽԽʢǺһ޵Ĳ񷣬Цŵ˵᲻ڵԼš
Ҳ»ᣬûŪƷǸһ컯ƶЦеصͬʱҲСӽƱزƽҪص½ôĻǶ˵ǿ԰һ£˵ҲܹһԵ
й仰ȥƺ죬Ǿ絽ּǿ˵صӵ͸ȻҲ÷±Ҳй
صĹܱ⣬ȻҲһηܹƿǴ֮컯ûǿмϾżǴôڵͲᱬص÷ưȻؽɹΪҲܹлƿǴ֮
λ˵պ󽫻ᷢʲô黹˵ϿɵģʱܹæҲһ¡
˵ǻȥ֮󣬻СءЦЦ仰٣ΪԶţͷѪʮǴŴǿ뿪磬ҪȥĻ˷ǡ
ʲôСӲʲô֮ôͲҪˣֱ֮ڰƶЦص
ЦЦأһλ𼶱ǿͷҪע⣬Ҳ˼С
ƴʱȻ֪۵Ȼպ֮£ʱȫĳһľ棬֪κεȴǲģΪ֪ƶͳߡ
ǸоԼһȫɫʰ쵵֮У಻ͬɫܷţֲܶͬɫĹڲϵ֮С
ֱ仯ڵ֮һ췣֮Դʼݵͬһ˷ܵСһʼЩɫ㡣
ܿ죬ƱǲԼڷž˵ı仯ȫľЩ߲ʰ쵵ߵ֮£ȻǷһɱ䣡
ɱ䣬ǱøǿȻаһЩʹھ˾żǴݲеķ˵ʵ㲻ʲô
ȫڷ˾˵ı仯֪ԼڽһͬԼҲڷţڵ֮һ췣֮ȻǷ˱仯
ԭǰɫɫʱЩɫʰ쵵ߵ֮ȴٶתһ߲ʰ쵵
кǲ죬ϸϸһ£ͷȴǳһֿϲǾżǴǰһ̻ǰԼڵȥʱ˿ȴǳΪԼһ֣
ô˵Ѿƿ˾żǴ͵һͻԼǱͷһĻôԼӵһôµɱﵣ𼶱ĴڣҲ飡
𽥵еĿϲصȴɱķ֪ԼѾǳɹر˾żǴĴݲУǿ˵øӶܹۣ
ֻҪɱɵһƾƬ֮һλߣ
ۣƣ
ɱ䲢ûг̫ʱ䣬ԼĪǰʱ䣬ڷľżǴǻɢֱޣһ̣½ǿߣǿߣǰ½ǿߣͷ͵һ죡
ĽʧˣеǿϢ͵ؿǣӰ벽ۻָԼʵ磡
ͬһʱ䣬Ҳǻ˫һ˫ڵ֮Ǻҹǿգŵâ޷ֱӣ


2334 
ѾǽɹʱѾʽ̤˴磬ʮ֮Ӷû£ӲسԼһպΣʼնǻᱻС
˫۵һ˲䣬оԼȫ̥һ۹ȥΧһУûеĸоһ־µĸо
䣡䣡
ϢȻسֻƻعȴǿƶ˵ڱǰδеһǿϢ½Ϊ֮
𼶱
ǿޱȵǸոսΪ۵ķƣҲ΢΢̾𣬵ּȻԼͻƣҲԲܹԵġ
ʱеǿߣǴۣӲĽѹƵ벽۵ˮƽĽѾʧеǿ߶Ѿգ
뵽һ㣬ɫ΢΢ƻ̯һ߲ʰ쵵âǸԼУڵ췣֮ɱΪµǴ֮һǴ˵֮еľżǴ
ƿҲǴԼز²һûĻƾڵ־żǴܹ֮һƴȻҲƴһµʸѣ˵ּĴڡ
Ҫ֪Ϊ貵һ֮УҲûжλںĺƽ֮У󲿷ֶˣܹĲࡣ
ڣ֪кƶ𣬺ڻȻɶȻ֪ɶĹȥȻҲһΪǿƵ
Ҳ˵ڷ˵⼸λȻպ󲻿ȫΪԼƾ½Ľ飬ΪѻǿԵģһ£λڣȻ𣬿ڰ֮ҲûʲôѹƵˡ
ϲˣ۳ɹ
ʱƶҲЦ˹ŷƵ泩ʮʧˡ
Сӣҿ㡣ҲЦŵλûи̫Ƶߣ˵ǿŷеһâԵļɵ֮ɫ
СðżǴܹʵǹ̥ƶҡҡͷϵ̫ˣЩ𼶱ǿ߶ûܹ͸
Ǵ֮΢΢һ㶣Ҳǿ֮һŴĿȴ߲ɫŲʵâÿһ˿һ̺ǿµƻ
ǽҪԼǱĥҪҪľżǴѾǳΪƿصһ˵ҲһֻԵ
ƻ̧ͷһƬ޵Ĳ񷣬ڶɹǴʱǲעҡ
ƶûв죬Ͳ²õ˺Ҳǵ˵ͷû£Ȼ޴ڣܲԵ޹ʶһ˳֡
ЦЦҲ֮еâλЦѳɣҲΪԺһˣȻ
ƶ˵ͷĽѾʧô½ڵĽҲʧˣʹŽһȺյǿߣȥ
Ȼͬʱ䶼˾޴𶯣绹ǰ½ʱͬһʱ䣬ÿͬĵطǿϢӿ֣
Դӷƽۿʼһ̿ʼں쳾֮еǿ߿ʼͷųΪǿеǴۣеֻмΪļطϢΪµģǾ
еͷĽ֮ڣϢֶȻһ뷢׵վһɽ֮ϣһǿգ̾˰
ڰ½֮УҲвƵǿϢֶûǣڰ½֮УֻиоɼΪǿϢǶǼɵѵ𣬲ࡣ
ڻָʵˣôãڵٶѣͬСڻлˣʱÿһ˵ɫǼġ
˻ʸ֪һν۵ľȻǷƣǾϲ֣ɶ˵һϢ
ڿһ֮ҲɫǳĽѾʧôҪԵ¾Ϳɶˣڰ֮УĸֱϾ̫ˣһЩǿƵ˵һ˽սǺܳԿ
ڵȻ֮£ǰʱѾŲҪˡ


2335 ׼
֮УڶǿӶ¶˷ܵɫĽʧˣڵҲǾظˣҲţǿ»صյ֮У
ɫƽʧˣҲǸˣȴûܹʧȻǻңڲŽǿʼ
ԱߵʥҲڷ̬ǲԾɫΪ԰ףȻǸղΪƶǴʱԼĵĶǳ˲ȶ
ѾǳɹˣҲ̫־壬ⱲӶֹġҡҡͷʥ״Ҳǵ̾һҲԤϲ
ƵǴֵ̫ˣǴ𼶱ĴڶΪ֮ɵ˵ʥֻһֻſ۾ˣܹɹҲܹʥ״ฺ̬
֪ҲµġʥɫΪ԰ף˵û̫˶һ÷֪ԼһǴһ벽۸ˣ֪лк뷨
߰ɣҲˡҲ𽥵ظһĨصɫǹҪպȥһ½˵ǼҪ
ǣʥ΢΢죬ֻзһ˶ɹǴô
ƶǶˣҪһѡЦЦʱ˿̣СݣȻҲǲ˵Ҳܹ²õǵȺϤϢȴ֮⣬ҲҲڶˡ
𣡣Ѿôʥ־㵣ֱͳ޴󰡣һѾʮˣȴͻȻس֣ĶҪ
˭֪أǸСƾǺת벻ҶˣֶΡҡҡͷ֮дһ˿ЦҲǲɣΪκҪôԼݡ
Ϊ˴۾磬ٶҲǴӻĮƽԭصǣûöõʱ䣬ڻصǵʱȴңңͿһȫµӰңš
ɶ
Ƶһ۾ϳӰ˭ɵһůɶȻһֱڵȴ뵽ƵٶȲɵǼӿ˼֣գ֮ѾɶԱߡ
ǰһЦķƣɶ֮еˮ̲סص˺ݺݵ˽˷ƵĻ֮Уϵջǹˣ
ˣˣһǿ߻ôޱӣ˿˻ЦЦеŻ֮е˶ҲǸ̾ԼûܹǴ֮´ʱ͵ǵĵظˡ
ҡһΪġɶղŷƽıԵ֮жѾ˾׼Ҫͬһ𣬵ȴûõת̫ͻȻƾȻһϮǴ֮ɱ䣬ɹؽ˴ۣ
ԣˣڲǺúõվǰƵ֮ҲǳϵŮʵǲ˺ֻǺο
ʱ򣬺ƶҲǽصһ۷ƺɶҲЦеصˣСڱˣһȺء
ƺɶʱӦʱעõԱ߻ǿߣʸ˫Ҳڣһǿ˷Хվڻʸ˫ߡ
ɫеεӺԣ֮еɶӶǱͨҪѷƵĻǷƵ˫ȴֱӵرɶҲһԼСԴ
ϲϲպ͵óƺΪˡʱЦеǰףصպΣ£Ľ
ˣϾͱˡƿЦһܹɹȫԼվıԵϣȴΪ
ô˵㶼ͻƳɹˡʥʱҲǰȻɫе԰ףܹʮûܹ£Ҳһ̾
Ϣƺе㲻ȶƿһʥüͷֲȶе㲻Ѱӡ
ʥ̾һɫе΢صĲȣϣʱܹʰȻⱲҲֹֻڴˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʥɫƺǲ˵飬Ҳǲ׷ȥϾ¶ʥ˵ҲһȽε顣
ˣȻ˶ൽˣôҲ򵥵˵һ¡˼£ĿɨӹڳǿߣŲٴۣǿߣЩһǿߡ
Ըǻصԭǵ磿


2336 ط
ô򵥵һ仰ڳ˵ǿУȴǶǳĬ
ǵģ˵ûֵȥȥ⣬ǶԾΪѡ½ǲ뵽ķ֮УȴҪٶ̤һƬô
ʱ򣬺ȴȻվ˳Ϣʱǵǿ߶Ϊ֮㵣ǰޱȵϤǰĺ壬û뵽ȴѾ𼶱ǿߣ
ܶǿ߶ͶԼǲŵһЩȴ˼ɫ뵽ǰʱ䣬˵ǽ˺ĴС
òɣҾǺ𡣡
˶סˣΨ¶˻ȻɫȻǺ
һ軳ҵݣԺҽһ£Ǹ˵һȥ⡣֪ʱ˿̣վΪһȺ˴֮дط
Ҵǽ½ҪܿģҲ֪˵һκƽٵʱڣĳЩѾ˽ˣҾͲ˵ȻһЦҲǵΪܹʹ˱ܿģԼתʮҶδֹȥһĹ֮أҲѡ
úô˵˶ʱѾǻ˹ԭĺ𲢷ûѡһַʽת
ңΪܵһУǵȴǷ֣ζܣҲ㲻ƣΪ΢ͳ仰Ҳǵ˵ΪʲôҪ˴½ԭ˵˳
ȻǲԸѡصĻҺƶһ¾ҪȥҲؿһˣ֮ȴǸֳһĨǸ⡣
Ͼ˶Ǹʮ֮˵Ҫȥеܲס
һĬҲǵ̾һ;һĽ򿪣Ǿͻص֮Уڵȵǿ߿ǡ
ڳЩǿ˵ϣѡ뿪ΪôһȺǿߣԼ߳ģʮ֮ǻص磬Ҫع鵽Ե֮в򵥣˵һЩ˼뵽֮Уǿ
һ㣬ȻǷϣġ
ƶһۣҲǰ̾һѡֻЩǿߣѡǶ
Ƭ֮һǿվ˳źƶˣصλȻ׷ǶʮѾǹȥˣѾ˵½Լļңǲ뿪
λ̬֮Ҳ½˸ͣǶǶһǿߣȴԸҵĶ֮УԸѡ½֮а
ƳĬҲԤ֮УΪԺ͵۵Ķʱ򣬾£ЩǿߣȻʼкܴһ˵֮£в˱ӼԺܴһ˲Ը˷
Ҳ⣬ֻȼۼǿ߱ʾԸ׷ص硣
ãȻѡҲǿǣ֮½ǼԺλҲǴ档Цһ־Ҳ˿ز⡣
һ㣬û˿ⱾõģΪԺʥԼһ˶ʧʱ򣬾ѡ뿪½
ʱȻһǿ߲ԸȥȻػ½ξǵϣԺȨҲƽ˳ȥ
ġЩԸ뿪ǿ߽Ƕλ𹧾ҲһܹȻãѾϰʮǵʵǲķ֮С
˵ͷҲɨӹˣڻ뿪½ƶ𣬺ڻ꣬зŮˣһӣʥһʦֵܣԼĪǶʮˣ
ȻֻǶʮˣһǷ磬ҲǣͷҲȥλһȺۼǿߡ
ȻˣǾ߰ɣ²˳٣´ʱҲˡҲǲԸиҪǡ
Ƶ˵ͷŻ֮еɶмԼܹؼˣ


2337 ҵİ½
ʸ˫̧ͷգغһˣԼٶȿԻص統ˣ
ȴǰٰ˼Ϊһ뿪½ͻǰǸʥŮʸ˫
ͷƵһйϵնϣĻԼǷХƣ嶼֣֮Ȼᣬ֪ǱҪ
ڸղſƹһ˲䣬ʸ˫Ǽɶһ˷ƵҲʧֱ࣬仯Լûв
Хվڻʸ˫󣬲Լĸ׵ɫ仯Ҳû˵ʲôֻǿ˷Ƶɫø࣬Ϊ֮ǰ˵Լ˵ܹܹһأôǳϷס
ʱѾˣԺص˵Ǹ֮УƺԼܸĸ׻ʸ˫ߣҪڷƵߣ
ȴûвʸ˫ͷХƵɫ仯ΪӶҪص½ͷΪһˣˣҪػ塣
Ϊ׼һҲֱӵٶȻص˻Įƽԭ֮У뿪½ûʲôཻҶһ˵ȥﶼһ
һжʮ˽˻Įƽԭʱ򣬿һ龰ǲɵþ֣ղŷѡҪɹǴɽĵصǿǽܹ²õĿ
û˵ľȣվڻĮƽԭİգ˫ֲϵؽһһӡռ䶼ǿʼòȶ
䡭
ľ죬Įƽԭ󰲾ӵ֮вϵ٣ֱ񷣬һһµķġ
һֱӵʾ˳һĻʱƶΪֹ֮̾ĺĮƽԭǳΪ󷨵һ֣
ϸ˵Įƽԭһ󷨣ֲܹסǿʮʱ䣬Ľʧ𵱳µĽƣԼ򲻿
ſռ𵴲ϣһ޴Ŀռбǳ˵ǰоǿĿռ̲֮סһ޷ʩչ
Խ󷨣ҲΨкȵǷ켫ܹ֮£һ˸ܳɹġ
Ǹռеĳ֣˵ɫǱüֻҪһǾܹصԼ磡
ˣͨѾǴͨˣͨ½أֱӵ硣𵭵صɨӶʸ˫ߣ仰ȻǶ˵
ʸ˫ĬĬص˵ͷأطͬҲǿԻص磬ֻԼܿҪһжҪ˵ټˣǸӡ
ƣ֪֮ôҵڳ½ʱ򣬹һʱᰲǵ塣ƶƬ̣ҲǵԼѡ񣬱Ͼʱʮ꣬ǲٻص˵
һȻҵҡӶЦˣһȻ˵ȫ壬λڣ۰½ĸ棡
ãǾ߰ɣҲغһ˻֣һ̤˿ռ֮Уͨ˰½صУ
ʱİ½ŷƵĽɹν˵ȫˣǿ߸գð½һӱǳһɷĸо
壬ʱ˻ʸĴ֮Уһ˶Ǿÿ˵ü֮䶼ǹǳɫ
ǻҪòܹأ쿴һ۶Ҳʵ˵ǣȻ˻ʸһҲǷƵǼӣԼ޸Ǽˡ
֪ǵ֪Ƿͻ˴֮ÿ˵ɫǼҲǸŬؽ޸λҲǴż̾˿
ڶ˵ǲôá̿üͷ̾ΪµǸ߱ɱѾŲҪԸˣ£ĽѾʧһЩϹزģڶпܳ֡
ȷˣȣǶûأݺݵشһӣȻ仰Ҳ˵˵ѣƾʵҪȥҸǳ˵λ
ֻǵȷƾСҲ֪ôҶҲɶ񣬻͵ñ˼ˡҲǱ˱
ȻʱɼΪǿϢȻؽ˻ʸ棬ͻȻ˶͵ɫͱˡ


2338 
ķƹʥŮѪϴ壡
һװŭ쳹˻֮У˶ǱǵصӴϢ𺳵ˣ˻ʸǱǿϢС
̵Ҳɫһ䣬аӰȻر˻ʸϿա
ֵʱȴǷʮǿ߳˻ʸϿգڻؿ˻ʸӥڸԼ
˭Ϊأ쿴һǿߵĳ֣ҲǼ𺳣һҲǴۼǿߣд󲿷ҲһĴڣ
ʮܹ
壿һϰ壬ȻҲԣһͷЦŵϢ쳣Ȼһĸ֣
Ħ壡֮ǰʮ壡
üͷҲϳͷӵ壬Ȼǰ֮ǰĦһ壬ȴҪ嶯֡
̵ɫ¾ͱüΪ࣬ΪǷ֣ȴĦ壬һ壬߹һ壬һ壬ǿһ
Щǰ֮ʵǿǰ壬ȴǾؾۺһҪˡ
ûλ岻飬֪Ҫ϶Ը壬Ǻ⣿µ񣬻Ҳǰеһŭʵ
Ϊʲô
ĦһǸͷЦصװˣȵ߱ɱǿǱȵ־ʶؽȵʥŮͷƣĻվ֮գ
Ȼˣ
̺ͻһۣҲ쳣أЩǿ߹Ȼ˶ٴ֮ǰǾ뵽Ҫ֣ȴûϵõȻôǿһԸ
ʵ̵˲֪ǣһεҲһıڵ֪߱ɱ֮⣬һǿ߾Ҫ˻壡
ƾűѹ壬Ҫǹƥ壬ǲܵ飬ϵһЩǿ壬ǰҪЩǿߣǿ
Ŀǰûʵвǰ⼸壬һǿ˵֮£ǿ߶ǿʼϾҲԻ͹һʱڣǺٴγ
ȵ߱ɱһЩȻҲΪ˸ԵĿضһ𣬲Ż˽һĻ
ȵʥŮʧ٣ҵ޹أ֮ҲʧˣĪһȥһɣ̵Ƣ𱬣Щûٵ˵ҲҧгݣҲǳԷ
ÿεС椣үĦһΣһٻ󣡡
ͷӿ̣Ҳ˫ðŹâ¾Ǳ̵ɫд
ȻڳԣŲҷ㣡ǺεŮӣȻᱻԷϷȻҲǲ̣»ִһͬһƲ
ֻͷӹһЦҲһ渡ֳһ貵ĹâȻӲ˫̵֣һ
ȻŮˣүϲ
赭дؽһ֮󣬹ͷҲǺٺһЦȻҲͬΪǿߣǹͷҲͬǣʧ˵ʵνǲ£
һĻΪأտ鷳ˣһȺߣ̫ˣ
𣡡
ʱŭ쳹˻ʸܿӴӰռ˻ʸϿգһƬֻ˿˫ɺ֮ɫľ޴
Сڣ
»ҲһλҲǱˣеԼ߲λ
Сĳ֣ȻڶǿҲΪ֮һ㶣ССǿϢΪͬĴҲ˼ɵ֮ģ¾Ǳ˺
˻ʸ浱Լô
СǱŲм쳹ڳǿ߶Уɫøѿ
ʲôͷ޶ѣСһһͷƺо綾һǿ߿϶ǲᣬҲ˵˫̫󣬸£
ô˵ǿҲǻعССڵ֮¾Ȼ⣬һǷŭǿ߾Ȼǻᱻͷ޸ô
⴫ȥǻô̧ͷ
˵һΣʥŮͷƣ壡
ĦһͷҲǶݺݵص˿á


2339 ֿ
Сүҹȥ˻ʸ
СƢ꣬ʵҲǻָ۷״̬˵һǰҲ˿壬Ϊ˵
ʱҲȻشӻͳһֱӵǵһλ칫£˵ʲôѵʱ򣬿һ¡
컹붯Ǵʱʵݲȥ֮еһЩҪԸ壬ƾ޷֧ŵףΨнͷ֮һ壡
СӰȱȥˣ
һǿۼ⣬һֱڹ۲˵ĶһСȻҲ޷ù¾ͱǴʾҪСĵ㡣
Ѿ֪ͨ壬ٲ뿪ǿ֣߳뿪ûлᣡȻǱƣҲû˿Σص
壡
ֺݺݵػڳڶǿͷ֮һȻǰ½Կ⣿
һ㳬ǵϣû뵽СȻܹȻйϵѹҪ߱ɱһ˼
ͷһЩǿ֮в˶ҡ֮⣬ʲôЦԼζ嶯֣һǵȷɵֻܹԻͣΪȵ߱ɱڣǾˣҲû˸ҳ˵ʲô
ͬǣһͷͱòˣҪ֪һȻĶ֮У½Щȫز
һǿ߿ǻˣ֮ôһԸ壬⣬ʱڶǿĻºˣµùľһˣ
һҲǸĲ壬ľɱ˷Ƶʧ٣ҲǴŭǽһƽֻܹӵҲһǿߣؽʧ֮󣬲Ÿҳ֣
λݵ˵ǺεʵôǺŹϵһʱѣһǿҧƻ
ֻҪҵȵʥŮ¾ǵҲ޾壬ȳʲô
һǿߵﲻϵعƻڳǿߣҵȵ߱ɱֵʱҲ˵˭԰һʥŮĻȻõȵĺ񱨡
Ϊ֮еĴڣĳֹǿ߶ǲܳڰ½֮ϣȿͨʵسð½һЩ֣ԱǴﵽĿġ
ҪԸ壬ҲôףһЩ֮ǿٰ߽½Ļһͻ֮Ķš
ȿйһЩΪ֪Լǲµ½֮С
һǿⷬ˵֮ҲвٵǿٶȺȷһʹ彻ʥŮ䣬ǷƣܹõȵİʱҪˣҲȻﶥš
˵ɫ࣬ݺݵض˵ڶǿ֣˫֮жǿŭһ̫ɶˣ
֮һ岻ݣ
һĻڻĿ˵Ϊɭݺݵضһǿߡ
ߣΪжô»ָԶŵĻԻͣ룡һǿ߱仰̼ˣȻҲ¶֮ɫ
仰˵ǿߵɫǱˣһ仰ǴģȷǻԻ͹һʱڣվ˰½۷ϣѹסе壡
ƺļЩôٶ
ƣ壡
뵽һ㣬ĦһǸͷҲǺζٶ֮ƣǿԳԽ֮Ĵڣ
ܹɱƣôȻҲûа취ͬʱܹõȵİ䲻һõ顣
˻ʸս״̬
˻֣ҲǶԶ˵£Ҫɳǿ߹սɣ
ֵزҪӱȻǲܵ飬ΨһսشʱѾ֪϶ǻɳǿ߰æֻҪܹŵǸʱԣ
Ȼʱ˻ʸ֮ȴǶȻٶɲϢȻûڳЩǿô磬ҲǲСˣȻǰ벽ۼϢ


2340 
⣬ǾȻʱˣ
ɫȻһ䣬ЩȻҲСεˣлһˣЩɶδϣʱֵĻᱻЩǿ׽סᣬһǽйĻ鷳ʹˣ
ûԭСε˶Ǵڱչ֮УΪܵǿϢ˻ʸҲǴо˹Ѿ½ؿʼء
Щǿ߿ЩϢ֮ҲһЩɶǰ벽۵ϢԹԣһȻǳô벽ۣʱһͻƵĻֻһ޷ֱӵ
Ҫ𣡲ûеƾôһɾĺ󱲣ʲôɳ
Ҫǣ
ͷڶǿߵֶÿ˵ü֮䶼ǿʼһЩɱ⣬ԭĶҡǿߴʱ¶˾ģǲܹٶֵ֮ĻԻͣ
ȻϽƣǾݹǲ
ĦһĹͷҲɭɭصȴѸٸСεˣ֮еɱǾˣҲܹСξȻҲǰ벽۵ʵ
ת۰꣬СΣʱҲǳˣȫ̳׵ɣѾһλǵŮӣټǰ벽۵Ϊܹʵǲࡣ
ȴ֮⣬зƵˣлɭͲӰ𿰳ܹƲĴҲǳˣ
ͻȻֵô벽ۣЩҪԸڶǿҲһô벽ۣɭͲӰ˵Ϣģʱпܽ۾У
һʱ֮䣬½֮һЩǰǿҲ¶Ľɫһ壬Ȼ֮ţʵ˶ʼɣ
ֻչЩŶǵУΪǲ
ôˣģʱɫ࣬⼸޲Ƕϻȥⲻǳô
ѣǲӲܡС۵𣬴ʱڳڶǿߣ˿壬Щ˾Σ岻ӣ˭һ¾һ¡
СҲص˵ͷʱ˿̵֮˸ı仯ǲϲ£ȻΪһֱǾ˷һε֮ͻȻãԼûУ
лСӶǽ˰벽۵ļ𣬸˵ǲӰɭ𵱳ܹŷƲؽ벽۵߲Σһܹ֤ɵۡ
һȺӣڰ֮еκһ嶼ѵһţһ΢С֮ȴǳô࣬ѹֻǿɱġ
նȻرǱСڣʮ벽ǿһƾȻҲܹغһλ⡣
ڽ֣ƺڵȴһһƽⱻƣôͻǿ籩һ
Ϸ꣬ȴҪжɱһ£ʵĲ̰
ʱһĵ̾ϢȴͻȻ
˶һ㶣Ӳ𾪵ɫ˵˭ڳĶߣȻܹϢشʵĺɴǻˣʱ˿ɫ࣬仰Ȼ˵Ҫģ
һεѹǵصӿ֣ڳǿߣǻҲǸоһĻţ̫ǿˣǿǶ޷֮ģ
𣡣
һۣȻؾܹҲǲ޷ģΨ𼶱Ĵڣ
ȴǳһλ鷳ˣҪ֪ôΧٻһģʱȴǳһλ𣬶ʱͱòͬˡ
֮ʲôʱһλ̫˾ˣ𣬸Ͳǰ½֮ˣĪǡɳǿߣ
뵽һ㣬жʱЩɫɳǿǰĪҲһλ𲻳ɣȻǲܵ顣
ȫžռ仺Ťţһεѹ˵ͷ֮ϣһ۵ȴǻسڳС
һߵĳ֣˵ĺǶȻؼ࣬һλ𰡣
˸ߣ֮ٶ֡
ϵ£λ˵ĵڶ仰˶ǾˣȻҪɭͲӰô
ܿǿҲ뵽ˣֶοǴһֺ̡


2341 
λسֵҪǱλ󱲣ûж֣պҲ˵ô
ɭͲӰһۣ֮ҲǸһĨЦϺ̿졣
ôϷΣ˸ңƽ£Σλ֮еĵλҲǲͣ¾ȻҲֱܹӵظ
ȻǻζӦġ
ǲԸˣϷҲֺֻһذҡҡͷ̾ϢһԱߵǿȴĶڲһ£ʲôЦĿǰһοҪֱ˰
ǰΪͷ֮һͲʲôôӲͷƤվ˳¶һλ𣬵ˣһ˾ٲĵز
ҽվ㷭壬˭˵Ȱ㻰
ϵǣλƵᣬĻ¶һЦɫڳЦŻ
ڶǿ߲ɵһλ𵽵ʲôͷȵĹҲô˵ɣ֮Ƹһͷڣ
һӶǿɬ֮ɫȷ;ĩ·ˣ嶼Ҫȵŭ֮ô
һ˲ûзǻˣվҲϣǱѰǿ׳һ϶ѡ
ȻʱǿҲǱ˳ĬȵĳͷȻɿĸ𣬶˵һϣ壬ܹвλģγһ£
һǿߣɭӸǹЦһ嵱εȵǿҲΪ壬㸲𣬶ҲΪһ治ǿߣʱܹ龰ȻҲʮֽ
һ֮Ѹٵ֮һλѹȣ嶼ûȥյ֮ƹܹı־ô
ͺǿôҵ̰֮
ʱлɫͨվ˳Ȼ֪𼶱ǿߺǿ£˵һָͷܹܷΣԲԴУ
ڵʱ򣬾Ҳ˵ҪȴСȴͻȻЦһʢĵͶ֮ķ顣
˫֮УȴǸֳһĨĵ⣬ڵ𽥵Щ߲޵Ĺâε忪ʼƲ
Ҳԣҵˣ
ʾССҲһۣ֮սķʱֲûܹôܹΪļ仰͸ܵȴ
ҵ干
Ϊ⼸˵Ⱦеǿ߶бǿĲս⣬š
ɭͲӰһۣǰҲǵ̾һϧȲǸһԭΪܹѹһ£۾֮С
ͬʱ룬ƲˡӰĮȻصȴǶȻ̤һ˵۷壡
ͬʱڵЩ벽ۼǿ߾ȻҲĬһ㣬̤һƺ棬干
һĻȴ𺳵ЩǿߣһλĴڶκη飬һȺǰ벽۵ĺ󱲣ȴ˾˾ģţ»֪η
ˣ
ԶնȻ˺ѣһӰѸٵظͻȻıȴò˲ĿðǿߣѵҲҪһǿô
ɫأ˫ն۵һ㣬ʱпܱ
ҷ֮֮£λ̧֣
Ӱڳֵʱ򣬱ֱӵ׳ôһ仰˲ǿߵļҷӦԹԣ廹ĺ˹ϵôȻԳˡ
ԣɵһȻߵʵǿȴһ־ȵλҪ֣Ҳ˼ɡ
ĿǰҪľȵλǿߣǴʱﻹ˼֣ͷʵǿԲֵġ
˵ȵλϣȻܶ˶ǲ֪λ𾿾ô罵ٵ½Ȼǿ
壿ϷҪ£κҵʲô
˵ϣȵλ˿塣


2342 ɵ
ʱֳ͵ߣע⵽ֳһλĴڣͬǿ߶ǲҿҴϢ˶оѹ֡
֪ǰմĿҲתˣǰӡҲǰ½֮еĳһ壬ȴѾΪĸӹʱĿͣȷǿԴڡ
һСС߹Ҳô˵޺ǰҲǰô𷴶¶һŭЦɫ
һ仰Ŀ˵ȥȴ˶Ǿˣλ𵽵˭Ȼôڣ˵ǲľͷʵĿƺȫں
һ˶û˵⵽ʲôͷĪ֮еĲϹ
͵λǿߣҲһؿɬ֮ɫ⻹治֪ôˣ⵽ðһְ
ʵ֪ǣһλصȷ֮һЩڣֻǶǰ䣬ȺͰ½һЩ¶ǱȽ
ȷ߱ɱ֮λŭһҲҽǵʥŮʵǲˡ뾡˰취ֶͨδӶ˰½һͬȶ֪
ǰȻִҪҲӣôô󣡡֪ƽⲻˣҲҧ
仰һ˵ҲڶǿߵӣûõģһλǰܹӵȥǷһö֪岻ô۸
ԣҪǷСڣͷƴˡлʱҲЦȷԷƵ˵Ҵע⣬ʲôˣȳһ˵
֪ΪڵôЩ˿ɱȣ
ԼľȻǱˣһ壬ȻҪΥĻǰֱ޷飬Ҳһŭ⣬һϰ壬ĨΣ
һȷΪƵͻƣ֮ĽѾʧˣյǿ߿ԷӳԼʵǰλǻʵ
ȻԼЩмλԲƴù
ѾǲˣΨһսȻ֪Ƿɶ˻³
ë˵ôϻʲôҼʶһν𵽵жǿлһ̲סˣԴͻƵ벽֮ԼʵһģҲȳ֣
ĻҪõò˶Ϊ֮ĿӵΪѹϣ
ҲգǾһսɣ
СҲһЦ֪û·Ҳûκ飬߲ʵâϵɢ֮ռ䶼ǱϢʴ
СεֶΣЩǿ߶΢΢رɫЩ߲âж޵ɫ֮ȴ̺ĺĶأһ񣬿Ҳꡣ
ɭͲӰǼĬȻͬһʱس֣죬̵˸ˣΪ֪Եһλ֮ΪǿĴڡ
һǿ߿һĻиЦѣǰһĻ䲻һȺϾȻǸ˷ս͸¶һ˷ܣƺ⿴µ御龰
ȻһĻȵһλȴ¶ЦǰЩ˷γɳĻ˵պܹ֧壡
Ȼǲ֣ɱЩţȻһЩдͨǿߣ¾ˣҪ˶֪ȵƲ˭ƣ
˵֣λ𼶱ͷûκεɫ仯ֶûжһ£˵ĹѾǰȴǹסˡ
ǵģסˣһжǾֹһ㣬ǿ˷Լʧȥ˿ƣҲһ𼶱Ȼǿô
ϣҹ
һȴߵĿеʱ֮еʮλǿ߽͵ɫһߣһѪ˵嶼͵ȥ
ֵûУ˵Ǹ֪ʲô£Էֶδһ£ԼȾѾˣ
һʮһʧܣ
صڵϣϢֱӵرղһͲҪǵ˵жһ־ɫ޷ƥô
ǷǵñϷ֣ԹңȵЦϣ֮͸¶һĨɱ⡣


2343 һ
еǿ嶼ڲʱ˿λǿߵ֮£һִĿ־ռȫ
Ƭ֮۷ǿߣһͷԾ
½֮ûгֹΪֻ˲ܹΪһ˭Ҳ֪ΪΣҲˣİףȴΪı֮гһð屻Ƹ˵½
֮ɫԷһУ˵ֻǶһָͷѣѾǰԼеǿ߶ˣ
𼶱ǿߣȻǿֲ˹
֮е˶ң⻹ô⣿
ߣһһǶϣɫȻظֳһĨȻ֪޷һټ壬Բ˾Ͷ˴У
ҲǸһĨ֮ɫһĻͻ˵Ԥϵˣֻû뵽ô졣
ڵյ֪Ҫͻ֮˾ѾҪԵǾ嶼пܸȵ֮£
˴ȾȻֱӵɳһλҲʼϲ飬һ;λ¡
ʱȻҲǲȥģҪѪ
Σ׻ǾߣжԶ߶ԶͷҲŭѾͻƴˣźܿͻ壡
һѾ֪һͻƾǷģǿ߲֪һ仰ʱ򣬲ǿߵüͷ
ԭͻƴ۵ķô⴫ȥ̫ˣʮ֮Ҫ飬ûгɹȻȴһû֮гɹˣ
ƱҪĦһǿа̫ˣܹ֮ͻƴۣ˵ܹΪ߲εĴڣҸݰ½ǷƺͷϵǳǴ֮󣬱Ȼ԰һҵı
һǿߣи𺳲ѣû뵽ƾȻǿƵ𣬾ȻͻƵ˴۾
ɴ뵽һ÷ƹ֪ʱ˿һ÷ƹ֪֮е嶼Ҫ֣Ʊػŭпܻб
ڷƵټû֪ȵʥŮٳˣʱȻܹͻƵۣǵõһԵ
Բպĸλ˵Ʊػһһǿҧгݵصһǲȫɵĺ£ѾǺ֮ˣ
ǿһۣҲ㣬ʱֳѾ֤ܹв˰塣
һ𣬿µ֮µĻԻͽһεݣ
˵Ķԣǲ壡ǸҲǱĦһĹͷ֮һĨݵɫ
½֮еֹ֮ϵһĸƵ¶ҪĽ࣬϶ܵɱ
ڰ½֮е˵ܶǰǻԻһʱ御Ǹ׳ƳһĻǲԸٿ
һλȵƳһЩ壬ҡҡͷаһȺ첻֣ƾЩҪ壬»Ѷȵġ
˵һΣȻ˭ҲȲǣ
ɱڵĻĿеûԶ֣һΣϾ¹صԼҵʥŮ²
ڻʸ˫ʧ֮ҲǺŭʸ˫жԼ˼һλǿǰȥӦǲʲô⣬˭֪ȻǺͷʧˣ
һټͷʵʥŮʧˣ⻹ˣȷеҪѻʸ˫ѰһǶûгɹڵûҲֱӵΪʸ˫Ѿˡ
Ʋ壬ҪԸĽڣ޻˵Ψսףѵվ΢ҡΣ˫֮ȴ͸¶һɾȻɫ
ȻһŭˣһͬһҲ˺Υ棬ɫȣ
߰ȷƻΪǱ𣡡̿ŲԶεȼ˽ȵǺͻһۣ˫˫ҵϢֱӵس
ҪסСε뿪Ļᣡ
˵һһɱ죬˫͵һգΧĿռ䶸Ȼ˶оΪ˶Էһ֮У


2344 ǿƹ
λ֮£ԲĿռ侹ȻͬһʱܵӰ죬Сε˶һȻԷѾǶϾҪܵĻᣡ
֪ߵغϣҲ֣ȵ𿴼̺ͻƴسԼҲһЦִһͬһϲƲɵ
ֹƲɵ޷ܣ
䣡
һ죬ӰǵصԶϢǱȻ̺ͻ죡
Ȼ˵һ磬֮ͬǰһĻȴǺݺݵش̼ǿߣλʵ˿˵֮Ϊ˵õĴڣǱڳĲǿ߶ǿ֣࣬ȴɲԷһغ֮У
ǲ࣬Ĳ࣡
˲ûбԷһҲòȥžƣҲǺòȥһʱֱ֮ӵذ
ټ壬Ȼܹٿ⣡
СںںСһۣ˵ͳŭҲҪٴƴ֣ȴǱʱĻ켸վûУ˫۳ֻо
һĸ̫ˣ
ңҲǰ½֮ϴûз飬һĵĹ涨𲻵ýڰ½һȴΥˡ
ȻвƣҲݵù顣
ȵʧȥģͲŰ嶼ǻˣʱǸƻ̵סֻҪܹ֪ʸ˫䣡
һ־֮һλ𼶱Ĵڣû֪Ҫȥλǵ֮󣬿嶼˰ɡ
ҧأȴһֱǷڴ˵صĻ˵ͿͬҲǽһλ뻹ܹŤתƵƲڣƹϵλ칫ҲǸӣֱӵشĿֻͣȴû뵽ҪԵһλ
ʹǿʼɣӽ֮岻Ҫڰ½֮ϣȵλһСε˵ĴڣҲЦҪȰЩϣɱ
Ͼ壬Ժ󲻺ýǰЩǱӻһЩõóֵǿ߶ǸôҲǸŻʱûǿӻҲԳŲ˶þͻǱ𽥵زʳһҲǱˣҲûֱӵΡ
µʱҪ鷳ҲһӹͲΪһȷοұĹϵҲ͡
ϵСεˣֵûУȫͷԼ֮Щ˼ֻֿؿλ𽥵ǡ
Ȼʱ˻ʸϿȴǶȻسһռУһĻڶǿߵע⣬ͻȻֵĿռУĪǿ߽٣
ſռң߰ǣʱҲŭһӲ˵վСεĻᣬǵѣΪռеĳ֣λɵĿռѾʧЧˣôһ˿Գ˵أ
жԶ߶Զպȴƻ˵£ǻ뷨뵽˽գԼǽˣȴû˿η壬һϵõ
СεҲǻعɭͲӰڣһۣҲ͵ҧſռ֮зɱȥҪ룡
ȻȵǸֻᣬ±Ц˫ٶΧĿռ侹Ȼ𽥵ȶһСΣȻȵض֣
Сαȫѹƣûжֻؿ֣ûа㷴

˶¶˱ߵɫѵûаϣô
ʱһռȴǶȻرһµϢȻؽڴ˵أõضΪ֮һ£
ҶŮ֣òͷô
һͬһȻ֮ըõ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ܿ˷Ӧˣ˵Ϥ
ƣǷƣ֮ƻˣ
㣡ˡС˫۶ǳˮһֱϣǹˣ


2345 ˲
ʱ˿̣ʥѧǿ߶ϲ⣬ʧɵķǹˣ֮ǰѾͨ˻ĿУ֪ͻƴ۵ľǷƣôѡѵаʱƣ
ӶǳϲõɫǺܿŭƣߣȵָ㣡
룡ȵһʱҲ֪ν֮ѾǹôԼǿ˳ư׽סȻʳʥŮ䣡
ȣռлתţһ޳Ӱ𽥵ʾȻʧķƣ
Ӱʥѧ֮е˶ȼճϣŴ漣ӣһιǷܹǿת
ȵ˲𰡣Ұ
ˣôһ仰ȴǰڳǿ߶Ǹˣһλ𰡣һ֮еľͷʵ֮һ
ƵȻǿˣ
ʱһЩǿЦѣƼֱѰ˼·ȵǰ½Եģ
һȵ˲Сӹţ㶼һһȣ𷴿ȻⱲӶܣ
˷̣λȵҲŭЦŷЦ
ҾûᡣƶȻ̧ͷ˫֮бһɱ⣬ȾȻǸ֣Լߵ֣Ǵ˷Ƶۣ
ŷƻΧǿҲľǿ־ؿŷƣϢǴۣƾȻͻ˴ۣ
Ҳ˵ղʧ˾Ƿƣ
һǿ߿Ƴ֮˫֮еŭ죬Ǵʱ֪ͻƴۣеͷȴǴ֮ͻƴΣҪ֪ԵĿһλ
ָͷ־嶼޷ⱻɱˣοǺͻȻ֣ҲǿЦһټ廹˭ܹס
ȴǳ˵ԤϣΪֱʱǲŷ֣ڷǸռȴһֱûʧǸҵת
Ȼ滹ˣ
СӣΪа־ܹԸôˣһȣʥŮ䣬Ȼɱֻһͷ飡ȵЦ
ˣ
һΪϢȴǶȻԿռ֮бŷʱƬضܵӰ죬һ޷ĳظǿߵͷϡ
⡭ʲôȻǿ󣿡
ģƾʲôǿ߹Ī𣿡
˲ˣԿռ֮ǿƣǸоԼͬһƬ֮еĹۣʱпܱƷ
ôȥˣȳλ𣬵Ҳ߰
һƮǻشХÿ˵ͷ͵һ׷˫Ŀ͸¶һ־ֵſռѡ⵽˭Ȼȶֱ˵Īǿߣ
Ӵ͵ǿҲ¶ɵɫǲɳǿ߶ΪȵλͻȻֵģûϵõȾȻֱӵؽһλ
ǿߣ˭䣬Ⱥ壬Īǻܹͷ̫˼ˡ
һһģӰشӿռ֮г֣Ϊ׵ĺȻǺƶˣ
λǿǿƣΧǿȵλ𣬶Ϊ֮һ㶣ȻλͻȻֵǿ߾Ȼ𼶱
λ
źڻĳ֣֮Ȼرûλĳֱ֣Ǿˡ
⡭⵽£ʲôʱ洦ɼĴײһˣ
žʱʥѧ˼ž֮Уλ֣𺳵ϢֱڳǿߴһλǿߣǿƿһоˣȴǶλ𣬶ʱŤת˾ơ
ⲢҪģ˵жһʣЩǿߵǴĳֵģλ𣬾ͷʵҲδܹôĵ̡
һʱ֮䣬˵жڲ²⣬ǳȴλ֮⣬ʮӰЩ˵϶쳣µϢȻ𣬵ȻҲмģ󲿷ֶǰ벽ҵˮƽ


2346 ǿѹ
𵭵ƳһڳбѾ²⵽˴ʱƵٵƣӦþΪʸ˫ҪѰҷƣѰҲֻ
ƺԷѡʱôԣպϷƹⲻò˵ҲǶһֱ
ǵ˭ͻȻֵλȵһλɫҲҲе¿ǲ֪ôˡ
ûмǴĻ֮еȺ嶼й˴˵Լ⽵ǿڰ½ѵҪңԼѾô
ûǵص̬֮з¶һ߸ϵĻ̬ȷҲǮ˵ڣڹȥǸ貵棬ĵҲǲҡġ
ȵ£ϻ㾿˭ȵ£ҷȰ㲻Ҫ֣
෴Ǹȵ߲ûΪԷλ¶˵ӵɫ˵ͷ֮һеĵѰܹõ
Է΢еͷԣǵѡ񣬲ǹڵصͷȻһιƴû뵽վǰȺ嶼Ϊ֮ͷ۵
ЩҲ˲˰һҲô˵Ǽҵ̫Ϲû仰˵һ˼һ¡˫ָɫƽ
仰ֱӣûʸǰ˵⻰
һ仰ǰλȵһᣬǺܿ侲Է˵̫ң֮еһλϻʯ֪˲࣬һǸʱڵǿߣ
ĬƶһۣҲûй׷תͷŷƵƣҸӣ߰ɣȱϾоɡ
Ƶ˵ͷȻһղǲԼŮˣˣ϶ûк³һκˣòһӡ
ãȻô˵ˣҲ׷ƳһȫȻ޾⣬ĮȻصȥתȣʸ˫Ѿȥˣ鷳Ļ˲ҴͷҲң
һνٴ˿ڵĿʲôвôȻ˸вȣٴ֮ǰЩԸǿ߿϶ǲмһЦֱǳ˵λ
Ǵʱǰķȴƾվߵλ𣡾㹻Ƚа
ʲôʥŮѾˣȵҲһ죬û뵽Լ˼鷳ʳʥŮ䣬ȴ֮ʥŮͻȥˡ
ȥ֪ҿ֤Ҳ΢΢һЦ˳̫ǸϹʲôʱ
ȵλ߶ʱҲͷ亹仰϶ǲҴģҲʮֺһȺ˵ʲôͷƺҲеϵȴǴû˵ôһȺ˵Ĵڡ
Ȼ¾͸ˡʱ˿̣޲뿪ηȻûֱӶʲôλȷʵʲôеѿˣϾǰԼɻ˵Ҫ塣
ЦؿλȵˣҲһղǵҲǲѣȻܲöԷ߻һδ֪֮
ˣСҾͰˣʣ¿Լɣ⼸ϹͷͲˡƳһڳµĸǿߣҲҡҡͷЦ
ⷬȻҲ˷ƣȵ˲ܶǰЩ˿ԶǼȴǲ֣ʲôЦһָͷԷ޷⡣
ЦЦʾ⣬ҲתߵСεԱߣѾˣҲûǰԼСŮģҲϧصԣˡ
СԭأһĻֱ޷ܣҪ֪ղһ̣ԼһλУҪĹͷϻǲ־λˣǺεȵͣ
ͺáСȻǲǰޱӣһ˫ҲǺеʣ˷ƵĻӽһ棬ʱڵȴŷƵĻ
ˣȻȥǱߣʥѧŮʯĽˣҪһЩ顣ƸСεԴҲɭȻص̺֮޾ɱ⡣
ŮʯĽ磿СȻеԺһǿеʱŻῪղǵʵǶԷ̫ǿˣ¾ǿ˽ҲôڻԼ档


2347 
ĿСε뿪ƵɨӶԼǼӺ˫ۣҲǺʹ֪Լһʧǰ꣬ǿ⼸ŮӣҺԼѾǻˡ
󣬷Ƹǿ˻̴ʱϵƾȻУ˫֮еǶ֣ȻϵλȵɣǰһȺǿҲΡ
û˵ʲôֻĬĬߵλԣ֮иֳһɼΪɫ飬ԴǴͷԼûӰȴܹоõڡ
ɫ̺Űֱӵؽ˻̵֮Уһ˾ȵǷˣǿµƣȻһּΪµٶȬ
ƣ᲻ıԴȻ㵣ҲǵΪԼˣ÷ƵıԴܵʧ
ǰˣΪǵƶ˷ѱԴҲһԵڵ˴һ֮֮ڷ仯ڵתΪһΪԴҲͨһ˵ġ
һλ˵ԴΪҪִ֮ǿҪǿԴĴС
İɣЩķѵҵıԴҲЦҡҡͷ
ΪҲǷ̺֮İƺҲǿΪԼã̶ֳȵģһ֮Ҳò˶þܹȬ
ʱǿӣǲ˲ȵѾˣȵʥŮѾǹôҲ˵һȿ϶ǲٳˡ
Ǿͱˣֲܣ˻ڶĵ棬ǻǰЩǿ˭
ղһ˵Ƶǿƹ˶𺳣ǷǼλĳ֣Ҳ㹻塣
Ǵʱд󲿷Ѿˣô𶼻ûߣߵĻ˭ҲܲŭһǿߣɫüΪңת֮죬ûӦŪýûа𣬷ǰԼһҲ˽ȥ
žʥѧŸղŲһ£ʥѧÿ˵Ӷһ˷ܵɫ֪֮ƹˣôղŵĵȻҲٿǡ
岻Ϊƣ
Ϊ֮󣬷ƳһЩԸǿߣɭȻһЦھǺúõһ˰ɡ
ô˵һҲǹһЦ෴ЩԸǿߣɫһ䣬Ȼʮֵ仰ʲô˼
λʥѧ͵µʲô뿪ɡվתʮǿߵЦ
ƣʲô˼ĪҪΪУĦһͷǿȻҲһţ£кüλǵ񰡡
ΪɵĵطȻǷƹֱӵ뿪Ǽ嶯ˡ
ΪУһĨ΢ЦʮǿߣҡҡͷҵΪУǸΪô
£Щ˵ɫǱüΪÿ˵˫͸¶ŭ𣬷仰̫ˣȻ˵岻ΪУһѣ
ЩǿȻŭǿԼΪΪĿǰ˵ǰ㣬⼸λĴڣܹ֮俹ĻûС
ǰȻûп֣ܶ𣬵־Ѿòĺˡ
ô˵ĲôҾͰѻˣҪ嶯֣Ƶ̬쳣ǿƣЩ˲ء
ȻҲΪǿƵ̬ȣõñЩ嶼ʮֵؼǶһǿߣˣܹٴǿ԰Ҳܹ˿壡
ááѷƵ֮Ȼȷģص
˸иŲѣɭͲӰˣķѾĴۣȴֻǰ벽ۣ֮ĲѾˣܹƲۣΪ۵ķƣȫǿ֣
˵úãǣղǸͷӻռ̽ıˣС󿴼ǿƣҲǿĲˣͲûйˡ
ôƶʱ˫۱һɱ⣬ϯʣ۵Ƴ׵õ˶Ϊ֮ɫ


2348 ѡ
ֻͨǲʱһ㣬־֮⣬һЩԸǿҲʱǱɫ
֮еҲǴۣ󲿷ͬؾ׶Σ˵սĴۣǾԲܻ̺ǿƵܣȴܹӵУ⵽ô£
ƣĪΪҪڰͷϣǽҪ뿪Ī㻹ҪǣĦһĹͷǿѹסеľ㵣ɭɭص
֮Ըô˵ΪղǼλƺǲԸЩ飬ҲǾĵλûбҪ÷Լ
ǿҲǴ۾磬ѵƾҪǿڳǿߣǳ˵λ
յܹڰ۷壬յͬҲԣɨЩǿߣ
ȷĵ̣½磬Ҳûжٸܹ岢磬ȻǰҪ塣
ĦһڵǿɫǱˣɵɨӶǼΪƵҲǵ̾һ½˭ܹ俹⣿
ǲģҲòʵⲢǰҪǵ飬ǵôܹĿǰ
ߣǷôȻܵģǿԲܷƵ뷨ǱҪ뵽ǼλͷǾ鷳ˡ
ǲ鷳Լ֪֮ڵӵôһ֮󣬻᲻֣ϾԴû֮󣬿кܶҪյİְ
㾿ôĦһĹͷǿҧʵǰƱˣòͷ
նһۣ˿뿪ĮȻصɨӹЩǿ߲ûдôԸǣϾŸ壬óȻض֣ЩԿ塣
㡭ĪҪ̫ƾȻǵֻҪԼԶһۣĦһĹͷǿȻӷŭⲻǰҪô
ûˡƳһۣȻṆ̀ⲻѰ·ôȻ޷֣ҪԷһֱΪͽЧǿԵġ
Ҫ󲢲֣ǿ˵һֱۣǶϵˣҲƾڹͷ˵ɾͲˬˣΪʲôô˾͵
ô˵ǰԶһۣǴȥĻС£»Ħһ嶼ܳ衣
ҪôҪôϱۡûиѡɨӶһ˵ϣϵЦԣָҲ
ָ֮˺Ȼһǿߣ
ʱǿɫͱò԰ףȻѾǱϳһǿߣѾһ˲ݵ𣬸޷⿪
ѵʱһҪ侮ʯǿʱ򣬵һҪĶȻҲһ壡
㡭ǱƵǿò֪˵ʲôģʲôЦһˣһ͵ǸˣڵһʣµǿѾˣֵסĹƣ
ǰһϮһûˣڵˣԼ˭ҲȲ㣡ƵޱȵĮȻǶС
֮ǰķƣպǽн֮ʽȴܵһĲ߻ϮԼ˵ҪЮϻʸ˫ҲΪǵԭ
Ѫ𣬲ôԣ
ƣ뿪İ棬ҲǶһ˷Ȼһǿֻ߲̫࣬Ҫʳһ˶Ժܹ׵ضϾǵĸ𣡡
ⷬ˼ֱӣҪһնݳһضһҪ
˶ǳĬȻԸ壬Ҳһ֮ĶȻҲ֪Ѿ˲ݵĵز
ڷû˷ԣе¶ҵɫǵûв뵽ֶ棬Ȼ½һ͵Ӧǵϡ
룡ƣĪҪΪͻ˴ۣܹ޼ɵģһǿǰ಻סˣζԴУ
Ǽλ˵˲֣ô޷ɱƣҲҪ취ȻĻ˵Լͬһ嶼ǻḲڷƵУ
͵ضˣƲ赲ȻȶԷƳˣ


2349 ͵ķ
˺쿴ԷͻȻس֣Ҳ΢΢һȻʱķѾǴ۾磬һźܴĲܹ࣬÷Ƴ⡣
̵ȶֱӵس˷ƵߣʩչƵһǿҲضԴϾҲһλǿߣ˿Ĵ⡣
෴ȴһɫ֮Լ¶һĨսɫѾͻƵ˴۾Ҫ֪ؽѾʧҪ˽⣬Щж͡
Ͳ˵ˣܹӳȫΪͲǷƿԿģҲֻҪ̽һǿߣжܡ
԰ɡ
¶˲õЦݣڵƶȻ˲٣˵֮жȼս⣬սһͻƵģѾɾ˴۵ľ磬ȻҲǸӵá
ÿһλۣһ²ͬĵҪͻƳɾʹۣҪ߳һǰ˲ͬĵΨܹɹ
սһλջûгɹȴǳɹˡ
ڷƵ仰˵֮ʣ̶ɫһ䣬˼Ҫǿ߶ԿôܣǿҲһۣһǸոսôܹһƴ
İɣûаյҲġƵȻһЦҲǲ²⵽еǣҲǸͶȥһĵһգ۵Ĺ򣬷ƵѾǱ
ĿôеؿŷƣҪôǶʵŹţҪôɵӣܹͻƵ۾Ļһɵô
ȿŰɣǷƲУ̳֣֮һϣԲʲôʧǲϧƴҲҧгݵصȻҲ֪ô£ƼȻѡȻĵҲ˵ʲôֻǺ̼¡
СӲ°ɣԵеĿһλƶЦеصڷԽԽ͸ˣŴ۾Ϊȥսǿߣɲһܹ顣
Сܹ漣βһΡҲЦЦ⼸ڣƲУԷҪɱ֣Ҳûлġ
Ѿʧһ꣬ôôˣлĿɿڴؿŷƵıӰµصƷƼֱǴ
ɭͲӰһۣҲҡͷЦƳԽʵ̫ˣеľ޷׷ϡ
Ǹһǿ߿ƾȻ֣ܳҲЦƼֱ̫ˣİԼ޵ôһոսĴۣкʸһλǰţ
¾ŪҲҪһ뿪̻صУ˶ٴתơת۵ĹǿѾ˲ٵͷҲ˺·
ĿпܷƲ׾ٵ£ҪҪνͻΧ
ڣѹûзϣһոսĴۣǿܹǿȥѰͻΧ·ߵʱȴûпƵ֮ȴȻظһĨɫʰ쵵â
һĨâ֮ʣ֮һ㣬һ޷˵ڵѹͷ֮ϣЩԸǿߣǲؿǵķƣȻܹŷôǿƣ
һǿһĨɫ쵵֮ʣжȻһȻһΣյףȻ֪ƿصʲôȻҲһ־ֵĸо
Բܵ£һǴһǿҲжԼ㰲οȻţΪһۣȻӵпвǿߵ
䣡
һ죬֮һףõʥѧ˶ǶĤۣȻŮʯӳ֣Ǵ͸
ʥѧŮʯĽӳ֮£˶ǽ棬죬ҲӰ쵽ǣȴܹһС
֮иɫţޱȣһӰֱӵ˵ϣȻһӰǷƣ
ʱ˿̵ķ΢ǱǶѪɫ΢԰ף֮Ψһľǵȵս⣬ڸղһ֣̽Ѿǲǿ֮Ĳࡣ
ȷһսѰ˵ǲɵ£Ƿȴ֪һǴ֮Ȼ޷նɱҲɱ


2350 𺳰
Ƶĵ֮еǿ߶¶˲ɫƿǵľ֧Ƴʲô⣬Ǻã
סƣöԷһĻҲǰ̾ϢһȻˣϾۺĴڣ޷ԽսߵĲ̫ˡ
̵˵ͷ˵תƵߣȴǷַƴʱȻһЩƣûж£Ҳһ
û¾ͺã˵ȻǸȻںĶƴ֮±ȫҲѵˡҲǰԳ̾
ٺ٣ӲҪʰңǿɲôףǸһҲҺòȥƺٺһЦ֪Լǿ߲࣬Ҳ˷࣬ԺǿҲԱ֮
ԣ¶һĨɻɫ׷仰ʲô˼֮ܿ󣬱ǴһҽԴڰ֮У
һҽ˲ǿߵעӣŰ֮еһĨŸɫâ𽥵ɢȴǷһΪǱӰȻһǿߡ
ô£Ȼܹ˺ǿߣ
˼飬Ǵ۾ôôܹӵ
һʱ֮䣬ЩԸǿҲǷ׷ױɫһǿϣһʱ˿̵һǿ߻ǽڣһЩѪ۵ĳ֣ȻܵһЩϮ
һûõĴۣȴܹһλ˺⵽ʲô£
졭Ǵ
һǿ߾ֵؿŷƣɫȴǳһ־֣ղڷƵϾȻǳǴּ˿µһʱ֮ûзֻӲĳǴ֮
ȻûܹҪҲľǴΪµļ֮һ췣֮棬˴۾ǿߣȻҲ췣ȴûǰǰɵϾ־磬ҪԵȴǴ
ղһ˲䣬ڷȻǴ֮𾪣
һǿߵĻʱЩǿߵĿֻţȻǴѹָղڷǵȻǻ˼ɵԭǴ֮
ôܣǴĿ³̶ȣ˵ЩЩ۷ҲǶǴо֣Ϊܹɱ
˶˳Ĭ֮УƿǴֱ֮Ǳȳ˼λһĴ۾ȻҲ̫ˡ
Ƕ½ǿ˵һĴڣûЩҲû˭Ҵע⣬ΪƵĴڡ
ٺ٣ϲģ˵ˣһҪɭȻһЦ֮ĳѾ޷ĵزҲû˸ҳʲôġ
һǿ֮оþòܻع˵̫ˣµعҲףʱǲӲΨѰһ֤
߿ʼɨӶҪѰһѣܿӰһ٣ǻһâѸٵس˳ȥ©һ㣬һֱԱ߿ء
ߣûôס
ҲǹЦͷƲһʵǿߣȻҲܹ׷һǿߣǿ߶һĻû˴֡
һǿļˣĳҪ뿪ĴգҲֻǱؾסҪɱһǿҲڼ̵ʱϾ˵Ĳಢ
ȥæԸСĵ㡣̾ȥҲǶԷƵٴαŻһֶԸһǿߡ
Ϊ̵ļ룬˲ת䣬λԸһλԣûСʱѾǰΪһĳޣֱӵɱ֣һǿ߳׵䣡
ǿ֮ǰҲѻֶΣ֪һĲ֮أ׼ڰǰЩ鴦֮󣬾׼֣׵سЩ
ؿһԼǰ䣬ǿҲǳĬûһվ˵ƱֵԽԽǿƣ
ʱȴǻվɨӹˣصλ֪ǺܶûκζԹζԸҲǱ˼ƵóѶѣҲλʲô飬Էġ
÷ⷬ˶ʱһһƲ£һҲ£ǲòǼλǲΪµĴڣ


2351 Ҫ
ǡƵȴǶȻһ䣬Ħһͷǿϣ˶ʱ;ãֵùˡ
ʵϣʱ˿ͷǿҲǾ֣ӶǳһĨϸƵֶ̫ˣȻһǿ߲ϣȴ֪ӵǴ֮Ѿ־֮ˡ
Զһʣͬһ³ƵɫĮȻû˿תأ˫ֱĦһͷǿߡ
ҪѾǿˣ⻹㹻һЩ֪ûǼλͬҲǲӡ
ĦһǿɫüΪѿǰ֪ôȡᣬԶһۣͷˣĦһ壬ڰ½֮ҲŵŵĴ壬ȴһͷ⴫ȥҲ̧ͷˡ
ǲԶһ۵ĻôȻղһǿ߾Լ³ŴʱΪȻԣԸǿǾԲְæǰˡ
ʱ򣬹ͷҲǰûڲѣԼôϷһ̣ȴû뵽ֻ£ûкҩ븶ۡ
кһ֮󣬹ͷҲҧԶһȻ棬ܱ˺ãû˻ˣǾʲôûˡ
ãҵù
ͷҲҧĵֵ˸һķâȻֱӵغĶԼֱۿȥ
꣡
ɺѪһֱֱӵڹͷϱնɫǱüΪ԰ףæֹסƣȻǿߣԶһۣҲһʱղܹ
ƿһĻһĻЦݣ֪֮½𶯣˿壬¾һЩ岻۵ĻӭǵĽ壡
ҿ뿪ĦһĹͷӲѾԶһۣܹ֪·Ƶ˻᲻ᷴڣҪȻǿɾͱˡ
Ȼԣϣλ´ʱ򣬲˴˶֡ЦеصĿѾǴﵽˣҲûбҪٺЩǿ߼Ҫ֪ÿһǿ߶Ǵһ塣
¡
ڶǿƿǵȥʱȴһֹˣȥȴǷֺʱ߳ǿߡ
ʱ֮£ձе죬𿪿£Щǿٴһλǿû˿ķ
ƵӶ΢΢¶㵵ɫ֪ҪʲôĪд㣿
ǰкָ̡
ʱһǿҲվ˳µ񣬼Ǿһλ𣬵ҲܲԴ˸еɻ
ģûжǶֵͷɨһۣǲ²⵽룬Ҳ΢΢һЦοҪǶǶ֣ǻлվں˵ô
ԣһȺǿ߱ð亹˵ûҪǶ֣ͲõȵڣҲǱʾǶ֣Ҳһ
ǲ֪ǰкηԸȻ֪ǣȺǿɫҲ𽥵رȻ
ҵҪܼ򵥣֮󣬰½ÿһ壬ɳһʹǰʥѧʱǵһЩ顣һ£ԼҪ
˵Ҫ֮ٶǱóĬǿ߽Ǹһۣ֪ΪҪҪ
ƶǲףתһҲȻôȻĴ㣬˽֮ϸʱǿԡ
ǰҪеѣϾֻǴ⼸壬ûаնԷղ˵ǿҲǿЦ
ȷ½ޱȣʵж˭ҲֻѡΪͻǰһ壬Ψһٸ壬ǰ½ĸһЩС͵ûڡ
һ赣ģֻҪҵĻݳȥɣڣǰʮûеĻһһһŰݷáЦŵ֮ȴ̺һ˿⡣
ڳǿ߶һ£ӣҲǲ²ǰʮ壬Щ˾ͼǴ֮һĻ᲻³Ǻ˵һ¡
֣һλŰݷã⡭еصǼ޷ܵĵزӣǲӦɳʹǰǺĻС


2352 ̸
ⷬúܶ˲⣬ѾǷˣЩԸǿߣҲܹհ죬ֻǰϢݳȥһЩǾͲǵ飬Ҫ֪֮ǰéҲǺǿ
ǻ᲻Ǿ͵ÿʱˡ
˵֮Ҳǻ˻֣Щ뿪¾ʹգһι󣬺ٻв۵һ壬ѾǽȣŷƵĹһжǸı䡣
ĿһȺǿ뿪֮ʥѧ嶼ǷǴʱѾȫؽһĻڣһ֮ǿߣҪ֪ԵĿһȺԼǴ۾
ܿ죬ʥѧŮ洽رգʱƱǸֿܵȵգÿһ϶ԺɫΪһĻҲ֪Ӵ֮彫ٶȵ۷壡
һУΪƣ
ЦݣЩϤɨӶԼӣԼŮԼˣԼֵܣԼ뿪棬ÿ˶Ųͬĳ̶ͻơ
˵һˣӦûӭôƹСԼļԱߣΪԲľЩˣԼٵʱǰе̫ˡ
Լ仰˵ģȻĮȻȴǲڷƵϡ
ͺáһЦɫǿģڷƣһֱǺϢʵϷҲδʧ
϶ǹһŮӣɵɫڷɨӶ֮˱һһϮɫȹŮӣһ㡣
΢΢һЦȴû˵ʲô˵ٶҲûãֻҪܹǾ㹻ˣ⼸˵Ʋڵʱ棬ÿ˶Ƿǳࡣ
ңѾǹҲĵ
ȥˣôôûлСδʱҲһһ߹͹ĹĵضŷƣҪʦһ㡣
ϧؿһСΣ΢΢һЦ֮䣬ǸСŮѾǳˣȴͬǰǰ㣬СεԴѾͷҲп԰
ᣬͷС΢΢ƫͷȴɶϣһ˫۾գգʵǸҲǰô
̣СγԼ֮⣬ڷƵŮˣҲͳһذƣ̣ͬҲûʲô⡣
΢εһ˻֣ɶƮƮƶ˹ɶʱɫҲе㲻ȻϾҪԵǷƵŮԼŮ
ԣֿĵĸо̬ҲǺȻ
ɶ£Ρ΢΢һЦ֪⼸ŮҲ֪Ƶӣ¼Щ⣬Ҳû취ֻһٺúýѵƣټŮ˻ؼҡ
⼸ȴȫû뵽Ƶ»СϲҪǡ
סǣܿ죬ϳŮӣΪصǿߣǸǿƾͺ๫Ůӡ
ɶɫ΢죬ҲǶŮ˵ͷҲǻ÷ХƹʱķХȻͷûжٻѾôܷƣϾҲ֪Լĸϼ縺ŶٵΡ
ƣ˭ʱХ߹ɫҲǲɵøһĨŹֵɫΪХƵòȻŷżơ
ҸýܵôСκܴϻۣһӾ뵽ʵȴû̫࣬ЦеؿŷХơ
Х΢΢һ£ҲǳĬ˵ǰЩҲûжĹϵ
ȿȣǸǸХҶӡҲ΢εص
ȼŮӿЦãһηƾȥʲôطһ˴ôǿߣǰѵŮӶǴʱ˵һӡ
⼸ŮӴʱЦã˷ӦȴǲһˣǷƵЩʱüЦտڷƾȻǴһӻô˵Ҳкˡ
쵰ĺɶõôҲ̾ص
ǡӺԡ
Ůһǵô˵ǰƴʱҪһٷˣüһԼʧȥһһһӣڻǲֹһŮˣ
˭ģЦԼ˵Ҳ̫˵ɡ
ɨһˣҲȻشʸ˫ġ
ʱŮʯģʸ˫ȵʥŮ


2353 Ĵ
ҲҪܣԷƽǰ¸ŮҲ⼸Ů޿κεɫ̫ˣԺ벻ȥ
๫Ǻú¡Ц˫һСһ
ҲǾãƺҪúˡŮҲôЦŵֻǷƲ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ⣬ЦݵļŮһֲԤС
ȿȣ˵ҲԼ֪⼸ŮҪԼһ˵ˣ˵ôôԼҲϲġ
ΣȴХȥһˣһºһ¡ƿһΧҲǻһСεԴ
ðɡСε˵ͷҲǿķХƣЦŵԣԺǵýн㡣
ǷХһĮɫΪʱľԸᣬһֱȥôҲûиı䣬һƿҲҡҡͷ
ǺǸǸطճͱ˽ٳˣ޷ôġҲǴŮϣǲҪԷХʲôƫϾ⺢Ҳ̫Ŀࡣ
º͵ӿХĮӣҲΪ˵Ůˣ÷ƵĴҲǻȻҲȻˡ
ϰʵʵȻŹ㣡Ҳ̾ҲǴŷХȥһ·ҵˣϾô˵ҲǷƵĶӡ
ĿŮ뿪ıӰҡҡͷЦȻǼҼбľϿԼ͵ͷˡ
Сӣ޸ǲǳ
ʱҲ˹Цŵ˲ꡣ
ˣҲˡƿЦɫҲǱʵ¸ղЩҪΪǰ֮ɳʹǰʥѧ
ʵҲǸղƶһ¡΢΢һЦҲܹ²õڲõĽȻִңǻյһƽ٣Ҫ׼
һ㶣Ȼ׺˵ĺƽ٣ֵһʱڣѰ˼һ£˵ҲûΪѾͻƵ˴۾϶ע⵽
ʮǰ޷ǿ֣߳Žкƽ٣Ѿʧ»вѹֵ̫õǿ߽бǻһسֺüλ½˵
пڱƶĳЩ飬ӶݻΪĺƽ٣ͬҲ뵽һ㣬ҲҪǰ׼ʮı֡
˼Ҫϣ͵һҲ뵽˺Ҫ飬Ҳǳ˲죬ⲻò˵̫ˣһҪĻǾҪ½
һɾٶȷص۷壬ֻĸԸؽְţԼе㻳ɣҪ֪֮һЩǿҲŲٵĵ̡
ȻûȿµĴڣЩǿ˿ȱ
ûа취ʱһƽٴν٣ƾİ½޷⣬磬ߣȺ˰ԼҲܹӦһҡҡͷ
¡²ð졣Ƶ˵ͷҲ֪룬˵ȥףȥͱȽˣպ˵֮ǰʮҪųһ
Ҫ֪ղųֵЩ壬ҲֻһǰʮһЩûнǰʮõһЩܿǰ嵽жôǿ
ӦҵȾһˡ𲻿÷ҡͷһЦھԵǰû˿ԿܣǱҪе¡
Ƴһ£Ҳغһ֪̫ҪˣǰλðڷڰĶϣпܻ岻
Ѱ˼һ£ҲҧãҷԸȥŽ֮ЩǰʮҲܵһЩϢھ͵ȰºļҲǰġ
¶ҲкôһɵĻɾվڰ½۷ϡ𿴼һЦҲЦŵ
۷ɲ½Щж鷳ֲǲ֪ҲеƵġƺٺһЦ⼸λϡ
ĵƣĵƣ⼸λõڡ
⼸ˣ˵ǰ½ȾͷʵҲĲ塣


2354 ȵķӦ
ңڽЩ֮ҺƶҲҪ뿪һʱ䡣һҲǵ
Ҫȥȣ΢΢ƫͷʵ
ûûв´ĻʱϢѾǴص֮УЩϲĶᱻԾһˣǻ嶯֣ҲҪһЩˣ˶ǰĶԹȻƽȴ÷вһЩ⣬Ȼ֮ŹȥĶԹδ˽ᡣ
ʱ鷳ˡҲǵ˵ͷϢȻ֪п嶼֪
ʵϣʱȿνǱһѾʧ˽ӽʥŮʸ˫ͻȻعҲΪ֮ˣΪʸ˫ȵϣпܻʶľ硣
ţʸ˫ȴǴһȸ߲㶼Ϊ֮飬Ǿλ
ƶ𣬻ɶʸ˫ȴһ㣬ΪҲǷƵҪģҲΪʲôڹʱɶûб¶Ϣ
ƣΪѰ˲֪ĲܹƺΪơ
Ϊȵĸ߲Ҳ𾪣ܿ죬ȵһλ߹֮һȥȵĸ߲㣬ȷһϢ±ȶǷ
һλ˽ȥ½ҪܵһЩͷģ֪ʱ֮Ҳûйȵĸ߲㶼ټһλ顣
һΣʸ˫Ǳټˡ
ʱ˿̣ʸ˫ؼʶͷ̣
ȵĽ֮ڣһյĿռ䣬һƬʣǻʸ˫ȴľѣΪܵµϢڣȹҲһվԱߡ
ڽ֮ʣҲǱ֪ط˵һҪСģеĵطΪЩȫȵĵ̣Ϊһͷʵ̣Ѱ˸ûа취ĵ̡
ý޷ԵİϢǲʮʵĿռ֮ڣǿĬĬעԼָоûʸ˫ܲ
ǵʥŮô
һƮ˸޷׽ķȻһܡ
ǵģʧȥһ磬崫ЩƺҲǴһġȵĹش
ãѾܹ²⵽ЩҪ֤ʵһһƮ죬ʸ˫һ𣬴ʱ˿оԼһжԷ
˵ĹȻǲ١ʸ˫кǾȣڻ֮ǰƺͺ˾Ѿͨˣ˷ƺĹϵ֮⣬鶼ԸȣϾʧ꣬Щ޷ģҺҲûд
һ½ĵطν𣬾ǵȵĺƶߣһЩǿߣǶǰƹʸ˫ͷû˵ѣҲҡ
ʿռ֮ڣʱһĬ֮Уþù󣬸ղһǴһ̾ϢȻϣǺɵˡ
ߣһӶѣôһȻ֮е㲻Ȼ
ʸ˫иǾ㵣𵱳Ҳ˵֮ڣһЩϼһϾǰȵһЩǿ߶Ǵߡ
ɵֲǲ֪ԤԲСӣˣȴûйȣضԵǵҲĻԹ
һϵҲε
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫ԽԽľ֮УŶٵ̣ǴȥĻƱػ硣
ӣйһѣղһҲЦŵ
ʱ򣬻ʸ˫Ҳˣںˣ̬֮ȣҲǺ𵱳Ըֱӻ½ԭ֮һ
ˣ˵ˣԺɵӣܿǵġʱ˵һҲ̾Ϣһ֮˵ǳĬ
ȻʥŮͰӰɣѵڸɡһҲ˵ȴǶȵĹ
ʸ˫һ˫֮¶ŵɫԼ֮һֱҪѰҵĵʱ˿̣ȴû뵽Ȼ͵õĵ
˵ͿƷХƵ壬ȻҲ֮Ļ
лλϣȵĹɫеѿʸ˫Ȼסˡ


2355 ı仯
ʸ˫ʱν֮гſϲԼһֱҪĵȴ׾͵õˣͬʱҲǲ֪ԼǰȵʥŮΨеʱ򣬲ȴˣ
һȺյǿߣȵĵ̣Ψеõǵ׿ϣĴˣ
˫лλ̫ϳϡ
ʸ˫ҲǷӦҲֱӵعһƬʿռлΣõôХƿɾоˣ
ȥɣ½Ǳ߻ʲôǵõһʱ㱨һƮΧĿռǱŤʸ˫ȵķ֣Լ徹ȻֱӵرһǿͿ
һתĹ򣬻ʸ˫ǷԼѾٶȻصȵĽ֮⣬ЩֶܵξȻͨ죬ǿеؽӲشͳ
֮£֪ɣ𴫳ȥȵĹҲһɫЩȵĵڣҲΪʲôܹͷ֮һԭȥĻ»Ĳʱش½֮ҲһЩǿ߸գԼسֳһ
ʸ˫ĬĬص˵ͷȵĹҲǽһǹĵĿھڵķȫһ
ȵķķԴش֮Ψʸмǣ⴫ҲŻʸ˫Ҫܡ
ʸ˫ΪʥŮԭ壬ûκĻܹΪĴڣȻЩ̫ϳϵ׿ϣҲֱӰѵ˻ʸ˫
ʸ˫˵ͷ˫еܹϵӷХƵ
ڵ޲Ͻٰ½ȻѵХƣѹסеĳ嶯ΪҪٵ½Ҫڽ⣬ŴǿЩǿ߶ͷʵΪľԤ֮Ҫ͵͵ٵ½֮ϡ
ȵ֮ǰһλܹ֮ٵ½ҲˣȵЩ̫ϳ϶֪һΪҪ͵͵ٵ½Ȼûֵܹġ
ԣʸ˫Ҫٵ½Ҫõһʵʱ򣬻˵õȵ׿ϣſԡ
ʸ˫Ҳǿʼ⣬ҲǺܵǣΪڻ֮ǰҲ뵽棬δһʱ䣬ƻڰ½ڳ㹻Ķͷò
ͬʱ綼Ϊһˣȴͷ֮⣬統Ҳвٵʵзְ½һЩ壬ȻҲжš
ΪĪھ壬ͬһĻҲǷ֮ڵĽأһ˲֪õľͷҲǷ׷¶˸Եĵ̣עʱ˿ڰ½ֵǼλ
ȻҲܹ²⵽Ǻ˹ˣȴλĴڣоΪȣҲһЩܵشˡ
ڻǻôҵȴꡣ
һͤһƮƮŮϢ֮¶һЦΪˣǷڴˣƻǱһΪŮӵòԼʶһʵ̫ˡ
ǿʼôϾһ½λвܶˣֻΪͷһֱֳĬ̬ȣúܶ޷͸
ţڰ½һϢҲǴ統С
ǾֵǼλҪ֮ǰʮ壬ڰ֮󣬱Ҫɳһ壬£ߣȽŰݷã
Ϣֵʱ򣬶ʱúܶ弦ɹǺǰ仰һλŰݷãЦǣҲúܶһǰʮ壬ˡ
Ҳð½Щ嶼֪ҲǸ׸壬λټ֮ķƣѾ𽥵¶ɵķâ»ָİλ˸ӡ
ȻҲǲȥ뵽ʲô˵ֻҪǲٶע⣬Ѿ㹻ˣҲĸڵ壬ĸͷܹסһС
ʱҲһϣֱŮһȥʲôطǻʸ˫ͷХƵ飬ŮǾ÷̫ˣȥһ˰ȵʥŮ˲ֹǴһӡ


2356 ܰĴͬ
ߣ磬ŮЦеؿǰķƣ׼úõһ·һȻõлǲǻˡ
ɶҲڣֻȴһĨ糺֮ɫڼŮΪҲǲֹԱ߿ţֻȴǲ岻죬˭ԼҲǷлǲݻһ
ŮʣҲͷ亹ҲǶԼտʼ֮ҲһһʮظǣȴҩϺˮ¶׵һ顣
ǱƵԱĵزȴû뵽ռ֮ȴ˺һҺͻʸ˫ǽν½ƿЦҡͷ·һжעһ㡣
󣬰½飬Ǻͻʸ˫ϵһθûκֻص˵ԼǴʶ״̬£ǿ˻ʸ˫º˷Хơ
ҵ๫ʸ˫ΪʥŮȻͱˣһӣǴȥ֮жſʧЦеؿŷƣ֮һЩƵ˼
Ҿ㲻ȸŪҲøЩſҲǺٺһЦеС⣬ЦȵʥŮ֮еλ˵ŮⱻԼˡ
СɪǰɰűӣߺߵصҲ޿κΣ˭Լô㡣
ǸХô£ʵȻΪߣȴܹоõХƺһּΪаҺǿǿĺܲ
˵е㳤ˣǺҲҶԲȻҲôѡ˷ХƣҲ̾Ϣһһһʮذ˵
Ů֮һǱɫиһϧɫХƵȷǺܿ࣬ӳһ̿ʼѾǱٳߣǻһı֮УҲħӶѣͷȴҪԼһֱĳףԼʦҪᡣ
½ΪȻҲЩ΢յصһֱеĲԸⴥʹȻڷХƿʼ𽥵ؽÿ𵱳飬ҲǷǳھΡ
Ů¶̬ɫҲһȻҲֹͣ׷ʣοǱûдҪʲŵֻ֪Щ鵽ô¡
ô˵ХǺҲȷࡣ̾һ֪ԷХҲǸĹƺǱˡ
ߺߣˣξͲ׷㣬´Ρ´ξͷ㣡صݺݵصһ۷ƣҪһһ֪´λ᲻Ůˡ
ȿȣᡭ´εġҲͷ亹Լҵ⼸ŮˣҲ֪ԼԲǣѵܹ˴ɶͷХƣǻʸ˫кǸиš
ˣһʸ˫ôûбջһ£Ҳɻص˵ʸ˫ӦǸŷһŶԣôԼˣ
Ŀǰܹظһ𣬶Ϊ˷ХڵƣҲһȣЩҲͶ˵ȴ˸һЩˣҲû˭֪̾˿Ͼһȥط籩ˡ
ɣҿһ·Хڵܲܳѹһڵüͷô˵ХҲˣҲǷƵӡ
ƲɵüûרעһǸ˼ҽ֮ϣ˵а취ܹѹƣڲ֪ʸ˫ҪȡõҪãХڵƿ̲ݻ
ҲУڵΪ⣬Ӧÿ΢ѹһ¡ҲûжİգҲܴκһᣬһʱһ㡣
ˣ鶼ѾˣԹˡҲǺߺߵصȻеûЦŮҲһЦ
ȥģ΢΢㵣⡭ⲻԼķô
ȥģκһߺߣɶҲһ˯쵰óѡɫ΢΢һ죬Ҳǲʾص
ɶҲһ죬ƺ뵽ʲô˵飬ͷ̧ʱﻹʲôǿߵķ緶
ԣ¾Цٺ٣ѵǾͲô
޳ܡһۡ
ǲ㡣߰˷һۡ
һۣҲǲϵЦ⼸ŮҪԼҲǺٺһЦԹԣñүһǰɡ
֮󣬷˾ȥһʱ֮䷿֮ڴ벻ϡ


2357 ķӦ
һŮǳ׵طһΣ˼˵Сʤ»飬ƺ⼸Ů꣬һҹǿȥҲڷ֮³׵Լ
ڶ峿ͱѾˣ˯֮еļŮҲЦЦһ߳
Ȼȴǿ˻켱Ҵҵʥѧ֮ȥƺʲôһҲǽüͷĪǷʲô飿
Ҳס˻죬׷ʲô飿
쿴Ƴ֣ҲǷ˷ۣЦһֵǧɣ
΢εԣҲǺٺһЦʵôˣɫҴҵģĪǷʲôô
ĺ£ƵһۣЦ㵹ãһҹ˯ģʥѧ˿ĵһҹء
ţΪʲôҲ¶ɻɫⲻѰλ½˭ôҪʥѧ鷳
˵鷳ΪϢȥˣν½һЩ׷ɳ̽鿴һ£ûʥѧ漸̽ӡҲüյص
һԼľٶҲ̫˵㣬ð֮кܶ嶼ֱӵɳ̽ʥѧһ
أƲɵ׷ʵ
ڹ㳡أ󲿷ֵ̽ӶûдҪʥѧһЩĲۣӲشȫˣڶ˹㳡ҾһЩһﶼôЦ¿ɲܴ⣬ΪЩ̽Ӷ԰֮еĸ壬ɱҲǣɱҲǡ
ˣȥЩˣҵ֪ļôȤصһЦ֮˸Źâʲô
쿴飬ͻȻһƴʱ˿̿ȥһСһ
ҲУ㿴ŰɣҲǸйϵģҲðƨɡʼɴֱӾǰƤ˷ƣԼ
һòƸûϵλĳֿЩ˸оŵĸо
󣬻ҲǴŷ˹㳡֮УټĹ㳡ȴվһȺԼĪʮĺˣڴͷɥվΧĶʥѧĻ¶һٴеģ
ʵϣЩ˶԰½֮еĸ壬Ϊǲ壬޷赲Щ̽ӵ룬ǻأҲܲסô˰
ο˵̽ԲֹһЩʥѧ滹дһȺЩֻǴֱӽĶѡ
Ƶĳ֣Ȼһ䶯ʥѧ˿ƾͬһĴڣͬĴڶܹˣֱǿȴˣҪ֪Ҳֻһ۰
һ۾ܹ÷Ƶǻˣ
ݼۡ
е廤عŷƹغһۣЩ̽ӶΪ֮һ㶣ҲˢˢذĿڷƵϡ
Ƕ֮ƣǸеʮȤеǿ߶˵֮һҪע⣬źֶܴͨΣܹвĴڡ
ʱǿһЦеķ߹ȴһ˵ĸоȫûǿߵǣõ֮˵֮ðе峤Ϊ֮ɵĴڣ
һһңǶĸİɣƻ˻֣Щ˿һЩ̽ӣд󲿷ֶǰ벽ۼΪһĴڡ
˲ò̾Щ嶼ǷôΪ˴̽ϢȻĴڶĳɼð嶼ǲð
һȻƱػð½ֶҪһµϴƣ֮ǰҪȷ徿Ƿͬһ㣬ͷ֮
ߣһ۾ˣҲôңȻʱ򣬺֮̽еһȴڷϸоκֵϢɻѡ
һ˭
Цеתͷʻ죬֮Ҳ˸һĨâ
ŶǷһɳģΪ˶ԸһһǿߣкڻɣֱӳְһſˡеЦ⣬һҲǵùȻܵ˺ڻŵĵطⲻѰ·ô
һ壿Ƶ˵ͷڰ֮еʵҲǲѹֿɳһĴڡ


2358 ǿƵ
ҷһǰʮһ֮Ȼ˶ԴңһƺԼʵǲڡ
ҲȷһֱԴ֮֮ĵλѾһǧɣǰ½֮Ϊ΢壬ȴǷͷʢֳ̬ƺҪѹڰ֮ϡ
һǰɣЦеصȴǰһ޴˲𰡣Ȳ˵Ǽλ𣬵ƾڵҲܹ濹Ҫ֪֮ҲǷָߵ͡
ڴ֮һȷΪȽףֱλλλԼԲ
ָǽûжõĶλۣλһΪǱȲϵһλĦһĹͷӣӦλ
棬ǿǾվڴԲĴڣ統֮񣬾ΨеĴڣǿơ
ΪǿĴڣΪ½ԭûаͻƳ
ôλһؿһ۷ƣһۼѵܹʲôֶζԸôЦԵһУԼֻ˳棿
֪ͨһˣǴ㹻ĳˣЩˣһ壬Ƕ˳ȻЩҲԶʥѧˣ
Цеص˫֮ȴһĨâЩһΪ۸ôɫǿǲĵģǿƣǾǿƵף
ΧĻԣҲһ㶣־ǳװЩ嶼ǵô⻻ˣЩɾ͵ùˣһʥѧˣ¾ǵԵһҪƺݺݵһ
Ҫ֪ڳĴ󲿷ֶǰ벽۾Ĵڣּˣһ壬ǰ֮УҲĴڣһ벽۳ôףЩǲЩ˲ܡ
һİЩ˵ǿǾһĸı䡣
ʲôͰ˵ȥɡƻ˻֣ڶ໤عʱҲǳ죬ĿЦҪƹ⣬ȴûϵ̬ǿᣬǽ⣬ֱǰִ󰡡
ĺôһ£Ҳе㲻ĸо
ʲôЦЦָһȺ˵Щһﲻ֪ʥѧΪôɫΪǡ
÷ô˵ҲҧȷˣɫЩһ￴ǲеģǾ뿪Ļôò׽ƾûˡ
Ƕʼжһһһ壬Ȼ֪ͨǵˡ˻֣ҲǶԻ
ʥѧ仰ɫҲΪ֮һ񣬿Щ̽ӵʱҲ¶һٺһЦ飬˭Щùļһ˷ء
ھȥ֪ͨһˣȻ֮ЩҲûˣָŷһһλЦ
ǣھȥһ廤صҲ뿪ʥѧȥ֪ͨ˷һ塣
ƣҾЩ߳ŭһȥ˶ǸɱˣǾ͵òʧҲһǳص
ǸɱǾ壡Ƶޱȵرǵһ˭ɱˣҪԷ壡
һĻ˵ʱõñֲͣĺ̽ҲһӰǾֵؿ˷ƣͻȻǺΪҪôóȻؽʥѧЩɾ͵ùˡ
㡭ңţһǿ߶ʱ߳ŭָŷƱŭʶʱȻַ壬ʱµľ帲𣡡
仰΢΢һЦûںЩҪԸ壬δ̫ˣʱ½֮ϵλɱӦλҪɶĵơ
һŭѪɺӣͲǿԿģһѹ̫ˡ
һ͸öϣҪ˵̫ķҲһƳһǿߣҲǴ׵ûӣ
㡭Ǹң
һǿ߶ʱͻˣڵΪڻţһ㶼޷ãʱ˵Ƿˣһʥ۷ܹԸ
ʥѧſڣԣҲص


2359 ɱӺ
ʵ޷Ҫ½˶ʶѾǰǸ׵壬һͷҪվ۷Ĵڣ
λɵֻǼɵǶһЩûеȴûж⣬Ҳǲţһ徹ȻҲҪ
ҪľɱӺһȻһܺõӣһڰ½֮ҲǴ壬ԼĪʮ忪ĻҲ㹻ˣǻʲô岻۵ĻƲ˳ֶԸ塣
㡭ģб¾ͽ⿪ϵĽһһҲǷŭصΪһλʲôʱܵôĶԴҪſʾڣ
̫ɶˣΪûа취ȥҲֻǲϵƿڴ
⿪ҴһһЦָֻǿߣǾ޴
Ƶƻʼһʵľɫâڳ֣һĴ̶쿪ʼʥѧĹ㳡һεѹ
ʱ㳡ǰ˶̧ͷŷƣӦǿŷеһžɫâЩ̽ӵ𽥵¶һ־ֵɫ
󲿷ֶǰ벽ۣûмǴȻǱϲ־ʲôƷһλɫȴޱȵؾ֣ΪеȻǴ˵֮еǴ֮
ģһǿ͵һʵϢ˳˵֮ƿ췣ܹ֮ĴڣȴǲţΪֻǿѣϾǴּ֮˭ܹƿأ
һ̣ȴ۵ؿ˷ƲǴ֮ҲǱŵһ亹޷ˣΪһλ֪Ǵ֮жôؿֲ
ʶľ͸Сү㣬ȻҲǰ·ɫĮȻɨӹڳˣеһžɫǴ֮úܶһֲеĸо
ŷƵǿƱ֣Щ˷ֶַǴͷɥصͷ˵ľǣԼ御˹Ȼ֮󣬷ĶħֶܹԸǡ
ǷһڣҲǳĬԼҲûзΪһ˷ƣһǴ֮ԼϣɾͲˡ
ܿ죬ʥѧ棬ȴǳһȫŸ߸ߵſڵ
һĻȴ治ҽ̽ӿˣо֣̫Ц˰ɣһȻſڣ¶˿ɶˡ
Ƿһôôӣ
ģ֮Ȼôҡ
Ͻ㱨У彻񣡡
ԣϽ֪ͨȥ
һʱ֮䣬һȴЩ̽ҲǵľҪ֪һĵ̱Ͳ֮еĴ壬ɳǿȴǱ˵ʥѧĴţе˼ԣǾǾҪ
ڶ̽ӵļȥʥѧҲǱĴڣһʱ֮õҲеյһȴоչ󣬲ôǶӣǻ˰֮еЦ
һǿߣ裬˴ſڣԺҲ̧ͷӰ쵽һ
ʥѧĹ㳡֮еһ£Ҳܹ֪Ϣʱͼ࣬Ҳ΢΢ҪľЧֻҪ´˳ȥôͻٶһء
ô԰ҿɻû湻ЦеɨӶڳЩ̽ӣȴ㣬ЩֻһЩּƻѣͷϷǻں棬ȻҪһЩһϡ
ƣаСӵеɹ̫ʱȴǴ˺ڻ
ƻعͷҲֵڵȺϷء
ŶڻԣҲǶʱȤЩһйϵҲ£һֻСȻֱӴȥҾͲûŪ
ٺ٣Ҳáúڻô˵иһ֣Ҫв۵ļһ֣Ϻڻλϣô¾ͻøӾʡ
ʵϣʱԤϵһĻͳˣһϢٵؽʥѧһӰڿбȻǱɳȥʱѾˡ
壬Ҳҷһ֮ˣ


2360 ֪
ɫ΢΢һߣԭϵ嶸Ȼԭʧ˰֮УȵؽסһͷһȻ˫۶Ǳնˣ
һŭһҲ̫ˣȻ˶ԴĻ
ûйķϻֱӵضʱԹȥȫѪĻƬ֮ѹ
ҡԲ𡭡ѹһĻҲǿЦصԼ°ˣȥ˷һ壬봫һ֪ͨȴû뵽ԷȻ֡
ţû£İɣϱܹȥһЦҲȥ
˭Ǹʲô֮ƣҹ
һ綸ȻسʥѧĹ㳡һһ쳹Χʱò˶оѪȣⵥƾƾܹѹôˡ
ʥѧŵһλǿҲ͵ػعǷһĺԮˣоˣ
ߣСڻһ֮վ͵һ̤ͬҲͷųһƣԼؿסļµѹ
΢΢̧ͷһ磬Ҳ˿صǷһˣҵȻʵúúˣ
绺ɢȥ¶һݵӰ뷢԰׵ͷֳ֮ɨһȺ˺ڻϣɫҲһ־Ȼǿ͸Է
֮ƣ߿˺ڻ̬֮ҲûǰǰˣҲòȥֱӵصϷǷӣȻҷһǿߣ
˳ҿԼ̣ӴһӣƺܴȵصʵԺڻҲûжٵܾúڻǿ͸
ιιϲģ˭أһӾȻôţʱǲˡ
һλ۶ѣҲҿڳԣӿһ۷ƣҲŭһۣ֮аٶִһ˲仯һ磬˷ơ
΢΢һЦûжӣһ̺ڻȴǶˣһƣһڵĵطһգ
÷˶ǿڵĿֻԼΪóĹȴǱԷֱһֻ־ѹˣǺε
һӣҲɫ࣬ڻüɵࡣ
ϲģ˵ءٶȷŷӻЦҪ֮ƣңҴˡ
ǸɫӵΪ֮ϣԼǴ֮ĻӦܹһ£ȴĶ֣ʱкڻڣҲǲҪκεĵӡ
÷ƵĻӼֱӶǵˣƺᣬΪǴ۾˾Ȼ֮ɢϢĴ˭
ϲģҸһλᣬߣȴһǳִϣ˵ô㣿Цеص´ŷӡ
ˣ֮ΣǷһ嶼ôӶʱŭǰ岻ǰ֮Ϊµ壬һڣν֮Ȼˣǻô
˫ۣҾͶ˫ۣһʲôʱˣʲôʱȥɫҲȻرЩļһﶼô޴ôȻǰƶʲôǿߣƨǣ
СӣΪ˭ŭЦ˵ĻҲ̫ЦˣƾҲӵ˫ۣΪԼô
Ȼܿ챯ͷˣȻУȻǷƣǺڻȴԱ߿أ÷Ƶ˼֮ҲǶˣҪӶϵ˫ۣ
ӿڻˣҲһǰ˲öԸصϢĥ͸Ǻηʥʲôʱôǿߣ
Īǡ𣿡Ҳ͵һ˴ԣ𣬵һȴǲţҪ̽һ£Ŀǰпܾģ
ڲΪʱˣڻȫϢȻرõʥѧУԶĺƶ˶Ǹܵõ
ڻһеȥͷһˡҡҡͷЦ
أкڻڣҲõʲôˡƶЦЦ򣬰½ܹ˺Ƶ˻ûС


2361 ޴
ԺڻѹȣӴʱǿŭ֮еһҶۣ޷Ƭ̴ϢĻᣡ
ӴʱɫüΪѿԼҪԿһλʵ
ģЩϼһȻƭңŭ֮ǰҲĳѯʣǷ򣬵ǷһǼҲĥ͸ûа취һ϶Ĵ
֮£Ҳû̫ᣬΪֻԶѣϾԵʥѧ̽ӿĵܵܣ֮󣬱ļٵظϹ
ǳֱӵطϵǰͨ籨ŵ廤ȴûϵҲˣƲȻŭһʱȻ˲ڣҪð½һЩ嶼ǳ׵ذˣ
ʵʱ˿̣½֪żλѾûжҪע⣬ǷһȴǲʶʱҲֵܹ˭
ڻӿֶõ½ǿ߶һĲĵ̣
壬ѾǸⱻ壬̬Ѿ˿ɵһЩǿҲǰ̾һҲǶϵȥͷ
ǿǲ뱻һλãӿɾʹˡ
־壬Ǻڻȴûд֣ͣΪ˵ˣҪϵһ˫ۣԱ
ҪôԶ˫ۣҪô֣Լѡ񡣡
ڻĮȻ𣬴ʥѧõù㳡ΧЩٴѪǸղһȥһĻʱ˿֮ƾȻΪͷɫǼ
䣡
֪ʱлȭͷʼ˷źţֽȵպܿرǴ㳡ЩΪƵľٶеѪ
ɫѿ㣬ѾǽǼ˸ѪͷҲ޲Ŀǰ˵ҪľǣҪνǰ־ơ
Զ˫ۣ
Ϊ𣬲ôô˵֮ǰһϰĴڣȴ˶ˣһԶ˫ۣôһԺڰ½޷̧ͷ
ʵû뵽ĻʥѧſǵŵǿߣѾ÷һ׵ɨأЦôҲκһĸ߶˴ڣȴǱ˵裬廹к̸
ȻҲңӵɫͨ죬ô䣬һܣӰҲǶʱ˸ĿȻǷƣ
ӵ뷨ǼȻ𣬵ֻҪԼЮס֮ƣôλֶͨΣҲκԼ
ϧȴǲ̸֪죬ЮַƣͨĴۣȷǿôǷͨĴô
ǰԶķһ΢ЦͻȻ˸ķƺûа㷴ӦҲһЦֻҪԼ֣Ҳ˿壬ǶԷƴŲҪ֮
ɵڻֽɱľٶҲͻȻúЦҡҡͷƺѾǿӵ³

΢΢ͫ׽ԼķӣҲǳһĨζЦݣǼ䣬ϱǱ˾ɫâһգ
˲䣬ʥѧһǿ֮УŨľɫâ㳡õ·ЩۣüһҽУһӰȻǷӣ
ʱ˿̵ķɫ֣ͬ˹һֱѪ죬ϵزţǸһֽڵɫղһ˲䣬ȻѡӲӲԿ˷ƵǴ֮
ⲻѰ·ôȻ޷սʤǴ֮һЩ谭ܹڶԷҪԼ֣޴ڵǴ֮ɲǿЦġ
ΪԷӣҲǲҴ⣬ֱӵصȫǴ֮ڸûκ֮£ӲرǴһֱۣ
ǴǴôܣ¶ֵɫ֪ԷϾȻ̺Ǵ֮ôٸһӣҲǶԷƳ֡
ǲԸԶ˫ˣǾǰɡ¶һ޺ЦݣЦеؿһֵķӣ֮ҲǺâ֣
ãӵȻһתͷԭȺڻѾʧˣһת۵˲䣬ڻǰϢǳ

һؿزҽУӵ˫رһֺɫĻնϣи˿ڶǽڣû˿ڻĶƣ


2362 ͷ
ҽУɫ͵رò԰Լ˫ۡȻֱӵرնǼûѪ˿ڣҲиֳһ־һ쳣ȵڲϵʴ˿ڡ
ôȥ˫ҲĿԣ
˫۾ͺˣûҪƿһۣҲ֪ô£ͬʱҲһؿźڻֻ̫
Ͼֵ̫Ļô͵ǳ׵壬ʱͻЩ峹׵һԸ壬־ɲǷ⿴ģҲı⡣
ڻ˵ͷָصͷӱǲҽһǽɫ˫˿֮ϸһĺɫӷǽڵ˿ֱӵ뿪ص˺ڻ֮С
źɫ뿪ɫüλ԰ף˿ڴʱѾЩѪ͸һշƻû֡
Ȼû÷ӻعƵһ仰ȴĶˡ
˰ҵʥѧſڣȥ֪ͨһˣǣֱӸһ壡
ɫҰףһĴڣȴǱ˵ſڣ⻹ôȥǷһ壬Ĵڶֱӵرſڣ»һЩЦ
ûнзҲܣԱ߿ǻźڻһڣԼһʲô춯Լ³һ֣Ǿ
廤һۣҲӲͷƤѴʱķӸͬǰλǿһֱӵص˴ſڣҲоú˷ܣһλ
ƽʱЩĴڣĸǵͷģȴǿ԰廨صֺ䲻һĵ¡
㣬ȥһ˷һ壬ǲʶʱ´νٵľ𣡡ָһ廤ҲЦŵ廤Ҳ˸߲ҵٶǰһ塣
Щ˿ηһôô˵һλٸһӶǲҶˣһܹжʱ˿̶ʥѧſڣһִԲǾ͹ֲ÷ˡ
Ҫһȴôʶʱײ˭ء
һηһٴεùʥѧſȴǳ˹һĻɫȴǺ޻֮˵ſ棬ڸһЩ̽ӣʱҲٶһ
УһҪǿҪ治ǿ壡
ܽãҲԲܽԹ̫ˣ
һʱ֮䣬ʥѧ̽ǳ׵뿪¸Ͳͣ帽һһ㣬Ȼǿ龰ڻϢȴǶΪ֮ɵ
ʥѧܵϢȫʧһɶҲƵ̧ͷЦЩ˵Ӭʧˡ
ٺ٣αôηأǼڣЩҲǶֱ֣ӵɱϳ֮Сڻһɱζ
Ҫɱҡҡͷ̾ϢһǺ˵뷨Ȼû˵Ѿŵܹ²Ҫʲôˡ
ŶϻҪŪʲôڻԣҲЦȻǺ˼ôô
ûв´ĻҪ׵½Կ˫â˸һ仰ҲǿѹͣϾȥ̫ˡ
֣ڻɫҲ࣬һϸ룬ҲѾûˣյǿѾٶȸգ˵ɲһʲôϢ
ǿõպ󲻾ãٶһƽٽ٣ϯ½磬׵ľЩĴڣ
º֪ˣȵŰɡҲصһЦ
ʱΪƺͺڻľٶλǿ߶Ǳſڣ˸𺳣ʱ֮һЩǰˡ
ŷһķӲͬЩѾ֪ʱԲǣÿһݶǲͣеǵ峤һЩϣǰǵһЩϡıȡԼˡ
ЦеؿЩˣҲһ֣Թ¿׬ˣһǿֿöٺôЩκ


2363 ôߣ
Щ֮УҲٲǰʮ壬ѾǼʶĵ̣ԼǿƣȻڰ֮Ҳǲκ
ʮ֮壬Ƿƻǻ죬ûа̫˼ǵϣͬһ۷ڵ£˭ȥʣ
˲пᡣ
ԼĪʱ֮һ廤һҴҵӰʥѧλǿߵʱɫҲǱüΪѿ
Ƿһ峤ű廨󱻵ǿߣĶˣ¿÷һ峹׵ضûκεôʶʱôһξͲǰǿߵô򵥡
һ峤ǰ
ȻҲ˼֮ڻûʥѧ㳡ʱ򣬶ʱ㳡һ¼÷һ峤ҪڵҸطȥ
ʥѧɲֹһ峤Ĵʱ仰ҲǸֻɫѾǺܶˣڷһ˵⻹ʲôԼҵǿûб˰ŵſڡ
ԣҲһ֣ɵгһ仰ʵ˵ڷһ˵ǳĴ
вԶһ峤ҲסڻĴ£˷Ƶǰ
֮һ峤ǰǰӣһЦ⣬ҲǺܾ㵣΢΢ظһ£ԷǴ۾ѣһλۡ
Ǻܿһ峤ǷԱߵĺڻɫ΢΢һ䣬ӺڻҲǸܵõһ͸ĸоվǰͬһߵɽ
Ƿһ峤ȿڣЦеؿŷһ峤
ǵģƽһЩ˸ӣҷӡһ峤Ȼ͸Ҳ֪һλ˿κο̬
ӣ΢΢һ㶣һĨ΢ЦԴͻ֮󣬱Ʒۣһ峤изӵĳƺţⲻ˳ͻ
ڷƸһЩƺҲ뵽һ㣬ǸЦ´ӽνķӾ͵øˡ
ȻӴʱǲ֪Ƶ룬ЩһЦ⣬Ҳǲ֪ʲô飬ֻʶزԼ˵ʲô
Խҷۣ֮סǵЦҲЦеشӣΪλϢŨûв´ĻпͻƵλľ硣
ԣʱһ䣬֪Щ廤ΪʲôҪЦˣ֮ĳƺǷۣԼƺȴǷⲻǵڹشô
ǻѰʱ̣Ļô࣬鲻ã÷۸УǴͬͷʢһ򣬸ʮӷӣ÷Ƹô
ԭǷۡҲͷ亹ŷһЦ⣬Ҳǰûڲѣֶˡ
ðɣҲ˵ϻǰĿ֪΢΢һЦָſڵȥ
ӵ˵ͷȻһλۣû˿ӣǰѶԷͬȼǿӣ֮ð壬ҵȱȻǴȥϼӳͷ
ӣǸ˶ܹóû峤ʮҲ壬ûеƶѡ
ŶȻ㶼ô˵ǾԵе㲻ˡƼЦݵ˰Ұλ
Աߵ廤һۣôŵˣ̫˰ɣȻɻ󣬲ҲֱӵذѷӺһλҲǷ
ۺöʵҵӿڷô˵ҲһĿľҪһȥϾĴڣĸ֮жΪҪ
ӵλ˵ɫҲͷǿûκλ˵˶ˣֻϣ뿪ʥѧط
һ쵰ԵĻ쵰
ʱ˿̣ӺһλǿҲǲϵţȴǲκɫ¶
ȻˣҵȾ뿪ºҽһԵֳһ峤Ҳǳ׵һ
ߣ΢΢üͷŷӵЦ𽥵Ƿ뿪ô廹ʲôſԣҪߣԣǾ͸һЩ۰ɣ


2364 ȼ۽
ԣ˾һ㶣˶ˣ뿪ƵǴʲôע⣿
΢΢һЦҲᵯӵķ֣ŷӵȻ岢巢ʲôĦͬҲΪһΪĴڡ
ӵԶʱһ亹Ĳ˵ǵƾźڻȴڣ½˭Ҵע⣿۸
ǡɸ£ôɫüΪÿٱҲǲ²⵽ʱƿҪʨӴ󿪿ڣݺݵһһˣûа취˭Լﲻ壬ӦǵﲻЩ
ܼ򵥣ԴʥѧһҪϡ΢΢һЦָȵһλǿߵָŷӣ廤˫ۣȻͲˣ˲ڣ˵ô죿
ŷǸЦݣӴʱûڲѣ֪Ͳˣɳ̽ʲôһﻹԴʥѧץס˰ѱ
·ҲǺݺݵصһҲΣµˣƾҲܹһѹģûּۻ۵Ŀԣ
ʱԱߵЩˣɶ͵ֵ֣һ嵹ùˣҪ֪ùĿɲǣֻһǸӵùѡ
ó㹻ĳ⣬ȡĴڡ΢΢һЦҪ󲻹֣λǿ߷ڵ°½ﶼ۷ĴڣȴӵпɱǷΪ̵ĶҲǸΪɵһ㣡
ѿ֮ɫɷˣλֵô˵˵ҪǾǲܵģ˵ҪʲôȥҪ֪һĴڿɲô˵һ޷ö
¶˳ɵɫɫ𽥵رնȻرǴȥȻᱻһթһǵù
թô˿ں½ԼĿֻҪȭͷ㹻Ǿ˭˵㣬ǻûкڻȵ̴ڣôֻʲô棿
Ȼ̬̫أһЩҪ棬òľԲòǿƣҪչֳ
һصһ֮ڶ೤飬ȻһʵĽҲҧ仰˵ԼҲеΣⲻǿװô
ھôƾһ仰뿪ˣǷƵգ
ǰһǰ¶˵Ѿ㹻òˡƵ𽥵ر䣬ָʥѧ㳡˵ŹλǿһҪʥѧһҪߣ븶ۣ
仰ǰѻ˵ˣκ˲ĿԣǷֳǿƣҾѹˣô
ԱߵԣɫҲһΣϾԼˣҲǽνġ⡱еǰһЩϡıееǹȵȣΪԼҵܹߣЩҲֻҧϵù
Щġ⡱ֵһƶȫͷߣΪֻһʽѣΨһԵľǷһ壬˭嵹ùײɷһͣպÿɱӺá
ӿһܣҲǵȷͬ˵㣬Ҳ̾ϢһֻˣҲܹóǾԲ׵λ뿪ʥѧ
ǿߣ˵λڻ𼶱ĴڣǴԣʥѧ֮УһλĴڣٸʮǣҲ
ۣɷһ˵
ã¶ʲôģҲҧŷƵ
ɫ΢䣬ҪóһЩ⡱ȴҪԼһ˵Īʲôܣ
᲻ʲôıڻüͷŷӣλΪ˵ʲôǶԷ˵һв
Ҳҡ΢΢˼һ£ǵͷͬ⣬²õӿҪԼһЩܣΪλĵȼ۽
ʱƵҲǲʲôϢ÷ӾܹλǿᲢۣڶԼ֣ҡҡͷȲ˵ԷҲңңλɱǾʥѧľһĸ𣬷Ϊһ峤ӦòôðնΪ


2365 ˵Ϣ
󣬷Ҳǻ˻֣ڶ廤ɢȥʱʥѧѾûжˣƱǴŷ˻кڻʥѧ
ҲǾסڷƵĵƶҲΪ죬Ī淢ʲôڻ޷ô
ӿ˺ƶ֮и˼֣紫һжģ֮в𣬶ǲ٣
ƾλǳư½һ˭棿
֪ʱ򣬷Ӳ֪ʥѧǶôһ޴ľⲻô
ôˣĪʲô£𵭵һЦǼˣҲ¶˲ɫ
·Ʊǽȥһһ˵ȤʲôϢܹ÷ӾÿԻȥλ
˵ɣΧѾûʲôˡתЦеؿŷӣղǰһᣬ˷ӡ
غһûԼѡǶˣҲҧ˵ԣ⼸ǵҵĲ˵֮ǰһ󣬲պΣ۴Ӧȫҷһ壡
ƲɵǽüͷҪδе˵ȥˣϢû˵Ҫ£Ҳǲ˷ӵĲԾͨϢ壬Ҳǻһ塣
ǡǱһֻ֣вһ壡Ҫ֪һҲǲڰ½Ŀһģƺûм
˵ˣǵȼ۽һлǿ˵ϢǷֵûֱӴӦǵص
̾˿֪Ҳûǿٶֻ࣬ϣԼ˵Ϣܹ÷㹻ӣԴӦȻ˵һ嶼
ʵڵİ֮ѾǿʼıҪԸ壬ܶ࣬һЩϵǿ壬еĸǲźۼѾû壬ʵ̺ȴ˿壬Ҿ֪ЩƺڲϵһЩǱĿľҪٴδݻ壡
ӽԼ֪Ϣ˵÷Ǻ˾ȣȻĲҪԸ壿Щƾʲôôİգ
ƽüͷŷӣɫûκ䣬ʵϢ㾿Ǵ֪
ʵҲǷеɻ󣬰˵˵ĻôҲյһЩȴǰȫޣʵǹ졣
ΪҲǱµһ塣ɫѿҲֻǼһûκιϵųԹһ壬δ֮ʾڲ߻
ܣ𾪣Ȼǰ˲ôһ֣Ҫ壡˵Լ֮ǰѾ˳֣ôܡ
Ҫ˵ڷƹ֮¶ð֮еܵвŻγˣƻеţ֮ǰĻʵš
ʵں֮ǰԤԹܹؽǿߣ嶼ûеԤһ£ķâ¶֮Ѿ忪ʼע⵽ˣҲ뵽˵ǸԤԣԲŻ˳֡εصһж֪ģûаʵҲǲ
ԤԣԤԣ
ɫĺܣǼԤԣô˵ǵԼļʱʱѾܸˣ
ԤǲһһġŷƲһ˳˼֮󣬲ǻ̧ͷ
͵صɴͫףؿźô֪һģԼղſû˵κ֣Է֪
һ壿ɫҲ˼ҲĴڣ⼸һѾڰ½𼣵壬һҲڰ½۷壬һƺÿ˶ӵпԤеδЩ˿
ǰԵ޹ʵʧˣ˵Ϊ͸¶̫Ӷͷû뵽Щ£ȻЩйϵ
ǣһ壬ɫҲǱһҲǺǿȴջǸˡ
ңĻжٸ壿ҲЦЩһﶼҪôԼͳȫǣ


2366 ˵ı
ڷƵҪ󣬷ûֱӵشӦǿźȼ˵жٸҲȫֻ֪һ֣ҪԣҪӦǰ
ƺͺһۣҲǵ˵ͷڷӵҪҲǴӦϾܹõĻĶͻʮֵ
ãҴӦ㣬Ժʲô£ֻҪڣһڡҲ˳ŵⲻĳŵǴλ־
ôֱӵشӦԼҲһϾ˸ղֵزԼ˵ƵǿֶαԼԼҲû˿İ취
ҷƵ˴ӦҲΪԺǰ½֮б˾޴ìܣһҲΪ˾䣬ϾλôҲǲûʧܣ
ãǾͰ֪˵غһһĲǰһ嶼ȥģܹһ˿ʧ
ⳡıʵǣͷܾ֮ǰѾˣûǴĻǻӦǷ紴ͷʱ򡣡ӻص
ԣ΢˫ۣҲǺܲ죬ֻĺ־Ȼȣʸ˫֪ѹֻԼ޷ôӦԼʱ𣬾Ѿ˼ɵ֮ġ
ΪһԤԣȲǺ⿴ٶ𣬶һԤе㲻һܹˣԺɾͲһ㡣ӽ˵Ϊ֮еľͷԶֵĻ½壬ԲȰִΪ֮еĸԼκǿԳڰ½
ȻһҲ֪ΪΣôҲȷûǿ߽٣ǲ֪ûУ֪Ҫʱ򣬶ɳʹ˵һЩǿ壬˳ŵЩǴȵ־ҵЩ΢һ塣
˳˼ɫò˵һúݣûֱӳ棬ȴǿ½ڲìܣҪԸ壬ֻҪð½ּɡ
Ҵ֪뷨ĸϻģôȥˣôóơƶԱƲƲ
Աߵķԣʱͷ亹̧ͷһƶˣҲǸֲ²⣬һȺ𵽵ʲôͷԴǳ֮ȵȶû̫ķӦ
˲ò⼸λǣȾͷʵƺҲĬǵĴڣûʲôٶ
жҪļ塣Цеص֮ȴһĨâȭͷ΢΢սЩļһȻעôˣɺԼһֱûвһײ»ڹ
һ壬һ壬˼һ壬һ塭Ӳϵر֣ÿһִ˵÷Ƶɫøࡣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ӲͣΪѾǰ֪һж˵ˣѾ㹻ˣΪ˵˲ʮ壡
ġЩһȻҪԸ壡ɫ쳣ŭΪЩ֮еǺͬ˹ϵģȴû뵽ڱһ
֪һ֣һҲҡҡͷһжѾıãڷƹ֮󣬳˵ǿߣûзԼһָҪԸļ
ʮ嶼ʲôʵһ£Ҳʵ
󲿷ֶǰʮ壬һ壬ͺһ壬ǰʮ壡ҧһõǣǸ壬Ҳհ֮еߵ壬Ѿγɲκв
˵ЩѾǰ½֮еһɺǿ˭ʮּɵƶƵصڵ岻ͬʱô˵ҲĸͷҲƲʲô˻
ƺûз壬Ҫϵ塣Ӳһ㵽ʱ٣֮ǰһҲǿѯʹܲ£ȥԸ塣
һ㲻Ѱ˼һ£ûв´ĻһȻ᲻ϧƻأֱӵؽǿµ½ֵһ֮С
Ȼ֣ƵɫøѿΪԸϢ


2367 Բ
ѵӲôô󶯾˺˵½µЭ飬һһֲ׵ĵλɡüͷв⡣
Ȼô˵ˣЩЭ˭ġЦЦƻģֻԼߣǿ˵һЦ顣
һ˻һǿĳֵزʱ򣬻ѹôҡҡͷ֮ĹϵҲǰ㣬ʵͷĳֲΪ֪ϵֻǺ֪ѡ
ԣüͷϸҲˣҵʱƻ˹أܹ˵ʲô˭ȭͷ˭˵㡣
Ҳ£ǰǲ֪ʱ򣬻ǵǱЦѾ֪£ЩҪѾ֪Ϳתɰ㹻ԵĲ߻
һ㣬ܹؼֻҪյĺã֮оͻһΣ
ûоʲôʱʼ֣ƿһ۷ʵܹ֪׼ȷʱ˵Ǿ͸ˡ
֮󡣡ӳĬһµ
ԣƶһۣҲǵ˵ͷ֮ȷһֵĺûᣬΪǸոҪǰʮҪڰ֮ɳʥѧһֵĺûᡣ
ĻҲ㹻ʱ䡣΢΢һЦ鵹Ҳûзչ̫أ£Ѿ㹻ܶˡ
ɣǰɣһ۹վԼǰķӵʵ
ǣʲôԸӿһλʻҲǲ˿Ĵ⣬ϾһָͷܹԼĴڡ
ӦǸԸˣͼװʲô¶ûзһ𵭵ص
һ㶣һ㵹е㳬ϣԭΪһ뿪Уûϵ󣬻ӲɵϣȻǲ²⵽ͼӦ
̫ˣһ©ʲôǾ÷һٲ֮أ
ʵֲѡдӦǡƶԱҲ΢΢һЦҲǿ˷ڳɣȴǿڴ˷ļ֡
ѡǣôվƾ˵Щ㹻Щ϶ԸˣӦǣǾͳһսϵˣʱȻһƽ¡
ʱǿڵȻеǿȵζȴݲ÷ӷԡ
ǡɫеŭⲻ÷һİΣвԼô˵Ҫסһأ
ղ˵ҪסһǷƣǡ𵭵һЦƺǲ²⵽˷ʲôȻô˵ȥе޳ܣ¹ص壬޳ܣҲһΡ
ԣʵ͵ЦѣȴסװһΪɫҲȷղǾ仰˵ԺλĿС
ֻǷƵĳŵĳŵ
ʱ򣬷ûڲѣ֪Լϵˣа취ôûУֻҪԼͷӦȲ˵⼸ܲܰԼһԼЩҪԸϢ͹鷳ˡ
룬շɫǷ֪ԼԣҲֻдӦһ·Ȼùľһ壡
ӴӦƵҲЦˣڵǰİɣȻ㶼ͷӦˣǾͬһģǲ᲻ġ
ϣµ˵ӱưһҲǺȴֻܷܱ
¿ɿôһݳȥ¾ͻЩˡҲ˻⡣
֪顣ҡҡͷֻе峤ߵ̫ϴ֪֮⣬֪
ǾͺáһҲǵ˵ͷǾͷӸˣλǿ߿ԴȥǼסһҪܣҪ©
ұҿǰ嶼ǶĽȥˣӺ޺޵ҧȻ÷ƺ޳ܣƾʵλ°һЩҲδܹԸ
ȵĽǿߣǺ˱ȻԼ뷨Լιء
ãҾȥɡ
ĿѾǴﵽҲЦеصӻһҲˣϣŵԼɣ
˵֮󣬷ӱǴ󲽵뿪ŹλѸٵ뿪ʥѧط޲ж߶졣


2368 
ŷǴæ뿪ıӰӵЦ𽥵ȥܺýʵϻǺ鷳ϾҪԵǰϣҲѹοʱȵĲ֡
Ƶе΢˰̾û뵽ȾȻǰͲúþҪˣǳ֮󣬵Ƕֵʱǰ˲١
Ҳã֪ˣǲ֪ˣǵơƶҲЦЦ
ʱ컹ж˶ѾǳΪ֪ͨǰ˵Ҫ飬ȫˡ
֪Ϣ֮ҲǷ׷ױʾ𾪣ԹԲͳ˰幫ˣԼȻԺ֪ġ
ɶЩ塭ȻҪ˴ôҧ˭壬֪Ȼôһı壬ȻҲŭ𣬺޲ɱȥ
ջûʲôܵġƺĺ͸Ҳ̾ϢһʵѾԤȴû뵽ϾǱԤϵĻҪء
һ㶫ԤϹˣΪƵǿϣȻҲһЩ岻ϣٶȻָ۷壬϶ºֻ֣û뵽һľͷҲǲ
ڱҪѰ˼һİ취֮ǾͺܱˡεصǰΪؼľҳһʵİ취Щ˺ݺݵһΣ
Ҳֻ֪ˣҲ⣬ĻҲͽ޹
Ҿõܲ棿Ͼô˵Ҳͷ֮һüͷ
ܡ
ƶзƶͬһʱͬصʾԲԡ
˾㵣ѵ嶼вôɷƸĹϵȥͦõģһζɳǿæȻûá
С֮еľͷȺ֮дһЩϵЩ˲֪ġ˼µһΪһ֪ͨ壬пܾͻҲ֪ʱǾ޷龿ô仯
˳Ĭһʱ֮䣬屻ˣ˶ҪԸͷȻΪƵĳ֣Ѿúܶˡ
üͷΨһܿľֻԼˣ¾Բ֪
ȲֵĻԼȷԽ£ϾЩһҲðգǣʱһȵʱǿߣǣסǵĻµƾԼ޷԰ôƿյص
ǻһơƶЦЦΪֻĸȴ֪ʵȴλ𣡡
˵ͬʱƵ˶ǰһǵģɶ
շǿƻع飬źҲ˶֪λһҲȺͰŲɣɶû
ɵһ㣬ǳΪĵƣ
ʱûв´ĻȾɳһЩǿǣסĸ֮ͻֱӶԸ壬ʱǱǣסҲֲáЦЦıò˵ܼ򵥣˵ȴǼΪģ
ûɶĻ֪£Ҳ÷Ƶͷ۲ѣһǣס֮û̫ȥӦϡ
ͱöˣû֪֮лһλ𣬵ʱһֵʱ򣬿°֮Щᱻݺݵһ
֮⣬ҪĶϣؼĵжԼҲغһ
˼ǡ˫ۣҲǲ²⵽˺Ҫ˵Ļֻȷ¿Ը߲ߡ
ҪϸԸǣҪľͬϸ壬һֱӲ߷ʱЩ˵ɫúܾʡҲЦеص
һҪĻҪϵҪкܸߵҪ󣬶ҾԲȵǰ֪ʧȥáƶԱ߲
΢΢˫ԺͷƺҲѰ˼֮оʲôǿֵ£ģܸģһѹϵ壬ǲǰ̫ǰģǱҪȷûбǸҹġ
Ψ㣬ܹΪһ㵹÷Ϊͷۡ


2369 ߷
ǰĶԲߣֻεĺȻָЩܹ㹻İǷҪһƣƣֱӵذյ۷̶ȣ
ǰ˹ϵһж١˫Ŷʵ
֪ģԼжʮȻЩڰ֮ҲǶ壬вٶʧ֮󣬽˵ĹϵеѾӹ֮¡Ҳǻش˵һ֡
ʮôѾ㹻ˡͷȡʮ֧֣ôһǵжɾͻܶ಻
иؼ⣬ǲ֪ԷǷѾǱ£ˣͬһһ㡣ʱҲԱ߻صɻ
ȷҲһ⣬Ļһͻ崦һܱľ硣Ҳǵ˵ͷ˼һ£Ҳ˶Բߡ
ղ˵壬źüѾڷӿ֤ʵѾǱ壬ôЩҲǲáƵ˵ͷҪųЩ塣
ҲҲǵƶԱ΢΢һЦɫ֮ƺгģ
ƶɫҲһ㶣ûзӦЩѾǵȵһߣѵҪǣ
ȻԺ֮Ҳһ⣬ƶ˵Ҳûǲǲԣ
߷
Щ嶼һˣǿǳΪĸӹǴǿеóѾǴԸ
Ȼһٶȥ飬ЩѾҪ壬ôȻҲǲýκε壬ǵѣȴҪڱһǺġ
Ѿ²⵽ˣûǲ߷ҪʱǿҲϧƶصһЦǸˣһ͸ġ
¿»鷳λˡͬһ㣬Ҳ΢΢һЦҪ£˶ûȻĴڣȴ壡
ΨֻĴڣܹǲ㹻Ŀ־壬Ӷӹ֮£ǴǵĿе֪ԼҪ֪飡
Ҫʱ̣ԼҪԳȻĴڣȴӵǴ֮֮ݣǿֶΣգ㹻ʸ
ˣϷͰɣҲºæҡƶ𵭵һЦȻ˼֮гȴ֮⣬ûǿ߿飬ɶصĵƣԲôͳ˵֮С
ҲãҲšû̫һεĺȣ֮ȴһЩ˵Ĺϵ
ȻλûһҵҲȻС΢΢һЦ½İѾ㹻࣬һμȻлرôҲʮ⡣
ô±ȻһݡڻҲǺٺһЦ
УǾλǰңһˣھ֮ڻʮ죬ÿĿ壬ǾѾ㹻ˡҲǸһĨЦݣλ֣Ҳ˿壡
һ壬һ壬һ壬ٻһ壬ʥһ壬һ壬һ壬һ壬Ԫһ壬һ壬ʮǵĿꡣ
΢΢һ£ǸԼļ˵ʮ֣ʮ֮Уһʥһ壬һ嶼ǰʮĴڣҲˣʣµ߸壬ȻȲǰ壬Ҳǰһٵ壬պҲвĹϵ
ɣɳһ˷ֱλһжѸٺܶࡣʱ򿪿ڵϾλ֮ǰûнٹ½⼸ķֲಢǺϤ˴ĻɽҲǺܿ졣
ţҲǵ˵ͷȻһ΢鷳࣬Ҳȷͬ룬ܹЧʣϾµʱɲǺܶ࣬ת۾ţǵʱƬ̵˷ѡ
⼸λȴ뿪̵ȶʥѧȻͻע⡣΢΢˼һ£Ҳǲôʥѧķͻ࣬ǵòʧ
İɣȻǻοĺڣҲ̫ĵġҲ֪˷ƵĴ㣬Ҳ΢΢һЦ
ãλͶɣʮ죬ʮ֮ͻ顣Цŵ


2370 һ
ڷƵ˵Ĳ֮£һˣҲǷ˸ԵĿ꣬ǹһˣλλ廤·
һ뿪ȻϢʥѧĸ߲֮⣬Ҳû֪ɭͲӰڵʥѧΣӴ֮ҲٶȽ˱չ֮С
Ƶĳ֣˶ظеͬΪ֮ǣ֮ȴŸԵĽڱ˦ں棬ȴô
ĹѾǱ仯˵һ΢ĵزǰһЩҲʧȥãһʱֻǳһƺҲûԼͬ˵ɭͲӰǲõֻҪԼ̤һǿ˵ִ۵Ĵڣ
ָо΢Ѱ˸Ƕڰ벽־˵ȴ֪ʥˣܹܵõ
ȻȻϾϸ΢ı仯ǰ¿һһҪľҪ峹׵ص۷壬ð徴ηֻ㹻ʸȥ
ѡĿһһ壬֮ľ벢ԶۺʵҲǺǿҲ϶򣬵Ƿȴ˿壬޷ɱҲаöԷ޷ɱԼ
οϻ˹ϵҲܶԷ֣ҲǷ֮һ
һһ壬嶼źܶ๲ͬ㣬ǿԵȻ޷ŷǰݵ췣֮磬Ĺ֮ǵĴڣٻ췣
һ㣬ưŰɣҲû̫ĵģǰ׵磿ϻ̺Ǵֳ֮Խ췣
һһ嶼Ǵڰ½Ҳǻ˴ʱǵһأΪһ£ԷƵҲǺأȫϢȥһͨʥ۷塣
ǣһһأҲһҪĵط̾һڶǿߣ֮ǵȵȶǴ֮С
ȫں֮£վǲԶĵطңǣҲǺǾ̾ԶԶܹ̺֮Ũ
ѹֻطѡǣҲûԭ򡣡΢΢һЦƣûпԵԼڵȴ۳һƬҫɫâ
ǸŨڵǴ֮ǻԾ
Ǻǡ֮Ƶͳ˶ںɫĶ֮£ǽӽӽ֮ȴǷһЩס
䱸
ƿſ֮ǰǿǱе㲻ѰһǣȻž޴ػҲԲ㣡
ѵһʲô⣿üͷɵ壬ҲѰ˼ǰһڽÿ˶ҪеǼǡ
˵ûǷ˴°
ʱڷƵĸȴǴЩ˽ʱ÷ȤҲǺ֪֮зʲô飬Ȼ˽䱸ƺ׷Ѱʲôˡ
˵֮ܵɱ׵ĺȻ֮ĶӣǶ׷֮ĶӣҲ̫ӣҾ˵ڳϻѾǿʼӹȫ֮Ļ֮С
Ļ֮󣬷Ƶͫ׶ȻΣ֮ĶӴɱԼĸף
ȵȣе㲻ԡ
Ժٵͷһһλ峤Ȼûжӡ󣬵ȴԼһֹĸоһӣĶӣҲţųһǧΪţ
⡭Ȼᷢ飿
ط֣бȻһЩΪ֪飬뵽ľ棬һҲǷ˾䣬һֱڲе顣
ôأȥͶ֪ôƵֹŵ
ֵܿ˷ƣΪƴʱϢԵѹƣҲֻʥ۷ѣİ½㲻˶ɫǿߣڵǼһ£ҲǷС
ڽ֮󣬷ܹоõǵǳɭϵ˵ǶǴڼ֮УԿüʱǵǶôء
ڽֵϣ·ϵÿһ˶ɫҴңʱʱһ׵ǿ߲϶Ѳţɵ˾ͻͣʡ


2371 
ǷƣȻҲܵεʣȻûбǷҲ֪ʱĽ䱸ɭϣԼҪʲôĻ»еѡ
վڽϣ̧ͷңԶһƬߵĽȺԼ¶һЩɵɫõһƬȺ棬̾ǿϢӦþһν̫ϳϡ
ǿߣһۡ΢΢صͷҲһĵ˵٣ֻӵĴڣҶλ
ˣҸطסȴٴ㡣ƿһɫѾǽӽ˻ƻ裬Ҳһջסڿջ֮лһЩϢΪ̫࣬û˸ҹ̸ۣ˷ҲûʲôмֵϢ
ɫ𽥵Ҳ𽥵ƽҹǺţһƬںڣֻʱʱವƿǵİǿߡ
𽥵ؽ˰ҹʱ֣һֱڷڵķҲǶȻ˫ۣغһ£ȫһ׺ɫҹ£׼ҹ̽񹬣
ڵϢ伸ǴԲǿ߲пܲĴڣ·ϣȻǰУҲǿѲӣǶûܹɹַơ
һΧԼѾǿҪӽˣʱǰҲǴһƿΪܼȻǲֹһˣ·Ϊ˰ȫҲǽԼӰڰ֮У˿ɲ
ɫ׵ĻԶϢΪΪ׵һȻǰ벽۵Ĵڣ
ȻһھƸʱȴǶȻͣ÷ס˺ô£
ͳ죬ôͣˣһ˲ʵɨӹȴûзʲôԵļ
ΧˡΪ׵ͳص񼸼Ϊںҹ֮УҲʱʱ˸žâ
ô˵ĸҲ͵ɫһ䣬¶˽䱸ɫ񲻶ϵܺڰĻɨӶȴûзְ㲻Ծĵط
ɣѾǲϢˡͳͻȻظڰķƽüͷһѵǷԼܣһ벽۾޷ԼϢ
һƬž˵ӰӰûУ˵ʲôںڰ֮УȻȴ˷ơ
ɫòزϵѰ˼ĥ͸һǷķԼȻȻܣԷպԼͣĲԶ˵⻰ʵǺɡ
ʱ򣬷Ȼ΢˫۽ضǰĳһڰĵطղŲ׽һ˿΢ϢȻˣ
̫ӣˣһ𳤴ģͬһķϢҵġ
Ϊ׵ǸͳҲͻȻ̾Ϣжʱ㱣ԹԣԼȻôãų˸ν̫߱ӣƺˡ
һ仰£ڰ֮ҲǶȻشһ̾ϢΡ
ڷǰԶĺڰطһ춯һΪӰ𽥵شӺڰ֮߳¹ҫϣ÷ƿǳѪ壬Լһ˫ƣ˫ۡ
죬û뵽ջ㡣ͻȻҲ̾ɫе
̫ӣһ񹬰ɡǸΪĻͳҲ¶һεɫ
֪һȥûУȺҵĸ׶Ҷ֣˵ˡһ̫еյصҲǿ죬죬Ҳֻ԰ˣ
̫ӣȻ˼ȣ̫ӵ֪Ѿ̫ϳϽӹˣǻֻ
죬ѵҲΪɱ˸ôǸ̫Ȼɫ
Ҳ֪񹬵ĻҪӣҲ¶˸ӵɫ̫ӣС泤ˣԼĸ֣ץȥ
죬̫ʧˣѵʱ㻹Ⱥ̫ϳϵľô̫ʧص
ֻһӵ񹬵ΣҲûа취
֪Ҳ־ܵġ̫ɫ𽥵رһ˫֮͸¶һֲƿо֪һĻƾ̫;߱ɱԼ׵ˣ
̫ӣҪҵȣ񹬲Զһж㶯ģҲǵͳص
ΣҲ̫ӵϣһɲƣ˫ضһˣ


2372 ҿ԰
÷Ƹоǣ̫ӾȻҲǰ벽۵ľ磬ֽһ߾ܹԵİ벽ۣҲ̲ס̾
㣬ˣҾͰһѡҲֹʵ֪̫ӸͲǶֵ֮ˣǱ޻ѣڶֵˣ³ν̫ϳϣҲûˡ
ڷ²ⲻ͸ľǣԸ龿ǳ֮˼Ǽ̫ϳ֣Լ֮зǸоԼѾǲ²⵽ʵˡ
̫ӣˡҵˣҲǵͳص𽥵ӿһֿµƣЩɫâ֣ԵĻ̫Ӯİպܴ󣬵ˣĸ񹬺ܽӽ
һʲô󶯾Ļͻ᲻ϵظϹʱ̫ųҲɲȥ
Ȼʱƺһ㣬һӴϢȻؽƬֱӵطס˿ռ䣬ǿ߶޷Ķ
˭ŭҪһЩ亹ΪԼڵϢȻѹһ㣬˿޷
ͬʱͬĻˣ̫ڣ˫Ŀֵɨķ
꣬С㣬ʲôǾͲ̫ˡ
ʱһЦҲǴ˺ڰ֮еļžһȫںɫ֮еķҲ𽥵س˵֮С
㡭˭֮дһĨ𾪣Ȼڴ˵أԼȴûа㷢̫˼ˣ
̫ӿŷƵĳ֣˫ҲǸֳһĨɻ󣬲ɵöŷƵĲ֮ؿ˼ۣҲǺܾȣǸطԼûжԶҲû˿Ĳ
ֲ̫ˣ
̫Ӻͬʱֵһ뷨
˵ôѾǱҽˣɱ㣬Ҳ˿ķӦЦЦȼҲһĨϷʡ
ԣ˶ɫò԰ףܹһľԲѰ֮ϢǼ˸ͲǶ֣˵Ҫʲôġ
˭񹬡Ƭ֮ǵԼ̬Ӿ֮зعҲǹضŷƵȻ֪˭ȴ֪˾Բǣ
ԵĻϣܹƾ񹬵ͷöԷɵ
ϧ̴ˣǾ񹬣ֺαأ
СϷûáƳһ죬ҲЦǸóɣˣҲ޷ñ֪
£ɫøӲ԰ףû뵽ԼһһǱԷ
죡Ȼ̫ӿɫԾҲǱ÷ŭָҸƽʱô㣬ȻҪǼϹԸǣ
̫֮ԷŭȫΪѾǱȻҲ׼ĵʱ䣬Ա֪ͨˣղ֮Լ˵ô໰ҲΪ˽Լľԣ
̫ӣΣѾǽˡ쿴ԼҴɫҲǱĮ̫ӵ̫ϳѾ׽㣬ôһ֮ң
ԭˣҸô㣬ȴǻǹҰģ̫ҡҡͷɫǷŭ
ιιڿɲ˵⣬ҵ͸ԱҲʼЩûжᡣ
£ȻҲ֪˭ҷȰ㲻Ҫ֣Ȼ񹬵ŭɲһ˿Գܵ𡣡Ҳǿ˷ơ
ûΪزɲ⣬ҪԵ񹬣
ҪסҲǱĮȻض죬𽥵ǿӿ֣ѾǱԼĶҲǴݳȥ
㡭쿴̬ǿᣬɫҲһŭȴû˿취̫ǿˣǿûгֵͷ
ҧҧȻսֱӵ
ߣģΪ˵ЦôСƸǲᣬĲ޷ݳȥΨеȵԼ˽ܹ֮ݳȥ
ƶȻسֱ֣֮͵ظһĨ貵ľɫâĻо˵Ĵ̶
ôܣ⡭ɫ˲þȻûӦ֮ͫѾǱ־ɫâ⣬һʧȥֱ
Ըһ벽ۣĸʥ۷壬ƼûлʲôѾǳɹõǸ̫ӿڵĿؿһУ⡭⻹˿ô
ߣҿ԰㡣


2373 
һ̫Ӿ㵵ؿǰķƣ֪ΪΣ֮һ־ֵɫԷȫûеֿΪڵʱ˿̾ȻӲرѹơ
㡭˭̫ӽ͵صڷͻȻֵˣҲǳ𾪡
߰ɣٲ߾ͻᾪ񹬵Щϼһʱ߿ɾͲˡ΢΢һЦҲЦŵתȥ
̫ԭأƺҲҧֱӵظϣ֪ǷҪ죬Ͷˣ񿴷ƵɫƺҪԼȻ֪ʲôĿģϣ
̫ɫһᣬңңؿһںҹ֮Ȼһ񹬣ҲǺתͷȥŷƵıӰȥ
ȻڷȥƬ֮ĿռȴͻȻŤһģӰȻسҹ֮УŻķΣһֲŭơ
ţӰڳ֮Ҳüͷһ£һ۵ϲĺɫ˼£ɫҲǶȻһ䣬ˡ
ʱԱ߿ռҲǽӶŤһӰ֣һŮӣһ˵ʱɫҲȻһ䡣
ˣǶˡ̾һеĺɫƮȥ
ˣŮüͷܹϢذɱҪǲܹһ㣬֮гȴǻ
ǿ֪˭ҲԵǵصһŮӵ׷ǼǣԲӵ
Ϊ׷ŮҲǵ˵ͷ˱ٴʧǾһ̫ϳϣλǿߣ
ȥ֮󣬸ĺڰ֮УȴӰ𽥵߳ȻǷƺ̫ӣ
ǺǣûλҪԸ㣬㴦ҲЦص֪һսԷȻǻʱ֮ڽ٣ǺҲû뿪ƾϢ䣬ڰλ޷
̫غһŷƵܹң
˵Ȼܹð֪һжȸҡ΢΢һЦҲǿһҡҡͷﲻ˵ĵطɡ
̫ĬĬص˵ͷҲǸŷƳ׵ʧ˺ڰ֮Уٶǻָ˼ž֮С
ƺ̫Ϣػص˿ջ֮У֪֮ûõ̫ӾȻǻڿջ֮С
ص֮󣬷Ҳǿˣνһ̫ӴʱжôǱѪۣͷɢģʱʱɢһζ
ȥϴһ°ɣӣﻹһ̫ӵģƲҡҡͷ̫Ҳ˾֮УԼʱ»ꡣ
̫ԣһԼϣҲεص˵ͷҲȥϴˢһǻһɾѲǳڷƵǰ
΢΢һЦڲиʱƵͶ·ˡ
ǵģʱһֱͬɥ֮Ȯȴûҵİ֮أ̫ҲҡҡͷЦΪһ̫ӣȴ䵽˵ĵزò˵ǼΪɱ
ɣҶʲô顣Ҳ΢΢һЦ
˭Ըô̫ɫ΢΢ڷƵİȷǺҪڴ֮ǰҲҪ˽Ƶݡ
֮ƣ
ûκҲֱӵذԼݵ
̫ӵ±ǸһĨɫʧе֮ƣ
½û˭ǸȤģҡЦӦǿԸ˰ɡ
ղʹõĿǴ֮ѹڵԵ޷̫ɫһҲ¶һԭ˵ı顣
Ц̫Ӳǰ벽۵ľ磬ҪԿԼδе˵Цĸоͬһ磬̫ҲԲԼĶ֡
Ȼ֮㣬ǿ԰Һҵĸʣһ彫ĸӹ̫ڵ֪˷Ƶ֮Ҳ͵عģ
Ʊ־ٶҲһ£Ҳæ˵
֮ӦҵĻҳ𣡡̫ҧһ̫¹Ѿܼʧ
ģͻȻضһЩ֪̾˿ɣΣҪĲǸӹ壬ѣ
ԣ̫ӻһҲ˷仰˼


2374 Ϥ֪
Ȼѵһ壬ûٽһΪӹһ壡
ɣȻѾԼز²⵽ĳЩ£㻹Ȱ֪Ķ˵Ҿܹ֪ˡ΢΢һЦ
̫ɫǼֹؼʱ̣ȴվѵݶ˽İиǼѡ
ģһжҪһٶǰ˵𡣡̫̾һһǰһѾѵĹϵһһֱҸ׺ҵ˼ΪùϵǱġ
ϧһУԴһصǿ֮һжǸıˣ˵λ̫ϳ϶Ǳ̫ӿһ۷ƵɫǼص
һǿߣ˵ǣвԸ飿̹ȻһЦѾˣȻȵЩ֡
֪̫ʧؽеһ˼ɫŷƣ¿˵Ƿǳܵ飬ȴû뵽Ȼ֪ˣ
Ȼ֪ȻΪһһǣЦŵ̫ƲƲĸףҲ֮ȴͬ£֪λǿȣҲԸȥԸ壬ǿ߲ģȴҵһ̫ϳϣҽ֮˵
̫ӵɫԽԽȣûϵƾȻ֪ô࣬Ҫ֪һ£һ֮У֪Ҳ֮λ̫ϳ϶ѣ
һǲ©ϢģĪǡĪѾǲҪ֣
̫͵һҲ뵽ܣǿ˷ӹһĨϷʵЦݣб֪һ߻Ѿ֪ˣ
֮ģҺҸ׶ûҪԸ˼̫ϳϵҵĸҲû޳ɡ̫æͷ亹ص
֪ȻҲ㡣Цеصһ̫ӣһ£ʣûв´ĻĸӦǱλ̫ϳˣ
̫ӵ˵ͷ¶һĨŭɫһжλ̫ϳϵıΪ˲뵽Ǹƻ棬ͣȰ˵ҵĸףȻҵĸ׸ͬ⣬ǸɴҲǶּӺҸףǼӵذҵϣһǾܹµؿһ壬һҵĸ׶ûκֹ
ĸΣǷ񹬣׷ʵѰ˼һ£֮ţôаϢܹ̫֮ϳϣ
֮֮ѾǱλɱôҲǲ˷ʱ䣬ֱӵ֪ͨˣһȻƾԼ޷Ըλһλۡ
ʵҵĸûʲôƣֻ˶ұһ粻ֻ֪Ƕ߱ɱԼĸף֮˻֮С̫ӽȭͷ
ж΢΢ؽüͷûмǴĻ֮ΪӦλôǿж
һΪֹɢľ綾ֶҪһĻȫ޷̫ҧҲûǸɱҸףȻ̫ϳϣҲֻλҸλ
ֹɢ΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶˻ĵЦݣֶضǿҲãֻҪһС˵ҲǱøͨ˲࣬ڵ޷á
İɣȻĻҾܹȳ֮ǻɱλ̫ϳϡ΢΢һЦ֪ôҲżְա
λһλȻΪҲǴ۾̫ӳһµ
ҡҡͷЦΣֻҪѰҵĸλãⶾô㸸׵ΪܹסλȥԸһۡ
̫ԣǰһƵֶʶſµǴ֮˵Ǵۣλ̫ϳҲδܹɱơ
ûа취ȷһ㸸׵λãƵɫ𽥵رһҪ⣬ܹĸ׾ںδôİվͻǴࡣ
ǿ϶תˣҪ֪ĻҿǰĸȥҴ̽Ҫ֪񹬵ȫ̫ϳָܹӵġ
̫ӳһ£Ҳ¶һĨɫԶ񹬣һŭڶĸǸطǱ߱ɱ׵⣡
˿ɿ΢΢üͷ󲿷ֶǸһˣǹƾˣöԷǰȷǾͻǱ


2375 벶ȸں
̫ӳһ£ҲǼᶨصɿЩҺ͸ʰʿ鲼񹬸䣬λ̫ϳҲǾԲ֪
ô˵Ҳǵ˵ͷãǵȵʱȥϵЩˣ֮ڵλøǵϾж
̫ӵ˵ͷŷ֮ڣеϣȻ˼֡
һҹߣڵڶ峿ʱ̫ҲǾһϸĵĸͷ֮ҲȻ뿪˿ջһηǰϢֶν̸ڵ̫Ӳòźܴı仯ϢҲǱѹʥ۷塣
һĴڶῴʲôߣϣ˿㹻ƿ̫ȥıӰҲǵ̾һ̫νʿҲǳôƻԥ뿪ǣȻ󽻸
аĴڣȴûа֪֮ҲеģûбҪֵطԼðա
̫뿪˿ջ֮ҲѸٵûȺ֮УߣϢҲڷƵİ֮£ıࡣ
̧ͷһ񹬵ķҲ˹ȥߵ񹬲Զ֮һƬһͬ˼û̫ҲѸٵؿһܣû쳣֮ҲǽϿһźš
һ̫֮Ӳæ뿪طЩʿйԼģֻ˼ǺţôЩʿͻʲô顣
Ȼ̫뿪ͬԼĪһʱ֮һӰҲȻس֣ǽϳֵļǺţȻҲһ㶣¿һܣû֮ҲǼæ뿪
ǣ뿪ķ򣬾ȻǺ̫뿪ķһģһ
Ӱ뿪֮󣬿ռȴǻŤţһģŮӰȴǳڴ˵أȻ׷һ˫ضǽϵļǺţҲһĨص΢Ц
ô
ͻȻ֮䣬һ޵ĴȴǴ׷ıռٶȻŤʾȴһӰϢԶԶû׷ǿ󣬵Ҳ̫Щ벽ۿɱȣѾǺ֮֮ĵλ̫ϳϡ
ţȻϢò˺ܴı䣬ְܹͨ취ǰµʿȡϵҲΨԼһ˶ѡ׷ȻһЦƺһжƿ֮С
Ϊβڶ֣һ۾̫ϳҲԻʵʱֵĻ̫ӽ֮أǵĿҲڴﵽˡ
òôõνʿͱǿסˡ׷ﵭЦǿ߶ڰУ֪˭ûв´Ļ֪
ڵĵطλҲǻ㱴ص
ûҵҪ˭ҪƻһĴ£׷֪ҲǴЩĮ䣬Ѿ֪ΰбȻ˲֣ҶԷпܾĴڣ
׷˵ǱڵвŪĻǼǾԲİģҪ֪Ǽ̫ϳ£һǱҷȥôһ˶Źǡ
߱ɱ峤޻̫ӣһ֪̫ϳϣôһ֮Ҳûǵ֮ء
ʱ̫Ȼǲ֪Լνʿȴͱ̫ϳϲѾֱӵؿǣһ̫ûԤϵģҲǷΪĵһ㡣
̫뿪˺֮ͬǵһСջĶ࣬ѡͷҲ˲ȴ֪ԼһһѾС
̫ӽСջ֮һںͬĺӰҲβ˼װʶһ𣬵ȴѾڴ
²μ̫ӣʿû¶κ״һоͬǰһ㡣
öΣ̫Ҳǽ׷ʵʱ䲻࣬ܳʱӣһ˲ɾˡ
ܻңλ̫ϳֱӵؽӹ񹬡ӰҲʵػش
֪ҵĸ׹Ѻô̫ʳΪҪ⡣
񹬵׵֮УһػšӰһ£ջǰ̫ϳϽĻش˵˳
ãǾ㹻ˣȻȥɡ̫һ֪Լڵλãôһоͺðˡ
̫ӣȰ治Ҫðաʿȥ֮ǰȴͻȻô˵̫ӳ˼һ£ջǷ˷ڵĿջвû̫໳ɣϾԼһʿ
Ѿ̽ˣƿ̫ӻҲüͷһʵ


2376 ҹ̽
ѾŪҸ׵λˡ̫ӵ˵ͷɫҲе㼤
ûб¶ɣ̫ӾȻôѸٵŪ鱨ҲΪ죬Ҳǵĵʵ
ӦûУһ·Ҷûвʲô˸ҡ̫ɫصص˵ͷȻ֪һ¶ԼǷƶܵΣա
Ǿͺãȥһ񹬣Ҳغһһɫ
̫ӵ˵ͷҲڷ˸ط£ʼĿڲ֪ʵǶôҪԼ㹻ǿֻ䵽־棿
ƿ̫ӽ״̬Ҳ΢΢һЦ䲼˽ƣϢ¶ȥϾڵǿǲľԱ

ʱ̫ӵϿʼһһɫâ鲼ȫǲϵߣâĲߣ̫ӵϢҲ
һĻ΢΢һЦҡͷȻԵǾһ컯Σ
£ƻƣƱǸֳһŲľɫâȻûзκȴһε
Ǵ֮
ƿһ̫ӣҲǵֽеһâҲֱӵȥû̫ӵϣ
ݣ
ɫǴ֮ٶȺܿ죬ת۾ǽ̫ӵ֮У̫֮ͻȻػһںһӴ޷Ƶ
ҪҶһкô
Ҫ˫ۣȴ˷ƵĴһҲǼĿʼڵһǴ֪֮Ƿ͸һ컯
Ǵ֮ôҲǾ˾һĵزǽǳɹǴ֮
ƶõֻһź΢Ǵ̫֮ӽգһĻ̫ӵΪ仯һ
Ǵ̫֮ɫòϵ΢ӵһһε亹Ȼڳһַ˵ʹ࣡
ƽһжǿȴû˵ʲôһͷȥôԺ󼴱ܹŽ۵ĻᣬҲǾ԰ȥ
˴죬ڰʱ̫ϵâʼ𽥵ɢɫҲ𽥵ػָƽϢȴǸӵذࡣ
ৣ
̫ӶȻ˫â
ϲˣΪǾһСʱվܹԱҲЦеص
̫Ӵ״̬֮лعһԼڵ״̬ҲǼǰֻǸոս벽ۣԲ绹ңңڣǾƵһ컯һȻǷԼԼشһż
ۣԽȥǴ۵ľ磡
лл㣡һݣ
̫Ҳǲ֪ôˣ֪Լܹ仯ΪƵİҲֱӵع£ߵͷԱԼ⣡
ˣҲֻǿĵӲѡҡҡͷЦһ̫ôˣ͹¡
£ȴպҪõһ壬ضУ̫Ҳǹصӽ֮һΪᶨѣ
˺ˣЩȵ㸸ʾȳ˵˵Щδе֮硣̾һһ۴ɫѾ谵
Ҫô̫Ҳغһ˫ҲǱһֺɫ
šƵ˵ͷҲվ̫˫˫ػһҹ£Ӱһ㣬ֱӵ뿪˿ջڵķȥ
һ·ϣ˺ܶ񹬵ĻڷƵĿѹ֮£Ҳоյ񹬵ĸû˿Բ˵ټ
ȷûб¶ôɻʵ֪ΪΣ񹬵ƺǿࡣ
Ӧò⡣̫üͷҲǽ壬ҲǲԾˣʱ˻ȥô
ˣˣʹһ¿ҲŵһЦһ仰ȴû˵ı¶ˣǾͲҪֱӵ뿪
ŷƵΪһҪߣס̫Ӿ˵ˡ
̫ӵ˵ͷҲ֪Ƶ˼һΣգǷȥҲԹϾ֮ǰǿڿ֤Ǿûб¶ģ˵滹
󣬷ƺ̫ӱͬҹ飬ڱܹ˲ѲӵĻԼһЩ֮Ҳǽ֮У̫Ӵ·ȻԼҪһʱ͸ҲΪѡ


2377 м
Ϊ̫Ӷ񹬵һжΪϤԸǺķѲ˶ʱѾǵ׵һ·ȻûκλԼǰܹ
֮еλ̫ϳϢţȴûκηӦҲ÷һ
ǰ׵ȻѾıĲһҸϢǲ
̫Ӵһƣ˼ĿڵطƵ˵ͷ˴ʱӰںڰ֮УǵĲԶһڰİڡ
ָָǸڣҲʾ̫Ӹϣ˵Ҫ׵²ôףΨһһؽЩڣұҪ죡һĶȻͻᾪеĻʱıˡ
ȫϢѹֵһ£̫ӶΪ֮̾ƾǰһ˫ۣҪ׽ϢȴǸûκη֣һǾ㤣ǷƶֵĻԼôĶ֪
̫ˣ
ʱ̫ҲԼܹ£ΪԼѶǵˣֱǷǳǵѡ
ʵϣƲϢ䵽ΪͬһϵİڣҲڷһٶȳ֮ƵӰûпѾظ
һ·ϣƾֱֶӵؽʮڣֶ̫Ϊ֮㵣жԷƵҲԽԽֶ࣬ΣһΪˣجΡ
ԼĪʱ֮󣬷Ҳһ·ʮڣӽ׵ıԵֱڣЩûз֣ѾϢضǳ֡
ʱ䲻࣬ԼĪаʱЩҪл࣬ʱڵȻ񹬶У̫Ҳǰд
Ϊ񹬵̫ӣڻһУޱȵϤ֪Ǳ񹬣ǵʱֻаСʱֻܳɹʧܣ
Ƶ˵ͷ˾ȻϢǱ׵֮УЩȴɲ֪ʲô£ҲܹǣϾһΪǿҪǱǿҲʥΪôܹ
ʱƺ̫׵֮вϵѰ֮䣬ĻǺܶ࣬Ҳֱӵؽûд֡
Ʋ֪ǣǱ׵֮У񹬵ط˷Ӧһ谵ķ֮ڣ׷˹һҽǱĿڵϣڵȴʲô
ˡ׷˫¶һĨЦݵ
Ȼм£Ȼôûвһλ۾̫ϳҲǸ̾Ҫ֪׵ɭϣҲϢؾǱȥ
ԷһλĴڣǲܴݾߣٹʱͶ֣һҲǳһµҪڶԷΪиʱйȷԷ޷ܣ
ʱ᲻ֹɢ⿪׷Ҳüͷʱ̫ˣ㹻ܶ¡
εֹɢõģܹжߵϢţСʱһҲⲻȻӶԼĶҩġ
Ǿͺá׷ô˵Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ȴ֪պþΪһ㣬ɥʧһδûᣡ
ƺ̫Ǳ֮УȫȻǲ֪ԼѾǱ֮УΪ֮εĽƣһ˴׷˾ܲõ
Ӧþǰһ䷿档̫ӿһƺܣҲǶŷƵղնɱһҲǴĿе֪Ϣȷĸڵķ䡣
Ƶ˵ͷŵһ߶ȥ̫ǽûκηɣ˫۱ŷעܵһж
ǣȷûκλȴһ΢Ϣڣʱʱ֣Ӧþ֮
׵ĻѾǱˣаʱŽл࣬ǻʱ䡣̫Ҳǵ˵ͷ͵
ԣҲһʱ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
ƿ˷ţƺ̫ӶǿڷƽһˣԲѣϢȴǼΪ΢
ף̫ӿ֮ɫҲǱĪؼݺ֮Ȼǵ֮
غһ̽һȷѾûκǱڵΣ֮ҲǻؿӣֻɫҰףϢüΪ΢ȫûһλģ
ֹɢ򵥡ƿһۣо˴𰸣ΪֶԷڵƺţ
̫ĿɿڴȻֹɢʲô


2378 
֪㸸ڵе⡣Ҳüͷϸضһǻ֮е֮ɫҰףڵһ΢ٶڼ
ٶȣ˸޷ӦԲǼ򵥵ֹɢ
ô죿ûаգ̫ɫҲȭͷ̫ϳϣԼʲô
֪СʱӦ㹻ˡغһ£ԼҲûжİգֻǾһԣǵƾش֮뿪
ʱ׵ǻ滤ܹȻϢ뿪ǴһˣǸ£Ӳ
ң񹬻λڰλ̫ϳϣӲǲǵ顣
ãˣΪ㻤̫ɫҲصص֪Ļᣬܹͻ֮ôһҲܹˮ¥ʯҲٱ֮߱һʧܣȴĽһû֮ľ档
Ҳֻǰϣ˷ϣ˵֮е֮㹻ĸ׾ѡ
Ƶ˵ͷһҲһɫУԴһνǴ֮Լ塣
޷Ĵڣȴܹʱе㲻⣬ԶɹǴ֮Ҳһֱûʱ侲ȹ̾磬˵ȥڵ顣
Ҫ׼֣̫ҲȻ˺ͣ˷ſڴȻĻǱؽ˭֪᲻Ҫֹ
Сʱ˵಻࣬˵ٲ٣ֱӵؽɫӡ֮Ķͷ֮ϣʱ֮Ҳ΢΢س鴤һ¡
ãƿҲһµľԼֶζδ֪ĶЧǾӴˣȻڵɫּΪЧ
Ƭ̹ȥ֮֮ɫѾǺתˣԭҰ׵ӴʱѾ𽥵һ˿ɫȴٳûѹļ
ƽüͷ΢΢ر˫֮ڣһص֮ԵͬʱҲڲϵʴڵ
Ҫ֪֮λĴڣִܹڶΪ֮ɵľ綾ȻѰ֮
ڷƵĸӦ֮£֮ڵҲǱϤ֪ƿؿ֮֮һŻɫԲѵģȻŻɫ
Ȼڵɫʼ𽥵ӿȥ֮ڣȴֻȹ֮ŵҪѹеѶȡ
ôа취ô˫ȴ¶һüͷɫ̫Ҳһ
㸸׵ڣһŻɫĹڣ¸޷ѹ̾ͲʲôֹɢǲһЩĶȥԲ֮⣬ʴá
Щޣ̫˫ŭ̫ϳϾȻôԸĸףֱߵĳ嶯
侲ҾԣһǧҪ˴ŵңغһ£ҲҧһΣܹڰСʱ֮а֮ѹôܹеӭж⡣
ҪưԼҲǶĽȥˣΪһ֮ƣôԼ͸޷ֳ۲Χڹ֮вűš
ֻʱ䣬ûκ˷׵ĲףȻ롣
ãңǸҲñ˿ȥ̫Ҳ¶׺֮ɫûеѡ飬ھͺͷתȥܹԼĸײô
ȻˣȻҲѡԽƴԼҲҪȫԼĸף
Ƶ˵ͷҲûκγɣڰСʱѾǲˣԱҪֶ룬Լһּɵǽϴ̫ˣȻںͰڣǿǲκϰ
ĿǰֻǾΪֱӵر˫ʼԼ֮ڵɫʼع֮ڣҪĨЩɫ
ʱڷڵľɫǴ֮ȴҲȻתɫһ֮ڣһҲǳ˷ƵϣԼûжǴ֮ôҲ
Ǻܿ죬֪ˣҲ¶㵵ɫ


2379 Ҫͷ
ɫǴ֮ڽ֮֮ڣƺ֮Ĺһ㣬Ȼõ֮ڵĳѾõٶת
״Ȼ÷Ʋ첻ѣҲǻԼ̺Ǵ֮Ȼ֮ڵȴԵȻһȼģȴͬԴŻ˹ǰһ컯̫ࡣ
֮ڵϵغŷڵǴ֮ƾϲط֣һ֮֮̾Ļɫƺ¶˵ӵͼķӦҪľЧ΢΢һЦҲǷӦ¼ӴȣϵعԼڵɫžɫǴ֮˫˫һ
ЧҲģڲԶ̫ҲǸоõԼĸϢ𽥵ѹҲǲɵ¶ϲɫ
ԼĪһ£ĸӦʱѾǷ֮һŻɫѾǿʼ𽥵Ҳ޷֮κ˺
ȥĻ¸ò˰ʧܹȫĨɫӶ֮ѹ
Ƿȴû뵽ǣ֮ڵ𽥵ת䣬񹬵һطȴסˡ
谵ķ֮ڣȻ˫㵵ص⣡˽⿪ҵľ綾
׷һҲǱѹǲؿʲô¡
׻ʣ㲻˵ֹɢ˿ɽô׷ɫҲǳ׵һǱе㲻ˡ
Ҳ֪־綾һǿ߽ҵģеĽҩ˿ɽ⣬ô£Ϊ׻ʵ̫ϳɫҲǱòÿ
ǻʲô̸ȥ׵Ļ䣡һ̫ϳҲǳڲϹȥĻôһ֮չôǵļƻȫˣ
Ҫ֪һĹغ֣ΣǳǧĻӵֻ֮Ҳǹ̫ϳϵһȶ֣֮Ҳ޷񹬵Ļ
׻ʺ׷һۣҲǵ˵ͷҲǸԵ˵ͷôȥһ֮ѹԼ˵ļıɾǱҴˡ
Ѿ֪һĻһصڣ֮ѹĻƾλܹѹˡ
£ӰҲ͵سȥ񹬵ϿգǻѲӵ׵濴ȥûκβףϸƽʱЩİڣʱѾϢȫޣ
һȺ׻ҲҧǱˣЩȴ˿޷
׷һλ̫ϳϵɫҲǺòȥ׷׵˽ƣȻǸҲ޷ѾܹϢǱ롣
׻ɫֵشһڰ֮貵ʢ̻һѤһĻ¾Ѿ񹬣
ѲӻڰĻǷ׷ۼλ̫ϳϵߣ
׵ѾǱ룬Ⱥ˾Ȼ֪׻ŭһȺǶӣ֮¶һĨ𾪣ǿȫûвǱ롣
񹬽߶Ƚ䱸磬һ˳룡׻Ҳֱӵط׵𽥵ӿһĨɱ⣬һ̫ӻ֮ǱҪ
£񹬶Ǳ񹬵Ϸһ貵ĹĻƼ̲ɴݣһĿҵƣ˵ǿ赲𼶱ڵȫһ
񹬵ı䶯ȻҲ׵֮е̫ӶȻؾӴҹճֵһ貹Ļе¸ֳһֲͷ
ãѾˣ̫ҲǵҲǲ֪ô£ʱûԷѾǲˣǵļƻ
ڴͬʱǿޱȵϢ𽥵ؿ׵Ȼλ̫ϳϣ
ģһˡ̫ӵɫ࣬սȭͷ˷ǽ˫ĸ֮ȴûκѹļ
ӴϢ𽥵ؿ̫ӵɫȷ𽥵ƽӷ¶һɵЦݡ
֪϶޷λһλۣܺˣ
µҲûлתˡһ
̫ӵɫȫʼ񱩵ӿ֣𽥵ӿһЩ貵âԼشоɫȴǺΪϸĲ޷֡
֪֮У̫ԼûвԼΪƿƺǳһ˿ɶļ


2380 ԡѪս
ƽʱ̫ӱȻ˷̱ܵչǴʱԵȴͷȻҲǿˣͻƾ磿ΣȲԼ׵
̫ӻƣһ貵âУγһ߳߳ͷһԼĸףҲǴЦݣֱӵƿ˳ȥ
ӳλ̫ϳϣֻ̫Լһˣ
׻ʿ̫ӵĳ֣ҲͣӣĬ
ÿҲĨɱԼĺ󱲡׻ĮȻص̫ӣҲϧһΪţȴҪվԼĶ档
λ̫ϳϣҪȥǾɱҰɡѾǿ͸̫λһλۣûĵӣɫƽص
Ҫɱ㣬Ǿֵָѡ׻ҡҡͷ̾Ϣĸ׶̲飬ǴӦˣҲݱɽ־档
̫û˵ɫΪ侲еâʱڲϵԾҫ۵âڱ̫ӴʱǱסӿɱ⣡
ǵģɱ⣡̫һ벽۾ĴڣȻλһλ۵ʱ򣬱Լɱ⣡
׽ܣɱ׻ûκαʾ׷ﻺǰĿȻ׵֮У̫ӵǰΪּĴڣûаһ벽۷ڣ
Ϊ׽ܵһλ̫ϳϣҲĵ̾ϢһҪֶɱһԼĺ󱲣ȷһ˿¡
ҪͼҸһʹ졣׽ޱص
̫ӳĬ˫ض׻ʺ׷ˣڲϵǰûаڣλĿ̫ڵҲǿʼǱѹһ㣡
׻ʺ׷ֱӵԽ̫ߣܹ׵֮У̫Ҫˣ
ϽҶ
Էλƣѹס̫ӣȻ̫Ŀ飬Ѿǲϵеâڲϵҫ۵Ĺâ
һ£ֻҪһ¶ã̫ų˫ֱýģ׻ʺ׷ȫԼһ̣췢һ
еĳˣһ̣񹬶ǱһĪ֣һһĽâҹգڼٵس׻ʵĺ󱳣
䣡
ڰҹȴǶȻһâǶҫ磡һĪϢõǶǷ
Ǵ
̫ӾȻͷ˷λѹͬʱȻҲΪƿƣ˽Ǵ
׻΢΢̧ͷϢĪأҲ̾Ϣϧˡ
һûںһλ벽ϺţôҲһλˣ
׻˵ĿϧΪ̫ӵͻƣѡԼվһôվͲ䵽³˽۵ǴջԼϣ
ˣ
׻ʵ濪ʼ͵ظһâ鲼󱲣һ˲飬̫еһҲǴ̳ȴǱӲסˣ˿޷벽
̫ӵϢʼÿ˫Ҳǳһַ֮ɫȻ֪ԼʱѾ˽۵Ǵܲôֻ࣬һӣһӣ
֮Ҳԣ
׻һ̫ӵǶȻصǱһʲôӴһ㣬صԶ
̫ӲϵؿȳѪڵ׻֮ľ̫󣬸ԷһǲܳܣֱӾˣ
ȴɲڵܿϧڵأûа취ٶվ
ʱҹ֮ϣ۵âϵ֣磬µϢ֮ǴҪµļ
׽ܣʲô֣׻һҲŭ׽ܵ˵ͷȻ̣ҪɱȻǴһҲǻܵ
ջô̫ӵڵϣǵѪϵض׵Ҳ𽥵ؾܹѾǾˡ
ͷϵǴ̫ӲҵһЦ֪ԼɣҲû˷˼
ǾȻҶҶӣҾͷ
ȻʱһһҲǴ񹬣Ǹǹҹ֮з
׻ʺ׷ɫ͵һ䣬֮Ȼѹˣ
õϤ̫ǲ԰׵ҲǸһĨЦݣƽڵϣջǳɹˡ
䣡
һµϢֱӵش׵֮ӿ񹬶Ϊ֮


2381 
һȫâӰȻ֮
׻ʺ׷˵ɫȻرüΪѿ¿ɲˣ
䣡
Ȼڴʱҹ֮ȴǽһ貵Ҫ˺Ƭһ㣬µĿȻ˵̫ӣ
֮¾ǲԼӵǴޱ˸ȥ̫ӵߣȻӲذ̫ӵֵһǴ
סùҡ̫ӿѪص¶һĨҵЦݣҡҡͷ
Ǵһ˵£֮ǿвֵĻ۵
ӣѾ㹻ˣ֮ͬӲҲ˫Ŀʪôӣ򸴺
ûᣡɱ׻ҲǷصʱ֣֮ô¾͸ûлᣡ
ǸңϲģΪҲҶ֣¶ң߸Ҷӣǻ̫ϳô֮ҲӸһĨŭ⡣
׻ʣ׷׽ͼıλ߱ɱ峤̻ɱ
֮Ǵ񹬣õеĻһ㶣⾿ô£ôһֵλ̫ϳˣȴûκγɣֱӵΧס׵ֻһĿλ̫ϳϣ
䣡
ʱҹ֮вϵǴķȻһεǴҪ٣
֮ɫҲǱ࣬ȥĻҪôԼĶӣȥԸλ̫ϳϣҪôӲŵףλͬʱֵĻҲŲ˶ã
ףְɣùҡ̫ҡҡͷѾǿ޾塣
ڣڣ˭붯ҶһëˣҲУ
丸ӣ̫ӵԸ㣬Ϊ׵֮Ȼˡ
ʱһЦȴǴ֮ЩͽҰɣȥʱһλ̫ϳϼɡ
ʱһӰش׵֮߳׻ʵ΢Уһλµǿߣ˭
ݣλ̫ϳϰ˼⣬֮ô˵ҲɫһϲǾͶлˣ
ŷƵĳ֣֮Ҳܹڳ˫Ըλ̫ϳϣԼĶӣзڣȫģϾԼڵľ綾ܹ
Цеؿһλ̫ϳϣ֮ҲһĨɭɫȴûж֣̫ӵߡ
Ҫ˵ҪǴҪԼȥɹ΢΢һЦ̫ӵļҲĽȻײѾ˽ż
ҪңڵѾ̫ˡ̫ҲǿЦû˱Լڵơ
΢΢һЦȴû˵֮ٶȸֳһɫɫ̫ӵ֮ʱõ̫ڵƷ˾˱仯
⡭⡭̫Ӿ㵵ؿԼƣȻһ־˵ٶȬţ̫˷˼
׻ɫ䣬ȻûϵƾȻֶΣһ¿ɺˣԭƻõȫһƻˣ
㵽˭׻ʲĵҧʵ
ԽҷƣȻҲԽ̧֮ͷ¶һ޺Цݡ
һ仰ȴ׻͵һ˵֮е֮Ȼǳô£
ߣ׻һ֪Ҳûκ壬ıȫΪƵĳֶƻȻвʣ֪ٲߣ͸пûлˣ
ߣûôס֮ЦЦָҹյ񹬵ĽѾǱҿƣΪл뿪
һ仰һ¾λ׵ģ¿ɺˣҪסƵˣȴû뵽סԼ
ǾͶְɣ׷Ҳҧ֪ûлתĿܣҲҪֳ֮ٳƣ
ǰδ̫򵥣̫֮ϳȴֻλ֣Ҫɱ֮
׽ܣǷƳ֣ûֻǴ۵ľ磡׻Ҳһ۾ǿ˴ʱƵϢԶԶûǿ
׽ܵ˵ͷҲ˲ŷƳ֣׻ʺ׷Ƕ֣֮
ڳ׽ܣûκξţֻǵһЦִ̧һɫǴ֮õ׽һ֮ϣǳһ
Ҫ֪Ƶ̺Ǵ֮׽ܿӦҪ׽Ըƣǲܵ飡
ʱ̫ϵҲǻָƽʱһǸΪ۷壡


2382 Ĩɱ
̫ӻָҲǻɿ֣վ֮еƣЦʣµľͿԼԽȥʸƬص۷壬Ծȥֻһѻ
ʱ̫ƼΪ磬ԼڵҲǾػָҲЦŵİɣһȫ
Ƶ˵ͷٶ̫ӵߣȻһǴٶȽٶ£ôǸӿ£Ȼ̫ӴʱǴԶԶûԼľżǴǰ£ҲСӡ
סȥںǴջ񡣡ҲصһЦת뿪һλ۳֡
̫ԭأһ仰ˣںǴԼز׽һ˿ʲôҲЦֱӵضǽٶµǴȥ
Ķҡƻ߹ɫ׽ܵ
׽غһû˵ʲô˲֣ʱ˵ٶҲùΨֵ·£
׽ܵĹƣ΢΢һЦҲûκεӣ濪ʼӿЩɫâ鲼ȫһ飬׽ܺȻ֣
ʱ񹬶Ǳλλۣһ۵ĳѾ񹬵ĻǾסˣڷ裬Ǵ֮ڱڵҪ˺֮һУ
Ȼһˣܹ֮ݵԣǴ֮һƸΪƴ
ʱʱӿһĨɫĹâǷڷӵоżǴ֮ͱһĴۻҪǿҲ˿Կ
׽ֻλ۶ѣԷʤ㣬ȻʱƿؿȥȻǳ־֮ƣȴǼΪʱһãôȻǻܣ
û·
׽ҲǷţÿһιþȫɱ֮ƣҲҪһЩˣ
֮ǱߣҲǺ΢֮λλλҲΪȴܹʱ䣬ֻҪһսܹ뵽
ͬ׻ʺ׷ҲǲֲȻҲƴȫ֣ò˵λλ֣ǵƣ֮Ҳòݱܷâ
ϧ֮ѹһ˲䣬־Ѿעˡ
ûжã׽ܱһҽһ貵âڿг֣նɱ׽ܣ׽ҲҪƴԱѷˮ
ȴСƵķ̺Ա÷˲ᣬת֮£Ƭ̣ϵƱǾʧ
һ۰֮У̫ԼǴ֮ǿһ֣ܲȻǺ̫ӣ
ԷڴϢƬ֮Ҳûκεسɣֱӵؼ֮ߵս֮У
ŷƵļӽ΢ƽʱǱƣƾܹ֧֮һʱ䣬֮Ƕ׻ʣֻҪ֮׻ʣôһεǳ׵Ļ
׻ʲĵŭأͲһȴǱͻȻزֽ³׵Ťת˾棬ҲǴǡ
׻ʣȻҪִԲô֮սһ㣬Ʊˣ׻ʸǵֵ̫ãѾ·磬֮ȴһֱûкĶ֡
ܿܣҲûʲô˵ҪɱϤ㣡׻ʵҲӲ
αأͬһ壬αҪɱ֮Ҳ̾ϢһҲǱȻ׻ʲ֣ͣôҲûֵ壡
ʱ֮׻ɣ
Բһλ֮׻ʵ³׻ȫ޵壬֮Ҳҡͷ̾Ϣֹ
׻ʵ䣬׷ҲǸӻˣܹѹסƣʱΪľңȻԼ÷ռϷ硣
׷סְɣҲɱ֮ͬˡ֮ҲҡҡͷȻƽ£һʧ̫ˣѾȥһλһλۣЩɶһĵ̰
׷ɫҲǱò԰ף֪Լ죬ҲǷ˵ֵܼ򵥡
һЩ֪顣ƿ׷֣ͣҲûнŶ֣ǵص
׷￴ŷƣ̾һ㶼֪ˡ
׷˵ܹȵͬıȻƫš֮ҲԱҡҡͷ̫޴ˣΪõȵİܹһô
˼ҿľͷһأ˵ĲֻӶѣϯֶ֮УѰ·ҲһֱҪԵԭֻϧûвһ㣬־档


2383 ȫ˵
֮ûж׷֣һĮȻ׷ôҲ̫ϳϣΪȾܹһô
׷ɫҵҡҡͷ˵ٶҲûóܿܣˣô򵥡
֪һУĻҲһЩǿֶԸ㡣ɫûκα仯һ֮ڵ鲻ȤҲûд֣֮԰æһжΪ塣
׷̧ͷŷɫ֮оȻԼһ˿Ҳ˵Ǹǿң
׷֮¾ŭѾľˣȻǲ׷̬ȣκ˶ƵĿ֮
ԡƹһЦҲǸһɫâϵ£ſµľϢõ񹬶ǳ׵سһֿ񱩵Ϣ
һηûκαԼȫǴ֮ǵɵѹƣȫǰûκοɱ֮
׷ڵĿؿŴʱ˿̵ķƣ֪ΪΣȴһУܹõҪԸ»ֶΡ
׷˵ɣˣɻλ򣬽Ƿƽ٣٣п޴ΪΪһ嶼Ǵ𣡡
֮Ҳ̾һͷ̫ʢò˵ðɵλһ½֮л˭ܹ赲ˣ
ҷȰ㻹˵Ȼֻֿԡ΢΢һЦһĨĻȣûа취ȡˣɲյǸ壡
׷ԣף˶ǳĬȷƾһƣѾüλ򵥣ο廹λ
ӦһҾ˵׷Ҳҧȴǣ塣
ڣһڣҲ֪ʲôҲǸһŵ仰һ֮׷ﶼǻһ
֮̾һƾŷ仰彫Ȼ𣬵ƾڰĻݣ޷ԸȰѰ½̫ˡ
ã仰ұһж㣡׷Ҳһ˷֤պҲõ廹һʲô
Ƶ˵ͷ̾Ϣһ˾ǿƣԸһĻô½ˡ
֪һĵ׻ж壡ƳʵҪĻӰ쵽ԺһЩߡ
㲻֪׷ﲻɵһ£Ʋ֪Ļôҵһͷϣ
֪һ֡ҡҡͷ׷Ҫͼʲô֪Ĳ٣һηһ˳֣λѾǶӦһңһһͲˣ
÷ô˵֮͵һٵĻǺǲ룡
׷ӳžֵɫƽֱʱ֪ӦЩǿ߲ƻǶô޴һ¡
ԭΪ֪˭õѾһЩ飬֪һЩ׷Ҳҡҡͷ̾Լ֪ȫ˵
׷ǰԼ֪ȫ˵꣬ʱҲ˳˼֮У׷˵ټԼ֪ģһ֮УССһٸ
Ҿ֮ǰ嶼Ϣز˸˿
֪Ѿ˵ˣҪɱҪϤ㣡׷￴ɫҲгΣ֪ԼΪǷƻ֮Ȼ޷
Ľ֡
û˵Ҫɱ㡣ƻ̧ͷȴˣ׷סˡ
Աߵ֮Ҳһˣλ̫ϳѾ׷һҲǲԸ׷֣Ͼɶһĵ̡
֮֮ǰҲѰ˼һҪִɱ׷ǲϧóһЩнֻҪƲ׷ּɣû뵽Ȼ˵ɡ
ȻҲɱ㣬Ϊ˵áɫƽؿ׷⣬Ȩң֮
׷þõؿŷƳĬ̾һƺ̺޾ϧ
ռ㣬ұȻӦȡ׷ɬһЦƸĸоҪȸΪΣա


2384 
ҰӦ׷ﲻ޴֮ˣ˼һ£Ҳ֪Ƶͼ
ûЦŵ˵ͷҪľӪЧѴ󲿷ֵ嶼һһȥֻҪһС־㹻ˡ
ƣҪԿȣڰ½ĻȻ޾壬뵽½һЩ壬ҪԼĿġ
׷֮¾Ӳ˾֮ɫ־ٶɾǵҪȵĶһ
㶺ˣҪԿȣܳɹô
֪Ļȵŭô׷ʵƼֱ̫ˣԭѰ˼ƾ֪һ飬ҪľƽϢһ°½鷳ȴû뵽˸
ȣЦҡҡͷûж˵ʲô˵ĸҪ֣͵Ǳ븶һЩۣȻպ˭ΪǸӣһ£ʲôã
׷غ˼£֪ٶĵڷϿһǿţǸǰ۷壬ڳûʮ֮ٶѣ
ܾҲûлᡣ׷ҲǺʶȤؿЦһӦƾ;Բ֣ˣƻİ취Ҫ֪뵽һμƻɲ
ЦܴӦʡ£׷̲飬ҲֻǺĶ֡
ҴӦ㣬ϣӦҵҲܹ׷غһڷƵļƻӵǵһĽ
ģҴһˣΪصһЦƻҲżֶȷΪʱһֺܺõĻᡣ
׷ĵ̾ϢһҲǵ˵ͷӴ֮󣬲Σһ嶼ǳΪ˵еһӣ岻ùôһ³Ҳǲùһ·ƵľٶǰЩ峹׵ͬһս֮ϡ
ҲҪ㱯ۡƿһ֮׷ЦһεļƻǻӰ쵽½δĸ֣˫ĵĽ׶ΣѡվǱġ
ûдֻҪƵһ֣Ȼǻ԰½ĸֽһܴĳһԸ壬ƻܷŹô
ȿ϶ûԸģҪѹ壬ĿǰѾûпܵģ׷Լزʧܣô˵ûκʧ˵ɾһƽ٣
ҵʱ򣬰½ĸֽϴƣôֻҪֿܹסȵĳܹʶ½Щ谭ǰ嶼ᱻһһظ
仰˵һɹԼ۷壬ôˣǸӹ嶼ĵõĻ
ԴȵȣЩʱ򶼻ڸǿǰҪѡȷһ
֮̾һȵǿҵҲһĻΪһ峤ҪӴֳ뵽֮УԾܾ֮ҲûиѣҪ
Ϊλ̫ϳϵǿжȨҲñһ峹׵ؾƺֻѡվڷߣ
ȻˣһҲ޿ˡ֮ҲǿЦŵŷƵɫ𽥵رأԼƷǰһŹֵĶͳд
֮ģǧΪͬ˹ϵͬΥһǾ׷գ
һ£Ҳû뵽֮ȻǻģҲǿЦҪҪô¡أ΢һ㡣
ƣһΪԣİɣԺһͻʵѣ׷ҲԱ߽͵ͬйϵǰһڿԼڵƣȫ˵ɲǿЦģһεҲǾԲٳ֡
Ե˵ͷҲǻԼƣԼظЦҴ壬лͬ壡
ֱʱվһ𣬶ҲǾˣԼ齨һ˵뷨Ҫʵʩ˵Ҳ뵽ˣͳΪˣ
ϲǼˣȻڷ˴ֻѡҲѵõĬһЦ
һ˭׷ҲȻصҲǲ²⣬һһ˵ȥġ
һ壬ǵһҲԲһƲõһЦ˱Ȼ½


2385 һ仰컯
ˣһڷȫµպȻǻϯ½
ĪǷˣ
ƵҰҲ㹻УҪһǰδеĸ߶ȣǡǳΪһܹȣִ˲֪õĹ
Ȼ⻹ǺңԶ֪ԼֻǲϵŬȥʵĿ꣬Ϊϼ縺̫ࡣ
ʱ񹬵ҹҲǱΪ۵â͸񹬵ĽƣµĲϯǣ
Ǵ񹬵ĽƺҲûκεصֿܣ֮˼һ£ԾȥһƣԼĶȥһǴ
ʱ̫ӣҲǻǰδеϢŴʱ֮вϷƣ𽥿µϢҲʮֵԼһֻҪȥôʸܹΪ֮۷壡
ȻҲʸѣһжÿ컯
ܳŹȥô֮ҲĿ¶ǵɫŴʱҹգǴҪݻһУΪһˣܹоĵʱԼĶǴԶڵԼľ
֮УοҲŵǣһԵǴԽǿôԺĵ·ǿߵøԶ
ǵǣԼĶǷǷܹŹȥһһǴ
޷ԵġԱصһЦ֮ȴǶ̫Ÿǿġ
֮ԣһƵɫҲǳ˸л֪ԼܹѹȫΪƵʱܹ˵̫ܹŹȥôһԣ
䣡
ҹ֮еƶѹһ㣬еƶʧһɫ׺Ȼ£֮ռ䱻˺ѣεĿռ籩ڳͣԶķƵ˶ǲ̺Ŀ
ɷǴȻǴ֮¶ֵɫȻҲǶɫΪϤΪһأһһλǴǺɷǴ
𣡡
Ƕ̫һĵŭȥһɷǴ֮УŬضţ
Ա΢΢һЦȴҲǲ˵ʲôԼľżǴǸΪֲһɷǴܹʲôǴܲȥô̫Ҳ̫ʧˡ
ɫûһУ̫ӵӰɼǿ񱩵Ϣɴڣ֮ǻΪ̫ѾŲס
Ƭ֮󣬶ȻشӺɫ֮һĨɫâ
֮ͫ׶ȻؿһĨΪ΢ľɫâתڷƵϣǵɫȻͬǳſ񱩵Ļ֪֮֮յ϶ʱںɷ֮гֵһĨɫâ
ˣڿԷˡ΢΢һЦһĨɫâĳ֮ҲЦؿ֮
֮һ£ˣ
ԣƬ֮󣬰֮ǲϷĿǴ֮ʱȴ𽥵ƽϢҹҲµػָ˺ڰ̫ȴûа㶯
һźɫףƺȫҹ֮УγһӼһĴڣȻʱ̫Ӿ棡
̫ʲϲ֮ˡҲתЦеص̫Ӳò˵ʵ˵ãԼ㲦һ䣬ȴû뵽ܹ
ղźɷǴֵ֮һĨɫâǷǰ̫µһżǴ֮и̺Ψе̫ΪΣյʱŻá
ײ֮£ȴڰһɷǴʱã⵹Ҳǳ˷ƵϣΪǰûв²õ̫ӻΪ͸ǽ˽׶Ρ
ڶԷǴ֮ǰ˵öԷһںǴܹ֮Ȼã仰Ҳûָ̫ܹϾÿһ˶̫Ӵʱ˿ȴˣ˺ɷǴǿʼ𽥵ںǴ֮
Ҳ˵̫պǿŷͬһɹ̫ӾܹǴ֮
ȻֻǺɷǴ϶ǱȲϾżǴҲǼΪˣǴȫµһ·һʱҲǿͬİ취
Ƶһ仰ȴһһǿߣ˵һ˵ЧΪȺ˱ԵڶԿ췣Ǵӵкܴơ
ԼĪǰʱҹ֮еĺɫǴҲȫʧ̫ӵӰҲʾȻʱãѪۣɫ֮ȴ͸¶һֿϲ


2386 ʦ
ɹˣ̫ջǳɹذǴΪĵڶۣҲǼ̷֮һ۳֣
ͬһεǴ٣úܶ˵Ĺע˭ھɣı仯Ѿ޷ĥˣͬһʱ֮£Ȼǳλۣ
΢΢̧ͷƽҹգȴ˳˼ƺǲҹձǷһ˫۾ڸŲ
ڽˣ
֮Ҳ̫ӵĿЦ֮ҲЦúܲã̫νһϣֻҪպ󲻳ʲô⣬һλܹػһǿڳ֣
̫ӴӰ֮˸ʱȻңǿԿĿĵ˺ۣ˿޷ӿֳĽԼԺ
áááͻƾͺãһˡֵ֮Ц£죬ûʲôԼĶӻ˾޴ɾ͸ġ
Ҳһ΢Цؿ̫ӣЦصѾǴˣ
ʱ̫ϣһ˼ɵĲֲŷϵĺƣȴԶԶûзƵǿҲ֮ĺ׷ע⣬Ҳüͷ˼⵽ô£
ɹˡ̫ӲһЦԼƣȴǶȻسһźɫ֮ԼЩâֵ֣һ˲䣬֮׷ɫ͵һ䣬ǿǴһ˿־壡
⡭Ǵ֮
ģ㵽ʲô⡭ǺɷǴ֮΢زͬһ㣬ǴΪµļ֮һ֣ԼĶȴ
ţȷе˵ֻһֵĺɷǴӵҲǲСˣ֮ͬУҲûʲô˸˵ܹ濹ˡЦŵ˵ͷ̫еһźɫҲΪص˵ͷ
ûа취ҵѾ˼ޣټȥ̫ҲǻɢȥԼеĺɫεЦղûȫеĺɷǴֻѡԵһ֣ΪԼڵ
֮ʱֱǾˣô˵ԼܹյǴ֮ΪƵԭ򣿵뵽ڵһ־ɫλҲǲɵôһƾһôӵĹ
Ǵ岻ʲôô׷̫ӵı仯ͬҲǾ㵣ܿ뵽ֺǴ֮ǺεȵذԵȻֱ̫ӵɹ᲻ʲô
ĳȻҪȥĳֲΪ֪ʹʧȥһЩʲôЦҡͷɹǴǾһ֮£̫ӱϰԵǴѰ˶ǸҪܹ׳ܡ
ܼⷬ򵥣˵̫Ǵ֮ʲôҲøǱ֣֮ȴΪƣӲػôһ컯
ȵȡ˼˵Եˣʣ֮͵̧ͷе˻ƵصĻôԺһֵĴۣǣ
̫򵥡ҡҡͷ֮˼Ҳףʱȴ¶һɫǿУһҲԵɺڣˣҲһ֤ܹͬɹ
÷ô˵֮˼һ£ҲǾ̫ʵô׵ĻպһǳһЩƿǴ֮Ĵۣ
붼ÿֲǲȡԼܵһУҲ֪ǴͲһ׵£ɲÿ˶Ǻڡ
̫Ӵʱصһ׸գԼϵҲǱϴˢǻԵ֮½ľ磬ƿһѰ޷̶̼Ĵ䣬ľ˺ܴı仯
̫ͻȻ¶һɫŷֱӵؾǹȥ
ҲҪ̫ӵ־ٶҲǰѷƸһһδ̳ˣԼ¹򴫳ȥɺͳ
֮׷Ҳһ£Ҳ뵽̫ҪʲôҲ¶˻ĵЦݣûн
ʦ̫ˣûаѷƸһͽܣǿЦô
ƿЦҡҡͷҲǴ۾ˣ˵ƽΪʦ⴫ȥĻЦô
̫ȴҡҡͷ̬쳣ؼᶨ
Ȼһļ̳ˣһ֮Ƕ˵İܴǿ˵ûĳ֣Ҹн죬ˣ̫նص


2387 ͽ
ƿЦ˵⡭ôͻȻðһͽܣеѿˡ
ƣҿˣ̫£ļӾͿԡ֮Ҳǳһ£һеķȻ֮ҲϣͨϵܹͷƽӳԶĹϵ
ƳĬǹµ̫ӣҲǵ˵ͷΪεصãǾ㣬ֻӣ˵ʵʦһû
ƵͷȻֻһӣ̫ҲǳϲɫҲǻش˵ЦˣʦˣƾһֿǴ֮˿ɱȡ
һ֣СӿеǴķɣʦء
÷ô˵֮ҲǹЦô˵ںͷƵĹϵ̫ӵڣôպ½ܵϴƵĻôһԻø棡
̫ҲǺٺһЦӺԣ˵ʵʦҪȥģ
΢΢һЦһѾˣôȻҲһĿ꣬ʱ䲻࣬ȻҲҪ춯ϵʱҪȻЩ˲Ͳˡ
֮һ£ҲǵͷϾһĹϵֻʱܶ⹫ΨеȵѶʱ򣬲ʹѸ¡
Ҫȥ壿Աߵ׷ҲҲɻʵ
Ƶ˵ͷ˭֪Աߵ̫ӳ˼һ£ȴ̧ͷЦʦҸһȥɣһԼݣ֪Ҿһ̫ӡ
һҪҡͷܾʱԱߵ֮ȴǵƣҲһ취
ԭ֮лĴ㣬ȻһѾǱգϢûдȥЩȹһ塣
˼ǣüͷҲԼز²ص
û籾ȥ֮Ϊһ峤ĻȻҲеģЦŵ׷˵жҲǱȶǿ߶֪ǽЩ£Ҳ⴫ʹȥǼԴ⣡
̫Ӹߣƣ̫ѾǱɱˣ׷Ҳ֪֮˼ҲǳƬ̣ŵ峤ǿԼװŻԣһĻҲʲôġ
ôһ˵ǰҲһôĻȷŲСЧ׽ܺ׻ʵʬʱҲǵǵص׻ʺ׽Ѿˡ
⣬ǽӴң׻ʺ׽ܣҿԶ׻ʺ׽ˣѡ˱չء׷ɫҲһĨΣǵҲǲᷢչز
еͨƵ˵ͷϸһ£ҲǱȽ׵ȻǵĶ̫ˣǴǴĲ˱Ȼǳġ
ֻܹͣ˵ùȥ
̫Ҫ»ȳ֮ȴǱ֣ͷǴȴʧˣǴ֮У֮ѹ֮ҲǱ׻ʺ׽شٶУ׻ˣ˱չ֮У
֮Ϣȥܹͽ񹬵һУʱ̫͸Լ뿪ȥ֮ҲٶһʱӹȨ׷̫ϳϣ
ǺãҾʹ̫һߣȵ֮һϣƵҲİصʵ̽һǸɳǿߣǵݾߣҲֻա
ʮ߷ɹɾöԷļƻʧһ룬ʱǿƣ嶼ۿǱȼǣơ
Ƶʱ򣬿ֱӵ׳˷ˣЩ壬ʱ־ͼѶˣ
ƣһұ㣬֮еЩǰ壬ÿһǲСӣ֪ǰѾǱ̬Ҫʣ̬ģɣƺҪʱ˭Ҳ˵ᷢʲô
׷ҲŷƵҪҪעһǰ壬˵ǰȫǿͳ½ڵĵҲǲСԲ硣
İɣǵĵƣȻҲԼĵƣϲƣݹ顣΢΢һЦ۴Ŀд
һ仰ȴ׷֮ǻһ𣬿˷ƵҲǱù塭׻˶٣ǾԲѾչʾе
һڰ֮ͻŽ


2388 һĹ
ڶ죬ƾǺ̫Ȼ뿪֮мû˲Ȼ񹬵Ķܴ󣬵ǵڶ׷ȴʽƹһ壡
Ȼ۷׷ףǴڹ۵ʱҲû̫ľȣٽļҲû¶ʲôһ;Ͼһжʮ֮֮ϡ
ƺ̫Ѹٵظ·˵װ缸Ƕһȫ˺ɫĶ֮£һ㣬ٵǰĿһ֮أ
һһ֮ĲԶȫ·ҲǲҪһʱ䡣
½ļ֮أһ򣬵ſµһƬľۼأһΪ˶һ塣
еһÿսʿأǴ֮еյȴҲһ˲࣬ͬҲǿס
ʦһǼʶһ֮ͬʵȴźܴĲ̫ͬһ߸·Ҳһ߽͵ص
кβͬҲ̧ͷʵ
һ̺ԵȻ󲻶ϵ׳һպ෴ǵھһ޴֮ƽնԵݵ̫֮ҲǸԼ֪ش𵽡
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶˾㵵ɫ⵹е޷⡣
ţһ˲ҪôΨһҪľԼ岻ϵ¸ڶսʱõҲ̫֮ӵ˵ͷ
΢΢˳˼Ƭ̧֮ͷô˵һսʱһΪ֮ݽˣǾ׸ô
̫ԣҲǿЦصʦδ̫ˣ֮ô׶Ը˵ܶ嶼Ըһ򽻵Ϊƿص֮޾ģʱݽߣһصǵ֮ڣҪָҲֻƬ֮¡
ô˵Ʋ΢΢࣬ô˵ĻֻҪ֮صĻôЩһ֮ߣ
Ļǻô
ƶһҲеȻںܾ֮ǰ彨ͬ˵ĹϵҲһֽŵ£ʱпܻԼͬһȴڱӦȲԸһ
νˣҲѡ
һȥ֮أеС鷳ܲ󶯾ͲҪ󶯾Ļ֣Ҳֵط硣̫ӵɫһĨɬɫ
ţƺǶһϤƳһ̫ӣ֮ҲһЩɻ󣬰˵һһ̫֮ңԶ̫ӵƺϤһһУ
̫ӵɫеΣ˼һ屾缸ǰһй֮£Ҹյ̫ӵλãԷһĹʲôţûгɹһѾͷƲҡ
ԣһЦ˳Źֵؿ̫ӵʶ޷ʤһĹеͷ
ȿȣǻҲǸոսʥף˵һĹȡԼȻǲ͵͵ǰȥһ֮أһʱ䣬ҪǸһĹǷôţ档
أҲ̺һĨЦ⣬´̫ӣͻȻؾһԽԽ˳ˣĪΪԼľơ
̫ӿЦʱһĹѾǰ벽۵ΪѾʼӹһ壬ҵݰ¶ˣҲֻǻظϻ

֮󣬺ûûεЦõ̫ɫһٳ죬Ρ
ˣЦ㡣ǿеЦ⣬΢΢֪ǸһĹԸǸôˣ
֮ôʣҪ˽⵽ƹһĵȨ˾һôˣа¹֮ˣֱӲÿˡ
ǿƣע棬ȼ۽Կ̫ʼǱ֮أǶһĹԸ͸ˡ
ô˵Ļƹһ嵹һҲ档Ҳ΢΢һЦƺ˼ʲô
֮ϣҲױʱǿȴֻȸǻһѣǷֻУ


2389 ֮
ڽ˴ĸ·֮ǽ˰½ļ֮أҲһأ
һƬ򵽴ǳЩӾ֮½ٶ£Ҵǲϵĵ£һƬ˼½ĺܶ嶼ʾΪء
ȴֻһ尲λطΪ൱ǵã
֮ءȻ鴫ǻûؽһأƺ̫ҲܹܵõǼ޴ڵʱ޿̵ڻ谵Ĳ֮¡
ⷽԲﶼ̺Ϊֻһ壬Ϊ˵ض
ƺ̫ڲµ֮Уڼ·Ƶ֮ʱȴӲʧˣûʧˡ
ͬȴɷ̫ӵϣ˸Ц˵֮еǴѾˣ֮ǲڻ¡
طе㲻ѰƺԽ룬еµͻԽԽҲ΢΢̧ͷͷ֮ܲĲ񷣬һһ¡
ûҲ֮صص㣬ԽٵͻԽǿҲɾһһŹֹء̫Цŵ
ʲôأΪʵط˵һأǶǶ̫˵ط壬Ϊ˵ڶǴ֮޷˺ǡ
֮أסطԽǴʵԽǿһĵλҲԽߣ֪һǼ̫ϳϾסĵطҸ޷߽ȥͱµĿֲˡ̫ҲǿЦص
ԣҲǵһЦֺξ壬˵ֱӵߵҲ޷
⻰Ʋû˵ЦƾϵǴ֮Ҫطû˵֮£˵ȥ硣
ͬصҲһǿԱ߲ʲôڣΪǱסĻһõ̫ʼ
Ҳȥ鷳ЦһǰԼسһЩҲǺЦ߰ɣֱȥǸһĹ
ֱȥң̫΢΢һ㶣Ҳ֪һ뵽ȵļƻ֮Уһ嶼ˣֱӵߵνĹǰ»ݾߡ
İɣ˵һϵŮˣ޷ʵĻҲһ¡΢΢һЦ֮Ҳ͸¶һֱ֮⡣
̫ԣϵЦе㽩ӲҲ˼ֹһջûѡվĶ棬Ӧ˵ûѡŷΪС
ǰһƬȺͨЩʯ죬޾̫֮˵ЩΧΪͨˣûжֵ
ֻвϵǿԼڵܹ֮ĵⲻǵλϵ⣬һƶȣһֺô֮мĺ󱲡
ҪøõľסҪøıǿԣʸֻҪܹϵؽôһжԴԴϵسǰ
ƺ̫жǹ죬ǲκ˵ĲֱӵشԽһƬȺЦλ۾ǿߣֻ֮£ǲ͵͵Ǳ룬Ҳ˵ȥˡ
ҲٴεؾһƬȺһεĽ΢һ㣬סϢҲǿϼ֣ڷûκ;
ƺ̫һشԽֽȺĵط룬ֵĽȺҲԽԽ٣˵߲㣬ֻȵʮ䣬ڴ˵صϢǰ벽۵Ĵڡ
һķʽͦ졣ƿҲЦЦҡͷǰߣ̫ӽ˵ϢֶΣ벽۵Ĵڶ޷ǵټ
ǰӦþѾͷľסˣݣһƬֻһˡ̫ƺҲǶԴ˵һЩӡҲǸ̾
һˣáǺЦûж˵ʲôٴǰ·
ٶԼĪһСʱ·֮ǳһģͬʱӲµҲԽԽ£ԼеͬˮͰִСֱ£зʱҲЩ
ǰˣƺϢǰ벽ۣٺظҪúõطһΡ̫΢΢һ£ҲǲһΪϢҲЦеص
Уȥҳ̸ҲеЦҡҡͷҲûԣⲢ顣


2390 
ܿ죬ƺ̫ӱǽһƬ֮У֮µҲԽԽܼԼֲվ֮УҲмζ
ֱȥ̫뵽ԼҪһ᳡ӵ飬Ҳ˷ܵ
ֱȥɣûҪķʲôʱģһˡҲ΢΢һЦȴ΢΢̧˫ǰĽȴǸһЩǡ
ղһ˲ԼһЩƺԼ̤֮󣬾һ˫һֱעԼˣҲǴѣ·Ҳҡҡͷǰߡ
̫ӣʱһ٣ֱȥɣѾǱˡƵӰ𽥵ǰ߶ȴģƬ֮Ѿʧ֮Уһ塣
̫ɫ΢΢һ䣬ˣе㲻ϳƼȻô˵ҲֻѾͷҲ򲻹ԼȻֻ뷨ѡ
̫˿ǰţܿһǰʱ̫Ҳ˿زԼϢǴЦӰˣ
ڰķôһͲûһҲ̫˰ɡ
ûãΧµǶȻرøܼһͬһʱ䶼ȫ̫ӵΧ嫵֮Ҫ׵ذ̫Ӷûһ㡣
̫ƺҲԤϵһĻҲǺٺһЦͷһתǵһɫâЩɫâڳ֮󣬾Ȼֱӵؿʼһµ֮
ӣ˵żûżõôкô̫ӵصȻҲǳԹƵĿǴ֮˿塣
ڳ֮вϵؽûж̫ʲô˺һɫâԽԽ׳һ޾ĺڶһ㣬һС
ף
޾֮ƺǴһɵ̫ӾȻǿ˿֮±ֵ㵭⵹е֮⡣
ܿ죬֮У𽥵ظֳһŮʵǿֲ֮ɣֻӲر˿γ㣬ϿһòľɫŮӡ
ʲôŮ峺صȻ̫Ӽ
£̫ӿŮӵĳ֮˫ҲǶȻͷųһֲһܿЦеصҳӵġ
Ŷ
һŮƺʲôΪЦ飬ǴһһЦڳЦ̫ӵ֪һ㡣
֮ǰҾ͸˵Ҿ޷ȵģҳӣҲûųȥŮȻǴһ˿ŭǰһҲ͵͵Ǳһزʱɵ֮ûɱ֣ʱ꣬һٴ־ٶĪ治ΪԼɱ
ٺ٣ӣ˵Ӵ̫ӺٺһЦ֮һĨթɫ֮еһŮʵûûξ˹ġ

̫ûûεĻǸŮȻҲǶŭˣһĹȻǱ˵ϷҲЦڽʱҾѾˣǰ޷ùңǲܣ
ȷһһ塣̫ӵЦ
ˣԶ
ֽ̫åһΪŮȻҲǲͷȻԷִҪѰĻôҲһ̣Էһ̫ӣ˿ηЩ
ãһΪԼĿشﵽ̫Ҳǵİ壬Ѿȷز˶ԷΪͣڰ벽۵ıԵûнѾǴ۾Ϊ
һΣڱصã
̫˵ôɴ䣬һĹȻҲе㵣Ϊִʱ̫ӵϢͻȻرÿԼһĽĸо
ôܣ
ԼʱȻȫؿ͸ǰ̫ӣһΣյĸо֮ǰԲܵ飡
һԶԶԼˣʱȻǱԼҪǿһĹȻǴ㵲ѣҪ֪Լǰ벽۵ľ磬Ҳֻһż顣
Ȼʱ̫ӾȻܹ֮ϾѹȻ֮
̫Ѿͻ˾磬˴ۣ
뵽һ㣬һĹȴ˲׳һ黹ûдȻǲ֪һԼѹƵˣΪʲôԼӿͻƾ磿
ٺ٣ӣô̫ƺǲ˶Էʱ϶һ㵵ģҲûûεصԹ䣬Ӵ


2391 Ź
ߣװŪ֮һ֮۶ɵŮȻΪ㵣ҲЦһ治ţ̫ӾȻܹȱҪ˴۵ľ磡
䣡
һ죬һ֮۶ɵʱֱӵرը˵â˲仯һ㣬ȥ͵̫ӳȥ
ڴͬʱ֮ҲǳһɫӰȻģȴǿԱϳһŮӰ
ֹƣ̫Ӳûе˺󣬷ǺٺһЦһǰϵĺɫâͷųҪһеƣ
䣡
ûκεأһεĹ˵ǶԷȫΪµһ˲䣬ǳ׵û̫ӣ
ڰеķȴ̺һ˿Цؿһеķ̫û˿ĵǣЦǾϾѾѹƣο̫ӵ֮ƿǴ֮ѹһǣײǽˡ
貵ɫâȻرըγһƬƬ̻֮ɫȴ޾ػѰİ벽ǿһĻʱ򣬿Ҳ֧Ųסˡ
ܿ죬һĨɫ𽥵س֣Ƭ֮󣬱ռһɫ
ɫâ֮貵ɫǱɣµ֮Ȼûа취̫κε˺òԶֳӰŮҲǾ
ٺٴӣ»л˵ɫâ֮𽥵ʾһģӰȻǰȻ̫ӣʱ̵Ǵ֮޾Щ֮
쵰ҾͲˣһŮҲǶȻظֹһĨɫŶԷֶһɫâﲻ֪Ϊڳһֿ־о
ǿеؽеһָоȥŮɫҲǱ࣬˫ؽӡʱΧ֮Ŀ֮Ҳ˲ÿ
񱩣
һЦ̫ӴʱҲ𽥵ϵЦ⣬˫ŮӣҲǳɫ㿴㻹治硣
ȫеŮӣ̫ûи˿дΪܶǰֹˣŮӵڵһȫͷųǽһֺܿµ龰
󣡡
ŮӵĿ³ʱǲϵµǱĳŶǣһ㣬ؿʼŮӵߣЩ֮ϵһ𣬺ܿγһ޴ɫӼ
ӼȻ֮γɣȥƬ֮ЩӼ֮ҲǱµĲֻ貵ĹâȻ£
ʱڰй۲죬Ҳǲ¶˲ɫѹŮܹõ̫ӳԿٹȻһֶΣ
ֻЩµ貹âһŭޣее׻ȵȣһǴǿ׺ĴڣһĹȻƿ֮
ŷƺ̫ӵƿǴֶ֮޶࣬ΨһĿľǶЩܹΪԼã
ٺ٣һУΪô̫ӺٺһЦӰȻرһɫĻһ㣬֮žȴõÿռ䶼ǳЩѺۡ
һĻһĹҲ΢΢ɫҧ
£ֻ֮۶ޣһ̫˺ҧȥƣҲޱڵơ
ǣǵ͹̫ӵûжΪ۾ƾڵЩɷǴ֮㹻ˣ
ֱԷȥ;һ⣬ڿ̫ߵʱ򣬾ֱӵرֵһֺɫâȫɣ
̫ӵٶȺܿ죬ȥŮߵʱ򣬼һת۵飬Щȴûκΰ취
ˣŹּˡ̫ת۾͵ŮӵǰǰɫŮӣҲЦеصʱԼҲվŮǰ³ȴǱ£һΣȴǸո෴
ţһĹʱȴ㵵ؿǰֵӣûлعԼΪֶΣȻǶûκã
ôܣ
̫ӿǰ΢΢ʧŹҲеƵҡҡͷӣôˣͱԻô
ȻһΣռ˾ԵϷ磬ҲûбԷѹƶһ̫ӵĺǸˣ˵ûвʱվǰŹȴͻȻ¶һص΢Ц
һҵİڰķҲͻȻһ֣ƺԤϵʲô顣
˵̫ˡŹͻȻ΢΢һЦ̫ӵϵЦݶȻ̣һ̣ӴŹ


2392 
䣡
ͻȻһ죬̫ӵЦ̣ԼǰŹȴͻȻػ֮貵ɫʱǳǰ
&%%
ʱ̫ɱһķƶҡҡͷﰵ̾һ̫ˡ
ٴαը׵ؽһƬû̫˶һεɫ֮УȻǳԿˡ
Զռ仺ģŤŹӰٴ¶˳ɫȴǼΪһƬ貵ɫҲЦװˣһ޷ء
һŵҲû˵ѣҪƿص޷ɱ̫ӣȻղ֮лɱڻļһֻԼѡ
ڰķɫûκεر仯ڸղһ˲䣬ǲ˲ѰĲҲ֪ŵֶΣ޷̫Ҳó֣ɴ̫ԼһС͵ˡ
˵ӣȻɱңôҲܰ貵â𽥵ʧǵȿµɢ̫ӵӰٶʾ
ֻʱȽǱһɫĶǱãӶǳЩڵĺۼȻղŵеԤϲûԤųһС
Ȼܹ۾⻹ҳԾŹ˱֮ͬȼ֮ڣ̫ӸԼĶ֣ϧƫƫѾɾ˴ۣ
ӣô˵㶼ˣԹԵظȥ̫ɡ̫ӿһԼ֮ҲǹЦЦô¼
ϻ˵ɣһΪ£üͷҲ̫˽ͬҲ˽̫ӣ֪ԷԲΪôһС¶
ӣһسӣ˭ǰҸ۸ˡ̫ҲεЦ
˵˵˵̫ϳϳϳȥŻ˻֣ƺҲú̫ϻ̫ӵԸ˽⣬ԷΪô򵥵һ͵͵͵ؽһ壬Ϊһسӣʹĵس֣αС͵һ
ٺ٣ӾǴ̫ӺٺһЦҲɫ˴ǰһס
ףûǽף̫ӶŹԸ˽⣬ûǾԲ֣ҪվһߣҪչֳǿһ֮⣬Ҫȶûа취棡
ףŹһۣҲЦԲʵ벻ܹʲôףлϽ˵˷ʱ䡣
ô˵ʱڰķƶ͵Цһ˵Ը˵ع죬̫ĺŹߵһ𣬿±۸̫ӡ
̫ɫ΢죬˼εתͷŷصĵطιιʦģԼͽܱЦǲ
仰һŵɫһ䣬Ȼڰ̫ƶԷΪʦ
ʵ̫ӽһƬʱѾ̫ӵϢȴûвƵĴڣȴǲ׽һ˿ΣյϢⲢ̫ӵϡ
֮󣬿ֻ̫һˣҲһΪԼǶˣʱȴǸŹڰ˵Ĵڣ
̫ӣʲô˼˴һأŹɫҲһ䣬Ȼ΢΢ŭˡ
ȱ˵ʦֻǸȵġ̫ӿŶŭҲæ͵
ʱռ仺Ťһ۶ҲǳŹǰŹɫ䣬ΪһΣǰ˿ɱԼһ˿ز
ԷȻŷֶԷϢģƾʶĲ޷ֶԷĴڣȴʵسԼǰ̫ˣ
ƺݺݵص̫һۣεصҰ˰ɣȻ³Կˡ
ڷƵĻ̫ҲǺٺһЦ˵ʲô
ʱȴתŹŹμ棬Щ㣬ˡ
ŹɫͣԷأȻǳԼ뵽ҲһҲȻسһӡǣһźţһ飬סڸһ̫ϳϾͻǳ֡
ŹҶûж⣬ֺαءȻǲŹСҲ΢΢һЦΧѾǱҲ˽ƣ޷Ķ㻹Ǳſ֪ͨ˵ͷ
ʵϣĽڷưгֲȻƾ̫ӺŹղɵĶ㹻Щ̫ϳˡ


2393 
˭
ͻȻֵĺˣŹ¾¶˽ɫԷȻ޼ɵĴ֮صŹоһֲ
ΪصľǣڷƵϣŹһ궼Ϊ֮Ϣָоڸղŵ̫ϸܵȴԶԶû̡
ңҾһ׵ˡ΢΢һЦҲǲ±¶ԼݣҲûκεڡ
ףԲһ岻ҪκסŹɫһ֪Էǳףƻʲôɸ˵Ŀġ
Ȼô˵ҪΪȰأû˿⣬΢΢һЦ˫ضŹƱ
㡭㵽˭
ִӷƿгֵһ˲䣬ŹѾǲһ־֮ɫһ߻ܣ֮⣬ֻ̫ϳ֪ѣȴǿھ͵ƿܡ
˵ˣ˭ҪҪסЦŵͬʱҲǽŹЦҪͼ֪ͨ㱳Щ̫ϳϣ޷ҾˣҲûҡ
ֱʱ˿̣ŲǷʧɫԷȻԤϵԼô̫ˣôҲһĹŹھ㵹ҲǺܿͻָɫ
Ҳ֪˵ʲô˼֮زӭǡŹĮȻصǸһ־ǧ֮ɫ
˵ӣ»ҪʲôΪ֪ô̫㡣̫ӴʱҲɿص
ҹû˵ķݡŹݺݵصһ̫ӣҲŭޱȣһȻǴ˽ΪҪǣԷƺ֪һЩһȺ顣
ģһ´ȥĻ𵴣Ҳ֪һεļƻаźܶ壬ÿһ嶼Ǳܵòٱܣ͸¶ȥ
ȵȣĪ̫Ӹģ
Ǻεȵشϻ۵ŮӣѰ˼Ҳ뵽ˣһ嶼ܵ룬οһ壬Ҳܵȵ룬ûв´Ļ˵䣬Ҳ˵ǺпһĿȥ
ŹҾûҪڰɣȰԸ飬Ѿֺ֪αǷأҡҡͷһ̫ӵ̫ӵ壬˵ʵһҲܵ룬ȷҴĳֽס
ô˵ŹҲǲȥˣԷȻһʲô֪ɫװȥ¾ͳ˷еɵϡ
ŹغһҲǽ˷ƵϣĮȻصȻҲ֪ҾͲأһҪ˵Ҷ˵ĽûκεȤ
Էʲôݶǲ֪ҪףЦأŹǲһǰһ嶼ǴһٲĵزɾǶԲˡ
ιСӣ鱨ǲдôôֱؾܾˡƴʱҲ΢΢ƫͷһĵɫ̫˵Էעô
̫ε˼£ǲҶǼҪɱ˵񣬺ٺһЦ˵ʦ׵ģԼݶû߱ˣ˭װ
Ҳһ㶣ҲǻعһЦ⵹ҲǣɶûнԼݣҲЦеؿŹӦʶһ£ҽзơ
ֵʱŹȻһ㶣Ϊӡ֮кϤ֣Լһʱ֮ȴ벻ĸģ
ƿɫҲ΢΢һЦ֮ƣ
£ŹɫǾ䣬ʶغˣŷƱ־룬ȫǾֵɫʲôЦ֮ƣΪʲôڴ˵أ
̫ӣǧģ㲻úŹҲ֮£û뵽̫ȻֱӵذѶԷ֮ص
ŹɫǲˣԼһźΪܹ޷죬û뵽ڿɺˣֱӵذҲˡ
Ź֪ǷԽ֮ĽأƺŹ¶ɫҲζЦŵ
Źܸӣ˻£ȴ˴һһ㣬Ǻã
һӱóĬƬ֮ŹҲĵ̾Ϣһû뵽ķչӡ


2394 
ҪɱҪףϤ㣬ҴӦģһûйϵ
ŹĿлصôһ仰֮Ƶ飬⼸ʱڣڰ½ˣɲΪԼܹƣοʱԷѾǷΧĿռ䣬ûиһĻᡣ
ŹһϵˣҿҲˣ׵ûˣʵʧҡҡͷ¶һϧɫ
ܹʲôûõġŹҲǸһĨɬɫЦǣһ屾˹ϵȴµ֮󣬾ȻҪжԸ壬Ѿ¶ˣûֱһ忪սѾǿˡ
ǼҪԸһĻһһǰô΢΢һЦ´ʱ֮ضѾڱһƬ档
ŹĬû˵һ˿ɣΪƾ֮еλ𣬾㹻ܹһ㡣
˵ɣҪʲôףŹҲغһʼŷƲûдԸһĴ㣬ҲǷ˽ġ
Ȼһйء΢΢һЦ
ұȵˣŹü壬ʶؾҪܾڴ֮ǰѾǵ壬ʱҲ㣬³ŵûκβ졣
Ȼ˵ϱѣֻҪ̬ȣҲҵӦڹؼʱ̲־㹻ˡЦŵŹǸˣܶһ͸
űʲôͬŹЦ⻹㱳ѣǻʲô㣿
ִҪôΪҵҲνֻֻѡ񣬴Ӧ߲ӦƱֳԼǿƣǿŹѡ
ӦڱȣվһߣҪ֪һεжѾǲ߻࣬˵Ȱϵ˲嶼ǲ뵽УóȻشӦƣһʧܣôһ͵ڰ½Ĩˡ
ӦڷƾԼǰһܾµһľŹԼԼһܵŭ
ѡ֮䣬ŹҲǺͷۣѡ³òȥ
㣬һѡһѡƿŹĳɫҲЦصҪ뵽ҼȻŰ㣬ҲӦܹ뵽ʱ壬ǷҲһ
ԣŹʱһǻǰҪ֪뵽һж֮Уֻһ壬Ƴ֮أһЩԵǷ
뵽λŹҲðһɺǾߵĸ壬ûκεؿԱ˵Լһ廹˵ġ
ӦҲ֪ѡ˵ѡĸ³ҪŹҡҡͷ
㻹û͸ԡҡҡͷҲϧصұΪܹ뵽㻹ûв²õȻǲȵжǱȻŸԵֶΪӦĻҲ֮ء
ƵĻŹ˶ǵɴ۾仰ʲô˼Ҫȿףôܣȿľͷ֮һ˲֪ãһ㲻ϰĶڣȻóȥλ
Ƶ˼˵֪£һҪ
붼÷ŹͻȻԼ˽ƺһӱ̵ʲôЩҲУһǣס彫κεȥ԰ϣ
ĻҺšĬ˰죬ղǻص
ʵһһջѡ˺վһ˵һСҲЦеص㲻ӦûС
һҲǴӦ˵ͬԿôŹҲĿ¶֮ɫʵ벻͸ΪʲôһӦ壿
ӣҾ㻹ǴӦһ㣬Ҫ֪ɲǸ壬Ĳ˵ʦ˵ܹͻƵ۾磬ҲΪİ̫غһŹеҡڡ
һŹҲǱݺݵһ˵̫ôͻȻˣԭŷƵİƾʲôͷȻ̶̵̫ܹʱڽͻơ
˵˵ͦͷӦƿŹˣҲ׳


2395 ŵЭ
һ¹岻һ鷳෴ѹϵ
ڶι󣬰½ĸֱȻӭһθĸǿ޻һЩһ塣
һܸȤǾ̫ϵǴӦҿԸ㡣
ƽӶ׳ԼЩûŹ㹻ջ˵һȴŨŨȤ
̫ӵеһɫâŹҲû˽⣬һֵʲôȴܹѹ׼ȷ˵Ӧѹ֮
֮ʲô췣ǰ̫ӵеȻǿѹ֮ŹΪȤĵط
ǰ˵ʵȸҲǲ࣬ͬҲһĶѣǾǰ׵صһĵλ
ʵŹȻһƹˣʵϵȨȴǼλ̫ϳϵϣӶǰӹһ忪ʼŹֻǾԼһܣ̫ϳǲȨܶѡ
̫ӴʱԱ߳һ£ƺʲôҲǵûв´ĻһĵλƺʵܶʱҪ̫ܵϳϵѹƣ˵öô
̫ӵⷬŹһ˵ûûа취Ϊһ˼ǲ̫ܿϳϵġ
ԱߵķԣҲ΢΢һ㶣ȴû뵽һһоȻЩ飬ҲǴһĨЦصŹӦĻºǿΪһȨߣ
һ˿˵ŹֻһЦ֮Ǵӷƿ˵ȴǲòؿǣΪӦ˵ֻҪæԣ
Źĺ𽥵رûܹõֵ̫أܹΪһףѾˣ
Ƶ˵ȶҪջ
ŹǱؿŷƣ˵һпɵ棿
ƿԷ¶ɫҲЦްٻ̫ϵҽ̻ġ
ƨǴ֮ô̻ˣԱߵ̫ӼˣæԷ
ôʦ˵ô΢΢Ƴ̫һۣʱ̫Ӿ˵ԱߵŹȴٴα𺳵ˣ
Ǵ
ƺ̫ϵȻǴ֮찡ֱǲ˼飬ȻΪǴ֮
ʱŹҲףΪԼ֮ᱻԷѹƣֱǰŪƿǴ֮ǰⲻѰ·ô
Ǽ䣬Źر죬һ˫ڷƵϽضԼĪƬӣҧɽ
ϲ㣬պԲڽյѡ񡣡ƿŹɿڴӦԼҲ¶ЦݣԼһеĿѾȫسɹˡ
һһ壬ѾǴɣغҲʲô⣬ǿ˵һβ߷Ӱ쵽ȵļı
ϣ˵ŹҿԴӦðǸӵǴ֮İңγɾʹۣ
Ź֮͸¶һȣȻǶڷƵѾǶˡ
ԣʧЦҡҡͷЦΪôͻƵôĿʱð벽۽ͻƣ廹Ҫˣ
ŹҲһΣԼƺ̫ˣɾʹǺεȵѣȻ˵ֳ̫ܹɾͣŷƷֲϵǸԼľ
ñȰӵǴ֮İҡҧҧҲǲʾصܲ÷ƿͷ˵˼ŵԾ°ɣûʵʵĺôôУ
ԣȷģĻŲ㡣ЦеصȨȫ棬ĲĵҲҪϾһҲűѵȣĻԶűΡ
źݺݵصһ۷ƣҲûа취£ԼΥͬȣҲֻһٶȷġ
ڿ˰ɣûصϾһԼԣ͸Υ½ĹϵĹأҪ治ڲϡ
ˣҾ͸㣬ֻڽ۵ʱ򣬳ԼȥںǴ֮Ϳˡ¶һֵɫ
ŹԭˣˣʱӦ¶һַŭɫ


2396 
˵ײˣôҪƾյһԣͷȴʲôûеõ
ŹʲôˣĻˣȴû뵽ȴǳԿ˷ƵУжʱŭ
æŷŭһû˵ءЦЦŹ̬Ԥ֮УҲҡҡͷЦ˵ûȻһ̫ӣܹ֮Ǵ֮лƿѰûյҲΪô򵥵һ仰
̫Աص˵ͷжȻһֺɫâȴ̺޾Ļ֮⣬ǺɷǴԼеĺɫâȻ˵ȥܲףǵȵֵزʱܹᵽ˼
ңַ֪ܹģҲֻһһ壬ΪͺԵǴ֮϶ȱ˻ҪߣҲǰٷְٳɹзգȻҪĥʼһҲû˵ѣʵˡ
ǿԼ侲ϸһ÷˵ĻҲûеľưһʲôôûţռĺô
ñռˣԼԿɲŹӡ
£Ź΢΢תһ£ƺҲ뵽ʲôЦصƣȻѾˣ㲻ھͰҽһڵ£Σ
Źƺҵ÷Ƴһİ취Ҳ¶˵Цݡ
ʲô£΢΢һ㶣ʶظֳһֲԤУȴûв²õŹҪȻˡ
ҽЩ̫ϳϡɵص
ڵ̫ϳϣһ·ƶǿЦѣЦǣԼôҲһһ̫ϳϰ
ӣһǼϼһﶼ˭ʱԱ̫Ҳǳһʵ
ۣĸˡŹֵ֮Ҳ𽥵ظֳһֱ䣬λ̫ϳϣƺвԹ
ĸ̫ϳƺܲ⡣ҲŹ֮еĮȻҲЦŵ
ȻĸϲģΪҵĸףƵλãܹƿһ壬ҳҲеһܶѣ
ô˵Ʋе㵣֮Ȼÿһ嶼̫ϳϣе̫ϳ϶Ƕ֮²ʣǷʲôӰŻǳ棬Ļƽʱ峤һУ
ȷûмǴĻĸӦλۣôʮǰͻȻˣһҺҸҲ۹ȴûκνۣϾ̫ͻȻˡ̫ƺҲʲô
ߣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳһ㺮⣬ҧҵĸҪһǵǱǲˣԾǰҵĸ׸ˣٰҸƵǰȥʵϱһֲһ塣
һ㣬ҲǱȵ˲ȴӦ㣬ºǼ̫ϳô΢΢һЦҲǲ²⵽ΪʲôᱳˣҲֻһܹġ
ûһλصǿ֮߳ʱҲǸƳһ۷Ƶ
ʵûĴӦȣºҲԸ㣬Ҳʲô³ЦЦȴΪϧִŮӣҲкͿʱ
ô˵ô
ʱҲסˣڲʶ⣬ºĻô
ΪһˣȥԸۣҲǻ
ò²ˣºȻֱӵضԸ㣬ˣǼ̫ϳҲκαʾΪ˵һܶѡԽô˵оԽ
Ϊ˵ļʵҲԼزǼ̫ϳƺһЩٶԼϵһ峤ֻԼΪȵĳŵûзϡ
ʱϷ˵Ļпܻᷢ£
Ⱥ˵ҲǺݺݵһ£֪֮УǸһ
ΣҪҰ㣬Ǿͱýĸ̫ϳϣȻǻһЩСҲ֪һ峤ȴʲô
Ҳɴǽⶪȥƣ˭׺ʲôģҲ֣ĸ̫ϳϣʱһЩⷢ÷ƵļƻǷ仯


2397 ̫ϳ
ƳĬˣò˵⼸һ̫ϳǱҪģĻŸͷӲӦеãûκô
̫ӣ޷λλۻ࿹⣬Ұ֣ҲǺˡ
ѵҪҺ˰æô
г˼һ£ҲûһϺõİ취Ȼʱ򣬷ͻȻɫһ䣬Ѹٵصˣټ̫Ͳˡ
£ƵٶǱֱӵ֮Уź̫˶ʱҲǲΧƺǸѸһ㣬ȻǷѾ˽ơ
ô£̫ɻһۣôͻȻѵǡ
вʱһӴϢӸ֮Ƭ̾Ѿŵ⹬ǰ쳣ذ磬ۣ̫ӶȻ̧ͷǰĲ񷣬ʱ֮ϵۣԻһģӰӦþһ̫ϳ֮һ
֮صİ˵ĳ֣λ̫ϳȻҲһ㶣Ҳϳ̫ӵݣϾüǰ̫ӵľٶҲǰǸˡ
ⲻһ̫أôҲǳڴ˵ˡͻȻֵ̫ϳҲЦܿͷ̫ϵϢȻԼ޼±ǲ˾ݡ
̫ӡȻͻ˴ۣ
µˣ̫Ҳûа취ҲӺԣװһ޹ӵǰ
գλ۵Ϊһλ̫ϳ֮һ
δȻҲߵһˣһش֮ʣСҲǸ̾صԭĪǳһȴûпȻһ̫ӡ
ǰ佱ˣֻöѡ̫ҲǼЦŵĽܣͶЩ̫ϳûʲôøУûа취ڻûȥ
ףôǻڴ˵أ΢΢һЦ֮ҲٴʵȻһ̫ӳڴ˵أоǲ⡣
Ҫ֪һһ֮ľǲԶܲû¾һˡ
һ¿ʵ̫ӣһתҲǺٺһЦǰҸ˵ϴСˣҸ˳ɼңⲻ뵽ŹôҲǲ֪ҿǶŹһġ
̫ӵĻ֮ҲǸһĨ㵵ɫ̫׷ţ²٣ʱҲֵǷ꣬ʱˣСӻŲô
ѹֻţͻƵ˴ۣҪ˹ɣ
뵽һ㣬ҲȻȻǲ²⵽̫˵صͼԱߵŹݺݵصһ̫ӣʾⲻҪ˵
̫ӱ˾¶һɫԼԡ
ճһ£ҲЦѵô⣬ҲԵ£Ҹλ̫ϳ˵һ£Ǻá
̫ӵϲ⣬Ҳǵǰ鷳һˡ
£ܹ⵹Ҳʧһ¡չһЦҲǶ̫ӵԵƬ̣ȥȥͻء
֮յӰȻٴɢȻǻȥ̫ϳ£ô˵һ¿ǹϵĹϵܹɹһ𣬶һ˵Ҳһ¡
ʱת뿪һ˲䣬̫ӵɫҲȻΪӸղճֿʼͷβûۿһۣǵ˵֮£ûжһš
ҲһԳĬƺѾϰ顣
֪ҵĴ˰ɣҾһܣܹ㹻ĺôǻԥذҸ׳ȥ
Ҳ΢΢ر˫ǲ԰׵ɫһ仰ǴΪʱƵĽѾʧóȻ˵֪᲻ᴫǼ̫ϳϵĶС
̫ӿžȻ¶ɫҲǺ񱻴ʲôһ̾һͬʱҲǼᶨصԺڣû˸ܹ۸㣡
仰̫ûдǹ˵⵹ŽһҲ̾һֻҪ⼸̫ϳһղ͸е˿ı仯
̫ӣ취Ǹոƭ뿪֮أֽһ˵ڰķҲȻشݳһ
Ƹղһֱڹ۲ţͻȻ뵽ȻԼ޷λ̫ϳϣǿ𽥵ؽлƣֻҪ뿪֮أһ䵥̫ϳϣԼδûа취Ը


2398 ֮ϲ
ʱ֮ո뿪Ҳһأ¶λ̫ϳ˵ˣͼǵô˵һʵҲǲܹɹδҲһ¡
˭һǸСһͻƵ˴۵ľ磿һλ̫ϳɻʵ껣λ
껣ԣգޣĸһλ̫ϳϣֻնû֪Ÿĵһģһһ壬ܹ֪λ̫ϳϵҲࡣ
ǵģϢԴˣǺηǰ򵽵Ĳ¾ɣȻͻƵˡҲǵ˵ͷ뵽⼸ضҲǲ²
ӦûҲǵ˵ͷ
˵һǷһܵȵ룿ʱ˿̣ȴͻȻʵ
ʱ˶ǳĬȻҲ֪һЩѾһģһӦȣŸȴΪ֪ģͬһ塣
롭ӦҲһһ֪̽ص˵ͷ¿ãȵĴֱʣ½Ҫһγ׵ز塣
һһ嶼ѣ˫һЩֻȽٶѣȵǿ֮߳־ٶԽԽ١
ߣǸѾͷҪһͼһ壬Ϊǲ֪ѾǰЩôҲЦ
Ҫʲô취峤֮λڿһ̫ӵףҲǿʡ²¡ԱҲǸ͵
ĸ̫ϳϣѾƿһ꣬һֱϵ峤һַȥѣҲҪͬŹԼĸף³õȥ
ǵ˼ǴӦһҪôյ˵ͷһ룬취ҲһܹŸ߳ȥܹһ彨ϵһ˵źҪԵİ
ţǾôɣСӣǴӦˡҲǵ˵ͷĸ̫ϳϰͲðŹϳȥʱһĻǰԲܴ
ʱѺõһ̸ܹ֮Ȼŵӿ϶ǲ²⵽ǵĿģʱ֦ճһҲǸһеĽ顣
Ҳǵ˵ͷȵʵ̫ҪпӰ쵽պһڰ½ĵλôܹⷢ
ɣ޶ǸСȥһ֮أ̸ˣ԰в̽һһǷҲһվһ𡣡üͷһȻеģǾͲ֪ûдӦˡ
һǰ׳յĻ϶ǴӦջҪȷһ£¿áҲЦŵ
ʱҲǻվҾһһһ壬һǵǷվͬһߣǵĻǿż޹ȥǲǵĻһִվһߣǾʱš
ŹľסطΧ̫ɫأղҲͷҪ²⵽Ҫôܹһλ̫ϳϸȥط
Ҫ֮ض֣Ǿǲܵ£٣ĻͷƼԲǼ̫ϳϵĶֻ֣鷳ѡ
ȻʱպҲٴγ˴˵أλ̫ϳϳֵʱ̫͵һ£ȻϳһҲǴ۾޳ϡ
λϡ
̫Ȼлһ£ҲǺܿͻعλͻȻһΪ¡
ȻǺηСС;ѾΪۣһȻ˽ܱЦŵ̫ӵҲǳ͵ɫ
СӣǸһϢ㲻ҪȢôǲǲǲԡҲԱЦŵ
ģ̫Ӽװ¶һֺǿϲɫǳڵ飬պ˶ûκλɡ
ȻģϾС£һ̫ӣҲһ峤Ǻͦ䡣΢Ц֣˼Ҫһصһ壬㸸һЩ顣
ô˵ʱ̫Ȼһ㶣ڰķҲһ㶣£Լǰٰ벻취һЩ̫ϳϣȴû뵽ᷢôϷ绯һĻ


2399 ɽ
Զţ
˵ɫ̫֮жʱһ˵ĿϲԼ벻취뿪µԼɲܹˡ
ãҸ֮ǰҲҪתԼλǰʺҸλǰһ壬ȻҲǺܿġ̫ЦеصɫͺһͷƻСһ
պȻ΢΢һ£̫ôô飿Ҳûϸȥ룬οǸ벻оȻһǵı
ţɡҲǵؿһţɫȫû˼һ
û˵ʲôֻĬĬص˵ͷǵȥԴ˫֮ҲһĨΪ֪׺ɫ֪̫ϳһȥ¾ͲʲôŻ
ǾԲŹôһģ
ף㿴ôܿЩӺ˾ͻȥˣŵвϵ㰲οԼ
̫ЦЦҲǶͶȥһĵһβΣǱҪ۾̫ϳϣһô͵һԪˡ
ʣµ̫ϳϣʵڲУǻȥԼĸ׳棬ŷƣǿҪɱ̫鷳
̫ӱǺλһ̫ϳֱӵ뿪˴˵أڷƣһֱڿռ֮Уﱾϵĵط˵ҲһȽϺõصط
뿪֮غ󣬷Ʋûżض֣ԶԶظ̫󣬵ȵൽһʱ򣬲Ƕֵʱ
һ·ϣպҲǺ̫˵Ц˽Ҫ̫ӵ̽һЩڷ磬һûȺ
̫ӵÿһλشģĥ͸ԽԽպ͸һʱһôĽɫ
һһ·ԼĪǴ죬һ·ϣ̫ѡĶǱȽƫƧ·̣;ټʲôأΪһոǴȥһ廹û֪Ȼǲ̫ӻ
̫ҲΪ˱һ·ϣλ̫ϳϻʲô⣬Ҳѡһ̺·ߡ
ۿžҪһأ̫ȴͻȻͣһܵĻҲͻȻЦŶλ̫ϳϵλ֪˵ʲôطô
̫ӵͻȻͣ£λ̫ϳΪ⣬ʱȻ̫Ҳö˵ʲôϾǿûԤϵ̫ӾȻǶġ
̫¿ѵǡպһۣҲЦŵ
̫վһƬɽ֮£ǰһƬӲɽΪǼžƬɽȥ֮󣬾һأʱ̫תطһĽأƽʱңҲܵ׵ľ棬ǲ̤һƬɽ
̫ô˵λ̫ϳҲһ㶣Ҳ¶ȤƬɽĪǻʲôͷ
ƬɽഫʱһƬսǿٴ䣬ۣһ嵹ҲһЩԽȥеˣеĻ߳˵Ŵ۵ĴУ
պһۣٱҲ֪ǰ̫仰֮˵»űĿģʲô
̫ûйеʲôǵЦһƬɽ־ɽ
ɽ
ֵʱպ޶͵ɫ΢䣬̫ˣ˵һ
ֶЦˣֻյһƬսѡҲ¶һĨǿЦɫˣǻǾظϵһɡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷʱҲǷһ˿ԾĵطһΣյĸо֮лֻϧ̫Ӵʱҡҡͷղ˵ĻԶҲܹüһţֵİš
ȥһˣλ̫ϳϳڴ˵أǿΣ̫ӻתȴ¶һɭȻЦݣͬʱȴǶȻһֺɫâ
պ˴󾪣¼ٵ˺ͬʱ̫ӵǺ⣿
ƾԴ֪̫Ϊô
Ϊʲôֻλ׵ѡ̫Ҳ΢΢һЦһ̤ϵĺɫâȻڶǻһ㣬һŻϢ
ߣҲԣմʱҲǱŭˣ̫ӾȻҪǣΪԼǴۣܹԸô
أĸףϲأôûһҲЦ


2400 
λ˵Цˣڣǿû˿Ļ·̫Цеصһ̤ǰ˿λ̫ϳϵƣ
պ޶һ㶣⵽飿²һǼһﱳ˼
ⵥƾ̫һˣʲôʸҪԸԼ
Ϊڣ
ʱλ̫ϳϵı󣬷ƵȻ𣬶Ȼֵķƣõλ̫ϳϾ㵲ѣǾȻûвˣ
һ۵ķƳ˵ǰȴͻȻؾ
ƣ֮ƣ
Աߵ޴ʧɫȻǷƣ֮Ҳǳô˲еɻǽ⿪ˡмˡ
ȻеⱻϳҲνʼ򣬻ؿǰ֮ȴµƣλ̫ϳѹȶȥ
Ҳܹ²õΪ˰ɡ΢΢һЦЩǵƾû̫˼
պ޶ʱɫ䣬˵ĻĸӾ֣ӷѾ֪һε飬ԵĶԲߡ
ôĪǾƾ̫ˣҲŭҲżʵ̫ǵϣȻȲˣҵ˸塣
ԲһС£
ûаգȥһ֮أЦصλ̫ϳϵʵҲһЩ²⣬ȻµĹеѣӦûж⡣
ʲôһֱ֮أ
ܣԲܣ
պ˶Ǵʧɫڷ˵Ļо̫ˣǲܵ£ƾȻһֱ֮أô˵ʶλ̫ϳҲûвƵĴڣ
һ޷ۣ˵ȥҲûŰ
ŲŶνʼͬʱһܵľɫЦɽǳڴ˵أҲǲ
պ˵ɫޱȣǱˣǶԷһͲ߻ģ͵ԼԹԸ뿪һ塣
ʵû뵽ǣԼԶţֲñˣ֮أǾԲôĿŵض֣
ߣƾҲҪԸǣ̫ˣɭһЦҲǶȻسһö͵飬һϸ΢Ŀռ䲨ҲѸٵشݳȥ
ڵλ̫ϳѾ֪ȴǸ֮ʣǵڣɶȻǸҲһص
ƺ̫һۣղŵĲݸ޷ֹҲû½ƣȻԷܹǵ±Ҫսپ
֣ȡǣ
ƵͳغȵҲǻһӰȥȵԷλ̫ϳϸôͱüΪˣܱܲסһ£һ´ݳȥ˷Ǿ͵ǰˣ
̫ԣҲǵ˵ͷѾõĺɫâҲǶȻرϾһɫħ񣬼д޾ػ֮Ȼ£
ƲκӣҲûκαʼһɫâȻޱȣȴպλ̫ϳ϶͵һǲһ
Ϊֵһ˲䣬պ޶ǲ˸ڵ֮ƺǲͣˣǵͺڿ־塭ڵ֮ڿ־
պ˼ٵ˺ɫüΪѿȻǲ֪յĵʲôȻһմȾϣ˾ûʲô³ԡ
ģЩʲôŭص˲ϵ˺󣬽жҪʱ䣬ʱռ䲨ӦҲǴݵ֮أʣλ̫ϳϱȻҲǼٸ
ӲӲʱ䣡ҧг˲Ҳһ콾ȴǱѹƣʵѻ
ȴ֣Լȸûκܹŷƺ̫մȾһ־ɫһֺɫѹڵһУ
ҡǲ֪ΪΣȻǶԼһϤĸоƺǼʶΪĵġ
Ƭ̣ƺ̫ҲͣԷһֱڶĿľʱ䣬ȥڷ˵ǼΪز
ô죿̫ӿˣɫҲǸһĨأһô̬ˣһ嶼ܵǣ
ȼжԸһҲ½ƣ޷뿪˵أԣҲһĨɫ


2401 Ǵѹ
ûκεسɣƺ̫Ӷ˲֣ǵĿȾɱһܹɹһˡ
˵Ŀʱ˿̶ͳһǾգ
յΪ޻Ҫ߳һʱ˿̣Ҳǲ˵ϢֱӵԼ´ʧɫһΧҲŲ˶á
˭Ҳ
㣡ܶþǶãȵʱСӵڣҲصȻ޾ŭ𣬵ǴʱĲʺƵӲ
ΪˣԼ˵ΰ磬֮һӴϵĸɫâһ˲ͻԶʧ
Ҳ˵˵޷ڷƺ̫Ӳκε˺̫ˣպ޶ǰ˼⡣
ڷƺ̫ϵǸܵһϤĸоһʱ֮벻ֻǱּɵ֮ģڲϵؽжܡ
УСѾǷסܵĿռ䣬ܹжܵĵط࣡޵ɫҲˣܿͷʵԲ֮ڣ˷ƵĽ֮ڣ
ϢиһԽԽˣȥĻ³Ųλ̫ϳϵĵǾҪ׷ɹˡ
û취ˣƴһѰɣյһĨ׺ݵɫȻƺ̫ҪǵȻҲǲԴУ
Ҳ˵ͷͲŷƺ̫ǽûõˣܹǿԿ⣡
һֱܵպҲǶȻͣ׷ķƺ̫ҲͣЦſͬɥ֮Ȯλ̫ϳϡ
ܰôˡƼЦ̫ϳζǱҪ
̫ɫû˵ǷƣЩǿҲûжİգڵĺɷǴ֮޷һ⣡
ëͷСӣҲҾɱǣվͿ¹˭֣ص濪ʼһ۵ɫ֮
ףƿһĻеԽԽʢҲЦŵ޴ľǰŪԵ
仰̫ӵҲ޳ɣЦֻ֮췣֮ǰ췣ȲϣοҪǴ֮磿
Ǿȡ裡
˵Ҳͷ֪Сӣ㿴ʲôŽ֮ŭ忪ʼһ貵ɫ˲һɫڳֱӵسϾƼΪˣ
ϣһ˲֮䶼Ϊĺ󣬲ϵŴ̶֣µĲ֮·ɽܵƻһƬǽ壡
ЦЦʼƣһžɫâһͬʱҲĮȻص仰Ӧ˵ģǼʶ£ʲôף
µһ˲䣬֮еľɫâȴǶȻطһʱպɫ䣬Ϊ
һ̣ǳ׾һĻˡ
Ƶ֮пʼƵЩɫâȻһϸһâʼϵط˼ĲֱӵغһƬأ
֮ٻ֮۶ɵҲʧɫƺһССľɫâǰûκŵ棡
ֱʱ޺֮еĿ־˼㣬һֵɫŷƵһɾɫâʱˣΪϤ
ǴǴǴ˵֮еǴ֮
յɫ˲ò԰ȻΪηڵǴ֮ģּԻһеĲǴ֮
嶼ڲڷǰʱʧȥһҫʸٻһʱҲǿʼǸŷƶԵУ
ƾȻӵǴ֮
պû뵽飬ǰһֱûϢֻ֪֮ʧ˰֮ɵ۹ȴǲ֪
ǽյ³Ѿעˣذɣ
ٺ٣ôܹһأʱԱߵ̫ҲǺٺһЦһɫâҲͬɢһģһĲȻǱȲϷǵǿңͬǳǿƻ
ҲǴ֮
պ˼ֱǱŻˣȻ˵ڶͬʱӵǴ֮⵽ô£𼶱ĴڶΪ֮־Ǵ֮ȻǿԱΪƿأǸŵ飡
ʱ˿̣ǰȴʵ


2402 Ĵ
ͬʱӵǴ֮ˣ
պ޴ʱ鼫Ϊӣǿ˵ˣΪӵ֮ˣǴ֮жǿ
ʱ˿ҲǷӦƺ̫ӣаհڴ˵أ
Ǵ֮ҲǺ޻֮ǡλ̫ϳϼʱϵ
ô
պĶǸоѾǷǳһأ֮Ȼ˵ʮǧҲԲǶʱԸϵ
ǻˣ˻Űȥʱ֪ƺ̫ƿصľȻǴ֮ʱʧȥ˷ͷ
ѹԵľ棡
΢΢̧ͷλ̫ϳЦǲѡ֣㲻ҵ
պɫǼΪѿûκΰ취ֻ˫ǳŭ𣬶ˣصɱǣҲûк³λ̫ϳѾǸˣ
Σҡҡͷʱ仹㹻Ҳöһ㣬պ˵Ӧңˡ
޺һҲǰʱĴԣĪʵģһȻƲǵж֮⣬ЩҲûţ
ǡô֪ģһʵȵȻ˵û֪֪˶˵ȥΪһǣ̫ˣ
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪҲҡͷЦҪ£Ȼ˸壬ǹܲţһ嵱ǩͬ˺ԼΪǱˣǼҲܹ˭ֻԹԼ
պ˲ҵһЦ鵽棬Ҳ޻˵Ҫ֤֤ݣοһ嶼վһߣͿԲ²óһѾǲˣȻ
վشЦݺݵضŷƵ֪ˣΣҪԵȣͷ֮ҲԲȵĶ֣
ûǾˣҲùȥҲص
һ̣ƶȻɫһ̫ӵ˺һҪԱ
ûպ֪û˻·ҲԱҲԼƵУϵһǿߵϣ
˸ǣȻŵƶԸȣҲῴһ죡ڼæ˺һ˲Ҳ
ҲҪòڣ
պԣʱɫޱȣǵѾǼٵһֿµĲ˵ڲϵ

˵涼ǿʼâһ˲䣬֮ԻһƬ貵ɫһƬضǳ׵ؾˣ
޴죬һֿµ֮Ƿ棡
ɽǼǱݻһƬһۿȥһƬǽ壬Բǧﶼˣɴ˿ԿλԱжôǿᣡ
ȴⳡµɢȥ֮Ƭ֮󣬷ƺ̫ӵӰ𽥵ʾԱλϣ·һƬ棬ǳĬ
һˣ̫е㲻ŵʧһĳҲĴλ۾ǿߣȻ˵ûаԥ
ҪΪأûذһۣʵϾǲԱҲǳŲ˶ãǴ֮ǰͬˮƽһжѹԵƣ
˷ƵϣԱøɴ䡣
ô죬ϲģҲȻǸߣһ̫ˣʱһλŭпǣһ壡̫Ҳǳ
λ۵ض̫ϳŭԻǲһеسڴ˵أʱ򲻹Σһ嶼Ӳǣ顣
Ƴһ£Ҳ̧ͷ̫ӣȻȥǡ
ԣ̫ɫһ䣬Ҳ΢΢ŭ⻰ʲô˼ҵҲзݣҪһλôǵʲô𣿣
ʧЦ̫Լ̫˵Ļȴ÷΢΢һů
ƨСүֲ֪ôôҲЦŵеءȻȥǣ¸ĸ׺׷Ѹٸڴ˵ܹͣһ£ĸ׺׷ﵽҲǾܹѹǣ
Ǿɽ벻̫Ҳǳпܸ
ģҲԼֶΡ΢΢һЦ


2403 Ƶĵ
ô˵ȷԼĵƣȻҲҪԼ£̫Ǹϻһ֮׷Ѹٸ
֪һһ壬һľ벢ԶǰȥһĺȻǺڻ
ڸղһ˲Ѿһ򣬹ƴʱڻѾǶˡ
ֻҪƬ̣ǵȵڻ֮˵ĵһ̫ϳǾԲġ
̫ӿгģɫҲǸһĨصɫ˵ͷûм˵ʲô
תѸٵ뿪˵أɿǵķȥ
ʱһУ֪ǰǼϣҪٶȸϻǣͳԼĸס
ƿ̫ӼȥıӰҲĵ̾Ϣһ̫뻹ɿһ㡣
ƿһѾǻɽҲ΢΢һЦҲûܣ
Ϊʮֵһһλϵ˴˵أû˵ĴڣĿȻǶ׼һ塣
ȻˣԼǸɴȴλĳ֣Ȼٽӡ
һڰ֮죬λ̫ϳûпôٶȸҲ΢΢ر˫
Լ壬ԴͻƵ˴۾֮һֱûʱƽúõز鿴һԼ塣
ʶԼ壬ֻ֮ʵȷһ־ɫȻǾżǴ֮
ֱ仯ҲеƣҲ˵ڵҪֶξǴ֮
ĵ֮һȭͷСľɫ壬ȻǴӡǡ
ɫԱߣһŻתɫâϸۿԷһöӡ
飬ƵѾö飬ΪʱһЩΪ֪ı仯Ӷȫ֮С
Ժ࣬طռݣƽʱûκתĶһԼˣ֮µʱİͬӿһ㣬Ϊá
飬һֱ⣬޷ĶҲ˵ĴڣޱȵңԶ
֮У͵ܹ𣬵ȻһǲŵģĿǰ˵ӵ飬ȷǲס
ҷƴʱҲԾżǴʱ򣬾Ųסһ˲䣬ԼԺ֮ǳһֵ
ˡ
˵һϵɫ𽥵أվԲǴȻԼǣҲǳֻþʵһϵ֮ԼڵҲǴݳΪ֮ϲӶĹͷܹɹɹǴ
Ҳ˵һϵƺйϵ÷Ϊĵһ飬ص㣬ɶտ϶֪ȴʧȥ˼䣬ԶЩ
ô࣬һֵȴһֱ붼ȥ롣
һԶŵʱĳλܵ۶ɣôԼ̳ЩͬǼ̳˶Է²
Ǽ򵥵ļ̳лʲôڷ˵ǿ˵һ컯
ǼʶƶͺֶΣĳλֶ֮һպԼһЩ˼ı仯ǳΪ˱˵תǾͱˡ
һ㲢ûпܣҲǼȻɣΪʶƶͺ˵ֶΣռݺܴĸʡ
ڷûиܵκβףĴõô
պ취˽һغһҪ˽Ҫȥ磡
Ű½һܴڵʱ仹ҪΪԶãȺͷڵһЩʯ˵֪һС
統Уɽ֮صĴڡ
ȴ°֮󣬱ȻҪһ磬ԵĻʼע䡣Ҳгص
Ϊ֪һоſţȴΪԶŵı仯һֱķɢûܹռȫ飬Ҷ˵ÿһĳ֣Ѫȷ硣
Ȼڷ˼ʱʱ䲻֪ţܿʱȥˣʱɫѾ𽥵ػ谵
Ǹܵʲôһ㣬̧ͷǰһĨõЦݣô
ʱ֮أŹҲվڸߴңԶղλ̫ϳ϶Ȼسֱȥķȥӿ


2404 
λ̫ϳϵȥŹĪ˷Ϊ֪λ̫ϳ㼱æȥпܾǷѾˣ
Ѿɹλ۾̫ϳϣպ޴ʱѾˣõλ̫ϳ㼤
ƣһҪɹҪȻɾ͸һˡŹվ֮أĵ
ѡŷƺǵڶĲûа취ŹҪһѣڸʲôֻƵܹȥ
ɽϿգһ۵ķƹڰ֮УҹشһڷƮɫ𽥵ر
ǰҲղŴ֮ظķ򣬴ʱ˿Ϣһ㣬Ѹٵظ
һת۵˲䣬ҹ֮жʱǲϵػƵʱ˿ضǵıѹࡣ
ûʱȷλ̫ϳϸϵˣԭڱչȷǶȻر
ǲ֪ʲô£պֻǰȥһ飬Ȼ˴
Ȿһ˼飬λ۾Ĵڣ̫ӣλۣ֣ܹӡ
ȴֱӵ˴λ̫ϳвѹûлɵ̫ϡ
ȻƬ֮˱Ǿֵط֣պ˵ȴǶȻѣ
šλ̫ϳѾˣ
ǴΪ𾪣ͬʱҲǷŭѣûκε˼̫⣬ֱӵؾǴ֮ظ
һ·ҲǼǰУǷƺ̫ѡֵĵط̫һ壬ҪϵɽҲһ֮¡
ӣ㾿Ǻˣ
λûԶԶز˷ƵϢ»ܹܵպ˲ӡǡ
Ҳ˵ˣպ˾ڴ˵أ
ҲǿڷƵӰȻͣڴ˵أô˵ƾɱλ̫ϳϵ֣
պλ䣬νһַŭ۾Ĵڷ½Ȼ˵۷Ĵڣÿ棬һ
һ屾ͲǿƣҲۣΪ̵Ĵڣڿɺãһ⼸һԪˣ
ڸϵɽ֮󣬿һȻɫһŭ˵յ˵öʣ֣
ƾؿǰλ̫ϳϣҲ΢΢һЦǺþˣֻǵٶȱ֮лҪһ㡣
λ̫ϳ˲侪ޱȣһۣԵɫǱ࣬ǿƲ۵ΪأȻڶɱλ֮󻹸ҹڴ˵أǸǣƻֶΣ
ǽʶɢɽȴûиܵκεڣǰơ
ȵȵȿҿ͸ҲüͷŷƲ֪ΪΣԼȴһĸо
ܹһλָоƾǲ򵥵ġ
ԱߵҲǵ˵ͷͬҲָоһܣҲǳʵ㾿Ǻˣ
΢΢һЦƺǲ˶Է˼ûеƣǸʱ䡣
ǲ£صһЦλƵصǱһУΪ֪ô
껺ԣһ㶣Ҳһۣ˸е𾪡
һУĪָһ£
˵˭ѵ
ɫʱ뵽ԣв²ŷƵݣȻز²ⲻǴѾܹ֪ģ
ȻǾ͸㣡껶Ȼŭһܷ˭ⶼ֪һе飬֪һҲǲ뵽С
껲ô©ȥǰҲǹܲôֱ࣬ӵس֣˵
ٹ죬Ҳһ۾Ĵڣ껺λ̫ϳϿû˿ʤ㡣
ȴǴһƾȻǶ֣
һλĴڶ֣ⲻѰ·ô
ȻǾȥɣŭʼһĨ貵âϵ֮λΪŨ˵ӵؿ¡
ռ俪ʼϢ˺ѣ˵ӿͬҪѹһ㣡
ƬضڲɳŻϢȻؽٶ£ݺݵϯ˷ƣ


2405 ѰҼ޵ս
ûκεĳɣλǿڣκεд
ɲǴ۾֮пȫһȽס
ֻ˫ӡϢʱҲǿһ˫޴ĳȻشӱ֣
ʩչçİ岻һһηʩչȫľڵǴ֮
һ˫ɫĳתʵĹâȴǳһּΪµ
Ʊ˵ҲǸһһصķӡ˿ȥӳһ㡣
ϢȻرǣȫصλ۵ˮ׼ʵǴֱܹ֮ӵѹλۣҲûп
оƵı仯껺ҲǶȻһǺεȵĹȻ˵ع졣
䣡
һ죬֮ӴâȻرֱӽٶ£˺ɫҹգݺݵײ˷Ƶϣ
΢΢̧ͷûнκεضΪ֪Ҫλûþȫ޾壡
һϵľɫâȻرǼɽ磬ɫâܣ֮ȴǸһּȲĸܡ
ãǡ껺˶ʱһѾǲ˷ڵѰȴû뵽ǿᣡ
ѾǱϳ˷ƵӵеľǴ֮
˵֮Ϊµƻ֮һ췣֮Ǵ𼶱ĴڣǴҲǼΪɵ
СйŹ֣ȻǿƿǴ֮ŭҲֱӵرˣ
ζһ˲䣬ƵǴԭʧˣһĨӰ켣
飡
껺뿪һ˲䣬һžɫâӰǶȻس
ռֱӵر飬żǴƻСӣƵӰҲǻʾʩչçİ˫ɨӶǰԶλ
ߣѵôһҲɵô
Цսȣ֪ΪΣ˴۾֮ûȫһսеսѾǱѹ̫ˡ
񣬵¾Ǵչȭŵʱ̣Ȼλ⼸һȼĴڣƲ壬аԼҪѰҳԼļ£
뷨Ǵȥúܶ˶ޱȣǷˣȥ򣬶һѰ·ʲô
ԺɫȻŭ˵ĻԻ͵ԶʱڣҲûһ˸ôǣ
Ϊ߸ϵ½˵۷ĴڣȴǱһٶƣǼ޷ѹеŭ
Ӧþ֮ưɣҲһЦ´ŷƣɭصǴ֮Ǵ۾Ψ֮ƲǾ߱
ȱôɱϻƿǴ֮ķ˫ҲǶȻرһΪ̰Ĺâ
ûڷڵо־壬ɵǴѣǲ֪ƾεõǴ֮ȻΪһǣܹƿ취껻øǿ
ƿǴ֮ٲ飡
ΪǴ֮ĴڣõǲòɵͺʱķǸо˼顣
ɭص˵ͷҲӿ̰ͷ׷ʵ̫ջˡ
б¾ɡƶ˵ĿЦͷҲҡҡͷΪԼǺ۸ô
ӵǴ֮ûˣϵѹ޷תģЦҲâ˸ƺѰ˼ʲô취·ơ
仰ûȻƿǴ֮Ҳܹаûа취ɻɱ
Ƿƽǲһˣ
ɫ΢΢һƺҲǿԼ㣬ǾҪԼ
뵽һ㣬Ƶ΢΢ԼͷӿЦĴڣڵν޾ȥ
뵽һ㣬ҲӦ֮ߡ
ԷҪǴ֮ķ϶ǲᶯֻɱԼҪĥԼ
ǲ֪ƵĵϸҲ˵ƿԲϵȫսǲܣǲҪǴ֮İ취ҪֵĻλҪԸƣֲ֧˶ãȻתݵġ
ϧȴǿЦҪķﵽԼĿġ
ǵЦΪʢ¸ֱӵس֣׺ݵλϯȥ
ҪѰԼļޣӽ֮Ҫһս


2406 ϵ
껺˸˿֪飬ķʽڷ˵ûκЧ
ȴûϵõպзƵ⡣
ӵԽãڷ˵Խǻ㣬ΪĽ׶ΣǺڻ֮ˣʱ˿̶Ѹٵظ˵ء
ֻҪһôʤȯա
޼ɵ֮£ҲǾȫսÿһεĹ껺Ǳмܡ
ս㲻ϵسطչ󣬷ÿһεĹǻȻɣڵҲԽԽǿ
껵ԽԽľǲھĥһ㣬ηκΡ
УСϹ̫࣬ôˣϢȴ硣üͷ
Ӹտʼڣ̶ֳȵĹѾس˰СʱϢȴûа˵һҲû¶Ȼϳ
⡭
ԴʱȻؾƺ뵽ʲôɨӶͬһɽ
ôԱҲüͷƺе㲻˽⡣
ûз֣һǸСӲˡüͷ
ԣҲһ㶣ʹôӳֵڣûСӵϢԭΪҲǰһˣڲȴûзκι̫ӵϢ
˼˵껶ʱɫ࣬ôһ˵Ҳ뵽µĲѰ֮
Сѹʱ䣡һ尵г֣Ȼƾˣ޷ڶʱ䱻ɱΪе̰ڲǻعǶо㵡
ڴͬʱҲ֪ˣΪηƸһ۾˾ǸҶڴ˵λ
һжǶԷˣһ̫Ӵʱȥȥȱˣ
ɱ껶ȻŭһȻҲзݶ֣ǰǼû뵽һ㡣
Ҫ֪һۺʵǱһ廹Ҫǿ峤λĴڡ
õһ˳֣ôֵˡ
ʱҪǼƿǴ֮취Ǿ޴
ڵǰҪ飬ǰѷƸѸٻɱˣȻ뿪˵ء
ζҪ֪ͨһߣѾҲǰǰ޼ɵı
֮кܶ屻Ȱһ𣬵ʱҲ𽥵ذһЩ߷ɹˡ
һ㣬ȴǲ֪ʱһֵĻǳһ
Ժ˶ǶȻ֣񱩵Ĺϲ÷ƶΪ֮һ㶣һѵʲô
ڷƿɫ֮ҲЦ˵ģ뵽ԼĿġ
ڲŲеôƹЦľɫâϵʢţϾȻ˿زڶλ
ȻǾϵĲܹ࣬⼸£ʱƣλ𽥵÷˾ٲάľ浱Уֻǲϵرж
껺˸ǱűضɱƵľĶ֣ûκ˵ͷһιһιҪ׼ݣܿƵҲǳơ
˷ƵϢʼ껺Ҳһۣӿ˶ֵĽ࣬ǵòλǴ֮ܣҲҪɱƣ
֮˵ĻôȺףʱҪԸȻǸӵס
ȴļҪɱ֮࣬ȴǺһҪ⣬ǾǷʱ䣬ʱܹ뿪ǽϢݸȵĻܹ÷Ƶһмƻա
ȻɱƵ˼̫ˣûע⵽һ㣬תҪߵĻƸûа취
ƵϢʼˣڵǴ֮ҲʹƵʼе㷦ƴӸղֿʼѹƵʱ򣬾һֱֻܽжѾǱԽԽˡ
ʼ𽥵ظѪۣԽԽ࣬ƴͷβûҪתܣŰܹȥʵڲоֱʩչŽ۵ľ磬ԪҲٴδȵ
Ȼڷƿ֧ŵʱǽüͷȴͻȻɿ¶˾ΥЦݣΪѾǲһǿϢԶ𽥵ؽӽ
һϢȻǺڻģ
ôãڻҲǸϵˣôǰһĻͻǱ˲תҪùĿɾλˣ
ʱ˿̣ȻλҲǲ˺ڻǰϢɫ;䡣


2407 ӡ
һλ𣬵ϢõԺҲǰвҲ˲ϹܷΣֱӾת뿪Ƿǻᡣ
ƴԼƵ£Ҳǲһеĳ֣
껺λ̫ϳ϶Ȼһ㶣ɫңΪ֪ûбҪˣΪʱһλϢѾǳ׵סԼ
ҲǲҲһƽһ㣬ûܹӵóһδپѾƵ

Ȼ֮䣬ɽϿȴǸЩɫĻ棬ЩѸٵ鲼˷Բô˵رһ𳡰ĵط
䣡
һϢȻشӰ֮г֣ڻӰҲǳ˵ǰĳ֣Ҳ΢΢һЦٵ˺µһжѾǳ˶֡
λһ̫ϳϾǲӳȥ
źڻĳ֣껺˳׵ʧȥ˵ֿģڴͬʱڷƵ󣬻ϢѸٵظ
ڻһҲǽڷƵϣƺҪֱ⼸Ϣǵѣ΢΢һ£ҲЦҡҡͷϢȻ֮Լ̫ӻ׷
û뵽ʱ˿̾ȻǶˣ
Ƭ֮֮Ѹٵس˷Ƶǰǻŵʱ˲һҲע⵽һλĴڣԵɫҲǱࡣ
֮еĵ̣ڰ½֮жǿԺɨһеĴڣ
ٺ٣ʦûɡ̫ӴʱҲЦǰɨӹԺ˵ʱ֮ȴǸֹһĨ˵ĺ⡣
һ㣬˵ҪʬˡҲǴȤصͬʱ֮׷кλܹҲ÷Ƶĵǳ׵ɢǰһһһι󣬹Ҳǳ׵ش
һ壡ǡȻǣ
Կ֮ɫҲǱøӲ԰ףµ޴Ҳ뵽ЩԲɺϡ
λ𾴵̫ϳϣǾ˰ɣ˼ǽùһҲǳ׵ڴ˵أ̫ӵеɭصҲ֪ΪŹԭ򣬻̫Ӿ;⼸̫ϳϺܲ˳ۡ
֮׷ЦһλڣôҲǲκεģͬʱҲҵǺͷƵиεˣȻ´ʱŵľ͸ˡ
ǲɱң
ͻȻ֮䣬ҲЦŵɨӶڳļ˵һɱңǱ߾ͻ֪⣬һ彫Գȵŭ𣡡
룬Ҿɱ㣬ΣڻڿߵΧɫҲǶȻضƺ׼֡
ȵ¡ƻʱֹ˺ڻҲɫֳһĨأ껵˵ʲô˼
ɱ
껵ôһ仰ȴ÷΢΢ؾӦһЩֶη֣ҲһֱΪĵ飬ȴû뵽ջ
Ƕǿµӡǣһ䣬Էͻ֪ҲɭһЦеصһ£һȵǿ߲õ˵ӡʧʼ̽飬ȴǷһĸ̫ϳȫˣ˵ᷢʲô
ƵԱɫȻֶΣǰȫû֪ʼķһ峤Ҳǲ֪
˵ѣɫеǵôȵӡǣҲ
仰ǰвζУôȥͬҲУȻ˵ĻѾȲҲûʲôô
껺ԣʱ亹ǸոԼֵһĨ֮ɫҲǿʼʧˣǻûԼʲôû̸ʸ
ǾԲɱң΢ֵص˫ɴصǧȷӴȵǶȽУҲǲӡǵĴڣǵպǿµӡǣֶμΪء
껵Ӳ˵ѣҲǽüͷҲǽ׷ϣвô
׷ҡҡͷҲ΢΢ر˫Ƭ֮͵¶һ־㵵ɫķԼһΪ΢ӡǣϸѰҸ޷õ
׷ɫƵɫҲǸӵء


2408 
˵һжģ
Щ˵ڣһλǿµӡǣһĻͻöԷ˾֮ģһչ飬һжǻᱻͬЩӦվһߵҲǻǣ
ȵǿ߹ȻֶξˣȻҶûвõ׷ɫҲǼΪȻ֪ӡǻûãһǿߣȴǱԷӡǣȴ˿ûв
ԣҲһĨεɫҵûж׷֣ȻһҲǸ
Ǹô죿ڻҲüͷʵǰ֪һ£ɴֱӶֽĨȥɵòɵ飬ǵȴŶԷӡǲҲ;ԲܶǶ֡
ǱûжЩ˶֡΢΢سһ£Ҳ̧ͷʵ֮ԼظһĨ׺ݵɫλҲǶֵĻôҲùôˡ
ûУǶûֱӶ֣ǽЩĶһ֮Ѱ˴ǵλáڻҲҡҡͷڳ֮ǰƺҲԼزһ˿ףԺǴǵȣλþ̫Զ㲻֪
ԣҲһûж־ͺãȻǺñȽܵȻԼһش
ȻûжֵĻôҲǲɱˡ΢΢سҲ˳˼֮УôҪΰļһ
Ѻ壿ȻܣȻ֮򣬿Կǣκηأ̫ðˣԷƾӡǸӦ壬Ҳܹ뵽һ㡣
ɱˣ̫΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶ʧɫǰͲһȻŹһܹȹ
껺ڿƱ̬֮ҲǶȻһô˵ܹסԼһûбһλǿ߸ɱ
ǶԷĲһУôǾԶڴ˵أȲ˵𣬵ƾһ׷㹻ͷˣȻΪǿߣҲ
ɱȻǲܵ£ҲһŹǡ΢΢һĨŹֵЦݡ
̫ӵ΢΢һ㶣Ҳǲ²ⲻƵ仰ʲô˼
ȥǵΪǳ׵سΪһͨˣͿôҡҡͷЦϵΪ֮󣬰Ǵһ壬źúôǾͿˡ
껺ԣʱɫӲҰףֱ³ϵǵΪǱɱǸܣһ䵽ŵУǵ³ԲǿԽܵģ
ȻʦãſһﱻϵΪһǺܸ˵ġ̫ҲǺٺһЦԺ껵Ҳǳһֿɫ
ԸԱҲǵóѣ
ɫȻرǵȽ㣬ԱҲ÷Ƶգ
ԵϢȻرÿƺҪԱϧˣڳһλĴڣôóأ
ڻһӡ֣ڰ֮еЩɫҲһһƵ趯һɫϸһ㣬ѸٵسԺˡ
һת۵Ĺλ̫ϳȫ֫ǱһֺɫĻסЩɫʮأסĲǵ壬еڵ
ǸоõԼȻǲܿƣȴǴһȵĸоʹԱ
Ը
ûˣڻҲЦֺɫĻѾǽ˵֮УϵطһУʵ
Ժ˿ǳ׵ؾµǸûκΰ취ܣôǽ³֪ˡ
ΪҪȥǵΪһǺ֡ڻ΢΢ҡҡͷͺǲĴһЩ¸޷
ô죿ҲǽüͷȥǵΪǾǾ͵һʱը
޷Ȼܳ׵طȥǵΪȴǿԽסǣںɫѾǽǵ壬ʼϵڵһȴ޷ȫɡڻҲʼ
ԣƶʱЦһпǱҪȥΪңڵĺɫ治ϵǵһֶֽΡ


2409 Źľ
ΪɫԣǼûκηΪֺɫ𽥵ذȫɵжɶ٣һܶðλͬһ㡣
ȴȥŻҪʹ࣬³νǼΪҡ
ǾɣϾֻҪǰȵػ֮ҲνˡЦŵ˵ͷҲת̫ӵߣǻȥ֮أŹһĻᾪȵͶϲϡ
Źĸ֣̫Ҳʮֵ˷ܣ֮ҲЦصȥɣСӣûаŹҲûˡ
Լô˵̫Ҳǲ˼ӺԣƵЦƬ֮󣬺ڻҲת뿪黹ûæֻ꣬ͻȻؽӵƵϢֱӸϹ񻹵üȥ
ƺ̫Ҳͬɥ֮Ȯλ̫ϳϣֱ֮ضȥ
ʱ˿̣֮أŹһֱŲ񷣬ȴ֪ΣƵʧˣ³ҲԺòȥ
̫ϳһǽƻһԸľԼ
ģǰԼȥˡŹг˸ּþûϢ֣ǲͷ
ʱȴϢȻؽ֮أõŹ͵һҲǲǷƺ̫ϢʱҲ¶˷ܵЦݡ
ƺ̫˹ǴѾɹ
λ̫ϳ϶ǳˣƾƺ̫˿Խλ̫ϳôһ˵ŹԼš
Ȼܿ죬ƺ̫ӵӰǴŹǰŹͬһ㱻ŵλ̫ϳϣûаķ֮ʣҲ΢΢ſԼĺ촽Ϊ˼顣
λȻǰ۵ϣģŹǾ̫ˣ鶼ֱܹǲ˼飬ȴʵطԼǰ
٣ӣǻˡ̫ӿŹҲЦݡ
⡭⡭ŹʹҡҡͷΪԼ˻þһеȷǷԼǰλ̫ϳϴʱͬɥ֮ȮţûаķҲʮֵ𾪣
þȣˣλ̫ϳϣɣסΪҲûаáҡҡͷЦܹ˳Լϲ
ģҼ˼飬ǵôġŹһǿԼס
ٺ٣ǻǸӢ䡭̫ӺٺһЦҲҪϷһŹŹȴǷ˷ۣˣǰˮƽʰ
̫εһЦҲЦЦ˵ȴֱȰҡҡͷһЩıѣһλ֣Ҳûκλˡ
ŵ֣Źǵ˵ͷȻš
ΪβɱǣŹҵ̫ϳϣҲŭ⣬ҧҵĸףǵУҲãǣΪԼױ𣡡
Ҳǲõ껺λһֲֿڽǣ֣λ̫ϳҲûκεط
𣡡Ź¶ɫƺ̫غߣæֹ
һ仯ʱҡҡͷʾŹҪ嶯Ҳǰӡǵ˵
þùŹɫǻһЩǾ˵Ҫ
ƿЦŵ˵ͷҲ¶һصЦݣȻֻҪǲǰ£ʲô鶼νֻҪסɣ
Źԭź仰֮Ҳ˷仰˼ֻҪɱǣôôĥŹ顣
ðɣĻǾǻһ㡣ŹҲЦŵλû˿̫ϳϣҲ¶һɭɫ
Աߵ̫ӿһĻɵǴһҲΪ껺̫ϳϣȴҪŹ󱲵ĥνˡ
ǽҪôĬһ£ŹҲ̧ͷŷƣȵǿٶȽ٣ôпֱܻӵѰ̫ϳϣǵʱеѰˡ
⻹򵥣ҡҡͷЦ͸ǣһ֣λ۾ĳɣʣλˣڱչУֻҪ켴ɡ


2410 ӿ
֮ͣ˰ңƺ̫Ҳ뿪طλ̫ϳʲô³ǾͲĵ⣬ѾȶΨһҪȾʮ첻֮顣
ʱǰʮ壬Щ֮У󲿷ֶѾʱȵǿߣԱǣƺˡ
ڷҪػص壬Ա㲼һЩˣӦľ档
ڻص·ϣҲƶͺҲ֪˵Ѿǳɹɣλ֣Էûκεط˷ӣûѡ
ǻصʥѧ֮󣬺ڻҲǽȻһжûкķѶĹ򣬳ȴ˷΢е鷳֮⣬˶ûκ鷳
˳ҲһʮǱڵǻѾǳɹؽˣǰʮ֮֮һվԼߣôʱҲռơ
ʮ첻ʱ֮ڣƳ˰Щ֮⣬ҲǳպŮһ𣬱ϾԼҲ⼸ŮҪõһǡ
ʮ첻ʱת۾ţһת۾˵Լõʱ䣬һ磬ʥѧæ¶ǶԱȴڱչ֮еǼˣ˶ǳʥѧĹ㳡֮С
ʱҲ𽥵һЩ˳ʥѧһɳһͬһʱҲһЩϵȫǷƵĲ߻ʱҪ÷سڰ½˵ǰ
ЩÿĿ϶ǿκεع죬ǰ֪Ϣ޷ǾȻǰһҪԸǡԱҲǸ̾
˴ΣÿһɳǿߣҲڴ۾֮ϣһ󲿷壬̫ϳ϶ǳ֣õһìܱһ޷ƿصľ档
ԱҡͷЦŵ˰廹û֮ǰ˭ֻһͬһ壬ȴǰԸ־ͷҲˡ
ҲǿЦԣ治֪˻ǲңûǼλ󣬿½־ҲӦԣҵǷʧʱ֮󣬹ȴǴôһӴ
һܹȶΪ֮о
ˣǰʮ壬ӦöܹȫɣͻȻʵɨӹһʥѧĹ㳡Ҳüͷ
֪ȥһ¡쿴һ£ƺô࣬Ҳࡣ
˵꣬ת뿪ѯȥƬ̺ٶȷأɫҲǲôÿе죬ǰʮ壬ȴһûг֡
Ŷ΢΢üͷһȴеϲҪ֪ǰʮ֮Уеߵһ屻Լ֮󣬻ʣ¾ŸŸ֮УѾ߸ȷϣ뵽ȵļƻ֮С
ЩȻڴʱûг֣ĪʲôΣ
üͷĲͣ˼Ҳ벻ʲô֮ҲֻǼȥĪ߸żƻ
ʱʥѧſڣȴǳһũһߣصװ磬ûаϢһͨòͨһ
ȴû˸ߣھߵͬʱ֪ΪΣʶ˱ܿһЩ۾Ĵˡ
΢΢һЦҲֱӵʥѧ֮УͬʱǷƣλɫ΢΢زһ£ͬһʱſ֮
һλͨװ߳ǵǰ΢΢վҲһλ߶ȥżͷ˵
ΪǰƳߵǰ֪Ҳ˼ֹȻһλڵϢȻ㣬ĳֲڳˡ
ƲǰϷƣҪһȺۻᣬϷҲǺӹһ£֪û˻ӭ
Цصһڵȴ¶һЦݣ÷Ʋκεĵ⡣
ȻӭȻ֪ǺεҲûκεҲǰ߹ӭλƺͷȥ֮˶ʱҲǷ
Ȼ֪˭ȴ֪½ĴڣվȻԵʥѧ̫˼ˣ
ʱƳںȼ˵ǰڻҲ΢΢رɫҲǳ˹ɫ


2411 ̸
ƿˣȻɫҲ΢ˣԴ⼸˵ڲּǿԻصϢ
ּܹǿ߶˸ܣˣ
һӾӵλ۰½ҲǰȺۣ
η˭ҲˡҡҡͷҲǸ̾
ԱԣҲЦŵǰˣֻѣ»ָյ汲µٹ⡣
ԹһЦҲǶŷƣ¶һĨЦݣһָ汲ٹ⣬ͳһ仰һվǱ̬ˣվϣ
һ壿
һ£һǰ½֮е壡
ȴ˵ԼԴһ壿
ûмǴĻһ˵棬һǲ뵽ļƻ֮У̬Ϊιʣ
ô㵵飬ҲǵصСӣտɲ򵥡
Ȼ֪Ƿʲô飬Ҳ΢΢һЦ¶һгıǰɷģһЩСҪڰиСѡ
仰ƶȻ۾һ˫ǵ˫ҲǱһâֱŷƣǾȻ֪ˡ
Ƶ˵ͷû˵£Ҳû˵ƣ΢΢Цŵ֪ѡ
ƵɫʼԼҪһ´֮ҲǲԼ򵥡
ǰе㲻ףһ֪ɲǰ̬ȵġ
Ƴһ£ջǰԼеɻ˵˳
Ͼշһ鱨һǲ뵽ƻΪʲôȴð̬
Ǽ󱲲£ϹͷҲֻԵ߶һ¡ЦЦʵڱչأȫ峤һּƻȫûоڶ೤ϵľ
ΪϵĴ֮һȻǲһðգҪ֪λ
˴ǰҲ۵ؿǿƣҲǸӵȷҪվһߣԭ߷һ¹ȵ飬û뵽ȴһ֪ɫ
Ե°ҲǸ̾ηǴʱһǲʶʱվĶ棬ºϰ
Աô˵жʱ˹ҲһĨɣһǡþһȸպ෴
ڰѾʱشһѡվһߣҲǴؼһѹô˵ʱһ壬ӵаȴڣ֪ڵһǵڶ壬ֻӵжǿĵ̡
Ƶĳ֣ҲǴŵʶһǰʮһЩʵҲһԼɶΪһƵĴڣȻһλһ
ôһ룬Ҳǳ׵Ҫһս֮ϣܹ󻯡
ǰһ󣬲֪ܲ˵ҲЦŵɫ֮͸¶һֿû˿١
Ŷ˵Ҳ¶˸ȤɫҪ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
²ţһˣ֪ɷһ룿̹ȻһЦܹһ֮Уôļƻͻɹף
ˣǺεȵĺ꾫Ҳǲ²⵽˷Ƶͼһˣһһһε֮󣬾͵˽ӽ½
ʱɲ򵥣Ҫ֮еĵһ
Ƶɫ仯ҲЦҡҡͷǰ֮ԽˣΪĳЩ飬ЩǼλһ㡣
ָǺЦ飬ȷǼλ̸һ㣬Ҳ԰ƵʵѾǹܹڤڤ֮вһ˿Ѱ
Ƶ֮һĻܣƵɫҲ࣬Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ô˵ܹ𼶱ڵǿ̸߽˵ҲһĪңڵľһ߾ܹΪ𣬵վǣ绹Ųࡣ
ҲǴŰһº𣬱ðƺ⼸һ
һĻȻڳǿߵĽ
΢΢һЦһĻҪҪ֪һ嶼վһߣǻʲô岻ʶôĻʱҲ޵Ĺ
ʱƣԽԽҲǳˣΨǰʮʣİ˸ûг֡


2412 
ԼĪһڳֵ壬ҲŲˣд󲿷ֿȷǲ뵽ȵ֮УһЩ̬Ǻˡ
һ壬ûʲôţìܱȴʵֳ֮󣬺пܽǵѡ
ʱȻһּΪ΢գ˱϶˵Ц˭֪Ц֮µĿ
ʱ򣬶Ȼ֮УʥѧȴǱʮǿƣ
ЩǿƣֵúͻȻҲſ±˲֪ƵɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ҲˡЩһ
ܿ죬ʥѧǰǳһԼĪʮ˵Ķ飬⼸˵Ϣ쳣ذ磬붼֮ϣ
֮⣬ǰĻмˣɫڵϢȴû¶㣬ȴԸһּΪļµĸоһЩ˳֮ҲЩľ㵣ôһǿԿԺɨ½ˣ
ѾǷ׷׵ز²Щ˵Ȼһ˶ǴǰʮĸԴÿһΪ֮ϣȴǰĸϢ͸֮⣬ϢΪ£ŰƲ£
ʱվǱú΢ˣ˸ȻΪ˶Ը壬һڳλ嶼˳Ĭ֮У̬ı仯
ƿһˣþù󣬲ԭˣǷǰʮ֮Уѹֻһ֡
µ񣬲ǷƣǺҲǿ˾Ʊеգĸȵ𾳴ڣԲǿߣʮλԸѾ㹻ˣ
һĺһ壬ڶһ塭ƿλԲǿߣҲǸ̾Щǿߵ̿ɲǿЦģ˾ѾĴˣ
ʱһƶ˵һ˳֮Ҳֱӵˣ˼ѾԵòˣ
ȻǼϲģôȥˣǵûͦڡ
Ȼʱ򣬺ҲסˣȻɳǼλҲʶҽ鲻ǳһЩԹڡ
û뵽Ȼ㡣
Ϊ׵ȵһǿ߳ĬƬ̣Ҳĵص֮صһſϵӣһ˫ǵڿ֮ҲǾâ䣡
ʱһƬ춼Ҫһ㣬һ˵ѹָ˵û˵죬ΪǿߵĽ棬ǻԶԶûʸ뵽
»ʧˣҲûƶʱҲǻվɫеĮȻصңңĸˣе⡣
λ𣬾ͽҲʱ˿̣һȵǿҲص
ͽ˵ϣֻǲǵѡʱҲǿڵ⼸ˣҲǸ̾ʱ֮УЩҪԼĴڣʱԼȴѾǲվһˡ
Ҽǵ㣬һʲСӣû뵽ȻҲǽ硣˵һҲϳ𣬱Ͼͷʵܶǿ뿪½
˵һϼһôûܲǴǰǼɰɡҲЦˣԪޣ鼫ǶˣֺαزĿô
ôһ˵Ϊ׵ǿߵҲԼݣΪ׵һΪһȵϹŶ˷ֱǹԪޣй鼫ͬһǿߣΪȵĵ̣
Ҳ˵ʲôˣӽԺ󣬲ڣ
һһۺˣҲֱӵص˴˴εĿģȻֱӵҪ壡Ƶ˸Ӷ͸¶һַŭ̫ˣ
ƾǼҡҡͷҿǣƾ⼸Ҫ壬»еѡ
Ȼǲ֣Ҫ⼸㹻ˡȵĹһصɫ˵ĺĲһȴ֪һε⻹в֡
ؿһ۹һҲǸ̾˲Ҫû취һ𼶱ǿߺƤ˵ֻöԷһ취ûС
˵˲оͲСЦһǰĶԹҲʱ˽ˡ
˽᣿ҲãϷҲǿһܲܳĽһҡͷ̾Ϣ


2413 ΢ı仯
仰һ˽ɫ΢䣬һѵѾߵ˼ô
ٺ٣ϲģҵҲǿ㻹жͣɳЦҲǱǿƣõʥ㳡֮еڶǿ߽ɫһ仯̫ˣ
ƾƾѹڳĲǿô𾳵ĴھȻǿˣ
ȥԸѡְɡһϵض˵Ҳڰǿߵʣ¾Ϳˡ
ЩǿϢǲȫλ֮ϣԲĴڣǻܶԸһûӻ壬ôҲǸȥ鶹װˡ
һϵ嶸ȻһͬʱǶˣ˵Ӱͬʱʧԭأ֮ƶ𣬺ڻȽˣǹԪˣʱѾǶˣ
ǵټʧʥѧʥѧ˶ܹɲӴϢ
⼸λ뿪ʥѧٶȼžžܹĵ˵ǿߴʱǽڶǿϣҲ¶һɵЦݡ
ûӵ壬ûǶԿ
ʱȴͻ֮Ȼظһѹѹƣ鲼ʥѧһĻõúܶ˶Ǿ㵲ѡ
Ǵٵף
ƵһۣɫҲǱأ˭ʱʼ˽
ܿ죬ڶǿ߶һ㶣ֲԴȻʥѧڲҡһһ
ͬʱ״۾ʲôҲǶɺͷԣ׷ʲô飿
ǲӰɭˣҲǿʼ˽΢΢Ӧһ£ҲǲɲԴȻɭͲӰˣ
һֱڱչص˾ȻʱǴһ
ʥѧ֮еڶǿ߽˳Ĭ֮У̫ˣǷһʱȻǳͬʱ۵
һ壬һ֮ҲѰҲôţ
ȻǱҪ֮󣬽Ǵѣ
ǿ֮Ҳ˸̾ôչȥò˶ãͻΪ½֮ϵˣ
޷չҲ壡һǿҲĮȻصȷǵԸûӻ壬̫׾ˣ
ɫ΢䣬Ҳǻ˻֣еǿҲǾۼһձýζЩ˴ŵɭͲӰ˵Ľס
ģ仯ǹĪ⣬Ȼܹͬʱ˽۵֣Ҳиţ֪϶ڰв߻һЩ飬û뵽ֱ仯
֮Ȱ㻹Ƿֿɡһλ˵ǿҲЦƵΪǲҪͰӲô
ƣҲʶʱ񣬺αҪκһأ
һһλ̫ϳȻϳ˰ƵݣҲЦΪûӻ壬ʲôΪ
Ʋ֪ղźʲôʱȴЦصϹ֣ҲҪһ㣬ô۸壬ϷҲǿ۶ѡ
ߣʶôΪϹֵǿȻǱƴʹ㣬ȷôôԸ壬ܲ壬Ϊɱ壬Ҳǲһˣ
ʶôҿǰɡЦص֮ȴ͸¶һֻɫõĥ͸ǰѾǺˣĪΪŷıǮô
岢Ҫ½İָֻյٹ⣬λôҪԴ壬ȻҲǲʹ˰֡ƴʱҲ⼸Ц
ߣ޴ĺ󱲣㻹ûƣǺҵϹҲЦŵ˻֣źܶʥѧǿɫǱ仯վһ£Ҳվ˰˵ǿһߡ
ΪǰôôϹֹЦؿЩ˼¶ľɫǽһ顣
ܿ죬ǷֲԾˣƵɫǰƽûκβϹֵһۣһüͷѵƱɵô
󣬺ϹҲǿʥѧĹ㳡֮Уһֵǿûվ¶һɵɫ
ʲô˼Ϲ˫ĿŭɨӹЩһ壬һ壬һ壬ٻһ塭ȵȣʮǿ߾ȻûаԼ֣ǲ⡣


2414 ȼյս
Щǿ߶û˵һЦɫźϹ֣ǵڿһСһ㡣
˵Ƶǰ
ʱ˿̣ٶȷˣЦؿźϹֵһǿߵΪ԰Ըô
ϧ֪
仰һúϹֵӵɫʱƾȻ֪ˣ⵽ô£
Щ˽㿴ҿ㣬֮¶ǲ⣬һ¼Ϊأô©ģһǱǲ߷ʮ壿
ߣ֪ôĶϹҲŭصһʮĶҲŭص߲Σƾǻܹô
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣǰʮ壬վڵλһѾˣçһ˵֮λϾңҲ๼
ƻصƳһЩ˵ûҪ½İκǱֲ̫ң
ϹֵɫǱüΪÿƵ֮ⷬоǰǵΪɾԵģպ屻ˣ½ȴǰʮΧ塣
ߣ컬ļһ˵ЩҲֻǴѡһǿɫҲɨӶվǱߵǿݣȻʮĲ룬ԼҲǲǿ߲࣬ȴкϹԼڶһǿߣͰһǴԲľ硣
ôԼ߻źܲƣǵҲǲη廹ŷ̵Щѡվһߵ壬ѹһǣҲ̫һ壬ѾǼΪðգ壬ǻֵĻ»Ĳ
ϹЦһҲǸѡΣǽնԸֻ壡
仰˵ĺ΢˼ҲǺֱףֻҪѡվһߣҲʲôѣȻٴʱꡣ
ƻӶԼվŵǿߣ˵˵ʮ֮⣬ԼĪʮ壬Щǿ½ǰʮȥ
ǴʱȴѡվһߣҲ÷΢̹һ㣬ô˵Ҳûй¾սζҲǹЦ
ʥѧǲϵػصŷƵЦǧ֪ΪΣԭĬѾõǿ˷Ƶȳ˺ĴЦ֮ÿ˵ɫǿʼ˱仯ʼ
һ˵͸ı仯ʥѧǿϲһͬԼûõЦһεսʥѧ֮г׵
ÿһǿ߶һ˲ڵѪҺǷ˫֮͸¶˲ڣ
ս
ÿһǿΨһͷ
ǰ֮ƵıӰ֮бΪȵս⣬˶ȼһ֮еսҲ޷ѹ֣
Σǿڰ½ܵȷذżЦΪİ½ͷ壬֮ʵ»ˣ
Σ콾ҪΪŬκˣûһܹɹ
弴ˣҲһֱûзΪŵǲѪҺֱ˷Ƶ˵ĳ֣ǿٶϣ
һսܹɹ֮½֮ڻ˭Υ棿
˯ʨڴʱ˿ȫѣ
ս
ѹǿ֮еǿսǻǧ˵һŭʱ˿½ڲ
һ壬һЩǿҲǳĬƬ̣Ҳÿ˵޾ս⣬Ѿѡһ𣬼ȻѡˣǾ͹ͬ
һ˱ǿƣʱðЩǿߵƼ٣һЩ۾ǿ߶Ǹо۶ɵս⣬ڴʱ˿̺εر
ЦˣЦøӲˡ
ƻ̧֣һ£ҲǸЦΪܹԸô̫ˣʶһ£ĵ̣
仰һʱõúϹֵ˶ɫ䣬̣
֮гȴλ֮⣬ȻʲộܹΪ̵ľԲѰĶǶĵ飬ûκε̿ԣ


2415 λ
ͷˣôӲϹֵϸһ£ҲǾ÷˵ֻǺŪ˶ѣҪʿȴʵûκε̿ԣ
ôҲǲмʲô磬ֻɱһֵЦݣ֮˻֡
һɫӰǳ֮Уʥѧ֮ڣɶ˳һЦ⡣
ɶĳ֣ܶǾɶǵòǸǿͻȻظܵһļ£
ǺϹֵ˶ɫ͵һ䣡
Ůӵĳ֮ȻǸһֺܴѹȸУǲΪ֮Ůӵʲôͷ

һһǿʧؾȻһȻڳЩǿǾԲָܵоҲΨ𼶱Ĵڣܹ˼ɵ
֮лŵλĴڣ
һڶǿ߶ʱ֮ɫǱˣһȫû󵽵£֮гȴλ֮⣬Ȼǻһλ
ʱ֮£Щ˵ɫͱüΪؾһһ㿴ҿ㣬˵Ӧ˵Ǵʱ֪˵Щʲôã
ĵ̾ȻһλһƾͶʱֹˣڵǿ߶ǲһΣա
𣬱˵ǰ½֮ҲǶĴڣȻźϹһλԲǿҲδܹԸһ
ӺοǿߣҲǶɶ΢еɵɶֱȴǸɶʵһ
˵ضɶĿ࿴˵ˡ
ɶĳ֣жʱǱһֹļžû˸˵ǿضš
ǻ˵ԼôƹЦ⼸λǿߵɫ仯õǿģ
ʱ˿̣Щѡվߵǿ߿ɶĳ֮ȻҲһ㶹Ҳ¶һֿϲɫ
ĳ֣Ǿбһ¾ƶ˵Ǵ
ôȻᣬǾ˵Ǵʱѡˣ
Щ֮Уһ󲿷ѹòվһߣʱĳ֣ȻҲ֮г˿ϲ
һŹһ֮׷ʱĶһԭ˵ŰգžԵİգ
һҲǹƴΪֻ򣬵ûõ֮ڻһ
ҲպΪһʧߣһжעҪʧܣ
ڳİǿ֮Уûκܹ赲ɶһֵĻô־Ȼʵ
˰ˣ
ϹɫüΪ࣬ı仯ûκΰȥᷢʲô顣
ڵѾֲƿˣˣǾǲˡ
úݵƣһһҲǸ̾ǰʮĲ߷ҲԤϲȴٶһһҲǸӲ˵ˡ
ǵļıǲҲʱһ㷴ѡһЦ⣬ͲЩǿ߻ŷ
µˣҲǲܵġϹغһһһǿߵǶֶԸȡٶȰеĶֽһ
Ϲ侲֮ҲǴŵطһˣֻս
Ȼ𣬵Ҳûһ֮
Ҫ֪ϹֺһһλԲĴڣһжֵĻ뻹ܹһ
˾Ҫᣬذѳеǿ߾ز׿ɶϵʵʥѧǲһ㡣
ȻаڣֻҪǷֻǣס˾Ϳʼ֣δûϣ
˵ϣˡ
ֻҪܹɹסͰ֮⣬˵ǿߣûа취ֹƣ
Ϊǿ֮źܶλľ磬һߣ󲿷ֶλһЩ۾Ĵڡ
ٻһ࣬ΣҪƴ˵
ٶȱҲǶɶؽսɡ
ɶ˵ͷҲӰȻʧͬʱϹֺһλǿҲһۣȻʧԭأ
һֱӵر˵жǳսʱҲûк˵Ŀܣ
ְɣƹһЦҲǸ˾ɫâ˵۾֮µĶѾûа취ѹƵҪǣЩĴڣ


2416 ս
ɶ˵Ķ֣սҲһӾͱ
ʥѧǳΪ˿µսʱգʱ˿̣½ҲǸܵõֿµĲ
û˸ҿʥѧĴڣһʥѧǱս֮С
߲ʵâ̻һʢǴ۾ϵĲܲ뵽еսЩʥ۷壬벽ۣûа취
ʥѧſ񱩵ĻǺѹѹƣǴȻҲͬһʱؽٶ£
ɭͲӰ˵ǴҲаһЩǿҪûƻ˵ǴǷ֣һǴҲ˳ܵǴĹ
𽥵أǴٵ򣬼һƬյش˸ҿ
ʱҲǲϵؽնɱžɫâżǴֱӵرڳڶǿҲһѹ
̫Ҳǲ뵽ս֮УӵкɷǴ֮ںܶ۾ǿߣҲһΪֵĴڡ
Ƶ˼ûЩͨĴ۾ϣǿʼѰЩĶ֣һռƣвٵλֻаһԲǿߡ
ˣһۿȥѾǷְƾȻǱλλǣƣǳ鲻ڻ죬̵˴ʱҲǷ׷׵ŸԵĶ֡
ССҲԻ˱壬뵽һսνǼΪػң
ûпȥѰҶ֣ڵĸȫĴڣһ飬֮ɫâϵţõöԷΪͷۡ
ͺһλͻûƹȥֱ֮ӵͷһżǴ֮ɧš
ƾƴĻƴλǾżǴҲǲСӣЩ˿һɫâ֣æ˺
͵Ǵлɳˣƾϵڻҵս֮Ĵߣõð֮еǿ߶Ϊҧץ
̫ˣһ൱ĶڽͻȻسһǴ֮
ӲɣǾżǴ֮Ϊ֮ɵ˵ЩǿˣһжܣֱǱ׽ס
ò˵־ٶҲóϵľһãȵռϷ磡
ʱɶλԲĶ֣ҲûжѹҺϹҲ֪ͲɶĶ֣ҪľǾܵסɶ޷뵽ս֮С
ڰƣҲΪգĸλǣƣʱһãԼҲǺòȥ
Ͼһ֮ĸλⱾһ˼飬ƻֻԲ
ܿвǿ߰ע˷ƵϣżǿѸٵش˸ԵĶ֮Ѹٵһ׼ƶ֡
ƴʱҲǲΧĲźüǿҪΧסԼӵоżǴҲԲǶĵˡ
ƵҲΪֱӣתߣսȦǶЩ۾ǿ֡
һĻöԷǿеΣʱҪȥԸƣͬʱҲǱ߷ˡ
޷׷ɱƣֻؿŷ뿪
սޱȵزңеѾǿʼǿˣȿʼǴ۾ǿߣڷƵĲ֮£ֱӵرǿߵ䣡
Щˣûκ飬ѣһֱ
ӵоżǴ֮Ըκһ۾ǿߣûʲôѹǶԷһ۾۷ĴڣǸоеԶԸô˵һǿҲ޵ؽӽ
ʥѧϿգǵսռ䣬ʱȻҲѵõذ˸ĴͬĿռ䣬Ȼͬһʱͣ
Ȼ·õȵλеԽܡ
廹ӵһλصǵļƻ˵Ĵ
Ȼ˵ػưֶζܹóһϵصҲɶòҲһ㶣ɶ½պյͷû뵽Ȼ֡
֪£Ҳһ㶡
ǲ֪һϵҲǷʵ
ʼ֪ڹһϵĿ׳ʲôҲǷҡͷЦϼһǵļƻҲǳ׵ˡ
û˭֪ءһϵɫҲҲߵһٶǱơ
Ҫ񣿡ЦҲ𽥵ر


2417 ȾѪı
˸Ҳٶȶ֣һβûһǰ㣬˿飬һ˫ƴҪɱԷ˼
ŹһŹȥĶԹһƱҪֳһ£һһ
ٶȶ֣½˶ܵĩյ٣λ½˲
ڼսˣȴǲ֪ⳡս֮ȴõһЩȴǲлѰ
ڷƵĲ֮£۾һߵսһߵҷƳּǲ飬ɵĽǣ˵Щ۾ǿߣҪôҪôˣûκεս
֮ܿ£۾ߵսؽߣֻǸ˵ĴۣѾȡ˲ơ
ˬ죡̫ӹЦӵкɷǴ֮ͬȼĶ棬Ȼǲô̬ܹ˺
ˣôЩˣ΢΢һЦ˫֮ҲǱ˿µâֱһߣսأ
ЩóȻؼսȦĻ᲻ܴ󡣡̫ҲüͷоǷ̫³çˡ
İɣЩ˲һ壬ֱȥǵˣһԷҲͷۣҪע˵ʱԲҪɨһڳʮۣЩм½Ķʮ֮еһЩ̣˴Ҳȫ֡
˵˵ͷҲǺƺƵؼսȦ֮Уò˵һٶʵǸЩĶִ˺ܴš
൱Ķ֣ʱ˿ȴǱȻҪԼۣȻ˵˿Щۣʱʱɧһ£Ƿʤ
֮еǿĶǳ˱˵õĹƽأӵ¡
һеԴͷƴʱҲǰ͵ЦѣعƽսֲǾ˭ܹŵ󣬾ʤһ
Ϊ壬ΪԼΪ˷˵壬һζǲʧܣ
ȴ꣬ǳһƣһʧܵĴ۽Ƿǳأǻᱻ壡
Ϊ˲ֽܳƵҲǲһУֻҪܹȡʤôһЩֶΡ
ʥѧ֮жǻŷڵĴɱÿһ˶ɱֻۣжֵˣܹһ㡣
ʮ۵ļ룬Ȼûа취ųЧѾðеǺͷˡ
ֵȼĴڣһͻǱشǲֳܷκεɧţһ׽סӭĽǿɱ³
սؽţɱ˻ƻ裬󣬻ܹվŵ˶Ѿǲ࣬ǳΪ˵ڵϵʬ壬ʧȥκεս
ҲǺòȥΪݣܶؿһлֱӵ֣ƺܶβѾʩչη
ƶƵֵزõҲõȥ̫Щ۾ĴڣֻǲƬ֮󣬱Ǳ˳ս֮С
ƣǿԽɧţȴûа취־ãһһ֣Իˣ
ԣŻƻĳ֣ս֮Ҳǿʼ𽥵ƽѾشһ죡
ʥѧ洦ɼǵصʬ壬ǼѪɺӵľ
ʱڼŽʮˣ
ͬҲˣò뿪սƣƣ֮׷ĸǻڼš
֮УǻŽӽʮˣ
ʮһλλÿ˵϶ǶٶŲСơ
ƴʵǿм뵽ּսȷǺǿǱʩչˣɼĴʵжôѡ
Ϲͷһˣ̫ûж֣ǶˡҲǹһЦϵմ˺ɫѪ
ĸλΧվǸ߳һƴŸ˵ǰ֮£ǿնɱ˶һλ
֮׷ҲǺŸԵĶֶ൱
ǰδϣʵҵҲǴϢЦȴɨӶʮλǿߣɫҲǱе㵣ǡ
·Ѫɺӣڶʬһ𣬸һּΪ𺳵ĳУҪ֪ЩһǴۻҲֻԶ
ҿǵܹ֮ҲһλλЦӵ˸ߵսܣھͿĸˣֵסʮˣ


2418 ս
ƿһԼߵ״̬ȷǲһߵݣȴǲõɶһߵľƺҪֳʤˣ
ôֻҪټһ£ܹǻһζʤ
һս΢΢سĬһ£Ҳ̧¶һųսӡ
ȻˣǾս
ҲǹһЦĿɨӹЩǿߣڵϢٶǱһħ١
֮׷ʱȻ϶ٶһƣʱһˣǾ͵ǰϣ
ˣĿɻǸԵ壬Ƕˣ
뵽һ㣬֮׷ҲغһǰİǿߣҲ̹ȻһЦս
һΣǷֳʤҲͬؽպ½ĸ־ôһӡ
徿Ƿܹ¾𣬾͵ÿˡ
⼸˵սⱬ˵ǿҲǸŭһսٶȼһ޹⡣
һΣΧŰƵλ׷֮ʱҲǸӦһ֣ʣλǰĿ˷Ƶϣ
ȻλҪԼ֣ҲǿЦҡҡͷֻǾʱ䣬޷ɱԷԷҲûô׻ɱ
ѾʩչηȲѣٴʩչΣǵĴΣ
ֻҪʱϵɶս֮󣬾ܹɰˣǵȼսƲûָܹݵؽս
Ǻ˻ȵˣڶ̶ʱڽսұ˴Ϊ𾳣Ȼʵ֣֮һα˴˵Ķֶ൱
ʱɶȷռ˺ܴƣƾѷɫΪѾǽϹֺһһԲǿӲѹס
ʱƣλǿȻҲģ˵϶ǳſµƣͬҲƴʱ䡣
ɶ΢΢һüͷʶɨӶ·սҲǲ˷Ƶ˴ʱҲȷƱø
ɶȫ˾һŮɱһͳԿϹ˾Ǹӵؿ಻ԣ
ҲӣΪ𼶱Ĵڣ˵Ϊܹӵ̶ֳȣѾǺ˲
ҲǳŲ˶ˣֻҪһܣô·ЩȻҲ޷սȥ
ɶȫעͶս֮УÿһµĳƬص𵴣ĩս١
ᴩգϹֺһһλǿߣ֧Ƭ֧֮ȥ
ۿžҪܣʱϹ˫֮ҲǱһַɫһǿߵֻǿܲƴźķѱԴ֮һɱҲҪˣ
ǿѾǿʼؽӴ˱ԴԲĴڣʵѾû̫Ĳֻ࣬һЩֶΣʩչǲܡ
һǿ΢УƽϢһڵǷڲѵϢҲǵ˵ͷôʱäĿؽ֡
ãǾͶְɣϹ¶֮ɫʱϢʼÿ˫Ŀֳ֮ɫ
һ̣Ϲֵ嶸Ȼֱɶ˹ȥ˺Ϲڵ񱩣ɶҲüͷֱӵҪˡ
ɶʵȻܹóԷҪֶͨԼ˺ҲֱӲ
ϷԵһĻȴǳˣϹǳˣһһһǿȴǶȻתֱӵƿȥ
ĶΪѸ٣һνóľǿռ֪ôͻȻһĻûܹԤϵõ
ɶȿһ˾ȻѣҲǲһ㺮⣬˷ʵΪ׺ݣ
Ϲ˶Ǿסˣûõһǿ߾Ȼֱӵȥ
ԭһǿѾǲ޷һȻȵǰѾǱȻģ
Ϊ˱סԼɴֱӵزܺϹ֣Լ˵ֻҪԼ뿪ˣѸٵػصУתˣպܹɽ
ͬʱҲΪȥʱǷ˷츲صı仯ɶηϹֵڵǿϢֱӵ֣
ϹָǵֵƬ̣ѾɶӲնɱ
֮ǰϹֵ˫֮ǳһŨҵزģ½ĵһǿߣ£ʵǲģû취


2419 Ļ
źϹֱֵӵؾѾŤת˹
ɶڽ˺Ϲֱ֮ӵؾٶȷʥѧ֮Уʱ˿̣ɶڳҲųһЦݣ
ǷƣղѾǱλǿ߱ȵ˵ʩչĵز
ʱɶ˫ĿһӰֱӵؾԭʧĿȻΧŷƵλ
һǿѺͺϹһ̿ʼʥѧЩ֮еǿ³Ѿעˣ
ĲΧŷƵλѹû֧ŹƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾǴˡ
ɶҪһնɱǣǷȴֹˣΪΪô಻ݵĳˡ
Щ˶֮еĵ̣һǿɱˣȻݲʲô鷢ȴѾˣδʱ䣬˭Ҳ˵׼Щ᲻ٶȳʲôʱɾ
ͺ壬һĹ̥ƣѲҲǲһƷƵˡ
Ϊ˳ûжЩ˽նɱͷĺϹǱҪ֮⣬Ҳܲɱ;ɱ
λλڿƾȻǲɱǣһۣɫǸӣջǵͷ̾һ
ڽ˷һߵս֮ɶҲٴζһѹİƣһֵܹ֮ڣҲò˵һ漣ˡ
İѾûеɼֳʣ¶Ѫܵ˺ۣλһΧǵСӡ
ɶļ֮󣬰Ҳǿеһսȥ
ɶĶƾΪÿһγ֣õһɶ
ֱӵشʧȥսȴûнһĻɱ
һת۵Ĺʥѧ㳡ĵϾǶ˼˲ǽһң֪ȥ
ʮ˰˸׷֮ԵɴֱӵطսȥĽҲʧܣҲǲù
ֱһ̣һεս֮лȫʤ
ʱ֮еҲǾɢԶȴ͸¶صĳһս֪Ѿǽһһҹ
÷ϲǣһβʤɭͲӰҲȫؽ׳ɹ
֮ٶȶλ۾ǿߣһ֮壡
Ϣ֣ȻɭͲӰˣ˳ʥѧ㳡֮УҲǷǽս
Ҳһ㶣Ѿرչһκܳʱ䣬ղǸոս۳أȴǿôҵһĻ
ǿڵµµÿһ˵Ϣļ²ѣ¾Ǿˣһ˵ķƲ֪˵ʲôá
ѵһжǷģ
жʱ˿κˣΪ˴۾֮󣬾ܹһСŷƵľ룬ȴû뵽ԶԶؽ
һۣЦѣٰڳʵǰҲòǷƵȷǱҪǿ
ʱķƵȻûаעɭͲӰϣǽע˺ǵս棡
ڴֻǶˣڰ½Ѿ˿裬һڰгҲûκô
ȥæɡɶصڳҲֻһȥ뵽ֲεս֮С
ʵʱ˿̣ȵλҲ֪ѾȥƾǸ޷ؾƣҲֻʧص̾һ
ǲɶϢ֮󣬹һΪ׵λҲ֣ͣսȥ
Ҳûм׷ΪҶ֪ɶİҪɱһ𣬽ޱѵ顣
ңЩıȣǺĻɱĻǵǲ壬岻ֻͬҪһȵŭȻҪܡ
Ȼ˵ʱǹھ½Ҫ濹Ȼ϶Ҳǲܵ顣
尡ջСǡһʧصгϧǴ˴֮ǰܹɳٶһλôͱȻʧɣ
ϲģΪȻǰȵôУҲ϶ܹ˵ͶġԱҲЦ
һ˳ĬʵҲȷͬ˵һ㣬ʵǰһҲκ硣
պκ˸磬ɱ⣡
һĿһ·ķƵˣҲЦŵ


2420 
һϵޱȵ͸½һ̣һǻصһ㣬ֱӵպֵܳ磡
ٺ٣ϼһͦǿӲģͲ»᲻ȥôԱҲЦ
Ƶһǿ߶ʱܵõһʲô취ѵҪȥô
⼸ǲܵ飬һĶ⼸ˣôȵǿ߱
ڵ廹ֳܲغһֹ˼ߵɶɫƽصλһϣȻ㶼ô˵ˣҵ岻Ҳˣպǿ߽ٶ£ұ֤һɱһ
߳ɱĻϵػصʥѧ֮Уʱ˶ǳĬҪȽа壡
һϵɫʱޱȣûõƾȻͬİ취Ըǡ
ߣһĴ۾Ҳô˵ҲǼЦƾҲûа취˺ǡ
ƵǿƣõǿеһڱʧȲ磿ǺãͬҲǲǽȣ
֮оһĵĹ涨κܵǿߣǲܽ°½һΥȣӴ˸˵
ˣҲ˺ģպڰ½ȵǿһ֣һɱһ
Ͳˣܹʱɳٵ磬ĴڣֻҪ𲻲֣ѹǲЩʵԸ𣬵Ը㹻
ϼһ˹ȥ磬˵ҪԵĽ𣡡ԱҲЦŵ
ƶȸûκεƣĸ𣬽Σ˭ܹõ
ߣ壿
һҲ˦һ䣬ȻǶԷƸղŵľٶǲǴʱ붯ֶԸҲǲܡ
ҪضԷĿǿ԰ԼĸһֱѹŲֵԭΪɵȣǱ
˵֮󣬹һвҲֻƿȥ˴Ƕ֣νԵ˷ƵС
߻ʮжȴǱƿӦԣΪλѹһУȴû뵽Ȼǿֲ˹Ӳ˵λ
һ㣬Ǵ˴ʧܵҪأǼ̫ԴˣΪƾȵ˵ǰ½֮УҲûʲôɣһȴԵˡ
ԵĻ˱뿪ҲֻǻߣǷһݻҲǱش
һ⣬һǵж϶Ҳ޷أΪһжֻǹһԾûȵ߲֪ǳɹˣһ㣬ʧˣٵĲ߲֣Ҫѹ
Ϊ綼йԼĸɳǿ߽·İ½һΥˣһʧˣΪ˹ȵ棬Ǽһʱܡ
ô˵˴Ľڷƣ˵ɶֵÿ񻶵һ£
ȼǰǿߣڿȵλ뿪֮󣬲԰׵֮Ҳ¶˼ɫ
ʱ꣬ٶˣ
һβڰ½֮Ҳ޷ֹһȫΪƣ
ûзƣ»һ壬ò˵һܹ֮ΪֽŷźܴĹϵ
ʱ˿̣ʥѧĹ㳡֮Уǳſĺ˵ǿڴʱǸоһֽ
ֽԴһ֮Ӱƣ
ڿȵλ뿪֮󣬷ҲڵһʱҲûκֹܹĲ
󣬲Ӧ˵һ̿ʼͼǰ½֮Ǻһ壬Ҳ޷ȣ
ȴǿ֮⣬ǴӦվһߵʮ壬ԼһЩҲ¶˻ĵЦݡ
յѡȷģʮ֮УȴӦģһǻõҲһ
ǰʮû䣬Ȼǻ𣬶ǵĻᣡһԼǰøǿĻᣡ
һΪѡվڷƵߣǷ˵һԱ
ڳ׵һ֮ҲǶȻظоһо


2421 ֢
˶η񾳽ѾͻˣȻҲǷǳسʱս״̬һ˶ƶʱǲһЩ
ôģɶҲǽüʮֵعŷƣһ˲һ㣬ĸоѡ
ûʲôֻǸղʹ֮ĺ֢ƿЦҡҡͷȻҲǱĸо㵽˶Ǳòˡ
ɶɫ΢䣬㶵ؿŷƣ֮Ҳ𽥵ӿһ־ȣǿ־壡
ûж⣬ܿҲǲ˲Ѱʱ˿Ϊʥѧ˶ǽϣԷı仯ÿ˶ǿڣ
ƸоԼںһʧȥһ㣬ڵǴ֮ʱ޷Ȼ÷кãȻ
ʱҲǲ˷ڵı仯׷ɫ΢䣬͵˸ƵǰͬҲɶһ¶ͬ
еãȻؿǰˣǵɫս۵ףиʲô¡
ơ㡭ƺҲǱˣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôá
ƿЦʲôʹĺ֢ôʲôֵġ˵仰֮󣬷΢΢ͷһƳʱԼɫҲ͵һ䣡
ĺɫʱȻѸٵرף
˲Ĺ򣬷ƱǲԼͷڷǱ˰׷ȹʵ÷Լÿ־壬Ϊʲôɶ˶ǻ¶־ֵɫ
ô£е㲻ŵ۾ʵȴǳطԼǰͬʱҲǲԼʼţ
Ϊԣͺڤڤ֮һεʴŷڵһ
⣬ڳһ⣬ΪһƵҲ֪ԣϾǶߵļ˵ֱӵڰ֮Уʼ˱չأ
̬չ˷Ƶϣû뵽һʩչ˷Ȼôµĺ֢ǰֱǲ˼¡
ҪľҪֹԼڵţȻĻ²ñ˶֣ԼֱӾ֮䣡
ɶȼɫüΪأû뵽ոΪȡʤ񻶣žǷ飬ʵ˸̾ϣʱʥѧ֮Ҳǿʼ۷׷ˣΪƵ״̬ʵ̫ġ
ɶȼ˲ùЩ˵뷨ҪľȰƻ
һЩǿߣ˴ʱҲ֪˷ƵĴҲһ̾ûж˵ʲôɳһЩʥѧĻʼս
ⳡսʥѧչҵ𼶱ս뿪ʥѧķΧȻǼʱʥѧŮʯĽ磬Ҳδֵܹ˶á
Щǿߣÿ˵϶ˣ뿪Ҳ뿪ˣԾֱӵؾʥѧ㳡֮ʼָƣһǻܹͬʱע⵽Ƶô
ܹӵŽ־棬ŷкܴĹϵ⼸λȻǿڷƵϲǻְĳʲôĻĵλͻٶһǧɣ
ʵڰ½ĸǰȴʵѣνϣӹǺһΪƳ⣬˲Ӱ죬ôЩ˸ͻתͶֶпܡ
ԣ廹嶼ڵȴŷƵ״̬Ρ
ֱʱ˲ʥѧ㳡֮ڽһƬǽ壬ŵʬ壬ڰ½֮һǸǿ̣ҲǴ۾ȴûõʬף
һĻ˲ң˵ҲǱóһʧܵĻôڵϵģͺпԼˡ
ƴʱһչ֮Уûκθ֪ڲϵع۲ԼڵΪʲôôӴ
һκǣڵ鶼ûκεضţ뺣һڳôµı仯ȻûһĶ
ƽʱһЩƣڵԶͷųƣһѹûа㶯÷ƺǲ⡣
Ʋһ£ڵŵ֮ڵһط۶ȥ


2422 
һ󣬷Ƶ¾ʶߵ֮̽ӹȥǺܿǷԼʶȻǽȥԼĵ
ƶʱҲǲ֪Ǻˣǰδеط֣Ҳ֪ǷԼ֮ڣҪҪǽ뵤֮УһµǷʲô飡
ƿʼסԼ񣬲ϵسŽԼĵǣ֮һڼӳֵǷԼʶҲ޷롣
һ÷ƸоõһϤĸоǾ顣
ʱ˿̣ӳľ
ڵʼŵԭԽ죬û濴ڷƼǿȷһжԼڵһЩϵ
ʱ棬ɶ˶ؿŷѸٵ˥ϣһβһͷô򵥣ƵϢǿʼ΢
ңƵƤʼѸٵʧȥ˹󣬴һòһĳ࣬Ƭ̾ѾΪһ׷ԲԵߣ
ֱ仯ɶ˿ȴûκΰ취ǺȣҲǶԷûаͷǰǴû
ʲôԭ˷ڷֱ仯
ڣ·ʥѧ㳡֮Уز˷ƵϢ仯ÿɫǲ䣬ȴѰ˼ˣķһʲôĻͻ˻֮С
ƺҲǲ·˵Ϣ仯ƶһۣҲǸԵͷųǿϢһӵסʥѧ
ȰϢ֮£·ĸǿ߶ʱǰκεۣʲô뷨Ҳֻǲţұ¶κεĲס
ڻҲ˵Ķһʥѧǿ߶ǰΨɶһһֱûЩˣ֮ضŷƣԼһκ΢Сı仯
壬ڰ壬ɶ⣬ľֻһǾǷƣ
Ҳ־֮УȴΪռ㹻ĲϣҩܹѹȻǻ½
ʱ˿̵ķƣʶɢԼڣʱ޿̲עԼһ˿仯ѪҺٶȼļϢ˥ϣȵЩܹһһظܵõ
ȴûκΰ취ֹֻؿһеķ
Ƕɹһ㣬Խʱĺһߵһ䣬һĺٵͷӣһб仯ĬĬظš
ƺ֪˶ãƵʶҲܵӰ죬ʼɢҲ޷ǰѸٵؼʶ۲Լı仯
ʱ˿̵ķƣǷ;ƿݵ״̬ƺҲΪ˾ͷƵȴ𽥵ƽŬȥͻƵԼĵ棬ҲٿԵȥֹԼڵı仯Ƿһеķ
ͺһԹߣı仯κۣһͣؿһС
£ֻ޾
ͻȻ֮䣬ƵԺȴǸֳôһͷͬʱƷֵһԼʧȥãʶһεؽ뵽Լʶ
ûκε谭˳ؽ뵽Լĵ֮УǽһȴһƬɵɫһδ磬ȴ˻ɫûаɫ
ƴʱʶѼȴɵ֮вϵǰţߵķԼŵķ
֪˶ãƵʶüζǲҪ׵ɢʱ䣬ÿؼʱ̣ƶܹǿһӲؽԼʶɢ
ĩյķ棬֮һƬɣ̲סһֱڷƵĵ֮ڵһ
ں˵ʱķѾǱһĺͷʱпһĻǾ͵ڷƳ׵ʧ
ûв´ĻӦǴĳһɱ䡣۲ãҲǻصȻȷϣҲһŵ֪
ʲôȻǷֱ仯ʱ䷨ӳҲ޷Чƶüͷе㲻⡣
ʱ䷨ܣ֪ںңԶңԶĹȥһһУҡҡͷҲǼΪزȷǾǻ磡
سֻ޾粻ֹ


2423 ɶļ仭
˺Ļ֮ҲһȻǣôԶ
磬Ǿδڵһּ˵ٵ֮ʣԼĴͨƿ˻磬û֮һеԴ
磬˵㣬ͬҲյ㣡
Ϊּ˵ĺ壬һһ
ôɶҲ΢رòֵڻ֮ģôʱûǿԾȵһжҪԼ
Ҳ֪ΪǴ˵֮дڵȴûĵĻ֡̾һΪεص
ƶ˴ʱҲҡҡͷǣ֪ҲͣһЩżĴ˵֮Уĳ֣Ҳû˿İ취
ûв´ĻЩпܾǷڵɡغһȻƵڵ׻ʲôΨһܹ˵ϹϵҲǷڵ飡
飬ͬǺңԶĴڣǿԵõ飬ܹʷǿҲõ֣ȴûһǻΪΪǴɱ֮
ںЩ˵ҲǱգȴоκζֻǱܵزõڣһֺӴ
ܹģڷƺô飬ܹȫǺܹõ顣
顭顭飡ɶ¶ʹ֮ɫ֪ΪֺǷУԺһƬңǸһЩµĻ棬ԴʼԽԽʹ
֪Լǰ϶ֶ֪Ĵڣ֪İԺ֮еĻȥȥǼ棬Դͷ۲ѣ޷ȴЩ棡
еͷҪ룡ҲǲõɶʱϢʼûҲǾ㵣æǳʾ
ó֮ƶһ㣬ȻҲܹܵõʱɶ겨ʼúܲѰ
ǵǰŭȣɶ忪ʼƽԺ֮Щ֮ȥĻҲ𽥵ʧ
ħˣ
ɶعŴڵɶɫȻǲ԰ֽһ˫ղžһֺܿµһ㣬¶һµɫ
ɶģƶһۣ˸֮ɫܹɶӵôʹĻ䣬ͿõǶôؿ¡
ʲôôƶóһؼǵõɶΪʧȥ¼ɥʧûһηƵľɶǲѣҲȥһֲˡ
ɶõĵҩǰɶһ֮꣬ǰһжǱȴҪ֪ɶǰʧȥģο֮󣬻ܹɶӡȻԣһΪҪ飡
ʱºпܾǣ飡
֪ԺĻ棬ֻһƬѪɫĶħڵ綼ĩգɶϢŵЩԼҲǲΪλ֡
ƶһۣҡҡͷЩǸû˵˵ܹѰҳʲôǿȷǣڵ壬ƺô򵥡
ħ
̧ͷ޵Ĳ񷣬ﲻ֪Ϊȴһֲĸо֮вõĶͻǷû˿Ԥϵõ׻ᷢʲô顣
ʮǰһκƽ٣õضǷ˲˼ı仯𽥵䣬еսе߻ħеǱɱ֮Ǹּ޷ŵɣԴһʼı仯𽥵ԣǵ˺棬û˿ͻƵõ۾磡
֮־ٶĿĺԣǾǷֹܹǴ˵֮еĹ񾳣
һ񣬾ܹ
ܣ޷ѹ֣Ҫֹĳ֣һֻεĺڰвݣһжǱûǺҲպ󵽵׻ᷢʲô飡
ţƵϢҸоˣ
ʱ򣬺ڻȴǶȻؾȴͻȻزõǰŵķƣʱ˿ȫʧȥȫϢһľͷ


2424 
ûдʱ˿̼ǺҲǲĲԾΪƵϢȫʧѹϢʧȫȫʧ֮䣡
ΨһͣǷ
һ޷ţƾˣ
ɶ΢΢ҡһ£ɫøӲ԰ף֮Ҳ𽥵ʧȥɣÿնޱɶ˵ƾΨһĴ壡
ƶôֱӵôʲôô
ʱ˿̣Ҳǲˣǿ⼸λɫпһ±ó߿˷һ;ƿݵɫñޱȣ
ƣϢȫޣ
˵һ޷ܵʵոڷƵĴ֮žԵǿڰ½֮ӵʱڵҫ
Ҳûκΰ취ʱ֮ȴǷֱ仯
һֱˣεʥѧ֮˶ǳĬ˵ƾǵľ֧µĻôʲôǼȥ
ɭͲӰ˳ĬҲǾʵǲţǿô˵ʵ̫ˣ
ͨ
е廤ŷյĸɿ壬˫֮Ҳǳᣬֱӵع
˵һ½½ʥѧ֮е˻Ҳˣֱӵصȹ£֮𾴣
ͬҲˣȻƵΪԶԶȲǣҲΪƣһУ
죬̣ɭӰ̫֮ӣ׷ȵȡʱǵȵع£ÿ˵ɫǼظӣʵ޷ܣ
Ȼʱʥѧ֮ڵҲӰٵ˸ֱ֣СλзХƣзƵȼŮˣʱǶһĽɫ
Ǳڱչأڸղŵһ˲䣬ÿ˵֮ж͵ʹһ£ӱչ״̬֮оѹǲõ֮ϵȻȫʧˣ
⼸˶̵سȻʥѧǿ߶ǵȹµʱСεѾǲᣬѾǲ²⵽һЩ֡
⼸Ů˳Źµ˵ȥȴǿһڰյĸɿݲ壡òǷ仯һͷİ׷ǻϳˣǷƣ
СϢعᣬǾĸף˵༸Ů˲ᣬǰһУ
ХƿһĲͺǱסһ˫Ȼسһֺɫһֿ񱩵Ϣ֮б
ХԴǸƻ½֮Ҳ𽥵ؽ˷׵ݣϾΪ塭Ϊ˱˶ս

һߵŭڷХƵĿбʱλɫ䣬Х˵ͨޱȣɫ𽥵رһħһ㣡
ʥѧǿ߶Ƕʱ̧ͷӳ˾㵵ɫǻԹķХƣ
ãСڴ֮УȻǴڵԹֱӵرˣɫһ䣬Ҳǲԣ
ӡٵȣƶһӰֱӵس˷ХƵԱߣһ÷ХڵԹرɵĺʲôȲܣХǱ
ʱ֮еѸٵһһɫףȻشӲ֮£
ƶǳڷХƵߣǲһɲɿܵĳ֣½˺̧ͷһ񷣬ּǿߣҲʧеǴ
һ£ƶ𣬾˶һʧ״̬֮УХƾȻǾֱӵǴ
ǽǴХ벽۶㣬Ϊʲôʱ򴥷ǴʵǾ÷˼
¿ˣСڵԹʧȥǣʱǴĻǱɣҧгݵص鷢̫ͻȻˣֹ
ǴǺǴ˵֮з֮أк٣Աصصʱֳ֮һĿĵѪɫף
̳ˣ̣Ҳŭʥѧ˶ǳˣһΣƴʱͬҲǴķΧ֮У
ǲˣ֮ͬڣ


2425 ˵ѡ
ȻͷǴЩǿ߸ǲ뿪ΪǺ֪ǿߣǷƴʱȴ߲ˣ
ÿ˶ˣοҪԵĶǴ֮һϣ³Ǻòȥ˵Ǳɣ
쵰ȺɵӹǴɱӣ˵ǣӶܲסڻʱҲŭ·һȺˣֲ֪˵ʲôãң
ţԣڴ΢һ̣ƶȷͻȻϲһ¶˲˼ɫԭΪķƣʱȴٶȴĲֱ޷ţ
ǴǴ֮
΢΢˼һ£Ҳ͵̧ͷͷ֮һŴĿĵѪɫƣƱӵоżǴ֮ʱµǴ˹
˵ɶɫȻһϲҲ¶˿ϲɫôһĻ÷Ǵ֮У˵Żᣡ
û÷ƴǴ֮УܴĻܹѹҲغһȴҲüǲʵƵ״̬ܲһǴ˵ǳʱضڴ˵أ
ΪǴ֮һХƴʱҲǣԹǿǴ֮ͬҲǳܲ˶ã
ɶʱʲôһ㣬ɫֹһĨأתŻȼˣڷƻлᣬȫʥѧ
Сԣһᣬ̧ͷʵ̣أ
ŮҲüͷɶΪʲôɶɫһ㲻Ծ
ɶԳһЦҡҡͷСεԴżŮǷƾȻģɣ
֮ɶҲǹ˲⼸ŮɫΣֱӵһ֣һεСεȼ˶͵ԶѾ뿪ǴķΧ
ʱҲ֪һǴ֮УҲûκκæʥѧ˶뿪һЩһŲģҲҧֱӵشΣߡ
ܿ죬ʥѧ֮бûжȴ˰ڵλ𣬾һûа㷴ӦķƣһķХơ
ҪʲôҲǿɶҪɵ¡
߰ɣΪƺͷХƻɶһЦɫƽޱȣղ˵ľһ΢ѡ
ʲô
ҪԲУ
ƶ¾ֱܾ̾ǵԷ٣Ǵ֮Ϊµ֮һ𶼲Сӵ
οǺǴӵеǸӵؿ£ɶĻ»Ǵµӵǿ
Ǵ֮÷ŷӦô֤ǴٵķΧȷġɶҡҡͷЦȻĻҾһ𣬾ǵҳܲ˵ʱҲܹһлٻҡ
ƶ˴ʱǳĬ֪˵ʲôҪֹɶȴ²֣ɶҪҲǷƵϣ
ɡڻĬƬ̣Ҳǳصص
Ųסʱ򣬾ͻɡʱҲǵЦǿ͸һ㣬˫۵ڷƵϣҲǱ
ԺǷƵģ
˵֮תߣѾ˾ƴҲҪԼһֻҪϣҲϧһ
ڻתҲ뿪ֻһ仰
ûзƣҾͲ뿪Ĺ֮أȻĻҲһ壡
˼ԣڻĴһ
ƶһۣ˸ڵ˼˾ȻЦ
˵ҵҲǷģûһ޷ѡҡҡͷת뿪
ҲǣûзƣǻһƲл꣬׵ʧ֮䣡ƶȻһЦת뿪
ɶһ£û뵽ĸȻͬΪŷƿԲһУԼ
ƣ㿴ôһҪŹɶ˫ᣬǲϵķƣҲĬĬذ
ڼ뿪ǴķΧ֮ʱȴǶȻͣһǲϵķХƣҲŭһ
СӣҪ֪ڲΪԼΪĸףΪĸףȥ
˵֮󣬺ǳ׵뿪ǴĽٷΧڴͬʱԹķХҲͣһ£˫֮оȻǳһ˿
𣡡
Хŭ


2426 ѡ
ХƴʱԺһƬң֪ԼʱĴǳزûа취ԼڵԹֻԹԼڱ
źȥ֮ʱһŭǾһ㡣
ΪԼһΪĸף
Хŭһͬʱ֮еĺɫҲǲϵطһǴٶ£
ɶ΢΢ؿһ۲񷣬ҲڷƵߣһ͵âش֮иֶγһ֣Լͷƶֽȥ
ڲ֮µףµһ˲䣬һΪһŷХƽٶȥһǳɶڵλá
꣡
һɫøӵز԰ףһ˿ѪֻǵһǴǽƵֵز
ԿóһεĺǴǶôؿ£ɶ𼶱ĴڶԿ⣬˵ǷХˡ
ʵϣХܵǴûɶܵô£ҪԭΪɶĴڣһ뵽ǴķΧ֮УȻǻǴ󲿷ֶɶһ־ԷХơ
˵֮ɶļҲΪХƼѹǻһܵĻǳܲס
ںǴһ֮ɶܴˣХǸΪأȫѪܵģѡվΪ֣ԼԹŵһǴ£ƺǼ˲٣
ǴڵԹ㹻ѹã
ХƲϵشϢţ̧ͷŲɲϷƣ˫ųɫһ۷ƣӼᶨҪȥͷ
ɫڲϵطţڶǴʱпܽһǴǿֵزǵڶֻǿʲôز
ûܹ²õڲ˭ֻҧȥ
ʱƵȷǺ꣬ڵ֮ڵʶѾǾͻɢˣȴŷХƵǴ£һǴ֮Ĳ֮ڵľżǴҲǲ˹
ҲΪˣڷƵĵ֮ڣһɾɫâס˷Щʶǿе˺һĻƵٶһ˿
һǴĽ䣬ƵʶҲٶ˲٣ʱٵȴҲʮֵزֹۡ
˿ڴʱؿڵĵͻףƴʱĴˡ
һƬɫĻ֮УȴǶȻسһУƵʶеǰһЩʲôһ
֮Уһ͵İɫâ÷Ƶʶһֺůĸо鲻ԽؾҪ߽룬һߣȫغɫŻĺɫûаһ߽ȥһ˾磡
ƵʶµȻ΢Ҳ㹻ˣʱѾ֪ԼڵһԴΪеĳ֣
Լ֮еһǶߣǰٵĴѡ
ѡɫߺɫпܻΪҪѰһЩŵĻɣ
ƴʱ޷Ҳǲ֪ΪԼ־֮УХƻֱӵǴǲ֪ɶʱһĬĬسǴĽ٣
ڶֱӵؽһεĺɫףȻϢػʣһأɶγɵķ֣ʱҲǾ֧飡
һȫȻǳܲסһǴ
ڷһ̣ɶȻվԼ御سǴһذɫȹʱȫմѪɶһǲѪۡ
͡๫ɶڵ㣡
ɶմȾѪ֣ظǸɿݵʱҲǲҵһЦûõһεǴȻ˵ؿ£Ҳܹܵõڶ޷ټ֧ȥ
ȻʱХƵҲǺòȥڶǴǽİ嶼ƿǼѵվɫԹϵطţЩԹǶ˵˵ԴȪȻʹ֮࣬£ԹϵطţͬʱХƵҲѸٵظԭţ
ڶҾԲܷ
ХҧǴһоŵؼǵãֻҪԼھŵɣ
֮ǲϵطţǴ𣡵ʱɶȴ޷֧ȥ
һ̣ڻӰٵ˸ûж˵ʲôֱӵشƲصɶ뿪ƬתǶһ˻صƵԱߣ


2427 ֵ
ڻûκεسɣĶɶһγһ֣Ϊ赲ǴĽ٣
Ǵڵؽٶ£
ɫǻ滮ڵĲ񷣬ص£
ʱʥѧĵ涼ֱӵرɫ׵
һ̣ʥѧǳΪ˺ɫâ֮ռǺɫһ㣬ϵų
һΣڻ۵ķ֣ȴֱӵֻ󣬺ڻٶȵһ֣׵ظµǴ֮
ǵǴȻǿֲ˹ԶԶس˺ڻԤϣɫҲǱüΪأҪ֪ղһеȻ˵زһ
СӵǴжôر̬ڻֹصƵǴǾ½û뵽ΪĶӣХҲ˿زѷɫơ
ͽ丸ӡ
㻹ܼ֣ܲܵĻҽȥ
ʱ˿̣ƶҲǴ˽ڻΪ⼸֮Եһ㣬ǿɶǵ˵ģҲľѣ¸ǵĺڻ
û£ܳһ£ڻҧ
ʱʥѧ֮еĹ㳡֮УźɫâһƬһ㣬ڷƵĲԶХƾȻٶȵվºɫԹϵطţ
Ҫȥ
ĵǴʱ
ʱԵľȴûнƲʶżǴţһãؿǰУ֪Ǹѡһߡ
Ӱɫ֮дݶâĶǸоĺʶҪѡ߽ȥȴӲؽͷѹȥôѡĻֺαغķôĶ
ǣɫһߣվڱϣҲܹоõֽ˾óȻؽȥҲֻһǾ
ĵǴٶ£ڻûκ⣬۶ķٶǼڵһ˲ֱӵ飬ͬҲԼΪػƣΪǴನ
ƶõڻϢȻر΢ҲֱӵسһһĻУ
˽һµĳͬʱҲо֣ǴȻǿֲ˹
ԶķХһεص£Ƭ̣ٶǿվеִܵ£ǼɽˮĵزҲǲܷ
ȥٽСӡüͷҲûж˵ʲôֱӵ˸ȥ˷ХƵߣХƴʱƣҲһ
ʱķХƣȫ¶һƬڣһЩطͷ¶Ǳ˺ɫֱ۶һߣѪɫԹϵطţҪٶ۳ֱ
СӣһҪסһͷ֮µĺɫƣҲǵŭţһǴڹֱӵؽ˷ХƵڡ
һе֮󣬺Ǽٵ˳ȥٶȽƶ˼û˵κλ뿪ˣƶٶǻص˷Ƶߡ
ƶһܣ̧ͷŷƣЦصưƣѰɣ֪жڵô
ǴٶȽ٣½Ĳ񷶼Ǵһ˶ǲõʥѧһֿµĻ𲨶
Ƶʶվǰ֪ξ񣬵֮ƺǾãܹٶȥĻ϶Ǻأ

һһ߲
Ƶʶڲϵؽкţ߶пȥɺͲȥɣǶԽо
գʲôһ㣬ҧֱӵһ߽ȥǺɫһУ
ڽɫһ̣ƵʶǸоҪһҪ߽ʶؼʱ̣ʶľżǴҲٶȵų貵â׵رס
þùڰ֮в֪ǳ˶ãƵʶȴͻȻظоһů𽥵رһ֪Լѡˣ
֮֮


2428 ɱ
޾ĺڰ֮иһĨ⣬Ƶ΢ʶűĺڰ֮УҲǶȻظоһĨůزһµʼٶȰʶ
֮У̺һϤһһƹâϵʶ֮УʱΪ֮ϲЩȥ
״̬֮£Ƹоƺǽһһǰδеĸоʼ֮Уͬʱ棬ƶڳŵǴ
ǴѾڸղ£ƶȻǽˣҲǿЦΪԼĲЩǴǿ̶ȣԽԽˣоɵ
ǴƸµһ˲䣬½ǿ߶ǲһֿµĲû˲Ϊ֮е
ʢ˲䣬ƶǲһΣУΣǿҵʶͷǶ
һ۷ƣҧȫ۶ɵ֣øӵ貣õһĨѪɫĿռ֮Уһת
ʱƵ˷Ӧһ㷴ӦҲǱõʼоõ˷Ƶ֮ڣٴųһЩ
ƶɫϲǶĶˣ
÷ںǴ֮У÷ǼɢʶٶЩӦݳǼϵļٶų
䣡
֮£ʥѧ㳡һεر˺ɫâ֮֮һִĿĵĺɫֺɫȴ̺żƻ֮Ǵ֮ǷХڵԹɡ
񣬷ХڵԹҲûиոǵƣںǴѹ֮£ХڵԹƺǵõѹƣ𽥵ؼˣ
ʱХƵ״ôãںǴ֮£ܹǳŵʱѾǺѵˣΪ֮ڵԹΪаһ֮壬ǿЦԡ
Ǵ֮УǴӵоһд״˵ǴǾԵѹס˷Хƣ
ڵǴ֮󣬷ХһҲûǰ㣬ٶµվХƴʱ˿ȫڵڵϣ滹Щɫơ
һ˫Ѫɫ˫ۣؿǰһյӰٴվһԼѾǵ˼ޡ
ӲسǴǰ벽۵ľ磬ֻһʥ۷壬һ˵ѾܳԿˡ
ջҪôХ૵һ˫ɫ˫֮еҲǿʼ𽥵ɢΪѾǵ˼ޣоҲŲȥˣڵһָͷ
ŷХƵı仯֮еĺɫҲΪ֮ͣһ£ƺһ㣬ХƴʱͬҲٽıԵ²õߵǴԼѾȪˡ
ĺɫƱ仯õôʱӲ˵ǴƶΪ֮ľʱ˿̵ƶҲǺòȥΪѾӲسǴ
ͬѪۣûкڻôУó֮ղڵǴµһ˲䣬֪һǴԲԼ״̬Կ⣬Ҳֱӵغķ֮Ӳһֵ
ҲΪƶҧӲ˵ǴҲܵ˾޴ششΣΣ
СӣҪסĸڵڻָƶԼŭһȷʱƵҲԵط˱仯
ֱ仯һ۾ǿȵǷƵ꿪ʼۣڵٶ֫ЩΪ϶ɿݵƤҲ𽥵رЩɫ
ʱҲǲԾֱӵ˸ѾǵǴ˵ΪƶܹŵߵǴǸղͬزǴĲǾֹһ㣬Ҳֱӵس
仯ʱҲһЩ˲Ǵжôؿ£ԷûκôƵٴκת
Ҳ˵Щ˵ĸǶĶˣ
Ȼһ̣Ҳǲ˷ХƵϢ仯ɫҲǶȻһ䣬̧ͷŲ񷣬һɫţȴû˷ļ
һ׾ԲǺ£
ȳȥҲŤͷƶƶϢ΢̶ֳȣɫҲ࣬ǴԶ
СӲܷĻǰƶҲص


2429 ϣ
²ХƵ겨ƺʧȻһּΪٶȣǱõˡ
Сӣ㿴ĸѣ㲻ܾΣǴ㹻ˣ
쳹ʥѧԶǿ߶ˣʱ˿ÿ˵Ķǵţǲϣ֮ƾʹ䣬òɫǷХȴܲסǴ
û˵ХƲУϾʥ۷Ϊȥ˽۾ŻǴܹŵֵزѾǺѵˣ
ÿж漣ĳ֣ѾתֻҪǷХܹȥôƾܹѹ
ʥѧĹ㳡֮УѾǽӽɢ̶ȵķХƣƶͺ˵ŭ֮ԺҲǸһĨ
˫֮еɾȻٶȫʹ̧࣬ͷŷƵ壬һԵı仯Ҳ˫һϲõɫ
Ҫȥ
ȷǲȥ
ǵҴڸĵھôܵصڵԹԹΪһֿԲݵֶΣǸʱͲԹ㣬ЩԹҲļٵص
Х˺һŭ֮Ժ֮ʶֹںڵǲĵھƵٵĹͷȻһֵ
ʵڷХƵڣ̺ԹǺӴһֻһֱХƸûа취ȥƿΪȱʵԼһЩֶΡ
Ĵ㣬÷ХѧϰĵȻΪ벽ۣܹȫ;ȥڵԹ
³ͻȻƵıʵ˷Х̫ͻȻȻǰ֮еԹرһԼûõ
Թı÷ХƵǽɥʧȴΪƣӲؿסԼڵĲԹӿֵǴȻǴרŶԸаԹǳ̫ܲá
ǴѾ÷ХԼ;ƿˣʱ˿̣һٴʼһеصԼڵԹ
ûзӦΪƽʱЩԹͲܹģǱʱʱرһ¶ѡ
Ҳ֪컯Ūˣ˵ХƵһãХƵٶӿһɫԹԹİ֮£ХƵٶǲϵػָ
һĻҲ¶οЦݣХջǳԵľǵߵǴ
ΪХٴεػָ֮еһźɫҲֱӵؿʼ˷µǴһ
һΣХǺûõһηХƵ򣬾Ȼǰشһ·ǽڵĻϣֲȫڵһǷХײ֮£Լһȫ֮
ɫԹϵطţХƵٶǸԭһ׵ڵԹ֮һ㲻һ˫ûбһѪ֮ɫţǱһ
䣡
÷Хƶ룬ߵǴȻٶȵ£
ɫ˺˳գһ³ֵĺǴҪնҪƵһƼΪƵ
˿µǴ֮ûη壬̧ͷŲǻƲԿյĺɫף˫棬һɫȻѸޱȣȴƶ켣ȴر
ûκιԤԣ˫ֱӵչֽȻͬݶһǿռ֮һʱ֮
˫ٶȻһԲͬȴںһʱռںϣ
ʱں˫֮бֱӵرһɸΪǿһ޴͸ֱӵرǳ˺ǰҪһƬҪ˺飡
ںʱȫֵʱڶǿߣֻǸоһļ£ԺȫʩչĹԺֻʣ¾֣ǰȴԲҲغһ
һĺʥѧҪһ㣬ԶǣҲǶʱԼһҪļ
˺󣡿ŮʯĽ磡ɫҲ΢΢һߣûа취ˣǵನûһܹ


2430 ڰ˵
µϵţԼɢļ󣬵Ǿʱһ͵â鲼ʥѧ͵âò˶ǳ׵ذˡ
ʥѧյ̣ŮʯĽ磬ڿӦܹ赲ЩһĻҲûа취ԲõһУ
Ƭ̹󣬰½Ĳ𽥵ʥѧ֮ϣһɫƲڲϵطţǴԶԶûн
ڽ棬ڷƵԱߣȴǵͷǴµƣȴһεѪϵص£
ǿǿ߶ˣطֱõʱĺǴжôؿ£΢΢ضһ£Ҳǻ̧ͷ
һԼ˫ۣҲغһ߲âƶػָƣ񼴱ɫҲǱüΪأǴѾǴسԽϣǵߵ𣬻еڰ˵ھŵ
Ǵֻһһ£ӣߵˣôڰ˵أ˵ʵûжġ
̧ͷһ۲֮еĺɫƣҲǽٶԶķХϣķХȫһֺɫâ֮УڵԹ֮
һηХȴǲǰǰֱˣڵԹǱƣȻԼſԿЩԹ֮ļ󣬶ͨǰ벽ĿھҲԼشһ·ǰû߹ĵ·
Ҳǲɵ׳ΪִʱڷХƵһٶȼΪڵԹ֮תȴǸһ쳣ĸо
ʵ̫ˣҪ֪ڷХڵԹ֮а֮ȴǱХеĸоؽɱ䣬Ϊһȫµ
ϴԹСӵĴ컯ѾҲ˵ɵҲ΢΢һЦڷХڵı仯о⣬ò˵ĶҲȥ
䣡
֮ٶһľһεƸΪǺƵúɫҲǲò
߾
һֱǱѪɫâֵķХƣʱȴͻȻһѪɫâҲ͵ȻɢХƵٴǳ֣ΧϵѪɫâѾ𽥵صȥԼǿһ΢âشڶ
Х΢΢˫ۣҲ¶һ־ϲһֿϲԼ˫֣ڸղŵһ˲䣬ȻڵԹ֮ʱ䣡
ڵı仯ХƸеϲΪذȥԺǴԭǴڵԹΪƣǴ䵽ϣ쳣ʹࡣ
ڵԹ֮ҲǷת䣬Ҳ˵ǴǶѹҲǳ֣
͵̧ͷԶķϣХǼҲǸֳһĨů⣬ķƣѾٶȷ˾˵ı仯Щʧȥ˹Ƥʱٶȳ˻Ҳ˸оõ
֣ټȥ
ڷХƵڣôһΪԼΪĸ׷ƣΪĶ壡ζҪȥ
䣡
ڰ˵Ǵ֮
һת۵Ĺ򣬲һɫһ£˲ֵͷûƾѾúء
ûκγɣ˫ųâ˫ֲϵػţһֿռ䷨һʱ䷨߲ϵرǿĲ֮ռ䶼ǵһ˿
˲䣬ںܶǳһƬյشռ䱻ֱӵиռǱѾ˰½һ㡣
οգ
۴ӺĿ³ת۵ĹںռѾԳһ磬ֽȥǺǴĿҲ޷
ɫ£ûб̫죬ȴϢشݻһУһжʧϢ֮䣬ϸһĺɫâϵӣ֮ռ
һؾȻɫ˫תֿµķ֮ںһ𣬲ϵصֿźǴǵӵڰ˵ĺǴĲСӡ
Ƭ֮󣬺ɫѾǸһĨ죬һ˿Ѫû˺ǰϵ


2431 
ɫâϢڴݻһУͺһͷ͵ޣصһУĿȥһжһƬɫĳһš
콵
һĻֹǾ񣬼ֱǾһΥĴڣ
ʱɫ֮У岻ϵų߲âػ֮һƬ󣬷һһеĿռУصȴɱ䡣
ʱ˿̵ķƣѾ𽥵غתʶ֪棬ڵһٶǱµ֮еһĨǱƿǴһµһ㡣
ĵ֮УһöҫžɫâĽᾧڻתţöᾧԱߣһɫڲϵųâЩâӵһɹɫѸٵر鲼ȫЩɫ࣬Ժ飬֮˹
ƵҲԽԽŨ𽥵ػָţȫͨľ֮ʱǷ֮ʡ
棬ڰ˵ǴǴƬ̣ǻɢٶǻָ˼žɫȴԵøӵѹ֣һļ£˵ﶼܹõ
ۣ
һҡΣһѪȹ֮УͣشŴ΢΢̧ͷȴǷɫȴǲ԰ֽ
ǿҲǲòϣֺǴΪļ֮󣬱øӿ£һ˴󲿷ֵԵʣȻ˵ԱߵķХѾ֧Ųסˡ
ģЩǴ̫ǿˣҲǿЦصɨһؿռ䣬õڵϢԽԽǿҵʱҲ¶˻һЦ
ϷͰһΣڽٻ֮ʧ͵ÿԼˡЦһЦҲǿʼ֮УҪ϶ָԼڵƣ
ڰ˵Ǵͼ˵˵زôĵھŵǰ˵ǴܺͣһĻ𶼻˻ٻң׵ʧ֮С
ˣؼʱ̣ˣХƶǱҪӲȥȻĻǰĻˣ
ͬһʥѧ㳡һּž֮еĺɫƿʼǲϵһһ㣬һҪֶ
ˣ
һһĵȴǶȻشһһ͵âȴǴбȻڵķХƣ
ǰΪаԹ֮ʱ˿ǱϴǦ㣬ȻɱһֽȻͬ͵â֮ʣǺҲǲò˫ų㵵
Ϊʱ˿̣͵âҫ֮£ڵҲѸٵظԭΪ֮㵣Ҳǰһâ֮С
΢˫ȴǿһ͵â֮Уֵһ߲ȱ壬ǴӶǴشˣ͵â֮гֳȴһ𺳵
ϴԹִйȻǹʱҲȻҲ˷ХƵϣûʲôǾԵа񣬾ͺХڵԹܹ֮ЩԹ֮ǷХȫµһ
ԭҪȵʸ˫ȡĵ֮󣬲ŰգûеХƻĹͷӲƾŰ벽һ·
ӣÿһ˵ر̬ʵĽǸʱһ۷ǿߡҲҡͷֻϧƲ֮ˣȻпܳ
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬷ХƱɱ䣬ǰĮʲһʱķХһֶͣâ˸оһůҲǰ㣬ֻ˸оԹ֮
͵âڵҲѸٵظԭȻ޷۷ʱأҲ㹻ˣڽĵھŵǴٻһġ
ھŵǴûнٵףΪһԵʣʱǰİ˵ҪԽˣоԽأΪ˵˵ھŵǴǿֲ
ʱ΢΢̧ͷһ۷ƣڷı仯ѾǻȻһ£ûǰ͸¶һְƺǼҪһ㡣
СӣһˣĸҲǼҪѣŹȥһжãŲȥڻȪ·ҲаˡһЦ


2432 ѣ
ѾɱķХƣ˺֮ҲǵһЦɫ֮иһֺܰĵĸо嵭ļžա
ȻˣǾȫһƴ
Хն̧ͷŲ֮еĺɫƣʱѾ۳һ㣬һ̺Ŀֲͻ
ʱɶкڻ⼸ҲǾƬ̵ĵϷ𽥵ػָ˹ȻΣȴ
ǵھŵˣɶɫ԰ֽʵ
ûһڻصȴǶʥѧͶȥ˵ĵΪͬľǴˣףǴѾǿֲʲôز
ӺοʱɺҪԵһǴͬǰ˵Ǵ֮һܺϣ
ҽȥɡʱԱ߳ĬҲ˻Ƶص棬һֱûлȥΪƶִ
֪λ˼ûв´ĻҪܵĵھŵǴĺ״̬۷״̬ܲܳһʡ
㲻ܽȥƶ΢΢˫ҡҡͷ˶ˣҪһ򡣡
ʱǳĬˣΪģȥһܲסǻԵģ
˸һֱĬǺȥæǿԲֵ飬Щ𶼳ӣôЩȥĻֻȥѣ
ûа취ˣֻϣܹٴθǴ漣ɶҲʹر˫ĬĬΪŷţֵز˭Ҳûȥæ
ԣһּžˣŮҲǸᣬһΪоھôƵļһֱǼ縺̫ණǵʵȴԶԶæϣǺܾɥܹǿһ㣬һ㣬ΪƷֵ࣡
˵˿̶ǽ˫ĬĬΪ֮
ʥѧ棬֮еһĨɫҲ˼£ǰ಻סҪپһУ
½ǰ磬ڴ˿̣ȴǺڰǺڰٵ䣬һĨɫĹâȻϢ˺ҹĻһػ
ûκҲûκͷХƶɫøޱȡ
߲âԽ貣ƺҲ˴Ŀĵĺɫâǰð޹⣬ǷХҲһһ޷ѹֳС
Ƭ֮ʥѧǳһֺɫâ֮УһƬֻĺĺɫâǺǴ
ͷХƵһ˲رڸȥ˷֣ھŵǴ̫ˣµɫ

ɫâ֮˺ĲǴѾǷ˱仯־ǰ㣬ĸоǷһԵľżǴһ㣡
Ȼڰжˣ˼ԣһԴ
ܿɫâ֮Уʱ˿̣ʥѧǳΪɫ磬һһɫӰֶ
ǺǴ֮۶ɵģ޴ڻƶţǣ֮һжϢػ𣬸ۼû
һƬɫâ֮УԼѲһ㣬Ѱʲôһ㣬ܿѰҵһĨ΢ɫâȻǺ
ʱĺֻǱسţһֵʱ˫ҲǶȻصɴƺǿʲô˼顣
ͨһ㣬źƶȥ֮һƬµޣޱȵػռ䶼˱
ҧʵȻϣûκϣҲǻһ־
Ȼʱ򣬺۽ƳһȴǶȻһأ
һƬ޵Ŀռ䣬Ű½һطֻҪôռͲʧʱȴǹʧˣ
ͽҰɡ
һϤĴȴǶȻ˺Ķߣɫ¶һֿϲˣ
һ̣ںǰһ޳Ӱȴǳ֣һͷƮݵİ׷ǲ䣬ȴǷƣ
ķƣһֵֺĸоǾǳ˲Ͳߣʣ
СģǡҲغһΣˡ


2433 
ʱ˿̣˹õɱ䣬ˣ
ڵķƣ϶һֳޱȵϢ˲⼸һʽ٣
̧ͷӹΧɫҲ΢΢߱ǰһͷ޴ɫһĺǴ΢΢

򵥵־ĻȴǾޱȣȻĻ
ɫûκζʾһ˫˸â˫ֱŷƣȻҲǸоΪ죡
춯ʶֻ֣֮һӳںǴ֮£ʱϵóˣͻǽ٣ʱ½˻𣡡
ŭɫҲǰδеĽͬҲǲɫ̺Ĳһ־ǸͲͨĺǴǼӳһһ΢ҲܵǺҲУ
֪ˣȻǻʲôþµģҲ΢΢һЦ˵ƶǻ̧һ貵ľɫâǶȻ۶Լ֮дһ
ƳһԶزķХƣҲ֪ڽһɱ䣬ܹɹǾͿڵԹ֮ҪɹǰᣬǾǰµĺǴɹȥ
Ǵ֪ǺǴֲǾżĢֲ́ͷеͷһתʱһϵ½˸оõһɿµϢ𽥵ѣ
Ƿƣˣ
ʱ棬ɶȻ˫ۣǲ԰׵ҲǸһĨΣϲؽŵ
ûȷСд컯ƶҲ̾Ϣҡҡͷɫ֮ҲǳһɣڷѾ˹ôǴĻ½磬Ҳû˱Ϊ˵áŮ֪ѹ֮Ҳǳ׵һ׷ΪЦƶ˵ֱΨһˣôҲǲ֪Ǻá
ʱʥѧǿ߶ǷÿӶ˷ܵɫ֮ƽˣ˵һֵص顣
׷Ҳһۣ¶ɵɫڰ½ѾǺˣʱƶǳĻǿ¾ûֹܹⳡҡ
ڷǵȿµһ̣ҲǴܿƬ֮һ貵ľɫâһһĺɫâ׵ʥѧ֮Լ¶Щ
ּάƬ̣ǻʧ
зʲô飬û֪պʷƣҲֻЦֱһ̣֪ԭѾԹ
ʥѧ㳡棬ɫâһĺǴҲǼʧһӴĺɫҲֱӵɢڰ֮УΨһ˫ָɫ΢ӵؿźǴʧĵط
ڸղŵһ˲䣬ֹͷԼؾԼƺѾĳЩ飬һЩΪܵ飬ЩǿҲǲܴõ
ЩͷҲǲ֪ΪξܳԼԺ֮УһԵôİ¶䣬µֻֻ֪֪ܹݴԼ֮С
ȿȡ
ʱڷƵ󣬺ҲǻվΪŷƵĳ֣ϵƵҲûжأɫȴ쳣ز԰ףϢҲǼΪ
ƺأüͷҲҪ˫֣ԼΪƣǺȴҡҡͷܾˡ
һεǴ˵⼸˸ôµ˺ֻĲ֡Цҡҡͷ
ӽԺ󣬿⼸Ҳˡ
һ仰ȴ÷Ϊ֮һ⵽ô£ĪǴô£
ƶʱ¶εɫ⼸ɶΪŻݱģȻ顣
Ҫ˵δҲһ¡¶һɵЦݣǼ˵ΪǱնˣһĻǾֻԲʵ
ΪҪҲǽüͷһεĺǴ͸¶˹졣
ǵ˵ĺƽôԶʱڵĺƽ٣䣬ڻع½ʱҲ˵æһ󣬼㲻ҺƶҲǻնΪ


2434 Ｋ෴ɱ
ԣʱҲǳĬˣһҲ֪ȴû뵽ᷢôͻȻ
ҲɫʵһεΪµǼ˵ǻ£ҲǿˣѾˣ²õĽǰ½ҲǱȻ䡣
ƶʱɫһʧ˵Щ𣿡
ƺ֮УȻ壬ͷʵ֮ж̣Щ̱ȻĴڣһǲ
ڹȥδйκεĶĽѾǷ˱仯ôҲǼĬȥȻһһչֳǿ
ǵġȣҲغһûһҲ¹ԤԸȣЩϲƺһ¡
ܹ˽õһκƽҪôôҲ̾һĺƽ٣ı仯ۣòһǿ߶Ǹʱˡ
飬ôܹҲҡͷй¶Ҳûа취һΡ
һһҪҲùƺ뵽ʲôһ㣬̧ͷҲ¶һĨصɫеȭͷɵ΢΢ս
꣡
ʱԶХڵĵطȻشһϸ΢죬÷ƺͺ˵ע˹ȥ
ԭХƵλãʱȴһɫĹӼڣرϵõЩɫԭȷХڵԹֻ֮Ǿ˺ǴһĨɫԹ֮ƺԽԽ
丸ӣǵõ˴컯һԹ֮Ҳǻ֮ϴһ񰡡ҲǸ̾ص
ŷХ˵ı仯Ҳѵõ¶һĨɫļҸײϣԼĶܹΪ֮ǰڷХѾŲھΣһҲǶ˷ХǴڵľżǴҲֱӵ֮䡣
Ųϵϸ΢죬һɫĹӼʱȴǲϵصһЩɫĽᾧӼǿɫһâһֺů
ܿ죬ӼԽԽ貣˲֮еһ㣬ƺͺ΢΢ر˫ɹâ̫ˡ
Ȼ仯ûֹӼ͸¶ĹâǴ͸ŮʯĽ磬ǿ߶һ㶣Ƿʲô顣
ܿ죬˾Ϊϵƣ͵Ĺâҫ֮£ȻѸٵȬǰȼĴڣҲõöʱоһɣԭഥĿĵƣҲǲϵظԭš
ɶԼƶȼͬʱҲ¶֮ɫȹâҫϵʱȻûڵƸԭЩѪѾǼȬ漣
⡭ⲻǷƵҲǾ㵵
ǷХƵġƶʱҲǲ²⵽ʲôɵҲ΢΢һЦֻһȴԱɶеԾ̫ˣ뵽ǰХһɫ͸¶һּΪаԹ֮ٿǰâֱּ¡
Ƿ֮ĶҲһ㣬ＫطƶҲǵظ˽ͣȻڻҡͷʾ̫ס
ɫâʥѧʱ򣬶â֮УҲһӵӰ𽥵¶֣òȻǷХƣֻ˵ʷ˺ܴı仯
ǰΪڵԹ֮ԵʣХƸ˵ĸоǱ䵽㣬վԱҲǲشǴʱȴһԶԶ࿴Ҳܹܵõɢ˸оһů
ά˴죬𽥵ʧǵɫâ𽥵ʧõúܶ˶Ϊ֮о˾㵣ΪǷѾǾظԭ
ڽ棬ƺͺҲǴŴʱķХƣɵҲ棬ڵķХһ̥ǵı仯һͬòǲţǷХơ
ʱƺҲ֪˴ʱӦվҲٶȽӴŮʯĽ磬·ƺͺзХ˻ش߳
ۿƽµվ˵ǰǿ߶Ƿǵ֮Ҳ˹


2435 
Ƶٶȳ˵ǰ֮ʣõһȻǲ֪ڷƵϷʲô飬ܹٶȰȻسڴҵǰҲ˵ƴʱѾƽ¡
һˣǿ˷һͷɫĳʱǰɫ֮ʣвɵøǸֳһĨ
ʲôأⲻǺúõôҲǲõһЦοŮԼҲ֪һȻ˶ˣһεԼûаףھǳǷХڵǴҲûаĻᡣ
󣬷ҲǶɶͶȥһʾⲻҪɫһ뵽һλΪ˲صĴۣҲΪΡ
û¾ͺáɶҲǵȻһЦ˵ֻҪû£Ǿ㹻ˡ
СӣȻǹӲڻҲˬʵһЦѹûаԼղܵ˷档
ЦЦеĸм֮鲻֪˵һΪĸ˶Ǹ㹻ĴۣһֻǼ棡
Ҫ°æ£ضẬ㣡ҲǶԼĳŵ
ƶҲǵһЦ˵ƣֺγΪǵİ
ʱҲغһ»ҪкܶȥΪһսѾǵڰ½ĵλ
ɨӹڳǿߣȴԼǿߣһѾӦ˷ˣһЩǲ֪ģһЩǼ뵽֮УȴǷǿߣ
һǿߣʱǾصȴŷƵľΪ壬ȷӵ½
֮ͬеһĺϹҲǲУڶȴվߣڵһ壬Ҳֱӵزսӡ
ڵģģӲ˵ˣǴʱѾûģȶгһǴʱҲͷ
룬ҲǵɨڶǿߣλʱֵܹģҲ׷иղŵѡ񣬲ΣҲã壬Ƕǰ½һӣҴʱѡǵ֣ǱȻǻһĶң
û˵ʱһҪչԲ뵽֮еЩ壬ǽһЩʲôģ¾ͻһĶ
Ҫ֪һֵļǰʮ壬ڰ½֮УȻǰʮ岻ܴȫҲ㹻Ϊǰһ
˷ƵĻЩ뵽֮еǿߣʱҲ¶һɫû뵽ƾȻǲº׷ǣҲһϾһǵ͵õ˰ȫıϣӲҪԸǣѹûлֵ
ʵڳвѶ֪ҳһˣΪˡͣһ£ҲǼ˵ҳˣҪͳ½Ϊպı仯׼
ĽѾʧԼ´ҵļ½ǣһôһʲôҵĻ±˵壬ڳλ壬ҲǺõȥ
仰һʱ˲ǿߵ˼Щǿ߶ֱǸĵ̴ڣ󲿷ֶǺܾǰһƽٶǿߣô˵ҲǾбҪһˡ
İ½棬һǿȴҲ޷԰½һͳΣΪǰʮǣơ
žǿƵ̬ڶ嶼ѡվڷһߣǰʮ壬Ǿ͸˵ˡ
ԣһε飬ȷǵõĬҲʵ
ƿ˲ûʲôվԣҲص˵ͷͬʱҲǵλԷģڵİ½ƣǲԤκ飬Ҫһƽȵİ½
һ仰˵ʱ򣬶ʱ˲˵˼֮ˣ仰˺ܶģɺӡ
һ˵ˣǲԤκ飬Ҳ˵ڰ½һЩҲǲ֣ôһŲԳû𣬱ϾһĺȻҪ£ôٵҲǻᷢһЩ仯
ǵĻᣬڶǷƵǱ˼ǣǿԣǲܶӻܹ˽Խľ˽Խ֮ս


2436 
Է˳֮ҲǴӦ֮УΪǶ֪˿¾岻ǳ֣Ҳǻǹǡ
ȷλ֮󣬷ҲЩ˸ɢȥøظȥոǽһҵսȻڸ˵ҲҪһʱ
һʱ䣬ô½ͻһ籩
ҲڷƵԤ֮У֮ԽˣҪԭҪַ籩СķΧ֮ڡ
һû飬½ҲǻᷢһµϴƣǸʱûԼôսͻȼյ½ʱ˭ֹܹ
һĻǡþǴҵļ֮оѾͼ䶼ٴεֻҪЩ֮еԼۣŲ֣෴Щһսɾһѡ
˵һη֮ҲǰѰ½ľƱ䶯СķΧ֮ڣŷ˵ĴڣǷһЩԴĦҲӰ졣
ˣͬһٲûΪͷȻǷ壬Ȼ뵽鵱Уһ巢˼Ҫȫ潻սĵزôƾǿŷ˵档
һҲǺ˼֮г˰½֮
ڶǿȥ֮˵嶼һɵһȻǿʱʥѧ㳡֮ʣҲǲɵһ
ǰŮʯļӳ֣ûֱӵֻǲõǵȿµϢʱǿһʥѧ㳡Ҳ¶˾㵵ɫ
ʥѧ㳡ʥѧܹݲеķһ㣬Ϊ¡
˺ǴʥѧҲҪ½ˣ·һҲǿЦҡͷһۡ
ĵλõȷϣôٴνһȫµʥѧҲŶĹϵ
ɶȼΪڵΪأҲǷ׷ѡȥƣһεĺǴǰǵΪնһأ˵Ҳδزһ¡
ˣǿʼؼʥѧ֮УǴһˣʥѧһƬ֮ϣииĶࡣ
ʥѧһ̿ʼȫûĵԼߵһԭʥѧ֮Ҳɫ˼־ء
ڵλΪǴԵʣܵ˲ĥ𻵣һ޷ġ
ƵѾǾҪλϾͬҲ
һλҲǾҪѷƵҲʱ꣬һε𣬴źȻǷƣ
һվڷƵıĬĬؿһͷɫĳʱҲ鼫Ϊӡ
һ׷ڵѾʲôĻںܶԺĵλ޷ġ
ô˵ƻøɣһֱ縺ҲǿԼࡣ
ҲǲðӻˡͻȻһЦתŮ
ǲǰ͵һط˵ʲô֮أôУʱҲǹȥôã֪ʱʱҲûˡԱҲ
ķҲҪͻƵۣСѾͷʱҲ죬ȻХƴʱѾͻƳɹʱõһʤ˼һֱǿ˰벽۵ƿϣŮҲһƿ档
ôͻƣЦЦͬʱҲɨӹŮҡҡͷǼҲҪôѹϾҪͻƣҲÿԵɺϣ̫ļˣǻòʧ
֪⼸ŮԼʧٰ֮󣬶ǱĽһֱϲҲǺǿԼʺأûпԵΪĽչҲǺܿ죬ô֮һΪ벽۵ģǿƿ档
ŮŷƵĻҲĬĬص˵ͷһܶʱȷǲļܹϲЧ
Ѿǳ䶨ˣܲҪ˰ɣҲ۵ؿһ۷ƣ̫ˣôһֱûкúõϢϵļ縺
֮ڣɡҲ̹ȻһЦҪһʱĳڵ⻹ûнлʡ
һʱ䣬壬Ц½Ʊ䡣


2437 
ڽһκܳʱڣÿ춼ԵúܿУʥѧȻҲҪؽɡ
ڰ½֮ڵľƣҲͬһ㣬ھ˰µİ֮Ƿ˱仯
׵ľǺһ壬Ϊһ壬ӵеԴġ
ǰźϹ򣬼ҪԸҲҪɵһ㣬һΣϹʱһȺס
ڰƵĴ֮£һЩҲǲ뵽УźһԴʼᡣ
һ忴һĻҲǲ⣬û˺Ϲĺһ壬ѹ޷ټһһаƴͷ֮ܿ£һǴһ䵽˶ǵһ㡣
һȻΪ˵ĻһеᶼǱڼСķΧ֮ڣǺһҲǲ̫
ںһ֮󣬵ڶĿһˣΪյѵ壬ϹҲ֪Լ޷赲ƣҲֻǲϵԼ
ܿ죬Ǻһ廹һ壬ڰ½֮еҲǼٵµǸλϵ壬Ǵʱȴ䵽ǰʮ׵Ρ
壬Ҳûд̫׷Ͼô˵Ҳǰ壬ǼǿǣҪĴ̫ˣ㡣
ʧƣǰ֮УŲ֮µģѱοЩ֮µ壬ʱǿ಻ԡ
˵ǰ½ĸֵõµϴƣǰʮ弸ȫ˷֮Уȴ˺һһ֮⣬嶼Ƿ׷׼˷ˡ
һ壬Ҳʱ֮ڣԶ֣֮ڵǿߣֱӵѰҵһû˿飬ֱӵ壡
һ֮ĶԹ޷ģ֮Ҳֻһܹǰδûȥһʱһǿǰܵ
һ֮ҲһѸƽȷչڼ䣬ŷƵ֮Ҳӿ֮㣬ʱգЩ˾δ
ڳ׵ؽһ֮Ҳǿʼһ˵ıչأ½ͻƴ۵ΪֹڵѾԼ޷ˡ
һͻȻ״ڷҲûвõôԭʱһεĻ¾ûôõˡ
ںˣƺҲڽбչأϾǴµĴʵ̫ˣڽնΪҲӡ
ƶѰҵһžĵطҪչһʱ䣬ΪҲҪ
ƿظܵõԼڴʱһ¯һ㣬飬Ǵ֮ĽᾧԼԺľϣȵضȥ⿪
ǾϣǷƽ˴۾֮Ҳûзʲôͬ鷢
෴˺Ǵһε֮ڵǴ֮ᾧҲǳһ˿仯ָоǾɫˡ
ڵҲǷһЩײı仯ڷƸоõһ㣬ʶɫǰӵسۣϵش
һֱ޷͸ֻ֪ͷܴǲ֪
˵Լ۾ͷһֵĲǺηʥ
βãҲ޷鵽׻ʲôԼҲûиоõΡ
Ʋ֪ǣʱһ޵Ŀռ䣬һ޾ڰ֮еС硣
λȻǱնɱˣ˭
һĵС֮дһڰ޵Ŀռ䶼ǶʱȻ
ʱ½ǿ߶Ӧһ㣬ֱӵ̧ͷŲ񷡣
Ǻˣͬˣֻǵɫøӵأڱչ֮еķƶȻؾѹ
ղŵһ˲䣬вһּ¶һɲɿܵѹ֣ǽһ˲䣬ԼĶΪֻǴܿܵԺĴ¾ˣⲢĴʵĴڹ
ǵ˭ȻָоȻӵоżǴҸоԼ޷һɫصվҲʥѧķϹȥ
ȴͬһ㣬ʱ½ǷˣղǴ۾ϵǿ߶ܹظܵõ


2438 
صʥѧ֮Уʹӱչ״̬֮оѹղһѾ޷ٱֵˡ
Ƴ֮󣬺ҲǳҲǲõˣ
Ƶ˵ͷ̧ͷŲ񷣬һҲֻܹɣ
ȷһ֮䣬½߶Ǳ͸һ㡣ƶҲüͷһۣҲһĨңǵΪѾǱն𾳣Ļпµ鷢֪᲻ֱӵؽǴԸǡ
𣬲ǰ½λǿߣֵĻҲǻĨɱǰܹõ֮Щ֮Լ⽵ڰ½Ҳǿǵһġ
ƺûвʲôҲɻʵһǴ֮۶ɵľնɱģƺûѰҵ
ղһµƺǴ󲿷ϵǿߣû̫Ѱ۾ģҲΪˣȻһõڵľżǴܹ֮Ѱҵ㡣Ҳüͷ
żǴ֮ɫ΢䣬仰˼ԺԼܶþżǴ֮ô
ûڵľżǴ֮Ƚ⣬ڵ飬һҵ㣬ϼƵʲôֶΡƶҲҡͷЦ
˵ô£ôҼǲþżǴ֮Ҳδܹܹ׷ѰƳһ£ҲǵԼеǡ
ֲ̫ˡҲǹһЦָŲʲô֮ϵĴڣ˵Щˣ¾Щ𾳵ĴڣҲһϵĴڶѣ㣬ÿȥעһȺô
仰ƶʱǻ˹£ֻҪԼþżǴ֮ĻôӦҲ޷ѰҵԼҲǴԼҲ̫Щ⡣
ҲǵƲѣϾĪ⣬뷨ǽ޷͸ڵľżǴ֮ã¾ҲáҡҡͷɫҲһĨΡ
ڽõڷѹǿеĨɱڰ½һ֮󣬾Ѿǲ²õյȴûõô硣
˵ڰ½ܶһҲǿЦûǴ֮ǺͨĴ۾ǿûʲô
½ԣȴǿԡҲ΢΢һЦ
磿΢΢Ҳ΢е㲻ƣȴ֮⣬˭÷ޡ
ǵģһֻڰ½һ˶ѣֲ磬ȥ磬ͲôԼƶҲЦŵ˵ͷ
˼ȥ磿Ҳʱ¶˼ɫȷ½ѾûܹвõҲûĸôۡ
ѵ˹һǰ˵Ǿ仰ô𿴼¶ֳɵɫҲȡЦ
ԣ̹ȻһЦҡҡͷչһ뿪½ʱ˵κǿ߳統УһܹˣǶ˵ԶԶ
ʱ䣬ҲҪһ磬׼õĻǾһɡҲǵ˵ͷƶղǰ½ˣ統ҲδĶԹ
Ǿ͹ʱһȥ½ɣҲѰ䡣Ц飬ܹ½ҵ䡣
أһжٸûܹ˵ǾſţʷһֵҲֻôãϾѾ顣
ҷԼزõƺԼżԨԴҪؽ»ñѰҸ飡
ºܿ죬Ƶ˱һϸڣһʱȥ磬Ȼȴûõڶ½ûʲôȴȫͷ
˶ңħȴһһη˶ңҹģСЩʼĶңǵصĸħǿǰ
ˣȻ嶼ֱӵҪЩħͬʱ統УȴһȺƹߣ
һΪԯߡ


2439 
磬
ʱΪڷĶңԼͷ֮ڵľӢǿ߶ĿľΪѹһεĽң
֮ڣ޹⣬Ѫȵɱ޾ħȺǿڲϵԡѪսţһζõӿ֮ħնɱ
ڽ֮Ĳ񷣬Ӱڲ֮УֱȺȨˣҲ̫ϳ֮ΪһԲĴڣ
Աߣһ뷢׵ػһԯߣ
ߣɫĮȻȴûв뵽ս֮УЩħѰ˵Ѿ㹻ԶԸ˵Ϊǡ
ԯҲʱʱضһָ֮бһλµĹٴ£ϵغɱЩҪŻӳΧħ
һνңƺô򵥰̫ͻȻˡþùԯҲüͷ·ɱü֮ҲǸһǵɫ
ʵϣһη֮ڣػһԯҲǲһ˿ףͬºܳһʱ䣬ȺǿΧѲӡ
һֱǷƽ˾첻֪ΪΣǿʼ˶ңԯ߶ûԤϵõȵЧΧ˵ʱȴִӽ֮ӳħѾǲˡ
ûз֣Щħƺ̫׶ԸˣȻ֮£ȵλǿҲüͷ·ڽ֮ڵսһţЩħȻ֮ǿȥ̫һˣ
ۿžһͨʥ۷ǿ߶ܹ׵նɱһͷħõΪоֵĵط֮ڷӡħһϹžس֮ʣЩħĴƻ֮ƽ⣬һΪǵŹַӡЩħγ˽½Ҳûν磬ʲô½֣֮ͳһرһƬ֮أ
ħ֮ɱ¾
Щħֻɱ¾һǻȾ΢һȾõҲͻǳΪһͷħ
ǹż֮ħޱǿԶԸǰһĻȴǳɲһͨʥ۷ǿ߶ܹնɱħȻĶ࣬ʲôвĳ֡
һҲǺ֣ǷûСԯɨӶ·һֵǵɫӣЩħＸûжڷģǵĿֻҪ뿪ѣ
֮мأħΪУΪ·ôǿڣÿ̺ǼΪ磬Щħȴûжǳ֣ڱܿһ
ԯô˵Ҳǽüͷ˼Ƭ֮ǿ߶Ȼ̧ͷɫӿֳһĨ㵣ʧص˵ЩħԼǣ
仰һڣԼǾò̫ţЩֻɱ¾ħȻӵǣʲôЦ
ԯȴɫصص˵ͷһĻȴλǿ߶һ⻹ˣ
ҲǻɣϾЩħĶ̫Źˡԯ߳³Щħ֮⣬Щ˽ħҲҪнɱȻǻֱͨӵؽڰ½ʱһѣ
ȵǿߺǿһۣҲͬеص˵ͷΪĶұ̫ͻȻȴ֯ȥѹ⶯ҵʱѾǹȥһҹʱ䣬һҹʱ棬϶ħû뿪˽Щħһֳ磬Ŀܣֱӵسڰ½
ԣЩܳȥħζҪΧˣҪһ
ԯɣɳ˿ʼΧЩܵħĿƷΧѹƵСȵǿҲǳ̬Ѿǳǵ
ΪЩħĽôôԯƺҲ뵽һֿܣغһЩħΪȻżȻȥʲôڱЩħ
ֻһͬǷӡħĪǡ
ԯ͵̧ͷɫҲ΢䣬ЩħĿģȥ⿪ķӡӶĶң
һ㣬ԯԼҲľĻ¾Ǻϣ


2440 
ԯˣôܣ
ȵһλǿһ£ҲҡͷЦ̫ˣƾЩħĻķӡȫ⿪Σ
ȵǿ˵⻰ʱ¶һţȷ˵ħﶼЩħһĻɲ
ûҾҲˡǿ߳һ£ҲЦŵ̬Ӧûԯôء
ԯҡҡͷĬ̧ͷ·˻ҵλǿе뷨ȻҲ˽⣬Ϊͷ֮һȥѾҪ縺顣
Щħ׶ԸĻôϹŵʱõǵȶǶΪ֮о֣һеĻңֻûرѡ
ΣǶҪԤٴαң
ԯҲصصȻҲжϵóˣһεĶȻǲô򵥣ЩĳȥħȻһȥ½ȴһ
̫
ȵǿߺǿһۣҲǾΪΣǴֻøµǿȥΧЩӳȥħ㹻ˣڻзֱɳǿһȻе㲻ˡ
ԯ˵Ҳĵػһ壬ĳЩԼǣⷽҲòҪķԸ
ãȻ˵Ļҵȥ̫ȵǿҲǵһЦ
ôʣµŽͽɡǿҲʼЦ
ԯɨһۣҲҡҡͷ˵뷨ҲǼΪ˶ңǵȷǺ⣬ڿЩħ㲻һҲǿʼò
Ǵ㽫ѾҲһ˸뵽һ㣬ԯҲҡҡͷ֪еľУԸı䣬Ҳֻ̾˵ͷ
ȻͬˣǾɡȵǿһЦ⣬ԯ˹˹֣˵Ͱиԯˣȥ̫
ȵӵܸߡ
ӵܸߡ
תۼ䣬ӵܱͳһɶֻػһӵЩŰħභ
ԸҶˡһͷͷħԯָһţһصĹŷȥħԱĻһ

֮ڵħ˱ңʱûв˰½Ǻ˶Լزһ˿ǻʱʱ̧ͷŲ񷣬üͷ֪ʲô
ܿ죬ȵڶǿҲǳ̫֮ڣȻûκζõһȵǿ߲ûиħҪȳ֡
أֱϾ죬ƺӵ⣬ƬڡһƿƬشıԵʮӰ
̫
Χ̵ľһģӵĿ˵ô̫ûħﱩҡ
ǹˣȻʺĵطԱݸ߸ߵԹԵıԹ
̫ڰ½һǴ½ıԵشϡĿܼ֮һ
Թ鱧Թǣȹ̫뿪ǵȻҲҿ
ƺ򰡡ʮ˵ϵ߿ˣ˸Ĺâ
壿
ݸ߸ߵֻ΢΢һǸʥŮСӵ壿
Ȼʸ˫Ѿƽǵȵ˶֪һнΪǸСӵԵʣǷƣʥŮҲѹʧ꣡
ţ˵Сӻ֮ҲùһһΣǰʱһҲǰж֣ȴ޹ԭֻ̫ϳ֪Ҳǲ߳һµ
ߣǼڼȻΧǺβȥһˣݸ߸ߵȻǶԹһҲԹ͹һƺͬһϵ
е㲻װɣֻǷ̫ʲôжĻʱһǿҲǳһµص
ݸ߸ߵƳһЦ㲻ȥǾͱȥ
ݸ߸ߵҲǵһ£ֳʮˣЩ˸Լһ뿪̫ĿĺԣǾҪȥҷƵ鷳


2441 ۵Ķ
̫ŽλŰ½֮Ľ紦ֻһħ﷢˱֮һħǳ磬þͷ
ȻԯߴػһӵڲϵѹŽ֮ڵԴԴӿֲħԯȴǷ֣Ƕ޷׵ѹЩħ޾һ㡣
˴ʱ̫ȵһǿֻһֵأǿǸǸ߸ݵǰҪһ·Ƶ鷳
ʥѧսؽʱҲǲˣǰ治һһʥ㳡֮Уȴ񣬷ֱλͷƵ
ۣ嶼ΪƽһԱƶЩס
ʥѧ㳡Ƶһ˶һ嶼һֿ֮Уʥѧؽ֮գҲֵһӡ
ڸ̨֮ϣһЦؿ·˵Цʱһɫæش·ڷƶϸһ֮ƵɫҲ͵һ䡣
ôˣҲԱߣ˷Ƶɫ˱仯Ҳ׷ʵ
ֵħڰ½Ҳǽüͷ˵ĸһΪ̫⼸ǿȴǷһЩֵħȻɱˡ
ħʧеҲ֪ڽЩ飬±ɫ࣬һ¿ɲ򵥣ħܷ߳Ϊÿһзӡڡ
Ŀǰ֪ô£ǵһˡʼɫҲ΢΢࣬ǣħɲǰ½飬顣
Ȼʱ·һ˼ææسΪ׵һλ벽ǿߣϳԼɳȥ̫ıԵʱȴǹĪǷʲô飿
ۣ̫֮߳һȺȵǿߣǵķƺ壡Ϊ׵һǿҲǼæص
һӣʱ÷Ƶɫ΢΢㵲ѣôȻǿ߽٣һȺѵҪбǲһЩԼô
Ⱥ겻ɢļһսȭͷôЩˡ
Ϊ׵һкüۣûһߣЩ֮еľӢһǿҲͷ亹صڿһȺǿߴ̫߳ʱûκγɣֱӵؾǷ֮Уŷ档
ȵľӢ΢΢˫ۣ⣬Ƿʲô飬Ҳǲ޼ɵɳǿ߽ڰ½
ĪǸЩħйϵҲһεƺǱòôˣûɵľǣͬػǸˣѾǱħˡ
ܿŲ˻ǽˡ΢΢̧ͷҲ¶һĨɭȻЦݣЩȵľӢǿ߾Ȼ鷳ѵһûиǣɲǰǸӡ
һˣǴʲôʵԱҲ׷ʵ
Ϊ׵һ߸ݵӣңʮȫġǿҲ˻ش
ʮǿߣƲɵЦλ뽵٣ûֵʲôˣʮҲţ
Ϊ飬ʥѧ㳡տʼ΢΢ͬʱ·Ҳ֪ܿȵǿ֣߳һ㣬֮ûκο־嵣ģһڴ
Ȼȵǿ֪ȴǵȺǵĽ٣֪ʲôӵľʱ顣
һԼĪǹ˰ʱ֮󣬲ǵ壬Ϊ׵ĺȻ߸ݵһټʥѧҲǸһĨЦ˻ڶǿҲǽϡ
ȻʱЩ̫ǿȴǰδе鷳֮У
һȥ̫֮ƽǹһСᣬȴǿʼħ￪ʼ̫죬ǵֱЩǿĿɿڴ
Ǿ֪˲̫ͬһ˱ҪѹȷʵˣЩħȷǺ׶Ըʤڶࡣ
ضܹ˶Ǹ
֮£ЩǿֻǲϵطźţϣȵǿԮĻ̫᳹׵ݣ


2442 
̫ݵʱѾǻصһλǿҲյźţһ˵ɳ̫ǿߣѹЩħˣȻȴǴʱȲѷźţ
ĪǽĿֲڳˣ
뵽һ㣬ȵǿжʱǾ㵣ûж˵ʲô̰һӢɳȥһΣʸ˫һ
ңΪ˱ȵλǿҲϹȥһ̫׷ʲô顣
ʱʥѧһȷڵȵǿ߽٣ԼĪȴ˽ӽһʱ֮һȺȵǿҲǽʥѧſ֮ǰ
ʮλϢû˿أ±˲֪Ǻܳһ㣬޼ɵسʥѧǰ
أʥѧݸ߸ߵһλǿҲǿʥѧЦ̧ͷǴһҪһҡ
Ȼһ̣һʥѧ㳡֮дõʮλȵǿɫͬʱһ䣡һ˺˳գûĿʱ򣬾ѾǱӲڰ֮У
ô˵һĻЩȵǿ߶סȫǲ֪ʲô飬ղŶ߻һжǶȻһǱһǿϢһ㣡
ѵһûиǣɲӭȵˣҲǶȻһõʮλͬʱоһơ
Ϊ׵һǿߵŵŵ˺˺üӽǿ־ɫɴ˫ۿʥѧڲ֪¹һгһ²Ǽٵģ
ơԲģ
ԱһҲǾֵصղܹǵϢѹ̫Ӵˣûа취ܣԲǿ߿ġ
ȻúӰǰʱȴǾò˼飬ʱĺΪΪնŰȾĴڲ࣬ȴʤһ˵Ǵʱľα
޷ȣȴɱѰˣ
Ǻһ֣δ㹻壬󣬺ڻƶһֵͬʱɵ㹻ˣ
Щȵǿ߼ס˺ĿɿڴؿǰЩֵǿߣǲԼ۾⵽ô£½һȻǻǿߣһԻ
ʱоǳһ־ܹùһǶǳ˸ͱ˵ˣٶҲҲԶԶز
Ĺһû˵ǻЩǿߣݸ߸ߵǿҲҧŭ
ʱҲǻسʥѧǰӴһЦ⣬·ЩȵǿߣЦѵǵĹһûиǣɲǰèܹҰĵطô
һ˵ʱȵЩǿ¶֮ɫƾ͵ǰ˵ǰè̫ˣ
ߣһѣĪɻҵȣ߸ݵǿҲЦȻûа⣬ȻǾ㵣ȴǲŷƸȵϣ
͹˷ƵĵߣƵΪΪ̣ȵΣ
ȣҡҡͷҲЦδ̫߿ˣ˵ƾ⼸޷ܵв
ᣬÿһֶЩȵǿһȴ
ȻʱȺǿߵȴǴһƿޱȵؼȴõһɫǱþȵźţǽͷǾԲźųֵģ
⣬̫Ǳߣݸ߸ߵһλǿߵаҪת뿪Ǳ߷źţǷ˲˵Ĵ£
̫ʲôµĻǾֻһ̫ҲǷ˶ң
ƵҲע⵽һֵźţºźһۣ˵ͷǻ˫֣ԲĿռ䶼΢΢Ťռ֮ϵ
Ҫʲôʱȵǿ߾ǲԼ˺񱻽һ޷뿪
Ȼˣͱô뿪شһЩ⣬ʸ˵뿪顣Ҳǻ˫ǰЦؿһȺǿߡ
ȵĴǵôٷȥȻպ׷˿ɾһ壡ȵǿҲŭ


2443 ѯ
ȵǿǵڣҲΪΪΪǵı󣬿һȻ˵ǰ½ǷҲ˸ӡ
ȴûõ䣬Ψһ˵ҲȷڵȻ֮һ
ǻûԼĴôȺءҲҡͷЦع½Ӵ֮󣬷ȱǰԴˡ
һ㣬ȻǴʹ뿪ԭ֮һΪ½ͷʵ֮Ѿ𽥵Լڵ壬ʼ׷ӶԽԽԴ
ȻʱǳȥĻȱȻгһգȻ
Ȼе˵ԶˣҲǸ̾һ󣬱̧ͷһȺǿߣĶҾô£
ȵڶǿ߶ʱƿԣһ㿴ҿ㣬˭Ҳû˵ֻǸоõںϢԽԽǿѹȵǸоϢΪѡ
㵽˭Ϊ׵߸ҲɫΪȵƽʱܹȻ˵ȴɲϷһȵĽ
һѵûиôƶʱҲǵصɨӶͻȻЦЦЩȵǿĶǺΪ
ҲϵȻЩһҲô֪ô塣ԱҲǿһЩʲôҲЦŵ
ӦþˣڱӵϵͬһϵҲûʲô档ҡҡͷҲǻ̧ƣңңض߸ݵǿߵȻ㲻˵Ҿѻ꣬ҿûдȵ顣
ԣʱ߸ݵɫþֻɫ͵ͨޱȣ˫ڲϵڣһεĲӡ
ͨɫֵһθоõȻԼ˽ӽһȺ˶ǷӣȻǸȵ
ʱһһعȥ߸ݵҪȴΪԺûκηʱҲ˿κζΪǵͬҲǱһѹƣá
ҡ˵
ڣǿڳƬ֮󣬲һֵԼԺ֮У֮еĿ־һӾǱ˼㣬ҲʲôȵĽֻȥ
ѻ꣬ϵǿ߲ܹյһֶͨԷԺһЩ䣬ڻöԷԺһƬңǻ˳ΪɵӣǼֱ
ô˵Ҳǻ˵ͺôǵҪ߿࣬ɻ
һҲһɫһĻǴ裬ⱲӶ޷ȴȻֲܻ֣ġ
˵ɣҪһСƻ˫֣һЦɫЩˣҲǾýޱȡ
߸ݵǿҲϢһ£Ҳɫ֮гһ־֣µҲûаܹĵطҲң
ǰµȥǸ˷ƵһˣıңԼħ֮УȺ嶼ɳ˸Եľǿ̫ŽǾǸ̫ˡ
˵֮󣬷Ƶ˵ɫѾǱޱȣ˶ңԲС£֮ڵЩħǶôؿ£ǰ½֮еĸż֮Ҳżأ
˵ػһ嶼ǳˣɫʵ
ǵģػһԯѾҲǻش
غһҲƣ¿¾Ͳôˣػһ嶼ǳˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲ׷ʵղһźôһ£
ŷôʣһȵǿɫʱǱòôÿˣ㿴ңҿ㣬ûһ˵
ţ˵۵Ƴһ£֮ƺҲǴһ˿ƣЩһǲײĲᰡ
ٴθоõǹ˵ƣһ߸ݵǿ߱ΪܲסѹֱӵعڵϣҲֵصǡȵźţ̫˷ġ
ôһ˵ĶȻزһɲҲüͷʵ̫˻ж٣
ʮ
ԣʱͷһۣɫΪ࣡


2444 
ֻ̫ʮˣ
Ⱥ޴òɾҩһ¼ƶҲɫ಻ѣƿڴ
Щ̫ȴ뿪ǰ鷳¿ɺˣص˷źţȻ鷳
ʮǿ߶޷飬ڽ֮ڣǾֻһ˵
Ǿ̫ҲǷ˶ң
ģЩƵҲ֪ԣ̫ĸһ㱬Ļ彫׵壡
죬̴ȥǿ߹ʼѲӣһħնɱɣ
˴ݸ֪˶ңҲǱţɲǿЦģ̫ģ
һط˼ʥѧ˸߶Ƚ䱸֮У
źһۣҲǵ˵ͷµҪȥһ̫ϣü
๫һȥɡʱɶҲԱ߿һ۷ơ
ãʥѧû򡣡ҡҡͷҲǵСңкˣӦǲ̫Σա
ϾһλкˣȻѾΪǶԸЩħӦûа취ġ
Сĵ㡣ŮҲ֪оУȻвᣬҲû취
Ҹһȥɡʱ򣬷ХҲǻվԴӽ֮󣬷ХƱǷ˷츲صı仯ֱģʱ޿̹һ͵Цݡ
Ƴһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷһ˱ǺƺƵٴδʥѧ뿪·һȺȵǿߣֻǰǣȴ¶ͷɥģͺһȺܵĹ
ôһ뿪̫ûʲô·ǻһ㣬ڿɲͬˣ뿪ʱ棬ȴǷˣ¾һȵĸ߲ǾԲŹǵġ
Ƶ֮һϢҲѸٵشݵ½ÿһ峤ǰ֪Ȼǽ˶֮ҲǾޱȡ
ʱ½һֲľԱ֮УҲǿʼ׼ϵɳǿ߿ʼѰЩħһЩħڰ½֣Բһ£
ʱ̫ڣǵصħﲻϵӿֱ޹⣬ڽڣֻʮǿ߲ϵڽնɱȻЩǿߣҪնɱЩħ׾٣Ͳסʵ̫ˣ
ʮλѾľˣеħѾǲǴӽ֮ڲӿֳħȴǲͣնɱԼˣնɱ˶ͷħ
ڴѾˣѾһЩħӽ֮Ǹ޷ֹǵصŴԮ֣ĻֻԽԽ⣡
ȥǶֲ˶ˣʮ֮УһŮҲǴ˵Ҳ֣ͣΪһͣͻǱȺħû
ȥźѾǷˣڵĸ߲ҲǱȻ֣ʱҲǲˣһҲǼѵص
ģЩһ뿪ʱƫƫ˱ͬǶҪܸ߲ŭ𣡡Ҳǲŭһ뿪Ҳ䵽˵ز
˵ѾûˣºȻ˸ǰǵûȥҲҧԽԽòĴڣħҲû˿İ취ֻǲϵնɱϵؼ֣
ʱڸ̫·ϣƵѾǷħټ¸ɫأкüγֱӵնɱЩħҲ٣
ΣȻƵ˻û۸ϵǴһ·ٵħҲ֪ʱ̫ĺء
Щħô׶ԸڻҲǳһʵղ֣ûȫȻ׵شһƬħе㲻ס
֪Щħȷ˵㡣ҲǳҲһĨɣЩħôǵǺαҪķôȥӡǡ
ۿ̫ҲԽԽˣÿ˵ɫǸһĨأΪӽ֮ڴħ
ڷǼеһ̣ȻһҲǿϢȻؽ٣һ÷һɼ¶¾ǰںϡ


2445 ŭ
ֻһɫƶҲɫƱ֪һλǿߵͷС˶ʶģȻ¶صɫ
ȵȨҲǱˡ
ǰ̫Ҳ̾һ֮ƺмָиš
ȵȨߣ
Ʋɵһ˵˭֪Ϣͷܴ󣬵ȴûõȻôȵȨߣ
Ҫ֪ȵһִһϵĹڹ֮ϻһ̫ϳϵĴڣһ㵹ʵûʲôͬ
ǣ̫ϳ֮ϣһλ֮ϣǾȨߣ
ȨߣȻ治Ϊ֪ڲ֪ģȨߵĵλ̫ܺϳϵЩˣҲҪĻ
һΣ̫ȴǱɴ˿õǶôУ
ȻϢ֮Ҳһ£ƺ˺˵Ĵڣȴûиоõ̫⣬ҪĿѹ̫֮ڵĶң
ú˶Ϊ֮оɵǿߣ󻹸һǿߣǲҲΪϲ̧ͷߴȥƺҪѰʲô
Ϊղһ˲䣬˻ʸ˫ȻԱߵķХҲ΢ɫе㼤Ͼʸ˫ĸס
ȻȴǶҡҡͷʾⲻҪ¶ʲô˿ϾԱ߿ɻȵǿڣһǲʲôǿɾͲˡ
䣡
һ֮һâǳһ޹⣬ֻһâİڣ
΢˫ǰԼһƬâ֮пһģıӰһӰ֮ϣо־춯صƣ
Ƭ֮Ĺâʧˣʱ֮ǲħҲǰ࣬Ƶ˴ʱվ̫ԱߣҲǿһ۽֮ڣȻһƬյش
ղǸˣȻһӾѹһƬħһǲκκۼѹ
֮ڵħɱ⣡
һ𣬶ʱЩǿҲӦһΨǽ֮صʮһӾǱѾǵ˼ޣǵȵԮĵ
ô£ֻʮˣأ
ȵǿߣҲǲ˲ټĽֻʮأôܣѵħİΧ֮ô˵Щħе㲻񻰣ܰһƵǵȵز
ǡǡҲǳһ£֪ò˵
ȵǿ߶ʱǲ˲ףҲȵ˵ʲô˵ʲôʲôģ
һޱվڷһʱߵһǿ߶ʱɫˣΪ֪Ҫùˡ
ǻˡҲ̧ͷһۣ˷Ƶ˵ĳ֣ҲǿԼȵͬҲˣҲǱ첻ԡ
ţ
ȵǿ̧ͷ¿һȺˣжʱףЩ˿뿪˸λŻɴ
һҲ֪ȵǿ߿ˣҲֻӲͶƱȵǿ߹أȻκα⡣
һλǲȨߵĻڶڰȵǿҲЦɫǱ䣡һʱ֣̫ˣ
ɲһ£
Ⱥ½Υʵ޷ˡ
ȥѹȥٽȵǿҲһȻбŭѣҲ֪ʱҪǽ֮ڵĶҪƽϢȻأ
ǣ
һõһ㣬æǼ·ѹҵĴ֮УûбֵĻһ
ʱλȵǿҲǻ̧ͷ˺˵ϣҲ֮ӣû˵ʲôնȻرóĬ
Ա߽һĻڣҲǲɣ˵ʲôϵ
ջǻˡ
þùȵǿҲǵؿڵ
ûһˡĻشҲͬ˲²ⲻ͸ƶ˳Ĭ֮УȻҲʶˣҹϵǳ
ʱ򣬽֮ٶȷ
һŭ׵ػص̫֮ڣȵǿԣʱɫüΪ԰ףܵʲôһ㣬ڶֵħһŭ֮ҲǱøӵعϵȥ


2446 Χħ
ǰһĻֱǾЩˣ֮ڣȻ˿¿ֲĴڣ
ղһŭڽĿ´ڣȻ˸صһЩ飬ڽ֮ڱӡſޱǿĴڣ
ЩµĴڣõƬͿ̿飬ʱ꣬Ҫһô
ȵһλǿɫҲǱޱأһۣҲûж˵ʲôֱӵس֣ʲôڣǵ½֮ڵĶΪҪҪѹȥĻ룡
ͬʱԯҲܵ˴鷳ΪҲǷ֣һɼΪǿϢϢΪ֮о㤡
ԯߵɫüΪأȴ̫ķʵڵĽ˵ڤڤ֮УһЩϵ
ÿһӵԼķӡҲ˵֮䣬λҲΪأԽǳάַӡһҲһӴķӡ
Ӵķӡ˵̫ΪֻҪ̫һ߳ɶôܵӰĽҲŽ
ʱķӡɶпΪ̫ǱߴĲҲ˵̫ʱҲǲ
ѵעһ٣ԯ߻̧ͷ֮еĹâǺǳŲ񷣬ͬҪһ㡣
ڽû֪ӡʲôԯҲǲֻ֪ڸ֮ǽǿƬضΪ֮Ŀ´ڣ
ȴ˹ûܹԸǣȻ񣬹Ѿڣôһʧȥ˿ƣӡĴѹǽһѣû˿ȵ˵ѡ
ҲԯΪһʼͺ飬˴νҾԲѰ֮£ЩħȻƺⱳڲ߻һңĿľʲôû֪
̫طħ֣һȴԵƽޱȣͬҲ˲ǿߣһλǿҲǳ֣Ϊõ֪̫ͨǳ˱ңҲǲκεӡ
һȴûзʲôһҲǿΨһһϢ
̫޾ħǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿ뿪̫ǲηκΣȵǿ߲ϵնɱҲ˿޷ǳȴ
ǺͬƵҲǼս֮Уò˵Щħֱ֮壬ϵس֣ѹҲûܹһʱͰնɱɾ
ȵһλǿһ֣Ǿ춯أһƴ̳һƬյش˲նɱͷħϢЩڡ
Ȼû£Ҳ˿ѷɫ߲ʵâ̫֮ڲϵҫҪأôǿ߾ۼһʵ̫ˡ
Щǿ߾ۼһնɱһƬƬħûãӿħƶǸоΪ֮ͷ۲ѡ
ΪڲܶǴ֮ǲܶĻĪ鷳ƾֻһЩֶΣӲڽɱЩħﲢǿ
ٶҲǿҧģȥһȺǿ߿»ǻر
˴ѹ̫ͻȻƽҲû޾ħӿ̫ڵħﳹնɱ֮Ҳڵһε
Щʲôôֱ࣬ˡڻҲǴǿǿߣҲǱĳӣ֪ЩħﵽǶôѲ
ħ˵еĸаۣ֮޷ɱֻҪɱ¾Щħ͸ɱƴЦЩҲǹż֮ص飬ȻپҲ˵ǰЩħȷɱ֮
ʱҲغһɫȴȫûзǱøأƽһζҾôˣ෴һַĸо
黹ûأһζҵʱ򣬾Ƿӡɿ֮ʣĵصڷӡһͬҲǺظо̫ķӡƺô
ԣƵ˵ɫǱúУ̫һĿɾˡ


2447 
ʱ̫ѾƽѾǷƽ˾Ҳûκεħֻ֣һȵǿڷɢϢţˣҲûɽȫԤŻʲôͻ֡
Ҳǽᣬûһ´ʱ̫̫һƬϿȣڵһ׵ѷ죬ղ֮ħġ
һŲ΢ǰ˹ȥҪվѷϿһѷ֮µʲôȻ̤һʱ𽥵ؿѷ죬ͻȻطһЩ仯
ƵĶͻȻһģǾȣ̫ģˣһ˵ĵʲôԽͣǰߡ
Ȼʱ򣬷ڵܵ˹һ㣬ʼ˲ϵתһһɫâʼӷƵӿֶһĻȻҲڳĲע⡣
ǿͻȻǰȥûжע⣬Ͼڳôȵǿߣܿǲ˲ףʱƵɫʼãȻޱǰ˹ȥ
ƣͣ
ȻһŭȣҪ״̬ķƣȻ֪ΪΣȴûκηӦһֱǲϵǰߣڶǿ֮еĻʸ˫Ҳ¶һĨǵɫȴǼΪѹûбֵ̫ԣ
⣬ڵô£ڻҲɫʵ
̫һصӰ˷ơҲҡҡͷӰֱӵ˸һԽ˾룬Ҫס˷ơ
ǸӹһĻȴǷˣǲһٶȲɵǸӱ죬ϵѷڴ˹ȥɫͻ䣬ԭʧ
һ˲䣬ǳ˲ϼٵķǰȻֱӵȻʱȴǴӷƵϿһãȻľɫ
ѣ
һΣŭԺĿзԶǿҲһЩΪµĴۣҲɫ΢԰ףȻһŭڵϢΪƽȡ
Ȼһŭ֮ȻҲǴֵ״̬֮𾪹һãȻؿǰĺ𣬲ղŵǷʲô顣
ȻƻعһԼڵλ֮ʱҲǶȻųһ亹ΪղŵļٱܣѾѷıԵеǷʲô飿
ղŵô£Ҳüͷʵղŵķ̫ѰˣֱǺʧȥһʶһľͷ˵ر˲ǰȥ֪ղͻȻ˶һģ죬ʶҪ˵ʲôҲµصղŵԼҲǲ
ŷô˵Ҳüͷ̫Ǵһʲô÷ƶǳʵǲ˼飬Ҫ֪Ϊڴ۾÷ǿ߲֪ʧȥʶ
ţȻʱ򣬷Ʒ˾ΪõԼڵԶתú֣˵ѾǱԼ֮Уôǻ顣
΢΢ر˫һ·ڵҲǿڵ᲻Ǹڵйϵ
仰һҲ˳˼֮У⼫пܣΨһܹܹͽϹϵҲֻȶĪڽʲôԺĶ
ʶٶ̧ͷ˾ԼԶϿѷ죬е鴫ĲҲǱøӵǿҡ
Ǹйϵ
Ѿ϶Ҳֻ˲ܹԼ飬һҪĳ嶯õڽӵ飡
Ŀ飡
뵽ƵҲѰ˼ţɲУϾ̫ǷӡһЩδ֪ǿڣȻһóȻؽȥǲС
Ҫǿ͸˷еͷҲѯʵ
Ƶ˵ͷûзϣԼҲ֪ǲܵ飬Ȳ˵ûȥҪȥ˶ͬ⡣
֪ڽʲôټȥƻ˷ӡǾ͸鷳ˡ
ϵǣڳһ֮Ҳǵ͸һȥһˡ
ҲǾһ£ԼǲˣҪҪԼϣ⡭ô£
ƺǲ


2448 
ƵľɫҲҡҡͷЦŵʵͷ֮УķӡӹһֱػţںܾǰǸ̫ķӡ
ԣƶʱǻȻѹֺȰգԭͷԼҲǶԵģϾѾǲ֪ˣµǹµķӡҲʱȥ𽥵
ͷĬƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷǾһȥɣҲʲôΣա
ȴҡҡͷһβһȥĻҲǲ֪ʲô飬ǰҲǿˣ̫ѾǷ˶ңʲôµĴҲǲһ
΢΢شһ£źɫƺڿЦһֺĿ˵
û£ҾͲ滹ʲôΪ£ҡҡͷЦɫ޾⣬ٿµĴڣܱȵùô
𿴼Ƽ֣Ҳǵ˵ͷתȵһλǿߣĮȻصͨ죬Ҫȥӹ̷ӡ
ºⷬЩȵľӢǾˣվǰĿȵ𣡶һǿߣ˵ǣЩӵгߵλ̫ϳϣǿҲǱӵиÿͿ̬ȣ
գȴλǿ˵ʵǲ²ⲻ͸ܹԤϵõһλǿ߽ŭ
ǽȴǳϣȵλǿߣͨɫѹûа仯¶һϰΪɫصǰķӡӹ̣֣Ȼǲʲô
ͨĻʱȵЩӢǿ߶һ˺һ˽ǾɲЩʲôˣȻӵôͷʵ˷˼
ҲһЩͬǸʱҲǱϳ˺˵ݣɫȻؾ䣬һȺôǳˣ
֮У⼸˵һֱǽɰĴڣȴǸǿ֮⣬ûܹ֪ǵ飬Ϊ۷ʱ̣ΪȴǴһ
ҲǺ𣬻һλƶƶȵһǿߣǴһǿߣ˵Ⱥ֮У𽥵رˡ
ķƣ
ʱҲϳ˷Ƶģ±Ųǿɫ䣬Ͼ˵Ƶֿò˵ţԼʥŮʧ˰ꡣ
ʱ߸ݵǿΪ׵Щˣɫò԰ףǼǵˣЩ˵֣вɵǸֳһĨңŵȥƣԷܹǻ߻ѾǺˡ
ȻûҵȾȥ˵ͷɫҲûжٱ仯Ԥ֮УȻǴȥô򵥡
㻹Ҫȥʱͨ΢΢üͷе㲻׵ź
ȻšƳһۣҲûй˼ɵڳ̲صˣȰµЩˣٴע⡣
壿ͨ¶һֹŹֵɫҲ´ŷ֮Ҳҡҡͷ̫ˡ
̫ˣǴʱķƣͨǺѰûκ
ˣʱ;òˬˣȴУô˵ԷͷСͨʵȷʸ˵仰
ɲô˵ҲЦ֮һĨء
ȥɣ嶯ֵ飬ֻһЩûѡͨҲҡҡͷ˵ԲǺĹϵǳøӡ
ͨô˵Ҳһղ֮ԥһǷҪļɵȻû֣ϾȵľҪԸ壬ҲһٲĹ򣬾ͽʥѧٴδݻ١
߰ɣٵʲôҲǿ˷룬ҲӣҪͨԼȵ˲Ҫע⣬Ǻͨ죬֣Ȼͨע⣬ֻҪԼһһˣô弸ûκΣա
Ƶ˵ͷһ£ҲǵХƾͲҽȥˣСһ𷵻塣
˵ףĻǻУʲôĪĴҲǲ֪ΣգҲӦ÷Хһе


2449 
ХƺСһۣҡҡͷʾԷ塣
ʱҲǿڵˣһȥɣǼڣҲǲʲôΣգֻѰļӹһ·ӡѡ
̫ڳϤĪھǺˣǰÿǧǻһΣֻһȻδ֪ء
ȻҲǿˣҲǲǿ¾СŷХƣСΪѾǻָˣٲҲľ磬СػʲôΣգХҲǳ¡
·ƱǲһעԼǼװתͷһܣҲǷǻʸ˫񣬷Ʋźۼص˵ͷʾûʸ˫ļɡ
һ˱ڶྫǿߵע֮£ֱӵµıϣվϿȵѷԵվµıϣ·һƬڡ
·ǽôվ±ϣͷ·Ļһδ֪Ŀռ䣬ʱµıԵڵҲԽԽǿҡ
ֱӷȥɣҪעһ£һ뿪ԵǽһĪӰ˵ľǧҪԼĵĿȻͻᷢղ
ҲǷԸˣȻǲİǷƻкڻȴǲҪһ¡
ƵһۣҲǵ˵ͷһ߲â˾̤±Ե忪ʼ½ˣƵҲѧСؿԼ忪ʼ½١
һںĴ֮£˽˭Ҳ֪·ǻʲô
ڽ棬ͨ쿴źȥıӰþòֻһ̾Ϣ
һڴ˵أ˸һȡͨҲɨһܣִ󲿷ǿҲƣ벻ɫǽҪأʱ֪᲻һ𱬷ҡ
˭ȥ鷳һԳִ
ͨɨӹһ¸ղһ뿪Ƚ½ǿߣȻھˡ
Ӳң
еǿ߱ӦеȷŲ˼ͨľ֮£ȻҲǲͷ
ʱƵһѾǿʼ˽ڰ֮Уϵؽ䣬ƸоΧʼ𽥵رúڰֻͷϵһԼ͸¶һ˿â
̫ڵǧľ룬ǻҪһʱ䡣Ҳǵص
ǧ
ɫҲе㾪㵣ҪٳһǧĵطǶôǿĴڲܹǺҲδͰɣ
ɹֽ̫˵һһָ֮£ٳǧȻʩӷӡγ̫
𿴼ƵϵɻɫҲЦŽ

ƵҲһȻǣ̫γɾȻǹһָµЧʵһõĹ񣬵ǶôǿĴڣ
񣬿ǴĴڣû֪ǵжǿ֪ΪʲôЩʧˣ绹ǰ½ûǣµֻжƶʱҲ̾һ
ǹ񻹴ڵĻ֮ǰһƽپͲǳ֣ǽһǿĴڣЩǿߣȻƶΪΡ
ôһ鶼һεĺڲţӵǿ߲ϵȥ
ǷҲͻƲ˴ۣ岻Ľ
һλʲô֣ͻȻһʵʱɵͺͬʱϰʱ䷨򣬵ǱԭһصʯӡһЩ
̹š
ͣһ£Ҳǵ˵̫Ĵڣһ̹ŵĹ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǼסֻ֣֪Ϊʲô̹ƺŲһĸܣں˵̹֮ڵҲͣһ¡
һ㣬زõвɵһͷĪЩ̹йϵ
·Ƶ΢񣬼һ޷ǿڣǺ͹йϵôռ飬ǻʲô˵Ч
飬ԴԴϵذ


2450 ص֮µĽ
ܹٶ飬ǻһЩ˼ı仯ڴܹӵпĵ
Ͼʧصİ벽ۣѾǱòֵǮˣԶŵǿ߾ظգۣ統УҲλٵ
Щǿ߽Ǿһһ貵ղڵһƽ֮д
ĽǶٴγ˵Уν߹ߣȻ΢˵㣬ȴһȽеı֡
Ϊƽĵһˣû֪Ժĳɾͻʲô̶ȣںպ˵ƿԴư½ܳĸ֣ܹΪôͬǣһҲܹߵľ磬Ǵ˵֮еĹ
һжҪڷܹɳȥǰᣬȻʱõȵѹȴǻһǣǾ
Լɱ֮ʣԼ֮һЩӶ˰½٣ƶǽ֮Ĩһ׷ѰõȻһٲ³
һصĴڣż֮мصɹάȶӵǿ˸档
ƲҪøǿ죡
ʱһѾǲϵ½ͷĳͷĹâҲǱԽԽ΢ǴʱѾ˵ǧĵطΧһƬڰ
ҡҡͷԴӽ֮ڵ𽥵ؿʼƽ飬˵ΪΣֻǵܹ֪һС
ˡ
ڰ֮УƱǸоõԼĽƺǲ˺ʵĵϣҲһ̧ͷϷֻ¶һ˿â
湻ڻҲ棬ֱǲ˼飬ڵص׿ٳطɣ
ʵ֪ΪҪصµ֮άַӡѹĳЩµĴڣȻҲǾ˵ѣ֮ҲǴûҲʼ
֮ʲô⣿ҲƫͷһܣϧһƬڰǰ֮ﶼǿ͸ˡ
·ҲеľҪ֪־ǿߣڰѾ޷ֹǵߣνһĿǧٵģȻ̫֮ڣֻάס
ŽһеʶʶǿҲǿԶĶʼͬʱתͷ˵ˣҪɢҵߡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȻ֮ڣȻûжٿ־壬Ͼô˵λ𼶱Ĵڣʲôɵĵġ
һ˶ǽźĽŲϵǰţ·ǿȴǳϤһУֺڰ֮УҲǿ׼ѰҵԼ·
ڰ֮Уȴǳһֱ̹ǵĺ䣬ֺ꣬ǷȴڣҲǲʧɫط̫Źˡ
ٴںڰ֮ԼĪǰʱ֮󣬺ͣʾʱҪҲںڰ֮ʲôһʱ֮ҲǳһֳĬա
ˣ
һͻȻ𣬷ƱǶȻظоõΧĿռ䴫һǰһĨâ΢ܿ𽥵رһȭͷС顣
ǰĹâ֣ҲǳûһܵĻ֮¶һݣΪǣΧһУһֹŹֵĺɫ飡
˵һȥǺɫıڵĵ棬һֺɫĽʵǷ˼
ƶƺͼʶҲû¶ʲôֵɫǷƵ棬ȻʲôУ¾Ȼֻʵ˾ò˼顣
Ҫֱ飡
ڻгһĨ˼ԼһɫγɵʯͷҲʶԼ˫֣Ҫһ£ȴȻغֹ
ڻջԼƣǹȴǶȻطһʯ֮˲һɺɫıǲմȾ˺ڻơ
ЩɫɲǼ򵥶һմȾˣ˶ǽɱ飬ݺµҲܹüͷʾ˲ҪⴥЩŹֵĺɫĻ͵ýˡ


2451 
ҪҪôˣڻԣҲӸһĨ㵵ɫҲǿ˸ղźɫʯĹԼʱֻ¾ͱմȾˡ
ţԡƶԱҲǷ˷۵
԰ЩɫôµĻôߵĵ·ͱմȾΪһôХüͷһɫʵ
ϸԼ߹ĵ·Χĺɫһ㲻һƴʱҲЦеصһҲǸոշ֣ΪԼŵıƺһĸоҲ˵ָоΪΡ
˱ϸ۲죬Ȼ˲֮ͬڵĵطԼԼĵ·ȻǺɫȻɫҪ࣬Źâϸ۲Ļ޷õϸ΢ı仯
ûҲǹʱµΨһͨǽǴӽҪ֪ŵ˲ܹȻͨĻһմȾЩĺɫ³ɾͲˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷǶ˵߰ɣ˵ǽĲ̫
ԣƵ˲ɵǴ㵲ѣѵﻹ̫⵽
ܿ죬ǰʾʱҪ߶һֵĲϵ߶ţŵµĵطÿһǡöŹڵĵ棬ǽӴĺɫ
ƵҲȤźĶΪ̫ǣĴڣּǿ˵ɸ
ף
߶Ƭ֮ͣһ·һ¶һŵɫ
ô£ƶʱҲһɫ֪Ƿʲô£ǲ¶ɫȻֵ̫ط¶ǺϢ
ҡҡͷ߶һ£ٴλصԭλٴʩչ˸ղǵȹŹֵĲϵ߶ţȻһȻҲһͬһλͣٲˡ
ʱɫѾǱʮأվԭرĿ˼˼ʲôһ㣬һĻҲǲ˵´ŵ˼
Ƭ֮󣬺Ҳҡҡͷ˫ٴ˻صԭλ·ǲʵһ㣬һεʩչʼ߶Ȼһνȴûκε⣬һŹֵĵطͣٶ£ƺʱںǰһε赲ǰ
ֱһΣǳ׵ģɫ΢ߵԭء
ѵӡʲôôƶҲ׷ʵ̫飬Ҳ֪һط˵̫ڣȻʱ̬֣ȻЩط⡣
ҡҡͷһ˵ӡǳ⣬Ҹ޷ǰȥӡ֮ڣ
ԣ˶ʱɫһ䣬ķӡ⣿ǻˣ
ֲýᷢңķӡǳ⣬ôһЩķӡǷҲͬش⣬ǵЩħ޾س
Բܣǹµķӡ궼ûгֹ⣬ôᡭƶҲҡҡͷʵΪһʵģǺʵ̫ˣ
ƶҲǲаһ㣬ֱӵ߳ŸղŵĺһģһȴͬĽߵһͬĵطҲ޷ǰ벽
һطһ¿ǽ赲ǵȥ·
ģӡĳ⣡ƶ˻Ҳҧɫˡ
ܲ޸Ҳ֪ԣһķӡ⣬ݿҲһЩħʱһˣЩӡĿ´ڣܹٴγ֣
ҡҡͷ֪ڻûʱ鿴һ⵽׳ʵ̫ˡ
ƶɫصضԼղ߹ĵطѰʲô˿Ƭ֮Ȼֱվҧ֪ʲôˣȵȺ
ƶͻȻ仯õ˶ǲ⣬Ī¸йϵ
˻ν⣿ɫҲǱأɲһС£ǣķӡô⣬Ҳǲܰɣ
Լһ£ЩӡתʱѹһּΪ΢ĲӡѾкܶûнмӹˣ
ƶҲغһ֮һĨɭȻ


2452 ޼ӡ
ƶ˵ĻʱƵ˲֪˶üͷ̫ķӡεҪάַӡȻǻû˽мӹ̣
ôΪľͷʵһȥ˶ʱȾͻǴһεĵز
غһҲϸضһضЩɫ棬ܣƬ֮̾Ϣһʵȷͬƶ˵һ㡣
ĲѾǺ΢ˣǱӡȡתѾ¶֮ɫҲһνҵԭ
ʱ򣬾֪ȳֶҵŽȴ̫һеԲ²͸Ϊ۰ͬʱ
Ϊ̫ķӡûתȻǿڻûа취ܹͻƳһЩͨħҲǿ޼ɵ͸¶һЩӡӶǳ棬˱
ʲô취ôƽüͷεŪˣһнԴȵĲ̫ķӡôҪ飬Ȼûзϡ
ػһһͷ֪¾ͨҲûкùӳԡƶҡҡͷҲ̾ϢһѾǳ׵ضˣھͷλãȴûӦеΡ
ֻһЩͨħӷӡ֮ѾȵæҵģӡȻرôһʲôӵ龰
µʱ򽫻Ϳ̿磬ǰ½Щطٲľ֮С
ߣǸͷӡҲһҲû˵ʲôȴǿԴӺɫ֮пһĨɵоѾԼز²ǸػһͷǼΪز򵥣ú˶¶ɫҪ֪ȵǿͨ죬û˿ĵӣᵽػһͷʱ򣬺Ҳɫ΢䡣
İ취ǣٴνӡ޸ãṩ㹻ٴתȻĻ롣ƶҲ
취ʲôüͷʵа취ܹ޸ӡĻȻǺý취ѰҲӿɾʹˡ
ƶһۣ˼һ֮Ҳҡҡͷ˵ɫҪ޸ӡĻȷǺѣ˵û˿İ취
ӡΪ޼ӡ˵̫һλǿأնƻĴڣû֮кش۶ӡغһصһӡ
ںңԶңԶʱһʱûνأһƬʵĻ磬ûκζȻһڻ統Уһ࣬Ǿ̹ţأƿһл磬ǳ
һŮŮǴλŬ֮£𽥵γǳ壬Ȼһ죬ڻ֮Уһֺڰ
֮ţϢմȾնݱǵͬһ㣬û˰ʶֻǲϵɱ¾ͬ壡
֮Ǻ֮ܿ䶼һֻֿţ֮䶼һּҪļͷڿ֮˯Ĺ񣬱Ǿѹ
ֺڰλҲû˿İ취ܹ֮׵ΨһܹľǷӡ
ˣŻĳ֣ÿһǷӡּΪµ֮󣬹Ҳǳ׵ʧȥټû֪ȥġ
ĬĬЩΪ֪Զ֮󣬷Ƶһ˶˳Ĭ֮Уֱǳǵϣûгǵİ취Ҳ֪νĺڰﵽжôؿ¡
ѵʷϾͳֹλ񣿡Ҳüͷʵ˵̹ſأŮ洴˭Ƿֻ
Ͳ֪ˣϾЩҲǴ˵ǼҲ޷϶ЦҲɫ΢رء
Ҳ˵ڽ֮ڷӡĴڣļΪ£ЩҲԿ⣡
úô˵˶˳Ĭȷôô̫̹ţֱӵЩħֺα˺ķѹء


2453 εľ
ֳĬάƬ̣ǱƴƣΪ֪ôĬȥҲûκЧΨһãǾҪ޼ӡٶ¼Ļǽû塣
仰˵ͬǸûн룬Ѿ赲ˡ
ͷ뿪ȥͨ鷳
뷨ûκʵʿԣʱǺˣǷƶǲ²õһεͨ컹ľɱڹһ˵صķӡǿ߲ûа·
˵˶û˿취ôǸͨҲ޲ôģΨһ취ǰǰӡ⣡
ڳ޼ӡΪϤĺƶ˴ʱҲ˼֮Уµ񼴱ǣҲʲôȽϺõİ취
ȻϤ̫ķӡҲǿǰµֻܹƽʱԹӡӡγɣʵǸ
ôǹķӡȻΪ𣬵޷Ⲣһεͺ۾ķƣûͻƵԶҲ޷ӵ
ҲֻˡüͷҲ뵽һ취ȻԼҲûжĿԣʱ򣬵ֻһᣬҲֻһԣ
ʲô취ƶüҲǲʵ
䵽ӡУǹܹ޼ӡһ£Ҳǵ
ԣƶͷƺ˼취ĿԣҲǵ˵ͷƺֻ취ѣϾǶӡϤֻĳһȽϼ򵥵ĲΡ
ɡ̤һҲǵȹڵϣƻسһʵ߲â͵ֱڵ֮ϣ
䣡
һͳȻؾžĺڰ֮ΧĺɫֱӵؾǶȻͷųһ貵ĹâǼ䣬ڰı綼
ҲֻǽƬ̣Ƭ̹ΧٶǻָһֺڰŷҲûκ
Ȼʱȷֱӵ̱ɫüΪ԰ףһ㣬ǵɫֱϴγ˺Ǵ֮һģһ
̬·Ƶ˶ɫһ䣬ΪǷʲô飬ƶ˸ȥƵǻܣڰ֮УʲôµĴǱһ㡣
ô£ƶҲǽüͷʵе㲻ѰˣƬ̵Ĺ򣬺ѾǱģʵ˾÷˼
ͣشҴʱƶţȻֱܾӵ̱ڵϣһָͷûС
Ƭ֮󣬺ǻָһЩԪ˰֣ʾԼûж£÷Ƶ˲¶ôŵɫ
ղŷӡһӾǳҵ
ҲϢȻڵָЩҲǸһĨµɫƬ̵ĹӡѾȡڵ
ԣƵ˶ɫΪ֮һ䣬ֱǻѵ㣬ΪĴڣڵεȵذ磬ȻƬ̵Ĺͱȡɾ
޼ӡжôؿ£
ȻеҳԾʵ֤õġ
Ǻȴ¶Цݣ԰׵ɫȥΪ˸оᣬһܣӡȻǵõ˲䣬ֻӻû㹻
ԣʱ˱Ƿˣ㿴ңҿ㶼һؿЦûдѰҵ˰취ǰպ˵ƶˣҲԶԶز㡣
Ϊ޼ӡҪķѵʵ̫ˣ
ΪˣȻҲƬ֮Ǳɣˣο֪
ǳ취֮⣬Ҳûκΰ취ˣ
˳ȥȵȺʰ棬ôҲʮҲ֪µĶƶҲҧʵץ˰취ǰȴС
Ҳ̾һҲûа취£ƾǵ޷ٶֻͨô˵ȿŲٵ̡
ǿ¡߲ȥˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳ̧ͷЦҲǶȻسһɾɫֱӵػһɰϢȻΧסˣ˻ھ㵷Ϊô˵ܿǾ֪Ϊˡ
ʱ˿̣ǺɫǱüΪѿ
ΪʱΧĺڰ֮Сħ


2454 
ŷڵľżǴ֮âѾΧһɲĺڰʱȴǳΪµħ
һͷͷħϢΧĺڰ֮УֵˣЩɫƺħûκӰ죬𶼲Ǵĺɫȴ޼ɵ棡
ôħ֣˶ʱһġô죿
ΧһСЩħ﷢˳
ɫϵڰĵص֮ڻţƶҲ͵ֱӱ˺źڻ˻غһ˽ΧƳһСΧȦ
ӵħ˵ɫǷǳأܹЩħﲢǿ󣬵ǼΪܵܵĵƣǲ̫෢ӵأ
һЩħ﷢˳棬ǵλֻԽԽСǱܵĺɫ֮⣡һǸʱ򣬿ǲЩħ֣Ҳû˿İ취
ЩɫһմȾϣǱĽ֣Ǳأ
¿ô죿ôħ̫ˡڻҲüͷڵҲȻתִһƬĺɫ棬ʱͬȼ֮Щħﲻϵطĺǻ˻ҽ
޲ΪڻɱһƬħ֮Ÿħӿ֣˿ŵ˵ΪܳĶԶԶϵħ
һնɱҲնɱЩħ޾ǵȴǼΪޣһǼڵ֮󣬾֮ʣ
ģӡ޷ת϶©Щħ޾س֣Ҫ취÷ӡתֽһαң
ƶɫɫϵɨӶҪһߣܽǳ޾ħѹûа취
ΪŷƵľżǴ֮γһռ䣬ЩħʱҲǲ޷ԽǴ֮γɵħﶼڵȴʲôһ㣬ֻҪһƵ¶¾Ƿʱ
ֱߵ쳣·ӡ©
ʱȻ΢΢ر˫ɢһЩʶҲǸܵܵĿռһ㲻Ծĵطĳһط̫ǿˣ
ûа취ܲƳȥøʰ̯ӣƶҲŭĴ󣬸ȣȻӡȴ¶ǲڣʲô취
ңǰڶħƣŪãǶˣ
Ҫ뿪еѡҡҡͷǻĵΣһ˿»ܹԺ޹ǵЩħһսڰص磬ܸͲʺս
ڿ߸˿һв³ɽʮֲ
÷ôһ˵ʱ˾ǷˣǰȺͻļưʱ˽еľơ
һļµĳĬ֣˶ǳɫ˵Ժ治ϵֹͷҪǷ֣ʲô취ƺǲܹȻ뿪˵Ʒӡˡ
ʵڲУҾڻǵѰһ뿪
ĬƬ̣ҲͻȻص̾һ֮һĨΣ֪ˣͲӦý˵Ǵһֱǡ
˵ʲôءƶһʦ֣Ҳҧߣ
У
Բܣ
ͺڻһʱͷˣһˣӦһȥԲһ
𷴶ˣµǰҲֻ취ˡƶغһҡҡͷʧŲ˶ãܹȡһʱ䡣
ҪҲʲôʱֵˣ¾ŭһۣǲͬ⡣
Ǻƶ˶Ǹ޳ôʱţܵħƺЩѹֲסˣһЩ궯пܾǽҪԵľħĳ
һ޷ʱ򣬷غһҿԡ
ʲô͸Ӳ˵ˡ
϶У
⻰һ¾ܵ˵ķԣ˭ԣƾԲ
ʲôأ˵Ʒӡ£ҿԡ


2455 
һƵؿǰ˵ļɫҲҡͷЦӡĻлᡣ
ԣ˶¶˴㵵ɫ˵ԼԣôܣȻڵ޷źȣ˵ӡˡ
ӡҪ̫Ӵˣ÷ȥĻƬ̶֧Ųֱӵ³Ⱥ𶼻ҪС
У֪޼ӡҪжôӴ󣬾ƾڵǧ֮һƶһ£Ҳҡͷ
ǲܵ£ǴӦˣǾ÷ȥ
һǾڵ顣Цҡҡͷ֮ҲһĨɫһزһܣڵ̺޾Ҳ޷֪֮ڵжôذ磬ΪҪһ㣬һķӡйأ
֮ʣ͵ؽԼư˵֮ϣʱվڵĵǸֳһ貵ɫռ䶼һһ㡣
貵ĹâʤڸղźʱĶ貹âֵһ˲䣬ΧħҲǿʼĺһ㣬׷׵ؿʼ˺
һĻӽǾɲԭڵ黹ѵ̫ķӡŷڵйϵ
뵽һ㣬Ҳʣһ룬ΧĹâҲ˲ʧҲղŵĺһ㣬ֱӵ̱ڵϣŴһ㡣
ô
ҲǽʵҪ˳ʲôĻôǾˣǼλҪ÷ٴΪðգ¾ӹȥˡ
ҡҡͷʾԼû£ҲǵڵϣʼϵػָԼʧֻƵŲϵɫƣϢٶǻǵá
˿һĻֱǿЦã黹ܹôãʵϲµĻ»ǷǳʺϽְ취
ӡҪľӴǡǿṩһ㣡
һɫСһ㣬ϵΧŷƵתƬ֮󣬷ƻ˫԰׵ɫٴȥƺŵѾٴλˡ
оôҲǹеʵ
ͦãİ취ǿԵġغһԼڲûжҲʵǸһ£ӡתҪǷҪ٣
ƶԣҲǵ˵ͷҲǱ˫ܵķӡ仯ڷ˫ü壬ƺܲһһİ취
ΪողŵĻԼڵ֧ŲһӾͱϣΪܣҲǷǳ˷ʱ䣬ƺû̫ʱķ
ĬٶȳܣܵЩħڹâʧ֮ƺǾɲȴƬ֮ȷûǵ־֮ҲһεΧס˷ˡ
żǴ֮άţӦ赲̫ãһЩħ﷢˳ĻǿҲǿЩ˻ر
ֹͷҲûй˼̫֪࣬ԼܶڵǴ֮Ҳû˿İ취ƴű֡
˵ˣҲǾã̫Ӧĳصػӳ֣Ҳ޷͸Ͼǹһִķӡ
Ҳǹģ˵޷ڹ֮ϡ
ƾڶģᷢĴڣԲ޼ɵض
Ƭ֮󣬺ƶҲ˫¶һ־ϲɫȻһЩϢ
ȻӡƺǱһС֣Ȼ٣ղȣȷǲһϲصӵı仯˵һϢ
ҲһϢǾǸղźܹҲǷǳ΢һ֣ҪȫĻ»ʮѡƶҲҡҡͷһôõϢ
εʮѰԵ찡
һλһĴȻȲӡļΪ΢һ֣ǿõ޼ӡŶô֮
ˣҲҪԣϾİ취ˡҧѾĵõ˽ôͺˡ


2456 ħĳ
ңڸղŵĳ˼֮УҲ뵽һ㣬֪вУȻһҲҪȵԹܹ֪
ƶ˵ͷµҲֻзܹ⣬Ͼڵ̺޾³Ҳİ취
ҲٴһǵһԼڵԼʱ޿̵سӴ֮˫Ҳһֵӡ
Ȼ֮£ƵŭһƱӡ˵֮ϣɫȻشӷƵԴԴϵعܵķӡ֮ڡ
Ϊڵ鱬ǻһϵڶ𣬷˵嶼մȾɫܿͱһɫĹӼ
ʱ򣬺ƶһۣɵǷһɣΪǷʱ𽥵عȥǷȴ˿ûֵļ
Ҳ˵ƻڼļ֣ôܣ
سͣǵȰֲ֧Ƭ̣ƺƺһαֵĻҪʱ䣡ڿȥҲû˿׵ӡ
ô£
˵Ǻˣһ˶㿴ңҿ㣬һͷˮӣֱ֣ʵǾǣ޷飬ƺˡ
ֱһ̥һǹ̥֮е
˺ܾãҲû⵽ΪԭҲֻ̾ϢһֱǻһƫƫΪ޷飬ȴܹɹˡ
ʱȴһƬ֪ɹˣڵ鲻ϵתϵ˵ٴηƸղһѵ
ڸղŵ˼֮УƷ⣬Ϊ뵽Լڵֻǵ뵽Լʧһ㡣
Ǿֱӵӡ֮УһͲǳΪʧľ󣬶õľȫԼڵ
취ǼˣʡԵԼΪýһӶǰֱӵӵҲϲЧ
֮ڵŶôµһǷԼҲûϵõֻ֪Ĳϼ֮£֮ӿֶǼΪؿ͹١
𽥵عȥ˰ʱѾǻһɫĹӼҲٴεӿֳ˼Ϊ貵ĹâЩħ￪ʼϵؾ֣𽥵˺󣬸޷Щâ
ЩâӡΪȥ֮ҲѾõķӡٶŸյļ
ƶʱʱؿʼ˫¶һ־ϲɫڷϼӳ֮£ӡȷѵĲǴǿ֪
̫ˣְ취ȻЧݺݵػһȭͷ΢زţһܹٴεֹ̫ıң
֪ƻֶܹáƶغһҲĿ¶֮ɫ־ٶȻǣ֪ת᲻Ƕʲôˡ
ʱƼһַĵزϵش߶ԼڵΪ⼸ǸͣĽ࣬ʱԽԽԼŵٶҲǸӵؿ¡
ͺӡʼʶԱԼѣ͵ǰķӡͳ˯̫ãƺͺ޷ӡѣڵ÷ӡ˾ѣһǿʼԶ
ʱ򣬷ҵǣԼ뵽취İ취ɰողŵİ취»֪Ҫ˶ʱ䣬ܹôһ
ȴ߶֮󣬷Ʒ֣ƺƺӡٶȾѣµתӦǲԶˡ
Ȼô֣Խǹؼʱ̣ͻ鷢ڤڤ֮һֹŷƵľٶһ㣬ƺԸ÷Ƴ׵תһӡ
󣬺ҲǷ֣Щ˱ħڷһЩŭ֮ƺøӷˣǸЩâǴ˺
Ҫ棬׵ֹƣ
£ɫǱˣЩħ֮࣬һĻƽǲᣬֵΣֹؼʱ̣¾е鷳ˡ
УҪֹЩħĳ棡


2457 
Щħ״ȻҲú˽üͷȥɲôһЩħ￪ʼط棬ǽҪ޷赲
ȻЩħȷǺССԲڣǰЩ̫ˣһӿһǼ֣Ҳ޷赲̫á
ħ޼ɵܵĻȴǲԣӵпµļϢǣһǱմȾϣǳ׵ػһڴ˵ء
ȻʱŷڵǶڵħ˵ֳļ󣬿ǲһҲҲǳƷ
ЩħǱָʹһ㣬һежޱȵ룬⻻˼ֱ޷Щħѡ
ڴͬʱ̫棬ͬǿҲǲ˲ͬѰ¾ٴ˽䱸֮Уźţһͨٴηأ
ͨվѷıԵϣ΢΢紵ϵۣüͷ·̫ǻҵӿһ㣬ҪϯһƬء
浽Ƿʲô飿
ͨ૵Ȼȴǻ֪Щ̫ķӡȴһֱȥӹ̣Żǵ˽յ־淢ǵʱǱڹ
̫ӡڸգŷڵǰǺˮһӿѸٵر޼ӡա
ΧâԽԽ貣ԼŽص綼ҫʹļ󣬶ʱ򣬺˶ͻȻһоõһǰδеѹָڻ
ȼǿ߶ǸܵѹֵĲȻǻ޼ӡóֻҪٹһʱļ֣ôڵͿӡٶǸգ
ʱ̫ĶҾͻǳ׵ƽϢЩħڷӡ֮±ɻҽһĴڣ
ӡѣͬһʱ䣬ΧЩħҲ޷ѹסеĿ־壬Ȼһַ״̬֮Уϵ
ͷħص磡صڶǿҲ͵ɫһ䣬⵽淢ʲô飿
û֪ͨ죬ҲǲԵؽ˽Ϊ֪·ķӡǶôؿ£ӡһ𼸺޷Ŀ´ڣȥˣһҲǳ׵棡
ǾػƣǧЩЩʱƻҲɫƻѷӡѾǽΪؼʱ̣Щħ﷢˳棬һеǲ·ӡǽг棬ôǷƣǣ³¶õõȥ
ƶкڻҲһۣ̤һҲǱΪ۷ȻȲǰ۰½۷塣
֣ػڷƵߣϵɢЩͼҪͻƷӡâħ
СзХǱ˺𣬾˷ƵԱߵȴŽХƵһ΢Цô飬ڷƣԼĸ׿žԵģ
ڿ˷֮ɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ΪڷƵһЩɫҲ޵Լ£ȥ𻺻ƣЩɫУʱһ¶˲˼ɫ
Ϊڸղŵһ˲䣬Ҳǲõˣâ˵Ҳżãֽ;ƿݵ״̬֮£ȻŵѸٵؼӿظţ
¾һЦҲûж˵ʲôֱӵ£ͬʱʼһЩЩɫ֪ǷΪҪԼѸٵػָ۷״̬
Ϊ̺֮ʵ̫Ӵˣ˻޼ӡѣת˰ʱҲûͣļ󣬸˵úڵա
֣ټֶСʱʮӼɣҲҧ˵ղŷͨʶƺͨӡתоõŻҪְʱͲؼӡ
һˣӦ֧ŲСʱҲҧ˵ֻҪʮӣڷɫӳ֮£ѸٵػָţֻҪʮӣֻҪʮӼɣ
ʮһڵǻٶȻָ۷壬ôʱٴβֵĻӦܹʱӳٵСʱ


2458 
ƶûж˵Ȼǲ֪ʱ֮ᷢʲôת˵ҪʮӣôҲֻƴҲҪҧʮӣ
ò˵ЩħĿ֮޾޷ȥһɨȥ飬ȻӡھѣҲһּΪ貵âڷƵ˵ΧĻзƵľżǴ֮
ƾӡúܶħﶼǶֹҲǺܶЩâû˿İ취Ϊǳ岻ȥЩħŷɫηЩâԼôµ˺ֻǲϵسš
޾ħڲϵؽųȽֹĳ֮£ǰѷӡâƵȥϾʱӡȫѣֻǿһ赲Щħĳ棡
ػҽڿƮЩħǿгӡĻҽ˲֪ħ֮󣬷ӡâʼ΢ͬƵľżǴ֮ҲǳŽĳ
ʱһŭȻԶһ޼ӡĴĲŭ
ŭһ̫ڲţһ޷ݵƣƶ˶ɫȻرò԰ףֵţ˿ӵеô
ʱܵ˲ͬʱŽǿߺػһԯҲǶȻ̧ͷ̫ڵķɫأ
汲µļصһжģЩµĴڽ½Ƭ֮ô
ԯߵͷ֪̾һ̫鷳ˣ߲һ߿ĻôĶǲϣؿػһǿ߸޷ȫѹֻڴ˵زǿԡ
Žǿ߿ԶĲ񷣬̫ķغһҲǻ˻֣һλ𾳵̫ϳϳ
˶ֲĻźŻȥԮ
ǿҲǽüͷ֪̫϶ǷһЩϲ飬ΪͬľͷȨߣڽȴǰ޷Թۡ
㡭һλҲ¶ɻ֮ɫʱǿȴǲŽǴȥ
ȥһ̫Ƿ˶ңﻹûУֻҪӷҲǲʲô⡣ǿߵصֱӵʧԭء
̫ͨȭͷվѷԵ֮ʣղһŭΪ֮ʧǺεȵо޷֮棡
Ƭ֮ǿҲƿնվѷԵͨ죬Ҳֱӵʵô£̫ĴĪǾˣ
Ҳ֪ͨ쿴֣Ҳǲú棬̾һָ·ɺƶ棬ѾܾˣǷʲô飬Ҳ޷
ȻôǿüͷȻҲе⣬ǰʱҲ֪һЩȴûϸڣֻǲ²⵽Ӧþյͽˡ
ţɿѪԵϵģĪ㻹ǷŲµյĳɼôͨҲҡҡͷ
ߣѪԵ˭ϡء
ǿҲһȻǺţͨĻƺһЩѪԵϵǿ˵ֵܣ
ʱˣȥҷһ£Ҫľǽ֮ڵҪ׵ƽϢͨҲǺҲеԭ֮ڵǷӡżΪµĴڣ
ǸղһŭˣܹӵĴڣ޷ǿԿģִͻƷӡ½ѣ
ǱӦûʲô⣬ԯͷţЩħֻڶֻ࣬ҪѹƲķˡҲüͷΨһ˵ľǣŽûκζңΨһֵø˵顣
̫Ȼе㲻һΨеĵľǣӡ⣬޷ĻǾͻú鷳
ͨüͷһֱûɿں޲̳ȥҪ֪ʲô飬ܣΪź·ȥˣ޷ĻôĳҲ˿ĸơ
Ψһİ취ǰϣ˺ϣҲΨܹͨ˾÷ġ


2459 
İɣǸһȻĲ˵ԷӡһܼοʱҲû˱ΪϤ̫ķӡҲһ֮ȻǳųɼҲòϺڷӡһĳɾ޷ġ
ϣ˰ɡͨҲǳʵ֮ǰڣûаѴ˵̫ϣŷӡǿҲǿȥ˸ղŵһĻ֪ˣڽ·ӡеһԼ޷Ĵڣ
ʱ̫ż֮ѾǱʮ΢ˣȻʱǹȥӶѣɴ˿õЩħĳǶôؾвԡ
ƶһۣҲŭһ˸ԵֽȻͬȴǽ֯һγһȫµŦסܣ
飡
һ΢ΧľżǴ֮׵ر𣬶ǱɫâֵҲ΢زһ£һڵǴ֮޷ֹЩħĳ档
ħǵĶһ㣬޼ӡʼڵȴľѣҲûа취ֹֻЩħ
ƴʱһƬڵ鲻ϵתţڣֱӵؾǱӡȡȥڴͬʱƸоһֶٻԼ
ԼڵҲǷ˹÷Ϊ֮˷ܣ˵ˣ̫֮ڣȻڣ
Һп˽ԼҪãҪ
û˫ۣҲǲ˴ʱ龰֪ħҪݻǣֹƵû޼ӡ׵ؾѣڤڤ֮Уоһ˫˫ںڰ֮Լ
ָоģȴȷеظоˣҪ׽˫Դȴ޷һ֮ҲûκջҲֻǷ
Ȼֱעӵĸо÷ƼΪܣҲûа취ֻ֮ˡ
һŬ֮󣬷ƿظ֪Լܣ޵Ŀռ֮Уһһķڱ¼Щ˻޼ӡ
ֻҪٸһʱ䣬ڵǿȫػӡ
ǣܵħﻹʱô
ȻǷ񶨵ģ·ԼʱҲ֪ƶٵѹ޾ħﲻϵسǿɱһƬͺúĲ
ʵ̫ˣɱһ㣬ֲ˿ȴҪݱܷâ޷ֻвؼȥ
ʮ֮Ǽֲסˣɫֽͬһ԰ףڸղŶ̶̵ʮ֮ڣǲͣضԼڵȥɱЩ֪Ϊħ
ȸǿȵ״̬֮£ǳŲסˣžǺڻҲ;ƿݵ״̬֮УҪټȥȴûһʹá
ҵǣʱȻ˫ڵϢһεͷŶҲγһ߲âЩ߲â֮ħҽûüֱӵر
ץʱָ֪ƻҪáҲǼٵصúڻҲͬһ㣬ڷƵԱߣϵػָ
Ϊʵ̫ˣ絽ǵ󣬶ƴʱûκζ׻Ҫάֶãܹ޼ӡѡ
źļ룬ȻƶҲǵõһЩϢĻᣬϾֵĻҲܹټֶһʱ䣡
Хƽҧ촽֮һӿֳĿӵиΪǿôܹһǡǲǿ
ʸûУ
ХƼͻƵ˴۾ȴ̫ˣԺˣվһСĴڣ
ХƵ뷨һľ֮УϵؿŸǿҪøǿȥȻȴҪøǿȥػһУ
ܿ죬ڷХƵ֮Уֱӵ۳һһ貵ââϵ֮޵Ŀռ䲻ϵطЩ
ˣ
һһú޷Ԥϵõı仯ȴǲˣǽǾ㵵ؿŴʱķХƣǲ׷ʲô顣
ΪڵķХƣȻԼڵ޼ӡ˹һĻʵ̫˼ˣ


2460 һ̬
һĻΪ𺳣ǲΪΣȴǷôһĻХ˶ǿʼ𽥵ڰ֮УΪһΪ貵Ĺţϵâ
â֮ռ䲻ϵʱ˿̣ص綼ֹһ㣬ЩҪƵħﶼһ˲仯
ֲĳһ־ֲ󣬶ǳطţܿ˾ǷˣӷХڵâħɵ˺ʵ̫ˡ
ħٶȶԶԶϷХڵâɢ
ʱƬ̣ܶʱٶȳһյشǷХâɵģЩħＸûκεĵֿǱӲ
һ̬
һĻڻҲĿɿڴ֪˵ɶãҲֻһ̬ݣǼҲ֧Ų̫ãȻХƽǲƬ̣˴󲿷ֵħҪ֪ХƲǴ۾ѣһǸոսĴۣ
ԺҲǲ²ⲻ⵽ΪΣҲֻҡͷЦܿǷ˷ХƵƺеѰζ
ڵķХƺǿԶ޼ӡΪΣ
Ȼصɴ۾ضŷХƣϸĵظһ֮󣬱Ƿ˷ХŻ޼ӡûʲô࣬Ҳ˵֮ԷХܹЩħױѹƣܴԭΪ˻޼ӡ
Ҳ㹻úо㵣޼ӡǹһִķӡޱȵϤҲ޷Хȴܹˡ
ХƵ״̬ҲǺܿʧ˴󲿷ֵħ֮âҲǶȻرٴλָƽģ
Хã˫ۣһܣȴǷǵڶħȴǿյ޴棬Ҳǲ׷ʲô飬ںϣȴǿ˶ͶǵͬŹһԼ
ʲô£ЩħأХҲɻʵɨӶܣֻһСħǴʱҲǲһֿ־ŷХƵڵķ
㡭㲻֪ڻҲһʵ
Ҳ֪ղԼ֮һֵĸоУˡХҲҡҡͷǵãɫĵڸˣ֪⵽Ƿʲô顣
һۣǾþ棬ȻǻᷢХƵô˻޼ķӡ
ղŶʲôϸ˵˵˫˸žâ֪׷ʲô飬ộﵽٴνӡ
һµķӡܹΪԼãֱ󶼲ǽӵжôµ
ҸղֻһǿҿͷҪػҶѣȻ󡭡ȻͳӡХҲҡҡͷղŵǷʲô飬Լǲֻǻ֮УԼͺһһ㣬ѹˡ
һۣ˵ҲǰδţȻŷӡ˹ӶʱӵзӡֱǷ˼
ˣǼ޷ţǰķХһɫȴ˵ѣҲûбҪƭǵġ
ʵڹ£ԡƶҲҡҡͷȻҲǲ²ⲻ͸
ˣеİǵȿ»²ⲻ͸Ⲣǻ£ܹʱرЩħӶȡ˸ʱ䡣Ҳǵ˵ͷЦ
ʱƶظ֪صռ֮УٶתһּΪֲǵȻǻ޼ӡ
ҿȥƺϾҪɹˣΧĲԽԽԽǿңΧĿռ䲻ϵµĲһ˯ǿ𽥵ѡ
Щħ۹ȥҲûжˣúֵǣ˸ղŷХ巢ı仯ЩħҲûٴβϵƺǷӡá
ģΪʲôֲĸоڻҲǴֵصɨһܣŵôһ˫עңʵ̫ˡ
ƶԣʱüͷȴû˵ʲôΪûָоڻӦòӦΪֵزЩʱһЩоеġ
Ҳ˵ܼžĺڰУشһ˫עǡ


2461 ӡ
ָоҲֻкڻһӵУ˸޷оصҲû̫⡣
ڹԼĪһʱ֮󣬷ڵɫâ΢ͬһʱ䣬Ȼ΢Уˣӡˡ
ں֮ΧĿռ䶸Ȼһ綼һһ㣬ΧĿռֳŤһЩķӡҲ𽥵سֶ
ܿ죬Ŀ֮ЩķģЩĽ֯һγһķӡǻ޼ӡ
ͬʱҲѹ΢΢˫ܿռı仯Ҳ΢֪ԼʱѾǳɹˣ
޼ӡˣ
һ̣¡һ촫ЩħҲǼ仯޼ӡҲٶȵתЩħҲûκε飬ֱӾѹ
ʱ޼ӡĸҲǲѷ֮ĺźͨˣԯҲǶȻرһ
һ貹Ҳֱӵƿն̫ѷ³ֱƲ񷣡
貹âĿźͨҲû˿ͣ٣ֱӵ˸뿪طµؿһ貵Ĺ
һǻ޼ӡɵʵ̫ƴˣλǿҲǲòΪ֮̾
浽Ƿʲô飬ȻӡתͨɫüΪأȻǲ²⵽һЩ飬ƽ£ôӡôᱻ
֪ӡˣӦþûʲô⣬ϾӡڡҲҡҡͷȻǲôӽ飬ǷӡǹõģܹӡǵȿµĴڣӦòʲô⡣
ϣ˰ɡͨҲǵͳص
ʱڵص磬һƬڲ޼ӡ˲临գһĻҲصһ޼ӡȻѾǾѣô͸õĻʲô֡
ЩӡĴܹٴͻӡȻԲ
ǸоٺƶҲҡͷЦʵϸղŷХƵͻȻŷӡҲǳŲʱ򣬿²ҲһƤ
ħĳʮֵͷʹ
Ҫȥôʱ򣬺ڻҲǳһ£ʵ˲һŷӡգеһɲǻ֮ȥ
֪ΪΣһֱǸоõһ˫עǵȺ˫
ƶһۣ˵ǵѾˣӡѾٶȸգٽȥҲûжıҪΪǴ˴ǰĿľΪѰνҵԴͷȻѾҵ˲ǽ
ǻҪǵľǷƣΪƵԵʣǿܻҪ
ȻƳһ£ҲǵҪȥ
ҽʱҪ룬ΪӡһЩµĴڣͬǶ޷ԡ̾һΣʵ֮ڣǷӡޱǿĴڣտȹһܹ⣿
֪飬ұҪõҲǳڸղŵĹ֮Уȷˣ̫֮ڣ϶Ĵڣ
飿
ԣҲһۣʧؾصĶ磬ʷҲûгֶٴΣ½ӵһţǺȥģԼҲţһŻɶġ
ʱ˾ǳĬ˵ʵǺˣҲ֮ڣΪδ֪Ŀ´ڣ޷ԵĴڡ
Ȼڷӡˣǻᷢʲô飬˭˵͸
ҪȻȻȥҿԳһ˽Ƴһ£֪˵еǣԸðգϾһ¿ɲ˵ģҪδ֪Ŀ´ڡ
Ҳȥڵ󣬻еĿ飬ЩȵȶǷƵҪ֪飬ýȥһΡ
˳ĬƬ̣Ҳҡҡͷ̾ȻˣҵȱһɣôиӦ
ƶҲǵ˵ͷô˵Ҳ÷һ˶ԷգΨǺڻһ£ҲǵͷӦȻеһָоǻ֮ȥ


2462 ɢ
˾Ҫͬŷһͬʱ򣬷Ҳ̾һʵǲôһðգԭûκεǣǾ˴˴ηӡ֮˭Ҳ²ⲻᷢʲô顣
ֲܲȥΪڤڤ֮һֱǾǽ֮ڱȻŶϵ˵ڵűȻϵ
ͳһ㣬ζҪȥһˣΪڵĴȽ鷳ʱ޿עܶøԷҪøǿ
ٴ˸ղڵ򣬺˽һ¾Ĳ裬ΪҪͨӡҪָĲȥУһһ㣬Ȼӡĺ
޼ӡĺڳĿûǿ赲ˡ
󣬺Ҳȣ˽Ų˵嶼ǻһһƲӰ˲ʧԭأŸղһ岻ϵسǰͬλãһȴû̶ܵˮ
Ƭ֮󣬺ǿʼ𽥵رΧĿռӳһһȻ֮£˾ʧ˵ǰ
ȥ˽ƶ𿴼Ƶ˫͸¶ɻҲЦǵƬ̣ǾǰΪȵԼڽ֮ʲô׵ĵط˳ȴûг֤滹ǱȽϰȫġ
ҵڶҲǵ˵ͷ̤ŸղźĲһģһֱӵؾʧԭأȻҲǺؽ˽֮ڡ
󣬷ƵһۣҲ̵˽ȥһģһΨһ㲻ͬʱ򣬷ڴԽռʱ򣬷ӡȻһ£ڵҲǲһ£ʲôһ㡣
һĻ仯÷Ƹӵȷţ̫֮ڣ»ŵĿ顣
ڴԽ˷ӡռֻ֮оõһʧصĸоʱΧľɫǲϵرţʱ֮󣬷ǰľɫٴһ䣬ȴһռһ㡣
һնѪɫ磬ĿȥһƬĻֵλһʯ棬ɨһܣȴûз˵Ĵڡ
ʱƵɫǱӴʶϵȴȣԼһİĵطûˣͬ˶ǲˣ
ȥˣصɨӶܣԼԽ˷ӡռʱ򣬷һЩϲı仯ͺ˶ʧɢˣֱ˲ͬĵط
ʱһĮ֮УһҲؽ֮ɫԭܼ򵥣ǷƲˣ
ں濴ŷƽģôǻ᲻ˡһؽ֮ɫֱǺһģһĲ裬ôʧˣ
⣬ǳڵ档ƶҲüͷ˷ڴԽӡռʱһЩ仯йϵ
ģôû뵽һ㡣еڵصֽ֪˵ʲôǲͬƽڿɺˣʧɢˡ
ĵطҲǲôǣط̫żΪµĴڣͬ޷ħһ߶Ļ
ǵȺֱǲ룡
ΣһҪҵƣҲҧµķչѾ𽥵ǵƿأΪҪ飬ٶҵƣ
̫ˣǹͨԳһ磬óȻȥңǺѰҵõûİ취ҲüͷѰ˼Ű취
ԣҲǾˣϾһطĽǹĪͨٳһռ䣬ҪѰҵƣҲǵڴ롣
˳˼Ƭ̣ûദӦİ취ΨХڳĬһ£̧ͷһ취ԡ
ʲô취ԣҲǾϲ̧ͷŷХƣҲѹûа취ҵƣֻҪ˰취ôǾ㹻ȷķ
㣬ûзƵӰûϢʲôûУú޲ߡ
ҿԳһ£ܸܲӦõķ򣬱ϾҺѪԵϵһЩطĻӦЧХƵͷһֲȷ
ԣԣƵطƶҲһԴ¾ǾϲصڳˣҲΨХŷѪԵϵڤڤ֮ĳصϵ


2463 Ѱ
һʮóƶȻطҲֱӵشڸ˷ХƣѰһ£ܲŷƲϵܹѰҵõķǾ͸ˡ
ХϸƬ֮󣬱طҲֱӵڵϣĬĬذطܸܲӦõڵľλá
һߣڻʯ֮ϣȻͣһһʲôӦһ㣬̧ͷһԶҲ΢΢һ㶡
ղָоǷХƵģƳһ£˼ܣ¾뵽˶ԷͨĳֶӦԼڵλãӦ̫ģˣֻ֪ŵķ
룬Ƶ¾ת򣬴Ӷһ߶ȥ֪ХƵ˾ԼжԶﻹҪ˻һ
ڷХһߣҲ˫ۣŶͶڴļҲʼ޷ȷλãֻܸоĸ򡣡
ԣҲüͷҲһͷ˴ŷǾǿ˳ŷХƵĸӦȥѰңǸղǰ㣬ûаͷ
߰ɣȡѰҵƣȻһˣڽһʲôΣգ»Ļʲô⣬˵ɫ
£˱ǼٵǰţĿǷХָķ
ϷԵǣͬʱҲڵķϹȥûĻǺܿǻһ𣬵ǡʵĻôô
վϿգؿƺͺڵλãȫ˵ķľ룬ʮǧҲǲΪ
֮룬һźɫʯͷɵؽȴǴŭɫؽܣħߣǵ
ϵħһɫʯͷÿЩħﻹûʱ򣬶ǻᱻһǿֱӵ
Ƶڴ˵صĻؿЩɫʯͷ沼صӡһƬ͸¶һء
û֪ɫؽʲôǲϵſµŭӽ洫ÿ֮ʣΧЩħﶼǱøӷ
ɶ񣡣ķӡȻתˣҵȴôõĻᣡ˭˭ѷӡתģ
Ȼ֮£Ӻɫ֮УȴǴһŭʱܵħﶼǰûǵǣʱҲǲκζںɫĴھǵľ
侲㣬ŵ̹ŵζ˴ˣ
෴һŭ֮ҲͬʱһȴǳһϢھ֮дĶħૣ̲ס
̹ţ
ҪѪ⣬һΪУ
̹֮Ȼһ˱øӵطŭ̹Ų֮
Ҷ˵侲˽ˣֻҪѰҵͬҲŻᣡ
ѰҲô죿
Ǿõ취ǴʱȴǶȻس˵˲²ⲻ͸ɫ֮ھŶµĴڡ
ãǾͰŵ̹ŵζ˵йأ
ֻҪ飬Ƕ˵㹻ˣ
ʱ֮£ɫϵشЦƬ֮ΧЩħҲǵõʲôһ㣬Ȼǿʼ뿪ȥķȴǷڵķ
һȺȺƺƵħϵؿЩħΪɫʱʱɢĺɫγɵһǲϵس֣޾
Ȼʱķƣȴǲ֪Լһ̤ͬʱѾǱ˶ˣڻʯ֮УѸٵǰš
ռ֣վһѪɫ˵Ĺ죬ȴǸûаϢĴڣ˵ˣħﶼûС
ǵˣ·֮󣬷ǰϤòϤĻͷǺɫĲ񷣬Ҳһ޿κε
棬·;֮иûʲôħﶼûгֹ̲סһּ꣬Ҫź˻غϵ֮£ּ𽥵
ʶԼľ⣬ҲæͣƽԼ̬֪ԽԽܼ棬Ҳʱʱоõ޵ĸӦҲǲϵԼ


2464 Ϯ
ʵƵڵƬռ䣬ޱȵźڵķ򼸺ǲ̫࣬ƾߣ»֪õȵʲôʱܹ
ûа취·ҲֻܹϵظԼӦķߣǲ֪ʲôʱյ㡣
ܿڵʱ򣬷ƱһЩ˲ħ
Щħĳ֣Ҳǽüͷʶ̧ͷһܵĻûжı仯ԼôҲûκħȴʱħ
ѵ⸽ʲôѰĵط
뵽һ㣬Ҳûκεسɣ¾ѸٵػɱЩħһ÷ƸоõĵطǣЩħֵĵطƺйɣÿγֶСģĳ֣ԼϮ
ȻԼնɱЩħܻ֮һħͬҲǲֻ࣬ʮͷӣȴԴԴϵسָ֣Լȥĳһ㡣
֣⵽ô£üͷҲǱýҲǲϵذħֵķǰΪͷХƵ˵ĸӦЩħֵķ򣬼ǲࡣ
ڽͬʱҲǲϵǰϹȥûãǰǳһ޴ĺɫ޿ӣĶħ£⸽
ڷƳֵһ˲䣬ЩħҲǷ˷ƣ¾Ƿһ㣬˫ŷƳ˹ȥ
ľżǴ֮ҲǴӷƵͷŶû˿Ĺֶ֮£ΧЩħ˲Ǳûаºۼ
Ȼڶ࣬ҲǽסɱƬ֮طħҲǶȻȫʧˣڷǰһ޴ĺɫӡ
е֣ƵһоǼΪ򵥣Ϊ޴ĺɫӣȥͺһһ㣬͸¶ŹŹֵĵط
˺˼վһȽϸߵʯ棬Ҳңңؿɫӣ¾ǷһЩѰĵطɫ֮Уڶľ޴ɫʯͷţЩʯͷеķһ޴·ӡ
ռ䲨Īһ󣿡·ƾ΢΢ر˫һ˿Ѱɫӣпܾһ͵󷨡
һ£Ƶǳ뵽Լôƺڤڤ֮УһԼħϮϵذԼָط
Ŀȴ÷ƽ棬Ȼ÷еѽ⡣
Բ¼µǳǰԼĸӦȥߣ̤֮Уȥһδ֪ĵط
ڳɵʱһߣͬĺҲͬ⣬ŷƵľһģһҲͨϵ׷ɱӶǳһɫ֮С
ΪϤһ۾ǿ˲ףҲǲóȻؽ֪Ǹ͵ʲôطȥ
ô죿ƶüͷ飬Ҳ֪һĻڲһУĿľȥһط
̤ȥһ£ղž˸ӦһֻһĴ󷨣ûʲô˺ǵ
ɡƵĻǲ֪ΰóȻȥطĻпܺͷƳ׵ɢڻҲüͷ
ҡҡͷЦ㻹ǲ˽ƣΪʲôĻûв´Ļ·ƴʱٵǸһģһ˵ֱӵ̤˴档
ƶԣҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽棬ò˵ҲǾкܴĿԣΪڲõЩӡڽĴڣѾ֪ǵĽĻҲôħﲻϵسϮӶĸ
ȷϲðգǵһĻһջǾ֮ڡҲЦµҲֻǶһѣȻĻƾ֪²ܹѰҵõơ
̫ˣߣǷֺͷƵĸӦǰģͬʱҲ֪񿪱ٳ磬Ƕôǳǵ
Ǿ߰ɣ˵ƴʱءҲ̹ȻһЦزٶĵҲȻΪڱҪѰҵƣſԳȥ
ʲôΣգҲǱҪȥΪǲܻᶪ·Ʋܣ˽־һѡ
ں˽봫󷨵һ˲䣬ڷҲǳ˾ԼӦöһѣʹȻȻϣǾҪȥһΡ


2465 ʢ
ƺֱӾź˵ѡһֱӵؾͽ˴֮ڣϣ̤˺ɫӵһ˲䣬ΧҲǷһЩ仯
һЩ貵ĹâȻڵ渡ֶһһķģǿҵĿռ䲨һ˲ɫӳһǿҶ貵Ĺֱ񷣡
Ȼƺƴľ֮УƵ𽥵ʧ˺ɫ֮УٴγֵʱȴһططȷŸղŵĻҰΪͬ
ٴγֵĶԷһƬɽĵطһɨӶȥǲɫ͸¶еĹߴʮɣɽ塣
ΧͻȻֵľɫҲһ£ǰ󷴲Ҳ̫˵ɣʲôطĪѾ˽
üͷ壬΢΢ظӦһ£ԼӦûû뿪ķΧʲôطǲö֪ˣԶŭҰ޵ȻһƬŰĴء
䣡
ڷƷ㶵ʱǰһ̲ȴǶȻֱӵ£ǱʲôӴײһ㣬΢΢һüͷҲԱߡ
ʱ򣬳һͷɽһľޣڱǰȴûע⵽ƵĴڣҲûзʲôĽ
ģǺʢôȻôϵľޣҲ棬ʵ̫ˣʼƬطߣ˺ܶȤ顣
֮洦ɼǸϧҩݣһЩ缸Ǿɼ֣ʱȴǳƬسڴ˵أһʱ֮󣬷ȴɫùŹ
ԼڵǱѹһ㣬ߵʱԽ࣬ȻǳһƣУ÷ƸΪ棬Լ֮⣬ѾǺٻָܹоˡ
󣬷ƵʼɫâһαȻܼӳʲôȷƼֵѹơ
˴֮󣬷߳һƬ಻ϵɫشǰȴǳһƵĽȥƷĹһĴڡ
ûǷĹڷǰֵһޱȵظߴ󣬼̧ͷ߶ȣֱƲ񷣬һĹһǿĴڳ˯ѣ
˫΢Уһ˵һ޷ſĹ̳ǰһ㣬
ⲻһĹһǿӵѹƣ
ŷ𽥵ؿĹȻɫøӹŹܹظоõԼڵϢѹƵøҲǴĲ
Ī
Ƶ૵ԼڵϢǵ쳣ķӦ΢΢ϲĪԼѾѰҵԵĵطĿط
ûżؽĹ֮Уǲϵ߹۲ţƬ̧֮ͣͷ㶵ؿƵĽ
ⲻһ򵥵ķĹϿȥͲ񣬷һϴڵйһ㡣
غһڿĹһ˲䣬ȴǶȻ˱仯ȴͷųһֻɫâܣԼ֮Ҫ赲ŷƵȥ·һ㡣
䣡
һ죬ƵĲӲغڸղŵʱҪЩɫâӲȴǷ֣Լ޷ֻɫâӲˣõֻɫâӵжôµ
ˣ
ڷ˺֮ʣռҲһɫâϵ˸ţȴ۳һֵıڷƵǰѱ۶ɵһ˲䣬Ƶ嶼΢һ˫֧Ųסһϵضš
ɫüΪѿ˫ֱǰɫâ۶ֱڲţΪԼȻǳܲѹ
⡭ԲƵоǶ϶ˣѻɫâ۶żͷȴֿܻµѹ
ԼܲѹִĻʸ˫ִҲûʲô취
ǰһֱ΢΢üͷѱȥ񵶽ӲҪ˵ĻһѸͷֱֻе㳤˶ѡ
ͷ
ȻƵоһ㶣һЩżϵļأڹģǰ̹ŵһѸͷ̹ѸͷأնеĻ磡
òǰѸͷɣ


2466 һ
ͻȻ۶ıҲǾ֣ɵЩڹĴ˵Ȼ̹ʹõһźܴ֮

Ĺ̹ùѹأ
ƵĪؼĪ⻹Լһ㣬һĹʵǴŹ
Ļδ̫ˣѾǼʶˣһȫ渴յǽǸƬشѣǹֻӵжôӴǲȥ
ǾڴʱһѸͷȴǶȻΧĿռ䶼ǲϵŤһǿҵĿռ䲨ǿƣѹ֮
ƽҧأ˫Ѿľǿǰȴ˫ضѸα˿
ǹҲ
Ƶŭ֪ǰѹҪѹȻ֪ĿĺڣԵǲֱ䣬ؿǿƳ𣬲Ƿһƣͬ˶ǶȻһһֲ˼ǰơ޷κΥͷǿǿߣҲֻг
⡭ĪЩӡĴھˣƶɫʱǱüΪѿĻǿɾˣǴѹˣ
һǺѹ
ҲϲͲǰĶ֣̫ˣ
֪ģطʲôҲҧ뵽ʵ̫ˣ޷Ĵڣ
ǷƣǺˣʱûϵõһɫؽ֮УȴҲͬش˲죬ΪǶֲȴǼΪϤ
ģĲôڣ
Ǹ˽֮󣬴Ľưɣ
ģģУҪֹ˯ô꣬һգǸûκΰ취ֻܼѹ
ʱЩڣÿһܻΪڵӡռ䣬ܴһֵԴǹôȥˣ𽥵˳˯֮Уȴάŷӡ
ǧǰǷķӡֹͣļ󣬶ʱϲΪڳ˯ûвôһ㣬ôǾǿһ㣬͵͵׼һͻƷӡʱ򼴱ǹѣҲҲû˿İ취̹Ÿ
Ȼ̹Ѿȥ˲֪ˣôܻḴ
һĻȴǳϣ˯ĵطȻǱǿĲȻܿͻǱѣʱѣȻҲ֪ӡ⣬ôǾû˿Ļˡ
£ɫ֮дŭħﲻϵطƬ֮ҲһƬһƬħֱӵŹһطӿֹȥ
ֻҪڹ֮ǰһ˸ɱǴôͻǼ˯ǲǻһ˿ϣȻùˣǻû취ȥǸ˵ı
ǽһѱ˵һŹͬĴڣ
ʱһƵĽǰҧؿǰɻɫâ۶ɵĿ¸ͷαɫʼ𽥵رò԰ףʼõܲסѹˡ
һ̣ȴǵɴ۾ΪǰѸͷȴ΢΢ӣѸͷƺҪĿȻԼ
ȥİɣҪң
·һ־ĸоѹȻǾԼ赲סô
Ȼǲܵģ赲һ˵ˣǺҲ
һ̣оޱȣ޷˵飬ҲֻؿŹԼ
ռǼ䣬ͷų貵âǲ֮ϵգһʱ̣𽥵ر˫Ҳ޿κΣԹûŰȥһ
Ȼһ̣ûпǣ߾ţȻ£һѹȴûǰһƬռʱռֽһεر˺ѶһƬҲǶȻŤ
ǡãڵλþŤĿռ֮УܵõΧռĻңƱ˫þùȴûзԼ̲ס˫


2467 Խʱյ
Ȼ˫ʱȴǷԼʱΧĿռ䶼Ƿֱ仯ΪؿܵһУҲ¶һʧ
һ̣ΧĿռȴǶȻٶȷ˱仯ϵŤţһƬҪȫţ˷Ѿǿһ۹ȥŤĿռ䡣
ƽüͷ˼Ƭ̣еϤһԴǾеʱ䷨򣡡
ûд̺ľʱ䷨
ֲϤĸоȻʱ䷨ȻڷӵеһǱȽϱԷһֱûжʹãΪǺǿߣʱ䷨ѾеһּΪĸо
ġðʱ䷨򣡡૵صȻȴǷ֣ԼһƬʱ䷨Ӱ죬˵˭ʱ䷨棬ܵӰ죬ļϻȵȡ
ܿ죬ƾǷˣһнΪڵ飬ʱ濪ʼ𽥵ӿֳһɫâȻӳϣǱʱ䷨Ĳ
̫ˡ૵صҲԼز²⵽ԼƺǴĳֽƣղŵĹӦòĹֻһӡǶѡ
ΪԼڵڣԲǴѹӡǵĳ֣Ż˽顣
ΧĿռ䲻ϵŤҲȫɫâУΧһУʱһ㣬ϵر仯ţԼһЩʲôȴǲҿ϶
֪ǹ˶ãΧĿռȶȻʱ򣬳ڷΧȴһƬɫ磬һȥȫǻɵɫȴɫûκζ
һĻƳĬҪһԼ壬ȴǷָ޷Ҫſ춼иǾ֡
Ȼһ̣һƬͷĻɫ֮УȴǳһâΪ貵â
һâǻһƬɫ磬ͺһӾնˣ
Լ֮УһƬ貵â֮УƿһӣֳһѸͷݺݵ£
̹ţ
̹ţ
ƵжȻȷԾ̹ţһĻ̹ſٵص龰
ƵȷԼڹ֮ϵʱ䷨ƺǰԼһֵĵطһ֮飡
㶵ؿһâ֮гֵӰ֪ΪΣһϤĸоһӰһּ¶ֵĸоʶҪһӰ߹ȥΪΧԵʣû˿İ취ܹ
ԣҲֻؿһеķ
һӰ貵â֮һţ֮󣬷ƾǿʼоõһ޾ĻɫȴǶȻʧȡǰ쵶ʵɫ
ͺһƬųĵطȻسһ
ʱ򣬷ԼؿһŮӰʼԼԶͬǣȻһӰԼҲǾ÷ǳ죬·ǸĲˡ
Ů˭ΪʲôԼҲֵϤо
ŮӵӰͬҲһţȻŮӰʧ֮󣬷Ƹоõܵ磬ǱøˣΪǿԿ˶ıܣ޵ǿĳ֣
Ů洣
ƵԺ棬ȻôһͷǴŮ洣
̹šŮ洡Щ½سˣȻؿḶ́ʱȴǱӡˣԼվһԹߵĽǶһУ
ȻһжûнƬ֮һƬ߲ʰ쵣ԵĴ½ȴǲ֪ʱ𣬳ֳһЩɫЩɫޱȵر䣬Ƿƿ˶Ǹоһ˵ļ¡
һƬڰڳ֮󣬺ȻҲһƬ쵵Ĵ½䣬ܿ죬Щɫ֮ȫޣƬϵһǿʼ÷
޿ʼϵϮųԼǰһУڷɱһЩԵ壬ȴչս
ʱ綼һƬս֮Уֻзɱ¾Ҳû
ȻһƬ½Ҫɫռеʱ򣬹ٴγ֣̹źŮ洵Ӱǳ貵â֮УǿЩ˵òϤĸоȴǻ֮ȥ
λ֮ҲźܶǿߣʼЩӵкɫ￪ʼ˶ղǽǾطӡ


2468 Ĵ
ֱ˿̣ףһѹ֮ӡǣΪԼڵԶţӡǣһЩ龰Լǰ
̹ùնƻ磬ٳأŮ壬ֱֺڰħĳ֣ϯ䣬󲻵ѣظգķķӡ
Ī顭Ź֮е̹ţŮʲôϵƾؿһУ붯ҲˣԺ֮ͷ
һ϶ǣλ̹ŻŮ洣ǾͲ֪ˣƸǰߡ
ȻЩʱջλַӡЩڰħ֮󣬻濪ʼ̧ͷԼӵޱϤоӰҲ޷ƽ
𽥵أȥƬ̵ʱһӰԼȻȴǷ֣һ̣ǰĹâԽԽ財
ӾԼܽ貵Ĺâȴ˫ۣò޷һӵʵò
貵Ĺâ𽥵ȡУǼ䣬ΧŤռҲ˲رƵ嶸ȻظоһּҪ˺ѵĸоҵĿռ֮ʼϵ
⣬⡭
ƵоһֲĸоʱҲǹ˲ҪһԼĿòǿԼ侲ӶҪеذ޷״̬
㶯
Ĵһŭ֪ȥĻ¾͵ǻرֿ񱩵Ŀռ֮Լ˺飬龰Ȼ⿴ġ
Ǽ䣬ڵһ£ƱǸоһǰδеɣǼӹԼڵһӾȫʧӰ٣
ܶˣİ֮£ǿԶˣֱӵؾǶȻ˫ӳһƬ貵Ĺâ˿޾壬ֱӵش߶Լڵǿеһн
ͬʱΧĿռһӾ˲˿һ澵ӣֱӱ֧ƵҲǲҲûֿ񱩵Ŀռ֮Լ塣
ʱ˿̣Ҳ˲ȥ˼Ӱ鵱Ҫ飬ǵԼֱ仯֮л
䣡
һ촫Ǽ䣬ռ䶼Ǳ֧飬ҲٶȲʱ䷨٣һǲϵؼ٣ҵʱ䷨ƺ޷Ӱõ
ɫüΪأûκζֻתԼڵҲǲκ׵ؾٶ»һЩҪ鷳
Ȼ֮УʱɿţΧһƬ貵â֮УͻȻԼһ̾Ϣ
̫ˡ̫ļô
̾Ϣĳּ÷ΪԼǲ˴ȻҪȥ׷ʱΧĿռһδ˺¡һ죬˲תƣµ߸
Χľɫһεر仯һƬ֮󣬷˱ǶȻطֱӵذڵϣŴΧ
ջǻˣǰһƵķĹͷһ޷İųԼǰһѻɫ۶ɵĹȴʧ
⡭ô£ƲϵشŴӵ亹ղŵľһجһ㣬ȴôʵ
ƽƬ̣ջǻָ˹վҪӽһƵķĹ֮ʣȴǷǰһɿֹ޷ǰ
ŬԶ֮󣬷ֱӵģ֪ԼӦûа취ٿĹĹȻڵŹйصĶ˿ŵ˵ӵйĴУ
ʱ򣬷ƿʼԼһУԼֵһ̾ϢȻԼһζɹǴͷʱֵĲһģһ
Ҳ˵ղԼˣǰԼģͬһˣ
˭
˿̣ƵҲеѵԼĴôһǴ֮󣬷˼˺ܾҲûеóһۣҲֻ˵Լ˴Ȼһٴη˵ô
̫ôƻ̧ͷǰһƵķĹԺŸղһ̾ϢȭͷҲǲɵýգǵģ̫ˣ
пܸղԼٵһ컯ǹĴҲ˵ȴΪԼ̫ˣ޷һУ


2469 
Լ㹻ǿĻôղžͺпܾͿȫؽЩĴУ뵽һ㣬ƵǱ΢ʧһֱΪѾ㹻ǿˣЩڣȻ޷УҲһЩͬȼǿ˵ѾǺˣ
һУǿʵǰȴԶԶ
ǵģͨɱԼƺЩڣ޷ɱԼô
ҡҡͷԼڶǿһЩλضԼλ޷ƴĹǲŵ˵һλԼ֣ôܵĻᶼܻ֡
һй̵ף̫ˣ
ȥһֱŴ۾Ϊ׼ǳڶǿ߸գҲûʶ⣬Ǿղһ̾Ϣ֪Լˡ
֪ԴͻƵ˴۵ľ֮֮ѾһԴԼû̫Ĳõ
ûһĴ˵飬ԹΪµǴǳɹضɹ۾֮еһˣҲԱܹ֮֮
һжǺǿ
ǡǿߣЩʲôãû뵽һ㣬ΪǱʶ棬ɶ⼸ǳЩ𾳵ǿߣҲ˳ֶԸòԼ֡
ԣһӾһ˼ά֮У̹׵˵Ϊһ̾Ϣ÷ƲԼ⣬ôպ𽥵ݱΪħ
һħôҪ˷ĻҪķѸ񣬶պҪнʱħ֣¾Ǵ޽ˣҲȲ
뵽һ㣬غһ¶һֻĵЦݣ£µ֪Լ㣬Ϊµ顣
Ѿ֪Լ⣬ôҲͺܺýˣǾҪŬǿһɳһ㹻ǿĵز
Ƶɫ𽥵ر£ǰһƵķĹҲ¶ɫֱӵؾϹһ£һص̾Ϣ޷ʶ⡣
Σһ̾Ϣǵ㻯ԼԼ֪ڡ
ȻҲ֪˭պұ㹻ǿʱһٴ㿴Ƿ㹻ʸôУ
нصѾǿԺ֪ĹӦþӵйĴУԼղŲһǿԵõִУȴΪԼΪ̫ˣֻź֮
û˻ģǰµһøǿĶֻҪøӵǿôͿĹ񴫳У
֪Լʱ޷ĹκιϵҲȻת˿Ҫ뿪׷Ѱøǿ;
ĿģѾ֪ˣĹ棬ӦþǴһЩܹԼĶ޷ȥҲǴˣһжûйϵǰˣҲûа취á
ȻˣǸһ뿪ѰҵˣȻ뿪طӶȥ׷Ѱøǿİ취
ڷת뿪һ˲䣬һƵķĹҲһ£ֻһзƶûмѣ뿪һƬ֮󣬷ٶǷһƬïܵԶ֮С
ѰһطֱӵӦһ֮Ҳ׼ٶ̣ʱ棬ѾĥͷХƵѪԵлӦˡ
Ȼģɱ磬Ǻôһ򣬲ǰ·ٶ࣬ҲǱҪȥġ
غһ׼Ҫ뿪ʱɫȴǶȻһ䣬̧ͷɨӹܣɫ𽥵ر
һ̣Ƭֶǰһ㣬û˾޵ŭҲûκεĶǵȼžĳһֲ
Щ֪ĶƵ૵Ѿǲõ⸽ٶǳ޾ħҲΨˣǳ
ʱ򣬷Ƶ嶸Ȼ˸뿪ԭأ뿪ԭصһ˲䣬һӰֱӵسԭڵλãһͷħ
ƵͻȻʧãȻҪϮȴûĵԷֱӵʧˣȻãȻʱһɫȻƿ˿ռ䣬ֱӵػԴ
飡
һϸ΢죬ħǶȻػ𣬳ΪһƺɫϢ𽥵ʧ˿֮УڴͬʱƵӰҲǻڲԶ¶


2470 Եͼ
ƵӰڳ֮ȻҲ˳˼֮УûпͷųԼʶѾ֪ԼܣѾǳ˲ٵħֵǣЩħﵽ׶ģ
𣡡
һŭȻشļžƬ֮ڷƵߣֱӵسڶӰϵط˸ĺЩħ񣬶ŷƣ
һĻȻı仯õ÷ƽüͷΧֵħȻǱ֮ǰҪ
Ҳڲɣ⵽Ƿʲô£طȻôħְ˵︽һĹĴڣӦòκεħҪ
£һĻȴֱӵطˡ
ڶħ𽥵ռһƬ֣ʱ֮£һƬطǱħӰأգһɨӹȥĶĿ¶âħ
һ֪ٵˣЩħԼ˹ԼΪǿЩħ󲿷ֶʥ۷Ϊ˵̫ڼɵ
ִһƬɫâ±ǽ⸽һƬħﶼǳ׵ʱŷƵĶ֣ܵħҲŭ𲻶ϣҲǿʼ׷ŷϮȥ
֮ħһεû˷ƣʱһƬĵطǱЩħȫƻˣ÷ǣЩħط޼ɵĳ֣һĹûκηӦûаϵһ㡣
侲ҲףһֻԼЩħﲢѶԸʥ۷ҵˮƽûκһͷħԳŵĹƵһι
ǷһҲܹһնɱһƬħһֵħʵ̫ˣ
ľɫâϵɱħŵǸħ֣÷ƶ𽥵ظܵ˷
Щħﲻ֪ΪΣǲһ㣬ǰźܴ࣬ϮĿĲ֪ΪΣ֪Щħ϶ǱڲݣӣԷʲôͼأ
ܿ죬ƱǸоõԼƺûа취άȥˣվǸģЩ࣬޾ֵħҲԶԸ
غһ֪ԼҪͻЩħİΧȻĻԼ²ЩħɱҲǻرĶɲⷢ
ɨӶȻľǵһʱһƷĹǰԼٴηĻ»ܹЩħɵࡣ
Ϊ֮пһЩħ֮пһĹĸǸոտһ˲䣬Ǳһεɱ
Ե·Ҳ뵽ԼܹٴηصһƬ򣬿¾ܹܿЩħţȻȴǾ㵵ط֣¶ҪǰһͻΧʱЩħøӵ׺ݣƺֹһ
ڻɱħ֮󣬵նɱ꣬·ҲֻǱԭأ޷ٰһȥж֮·Ҳֻȡ㡣
üͷƵʶɢȥܿӾǸֳһĨŹֵɫΪһ򣬾ȻǺܱûκħĳ֣
һȴŸƵķĹǡ෴ķ
һĻʱ򣬷ıøӵغΪһֵħǿûݣֱ̫ˣ
Եֵزܼ򵥾Լһȥ
ʱƵо˹ҪǿԼһǰȥһָĵطͬʱҲǷ֣һ򣬾ȻԼǰӦХƵ˵ķһģһġ
ǣԽԽ÷оɲֱ̫ˣ
뵽ǰط飬һ·ֵħҲָԼȴΪ˹ķĹ֮󣬲µı仯
ȻһڰеĴڣȥȴԼ̫ĽӴһĹĶһγֵħҲ쳣ض࣬ǿеرԼһ뿪
ϸĳƬ̣Ҳҧأֱӵ˸һΪķ뿪µò뿪Ȼ˵ͼԣԵزûа취֪壬ҲǱҪһȥ
ȻڷѡһΪķͻΧ֮ЩħﶼǲûбֳƵͼԽ÷ԽΪ


2471 ·;
Ҳ˳һΪĵطͻƣ֮УЩ겻ħﲢûмŷƽйһĻҲ÷ƽȭͷ
ָоʵ̫ˣ÷һǴڱ˵ƿ֮ǰ̧ͷһǰͬҲǳ˺ܶħЩħɺ˫עŷƣͬڱһķһ㡣
ŭһ֮ڵľż֮Ȼرֱӵؽ赲ǰһƬħﶼǳ׵ظɱû˿飬һжù
ΪֻҪǷһѡķ򲻶ԾնɱٶħҲ޲ΪħԴԴϵس֣Գ׵նɱɾ
ǰ˺ܾãһֱҪָоôնɱҲûа취Ĵǣòȱźõĵ·ǰֱԼһطȻԼȥᵽﶼ֪
ģ
ƴŴܵħʼԼİΧԽԽ࣬Ҳ̲סƿڴһҪѰͻƿڣָûκá
ֻҪһѡ˲ȷķЩħǷһ㣬ֱӵŷƷع۷εնɱҲֹЩħ
ȥ˶ã˾ѾľԼڵɨӹΪסԼħһͬķ֣ԼԱߣһħΪϡ٣ǵԼȥһ㡣
̾ϢһҲ֪ԼûѡĿܣɴǷ˵ֿһ·ֱӵذħΪķǰҵǣڷѡ֮£ȻҲûжħϮ
һ㣬÷գûа취ΪԼһ˵޷ôħ
Ȼֱǣűߵ£Ʋ֪ѾǲϵǰһԼδ֪ķǰҵǣ֮УһֱõԼŷХƵ˵ľԽԽؿҲǱ΢ƽ
Ȼ֪˭ڰħָԼߵһָĵط֪ȥĻ϶ܹź
ֻҪǻغϣôҲνˣʱǶһʲôΣգҲǲ̫ĵġ
һʱǰ֮УҲǲϵشԽ˺üƵĴȻ֪ԼԽԭضپ룬ܿ𽥵زõԼŷХƵĸӦƺԽԽǿˡ
¡˶ʱ䣬Լܹźٶ
ͷҲǱһȫţЩħԱߵĻ񣬲ƴʱҲû̫Щħֻ鼫Ϊˬʱ򣬲ǳǿлɱһƬһƬħԱͷųԼеĲˬ
ȴǲ֪ǣԼʱںˣԵҲһģһں˴ʱҲǱһȺħǣűߡ
ҲǳԹɱЩħҪѰͻƿڣǺܿ˾֪λɱЩħֻҪԼߵķ򲻶ԣͻŸħǡ
ǵǵǲòԤõ·ǰ뿪Ļᡣ
ں㸸׵ĸӦΣҪòܹüͷҲһ·壬ʵ̫ˣ쵽һֲ
ܻǵȸӦıǰΪǿңûв´Ļ»ҪüܹŸˡХƳƬ̣Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ģЩħﵽô£ڻֵŭŭӹЩΧħԹʱ棬һֱǱЩħǣűߣʵÿ涼һ˵Թ
ںԣǷҲһģһ˶ҪǰȥһطǸطпܾǷӡǿ֮أƬ̣Ҳҡҡͷ
Ϊ𾳵ǿߣʱܹȫ̱ǣűߣûУʵúĶǲˬȴû˿İ취
ģĻǻڷӡЩڵĵطŷƶҲüͷӾŭ
ûд½Ҫʲô飬Ҳ²ⲻ͸ϾǶ۵һط֪Щڻʲô顣̾һҪ֪Щڿ޷׻ɱֻѡӡǿڣȻ𣬵ȴ޵У飬ܹ


2472 ֮أ
˴ʱԵ֪ǰΣյĴڣǶҪǰȻֱǣűߵĸоǺܲˬȴû˿İ취
ǷƣǺ߶ǼٵǰţֻҪ߶˷Щ;ֵħϮǣߵľ룬ҲԽԽˡ
ʱһɫؽĵطΪڶħڲɫصĽ߸ߵڵϣΧħﶼǶɫؽмĿ־塣
ЩˡӦúܿɣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ںɫ֮дһۻ͸¶һݣУ
Ӧúܿˣ߶ħԴԴϵسֻ֣ҪһħͻǲϵϮǣʹǲòǰ
һŮҲɭɭ̲֮סëȻ
᲻ͼ̫ˣһǿô죿ʹǵȵΨһᣡҲǼʱȴ͸¶һֵǡ
֪ΣҲֻǹԹԵط
ǰһ˵ۻҲǹЦЦطõÿռ䶼Ϊ֮𵴲ѣ
ֻҪһ̤ܹķΧôǼôҲ޷ӵóǵģ
ҲԣܵѾǲúˣֻҪܹڴ˵أǾŻٴ뿪ط̹ţ
֮󣬺ɫؽȻҲǰΧ޾ħεһһ㣡
ƴʱѾ𽥵ؽӽһƬ򣬴ʱڴԽһƬʯ֣ͬһʱ䣬ֵħҲԽԽ࣬ǳԼǰܺ͡
⸽Ļõ÷бøΪΧȫǺɫʯһļµһ㣬ҲغһҲʮֵԼѾǿҪĿĵˡ
ϣǣԼǹǸطԸؿ˵ĳ֣
һƬĺɫʯ֮󣬷ƶȻرǲԼǰľɫ仯һƬտƽԭ޾غɫħЩħڷƳֵһ˲䣬ҲǶȻؽͶ
ǧħͬһʱעŷƣͨ˿ľˣκηƸ˿壬̧ͷһԪȴھͷһصĺɫ
ɫؽһŲһ㣬ǸƣηȻֵطȴǳصĽ÷ƵЩɡ
ǰֵһĹ̺ĴУȻطȴһħ˵ħ죬ܹطֵĽ¶ʲô¡
ȻʱƵҲЩ𰸣ǾͺпܣصĺɫӡľЩԶ޷׻ɱħħҲΨˣܹǽһĽ
غһƵжȻһ˫֮ҲǶȻظֳһĨϲΪҲǲ˷ХƵ˵ϢѾԼظоõˡ
ûв´Ļôпܣһε·̵յվһɫؽ
˭ʲô;ҾͲ˱ӡôãʲôͨ·ƵɫҲ𽥵رᶨԼĽŲųǧħҲ˿ز£
ȻʱٵҲһƬħĵط֮ҲǷԼŷƵľǽӽ֮󣬷׷Ǽӿٶȣһɫؽȥ
ʱ򣬺ɫĴǲǵĵҲǴһпЦ૵ȻˣǾΪҵȺúкһ°ɣһ¾ɱ¾
֮ΧֵħҲȻɫһ䣬Ǳ÷һ㣬Է˲ܿͲϵӶ鲼ħ
һ˲֮󣬲ǷƣǺˣʱǲõԼڵĵطΧħʱǷһЩ䣬Լе㱩ļ
ԭЩħＴǿԼĳ֮󣬱ҲǺƽǾעԼʱȴǴЩħ濴һֽһɱ¾
⣬Щħòǡ
ƽܵħ仯۵ףҲֳһͷЩħòҪʱԼϮɣ


2473 ɱ¾
ΧħѾǱֳһּΪԶǷ˵ͳȻһ̼Ҫ֣Ҳ࣬ûκεͣӰֱӵǰ̶ȥ
ڶڷ˵ΪҪľҪȺͺ˻һѾǲ˵ϢѾԼǳˣκͣӰһӰֱӵر
Ƶٶȷǳؿ죬ǿռһ˿ӰѾ˲˸ȻŷƵĶܵħҲǶʱŭһ֮ضǷ
ħ죬׷ǶŷƳֹǷƵٶٿ죬ҲȲ鲼֮صħԼҪǿȳ̳ȥǶûа취Щħ˿ֱӵؾסơ
ȥɣ
üΪУҲûκεһ֣ľһ貵ľɫâһ㣬֮ɫħҲֻǷĺӶڿռ֮С
˫΢УɫâϵΧ壬һһڳ֣ЩħＸûκΰ취ΪżǴ֮ǵ˺ҲǷǳ㹻Ƶ嶼޷
ʱһɫؽ֮ϣȴǴһɵΪͨħı֣鲢Լǰ򵥡
ȻǴ֮˵˭
ȻЩ˵֮ҲһˣǴܹӵеʱȷʵǵĸ֪Χ֮УʵѰζ
¿ɾͲˣȻǴ֮ӳϡһҲ̺һ˿ǣΪǹĴڣӵеǴ֮֮Ψйܹӵּ֮
һĻȻҲǳǰϣǰֻƾо֪ˣ̺ϢȴûõȻӵǴ֮Ĵڡ
ʲôӵǴ֮ǶԸˣȴԶԸֻҪǸ̤⸽˲󷨣ʱҪܹˡ
һۻڲϵشݵЦɫؽҲǰһͷȴ˵ľ޴һ㣬صŷƵ˵ĳ֡
ȻӵоżǴ֮ܵħܹ㹻вΪ̫ˣһͻЩħİΧ֮С
ħЩһֵĴڣöι״Ψһûб仯ľǣаϢ÷ƵĶǳһ˿¶
һЩħմȾԼ֪᲻ʲô˵ֻҪħմȾϣͺܿͬҲǱħҲΪһ㣬ԶŵǲϧҪӡǡ
Ʋ֪Լʱź˾뻹жԶ˫ƾеһĨӦϵǰš
Դӽ֮֮󣬷ƽѾľˣŲϵؾɫâƣħﶼ˲رԼǲ֪ɱ˶ħ
ܶΣڵǸɿݵʱȻҲԵʣԲϵ֧ȥ෴ںǱߵͱòǺֹˡ
ңʱƣǺܿǷһ˿׵⣬ǾЩħûжɱ⣬仰˵ǲϵǣʱᴭ
ǰһɫ
ܿ죬Х̧ͷҲǿǰֵĺɫؽжڷƵĸӦҲһӱøǿХƱ֪Ӧͬǻǰ
Сĵ㣬ܹ죬Ҫ߶Ҳغһ˷ХƵϣʵ㸸׵ϢΣǷ⸽
ХƵ˵ͷûüشںǰǶȻһ־ɫâȵĻһ㣬ϯõڶħﲻϵطĺӶɢ
СӣƶҲǹһЦҲܹӦƵϢȰľɫ֮䣬Ψз֮⣬ûܹӵˡ
ƵٶȺܿ죬¼Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ɫâһһ㣬ϣŷƺֱײ˲ǳ˺˵ǰ
÷ƿһ֮ɫȻҲХƵһһȻ¶ƣɫȴûжƣûмԱҲ΢˷ܡ
ҵˣĹطҲЦ


2474 صĴ
ܹҵͺãҲ˼ķƵļһܹɹˣڽʱ򣬴ȴǶԷƳ⣬˭Ҳûа취õġ
һжãҶǻȻػţҪ¡
߰ɣһ뿪ҲЦŵ˵һνĿѾǴﵽˣôǷ֮أҲǲҼ
Լ֮УѾһֲĸоһǾһ֮أеֲоԽԽǿҡ
ѾѰҵ˵Ŀ飿Ҳ΢΢һüͷϾǶڷ˵ΪҪѾѰҵĻȻ뿪
ţѾ֪ôˣڵһûʲôֻеȴԺ˵ƵҲ΢е㼱٣֪ΪΣеǹɲԽԽǿңڵ鶼ǲϵš
˵һ£ǾǼŲ鷢
߰ɣˣƵü٣Ӱ̤ȻȴǷ֣֪Ӻʱ𣬵ȴǶȻһֺɫâ
Щɫâϵ໤һԶԶȥһһ㣬󷨳֮󣬷ȻҲɫһ䣬Ϊ˫Ŀ֮ǰЩƬطħʱ֮һƺɫϢر˽ŵ֮µ󷨣
⣬ô£ɫȻһ䣬˫΢΢壬ѾǷԼƺ޷ˣЩɫâǲϵ˳˵Ľ꣬ƺҪǵһ㡣
Ҫǲ֪ΪΣԺȴǶȻһ죬˵ʶǱûججͻȻذŷһģˡ
Ǻƶ𣬻ͺڻˣΨǷХƵ岻ϵسֳһ͵âƺҪֺɫâ֡
ΪС򱻷ХƱţԵҲûжı仯ΨһľǷХԼ֮лһʶȴͽ޹ˡ
Ȼһ㣬Ҳ㹻ˣƫҪ
Хƻ֮ȴôһĻƵЦԲͬһˣҪŬ˫һµ׷ʲô飬ȴ
ģĸо֪ά˶ã˵壬ǷƵڣ˲صڵϣʱΧϵڶɫâѾǻʧͬûгһ㡣
ʱԭڶħ֮أʱȴǶȻرÿյ˵ħˣһӰ޷ڣһĻʵ˸о㵡
ΨľǣһɫؽǸ߸ߵڵϣǰ˵ƺһʲôһ㡣
֪˶ãһ˲䣬ҲǰȥԹȥܾõķƣȴͻȻضһָͷ󻺻˫ɨӶܡ
⡭׷ʲô£΢΢̧ͷãȻܵȴԼԹȥ֮ǰźܴĲ࣬Щ޴ڵħѾǾʧˡ
֮ǰڵЩɫâҲǾʧ̫ˣ
ŷ֮ҲһһѹͬҲһãȻܣͬҲǲ֪ʲô飬ôһӾͳôı仯
ȻΪǲ׵ľǣǾȻͬһʱ֮ڻ˹ȥôǻԹȥʱ棬Ƿʲô飿һ˵֪
źһۣʶʵô
ƶҡҡͷûκ˵ҲǸԼһԼ壬ȴûκεز׳֣Ϊĵط
ҼǵáԼ֮УԵʱܶЦЩЦһ˲ʧˣ֪ǷХƽüͷСҲرʾ⡣
ƽüͷվԭ˼һ£ڻ֮ǰֵһֲ仹춯һβô򵥡
غһƻ˻֣üȻ˼ʲôҲֻǾ뿪طٶɨһܣҲһٶȰԭ·֮߻ȥ
Ȼֻǰպķ˹ȥһ·ϣҶǱųĬգΪʵ̫ˣǻԵʱڣǷʲô顣
ȴǲ֪ǻԹȥʱ򣬳˷ƺͷХ֮⣬ÿ˵ڣǶһЩصĴڣһͬԼûв


2475 ٷ
ܳһʱ·֮󣬷ƵҲٶȷȺֵĵطһŬ֮ҲٶȵشͳǱĺڰ֮С
˵ֵҲǣԴӷƵѹڸ·֮УҲûκεħһ˶㵣Ҳû̫⣬ֱӵؾǸ·뿪
ʱΪʱѾǹȥ̫ˣͨ컹ǺţѾ뿪ֻ̫ԼĪȾţʸ˫Ȼ֮һ
ڣʸ˫ȵĵλѾ˿ɺˣһ½أ̫ϳһȺϼһѾǽȵ̣ڸͬʱҲǵ춨һιĽˡ
ʸ˫ʱкǵǣΪƵ˽̫ѾԼĪһµʱ䣬һ棬δŰϢܶѹֲסеĽǣ޲ԼȥѰҡ
ȻҲǺڵʵȥˣҲ˿ãüװ򶨵ɫΪܹȵǿ߲˲ס
ڣʸ˫ͷƵĹϵʮأ˵ǷХƵĴڣȵЩ̫ϳ֪ʸ˫ͷƵ飬ƻŭֱӵطϳʸ˫ĵλ
ԣ»ʸ˫ҲֻÿվѷԵֻϣƵ˾س֡
գʸ˫ѰһѷԵ⼸ѾǳΪÿϰߣȻΪõȵǿߺǲ⣬ȴûж飬ô˵ʸ˫ĵλڷû˻Ըһεδȹ
ʸ˫ĵؿһڲ׵ѷ죬Ԩ̲סһļ¡
Ǿˣ
ʸ˫ر˫̾ϢһѾһˣϵԽãͻøӲ޷ܷƵ˳µϢ
Ȼһ̣ʸ˫˫Ȼ˫ɫ𽥵¶һ־ϲɫһ˫żɫޱȵĺڰѷ֮Уǿʲôһ㡣
ˣǻˣ
ʸ˫ȻسһΪڲ˷ƵϢзХƵģȻǶƽµĹˣʸ˫ĵһʯͷǿ
ʸ˫˻֣һѤĹâȵźţͬһʱ䣬Ѥâĳ֣ΧǱ鲼ǿ߶ǶȻش㵣²κγɣæ˸
֪ͨȨߣѾǳˡʸ˫ҲѸٵػָƽɫ˻֣Щǿ߷źţ֪ͨͨ졣
ΪĹϵ֮ͨǰҲǽ˹ˣǾ֪ͨ
ȵڶྫǿ߿ֻЩ˹Ҳǲɵñ˱죬ڳĲǿߣǷƣǿûжٺøУڳһЩˣںͷǲϤ
һЩһǿߣĬĬؿһڵԨѷ֮Ҳ̾һҲǳĬû˱ǸΪƶֶ˵źεȵ
Żʸ˫ķ˼в⣬Ҳûа취ΪҲȨ뿪֮ǰҪܲΥͨ
Ƭ֮貵âʼ˵֮г֣ڵĻ֮£ûʲô⼸ֵĹâΪĿ
ܿ죬Ƶһ˵Ѿǳ˻ʸ˫˵֮УϤӣʸ˫ҲǶȻЦܿϾ⻹õ˲õ
Ƶ̫֮ٴξͬ·̷ص˵棬ͬʱҲһΪ˵ĸо˽ӽһµʱ䣬ô࣬ʱܹٷص棬ʵһѵ顣
Ƶ˽̤ڵʱҲһǱиһܣֶȵǿߣҡҡͷҲ׼뿪Ϊûж塣
뿪ͷ㡣ƴʸ˫ҲʾԷҪ̫
ǣȴûõǣڷƸʱҡͷɫȴòȵǿ߶ǽüͷ֮ʲô˼
ڷҪ뿪ʱȴǱסˡ
£˭ˣȨ˵ҪǵһȵǿҲ̤ȻҪ·Ƶˣҽõûǹûʡ
ȻƵ˱ͣٶ½ŲˣǺƶ𣬽¶õɫ


2476 ѵ
ɨӶЩˣǷЩΪףѹͲһǿߣѹֻ˵Ӹǣ
ͨûи㣬ҪҲô׵ôƾЩԭǶûжٺøУھһηӡʧЧ֮󣬶ȵЩΪЩȴԶⲻ·ô
Ȼ˶ֱȨߴ
ԣΪǲҶǶ֣ȵȨߵˡһ
£Ҳ˸Ϊˬˣ׷վָ˵̬ȣ˵ͨȵǿߣô˶ִСС
Щ֪֣¾Ͳôˡ
һЩԶһǿߣҲǳĬ֪ƶ˶Ǻǵģȷͬ˵һͨԽ٣ͨǿӲֶǣҲ˵ġ
Ǳ죡˵ĵطô
ʱ򣬿Ļʸ˫ҲüһЩǿŭȵʲôЦ׿ͺ˵Ĺϵκ˶֪Ŀֲ֮ЩȥֱѰ·
ߣǵȨߣȵǿߣ£ǲҲ
ڤ粻飬Ҫӻʸ˫ĻҪǿг֣·ƵˣϾ˵ϢǲԣȵǿǿƣΪЩӦǿԵġ
ҪǣղźһЩѾǵһŭΪȵǿߣǺܹ衣
Ƕ뿪̫ˣЩǲ𿴻Щ˵ķӦҲŭЦЩ˵ľٶɾͺСԼݺʱǿɶûء
ƶҲЦҡҡͷȻǾͨúùܽһЩ󱲣պ˴֪ô¡
ƴʱʧЦûõֱᷢ仯Ҳ˫ۻ¶һϷɫȻЩѰ˼·ȻҺ鷳ʵǿЦ֮
ûõǣȵһЩǿ߾ȻǰĿ˷ƵϣҲ֪ǿƺ۸һ㣬ǱͿƲ˳ۡ
ŵһȵǿ֣߳ҹĿǷƵʱ򣬳ʱǱû¶΢΢㵵ɫȻҪԼע⡣
ǵѵΪԼǴүôҲЦȻԷͷټ̵ĻǿɾͲǷƵԸˡ
ңźƶĲ룬ȵЩ˼ûκλֱ֮ӵȫǱѹһһͷһģ
Щ֪Ǻڵ㣬ôǿֵزǵ˭ΨһЩûв鷳һǿߣʱվԱߣȴֻ
ʲôЦ𵱳磬Ų˶֮ɫĴڣƾǼ
ʱȻͨҲǸϵȵһǿ߱ӣɫҲǱò΢΢üͷɨƵĺ𣬵ֺαЩ󱲹ȥأ
ԣΧЩͷһǿߣҲǰп࣬ԭȵͨĳ֣ΪһһЩӣȻʵȴǾˣͨƺЩʶ
ҲѹǣϾǱȻʸ˫һǿ߸Ϊǿߣڴ˵أ֪ڴ֮ǰ˽ȥʲôˣҲǱѵ
ߣҸǹȥǲۣҪҵȵͷϣһҪ̣ҲЦص˿ûκȴȻڵľѾǵˣ˿ͨ졣
ͨЦ˵ӣȻô˵ˣô϶ԼߵЩ˲ۣȻ˶Ҫһ£ⲻѰ·ô
ˣ¾ôȥˡͨҲǻ˻֣ˣҲø˵һʲôҺøԯͷиһһֱء
ߣ˼ʣԣлʱ͸ʢͲûָͨŭˡ
ƶ˵ɫҲ΢΢رòƣϾһεȷȵʧְˣ˵䲻ģһβˣͬʱһεĽҲܡ
ķӡȻ˿ߣʲôӳô


2477 ׷
ź˵üΪƣͨҲǳһ£׷ʣô£
ɨӶڳĲǿߣЦһȣôȥˣǵԴƢǲģĿ˵ֵز
ɣ׷ʲô飬˵ˣα֣Ҳ߳ȥģ
֪ͨ˵ҲȻ̺һ˿ŭȻǱεĻŭôҲȵȨˣ˵ôԿ
ߣ裿ҡҡͷͨ죬ʵ֪ڽķӡѾǶûȥάˣǧʱûȥӡˣ
˻һȵǿ߻ǻʸ˫ͨ죬ɫǶȻһ䣬⼸ǲܵ飬Դ󣬵Ƕڽ£˭Ҳ⣿
ԲܣȻĵôǳȣͨͺȵ⼸ǲʵġ
ԣܣˣݵǣԱҲŲȵǿ߸飬ʹܹ˵޷ܵġ
ܣǼ˲˵ܣ
Щ˵ķӦɵиʧ͸ЩȵѵѾԴֵزô
ͨɫһﲻֱΪ⼸ǲܵ£Ժ𣬶ԷûбҪΪ¶ƭϾֻҪҳʱ为ӡѯһ¼ɡ
뵽ͨҲǻ˻֣ʾ˰Ƭ̣Ƕźģһһ
ͨҲת˻ʸ˫ϣʵصȣ׷ķӡ˭ң
ʸ˫ԣʱҲǵ˵ͷ¹ϵش󣬵Ҳǲ˿ضֱӵطɱȥΨоѰҵˣܹ֪ʵΡ
ʸ˫ĺǸӣź˵ĶģΪδҲ̫ˣһķӡתͷȴ£Ȼûȥά˵ȥǲţȶˣ
Ǻ˵ɫֲ˵ѣ»ʸ˫ľ;ޱȣʵΣôȥһ˲ܹ֪
Żʸ˫ȥӰڳһӾǳĬΪĻ¶ȵʵ̫ˣ
ȻʱɵǳλϲķÿͣȻԯߺͺţ
ôˣվѵʲôôԯҲ΢΢һЦɨӶڳĲˣںƶ˵ϣ΢صһͷ
ƶҲû̫ػһϼһһҪ𾴻Ҫеġ
ںţֵһɫһֱŵģƳһۺҲЦ˼£ûж˵ʲôԵ⼸֮йϵΪӡ
ͨɫ΢Σ˵ȥĻԺûںźԯͷǰ̧ͷˣϾһȷʵĻȿɾǴˡ
ߣһȾ֪˰ɡƶҲصһӻԼ˲·ĵص磬еŭǸӵʢ
ǲȥˣѵǷӡʲô⣿
ԯߺεȵǻۣһӾǲ²⵽Ĺؼ㣬Ҳźƶ̫һû˿ķԣ񿴼һƽҲ֤ӡ޴󰭣ǵɫƺǷһʲô顣
ͨ쿴סҲֻӲͷƤ˵ķӡѾû˿ˣ˷ӡֹͣŻǳһ̫ıҡ
ͨĻﻹû˵꣬ԯߺͺҲһɲС£
ȷԯɫΪػһ峤Ȼ׽ķӡûתǻᷢεȿµ£ڽֵطѹһ̫ıһ˵Ƶһжǹڷӡô
Ϊãѷӡתǻȥʬߵɫʮֵزһĵȷ̫ˡ
ͨ죬Ҫһԯ߳صǣ£ǿɾͲˣȻ̫ķӡûȥά⿪Цİɡ
Ǻ˻㿪Цôһ˵ձù
ˡͨҲǵصѾɳ˻ʸ˫ǰȥźܿŽʱֻҪǰѸӡµξѾ


2478 
ʱһֵַعȥʸ˫ûйȻʱţͨ˵ɫøӵأΪ϶Ƿʲô飬ȻĻʸ˫ôùȥˣûг֡
ʸ˫Խǲ֣ȵڶǿоԽסҲǻˣĪǺ˵ʵģĻȿɾ͵ùˡ
ڣھͽӽ˰֮󣬻ʸ˫Ӱٶǳ˵Ұ֮УͨΪ׵һǿȴֻʸ˫һ˷صʱиǳࡣ
ʸ˫˵ǰ֮Ҳһ֮ɫͨϣƺҪߣͨ˻֣ԯͷкŶڣٴûǸҪˡ
ֱ˵ɣأͨҲǱñ࣬Լ֮ƺѾˣѾǳƿء
Ѿˡʸ˫Ļشֱӣ仰˵ԼǲţȴʵԼȵʱҵ̫ϳҪҳ̫֮ǷҵʱѾǱһ߱ʬ壡
ôģ
ͨ켸ҧгݵصѾˣ˵ٶҲûãȻһҪʧĵӣһ޷
״Ϊңͺħһʸ˫һ£ҲǻشؽԼղĶǿȻԷ״Ҳһ
ħ
ʱԯߵǳһ£ǵ˫ȴų貵â·һӾǲ²⵽ʵࡣ
ĪѾ뵽ʲôҲ΢΢ƳһԯߣҲ˼˼ͿǷһ
ûв´Ļȷħˣص׵ķӡ磬һвͻǱϢȾǵ˶Ϊħԯߵ˵ͷһȷǵµý͡
󲢲ûзʱĽŲħûңһմȾǵϢ͵˶𽥵ػħֱ仯ǺԣǲϵطǱڵı仯˶޷֪
һı˾ǻ˷֮Уħһ㡣
ԾǸǰʱ䶼ȻǳĬԣҲǱħļ󡣡ʸ˫Ҳǳһµӡһλǿߣÿһʱͻ̫ϳǰһΣʸ˫Ǽʱȴûвʲô⡣
Ҳ˵صһ⣬Ǳħˡԯ߳һ£ҲǳӦ𽥵ħȻһЩħ壬ӶסûκΪӡʱ棬Ҳû˿ȥ
ԯⷬһʱõڳ˶ǳĬȷҲֻԯ˵Ļ˵ҲΨˣܹ˵ĸԴ
ôͣҲı䲻ǲԴ㣡ص˫֮бŷâɨӶڳĲǿߣеһ¡
ҵǣؽһ㡣ʱԯͷȴתЦеؿźˡ
ͷҿǺһǶ㣬ϴǵע⣬ǲ뵽κ飡ɫȻһ䣬Ҳ΢΢Цڵͷʵǵõʱµǣ
˵仰֮󣬺˻֣˵Ҫת뿪ϾطҲûжôȵÿ˶ɫ˵ȥˡ
¡
ԯҡҡͷʾĳصңҲҪٶˣǰѾǹȥˣαںһЩԹأɡ
ԯߵⷬõڳĲ˶Ǿɲ⾿˵˭仰ˣȴǳĬǺƶˣͨͺš
΢΢ƳһЩˣҲǸ̾Щ˵׶ǰʲôԹȻú˾ٶҪ뿪磬ĶҲһ档
˵Ҳû׷ʣҲֻǵȴԺ˻ᣬϸһܴܲĿʳʲô
ڿȻЩĹϵǲǳ˵źܴԨԴȴһľ棬Ƕ൰ۡ
˵ɡ
΢΢ͣһ½ŲҲҡҡͷǴһĨЦû˶ôЦڡ
ܿ죬һ˵ıӰôʧȵڶǿǰԯңңؿźıӰ̾ϢһƺżΡ


2479 ҹ
Ƶһֱӵ뿪̫һȺĿɿڴǿߣһε飬޹⣬˵ݺݵشһơ
ȣѾǱ̫ԴˣȻ鶼ܹԵ̶ֳȡ
Ƶ뿪̫֮Ҳʱź뿪ͷХƷѡΪȵϵʱ򣬱뻹Ǻͻʸ˫һ档
ʼҲǱʾ⣬⼸ȵػصʥѧ֮У˵һ𾪰½Ľң˵ʱƽϢ
Žͷβûκ춯ΪػһԯͷºҲǸõģԱͨ˵ԯͷǾøӿš
̫ķӡѾǽֻҪȵȲҪٷͬĴôӦҲǲ֣ͬȻһκȴ˵ع죬ʲô鶼֪
֮Уû֪ǻԹȥһʱ֮УǷʲô飬Ȼȵգ֮ʣƲʶԭڻԹȥʱ棬Ǿô顣
ȻһǺ£ǲᡣ
ƺͷХ뿪ľ벢û̫Զǵõȵͨ뿪̫֮żܹжϾλǿڣɲΪԼܹǡ
ҹɫ𽥽٣֮䶼Ǵһʵĺڰ֮УΨв֮еĵâɢ΢Ĺâ
ƺͷХվһƬɽµıϣҹشõ÷һͷɫͷȴƮȥƮݳԱߵǷХƱСĬĬصš
ôХͻȻ̧ͷʵڻʸ˫УڷƣܶʱŸ飬ֻ޷
ģѾǸ״ˣӦûֵģȵĵλ˭ҡͷһЦʾХƲҪҵġ
׿ڵѾǳɹͻƵ˴۾ҲǺܻῪġҲ΢΢һĨ΢Ц
Ҫ֪ʸ˫ԼδͻƵۣȴХƶǳɹؽ統С
Ӧǻܸ˵ġХԣҲǸһԺɫ
ŷХҹ֮ȴ˰ʱ֮ԶǴ΢Ϥ·Ʊ΢΢̧ͷ˫ųâҹ֮еҹһ㣬ǻʸ˫Ϣ
÷˵ХƶʱҲɫ΢䣬¶һɫȻƬ֮ںڰ֮бǳһɫâֵӰѸٵƿն
͸ʵҹɫХƿԺؿǺȻǻʸ˫
ܿ죬ʸ˫ǳڷƵ˵ǰһķ糾ģȻǸ˲·̣ƿģҲЦŵôŪǱģ̫ǺԶ
ǲԶΪƿһЩ˵ߣܵ˵ֶΣ˲·̲ʸ˫Ҳᴭһ˫֮п˷Хƣ¶һĸԵЦݡ
ôȵЩ˶㻹ôеļôԱҲüͷʵе㲻Ѱ˰˵Իʸ˫ݵλô˼
ڵδȽˣʱ޿ųλϵǿעңԷٴγʲô⡣ʸ˫ҲҡͷЦݵλͬҲǸ˲ٵĿա
ô˵̲סƿʧЦǺ»ǻ£ȻǳΪȵһνˣҲʧȥɣδزǵòʧ
ˣЩ¾Ͳ˵ˣѾŪĵһХڵа취ˡʸ˫ͻȻʲôҲһĨЦݡ
󣬻ʸ˫ӻͳһöȵĵȵڶǿ֪»ᱻΪĵΨÿһ˽˺̫ϳϲʸµĶֻǾ޸ĵİ汾ѣ
ûʸ˫оǣƺͷХƴʱ¶˻ĵЦݣХҡҡͼЦڡǲҪˡ
ʸ˫ɫʱ;Ϊʱ̫ˣʱҲһ԰ס
ʲôءƹһЦʱ˻ʸ˫ɫ֪룬ֱӵصĶӲҪ˵ΪڵѾˣһسΪ˴۾ǿߣ㶼δͻƵľ磬ˡ
ŷ˵Ļʸ˫ʱһ£š


2480 
ХƾȻͻƵ˴۾
ڵԹγɵѾõ˽
ʸ˫ɫʱٴη˱仯ܿǳſϲ˷ХƵϣֱʱǷˣʱվǰķХƴϢϾѾźܴı仯
ķХƣΪڵԹ֣˿ȥǼΪر䣬ʱ򣬶Īظܵһֺ⣬ȴǲͬˡ
ķХȫȻûǵļµĺ⣬һоůХϵЦݣէȻȥҲûʸ˫İ١
ô£ǾȻͽ⣿ʸ˫Ҳ¶ɻɫǰ˵ȴĵ֮⣬ûκΰ취ܹ
ȻһηХƲǽڵǽ۾磬⾿ôģ
һп»ù鹦ȵǼϲϮҲ̾˿Ҳǰһһʮظ˻ʸ˫ǹһǼϲ߻飬һҲǷǵ顣
˷ƵĽ֮󣬻ʸ˫Ҳ˽⵽龰ǶôգƵĵزХȷ֮Ǵײ֮УΪȷƵľٶ
һУջʸ˫Ҳֻ仰
Щ̫ϳϣһһûʸ˫ԣʱҲҧԹһΪ׵һϵȻҲû̫ĽӴ
ôҲǵôʧЦٿʸ˫¶ɫ
ûû
ֵǣʸ˫ʱһӾǺҲذ˰֣ɫ΢еεģ
ȻģƺͷХƶһۣо֣оǷʲô飬Ļʸ˫ôɫ仯
˵ɣɫˡҡҡͷʾʸ˫ü
԰ʲô¾˵ǽˣú棬ӱǹöˡХҲǺǺһЦ仰ȷǲ٣ͨǰҲʲô˵ʲô
ʸ˫ĬƬ̣ջ̾˿ΪεصЩ̫ϳϣҪҺһλ֮ӶĹϵ

ͫ׶ʱЦǣˣԼŮΪ룿ȵ̫ϳҲ̫Ҫ˰ɣбԼȥ
ȺҪĻ쵰ХƵɫʱҲɲһ¡
㲻ڶһμ̳ôôҪȭͷ΢΢սһεŭ
Ҫ֪ȳ֮ǰܶʱ򣬱˵Ǽ̳ˣǵεȹҲһп޵ĽɫȨˣĻ󡣡ʸ˫ʼһĨ֮ɫ
飬ǲ֪ȥֻһֱȴŶѡ
Է˭ˣҲͻȻʵˣԼҪȥһ壬ݷһ죬ôҲǶлһϴε֧Ԯ
Ȼûжãȴ÷ƿ϶ڱŬǲǿ߳֡
һ̫ϳϵĶӣ˵Ĵڡʸ˫üͷƬ̣ǰԼ֪˵
ģôԡսȭͷҲŭҲͷҪ취ֹһЦǣʸ˫ԼŮˣӶôˣ˵
һʱ֮䣬ƻ벻ʲô취ܹ˵Ǵ壬ľͷʵ˵̫һ㣬Ǻ档
ÿһζҺ÷еһϵԼŮˣȥұ˰æԵе㲻ˡ
ûȷʲôʱ䣿Ҳ̧ͷ׷ʵʱʵĻҲòȥԲŻʸ˫
ûУ⻹̸֮Сʸ˫ҡҡͷҲǰһ۷ƣʲôʲô£
һ仰ǲ÷ץ񡭡ʸ˫˵ҲûдڷƺʲôϵûУˣҲûаϵȻһӡ
ɫʱͺһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôʸ˫Ҳһ˵նȻùŹ
ʱԱߵķХƿһĻҲ͵ЦܿסЦ⣬ɫҾʵڲУǾ˳棬ֹһ


2481 
ƺͻʸ˫ǳĬҲ֪ΣһζҪֹʸ˫Ȼһ˿ȥôʣϾʵ濴е㲻ͣĺĲ˵ûκ
Ȳú棬ȥһˣܵĻһȥһ塣ƳĬƬ̣Ҳǵص
УڳĻһ˷֣»һЩ˵Ĳ֮ġХƵ¾ҡͷҪȰ裬Ͼһ뿪ʱ򣬿Ƿ¹ԣֻҪҳ½Ȼɱ⣬˵֮ˡ
¸ûϵҪ档ʸ˫ԣʱҲüͷߵȻ˵ĻǲϣٴΪȥգڵķһʲô⣬۶廹Ƕ˵һ޷صʧ
Цһۻʸ˫ҡҡͷҵŮˣֲȾָ
쵰˭Ůˣ㻹ҪҪʸ˫ӺβҲǶŽź޺޵صǷХڴ˵أ̲סҪˡ
Ӷ㻹ɶ˵ġҲѵõˣһåƤ㹻غ
㡭åʸ˫߲ѣҲֻǶŶѣХԱЦ˵̬Ҳο˼֣ڻʸ˫ͷƵ£ҲǶ˲٣֪ڴ֮ǰ˼֮Уȴǹʹط˹ϵԼⲻòǸ̾޳
ǵеˣƾһǸϼһ˵ļ仰ͲȥĻδҲ̫Сˣɻûһ仰һ塣Ƭ֮Ҳƽص
ȷ仰ǻͨߺԯͷЩ˵Ļƻǲûʲô˼һƿɲôɵ
ɡĲʲôôХƽüͷһЩǣǸνȻûȥŹ٣Ǹطǿ߿ǱȰ½ĵط
ʸ˫û˵ҲǺܸӣȷǲҲ˷գΣԵĻȥ档
ţֻҪĻƶ𶼲ӲܣֻҪǴӦĻҲǲκ֡
û£ȥһҲҲ˳һˡҡҡͷӵؼᶨеͷΪ˽ʸ˫⣬λһҪ飬ǾǼһ졣
ݣһֱоͦصģƶԷĵλͨ죬˽⵽һЩ飬δⲻһ¡
ңɶ⣬ϣͨȥѰҳ𰸣ɶȻʧȥ˼䣬ǿߣʧˣҲǱȻºպֻҪϸһѯ¾ǿԵ֪
ˣᵽ֮ûд̽һЩɶϢ뵽ʱҲתͷŻʸ˫Ϊȷֿ֮ǰƾͰѹʸ˫ܲҵһ˿˿
ʸ˫һ£ǵҲ˵ûУҲȷ
˵ƶʱǰһܹѰҵɶݵ˿Ҳһ£Ͼܲһɶļ䣬ǿûʲô֮ġ
£еġʸ˫Ҳɫ磬һ֯ҲǽӴΪɡ
ɣ֯ƶʱˣɵ֯һֱûǣ෴Ҳӡ󣬵Ž֣֯ĵǳ˿ͷʵҴѾãû֪ǵĿΪΡ
ûص֯˽⵽һֱѰĳˣǸ˺пܾɶʸ˫ɫӵصҲǲΪ֯ԣûа취˽ֻ̫֪࣬ںܾ֮ǰȺ֯ĴʼŹѪޡ
ԣƶʱǾʹԼܹ²õɶݲ򵥣ȴû뵽ͷȻô󣬻ص֯йϵ
ţһҿܲȥһ¡ƳĬƬ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷǿΪһ
ɶĪ֯ĳˣɵĴʼˣ
ͷڷƵһһû֤ݣֻܷΨеȵԼܹ¶ۡ
ХƣȻȥ˵һ¼ɣҪȥһ硣ҲʾХƺС뿪ǴŻʸ˫һ׼ĵһν統С


2482 ٷ
ΪҪĻƱؾҪ̫Ȼʱ̫ôȵǿߣҪعȥеѶȡ
Żʸ˫Ҳ뵽˽ʸ˫İܹ˳̫ͨӶС
ιڻû˵㵽ʲô취ȥʸ˫ҲüͷȻǲ֪ôǺãǷȴһгģ
ȵģû𾳵ϲġƫͷһ£ǰ̫ҲǽŲ˼˵ƺȴڣЩҲν
֮УҲǷŵȣŰգԼıϢһЩֶԼòǸı䣬ֻҪǺǵȿֲĴڣͲǱͨҲ޷͸
ʸ˫ԣһ£ӦûУΨԲϼһڰбңղҲǰ˦
ͺðˡ΢΢ص˵ͷֻԲϼһǵҲ̫ļɵΪĴڻ޷˵ˡ
㻹û˵ô죿ʸ˫üͷǰ̫ˣѾԼؿ̫һЩλˡ
ܼ򵥰ȰĳһｻңȻֱӽȥˣĵǱһ˵Ӧòʲôܹң˵ˣıⲻǻô΢΢ƫͷһ˿ںص
򵥣ʸ˫ɵؿһ۷ƣô򵥵Ķܹȥ
ҪΪжѣֻҪûЩ𾳵ϲڣͼûܹʲô취ҡҡͷ˵仰ʱҲ㹻ġ
ȷڵķƣȻɲҪ׵նɱҲǲܵ顣
ãȻô˵ˣͿŰɣ˸ҰëǮϵûСʸ˫ҲǰһۣǶһƸơ
ţҵƣһǿ߼ң˵ҵȣǲʲôֹġʸ˫Ҳǵص
ٺ٣Ҫľ⡣ЦŵץУŵ㡣
ߣΪ֮ɡʸ˫ص˵ٶȱǶȻؼӿ죬ҲѸٵʧڷƵǰ̫С
ŮİѲ¡
ƿŻʸ˫ȥıӰʱҲصû̸ϣȻԱ֮ڵȴƬ֮ϵһ󲨶Ϣ֮ϣòǵõ˲ٵĸı䣬ǰû˿Ĺϵ
ڵķƿȥһĺӣһͷ޷ıİɫͷ룬ҲһڽԼͷ
Щ仯֮󣬷Ʋٴĵؽ̫֮ڣڵΪҪһЩѲߵܹġ
ںҹУƾһһ㣬˶ȻϢشԽ˴ûֵܹǵ󣬾ȻҲûб֡
һ֮࣬Ҳǰ͵ЦȵЩ̫иˣȻԼ͹ˡ
ʵⲻܹȵˣϾ̫ҪԤľħıٴηﻹõ̥ȻһεطأǵƤ
̫֮󣬾뵽绹һξ룬·Ҳûκεس·ϣ쵽塣
̫֮ڣ³ֵĻʸ˫ò˶һҹʧʵ˷ѽ⣬Ҳû˸ȥѯʣʸ˫ڷƳɹ뿪̫֮Ҳ΢΢
һеŵ
ʸ˫ĬĬصͬʱҲǱøޱȣڶǲ֪δ֮ĹϵŮˣһǣɷХƵĴǲܸıʵ
һԵɡ
գʸ˫Ҳҡҡͷε̾Ϣһ쳾ΪĥˡնңԾʱ֤һС
ʱʥѧХƷأȴȥϢú˵֪ˣҲһ󷴶ԡ
һһῴס͵ܡɶҡҡͷεصƵӾס²Ƕãֵܵȥˡ
粻Ȱ½ͷ·һͻǳӰһ£Ҳ΢ǵص
ɶ̣㲻ܹ˵Ѱȥˣĸ׸һ˵ҪȥˡХʼ


2483 ų
ҵݣ
һ£ɶΪ֮ȣҲǳĬڹȥû˿ļ䣬ǷȴִŵΪѰҵйļ䡣
ǵģĸ˵һЩ¼ѰҳһЩݵֻǸ֯ͷȽϴ󣬶һЩԹҲǲȥԸ׾ҲһȥˡХʼΪεص
ͷȽϴģԱ߾ɲصؼǵã뿪ʱټ統УΨֻȺͷţ޷֮磬ĪԼ뿪֮ǳ½
˵ҲǱȽϺǸ֯ɶġХҲӺԵ
ɣû˵ƶһۣҡҡͷǶֻ֯û˵Ψ̵ɫȴ΢
ȻɣѲɶǸ֯ʲôϵôҲǽüͷ֯ȴ֪ͬʱҲǷǳ֯˿ЩڣʮֵأԳ֮󣬸û˿֪ǵܲںδΨһ㲻ǣܹΪɵһԱǼΪǿĴڣ
ɡɶ¶һãɫŬԼǾ֮йǰһм䣬ûĿܡ
ˣ벻ͲҪǿһ˰ɡƶƬ֮Ҳǻص壬ǷƱȺϲĿ£ôĻŶٶ
ҲУҲ뿴Ǹˡʼʾû˵ǸˣȻǺš
ƶ˵ͷҲɨһˣգһ˰ɡ
˵ͷûʲôںѾͷڵҪߣ˭Ҳסܹס˲֡
ǾôˣСӻĲģһ塭ƶҲ̾Ѹٵظ֮С
ʱѾ𽥵ؽӽ磬岻ϵţǻ»ʱоεѹһ㣬һЩʹࡣ
ڴʱķ˵ЩСҲ첻κ谭ܣһ㵭ؾɫâγɣһа㣬иռ䣬ܿռ׵ʧ
ûκε谭״̬֮£˲֪ãڶȻǰһһĻͬԴľɫԼǰģ֪ԼĿĵѾˡ
磡
һν磬ƲƲ죬ûиеκβʣɵԼһ̤ʱòȥһɽĵطϧβ֪ûʱ䣬ĻԼȻǻҪȥһˡ
ȥһӦҲüûв´Ļ˵ǿѰҵõĵӣӶҪǰҴȥ졣ҲһԴΪ֪ܲںδҪäĿѰҵĻ»ǵûѲʱ䡣
ɽֵĵطӦǻĵӴڣôԼһˣҲֵõġ
뷨ҲѸٵذռ֮е·ߣֱӵصͷɽڵķһ·ϣƵòǴԽ̫ʱòûлָԭȵòΪ֪ȵطʵòĻ»鷳ǡƿ±µˡ
һγʱķ֮󣬷ٶǿǰʵɹ⣬ǵȾɽ
ɽ˵֮е˹֮أ漣ĵطÿ춼Ųϵ漣𽥿ʱǸо˲ϢʱɨӶҪһ̽ʵ
ƲǸıòһϢǰܹǿװɽɹ֮棬һųǣһηѡ˽˹ųǡ
ڽųǵһ˲䣬Ѿǲڵʮβע⵽Щ˶û˿ķ֣ҲֻգĹųǵУĿĵţĽֵϵÿһ˶Ǿװģ˭׵¶Լʵò
ô죿ҲʧˣܲǴ˰ɣһҲ磬˽Ⲣ࣬ųǣֻ֪ųÿһ˶ʧ˵һòƽ·ˣҲҡһ䣬ɷĳų֮ġ


2484 
ڷƣҵ֮ʱǰȴǴһЩõΪ⣬ų棬Ȼʲô˸Ҵ򶷣
£ҲȤҲֱӵΧ˹ȥȻڴ򶷵طʱȴǷһϤӰӦ˵ϤķΣ
ɣ
Լڴ˵ؾȻǿ֯ˣʱƱǸоǰһȻôɣ֯ˣҲһϾ֯ˣпɶźܴĹϵ
ٺ٣ҵľ㣬鷳
кٺһЦκɫҲûκ쳣Ĳһ㣬ΧԱ¶һϷɫ
ֱʱҶͨԱЩ˵ĶԻ˽õԭڵϳƵˣһʲ꣬ҾŻɽһЩϡĶû뵽ȴ֯׷ɱ
Щ£֯Ͳܻ·ôҲΪ飬֯һǿҲֶͬҪǿԼ齻ȥ
ٸһλᣬɣ
ӵߣһĮȻؿ·˵ˣû˿ظ鲨һһ㡣
㲻ɱң
෴ڵϵϴ˲ˣȻòƽһΪȴѾǰ벽ˣ֮䣬Ҳǲˣǰ֯˵̫ˡ
£ûɲɱˣ
͵һ̤ϣΪƱϯõΧĲ˶ǶʱΪ֮ɫ䣬ƶüͷߵˮƽӦλľ硣
ɻеͣҳһĴڡҲҡҡͷ˵˵Ҳеϧ˭֯ûз
һ۾ܹ˻ͬؾװݣӦĳҵӵܶѣ磬ĸǿԿ֯ģ
ˣ
Ȼʱ˵ĵϵˣȴǶȻ˺ԼòȻӻͳһǳ֣õܵĿռ䵴ЩȻǷƷ
̫ϯӣɣҲɱң
ֱʱ¶ԼݣȻĵӣ
ƶʱϲˣֱȱʲôʲô¿ɺˣ֯˶ǳˣĵӶǳˣĿǸʲô̫ͷͦţƵһ
Ȼ̤Ьٴȫѹ򣬷ﶼֿˡ
ʲôȻ̫ϹֵϯӣѹֵɶԻ
˵̫ϹѾˣҪ֪Լĵӱ׷ɱǵȻƢٺ١кϷˡ
Ȼһֻ̫ĶٴһԵĴڣΧĲ˶ɫ΢䣬ʼȻҷҲǷ֣̫֮֯ȻҲɫ˱仯
ɵ
ûƿľһּɵ֯ߵϣһּɵɫ
Լʦͷ֮˵ȻҲһֱ׷ɱ˵֯ߣҲǲɵһĨЦ
Ȼ׷ɱԼǿԼʲô֯ģȻص֮󣬱ضʦֻһ
ȻȴԱ߰ҡҡͷûʱܹڹؼʱ̱Լͷ֮󣬶ٻúܶ˼ɵǻȻ
ƺС֯
Ȼûв²Ƭ֮֯ɫƽٶ̧еĽңңָˣһȴɱ޾
㡭
˶ˣû뵽Լʦ֮󣬾Ȼɱ֮ôܣԼʦֲѵһֻ㹻ô
֯˻ڹ컯֮£ô˵ǰԼĵӸնɱˣ
̫ҲλѣҲֻñ΢ɵһ£δԼʦ𿴵̫ˡ
ӭȴ֯ôһ䵭Ļ
УлŵĻᣬȻĵӣôҲûбҪȥˣһʹ졣
֯ߵ䣬õг׵Ҫ
֯еĳȻ˸һĨâҪһ㣬ֱ˶ȥȻʱ򣬷ƿ϶ǲ۲Ҿ緢


2485 
еĽâֵһ˲䣬ƾͶˡ
ڳûܹôƶֵףλһκε
ǷƵĿ֮ߵΪֻλˮƽҪƴĻδػѷɫڶԷ
ˣ
еĳڼ䵽һͷ֮ʣȴǱһ֪δľɫâסˡ
һĻʱ䶨һ㣬һ˶ΪԼǱˣȴǷߵеĳȴǾһָͷľ֮ʣȴӲرһɫâ赲סˣ
ɫʱ䣬û뵽ȻĻĳ֣ҲǶȻŭһһͷɫ㷢޷ԶеĳŷЩ貵âҪһ㡣
ʱԱߵҲǾˣⱾ֮֯ĶѹǲҲ֣ʱȻ˸վڳ֣ô˵һ£ߺпܾˣ
һ뵽ܣΧʱǿֵ߳Ļô֯߿¾͵ŶԷһˣǿǻ۽ˡ
еĳâ֮ʣռҲǻŤţһЩֵĲΧ˶ס˺˭һεս
Ƭ֮һӰԿռ֮ʾֵעǣһͷɫͷΪע⣬ҹǣĲ˿߲֯ȥ
˭ôûŹ
֪ĪһЩϹ
пܡ¿кϷˡ
£ܱȰǴ˸ȻͻȻֵȻǷˣȴ֮⣬˭ָԤս֮
㵽˭ֱ֯ҪԼĳƾɫâԼִƵĳţ뺣һ㣬û˿ķӦ
£ҲǾޱȣǰ˾ǲԼ
²£ƵȻû˵ԼݣҲûмװԼˣ¶һصЦݣ˸ǲ²ⲻݡ
ǰңس꣡
£ڷҲ֪ԼˣȻصǿ߳ԼҲǼ֣ܱ֯ߵºð
ߣװŪļһˣ
֯һҲǻسԼĳ֪ĳ޷һٴǰֻ֣ǵȴһεĽ
ҿû˵Լˡʼ¶˹ŹֵЦݣ֯ߵұˡ
ôһ˵ΧĲ˶һ˵˭ʲôͷȻ֮ȻҶ֯ô˵Ҫ֪֯˿ͷĳЩ˵ǸӲԸ֯Ϊǽ޾鷳
һ֯ǻץһɱ㣬еڶΣΡ֪ܹɱΪֹ
ô
ϵǣ߲֯ûвȻŭصΪѾǴӷƵϲһЩѰζ˼Էô˵±ȻԼİա
˵ݵ˭
ô⣬ֲǵһ֯ˡʼ¶һ˿ֱ̬ȻٴԱߵˡ
Ҫ֪ӹŽɵ˲٣Щͨ³ǲõȥƴʱȴô˵˵ͷΪô
ŷô˵֯ҲǽüͷԼʵǿ͸ʱķƣһʱ֮Ҳ˶ҡ֪ԼȻǲܾˣĻ֯ͻܵӰ죬ƾ˵һ仰뿪ɲ֯ķ
㲻ԸˣüͷϵϢ仯΢΢˼һ£Ҳ֪Ĳ²⣬϶Ͳʹ˸ȥ
Ҳÿûôˣ֯Ҳһܾôŷƴˣⲻ֯µİ취ֻ֯˲ſ԰Ե
ŶҪΣüͷ˵Ҫ֣Ǽǲܵ£һǿߣô֯ߵ뷨뷨ա
ʮвܣҵȥ
֯ߵص֮һְ˵ţԼʮ֮ڣ޷ܷƣô֤ҲȷǷƵĶ֡
ʮУңôĿǾɡƹһЦҲ쿪˫֣ʾҵҲ뿴֯׻ʲôͣ


2486 ʮб
λ׼ֵļƣܵ˶ʱҲǺԾóλãϾλĴڽ֣ƽɺѵл
Ȼ֪ƴʱǴ۵ľ磬֪кθ롣
һУ
ߵĮȻػڷƵĶߣ±Ƿ˹ƣνȳ֣һƬʵĽâʱһ㣬ǵ͵Ľƣ˴
΢΢̧ͷҲΪֲ죬ܹΪ֯ߣȷŹ֮Ҳ˿д˶ֱӵر
˿ռ䷨ܹʹóı죬Լǧ֮УǼС
Ľƣ¾ǲϵ£ԽƵ壬ȴûκΰ취ܹ˺ȫʿɵ˺
Щڴ͸˷õ֮ڵϣȴ˾ըõΧ˶ǲܲɫΪ졣
ⲻ߲ǿǷ̫ˣȻǾضܹе˺ҾЩ˺ȥ˿زһ޷ư֣
ԼһбԷܶȻߵҲ¶Щ𺳵ɫȴû̫࣬ȻԷܷʽе㳬ϣȷϵС
ڶУ
ŭһеĳϵţͷżΪ貵Ĺâʱеĳ˲֮еһҫۣ˼޷˫ۡ
䣡
һ죬һΪµĹӦǽâӲ֮кݺݵ£Ҫһ㣡
һȻƣɫҲ΢䣬ȭͷգ˵ʵѪҺҲһӷһ㣬ŭһע֮£Ȼȵƿն
ʲôҪʲô
ȻҪӲһâ
ģǲ˼飡
һâƾƾ֪˵ˣ˵ǵӲȻȴˣ˿£
һĻ̲ס룬ƵҪжǿģȻҪһУ
ܿ죬н
Ծ˰գһһʵľɫâǷƿԵѹԼڵǴ֮ʹõĻƻᱻʶ
ˣҲ㹻ˡ
ƵȭͷɫâһâµʱӲسԼ֮оȻХ֮
䣡
˫һεط˶һĺ䶯ǱΪ𺳣
֮У貵ĹâһƬųǣǲٹųǵԶţֲֿܹܵ˹
ڹų֮еߣ˫۲ǿҵĹâǿұը֮УԼЩХ֮иΪȻ
þùƽϢȻ֮һƬ貵ǿҹâõ˼۾
֪Ƭ֮ȹâ𽥵ɢˣʱҲע⵽ˣƴʱ״̬Ҳ΢ǱһǱеã˫۶ǸֳЩѪۣȻڸղǵӲ֮³һЩơ
һߵҲòȥЩѪ˳ųĽ£ͬҲǴŴһ˼ŷơ
ôŵڶУѵûʩչô
ʱ򣬷һ£ΪԵʣ˿õԼڻʲô˳֣һŹֵɫߣڳЦһ㡣
ŲǵڶУ֯ߵģ»Ǳ״̬𾪵ˡ
߳ĬƬ̣ǻ̧ͷ΢ȻˣǸղʮеĻջأֻҪ㻹ܹҵĵУҾͻȥ
仰һɫ΢䣬ߵ̬仯ƺлеʲô֮
ƲκдȻԷһλϾϳԽԼ֯ģ֪᲻ʲôΪµĺ֣һŲôԼɾ͵ùˣǻ˸صĴۣ
£ƽüͷԼȫתעǰߣͻȻ֡
෴ʱų֮еĲ˵ĶԻǺԾһξ룬ЦǿɲǻжԶͱܵĶԶ
ǿߵĽ֣˰һСմȾǸ֧Ų˶ãȻҪȴȲǵΪҪ


2487 Ӳ
£е۵˼㣬û˸ǿֵ߽룬ܿеǰѳȴȻش֮𽥵ǰ
ϵţ𽥵һų貵âһ貵Ĺâȴǲû̫ҫۣҲСӡ
߻ر˫ƣȴǲûס˽Ƿ˽֮ϣ
Ҫʲô
⾪˵һĻ˶ʧؾһҪʲôüͷ壬Լһֲõͷ
Ѫѽ飡
£ҲһЩƺϳŵɫȻؾޱȣƲ׽ˣɫҲ΢䣬飿
ţںңԶĹȥһޣ޵ĲǿĽҲǿµĽǽ飡ÿϵĽǵСͿʼϵԼѪȥԴó֮еѡ
ַΣ˵֪һȷǣһ˳֮еĽ飬ǵֱ쳣ֲż֮϶Ųټصġ
£ǾȻǻطƵɫҲǱý࣬˫ȻᶯӡҲǿʼȻһصʼϵƬ֮֮ѾǲЩصķģȻ֮˵ƶǿʼ˷ı
çİ壡
ƵͳŭһȻ֮£˶ǲ˷츲صı仯
ԭһװ˵ߣȻֱӵٴαþ޴ڲϵشžĹͷķĲϵ˸貵âƼǸоκεʹ
ֻǲڣһǿ޷ڱڣ˾װˮ˵ˮͰǵҪڶ
ͣ
һϸ΢죬ڷƵıȻظֳ͵ľɫâһ֮䣬һ˫޴ľɫڲϵţʱƵϢҲ۷塭
̬ķƣһλɫúأ޷֪̽棬ԼһִǾڷƵڣƺһɼΪǿǿ޷ĵز
Ȼ߲²ԼĴҲΪƴʱֳ״̬ѾִҲߣ֪ʵѹ֮£ԼеʲôֶεĻ¾ǻرԷѹ壡
߾
ŭһɫȻرó죬Ŀ֮¾Ȼһס˽֮󣬲ǵȷĽƻʺѪҺϵʶ
ָ֮䲻ϵʳѪЩѪ˽֮УǰһѳȻҲǹؿʼ˲Ѫ𽥵һѽǱʺ
˾˵һĻȷŻ˲ˣųıɫߵϢҲʱ©һ㣬ͬɫ˲رò԰ޱȣǺʧ˹һ㡣
ʱǰһѳȴǲϵɢĺɫâǿһۣܹ˵ѣ
ȥɣ
߿ԼеĳҲ΢΢һĨЦȫȻԼƵƣ˫ָʮֱӵָ˷ƣ
ˣ
Ǽ䣬֮˲ÿⷽԲȻԼرѳһ㣬Ƭ̣һѪɫâһػ˿ռ䣬Ѹرƣ
Ѫɫ֮ռ䶼ֱӵسһɫѺۣϢ͹ᴩ˳գҪֱӵ䴩Ƶһ㣡
ƵһغһɫޱأʱһϱѾһѼ򵥵ĳһ飡
Եһ𳤽飬ӵϵĿƱ˫ᣬϵ˸ţһ̣Ʊ۳һ΢ľɫâ
Լ֮һò˾żǴ֮ΪԷʩչǿĵƣΪһĴڣҲΨоżǴܹ֮⣡
£նʱܲʱʱâ˸һƬضǱޱȵѹ֣Ȼֻһ˲飬ڷȫۺ֮һѸһ㼱ǰĺɫâѾǴһĺɫռѺۣǰ
ˣ
һϸ΢죬˵ʱ˵ʱ죬ƵľɫǴ֮Ȼػһڶݺݵһɫâײһ𣬵²û޴죬Ҳûзֲ


2488 鷳
һĻޱȵع죬ڰ֮Уһźɫһžɫڻؽţ߿ʼϵػŶԷһּžĹ״̬
ƽضԼһżǴ֮ǲȫӳʵֻѹһǴ֮ΪҲǲ޼ɵʹԼżǴ֮һˣǾûˡ
ֻǷƶһֵľżǴ֮ȴҲ㹻𺳵龰
ͬס˺һĻעŲ֮еĺɫâı񽣣ӡȻǿԺزʱ
𽥵أߵüͷʼ壬ΪԼ֮еȻǱʼɣһһ㷴ûУԷʹõǵȾɫȴ֪ΪޱȰԵĸо
ڳţų֮е˶סΧۣһĻ˵ֱǴ۽磬Ҳ֪ȻǲĿ´ڡ
Ƭ֮ջǵ̾һʱ֮ûзֳʤѾ֪ټȥƬ֮󣬰ܵľͽ
ƺΪ֤ߵһ̾Ϣһ㣬Ƭ֮󣬲֮еľɫâʼ𽥵سѹԵľ棬ǵѪɫâʼ𽥵ر
ڴܵӰĻߣƺ˵״̬ܵӰ죬΢΢Ƴһ۶ԷҲǴŵز²˼֡
ҲҡҡͷƽԼȻط˱û˲״̬֮½һӡȻͬʱڲ֮еľɫâУһƼΪ΢ľɫâֱӵرֻһŴʱ޹ѪɫâС
һĻı仯ûκ˵ĹעһλûвƵС²Ƭ̣֮еǷֳһʤ
䣡
һ죬ض˺һ˲䣬ɫâڿų貵âõ˶ǽر˫Ψڰ֮䣬Լؿһľھɫâرڡ
ˣ
߾Ȼǰˣ
þù貵ľɫâʼҲæ˫ۣպȴǿһʧȥ˹ĳڰ֮е£ߵǰ
ͬʱǲ԰ֽɫȻظһĨ죬˶ǿһѪش˫ȥԼĳǱĮȻɫȴǳһʹ
˵ѽ
غһֽûаΪĻôڵڿˡ֯Щ˵·һлᣬǲŹԼġ
˵ƻǾԼеϾҪֻǶ˶֡
ˡ͵̤ǰһޱؿߵ
߳ĬƬ֮󣬵ֳѾʧȥκιĳҡεվעŷƣҰˣһᰴ˵õģ뿪
ô˵ҲһԷôͺˣ¶Էô͵õˡ

ͣһ£Ҳɭɭصû˿ԴɵģȻǴңǽӣ㽫ܵ޾׷ɱֱһ̣
˵һ仰֮Ҳǲ̵ܷɫֱӵرתˣ뿪֮ʣƵƶȻرȴӲ
ôҶ֣ν߲˷ƵƱ仯ͷҲصص
ǿԼ侲ߵıӰüҲҪΪУ֮Ҳò̫ˣȻҪ֯Ϊһسô
˵ʵղ˵һʱ򣬷еɱʱѹֲסˣӲѹ볹׵غɷҲܲ˵⻰ǵ̬Ҫвһ㡣
ܲ˵ľǱв
֯Ĺأɱңȴκεظı䣡
÷Ƴϵǣûκεصӣ˵ȹԼ£㵭Įתŷƣ֮һĨгʣҲǲܷô룬뿪ˡ
ҲûٴΪ֪ûõģԼһοѾ׵ظ֯˹ϵһ˦Ĺϵ
˭ǡɣҲΪҺ۸ëңһȥܲѣҲк޺޵ص


2489 ̫
ڿߵתȥһƣղҲԼֽţ֪֮УѾߵѾһΪصӡǣӡԼҲ޷
ֻҪӡǵĴڣôƾͿʱܹѰҵĴڣ²Ѱ֯ûᣬ˷Ҳû̶֡
ȥ֮󣬹ųҲ𽥵ش֮лָʵ̫ˣ֯߾Ȼˣ
ɣص֯ڶҲһǳµĴڣܹΪ֯ˣһǿ󵽼ˣȴǰˡ
һʱ֮䣬ҲŲ˶ŷƵݸеʮֺ棬ҲŲ˲²ŷƾǿߣĻƽ޹ǲġ
ҲǲѯʣֻԶԶعۿŷƣ·һͷͿǵ
лǰ֮ʵǲ֪θл
ʱǰĵӿ֮֯߱ҲڵһҲǲҶŷκεص
Ƶת´ǰӣҲǲ˵ȴھ̾ȻΪĵӣ;Ϊ壬ȼǾˡ
ĵӿƲ˵ֱֻԼҲе㷢ëûʲôģϾԼǶԷģܲҪԼְɡ
ң˵ΪأӦòԼ֮ڵǰ˵ԼʦʲôԨԴҲ˵²²ⲻ͸ƵݣҲֲֻ²⡣
ĵӣ
ƾþ֮󣬲һֿ˵ݲ˼¶ȻƾղԼһçİ壬Ǳڴ˵أҲܹƶϳݡ
ǵģʦ̫֪ǰʦкԨԴ˵Ҳ˵ǰĴ
Էǿߣû˿ĲпܾԼʦһ֣ȴڿɲܹġ
ʦûκԨԴҲö²ˡƵصͷһתȻҲǲ²⵽ʱ룬ΪԼʦʲô̫ŹϵŻǳ־
뵽һ㣬Ҳǲ̾ڵ˶ôôȻŵƾһЩϵҲǲϧɶֶʵǿЦ
ĵӶʱĿɿڴ¿¶ˣĲ²źܴĲడȻԼʦûκιϵԷǾԼֱ顣
ʲô֣ƺûпɫ仯һ㣬Ҳֱӵʵ
Ϊ졣
ĵҲǳһ£ջǻشˣȻ֪ƾΪԵ޹ʵؾҲɣ֪ԷҪʲôǰ֮£ܵرֳĬ
˵ɣҾ㣬óʲôңƷ˷ֵ̣е֣Ҳֱӵʼʵǵ̬ﻹ˵ģֱһåһҪôå
Ƶɫ仯õһǰķƣ΢΢س鴤һﵽʲôˣôƤˣǾˣתͷֱҪô⡭
ʱҲǲ²ⲻ͸ƺ«ʲôҩˣһʱ֮Ҳǲ֪Ǹλش
ιι㲻浽һƽ޹ʵؾɣ
ƿĬɫʱǿ浽ֵزô
⡭ǰΪҼʦԵˡۡʱҲһ亹䣬û뵽ȻǻϷԵط龰
˵ô죿Ϊ㣬֯ˡ̯˫֣һƵض졣
ƵţҲһΣԷ˵ûô˵ԷҲΪԼ֯ʵǲóʾ˵Ҳ˵ȥ
ɫһĨɣҲǴӻͳһ˸ɫıݹȥ˷ƣɽڵõһʯԼҲǲ֪ʲôЧ֯߿ˣ׷ɱңȻǾңҲⶫ㣬Ǿˣ
˵⻰ʱȻе㣬һֱʯ棬ȻҲǿƳһһʯΪ죬Ȼһʱ֮Ҳǿ͸ʯ
ʯɲĿġ
ʯҪҲûáҡҡͷĬһ£ǿȻˣôһҪֻҪӦңȻǵǻر


2490 򵥵ټ򵥵Ҫ
ʲôҪ󣿡
÷ô˵첻ûз¶һֽɫŷƣ޴Ҳǲ²õƵĿƺǵؾԼѣȻͼ
ܼ򵥵һ£ͷɡʼ򣬲ûż˵
καѻ߶岻ҶȥʱǱ̬ˣһҪȻǿԣǿ϶ĳЩǰ֮£ΪҪ
ģҲȥκζ岻顣ưһۣһҲ̫ظ˰ɣԼʲôû˵ͱô߶Ⱦˡ
ķô˵ʱҲһصɫ𽥵ر仺¶˿˿ЦݶŷƹȭǰʲôҪڿֱ˵˰ɣ
Ƶ˵ͷһ۵ܼ򵥣תһǵ졣
Ԥϵ£첢ûֱӵصͷӦ¶һɻɫ˭
ԣҲ΢΢һ£ҲǵĹ
ȻʶǵĹ
Ϊ㵵صɴ˫ۣһֲ˼ŷƣȻڷƵĻŶȴлɡ
򣬽ûйϻֱӵشӻͳһ׼õģӡǣֻҪĴ򿪣ܹô¡
ƾʲô㡣
Ƭ֮ڳĬһ֮Ҳ̧ͷֱŷƣڶŷƵݿżɻһΪǿĴڣ
ȴڣ磬ҲԲĬĬģȴڷҪתĳԼ֮
㲻һɱ㡣
һ̣ƵϢȻرñǵȰϢһ˲ʱ򣬾ϣȫð˲亹
㡭
ڷƵ־ٶʱľǲһΣգŷƵ˵ҪɱԼô»û˿
ٴóͷЦˣƿ֯ǲ£Ǳ˵ˣҿƵӣĹģŲǳĹϵ
ƺûѡ񡣡ƵؿһۣҲҡҡͷİɣҶûκͷȻҲǲʲôͷʶѾãֻҪѶˡ
죬ʵǿЦãһ̫ˣΪԼʲôıͼֻǺܼ򵥵ҪԼһĶѡ
ĬȻǾ֪ǷֵܹţԼһö֮ʲôĻôǻİˡ
þóĬ֮ջ̾һðɣҴӦңʲô֡
ֱʱǲ֪ƵʲôȴҪӦ飬ʵǺܹ졣
շ磬һҲǿתҵûм֮շҲǲͲŶԷܹƾһܹóԼݣЩԼΪϤˡ
˵֮󣬷ֱӵ׳䵽ǰĮȻصҲ˽ƣ֮⣬Ҳܹ򿪣Լǿд򿪻ǽ˵Ļͻ̱ըһȫһĺ
ԣжʱһ£ղеͷ뷨ȴ뿪֮壬ԼʦᣬʱѾǿ뷨
Ƴһۣҡͷɣҵû˳ĵĻ壬Ҳ޷ס㣡
˵仰ʱ򣬷Ƶǿ࣬ʱ춼ȫ̫ǿˡ
Ĭþù󣬲̾ϢһҲΣãҾͰһΣϣ㲻ʧ
ⷬ˼ҲǴӦ˷ƣû취ƾϣæǱҪȻпܻвĵİȫƵģӦǲʲôıͼͬԼһ㣬ֻһͨ
ãպԵ˵һһΡƿͷӦҲǹһЦ֪ԼĴеĿѾǴﵽˣôҲûбҪٶȥ
ǳʱĿ϶ҪȥǾ׷Ѱ֯ߵټ
쿴ŷ˵߾ߵıӰҲǴһĨЦҲֻ̾Ϣһ뿪ط


2491 ɣ̳
ʱһطһ֯ķεӰڼٵǰУȻǴӷ뿪һߡ
ڷһʱ䣬ȫκϢ׷߲֮ͣٶ¡
Ǹһ˭ʲôʱôһǿĴڡ
Ȼͣٶ֮ȻҲƺƲᣬֻһֱѹڣȷȫûб׷֮ɫȻҲǲ԰֣һѪ
Ѫ֮˵Ϣή࣬Ѫ֮ߵɫҲ΢תࡣ
һȷû׷Ѱʱ¶ʲôģתһȥ
ȻȥƬ֮ԭͣĿռ䣬ȴǳ˿˿һģӰȻرƿն֣ȻǷƣ
ڳ֮΢΢ͣһ£ҲЦˣҲ˽һػصԼѰɡ
뿪˹ų֮ȻҲһ·׷򣬷Ѿһ仰Լ֮ɽ
ֻҪĿôԼȻܹ֮
ƣǴ֮ڣ׷Ѱһ¹֯ȻΪߵԲŻôͽؽˡ
ңҲǲƺԼջһλߡƺǱ֯ϳҲ˵ƿһ·׷Ѱȥ
ԵǣԷڻûз֣Ѿֽͨţһֱ
֮£ߵٶǲԿóǾԺܸߣת˴죬Ƶͣٶ¡
һų֮⣬һ۰׷ķƻڳֳǰһƺΪϵĳУĸ֪֮£һߣǽ˴˵أϢû뿪
ѵ֯ϳڴ˵أƲɵǽüͷ
ǰֵųǣӦȹϽΧ֮ڣûʲôһͨĹųǣҲûʲôԵǿϢ
ֹųǣ֮УûϰҲʮȻȻ֯ϳ֮أеɡ
·ϸƬ̣Ҳǽֱӵͨŵļ飬Ӷֱӵؽ˹ų֮УĹųǵУһֱǹ۲ųǵ֮
ã֯ϳֵطĻԲǱô򵥣ʵų֮Ҳ½½ڽֵϣˣСԼضһЩ÷ɻĵط
ܿ죬ƵĽŲͣһų֮ΪرĵطվſЩ֦չĹҲ΢ȣ֯Ȼ̻֮У
ûڷǰطһѰ֮أҲ¥
ǰΪ̻¥վſڣƿԿЩ׷Ц£·ˣһпȥΪǰûϢڵĻ
üͷ΢΢壬ΪԼߴ˵طȷ֮£ȷ̻¥ߵϢȻĻ̻¥֮ڣȴ֮⣬λ޵ϢȻţģظӦˡ
ڷ֮ͣʣȻ̻¥ڴΪ֪ĵط߼ٵţƬ֮ƿһŻǰһɴӰܻǿϢ
Ȼط֮أ̻¥Ҳ֯һЩֶΣò˵֯ǴȻǰԼϳֵط
ţˣ
߸ǳ֮ʣһɴӰȻâһ۾ǿ֯ƺŲơ
˸΢ֵģѾǰ˶Է
Ҳûκεز֯棬Ƚɭϣ֪ǰӰ֯Ķܹġ
֣ܹ֯üֵˣҪôҪôѾ˳ˡ
ŮӰĮȻصһȻվβ˦ɾû
仰һʱⷿܵǿϢҲǶȻһߵ¾һӶ亹
ߣȻҵˣͷˣȻŮǷʲôԼƣֱӵһâߡ


2492 
Ůӵâһ˲䣬ߵɫȻһ䣬ΪŮҪ֣ǽȴȻؾסˡ
âԼ֮ûиоκβףƬ֮֮УȴǳһɫâɫâΪ΢ǳǰûвõ
⡭ʲô
߿ڵĿؿŴڱƳľɫâ޴Ҳ֪ǳԼϡ
ߣ޴ļһ˸ٵ֪ô£
ȻһŮӺûʲôһӣʱǽɫâӲɢɴ˿ԿóͨŮӣƾһ֣ܹ׵طڵ
߰ɣҳȥ˭ȻҰעⶼɵͷ
ɢɫ֮ŮҲһ˻֣ʧԭأʧĻµģϢ
ͬʱƸǾҪ̤̻¥֮ڣһ̽ʱ򣬸պþǾɫ֮ʣͬһʱ䣬Ҳһ˿ĸо
Ȼˣ»һЩǲĴڰ
ɫ仯о⣬֪ԼټȥȻԼѾǰ¶ˣȥĻ»ᷢһЩԼյ顣
£ƾѾҪת˺󣬵ȴǷеˡ
ѣȻ̻¥Ǻαôأ
һһŮȻڷƵĶ𣬵¾÷һ˿⣬ûκͣ٣ֱӵת
Ȼʱǰһ̣ſЦӭ·˵̻ŮӣȴǶȻɫһ䣬ͬǱƣȻͬһʱŷƳ֣
ŮӾȻʥ۷Ϊ֪ʲô취ȻصƶǱ˹ȥ
ɫ΢䣬ƾʥ۷Ϊ϶סģȻԷҲû뵽Ҫ⼸ԼҪ⼸ԼֻҪƬ̵Ĺ˱Ȼͻǳ֣
ģˣȻǱ˰һ
ɫ΢࣬ҲеⶼԼˣû뵽ⲻ۵̻֮أȻŴڣ׵ؿֶΣӶټ
ʥ۷Ůӣһ֣ǰǵбڷƵǰ֯γһƬʴ˺ƣҲҪƬ̶ѡ
ûͣٶ£ǱѸٵǰ壬ԼظЩɫâڣģȻֱӵسʥ۷
飡
һϸ΢죬ûκ⣬ֱӵؾǳ˹ȥȻȥһ˲䣬ҲǸܵõ󣬴ǿϢֱӵؾ
ջǱӳɹˣ̾ϢһҲҡҡͷͣתҪ֪̻¥֮ڣ׻Ŷٵǿߡ
תۼ䣬̻¥һŮӣֱƶȴûгֱ֣ŷƣ´ʲô
֪γƺȻ̻¥ǾСŮһΣ
ŮӲûֱӵضŷƳ֣÷Ȼ֮棬ǵǿȷ
ɫ΢䣬Ȼ˶Է֮е˼ҲǲõȴŮ֮⣬̻¥»ڣԼһӦתߵĻ»ܵԷس֡
ңڸղŮӳֵһ˲䣬Ҳе㾪ɣΪǰŮӾȻһ˿Ϥĸо
ܹ÷Ϥĸо֤ǰŮȻǸԼʶˣ磬֯УԼȻʶˣеˡ
ƳĬһ£ҲҡҡͷЦȻִҵҲǲþܾ¿ܹң
Ҿ͸㡣
ŮģȻûпԷʵĿȻжϳԷӦһˮĺգΪµĻǣԷΪǲԼ
ǷΪɵĵطһӵ˳ɫòŮӣΪ˵ؿֲƫƫǸԼһ˿ϤУΪҪǣԷȻ֯ˡ
ƳƬ֮ҲҡҡͷԼˣԷҪԸԼͳˣᵽ㣬Լأ
¶ԷͼֻһǾԼ


2493 Ҫʲô
뵽һ㣬Ҳ΢ҡҡͷܹ֯񣬿²ûɣƾһ£ֶΣܹһЩʵļһԼӪС
Ϊ֪ԷҪ£Լ·Ҳû̫ɵظŮӽ̻¥С
ν̻¥ϵȷһ̻֮أƲǽľǸִ˵Ůӣʱʱۡ
ߣŷƵĶһЩ䶼һЩϢȻŮڽֱӵؽй֮£̻¥Ȼ˿ǷƣҲֻܲò̾Ϊֹ
෴ǰŮȴǲɫǶֳϰߣûκ⡣
ʼһֱǸŮӵڽ̻¥֮󣬷Ҳ΢΢üΪõܣһֱһЩǿϢ̻¥ơ
ط㲻֯ܲҲһΪҪ֮Ļô
λһԲһλǰŮϢȻҲģҶ͸ط򵥰
ĬĬ뵽һ֮ҲǸΧϢڣҲǴŵطֱ̻¥֮ڣŶٵǿߡ
ȴΪ֮̾֯ǿ󣬹Ȼ鴫ƾһǲСӵĴڣ˵طͬ϶ҲŲͬǿ
ŮӵĴ֮£ƺܿؾǽ̻¥ڲ룬ֵŮҲԽԽ٣ȡ֮ǸһЩ޵Ϣ⼸һˡ
˽䱸ɭϵ̻¥Ҳҡͷ̻¥ȥһͨѰ֮أȴ˵á
ܿ죬ŮӵĲͣٶ£ǰһķ䣬ȴû̫ڣΨһֱŮӵǿϢ
ˣҲܹƶϳǰŮӵλ֯ҲǲͣȻǲһЩڰб
ʱ򣬷ҲǿǰԼֵߣʱȴ¶һɫվԱߣǿ˷Ƶĳ֣Ҳֻ΢΢鴤һ£û̫ľٶ
Ůǰ棬ֱӵʾҲ֮ⷿ
λ֪¸մ
ٺ٣ҰϰˣҵʲôҲˡƹһЦŮֱӵش̽ԼҲǺЦúܣԼѵ˵Ƿô
Ů΢΢һüͷƺǲôƵĻش𣬵Ҳĵص֪ΪҪ֯飬Ѿʹˣ¿ɾĲˣ֯Ҫʲô˶֣˵ɡ
仰Ȼʦ֮˼ˣҡҡͷЦ֯Ҫ˭֣Ȼ޷棬ҸǼһоɣȴܲܣһҲûжǵ֡
ŷô˵ǰ߶ʱɫ죬仰ڳˣҲסˣϾˣûʲô˵ġ
ô˵ƻ֯黹ˣ
Ůһ𽥵ر䣬֮Ҳ͸¶˿˿ĺâŷƵ˽֯ʲôƿԣ
ҡҡͷûм˷ʱ䣬ǵؿŮӵ˵ɣҽ²Ϊ˵ЩϻɣǶǱʲôֱ˵
ڷ̬ȣ˵ŮӣһЩڰеǿҲ΢΢ɫ˾Ȼ˵ֱӣŮȴЦ
ȻѰˣȻô˵ˣСŮӾֱӱ˼ɣҴ֯롣
Ůӵ΢΢ǰб֮âתţһֱضŷƣڵȴŶԷľ
ǺǣȻȴЧЦҡͷҪҼ֯ʲôôܹ֯óʲôܹĶĶ
Ůӵɫ΢΢䵭Ҳ΢ؾ㵣ԼȻȻô׵ƵҲӵǰķơ
ֻҪ룬û֯顣
૵Ůӵĺ촽֮д÷˫΢΢һ֯Ȼܹ˵⻰ԼҪʲôܹ㣿ò˵֯ȷ㹻ش
Ҫأ
ҡͷЦǶŮӣʱжŮӵҲԽԽɣԼز²⵽һ˿ܣȴǲȷѡ


2494 
ŷ仰˵ʱ֮ڵվǱɣ仰ʵ̫ŭˣ
ȻǸҵϷҵʥŮǲ֪
£ǰһҲŭصŮӵĵλ֯˵ڵڶʱȻǱϷʵ޷ȥ
һŭΧĿռҲǿʼ˿˿ȻЩڰеĻҲǳסˣƾȻ㻨صϷȥ
Щ˵һ˵ˣ¾ǻ˸ۡ
ʱŮӵҲǳ׵رñǿˣѹûд֯ú̸ӽ̻¥ʼһ̣ƾûԴ¡
Ůŭ𣬾ԼǴͷβǱˣһ
ƹһЦղ־ٶǹģΪ˵ó˵صŶǿߴڣȻ˲٣ǲȷ
񣬾ղŵһϷ֮Ѿȷˣڴ˵أûǿߣֻ⼸ˡ·ҲǷˡ
⼸Ȼӵв֣Ҫ׵·»еѶȡ
ôλƴʯٵһֵزƿľżǴ֮Ǵ򲻹Ҳȫǿɵ뿪̻¥
֪ͺãһҪ֯Ѱһ˵䣬ӣҲǲʲôǼȻ¾ȸˣ
ƺٺһЦҲǲŮӵ˵ɫ仯Σֱӵؾվ˱ȭЦģľɵȥ
ģŮӵƱǶȻһ䣬ƶʱϯ·Ƶɫ΢ΪǲŮӵƵжǿ
ϵҲʱΧĿռ䶼ǻ˿˿ⲢΪǵɣΪЩڰеĻҪֵ١
ĪΪƾǿң
ƲûκεصӣЦŵŮӣҡҡͷָǰԼܵߵҲǿߣңδǰ̫ˡ
÷ƵĻŮһ˫̺޾ȻظֳһĨ㵣û뵽ԼڰеĻȻ׵رƲ
𼶱ĴڣЩȻ㣬Ȼ㲻ǡ
ŮЦɫվֵǣûжκεȷܹԶһͷɫ㷢޷ԶɴֵòҲżֳζ
Ϊˣüͷ΢ؽ壬ʱǰŮֳϤоԼԽԽԣԿ϶ǣǰŮӾԼʶģ
㵽˭ΪҶϤĸоƺǰŮֻǸһԼϤĸоòǾıģԼԷֱݡ
ΪҪǣŮӵΪȻ˵ؾˣʶŮ֮УܹӵΪˣȴ޼
ʱ򣬾ȻǵϷʥŮֱ
ʱΧĿռҲǲϵµĲǼ䣬һӰʱƿն֣һɼΪϢ
һȭ
ڳֱ֮ӵؾһȭȭƵɫ΢䣬ӵΪȻλһȭԼǳܵĻǲˡ
·Ƶ΢΢ؿʼ˸һһƵľɫâһ棬һ˲䣬Ƶʧԭء
䣡
ڶ٣ȴһգûл˷ơ
˻˻
Ȼ𣬷ƵӰٶǳ˵ǰʱķǻһɫâԽ˿ռ谭ֱӵƿն
ŷƵĳ֣ҲһѾͨϢϣ֪Ƶľ粻Ǵ۾ҲЦ۶ѣҲǰҰ
Ӳûκζ֪ƵĹ٣Ҳûκζ¿ŷƼǰǻԼơ
УƶʱЦˣһĨЦ⣬Լȫһ˵λˣǴԲҲǲӣ
䣡
ԭƽĹƣڼλǰ֮ʣȴǶȻһ䣬˾˵Ĵ̶Ǽɫâǻһر


2495 Χ
ԷͻȻĹõڳĲɫ΢΢һ䣬Ƶһ¹̺ǳ˴۾롣
֯ɫ΢䣬ûµ˼ϾУͻȻ־˵Ҳ˿ûа취ȣ
߾
ŭһųǿҵâǼһֲ֮еգŮҲ΢΢ر˫
Ȼ貵âУȴһĨΪ۵ľɫâڲϵس֡
ھɫâеǷ̺Ĺƣ֮Ȼײһ𣬵´һӦĳֵĽƴڣ˹֮û̫ԶȻĻ˵̻¥һƬطҲ̱Ϊƽء
ʱչֳʵ㹻ڳĲ˶Ϊ֮㵣ǰһ֯ߣʱɫüΪҰܣ֪ԭһֱûжȫ
֮󣬿ռ䲻ϵһƬռ䶼ǲϵŤĿռ֮ϵسŴ˵أЩڰǿҲǷ׷̲סֱӵֳ
˭ʲôʱôһǿߣ
ʱһ뷢׵ӰسֳϢޱȵۻ룬ȻһԲǿߣͬҲΪƵǿܵ졣
Ǵ۾ΪȴܹʵǷ˼
ϧˣܹΪãҲһ׮¡ʱŮӵصɨӶڳҲҡҡͷ˴ιִͲˡ
ʥŮ˵ǣȻ˲ΪãǾͻɱʲô󻼡
Ϊ׵Ҳǵ˵ͷһ˫ǵ֮УȻԼһĨɱ⣬һƬռ˶̲סһ
һһԶԷʲôûУʱüҲӲˡŮصɲΪڶΧһ񾳴ԲǿԱŻ֣ƾĪͣҲûа취ѡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷһƬ貵âڴ˱ը֮Ҳ𽥵ȥֱƬ֮һƬռĿ𽥵ƽ
貵â𽥵ȥģӰҲ𽥵سڿУзֳ̬΢еǱһͷɫĳҲɢͷϣһ˫ֱ۴ֱطȻԼţȻڸղŵĶ֮Ҳǳ˸С
෴ʱһ֯״̬ƺǲȷƺõõȥһ׵ۣʱҲ˼֣Լɫеࡣ
δ𣡡
֮ն΢أһϸ΢촫ʱǴּžʱŮӻһԲɫҲ΢΢ؾ㵣ƺǿʲô˼顣
ΪʱǸ֯Ҳǿ˵һֱ֮УȴǻصѪ
Ѫ˳ֱ۵µ棬Ȼ٣ִĿĵɫȴõڳ˶ס˺
һ۾ˣȻ˵
ǻǰǸǲֻĵ飬Ȼʵطǵǰ֮ʱһһǱĿɿڴ
ʲôʱ۾ĴڣҲܹӵôµȻһױܹ˺ʱƵǱòһˡ
ˡ
һεѪϵص䣬ȴǿĵЦղһ˲䣬Լ˾żǴҼΪޣ޵ԷǲԼʹõǺε
һû˵ɴ˫ۣԼֱ۵ѪɫŲţ֯ȻǱһĴ۸ˣ
ɣվǰĿһôԷ͸¶ϢȴȷǴ󣬳˸ղһʱ򣬶ȻǿΪ֮Ĳ
ңһԴ벻ףղǿΪܹͷ˿µ⵽Ϊʲô
ңӷǵȻĶһֿ־УȴҪʲôʱȴѾԼƺõȻ޴档
ܡ㡭ֱʱһ޷ʵΪԼˡ
һȷѷһҲûϵ뿪ط
ʱԲǵطˣ֮ΧǼҲǶȻرǿϢ


2496 Ю
ͻȻ仯һĻ·ӵЦݱ֪ˣǾЩƺǴҪҲҪԼ
λԶٿɲǺúô
ƸЦǼ¶ɫҲΣʵܹһҲʵǺһ۾ĴȴҪ֯һֶԸȥҲ㹻ˡ
㱾Լ֯ģɾһٻҪʲôʲôܹԣϧѡˣֻȥ
ҲǵƳһ۷ƣҡͷϷʣһӼ֮ȴûƶôĴڣǿϧˡҪֶɱȴڡ
Ҳݵù˶۸٣֯棬ֻҪܹ;ǻ᲻ϧһֶΡʱŮҲǵЦŵڷƿûĻᣬղųԵϷԼӣûжٺøС
ô
ƺٺһЦҲҡҡͷɫҲû˿ľţҲԤ֮Уղžһ취
Ǿ
ڳЩˣǵж֯˵ΪҪһˣǾŮӣҷǣŮӵΪȻеģĿƷԷ
Ҳ˵ֻҪԼһȳ֣ѶԷνʥŮˣĻǶһԼҲǿ޿ֵ뿪
ţĪ㻹Ҫǣ㻹ʲôôŮҲЦŷ¶Щɫǿһһ㡣
ְɣ˷ʱ䡣Ҳǵص֮ʣڵĿռ֮Χغۼ˵ʧԭأ
ǿߣǰƻܵߣǸոռһ˿˵һʱ˲֣ŷΧȥ
һĻƵɫһĨЦִνǰ޹˺ˣλһֶԸССĴ۾ڡ
ǱҵģȻҪΧһҲִݻ
ɫ΢΢رʧһ˲䣬ͬҲʧԭأռ֮˵ռ䲨ϵĿռ֮֯һƬǱŤģ
Ȼһ̣ʵǿ߶ǳڷǰվڵĵطȴǷ֣ʱֱӵʧˣ
ǵģʧɫ΢䣬Ӵʶ¾ҪѰҵƵ֮ȴ΢΢ɫƾ˼һ㣬˿ûϢ
ô£ռ֮УҲЩۼڣһĲڣһ΢㵵ص÷Ƶƺصֶ̫ˣֲĹֶΣЩĴڶǿ͸
ɫ࣬һŸɿݵţȥΪ£ɨһܣָûзƵټҲǺΪơ
Ȼһ̣ɨӶʱûκػŮ֮ʱͫ׶ȻһҲʧеʥŮСģ
£ʵ֮ʣŮӶʱҲһһܿһĿռ䣬ҲҡͷЦʣôҳأ
ȻŮӵ֮ʣһЦʱĶ
ǱǸˣΪʲôҶأҵʥŮˡ
һ֮ʵȼɫҲǳ׵Ҳ벻ףƵôǵʶӶŮӵ
Ҫ֪ǿĴڣƵֶξȻǣΪҪǣʱѾЮǵʥŮ
ŮһʶҪһ˫ЩůƣȴطŮӵĲ֮Ůӽһ¾ͣ
˿ػɣ˫Ƶ˿ɲϧһԼʲôľٶɻԼСΣա
Ӧ֪Юҵ³
ŮȻ΢ţܿӦһǰʵˣҲǳ㶯ң͵ǳ׵֯ûô

ЦĿɨһܣҲ㣬֯ҲǲŹңȻ˵Ļ˵һǼɵʲô
ڷƵĻŮҲǺ޵ҧгݣǲ˿·һּΪЮŮӣ΢һ£ŮӴ㣬Լ̫Ϥˣ


2497 㣡
ʱķƣ˫ŮӵĲӣֻҪһķ󣬷ƶ˿飬Ҳ֪Էǲᷴġ
ķƣŮҲǿЦãһﵽôԼġ
ſ
ʳŷƵľٶҲǰûڣղ̫ˣΪƲκֶΣȴ֪ԷֱӵؾЮԼҵʥŮ
ҡҡͷü֮ȴɻɫԼ֮еŮӣֻԼزõŮӾԼʶġ
ֻ£Ϣ棬ԼǸıòȵȣ˫˴˶ϲԼͲ֪Է᲻ָо
ʵŮӱЮ֣뻷һ˲䣬ľȻûвκεĿܣǸоһֵذȫоƣŮɻĵط
£Ů΢̧ͷŷƴʱǾװӣԺ֮ȴû˿ӡһͷɫĳԵøΪİ
Ů̧ͷһ˲䣬߸պŷƵһ𣬵ŮӾһ£ǰûŷ̫Ӵôŷ߽Ӵʱ֮жȻһ𺳣̫Ϥˣ
һֱеУʱǲѹֵйŮӽ֮¶һֲ˼ɫ㣿
һ仰õԭûκθı䣬·֮Ҳ˫ȻΪʱһ˭
죡
Ůӣ֯ʥŮȻǴ磡
·˶סˣȻǴ죬ʵ÷Լ֣û뵽ǰ˾ȻǴ죡
ڴ죬һֱǸӵĸоǴ˴ٴȴѾٴβͬȻ֯ʥŮһʶݲǴ¥ŮӶѣǰĲҲ̫ˣ
һվǱùҲסˣŮҲסˣʵڶǿһʱ֮Ҳ㿴ңҿ㣬֪ô¡
ΪŮӻڷƵУҲǲһͻȻֵǿ߶ѣȻǱȲǵʥŮҪ
ƿЦҡҡͷջ̾һǰѳŮӲȴȻɿ૵û뵽Ȼ㡣
ŮӡʱӦǴ죬ƺҲǿЦã֪ԷǷ֮Ҳûκν䱸ЦҾ˵ԭԩңȻôǿˡ
ҲȥȻǳΪ֯ʥŮʵе㳬ҵϡҡҡͷҲɵơ
Ȼʵ˲֪׷ʲô飬ʱƺԼҵʥŮƺʶһҲǲ֪ξٶ
°ɣǰʶ˺ҵġ
һҲע⵽˴ʱĻƺǲʺɣҲǻ˻֣õ¡
ɡʥŮһӾǳˣһ۷ƣǿһ۴죬ǡ
쿴һĻҲǿЦãƶҪ˺ԼĻôҲû˿ˣҲǻ˻֣ʾʵڶǿ߲õİΣ
ڴִ֮£ʵҲΪε£ʵ˲û˵̫Զֻ⸽ǻһǴκΣգǻٴ֣Ͼ֯˵ΪҪǲܹκεʧ
Ŀʵ˵뿪֮ҲǷϾղſνǼΪգһô֣һĻͻпܽ
ĵô󰡡ǹƥؾʹط֯һΪҪķִЦŷδииĶࡣ
ΪһЩ£Ҫ֯򽻵㵹ǳϰ֯ʥŮƹһЦһܣʱҲ׹ˣĴ¥Ҳ֯һִɡ
˵Ҳ쵱ҲһЦŷƣطԼϣֱӵذסԼɴȡ
δ˷緶ɣƿ֮еϤӣҲҡҡͷҲǸһģâϵرţƬ֮󣬲ǻָ˷Ƶò
δһ꣬ǵ´ݾȻΪ֯ʥŮǷΪĥ飬ƺǲԸ˵Ҳûм׷ȥ
˵ɣһ㵽ΪѰ֯ܲܰ㡣ڸ֮̾Ҳҡҡͷѯŷơ


2498 ѯ
ԴѯʣҲӺԣΪǰŴĹϵôʱٴԵʱǸоеֵֹӣƫƫûһ÷ƺơ
¼ȻѯˣҲûйڣֱӵؿżɽ֯ΪѰһˡ
ˣҵ֯ˣһĨɣʲô£Ҹ˾Ȼ֯йϵ
ţһصǿߣҲ֪ôݣ֯ô棬ûгֹһ𼶱Ĵڣ׷ɱһ𼶱Ĵڡ
ʼɶҲǲ֪ô˵Ҳֻһַʽȥݡ
˰㣬ǿһλ֯µٿ£Ҳȥ׷ɱһġҡҡͷƺҲǱƵĻһ
ڳֹ𼶱ǿߣ֯ڴôֻгֹһλ𡣡Ҳǲ
˭·ƾǽ׷ʵ
а𣡡
ĸִӴﴫȴõܵĿռ䶼һ㣬ĸ־ͺӵĪħһ㣬ͬƶסˡ
адԵ𣡶һǿΪصһλǵҲû֪алŮġ
統Уа¼źܶ࣬Źһ˶ԿͷʵǳϹȣ߸˵ȡ
ڶǣаӵгܣǵһ˵ȵ֮ģЩǴԣηҲǲ
ѵɶа𣿣
·Ƶбôһ󵨵ͷԼǱŵˣֱǲ˼顣
аʵ֯ĴʼˡӣŷƻصЩʵ֯ĻܣԷƣҲûа취ܾ˵ʲôֱӵ˵
Ƶ˵ͷʵ㲻ʲôܣһЩǿ˵֪һЩ飬а𿹺ͷǴ֮֯аʧˣͷǿҲûѰҵ䣬˼һ㡣
аһŮӣںܶǰȴͻȻʧԼ֯ǲ֪䡣Цŵ֮в֪һ˿аĳ˵綼һԵ֣
ôȥˣǻѰ䣿üͷȻûбκܹɶйϵļ󣬵ǷȴֱƺһЩϵ
ǵģΪаһֱûҲûгֹ֣ǣ֯ÿһˣǶǼ縺һʹǾѰа𡣡ʼŷƣ¶˹Źֵɫ㲻ҪңҪѰаɣ
ҡҡͷû˵ʱ˵ɶĴڣΪȷɶǷа𣬶ɻɶаĻôаͣôʧȥ䣬Ϊյɶأ
⼸ǲܵ飬Ҫ֪а𣬿ǹھһʱǿߣ˵Ⱥ˶ҪøǿͷʵȨ˶޷֮档
Ϊ統ţа֪ΪΣһŭ֮£ֻɱȣǲ㵥ƾһ˵ΪȶǸˣȴû֣֮а𽥵ʧ˵ҰС
ôжаûɻţƳĬƬ̣Ҳ׷ʵ
ڷôִ׷а飬Ȼɻ󣬲Ҳûκκֱӵػش֯ܲһöаϢôһֱûκ飬Ƕţаǻš
ʼˣû˭֯ÿһʥŮΪ˽Щ飬ΪÿһʥŮᱻ֮ԼǾѰҵа
֯˵аǵһ֮ͷĴڣʧô꣬úܶ˶Ϊ֮ɵ
صһѾ֪Ҫ֪飬ΨһľǲȷɶǴ˵֮еа𣬶£Ʋûֱӵظߴ졣
ΪԼûȷһóȻظߴ죬Ʊػ֯Ķ»ᷢһЩԼϲľ档
а𣬻ͷͷͨͺ֪а𻹻ߵĻҲԲӲܵġ


2499 ֮ʥ
ڴЩʱڶǾظ߷֮󣬷Ҳ˳Ĭ֪ỹһ㣬һ뵽ɶпܾǸа֮ʣĶǱüΪƽ
һɶݱȷĻôпܾҪȺķѹƲ֮ˣôʱ䣬Ҳ˽õаĳ֣ͷĳжôط
Ȼǲܻٶаĳ֣ʧȥ˼а𣬷ҲǴӻʸ˫Ŀе֪ôȥˣͷһֱûзаѰҡ
ɶݱй¶ȥ½ǻɣźͨ춼аٴγ֣źҲС
̾ϢһѾǴŵ˽⵽ɶǷȱֻҪһЩ֤֤Ըɶûܹ֣ܹȷɶİȫ
ɶѾյǸаͬʱҲΪϴΰԼӲŹǴʱΪܵشʱ֮ڣ޷ָȫʢʱڣⲻͷ
ôѵ֪а䣿
Ǻεȴϻ۵Ůӣ±ǲ²˷Ƶ룬ҷƴӳѯʵҲһֱайأʵǲò˻ɣ֪аϢ
֯˵а֯Ѱ꣬ûаϢܹѰһаô֯˵һ𳬼ǿ
Դаʧ֮֯±ǿʼõ͵Ϊûа֯ǵٶ࣬ȻҲ޷ͷ⣬һֱʱʱ֣һЩΪصüΪΣͷҲ޷ֱӵز֯
ԴѯʣȻǲܻϣҲҡҡͷΪܹѰҵõаôֻиǿҪ˽а£ҲŻǳִ̽һ¡
ǿߣ쵱ҲųЩâʱͷĶҲ˽⣬ҲǶŰ½һЩӡ󣬵÷Ƶ𣬴ҲΪ档
ǼҲͷģ֪ʲô飬ȴںܶǰ뿪磬ҲǻԵɺ֮ʲǣѾ˲ٹ򣬲ǰ£壬ʱһ¡ҡҡͷЦ
ĵؿһ۷ƣ֮ͻȻسĬȻѾŽӽʱûмƣȴһֱ
ŮӣҪôǲģҪôһӣûйĽ˼ȴһֱڷƵϡ
ѾǳΪ֯ʥŮ֮伸ǲκεؿܣǲԸҲֻǽĬĬĵ׵Ȼñ֪ĻǸƴ޾鷳
ƿųĬĴ죬ҲǸиĶ࣬ûеƣֻǼա
ȻʱȴŲ֮ʹգƶȻ̧ͷ¶һ˿ŹֵϢΪһɲϢѸٵ̻¥߿£ϢߣƺǼΪ
ͬҲǸܵˣǸһĨңڵƣ߰ɣ֯ˡ
΢΢һ£Ŵ¶ֵɫ֯ʥŮǴʱȴ¶ɫѵ˵ͷܴ
Ȼ뿪һɰϢҲǶȻؽ̻¥֮УȻ˲پϢȷʵֱ˵ض
ˣҲҡͷЦֽһС鷳
䣡
һ촫ȻһģӰǴ洳˽ֱӵشգڳ֮ҲǶȻŭһ
֪ͽȻЮ֮ʥŮ
΢΢һ£ʱǿߵΪˣһͷ֯۷꣬էۿȥҲмӢ֮⣬Ƿע⵽˶ԷϢȻҲǲλ
˭ˣ
Ȼӵĳ֣ҲüͷֱӵŭԱҲ¶˹Źֵɫһ۴첻˵
ⲻǰܲ˴ţ˵Ю㣬ҲѸٸˡΪҲʼ¿첢޴֮Ҳһ
ʱ򣬴ע⵽˷ƵĴڣҲƳƾվڴԱߣ̬֮ƺΪǣüͷʵ˭
˭òܡûиɫ
ҹܲţҿʥӣʥŮδޣ˵ҹܲţɫҲǱ΢


2500 
ʱ˹ԭͻȻֵļһΪ֯ʥӣϻǴδޣ
ӣƺǺܸð⼸仰ﵱУƾܹܳŨų⡣
µǴƺҲǶԼŵˣΪԼ̫ô
뵽ƲʧЦⴺҲ̫ɶˡ
δޣߣҿɲϣ˵ˣҲһ޸㣡
ƺǷ£´֮ҲǱΪŭŴ
ʦ˵㡣ҲһЦʼһ¿ǴʦԼĸµģܻᱻġ
˵ݣɻûи˵
´ɫҲǳ׵˫ضŷƣɫΪơ
˭ܲţҲһ¾ŷƵ֣߰ɡ
ƿЦҡҡͷʲôⴺǰԼΪ˰ɣɫ֪ԼߣҲ׵顣
Ҫߣʹң
ⲻ֪´ǱŭѣΪ˴ŷƵ֣еŭҲѹֲסһ˿Լδűʱ򣬻̵ܹס
£ڱǱǿҵϢȻֱӵƣҪֱӵ·ƣ
ò˵ܹΪ֯ʥӣҲȻͣλĳ֣¿ռ䶼΢زţڿ˵Ӱֱӵ˷Ƶļ
̫ˣͻȻ֣쵱¾ǶŭҪȴǴĶ֣ҪֹҲ
ֹˣŷƾҪװ׵ر˹
һ֣Ӿ̲ס¶һЦڳ֮ʣҲ̽Ѱ˷ƵϢǴ۾ѣԼȴλԸһۣ´ˡ
ȻȴûõһĴ۾ǿߣҪ֪ղǵڶһ֣Ҳûܹ÷ƳԿ
£ҲѸٵطӦڴ֮ʣҲǽճȭһȭͷԼظһĨľɫâ
žɫâĳ֣ϸ΢ȴǼΪأ춼ûвõһηưԶ˾żǴĲϾô˵ҲĴڣݲӡ
飡
£ȭһ𣬿ռ䶼Ǳͳ죬һ˿˿ռ˵ĽӴ֮ϵȻûб̫ĶԱߵĴȴɫüΪء
ȻһνɵĶСʵҲǸ֪õΪʲô飬Ѹٵسˡ
Ƶ΢΢һ£оԼȭͷǳһɼΪõڵѪǷڲѣһĹѾǶǿеؿһ
۴ȴһ㣬ѸٵԼƣ¶һĨֵɫŷƣΪڸղŵĶ֮У֪ΪΣĺëȻը˲ʧȥ֪һ㡣
ڣƣֱۣҲ΢زţղķӦһ־ɣΪΣŻֵ˵ˣǰķӵеΪ֮ɵ
ʵڸ֮󣬿ȻԼʥŷƽ֣ҲһۿЦѣǶûܹڷƵֵʲôˣȻҪƴƣ»е
ΪͻȻ֣ʵҲûлߴƵĿ֮ҲֻǾ֯ⴺڷƵгԿ
ҵˡ
Ƭ֮󣬴΢ػӶһԼֱۣɫŭҲ𽥵ʧȡ֮һصɫŷ¶һʨӿһɫ
ȻأʼȻλҪԼƴɻԼռƣȻǰЩ˲ֵ¡
û£ҹ쿴ƲûгԿҲһҲǺɫŭ
֯ĵطͱܹô뿪
෴ûᴺ죬һֱŷƣɫƺҪ֡
ƵɫҲ𽥵෬ԼҲһЩŭ𣬵ƾ㣬סң
ԣɵЦһ۾ĴڣܹǿõȥҾͲаˣ
֮󣬴ٴζ֣һʵӣҪ֣ȴǱҪһӭսƣ


2501 봺Ķƴ
ԴƣƿЦãӿɲô۸Ȼô˵ˣãǿɾͲƵԸˡ
£ˣƺŷЩ֮ҲŷƵղŲһʵϣ㲻Ҫʧ
£ʵɫ΢䣬ʸüͷʥӡĪҪ⿪ӡ
ĻҲȫ
ҲǵصһֱڷƵϣûƿȻ˵ѾǶԷ㹻ļɵˡ
ղŷֳ㹻λҲΪ֮ɵ
ǵĶԻҲǰ棬ӡĪν֯ʥӣڻʲôŹֲɣ
ƣҪӦƴһ뿪š
ʱҲȻشƺⴺʲôµһ㣬ôԷƵĲ
Ʋźۼص˵ͷʵ֮дʱҲһЩȤҪνĴʲô͡
ʱһͷҲǿʼ޷ԶȴǷִʱĶͷȴǳһطġ
Դĳ֮󣬴Ȼ˫ӵɫȻǽɫҲǣ˵ϢǶȻر˲١
֣ѵʲôطɣ
Ҳ¶ΪȤɫĶ̶̵Ƭ֮ڣϢѾǵõ˲ٵ·Ҳû֮ģʵطǺûС
çİ壡
£˫Ҳؽӡһ˵ϢҲǽű
һµķĿʼռŷƵ棬ǰźܴһڷʩչçİ壬ֳɫǵؾɫ
Ϊڵ󲿷ԴǾżǴ֮ʩչʱǷҪѹԼǴ֮Ҳ޷ġ
ŷƵı仯ʵ˵ɫҲ࣬ǰһֱǿӵеʲôȴȽ׵Ĵڣ˼ɵ˵Ǵˡ
ȻֱʱʵҲ޷׽õڵʲô
Ǵ֮ȫʩչĻŷƵʵǿһʱ֮Ҳ޷ֱԺܶʱһЩĴΪѹŷƣȴǲ֪ͬӵſһս
ԷƵı仯¶ɫøΪأѾ۵۷壬Ҳ޷ټȴ
ŭһ˶ʧԭأһһ˷ƣƼΪͣǒYƣõԱߵʵȼ˶ǰԵͷ
ܹΪ֯ʥӣǲûеġ
ڴ嶯һ˲䣬Ҳһ屳ֱӵػûһ˫ɫ򣬿ȥΪ졣
ͷһͬҲʧԭأһһһ㣬ƵϢ¾ʧӰ٣ʵҪ׵ز׽ƵĴҲ޷
һգ۵Ĺ򣬻һɫĴȻƿն֣˷ǰվڵλãڳ֮΢΢üƺΪѰҲƵϢա
һ̣ɫ΢΢һ䣬һľɫӰıֶһ˫͵ֱӵش͸塣
ȻǷƣ
ڶ˿ռ䷨֮ķƣڿռ֮Ĳݼǵһĵزƶʱ򣬽յС
ȻƳ֮󣬶Դ巢˹ȴûκЧ֣Ƭ֮ͣԭصĴҲǻʧ
ӰǴĲӰ
һĻҲ΢ⴺȻǻżŵȻԼֵһ˲䷴ӦǽƶĲһӰѡ
΢һĲӰ׵ɢƵҲٶȻ֮Уʱطƺʹ˵ľȻȻϢʧˡ
Ѳʥһ㣬ſռ֮£һҲ¶˾㵵ɫܹһģǶſռ֮ż˽⣬ǲŴƴ൱
Ҫ֪ȴǿΪ֮⣬޵Ŀռ֮ҲΪ̵ֶ֮һսУռ֮ɱ˲֪ٶ֡
пܣȻ͡ҲغһҲΨͿ֤֮ٹ죬ȫΪ޵Ŀռ֮


2502 콾֮ĶԾ
֯ʥӣΪóһǿռ֮Ȼ֮ʣͬΪóռ֮ǿߣ˭ǿ⻹˵׼
ڳǿʣҲǿ͸ΪƵʵ͸˴ϣ¶һ˼ɫ
ʱڳУʱʱӰϵس֣໤ţȴûиԷ˺һõôơ
ΪѰ˵Ϊλͬ޿ռ֮ķƣҲÿһγֹƣһ˿ͣ١
νͣ٣ֻһִÿԼŰܹǻзƣȴͷʱɱƶܶ
ңÿʱ򣬴ͻǷ֣ԼĶͣôǧ֮һ룬ּǿ˵ôʱѾ㹻ܶˡ
Ȼǲ֪һжǷڵһãǾʱ䷨
һֱǺٶΪޱȵʱ䷨Ҳ޷ȫգԴΪԼڵǴ̫֮ܶ࣬Ҳֻʱ䷨
ҲǷΪյĵطΪ磬Ҳ̫ĿŵضþżǴ֮ע⡣
Ҫ֪˵޴ڣΪ֮ףƿɲ˵ԼǰŻ֮
Ƭ̣ӰȻҲͣûټŷƽйΪȥĻԼռʲôˣƵ嶼ţ˵ʲôܣǳ˵Ρ
ͣԶĿռҲǻŤţһģİ׷ӰֶȻǷƣڴĽüͷԵƽࡣ
ղŴ޷κ˺Ҳ޷ԴʲôʵԵ˺ǲһУֱӵضǴ֮ƻŻᡣ
΢شŴü֮һöɫıøӵ貣һĽɫâϵ壬ΧĿռ䶼ǲϵµĲ
ΪֹˣҲʱ㿴ʲô
غһȻ֮Ҳŭһ̻¥Ϊ֮һбǳһεѹ
ѹȻԴ
ʱĴü֮һöɫӡǣȻǱøӵ貣貹󣬾Ȼȫʧˣһ̣Ʒִ˵ǶȻر˲٣
λ
ɫȻһ䣬ΪִʱȻһεؿʼһεȣǿ˵еˡ
λȻ˷
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵɫȫޱȣΪԵĴѾΪ֮ı䣬һλҡһ䣬ΪӵλĴڣ
طƿǴδŹλԼþżǴ֮ĻͲǶԷĶ֣
ջǱȫ⿪˷ӡô
ʿһĻɵǸ̾һ֯ÿһʥʥŮǽɵĴУӶõǵӵǿȻƽֻǱӡǸԵڣֻвϵǻӵɵĴУһ;ǾΣʱ̣Խ⿪ַӡøΪǿ
Ȼʱ״֣ǷӡȫͷŶȻһĸ޴󰭡
Ȼȫؽ⿪ķӡɫҲǱò԰ֽ΢΢һӡͬҲӵУŶôǿ
ǷΪܹһȫͷĴô
ʶҡҡͷͬʱغһ¶ʲôһ㣬˵ϢȻҲһϵȹʼ޷Զ
һɫӡü֮𽥵سֶ
ֱ仯Ȼʵע⣬ҲǽüͷĥƵŴʲôϵȻõô顣
ûеģȫͷķӡȫͷŷӡ֮ǰɱ
ҲǹһЦɫüΪᣬһɱ֮ⶢŷƣҲ΢΢ֿǵɫڿһˡ
ƽüͷȻ״νķӡʲô£Ҳ֪ԼʱҪԵҪȸղŸΪϾࡣ
һλһ֯ʥӣԼһ㣬ӵĵƣԲٷղԼڶǵɵ


2503 ѹ
ƴʱɫüΪΪ֪Ϊᱬһôĸ߶ȣ˵ԼһλþżǴ֮ĻͲǶ֣
ܹ㶯þżǴ֮ôȻǲܵģһȫż֮ǾǻᱻǵڷҲǲνǺηʥ
ԸƴˣҲԲðնȫľżǴ֮
˴ľٶƺͬҪͷŷӡԿԼΪиЦѣȻ첻ƫƫҪ
´֮ųĽɫâʼ𽥵ۣ˿˿ɱڿһ̴ˣ
һɫǻ˲񷣬һգ۵ĹѾǳ˷ƵǰƶûзӦ
㵵ؿŶȻԼǰĽɫӰӵľɫûü仯һǴӴ֮б
ռ䶼Ϊ֮еȴرѹһΧ֮ڣȻҲ̻¥żΪ˵ؽƲá
飡
һ촫һӰǱ԰֮кݺݵص˵ϣͬǼ̵ĵ涼˲γһ޿ӣѷ޿Ϊĵ㣬鲼ܡ
һ
һ֮£õ÷ƶӦһͬʵɫ΢΢ر࣬ǴԲԴʱĴҲѹ
ô
֮Ľɫâʼ𽥵ȥ¶˴ӰǴǵĿЦ
߸վ棬ŵһ־޿ӵĵ棬зƵղžǱݺݵһشҲΪ⡣
ǰûȫͷ֮ʣôһ۾ĴڣȻܹƴһ൱õĸĴܹܵˡ
£ͷ˷ӡ֮еΪõ˿ֲһӾõ÷ƱüǺ޻֮
ؿ棬ӵĿЦ𽥵ȵ֪㲻ôģӵһΪʲôͷų
Ȼǳ嶯ɵӣȻǺڷƵڣǴһּΪµõĲһּɵǿ˵־塣
Եǲ֪ӵеǴ֮Ͼ統УҲûʲô˿ӵּµƻ֮
ȿȿȡ
·ķ浱УƵӰҡҡλεվĳӶǳЩѪۣȻղŴɵһҲǸ˲鷳
ҡҡλεվ˫ȴǼΪ徻ǰ侲ؿŴ֮ĴƾĿռ䷨Լǰӵʱ䷨ҲǾƴΨһĿܾǶеľżǴ֮ڴϡ
ڴɱ⣬ƿǸ൱һʼ֣¶ɱʹûιǳ¶֮еɱ⡣
ҪɱԼˣƽʱƿ϶ʹ˰֣һ޷е
ƳĬ˵ҲǼЦƻңңض·ķƣЦȻǲԸ⶯ǵҾȡ
ʱҲ΢΢Ƴһ۲ԶĴ죬ͬųɫâĴ죬ҲŭѣȻΪһˣϧ⿪ķӡʵǴǻϼ͡
ڣķӡûȫؽ⿪֪Ǵղʲôԭ򣬵Ҫ⿪ڵķӡȥȴҪ鷳һЩ
£ңңƣȻҲǿʼ۳һżΪ貵ĽɫâŽɫâûʲô仯ǲϵڴۣƺѹ
£ƱǶȻ̧ͷ˫ü壬ŴеĽɫҲΪ㵣ȻܹԸ
ȥɣվϣ
Ц΢΢¶һĨĽǶȣһ̣һƬռ֮еǼüΪ
˾ĸоûκεسɣֱӵ˸յУȻڷʧһ˲䣬ӴƵеһŽɫâȻֻһϸ΢Ĺֱӵ˷ƣ
ݣ
һƿϵ𣬶ʱֹһ֣ɫһ㲻ͣؽ£
ЩɫͨǿԴ͸ռ䣬ҲǼΪ𺳣⵽ʲôֶΣ


2504 
ŴĹƱüΪֲõ÷Ƽûв֮أǶ˿ռ䷨Ҳûа취жܣֻǿĸӦͨѸٵƶܹǿرܹЩĹ
㲻Ǻǿôôһɥ֮Ȯһ
ȻһеԴͷʱ·ķֻǱرжʱһεĿС
ָоĲõôĹøӵңȻƴʱֻǿЦѵؽжܣڴֽһΪȻˬҲû취
һеضеľżǴ֮ǶˣҲֻԱ֮޷ŴĶԿ
ģҪҵǵӣ
к޺޵صԼȻλźֻܴ࣬Ҫһǽͻƣʱ˵ǴּĴڣȴԲǿߣԼҲһս֮
żǴ֮ʱ䷨򣬿ռ䷨򣬻ںε֮£㹻ǳΪԽսʱ
ͬ׽޵УǷƴʱȻҲƾŴ۾Ϊ͸Ĵڶƴ
ܰܿ㣡ڵã
£¶Ǳӵ֮ɫԽԽŨò˵һֶιõ÷Ƶȷмܡ
ѾǺüΣƵ嶼ѾǱֽɫĹУʱǵǿ˲䱻Ϊӵ·ƹ˶þͳһǧ԰ٿ׵Ĵ⬡
ȥɲУҪ취뿪ȥ˵ýˣ
ɫǱƽȴͷϵѰŻᣬܲ͸¶һЩӶ뿪˵ء
ȻҲע⵽Ƶͼ¹Ĺøӵܼõ÷ֻǱæӦûȥæѰһͻơ
ģΪطνķӡͲʲô޶ȵôһ߽жҲǲϵš
ǿȵĹ˵ӦûķѴڼΪȻΪֹҲûвڵ᲻ȥ
ǷΪͷ۵£Ա߻ʵڶǿߣ֪᲻Ҳʱ׼ĻƱɣ
ȻʱһͬȴǶȻس֣Ǽ䣬綼һ㣬ƵӲͣסˣⲢԸͣٶסĳǿ֣õ޷
⣡
Ʋ֪ʲô飬֪֮£Լ屻Ļһʱ䣬ԼǻᱻЩɫĹȫض
ʱ򣬾ǺˣҲȲԼ
ԤϵһĻȴûг֣ΪҲǷ֣ǳһƬռ䲻µĽɫȻҲ̶ͬס
ڷƵǰɫĹӲڰ֮У޷ԭȵĹ켣£
⡭Ǻεȵô£о֣һĻг˾֮⣬ȻҲһϤĸоһĻƿصʱ䷨ƣ
ȻŷΪȻǻһȴǿԣ
𣡡
ڴʱһȻشֽӲ棬˲ҲǸоƺǿٴμжȻһĻȴӳľɫӵŨ
ǰǼµĽɫʱǱһεݣȻͬһʱӲر飡
ǵģǱ飡Ľɫ飬Ľɫâ鲼ռ䣬ЩɫâȴѾʧȥӦ
ֱʱƲǷ֣ǰȴȻضһٻӰϱһּΪ貵âţһ˵ѹͬҲŴγһֶԿ
죿Ȼ
Ŀɿڴȴû뵽Ȼӵµֱǲ˼飡
ˣͬӵиһķӡҲ˵ùȥ֯ʲôͷȻȹ֮¡
ҲǸ̾ѣԼ޷ţǸղһĻʱ侲ֹȻٷ鴺ĹΪ𺳣
ȻΪôһˣϧ⿪Լķӡҳ֣һĻ˽ǰĴ죡
˵Ͳʱ쳣ĮĮһ÷ƶǸоİĵز


2505 
Դʱı仯ҲǽüͷֱоʱĴ죬һּΪµռţӦŴһ㡣
ܹ֯ͷʵ⣬԰
ǰһĻҲǸ̾Щĵ̣Ѱ޷õ˭ܹõȻӵһλǿӲλ
Ǵصܲҿ³ҲǺõȥΪһˣҪҷôԴǿƱ֣ɫҲࡣ
Ϊǳ֮ܵǿռ䷨򣬵ܵȴΪصʱ䷨Ƿ֪ӵʱ䷨ҲǸӵ𾪡
ǱʦҲֲܣҪߣΪĮȻһ˫֮гɫĹâȥӵޡ
˫ۻ΢˵ʵ֮ûж֣Ϊɵڵ֯ÿһʥӺʥŮִУԴӽܴ֮һֱûжֹ˴ڴҲΪɵ
ʣնɱСӣ
´ͷһת뵽һӣתʵŭΣƱҪ
ҲܷƵΣƾŴϵһ㣬ڴƾǱҪΪδޡ
ʣҵ£Ҳ֣
ķ´ҲעʵڶǿߵҵĻǴĻҪһ㣡
ʱʵ˾һΪѵУĻҲǣĻҲǣʥʥŮ֮ĶǰЩҲǣȥ
ΪЩͷ۵ʱ򣬷ȴĿȻĴɨӣҪѰ뿪ĻᣬΪ˿ռ䷨ԼҪ׵뿪ǳ˵Ρ
Ǵǣס˶ô޷˼ԼֻƲܹ˳뿪
ȻʱҪǿɱƣһĻٴһѵľ棬һܹǰӦЩ֣һο¾Ͳôˡ
ɫ鲼˪ƻ̧˸һɫââȻͣȥûʲô˺ʵϣȴΪصһ
ʱ䷨
´ǰһһεɫâȻػգǣ֮һɫâʧ٣ûа
Ŵһ¶֮󣬲Ǵǿ߶΢΢ɫƽüͷʶ̽ӶȥȴǶȻط֣һƬռһεʶҪɣ
ô£
ľѣѸٵջԼʶһ㣬͵һ㴴ˣƾδؿһƬռ䡣
ƽޱȣǲȴӵһֿڡ
ʱ䷨򡭡
ʱҲǱϳ˴ӵеǡǡΪϤʱ䷨֮һҲǾ㵲ѣǴֶΣǰδš
ʣʱĪܡ
ֻôһ仰ŴԴӽܴ֮һֱչ¶ԼжǿҪˡ
Դһ̬ɫ࣬ȭͷ仰Ǳ˵˵ͶˣվǰĿǴ죬һ˵Ϊأû֪ʱĴ쵽ǿʲôز
ңҧгݵصŴ죬еŭǲϣֱӵشӻͳһöһĶ±Ƕʵ˵ǵⶫô
ʵһ㶣ǿ˴еһ棬һɫ֣ЩǿɫǶȻһ䣬ֱӵع̬Ϊ
Ǵ쿴˴յĶһֱ鲼˪֮ɫҲǶݣʧʦô
ÿһ֯յһöƣӵöƣǿ֯ߣӵǿ˵֮֯ڣλֱһ֮£֮ϣ
쵱¾תŷƴƣߣҪͷ赲
֪ʱԼҲ޷ʵҪ֣ϾϿӵ˵ĻԶԶԼʥŮ˵ĸз
ƴʱߵĻ¾Ҳû뿪ˣڴ˵أ


2506 ʱ䷨Ŀֲ֮
˴ĴԣҲ֪ڵ鷢չѾǳ˴գȻ¶ɫ
ûκγɣƵӰȻʧԭأֱӵգȻ׼ƿȥ
ǻʲôնɱ
˷ƵĶ´ɫǸһĨ֮ɫֱӵضʵڶǿ

Ĵ˵ĻʵȻ޷ܾΪ׵ĵڶǿҲֱӵվʣŴ΢΢ؾϹ
ɱ
ʻ˻֣ûκγɣ¾ָ׼Ƕ֣Ȼʱȴһ̤סʵˡ
Ҫ׷ԣǾɱҰɡ
Ϊر䣬ֱʵڶǿߣ֪ԼǿȻҲ޷ʵ˿⣬Ȳ˵ˣһˣΪԶԸ
ʥŮϷҲǲöѣ벻ҪҵΪѡ
̬ҲǺΪѣòȥԣҪҪԸ죬ҲҪ֡
Ĭû˵κ䣬ֱˣɫǼᶨʵҪ֣ҲǱҪǸһЩҲǲϧ
ʥŮÿɣ¹󣬻صܲҲǲýʵ̾һ
ǻȥ׷ϻʲôԸЩ˾ȻǱ£ҲŭֱӵŴ춯֡
޼ɵض֣Ϊ֪ʵˣҪԸһƣǼֱǴСãֻҪʽնɱôȻҲûеֿɡ
ֻҪնɱƣһоǻ˴Ҫľǣס죡Ȼ첻ʵˣȴܹһ鷳õ÷л뿪
Ŵ֣ɫҲ΢䣬һɫâϵʱ˿̣һɫŮɢѹ
ѹ֮£˿ռ䷨ĴҲǸһĨ㵣ⴺʱչ¶ΪȻǱҪǿ
ʱ䷨Ǵ˵֮Ϊصʱ䷨
㲻֪ǣֻҪҽ⿪ӡǿԲԲΪʲôʱ䷨ڿռ䷨Եʣ
쵭ؿԼֵĴҲ΢΢ӳΪʥŮ˴֮һֱδ֣ʵ֯ܶ˵һյס
ȻδֵĴ죬ҲҪ¶Լķâռ䷨ʱ䷨ǰ޷⣡
ʱΪ飬˵ƻûʲôʱΪ£ʱһ绪ǿ߱óĺõǧɽˮǻ
£ŴڵİرһƬռ䶼˲òѣһεϵ鲼ܡ
ʱʵ˷˲Ծĵطÿ˵ĶǿʼóٻⲢܵ˽ΪһӰǣ
ˣûһ⣡յзƣʱҲǱԳ㵵ؿǰһĻҲ˹
ʱ䷨ʱ䷨ܹһʱ٣Ϊʩչʱ䷨ԵʣܵٶܵӰ죬ʵ˵Ķ޵ر
߰ɣӦ
쿴һ۷֮ҲһӣҲǶŷƵʾ뿪ΪҪάʱ䷨֣̫ܳʱ䡣
ܣ
ŭһ֮ҲǸ貵ĽɫâȻҪʱ䷨٣ӲҪԷƶ֡
㻹֪ԼҵĲôƿ˿ռ䷨֮ҲҵĶ֣쵭صƳһ۴
ҲԸ⶯֣ȻҪңǾ㿴֮Ĳ࣬ҪȢң㻹ûǸʸ񣡡
ͷӡ֮Ĵ죬ԸҲǴ䣬Ǳһһ㣬ңңԼƣһ貵ɫâϵš
Աߵʵǿߣʱ޷ֹĶΪѱʱ䷨Ӱ죬Ǹеһ޷֮ĸо
ҪʲôɫǾ䣬Ŵ֮ƵɫâĶȻؾ
ʲôĮȻص΢΢ֱٶǽһ̴ǷһЩ˵ı仯
ҵ塭
Ȼ֮£˴ľ˿̷ҲǵɴԼ˫ۣһֲ˼ǰһĻڴʱ䷨֮£ʱȴ𽥵سϻ״̬


2507 뿪
һĻֵʱؽڳ˶סˣʱֳļ󣬼ֱ˾ò˼顣
Ψ֪ʱ䷨һ֣ʱ˲ٺܶ౶е˻ܵʱ䷨ĴݲС
ֶΣϰʱ䷨򵽴һľ֮ͬҲǿʩչֻǰĴ죬չֳʵֲ̫ˡ
߰ɣסǡʱ컺תŷƵ
ĬĬؿŴʱĴ죬֮г貵ɫ֪ΪΣ״̬֮µĴоһİ
֮£鷳ˡ
Ҳصһ֪Լմ̻¥ľٶȷе³çˣʱŴ첻һеذô³»ĺòȥ
˵ͷҲû˵ʲôɫֵ֮üΪĮȻƿҲǵ˵ͷ׼Ҫתȥ
ȻʱٶȷǴڴƿصʱ䷨ĴȴǶȻŭһʱ𽥱òϵȴٶȱΪ۵Ľɫâһգ
죬Ҷ֣Բˡ
ռ䣬ǴǷŭʱ䷨֮гֶ첢ûҪɱľֻƾֶΣʱסѡ
ߣΪ֯һ˵⻰ɣ쵭صȫƾһ˵ѹסʵڵǿߡ
ʵ˿ڴʱȻչֳǿʱ䷨һʱ֮Ҳ޿κΣǰһĻӵʺǣһԱŴ춯֣ҲܹӦ
ºҪ׷ʵΪβֵԵʣʵҲǿԽǣȫΪʱ䷨
غһԭҪתȥȴǶȻͣٶ£ŴЦǰɣ֮£ձȻǰٱ
ڷôûʲô취Ͼǲһ󾳽磬һλһǴ۾ѣرľ롣
ȴģһŴ棬ǲһУҲҪնɱ
λ˲𣿷ԼֻҪܹͬͻƵôԴҲûʲôˡ
ʱ˷ƵĻ˵øӵرŭǺεȴڣȻǱôһ̣Լ޷״̬¡
֪˭ȻҪ֮أ
ǷŭϵȻȴҡҡͷһ¹˭ֻĲ˵Ҳֱӵתȥ
뿪̻¥֯ķֲһ·ûκεͣ٣Ϊ֪ܹ赲һʱΪ赲̫á
̻¥ĶŪòСʱӦĳЩǿߵĹעпܣ֯һЩϹҲǸĻ㴺ôҲסԼ
һ·ǰУҪǾǰ̻¥ȻȴԼϵֻҪ¸ˣôȻҲǿٴεطذ½
Ȼʱ̻¥֮ڣĮؿǰĴʵڶƬ֮ǴԼǲµϢ֮󣬴΢һ
ǣҲ׷˰ɡ
صٶǳֳһ貵ɫâƬ֮һƬռʱ䷨ҲǶȻʧ
û˴ݵʱ䷨ԭӰһУҲǾعԭ
ͺ봺壬ʱȴٶȻָǰģʱ䷨Ŀ֮ǿ֮С
죡ôĵӣȻǸҶҳ֣ڴ쳷˿ռ䷨֮⣬Ҳŭŵơ
֮֯У˵ͬߣʥʥŮҲǲòͷһΣȴΥΪȻŴ֣Ǵ֮֯ڣǴʦҲס
飬ڵȼɭϵ֯棬Ǳ֮
ҲΪˣǲֵӵ˭ȻֵôΪðգܴһԭ򣬾ǴʼɷƣΪδޣȻһ˵ΪδޣȴΪһǲһеʱ򣬿õǺεȵŭ
ȴɫ˿ûκα仯֮ϵɫâҲ𽥵ɢʱ𽥵ػָԭȵģֻȥɫࡣ
ȻνĽ⿪ӡҲǲʮȫʮ״̬ͲǺܺá


2508 ٣
Ǿҵ£ֲܡ쵭Ƴһ۴Ҳҡҡͷ浽ȢҵĻֻ˵̫ƾ㣿
ĻԵķɫһȷνĻ£Ͳ޳ɣʦӦôǳء
ááá
ŭЦָŴЦһֲҹܣҾͰɵŹ£㻹ҶҶ֣Ϊص֮ڣʦҲס㣡
ʱνһ㣬ԭΪͷȻȴǿʱһ̲ɫƺǸڣиŭѡ
Ȼڴʱ̻¥棬ȴǶȻشһΪϢ
ϢΪ£˲ס̻¥´ʹ˵ɫ͵һ䣬ΪǺһϢԴ˭
ͬʵ˶ɫ˱仯¶һ𾴵ɫǼҪֵˣżͷһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬰Ϣ˲ʧʹȴظоϢˣѾǵߡ
ݼʦ
ݼߡ
ʹʱ˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҲǱù
ݼߣ
ʵ˽ǵȹڵϣǴȥõò˶ĿɿڴһȺĴڣʱȴǶű¹⵽Ҫжݲܹ
Ƭ֮󣬿ռһϸ΢һģٻӰǳ˴ʹ˵ԱߣٻӰʵ壬һģ˿͸ʵò
ô£
һΪȻһģдȻֵʱҲǲ˴ʹϸǽ⿪˷ӡȻõ˶ǽ⿪ӡ飬²򵥵ȥ
첻˵ԱߵĴȴǰͲסˣЦɲǴĺôȻֱӶҶ֣ó֮󣬸ǲһҶҪԸ
ĬƳһ۴ȴǼΪмôܹΪ֯ʥӣֱǿЦ֮
죬ô£
ԣصŮӰƺҲֲãģ壬ÿһ֯˶־ٶɾƻء
ûʲô˵ġҡҡͷĽͣΪмͬʱҲǲ룬ΪѷƸǣ档
ţ
ôôͣŮӵȻҲǸΪزãΪ֪죬ԼͽܣӦò
ΨһĿܣǾ²Ǵ˵ô򵥣п϶һЩ顣
˵ʲô£Ҽǵ㲻յʵĴţ˵Ю˴ô
ڣҲǴҪʸΪ˵ͽܣĲΪ´죬ΪĻ
ģȷҸʱ򣬿һصӣҿƴƺ˵ǰ㣬ȻҿӿɣҪһ£˭֪ҪߣҾ׼֣ȴΪֱӵضҳ֣ǿó֮󡣡
ô˵ƺܼ򵥣ʵȴǰǷôô˵ҲǵҡͷЦҪǼֱҪֱնɱƣֻûѡ
Ƥ湻ģֻѻҲ˵
ԱЦעŴǷ̣ڿԽԽˣ⻹Ǹô
㡭ѵ˵ôɫŭԴǵĲ֪ΪΣ¶һֵӵ˼
ѵ˵ô˿ǲá
ˣ죬ֱӸǸ˭
ʱصŮӰ˵Ҳǽüͷ±ǻ˻ֹ֣˵˶֯ʥʥŮʱȴ֣ȥֱǶ
ǣȴҡҡͷĬƺǲϰѷƵ˵Լʦ׷ʡ
£Ůӿ̬Ҳ΢΢˼һ£ǵصûв´ĻǸӦþǷưɡ
ԣ콿Ȼһû뵽Լʦȷ׵֪ǷƣҲǸһĨҡ
ķչԶԶسϣڼûа취ˣ
Ҳ²ĲȷǷƣû뵽ȻٴγˡŮӿ㷴ӦҲǵص


2509 ޷
Լʦ̬ĬΪ֪⼸ûпˣǰ¿Ҳ
йϵ˿ǲ࣬Ǹ֮⣬һ벻Ůӵص˴ɫѾȷˣղֵӣǷƣ
ûʱҲûټ´΢΢һΣ
ƣëͷСӣڻΣһ㲻ùˣ
ԱߵĴʱѾ߳ŭǲܻŮӵĴڣһֻɫŴ죬һξŮҪƫ̻ҲǾ޿ܡ
֮֯һֱڣľϵĵȼƶȣߣҲ޷ıЩ涨
Ůӵؿһ۴֮Ȼһ㲻ãô˵ڴȷǶŴˣӵ黻ˣǱɵ³
Ǵͽܣ϶ǲϣܵʲô
죬ߣʲôԭģ˵ɣĻҪܵͬҲܵ֯׷ɱ
ŮӴʱŴ죬ϣܹ鶼Ǹ˵Ͼδ첻ϵĻʱòԶԴ֡
΢΢üͷ˿ǰŮ˵Ļһ¶˾ǾܹģȻ÷˶ܵ֯׷ɱĻҲǷǳ֮ھΡ
ǰ޷ôֳĬ
п֪а䡣
ĬƬ̣ǿڵѾֲˣΪԼΪ˷ƵΣҲֻǰԼ²⵽˵
Ȼȴǲ֪˵ʱ򣬽Ǹƴ鷳
˵ʲô
£Ŵ仰˵֮˵ɫǶȻסˣа򵥵ĸ֣֯ÿһ˵޷
ŮӴʱҲ΢΢쳣޷ƽɫȻضŴ죬ص죬˵Ŀɵ棡
죬ôȻа鿪ЦԱ־ŭȻΪֻǴ쿪ѵĽڶѣ˭һĬĬСӶѣô֪а䣡
֯Դаʧ֮һֱѰ䣬Ȼʱ䣬ǿߵѰңû飬ȴǱܱ֪֮ȫǲܵ飡
ʥŮ˼¿ɲ˵ԱߵҲһҲصǣаһ棬ǻøӵز򵥡
ֻ˵֪ѣȷ
ȴɫƽؿˣԼʦǰصȻҲ֪ΪҪ̽֯Ǻϳңνв֮²ǵûз
ƾʲô˲²⣿
ŮӵҲǱüΪأ۶ɵʱҲǲϵʱ鼫Ϊزƽ
֪֯Ķٴ˵ŬһֱΪѰаŬԼˣаʧж꣬Ȼȴа䡣
һֿʼͲϵ׷Źа飬òʵʱȴһЩ飬Ҳֵûɡҡҡͷ֪Ҳ޷ټԾǰ鶼˵
ôܣԱȴܻصݺݵصһ۴죬ΪаóͿɻôûô򵥣
ұ죡ҪǿүүķϣھͿԷϵ㣡
ȻŮȴֱӵŴĻĺ촽֮дǼ䣬ռ䶼Ǿֹһ㣬ʵҲǶȻһǸܵõŮӵϴһ
ǵƣǼҪĻɽһ㣬ǴʱɫҲǶȻرò԰ףȻǸܵŮϵѹ
´ܻʱҲǲòͷȴǰһжǼУԹ޴죬Թ޷ƣ
˵
õô֮ŮҲٴô˵Ͼһ¿ɲǿЦģǣа
ûˣȻǴĵȴִҪ·ƣҪԷƶ֣˺¡Աȴҡҡͷ
ô˵֮󣬵˶ǿҪˣһвǺݣһӾǰ鶼ƻصϣǿ˵Ϊĳ֣ƻ£


2510 
ʱƳһ۴ȴЦѣѪˣڵζ㻹ʲô˵ġ
¶ʱǾصԭ㣬ͬʲôû˵ȴ֪˷п֪а䣡
ŮӳĬƬ֮ҲغһɨӶˣ̷ֱܲӸԪϽͰɣǷǶԴ
ᣬ֯һΪصĴڣͷʵĳϸ󣬲ͷһǣ֯ᣬǸո෴ӵо֯һȨ´ʦߣҲȫһ˵㣬һЩ»ҪǺڶԪ
Ȼ£ѾǴسŮӵԤϣһǣаҪԪ
ǷǶԴа˵ǾԵòôҪˣ֯ÿûʲôаΪҪ
ɫ࣬ȭͷһֱţԸղ֮һֱû˵ʲôˣȴѾŭ
һжΪǸƶ𣬶Ҳ֮м֣ΣƱ
ͷڴ֮ΪԼûб֮Լ㡣
Ʊ
ŮӵӰҲǻʧΪⲢı٣һ۶壬ʱôʹ춼ǷܲԪϽ͡
ʱԱɫҲǱ쳣࣬ΪҲν֮һ¿»˵
˵ģôɶ֯˵һΪ飬ԤϵõһȷˣԪ϶޷ٵǲϧһдҪѰҵа
෴һ֤ʵմ˵һУΪ˰ƿѵĻʱǴ죬Ƿƣܵ컹ǻᱻʥŮʸڷƣ¾Ҫܵ֯׷ɱ
֮ǲΣǸΪƵˣӣ̫ɡ
ʹĬĬؿŮӵʧҲޱƳһ۴һǻ˻֣ʵ뿪
ߣӣһڵģ
ŴȥıӰ޾ŭ𣬲ǷƣǴ벻к³
ʱڲϵؼٷеķƣȻǲ֪ȴǻεȵ鷳֯Ϊĳ֣𶯡
ʱѾԶ̻¥Ϊһ̻¥ǿ߸ϹôͻǱʮΣա
Ǹʲôʥӣ´ο㣬㻹ţ
һ߼ǰ֮ҲΪŭΪĴڣղǻ᲻ϧһУֱӵضȫľżǴ֮ӭսĻԼ޷ܴǴҲ޷ԼϾȫԴҲԱ֮
ǿۻǿһҪ취ؽ
֮ͷԴӽ֮֮ĽѾȫƣճŵЩǿߣѾظգ벽۶Ѿ㹻ݺˣۣҲǸոѣ
磬ǰ½û㲻ʲôǿߣǷӵǴ֮ҲһĴѰ졣
ڷƵҲֻһĿ꣬ʶ˵ĸӿܹΪ
Ȼ½ûгֹǿߣҲŹ½޷ģҲ˵ʶôĴڣҲ޷ͻ䣬ֻܹ
ȻˣǷƲаܾ֮ǰûгɾͰ벽۵ʱ򣬾˵ѾǱˣܹơ
ǽȴŬǧܹ飬ʱĽɾ˴ۣ
ҲˣмţֻҪȥͬҲǿԳΪ½һλҪ֪˶޷ɾԴ䣬ô½Ͳٱһȣ
֮Ը߸ϣΪĴڣȻȴƳɾһ죬Ʊػ磬˶֪½޷
һεѰҰ취磬ٵȥˡҲغһ


2511 
ڷѾǳ׵뿪̻¥ķΧķ򣬾ǰ塣
Ϊһ棬ԼʶӡһӡΨĲܹǴ򿪣˴򿪵ĻԱҷҲӦ
ȥô죬Ʋ²ţһӦҲǵĵУôֻҪԼԼĵطȥĻܹ˳ؿġ
Լõĵط帽һɽΪĻɽ
Ļɽֻһ޵ɽ統УɽûһҲкüǧ·ƱǼӿԼٶȣظϹȥ
ΪԼõʱ죬Ϊ֯Ѿǵ˺üˣ̻¥ڵĵطԶǷȫ̸·ҲҪķһʱ䡣
Ҳûжĵһ·Ҳûκε׷٣Ȼǲûʲô׷Ϲ˷Ҳһ
壬һ߸ߵظ¥֮ϣһŮӰڻϣңңؿԶķ羰ġ
ģڷ
ȻʱһԴļž
ĶȻػعˣһһ۵ӳǰߣĵɫҲ΢΢һЦףôˣ
߱ĵĸףҲķȵĹһ㣬ϵȨߣʵ廹˵㡣
ûʲôԴһ֮󣬸о˶Ǳ˺ܶࡣӿ죬ɫֳһĨ飬ԼŮǰٰ۰
ûʲôİһôһĨȣȴûнʲôϾɲ֪Ѿ½顣
ǺǣŮˣܵԼСܣҲ㣬·˳㿴һѡЦŵ
ǶҪȵĻʸ˫ôô㻹ôпաҲЦʵ
ʲôԸֲǲ֪οһ֮滥ѣӣܹʲô¡˵£Ҳҡҡͷ
ԼĶ磬ҲǿЦԼ磬СȴǳãΪȴϲŮɫһЩ̻֮ء
һ˵ˣΪ棬ҲʲôչƫƫһŹֵĴڣ̰ͼŮɫΪҲǲһ棬Ҳŵŵġ
һҲǲᷴԣϾʸ˫ò֮ޣҲ֪˵ƽ޹ʵضһޣ˻ء
ףôһ죬ǣŵ棬ҲǱô
ͻȻĳĬһ£̧ͷʵ֮ҲЩΣңңؿԶĲ񷣬ʱʱŷݾͻȻԼĽЩܹɷȥ춼ͬһСֻǹۿ
ԼŮôʣȻҲһ㶣Ҳ˳Ĭ֮նȻرó

ӳ̾һҡҡͷĵ˵ҪõʲôͱҪһЩЩ²ôô
Լĸô˵ҲǿЦȷ˵ʥŮͷ㹻ӵкܶһӶﲻλӵ޾ԴǸҪǳʲôΪ֮һǾûɡ
ڻϣʥŮһŵҪû˿Ա⣬ţһС
һ㣬Ҳô
ˣôˣЩ鲻ģŵ˵Ҷ޷Ժĵ·ҡͷЦûʲôΪ飬ԼŮˣȴܹյġ
û£Ҿ̾ѣҶסЦЦȻЦݺǣǿӵȥæɣٴһ¡
ţҾˣ֮󣬾ӭȢʸ˫ˣʱôƯһ㣬˼Ҷ˵ʸ˫޹ھ磬ҵˣֻҼŮܹƺš
ҲǹһЦڿûʲô̬֮ҲתȥϾһ컹̫Ҫæ
ԼȥıӰЦ𽥵̣𽥵رޱ飬תԶһ򣬺ȻĻɽڵĵط
ƣ㵽ô
һּǲŵϸĺ촽֮д


2512 
ʱѾ𽥵ؿķԲطò˵ڻûʽ巶ΧƾѾܹܶĵس֡
壬ΪһϴУӵżΪֲĵ̣Ϊͷ֮һڵλãûһ㣬һЩΪصĵط
෴֮Խ壬ΪڵĵطһƬ಻ɽУΪɽɽ棬һһɽ壬ÿһɽ嶼Ǵ۾ϵǿӵС
棬һȤǾͻ˴۾֮󣬾ͿǷսһɽѡһȻɽǿ߷սֻҪӮˣһɽķ
ֻгΪ˷ܹϾôҲǴ۾ϵĴڣʸս
ңңؿԶɽһɽƣ񹤣Ϊ֮̾ɽܣȴǽһųǣΪǡ
ǵķΧΪȴ˴󲿷ֵͨӵס֮⣬һЩǿߡ
ʱƾվǵĲԶھԼʱ仹죬Ҳ˵Ƶ죬ȻǰȥĻɽĻ档
ʼ򣬷Ʊֱӵؽ֮УΪģƵòٴθı䣬οȥòΪᣬֻһͷȻİɫͷ޷ı䣬һ㵹÷еգҲ⵽ô£Ҳֻա
֮ķƣҲ赣Ƿ֯ߣᷢԼĴڡ
ط֮أô˵֯ȻһЩڣǵ̻֮أڷݶ֪֯ķʽһ㶼һЩ֮̾أһҲռܶ鱨ǲױ˲õ
ˣڽ֮ҲǿԵһ£Ȼǲϣ֮УȷŲٵ̻֮أкüطΪԣӦþ֯ķֲ
ҡҡͷڿ˿ûʲô׼ȥ֯鷳Ͼոǵ˴ȵˣ֪֯᲻ðһЩʲôֵ˳ʱĴɾΣࡣ
վǵУƿôҲǿЦѣƳǰƺһ俴ȥΪĽӦƿջĵط
ˣҸطŰɡҡҡͷ죬ҲֻǵС
£һ佨ǿһ佨֣̤¥ջ֣Ƶɫе¶˹Źֵɫ
̤¥ֵȷǺܰƺǲе֯˼
÷ƾֵǣ̤¥ڵλǺֵĵضΣ̤¥ƫƫûж˳룬һ÷ƸоΪֵĵط
ֵܣһ£̤¥ʲôطʱ򣬷Ҳֻסһ·ʵ
İɣ̤¥֪·˿ƵʣҲ¶һֹŹֵɫһ۾ǿ˷Ǹոǵġ
ֵãҴطģ·Žһ̤¥ֲҾ֪طǸʲôطѡ΢΢һЦ
Ҳˣǲ֪̤¥ҪҲ㰡Ҫ̤¥ķΧȻĻ˭ҲȲ㣡
·ȻҲǼΪ̤¥Ҳǿѹŷ˵
ţ£ԣ¶Źֵɫ̤¥ô֣ʲôͷ
̤¥˵屳ֵ֧ģܹסȥģ˴ϵǿߣ˸ûʸǿ˵ǲġ·ĵصԼ˵Ļˡ
ԣ˫Ȼؽԭˣ̤¥֮㣬ȻͷСȻڱ֧֣Ҳû÷ƾþ㵣û壬ƾֵĻ֯ˡ
̤¥̤ɣⲻҪ֯ڽŵµ˼ô
̤¥Ҳ湻ȻҪ۲ܹסҲֵ٣ɻûмֹأǴ۾ǿ߲ܽ룬Щ벽ƵҪѪɡ
̤¥ſɲ򵥣Ǵ۾ǿ߲ܽ룬ֻҪǴ۾Ĵڣܹѽ룬˵˼ð·˿̤¥ɫη壬һЩĽ
Уֵллˣ֪ˡƶ·ҲΪرȭһ¡


2513 ־
ȻʱǸ·ȴǿŷƶȭл֮󣬱ֱӵν̤¥Ҳ˵
һûԼ˵Ļô̤¥ʲôطȻҪȥʶƣֱӵش˷Ƶļϡ
û˵ô̤¥ʲô˶ԽȥģǲҪô·ҲǾֵϸָŷǰǲԶһߣڵ̻ƺǱʲôΧ
ԽߣĻ̤¥Ļǻ֣ʱ˭ҲȲ㣡
Ʊ£ԭеƣô˵¾¶һЦõɫԭһԼ߽Ǹط
֪ˣ̤¥ҿԽȥĵƣ¶һɵЦݣֱӵ̤һߡ
ҵġǷô·˶ʱ¶̵ɫĪǴ۾ǿߣôһͷҲҡҡͷʲôЦأ۾ǿߣô洦ɼһǲ֪̤¥Ĺء
ʱΪƵľٶȻҲٵע̤¥ǿһأȴƫƫеУܶǿҪȥȴǱĻɵظϳ
Ҫ̤¥Ǵ۾Ǵ·
˭ףĪҪ̤¥
ˣɵҪֱӵؽ̤¥
ٺ٣˵˼һǴ۾ĴءҲֻص
ʲôЦأϢѹʥ׶ɣΪʱƵϢ˼޷õ١
кϷˣ׵ɵҪ̤¥¾ĻϳСס
һʱ֮䣬̤¥ǰҲ˲˵ĹעǶһϷŷƱһĻ
ȻҲǽڶУȴҡҡͷЩ˲Ѱ˶ѣôܹ͸أ
̤¥ľҪȥνĵطʲô֮
Ȼ÷˺ûԶڼ̤¥ƻֺĴ֮ʣȴǶȻͣٶס˽Ų

صҲǸܵһְѹ̤¥洫˲䷽ԲĲ˶Ǹоһţֺѵĸо
ߺˣȻԴ̤¥
һۻ̤¥洫ǾĪԱЩ֮Ҳ΢΢һΣɫüΪ԰ף˫
־
Ҳ˾ʧ˳̤¥УΪٵǿߣһֵǿߣǵҲźܲͷ־
ģȻ־ɵùˡ
ǰܱܲһȫʬһˡ
Ūû޾ʹ֮ܡ
һЩȻԭΪ־ԲбǵҲźܶηĶûһк³ģȫǱĥ
΢΢һЦҡҡͷû˵ۣ̤¥֮ڵѹŲû˿ı仯ǲϵǰȥ
ણ
ÿһ£ԱߵĲ˶ƵĽŲǵҲǱֽŲͬһ㣬֪ظһƵ
ѹѹʧˣ
Ҳ˲Ѱ֮ڷƵÿһ֮ЩıȽϽˣʱҲҲо־ǵȿµѹ
ף
£ֱ仯֮£̤¥֮ҲǴһƺǸоһ˿Ѱ
ûκɫ仯Ȼ֪̤¥Ǹν־ǺηʥȴܹͨԷԷλ۵ľ磬ǿȥ
ڷԤϵУΪǻĴڣƺԼˣȻǿߺܶ࣬Ҳû䵽ִײһ㣬洦ɼ
λۣңʲôЦءƵûκοǣԷΪԼôδ̫Цˡ
̤¥Ǵ۾ܽ룡
ȻʱٶǴһβͬһεƺǸӵؾд͸һŷһˡ
һΣͬռ䶼΢΢ЩۣȻЯ־ĲҪ˸һ
ûʸ̤¥Ͳ֪ôĪĵӶûУ
£Ҳͣס˲΢΢һЦ


2514 㻹ûǸʸ
£ŷƵ仰˵ȥ̤֮¥ķΧһӶһʧˡ
˶һֲ˼ŷƣͬ־ô
Ȼ˸־ǵûгֹ£ô˵־ӣĴۣҲδܹ˳̤¥
Ϊ̤¥۾һѣһǾ̤ͨ¥ǿߵܹͬ룡
̤¥Ŀ־Ҳ˵Ĵ۾ҲҪͨ־Ͽɣʸ񣬷Ļûп̤ܽ¥
񣬷ϵķ̣õ־ŭѣõ־֮ʣȻûκ飡
ΧʧҲǶʱ̤࣬¥־ѹҲ𽥵ؼ١
ԽְĸоõΧĲ˶оη壬־ŭǰװ
˶ԷͶȥͬȲ˵ǲĴ۾ǣҲǺ־Ҫ֪־Ϊ˿ȥҲһЩ۾Ĵڣ֪ߵغֱӵ̤¥ȴǵù־һ³
һң־̤¥ôˣ˭ǸҶô˵ǵһ
һ̺ŭһ㣬̤¥Ĳ˶ǸоĤۣ־ʱıŭˡ
ΪƵ̼õ־ŭ°һ֮ҲһӰֱӵش̤¥汩
ٶȼ죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿ˷ƵǰЯһֲֽƣ
һͶ֣־Ļɱ⣡·΢УڸܵŨҵɱ֮Ҳüͷν־׳ʲôģ
Ũüۣһµ˰̣ϰ˺ۣͰվǰ͸һԵѹơ
־һֱ֣ӵһȭҪĪļһһúõĽѵȻǸҷʵǻˣ
־ĹƣҲ΢΢̧ͷûκζֻһλ۶ѣҪ˲Ǽǲܵ顣
£˵ľע֮£ֶˣԼƣôԼǰƳȥȻ־ȭͷ
ôȻӲ־ȭͷ
ģһΪԼ޴ľٶеڣ־һܣΪǿᣬ˭ܹӲ
ڿһĻҲе㲻ĵر˫ۣǺȻû˿־ԿΪѹơ
Ƭ֮ûƴĲҽҲǻ˫ۣɻؿȥǱǾˡ
סˣƾȻֱӵؽһȭ
һĻ漣һطǰǿڵĿȻ˳֮£ֱǲ˼顣
ʱһƣֱӵ־ȭͷܹǣƵ岢ûгκ˲˫ͬڵһ־ٴҲ˿޷ҡ
˵ˣ־ԼʱҲʮֵؾ㵣ȻܹӲһȭȻһȦǶȫһĴ۾ҲǾԳܲס
޵ĹǲϵǿѾ㹻ǿˣڼ̤¥֮󣬵õ˸ָ㣬Ĳܽøӵؿ£һЩλ־ҲΪͷۡ
һĻȴǱƴˣԷֻһȭͷǽҿȥʮֵɣõ־ǲš
΢΢̧ͷվԼǰ־ҡҡͷͦ㻹ûʸҡ
£źĳ֣һɰʱԷڴݶˣԱĻû˭ȷƸӵؿ£
־ԣƵ΢΢һĨȵʱбǰвȻκηӦȴǶˡ
ûжһƵ˫ûκƶһס־ȭͷȴǺݺݵһӣ
Ϊ־ȭͷڷƵôһ֮£־ʱǸоһ޷ܵӴǣԼ壬ǰݺݵط˹ȥ
䣡
ڷƵԱ߲Զյ֮ϣ־صڵϣǳһ޿ӣ¶ʱ˶ޱȣ
־Ȼǰˣһ赭дرһӻɣôܣ
ȫŶǸֳһּžգžš


2515 赲
־Ȼˣһǰܵ䣬ֱ޷ţ
Ƶת־΢һĨȣѿȴǶҶɱ⡣
־վղһƲû̫شֻһֽɣͷųӴǸתƵԼȥ
ߣȻŵΪܹ̤¥»أ
־Ǻεˣô׵䣬ҲǶ˶ϵĳһŷƣһεѹʼ־嵱
ƺܿǷˣ־棬ȴǿʼֳһĨؽɫâЩɫâĳ֮˶һֽɫ֮Уܡ
ܽ־Ƕʵ
ûд־ĳܽһʩչǿȽǴﵽһޣͬ״ڵ޷
ҲŲ˱֪ڵ־ҪȫʵˣҲкܶԾ˺󣬸ڳ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ǣ̤¥ܾûзˣѸٵ֮ڴ˸ˡ
ǰȫһɫܵ־΢΢üͷȻ־ΪԼޱأǿȥνĲܽƺǺѲ
ȻҪȡ裬ҾͲ顣غһȻ˶۸ͷ̿ɾͲˡ
̤¥֮һɱңҲκκǰ־صʩչ˲ܽû˿η塣
á
־ô˵ҲǷſ֣ȻɱҲκκеʲô˼ɡ
ֻҪ̤¥ѣ־޹ʳǶԼɱģʵǲ
䣡
£ȳ֣ûаֱӵһ̤ŵ棬ʱضڴ˿̲һ¡
ʯмһ˲Ĺ򣬷Ƶʾһڵһر֮ռ䶼Ǵƿ
Ȼ־ǿڴʱƫƫ޷Ǵ֮ôҲǴ֮֮
ǿ᣿ұǿ
ƶһ˲䣬Ǹֳһ΢ľɫâת֮䣬ƵǱһصľɫĸ鲼ȫ
çİ壡
˲ʩչһ˫޴ĳȻشӷƵıʩչ״̬֮£Ƶٶȵõ˸˼ǻһӰѾ־ǰ
ڷƵͻȻ֣־Ҳ΢΢Ծһ£ΪַƵٶƺǱøˣ
ߣٶٿҲûã
־±ǵŭһ֮˱ԭسһ貵ĽɫâֱӵӲ˷ƣ
ȻпƴʱƺҲʩչĳطٶȵõ˼ȴΪٶٿҲûãʩչ˲ܽԼƳѹԵǲӮԼ
䣡
£˵Ӱʧһ㣬ڳҲһЩǿߣǵȴǸ͸Ƶٶȡ
ֻǿһɫӰʱʱ֣Ļзһͬ־ٶҲ˼£˿νǴѷѽ⡣
˽ֵͬʱǾǣ̤ͬ¥һЩǿҲǱˡ
ô£ѵ˸Ұ
̤¥һ¥棬һڻ绨ŮӣȴͻȻؽüͷԱ߿λһĿռʵ
Ƭ֮һطĿռȴǻسһ˿һȫںɫеҲǵȹµİǿҪ̤¥־ˡ
Ŷİǿߣǵˣ
ô˵ƺΪˣҲ¶֮ɫҲȤʵʲôʵ־Ǹçôˣ
¿͸
ӳһ£Ҳҡҡͷ˵־ҲǸ޷͸ƵΪ
Уر࣬Ȼ㶼͸¿ɺ档湫ӵҲ¶һ˷ܵɫŻòŮһ֮ҲЦŵߣǳȥİǿߣźεȹ֮Ҫ̤¥ɲô֮¡
֮ⷬ湫ӵӰȴǶȻֱʧûаʵǹúܣͬȹڵϵĺҲǻʧ


2516 һ
ʱ̤¥棬־֮սڳţҲǿҪֳʤˣΪʱ־ĶƺǻĹˡ

־һ֮ҲǶȻڲԶͣ£ͣشŴͬҲ¶εķƣ֮һĨɵɫ
ڸղŵĶУѾǺ֪ԼĲ˵Ķ֡
һ㣬Ը׾ٵж϶ôһʱ佻֮ڵѾĵòˣ۷ƣȴһеģǸûʲôӰһ
ΣɻҪ
ƿŲͣŴ־Ҳҡҡͷ־ȷǺܿ£ԼҲ΢ռϷѡ
ò˵־ôһŵǷƣǿûռݵˣô־Ͷڷƶԣ˿ûав
οĵû˭ԱȵùƣڷڣԴԴϵΧŷṩ㹻սȥ
˿ŵ˵־Ҫ̶֣ƾŰٷְٵİգܹڽʮ֮ڣ־׵ػܣ
ߣ
־һû˵ʲôƵǿȷǳϣ־ɶӣǵôǵǰϲĻôԺ־Ҳ֮ڲֵһˡ
ûʲôõɪģ־ŭһҲζȻһǱƻܣǻɱҲϼˣ
һ仰ôαءҡҡͷҲȻˣѰ·ɹֲˡ
Ƶ˲ʧԭأȻ־֪ôҲûбҪ飡
ԼĪزʱ־ڵѾǲˣνĲܽ¾ǳŲ˶ãʮ֮ڻ־ġ
£˵Ӱٴǲϵײһ𣬱ǿҵõ̤¥ǰһƬյض档
ھУ
ƶȻһӸղŵڣھУѾǿȷظо־ڵƿʼ𽥵½֣һ
ˣ
ռ俪ʼͣţһּΪµƵǼʧԭأһΣȴʧˡ
ţ
־ȻͣϵشŴɨӶܣΪַƵϢѾʧˣǲ
ͬأܵĲҲĿɿڴʲôطȻƾʧ
˰ɣ
ôܣƿȥҲõһռ䲨Ȼղȴûκε˾ֱӵʧ
ʱʼȺ𣬼û֪Ƶôʧġ
־ɲôΪûܣǽԼϢӶԼ޷ȵٴγ֮ʣ¾Ҫ׼ˣ
־ûκиҲ˫۲ϵɨӶܣҪͨռ䲨ѰҳƵӰȻһжͽ޹ġ
׵ظ֣ôֺαǽյС
Ƭ֮£Ȼ־͵̧ͷԼߵķеĶûκεسɣֱӵһȭ
Ȼһȭ˳ȥ֮ȴѹûа㷴Ӧ
ôûУղǸоõȻ֮£־ҲǾò˼飬ղǸоǸطЩŻǳ֣ȴ˸ա
ԴȻǲⰡ
ȻʱƵЦȴֱӵ־ı𣬶ʱ־˵ͬľͷһ㽩Ӳԭأӵɫǲ˼顣
Ϊڵķƣȴǳ󣬶оƵĺ󱳣һİڡ
˵ֻҪһͷԸĻô־¾ͻ̱ɱ
㡭
־ʱҲǲ֪˵ʲôˣֶʵ̫ˣȻԷôֵĶҲ˹ղǵǷԻѡ
־ȴһ㣬ֱӵϵˣڳ־һ˲䣬ĵľ轵ˣѡ֣Ҳǳɹˡ
ģҲɱ㣬ֻղɱ⣬һɲô׷Ź㡣΢΢
⣡ã־ﵱ±ǰвҪֱӵض㿪ȻȴǸᣬֱӵƳ
䣡
ʱ֮£־Ӧ˵ֱӵر˳ȥһαһηƶָΪ࣡


2517 ̤¥
Ȼ֮£־ֱӵڰ֮е£صڵϣǰһβһ㣬һΣ־Ҳûлվˡ
Ϊ־Ľ䣬ҲǶȻֱӵرһ죬һǲٵ߶ǸоֿµȻһ˲䡣
ֱӵγһ޿ӣ־صڵϣϵãЩѪ֡
һĻķ˶Ǿˣû뵽־ʱȴǱ׵ػһһУ
һﻹô־ǵ嶼ܲһ¡
ȺҲǴһ
־ģĪˣһȻĸɱ֣ɱ־̤¥Щ˿ɾͲ׵طŹˡ
־ǰ˵²Σ̤¥ǲ׷εô
һ찡ϲ֣Ū㻹ԣԱҲ˼Ц˵ֻˣĪĵ̤¥۸ô
˵Ļҡҡͷû˵ʲô֪ԼֵȣԲ־ڷõһ̵ļѡ
ڣҿʸ񣿡
Ƹ߸ߵڰ֮Уңңؿǵ벻Ҫվ־ҲΪϵ̫У޷֧ܹٴվ־Ȼ޷شƵ⡣
žžž
Ȼʱ򣬰̤¥ȴǶȻشһƵʱּžõĲ˶Ϊ֮ȡ
Ȼ˸ֽкãġʲôӰ
شʸ񡣡
һЦȴڷƵı𣬷΢΢һ㶣Ҳǻתʱ̤¥֮ڣȴһ۵˳
棬һۣҲƵӢ΢΢һüͷ֮ȴǶȻزһ־оΣյıܣǰֵ˿ܵв
ȻƾƵΪָܹо˲࣬𼶱ǴԲܹһЩλҲ޷÷˵ɫ
ң΢УضͻȻֵӣ֪ΪΣϣܵһϢϢһֱӵߣȴƶǿ͸
ˣԲǼ֮
ӵĳ֣ʱ̤¥ܱߵȺҲǴ˲һȻӵݲǿ˵ͷ
̤¥ֻʡ
ΪҪǣһݣǵĵڶӣֻʣҲΪһ㣬вŴԣ̤¥ı塣
˭
Ʋ֪ǰݣҲ΢΢üͷʵ֪ΪΣǰȻһֱǱһЦݣܵһϢȴõ÷ƺΪΪƿ͸
ٷڿ͸ĶһֱжԶܶԶ
˭
ڷƵʣ굹Ҳһ£Ȼ˲֪˭һ룬ҲȻˣǵһǵǿ߶ѡ
ҽֻʣ̤¥ҿġ
ֻʣ
ֵʱ岻΢΢һҲһֹŹֵǰֻʣ֣ĪǸʲôϵɣ
Ҫһ㣬ν̤¥Ȼģǰţ̤¥ı壬Ҳ˵ֻʿ֮еĵλ
ԭ̤¥ģ⵹׾ˣ
ҲغһĿǰ˵ǰֻʶԼû¶ʲô⣬һҲǵ¶һֱɫνֲЦˡ
̨֪ˣ壬˼Ҫ̤¥һλӭֻЦЦ֮Ҳǿʼ̽ǰˡ
ͻȻðǿߣòõֻʾһ¡
׸ʦѧգɽ룬Ҳرһݣ統УɽȷǴڣΪգһ˸ҿ
ŷô˵ֻɫҲ΢΢һȻǲ޴ôŷ˵Ļ˶ǼΪĬػ಻ơ
ֻʿӦǴûǣֻǽյһ̤¥£ԲҪ̽һȴǱ־˲Ǵ֣־ȴǲǰˡ
ֻ֪־֮Ȼ̤¥ڶǿߵвǺܶ⣬һܽҲǺǰķȴܹ׵ĵػ־һԼҪһֶβܹ


2518 ̸
ԣֻѾǰѷƵͬˣǷƴʱֳϢǴ۾ѣһ㲻ò˵ֻҲΪ˵ģȻһ۾Ϳ˷ƵʵΪ
ˣֻҲûκεӣܹƾŴ۾Ϊ־ҪôΪΪˣҪôǱɲ⡣
Ҫ֪統Уȴͷ֮⣬ӵǿߣÿʱܻǳһЩʾ֮ǼûͷʵĵҲܹһһߵ۷壬Ц¡
硭ͷ̸֮ɫа𣡶ˣͷһ㶼ȥ˵ʱ򻹻֮ϺãϾǴһǿߣȽף˭ȥ
ȻֻҲǱƵĻŪԺˣһӷֻʵУǳ˾˵ĵӣӡ
֪Ƶʵݣ֮ˣǰ½֮ʱ򣬲֪νǺε뷨
ûմֻʵͷ֮ãܲͲܹһЩĻԼ˵Ƕ˵Ҳδزһ¡
Ʒ㡣
΢΢һЦҲһϾǲֻܸʣԼ־ǷƣĻֻʲ֪Լ֣Ҳܻϳ֡
Ͼǰʱ䣬ڰ½гһ飬ںܶ˵ǲ֪ͷ˵Ѿˡ
ʱ¶ԼݣδǸԼһЩҪ鷳ȵģȻǰΪͨĻõȲ壬ǷƣԶԶûô򵥡
Ϊ˰ȫǲر¶Լݡ
ԭǺ֣ȻҲˣǲҴ̤¥һ£ΣֻʵҲֺǺǵصǰƷӻģ֮಻ʱֻһҪĳ嶯
һ΢΢¶Ϊѵɫû֮شӦ
Ŷֻڵʲôڣ˭ֽ̤¥ֻʿɫҲ΢΢һ㶡
ǡ΢΢һЦָǲԶ־λѾ˳ˣʱƵĻ¡һ֢ɡ
һ˵ĺģʵ־ڵֻǱϵأʵûº֣ô˵Ҫ̽һ£ֻǷĲ׷
׷ĻƵǾÿֻཻһ¶΢΢õɫ·Ƶ¾ת뿪٣Ҫסģ»Ϊѡ
ŷô˵ֻҲǹһЦҡҡͷЦ־ˣڣİɣ̤¥ûоȲˡ
ֻʱǻ˻֣Ʊǿֻʵıռ䣬ȷʵͻȻһһȫں֮µӰǳֶ
Ӱڳ֮ؿһ۷֮Ҳֱ־ȥһƣҲֻʵ˵ͷʾû⡣
ҽɣôܳʲô⡣ֻʻ˻֣ɫΪȻ
Ȼֻʶô˵ˣºӰֱӵش˲־ֱӵؽ̤¥Уֵʧ֮УƵȫⶼǱģ֪ԼһֵвоǴģӡ
֣λǣƼװ¶һֲԵɫ̽ѯһ
ף㲻ֻ֪һԴҲ˷Ʋ֮ˣЩҲǲ֪ҲЦŽԽ͵ӰӣרҵӰӡ
ֻʵش𣬵Ҳõ÷ԺѣӰӣô£ղνӰӾȻܹԼвĸоȻԷʮأǷȴɲõˡ
ܹΪˣǸ˵Ӱӣ뵽һ㣬ƶֻʵĿҲɵٶȸı䣬ӰӶ˵ǿᣬԼֻǿεȵĵز
ǲԻ֮أʵҴ۽硣ƲɵҡҡͷһЦ仰ǲ١
֣ԵǾҴ㿴ʲôش۽硣ŷô˵ֻȻҲʮֵظˡ
Цص˵ͷ˱˵ЦǾ߽̤֮¥С
ǿȫûõƾȻǽ̤¥ֻʵĴ֮£Ʋֻʵݣǲǲ֪
ֻʣĶӣ


2519 ̤¥İ
ȻƴʱȻǲֻ֪ʾҪŻʸ˫ˣҲǲֻ֪ʾĵĶ磬Ե˶ǲ֪˴˵ݡ
ֻʵĴ֮£ҲǽǵΪص̤¥ν̤¥ǵһֱڶ˵ûһȷİ汾ϾطΨ۾ǿߣܹ롣
֣ĸʱ̤¥ڲÿһȵᣬҾʹȥһ°ɡֻǰҲЦŵ
᣿΢΢¶ɻɫ̤¥ô᣿
ŶģΪ̤¥棬еǿ߶Ǵ۾֮ϵĴڣÿµĽ죬ͻᣬõڶǿ߽н˵ҪѰʲôģӦö̤¥ܹѰҵõֻʲؽ͵
ش𣬷ҲΪ죬̤¥ȻǱ򵥣ֻʵƺ̤¥滹ӵвٵǿߣ٣ȴ˵֪
Ȼ̤¥ڱΪ֧ţõһЩǿߵͬ
ͷȻǵֲ̿Ǵ˴ǰǣ·ƻǲ֪滹ôһӴȻЩǿֱ߲壬ؼǿΪ֮á
ڣԼؿʼ̤¥Ĵ壬Ҳǲòν̤¥ĴǸˣҲѰ֮
԰̤¥һ֯֯ûκιأҲκֻҪ㹻ʵǸӦĴۣ̤¥棬ԻһСֻҲǰЦŵ֮ΪԺɫ
Īǣ̤¥Ǹ´ģǰһʱҲǽԱߵֻϣĻ»Ҫ߿ֻˡ
²ţǼøҵһע⣬Ȼ뷨û뵽Ȼǳɹˡ
ֻʵ˵ͷɫ֮г԰̤¥νΪ֮һܹôǿ߾£һⱾҲһֶΡ
ԭˡƻȻ֮ȴǸΪؽ࣬ǰֻʣ²һˣܹһ̤¥Ȼ֧ţҪĻʵֶΣԱ֯Ǹ¾Ͳһȼġ
̤¥ĲЦЦ֮ΪżζֻʵȻҲˣֻЦЦûйĽ͡
Դǽ̤¥֮󣬳ǰһ¥ݣ¥Ʋ˲Ŀռ䲨Ҳ΢΢زһ¡
ڷƵĲԶռ両һĨȻ֮һӰƿնֱ֣ӵس¥֮ϣ֮Ҳ½ǿƿն֡
ע⵽һʱÿһǿֵ¥λöǲһеĸһ㣬е·һҲõ÷Ƹо졣
ôĪ㿴ʲôߣԱߵֻŷһһ¥ȥÿǿƿնԵʱ򣬿ֻʽǹص˵ͷ
¥ݿֲѰ֮ΪȶĿռ䲨ҡЩ˳ֵλãҲһɣ̽ԵصҲǿ͸¥ݵʲô£ֻʶظо¥֮ϣӵռ󷨡
ֹȻǴˣôܹһۿﲻƽģֻһˣŷƵĻشֻҲǹһЦҵ֪һ㡣
ϸʵÿһ¥涼һռ󷨣һֵıšֻƺǶԼΪԺҲϸظŷƽ͡
ֻʵ֮£ƵͷһǿˣȻÿһ¥棬һΪ΢Ŀռ󷨣󷨵Աߣһһֵ·ģؿ˺üʮ㣬Ʒ֣Щֵ·ģȻûһظġ
ֽһ
֮£ҲȤЩ¥ݵĲѰ֮ȴûа취ΪĶϾûʲôֶͨΡ
̤¥֮ǿߣǻһ£һ棬ÿһ¥Ŀռ󷨶Ű󶨹ϵֻҪ֮ڣͿʱ޿̻صһģ򵥵˵ǵÿһ˵ĴţȻԽ߲¥ݣľǸӵиӿµʵֻЦؽ
Ľ𣬷ƶʱ˹ⲻһȼƶô·̧ͷʱѾߵ¥ݵм䣬ǰԼĪʮ㣬˵ԼĪӽһٶ۾Ĵڣ


2520 𾪵ĵ
뵽һ㣬ľǳ𾪣һٶ۾֮ϵǿߣ̤¥Ȼǿֲ˹ڱ֧ţһҲδ̫ǿˣ
ڴ֮ǰ̤¥֮ڣǲ֪˿µĵ̡
ֻԱһֱעŷƵɫ仯¿ŷ¶ֵɫҲЦÿеˣһ¥ݣһһٶʮ㣬ÿһ㶼Ӧǿߣһǿ棬һЩȵǿߡ
ֻô˵ʱƱ˹Ҳһԭˣһٶʮ¥ݣûȫƲ²ӦҲһңȻһ棬һ֮еǿߣҲ˲Сˡ
ѵػһǿûУҲʵػһ壬սҵʱżǴӺ˵Ľ̸Ҳ֪ػһ壬һͷʵĴڣֻ˺֪
ţ֪ػһ壿
ֻҲ΢΢زܹ֪ػһģҲǼ򵥵ȥ
ƻعȴǰԼ˵©ˣͷһתҲ¶һɫʦ绹һػһĴڣſ˿ȺĴڡ
شν޷죬ֻŲɣҲûа취˵ֻȴ϶ˣͷǲ𣬻˵Ǹʦ־Ƿǳֻƹ˵ѡ
ֻҲûмڷϼ׷ȥҶǴˣƲ˵ôֻҲǲ׷ʣ˳ܹŷཻһ
ػһǿһǲش飬һ˵˶ֻ֪Ⱥ壬ػһҲ˿֪顣ֻʹһЦ
ֵ֮ͦеĵλҲǲɣ֮ȴʵֻ̽ʵݡ
ʵʣֻҪ֮󿴼ˣʱһ£һҲֻܹ֪ʵݡ
˵Ҹֻ΢΢һЦŷƲһȴûмԼݣϾһҲûа취أֻҪȥһֻ˭һ˻㡣
ֻʵĻش𣬷ƵȴǶȻؽӲһ£ܿͻָɫȻȥûκα仯ȴǷ˾κˡ
ôɰɣֻʾȻĶӣ˵ĵĸ磿
뵽һ㣬ҲǿЦãŪ˴죬ֻʾȻĵĸ磬֪ˣͲ鷳ˣͻȻ뵽һ㡣
ǰʸ˫ǸԼȾǰһһ⡭ⲻֻʰɣ
ԽԽпܣƴʱĿľǾޱˣҲǲÿѯʣΪʸ˫˵飬ֻͷʵ֪Ŀʳǻֻġ
Ҫ֪Ĵ𰸵Ψһ;Ǿȥѯġ
ЦҡҡͷҲֻǸ̾СȻֻʣùϵпŻʸ˫һˡ
ôˣ
£ԱߵֻҲǲʵŷƵɫ仯ӣҲŲ⡣
ûûʲôԭֻĶӣѹֻ˱죬ȻͻȮӣʵ·ҲѸٵػعԼв뷨׵غá
ⲻʲôֻҡҡͷҲǹһЦʱѾ𽥵ߵһ¥ݵ֮
վңңؿ·һ¥һٶʮ㣬νǺܸߣ·վ֮ҲһĪĸиš
߰ɣҴȥһ̤¥ֻʹһЦķƵļֻʵлسֳһɫâ
â𽥵ֻʵ˫ֻ֣ʵƱǰ޵ĿռֱӵػƬ֮ѿĿռγһС
ȻͨһطĿռ䴫͵㣬ԱҲ΢΢¶ɫôһ̤¥Ȼ˵̣һЩֶΣһ˸޷ɣͨ𣬿õ̤¥Ľ죬Ҳǻ˺ܶ๦
һٶ¥Ŀռ󷨣ԼǷǰռ䴫ͣͳһ˵ļʶ˵÷ĻҲ
ֻʵ룬Ҳ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ˱ֱӵ̤ǿռ֮С


2521 ҽ
ʱ˿̣̤ǿռеУҲ˲оһҡεĸоָоܿʧƬ֮󣬷ƷԼ˫ٴ̤ڵ֮ϡ
΢΢˫ӳеһ޴Ĺ㳡ͬ׵ĸ񶷳Χǲλ·Ϊĵطȴһ˸ɫâƽ̨
ڵλãȻˣңңվϷ·ټĵط̤̾¥¹Ȼ࣬Ȼܹôһط
𿴴ˣ߰ɣҴҸطϾῪʼˣ˵㻹Կһ׿ĶֻҲصһЦ
ԣƲƿʧЦҲҡҡͷֻһطʱطֵĹ㳡ҲԽԽࡣ
ÿһľУһ̤¥ǿ߶ǳ֣ԼʲôҪֻԼҪʲôǿܲӵУ֮нסֻҲǻؽ͵
ǲƵ˵ͷһľòǿ֮࣬ʱǷȱһƵҩƿҪһЩĶл
Ҫִ֪˵һཻĶǺ٣̤¥ͲһˣڶİӲʶǿ߲ϵһ㲻ò˵ֻʵĴȻǿõ
ҲҼǸãԱ߸ЩҲŪֻʹһЦ˵õʱɫ֮ҲΪżԺ
룬һǸ۵ŮͬҲ΢΢һЦĹȻһϻ۵Ůӣַܹó
ǱģҪҪҴȥãֻҲصһ仰ȴ÷һ
⡭ֱ֪˵ʲôãҪҪôã
Լ֮󣬾ĻɽԼǰһǹȥֱ顣
԰ҵҪһŮӵʲôͷۣȻֶܹ·ҲֱӵشӦ
Уû⣬֮Ҿʹȥҵáֻʵ˵ͷʵĻһԼС˼ܹͨԼŷƵĹϵ⵹Ҳδһ¡
ð㲻Ըģֲɫʲôģͨʶһ¡ֹֻ
ԱߵķҲЦȴǶȻؿֱȫ飬źܹܿġ
£ҲǸĶţ֪˴˵뷨˶ɵֻۣû뵽Ǵõע⡣
ʱųֵǿԽԽ࣬ƺֻҲֹͣ˽̸ΧҲ𽥵رðʱ򣬷ɨȫҲвϤס
ȵĹһˣʱȻҲǻ÷Ʋǣʱ־ĳ֣ӿֳһּɫ
ղԼ־֣ǿϼ죬ôһṦ򲻵ʱ䣬ȻǺתˣҿȥֻɫ԰࣬ḡѣûжơ
ŷƵע⣬־ȻҲǲ˷ƣ̧ͷһ۷Ƶĵطȴû˵ʲôƺΪΣæҸط
ôˣƵɫֻԱҲɻʵ
־Ӧ˵ôΪתͷеƵصԼʱյΪʱȴǳôһĻ
ޣ˵־ƣ£ֻʾ˹ڷƵɻҲǹһЦΪҽԵʡ
ҽ΢΢һ㶣ӳŵǸΪɫ
ǾҽͷҲܸʶһ£ȻǼһƢΪŹ֣ʱҶֻܶǰһʱҲָĳһ
£Ҳ˳ֻʵָ򿴹ȥһ۵ߣһһ˹ͿȥҲвˣ֮ЩµǿߣվҪȥ
Ȼȴ˿ûκˣֱӵػ˻֣Լһλ
ûһŹֵͷҽɲǿЦģֻҪʣһҲֻܹʼ
΢΢˫ûлشֻʵĻΪΪҽͷϲһּΪ΢ȻȴϤѡ
顭ѵһӵ飿üͷȴͷͬʱҲǼΪѹԼϢǸһ飬ֻҪԼһܹ׵ط֡


2522 
ҽͻȻ֣õ÷н࣬ںпҽӵһ飬ҲһֱҪѰҵĶ
ܹͬԷڵ΢ԷҲпܲõ
µȴǿҽûвڵ飬Ҳõ÷һ
£Ƶô̽һϼһʵ鰡а˵ܹø飬Ϊø죡
ͨĴ۾ڣҪڶʱѸٵ⼸ǲܵ飬ûʮʱȥУ޷
ǷƲһֱΪܹø飬ΪͻǸ֪ռеֻ֮һʲô龰
ˣʲôأῪʼˡʱֻҲԱķƵļõ÷ƻع
һ£ҲǻعˣҲһЦһƽ̨֮ϡ
ʱƽ̨֮ҲǳһۺɫɴȹŮӣĹǣվһѪڵĸо
̤¥ȻŮӣͲѰɡ΢΢һҲһЦ
ֺΪĺ֮һΪһһŮӣĹǣٺ١ֻһЦ¶һ㶮ɫ
ԣһ£ȴû뵽ֻʾȻְãĺ֪ǲٰ
ȻһͬˣҲѹһôĵ˴˵ĺ֪٣ƾͱ˵һƻҲżϵģŮӡ
ˣλʲôӣҲͲ˵ˣֱӵһĶ
ʱһۺɫɴȹŮҲǵؿڵҲǵ˵ͷŮӹȻǲ򵥣֮У̺һȻ֮⣬ⲢǶԷʩչֶΣ⣬ǲΪҲܹӵЧ
ʱŮҲƣԱߵĿռȴǻسֳһϸ΢Ҳһ첼Ķ֡
쾧̺һ֮ľʯλ˻ϵĻ˵Ч
ĳ֣Ҳǻؽ͵һ֮󣬶ʱ˲ǿߵעӣͬҲΪ졣
쾧ֶֻŹûмʶֶһ㶼ڼΪҽ۶ɵһ־ʯ̺żΪĻϵһϵǿߵõܹͻơ
Ҫ
ҲҪ
üϹ֣Ѿϵôʲô֡
ңҸͽòа
£ŷۺɫɴȹŮӹƷϢ֮󣬶ʱ·Ҳǿʼ˾ۣһʱ֮Ҳòɽӡ
ףͨĻʲôƵҲɻʵЩ˹Ǳ̬Ҫȴû˵۸ҲǺ
ǶﻻҪκͨҡֻҲǹһЦ͵ͺӵ쾧ǿߣ̤¥ȻҪĶ̤¥ǿҪôóֵȵĶ̤¥Ȼ˭óĶֵߣ͹˭ˡ
ֻͣҲǻȻԭˣҲǶĵ뷨Ϊܹİ취Ҳֻܹˡ
ȻټǶּǿ˵һõİ취ҡͷһЦҲǸ̾ΪĴڣڽǮƸѾûκ׷Ǹ׷ǿʵҪӵǿʵǾͨһЩŵر
ȷ̤¥ܹ֮ЩǿߣҲǸźܴĹϵֻԺһЦȻ̤¥ƾʲôõôǿһ𣬿ľԵʡ
쾧õһ۾ǿȥóĶΪõ̤¥쾧
ˣǵڶ֮ʯ
£ۺɫŮҲǼؽ˵ڶô˵ʱƶȤ֮أ
ܿ죬ڷۺɫŮӵԱ߿ռٴӳһֲƬ֮һԼĪǰ˸ߵʯǳ˵ߵС
õ÷ǣȴûܹõڳǿ¶ʲôȤ·Ҳ΢΢üһ׵ؾǿʯϵķġ
£ƻһһ㣬Ŀɿڴ
ʯķĺϤԼƺҲ˵ʯԲʲô֮صĶ


2523 һҪ
ָоõ÷ķЩһʯغһɨӶڳˣҲǷ֣ƺûж˶һʯȤ۵˶ûС
֣һʲôͷƴʱѹеļɫҲǻתֻʡ
ţֶȤֻʵ¾ǲؿһ۷ƣһʯѾ̤¥ʮˣȴһֱûо⾿ʲô䵽ʽĵزÿһᣬѯһ¶ѡ
ôһȤڳЩˣƺǶʯôðƳһ£û¶̫Ҫⶫͷ
ģһʯ̤¥һλǿɽѰҶʯΪķȫ˿õһЩϹŶоҲоʲôƲ⵽һʯ죬ͲڵġֻҡͷԵص
ԭˣ֪ҪõĻҪʲôƳһ£ҲѯʵϾҲǸеΪȤʵڲУõúоһ£˵ܹʲô
ȻȤ˿ûκõİֻһֵŷƣʯ̤¥ѾʽʮˣȴһͿĪǷ֪
ֻʵ񣬵·бǰֻ̫ˣȻϲ˵ʲôƺԼزһЩ飬Բġ
侲ЦЦʦϲоֶܹȥĻ˵Уܹһãʵǿ͸Ǿ˼ͼһӶѡ
ԭˡֻȻһЩһǿߣǵȷһЩֵİã˵Ҳ֡
ʯʲôֲĻҾֱӸˡΪܹ£ùϵֻʣҲǺܴ󷽵ص
ЦЦҡͷ޹»ǺܺãɣԵóһ̤ܲ¥нס
ǲĳ˵ôһʯͷѣ̸ʲôֻʾͲˣаҲǾúܡ
ȴɼԭûиֻʾǲŻʸ˫ǸһǵĻƵҲǺŶԷһЩϵǵĻȻʮֵؼˡ
£˼ֻ֣Ҳֻǰݣȴ뷨ֶҲ΢
ֻʻ˻֣һƣʱվƽ̨ϵķۺɫɴȹŮӱᣬֻƱǴѾҪʯ
ˣʯѾҪˣôǼһ
ۺɫɴȹŮӵشȫ±˲ٵĺ䶯еĲٵǿ߷׷վҪһµ˭ô޴Ҫ
ĸҪģСүҵҪ
ʯʮûҪˣȻҪ⵹ҲǴ۽簡
С֮󣬻ȥоͨҲǺڰɡ
£ǴȻЩҲֲֻ©ش˷ƵĶУЩ˵ķӦҡͷ¶һεɫ
糺С㣬ǣ˭Ҫȥˣ
Ҳűſֵ̬ѯʵۺɫɴȹŮӣɵһΪǺ֪⵽˭
Ϊ糺ŮӣҲЦһ治֪еӵĻҲȥһŶ

±ʮͶ˷ڵķ򣬲Ȼֻʵϡ
ףԱߵǸ˭
̤¥ģȴǽˣĪģ
£ܿ˲˷ƵĴڣȻڷƼΪİ˳ҲʱǸоʮֲ죬Ҫ֪̤¥ȥȥҲôһٶˣôȥˣ˴˶Ϥࡣ
Ȼȴ׳ˡ
ǿûô޴ֱӵعȥֻʣǲϵؽ˷ƵϣҽߣйһˣҲΪƵؽߡ
־ԶԶǷûԤϵõҲǿЦѣֻǾزѹԼڵϢΪڳõҽǸϼһԼڵϢѰǿɾͲˡ
֣ҪЩ˵˵£ֻҲǹһЦ÷Ʋý黳
ҡҡͷȴǸ̵Ⱥھ˵ɣоǿ޵ġ


2524 ̥
ȻɧҲǳƬ֮Ҳ𽥵ذϾȻܶҪ֪˭ǿʯйϵҲǺʶȤûм
ǵһΪĶλȤģҲܹ糺С㵭Ц
糺ƣ帽ĿռٶǳһĨһ鱻ɫ˿Ʒ֣˾ùǣɫ˿ķķӡ
֣Ҳס˺ƵɫҲ΢΢࣬Ȼǲ֪澿ʲôǱϵķӡȴǼΪز򵥡
һӡ£׷ӡʲô
û̥
糺СҲ𽥵ظ߰ɨӶڳǿߣ鿪
λ̥ⶫѾǲİˣһλϹأ˭óȡĶֵߣǾ͹˭
£糺С֮ȴǶȻسһѵõļž˵ǰɫ˿ӡŵĶ
Ƭ֮󣬱ȴֱֽ֣ӵرʾҪˣ
Ȼ˿ͷˣǿҲǻع׷żˣԱ̬Ҫһν̨һ¾ƵҲǱ
ȻȴһͷˮؿЩˣǰɫ˿ӡĶҲԻѣ⵽ʲôҪ֪ȻЩ۾ǿ߶ҪΪ˷ᣬһЩĴҲǲ
ֲ֪̥Աߵֻʿ˷¶ɫ¾˹ƻûмʶν̥
һ治̥ôЩ˶ڷ΢΢ƫͷɻؿֻʣԼǰȫû˵
ǺǣֹȻǲ֮ˣ̥Ϊӣ򵥵˵ǿô۾Ĵӵжһѣ˵Щ˻ǲô
ԣɫʱǴ䣬õô۾ǿ߶һ̥δ̫˰ɣȻֱǰδ֮¡
£ƱҲȤֻʹֵԸꡣ
ŷƸȤӣֻҲ΢΢һЦĵؽ͵ֶֹֻ̥ΣȻƵģȴûܹ֪̤¥õ̥Ҳ͸¶κιǸ˵Ϣ
̥֮Ǵͨһֲ˼鶫ֻҪ۾ǿ֮ںһ𣬼ǵڰֲ̥Լڣ̥ʮ֮ѸٵسɳȻǻûΪһģһĴڡ
һģһĴڣⲻʲôɡô˵ҲɻѵصֶƺǺֵãѵлʲô֮
һû˵ءֻʹһЦ̥֮ǣ˶Եеʱܵ˺ȫ̥ܣԼǿԺ˵Ļõô۾ϵĴڶһ
ԣƱ˹Ȼ֪Ϊʲô̥İֻ˵㣬ǵȷǺˡ
۾ϵǿߣܹõǶһĶȻǻᣬҲѹǶ¶ȷɫ
ô˼ĻҵҲԴи˵һ£͸Ȼǲܵ£ҪȡƷĴۿԼࡣֻԱ߿ɫҲЦŵ
Ͼ̥ΪϡУ֪̥Ҳһ½֮ϳֹΣΪÿһγ֣ǿΪ֮ᡣ
һγ̥˵ʵ̤¥ҲΪ𾪣һҲ˼ֻͣҲ޷ֶͳȥοͣҲδػܡ
˵ҪĻǾͷˡ΢΢üĬƬ֮ҲҡҡͷҪȵ¾
áֻЦҲǰֵܹͨĶܹϡֱƱһǿߴʲôˮƽ
ңҲ֪Ȼڳĺܶ˶ᣬ󲿷˶ֻǹжѣǲûǸȥȡ̥ĲǼ˶ѣҽ
ʱֻҪԼ˵һҪõҲǺܷѾ
ˣұֵ֣̥ΣҲףûӦļֵǾûбҪˡʱ糺С㿴ô壬ȻҲüͷ
Ȼôһ仰˵ȥ֮󣬱ʧ˲ϾҪģǺܶࡣ


2525 
Ͼ̥ⶫڴ۾ڵǿ˵ջ㹻֮ģõ÷Ƹоǣ̥ƺǶ𾳵ĴûЧΨǴۣĴڲܹӵС
֪֮󣬷ҲһϾ⣬𼶱ĴڲĻɾĻûжϣ
̥ⶫҲֻΣһεĳ֣Ҳõ̤¥ڶǿоȣȻ˵һˣȷòͬȼֵĶ֮һСˣǿҪȡ̥ĻҪĴۣҲܹǵĳܷΧ֮ڡ
Ȼһֵǿ߻ǱȽ٣һ㶼֮ڵһЩ̫ϳݴڣԷҪ̥»Ҫķһ㹦
ҲҪˡ
Ȼʱ򣬾Ƭ̵Ļ᳡Ҳȴ˽֣ˣȻҲΪϤǾȵ̫ϳϣһ
һˣԶҲЦѣϼһҸᣬһҪѿһ¡
ŹһԣǿҲ½½վԼ̬ȣϾ̥ⶫǶĴڣҲŲЧ
֣˼ҪĻʱ̬ˡ
ԱߣֻҲǿһ۳еǶŷƵ֮ҲҪ£Ƶû뵽
ͬҲǺʵһ취ܹóֵ̥ͬȵĶǱȻǻֻʶڷƵ۸ӵظࡣ
Ȼ̥֮ãҲȥҲ޷һЦϿŲٱһЩ½ѰҵõһЩǵ굤˳ѰҵģЩɶǼڵ޷Ѱģ˵óһΪ֮ᡣ
ҲǷƵĵȻĻ»ûжĵôһȺǿĴ̥
ң̥ã˵ܹ̥ĻҲһǳ£˵͵Ƕһ
ã֣ȻҲ˵㣬ֻҪڳûܹóӾмֵĶҾͿֱӵн赣˻뷨
ֻҲظҲΪ˴еĹǣϾôǿߣ˭Ҳǲ֪ԻóʲôףһΨ̤¥Ż֪ڳ뾺ɶͷ̫ϳϣǷ֣һº󻹵һ鷳Ϊƻ̤¥ˡ
ֻʵ֤ȻҲǿ԰ĵز뵽ⳡ׵Уºõκ鷳¡
ãȻ˵ˣҲԡƹһЦûаѻ˵̫ԲϾҲֻһ롣
ӵпµ̵ͷ̫ϳϣҲǽࡣ
ŷô˵ֻҲǵ˵ͷ̧ͷһ£糺С㵱Ҳǻ˵ͷ
ˣȷҪ뾺̥λǿߣǰǽóԵĶ̤¥ڳֵߵģǻһ̥
糺С㵱ҲǶ˵ųΪҵľۣҲΪΣҲֻôһ취
糺С֮ԹһΪ׵һЩǿߣǻվ𽥵ߵǰ棬õ÷ƲǣǸҽƺҲ˼ԥһ֮ҲҡҡλεվȻ橵ߵǰ档
Ҿȥˣʧһ¡ƼˣҲǶֻʱȭվҲֱӵߵǰ棬ŷƵ߶Ҳ˲˵ע⡣
ϾǰѾеĲע⵽˷ƵĴڣ¿ȻҲǲ뵽˲ٵ
ȻЩɫرԭ̬״̬£𾳵Ĵڽ٣ܹǷݣԹһԲĴڣֻҪԼ¶ԷҲǸ
ƴʱע⵽ˣ뾺̥İڣһŽӽʮˣҲΪȣҲ˵ʮ˼ȫǳͷĴڡ
糺С㿴˶ǵ֮󣬵һЦλֻҪǵĶǣԵƬ̣ͻֵʱ˭ĶֵߣȻܹ̥ߡ
̤¥ĹأҲ˺þãƽʱǺεȽףǰУǽȴƫƫ˲ˡ
Ļ˭óʲôҲǲ֪ʱ˿»˸о˵⻰ľȻǹһϼһ


2526 
ŹһĻ֮Ҳ𽥵ʧһ˵⻰ڻ̤¥ô
ʱֻ仰֮üͷҲ΢΢صϼһô
ֻͦʵȻⲢǵһŹһ򽻵ˡ
һ˵Цˣ̤¥·ֲ᲻֪糺СɫҲ΢΢Ӳ࣬仰ǻǿ߿˵ȥ¾ͻ̱ϳȥڹһݣֻҲΪΡ
ǺǣϷṳ̂¥·񡣡һϲĵһЦɨӶ뾺ʮϣֻһξ̥øóĶõҲǿ۽ʲôģһҲܹĹƽ
һ仰˵˵Ҳǵ˵ͷҲһǳĬһվǱ糺СҲǲ֪ԲˣֻǽͶֻʡ
Ͼֻʲ̤¥Щֻܹ
ϼһѿô
ֻҲǳס¼Ȼ̬չ糺ƲˣҲֵֻˣȻвϵظŹһϲģϻ¶ЦǺǵɫϾԷݰڷ
һϣ̤¥ĹشһʼˣܹƻģǾͲǽйˡֻʴʱ߹߱ߵ
޷˵㣬ģǻģһβ뾺̥ܹӹ͸һ㣬ǸӵظôŷôһֻҲǵص
ڹһ˵ֻеͷۣΪʱ֣Դӹһ˵⻰֮ڳĲǿ߾Ȼ¶Ĭɫɲһ¡
ǿӲ̬ȷϵĻǾõ̤¥һֲƽԺôһȺǿԼߣ
õĻӰǲС
ֻгһ£ҲЭˣò˵ͦģЩ棬֪öϾͶϣܹ
Ȼһ˵ĻǲӦǾδԵСˡֻҲɫƽصɨӹڳǿߣЩأǹأ޹زɷԲ²Ϊ
ֻʵͷˣȻǺð࣬һȷҲõòǿ߸ӵ̤¥
ǾñϼԶһΰɡֻҲǻ˻֣ʾ糺
糺С˵ͷȻȴеɻⱦ˭̤¥̤¥˱иҽиɣ
֣ⱦķܣ
Ƴſʱ䣬ҲƫͷŸոߵԼߵֻʵ
ɣ˵̤¥ϹŶˣΪƽƽΪóһɶõ˲ţʶ㣬һε̥ҲͨĹϵŪġ
ֻҲػش
ԣҲǵ˵ͷиͷʵĵ̣Ҳֻӵп̵ֲĴڣܹǾӪ̤¥ԼȻҲǲС
Ȼܿ죬һ۵ߣ俴ȥƺҽҪŮķ֮»߳
ɣͷһˡ
ĳֻ֣ҲЩɫǹض
û£ϹͷˣȻ£Ҳ÷һ¡
˵ֱȻûֱӵһ⻰ѾԼ˵һʶôƢڳĲȻҲϰΪˡ
˵ϼһͷ˹ͷȥû±šҽģȻҲʱá
ҽϲġҲһڣ˵Ĺϵƺͦġ
ˣ鲻࣬λԼеĶóȻñ˼ҼһֵߵģȻܹ̤¥нףһε̥糺С㵭Ц
糺С仰֮󣬳еնʱҲٶȱϾһǣ̥ѵһĶܹ֮Ķ϶Ҳǲȥһο¾Ǵ۽ˡ
ǣϽģϷ˯ʱ䣬ҪóöϷˡƢҲǺܻ𱬣ֱӵصһ仰֮п˹һ
һԴȴɫΪƽȻҲϵУʱȴǱ˳Ĭûʲô̬ʵǲ֪˲²⵽ʲô
֣ܲܺݺϲˤһӣͿıˡʱֻҲĵһ·Ƶļ
ֻʵĻȻҲ΢΢һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ


2527 ˵ǿ
ֻʲ˵ҲǾԲǹһϲɾܹ̥۵֣ڹһ̬Ȼڸˣڱصá
ʱ򣬷Ҳ˽⵽̤¥ƷһǾÿβ뻥۵ĶֻһǶһҲ÷һ
ڳĶʮǿߣ󲿷ֶǵ̲ǳȻվôóֵĶҲǲȥ
΢΢Ƭ֮Ҳ½ѰҵһеƷ֮һһΪϡ֮һȻƲ˵аٷְٵİգǻźܴĻᡣ
ǹͷƺҲ˫ֻأûǿһֱӵóԼΪĶɼҪȵ
һˡ
ŷ뷨˿ɻǲƹһҽЩڣƺżǾصȴš
ڣŵһó˷ҲӡͬҲȣֱĴڣϴͬҲǺ͹һһڰ½ġ
óһѪɫˮһĶżΪŨƣȻǷƷ
Ѫ񣡡
һãȻѪ񣡡
óĶǿҲŲģһ۾Ǳ϶óĶʲô
Ѫ񣬴Զǿ߾ѪһһʯĪĹЧ磬Ҳʵѵһ˲ò̾ͷļһǲһ
ѪƽʱѵһĶȻ׵ؾܹó
˵ľ̾ȵĹֱǿȻҲ¶һֵɫѪǺķٹŪ֣һֱûóΪ̥óع⡣
˵Ѫ̥֮ļֵʵԺֻ˵ǧ
һ£һǳôĶҲв΢΢ɫ¿ɲôˡ
ΣڳֻһȨȥ¶ۣǾǱɣ
Ѫĳ֣ɫûж仯ЦأһӼ䣬ѪҲǼ٣ּʶ֮
ɫƽߵǿߵǰϸöԼĪȭͷСѪ۲죬ʱƲˣڱɽӴѪʱһֵɫ֣ʵǹĺܡ
Ƭ֮󣬱ɲǻطѪޱصǺֻɲǺöУ
򵥵һ仰ֱӵطӵеѪ񣬵ֱǿסһ㣬ôܣѪļֵ̥£ôڱɿͲˣ
Ϊʲôе㲻Ѫжôغһ㲻˵ڳҲŲףȴΪֱӵط
԰ɴˣĪʲôŵ
һʱ֮䣬ҲһЩ𣬲˲һǣ뾺Ķʮǿߣɫ䣬ȴ͵֣˵㲻УǲУΪʲô
ԭǿѪĳ֣ҲǾˣűɵķ񶨣ҲһڿɻŻᡣ
ΪʲôɵһǸȵĹֱǿߣӲͲûָűˣѪȷѪֻ۶ɵԶǿѪҺͨѪҺǳſɱ¾ѪҺѪҺ۶ɵѪ˭ã˵㲻óӴҵô
ɵ仰һʱȫ˱ǻȻǿߵǱˣǱеģܼ򵥣Ѫ֣һѰǿߵľѪ۶ɣѪѪ񣬵ǻһ֣Ǿͨ޵ľѪ۶ɣѪǵ
ǿ˵һĸǿߣ֪ѪĻЩ̺ѪҺеĿ񱩵ȵȸͻ𽥵룬˭˵ɶһѡ
⡭ôܣ
űô˵ȵĹֱǿ߱ɫȻرò԰࣬һԼǲ֪Ļɾ㵹ùˣһ˶ˣ
ߣֶƭƭ˻У͸̤¥ҪɰһۣûصȻУҲǶȵûжĺøС
֣һҲΪо˼̤¥Ȼǿߣͷ֮еǿռݶ˵Ҳǿߡ
ƺ֮ҲǢ


2528 
ԱµĽۣȵǿȻǲٺ˼ڳУֻǻشǿѪȥˡ
һϴڣʮŸˣôһСȥˣҲǼؿʼһһؼЩӵеĶ
ò˵ЩмϣóһЩֵܹ̥Ķоɹʥˮһóһ
ǲȱҲ㹻ˣ
֪õı޷ȻֻǲȱҲܹõúܶη
ⲻУ
ʲôóˣ
ţǿԡ
ء
£Ҳֻбɵϵһ仰ϵ£Ƿһûл뾺ȥ
һʮŸ˵ҲǺܿͱɼˣڿɾͻֻʣ·ƺ͹һ˻ûó֮⣬ҲǸԱɼˡ
ʮŸóĶһϡ䣬˵ƶǴ۽ˣкüƽʱԼֻڹżԭܻڵУȴû뵽Щһĵ̿湻˵ģȻУ
ʲôǧѪ񾧣ȵЩֱһε̤¥һϡƷչᡣ
ʮ棬ܹͷϵֻˣһӵвȱһӵɹһ񾧡
ȱȻֵǸɹҲǴӹż˽õֶԶŵʱ򣬾ѾϡΪı仯ɹѾǼټ
ɹĹЧǣһɹܹȻ˵õ˸߲εΪģɹźܴϵ
ڳĲǿ˵ҲһջɹֻҪһлɹĻ¾ܹͻƾͷʱãϲЧ
ɹˣȻҽ
񾧣ĳ֣ҲǴش˷ƵϣΪ񾧣һȫ
һܹ̺Ķǿɽһ컯
˵񾧱̥Ҫⶫ˾ȻҲðֶóҲõڳĲ˾ɲѣǰѪһ֮ĲҲǣѾĲʲô⣬һóİɣ
⣬ͬҲǱɺˬظشˣ⣬ӵ񾧵һûа취ö񾧣ǵõУҲ֮
£˱ɵķڳǿҲȻˣĽʼɺ޵ʱҲɵöӵ񾧵ǿͶȥһֻɫ
ʲôӱ飬ӵܹøǿĶȴΪԵȵûа취ȥⲻò˵һЦ
ȻʱڳҲ˹һͷƵϣ뾺̥Ķʮ˵УҲΨֻˡ
һȻǲ˵ǲǳڳĲҲǼᶨЩ˵˭ǿܹó̤¥֮ˣǸȻǹһ
ҲŲ˶ԷƸеʮֺ棬ϳ˷ƸͲ̤¥ǿߣҲֻǵֻʲŻ֪
˵Ǹô
ʱڲԶֻ˫ֻأվԱߵľ糺С㣬ʱ糺СҲһ֮ɫŷƣʵǺףΪôѰһˣȴõԼҵ˹Ŀ࿴
ûȻҲ֪ΪʲôһǾãܹѹһǸϲģҲֻˡֻ΢΢
ϣˣһǸϲģԼݣβܹ˴һ磬δҲһ¡糺СҲǵ˵ͷȻǲô÷
ԼԱŮ뷨ֻȻǲ²õȻǰϣڷƵݣǾ֤ţƻһЩ֮һοܲڳƱһЩʲôġ
ʵڲУÿԼáֻûڲٵھ÷̫ˣܹѷȴڣ̤¥УǾһ£֪ԼҲˡ
ͷõ÷ƺֻ֪֪ǺεȿЦõɫ
ˣھʣˣʲôϽóϷۣ˵ˣóĶǲʸĻǿɾͳЦ
ʱ˼ҲƵ˷ƺ͹һ˵ǰ


2529 ָ
Ȼɵ仰ǶŹһ˭һǰû£õ̤¥ѿɫһ￴¹һǲ֪̤¥˭˵㡣
ǾɣҲ˷Ѵʱˣó֮ȻҲˡһʱȴվص
仰˵ÿ湻񣬲ǰǰʮҲǸˣ˵˷λʱ䣬һǰѷƸ׵һˡ
仰˼ȻǣֻҪһóôҲǲټ˷ѹˣһν̥ڱص֮⣡
ôĿһΪզģţĹһǧﰡҲЦһȷ̫ˣҪܹóʲô
ɣţ²֪ôһ΢΢һЦɫ֮žԵţɫȴõñɺֻжǸµǵһ£һĪǻʲô˲õĶ
΢΢üͷ͹һʶһ»źܴİգȻĻǲֳɫ
Ȼλǰô˵ˣ׳ˡ
ʱԱߵķҲǰͲסˣһɶ⣬Ȼҵ£ǲǼˡ
ŷ仰һڳĲҲǵЦ⣬̫ˣһ仰滹ιһĻ
֣Ȼˣôҽˣ
ڲԶֻҲԣ±һ֣ΪѾǿ˹һɫ𽥵ر࣬ǱʱǱôá
ëͷСӣðģ˵ʸ񣿡һɫ֮дŲɫ˷ƣԼ֮л̺Щɱ⡣
Թһѹɫ䣬ǵصɽСӶѣȻǱȲǰȣȻʶ٣ǴȴǾң˵󻰺ͷġ
һֱ˿ǲӹһԼرһһ˶磬㻹ԳʲôǰʵǿЦ
һλСҼĹ˵ȵ̫ϳϣɱˣ̤¥
ʱҽҲǿȥˣΪǰһһҲǸˣͲˬˣҲؿһ۹һ
˵һϻ˵ôˣʲô͸ϽóɣϹͷɲ֪ôڡ
ʱҲǲ̲صҽͱ˵ֱõùһɫԽԽ࣬ŭ˾Ǻϻİɣ
ߣǺģϷǿʲôǽ
ƺִ֪ȥҲǶԼûκκôĹһʱҲŭЦݺݵصһ۷֮󣬱ǿʼ׼ԼĶó
ҵšҲǺߺߵص
ʱҲɫ΢΢رأһϼһܹóʲôʵҲʮֺ档
ʱȫ˶ס˺ǰ˹һϣһôߵ̥һڱصõɫôóĶΪغ˵ܹڳܹѹȥ
ƺע⵽ڳעӣһɫҲ𽥵سЩ֮ɫ۽Ƴ̥ҲǸһĨȣ̥һҪŪ֣
Ƭ֮󣬹һƣʱ֮еĿռ仺سֳЩһĨžɫӫĶǳ˵ǰ
ĳ֮󣬵ڳĲ˱ǶȻظоһɰѹ˲ⷽأѹ֮ǿõòǿ߶ɫ䣡

ģȻǵʲô
£ʧڳˣߣȻܹظܵѹʲôȼĴڡ
Ȼ
ΪҫԼеĶһ㣬һҲǿԵش߶һⶫѹ֮󣬱ǻǿϵҲǸһĨɫȻڳλķӦ⡣
Σһ̥
һؿǰһصıɣĪһֿУȻ۽ƳһɫķƣﲻɵЦСӣȻҲԼǼֱǲ֪
ָǣȻĹͷ
Ҳǲŵϳ˹һеĶһλָȻһعͷҲ̺Īѹ
űɵȫʱǲһּžһȻóָǣҪ֪һλһĴڣҲǾԲκ¡


2530 һָ
ŹһóָڳһɰѹѹԴָ֮ϣһĻõ÷ƺǾ㵣ΪһָǶѣôӵǿѹ
ԣⲻһָǣǰµӡ
ϸƬ֮󣬱ɫǶȻط˱仯ΪѾԼؿһָǵĲѰ֮
ߣ㻹е۹⣬ǹָǣ̺µӡп̺ĴУǺεȵϡУͲҪҶ˵˰ɡ
һܵЧˣҲһЦɫ
ʱȫ˵ҲǱ˵ĺܶ඼Ǵ۾Ĵڣֻһֲ̤¥ûдڹ
𣬽֣㹻õڳܶ˶Ϊ֮̾Ҵӹһе֪һָǣǹ
紳ºպǿڣͷʵǿߣ˵ǳΪ֯ĻȻһҲǾݴѣ֯ҲǴûгϹ
ңΪѾǵһɲľ磬˵Ϊ˳ߵľ磬ĨɱҲ˵ķӶ߻ħð˰ħΪ˲Ѿ˶ϡ
Ӵ֮󣬱Ҳûй˳֣Ĵ˵ȴһֱڡ
һеָǣ滹ӡŵ˵пĴУΪǣ̤¥Ƕڳλ˵ɶһջ
ΪһӵһָǣôͺпܻĴУ˵ܹͨһָǣӶһλ
ȻеţҲǲǲ֮¡
£һָǵĳ֣õֻʵˣΪݹȫҲû˭óĶŹһóһֹǲ硣
Ҳ˵󽫻ǹһܹ̤¥̥ʸ
Ȼվ̤¥˵ϣܹõָǣֻʵȴǼΪһԵĻǲŹһнס
ǣ»ϣô
ʱֻʽ˷Ƶϣü֮Ҳǳ֮ɫȻǰԷźܴģǴʱڹһóָ֮ıǺȻ
ǸƷ㣬ŤתǬʱ糺СҲԱߵȻ⻰ȴʵ
ֻսȭͷغһҲҡҡͷʵڲУͰ̥ɣȻϲף̤¥Ĺأơ
仰гΣȻһܹóֶҲǳǵ
ֻڵĵˣǲ϶ѾǳˣڷܹóʲôѾĵģǿɲΪܹ쵽óָǲĴڡ
ϸƬ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷȷһָǲûдʲô⣬ҲΪεʼڽȻɼҽóĶҲزϡ
ΨһܹᲢ۵ľһѲȱǰȱ̶̫УֵҲԶԶ޷ȡ
㶼ͷˣôǿԴҾӵн̥ʸ񣿡
ɵĵͷһҲǹһЦϲ̤¥һߵĴڳԿͺڣسһưͿ
óĶȷָǣҲڹģȴһЩŵ۹ⶾ籦Ҳǿ
һ㣬ΨԼ֪ȻһָôĻһɵҲǻŸԼãôó̤¥ס
ǹһļıҪֻʵˣһһǣȵպֻʲһָʱ򣬶֪ʲôʱˡ
뵽һʱ򣬹һǾѾ΢΢⿴Щļһ¶ɫоĪس졣
ͬʱһ̥ڵĵط֮ҲԼ¶һȣԼˣֻҪԼ͵űֶΣпܳ𾳣
Ǹʱһʲôɾµģ
ֻͶȥѯô죬Ҳ̾˿Ҳεص˵ͷɿһĻҲһĨΣ˻ֵȻˣôҾһ̥Ľʸǡ
ţһûóأôˣòе㲻Ϲذɡ
ʱһֱֳĬķȴǵصֱӵش˱ɵĻȻҲһȴȫ˵ĺ䶯
Ҫ룿ʲôЦҪô


2531 
£ŷ仰µʱҲŲ˶ԷͶȥһֿɵһ˼ҹһóֶ㲻һСӣĪǻóʲôָǻϡĴô
Ǽֱǲܣ
Ѱ˵Թһóָȶ֮ǷƣǺԾسĬΪóʲôҲȲϣǼֱȡѡ
㿴⡭
ڷ˵֮糺СҲǳһ£˷һۣǽֻʵϣ¾Ȼַˣһɶ֪ˡ
ֻʴʱĬ°ͣƬ֮ǵƷҵĸоһֱǺأҲһ³ç֮ˣôӦĵ
˵ܹóŹһָȵĶ
糺СҲǾȵסԼ촽е޷ˣǻһˣͷǿߣ˵ţԷôһֳ֪СӣȻе˵λˡ
ˣȻ˼֣ǾҵҲ뿴Ʒ㻹ܹڳʲôġ
һ£ֻҲЦҲǶűɵ˵ͷʾ÷Ƽͬʱ֮ҲԼظһĨڴ
Ȼڴȥôʵ
ãȻ㻹ҪͰѶóɣϷҲʱ䣬ںһСӿɲҪϷʧ˰
ҲЦеؿŷƵ֮ҲǼ临ӵɫʮϣܹת־ƣʵȴǸеͷˡ
Ƶ˵ͷżǽ߷ڹһеһָǣϸع۲á
һüͷҲЦôСӣʲôóֻҪ㲻¶۵Ļ
ڷƣһȻûϳȴʶһΪȥһƺǺֻһģô˵ĻȻҲˣȻİ
ָǵһЩ⣬һŵƾôһСӣǲܹóģֻҪûܹôڳļûһܹ
֮ǰҵиɻҽһ¡
ЦЦżóԼĶǶŹһʵɫ֮ҲһһоڰиоһǱúˡ
Էʣڳ˶ʱ΢΢üͷôѵɵ۹ⶼǲô
Ҫ֪̤¥棬ɱɲ˵һģҲõòΪϲ
Ҳǲãȴûб¶ΪøֻʣڵҪһƵ׻뵷Ūʲôó
ɫһиµһ£ѵǷƿһ˿Ѱټ˵ǲܰɶǿ˵ˡ
ߣʰɣĵóһ㣡
뵽һ㣬¹һҲЦӳţɲŷܹЩѰ
ָǣȻڹģӡôΪԼȥأ΢΢һЦҲǼװʵ
ŷʣڳ̤¥˶ǶȻЦô׳յ⣬ҲķܹʵóⲻܼôϤͣ϶޷һС֪飬ȴʡ
ֱǳΪڳЦȴǶЩЦûڣһƽɫŹһȴĽ͡
һغһԭǿʲôãȴû뵽ôһԵ⣬Ҳֱӵص⻹ôȵķڹԵǵõָǣҲ޷еİȻϡ˵ȴûжô
һش𣬿˵Ǻɶǵ˵ͷΪʵȷͬһ˵ǹ϶ûа취ָǡ
˵ѣ
£Ʊֱӵط̶̵֣ȴõԱߵıɶһ
Сӣ֪ڸ˭˵ô
£һɫǱ⼸ǵڱָűˣ˵ȵ̫ϳϣܹ飿
˭һСӶѣҲָ
û˵ѣԼָʲô⣬ҲǺĪҪȫ˵·ҲһĨЦݡ
ʱ仰ٴνȫʲô˼Īָʲôɸ˵ܣǱȴǹˣָȫûⰡ
ֻڲԶҲ΢΢ؽüͷ̬ƺǳԤϡ


2532 ҿô
ŷƵⷬ˵ģȫѾǱˣǲŹһһűɵ۹⣡
һ˭ȵ̫ϳϣλҲһܹȵġ
ɣӲ˵ˣ̤¥棬һ˲мӣ˵ǺҽƽƽĴڣֻʣҲøӡ
һ£̶̵һ仰ȴǰ˶ǵô˵ǰ
ôĵӣΪʲôطݵҰһŭޱȣݺݵصŷƣôǰɣûʲôĻһ㡣
ʵһָǣֵȷǴһЩɸ˵ܣҪȻԹһӣǴһеضԷƶˡ
Աɫ˲֪ʲôԲ²õǣʱ϶ʮֲãǿϣ÷ôһͷָֻš
ʱ򣬷ز˹һɫ仯Ҳ˼ֶᣬչһǵŵԸ񣬶Լ˵ˣȻѡ̣ôͿ˵һָ⣡
ʱֻҲסˣϾѾǷֵزǻԹۣǿɾе˵ȥˡ
ֻʳ棬ҲΪ֣Ϊֱ̫ΪˣʱֻѾǰ÷Ƹһһѿˣ⵽󣬻Լѿ
ֻʣǳˣİɣ˵νֻʳֵʱ򣬹һҲص
Ҵ÷򰡣˭ȥֻҲΣƳһ۹һ֮󣬱ǽ䵽˷Ƶϣʵаգ
Ƶ˵ͷ֤˳ɡ
仰һһɫҲ΢Īǿ͸һָǵܣ⼸ǲܵ£ɶ͸
ǿɫһҲʮֵظӣʱҪջһָҲǼˣΪһջأǾʹţָ⣬飬ôܹܡ
ãȻ㶼ô˵ˣҲһΣֻʳһ£Ҳҧ֪־ٶʮ³ç˵˱ɻйһ
ƿֻʾȻǵͷͬ⣬ҲΪȣֻʵķ࣬һȣͲһ˿ӵеġ
ǰҵһλѣȻô˵ˣǾԡֻҲӲͷƤűɵϾĻ˵ڣڱҲһֲ𾴡
ɳĬһ£Ҳغһ˻ֵˣȻҪһ£ɣҲϹͷĺǲǶ
仰ѾΪãֻҲεӺԣѰ˼º˼ɡ
һǰȻλѶӵеָһЩʣҲԵùƽжϴұȻǴ
ֻڶű˵֮ҲתŹһȴǱ࣬ȻȥǿͿʵȴǲһ˵֡
ֻһ仰Ҳǰѹһĺ·ˣǶǰһõ̤¥ѿһ仰ƽȻҪƽҲҵġ
һ£һʱǱõˣ˵۹ⶼϣҡͷǿ϶ǲܣӦĻһСӿ˵ʲôǿͬ군
٣պһɾûж̤¥ˡ
ãҾ֪󱲷һأǿʲôɾͱϷ򲻿ˣ
Ѱ˼һһջЭˣȴǺݺݵصһ۷ƣǷųвĻֻ۾Сӣǿָǵˡ
ǿȻеˣʱƾáԱ߿Ļˣʱվص
ã˵ģһҧгݵص¾֪ʲôŽ
ȻǱôһСϷˣһҲΪŭѾѰ˼ĥˣȴûϵƶôаյ˵ˣǾʹţѾ߰˷ֵĿ϶ˡ
΢΢һЦڹһвûз̤¥һ𾳵ĴڣҲ޷ʲôˣ뿪̤¥֮󣬷ƸǲᵣһԼʲô˼
£ڳôǿ߶ʱҲӿһĨΪȤͷǵҪƵƾʲô˴󵨣ȻǸˣҪ֪ûʲôյĻ˵ŭ𣬿ɲһܹܵģֻʻ


2533 αָ
ƴʱǰű˼Ҳǹص˵ͷϾҲеѿˣžԵİա
ٶɫҲǻࡣ
һǰ鷳ָǽҾͿˡ̧ͷŹһ¶һֲõЦݣ֮о侲Ĺâ
ߣ㿴Ҳŵαȡ裡һҲһֱӵؽָ׷ɹȥ̵Уһ΢ظһЩԼͼ÷ѿһ¡
ϵǣȴܹȵؽһ׹ָǣһĻֻʵҲһ£ղŻ׼ֵģڿƺˡ
һصùȻģֻаһ֣˵һﻹܹڳʲô
෴һɫǱĪ࣬ȭͷ΢΢սΪ㵣ǰСƺô򵥰
ǰʹˣʱ趯ֶţһ˵ô죿
ڽסָ֮Ҳǻ̧ͷŹһЦʱȴûܹ֣վڵĵϣʱѾǳѺۣǷƵСҲ΢زһ¡
ղţһڳŰָ׹һ˲䣬ʩԼ÷ƽӶӲסҵǣҲӲؽסˡ
ߣ㻹ǵԼɡһҲŭص
Ц֤ضеһָǣرȴǿʼһָǣȷǶ겻ɢ𼶱ĴڣһָǣҲܹ̺ôµѹ겻ɢ
ȻƬ֮󣬷ȴǻ˫Ѿ֪һָǵĲѰ֮һЦ˹һǰ´οɲҪʲôˣΰ
ʲôѵĿһָǵĲѰ
£ƵһõڳĲ˶ǾʧǹһɫǾͱˣǳЩ˼顣
ɵɴ˫ۣкɻԼѾжϹˣһָĪѹǾԲģƵǿʲô
ŷɫֻԱȴǳһеһʯҲ£Ҫ֪ǰ·ƿʲôȴԼװ׵ĵǸˣȻһں˱ɣе˵ȥˡ
ëͷСӣ˵ʲôһ־ŭ±Ƕŷŭкһﻹǿʲô
΢΢˺˰벽еָǣЦǰҿΪðһٵָǱƭˣ˵ƭأ
ڷƵһ仰֮ȫǺ䶯ƵǿʲôһָѵǼٵô
ëͷСӣѵܵѹǼٵô
ǣҿҵģʲô
Ҳŭس˵仰Ȼ˵ڳ˶һָǵܣⲻǶô
΢΢ɨһۣЩ˵ˣ󲿷ֶȣҲ˼ֺоһָ档
ŷ־ٶ˶Ĳ⣬׽Ҫʲô
֡㣿ֻҲǲʵһ̷ƵĶȴǳ˵ԤϣΪȻֱӵеָǣ
ľٶ˶ǾÿЦָ̺飬ֱǳ˵λ
˶ŷƳһĻΪָǼ޷ݻٵģ̺ѹͬȵ֣ܹ֮ƻ
꣡
һ̣һϸ΢ȴǴõڳ˵ӱ鶼ˣ𽥵رþȣ֮ҲǳŲ˼飬޷ţ
ڳ֮УΨһɫʼò԰ףǾǹһû뵽ƻָǵĲѰ֮ɾͲŪˡ
ǳǵŵɫɿ֣ȴһĩƮɢһνָǣȴҲûˣΪѾȥˡ
Ҳ⵽ô£ֻʴʱѾǾˣǲ֪˵ʲôã˵õָǣûˣ
⵽ô£ʱǿ⵽ѵһָǣǲҪ֪ȿµĴڣ֮һëһعͷҲǼΪֲĴڣΨʱܹĥȴҪȴһΪ¡
ڣɶˣƵĹĩҲЦеؿŹһ


2534 ѿ
һɫò԰ףо˵һӱ˳һڻûа취ףƵôָǵĲԾҪ֪õ֮ҲŪ˺óһʱǷֲԾĵط
־ǿ߶ˣȻһ۾Ĵڿһ۾Ϳֱһ˼顣
ȫ˶һֳĬУĿɿڴؿŷеķĩƮ⡭ǿߵָǰȻôһ󣬾ˣ⻹ָô
ֻȷӦҲ֪ˣӿǸʰˣȴ͵֣ڿӣһ¾ǲô׵̨ˡ
֣ô£ֻʼװüͷҲʵ֮ȴһֻζ
ѯʣҪͨƵͣǿߣһӦ˵ʲôЩһ¶ǽһɾѿˡ
СӣǰϷһǱˡʱҲԱ°͵ɻǿˣȻûпָǵĶߡ
ƻһڳĲˣڹһϣЦһǰԼ˵أ˵أ
һɫ԰ףҲҡһ£ҲӦ˹ҧҲ˵ʲô
Ӳ̾ϢһҡҡͷӦúָǵһЩ飬ȴˣû˵˵Ķô
˵ָǷָǣô֪Ϊ϶㣬жʲôֽţһͷһҲǿʼѪ
һǰһ²Žǰ˲Ҫ޵УղҵĶҶǿôʲôȥֽţƿһܻģҲЦ㳹²̨
ߣԼҪ֪ղſȷָû⡣ӣһǳ׵صҧһڷˡ
˲ܣ˭Ҳ˵Ҳǿˡ
ʱ򣬱ȴԱ߷˷۵һһʱҪˮһõúãȴô˶
Ϊ˼ûзֶѣֻҪٸһʱ䣬Ҳܹ΢΢һЦµҲֱܹ⣬ܹһ˿ѰĲҲǱϲ
˵һɫüΪѿǴһ˿
ˣ֣Ҳˣô£˵°ɡʱֻԱҲǸϽԲȻҪһ¹һ²̨ҲҪ޶ȣһ˿ɾͲˡ
Ƶ˵ͷŹһһָǣȻ̺źǿȴչնɱ˵һָǣΪ̺ǿҵԲ񣡻Ϊǹġ
ŷͣ˶ٴʯû뵽Ȼôһֱǵͬںһ
Χ񣬷Ҳ֪˵ȥĻҲǲţҲҪ֪Թһ˵ǹָǣҲ˵޵ǹ򡣡
֪Ȼͬǲܹãȴһ㣬ַصǰݣҲ˵ķУΪʲô֮һΪղŹһǰ˵ˣͬԵķǲգһȷԹ˵ȴǲڡ
ڶҲǸܵƺе㲻ѰӣͺǱӲظȥڲ̺ô
ҲǵȵҰָõʱ򣬾͸ӵȷһָǵĲѰΪָͨȴ޷ɹ
ģָ̫ˣ΢һ£ͱһƬĩô
һֱӵĵʣӷƿвϵ˵ڣʱҲõڳǿ˳˼Уôϸһ룬Ҳȷͬ˵㡣
ǳɵ㣬±˵˹һϣȻָʹ⣬һǹõ˶Ϊһָǣ
⡭ֱһɺԣָǣʲôһûָŷƶݺݵصûȷе֤ݣֱ
ߣΪ˾û֪ƿһҪҲЦûƶϴĻⲻǵŹֵһλڵָǣǹ𣡡
̺֮ôǿҵĹâΪ£ֱӵؾǵһУ׵õùһѿ


2535 
ŷƵĽͣʵڳĲжòţΪȥ̫ˣԭǹָǣǹնɱ˵ָǣ
ŷƵƶϣһɫ֮ɫΪƶϵȫģһڵõָ֮󣬾þòо͸ȴûõ仹ĴڣȻһ۱ǿ
Ϊ˭ⲻƶ϶ѣ
ǣһȵ̫ϳϣô
ֱһɺԣ
ʱ򣬵ҲŲٵǿ߿ˣ¾վΪһϴɣһҧʵ
Ȼȴһ˳ĬΪǺȻ˵ûʲô֤ݣҲܹͣΪһָǻ׵ؾǱ顣
һǰµô£˵˵ʱֻҲǳƬ̣ǽ˹һϣڿһ¹һ׻ʲô
ʱĹһпǺڲѣ֪ܹһۿͲֱӰָǽɺˣԼͶûа취
˵һ֣Ӵ֮ɾΪЦȵ̫ϳϣȷΪֶ̥Σ˵̤¥պҲ̧ͷˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬һתԼװ֪ԣһϾ޷ôûпҲǺģҲܹѿľ档
ڵĹһǲʲô˼ȥ̤¥ѿǾԼһѿľ档
Ҳ֪Ī㻳ǹô
£һҲװģصɨһˣָҲǲˣô˵ҲãָǼٵģô
ôһ˵ȷֻʵûʲô취ϾֻҲôһ¹һݣҼ׷ȥĻ¾ǻǣơ
ȻĿǰ̤¥ǰȫģһ뿪̤¥һǼǳĻһ汻һ³ɾû˿Ծȵˡ
ŹһֻشȵһЩǿҲǷ׷׳ĬˣȻҲǴӹһĻ֮һ˿ѰһЩǿѾǿʼĵػɹһˡ
ָģȻ˵Լ֪飿ûзƵĳ֣ǻһָǺأ̥ϡĴڶŪˣ
ڹһݣһʱ֮Ҳû˭վڳĸԶ֪ԵĵӣǵҲ˺͹һ³Թ
ȻʱҲֻбվԲˣ˼ѾˣȻλСֵ˵Ĳûʲô֤ݣҲ֤һָǵȷָǡ
˱ɿڣնʱǻ࣬ƴʱҲǺʶȤûм׷ȥΪûҪˡ
һ㣬˵ϷҲеʧ󣬱ϾҵҲûܹⲻò˵ڵ˹ȻǳǰˣϷ簡
Ҳ¶εɫƵҲǱĪƲһ۾Ĵڣƺڱϱⷽ棬Ϊķ
ʱֻҲǽŵţûǰܹۣ˵һָǲ򵥣һǰȻΪܹҲ֮⡣
ֻʺͱһԲеĲǿ߶ʱˣѹҪ»ټ׷Ͼ˫ûʧ
ôһһвˬҲýܣһҧܣֵزٶıҲûκô
ΨƵЦһֱǵعϣŹһһĪЦ⣬֪ǹһֻʣڳˣʮֵһµôֻҶûдƶѡ
ΪûҪһȵ̫ϳϣҲʼ򣬼װ̾һǰ´ղضʱ򣬿ʹˡ
ԷƵıĻһҲֻǿһЦŭѣһʧȥ̥ʸ񣬶һǲôǿǰ²̨ջĵط
ջҲǷйҲֻǿؼһЦݣֻʵ˱ȭһ£æȥϾڿû
ŹһǱȥӰֻҲֿˣõùһҲǳһһﹻȻ㵽̤¥ͷˣûзƵĴڣɶǿһָǵܣôͷùĿɾ̤¥ˡ
ҵŷƣһҲǲ⣬ֻкǿģĵضŷ¶һĴָ


2536 Ϊǡ
ôһ־磬ڳĲǿҲҡͷ̿˿񫣬˭Ҳûܹ²⵽ġ
Ϊ£ڳĲǿ߷ǶڷƵ۸࣬ǰһѰĴϾɶ顣
ڣа̾Ȼһֱ죬ȴҲ˰֮ģѾ˽Ϊͽܵͷ
ȻǺηôһĻܹ뵽ĿɾûжٸˡʱҽҲԱߵЦ
ȷڳ˹һ֮󣬾ͻˣһӵвȱһӵɹ񾧣ǿľߣڻһơ
ȻǰҲǷܹóֵͬĶȻҲûа취̥Ū֡
Сӣͦ˳ۣóĶҲǲȥĻϷԸ˳һεľʱҽҲԱߵЦ
ϾղŷƵΪ̤¥һشʧõ̤¥һνĹָŪֵĻǿɾǳ˸
ûСӣҽô˵ˣҲ˵ֻҪĶ̫ôҲ˳ˣһ顣
ʱһҲǹһЦϳˣӵ񾧵ļһķΣӦҲˣҵΪ͡
Сľллλǰˡ΢΢һЦҲ¶ŵɫô̥ҿһҪŪֵġ
Ȼ˶ǹҾ͵ܹóʲôôҿ۽硣ҽͱɶһЦƶô˵ˣǵǿʼеڴƾܹóʲô
ңƣƺҲʮֵظȤڿɲΪһСˣܹӵģһˣ
Ǳ̨ĹһҲضŷƣҪһﵽܹóʲô
ô˵۹עӣһЦȴǶֻʵм£Ƿܹһ¡
ԷƵ֣ʱֻҲͷԣҲǵ˵ͷ˵
Ҫ׵ĶеΪ⣬Ҳ̫֪Ƴһ£ҲǻصΪһóΪףһ֪Ļ»ȫ˷
ţֻüͷǻǰûж⣬Ǿһĵ֮ôԵе㲻УҲΪѡ
ʲôܹ˵һôֻҲѰ˼ܿ뵽ˣƲ˵ѵĻôҪóĶǾ׵ģ
һţңǴ˵֮гֹġ΢ףԷֻʣһĵĶ磬Ҫǣ֪ƻǾֻһ׵ˣȻĻԼյһΪҲǳԿ
ֻʸüͷƺڳɣΪľٶδǻǿ߲ô˵жʱҲǶԷ˵һʮֵظеȤ
Ҹһ¡ֻҧû̴ӦҲûܾ̾ǸһʮпϵĻش
û£ҿԵȡҲЦֻʵҪֵĻôҲֻգϾ˵ʱ䷨ţǱν̥Ҫ࣬ǿĵϣŲῼǵⶫΪ
ûΪģʱ䷨ţ
գǱ֮£ֵǰͭʯ֮ϣصʱ䷨ţѾȫסȻҲûܹȻһŻеġ
ֻɫصرǺͱɻҽ˵ϸһ£Ҳ뿪Ƭ̣֪ȥˣ²Ӧֻȥʾĸס
Ʋż㵽ûɣԿҲֻʣھͿֻûǸԵõʱ䷨ķˡ
һĻȻҲõһЩǿ׷ףֻ֪ʵ׸ȥˣôͻȻͣˣǿǻҪܹóʲô
ԼĪǰʱңֻʳˣǱɻҽӶǹŵЦ⣬ƵҲǳһЩ
֣Ҹ׵ͷˣףǱҪбɺҽλ˼ҹͬڳֻʳ֮󣬵һ
ֻʵĻƱЦˣ㽫ǸоⱲΪȷһ


2537 
ϣˡֻʿƵɫţ֮ҲǳһڴڼѾǶ϶Ƶ򵥣пһλͨߣȱˣóĶǼ򵥵ȥô
һεľٶȻһЩ˲ֻҲǹܲô࣬Ͼһοǵõ׵׿ϣȻҲǲõʲô
û˹һϼһﵷңȻҲ̫Ŀŵ˵̤¥Ĳǡ
£ƱǸֻʣһص¥󣬶ҽͱҲǽϾ̤¥Ҳʸ֮ڣҲŲı֡
£ƿһܣҲǵ˵ͷͬʱתֻʵҪַзţҲһʱʱܹɹΪң˶꣬ҲֻǲЩƤëѡ
֣⻰ɾ˵Цˣҵˣʲôûмʶôһ˵ҵͦġֻҲǹһЦڷƵĻﲻôͬ
ɺҽһۣԿеɻŪôأĪǻʲôͷķ򣿵Ҫ֪ĿǰΪµĲǿռ䷨򣬵ȷǷܹеÿʡ
ˣҲǲȱڿռ䷨š
ʱ䷨򡣡
ЦЦشӿеĸ֣Ǽ䣬ǿֻӵɫסˣɺҽ˵¾ĬӵıνҪ໬ж໬
Ƭֻ֮ʲǷӦŵʵ㡭˵ʲô
ҡҡͷЦʱ䷨Ӧ˵ɣʱ䷨ڿռ䷨֮ϵһֻǼûгֹٴζѡ
ȥʱ䷨򣿣㲻ǸҿЦɣֻʵ¾Ǿֱǲ˼飬Ȼ˿ʱ䷨
ɺҽҲ𾪣֪˵ʲôǺֻʣһ֮ӣĳϣʶǲٵȥȻŹַ
ʱ䷨ֻڹż֮ȴһֱûгֹӵַĴڣȻҲжϣֻǴ˵ȻշȴǸǣַȷʵĴڣ
Ǹ㿪ЦôҡҡͷҲǻûκεĴ۹âҫܵĿռȴǿʼŤֲǿռ䷨򣬵ȴӵһر
⡭ʱ䷨򣿡ֻĿɿڴؿŷƵƣⱲӼ˼飬Ǿʱ䷨Գǰ
⡭ȷǿռ䷨򡣡һ¿ˮȻҲʮֵ𾪣Ȼ˫֣ؿƸʱȴܵһ㣬̱˻
⡭ʱ䷨ҸܵʱѰɴʱһع֮ɫƵϾȻӵʱ䷨
ڵõ˱ɵ׿ֻ֮ҽȻûκλɣҲֲ֪ܹģǿռ䷨ôֻһͣȷȷʱ䷨
ˣⱲӾȻҿʱ䷨򣬼ֱ˵ȥҲûšֻ૵صʱ䷨ԭΪֻǴ˵еʵسԼǰ
ʱ䷨򣬲ǲû˻ᣬ֪ľ˻ᡣ΢΢һЦ˵ʱ䷨ʵ̫ʵˣô꣬ҲƤëѣʲô
Ȼʱ䷨ǵ˭Ϊʲôͷûֻ֪ٴαˡ
ԣһӵйַ򣬲ҲŶѣ߳ȥ֮ˣϾӵַ򡣡
ʱ򣬱ɳĬһ£ʲô
ȻӵַҲѹˡֻʵ˵ͷ֣ȻҲǶ죬֮Уּǽ̸ġ
һҲ֪ǵĴڡصһЦ
˭˭ô찡˸ȥʱ䷨򰡡ֻŷôһ˵Ҳؾݡ
ɣʥŮӵеľʱ䷨򣬶һǱҸӿ£ңһ㻹жԶ߶Զʼû˵ֻ̫һֻʣϾΪ֮ӣҲǺŴϡ
ɵʥŮ֪ˣ鱨һֱռԭȻӵʱ䷨ɲһС¡ֻüͷһǣ֯СҲǵġ
Ҳ˵˵ѣôŷţ̥ǷÿԣЦûм졣


2538 
÷ôʣֻʻбɺҽ˵²룬Ҳ֪⽻׾ֵˣ
̥ȻǺʱ䷨˵ȻǺ߸ֵȥӵУ
ʱ䷨ֽڴ˵֮еɱ̥Ϊϡˣ
ֻʳĬƬ̣ɫúأŷƵ֣Ҳ֪ʲôһҪ˵һ䣬ʱ䷨ķţǴӼֵ˵ԶԶسԽ̥˵ǼΪƽġ
ԱߵıɺҽҲǵ˵ͷǻˣȻͷӦֻƺҲƳԿǲô뽻ˡ
֣˵˾Ҫ֮ͶԵʱ䷨Ȼϡޱȣ˵ʵҲÿ˶ġ΢΢¶ЩЦ⣬ڲǾãԼһֱǵ͹ֻʣƾղһ仰ֵȥύ
ңֻ˵ҲˣĵĶ磬㵹ҲԿ
÷Ǽʱ䷨ΪףֻɫüޱȣһЦãĳ˵ˣӴ֮ұֵܣ
ɺҽһۣҲǵͷһЦڷƣҲǾôӲ򵥣ܹύһֻʵҲʲô
ЦҪֻ֪Żʸ˫һ˵ʱ򣬿±齫ʮֵؾʣֻҲˡ
˶ǲ֪˴˵ݣҲǽˣȻܴĳ̶ǽʱ䷨֮ϣȴǲ⡣
ڷƾ֮󣬵±̰ʱ䷨ŽֻʣһֱԺ֮м䣬ֱӿҲûж⡣
ңҲǺܲεصôȥȥǿˣ޷ھģҲ
ڴˣֻʵҲûжĽ⣬˵ʱ䷨Ū֣㹻ˡ
Ϊټһ壬ܻһʺֻҪһһ;Ǻ¡
ǰһпܻٶȳֵڶǿߣ̶ܴϣֻռ˱ˡ
ˣȻǲԿԷĵĶ磬ҲͲƽˣʱ䷨Ҳ˵ܹȴ˺ʵʣÿԵҪ֪ô꣬Ҳû͸ֻԵЩƤëѡ
ܿ죬һĸ˱ٶ³˵ߵУڿǵĳ֮˰ǹһǽضǣҪ֪Ρ
ۣ̥ߵλѻýȨֻɨһڳҲǵص
仰£±˲˵ǶǺҪ֪Ƶóʲôõ̤¥ֱӵİ彻ס
Ǿ֪˵óʲôܷ֮һ¡
ʱųͷվˣֻ΢΢һǱߵǿߣⱳҲǹһ˼ɡ
ϲģû˹ôֹֻŭһ䣬ȴǱŵЦݵݺԼܹ͸¶űɺҽλ֤ˣóĶֵý̥һǱڳ⼸λǿеĶϡ
ûҿ֤ڵĻܲΪ̤¥ʲôĻװɡʱҽҲǵص
ҽݣôһ˵ҲûжˣͬղǸ׷ʵǿߣҲٶ˵ʲôϾɲҵҽŪȶ
ȻˣҵҲֻķڷ̥עҵԵҲֻˡʱǸӵвȱǿҲһЦ
Ȼ̥ѵãóĶȷȲϣҲ޷ǿ
ˡ΢΢һЦҲǶ⼸˱ȭ
ֻʻ˻֣糺Сֳһʢ̥˹ָֻ֣ɾ͹ˡ
۾֮һĨḁ̂ڵˣ
ҲĪؼһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷȷɣûв´Ļ滹зӡ²ô򵥰ɡ
ȻһԭҪһȻǿˣãֵ֮ܶ˰ѾԻʱٸ㣡ֻҲˬһЦ
áҲǵ˵ͷ
£ǼţֵĶȻΪǶڷ˵ȴûжôҲȤҲֻǵһԹš


2539 
ǶĶû˿ȤǷҲȷǴ۽磬̤¥ĵŸΪ̵֪
÷ƿЦõǣȻǳһʵŮӵƷ˵ɫҲûжı仯ƺҲϰΪ
ȻüͷܲϲָоҲûж˵ʲôϾ˼̤¥£һ˲ϲ޷ıʲô
ǳ˴죬ǰֹ̥ҲŲϡĶЩҲǿѡ
ϾʺԼĶõġ
糺С֮£һεҲǽˣֺֻǺǵ߹ŷƵѾˣߣǽ飡
Цŵ˵ͷھֻ˻ǿԵģûһЩʲôҪ֪һЩͷУԸѾǺѵˡ
ѾͷҲǴŹڸ
ʱҽҲǲ˹ǸɿݵҲ¶һֺɫ˵ĵʱȻΪ⡣
˸ã֣ҵ¾ǽһøʶҲΪ棬Ͼʱ䷨ɲһܹġֻЦŵ
һҲΪϾܹˣȴǽԼеһĨ˲õ
ҵҲǺŮӡ̹ȻһЦʲôԾ
ߣȥȾ˵ʵ̫ˣܹʶֻ֪ȻҲʮֿģһĳ̬غˬ
Ƶ˵ͷһ˱ֱӵ̤¥֮ڵһ¥ò˵̤¥ķΪܵƼȣŮӡ
֣ĺ֪ɲٰ
ھ֮ϣƿһֻԵŮӣҲ΢΢һЦ
㶮ġֻ΢΢ⱲӶȨʲôûж׷󣬵Ƕں֪ҵ׷󡣡
顣΢΢죬ȻֻʿȥܷģܹύΪǲᱳ㣬ǲΪ㷭ȵȡ
ǺĻ̤¥УҲвپɫŮӣ硭ֻʴʱչһ㶮õɫ
΢΢¶һĨΣҵͷӦЦأľǵ֪Ūַʲô顣
ˣٺ١εһЦֱӵؾܾȷǸţҲõҸĥˡ
ŷεɫֻҲǿһЦϸ̸һ֮󣬲𽥵ؽ֮С
֣ҽ̤¥ͣ༸졣ںžƣֻȴͻȻðôһ仰
˼ǣĳЩ˻֣΢΢üͷ޴֮ȻһӾͰֻʻ˼
ȻҲұ֤Щ˻᲻һӣһǸ˵Ļҿ޷²⣬ŪûĻǶֻ֡̾һѰǿ߻˵һ㣬ԵǹһϲģҪб֣ҪΪΪֻʿ˿ûа취
һ˵ѾˣΪλ̤¥Ҳ΢΢̧ͷ֮Ҳ͸¶Щ⡣
˵ͳ̤¥ոճʱ򣬹һϲľֱӽˣʱǶûϳǹһҲǺ֪Լװһͨ˭ҲŪĿġֻʼɫ֮гЩΡ
ԣҲǸһĨ㵣飬ʵǹˣһ𾳵Ĵڣװһͨһ̤¥ʲô
ˣЩ¶ǹȥľͲˣΪֵһ˵һ䣬СĹһֻҲǲǳ֮ɫ
֪һôˣڸղŵϣôһ󣬹һǾԲʹ˰ݡ
̤¥֮ڣƵİȫܹõԵرϣһ뿪̤¥˵ˡ
˵ɣϼһɱңҲôס죬֮Ҳ¶Щɭ֮⡣
Աߵֻʣ仰ɫûжı仯ȴһƵʲôȻŵ˵һ仰
һΪһҪԸĻһͷ£ƴʱȴ˿ôģŰܹһ㣬ʵǺ
Ҫֳ֪ΪɲôߣȻһ㣬ֻҲԼز²⵽Щ
ĪɣصĵƣֻѰ˼⵽һϹ̳СȻ˱̬
ˣ˵Щ⼸Ͱ̤¥ɡֻҲƵص


2540 ̥ϵķӡ
ƳĬֻʵĽ飬ҲûзԣҲûеͷӦܵĻڼ֮뾡뿪磬ذ½
Ͼ統УԼǵȵĹһŪû֯Ҳǲôˡ
ˣ֣ܴܲ̽һ֯Ϣ̧ͷʵ
ɣ壬Ҳһֱע֯Ĵڣʵĵ̣ԶԶǳĪ㻹Źڣֻ΢΢üͷǵǰӵʱ䷨ģһ֯ʥŮ
ţôһϸֿԵĻҴ̽һ֯Ķ򡣡Ƴһ£Ҳϣֻܹ̽һ¡
УһעˣϸϢֻʳһ£Ҳǵͷ
Ƶ˵ͷһؽеľƱһڸˣҲó˽õ̥ڷϡ
֣̥ʲôҪעĵطôƿɫ˿ŵĶķģȻŹ̶ķӡ
̥ʩӵķӡΪ˷ֹʧӡĽ⿪취ڱǴڸ㣬Ź̥һЩע⣬㵽ʱϸĿһ¼ɡֻʵ˵ͷҲǴӻͳһöֱӵضơ
֪ڽ⿪ӡɷ񣿡жʱҲȤ̥ǴûмʶȴŹصҲΪ档
򲻿ɡֻԣʱ¶ż֮ɫ֣̥Ҫñںʵʱ䣬żأʱϸپ
ֻʵȰ棬ҲΪ죬Ҳǵ˵ͷֱӵؽ̨ⶫѾǵУҲǲһʱ
ȻʱǰƸоֻһرӰӣٴγֱ֣ӵؾֻʶϸ˼䡣
ȾƣƳһֻʣƺǷʲô飬ֻʵɫʼࡣ
û°ɣ
ֻʵǱЩأ˵Щɱ⣬һ仯õԱߵķƾ㵣⵽Ƿʲô顣
ӰҡҡͷҽѾΪƣֹۣӦ޴󰭣һ·ų棬Ļ롣
ֻ΢΢սȭͷɫص֪ˣȹȥɣ͵
ֻô˵ӰҲǵ˵ͷҲֱӵʧˡ
֣ʲô飿ƵҲ¶ɫΪԼزһĨ
;УϮˡֻ͸¶Щɱ⣬ʱȻҲûкȾƵˣȻǷ¡
һľȻǱϮˣɫõ÷ǳʱֻʸ޷
ģɹ滹겻ɢֻҧ޲ھɱ֯ϳȥ
ôˣغһҲǽԼеһĨĵ
ûʲô󰭣ΪһγУųϸУȻĻɵȺ˸ˣֻҲŭص
ͷ֮䣬ƺҲǷǳƳһµһǰȫûзֵģ֪֯ͷ֮䲻ͣȴûϵȻֵزִɱ޴ڣʵѰ˼
ɣʵ˵ûжĶԹ෴Ⱥ֮ǿɲɻĶԹֻҲҡҡͷ֮ԶԸ壬ΪɶԸȵʱǲְæˣҲһϡ
˵֯ʲôڣȻһֱ񣿡װʵ
аɵĴʼˣ˵аһͨŮӣһҶȵĳλ̫ϳУѣõԵ޳ϵ𾳽磬ֱӵɱȣǰȶǸˡֻʿЦ֮ǿᣬҲǲСӵһ
Ƶ˵ͷԺҲǲа𵽵ǲɶϾۺĻɶаԺܴ
ˣҼǵ嵱һΪа𣬴Ӷƾһ֮ԵһȻǰòҲܹ㹻֤аɾһŮӡֻͻȻص
ԣһԼܹһǾֱܹǵǲɶô
֣ȥһãȻ˵ɡƳһ£ҲΪҲΪ


2541 е
Ƹֻ̤¥һ¥ʱ򣬿ɫ԰ڴϵģҲ΢΢س鴤һ¡
δĵòûжı仯ֻǿȥࡣ
ҽǰôˣֻʿԼ˻ԣҲΪļ׷һԵҽ
΢һ㣬Һû˵࣬ȻҲȲҽüͷҲ̾ѾˣƵܹѡ
ֻʵ¾ɫ䣬ǳҽҽֶ֮ô˵֪ܵϮǺص֡
ɣɣ֪˭֣ǵðƤɣֻҧгݵص
һ֯ĳ֣ԤıģпܣڲڹȻ鷢
ҽԱߣһߣʱҲǵص
һϡ
ֻʿɫҲǹ࣬һһȻڱβԼûñ֯Ĵɱɹʱ롣
˵˰õй¶ȥˣֻüͷڼ飬ǱԼܵɱΪء
ΪܣȻԷʱ䲻յô׼Сһ˵ͷ
飡һҪ鵽ףϢ֪˲ֻ࣬Ҫ飬һֻܹҲǺɫȻ޷ܵһ¡
λǡ
ʱһҲǿԱߵķƣΪİҲΪ㵵ʵ
ǺƷ㣬½ύһֵܡֻʵ˵ͷҲǽŷƣͬʱƵλ̫ϳ֮һһϣǿҺóġ
һǰҲ΢΢һЦһľɲ⣬ԼĪԲ磬ϵ𣬽һ֮ң
ηͣΪʵ˾̾һЦŵ˵ͷԼɨһۣǲ²⵽ƵΪ硣
ո̤¥ףʱ䷨ǳСֻҲǽ͵ϾһݲͣҲûбҪš
ʱ䷨򣿣һֳ̬ȻǸΪ𾪣ûõƾȻʱ䷨򣬲̤¥нס
ʱ䷨һΪһȻǶΪϤܹ֮֮дһʱ䷨źܴĹϵ
ĪǺ״ӣʱһҲѰ˼ˣϾǰʱҲ˵ˣƶմӾͷ뿪ˣѾٶȳˡ
ʱʱ䷨ķȴͻȻس֣ʵ˲òɣеĹϵ
һϣ˵ˣ֯ʥŮҲƿʱ䷨ֻʳһ£ҲǽϢһ
֯ʱ䷨򲢲֡һϵ˵ͷ֪֯棬ִУһʱ䷨һǿռ䷨ûִ֪ô£ȷÿһഫ
һֵעǣֱӴеģҲ˵Ҫܹյǿĳ̶ȡ
һϲǰҲǷǳϤϾͷһֱ֯򽻵ȻҲΪ
Ƶ˵ͷаѹˣǴǴ죬յԶľ磬ͺһ˵ͣǾ޷ƿôǿʱ䷨һƶȻȴˡ
һϵĽͣҲˣִҲı׶ˣһһʥŮˣǱиȻʹŴʧȥʱ䷨
һˣҲһֲҡ
ҡҡͷͷһҲǶֻʵܿһõô
㻹ҽֻΪؿһ۷ƣҪҲΪ棬ҽᣬֱ̫˰ɣ
ᣬֱֻһ£ϲһ֯һ˳֡ҡҡͷȷľѣǾҪԼڵʱҽԱߣĻƱǻᱻԷԼݾȻ޷ٱ
ֻʺһһۣҲǵ˵ͷδƵľٶΪҲǺ֪⵽˭Ķ֡
ƻ߹ȥԵϤҲǲ֪ظһĨ΢Ц飬ɰ
ƻؽƷĵü֮䣬ʶ˲ɢȻƬ֮󣬷Ƶɫˡ


2542 ŭ
ƵӸһĨŭ⣬Լһ˿ŭΪĵڣ˿ռ䷨Ĳ࣡
֯棬ܹÿռ䷨ģһˣǾǴ
û뵽ĶֵľȻǴ
Ƶɫ쳣ѿʱֻʵˣûǷԼɫ仯ȻҲΪԽˡ
ŷƳĬţֻʵҲɻѣƬֻ֮Ҳ̲ס׷ʵ֣
˺ȻػعɫҲ˲ָеŭѹסתŵ֪˭ˡ
˭ҷǵðҳֻԣҲŭص
ɵʥӣ
ƻһһ˴֮⣬֯ûǿԶÿռ䷨
ɵʥӣֻԣҲΪȣԷͷСȻǸҶö֣һǲˡ
û̶ֳ֣ȵĿռ䷨ҲΨܹʼ
ô˵Ļһ˵Ǹ˱ӰΪᣬȻȴһĴڣӦþⴺˡһҲǵ˵ͷ
ϣôֻսȭͷ֮ӿһĨɭȻҶԼãʲôʥӲʥӵġ
ǵصʥŮһߵܶ࣬ΪһȫǿŴԲһսƴʱԱ߻ص
ֻ֣һԺɵصƺԴǳϤӣȻ֡
֮ǰǵʥʥŮ棬ҲǺⴺ֣Ȼ֪˿ռ䷨򣬴ʱ䷨򡣡治ɫػش
ҷԽԽ͸ˡֻʴʱԱҲֹŵڷƵΪȥǴ۾ѣȴ˵Ŵ֡
Ȼǲͳһ۾ĴڣһԲ罻ֶⱾһ漣
ң򲻹ҡҡͷһûʲôֱӵسϣϾڵķӡһȫ⿪ȷֽ׵Կ⡣
˵Ŵ֣Ҳܲˡ
ô˵ܹȴڵвҲǺ˵ˣڴ۾֮УҲֻһֻʸ̾Լ޷һ㡣
ЦǲΪֻǫ飬ҪƴĻֻŴľ޶ࡣ
Ӱӣûа취ȥҵǸ䡣ͻȻ֮䣬ֻʱǵصȻҪԴ֣Ͼĳ֣ɣӶĻǶ˵Ĳ壡
ʱ䣬ھȥ
ֻʱ޵ĿռֳһĨҲǴӰӵ֮ٴʧӰ١
Ҫ׼֣ɫŹֵؿֻһۣ²⵽ͼ
ģҪԸãҪ۵ġֻҲǸһĨЦһοɲܾˡ
ʱҰɣһû뿪̤¥ĻƳĬһ£Ҳ̧ͷΪǰ£һĵ飬ⴺǱɣ
ãֻʵҲϲ⣬ŷƵĳְæưջһ㣬ûǸƤһϰæ֡
һʱ䣬˴֮䶼Ĭ׵űһǿ߳棬ӾͻƻһЩء
ת۽ƳһǻԵеģҲǵ̾һҽڳľͻӶֱӵѹ
Ƭֻ֮Ŀռ仺سֳһĨӰٴγ֣һֱӵضֻʵ鵽Ǵڵĵص㡣
ģֻԣҲһ𣬰ڱ
ɽҲСϮĲԶӰӻشԱߵķƲò̾ͷʵĵȻǲ򵥣̽֯ʥӵ䣬Ȼǻôһ㹦Ѿǳɹˡ
ɽôʲôֻ΢΢һüͷȻҲǶɽһЩӡ
֮⣬һ̽һ顣ӰӴʱһ£ȴǽ˷Ƶϡ
ʲô£˵ֻüͷȻǶӰӵĻеɻ
֯ѰһͷߣҾ˵԰½֮ƣӰӺֱ֮ӵ˵
Աԣ΢΢һа֯ɰԼ鶼ˣڿɺˣȻԼݶй¶ȥˣɫͷȻ˵Լô


2543 ݱ¶
ӰӴ̽ڷ˵ɲһϢһµǰԼݶǸ¶ȥˣֻʵǰȻҲ޷
˵Ĳþɣֻʺɵؿһ۷ƣȻϿŲ񣬵һͷȻİɫͷʵǺԵ
ֻ뵽ˣƷ㣬Ƿô
΢΢¶εɫ֪ԼҲûжôֻʵҲ޴֮ˡ
ΨһĵľǣĴΪ֯Ѿ֪Լʵݣһɾֻд֪֪֯ˣҲ˵пĳԭ򣬶˵
غһû֯ѰҵľңҲ֮ơ
Ȼֻʵ׼ǵҶ׿˵ʱδҲһȣڷ֣ǲİ
ǾǰʱȵǼ˽Խٰ½кĽң˵ȻҲǳͷ֮ڡ
Ҿ˵ԲѰ֮Ȼ֮صҲˣֻҡҡͷҲһЦɫ
ǸˣϾҵݲ̫ԵĹҲֻûӺԣֻ˲Ҳǰֻʵ
ΨһϽüͷƺʲôһֱֳĬ˵
û£ʲôݣǶֵܣôֻҲǸˣҲķƵļ
ݵȷһ֮ҿǼǵǰʱһϲģгһɡֻʲôٺһЦ
ȷȻղҲǲôֱӵùһô˶档ҡҡͷЦ
壬ûǴĻǸһɣͻȻأһϱǻؿڵϾΪһ̫ϳϣܶҲһ±͸
һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷƶȷ塣
ŷô˵һɫҲǱøӣҲǵ˵ͷǲ˵
һ飬ǣǡֻЦɫ΢΢رһ£ǴǴɽҴȥһˡ
²ףɽӣǲ֪֯жǿǸطԹȥĻº롣
ʱӰȴͻȻصƺҪֻʡ
ԣƲɵ¶ֵɫɽһʲôĵطȻõӰ˼ɵ
ɽȷǺܻңûмǴĻӦþǧһȵֵӡԱߵһٴ˵
򣿡ֻʺͷƶһۣǿǴû˵飬ҲǲɵøֳһĨɫ
ഫԶŵʱǵ֮أ̺ǧ꿪һΣǿ߽ͻơ
ԱߵҽҲǵصƺҲΪϤ
ȻֵطԣҲΪ֮о𾪣־磬Ȼǿͻơ
ԭˣôһ˵Ļһǵȥһ˲ɡֻԲӣ¶һּΪȤɫ
쵽ǧ֮ˣѹɽۼôˣһǰȥֲټһɡһҲǵ˵ͷ
֣Σֻ΢΢̧ͷ˷ƵϣȻƱֳϢǴ۾ܹڴģɲΪԷŴ۵ʵ
д⡣΢΢һЦֵطôܹٵȥһ´鷳˳˽һ´
ӰԱȴżˣôԽ˵ԽûãɽۼôǿߣóȻȥĻһʲôǿɾˡ
Ӱӣ˵ҲãϮˣ̵ȥôֻʶӰӵȰҲҡҡͷ
ӰһӲ֪ô˵ˣֻһ𳤴󣬶˵ҲǵãģȻҲ̲
ɽ̫ΣգҲֻǰȥԸԼΣգҲֻʳʲô״
û£ӰӣһǾһȥɣҲǸһȥɽ֯ϼһҲԹۡ
ʱԱߵһҲǵصһ֯Ķ̫ˣĶǸϮڱ󣬿»ľöԷóˡ
һΣҪһ
֯ʥӣһҶ˶֣һ޷ѵǵƲã


2544 ɽ
һ϶˵ˣӰ˵ٶҲãһϵβ棬һеҲ̫ʲô
ֻҪһǿ߲֣ô統еһֻܹ޷еģ»ûжٸˣοĴڡ
ӰҲĬĬص˵ͷҲ˵ʲôٴνԼӰյУǴûгֹһ㡣
ɽûʲô鱨ģ̇ͷʵϾӣƺֻҲδȥɽôһİĵطǲ˽һ̫³çˣǲǷƵԸ
ɽһΪصĵطȥһˣ˻һԵò˵Ե㹻ĻǸطһԾΪҲǲܵ顣ʱҽȴԱߵЦ
ĪҽǰȥԣҲ¶Щ㵣ҽƺɽΪ˽⣬·ĻֻʵҲܹʡһ
ҽƺǲ²⵽˷е뷨ЦҡҡͷɽһصĵطǣͬһˣٽڶΣ𾳵ǿ޷롣
ԣϹͷⱲǲ̤ɽġ
ҽĻƺֻһۣ˸еľ֮ɫҲ̫һ㣬һˣһӾȻֻһλᡣ
ǵͬɽһĵطôֻҡҡͷȻҲǸоĺʡ
˵ɽɽȷЩϵȴһûܹ֤ѡҽЦЦԼƣЩɫơ
һĻһǿеѹסԼڵĲҽʱչֵķ
ϼһڹȻ顣аԼǰ²Ĳûдҽӵ顣
ǧǰǽһɽһΣҵõⱲĻԵҽҡҡͷϵ¶һĨɫ
飬ɽ֮ڣõ飬ȻǺ澭һ׷ɱǽ壬԰
ƳĬ飬統УҲϡ֮ÿһε֣һѪȷ磬ڵ飬ͬҲǲСܹ˽ҽʱ
һ̣ҲǻԼƣȻͬҲâһֻ̣ʺһǳ׵ؾˣ
ҽҲԭأ⡭ƵôҲ飿
Ҫסģ֪Ƿƣ֮ҲסûҵͬҲӵ顣ƵЦŵԼݻûб¶ʱȷǲѾ޷ôӵȻҲס
΢΢չһ֮󣬱ϾٻǼɵ
ŶҼǵˣҼǵһֵʱ򣬾һƵļһˣһǻȵǸʸ˫
ֻʶȻһԶϢʱƲʥǿ߶ѣԶԶû
Ƶ˵ͷǳϣһҽʵȻǳɽ
ɽһѰĵطȥ֪ˡҽЦŵһΣԵĵطãһãǸط
˵ҽ˵ôãҲûиҹɽ°ԱߵֻӺԵȻΪż޲ɱɽС
żҽЦɽһˣҪȥɽ룬һطΪ̶һʱ䵽ˣͻ֮ǸʱҪľǾ֮
ô򵥣ֻе㲻š
⻹򵥣ҽЦõؿֻʵ֪һνɽжôǧܹųģٸѣ
ҽⷬƺֻҲԭأôֲʣ
ţɽĻ̶λòǹ̶ģÿһγֵλöǲһȴһѰҪķһ򣬶֮ʱ򣬻ҪעǿߵϮ
֮޵ģԵʱȻǻһɱ
֮֮󣬻̶֮ڻһصĿռУûһǲɶõıҵ֮һ
һǰȥ˵ǺΣգӽɽһ̿ʼǾǲܹ˿ĵģΪÿʱỵ̈Ҫǳ֣
ҽص˵ĻȻ࣬ȴƺֻ˺ܴ𺳡


2545 ̥
ɽ»ô죬ԵĻ̥ȥʱغһ
Ͼһǰȥɽ̱ȻʮգƸ˸оʲô֮ȻҲϣõƾʵôǰе㲻ʵӡ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ǾǰȥҴ
һĻҪ֯ǿߣΪ˰ȫڼ䣬̥ĻôƵȫȻǵõ˸ıϡ
У̥ķѵʱҲǲɣһǾͳǰɽǰ̥ˡֻʳһ£ҲǾòҪ̫ż
Ƶ˵ͷһۻеģסҪȥ份ѵĳ嶯ΪղҲǼһΣܵĴΪУҪֵĻȻҪȫһĻɵĶ̫ˣΪע⡣
ֻʵİ֮£Ҳ̤¥һ¥֮ס£̥
˫ڴϣƵʶ΢΢ɢΧһж֮УϾ̤¥Ʋκ⡣
ڲԼԲȷûκǱΣ֮󣬷Ҳص˵ͷֻʻ˼ڰаһЩԼ¥̫ԶֲԼ
һﵹҲǲǲ֪ǲŻʸ˫һˡֹŵҲٴν̥ó˷ǰ
Ƴһ£ֻԼóʶȥƬ֮ҲȻҲν⿪ӡ̥İ취
ӡˣȻһˡصķӡҲǿЦѣôķӡ֪Ž⿪ķҲҪķһЩʱ䡣
ƲɵǶ̥ԭ˸оˣ̥˵ӦһΪϡеĶȻȴԼ̤¥ס
֤Ӧ̤¥йϵǿѾ𾳵ĴڣĻὫ̥ó
Ϊ̥𾳵ǿûôƸղžҪ̽һ̥˵ϢֻȴҡͷϾ̤¥ĹܲΪƻأĻպ˭̤¥ס
ҡҡͷԺЩ׵Ҳ׼ʼ˽⿪ӡģĽƸ̥һɫ˿񣬵ºɫ˿Ǹһɫâ
Ʋûоȣ֪Ƿӡڽзתڵһذ˵ķн⿪
һҪʱľãǷƣҲķʱĹ򣬲ȫؽӡ⿪
̥׳ʲôӵģȻһӡ˷ˣҲǲһԼӵϸȻһ⿪ӡĹҲǺķ
Ȼһ̣ԭĺɫ˿ȴǶȻԶһɰ絽Ũ䡣
һ̣̤¥ܵ˾̤ͣ¥ǿ߶ʱǽڷڵ¥
ݣ
΢΢ƿֻ֣һ˵Ӱ±ǳ¥ԶĿռ䣬ĲҲǳЩ㵡
̥ȻĶʵ󡣡ֻ΢΢صʵ֮ҲΪĽƣܹ̥ϡĶҪ֪̥һųֹΣû֪̥۶ɡ
ǸһϿŲܣҶδܹȫ͸һϵص
ȷźŹϵĻ֪ǱߺòýҽҲ΢ظֳһĨǡ
ɣߣţ֮ĶԹһǿ˵֪ģҽе㵣ֻŷߵ̫Ļδе㲻ס
ǺüǰˣҲŹܲôءֻƲƲɨһΧĿռ䣬ҲҡͷЦĶҲõò˴
һϲģƺû뿪̤¥ҽָػش
ҾɣȻ̤¥ϲĲʲô̥̿϶ǲܹʲôΪ˰ȫڣϲҪʲô»˼ֻʼ
ȷСùһǰ˶Ʊǲʹ˰ݣҲһɣվ̤¥ȵĵطеβ֡ҽЦЦ


2546 ̥
ò˵ֻʵĵĵȷûж࣬һûֱӵ뿪̤¥ƺڵȴŷ뿪һ㣬ǰ裬Ȼǲܾʹ˰ݡ
Ȱֵһ˲䣬̤¥еĹһҲɫ䣬ȭͷСӣȻ̤¥ֱ̥
ԭĴ̤¥ŷ뿪ȻѰŻº֣ȴû뵽ƾȻֱӵ̤¥̥
ʱĻ˷ƣҲû˿ôɱ
ϣүѾǸɽ㿴ǷҪˣ
ʱڹһԵĿռ仺ŤһλǿߵӰҲǳֳ
ѾȥôǾξСӺˣٴοһҧŭҲ͵ػ뿪̤¥
ʱ¥УȻǲ֪ԼǱٸ˶ϣǰĺɫ˿񲻶ϵŤţ·ʲôҪһ㡣
ǰҲ֪֮£ԼǾԲ˷ѣΪ̥ĸй¶̫Ļ̥
Ҳغһֱӵؽһɫ˿ҿȻһ͵âǳ˷Ƶǰ
һԼĪȭͷСâһʯһĶȴ͸ޱȡ
̥
ҲһǰȻ̥Ȼģ
عҲֱӵؽԼƻһӣЩɫѪҺ͸ֱӵؽֻƸν̥ϡ
һ̶Ȼط˱仯ڷƵƸ̥ϵʱֵǶȻʧǴûдڹһ㡣
ƴʱȴǷ֣ԼƵһӣʱʲôȥһ㣬һ˵Ǳϴˢһ顣
ּΪĸоõ÷鲻Խķһëɢ˵嶼ְϵسˢ
̥̺ӿ˷Ƶ嵱УҲһЩ˼ɫԼؾãԼƺǶһЩʲô
ȥָоƱǲԼĵ֮ԼشһЩҲһϲͻƵף
ԴǴ½ͻƴ۹֮󣬶ѾǺܳĵһʱ䣬һֱѰͻƵİ취ȴһֱ޷ͻƣȴδõȻֹͷͻƵס
ĪǸ̥йϵ룬ҲסŽͻơ
һĻȻûгֻʵ˵ǰƵϢҲ⼸˵ľ㵡
һ̥ܹͻơֻ̾ǲ˵ʲôãҲ̫ˡ
ܹƶصСһɲȥһЦеصϾΪǲܹ˿صˣǻȥ
һҪȥɽһٸһֻʹһЦ
֪˷ƽͻֻ֮ʵ˸ɴҲû뿪ֱӵڷ¥ţʲôʶʱðһƻ˷ƵͻƣǿɾͲ
ֻʷǳΪ˴۾֮ҪһͻƣǿǷǳؼȻŲٵһЩ𼶱ĴڣǸǣһӶֹڴ۾Ӷ޷ǰһǿߡ
һʱ֮󣬷ڵϢǿʼȶڷ֮ڣҲǶȻ˫ۣ֮иһĨϲ֮ɫ
λۣ
ԼȻǳ̥ĻԵӶ˽
ãΪǿ֣һĻһɽ֮УǴ࣡΢΢Ȼλλ۵Ĳ಻Ǻܴ󣬵Ƕڷ˵һСĿԽȴǿԸӲٵս
ڵĴ۾֮޵֣һЩҪͻƵĴۣҲǲ飡
һɽյ֮Ļ˵ͬҲǿԽͻƣδе㼤ˣȻҽ˵֮ʺĴڽͻơ
ǷһڶҪǿϲ٣ţлĻͬҲܹЩ֮
ܹճɹĻôпֱܻӵس
ֻҪԼһͻƵĻôȻҲǲη崺ЩĵˣԹһҲܹԱ֮
ɽ֮УɱʧˡһӷƵд


2547 ̥
Ȼȷ֪Լͻ֮󣬷ƵҲǱ쳣Ƭ֮ǻعԼ̥ô
ţ̥أƿԼǰȴǿһһɫ˿ǰһŰʯҲν̥ʱȴʧˡ
ǽҵɣصٶȱ˫Լ壬ȻȴǾȵط֣Լû˿ı仯
˫ۣоԻɫȫŪ̥ȥˣ
ô
ͻȻأƵĶ߱ǶȻһŮͯȻҲõ÷һ±ǾȵվɨһȦܣȴǷֿһ
˭оޱȣȻ˿ȻϢؿԼԼʵ̫ˣ
ҪҵĲôŮͯЦͣܿƬ֮ڷƵǰһż͸۶һСɰŮͯòȻŷżơ
Ůͯĳ֣ҲסˣСŮðˣ
ôˣ㲻ôŮͯ΢΢ƫͷŷƽЦͣ
㡭̥
ĿɿڴⶼУ̥ʲôģȻǱһСŮеԽܡ
ô˵ɣҾ̥̥ҡСŮƺò٣Ҳǵ˵ͷ͵һֱӵ˷ƵļЦͣ
ƣСŮ۶ɣ޷Ĵڣ̥Ҳ̫ˡ
㡭ô£૵ʵΪ㵣þòƽԼڶûŪף̥ʲô
汿Ҿ̥̥ҡСŮ̥۶ɣԱóκε̬ΪʱľѪӵ֪һм䡣
ԣ赹ȥˣⲻǵһԼô
ΪҪôһСŮģƿЦãʲôãǵñһСŮҷƷ֣òԼżơ
沶׽ǲǷҸŮƣСŮҲǿֻ֪ЦͣƺƤ
һѹϤĸоԭǲοСʱģɡ
ðɣҲңʲôһҲֻǽʵˣϾ̥ѾΪһˡ
֪̥Ļش÷ƲѪ⻹̥ʲôʲôϡĶ
΢΢ذһһҲƵصֻ̬ô
ǵģΪ۶ɵĹϵֻܹң𼶱ĴڣҲǲܷҡСŮ˵ͷ
ҲһֹصַܹʽڵĻһЩʱҲܹó
ˣԺͽСΰɡ룬ҲǸһһ֡
СΣСŮ죬ƺе㲻Ը⣬ȴȻ̥е㴦ϣԼҲ˽ͻˣ⵹Ҳʲô
ˣҰɣ˲Ĵڡʼֱӵվһ塣
ոսλۣǳĸоƺ⣬һɫѾǽӽҲǿЦⲻ֪һҹȥˡ
ҲǷ֣Զֻʵ˵Ϣȴһֱشڣ΢²ֻ֪ʵȼ˵˼ҲΪ֮ж
ֱӵ߳һƬ¥ֻʵȼһҹδߣڿƳ֮ҲһЦֱֻӵһ·ƵļϲˣΪǽһ
˶ѣͷˡ΢ǸصݣȻ֮ȴõĶҽ̫ϳΪһҹδеʢȴˡ
С¶ѣһЩС֮ûҡֻ΢΢һЦֱӵز̸£ҲµضŷƵ֣ɹ̥ˣ
ôʣҲ¶һĨЦ̥ôԼ˵׼Сεʲô
ǰɡƿЦѡ
ţʲôⲻɣֻʶڷƵĻشҲΪȣĪ̥֮л˵ʲô⣿
⵹ûУֻ֮󣬵ûûʲô𡣡Ӻԣܲ˵СεĴڣҾ˵ˣ޷޷СεĴڣҲ÷ӡ
Ժܹ˰ɡֻҲΪصϾֵ̥ĴΣļҲٵÿ


2548 ǰɽ
̥ҲΪΣϾСεĴڣ޷õֻʵ˶ǲ֪̥ʵôһ£ֻԼشһЩż˽
ˣЩ룬׼ǰȥɽɡʼĸӿǱøǿ
Ȼ˴εɽһκܺõĻᣬԵĻֱܹӳȻԵǧ궼δһأȻǲ׵ط
УҲǿֱӶֻʵ˵ͷһ˱ֱӵش̤¥뿪һ·ϷֻʽУһϣ
ˣ㲻ҪıòʲôģֻΪɻһ߸·һŷƵ
ôһͷԵİɫͷҲѰҳˣǸıòΣϸȻǻ뵽ҡҲҡͷЦҲΪգȴûκΰ취
ԴһξǴ֮ͷѾǳΪΪģôȥ뾡취޷ı䣬ҲȻϰˡ
а취
Ȼ˽̸ʱڷƵԺ棬ȴǶȻظֳСԷҲǶȻͣٶ£õֻһһէ
а취ԽƵϲ⣬Са취ĻȻòˣϾôһͷɽǱ֯һϳ
Ǳ֯ϳ£鷳õһЩˣǹһȣĶԼӾͲôùˡ
ҵġСҲǽЦƱǶȻزԼڿʼһĸоһɽ͸İ
һֱӵذŷƵͷ˵ı仯ȴһ̷ԭѩ׵ͷʱȴ𽥵ؿʼںƬ̵Ĺ򣬱ѾȾһͷڵĳ
ȥ֣ԱߵֻʱƵֱ仯һǰһ̲˵ûа취һ̾ˡ
ٺ٣˼ոһСֶΣԵ̬ȷû뵽ĻɹˡӣԼͷٶȱɫҲһ֡
ԭˡֻʲҲǵ˵ͷ㻹ǸıһòһĻ´Ǿ޷ϳˡ
Ƶ˵ͷСֶȻǷѲ˶ٹƬ֮󣬷ƵӳһģŤоһ˵ģ˿ϲǰŰϵ
һҲѵáֻ棬ٵװֶΣȴ֣Ϣܹıģʵûٸ˿
ҪĻҲԴڸ㣬ֻһСֶζѡƹһЦСϷǺ𵱳ڸԼġ
ãܹĻǼֱ̫ˡֻǰһҲ뵽ʲôǲɵ΢΢̡
㲻ıģȻҡڵȥɵ鷳ɣǺ͵ˣֻ֮Ը˵Ǻƣ¿ֻ¶Цݣв²һǵ֪˽
֪Ҳ˷ְֻʺٺһЦҲǸڷƶߵ˵ҪǱǿߵģȻȥ֯鷳˵ô
һֻʵ˼ֱǸԼһڣȻ⣬ǻˮǵʱǵ֯ˣҲ׷鲻ϡ
СϷи׶ˣǾĻױϳʼȻνֻʲһΪĶ統ҲŲ˶ǳϤ
һɽ֮УȻһЩϹ֣ȻҲ޷ȥΪһȻõһЩĻ˳׵ͣ
û£ϳ˵ֻʺٺһЦҲڷƵֵСϷò˶ãƬ̵ĹվڷƵǰֻʣҡһΪһ׳ǰӢеˡ
߰ɣǰɽˣһαȻȺ۾ۼеڴˡֻسһ£Ҳص˵ͷǰǰķ
˳ֻʵߣҲ̧ͷȴǷǲ֪Ѿǽ˵һ಻ɽУŨ֣ǿߣȻҲֻĿ⵽ԲǧڸԶľ͸޷͸
ɽôеһ֮ҲǳһȣһܹɹǳΪ


2549 Ⱥ۾ۼ
ֻŷٶǰһξ֮Լ˲һĻõ÷ƸоΪ㵣˵ɽһ㶼ϡٵĵطȻܹʵ˷ѽ⡣
ǰö಻Ϣ¶Ϊ˴˴ɽֻ΢΢ظӦһ֮Ҳ׹Щ˷μɽ֮С
ףȻһЩϲĳˡҲ΢΢һ£زˣɽУΪ޵Ϣһֱš
ЩϢǿĳ̶ȣ÷ƶΪ֮ɵȻһЩ𼶱ԲĴڡ
ǻءֻͻȻ΢΢ʱѾǴӰ֮н䣬ҲǷֳǰһĵطһϿһ㣬Լ˳
Щˣлһ԰½˳ǿߣҲǲ棬Ͼ滹һΪǴ۾ģ֮ġ
Ȼֻʵ£΢΢̧ҲǿˣڲԶһϤӰӰȻǲżûõĹһ
ǸϲôҲˣ΢΢üͷŹһڹһԣˣϢǲȲ
ֻ΢΢һҡҡͷǼûУһǹһϲ׶ӣһҲΪ
ĶӣԣɫҲǸһĨ죬ҲؿһǼ˵ģǼ档
ǲ㣬ӵ鷳˰ɡ
ţһϲģԼ̥ʱ򣬻ҪԼȳ֣ܹ̣
ȻڷûԸһǶԸĶӣȴǴ´ࡣ
㲻ʲô뷨ɣֻʿһ۷ƣҲһ֣һôͺԼôء
½ȥɽҸһѡ΢΢𣬷ڵòǾװģһδֱܹӱϳӱ˵ˡ
УֻҪɽһٺ٣ϼһûа취ȥֻҲǺٺһЦһͻȻسһֿ
ͻȻ֮䣬һҲһһֲĸоָоǲ죬Լһֲ
һҪעⰲȫյϢ˵֯ʥҲǻ룬ʱǱϣǾ鷳ˡһҲüԵһ
İɣʲô֯أ鷳ǲ׷ŹΪҲǲ÷һЦ
ʲôʵֻǸһ˴ûвɽ
Ⱥ壬ͷµһȻҲǸ֪һЩΪܳһȵĻʸ˫ֻʣĵȵȡ
ôˣǸһƺ֮󣬾Ҫ˫ˡһƺʲôҲص
ûʲô˵Ǹһĸ绹ҪҵҪԣǷûǷʵҪӭȢ˫»õһ¡
ҲЦЦɫûʲô仯֮ȴһЩâ˸Ȼʲô뷨
Ӧû֮ǰպþ̤¥˵ǳһʲô£ûг֡һ˵ͷ֮Ҫעһ֯ˣƲʲô¶ܹóġ
õ÷Ƶ˿һ߶һĻҲĿɿڴﻹһ𾳴ڵȡ
ֻܲʣֻҲţܲһⲻ֪֮һĬҪҶԷ鷳νԩҡ
ֻŷΪװֶΣҲһֱûܹǣҪۼǿ̫ˣڵλǿƫԶһ㡣
ţˡͻȻ֮䣬ҲǶȻ̧ͷĳһԼزһϤĿռ䲨ǾǴƿصĿռ䷨
ֻɫҲǶȻһ䣬ǸЩɭȻɱ⣬Ĵɱˣŵ˵ĳֻ֣ʲ̲סеɱ⡣
侲㣬ڻʱ򣬵ȵȥ֮Ѱһᡣֻʵļʾ侲Ͼ㸡ɱ⣬ǿ˵ױǱʱǻᷢһЩ飬ǽ֮顣
ã͵˽С֪ʲôζֻҲɭȻһЦеɱѹȥ


2550 
ʱƣɽߵǿҲԽԽ֮࣬󣬾ȻٴԼĪʮǿߣЩ˶ǰ½Ƿп˲Ϥס
һȺ۾ۼƽʱֵһЩˣһҲǽסջֱӵȫˡֻ΢΢һЦɨӹڳһЩˣɫ֮Լ¶һЩɵ֮ɫ
ôʲô㶼ɵôƿֻɫҲǲȤֻʵӣֱʵǺٿ
ֵطȻǲܵģп⿴һˣ㣬ݣڱһ𲻳ϹǵǾǡֻʼ
Ȼͷȷǹھ䣬ˣ죬˭Ҳ᲻ͻȻرĳôһϹΪͨ졣
һεĿǽѰҵ̶˲Ȼƽ£һЩ۵ԶҲûа취΢΢һЦ
ֻЦŵ˵ͷһԸΪơ
Ȼ̸ʱɽŨǿʼ仯ԣʱڳǿҲһӼž
Ҫˡֳŵصɫ֮ҲǸһĨڴ
һ̣ڵһƬռ䶼ǻŤţһǿѹŵ
ЩƲ񷣬õ÷Ϊ٣
ˣ
ռڷǰԶһĨ貵âƾճ֣ǿĿռ䲨ֱֶӵسһ޴ѿڡ
һɣϢʱǴһѿӿֶõڳǿ߶Ϊ֮һ
ڣ
ˣ
һӱõ˵ڵʱ򣬶ǳһȵɫ棬õǽͻƵ
ȻֻһܹɹӵҲ㹻Ϊ֮ˡ
ǵһٽ룬ȲǳڣҪѰҵ̶ĴڣҪһǲֻصһҲ֮ǰҽġ
̶Ȼ򣬵γû֪ʮֵعǿ˵һҲΪ
Ƶ˵ͷֳĿռ䲨ǲȶ룬»öƬ̡
ע֮£һ޴ĿռѿҲȶȻ¾Ӱ಻סеļֱӵڿն𣬱һڡ
׳ա
Щ˵ľٶֻǲɵЦΪ棬ɲ㰲ݣȻӵĪĻԵͬʱҲһ֮ء
֮ԱΪΪ˵֮أȵط򵥣
ȻһЩȳȥ֮Ƭ֮ǶȻشһҽõһЩͷԷȵǿҲǶʱͣǵĽŲ
ܿ죬Ƭ̵ĹǱӰٴδѿ֮гϾѪҿȥƻᡣ
һĻЩǿ߶ʱһҪ֪ڳֵܹĪǴ۾֮ϵĴڣǴȻȼĴڣڽ֮ˡ
浽ʲô
һϵشٴõЩдļһʱǵˣǰǼùļһȻҲǲٴγ嶯»ʲôΣա
ȻҪҲҪȥܣ
Σգ¶һĨ㵵
ҲΣգҽ˵֮أ֮꣬Ϊѿڸոճ֣ռ伫Ϊزȶ֮ѣȻһʱڣ˭ȥˣ֮ܵĹֻʼ
Ψһİ취ǵȣȵ֮ٶ˯Խ룬Щһﲻ֪ܹųˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷи̾ȻǴӵܺãЩСϸһ˵Ļǲ֪
ֻʸ֮֮󣬷ȻҲóȻؽ룬һڵȣźʵĻᣬǽС
ûǼһҲһƵģô֪ˣһ͵ſϷءָָֻмҲǵ
ɨӶȥǴǹһˣʱż¶һյɫ֪ȵĻʱǵĶǱ˭죡
ΪǰӣһЩǿߵҲǲٶóȻ룬˶ͬʱرһĬǾǵȣ


2551 
ԼĪǰʱֻֻһֵ˲ɱųŵɫֵ˿ǲżǸԽԽ
Ȼٶȳ˰ʱֻ֮һֱ΢е˫ҲǶȻʱˡ
Ȼֻʵ֮ʣȶǴ
һˣֱӵƿնȥ棬һĻȻǾˣǶǾؿŴ룬ûʲô
Ͼڴ󲿷˿ٶҲǵΪ̽·ȻƬ֮ȴûдκζ˵ʲôҽˡ
ȥˣȻû£
ҲŲʧǱڰ಻סеɧҲһγ˽ȥһε龰νʮֵ׳ۡ
ǿ߷׷ƿնֱӵسȥУһԵǼҲˡ
߰ɣҲʱöˡֻҲǲٵȥˡ
ֻʵڿնһ㣬ֱӵؽС
Խһ޴ĿռѿڣǼƸоתһĹָоʧȻȴǷԼѾǽ̤ڵˡ
򣿡
ƲɨһܣһƬƽԭǻɵɫûа磬ܣȴǳǼܡ
ЩǼʮӴ󣬿״ӦһЩ֮֮ĹǼܣѾܾˡ
ҿһ㶼ϲաֻʼ˵ĸо̫ѹˣͺһƬ֮أ
ûа취ܹѸٵҵ̶ƿһܣܶǿ½س֣ڽ֮󣬱ҲһãȻȻİо档
òеѶȰֻ°͵ҽ˵ķʱ޿̶ڱ仯һ취ܹѰҵ򣬵ȴǰٷְټʡ
ʲô취Ҳ΢΢üͷҪҪôȻûС
һֱߣߵͷֻʻһ£ҲҽĻ
ǵҪߵáһ⻹һİ취һֱߣķʱǱ仯ĻôǵǰҲʱ̶鷳ˡ
û취ҽҵģҲֻ;ˡֻҲΪյص
ϧһ㣬ҪȻǼһҲܹҵŷ򡣡еϧص
ǲܵģǾ군ˡֻЦҡҡͷЩ棬֪ҲԼ˸ŵġ
ǵ֪ȻҲǲ²õǵϿ֪Ѱҵ̶·ȻΪ˱Щ鷳϶һ֮󣬳׵ذˣŻǶǰȥ
ԭ˼ص˵ͷ
߰ɣҽ˵ӦòһֱŶߣĻܹܴҵ̶ֻҲΪΡ
ţעһ·򼴿ɣ֪Ҫ߶áҲΪ취ҲΨһģֻȥ
˱Ǳһ·򣬱ֱӵǰߣҵǣֻ˶ԼʵòߵȻҲһЩƾֱߵˣȴԶԶûˡ
ֻԭò֣ʱˣ¾Ƿǳ֮ˣǶ˵һ鷳취ǡ
ͣ£ˣߡ
ǰֻͻȻͣٶ£ҲٴתߣΪղŵķ˱仯һӾǱ仯ˣֱ仯Ȼǲԣȴܹ
ţǾ߰ɡƵ˵ͷģвһֱǰߣȻֻͬҲģĸо֪ͣԡ
˲ɫٴߣһǿһЩ
գֱˣߡ
Ƭֻ֮εص
ұߣұߣģ
ߣ
һֱǰߣǰ
һֱţõֻʲץߵķһֱڱ仯ţԼ֮ȴǸоߵķһֱǶߡ
εķ仯ҲõֻʺͷƳ׵Ҳǲһ£ǵѾûʲôˡ
طʲô£Ҫˡֻʺ޺޵ص
ֻ֪ǲϵظǸˡҡҡͷҲһΣѾ˴죬ȴûѰҵȷĻ̶
˵ڽӽŻ̶ķ򣬵ȴûĵҪãǷԼ˵ֻǲϵǰߡ


2552 Сεİ취
ֻŷ˵ǰڲϵؽţ̵УԼ˶ԶҲǲԼߵķǶԲԡ
ϾΪı仯̫ˣǵѾûκεظˣǸооʣ
̵УҲǷƺ򵥣ЩڵϳֵĹǼܣһЩǿȥŴ˵֮мص졣
һķ֣õ÷ֻΪ㵣һۣҲǿ˸еĲ
˿ʼýΪطڳŻԵͬʱҲǰΣա
Ҷ챻Ʒˣ⵽ɶʱǸͷ
ڳ˴ֻ֮ǰ಻סˣǱ״ŪÿҪˡ
غһȻҲΪ꣬Ĳϱ仯ʵ̫ĥˣĿĵķա
ڸ
ȻʱڷƵǰСεӰȷٶȳֶȻֻһ۶ɣֻзܹԼֻҲǸоһ˿Ĳѡ
Ѱһ̶˵ҲĬĬصСνֻҪɣϾСѾΪһˡ
̶ʲôطСŷô˵ʱͲˣֹ˵һܹء
ˣ㻹ܰҵôһȥƷ˷̣СεĻҲǲ÷СȻ̥ʲôôطѰҵ̶أ
˵˵˵˵̶ʲôط˵ҿͨĲѰҵ̶ķӴСһؿŷơ
СɫҲǰŰɵʵĿԣ
Բ֪˵˵СνЦϣҵʲôһϵشߴŷơ
СεҪ󣬷Ҳǳһ£Ҳ޷Ͼ̥˵ԼһЩر
ֻʣ̶֪һʲôĴôʱ̧ͷֻʡ
ţֻеֵؿһ۷ơ
ûУ뵽һ취֪ǷܹɹƳһ£ҲǽСεİ취˵ֻһСεĴڡ
̺֮ôȻطһֱ仯ͨı仯۲죬ȻҲǲ²ѡƵ
ǿԣ̫˿¡ֻҲ̾һе㲻ʵ
Ҳû취ϾäĿȥĻ֪ʲôʱһͷ˵ǻѰңȺһﶼڻ̶ˣôһ˾ûκˡ
Ҳ΢յصµҲֻҽ
ֻԣĬһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷҽ˵̶֮ĳ˯֮أô˵̶϶ΪŨĵط
֪ˡƵ˵ͷôһ˵ĻֻҪѰҵΪŨĵطǾǻ̶ˣȻܴ󣬴ƶ޷˵Сα۶ɣ飬Сο
Ҳǿʼ˫ʵСڽŽ
СΣܲܲطһΪѰ˵ΪŨҲа
ΪŨôԡСԴһ£ǻر˫һ̷ƶȻ۾ΪǲСεĴڣǸӦ޷Ӧ
СȴʵسԼǰָо˵Ĺˡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵͻȻһԺǳֳһ棬һ֮أԼؿһ޴ˮ̶ܹطһɰѹ
ǻ̶мһĻ棬ȻСͨԼֶΣظԼģҲ˵СεȷѰҵ˻̶
ˣ
Ƭ̵ĹһĻȴǶȻʧڴͬʱҲǸоһӴѹ𽥵ؽԼϣȴΪʧѹȻҲǽʧ
Ǽ˫ۣɫȴǼΪز԰ף亹ϵص䣬嶼ǲţղһѹڳԼϣ͵ùˡ
ţô£Աߵֻһֱעƣ¿ɫҲżʵ
û¡û¡ƲϵشϢţ˻֣Ƭ֮󣬲ǻصӦҵ˻̶ķ򣡡
ԣֻҲĿɿڴû뵽ƾȻľܹѰҵ˻̶


2553 Ծ
㡭Ѱҵ˻̶ֻĿɿڴؿŷƣ֮гֳһŨŨزš
ôܣķΧ˵ǷƣֻʣҲûģܹƾŸ֪΢λ̶λãһ
ȴˣⲻòֻĿɿڴ
һ˿϶ûа취̥ȴǿԡҲ΢΢һЦҲûκ
ȴСΣô
ڸղŵһ˲䣬һɰѹ֣˲Сε˻ʧˣһһƿɾΣˡ
һѹĪǾ֮ģ
о㵵ͷһţҲΨܹ˵ùȥڻ̶֮ĳ˯֮أԼղŵְ취ȻǴѹ
ǾжԶֻɫҲǸһ˷ܣһĻǿԲäĿˣѾܹĥ
շ߰ɣӦòԶƳһ£Ҳǻش
ΨһòľǣСƺ˳˯УĺӦҲûκλش𣬵Ҳ÷ƵģĪǸղŵѹСܵش
ʵС״̬ǺܺãղѰһ̶֮ʱ֮ѹ׵ľҲǿ⵽˴󲿷ֵѹ״̬ԶȷлҪ
С˳˯УȻҲ޷شƣҲǲС״̬
£ȷǰֻʺͷҲǼٵǰУѹǲйͣϾ̶֮ͻǿ죬ܹȵһôõĺô޷
ʱǴǹһĶһЩߣǵĿ궼һǾǾصﻯ̶
ΪȷķԷƺֻ˵ٶҲǷǳ֮죬ڳ·˽ӽĸʱ֮ǲΧı仯
ƵĲȻͣٶ£ɨһܣѾǳЩƵЩгżΪŨȻ⸽һѰ֮ء
Ȼ棬ܹΪѰ֮صģҲֻл̶ˣ
ǵˣǰûþǻ̶ˡغһҲǸһĨڴɫ̶֮
ǾߣһúôͻӶһ㣡ֻҲǵ˵ͷٶǼǰ
˵ĲǰܵĻѾǷ˷츲صı仯ʼĵİɫŨܵѾʮֵŨ̺Ҳǳ˷Ƶ˵
ȻǳŹ֣ѰĻ´һ꣬ʤʮˡֻغһ̫ŨּĴڣҲǻëɿʶز
Ҫ
ͻȻ֮䣬ȵֳһֵؾɫâ˵嶼ǻסˣЩȻҲ޷ա
ţôˣֻʴʱоûˬȻôһȣҲһŤͷǿ¶ٴеɫҲӳɻ
̺ͨһЩĶսȥˣҲ֪᲻áҡҡͷ
ӿʼһƬʱͬҲֻ㷴ӦʶЩŨϾҲûж󻵴
Ǻܿ죬ƾǷ⣬ЩڽԼ֮ڣȴǱų⣬Ϊڷھʵļɵ
Ȼƽʱ򣬷ʱյǱų⣬ڳǽ;ֻһǲ򵥡
㲻˵ֻɫҲǶȻһ䣬һ°ɫâֱӵشֱֶӵػס塣
֮ţֻʱ£˫ֱӵرƳղԼյҪ֪ղſǵ˹ͷѾֻܶⷬٶҲǿЦãһǲϸİ˵Ϊԭ򣬿ҲǼûа취Ѱĵط
Щܳ棬ʮֵˣԼ嶼ʶգҲΪˣƲǾÿ£һЩ̺һЩʲôĻôЩ˵޽һѡ
Ƭֻ֮ʲǻ˫¶һظɫ


2554 ȵﻯ̶
Щܹ죬㲻˵ĻҲǲֻ˫۵һ仰ô˵ڸһ֮ҲǷһЩѰ
ЩգȻĻʲôǲǾ͸鷳ˡҲǵ˵ͷ
·ˣҲûж⣬Ǽǰɣûв´Ļ̶Ӧþǰ
ֻغһʱܵĻѾǿ֮ܰľ룬Ϊŷưѽ̬ĸ֪ڣҲǲõʲô
Ƶ˵ͷҲٶǼǰߣһβû̫Զܿƺֻ˱һеĿĵأ̶
һ޴ˮ̶ϵ緢͸ŨԼؿ·ˮطʱʱЩ
ǻ̶ֻ¶˾㵵ɫҲ¶ϲӦǵһˣ
ӦþûƵ˵ͷܵĻŷԼԺ֮гֵһƣûв´Ļȷǻ̶
⸽ûˣȻǵһġֻʵ˵ͷҲǹһЦû뵽ղѰҵ̶ˡ
ż޷϶˵ڵλãóȻȥ̶ڽҧͷϮӿɾʹˡƳһ£Ҳҡҡͷ
ô죿ֻԣҲǾеҲΪգؿŻ̶ǰǴʱȴǲܳ嶯ֱӾͿʼ֮
Ȼȥ֮طԱػšһ£ֻҲͻȻص˷ʱ䣬һ֮Ȼõһȥգܹ˵󻯡
ֻ˵Ҳһһ£ҡҡͷȥｻҡ
Ȼһȥ̶ˣӴ֮õĺôȻǲö˵ˣǵڶȥȻҲ޷ŵһȡ
ף㲻Ǵ۾ΪȻŴּĴڣһǵסǡֻЦŵȥ˵һԵ
ֻʵĻҲҲɣȷ˵ĻԼҪסǵģ»ǲС
Դ˵ĸԣѰҵ̶֮󣬿ȱǸ֣϶Ƕ˵ֱӶ֣ʱͱҪһܹסǵĴڡ
ĿǰΪûа취õľǣȥȻֻʣǰûôѰҵ̶
飬Ҽˡţףһ뻯أõĵô޷ģȻֻȷǸȥ
˵ı顣ֻҲǹһЦû׼ͷ󿴿ǲʲôΣա
ֻʵĿЦҶҲ΢΢һЦҲڻشУǾҸ̽һ»̶
²˳٣ڽ̸һ֮󣬷ƱǴֱӵؽ˻̶Уõֻ
ֱӵȥôվڻ̶ıԵˮ̶涼ǳŨİɫ֮ʣҲеεʵ
ӦþǡֻҲһ
Уֱȥˣͽˡغһ漴ҲһԾֱӵˮ̶ϣֱӵȥ
ͨ
һ촫Ȼֻûпغ龰Ϊɫ̫Ũֻȴ֪Ѿֱӵؽ˻̶С
̶ʲôأֻҲ°ɣҲʮֵغ棬ȴûԼְ𣬿ʼֱӵضˮ̶Աߡ
޷̶֪·ҲǲʲôҲǾصȴţźܿͻѰҶҪľЩ˽뻯̶
ֻȴԼĪʱ֮󣬻̶ûдκζֻȴǶȻ˫ΪһɲϢ𽥵ؿ
һŲֻ΢˫ۣɫҲǻرܹ࣬ʱѰҵģҪôɣҪôΪ֮
ǣŻһԸǺߵĻֻΨһܹҲǾӡ
󣬺ֻܿʵǰһģӰŨ֮дԽһ޳ӰȻȴǱһ쳣޴ĳ޳弫Ϊϡ
Ĳȴ쳣ؼᶨÿһ£ܵĿռ䶼΢һ£²ֻʵɫøΪ


2555 Ϲ޼
ͻȻֵǿߣֻʵɫ΢΢һ䣬ûϵȻôǿѰҵҲǻվ
Ų𽥵ؽӽҲʱֻҲͨŨŨɫߵʵòһӦµ꣬üĿü֮һֵػ֮ȥɱ⣬Ȼ˵ӦմȾٵѪ
עĿǣһѳʮֵؾ޴ͦεΪȥ˾úܹ졣
ȻֻʣߵɫҲʾΪ㵣Ȼǻ˱ø硣
ֻضţ˶ǳĬ˵նȻر֮ҲЩ
ӣҪ
ֱӣ߱ǲ²͸ֻʵ뷨֪ԼҪ뻯̶»þֻһء
ǸǵġֻΪԷݣɫҲûκε԰ΪܹʱѰҵ̶ˣ²Ƿ֮
ȻĻǿֻаɱˣܹ뻯̶޽ҲҡҡͷûйĻֱӵȡ󱳸ľ޽
飡
޽ȡ£ֱӵشڵϣȻǷһ죬ֻʿһĻ׶Ȼؽһ£Ϊ־޽µĵص㣬ȻǳЩѺۡ
׵رѾ޽ǶôؾˣȻȴһֱѾ޽󣬲ûκεزʣֻΪɵĵط
˾޽統УһˣϹ죬˾ŶǰǾֻ֮а벽֮ң֪ʲôϵֻʳһ£ԺʱǸһ˵֣統ҲŲ
Ϲ죬ǧǰ統ҲΪصһǿߣһѾ޽죬ޱȳأʹɣʮֵؾˣһȥͬȼǿߣҲǲӲӡ
ǰǿʼ𽥵ʧˣԴҲûٿôһٶȳ֣õֻ˵һ
֪Ļͦģʦֻ֪ҲΪ죬ҽܵϹ޼ɡ
ĻشֻҲǵ˵ͷȻйϵһһ񣬿Ҳǵõʦ洫ϵûҲԽԳơ
ȻǿҪȥ»еѶȡ
ֻʼǴڻ̶УˣȻĻǾԲ˽뻯̶С
ǾҪֲ֪Ϲ޼΢΢͵˾޽һ£Ȼر˺ѣ˾˵ƿ
һֻ̣ʵɫֱӵرһֱӵʧԭأһ˲䣬Ϲ޼ɵľ޽ȴǺ׵سԭվڵλá
䣡
һ죬ʯҲǲϵطɽ𣬶ֻʵӰȷǳһߣûκͣһٶȱֱϹ޼ɶȥ
ϵֻʵٶȿ쵽һַ˼ĳ̶ȣ˲׽ӰˣϹ޼еľ޽Ҳɲϵػš
һѾ޽ʮ־ˣȴϹ޼ɵԵʮֵƮݣÿһֻʵĹ֮ʣܹþ޽ǿĽֵסֻʵĹơ
״ֻȻеΣһ֮ҪˣΪϹ޼ɵսʶ̫ǿˣԼ˲֮󣬱ܹٶеľ޽з
ֵˮ©ķʽһĽֱּˣȻõֻʾʮֲˬҲûа취ֻǲϵؽй
״Ƭ֮Ϲ޼Ҳ֣ͣеľ޽ָֻʵֻ͵ĻǱ˷ʱˡ
ֻԣҲǺٺһЦͲסҪ湦ô
ķʱ䣬ȫ㣬ؽ뻯̶Ϲ޼ҡҡͷֻʱ䣬ֱһľ
ֻʶԴʼⱾģϵʱ䣬Ѿǹȥһʱ֪ƻҪòܹӻ̶֣Ψһܹǣܹ϶ãǶá
Ϲ޼ɵ֮ǼƱǱ࣬һֻ̣׽ΪãƺվԼǰϹ޼ɣѾǺеľ޽϶Ϊһ
˾ǽˣӵ㾳磬ѹָԳƽ񣬲ǽĴˡ


2556 Լ
֮Լ
ͻȻأֻʱǻؿڵиһ뷨
ֻʵĻǴϹ޼ı佣⣬ʱҲǼ˲٣Ϲ޼ɻطо޽ĮȻصʲôԼ
ҽ֣ʤĻôʹӦһ£¼ҪǿߣĻôȻҲǲ뻯̶Ϊ۵ǣһ㾡ܵˡ
ֻʵҪϹ޼ȻҲеԺ⵽ʲôӣ
㣬ڻ̶棡
£Ϲ޼΢΢˼һ֮Ҳǲ²⵽ˣҲΨˣǽͣΪֻڻ̶ıԵȴûȥôֻһǾڣ
ûһѡֻʼ򣬲ûзϡ
ӮңôӦҲ޷Ϲ޼ɵصȻԼȥֻ֣ӵܹΪôȻҲʸܹϹ޼ɴӦ
ǺãԼõˡֻʲõһЦϹ޼ɵΪ˲ûйĻɣΪӸղŵĽ֮УǿˣϹ޼ɵĽ֮гһֹ䣬ܹʩչֽˣҲʲô֮
ػң˵ɡϹ޼ĮȻؿһֻʣеľ޽ҲٶȾһ̰ĽٶһƬռ䡣
һ΢紵ֻʵķ˿Ҳ΢ذڶţɫ࣬һϹ޼ɵı仯´ʱϹ޼ɵֻһ£Ǿǻ
ȻĻҲҪȫˡ
ֻغһâϵڶһ̣һϸĳҲǻسУ
ֻʾȻҲý֮ˣ
ֵֻıϹ޼ɵɫҲǸһĨΪû뵽ԷȻҲý֮ˡ
˽Ϊ쳾ҴСϣǲеһȥֻʵһЦܹƳõĵزɴҲǿԿϹ޼
쳾Ϲ޼ɵһЦҵĽ죬նһУȻҲǰʱ쳾
ôĿֻʹһЦӰȻʩչһεٶȱǰĸҪ죡쵽Ӱ޷׽ĵط
Ѹ٣ݣ
ֻʵĽ⡣
Ψ첻ƣֻҪٶȵĳ̶ֳȵʱôǿģ
Ϲ޼ɵĽأֱӣӣһؽ޷֮ƣֻһѳȵؾ޽ȴһֲСӵ
⼸˵֮ͨԾֽ֮ײ
ֻʵĽƣϹ޼΢΢һЦɫһ˷ܣҪĶ֣ͬýȻڽⲻһ
Ϲ޼еľ޽ûͣϵػţΧĿռ䶼Լľ޽ΧУֻʵĺ쳾ٶжôؿ죬Ƕжôص꣬޷ͻƣӶϹ޼ɵǰ
ҲڹʲôбվŲ
Ƭֻ֮ҲǾе޿κΣÿеˣԼռƣĹ̫أûκλᡣ
ʦ̹һ仰أõĽϹ޼ҲǵصеĶ˿ûͣٶ£ֻʵĹƣҲʮֵӣͬΪý֮ˣһֻʽйǿɾ಻ǿ籩һ㣬ǻκδϢĻᡣ
ϵңõķֻҲҡҡͷĹƱǸӵѸͣԼسֳһܼĹơ
⼸һ򵥵սֲͬӵĽԾ
ڳƬ֮ûдƣõֻʷǳˬľ޽һзӲľͺһڹһ
һϹ޼ɽзʱǵ˿СӣֻԼҲǲӲӶ¡
Ȼ˽гĶ״̬Уʱ䲻֪ؾ͹ȥˣڻ̶Ŀǰûǿֻ֣߳ˣԣˣѾ˻̶ķơ
ڻ̶µķƣʱȴǶû˿ĲڱһΪľ統УȻǲ֪
ʱѾǱµ˻̶ĵ£Ҳǿʼܵ˻̶Ĳһ㣬Ｔ֪ˮ̶棬ܵˮȴһˮ
ǿ˵һҺҲ˵̶۶ɵˮ
һ̶пҪܹ


2557 ֮
ڷƽ뻯̶һ˲䣬˾ʶһֿ״̬֮У״̬ܾȣΪҪͻƵס
⻯̶ȻһŹ֮أģȻ֮ôƴڻ̶ĵ£ɨӶܣԼ֮УȻҺ嵱Уʱʱ΢ڲϵΡ
ԭع۲һ£ı仯õòͣȻ˶𽥵ذ֮ܵӿ嵱С
Ϊ֮գʶһǽʼնѣǲЩ֮ĲѰ֮
ͨͨһ֮ҲñҪ̺Ӷ࣡
һƱǸоԼпҪͻˣ
֮ԭΨĴڲܹգǷȻǴ۾Ϊ̶Ѿ˿ͨЩ֮Ҳûκβ׵ļ
һ£һ۾ĴڣֻܹյôΪһôµĽչ
ȷԼҪͻ֮󣬷Ҳ侲ֻ֪ػӦðȫϲ̫⣬ôҪľЩ֮ͻƣǧѷһûᣡ
뵽Ҳ΢ؼһֻҪЩ֮ԼΪһԾʽؽչпܳ
һǵôҲ˵Ʋ㵱ǿߣ
Ѿָһۣʵ㲻ʲôȴڣھԵǰҲǲŶķΨһıİ취ǾǱøǿ
ƣǱͷسסԼ񣬴Ӷǽ˿״̬磬ǻ̶ҲһŲ֪
ʼԼĪһʱ⻯̶棬˶һֿ״̬һĵ񣬶ûвǣ״̬֮£ͬΪǰ֮ܵѹԵСΣʱҲѵļ
ףطʲô̶ô
Ƭ֮󣬷ڵСҲٶȵ˹һؾϲΪ̶ǸоΪ֮ȡ
ǣЩԼ̺һ˿ѹȻѹõǳ֮ϤǾǰܵһǿѹ
֮
ƴʱѹĻһҲǻͬȵľȣ˶֮
ڵ״ǷƵѾʶؿʼ֮ȻСҲڿʼţΪ۶ɵ̥˵Ѱ˵ѾѾûжãһ֮ȻõСҲʶؿʼա
ܿǷ˱仯ԼĪһʱ֮Ȼֹͣ
Ȼڿ״̬֮еķƣԼ֮ڵı仯ȴûκεظ֪СȴǸоˣϾѾΪһˡ
֮СΣҲǶȻ˫ۣضŷƣڷƵʶϵ֮Ǵӷ֮ڴķӦһΣյźš
ڵľ֪ΪΣȻǵһֱ͵ĳ̶ȣΪڵ״̬ûа취֮ͣһжʶķӦϵ֮ԼѾǳֱˡ
ܿƵǷ˱仯Ϊ֮Ĳ룬ͺһˮװˮǲϵعˮȥĻֻһǾǻ
ڷƴʱ˵̫֮࣬תĻò˶ãͻֱӵرű
һĻǾпܷģʱѵģǿֹһΪһֿ״̬ڵȻҲ޷ת
ȻСǺΪһ壬Ҳûκΰ취ҲֻǸɵۡ
ںٵĴпܱڽͻƣȻʱʲôĻºǲġ
ô죿ô죿ȥɾͻǳܲסᱻЩ֮ӲسűԼ壡СжʱҲΪżƵ״̬
Ҳǲ״֮»ѷƣһŪûŸ֣־̬СҲǲ֪ȥ
ʱСҲ뵽ˣڷڵ飬˵԰ƣ


2558 ֮
С뵽ԵʱҲһΪŷΪһȻҲʮֵĴڣĿǰȴûа취顣
Ҫ취ĻǾҪõתҲΨܹ÷ưĿǰ
СҲ֮ͣԴ취Ŀǰİ취СԴ˴죬ûദһʵİ취
ˣ֪Ļ᲻ڵԶת
Ƭ֮СǰһѾ뵽һ취Ȼ֪ж󣬲ǿֵһԡ
Сεİ취ǣƵ֮ôշڵ֮
оǣһ⣬ǾСεٶȱҪ֮ٶȣΨܹ÷ڵʧĻҲǿ÷ڵԶת
ֻҪһתôСεɣҲǿͣշ־ٶյĳ߶Ϊѡ
һչͷĻƵǻø⣡
ҲֻˣСοƵʱѾǿʼͨ巢죬Լе͵״̬ҲǸΪż֪ȥˡ
Ϊ۶ɵ̥С֮ٶȣԶȷƸҪѸٶˣСҲѸٵرԼ˫˶ڷƵǰ
Сƻط˷Ƶü֮䣬һ̣ǰ֮ǿʼ𽥵رա
־ٶ֮£ܿ죬Ƶǵõ˱仯ǳ΢֮ɫƨɣҲǻػָģҲûҪըģ
̵УСβκεش⣬ΪԼշڵ֮ٶȺܿ죬һСľչȣӶӰ״̬
ʵϣСε־ٶ֮£˶ǵõ˺ܶĸƣԭһֱ֮ڵʱҲǻرϡ
һƵʶؼʼ⻯̶֮ڷյĹ̵УһǱԼգһǽСε嵱С
Ƭ̣СαüͷΪ֣Ҳܹʱؼһ·Ƶѹȴ޷顣
ܻĻôҲԶֻܱ״޷õ÷ո֮һĻ¶ڷҪͻƾ磬Ӱ졣
Ҿյٿһ㣬ո߶Ⱥõ㣬Ӧǲʲô⡣Сοڵ飬ûжķӦҲеΡ
Сδӷڿʼյٶȿʼӿ죬һԵ÷ڿʼʧĿɲò֮ˣ
ͬԭʱҲ𽥵رСա
ˣ
֮£ƺǲڵΣųѾõ飬Ҳٶһɹɰϵش֮гϯƵ壬ھвϵתš
鿪ʼת֮СҲ¶ϲɫΪ֪ԼĿѾǴﵽˣСαǿʼȡԷڵա
ת֮£ٶٶǱ÷Χ֮ǲϵط֮УȻһȴûзƸղŵ
ɹˣȻЧã
СƣҲǸһĨЦݣƵ״ǳ׵õ˸ı䣬ҲǲҪ֮ѷƵű
ΪһĻתôƾܹո֮ˣ
ȻСβ֪Щ֮ʲôãҲطܲѰҺ֮תԼʶգ֪ЩǶôزѰ
ŷƵõ˸ƣСҲƣҲٶǶʼԹ֮һڻ̶֮£ǳôֵһĻ
ԷΪĵһռ䣬һһ㣬̶֮֮ϵ۶ɣû˷Ƶ嵱С
ڷԱ߲ԶСΣҲ˵û飬յٶȾȻȲϷƣҲȻ˸о𾪡
ңƴʱܹϸעĻԸоСε壬ƺ֮У𽥵رʵȻֱ仯΢ϸĹ۲Ļܹ
˱ǲϵ⻯̶֮ʱڻ̶棬ֻϹ޼ɣҲǴѷѽ⡣
ΰ£ڹһķҲ潻ְֻΪŭص
ðҳ˰㡣Ϲ޼ɵ֮ûзֳʤ


2559 ʱĽ
䣡
ʱ֮£һƬռǶֻʵӰǴ֮еһҶۣʱпܱϹ޼ǵȿ񱩵Ĺ
ȻϹ޼еľ޽õֻʺͷֻۣûа취ЧĹһϹ޼ɷʱͷֱۣϵع
֮սһʱȴûзֳһʤֻʵٶѸݣϹ޼ɵؿ񱩣֮Իƣûа취ֳܹʤ
㻹ٱ̬һô
ڿУֻʵӰٶʾһҲǲϵشŴȻǾôһļսõеˡ
˴˱˴ˣ㲻ĻͱҾ޽ˣϹ޼Ҳ˿ʾȻϽǿǶֻҲ˿ûа취
ڻܾеľ޽ôֻƲƲ죬һϹ޼ɣȻҲòȥһεս˫˲ٵ
Ȼǻܹǲ֪㻹ܹ֧ŶáϹ޼ҲǹһЦͻȻؾãԼֻ֮䣬Ȼһϧĸо
ǸĶֻ֡ʼҲǻԼĳҡͷ̾ϧܾȫս
Ϊʲô㲻ȫĻ޷ҽ뻯̶Ϲ޼΢΢üͷؿֻʣΪʲôͻȻֹͣ
Ľ֪㲻һ˵ˣҲΪУ֮ҲûʲôԹûбҪ
ֻʵص֮˵ΪͻȻ뵽һ취ǾͣϹ޼֮ս
ֻʵĻϹ޼Ҳ˳ĬУֻ˸оֺγǣֻʵĽ֮УͬҲǿԴŵؿֻʵΪˡ
Ҫô죿Ϲ޼ɻԼľ޽Ҳǿһֻʵ֮ǲܺķϾ̶Ǳ˴˵Ŀꡣ
Ӧò֪ɡֻʹŹֵؿһϹ޼ɣҲǵڻ̶Ҫ飬ʱ޿Ҫ˵Ϯ
Ϊÿһλ̶ֵ֮޵ģһѰҵǿˣô֮ȻǱģ˻̶ȷҲôֻʼ͵
Ϲ޼ԣü֮䣬Ҳ壬ȷǲ֪ôһ㣬ʦҲûи˵ص㲻ֵġ
ֻһһôҧԼ֮Σ⻹Ϲ޼ɲ²ˣֻʲмǵ飬Ȼÿ뻯̶ǴĻǺܻ侮ʯ
˵ɣ㵽ôϹ޼ɴʱҲǿֻƺǻлҲ˫ֻأֻʵ
ҵ˼Ļ˴˵İȫܹűϣ벻õ֮ʱϮֻҲӺԵ
ôȷһ㣿Ϲ޼һƽؿֻʣֻһҲ˵
ƾվڻ̶һֵܡֻʵصɫ֮һ԰ֻΪȻһ㣬Ըȴǹ䣬һ£Ҳ
ԣϹ޼ɶʱ˳ĬҲڳɲȷǰֻ˵Ļһ˽뻯̶ĻȷǺΣա
ΪҪǿߵϮҪ֪֮ʱܵ˵ͻȻϮǵȺǲ롣
ѵĻǲһˣ֮ʱ򣬲ǵ˶Լĳ֡
һһǸôˣϹ޼ɳĬһ£ʵֻʵԸѾΪϤǶķƣδı棬ҪԼİȫôһˣȷǲôϰߡ
ĳֵܹܵˣǲȥģһԷġֻ˵ʱɫҲΪԺ
֣ˣ
Ϲ޼ɱΪ㵵صյ˱٣ȻֻΪҲֻһͣǾǳ壡
ԼһС˵©ˣֻҲεӺԣ˼ûҾֻʡ
ֻʵĵͷϣϹ޼ҲǵЦȻĻҾʹӦ˰ɣʱͬˡ
ɽһĻЩһҪԸǣҲ˼СֻʺٺһЦô˵ȴѰ˼
Ϲ޼£ԼʱԸˣ¾Ǹӵаˡ


2560 ˵ĵ
Ϊֻʺƴˣ¾ǲԼһǰǴһǰ֯Ҳǲôðյġ
϶֯һЩϹͬڽⲿǿߵУ϶Ҳɵǿߣǵ񲢷ΪѰһ̶Ϊ˱
ĻƾͷҪѵһ´ԵеˣϹ޼ɵĻٺ٣ǽǲһ
ֻʿϹ޼ɽ֣ΪҲΪϤ˿Լܹ˳£һǾһ
˽ͬ˵ʱֻϹ޼ɣһ˲̧ͷһۣ΢΢ΪˣǿͬѰҵ˻̶
޼֣ҵݣĻ;Ҳ̸֪ˡͻȻ֮䣬ֻҲȻش
ΪֻʿǻҪ׼ԸбҪĻҪѵһ¹һϲĶӣһжҪãϹ޼Ѿ֪Լݣһ¶ȥĻôֻڵĴͻǱеΡ
СϹ޼ɻؿһֻʣȻ֪ԷΪôҲͬˣ˵жѡ
һҵĽŲֻܿϹ޼ǰٶȳһӰӰֻʵ΢һ˿ɱӹ
ԱߵϹ޼ҲΪȣĪ߻ֻŶԹ
ûֵľǴ
ʱشŨ߳һ̾ǿǰˣϵɫҲ𽥵
ԭΪԼǵһ˵ﻯ̶ȴû뵽Ȼ˱Ҫһ㣬ʵǳϡ
ڴ֮ҲٶµĿ߽ų֣֮߳һۣҲǰվڴıȻǸڴߵĻ
һĻֻʵ׶ȻؽԼȻûв´ⴺߣŻ棬֤Լİȫ
Ȼƿ˿ռ䷨Ϊ˵ؾˣܹ뻯̶ģһֻߣ֯ҲΪİȫֱӵɳǿ߸棬Ϊ֮á
ɽźü֯Ϲһõô˿ôһͷʵҲǶԼô
ڳ֮󣬿ֻϹ޼ɣĬƬ֮£Ҳû˽нɨӶһܣȻҪֱӵؽ뻯̶
Աߵֻʣ׵ۿŴɵؽ뻯̶ʱȥĻ¾ͻַƣŷ֮ĶԹôװء
ֱֻӵ̤һ˴ǰһ仰˵˼ԣǾǲȥ

Ϊ԰¿˾ȻҪԼʱŭ֯ʥӣȻǱض£
ҹǾ͵ÿûʵˣ
ֻɭȻһЦü֮һĨɱҲԽԽأվǰһԼö֣һϳ֣ԼúС
һ£ֻǾԲʹ˰ݵģƱô֪Щ˲Ҫܹģ
ߣ֪ŭߣͬҲΪ˻̶ȻΪαҪسȴ֪ܹһ뻯̶ӵ벻ĺô
һȻǲֱӵؽ뻯̶ҲˣҪԼҪֱǲ֪ν
ֻʵվڴǿҲһ̤ǰһͷųƣȻ
ֻ΢΢üͷһȻǴĻһĻԵе鷳ˡ
Ϲ޼Ҳһľ޽ٶȱȡֱӵزڵϣЦƾҲҪ
Ľ⣬ʱǴϹ޼ɵ±õǿɫ΢䣬Ϊһ̵ƽ֮ϣǾȻǷԼжԷ
Ҳ˵ǰ˾ȻǱԼҪǿ
ǵ˭΢΢üͷü֮ҲǸһĨ˼˾ԲĬĬ֮Ϊƺ˽뻯̶
˭òܣ㲻ĻǾ͹ԹԵعһȥֻѹеŭ⣬ʱ˿̾Ǻݺݵؽѵһ´֪Ȼڻʱ
ķƻڻ̶֮£ھͻĻ»е㲻


2561 鷳ô
ȻֻʲǲǺ֮£ŶԷͻκδǻԼõ֣ûеߣѾǺѹƵסԼƢˡ
ңһ˵ԼҪ֣Ҳ˿壬Ȼƿ˿ռ䷨򣬵ԼҲܹӦǽϹ޼ԸҲ׵ġ
ֻʵĻԭǿεӶʱŤ֪ΪΣܾڳԼǰۼһǸƺƣ̲סҪֱɱ
֪Ҽ˭ôȻ˵ֱˣ
ʱһ»ҲȵΪԼһִ¶ȻΪ壡
ڹԹԸ¹ϴһ
һ»ҲԱȻصѾǸ۵Ķǿ֯ˣȻ⵲ˣֱ
ɣǺǡֻ΢΢⻹ֵҫ
С֪£Ȼ֪֯Ǿ͸Ͻ¿ͷϴĻ˭ҲȲ㣡
»ЦǼˣһ˿֮ţҲô
ȴû뵽ʱǰһͬҲһˣ˵Ǵˣɵ٣Ҳδõ־壡
ɣͷʵǶģһɳֿʼڣһֱûиı
ɣʲôʱһֱĬϹ޼ȴǶȻؿʵ¶һãȻõԱߵֻ̿װ
֪İèҲû˵ֻʼͬҲ¶һ޹ɫϹ޼ϵ޷졣
ʲôǡ
̫ɶˣ
˵ĶԻʱǰ»òᣬ޴ӷֻǺ֮бŭҪɱֻһ㡣
ʱȴ΢΢üͷصλֺαء
ɲӼܹ֮ڻ̶ǱҪˣô¼ʶ֮Ȼ֯һֱǺܵ͵һЩʲôߴ֮ģȻͦ֯֡
Ȼµֻ˺ϻϷѡ
˵ʲô治Ϲ޼һԺӺԣֻʵϣʵʲô
Ϲ޼ɫֻ΢΢顤Ĳ֪֯ʲôɡѵûи߹ô
ȿȡʦû߹ôֻε˼ŻΪϹ޼ǶĶѣȴû뵽Ĳ֪֯ⶫ
ûСϹ޼ɵĻشܸɴ䣬õֻһ⽣ʦҲǣôϹ޼һЩ顣
ðɣʵһ֯ûʲô˶ѡֻҲʼ򣬹ɵص
󵨣Ȼô˵
ֱҵɵһƽ֮ô
»ʱǸӵڱŭֱǳ裬ʲôûдˣ統У˭ô˵֯
Ҫ֪ɣ½УܹͷʵĴڣȿµֻʿоȻǳ˲ʲôֱ޷̣
˵Ҳ˴ͷʱɫҲǳ׵ؿֻʣȻҲ֪˭ҲΣˣǰɱҲ֪
仰ĳŰɱ⣬ŴѾǶɱģҪɱɶֻʣ
ߣһȺСаڣ֯ͬһ㣡кΪֻԣЦ±ֱӵص
仰ʱڣеŭѹֲסˣһ»ŭʲôаܹСУߣаϡ
Ȼ˵仰ʱͻȻʶԼƺ˵ˣҴҲüͷݺݵصһۣЩ˵ô
һϸȴǱֻʲ׽ˣһ⻰ʲô˼ʲôĪǡ뵽ĳֿܣֻҲǼࡣ
ѵ˵а֣ôܣҪĻӿɾʹˣҪ֪аǸҵǹƥȣһ췭ظĴڡ
һ£ֻҲЦôˣѵ˵ôûаǲһȺں֮ڶˣѵ⻹ʲôֵý
ȻˣǾ㿴Щνں֮ڣôܵġ
ʱеɱҲѹֲס


2562 
ȻʱѾǾҪˣ֪˶ɵĴڣ磬˿ԣԲԼǰˣ
ţ붯ֻ֣˫ֻأҲ¶һȻԵõɫص˭ԽȥһĲȥˣŲţ
һĨЦȻԷţôҲ̣
һ̣嶸Ȼԭʧʧƽʱʧһ㣬Ѱͨٶﵽһֽ˲ƵĴڴչֳĶȴǼΪһ㣬Ǽƾյʧ
޼֣˾ͽҶԸ˲֪ôֵĻǾͷˡֻҲǹһЦԱߵϹ޼Ц
ţû¡Ϲ޼Ҳǵ˵ͷذԼ˾޽Ľ֮ϣ»ɫɵǳһζɫ
һ£»Ҳǵˣ֪ΪΣǰֳ־޽ϸоһɽһѹһʱ֮Ҳû
ͬĴڣǰֳ־޽꣬ȴõ˼κξٶ
ͬʱֻѾŴˣΪѾ֪˴յǿռ䷨ֻҲһֱŷ
ֻ͵һţֳֵһѺ쳾ֱӵش̳ٶȼѸ٣һӰǰһ
飡
һ΢ֻʲԶĿռ䣬Ҳ΢΢زһ£ҲһӰسֶȻʩչ˿ռ䷨Ĵ
㵽˭ʱо֣ǰΪκԼϤģԼ˿ռ䷨λ֮ʣһӦĶһ˲Ĺ򣬱Ǵ΢Ŀռ䲨ԼĶ֪
Ϊƾǵռ䷨ܹκô̫ˣֳֺֻ쳾䣬˶ʱս磬һս졣
ֻô˵ʱɫø࣬һ仰ӵȷǰ˾ԲһˣȻ֪Լռ䷨
Ҫ֪ȻƽʱΪ˸ߵǲҲ֪ôһˣ֯ʥӣʱ䷨򣬵Ҳˡ
ǰˣȻһڵԼĿռ䷨ɴ˿ͷʵǿɾеŵģ
ߣмӣȻǿֱӵؿ͸ΪôЦȻԷΪأ˵ҲûжӰ졣
Ϊɽ򣡾ɱκˣҲǴȥɱ֮˭֪Լµأ
뵽һ㣬ɫøӵϾȻǴҪɱڣԶž󻼣
㻹ɱң»ûʸ񡣡ֻʸо˴Ӵɱ⣬вɵҲ˷˼֣һֱѹԼеŭ𣬴һʼûдɱǵȵƴӻ̶г֮
ûʸ񣬵²֪ô
ٶЦһֱӵʧԭأһĲȴõֻʽѲ׽õ
һӣתˣֻʵĴʼñˣϾյǿռ䷨ƶⷽ棬ȻϢ˲ƣ˭Ҳ˵׼һ̣ͻǳ˭
ֻ룬Ҳǰڳ׼̬ɫϵر仯ţɨӶܣҪԼĸ֪ö洺λãӶ
һΣĿռ䷨һʱֻ֮ͬҲǲ׽κβˣõΪΡ
ߣСģ
ȻʱϹ޼ȴŭһõֻʷӦ˹еĺ쳾ֱӵطִ
һֻͷظ˵תˣϹ޼ŭȵʱѾǷӦ˹׵Լ߳֡
꣡
һ΢측ֶʱڿһĿռ䵱УٶЩѪղŵһȻֻѾǴռĴ
ȻյҲǴһȻһЧ
ĺ߷򣡡
Ȼһ̣Ϲ޼ٶŭһѾǲ²͸˶洺ڵλãֱͬӸӦһ㣬΢΢һܹ²˴λöһ㣬ֻȻҲֱӵذϹ޼˵ķȥȻһûджԷȻ֤ˣϹ޼ɵĸ֪Ȼ˵ؾ׼
ֱ޷⣬һӵпռ䷨ˣȻǱһۿõôԿ
б±ţҲܹҵķ򡣡ֻʵɪһЦɫ֮ȴûȫɾ衣


2563 εĴ
ֻʵķ̣жҪñըˣԼÿռ䷨дգñ˲Լλá
ȻһȴʧЧˣԼжǱһһز²͸
ʲôֽǸֳ־޽˸ɱˣ
һ̣Ҳŭص»㶵վԭأֱʱķǲǻعһۣԿеΪ֮ɫ
ȻͬΪȴͨ˸ղŵƷֱԼͲϹ޼ɵĶ֣ˡ
Ϲ޼һһվǵǰȴǸһɽһĸоǾãͲһĴڡ
ĻҶ֣ҵĽˡ
Ϲ޼ɵصȻƽȴ̺Щɱ⣬ڿеâõ»Ǿһ亹
ʱŭߵĴٴֻʳ˹ȥһӵʧ֮䣬ͬʱϹ޼ɵȴٶ
ұ߷򡣡
ֻʵ¾ǺٺһЦȻ֪Ϲ޼ģҲ˿ûлɣеĺ쳾ֱӵػգݺݵشԼұߡ
꣡
һϸ΢촫һ̿ռ仺ŤţֻһЦ֪ԼղһѾٶȴ˴Ϊغ쳾ʱ򣬿˽ŵѪۡ
ɶǶ
ŭѣӳ˿ûԼΪֶΣʱȴڱǰϷһ㡣
Ը»Ϲ޼ɵѹƣҲҧбͷԼȥԸϹ޼ɣȻֻʾǽ
֮󣬴ҲֱӵرϹ޼ڵλãԷźεȵȻǿԿ͸ԼĿռ䷨
ιιĶҡֻʵ¾Ͳˣֻ׵طŹô
νĿռ䷨򣬵ʲô˲֮һһ㡣Ϲ޼ɿԼ֣ҲǲɵЦ
ԣֻҲʼ򣬼ȻϹ޼ҪԶֵĻôҲǲⴺԼмɡ
ɱˣҵкܶءֻһЦҲʣ»
ղŲǺŵôŸСүֻʶ˹˹ָɫ֮ơ
ԣʱдŭȻϹ޼ɣһԶֵĸоǰˣȷʵûи̫ѹ

һ»Ҳŭŭһһ»һۣ±ֱӵֳҪֻһѵ
һˣϹ޼ֻܹվһҲʹֻʵΪ˿ѷɫϹ޼ɣ
޴ļһȻô֪Լֻ֣ҲһЦеĺ쳾ض±ǻûһĽӰ׵طһƬռ䣡
۹ȥʱѾҪϹ޼ɶ֣ҪŪϹ޼ɵƾʲôֱԼλãǶԷҲռ䷨򣬲Լ֮ϣ
һ㣬ȻֱӱԼȷŲռ䷨򣬵֯Ŀռ䷨ȴǲһһȥģ֮ͬ˼޷ȡ
ϵǣϹ޼ڿ֣ɫҲ𽥵ƽ˾Ȼֱӵر˫ۣ˫ֳֽһܡ
յУҲǲóȻ֣ڹ۲Ϲ޼ɣҪƶϳϹ޼ɵֶΣȻϹ޼ȴֻǱôһ˼⡣
ֵĵûô߻˵ĺҿνĿռ䷨򡣡
ͻȻ֮䣬һֱ˫Ϲ޼ȴǶȻ˫ֱۣĳһЦΪֶΣ
һ̣пνǾ֣ȻıһۿˣΪϹ޼ķ򣬺ȻԼ֮ء
ôܣôģĸƽǵһο⼸޷ܡ
Ȼ㲻ֵĻҾͶˡϹ޼ٶЦȻһ̣Ϲ޼ɶȻһ̤棬˱Ѹٵس
е޽֮ƿΪǷ֮
⣡һﶯ֣
´ɫһ䣬ȻӦ֮ʣȴǷԼһɰĽˣԼôӣ޷߳
Ǽ䣬޽裬׶


2564 
һ̣ĵӿֳһֲĸоԼϹ޼ȰĹ֮ʣȴûκζܵĿԡ
ֻһ취ǾӲ
ǴɲԼܹϹ޼ɵôһ֪һжôؿ£
ƺԶľ룬ʵȴ˲һʱ䣬޽һƲľ޽ֱƿն
յеĴ˲оһɽһѹɫüΪѿһڸо޷Ӳ
£ҧҲâ˸ţü֮Լظһɫӡǣֱ仯֮£˵Ϣ𽥵
ƺǲ˴Ϣ仯Ϲ޼ҲǰһڵĴϢƺĳطʼ˲ϵõеľ޽Լظܵһɱĸо
߾
ֱӵŭһٶǽ⿪Լڵķӡ˵Ϊһı仯ڵĴӵԲĴһս֮
ȱ仯Ϲ޼ɲ˷еĽǾԲܻȴģ
شһ̴Ǳó׵һƬռ䵱У޽ֱӵƿն壡
ȴϹ޼΢΢üͷΪָղһڴ͸ʱûκͣٵģҲ˵Լûشд
ȻƬ֮ԭеĴӰȴǻɢһĻ仯õϹ޼΢΢üͷԼƺûа취ٲ׽ټ
֮ǰܹ֮׽ټΪĽһƬռ䣬ֻҪһ˿ͬ
ȻʱȴǷ֣Լһֶȴٺã޷ټˣֱ仯õϹ޼ɫࡣ
΢УϵɨӶܣеľ޽ҲһֱţȻǶڽҪĹΪɵ
ղŲǺܵôΪĿԿ͸ҵټô
һ̣ɭɭЦȴǶȻϹ޼ɵֶһͻȻı仯õϹ޼ɫ˲䣬а
ΪʱĴڵķӡؽ⿪ȴܹŴԲĴƴܹͨռ䷨ԼϢ׵ûϹ޼ɷʤ
ȻϹ޼ɵķӦѸ٣һ˲䣬ֱӵʶе޽ǸȲϴٶȡ
һɰϹ޼ɵĺ֮ϴݶȻ֮Ϲ޼ɵڵһ㣬صشӰ֮ݺݵڵϡ
䣡
һ죬ʱλ»ֵֻҲǶȻһ±ۿȥ־ȻϹ޼ƺˡ
ҲˣһȻŵֻɫ䣬ȴΪ֮ȣܹΪ֯ʥӵļһȥ
Ȼһܺõ˵
޴ļһƵֵزֱѰ·
û֪ôĶ˭ҲȲǣ
ҲЦֻʵ񣬳һɫȻǺ״̬֮µĴжôؿֲ
ߣ˶ѣȰ˵ļһɵ
΢΢ûоôȥϾܹһӵˣΪȻǲӡ
ҲûжϹ޼ɣȻʱǴƣΪĵӣôֻôһ㱾¡
ֻҲҪѸٵؽǰ˵ĲӬȻǹȥһⴺʲô֮
ȻֻҪٴζԸǵʱȴǷִʱѾ½Ϣ𽥵ؿȻǿѾѰҵ˴˵ػ̶
ˣֻҲûдʹ˰ݣȻ֪ƻҪòſǴӻɱڣԼǰ˫ѾǴΣվһ
뵽ֻɫ𽥵ƽֳź쳾˶Ǿֹһ㣬վ»һۣԿеɻ
һ̣һ΢΢΢شõ΢΢عȵȣôܻз磿
˲ѰʱѾΪʱһֻʵǾֱԭʧһ磬еĺ쳾â׵֮ͬ
ৣ
һĹֻʱٴԳӰһֳֺ쳾»󣬽زš
һѪеĺ쳾֮е¡


2565 ԵĽ
һϵжֻ֮ʲǻת»ǲɵ΢΢һĨЦλȻҲţҲˣ
Ҳ룬ԼܹϹ޼վһȻڶԷϹ޼ܹƾƾܹѹ޷ͬģֻҲǿԣǸӵر
һֻҪһǿõλ޵ֿ֮
»Ǳԭȵƣǵ˫ȴ𽥵ʧȥ˹âһѪȴǳǵĲ֮
ǵɫҲûзӦֻ˵ֻһٶʵ̫ˣ
쵽ǸûзӦʱһĹλλɥں쳾֮£
ȻһĻķȻҲõڲԶĴΪΣû뵽ȻǱһɱ
ɫ𽥵ر֪ԼĴǱúܲˣһϹ޼ɾܹоɵټһֻʵĻǿ⿪ԼķӡҲȻ޷Ը˵֡
ȿȡˡ
ȻʱǳĵȴǻشһȻϹ޼ɡ
˴һ֮Ȼ棬ʵͷӦⲢǶ˺ֳ־޽شӳ߳
ĽǱĻɽһ㣬һϹ޼΢΢ɨһΧֻѾǽԼĶ֣Ҳǲɵʼ
ҲǾˣҪȻඪˡ
һ˲䣬Ϲ޼е޽Ȼһ̣͵һ̤棬˶һ޽ƿգ˴̶
Ʋɵ
Ϲ޼ɵĽ⣬ɽ纣֪ĹΣҪľһ޷ֵĸо
ǵģָоԴʱϹ޼ͬһĽ⣬оԼΧĿռ䶼Ǳ׵طԼʹÿռ䷨Ҳ޷жܣ
ȻˣǾʶһʲôɭһЦü֮һɫӡҲǱøΪ貣
һ̣ӡʩչΪĵķԲﷶΧ֮ڵĿռ䶼ǿʼϵһֿµĲȻ˵һĻȴǳֶ
Ϲ޼ƲɵĹȴ𽥵رͺʱϹ޼ɵǰһĪ赲ǰһ㣡
ȻǴڵĿռ䷨ãһĻܹ֮лϹ޼ǿµĹƣ
Ҫ֪߷ʱ۳ǾģȻһ˴ϵĻƾͻ𽥵Ӱ죬
ȻƶǱĻôһεĹҲǿ˵޶Чˡ
һĻֻҡҡͷϹ޼ɺǿһϣĽأһֱһƲɵ
ֽܿ£ͬʱ֮Ҳһ㣬ǾֽĹһ֣ӣȻǴĿռ䷨ӰϹ޼ɵĽ
һĻôϹ޼ɾ͸޷ԼصйпܻᱻԷѹƣ
ҳֹֻ֡ŵǻֵĻȻǴĿռ䷨ûκãΪĽϹ޼ɸպ෴
Ϲ޼ɵĽ˸оͬɽһ㣬ɳԽôֻʵĽһһƮݣûκԽס硣
Ȼ飬Ҳõֻ΢΢ز죬ΪȥôãϹ޼ɵĽ磬ûκμ˼
˼һȻǵõ˽洫һֻ̣ʵҲ΢΢ΪҲǿһŵ
Ϲ޼ɵĽֹǰ򵥣Կռ䷨֮ʣǰĽȴûκμ
ҵĽ޼᲻ݣ
Ϲ޼ɫȻȻĶڿռ䷨Ӱ֮£ʼ𽥵رóٻȴɼᶨĽǰؾˣ
Կռ䷨ҲһؼеĽնһУռĽ
һ̣ɫǶȻرѿΪԼݵĿռ䷨򣬾ȻǿʼϹ޼ʧȥã
Ϲ޼ɵĶٴαø޽سֳһ貵âǲ֮еգ˲󣬺ݺݵشӰ֮
һ޴Ľϯռ䣬涼ǲϵزţ
ֻɫ΢΢رһҪӲҲе鷳


2566 
䣡
һ촫ڻ̶ĵ涼ܵӰһ㣬һıʵ̫ǿˣ
þùֻʲɨӶΧҲǲɵõظһĨ죬ǰһѺۣ״ӦϹ޼ɵһ
һ֮ȴӵ֮ƻЧֱǺš
ǽѹʦ˼ҶԽҲǳ޲ܹһƻҲֻнǵȽܹˡ
Ȼʩչһ֮Ϲ޼ҲǲͣشŴеľ޽δ£ֻʿֱѾǿʼ΢زš
һܼ֣Ͳеľ޽ܳôֻʿһĻҲֹҲɨӹܣȴûзǴ䡣
òһ˰ɡֻвɵø̵ˣⴺҲʵ̫˾òһˡ
Сĵ㣬û
ȻʱϹ޼ȴǻصȻɫôغãֱڲϵضţܿ޽ûˡ
֪ҪǼһôˣҲûʸʲôʥˡֻʵһЦ˵⻰ͬʱʶҲǲϵҪûѰҵԷ
ȻȻһҪ˴ǶԷӲȫҪȫ£Ҳǲܵġ
Ҳ˵Ĵ״̬ǱϹ޼ɺòȥֻܹʱֵĻôȻͿԳûҪ˶Է
ણ
һŲشȻֻϹ޼ɶ΢΢һ㶣ֻ΢΢ƫͷǰǲ˵ʱ֣Ҫһ˭
Ƭֻ֮ʵɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ȻҲϳߣ
һԼĪĸˣΪ׵һ꣬Ȼ˱ǹһĶӣ룡
ǹĳֻ֣Ҳĥţһ˵Ļ¾ǲˣʱƣŸǿѰҵ̶ʱԼҪסȻǲܵ顣
ưƣ㵽׻Ҫð
ֻʶؿһƵĻ̶ھƽǻ̶Ѿǹȥ˴죬ȴûκζⲻɵ΢΢ż
ȻŹ˵ĳ֣еҲǱùŹֻʴʱûб¶ԼݣȻҲǲֻʵݡ
ڴʱ˲ƣҲǳ׵ֻ֪û뿪ֻԼֶնѡ
ʱ˿̣ͻȻֵĹ룬Ҳ¶һΪȤɫΪͬΪԼǵһܹѰҵȴû뵽˱죡
˭
뵭һЦȻɫûжı仯Ȼȴһ˿ģһжԴݡ
ֻϹ޼һۣûͻȻֵĹ룬ǰǰϵɨӶܵգͼҪ׽ŴټͼҪлɱ
Ϲ޼ɣʱҲ֧ŵ˼ޣղһпǺķҪʩչһεĻʱ伸ǲˣҲǻطԼеľ޽ʼϢƽһԼڱڵѪ
ĮԼĴڣȻɫҲһ˿ŭɫ֪⻯̶ɲһܹѰҵǿŵµͺһսʣӦͬһġ
̫ˣȻҵȣҪҪ
ͻȻڹһȴɫظڹĶߵǵݣ˵ܺߣҲ㱻ӡ
һ룬ҡҡͷһ̣Ϲ޼ȴǶȻ˫עŷ˵Ǹˡ
ȻЩûϹ޼ɵˡ
ͻȻעӣõɫȴǻһֱĸо޷ֱϹ޼ɵ⣬ԼԵĲһˣһѽ׽
λ̨ҵ²£һºѵġ
Ȼյı仯ʱҲ˵û¶ǿƣ⻯̶ܹص͵͵͵һ˽㣬ǿɾͲˡ
ֻȻҲǽһ۵ףƳһ۹룬вɵǸ̵Ȼǹһϲ֣
뷨õùһ͹֪᲻Ǳߣ
ȻϹ޼Ź˵֮Ҳһر˫ȴһĻõ˻׹ѡ
ܺԼͣ´Σɣ


2567 ᣿
Ϲ޼ɵǿƣһǿҲ޻˵Ϊ֪⻯̶ܹìȻá
Ϲ޼ɵԱߣǻһһֱĬֻʣϹ޼һ㣬ֻʸĸоҲɲ⡣
Ȼ뵽Ҳûвõֻʵݣֻ˵һ¡
Ƴһ۹룬ֻҲû˵̫Ļû˿ķɣϾյУȻس֣ɻһЩ鷳
Ȼ뿴˵ɫɶԼ㲻ǣҲԳһЦҲǿʼɨӶܣ﷢һսȻֵľϹ޼ɣһˣ˭
һҲ֪ˣһԼеˣ⻯̶ʾģѾǳˡ
ڵµĺ»ƳϵĴ֣ɫЩ仯
Ȼʱһ󻺻ţһĻ仯ȻҲϹ޼ɺֻʵע⣬˱¶˽ɫ
ⴺǰ಻סҪˡ
ֻȴ΢΢üͷɲֹһ˳֣һȵĹڣⴺ֯ģ֮֯ĶԹ޷ģʱ֣Ѱ·ô
һ̣Ӱ滺سֶɫ΢԰ףѪҲе㲻ȶȻղϹ޼ɵһ˲ٿͷ
һ£еȴǱȣɣ壬ȴǾؾۼ˭Ҳ֪һ̻ᷢʲô顣
ֻʵǲɵ΢΢ⴺ֮ǵ֣ǹҲ׵طŹϾԷɵʥӡ
ȵȣ
ֻк뵽ʲôɫһӱ롭ʱȴͻȻط֣޴ôʱ
ȻͷֻԼǲţʵ̫ˡ
ֻ֤һ㣬ڳ֮ɨһ֮Ҳǽ˹ϣͬһʱ䣬ҲעŴ
ɵʥӣôģ
뵭ؿڵǵƺʶ˴
ߣһɲô׶Ըġҧһôˣʱ䷨֮ʥӣȻǰ֮ϡ
˵ĶԻֻһһȻʶģҲûһʹ֣һĻȴкǲ
Ҳʵ˶ѡҡҡͷ˼ƺǲûдԴֵ˼ȻʱֻҲȷˣ²򵥣ȻŴһˣ
Ϣһȥǽõڲ޴󶯵ɣⱾǶĴڣȻݲ򵥣һĶӣ֮ʥӣ˱Ӧԣȴʱؽ̸һ
ߣ˵ôϻֽˣǾܹ뻯̶ҧгݵص֮б޾ɱ⡣
Ȼ
ŴֻⷬޱȣŴŹᣬ˵ŹᣬɾԲһС¡
뵭Ƴһ۴ǵС˼ǰʲôسֲΪ˱ҳ֣ô
һЦû˵̫ʲôעһֻʣɭȻصСӣֻԹˣ
ֻϹ޼һۣ֪¿²Լ֮е򵥣ŴһʵڲһϢ
֣κ֪еˡ
ʱ˿̣ҲǻתעֻϹ޼ɣȷǲ붯֣ⴺȴǱƵ֣Ϊ˼֮ĹϵҲֻ֮£ֻʺϹ޼ɶ֡
̫ϳ֮ӣȻɵʥӹһϢ𺳰ֻʸ̾ص´𾪵Ϣˡ
һһȥ֮ھͻǷ䣬һ̫ϳϵĶӶɵʥӹһô֪ˡ
Сӣ֪Խ࣬Խ졣
ɭȻһЦ˿жൣǣ˹˵İǲֻϹ޼ɻǻӳȥĻᡣ
ֻҪɱôĻ̶ǵˣ֮ĹϵҲǲõĻᱻй¶ȥ
ⴺ仰֮ʣڹҲǶȻرͬǼˣҲһɱ֮⣬ֱֻϹ޼ɣ


2568 
ʱ˿̶̣ҲǱýϹ޼Ȼǲ֪ʲô飬ȻҲǺףͻȻֵһˣȻŴйϵġ
¿ɲˡ
Ϲ޼ɿЦҪԵĲǴһ룬˾ƽƽͬһȼĴڡ
ڹ󣬿ɻλȣ΢ѷһĴڣ붼λ֮ϣһ˳֡
塣
뿪ɣǣеˣ֮򵥡ֻͻȻصתͷϹ޼ɵΪŹĹᣬȻѾǲͨĶԹˣ綼˶
ʲô˼Ʋô
Ϲ޼ɵҲҡҡͷֻ仰˼ǲ鵱УȻϹ޼֮ˣ
ؽо޽ţϹ޼ɵ֮Ҳǳֳһ־˵ս⡣
ġֻʳĬһ£ʧ̬ķչѾ֮еˡ
δ˭Ҳ֪ûƴô֪¹˭֣
Ϲ޼ʼǵɫȴһؼ㡣
У֮һţҶ˱ֵܣֻҲ΢΢һЦϹ޼ɵļ֮䣬ʱ򵥡
Ǿֵܣ
ֹͷˣȻֵ飬ʵ˸жȻĻǾֵܣͬȪ·ɣ
Ա߿һĻҲǹСȴһɭȻɱ⣡ΣҲǱҪ
ʵֻʺϹ޼ɴһ֮Ҫܹ׷ɱֻҪһ߳ȻҲǲõĽˡ
ڣƻڻ̶Уֻǲܻ׵ؽҪ֪һ뿪ĻȷǻᰲȫǷҪԵͻΣգ
޴ıƾ⼸˻ɱүôΰɡ
ֻʺˬһЦҲ˹ϣɭȻصǹһϲĶӣһݣ֪֮ʥӹһӻʲô³أ
ֻⷬɫҲ𽥵Ϊӳֵڣû͸¶ԼݣǶȴһ۵ƣȻ˵ԷϳԼ
䵣Щ㻹絣һԼɡ
ɫ𽥵ڵϢҲǰ粻ϣƺʱҪ׼Ŷ֣ȻԷѾϳԼݣôڲΣ˶ǱҪ
˵ɱô룡
ֻһЦҲֱӵؽ⿪Լαװʵò¶ΪֵزûбҪټȥ
㣡ֻʣ
£ױǽû뵽վǰģȻֻʣ
Ķӣֻʣ
ֱ仯ȻҲõôΪ֮һ㶣⵽ҲǲһȣһһֱαװԼòǵڻǲ֪
ٺ٣˵СӣүǲǺܳԾôôֻЦ
ģȻֻʣǳĺ£
¿ĶȻֻʣȻҲ̲סˣ±ƿڴݺݵصһ۴
ǻˣɱҲɱˣһǣ壬ԼǻֵĻ¾ͱòˣ
ߣֻʣΣ
ŹķӦһЦϣɭȻصһɱͿôҲҪҲνˣ
뼸ŭģɱĻǵȵôֻʵݲ򵥣ϱȻĳЩֶΣԼɱ˶ԷҲһ׷飡
ʲôξģɱû֪֮Ĺϵʱ׷Ҳ׷鵽ͷϣ
Ƴһ۹룬Ҳ¶ԷͻȻڣӿɾʹˡ
ɫȻлڿţϾһĶֻʶ֣ôҲûлͷ·ˡ
һûأ֣ܻڣð
ֻŴеɱҲѹ֣ھǺ޲Ŵ֣
ǸĻǾɣ˿壬ֵزҲƵˣΣֻվܹҲֻһߣ
룬㻹ʲô֣ȻŭһȻе㲻ʲôʱˣĥĥ䡣
غһɫ֮ҲǸһĨµҲܹˣֻʱ


2569 ս
Ĺɫ仯ֻɫҲǱƺҪ¶ҪˣôǾҪһֽ޷ľ浱У
ǴŹĻôǻŰ֮սڸλλ
Ѱʱ䣬ֻʣϹ޼ɣǽλڣǴʱȴǲһȻԷܹڹؼʱ򣬶ԼĹ
ưư㵽׻Ҫã
ֻҲǲɵżһŷڵĻܹıһƣ벻ô򲻹ӵĵֻʱҪ
޼֣ߣѰҵĳϣǽ¼ɣ
غһֻҲ¶һּɫƵ󻹲ֵĻôҲǲ뿪Ϲ޼ɲͬӦ뵽־ȴΪԼʱҲҪ
֣ΪβߣϹ޼Ϊɻؿһֻʣ˵ڣҪߵĻǲ£û
Ҳߣڻ̶棬ҵֵܡֻغһҲϹ޼ɵļǸˣǣ
һӣܹΪֵܵ˺٣ʦǸ߹ңԸԼͬˣôҵֵܡϹ޼ɵһЦʾֻʲ⡣
Ϲ޼˵ֻҲǹһЦҲǻسĺ쳾ϸĽϵţǼѹֲסɱ⣡
䣡
һ΢죬Ϲ޼ҲǾе޽˱ǿҵս⣬һս
б¾ͰСү
ֻʹһЦӰȻʩչͬһһ㣬ӶĿǴΪϹ޼ȥԸĻδе̫ӸղŵѾܹ
ԼȥԸĻӦû΢ռϷ磬ΪĽռ䶼޷
ȻҪԸôҾͶԸһɡϹ޼Ҳ΢΢һЦȻֻٶҲΪãҲǽ˹ϣһҲ˿
ֻʳԼҲɭȻһЦӰҲٶգͼÿռ䷨лɱֻҲǼ֮磬޷ĥ
Ѱһᣬһлᣬ̳֣
Ҳغһڶ֮ǰŤͷŸԼλ鷢չֵزȻҲˡ
ʲôֶΣǱҪ
ӰҲǶȻʧԭأϯ̶һֵ¶ȶȻǳܵĿռ䡣
ùٴγ֮ʣǱһŨĻɫâһսһ㣬ΧĿռ䣬ϵŤţǳܲסȵ¶ȡ
ϵ򣿡
ڹı仯Ϲ޼ȻҲΪ죬ƿصǻϵзصǿ񱩣ƻ
Ľȣǵâ
ΪƲɵĽ⣬񱩵Ļϵ¹˭֣˵׼
֮ս˲ûйķϻΪһ֮ս˫ΪɱԷսûôһ˵
Ż̶ǵսսλҲһֱվԭأûֱӲ֣ǺԼǾǵȴ¶Ӷٳ֣һɱЧ
ҲΪˣֻŹڽսʱҲСһֱδܹȫԸϾҪԱߵλϮ
ڻ̶ϵսǳ磬ڻ̶µķƣȴǶڴ˿֪飬ǳֿ״̬֮С
ڷƵȫǻɢһ΢âΧ֮ϵرգһ۶ɵСϵߣȥΪ׳ۣ
ͬʱƵ˵ϢҲǷЩ仯ʼһҪĻɽһ㡣
ԱߵСΣҲǶȻ˫¶˾ϲɫŷƣҪô
Ȼ뻯̶棬Ʊһֱ״̬ѾܾˣڳֳôֻһֽͣƼҪѹ
֮СҲǸ̾ʵ̫ˣΪ֮֮󣬸оԼǷһЩ֪ı仯Ȼʲô仯ȴоǰͬˡ
ˣôֻɱ䵽ʲô̶أ


2570 Ⱥ۾ۼ
ʱƣƽ뻯̶ʱԽԽãڻ̶֮ȻҲ𽥵ؿʼ٣ΪЩǱһա
ԣӦ˵ǱգԭŷƵ״̬ƾһ˵޷ô˵֮ȻȴΪתһжǷ˱仯
İ֮£ЩΪŨ֮ڽ˷Ƶ֮ٴαһ£Ӷ˷Ƶĵ֮С
Ȼ֮𽥼٣ҲǼҪѵĹͷĿǰֻҪһѵĻôƾǻͻƣ
ô֮һͻƣֻǷĿУһͬԱߵСҲ˵
ڷƸĸоͺһʱпܱĻɽһ㣬֮һ֮ʣǻΪһǰδеĸ߶ȣ
Ȼֱ仯ڻ̶ԱߵĽսȷ˿֪飬ԭΪֻҪɱֻ֮󣬱ܹ׵ؽ̶ܹ֮
˵֮˵ܹ˳ߵľ磬Ǿ
ǳɣôӵеĻᣬҲǱѰ˸֪࣡ʱ̶֮ڵ֮Ѿʣ޶ֻ࣬һʲôľʱ顣
ңʱƣĸ֮ս޷ֳһʤֻʶԴϹ޼ɶԹ룬ĸ֮䣬˴˵Ϊǲֻ࣬Ϲ޼Ϊ˼ɵԱߵλҲһ֣޷ȫս
ĻѰȻ˵Ӯ͹룬Ҳս˽֡
ʱĸڼҵսȴ½һЩǿѰҵһӾƾǱ΢
һλֵһɫ۷ǿߣڳ֮󣬱˵صսҲһһ۽սǼˡ
һɣһȣһ壬һȻ֪ȻҲȥ
ľҲǺǣǾǲֱ֣ӵرվԶԶģһսҾҪ֣ʣλҲǲᡣ
ĳ֮󣬵ڶλֵˣһһŮΪ˵ѡҲͬûκζǾԶۿš
ųֵԽԽ࣬ڽս֮еȴǿʼЩ̬ϵı仯뿪ʼżˣΪŴ֮ĹϵǾԲܹ֪ȴ³ޱȵҡ
ӻɱֻʣȴûа취뻯̶˶ǻɱڳֵǿԽԽ࣬ԽԽʰ
ֻֻʵˣͻȻ˵ĳ֣Ҳһϲ˵ɾһ£ֻҪң
ԽԽã
ֻҪˣôͻ˸оɵеӣҲǲܽ˸Ͼɱ
ڿ㻹ôڣ뵽ʱֻҲˬһЦûбӺõľˣڲ˵ĳ֣ϣ˵ĳ֣
ģӾɲʰˡ
뿴ֻɫҲǺݺݵһ£ûа취Ǳ˴֮Ϊ޼ɣҪһ˲սǼǲܵ飬ֻϹ޼˴úرأλû˿ĻѰҵ
Ƭ֮ٶǿ½سֱ֣˰ʱ֮󣬰ǰģѾŽӽŸǿ߳˴˵أ
ǳ֮ͬѡ񣬲ûֱӵز֮սΪǶͷ֮֯飬ɲֵܹġ
ܿǷתֻԼû뵽һĻΪʮλǿҲǻسֻ֣ʮλ뻯̶ǿߵȴеõֻˡ
ΪʮλֵǿߣϵͬҲ֯Ĵ壬Ҳ˵֯ǿߣ
״ֻҪһ˼ӽôƾͻ˲䱻ƾ⣬˵ĳ֣Ȼֻ˵ɲһϢ
ҪԹ˭
ڿ˵֮󣬴ҲǹһЦΪϤͬطҲǷǳϤǵ̻¥ĴԲĴڣʣ
־棬ʵĳ֣Ǿ˲䱻ƣֻʺϹ޼ɵĴҲǶȻرΣ
ڳ֮󣬿һۣȻҲڵĴûйĻֱӵؾǳ֣ĿȻֻʣ
бʲôúֻʵ±Ǳæˡ


2571 ѣ
ʵĳ֮ӾƾǱÿɲôˣϾһ˾ǿѹڵһˣ
ԲĴڣǼֻſ𾳵ĴڣֻʺϹ޼þһֶΣҲܹǿֲܶѡ
ִڵĲ룬ֻ˲Ǵƣüζ㾪յرع
ġ
ֻʲɵдҲ̫ˣȻ֯һԲĴڣ˿ȫ֪顣
ȻԭľƣܿǻᱻƣʱϹ޼ɣҪԵõȥ
ʵĳ֣ɫҲ𽥵˲٣ʵĲǲõֻǷܹܵõˡ
ɱҪʱ䣡
밵дʱȥ»仯ǸʱҪٶƿؾ棬ɾͲôˡ
ڴ֮󣬴Ҳ΢΢ص˵ͷʵĹƱøֻͣԼһּҪʧܵļ
Ҳд󶨣ҲǼΪغƱҪϹ޼һɱžһк󻼣
ȻʱֻϹ޼ɶ˾֮ʣ̶ȴǿʼȻ𶯻ʮֵ΢ǿҲǸоõΪֻЩ˽ѡ
ܿ죬Ƭ֮󣬻̶ܵԽԽԣҲǷ׷׾㵲ѣȲѾĸ˽ֵķΧ֮ڣ
Ҳ˵̶֮һЩΪ֪ı仯
Ȼֱ仯ȻҲõڽս֮еļ˲õǱǷ׷׾㵣׷ʲô顣
ֻʳУͣԼӰͣشŴɨӶܵĻȻǷ֣ŨȻԼؿʼõ
ĪǡĪǷƣ
£ֻһ뵽ܣҲֻзƴӻ̶ѹĻǲֱᷢ仯ģСӵʲô£Ȼõ̶𶯣
ֻҲɻѣʱǴʣǹ붼ͣ׷ɻɨһܣΪ⻯̶Ȳ
ЩҪľǻɱ
뵱Ҳŭصʲôʱ򣬻ʲô̶ֻҪǰ˻ɱž˺󻼣ǻ̶˭ܹ᣿
ҲǻعҪֻ֣ʴʱѾ϶˷ƼҪѹƳܹ֮ǴһЩŤתƵĻᣬҲǹҲǱ
ߣѣ
´ҲЦٴβϵʧ֣ʱʱֻɾ޴ѹ֮⣬ʵĹ͵ֻʸоܶѹ
ʱһĺȴǶȻڻ̶õһƬǿ߶𶯣׷ǲ˼ؿǻ̶
Ǽ䣬ΧЩ۶ɵ˲ǳ嵭һɰѹϯ֮䣡
ʣҲΪ֮ɫоһɺǿϢԻ̶֮𽥵ѣ
̶֮ˣ
£Ҳ޴֮뵽һ㣬µΨֻһֽͣǾǡ̶֮£һȥˣ
ȴһֱ֮ĳɱ䣬Ȼȴһֱ֪飬ʱ˿̣ǸѾɱɣҪѣ
ôܣȻ˱ǻ쵽Ŀɿڴ޷ʵֻ߱ʵϣŭ˵·˭
ֻͬʣʱȴЦݣ״¾ǷѹҲǹһЦ·ˣСүһӵڣ
Ϲ޼ɴʱҲ΢΢һ֮лҪһ㣬̶·һλѹĻôƽٴŤת
ɫó࣬ȭͷţҧгݵؿֻʣԼʹĹϵ¶ǾΪ޴һ£
һ̶̣һӾǵ۷壬ʵ˷׷˺󣬵ҲǲֻʵˣֱӵԶ뻯̶ķΧ
䣡
һ޴촫쳹һЩڻ̶ǿߣҲܹŵõ֮󣬻̶֮ҲǶȻ緢һɾ޴ˮ
һֻ̣ʵⶸȻؽһˮΪˮпһֵӰ
˭
Ȼ˽˻̶һôˣ
ģǶˣ
ʱ֮£Ҳע⵽ˮ֮еӰ׷ΪͬʱҲǲõ̶ƺ𽥵ؼ


2572 ֮ʧ
ڻ̶֮Уһ޴ˮʱֱӵӿ֣ǿ߶ǴˮԼؿһӰֱʱǲ֪ԭһֱ˱Ǹȵﻯ̶
ͬһʱ䣬ֻʵɫһĨõЦݣѾǱϳˣһӰȻڷƣ
ͬʱڴŹ˵ϣǳ࣬ԼǷŭ
ﻨôĿľΪ˻أȻʱ򣬲ǸǣȴһֱˣģѾĳɱ䣡
ģϵˣҾ˵һôһֱܣԭˣҲĿνŭڣǰɻΪֻʵ˴ƣ뿪˵أڿԭΪػĳˣ
˭ΪοıӰԼеϤ
עһˮֵ֮ӰҲǸֳһĨƵĸоֱһƺԼʶġ
ڹ룬ʱɫ֪ԼĴе鷳ˣҪôɱֻʣý췢鳹׵ǣһֻʰȫ뿪ôȾͻ֪һ£ʱ綼û˿Աס
˵ֵܣ
ʱϹ޼Ҳ΢΢¶һĨЦݣǳ˺תϾˣô˵һĻҲŲٵʤ㡣
ûҪȻˣȵľֻʹһЦҲе㼤ķƸĸо̫أϾһλ۾ĴڣȻܹĴڽ֣Ҳʵ̫ˣ
񾭹֮ϴ֮󣬷ֻǿεȵز
ԣ̶ܵɢ
ѵ֮Ѿûô
ôܣ֮࣬Բһ˾ܹģ
ҲŲ˲ˣΪֹǻ̶ƺ𽥵ؼһĻȻǵĻţҲ뵽һǾΪ̶֮ڵ֮ϣŻǳһ
Ҳ̫Ź˰ɣһ˾Ͱ֮ϣ
ʱֻҲ¶˾㵵ɫһȫû뵽ģֱǱҪ
ġλֵܹȻһˡʱϹ޼ҲʧƬ̣ǻصֱǲ˼顣
Ͼ̶֮ڵ飬ܹﻯ̶λǿ߶ǱȽϤ̶֮ڵ֮һ㶼ܹǿ߽յķȻȴǽһˣͳ֮Ķʵ̫ס
һǵġ
ֻһ֮ҲǹһЦȻһλ̶֮ڵ֮ʧˣ˵ȷеʧЩ֮ĶǱյĻôֵõģ
֮ſͻƵãƲһ۾Ĵڣȴܹô֪֮ķƻɱ䵽һ˺εȾȵĵز
ʱ˿̣͹˵ɫνҰ֮ɫһνĿľΪܹȡ֮õеͻƵϣȻϣȻȫգ
˭Ҫɱڵ֮
ɱⱩǻĽ֮·Ҫ֪Ĵڣܹյ֮ôǱѰŸܹͻƵĻᣡ
ҲǴ㱩ŭԭʧȥ֮ĻᣬǴϣ⻻κˣ޷ܡ
˶һҲǽȭͷҧгݵصķչѾȫسƿأΪ֮Ϊ֯Ĺϵ˶ֻʣ
ҡ֮⣬ڻ̶˶ǲܻ뿪
뵽еɱ⼸ѾѹֲסˣɨһܣһǻžǿߣȻĴڣһЩվһЩµϹΪ
ȫʱֻҪԼƵΣһжƵ֯ϣôɻȵһ˾
Ҫ֪һǻһɱﵣΪԲĴڣǼˣɱڳˣֻҪʱҪһѣ
Ȼ
ʱʵɴ˫ۣҲ¶˾㵵ɫΪѾԼϳ˴ˮ֮еһӰ˭
ţʶʶ¶ɫҲΪɣ±ǽʵϣǴǶһӰһĪϤо


2573 ʵ̬ȱ仯
ơǷƣ
૵صһˮֵ֮ӰڷƵϢҲϤҲǱϳֻɫȴе㸴ӡ

ɫǴ䣬Ӳܽܣƶ˵һϣһΪ֣ԼˣҲںڳô
˭ʶ¹ҲǳͻȻ鷢չԼǾԺĵزˣ޷ƿأȥĻ˵һּΪ
֮ȲӦͦôغһҲҧƣһȻǳǻֻʳ˹ϵ
֮
¹΢΢һ£Ժ˼һҲǰʱ飬ǾĸԴż˽Խٰ½ȴǳһأȻҲйأ˵Ǹ֮־ͽƣ
ǰ½һ֮ѣɱҲɱˣغһȻûʲôôӲں
У
ʱǵһԣҡҡͷɨһ¹룬ص˭Ҳ
ţʲô˼뵱¾ǲˬˣһ֮ѣ½һץһѣѲʲôͷȻ֯ĳҲҪ
ʣҪɱ
¿˵ҲǰΪԴӴĲ²˵᳤֮֯϶ǾϧһжҪѰҵƣ
Ϊƺп֪а䣡֯˵ûʲôаҪаܹôһ飡

ʱǱһˣ΢΢˫ۣɨһ´еȻ˱ҪȥȻĻʥӣ
˵´ɫǱŵҲ΢΢زţû뵽ʵ̬ȴ˸Ӳ
ΪѰа䣬ȻǲϧΥ
⡭ҲǲȻŭŲʲôае֯κ˵ϵģ
ɣаһִģҲаģвô̾һǲϲˣȴǰĴڣòҪ֪ʵ֮֯Ҳһϡ
ȻΪʥӣʵ˵ȴһ£ǴһԲĴһʥӣ
˿ûĻѾ͸ˣΪ֪ԼҲûлɱƵĻˡ
Ҳǵ£
ʱŲ֯飬̬չ֪֯йϵһе˶ȻͲǹԳܵ˵ġ
Ҳʸң
һһ۹룬һɰƱֱӵõùȫð亹ֱʱ򣬹վǰĿǰֻ̤Ĵڣ
ԱߵֻʻϹ޼ˣͻȻı仯Ҳĥ͸ͻȻԮ֣ôҪסˣ
⵽
ֻʲɵ¶˹ŹֵɫˮеӰҲֹһﵽǶأôоʲô¶úϹϵ
ֻ֪ԼҪĻʸ˫ŷйϵֻ֪Ǻε뷨
ʱ̶ֵǿ߶ǸۣȻ֮Ѿʧˣ仰˵ǾһϣգǸûа취ϾǣɣȣȻ
ȻЩеһЩϹ޼ĴڣʦĳǿĴڣͬҲǺƾǵʵ޷Ȼ￹⡣
ǵ뷨ȻһεرĬǾǾ̬ķչϾһ֮ʧƺͷҲˣǶûʲôΪԹߵʲô취
ң̶Уֻ֮ΪҪһһͬǲɺӵĻڣǾ鱦ᣬĹأ֮ʧ֮ڻ̶֮ڣͻǳ鱦
鱦ÿһǲɶõıǸʱ򣬲ҪֵĻᣡ
ʱһֱֲˮȴӦˡ


2574 
䣡
ֻһ죬һˮҲǻɢ̶ٶ˲ˮƣֻһΣȴû˷ǵĸо
Ϊ̶֮ڵ֮գͬʹû̶Ƿ˱仯ʼɢȵǧ֮󣬻̶֮ڵ֮ٶ۶˵زŻǻָͬ
ˮʧڰ֮УҲһ°Ӱţһܣһ̣ӰȻ˫һǰδеİϢ´
һڳǿΪԼ˻Ƿ֣һӰ±ǶȻس˻̶Եϡ
ƣ
ʱķ˫֮гǳһâΪ䣬Լ۶ɵڲϵ
Сôӻ̶ˣ
ƿƵģжʱҲ˹ƿڻ̶֮л治ǳƾϢǿ͸
΢΢ػعƵȻɢɨһܣսĺۼҲףԼ뻯̶֮ʱڣֻʵ˾һս
ͷˡҲǶֻʵ˵ͷʱҲǷ˴ĴڣǼ䣬ӵЦݱ𽥵ţ¶һɱ⡣
һΪ˭·㲻ߵƫҪ
£һԭǿεӱǳŷŭǱüΪһֱҪѰҵƣȴû뵽ôڻ̶˷ơ
ʱҲ΢΢ƳһʣֶԷעԼȻҲԼͻȻ֣ƻɱ

ٴ㣬Ȼ˵ʥ֮λĸǰҲδܹ㣡
ⷬõôͷŭȭͷգеɱ⼸޷ѹֵסݺݵصһ۷ƣȴû˵ʲôȴһЩı
ʱ΢΢Ƴһʣ֪ΪζԷô˵ҲǵصΣ
ʽעתƵ˷ƵϣǱɫ࣬ģʥŮû£ϣܹһˡ
£дϻۣһӱǲ²⵽˰˾Ųʮ飬´ѹԼ˵ˣ֯ҪѰԼϣõĴֻһǾа䣡
ǲӦأ
Ʋηʣǵɨһܱߣֳ֮⣬ҲǿѰҵȻԼڻ̶ɹ˶õʱ䣬ӣӦһβϵʱˡ
ǿɲ㡣ŷشɫҲȻٶȱЩ֮ɫֶƣȻ׵ѹƣ
·ûá
ǵصƣȻɫû˿仯ػ˻֣ǰһƬռЩһƬռ䶼Ťȴǳ׵صֵסʵѹ
¶ôһ֣⼸ҲһЩϤƵˣҪ֪ǵӡУƲһλ۾ĴڶѣȻͽֵֵסһλԲǿѹ
½ѹҪ赲ɣ¡ΪҲǾ˵úܡ
Сӣڻ̶ջСֻ˫۱ǷһֹâȻķƱñǰӿˡ
˶ѣֻеϧѡҲ΢΢һЦɫ֮ȴһĨϧڻ̶ʱ֮ڣȷջǳΪ̶֮˶ǵõ̥һı仯ΪȻҲǽűǡ
ֻȴûдﵽеԤϣǾ
ˣΪҲǰֻ̤Ĵˣ֮ǧһֵĶõ÷ƵΪӲһء
ûͻƵֻҲΪصȴǸΪ𾪣⻹ûͻܹ赭дر˴ԲѹһͻƵĻǸӱ̬
뵽һ㣬ֻʣҲһĻˣֱһ̥ˣ
ȻûУƹأһͣٲǽŵҲԶˡ
Сӿ̬һ̶֮ˣȻûͻơֻʼɫ֮ΪΡ
ô£ǸղžһභȻҲӵʣƫͷһϹ޼ɣеһ޽ͣһ£ƿ
˲ʶһܡЦȻǿϹ޼ɺֻһġ


2575 ȡ
ǽĵӣӣҪҲˡֻһЦҲֱӵظƽܵ
Ϲ޼ɴʱ´ŷƣɫȻûκα仯ȴǳһɻǰķȻĸоһ۶ѣʵϣȴҲһּɵĸоǰǴδ飬Ҫ֪ΪȻҲǲ
Ϲ޼һۣ໥ص˵ͷʶǶվͬһϣȻҲǲ˵̫ࡣ
ţһһʣôǶǱƴʱҲעⳡյ΢ҲǷ˹ĴڣҲǸӵؾɣ˵˲УǹҲӲܣôȺ֮֯Ƕġ
ɵʥӣΪȵˣʲôǲŹôһֻܹɱԷĻᡣ
˵˻ѾһȻǸǹһˣҪȻΪһôôֻʴʱҲǴֵصݺݵصһ۹룬һʵص̫ˣǰȻûа
ԣҲΪɨһ۹ʹҲ׹һĻֻʵΪҲôһ档
Ҳ֪ɡƵƳһ룬ǹһĶӣ֯һҲѲʲôϵ
֪Ҫ취뿪ҳȥˣѵķŪֻҲǶݺݵصʵ̫ɶˣΪȵߣȻɹһǴȥ硣
աǲ뿪Ļᡣ
ʱֻ˵гŷŭԼǿ־壬ǲȥԼɹһһȥĺʲôĸף޷е
ʣƿԲĻͻỵ£ͬҲǵ𣡡
ʱ򣬳ĬѾõĴͻȻؿڵƵɭ֮ɫ뵽һ취ȻʲֻɱƣΣ÷ӳġ
ڻɱ԰ȥȵƵüֵûˣʱҪٶȻɱƣǿ׾ٵ顣
£ΪҪľǣԲֻܰʺϹ޼ɸߣŹһ±ҪܣĻƻɵһ£Ҫʱ򣬳ȴǣλǿ߶ǱҪ
һû˵ɨӶƵˣҲȷƺҪ˵֮֯ĹϵҲͬǷǳҪǲܱ¶ȥӰ̫ˡ
סƣҶԸǣжԷƻɱͷҵһֱе㣡ʵҲûа취ֻּƻڶ֮ǰȴǺݺݵؾһ
Ƶа䣬û֪а֮ǰ˭Ҳɱƣʥǲܣ
û˵ɫüΪȻⷬǳеΪˬΪļƻҲֻǼȥˡ
֮ľƶʱٶȱ΢˷ƣŹˣֻϹ޼ɡ
ֻʽиҡʱҲǵص֮еɱ˸
ãսپҪȥˡҲǵ˵ͷӰҲǶȻرϹ޼ɣ
սٶһһεսڷŸΪؼңΪʱƵĳ֣õֻʵһ㵣ҲǵȻ޴档
֮£ҲԵطſֽţӣڣҪе㲻ʵôֻһս
ƣˣΪףҶҲ忪޼ɸ˵ˣֲܹܵôͺֹˡ
ֻҲغһҲֻǰϣڷƵϣܹѸٵؽĻôٶȰæϹ޼ɣôƻᷢ츲صı仯
ϼһȻǿҪɱңҲûôסϹ޼ֻô˵ʱҲǲˣôҲǽ״ӣý洫ȻһЩơ
˰ɣСֻҡҡͷҲǽԼĹϣһЦһͺ㸸׵鷳Ҳֻʱ鷳
ߣл뿪˵Щɡ
еɱֻʣҲûйķϻֱӵؾǶ֣Яſµɱ˲䱩Ŀɱֻʣ
ߵսŴ֮Ҳûͣ٣ҪԼӵĴڣɫƽӦһƴ֮


2576 
ǵ˵´Ǿȡ㹷֮ʱƳһɫķƣ˵һǧټƶҪԼأǴĳְæԼС
ǰŴܹǱסһСȻɱ㣬Ҳĥһ㣡Աȥͷ֮ޣ
ŭصƣֱǼһξͻһΡ
͵ĻȻ˿㣬Ҿֻ˵˵ѡһЦ֮ʣǶȻʧԭأ
ŷƵ˲ʧ׽ֲ̫ϤˣȻΪóĿռ䷨
ߣŪѣ
´ҲЦǰʩչռ䷨Ѱ·ô󣬴Ҳ˲ʧԭأֱӵضĿռ䷨
˲䣬һĿռ䣬ǲϵس˵ֵӰ˵Ҫݿռ䷨ȻƲ˵˫ϴΪš
Ϊ޹أڵĿռ䷨Ǵڽܴ֣ڵĿռ䷨ȫԼɣһܹѹŴ
Ϲ޼ɵ֮ΪΣյģΪĶ֣ԲʣϹֻŽ𾳵ĴڣϹ޼ɿνѹС
ǣϹ޼ɾȻҲܹƾһ֮ŶԷƴûȣһõò˶Ϊ֮Ŀ
ǷҲʱʱͶȥܿǷ˲ԾĵطǾϹ޼еĳ𽥵ؿʼԼһѪɫâ
ҲΪһѪɫâĴڣõϹ޼ɵĹƱøΪּĴڣҪһʱ֮ɱҲûа취
ǽĵӣ
£ڶƬ֮Ҳ˱˲پ룬ҲϳһЩʲôϹ޼һѾ޽֮תѪɫâ
֪ʦ
Ϲ޼ɻ̧ͷͷ֮ҲðϸϾʽ֣ѹĴģܹһزȫǿ֧š
֪Ҳɱ㣬߰ɡ
ͻȻʿڵصΪ֯ĳϣȻǺǰ統Уһ֣֮Ȼ޾ɱ¾
ȻǼһѾˣǶһ˵֮ȴս֪ͽԼУ˵֯ҲǸеǳͷۡ
ҲӦأϹ޼ҡҡͷɫ֮ȴǳһ˵ľǿ
̾һҲҡҡͷɫٶǱɱȻϹ޼ɵݸеɵǲɱԷ⽫Ǹ֯޾ǲΣܵסԷ
һӣǱ΢޷ȫϹ޼ȴԽԽ֪ͣȴΪһʱ֮侹ȻԼ·硣
ֻŹ֮սҲΪ˾̾һĶһȵ̫ϳ֮ӣ˵λҲ޼ɡ
ò˵ǿ뽻սڣֻǿµΪҲ޷ʱ֮ѹȥ
㻹翹ʲô֮£ĸױ㣬ҲУֻΪȵˣȻ֯ŹᣬһȥʲôΪ
ֻҪǶɱˣû֪һˣɫޱȣгɱ⣬ÿһγֶǼΪغû˿ԡ
룬ҲǶܹƽһսΪվһأֻЦȻǿΪʵԼŲٵĲ࣬벻Ƕܹ֧ŵڡ
Ȼźֻ֢֣ҪֻʱܿâʱһȴڵʧȥЧʱǾܹ׵ѹƹ룡
ŲǸʱ򣡡ЦѣĹƱøΪʱһͷ͵ޣÿһγ֣Ҫֻ֮أ˿
ߵ˼ң۷ŴߣȷΪ࣬ûо˵ıըûпµ
еġֻǲĿռ䲨һƬռʱŤɽȻͬĿռ䷨ڲϵؽŷŴ֮ս
Ƭ֮󣬷Ʋ֮ԳӰͣشŴⴺȻѲȻռ䷨ûԼƾΪϵѹƣһزѾ÷Ƹеܳˡ
Ϊƿ˿ռ䷨򣬾ܹһսôǼֱǳ룡ҲǴĴЦͬʱҲǸӼᶨҪɱƵľġ


2577 С
ΪһƣоҪɱƣǲ練֮£ǵԼ·ԼС
ȻǹȥãƾѾܹвˣȻŻ̶֮ڵ֮õͻƣ֮伸һȽף
ۣ缸ر𣬻Ѱˣ֧ŲƬ̣ǷƾӲؼֵڡ
㲻Ҳпռ䷨һֶζѣƴɨӶܣͼѰҵΣڵȻֶܹŵ״̬ʱԽãԣԽ
һ㣬ͬشҲ֪ûֱǿӲ֣¶һèϷ̬ҲܻɱƣҪƴģ
ôһֶΣ㹻ˡ
һ̱ǵڷƵĶ𣬺ɫ䣬ȻʱȴһɰĿռ䷨˲䱬ֱƵĺ󱳶ȥ
飡
һ죬ɫǱֵķֱӵرռ֮У˲仯һӰɢԭأʱҲǻسֶ
ţӰ
ʧԼǰķƣҲüͷƵٶȿ쵽е죬ȻͷܹƾżΪµٶȣܹһεĹ
Ҳ΢΢֪⻹⣬૵ҵϣֶܹһʱ䣬ȻôһˣɾͲˡ
вϵŲ˸㲻ܻɱƣҲҪõԷ֪ʲôǽ
һ̣Ƶǳھ봺ԶĿռ䣬ͣشŴŴԤŶԷһϮ֮ȴǸͷ
һȥô˵һּΪ״̬Ͼ֮ΪǴڣͬΪǲô࣬ʵȴǳأ֮Ҳ޷ͻ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƵһΪڵСΣڸղһ˲ˣæҲаСΣûУ
ţ˼ҲŸ˯ѣһʲô£
Сαٶ̬˷Ƶļϣʵ˫ۣһû˯ѵӡ
˯ˣҪæƿСѣҲһϲСΰæࡣ
ʲô£СһҪæʱҲˣͺ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
ܹͨռôƵҲǽ˴ϣСʵ
Ӧÿ԰ɡСƫƫԴһҲǵ˵ͷ
ԣжʱϲСܹһ㣬Ǿ̫ˣղŵĶԾУһֱΪƣԭ̵УԼλ֮⣬ҪֳȥѰҴλãԷֵĻᡣ
һֱѹƵľ棬СֱܹӵöԷʹÿռ䷨жϳԷλãôɾͻɺܶ࣬Żճ
ʱüͷɻؿһ۷ƣȻʱСΣҲСεĴڣӸղһ˲䣬һֹĸо
Ǿһֱڿָоõôܲƫƫ޷ʲôΪСεĴ۶ɣͲǴֱܹ
ˣǾͰˡҲظһµ¶ŵЦݣؿһ۴֮ҲٶյС
ӣ㶯ҲЦһеɻֱӵ׵ӰһǶ˿ռ䷨ŷʩѹ
һεȻǷ˲˼ı仯
ΪƴĳһλãԼҪʱȴǷֶԷͬҲ֪ԼλãֱӵضܶõûжֵĻᡣ
һλܹ˵ˣٶȽһֱǳţһδ½ĻᶼûУ
ô⵽ף
һҲΪŭˣûа취ʹĸоʵ̫ˣԼΪѹƶ棬ȴӰ
Ӱţ˵Ҫʲôˡ
ˣǸղָо
Ȼ֮£ҲͣٶԺ֮ٶղԼעӵĸоʱֻзһˣȴǸоˣڷƵߣһ˴ڣ
ȻǸܶ޷ܵõֱǲģȻҲ޷ͣΪڷƱˡ


2578 Ӱӳ֣
£ͷĴɫøΪأһԼ޷ĴڣͲһˡ
Ǵתһ룬ǷһôǿĴڣԼ֮޷
ȻɵʱֻǱҲǹһЦ̶ǴǿЦ룬˷ʱˣɣ
ʱ˿̣̬Ҳ𽥵سһֲ԰ףȻΪĺ֢ȴǳˣһһֵĻôڹ˵ɲһϢ
һ۶ʰˣϽæ£ҲŤͷһȻôãûоͰѷƻɱҲŭѣⴺá
ҲֻõôֱӵسԼߣĻ޷ֻʣ
ôһ˵ɫҲǱ࣬Ҳûʲô˵ģϾ޷ܹڶʱ÷ô
Сӣˣʰ㣡´Ҳŭصһ۷ƣ˱ǶȻر룬ϾɲŹֻʵ¡
ߣĶֿң
£΢΢һЦСεİȻǿܹ׵ƿص˴ټҲһֱӵʧԭء
÷ٴγ֮ʣѾǳ˾ֻʲԶĵطǵֻʣţǴ뵽֮սҲռʲôˡ
ΪֻʿɲһˡӰӣ
ŷƵĳ֣ǰռҲ˲Ťα¶Ϊȥ·ҲǱ׵š
ģһôÿζԾ׼⵽ԼĶ򣡡
´ҲΪŭʵĥ͸յ˵˴˶˿ռ䷨򣬾ܹƾЩĲӶԷټȻԾϾΪȷƸߣȴ޷ȫزƵĹ켣
֣úд룬һԣ
ֻʿŴľٶҲǹһЦɫ֮˿޾壬һɫĴҲҡҡͷˣ˷ʱ䣬ؽսɡ
仰£ǹɫȻؾ䣬ʶ˺Щ룬һɫŴʱֻʣȻǲ֪Է«ʲôҩ
벻Զķƣֻ˵ɫҲ˲٣һҲǲֻʵ˵ƾһˣҪڶʱʰ룬
ǼӶһˣͲһˣ
ֻһŵɫʱȴǹһطֻ֣ʵıռ䣬ȴһּΪѰĲ
ǣ΢˫ɫ֮ҲǳŽ
Ӱӣְɣʱ䡣
ֻҲǵص˿ֻʴʱһ㣬Ȼһ̣һϢȴǶȻسƬأõò˵ɫǾ䣡
һĺӰҲǴֻʵռֶȫں֮£һԵ
ӰӣֻʵյƣΪС鵽ӰӣΪֻ޶ֻ࣬ʱҲ޷϶ǿӰӸǿ
Ӱӵĳ֣һ֮ȴǾɱ⣬ݺݵһ룬֮ɫһĻȴԶԶسԼϡ
ƶΪ֮ĿӰӵϢǿȺ˾ȣһۿӰӳ֡
ȵ̫ϳ֮ӣȻǱȣɹһʵǿϧˡ
Ӱڳֱ֮˵һ䵭ػ֮˱ǶȻʧԭأһʧĻֻʡ
¹˱ɫ䣬ͫ׽֪Լ½ǺѹˣΪҲжϳͻȻֵĺˣΪ˿ǲֻʣ
ƾԼΪǶҲֻǿѹֻʶѣһһ˲ֵĻôùĽ
õùŭѣҪ˵Ըֻʣȴû뵽ȴԤϵĸպ෴
Ӱֻʲ֣ǲֻ֣һڹǰôȴŹĽ˵֣
֮󣬹ܿǳ˲֮ۿžҪܣ
ģ㻹ʲô
ŭǱĴӱʱڵȻҲ𽥵ʧЧͲֻӰֵĶ֡
ŹиǷ꣬ڱţǰѲܣ֮£޷ȥæ˵һʲôˡ
ٺ٣ͱȥˣĿռ䷨̫ˣ΢΢


2579 Ƶʱ䷨
ģɫüΪ࣬ڵڸ޷ÿռ䷨Ϊֶ֮һΪһǶ˿ռ䷨ôҲǽ
֮£ǲԷƳ֣ҲŵʸղϹ޼ɵĶԻ֪Ϲ޼һʮ˵ãնɱϹ޼ɣǸ֯һУ
ϲģηηŵģҪϰæһˣŭаֻܹӦֱӵسֶԸƣǷƸûκεصֵ֮
ȴǼɵϹ޼ɵݣǰһӲס
ҾͲţһ϶ѣҪ棡
һ̣ɫҲ𽥵رѣ˫֮еĽɫâ˸øƵ˵ĸоŻвϵš
ķϢҲٶǱûƣֱӵس˹ڵĵطھǲù
ĶҡҡͷҲص˵㻹ţҲգʶһ¡ʱ
·˱ǻر˫Լƣһ̣һεǶȻ֮ɢ
ȻֲɢʱǲǰĴȻؽӲɫ֮гһֿ־ɫʲô˼飡
ԶϹ޼ӶʣʱҲ͵תͷֱֱؿŷƣɫͬسž㵣
ôܡô
ʴʱпν𺳣ʱչֳȻʱ䷨
Ȼ֮УΨһܹ֪ģ֯ʥŮõʱ䷨ĴУ֮⣬û˵˭ʱ䷨
շƵıȴǴ֪ӷĲʱ䷨һû˱ʸΪ
ôܣôӵ£¶ŭɫǾ֣ΪӴһζֵľʱ䷨ԵؿĿռ䷨
ƾβ²⣬Ҳ޷뵽Ƶôӵʱ䷨򣿣
ϣûʲôܣûûС
һ̣ƻ˫гһ־ɫâһ˲һ٣ƻؽһεĿռϵɢȻȴ֪Լʱʱ䷨ѾǱǿࡣ
ȻŴ϶磬ΪԼʱ䷨ҲǼࡣ
Ҳõ÷ɻѣĪҪԼΪϵؽȻʱ䷨ͻӦʱ䷨ű޹أֻҪһˣôΪӣʱ䷨Ҳӣ
Ϊ֤һ㣬ҲĥţʲôܹͻƵʱȻˡ
ԣܣһˣʲôСֶΣ
ɫ޷ܣھȻͬӵʱ䷨ʵҪ֪õ֮ʥӣõеʱҲֻǽܿռĴУ޷ʱ䷨򣬵ǰķƳ֣ȴõü޷ܣ˿ռ䷨򣬸Ϊƿ˿ռ䷨
һ㣬²һˣʴʱҲǽƽһ𺳵ɫŷơ
֣ҿνʱ䷨ܹǿȥֻԱҲǹһЦҲ˸źɫȻڷյʱ䷨ǸеȤ
ǿԿ
Ƶ΢΢Ѿܹоõܹյʱ䷨ѾͬҲ˵ԱΪǿ̲֮סôΪʦ
ŷǵŵɫбǲһ⣬ʱ䷨Ŀ֮Ҫ֪ǰŴ콻֣ԷһУõԼû˿ķ֮
£ŷƽֵĶûУֱӵת˸ȥȻһĻҲҡҡͷҪߣ̸ס
ţҲʧԭأڵһھбڶǶʱ䷨򣬶һǶ˿ռ䷨
һãɵνǼΪ𺶣ֻ֮ռϢرҲûǰ޸
ʱ侲ֹġһﾹȻֲֵز
ֻʴʱҲǳƳһ۷ƣ¾һԲһܹģռʱ侲ֹܹͬʱģǻô
ŷ£ֻҲĬĬΪоˡ


2580 
Ͼ֮£ٴͨҲΪˣ˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨ķƣֻԼùˡ
СӣҾԲֻ֡ҲǵضӰӵ仰ȷȻΪȷƸߣƾŷƴʱıֻ֣Ըȥȴڶ֣Ҳǲҷƣʵ̫ˣ
˲򵥰պسɴӰҲΪƵıָо㵣Ȼ²⵽ƺܲѰûϵԷǲѰֵز
ˣҲǼӿɣȱɱһڣȴֻҲٶȽעǰĹϣҲѰ˼ͷ
ʱĹ룬ļֱǾˣԭΪƾŴѹֻʵˣû뵽Ƶĺɱˣʳ־ǲ֡
ȻһȴǳطԼǰùиԽܣǿ˴һĴڣȴǱһ۾ķƽ׷ᣬһһ֣ùЦá
ԵֻʣҲӰһŵƣϲ޷֧ȥΣ
ɣҲɱ㣬㽻ȣһУ䡣ֻҲɫؿŹ뻺ص
룡ҲУ
˵ɫǱԼһȵУôĸҲ޷ȵ£˵Ǳģ
֮ѣֻҲҡҡͷҲǲŶԷϻٴǱӰβ
ɰϢȻغ϶Ϊһ˷ֱ治һֻʣһӰӡ
غһڵϢҲٶǷҲǲǵУš
˫ٶǽѾǴ˱֮ģԳָã⵹ҲܹһСᡣ
Եسתһƾſռ䷨ʱ䷨õô޴ܣֻʺӰ֣ǾԵѹ˹롣
ʣµľͻϹ޼һߡ
ûż֣Ĳ룬˵ҶϹ޼֣ǽΪ֯޾鷳
ȻʥӲУҲǼ֮ȥĻƽǺܲͷһǴǹ֮һܣôùĽһˡ
ڵ󣬴͹붼һǱʣҲûĸȥԷƣֻӰӻϹ޼ɵ֡
ҪһЩ
Ƭ֮ʵ֮ҲһĨɫǶǲ׼뿪Ļ¾ûлˡ
ȻһΪʥӣȻǲؿŴܣǹ룬Ҫˡ
ôҲҪȥæôϹ޼ɿ¶˳˼ɫҲЦһѪɫâ޽
ҪȥԣǾ̤ҵʬȥ
Ϲ޼ɵĻֱӣҪôɱȥҪôﲻ
ԣ΢΢һ۾ǿʦϣΪܹŵô
ڿ־ʦݡϹ޼ʼȻڼɵɸûʲôϵ
ҪߣҲס
ҡҡͷҲʧȥϹ޼ɼֵͷΣҪס˴İȫڹ룬Ǿɱ㣡
ΪȻȵˣǶ֯£Ҳ֪٣֮ڣ֯ߣһͬһ˶ԷУЩܶǱǵʱ˵һصĴ
ʱǱصֵ˵֣ǲѾǶɱ⣬ǲ²⵽Ļƴʱ鶼С
˵ͶʵӰ΢΢һ£Ҫ̬ʵϣȴֱȥ֮ԼЩâ
ɶϲģˣСүң
£Ϲ޼ֳֳ¶һɫΪҪԸȴû뵽һȻһǹ֮󣬱ֱֻǱ߶ȥ
ֻʣСģ
ϵϹ޼ҲŭһֻʣϾʵΪɲǿЦġ
ʱ뿴ʳԼ߶ɫҲǸһĨϲﰵʳֵĻɽѹ࣡
ʳϡǿڽеһ̣ȴһ˫ɱ˫


2581 
뿴ʳӭлûüˣһ̣һɱȴǳ塣
óϣ㡭
жȻظһĨͷʶ˺Ҫʳϱ־롣
֪̫࣬ûлȥˣΪ˱סһЩܣֻ
ʵĻǱ䣬ǲκλĻᣬֱӵһ֣ƹᴩ˹࣡
һĻķõֻʺӰҲǾһ£ʾȻǶŹ붯֣
ֻӰһۣҲǿɻǸ޷˲뵽ʵͼ˵֯һ𣬶ҹĵλͣȻ֯˵Ųٵüֵô˵ɱɱˡ
иоһ͸Ǳž㵵ɫţԼ֯Ȼǻ֣
˲Ѫɫ˵ɫǱò԰ޱȣҲǿʼÿն౻ᴩǴ޽ˣҲ޷ȵ
Ǻǡҵ³
ɢصƬ֮˵ϢǱ΢ֱ󳹵ʧӴҲûйˣ
ѾĹ룬ʵسԼƣ˿ԼŵѪǽֻʵϡ
ϲģ޳ܵô
ʱϹ޼ȻҲǸһĻҲŭ֪ΪʵѪ黹Ϊ˸ղһϷˣԼһΡ
Сĵ㣬һǿ
ʱһֱֻʱӰӣҲǻؿڵϢΪ֮ĲǰֻŽ𾳵Ĵڡ
֮£ˣǲôݵġʲûм¶ɱ⣬ƳһֻϹ޼ɵ
ֻ΢΢üͷϼһô˵ʲôע⣿
ҪˡӰȴͻȻصµҲǿʵĿģ֪Ѿ޷ؾƣϣԸ˹ӣҲҪߡ
ƣСģ
Ȼ֮£ʵӰٶʧȻֻʱǷӦŷڵķŭһ
ڲ׷ʵķƣ߷飬ǲ֪±ֻʵһŭӦһۣûбųһ亹ʾȻͻȻسԼǰ
£ƱǶԼĿռ䷨˺һξ룬ô˵һôҲǴԲĴڣܹһЩвġ
ƣʵҸе̫ˣܸڵʱ䷨ôô
ֵǣʲûжԷƶ֣ƽʵ
ƿһʣеѪҲƳһѾ˵Ĺ룬΢΢²һǵ֪µȥ
Ϊһ˵ôʼܣôܹ˵ȥ
ʶڷƵĻش𣬲û˵ʲôҲû¶ʲôõɫƵֻشϵС
֪֯ΪʲôѰ㣬ңѲɵģΨһѡ񣬾Ǹһɡ
ٶǿڵû˵ʲôϾﻹŲˣֻʵĴڣһõ֪а䣬ǿɲһ¡
Ƕͷ˵ǸҪаԶʧٳ֡
ҴˡɫƽаˣȻǴܵ޷ܵӶ鶼˵ô
һΣ㣬ҲˣһΣңٴ֮ʱͻ֮档ʻؿڵת뿪˴
ʥӣ߰ɡƽصûԼܵһô߳ܵ飬˵һƽ¡
ҪɱҪ
ʱĴ˫۳ŷŭӸɫƣͺһͷҰһ㣬޲˹ȥ˺顣
߰ɣѾûа취ɱˣҲɱеؿһ۴ʱĴҲҡҡͷô³Ϊʥӡ
ɶ񣡣
ⷬ˸Ǳ겻ѣǰʵȴ˲٣ʶǲܣִĻô³Ҳõȥ
ʶ޷˵Լа֣˵ˣ
£ҲǶݺݵصһ۷ƣû˵ʲôֱӵظ뿪˻̶
׷ˡ
·ƿϹ޼¶Ҫ׷ͷҲҡҡͷʾûҪҲǸиţһŴֲŶãǲ㱻ƵͶ·ȴǸպõŤת˹ʵ鰡
һŴȥıӰҲ૵ص


2582 ̸
ʱŴȥֻҲʾⲻ׷֮£Ƶö治ò⵹Ҳһ¡
һԲһҪԸǣǿҪһۡ
ǸϼһʦӣҪȻͼֲˡ
Ϲ޼ɣʱҲǳ׵һԼܹǣסƬ̶ѣǶԷ֪Լǽĵ֮󣬿µùĻ
üһǲͱǫˡֻҲǹһЦһϹ޼ɴʱе޽ȻҲѪɫâѾʧӦʧȥá
һô죿ƴʱҲǻתǵѪеĹ룬뵽ҪθȽ棬ԴʱΪͷۡ
²ðˣһǹһӣ޶֤¹һ蹷һҧǲţΪɱĶӡֻüһԸ֪ȵͽûκ֤ݡ
ûбɱĻܹȥȣȷ䣬֮ǰһ
ϼһգˣˡϹ޼ҲǴֵ
϶֪֯ܣ֮ڣ϶ֻйһͽһȿɾ˰
ֻҡҡͷΪͷ֮һˣ˵Ƕôһ֮У¹뻹һֱȥֱĳһıһȵĸ֮ա
ûôءҡҡͷӦģθȽ
ȻҪ϶ģϾڳȴǼ֮⣬⻹żڳЩͷҲǲСȻղŵսһֱûв֡
˵ɣͷۣȥֱӾ͸һ˵ߣ£ֲǻɱģ¸ǣб¹һֱӶҶ֡
ֻҲҡҡͷΪεص뻹Ĳɱ㵽ʱһǸϲģҪ鷳ҲΪѡ
ֻ̬ȣҲҡҡͷ˿ЦҲûʲôǲ»ǣʲô鷳»ĲǸɵġ
˵ڻ̶֮һ㶼ûô
ʱϹ޼ͻȻصɨһܣԭŨѾǳ׵ʧˣǻ̶ҲǱøѰˮ̶һ㣬һ峺̶ˮʲô쳣
ӺԣҲеΣеصǸǸһСľǰ֮ˣҲ֪ô¡
ûйϵעİɡֻʵҲǿĿȻ֮˵ͬزСʱ֮ѾȫرգҲûа취ܲ÷³ɡ
Ϊô£ûͻƵôֻҲΪɻʵ̶֮ڵ֮ǱյȻûͻƵ⵹Ϊѽˡ
ôͻƣӦǴڴ۾۷ˣֻһܹһ£Ҳǵ
һô⻯̶֮Ҳûд֮ǰֻʼҲ֪ǲҰο
ڵܹһս½֮ҶĶˡʱϹ޼Ҳһؿŷƣ⵹˵ٻǸղŷƵı֣ȷܡ
ٺ٣һĵܹ֮޵ְɡֻһ£ҲǿЦص
˭뵽ڳ˼Ƭ֮ҲǺص˵ͷƻԣʱƾʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ļ֮ڣѰҵ֡
ֻŷԼϣ±һҲǿЦѣ˭֪Լ¡
ֻƬ֮󣬲ǿЦҡͷԭΪԼѾǹ̥ˣȴû뵽ƸΪ
ֱǱ̬Ϲ޼ҡҡͷֻ÷̫ˣҿͷƲǵ˹ϵȻĻеͷۡ
ûǴĻ⻯̶Ӧûҽǰ˵ıְɣʼҲǲ˻⡣
ñ֣Ϲ޼˫۷ҲʵʲôѰ⻯̶б
㲻ֻ֪ΪؿһϹ޼ɣû뵽ԷȻǲеš
ʦҲû˵ֻҹһ˻̶ܲѰһԵʲôġ


2583 ̶ı
Ϲ޼¶һɻɫֻҲֱӵؽһڻ̶֮ڣǻҪᡣ
ӿͦӣôϹ޼ɴʱҲŪôһ£ƫͷɨһԶľŸˣҲףΪЩ˻ڴ˵أҲΪǱ
֪ҲҪñĻôءֻЦ΢΢̧ɨӶ˵ϣɫҲûжı仯ȴǱࡣ
ڳŸһҲʶǼһ棬һЩϹĵ֮ģ˹ƲõֻҲ̾һ
أ˭ȭͷ˭˵Ϲ޼һزںҪᣬ»Щһｻ
⵹Ҳǣʱ򣬳иذɣЩһﱳϹҪ鷳嶼оͷֻۡʼ⵹ǺˣЩϹҲ򵥣Ҫİ˼ҵӸɱˣʱ򻹵鷳
Ǿ;ŰɣڵӦ޴󰭰ɡƳһ£һۻ̶ȻԼղ뻯̶ûа취̶İ
ڣԺҪԵȥ̶ʲôӵģԼԺȻһƬհףûκӡ
ðɣҲҪϢһ£ղŶطԸǸϼһϹ޼Ҳһļһ˾˲ս¾Ѿ֮½Ρ
ֻʻǷƣΪ˱֣һ֮Ըͬ㡣
Ӱӣһ𻤷ɣ⼸һĻ졣ֻҲǵ˵ͷ¶ӰӵĻ֮ҲԼ˼
Ӱӵ˵ͷٶʧֻµĺɫӰӣǷȴܹоӰӵĴڡ
ڳľŸˣղûвֽǵսǲΪ˱ԸǣȻֻĵӣ򣬲ųЩһﻹĲһжº֣ǷҪɵһ㡣
ϾЩһҲǲ϶һЩƵģҪƶǲûռٱˡ
ǾŸҲǸΪӪǴʱҲǾصȺţӦûжǳֵͷ±֮ʣ˵ˡ
⼸ûв뵽ղŵսǺֻЩ˵ݣֻǲҪ鷳ѣ뵽ͷ֮飬ɽۻ
֪ǰʱȥˣֻϹ޼ɶȺ˫СʱĻָ֮ڵƶǾػָˡ
ôҪôãϹ޼ȵؿʵʱ䶼ǹȥôãǻ̶ȴûгκζ
ȰɣʱûѡֻҲӺԣһˮƽޱȵˮ̶Ҳʼ
ƴʱ΢΢ر˫Ȼʱڻ̶֮жȻظֳһ΢ĲֲĲţ𽥵رǿԼűļ
˺󣡡
£̵˫嶸Ȼˣɫ֮⡣
ŷֻʻϹ޼ɣ嶼ʶ˺Ǹʲôǿص̬Ҳǲ⡣
ǲԶľŸ˿˵ĶǸӣΪҪ˺Ϊʱʲôûз
ô£
ֻҲԻص˺˺ˣ̶ûʲô仯
䣡
Ȼʱֻʵ֮ʣ̶ǶȻشһ죬ˮ治ϵһһգ۵Ĺ̶һ㡣
ˮһΪӴѹȻ٣ϯܣͣڻ̶ľŸˣ嶯
ʱ̶Ƿһ㣬ǼǸ޷һӴѹǵ塣
ֻǱЩˮµʱһȫʪ͸

ֻʿһĻ±ֵôЦѣһȺȫǻʪģһǱģֱ̫Цˡ
Ǽܵÿ죬ҪȻ͸һˡϹ޼Ҳǵɴ۾˷ƣҲǴ˼š
Ƕ޷Ȳ̶ĶǷȴܹǸΪǰķֲԾĵط̶ֳȵʶֱ޷ȵġ


2584 ᱦ
֪ᷢʲô˰ɡ
ҲЦȻΪλ̶һ֮ʣǱԼˣȻ΢
ȻƲ᲻ϵǿʱ֪ˣԲŻ˺ˡ
˵ǲ˵ϾҪбˣϹ޼ɳҲһĨȣ
пܣСĵ㡣ֻҲǵ˵ͷͬҲ¶һֺڴɫ
̶ֱ仯ڳƬ֮󣬲ǻƽȻǼ˴ʱȴȫʪ͸ʮǱҲûа취
ʱƷ̶ֻѾȻطһЩ仯ˮ̶ǿʼ𽥵һּΪǿҵĲͺһ𽥳͵С
Ƶ»б仯ƳŵصֻʺϹ޼˵˵ͷһλ̶ıֻ֣ȻΣҪ
ԼҪҪ޶ĹϵΪһ˾Ѿ̶֮ȴõֻʺϹ޼ɰһˣȻе÷ƹⲻȥ
Ψһİ취ǰһεڻ̶ֵı
Ż̶ı仯ȫʪ͸ľŸҲɫԱأֻʵĴڣڷһ˶е֮Ҳûа취ǽЩᣬǿɲֻʵٴλþ޴ĺô
ܹģ˭ֻߣΪϱȲֻʵȣİǱƼˣҲǳԲҲˣƵĿ꣬ûдȫȡߡ
һĻƱԤϵõȻǻ⼸޷ܣʱû߳򣬾Ҫ˽֣ɲ㡣
뷨Ҳ΢΢ر˫עһ̶еУȴһֱûзɣͷųԼʶϵҪȥ̽һеоʲô
ÿһΣƵʶǽ뵽̶ıԵǻԶɢһ÷ɣʶǱһּΪǿӲشϣ㳢˼֮󣬷Ҳǲٳԡ
ƲûоͨͨõСγһ£ǹܹ̽Ѱ棬ʲô
а취ôСΡа
СҲǳ˷Ƶļ֮ϣ˷ƵҪ֮Ҳǽ˫Ƭ֮󣬱˫¶һΪѵɫҡͷС
㶼ǲôƵв죬С̥۶ɵȻ޷ѯĵط
һѹǵǹѹһֿ죬¶ᱻǹѹֱӵѹˡСҲһ֮ɫ͵ǲ룬ûа취
ԣƱǸΪ࣬С˵ǹѹǵ֮ѹ˵Ļڻ̶£صÿǳ˯е֮ꡣ
֮꣬һʲôӵĴڣһ㼴ֻʣҲ޷˵Ͼ嵱еһЩ鼮û
˵ˣûмʶЩǿĴ֮ǰܻΪⲻǿڶѣһطȴǴ֮꣬÷Ʋò棬һôӵĴڡ
𽥵γɣԼĪƬ̶֮һ޴УһжǱþĵģǰͻȻǸΪǿƣѾ𽥵ʧ
ڳûһȫطΪǺ⻯̶֮ڵıʱпֻ֣ܳһƱػЩ˵ĳᡣ
Ϊ˹ЩģٶȳԼĪʱ֮󣬲һЩ仯
ôã⻯̶֮ڵıôûֻ֡Ӻԣе㷳ˣȻʱ򣬴Ǹ̶γɵеУȻرһƷ
Ʒûʲôҫ۵âȻٶԽԽ죬Щƿ𽥵ش˵Ķ˵ɫһ
ˣ
ƺ˶ǽ֮緢һƷȻ֮£һɴ۵Ļɫâõڳ˶޷⵽һʲôĶ
֣ΣҪõҲǵͳغȵ֮ʣӰѾǴԭʧˣֱһɫâȥ
߰ɣϣһභˡֻʿڳ¶һظɫĿĵĵȴΪĥˡ
Ϲ޼ɵ˵ͷ˽ϣҪⱦᵽ֣


2585 κӣα
ŷȶֻϹ޼˽󣬶ʱҲ˵ע⣬ʱٴҲ֪⻯̶еıѾǳˣ
ŸˣûκνǱ˴˵ĬȻõڵһʱȥΪ˵֮ѾûˣôⱦҪᣡ
ʱƻûȻ֮£ǱŵϢֱӵƶȻرýӲƻͣٶתǾŸԼǿߡ
ʱֻϹ޼Ҳ˷Ƶı󣬸ǾŵŵȻɫҲǱࡣ
ĪҪ̫̰ģ֮ѾǱˣαػҪⱦ
һҲǵؿڵǲûмɵֻʵݣϾڿǼҪᱦʲôģʱ򣬻ô
Ʋû˵ֻ̤ǰһɨӶǰļˣһƽ֮ȵȵãǸϲϣԹ̰ˣ
仰һʱõŸ˲֪˵ʲôˣȷûзһȫ֮ҲֲǣΪǳֵʱ򣬻̶ѾǴ˲ˣֻʣϹ޼ɣȵȣЩˡ
ô˵ֻһߡ
ʱһ˻վƾܹԼĪز²Ӧһ֮ˣȻֻȴǲмһ˵κӣûˣֺαǰαӵӸ¶ڳ˭֪ĵϸ
ֻ˵Ҳǲɵʶشһνκӣ±üͷȻ˳֮ȴʱʱ˸һĨâȻһ֮ˡ
κӣαӣֿȡúáҲаҡҡͷ´ˣֿ˵һףһ׵ˣȻҲֻʳƺΪαӡ
κӵɫһֻʣ֮ҲԼһЩŭȴǺܿͱε¶һֺǺǵЦݵ֣־ͷĵӣֺαᱦأ
˵κӣҪģû̫졣ֻʷ˷̣Ҳֱӵصһ仰ˣҪʣµһ䣡
ֻ仰˵úǲԷĻᣬõκɫһһ㶵ģֻ˵֮ⷬȻǾ˵Ǳˡ
ôһԹܴ󰡡ƴʱҲΪɻؿһκӣе㲻ʵֻʵҲ̫Ӳһ㣬֮䣬ûйڣɲš
һǰ͵͵Ǳ壬˼ŮӣΪ˶ʵȴǸֹıǱ壬ΪϯӵݣݺʮͬŵӣֻŷκӣҲҧ
ԣҲΪ⣬Щ£Ȼϣ
ȻֻҲǲ²˷еɻ󣬵Ҳҡҡͷ¶ˣ׼Ҫʱʦȴǳˣ֪һЩϲģʲôװɣͰһˡ
һⶼУκӵʦͷҲСͬҲǸһЩܴĴۣǻһ
ܹǾǾ˻ô£κҲüͷЩһ±һ
κģƺֻһۣ¾аһȻαӣ¿»Ҫɿ˵
Ū˵ģͷ
ʱϹ޼ȻҲǾκԹͷˣʱȴ˵ϵĺãϾڳЩ˶Ϊᱦȴǿб⻻˭ǲ
ǰǻɵһЩǴʱκӵɿҲǾʵǲöԷĻôΨʣһһŸһʲôЦ
뵽һˣȴܹԶԶɣ
ûǿҲڲǷ
һѾǺܹˣ֮ˣҪᱦǷһ㣬ΪƣͿԺ޼ɡ
£κӵһ仰ɿ˵еҲǸ뷨ȴһû˵ǺܻǵرֳĬ
ʱףκӣȴȻһĨЦݣҪľЧֻҪЩ˱ʾԣôֻʼҲɵ


2586 Ҫľǿƣ
һۣ˵ʵκΪ񣬲ò˵κӵ˵֮ƾ仰Խڳ˵Ĳǳ׵ر
ϣеԶǿߣȻǲĻǺܼ򵥣ⱦܹᣬ˭ܹȻ˭ģ
ֻʴʱҲ˻κ̫ɶˣҲֱӵطų˺ݻУҪǾᣬ˭ȭͷ˭ʸñ
֣ɲôҿЦôһǲһЩѰˣǸҶ㶯֣κӲûоʹ˰ݣǼƽ
ô˵һòȥֻſһְ׳յκӣЦҸ㣬κӣһΪʦӣŷһҾԶֽնɱʦҲô
ֻʴʱνȫرκӸŭˣˣûмôˣֱǷʰͣ
ԱߵķҲ΢΢ؽüͷκеˣɫǲ֪ˡ
£һһ̤ͷųƣֱӵκӣһԲضв˼ˡ
ٶԱߵϹ޼ҲһЦ΢΢̧е޽ͬһضκӡ
ҲԺܸεظ㣬ڳֽɱˣҲаʦ֪ˣҵõô
ҲɭȻһЦϹ޼ɵѹȣʱõκʶ˺˼ɫüΪѿȷֻʵ˵ûҪԼֵĻԼ˵Ǽûа㻹ֵ
ԭκӵ뷨ǰ༸˵ǲֻȻ͵͵ش̵ûõǣֻʵĻӦȻ˵ǿӲ
ŷƺϹ޼˵ɫƺҪԼһ㣬ղȻҲǰѷƵ˽ֵ龰УǳԼǰһɶʡ͵ĵơ
ǵڲǼ˷
Ʋκ۽Ҳɨһܣ־Ȼûվ˵ҲǰһЩһȻ˲
ֻЦɨһ¹˵˵ҪĲǷ˵ǶܹõУҺΣ
ֻǿƣʣ༸ɫȻޱȣòϣֻ˵ûһֻʣһƣһϹ޼ɣһӰӣܹԸˡ
Ȼô빫ƽ
ʱֻ뵽ʲô΢΢Ҿ͸ǹƽʵߵãһƾʵ˵ʲôģҿɲ𡣡
ֻôһ仰ʱõκڵľ˶һ껹ƽĸ㹻ưˣƽƨ
һӣżüͷһκӣһĻˣԭŻãڰֻ˵Ļһˡ
κӴʱҧأоֻʣڳһǰδеһ㣬ֻ˵ĻǹҲûа취
Ǿô˵ɣߵáҲǻƣһ۽Ƴһκӣȴڰš
Ѿˣһǣ
ֻʵҲǹ˼ɵһ㣬ڳ˵ԲǴҪ㹻ˣϾ˵ʵڷҪĻҲ޷ʲô
κӵĲʶʱֻʺͷһۣͬľǾǾЩһһɫǿŸᣬֲǷǵġ
ͬϹ޼ҲǺٺһЦ棬¶ֵĻܹú֪ܶѶˡ
ֻʷϹ޼˸˵κӵɫÿҪѿжѿڻʲô취ѵ˵УʲôЦֻʱƼˣڶ֣˭ܹǣ
κˣĬʶ˺˼ȴǾòϸС۾˸Ŷ񶾵ĹâʲôıҪֻˡ
һȺĬҪǿߣֻжʱǾúܽаһȺʶʱļһǳ׵ذһ˻̶
ʱ˵עҲǿʼתƵͻȻĻɫâֱʱǲǷ֣ɫâ֮еĶѾֵس˳
񣡾Ȼǻ񣡡
ֻʱϳˣҲ̲ס¶һ㵵ɫźܴͷһ㣬ּʶ˶˵Ĳ졣


2587 
ֻʱϳ֮ȻҲϳȶΨƺϹ޼ɻһۣǿǲʲôл
ʱֻغһ΢еɲһ㰡ӵлˣǲˣ
ֻʵĻҲ¶Щɫ⻹ôͷ
񣬾֪ȵλ߸һ飬ػһ峤һ飬֯һ飬ڻһ˭Ҳֻغһµ;ǿʱ̵űܹ꣬εĹ
ҲӺԣô˵Ļ񣬻ͦͷģ˵Ҳûжá
ٺ٣ô鶫ҪˡֻҲǺٺһЦ֮¶һȵɫ˵ֵܹĻǾ׬ˣ
Ҫ֪磬ֻ˲ӵֶһվ۷Ĵڣ
УͳְᣬǼ˼һżϹ޼ҲһЦȻҪǾȥ
治ˣƾ˵޷һ
ʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ˣһɫâƷǻ֮ʣԵҲ¶֮ɫܿͱһȵ
û˲õֶ
Ҳ֪˭ͷȱһӰȥţ˵ӰҲǽűȥͼԣǾǰѻУ
ߣǶְɣȺһﲻʹǷΪֹ·ҲǺٺһЦ˵ӰҲ˿زŻڵķȥ
ʱ񾲾ڰյУûпµҲûаѹһоͺֻҪѻУܹõһ򵥡
ҵˣ
ʱȳ嵽ԱߵľȻκӣԼôĻҲһسȣϾҪˣ
ֻҪѻõ֣ôҪһ¾ǣһе뿪˵أڽǾͲĵġ
κӵٶô죬Ҳõֻʵȼü·ҲغһҪӲ
ʱκֱӵԼƣ˻ֱӵȥǻɫâУʵֱһѵץס
оյĶκ¶һ޷˷ɫҲǺܿͷӦûκεضֱӵתһȥ
ֻҪԼӵ㹻Զ;Բ׷ԼΪǵһѣǲǻڶȵ֮ģܹ뿪㹻죬ˣ
κӣܣ
ֻʿԷҪܵģҲǲˣҪУܹκӰȡߡ
ţȵȣȱ׷
ͻȻͣٶüͷ壬¾ֹֻʵľٶ
磬ǿǻ񰡣Ǽһˣǲ׷ô죿
ֻʷ˷ۣҲżصȻܿ񣬾Բ˵С
ûµģܲˡ΢΢һ£Ҳҡҡͷ͵ſϷɡ
ֻȻ÷˵Ҳǰӣ÷ƶôаˣκӾͿ϶ܲ
˿ŷͻȻͣҲǸԿһۣǲ⣬ǿûϵʲôǰֻҪ׷κӾܹӵ˻
ƿκӵӰϵѸǰһת۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿ˲Сľ룬ûżӱһɵɫ
ʱκǼǰӰȴǶȻյĻҲǿʼϵţų貵â
ô£
κӵɫ䣬еĻųâԽԽ貣ŵǣĿʼоһȵ¶ȣ¶Ƚ޷ܣ

ܿκӾǲҽһ̲ס֮л¶ȣֱӵɿ֣ɫޱȲ԰ףһԼģȻһƬڣ
κӴʱ䣬ҲõЩ׷ȥǿֱӵͣؿκӺԱߵһ
ʱǾţֻͷųâԶȸղŸΪ貣
ҵĻ񣡡
κӿԼǰĻ񣬵ҲһٶԼһֻƣֱӵҪٴΰץС
־ٶԶķҲ΢һЦҪĶô׾ܹߵĻëĶᱦ


2588 ԵĻ
ôͲ²⵽һĻ
ʱֻҲһȻ֪ʲô飬κģҲϵõκѾûа취߻
ֻ߻ôֻʾɻŻᡣ
ô򵥣һЩҶĲɫ΢΢رҡͷΪ̶Ķôܹױô
ŷƵĻֻҲǷӦ˹ȷ̶ֵ֮ıѰ׾ܹߣôҲǳƲʲô
ڳֵһ鶫ǻ񣬷磬ҲֻܹӵУֶôܻ׵ش뿪̶
˼˵ֻɫ࣬ƺҲԼز²⵽һЩʲô
ûдһԣ޷Ļ벻΢΢ͺκһ³
ֻԣʱٶκӵϣֺػһ㣬һȴǾڰ֮УҲûа㶯
ѵ˵ûа취ֱܹӴ߻񣿣ֻҲǳ
ûУܹеԸѱ仰˵Ҳܹ֮еԳ㣬ĻһŻ㡣ҲǵصȻûмʶ񣬵ҲܹݵµΣ²߰˷֡
ʵҲȷ˵һһԼԣӦ˵񣬶Լԣһǿ˻Ҳ޷֮ռΪУΨŴͨߣܹȫǸˡ
֪İ취ֻʴʱҲһɵؿŷƣƼȻܹĲѰôȻҲӦ֪һ
ֻǴڴ񣬷ʼ򣬵ܿϧҲ֪
ֻһһ۷ƣҲ˼УȻѾ֪ƾѰİ취޷ߣôҲǲ˼ţܹ
ʱڷĬʱļǿҲǰǼǿİǿκӴʱ̬Ҳܹ֪ǿȻմȾģȻ³κ㡣
÷ƸоǣڵСȴٶȳ֣ļϣһЦ̬һ
÷ƾòǣСεʱʱſһ£ҲǱе˷ܣƺ˭ڽн
΢΢һСΣСεһֱ֮ϣҲһ㶣ĪǡĪСλܹǻ֮еԴڽн
ǲûпܣСα͵ĴڣԼ˼ǲţǻһ⣬Ǿͬȴڵʱ
СΡ
뷨÷ƾúܷ񣬽ǲ˼飬±æкСΡ
ţ
Сƺ¶һܿĵӣŷƽԼҲǲɵɻؿһ۷ơ
㡭ܹǿļһһʱ֮䲻֪ôҲֻǿ仰˵˼СǷܹǻ֮еԽн
԰ǿһСӣܿҲܿءСԴ
Сô˵·ͫ׽඼̲סͣһ£⡭ֱ֮ϲСܹŻ֮еԴڽнĻôܹöԷǺܴյһ£
ԱߵֻʺϹ޼ɶǲƵɫϵڽб仯ʵĥһҲҡҡͷ±ٶȰעǻ֮ϡ
ȻˣһԸԸ뿪ǰһСνнĻôͿ˵һĻܹ׵شߣ
㷭һ¡СҲǵ˵ͷ·ƱǿСεתƣ촽ʱʱضһ£Ƭ֮СαǵС˵뿪ղǸ̫ˣѹϡ
ֻش𣬷ƾͲûסЦκ֪ӵԭ򣬿»Ǳ
ôߣСοƵɫҲԼز²ƵͼҲ¶ЩԸɫ
ȻǡƺεˣСεɫ֪ʲôͷһתҲȻص˵ԱˣвС
С֪ƶǻû˼ʱССҲٶȸֳЩЦ⣬˵ͷãҾȥ


2589 ˭˭
ڷͨСεĴǻ֮енʱҲǰ಻סе̰ʱȻٶȻض֡
κӴʱڻĲԶ˫ֽǽ֮ɫɫʹ಻֪ԼѾûκϣȡˡ
£˾ȻҲǸһҪֱӴ߻ǲ԰׵ɫҲǸֹһĨ񶾣òĶҲõ
֮ϵĹŹǾԲ˵һĻǾûܹߣֻҲܣ
λյǿߣһΪǿߣֱӵ˹ȥһκӣ촽ƺҪʲôջûʳ
뵽ƽʱκӵԸԸǲ֪ҲҪǷһѣǻ
ǿֱӵӵڲԶκӣֱӵߵ˻ĸ貵ĻɫâҲϯſµ¶Ȳϵɢ
ǿΪףҲ޷׵赲ȵ¶ȣھ׵ʱ򣬲òͣ
Ƭ֮ǿȵ¶ǰ֧ŲסɫΪ԰ף˺ˮһ㣬ò˺󣬶һ˺ʱһҡͷ
Ȳ˵ģƾ¶ȣ͸ּĴڿԵֵˣҪ֪ڳĿɶĴڣȻǿһǿ߶ֵ˵¶ȣжô£֪ˡ
ʱǿ˳ʱ򣬲ɵǶ࿴һκǽڵ˫֣ڿ֪ΪκӻͻȻͣѹּԳܵ
ǿҲûж˵ʲôֱӵ˵Զǵ̬Ȼڸˣһεᣬûа취
˵ûǸʸ
ѡ˳ȻҲǲ͸¶ղʲô˼ȻκӵһģһҵòҲõ̬
һ޷ȡ񣬵ʣǿҲٶȳĬǿɲٶðգѾǰ֮ˡ
֮£ǲ֪عȥӴǾҿͷ
ʱ򣬷ƵɫҲǶȻ¶һֲõЦݣΪͨСεĽ鹵ͨһ£ֻʽ
ǣʾԣ˻ĻǾûҪˡ
ֱ֣ӹȥͿˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ʊ̧ͷڵֻʵ
ɶ˵ʲô
ֻʶȻرһҲ˼亹һؿŷƵ磬ûùôȥҲûа취
ⲻǸ취ôЦеص
ʲôʱˣֻʵ۵ǵøղ˷ƣ˵֪ġ
Ǿ߹ȥͿ˰ӺԣͻȻеԽˣô˵ˣֻʻ
ֻʿЦãӰ취ȻʱȻҲǲ˵Сε£ҲһֺɫңȥȻҵĵ
ֻסˣٿ¶ɫһ˵¶ɫĻôκ飬źܴİգȻ̬
ȷֻʽüͷȻҲڿǣɲǿЦģѾùԼǰԿˣԼûʲô취óȻȥĻôûʲô졣
ֻʵľɲҲǺΣʼҾ͸ˣһ仰£Ҳȥ͵ÿԼ
ֻҪֻʵͷӦȻ˵ǰٷְ٣ǷţֻʵΪ޷շĻôڳҲǲܹһ㡣
˭˰
ֻʱǺһԼĵȴǲƣЦеһֻʵļʲôʱƭˣңȥֲǳǲ
ֻʳ˼Ƭ̣Ҳ˾ҧ֣ؿˣҪˣңͷǵð
ȥȥɣǿǻ񣬵̫õĻ˱һͲˡҲǹһЦ
ֻغһ÷ӦǲͻȻҪȻʲôֶΣԼƺֻҪշ˵ȥͿԡ
ǻˣֻѹţǶԼ˸ʲôСûˣԷǷƣʶڣһֱֻʲϸĹۡ
ģ˭˭ǣһˣֲֻҲֱӵһ̤ǻڵĵط
ʱֻʵһһȻҲǣ˵񾭣±ϡ


2590 ֻʵĳ
ֻʵľٶʱ˶ףֻҪʲôҪȥһ
ѾӳǰʧˣΪ˵ıֳĬҲǼûκ֪֮еʲôõ޷ȡ
޴ļһҾ͵ſʱ򣡡
κӿֻ˹ǲҰ׵ɫҲǸһֻɫţֻʵ³һģһǲ߻
𼶱ĴڣҲֻǸĴڣܹЩĴڣȻѾǿȴûǿûĵز
ֱӵؿκӣֻ۶ûпһκӣκǸʦͲʲô
ֻʣ浽ΪԼԴ߻ô
һͳκӵĿ³ؿֻʵˣҲˣܵõģ
κӵƣֻʶȻͣһ½Ų۽ƳһڲԶκӣһĨЦ˵ķϻٶһĻҲһǰľˣûǸʦ㡣
ֻʵⷬκӵɫøŤԹؿһֻʣûм˵ǽضֻʣҪۿһ£ֻʵʱ¶ʲôӵľɫ
ֻֻͣһ£֮ҲǼ߶ţ˻ǰʮ׵ӣվֻѾǸоõȵ
һ޷ݵȣּĴڣҲǸоȵ¶ȣŲ֮еûʲô
ֻ˿ɣԼټǰĻһʲôӵ³
ʱĶߣȷǴ˷ƵĴҪſ־壬ȥԼɡ
ȻǷƶô˵ˣֻȻɻ󣬲ȻҲǽҧҲֱӵһǿȵ¶ȣõԼľӽˡ
ȣõֻ̲ס˫ȫƤһ˲ҪоõԼ嶼Ҫȼһ㡣
ˣֻûз֮ڣȻرһ΢âȫһֻ̣Ҳ˸оࡣ
ʱŻľ룬׵ľ룬̶̵ףڴʱֻпȴ˵ңԶ
ֻ˫΢УǰĿռ䣬Ϊȵ¶ȣʼϵŤֻʳһѣεĸоԼʱѣιȥĻǿɾԲһ¡
ǿдֻ֪Ϊ¶̫ߣѾԼظˣٶǰһСξ룬ȻŻӽӽˡ
Լ˫ֻ֣ʵ忪ʼҡʱпҪ˿ǵĲѡ
Ϲ޼ԶһĻҲסţֻҪֻܹȥĻôܹǻ֮еϿɣΨܹŻ뿪򣬷Ļ˭Ҳû취Żߡ
ûϿɣˣҲ޷ǿӲֶĨɱ˻֮е飬ܹȻĻ񣬾ͲΪˡ
κؿֻһһؽӽ˻ɫ𽥵΢زţ֮˸ŷŭ
ģôܣôܹ߻񣡡
Ъ˹κӿдݺݵصֻʣڵֻʳʱӣһĻȴ÷ƿˣ·΢΢һ£ҲӰ΢΢˸һ£κӵԡ
㡭Ҫʲô
ڷƵͻȻ֣κȻҲһȻƵϢǴ۾ղǿ˷սḶ́ɲΪһܹѴȵֵزˣһߡ
Ϊ㰲ѡ΢΢һЦҲɵκӣӶԭĵطԶһ㣬Ϊ˷ֹһʲô飬ƾûǰֻʵľԶһȽϺá
ܵģԲֻʿԴߵģİɣκЦΪƵ˿ȴǲ֪ûаյĻֻǰȥðա
ʧ˰ҡͷһЦȴõκκҲǱ֮ɫȴǲ÷
ʱֻڵĵطͷųĻɫâӵ貣ȫڸסֻʵ壬ǣǵ¶ҲԽԽ£ʱƾôԶĵطҲܹоõһˡ


2591 Ҫ
ƶܹظоǵȿµϢοֻʣ
ʱֻʣΪǵȵϢԺѾǿʼ𽥵ģʶһƬңֻʣеһƬִ˼ȥ
֮УֻǸоԼסһöȵĶƱǴһʹʱõ˲١
ǵѣӭȷǸΪµʹ
ֻҪһԼĺǱסһκҪ׵Լ֮һɢ¶ȵƷȴһƺ𽥵ԼѪ֮У
ȻΪզģʿԣǿȥ
ԼУֻһƮֻʴʱ״̬ǣʶȥ׷ѰԴһ̣һɸΪµ¶ȣȴǶȻɢ鼰
ܳ
ʱֻ˶ǱòˣٻҲ֪Լ˴⣬ǰԼӴĿ¶ȣòѾǽ壡
һȥĻɵҲܹף⵽ô£彫ȫرȵ¶ݻ٣
ʱ³ֻһǾ˻ҽ
ʱӰӶֱӵس˷Ƶߣ¶һصɫŷƵҸоϢڲϵر⵽ô£
ӰӺֻ֮ƺǴĳϵܹо˴֮״̬
ԣҲüͷѵǳʲô⣿˵޷ҲǳʲôΣյһĻֻʺΣգ
˵˰ɣκӶòĶֻʲô
Աߵκȴһص֮ɫȵâȻǿֻʵ壬ȴҲܹõʱֻʲôʹࡣ
룡˵ϻɱˣӰӵ±ǴŭκȻҲʲôøС
𼱣Ҳѯһ¡ƻ˻ֹ֣ӰӣҲǱ˫Сιͨһ⵽Ƿʲô飬ôǱӡ
ܿƬ֮󣬷Ʊ֪ԵɣԭʱֻѾڽḶֻ́ǻ֮ΪֻʴѣֻҪɹһأôֻʾǳΪܹӵлĴڣ
õģû¡Ҳ˫ۣ¶һص΢ЦӰӵļɡ
ǣȻäĿֹۣҪܹշ飬Ҿȥ˺ô
ŷɫκӵ±ǹһЦֻԽֱ޷ŵһ¡
Ŷ
ʱƻתɨһκӣһĨЦݵ¾ȥˡ
£κ˵ɫ̣֮вǸֳһֿ־塭ֻʡòᡭɣ
ԼĪʱ֮󣬷ƶȻ̧ͷ˫֮бһ־âˣѾˡ
Ӱӵ±ǽɨȥǲõǵ̺¶ȵĻɫâʱȻ𽥵ɢ
ܿ죬ǳֳֻʵ壬ʱֻ˱ڰ֮У˾ùǣЩɫâʱȻǻ֮У
һĻ޴ˣҲֻ֪ʽ񽵷ˣ
⡭ôܣԲܣκزţǻ̺жôؿ£ԲĴڿԳܵģǴʱԷȴܹƾΪ˻
Ҳ飬ȴֻʵϳɹˣ
κͬȵĿɲֻκһˣǿߣӰҲ¶һΪ𺳵ɫκ˶һֻӵ˻ǾһǳҪĸı䣡
統УΨվ۷ǿ߲ӵУֻӵеĻ˵պֻͬҲʸܹЩƽƽ
ȻҲϣѣ½ܹϣˣɲֻ࣬ʣȴӵϣ
һֻ̣ʵ΢زһ£һֱյ˫Ȼ˸ɫâ˵ʶʱΪ֮ıࡣ
ӰӶǸоƺӸղһ̿ʼԼѾǿ͸СһĻˡ
Ƭֻ֮еĻɫâ𽥵ɢҲǻָѹһ¾ǹһЦɨһۣ˷ƣ֮¶ϲõɫ
ơҾȻˣ
ֻ˷ܵɫҲ΢΢һЦ˵Եġ
ҲһղʵҲǵţһʲô⣬Ҳ޷Ԥϣҡ


2592 ϵ
ֻʵҲ¶ʮɫʱѾԵزԼı仯ɻԼɵġ
ƴʱ´һֻʣȻҲΪص˵ͷԸܵõȻֻж̶Ƭֻ̣ȴǳ̥ǵı仯
飬õϿɣȻܹЦ
㣬Ǽһڳ˯ˣҲǸңڵǸСһҲǰҴ壬ľһЩҪ˯һʱ䡣ֻоâ˸ȻҲ֪˷СεĴڣȴǿСΣͺƴʱҲǸоĴڡ
ûиһЩʲôرҲΪɻʵȻҲһĶͷ˿̥ȥ
ŷѯʣͬԱߵϹ޼Ҳ¶˸ȤɫֻʵĻشȴõеʧ
ڻǼһ˯ˣµõȵһص֮ѯһºֻܹҲغһڣҲе㲻˼飬˻
ܡܡȻˣ
ʱУһκ૵صʧؿֻʣѹ벻ͨΪֻܹ
룡ֹֻκӵ¶һɫöһﶯˣŷƵʱҰɡ
û˵ʲôֻǺɵرǰκӸ׵ֻʵǰǰΪƣõκӼûκεķ
ʱκӶȻؾѹһЦֻʣʶһֺ⣬صֻʡҪʲô
ǵǼôֻǵЦ𽥵رһĨЦһ顣
Ǽӣǰ㵱ֵܿȴΪϯ֮λıƻǣʦ棬Ϊ㻹ܹ񣿡ֻصü֮һĨ˵ɱ⡣
оɱκиǿ־壬ʶ˺󣬾ֵ㡭㲻ɱңʦйԼġ
ǰǸԼĻΣκֻⷬҲҧκӵʦǸʲôӵԼõκܹ
ɱ㣬ȴǿԷ㣡ֻʵޱȣһ̣һǴֻʵֱӵκӣ
ֻʵļƣ൱Ҫϵκӣ統УκȴڣͨΪĳдϹأȻʱһκӱϵĻǿǵͬɱʹ࣡
ңʦһŹģκӵɫſ־Լŭ֯ŤӣûԼվһ³
ʦʱҲҶңһ⣬䵣ʱ򣬻絣ܻܲ뿪򣡡ֻһĨɭȻɱ⡣
һ̣ƶȻس׵رһƵâֱӵ貳֣ȴκӵһҽǳĪʹࡣ
Ƴһκӣ˶һ㣬Ϻһţղһֻʸֱӵطϵĵ
ҲǵͬκӵΪݻˣպκӾͬһˣӵʣӴ֮Ҳһˣ
֣նɱɣһغһȻشֻʣΪκӵ֮п׵նݳպ»ǸԼ˴ָ鷳
ˣʦйףܻɱһҲΥˣûϵûôֻգգ۾ΪȤζص
ûûһĻκǷܹ뿪һδ֪֮
ֻʵһоٶʣİ˸˽ǳĬȻΪκӳͷȥֻʣȻͬҲǸ㲻ֻʵôģȻֻ֪ʣѾӵ˻ĴڣڻûһҲǱ൱ߵļɵ
һѾˣڶֻʲôأƴʱ֮Ҳǲ΢΢ܹ֮һγ飬Ǿ̫ˣ
Ȼе㲻̫ܣϾǺεȴڣһҽõ飬һβʱǧ꣬ôٶȳ顣
ҲסѾֻʵУôȻѾûϣˣֻǼڵڶ֮ϣ


2593 ɳ
ͬڴģзƵˣʱֻѾǻ飬ν㣬˿Ǳ̬ˣ˭˭ߡ
ע⵽ֻʵ˵̬ʣİǿһۣȻҲһţǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿᵽһ
Ƭ֮·Ļ̶ٶǲЩһĻ˶һȻǺǵڶҪֵף
ٺ٣ôﶼñ뵽֣ǼһЩһʼȥֻҲЦ
²̫ðɣˣ֪ЩһʲôϹ޼ȴΪǵص
ɶ˭ǲʶʱ˵Ҫ෴Ըɴൽףһֻʵ̬ȺǼҾЩһҪʲôֽţҲûǸᣬƾ˵ΪټӰӵĴڣҪסǣ»ҪķһЩۡ
˸ˣһģ˭ֻһЩĸأҲΪֻʺڳ⼸ǿһҲǶݵˣȣûǸɱԡ
˵ɣڶǲֵǳ֣ͲҪˡƳƬ̣Ȼֻ˵ģ²Ҫ̫
ǾͿ˵ɡֻʼ򣬷Ͳһµ
Ƭ֮·Ļ̶ٶǴЩһҫ۵â˲һأһһ㣬ֱƲ񷣡
âĳ֣һֶһ֪Ѱ֮
ôоֵ⣬òеͷСֻ΢΢ر˫̽Ѱһ֮˫ҲΪ㵵ص
Ҳãһ㡣ƳԼشһâ֮иܵһɲɣϢǿԽʱ£
ܹӵϢĶǼ򵥵ȥ
һ̣Ϊ֤ʵƵ˵Ĳ²⣬ҫ۵â𽥵ʧһһΪɫâƿն֣ӻ̶֮жȻسһľϵѹ
ɫâ֮󣬷ƶ΢΢ɫȻȻӵѹѹ
Ҳѹ
ֻҲǵɴ˫ۣû뵽Ի֮󣬵ڶȻֱǿĶ
ǹϢΪֲһ̣ɫȻطһ˿仯עһɫâг𾪡
ҲΪһĿϢܿǷ֣ʵͬ㣬ѹ򵥣

ŷô˵ֻʺϹ޼ҲǶʱһ㶣Ǽ˺Ļֻʲô
ΪµĴô
ȿ˵ʵ̫˼ˡ૵ص˫һֱһɫâҪ۲ǵʲôȻ̫ңԶȴ޷͸
Ƭ֮ɫâ𽥵ȥͬղһһ㣬˻̶Ͽ֮Уֱʱ򣬷Ƶ˲ǿһѵʲô
һƳһƽأûнУ˶ƽģ˿ûзĸоĽ֮ϣӡ෱ķģԼЩɫâ˸ȥΪأ
Ǿ޽ôֵĽûϹ޼˫۵ɴϸشѱ־Ȼϲ⵽ʲô
ǳߣس޷ĳߣֻʼʶ㣬Ҳϳһسߣ磬ʹسߵ˲࣬ҲǷǳš
ΪķģȻһ֣ʶôϸضţ±ǿǽ֮ϣΪķģȥظУȻŲСͷ
ֻԣҲϸضһǻҡͷ֣Ҳûмʶϲ
£õ÷иΪ𾪣ֻͬʶϲ֣жôϣسߵһ
磬˼飬سߣֽɳߡ
ȻʱСεȴֱӵڷƵ˷ֵ
ɳߣ
һʶ׷ʵسһġ
ǹǣСȴûٻشκ⣬÷أ磬ߣΪؼȴ֣
£ҲǽسߵָֻϹ޼ɣõͬҲǴһȻɳߣѹֻ˲
Ǹؽļһȥɳ˰ɣҲΨܹʹá
ȻʱСεȴٶȻش


2594 ɳ޷
СεͻȻо㵲ѣȻС֪ɳߵͷҲǵڳĿҲֻϹ޼ʺϡ
£Ʊ΢΢ƳһϹ޼ɱһѾ޴ĳʵ˵⵹Ҳǵȷûже޽ͬҲؽ޷档
Ϲ޼ɣɳߣȥ߰ɡ
һ£Ҳ̧ͷصϹ޼ɵϡ
ȥϹ޼Ϊ죬Ҳǿһ۷ƣҡҡͷѾʦҵ޽ˣҲʺҡ
ɳߣس޷棬ǰѾ޽֮ͬ㲻Ҳǿԡ
ʱֻҲԱ߿ȰΪͬý֮ˣϹ޼ɵĽʺʲô͵ıȻŽһ򷨹ڣһľ磬һ֦Ҳܹ޵䡣
˵ˣ㲻ȥõĻôȻͻᱻߡЦȻǲɳ뵽˵С
ɳ򵥣ƣ֮ϣʵ˺ʲôȻ޷֮档
Ϲ޼ɳĬһ£ֻ˵ҲͦеһɳߣȻ̧ͷʵҸ
Ȼɳ߲򵥣浽һ˿ԴߣҲȻʲôϡ֮ˣǾ˷ֻʻûḶ́ɲһܹܵġ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷһιǣСβû˵Դ仰˵֮󣬱һֱųĬ
ƲϵغҲûκηӦ˷Ҳֻա
ƸҸղŵľɡֻʱҡҡͷҲصصȹȥɳǳɹ
ôҾԡϹ޼ʼҲǶɳûжڴܹõȻãòֵĻҲˡ
ȻûȴϹ޼ɶȴѾһҲֻһ
ǿֳɳߣƵһۣҲûнһȷ棬һɳߵô£
һ̣λǿߵӰȻסڰ֮Уÿ˵ɫǹŹޱȣӲرԭء
ǵɫ쳣ѿһε亹ϵص£ǰһɳߣһʸߵɽǰѹϵڼǴ粽У
һĻƵ˵ɫҲǱ࣬ԶҲܹظܵõɳ֮дİѹǲ
ɳߣʲôͷǳô꣬ĺ󣬵ɳȫ֮ʣֻһʲô龰
Ϲ޼૵صɳߣ֮ҲǸһĨȣû˾ܾǿ޽ȷǿҷǳʺɳ߸ǿʺĻôͱҪȡ֣
˵龰ȻǸɳߵʸûУ˵ˣԼĪƬ֮ɫøӲ԰ףֽͬһ㣬͵һѪ
˵ʱͬߵķһ㣬ֱӵرĳֿȵ˺ֱ࣬ɳߵķԲ֮⣬Ǹоࡣ
һۣӽǾ㵵ɫһѾ׵ɳ߲ǣûʸɳߵ
˵ǰ֮ʱʣҲǲʲôٶϾ֮Ϊࡣ
ҾͲˣ⻯̶ıĳ˾ͻûԵ
Ȼʱʣ˵УһŨüҲǴֵصҲǲһУֱӵ̤ٴνӽɳߣ
ȻĽȴ˼ûʲôΨһͬĵطվɳߵǰʱ˸ҪϲãĽȻ˳
һӣ֮ǰһΣ˻ͦԣʦҲʶͷĲˡʱֻҲԱ
ôվûа취ɳߣͿˣϹ޼ɡ΢΢һЦҲǽϹ޼ɵϣʾʱԶˡ
Ϲ޼ص˵ͷǽľ޽£ֻʣһ˻̤Ŀɳߣ
Ϲ޼ɵӰʼ߶Ҳ˵עʱȻҲҲʲô


2595 
²ǲóǣûǸʵãں֮£Ϲ޼ɴ˴ǽɳߣҲǲ˵ʲô
Ҳǿǵһ㣬ԸղŷƲгһ˽һµǰᣬԶžǵĲ
Ϲ޼ɫƽɳߣĽŲޱȵؼᶨһһ룬ͬռ䶼Щ
뵽ɳԼĪһ׵ʱǶȻͣһ£һĻȻҲõ÷΢΢üͷĪǻǲô
Ϲ޼ɵͣ٣ǳ˰룬֮ٶȿ綯˽ŲֻһεٶȱǰΪҪࡣ
ʱؿϹ޼ɵɫʼÿ߶һҪѾ޴һ㣬Ǵ粽У
ôֻҲüͷϹ޼ɵӰҲΪĵص
ӦÿԣЩ棬ȻΨʺϣܴɳߵĻôҲû˿ˡƳһҲ˵
ϣ˰ɣϾһɳܹߵĻôĵɾͲֵġֻ̾һڿɻҪﵽ׻ǳʲô
һǻ񣬵ڶǱҪµɳߣôֻʲôֱ˾ò˼飬̶һʲôĵطȻ̺䱦
˵˵ղĻûɹĻôڶҲ
Ϊ㵵ص̶
ǵģҺãջҵСֻʹһЦҲҽǵģΪҽһ뻯̶֮ˣΪڶܹȡɹ˵ѹûг֣ڹ˲֮ڶҲٶȳŽ̶С
ҲǵΪҽȡ֮˵׷ɱȲѵؼ˱ӣǾһεĻ̶Ψֻһ֣һܹߣһûг֡
һԺãܹǽ⻯̶ˣֻôˣв֯ǲ١ֻҲǸ̾һ
ȷǴڻǹ뻹ڣôټµĴڣҪ¾ͱѶ
ǵ֮£ҪñǾͱҪһսˣȻˣҲ뿪˻̶һ㵹Ҳֻʾˡ
Ƶ˵ͷֻʵĻɷϣڵĻҪñѶȾ͵÷˷
ڳǿȻ٣Ҳಢߣ˵޷ŷƵȣֻʲûķѶٹǰѻȡˡ
ʱһֱֳŲɳߣȴͻȻһ£һɸΪѹ˲䱬
ԶķƺֻʵˣɫҲǾ䣬ѹʵ̫ˣǶǸоļ£˵ǾɳϹ޼ˣ
ȻʱϹ޼˶ͣɫ죬޷ٶȿ翪ԼĽŲϣһɽѹһ㡣
ʱϹ޼ɾɳߣֻвһ׵ľ룬ֻҪϹ޼̧ƾܹյɳߣ
ȻƺܽڴʱϹ޼˵ͬһңԶ޷
Ƶü壬ֻһֵۣزҲǰﲻʲôæΨǿϹ޼ԼҲΪϹ޼ܹߵľ룬ɳߵע⣬Żѹ
߾
Ϲ޼ɫ죬ŭһȻӲذѹĽֱۿʼضˣ
˫עǰɳߣоֻǽһֵľ統У棬Լڻ̶ԼҪʲô
УֻһǾɳߣ
ʱڷƵ˿ɳ߶ȻѹϹ޼ջǰƷɳ֮ϡ
һ̣ɳ߶ȻͷųһǿâٴͬһӼһ㣬Ϲ޼˶ǰУһĻõ÷ƺֻ͵һ
Ϲ޼ջǳɹˣڽֻҪɵĻ¾ܹɹشɳߣ
һȻӵģȻĳɹˡָֻͣϹ޼ܹɳߴߣҲһ¡
ڻ˵׼ûв´Ļɳ֮ӦǵĳִڣԼʶҪúķһ򡣡ҡҡͷȻʱϹ޼ǳɹؽ̣յĽΣ˵׼


2596 ߻
кóʱ䣬ǷƣǻˣʱǾصȴϹ޼ɵ׻Ρ
ϾڣḶ́Ϲ޼ܹɳߣȻõò˶Ϊ֮ȣҲ˿ûа취ֻǸɵۿš
˭ԼɳߵʸûС
ʱϹ޼ȫһ貵âţһ޴ĹӼھصȴɱ䣬Σһƶδܹ²ó
Ϲ޼ɴʱһһ㣬ǰһƬʵĹâһƬʵĹâ֮УֻһǾһѳӣɳߡ
Ϲ޼ɫ΢ذȥֱӵסһɳߣȻ֮£ֱ۸оһɰֱӵشɳڲŷֱͨӵؽԼƵС
Ϲ޼ɫȻرóôʱԼھǱһӴڱţϵ˺Լڵĸ
оһ޷¶ʹĥԼǴһĺסʲôֱӵ˵
Ϲ޼ɶʱ˹֪ɳڰԼ´Ȼ̺ʹ࣬һֵ׵Ļõĺôϲ
̫ˣ֧Ųסɳߵ
ʱϹ޼ɵԺ涸ȻظֳһģӰص
Ϲ޼ȻǱͻȻı仯һҲǼоŪһͻȻģӰ˭
þȣԳƺΪɳĻ꣬ڣɳ߱ڣɳΪһͨıѡ
ģӰԳǳ߻꣬ҲǲϹ޼˵Ҳܹ˽⵽Ϲ޼ɴʱе뷨
ԣϹ޼˫Ȼصɴһ£ʦ𣬺һѱǵԼ֮ѱһı仯
ǰо޽˵Ѿ޽ʦ½ЯȴûеԼĻ꣬Բһ
ҲʱʱӽĿ֪һѱ˻꣬ѱԻǳΪµĴڣϧѾһʱ䣬Ҳ޷޽ԼĻꡣ
ȻǰɳߣȴӵԼĻϹ޼βȡ
Ϲ޼ϸһҲͷţϾɳѰıһ㣬ƺҲ޷֮磬ܹԼĻ꣬Ҳ֮С
Ϲ޼ɵҲǺ֪ɳߣ˭ǴûŹ½֮ϣ˾˵Ĵڡ
ҳ˭ҲͲöˣǲ˵ġ
߻ȻҲǲ²⵽Ϲ޼ɴʱʲôֱӵػش۷壬ȴɢѾǣһЩڣҲǡ
һϹ޼һҲɻѣⷬ͸¶˼Ǻܶ࣬ͬʱҲϹ޼ɺܲ죬߻ⷬƺ𲢷۷壬֮бĴڣ
õϹ޼ԼǾú£⼸ǲܵ£Ҫ֪һܹӵеʵǶôؾˣҼԼʦһΣǿɵһ
һ£һƬڲѵȴǱһһӲնϣһĻγɣҪεȵܹ
𣿶˵ȷǺǿһȷʵʲô߻국ػӦƺɫ֮иûа𾳵Ĵڷڡ
Ϲ޼һͻȻǺ߻һ𶼲ʲôֻǺεȵؿ¡
ˣЩ֪Ҳûã𲢷ɳߣҪͻҲ¡߻˻֣ҲǵصڣҪдȻĻɹˣҲ޷ɳߡ
Ϲ޼æǵ˵ͷȴе޿κΣҪ֪Ȼ˵⣬ǷһҲǺܲģСǸ潣ΪǽҪȻǸӵؿ̣ڳ߻ȴʲô
ڵʹȴڳһαһθӵԳܣϹ޼ǸоԼ궼Ҫ˺һ㡣
ֱ仯֮ĺôҲԶ׼ģɱûɣϹ޼ҲܹظܵԼڴʱı仯
һǿĸо
ǵģϹ޼ɿظоԼøǿˣκʱ򶼾Ҫǿ
һɱʹ飬һǹ۲ԼԽԽǿϹ޼ɾʹֵ״̬֮лؽɱ䡣


2597 ȫ
Ϲ޼ڽɱ䣬ȻҲڷһЩϲ飬õ÷Ƶ˽һ
Ϊ̶֮ڵ֮һϣܵĻ̶ЩŨİɫѾ𽥵ص
ķ̶һӾǱûʲô֣Ǻܿ죬ƱǸоֱӵس˻̶
ûֹͣʱƣ˻ǸӶ࣡
ӣһҪһѪȷ簡ƿЩܵǿߣҲǿЦ
һ㵹Ҳǳҵˡֻʼ֮ʧµĲǻ̶ܱߵЩɢˡ
˼˵ЩһʧˣȻЩǿ߾ܹ׵Ѱҵɻص
Ӧģǰûг֣ΪҪһʱ䣬ʱȥôˣȻҲܹ׾ٵѰҵ̶ֻЦ˵Ҳ̫ûõ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ΢΢¶һЦ⣬һ̶ֻ֮ʣǻ˻Ϲ޼ɴʱҲڽĹ֮УǿһɳߣֵͬҲ޷Աȡ
ȻϹ޼޷Ḷ́ôҲûа취һֵĻ˵ǣǳ˶ǿֱ뿪ˡ
ΪڶһûܹߣȻҲǲ֡
֪ΪΣָоֻͻȻسĬһ£ҸоһжǱһ㣬ǸоﲻԾ
ԣʱһ£̧ͷʵﲻԾˣ
֪Ҳ˵Ҷ˰ɡֻҡҡͷָоҲͻȻֱҲԭɨӶԽԽǿָ֣߳оǸӵǿҡ
ʱΪܵǿֵ߳ԽԽ࣬ȴǰǰ˸֮⣬̶ܱߴʱѾǾۼʮǿߣ
Щ˲ſµϹҲͷˣǸԵΪҲǲһ㶼ңΨһ̥һ۾ĴھͲ뵽
֮Ȼûˣѹˣ
֮ûˣбʲô
Ҳˣûǳ֮ǰǼ˶վŲȻǱˣȴûа취ߡ
ʱ򣬾ۼȺȻҲһЩ֮ˣƾżۣܹŵطֱʱֻǲ⵽ǳ˵ڼ
һĻֻзֻʵ֪ȻҲǲ˵
ǰ֮һâǿҵĲĪǱ
Ȼע⵽ɳߵĴڣ±˲˵죬׷¶˴ѵɫϾǰ˭ܹѳסԼ
ֻʵݣһЩ˵ҲûʲôֵľٶһӶʱǽ˵עǷɳߡ
Ѿ˿ʼؿ緽ڵķõ÷ƺֻʽ΢΢һüͷȥ²
ΪϹ޼Ĺ̵У˭Ҳ֪ʱھʲô˽дŵĻᷢʲô飬ǷҲ벻
ߣΪϹ޼ɻſԣȻһﻹҪãɲһЩν˶ɧšֻʳƬҲǶŷƵ
ɫ࣬˵ͷ˵ӰҲȻɿֱӵشԭأɳߵĸ
ֻʵĶԣҲõòɫ΢䣬ϲ˭ȴֻܹ֪ʵݡ
ɳ߹Ȼ鴫ѹò˳ܲˡ
ڿɳߵķΧ֮ʱȻҲǸְܵѹҲЦŶԷƵ
Ƶ˵ͷȻҲѹַΧ֮ڣҲǻ£һЩ⡣
ֻҡҡͷǸһĨЦˣ̰ĵģʱ֪Σգʺȥǻǻðնȥ
Բʮߣ
£ֻΪһ֣ҲֱӵضԼڵõ̶ϵػš
ֻһ£кܶɫһߣҪֻ֪ʿĶô˵ˣʱٿĻ¾ΪС
һֻʵıҪΪе³ǿɽǺܱҵ¡
ò˵ֻʵһ仰Ҳȷô󲿷˶ǰ죬ҲйֵĿŵ


2598 
ֹһֱڳţԼĪڰʱ֮ɳâǿʼ𽥵ȻҲ֤ʱϹ޼Ѿ𽥵Ĺ̡
Ѿǽɳ߻ȡˡֻ΢΢̧ͷЦ
ţڳ֮⣬ȷû˸ʺɳߡҲ΢΢
Ϊŷƺֻǿᵽ޷ֱӵĴţҲûʲô˼Ǹɳʲôͷ
ʱϹ޼ɵ棬Ѿ𽥵ƽҲûΪʹģ
˫˸âҲ˷һϵı仯ǰϹ޼أֱر
˵ʶǱøӵ࣬һɽվԭأܹһ˵ѹָС
ǿ
Ϲ޼ҲǲԼı仯һεɱ䣬ԼѾԼһż
ҲǴ˵֮е
Ҳϲģ̶̵һδȻ֮ջ
ҶΪҲֻܹǿɳߵ
ʱ߻ҲǻϹ޼ɵԺ֮и֣ǰһ㣬һγ߻ࡣ
ţ̶ֳȲֻǿô
Ϲ޼˶סˣԼнյɳߣ޷󣬵Ҫʲô磬ܹƿɳߣǸʱɳֻܹжôǿ
ɳߵǿ֮ԶȻҲܹǲҪ̫ƵãϾûȫﵽ̶ֳȡ߻ҲǽŻش
֮ܳһʱһ˯֮УΪ֮ɡ
߻˵仰֮󣬱ǳ׵ʧϹ޼ɵԺ֮УҲûа㶯
Ϲ޼ʱ򣬲Ǵɳߵǿ֮Ȼѹʱ򣬳߻Ѿ˳˯Ϲ޼˼һҲ֪߻Ϊ˴ԼŻǽľҲ˳˯
Ϲ޼ɳĬؿеɳߣһѪĸоⲢһͨԼΪһ壡
ָо޽ҲδԼ֮гһǿƣ
ؾеɳߣϹ޼˶Ǳ˫ǰ޵Ŀռ䣬һֱ̣ۺȻ£
䣡
һ죬Ȼ֮£еɳֱ߱ӵ£ǣһ޴ޱȵĳâЯſµƣֱӵǰ£
һâ֮ʣʵĿռƺҲܵǣƣһֱ̣ӵ
ʱֻŷڲԶĬĬػŵͬʱֻʶ͵ͬһʱ̧ͷǲʲôһ㡣
ǿ󣡡
㣡
ֻ¶˾㵵ɫͻȻǲһɰޱȵĲ֣ȻûӦԱߵķȴɫȻһ䣬ֱӵֻʣ˵ӰȻԭʧ
ʧһ˲䣬ԭһӼɳߣȴǶȻرһâǿٵ֮Ǽ䣬̶˲һ£
޴âӷֻԭȵλֱӵزռ䶼˵غɫۼȻǿռ֮
һâ֮ʣͬ·̶ǿҲǷһ߻Ȼǵ±Ĵܣһâ̫ˣֱΪ޷ֵ֮
¡
һâֱӵ·ƽ֮ϣЩǿҲǷӦıȽϿ죬Ĺؼʱֱ̣ӵرܿһâĹ
һâ֮ʣȴ˼Ϊ𺳵ĳ棡
һ׵ѷ죬ֱӵسǿǰ˽ĿɿڴؿһĻȻΪҪһֵزǶôؼѣҲֻд˵֮е𣬲ܹ
ҵĹԹԣǸһ﷢İɡֻͬҲǾˣ㶵ؿһѷ죬ҲһĿɿڴɫ
ɳߣȻ˵Ƭ֮ҲǻػعҲ֪Ϲ޼Ѿǳ׵ƿɳߡ
ɳߵȻǿ
ʱһˬʵЦȴǻشƵ΢΢ƫͷȴǷǰһӼѾ𽥵ʧϹ޼ɵӰٶǳ˵ߵС
ƽյһɳ֮ϣҲ棬̫ǿˣ
Ϲ޼ɶֻһЦô㹻˰ɣ


2599 
һĿ£̶ֳȵĹܹ𾳵Ĵ˰ɣֻҲغһ֮Ҳ¶һĽȻ˻񣬵ȻɳߵҲǲ
ⲻʱ̶ãҵ𡣡Ϲ޼һЦҲ¶һƬεɫ
飬ǸղһӣѾһּ޵ĵزҲ˵ֻǾӳƸղ̶ֳȵĹΣ
֮ͻᵽһּޣٶʩչĻͻֱӵر⣬Ϊɳߵ̫ԵʱϹ޼ɣ޷ضɳߡ
ҲԼزֻҪԼ𾳵Ļͻı䣬ϾǿҲǿ۷ĴڣرĲ죡
ΣԣҲ΢΢üͷһɳߣеҲȻȻĻһĴڣɳߣ¶ܹҺһƴˣ
ϣˣҪãǱҪϹ޼㣬Ҫְɳ֮ҲҪһĸ
ˣֻҪܹﵽ޵ˣֻҲǷ˷ۣϹ޼еɳߣǿᣬ¶һɫֱǷᡣ
ţôͻȻôˣ
ʱϹ޼ȻҲǻعɨһܣȴǶȻسףҲһ㵡
ֻһۣʼ򣬽һһʮظΪ֮ʧԶţ̶֮Ҳǳֶˣܹ׵Ѱҵ
ͣϹ޼Ҳ¿һܣҲǵصôǶڵҪô
仰Ϲ޼Ȼ˵õǿҲһһ˶䱦ˣȻ㣿ô˶ֶô
ǿǸŭԣϾ֮Ҳû˳ԹֻĽɲǷƲǣʵûԵҲԹ˭
ֻŷһۣ·ʼȿɣʵûҪĻǾͲˡ
ŷһ仰ڻ̶ܱߵǿߣʱǳ׵һǶԵģȻõ⻹òǻˡ
Ҳǹô˵û˵ҪҪǵֵĶʺĻʲôҪᡣ
ƴʱΪܹ۵ĶѾǺˣٴγ顣
Ȼֻһ룬⻯̶Ѿǳֹһ飬Ȼǲٶȳֵڶ飬ȻǾʵ̫ˡ
ôҲ˵ҲҪˣֻɨһۣǻ̶֮ϣ̲ʵ
Ӧǲˡ΢΢ر˫һʱ̶֮вûʲôȻҪصȴƬ̡
̶˶ǳֳһּΪգûһ˵˵עǷ˻̶֮ϣΪ֪һＴҲһλᣡ
һεı᲻ںܶ˵ǰһˣ֮ûˣǰ棻Ҳûˣᰡ
ڣǼžصȴƬ֮󣬻̶֮ǴЩһĻʱڳձý
ͬƵɫҲ𽥵رأֻʲôأ
˵ע֮£ܿ컯̶һУȻٶȻתţһβûǰǵȼҵƣȴе룬سֳһˮ
ˮԼĪһȭͷС̶˵ǺСˮʱ˶ס˺
һӣ
ˮˣһӣŵâţһСӣȴǣ˵˼
һӵĳ֣Ƶĸµǵһţ̲סӿֳһֿϲĪ飿
Ƭ֮󣬷ҲעӣбӿһʧУ飬ǵɫâĻôڵ飬ҲӦȴûκ쳣
ʲô⣿ֻ˴죬ҲûϳӵʲôҲǾɵسûмʶĶʵС
ҲȴܹԼظܵһѹϹ޼ҡҡͷȻҲû
ѹ
һ㶣бĳЩ˵ڣһӣ̺һΪ飡


2600 
˵ôغһҲǻŤͷŷƺϹ޼ɵ
飿
ֻϹ޼һۣҲһȻ˵˹Ĵ˵ϾȴȻδۿ֣ȴŹ
ԣÿһĴڣһӣ̺һһУȵȣ֮һ飬ȴǱ䡣
Ĵ˵к֣ܶȴû˭ܹؿգȴʵسǵǰν𾪲ѣ
ŷѾǱϳӵͬˣҲԼزӵĲѰ׷¶һȵ
һͻȻõ̶ˮһ˲ƽԭǳˮ̶֮еУҲ𽥵ػָƽ
һУֻһ飬ھŻ̶Ϸ
飡
˫΢΢رϣظܵһ֮ϣ̺һɼΪӴѹѹԶԼϡ
Զ֮ϣĻĴô૵صż֮УдӵиЧʲôΪǵȵȣһ˼Ϊ
ؿ⻯̶Ϊһ飬Ѫɺӵ龰֣
СΣô
ʱ򣬷ֻСιͨҪȷӣǷ飬ȻСʲô˷ŵѰСֳ÷ƾãСο²򵥡
ȻСʲôһǲ֪ںܶؼʱ򣬶ѡ˳Ĭ
ţڡ
Ƭ֮СεǻڷƵԺ֮лֱʱ򣬷ƲһҲصʵСΣ֪һʲôô
㲻Ѿǲ²õôΪλҪң
СεٴǻسֶڷƵļ֮ϣͬ۶ɣֻϹ޼ɸ޷Сڳ֮Ҳ¶һֵɫŷơ
ôӺԣղҲֻǲ²ѣûаȷǾ飬¾СεĵͷѾǰٷְȷˡ
ûǾһͷ֮飬ܹöĻҲкôСɫƽص
ôʲôôƵҲǰһҪ֪ǰľ˵ܹöаĶࡣ
Ҳ˽⣬ܹõĻͻûκ⡣Сβ̲صȻҲǶڷƴʱľ
ʱķƣ֮ϴѾǽ˵۾۷壬һ֮ңȻһ֮ң֪ס˶ˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ǾǴ۾ͻƵĻҪĲľɱ䣬Ҫ֧ű仯
õĻôһ߾֮ͻһҪһĹؿѣǷǳ򵥵顣
Сô˵ƶʱĶˣͻƵֻҪͻƵҲ޵У磬𾳵ĳ֣ҪԸĻûмˡ
һε֮Уʶ˴ֻʵȵһ֪ԼȻΪʱĵһˣЩǴĵӻԶԶ޷ȡ
ƴˣԴڵǣƣеһУǿһ˫ȭͷƴܹߵֵزѾ㹻úܶ޷ˣǻǿ
Ҫػ壬ֻԻ͵ĻôƾǱҪøǿڻŶǿǾͻƵ
Ȼ˵Ļ˵ֻҪõ飬ǾܹΪˣǣԭƽҲǶȻ¶һȵϣɫ
û鱾ΪʺϣΪۣȻһĴ۾ΪǵõĻҲܹһСε˵ͷһڼСһ㣬ЦеصĵظӴ֮Ļܹõ顣
һ仰÷ĶѣС򵥣ô˵ĻԼķҪȥᵽ֣
ŷƵ˼仯˵ҲȻرԱߵϹ޼ֻһһۣѾǸо˷ƺһһ㡣
֣Ҫ飿
ֻʿһۣʵ
û顭ͻƵұҪȡ֡غһ£֮¶ȴǼᶨ


2601 
ʲô
£ŷ˵ĻֻϹ޼ɶһ֪źܴãȴûõڷҪ
ͻ
½Ǳһˣǲ֪ж٣Ȼʱ˿̣ڷ˵ܹͻĻᣬǰ
飬˵ˣǻǣҲǲκԥ
е㼬ֻ֡ʳһ£ҲǻصɨӹڳĲˣ֮нصɫ
ƺܼ򵥣ҪǱ׵ᵽ飬Ѿǲˣֻа˸ˣϱϵκӵĻ;Ÿˡ
ǾŸˣֻţƾ⼸ֵĻ㹻ѹǣԹΡ
ʱȴǲһˣɲǾŸˣʮ˰ʮĴڣһĻ𾳵ĴڣҲòݱܷâ
֮£ҪǿӲ̬ȣȡĻǼǲܵ£ⲢǴֻˣ֮£ȡİ취ȻǰԼ·ϱơ
ȷǺ鷳Ϲ޼Ҳǽüͷص
ƳĬһ£ͻȻһξҶһ˰ɣǲҪˡ
Ȼ鱦Ȼʮֵزпᣬ֮ǰȻǲʲôɵ֮⣬һĸͷѪҲκٴ֮֡
仰ʲô˼
ֻʾǲˣһ۷Ƶ缸ɲˣҵ˼ǣܲһ취
ǣôǹֵܣôΪ£ǵʲôˣϹ޼ȻԱҲǲصΪǵ˼
𡭡֣ЦһĶһǽ״ӣǵȿʼĻûٻɵǵݡ
仰˼ףǾǲϣֻϹ޼ɴӲ뵽
ûѵˣҪҸ֪ˣǵðֻҡҡͷҲǵص
ҪŤͷˣպʦ֪һΪ͵÷ˡϹ޼ҲǹһЦɫصصֵˣҪ飬Ǿһ仰¡
ֻʵ˵ͷŵҪ飬ȥѾģˣ˻һ飬˾Ǵսһ
ԣǴսһҲ볢һҵɳߣܹŶϹ޼һЦɫ˿û¶ɵ
ã
ɫ΢΢˵ʵֻϹ޼ܹʱ̬ԼѾǺѵˣҲǶһֺ飬˾Ѫսף
飬ΣҪᵽ֣
һɡ
ʱӰҲǻֻʱ¶ԭһ˫˫ۿһ۷Ƶܲܿһȥֽѵ˴ҲǰһΡ
ƴһӰӣҲǻһЦһæĻɻӸʤ㣡
ģҲİ취ƿЦҡҡͷԤϣҲһܹߵģĻԼɳô
ֻԣ±ǲص˵Ҫضˣܹ飿
Ϲ޼ɳһ£Ҳǵͷпܣ⻯̶ĶȻһܹߡ
ҵĲ룬ڵ֮غһҲ侲طһγֵ飬Ȼйϵ̶ܹϹϵģҲֻ֮ѣ
ֻüͷѰ˼һ£ҲǷ˵֮ˣܹʸ뵽
ԵģҲҸоֵĵط΢΢˫Ȼ뵽һЩ飬ƽص־ٶΪԣ
ԣϹ޼ɲʵ
غһҲƽصѵûз֣⻯̶һУƺõľ籾ôһжǰĳضĹ켣С
ŷһ仰ֻϹ޼ɱǻһӽ¶˲˼ɫ
ҲûָоӸղЩ˳ֵʱұǲ뵽ˡƽص˵һʼ⻯̶һƺõľ籾
̶֮һնõΪ֮նֻҪ֮Žϣ
Ȼ֮֮Ũͻɢʱ򣬵ˣѰҵ̶
޷ȷľǣЩ̶ʱ򣬺Ȼǵ鱦֮ʡ


2602 Ȼ
ŷ˵ʱֻϹ޼һۣҲ𾪲ѣЩֿνû˿ϵǾô˵Ļͷһ룬ôֹ졣
˼˵򣬱һ֣
ֻʳһ£˷ƻص˼Ļ¾е㼬ˣ˭ôôһƵľôˣ
Ҳ֪Ҷˡ΢΢̾һ֮ϣȻصһأǲĻôҶˣһıĻ˶Բһεᣬô¾ʵġ
ֻʶʱ˳Ĭ˵Ҳǲûеǰε鱦֣ҪһĳЩԵܹߡ
Ҫһʸ˲ܹ֮ߣʹ뿪򣬵鱦Ļ飬ûκǺΣֻʶȥ
ǾԲֹѪȷ򵥣òˣѪɺӣ
ô˵ǰҪ¾ǰȡ֣Ȼ󾡿뿪򣬸ģҴղſʼŲĸоֻҲ찵
غһҲã΢΢̧һ޼ʵĺ嫲񷣬ﰵֻĽô
飬ò÷뵽ȥȻҲԼΪλָоʶһö󣬾
ңһ˵²ȫʵôҲпܣһбĺ֣϶
Ĩɱ
֣ҪͨǿеĸõѪս֮УʱһĻôǿߣܹ뿪ģǼ
½ǿȻѾ½˺ܶ࣬ǽش֮ǰѾΪۣĴڣǵΪȻҲǱѹơ
һ˲ûټ䣬ѡֱĳһ죬ܹٴͻĽõΪܵ
Ȼڷи֮ʣʱȴѾ˰಻סеȣֱӵؿڰ֮е顣
һλʵĶû˭һЩȴûܴԭ򣬾һնһĴڣ̽һ龿ûʲôΣա
ǰǿߣضһö飬ǰֵһҪĳЩܹĻôҲԻ
һһĻôǸκ˴뿪򣬳Լ
ʱ˿̣ͬڵˣҲû˿ıʾƵҲڹ۲ţԱ֤ʵԼ²⡣
ֻһλ¿ûҲǴҡڵؿ飬ֵǣһûܵκһöʼնǾڿУλѾǿԱߡ
ǰһöȭͷС飬͵âһλʶػԼƣҪֱӵס飡
һĻķʱڳһӱǼž˶ǾעĶȻһ̣ȴ˭Ҳûϵõ
һλֱӵؽУѹûа鷢ֱ׾ٵ飡
˿һĻҲ΢΢һ£ǰͳֵİ˸ǿߣǼһ£һε鱦Ȼǿֱӵرȡߣ
ԣü۲һ£ϾκӵҲǼ䵱Уܹõ֣һܹţ
˻зƵˣǸһۣסûֱӶ֣¶һȵɫع۲̬ķչ
Ȼֵܹȴ˻ֵֻܹһλλǰУһѾǿʼˡ
ȡֵһλǿߣĲţĿϲԼҲû뵽Ȼ׵ص֣ǿ˵ѹûаر֣Ѿǹˣ
λҲǷӦѸ٣ֱӵס飬ûκγɣֱӵؾתߣ
Ѿˣʱ򻹲ߣѵȵǻعҪԼô
£λٶȱһ־˵ٶȣ˻̶ķΧ±һ䶯
׷飡
ɱȥ
£ȺбǴһ䶯ʮӰȻƿȥ׷һ뿪ڡ


2603 п
Ŀһ뿪˻̶Ƶһۣ֮ϵɫһ㣬ĸ¶Ľصɫ
ʵ֤鱦ĶȡҪκ
ĻȻҲ֤˷ƵĲ²⣬һжһ֣鱦ᣬĿľ˽һɱ¾У
ǰ˶ǻ鴹Ѳѣÿһ˶Ҫᵽ֣Ȼ֮УȻҪؼս
ᱦɲд裬һֿɾҪģ
ʵ¡ͬ²һˡҡҡͷҲǹһĨЦûеˣܹ뿪
ôˣҪ׵뿪ǿɲһ֮£ƣҲδܹ
ԣҲǲż֣˭Ҫ뿪򣬶һ֮¡
ûˣѾ˵Ŀ׼ˡֻҲҺܺ棬⵽˭ڵһ֣Ŀֻʲô
Ϲ޼Ҳǵ˵ͷΪĻǿӿɾʹˡ
ƿЦµѾ뵽ϣôһȻҲ벻˹ϵÿһεı֮һ־Ĩɱǿߣ
ûв´Ļÿһεﶼˣҽǰõ飬ҲΪȻҲǱ׷ɱȴͶΪӻ֮ءֻ̾һҲ޴֮ˣ±ǲ²һЩԡ
ؼǣ˭ôֱʣ
ҡҡͷֻϹ޼ɣصô
죡Ҳ
ôһʣֻʵ±¶˹ŹֵɫϹ޼ȴһģصʲô죿ʦǾڿеһ仰ǣĪҪ춷
ˣҲһ㶣Ϲ޼ɵʦҲ֪ĴڣҲѹ֣ڵӦź˵ĻԻʱڲ࣬Ūûʶġ
ʦ˵ûĬȻһµ
ֻʴʱɫǰδеأ֣㵽֪٣ô֪
ȻֻΪĶҲ˽⵽һЩ֪±ֱӵʵ
ֹ֪ƿЦˣҿǴĵһˣ˵֪ܲô
仰˵ú΢ʵֻ֪֪ʲôҲȷԼ֪ģֻ֪ģҲֻǸģɵĻش
㣬Ҽǵõ绹Ϊ䶯ûܹһȻȴܹɹˣνǲ֪öϼһﾪϲѡֻһ£Ҳ˷֮飬ҲǹһЦ
ҵĲ²ܼǾҪĨɱһЩǿߣȴ޷ֱӳ֣ΪĳЩĴڣȴǿֶָͨΣõЩǿ߽лɱ¾Ƴһ£ҲǸԼĴ𰸣𰸣ʵ²лк˵Ĳ롣
˵һЩϵĿࡣֻغһҲʼôһĻ˼˵ĵ鱦¾ڴ
ЦЦûش𣬷ǽ߷˿ʼ໤׷ķ򣬵ǲǣµѾǿʼˡ
ȷѾʼһܵûܳԶԼ˭֪֮£ֱӵɣ
ɣǵģ⣬Ϊ飬ѾǳΪ˵ĹĿ꣬ǵȲӦѾǱ˵Ĺֱӵػ
ΨһģǾһöɢâ飡
ٶȳ֣˶ɱۣѾ֪Ҫȡ飬ûκƣ֮£ÿһ˶Ҫȡ飡
һĻɱ¾޾س֡
ô죿ֻʴʱҲĬĬؿһۣԶϱսȥܹ²⵽Ǳߵļҡ
ô죬飬ͻƵΨһ;ǲôġغһҲǸֹһĨ⡣
ɱ¾ƿɴδηɱ¾
ⱳǷĺ֣ҾǣҲܲô࣬ĿǰͻԲ׵ش
˭Ҫ飬Ǵ˾Ѫսף
ãͲ뵽棬ҵǿ仹жٸܣܹǲȣֻҲǹһЦ֮˸Ŀɶȵս⣡
ɡϹ޼Ҳغһеɳս¶һŵɫ


2604 ߣԵУ
ˣѾִҪһ֮УȻҲԤţҪԵģһпܣҪԵһȺˣ
ǰֵǿߣпܳΪǵĵˣ
νߣǵˣһ仰ݴʱνǾû
Ѫȵᣬδֹͣ˶˻ҵĶ֮УǵĿֻһǾ飡
ֻҪһĵطˣ䣡
֮£ǿֻȼĴڣҲ˿Ҵ⣬ܹԸһˣˣȴԸ˸ˣ
Ӱӣһ˽һĸֵĻЩΪ鱦ʧȥְˣҲʶرܿĸ
ƾ˵ƣ㹻ǽЩ˴㹻壡˵ҪǶˡ
飬Ǳߣ
£ֻۼ⣬ǿֱߵķ򣬵Ҳȵˡ
ֻʵ£΢΢񣬵±ֱӵرҪַ֯ĻǾǰȡ֣Ȼõ˶ֹͣ
ڳ˵ҲкüʮλȫΪ飬ڴ˵أӿɾʹˣĲ˵ǿߣ͵һ֡
ȻŷƵ˶Ҳ˽׷ᣬһԼǰﻹܵôࡣ
գƻ˰벽һǿߵУȻǿߣԼУҲɭһЦԼļλ¾ֱӵغһֱӵرǱǼˡ
Ƭ֮ĺըɢʱ˿̣һȴֱӵʧԭأһĻʱõòͣԡ
飡˭
ղиõˣȴʧˣ
ңһûܹԶ϶ĳˡ
£ȺҲǴһ䶯ǿ϶֪ӵٴͨȻҲǲܻǰ뿪
ô£ֻʵ˽ȻȴûпղһĻֻɨһܣȺǺ䶯ĴѰƺѰʲô
е㲻Ծӡ΢΢˫ɨһܵĿռ䣬ղһһȡˣȻǱһɢ֮˶ʧˡ
ţôǰʧе찡Ϲ޼Ҳһ㵵صҪ֪ڳļжĴڣҪǰǵڵ֮ѡ
Ǹ˳ʲôģģûʲôֻһ£ҲӰһۣǳŵʵ
ƻһ£Ҳǵһۣʲôӡ󣬲Һ̵ľǣȫۣ˵ЦݶǺܹ졣
죿ֻеյüͷƾĻѰҲһˡ
Ȼһֻ̣ʵǰԶĿռ䣬ȴǶȻظֳһƬһɫӰȻشб
У
·ƾһ£ѾϳӰȻǸղŴȺ֮жȡ鵽ֵļһû뵽һٴγ֣
ͬʱҲǷĴڣ±Ƿ׷ŭţֱһӰȥ
ӰȻ̧ͷ¶һֹЦݣǱԼڶǿߣûȴɫǵȹЦݣ˾øӵĹ졣
ְɣǸһֻʵҲǺȵҪһȥȻһ̣ȴԼֱۣסֻʣ
ѵҪôԼֻҲԺˣһﵽ
ȵȣǼһе㲻Ծӣ
£ƱǽüͷղֻǿһۣûκβǵһһһصĸоǵЦݣֱ˿һۣŲڵĸо
ţֻҲͣٶסŲƲԵ޹˵϶ʲôҲ΢΢̽һ͵˫ʧһھȻûκ
ֻǡûѣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƺҲǲʲô±صصԣûҸܲ
һӣƶסˣǲ׷ʲô顣
Ȼһ̣ΪһĻȴǷˣʼչŹЦݵĺˣڶǿΧͬʱû¶κȴ˼Ǻܿ죬
ֱӵسЩΧסǿߣҶѸ٣ѹûаɣ


2605 ܣ
׽סϣ
ҪͻΧˣ
£ЩΧסӵǿҲǸȵʱʮǿֱ߱ӵΧסһȥҪͻΧĺӣѹǷһеĿռ䣡
ˣһ߿ܣ
Ȼ֮£Ժֱӵһͷˣǰʧٴγֵĺʲôһ߿ܶѣ
ܣôܣǿܵĻղûа취ôǰȡ顣ֻҲһ𣬲ϸ֮£ҲǾܲ
ղŶȡһˣǿܣˣʧһΣٴγֵһˣһ߱ݵĿܶѣԼ٣
£ƱüͷһȺΧǿߵڣҲҡҡͷЩһҪùˡ
ŷôһ仰µʱ򣬳еȻҲǽŷ״һٴγֵĺˣ¶һֹЦ֮󣬱͵سȺ
һ̣һɰǶȻش֮дЩǿߣǻûзӦȻֱӵرɰû
ʮҽеʱǴƬ֮ʮǱӰǴǰ֮ÿһ˵϶Ǵ˺ۣȻǸղ˲ٵơ
Աֻʵɴ˫ۣһĻֱǲ⣬ʱ˵ˣҲһؾ㵣ȡֵˣȻѡԱ
ʲô£ȴûг֣
£̶Ҳһ˵ļž֮У˶ڲ²鵽ΪΣ
Ψһ˽üͷ񲻶ϵɨӶڳǿߣһ۵ӡʵٻһʲôص㡣
ɫۡԣڳһɫۣƾһ㣬޷ƶϳҲǰ
ƣôʱƾֻԴҲѹ벻һ£ȡֵˣȴѡԱֱ޷⡣
˵ˣֲšʼȻѹղԱһߣһܣڰ͵תҪͨһĻңԱԼܣ
ܣǿôϹ޼ԱҲüͷֶΣǷƿˣǸǣҲ϶ǲš
ţ㲻ǿܣҲƵĶղͻȻֵһߣֻȴܲüͷصصȻͳΨһؽͣǸͲˣ
ԭȶȡ鵽ֵһˣӵһЩͨͨЩֶΣԼյһʱ䣬ѿٻȻٴԱһĻûвԾĻʲôԼһ¾֪ˡ
ȡԱ֮ĵһӦ϶˵ʱ˵עҲȻǲǰһѾԱĺϣ˵ĻһԷͿȻϢأֱ뿪򣡡ֻҲǰһŷô˵Ѿ֪µȥ
ûµʱ˻ɱ¾ֻʣһˣҲҲ䣬Ϊͱ˴뿪򣡡ʼϸһܴóռ֮пһɲӡ
ֻϹ޼ɵһۣҲǵ˵ͷɫʼ࣬ϾܹͨôһЩֶΣܹǰ˲תǷƿǵҲǱɱš
һﵽ׶ô׵뿪ɣϹ޼ҲһƵصܣֶεļһ̫ˣ˵ּ£Ҳ˲ܹˡ
϶û뿪һƬ򡣡΢΢ر˫һƬ򣬶Ǳڳǿ߷ţһκ΢زɢǱ˲
˼˵Ǽһﻹ֮Уֻʲصܹݿռ̶ֳ֮ȵˣɲοó֮
пܣҸɣǼһѾٶȳˣҸǱȺСƬ֮󣬷΢΢˫ղŲѯһܵգȴûа㷢֣Ҳǲɵóһ뷨
Ļǿɾͼˣûа취ҵֻüͷɵɨһܵˣʱȴκζ
û˵һǽƻˣһ˲Ĺ͵ת飬Ȼűըһ̵ĻңٶǴ֮ȺСغһҲ˼ţҪôܹǸһҵ


2606 ƾ
ڣڻ̶֮Уֵǿ߿ɲ٣ҪѰҳһˣǵȼʣڼС
ûаͷǰ֮£ʮǿ֮Уҵһ˵ӰǼֱ̫ˡ
ô죿ȥĻǼһ˵ǻ͵͵ߣѹûκΰ취ֻԱҲǿյص
ϧˣǸղܹһ飬ȻܹƾжϷ򡣡ҲӺԣղ˰벽ĻҲΡ
ûа취֯Ǹһ뿪Ļ̫ˣ͵͵뿪Ҳûа취
΢΢һ£ҲǽɨһܣڳڵԼĪǽӽһǿߣЩǿߵÿ˶ǽؿԼߵˣǵıǿκζߡ
ûʲô취ҡҡͷĿĵѰң̫ʱˣҲǲУǶֻʵ˵Ψһ취ǳ׵طһƬռ䣬ûҵǸ֮ǰܹκ뿪
Ƶİ취Ǽ򵥣Ǿƾĸ˵ĸ򣬶ҷŻ̶ܱߵĿռ䣬˭Ҫ뿪̶һƬ򣬶þһˡ
һĻе㼬ְֻҲ̾˿ǰĸֱӵضλڳ˵Ķϡ
ҲΨһİ취ҪǿдأǾһ⣡صڻ̶ˣǲ׵ط鱦䣬ʱѡ뿪̶Ļǿ϶⣬ʱ΢׷һ£Ȼǻ¶š
ֻϹ޼ɵһۣ˵ͷҲֱӵطɢĸͬķȥûжκ˶֣ÿһ˵λãȴǡÿԷסһƬĿռ䡣
ĸպþǻ̶һƬǿߣҪ뿪̶ҪĸҲһ֮¡
ŷƵ˵վλȻҲһЩǿߵע⣬Ǹһʼ֪һģ¿ٶǲ
ֲһĳ̶ֳȣȻǻᱬ
̲סˣվʵǺ⣿
Ϊֻʵ˵վλ̫ˣһ۾˿ĸ˽Ҫ£ǼΪز򵥡
Ī˻Ҫȫô
ǣ
£ŵһվ˵Ȼ˸飬Щ˵ľٶ΢΢üͷǶֻʹһ
ֻᣬ¿ˣҲұᣬˣֻΪԤĳЩթСˣõ֮󣬻ˮ뿪̶
һ仰£ʱ˲˵ۣǵڻѰ䣬Ȼֻƺ֪Ѿ˭
Ī֪䣿
һҲվʵôһʣʱǽ˵עǼ˹˶ȵؿֻʣֻʵһ
һĻ龰ֻҲǿЦѣЩ˶Ƿôһ֣ΪԼô
һȻҲǲ²õֻ˼£ɨӹڳˣ϶Щеĳһ˵УղһԱĺˣʵĴڣһܶѣһв۷
£ֻһ֣˲ڳ˵Ƿ׷ʧУû뵽ĪɵͷǶǱˣһô
д˭
ҳһϡ
ˣбȻɣ
£ҲǴ˶ҪѰҳһˣռΪУƶҲοأ
ֻҡҡͷǧңһˣͻһ˵ļƣĿľҪŻ뿪򣬵ʱͻǱ֪ش뿪ǣɱ¾ףҲ֪Ͳˣ
ֻһ仰ȴֱӵˣõǵ¾ǰûдĿľΪ˶ȡ鱦ǵͷ໤ɱ¾ȴ类˴뿪Ǿ޷ܵʵ
侲ȺֻʵҲһҪľЧΣǧܻһͻöԷŻ뿪
ȻֻŷȴûвȺУһĨؼΪ޵ӰȴǶȻսһȭͷҲǸֹһĨɭȻĽǶȡ
Ȼ㲻ңҾӰѻ𣡡


2607 ׻ҵɱ¾
Ȼʱֻʶûܹ֪һеΪȴһڰǿߡ
ûȷУղŶȡһ˲䣬ֱӵգ֪˶޷˲ټͬһʱ䣬ͷųһԼĿܣԱ˶Ŀ
ʵϣǷƣͲ˲ֵľȻǿܣûзƣʱĻ̶ͱøӵػȻҲųŻҵĻ뿪˻̶
ֻҪһ뿪ô֮˭ܹѰҵѹǲ֪СȻһУȴĸ˸ˣԭҵľܵ˿ƣҪû뿪طҲǲܡ
Ҳǲ׵طɨһܣȻû˲ղʲôҪľǣٴΰ
һοµûһЩˣˣΪ飬ķѵ㱾Ѫʲô
Ϊ֪Ӱ૵صһܣʱû˽עϣֱӵرǽ֮µȻ
ƵУȴһöɫʯɫʯ֮һصķģǷӡĳֶһ㡣
źɫʯǷָףػԼģõЩѪ͸ֱӵմȾ˺ɫʯ
ѪҺմȾʯ֮ϵط֮ɫʯҲһ΢΢ɢŹ΢âһȴûܹõ
һ̣Ȼֱһǽһɫʯֱӵÿռ䷨򣬴ݵԼڷһߣ
һУǿ߲΢΢һЦҲһ£ƺõڳĲˣٴβײĴڡ
Ȼںɫʯֵһ˲䣬Ƶ׶Ȼؽһ£Щռ֮Ĳһ±ɫ΢΢һ䡣
Ϊһźɫâֱӵƿն£һ̣һɫӰֱӵسֶ˵ǰ

һɫӰڳ֮󣬱ǷһЦõ˶кǲ
ղžȡУ
£һ˻ѧӦһ㣬ڳԭ侲Ҳٴα
ûҾͼǵã
ϣ֡
ɱǵˣ
£ȳֱ֣ӵضһٴγֵĺɫӰ񱼶ȥȻӰȴ˿壬Цһ֮󣬱ֱӵתܣ
ƣ׷ô
£ֻҲסˣԷǱ¶ţʱ򲻶֣ǿɻҪȵʲôʱ
üͷڻûиƺ̫ˣһôͻȻͳˣȻһγֵĺӰϣܾﲻԾӡ
ȵȣе㲻ףĸ˲֣ܶŲԾ侲صȻҪеõ飬ȴûбȵͷԡ
³
ŶԷôصõ֮󣬻ô಻סֱӵɾѰ·ѡ
ȻʱȴҲ޷ֻʵ˿ƣһɫӰٶȳ֮ڳ˵˫۶Ǻ
ʱǵɾֻʣˣ飬ǿɹܲţ˵ΪҪġ
ң
ֻԭ˶ֻһӰ֣ǵԼǲʲô飬໥ս
һӣѪȣŻҵսٶչһƣû˿İ취ȥֹֻĬĬؿš
һʲô£ѵǻҪôֻҲüͷԶǻҵս
ôǵĿ껹ǲ䣬ܸ˳û뿪ҲΪ꣬һĻѹǲô£ȴ֪˭õ飬ձȻҪ뿪̶ֻҪŸԵķ򣬾Ϳԡ
ȵȣһɫӰ᲻һǿܣ£Ϲ޼ͻȻؿڵ
Ϲ޼ɵĻʱֻʱǻһôû뵽ܣղֻʶظоһ£ԷǺһ㡣
Ļҡ²⵽˭ˡֻغһҲɫصص磬ܹһģ³һ֮⣬Ȼˡ
һӰȻǾ֪統һʱñſܹ


2608 
ǿͨһɫ۷ĿܣܹѰҵô·ҲǴϲ֪ܹѰҵԷĻô͵Ѱҵ顣
ţһӰأ
ֻҲǾ㵵ɨһֶۣһܵӰѾ޷ѰˣԷȻǳŴңֱӵٶһǼǸûа취ҵԷ
ǳŻҶƽҧݣ΢΢ϵɨӶڳˣڶһƬңѪȵսϵس֡
һսǿԱģȴΪ֮еĸ̰վݱֻҵĴսԼǲԼΪǰ˶ֻ֣Ǵʱ֮жǳɱ¾ʶΪֻҪǻɱǰˣܹȡС
ⲻһϢǼһ̫ƻˡֻҲغһҲǵĸڵķλպܹһƬĿռ䶼УҪû뿪Ҳǰ򵥡
ȷǻ̶ܱߵǿ޾Ļս֮УǷƵûκλңĸ۵ؿһеķ֡
Ƶ˵ͷʶһֱɢΧĿռ䲻ϵѰ쳣ĲҪû뿪طĻôһ˵ĶĿ
ڴͬʱҲǳСνϵСǷܹṩһЩʲô취СһȴҲûаӦǳ˯һ㡣
ڴˣҲΪΣ񲻶ϵɨӶҵս״ֱ̾ϢҡҡͷЩ˻Ҳ֪Լվǳɾ˱ˡ
ţ
Ȼʱ򣬷Ƶ΢΢ͣһ£һһӰӰȻ֣ûв뵽ֻҵսȴһֱڶţжԶԶ
ˣȻܿˣûбԻôЦһ£Ҳҡҡͷûж⣬ٶƿҪڻҵȺѰҳһ˿Ծĵط
ȻڷƵոƿһ˲䣬ǰעӵһɫӰҲǶȻ̧ͷ¶һɭȻ԰׵ӡ
ģ㱻ˡ૵ﴫǣԼһ˿Ѫ۳֣ȻǸղŲһеĻ֣ȻҲ
ɨһܣִʱȻսȷһ㣬һֻҵУ˶ɱۣǻ㹻
Ϊ˵վλǲ䣬ĸڵλú΢˿ǲΪֻҪĸ˲ôҪû뿪뷨ǲܡ
ңҲʮֵƼΪóռ֮ǰŪЩֶΣһСģͻ¶š
ˣʱأΪʱţڵսҲǱԽԽ
ڣѾǿʼǿֱӵˣҪ֪ЩɶĴڣսҵȳ̶ȣʵǳϡ
ȥҲװɡֻüͷ˼սüͷȥĻԷصôûаͷ
û취棬Ҳ֯ˣڵǣѾɱۣ˭վǵǰҲֱӶ֡̾һεص
ģǸһôصôϹ޼ҧҧʵúԷһ֡
ֻܼˣһܷܲһЩԾĵطֻҲӺԣǰⲻϷļҲҿҲǰĪ
ԾģͻȻһ㶣Ժһ⣬뵽һЩʲô±ϵȺ֮ɨӶ
ţѵʲôֻʿ̬ȻҲһ㶣Ҳ²⡣
ղҿһˣе죬ûв뵽ҵս棬ǲϵضŸȥͺǲ롣΢΢üͷҪҵԷȴҲˡ
ԣϹ޼ɺֻʽһۣ׷¶˾㵵ɫˡе㲻Ծ
Ͼ¶ǽ˻̶֮ڣ˭Ϊ˱ȻȴΪɡ
˼˵㿴Ǹˣףֻʳһ£Ҳʵ
ûܣ֮ҵĸһ˵غһԷ׵ĻҲδزܣΪֻҪʱѰһ뿪Ȼǲ뵽ʲôս֮С


2609 ҽ
ǸһﳤʲôӣֻʵҲ࣬Ͼշô˵ĻԷΪֹȷе㲻Ծųܡ
ûӡǼһͷġ·Ҳҡҡͷ˵ʲôϾֻһ֮ԵҶԷǿԼߣҪԷòǼǲܵ¡
ȻʱʱĲƣǼޱȵսȻҲǻƽΪʱܹս״̬ģȻǲʮˣ
ʮ棬ÿһ˶ˣȻʱ㼤ҵɱ¾ҲõʱͣͣشϢţһֽԼߵˡ
ʱʱ˶ǷȻǲġ
һĻҡҡͷ̾ϢһǺοأ˼ҵɱҲǵòʲôͽͱ˱ˡ
Ȼʱ򣬷׶Ȼؽһ£֮ڣҲǳһϤĺɫӰȻղһӰƵ±ȵֻϹ޼ɵˡ
ŷƵ£ȻҲע⵽ˣʣĶʮ֮УȻһصĺӰʱȻҲǹװһովսģǷƵȴǿظܵˣϢȴƽȣ˿ûǵ
˵˷ƵĲ²ȷģһȷйŹ֣
ǵز뵽ս棬ֺαº˶ĿΪأ
£ƵȼһۣҲǰԵ˵ͷӼҵս񣬴ûжǣʱǶˡ
ΪѾ֪˭ʱĻˡ
Ϊ֪Ŀ˭ôĸ˵ע֮£ԷȻҲʲôĸ˵ǰʧ⼸ǲܵ¡
ʱŷ˵߶ȻҲõǶʮǿ߸ɫ΢ı仯Ȼȶĸûвսе棬ȴƫƫʱ֣вʲô
һ۵ߣ֮âʶظֳһĨȴû¶κΪԼ϶û¶š
ֱӵһ𣬲ûʲô񻺻ɨӶڳĶʮˡ
ĶȻҲǻֶΣ֮ô
£һǿ߿ڵضֻʣ˽䱸ɫȻԷʱѡ˶֣ͼʲôԡ
ֻһ£ҲǿЦãû뵽ԼʲôûͻҪô˵һ
ҪǶ֣ǻܻô
ֻҲûصһۣҲֵȺе̰Ѿɱǵ˫ۣǿսΪʲôͷֵõʲô
ֻôһ˵ڳĶʮҲһ㶣ǸһֻۣʾȻǳǸ״̬õʱ֣˵ֻʲô˼
ֻҡҡͷ˵ƾԼʵõҪҪᣬûϵǴҲûôôս֪˭ô
£ʮҲǸµǵһ£ǵģֻ˵ûƺսڣƾеһѹ˭ﶼǲ
Ǹղŵ̫ңݲ˼ǲ֣˶Ƕ֣ﻹ˼Ļᡣ
˼ǣ
Ҳʵֻ֪ʲԵ޹ʵض˵ֻֻû¸ɣȻˡ
⻹ôֻʰһصϲǣٴαˣˣղųֵһˣǿܣĿľΪ˻ң໤ɱȻԳû뿪
ʲô
ܣȻ
£ʮ˽һŭôսͷȴǱ֮Ǳһܱˣˣеܹȥ
˭˭
ԣȻǶˣˡ
һӣ˵ȻҲǱñȽϼǸӣƺҪ֮ѰҳȴǷƣҲ
˭ȻѾҵˡֻʻصǵɫȴ˿زżȴǻƶţʵһжǷƲ̫ע⣬Ҳֻʳһηͷ
£ֻһ仰£һȺеĺ˱һ㶣еĲѾ𽥵رÿ־壬ܻɣֻʼ֪Լ˭ʱǻһ˿ҡ


2610 
˭ҳȻˣôˣ
Ҳ˷߷߲ƽصȻΪһε飬ӽǿ߿ʼ˻ҵսȻĽȴֻʣʮ˲ӡ
һУΪǸĻڸǽĻ̶Ϊ˽ĿƻģҲһسĬ
ڻô룬ȥˣΪһ飬ʲôˡֻʷ˷ۣһȺȻ
һ˵ÿ϶¶ɫ֮ܿб̧ͷʵ˭
ʱֻɫ΢΢࣬ɨһȺһ֮˵ϣصµҪװˡ
仰£˶ǽ˳ֻʵȥǰһֱŵһ˺Ȼһû뵽Ǳϳˡ
Ҳûлңһãɫ˵ߡ
˵ʲô
ƴʱҲǻ˳һˣһĨЦװˣӻսʼûв뵽ս֮С
ˣһڿԶսĲȥǲ뵽ֻҵս֮Уʵϣȴʱ̵Ѱһ뿪̶ܿϧһֱ˿ֱӵطܵĿռ䣬ûаᡣ
Ӱ嶸ȻһԼĲ߻飬û뵽ɻǰ¶ˡ
ŶԷɱֳĬҲҡҡͷղһܣȻǰĿܲһ㣬ЩҲֻá
Ƶһͣõ˽˫Ŀӣ׷ǿеɻ
˵Ҹ˵ʲô
ǵ̶ֳȣԷǲϳϣЦһĳˣ˵뿪̶ƾڳĶʮǿߣԽ˺顣
һеɱ¾
룬ֵĿܣ˺ۣԼľѪ䵽֮ϣһû˵ɣ԰ƸҿֻȻҲ¶һгɫ
ΪǳһǿߵУȻֻʸΪ
һӱǳĬˣսȭͷȷƺȻѪۣȻղҲ޷߶һ߿ܡ
û뵽һϸڣȻǱԷ֡
Ƭ̹ȥ֮ǱֳĬһҲûб⣬Ϊ֪˵ٶѾãڶԷѾ϶Լݡ
Ȼ̫ɺˣɱ
ǣɱ飡
£ҲŲٷŭǶǷŭغţʱ˿Ȼûɷֻ˵ĻΪ˶ѾֳĬ൱Ĭˡ
¶ŭǿߣһˣûκλţ̧ͷ¶һŲ԰׵ӣȥҲǲ˫֮͸¶һƽɫ
Ȼ㡣
Է¶òֻȻ̾ϢһȻѾϳ˶Էݡ
ʶƿֻģȻҲе㵡
ʶø׺񡣡ֻҡҡͷҲǿŶԷ㸸סӦþһǰӳĹģҿ˵
Լ׵֣±һ㶣Ҳ޷ƽɫؿһۣʶҸף
Ķ˵أֻҡҡͷ֮ҲеЦȻ㸸ӳ壬ҵĸ׹ϵҼˣúһ塣
¶˻Ȼɫֻ֪ǸԼòƶϳԼݣΪĸ׳ʵ̫
ʲôֻ֣ʴʱҲǻʵҲ΢еƽͣʵһ㣬ڸղűϳԷõֶΣѾֲ²⣬Ҳǲû̫ȡ
סƽػشɨһܣҲ¶һּЦɫǴôԸң
Ѿ֪Լûа취뿪⻯̶ϾѾǰ¶ˣȻҲûа취ٶء
飬һȫʬ
û齻
£ȺбǴһķŭû뵽ԼȻǱһϷˣҲŭߣ޲׻ɱ
ƾǣ״̬Цѣ¶һЦݣ𽥵رÿЦѣ˼ƾ״̬ҪԸҲǲԣҪĴۣ
Թ˿η壬ɵһֱֳĬķƵˣȻԷһĶǳ֣ƾֶͨΣҲܲ


2611 
ֻʳĬһ£ĸŹ׵ĸཻȻ壬ǸʱȻֻʵĸ׻ûǳΪ
飬뿪
գڷƵ֮£ֻҲǻؿڵ
׳Ĭһ£һܣҲҡҡͷֻʵҺҪұҪȡ֡
ڹ׵ǿӲ̬ȣֻҡͷƬ֮󣬷Ҳǿڵûа취ĸ뿪
ȷǿߣǿƾ״̬Ƶ֮£࣬ҵֱӵ뿪̶ԷƵˣȻûаá
ûгԹ˭֪غһ̧ͷǱһƽɫ
ڣڡ
ǹ׵ĻشȻԸŷƵվڶ棬Ҳǲ顣
Թ׵ѡ񣬷ƺֻһۣȻҲеϧʱܵЩǿߣȴǲˡ
ֻʵ̬ȣǾǵǳ飬õе޷ܣϾǰôսͷȴǱˡ
δе㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
ʱҲվ˵
ǣƴΪĲ飬ͷȴǳǵġ
Ƕһøǰɡ
ʱ֮£Ҳǲϵش˼ǺͳһǾǲϣֻʲ֡
ЩˣֻЦѣҺιأҼǵ˵䵽˭͵ÿ˵ֶΡ
ȫˣΣ
ֻǿӲ̬ȣȻõ˸оܱǵҲ˵ʲôֻ㱣ֳĬ
οƾ״̬Ǹ飬Ҳ뿪̶ֻʵصЩֻ˵ǻãΪ˵õ飬ʲôܣֱƴһͷȴͽ˼¡
ڵսѾǿԲֵˡϹ޼ȻҲԱ߳һеɳߣ֮Ҳ̺һ˿вζ
ǿӲ̬ȣЩ˼вʣҲǲ˵ʲôǿϹ޼еɳߣղǿǺؼʶɳߵ޷Ĵڡ
ʵЦǲŶԣҲǱˡ״ʱҲǵһЦڳİˣȴû뵽ȴǱֻʵ֮
ô˵һǾ仰㸸׵ϣ飬Ϳ뿪ֻغһ
ŭ׵ĻشΪֱӣҲǻԼ˫֣һĿĵѪۡ
Ǿûʲô˵ģһ¼°ɡϹ޼ҲǴֵصȻԷ㲻ʶȤҲûбҪκηϻ
ֻʵ˵ͷҲ˷ƵϣһսǾͱˣ
Ϲ޼ɶʱһˣԭΪܹսһܹһеɳȴû뵽Ǳֻһˡ
ƳĬһ£ҲǵǾͰˡ
Ȼֻ֪ҪŶԷƽһս˵ʵƾ˳֣׾ֶͨΣҲֲƬ̡
ӰӴʱҲǵ˵ͷûзֻΣյĴҲôֱ࣬ӵس֣ڵ塣
㸸׵ķϣҹƽһսֻغһеĺ쳾ҲǻسһƽؿŹס
ӮˣͿԴ뿪ˣ顭
ô򵥵һ仰ֻʵĿл³ȻּĴڽ֣һؽս״̬ûʲô˵ҪôҪô
׿ֻʣ˫֮ҲһĨ͵ɫԭΪԷĸһֶԸԼȴûϵֻʻѡ񵥶Լ
Ȼ˵ĻҲǲ顣Ц˫һת֮бǶֵĺɫ
㣬һóȫˣȻǻύ顣¶һֹЦݣͬһʱ䣬ڵҲ˲俪ʼر
ֻ˫ޱȣעŹףûֱӵȳ֣ԷֶοǱȽѲһ㵱׾չ¶
һֿܵõúܶĴڶͷ۲ѣӣȻǾ洫
˫ǿܣ
£ǴһȻ֮£еɫֱӵųЩɫâڴͬʱҲ¶һֲ԰׵ɫۿԿǣƵѪۣڲϵѪ


2612 ս
Ź״ʱģֻʵɫҲ΢΢࣬ʱ̶ǿ߶ǺԾóһƬΪķΧȻǸսĿռ䡣
Ǵĸף׵һֿܿõòǿ߶Ϊ֮ɵֻʺǰĹף˿ڵĸס
Ƭ֮󣬹еöƺ㹻ѪҺ֮ųâҲ𽥵ر
һֱ̣ӵؽеöɫֱӵȥڵķ򣬺Ȼֻʣ
һĻֻ׼ֱӵһ˸ǶöɫȻöɫûлֻ֮Ҳֱӵڰ֮һ챬
öɫɢâĹţ֮ɫ𽥵رԼؿʼֳŤ龰
һĻֻʽǽüͷڹ׵ֶΣҲ֪ڶԷܹݿ棬βݣǲö֪ˡ
ܿ죬Ƭ֮ɺɫ۶â𽥵ػһģĺӰٹһСᣬûκβӰǳ˵ǰ
һĻ˶ǵһֶμֱǷ˼Ƕûмʶ΢΢һüͷҲԼز²⵽ӰνĿˡ
ܵĿֶΣҲеŵϹ޼Աص
ûв´Ļ»һĿܣֻʿе鷳ˡƳʶΪԷܹݿܣôóĿܣԷһĿܡ
ңҪǣԷƵܣ֮бǸֻʴܴѹ
˫ǿܣܵΪܹӳλʵǵĲǳʯһǿ߻޷ǵ
ֻʣҲغһٻ֮ϢȻҲ࣬ɫøӲ԰ףЦݣȥҲΪֲ
ֻʳĬеĺ쳾ڲϵţҫ۵ĹâڲϵۣҲǺǹ׵νսʽ
ΪƿܵˣûжΪ˵޷뵽ս棬ΨһֶΣǿܣ
ǰܣȻֻ޷ӵģƾ˵ģܹƴλ廹ǳʯ㹻ֻͷˡ
Ǿҿ˫ǿܣŶͣ
£ֻҲ˿زӣХһеĺ쳾Ľһ㣬˲䱩ȥıҲǽŽıǼ䣬̶֮ڶǳĽ
һΣֻʲòԼʵһ־ǺУΪ׿ǲǼɵݣΪ˴뿪˵أǾԲģôҲȻûбҪ
мҳ֣һֻŵֻʵӰʩչ޷׽ӰһϹ޼Ҳ΢΢¶صɫֻȫԸôܹӮֻʵļʽǺС
ֻʵľٶҲûеģɫȻ԰ףȴǴûֹͣϵ˸ӡı仯һһǲӰһ㡣
Ƭ֮˫ǿܵжȻر˴۵ĺâһɱϢ߿֮ܵϯõò˶оһ
ˣ
һ˫ǿܶȻضˣǵĶ˵Ǻܻÿһȴǿÿռ𵴣ʵĥ

һĽײһҫ۵Ļ𻨣ֻѾ˲ЯޱȵĽݺݵеһ߿ܣ
һµײֻ֮ʵüͷǽ壬ǳˣеĺ쳾ѣֱҲͬ΢΢һ£һĸоĻڴֱۡ
һ̫Ӳˣ쳾Ȼ
ֻав߿ܹȻǳʯɣǼ̵ĳ̶ȣԼеĺ쳾Ҳ޷κ˺
Ĺ޷ƻ˫ǿܣûκΰ취
¹Ѿգ˫ֱһӡ˫ţеһ˫ǿȴǻؿڵǵ˻ƵĽĦֱü
ֻʿһĻҲǲɵ¶һɻɫһ۹׵ģ˫ǿܣбǻȻףǹ׵ֶ֮һܹͨĹǿܣܾ
ٺ٣ǿδءֻô˾䣬ҲǺٺһЦеȷࡣ


2613 ɧ
Ǿ;һ԰ɡ
ҲǲֱӵԼ˿֮ϣ򵥵˵Բݿܽκ£ǿܵҲû˿Ӱ죬ǿܵƻ
ֻǵȳ̶ȣŻܵӰ죬˫ǿܵǳʯɣƾԽ֮ݻ٣
ԣ˫ǿܲǹ׵ƣȻҲΪðڳˣΪƾ˫ǿܣη壡
ܹӳλΪʵĿܣȻҲõڳܶ˶޴֡
ʱȴһСԭһԹ׵գ˫ţΪԷڼоſܡ
һ̣ӰȻرȥĿȻǹףĶܿ죬ҼûκףƵ˲ʱѾΪʱˡ
ס֣˭㶯ֵģ
ֻҲǶȻŭһӳŭŹ֮ս˲ˣʲô
ǣԷĶʵ̫ˣ쵽ƶ޷֯ĵزǼȻŲˬҲ޷ֹֻؿš
ǴŰɣ֮
ǿҲа͵֣ԭΪԼûٻ飬ǿŹ¶̬ҲһƣǾǳûֽš
ʵϣĻô鷢ô
Ӵ˹׵֮ʣһĻȴǶȻطˣһֱ̹ӵ˫ضǳԼ
ģ
ֻǵؿһԷΪ˵ɾѰ·ǲݿܵʱôױԸôҲ޷
׵΢¶һ̵ַЦݣһӡȻһ˵Ӱȴֱӵʧԭأ
䣡
ռһ𵴣һϮȴˣеˣͲôһ£ȻԷܹȻ뿪еԽܡ
ȻѰ·Ҳ顣ԭȹڵĿռȴֱӵشһ󵭵һһɫģӰǳǰ
˫ǿ֮һ
ܵĳ֣ҲǱųһ亹ܹλĿܣһλѣ޷赲
æӦҪ˺󣬵׷뿪
Ҷˣͱ밲ȫ뿪
һ˫ǿܵĿдһ̣ԭӲޱȵĿܣȴһӱѸֱǿ磬쵽һǿһӰԼǰһ

һֱ̣ӵطһҽûܼǱ˫ǿܸ׷ˣһֱֻӵشı͸ţ
νʮֵѪȣһλȻ㣬ûаķͱţ
ڷĲҽ֮֮ڵҲ𽥵ؼ֮£ûκλȥĻᡣ
ţ
ʱ򣬷ȴǶȻ׽ضǶǿֵ߳˫ǿܣнǾ㵵ɫΪˣǿڵȻţǺܴһ֣ʵǱ˫ǿܸˣ
ûգʱǿȻûˣҲ¶һʹɫȻʲôĥһ㣬÷һܿȥǼΪز򵥣
Ȼǿֱǹ̥ĻֻҪӮöԷļҪ࣬ҲΪһ㣬ֻʱҪøСˡ
Ȼһϸڣڳ֮г˷֮⣬Ҳû˸ܵõϾ˫ǿܵĶǺϸ΢ûʲôǷʶˣ֮в׽һĻĻҲǸ֪
˶ǾؿһǳĬڲ֪֮Բߣ»̣ƾ˫ǿܣǿõúܶ޷ˡ
ɵ˦еʬ壬˫ǿͬûһ㣬ֱӵתű񻺻ɨӶǿߣһֹЦݵΪԳûֵĻܿԣλ³
вȻҲǾ棬׵һסЩĻˣżͬ뷨¿һùļһﱻ˴ŶʱеСžȻҲǳ׵ر
ȻҪҲҪǽʹõǰ£ûˣ˵ʲôˣɵӲ¡
û˴ˣǼսɡ£Ҳͨ˫ǿܹЦ


2614 ս
һλ̶ǳ׵ذҲûκͷһǱóĬ
ֻɨһܣҲغһûκͣ˲ʧԭأһʧƶԲ
ţüһֱڹע˵ĶǷһ£ԼҲԲ׽ֻʧġ
ܹƿط֮ĽͬǷһأ޼ѰʱһֱųĬӰҲǻؿڵ
ǿĲֻʡ
˵Ϲ޼ɵɫøӵأͬʱ֮в֪ҲǱŷһս⣬֪ǰεĽֻ֣ûгȫʱлῴֻʹȫҲȫעעš
ͬΪ˵ֻڷ֮ôʹɽصĽպֻˡ
ֻʵʧȻҲ࣬ٶڰ֮УԱߣ˫ǿȴػһ㡣
߿ܣѪɫ˫ϵɨӶܣҪѰҵֻʵټƺǲûжЧֻʾǳ׵ʧһ㡣
ʱڳ˵ۣ΢΢شţƶȻ̧ͷ¶˾㵵ɫǷ磡
̶˷磡
һ̣׵ɫȻһȻҲ֪˲Ѱ֮Ҳֱӵ˫һֵӡ˫ǿֱܱӵطһֺøΪ

΢紵֮ʣȴһҫ۵Ľâ
ûа֮ǰףâڷ֮Уٶȷǳ֮죬Ʈޱȣ޷²ǴһǶ£
ʱֻʵӰȻҲǰŽâĳֶ¶ƿһҲǲɵóһ£Ȼǽ˷֮ƮݣĽùĪ⡣
׿ֻʳˣȻҲ޾壬һ̣˫ǿ붯ɽһֱӵֻһ
ֱӵ£ûκεļɣҲûʲôԣڿܶԣǿ󣬾Ǽ̵޷
ңڵ㹻Ǳµս֮£һ߿µĿܣսһǲ֪ʹоƣս
쳾Ȼش̿ռȴӲر˫ǿһֱӵƣͽֽסһ
۵ĻէȻֻʵӰȻؽӲһ£ɫأź쳾ڲϵţԼȻ޷ټȥ
ȻȾǲ²õ˫ǿܽӲޱȣȴû뵽ȳ̶ȣ
쳾Ҳǲټֻʵӳ֣ȴ޷ȥܵĿ³̶ȣ֪ˡ
ûõģ𼶱Ĵǰܹ׵شݻ˫ǿܣƾĻʱҲЦѣ˵仰ͬʱҲǿ˼£±סԼ͡
ۼķƣԼؿǹ׵ƵУ͸ЩɫȻѪһĻҲ΢΢˫һҪһµĿܣҪĴҲǲ١
Զ׼ģһ˫ǿܣ˵֮ҪԸĻ̫ˣֻʣҲû
СģŹ죬ȡ˵
Ȼ֮£ƵһֻʵĶУֻ˫Ҫһһȭ÷⴫Ӳͣٶ
ֻһ˲Ӳؽ쳾˫ǿ֮ܵг˼¶һصɫ
˫ǿܣǲ֪֣
Ȼ룬ڹ׵Ĳ֮£˫ǿǰһϢֱӵر߿Ҳֱӵس֣
˫ǿܵĽֻҲǲòݱܷâΪƸǸ˫ǿܹûаնԸ߿֮ǰǲܹóȻŶԷн֡
һ£龰ǱȤֻѹ޷ټֻһζؽŶܡ
ôֵûô׿һĻҲǹһЦɭȻصҪƾΪΪܹѿܵ꣬Ǽǲܵģµʱܵû꣬Լǻˣ
ҪбݣȴΪĿ֮⣬Ҫ㹻Ķ֧ſеһУҲǶһ˵ΪҪ顣
Ѱİ취Ӳذܵϣʱܵڶȫû֮ôܼ㻹ڲݣҲӲ
һ˫ǿ˵ȫ⡣


2615 
ֻüͷһֱδɿڹ׵ĻûзϣûдԼľڵĶ
һ㣬δ֪Ҳȥԡ
ǵûκΰ취ȥԸ˫ǿܣӲԼеĺ쳾Ҳ޷ƵȼӲһմȾԼᱻԷû
㣬ֻû˿İ취Ҳֻڽвϵضš
ڲԶķƵ˿һĻͬҲüͷΪǰʮֵزֹۣȻʱ˵ֻʻǲʲôΣա
һõ˵ֻʽֳضܣ˵Ҳʮֵغķһڻǲԣһһʱ֮⣬ͻ𽥵
ȥǲУûбܻУǱغˡϹ޼ȻҲΪġ
ʵڲУҲ֡ӰԱҲ̾ϢһʵûκεĽ취Ψһܹľǣֻ֧Ų˵ʱȻ֣ܱ˻˵ʲô
ܱȻڣĻҲϳƲûգ˼
ܿȥȷǺǿ󣬶ҹΪ˲˫ǿܣȻҲǸ˲ٴۣǿĶҲȻ㡣
ԽǿԽ
һѰҵ˿ܵ㣬Ǿһǰǣ˫ǿڳ˶ǲ˵֪ܵˡ
һֱڹ۲˫ǿܵĶϣǽܹѰҵĴڣǲôãΪֲˡ
ֻʴʱνʮֵرԼĻûκЧһζؽŷ˵ʱ仹ԣʱ䣬Լڶ֧Ųˡ
Ϊ˫ǿܵٶҲǲֻҲҪþȫܹ߾룬˵һ׷ţֻʮֵر
ԴҲûа취ƽ˫ǿܵġ׵һЦһ²񷣬صˣ˷ʱ䣬ʱ˵飬Ҿֹͣݿܡ
ֻʽüͷ˵ĻȻһҲŭصƨǰһĻ뿪̶
ֻŭˣǷϣõֻҪܹõ飬Ȼϣһ֮УҲ˷Ƶİæܹȡ֡
һ飬ʧˣǾ͵ڶһηƽĻᣬ뿴ģζǲ
˵ܹ˫ǿܽ׵ػôҲ޻˵
ȻִԲĻҲǲˣɭɭһЦҲȡҲ֪һ˫ǿ֮ܵ
£˫ֱٶʩչӡ䶯һ֮󣬲ǶȻ̶סһƣ
£Ź׵֮˫ǿܵϢʱ΢΢ͣһ£Ƭ֮󣬱ǶȻرΪǿıϢ˫ĺâ˴Ŀģ
Ȼͬһʱ䣬ȴǶȻ̧ͷ˫ض߿ܣڸղŵһ˲䣬ز׽ˣ߿ܵ˫˼Ϊǿҵ
߿ܵĶԴ˫
ֻҪ׵ӡһɣ˫ǲֽҲǲΪ仰˵ҲֻҪֻܹ˫ֵ֮Ļ벻Ч
ֻʣעǵ˫ǶԴȪ
£ƲκӣΪ˫ǿѾǶˣֱӵشõֻ˫һ¶Ը˫ǿܣµľǺĿܣ
ڷѾǸ˫ǿܵ㣬ôʲôɵĵģڷƵĻѾһţͺʶӦһ㡣
ڷƵµһ˲䣬ֻҲǳˣеĺ쳾һ±֣
ߣѰ·ֻʾȻ֣ҲһΪηѣ
һΣֻʵƶȻرˣƮ˿ȡ֮һֿ񱩣ԣǿ񱩣˵ĸоʱֻʣһ磬ʮֵؿ£
磬ƮݣͬʱҲǳżΪµƻ
£ֻ˶Ѹٵƶţ˿ǳһӰڰ֮гֶʱ˫ǿܵĶҲǽ
ò˵˫ǿʮֵؿ£½ػӳһȭҲĪЧղϵţһΣֻûڶţŭһһĿȻ˫ǿܵ˫


2616 ƽ
ʱֻʣ쳣ؿ񱩣˵ĸоһХ磬֮ռϵ
һһЯƣ㹻ڳǿ߶סǴĸоһв
һǶͷŶĻڳܹܶˣԳһơ
ֻʴʱƱʱ˫ҲһȵľֻʳֵĻᣬֻѾ˿ܵ㡣
ԹҲû˿˱ܣֱӵ˫ֲſܣֱӵһӡ˫ǿܵĶͬһģһ߰Ӱһһң׵طסֻʵ·
ײȥҪһεĶ֮У׵طֳʤȻܹ뿪ٿ赲
Ǻܿ죬˲Ծĵط
ʱֻʣȻƺǿ£޼᲻֮ģĹȴһֱû£ӰһֱڶӰ˸޷²⵽Ҫʱ
ڴͬʱֻڲѸƶĹ̵УƣҲԽԽ£ѿ⣡
غһֻ֪ȥԲһ£Ե
ӡʱٶһߣ˫ǿ֮еĺɫâϵ˸ţһǵҲֱӵʧԭصУ
һĻҲǲɵһ׿ɲǿܿ£ִƵĿռ䷨ȻҲǵһĪľ磡
ֱӵرſռ䷨򣬴Ӷ˿ռŤõԼƵ߿ͬһʱؽ˿ռ䷨Ȼһ߿֮ܳʣȻǷʱ
ֱӵʧֻҲû˿Ļţ˵״̬ԽǳԽãһιǸӵؿ£
ʱڻ̶ڹ׵Ŀռ䷨򣬲ϵŤſռ䣬Ȼֻ֣ȻҲǿʼоеˡ
Ϊʱܵ˿ռ䷨ѹƣƶٶȿʼ𽥵ؼǳȥĻҪΪѸٵٶĲӰԻԷûˡ
һ̣ȻؿռһߺɫӰֱӵƿնֱӵֻʣ
һΣҲƾſռ䷨׽ֻǼΪµٶȣֱӵ˿ܣһ
Ź͵˫ǿܣֻʳХһеĺ쳾һ²ѡ˱ܣΪ֪Ѿˡ
ֻʵĳ֣°ƶɣһѺ쳾ǽֻ̺Ľ⣬ر
ţ
Ȼ֮£͵̧ͷһֱƽɫʱһĨţΪˣֻʵĹƣȻǿܵ˫
ô֪˫ǿܵ㣡
𺳲ѣֻʵĹƻûȫ֮ʣӲػع˫ٶȱӡҪĿܣ˳˵ģ
һĻ龰˵Ȼǿ͸Ƿȴǰһ֤ƶȷģ˫ǿܵ㣬˫
ˣ׵ķӦҲ㹻Ѹ٣Ƕֻ˵һεĽ׼ôãôգ
ֻʵӰƯڹѾǷӦ˹Ҫ߿ܣȻǲܵģŻᣬһ˫ǿ
£ֻ˳ХϣٶȾȻӲٶһأеĺ쳾Ľâһر
֮£ȻӲذ˿ռ䷨һĽâᴩ磬ʱ֮£һܵٶ΢һ㣬ֱӵرУ
⣡¹ɫҲǱüΪѿΪֻ֪һȻѰĹ֪˫ǿ֮ܵһǳ׵شݻ˫ǿܣ
Ϊܵƿߣһܱݻ٣ôҲܵķɣһ˵Īص£
ȴʱѾΪʱˣƾԴ޷²õֻʵô֪ܵ㡣
Ҫ֪֮УܹݿܵˣҲڲЩ˵ĿܴһɣϰǰѶڿܵ룬ƫ棬˫ǿܵĶ˫ϤܵˣҲ޷֪
ǰֻȴƫƫܹ²⵽ˡ
䣡
һ죬ʱ֮бǱѤâһɼΪµͬʱ׵ɫҲǶʱóֱӵؾһѪ˵Ϣһӱ΢
Ȼһ˫ǿǱֻʳɹشݻˣ
þ֮𽥵ƽеҲٶ¶


2617 Ļ
飡
Ӱ֮УüغɫĶȥͺ֫Ȼ˫ǿܵġ
ղֻʵһѾǳɹˣ
ֻʵӰʱѾǻسڰ֮Уʩչôһ֮󣬲ûбֳʲôףҲ÷Ƶ˳׵һ
һ̶̣ǿ߶ǳĬǺظֻܵʵǿ󣬻ǣ˫ǿܣҲû˿İ취ֻȴһ֮£Ǵݻһߣ
ʱһ˫ǿȴѾٶȻص˹׵ߣΪֻʵĹޣûȫǲ߿ܡ
ڵĹף״̬ȥʮֵزãȻǿܱݻһߣ˵ΪУܵĲҲԳܵġ
Ϊ֮ϣľѪڿķһֶΣܱ٣ôΪ˵ȻҲ޷⡣
ܵȷǿ󣬵վǿܣ㣬һεٺãҲ޷⡣
ֻʵصʱ˫ǿܵѾǱ֪ôһսʤȻҲ˵ϾΪ˵õֶΣǿܣ
ԼΪı춼Ǳ˿֮ʣôҲǵûκֶˡ
ֻʵĻǱɳ˵ĹףʱҲǼѵ̧ͷɬһЦһСˣȻܹҳ˫ǿܵ㡣
ڹ׵ĻֻʽһЦ֮ҳģֻǷƸݳе龰ƶϳѵģʵ֤Ĺ۲
˫ǿܵ㣬Ϊֶ֮һǸоƽΪһԹ߱Ѱ˼ز
һϸ΢Ĺ۲ν˲ò
ҪսôֻʳڵҪսȥĻҲûκαҪΪֶ֪ΣȻԷǳС
Ѿûһսʸˡ׿Цһ߻صԼߵ˫ǿܣӾǿɬЦݣģҲûа취
ΪƿؿܵˣһԼܵ㱻Է֪ôҲ׵ʧȥսֶΣǻսĻڵ
ɣڣ鷳֮ڡֻʿ˵Ҳǳ׵һ
ϾǹִսȥĻô³ֻһǾǹ׻ֻʺ׵ĸԼĸ׹ϵ㣬Ȼ׺׵ĸ׻뿪壬ݽ黹ڣǹУǿɾǰٿĪˡ
£Ҫܼ򵥣ǾҪ׽飬Ϊ֤ľǣ֮ڣֻʿԱ֤׵İȫһ뿪һֻʾ޷ˡ
ܲô
׳Ĭһ£Ҳ̾һ֪ԼٻˣҲֻشӻͳһʶĿӣ
飡
һ䣬Ըĵذ齻ûнκνķ
ĳ̶֣ǿߵһӱǵ˫һӾˣ飡
ȴһ˸Ҷ˼ǿõҲֻؿŶѣǣ
˳ذ齻еһʯͷҲϣ
Ҫɱ㣬ҲûбҪϻֻ΢΢һЦҲֱӵ˹ȥ˹Ūһ֮Ŀ֮£Ȼֱӵذ鶪˷ơ
һĻʱõЩ˶һ鰡ֻʵģƺҪֱӵ͸ơ
˶ۺ첻ѣȴǰֻʵǿƣ˸˵Ҳֳͣƺ˿ֻ֮¡
㡭㲻Ҫ飿
Ҳɵˣû뵽ֻʻ󷽣飬ҪõĶȴǾֱӵرˣ
ŶⱾǰȡģѾ˻˵ȻҪ˵ΪҪֻʼصңҲ𲻷˫ǿܵ㣬ҵġ
һӣ׿ǳû˵ˡ
˳ؽ飬ŪһһŹʶĿӣͷҲӿһĨ˷ܣ飬ѾǸоڵڲϵطţ֮ԼƺһĪϵ
ոǱ֮ʱյ飬ܹһĻ½±룬ͻѣ
鵽֣һҲˣ΢΢һЦҲֱӵذҪͻƣɲ֮ڡ


2618 أ
ڵõ֮󣬷Ȼ˵ҲǺ˲٣һоջ󣬲˺֮һǵõ飡
ֻҪպҸᣬˣͻƵָտɴ顣
Ƶõ飬ȻǻϲмӣȴˣǴ˴ǰһУνȫذһˡ
֮ûǵķݣʱһ鱦˷ƵУ˵ƲǴ˴֮еӮҡ
ˣ鵽ˣҲ׼뿪ˡƻ̧ͷ˶ޱĽ˻ҲǶֻʵ
֮Ȳ뿪һΪҪ飬Ϊһ뿪ôԼСľͻ˲䴫½֪
ʱƿһγΪˣĺпܾ޾׷ɱ
뵽һ㣬ҲΪΣҲûбģµİ취Ǿ뿪Ȼص̤¥֮ڣȫǶɹһʱ䣬ȷƽһ㣬
ĻٵĿɻǿߵ׷ɱϾϢһǴȥںܶ˵ǿջ
ڷƸûκαǰ֮£Ǻпܲ½һ㣬ƱҪٽ
ң뿪һأͲһѰĵطܹôһ֣õǿΪɱⱳ˭ԲǷʱܹĴڡ
ƺǻɣҲΪһ㣬ǸҪе뿪Ҫ֪ڰ½ɱһƷһ³ֻһǾǱĨɱ
ֿ֮£ôܹȻܺ档
ţˣҼǵҽ˵ڵ鱦ֹһʱ䣬ͻٶȹرգһοֻὫһǧꡣֻҲǵ˵ͷ
ǻʲôߣҿɲŲ뱻طһǧꡣϹ޼ҲЦ
һۣһЦ֮УֻʻϹ޼ɣǷƣ˵ӮңȻ˵ԵǺʧˡ
ףһ߰ɣ״̬ǵвЩԹ޵ˡʱֻҲǻתһ۲Զ״̬ǺܺõĹס
׳һ£еֻܾܵ飬ɨһܣ·ʮǿ߶Լ񣬶ǳɱ⣬ҲǺܼµѡ񣬸ֻһ뿪
룬ֻһ뿪֮УʲôΣգֻҪһ뿪ɽĸ׾ܽӦʱ˭ܹ뷨
£һ˱ǿߵֱӵڿն뿪˻̶
Ŀǵ뿪֮һۣҲΣȺɱ¾ϣȴͽ˵ļ£Ҳûа취˭ǵǿ
ǿƵֶ޷Եĳ̶ȣôȻӦջֻϧǺܹƽģǿߣܹӵлȨ
ʮɨһǲҵҲһĻ˴νܹӽˣȻܹ뿪ģȴֻʮˡ
ڶȡ鱦ǸӦþãܹ뿪Ҳδһ
˽ε̾ϢһҲ𽥵뿪طǿȡʱ䣬ر֮ǰ뿪ķΧȻ͵Ǵǧˡ
Ȼȥ֮ȴһصѪȣ̶ɢʬ壬Щǰ磬ҲǲĴڣֻϧе̰ʹõֻڴ˵ء
һ΢ش֮ĿһĻȴȻط̶ˮ棬ԭƽޱȣǴʱȴǺ׵ط
΢𽥵شڻ̶ҲԼشЩһӴģӰڻ̶һţģȥͺһӴ
ֻϧһĻȴܹ
ڣʱƵѾ𽥵ؿĳڣΪһȻûǵŨߣƵ׵Ѱɽ
ԼؿĳڣƵҲǳ׵һ
ףԼСһ㣬һ뿪£ҶְæֻصƳһԱߵĹ׵
ȫʢʱڵĹףȻô˵ڹ״̬ȻԾҲŲϹڣһ֪£пֱܻӵضԹ׳֣ʱֻʿ϶ǲܳԼĸŹ׵ĸŲĽ顣


2619 
ֻҸ棬ȻҲǲû̫ĵģһЦȻģֻҪɽҪҵˣ»Ĳࡣ
ù˵ֻʵҲһۣʼʵҲԼز²⵽˹ɽ϶˽Ӧǲûеƶѡ
Ҿǵһ£Ҫθ߹һǸϲģˡ
ʱֻҲʲôʱΪεص
ƺϹ޼һۣҲ˵ر飬ȻҲûʲô취벢ûĻֻҪܹѻŵĹ棬ôȫûйϵ
ȴʣ֮ǰȴĺֱӵػɱ˹룬һǱϵܱ¶ȥҲΪ˼޻Ǽˡ
Ǹɵϲ´ο϶Բ˺ùӡֻԽԽŭ±ͦ򵥵ģΪʵļ޻ʱø
Ҫ֪ǹһֻʣ˵ݶһ㣬ǿ˵ͷǹһִΪֻʵ˻˹룬ǻû֤˵ʲô
ǣ鶼ڵĵǰ˸ˣʱֻֻʿɲָ˻Լ鱦ֻһ˶ȡߵ֮£˲ͼӴԼˡ
ֻ˵Ҳûãڵ̬ȣȥǸϲģҪܹװʲô鶼ûзǵöá̾һһϲԸ
һ£˵ֻʣҲܵǣһ˻νڷƵ󣬿ɻһ壡
¸ӣǸֲɱģб½֤ݳ˺˭˭£񾭴Ϲ޼ɣ˿ûвµ΢ϵҲǴֵص
Ϲ޼ɵĻֻŷһۣҲǿЦѣµҲΨˣ˵ŲţǾͲǵˡ
ǹһϲĵǳ֣Ҳ˿塣
ɣʱҸ˵ͿˡֻüȻҲǺܿգŪãõͷǷһЩìܡ
ǵĽ̸֮£֪Ѿ˳ڣǼһ֮Ҳغһֱӵһ߽˳ڡ
Ƭ֮󣬿ռãȴƻعʱѾٶȴɽ֮Уǵĳ֮ƽõɽʱǱٶ
ܣӰţûЩϢȴ˸ӣŷƵ˵ĳ֣ҲǶȻ˫ǰϢǾһѣ
ȷӦ֮ҲһӰֱӵ˹׵ߣ˹׵ģʾһ㶣ҲΪŭ
˭ְģ
ʱֻ΢΢ƳһӰһӣò֮ҲŹƣҲ
壬ҸһֱǶ㣬пգ彫λӭ㡣ֻʵش˹
£Ӱ΢΢һ㶣ҲǿһֻʣɻصˣǸһĺ󱲣
֣ĶӣҰķڷʱҲǿЦˣҲˣͦ
ŶԭǸһĶӣѹ˲ԼӵĽ֮ȻӰҲ˹ǹ֮ӡ
ף߰ɡ׿һ󣬿ռҲ΢ЩȻҪ֣ҲΪص
Ͼһˣǿ߶ϷˣһΣߣ¿ɾ鷳ˡ
á׵ĸ׵˵ͷҲǶֻʵ㸸ףпȻȥѰһΡ
֮ŹҲѸٵʧɽȻҲ֪϶ǹʲô飬Ȼʹ˽뿪
һ˵Ų£ʵҲǾµĺءֻʿȥıӰҲǹһЦ
˵ˣңʵЩҲû˿İ취Цһȷû֣˭
ϧǣЩվΪԼе̰Ӷǳ׵Լ
ţǾȻҲ棡
ȻʱһȻشǵ󴫹ֻʵɫǶʱΪ̣֮ҲǹһĨЦ
ʲôƫƫʲôվǻôҲ㲻
ûˣȻǹһ
ΪֻʺͷƴʱѾǻָԭòôһȻһ۾ǿˡ


2620 һķŭ
Ȼֻʵ˲ԹһϲģվҪԵĻǵԣҴʱһҲٶȳˣڿֻʵ˽ƽµĳ֮вǳ׵һ
ӴɲǹһôôҼͲܽô
һʱҲǵЦֲȿģҪ
һڷƵͣһ£ȻǶڷԹޣһ㵹÷ͷ۲ѣôһµĴڵԼɲһ¡
Ȼԣֻǵڽʱ򣬿ûĪװȥһһЦֱӵطĶʲôʱҲ䵽ֵزˡ
Թһķ̣һüͷȻǿȥʱֻȴǻ˻֣һϲҪûбҪᡣ
ڿֻ̬Ȼһϸо㵣ǵ˹һҲеĪֻʵĸԣɲôݰ
Ϊ˱ܿĳЩ֯鷳ҲòԼ١ֻغһҲƽص
ֻֽͣһ΢΢üͷܵزһЩԾĵطȴǲ֪Ƿʲô顣
統У˭Ҷ֣һʱûȻҲǿЦˡһҡҡͷȻֻʣ˵ǳŷ̡
һϣɵĴڣɲ֪ܵЩ£˴֪㹻ˣûҪơֻҲǺƢҪǹˣǴһ֮£ôĬ
ֻô˵ȻһҲһ㶣Ƭ̣һƺʧȥ˷ֻʵȤҲһҪת뿪
ţһǰ
Ȼʱֻȴǰѹһͣ
ʲô飿һתеĪؿһֻʣôоֻﲻԾӡ
м£㡣ֻɫصƽؿŹһ˫ۣĶӣ빴ɡ
һһ㶣ӦҲǹһЦһֿɵһֻʵҿǷ˰ɣЩ˵ģ
һûҪƭ㣬Ķӹ룬Ѿ֯
ֻҲǽ˵˳Ͼ˿϶ˣɴ಻ֱӵ˵
ʱձóĬһӵЦ𽥵סˣɫ𽥵תһֲţķŭ
˵ʲô
£һȻһرը죬ɽһ󣬵±಻ǿߵעӡ
Щˣŵӻ֮еȻǺܿǷˣԴӷƵ˳֮ٴγֵȴֻжʮˣЩ֮󣬱Ҳûܹ֣
ʱɽеýһЩҲ𽥵سĬڵϢȴ𽥵رÿ
ʱ򣬻ûгˣΨһͣǾҲûл߳ˡ
Ķӹ룬ȵͽ֯ĻӺңҵֻˣ֯ĻΪ˼޻ֱӵɱڣ
ֻҲ侲һֱӵصҲûκεͣ٣Щ²˵ʹ죬̫ˡ
˵ôܣ
һĵһӦȻ²ܣĶôǹ֯ĻһģӿɾʹˣҪ֪Ⱥ֯ͷһ޷֡
Ų㣬Ѿ㡣ֻҲʼ򣬷ѹûָŹһţֻǰ˵պʲô鷳
ţһʱעֻʵôţһɱˣȻȻ¶ܹ
£һ˵ʱֻҲǱòˣԼܺˣô˹һĿǳ֣
һǰһθ㣬ǧȷ߼Ҳǿȷ֯ԸҵʱǶڳҲ׿ڳˣֻüͷ˿ǲηһʱĿϢ
£һûˣ㵹ǵ˵һѡֻЦ
ƾǼˣһɱҵĶӣһʱгŷŭ޷ʵ
ʶж棬Ƶ˿϶ӺԼĶӣΪϴɣȻβŭ
һõʲôۺˣɱһǲȻ쳣طŭ


2621 ߵĹһ
һģʱƵ˶ǱòһȻûаǿԣȻֱӵʶжϣɱġ
ʵȴǸո෴ǹ뿴ǣɱġ
һ˵˵ʱһҲǿˣȻ֪Ȼǲˣǣ˹һֻʵйϵɻǺء
˵˷񣬷·޷ԼӵҲؿһֻʵ˵һƭң
ȷڹһ˵ôһӣʱȴǸѾ棬ȥţҸϢˣֻʣ
ûֻɱ˹룬ҿ֤
ȻʱһԹȴǶȻ𣬷ֻʶȻתŤͷһԭκӣ
Ȼû
Ȼκӵĳ֣Ҳһ㶣һҲ湻ģǰشģȻܹںĻս֮дһ߳
κӣû󰡣ĪҪҵȲʦôֻʺڰûǰôûгûֱӵؽһֱӻɱˡ
ʱκƻ飬ֱǻϼ͡
ֻʣɻʲô˵
¹һеķŭ޷ѹ֣˫ǳѪ֮ɫǵҰһ㣬ضֻһˣƺʱҪ׼Ŷ֡
һ˵ʲôţӳô
ʱһҲԱüͷûпľȴҲܹԼز²⵽ľκҲйһӡ󣬴ĺܶʱȫһֶΡ
֤ɻɣһҧгݵص۹ɱ˵Ļ´ʱֻʵѾòˡ
κӣʵΣԼΪҷΪӶԹģֻƳһκӣһΡʦ棬Ҳ㣡
ֻм޷ѹŭˣκε޳ܣ๼
ɱ˶ȡڻһʬô
ò˵κӵȷǺ޳ܵ㣬һ˵аۣȥͺһ
˵ʵҲܺڸղûֻɱ㣬̫ʴˡ΢΢̾Ϣһ֪ڿƺӶϴˡ
ȻɱҵĶӣǾɣ
һҲǱŭֹɥʹһʱ֮䣬Ȼֱӵضֻʵ˳֣ƶȻסһƬĿռ䣬ֹƵ˳뿪
һ˵ϺͿˣ治ϣڣ㻹ô
һȻҲǲʾֱӵһ̤ңңŹһϣɫҲ˼㡣
ҪҪôᣬΣǻ˿ɼôǱ˭ɱʱֳģˡ
ʱϹ޼ҲŵǱŭĹһ˼ɵһɲô£Ҫͷɻһ𳬼ǿ
Ϲ޼ɵĻҲҡҡͷûõģڹһѾ϶˹ɱ˳ʵҲˡ
ԱߵֻҲΪεص˵ͷΪһ˽Ϊ˰ǳ壬Ӷ𣿡
ȷֻͬ˵Ǹʱֳλǿߴʱһ֮󣬲Լͬ˺һƺѹûдΪֻʵ˳˼
ȺСֱ֪ӵǶɱˣһ˰ˡϹ޼ɿȷͬƵ˵һ㣬ҲǴֵŭ
֤ˣǻʲô˵ŭĹһ޼ɵ¸һĴڣȻֱӵ֣ĿȻֻʣ
ɱҶӣɣ
һǷŭϵɽ֮лصţһɼΪֻʻǷƣɫȻһ䡣
˺ëͽҰɡ
һҲֱӵһ̤ͷҲصضֻʵ˵
ֻ˵ͷȻһҲ̫ϳ֮һʵŹһȣǲϲ١
ס֪ͨǰϲĽ췢ˣǸסֻҲǳʤڳŹһûй˼ɵʱеһȻֱӱ飡
׽һ壬Ψ޷֮£ֻʵĸӦӶѸٵظϹ
ʱһɽ֮ϣһӰȺ˼Ȼؾ˹üͷƺʲôӦһ㡣
ʶӦȥɽôô£
£شӰȴѾʧ


2622 ɽĻ
ɽʱȴѾ˼ȵĻҵУȴ뿪˵Ĺ׸֮⣬ڹһƳ׷֮£ʱûܹ뿪˵ء
㲻ҵĶֻ֣Ҫ
һغ⣬һ˫޾ŭ˫ضǰסһ˿ûԼ֮гɱ⡣
Ķ֯һжأһҪκ˵ĻҲǴңҲţңֻɱҵĶӣһô
һǿƵĹһ֮ȴ˿޾壬ؿһ۹һ񲻹ŭɱǣǼƫҪɱѡ
һ£ܿϧûõùһ侲ŭЦ㱻˵ˣΣʵǰֻʾǻɱ֡
룬ԽԽͿ
һʱִƢõϹ޼Ҳ̲סŭⲻֱǺô
ϻ˵ȻҪңұҲһɱˣ¹һŭһɽ𶯣񱩵ϵɢ

һŭأɽӣ˵ҲΪ
˺󡣡
һƣһɫüΪأҲǶֻʷԸһҲֱӵؿһŹһн֡
䣡
һıըȻλǿߵսѾĻֻ˵Ϊڳ󲿷֮ϣûܹһһֵ龰
һ㣬ƶ
Թԣ¡Ϲ޼е𾪵صŰ֮ʱʱֵӰԼʱڵĿҲһĨ¡
ʦҲôôСֻ֡еĵؿһϹ޼ɣһʶ̫˰ɡ
ʦǸϲˣҾûֹϹ޼еεصɨһܣʼ㿴Լһ֣֪Ŀȥˡ
˵˼һģ˵ĳעأȵΣյʱȻǻ֡ƹһЦҲǽ͵ɵģϹ޼ǽ״ӣһ֮Уٴ⣬ҲؿԼΣյС
¸ɶҸ״ʱѾǸϹˣʱһϲҲڲֻĹĵصһֱǲһҧԼǻɱ֡
ֻ˵ƺϹ޼һۣҲһȻһһҲܹһʱ䣬ֻҪȴֻʵĸ֣ôûбҪٵˡ
Աȵȴĳ֣Ҿǰм¸Ҫһ㡣
ʱһֱֻ󱣳ֳĬӰȴǻص·仰ʾʲôȻӰ˵仰ʱֻŷһۣǰǲԶκϡ
ȷЩˡǲܹϡ
ղˣһοɲŻš
Ϲ޼ƫͷһκӣҲǵ˵ͷһȷǺᡣ
ȻʱκҲǶʱע⵽ԼϣҲһֻʵ֮ʣиǿ־һ
ܹ֮ţȫΪڻ֮ʣװˣʬ棬ȴƵ뿪֮Ǹҳ֡
ΪѾǾطϵˣһѰû˶𣬷˲ٹӲشӻ̶֮뿪
ȻȴǳŲģֻʵܹȡΪضʼɺޣȻһֱѰ˼Żᱨֻʡ
ò˵κӳı֮⣬ûʲôسԼΪ˵״̬֮£Ҳǲġ
ڣһᣬǾǹ
֪һֻʵ˲ͣǿֻǵȱŭɫƣɴֱӵֻ֣Ҳ״̬ˣֻùôҲֻʺù
ǵȴֻɱʱκȴĺˣϵغţֻǻŹ
ܣ㵹ܰȥӺˬǰɣͲο˭㣡ֻʵҲŭ
κӣͺ޲ýɱǰʦӣ֣һκӵҲ޷ܣɴ಻һУֱӵնɱˡ
պʦ׷ҲѲɻֻܹô
뵽һ㣬ֻʵ˱Цѡ


2623 Ͳ
Ƶ˲񣬵κӾǲͣغˣͬʱɵɨһܣȴǷûκ˻ʱվ
ǡҪʲôɱڣκӾֵŭ
˵ôôӽǿ㲻ˬˡֻ˵ĺܸɴ࣬ûɣ㲻ˬˡ
·ûж˵ʲôֱӵػִһƬռ֮׵طסһƬȻ˾ٿе࣬ϾκΪѾǱϵûվȻʲô⡣
Сĵ㣬˵Ǹһʦ⸽ֻҲȻشκӿ϶ǲһ˾سɽ˵ʦ𻹻Ļ󣬲û֡
أһ˵Ϲ޼ҲǴֵصκӷǳ˳ۣղžȻǹȻǾǻɱ֣һʵ޿̡
ְɡ
֮£ֻҲҪϾݿǷƻϹ޼˶ֵĻʱκӵʦ𱨸ûģʦţҲȻ鷳
ƺϹ޼ɵҲһۣ˵ͷûʲô飬ϾκӵʦһȻǲ壬ҲΪ鷳
ֻʼҪ׼ֵʱκɫ֮£ȻǴӻͳһö򣬵Ҳֱӵ飬һɰ˲
ֻһ£ɫҲ΢䣬ˣκӸ֪ͨʦ
ҪôֻЦղô˵κӶ
ȻһĻȴǳˣκӻͳһöڱ֮󣬰ŰһΪŨĹâֶ
ֻʶȻͣٶסŲ¶һ־ɫŨĹâɫҲһĨɻ⵽ʲô
˸Ҷͽ
Ȼһ̣ŨĹâ֮Уȴǻ۳һӰһһŭ

ֻʱǻȻһö򲻽Ǵ֮ãκӵʦҲ˴ѪȻǽһֵӡ֮ϡ
ֻҪκΣգȴܹ֪֮⣬֮ҲһٻôһڵܹӳȻǲСӡ
Ҿ˵һôôԭȵơֻЦκƣ֮޷ãȻҲǵȵ
ʦҪ֣
Ȼκȴǹܲô࣬ڿԼʦֳ֮Ҳֵؽֻʵ˻᲻һֱӵض֡
ţȻСӣ֮䲻йԼôҵͽǲٶ֡
£ʵӰҲΪصѾǱϳֻʵݣҲе棬յ˵ǾԲܹٶͽ֣ǵ֮Լ
ߣͽܣЩʲô£ҽղɱҲͲˡֻЦûΪԷݶ͸еɵ
ţģӰҲǸоɻ󣬵ŤͷһԼκǱģ˫ҲŭˣΪԼӵΪѾǾرϵ
һϢûˣȻѾǳΪһˣ
˭ɵģ
£ŭп϶ŭţԼĵӾȻǱ˷ϵΪܹ
ҡ
ֻûκγɣֱӵسϣĵؿһκӵ棬ûֱӻɱǸ㣬֮󣬾ȻȻңƽߣ
ĳҶҵӣһҲ˲񣡡
κӵʦŭЦ±ǶȻתЦҵҪ㵽ʲô
ȻҲǱŭˣκΨһһӣеϣȴǻֻʵУ
ֻʵҲغһɫȴû˿η壬̤ǰһǰ񲻹һѣǿ󣬿Ҳ֯ҡ
ֻⷬκӼֱŴˣԼʦˣһﶼҪնɱԼôҪ֪һˣǵɲѰ˿Сӵġ
ĵӣȻ˵ҵӣҾͷ㣡廹ΣҲǱÿЦãֻʵ˻ΪԼ۸ôȻһɱĴڣǿ׾֮¡
ǼǣΡ
ƵȻǲ׵ȥϹ޼ɵȣֱӵվ˳һ޾ؿŶԷ


2624 ̸
һʱ֮䣬ɽȴһŹһ֮ս֮⣬ǱһսԸֻʵˡ
ǰҾǰ£κӱɣ㱾٣ҲáֻɱϵصɱŨκӱȻºֵøԼʲô鷳
ڷƵȼ˸Ӳ˵ˣȲκӵΪˣǾһ֮⣬κӵΪѾʮֵ˽⣬СˣܳǱȻ󻼡
ƾ͸˵ˣǶһˣȻ޾壬壬ɲպǱκӵϣ鷳ҪɱҡС
ƾĸ˵ұˣһǶԸˣ
κӵʦҲЦѣɨһ۷ƵˣȻǵʣǵͷȴǲмһˣôվ޷ȣ
ǿվһǱӡֻЦɨһܣҲûдֵ˼Ҳǰ˲٣ЩһҪǻҪûңǿɾ鷳
ҾÿԴ򣬲ô֪ءʱϹ޼ҲǿɳߣֵصɲŲ¶ԷʲôţҲһꡣ
Ͳˣƾĸ֣򲻹һ꣡
ץʱ䣬һﲢûɽҲ²ڿ϶Ҳ߸Ҫ֮ǰκӸɱˣȻǽûκλᡣ
£ҲǳŵصɨһһһߵսȦȻһϲûйһΪ£ƾҲܹŶԷһʱľ
һҲǺһ㣬Źһ֮ʣʱ䣬ֻҪֻʵĸ֣ôȻҲ޾ˡ
֣
ֻҲһֱһ쳾ǳֶϵſµĽâ˲һƬռ䶼Ǳɱƣ
֣ˣӰҲֻʵȵʱǺҹ֮еӰӣȻֻʵı󣬵һ˺ʵĻᣬʩչһ
лɳߵˡϹ޼ɴֵصȻֱ͵ػеɳҲһ㣬ɢʵâ
֮£ɳƣȴǾȫЩϼһ
ţκӵʦҲǸо죬ɳ֮ϲһļµĲܹõּĴڶܹļ£Ȼɳ߲һ֮
ʦǼһеĶڻ̶֮еõģǾκӿʦ¶㵵ɫҲ
ߣȻˣɳ߾͹ˣ
κӵʦХһܱߵĿռ䶼˲ϵſµĲ֮磬Ϊɼ
Ƶȼȴ˿壬һۣһ̤׷ʩչԼΪʽκӵʦȥ
ǺԼԵĶһλ𣬼ֻܷӳһֵΪƵҲǲҾʹӣΪ֪𾳵Ĵڣǿµʲô̶ȵĹ
ֻʵĺ쳾ӰӵвϹ޼ɵİ罣ɳһ£зƮӰԼ֮ռŤ
˵Ĺһ˲ǻغһ𣬱貵ĹâݺݵشӰ֮һӣԽ˴񷣬Ȼأ
ĸ˵ɳĿƣȻõܱߵһЩϹҲǺܾȣò̾ˣ涼
߾
£κӵʦǴһХ죬ֻδκζȴƾܹһ۵ӡ
һӣڰ֮оȻǳƬ̣ٶ£ҲΪͣ٣˸оûǰǰˡ
վף֮Ĳ࣡κӵʦһЦȻһɲǿȵģ
֮һģӰҲǶȻʧһ̣ȴֱӵسֻ۶ɵ֮Уֻǿֱӵ˫֣ȻҪƾһ֮Ӳӵ£
һĻֻʵҲһ㶣ȻԷܹƣʵǳǵϡ
Уǵ͹ֻʵһʱģ֪֣ҲǲŶԷᲢۣ𼶱ĴھȻǿˡ
ţȥûɱκӣֻ֮һĨ⣬ֺ䲻һǳõĻᣬŶԷûע⣬ֱӵسֻɱ


2625 ɱκ
ֻʵĴ㣬ƵҲΪ㵵һ£Ҳһۣ˵ͷǺֻʶκǳűɱ֮ġ
ãȥɣӦÿסһϹ޼Ҳǣ֮ȴǱ˵ս⣬Ȼƴһôǿһƴġ
κӵʦɵرԼ˵ֻʵҲǷǳسأֻƳһκӣҲһ˶˲س
ֻʵľٶȻ˲˵עӣһκӵʦҲǲˣŭһ䣺ӣȻ£
ιĶֿǡ
Ϲ޼һ̤Ȼǿɳ߾ֱӵκӵʦȻƺӰҲû˿ĳɣϡ
ÿ
κӵʦֻܻʿҪԸûаΪκӣҪɱҲһͷ£Բȥ
Ϲ޼һۣûж˵ʲôҲµƣһ̣Ҳֿκʦѹ
Ӱӣó潻֣Ǳ˵Ӱ֮һ㣬Ϣͬʧһ㣬ȴ˸ܹ˺
һǿκʦпνŭ㣬Ҳǲôֱ࣬Ӿ֣һâȻش֮бһɽһ㣬Ȼѹ£
ҹ
һŭ𾪶죬ǿ֮ɼһߣ˸оǣϹ޼˾ȻӲؽһεĹ£
һĻȻҲǳ˺ܶ˵ϣĿɿڴؿˣ棬ֱ޷ţ
Ȼܹסκӵʦһһ
ȿȡϹĿ£ɻĿЦġ
µƽȥϹ޼ȿڵеɳ߱һҫ۵âϵž޴ĳ
ȻղžΪɳߵԵʣǽԷһ׵
ڷƺӰɫţȻҲΪɵ𼶱ĴڣȻ޷󣬲Ǿǣɳߵͷ»ĺܴ
ɳߵǿ̶ȳκӵʦû뵽ôһĻԼΪһȻǱԷ
Ҳע⵽Ϲ޼еһ֮УȻҲǲ֪ظһĨȵɫһܹ赲ѱԲѰ֮
κӾѾ˵ɳԻ̶֮ڣ뵽һ㣬ҲɭȻһЦһκӵķҲԼĴ㡣
κӴʱѾǳΪ˷ˣǾҲã֮Ҫ֣޷ΪһͷѣܲԼĵӱ˸ϵˣȻȴΪǻᱻЦġ
ܹȡδҲһ£
̬ı仯κʦɫҲǱùȻǲκӵˣֻʵӰκӡ
ԣһе㲻Ծ
£κʦɫ仯ҲǶȻصȵŻٶ֣ʱȴǷһ㣬Ȼ³
ʦ𡭡
ֻԼԽԽκӵɫž֣ϵغţֻܹܵʵ׷ô
κӻһ˿󿴵Լʦ֮еһĨĮȻжȻһκǺ͵ҲϤƣȻ׾ٵز²⵽ԼʦѾǷԼˣ
ǲɵǸһĨЦκû뵽Լ³Ȼ㣬ˣȻҲΪһӣ
ֻƶĹ֮УҲһֱעŶԷټȻɻ󣬲Ҳǹܲô࣬κӾǰûὫɱ
ôһ죬ԼҲþˣ
ֻʼһʱ䣬ѾκӵǰǱĻֻеĺ쳾ҲǶȻػһĨ⣬ֱӵعᴩ˶Էţ
оԼ𽥱һֱռݣκͫ𽥵ʧȥɫʣ죬ƺлҪ˵ڵţҲûᡣ
һӣվ³Σһ㣬κ֮ǰҲǳżΪΣȴı䡣
سԼĺ쳾ֻʻתȥκûж࿴һۣڵҪʦ档
ңڵնȻرе


2626 ̰
ô£
ԼܹɵػɱκӣֻҲĴɻ󣬸ղǵ֮£ԷŻǿԼģΪͷȴûж֣ͣ
ҲһеŹ֡Ϲ޼ҲᴭղһΪ˸񵵶£ҲǺķ
ƳĬһֱڹ۲κʦɫ仯ڳĬƬ֮ǰ˼Ϲ޼ɵļ
ôˣϹ޼ҲȻػͷһƣе㲻ԡ
˺ɣǸһĿˡƵصѾǴκʦ񿴳ˣȻǵ֮гһΪ̰â
ʲôңϹ޼Ŀɿڴ湻ת۵ģ׷ʲô顣
׼ȷ˵ĿеɳߡʱڱӰҲǻؿڵϾκʦ¶â̫ˣ˶ܹóֻҪ΢˼һ£ܹǲ²õ
ûǼһǿɳߣԸղҲǷκӵˡҡҡͷ͵˵κӵΪѾǱϵˣŲȣһϵκԶԶûɳߵҪ
ⶼУϹ޼пνƽ⻹ʦͽϵôΪһѱȻǲԼӵ
κӶˣôܹΪʦģֻǺõȥֻǰɻ󣬲˵ĽͣҲ˲˹
ԭǰɳôܺá
ʱκӵʦҲǻؿڵȵضϹ޼ɵȻ˵ĻôɳߣΪɱҵӵĴ۰ɣ
κʦ˲ҪĻƵ˶ⶼʲôˣֻǿ˵ó
˲Ҫ޵У仰˵ûϹ޼̾һһΣǼʶˡ
䱾ˣǰ˭ܹ飬Ѱѡ̾ò˵ɳߵǿǿǲòΪ֮ĵĳ̶ȡ
˺ɣһԸֻƳһϹ޼ɣҲǵͷ¸ղŶɳߣе㷦˰ɡ
Ϲ޼һЦֻ˵ûղֻǶһɳߵȫǱһ㡣
һȻֲܿǡ治ܹ㶯áϹ޼ɿЦڵ״̬ҲֻǶһɳߡ
֪㣬ܹ㿹һֵĻᡣҲǷ˷ۣͽҰɣıֻʵĸһǾȫ
Ȼ֮£κʦıƺҲ߸һõı٣ôǾҪԵ
ʱ򣬽˿ٰæĸȻ»޷ǿ⡣
ӦáӦòɡֻߣĸҲ߸ĸܹʱеôһȻӭж⡣
ָ˭ܹǣɳߣһῼǷŹǡ
κӵʦЦһֱϹ޼еɳ֮ϡ
ҵıѾҪɽʱĶ
κʦ£ɽĴЦõֻʵһۣ˸֮еĲ
ıˣǿɾûˣһֻܹͬŹһʱѣ޷ԼֻǿԼ
ˣҾͲıҵӻҪ죡
£ֻҲҧµҲû·鲻ǵʲôزȻκʦҲǲһɱԼ
Ƶ˾˵ˣϹ޼ɣҲúܣȻһӵݹţ֪ԷӣʱһˣֱϹ޼ɶɱˣӿɾˡ
ְɣӾӡƳŵصղŵ̽ѾǴֱܹκʦһܹ
ԼĹ㣬ĻԼδܹǼϹ޼еɳߣ˵ǿ⣬ܹ
ǣȻڵϹ޼޷ټɳߣֻǿ˵
Ҳû취ˣʵڲУǾͶǴ֮ɡغһҲаȻðգǵͷòã
һ̣ûκεԣֻһۣǼΪĬ˲һֻ֣ʵĻӰӣ


2627 ѹ
˲֮£ֻʻӰӵѾһس֣ҲΪˣ⼸õһƬռ䶼ǲǳܲסѹһ㡣
ţռ䷨򣬻һʲô
£κӵʦҲΪɻؿһ۷ƣڷƵϸܵһǰδеĸоƺڷƵһصķ²ⲻ͸
ȻǷݵһַڿռ䷨ʱ䷨ֵĴ٣ַ֪Ĵڣǵãһַȫڿռ䷨֮
ݲκʦ룬ѾǰҲɫδκα仯̧ԼƣȻݺݵ£
䣡
һ죬򵥵һƣʱǸƵ˴һִͬµһƣһ򵥣һɽ
һѹֵĲʱӭǵȿ¹ƣһǰʱ߽⣬û˿ͣ١
ɫȻһߣʶظоԼܶһεڽԷһ£ܹǴ֮ѹʵ
𾳵Щܹ⣿
£κӵʦһЦȻֶһ˵޵еĴڣǰǲֵһᣡ
֮Ĳֱ֮ٵĲһѣܹͲǶԷĵ
˲䣬ƵɫǶȻز԰࣬ͬߵķһ㣬ֱӵκʦǾȻһǳܲ
𾳵ĴڣȻֲ˹
⣬ʵǵ͹˶ԷΪһҲܹġӲڰ֮ͣٶԼӰɫüΪѿ
ԭΪԷһ𣬵ǱƾԼ֣ܹһ󣬵ǵڣ֪뷨Ƕô档
뵽ɳߣȻܹԵֵһҲǿƿֲһ£ѹһɳ߲̰
ƣû°ɣ
ʱֻ˵ĴҲǺòȥκʦѹǰ޷κζղκʦֻһ·Ʒ˹ѣûжֻʲô
û£ֻ¿鷳ˡغһǿнԼǷڵѪӲѹǻص
һ̫ˣ𼶱ĴڣȻ޷Ĵڣô죿ӰҲһصصʮֵز
ɳߣǼ˻Բ
ʱκʦ𿴼Լһ֣ӲرˣҲɨһˣϹ޼ɵϣȻĿɳߡ
˵ͱϴ⣬Ժ󱲳֣Ҳöˡֻʵ¾ֱӵؿҪļһʲôͽܣʲôʦ
ٿڳԣϷ򲻿ĶҲһնɱڴ˵أ
ֻʵκʦɫǱѿ׺ݵص
ʵڲУ֣ǿд߶Ļһһɳߣһܸܲʲô˺ʱϹ޼Ҳǻɫɲ԰ףŲȴûǰǰ鸡ˡ
ûõģɳҪķѵ̫Ӵ״̬޷õڶΡҡҡͷһɫ԰׵Ϲ޼ɵ
֮£֪ܹӶãֻҲҧһѹӴˣ֮Ĳࡣ
£ֻҲ̲סƳһһŹһ֮أڵĿռǱɿµһ˿ûκȴܹ̺ܵա
Ȼ֮սԶԶûôȴǼֲ˶ãۿֻҪκʦٶһΣǾǳ׵ʧȥ
һλ𣬾㹻õ˳׵ʧȥֿ
Ⲣη壬㣬̫ˣ㵽ʱ򣬷ûĬضκӵʦ֮Լһַɫ˸
ƺǲ˷ķ˼κӵʦɵǶ࿴˷ƼۣΪһƣ±ЦΪȺϣôɳߣҪô
ǿӲ̬ȣֻʵȼȻŷŭȴûκΰ취Ŀǰûȥһ𣬼


2628 ⣡Ǵ֮
ŵΪƵ˿νû˿İ취ҲֻǳĬţȻʱȴ̤һ
ŷ־ٶֻʵ˽һ㶣һҪʲô
ơ㡭Ҫʲôֻæֱӵ˷ƣһʲô嶯ľٶôʱԿһλ
ҰɣסĻƵеɳƣ΢΢̧ͷֻʵͶȥһǷĵ
ƨһܹʲôǼһ𣡡ֻʵ±ܻصһ̫ˣʱˣҪƾԼһ˵ȥô
ƣ嶯а취ġϹ޼Ҳǳ
û£ңʱĻҿЦһ£Ҳ¶һɵɫһκӵʦ֮Ҳһֺš
Ȼǿ󣬲ǰٵҲһѣ
ƼԼڵǴ֮ӡҲֱӵؽ⿪ʱȻŷգҲûиõİ취ֻʵȻΪȱܹȻƵȴУȻǴ֮
ֻʵһʱ֮䶼ǲ֪˵ʲôˣǱӦŷƣһλʵǶԷûжġ
ɡ
ʱӰҲͻȻ֪ΪΣڷƵ֮Уһŵɫܹ¶ɫˣǾԲǰ嶯
İɣֲɵӡƹһЦҲһ¼ֱӵذֻʵ˾ֱӵؿԽǣκʦǰ
ڵ˶㲻֪ôƾ㣿Ըң
κӵʦЦЦһ㣬ǰƵٶ޷⣬һûеϣǺԼӡ
вУܵԡ˫ֺʮһֵӡӶ˫ҲǽŻرϡ
Ǽ䣬һ˲ɽڷ˵Ǿֹһ㣬ûκƳԼͼǽ⿪Ǵ֮ķӡ
Ϊ˱׷Ѱ˺ģԼһӡһеǴ֮һ⿪ӡôڵǴ֮ٶȱ
ǲѵ飬ΪҪ˼ɵĴڣԸһԵҲҪӡ
ǵµƺݲٶ࿼ǣΨƾǴܹ֮κʦһֱԼ
ϾǴ֮ĴڣֳǿߣҪΪ֮ɵ֣˵κʦˡ
ŷƵ־ٶֻʵ˽һۣǿ͸ƵĴʲô˵ƻ¶ǳһأֻҲǲ˵Լȫ͸˷ơ
ߣװŪҵҪ㻹ʲôֶΣȻҪңκӵʦҲ˫ĿŭɣŭЦص
һ̣ƶȻ˫Ȼȴһ̶Ȼشɽļž
ʱƵ˫ЩɫâԶԶȥĥţһصӡǱǳ˷Ƶü֮С
ؽԼɢžɫâ˫ȻһһɸΪµƱԷƵ
Ǵ֮
ɽǿֲϢǳ޾Ļֻ֮ʵɫһѾľˣڴʱܹĶʶظܵһɲ
⡭֮
ţκӵʦҲ¶֮ɫһŵɫŷƣǿʲôֵһ㣬Ƭ̹ҲǻָЦ֮
ȷƣԼΪ֮һӦⲻ֮η壬Ҳֱӵس֣һ̤һһ㣬Яϵѹŷƹ
ƣСģ
ֻʶؾеȻݶҲ΢΢̧ͷһκʦ¶һּЦɫ
֮
£Ҳûж˵ʲôнһ£Ѹٵ۳һžɫâһâǴ֮۶ɣ̺żΪֲƻ֮Ǳ濴ȥȴƽޱȣһžֹľɫâ˿޷̺գ
һ̣κʦȻس˷Ƶǰһֻ޴ƺȻ£ֱӵ˷ƣҪӲؽ֮ѹ
ǷƵĶȴǺܼ򵥣̧ͷһۣ֮󣬱ֱӵذеľɫâֱӵͳȥһ̺ſǴ֮âһ伴ʢŵһѤ


2629 µǴ֮
ǣκʦǺεȻǲὫƵһڣҲЦ˼Ȼû˿ȴ
䣡
һ֮ɽǱһִ۵Ĺâһ֮Уһµɽ
һĻȻõɽǿ߶Ϊ֮𾪣һ˵𺳣ǵ
ֿµĲȻһûͻƵĴֱǲ˼飡
ԡǴ
Ҳ˾ʧؾɫǱϷǴ
ûȿ񱩵ƻ֮ȻǴĪƿǴ֮
˿ʼ׷ǱʾţڷƵϾȻǱǴ֮
ġǸһôģǴܹ֮ӵСֻʴʱֱĿɿڴѾǲ֪ôԼĿеˡ
ֱһȻܹƿǴ֮Ϲ޼Ҳǲ֪˵ʲôֱһǴ֮Ϊ֮ɵֿ񱩵ƻ֮ôΪӵеģ
ӰԱҡҡͷԭΪܹƿʱ䷨ѾǺܱ̬һ֣ȴû뵽ԷھȻһǾǴ֮
ô˵ϼһҪùˡֻһ룬ҲֺǺǵصǴ֮˲壬ǿҲѹǴ
ΪǴ֮һǹȥǸԶʱ򣬶δ˵Ȼ˿ƿǴ֮ص̫ˡ
Ƭ֮ԷǻƽϢڳǾ㵵ȴǾþòƽ
һǱӰӰ֮е˶˿֮ʣȻ֣ǾȻκʦ
ʱģƺǼΪǱǿû֮£ֱӵرڵǴ֮𺳵
ȻܹǴ֮
κʦʱؾ㵣ղŵĶ֮£гһΪƿصĲΪѰ֮ȴûõȻǴ֮
ûʲôܲܣֻʶٶѡƵһЦʱ˫֮ŵؾɫâƣϵҫţ˴̶
˾һ٣̧ͷһ԰ףȴʮأ֪Լʲô飬һĻԼʮΣˡ
⵹Ҵˡκʦۣؿŷƣв֪ʲôܹǴ֮ķƣһʱ֮Ҳǲ
ʲô£µһǴ
ΪҲͬҪɹǴǳɾ֮λΪǴ֮ɱɵ𣬿϶Ƕ˼ɵ
Ǵֿ֮֮ͬµܹڿģ
ڻһ״̬֮£ҪɶԸƣǼûа취¡
ȻǴ֮𣬿Ҳ̫á
ʱκʦ΢΢Լ˫ۣ˼Ƭ̣һԼǴַ֮ڷӳȻǴ֮Ҳܹ˺ҪƾǴ֮ɱԼδеˡ
Ȼˣס㣬Ҳ㹻ˡûΣǴ֮һλĴڣԼʲôΪԷһ۾ǿԿԼǳ
Ҳ˵ʱƿʱһ¶ԷҪƾǴ֮ɱԷǼǲ飡
ұǸϵɽʱ㣬ҲܲαҪκʦҲŭһⲻǷͼսѡ
ǰɡ
ҡͷЦ˫֮Ҳ͸һĨɫֻѣ¡Ը㡣
仰֮󣬷Ҳûвȡľٶ˵ˣûô޴Ҳ˫ָ󣬿κʦֻҪԷżֵͷôȻһҲǳ
̬ʱ֮κӵʦ΢˫ʶؿһֻʣв²¿϶ǿ֣߳Һܾܿǿߡ
һǿߣԼҪʲôٶ¾еˡ
ʱ򣬾óԼͽֻʵɿҲǲԣ˵ǻҪͼܹȡɳߡ
ôҪľǱǸӿһ֣ɳ߶ȡ֣˵˵ʵֻҪֻ֣嵽ʱҲ׷Լʲô


2630 ֣
սپͷκʦ֮Ҳ˸һĨɫȻʱȴǶȻ̧ͷ˵Ӱȴǿʼɢ
һĻɫһ䣬ȴ͸¶һɻһʲôӣ
⣬˺Ǽһıˣ
ȻʱֻʶȻŭһҲæѷƵԷΪΨһһͣǾǱˣȻҲĴڡ
Ȼһɢ֮ʣһɰޱȵѹȻش޵Ĳ֮нٶ£ֶסɽ
һŷŲһ㣬˵ǸΪ𺳣Ͼһı彵٣˴ͬ뽻֮еһŹһҲܵ˾˲ֿɻؿһĻ
ô£һλ٣
ʱһҲ΢شŴʵŹһн֣νǺķҲܹǿӶѣϾ顣
κӵʦˡֻغһҲƽصȻɲһСģѾôһôһλȻټ϶һĻѩϼ˪Ϊѡ
⣬ôǸһҲˣ¿ɲһϽüͷܹסһ˵Ļ
һûָֻʵǿʲô𼶱飬Ҳû˿ãⲻһս
ǻɱκӣκӰʦһٻȻʱıҲǽˡֻʵҲһһʮؽؾһ
̫嶯ˣóȻػɱκӣʦǳʱ㣬ɲһ¡һϿЦһǿɾҪˡ
ӦûϵҸҲǿ쵽ˣֻҪӵһʱ򡣡ֻɫƽҲΪż򣬸ӦǺܿ͸ϵ
Ը˰ɣ¿ɾ鷳ˣӴһҲҡҡͷҲǽ˷ƵϣҲ΢΢һ㶣ȵһ
ϾȻӵǴ֮
ȻһҲǲԷڵֿ²·ֱǴ֮һ֣ҲǾޱȣֱû˵顣
ǴȻǿԱΪסֱǲ˼飡
ǵģ˵ʵҲ֪һﻹôһƣֱǲ˼顣ֻʿЦȼֱǹ̥һĴڡ
ҲûôǰӵʲôҲ޷𡣡һҡͷ̾Ϣ
԰ɣȻǾûлᣬֻԴˡֻҲغһԵ٣Ѿ׼ˣʱԷƼ֧ԮȻǲ÷һԡ
һΪ˭ԭϲں˶֡Ȼʱһ쳹ɽ
ǵȰѹ֮£һӰسֶһֵȴʵ壡Ҳ
ߣҲΪ˭ԭͷƻϺꡣһƺҲʶκӵʦ𣬵Ҳһûж˵ʲô
ȻҲ֪ΪҪǽ֣ǿ֡
ֱӣκӵʦǺεȵĴֱӵһ۾ǿ͸˴ʱ龰ȻһΪҪ˶֣ƾ֮Ĺϵܹһ͹һƴ飬ȻһС¡
֣ñҪôһҲһĸ֮ˣҲЦƺе㳰ЦԷ
ˣһëôöûа취֮ѹƬǿ߽ٵĻҲûжϣˡ
κӵʦ𣬹ȻͬκӵԸһģһƾż仰ȻҪŶԷһҪﵽٶȣǰֻʵˡ
ҪǼ˵
£һƺҲǿǵʲôҲüͷֱӵضκʦ
ҪСеˣ㿴Ű졣κʦҲǹЦһֱǶϹ޼ɵеɳߣǳȵɫ
áһֱӣΪҲΪɵһǿ߸ô͸ʲôʱԼҪɱֻʣҲ
£ֻŶԷ֣ܹѸٵؽֻʻɱĻĶӣǰˣ
һ뵽ԼĶǲֻʵ˵УһҪ󣬻ñֻʵﱳȣɹһһ㣬뵽ѹֵķŭ
סһʣ½㣬סǸСҵġ£κʦҲһЦ


2631 
κʦŹһ֮䣬Ȼһ˲Ĺ֮£Ǵ˹ʶֱӵ֣
һĿֻ꣬ʵκʦĿ꣬Ϲ޼еɳߡ
ΪµĴһƾ´ǡ
ϲģȻֻ֡ʵɫȻκʦһӣôһһڣ˿赲
ɼˡҲ̾һǽ⿪ڵķӡִǴ֮ȻҪƾԸһǸǳ˵Ρ
κʦΪȻ˵ıҲǽŽٶ£ĿǰΪǵһ¡
ģʵڲУ͸ƴˣϲģôҪϹ޼Ҳ̲סһص֪ԼΪ϶ǵвĶԷɲԸسȥ
һһĶֿң֪꣬Ϊɷнչ
£ݲ÷ǵ˼룬κʦѾȲҪˣȻԵһϣڷƵȼˣǽ˹һ
ϻ쵰ߣָһȴǶ𱨣ĶɱôһŭһƺҲǼΪŭ
һ˵õ÷Ƶ˲첻ѣԭһﻹ廹ԨԴϧʱȴҲǷ¶Թ
ҵͽֻʵ˭ȥ㣿ֻҪСеɳߣֻʣǲܣʶȤľͱҡ
κʦҲǹЦصɫ֮ȴǳһƿһеš
룬ͽôģҲҸڳ̬Լе̰ȥ벻ף˵ôǵõߵָ㡣һҲŭصֱӵס˶Էǲܻκʦ߹ȥ
Ȼ˵ĻǾ¼°ɡ
κӵʦҲϻʱ˱ֱӵؽ֮Ϊνǰ˭Ҳκβ˭κӵʦ־ӣΪ飬ǻŹһء
һΪκӵʦҪһһڳֱӵԷƵˣǸӵɡ
ǿ뵽нգ
һؿǰļ˵ǲɵǸֳһĨЦ
ɱҶӣǾǵ
֮£һеɱѾ޷ϨѾֻһˣǲòж
ϼһ˵ôҪһڳǣҲ³ŻԼֻһЦȻҪԹһƿ˿ӡ
ޣҪǻʲôôһƳһ۷ƣǴ֮ǿǸСֵıӦǿǸӰӣ
ŹһĻƵȼ˵ɫǱüΪأȻһȴʮֵ˽⣬󣬹һЦˣҪɱǣ練ƣ
һ̺ŹһƲУʱƵȼҲɫ΢΢һ䣬ֱӵ˺üȻܵƵѹơ
ô죬һϲģôѹơֻʱ濴ʲôȴǽޱȣֻԼĸ׾ظϵ
ְɣһ˵ĻһǿĺѴܹ֮ɱ֣ܹƬ̡Ҳغһ
ǿƵĹһ˵ֻʣҲû˿İ취һ𣬱κʦΪǿ
ղŷƽ⿪ԼڵǴ֮ȴԸκʦһ޷˵Ҫˡ
ҲΨˣɳߵ޷ã콣Ҳǲȥ콣ǸͷҲ֪˭ɱˡ
Ϲ޼ƺԳһ㣬ҲеɳߣӶٶǽ콣ƿУɳ߹Ȼǿ󣬵ûܹյĵز콣õѡ
£һܹӶþǶˡֻҲغһеĺ쳾һųҫ۵ĽâɭϵĽ⣬׵һƬռ֮С
Ȼ˵ĻǾͶְɣ
Ҳ˲ŭ𣬰ȴǶȻر貵â˵ϢһӾǱÿޱȣԶԶȥǻһ˾ȻĸֱŹһ֣
֪ȻִԲǾȫȥɣ
һɱâϵ˸ţҲһس֣


2632 
ۿŹһ֣ǵȰѾǽ˵ؾ֣Ƶ˸оʮֵѣȻʱһ΢ĲԶ
ţ
ʱ򣬹һȻͣһ£ɫǰֱӵתΪһؼɵ˺¶һɫ
ΪʱѾǿͻȻؽ٣ϢӦԼһǿߣҺȻ壡
ֻʵڳһ֮Ҳǻ˹ͬزһϢĳ֡
ĸô
ƵʶȲǿ̶ȣҲһ㶣תֻʵǵĻôȻ²õģǵĻǿɾͳ׵鷳ˡ
ûҵĸסֻҲǾϲصɫҲǳ׵طԼĸ׳֣ôҲͲνΣվ档
ϵˡӰҲǵ˵ͷȷϡ
ˣͷǸͷӸˡϹ޼Ҳֱӵе޽¶һɵɫ
Ƭ֮һӰȻϢسֻʵǰûмΪǿƵ˶ûпôֵģһ˲ͳԼ˵ǰ
ХȻ㣡
һҲɫȻһ䣬û뵽Ȼֻʵ׳֣һ£ǳûжֵĻˡ
ֻʵĸףҲХڳ֮ɨһܣһκӵʦڽ֣Ҳüͷһ塣
ʶⷢʲô飿
Хûж࿴һһֱۣӵתֻʡ
£ֻҲһһʮؽ¸߳ûаҲûаʣ˵ȫʵ
˵ֻʣֻɱҵĶӣͼѪˣһʱǺֱۣ޷¡
ȷֻɱôХûǹһٴȷʵ
û빴֯ˣȻΪ˱ܣͬʱܹ޻ǣֻɱ˹롣ֻʵ˵ͷ
ˣεʣ¾ͽҰɡХصͬʱҲص֯ӿԭԽˣȻ֣
һ仰ȴǳХʱĵķŭϾ·֮ǰԼŮͬҲܵ֯Ϯǲɣβŭ
Х㵽ôХͷβûۿԼһۣһмǱñըˣһȻ˶ԴԼʲô
㣿
ХƳһ۹һһĨЦƾ㻹ʲôʸңһȥ
Х仰һ˵ǹһˣֻʵ˶Ǿ㵲ѣԷһλ𣬾ȻХȻǹ
㸸׹ţҲֻĬĬһĴָХΪǿøӽ
Ҿϲ㸸Ը񣬻ͷҽܽܣϹ޼ҲЦһǱͨӣʵǾý
ֻӺԣҲǺٺһЦԼǿƵģʵҲǳϡ
ɱҵĶӣ㻹ҪҹһŭЦԴ̶ֳô
ʶɱӣХƳһۣɵǷ̵ó֤ݻ֤ˣûоͱ˵һ˵Ķӹ֯壬Ҷûˣ
Хַһ˵ĹûʣһʱҲò֪˵ʲô
ģմ²ôգһһˣĶӹ֯£ɲô򵥾ͽ
ХҲЦҲǻ˻ֵɣҿ㡣
ٴһֱ֣ùһ޿κΣͬʱ֮֮Ҳһ־֣ΪХĻõХһȵĻͻǱִ
ΪХݣʱӼıȻȵĹһЩ̫ϳϣִ治飬һȵ֪ȻǾߡ
ʱ¿ֲͻǱĳ飡˵ʵһµʵҲǲ絽ʱĳʲôͬҲϴ鷳
֮Уĵ˾֯飬һ֯˴ڹĻô¾ԻǾߡ
һ£һɵˣ֪ճˣֻǴԭء
ʱХҲûټһǽ˲ԶսһˣҲɻؿڵǸһôһˣ
£ֻҲЦõؽ˵Ǻκǵ顣


2633 ǿƵХ
ϲģָΪжô
ХҲһ¶ɫֱһֵκʦ
ףôܵߵָ㣿
ԱߵֻʶʱҲüͷߵĵλ󣬱˵ˣǶܹһߣκӵʦ𵽵ʲôͷȻܹǵõߵָ㣿
Ǻܾõˣǰߵһλ£һˣ߿ԵָһҲΪˣ֮ǰκӵ飬Ҳƾһ㣬ڶ೤ϴЭ飬ͽһХҲǵص
ʲôЭ飿ֻʶʱҲȤ
Ǿߵ£ԺҲҲûκιϵХʼһΣѰ·ѡ
ͽܣʦ𡣡ƴʱҲ̾һ
Хʱһ۷ƣɫ֮ƺҲΪȣ´һƣҲΪе˵ͷƶͺ˵۹⣬һֱôĽ
仰֮⣬ףƵʼҲЦЦû˵ʲôԼŵһǿ˵ܹһǶХȾͷ˵㲻ʲô
ˣ¾ôգǼһХҲҡͷһЦӰԭʧ˲䱼һκʦ˽֮
֣ò˵㸸׿湻šϹ޼ɿХıӰҲ̲סһĴָʵ̫ˡ
˵һ֮ϣղҪֵĻǿ˵ǺȻХһ֮εֱӵعһȻһҲǸŭԡ
ǹһϲأȻ޷Ҹ׽֣½֮һȵһЩ˶УһҲǲùˡֻʹһЦɫ֮һ˵ĳ֮⡣
£ҲƳһɫ԰׵ĹһҲǰЦǲûжԷʱȻǼעХӰ
ХӰѾǳ˽ֵķΧ֮ڣֻХХһʱռ䶼˲һ¡
Хƺݺݵǰ֮һ£ֱӵرޱȵ˲Ǵڽս֮е˱Ǳһǿֱӵرֿ
μ
һ֮ͣҲһ±ΪֻʵѾܲˣȻȴǿֻʵЦеһɫǷ֣ԭֵˣȻ
Х˵ͷûжʲô֮ڣ̫ϳȻǵλе⣬ΪΪ·һЩ̫ϳ֮УҲǶģԺܶʱһ̫ϳϿХҲ
ХȻˣ
£ХֵĻκӵʦͬһ㶣ɨӶХ󣬷ֹһ¶һʧģҲһ
¿鷳ˡ
еΨһͷȻһҲˣմʱô˽ˡ
Ǻ⣿
Хǿƣûһʲôǽκʦϣ֮лһɫ
Щϸ˱Ƿ֣һӳеƣʱǷֳ˸£ֱ޷ȣХ̫ǿˣ
ҵͽУʲô˼
£κʦҲһ㶣ǷӦ˹ԼռϷ磬˿ηХ
ǵ͹ХǿƣХҲüͷͽ๼ΪʲôͽҸ
㡭κʦǱò֪˵ʲôãôһ๼ôǲ֪ôȥˡ
ͽһαӦ壬Ϊƾܹס񣿡ֻҲЦص
ͽʶ黹Ҫȥ֤ô۶ܹǲҡХҲκӵʦϻֱӵػ˻֡
˼ܼ򵥣һҹˣҲøҹ
ΧǿһһĿɿڴԭһΪûô׽ķ粨˭õХ֮󣬾ȻǿƵֱ̬ؽˡ
ң˵ǿˣֱκʦ͹һ涼ǳ׵ɨأ
ĪҪ̫ͽô˵ǰֻʵУѵдκӵʦҲָֻʵҿԲ׷Сӱ뽻ң


2634 б£˭Զ
κʦХûжŭһֽ׳յصԣֻҪҳеĺĻ
仰һ¾õκʦһ㶣ͻȻƺԼڣûԷݣֻ֪һֻʵݣǶڷƻϹ޼ɵȴһ֪
˸㣬ʦǽ𣬶ڽˣҲضܣбµĻ˭ԶҲ㡣Х΢΢һĨЦݵ
ֳκʦеʱɫȻҲһ㶣ûõϹ޼ɵݾȻҲ
ݺһʱǿߣȻȴں쳾֮УĵӴ˴ȴǳˣԼҶԽĵ֣
ͷ˲κʦԼǾÿЦЦһ֪Լ֣պҲҲûԼ֮ء
ˣǸһ¡ХƺΪ̲صһˣǺƶ𶼿صˣ״ӣбҲԶһ¡
һǰκʦŴˣһʱ֮䶼ǲ֪˵ˣЩһôһһͷҪһҲˣȻһܹǣƶԶŵĴڣ
ǽ𣬻Ǻ𣬻ƶλǿͷʵһĴڣʮӣҲǶЩͷ
κʦԽ԰׵ɫХҲЦ㣬б£㶯֣Ρ
ХƺϹ޼ҲһۣǿЦãʲôذκʦ𶼸ŵòҶˡ
ʱб˳ĬһЩǿھ֮Ҳǽص˷ƺϹ޼ɵϣһͷȻô
һһƶ˭ǹھһĴڣ
κʦ¾˵ʲôǲ֪ˣֻ㶵ؿŷˣаûڲѣ֪ͷԼͲˮˡ
һӣҲŭǸͽܣôǳ顣
ôΣҪôҪô֣Ҿ㡣
Х̬Ⱥǿƣ˿ûиӣҪôھ͹Ҫôе㵨֡
һӣκӵʦʱõޱȣ˿ΧǿǵȿϷжʱо޴棬ȴûа취ԼĸҶô
һһƶͺ˭ܹġ
գκʦҲҧҧֻϵùһԲֱӵ뿪ɽκεͣ
ϼһģȻӲֻʿԷǱıӰҲǿһЦеıͷų
ϲģֱ֪ӰҼͷӵˣαػô๦򡣡Ϲ޼ҲһЦûϵԼʦ𣬾Ȼ½ӵ
˵ҲûãЩÿǴ˭Ŀ˵˼صҲ˹ؼ㣬Ǳ¶Щˣ»˸ղŵκӵʦҲ˰ݡ
ҪΪ˴ΣХ׿˵κбѹõòʹ˰ݣĻҪôˣҪô͵ڡ
ȻκӵʦҲֻǻܵ
ԱߵһҲһûõӵ飬ȻХ׵ػҲֻ̾Ϣ
ХĿκʦıӰҲҡҡͷһĨӵɫˣⱲӿҲŶΪˣˡ
£ХתһֻʵˣҲǵ˵ͷǿǴľĹһЦߣĪ㻹Դȣ
һһʱõùһعХĻԾشһҲǲŶκεֱͣӵ뿪˴˵ء
ڣڹһУΪͷ۵飬Լӹ֯ǷģһĻҲѲ˸ϵ
棬ҪģĶѾˣΪ˼ΣҪΪ˸𣬶ʱһǹΪ̫ϳϣҲ˿Ӳ
ҲǸʲôʲôȥɽҲûκ塣Х±ɨһǿߣҲҡҡ֣Щ˾ȥ
ЩȻҲһЩϹǶХǿƣҲ޿κΣ֪ıﶼڷƵ˵ϣҲֻա


2635 뿪Լѯ
ʱɽ󲿷˶Ѿѡ뿪ʣµХȻˣǲûͬѡڴ˵أΪûжá
£Ϲ޼ɺͷһ֮󣬾Ҳʱص̤¥סһʱ˵Ͼɽķ粨չ˵ֵĻһЩҪ鷳
Ҫ֪ϣ˵ݣ˶֣Ǳ֮£˵ˣ״ƾбҪǱܿһ·âҲҪһȫĵط顣
ʱ򣬷ȴǵҵֻʣԱҪѯ֮һֱҪѯʵ⣬ǾǷŻʸ˫׵һˡ
֣ôصأֻʲ֪ʲôֻƿԵطŻٶȣХǰƺлҪ˵
и飬ֺܾˣ˽ǰһֱδڡƳһ£Ҳǻؿڵ
ţʲô¾˵֮䣬ʲô˵ʲô𣿡ֻʵҲǹһЦҲЩģʲô飿
ģ˵ȵʥŮĳһλ£ǸǷ㣿ƵҲǿżɽ
ԣֻʶʱһ㶣һֺɵ´һ·ƣʧЦ֣㲻ɣ
ƺص˵ͷҪŪô˵ʸ˫ҲŮˣôܹˣ
Ӧûûҵеô֪ġֻʵҲû뵽ҲǺǺһЦûңȻҲܲˬͷ߾ģҲûа취ı䡣
ֻʵ׿ϣƶʱĸµǵһֻʣǰͻˣŻʸ˫ĺпֻܾʣϾܹϻʸ˫ģҲֻֻˡ
ֻʻһλֳǸ߽һ㲻Ǹйϵģ·Ҳ̾һ
¶ģֻӺԣҲ˲ʲôЦСӲǿʲôʥŮɣ
ֻ˵ҲûеȻδȵĻʸ˫ǶԷҲ½òˣΪҲǲ
ƿЦ¿һǰХıӰҲǿѹ֣ʵʸ˫ҵŮˡ
仰һʱֻ˶Ŀɿڴһֲ˼ŷƣþù䲻رĳһ仰
ȻȵʥŮ㵽ˣ
ֻ˫ɢһֳݵâƺûжصң㵽ôշʥŮģ˵һɽô
ƿֻģʱҲһˣһôֳ̬Լ֮в̫һ
㲻⣿ûͷûԵһ仰
ʲôֻҲԻؿһ۷ƣе㲻ԡ
˫ҪѾҵŮˡ롭غһҲǵ
û£Ҹжǰɣֻʻ˻֣ЦŵһΪ£Ȼʸ˫ŮˣôȻҲǳ
˵ˣұҲǲϲκߵ˼û취ѡֻҲǿЦص
ɡܹжôӺԣֻƺе̫ˡ
ֻԣҲһ㶣Ҳǽüͷ˵û²Լе򵥣Ͼͷ֮ǰž޴档
飬ôΪһ˵Ըܵģ
ȵȣҺúһ£ͷҸһ¡ֻҲӺԣеεصҲǵģ֣Ȼ˫ŮˣҾ;Բֱʧˡ
ֻ˵ƿЦãҲ΢΢һȻŻʸ˫ֻʣĻͺðˡ
ǵ£ֻʻӦԼֻҪֻʲͷҪɹµúѣԼǿʣʱ䣬İ취
֣¶лˡҲϵصͷ˵϶ޱҪģȻֻȴ˵ӦԼʹӦԼ֮Ҳõ÷им
ֵ֮䣬˵Щûãཻ˵һŮˣƾҵİҪҲԣֻʺˬһЦ˿⡣
Ҳ΢΢һЦϲǸֱֹֻཻΪԶڱ㣬ΨˣܹΪ֪


2636 ɱ
ֻŷڱ̸飬ǰХȼ˿˿ز֪飬ȻΪ棬һ֮䵽ʲô飬Ҳ׷ʡ
Х֪Լؾõһ֪ɻʲôӵı顣
̤¥ҲԶˣǳ׵һʱֻҲǸ˵ٶȣؿڵڵĵطѾǾ̤¥û̫ңԶ·̣ԼĪҪʱܹǸϵˡ
Ѿ뿪ɽܹʲôΣաϹ޼ҲЦɽ涼ûܹôȻ·ˣһХ򣬻˭ۣԸǡ
ҲǣǰЩС֮ҲǲҲ΢΢һЦХҲûжĶУô˵ôĵĸס
ˣǻ˵ХҲһ֣˽ܳĺ󱲣ҲǸи֣Ҳҡҡͷûж˵ʲô
״֮£һٶǸ·Ƭ̣ǰһƬǧɽȻֻҪһɽܹ̤¥
ƾٴҲû뵽ȻĻв۵ļһ֡
ڽƬɽʱХɫ΢΢һ䣬üͷҲǽ࣬ƺȥΪãХ̬仯һҲа
Щ˻̫ˣȻĵЩСЦ֮
ХؿڵȻʱķֻʵһۣѾ֪ˣƬɽ֮Уôƽ
Ҳ²Ӧòǹһǡֻʻؿڵ
ٸһʮҲХؿڵҲǱɨһ·ĻɽмЦ֯Щˣ˭ֵӣ
ȻХѾǲ²⵽Ƭɽ֮УҪɱǣͷ֯һȻ
֯Ǹɢԩֻ꣡ҲŭصЩ֯ʵ̫ˣǰ֣֮ͼ֣ȻȴǻҪһ֡
ûв´ĻӦòǰǡ΢΢һ룬Ҳ²ص
Ϊܼ򵥣ΪХĴڣǹһ˶κС˼Ψ֯⣬ǺֻʵǾﷵ̤¥Ȼȴûõһλ̤¥ĻһµĴڣ
ΪʵѾ뿪ɽںһ֪˵֪ХĽ٣ҲֻΪһˣֻˣΨһвҲһ
ʵǡвĿɲֹһһĴڡ
ҲȻǸ񣿡ХԣҲǰ˵ͷ֯Щ֪ҲڵĻԲ˵ؽɱǡ
ȻĻҪɱǣǲһɫǲ̫˼ԱߵֻҲǺٺһЦΨ²ҡ
ţ޳ɣȺһԸϹ޼޽ҲһЦ
ХϸһҲҪԼĶӺŮεܵ֯׷ɱԼΪ׵ģǿӲĶ˻ĻΪηɡ
ǾͼǰߣȺСԶĴХҲһЦҲǹؽϢȥһѰѣȻХαװһΪⲻһͨĻѡ
˭ҲõһȻ
Ȼʱɽ·ȷһھۼţͬʱֻʵһƬɽѾǱˡ
ǳˣȷֻʣ
Ⱥ֮УһˣֻʣҲǳ
ףôǶһˣȻԱҲһע⵽ХĴڣȴǲХ
һѣ޹ҪαҪֻʻɱһҪѷƸȥһƺͷҲǳ
һλѣԸǾؽս˿ĺۼһһﱳɻվŽϲġ
£ȺҲǷ׷׵˵ͷʱؿǽȫں֮Уһ֮˶ͬһʱ˺ɫֻ¶һ˫۾˸ֱ治ǵݡ
֣
һͳ֮󣬶ʱһƬŵɽǶȻرһɼΪǿֱ
ڰ֮еֻʵһۣ΢΢һЦ


2637 ۹˭
Щһǳסˡ
£о·Ʊʱ֮£ֻҲһҲǽͣ
Ҫ֪ǿХôһµĴЩһóȻس֣ѣ
֪ǵµıεؾʡҲ΢΢һЦ˫ֻУ˿ǲż
Ƭ֮ʮɫӰȻش·ɽڿնֱƵߵķЩϵϢǲȻһ󲿷ֶĴڡ
ôһͬХҲǲò̾֯ôĬĬչӵеĵ̣Ѿ˿زͷˡ
ȻһȺ˵ֱӵؾǳ˷Ƶ˵ǰһȺˣû˿ò¶һصֻʱƸߣ
ԣҲЦҡҡͷȺ˼ݣҲã˵ҪԼߵģȻΨ֯ˡ
˭
û̫ľţƷ΢΢һЦֱӵʵ
˭㲻Ҫ֪߾㹻ˣñ֡˵һƺȺ˵죬˵仰ʱҲؿһϹ޼ɣȻ仰Ƕ˵
ɵĿˡ
ں˵вϹ޼һЦֱӵصǸ˶ܹ²⵽֯ģ֣Դ㶺ôҪǣǶ֣
Աߵֻ̲סֱӵһЦˣϹ޼ɵļЦô˼ңҲǾװģû˼ˡ
ʱһ£ֻϹ޼ҲǹСûаǰһȺ˸ڣȻȺеԺˡ
Ҫ֪˵Уͬӵһλʮλ˵һЩλˣһ˵⼸ˣǿҲͬӡ
øǶ˵ϻֱɱֻʣ߷ƣ
£ǸҲ߳ŭֱӵ
ȻʱХȴǻ߶˼˵ǰôһȺˣǺοأװ
һҲҵǰ
һֿһλ˿зǶֻߵвˬ²ñ˶˵ʲôֱӵرǶ֣
һ̣һӰȻ˸ЯŰֱХпʱХ¶Ϣһѣɲʲô
Ȼ˶ֵʱ򣬷ֻʵ˽һۣҡҡͷ¶һֿһⲻѰ·ô
һ̣Х΢΢̧ͷЯƶҲʼȻôҾ·
Ȼ֮£ԭϢΪƽХȻ˫ĿŭɣһɸΪƣޱ޼ʵϯһ㣬ֱӵشͷŶ
һˣûκηӦʱ䣬˾صͷβХûж֣ƾϵȣһλˣ
⡭ôܣ
λôܣ
һӣʱһȺ˶ĿɿڴˣͻȻХĿϢõǶǲ֪ôӦˣ
һȺ֮УȻһλǰ鱨ǲϣ
ô£˵ֻһλô
һ˶ʱҲǷŭһ¿Ǵˣһλ֮⣬Ȼһλ
˵ǽɱǣһͶ
鱨ߣ
£һȺҲ֪Ϊ׵һ˾ȻҲȵطӦ˹ֱӵˣǿԶԸλĴڣȫѹߣ
ϲģȻ鱨ܹΪ׵һһλǼɵؿһ۴ʱХоǲŶͣ
ˣˣʲôط
ХһȺˣҲЦһԼƣ͵ֱӻӹһۿİǶȻشֱ۱
֮ռǱиһ㣬˼ƿƵ˿һ뻡εĿռѺۣȻǻس֡
ֶΡ൱¡Ϲ޼һοֶΣҲ̾
£һƬĲҽϵشʮɢܵʱǱεֱӵи΢һľֱ۱ֱӵطѿһģֱǴи˻أ


2638 һ
һĻ㤵ĳȴڳˣǷǣҲǲòĿɿڴХһ
һȻ˿µЧʵ˾ÿֲ
Х
һͷˣȻ֮ҲϳϢƽˣ˭ղХһֶΣۺ˷֮ſռ֮Ȼ嵱УܹͬʱˣΨһһǾǵХ
һ£һȺĺľǿû뵽Լˣһߵһ壡
ʣһŹ㣡
£һҲǷŭֻʣǵ鱨ֻһλ𣬵ʵȴһͬХµĴڣ
ڶˣҲԶѣ
ʱԹԼܻܲȥХһЦղһ֣ѾǽһȺɱ
ʮǿߣǴʱܹվŵģȴ˵УҲΨһ𾳵΢һ֮⣬Ͻơ
֮£Ǹ޷ټսȥˣʵϣҲͬХ˵ǵΪҪǣܹȥ
Թʵ鱨֮ǰɱ˹룬ȻҲź鷢ûЩ鷢Х϶Ҳǲɽ
νҵıӦ֪Լǻɱ˹룬ӶһЩ֯ľɥڴ˵أ֪Ǻεȵı顣
ˡ
ХؿڣɨһˣֻһܹԼѡɡ
ȻХûдϾɱȻһ֯Ƕ֣嶼ǲŹôΪȻǾʹ˰ݡ
Ҫݺݵط֪岢öԸˣҪصĴۣ
ңХҲԼĴ㣬ܹһڣʱָͽ飬ôܹȥܶ鷳
Х빴ɵʱ˵ʵҲǱһȶǱ͸ˣҪ֪֮еݿǲͣȶˣô˵ˡ
Ҫ˻ᣬݺݵشһ֯ͼпûɵ͸֮ڡ
־ٶνһʯ񣬶һ֯Զ
ХĻʣ˽ӣȻһӳĬڷƵҲ΢΢㵣֮֯ڣҲȫ˶Ĺ
Ҫ֣֯˲ŵİ취һգƣڲˣǿߣ̫֯أڻǰѡǿ϶ѡɡ
ֻʴʱ˷еɻɫҲǲ²⵽룬Ҳʼ򣬸͵
ԭˣܹ֯ҲûǵĵǵϻһЩƣóȻرɵĻôҲҲ˼ص
ţ²û֯ÿڣһֹƣһǱɣôɵߣͿһ֮䣬Զĵطܹͽ˲ֻҲ̾һ
ֹƣ㸸˵Ӧòʲô̫ѵɣһЦҲǿһХıӰ
ţֶΣ϶ܹ׵ؽ֮һڣҲΪ˹ʱǰȥ׼ֻЦŵХĶӣҲܹ׵ز²⵽ХĴ㡣
Хһʣĸ̥˵ʵХôһ𳬼ǿߣȻûκߡ
ҲХֻһڵ˼ǿе֪֯ܣһ˵³ֻҪôҪô
ôƬ֮ХҲǻصɨһȦˣѡ˭ô
仰һ£ʱҲǸԾޱȣǺɹƣһѡ˱ɵĻô³пܱң
Ȼʱһ춸Ȼ̧ͷ˫֮б¶һâһȻضˣĿ겢Хˣ
һȻľٶõ˶ûзӦǾسΪԩ֮꣬ǰҲǲףΪԼܵͬĻɱ
Ƭ֮󣬾ֻʣһվţ˶ˣ˫ֵѪΪһȺΪߵһˣԼŻʸȻҲʱХ̸У
׺ݵֶΡʱХҲǻֵ


2639 ̸
ò˵ⷬٶȷʵס˷ƵˣȻĺתһ룬ҲȻû
ΨҲ̸ܹеʱ
෴һֻɱԼ֮ͬҲغһХϣֻˡ
̸У
Х΢΢شһ£ҲҡҡͷЦҿûд̸С
仰£ʱ˱Ϊ֮һ㶣Ҳ΢΢ŭص֪֪Ź֮ϵͬҲǺܸȤҿԱ֤ЩҶܸ㡣
ԣʱХ˳ĬԷҲǲ֪ХĴ㣬ȻҪĿ׳һʲôܡ
Ͼ֯˵˲֪ܹ꣬ͷȣǶ֯Ϣ˵壬ȣҲû˿֪ˡ
Ϊ̫ˣ֪а֮⣬˵Ǹ֪һᡣ
˵˵ХʱҲȤԷ֪ʲôĻôΪһҲǸѡ
ҽ⿪ڵɹƣҲԷŵص֪Ха취⿪ڵɹƣ˵Ȼû⿪ڵɹơ
ͬΪȻλ𣬵ڵɹƣҪ⿪ҵúķѲٹҿԴӦ㣬ÿ˵Ķֵֵô
ХҲҡҡͷЦһֻʣҲǲеʲô㡣
ԷĬƬ̣ҲҧУҪҽ⿪ɹƣҲܹǸ㣬ĻһҸˣ㲢ҽ⿪ɹƣʱܣ
һ뵽Լһ֯ǵԼҲǶʱоһɲڣû˱Ϊ˽ɵֶΡ
ҾԼ̫ˡХʱȴͻȻЦһƻĺһ㣬ŶԷЦҺףĻûжʱҸн⿪ɹơ
㡭ȻҲСˣ
£һ˱ǱˣһͻȻһ·ԼֻɱԼͬ飬ѾǰԼĺ·͵ˣ
ͬХ֮УѾǼ򵥵̸ˣǶԷԼ
ò˵ХΪˣͬĻҲѰ˲ȣһֶΣƶǰԳܹ̾ΪͷʵûеֶιȻǲܵġ
ҲǸϺ꣬պҪеСĵ㡣ƿһХҲֹȻһ죬ԼҲǲ֪ص棬ǿɾͲˡ
ԣҸĽǣ֪ңº˵ôҲ׵ؿġХҲ΢΢һĨ΢Ц¶һһо˰֮еɫ
ʱֻʵһۣҲʼȻǲ²ⲻХʱд㣬ХٶҲ޷룬ֻԱ߿š
˻棿
쵱Ҳҧŭصгŷŭȴ޿κΣԼ·ѾûˣҪѡͷĻȴĽޱҵ³
ôҲȻǿԱһХЦŵʱԷѾǳ׵صͷôɵһЩ飬Ҳǿ˳شĿе֪
ãҪ֪ʲô
ҪͷҲǲòͷʱԼǲѡͷôò˶ãҪɵ׷ɱˡ
ڻжмХʵҵ˼˵֮ϵǿߡ
ǵƾĻ֯棬½١˵ĻشҲǺֱӣȴ˶Ǻݺݵرһ
ٵХüͷôܣͷµĵ̣Ҳ޷һ㣬ٿ£ҲȻӵ
ԱߵķƵѾǲ֪˵ʲôˣôһ磬νǿƿֲ
жǿԼ֯棬ƺһֶΣǾһЩԲĴֶۣͨΣ֮ڽΪĴ۾ǣԶͣؼ٣
˵ⷬǿʼ¶֯Ϊ֪һ棬ӹŵɳô꣬Ƕɵ飬ȴܹ֪ҲڸоԼƺܹʼ˽ⶼɣȻ


2640 ص
ֶΣ
ХҲ֮ɫֶοǰδţȻǿһ۶ڼ֮ڣѸٵص缸ǲܵ顣
ɵ˵ңԶаҲͨĳطɴѡ
컺صʵ棬ҵλҲĺ
󣬷Ƶ˱˳˼һλ𶼲ĺôԺ󵽣֯ԲǱ濴ȥ򵥡
Хһ룬ͻȻط֣ƺôͷɵ˽Ⲣһϣǲɡ
ôߵҲɡХصԱߵķֻʵһۣҲʼ硣
ѹֵɲѪϴȣʱȲû̫ĶҲһЩܣпܾǵȣԼزɲ򵥶ԸͷŻôһֱûжԸɡֻҲԼ°ɣɷµص
Щֲ룬еңԶˡҡҡͷ֮ҲһЩǣǾ֯аɶô
ʲô֤ݣڹ빴ɵģ
ƺΪ˱ʲôХûм׷ʹɵ飬÷веʧХǷ˼ɵԼԱߣԲû׷ʡ
һֱҰϵĸף֯ضһöӣȷˣֱӵذɱǲǰҵ˹룬˵Ϊ֯ṩ鱨
Ҳǵ̾һ̫ĺӦôŹߣһͲź鷳
ô˵ƵǷ˷ۣʵǸҴ߹밡Ҫֱӻɱ˹룬Ҫ޻ǣҲᷢչز
֮ڣжйϵˣХ΢΢죬ɶȵ͸һһϦ֮£ںܶǰ׼
Ժõ񱻷ֵĹ룬ǱɽһǶѣټ֮ڣȻһˣͬɵĴڣȴ֮ڡ
ƽʱױһ˹ؼʱ̣һܹ𵽵ãǲСˡ
ϵĻô˵㶼аɣХ̲ص˼ԣҪһ
̫¹شһ㣬Ҳδܹܵʵ΢΢ȷɲ׵ؽ
˵ɣҪʲôХҲʼ򣬶Էô˵϶Ϊһ׵ĳ롣
֮뱣֤ҵ䲻ᱻ֯׷ٵҲҧԼóȻؽôХпǲɱԼҲǲԼʱһɵ˷֣³ɾͲˡ
Х΢΢سһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷԣ̫ѣպ֮ڣҲ˸ȡ
ãһڵҽ⿪ɹƾͻύ㡣ʵǲȴһХӦҲҪȵ⿪ɹơ
Хƺ뵽ˣҲЦû⣬һ⣬Ǿǣûжͬ飡
仰һֻҲأ¹ص壬ҲͬܵôҲһΪҪû
Ҳ֪
ǺĻشХʧХüͷ֪ôܡ
˵ǣбȻеģ߲ҸģҲûа취̫ࡣ£˵ĻشҲǺΡ
ˣХһһۣɫóأô˵Ļ֮ڣͬҲŲ֯ӣǲġ
ҲҪһϴХ
ʲôҪûУûеĻͰҽ⿪ɹơʱһҲΪصƺǿ־塣
ȵȣи⡣
ХʶصͷȷͻȻʲôɻʵΪʲôҪ֣һΡ
ɵļƻҲ֪ܵϮȵһЩһҲ޷⣬һΣֻΪ˴ĳˣɱˣ˳ѡ
˵ĻشҲŷһ㶣شе㲻װ·ƱǽüͷһХ¾Ҫ뵽ʲô
ţרΪ˴һˣ²ԣХȻġ


2641 ⿪ɹƣ
ûһǶ֣Ҫɱֻ֮⣬Ҫȥ쵱ҲûκεֱӵָŷƵ
һĻжȻذһһɲڿԼô
ȻХô˵֮ҲǺɵɨһ۷ƣʵΪҪȥ
˵ҪһҪȥһҪڣ
ʱ˿̣˵ХˣֻҲһغɵؿŷƣֻʲû̫࣬ʵѾǲʲô飬֯˺ķѹ׷Ѱ㡣
ƿЦѣѵ˵Լ֪аôһȥƱػ𶯣ʱ˵磬ǣа½Ҳ⡣
Ϊɶʱ嵱УЩ֪ɶпܾа𣬸Ź͵Ļᣬֱӵɳǿ߽壬ϧһдҲҪĨɱɶ
ȺһֱǶ֮£аǶһˣƷȣʱ˵ˣƶźҲ޷ȡ
Х΢΢һ£ʶؾãƵƱһܣܶ˵ʮֵҪȻµѰХҲûֱӵѯʣǵ˵ͷˣʱûˣҿΪ⿪ɹƣͬأϣףպҪ׷ʡ
˼ΪΣҲûκΰ취ֻǵͷӦ
ãһһ£ХҲǵ˵ͷɴص
ţһ̤վХߣʱҲڰ֮У˫գƬ֮ڶȻشݳһ΢Ĳ
ü֮УֳһĨ߲ӡǣŰ쵵ɫХȴ֪Ϊôһӡǣܹ֮ǿߵˡ
ɹƵӡǣһĻ֮֯ڿ϶Ҳܹ֪ʱ»һЩ鷳ֻҲüͷ
ɹƺ鷳Ϲ޼üͷ
һɹƣû㷱Ǹ𾳣ڵɹҲǲ򵥣ҸףҪ⿪ɹƣҲòķһ򡣡ֻҡҡͷ
ʱХҲǻԼƣֻХƳֳһ͵âֱӵӡһ˵Ķͷ֮ϡ
Х£һ˶ȻһɫȻرò԰ޱȣڳʲôΪʹһ㡣
һ̣ıޱȣøоǣʼһЩ߲ʰ쵵磬Щ綼ü֮
ХıޱȣȫעؿԼʼΪڵɹƣȻ֮£Ӻ˵߲ɢһ΢â
ЩâܿһͶХǰ۶һ޴߲ʳӣ
ɹƣ
һĻֻʵɫޱȣϹ޼ɸʶسԼ޽
һǵľٶҲҡҡͷǻ˻֣嶯˴¡
ڿ޴ɫӵĳ֮ХɫҲ΢΢һЦȻˣûа취
ХⷬƺǶž޴߲ʳ˵ȻʱƵȴǺؿһ߲ʳӵͷ­һ˫ȴ˸ֵâ
ߣһ©㣡
һƮ˷ʵȴͨɹ֮еľ޴߲ʳӴݶȻХǿн⿪ɹƣĳһڡ
û취ҪţҲڽܡХһЦɢ˰ɣûа취֯ҡ
ߣɵĶ
Ȼ֮£ҲǱ쳣طŭѾ֪Ѿѡ˱ɣĻХôǰ⿪ɹơ
֮һͷ޴߲ʳҲǶȻرȻҪһֱӵ̵˫ĺˡ
ٺ٣˵ʲôˣţ㱾٣һɵ֡Хƺ֪ʱɹƵ˭ҲǹһЦƶȻһһɸΪǿֱӵػһεķУֱӵϯһ޴߲ʳӣ
꣡
֮ͬռ䶼ǱϢи˵ɹˣ޴߲ʳӰȻر࣡
ҵţХҲˣ
߲ʳӵӰ𽥵رµֻһ߷ŭĻƬ֮һжƮţ߲âҲǻɢ
ʱһü߲֮ӡǣȻҲȻʧ


2642 ûĽ̸
һĻХǳ׵һΪ߲ӡǵʧڵɹҲǳ׵ؽƬ֮ХջƣȻ̬Ϊ˽⿪ɹƣںķѵҲĶࡣ
ڽ⿪ɹ֮Ҳֱӵ˫оԼڵı仯Ҳ΢΢¶һĨ˷ܵɫ
ɹȻ⿪ˣȰ㲻Ҫܵͷܹס޴ȥХҲǵصƳһе˷ܵĺˡ
仰˼ԣʱҸ⿪ɹƣҲ޴ȥܹ֮⣬½Ҳû˿Գ֯ŭ
˱ⷬȻһˮɫЩΣȷҪû뿪ͷΪ⿪ɹƣХЩĴۣ޷׷˵һˡ
ֻҪߣǴʱХҲûκΰ취ʵϵһжХƿ֮УܵĻᣬô
߰ɣһ壬Ȼκΰȫ⡣ХؿһۣҲǻ˻֣˸һȥ
ȻΣǲòͷܻܲ⣬ɵ׷ɱҲܹסԼ
֮һХĴ֮£Ǿظϻ̤¥һ·ˣ˶Ǳ˳Ĭû׷ʲôǷȴء
ΪڣХ϶ѾԼ˲ܣڲ׷ʣŻص̤¥֮׷ʣҪôԣһ⡣
ڷƵ˸ϻ̤¥֮ʣһ֮أȻһȺڸ߸ϵ֮ϣһ߶Ȼ˫
һ˲䣬ϢǶȻشݶ⴦طĿǿߡ
ô£
ߵľٶҲüͷƺе㲻ʵ
Ƿڴ˵صĻǿԺرϳЩ˽֯ˣҿǵݲ͡
ǰȥɱֻʵ˳⡣һλҲǵͳصȻ֮һЩŭ
ʲô⣿ֻ߲һλôͬҲλ𣬻˵İæɱֻʣӦ׾ٵ顣
ʱԱߵһҲǻ˫ü֮һֲŭĸо
ûܹѷƴôЩ֮УΪһȴɴӣ˿͸ģ
ѱɣֻߣХĴڣһХְﰵ⿪ɹƵĿƣҪ׼ˡ
ߵصȻһХĴڣõǵļƻ׵ա
ôܣХôô뿪壬ûκεϢ£Ҳ˾㵵ʵ
Ҫľǣѱĺؼ͡ߵصڿɲ׷˭⣬Ҫ
֪Ĳ٣һѡͶ壬ǵļƻҲʧȥһá긾ŮΪõؿڵ
㵹ûжϵӵˣǰǸȵӣֻҪǽȵӸǾܹʧһҲǿڵǱ䡣
һۣƺҲĬǸ긾ŮǵؿڵȻĻǾͳȵӰɣȻеϧҲûа취
ĵľǣ˭ܹѷƴ
Ȼ֮£һ⣬Ȼ˶ǳĬˣԴӵ²⵽п֪аʱЩһֱҪӷƵĿ׳ϢκΣȴûһܹɹ
ڷӦ֮ڣʵڲУӶְɣΣаɵܣҪҵ䣡
긾ŮҲǻؿڵ֮ҲǳһĨΪܹƴҪϧһдۣΪа𣬶˵ޱȵҪ
ȴ֯һĴڣҲһ޴ܣǾǹڵγΪɣ
Խľ磬Ǿɣ
ţΨаƿܣȴ֮⣬֪һ֪ܣܹصɾɡ
Ǿɡ
һɢ֮أٶ˼ž֮УʱķƸǲ֪֮⣬һſľȻؽӽ
ڣƵѾ˳ػص̤¥֮УȻȴûΪ½ХҪѯˡ


2643 ̸1
ڷ̤¥֮ХǰٺһˣϾĿǰ˵ʲô֣һʱ䣬ǰȥȣҲҪİæ
Ҫʱȥһ״ƺûʲôᣬֻһֱǸڰٺ˺֮Хǰֻŷһ𻽵һ֮У˵Ψֻˡ
ХҲ΢΢̾ϢһȻХҪеŪˣ֯ΪҪԼȥʲôܣһХΪҪ˽顣
Ҳ֪һκΪ¡
ƵϣХûпʲôֱӵؿżɽ
֪֯ΪʲôҪң
ɫƽ˴˶ǴˣЩͲҪתˣҿҪƺ޷Х϶ǶܼΪеȤ
ǵģҺܺ棬ʲôܣɶΪ֮׷ġХһЦƵķӦе⣬ûֱӵװɵ
ֻԱ߳Ĭ֪ԼҲûвĻᣬǣ֯ѾһѰСˣҲǺ֪ڷƵϣʲô
˵֮ǰм£ϣܹӦ
ƳĬһ£Ƭ֮ǻ̧ͷХ
ŷ˵ХʱˣҲҡҡͷΪڽô
ȻǣֻһѣƺҲûлƲ÷صҪХȡֻŻʸ˫֮
ΪԼ֪һЩ鶼˵Ҳûȫ˵Ͼɶ˵ͬҲǺҪһɶаϢɢȥǴ
Ŷ˵˵ХȻ¶˸ȤɫҲǽ˷Ƶϣȴ˵
ȡ֮ƵؿڵԱߵֻȴһûƻֱӵ
ơֻ죬ƺҪ˵ʲôû˵Ϊ֪˵ʲôá
ν
ȻХڷĪо˼飬ڻع֮ҲҡҡͷŷƵ֪һͷ˵ʲôôȡһ벻ʲôܹкôĵط
ХɷƵ˺Ƿѽ⣬Ƕ˵󼸺ǲܵ飬ǰ϶飬ôܻΪƵһ仰ı䡣
ʸ˫ѾҵŮˣ᲻ֻȢš
ХķӦûиоκ⣬Ͼ϶ǲĵģǱˣХݲһףֻʵĸס
û˻⿴ԼĶȡһ˵ŮˣȻ˵ɻһǳ˵顣
Хɫ仰е𾪣Ҳǵʸ˫Ůˣƾһ仰Ҿô
ԲţҲԲȡʱŪ廹ðӡ
Х֮ЩԾζ·ƵҲ𽥵رñ仰ͬһöըõֻХ˶ǱݺݵһΡ
ܳǣʸ˫Ȼ㡭ֻڷӦ֮Ҳûȴ¶һּΪɫ̲סһĴָơ
ֻ˵ԼҲǲϲȻǰһֱŻʸ˫òȴûȻҲûжоʱȴڷƵĿ˵飬ʱ÷ƿɲΪ椵ĹҲһ
ʸ˫˭ȵʥŮ粻֪жԸݵʯȹ֮£ǾŻʸ˫Įûܹۣȴһ飬Ϣ֮䣬ȵʥŮǱƵˡ
˵仰֪ж
Хɫŵγˮͬʱݺݵصһֻʣû£졣
ֻʿԼģҲʼҲûм˵ʲôֻȴɸͶȥһţƵɫ
ȻӵֱֻХ˫ҼȻ㣬Ҳ˵ȥϾ´ȥҲŶ档
ŷ仰£ʱХҲǳûƢȷͷ飬Ȼûͨ£Ǵ󲿷ǿǰʲôܡ


2644 ̸2
һȵʥŮѾ֮һҪ޸壬һȥ϶ܵʧͬģҲ⡣
˵ģȻǲûʶӭȢʸ˫
þùХڳĬƬҲǻصȻǲԼĶӭȢʸ˫
ûҪƭ㣬ƭҲûкôʼХ֮Ѿǲ²⵽˶Էʱĵ뷨Ҳ˱
ҿԴӦ㣬һܹɹ
Ƭ֮ƺǾ˼ǣХҲ̾һ֮ҲǳΣϾǣͷȻȨȴߡ
Ƶ˵ͷʾ⣬ֻҪХܾĻôͺðˣܹ֯ͷûô˳
ҲǸңϵʲôܡ
ХعҲǵصƵѾ˵˳ôҲӦǷư֪Ҳ˵ˡ
ܼ򵥣֪а𡣡
ʼشô˵ģû˵֪˭аĿΪһ˵©˰Ǿ͵ǰɶƵ˵ǰ
Ǹʱ򣬻ᷢʲô飬˭Ҳ벻
ʲôа𣡣
һ£ХֻʶǵɴԼ˫ۣа𣡵֣˱¶㹻ľ㵣
ȻаХδ뵽þùХغһƽһԼ֮е𺳡
µ棡
ХĺǱü࣬Ͼа𲻽Ƕ˵Ҫͷ֮ˣҲǶаʮֵؼɵ
ҪǼٵģ֯׷ɱôӺԣԼ˵ѶɫˣͺһԼˡ
ôܣаںܾ֮ǰѾǳ׵ʧ磬ܹѰҵټ㡭ôܹ
ֻʴʱҲǷӦ˹ʹҡҡͷһֲ˼аʧ֮֮кܶ˶ΪѾˣʱƣͷҲǲòţа顣
Ͼаʧ̫ˣõʱδֹ
ûмʬ壬ǵȼĴڣô˵أҲҡҡͷһָĪ˲²ⲻ͸˵ĵǼ١
￴ģ
֪֮£Хʮֵؼ٣ͬҲǺ֪а䣬ϢܶȻ˵ǼΪҪ
ڵаһ֮ƷȣаٶȳֵĻʣ˭ֹܹ
һ硣ƵĻشХֻһ㶣׷˵ʲô
ʲô˼Хüͷһ磿
˵ɣʸ˫׷ɱһΣһҲ໥ƴȴΪ̫磬ֱӵ˺˿ռ䣬Ӷõǽһȫµ磬ҲǺƶڵ硣غһڴ֮ǰӦХʡ
˵Щ֮Уټ٣УΪҪһǣԲХˣɶпܾа顣
ںδ
Х΢΢һ㶣Ȼǣµ磬ҲȻƶ뿪ͷ֮ҲǶùܶѰǣն޹ȥһΪ֪硣
ͲˣϾʱҲ֪аϢ֪֮֯Ҳǵͨʲô֪Ǹ顣һɫ
ʱ֮£Х˳Ĭ֮УϢ¹ش󣬾С£а𻹻ţͷ˵һϢ
ѹ֯ԾҲźܴĹϵֻԱ߻ص֪ˣΪ֯һֱ׷Ҷ಻š
һ֪֯а䣬ǵʱаͻع֯ͷ˵쳣Ͼĳ
˼˵апǸ磿ХȻ̧ͷúɻ
һҴǸ֮ʣźƶһȥģҲǲ֪Ͼʵôֲû˿̾һεصҪģ˭Ҳ֪а𡣡
ХŷƵĻش˳˼֮У·ͬСɡ


2645 
þùХǴӳ˼֮лعôӷƿ˵£еˣ޷ĳ̶ȣΨ߲ſԡ
ɣ̤¥Ϣ죬Ҫһ塣
Хһ۷ƣҲǲҲɣĲҪ㣬֮һûʱһȥһȡ
ţҲҪȥȣƶʱһ㶣е㲻ԵؿһХȥȣôʲôϵ
һȥȣҪΪ˹飬Ȼʱ֯ǸΪ֤ǻ㹻˵ʱһȥĻԵø˵ХҲ·ʲôͷҲֱӵؽ͵
ȻХ˵Ҳǵ˵ͷҲǴ̤¥һʱ䣬Ͼɽ֮иǽûã¹˶ã綼֪Լ֮£һ֯ʱ޿̵ĵǣóȻسֵĻµһ鷳
ԾͲ飬Ƿܹ飬ӶͻƵ
һ뵽Լ飬о΢ֻҪԼͻƵôһΣԴһĴڣԼ޻֮ˡ
£ڽһ̸֮ХҲæظϻ壬֪ˣҲȻΪ֮
ֻХ뿪֮Ҳһۣʼ򣬷ɫеԥҪȥһģܲ˼ڣϾ֮Ĺϵڻû˵
ң֮£ֻ֪֪һ᲻ᱩߣǰ鿴ֻ֪ʺ簮ġ
ŶˣȥҵðɣʱӦˣ̫żûüȥһ
ҵǣʱֻ͵һԼԴҲˣ±ŤͷŷƵôҪһô
ԣ˫۶ʱһаһȻʶʱ񰡣ԼҪʲôһҪԼȥʲô׵֪
·ҲûнԼı¶ô˷ܣǼװһɫƬ֮ǵ˵ͷãǾȥһ
߰ɣÿò˿ǻʸ˫ӴֻЦеصԼҵǸãɫ֮һ˵Ժ
㣬ô⡣ֻҲƳһ۷ƺߺߵص
ԣɫƽȴǶȤζһصҪ֪úҵĹϵ㻹ĺ쳾Ҹɺüô
ȻֻҲֻѣһֻ֪֮еĲѰϵ»ûᱩߡ
ֻʵĴ֮£Ҳֱӵߵһ¥֮У¥Ȼǵ˻Եһ¥Ĵʱһ¥֮ˡ
ǿ¥ֻʶʱһö˵±ͣٶ£ʶ̧ͷҲǲһ㶡
ӳ֮еǣһɫ۵Ůӣ¥棬һһ̴㣬һβңöŮӵвϲ֮仺ɢ
״ֻ̬ʿһĻҲص˵ͷĵ˻̶ָȳԼԤϣҲһϢ
ǣӣӦ䡣Ҳǻصʱ˿̸ٵģȥһӣӦ̻
ô˵Ҳãٴξ㣬ע⡣ֻʿ˳ԼãҲǵһЦ
߰ɣֹͣˡưֻһۣҲǴߴٵصΪʱ¥֮еģȻҲǲƵĴڣȻֹ
ĶȻվһϤӣȻδȴһֱԼԺ֮л֮ȥ
ǰһʱ䣬ԼյиϢһȥԼģ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼܵɵİɱǲɥ
ȴѹʱҽһһʮؽҲ֪ƾȻҲǻԵɺ֮£̤¥ΪԼˣʧ˼Ļᡣ
£ٶȳ֣ܹ
ĺܿ侲ΪڷԱߣԼǸ磬΢ĥһ£ҲԼز²⵽Ӧûа֮˵Ҳ˵¿Լ¶ɫȻõֻʲԾе㲻ˡ
뵽Ҳغһ׵ؽԼĵļ»صһ侲ǵģ
˻䣬ת߽¥֮УȻԼ뵽ƣĲ֪Ҳࡣ


2646 üĿ
ڽ¥֮ҲǾ֮ϣڵȴš
ȻƬ֮һˬʵЦǴ¥İ
ٺ٣ҵĺã㿵úܿ졣
϶ֻһﴫδѵֻ֮ŷƵӰҲǻس¥֮䡣
磬ôҺòӡǳЦӶǵССľѣȥΪˡ
ôأ㿴һôֻʳ֮󣬿һĵɫҲص˵ͷĵɫã˿ǿ˵ˡ
ޣô˵һǱȥ̸ˣü΢΢һҲƳһֻЦ
ڼ䣬ĵ߲źۼؿһ۷ƣͬʱƵҲ֮ӣصһͷ촽΢һ¡
粻֪ʶ
Ƿһ֮Ĵֻʸ֪ǰһ仰֮Уܹ֪Լôˡ
£ҲǼװؿֻķƣһΪ磬һλǣ
ֻȻûлɵ֮ѾǽйҲЦЦǷƣҵһֵܣ׼һء
ãġĶʱǳЦһ˫֮ȴ¶һֻͷƲܶЦ⡣
ҲסԼеЦ⣬ĵ˵ͷЦСĴһȻ鴫
磬ڱ˱˵һˣϵľǰһֻʣ¶һСŮ̬õ÷ƶеʧ
ôأ㶼ֻʵҡͷҲɫʵôˣ
һкãҽǰ˵ˣٹһʱܹ׵ػָˡ磬Ҳûжص
ţͺãɣһһҪ֪Ȼ˶ҶֻȷԼûʲô֢֮֮еһʯͷҲǳ׵ط
ɣǲһֱԸȵôôһξȻ嶼ҪԸˣ£˵£ĵɫ΢
֪֮һεе׶Żȥˣƽ˶ˡֻ̾
Ҳ£˵ǵֲҵȲġĶʱҲǷ˷ۣȻԼĶ硣
ȷǲ£ˣûʲô⣬ǾͼɣˡֻʵҲǻ˻֣˴ǰҪһģȷ϶Էûʲô⣬ôҲǲٶļ
ĵ˵ͷҲǲźۼضŷʹһɫ֮󣬷ᣬͬص˵ͷ˱ֱӵ뿪һ¥
ôûƭɣҵҲǲġֻڳ¥֮ҲΪص
ţͦġЦЦֻʾϲɪ˵ʵĵȷǲ
ٺ٣Ҫһ̫ˣ˵׼øءֻͻȻ뵽ʲôҲǺٺٵһЦ
ԣʱҲǷ˷ۣԼﻨˣ˵ˣҲòܣ͸һˡ
ҪСĵذȵʥŮǸƵˣ˵һῼ÷򣬵ʱúҶ硣ֻҲ̵صҲûصһҲǲףʥŮҵδޣҪȻ綪˾Ͷˡ
ֻֻⷬǿЦѣҲ֪ôͣһҲҺֻʲƽϣΪǵĽ㹻ˣʱֱӷˡ
ˣ⼸ʲô㣿
ţֻʱͻȻʵ
һ£ҲǽԼĴ˵Ҳûʲô㸸ײ˵Ҫҵô⼸죬Ҫһ飬ܲܳûͻơ
һͻƣӦþ˰ɡֻҲƫͷ
ص˵ͷ̶֮˵ΪǴȵˣȴǿһؿ֮ϡ
ֻҪһؿԼܹӴ۾֮ȥӶΪһҪֻ֪ҪһΪôǿ֮޵еĴڣ
һЩĴڣαĴڣܻ޷ƥ֮⣬ǴȴڣֻҪͻƣΪһս֮˴ҲʩչöԷûκΰ취
ڻ̶֮УԼҲֻܹǿѹƶԷĿռ֮ղΨͻƵ֮󣬲ܹĿ⣡


2647 ҹ
뵽һ㣬ҲгڴԼϵ飬Ǵм
ɣҸطȥչ顣Ҳغһ²˳٣ͻƵԼҲżĺô
УϹ޼ǼһҲǱչȥˣǶȥչذɣһҪоһ»񣬵źεֻ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷ
£ֻʵĴ֮£Ʊһľ¥һ¥Ȼϴη̤¥һ¥
һΣͬûκεĻѲߣȻ飬Ҳһĵط
ֻʰѷƴطҲȥϾҲҪ˽һԼڵĻ񣬵źε˲֮
ĿֻʵȥҲǾڷ֮Уûʼ飬һ״̬
ʱ㻺عȥҹĻ֮ʣҲǶȻ˫һ̣شӵվۣ˵ӰƮƮȥ
Ҫû֮ǰɻһҪǾǰȥġ
֮Լǵ֮£ĽѾǿ˵һУҲ֪ĵ˼ǣ֮ʣ÷
һӰϵ̤¥֮˸ţǷƣհԼ·ߣѰڵһ¥
һ·Ҳ˲ѲߵĻŷƵֶΣҪǻǷǳףϾ̤¥֮ڵ󲿷ֶǴ۾ѡ
ֻʣҲǲ²ŶԷʱӦĳһطоŻȻϾˡ
ƵӰںҹ֮мٵǰȻܿĶ߱ǳһֵö·ƵҲ΢΢һЦ
رϳȻڵ࣬ҲѭķҲֱӵѸٸϹȥ
ʱ¥УһϮۣҹششݳȥĵԱߣһŮԱźš
ǲʲôָȻͦҲ΢΢˻֣Ů°ɣԸ˲

ŮȻһ㶣ΪҪ˵ֵҪ󣬲»ع֮Ҳǵͷ˺Ҳ˳¥
ڸܵ¥֮ڣȷʵû˵ĴڣǳЦţ¶˵Сѣصûˣ
һҹᴵĵһͷشţһһӰǶȻسĵıֱӵرסġ
ϤζĵһӾ̱ű߽ʵҲǿֱۻģ˾ӵԡ
һ֮־ñطգõĲǿڴƣһξһˣ֮˾ͻʧ
ɺã
գƻǻؿڣּžĶȻؾѹ֪һ̲λãԼҹ˼֮ˣǳԼǰ
˼ĳˣͦõġǳЦüųԵ֮⡣
ҲȲѰƸ̾ЦЩ飬ԼǰǺõֻ˵һζ׽Ū
ߣ˼˵δŶϢγ˵ɣļҹĴʱ¶һСŮֱ̬ӵذһ۷Ƶ
УҪһôƵ¾ǺٺһЦıѩǲ²ⲻ͸롣
ҪæһŲǳ磬˵ڰ½Ⱥ֪
㵨ͦȵĹһǷųԣ˵磬âĳ֣Ҳ׷ɱ㣿Ц
ϼһѱĻпչҡҲҡҡͷⶼ֮ǰˣںĽ֮ʣҪ֮£ȵҲԲ׷֮¡
˵ɣ˴ΪǰҲһԼ߾ʾǰǰ˿ûмɵ
һµģҲˣҲûʲô¡ЦҡҡͷģҲΪ˴̽Żʸ˫֮Լ˭ҲֻʣȻҲǲҪİæˡ
˼˵ҪҵİæͲˣĵ¾Ǻɵصһ۷ƣ֮ҲЩ
ôأһ̤¥ʱҲպ˻ԣⲻǺ㱨ȥôʱٴҲֻ֪˵ҲֻӲͷƤ˻⡣


2648 ̸
ߣΪҲ֪ǹȥɽΪıѡƭҲǰһ۷ƣ¶һЦеɫ
ڴˣҲֻεһЦֻǼӵš
㻹û˵ʲô£ҲǼǰһ⣬Ų׵رɻȥ
ȿȣΪ¡
ƿ޷ҲֻӲͷƤ
ʸ˫
£ϣĶʱǲˣֱӵ˷ƵĻתŷƵҲӲˣ
ֱ仯ҲֻǿЦѣεһЦ鲻򵥡
ߣ򵥣ѵ˵ôı죬ɫ֮ƺе㲻ˣҲǶһתơ
ҲӺԣŮ˷ƢǺ޵ԣ·Ҳֱӵǿбĵҽ͡
ҪʲôѹƣֱӵصҪ˵Ϊ˻ʸ˫ǰ˵ҶȡԼô
ƿЦ˵ͷʵ˴㣬һЩѣҵǣХѾȡԼͷڽΣÿǺķչ
а㣬δȵʥŮϢرƵˡĴʱΪˬȻ֪ѾŲٺ֪Ǵ֪ʸ˫ҲŷȾʱǾĪĲˬ
⡭ƿЦѵҪѻʸ˫ĶӶ˵ô˵ĵ¾ǻֱӵرߡ
£Ҳǲ֪֪˵ʲôοˣŮ˵ԣڶʼˣ·ƿǶ˵ıӰҲһᣬֱӵرġ
ååҪʲô֣ҲһӦ֮ʣҲĴŷƵҪơ
ϧһ仰˵ֱӵתıŽ¥֮Уǿȥʼ֮ʣĻǴŵִڷƵ촽ϵʴ֮£ĵҲ𽥵ڻһ㡣
˫ֱӵرŷƵĲ˶Ƿصϧ˿ܣֱĵ֮ϻš
ŷƵƻ˵嶼زţ΢΢ط죬ûмǽƱĸ
һĻҲһػĵǰֱӵһסǰ˵˫壬ʱ֮ǰһоҲʶ롣һ¡
ƺһãƵĺҲǶȻرûһֻ͵ֱӵһ
˻
һϸ΢ҲǺһֻҲʱǱ¶˿֮С
½ưɣҲ뱻֪ĺ˺Ҳǵ૵ص
ƺٺһЦҲִһռ֮һƬ¥Ҳ˷ƵĽ֮УԼǴ͸ȥ
һˣȻҲܹһʱܵõ
ЦЦ˵ʱҲֱӵٶȥʱ¥֮УģӰֱĵĹ뷿֮С
һҹ黯һ֮¥УҲ˷Ƶ֮ϣͬһֱ˳С
Ƹһͷ˿ļ֮ϣΪٵĺɫӡⶼĵĽ
åĵָܷܷϵڷƵŻԲȦҲϸص
ƺٺһЦȻıڸס壬һסΪĵطϵදš
å㻹ĿֶҲʶؽߵ
ˣٴζƹһЦ
쵰ס֣˵ءķƵƣֹϸңô
ⷬʱ֮£Ҳһ£ҲӺԣĸҼˣоô׽޸ҡ
ȥ˭Ҫ޸㡣£ҲƲƬ֮Ҳ죬ô죿
е㼬֣һͷ˵˵飬ܲ㸸װ޸ҵˡͻȻһͷҲǵ
˭أûôסҲҡҡͷ
ֻҪԵʵûʲôѿԡغһͻȻ뵽ԼͻƵӶХ˿ԼǱúǰ˵һӦҲвٵĻᡣ


2649 
һɽ֮󣬷Ҳûô˵Ҳ̤¥˼ҵĵ̣̫ʱҲδ˵ĲɣȻȷǷ˲Ƶټ
һ֮󣬱ʰȻȥڴߣŷȥıӰɫĪе㰧Թ
ƼûתȻҲܹоԹ񣬲ȴûлͷֱӵתȥ
ڻصԼһ¥֮УƲһеȫȥȥ֮ڵϣӻͳ顣
鱻óʱ֮ⷿҲǱһʵâţԼطЩХ֮
ǰ飬ӺԣҲûףô
СΣô
֮кСε֣ҪѯֵǣԴӻ̶һ֮ƾôǺСΣ޷֮ϵ
˵СѾǳΪһ֣⣬ƫƫھ÷ưٰΡ
£С޹֮󣬷ҲǾؿԼе飬Ժ˼鵽Ǹ
һͷǰһڵİȻУֱӵؽ鶼ǰţҪְͨ취ֱӵ顣
ȻһĻȴȻطˡ
ǿưŵ飬ʱ֮£ЩԭȭͷС飬ʱȴǰ֣ʼ𽥵ڻ
Ӧ˵ڻ˷۶֮УһĻҲǶȻһ㶣Ȼǲ֪ʲô飬ǰȻƺͻԡ
ĪǿҲֹţҲǱ˫ר־ؿԼڵ
ʱ֮ȷڻţȴһּΪٶȣ֮еûֱӵططƵڣǲϵš
Ʋ֪ԼٶǷȷʶôˣΪҲǸоõƺ𽥵ԼΪһ塣
ȻûȫǷҲܹܵõƺڻԼڵľҲǿʼŹ
Ҫ֪ľǱ֮ڻ˾ĹȻ֮һ˵ϵ
ѵҪ֮ˣܹ飿
Ȼ֮䣬ƵԺҲôһͷ飬֮ڻ̶֮УȻϵѰˣǵõ飬Ҳûа취
Ϊǵûо֮Ĵһλ̶֮˵ΨһԵ飬ڤڤ֮УҲһ⡣
ʱؿǣڷ۶ԽԽӴΪһҲ𽥵رóŹ
Ϣϵس֣ŷƵƶ裬һۿȥΪڷƵ棬Сڷ衣
سԼĪʱνûȫرȭͷС飬ʱԼĪʣһ롣
ƻ˫ԼлԭһС飬ҲǳһҲǼؽֿĹ̡
ܿľЩ֣ڻĹ֮УɫȻһ䣬ֱӵ˫עԼ֮е飡
֮ڣвʶ
ҲһղžȻǴ֮ڣЩʶǲӰ쵽ԼʱĹȥƵɫҲԽԽء
һȻش̤¥ţ
һХطϹ޼ֻʽͬһʱ˫ĿһķҲֹһ£ٶȱ˫
ߣʶҲͼ᣿
ƶȻŭȵղһͻȻس֣ԺҲǶȻشһִʹĸоʧأҲ׵õ֮ǰǰµĲʶҪжᡣ
Ȼ޾壬⻻ˣҲǻܵӰ죬ûбɹҲ޷ˡ
ƿɲһԺ棬Ϊ̥ĴڣѰ޷κӰ죬ڷӦ֮󣬷ҲǿʼֶΣ׵ѹ֮ʶ
Ҿ֪ôܹ飬⣬Ҳã·صһɣֱӵһ


2650 
ڷֵһ˲䣬һŰҲʧȥ˿һ㣬ϵطţó״Լ֮л
ߣҵҪʲôֶΡЦ˫ֺʮӡϵ仯ţӡ仯ǰһٶҲԽԽƵ
עǰһŷ֪Ҫ׵ڻԼ֮УͱҪ׵ؽ̺Ĳʶ
ɣҵҪж͡صҲǶǰŷ
Ǽ䣬ǲϣһŷ֮дĲһ̣һţ֮£ûΪһģֱӵسһ֮С
ǰһĻı仯ɫƽǰһͷ­Ҳ𽥵سͣǣͷ­˫ȴǳźɫ
׵سͣҲǲϣһǰδеİϢ䣬̤¥֮ڵһЩǿҲǱϢ
ţǼһڸʲô൱֮硣һ֮УֻҲٴε˫ص
ȶ̤¥֮Уûǰȥһ̽ΪֻǰǷԸ﷢ʲô飬ǿ
˭ƿǰһ۶ɵҲüͷʶؿʵ
ȻӦȴǲϵظܵǰһ۶ɵƺ⡣
ҲǲѾĹͨҲˡҡҡͷҲ˫ֶȻٶȺʮ仯һµӡ
ɢ
һ֮£Ƶ˫Ȼرâֱһ֮ϣǼ䣬һȻػƬ
Ӧ֮ô˵Լ֮ûа취ƵĻñ֪˶Цô
ȫɢһ֮ǰ۶ɵȻҲ޷ټţŷôһ֣̺֮ĲʶҲǳ׵ر
Ƭ֮һ۰Сӣ˷ƵǰһΣһӱǴޱȣûκεʲС
ƻ̯ƣӱԶػص֮Уӣ΢΢
飬Թ飡
Ŵʱ飬΢΢ر˫һΣʲôһ۰С飬ֱӵػҺҺһΪ㣬Ӷռȫ
Ƭ֮󣬷ǱҺ御ذţȥʮֵع졣
ǷȴûиܵЩףֱ仯˶һּž⾳֮УЩҺڽȫ֮ʣҲǿʼͨë׾ؽԼ֮С
Ǽ䣬һʼ壬࣬Ĺľǿʼһǰδеɱ䣡
ɱоЩϤĸоϴԼյ֮֮ʱеĴһģһֻһδøӵĳף
Ȼ飬ҾܹûͻƵ
·ҲһϲԼı仯ȻҲǺֻҪһԼĴôһĹؿǳ׵ʧ
ǸʱȻҲǳɾϵ֮
ţҲغһΪ˷ֹҲԼ񣬳׵רĹ۲ԼĴ仯̡
ʱ֮УѾǽؽľ֮УʼǴȫԼ֮УƿʼоЩʹдݿ
εȵذԵǾ֮Ĵо̺֮ʼ𽥵سܲס
ܿ죬ƵɫǱͨޱȣҧأ֮дݶʹֱĳ̶ȡ
ǵʹ࣬ǵͬ÷ƸһɱḶ́ŵѪҺҲϳ֮£øΪǿ
ֱ仯ƲûǷߵٶڵϣĬĬţԼͻƵĹؼʱ̣ȥˣôܹɱӶ֮С
ԣڷǰΨһѡǾǼȥڴʹ޷ܣҲҪȥ


2651 ɱ
֮£ǿɱʹ࣬ɱʹ࣬Ѿǳܹ̫ˣӵһСС֮壬ɳ־磬ûһβǾʹ֮ɱ
ʱڷƵڴ˸֨֨ڹͷѵ̺İ羫᳹׵嶼ǲɱ䡣
̥ǣȻʱ򣬷ƶȻزԼڵľҲǷ˱仯һˮɵľת͸ȥ֮Ƿ
顭
в첻ѣΪֱ仯֮£Լľøӵؼ̣ǿԳܸӴ
Ȼɱ仹ԶԶûнһʹȫţɱͬʱȫĹҲ֮£˱仯
ԭڽɫĹȥޱȣ֮£Ȼ𽥵߽⣬ڹ߽һ˲䣬߽Ĺ
˵ȫжٹһҲ䲻壬˵һҪȫֱ̼һ尾
ƵɫҲǱԽԽʹָ࣬оֱʹץ񣬴ʱƵҲ鲼Ѫë֮вϵر˿˿Ѫ

һŭ֮£̲סڴʹУΪ֮Хһʱ̤¥
ڱչ֮еֻϹ޼һҲǱƬ֮ӰȻس˷ڵ¥ǰ˽ɫصؿš
飿Ϲ޼ɳʵо¥֮У̺һɼΪµĳ̶ȣ֮С
ֻʵ˵ͷ¶֮ɫȶ磬ҲδǳֹԷḶ́û˿԰
仰̤֮¥֮ڵǿҲǷ׷׵رǳڴ˵أҲǱǰһۣɵ΢΢üͷ
СڸʲôʱҽҲԼĺ
£ֻҲظ飬ǽͻƾ硣
СͻƣҽԣʱҲһ£¶֮ɫ
ţӦǵģ֮ʹͻƵıԵһ飬ȻǿԳֻ֮Ҳǵ˵ͷеɵؿһҽΪŵɫ
뿪̤¥죬Ҫ죡ҽҲɫüΪأֻʵ˵زٶҪ֪һͻƵȻǴ
Ǵѡ̤¥ĽӦûܹܵסֻʵˣҲǻ˻֣ûжҽ˵Ļ
ҽԣʱǿЦãҡҡͷ㻹һô
ֻͣʶʱһ£ºʲôһҲ̲ס֣XXǸһӵǴ֮
ʱֻʷӦҲǿЦãˣƵϿǴ֤֮ţһһҪǴȻƷĴڣǴһô
뿪̤¥Ͻġ
ֻҲǷӦ˹¶һεɫ÷ƴǴ̤¥û˲ҪҪܵʲô⣬ӿɾʹˡ
Ҫ֪һǴķΧ֮ڣˣⲻܵ˺ͬɹǴһҲܸΪµǴ֮
£ֻʵķԸ֮£̤¥ǿ߽Ƿ׷׳룬һʱ֮䣬ͬǵǿ߶ɻѵؿŴ̤¥֮һһֵǿߡ
ô£̤¥ǿôǳˣ
öˣô£
̤¥֮еǿ𽥵س֣ҲõҲ˻֮УΪҪʲô£̤¥Щǿڳ֮󣬲ûʲôٶһһ¶ĵɫ
˵һܹɹǴôϹ޼Ҳͷʵ
Ӧÿ԰ɣȻѡ˳磬ŰնԸǴֻʵҲʼ򣬵ǸһƿǴ֮ضԸǴҲһףǵǲڹĵġ
Ϲ޼ɺֻ֮ĶԻȴûз֣ĵüͷȴһֱţʱʱһĨǵɫ
̤¥֮ڵĶƿȫʱھɱḶ́һʱ䣬ȫĹɱѾһ㣬ЩɱĹʱҲˮһ㣬ͨͨ
Ƿƿظ֮ܵڵĹȴһ󵭵ţЩƣոɱĹøӵؼ̣
ңɱĹ֮УҲǲɱԼĺô


2652 ɱ
飬缸ûж˽ȴ֮ڣ̺һ塣
˵飬ܹò
һ㣬Ʋ÷ûжֻǺ֪Լʱ֮ǲһߡ
κ֮Ѿǽһƿ޷ٽͻƣ֣ȴ÷ƿϣ
֮û飬̺֮ȴǿ
ͺ״ֻҪһڵɱɣôʣµ㹻֧г
ۿԼѾһĴǿʹ֮࣬Ҳ¶һ˷ܣֻҪԼǼһʱ䣬ɱ佫ǳ׵ɣôǿ԰ĵس
̺֮İسϣĿǰĳ̶ƺ鲻ǿɱ䣬ǴʱҲܹһЩá
ԼͻʱǴҲЩǣΪԼǰεǴ֪ԼһᴥǴǺεȵĿֲ
һλٶע⵽ԼĴڣʱ˭Ҳᷢʲô飬µƣҪøǿôҪн
ҪԿµǴҲ޾塣
ʱƣܵʹѾ˽ӽľʹ࣬߹Ҳǲǰǰ޷ܣ𽥵ؽܣɱ䡣
ʱһʱʱ
ʱ㻺ȥȻƴʱɱҲ𽥵ص˹ؼʱ̣ĹѾǾɱ䣬ôֻҪٶƶ֮УܹǴǴˣ
һǴôƽκ·ҪôɹǴҪôǴ֮лٻң
ʱƵҲǳֹһ˿ҡ֮´ǴǱúΣգԼɹǴûжİա
ƵԺ֮ྰʶڵǴһˣ󣬻壬ˣ
뵽һ㣬ƶȻ˫һرʱڵϢһس̤¥֮ڵĿռ䶼λһ
Ѿ뿪̤¥ڶǿߣҲܹܵ˴ʱڵϢʱΪ֮һ׷¶ľݣϢʵ̫ˣ
СӹȻǽ֮ǰĶѾֱˡֻ΢΢һЦҲҡҡͷʵ͸ͻΪȴ˸о˵ز˼飬ϢȽĴڣҲΪ֮ɵ
ÿµĲǴ֮ʣҲǸӵԽܰɡϹ޼Ҳ̾Ǿ˵ԼеĽ
û統УжһǷǱʱøΪǿ֮ʣܶʱͨǴжϡ
Ʒƴʱȱ֣Ժ󾿾ᵽʲô磬֪Ϲ޼޷֮ء
ϧˣǰ½֮ˡ
þ֮£ֻͻȻصһ䣬Ϲ޼ҲǳĬûȻȴǰ½֮ˣ硣
Ȼڴӹе𣬶ǵ֮У½Ȼв֮ӣǵǱȸǿ߿£ȴԶ޷
ǰ½֮˵յ㣬һħһ㣬ѾǧĴڣ˵ûа½˳ɾ͹
Ҳ˵۷ƵʱֵöôԶֻ޷㣬Żߵľ硣
飬˭֪ء
ͻȻأҲĪظ̾ôһ仰ȴõֻһ˶ɻѣҲǼֳĬû˵
ʱ̤¥֮ڣ˶ȻشӵվȫɱѾˣƾѾǱ̬òˡ
ڴľ˱仯ҲǵŭХ֮ռ䲻ϵ
ȻͬʱƵںһ죬ҲȻشб˿ǰĲΪ˴ƵԱﵽԳĵز
ɱѾˣ֮ʣȻҲѹ֣±ڷڵľֱӵرըһͷŭڷƵľ֮вϵرš
ֱ仯˵ϢҲǱÿ˫žŲ֮ɫ


2653 
ŷ˫֮žŲ֮ɫ̤¥ǿʼһɼΪѰĲ𽥵شݵ֮⡣
ţˡֻʻ̧ͷԭʵգʱҲǿʼ𽥵رû谵һεѹֿʼǳǣ
ÿµǰףǴϹ޼Ҳ̧ͷ૵صʱĲѾǳ׵رһ֣Ѿǿʼ𽥵سֳһֵâ
ҿµ̤¥ҲҲǽǴķΧ£ҽҲüͷƺƴǴףҲǸһĨ
Ⱦ󣬽ǿ˵أʱ˿̣֮ڵǿ߶Ǿֵؿ𽥱仯Ĳ񷣬һԵĿ־֮
ֻüͷǷƵǴܹ壬ôһĻδ̫ˣȻʺվͻƣֲ𼶱
ȿ˵ʵڲеĻ̤¥ĽƣǴ¶ֻҲغһҲֻǼ¡
̤¥֮ڣڵѾǳ׵ؽųı仯÷˶ǽһֽ״̬֮С
ڳʵƻսȭͷȭͷ֮ϣʱ۳һɾʱѾǳеľ֮У
̧ͷȻı仯ҲǸܵǴǹѹҲǶ϶½ԼҪԵľǴˣ
ȥǴܹɾ֮λǿ粻ȥƾͻǻһƽٻңӴ֮޷ƴˣ
һǴûκˣҲֻԼԼֶӦǴҾڣҲ١
뵽ƻر˫غһڵѾ۵۷壬Ȼ˫
ֱӵգ֮䣬˺ѹѹĽ̺֮Ŀ𽥵ţ
ɣ
ƹХһһû˵Ǵֱӵغ֣ΪӸղŵһ¸֮£Ѿٶȸܵһµ˽֮УȻ
Ȼ֪϶ǲԼǴ׼ȴû뵽Ǵδ֮ʣѾǲˡ
ڷХµһ˲䣬֮еĽҲǶȻشһףΪ˻ӦƵһ㣡
ͬʱ½֮ܲأƶͺһ𣬶Ȼ֮ҲǾ㵵̧ͷ¶һֲ˼ɫ
СӡȻٶȾǴƶɵüͷɲһϢ
ͬҲǳ̾һһ۲񷣬½Ĳ񷲻һ㣬ȻûпǴʱѹѹһƬƣȴҲܹܵǹɺ˵ѹ
ԼѡģȻĵ𵭵صƺǻ̺֮˼ⱲҲܻǶ
ȻĿضֻ֣ҪǴֽţƾڳܡƶҡҡͷȻһʲôĴڣȲ˵ֻҪƼĻƱسֱӺ档
ǹԼȻԲ֣һͻƵĻҪΪǴ¸ۡ𵭵һЦĹñأ޷ơ
ҲǣҲʲôҲֻܹĽƶĬһ£Ҳʼε
ͬʱǰ½λ統еһЩǿߣ֮У֮еλǿĴڣͬһʱӦ
ʱڶǿߣҲǷ׷ױÿһӵ߾ֿ֮֮ͨµĲµһӦҪԼʶȥ鿴׷ʲô顣
ǺܿǷ˸Ϊֵ֮飬Ǿǵʶ޷͸Ǹطһֿ͸ǡ
֮ڵһɽ壬һλΰıӰҲǶȻطһȻҲǺܺ档
ǾȻǳʵ֡
ΪԼʶҲ޷͸ǣҪ֪ߣ˵ǵǿ֮һ˵ˡ
˼˼ز֪ԯǸϼһָ˵ʲôˡ
ɽ֮ϣҲĵƬ֮ɢȴʧԭء


2654 ֱ
ڷƴʱٵ״̬Ѿ磬ǰ½ǿߣԭһǴĵط磬Ѿǿ߿ֱӵزõڰ½λƾԼֶΣȻҲǿԸܵĵƴʱǴ
ѹѹĽƱ鲼񷣬һɿޱȵѹǣ֮£ٲ֪ʲô飬Ҳ֪ҪΪµǴ
Ȼ˷ӦȻ֮£һȻһ貵âһѶ£ֱӵغݺݵ̤¥֮ϣ
˶Ŀɿڴؿһâ£ǣһâ֮ʣûֱӵغȻɢȴǱģһӲ֮£
⡭⵽׷ʲô飿
ʱ˿ֻ̣ҲĿɿڴؿһĻֱǳ֪һâȻˣ
˵ֻʣҽҲǷ׷׾ޱȣһĻ˵֪޷һĻΪβ
֮ǳźѹѹĽƣƬ񷶼Ǹ˴һֳصĸо֮Уһͷ͵ľڸ²
һâڽ̤¥֮ȻҲ͵̧ͷ޵Ŀռ䣬һƿնǰ
һâ̤ͬ¥֮ڣûֱӵɴƻ෴Ǿֹһ㣬ֻʱʱ˸һͬϸһɫâƳա
һĻ״ûκξţɫƽһƬâǰһ΢紵õۡ
һξ֮󣬱ͣٶؿһĻâ΢΢һĨЦ⣬ƽؿڵ
仰ñˣµûӹνѰ˵޵ĴڣȻշȴֱܹ
ûκλش𣬵Ƿŵɫص֪޷ټأҶǴ֮ʼѾע⵽ˣֻûκλ֡
һ㣬ʵϣһƬâ֮ûаشһжԵúǹ졣
ڹĴڣ޷ֱĨɱңԣӦ˵޷Ĩɱκһ飬ֻͨһЩֶΣ˹©ӶĳЩʧʼֱһâͺ룬ҪΨһܹõֶΣǴøӵؿ£ӶﵽǴ֮лٻң
ⷬ˵֮ҲǳĬֱâŶԷڽнһ㣬Ƭ֮󣬷ЦҡҡͷȻû¶棬Ѿǲ²⵽ĴˣһʼĶң֮еᣬʵļƻ
ȻҲ㵽ΪôȻΪҵĴڣļƻÿһζˡ
ƻصҲͨɽǴ֮ȷҾڰ½ɱһǴ֮зԪס
÷ô˵Ȼ֮£âҲǱӿ˲һرڲѣһּΪ񱩵ĸо
߳ŭˣƶʱǿЦѣؿǰһâ֪϶һâ֮С
һΣûдټΪɽƶǴ֮ʱ򣬶ѾǲĴڡ
ԷȻܹ²õֻҪԼһٴ̤֮ʣǽ٣Ըֻһֱӳ֣ȻҲǳ˷Ƶϡ
ŷƵâ֮еҲǶȻرƣţǿ߶ǸܵһĵĲ
˽ǾֵؿŲ񷣬ʱ񷶼Ҫ̤һ㣬ͬĩգ
һٴβҵǴΪ۵ǣһεǴҰȥˣҽñѰӿµһǵȼ۽Цһâ
ȻĻǾҿܲǴ֮дΪǧһƵ漣Ƶ˲䱬Ҳֹȴѡƽԡ
һ׷ĿģôҪ𣬶ҲҪҲȲϾ磡
Դ֪ԼпܱϵʱʼƾԤϵ־֣ΨһܹõģΨ˫ȭ
˫ȭǿǣһе
䣡
һ춸ȻһƬâҲֱӵرѿܵĿռ˲Ťϣ


2655 Ǵ֮Դ
ͬʱĲҲҲûб˼žԭѹѹĽƳ񷣬һ˲֮£񷶼Ǳûģ
ЩڰĽƣʱǱһһ㣬ԭޱȵĲ񷣬Ҳ磡
⡭ʲô
ֻĿɿڴؿһУ״֮иܵһ־֣ʱڲ֮ϵһʼо
𡭡ңҲ֪Ϲ޼̧ͷ૵ؿŲֱ仯֮£ͬҲʮֵز⵽Ƿʲô顣
ͲǴǵĸоȴǸӵؿ£
ɣǵ˶ǳȥĻû˿֮´ʱҽҲص
ǿּǿߣڴʱֳҲǸܵ־壬Ϊδ֪ȴֱ֪һжҪ£
£ֻҲǲ̬Уǻ˻֣ʱ֮£̤¥߶Ƕˣÿһ˵ӰѸٵشǣǵˣҪ뿪
£Ƕһ־֮Уṳ̂¥ڶǿ߸룬ʱ˿ٴҲܹõȻ޷ٶˡ
ʱͬ統УһЩƽʱ޷ǿڣͬҲǷ׷ױ˶עһУȴ޷һЩʲôֻܸоõһɿµĻ֮
½֮УƶͺӳĬƬ̹ƶȿڵȥһô
ҡҡͷȥûãԼѡ·ԼȺֻһ˶еȥˣҲһƽٻҶѡ
ͲһЩϲģҪôƶ΢΢Լ˫ۣһ۲񷣬Ҳص
Ҫ֣ȻҲ˱Ǿ޷ˣһн𵭵صһأһһ㣬ƺǿ͸һ顣
ں̬ȣȻƶҲǲΪȻص˵ͷƺ֮䣬Щܴڡ
ˣûзڻе㲻ԾӣͻȻ֮䣬ƶҲʲô
ţҺþҲûпˡƶôһʣҲһ£ɻصԴӽһ֮ҾѾˡ
ҵĴɡƶҲҡҡͷԳһЦûж˵ʲô
ʱķƣȻ޷˽õڰ½ѾһȻѿһĳֻᣬǴ޷ֹѡʱǣѾǾرһճǣ˵˶ѾǾسȥϾܹǳֵģ˭ѰˣҲʥ׵ľ磬ֻҪһȥȻܵñ˭졣
ֻʵؿһ̤¥֮Ҳûκεֱӵش̤¥ǿߣ뿪ǣ״̬Ĳ񷣬Ҳûаա
ɫĲ񷣬Ǳȼһ㣬ϵطţȥⲢһҪµǴ𼴽Ҫ磡
ʱػһԯͷҲǿǵķ򣬻صǴ֮Դ˭ǴȻǾǽŻһ
ԯͷĻҲܼǸСӡʱһۻȻԯߵһͬɢſӰسֶ
ͨ죡ȵߣ
ţûȷҾ֪ƺǼа𡣡֮ͨ󣬺ȻҲǳˣΪ֮һһ緢ʲô£˶Լһ㣬ͷ
ţа𣡣
֣ͨɫ¾ǺòȥˣϾаҲǹ޲Сһ֮Ǹȡ
ż߻ȥһȣһΪ¶ȥϻƣƺܹܲ֯͸롣ŵص
ʲô飿ͨüͷΪȵߣľǹ֯飬˵޲ҵ֯ڵأȻֱӵظԷԾ󻼣
֮ǰ飬ǱסСһȻǿǴĻҲûκΰ취Ǵ֮Ҫ֣˿¾͵ˡŵص
ΪʲôͨüͷȻڷӡ󣬵ȴ÷ƿֱֵ
ΪʲôΪа㹻˰ɣ


2656 ׻
ʱڵĲ񷣬ȫѾһͨĻƣһȼգûо춯صҲûдĿڷš
һжԵžŹ졣
ֻʵѾǽ˳˵㹻ԶĵطˣҲȻ赣ǵܵĲ
䣡
þùͻȻһ죬һе֮еĻɫҲ˲ֹͣ˷ӭȴǣһָΪ˸о־Ϣء
ȵϢȻر鲼һУռ䶼ǻŤԶֻʵˣҲüͷڵʶԶֶγһâֳڿ֮еˡ
⡭Ļ¶ȵǶ£Ϲ޼üͷּĴڣǸܵ˼ɵ֮ڣʵ΢һģһӦͻǻһĨٻҡ
֪һǴѾǳǵ֪ڽΣҲֻǿԼˡֻҡҡͷɫҲǱüΪء
һľ촫֮ǷϵĽҲǲ˱仯Ŀ֮£һɫâһ㣬ֱӵǺɫ֮н䣡
漫Ϊֲһɽľ޴ڽ֮ʣȻطѳΪĵâɢڲͬķ򣬽֮󣬱ǻûΪµʥ飬Я޾Ļ֮ݺݵس̤¥
Х
һʱ֮䣬֮бǴһεȻǻû飬Ҫֱӵشݻٵ̤¥
׼ȷ˵ӦҪݻٵǣĵûɵ飬̺ǿԽǶΪƽأ
̤¥Ľƣ
ֻҲɫȻһ䣬ĵɵ飬ʶظһֿ־壬˵ǼҪȿֲķƣ
Ψһܹľǣ̤¥ĽƣʱذƵֵһ££ҲΪ
ֻʵ֮ҲǿߵӰȻرжһɢâƷȻЩ˵໤߶֮£еƷҲǱΪ貵â
һ̣֮жʱǱһɴ۵߲âֱʣ
̤¥֮еĽƣһλֲõֶΣΪ£ǿɱһ֮µĴڣҲһã
Ǵĵʥ飬̤¥Ľƿն֮ݺݵײһ
飡
һ죬ڰ֮У棬Լ̤¥Ȼط˾ըһ貵Ĺâײм䱬ʣ
̤¥֮еķҲ΢΢ɻ̧ͷѾǲĽ٣ղƺʲôֵ֣һ¡
£΢΢Ӧһ֪ˣֻڰ̤¥ĽƣֵƬ̣ݶҲҡҡͷ
һΣ˭ҲûãΨԼܹԸ棡
£ƵӰ΢΢һǳ̤¥֮⣬̧ͷһͷ֮ϵĿâΪ죬ֱӵسХһ
ֻʣҪңﲻң鷳
ʱǴֻʵĶУֻҲһ㶣Ҳǽҧأһ£Ȼô˵ǱȻĵ
ưɡ
ֻʻ˻֣ʾǿٵƵˡ
ΪʲôϹ޼ɵ˽ǾɣⲻǿԵֵô
˵ˣǲ֣ܲǺֻʿЦ㲻Ҳ֪Ĵ϶ʮֵؼѡ
ֻʵĻ༸Ҳһۣ̾ҡҡͷǼǿҪջؽƵǾ˵һĻȴǷˡ
һ̣֮е貹âȻһ߶̤¥Ƶ⼸ɫȻһ䣬ɢŹâƷһ˲䣬ֱӵѵƬ
⡭ֻʵ¾סˣҲɫʮأƵȻǱ֮еĽֱӵػˣ
У̫ǿˣƵ޷൱ҪջصʱֱӱҽҲǿЦһӣ̤¥ΪĽƣǴǰҲǲһ
һΡƿΣˡֻ૵ص̤¥̺жôǿûǱΪǴʱ˿̣ȴǰ˵زһܹ²õһҪԵվǺεȵգһʬ޴棡


2657 ȫ
̤¥Ƶʧ֮貵ĹâҲǰ࣬âҲǳ׵ɢΨǾһ棡
ڰ֮У̧ͷŻɫĲ񷣬һδ֮нء
һ̣ХٶǸֶƲ񷣡
ЩûʥȻû£
ֻʴʱҲǵɴ˫ۣе㲻ŵؿǰһУľ˽۶һȴǶûʥû˿ãеʥ飬Ƕ£
Щʥ֮лû治ȻͲûõģһǰ˷ƣǿԼضɹһǴҽҲҡҡͷ͵
ٴνĹƣڰ֮еķƶȻ֮ҲǸܵһּΪȵϢϵ۷ǿʼ΢΢ؾʱҪȼһ㡣
Хһɵĵʥ飬˿壬һֱӵضԼе飬Ǵܹõֱӵضˣ
ɫǴֱ֮ӵڷƵ֮һɫâ֮УɫâҲǺ֮
飡ת÷ڵϢøӵذ磬ͬʱԶҽҲ죬ŷڵ֣ڵҲǲϵţǲ˹
ġȻӵ飡
ҽ૵صǴس֮УҪ֪ڻ̶һǶȡһ飬ºǿ׷ɱ֮²Ͷ壡
Ǵʱ˿ֳ̣ģȴ飡ֱ޷ţ
֮Уǿ˳ĴڣһҽҲо飬֣ԼֻǶȴ޷оʲô
飬ȻǾޱȡ
ҲһյôֻغһʱķƣżǴӳϣ໤תϢֱ̫ˣ
Ϲ޼Ҳҡҡͷǲŷ֣ԭһֱصķƣûǰùĵơ
һǴ٣û֪Ƶĵƻ¡
ڵķƣֻҲûаܹѹҪֻ֪ʿλĴڣƲȴһ۶ѣ۾ܹӵȿµһΪĴڣ޵У
ɣ
һĽ٣һХԣŭһڵľżǴҲһ˯ʨһ㣬˲ѣױȵƣ
֮˵Ŀע֮£һɫâǳЯſµĻֱ֮ӭĵ̺֮ʥ飡
Ҫͽֲɱͷʥ飡
ʱ֮бǳ˾˵һĻžżǴ֮ϵضͷʥ鷢ΪµĹ֮
ȵϢϵر޵Ŀռ䶼ǷյŤϣ֮еĽٶǿʼХϡ
ƾһ֮еʿͽֲɱޣ
ȵϢõ÷ϵ۶ֱӵػ˻ҽһͷҰɫĳҲǿʼ𽥵
ʥڽ֮ʣǷ޾壬֮ܿ£һͷ־ԵĻҰɫҲǻسʧϵۣ֮лٻң
ͬʱǣƳ׵ص˾żǴ֮ȻԼռϷ磡ֻʱķƣľɫâԽԽ貣ǽ˶С
磬û˿õƴʱò̬ܹǣһɫâӰĵɵʥڲϵزţ
ⲫĹ̺һʱȥˣʱȥˡ
̵Уʥ鱻شΣǲ֮еĽڲϵطţȻٶ棬ֱؼӳЩʥ֮УõЩʥٶǱ
ǻˣ¿϶ǵûһηڵ̺޾οƵڻ̺֮µĲ±ģ
෴ԽսԽ£ǹȥʱʥսò£
Զֻʵ˴ʱǲ֪˵ʲôˣڷȱ̬սҲֻҡҡͷЦǻǣһʱ֧Ųˣ˵ʱˡ
ôⶼȥʱˣϹ޼üͷǴȻ죬Ҳڱ̶ֳ̬Ȱɣ
ҽĬһ£̧ͷŲˡƻܹȥĻ


2658 ͽնʥ
ҽֻ֮ʵҲǾɲ˳ҽߣ̧ͷһ۲񷣬ִʱĽƺǱе㲻һˡ
ףɫƺе㲻ˣƺøˡϹ޼˫ɴҲǲص
ţûҸղһֱţûв´ĻֻҪ֮еĽٶǽʮ˴εĻôһپǳ˹ȥҽָһ㣬ҲǵԼķ
Ҫʮ˴Σֻʵɴ˫ۣҲǵ۲ѣƶʱˣȻҪʮ˴Σ֪һηǴǶôر̬
һεǴȻѰĲһܵ˵мѭҽصصûĻһνһһ˴ΣǰѾǼ˾ʮˣֻҪټʮ˴Σô㹻һεǴ
һ˴ΡֻϹ޼һۣҲǿЦãǶ̬һ֡
ƺҲûʧǼʱϢǰ粻ѣһõֻʺϹ޼Ϊ졣
о֣鱾̺ž˵Ѹٵ޸ܵϣڷƻӵǰ֮¡ҽҲЦЦ
ûƴʱ״̬ȷһֱ۷״̬ԭһõûаһתĺôǳ޷ġ
ʱ֮еսܵƣҲǰδ֮أ˵ʱ̣嶼ڳȵϢüΣ̺֮ĻѾ͸ĵˣҵüڹŹ֮ѳ
ѵļ֮£ƵҲ𽥵һϲ˵ı仯Ǿǲ֪֮УǱøǿˣ
ھĴ֮£ƵǴﵽһǰδеĳ̶ȣʯɣ֮󣬾ͺǽʯһ㡣
Ǵ˿̣ٶǾĴѾǼ˸ΪµƴʱԼоõƾǲκɱ֮µĴˣ
Ⱦ˵ɱ䣬Ȼ÷һϲˣҲʶûǿֻиǿ
ԼĪٶȹȥһʱƲ֪ѾǼʱʱ棬ڳʹ࣬Ҳڽɱ䣡
ͻȻһХ
涸Ȼһӱɢ˲٣һ貵ľɫâʾзƵò̧֣ͷһۻɫĲ񷡣
ҿ㻹ʲôŵ
ЦЦҽܹ飬ȻҲǲõҲ֪һ˴ΣѾˣ
ȥĺɫƣٶǽǳſ»֮ʥ飬ȻǵϢǰ粻ѣһΣ֮еЩɫƿɲٶǽ£Щʥ飬Ȼǿ׵նɱˣ
һ̣Ƶ嶯ˣĿȾһͷһ˫ƻճȭһ˲ǿԽһξ룬ֱӵسʥ֮һǰ
䣡
һ˫ȭݺݵغ£žɫǴֱ֮ӵرһӰһȭ֮£ռ䶼ֱӵرѹɼôһȭƣ
ƵõĴѾǱøΪ£žżǴ̺֮ƻνˡ
ﶸȻطһУǱʢ棬һӱʶųҪߣǷǷŹ
ղô򶼲֪ˣЦ΢΢̫ߣһٶʧԭأ
飡
ȵٶǳ֮ʣѾǳ֮ϣһźݺݵ£Ȼǽ嶼ֱӵزȱ
һĻֻʵ˵УõһȺ˶ԭأ̫ˣ
һ˭ٸ֣ǼֱûȤϹ޼һ¿ˮҲεص
ȷʱֳ̬ȷŻ˺ܶˡ
һŲȱ֮󣬷ûֹͣٴǽĿϣһЦٶֱӵʧ
һƬֱ̣ٶǱһȭ򱬣
ڴ֮󣬷ƵΪûֹͣ񻢣꣡
ֻڵ˶ĿɿڴؿһУǲ֪ʲôʱѾǿʼľˣֳ̬ʵ̫ˡ
ԵıѹһУͽֱնɱʥ飡
ǹȥƬ̣Ҳǹȥһ˲䣬ʱ֮еĺɫҲ𽥵ƽʥȻҲǲٴڡ
Ψһ貵ľɫâڰ֮УǾǷƣ


2659 ɣ
ֻʵ˾þù󣬲ǻعһ𾪵ŷƣ
˵ģһ̫̬ˣ
Ϲ޼ҲղŷͽնɱʥһĻνǽǶǳ׵ˡ
ѾǵһּΪµĳ̶ȣҹƾǲƾҲǿԺɨĴˡֻغһеûɢȥ
ͻƵǽǺεȿµĴڡҽҲǿЦҡҡͷֳʵ̫ˡ
ǴôƴʱҲ̧ͷһ۲񷣬ǺɫĽƣֻ࣬ȴȫûɢ
˵ӦǽˣС̶ֳȣҲ˵
ҽҡҡͷ˵׼˵ܹʲô
û
ͻȻأҲǶȻ̧ͷһɺɫĽƣҡҡͷڽ֮Уǵȿµûɢ
ʱͽնɱʥ֮ʥ֮ҲǸԲһŻɫ棬һ漫Ϊ΢Сȴ˸ܵһּΪµĻ֮
ʶԼƣһգƮɢڰ֮еĻɫâǾ֮У֮Ǿֱӵû֮С
֮󣬷һҲǸоһȵϢԼĴţҲѸٵ
һӣǾرƬ֮󣬷ƶȻ˫֮ٶǱһɾɫǴ֮ǰһǣһξɫǴ֮УҲ̺ȵ¶ȣƵҲǳֳŤĿռ䡣
㻹ʲô
ƵҲʲô飬Լնɱʥ֮󣬽ڵǴԴգľżǴҲǷ˱仯
ںǴƾԼʱƿصǴøӵؾƻԶԶȵġ
ƺ˷֮еƣǳźɫƵĲ񷣬ʱ֮ҲٶȴһµƲûоʹɢȥǲϵȥ
Ų֮еһĨƲϵɢһƬ񷶼ǱѪɫĽƣĺ
ǴȻûнֻʵҲֱ仯Ȼ֪ǴԶԶûнƺǸոտʼ
Ҷ޷󣬽Ҫܺεȳ̶ȵϹ޼Ҳʼ֮гһĨΣʵ̫ˡ
ȻʱȴǻŲ񷣬һĨɫĽƣֻһƬѾǽռԼ֮ڵķΧ
źɫƲϵسŲ񷣬һ£ǸԲǧˣҲǸоǵĩһ㣬ɫĲ񷣬һ˵ѹȡ
Ҳ΢΢üͷһۺɫƣʱҲǿʼϵطţǹǹڣûǴǵȿ
㵽׻ҪúεֶΡ૵ص仰Ƕ˵
ĽǴ֮УǴȻٵǴıøӿ£Ϊ۵ǣһ÷ƶɹǴôõĺôҲǱѰҪӵش
ͺǸղͽնɱʥһ㣬ǵ֮£Ĵۼǿߣ޷ܹŵ󣬵Ƿˣʥ̺֮ıԴ
Ƭ֮󣬺ɫŵĲ񷣬ҲǶȻطЩ仯ʼϵŤһĻüͷ
ǿռ䲨
ɻһ䣬Ҳû˿Ĵ⣬ϾҪԸһŲôɾĻٲ֮ز˭ҲȲ
Ȼɫ֮ĲȴɲΪоһֿռ䲨ҪһƬ硣
ڿռ֮Ҳո࣬΢΢ر˫Ҫ̽һһ̣ǲʲô嶸Ȼһ˾ʧԭأ
ֻʧһ˲䣬ڲ֮УҲȻϢؽһɫ磡ٶޱ֮죬ǷͷųԼʶҲǸ
ԣⲻǿռ䲨Ǵ֮ôƶȻصɴ˫ۣоޱȣΪһƬɫ֮УԼظγһ
ţһɫ֮ǲϷźɫҲʱ֮·˾˵ı仯һģӰ𽥵۳͡
ӰޱȵӴеĺɫ۶ɣǾһ㣬ҪǣһӴģӰһ˴оĿ־壡


2660 Ӱ
Ƶɴ˫ָо𼶱ĴҲ޷ѵѵɣ
ܹ֮ϵģҲֻд˵֮й񣬻ɣ
һͻȻֵģӴӰֻʵ˽һ㶣ӰûȫسͣǰҽڵˣѾǸܵһ֮еĿ־壡
Ӧò˵֮еĿ־ˣǴһ־ƺһģӰûа취κεֿ֮ģ
ǣһӰǵ˫ȶѾ鲻ԽشҪһӰ֮£
⵽ʲôڣֻʳԾصһαһι죬ִô³ǰ
ͬʱ統Уǿ߶һ㶣ͬǸоĪĸо޷ʱһ
һģӰ𽥵ʵ̺ĿϢ磬ǰ½ܹܵõȻǰǵ𼶱Ĵڣ
ǡɣԯͷҲе㲻˼ؿǵķ˫֮һĨ⡣
ɣһɣǸСӵǴƺǷʲô仯³ͨҲǵص
ΪȨˣȻ֪˲֪飬ҲŲһļ⣬ǲǺܵǣǶڷΪʲôܹǴеʮֺ档
Ǵ֮ԴҾþˣû뵽һﵽ󻹻ᴥ֮¡Ҳǳ˼һҡҡͷ
˵ɣȵùȥȻܹɱȥǾһĨٻҡԯͷҲǵص֮гһĨ䡣
ͬʱǵĲ֮УһģӰҲ𽥵رƬ֮Ǳ鲼ĺɫҲǿʼ
һεһαøΪ΢ƺһĺķ˺ɫƵһĻҲغһûв´ĻôԼֻҪǰһΣȻҲܹΪˣ
ɣʲôֶΣһΣ㶼޷ңغһҲǿǰһ˿޾ؿŲ֮еһģӰ
˵ʵһģӰѹǳԲ֮Ҳǻ
Ҳ׳Ƶ
Ʋ֮ʱ飬֮ϢҲ̺һĴڣ
һģӰѹȻҲǰ
ģӰƬ֮ҲֻòȴһƬõ÷޷׿ǿһ˫˫
ʱһӰޱȵؾ޴֮䣬صһ֧ԭأҲ˿޷ͷ
ͨ
Ȼ֮£֮һЩǵˣҲǳܲסѹֱӵصȹ£
ֻʵȻûˣǿؿǵӶͨ죬˫ţԶǶԼڵڿģӰѹ
ǿ󣡸֧ŲסֻʼصǶԼеǶƺûжЧ
ȻʱϹ޼еɳ߶Ȼһ£ͷųһ͵â鲼Χˣ֮£˶ʱоࡣ
ɳ߾ȻãϹ޼һ£ԼеɳߣҲ̾
䣡
˶˵ʲôʱ֮һӴӰʱҲ˫ֱŷƣǸһ㣬ûдκθɫʣ
ֱӵԼƣݺݵѹȥһ֮𶯣ռ
δǵѾõ÷Ƽ޷
߾
ŭһȫٶתһһľɫâڵҲǱΪ貵ɫâһӷƾȻӲذѹĽ
  䣡
ƶȻ֮£ֱӵ뿪ԼԭվŵĵطٶȶȻؼ٣ޱȵѸݣϵԶܶȥ
֪ĻԼ޷һƣ
޴ĺȻ֮˶ǵҪһ㣬ݺݵزһ֮£ǶҪһ֮£
ƣ
ֻʵҲǲΣգٶǼٵ˺󣬱һκܴľ룬ҲǵķƴʱӰһƾȻؿ£ֱ޷ֱӣ
һӰʲôͷܹһ֮ȿµƻǴ˵֮еҲǣ


2661 ǰδе
һ˲֮£Ƕǻཨȼƻ֮£رݻ٣棡
ֻʵ˽ɫأƣǳܹܵĳ̶ȣ˵Ƿƣ
ʱһ֮ҲǶȻسһԼ̺ſ¶ȵľɫâѣ
û£ȻǱܿ˷ŵһΪµĹ
ɫâȻɢƵӰҲǻس˰֮УǰһӴӰҲ𾪲ѡ
һӰǺεͷȻӵȿµƻ֮
һӵʱǶԷ˵ΪֹۣΪһӰĴڣԷӵз޷˿ŵ˵һƲûκηĻᣡ
ǸղŵһֹƸ޷ӭս֮ƣֻǾڵİ취򻰣Σˡ
һεӰ֣÷ƸоΣȻѾһǴˣڰжֶΣ֮۳һӰ
ȻһӰӳĲһ֣Ҳĺˣ뵱ڰ½֮ʣԼ֮һǴ֮УõλΪԼɡ
һΣûκпˣֻǿԼ
޴ӰѹϵţƵɫԽأȻ̺ڣʱصֵסѹʱһˣԼڳ׵ôҲ벻ԼʲôֶԱһѹ
һصӰ˵濹ˣûȿµѹ
ʱ֮ӰûκξٶʩչԼһ֮ҫԼǵȾһָӵŷơ
ǵ̬ڶԷƣѹ
ƽҧأԺ֮вϵͷһһʵ벻ԼͨʲôֶһӰ
ڵǴ֮ȻɱǶһӰ˵ͬҲǴγɣҪǴ֮Ըƺе㲻ʵ
飿ȻҲ÷˳˼֮УأǷڽԼôãҲûзܣ˰̺УԼѧ˷
ѵҪ÷ôһĨЦ̧ͷһӰҲһЩ²⣬һӰֶɣǿǿһ޷ֱӵĵز
ȻǲܳҲ˵ҪľǣĹ֮£ŵ㹻ʱ䣬ΨĻܹĵԷһУһӰԶʧ
־ǰɹǴһģһֻҪ˶ٵǴԲˣһԵһӰһҲ̺ȿµĻ֮Ƽûκܹá
ʱڷг֮ʣȻһӰҲǲͷˣһ˫۹ӣֱӵضŷƣʱõ÷ƴӳ˼֮зӦ
ֱӵȫëէавҲֱӵزϵѸƶԼλãѾǲΣյףûв´ĻһӰҪˡ
Էֵһο龰Ƹҹ뷨ܶãͶã
ȻһӰһ£˷ڵλһ㣬Ƭ֮£һԲǧʱһֱӵرͲϡ

΢Ȼǿռ䱻˺һ㣬Ƭ֮޴ǴһӰ˫ֱ֮ӵرֱӵɨ˷ƣ
һĻҲ̲סаһÿ죬֮һ˲䣬ǽĵ棬ٴǺըһӣ
ң⣬ûֹͣһεزƶţƶķ򣬾Ƿڵķ
Ĺ죬ƺëէ𣬸ǲ˿ͣزϱλãޱȵؾ޴󣬿ȥƶٶȺȴܹϷƵٶȣ
˰尡ⶼʲôϹ޼ɵɴ˫һӰ޷ֱӣ̫ˣ
ƴʱȴп˵Լƶٶж죬޴ȴǽ׷ᣡ
Ȼڵ˷޴ӵĵط׷˷ƽľ룬̵УǰͬһٶǴݻһƬҿ³̶Ҳû˿ļ
䣡
һ죬Ȼٴδ


2662 Ӧ
˿̣ˣǸܵһ־ĶǵЩ˾ʮǧľ룬ȴܹоõֿµ硣һЩվ۷֮ϵǿߣǴʱ޷ֱӵؿǵǷʲô飬ȴǿøԵֶΣŵز²⵽֮жʲô顣
ԯߵ˽ǳĬصɫȻҲʮֵһγֵǴʲôŻǴȿµ١
ڰ½ʥѧУƶź˾ţͬҲǸܵһģһĲ֮䶼ǳĬƺڵȴš
ʱһɫٻӰҲǶȻشӿг֣Ȼɶ
λǰΪθܵһļµĲɶǳ֮ɫڱչأͻȻ֮£һҲǸܵһӰѹ
ɶ֮ҲǶȻظȻеǿ߶ǸӦˣ磬ǰ½
һӰ۶ɣ̺֮ȻǲֵֻҪ𾳵Ĵڣǿظܵһֿµ
˵˵ľ档
ƶͺһۣƶҲǵؿڵǷ紥Ǵ
仰£ɶǲһ£¶˽ɫѿڶȻٶȴǴô죿϶ǲŹ
Ҫģһμҵȶ޷ְƶ̾һڣҲҡҡͷʾûа취ԷƽκЧİæ
УҾǲܿŷƳ£Ҫȥ磡ɶҲǱýޱȣΪæƶɹǵȻʮֵҪǴǽǺεȿµĴڡ
ǷһܵǴͻע⣬ʱ϶һеֶԷƽĨɱ
ţɶ㲻ȥҡҡͷֱԭʧɶǰ¡
УһҪȥΣҶɶغһƶ˵ǷǳҪˣˣҲԲϣ
֮ǰ¿ţҵȱ㣬ʲô㶼ܳ硣ƶ
Ϊʲôɶһ㶣ԼȻ֪
ȷǷ˴ұʾ·ǳأ˭ȥ磬㲻СƶԱҲҡͷش
˵ʵڷƵ־ٶԷƵ˽⣬ȻǷʲô飬Ȼǲ
Ͱصţȥ磬Ҳûκΰ˵ġ̾һվҪġ
ûԴǳΪһ֮ҾͷѾǿ͸ĳɾΣҲֻǿԼ
ԱҲ̾뵱½֮ʣƵʱ򣬶Էһʥ۷ѣѾǳɳȵزٸԷʱɳֻǳΪεȿµĴڡ
ţڻأҲӦòֲΪûг֣ʱҲͻȻصʥѧ֮ڣһӵλ
ƶ𣬺ɶоǺڻԴƽ˽֮󣬻ʥѧڻ˾Ǳòһˡ
¶Ǳˣ˵ڻƽġ
ɶһۣҲҡҡͷͬںڻټо⣬ûзںη
Ȼϲǣڻʱʥѧһɽ֮ϣߣȴѪȵʬ壡
Щʬ״ޱȵңÿһǻرڳںڻ֮ϣȴմѪ
ʱڻһֱ̧ͷŲ񷣬Ҳ¶һɭɫͻȻһЦȴǿѪ

ɭĿд֪ڻѾǷȱ仯
ǣԣʱӦҲûǵĴڣһӰĿº֮£޴⣬ٶǽƷ˹
ٶȶܲӲرУҲû֮У
һ޴죬ֱӵرըµǧֻ֮ʵҲǲòٶȳˣ
ˣοֱӱˣֻʱ˱üͷղŷƺûü⣬ֱӵرըš


2663 
ʱ֮£ֻʵ˱ޱȵؽؿŷȴ޷æģʱڳκ˶Ҫķƣȴܱ¶ֻǽעŷڵĵطĬĬš
ȿµǴҲ֪˵ûǲá
һĽߣȻϣԼǴ˸ͬʱ̶ֳȣеͷˣѾһ˿Գܵĳ̶ȡ
Ӱһιֱ÷޴ӣ
һıը֮󣬾˵ϵ֮ռѺۣ֮Ȼֲ˹
ڷƴʱ״û֪ΣֻʵҲؿŷƱֱӵػУһεǱܿˡ
ôƵϢˣϹ޼ɶȻؾ㵵ͻȻ޷˷ƵϢƬ֮䶼ǿ񱩵
Ϲ޼һ仰ĵĽ±һ£¶һֻ֣̿עŷеĵطźĵǡ
һӰˡ
ʱֻҲע⵽һĻһ֮ӰԭӵӰȴǱ֮࣬ͬʱģǹľѹҲǼࡣ
һĻֻʵ˲ɵһһӰվҪʧô
ô˵ǷѾʱҽȻؿڵ֮дһ˿ǴҪʧס
ȻǴʧףԭֻһǷƳɹضɹԼǴӶǡʧˣǴŻ𽥵ʧ
ǰһղŷƿô˵ǰֱӵػУ˵ǳɹĻδе̫ǣǿˣôΨǻһֿܣǾǷʧˡ
ǰһƬһǣ֮һӴӰʼرǳǵļµ
ơȻֻ¶һŵɫѽܷƾȻ޷Ǵ֮дʵǰһĻ
Ϲ޼ɵ˵ɫǱüΪأȻͬ޷ʵĿǰ·ƻ׶༪١
ôܡֻҡҡͷͬʱ½ǿߣҲһģһĸܣҲ¶˳˼ɫȻǿԴ֮ʱľ󣬿ǶǴʧˡ
ʧˡ
ԯͷص̧ͷһĺţҲ¶һĨʧɫΪܹǸˣǡ

ºźͨ춼һ㶣Ȼǲԯͷ˵ʲôôǴû˵ԯͷ飿
£ԯͷҲ̾һûж˵ʲôһͷˮԡ
Ȼڰ½֮Уƶ˶ǶȻһ㶣ɫüΪѿѾǲĲѰ˵ǴҪˡ
ǲƵôˡ
Ȼʱɶɫò԰ޱȣͻȻظоԼۣݺݵس鴤һ£Ϊټ
ɶڵشѪɫ֮ȴǴһֲĸо
УΣգ
£ɶԼָоǴӺζΪȹƣ֮֮жһĪϵ
ϵΪأҲŪԷǳ϶ǣһһΣյ֮£һ˾ܹӦõ
ɶģƶһۣ˸еļɵɶ˵״̬ô˵ŷƴʱ״ĲǷǳغá
УҪ磡
ɶҲǿഫĲʸУ΢΢̧¶һּɫΣҪȥһ磡
ǵɶո߶˼ǿʼҡȻܵ˸⣬ºȻվһѵطסҡҡ׹ɶҲüͷ
ôƶһصɫʵɶͬһǿߣȻǷ⣬ҲʵǾ÷ѽ⡣
ƿڴɶ֮һصϵƲãȻҲǸ״̬ˡһ۱Ǵ
ɣһ硣ƶƬ̣ҲغһΣһȥ磬˽һµ﷢ʲô顣
΢΢˼һҲǵ˵ͷƶȥĻΪʡ


2664 ת
ʱһƬ浱Уǵǳǵȿµسڿצطš
ΨһģǾ֮һ޴Ӱ
ֻʵԶԶĵطۿţÿ˵ı鶼һͬ޷ţƾˡ
ȻʱҽȻ̧ͷؿһӴӰԣƻû
ҽĻ·Ƶ˱һ㶣Ҳֱӵ¶һ˷ܵɫƾȻû
⵽ô£ֻæ׷ʵ鵽׷չʲôˣԼǿˣڵҲ޴ӵ֪
֮ĸӦҽҲغһʱ֮£Ҳǻһɫâ۳֮С
飿ֻʿһĻȻϤޱȣҽҪĶ飬ǧ֮ǰͬҲڻ̶֮õı
ţƵͬҲӵ飬ɵĻҿԸӦĵֻͨĸӦӦûûֻһΪ״̬ҲǾ˵ƵΣʱ̡ҽصص
⡭ӰȷڱϹ޼ҲӺԣе㲻صȥƬ̣ȼĴڣҲܹʼ𽥵ظܵһӰڼ
ǲΪƵǴʧܣΪһεǴֻṩôáҽ˼һ£Ҳǽ͵仰˵ҵǣӰӦǿԷιǰһιˣڶιȴˣιʼҲ棬һγֵĻᡣ
˵ƻҪһΣֻʵ±סˡ
ûȻ֪״̬ΣȻǴûнҽɫصصûйĻԵƬ̣ܷƵ״̬ΣһӰͻǱĹӶһεǴͻʽؽ
ҽķֻʵҲ˳˼֮С
ûֱɣ˵ȷһ£ǸӲǣǴûн
һιƶܿˣڶεĹ÷ƵǻҪܵεĻ¾鷳ˡ
¿Ǳò˰Ϲ޼Ҳ૵صܷΣҪܵιĻôڷ˵һĴ
޷æôʱҲͲסˣԼûвͻȻرò
ҵǣֻʵ˶˼֮Уûע⵽ĵĲԾΨҽеɻؿһģҲûж˵ʲô
޷æ֮£˭ȥˣȲ˵ܸܲƴʲôŪԼҪȥֻǺҽҡҡͷٴһ㣬Ҳǵֻʵһʱ嶯ֱӵسȥǵʱıˡ
ҽ֮ʣһƬ֮жȻسһɫĹֱ񷣡

ҽ±˫۵ɴ󣬿һӴɫҲǺ𺳣ȻǷǳϤȴ֮⣬ûȶأ
ͬʱ֮еһɫҲǶȻزҪѵҽƣŲһɫâȥ
õҽɻѣ˼Ƭ̣飬صܹô
ȻǲܻشҽȴһֱżΪҵĲҽ޷ĸо
ָоõҽǾȣҪ֪Ѿ飬Ȼǲ
ˣȻҪȥҲ㣬ǵ
þùҽͻȻЦƻɿſ˶֮еһҲֱӵģֱʶȥ
ҽǰǡֻȻҲǽһĻڣе㲻ҽ
ûв´ĻǷƵֶΣȻҲ֪ܲܰƺԼѡ˷ƣҲҽһЦɫҲǺܴݡ
ġֻ°仰û˵жҪȻ統Уûһ˲ǻҽѾǧ꣬ȴֱӵؽ顣
ҵģվҵģҵģǿҲáҽҲǿÿˣһʲôܣȻӵ顣
飬оôҲûףƺܹۼˣôԼϵһ飬ȻҲ϶ѡ˷ƣҲûа취


2665 Ŀ飡
£˵ע֮£ҽеһ飬ʱǳֱӵһҫ۵ɫ֮С
ҽеһҲǽںϵһҫ۵ɫ֮УһɫǱΪǿĲϯǡ
һĲԽֻʵ˵ⲢѰ෴ֻʵ˴һɫ֮иܵһǰδе
һɫ֮УһΪصõ˵ĶƽһӰſѹ·Ҳһ˲˲١
ô£ֻʲ̧ͷֻһɫâᴩ˳磬εض𣬵ȴ޷͸̺ʲôȴֶصĲһӰѹҲǱɢ˲١
Ѿǲ֮ĹҽҲǿЦҡҡͷԴһ֮󣬾ǳ׵޷֮Ӧ
ˣ
ռһȻ֮һӰҲǽŶƺǲɫâͻ̧ƣٶ˿µƣ
һĻֻʵ˵ɫҲٶȱһӰĹ¾һλˣڴķӦȻӦǻûΣա
Ҳȷƴһʲô״̬ܲܳιһδ֪֮
˶Ϊ֮²֮ʣ֮䶸Ȼһŭʱ֮£ƬضڲһɸΪϢҲֱӴɫ֮дݶ
ƣǷƵֻҲ¶ϲɫһǳϤȻԷƣһŭ֪ڷѾΣգ
Ҿ֪СǴСǿ̶ȵĹûҵϹ޼ȻҲе˷ܣһԵģ֮¶ĵҲڼ˲١
ҽҲ̾һΪԼһӶܹӵ컯ԼҲǳɾһ׮ԵҲԼ齻
ʱһŭ֮һᴩɫâҲǶȻһֱӵػɫĹ㣬֮ϲϵƮɢš
һֻʵһ㶣ҲǲһּΪϢ٣һӰҲǻس˰֮У
ƣǷƵӰ
ʱһģǰһͷҰɫͷʱѾǾ»һͷɫĳƮţ˫֮гŵɫâ
ǲ֪ΪΣֻʵ˴ʱӷϢȴǸоһּΪİĸоʱķƣѾǳ׵̥ǣɾһˣ
ƾ㻺ڰ֮У˫˸ɫâĬضһӰڵ粻ϵתţ
ʵڸղŵһӰٶµĵڶι֮£Ѿǲ𣬿˵ûаĻᣬԼΪɣ
ͷڵȴǷתֱӵسڣȻͷųΪǿҵɫâ۳ɾһɫ
ͻȻ仯֮£Ҳ˵õһ˿ԭ嶼ǲȱһɫâ֮Уȴһּٶڻָš
ǣ֮еƺǵһּޣ޷׵÷ƻָ۷壬ֻǱŷƲ
ĻƸ޷ֵεĹʱҽԼһ˳ĿҲ˹
ҽķ֮£ĿҲǳ׵ǰΪһ壬Ӷ˸ΪǿƵ״̬Ҳǵµػָ۷״̬
ò˵ǷƵĻԵҲþҽӵеĿĻʱ𼶱ĴڣҲ޷
Ŀںϣõ÷ٴʱƺһΪص״̬
̧ͷ¶һĮȻɫ˫֮еɫâϵ˸ţһ̣ȥһʥ
Ƶı仯һӰҲٶ۶ΪµҪٶͷųԼһ
󣬾Ȼ
Ƶ촽ҲǻŶţһһ仰Ҳ֪ڶ˭˵ֻڷƵһ仰֮һӰĶҲǶȻΪ֮ͣһ£ƺһ־㵣
ûж˵ʲôղŴû˵һ̧֣һӰ


2666 ı仯
Ƶľٶһж˵ڣֻʵȻǲ²ⲻ͸ڵϢΪǱ˹Ź֣ҲǵΪؼʱ̡
ֻҪǳŹһεĹôƾܹΪ
Ƶڿ˵ѾӵĿ飡֮УһֱǱ׷ţ̺ųܣջûжܹ͸顣
һжٿŶǲǳˣһ˾󣬲ԣʱӦĿˣһ֮Уǰ޹˺ߵġ
û֪ΪʲôܹһӵĿ飬ҲûƵʱʱѾо͸˹ܡ
һӰͣ٣Ҳ΢΢ǣһֻӰܹ֮õٶ˵һ仰
ѾٳΪˣδȻǱɱ
һ仰Ǵȥ²֪öΪ֮𾪣Ҫ֪ʱӰ̺֮Ŀ־ӷƵĿУȴ³ôһ仰ˡ
䣡
һʱ֮䣬ƬضΪ֮ӰӰʼһǷŭһ㣬£һӰҲֱٶ̧ͷΪµ
ӰٶȻҲҡҡͷûж⣬㱾ҵһִΪ֮ô
һΣӰûκλش෴ţһӰʼǲϵؾҲԭӰҲǱøӵ΢ʱҪʧһ㡣

һϸ΢Ҳֻʱ֮ٶǷ˱仯һӰʼ𽥵ʧˣȴһɫâڲϵš
ôһ޴Ӱ׵ʧȴһɫΪĺɫâڰ֮гֶһּ߻ϢĲ
һĻֻʵҲǳԾѣһӰʧȻ˵Ҳǲʲô飬һɫâȴǳǸΪ֮ɵ
һӰһܽΣӰվʧǷܲܳŹȥһˡҽҲǿŵһӰ۶һâȻΪµһ
ǷûУڵķƣе㲻һĸоֻʵصضŷƵӰҲǲʵ
ţҲָооøӵɲ⣬ǰжˡϹ޼Ҳصص
ֱ仯˵ϵı仯ڵķƿȥһһеĴڣźܴĲֻͬҡҡͷƴʱı仯ǲֹϹ޼˵ôһ㡣
֮УΨһֱüֻ˵ģϹ޾˵ģڷƣڳľΪȨȴû˵
ΪȷǸܵ˴ʱƵĲһͺǰķƣȻһˣʵȴѾһˣָоȴܹƾֱ
㵽׷ʲô飿
һ仰û˵ڣȴĬĬصȻҲǱκ˶ҪǷƵİȫµﲻκæΨһܹģǾֻ
Ŀһźɫâĳ֣ɫž޲һжƿ֮УҡҡͷѾƣȴǶȻһգ
Ȼ򵥵һȴһʱ֮䣬õ𼶱ǿߣж͵һ
ͬһʱ䣬е𣬶ǸܵԼһ£׷Ǹӵؾ㵣֮еǷʲô飬Ȼȹ֮·
ƺתͨ춸Ȼ˫ƷԼĿڣصղһָӦҲаɣ
Ȼ⵽ʲôǡܹͬһʱ䣬Ӱеʵǲ˼鰡ҲǾ㵵صԯߵϣʵԯͷ㵽ǿʲô
һΣԯȴҡҡͷ˫ƺǲش⡣
ͨͺһۣҲεʼԯ˵ǿ϶޷֪ҲֻǽʷԼģȴûз֣ʱԯߵҲ΢΢ᶶһ£ƺҲΪ
ʱķӦǸԲһȴ˾֮⣬ǿ־壬Щ֮У𼶱ĴڣܹĶָоǲ֡
֮УһźɫâŷƶţԶֻʵעһǴĽȻƬ֮жֽ֡


2667 
ɫâϵţƺһ̺Ųƽһ̣֮䶼Ǵһҫ۵ĺɫâ׵عι˳գ
һݺݵ׹
ƣǳǿ֮е䣬޷֮
һһĺɫâݺݵĿȻǷƣ
ͨƣһεĹĳ̶ȣԶֻʵҲһۣûκԽеĵһ뷨Ǿӣ
ӵĸԶһ㣡һεĹǸӵؿ£漰ķΧڵλãҲ˿޷⣡
ȿµһֻʵȼ˵Ϊǿⲻס
һ˲䣬һĺɫâѾǽٵ˷Ƶǰͬʱ֮һһΣֻһƬأ綼ڲţ
֮һ̶һ˲䶯һƬռ䣬˵һƬĿռ䶼˲˰
ͬʱƵ֮УҲǸһĨţһĨ֮âƬ֮󣬾Ȼ֮ԣ޷ֱӣ
ûм˵ʲôʱһźɫâѾǰҲֱӵһգ֮еһâҲûΪһ޸
ûʱڷƿصģһȫ۶ɵľ޸һѾ޸Ƿ֮ʣȻǴһΪѾ޸Ǽʶ
ǣķƣƺʶ˻֮Уһƿ壬ŸֿµֶһǴһ
ʵ̶ֳȣԵѾǲǵǴԸ־ѰǴĻ£̶ֳȵǴ˵ǽҲ
ȻѾŭˣȻԼ־ջѭ֮ĹֻһεĹˣ޷ƻɱĻôҪٴζԷ֣¾ͼΪס
ͬʱȻҲǲΪҪԸԼΪ飬ֻΪԼƿǴ֮Ȼһڽܹ֪
һʱ򣬽Ƿ֮ʡ
ʱƵıʶһֻԵľ磬ٿ֮ˣҲǶΪ˽⣬ֻûܹ˭
˵ʱ٣˵ǿ졣
޸۶ֵʱȻǾ۳ڷеľ޸Ҳͬһʱ䣬Ȼ£
ûо춯صըҲûĿʵâһ̣ƺ֮䶼ͣһ㣬ֻʵ˸ϾƣʱǷʲô顣
ΨһͷǾӣһƬ򣬱⵽
֮У˶һսɫĹеľ޸ǱźȻµƣھ޸֮ȴֱӵرһźɫâţ
֮ڴһֵֽ״̬˫ŭɣܹҲԽԽ£ֱǰһҫۺâã
еľ޸ţǲľˣȻ֮£ŭһǳ¶ֱ۸ǳĿĵ
Ѿ޸ܹ֮飬˵־
һĪĳХӷƵĿһ̣еľ޸Ϊǿҵһ֮õ֮Ϊڶ𣬶ľ
ţǵϿգǱһɼΪ貵Ĺâһ촫ݶ˲һƬ񷶼Ǳһҫ۵âš
û֪֮󵽵Ƿʲô飬ֻֻʵҲǲ㱻õϹ޼еһɳߣͷסǣµԽ˶ǻٻң
˰ģǲҪ
Ϲ޼ҲǴŴɳߣԼһƬǽҲ̲סֱ޷ܣ⻹Ǵô
Ҫɳ󱬷ضˡʱֻҲһµɫԶԶģҲҡҡͷѾǳܹԸķ롣
ҫ۵â֮ȻһƬҵ״֮Уûܹ֮󵽵ôˣǷѾɹֻѾǴ֮УһĨٻң
һεȻǱǰθΪ£ά˰ʱûɢȥ


2668 ٺ
ʱֻʵ˵һε֮дǿǵ޼ɵϵϯܣҲǵľǲǰȥ̽Ѱ
֪ôˣֻҲǵǵصǰһĻȻ޷ǰȥ̽ѰȻǿʼЩۼǼɵ
޷ܵƵҽҲҡҡͷȥӦһ·ƵĲȴǷ֣ǰǳżΪµҪѰҳƵټʵ޷
ô죿Ϲ޼üͷδ
Ψеȣȵһĳ̶֮ǲܹҵǣǴѾʧˣĲǵը֮ನҽغһǲನҲܹԸˣֻеȡ
ʱ統еλҲǳ׵һΪǸӦֵ֮һļµĲѾǳ׵ʧˡ
һǴǽˡԯԱߣͨҲ΢΢ر۸Ӧһ֮ȷûκι֮Ҳǵص
ţʧˡҲǵ˵ͷҲɻʵҺǣǸСӽΣ
֮Ǵ˵ҶûаգôܹͨҲϧҡҡͷϧһӡ
ͨʶƣڽ֮ʣǼһ棬Ҳ֪ƵһЩ¼ͬʱҲΪƵʵȷǲǱˣҪǿ
˵ԯȴǵĿһҡҡͷ¶һĪɫΣҲ͸
ͷڿЦɣǵȳ̶ȵǴ֮£Сӻͨ쵱±һ㶣֪ԯͷƿһЩ֮Կܶ޷飬һκԵģƲǴ۵ľ磬˵ҪܹȿµǴ֮´Ȼе㲻˼ˡ
Ҫ֪ƸղǴ֮ʣõ֮еҲļ²ѣ˵䲻ģȥԣҲ޲ߵĵز
黹ûнΨеȵ֮󣬲ܹȷϡ
ԯߵ̾һ˻磬Ҹ޷͸ˣƽδʶ
ԯ˵ʱ֮ͨͺҲһۣ˴˶ǿ𾪵񣬲ҲǱ˳Ĭԯ߶͸飬Ҳǲ¶ۡ
߰ɣǴ֮ʧˣҲӦȥһˡԯͷеĹȣҲһЩһҲŵ˼ˡ
Уһ˰ɣɵЩˣ֪᲻ҲһεĻˮŵȻһЦ˱Ѹٵʧԭأ֮أ
ʱһռ䣬ȻزЩѺۣƶӰֱӵسֶѾǴӰ½Ǵʧ֮Ҳڸϵˡ
ţȻʧˣˣȴ޷Ӧƶüͷһ²񷣬ƺڱӰҲǶȻڵķȥ
һʱ֮䣬ھ˷ǴĽ֮󣬾ȻٶȷƱã𼶱ǿ߽Ҫ˵أһ̽
ǣȴһƬ棬ѾǴ֮£׵رΪƽأǷԲǧ֮ɽҲܵ˲
ò˵һηԵǴѾúܶ˶𾪲ѣ۾ܹȿµǴǵպǿľ磬ֻǺεȵĿ¡
һ㣬ûܹ˵Ϊһԣȴ֮ˣݺ˫ܱȣվ޷̤һ
һǧѾǱ֤ʵˣȻû֪ȴʵˣǿҲ޷ͻżɾ
ڵȵԼĪʱ֮ǿʼ𽥵ؼˣֻʵҲԥţǷҪȥ̽һϾⶼʱȥˣûа㶯ȻǷǳصķƵİΣ
ȻʱԭһƬ֮УȴǶȻسһƬɫâޱȵҫۣ
ǷƣƾȻûֻۼ⣬ȿһɫâҲ¶˷ܵɫ
ûĲҽҲޱȵؾ㵣ƾȻֱܹǲ˼飬ԭѾĴ㡣
ǾǷһεǴ֮У׵ˣ
һĻȥƺеϣǾǷûҲ˵ѾǽΪĴڣ


2669 
һĨɫâȻƿն֣ǣһɸΪѣһɲ֮ʣʱǾ˲ˡ
£ֻʵҪǰȥ̽һĳ֣ҲȻֹ
ǿֻʵࡣ
ǷƵϢǼһȻ֮ǿ᣿Ϲ޼ɲصڷƵϢȻǿܹ׵ر϶һϢ³ĲȴõΪ֮𾪣
ֻʣϹ޼ɣ˵ϣ綥һ׶ΣѾλ磬ղĻǳɾ
ԣʱϢȴͬظоļ£Ҫ֪ڴ֮ǰƲһ۶ѣǸոսѾӵ˵ܣʵ˾÷˼
Ҽǵ˵ֻҪͻƵ͵֮ͬڣ޵֡Ϲ޼գգۣεصΪһڿЦҲȷͬ˵㡣
޵֣
ƵƾϢǸǵĸо˵ǸոսͻƣӶֻʵȴΪܹλ
Ҫ֪ڴ۾ʱܹƾʱͿռַӶ˿ռ䷨ĴѹƵס֮󣬷ƵĿ֮ͱøΪˡ
ֻ֪̥Ҳҡҡͷôƺûж⣬һѾ㹻ˣϾǵȳ̶֮µǴܹȻǳɹɽһʵš
ʵվǰǰķƣѾȷʵ
ʱ֮еһƬɫâڳһ˲֮Ҳֱӵʧˣڴ֮һƬǳ׵ƽ
ûǴǵȿµĻ֮ûǵȰ纣ֻһƬƬͬһأܹ֤ղֵطǱһ𼶱Ϊ֮յıը
߰ɣӦǰȫ࣬ûǴҲǴҲ״ֻ̬Ҳغһ
̧ͷһ۲񷣬ȻѾǸղǴĶҲǲС˿ŵ˵綼ǸӦˡ
ʱǴѾƽö˵Ƭֽǻ½ǿ߽٣ƺпܻΣգһֻʲԸ⿴ġ
ƸǴǴ֮дΪָ϶ô죬ʱ˶Ҫʲô֮£ǱȻǿɵֵġ
ֻҪ֮ǰѷƸһ㹻ȫĵط
ֻʵȼ֮ҲǷ˴ʱķƣ˾㾲ڰ֮У˫գ˳˯֮С
ֻʵһۣҲǸԾɲ״̬õе㲻̫ҿȥ
ৣ
Ȼʱһֱ˫ķƣȴǶȻԼ˫һֱӵر
֮˸ŵâʱķȷǸֻʵһֺİĸоǰķƣͲͬһˣ
ָоֻʾƵɢһ˲ΣյϢȻϤֻʵȴǺ֪ϢԲڷƣ
˺Сġ
ҽʱҲصصʶֱǰķƺ⣬ǵĸоʮֲԾȴ˵
ֻʵԷ׷˺󣬿ŴʱķƣɫӣԷһ˫˫оԼͺȫ͸һ㣬û˿ܡ
ͨ
ǳƬ֮󣬷Ƶ˫ٶǱϣǵȺ˵Ҳ𽥵ʧʧȥǣһ㣬ȻֱӵشӰ֮е£
ֻʿһĻ˫ȻһɣʶرҪǴӰ֮еķƣҽˣҪ֯
ֻһٶʶؾٶ˸ȥ˷Ƶ֮ʣȴûκķȻֻʴʱȴǷ˳˯һ㡣
û£İɡ
ʱֻҲǻ˻֣˵ʾⲻõģʱķƺĳֻԵ״̬֮У״Ϲ޼ɵҲǰĵ˹
Ƭ֮󣬷Ƶ۽ë΢ضһ£ֻʵ˾֮лֻʵʶɿֱ֣ӵرһξ롣
ӴǸʲôȻ˷ƵһΪֻʵ˺÷ֱӵˤڵϡ


2670 
Ϥֻʵ˲֪һβķƣ
ҲСӿɻعˣϹֵصһŹ´ŷƣЦѾ̬
ƺٶ˹ǰڵİϢҲʧӰ٣ʱķϢ࣬ǰһ״̬ˡ
ţôˣҲڶǴôһã̧ͷԼԴ˲ʵ
ڷ̬Ȼֻʵһ˽ӣͬҲǲ⣬ֻЦЦԺ˰ɣǸոնɹǴɾ
ʲôҶɹǴ
£ҲһӵشӵƺǾȣȻһԼ壬Ҳ¶һ㵵ɫƺ֪ԼѾǶɹǴ
ô£ҾȻǶɹǴ
һãȻԼʲô飬һεǴȻضɹˡ
ֻʵ˸ɻ󣬿һ۷ƵɫƺڿЦֻҲǳˣղſôµǴǶɹȥˣѵûаӡô
ҡҡͷ¶һ˼ɫļԼӲسһǴĹ֮˾һֵ״̬֮С
ԣҼǵõڶι£֮ҾͲǵˡҲǺɻ󣬰˵ԼӦʮֵŶԣԼȻԺ״̬֮˽ʵǷ˼
ҽô
ŷƵɫǿЦֻҲе㲻ԣֻǽҽϡ
Ҳʵ̫˼ˡҽҡҡͷǻô꣬Ǵûмʶô飬ȻڽʱһԼ顣
֮ʲô飬Ǹͨ˵Ҳ̧ͷʵȻǲǵ֮飬ֻʵ˵Ŀ˵飬Ӧܹ²⵽һЩʲô
ֻҲһһʮؽ¶Ǹ˷ƣǺ˱仯ҽ鶼ǲ˹ֱӵŷڵںһ
Ƭֻ֮ʵ˵֮󣬷Ҳ˳˼֮УĹؼ鵱С
ƾԴҲǲ²⵽Ǵʲô飬Ȼڲ֪֮УǶɹǴ˽
գ˺ܾãҲûҲҡҡͷȥҲǲ⵽׷ʲô飬ֻܹԼز²⵽˸Լϵйϵ
ҽǰ顭޷黹ˡ
ҲǿЦһ֮ȷǲڶһ飬ȻѾǸΪһ壬޷˵Ҫ黹ҽˡ
ǺǣȻѡģҲǿˣܹһ֮˽⵹Ҳһ컯ҽҲǺܿÿ鲢Ҳ֪ͣЩ鿴øӵ͸
ҽⷬҲĬĬص˵ͷȻûа취齻ҽȴĬĬؼһ飬˵һҽ飬ܲεĽҲһ⡣
ңͨһ棬Ҳ֪˲ٶԲԼڵǰ֮Ǵ֮ȫΪ˱Ѱϡ
Ǵٵһ𣬷ƾ֪ԼѾ޷⣬һȻǽɹˣͬҲ֪Ĵڡ
ȴ˽⵽޷ֱӵĨɱԼֻͨһЩֶԸԼʱԼǴ˱仯øӾл
ҵǣһηƽضɹǴǳɾȻԼǾԺô˵Ҳ˽ɾ
ķƣһԼΪµô֮ͬУҪԸĻ»ûмĿǰֻʶ˵ԼʮİܹѹƷơ
һεҲǽǸ׻ˣ˵̤¥ƿһһǣҲǿЦԼεĽǰǶǸٵˡ
£һǣû˾ؽСãô̬Ǵܹܵùȥֱ˷˼ֻҲǹһЦ˵һǶѣû˾ûˣ̤¥ٵҲеϧҪ֪̤¥̺֮󷨣ǳֱʡ


2671 ֮ǿ
ҸطɣһǴ綼˲ǿߵע⣬ǴɢûйƴĻӦǻвٵǿ߳֡
ʱֻҲһصصƵҲǺòȥһǿߣǣ˿ɵ
Ƶ˵ͷڵ״̬Ȼ𽥵ظգղ۷״̬ӺοһٳֵģƱػ𼶱Ĵڡ
ȻͻƵҪ𣬿»Ƿǳǿ
ȻڷֻʵҪתȥ֮ʣһƬȴǶȻٶӿЩµĲЩ΢𽥵رǿ
Ҫߣˡ
ֻʶȻͣ½ŲҲ̧ͷһܣеƵصЩϢĽ٣Ʊǿ֣߳ȻܹڷƶɹǴܹеǵģȻ𼶱ǿɡ
ϣ߲ǵ˰ɡҽҲغһȻ֮£ǳ𼶱ĴڣҲǾ̫ϳϼĴڡ
ϣľǣԸ⿴֯˳֡һЦصǣȻ̤¥ѾǲˣϾһ֣ܻ˭ǰҲø壬Ψһ֯⣬Ǿɣ
ңڷƶ˵Ǹӵؾпֱܻӵǰ߷ƣ
Ȼһѻ졣
ʱҲǰһ۷ƣҲǵص
˾㵣ڴʱǰĿռ䶸Ȼظһ̣ɫ۵ģӰǻس˵ǰ
Ӱİɫۣȴ֯һ֣·ƵҲһȻʲôʲô
һ֪ǵĵϸô·Ҳ΢΢üͷ֯ˣȻ޴ڣȻκ˶Ҫظϵ
ǵϢҲ𼶱ģ鷳ɴˡֻغһӰڳ֮󣬲ûκξٶϴݶϢ㹻Ǹоһļ¡
ȷǿߣ¿ˡҽԱҲȷˣλ֯ĴڣȻ𾳣
ƣ߰ɡ
ʱһλֱӵؿڵһģӣһģز¶ϢȴΪˡ
ǣҪҲи޶Ȱɣֻʴʱվλٲӣô˵ط壬ͻĲţ˻ǵֱ֡
ֻǰɣĶͦһӡʱһҲǵؿڣһֻʵǰҪߵֻһˣǾǷơ
λǿߵ˼ԣĿֻһǾǷƣǲ
֯ʱ˲񣬷Ĺͣ˵Ҫ߾ʹߣ
ֻһЦ̬ҲʮֵǿӲô˵ܲŷƱߡ
ͬĻҲظǵĿǷƣҪ֣ݹǲˡһ˵һƺҲǲͷص
ɨһ۹ֻʵϣ΢΢мصȻĶǷҵ֮£ʱûأɾͲֵܹˡ
һûء
ֻغһȻԷ𣬵Բ˲ģ壬һ˲ˣ˵ţ岻ô
ǴȥˣôҲˣҲǸŶ档
Ȼ˹ִҲˡ
λԣҲǲ˷ʱ䣬±Ҫֱӵشߣѷƴߡ
һӣƺֻʵ˶ʶ˺λ𱣳һľ룬Ȼ⿴ȥǳù
ƣ㻹һս֮ô
£ֻҲȻһ·ƣȺ棬˵аܹģĪھǷˡο֮󣬷Ѿǽܹ޷ӡ
ǿĻӦûԡһЦȫʢʱڵĻܹһ״ֻ̬˵Ƿǳǿ
ҵɳߣӦܹסƬ̡Ϲ޼ҲغһеɳߣȻʹһΣ͵Ҫò˵ɳƿֲ
ǰλɵɳһҲǾԲӲ£
Ǿһ£ĳϣʱӦǲˣֻҪǵȵͿˡֻҲΪεص


2672 Ⱥ
Ʊ˵λ𣬷ƵҲ޿ˣϾǰֶܵΣȷе㲻
ԣҲֻѡһƴˡ
ƣʶ㣬Ǹһˡʱһλǿߵؿڵ۹ɨһֻʵˣҡҡͷҼ˵ΪԱסô
λǿߵǿ̬ȣƵûлش𣬷ҡҡͷЩ֯ǿߣ̫ˣҲʲôط
ҪסȻǿԱס
ȻʱһƮҲǻش˵ĶУǾһ㣬˶һ
£ֻʵ˵ɫҲǶȻسһֿϲҽҲؼ±ֱӵصȹ£ֱӵعƵμߣ
ʱֻһۣҲǳ׵һݱҽ߳һ㣬ߣҪֱӵ¹ҲǿԵġ
һοɲ߶ԽˡֻʹһЦǰеĵǳ׵һɨա
ֻʵĻƲ΢΢һ㶣ߣԺҲ˺ŵӰҲǵ˵ͷĳ֣ҪԼ¾ǲôˡ
źŵ£λ֯ǿɫҲȻһ䣬ֱӵ˺࣬ƺǷǳؼɵźŵĳ֡
Ȼһ̣ӰȻϢس˷ƵƶǱһӰʱ򣬲ûκβȻûκεز
ֵȻǺţ
Ļǿߣһԯߣػһ峤һͨ죬ȵߣ
ͷȨ˶ͬһʱس֣ҲõòΪ֮㵣Ҫ֪ƽʱͷ֮УҪһǣҲǷǳѵõ¡
ȴλڴ˵أò˵˾ȣֻҲһԻߺŵĳ֣Ѿǳϣȴû뵽ȴ˺֮⣬ͨ죬ػһ峤ԯ߶ˣ
£ֻҲһɵؿŷƣһϵŶܣȻͷ߶٣֮Уǰ޹ˡ
žȻλͷ٣λ֯ǿߣȻҲûʲô˵ǵĵһӦóһֱӵ飬ȻһֵĲǴݶȥ
ǵⷬٶλͷûֲ֯ݳȥ⡣
Ҳգ֯ߣһλҵҲΪȤһξһɡ
ʱͨҲЦ˼£֪λ֯𣬿ǿλͷˣҲ֪鳬ǵƿأæȥҰˡ
λͷλ֯Ȼûǰǰ̬ȣϾλͷ棬һλԸҲ練ơ
ǸոմǵǴСӰɣ
ʱԯ߽ע˷Ƶϣ´һҲǵ˵ͷ¶һΪɫ
ԯߣƲûʲôУҶԷҲǰ·ҲΪص˵ͷλͷǰڳûܹ
ʱʱƣ𽥵ҲŸǿ֣߳
ЩɶһЩ޲ľǿߣһȴǱǴ𾪵ҲǷ׷׵سɽһʱ֮䣬ǣҲǱȺۼˡ
쵹Ҳܹˡͨ쵭ص𽥳ֵĸǿߣɫҲûжı仯Щǿֻ֣߳˽һ£ʱȻҲ˾ס
ңͷ֣Ҳ˭ôۣԵظǹȥϾÿһ˶ɣһݵȥͷ
ʱ򣬷ҲǶȻ̧ͷ¶һ㵵ɫΪһΪϤϢ𽥵ؿ
ƶôҲˣ
Ƶһ㶣Ƭ֮һǰӰȻس˷ƵǰȻǼæƶ
Ȼƶڳ֮󣬿ƽµķ֮Ҳǳ׵һҲǷˣطƺۼ˲𼶱ĴڣҲһ㶡
עλͷĴڣƶɫҲ𽥵رЩǿߵĳ֣ŷƻźܴĹϵ
ǰôҲˣƵ΢΢һЦѯʵͬʱдƶɶ飬ϾڶɹǴ֮ǰֶΣϢ˰½úƶζҪɶİȫǲõɶ̤벽


2673 Ⱥ۶
ƽ£ƶҲ࣬ڷƵϴһص˵ͷѾǳɹؽˡ
˶ѡЦһⲢǫ飬һεȷҲãҽϵһ飬ûа취ͻơ
ܹƽɹͺã½岢ûʲô£赣ġƶҲǵһЦһ仰һ˫أȻڸ߷ƣɶǰȫźڣӦǲʲô顣
ԣҲǵ˵ͷҲǽ֯ǿϣ¶˳˼ɫ
֯ǿߣ϶޷Լǰ֯ǿٻˣȲ˵ƶڷйϵǿͷڴ˵أԷҪԼĻδе̫ǣǿˡ
ңλͷ϶ҲǲŶԷԼߣһĻžͻǱõȻ޴档
ʱƵɨӶһƬ򣬷ѾǾۼΪٵǿߣȴͷ֮⣬֯λǿߣƶ𣬻ʮǿĴڡ
Щһ𼶱Ĵڣǲͷҫ۹һĴڣջѡ˹һǷǴ̫Ҳǲ֡
ңʱƣ³ǿߣԽԽ࣬Ϊ֯Ȼǻǿ߽٣
ôҲ뵽ԼǶɹһǴѣȴǲ㽫ĵ̶˳۵ǿߣһ𼶱Ĵڡ
ƽʱЩѰ˵ǰѵһȴһӳʮʵ˾̾
ֻʵҲһۣ֪ϲ˵ĵطĵҲǾվ˺ŵ󣬶ڷƣǿ϶Ҳ赣ǡ
ƶּˣκôû֣
ʱƶĳ֣ͨҲ΢΢һЦʵȴ΢΢Ƴ˳ֺ֮󣬺ŵɫȻǱѿ࣬Ȼû̫ԣȴǸպò׽һĻ
ڰ½ţټ壬ܵһǿȻ׳ӵġƶҲЦŵ֮䣬ƺǰѾǵǵĹޡ
ǵļңûпǹô
ͨƺÿһζҪȰ˻ᵽͷУϾô˵Ҳ𼶱Ĵڣһһֶƿʱ䷨
ߡͨô˵Ҳһûж˵ʲôȴǰĲ˳õ÷Ʋƣź֮䣬ʲôԹ
ѾϼһˣѾϹͷԻڰ½ˡƶһЦܵͨĻ
ƺǺ𣬻ƶ𣬶ôص磬ͷ֮䣬϶һЩ˵ѡ
ƶĻشͨҲʼҲûж˵ʲôֻ¶һϧɫ
ͨ죬ҲȰˣÿ˶ÿ˵ѡѡڰ½ȻڤڤⰲţҲǿǻˡ
ʱһֱǳĬԯͷҲǵؿڵһ˵ģȻʵϣڳûһǸһﻹһˡ
ػһ壬統Уȴͷǵһʵ֮ǿߣǻӴĴڣƺҲǲΪ
ԯͻȻ˵һ仰ͨΪ⣬ǺҲ¶һɫԯͷ춼ǳʲôҩôŪһص顣
ӸղŸоǴĽ٣ԯ߾һֱͨͺҲǲ˵
Ҫ֪ǰԯҲϣƶλܹǻع鵽½һĻͷȻ˲١
ƶʼ򣬶ԯͷĻҲǲ÷񣬵ɨһܣ֯ǿߣҲ΢΢üͷ
Ȼʱ΢ϢȻس֣һԯҲ΢΢̧ͷˣαǲأ
仰֮󣬿ռ䶸ȻһϢӰҲֱӵ˺˿ռ䣬Ӷֳɫ۵Ӱس˵ǰ
ɫ۵ӰϣƿΪԵǾǽ֮ϴһ֣
ˣ΢΢һ˫ȫҲ¶˽䱸״̬һҪԵģɵǿߡ


2674 ֮ߣ
Ӱ֮ǿ֮߳󣬳еգʱǳһֹգȳֵ֯ǿҲǳ׵һ
ߣλϡ
ǵĳƺǿԵ֪һ϶ߣĻӦ̫ϳϣҲǽߵĴڡ
֯ͷļܹһͷУߵĴڣͨǺţ˵Ļӡ
Ȼ֯沢ˣӵһĻȨ֮£滹һƳϻһĴڣ˲Ƿȴ˽⵽ϻˣһȫԷߵľ
Ҳ˵֯棬ϻ໥ƺģһ˵˵аʧ֮ǰҪģôҲһֱûб仯
Ӱ֮ͷųǿѹҲǻشݿȻҲûʲô仯ֻʵ˾е಻ˡ
ѹǼΪֲ¸˵λͷѹˣҲǸоԼĺеࡣ
ԸһЩ󱲶ѣЩֶΣ
ԯҲ΢΢һЦ˻֣ҲǴһХ˲ǳɢλǿǿѹ
ԯⷬٶֻ֮ʵ˲Ǻࡣ
ûв´Ļλػһ峤ԯ峤ɣ
ʱվмһӰҲǻؿڵ˳ϵ£һº͵Ů
һ£ͬԯ߶΢΢ؾһ֯ĪһŮģ
ʵϣ֯ڣػһ壬Ҳû֪̫ܣԵһŮģŻ˳Ծڷƶԣǵࡣ
ûмǴĻǸ֮ʥŮʦ֯һߡ
ѵϷϹͷ˵ţ㵹ҲҺܾȰ֯ߣȻһŮģܣҵȶǲԯͷҲҡҡͷЦ˫ûżŶ֣һ㣬Ͼ˫ǺּĴڣҪô֣һ֣ǼɾǾ춯ء
֯ÿһߣŮԡʱԷҲǵؿڵҲ⣬˷ƵϣΪ㵵صǷƣ
Լ·ҲǲûرܣҲֻص˵ͷǳˡ
ѹֻô춼˶ġĪ˵ôһ仰֮ҲӦú֪һЩ˵ʮֵҪ
ҲáʱΪͷ򣬷ƵҲ˿ӳ۹ֱŶԷҲһѡ
ΪˣϣܹһˡȻ֮ߺǿӲرֱӵԼҪҲǲһһ˼ɣ˺㡣
ˣ֯ҪأǸȥˣ뻢ڣҡҡͷɵӲŻǴӦһȥ֯
Сӣע˵̬ȣ
ʱ˲ˣλɵǿߣһλҲǺüŷƣǳҪ飬Īĸ֣Ҫ֪ô
ԣһЦˣЩһﶼ𼶱ĴڣһһǱϴô
˵λ֯ҪˣҲÿʲôطɣ
ʱ˴˽Ӳľ棬ȻǺţϾǣĵ̣ͨԯ˵ûиΪʺϡ
ţߣĪҪס
ʱɵһλ̫ϳҲǳɨӶŵϣǿһܣҪסĻôȻҲͷͬ顣
ĻԼ˽Ҫɵش߷ƣɾͲôˡ
Ǳסס⣬Ҳδ̫Լһ£ҪߣҲطʲôطصǣҪҲУǵͬˡ
仰Ȼޱȵſ񣬲ںŵ˵ȴû˸ɣΪߣȫʸ˵һ仰
һ仰£еҲǶȻرö֯ҲüͷȻȷԷΪʲôҪΪһƣϧ֯󶯸ɸ꣬Ȼǣǿ϶Ҳǲʲô
Ƶϣһ֯ںܣʶһ㣬ǾԲ׵ǰѷƴߡ


2675 ֵľ
ŵǿƣȻ֮£ձøӵ΢Ȼ֯⼸λǿĴڣûʶŵȼ˵̬ȻǿӲ
һʱ֮䣬ЩΧ۸ڶ𼶱ǿһһҲ¶˿Ϸɫǲ֯ȻҲǲͷȴڿȻ֮䷢
ûв´ĻӦøûжϵǰ½һͨ˶ѣţҪ֯ȥô
£֯ǿҲǿûжŭȻе⣬ǰͷǴļɵҲûйľٶ
ȥ
ҡҡͷҲЦ֯ʲô£ԼҪȥΣ
ƣ
ǿӲ̬ȣȻǳ˵Ԥϣ˵ĸоƺҪάƣǳûҪѿһ֯
ţôһ֮ߣ˵⻰ʲô˼
£һλ̫ϳҲվɫ࣬ŵ̬ⷬȣȻõŭѡ
ںŵ̬ⷬͨԯҲǸеΪ⣬ɻؿһۺţһ쵽ǳԴʲôҩôƢô壿
ڷԱߵƶҲ¶һִ㵵ɫȻе㲻⣬ΪҪ㣿
ߣǲǷչ̫ˣаڣĸУڻҪȾָͷ£ҲǲмЦ
ⷬ£ʱ˲˵ľ㵣仰˵Ŀе㲻Ծ͸ͷ仰ʲô˼ͨҲǽɻ˺ŵϡ
ź˵˴ϻۣȻһͨҲҡҡͷЦһߣֶι治Ȼ˽ƶΪʵǸ֡
ƶΪʲô˼ƶԱҲһͷˮģǲǰǰʲô飬Ͼںŵ˽⣬ǰǷɲ˵Ը˵
ǰʱ䣬һɵ˻ȵһλ֮ӣ뵽λ֮ȴѹɵˣҪֱӵضҵȼɱڣȴʧˡʼ򣬵Ѿǲ²⵽˺ҪʲôҿĿǰХѾǰɽ˺ţŻûиͨ죬ȻͨʱҲǱֵ㵭
ĺţ뵽ͨԼһ飬Ӷֱӵ̯֯ƣһĻǿԱסԼȻҲ벻ףΪ
ڶ㣬ͨһε飬ƶΪ͸ͷȫõһʮֱľ棬֯һֱʮֵأƿ͸ͷϢ֮õɵȫʧ㣬վڰ͵͵һЩ顣
ڲˣ˵һ˱ľ棬ôҪԵģͷ鷳Ӧ˵ͷϾػһʵҲɲ⡣
ƺеˣǺŵԸץסһеĻᣬȻûô꣬һδı䡣ƶһЦȻ̫÷ôһ˵ҲԼ˹
Ūãһһһ飬ȻҲΪҪôҲԳһЦ
Ŀǰ̫⣬ȿţЩͷڲģȻҲֻܾ䡣ƶҲǵ˵ͷԲӦ䡣
ţ⻰ʲô˼
£֯λ̫ϳϱǶʱһͷƤ飬飬žȻ֪ˣмһλ֮ߣҲüͷ
һû㴦Ȼ㴦ˣҲ޷̯˵ƳһɵˣҲЦ
ţô£ͨԱƺǰͲסˣЦ֯һֱǧôʲôʱȻǶͷˣ
ƺ͸˵ͷ棬Ȼеͨ벻ס
һӦʶɡҲǵһ䡣
ȵ̫ϳϣѵйϵͨʱǽüͷԴȻ뵽ǸһйϵĻǿɾˡ
һͷ֮е̫ϳϾȻҲɵԵףͨԿ
ңһȻͬô˵Ļ֮ڣɵļϸԵף
ûйϵҲӵйϵҡҡͷҪʱ䣬Ҳȥ㣬ֻб䣬òǰ˵
˵仰ʱ򣬱û˿ı仯


2676 ŭ
ӣҼǵһйģǼ棬пɡͨҲǵͷһ£ƺƬ֮Ǽǵã˵Ĵڡ
빴֯ʥӣڻ̶Ҫֱӵض֡Ҳǲ̲صңҲ׿ڳˡ
úһʱͨ¶һʮ𾪵ɫôܣ
ûŪɣͨҲûж룬ֱӵѿڶ¿ɲС£ǴӺŵĿ˵ҲҪó֤ݡ
ŪûŪȥһ¹һ֪ЦЦ
ңѾˣ֯й¶ܣӶֱӵ֣Ҫ޻ĵӡ
źŵɫ˵٣ͨҲһ˼Уû˵Ļôһ¾ͲֹˣҪ֪֮еĵλȻǲߣҲмһ֣֯ˣôǷ𣬾ֵûˡ
ѵûз֣⼸ȷôʱҲ΢΢һЦƺָ
úһ˵Ҳ¶һȻɫ˵в飿
ŵ˵ͷҲûж˵ʲôһĻȴõ÷Ƶ¶˲ɫȵ飿⵽ôһ£ɽ֮УŶ죬ƺ֮ҲǷ˲ģ
Լһ֮ǰ֮ڣŲٵӿʼеˤɽ£еǱ׷ɱеڻĽҰ룬˵Щɶйϵ
ͨһһص֮Ѿ΢΢شݳһ־˵ɱȻжŭѡ
Ҳڰе飬һ֮ǰǹڻ̶ڵʱ򣬶Ǹʱ򣬽뻯̶˻ûг֯ȷǿƵ͵͵ܵˡ
ڳ֮ȻΪ˻ʬ𼣣ֱɱһЩ͸ȵӡҲǽ͵ȻХ֮У֪£Ҳʮֵ𾪣Ϊ˽Ҳ͵͵ؽһЩ顣
ȱǷЩ飬뵽ࡣ
ȥЩӵܣ濴ȥƺǺȴǺһ㣬ǾǶӣеˣ̶һ֮£Ȼʮˡ
ȻҲ֮еһЩ߲ˣǲ̫µͨҲ֪ȴǲ鲻ʲôһʱ֮Ҳûκͷ
񾭹˺ôһ˵֮ͨʱҲ˹̶һȵӣȫ֯͸ôǵȴǾ֯Ϊɱɣ
ţ˵Щ֤ݣ
£Щ֯ҲǲˣЦһʵˣǼٶַǶ˵ɲһ¡
֤ݣ˶ɱˣҪʲô֤ݡŵĻش˵ϡ
˵һɫ˭ΪϱȻƿ˲֤ݣǵͷȴֱӵ˵һû֤ݣ͵ֶΡ
ŵ΢΢һЦѹܹΪߣκֶΣǹ󣬻˵ֻҪﵽĿļɡ
û֤ݣⷬ
֯ļȻǼû֤˵ë߰ǳ
˺ŵĻش֮ɵļλжһ֤ݻþ㼸֣ûǾˡ
ʵ˵ûдЩ鶼ģ֪Ҫ¶֮ΪȫҲֻʹȵӸ
ȻҲȫسֻһЩײģûжôӱѣһЩܹڹؼʱ̷ӳܴõС
ƺûԤϵһ㣬Ǿͷ֮ı˴ΣҲͨͺ֮Σɲܹ֯˽⵽ġ
Ϊͷ֮еȻбȻһЩϵΪ˴֮䣬ػһ˵Ȼĳֵʹڡ
ͨ첻Ƕʲô飬෴ͨҲǲţŻ˵ѻƭΪȫûҪ
ºŵһȴǵͨ죬Ȼȷͬ˵˶ˣﻹʲô֤ݿԣǶͨ˵Ӻſ˵ĻȻ֤ݣ
һ֯ǧ꣬ǵӷ˰ĪΪǻǴаڵһô
ɭЯ޾ŭ⣬شͨдõһƬ֮¶Ҳ½࣬˶Ǵһ


2677 ս
û֤ݵ飬ﵽɵϣĪҪΪ۸ô
һλ̫ϳϣҲŭѣʱȻǲܹϣΨһǾǴϣȻĻɿܾҪͷΧˣ
Ҫ֪֮ǰܹ֮ȣ壬ܴĳ̶ȣɵĴʼߣаһ֮ɱȣػһ棬һսѾˡ
аǿ󵽺εȳ̶ȣһ޷ݣǸʱͨ컹ߣҲ𼶱ĴڣǿһаıӰһָ޷׷ϵ
һӰܹΪ𼶱Ĵڣ̬֪аǿ󵽺εȵĵز
һû˵Ǹа
ҵʱǴ֮аʧˣ׵ʧ磬˵ͷ֯ԼҲѰҲа䡣
֮ܿ£ŸִԿе˵а߻ħе˵аͷ֣ձش
ȻʵΣֻаԼ֪
ɣûаĴڣȻһȻȻ˵е㲻ˣϾ߿ǴĹϴС
аڵĻȻ޻˵ɣû꣬ôʱͷ
۸Ǿͷƺе㲻ǰ˰ɣΪҲ֪˵ȣ壬ҲŲǵӣֻʱ޷ѡҲص
ͬΪͷ֮һȶǳ飬ɣ϶Ҳ޷⣬Ͼͷͬ飬Ҫ͸Ļȣǲ㹻
ţͨ죬Ϊߣܹһôһλ̫ϳҲͲסЦУҲȻܻǳϡ
ȵЩӱѾǵĻһЩȣǱٳָʲôĻӿɾˡ
Ȼ˵֯ʲôʵԵش֯ļƻ˵ھǳױƻһ㲢Ǽ⿴ġ
ƴʱע⵽ˣ֮ߣƺͷβû˵һ仰ƺǶµĬϣȻһֱ̫ϳڽнƱ磡
죿ͨЦҡҡͷɭȻδһ֮֯ǿߵǧ̣ûǳԣǸӱ䱾ˡ
ʱһһֽ֮У˶ס˺Ȼʱ𼶱Ҫ׼ֵЩһ֣ǿǾ춯صĳ
λߣǵ˼ǲΣ¶Ǹйϵˣ
ʱһֱδ˵֮ҲǵؿڵλߣǱԯͷ֮ȴδŹκε⡣
⻹˵ôʲôԼΪͨͺһۣһ˲ҲǴǵµѹȻؽ٣
ҿΪɵսô
֮ߵصƺǰ˵Ļûκιϵ
ս
ͨһ㶣ҲǷӦ˹ŭ֯ȣھȻ¶һίģս˭˭أΪǻаȿµĴô
Ǿս
ҲƳһ۶ԷҲЦŵȻ㶼ô˵ˣôΪͷȻǲܷ䡣
ûȻûаѹһȺڲ˵ҲǵԣͨɭȻһЦ
ͷԣҲڳڶǿߵľǴ鰡ͷٶҪս״̬֮ô
״֮ǰһΣаǰ֮£ȻаѲ٣ƾ˵ɣܹӵͷʱ
Ҫˡ
ڷԱߵƶ𣬴ͷβǱ˳Ĭ˫׵˺ս֮ȻҲǸ̾һѾҪ֮С
ͷ֯սȻ˶ɣȻͷҪ׵سɵĻҲǻѲٹҪһЩصĴ۲ܹ
ûаɣҲһȻ
ȴǽüͷпղѣͷȻսˣؿɺˣԼǳ׵ر֮ˡ


2678 
ȻģƿûΪһͷ֮սǿԵ֯Լִ෴ֻ֯ӵԼ
ΪԼӵаΨһһˣ
һͷսô֯ǰԼĵΣ˵Ҫһ飬ǾѰҵа
ңһģ۷ӵȥǱⲻ֯׷ɱʱ򻹻пֱӵز˰½һǣ壬ƱؽǸӵΣգԲǷҪؿġ
Ҳ˵һ鲻ܽΣԼǲֱܹӵطذ½򽫻Ǹȥ޾鷳
뵽Ʋ΢΢̾ҲҡҡͷҲǼعעǰһĻͷѾٴսôԤϵδһʱ棬ǲ̫ƽˡ
ڳеգȻǷǳؽţػһԯҲһֱδ̬˹ע⣬ػһҲҪȥĻôǿ󣬿Ҳǵֵͷˡ
ϾڵɣûаһĴڡ
Ȼ˵ĻҲǲʹ˰ݣڱصã
ʱ֮ҲǵصָŷƵ
Է̬ҲһԼЩͷǰɲһСѣõҪԼô˵ĺһͷɽнսһж
ʵϣȷҲǸйϵ
ҿɹܲţɶزڣʿɵˡߺҲʼǲҪ˭˫˺ƤŲء
ȣǸ˵ˣһֱ֮żɻĳޣֻǰһֱѹţһε֮ѹĳޣٶȱ
һΣûаĴڣȻҲǲɣֻҪûаȿµĴڣô֣ǿѹɣ
һεսֻһҪô׵زɣҪôܹͷȻǲΪ˿ã֯ǳֹаϾаȴڣվֻһϲǳֵڶа
˶ڹĵ⣬Ǿػһı̬˵ػһǵΣǲ뵽֮ķһΪȲ㱻аһƣԯͷҲܳ档
ʱԯȴǵؿڵػһػһĹأΣ磬Żǳ֣һɲܲ뵽ַ档
һ仰ȻǱԼ̬ȣǾ壬ɽս飬ػһ޹أػһҲǲֵ档
ԯ˵仰ʱҲһ˫أǾǴǵģһ֯ٴвȣôػһ϶Ӳܡ
ԯߵı̬ڳǿ߼Ǹе⣬ҲǸо֮УϾػһĴΪģҲΪһ㣬ػһܹΪػһ塣
Ȼԯ߶̬ˣͨ˿ûио⣬ͷܹ֮һĳ̶ȣΪŸ֮Ρ
Ȼʱ֯ļλҲһۣȻ֮£Ȼֱӵس֣ǵĿ꣬ȻǷƣ
ǵ־ٶȻҲǳ˲˵Ԥϣͬͨ컹кŶûԤϵõ֯ЩˣȻ֮ţֱӵصЩǰˣ
ǿɻĹŵġŭһҪȥǴʱӦʱѾΪʱϾ𼶱ĴڣҪô֣Ҫô־һ˲飡
ʱλ֣ĿȻǷƣ
ڷƵԱߣƶҲȷӦһ̤ǰҪԼֶסЩˣϾǾԲܳµġ
Ȼ֯ˣԤıȻǾȷˣôûпǵƶĴڣȻһ֮ߣһ㣬ӰѸٵرһƱǱƶ
ƶľΪΣΪһΰƶɹǴԭ򣬴֮ľ磬˵𣬵ѾӲ˵ܹƿز֮Ϊ֣ͬɶˡ
Сӣ͸һˣαط
һλ̫ϳҲЦֻҪѷץסʳа䣬ͷкξ壡


2679 
ʱƵ˵ʮֵΣƶǵֵסλ֣֮£źͨҪæѾΪʱˣ
ȻǲԸıɴߣΪһߣǾĺпûжõ³ˡ
Ĺͷ֮£ƳХһڰǼٶתռ䶼ǸЩȻ޷ôƾԼ
۽Ƴ˺źͨѾǷӦ˹·ΨһҪľǣŶ༸룬㹻ˣ
һ㣬ǷȻǾüǲ˼飬һոսȻҪֵסλֲ׽ֱ췽ҹ̷
ǷȷģΪ̵ģʱ䷨ҪĲǿλ𣬶΢һ£һʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
֮λԼ֮ǰŵͨͺ˵֧Ԯ
һʱܱҲһֵĲʱһɵ̫ϳϿˣҲѸٵЦڴҪֵô
ȷλһ֣ƣǷǳغˣǷͷȻԴУ
֮ܿڷܱݶֲ𽥵ɢ˿ռ֮УֱӵӰ쵽ӭλ
λʱ˿ȴҲǶȻһǱĳһ㣬Ȼ˵֮£Ӳرͣٶס
ʱ䷨򣡣
֯⼸λҲǷӦ˹ɫһʱ䷨ȻҲʮֵȴûϵڷƵȴǳ
ôܣʱ䷨֮УҲΨܴеʥŮǿôܹӵ
£˶ܵͬĳȻʱȴǷǳضݣҲһ㣬λͣôƬ̣̺ѹҲֱӵػ˷ʱ䷨
ɫȻرò԰ףһѪֱӵݵʱ䷨ֱӵرλѹ˺飬Ҳ˷ɣ˲ᡣ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƸоԼ嶼Ҫһ룬һӰȻسı󣬷סߺȻͨ죡
ͨͺˣѾǸ˹õʱ䷨ΪԼȡʱ䣬Ѱ˵ֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬵Ƕڴʱ˿˵ȴǾ˷һ
룬𼶱Ĵ˵㹻ǷܶˣǰӦһĺźͨˣȻҲܹץסһλᣬֱӵؾ˷ƣ
ߣôĵӣΪǵļô
ʱ򣬺Ҳǳ˷ƵǰֱӵɵλɫҲ˿ز壬ѹҲǴɵλǿѹݺݵײһ
ƴʱɫ԰ֽȻ˷ɣȻҲ֤һģɹˣղǵ֮£ҲΨʱ䷨΢Ӧλ
ƴûԼλ֮ӵȴǿԼƬ̣һ룬Ҳ㹻źͨ
ʵ֤ҲǳɹˣźźͨԱߣȻ赣ܹ֯Լߣ
ȻʱɵλǿҲһֹסΣǼһۣȻҲ¶˼Ϊɫλ֮£Ȼ޷һ˸׽֣⴫ȥҲЦ
Сӣҿǵ͹㣬Ȼӵʱ䷨򡣡
һ̫ϳҲɭɭصΪŭղŷݶûжԼʱ䷨򣬿´ʱźͨϹҲûκεΪ
Ƶ֣ȻǿԴݵĳˣǺźͨˣҪˣҲѹǲܵ顣
û˵ҲңʮΣյľٶһǰԼ͵ϣǾûܹȵˡ
ߣ
£֮߿ѾǴʧ˽ƴߵʱȻҲûκãҲ⣬Ͼĵ̡
ôڵҪˣǰȥˣſһĻȻǲ²⵽е̣ЦһҪߣûôף
ţ߰ɡ
ȻʱͨڱҲǻص΢΢һ£Ȼᣬ֯Ҳֱӵƿնȥûκûгֹһ㡣
ôǣҲһƣղҪˣͨȴǡ


2680 
ǣҶ˺δܹ¡
ͨҲǵصʱһ۷Ƶ״ֲûж⣬Ҳǲźۼص˵ͷò˵ƻһЩֶΣȻǿλֹ֮£ܹӵǵ֧Ԯ
ϧˡԽĻôȻҲǳɾͲκε򣡡ҲһϧصղǸᣬŻܹѶԷǾֵá
żǣȱ˭ӵԹɣ֮䱾սˣҲһ֮ǰĶԹˡͨ
ԣҲ侲˵ͷڸղǵ֮£Ȼǲʺ֣ϾԷӵȻҪǿ±ˣǼǲʵ顣
չ󣬿ҲҪٶˣһαȻҪ׵زڡͨҲ૵ص֮ҲȻ̺һĨ⡣
ʱƶҲǻز˹ߵ˷Ƶߣһƣֲû̫֮Ҳһ
ллλǰ
˴ΣȻҲ֪ԼĴʮֵΣգͷ棬½Լӳɵħơ
޷飬ֻһӶѣȻô֣ǾֱӵرսŶڷƲûдƫҲΪɵص˵һε飬Ƕл㡣
ںⷬȻҲһ㶣Ҳ̲סɻʵĪǣսȹΪ
ӺŵһҶԼزһε飬²Լ֮еɣûв´ĻǺźͨͷһƺõģԼҲǱɱڹ
Ҳ㲻ϹΪֻǽƶΪҡҡͷХ֮󣬳˰еȵͬʱҲ룬ȶǱɵ͸ôΪһȻȣôأ
ԣ֮£ҲֿʼԼڲһЩˣò˵ȻҲʲôȷе֤ݣǽҲġ
ɵӣȣ嶼ڣֻºŲûʲô֤ݣЩԼɵˣҲûа취ʲô
ǣһηƵ֣õú뵽˽ƶΪϾô˵֯ͷ氲ӣȻǶͷûκκôҪֵס
ԣһݣűֱӵ˺Ƥ֯սһĻ֯ҪһЩв֮µĻҲ޷͵͵͵ˡ
úŵⷬͣ·Ʊǻ˹ԭˣԼʱҲǲòޣȻ껹ϵĽƻȻܹ˵ؽƶΪ
һȻͷ֯սˣܴ𵴣ȻΪ˿Գ׵󻼣źͨҲ¶˾ģһβΣҪ׵ذ֯
һΣǳϣȻ֮ڣѾǱ͸òˡͨʱ΢΢̾һ֮ڵڶ棬һ֣ǵʮֽܳĵӣպܹΪȵм
ȴɵӣһͨ첻òΪ֮ϧҵǣΪ¶˳ʱգȵ֯Ҫʲôʱ򣬿µʱͨԼ޷õǸʱЩӻʲôӦ
֮ҶҲˡŵص˷Ƶϣʵʲô㣿ذ½
ںŵ׷ʣƿЦҡҡͷԼôܹ׵ػص½ԼΣС飬һǣ˰½֮ϵ壬ǿɾͲһСˡ
ңƼǲò²ҲǷǳ֮У鲼֯ĶĿֻҪԼһ뿪½ǵһʱ䱻֪
Ǹʱûͷıӣһ壬»޷֯ᲢۣǼ˺ȻҲ޷֮⣡
ԣĿǰð취Ǿ統Уȴһεķ粨ȥ֮ԼʺϷذ½
Ҳֻ½ҵ֯Ƕ԰½֡ȻȻҲǸӵصİ½塣
֯ˣѾ֪ԼݣʱΪѰҵаһϢǲϧһֶΣֱӵؽǿڰ½ǵҲδǲܳ֡
İɣֻҪǸΥԼôͲͷսˡʱһҲǴ


2681 ǰ
΢΢شһ£»عͷһ£˵仰˺Ȼԯߣ
ԯ˵ⷬƵҲǰµĲҪʲôֶΣΪ׽ԼϧһֶΡ
ػһ˶˵ˣ֯һԽˣֱӵؽڰ½ôҪԵľͲֹȺ壬Ȼػһ壡
ػһĴڷǳضأκεķ֮У壬ΨһһֵģǾа𹥴֮ʣǳ棬Ȱа
ңػһ֮У˵һ֮ϣûػһʲôͨͺҲǲ˵Լʮֵ
ԣĿǰԯߵı֤Ҳǰࡣ
ǰˡҲصһ±Ǳȭԯߵ
ްȻػһ޷κķ֮еҪĳЩһƻػһȻҲǲӲܡԯЦЦͬʱź򣬳٣Ҳ幹첻κв
ԣ˵ͷ壬Ϊź˵ȻҲһЩ̣Ҫ壬Ҳɳλܹ
Ȼ˵Ļ㲻弴ɡʱͨҲǵص֮УȻǲܹɸߣõľ÷ͷ֮һ
ģⲢΪΣҲǲϣɸ߰ɣͨҲ·ǣҲǽ͵
Ҳǵ˵ͷʾ⣬֮£磬ԼܹȥĵطҲֻȣˡ
Ϊһ̿ʼɵĶĿȻʱ̵ڹעԼһԼ䵥ˣ»̵ܵ֯׷ɱͷս֮󣬶ǶԣаԵøӵҪˡ
ҾӦȡ
ʱȴǵؿڵͨԲɵ΢΢üͷе㲻ΪκҪô˵
ΪΣͨҲ׷ʵԱߵԯȻҲ¶ȤɫϾʶֻʣȽϺһ㡣
㲻˰ɣͨ쿪Цص
ŹһЦҲǵԭԼˡ
һ£ʱͨӵɻ⵽飿ĪлԼ飿
ԣɵӺԣ¶һεɫΪô˵ХҲǽԼŻʸ˫飬ظ˺š
ˣͨ죬һ˸˵ſڵɫŹֵؿһ۷ƣҲǶͨ˵ǰ֮䲻ǴҪһô
ͨ˵ͷȷǣҪͷĹϵһЩҪϾûʲôìܣǵµЩˣȻ壬Ƕű˴һЩɼƾһĴڡ
˵ǻʸ˫ֻʣͨƬ֮󣬲¡
ţûҸıˣֻʸѾͷˡЦŵǶŷƣõ÷ֲֹ˼ĸо
ΪʲôͨԻˣɲǺŵ·񰡣
ǼҵʥŮƺˣҲһԹϱЦЦ
ˣͨһֹɫźţе㲻ԣϾΪͷĵӣ˵ԸʲôһнΪŵ档
һ㣬ͷ֮еĵΪʮֵԺܶʱ򣬼ΥǵĸԸվҲֻŵİš
ȵȣò˵ѾͷСӰɣ
ͨҲ޴֮ˣ˷ƵϣϾŵ߿һֱڷϲòɡ
ֵزȻҲǲܼװɵҲغһûҡ
仰£ͨҲ˳Ĭʵǳ⣬ʸ˫ȻǺͷƲ֪֮Ѿϵˣʵû֪
ǻˣͨȻǲܣȻƴʱе㲻ͬŵƺҲΪ޳ɻʸ˫ͷһ
Ȼô˵˵ȡȡˣõеѿͨ쵱ҲΪãͷԽһ֮ĹϵΪƵĳ֣˵ȡȡˣ
ǰ˼ǣƵҲСʵ¿ǹϵʸ˫Ҹɲݵİ


2682 ҪȢˣԣ
ƴʱҲ΢΢ؼһΪͨĻ濴ƺͨ첢ҪֱӵؾܾȻҲôһ䡣
ĻǾʹŻϷ
ֻڷƲ²ⲻͨ룬Ͼܹ½Ҳֻͨһˡ
ѾҪƵ˻ԼôȻҪҲǲܵ飬ͨҪôҲǾŻʸ˫Ĺޡ
Էڴͨһ£Ȼ֮ûĵԼһ飬ȻҲڲ˿дţȡڱ˿ڱ
ͨ˵ûľͷ֮һһʸ˫֮УҲŲ֣ϾҲȵʥŮ֮һ磬ĸſԸݵʯȹ֮¡
ңһЩˣͲ׽Ӱ֪ȺͷҪ֮£ȴҪȡһʱ֮䣬嵹ûʲô飬ȾͻǱ˵ˡ
Ϊͷ֮ϣϷͨԥҲڷƵ֮Уҵǣƺͨ첢ûֱӵط÷ƿϣ⡣
ǰԣʱν취ƴʱҲǳסʵϾȨڱ˵
ңƵԼѾǺܴòˡʱҲǷ˷ۣԭΪһεܹñ˴˵ĵܹ⿪϶뵽Żʸ˫һȡ
֮£˵ХˣǺҲǲˣôҲǲľͷ֮£Ȣһ˵Ů˻ʲô
£ҲǽͨϣҲֻܹһƵķ
ĬƬ̣ͨǻ̧ͷһƶ𣬲ҿԲ󣬵ǿںɺƶϣҸһλᡣ
ͨ˵Ҳ͵ǰһҲǹʵǰ˵
ɣһڰ֮󣬾һαףһɢϢȥʱ˵磬ǰ½Ҳ֪˭ܹڱ֮ȡʤǾͿԱ˹飡
ͨ˵뷨˵֮ȻҲ÷΢΢شһ£ףͨȻְ취
ܹſ֮˹ھ㷽ʸ˫ߣòھҲֻܹ㼼ˡ
̶ͨصһ˵ǹ֣еˣףȫǿʵ˵ֻҪܹӮȺǾͿԱ˹顣
ƽҲõİ취֮һϾʸ˫ΪȵʥŮҪӭȢûһʵȻǲԡ
ң֮ͨҲǴԼС̣ʸ˫ʥŮ֮˵ʱ򵥿űһ飬ܹǿߵĵ
Ҳһ£Ϊɵ͸õõһǱһˣ˫ս֮£Ҫ飬ѰҸǱɿһܹδȡ
һĻͨ뷨νһ˰
Աߵĺ֮ȻҲ΢΢һ㶣ܿͨеˣƶһۣҲҡҡͷϺ껹ƶܹ࣬ˡ
෴֮Ҳһ׵Ļ£Լʵ㹻ţȻƾΪһܹɵĲࡣ
Ȼ²ⲻ͸ΪͨҪҲûôֱ࣬ӵص˵ͷãȻǰĻҷĳ˱ȻҲǺ飬һƾʵ˵
ΣһηƶҪͨĻᣬ߻ʸ˫ԼһαУ޷ЦĻǾֻؿŻʸ˫޸ˡ
һڷ˵Ȼ޷ܵģֻѡӦ
˹ȻȻ˵ĻҲûбҪһˣֱ֮ӲμӱɡͨҲǴһӣֱӵ˾
ͨҲҪʱúðһε飬ܹʵһǿߵĻǳΪȵһӣ⵹Ҳһ¡
պ˵ܹͨһε飬һӳΪȵô͸ʧЩмȻҲǵˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲֻǼ壬ð֮ٶֱӵǰȣ


2683 ף
ȷ֮ͨҲüҪɾͶΪѾǺ֯սˣôȣӦ˵綼ܵ
ΪҪľǣͨҪ취Ŀǰ֮ڵļϸ׵ץ˵ЩǰӣѾûжˣǱȻǣ֮ڣһЩΪҪӡ
Щˣ˵ʮֵҪͬ˵Щ˵Ĵڣܹвȵ
£ͨҲǻ˻ֱ֣ӵȥһͬȥĻԯߣֻԯ֮ǰƺǶ࿴˼۷ƣƺ⡣
Ȼһûע⵽ͨ컹ǺŶע⵽ˣԯߣ˿ʮ˽⣬յµԯ߱ƺ˷ƵĲѰ֮
ͨͺҲûе׷ʣ֪ԯ߲˵Ļȥ׷Ҳʲô
Ŀͨ˵ȥʱЩ𼶱ĴҲǸԵɢȥˣʱ̿ʼƽɵ磬ٴΪͷ֯սö
ʱ䣬͸ֻʵ߰ɡʱҲҪȥ壬ȻҲҪֿʼ׼ϴһ塣
սʼͷǺݺݵضһΣŲ֪ԼǱ˶͸ˣܹͱҪ
Ƶ˵ͷҲĿźŵȥ
Сӣá
ʱ˵ȥȻֻҲǿ޼ɵظŷƿЦķƵļףʵ벻绹ʲôܹȣ
΢΢һЦҲҡҡͷô˵֮Ի˭Ҳ˭ǿģһ˵ҲðһҸĴڡ
ٺ٣ҲǡԱߵϹ޼Ҳӣ֪кüǲҵģǶһЩϹĵӡ
ҾͲ˻ܱһӵرֻ̬ʷ˷ۣ죬仰Ȼ˵ǶڷĴڣǾãܹԽʵǲ࣬ǸոսǸоĴѹ˵ˡ
ߣôȻǱףСŮҲ㡣
ʱһŮҲǴŮ𣬶ʱ֮£ҲͷһˣԱ߿ǻһĵĴڣ
仰˿ܹĳ⡣
΢΢̧ͷͶҲεӺԣ֪˵ɶãһҲתȥһȺ֪Եˡ
Щ֮УΨҽһ£Լؾãƺ֮һֲɸ˵ĹϵĵȥҲûôˣɨһܣԭٵǣʱҲǱһƬ˵̤¥ˣѹǴ֮У׵ػ˽ٻңҲڡ
ıǸˣɸǴְǸˡӺԣеεضֻʵȻһǴƻҲǳĳ̶ȣ֪ˣǲѡ֮ڶɽ٣ܵһû˵ĵط
ˣ˵ʲô˼ֻʵҲǴȣҲǻ˻֣һжѣ˶ãȻٶȳ֡
仰˵ò٣ֻҪһʱѣΪ˿ϧľ̤¥ˣֻʾҲûκΰ취ֻʼҲ׷ǲ
ʱƶ𿴼˽⣬Ҳǵ˵ͷתŷƵȻûʲô飬ҾȻذ½ˣǱߵˣڵ㡣
ԣҲǵ˵ͷͷǰһˣ£ö鷳λġ
Ȼ仰̺˼ʱ̣һɶϢȥǿɾǣֹܹˣһεĶǳ׵Ӱ쵽塣
ƶ𼴱ǲɶݣͨһε飬ҲԼز²һ㣬Ȼûа취ҷȷϣҲܹԤϵһɶĴñ֪ȣɵĶУ壬ǱȻһԵ顣
ƶ˵ͷҲתȥڳŶһûпʼҪץʱ䣬ص֮УźԲߣԱǶԸҪ顣
ƶȥƵȼҲҪҸŵˡ


2684 ˮ
ʱǣȻǲؽҲҪһβ̵ʱ䣬Ե£ֻʵĴ֮£һҲȥ˲Զһ
ֻͬҲϽΧ֮ڣ֮ڵһŵӡ
磬鶼Ƕ಻ʢ٣Ͼͷվ۷壬¿϶СͶǾܹΪŵˣһ͵ĴڣӴĺĻܣֻǹһͷѡ
ֻʵһȻҲû֪ͨκˣϾʱͷѾǺսˣΪ⣬ôƵİΣΪҪ
ܹ¶һ˵ټȻá
һˣ˷ƻֻʣϹ޼ɣҽͱɣģҲΪƣʲôԭԭǵķ֮ϣԱǼǵؽûиһ
һ㣬Ҳ΢΢һĿǰĴôΣҲǸ⣬취Ȼĵ飬Ȼʸ˫Ϊֻ֣ʻԼϵǳ֪Լ飬ǲֻ֪ʻô롣
ǰΪҪ飬ȵȴ֮ȱһ˳ʱܹ˳ؿ顣
Сǵֵǲǰĳţһңдšˮǣ
˵һŮƹܣ֮еŵҲƲͣԼϯ֮ơֻҲʼˮǾҲ̫ԶҲΪϤ
Ǻȼ˴磬ͷ̹¡Ϲ޼ԱҲҡͷ̾
Ҳ֣߰ɣȲҪǸˮǵĳѰطס£ð֮ǰȡֻʳһ£Ҳֱӵ˾
еţһ˵ܹأȻҪأƵҲû˿Ͼ˭Ҳ뱻֯ûûҹ׷ɱš
󣬷һ˱ǻ߽ˮ֮Уȴûעõǣǽˮǵһʱ䣬ѾһӰע⵽ǣҲǳһɱȥ
ˮ֮ڵĳһͥԺ棬ﻨ㣬һŮڰ֮ͤ䣬һ˫գһ֮ա
˹ȻѾˮǡ
ʱһӰȻƿճֱ֣ӵصȹ֮ͤⱨ
ǰ֮ͤϵŮҲǶȻ˫һĨ˵⣬Ҳǻ˻֣һ峺ĺ촽֮дȥ
ţ֪ˣȥŪŵĵطעݾˡ
ǣ
ǰȹصӰȻҲֱӵʧͥԺ֮ٶʣŮһˣû˳ֹһ㣬ֻʱŮҲǴһǷĵصȻˣαز
֮󣬿ռҲٶȻϢػŤţһӰȻٶƾճֻ֣һӰɫۣؿϴһǳȻ֣
Ӱ̧ͷ֮ʣȻϴǱߵĴ
¶֮ǻŮӵϣͫҲһĨ񣬲ܿصȻϣѡˮˡ
Σкιϵ
ŮӶڴĳ֣ûж⣬ǲ̲ص
ΪûϵӦ֯ôպһѹͷ֮ĵλҲͲһСǵĳ
ŮӳҡҲѾɹô
вô
ɹ֮󣬻ŮӵɫȻһߣɱ⣬͵վһۣضŴҪЮΪջܹȻվǰô
仰֮󣬴ӻŮҲǱһɾ˵ϢǼ䣬ԭƽͥԺǴһ磬ĻΪ֮
ҲһλᣬѵҪĽôҡҡͷҲǵصڷѾǽˮǣĵ̣Ҫϣ㲻ùܡ
ŮӾþóĬԲõǣƺǼΪȶغ˺üǽƽһҪǰĳ嶯ʵܳ嶯ΪԼûɵԼҲǱɹơ


2685 Ȧ֮
ʲôֻҪúõؼǣֻҪù죬ɵǿ߾ͻǽٵҲɭһЦ˻Ůӵϣܿ˰ɣҲǱ¶Լݡ
֮󣬷ҵãԼǽ⿪ҵɹƣŮ֮ųɱ⣬ҪǰĴһ㡣
ҲǿǷԸſԡһЦӰҲʧͥԺ֮УһͥԺǳ׵ƽ
ģ
ĿŴȥĵطŮӵƺҲ޷ѹ֣͵ػһۣ֮䣬ͤǴݻٵ
Ů˷йе֮󣬲ǻƽþùҲһ㣬ɫƺԥʲô
Ȼʱˮ֮УֻһȴǻȻ֪ԼƺѾٶȲһȦ֮У
ˮǵһصĽ䣬ӰҲǻسһƫƧͥԺ֮Уڴ֮ͥԺ֮ҲǱһӰģȻʡ
ԴǾϴڻ̶飬Ȼص֮ڣ㱨鱨Ҳܵ˼ӣڴĸװ֮£ҲǳΪ˸ڴߵıڡ
ǴأҲޱ˻ȥȻԴ˲ôðµŲôһ⡣
ǹȻ㣬Ѿ뵽ǻˮǣһҪûǳ׵ҲǻȻʲôɫֱӵص
һΣƱҪŴȥ˿ʧʰһ۴Ҳǵص
̧ܣɫһӾʱҪѷأĿǰǲͷ
Ȳ˵ʲһȺҲʮֵӷƣҪѷƻŴɡ
ģҿɲôżɱҪĥ֮󣬲ʹ֮ȥҲɭɭһЦŵľɱ⡢ûм˵ʲôиһ䣬㵹бɱ˱˵
һŮôˣܹҪЮǸǵҪ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳʲô̧ͷʵ˵ŮӣȻˮǳãԼ֮ǰǿеֶΣŮߣԱǴﵽвԷĿģҲȷˡ
һҲǵصǾֱߣٶԼӰһɫĴ
ڣƵˣˮ֮ڣѰҵһջһҲֱӵסϾǿɶҪˮ֮ͣһʱ䡣
ڿջ֮ڰ֮֮ҲһƺҪʲô顣
֣ȷˮûжôƳ֪ΪΣڽˮ֮ľѾԼһֵǣΣǰܣΪһĳ̶֮ߵһЩܾͻǱ£ʲôΣգǻǰһָо
ֻ΢΢شһ£ҲЦİɣ̫ˣҺ㶼װòѰ˸ϲ
Ƶ˵ͷֻ˵ĻҲûеƺһҪ飬װһҽͱɻϹ޼ɶûС
֮ǰѾ˵ĻǽˮǵĳҲ˵ȻװıòûװȻҲһԱϳ
ҲΪһ㣬ڽ֮ʱȻҲǱע⵽һο˵ֻŷ֮ʧˡ
ҲֵǣϹ޼ףбɺҽ˼ӼܹϳļǺ٣ǶǳϤ˲ܹ϶
ȴǼϹ޼ɣȻҲܹ׵رɺҽ˵òݳ
»аµʱ䣬֣Σ˳Ĭһ£Ƭֻ֮Ҳǻ̧ͷʵ
ʲôҸոսҪһȻĻʱɱҲδŰٷְٵİա΢΢һЦոͻƳɹڵľδȹ̣ͻƣƺڵҲԾһǰΪеĲΣһҪʱúõϤһ
ţҲҪһעһԼڵ⡣ֻʵɫ΢΢ر࣬仰˵ԱߵҽҲǸص˵ͷ
֪˵ʲôڶɹǴһ̣ԼʶǻԵģӣƺԼڻ̺һˡ


2686 
һˣ֮Ҳûʲô˵ģ̸һ֮󣬱ǸȥǻصԼķ֮У΢زһЩơ
Ǵ˴ʱˮţȻΣǱҪһЩֶΣҲҪġ
ɨһԼĽ֮󣬷Ҳƣ˶ʼԼڵ
ĹƶϰԵغһСΣǷŻӦȻһغӦ˼֮󣬷ûʲôӦҲʼ׼Ҫ״̬
ʱڶȻسһۿ۳һСŮģȻʧȥϵʱСΡ
СεͻȻ֣ҲǴһ£ôͻȻˣ
СΣôˣ
һɻؿͻȻֵСΣСһЦеɫ
˯˰Сʼװһʲô֪ɫ
˯ô£üͷСϸоﲻԾ˵
֮ȻҲǴл治ǳΪȡӴҲǽ˳˯״̬ȴ֮ȫҲѹ
Сαŵɵ˷Ƶļ֮ϣԵƤɫ
С־ٶҲǼֲ֣±´һСΣɻʵô֮ʲô仯
СԴһᣬҡҡͷԺصûС
ô˵ƾͲ㱻ȥѾģô֮ԼյľܲһֶѣԼվڴ۾۷ˣ˴󲿷ֵ֮Ȼûκα仯
һرĳһ仰ܼҵ⡣
СһЦǲںƵ飬´һƵ壬ҲǲصףȻͻˣ
ȻСδʱǲƶ˯֮ǰѾͻһ磬ҲΪ졣
ǵȻûɶˣҪһ¾硣ƻ˻֣ҲһСεĴڣԼʧȥʶ֮ʱʱʱƿԼ壬Ŀǰ˵ƺֲǣкìܡ
ƲţǼˣȻʱ벻ǾԲˣҲ˱չС
ƽ˫״̬֮УСεɫȻһ䣬ǰЦɫʧȡ֮һɫʱΪͬһʮֹĸо
ֻһĻȴûа취ѾǳԼڣʼ۲Լı仯ھ֮ĴգټǴϴ˶ǵõһȫµɱ䣡
ڷƵ֮УڵĹһɢӫʯ۶ɣǾҲǼޱȣϵתţĳ̶ȣ֮ǰ˵ǲ˼ĳ̶ȣ
Ƶʶ˵֮ǸӵؾˣȴһžɫĹâۣɫâڻΧžɫâơ
ɫâȻǴ֮ĵɫĹâȻ飡
ʱƵѾ̺Ŀ飡Ŀÿһתܹ˲õ̺޾ʱҲǿʼרĵо
Ŀ飬Լƺûϸһ̼ǵãǰ飬ǸһŷһĿھ
ڵö飬ȴûκջҲǽעڵĿ֮ϣĿ̺ʲôܵĻֻһžؾ
ʵ棬ͬҲ̺һܣֻķƣûеǸʱȥ⿪ܣ˵ĺôѾֳˣֻûвѡ
£ƵʶҲٶǹעĿ飬ǰĿ飬ҽţǿȥҽֻǿ֮ڵİȴûøһεĶ
ʱ򣬷ҲؿʼоƺǸԼĳһЩϵҲԼһˣܹĿ飬Ҫ֪½ȻҲŲڸֻԵɺ֮ʣù飬Ҳûмһܹͬʱӵ꣬˵ǷĿţ
ڷƵʶ֮ʣȻ֮£ĿҲһһµĲҲǴһ֮дݶ
Ȼвɸ˵ܣʶؾϲһԼûв²ķõ÷ĳ˾ϲͬһ㣬ÿһ֮ڣ̺һȻ⣬ûв̺֮ʲô


2687 
ʶ飬һµĲ֮ڴݶƬ֮ƵԺҲǶʱһ֮ڴݶĲҲԺܵ
ҲѸٵתתûǴ飬ǵת֮£ƵԺϣһʲôҪǿнԺ֮С
ѾϤŵķƣҲǲκεֿ̺֮һӶֶͨΣԼ
ǿԺ֮кԼֲʵĸܣ֧ʱ֮󣬵֮ڵ飬ǻֹͣתƵɫǱࡣ
ˣ
һ̣ƶȻ˫һٶȻҲǽԱµСθһһﲻ˵ҪչôôͻȻ֮ôѹ
Ȼ˫֮ȴǶȻط֣ԼԴ֮ѾٶȶһµķţźȻǴӵĿ֮ݶģ

૵ͨԺıϣһµķ̺֮һΪ
Ȼڷƻû֪ŵʲô;ǴôϿƺ⿪Ĳ򵥰Ȼȴûע⵽ԱߵС˿֮ʣһ˫֮ҲǶȻһ¡
ôˣ
ʱСҲٶȻָǵЦɫԴؿŷơ
ޣû£ոһѡҲغһǵĿ̺֪֮Լǻʲô
ǰķķţһһſȻҲǲСӡ
ûСεɫ仯ҲٶȾֱر˫Ҫ̽һνĿźε˲֮
Ʊ˫һ𣬶Ȼ֮£Դ֮дһҲǶȻޱȵԾԺ֮С
أߣͽԼһһ֮ƣ֮ʣܹӳű
ǿһĻȻľѾǳ𾪣⿪ֱһֱֻҪ⿪ܹԼӳһ˵ھأôǴﵽһ£ӲؽԼű
һ£ڶԾ֮УͻȻطӳһӵоűĹԱ˵Ǻεȿµ뷨
Ȼڷ˵ǳջ
֮һĲ࣬ҲܹɷǳĽҲɻӵЧ⿪ɹģҲǻʮãɡ
ȻڷƼоȥǷ֣⿪ȻԼǰ޽⣬˵бף⿪ǰᣬúܶ
ҪҪΪǿһ磬Ҳ˵۾ĴҪôǿſԣ
ȻҪˣ
ܹõ˶޷ɹǶڷ˵ȴǼΪؼ򵥣ĴѾǴﵽһ޷Ƶĳ̶ȣԶ
ԣڷ˵ǹϵѾӵ⿪
ΪȰԵĹʥͨǿȥ֮עԼ壬ӶﵽЧһ㣬ҪǿزſԣȻŪãһûдӲرƣ
£֪Լܹ⿪֮󣬷ƵҲǰ署£⿪ܹΪһƣ
ңƻޱȵؿ£
ţƱǵ֪ҲÿζܹתɹǼʣõʱ򣬴߶һαԳɹõʱ򣬿Ӵ߶ʮΣҲδһܹɹ
һʱ򣬷ƲǿЦѣ⿪ֱǿ˵Ⱑÿδ߶ܹɹⲻ˷ʱô
Ͼڸ֮Ծ֮ʣһһ붼ܹʤսʱ򣬻Ƿֳ߶⿪һʱʱģֱǿӵ
˼Ƭ֮󣬷ҲȻˣϾܹ౶ѾǺˣȲ˵ǵЧǷǳˣ
ϸ󣬷ҲǾ⿪ȻҪ⽫ǳΪպԸ˵һΪĵƣȻǼ⣬һĿԴɹǶԷ͵ǵù


2688 
Ȼ˼֮󣬷ƻǾôҲûκγɣ±Ҫ֮ǰ⿪֮صѨ϶һ飬ȷû⣬Ǹҷ
ڵѨϣǳֱ֮࣬޾еѨϿԱеص޷ĵزƣҲ˵ԼԼеѨϡ
ھһ֮ҵҪѨ϶ʲôλãò˵⿪ҪоѨϣžžŰʮһнӽʮǷǰδŹġ
ҵǣ⿪֮жÿһѨ϶ʮϸļأһλãΪһЩѨ֮䣬һ֪ͺ߻ħ
Ҫľ֮󣬷ҲǴҪһϾܹɽǸԼ㹻µ
غһҲȻشӵ֮תһƼΪϸСϵھ֮дԼ֪Ѩϣһһת
ǷƵһγתſ̫죬ֻǻؽгţںܶѨ϶ԼϤ֮£ɵĵزܹһ˲תĻҪϰ
ʮʮ֪ʱȥˣȻƲܹصʮѨϣⲢǷƵ⣬ǷڳԵĹ֮УһǴѨϴˣ֮ھͻشһ޷ʹУõֱӵǰ
֮£ҲֻʱֹͣѨϣӶϢƬ̣ٶǴͷ𣬵ʮѨϣƾѾ¿ʼڰٴˡ
ĽʵҲڷ˵ԼܹԽǰʮϸȫϤ֮£һ޴ֱӵԼڵѸٵתʮѨϣӶﵽûдĳ̶ȡ
Ҳǳ˵ʮѨϵǰԭʮѨڵλãΪƫƧѨϵԱߣһѨҲһ΢شˣôƵɾΣˡ
֮ڵѨϣѨ֣֮ϵĴڣת֮ʣǱܣѨȴζܴģ
ԼνһֵѨУôǿ˵ûаϣ𾳵Ĵڶ顣
ΪһΪĴڣܴøֶԼϵѨһԷҪԼѨ֣Ҳ˿ûа취
ӶչһΪһľ֮󣬿ͨ˵ֶΣһѨĿģֻ·ҪתĵʮѨϣСؾѨ
ԣ·Ҳ˿Ҵ⣬ȫעؿϸ緢˿ھ֮лţһشŵʮѨϣ
Ȼ֮£͵һΪʮѨϵԵʣһĸоʼڴĿǰ˵ģ
һݵҲɢӶǷɢ֮УпӰ쵽ԼѨǸʱ򣬿¾û˿Ծȵ˷ƣ
ѨǾԲģ
һ㣬߶֪Ѩ֮ڵĽأһɣ
ǿڴо˶ǿԼо񣬴Ӷǽ˵ǻڿһϸС֮ϣȻоӰͷǰɲ˿ķɡ
þùڴоҲ𽥵ؼһʮѨϿҪһСģͻǴѨʱ˵ˣܻܲȥһ⡣
ֵǣھ˵ʮѨ֮ʣµʮŸѨ϶Ƿǳ׾ڻһˣھԼĪһʱ֮󣬷ȫذеѨ϶Ϥһ顣
⻹ǲΪƴʱֻܹش߶ҪתѨ֮ϣûгɹشſ
֮ǰƾף²һһϦ֮£⿪ҲǿƾˣҪȫ»ǿһʱ䣬ܹ
ԣµķƣûиشϵպܹǿҲŶսĹؼǲиҪϵؿޣֱԼܹȫƿ⿪
һɹտôͬȼ֮УܹģǷǳ٣


2689 ˮ
һҹʱ䣬ôȥˣһҹʱ棬ľǲϵϤþѨϣӶԼֻܹҪһܹ߶
Ͼջʵ̫ˣȲ˵ǾصΪˡ
Լ⿪ܹεȵĳ̶ȣֻҲѨеĹ֮УԤϣԼӦܹƿؿٲҲأҲ˵ʱܹӳս
ķƣֳĿսõúܶ˶Ϊ֮̾һƿ˿ôպ𼶱ĴڣҲû˿ķ
ڶ峿ƶȻ˫һһҹ϶⿪ѾŲǳ֪ҪľǲϵȥϤеѨϹ켣
վһСΣʱ򣬿ҲֱӵٶȻع鵽Ƶ֮УƷ֣ƺСβ뿪Լı̫ԶҲǷ̥ص㡣
ϢҲ̧ͷűƿĺȻֻϹ޼ɵˡ
ôˣƿһҲҲΪʲô飬ɻʵ
ûʲôջС˵ˮƺһʢľۻᣬǷҲţһȥһ¡ֻҲЦŵ
߻Ϲ޼ɣڱɺҽǲ֪æʲôȥˣûпǵӰ
ԣ΢΢صͷҲǵһͷţ߰ɡ
ҪץʱҲǺʱ򲻴һ£ںܶʱǿԼδŶЧ
ĶУݽϣǻžԳԣʱ䣬£ҲŰܹѿɹ
󣬷ֻʻϹ޼ɵһУ߳ջֻȴûз֣߳ջʱҲӰһš
Ĵ֮ϣ߳Ÿ÷ҲԼƺѾǺܾûоʱˣԴϼ縺صһֱǾܶ飬һֱԵߡ
ٶȻص쳾ĸоõ÷ҲǰδеƽһЦؿǽ
ˣˮʲôۻᣬȥۼ˻ͦģƽʱҪࡣʱϹ޼ҲΪصڷ۹ȥˮǶǳȻΪ˽ľۻ
ҲջС˵ˮǵĴͳɣÿ굽ʱ򣬶Ǿһʢľۻᣬһľۻᣬ㿴ЩС̯ûֻҲָǰһźֱܶӵذڷһ̯λ̯λ֮ϡŹֵĶ
ţӦһ׻ɣҲΪص˵ͷ¿оѾ²⵽һˡ
òǵģЩ̯ҲûʲôöϹ޼üͷǰ棬ɨ˼̯λǵĶƺǺͨ
ôǽ״ӣЩѰƷܹķֻۣҲԱߴȤ
΢΢һЦʱҲǿʼɨӶЩ̯λȻʵͬϹ޼˵һ㣬ڵ̯ϵĶôǺõȥ
ֲÿһ˶ڵ̯ҸҲһ䡣
ȿŰɣ˵ˮһУȤԵ￴ǷʲôֵǾȵĶֻҲʼ
ȻֵطҲûбģϹ޼ǽȻ˵ֻʺôҲǵĶʲôûмһ㶫ڡ
ƺϹ޼һۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ף
ͻȻ֮䣬ƶȻͣס˽Ųһ̯λһĶ
ˣֵ̯ĲʲôöֻҲһ˿ںĵ
ҲδŶ΢һЦҲǿʼԼǰ̯λ̯λƺһЩžһЩȱͼ֮ġ
÷Ʋעľǣһֻаǵĵͼ
Ҵرͼ
ʱ̯ҲǲϵߺţһƺĶȤҲЦŵ⼸λӣǶԱ˵ĶȤĻ˵۸
ĻЦڶԼעǽǵͼϸضһǵͼͨƤɣȴΪһϤĶĶˡ


2690 ȱͼ
ΪһǵͼıԵӡһɫӵӡǣȻģ
ҲΪ㣬÷ܹͣйϵĶĿǰ˵ʮֵҪ
Ȼ޷Ū֮У̺ʲôܣȻÿһ֮ڣ̺һ˵ֻҪԼѰҵһ飬⾪ϲ
ңͼôҲЦЦŰǵͼȻǲϸоӡͼƺйϵ
̯ҲǸˣһŻҲЦŵλӣҿһ¾Ǵҳĵӣɣ͵ǿţһǧң
ӿڵļǮڷֻʲɵüͷһҲǿ磬Ϊʲô¶ҵô
һǧң֮УһʲôֻʺѰ˵һҲ׬һǧңȻ˵㹻һǧһûб
ǾҲⱻ˵ɵװ̯ȻǿǺ۸ʨӴ󿪿ڡ
һһǧңʨӴ󿪿ڰ㡣ֻʵҲصһ̯ƲĶҲûһǧҵʮ֮һɡ
ȿȣɲô˵İλӣ㿴ͼŲСͷɫ΢һ£ҲǸЦŵĵͼҼ汲ģ˵һ鱦йء
仰ҿԵѹ˵úһ
ҲɵӣҡҡͷЦңҲǾú۸ʨӴ󿪿ڣɣʮңҾʹߣˡ
ʮҡ˼ǿһǧҵģ˲ǵô࣬Ҳò˵ƿ̫ˡ
ӴλӣҿƵ˵ͼƺҪˣҲżˣôǽһء
ɣλҾǽѣپңǿΣҼҴ֮
ֻһۣҲҡҡͷѾ˭أҴ֮Ҳǿ󰡣׵ͷϣǲûȤô
ȻĻĴұһǲҪˡվҲҪ뿪˵ʵʮңҲǷˡ
Ц̯ĶܸʮѾǲˣȻҪپҡ
ƵҪ뿪Ҳæһס˷ƣæصٸһ㣬һ٣һپˣҿ˻ô
ȻǲһˣһپңҲ׬ˣͷЩҵӺƭ
ʼû˵ʲôֱӵת뿪Ѿǿˣת뿪ҲԼ
λӣʮҾʮˣ
ԭΪƵֻǽ۶ѣ˭뵽ûб¶˿Ҫͷ˼Ҳ¶˿Цõı顣
õô˵ƺֻһۣҲǹһЦҲһЦתϰ壬Ͷ
ʮң߿ˡҲǿЦãΪǺ۸˭֪ԼͷȴԼƸһ
ֻʣǮɡҲЦеصԱߵֻȴһƣԼǮҲ׼ҪͳʮҵʱͻȻһΪг
ţͼҪˣ
һ£ֻʵ˵ɫ͵һӱˮ֮УȻ˸
үôҲֵطˡԭȵĵңҲɫȻһ䣬Ҳ¶һɫƺߵݻǲǳ
ʱ򣬷ֻҲǻתͬҲһ˻سǵǰһֳȲϵҡţ¶һḡɫһӵܡ
Աߵλˣǲ򵥣ȻһɫȻǵƣ͸һֲѰĸо
ףǾȻ˫̥ءϹ޼ҲˣЦΪ˳༸һģһһɫһɫԷֱǲͬһˡ
ͼҪˡ
ⱻƺΪүҲ˿زѹǴͷβûпƵһֱۣӵƣҪѵеĵͼ˹ȥ
Ƿô֣¿Ʋٶȣȴүƴͼ֮ǰӲס޷Ӵͼ
ܵý󵽡ЦеصȻǰүʲôݣҪǵҪ


2691 ͷС
ȻʱվǱеνү֪ʲôȻҪڷƵ˵аѶ
˭ˮǻʶִô
£ǸƺΪүҲɫˣƳһֻʵȼ˵ҵֶû˵ʲôˮǣ
仰ƺֻʶǴһǰүǲ̫ˣ˵ǣ
ֻʿЦã˭ôĶȴǱ˵⴫ȥˣ磬˭ô˵
֪ηϹ޼ҲǹһЦ˿ǷŸүһʶ˵ȻǿԷֱһӦþҵӣаԵϰˣŻˡ
˵ֻʣϽ;ҳ˷ʱˡ·ҲǰһֻʣϽǮ
ֻʼ򣬵Ҳҡһӣֱӵضһ΢âľңŵǵ̯ϰǰʮңⶫҾˡ
ֻٶ̯ϰǿЦãǻȥ⾧ңǰүǵҪⶫ˵ˣүƻ͹ȥˡ
⡭̯ϰҲΪѣǺã
˵˵ô
ֻʵƺǲԼڣүҲжʱһŭˮ棬ûм˶
ⶫҪˣʶͷ¶ϽˮǣȻǳԲߣ
үҲǺֱӵط˺ݻ˿ûаֻʵ˷ڡ
ֻʵһۣҡҡͷûйͬ蹷һүˣֻ˷Լʱѡ
Ȼڷֻʵ˸Ҫת뿪֮ʣүԱߵֵһҲǻؿˡ
λֵܣ֪ɷܹͼˣһɫ꣬ӦǸ磬˵ҲΪҲǵɣҸļǮ㣬ֻҪǵͼҾͿԡ
һʮң֣Աߵĵ̯ϰҲһʱǺӣԼ̯ͼƺŲ֪Ͳ÷ˡ
и˵˻ˣղ蹷һҷ͡Ϲ޼ҲһЦһɫ۵ӣֵ˵ˣǼҪˡ
Ǽ˵ʲô蹷ҷͣ
£һүʱǲˣϹ޼ɵⷬǹ˵أָϹ޼ŭȵ֣б°ѸղǾ仰˵һΣ㻹ܲ߳ˮˣ
仰£Ϲ޼ɵɫʱǱ࣬Ǹ¶СǱ޵ľǱ˵֣
Ҿͻÿʲô취벻ˮˡϹ޼Цָıӵ˵ľ㣬ʲô蹷һ
ʱ̯Ҳ˲ˣȻΪ˿ֶҲŲϳүݣǿϹ޼ָŶԷŭһĻǾס˲ˡ
ү˭ĸ׿ˮǵͳ죡ˮǣͳ켸һ֮֮ϵĴڣҲΪԵʣүһֱǺаԵˮҲһ١
Ϊүһ۲۵Ķ٣ƽʱҲû£¿ָűŭҲŲнһ־ٶˮǿûм˸ġ
ҲΪŷһүݲȺ˿ɾ͵ùˡ
ʱľǸ̯ϰ壬ΪѣǱϹ޼ɵһԸһҲϸضֻʵλֵܣҿǾͲҪͼˣʮܲûȥɡ
ҵ̬ȣҲǷ˷۵Ǯˣңⲻˡ
ŷһҲǿЦãԼôΪǺðһүһ˿ɾл벻ˮǡ
ããã
үϹ޼ɵһûҲҧгݵصˣҲȲǣ
ٷˣСүҸʱ䣬ʲô͸Ͻģҿûжʱ蹷档Ϲ޼Цŵү˵ַһֻ־
ÿÿ
ȻʱһȺ׵ӰҲǶȻشȺ֮гһʱ֮䣬õҲǱû
ִӣ
ˮǵִˣ
ͷģүĴӣ˿ɾˡ


2692 ֪η
һʱ֮䣬ƵڵĵطҲٶȱûΪִӵĳֱ֣ӵǿƿȺ
ʲô飿
һȺ׵Ӱɷس֣ͷ˵òԼүƣʱ򣬷ҲǶһЩۣүҲһЩ²⡣
˵ֻʣ˵ô죿ƴʱҲЦеؿһֻʣˮǿĵ̣£ֻΪʺϲ
ô죿ֻҲǰ˷һۣòǰİɣԼʱԱ¶ݵĻֱӵһ仰蹷סȻʱ˵ԼĶ
£ֱֱӣӿ˳ˡʱϹ޼ҲԱɭȻһЦղǸүĻǴ۰
ǾɣҲ⡣ֻʺٺһЦֲǵˣҲûϵ
ץȥȻүǷ蹷
үʱִӵĳˣȻҲˮִӣʥ׵ΪͷˣҲĴӣΪڴ۾
ִȻҲǸү粻٣ĻҲûж˵ʲôһȺֱӵؾɷ˹
Ҫʲô
ֻʵ±ŭȵһȺˣȻ빫Ȼ֣ɻˮǵִӣˮǶҲˣɱǵҲˣ˶֪ˮǿǵĸ֮һ
Ҫʲôĥ֪ˣүҲЦȺ˾ȻǸֱǲˡ蹷Ƿ蹷˶࣬ޣСүҽ̽ˣ
Ϲ޼Ҳһˮݺݵص֮г˱ĵɫүΪԼǶ˲ô
ϣСӣҴݣүٶǱǸ°ָָϹ޼ɣЩִӵԱҪ飡
үķԸһȺȻҲأŶҲһӵϣȻǻûз֣վǰɲ޸֮ˣɷǰ
ģҲ÷ˣ˭ҲңҳѾġֻҲŭѣ¾ӣֻʺϹ޼ɵ֣Ѿģ̽ˣ
ˮүֻĲˬǵֻʺϹ޼ǰŪôһ飬ⲻֻʵô
ӺԣεصǾͽɣһ㶯ء
ͿţҽѵһСӡֻʺٺһЦҲһֱӵǰļƣҪһ˶ԸһȺƻִӰ
Χ۵Ĳ˶Ǿò˵ƵαװȷǺòԸı䣬Ϣǳ׵䣬ǿ˵ǰЩˡ
ʼգֻʵ˶ûб¶ԼΪϢүһ￴ȥһЩСҳĵӡ
Ҳֲ²⣬үҲ޼ɵԷͷٴôбºԼԣĵˮǵͳ죬ˮʲôط
ǿĸˮǵĳҲԼųΪϯŵӵȱȻ޾塣
ֻǲԼǵĿɶһЩʲôˡ
ԸЩʥ׵ĴڣֻʸûжκΪһ˸һȭȫصˣ̼һɣû˿ͣ٣ǰһȺʮִȺȫǵزˡ
ޣ㱾£ˣֻʾ̫û˼ˣҲǿһ⵹زִҡҡͷͲһİ
ɵؽǰЩСӬֻ֮Ҳ΢΢̧ͷһմүһЦˣֵ˵˵̫ˣҵó㼸¶⣬֪ʲô˵
ǰһĻڷƵ˵ûʲô𺳣ЦأôһһȺʥ׵ǿߣҪɵþǶɡ
ǲ˶Ǿʧ׷һؾ㵣ִӾȻ׵صˣ£˿ֻʵҲǳ˾֣⵽ʲôˡ
үͬҲǺ𾪣ԼΪʥ۷壬ȻҲٶۿʮʥףһգ۵Ĺͱ˷ŵˣǶͣ
ӡ
ʱүҲֻǽһֱվԼԱߵˣҪ֪һۼĴڡ
е㼬֡
ȻҲǴȻǿԿǰֻʣߣٶ׵ؽһȺʥ׸ŵȻҲܹˣǰֻʣԼΪ


2693 ޳ֵܵز
ʲô
ʱүоĴӶǱʾǰ˿ǼΪԶԸһƺе
ŷ֣㿴
ʱүҲҧתλ˫̥ϣ˵ԼӶûа취Ļô¾ֻ˿ԡ
˵ˣǼΪأүҲԼ֪ƺĳһϹ״ӣĸǵʦཻԲŻǳˮǡ
죬ҲǴˮǹһ£ǿ˷õһǵͼȻҲǺɻ󣬲һƵͼѣˮǵֵ̯Ҳʲô档
ִֻҪһǵͼҲҪҪ˳ǳûһӡΪүĿе֪˿Ϊ
磬ҲһˣѾˣʵ˾̾
֪ǣԴͻĽ˺󲻹ǰ½İ벽ۣǳһͻƵĿ񳱡
ЩһֱǱѹž磬޷ͻƣŷƵͻЩ˵ľȻҲûѹƣԵһЩˣҲ֮˷ͻơ
ʱνһΪ貵ʱڶĴۺУǿ߲ֻϧǣ𾳵ĴڣŻûһܹɹͻơ
ʱ˿ү񣬵һۣҲ΢΢üͷû뵽ȥͨһ£Ȼǻ˼֡
ǿɲүȻǿֻʵΪǳǿ˵ǲ¡
λ̨һǵͼ˵ҪԵĻܹʲô˵һɫ۵˵صȻΪʵϣ̬ȿԿһЩмȻǲûаֻʵ˷
˼ˣСүĲˣզ
ֻȻҲǺ۸°һۣӣһСһ㣬صԱߵķϹ޼ɿģҲ͵Цһ
˶ʱüͷֻʵľٶеǲ֪ȥֻһֱ
үʱҲǲˣ˵ȷǺҪǵͼҲͷһҲǶǵҵپңǵͼˡ
˵֮үҲǺֱӵضپҸңȻһɫֻʵ˵ڣһǵͼˡ
ƵɴԼ۾һֽ׳յүҲУ
⡭ҿЦãԼپңҲǣҲǣǺð
˭ļ۸ߣȻ˭Ķ
ʱǸִӵͳ죬ҲүĴҲװģؿڵ¶һеģ
ֻʿЦã޴ˣɻûмô޴ˣ۸ߵãҪв
ȻҲһҲͷһתһĻȻֶе㶪ˣȴԼ˿Źĳɡ
⡭λӣ¾ҶԲˣͼǻҰɡеЦã˼һ֮󣬾ûԸǰˣҲԸȥүһҪ֪ˮ棬ɻǿүɫ¡
ԼһβϵĻԺҲǲҪˮǻȥˡ
ޣң£һľҪˣǶ֡Ϲ޼ɴֵصʱҲǰһ޽˳ֱһ֮ض˵ǲҪҶֵĽôСү档
ү־ٶڳ˶֪Ҳֻʵ⣬ȻԷҪֵĻȻҲǲη塣
ʱүҲ¶һЦݣȻ־ҲԤ֮УֻҪ㹻ɶ֣ôԼǿֵܳ֡
Ͳˣβǰˡ
үǧ㣬û㵽ģɲֹˣǰˣɶĴڣ
һΣһλ԰ѵͼóǷǵһ顣Ǹɫ۵غһʵ
ϻˣҪ־ǣ޳ֵܵزҲټˡϹ޼ɷ˷ۣе޽Ѿ͡
ɡ
ʱ򣬷ҲǻվһϹ޼ɵļҪܲԹ۰ɣҲҪԣΪѾǵһʲôز


2694 ϻ֮
ģòиֵĻᣬҲҡϹ޼ɵҲһƣԴɽ֮һֱҪ֣ɶûлᣬÿβǸֻȥˣǸȥ
ٺ٣˼ҾԱ߿ţҪʱ¡ֻҲǹһЦֻŷ˶ǽ˵ĻôϹ޼ɶҲ޲
Ϊ֮ʵνࡣ
ֻŷվֵҲһۣһ̤ǰͷųƣȻҪһ֡
ӵһ׺ϻ֮ǼˣǶһ֡
һҲǳȻ˵÷ƵȻĻ˻Ϊǹ
νˣôһֻʼһ۷ƣ˵أ
ҾҲǡ΢΢һЦǸʱҲǸһֺɫϻ֮ҲԼ֮Уͨ۲죬ǷֵܵϢһĪͬҲ˵˵ĸоˣһˡ
ԣǻϻ֮Ҳ²⣬ֻǣ˻ʹúεȵĺϻ֮
ֻŷ֮ӣȻһ˫ֵҲüͷü֮ĲøʢⲻӦӶԷģôˡ
Ȼ˵ĻҵȾͲˣӮĻͼ͹˭
һ£˵ӰȻһҲȵضٶȼΪݣһ㣬һʱ䣬ѾԭʧӶ˷Ƶǰ
£ĸѾǶˣΧҲʶ˺˼ڳһ㹻Ŀռ䣬Ͼ⼸λɶĴڣһƻ˿ӵġ
ȥ֪ͨ㸸ף֮£е㲻򵥡ʱ˽ֵʱүԱߵĴҲص
ʲôҪҸףбҪôүҲǲһǰľƼʮʰһֵܶΪӦǿѹŶ棬ǻóϻ֮
̫Сˣûв´ĻȻҲĴڣĻҲţ룬ͲȴرҲǲǳŪþǺ鷳ҾбҪ㸸׳һ¡
ĴȻеԶӸղֻʶֵǲ²⵽Է˱Ȼǲ򵥣Ȼ˵һֵͬҲһЩϹ״ӣүĸҲǶмӣ϶ǲܳʲô顣
ԼĴô˵үҲ˳˼һ룬Ҳŵ˳ʲôĻԼĸ׻ԼѪͷ
ȻȥҸף￴šүһҲ˵µ񣬿Ϊ˱ԼĸһΪ
ȻһֵܹѹԷĻȻãĻǲУԼĸ׳棬Ҳ̫
£ĴӱȻȥһĻҲǱϹ޼Ҳһ֣ԼųֵĻᣬۼŶҪȥҾȱĽࡣ
ʱֻŷ֮䣬ԵһֵܣҲеϣò˵˵ĺϻ֮ȷΪ
ˣȴ޷õֻŷƵģΪ˼ֵƵһģһÿһγ֣ĥ͸ĵֻʣǷơ
һĻе㴦·ˣΪ͸Էĺϻ֮Ϊ
ͬʱֻʻǷƣע⵽һ㣬һۣҲǵ˵ͷȻû̫ĬǴʱܹ֪ᵽԷ˼
ƽϻ֮˵Ҳѣ˵ҲףؼľǣԷĹƵһģһôֻҪ׽סһΪĿĻͬҲܹﵽЧ
ȶֽǸɫ۵ġƴһ֮ȻѾǿˣԷȻƵһ󲿷ֶǰɫ۵ΪһˣǸϡ
ֻʲۺۼص˵ͷ˵ӰȻֱӱϯһ֣ĿȻһɫۣ
ڶֵһ˲䣬һҲǴ߶˿ֻϧǣûܹ߶֮£ҲֻǷͷ
Ȼ⿪ǵöȻĻ˽֮ʣشǿеԿ


2695 깲
֮䣬޷֮ȻҲԷͷ֪Լ»ǶҪϵһ
Ƭ֮󣬲ֻʣǷƣ˵Ŀһ£ȻǸɫ۵ġ
һ˫ֵȻҲΣңЯ̬ϯˣȻ֮Ҳֱӵŭһ˵λòϵػཻ˸У
һӣʱֻŷ֮ʧȥ˹Ŀ꣬ǳǰӰҲȻֹ
⡭
ǰһĻҲ÷΢΢ش㵣һԺˣһֵܵĺϻ֮ȷǺܹ죬ǰһĻе֡
ڰӰϵؽһΪƶٶɣҲ޷ֱ˵ľĵӰǡ
ռ֮вϵظֳݵƿһҲֻŷеɲԭǴ㼯˵ȥһȴǷôһĻǵ̳׵ա
ΪԵǣӶƽϻ֮ôǸˣʧˡ
Ȼ֮£һܵĿռ䴫ݶһͬһʱ˵ȥе졣
һʱ䶼һֵܱѾٶȷ˹ƣһǰһڰӰǺһ㣬ǲֱ˴ˣֱӵر
Сģ
ֻҲǾһΪһ֮£ԷϢȻǶȻر࣬ѾԼسԽǵ֮УֻĶһּɵĴ
Ʋźۼĵ˵ͷɫ΢΢һӰ΢һһ̣һӰȻƿռ䣬ǰ
һߵĿ꣬Ȼ
Ҳѹ֣ϾϢֳ΢ѷɫһֻʣͼһںƵУֻҪΪ򵥵һˣôһνı䣬ȻҲǳ䶨
Ϊô
ֱӵһƺ˷ڵĿռ䣬õúһƬĿռ䶼ǸֳһĨȻһվԭصķȷֱӵػޣ
Ӱ
ΪӺôҲǴ˷Ƶıƿؿռ䷨Ȼǲ׵رԷУֻҪͷһֱӵضܿһ
ԼĹգһֵҲΪ㵣ԭΪΪ׶ԸȻƺҲһЩֶ֮ˣƾܹ׵ضǵĹ
е㼬֡ʱֻʵɫҲ΢΢ر࣬غһֱһҲǼԼĺ쳾ĽâŲڵĸо
ƳĬֻ쳾Ƕóˣ˵ֻУѾǰһ˫ֵᵽһĸ߶ȣѰˣֻʿǲмԼĺ쳾
ŵڶţȻʱһֵܴʱҲͣٶӰٶһΪһһףһģһòԵøΪ졣
һΣ˫ûż֣ƺڵȴʲô
ڲԶϹ޼üͷһֵܣʲôҲǾСĵ㣬ǵĺϻ֮ǿԷӳ˵Ҳ˵ʱпܻˣ
ΪϹ޼Ѿһ˫ӦʦһλǿߣǵԼʦ˵֮УǳֹһԴߣһ˫ֵܣϬΪĬ
ͻ֮ʣͨǴ͸һҲԳĺϻ֮Ϊ깲
ţ֪һЩʲôʱֵҲǲɵһ㶣һϹ޼ɣԷȻܹʲôܹ˵ԷƺҲһͷ
ʲôأ깲֮£ϣ
һҲƺͬһ˷ûа㲻г
ְɣһһǣסǣһ𡣡ƳԺϻ֮ȻԷ·䲻ڣֻҪֿ޷һ֣ôϻ֮ȻҲǷӲ
ѣ˼һ壬ǹһƺһܹʱظӦӶ˲ı乥ơֻҡҡͷ
ƳĬʵȷˣûа취֯Էʹúϻ֮ĻǸͷβ˶Է·֮УĿһʵԵĶˣ
Ǻϻ֮Ŀֲ֮˷ӳǱӶǴﵽһֳʤЧ
ȻԼһԡ
ʱȷͻȻ̧ͷ


2696 һ֮
һˣ
ֻƵⷬʱ֮£ΪԼˣһֲ˼ŷƣһ֮ͬߣҪεȵ
Ƶ˵ͷɫҲǱ࣬ûзô֣޷ǣǿ׵úϻ֮Ըһ
ĻһȥԣĻҲʲô˼ɡ
غһҲǳصصʵȺϻ֮˻ĲһˣҶҲغһһ۴ʱһֵܣ֮ҲǸֹһĨ侲â
аôֻʲǶԷûģǴʱҪԵĿͬȼĴڣ⻻ˣһж
Ӧû⡣˼һҲǻش˵ʵԼûаնԸǣΪƾϻܹ֮Լʲôвǿ̫ˡ
ŷ˵ֻ΢΢˼һҲеĺ쳾ؿڵǽͽˣӲš
ЦЦҲǵ˵ͷֻĿ֮£뿪սȦصϹ޼ɵߡ
⡭ʲô£
һȻǲˣ
ҪԼһˣ
һʱ֮䣬ΧҲǲϵܼ򵥣˭ʱǿ⵽Ƿʲô飬ֻʾȻͻȻֲˡ
ʲôãϹ޼ҲǵۿһȻֻʵ
˵ԼһаȥԸǣҾͻˡֻʼ¶һνɫ
Ϲ޼һû뵽ƾȻո˵󣬾ȻһԶǣҪ֪ԷҲǲѰ˰ôҲʦǿߡ
ӣƺǿǵֻʵҲɻʵղϹ޼ƺǿ˶ԷŻǣҲΪ档
һֵܣźε
˵ôϹ޼ʼ˵һ֡
𣿡ֻüͷ˼Ƭ̣һԴҼˣ˵֮УѾĹ𣿡
ҾͲ֪ˣ˵Ĵ棬ôӦ׹֮Ϲ޼ҲΪεصΪһˣʵϹҲһֵܣһ㣬Ǵ깲Ⱥϻ֮
˵ŹйϵֻҲǲͬҲǻԻһʱ֣Ⱦͷ֮Уûǵļء
ûҾô룬ûв´ĻӦþǹ״ӣʹõֶΣȻҲ깲Ϲ޼Ƭ̣ͣһ£ʦ˵ҲûаȥԸ𡣡
˵ǹ״ӣôͲôˡֻͻȻصһЩʲôϸڡ
ţ뵽ʲôϹ޼ҲΪɻؿһֻʣе㲻ԡ
𡭡ûмǴĻƺѾǼɡֻʳصȵļ棬ʧһʱ䣬Ȼٴ֮ʣȴɵĽۣһǾԲġ
ɡڰϹ޼ҲǸ̾һû뵽Լ˾Ȼ֮£Ҳܹɵˣֻ˵Ļô˵ˣǰһ˫ֵܣȻҲɵˡ
ȴǺǵͳ֮һôȻеĹϵֵѰζˡ
һλŲٵջ񡣡ֻһЦڲ廹ȣѰɰ֮еӣһõĻܹǣһ㰡
Ȱǰ鴦ðɣƵвֹ۰Ϲ޼ҲΪεصΪֻʽ̸֮ʣŶԷѾٶǽ˽״̬֮С
ò˵ڽ֮󣬵ȷӵ˺ǿսʱӴŶǸкϻ֮һ˫ֵܣȻҲûκ·硣
ֻô
£ս״ԽԽңȻʱƣƵĹƲû̫ǿңһֱƽ̽һ㣬Էһ˷ƵףƵӰǶȻغˣÿռ֮ϵغˣһȭͷ޻֮ϵĸо
ҿû˵㰡ɵңһ˴һܶܣҲǰһۣһֽ׳յǣЦأѵվԭرôɵӲ顣
б㻹ְ
ҲǱƼˣƼֱǽƻ㡣


2697 
ֵܻܵҲһЦûж˵ʲôʵϣһֱ֮Բ֣ΪһֱڳŴ
Ȼղŵһûдɹƾʹ˷ǰĶսʵھһٺõˣһֵܾǻӣĿ꣬˭
Լſռ䷨ֶΣԷҪԼ»ôףֶ֮£Ȼǿ
ƣôоڶأ
ʱϹ޼Ҳǿ˵㲻Ծһֱûл֣еķ̫һƽ·ֱӶˣȲܶԷʵΣƴһ˵
ƺǳʲôֻüͷҲǿ˷ƵĲͷɵؿʱƶһߣǺ޻֮෴ࡣ
һҲó֮⣬ϾԷǹ״ӣ˶ֵĻ𾳽ĴڣҲܹһս֮
ԽԽܻƼֱһһ㣬ƻޱȣÿҪץסʱ򣬶ܹ׵ضܵĻȻǱе㲻ȶˡ
ȻҲǹ۲쵽һߵ仯ˣҲһ֣ҪľЧȻԷߵİ֮ܶκ˵һս֮޷ƽȵľͻٳñ׽סᡣ
ʱˣԷߣ֮ǽĬϣȻһжǽƽȵ̬֮ϣһǳ˲ȶ¶֮⣬Ӱ쵽ֵʵ
һ㣬ҲĹһΪ²⵽ԷӦĳϹ״ӣݾӦǸϹ޼һ㣬ĳϹš
ˣƽǵһ㣬˵Ǵûо̫飬ǵΪڸֿ֮Ʋһ˲ͬǣƵʵıԵ֮мóյ˵
ǰ״ֻҪǳȥĻܹҲܵӰ죬ôʱƾлỹˡ
ѣһ֣ƱҪˡ
ڲ϶ܶԷֹĹ̵УҲǲϵسŴźǣûһܹɹҲ÷и̾ȻصĴ
ҲڷƵԤ֮УҲǲżŶԷʱ䣬Ͼһ֣ܹ֮ά־棬ڷġ
ڷһֵ֮ܽʣˮǵһ֮ۡУڼʧִͳ죬ҲȻػˣҪүĸףϾһֵܵͷСʲô飬ǵ𰡡
ʲô˵ڼ֮ű˽ˣ
ڴ֮Уһ֮֮󣬶Ȼ֮ҲǴŭһӣŭصģôԣ
үҲȲѣԷҪҲû취
ִӵͳǴ˵˷Ƶ˵ĲǣͺĲүǷƵˡ
˵ģȻǲһףɲЩ飬һԶԷĴڣһֵܾͻһЩС鷳ˡ
УҪһˡ
˼ӻǾԼҪһˣϾһֵܣԼ˵Ųһĺ壬ˮǳ£ɾ͹ⲻȥˡ
ȥɣݲñ֪ЩĲҪɡ
ʱ򣬴֮Ҳһڽ֮һӰؿڵһοڣû֪ڽȻһ˴ڡ
ĳ֣ȻһִӵͳҲǱһˮǴţǰһ֮֮ϵĸ󣬿һ˲ڵ
ŹȻʵ
ţҲգһˣԵĻ˳Ū˵Ҳǵͷ˼һȷͬ˵Ϊ⣬ֱӵóȻ֣»ñ˲ɣڵʱѾǳ׵غɶһϵĶ
š
Ƭ֮󣬴֮бٶȻָ˰һǺڰĽ֮Уƺûгֹκһ㣬ʱҲǻ˻֣õǸִӵͳ£ټĴ֮Уֻһ˾ţ˼ʲôһ㡣


2698 
Ȼǲ֪ˮ棬ѾһЩע⵽Ĵڣʱһ߶սҲǽ˰ȻһʱĽ֮󣬷ѾԵز˶ԷʼһЩʮԵ
ΪǵľܵӰ죬Ҳ΢΢ҡҡͷҳĻ䣬վûо̫࣬һսʤŮѾ΢Цˡ
ʱ򣬷ƵڣĪһ£Ҳ¶˾ϲɫΪڸոգѾǺԵزˣԼ֮Īһ£
ҾǵĿ飬̺ſһ飡
õ÷ƺǾϲĻѾǳɹش˿ȻԼܹڼصأҲ㹻ˣ
֮鿪ʼϵתţһµȻγɣʱƵϢҲȻر仯һǽжܣҪзˣ
Ҫˡ
Ȼ֮£ƵϢ仯Ҳֻʵע⣬ֻʱصڵŪʲô
Ȼ֮һֱ֣϶Լԭ򣬶һĻҲΪڴ׷Ѿ֮󣬵ԹźεȵֶΡ
ţԣϢúÿ񱩣Ϲ޼ҲɫһĨȣ૵ؿŴʱķƣ崫ֱһǰδеĿ񱩳̶ȣ
ȿɣʵڲҵټ¡ֻüͷҲûйĵģϾڷƿȥΪ
ģҪ̲סô
һҲǶȻ̧ͷ¶һĨЦȻͬز˷ƵϢ仯±ΪԷͲסҪ׼ǿгˡ
һţһҿӵõ
ǲηԸƣǶڷƸղǵȲ϶ΪȴǸеΪΣƺҪ֣ȻҲּɣû˿η壬Ǹոǵ⡣
Ȼȴûвõǰķƶ̲֣һȷʵ֣Ҳû뵽еİ
ڵϢڿţһ̣ƶȻ̧ͷܵһǰδеڲϵţԼǸܵһɲ˼
⿪̫ˣ
ǻûʹóƵĶѾͷˮǵҲܵһЩѰĲǿ߷׷Ǿɲ
ȻѾǱԼɹشôȻҲǲټȥ̧ͷһֵܣһЦһ̣ӰȻʧ˰֮С
ڷƵĹٶһһΪǷ֣ƵٶȣƺǱȸղҪˣ
Сģ
£Ϭһۣǵ˵ͷ˵ӰҲǶȻغ϶ΪһٶǻһӰϵڰ֮˸š
ûõģǰŪռİϷֱǰŪ
Ȼ֮£д˷ǱһߣԼƶٶȼΪѸ٣Ӷǽһ״̬˿ռ֮С
ȻֶΣڷ˵ȴǲʲôǰŪЩСϷֱǲ֪ߵغ
һ̣ƵӰȻس֣ͣ˰֮Угֳһžɫâһطգ帽Ŀռ䶼˱Ť
΢΢ر˫һȻ˫Ѿǲ׽˶ԷصķλԷһֵλãѾƳˡ
ɣҿ⿪
ƻصһ䣬ţֱӵͣĳһ޵Ŀռ䣬֮еһ棬Ҳ̱еḶ́ǲһʱ䣬һжѾƺõˡ
һľɫâٶȷǳ֮죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬱ڰ֮Уһĺۼһžɫ棬ӭ
˲֮һƬ񷶼ǲɫ棬վɫâڵλãȷǶȻظֳһӰȻһߣ
䣡
һ죬һֵ߳һ˲䣬Ƶ˫Ҳŭɣͷһ鲼ܵľɫ棬Ҳһӵֱӱ
žĺըһȵ¶ҲɢԶԶֻʵҲǲɵ΢΢üͷ˺Ҳǳֳһ㵭âǸȡ
ԹԣԾӣֶμʶʹãȴԶԶû¡Ϲ޼ҲǲɵõɴԼ˫ۣʱƱֳʵ̫ˡ


2699 
ȵ¶ȣһۿˣҲǶȻϯȫµ˲ˡ
Ȼʱǰһ˫ڵߣȴǳ׵ر֣˸޷ʶ̽еǷʲôʱ˶ΪȾ˵е𾪡
һΣƳѾǳǵ֮УǷƿԵؽѹһΧ֮ڣµһεľɫ棬ǻϯˮ֮Уܹ⣡
ʩչһι֮һ㶣Ҳ¶˿ϲɫѾǲˣԼղһ̺ԴسԼˮƽ
Ҳ˵Լղһ´ǿأ
ӳ֣÷ѾԼһ˷ܣȻڿԱĿ˵ֻǸոŶѣ
ǶѰ˵Ѿһֲܿĸˣһ£ԭΪˣ໤ţһȴͻȻڱȻ˵޷öԷҲܹһ־á
ǰȻԷ޷õܹǿһӣӵиĪĺϻ֮Ҳ޲
ڷƱһ֮£˸û㹻ʱȥֻܿӲسֹ֮£Ȼûаջɱ棬һҲΪ˻ɱԷֻҪǸԷشǾˡ
һսû˻Ԥϵֽԭ˿㲻ϵضҲжϷƲҪӣѣʵȴ֤һУ˵鶼ǵһء
ȿµʵǷ˼
Ҳһñ̬У⵽ô£ôôоһӵͻȻǿˣһûаסϹ޼ɵɴԼ˫૵ص
ֶҲʵǿ£˶ԵУͻȻôһ£˭ҲܲˡֻͬҲǾ֣ڷ𹥻һ˲䣬ϢȻڷ֮Ϣǻָһʵͨ
ʱɫҲǻƽ֮У̺Ǵֱ֮ӵؽһƬռ䶼ǳ׵𣬲ΪĿƼΪ׼һ֮⣬˶ֻǸܵȵϢûиоǴǵȼ߻ԵĲ
ʩչԼһ֮󣬷Ƶ˫ҲǻظֳһĨأΪѾǲ˶ԷƺղŵһЧûԼ֮ǰ롣
䣡
һ죬֮ʱ򣬿ռ֮汻һĪֱӵɢǱӰ¶Ȼһߣ
ʱǿνҵ㣬ԭ㹤ۣΪɫķգѾǱªȻ˵ϢҲǼΪزȶ
ڳ׵ذΣ֮һҲǴŴ˷Ƶǰ֮䣬νʮĶԱȣһ֣ڳ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵõ
үʱѾǱŴˣһ߿ɶĴڣȻȴǲͷƣƺԼ·磬һʵǲǵ뵽ԼƺղŻǶԷƸʢ֮ʱҲǲڡ
Ƭ֮үҲǰ˲٣ΪѾȥ֪ͨĸˣĸײֵĻǰٴͣҲӲˮǡ
ԣ뷨֮үҲǰ˲٣Ҳûйĵġ
ⳡսѾǷֳˣǰˡ
ǱߣҲҡҡͷµҲûбҪټȥˣԷѾȫʢʱڣԼûа취
֮£ԼټȥĻ˵ٶȴһοǶѾӣ
Ҫô֣Ҫôһˣ
˵֮󣬱ҪתߣһߵȷǺǿǻˣֻʣ޷һ֮Կȴ⣬ӵеĿռ䷨򣬿öԷԼ
һɹشôֻҪһܹöԷش״̬֮У޷֡
ƺǰüˣҪߣһȴûдʹ÷뿪
սû˭ˣһҲصԣɵͣ˽ŲΪõüͷˣҡҡͷȫʢʱڶûа취˵״̬ˡ


2700 
ⷬ˵ûԷ״̬ûа취սȥҪҪȥҲǲºһ㣬ֱӵûмվ
Ϊܹô̫ˣ
һҲŭصʦ𣬽ȴ˵ذһ£֮еĸ߰˲䵴Ȼ޴棬֮£Ȼǲʹ˰ݡ
뷨΢΢˼һǲ²⵽߰˷֣ȴеЦҡҡͷûҪһǵͼȵȵãˣҲ޿κΣ˵¶֣Ѿˡ
ⷬԭǺȰһˣȴû뵽䣬Ѿˣȴǳ׵ؽ֮еԹ޸׵ر
䣿Լ̫߿ˣ
һֵҲŭһ˵ٶǱǿϢҪ֣һĻԶֻʵҲüͷ鷢չƺе㳬ǵԤϡ
ֻϹ޼һۣҲǻ˹ԷҪĻôҲȻǲܸɿš
ȴǰ˰֣ʾԼԽؿһһߵ֪״̬˵ٶشǣǻɱǣʶ׾֮£
ԷƵĻһֵܵҲûټ˵ʲôһۣȻٶȳ֣˿ǲԼϵƻӰ쵽Ես
һĻҲΪõüͷԷ㲻֪ôҲֻµˡ
Сģƣɱǡ
ʱֻע⵽˷֮еһĨɫҲǴʾϾʦйҲһ˲õϹԹֻȻǲ壬ƾе鷳
΢΢һ㶣Ҳǵ˵ͷȻǲֻʵľҪʲôҲԼز뵽йϵ֮еɫҲǼ˲١
ȻǲܻɱǣҲܹǳԵͷ
һ룬ҲǶȻʧԭأʧһ˲䣬Ӱֱӵ˵ֵĿռ䣬˵Ĺٶա
Ҳŭѣǿû˿İ취ڷֽƻΪѹûȥԣҲֻͬͷӬһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵӰٶǹȵһ˵һηƲûмĶԷǴ㾡սپöԷԵͷˡ
ǰشˣǲ˷Ƴǵı󣬵Ȼƣ޷ڵһʱ䷴ӦһҲֻӲ˷Ƶһƣ
ΪֻʵѣƲû֣ƿԼȣֱӵرһ֮ӰȻٶʧͬûгֹһ㣡
ۣ
Ǳһƻ˵һζȻرǰ³һѪһΣڵѩϼ˪˵ǼսˣһοվĻᶼûˡ
ߣľǺϻ֮һǻһôνĺϻ֮ҲȻʧȥӦãиǲη塣
Ƭ֮󣬷編ƣٶͬİ취һ߸ӲرˣٴǴǣ
֮УƼûһԼһһνţƶڿռ䷨ѾǵһϤϤĵز߸ǲ˺Լ
һοɷ
ڳ׵ػһ֮ҲغһһΣԷû˿Ƣ˰ɣҪĻĲˡ
ƺˣһγ֮󣬶Է˵ҪˣһοվûˣҲûжΣգΪں͹֮УҲǰסԼȣԷֻҪһʱѡ
һߣʱȻûпܻشˣ˶Ӳس˷ƵһƣʱҲ˻״̬֮С
һˣҲǽүϣ·Ƶүһʶ˺˼ΪҪʲô
ߣ´αΪԼݾͿ
Ȼû˼үļƽϣ˵仰֮󣬷Ҳǻת߻صֻʵ˵ߣȻʱͻ
ƣСģ
ȲԾֻʣһһӰȻشȺ֮гֻʶؾһһ㶣ҲǷ˲Ծ


2701 ߼޻
һȵӰʱ֮䣬ֱӵشȺ֮г̶ĿȻ˵ֵˣ
ƵһһĻǺεȵϤլ߼޻
֯£
ֻŭһһĻҪˣֻٵ鷳
ͬʱһҲǾ˲ԾĵطȻ˳˵֮Ҫǳ֣ȴǷǳ⣬ǷӦ˹Ҳûκλ֮
һӰǳع죬ֱӵشԽ˵ߣһ˲䣬Ѿһߵǰ
һ˱˲һ㣬Ȼ˲ߵǰ̧ͷֻһ˫Įɫ˫
ˣ
һ̶ƿʱǴлƿռţһĺǴǰȵӰ֮б
˫Ŀŭɣʱ˿̣ûκεı͵˿ûаη壬ҪֱӵסһƾðУ
һĨɫ涸ȻشӷƵ֮бȵϢŷƵƣǸõԼᱻԷи̴
ȻƵͻȻ֣õͻȻðĹӰһ㶣ƵķӦٶȿǴسԼ֮УһεĴɱжƺʧˡ
ȴûа㺬ŷƣضһһеĺ⣬ȴһ÷ϲĵǶȣֱӵش̳
һӣȻǱܹ˷Ŀߣ
׽ҲǰһԷķӦεȵѸ٣Ȼڶ̶̵һ˲䣬˹Լܹ֮ڵһʱıԼķ򣬴Ӷܿ
ۿһĻķȻҪŤת壬ȥԷȻʱѾˣΪһкâѾߵǰ
һĺâһһɺ⣬տǵǳ׵ˣ˭û뵽ŷ֮սȻ˴еסһʱӶĳ֡
ǲǰһɱԼ˵ĵ˭ƺ˵ҲҪΪһ̣һĺâͻǻǵĺ

ٶųϵķչһâѾٵߵǰǱԼѾܵǹɱ⡣
ʱǵǰȻһâֱӵرݺݵײе֮ϣĽײ
һҫ۵Ļ𻨣Ѻ˸ĳݺݵײһ𣬷ƶȻһԭֻʵĺ쳾
ڸղǧһ֮ʵʱֻҲҧֱӵؽԼеĺ쳾ĿѾǴﵽˣֻһеУں쳾ĳ֮£ѾƫԭĿꡣ
꣡
д죬ǱƫˣǴһ˵ļҵǣûǹᴩ࣬ڴʱҲѸٵطӦ˹ֻҪ˲Ǿˣ
ܣ
ŭһԷԼһȻ֪һεĴɱѾʧˣҲûдκֱͣӵӲԼеУҪӣȻȫˡ
ȴĻԷ±ǿ粽ǰҪԷ·һΣ˽࣬Ȼһֲ˼ĽǶŤתһ£Ȼһΰ˷ơ
һĻҲǴһԷ֫νʮֵȻָѶȵĶܹ
쳾
£һһ۴ֻбһУƺҲǱϳѾǺ쳾
㵽˭
Ƶɫ΢΢رأԷȻϳ˺쳾Ȼǵǵݣ´ʱѾǱԷ²⵽ˣ
ûй˵ؿһ۷ֻ֮ҲһּΪѸٵٶ˴˵أֻǸҪ׷ϣǷȴǻ˻ƣʾⲻ׷ϡ
ˣ׷ϣûҪ
ƿһݵıӰ֮Ҳǽ࣬ԷȻΪôԣȻһЩֶҲ˷ʤ
ţû°ɣ÷ô˵ֻҲΪεͣסӰҲͷһ۶ԷһߣֶԷУֻǹᴩ˼򣬲޶飬Ҳһ
ˣһҲǵ˵ͷ
鷳ǣǱϳˡҲǵ仰õֻһҲ׷ʡ
ϳѾǺ쳾ǵݣѾǱ֪ˡغһ쳾ֻʹõĳһ֪


2702 ˭
Ȼϳ˺쳾ϢֻҲһ£е⣬Ҳûа취飬ղһ̣Լĺ쳾һ߱ȻҪһ
Ȼ˵֯Ĵڣҵͷʽս˵ֻʸǲù˵һζֵǷƣôպһ׷ƽ鷳˲ɱġ
߰ɣеˡ
ƳɨӶڳˣ⣬Ƴһүֻ֮ʻϹ޼ɵѸٵ뿪˴˵ء
ڷǰ뿪֮ʣűһɢűϢӰسүı
ʲô飿ӰȻԵӰӣһүҲʮֵδôͻȻֵһӰҲһ
ҹ壬ˡ
үȻƽʱޱȣǶԼ߶Ӱӣδһ㲻ҲǿͿصͷһ塣
ţ㸸ײ棬һˡΪҹӣһֱϢգԱߵүһֲڵĸо
Ҳ̫ˣղͻȻϮүҹĳ֣Ҳ𽥵ƽҲһһʮ˵һ飬ǷƵ˵սкͻȻɱһӰ
˵Ƕô
ү˵֮ҹҲǳĬһӣþù̧ͷʵ
ǵģǶǵһʱ뿪ˡүҲǿЦѵصû˿İ취ܲǿԼһǿԷɣôҲһʥ׹ȥѰ·ô
ޣҲˡҹ˵ͷҲҪתߣүһˣ
ҹ塭ɡүЦָǻڵϵһߣҲǲ֪ô죬ʱҹҲüͷȥһˡ
ǽֵˣûжֻɱǵͷȻѾǱ˱ʬ塣ҹҲҡҡͷȻûֳ¿һϵƣܹ׵ز²ս
ԣүĸ̲סһĨ£˶ܹ׵ؽԹԣԼֵĻ˼һָͷԼ֮أ
ߣǴḮ潻㸸׼ɣ㿴ŴɡҹĬһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷֱӵȥ
һȺ۷׷׵·˻пЦѵүͷβҹ嶼û¶Ҫȥ׷Ѱ˵䣬Цô˵ߣҪ뿪ҹֶͨΣҲ׷Ѱϡ
ʱˮǵĳһȻӰֱӵشԽлʶĵؽ˳֮ڣһ԰֮Уڻ԰֮Уһȴ˻С
ôô
Ӱǽ뻨԰֮ʣҲǶȻһ΢ĺ촽֮д͸
ʧˡӰҲǳĬһ£󻺻ؽ⿪ԼĺɫȻҲ¶һգ˺Ȼڵ̯֮ҪɱˣȴǱµһӰ
ţȻʧˣȻǹ״ӣǸ޷ĴɱȻҲе⡣
ֻʵˣִֻڽ֣Ѱһᣬ֮ʣҪ͵͵ظһֻʵ˷Ӧ̫ˣҸˡ
Ůû˿ںڰ֮еĴ̿ͣһɹԲپȥ
ȻǣȻϢõûҲΪ⣬û뵽Ȼֻʵ˸ˡ
ţǸƣȷǺǿŮҲͻȻصȻƸӡܹ֯Ҳȷںˡ
ˣʧܾˣԭҪûǼһһ鷳ǲܵˡҲҡҡͷ˵Ȼνĸͳ죬ƺȥ򵥵һˮ֮УȴǳżΪӵĹϵ
ǡǷҲҪ֡ʱͻȻŮӿʵ
ʱûУ㶯֣ȻҲǶ֡ҡͷɲ볹׵ص壬ͷ
ȻáǸƸҵĸоǸĪ⡣
һȴûŮҲһ㶣û뵽ȻǷƿĿеõߵۡ


2703 
ˮǶһ־ɵյУֻʣѾ˳ػص˿ջ֮УǺĽ׻ȻҲûȥۿˡ
һص˿ջ棬˱̾ۼһǵѾǱ¶ˣǻ֪Է˭Էȴ֪Լ˭Ϊͷۡ
ϵĵˣ£µǣЩڰĵˡ
һε飬ƾù죬ΪǸֵһߣǡ
˵ǵʦ֯ˣҲ΢΢̧ͷʵʱ˽⣬֪ԭղԼֵģһϹͽܣѹֻΪˣǱûˣ
ţ֪ǣһǧǰǼ֯һߣȷǹͽܡֻʼǿ͸
е˰˵ˣǼ֯ĵλǲ͵ȥͽܣܻǱƷƳһ£˵ĻôϮһߵˣ²֯
ԣֻϹ޼ɽһ㶣ղ·ͻȻû뵽һ㣬ҲеϮ֮ɵĻҲһΪƷ֯ѾǺͷ׵طǳɹػɱ޻ƣҲֻǸƴ鷳ѡ
˵Ϯǵˣɵļƻֻʳһ£˵Ҳеģ
ҲֻƲѡҲҡҡͷһ´ȥ֮󣬿϶ĳЩ֪ɻһЩڰеļһҾýӿɾͲ̫ƽˡ
ŷô˵ֻҲǿյӺԣ̾ûһƺǸˮǵĸͳйϵһֵǻһ򡣡
ͳ죿΢΢سһ£Ҳʵô
ûУֻˮǵĳϾҲûгΪķܶҲ޷̫ࡣֻҡҡͷǵҾãҪһ⸱ͳͷĸʲôĻǱҪس
Ա΢΢ر˫˼һҲ˫½Ұɣûа취ŪǸͳס֮ء
᲻̫ðˣȻǵ˸ףǱɳæֻʳһ£ĻδеչˣóȻؾٶǴݾߡ
İɣȻҵİ취һЦһĨصЦݣȴûж˵ʲô
ȴûõǣڳһ԰֮УŮҲͬһʱŮӵȥһ˸ͳľס֮ܲһЩջԵĻһҲǸһЩ鷳
ĻǸͳỳɵͷŮҲǳĬһ
νҲͻˣ룬õıٳߣҲһݹ͡ŮһΪҲ֮λܾˣҹϯͷҪͼıˡ
ɵһξٶ޷ҪЮ㣬ΪβȥֻǣǾˮǵСŮ̾Ϣһ
ɲҪЮңҪֻ֣֮ǡŮҡҡͷ鿴ú͸ƽصǰýٳУȻһҪЮңһǴӦǵôʱҰǵϢȻͨĳĶڣʱ˿϶ŭҳ֡
һҳ֣ô֯ǰøͳλһãҲ֪ͳɵˡ
Ůӵ侲ƺǵˮǵһЩƣҲǿһŮӣһʵûа취ˣҲѰæ
һ˰ɡŮҲûж˵ʲô˵ͷٶȻȥ»Ůһ˶ڻ԰֮̾Ϣֹ
ɰɣңֺγǡ
þù󣬻ŮҲ̧ͷգԼ¶һַĸоѹ֡
ڹһʱֻ֮ҲٴѰҵ˷ƣóһͼݸƵģŸͳס֮һЩڷֲҵĻصȵȡ
ԣʱϲĻôİҹǱ룬Ǹӵаա
ɱȥɱ˰ܲŪмֵ鱨ҵҪˮǵУ˭йɣһΣһϴ
ֻҲصҲȥһ˳


2704 ·
ţҪȥҲ΢΢شһ£̧ͷֻʣҲǳһҾãƺеˮ
İɣ٣ûܹҡֻ˷ڵģҲǻ˻Ƶ
µǣҲǸ֯һˣⷬǰȥ뻢ڣưһۣҲǳɣʵҪȥĻ޼ɸһȥ˵ĻȻ٣ҲδӲ
ҾҲǣҪȻһڿջ棬ɰҸˡϹ޼ҲһԱǿ顣
ֻʹһЦҲǵ˵ͷǺãǾǱ·ˣ޼ɸңԼȥͳǱߡ
ʼ򣬿һ۴ɫǾ͵ȵҹ֮ʣжɡ
ֻϹ޼һۣҲ໥˵ͷȥ׼
ȥ֮󣬷Ҳ״̬֮У⿪ҲԵˣҲΪԵΪ֮ģ
ԼһǾͻ˵һĵƣ½һߣҲû뵽ǰ
ȥǵһĵز⿪ľϣԼļʴӣһ£ԵҲٶǽ֮С
һһεſҪѨϣȿΪȻģһ뵽ԼǵȿҲ𽥵ƽ
һ磬ǵϣǷ֪ƣΪľܹԼܹƿп
ҹ˾֮ʣڵҹҲ𽥵һ£ˮҲһѵõİ֮УҹѾˣƶȻ˫â
վһͬһʱ䣬ҲرƿֻϹ޼ҲʱȻؽһ۷ƣҲǵ˵ͷʵ׼ô
ɵһЦҲóһɫԼòڸסһۣںҹ֮УҲֱܹǵݡ
ֻϹ޼һۣҲƵĶ׼ҲǳҹɫԱ·ͬĿĵء
ڵҹ֮£һΪѸٵĺӰϵһЩڰԵĵط˸Ƶ˫˸žâ׾ٵںڰ֮пκ
ٶȷǳ֮죬һ˲䣬ǿԽʮףһЩѲߵҲûвƵһ
ڼžĺڰ֮УƲϵǰУֻʸԼĵͼǰһλͳľס֪֮ʱȥ᲻ʲôջ
⸱ͳпɹһñŪһ㣬ȻĻѰ
һȥΪľס֮ƲûżŽȥԶңңؿţѾ֪ˣ⸽ŲʮϢǻȻǳһЩڡ
䱸ɭϣҲһǸͳļ֮УûֻʸԼһͼҪϢǱȥҲһ¡
֪аڣûУȻûκοѶԣֻҪ¶ԼϢûܹĵڳ棬𼶱ĴڣܹǸо
ĻˣǿߣҲͨϢƵĴڣңһηҲԼİ취Բñ룬ܹ׵ֵۡ档
СΣôɡƴʱҲһҲغСΣΪһοǴСεֶɴ̽
ţڣʲô£Сٶ֪شӷһƤؿŷƣƺƽǿġ
ǱǸۡôָǰ䱸ɭϵĸۡʵΪСεڣֻзһܹ֮⣬˸ǲСεĴڡ
ܡСҲǳһ£˵ͷҺ֮ľ벻̫ԶĻҲΪ
С˵Ҳһ㶣£ҲֱӵʵľǶ٣
СԴһµһҡ
һüͷ˵ԶԶ˵̲̣Ҫһ»еѶȰͳĸۡȥΪˣһľǲԼʲô顣
ԼǱȥ


2705 ҹ̽ۡ
С˵ģƳҪԽһ⸮֮ۡУֻǶĳЩرɭ֮أԼǱ־룬Сǰȥ鿴ɡ
ʱСģȻҲǵͬһ㡣
ҲǷ֮Ϊʲôаնһ̽ۡԭСڣС
£ƵӰҲһϢӰһ㣬ȻϢڱܹవڵѲӣȻǳҹɫֱӵǱ⸮֮ۡУǵ˷ƽ֮һЩڰλҲûκεĲ
ڽ˸֮ۡУ΢΢üͷֻͼϵָ鷿ķȥΪֻʵһ鱨Ҳᵽ⸱ͳиϰߣÿ϶鷿ɹ
ЩȨ˵鷿һʮҪĵطܣһδǱĻ˵Żᣬܹ̽һЩʲô
ΪȾǰźԼ·ߣȻɫѺڣǺ׵ؾһƬĵƬĵۡҲǳ˽Ƴġ
סĶһλͳֱӵܣǸүȵȣסһƬ
ٺ٣ӦûˣȻɭࡣһЦӰҲ˰УûֱӵԳѡ˻԰һɽ档
һȫظԼϢһɽԱҲǲ滹ˡ
Ժ֮лһµͼҲԼĪعţطӦþǸͳ鷿ԶˣӦǿСΧ֮ػ
СΣƿʱ࣬ҲǰԵغһƬ֮СεӰٴθֶȻָŲԶһϸȥ濴һ£Ķһ顣
СԴҲǵ˵ͷǱ֮߳ҲһСεص㣬ΪֻܹüСεĴڣ˸Ǹо
ΪСһ۶ɣʣһǰƮţ˭Ѱ֮
ĿСιشǽ鷿УҲ΢΢һĨЦԼһݱ죬֮Լֺδطȥã
ͷҲһǳ׵ذԼϢһɽ׵ںһ塣
ʱպһѲߵĻڻ԰֮߹ǼǾ԰֮еļɽҲûзκβԾƿһĻӵŸʮ㣬٣Ļû˿ԷֵԼټ
󣬷Ҳ΢΢ر˫ҪľǾصȴСΰϢǷȴûע⵽ǣͬʱһ֮ۡͣȴֹһ
ڷƳ׵ظԼϢֱӣҲһƮƮĺӰһƬҶһ㣬Űۼؽ鷿ݶ棡
Ȼ˵ĳ֣ƶûвõԿ˵ΪҪôǸĿ£ҪôŶصϢţһ֣Ȼ׶Ըļһ
ò˵ѡǽ죬ʱոպ÷ǳغãΪ췢飬õһλͳе˯³ȴһ鷿֮ڣԱߵĽ䣬һӰǽߣϸĲǸܲԷĴڡ
ϻư£ô
鷿УͳҲǻ̧ͷӰӰ֮УƺһΣպþʱСεӰҲֱӵشǽ
˵ĶԻСҲԴԱǾһ㣬ţһĻʮֵع죬ֻǲǸͳ죬һλڰӰûǸСεĴڣʱſһӰûв
ȻҪ޻㡣
һͳӺڰ֮д֮гЩ⣬ȻǽպһλӰӣүҲǼɵĺܡ
˵˭ĪǸСǸôͳҲǿյͷ°˼飬ҿûһߵȻĻԼ»ûκΰ취Ź𽻴
Ҫ֪ǾȹԼһǺ֮֯ҲǳΪˮǵĸͳ죬ǶԹһֱޱȣùͽܣĵ̳¡
ǸûжĹϵҲ˵ȥʱԼƺҪ̹һæܹɴ¡
˵пܣѾע⵽ĲԾڰ֮еӰҲǻص


2706 ¶
ܣ빲֮£֮⣬Ҳû֪ǸȻٶ࣬ҲԲƵЭ顣ͳҲǳ
ʱݶһӰŵⷬԻ֮ȻҲüͷȻǲϣ⸱ͳ죬ʵѾǺɹһˡ
ûв͸ǽ̫ˣ˹Ĺ̫ױ˿ˡڰ֮еӰӰҲΪصǡ
ĻǸǾѾע⵽ˣµһͳȻòϣ˵仰ʱҲ̲סһĨɱ⡣
ȱ嶯׽סãǸɹƣǿвֻҪʱֻʵһôĩҲǲԶˡ
ڰ֮еһӰ˵֮ʣȻҲǱޱȣƺѾƺõһı
˵ֻʣģ᲻ֻʵˣͳֻҲǲɵüͷҲǳһص
ûв´ĻӦþˣûôɵ£Ǳ߲ҲϢôǰ죬ѾȻˮǡ
ϧˣûа취Ѱҵǵ֮أĻܹسǣͳȻҲһҰĲˣһɹһ𣬲ǳֻʵˮǣһı
֪ˣҲڰ֮еһӰҲҡҡͷʱպ΢ͷսȻһֱûжĶȻ˫ƺڵһʲô
˵ɵĿҪֻʸɱˣͳҲüͷоһΣɵĿƺ򵥣Ǽ򵥵س⼸ˣֺα˻ֶΡ
ǣɱֻʣҲԳ棬øǳ֣Ȼʱһеζǻ鵽ǸǵϣǾǿ˳؏ֿһйϵû֪ݡڰ֮еӰҲǳĬһЦʱһùĻˮǻ˵ô
ҲǣһǸǧ㣬ûƵҾȻǺһȥЭɰøٳߣҲ˹ԹԾͷˡͳҲǹһЦɫ֮гԺһƻʵģֻɽöѡ
Ϊ˶ȡˮǵĳ֮λ׼ΪľǲǸŮˣֻҪֻһ֣˲佫ƸˣôʱȻŭֻһҲǻ˶೤
ǸʱԼǿ˳ؽӹܵˮǡ
ȻʱһЩһϸ΢ҲǴݶ֮д¸ͳһڰ֮еӰȻҲһղǶǲ׽Щ
ǵĸ
˭
£ͳվһϵɫɨӶܣǿСεĴڣȴǲСθһΪԼ¶ˣͷһ룬ôܵأ
£СҲ΢΢̧ͷݶҲһĨ΢ЦĻȣ͵ˣɲֹһԣɲ͵ǹؽġ
ͬһʱ䣬ݶ֮ϵһӰҲеŭղһҪԸˮǵĳֹסķŭ£ϢȻǺܳһ˿Ҳˣøͳһˡ
£Ҳ֪Բٶˣֱӵ뿪Ȼе㲻ʱ䣬һ˫˸žâǡþ˷һɽ֮У
ӰҲͬһ㱩ȴûдŰ죬ֱڵļɽȥʱ鷿棬һɫӰҲ͵صɴԼ˫˫һأֱӵؾǱ
飡
һ죬ֱӵشҹյļžͬʱۡĻǱһЩǸ¶ɭϵɫ
ʱڱĿķƣһˣʶţǱ˰ɣ
ȻʱһģĺӰȻһ㣬ֱӵɽ֮УҷƸ֮ʣǶԷʱ
ʱڰ֮У۾ӣȻ˫Ǻܾ㵣
ꡣ
Ʋ֪Է˭ʱȻǳ£ֹؼʱֻҪһĶͻǱ˷֡
ҿ֮͵ʱ򣬷ҲеΣӦԼز²⵽ˣ֮㶯»ǰ֮йϵ


2707 ˭
ûκνһͻȻֵغӰͬһʱ䣬ֱӵԵƣҪסԷͣʾⲻҪκεĶ
㣡
ǷʶظоƺסԼ͵ƣҰһֵ㣬ĪǰŮģ
һǰӰͬһʱ䣬˶Էһ˫ҲǶȻһ˫Ϥ
ԣԼǼֻ˭
ƽضԼ弸ǿ÷ǳ壬ǵ㣬ŶԷƴȻҲǲ²⵽ˣԷ˭
ǽҪɱһߵһˣ
һ֣ͷˣϵǣԷƺһŮġ
ʱ棬ȴѾըһ㣬ԭžĸۡҲһӷٲԵ˶Ƿ׷һɻؿ߶Ļ
ѣҳ׵ѣһ˴˸֮ۡУԲܹ뿪
֮һϵҲǴ͸ۡȻһθͳνǳ׵ضŭˣԷֶ̫е˷˼ȻܹవڻߣӶ͵͵Ǳ棬µǣ޷ԷĴڣΪµ顣
ȥʱ䣬ۡǳ׵طϵŻرѰţû뵽˾ǵĲԶһֹһ
ڻ԰ļɽ棬һӰɵۣ㿴ңҿ㣬ǲҴСԼһЩĲǿɾ鷳ˡ
СΣɡ
ʱҲͨʶõСλҲΪСαˣҲһǰһӰ֣ȻҲǲ²õһﱩ¶٣øͳ˾֮ġ
Ƭ֮СҲǱĴԼǽС壬رܵĻ֮Уٴǹػص˷Ƶߡ
ΪСνԣֻҪʶɣǰҲ޷СεĴڣ·Ҳʵôûʲô
ٵģиùһƻ飬ǰɣʱСҲЦؿŷǰˡ
¶ˣù˵˵㶼ʲô
ƵҲΪΣǰӰ¶õøͳ˼ɵ֮ģôȻСλǿԼ̽õ顣
СҲǰԼģһһʮظһƬ˵˷ƣ֮󣬷Ҳѡ˳ĬȻֱһε飬ƺԼ򵥣»һЩı
ӰһֹŷƣǲëģôԹԵģƿɲûжԼڿ˼š
Ƭ̷ƻҡҡͷջûʲôϾЩķֲǺЩԻ˵ֻʵĻôӦûǵõջ񣬴Ӷƶϳ顣
ڴʱӰѾȥ˰ʱʱ棬Ǿţȥж죬ж졣
ǿûЩͬһʱ䣬ĻһֱûͣػصѰţŲѰҳͲݵͷ
ǣʼնûвõҪҵˣһֱǵǰ
һʱȥˣĻƺȷҲûа취Ѱҵ֮Ҳǳ׵طˣȴǿʼĵ顣
ͳҲΪŭԷȻϢؽ͵ȴûаֱԷݣ˵Ѹ٣ǲǰᡣ
¾˰ɣģ֪˭͵ͳҲȭͷղ˵Ļȥǲ˵飬ñ֪ɹһһˣοҪųȻǸŮ֪ԼһУĻһЩʲôҲ֡
ҲһۣȥҪ׼ܶ࣬ϾǸ㲻һñ֪ˣǱҪӦĶԲߡ
ȥ֮󣬷Ҳڳ׵һһؿЩ֣һжΪǰˣͱƻԼĴĿġ
Ǹͳȥ֮󣬷ҲסûκζǼصȴţһӰȻҲ㣬Եµ龰ǣ˼š
Ƭ֮ǿһ˵Ŀռ֮Уٶǳ˸ͳӰɨһܣҡҡͷƺʧȻٴʧˡ


2708 ӵľ
ȻڸͳٶȳһĻȻҲܹظܵҲһ£һȻϺ꣬Լղһ֮£ֱӵشӼɽ˵ֱӵر֡
Ϻ꣬Ҳͦġ
Ƶһ񲻹Ǹͳ컹һڰӰӣǳ׵ʧˣȻҲǴɷģǰ⣬ɾǰˡ
Ӵ˱ǵĵ㣬ֱۣƲɵ¶һζɫ˵˭ĪǾˮ֮еĳ
ǵֻ˵ˮǵĳһŮģҽϵҲܸͷƵĲ롣
˭
ֱӵؿʵ±¶ԼݣݿҲûж֪οǰˣѷǵС
ŮһҲûƣݺݵصһ۷֮󣬱Ҫתȥ
ţ߾ߣ΢΢Լƣֱӵס˶Էȥ·ΪɽڲĿռСû뵽ôһƸպȴǴһĨĵط
£ǱҲûԤϵ֣һʱ֮е㲻֪룬ŮӶʱ˫ҲŭɣҪɱ˷һ㣡
ſ֣
ŮӵͬҲѹúܵͣϾҲʲôᾪϺ꣬͵òʧˡ
ƵεһЦҲæԼƸ˻һֿЦõ飬¿ɾˡ
ŮӽҪɱ˵֮£ƻԼƣЦ㾿˭
£͵ûҾͿˡ
ŮصŷƵҲ¶һɫӵƸղžȻǷŵԼǰ˫壬ֱǻƽԼͱˡ
ڸͳĸ֮ۡУ϶ǲܹʲôҲֻҧš
˵仰֮󣬺ŮҲûǹɫʶ΢΢ɢȥ̽һ֮ȷûΣգҲһһ㣬ֱӵȥʧںڰҹĻ֮С
ԹԣŮĲľǸˮǵĳɣĿźŮӵȥҲ˼ҲǲȷϾôһ֮͵֮£δе۵ĸо
ΣһˣƺҲǲûκջԼԴһζԻ֮У⵽ٵõϢĿǰ÷һָ֪
ˮҲǷǳظӰ૵ӰҲһӰһ㣬ȻϢʧ⻨԰֮С
ΪŵľȻʱۡĽ䱸Ϊɭϣڷȴûж⣬ܹȻҲܹȥѲѰĻǷƾ֮һ㣬Ӳ˵Ƥӵ͵͵߳
뿪˸ͳĸ֮ۡ󣬷Ʒ֣ʱˮƺΪͳ츮ۡһĪĽ֮Уԭһ˵ĽֵϣҲǲһЩҰѰĻ
һĻҡҡͷҲǿЦѣҲֱӵػص˿ջ֮Уǣֻʻûл
ɺҽǰǱˮǵĶˣǿƵ˶ǲڣѾŵز²⵽¿Ѳ˸ϵ
ڿ˷ƵĻ֮󣬱ɺҽҲæʵǶʲôôˮǶǱˣ
ȥ̽һϢѡʼҲʵֻϹ޼˻ûô
ûУȥʲôطɲܳʲô顣Ҳһżʵֻʳʲô⣬ɾǲ֪Хˡ
İɣӦûж⣬ʱӦÿˡ˼صֻϹ޼ɣǱ֣ˮ棬ҪǰǸ»ûмˡ
٣ǷƸӦˮ֮棬ƺûĴڣȻĻܹӦõ
ʱɫӰҲǴӴֱӵԾѱɺҽ˶һǷֱֻ֮Ҳһ
ǿˡ΢΢һЦȻҲǺػѾ㹻ˡ
˵ˣոսȥûã֪ô£ĻǴصҺ޼ҲǲҼֻ˻ᣬ͵͵ʲôҲû̽õֻ˺ԼĺɫһƵص
ģƺһУûʲôջˡ


2709 ˮǵľ
û£ҲԤϵ̽ʲôƹһЦڸղŮͬڸͳĸ֮ۡڣܹ²õˣ´ֻǲʲôջ
ţ㲻ҪңǵȶǸֹϵɣֻʵɴ˫ۣҲʲôҲһ˷ܵؿŷƵ˵˵̽ʲôˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲͻȻʵˣڳǳô
ֻʣȻֻҲһ㶣Ϲ޼һۣ˵ͷˣȻûпǵʵò˻ƺǷʲô顣
ȻڣҲǴһĪ˲ǳ
£ҲһһʮؽԼڸͳ츮֮ۡڴ̽ĶԻ˵ֻһнзϾˮǵľƣֻȻ˽øࡣ
˷ƵĽ֮󣬷˶ʱҲһֳĬֻʿüͷȻȥˮǵľƱԼҪԤϵøΪӡ
ֻڿ˼һ֮Ҳ̧ͷݷƴ̽ĶԻһ£ӦģǸͳ죬ʵŹ֮£ֻһ³һֱ֪ıȡ֮λ
֯ˣڸͳİæ֮£ٳ˳ãԴвɹƣ֮£ˮǵĳҲȻǳΪ֯ˡ
ԣ˵ͷҲǳһ£еɻƺǲҪԸǣ
ţΪô˵ֻҲ΢΢һ£е㲻ⷬ
Ϊڴ̽ʱһˣһĿģȻ¶ˡƳǱɹƣҲǵˡ
ôֻ֮Ҳ˳˼ԼĶͷǰľƣƺΪӣŸͳ֮䣬ʲôϵ
ûв´ĻҲԼز²⵽˸ͳ֯ŹᣬԽһǱȥˣӦþڳġ΢΢˼һҲǻ˵Լļ⡣
ңһԻ֮Уǿ֪ñٳ֣ǸͳйأҳɹƣΪ¡
ֻԣʱǰһҲ뵽һЩ飬±ǵ˵Ҫ֮ԸǣȻʱٰеǹ鵽ϡ
һĻͳܹ˳سɾˮǵĳܹӴǵһЩ֮£ʱеڳϣû˻ȥ
ЦЦûҵ˼
Ǿ˵ƺǵˣϹ޼Ա˴죬ȸӵ⣬ֱҪԴҲܽһ飬ǾѷǵС
ֻŷһЦô˵ҲȫȷΪǲȷ
һĻǿµһԲߣȻһʲô鷢ҲǷǳرֻʳһ
ǿԽƾͼơصһЦȻǵĽѾˣôȻܹ׵һЩӦ֮ߡ
ţ˵˵ֻҲǹһЦ˵ļƻǿеģôδؾûлŤתһо档
ڲ˭ɻǳǸͳ죬ǶӦúǾˮ֮СƵ˵ͷȻҲΪʲôûǶ֡
Ƕ֮䣬ǿѰԼѡ
ѣˮ棬˭ǵѣϹ޼һزص
Աߵֻ˳˼Ƭ֮ǻص˼˵ȥӴˮǵĳ
Ƶ˵ͷǺƺɶԸǣֻΪñٳˣڱɹƣܹĻ˵ǻܹһΣ
ڣһ㣬޷ȷ̬ȣΣֻüͷȻ˵ȥΪУʵȴǷǳðգǷһ
ҵֱǸƺӦòվһ𡣡΢΢һЦǳĻҲɳȥͳĸۡ͵֮ġ
϶ҲѰŻᣬֻûϵҪΰɵʱѾϸͳˡ
аգֻʳһ£Ҳǿһ۷ơ
У龿ôһӴ֪غһһȻѾǷˣôΪβȴֱӳʱԼȥһ˳
ھһʱ䣬ֱӵضȥһ˳ܴ̬ܲ̽ΡҲǳ


2710 ȴ
ھҪȥ
ڷƵҪֻʴ㵲ѣû뵽ƾȻ˵ļ
ûʱȥĻ˵ܹһЩá΢΢һЦҲŰ˵վԼһߵӪ
᲻̫ΣˣֻüͷգѾǱɹƣܹ˵öԷ
ңΪҪǣûɾԺʵز²ɣ϶ˮ֮ڣֻʱûа취֪Էλãڳ֮ڣƴУ¾ǵͶˡ
Ҫջܵ˸Цŵ±ȥе㲻ʣϹ޼ɾͱ˵һͷӣͲԷ̸еĲϡ
ǵҲǡֻԣҲǳЦԱߵϹ޼ȴǷ˷ۡ
ǲгĵͼôҿһ£綯²˳١·ҲǵͷֻҲǽһݵͼֱӵó÷ϸ۲һ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƲǰķֲλöǼԼԴ֮УҲǵ˵ͷٴȻ뿪˿ջǰ
뿪˿ջ֮ȻƸоˣˮǽѲߵĻøˣԭžҹʱȴǱõƻͨõò˶Ǳ
ֻҡҡͷҲٴСؽԼٸûиЩ˿
ò˵䱸ΪɭϣǷƣҲǻһ򣬲ǴջȻĸһ·ϣĻѲ߶飬ǲڶʮˡ
Կղڸͳ飬еˡ
ҵǣԷѹǲ֪˭ֻäĿѰҡ
ƴʱԶĳҲڵţȻһξ趯СεˣҪԵؽȥνĳ̸һ
ΪǷǳؾգΪƲ棬Ƿ񻹻֯Ĵڡ
ûУȻãһ֯ǿĻôԼ¾Ͷˡ
˼һԼֱǸδıĳһֱԷǲ֮£ñٳ֣ɹƣҲûа취顣
Լһܹ򶯶ԷȻԼ׬ˡ
غһҲǿһܣٶǻһӰǱ棬ķΧ˿ǸͳСҪѰҲΪ¡
֮£Ʋ֪ǳһطҲǲҴϾĻɲȥ
ų֮Ѳ߲ϵĻ飬ҲǸеΪͷۣҪѸٵҵǳڵĵطȻԼûκΰռ
ƴʱһĽ䣬ǽһ޴ӱ󣬼ǺҹѰ˸֪һˣŻѲ߶龭ƵϢ䵽Ǹǲܻᷢ֡
ƶںڰ֮Уȴ˼ʱʲôط
ֻĵͼܽطпԣһȻң鷿ǻ԰
ϸѰ˼һƾʱ飬Ȼ˯ŵģôһǿ׵ųˣ鷿ҲпܣпܣڵģǿԺˣ˭û´ҹȥ԰
ȻڷƵǰѡһ鷿һ
ڷƳɲʱѲ߻һͻȻͣٶ£һ鷿ĻҪǿǹȥɣһƬһ
仰ʱ򣬷ﶼҪַˣֱѩ̿ԼȻܹ²⵽鷿Ҳûеֱӵ𰸸Ϊˡ
һԻҲǵͷӦƫ˷鷿ķ˹ȥںڰ֮еķƣҲһЦڵҹɫԼһЩڸĵβһӻ
ԼĪβƬ֮󣬷ƶȻطܵĻҲǱøˣһλѲߣиǲ֪жٰڴڡ
ٴһطԼӰãһηȴǸеͷˣǰһĻǲֱӵ͵͵ȥԼЩ˶ɱˡ
ȻʵƲɵǽüͷѾѰҵ˳λãôҪľǣβܹųӴǽн̸


2711 ˮǳ
ǰô໤ǷֶΣҲǻһܹȥڷΪ֮յʱһ䵥ĻԭԼĸλߵ˷ƲԶĵط
ӣƺҪ͵һһĻƶȻǰһҲǺٺһЦ¿ɲֳɵİæ֮ô
һؾݣҲֵҹˣеиߵ˺ڰ֮ŵؿһ˲ҪɿԼƺҪз֮¡
һЦҲǰֵܣɾͶԲˣίһˡ
£ֱӵͬһһ㣬ıҲû˿ĲõоСһˬ֮⣬ȴǷԺЩ
ûӦ֮ʣǶȻʧȥֱֱӵ˵ϣ¡
һеףҲǺٺһЦһܣԼһУû˷֣ҲؽƵϵһ䣬ذѶԷϵ·ӶԼϡ
һ֮󣬷Ʋǹ˳ǵԭڵλãҲǴҡڵ߶һλã֮УȻû˲
һɫƷԼʱҲ˼ţҪôܹ鷿棿
ǿ鷿ٰǻѰ֮£ûа취鷿Ͻ취һǻԹȥˣֵĻôȻļƻǻᱻ¶
ڷƾ岻֮ʣ֮ȴٶȷƬ֮󣬱ǶȻشһƬٵХƺĳźţһܵĻʱǴһ־š
ţܵĻҲһۣȻȫؿ£鷿ǷһΧȦһ㣬һĻҲ˼⣬Ҳˡ
ȻȻ֮£ҲûзŹκһᣬȻȺ֮лˮ㣬վڵλãϵؽӽ鷿ѰŻڽ鷿棬֮ܿ£Ʊ˽⵽ΪǷ㶯ȻǱԼŵһˡ
֮£ĻҲһ־֮У£ΪΣû뵽ȻѸٵؾǱˡ
Ȼʱ鷿ŶȻرƿһŮʵ˺£Ȼ˾ţ
ˮǵĳ
·Ҳ΢΢شһȻֻˣͨҲԼز²⵽ˮǵĳҲһˡ
ղŻѲߣѾǱѾǼӴѰҡ
ʱҲվ㱨ڶ໤֮Уһʱ֮䣬ҲûܹĴڡ
ţ֪ˣǼһκǱ룬֪ͨҡһŮҲٴһι鷿Ĵȴٶǹرնϡ
ûԤϵǣڴŹرյһ˲䣬һӰѾһּΪѸٵĽȥˣ̣ûκ˲
ӰȻǷˣղڴŴ򿪵һ˲䣬Сٴγһ鷿֮󣬷ȴǿһˡ
ҲҧһᣬŴŹرյһ˲䣬ԼǻһӰǱ˽ȥ鷿棬̿νʮֵΣڷƼѹԼϢ֮£û˿ԲĴڡ
ڽ鷿֮󣬷Ҳһ㶣鷿˵󲻴˵ССǹȴǣһˣ
ԼۿȥȻһ˶ûУһ£ȴһ㶣Ҳǰ⣡
ȻǱˣ
ȻڷƲԾʱһȴ
˭ģ
ҲǿЦѣԼȻؾͱһԷȻҲʡ͵ĵơ
ƻؿǰеҲǲη壬ǰǳ̸ȻѾǱˣôȻҲء
˵Ĵ֮ô΢΢һЦԷû¶ΣȻڸԼۡ
ϧ㲻ǿͣ˵ɣ˭ȻĻ㽫޷뿪
ԷûԳΣõ÷еˣһܣҲò˵ȷеֶΣССһ鷿Ȼǲ
ðɣ˭㲻Ҳǲ²⵽ˣǳ̹ʼͲˣʱ򣬶Է޴²ⲻԼݡ
Щ˭Ȼ²ĵǵ˵ԷҲǲżǵصһ۾ǿ˷ƵİϷ
ˣҲΪΣ̯˫ֵҾǷƣ


2712 
ڷƵĻ֮鷿֮УҲǸһĨĿռƬ֮һŮҲǻسڷƵǰ
һĻİһѹ֡
Ů֮Լ޷õԭǶ˿ռ䷨򣬽׵ռ֮УһԼȸû뵽ԵҲ޷
ռ䷨򣬹ȻȤҲһˡ΢΢һЦ磬ܹϰռ䷨ˣûж٣Ȼͷ϶йڿռ䷨ţɲÿһ˶ܹɹ
һССѣڶ֮ƣҿǲȡԷҲǵЦ˿ûиղǵȽŵա
ʱƲע⵽ǰŮӣʵòҲǲȻûлʸ˫ǵȾòҲǳ֮ɫˣòӵвΪ͹˵ֶΣѹܹȳ֮λ
ðɣ׻˵̫ˣҽǰĿģȻҲǺҴ˭Ҳ̹ȻһЦҲûмŶԷȥץʱ̸Ҫ
Ҳ˵ʲô෴ʱˮǵĳȷ¶һЦеɫ¶һʲôı顣
һĻҲǰ⻹滨ԷҪ׵ذȨץԼ·Ҳһơ
㲻⿪ڵɹƣѰҵãҿ뿪
Ʋ̲صȻҲǸɴ಻żˣȻԷҪ滨ôҲǷȥ
仰һˮǵĳɫȻǱˣԼ¶Щɱ⣬ضŷƲ
ңҪ֪ٳõ˿ɲҡƿһɫҲЦȻǱԼ²ˣԷҪԼֶΣʸء
Ӯˡ
Ƭ֮ˮǵĳҲǻɫصȻе㲻ǹ̷˵ÿһ仰ǴҪ
ԣһЦɨһܣһأһڸͳǱǱ͵ˣΪɲӦҲĬĬ֮ɣ
ҵʦãʱǺ޲Ҫɱ㣬ȷҪˮǵĳҲһЦڽڸͳ츮֮ۡ£ȻҲ˽õˡ
ɫҲǰһȻˣȻԼǰ²⵽ŮӼпǳˣֻ˵Ʒ뷨ȴΪŮӿ϶ǳˡ
ǻˣ¡εһЦԼƴ˲ôĶҲе
ԳƺΪ̡ʱǻŮҲǵЦŵǴԼ˵
̣֡ƹһЦҲɫ߶Уô룬ɾ£Ͼĳ̶ֳϣ˵ģȻҲܹ塣
仰˵Ĳ٣ǣɵ飬ͱȻǸйϵֻҲǸһһˮǵƣƺҪֻʸƽȥ
֮£Ҳ˵ǴֻʶֻʵĶȻҲǿԴ塣
ޣҪ̸ʲôôȥ˸ͳǱߣǴæˡЦѣһ֮ɫؿŷơ
û취˭ǣء
ʼ򣬵ע⵽ֳֵʱ̵ɫҲѿ˼֡
ɡڸͳǳҲǴ̽һЩϢ˰ɡ̳һ£ȷ֪٣ҲǲóȻؿڡ
֪ģҶ֪һصı飬ЦŵȻĻûбҪٻˣ߿Ը⿪ɹƣѰҵá
ô˵ˮҲǵɴ࣬û뵽ƾȻֱ֮ӣһھǷųôһ
ҪʲôȻҲǲΪƻ׵ذҪ֪ڿɹһˣȻ֪ԼȻ·ߣ
ѡƲ̲ص˫̵ֱҺɸϵƺҪһЩֻʲ飬ҿԿó㲢ǲ롣
ҲѰԭ򡣡
˳Ĭ֮УǲŷƣеţˣֻʾȻѡԼ
Ҫ֪ʱͷѾǽսڼˣһȥԼ֯һôƱط½ԼĲ֮أ
ѾĴ㣬û뵽ȴһѡǰ


2713 
ô΢΢ЦΪѣȥ£̣ڵɹƣǻ˸⿪ãҲڰѰҡ
ڷ˵ȷǺܾջڵɹƣģĵõ䡣
£ҲǳƬ̣Ҫô
ҹɵ顣ǳһ£Ϊ˽⵱µľƣҲǲóȻ¾ֻ˶ΣȰ֯Ū˵
ɣиʥӵˣˮ֮ڣƺҪԸֻʣѾ֪ˮ档Ҳʼ
ƾһ£һɵˣȻǴ̯ԩҲͷҪһˣ뵽Ʋɵ΢΢ǣ¶һζɫ
ôʶ¶ɫȻҲΪ⣬Ҳǿһ۷ƣٳҵãɹơ
㲻ںδôҲ׷ʵڴĳ֣ҲǸеΪ⣬֮УҲɱʱһοûôõĻᣬôٴѵ
עԼ٣Թ׷Ѱȴ޹ֵעǣͬҲˮǵС̳һ£ǻص
ھͺãڡһЦһҪúõغʹһ
Ӧú׼Ƕ֣ʲôӦ֮ô
ʱҲüͷ˵ôãƿǻû˵֮£еżˡ
Ӧ֮ôӺԣһʱ֮䣬һӦ֮ߣҲеǿˣҲֻܺٺһЦżҪˡ
ڷ̬ȣΪԼôܹ˵ĻһӸо÷ƺе㲻̵ҲǱΪ䵭֪ɵǿߺܿǻή٣ʱûӦ֮ߣ顣
ȻⷬҲǼӵ˵ˣһΣֻûа취ӦɵǿߣôҲǸѹϵĴڡ
ĺˣȻҪҶ֣ȻҲһ֡һЦ֮УҲ𽥵γһı
ΪǿܹѰҵ䣬ôƵ˾ܹյ
ˮǣȴûг֣Ըе㲻ϣҲ˵һ£ǾǴʱڴߵǿ߲࣬˴ǲұ¶Լټ
ҲΪһ㣬ԴŻǳ׵ذԼκãΪ˷ټӶõֻ̳֪ͬһ鵹ǻøӵ⡣
Ҫȶ֣Ҳǳһһֲ˼ŷƣͺһһ㡣
ΪβɣȴҪ취Ѱҵ䣬һ˳ǰøȳҲʼ
٣Ҳﲻʲôæ̴ʱҲΪεصܹȳԼȻãǰǣԼҲš
û£ڴұκ˶Ҫ˽ҲҡҡͷŰܹѰҵֻǲԼʱǷ㹻ѡ
аյĻôҿ԰һ´ɵǿ߳ˣҲܰǶֵʱһҡȻе㲻ŷ˵ģǵȻѡ˳ΪѣҲûа취¡
һ㹻ˡƵ˵ͷҲǿһܣǾɣûʲôˣһץʱѰҳ䡣
˵֮ⷬҲҪ׼뿪ϾǻҪϽصջ֮У̸ֻҪôܹذѴѰҵ
߰ɣĻҲǶûжвԡҲǻ˻֣ƺٺһЦҲٶǻһƺӰֱӵشӴ뿪
Ŀŷ뿪Ƭ֮ҲǳĬһͻȻصĻţ
ôһƺǽţ鷿֮УռҲǻظһĨһӰٶǳֶڴ˵أȻǻϳݡ
ҵĸоɲ⣬ô˵ˣҲһİգȽˡŮҲǵص
ϣ˰ɣһܹȳôҲǻȫؼ֮УʱҪһ˻ˮѾǲܵˡҲǿЦѡ
ֵزܽΣҪôǳ׵سΪɵˣҪôǳ׵سΪǵˣûеѡ


2714 Ѱ
ڷ뿪˳֮ٶǻص˿ջ֮УȻֻʵڵȴϢƹֻҲ΢΢ط˲١
ôΣֻЦŵ
УѾӦˡһЦֽԤ֮УֻҪ̲ɵӣܹӦԼһΣܹ֪Ҳͬˮ֮Уеˡ
ӦˣǾͺáֻҲǺٺһЦط˵ǳôֻҪڹؼʱ̣һ˭ҲԤϲ
ˣһһҲˮ档صһЦ
ֻϹ޼һֻۣҲΪ㵣ܿ뵽˷˵˭ֱӵص˵
ô֣Цŵ˵ͷ¶һζɫһڿǶҪҵ
ǼһȻڣ¿ɾͺˣҵôúһ١Ϲ޼ҲǹһЦⴺѹûøУϴɽ߼޻ǡ
Ȥˡֻ˫Ҳ΢΢ⴺˮĻôǿԽƾͼơ
ң֪ǳþǴУһʱ䣬֮԰಻֣Ϊڵɵǿ߸Ƶص
Ǿ˵ǱҪɵǿ߸֮ʣѰҵֻʳ˼һ£ܴһӾǸ뵽һˡ
ţڹؼڣ֪ڣǴ֪֪ˡһЦɫ֮¶һֵɫƺʲô
ˮҪѰһغõˣеѰϹ޼ԱҲӺԵһҲûдˮҲǲСҪѰҵһ˵Ļʵɵڴ롣
Ϲ޼ɵĻʱֻŷҲ˳˼֮У˵ûǺѣǵʱ䲻࣬ɵǿ߲֪ʱή٣Լ˱Ҫǵ֮ǰ֡
Ȼʱ򣬷ƵԺ֮ȴСܹҵǸ
СεͻȻ֣Ҳõ÷һ£ҲǸһĨϲʵСΣа취
ԣֱܹҲռ䷨һҲܹӦõСεһӱڷƵļЦеص
԰ôû뵽һءҲǰһռ䷨ģܹѰҵλãôȻҲܹӦõϾ֣ҷƶԴΪ̡
ڷ뵽һʱҲд󶨣̧ͷЦŶֻʵ˵а취ˡ
ʲô취
ֻҲΪ㵣ʱĺƵԴװĶЩʲôȻôܹ취ˣʵ
Ǹ֣ǿռ䷨һҿƾſռ䷨ĲܹѰҵõΪصȻҪѵʱ䣬Ҳȴǿˡ
һĻ㲻ǼҪܱˮǣϹ޼Ҳǲص뷨ǲе㲻̫ʵӡ
û취֮ƣҲֻˣˮȻΪ󣬵һ߸ӦһߵĻӦûѲһʱ䡣Ҳǵ˵ͷ
ɣϢһ֮ʣһܲܳûѰҵ䡣ֻʵҲǾˣΪ÷˵İ취ȷΨһİ취
Ƶ˵ͷæ˴ҹˣȷҪϢһοŪãҪսһһѰҵ䣬ǿɾ³ˡ
Ƭ֮Ҳ뿪˷Ƶķ䣬ǰȥϢϾҶæ˴ҹҸúϢһԱþ԰ܷս
ȥ֮󣬷Ҳٶ£ֱӵؽ״̬֮УΪ־磬˯Ѿ޶ϵĹ֮Уܹͬ𵽻ָá
һҹνˮǶǱòƽͳĸۡǱȥڲ֮ͬڳҲǴǱϢһʱ֮䣬õˮǶǱù
ǱϢɢȥǸͳ컹̣ǶŸԵֶΣǴӵһʱֱӵ֪Էʲô顣
һε飬˫Ǳ˳ĬȻе˵ϣҲˣղŻ˵ع졣
һУǱ֮ǰһǵĳʱ̣ˮǽǷ춯صı仯˶ǣУɣǣǷƣ޷⡣


2715 ѰҴ
֮ʣҫ۵ֱ̫ӵˮ֮ʱҲǻ˫״̬֮ӵƣ֮ɫһɨա
վһҲǳһ³ʱ˸оˬ
ͬʱҲٶȱƿֻϷ޼ҲǾֱ˽һʱϢȻҲǻָ۷״̬
׼ɣ˵׼컹һսƿɫҲЦŵ
˭ҲܸûˡϹ޼Цŵһغս֮⡣
ǴңɲܡƺٺһЦҲֱӵصˣʹ֮䣬Ʊһսһս޷ġ
ֻЦʱ򿴼˵϶ǲȱٶֵĻᡣ
УǾ߰ɡ
£Ҳٴνò׵ظıһȫͬò߳ջ֮УϾ֮ǵòѾв˼ˣΪ˷Ȼٵ¸ͷ档
ˮǵĴ֮ϣȻŵɼĻѲߣҽյҲǽ࣬ȴ˿ƵҪ¡
Ҫģˮ֮вϵţһǲ˲ѰĿռ䲨ǾͺпŴйϵ
СΣƬûпɵ
Ƭ֮󣬷ҲǲϵѯСΣʱСξļ֮ϣŷ߶λòͬδϹ̽Ѱ
Сû˵ֻҡҡͷ˷ҲֻεʼֻǼߡ
ʱعȥˣƵѾǽˮһ룬ϧǣûжķ֣һõΣҲûа취顣
˽ӽˮǵͬʱȻûõǣѰҵʱȴһֱβǵıԶԶؿš
̵ߣһŮӡ
˵ʲô̿ƵΪҲüͷȻƵٶȸıòһһֱڹעŷƣȴûж⡣
òԸı䣬ϢҲǿԸı䣬վ̻ԼıֶΣڷ뿪ջһ̿ʼһֱβţΪ¹صԼá
ƺһЩֵķڸӦʲôŮҲüͷ˵ʵҲ㾿ʲôá
˵ʵеڴӦһˡҲ¶һεɫȻƸĸоȷɲ⣬ǰһĻȥʵ̫׵ˡ
ȵٿɡŮҲΣѾû˺ˣȻҲֻܹؿš
ˣֻʶûвõһǵľеԶ̴ϣǿؿһȫķΧ֮ڣ̴˴Ҳװһװ硣
ʱ˴֮󣬻ûнҲΪΣֻϹ޼һۣҲʼ򣬲ûа취ֻѰȥ
ڷһƬ֮ʣһֱĬСΣȴǶȻ˫Բʮе㲻Ѱ
С˵ƶȻͣٶ£ҲǸֳһĨϲô
·ҲɨһܣĽ·ϵˣǸһĸо󲿷ֵķݶʮֵؼª
·ߵˣ󲿷ɫǲ˻֮ɫأǰеĸоǽ뵽һ
ʲôطҲǴ㵵ؿһֻۣʡ
ûв´ĻӦþƶˣÿжôһ䣬Щûжþõļͥס֮Ҫ֪磬Ҳÿ˶ǿߡֻʿһۣҲǽ͵
㲻˵ǸһͻǶطɣϹ޼ҲüͷһܣԲ
Դǵȿӣôֵط
ûʲôܵģֵط˵һ֮Ҳ΢΢һЦСѾѾǲԲʮ֮ڣŲѰĲǾ֤ԡ
ȻҲȷҲҪǰȥѰһ
СѾѰҳ˴µôǿƵˣڴȻҲޱȣֻҪǴȷǴһƬĻôԼ϶ŻѰҵԷ
߰ɣԲʮѣŪûܹǼһƵ˵ͷҲǿʼѰңҵǣϴ۲ǻǵĳҲûע⡣


2716 ҵ
һˣʱֵĺȻˮ֮еƶˣȻ벻ֵطֻµĵóĽۣ´һƬ档
ΪΨû˹עȻҲϲ
ǵĲƺǻҲͣѰܣĪǴֵطţҲһؿһԱߵŮӡ
ŮüɨһܣҲһֲȷһƬ򣬵ҵȷҲûע⵽ѡֵطŵĻȻҲпܵġ
ޣ¶һɫҲǳ˼һ΢΢ţĻͼߣ˵ܹųϵջ񡣡
ʱһˣ˿û¶κβԾģߵͬʱҲϸع۲һвѰռ䷨Ϊһһͬϰ˿ռ䷨ķƣ׵ظܵó
һξ֮󣬷ƶȻͣס˽Ų̧ͷֻЦӦþ⸽ˡ
ţˣֻϹ޼ԣҲ¶һصɫ⸽ĻôǿɾҪһսˡ
ţûҸܵΪĿռȻһֱѹţܹоЦŵ˵ͷҲװƽӣȴǿʼɨܵĻ
ǿǰһԺӣƺеŹ֡Ϲ޼ɴʱȴͻȻص·ֻ˱˳Ϲ޼ָȥ
ڽֽǵһԺӣѰĽûʲôͬͬҲƾޱȣеֵľǣһԺؿһЩˣϵĴţƺķһ
㻹ûԺйŹֻ֡ʵҲ΢΢ر˫Ƭ֮󣬲ЦԺ棬ŲʮϢڡ
ţռ䷨ĲﴫġҲһЦһۣҵ˴
֪¿ǳֻ֣һεȵľʱ顣ֻʺٺһЦҲ¶һɫ
֮Сĵ㣬ߣ϶һǿػôҲʥӼд󡣡ϵЦ𽥵
ֻϹ޼Ҳǵ˵ͷ˱һԺӵķ򣬶˵ľٶȻҲ˵ע⣬ҲѸٵظϡ
ȻйŹ֣⸽ļ˶ǿʼʶעǡһߵʱһ߹۲ԺӸȻǷˣԺӵĸҲһЩװɵڸڡ
һЩСѣкξ¡ֻһЦǲںļˡ
Ȼ˿ҪӽԺӵʱЩڸڵ̲סˣһۣǳڷƵǰǡ
ﲻǸĵط
Ϊ׵һ뺷ĺӣһҲ˾ȻǴۼĴڣһǿ˵һԺӣĲ򵥡
ֻʵ˲û˵΢΢̧ͷӶԷͷųѹҲЦ»ûȥõĵط
֪ɱǣ
̬ȣΪ׵ı뺷ĺҲǲȻŭֱӵ֣ҪɱƵˡ
ȻڵľǷûжðΪغ֮£ֱӵطŵ⼸ˣȻǴ۾ĴڣǶķƶԣּǿߣʵ㲻ʲô
ڷŵ⼸֮ȻƵҲֱӵؿԺӣҲǶʱ˫һ־âȻǽղһĻ
ӦþǴ֮ˣŵĶǴۼĴڣֱʣȴ֮⣬ûܹˡҲǵصȴǿԴ֮иܵһɱ⡣
żǵȵŮ侲࣬һ̣ʾҪ嶯
ţ֪ƵȷҲֶΣѰôöûҵˣȴǱ׵ҵˣò˵ȷ˿͸
Ҳ𽥵侲ǰԷſʵǰҲǲò̾Լôö飬ڷƵУȴ׵سɹˡ
ô˵ĻҲǳɹˡŮ΢΢һЦ뵽һƵԼǰҲǸһĨŭһ


2717 ټ
β棬ȻǲʱȴѾԺӵǰ΢΢һЦ֪Ѿ֪ǵĵˡ
ǿ㣬Ҳûа취ˡ΢΢ҡҡͷҲ͵һֱ߳ӵ˴֮ϣ˺һ졣
ԭưܵԺӴžѾʧˣסôһţźһ죬űǻķѵľмڿеɳȥ
ڴűƵһ˲䣬ҲǶȻشƷƵȼ˹شſ˽ȥҲǷһ˽ֳУһ׺ݵɫǡ
ۣʣĶʥ۷С㡣ֻ΢΢ؿһۣǽǰһȺΪ˳ҲҡҡͷѹִҪȵطߣҲûʲôõóֵ
Ҫ̣ѡƶõѡΪһǱˣǳܹʰˡ
Ƕ˭Ȼôլ
һȺҲغȵǷǰɢϢΪ£еۼĴڣҲǼѹƵô
ҵĲǣôɣ˷ʱ䡣·Ҳ΢΢̧ͷɨӶһǸֳһֿ־壡
㡭˭
ȻȻǲϴʵϣΪɵһЩΧҲǲʲôݡ
޼ɣȺ˽ǰɡֻҲһЦϹ޼ɵļЦ
ҿȺСϺҲҪСү֣ҪҪôϹ޼ɷ˷ۣеֻʡ
ٺ٣ȥѰһ£һǸëûˣǿզ죿ֻҲЦŵŷһۣ˵ӰʱǱҪٶ֮ڣԺӡ
ϣסǣ
һȺȻҲǲؿŷΪΪҲҧֱӵУҪֻʡ
ȻʱϹ޼ȴһԸվһȺ˵ܣǵĶСүң
ЩսȻ᲻ȤֻҲֱӵԾԺҪѰһȻʱһϢȻر
Ϣĳ֣õֻŷƶΪ֮ͣһһۣ¶Цݡ
ȻЦŵѾûбҪٽѰˣΪѾ̲סˡ
Ƭ֮һֺسԺ棬õ÷ƺֻʶɫࡣ
СǣȻܹҵ
ռ仺ŤţһӰ𽥵سֶȻʣ
ٺ٣ҲǴһֺ̣ȻطţأҲɡƿʳ֣ȻҲǲԾΪͲ뵽ڴߣȻǿػ
ϴһ£Ȼӹһ٣Ҳʵǿϧˡʵؿһ۷ֻʣʱԼòȴֱܹӵظӦǰˣȷǷ
ΪҲֻзƣֿѰҵڷ֪ĴڣҲΪܵ⣬ǵ٣Ҳǰٷְء
ϼһ㻹˵£һûءֻһЦ¶һ񣬿ʵϴξǰûȫһҵҪһ
ԱĴۿĿǴȻǲǰʣȻΪ˿ǲûȤֻʵĶ֡
ڹҲǿͶôһЦҲ¶һЦЦɫ
ĹƨƣΪ㵽ܹѹң
ڷ˵仰ͬʱȻϣǰͲסˣֱӵŭƬ֮󣬴ȻҲǳԱߡ
ֻʿƳˣҲ̲סЦⴺǸʲô˰ƾôһ仰ǰƳˣʱԱߵҲ¶һεɫ
Ȼⴺе׾ƣôһ仰Զˡ
ҵҪ㻹ʲôУҴ۾ܹ޼ƿʩѾˣҪ㻹ҳʲôֶΡҲ΢΢һЦȻǲηһ㡣
ɫǼ࣬Ƶһ仰Ǵʹţڻ̶һĻĳ裡ԼһĴڣȻǱ˵ѹƣ
ǾɣոսѣȻţֱ֪ҲǶݺݵص


2718 
ʱ򣬴Ѿŭˣķƣﲻһ϶ѣǵŴıӣôŽǰԼҫĻ᣿
ǴȴˣķƣǴ۾ΪܣȻѾͻƵҲͬһ磬еĲѾǿԺԲˣΪƼ֮ͬ޵еĴڣ
Ϊõóֵľǿռ䷨Ȼռ䷨򣬷ͬУҷƻʱ䷨ʱ䷨˵ڿռ䷨֮ϣ
ƾ˵ƾܹ˾Եѹƣ˵ʵΪ޶ĵز֮¡
ٺ٣СӾͽˣʡֻʵҲһЦ֪ŴƺһЩڣҲǲֱ֣ӵʡ
šƽص˵ͷȴѾ𽥵ųЩɱ⣬ֱŴ˵Ҫд
Աߣȴüͷκ˶ķƳɳٶȣԶԶس˵Ԥϣ㴺ͨԼֶΣڵҲδǷƵĶ֡
ţӲµһ仰ǾֱֻӣȻϲ˵ᴺǲòϣԼһεΣǻס
ԣʱӸΪŤݺݵصһʣ˲ԼеһڶȥͲŷܹʲôֶͨΣ
ʱ䷨ȷڿռ䷨֮ϣΣҪ֪ʱ䷨ܹ֮ѹԼΪԶȷƸΪԶ
ڴʱԺ棬ȻҲע⵽˴ĳ֣Ҳǲ˺˪֮ɫ֮Լɱ⸡ֶƺ̲סҪ֡
ȻʱԱߵŮȴٶסʾⲻҪ嶯
ڻɹƣʱֵĻΪ³ŮӵصΪɹƵˣȻʡ
ʱ̳ڳеĻɾͻܵʵҪЮǻƵ˴һЩ鷳һĻ˵ǽԼˣǻᵼ·Ƶļƻǽǵرƻ
ţȻҲǾһ亹Ů˵ûʱڱɹƣԲ׵س֣ȻʾǿͨԼڵɹƵԼʱ˲ɣȴǵ¡
ģǾٵȵȣһ档ҲҧȻҪȳԼãǰҲûа취ֻټȥ
ʱԺ֮УϹ޼ذǰһȺµ˸ˣҲƳһۣ¶ˬɫĶ뻹ܹһᣬԼǰЩʵǲ¾ͽˡ
ҲûзֻߣΪֻԸʣΪ֯ĳ֮һǲһܹɾĴڣ
ֻΪǲҲк쳾Ҫֻʣеǿ׼ţһֻʳֲ֮״ܹѸٵ֧Ԯȥ
ʱҲǲȻķŭҲʱķƲ׶Ըϴڻ̶ƾʱ䷨ѹԼԷѾͻƵػŸİԸԼ
Ҳһ˫ֵӡȻ֮£ü֮Ǹһӡǣڿռ䷨򴫳еıԴ
öӡǵĸ֣ڵҲѵһ㣬ѸٵرһּΪµĸо
˫һֵĽɫܿռ䶼ǻسֳһŤļէۿȥ޾Ŀռ֮С
ٺ٣һУȴ˿ռ䷨֮⣬ûжˡƼ״ҲһЦֶΣ̶ȷԷƾڵӡ⿪ʱԻ÷ǳ޴
һΣȴ˿壬Ϊȴ˿ռ䷨ʱ䷨֮⣬ӵпĿǰ˵һǴ˿ܹ
Ѿ÷㹻İȥսʶڲ֮أ˵Ǵˣ
ֻǣ⿪Ƿܹɹ⻹ÿԵΪҲûаܹʱҲûнȴ֮⣬ֶΣôͷ۲ˡ
ˣ
ƻԼƣҲһɫâǻһ㻺سֶǿµ¶ȣεǴնںһռ


2719 
ŷеľɫ֣ڳĿ֪һļµȣһЦһţ˱ֱӵʧԭ
ռ䷨
Ǽ䣬ƾǿԽŴ֮ľ룬һȵľɫâȻƿնݺݵ˴֮ϣ
ռ䲻ϵسֳƬ֮ǵ˺˿ռ䣬¶ЩɫѺۣ˶ÿռ䷨ڶԾļ
ûκ⣬Ƶһֹˣȵľɫ棬Щľ룬˴壬ûл෴Ѿǿʼ˷
ԼһգȻҲԤ֮УԷͬʮֵؾͨռ䷨ҪֱӵжԷʵΪѣ´ҲǼʧԭ
üͷ΢΢һ޵Ŀռ֮УȻر˺ѳһһεľƿϮ
ƳһۣݺݵһӣɫЯڶٶȺݺݵس˹ȥɫ֮У̺ĻǴǵϵƻ֮ػһ¿ռ䣬õܵĿռǼ飬¶˺ޡ
⼸գ֮䣬ȴѾǽ˽غϣҴھƣͬͨռ䷨ˣҪԷ½ǶΪѡ
ƾȻ˵ؾͨռ䷨򣿣
ԶǵµĿռ䷨򲨶Ҳ̲סʧɫԱߵŮӣȻҲܹ׵زݿռ䷨
˵ʦͬţǵʦһյػ˲ȱĿռ䷨취ӶиǣԭΪݵĿռ䷨ѾǺ˲ãǵǰĴǷƣԶԶسĵز
֮ʥӣܵǿռ䴫Уܹӵȿռ䷨Ϊ棬Ҳ̫ˣȻܹӵ˿ѷɫͬȷ֮ŮƺҲʮֵ𾪣еԽǰһĻ
ǶƵ˽⣬̫ˣܹƿպܹƿصʱ䷨߷ּµȻһ˶ƿءҡҡͷһЩڷƵ鱨չԼַ̫ǵˡ
մţа֮ԴɣΪĳִУһռ䷨һʱ䷨򡣡ŮӻؿڵԵɺ֮£طõʱ䷨ţΨɲܹƿʱ󡣡
ȻҲǴӺĴС
ʱͿռ䣬ߺ϶Ϊһǲһֺεȵռе𾪲ѣʵ̫ˡ
˭ҲƣܹΪȻãѣҲǧܳΪˡŮ̾ϢһվԼθ߿ƣͷȴǺݺݵرһ
ϧˣ֮ˣվ޷ɾѾļˡ̳ĬƬ֮Ҳǻص֮Ĺ򣬳ȴ֮ˣ½ĸ޷ͻƳɾ
Ҳ˵۷ƶôӵиµҲǲǴ̫вΪ޷վ۷塣
Ůҡҡͷȴû˵ĸиŲѣһӵ༫µʲôģҪ֪ǧܹ꣬ɾʹۣĽշȴˣ˭ܸҶ϶޷ٴδ䣬ɾͰ½ĵһλ
˸Ծ֮ʣԺսǽ˰ȻĽ׶Σֻһߣò˵ҲǷǳؿ£Ȼܹƾеĺ쳾ʿö°ܡ
ռ֮УâĴţֻضеĺ쳾ͷųϵĽ⣬콣֮У˵ӰƮޱȣ׽
ʣϸ۲죬Է֣ӿʼƺһδ뿪վڵĵطµĽĴɣʵֶΣֻһ֣ԲӦ䣡
һĻ֮УȴƽֻʵĽΪʲûκ¶ֻʸ޴ֻ֣ǲϵʩչԼĽ⣬ͼӰ쵽ʡ
ʣҲĬĬѰһᣬֶֻ֣Ҫô֣һ֣һȻԼ鷳
ִֻڣһ෴ǸĻᣬֻʵĹƾͻһ㣬಻ҲûжİӲֻʵĹԱ߻һϹ޼ɣ
ɲŲŹƽսһԼ¶ֵĽֻһˣǻϹ޼ɣһˣҲΪͷۡ


2720 
Ժ֮УȴĴĽڱ޴ڵ¶ȣɫâڵţĻ޿ײĿռ䷨֮
ŴѾŰʱˣȻʱ棬ȴ𽥵·磬Ϊֶ̫һΨſռ䷨
෴ǲһˣѾ𽥵ƿսĽ࣬ǿռ䷨ʱ䷨ҲȻصĶõôʮֵر
ڶԿĹ֮УҲǲϵسſĴϧûһܹɹϾս֮Уֳܷ̫ȥ
ڳһ֮󣬷ҲǷִҪͷӶǱУһƬȫעͶһεս֮С
ⲻ֪ΪˣƵԼظֳһĨ¶רս֮£ȻԼԴף
Լڵı仯ƵɫҲһϲǿԼԺ侲ͼȥ⿪֮£ȫעŴ֡
ʱ𽥵¶˳״̬ڷưٰ㻨ĹֶΣеԲƫƫԷƿܹѹƿռ䷨ʱ䷨
˫΢΢ãܹȥΪһ־ˣôһսͻ𽥵رƿؽ࣬Լһֻܷزֵܻ״̬֮С
һǳô뱻ҲԶˣ
ĸĴôܹһĻԵҲ뾡һеİ취ڻͼֽ֣Լٶ°սĽ࣡
߾
ŭһ˫֮ҲǱһ۵Ľɫâֲ֮еһ㣬˼޷ֱӣһӵͻȻ仯÷еϲ
ǰһƬ貵Ľɫâʶذһǲһ磡
ŸղŷƵһ˲ʧ񣬱˷Ƶıһǿֳ֮УһѽĶ̽
֮̽ϱ鲼ֵķģ΢΢ɢһͲѰ֮
ȻôһµֵĻ·ƲҲˣ֮䣬ںһ˲Ĳ࣬ղŴСֶΣõ÷΢΢ʧ񣬷ץס˻֡
Ҫ֯Ѿˣ·ͷһӲһֲ˼ĽǶŤһ£ܿǶ̽Ҫ
ۣ
̽û巢ò˵һ·ȷŲЧеذףҲǷȻǿƵƵ
ǿֱ۴Ĵʹŭһղһ˲䣬һѶ̽ԭҪ࣬ȴǱӲرܿˣմ̵ֱۣ
֮£жȻغһ֮ڵ鶸ȻתһҲǴӷƵڴݶ
һ֣ͬԶʵɫ䣬Ժ֮Ҳ𾪲ѣ
Ȼǿ᣿
ơȻܹȳ̶ȵ
£Ҳо㵲ϣٴη֣Լô߹ƣǵͷƻܹǴһЩϲľ㵡
統ǿ֮õǲһļµĲҪ֪ҲĴڣȲʵǷ˼
ʴʱŲ̬Ǵ÷ƵĿǿᲨҲһʶԼĽŲȴ֪һͬҲ¶
Ա͵ȴѾõֻʣһĨâֱض쳾һ磬ʣȻ£˵Ľһ˲ۣڵȴһӵı
·Ϲ޼Ҳǲ׽ᣬ͵ضŵ棬ͬڵһس˵棬һ޴ĳǳС
ĿȻʣ
ֻϹ޼ˣȻһ˲˳ֵĬҪɱʣ
û˴һʼûдʵôҲһαĳǿߣֻʼԴҲΪԼԵʣһĻǿԵġ
Ϲ޼һֱûж֣ȴŲᶯ֣Ƿȱֻһʺϵʱѡ
Ȼʱһ̣ǳˣڵǿ˵ʵ˵Ҳ𾪲ѣҲǼʶȻҲûб¶̫Ĳ죬ǺĬس¶Ӷֱӵض֣
һΣǷҪɱʣͬҪһɱʣ


2721 ش
Ӳرеһ֮̽󣬾Ȼͬһʱ䴥˿Ҳ֪ǲãǷȴظܵˣһλᣡ
һܹѴشǻɱ
ңƱܵӰģʣ֮֮£Ѿ¶ЩʧֻϹ޼ɵץסһλᣬ뷢ѣ
䣡
һ춸Ȼرľ˹ȴһ˲ɫâǻһ㣬Ǽɢ
µ˲ϯȫˮǣһεĹƱֵǰδеǿƣſ˵ǿһˡ
ңһεĹķΧϯʵϣõܵѹĴ
ûκεĳɣʵӰ̵˺һξ룬ֻϹ޼ɵ֣ѾΪеˣҪȥԷƵನеģ
һе¡
˺֮˫Ҳ΢΢ذУղŷƵһļ²ѣȻһ˿Աֱе˷˼
һ£´Ҳǻһ˵³
ʱԺ֮⣬Ů˼ǵɴԼ˫ۣһԺ䣬ڷ˰֮£ΪƽأҲޱȡ
ģǼһԲֹ
þ̲֮ǻعµؿһĻղŵһƬɫɢͬΪ֮𾪣ǻȥǵȿµ³Բȴõõȥ
ӹȻǿ£ôµһŮҲ¶֮ɫ
֪һʵص̫ˡҲǿյüͷһҲǿԳ׵ذƱֳԽǿôԽġ
֮аǽ⿪ڵɹƣҲ˵˵ѡŮͣһ£Ҳص룬ա
ڵɹΣǵνҪǣҵܱܲȳȴǻ˻֣ںԼɹƻΣĵǱٳߵá
°ɣ¿ٳ֣ԣô뿪ˮǡŮҲ΢΢һ˫֮ҲһĨɫ
̵˵ͷΪǴлĻƱزӲܣô˵ҪôһЩصĴۣ
ʱɷǵȿµľɫ棬Ѿ𽥵ʧˣƻվڰ֮УɫƽؿܵһУȴ΢΢һüͷ
ղһȻܿ£ʶǲһʲôܾﲻԾһ
ʱҲ˫΢УɨӶܣҪѴѰҶϾղһεĹԼﲢûжİܹɻɱ
֮ʥӣûе㱣ֶΣŲš
Ƭ֮ڷǰԶĿռ䶸ȻظЩһǱӰҲǻسֶȻǴ
ֻʱĴȴû˷ŵǵţʱѾȫѣӶǸѪۣһͷڷǺҵɢš
ڳ֮󣬲ϵشŴһ˼ŷƣƺ޷һʵķƣȻӵбҪǿ
ôܡ
૵صƺ޷ܣȻ֮ҲǱ׺ü֮ȥӡǣȴǶȻٴα貵â
Բܣ㲻һ϶ѣȻ棡
ŭһ˫ȻسһֽɫڣٶǱһɼΪǿƺǻҪսȥ
ߣ
ǣʴʱȴҲûаˣȥĻ˵ǴѱǲɣԷŻɱ
һֻԼϹ޼ɶͷ۲ѣټһƵĻҲûκεİܹ˶ֲܣ
ߣԲԣҪɱһ
ʱѾŭˣеԽԼǷƵĶ֣Ҳûʵֱӵرǳ̶һ蹷һ㡣
һĻƵûϣ󣬷Ҳҡҡͷʾֻʵ˲Ҫ֣Ȼ㲻֪ôҲǷǳ⣬ô֪ʲôʹࡣ
ո߰ĴȴҪһеֻܣ飬ǱɱҪܡ


2722 
嶯ѾʧȥǵĴҲûа취ȻѾ߻ħˣʱ򣬻һ˶ѡˡ
ˣȻбҺȻһ˵ټƺһֱ˹עţʱ˳ֵĻ¶Ƕԣӵز
Ǵĳ嶯ȷʱ䣬ٲߵĻǾҲûлˣ
һֺɸֵŴûа취üͷҲҪǰΣñסôҲɵʥӣ
ʶ֣ȻֻԼϹ޼ȻҲԹۣһۣҲ˲ζһΣǳʵǰסȥ·
ǰĶ֣ǡ
ֻʵصǹһĨЦ⣬ȷǶԸΪ˵ĻҲûлɱİգֻҪǣǿߣ齻ƣǾͿˡ
ǰҲԶ٣ϾϹ޼ɻ˻е޽ҲһЦ˵仰ʱȫûиоԼǶһΪ١
˵һһͣüͷɫޱȣ˳ԼǰȷǸԼ಻㣬ȥľǴˡ
ͬ蹷һĴûκη壬ʩչһοûаӰ죬෴ӲسһοȻѾ˲ٵĴˡ
ȻûԼԤ֮еǰˣҲ㹻ˣϾôҲһЩֶΡ
ԼѰֲñˣ·ҲһЦ˿壬һγֱ֣ӵһ֣һ˵ľɫâȻش֮бһһ㣬ݺݵسǴϣ
ľɫâƻ棬ӵо˵¶ȣµǻ̺Ǵּµƻ֮޷شǰ֮£ȻǸûа취⣬ܣ
飡
ûκ⣬嶸Ȼһαݺݵػɣһɫڰ֮кХȻҪֱȡ
ȻʱȴǶȻسˣһͷ˵ʧԶֱӵسֻʵߣһ
䣡
Ƶһ߽˹ƣȻر˵âƮɢڰ֮С
ϧˡ
ƻصȷղһ»дĻܹɻɱϾĴѾʧȥκһмսֶΣֻͬһ蹷һ㣬Լʧܡ
ϼһ̫ƻˣȻܹˡϹ޼Ҳһزˬղ˲ûܹɹʣȻĻͲ贺Ļᣡ
ֿɣǰҿڴϣԲҪ
ʱҲǻغɨӶ˵Ĵϣ֮ҲǱŷɱ⣡
ʳĬ㿴ŷƣȴǸиŶǵһ֮ʣǸ۾ĴڣȻҲһЩСֶΣϷˣԼˣջǵİæǴӴӵ
Ȼ˽ʱգ֪Ѿܹվͬ߶ȵľ֮ϣܹԼ˵ʵи̾֡
òϣķƣȷ˵ǻʸ˵ƾղһӱʾ֪ԼҲԶԸơ
Ҳǲǰʻվ˵ĴŵҲǵЦСȻûпˣǿ̫ˡ
ʵĳޣûκα仯غһ֮˫Ҳ΢΢һ£ȻǰҪִ˵ĻҵҲǶˣ
ԱߵֻϹ޼ǵһ仰ǲǷƣ֪࣬ȴǼǵãڻ̶һǳɹذߵǵϡ
ȻʱһӰȻػ˿ռ䣬ٶ֮죬ʶûзӦ
ȻɱǾ֣
һȻشգҲ𾪲ѣȻˣȻ֮£ҲʶؿǰһҪżҪֶԸˡ
Ȼȴ赲סһӰȴһٻӰٶһּٶ˸ĿͬǴ
ͲסˣֱӵҵᣬʵųֻɱļƻȥƺǳɹˣʱŮƭˣֵˣẠ̊́
Ƶһ㶣ҲǷӦ˹


2723 
̾Ȼһֱβǣ
ʵϣͬǰûκβԾԭԼ󣬻̵ȼˣҲҡҡͷЦѡ
ǴˣȻǱ̸ţΪµǣǾȻûκβ
ŮӺɫӰͬʱ̵֣ȴֱӵõô帡һĨ֮⡣
֮£޷ܣҲŵһϢ̧ͷӳֻһ˫ӣ
ʱʸ޷̵ɱ
꣡
̵֮бһâֱӵû˴֮Уֱӵعᴩ˴壬һѪǴӴڱ
׶Ȼ¶һ˼ɫû뵽Լ³㣬ŻΪԼڷƵУȴû뵽̵У
㡭
׶Ȼؿʼ𽥵ʧȥâƺڵڲϵţһˣҲ죡
ǣ̸ղһâƺһֶصİʷӦ˹ҪסƣǷ֣ôûа취
ʦŵİ˵ˣҲδа취Ծȵ̴ʱԼ֣ӰҲǶȻرˣһξ룬ҲǹһЦ
ڴͬҲűɱ֮ģϾٳãһɹƣԴв̣
£һĻķƵҲһӳĬһۣҲû˵ʲôǰһĻеǵϡ
ۿŴҪˣޱ飬ڴ̵ĸղŵĳ֣ôҲ뾡һа취ֵģΣǲõô뿪
ס
ʱҲ¶һɫû뵽ȻԵֵطǲܹط£ȻĻûа취˽н
ɵʥӣĸף֯һϣλϲ٣һˣôҲǸŵù
ûõģ˶ŰƬ̣ҲǸ˿ɾȣЦͬʱҲǶȻزһɡ
ɹƣ
ڵɹƣɶļ󣡵Ǵɹƣ˴ôȻҲûа취ٽвҴˣŵǣڵɹҲǸʧ
ҲΪ̷ҪðնŴһΪĲһΪԼڵɹơ
ʱ˫֮еʶϵɢʶѪҲԽԽ࣬޷ֻؿŴ
˶Ǳ侲֪ԼѾûа취´ˣĴֻǵһǳ顣
ȻɱôҲɣ
ʶȻŭһǼ䣬ڵϢֱӵرϯһƬռ䣬̣
ˣҪһᣡȻԼô˭ɱģǾ˭ᣡ
һ㣬Ļû˳е飬ùվԼ෴ܹ»ɱ֣ԶԣŴҪԸҲûжİ취
ԣҪס̣
ϼһ㻹ҳ֣
̵ɫҲǱɲһˣһģһŮӣΪ˿Լ
ִ⶯֣δܹ֮޼ɵڸֻʷƵ˵ĴڣΣ̶ǲţƵ˻Թۣ
ˣ뷨˿η壬ԵΪǰֻ̤𾳣λĴڣʸǲܲɵ
Ҫ֣
£Ҳ۵ɨһƵˣɵüͷ
ǰҵѣȻǲԹۡƻؿڵʣ޶ԹޣȻԷڻ̶ԼһƺŴϵƾһ㣬ƲʮֵΪС
ˣһѹֻʴʱҲʱǻ˹ԭҪһƵˣȴû뵽շǱƺݺݵһѣҴ˴ȥԼ
Ҫңҽƾͼƣ޿ɺǣֻ˵иѡȴʼ򣬲ûж


2724 Ԯ
Ľ棬ȻǲΪǷŹԼŴ֮䣬ձȻҪһƾͼƵĻôĽԼ
ûԷƲԼǰĶԹ߻Ϊһ飬
ˣǽǸӵ鷳Ҳصݲһ㣬ĸҲĴȻҲӵһĸƱػǴ
ʱ򣬱˵ֻʣǷƣƱ壬Ҳɵŭ
ڵ鷳ô
ҲҡҡͷЦȻ֮䣬Ҳûе͵ĿܣôΪλҪη鷳أ
仰˵ûĵǣԼ᲻ܵǣһΣͷսɸϾӦԼػһԯͷҲ˵ɸҶֵĻܵ׷ɱ
û˸ػһҲǲУ
Ե·ҲǲԼ鷳ԼŰܹɣǲõǷǣС
ʱƿȻشŵΪϢֱӵһƬ򣬵·Ƶɫ΢΢һ䣡
ЩϢǲֲ֮ϣһּ࣡
ˮǻǿߣ·Ҳ΢΢ƫͷһʵ
ⲻˮǵǿߣˮûȿµĴڡҲüͷ¶һֽɫˮǵǿߣôֻһͣԷɵˣ
Ƭ֮۵ӰȻؽʵߣһŮÿϵ۷ǴֵĴ壬Ȼǿ֪ˡ
ɵԮ
Էڳ֮󣬵µһ۱ǿ˴ʱ״̬˵ɫǾ䣡
ʣô£
Ϣ
־ŭȻ״̬˵ǼΪ𾪡
һ㣬޷ֵʴʱҡҡͷ֪ôͣһػڴߣӦǲ飬ƫƫˡ
ģ˭֣
ץסɱ
һʱ֮䣬ǿҲŭһ󣬵ǿҲѲ˸ϵǵ֧ԮһĻ¾Ͳֽˡ
Ůӣ֣һǷƣһֻʣҲغһƺǳתԼ߶ԼǿߣֵĻδزûһս֮
ƣֻʣ
£Ҳһۣ¶֮ɫȻĻôڳ⼸ˣֻҪǰѷƸȥ㹻ˡ
ʱƵһۣҲǲʧ̬УԷһλԮΪǲʣһĻǿɾûκˣ˵ƣ
ҪĻ³˷֮⣬˶û̫İܹԸһ
Ȼʱȴǵؿڵǣ;ԲʱⴺᶼǸ
˵ʲô
˫һƺ̵仰֮УһЩ˼Ҫȣ
еǰƲԭȥǰͻ߽꣬ڰʱ֮ڣû𼶱Ĵڳסƣɾˡ
ҲЦǲ˵סԷĻһ߽ûκεʤ㣡
⻰ɵ棿
ʵŭȵû뵽黹ת仰Ļôǵʱ»ĲˣЩ˵飬ҲûдҪ
Ų㣬ҪֵĻҲδη壬ΣǸԺɡ̵صͷ·˵һ²ؼ顣
£ʵ˱һ־֮Уǲ취ȴĻôͱܲܶԸƵˣҲһδ֪
ңܹܻԷǱȻҲǸΪصĴۣ
ʵһۣǵóһǿɲôЦҪ֪һˣôҲܵ鷳
ðֻܻʵˣǰǰĴߣһĻŻᣬϾƵˣûа취ܻ´λлᡣ
һˣɾûеڶλˣ
ˣ´ΣǲŹǣ£Ҳһص༸һۣæŴ뿪


2725 Χ
Ŀʵ˵ȥһһۣҲһҿˣȻֵĻԿĿɾˡ
ȻһζԷȻٶȳλԮõ÷Ƶ˲⣬ɵĵ̹޷ȥ־ĴڣȻҲǿҳü
£Ҳܹ֮֯ͷԭ
ǾȻǸٹֶΣҶûвƴʱҲǽ̵ϣƺΪãϾԷ٣˭ﶼе㲻ˬ
⣬ҲΪѰҵöѡȴЦҲԺѰһһңԼãȻǻԹȥˡ
Ĵиʲô⣬ú̵±ԼԹȥãҲص
ƵһۣҲɻʵˣ˵Ĵоȣ
ղһĻ˶ǿǵ֮£Ȼеþȣе㳬˳
ǸϵüĻҵ𼶱ĴΪƣȷܹȻҲǵ˵ͷҲǸһĨЦɫȻҲС
ţղŶԴʲôֽôҲΪصȻҪ𼶱Ĵڳ֣ܹʣ̲һ˿򵥡
ҷõһѶ̽һֻһΣȴǶĪ˺Ҳʼ㴺ǱȹȻҪ׵ػָ۷״̬Ǽǲܵ顣
һҲǻֹһ磬޷
̵ĻڷԼֻʵȼ˵ͷ֮𣬵ҲõкȻСŮҲ֪֮£ֶ̱Ρ
룬ڴݵ˵Ϊ޷аչ¶ĴҲĴֱֹ̫ʹˡ
ΪҪǣĻʥӵλпܻᱻҡǾԲһʥ޷ͻƣͣԭշƵĿɺпܾǻʥӣ
ʥӣôҲʹŴڵĿռ䷨򽫻Ǳû˿ռ䷨Ĵûܹ÷Ʒڡ
˵̵һֶΣǽ׸ˣ
ʱɣǰҵôȥԺһǵŰݷǡ̳˼һ£¶ԣΪҪǿԿȥ
ֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷû˵ʲôһˮǵ飬Ҳǽˣɹؽƾͼƣ߽Ըǵı
̱ǾֱȥˣͷβԱߵһŮҲûпڣݣҲûȥ׷ʣ̵ƺǲ򵥡
ֻʣ̵ıôƴʱ΢΢ƫͷһֻʡ
̾ȻͬҲܹӵпռ䷨򣬶һԵһŮӣƺʦͬţǷ磬ƿؿռ䷨𣬲ûм
ԣ·ƶʱҲǶ̵ıеȤˡ
Ҫ˽ĻҪʱ䣬Ȼϯӣǲĺı߲̫ںֻҡҡͷҲǱʾ
̾ǱϿ򵥡ҡҡͷҲɨһܣûʲôֵ飬ҲתǸͳЩô
һѾǱˣĻӦǰʣһЩϾͳҲ֯ˣĿǰ˫սڼ䣬Щ˱ϳ͡
ȵŰɣҲ϶ź֣ܹȳ֮λ˼ҲǲȥֻһЦǾЩ鲻ġ
ţǾͻȥɣ̵ĵŰݷáҲǹһЦһ˱Ǿֱ뿪طص˿ջ֮С
ֻͬһ㣬̵ȷź֣βƵ֮ʣǰڸͳĸۡţߵѾǽҲǷֱӵűѵ壬øͳ죡
Ÿͳйˣһǲ뿪ˮǣֻϧǣ÷ͳ츮֮ۡʣȴǷָͳ챾ǰ뿪ط
ˣ̵£ֻǿ˸ͳһɼҲûжļֵ
ҲϵУͳȻŹᣬôһ¶ˣԷ϶Ҳܹǰ֪Ǹͳûܣ˳֣˸˿


2726 Űݷ
ȻڷƵ˻ص˿ջ֮УƬ̣ȴǹһˣôѸٵصƵҲǸеΪ⡣
ǹȥ˶ãŰʱ̾Ǹ
ƺʲô⣿΢΢һЦֻһۣҲЦŵ̵ɫƺһǳ˵ոһԼãӦ¶ɫ
ȷ
Ҳ̾һҲɫͳǱߣѾǰ֪˷û
ֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷ֮С
˵ɣʲô⣿·ҲҡҡͷΪһ£̵ҲԵŰݷá
ҵɹơ
̧̻ͷ˷Ƶϣ˴ɹƣһǿߵɹƣ޷⿪
ɹƣ
£Ҳһ㶣ֻʵɫ࣬µɹƣµ𼶱Ĵڣܹ⿪
Ҳǵ˵ͷǿХ˽⿪ɹƵḶ́ˣҪķѵҲΪ޴һ£⿪ɹƣҲΪ
һµɹƣҪ⿪ȻҪ𼶱ĴڣȻֻ̣ʵˣ𣬸Ϊ
˼ǣƳһ£Ҳʵ
ʦ˵а취Խ⿪
£Ҳ˫ֱŷƣͻȻؿڵ
ң
仰һ˵ǷˣֻʺϹ޼ɶһ£ǰ˷ƵϣʲôЦҪ𼶱Ĵڣܹ飬ʱȴ˵ƿ
¶˿ЦõɫҲӺԵǲŪˣҳҲǸǵΪ࣬ҽ⿪ɹƣҲûǸ
ʦ˵а취ǾͿ϶а취ȴһִصҲǸһĨɫ
һʱ֮ǳĬˣԿó̶ÿǷǳؿأȻҲ̬߰ȣҲǵͷơ
ɣƾԣŪãҲûа취ϾҲ𼶱ĴڡʱֻҲǳԲüȻ̶˵ˣóȻؾܾ²̫á
ţҾԡʼ򣬼ȻԷô˵ˣô̵ʦ㣬ҲһŮӿǿ˵ʲôĻҲ˵
ڿƵͷӦ֮ҲЦЦһ
ȻĻ¾͸һȥܲܽ⿪ڵɹơҲǵ
ţԣ˵ɹƣڵɹƣƺûȫ⿪ɡƵ˵ͷҲͻȻصǵã̿˵ڵɹƣǴµġ
£һûĻôڵɹƣһȷء
Ӧûжϵɡ÷ô˵Ҳǳһ£ûаȫ̫࣬ͬҲӵɹƵĴڣֻǴ¡
ԴӴԼش֮ڵɹƣҲǳȥѹûа㶯ΪԼڵɹѾʧˡ
̣ɣ޷ڵɹƣҿȥҸ׳ְæʱֻԱҲǳ
ҪʲôôҲɵӣûѵͣŷƲһ㣬ƳְæΪƲκˣԵǷһ顣
һֻʳֵĻô͵ԼǷһ飡һһ顣
壬ΪĳӣαΪһϯӵݶˮǡֻе̿Ǵò
̣һ֮ȻǲɹһôȻǿܹΪǵһӣһҪλĳְ֮
ֻʵⷬ˳ĬֻʵҪ󣬲ûгϣХԳְæԼǣҲǳԿ
ϾôҲ𼶱ĴڣֻҪԼôһҪ󣬵ȷݡ
ãҴӦ㣡
ȻһŮӣȴʮֹϣУÿ̫أƵȷûڵɹƣô󣬱ȻҪХԳְæ
ǰһֱΪǵĺΪ뵽Щ֮УȻͷѾǺսԼ˵ɽ˳Թ
ƾһϯŵӵݣûжãΨسΪǵĺܹԼṩ㹻İȫ
ͬԼòٴܵһر˽ٳ֡


2727 
һ֮Ҳõ÷Ƶֱӵظص֮ڣҪؽڵɹơ
ƶҲǴӦˣûбŶϣȻ̵ʦ㣬ҲǸŮӣΪ϶Լа취
ǣؼǣɹƿµ𼶱Ĵڲܹ⿪ƾǶԼģҲԴΪԼܹ顣
żֻһҲǸ̻ȥУһ·ϣǿԵɼ䱸ɭϵĻڲϵߣȻΪͳ֮£õˮǶǱ˽š
ֻϧǸͳߵˣȻĻҲܹܲڳĴˡ·̾һʯеϧ
ûõģ֯Ĺ˵ʵ֪ˣҲûа취ֻҡҡͷ𣬺ε֮ͷͬҲһһĳǿߡ
ţ֪ҲΪȣǰʦǰȥ͵֮ʣȴûͷֻ֪ڸͳı֯һ
ôʦһδɱˣǹͽܡ΢΢һЦҲǽ͵
ԭˣѾˮǡҲʼҲ֪ǷƵ˵Ĵڣʦʧ֡
Ҳܹǣˣ˵ǸС鷳ЦŵҵҲǲ֪Ůǵѡ
̲źۼص˵ͷʱѾǻص˳֮УûκεĿףֱӵشߵ˳ɭϵһط
Ȼ˵ǸͳѾˣһǵ黹ٴη˵ǳΪɭϵġ̿ŷƵȼ˵ĲɫҲǽ͵
סƵ˵ͷҲɻصѵûаΪô
˵˵زôȻҲǲȥôûаΪأ
⣬С޷һҵʦҲ޷Ūô£һûʲôͬѹǰΪûУȻĻҲ׵ر˽ٳֶߡ̿Цһ
ˡҶһ䣬ʦǣֻԱҲ¶һȤɫͻȻض̵ʦŸȤܹ̣ǸŮΪͽܣʦͷҲȥ
ܹ£ִڼ壬ǿɶ˵һ
ͱʦע⡣
ǲ²ⲻֻʵ˼Цһʦɽֶ꣬Ҳǲر¶֡
ֻΪεһЦҲǺٺЦû£Ҿʡ
ֻеС̣ڳǲһЦ֮ұֻʾֻͷѣǵȼĴڣö
󣬽˷֮УҲǿһصŮӣʱһŮҲĺɫɴһ֮ò˵˿زѷɫ̡
ˣ
̻Ҳǵ˵ͷֻǺȻٶȾǰѷƵ˸˹
ǽһ£ҵʦ㣬ҲǸƵ˽ܵҲǴҾǲö˵ˡ
Ĭ֣ҲãҲΪ֣һһָ߹޵ĸо
ãǷơ
£Ҳ죬ΪεԼƣûǣڸͳ֮ʣ˹ڼɽ棬ԼֿһЩĵط
ȻҲǲǣɫǣֻǰһۣû˵
ֻ̬ʵ˾Ϊ֣Ҳûм׷ʣܿ⡣
Ҳ֪Ϊ¡صƳһ۷ƣָŻڴϵŮӵɹƣɹڲϵڵ
ҪҪ⿪ڵɹơ
ô֪ʼҲǰеɻ˳
ĲɹƶԣΪԿֶĴڡصһǴ˷ڵܡ
ʱڵ½ԣƵӵȻҲʲôܣֻûܹ϶ȡ顣
飿΢΢üͷҲɻѣȻԿɹƣԼǴ֪ĻǾӦǿ㹻İս⿪ɹơ


2728 ɹ
ûӵе飬ѹɹƣǿֱӵذɹƸǼᶨƺ֪һЩʲô
Լǲ֪жϣ
ֻʵһۣԻˣĪ֪һЩ飿
Ҳֻʦ˵ܹɹƵĪˡʼаһִɣһɹ֮˵а֮һֿĵ
ȴ𼶱Ĵڣǿн⿪ɹƣΨԿơ
֮ҲüͷĻôȷźܴİգȫ֪ôȥ
Ҳ֪Ҫôȥ⿪ɹơӺԣΪεص
һۣƵشҲе㳬ǵԤϣҲغһɣȿ
˵ˣҲǵ˵ͷǰ˼ߣ˴ʱ֮еŮӣò˵̵ãòҲ˿ѷɫĽ㡣
ֻǲ֪ΪΣɫȥΪ԰ףȥ֪ŮûаΪ
غһҲǽԼƣסƣӶر˫ԼʶڸӦŶԷڵɹơ
ɹƣǰûа˽ǲνɹƣΪ
ڷƵĸӦ֮УֱӵŮӵڣҲǲɵüͷԷڵľȫһֶ״̬ǹ޷ӵаΪ
ʱǰ㲻ͨǲܽġ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ҳǲνɹƣʲôˡ
Ůӵĵ֮һŵĵعâ֣һŹâһּΪĸоҷƲŵĲڲϵر䶯š
ƺҪⵤκδŮڵľǶһŹâûа취뿪
ɹѾҵˣôȥûס
Ƭ֮󣬷Ҳǻ˫׷ʵôˣ
Ҽǵ˵ԼҲйɹƣûżش𣬷̡
ţûڵɹǴµġΪ죬Ҳǻشˡ
ڵɹƣôģģƳʵ˵һʲô̬Ĵڣ
ڷƵ⣬Ȼе㲻˽⣬Ҳֻӻشҵĵ֮һŹâȻԼĪ֮űǻֻ΢Ĺâߵҵȫ֮С
ֻҪһӴԸЩҾ֮еĹâǻᷢһãһʹ
̽͵ҲͼԼȥ⿪ɹƣȻȴǷָûֻԼͽʹࡣ
ԭˡƵ˵ͷҲЩɹ޷ЧɢȻʱǲֹԹȥ򵥡
֪Щʲô̿ɫҲǸֳһϣ
õھȫǶţ޷ԭ򣬵Ҳܹԭ򡣡ʼ򣬵±ǰԼ뷨һһʮ˵˳
һʱ֮Ҳ˳ĬУ˵ƺпܳɹƴʱΪ޷ɢȥɢȥˣǴʱǻԡ
ʲô취ôҲ̽Եѯʵ
У֪ܲܳɹҲغһϷѾ𽥵ظһͷܲܳɹҪˡ
ʲô취
̺һۣҲ׷ʵ
ͨȻɹƱƳƳ
̵ͨ±ҡҡͷʦҲйͷвͨõľ̫ˣ޷ͨ
ǿͨĻǻҵΣա
ҲŻ˵֪жٰաҲεһЦҴЩľȻھͨһ˲䣬ɹƱƳ
취˵ͦɵģʵȴΪѣΪ취ȷǺѣȲ˵ܲܳ׸ɹƵĴڣǶصľҲûһİա
һʱ֮˳ĬǺã
İɣԡʱȷͻȻؿڵ˵ǻǰҲûа취ɹڳֻǼܷЧ
˵ҲȷʵΪͨԵޱȣܹܵġ


2729 ֮Դ
ԼʦҲ˵̵ҲȥһЩǣȷʱҲû취ˣţ÷ԡ
ΪԼãڵڲϵţɹƼĵ֮Ҳǿڻ
ȥͻΣա
ãȻǶӦĻҾԡҲغһҲǶɹƺǸȤܹ֮֯ô겻ɹƹû
ɹƵĴڣúܶǿһ֯棬û뿪Ŀԡ
ңɹƺǶأǿµɹƣҪ𼶱Ĵڲܹǽ⿪Ȼһ𼶱ǿµɹƣͬҲû˿İ취
һΣͨĻоһɹƵİ˵ǿԿɵһֶΡ
ϾһɹƵܱ⿪ˣôɵȻҲûǰ¡
ʲôʱ֣ҲǳʵȻϣԽԽãҲǿƵԸ
ڰɡ΢΢˼һҲ˵ҲǶ̵ǧ˴ŵҡ
һԵ飬δ֪ģҲǲûаգȻһڹ֮УһЩʲôʧĻ̵ãɾѱˡ
ţģʱ䣬滤˵ˣһֻӬҲǷɲȥ̵һЦȷҪ֪ڳɲֹһˣֻϹ޼ɣԼʦ㡣
ˮǣ˭ܹĸ۵¶ֽţǼֱǲ֪
Ƶ˵ͷҲ뿪һ䷿䣬˷ƶһˣ棬еĻǱ̸ߣһƬ򣬶ʱǱüž
ȴĵϢţĸ˷ֱվڲͬķλȴʱڽؽ䱸š
ڷ֮ڣƵɫ𽥵رԺغСεĳ֣Ͼһε⣬Ȼ֪Կɹƣôƣǲ˽⡣
£ҲֻǰСθͼе֪һЩʲô
СӦ֣ŷƵĽ֮Ҳ˳˼֮УڿСûеһʱܾҲǰС֪ġ
СεĴڣһֱǲֻСβ˵Ҳûм׷ʡ
ȷǿԿνɹơСγ˼Ƭ֮Ҳǻصİ׷ݵܾúܾõʱԳƺΪ֮ԴҲ֡
֮ԴΪ㵵Īͷôô
С˵ģһЩ鼮֮ϣҲ˿Ե·ҲǾĵСε˵˵Ե֪һЩİء
û˿ŵ˵̺֮İľܹ˽⣬Ĵ壬ҲǷѰһȵռ㹻֮󣬻ܹ֪Сΰһ۷ƣƺǿ˷ƵС˼˵Ҳģɵģ÷Ĳ²ⲻ͸
Ͳֱӵظʲôͷʲô͵ôƴֵص
Ҳû壬ռе֮󡣡СҲǳǳһЦûоʹ˵Լ֪ġ
ܵøңһмţҲӺԣڵʵ
Ҳжپռ٣ôΨһһ⡣СЦеصǲɿڣһõ÷ƺơ
ǡǺ²ܹǰе鶼ռ֣ʼ򣬿СβɿڣҲǴ˼
ﲻһĵͼô֪ͨһЩϢСҲЦѵƣЩ²˵ҲǲȷƲһ˵ĻôˣҲûκ塣
СεƺΪز򵥣Ǽ򵥵̥
һǵͼôƴʱҲǶȻؾһ£Сβ˵ˣԼﻹһصĵͼǸйϵġ
΢΢˼һ½֮ʱ㹻ĻȥѰһѾ֪ÿһ飬Ųͬĺ壬Ҷ˵Խ࣬ԣԽ
ԼҲǲԼΪű˲һܹԼ֮ڣۼĿ飬һǴûܹġ
ңôǿɹƣԵĻڵɹƸ׵ƴʱҲ壬ָǻڴϵ˵


2730 
ȷҪô
ʱСȴͻȻ̧һֺɫ˷ơ
ţѵʲôô
ҲһɻѣСεӣƺɹƣ̻һЩҲ˵
˲һʣóȻض½ֱӵغСҲʼ
ţ֪Ǻܶأضţش棬𽥵س忪᲻벻Ч
ƻؽԼ뷨˵˳һǴӾߣһһسЩľӶǵһҲǿԷֹɹƵɢ
ûҵ˼˵ʣű˲һΪǻ塣Сβ̲صǻԵŮʣǾ򵥡
壿ʲôôû˵ӺԣȻС˵ʲôȥ־˾÷ͬѰˡ
ע⵽ЩôСҲָʵ
Ƶ˵ͷղӣѾǷһ㣬ڣһɵĶţƻΪֻһЩʶѣƺʲôŵ
ǲʣֻڵĻ֮۶ɵһЩСλؽ͵壬˼壬ǿƿػ֮壬ʵӵߣ۹ƺҲǳֹѡ
˼˵Щ˵ͷɾ𣿡¶֮ɫжʱǷǳسԾ
𣿺ǺǡСҲҡҡͷǸʱҲֻǶ߹ѣʲôġ
ԣɵ죬룬Сο϶˵һЩʱͬ飬Ҫ׷ȥֻСҲǼʱת˻⣬÷Ʋѡ
ʣΪڵĻ֮ûлԣŻһǻ˵Ļô˵һɹƣǴ֮ҲδǶʲô˺Сҡҡͷ
ƴʱĿǸ𾪰ȻԼǴ֮ûа취ʲô˺Ȼֲ˹
ǡھûа취Щ֮ôҲע⵽Ĺؼô˵ĻƺŮ֮ԾԭҲҵˣΪ⣬⡣
Ѿ֪˶Էǻ壬ҴСεĿе֪ƺǺţƵͷţƣСҲǲ͸¶䡣
СεصһĿܲܳɹҲûаա
ɹôƶȻľСôһ˵ƺʱʱеΣյĳɷ棿
ɹˣʱһѵĻ壬պɾͲСͣһµʧˣ궼˲𡣡
ô򵥰ɣɻʵĻôСҲ¶̬
㣬ҲܵǣʲôҲ²ⲻСιɵص
ƴʱһ⵽ʲô⣬ȻԼҪܣ
壬֮ΪһʣóȻؿȻҪܵһЩҼǵҪǿûѣֻʧˣ˫˫𡣡СЦЦô㻹Ҫô
ƶʱǵ亹бҪúõؿһͬС˵ĻôԼǲܹóȻȥ塣
ƭˣʵûôءСδʱ¶ôһı飬ҲʱǹЦ⿪Ȼףûеֵز
һСҲѧϷˣ·µϽ˵¡
ҲûʲôֻҪķڵĿҪķѵʱʮֵ֪ܼ֮ܲõһ;ˣͻֱӵ
Сʼ
ôɻصе㲻š
ˣֲẦ㡣СЦûѣûаգǧǲҪȥԣ⿪ҪʱǷǳ֮ġ
֮УκβأһҲܵɡ
˵ʱСҲ¶һɫ˿ûпЦ˼
˳˼Ҳǵ˵ͷС˵仰˼Ҳغһ񾭹Сôһ˵ƺҲǺܸȤνĻ塣
ԽʱҲǳֹѣܹǿᵽʲôز֪ˡ


2731 
ѵ𽥵ػ⿪Щ̶֮ɵĽᾧô·Ҳüͷʵ
ụ̂ҪķѼʱ񣬶ҲܳЩСκص˵ͷ
ţ֪ˡ
ҲغһһܣҲٶȽԼƣŮӵ֮УڵĿ鶸Ȼת
һΣٴǿ˶Էھ֮еЩ̵ĶǰȥɵģԼΪⲻǶԷڵʣ񾭹Сεѣǲⲻ򵥡
֮۶ɵĴڣ˵ھܵѰǳ岻ǰһΨܹ֮𽥵ػ⿪Щ֮
Ŀ֮۳һɫǻس˷Ƶ֮УƬ֮󣬱˳ŷƵƣ˵˶Էڡ
һβͬһڴ˶Է֮ʣҲǶȻһһĸоָо˵ȴǺ¡
ڽ˶Է֮֮ĿҲһ˲ĻԾĲҲǸӵǿңһ÷мĪ
ңܿǷ֣Լڴ˶Է֮еЩɫ֮۶ɵʣֳһɵļ
ھǳôһĻݶһֵɫȻƬ֮󣬻һɫڶԷڷ
һɫڷƵ֮ҲǶȻһҲǿʼЩ֮
һĻ仯÷Ҳǲ첻ѣ֣ԼЩ֮֮Ҳǲ˹ԲԼΪһֻٶţ
⿪Щ֮ƺǶԼΪ
мѣԴǽ֮ľǿʼͣٲǰʲôΪһ㣬Ȼ֮Ǳòһˡ
ԱߵСҲǶȻ˫¶˾㵵ɫûԤϵһĻģȴǿˡ
ĪŻ֮ʲôϵɣСҲصֻʱûпģѣĻҲһ
ȻʱƵĻ֮ڽ֮У棬̵һȴΪŷƻ
ʦ㣬˵ĿôʵĵǲѣԼΨһãµľʲô飬СԼǺǻ
һΣˣ飬ԵһֱΡ
һ˭Ҳﲻæõ컯ˡҲ̾һǴ˵֮ӵг֮أȻһû֤ʵƱָѰ˲һ㣬ǽڵɹƣǾûܹˡ
ԣҲĬĬزΨһܹľĬĬصȴŽŲҪʲô⡣
ʱһطǰ뿪ʣȴǵȵع˵ϣɫΪز԰ףǶЩѪ
ǰһĿߣߵǰŵǴʱĴһߡ
ɫƽǰߣǴĸףԼԴ뿪ˮ֮󣬱ǻٵذѴǰȻĸף״̬ҲǴŭֱӵؽԹͷʵϡ
Ƭ֮߻˫ԼƷ˴ŵ˿ڣһ͵΢âس֣ɢע紺֮У
һĻʶǾһ߿ԼıԴ֮ھȴ
Դ֮ڵһƺÿһڶӵűԴ֮٣еֵ˵ľǣⱾԴֻ֮ͨ۶޷ֶӡ
ԱԴ֮𼶱ĴڣǷǳҪһ
Դ֮ǲϧãƵȷǺأ
˰ʱ߲ǻֹͣĶҲ̲סᴭһ¶һظ顣
ߣһҿʱϻȻĻҲûֶξȵ
߻ؿڵޱĮƳһǵȹڵϵʵɣң˭֣
ˮǵĳзƵˡȻҲǲǰߣλǱԼ߶ˣȻͬΪ᳤ϣǶԷֻҪһͷǿѹԼĴڡ


2732 Ĺ
ƣǸƣ
ַ֮ʣֵı˪֮ɫҲǸӵŨ
ûѾˣңҲ޷˵аٷְٵİסʵػش֮ǰգ񾭹һ֮Ѿ֪ƵĽչʵ̫ˡ
һǶãȴǴһ۾ĴڣһԾɾһͨԼȰֻ̤𾳵ˣҲûа취
ߣ綼ҲغߵҲǻ˻ֵ°ɣǷơ
ʵ˵ͷҲ뿪ط
꽣ִİȴǼϼһ˭أ
ȥ֮ߵɫҲһӱ࣬ڸղΪƵʱȻҲԼĶӣˣҲ˳˼С
Ȼǲ֪ĸ״ʱѾǺ֮ˣڿ֮УҲûκ˼
ѾǲԷڻ֮ЩʣȷǿͨĴ֮ٶǻصԼڣԼΪ飬Ʋ֪Ǻǻ
ĿǰǣԷΪֿԲϵػԷڵĻ֮ȫ飬ԼҲǲԸͣ
һʱʱܿǰȥˡ
֮󣬷ƲǾãС˵üֱ̫ˣ̹ȻǺѰⶼȥˣȻԼľȴֻôһС֡
ʣµģ㹻֮࣬ƿԸоõôһ죬Ǻü죬ˣһԲ˿ķģ
ʱ棬ʱѾǹȥˣ̱ԽԽļκûа취ֻȥ
İɣûаգһǲȥģӦˣôʹŰա
ֻʴʱҲǵЦ㵣ģҲʼ
ϣˡҲ̾Ϣһ֪ԼĵǶ࣬á
ţôоƵϢ𽥵ʱϹ޼ҲͻȻ˵˷ƵϢ仯ҲǾ㵲ѣеš
ڶôֻһΣⶼʲôʱ򣬷ƵϢȻڱ仯Ѳô
һۣҲסˣȷϹ޼ôһѣǵȷǲ˲Ծ̸̲סҪֱӵسȥ
Ҫʲô
ֻʱֱӵסǲ롣
ҪȥһǷʲô飡
Ҳһز֮ɫʲôʱˣƾȻԼΪⲻǿô
УʱǲܽȥǷԼֻҲҡҡͷʱΣ˵ǷΪؼʱ̣ǲܱš
ʦã嶯ʱҲǻصһ̣ҡͷҪ룬ŵãһǲǵòʧô
ҧԼĺ촽ĺǾᣬƬ֮̾һҪȥͷҲֻǼѡŷơ
ֻϹ޼һۣҲ޿κεʼ򣬵ܹĲ࣬Ψǵȴš
һʱ䣬ôȥˣȻȴǻûа㶯һ㵽ֻͬԼĶǲ˲ȷƵʲô
һȥˣûа㶯Ψһ֪ľǣԲƵϢڻǿţʵԲ²⡣
һ죬죬ǵ˵졣
죬ⷿûд㶯һΣͬǳסˣⶼȥˣ㶯ûУ浽Ƿʲô飿
Уһ˭Ҳҽȥ
̱ŭˣôʱˣܸи˰ɣ
ȻһΣûȰ裬óͬҲǲͷˣȥˣʵ˵ǡ
Ҫ˵ǲء
ֻʴʱҲǿЦѣȴڿЦϽ³вҲţţϹ޼ɶǺ
һĻҪǿнȥˣҪҲûʲôĿԣΪһĴڣһ֣ҪȥǿǲҪ̫򵥡
Ȼֻڲ֪ΣҲǲܻóȻسȥһֽţȥҪ
Ȼʱ򣬼žѾõķǴЩһֶСȻҲõĸֻܹҲصһ
ӡǽˡ


2733 ޵
رƿһؾݵ˳ҹûϢǰ֮£һֱάԼڵĿڲϵת̶ֳȵģ˵ѾǷǳࡣ
ҵǣʱ䣬Ǿػ˶ԷڵĻ֮۶ɵʣҴʱȻҲǻ治ǳΪѾǽλ
ٶȣǿ˵ǰ޹˺ߣͻƶʱ䣬ȴ֮ѸٵؾǵλٶȣֻҲ̾硣
ңڵĻ֮ʱ⿪һ˲䣬̾ڶԷڵɹƣҲǶȻطƺл뿪ⵤȴǻ֮˲ɵ
ڶǿ֮ɫɹƣȴڻ֮ǰû˿ķôֱӵرˣȻҲǳ˷ƵĹƣҲϾǽ˶ԷڵɹƣҲ
ôˣ
̵һȵؿʵӾǽɫȻǳعġ
ԣʱһЦϢҪ㡣

ֻҲһ£ɵɫѾ˹ڵɹѾǱ⿪ˣȻһϢʲô
̺һۣҲ¶˹Źֵɫŷƣ˵ʲô
ƣͱˣлϽ˵ʱԱߵϹ޼ȴͲסˣֱӵشֵʵ
ʱһĻҲ¶һɵɫһϢǣڵɹƣѾǱ⿪ˣûа֢
ŷôһ仰صһϣϢԼû飬ܹɹؽڵɹơ
һҪĶ˵ʲô
ôڶأ
ʱҲΪɻؿŷƣ⿪ڵɹƣѾõϢˣĪǻʲôϢ
ڶõ⡣ЦеصͬʱҲǾ̾壬Ϊ޵һʣԼǸоһĽ
⣿̵ɴԼ˫ۣҲ¶һĨϲɫҪңڵĶЩѾˣ
ܹ²⵽һ㣬ȻǲѣΪ⣬ʣһ㣬ͬʦ𣬶û˿İ취
ûһҪ㣬þʲô޷⣬Щʣһ۶ɣ񻯽ľѾʣҲǱ
Ѳɣҵûʲôʲɣ̵¾һ㵣һе㳬ϣҪ֪Ϊõ⣬ͬǸ𼶱ʦҲ޲ߣʱȴǸõʺر
ţǰǾһ֮ľѾûˣպȻҲܹǳЦ
˵˴죬㻹ûиңʲô㾪ˣͬ㶼˳޲ֻʴʱԱЦеص
塣ֻǼ򵥵˵ĸ֣̺ɻһۣǿǴû˵塣
˵ôϹ޼ҲһͷˮæԱߵֻʣȴǷֻȴ¶һ㵵ɫ
˵ʲô壿
£ֻǻعٴʷƵ
ǵģ֪壿ҲΪе⣬ΪС˵ѾǺܾûгֹˣ˵Ǽһʡ
Ĵʼˣǻ塣
ֻɫ¶һصɫصǻĻôɾòˡ
ʱԱߵ˿ӣһͷˮǿǴû˵壬ҲǸ嵽ʲôǿ֮
ʲôǻ壿Ҳ׷ʵƺֻʵģ¼Ϊز򵥡
ҲؼţĴʼˣǻ壬ѵóһÿһ嶼ǼΪµĴڡ
ֻ΢΢¶˳˼ɫ̵ǻĻôȻ˵̫Ҫˣ
Ĵʼˣ֮䣬һִȴľͷиĻźܴϵû嵽жôؿ£Ǹµļأǻ壬Ȼһ޵еĴڡ
ʲôģŲҪҶԣڵɹƱѾõϢˡʱҲǳЦȻϢ˸ˣֵĵǣƽ¡


2734 ˣ
ȫû⵽ĺ塣ʱֻҲغһǻ壬ǧҪܣԲ֪Ļ鷳޾
ôأ̺Ҳһۣ¿˸֮е𺳣ǿû뵽Ȼ֮ͷ
ҪС壬Ҫ֪ĴʼˣҲʣѵóֹһءֻʺصͬʱѾԼСˡ
̵õȷǻ壬ôþǳΪһԱϾĴʼǻ壬û˭ܹʺһɳ
ֻ֪һûɳôһΪµĴڡ
һۣƺҲǲ²⵽µԣҲ˹ȻڿǣصĻôǸȥ
̫ģǻ壬ɾ;ԲܹġƴʱҲǵصСε֮Ҳ֪ţ嵽Ŷôµĳɳԡ
Ҫ֪СοеһǶ߹ʱȻʱ֮£ȴӵ֮ȻǺɾͷһ㡣
˻ν⣿ҲǲԵؿһ۷ơ
ΪѾʥˣһֱ֮СƻصҲ¶һĨЦղڳ׽⿪˻֮۶ɵ֮ڵĻ֮Ȼת
ңϢȻһֲ˼ٶҲǾǲǳʲô⣬ǺܿСαǽ͵
ͨ˲һ㣬ڵʴľǻ֮Ļ֮һǽ⿪ǶԣΪȻǱǣ
ʥףⲻ㶼㣬Сζ˵׼ջǱǵʲô̶ȣ˿õܲסʱ䣬ѣǷƵı仯
ʥףЦİɣ̵±һ㶣⼸ǲܵ£Ҫ֪ڻ֮ǰÿǰΪûУѾʥˣ
ҲԸҿˣԼȥһ¡·ҲǿЦѣ¶˵ҲĴԼôô꣬ƴƴصȻԷֻǻľѣ±Ѿʥˡ
һĽ
̺˵һֱۣӵ˽ȥҪһ̽ȻƬ֮󣬷ȴǴ˵ľ
ֻϹ޼ɵҲȥΪǷʲô飬Ȼǽȥ֮ȷǷ¶𺳵ɫ˵Ǿˡ
ʲôôüͷһһէģеء
ۡ۾
ص˵еˣǳһֲ˼ֱԼŰ
ʲôҲǵɴ˫ۣ仰һǶ˵İɣ۾
Ȼ·Ʊ΢΢زһ£Ҳ¶һεɫȷǴ۾
һƽڴϣĽ˻֮еŮԭΪ㶼ûУȻǹȥãѾǴӰΪûһԾΪ˴۾Ĵڡ
ϢǴ˳ȥûţ
ȴǷǵǰʵ̫ˡ
ԡУ΢΢زһ֮ɫԷϢڽ˴۾֮ȴûֹͣǲϵš
ȥʲôɣʱ̴˷ܣѾǱ˾֣ϾĹ飬˭Ҳ޷ܡ
飬ΪıǣǴһûаΪˣһԾɾʹۣĻܹɾôŪõĻֱӵسű壡
̵ĵľһ㡣
õģĿǰ˵ƺûʲô֡΢΢һȻԷΪڱǣȴûд㲻Ծļƺһжʮֵ˳Ȼ
ȥûôһɫ
İɣŪõĻܹɾءҲǿЦصȻ˵仰ʱ̵ϢȴǶȻطʱ䡣

Ȼǳɾ
һĻı仯ȻҲ˵ע⣬·ǻû˵ĻҲֱӵסˣҪԼ͵ĳ嶯˵ʲô׼ʲô
⡭һȷƻҪı̬Ϲ޼ڳĬ֮ǻ³һ仰


2735 
ȷ̵ãѾչֳ㹻𾪵һĻⲻǼ򵥵ѣȴǴ𺳵Ч
һ£һΪ˶ûУȷͻȻһӾǵû˸ţʵ
ʵϣҲѵһٶȣСҲ⣬˵ľѣȷǴһЩӰ죬ԶԶû𺳡
һôĪصˡ
ҵǣϢٶȿʼ÷ƵһͣǿҪĽ࣬ЩԿ
ôȷûôϲǲӵص£Ѿǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԶԣԼܹɾ黹ֵø˵ġ
ҪǣӵΪôƵ飬ǲٶȷһҪ
Ӧû⡣΢΢سһ£Ҳǵֻ޷һʱӴΪҪһϰߵḶ́ʱҪһʱ䡣
仰˵ûӵΪκǰûаӣǸΪҲһʱ֮䣬ûа취ӳӦʵ
ֻ˵һΪȴ޷ʹá
ҪʹΪҪһκܳʱȥϤһ˭Ҳﲻ˵ģֻǿԼ
̺һۣҲǵ˵ͷĿǰȻ⣬Եǣ޴󰭡
ֻҪѹԼҲšǳЦŵһ壬С֪һҲʮǿĴڡ
Ҫ֪СڵǶ߹ȻƲǵһʲôӵϾǴûڹ֮Ͽ
£ǻԹȥŮӣϢ𽥵ƽԼһҪѵļ󣬶ν˿̣
һ㣬νǷǳؾˣ̶죬ȴ˵ʱ䣬һ֮⿪ɹƵв
Ȼ޷⣬ѾˣҲֻܽܣһѵĻͻǶһǻ塣
ӵĻֻǿʼ뷨ˣһΰ̽ã֮̿´ڱΪǰĹϵǼ壡
Ĵڣһ壬ǽǺĵĴڣȻǸʱ԰̵ҲĻһӣͻǶǿߣ
ңһǻȿµĴڡ
ֻʲûͷ뷨ҲΪ̵˵İȫ֤һΪ飬֯Ҳǲʹ˰֣֪һڵĻǲϧһֶݻ١
֮£̵˶ԣǾǼ壬ΪĵһɣҲ̫Ƶ֡
ԣʱֻʵѾһЩ뷨ˡ
̣и£һ¡
ֻʿһˣҲ̲סˣ飬ǳȴ˵á
˼ҪҼô
ֻʵ뷨ǲΪԼվҲǸؿʣɵصû⣬ĸ׳֣ҲǷһ飬÷Ƴ֣ҲǷһ顣
̵ĻֻҲǵ˵ͷ֪ԼѾӦ飬ĿĿɲֻһˣá
ʵһҲһ塣
ʱֻʵؿڵ壬˵ͬҲǷΪĴʼˣǻ壬ܹĻŸõĿռɳ
ֻʵĻ̵±ǳһۣƺĥϾǿã飬뵽С
ĻҲһɡʱҲǵؿڵǻ壬ȻֻǼ֪Ȼֽס𣬳Ǳ¶ȥ
Ҳʮֵ˵һʲôӵ壬ʱƱػΣޱȡ
ŷƵһƺҲ֪ԣȻǿһʱ䣬ʱˣԼƾճɾ϶©ϢֻҪһϸ飬ܹ֪ߡ
ңԼ֯ǵ֮£һԼõܣôʮֵ鷳ǿ˵޾׷ɱ
Լǲ壬һ֣Լ


2736 ɵķӦ
ðɣȻ˵ĻҺҵþǼɡ
̵ҲΪԼϵ֣ҲǾ÷˵ûľҲǿʼûͷĽսȻһ籩Ľ١
ⳡ籩֮УҪôվһߣҪôվھͷһߣȴЩϹ֮⣬ûܹ⡣
ԣվӺҪ
ʱ̵ֻĵͷӦ֮ҲһЦֵø˵һ£Ƕһһһ壬Ҫġ
£ֻȻ㣬ҲǽϣɵƤЦصλС㣬֪ɷȤҲһ
ֻ˵ĺתû˵ϣֱӵؼ壬ϾֱףȻԷоԵ֮£ֻҲǺףô˵
ǵС˼ûá
ҲҡҡͷеЦصҲҵʦã֮Գ֣ҲΪʦʦʦ£ҲŹһˡ
֮һǻȥźʦ˼ҡ
ֻţҲΪʧҲϵУһʵ֪ܷʦ
ò˵ֻһнֶεˣˣΪһӵûӵеǾǶһЩǱǿߣǺֱӵؽ£Ҿ£ɣҲԲǳΪˡ
ֻʵĴ֮
㻹˰ɣʦѾ꣬Ҳϲ˵֡Ц˿ǲ͸¶ơ
ʦ㵹ûƭ㣬ʦϲԱҲǽ͵
ֻԣҲʼ򣬱ʾûйϵһ˶ڵȴ̵ѹȻȴⲻ֪Զ֮еȴѾһ˿Ծ
ҵɹƾȻǱ⿪ˣ
Դʦǵ֮ߣͻȻӦӦԼµɹˡ
ţô£
£ʵǰҲ֮ߣȴüͷʡ
ǰˮǵʱ򣬶һɹƣͻȻʧȥ˸ӦĨȥɹơʵػشⲢûʲôġ
ܹ⿪ɹƣҲΨ𾳵Ĵڲܹ֮ߵصô˵Ļˮ֮гһ𣿣
ʳĬп֣ܳϾܹɹƣҲֻ𼶱Ĵڣܹͨⲻ
һĻ½޷ȥˮˡ֮ҲǵصԭţžɳǿǰȥһΣϾԼҵʥ֮Լ߲㷴Ӧδе㿴ˡ
ڻͷսʱڣͳôһͷĻ˿л˵
ǣȴ֪ˮǣһڣôҪȥ鷳ĻôȻҲҪɳһ𣬵Ŀǰɵԣ𼶱ǿߣǼ縺Ųͬ飬޷һʱ֮߿
´˴ε飬ҲֻǾʹ˰ˡ
ˣεɣǱ߳𼶱ĴڣóȻ˹ȥҲǲסҲǳƬ̵
ʵ˵ͷȷһõѡȻ˿ȥƺǳһҲûа취ܲΪ˴£ɳһȥ
ʱˮǵķƣȻǲ֪ԼôһξٶȴǱһ鷳⿪ɹƣΪĴڣ²֮󣬾ͻһɵǿ߽٣ǰذս졣
ҵǣ⿪ɹƣʵжϳȻĻееͷۡ
ʱǵĵȴ֮£̵˹ѹ֮󣬲ûбֳκβףһҲ̳׵һ
ӽ̸֮е̵֪ýˮҲˮ֣ͬɼǶôس谮Լá
ڽ֮󣬷ƵҲһе鶼ѾˣֻĿǰǻûеʱ뿪ˮǣǰȡ
̵֮£ƵҲֻǼͣˮһʱ䣬Ϊһʱ棬ϣܹչһãϾǷϳ»ʲô֢
̵ּ簮ƵҲǿЦãҲ˽⣬Ҫͣˮһʱ䣬ҲûбҪˡ
·ƺˬشӦˣ֮󣬷ֻʵһˣҲֱӵס˳С


2737 һŮͽ
һʱ䣬Ƶ˶ס˳棬ֻʵˣƺҲΪ飬ϵææ⣬ʱ棬ҲǼ縺չõ顣
ãˮһΪ˳Ůӣڸո֮ʣԼѾӵ˼ΪµΪ֮УӲؽһ֮ͤҲǰԼһ
ʱ򣬷ƲǽȥԼΪϾһǰûаΪˣͻȻػһǿƲסܶʱ򶼻׳¡
֮£ƾǳˮʦֻҲǽ飬ļ֤֮£ˮڷƵ£ΪƵĵӡ
һ㣬Ҳû˿ķԣϾһȺ棬ΨǷƶνĻ˽⣬÷ƳΪˮʦҲǲܡ
飬ҲֻҡͷЦڻ壬һжֻСڸѣҪܾģСεȰ˵֮£ҲֻǴӦˡ
ΪС˵һĳ֣ǿԸıܹܶ࣬ͻ彨һЩϵպ˵Ҳһ޴ջ
Ƶ󣬾ǶһΪͽܣÿˮǸ˷ƵڷƵѧϰȥԼڵȥս
Щˮ˵ǰ޷ӴΪǰ⣬Ǳ϶ûа취ʱȴǽ⿪ʵܣǰδе
һ㣬ˮԣʵ̫ҪˣΪǿʳĻ֮£ûаΪˣǺΣյġ
ԴǾһԼٳ֮һ㣬ԣܹӵΪôḶ̌ͲǰصԼ
һЩΣգҲܹƾԼȥԼĽ㣬ò˵֮䣬ƺرغãһ㣬Ҳûв˽Լ֪ģһжǾؽ̸ˮ
ڷƵ˽̵֮£ˮĽչҲǷǳѸ٣ӵһ̶֪ʮʱ䣬Ҳǿʼ𽥵ƿԼڵ
ƺһǳɳһΪµĴڣȻˮܹɳʲôزȻֳǿƣѾֻʵ˶Ǿˡ
ʵ̫ˣνĻ塣
Ҫڲ֮󣬳ɹس𾳣޷ܵʵȻ飬˭Ҳ˵׼Ͼǻ塣
һʱĽ̵֮ˮҲǳؾսƣһĵزԼ˱֣ҲǺܰο
ڹȥһʱ֮ȴͻȻرʾҪ뿪ˣΪһеĿģΪ˽̵öƺѾûʲôˡ
ʦ㣬Ҫ뿪ôڳУһҲǾۼһ̾һʵ
û˵ʲôֻص˵ͷĿѾﵽˣҲǸûȥźʦˣҲǲʦ˼ҵӣ뿪ôһγʱ䣬Ҳͷˡ
̵˵ͷҲЦʺʦʱ䣬Ȼǻȥһˡ
ţ˳ˮҲȥɣʦ֪һ£ƱҲǷǳؾȡǳЦ
˵ʦ𵽵˭ֻԱ¶һ׾ƵģŮ˿еʦʵ̫ȤˣҲ׷ʡ
κ̺ҲһۣҡҡͷΪĬصܡ
ֻشȻֻҲ޿κΣȴĥţ֪ǵʦ𵽵˭
ʱȴǵؿһ۷ƣѾ㹻ˣҪô֮дԼһƬδҪôֻ֮лһƲлѡ
仰ƺк壬õ÷΢΢һ㶣˵ԼͷȻһ񣬵ȴŷƵ³ɻһǳĽ
ţסҲ΢΢һЦⷬҸҲǼУֻȴǲ֪ǣкܶʱɼûѡ
ˣˣԺԼסԼɣʵ鷳ͻʦ𡣡ҲЦŶˮ˵ע֮£赭д뿪ˡ
뿪ıӰ̵ƺһʧ࣬Ͼǿʦ㣬һһٴͲ֪Ǻεȵʱˡ
ˣҲ̸̸ˡֻԱҲصص


2738 ǰȣ
ΪѾǹȥ˰£ôȵԼʱҲǸʱǰȥˡ
ҪȥȲμӱô̵Ƴһۣ⼸˵ҲҡҡͷŪףһʥŮѣʲôȺ˶ԴҪȥ
̵ⷬȻõ÷еβѣܲ˵ǿҵŮˣٲȥĻǱ˵Ůˡ
ףôҲҪʦȥ
ʱˮԱƺҲ˺һæ¶˷ܵɫ
Ҳ룬飬ͱȥκˣúøҴڼ
ˮûµʱֱ̾ӵؾܾˣõˮʱԼԴһĵģǲ¶ʲô飬޶ԡ
һĻҲʼ򣬶ˮڼɣȥҲûж飬ǼֻΪԼȥ
Ŷ
ˮô˵ˣҲֻǵͷӦһ
ȥһˣҲǺķϰ¡Ҳһ¶Լ˵ģ˿ǲ༸ڳ
ֻЦûһأҪһ£ϾףɲһһϦ֮¡
ȴǸʱ򣬿ҲǺʽսʱˡʼʱɱȥ¡
ȥڻҡԣʱֻʱһˣʽ˺Ļô磬ϾȻѾսشǣ̫ˣǿӰĸ֣½Ҳ޷С
ǵҲǣô˵ʱǱ˹֮ʣˮҺȾưɡҲЦеص˵ΪҪȥȣҲԤϵõǰܹ֮ȵˣҲûм
˵ܿһȵıףӦûĻˡ
ллˣҲ鷳˲١ƴʱҲЦҡҡͷֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷһֱӵ뿪ˮǡ
뿪ˮ֮󣬷Ƶһ˵ĿģȻǸȣϾ뵱ȵԼѾûжٵʱˣǵǸϹȥ
ȻڷƵ뿪ˮǵʱȴûע⵽뿪һ˲䣬ҲһӰ͵͵شݳĳźţ֪һϢ
ɽ
ǾˮԶһɽ˴ĸ·֮󣬷ƵҲɽžȵ·̣Ҳûжˡ
Ȼ˷ɽʱ򣬷ƵȴͻȻͣƺǲʲô
һ·ϣŲڱţҲΪˡֻü֮ҲΪãһ·ϣԴ뿪ˮǣǵһֱǵһЩβˡ
ȻǲЩ˾˭Ҳܹ²⵽һˣȴ֮֯⣬˭
ˣҲûǶֵĴ㣬ĻҲǽ׷򵥡ҡҡͷǱ֮ˣȻǸ٣ȴϢǿҲûнɱǵͷ
ô˵ֻЩ˸ţʵе㲻ˬϹ޼ɴʱҲüͷ
߰ɣʱǵҲˣǷȥףٳٵĻȵһЩϼһҲһЩлҪ˵ˡ
ʱֻڳ˼Ƭ֮ҲֻҡҡͷǵʱȷΪҲЩС˷ʱ䣬Ǿظϵȡ
գƵ˻ûһȺ˸٣ֱӵǰȡ
֮ڣʸ˫վͨı֮ƺڽʲôԻ
֪Ҫ׵ʱˡͨ컺صһʱ棬ȵҲȷΪգⲻ黹ãһһò˵ɶȵ͸ǳԾĵزˡ
֪ʸ˫ƽص
ô϶ƿӮһǿôͨҲΪɻʵȻƣΪƵȷҲǲʣҪȺۻ۵ı֮УҪ˹飬еˡ
ʸ˫ȴǵЦ֮䣬һĪš
ϣˣһǶùھĻôӭȢˣʱҲûа취㡣ͨصص
֪ʸ˫ôһɫѾ֪Ϊ˰˶飬ΨһܹҲŷơ
ͨ쿴ʸ˫ţҲֻǵ̾̾һ


2739 
һʱĸ·֮󣬷ƵǴԽ˷ɽӶȵĸ򣬲ò˵Ϊͷ֮һҲ˿زСӡ
ڽһƬ֮󣬷Ƶ˷βͣҲʧˣҲڼɵȵĵ̡
Ⱥʶ࣬Լ뿪ˡֻʴһǷ۽Ƴһ
ţҲǣϾȣôǱ˲ǵټɾͲˡϹ޼ҲǺٺٵһЦ
ڸĹ֮УҲǵ;˵˲飬֮У̶̰£вĺĵӣǱ˴һ
û֪ΪʲôȻô˱Լز²⵽ˣ⼸֯սһϵԸСϢҲ˿
һαףҲ˲һǿ߶ʱ棬ȿν֮ˡֻҲЦеص˷Ƶϡ
ôףʲô뷨ûϹ޼ҲһЦ±ǿŷƣɵǴȤӣҪ˹飬ƺе㼬ְ
Цһ£ҲЦ˵ʲôֵģΪ磬֣ҵͷ
仰Ƴǿţ룬˵ĵҲûеΪѾˣֻʵҲҪɵ֡
һı̬Ϲ޼ɲɵǺ޺޵صҾûô̬ˣһҲˣȻܹǱͬ޵У⻹ò˻ˡ
ֻԣҲǹһЦƵ֮ȷǺܱ̬ҵǣŷƣֵһĹϵպ󼸺ԷΪˡ
ԣҲû뷨ЦһҲҪģ˵һεıףõòٵϹЩ״ʲôģǶˡ
޼Ĵô
ƵɫҲ΢΢һ䣬ֻʵѣҲ֪ԼһοȥȴΪɣʵȴе㲻ŪΪĿǰ˵һЩϹЩ״ӣǷ׷׵س
һִڣ˿ǲܹӣΪŪãʱһԶ죬ȻԳͬ޵УҲ˵׼ðһ̬ļһ
ûСһЩϹֻҲΪصصȻȺƿ磬ͷһЩǿĴڣϲܵԼѡ˹ɽǺ쳾̳ĵӣһ
ص˵ͷһȻʮֵҲһЦĻôһεȣܹѹ
ѹŻж
ֻ֮£Ʋܹϵؽǳڵǰľ統УȻǿ󣬵ǰȴĲʲô
غһҲؽȵĸ򣬲ò˵һεıףȷ˺ܶˡ
ڷƵǰһΪǵĳУӦһĵλȻǸΪ֮ࡣ
ֵ洦ɼϢΪļһ߶ͽΪᡣ
ոǰ߹ľ۾ǿˡϹ޼ɲɵҡҡͷһĻȻҲǳ֮С
ǵͶΪᣬӦöΪ˱׶ֻʵ˵ͷҲͨǸϼһҲһʺˣͨһεıףΪ˲ٵѪҺ
뵽ֻҲǲɵ¶һĽɫĥţǲҲԼһαʲôģȻҲǿ編ơ
ٺ٣˵һιȵмֻǶһѪҺֻҲس̾
ĻҲԵģֻҪǲİˡƳһۣҲֻ룬ɵһЦ
ȿȣǸɶǻ˵İɡֻʲɵ¶εɫȻ룬ˣĿ»ֱӵرߡ
ڿǵҸطţΪˡƿҲǲɵеյص°ѱǰ֮еĿջ϶Ǳޱȵġ
ʱ䣬΢һ㣬µҪһŵĵطҲе㼬ˡ
λֹӺͷ繫ӣϹô
ȻʱһȻڷƵ˵ı


2740 ۵¥
ԣ·Ƶ˱ǲתǷһɫŮվǵΪһηƵ˲ûֶθıԼ˵ò
֮ˣȻǿԺ׵ϳ
ǣֻʵһۣҲһ㶣Լ֮ƺʶ˭ôŮһ¾ϳԼˣ
ŶǸ㿴ҶҽˡɫŮӵ±ЦЦͬһࡣ
ҽˮǷʥŮ֮﹧λʱˡ
£Ƶ˱ǻȻԭǻʸ˫İţһĻĳ֣Ҳ΢΢һЦʸ˫ͦעԼģȻҲ˵ƵԼ١
ˮС㣬á·ҲЦŵȻԷǻʸ˫ˣôҲ֮ģˮûв´ĻӦþ˫Ѿ֮ġ
繫ӣ֮ǰʥŮѾźǵסˣֻҪǸһͿˡˮҲЦŵҲǲͣشŷƣϾҲһЩţʥŮʸ˫ˡ
Ȼˮȴ֪Ӧþǰķˡ
ˮҲû¶ʲô̬ϾԺɾʥŮˡ
ĻͷˮСˡжʱйů⣬ʸ˫ҲΪܵ¼ȻźסޣôҲǲòЩ顣
λɡˮЦҲǰ棬ƵһۣʼҲǸϡ
ˣˮС㣬һһ£һεı׵ľˡƸҲǳʱ䣬һ±ϾǸոǣ׵ľҲǲ
ģһǷΪѡκʽ֣ܹμӵǴ۾ȻǲμѡΣʤȻܹμʽˮƽͣȻҲ
ޣ֪νѡΣѵ˶һбôƲʵĻҪķѺܳʱ䣿
ţȴһأǾǾϿɵˣֱӵѡӶμʽı֮СˮЦŵҷ繫ȻҲһ
ԣֻһۣҲ˹鲻˵϶ͨģǲμѡεǿߣµԵıס
Щ־Ͽɵˣȥб׵ǿߡ
ʣһһжǾϿɵģ
󣬷ҲʳһΪؼ⣬ǾǷҪŪԼһˣжٸ
ܹùϿɵˣͶȻԴˮĿе֪һֵĻôԼҲ֪ԼҪԵĶִжٸ
࣬һǶʮˮЦͬʱҲֻϹ޼ɵϣλҲ֮һ
Ҳ㣿
ֻʶʱ亹ȥˣ顣
Ҳ˵Ļʮ߸΢΢رһ˫ڲţҲ¶һĨЦе㳬ϡ
ȷʮ߸һεıףȻ˲ˡϹ޼Ҳĳ޵ڿܹù϶ˣһ㶼һĳϹ״֮ࡣ
Ȼһα֮УΪصľһ͵ǿߡ
Ҳû⣬˻ءֻʺٺһЦʱһ֣֪ѶˣʣľͿԼˡ
飬ȻҲֻʵ֮У°ȥҲͨΪͨУҲΪطƵȻֲźۼֶơ
٣ҲǡԣҲһЦֻϹ޼ɵİæĻԼԼ᲻ѹϾʮ߸ԣԼҪԵ˾ͻǱøˡ
ˣλӵˡʱǰˮȻͣٶ£ҲǻͷЦеص
Ƶ˵Ȼֹ̧ͷǰһΪֺ¥һңǿĴֿӡ֮ϡ
۵¥
֣ȴһֱζ˼¥ҲĶ࣬زǽ۵¥ˣΪûһڴ۾ģ
ط򵥡ֻʵҲЦŵȻû취͸Ҳܹ¥һЩֱ۵¥ͬԼǵ̤¥һ㣬һЩص塣
۵¥ǵģ


2741 Ĵȥ
۵¥ģҲǰԵ˵ͷ۵¥棬Ҳŷһĵλʸ˫ǰҲǳһǡ
˵౻϶ˣҲֱӵذŽطôƲɵǻͷһ
ţûһʱ䣬۵¥ҲΨ˲ܹסڵĶʮȻҲ۵¥֮С
ˮǳЦ˵ͷһЩҲûʲôġ
ֻһۣҲ˳˼Уڱ֮ǰԼЩ档
ܹ˵˵嶼˭ôֻʴʱҲǶʱȤʮ߸ˣܹǲģ
ֹӣ汧ǸˣҲ֪ˡԻش𡣡ԣˮҲʱ¶һΪѵɫϾֻǻʸ˫Ѿߣ̫飬ûа취ô˽⡣
ֻʶʱҲʼ򣬶Էô˵ˣôҲûм׷ʣ˶ãԼӦܹ֪ˡ
ɣԤѾ׼ˡˮҲЦŵǰѷֻʵ˴˽ȥ۵¥֮С
Ȼ˵ĳ֣õ۵¥Ĳǿ߶ǶʱΪ֮ĿоͣԼϣҲ治ɫɨһڳľȻҲвԼµǿߣ´ĿǸԼһ㡣
λӣ˼ˣ۵¥ʱûзԤͷλƲ𴦡
ʱǰĹ̨֮УһӴЦݵƹҲǶǰһ˵
֪˭ô˵û䣿
ƹôһ˵Ǹ˶ʱǲˣʱҲ˰˶ȣõ۵¥֮еĲ˶ü
ˣĸǿߵĺ󱲣Ȼ˲£Ҳ۵¥ʲôطȻڴ˵ش󳳴֣ҲǸԼĳ
ǸλӣĿǰûжķˣͷƲ𴦰ɡƹģȻʹϾģʲôûм
Ҳܣ۵¥ûз䣬Ҷסˡ۹ᣬƢǲСҲΪеȤˣΪߣƢȴ㽾ᣬҵӣûɡ
۵¥Ȼıڱ󣬸˭һٸӣҲѡ¡
Ǹ˵ԱߣϢӣԼĪλңƺ۵¥ıһҲӣȻûз䣬Ǿ߰ɡ
ǣαأӣط϶з䡣һҲǸ͵
һĻȻӦþ۹ʵһûʲô棬۵¥ʲôطҲ룬Ϊĵطܹµô
ǸӵȰ˵֮£Ҳֵȡ˼µļ󣬷ȥһԣƺеΪˬ
һĻƵһۣҲҡҡͷˣǳԴ
ƹģ䷿
ʱˮҲߵƹǰҲһöͭɫľƣƺĳݵһƹĿľ֮֮ϵЦݣʱҲǻ࣬¶Щء
õģԵ£šǸƹȻҲ֪ǰ
ˮ˵ͷҲľƣƵµˮȴš

ʱһгʱˣƵãȻȴǷ֣ǸղŵǸ۹ڶ¡
˵أˣѷø˱үΣǮˡ
ˣʱȴҵ˷ˣȻҪó䡣
Ѿ˭ֻʶʱǷ˷ۣûصɵϣĴȥ
ˣֻʼֱݣһԴȱһôƾҪסҲԼʲôΪһոս۾ģ棬ʵһץһѣʲộȻ̬Ƚᡣ
˵ʲô
ǸҲǶʱǲȻŭԼȻǱָűɵϣжʱŭһҪɼܵģ
λӣ۵¥£鷳뿪
ʱƹҲǻصˮᣬ϶ݲһα׵ĻҲһ㣬˾ǲܹġ
뿪ղŻ˵ûģз㶺أ֪˭ôʱǽ۹ӶʱҲǲˣֱӵָƹıŭ
뿪۵¥
ڴʱˮȴǷˣһָŽ˺ǳ


2742 ֪
㡭ҹ
ʱ˱ûţָˮɫͨ죬û뵽ȻһŮӣҲǸָıŭԶ㡣
λС㣬˵⻰δе˵ɡ
ʱڽԱߵʱǰ಻סˣȻ۵¥ı򵥣ôԼҹⱻ۸
û˵˵˻ô
ˮһغ⣬˵۵¥ÿͽ룬ûʸ񣡡
£Ҳط۵¥ܹµĵطô
ˮһĻʱõɫ׵ر࣬ǽ۹ʣʱܵⷬԴ
ȵı٣Ҳÿ˶ܹҼҹָֻŵġ
ʱһҲ£ҼҹӵǸסɵÿҼҹӵˡ
ûµǸһҲŭ
Ʋɵüͷͷô洦ɼɵϣΪԼжôһһôţͷǲ֪ôġ
˵ҲδԴ˵ɣһ仰˸£ʱֻȴ̲סˣɵϽˣðģôǷᡣ
ղˮǳˣɵϣȫǲ⵱һ°Լеһ㡣
ڣֻҲ̲סˣɵϣеΡ
˭˵ʸôСүҹһȥɡʱҲŵָֻʵˣŮıҹ£
̬˵ƺϹ޼ɶסˣǶǸҶֻ˵仰ֻʹһȥ磬ʸ˵⻰˲࣬Ҳ٣ȴǰ˿˵ġ
ֻʴʱ̲סЦ˫ۣŪף˭˵Զ㡣
֪˭ôʦ𣡡ʱȴһصðôһ仰
һ仰£ʱ۵¥֮еҲС࣬˿˵ĳһֿǾޱȵ
˫
ֻˣҲ΢΢سһ£ƺʲô
ѹ˽ᣬԭʦ˫𡣡ʱϹ޼Ҳƺ˫ǸʲôӵĴڡ
ţ˵˵˫ʲôôҲΪȣ˫𣬵ȷһЩͷȻϹ޼Ҳ
ʦҪֵϲ˵ءϹ޼ʼҲǵ
ԣƲɵһ£𣬴Ϲ޼ɵϿԿӦǲˣ˫ȻҪȽҪǿ֣
˫Ҳȷǲˣѹִʱ۵¥նе㰲ˡ
ô˰ɣڻлᣬԹԸүϴȻȫʬǽҲһ֮ɫصֱԼʦͷȴ¶һȵı鿴ǡ
ˮҡҡͷɵǶǽ¶һֿɱɫ˫ͷȷܴ㲻٣ֻʵǰ˵仰δедˡ
ֻ˭Ķδķǰ˵ݣⲻûȤô
Ȼֻڻع֮ҲǿЦãɵϣıĹˣҲҡҡͷ˫ϣ߰ɡ
ţˣҪߣûô򵥣һҹ£
ֻҪϢˣȴû뵽ǲˣһ˵̬ȡ
ֻҲǵ̾һˣҲû취ҪķڷֶֻͬƷԷ
ɫ뿪ȾˣǡֻûصΪ㣬˫ĵӣΣ֪˭ô
˭£ҪôСүϴǸҲһؽ
磬ҹµˣ˵㣬ʦҲֻʲɵЦصǲţȥʦֻʣĶ
仰һʱõòٶ飬Ķݿɲˣǽ˫ӣǸӵؾ𺳣
˸㣬ȵĵط˵㣬ʦˣҲ˷ʱˮҲϲּزһ䣬һŰ׳յǽ۹ӵôĿԣʦ֪ô
仰£Ҳ̿ˮ侮ʯ


2743 ֮
÷ƽ˺֮ҲνĴ֮
濴ȥܸ֮ʣԼһָƵĴȻ÷ƽ֮󣬲Ƿ֣ڴ֮棬û̫Ĳ෴ǳؿտ
ĵ棬ܱǺɫǽڣ̧ͷԿһž޴ҹ飬ǳһ㡣
⴫֮ܣӡֵֵķģһеĿھΪңһĻƲɵһ㶣ػһĴ֮
֮ĴڣѾ꣬Ůʥһ֮ء
ԯ߻صŮʥعܱ֮֮ߵػߣγػһ塣
ʱľԶȥõյǿߣǾ䣬ȻȥϹʱ飬ҲǱ𽥵ˡԯߵصʵ壬ͷػһǿ߳ȥģʱ̫ˣõû˼ǵá
ԣҲ˳˼УȷԣŮʥعֻ֮һǾŮʥĲ£ǸʱǲΪǿĴڡ
ȴûи浽֮Уѡ˳Ϊػһ壬䣬ʧȥ˾⣬ػһǲġ
Ϊػһǿ߳ȥʱưʵ飬˵˳ϾԶԣֻػһĻȶǸӵ档
ŷѯʣԯ߹һЦҲǻشţŮʥ˼Ůʥڻع֮ǰ˵֮Уûκζģħĳ֣һжˡ
Ǻħﱻ׵ѹˣеĴڣǶܵӰ죬ѧ˶ѧƣѧ棬ʱΪ˵ԼĿģǲϧһеֶΡ
ԯ߸̾ŮʥԤһĻ˵Ͼñط֣־ñغϣ壬壬ǶԼ˼룬Լġ
νѲ⣬һͬҲܹ֮䣬ֶεĻٴαֹĻңĻңԺȺ壬سΪĴڣ֮ϡ
ܴĳ̶ȣΪܹ壬ǰ½壬֪ôǵ棬ŸΪµĴѹǡ
֮Ҳǵ˵ͷȷһֶΣϾ̹𿪴ƬأȻŮʥǴ壬֮ݱʲôӣû˱ŮʥΪ
Ϊ˷ֹҳ֣֮бױȵţһУȻֲܹȥǶģ߸Եľ
ػһ壬Ļ󣬳ͷ޷֣ػһŻǳ֡
ˡ
Ҳ˫ֺʮصԯ߸Щ޷ڸػһػһػһںһҲǾԲܹĵġ
֮ϣȴ޷顣
ػһĶء
׾ͺáƵɫԯҲǵ˵ͷʵΪĵľǣƳΪػһ֮󣬻ĵλõǰδеߣ֮£׾÷ĳһЩԴȵء
ȻΪػ߶ѣЩǲֵܳġ
֪⴫֮ʲôôʱԯ߻ص쿪˫֣ɨӶܵĺɫʯڣ棬ӡÿһػߵо顣
ԣƲɵǵɴԼ۾⡭⴫֮Ȼ
ÿһػߵо飬Ѿһʾ޴ĲƸˣҪ֪ܹΪػһػߣⱾĴڣΪɲ⣬ԯߣ˵ʵȻԼѾͻƵ𾳣վԯǰܹܵԷɲ⡣
˵ػˣػһѾã֪ǳֹ˶ٴػߣȻЩػߵһЩи룬صȵȣں˶ԣһʾ޴ĲƸ
ÿһµػߣһ£һԵ۵ǰԼĵСԯЦеصһػߣȻҲǿһ¡
лԯǰ
ȻʱȻ֪봫֮Уһôѵ飬ػߵиѾ󶼾÷ˣոս𾳣磬ܶδһ£ܹؼԦ磡


2744 ħӰ
Ȼⲻ֪֮Уһ¾Ѿعȥˣһ棬˶ǷһĸǰδеΪҪڿٶһΡ
صĿս÷ӵн۷ս
۷壬Ŀ磬ǿģҲɵͨ컹кţ˶ͻƵ񽫾Ȼȴ֮⣬ӵţһս֮
յ֮ɳ񣬷Ҳһ漣ˡ
ƻ˫ŵ߳˴֮ѾûıҪˣ֮ٶǽͻƣ뵽񽫾Ļܶԣû̫İ
峤峤ԸأǰѰ
ȻʱڷƸ뿪֮֮ʣһȴǹضŷƵ
һ㶣ҲˣԼػһػߣʵ̫ͻȻԼû뵽Ҳ΢΢һЦڻĴ֮£ǰȥѰԯߡ
һ·ϣػһˣ˷ƣǹޱȣûа㲻ϾֳսѾ֤㹻ǿʸ񣬳Ϊµ峤Ҳػһһػߡ
Ҳע⵽ػһˣ࣬ԼĪˣÿһ˵սǼΪز⵹Ҳһ٣սȴǲСӡ
ػһһж˿ڣƻؿʵʱǰ·ĻҲǹػش峤ػһһ˲ÿ˶Ǵ۾֮ϵΪǿߣԼĪһٶˣ𾳵ǿߣʮȻѳ˳ϡ
ԣҲǲɵȻػһĵ̣Ҳֲ̫һ㣬ѹŵܹ֮£ȻǲɵжǿǴʱػһֳĵ̣㹻Ļ֮塣
ȻƸ֪ȴЩϵػһƺӦûһЩԼǰʶĻϣҲһΪµĴڡ
ЩͬϹһĴڣ˵ػһ壬֮еҲһڡ
غһҲΪôһһ֮УպɾǷٲʢأҳΪµػһ壬ȻܻûĻᡣ
ԼĪƬ֮󣬷Ʊһɽ壬ǵͷ峤ط壬ֻ峤ųϲܹ룬Ƕ򣬽⿪еĽơ
£Ƶ˵ͷóԼĺɫ΢΢ҡһ֮ǰɽȴǻ΢΢һЦ浹ҲһЩͨû֣Ǿǲͨ
ŵɽ壬ԯߵȻҲǸӦ˷Ƶĵһ˶ɽ֮ϵȴƵĵ
μ峤
÷ƿԯΪ׵һػһĳ֮⣬ҲǻлˣҲں֮¡
λǰεºܣܳλ֮񡣡
·ҲطһЩϣô˵Щ϶ԼǰȻǲܳЩ֮
ƣһջС
ԯ߿ɫҲ΢΢һЦص
ǰĸȻûͻƣľ磬Ÿ̵򡣡΢΢һЦصҲǲԴȷľ磬ͣλûκεͻơ
粻˵һУúɣڸպǺһ¡
ԯ΢΢һЦ֮Ҳ¶֮ɫŷ
Ѳɷʲô飿΢΢һ㶣һۻʵĪں֮³ʲô⣿
ںϣû⣬ֻҪһ仰ػһǿԳڰ½嵱Сԯߵصֻ½ƺǳ˵⣬Ϊ֡
ԣɫ͵ؾ½ĸԴ֮أǲܹκ⣬Ҳͷڰ½ܹʲô⣿
ħְ½ѾǸȾ˲ٵ塣ʱ컺ؿڵЩȾ壬ĿֻһǾǲϵط˺ܴڰ½ʼǻޱ
Ȼʱûܵ壬ȥǻ½ݡЩ壬еǰǴսȻȴͻȻظı磬ǵҲǱøΪֲѡ


2745 
ô
΢΢˼һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷ֮壬ԣʲԼֻԼ飬ټһЩԵȵص𾳽硣
һǿߣѾǾ߰˰ˣ˵һʱĻͬҲǿΪһʱĳ֡
ȻɷƾһĴߣͬأ˷֮⣬ǿ½չֳԼ˵ʡ
ѵõƽԣҲһչ̧ͷ𽥻谵Ĳ૵صȷԶԣڶΪ׵ʱڣػһļ룬мǿ˲٣ػһĵ̣ȻҲǿΪĵ̣Ϊ֮䣬Ѿǲֱ˴ˡ
վڷƵҲǳĬôһ㣬ҲǼ֤ŷƵһһ˵񣬴ӵƽʥѧ֮ʣ˭ܹ뵽ƿߵһز
յȱҲû飬ƶܹһһˣԶԣҲΪ˷Ŭۡ
ҲţҪ縺Σԣѹ
߰ɣˣϣʲô¹ʣϾ½ҲԪ˰૵ص뿪һɽطʥѧС
һҹԣոǾһƽٵİ½һֽٺĳǶڲԣȴԵòôƽһнΪ֮֮¡
д󲿷ֵ壬飬ûзԣǸӳ޳ɵϾ۰½磬һ˲õľͷ
ܹ֮£һ飬ڰ½ͨ˶ԣֻȥ˼򵥶ѡ
ǶһּСԣȴΪǷͼͳ½Ҳ˼ͼֹ˵γɣȻӵͷˣܿؾǾۼһ˸Ρ
Լ֮䣬ƽİ½ƺǷӿЩСȻҲ֪ҲڷƵĲ²⵱УϾƿɲΪʣİ½׵γˡ
϶ǻһЩԣҲǷϣģҪĲһͬɢɳİ½Ҫһһģֿ֮ҵİҡ
ǿԳһˣʵʩһЩֶΣЩ壬׵ذ
ڶ죬峿ոһպñǳ׵ҫʥѧȴԵø֣ϵǿ߳ʥѧ
˵ٿҲõð½ʣ֮ǿϤؾۼһ𣬹Ϊֽ½ǰ
һǳʥѧ֮УһһؼһЩʶ֮ˣȻʱҲȻؿƣϸտܻһЩԸ˵»¡
ԣҲҡҡͷЦνˣɡ
Щ壬ȻԼӦԲߣҲǲҪģ˵ͷȻֶΣôҲǲˡ
ʱĹȥʥѧ֮ۼǿߣԽԽ࣬һʱƵҲǾһε˻飬ʽؿʼ
վʥѧĸ̨֮ϣܵİǿߣɫƽصռȻǵʥѧҲ֪Ϊ¶ʵ˵ĳǰģ֮ңǲӲܣҪλЭܹѹ
˵ҲʵܱǴ˲ٸ͵
΢΢ص˵ͷҲǳҲ赣ģ˲Ҫ壬Ϊػһںϣ壬ǿԳƺΪµػһ塣
ػһĵλΣǲһǽ֮£ܹǳ׵˽֮ҲȻǻɢʱԻǿԸԵ塣
һҲ˵ǴһеļɵΪôҲһ֮еǿߣҪ֮£˵ʵûԸǵʵǳǿ
˼ȻΪӦȻҲʹ½ڴ֮£ǰֵħﶯңҲõ־壬ЩħߣͲܹӦ
ǰѡֻһ𣬲ȥԸ֮ҡ
ȻʱȴһĴһۣҲվ˳ŷƵ֮ں֮һǿջȨ



ڶ 


2746 ʦ
ˮһ仰Ҳõ۵¥ˣ̿һ仰Ƿǽ˵·
ǰˮҪ˫ϣԷһأȴû뵽ԷȻ˵صôߣȻͼֻҲǸ¡
Ц˫ǰҲδǿֻʹ£ƾĵӣ
ȻʱǽɫҲǱͨޱȣҲһʱ֪˵ȥվǰˣȻĶӿӴˡ
߰ɡʱҲ֪鲻ˣȵĵطԷһĶݿǲ򵥡
˫ˣҲóȻطϾ۵¥ȵĵطֺŲƵĹϵǼԿĿˡ
ɫͨ죬ԴҲ֪Լݣƺ𲻵κˣǻˣ˫ݣҲһãֻʶԣûжˡ
ȻвޣҲûа취ǰƶԣȷǺܲȴǹ˼ɵԼѾǱԼʦͷˣȥǶˣ
˫𣬺ôҲݺһʱǿߣȻǴ˳ȥǶΪزãһǱ˵ɣ˫ͷɡ
УԲˡҲвʣ¹صԼʦȻǲ׵ԣмٵͷҲһ
ߣĶҲΪα׶ȻĶԱҵʦ֣Ҳ޷κϣ
ˣһתƻĹʵǲôԱߵҲҡҡͷ˫Ҫ֪Լĵزǲ֪᲻Ǳûˡ
ҵ£ûжϵҾ㻹뿪۵¥ɡֻʵصȻǲĻҪƽţδԵԼ̫Сˡ
㡭бڱӮҵʦ֡Ҳܻص
˵ɣǸаëǮϵʦ֣ҿɲʶҲûȤֻʲͷذ˰֣Ҳˮܴȥô
ǾǰˣԴ⣬⻹ûˡ
ţλǵķѾǰźˣʱƹҲǵ˵ͷҪԴȥϾֻʵݰ˭ӡ
ͷˡֻҲǿصŽǰ̬ȣȻرƹвɵһ̾ͬҲӵܣôôء
£ƵҲûдŶԷǾʱٶǷһЩϲ顣
һӰſ˽һ۱ǿ˽ˣҲֱӵ˹ǽҲע⵽ˣɵǴϲؽеʦ֣ˡ
һʦ֣ʱõò˶Ϊ֮Ŀʦ֣ô˵ĻҲ˫ĵӣ
ûԤôˣһغģĸĸߴ󣬶Ҹ˵ĸоһɾƣһ۱ǿѰˡ
ûУ꿴ңҷ䡣
£˿ԼʦֳˣȻҲǵʮ㣬ɵǺԩһԻһֲ©˷Ƶ˶УֻҲǿЦѣˣôô
Ŷ
Լʦô˵ǿҲΪؿһƹģҲóһöµľƣһľˮǰóļһģһֻǸ˵ĸоûˮõһ龫¡
ƣѵ۵¥з䣿ҲûʦǰĽ񣬼ʱ̣Ҳǲ̲ʵ
ƹĵҲǽеľƣ󷭿һ¼¼Ҳǵ˵ͷסĻȻǿԣֻһ䷿䣬޷Ÿķˡ
һľʲôֻʴʱҲǲɵʵ
ŶֻͨϿɵѡ֣ʸõģʸһĴڣӵֱܹӵزμѡΡˮҲǽ͵ڷƵȼˣΪŻʸ˫İţȻҲĶ
ֻŷһۣ±˹ڿǰˣҲʮ߸֮һ
ܣΪʲôһƿ䣬ʦ־ͲУ
û뵽ǸǿʼˣҲԼԴ룬ˮʲôˣʲôˣȵô
Цǡ


2747 
ʦܣ˵Ҫ嶯
Ȼϵǣˣƺǵ࣬ǽպּµԸ⵱һԴһȷʵͨ
û˵ٻ˶ʱҲǲõص
λӣģΪλҲǴ˴ܵĹ֮һȻҲܹһ䷿ʱƹҲվ͵
ɲ۵¥ƫģʵˡ
ԭˣҵʦ³çˣǸҲ¶һȻɫҲǽֻŷϡ
ȴڷƵͣٶƬ̣Ҳǲźۼüͷ¶һΪɵɫ
λ֪λγƺҲΪظŷƵ˴к
ֻһۣȷʵеŹ֣Ȼ˼ЦкôֻʵȻҲ˵ɫ
ֻʡ
ƣ
Ϲ޼ɡ
Ҳǲ̲ر˸ԵţȴûйԼ˼
һεıף̧֡Ҳǹ˹ֵղʦܸܿǴһЩţǡ
ֻʵȻǲö˵磬˭ʶڷƣҲǻȵĺܣҲжţϹ޼ɣȻֻܹʵվһģֻȥ
ԣҲΪһʦȫһ㡣
Ȼ˭ǿ˭ܹ˹飬ûòôһ˵ֻҲЦЦֵиˣڱ
ƵҲǸƹȥѰҵ԰ŵķ䣬ĿȥҲҡҡͷĽأص߰ɡ
ߣʦ㲻סô
˲ɵǾ㵵ĵ
ƳһԼʦܣⷬɫǰ¶źֻܴûעص
һҲֱӵ뿪طӺԣҲֱֻӵظϡ
뿪۵¥֮ɫǳ׵תǽŭȻʦͷߣҪʦ֪ˣǵôͣ
ҡⲻûа취̧ʦͷôҲһеί
ߣҲˣȻҵ˵ҪҶôԼʦʲôԸȻǺղĶԻʵһ֪һֱûվѡ
뵽ԼʦܣȻǰָ̧еŭѣò֡
ѵʦֶûôҲеؿһԼʦ֣¶һֹŹֵɫ
˵˶ٴΣˣ죡ҲûصԼʦܣպܹʦͷŻ
ǶԷѰҲˣƫƫһζԷͷҲСͷԼʦҲ޼ɵȻԼʦ޵ô
ŶҲԴͷӦһ㣬̾һǺɸְ
Ȼʱ۵¥ֻʵ˲ߣУֻȴǻؿڵƣԣʲô
ƳĬƬ֮ǻصһô򵥵ˣ죬ӳǸ
ڴ˷ƶԼۣ϶ҲǴһ
ôҲָоֻʲɵһЦǼŹͬԸ˵ĸоҲһģһ
ܳģһ۾͸һαĸоܲѾͲѡЦЦȷǣܶʱ򣬿˾Ϳһ۾㹻ˡ
ԷֵԼȥģֻͬԸˣȫһղǸƵĸо̫٣̫αˡ
ҲǣǼһ￴ȥܺ񣬵˭֪ʲô⡣Ϲ޼ҲʼȻҲָоڸղľٶƺһ۱ǿˡ
˵ɣһҲʮ߸֮һСһˡָصƺǿƺǸ
ûҲ̫ɵȻҲ˫ĵӣҲǿ˵ȥֻҡҡͷҲǲûа
Ҳô˵ôҲʮ߸֮һӡȷЦŵϵĽ棬Ȼǲη壬Ҿ᲻ǱһСͲˡ
ңֻԣʱǵɴԼ۾ûصң˫ҲȲ


2748 
Ƭ֮żֻʵȻҲˮİ֮£ֱӵ۵¥֮סò˵۵¥ĹģȷǲС̤¥һ㣬ڲǬ
һţһȥȴһռһ㡣
Ʊڶһ֮ڣˮڰǰź֮ȻҲǸǶȥǸ˷ǣһεıףǰǳֻ֣Ǵͨѡ֮󣬲ֵǡ
Ҳ˵ʱ֮ڣƵ˶ǿ˵ɻ
ҲҪʣܲʱʸ˫ˮȴǺ͸˷Ƶ뷨һ㣬֮ǰҲЦеظ߷ƣʸ˫ͨĽ̵֮£бչʱ޷ء
ҲΪˣʸ˫ŻǰԼ˽Ӵơ
飬Ҳǵ˵ͷʾ⣬Ҳûʲô룬Ͼܹõָͨ㣬ڻʸ˫˵Ҳδزһ¡
ͨǺεˣ磬ܹ֮ˣǲ
ǰĻʸ˫ֻʥŮѣõָͨ㣬֮У˵Ǹӵһ¥
ڰ֮󣬷ƵȻҲûж˵ҪȥǹһȦôһγʱĸ·ҲǸеΪۣȻҪúϢһ
ȴûֱӵϢԼķֱ֮ӵʼĵһ
ԴͻƵ֮ҪĸʱȥԼΪȥľ磬Ȼ˵δе㾳졣
֪磬ںܶ˶ԣһûа취ﵽľ磬ͬҲһЩͬͨһ㣬ɣֻ΢ǿ׳һϡ
ȻҲ֪˰½Ĳͬڰ½û˿ԳɾȻȴǿԣҲ˵֮£ܷȥ޷ͻ
Ͼ۰½Ĺ֮ΪǿʢʱֵλҲֹվ޷żɾϵ
Ƿƾãı˳죬ԶûȥԹô֪ܹ棬Ҫ֪ͬҲû顣
ȵʱһɾ˴ֱۣӵشĽʢ
ڵ磬ǰ½ڷƽͻ֮󣬴۾ĴڣѾǴ˵еǿߣһЩ֮еˣ׷ǽͻơ
ڷͻ֮ƺĹҲǸıˣЩѹ˶ǿߣҲһ˲ֱӵ˽ʥ۷ɾ˴ۣ۾ĳɾȻû˵½
Ҳбһ˳ɾôҪǳΪһ
ǵһʱɾ˴ۣȺӣôڳɾȻҲܹһһеĳ棬Ҫ顣
Ƭ֮󣬷غһеЩȫ׳ȥһּž붨״̬֮С
״̬֮£ƿʼ۲Լ壬ǾǴϴ֮֮ǳܵ˻֮ɱЧѾǵһǰδеļ̶̳ȡ
ǿͽֿôصȻ˵ǵȲȱ
ǰҲǵò𼶱ĴڣΪΨ𣬲ܹذӶǲȱУҲǼΪؿ¡
ڷڵĿ飬Ѿĵ֮ȵ£ϵţɢɫһƵĵ֮С
ĵ֮ȴ֮󣬻Ǵ֮ʱǴ֮ĵ֮ڣ۶һ۰Сľˣ峺ޱȣȴ̺һɼΪµ
Ǵ֮Ŀ֮Լ޷ԤϵǴ֮ݱΪʲôϾǴ֮ˣɾֻһ
ڵķƣǴ֮ȼµƻ֮أȰĶ˵ؼ汸ǻ̺֮˲սֱ
ӵнս˲䷭໤ϣƸ˵֮޵Уԡ
˵ҲΪͷۣΪ⿪Լƺһƿ֮УѾǶڿƿΪʮ֮УҲܹһˡ
оõԼĿƺܹõһָǾأ
ؿǵٶһΡ


2749 ͻƵؿ
һͻƵؿôһǳɹشǵǿӲرص
Ǻεȵĸһӱıں޷֮£Ҳûа취ܵˣ˵ͬȼĴڡ
뵽һ㣬ҲǾҪûѰͻƵϾصĿصĿĿɵһΣ
ÿһΣǷһı仯һǳȼҪͻƵףƶǲԸȥֻһ˿
˽˿״̬֮УҲǳţŵĿ飬شţ
Ҫľǳǧεϰ͵ľһ仰Ǿɡ
Ψڲϵ֮£ܹͷӳ
ԣҲǿʼǵȿĶǾһһΣϵش飬ȥſͼǽһĨͻƵף޵󻯡
ֻҪ˱ҪʱôһȻҲˮɣ˳
ֻϹ޼ɣڰϢһ֮ҪѰҷƣȴǷ֣ߣϢȴһ״̬ҲǾ㵲ѡ
Ҳһﲻ˰ɣϹ޼΢εصһﲻʾ˶ʱ޿̶ܹ״̬֮Уһȷϲ硣
ǵġֻӺԣҲεصһҲвСѹɡ
ȷֻͬ˵縺ѹһֱǲСӵ壬ػ壬ǹʱģһ֮ʱǿߡ
ףһֵģ֮ǻδ䣬ȴӵų޷ԣһˣ
û˸һα׵Ķ֣һֻͬʣҲд󣬱ϾԼҪԵģ˵׼һЩʲôļһ磬ˣ졣
ҲǣһҪôǿߣӵеʲôƵĻ»ΪѡϹ޼Ҳʼ
ǻôֻЦŵȻôֵһֵܹٸǶٸ
ûٺôҲأСҪȢȵʥŮҲԹۡϹ޼ɹһЦ֮ǳս⣬ΪģֻҪѰҸǿĶս
Ϲ޼ɾһսˣһû˵ֻҪսԽǿĶ֣Խܹս֮ģ
ˣˣҲ߰ɣȥֻЦЦ֮ҲغһƶŬôʲôǿ͵
о仰ԱҸ츳ǾԲǱҸŬ
Ȼһ仰ڷֵ쾡£ȻԱҸãӵеԴԱҸ࣬ǾԲҸӵؿ̿࣬ҲԶԶûзƶ࣡
ڷƶԣ飬ǾԵ֮ʽͻƣΨʱ˵ǱŻǱƳӵ£ƽʱ޷顣
£Ϲ޼ֻˣҲǽ˸Ե״̬֮УǶԣŷƲͬǣŻľ硣
ǿԸس𣬶ɾһǿߣ統УǿȴǿΨǳɾ͵𣬲ǻ֣ᷢԼվ˸Ӳĵز
еķƣȻҲûвֻϹ޼ۣʱѾһһεĽϰſûκεͣ١
ʮΣٴΣǧΣ
һʱȥˣԼ޷˵ԼǴ˶ٴοȴǱøӵޱȣϧǣԼͻƵһָоȴģɲ׽
غһǲͣ٣֪Լʱ䲢࣬Ҳǲ˷κεʱ䣬ΨһܹģǾǰѿأ
ڶʱǿΨһ취ҲΨܹα֮Ц
ɲΪԼܹƾһЩܹڱ֮лʤҪ֪һαϿɵˣȴʮ߸ˣ
ʮ߸ˣһǸźܴǵȷӵž˵ΪȻûа취Ͽɵģǿ󣬵ȴԴ
ԣֻǲϵرǿøǿΪʸ˫ڵһαʧܵĻǻʸ˫Ƿƣ϶޷֣ǵʱᷢʲô飬Լǲ
ˣҪǿ


2750 ˴
ٶǾһһҹĲڵ鲻ϵţʶҪѨϡ
һɹµĲϵ
ѾԼزԼҪѾǱüԴһ֣ҪľֻҪһʱֻ̣ҪʱˣôĿܹ˵Ĳ㡣
ƺʱǲܹκεϾôҪĹͷһ˿Ҳǵ£һ˿Լʧ
ˣʱҪ׼ſ˶һֿľ統УѾʶؿʼϵתſ
һΣΣΡ
ƶԼѾǳ˶ٴΣȻһ˲䣬Ҳһĳʱ䣬֮УѾǷԼǰһš
ǽŵģʱѾԼ¶ЩâƺֻҪԼȥƿһžͻΪԼ򿪡
غһҪǰȥƿһţΪܹǽ˵ĵأ
Ȼʱ䶸Ȼطˡ
ͻȻһֲָоΣ֮ǰס
׵ͻȻ֣õ÷Ƶľ˲ǱˣʱǰһţҲֱӵʧһӱõ˶Ǳŭ
ͻƵĻԵǳǰȴΣյ׸Ūûˣ⻻˭˭ﲻˬ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ҳǻ˫ղֻǳԺһĻѣʱѾ˹ǵͻƵѾǳ׵ʧˡ
̾һ˵ʧǼٵģһδͻƵһξͲ֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬶ʱҲ΢΢̧ͷ˫ɨһܡ
ղӰͻƵΣףԲԵ޹ʵس֣Ҳ˵Ա߿϶ˣȻԼġ
΢΢ر˫ʱȥͻȻΣףƺѾ޷׽ˣǷȴûΪԵ޹ʾͻֵģȻ϶Ρ
۵¥֮ڣÿ˵ķ䶼һĿռ䣬Ѱ˸ûа취ղ֮ԳǵΣյף˵ţԼķ丽߾֮ⷿڣڿԼ
ԼֱһֱŲɣҲ΢΢˼ɨӶܣԼڵķ䣬Ȼһ糣ûκĲ˵ǲܹԼķ䡣
Σյĸоղظоˡ
ռ䡭
ͻȻ૵ҲԺ֮һ⣬ԷҲóÿռ֮ĻͲκεй¶
ôֻҪԼѯһܵĿռ䣬ǷŲĲǾˡ
뷨ҲǿʼͷųԼʶܵĿռͼѰҳԾĵط
Ƭ֮ȻصɴԼ˫ĳһռ䣬֮ҲǳЩ⣬ɣزصģʲôֶΡ
ڲѯһ֮󣬱ûκηֵģҲΪžòԾΪ۵¥ķ䣬ھһԶĿռ䣬ֿռĲһ㲻̫ƽ
ȻԼղŲѯ֮£ȴǷ֣ܵĿռ䲨ޱȣе㷴ˣûв´Ļ˿ռ֮Уǲ˿ռ֮ȹһƬռĲ
Ƶ£ȴûа㷴Ӧķ䣬һƬžޱȣҲ΢΢üͷԼơ
֮Уռ䶸ȻŤһεĿռ֮ʱš
۶Ŀռ֮Ҳ˲ؽһƬռУʱһƬռףܹ֪һƬռһУ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ƶ˫ҲǶȻͷųһâ΢΢ص㣿
֮󣬷ڵȻرǿϢϯһƬռ䣬˲佫һƬռֱӵرŤ
Ӵ
Ȼʱһİֱӵش޵Ŀռ洫ƺһŮġ
Ҳ΢΢üͷôǸŮģôԼķ䣬˵۵¥ķ䣬ÿ˶Ŷصӡǲܹġ
Ƭ֮һɫٻӰȻҲǴԭһĿռ֮Ծ˳ȴΪǱֶθӲرƳ
һ㣬ƺǳϣڳ֮Ҳһ㵵ؿŷơ


2751 ˭
ȻԿҵλãٻӰڳ֮Ҳһؾ֮ɫŷƣƺоܲ˼顣
˵ԼֶΣ޷õƲһѣȻͣʵȡ
Ȼе죬ǰŪռ֮еŪ˼ˡҡҡͷҲ¶һΪȻɫ
ŮӣȻ֪˭ȻӦǶԼûж⣬ȻҲ¶̬
ҲǾͨռ֮ˣѹ֡ŮҲһػȻɫ÷ƿеЦá
ΪԷ˭ҲóȻطԼղĹ֮󣬱Ȼĳ֣ԼʶزһΣյףӶ˽
˭Ƶɫ𽥵ػӶǿǰŮӣҲԼе²⣬ŮƺǸŹϵ
֮£۵¥ķ䣬൱һĿռ䣬ȵطǿشδҲ̫Ϸˡ
ΨһĽͣǾŮӣӵŶصţԲ֪ͨЩռƣӶ뵽ķ䣬Ȼܹ֪ЩģΨȵˡ
ٲãҲ۵¥ĸ߲㣬Ůӵݣǲ˵Ҳܹ²⵽һ
ŮҲ΢΢һЦ¶һֵƤɫŷЦ²£
ò¶ܹ뵽ˣҪôȵˣҪô۵¥ˣȻȻһʼҲǲĪɣŻʸ˫ʲôϵ

ŮӵɴԼ˫ۣһܾȵɫŷƣǵǿһһ㡣
û˫ҵʦ㡣
ŮҲͷԽ˪
ʸ˪
΢΢һ㶣Ůӵݣǲ²߰˰ˣȻû뵽Ȼ˫ʦã˪ֵҲͦġ
Եģ־˪ŮΪص´һ·ƣЦеصȻŵֲʦ֡
ûʸ˪˵ҲǶȻһůԺ֮вɵǸ˻ʸ˫òҲ¶ЦݣʵΣ
ͦõģƺҪ׼ͻˣͨһչءʸ˪Ҳʼ
ͻˣƲɵһ㶣ҲǰԵ˵ͷʸ˫ʣǲԼ϶٣ǵõĴУͻƵҲˮɵ顣
ţûڿǼΪˣıǿżʸ˪ҲΪεص
ʣƺҲ֮¡ЦЦҲǿһۻʸ˪Ͳ󣬲ȴǴڼҪͻıԵˡ
ҲǿԿóͷĵ̣еһνǷǳؿ¡
ǵǣҪΪĴڡʸ˪Ըͬʸ˫һ棬ͬΪʦţԸȴǽȻͬ
ˣ˵ɣһңʲô顣ҲЦЦҲһɵصȻһҲΪʸ˪ĳ֣ԼʧȥˣҲû̫⡣
Щ鲻ǿҲǿʼ²⣬ʸ˪ĳ֣ǲԼʲô顣
Ҳûʲô飬Ҫʦÿ춼ŵ֣һʲôӵˡʸ˪ʼ㵹Ҳʦ㡣
ƲеЦãΪ£һûˣ⵹еΰ
Ȼأʸ˪˷һۣ˳㱾ҲǸѣһεıףǧҪӣĻ㽫ʦûκοԡ
Ŷƺ֪Щʲôǰһƺ֮⡣
ҾǸôһ˵Ҫעмˣ⼸ΪǿĶ֡ʸ˪Ҳʼ˲ķϣҾ͸ɡ
ޣļƶʱҲȤЩܹ֪Ҳ벻һͷˮʱԼĶ˭֪
һȵʥӣһ
һ˵˫Ĵӡ
ΪصһҲˣ˵ػһģҲ
ʸ˪ͣһ£ҲǰԼ֪ĸ˵˳֮ǰҲ˵Ƶ飬ԣǸ棬Ψо
ȵʥӣ˫Ĵӣػһĵӡ
˵ͷǲΪ϶Ǿޱȡ


2752 ǿ
ػһĵôҲǲ뵽ҲԼĺԣ˵ػһ岻ӦԶ쳾ô
ΪͷսԭػһҪǵȸ쳾̬ȣȻǲôܵġʸ˪Ҳʼ˵һβǳȻ˳μӱ׶ѡ
˳㡭
Ʋͷе󣬻ʸ˪˵ˣɶһˣһػһĳĵӣһȱʥӡ
һ˫ĵӣƾԼǰʶһˡ
ҲΪɵ΢΢س˼һҲʵô
˫״ӣҲǲʸ˪ҲǳΨһܹľǣȵʥӡ
ȵʥӣ
¶һ㵵ɫȻ֪ʸ˫ȵʥŮǶʥӣԼȴǴδ˵ǷǰҲδŹ½ֹôһ
ţûҲҵʦ֣ױͨĽ̵֮УһֱδһҲΪսԵʣʽس˵ǰ
㲻Ҫңڻʸ˫˼ƿŻʸ˪¶ȹЦݣʱҲһĨͷ
ϲ㣬¶ˡʸ˪Ƶһڶԣʵױʶҵʦ㣬ֻʱѾǴʥˣʦȴδǡ
˵ΪܹʦӭȢţǲϧʥӵĵλ
Żʸ˪˵ƶʱͷˣڿȻԼδŶŵóԷ϶Ƿ֮
һ£ԷױǸͨУһ˿ԵõģһͷһλĽ̵֮£Ҳһͷڲͬˡ
ȻҲǴһѣȻô΢΢ز²һ£ҲǳǸ˵˵ʥӵ顣
ٺ٣ôʸ˪ҲǵƤһЦ֪Լ㿪Цǲġ
Ͻ˵¡ư˻ʸ˪һۣкôֻ֪֪ˣܹսʤǲˣԼϣ֮Ϸš
˼ĵϸ෴˵ȻҲǿͨһЩԼҪ֪飬һαףƲǳκε⡣
յĹھȻֻ
ʸףʵ飬Ҳǲ̫Ͼһʱ򣬾Ѿǰ֮ʣȥˣΪǽչһʲôľ磬Ҳ˵
ʵʸ˪֪Ҳǲ࣬ϾʸףΪͨСǿʼĵӣҲûж֪˵ڲˡ
ĴڣֻһЩԱܹ֪Ҿǻʸ˪ԼҲûа취Ǽλײβʦ֡
ֻҪͻǾͿˡԣҲǳ˼һҲЦŵֻҪԼԵĲôǸ޾塣
ϣϣ죬ʲر죬ԼƣֻҪԷ𼶱ĴڣôҲûκεļɵ
ǵڣҼǵһμʱԼԼƺѾǴıԵ֮ҲǷѾǳɹؿһʸ˪Ϊεصܹ˵ģҲôˡ
ܲǻø߷ƻʸ׵ʲôʲôЩģЩȵ˶ԣѾǱȡ
ԣ»ʸ˪ܹ˵ģ࣬ھǸ˷ƣľ棬ôܹӵļһ
λô
΢΢˼ţλӦҲǲֹҲưֻ̤ڣһûа취򿪶ѡƺط
Ȼʸ˪ûҲ뵽һЩʲô
𾳣׶ȡģжˣһҲֻͣڴۣ֮ϣûа취ѰҵҪ
ңڶԣû˱ȷƸӵϤ飬ҪøǿǾ͵óܸࡣ
ȻѾǽǽкԶһξ룬ǸоͬȼԼһ޵еĴڡ
²޵УҲܹڲ𣬼ɡ
Ե뵽һôһ㣬ҲǻһֻҪôҲǲôġ
ˣںģԼɣˣȻ֪ٶе鷳


2753 ǿ
ţУǼչأȻʱҲˣ»ϱø˸ˡ
ʼ棬ҲΪɵص
ȻûмʶǸνʥӣǴӻʸ˪˵ģҲе˵ļɵܹͨ˿صˣǲȥ
ţҲǹƶѣҲøˡʸ˪Ҳǰ˰֣Ҫ뿪Ҳ֪Ϊ˵һ仰
ʸףƺǺֻʽ֡
˵һ仰֮󣬻ʸ˪ٶϢ뿪ȴ÷ƻȻԼ
ǻʸ׵飬Լݣ޷˵ֻ֪ĻǾͲһˡ
ôһͷҲʱû˼ͷ߳Լķ䣬ҪȥѰֻʣȴǸպþֻߡ
ֻʣãмҪ˽һ¡Ҳ˿ţֻĻôҲǱȻ˵Ϊɵʲô˵
ţҿŬرչأҺ޼˶ǿҪˣҲ׼űչأ˵ɣʲô¡ֻҲǹһЦ
һαչأƺǺüˣ벻ףչصĴƺеƵˡ
ʶʸôֱӵؿżɽʵ
Żʸ£ֻʵɫҲ˲ˣ·Ʊǲ˾ȣȻֻʶ¶ɫĪʸףʲô˵飿
ô֪ĴڣֻʵҲ΢΢ر࣬Ȼ֪ĻôҲ֪ݣȵĵʥӣͨ״ӡ
ţҾҪ£˵Ϊ֮Σ΢΢һЦһѾǴӻʸ˪ĵóˣҪ֪Ϊϸһ㡣
һǳµˣңҲûκεذա
ڷƵϣһֻȷʵҡͷЦҪңһαô
ֻȻҲɵӣҲǺֱӵؿĹؼʱûж֪⣬Ȼһεıйϵ
ûҴŵ֪ʮ߸˵޳һ֮󣬻λǶ˵һǳǿĶ֡
ƻصҲǰԼ֪˵˳ֻʵȻҲû׷ʣô֪Щġ
һʸôֻҲӺԣеصǸһôҲμԼʦõıˣͨ𻹴Ӧˡ
ţһǸ˫ͽܣһûв´ĻǾػһĵӡ
ʼ򣬵˵Ŀûа
ôһ˵ĻҲˡֻغһǰһ֮ԵڸԳǰһ
ǰҲʱȤɵ׷ʵǽΣ
ŷô˵ֻʵ¾ǿЦãƺ²׵ģƬ֮Ǽѵصһлҡ
ֻʵĻش𣬿ɫƺǲЦ
£жʱǽʸ׵ļɵ̶ȣٶ˲١
㵱ʲô磿ҲʵͼͨѯʣԶڻʸһЩΪ̵֪
ʲôΪ磬˶ʥ۷壬ֻһ֮ǰΪԶԶֹЩ
˵һлٽ֣Ҫһô
·Ҳ֪ʸףƺĲʲôֻ֮ɫ˵ؿš
ҪٸǸ̬һΣɱҰɡֻʵҲǷ˷۵
ֻʵϾܾȻҲǳ˷ƵĹƣ֮£ʱôֻ꣬ǲʸ档
ֻԼˡҲʼȻֻʵɫʸףƺһǿߣڱ˴˶ֻܷʥ׵ǰᣬȻһӵؾֱӵذֻʸһ
һϷǸոտʼƿ϶ͲǾʹ˷ȻһҪԵ˶СȻҲǱġ
ԸĻ˵ſԣǲԸǸˡֻʷ˷۵
ǱһзŵôôȥˣءƵҲһŵعƣҲࡣ
Ȼʸף϶ԶԸҲûа취Σ󣬻ǿٳӣԼֶΣ޷Ц


2754 
㻹˵¿Ҷȫûа취õоԼΪಢ󣬵ȴɱܡֻʼȻ¶˵ϣҲǹȥˡ
ô˵ĻʸףҲе㼬ˡ°͵ȻǶǰ飬ֻʣûǿһʸδҲǽչ֮졣
ֻҪδͻƵôһս֮
аɣʱˣҵǼһˣλʸǼһҲǲμӣɲˡֻʱ˱죬Ҳ赭дص
ȴǷˣֻʵƺǷ˱仯øӵ
Ȼֻƺǿͷ˵ģŻʸ׽֣˭ϣȻҲǲʹ˰ݣǰһбܣȻֻ˵һ̵ӡԵĻҪûٶȽ
Ƶ˵ͷҲɵصȥɣתתҲչ㳤ʱ䣬Ϣһ¡
ֻһЦҲûж˵ʲôֱӵػصԼķ֮УϹ޼ɣƿһڵķ䣬ƺҲΪϢȻǿʼ
ֻʵȥҲʼת˳ȥ
ûд뿪۵¥۵¥֮һ£һʱ񾭣ԴԼٶ۷磬һֱûжϹѵеʱ䣬˵Ҳǲɶá
۵¥֮УҲڵģʱʱͣһ£ۿ۵¥еò˵۵¥ǵ̤¥Ҳ֮ͬ
룬Լ۵¥֮ˣΪûһģҲڴ۾֮ϣҲģ󲿷ֶ
۵¥֮еһĴĻ԰ﻨҲһΪ֮أҲһؿ˲Զһͤ΢΢Ѱ˼ҲǴȥϢһ
ȻԽӽ֮ͤʣ߱ǶȻشһĵĵΪ΢÷߽֮ҲԽԽ߰
ʱСˮʱɽҲΪζ
Ʋɵ֮ͤǰͣ˽Ųʱǰһڴŵӣ˿ûвƵĵ
רעҲûдŶԷˣ㾲վԭأǾ
ߵͲϣ𽥵ķҲ΢΢ر˫֮ӿֳһǰδеֵ֮Уƺһӷ
ûκε㻷֮£öĵȷҲò˵һ¡
Ȼ֮£ڷƶԣоһӾǰܵƺ˲ʧˣʣµֻöĵ
һ˵ŷ˷֮ĿҲһӵתһĪĹתš
Ȼһȴ˿֪飬ƺĳֵ״̬ڵ飬תĹ켣ȴǡǡǿҪѨϣ
ȻȻǲʱڵȴű˲
ŷֵ״̬֮Уһȴ΢΢˫վԼǰķƣҲûж˵ʲôƬ֮Ҳǲʲô֮¶һֵɫ
ӣӦǲ˷ڵתţ飬΢е㳣ʶģܹ֪϶ĳͻƵס
Ȼ⣬һ˼֮ˣһͣĵ÷ƴ״̬֮˳ɥʧͻƵĻᣬеĻǻӰ쵽Ƶı
Ȼȴûɻһ֮ҲٶȱԼ˫ĵȷһֱûֹͣǱһƽ
״̬֮£һ˶࣬ȴԱĳ״̬Уڼ䣬Ҳûκ˳ƻ
֪˶ãҲһ˲䣬Ҳһ̣ڷƶԣڻع֮ʣȴǷԼڵϢȻطת䡣
ƺƺؿѾǱԼͻˣ
ŵ֮Ŀ¹λƻػعҲ˲˹ԼղƺǽĳͻƵ״̬֮УȻڲ֪֮ͻƣ
µ飬Ҳ÷ƱÿЦãԼȻͻƣ˳شﵽ˿ĵأҪ֪ԼʱĲͣΪľ㣬Ȼչһ񣬵Ҳûоʲôϧ˭֪֮¡


2755 ػһ
ʱı仯ڻعˣҲǸ̾ţ޳ȻͬʱҲȻֹʱ򣬷ƲԼԱߣǻˡ
ʱ򣬷Ҳһ㶣Ǹ̾ԼӲûд֮ģȻղԼǵ״̬ԻǱ׵ķֻ֣ҪԷеһͷԼͿ˵Ǹ޷ͻơ
ͻˣ
ʱҲǷеĵӣһЦؿŷƣΪ˲һΡ
´һǰӣҲǵ˵ͷλ̨лˡ
л˵ĺܶԣΪǶԷԼҲǸ޷״̬ңǽ״̬ڽͻ֮ʣԷҲǵûһ㣬ǻˣ˵׼Щ֮ġ
ްͻƣҲĻԵһһݣŸԵĻԵӵصƺ˵ʲô顣
̨ľ·ƣ֮´
΢΢һ㶣֮ᣬȴ͸µɮһ㣬ľһģҲϲ硣
ľֶ£˵ľһ˵Խ࣬ľͻԽá
Ƿƣ
£˷Ƶ֮ȻҲһ㶣ƺǶǰ֮˾ǷƣоΪȡ
ţ֪ңƵҲǾȣԼûмǰӣԷƺǶԼϤһ㣬ⲻɵһ㶡
㲻ʶңܿʶˡɷӿǷƣҲǲɵ¶ЩЦһ£ҵ

΢΢һ㶣Եñе֣Լȫû˵֣Ҳ΢΢һЦ֣ղ֮£Ƕлˡ
˵ͷЦ֮䣬ҲΪһ˿ԨԴһ£֡
ԨԴ΢΢һ£ҲѿڶʵʦԺδ
ҲеɻصģҲǲԼ֪һЩһΣҲûʲôɡ
ػһ塣ص
峤㣬ҼǵáЦŵ±صԼݡ
ԭػһġ·ɫҲ΢΢ر࣬ϾػһͷɲСҲǻعˣػһˣ
ƽʱػһ˶ǲģʲô·Ļػһĵӣ׵س˵ߵУȻͻȻؼǵãǰûʸ˪ԣвˣһǳػһ塣
ȻǰȷǱԼػһ壬ôܴܣԼ˴ҪԵ֮һһ
ԭ֡Ƶɫػһ壬ͷΪصĴڣǲ˿ӣղŵıѾøӵˡ
ƾһֵܹԼĳͻƵľ統УȻƱҲкܴĹϵò˵Ҳ˲Сá
μӱ׵ģ
·ƱֱӵؿżɽԷǵĻôԼиˡ
˴γΪףҲҪ䶼һЩʲôܡ˵ͷҲû˿
ԣҲһҲ˹Ϊ˻ʸ˫ֻΪҪʶһ£һǿ߶ѡ
£˵ˣģһҲӭȢʸ˫ģԾˣҲҪʲôɵһЦƺǴӷƵĿ˵ʲô
ȴһţΪҲһĳ̶ȣΪԼƺǿ͸ǰƺԷҲһطϢ
ҷȻǲ壬Ȼ˵ˣҵҲΪġ΢΢ЦȻǲˣԷȻţҲǲ
ֻҪû¹
Ǿͺãԯ峤ƺܿ㣬Ҳǿ㵽ʲô͡΢΢ƫһԴһ·Ƶϣ㲻ʧ
ȻᡣҲǵЦеˣܵ˵˻ԣϾôҲػһĵӣţҲΪ棬Ϊʱ
ţǾ˰ɣ̨֮˵ͷƺƵĻش⣬Ҳתȥ
ȥıӰӵЦ΢΢аһһԶԸĴڡ


2756 ׿ʼˣ
֮󣬶Լв֮УԼѾǸˣ˶ڷƶԣߡ
ǺߣػһˣƺԵøΪء
ػһ壬ǱͷصĴڣ壬û˼ʶĵ̣Ե·ƶͻʸף˲Ϊɵġ
Ȼʦ˫𣬵ǶڷƶԣƺԶԶûǰ˸Ӿв
ңԼʱѾ˶ԿĵͻƣҲ˵ԼĶȻѾǾıһƣΪֶΡ
δıĻʸףֻҪûͻƵ𾳣ôƾģܹȫƾԼһֿѹ棡
󣬷Ҳת뿪Ѿǲ֪֮еͻƣҲû̫ĵǣϾ޷ڶʱټȥͻƵء
δе㲻ʵĿǰԣأѾǺѵˣڵأֻԺ󿴻Եˣ޷ǿ
֮һʱ棬Ƽÿ춼յ۵¥֮洦߶Ҳû߳ȥֻϹ޼Ҳ˸ԵıչصС
ڵ죬ֻϹ޼سˣƿɫвɵҲ΢΢һЦƺһεıչصУҲŲСջ
Ѿһż
΢΢ЦţǰֻʣںߵϢҲǸе죬Ŷ̶̼죬ֻ˾ɱһ㣬һָƮݵĸо
һ㣬ҲԶˡ
ֻʵЦش˿˵żȻͻƵ֮żһ㲻ò˵ֻʵҲʮֵؾˣȻҲǲǵȾ統С
Ϲ޼ɣȴûôѸ٣⼸ƺɳŸ̵ʶȻҲûж׷ȻΪһ㣬Ƕԣɳߵıȫֲһ㡣
ǾͿˡʼҲǳЦŵǱ׿ʼˣȥְɡ
ţ˵ֱϿɵѡ֣ҪֱӲôϹ޼һʱ֮ûзӦҲǲʵ
Ȼô˵㲻ܷϵǣϣȴԶšƽ͵˵һεѡУǻһЩҵȶ˼ɵĽɫ
ôôˣӦòĬĬİɡϹ޼ɽŽɵص
ֻһۣҲЦҡҡͷ磬ȤǣԶԼһ̻ʲôˣǿƣҲ˵ȷһεѡ棬ͻȻسһƥ
Ȼ㶼ô˵ˣǾ߰ɡֻҲʼ򣬷Ϲ޼ѾˣôǳȥһҲ޷
ţǾ߰ɡƵ˵ͷԱߵϹ޼Ҳʼ򣬷ֻʶô˵ˣôȻҲûκηĻᣬҲȫȥһȦ
˱߳۵¥Ȼڳȥ۵¥֮󣬷Ƶ˸оǣһֿǰ֮Уƺǰű׵Ŀʼǵյһٽ㡣
洦ɼǿߣĳϵسǣƵȻҲǸ𽥵һα׵ľٰ֮أ
Ҳǵǵģ̨
̨ǵĵһΪ֮أһ޴ı̨˵֮ʣΪµʢϰ֮磬Խôһ޴̨
𽥺̨ҲΪ˵ǵһصĴڣƽʱڵ֮УһʲôĦˣ˵˶Թֱӵرȥֳ̨ʤصǣ̨ս
ԣ̨и֣Ϊ̨
˴ΣΪ̫¡ˣǱҲǾԾǰѱ׾ٰĵص㣬̨
һ޴̨¸μӱףٻȥĵط
Բۣ˿ࡣϹ޼ڴϣŵӰҲǾȵص
ǿǣ˵һαף˵ĲμӡֻԱʼɱСϱǵ˵Ϊһսء
ҿৣС㡣΢΢һЦôˣ˵ǲȣҲǲܵģпûжη֮⣬ܹʸսģʸ


2757 غ
ǿѾʼˡϹ޼Ҳǿˣ̨֮ϣѾŲٵطʼ֮ĶԾò˵̨ĺܴ
̨֮ϣһǻС򣬶ÿһһȵĵΪУ֮⣬ͨȻ䵽һս
̺ܼ򵥣ѶָŵȻܹһغϡ
ƶȣò˵Ϊ֮Уѡǿߣһ£ΪҪѹȺ֮⣬Ҫַս
һ£ͬ״֮£ҪϵԸʽĶ֣ǲϵսʽڲ˵ȻҲһǳսԵ顣
ţͦģ캣ѡˣɶΪ̭һˣҲûжĿͷֻʿ˼֮ȻҲǸеȻȤ
̨ģ󲿷ֶʥҵļֻһǴ۾ĴڣȻǿ˵ּս˿ûκ塣
ɲǣҾǻǻȥɡϹ޼ɲɵǴһǷΪĵص
ֻԣҲǵ˵ͷּսɻ᲻Ȥ
˵ˣҲǳ⡣ƵߣһֱĳһطҲע⵽ֻϹ޼˵ĶԻ²ɵҲ΢΢һЦǿǸˡ
£ֻϹ޼Ҳһۣ˳ŷƵȥ̨һԵ䣬һں֮µߣһóĴۡ
۾ôҲһ㡣Ϲ޼ɵ±صʲôʵĵطֵע⡣
ǸеŹ֡ȻʱֻѾǿЩԾŵȻûǸóĴϣ˶һˡ
ţҲע⵽ˣӸղע⵽ʼѾʤˣÿζֻһУĶ˭һ¡Ƶص֮Ҳǲɵ¶ЩȤɫ
ˣһֺصĸоƫƫ޷ԷϢʲôԾĵط
ҿ͸ʱֻʵɫѾǱ࣬˵־Ĵڣ˭ԼӦöܹһۿ˲򵥣ȿŰɡ΢΢һЦҲûֱ̫࣬ӵعעһ˵ս
һΣ֮ǰһģһһн֡
ԷһۣȻλۣȴǱһɽȻԿóˣǼ֮
˼û뵽ôҲܹһصôļһֻҲ¶˼ΪȤɫӸղŶԷ֪ԷȻѰˡ
ȻӵȾ˵Ϊ˵ҲǲӦñΪڶѡ֮һ㷱ҪμӸӵĺѡ
ʤȫһƵСƻص˵ĳ֣һ£ü۲ȥԼܹϲջ
Ȼڽ˱ǿʼעصĺˣֽսԵ˭õҲһУ
һ֮£ܶʲôģ޷Ǽսȥ
ʤʤʮһʤʮʤ
ܿģʮʤʱҲע⵽սһʮɵһ֮أǰ˼ۣ
˶ǿʼˣصĺˣȻӵȾ˵ʵ
һع۲ŶԷҲԽԽȣԷƺһֱţԼ˹ۿôãѹûа취Էĵϸ
˲򵥡ֻʾþ֮󣬲ɫصص
ģôðôһ̬Ϲ޼ɴʱҲ֮ǰḡȻҲʶذǸ˵ԼͬȼĶֿ
죬һΣҪǲֹʮ߸ˡƸ̾һ־鷢չԷ϶ޱȵؽĶԾС
ԭʮ˵ĶԾʱȴӦһ
ţԣСʱϹ޼ȴΪȵصΪһεĶһλۣȴǶС
߰ɣûбҪٿȥˣȥҲûжô
ȴǶȻתͷҲصص
ţΪʲôôϹ޼еԴ
ʲôأԷȻҲ֪Լе̫עĿˣʼˣȥҲûκã֪˲򵥾ˡֻҲûؽ͵
ʵȷˣǸҲǿʼԼķâûһ֮صǵȾâˡ


2758 ˵ķ
ź˿ʼԼȵķâôƵȻҲûмȥȤˣԵ֪ǣˣǲ򵥡
ܹԴ۾ĴڣҲܹһƵУ˵ȥҲò𾪡
һμǺѡҲܹٵĺϹ޼س̾ҲΪȣһˣûв´ĻΪӦǲ֮¡
Լ۲ȥģԷƺǲˣ±ԼķâƵȻҲûа취Թ۲ΪȷǣǶʮȴǲˡ
ô˵ģһκѡܹˣֻʲɵǵ˵ͷ֮ҲǴһĽһʵѪҺȴڣҪֻ࣬ҪѾ׬ˡ
Աߣ΢΢һЦҲҡͷ˵ȻǺǿҲΪһ㣬ǲ׵ؼȡ
ŷôһ仰ֻʵҲǻعһȴҲŵøղǸ˵ȻһϹһ˻ûа취̳ĵӡ
ȴڣҪ׵ؼȣ²һ׵顣
⵹ҲǣһĻе㷸ֻе㲻ˣҲǵȴڣ⼸˵Ҳеˡ
仰ͦȷȻһβμӺѡģˣˣ׼ĴڣǵΪ󣬱Ȼǿɵؽ뵽ѡ
Ҳ˵Ƶ˻棬һĻƵĶ֣ɾͲֹʮ߸ˡ
ǶȻС⼸һǷκ⣬Ƕ÷ƵԼֵľ档
֮£Ҫǣֻǰѳǰĵˣһһؾȵڽ£
ʸ˫Ůˣǲܹؿ޸ˣһ㲻ǻʸ˫޷ܵġ
󣬷ƵҲǼΧ̨йۿȴһ˱ֳ֮⣬൹Ҳʱûзõעˡ
ǵĶˡϹ޼ڹۿһȦ֮ҲǾûɫ֮󣬲ɵ΢΢һ
Ǹˣѻ졣ʱֻʲɵһԼĶͷָĳһ㻹Ǳ˵ˣһ˵ı֡
£ͬƵ߶̲ס˹ȥӳһ꣬һѳĽâϵ͸Ķ֣ȷĽǰ˿ûмܵ
ⱾȴһѰıԣǺܿأϹ޼ɵɫǱýǸʹöĽƣࡣ
⡭ꡭһϻ⡣
Ƭ֮Ϲ޼Ҳ͵ȻǿеһЩŵ
ֻҲǵ̾һһͬŷƣļΪֵܣʾҪĶ֣Ǹеܴѹ
ƴʱ΢΢üͷһȴǿʲôŵΪֻϹ޼ˣȴ˵ؽ
㿴Ψýģܹ֪Ǹ˹ĺܣһֱԼʵĽ֮䣬ֵϢ֪ԼôĶǲ֪
ֻʼ±Ҳǽ͵
£Ȼе㲻ţһ˵սȴѾǽˣеĳͣ˶ֵĲ֮һսѾûκˡ
ֵһûУ
Ϲ޼ָĶ֣СԼôĶǲ֪
ȷʱӵĶ棬һߣǴ۾ʱȴһ㵵ɫ㶵ؿԼĳ͸ıâ˿춯
ȴǸԼôˣ
㡭ף
һ۾ĴҲһͨķâȴʲôֻ˵˵
ҵĽһˣˣûʲô˵ġ
ȴǵصջԼĳʣˮûаͣ٣ƺתҪȥǲԼĶ֡
ܣôң۾ǿҲǷŭѣԷĳ𣬵УҲǱһĨ֮ɫ
ȻһԾֱӵرǳ֣ȻϮ˰꣡
һĻ̫ͻȻˣûעõ´òлعȴΪʱˣϾȵĵӣҲܸģ¿ôһĻȻҲԭأ֪
һЩСֶԻңƾҲӮңܣ۾ĴڣҲŭ˱һԾƼΪض
ֻʵ˴ʱҲע⵽ˣһۣûгֵ˼ΪǾãǸ͵ĻôȻҲǲҪǡ
ȻڶԷĳ͵Ϯ֮£ǰתûתǺһһ˵ĽâٶǱĻһĻ
ҵĽһͬһʩչΣǾͱȻҪѪ
һ˲飬ǰҪƵӣȻرֱӵӲͣٶһֹƲ
ʱߵҲ˵ע⣬ƺǳˡ
ͨ
һ죬һ͵ϮĴ۾ǿߵ˲ǵزĲֳ֮һѪߣ˫֮еɣѾ𽥵ʧˡ
һ֮£նɱһ۾ǿߣ
⶯ֵḶ́ȴ˷Ƶȼܹ֮⣬ûܹһж죡
ˣ
Ȼˣ
Ҳǲϵһƺһ۾ĴڣҲ˲ٵĻҡ
һ˵ȵӣʱȷסԭأ֪֮£δ
ȻȴǵصҲˣ͵Ϯңҷѡ
ʱҲһ߸ڳ֮󣬿ǵصʬ壬ҲüͷѯһҲǵ˵ͷµȷ޹أμһֱ
˵Ҳǵ˵ͷٶԼĳȥ̨һߣȻ֮Щ˶ʶԶóһͨ
ڱܿһɱһ㡣
ĽΪɱ˶ڡգֻʲǻصڿǿˣ˵ĽʣֻΪɱ¾
Ҳһаͷۣɱ¾֮Ľ֣ҿͷ۵ĺܡϹ޼ҲһԹصȻͨΪ֮ˣȻܹԷĿ֮
ƳĬȷʵؿһһӰѾǽ࣬ͬϹ޼ɵɲһʡ͵ĵư


2759 ʸ
ӣƵһۣҲҡҡͷôȥĻܹ֮Уܹɳٵĺ
ȻǰİӣǰĺӣȴڣɶɲΪǷƣҲ˵žԵİܹѹƶԷ
ڿһα׿ǳ׵ˡֻʼһεıףȻõò˶ǳ˵ǰԭֻĬĬĴ䣬ΪһεȴǸǻᡣ
ңҲһνӢۣʷȻһЩ޵ţɢǵĹʡ
һεսҲһӢ۱ʱҲǸ̾һ䣬ʱѾûȤڹۿȥˣһεĺѡҲžܹ
Ҳ˵֮ʸվ̨֮ϵģŻǿߣ
ǸʱȻƵҲһ𣬲̨սţĿֻһҪôΪ˱˹飬Ҫô֤ǵĴڡ
Ǹʱ򣬰ƵڵĶʮǿߣź⺣ѡ֮гĺչΪ𾪵һ档
߰ɣȥɣֻҪ֮Ǿͻ֪ܹ⺣ѡ֮нǿ߶˭ˡҲ΢΢Ƴһ̨Ҳ⡣
ֻϹ޼һۣҲǵ˵ͷ˱ǾֱȥȻȷûзֵǣ̨֮ϣһͷڵĽ꣬ȴһֱעǡ
ףǸ˾Ƿˡ
ڽߣԼĪһҲһעŷƵȥһҲǻؿڵ
ţǷơ
ƺΪʸ׵Ҳǵ˵ͷͷڣۣȻ֤ݼΪ󣬶Ͷ֮䣬һֻ֮
ʸףȴûгеʥӣһֱ˶֪һɫʥŮ˶Ϊ֮Ļʸ˫
Ȼȴǲ뵽ڻʸ˫֮󣬻һΪɫʥӣǾǻʸף
˼Ҳǲ֪ôģ˫ôش䣬ȻҪŪʲôףһҲʼеƵص
֪˰ɣʥŮҪǸֻʣȴΪƵĳ֣ȴõͷ߶˸ı⡣һΪ֪ˣҲǻؽ͵
ţ£ʸҲ΢΢ݣǰʱ䣬ʥŮȥʱڱչس磬Ͼ˼ɣȻ֮Ѿ֪ʥŮҪĶˡ
ֻʣʸȻҲʶһбԼܵˣʲôʸӭȢʸ˫ȻʥӣҲ޷ıߣҲʦľ
鷢˱仯õ䣬ȴͻȻݱΪףʱûʸ׿ϣڻʸ˫ͬҲɣκλʸ˫һֱӲκˡ
Ҳ÷䴫ԣٺ١ղ˵ҲٺһЦ󿴵˻ʸҲԼߣƺµĻ֪˵
䴫ʲôʸȻǲ±˻֮⣬üͷʲô˵ˡ
˳һ£Ҳǵ䴫ԣʸ˫Ƿһȣ˸ı⣬ҲΪǷƵԵʣȻҿɾͲˡ
˵仰֮ҲǲźۼƳһۻʸףʲôӦ
ϵǣʸ׵ɫƽޱȣûжı仯⵹ԱߵļŻʸΪɻˣе㲻ϻʸ׵Ըɡ
ǣȴûпɫƽ֮µĻʸףһ˫ڱ˫ȴȻȻģͬƽ
䴫Զѡ
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸҲǵصһ۷ƵȥıӰ𽥵رñ˭˫³ֻһǾ
˵仰֮󣬻ʸױƮȻתȥõԱߵǼһۣҲЦʸҲƽޱȣʱѾǶɱġ
ΪϤʸ׵ˣȻһʸ׶ɱģӿɾʹ
ʱ뿪̨ķƣȴǶȻشһ磬ӣﰵĸһڱԼ̫ˡ
뿪̨Ҳûע⵽ղŻʸѾע⵽ǣȻҲǲʸ׶ŷƣѾǸɱ⡣


2760 ʮˣ
Դӵһȥ̨֮󣬷Ѿǳ֮⣬ƵڵڶҲûȥ̨ˣΪǶһεıףز򵥡
Ȼڵ峿ˮٶǳ۵¥ҵ˷Ƶˡ
һǰˮҪһδӺѡֵˣܹһμѡǿߣ
ˮο鷳ˡҲЦſǰˮҲǻʸ˫˼ϾԼ˽һҪԵĵˣҲһ¡
Ҫлֻҷ֮¶ѡˮҲЦŵóһݸ˷ƣˣԵˣڶʮˡ
ӹҲΪ㵣棬Űʸ׵ô
ֻһ򵥵ѣҲΪˮƵɫǲ²⵽ʲôҲҡҡͷƺǸ߷ƣ棬еֶֻѣĸ֡
ˣǶлˡӺԣҲ׵ƺԼˡ
ţȻˡˮǸһЦҲǶȥ
ˮȥıӰҲǵ˵ͷһλʸ˫ܹԼģҲֻôˣʣģ¶ҪԼˡ
ĿˮȥƱǰֻϹ޼˸˹һֵˣϾԼŶ潻ˡ
ȴڵĶʮˣȻʮˣǶѡɹġֻʿһҲ˼ص
ʸףңзƣŷľѻϹ޼ɻضһ֣ȻڶĶʮ֮еһ֡
ЩһҶ˵ѻͷȴúֻܰʲɵüͷʮ˵УŴ󲿷˵ǼʶģֻΪİ
˵ĳϼһյĵӰɣҲ档Ϲ޼ʼȻĻҲܽڶ
ôʣµʮˣ¾ͲˡεһЦָ֣Ѫɷ֣ȻȴܹܳһЩߡ
˿¾ǰԼ̨ˡ
ѪˡϹ޼ֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
꣬ľ̰ǣƾɷϹ޼ɼȥҲǽʣİ˸˵־ض˳ò˵⼸˵ƺţ
Щһеõ۰Ȼûֻʵ¾е㲻ˬˣЩôȥôǷء
òϣʮһҲİɡҡҡͷɣϾܹ뵽ѡ϶εҲ
˵ĴڣҲûʲô˼飬ϾϣƷȴ۾ܹˣǶһ޶ģڳЩˣļѰ֮ˣȻǿŵ˵ǳѰҲΪ
ʮһǿǰ״Ϲ޼ҲǸ̾һ䣬ʦ˼Ҿڿڱߵһ仰Ǿ仰ʲô˼ˡ
ѰʱȻǲټһһ㣬һȴǳôҽһǿߣʵ˸о˼顣
ԶʢŻǳʢɣ
һõҲһһˣΪԴĽӶɾʹۣ
ҲһΪ֮·ϣȺΪ֮һ·עǲƽ˷ƣÿһ£̤˵ʬǰ
ţΪţǾһȺŵĶƴ֮Уܹˣʸ񱻳ƺΪţ
һΣǰʮǿһսɾһ˵һ֮·Ѿǿ
δ磬½һȺ˵УΪѾͻƵ˵δ𣬱ȻȺ֮е
Ҳ˵һȺ棬Ļǳɳһ
һȿ׬ˡֻʳ˼Ƭ֮󣬲ҡͷЦŵòΪͨϺļıо壬һμ򵥵ıף˷һ飬һܹûΪѰʵѪҺ
Ǿһε͸֮£õȵһԪˣΪֲһ㣬ͨҲǿͨһεıףѰҵһЩӼȡ


2761 Ⱥӿ
ҲĽˣбͷҲһһףұ֤Һͷƶȥ£ԱϹ޼ҲǿЦ
԰ҿ϶ǻȥģԼ˲ģ˵ǻǿݣ㿴áҲǹһЦҲһ㶮鿴Ҷࡣ
һȥûĵġֻʵ¾ǰ۵ҲֹҵҲ룬ñߣҸˡ
ԣ΢΢һЦƺ뵽ľҪˡ
ѾǳˣҲ˵ȴ֮⣬ҪԶʮ߸ˡ
ЦҲǻص⣬ҲԴɲһεĶʮ߸ˣƺҲԸѹ
ȴлʸ֮⣬ӦòǶ⡣ҲǳƬ̵
ȷʮ߸棬овģȻлʸףһػһ壬һȴδʥӡ
δ֪¡
ˣУӦûж⣬ǵϣԼӦҲŶѹϾôƣܹ÷Ƹоֵģʵǲࡣ
ǵ˵׼ҲɡϹ޼ɵ˵ͷȻЩ˸ΪֻҲǳصģٺôлһɳߡ
ɳ֮Ȼ𼶱ģҲҪ֣˵ͬȼĴڡ
֮ԣξ鷳ˡһЦ˵һεıףµİæܹԼ鷳
˵ɶأǹϵ˭˭ءֻҡҡͷҲЦŵ
ǣҲһֵĻأѵô֣Ҳ⡣Ϲ޼ɴһӣ˿ǲص
˵̬ȣҲǺЦ˵ͷû˵˵Ĺϵڷ˵ˡ
ڶ죬һ磬۵¥ǷǣǷֵ
ΪǱ֮գҲȵһλӵоɫʥŮһ׳򣬾˭ܹ˹顣
ƵȻһͳ̨ߣˮͨ棬ѡͬҲ̨Уʮֵ¡أͨ춼١
ȴˣƺҲǸϵˣΪǿĳ֣Ҳǲ˷Ƶĳ֣ҲǶ֮һЦ
ͬҲǻرһЦ֮֮£ɸĸоǸöˡ
˵ܲٲܲپ͵Ƭ֮ҶҲǿ˿ĳ֣һǸһĳ֡
繫ӡ
ȴɹЦݣֻڷƵȴԵʮֵα
֡
Ƶȴûб¶ԼĲϲ˼кҲӦһ¡
֪λ׼ˡЦŵţһҪֵĿɲǻʸףػһˣطһЩǿߡ
Ʊعھ
ѯʣҲ΢΢һЦûԼ뷨ʱҪȻǹھӶǱ˹飡
һشҲɵһ㶣ɫҲǱһƣ⼸ȻҲǿʼֵϣڷƣȻҲʮֵϤ
ò˵ͬҲǰԼǿ֮һҲǺݷ䴫ԣƺǸȵʥŮ˽飬ȻĻǰͷֱӵȡ
ֻϹ޼ȻæģԲС
Ҿϣ繫쿪ʤʱ¶顣ҲǵͷЦǴʦתȥ
ȥıֻʲɵƲƲƣһֽƻˡ
ƻ񣬸ûĹϵΪʵ˾ͻǶģ̫ˡҡҡͷȻҲûж⡣
ȷǿΣһαףвģлʸ׶ѣһ΢вԵĶ֡
ʱ˳̨֣ҲǳƻһۣϢĴڣ䶼ƫСȻһεĲߡ
˿ɻ治١ͬʱҲӿһȻʱһ̳ǳ֣Σ˭ҲûǸĲ
ʸ˫ŮˣһҪȡĹھӶ˹飬˭Ǿ˭ˣҲ⣡


2762 ʼ
ԽԽ࣬𽥵ҲǳһЩȵĵӣǿʼǷس̨֮ϣƺ׼żı䡣
ͨˡ
ʱֻۼ⣬ҲƳһۣһȺ˺ƺƵشԶ˸Ϊ׵Ȼȵߣͨ죡
֮ͨģǰһΪһϤٻӰʸ˫
ڻʸ˫ԱߣŻʸ˪ɫǵĴڣһ֣±˲˵ľ
ٺ٣ˡϹ޼ҲһЦȻܹ׵رϳһǻʸ˫Ҳǽ׵Ůǡ
ͨһˣ̨֮ҲͨһȺˣһϢ磬ȻЩ˶ȵ̫ϳ֮Ĵڡ
ò˵ȻǾôε飬еĵǲӡ
ͨ챳һȺˣÿһΪλ֮ϣźüϢΪӦ𾳵Ĵڡ
ʱ򣬷ƶȻ̧ͷΪһȺ˵УоһֱĿ⣬Ϊ־磬Щ̺ΪС
ѭԼĸо˹ȥҲǿһͷڵˣһĮ֮עԼȻƺǶԼʲôƫһ㡣
Ǹˣȴվͨı󣬰˵֮еĵλӦǲ͡
£бȻҲһԱߵֻʣǸǻʸף
һ£ֻҲǻعҲǿ˶ԷĴڣɫɵǱ˱䣬Ҳǳصص˵ͷûǻʸס
ʸףȵʥӣ
ֻʵȷҲǵ˵ͷǵȳҲ˿Ĳ
˾ţ֮䣬һĪۣ״ȻҲõͨһЩϹõˣһʸ˫ҲǸо
»ʸ˫Ƿ˷ƵĴڣǳĮɫҲǲɵǸһĨů⣬ˣվǳˡ
ףǷơʱͨҲǻؿڵҪ˿
֪ʸҲǵ˵ͷɫȴûжı仯֮гһĮȻ˭³ֻһѵô
ʸ׵ⷬǿţͬʱ֮ҲǱԼԷƵĲм
ˣûʸ˵ʸףȻС
ʸף˵ɱô죬û˭Ҳ֪ʱԱߵĻʸ˫ȴǲˣԼˣô˵һǴǻˣ
ڻʸ˫ķʸɫ䣬Ҳû˵֮еƣȴȻؽһ£еı֮ʢ
Żʸ˫̬ⷬȣȷˣ·䴫ģʸ˫ŷƣȷһȣ
ҲΪˣʸ֮еɱǸӵŨصʮ֮ã˿û͸¶ͨ춼ûа취õʱʸ֮ȴǳɱ⡣
ȴǼɵԻʸ֮еɱ⣬ȴǸܵʮҲ΢΢üͷʸףƺԼźܴĳɼ
ǼһǰǿˡԱߵֻҲһƵصڵĻʸףһ͸ı飬Ϊơ
ԭΪȥˣ˫Ųֻ࣬Ҳϲٺһһ㣬һзŵĿǰƺ˵ǡ
ĪˣϹ޼ɹһЦҲֻʵļ£зأһ᳡ȥ
ڣĿǰܹŻʸһսģƺֻзˣܲܣҲǿ͸
ʱ̨֮ϣͨҲǻһܣʱˣҲǵ˵ͷ׿ʼ
ʱҲˣһβμѡʮ˸һ𣬸ǾĹ
ܼ򵥣ǾǳǩԵĶ֣໥սӮǿԽһ֣ĻǱ̭һǣȱ׶ѣ񶷣ܹضɱ֡
Ҳ˵ˣһı䣬¶ǵ㵽ֹûа취սһ㡣
ǩӵе㲻Ūˣһһ־ǻʸףɲ档ֻҲصȥΪƽҲƽġ
Ϊ˭Ҳ֪ԼǩԵĶʲôˣ˻һ㣬һƻʸףǷȼĴڣǿɾǲˡ
Ƕԣ˶Էǻô棿


2763 ǩ
֮㲻ôҲûа취£ʮˣҪĸʶܹб˴ˣǾûа취ˡ
һβʮˣǷֻڣҲǾس̨֮ϣŵվһ𣬵ȴųǩһηע⵽ˣǰǸˣԼǸý֮ˣҲǲϵĳ档
ˣǿʼгǩһʮÿ涼֣Ҳ˵ıһôĶ־һΪһѡ֣ǿˣ
ʱȵһλϣҲǵؿڵһιܼ򵥣ǾѭŸֶսֻһλᣬ˾ͳ׵ɥʧ˱׵ĻᣬΨӮȥܹЦ
ֻǿˡֻʼЦһʼΪεس鵽˸ԣҲֻΡ
ģҪĻǶȨϹ޼һЦҲ˿ص
ţˣξͷǡһֿĸлȻ˵ĹϵڷǷƲô˵ǶΪл
ǩʼǰ˳ȡɡ
ʱȵĳҲǵص
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸΪףȻǵһ˹ȥȡˣȡǣһΪ7Ҳ˵Ķ֣ͬҲһΪ7ġ
ʮˣ½ؽгǩֵ˷ƣһ£ǰ˳žȻ5
ֻǱ9Ϲ޼ɱ11
һȻŮھˣûڵһѡֱӵ
һ5һ9һ11ҪڵһΣôʣ15ˣǸʱ򣬼һҲ˴š
ڱ1ĿվʼˣֻһΣӮ߿ϢȴһֵѡΣɥʧᣡ
ʱȵĳҲƵؿڵĹ֮УϽ˼
Ȼһεıе䶯ˣȣҲǲЩڱĹ֮ɷӣһŪҲǻȴٵ鷳
ֹ˼һ˵ʵǷƻ߻ˣûаϣϾ־ǿߣһǶҪôҪôµĻǾ䡣
Ȼôǰ䣬Ҫٵûһ̣˭Ҳ䡣
1ǿߣȻشȺ֮վ˳÷Ƹоǣһ1ģ۵ý֮ˣĶ֣һδıĿߡ
ʱѾǿʼˣֻŷƵҲֱӵԱ߽йۿ˵κһ˶пǽҪĶ֣ܹ˽һҲŲٺô
俪ʼ
ȳϵһ£˱ǶȻرǿƣ鲼̨ò˵־棬ûٻԼʵ
ΨһĿģǾǴԼǰĶ֡
ȻĴڡҲǵص۹ƳһӣʱĽѾǳˣĽâǽҫĺâηĸо
Ľе졣ֻ˼صҲǳĬһ£̧ͷŪãɻʤ
ӦðɣĶȻҲλҿģȻǲûκαƴĻ»ռ·硣Ҳǵ˵ͷһսӦǺˡ
ˣҲΪѪǿߣ⣬ӦǿԺɵػ˵һıԵʤ
ʱ̨һߣͨһȵĳҲڹעűĿʼ˵Ľ⣬ǶΪʧɫ
˲ͨЦеؿڵܹĿ˵ôзˡ
ܹѡģһһЩϹĵӣѪӦþѪɷĵӰɣһֽ⣬ҲֻǸֻɱ¾ϲܹ̳ͨһ˻ؿڵ
˭أʱҪľˣΪһεıףеĿҲ˶ٰ죬ʮˣȴм⣬ȴʱһ£ǷԸȡͨͣһ£Ҳǵص
ʸ˫Ķ˭ʵͨûжҪصǣʸ˫Ҫףܹȴʲô棬ǰΪƵĳ֣ȡôͨҲ뵽취ֲһʧ
ⲻܹͨƣֻΪһŵߣȾͷĴУʱܶ飬ǲòȥ


2764 ʸ׵ǿ
ͨһ˶֮ʣʱ̨֮ϣһֵıԣѾǳ˽ˣȻͬƵһ㣬Ѫɵػʤ
ûκεļӭսѪɷеĽļʩչ֮£Ǳȵöûл֮
ΪĶ֣вʣǴѪһĲ֮ϣҲֻǲò䣬ΪǸоԼĻѳԻȾԼѪ
Ѫʤ
ȳϵѪջԼĳӶ˵һߣһսʤˣôҪȴľǣһֵı
Ǳ2λѡվӭս
ܿڶ伴ǿʼһ˶ƾУԼĪʱսǷֳʤ
Ϊ3λѡֳӭս
Ϊ4λѡֳӭս

˽ֵܿ˵峡ԣǰĳı䣬ҲǶڳһʵ˽⣬ò˵ܹӮģҷţӦöûʹóԼĵơ
أһ֣Ǹӵؼѣ
ʱȵĳ峡ʼֻһۣɫҲǱ࣬Ϊ峡Ȼǻʸ׵ıԣ
ڻʸףǿʮֵعעܹͨһԣӦûԿʸ׵Ϊһ̶ֳȣҲǺôи
Ķ˭Ҳüͷ
ֻҡҡͷһ̣ʸױǳ̨֮ϣһ̬ͷڣһֵۻһĸоƬĵۻʣһУ
˵ʵӣҾͲˬֻʼҲ֪ǳڶʼɻĲˬ
û£ȸˣϹ޼ҲһЦ
֮ʣڻʸ׵Ķ棬Ҳǻزгһˣ˵ʱ򣬷˲ɵе죬ȻǸӡ
ӣںѡʱ򣬲ܶǺˣһнս˸Ƶ˺̵ӡ
ιƺˣǸȻֻʶʱ¶һֻɫ
е˵ǸȻأϻܹԸʸ׸ҵĸо̫ˡǲ÷ҡҡͷ
ô˵һǶͨʸ׵ıһ
ʱ̨֮ϣʸһҲûй˵̸ûУȵĳ֮£˶ȻҲǿʼ˽ս
ʸɫδ䣬زĺ꣬ϵĮȻƺǲһжǷڣȻǸüͷʶҪɫȻط˱仯
ΪиҪǸоһһƣʱԼϯõԼ޷ж
ô£ӵɫȻһ䣬оĪĿ־壬߿ԼжĻʸϣʱҲˣƣ¾Իʸ׵ϣ
һĻط˵ǰǶǲףΪκȻܣؿŻʸǰ
ˡ
ʸףֱӵߵ˺ӵǰԼָ˺Ķͷ֮ϣص˿̣ʸǿױĵۻһ㣬ɡ
˼£ͼҪǻʸ׵ͷָȴһһ㣬˿־塣
ңʱҪһ
⵽ô£
Զķֻʵһۣ׷ǾޱȣһĻֱ̫ˣԷˣ
ƣʸ׵ơ
Ƭ֮󣬷΢΢ر˫ָһ֮Ҳ˫¶һݡʸ׾Ȼǵƾƣܹѹƶ֣
Ҫ֪ĶֿɲһˣȻܹȵزʵ˸о
̨֮ϣ˼ҲǷ˵ֵصһ䡣
ڿ֮󣬻ʸײǻջԼָƣʱ˲Ƕʱֱӵ̱ڵϣͣشŴ
̫ˣԻʸ׵ĸܣǲԼͷϣʱܹ
ǰǰˡֻʻصȻϣվʵһǿһ㣬ǿ׵ĵزȻǵƾƣܹѹƳͬȼĴڣһ㼴ǷƣҲ
ǿֻҪûгɾҲ޾塣غһ


2765 
ʱڻʸ׵ǿչ֮Ķֲòѡ䣬ѾһȼĶԿˣԷƾƣԼ޷κζ˵Ƿ֮ġ
ʸʤ
ȳϵȻһεıҲǽˣʸףѰѾһαʤνǰôǿ֮УΪɵһˣ
ȻʸɱƵĶ֮ȴֱӵؽ˷ƵϣҲǸܵ˶Էı񣬵Ҳǲɵ֮ӡ
˾ض֣ûκεƱʸһ㣬ҡҡͷתȥһĻȻǱֻʵ˿ڡ
һﻹŵúأôоڹˡֻʲɵüͷղŻʸעӵ񣬿ǳŵ⣬һ˭޷ϡ
֪Ƶ˵ͷղŻʸ׵ȷڸƺڸҪ֪Ѷˣ֮չֳԼǿᣬҲھԼҪκͷ
ʸ׵ǿ֮˷Ƶ˵ϣˣǷ޾壬ֻҪδɾǾʹŻһս֮
ڻʸ׵ı֮󣬺ܿҲֵ˷Ƶġ
7ѡ֣ɡ
ʱȵĳҲǵ̨Ҳ΢΢սһԼе򣬱7ȻԼ
ƻվʱҲע⵽ԼĶ֣һɫƽˣ˫ͬҲעŷơ

ͨȳϵĽܣҶҲ֪Լֵ֣ͬҲǿߣӺѡ֮һԾĺ
΢΢ؿһ۾񣬶ԷϢΪƽȣӦǽһʱˣҲһΪֵĴڣԼҪӮһ²Ǻס
ڻûжϾвĶ֣Ƹǲ붯ԼκεƣϾƣһǱ¶ͬҲ
죬ֹڹ۲űˣͬҲڹ۲
һôǰؾǱ¶ԼĵƣôȴʱôȻԼһЩʤļʣʸǰ㣬ԵƾƣܹѹŶġ
˵ʵղŻʸչֳһĻбȻŹ֮Լ˻ûвѣƾѹ棬ҲҪһܹ
зƣ˵֡ʱȴǵؿڵȳϵ֮£ûżŶ֣ǵص
ǿҲġ
˴˱˴ˡھĻҲһЦ֮زȻǲܻ飬ΪԼҪԸ̫ѡ
ɣ֡
һ̣Ȼŭһ˵Ϣֱӵرϯ
ӰҲǶȻرûκεͣ٣ͬһİӰһ㣬ֱӵرֱƵš
ˣ
ȻڴͬʱһĽҲֱӵһ̣һ貵ĺâҲֱӵر֣˫ٶȻѸޱȣܹ
ʱھУѾǶȻضһ˸źâĳ
ȻҲý֮ˣһı仯õ÷΢΢һ㶣ҲѸٵ˺󣬱ܿ˾Ѹٵһ
һ֮ҲЩɫâһһ㣬ϵųЩ֮
ڵǴֶ֮֮󣬷Ҳ˿壬˷ǳǰһݺݵһ˾壡
ԷƵ˹ƣûΪƵĹƻ˵ؼ򵥣Ƿеһ־ɫâҲ֮жȻһ־֡
Ƕһİļɵδ֪Կ־塣
񲻸дֱӵؽԼеĳһĽǶȣݺݵ˦ҲҪԼеĳ赲һ·ƵĹơ
ڷûκα˵ԾĳӦ˱ᡣ
ˡ
ʱڿԼеĳӳһĻֻҲҡҡͷ±ͬʱͨߣҲǲҡҡͷһѾǷֳʤ
䣡
һ죬Ȼһɫâֱӵرըֱӵϯ̨˵ϵõò˶Ϊ֮ɫ
ͨ
Ƭ֮һȻھɫâ֮бݺݵڵϣһǣһѶһصĳ
ʱڵ֮ˣҲǱȻǾ
һзֳʤŻʸһģһһηҲһľٶһ֮£һֳʤ


2766 һ֣
˵ʸǰһĻ˶ǾþޱȣΪʸڲ֪֮УͨƽѹƣõĶԶ䡣
ʱƵһĻȴ𺳣õ˶Ǹоһ𺳣ԾĽ֮£һн˶Է
ɫâȥƵӰʾڰ֮УϢƽڻ˶֮ƺûа˵ģ¶һĨɵɫ
䣿
ƵصһǵڵľԷ䣬ȻãԷҪ翹Ǿݵùˡ
ȿȡȻ鴫ܽˡ
ٴҲǿˣƵΪǿᵽ㣬ͬһ磬ղŵһ֣Ѿ˳ĻǾûȤ
ңղŵǵ֮£ȻˣȻǴ֮һȫرǿɾͲǵˣһͬҲԾˡ
ˡƿ˾䣬ҲЦЦûй𽥵תȥ˵һӰ
ʱڿ̨֮ϣͨҲ̲ס˵ͷ޵Сӣǽ˲ٰʵǺη
ǡʸ˫ɵ֣ܶһ˿Ҳǳ׵ɢ֮ǰŷƻΪǲǿ󣬵Ǵʱˡ
ʱķƣչֳģǿ԰ȫˣȻʱ˵ǰٷְܹһ·Ц󣬵ҲǸʸˣԱȻʸףƿ˿ѷɫ
ƻʤڱΪ8λԳˡ
ȵĳϣҲǻŷƻʤҲһ³ĿʼϾףһ֮ɣȻûа취˷̫ʱ䡣
ģ͵ǴһƸǻʸװ
ڿƻֻ֮ҲţղŻʸʵ̫װˣҲܹͬһл֣ܶȻһ˳ӣղſǿ˻ʸ׵ɫһӱ
öѣóֵҵĻҪһ򡣡ҲЦЦûʲôղһս֮УԷӦõľǣԼĳ赲ԼĹƣĻʲôԵֵǴֽ֮һе
ٺ٣¾͸ϳˣǲֻ֪˭ֻЦеصԸǻʸףȻһȻǲܶˣԵҲΪࡣ
СĵΪʼҲǲòһֻʣϾܹˣͺǰۿһҪôһзֳʤҪô˿ս֮С
ǰߵĲ࣬ͻʸˣһ㶼ںߣȻֻʼҪһֵĻҲ̫ɡ
İɣҿġֻЦЦķƵļ˵ˣҿĶһֶǽȥǾе㶪ˡ
ֻ˵Ҳǵ˵ͷȻֻ֪ͺãѣϹ޼ɣ˵ʵɳߣҪɹһֵĻӦò̫ѡ
ȻʱѾٶһΣϾǵֻʣžϹ޼ɡ
ֻʱһɵس̨֮ϣֱӵض֮䶼ȫսԼĪǰʱֻ֮ʲǰսˡ
ֻʳɹؽһ֡
Ȼӣ˰ʱŷֳֻҲӺԵղһսԼˡ
ã˭ˡϹ޼Աֻص
ţƺϳˡ
ʱҲͻȻسѾֵػһصӣƶĹעߣϾԼԵɺ֮£ĵ֮£֪
Ȼսͬһ㣬һзֳʤ
ûо⣬ͬģ֪ݵˣҲûо⣬˵˿ѷɫʸ׵ĴڣȻһзֳʤʸ
˵ͻʸףǾҪһġֻʴʱҲغһڵչֳʵνʮֵؿֲ
νˣڻʸףҸӼɵһ
ʵϣɵڻʸףʸǰ˵һİգȴǸ͸ͺǰʮֵأ޷͸
ɵػʤ֮Ҳһ·ƣ˵ͷƺǸƴкĵͷʾ⣬Ҳǻر΢΢һЦ


2767 
ı֮󣬽ҲֵϹ޼ɣϹ޼һ䣬ȴΪѣǶɳߵܹžԵѹƶ档
Ϲ޼ɶɳߵ֮ȻҲ˲˵ע⣬ǻʸ׵ڣɳһסˡ
Ȼһζɳߵ֮Ϲ޼Ҳһ״̬֮УϾһɳߵҲһָɡ
ˣҪûɳߣưܵľˡϹ޼Ҳ֮ΪεصղĶȻҲǲȻǱƵֵز
˵ˣСһ㡣ҡҡͷϹ޼Ѿǳɹؽһ֣Ҳްʵ֧ŲһֵսôȻľӦȨˡ
и⡣ֻʴʱҲԱͻȻؿʵһ̭֮󣬻ʮˣôʮ˵Ļٴγǩһճ
ֻôһ˵Ϲ޼һۣҲһ£⵹ûпǵȥڶֵĻͻʮ룬ôʮˣֻƥ䵽߶ԱģʹŻһǿճġ
룬ӦõʱǩһرǾֿգ˭㹻õĻͿԲýб䣬Ӷֱӵؽ˵֡
΢΢س˼һҲǵԼ⣬Ļʮ֮Уһճô˵֣ͻʣ°˸ˡ
Ǹʱ򣬰˸˾Ϳٴνгǩеֵ̭֪Ƿֳֻ˵֮£ǲս
ôһ˵Ļҵеϣ鵽ֿˡϹ޼ҲǿЦڵ״̬˵ʵôãղŵһսɳߵҲе㾫ƣĸо
ȻһڶٶǶֵĻҪôƴõڶɳߣҪôȨշƵԸԣǾԲϹ޼ɷյģǻֱӵȨ
ڵһѾǽӽβ˵֣ʣµҲ̫࣬㵽ʱûֻϹ޼ɵҲࡣ
ֵ
ʱֻͻȻؿڵʱҲ÷ưתƵ̨֮ϣҲֵǰĻʸףǷƣչֳ˾Եʵô˴αõһǷҲӵȵʵ
̨֮ϣҲĶֲսսҲһ˲սǸտʼƵ˱ҡҡͷ
װʱװֻʲɵǱһ£е޷޵ص
ûʱ̨֮ϣĶ÷ǳؾ˲£ǡΪһĻ÷Ƶ˿ˣûжȫΪ
ˣЦ滢Ը񡣡Ϲ޼Ҳҡҡͷʾе޳ܣӵпԾѹƵȴƫƫãǰһĻʾڵϷһ㡣
һҲǲȥҲǿһ£ҡҡͷȻûȤȥҪûһľ磬ȴǿأҲûκΰ취
һսͬϣĥ˰ʱ¶һǿģֱӵؽս
֮ҲǲŵһֽˣΪı14һ˵һֵĽ
ȻһֵĶԾ˫ҲǴѷѽ⣬󼸺ܾ˵ľ棬һߣǿʤ˵̬˵ڶ֡
˵ùˣ˵ڶ֣Ҳûа취ֻҡҡͷҲǸ̾һ£ƴƴ˵ڶ֣ȴɲʲôı䡣
ڵһ־ˣôڸǿĵڶ֣κλᡣ
һﲻǸһôϹ޼ɹһЦҵ֮ͬˡ
ϣ³ǩɣһ֮Ҳ΢΢һЦҲǴȤ
ʱ̨֮ϣȵĳҲٶվ˳һֵĽȻҲͬʱڶֵĿʼκϢĻᡣ
ûνĹƽһлÿΪ˵
ڶֳǩʼһʮ߶ģһûκαţȡˣֱӵؽ˵۵У
һ򣬹Ȼͬһ㣬Ȼǻһֿյȳϵ֮󣬶ʱõһЩ


2768 ֿ
Ͼ˵һֵıԣȻڳĲˣҲʮֵһεıףܹμӵģûһߡ
ڶһֿյȻǵע⣬ֱӵֿս˵֣ôһǳ˵飬Ϊڳʣʮ棬ȴô֮⣬д󲿷ֶǾһභʤ
ǵ״̬ٶܵӰ죬ʱǿǻһֿյôͻ㹻ʱָ״̬ȥԵֵı䡣
ԣһӣ˶ǸֿյҲǴһǷڣҲĶѣϾԱһսɵؽ˵֡
Ƭ֮ȳϵļල֮£ʮ˵ڶֱˣվ̨֮ϣʼ˵ڶֵĳǩ
ԻʸΪףһһһؿʼǩһһԼе򣬲ɵ΢΢Ϊʱеûκαţ
Ҳ˵ƣǵڶֿյ
ⲻò˵ʹȻʱֻҲƳһ۷е򣬿ûκα֮⣬ɵǿЦС˹ʺˡ
ǣҵı5֪˭ǶءϹ޼ƵصֿյıĻǵҲ
ϧܸȻҲСЦŵֿյ˵ǺҪֻһֵսһѡ
ûбŵģվ
ʱȳҲǻصɨӶʮˣ˭Уֻܹƾ˵
ԣ˵Ľ֮л˳ɵؽݽȳڿһ£ǵ˵ͷʾƿɵؽ˵֡
ֿյȻǷƣʸײɵҲüͷȴûж˵ʲôҲ΢΢һҲеЦҡҡͷ
ƺһֱܲ
ʱڿ̨֮ϣͨ쿴ƱֿˣȻҲǹһЦһĻܹ˳ؽ˵ֵС
ʵԣ񣬶ûжĹϵʸ˫ԱЦһȴǷǳ˽ơ
ʸ˫ôһäĿŷƵɫͨҲǿЦѡ
ʱֻ֪Լ˭֮󣬵ɫͱˣеı1һΪ1ڻʸ׵У
Ҳ˵ڶֻʵĶ֣ǻʸף
Ϲ޼Ҳ֪һϢɵסˣֻ˵ֻʡƺҪٴŻʸ׽ˡ
ףҿΪ5ġʱϹ޼ҲǿʼѰԼĶ֣Ƭ֮¶ϲɫɵ˷ܵصȻǸù
˵ĵùȻǵһ֮Уһܾ˵ս֮еһˣǶĻϹ޼ɲû̫ĵġ
òƾҵˡֻʲɵǳ̾һֻ˵ԼӱˣȻڵڶ־ǳȡ˻ʸֶ֡
ڻʸף˵ʵֻʲûжģϾʸ׸ͨĽ̵֮£ȻԼȴǣĻܹʸŻʸ׽ֵһֻһˣǾֻʵĴ硣
ʵڲУɣˡ
ʱҲֻ룬ϾֻʵݿɲǴԼ壬һεĶԾֻĻδͻǸ˵Ϊ岻ȡ
֪˼ֻҲҡҡͷƬ֮¶һɵɫ˵ʵûսʤİա
ǡȨɡϹ޼Ҳǳһµ֮£Ȼ˫һȼĴڡ
ҲȨֻʵ¾ǾܾϹ޼ɵĽ飬ΣҶҪٴν֣ǰһлңҵҪǷܹɻҡ
ֻʵ֮УҲ𽥵سֳһܵս⣬ԣһսһս
ûʸ׺ǿǰɵһлԼôȥˣͬҲڽţڶǰ飬ֻʵУһֱ͵һᡣ
Ȼֻǽ⿪ᣬٴԻʸףֻʲܹٶһ;Žչ
ҪǿԼغһҲֻʵļʾⲻҪԼ̫ѹ
İɣִ֪ģҲƳһʵҾͲţǿˡֻһЦҲ˿Ĳں
䣬϶䣬Ҫûмֵֻʴʱе롣


2769 ֻʵľ
ֻʵľȻϹ޼Ҳһۣûټֻʵľ񣬶Żʸһսǹϵ˷ƣǹϵ
ʸ׵һлֻʵ֮˺̵ӡһ޷ֳǴֻٴʸףˣһԻʸףĻһֱͣ硣
ľϰ򵥵˵ħ
ֻҲΪ֤Լħ֪ʸ׺ǿٴһ֡
һֻʸףֻʣ
ʱȵĳҲǻţһֵ֣ȻҲе㾪ȣǻʸףֻʣ˵ݶǼΪزѰ
ǿ˵һȣһ塣
ʸ׻زжվ̨֮ϣؿ𽥵Լֻʡ
Ӧ֪ǰͲҵĶ֣Ӳǡ
ʸ׵Ļ飬ֻȴ˿⣬ص֪һǵ
ЦΪƾ㣬ԱƳҵ汾ôʸȻҲɵӣǲ²⵽ֻеͷ޷ҪͨԼ֣ӶǿܹƳһЩơ
ǣڻʸ׵УȴɸΪЦ
ĻҲ̫ǳˡֻҡҡͷسԼĺ쳾صʼɡ
ʸײɵ΢΢һԼ˫ֻɫаĪԼ²ˣȻȴǲ²ⲻֻʳ̨֮ϣٴֻ֣Ϊ֤Լǻħ
ʸ˵ģҲһԭֻζѡ
ȻҪѰ·Ҳǲ㡣ʸЦһοɲһǰٴαһܣͻǳ׵Զ
ֻɫƽһȻףгź쳾ɨһ̨ܵȺȴ쳣ƽֺηֻʣֻΪԼս
һ䣬ֻڵƣǶȻرеĺ쳾Ҳزţ˵ĽһѾ񽣣Ҫ
ûʱֻʼеĺ쳾϶Ϊһ֮ǰδеƽĽƺٴ˲١
ֻʱǲֻϧ壬ܹž׽ֵģΨֻĸ硣ʱڿ̨֮ϣͨҲǵص
ͨǺεȻһۿⳡսûκֻʺǿǻʸ׸ǿ
Ҫܻʸףֻĸ֡
ʵЩʱսΪ˷ֳʤΪ֤ĳЩ
ʸ˫ȻֻŻʸ׵Ĺ֮£ֻӵƽɫԼĳֶܴΪֶڷƵϼ
һû㿴͸أ˵ĵҲûͨһ֮ҲǹһЦƳֻʣӽǰ;
ܹõͨ˳ֻ֪̾Ҳ֪ˣϾͨΪɲһȡ
ǰһл㣬ǿԣ
ֻʵɫ仯ʸײûжı仯ĮȻһĨ⣬һ̤
䣡
ʱ˿̣һ֮ʣ̨ߣ߶Ȼһͬʸһ̤ţһһ𺳣
ȻⲢľףֻǻʸ׵̫ǿ󣬴ӶõǲĴ
Żʸ׵һ£̨ͬһ£ֻʵɫǶȻط˾䣬˵嶼Ǹһ¡
еĺ쳾Ҳѣ˿ֻ̣ѾǸܵǵԻʸϵƣɫϾޱȣΪֻʷԼ޷ˡ
Լеĺ쳾Ҳǿʼ𽥵ԼƿأͬԼûа취סеĽ
̨֮£ע⵽һĻƵɫƽڿֻǷܹȥҡҡͷ΢΢֪Цʲô
һֱǱЦһ΢Цţ˫˸ľâȴ˲ƺʲô
ɣĸԶܻҡʸƳһǿ֧ŵֻʣǲɵ¶һĨЦݡ
Լ֮ȣûа취ȥԼһսͷ
ֻʵɫ࣬ûʸ˵ĻǿԼ侲һƬʸǰͬһԽɽǲ壡


2770 
֮䣬ֻһĪ״̬֮Уǰľﲻϵģţų̂ûΧһ𽥵ؿʼȥ
ΨǣǰֵĻʸס
ǰһĻεȵƣȻƺҲҪٶˣ
ֻʵ𽥵ȼģǵģʸǿǡԸһνͬʧܣ
Ǽ˫ֻۣʸоԼţһŻȼգǰһģﶼǼ飬ٶǻصʵС
ľı仯ֻеĺ쳾Ҳٴų˵ĽâƮݵĽ⣬һ΢һ㣬׽ʱʸӵĮȻɫǷЩ仯
Ǳǰǿһ㣬ʲôá
ʸҡҡͷ¶һɫֻΪ޷ıҪʧܵʵ
ֻʳХһ˫ȻرâǴԻʸ׵ѹȣеĺ쳾ضţûһ˵âϵر
СӡħƺѾȥˡ
Ա߹ۿսḶֻ́ʵɱ䣬ҲǲɵЦЦһսʤΣֻѾǵõҪĶ
̫ˣ
ʸһǵضâҲûκᣬֱӵغݺݻ֣һεİȻش֮б
Ǽ䣬ѣ򵥵һȴ̺żΪֲõò˶ɫ䣬ʸ̫ǿˣȻǿ˹
顣
Ž֮Ķ˲Ҳõֻк쳾ĽâֱӵرһһֵİȻֱӵسֻʣ
Իʸ׵Ļֻ֣Ȼ޾壬˻ʸ׵ƿƣֻ˽ԼĽڹ˳
ƮޱȣǷһ㡣
۲ɼİƿնȴرֻһһضܶȥ
뵽һĻʸ׵Ҳ˲䶯ˣһĹ򣬾ǴԭʧˣһĻƵ˫ɵ΢΢һٶ̫ˣ
ɸıʵΪλҪͽ
ֻʵĶߣʱ˻ʸ׵ֻаȻӦ֮ǰʸѾǳ
飡
һƣʸ׾ôֻʵı󣬳һƣõƮޱȵĽ⣬˲ؾȥ
ۣ
ֻɫȻһ䣬Ӳس˻ʸ׵һƣ
һĻƵɫҲǱ࣬һȥȻҪֻʵǿ˵һѾǷֳʤ
ֻһ֮£ȻˣûмսĻˡ
ʵˣڳһֻ֮˵嶸ȻرǴӰ֮ݺݵص˵֮ϣʸǻָһƽɫղʲôҲûһ㡣
Ȼǻһ㹦򣬵ɵؼֻʣ
˵ˣαʸ׵ؿһۣǵڵ棬һ޿ӵֻʣҲҡҡͷƺڳЦĲ
ģһôôǷᣬһˡϹ޼еŭصֻ䣬Ԥϣʸδ̫ˣǿֻʵӡ
ƳĬ֪˵ʲôȴ΢΢ص̾һ
ˡ
ʸƬ֮Ҳǻؽ˵棬Ӷתȵһλϵ
ȵĳϳƬ̣ҲҡҡͷҪڣ뵽һֹ
˭˵Ҫˣ
ĳ֣ʸͷҲأɫȴе㲻ͷˣüͷֻѵֵزҪô
һ޿֮У֮£һǱӰվȻֻʣ
ʱֻʣɫ԰ޱȣǻЩѪ˿еĺ쳾ȴδɿǽ֮תĽâ
һû£ɼ
ֻغһԼڵ״ΣزõǵѪеĺ쳾ȴųһŵЦݡ
ʸףվûҴ󣬶ǰһܹңȴǲˡ
ʸԣʱ˫һתĮȻؿŴʱֻʣң㻹İɣûа취սʤң
㣬ֻҪҵļʲô
ֻ΢΢һЦֻǲ԰׵ɫΪᡣ
˰ɣֻʣ㹻ˡ
ʱҲ̲סڵӵؿŴʱֻʣҪֹֻʼսȥϾ״̬ټȥģǿǾԻΣյġ


2771 
ǣʱֻȷ˿û˵Ļеĺ쳾ͣĽâҲת
ھ޿֮վ԰׵ɫû֪ѶˣؾеĳǸ̬ȻǸˣֻʻûе£Ҫս
ʸ΢΢һԼ˫ûм˵ʲôȻֻҪѰ·ôȻҲ
ȵһλϣʱҲǲֹ֪ǲֹǰǼսȥĻֻʿ϶ǻܵشϾֻʵݿɲһ㣬иʲộǻô彻
ȻûʸѾٴζһٶȸ죬һ˲䣬ԭʧȻسֻʵ
ֻҲѸٵطӦ˹еĺ쳾ض岢ûоʹ˺󣬷ֱӵתԼĳһռ䶸Ȼش̳
Ľâֱӵƿ˿ռ䣬һȥȴûκЧ
ֻʲɵüͷҲǲҼͣԭأʶѰһλãӦǻʸֵķλԼĹգôǴţԷпѾǱܿ
˵ˣǲʸ񣡡
ֻʵ嶸Ȼ˺֮һĮҲֻʵĶ߻ػţȻǻʸף
ʱĻʸףȴǹسֻʵ࣬һֱӵٶһȭ
ȭװ䶯ȭδǵȾ˵ƶʱϯȫ
һֱڹעűḶ́Ҳǽһ£֣ʸ׺̶ܴ֮ϣƣٶȾԵĹ죬Եǿᣡ
ҡҡͷȶֵǰ֮£ֻҪ֮⣬»еѶȵġ
ȻڷеͷǸ֮󣬶Ȼֻʵٶȵرصغ˳ȥһΣʸû顣
ֻǵɶ壬ǿؿ˴ֻʿѪڰ֮лһԲ
飡
һ죬ֻʵٶصڵϣû˿⣬һνֻ֣ٶǰ˻ʸ׵С
һĻȻҲûڳһ˲²⣬ϾֻŻʸףĲһȼĶ֡
һ֮󣬻ʸٴǽԼ˫ָ¶һƵɫٶȱԼ䵽ֻʣҡҡͷ
УԲֻʼսȥġʱϹ޼Ҳͣһ£˱Ǳýޱȣǳȥסֻʡ
ƽüͷȴԼƣסϹ޼ɡ
ôѵҪȥôϹ޼ɶڷԼиеǲ⣬Ҳһزʵ
ƺǽŻʸ׵ɱ䡣
Ƭ֮󣬷ҲҡҡͷȻҲǲ뿴ֻʼսȥزˣʱֻʵϢƺǱеˡ
ڷƵĲԶһƽɫʱȴͻȻ¶һѰζЦݣƺǷʲô˼顣
ɱ䣿
Ϲ޼ԣ±һ㶣Ҳ΢΢һǲˣֻʵϢȷڱ仯ȷе˵ƬصĽ⣬ƺ˱仯

Ϲ޼ڸƬ֮ҲǶȻ˫֮ҲǴһ־㵣ֻʣͻԼĽ
ûֻʴʱȷͬϹ޼²һ㣬ͻԼĽĽ֮Уһֲζ
ҲΪ
һΣʸ׵ı䣬ֻʲǻԼħѾ߳˶ǰһӰҴʱ˿̣Ѿһǰδеż
ţԼֻҪǿһżܹõһǰδеɱ䣡
ǣʱָ֪оǿң
ڶαŵֻ֮ٶվˣ˵ע֮£еĺ쳾ǽţֻһֱۣƺᶶš
Ѫһһεشֻʵӵ£ʱֻʵİѾǱѪȾ죬һߵ۾ˣȴɲ
еĳڣô޾κΣ
һ˵׵ƣǱܶٴΣȴ׵ص£
̨£̾һӦǳȥͬҲʱȥֹĻôֻ˵ͻɥʧһεľûᣡ
ϾͻԼĽɲһ֮¡
ΣҾԲ飡
ֻԣһֱδŭĻʸףҲǱе㲻ͷˣһλãΪԼɱô
ҵĽǲֻ֮ɳƵ쳹̨


2772 ıܣ£
ЦȻִ⣬ǾְⲻˣʸҲŭ⣬ٶس֣
һεĹǱӵͣȻֻɱ䣬Ҳ𽥵ؿʼŻ֮ˡ
ĲҪֹô
һߣʸ˫üͷ˶ֻܹȫڿԼ־ţȫʢ״̬ǻʸ׵Ķ֣ο
ãˣһʸҪɱҲԸ⡣ʱͨȴͻȻؿڵƳ̨֮
ʸ˫˳ͨȥ±ǿһֳ꣬һվţƺע̨ϵı䡣
ʸ˫ˣ²ɵü˸ĸоǹŹ֣˵òƺе죬ƺ
ֻʵĴ磬Ҳˡͨؽ͵
ԣʸ˫ǻȻףΪԼһ˸ое죬ԭֻʵĴ磬ֵܣȻơ
ʱע⵽һ˵ĳ֣ƺûˣ෴ʱ˵עǾ̨֮ϣû˲̨ѾǽһŻʸһĴڡ
ȻƬ̨֮ٶǺݺݵزһΣһӰٶǱֱӵغ£һΣȻֻٶûκˡ
෴һζ֣õûʸҲǻ˲ٹֻʼֱǲһ㣬޾ԼĹ
ʸҲᴭһһû̫ɣͻԼֻʣҪƸղֱӵһлܶԷȷе
ֻʲΣհɣϹ޼һصȥĻֻʿǻģ
ҡҡͷ֪˵ЩʲôƬ֮ƺʲôһ㣬Σöȥˡ
ȷرشҲܲ˶ãοֻȥĻҪҲǴٺ󻼡
ȻڷƵ£̨֮ϣֻʵӰȴٶȻվһеĺ쳾ȻδɿǽȴǲǵĽâҲǱ޹⡣
ֻʵӰҡ֮󣬲ǻסͷûκαʾĲȴ˶ܹظܵ
ֻʻҪս
ˣңʸҲΪŭֻôѲˣ֪򲻹ҪҪȥɲѰ·ô
ǹǣһֻȴǱ˳Ĭ˾㾲سź쳾վԭأ
ȻһĻȻǲȥˣٶֵĻֻʿĻΣգӰֱӵ˸̨
Ҵˡ
ƴʱҲǵصƳһۻʸףɫûʲô仯
Ȼһ̣һ΢شȫĺëȻը͵ػͷһȴǷһ꣬ȴǹسԼĺ棡
˭
·ƾ裬ղĸоһΣյףǰ꣬ȴǸԼ˸оҪǣֻʵߣ
ȻûвǣԴ˳֮󣬻ʸ׵ɫǷ仯ҲǵƽĮȻɫ
̨£ɫҲ𽥵ر࡭
硣껺ؿڵҲƳһ۽ŵķƵģڣûܶ
ԣ¶һ㵵ɫؿ˶һˣò֮䣬ֻƣвһ
ֻʣôˣʱҲע⵽ֻʵĲԾɵǹȥֻʣȻֻʴʱȴû̧ͷվš
û£վıܶѣʶѾԹȥˡصһֻʵļ
ֻ˱̱ػ˹ȥȴΪ㵣屾ܻάս״̬
ط˻ԹȥֻʣҲ̧ͷһɫеĪĻʸ׵ܺãҵܵܵһУӱ
һ仰˵赭дˣȴǸоĶǡ
ӱҪ֪ʸʲôӵĴڣˣȻ˵ôһ仰ǹǣ˵仰֮󣬷Ʋ˻ʸ׵ɫøӵˣ
жʱֻǴС˺ŵУôĻʱ˵ôһ仰


2773 ֣
ֻʸĳ̨֣Ҳһ㣬ȻȴûκζǱŻԹȥֻʣֱӵ뿪̨
غһȻֻʵĸѾǳˣôҲൣֻʵ״ΣһεĶսȻֻˣѾǵõҪĶ
Ȼڱ֮У˲СشһЩ˻Ǹģ
ؿһǻʸ֮Ҳһƽ̨ڻʱ򣬵ȵ֡ǵ֣ԼȻǻŻʸ׶ϡ
ʱֻ⵽һУǷ
ʱֻʵĻԹȥȻڶֵĵһ䣬ȻҲǽˣԻʸ׻ʤԳɹؽ˵ֵС
ʱܿǽ˵ڶڽı䣬Ҳûж˼ȥۿϾܹעˣɲôࡣ
ı䣬ǲ࣬˭ûб¶ԼʵһֱԼأһˣһĿ£Ȼһβһн棬ҲƬ̲Ĺ򣬾Ѿʤˡ
Ϲ޼ɺһùһĶԾȻҲΪϲ磬˵Ա˵޷ӳٷְٵʵջϹ޼ռһˣֱӵؽ˵֣
ļֽ֮󣬽ֵȻҲǳˣʸףϹ޼ɣ̰ǣƾѻڵڶֿյķơ
˸ˣ˵ֵı䵱С
ȻһεĶԾ֮󣬽ֵĽĸˣȻپʤˣ֣ڵֻʤˣȻһα׵Ӯҡ
һɣȻһεı䣬˭˱׵Ĺھǿ֤Լһһǿߡ
ڳĲһȻҲϲһͷԼϣϾһεıףܹģһһǿߡ
ˣǰ˸ٶȽǩǾǵֵĶ֡
ʱȵĳҲǻصڶֵıѾǽˣҪʼľǵֵı䣡
Ƶ˻س̨֮ϣٶǿʼ˳ǩһһԼе򣬱3Ҳ˵Լڵ䡣
ȻʱеҲȵع˳
е1ԵϹ޼ɡ
е2Ե̰ǡ
Լ3Եƾ
ʸǱ4ԵǺѻ
ҲԼز²⵽ˣһˣʸ׻Լ
ΰ£զôùϹ޼һΣȻǳֱ̬ûôˣǻˣһЩ뷨ǿд߶ڶεɳߣӦܹʤ
ǶȻͷ̾Ǵѹû뷨
ҲԹˣҪѧֻʡҲҡҡͷϹ޼ɵãҲֻǱʾΣǸоɵ˵ǵ״̬Ϲ޼ˡ
ҲֻȨˡϹ޼ҡҡͷû뷨֣ǴûȤ
ţȨɣܹҲǰҺܴæˡһ
Ϲ޼ɲźۼص˵ͷҲǵ±ԼҪȨ뷨ȵһλҲͬˣϾϹ޼Ĳʺϼսȥ
ôһֱӵؽ˵֣Ϲ޼ɵȨֻ΢΢һЦûж˵ʲô
Ϲ޼ȨſʼǵڶֵıˣҲ̰ǣ
ʱǻƵ˷ƵߣȻһɣƳһ̨֮ϵʵΣ
ƶĳ֣ҲΪ⣬һ£Ҳʼ򣬻شҾãʵӦǲҵȡ
ȷǷƶۣȻ˸ƵĸоǺϲǲòϵǣװ־磬Ҳһʵˡ
һĶ֣̰ǡ΢΢һЦص̰Ǻƾʵػһһӡ
ԣҲ΢΢¶һ֮ɫ˾ȻػһĵӣػһĵҲǳԼ󣬵һͳ˰ڵǿߡ
⻻ȣҲǲɶġ
ôһ˵ĻһҪԼʵǲܵˡҲЦһ̰ػһĻôʵͿ϶ǲСӡ
˵ɣˣΪʦһϹĵƿ϶Ų١ҡҡͷͲ֪̰ܹƳٷֵʵ
Ļƺô̰ǻʤȻҲɵһڡ
ҵеڴܹһ֡ЦЦƳһ˵ϢʮֵģվԼԱߣҲ޷
ҲǺڴĽ֣һԯ峤˵㣬ǷǰҲһЦ
Ȼʱ̨֮ϣ̰֮սѾǿʼˣ̰ûκεʵƶȻͷŶΪ֮
Ķʱͬһ麣һ㣬׺ݵ̰ǣǱһƽûйر¶Լʵ
һ̰Ǿ͸оԼе޻֮ϣָоΪ˸оģȴƫƫ˵ӡ
սƬ֮ҲǶȻҡҡͷ̾һʱսȻѾʮֵˣ̰ǲ
Ȼս֮Уûȫһޱȵɫ
ۻͦ߼֣Ȼ̰ǶûʹʵɵҡͷЦһ㵹ǳϡ
ص̫ˣ˵ΪѾµһĳ̶ˣȻ̰ǿߣҲ˱֡
ȻϣĻ̰֮ǱˣذУֽȻҲûг˵ϵС
ڶ䣬ʤ
ʼ
ŵڶĽͬһʱ䣬ҲѸٵؿʼˣһηԼԵƾ˵ƾȻҲػһ֮ˡ
ȻػһصĵطȻҲ֮ģҲƾභҲͬʱ¶ԼһЩơ
ʱ򣬷ҲνˣһЩƣ¶Ҳͱ¶ˣûжĹϵϾֻҪٽ֣ôǿ֮棡
ƾûгɣȳϵʼ֮Ҳȵس֣磬˵Ƽȵرͬһףη
ƾȻҲû֮ģԷƣòȫԸѾǻûһʱµĽ̨


2774 ػһ
ƾôһ̨֣֮УʱǳĽ⣬÷Ƹо˼ǣƾóĽһֺܲͬĸо
ģĽڲϵƿ˸֮ܿ£۳һ⵽ǽ۵龰Ľ˺ſռ䡣
΢΢üͷ֮£˿ɣЩǿ׵˺ƾҲû֮⡣
ҪѸٵؽƾһ֣Ȼһ֣ͻȻ֮䣬ҲһƣƾػһĵӣȻԼ֣ɾǵڰԼһЩƸƳ
ҪѸٵؽսΪ޷ҪȫǴ֮жʱţȻԷ̽ԼǺβԼҲǿͨƾ̽һػһĵ̡
Ͼ֣ƿʮֵؼɵǿƾһЩߣǵҲδһ¡
һ㣬·ҲһЦҲǹܲôˣûżų֣Ǿصȴţƾȳ֡
ʱƾ۵۷壬Ϊƻ֣ȴ˿һֵģе²͸롣
ʱ̨֮µƴʱģҲһ㶣ҡҡͷЦƣƻǲ͸¶Լơ
Ҫ֪ƾ̰ǵʵػһһУҲΪǿģʱǷôҪɽƾǱȻҪһ
һǸһѧǸʲôһˡ
ҲصȻʱƵ˫ۣҲҡҡͷ֪Ҳûа취ܹƾ̽˷Ƶһơ
£ƾƺҲǲˣԾǲٵȴȳֱ֣ӵӡѸٵظıˣƬ֮ĽâʱһӵŷƳȥ
ᴩռ䣬ϵطƿȿµĽ֮â΢΢һЦԼƣ¾ɫâǻһزϵڶ
͵һ֣еâʱһӵر˳һƬӭĻһ㣬ʱ֮£ǵضĽâγĶԱȡ
һĻƾûκη壬˿粽˲ʧԭأֱӵƿնһգһ۶ɵľ޽ǶȻسС
ն
ƾȻŭһ߸ߵؾе޽һɽ֮ƣ͵ؽٶ£
һУһǳ֣ʱ̨һƬһɼΪѰĲƺеǻС
͵һǴʱ̨֮µϹ޼ҲǲɵɫͬΪ֮ˣȻܹظܳһĿ֮
ƾмŵϹ޼Ҳصò˵ƾĽһǰģһ۳ƣһޱȵؿֲ
ԣһƱҪֵȻĻƾĹͬˮһ㣬Ӳʮֵؿ£
˵Ĺƣ·ҲΣ䣬ڰ粻ϵǴ֮ϵرһƬȵ棬ϯ̨
һӵǴ֮ǫ̃ǳɼµһĽ⣬ϵƿպХһǷһ
䣡
һ촫·Ҳ˱ǻһȵâݺݵسƾķ貵Ĺâһӳ̨
Ƭ̵Ľ֣Ѿǳ˽̰ǵǺݺݵصɶȥԷڵļƻ֮ȻǿҲȻ޷ֵˡ
һΣȴûмˣֱӵضеǴ֮ȻҲɵһб˶档
Ǵ֮ȻͬԣƿǴ֮㵹˼ɵƱ˿µҲ΢΢üͷ
Ǵ֮ûܹӵȴʵڷƵϳ֣ȼµƻ֮ûһ˲еɵ
֮ǰԯϾǸ˵˲򵥣ϲӵǴ֮һӵ飡
飬ȻҲ֪٣ȴûмʶγԷƵļɵò˵һͬҲǾãһĶ֡
Ϊ־磬һҪǲɵĸоǼǲܵģΨͬһĴڣŻǱ˴˼ɵ
ΪҶԶӵŲĵƣ˭ҲûаٷְٵİտѹƶԷ
ʱ̨֮ϣƾˣ۶ĽҲһ˲䣬ĵأǱ߽ˣһĻȻǳ˲˵Ԥϡ
ʸüͷһ۷ƣƺҲǳһΣյɫȴû˿Բ²͸ʲô
øǿˡ
ʸ˫ǰһҲص֪ڲϵرǿǷǿĳ̶ȣȻҲǳϣµķƣҲ޷Űܹ֮⡣
Ҫ֪ԼܹŷƽƽΪһжѾıˣƳɳ̫ˣǳϡ
ڷƱøǿ󣬻ʸ˫ȴֻӵظˣϾûһŮˣϣԼ˻Ǳøǿ󣬶ֳ֮£ȻԽǿԽã
ˡƻվڰ֮УǵصƾЦԷػһĵӣȻҲǲֵġ
ȿȣ
ʱƾϵؿţվ̧ͷŷƣȻһˣǿ
ˣ֪ɷ䣿΢΢һЦ־ȻǲҪٴȥΪƾҲ֪ٴȥҲûκ壬˫һȼġ
ڻУһУܽҸ䡣
ʱƾĻشȴǳ˷ƵԤϣƺҪս
̨£ҲЦЦƾƺҲǲľ䣬ҪԼһƸ¶˳ҲûзԣŷƲ֣ҲĬˡ
ãɡ
ȻǲܾϾɻҪƾһЩĵƣԾĻһԼҲһǰӦĶԲߡ
ƵͷӦƾҲǲغһٶƣǼ䣬̨ٶǷ˱仯
һΣûгֳĽ⣬ҲûĽâȴ͸¶һֹһӣ̨Ǳð
ƾվţûгĬĬظܵ仯Ƿ֣ܵƺһּΪĹ켣Ѹٵӿƾ֮У
ûдʱ˿ǿʼػƾ嵱УʱƾҲǿʼسֳһĹâ


2775 ҽ
ƾʱĶȻҲǸоõһΣյף̧ͷƾϣ˴ʱƾһĹâš
ӣ޷͸ƾΡ
̨µϹ޼üͷʶظоһΣգ΢΢һ˫֣һƺƾĵƣȻõơ
ƾֽĸֶԣվĵƣʮֵظֱͣǰơ
ҽ
Ȼ֮£̨֮УҲǶȻشƾŭһӣһƬռ䶼ǲû˲õʱƾǷ˺εȵı仯
ǣϹ޼ȴԣ˫۶ȻһɣҲǲʲô¶ЩݣɵĪ˽һ
ڽ棬һɵĽյİ壬˽һ
⼸ǽļ㣬ܹһزˣҪô˫Ҫôһ
˽һǿԱѹ֣еǿΪһǣһֽ壬ûκơ
ֻҪ˽һհ壬ôʱܹͷųְ壬ȻҲű׶ˣǾǼʹһ֮󣬶ԼԣҲһּΪصġ
һ˵ʹ˽һİ壬޷ɱ֣ôȻͻǱɱ
Ҫ֪Ϲ޼ɣʱҲԶԶû˽һ־磬ֻʿѾˣʦ˽һǿԼΪҲκξ磬ˡ
𾳣һʹ˽һİ壬ӳΪ⽫һޱȿµĴڣͬȼģûԸ޽֮ˣµľ
ƾһŭȻɫҲ΢΢ɫ嶸ȻŭˣһɼΪǿϢƾ
ʱ̨֮Уǳһɷ籩γɵķ籩ͷųΪǿѹǫ̈̄²˶ʶ˺ࡣ
ػһĵӣͣռ塣ʱڿ̨֮ͨҲ̲ס̾Ͼƾ䣬˽ռ壬ѾǷǳ˲õˣ磬Ҳûһһģܹ֮ڽ֮ϲˡ
ػһ壿ػһĵӣ˵ػһֻһôʸ˫ɵǻʧɫһǰû뵽ģƾȻػһˡ
ȻΪ磬˭ܹ̳Ľ֣ȴػһǸϲ񣬻˭ͨЦЦĿУʸ˫һΪİ֡
ʶϹ޼ŵõȻǴһΪʦ𣬽𣬾߶Ķ֣ǽ
񣬺
һ仰Ǳˣ磬һǿ棬֣񣬻н
˼վ˽ļ㣬ûܹڽһ·֮ϣǵжǿΨб˴˲ܹ֪Էһʲôľ硣
һӶ˽ռ壬ʵΪʦģֻǿʲôز
ʱ侲ǲ˲ԾΪʱϹ޼ɵ̫ˣٶȣʵ˷˼
ǰǿˡƺǿϢȴһֱδģƾҪһ֮ʣ֪һУȻ𣬿˵ƾյˡ
վη壿Ƭ֮ȻƾϢǵ÷ǳ֮죬ҲĲΣյףô˵ƾûпһż
ǽռ壬ܹ£ķڷ
ʱȫǿҹâ֮еƾҲǻصƣҲȫƺֻҪƾһͷеǺһغȻ£
ɣ
ƵĻشֻһ䣬ɫȴδжı仯ֻ˫ۣҲ𽥵һɫ棬˵ƣͬһ죡
ƾһȻҪȫȫȻָԼڵǴ֮ǿıƣô׵ضˡ
˫֮һ棬ƵҲǻؾһ̣ɫâȻڶ𣬴֮б
ƼΪˣһ̣ȥǴʱһɫâڷƵУȻеһɫâҲԽԽ磬ûԤõƵһʲô
ʱƵ˫Ҳǻ΢֪ΪΣԺ֮УԼǽһѸͷһǳ棬˱仯


2776 
һ޴ĸͷ𽥵سͣʱ̨𽥵ؼž
һӣ˶ǾˣǶһ־񣬿Ŵʱ̨֮ϣֵĹһĻ
һѾ޴ľɫͷ𽥵رóͣѾǿʼȶɢһĪϢ
ϢõڳĶһδ֪ľ֣ԼģǲΪҪ֣һͷĳ֣ȴǵ궼˸о˲
ʸ׺һֱֵЦݵʱ˿̣ɫһӵرǵضһͷȻΪؼɵ
ǴʱѾʶˣƾȻǿˣһֶΣʲôƾĽԼڵǴ֮۶ɵ򵥣ôΪÿ˵Ķһּɵ
ԲѰҿӣⲢǷƵյơ
һҲصһΣƾпѾǱƳ˷ƵһֵֶΣǱȻⲢǷƵֶΡ
ҲõɵôƵһǱֻǺεȵľˣ
ʱ̨֮ϣͨҲز죬ȻƵһֶΣҲΪȣû̫⣬ʼգһֱһɾɫǴ֮۶ɵĸͷ֮ϡ
ԼģѸͷƺΪĪϢҲǸоһĨƺһֹϵԴԻ֮ǰ
ƫƫ벻ָоԵҲһɻ
ԯͷصļһȻǵ͸¶
Ƭ̣ͨҲʵ벻ĪԼʶҲԷ룬ԵĻº󣬿ѯһ
ͨȼĴڣǸо죬˵ˣʱ̨ܣ˶ǻһ־ֵ񣬿ڰ֮۶ľ޴ͷ
Ա֮£ǰƾ۶ƣԵеˡ
ˣƾҲɲˣѾ۶û˺˵ĿԣֻһѡǾնǰһУ
䣡
һ죬ûκγɣƾϵ貹âһ̣˼£֮ϵգ޷ֱӣ
ǣһΪµȻش貹â֮б˴̨ݺݵ˷ڵĵط
һƣΪͣԿó֮ռ䶼ǱֳһɫѺۡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ȴǶȻ˫ƺǸӦһ¡
ղ⣬ԼǲԼôǴ֮۶ɵһѸͷֻеһͷǼظֶľʶΪ
µҲǹܲôˣƾ۵ĹѾǰҲӲ˫һȣѸ߸߾˫֣ҲǶȻ£
Ƭ֮ȵľɫâ˲ڸһе貹ą̂־ɫâ統УûܹףǷʲô顣
ԼɼǣһѾ޴ĸͷЯһɼΪµƣȻؽٶ£ƾһֱӵײһ
ûоıըȻسҲûпµϵȴһ˵ļž˶ͬһʱо˼ɵ

ʱ̨ȴȻ໤ײһ𣬲ûըҲûκ쳣ɼΪƽһ㣬໤ضţ
貵Ĺâžɫâϵڽײûײ֮䣬Ƿʲô飬ȻһʤƺǿһεĶԾ
Ƭ֮󣬷Ƶ˫Ȼŭɣǣһӿ²ľɫâ
ƣ
һȣǴӷƵĿдʱ˫֮Ųľɫâȫɢһ˿̲סĤ֮Ϣ
һ̣һ㣡
ŷƵһ£ǶŵǴ˼žĶţһıըֱӵرĻϲನ
˲̨ҿżƺҪ̨ķλ
磡
£̨֮ͨҲǶȻŭһıҲǳߣֱӵһӳ̨ܣռĸͬķλ

Щ˽ŭһһӡȻ֮£̨ǳһ͸磬ֱӵֹ˾ɫâ


2777 ˿͸ķ
̨Ľ֣ȻʱҲܵһѹƣǰûа취ǫ̃Ĳˣһ
ʱ̨һ޴֣ĸλᴩ治ϵسſ񱩵Ļ֮ҪӲؽ̨Ҫݻһ㡣
ڹս֮еĻʸ׻ˣѾǱ̶ֳȵ㵵ˣѾ޷ӷˣΪʱֳǿвǣһĻȳ̶ȵĻ֮ǰҲͬϡ
Ǵ֮۶ɵƻ֮Ѱ˸޷ԣȻ콾˫ڶ֮ͬϣǴ֮ȼµƻ֮ǰվ̫ˡ
ֳǴ֮ǲСӡ
ʱǿʼƾİΣֿ񱩵Ļ֮ǰǷܹƵסɱ֣˵ƾǷܹȺ嫵ƻ֮֮д
ƾȾĴڣ˵ػһ壬½ҲǲɶõţûһԸ׵ʧȥһôǿƵһʱԼеڣƾ˽һˡ
ԭΪƾ˽һԱȳƵĵƣȴδ뵽ȶĵƣȴ˺嫵Ǵ֮
޴ĺŽĸ룬Ҳֱܹӵش͸͸Ľ磬ÿ˵ĶУȺһֽҪĤ۵ĸо
ͬһʱ䣬̨棬ɫâ̫ҫۣڳΨǼ˲͸浽ô֮⣬˸ûа취㾰
ػһĳԼɲһƬ貵ľɫâͬʱҲǲκιƾϢ
Īǡƾ𽥵е㽹ˣƾȱ֮Ļػһ˵ȷҲһǳ޴ʧ
Ƭ֮󣬾ɫâƬ̣𽥵ƽȻʱȵλǲ׵س磬ȻٴƬ֮ͨһ£˲䳷֡
ڽ糷һ˲䣬Ȼһȵõò˶ٶˣȵˣʱ̨Ҳ𽥵س˲˵ǰ
ʱ˲ҵ̨˽ǵһ̨Ǳһ㣬ʯԭƽĵ棬ڿȥһ棡
ǣȴûпԼƾӰһҲסˣȥˣ
ɫ𽥵زܣʱ̨˵ƾˣƶûӰʵǵںδ
Ȼʱ̨һռ䶸Ȼ΢ֳһĨƬ֮һӰǴһӰֱӵس˵ǰ
ƣû¡ʱϹ޼ҲǰһȻϳ˷ƣˣƺûж飬ɫƽղǰ䶯޹һ
Ƴ֣һ£Ҳǿ˷ŵˣȻƾ
ֻʱƾƺ˻ԵУҿΪǱȻҲһشһĻɫ΢ػһ㡣
޴֮ˣǰһĻѾ֪ˣͷǷƳ֣ƾȻڸղǵȥ֮£ƾƱҪ
ڳ֮ҲɨһܵƺԼŪĶеˣҲ΢εӺԣȥ߿ϲġ
˵Լ۳еǴ֮һ񸫵ģһ֮䣬ȫԼ뵽֮ƻ
ȿȣڽôҲǸЦ˼ǽȵĳϡ
ȵĳҲһֽôֶˣѲܹսô
ȳϵ֮£Ƴɹؽ˵ֵı䵱УҵҲϿʼȻ̨ѾǱݲгˣȴı䡣
ŷƻʤôǻʸ׶Ǹνĺѻ
ŻԹȥƾҲǰе㲻˼һСģûпȡ
ŽǻԹȥƾҲһҡҡͷˣܹסѾˣͷ־Ȼϡ
Ҳǿˣֻǲôһ㣬Ͼ򵽽ռ壬ҲˣûɱģȻҲǿ΢΢һЦ


2778 ʸVSѻ
ô˵һλǶлһΣûжƾ֡ҲǵЦӷƵнӹ˻Թȥƾ̰ƺҲǰˡ
̰Ǳ̭ˣ㵹ν
ǻʸ׵ĶսĶ֣˽ôƴʱҲ΢΢Ƴһ۴ʱ̨֪ΪΣԻʸѾôɵˡ
˵Ҳ²ⲻôЦŵȴǿԴ￴ЩɵȻɵȴǸѻϡ
ţ΢΢üͷ˵ʸּĶ֣ӦΪɵģǴʱԣɵȴǺѻ
ûпѻսȴãʸҪӮһս»Ҫһ򡣡ҡҡͷҲһֵͳ
ѻ򵥣עſˡ
Ƶ˫Ȼؽһ£ܹĿж˵ⷬѻһЩѰζˣֻʱƶһ֮Ҳûκεķ֡
֮£ҲüͷѾʼˣΨĵؿȥܹ֪
̨֮ϣʸźѻԶվһƬʱѾǱݻٳɷһ̨
㲻ҵĶ֣ɣ˷ʱ䡣
ʸ׵صɨһ̨ҲĪظоһ꣬ղŷֳǿо𺳡
һαףǰҲŹ֮˽˷Ʋ԰½֮֮ȴû̫ѷƷڣֱԼ˷ԡ
ʥŮһЩѰζĹϵƽģһЩԣʸ˫Ψܹ𣬷磬ҲֻʸӭȢʸ˫
ˣûʸ
ǣŷֳԽԽ£콾֮ӣǲвǰ಻סˡ
ԣʸģǾǾǰ򵽷ƣԱ֤Լĵһ֮ǿĴڣ
Դ󣬿ϧûӦ
ǣûʸ׾ȵǣʱĶ֣ѻȴǻ̧ͷ־Ŀ³
ʸ׶Ȼһ㶣ɫҲǱе࣬սһȭͷȻˣҾͲˣ
仰˵ʱѻ˫Ҳǳ׵س˻ʸ׵ǰûʸһһ˫˵ɫӣûав
ߣ
ʸǿܹӵƣҲֱӵصһʱ֣Ǽ䣬һӰЯ޾ĿƣȻسˣ
ţһƺ̸ʲôʸƺǲǰһͻȻ¶һȤɫΪʱʸֳֵϢøӿ񱩣ԶԶسԭֳֵĳ̶ȡ
ʸףףΪʲôˡȷصǶǲߣȻǿԴһЩΪϸ΢Ķߣǿıʡ
ʱʸ׻ƣޱȣԼػ̺ŷ֮Ѿˣʸ֮ȻԵ
һڷƶԣƺǱȽϤΪ׵ձʣǴֻ֮еһֻԶѡ
Ȼʱƻûܹؿʸ׵ΪѾ֪ԼҪ֪ģǾǣʸ׵ƺ֮
֮ƽʱΪˣװôһӣԸһ档ҲǳЦ˵֮ߣһԣƢΪױ꣬Ϊ֮һſ֮лӰߵԸ
Ҳǲ֪һ㣬֮ռ壬ϧûгɹƵصһȻзȨ
Եհ壬ʲôȻһеƻ֮Ǵ
ȻʸҲ֪Եǹ⣬˵ʱĻʸף޵ؽӽԼҲ˵ʸףһ԰壬ôҲӵǴ֮ʱ
һ㣬ȴʮֵΪظоõʱʸһƺѾǵһּµľ磬Ͳһ㣬ǿɱ䣬һȫµĲΡ
ôԣûκвƺ뵽ͬһ㣬ҲЦ
νĵЩĻǰѻҲսȴǵҡҡͷ


2779 ѻ
ûоãǰѻ˵ĸое졣
üͷûע⵽ѻŹۿѻսҲ𽥵˼ɵ֮ģΪѻʹõԼûмʶ
Ҫ֪ػһĵӣΪ½Ϊϵ֮һػһԨԴǿ׷ݵǳؾԶΪȴǼʶδʶҲһ־ȡ
䣬
ƴʱҲעһ֮󣬲ǻ³ôһ仰ѻϣܵ־˵ڲϵ𽥵һƬ̨ͬһƬ
ԺѻΪģԲǳֱ֮
һ𽥵ƶǿʼĵسһĨܺ棬ѻʲô
ѵûа취鵽ѻô
ʵܹӵˣԲ֮˵޶ɣȻȻǱˡ
ûУոѾ̰ǶֵһЩϧ޼ѰѻͻȻðһ㣬ڱ֮ǰȫû˵Ĵڡ
Ҳҡҡͷʱãһ䣬»ʸҪӮ»Ҳˡ
Ǿȼɣ飬ȱǻҪżҲͻȻЦȻѻϵҲԱȵǣڿ˻ʸʧܡ
ѻܹʸףԣδһ¡
ʱڿ̨֮ϣͨ죬ʱҲüǺѻȴǶԱߵһڳʵѻǲ鵽ʲôô
һα֮ԾУһͨҪһ飬Ҫһ£һЩ֮ܳܲΪá
˵һβμӱ׵ȶӵУԱǷܹΪá
һα˵УΨһһѯˡ
ʱһȳҲվȻ绹Ȳ鲻ˣʵ޿ɷϡ
ôͨҲüͷѡ˳˼ܹȶѯˣֻиӰѻǲһˡ
׽еڣ˺ѻôһˣͨԼظоƺ𽥵Լƿ֮С
顣
ͨҲ׷ѻΪѻϵͬҲǸоЩһʶĸо
ͨɻ󣬽첻ǷƣѻһƵĸоȴƫƫ벻ˡ
ʱ̨֮ϣ֮սѾŻʸ׵ȳ֣ǿеս֣
ʸ״ʱһףһһ̺ŷ֮ƣһֽ޷赲ĸоǻϹ޼ɻֻǰ֧Ų˶١
˵ʸ״ʱѾΪľƣ𽥰Լ˳֡
ͬһ̨ʱȴطڻţۣѻȴһƽһɫ΢ʼ֮Ȼڶ
ЩɫȻ֮£һ㣬һһƣһ㣬źѻȫ
飡
һĵͳҲֱӵõò˶ǰһΣƺÿһĵͳǽŵվڵһض˲һ
ǿ
ʱϹ޼ɵɫǴ𽥵תŨؾ㵣ʱǻʸףǺѻ֮õо֡
ȻͬΪȴԶԶԼܹأͬһ磬ӵеȴر
ƺǲ˵ȴһּžĳĬУһۣӸԵء
ʱƣ̨֮ϵսҲԽԽȻͬһ̨֮ϣӰϵ˸ţ۶ƶ
֮սȴδֹͣһֱڲϵŸֶν໤棬񱩵ϵشӻʸ׵
ǹǣԭ񱩵˵Ǳ֯ˣҲԼһֱɢļ󣬲ӻʸľ˿ȴ𽥵ںѻƵĺɫϢ𽥵ɣ
ûɣǿ˵ȫһֶ߽˻ʸ׵ĹƣҲ˵ܴʱʸ׶ʲôնûа취ԺѻκʵԵ˺
һ˵ǷǳҪ֪ʸ׿˿κˣȴںѻǰԵе㷦


2780 ֮
һĻķƺ˵Ԥϡ
ǰƵˣͨЩϹҲΪʸܹɵػʤǲɵĻʤҲǿѹ棬ɵؽ˵֡
ǰһĻʸ׿ʼȻǱˣһĻǼΪزһĻĽпܻǻʸף
ʸ䣿֮ǰûκ˻뵽ôһĻƫƫһĻԸط˵ǰֻҪսسȥսǻʸף
ǻʸ״ʱܹƽ֣ӶǰȨƿԼУпܻһʤǰܹõ
ȥʸе㲻˰ҪõˡһֱעսķչƬ֮Ҳǻҡҡͷ
Ⲣǻʸˣѻʵص̫ˣӻʸҪɽûа취õ
ţһҲǸãһ»ʸ׻ʲôơ
֮Уʸװ壬֮ڣһ֮ʯҲһ߳񽣣Ϊ׽ʱ֮
ûв´Ļʸ׿Ҫõ֮Ȼе㲻˼飬ȷƫƫˣʸױ˵ѹƣ֮䣬Ҳûʲô̵Ļˡ
֮ԣɵ΢΢һ㶣֮Թ֮ΪԼãһ㣬ΪֲȻ޷Ǵ֮ȡ
ȵĲ֮һ֮ڶ֮ǰҲֹһλ֮壬޳𾳣ų𣬶֮죬ûв´ĻʱһӦڻʸ׵С
صһЩȵİأЩ¿添޷֪ģΨͬǾͷʵ֮һػһ壬֪һЩ
˵лɫҲ΢΢ر仯һʸӵĻҲܹӲʤ㡣
֮ԱƺΪΨ𾳵ˣܹãĿǰƿǻʸ׶֮䣬Ҳܿ⡣صΪˣʱĺѻϢһֱδκεĲ
Ҳ˵ʸеƣѻȻҲУһ˿֮
ʱʸ׵Ĵȷͬ˵һ㣬е㲻Ͼµѻ֮䣬ƺǼΪؿԼԼĹƶôͶܹԷһһػ
УԲǣűߡʸ׶Ȼ˺һǿԼʱ侲˼Ӧ֮ߡ
˵׵ڣƺǲˣԼԵĶ֣ûһǼѰ֮ˣǰѻԣԼöûκΰ취
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸɫһĨᶨƺ֮Уʲôһ㣬ʸ׵Ʊǻһɿ֮Ȼرֱӵ˺ѵ޵Ŀռ䡣
˹ǣʸ׻ذԼƶǸһռѺ֮УƬ֮һ峺ĽȻƿն֣

Ϲ޼ɶȻһ㶣ʸ׻һǿߣĻѹ˻ƻ˳ס
ûκγɣʸ͵ذԼд޵ĿռѺ֮гȥƳ֣һɢâĳȻ˻ʸ˫У
ôҪôʱѻȴҡҡͷϧҲκαҲƾе׽Զκ˺
ѻ˵һ仰ʱȻǳǿ֮ģ֪ʸ׵ĵƣһǲ²⵽ˣʸײò׽
ˣδܹӦ׽ĵزǵһʸҲ΢΢شŴе׽׽֮£㵹Ҳǲԩ
ĳҵĺô˵ɡ
ڻʸ׵ĩţѻȴҡҡͷеĶȻı仯ˣ֮ƵĺڰϢҲŨ࣡
һӣ̨ٶȳű֮ʱѻȥһһһɼΪŨĺɫЦ̽㣬ʲôǽ
һ̣ѻеһżΪŨĺɫҲǻ۶һѳҿӣƺŻʸеһ׽޼
ںѻⷬ˲ˣǿ۵һѳʱõ˶ǳԾ
Ʋɵ΢΢һ˫ֶΣԼղʩչֶһģһôѻȻҲܹģ


2781 İ
ѰģǼ򵥵ģ³һѱģеϣ
ʱںѻеһɫâƵĳɢ˿ڻʸе֮
һ֮
һĻõ÷üѣΪһȻѹûúѻ¶Լĵơ
ʱʸ˶ޱȣȻǸо˴ʱѻв
Ѿǳϣѻֳֵģܹ
֮壬ϧ㻹ûĻҪԸ㣬ҲΪѻ̧ͷ
ʸûв죬ʱ޵ϵ˭ܹû֮
Ҳͬѻԣ֮֮ûռ壬ҲǴ֮
ѾǴżȵ֮ķơ
ҵǣ޵Ѿռ壬ԲҵĶ֡
ѻ̧ͷʶһ£ʲô

ںѻ仰֮󣬶ȻأںѻеһѺɫǱ˿µĲ
һɫǴӺѻеĳɢ֮ռ䶼ǶȻر
Ȼ̧ͷһۣ˸֮е𺳣
ʱѻһ̫ˣѰûа취𺳣
ںѻһΪ֮ݣű䣬޾Ϣ
һΡʸ׿²ˡصȻѻࡣ
û˵ȴĬĬص˵ͷѻֳƶǲҵġ
һɫĽâȻػ˳գЯ˾ֵƣֱӵغը£
飡
̨˲ţһȻѾǳ˷Ƶ˵ϣĪɣһҲܹ֮
Ϊںѻһ֮£ҲǸоĿ֮Ǵ޾һ㣬Ҫ䣡
̨ܣʱѾǳЩռһزȶҪ̨Ҫݻٵһ㡣
֮£ǼλȳϣȻҲûа㻰˵ֱӵٶǱٶҪȶ̨Ŀռ䡣
һ֮Ȼǿֲ˹Ƶ˶ϲ½ŵǣȳٶǳ˽磬Է֮ս硣
ʸȻҲǲʾҲѸٵؽ˵ķ֮ϵش
ң֮ĳ֣Ƭ֮һϢĺɫȴȻ͸Щ֮С
ûκεĳɣƬ֮һӰǺȻأȻǻʸף
һĻ˶ɫȻرˣʸ׾Ȼǰˣ
ƺһֵֽۣԽܣʸײжԷȻҲ̶ֱֳӵرܣ
ʱʸ˵ϣΪѵزеҲǿʼðࡣ
ԣʸе㲻ԾʱҲ΢΢üͷڻʸϵЩɫâš
ֺɫâȻԻʺѻϣʱѻȴͬһ㣬ƺղŵһûкķ
㻹Ҫ翹ô
ѻؾеĳҲüͷ֮ռ壬޷һս
޷һս
ѻֱ̫ǿˣͬʸ׶ƺ޷֮ԵУͬͨ춼ǿ͸
ѻֱ̫ˣһȻ˵ؿ£ʸ׶޷ԵС
ڻʸףȻʮֵֻҪǶԷûͻ𾳣ôʸҲžԵһս֮
ǣʱȥƺѹû㹻źѻս
׺ѻϵһǺηʥ
ʸ׼ѵվе񽣣ɫҲһֲŵɫ޷ܣԼȻɵرˡ
Ժѻͬһ㣬ѻϵоޱȡ
ͬһ㣬ʱпܰ
㵽˭
ʸײһѪ˫ضźѻܹӵˣԲ֮
˭α⣬㣬Ҫͳɣһζ֣ҿɾ˵׼᲻һСľͰɱˣѻ̧ͷ֮û˿ĸ鲨ƺѹѻʸ׷С
ܵԺѻ֮еӣʸŭ־һ㶼ӱˣԼִܵ
ⷬز䣬Խܣ
̫ˣ
ʸŭһžԼе񽣣ҲҧгݵصҪӮңûô򵥣
ޣѰ·ˡѻʸ׻Ҫ̵ֿҲǲΪȻҡҡͷ
˽ֵ෴ʸ׵ĵƺѾþˣȴδκ֮Ѿ˳֡
ʸ׸ͲǺѻĶ֣
ʱʸ˶ǿԼ侲һԼĺɫâһҲ˲ضԼڵ֮ɢ
ɶʲôʸڼٵ˼ߣղŵĽ֮У֪˲֮Ϊࡣ
ѹƣ
Էʹõ֪ǺεԼظԼ˼ѹƣ޷֣
Ҫ֪ʱʸڵǵǴ֮ķƣڵķ֮Ҳǲ
Ժѻ޷ӳŻȾ档
Ҳѹֺѻ˵ûĲϣͿȵѹס˻ʸףҲ˵ǻʸİ壬Ķ֡
֮İ壬Ǿ͵ǷǴ֮ƶǾôξһǳɾһǴ֮ʸҪõɡ
УԲ㵹£
ʸǺεˣô䣬ȲѣҲֻóԼƣ
ⱾԭҪıʹãǰһĻԼõĻ޷Ժѻ
֮֮
ʸ׶ȻŭһǽԼƣ͵ط֮Ľ֮ϣֱӵһ
ʺѪҺ˳Żʸ£𽥵֮ϣһĪ𽥵سֶ
ʸױƵûа취ˣȷҪóʱҲЦһ
ڻüͷȻǿ˻ʸ״ʱҪʲô
ԼѪ׵׻е֮
ûֻһĻûа취ܺѻôҲûκλˡҡҡͷûʸһˡ
ҾãɲǺѻ̫ǿˡҡҡͷòϵǣѻ㹻ǿ󣬶ҵҲûб¶κεơ


2782 ʸװܣ
˷ƵĻ֮Ҳ˳˼С
ʱĻʸ׵ȷûаʤ㣬ͬҪԼѪ֮İ취Ҫó˵;ˣʱĻʸף˵Ǿˡ
Ķ֣ѻȴһֱδչֹԼΪ֮ɵ顣
Ȼ̨֮ϣʱĻʸе񽣣Ѿǻ˿µһһµ֮һޱȿµĴڣǿԽʱĳӣԶ
ѻ˿ΪضŻʸףʱеĳͷֱӵɢ˿Уȴ˫ֿʼغһ
˸µӡŷƵҲδԿóʱѻӡֻǿһӰڳ֡
źѻӡ̨֣Ŀռһεزһ޵ĺڰϢ̨֮ϡ
ѻϢûг̨һΧ֮ڣγһͬһĴڣ
оѻı仯ʱͨɫҲ࣬˻֣һλȳӦ
ע㣬þױˡͨ컺ص˺ѻƺ׼ˣȻ̶ֳȣпܣʸ׻Σա
Ϊȵʥӣһĵӣ֮£ȻǲܹӲܡ
ȵĵطǸĺѻеôʸ˫Ϊȵصһͨ죬û뵽ͨȻ㷴Ӧ
ֱѻأһ죬ʸײĶ֣ڵĻʸ׼ٻ񽣵Ҳ޼¡ͨ˫¶ǵâǿ˽֡
Ǹѻôǿôʸ˫ͨôһ˵ҲǳĬѻֵǿƣôǶ½ϡ
ģƱȻʸ׺һ㣬Ѿһİ壬һǻʸĵطͨҲҡҡͷҷϵǴ֮ӦǿԿǺѻĹ
ͨ˵ʸ˫Ĳ΢ذһЩǳŵģһɫķƣµҲֻܹڽͬͨԣɵԺѻ
ˣ
ʱ̨֮ϣһ޴ȻشһɰƣҲԻʸ׼ȷ˵Ӧеһ
񽣲ϵţµƣϵţѻʱҲĳǰһ㣬˫ֺʮ̧ͷŴʱĻʸף΢΢¶һĪЦ⡣
һ㣡
Ƭ֮󣬻ʸ׵˫ŭɣ貵âظ߾еľ޽Ȼ£
һ޴ıըȻֻһͨĽâ֮г˳գݺݵһһơ
㣿ʶһ£ʲô㣡
ѻ˿Ϊ˫ҲǻɿǱ³һ䡣
򣡡
ĸֵһ£һֱӵشӺѻ屬ɢ̨
ͬʱ仯Ļͬһĵ棬ɫ˿˿Ƶش͸˲γһ޴󷨣µַϵس֣ÿһַ̺żΪµ
Ȼ仯̨ǱһֳűϢ֣ʱںѻıԼðһ޴ĺӰ
ӰȥΪһޣѻһ㣬ֻ̫޴ˣʵη
ںѻһӰڳ֮Ҳֱӵس𣬻һƬ޴ĺƣֱӵס̨ŵϵ˸âַϣһͽ֮⣡
Ȼʱʸ׵ĹѳȻ޷ͣƬ֮һ׳ޱȵĽâǾ֮ϵĺڵµĿ֮ŽâҪݻһУ
ѻҲ˷ƱǣһɹɼΪŨĺɫâȻشڱ˲ɢ̨
һʱ֮䣬Ȼųܹ֮̂ڵ龰ͨҲǲܣ
ͨ˫һ£âƣƬ֮ɫüΪأ˻֣λȳһۣҲǱȻʸƺΣˡ
⣬ʸײУ
ҲͬһʱֿܵܣҲǱޱȣעһƬźڰϢ̨͸顣


2783 ˣ
޾ĺɫ̨ò˵ѻĹ֮ʱֶΣͨ춼޷һʱ浽Ƿʲô顣
ȻʱǸ˶óٲʲô»ʸ׾е㲻ˡ
ԷΪȻҪԻʸ׶ֲ֣˲Դʱʸ׷ǳΣա
λȳϱʱֱӵվ̨ܣҪֱӵسȥȴ֣ǵȺɫĹâȴǼΪŨһԼγһ󷨣ֱӵذλȳ£
λȳһۣǸҲһӡȻݺݵذ˵棬Ȼ̨Ƿ˾޴Ĳ
վף̨֮ϵĽƣȵģٲãҲǿ̨֮ͨϵĽˣ
飡
һ̨ǶȻغݺݲһ̨֮ϵĺɫâҲֱӵرɢͬܵʲôһ㡣
ԼĪƬ֮Щɫâǳ׵ɢ˿Ȼʱ̨֮ϵ龰ȴǳ˵ǰ˶ֱӵصɴԼ˫ۣǿʲô˼һ㡣
ôôܣ
ǿȵʥӰ
ǶҲǲô
һȻΪǴʱǣʸ״ʱѾֱӵػ˹ȥе񽣣ʱҲǱݺݵ˦ɵ˲Զ
ǰתĿʧˣһƺҲǲȻʸ׵ƣ
ȻΪ˾ȵǣʱĺѻȴ¶һҪºֵģЩɫâ֫ڽţ´ʱʸѾˡ
ǷƣһĻҲɵǵһʸ׾Ȼǰܵ˳ף˿ûô
ȻʱѾǰѽˣǾǻʸײкѻǶǰ֮£Ҳ޷صĺѻ࿹⣡
ʱ򣬲֮лعжŹͬɻǾѻԺηʥȻ£ͬȵʥӣĶ֡
ͷһۣǾѻƺٶȳǵϣ
֪ôôʵò˵ʱѻǴвѾˣ
ղǵ֮£޷ܵ浽ǷʲôҲҡҡͷɫأѻʵв
ʸ׶ǰ˵زһǶˣ˰ɡ
һΣʸãǼٶһ㣬ȾҪʧȥһʥˡҲҡҡͷɫе㸴ӵص
ȷһȵļλϳ֣´ʱʸ׾Ͳ˻Թȥˣ˵ǰһ߱ʬ壡
ѻȫͷƶ˿ɣղһ㣬ôʸ׾ɥȪˣ
ף㵽ֹֹ
һλȳҲǳ˺ѻҲǱüɵʸ׶ǳΪӣʵѻжôǿ
һ㣬ǾǸʬˣã´οɾûˡѻ屻̨ɫ˿δңǹЦŵ
ߣȻҲǲ˵ʲô˵ǶںѻʲôˣϾʸ׼ˣûʲô˵ġ
һα䣬ѻʤ
ȳҲֱӵһαĽȻºѻٴζֱ֣ӵҪ˻ʸ׵ӵĻӿɾʹˡ
ѻԼ⿪֮󣬿һǻԹȥĻʸףҲǲмҡҡͷһĻڲȵĵõΪð
ֱӣʸǵʥӣȴ˱˻ܣʱ򻹳Ǿ̫ˣȻȴûκΰ취ѻǿ󣬸ոѾչˡ
ûһˣ˵ԼаѹƺѻȻǴʱȻҲûգ
ȻһĽֵıҲǽβƬ֮ȳֵܹı䣬һĸˣ
ƣѻ
ĸˣνǴһǿߣȻĸ棬ֻһܹʤڱ˹ͬʱҲ棬˭һһˣ
ֳǩʼ
Ҳûκε󣬼ǻʸˣǸýȥı䣬Ҫɣʱ򣬵ֳǩѾֱӵؿʼˣ


2784 
һΣ̨֮ϣֵˣֻĸ
վżԼĳǩʣĸˣܽĶ˭Ȼ̫ɣҪɻʤѾǲˡ
صĺѻǸ֮УһҲ÷Ʋ˼ɵ
ǰѾǳ˸Եֵ˷ƣֽȥһһ˳ԼҲһֱۣӵ̯¶˵֮ϣ
1
ֱ֣ӵӡڷеһ˷ƽǵֱĵһȻĶ֣һӵбΪ1ˡ
Ƶ߻ɨӶ¶˵Цݣ֪˽
ȻԼϣеźȻҲ1
һƶ
֪˵ùˡ΢΢һЦϷƣǲжɣƻΪɵһ֮һ
µҿɲġغһǵ˵ףֻҪѣԶѹҲ̫
֪ҲȫԸ˵ͷɫҲǱ֮࣬ҲԼһΪսĻ档
ʣµͺѻȻǺʵһ飬ΪڶǣѻôһĮȻ֮ɫֻƳһˣת̨ƺ˭֣ûжӰ졣
෴ʱϣǰǵαЦѾǵȻ޴棬ز˭֪ԼĶǺѻ֮󣬿Ҫ޷ɡ
ҾʱĿ϶ҪˡƿɫҲ̲סЦص
ҾҲˡһЦʵҲûжĺøУ˵ĵһֱ̫αˣ¶Цݣֱ˿˾
ǿԿʼˣס㵽ֹ
ʱȵĳϣҲһĿʼٶȸǣ㵽ֹϾһνֵģһػһ壬һǳʲô£Ҳǲõ
ƺص˵ͷһ̨֮ϱֻˡ
Ӷ˭Ҳûȶ֣Ƕԣû˭Ϊǿ˵˭ȶ֣˭ˣһȶ֣ǱԷ¶һĴ
֣ԼΡ
ʱȴͻȻصɫҲǱƺż֡
ԣҲ΢΢صһüͷɵЦ֣뽲
һα䣬˭ӮӦöҪԺѻصɫеصԼһоʤ
Ϊ֮һ㶣Ҳ⣬Ϊһα֮󣬲ʤǷȻڵ֣ԵĶǺѻ
ǿɲãܹаսʤѻȻԺѻȿµĶ֣۷״̬ǣʵûаնԸ
ҲΪˣһоʤ뷨һйȻܹ˴֪˴˵ս˭ʤ˭˵˭ǿһ㣬ȻǺԵֳ
Ϊܹ㹻İӭսѻһоʤҲǸ뷨
á
ڳ˼Ƭ֮Ҳصص˵ͷ
뷨һУҲԴܶˣҲúķ̫ľϾ֮䣬˵ʵҪֳߵͣҪһЩʱ䣬Ȼʱ棬ǺķѵľҲĶࡣ
һĻôڽĶԸѻսͻԵ㣬ɲǺ¡
һзֳʤõѡ
ȻˣǾɣ֮䣬һзֳʤ
ƵͷҲǹһЦƶȻţȻơ
ˣҲǵ˵ͷԼƣһɾɫâǻһ֮Ҳ𽥵رâš
һзֳʤ֪Լõƣ¾Ҫˡ
ȻʱȻе㲻ʾôΨһľǿ
ԴĻô͵ֱӵرıȿֲ֮£ǰҲδܹڲ֪ǰ֮£س
Ҫһзֳʤǰ֮£ܹõֶΣǾֻпˣ
ȻԣɲʮֵȶҲֻǾش߶ˣһǿʧЧôҲûκεİ취
˾ƾڵھ֮ţȻһƼΪϸȴѭĪѨϣţ


2785 1
Ȼʱ̨֮ϣ˫ƣһзֳʤ֮䣬ûκεıʲôһ֮·ֳߵ͡
˶ǽ˫ڲϵشſϾҲûаٷְٵİգԼش
Ƭ֮̤ǰһȻ֮£̨֮Ĳ˶͵̧ͷƺһţǲһֹ
ûκȵʱȴһͣһʱľһ㣬˫
ҿҪŶ
Цһ£Ƴһ۷ƣȻ׼ʲôȻʱ򣬲ʲô̫׶Ը
ԣãȥһսʤϵʱѾ㹻ˣ
Ȼ֮󣬶Ȼ֮£˵ֱʧԭأһֱӱȥĿȻǷƣ
ʱƻûܹɹشҲ޷潻֣˫δȴ˺Ҫݱķâ
ѡ˱ܣȻǲܷŴ׷ĻᣬҲǿˣƺǷȱʲôĻԷƵԸ񣬿϶ȶ֣
֮£̨֮ϣʱǳ˹һĻڽ˫ϵ˺󣬽ٶȣơ
׷ᣬѹûд㣬һУ˫ûлƲҪ֣Ҳûа㷨ӡ
ôˣȻ֣ʸ˫ڿ̨֮ϣüͷڷֳĶʮֵع죬һζؽжͲǷƵԸ
ͨ΢΢Լ˫۲һ֮󣬲¶һΪеȤɫƺ׼ĳ
ʸ˫ԣһҲп˼ƵʩչεȻҪʱô
̨£ѻȴһֱĮɫ̨֮ϵ˽е׷𣬵Ѱûвõǣѻֱڻţ˫һΪսĻ𽥵ظ֡
˭һϣܹҾȫɣĻôһ˶ȡ˱׵ĹھͷԣǴ
һҲԺѻĿлشݶûע⵽ѻʱ״
ʱֻҲǳϹ޼ɵߣѾ˹ֻɫǰز԰ס
ţˣû°ɡϹ޼ɿֻʳˣҲЦŵʱֻʵߣղųֵǸҲǽ
ţ޴󰭣ֻҪϢһʱˡֻҲǿЦŵ̨֮ϣѯʵڱΣ
Ϲ޼Ҳһһʮؽղ˵ֻʸ׶Ǳѻɻ֮ܵ󣬲ɵ¶һ𺳵ɫ
ͬĸҲˡ
ʸ׾ȻǰǸ˵УЦİɡֻе㲻ŵصϾͻʸ׽֣ʸ׵ǿ֮Ȼʸ׶ɵرܣԲ²õǺѻжǿ
Ȼܲ˼飬ʵϹ޼Ҳ̾һϾٻ˺ѻôһǿĶ֣ǳ˵ϵС
ڷƶжʤ㣿ֻغһҲ֮½ʵҲǿʼע⵽ս
ƺԼҪһзֳʤ˫ûж֡Ϲ޼ʼ
һзֳʤ
ʱֻʵĸҲǻ̧ͷƳһ̨֮ϲ϶˱ܵķƣҲҡҡͷȥĻһпɾ˵㡣
һ£ҵĸ磬״磬ֻʴʱҲЦŵϹ޼Ҳǵ˵ͷҲǱһּɵ˼һǸҺͻʸ׽аˡ
һҺϤôȻԼĵơֻҲǳ˼һ˵Ը㣬ҪôҪôˣ㹻İա
ܹӦһзֳʤǾʹţӵʵڵĵơ
û˵ʲôʱҲǿʼע̨ı仯ϾһȽ׵Ķ֣һģһˣǷƻ޷Ĵڡ
㻹Ҫ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡ʱȥôãҲ׷Ĺ֮ŭȵƺѾַʽ
Ȼ֮ʣһֱ˺ķƣȴǶȻͣٶ£Լ˫ƣҲΪ֮һ
ڿ潻ô


2786 2
ͣٶ£Ҳ¶һЦݣ֮еâϵ˸ͬһۻʣͶ֮䣬Īڷ
ڡҪʽŶ
·Ҳǻ̧ͷһĨЦݣǼ䣬еڶһǳž˵¶ȣһЯſµĻ֮
Ǵ֮֮ռ壿
ƳһۣҲ΢΢һЦȻĻôҲ㿴ҵ壡
֮ʣȻ̨ĿռҲǻһƬ֮޷ԶһͷɫĳƮţȻȴǻ̯˫֡
֮壡
ֱʱ˲֪һ֣磡
壺ɱ
ŭһ˫ֱǸֵӡһʱ䣬ǫ֮̃ϣżΪµķ
Ȼس֣һаټ̨ȴͻȻسķУÿһѷжǲϵתи֮Ŀռ䣬ֱӵظֳһɫѺۡ
Ȼ壬磡
ңӦþǰѻһԼ壬ݻһƬ򣡴ʱķвϵת֮£𽥵̨һ־˿Ǹ֮У
壿ÿµķ硣ֻʴʱһصصףּĶ֣ԶȻ֮ϣȴر
ڸղŻʸ׵Ķս֮У֮Ĳ࣬һ㣬ΪʸĲ棬ֻʣԲŻɵػ
ֻȥӭսĻ»ǰܵø죡ͲһεĶ֡
ţ֮ˣǶĲݣǰҲرѰ޷⡣ʱҲԱߵص
磬Ҳ壿ʱֻȴͻȻʵ
˵ͷû˵Ҳ൱ڳˣϾղվ̨ŵŻʸ˵ĻȻҲԼ͡
ʸ׽һİ壬ȴ̤һɹԼ壬ɱСôһ㣬ʱôһ㣬ȴ˶⡣
ô㿴ܹԸôֻԼҲˣǰһҲ׷ʵ
ѡ
ţȴҡҡͷĴ𰸣ֻʺϹ޼ɶΪ֮죬ѣʲô˼
õȻҲǰһ֣ԾǻʸҪ׷һ־磬壬ͨĳֶΣǿеںϵ
ĳһ£Ǵȷܿ£ǿ˵Ϊǿƻ֮ҲΪǷȣźܴĲࡣ
ô˵޷ţϹ޼üͷҲ¶һֵǵɫ
Ҳô˵ķ棬ƿԵѹơҲǵصֻ޽ӽ㡣
˴˶ĴڣҪ˵ľѹƣǼ޷һӵ𼶱Ϊܹˡ
ͬΪ֤˵һ㣬ʱ̨֮ϣ˫һֽŵ֮УεķţƺֻҪеͷһǿ̷˿µ޲𹥻
෴ʱ˵߶˷Ƶϣһأɫ棬ȴûĶδе㴦·ˡ
ɣһзֳʤʱȴ̧ͷǿ֮е
Ĭû˵ʲô¶һصɫķƣӦú˫Ĳ࣬ȻʲôŻ÷֮ҪԼ֡
ȴûи˼Ļᣬ£Ƭ֮󣬷غһƵľɫâҲ˲ؽֶ
һʱ䲻˾ʧԭأȻͬʱȻԼ˫˫ֵӡرò
һХĿдʱ̨ܱУ˲ÿХϵиռ䣬ƴʱǻ֮еһ档
˿ȥһžɫâʱϨĿԡ
䣡
Ȼ֮£һ죬ֱӵ̨֮дȻһ̣ǣһҫ۵ľɫâԼǿҵϯ̨
ͬһʱ䣬λȳٶǱ˵Ľ֣Ҫٶ̨Ľˡ


2787 ı
貵âҫ̨ıըǲϵػţȻʱ̨ٶǱڵǴ֮ţһеʶ̽Ѱ
ʱͨ죬ǺѻǶüͷŴʱ̨Ǻ֪սḶ́κΣܵģΨǳżΪµ֮⣬û
֮£ԼĪǰӣΪսѾǽˣǳϵǣһٶǴ˾˵
䣡
ضҪ̮һ㣬ͨɫҲ΢΢ز죬¶һ˼ɫܹģӵеİ壬ˡ
е˼뿴Ƿơ
ʱҲͻȻ˫ص
ˣˣǺѻɫĮȻ࣬һΣȴǿ֮пЩɵ
һεľƬ֮󣬲Żƽ£ƽ貵ľɫâҲ𽥵
Ȼʱ̨֮ϵ𽥵س˵ߵС
Ӱһǰһس˵ǰȻǷ
ʱ˵ɫƽޱȣϸĲĻԿ֮УǲЩ㵣ƺڸղţʲô˼һ㡣
һα䣬Ȩ
ߵȵĳǰȴֱӵؿڵ
仰һʱ˲˵ľȣ䣿ղŵ׷ʲô飿ػһҪ䣿
üͷԿ˵仰ķڷûа㲻ޣҲ˵ղŵı䵱УžԵѹʤһ㣬Ƶôģ
ơӮˣֻе㲻˼صơȻӮ
ƺǵġϹ޼ɿЦҡҡͷʵҲǶڸղţ̨֮ϵǷʲô顣
ʱ̨֮ϣȳ϶ҲǸеһ㵣Ҳȷϵȷ
һ۷ƣҲЦŵ˵ͷȷ
ڵõٴȷ֮󣬵ȳҲֱӵһֱ䣬ƻʤ
ˡ
ҲЦűȭص
ˣͬ峤˵һ󡭡㵽ôģ
ҡҡͷȻˣҲû˻ģҲûһԷƣڸղŷǼΪķڷ
˲֪ղ̨ʲô飬ȴʮֵ¹ȥˣҲĿ
Ķ֮УҲΪԼȵѹƷƣͷƵȴǶȻǿˣһͨǿ
Ķһ£޷ֿǵȿµԵط˵ֱֿӵ䡣
ΪǷƵĵƣ
ͷԵĻһ£Ϊͷܹ˿µҲЦЦûϵҪҪ֪Լôġ
һ˲ս
Ҳģɵػش⣬Ͼֱӵ˵ÿ˶ÿ˵ܡ
ԭˣѹղһֱΪ׼ɡҲ˹еǶԼ֮£޻˵
ţϾͬһ㣬ǿʱġҲʼҲˣһ֣ȷûбҪ
ףûƵĻǲŽйءҲɵһЦҲķƵļ򣬵ˣһҲˣ͵ÿˡ
ʣҪԺѻ
Ȼѻصǿߣ͸¶Ź죬Ȼͨ죬Ҳ޷͸ĵϸ˵ΣԵһ֣
֪ģΣھҵģ
غһƳһǺѻɫȻޱȣԼ֮УҲ͸¶һţ
ͺá˵ͷҲ̨ģǵڶ䣬ѻ
һ䣬˵ʵڳû˿ϾǰѻĿʵѾչ˳ҪʤĻʣûжĿԡ
Ҳʵˣȴûлʸôңڳһ֮󣬱ֱӵ䣬ΪԼǺѻĶ֣ͽ͵Ҳùѡ
һֱʱ֮ʼ
ʱȵĳȴ˰ʱ֮󣬿ʼһֵı


2788 ɽ
һ֣ǰһһҪðʱ֮Ȼ˲˵ϣѻüͷȴûж˵ʲô
̨Ҳǵ˵ͷϢʱ飬ⷽľ
ƣƺҲ˺ѻСЦʱĻָ÷Ƶ״ָ̬۷״̬
Ʋźۼص˵ͷͬʱԶĿ̨֮ϣ˻ʸ˫ܵ˶Է̺еҲǵͷʾԼҪ
ϾһεıףԸ÷ƶȡھȻҲǲϣһĺѻùھ
ʱֻҲԱ߷
˵ûа취֪ѻô
ƻ̧ͷò˵ѻʵ̫ˣʹõȻҲǰδţǣѾİ塣
ֻʵһۣҲҡҡͷʾΪѻͬƾðһ㡣
ƣϺѻмְգϹ޼ҲǳʵѻǿѾõǶ˵ƶ޷㹻ģǾû˿ԶԸѻˡ
΢΢˳˼УƬ֮Ҳǵɲ㡣
ɲ㣡
仰֤ԼģΪԺѻûжİգ
ɲ㡭ֻϹ޼һۣҲΪΣǵǶûİ취ƶˣǸ˵ܹʲô
İɣΣһǾȫģɱˣʸ˫ҵŮˡ
ЦЦҲһֻʵ˵ļʾⲻҪ̫ġ
ˣϢʱ䣬ҪԺѻˣʱĻᣬҪ˷ѣѸٵ״̬ɡʱҲһԿڵ
ʱܿͻȥȻƸղڶ֮ʣõһҲǺķѲٵȻԺѻǿĶ֣Ҫ۷״̬
Ƶ˵ͷҲһֱ֮ӵ£˵Ϣ״̬֮УҪץʱָ״̬
ʱڿ̨֮ϣʸ˫ҲΪڡֻҪһԼܹغͷһ𣬲ǰŷƵĶԹж٣ĳʸ˫жԷƵĺʧˡ
ϣģܹŷһȻص½ŷХ
ľôˣƳٰʱʱͨҲǵص
ţ֪ʸ˫Ҳǳ̾һѻֳʵ̫ǿˣʸ׶ǱɵػܣȵһҲܹ֮ԵС
⣬ûв鵽ϣ
ȻʱͨͷҲصʵһȵĳҲӦ
ֻ鵽һ㣬ڰ֮ǰڴɽıԵλΪĳϻش
ɽ
ͨ͵ɫ΢䣬Ȼɽ֪
ɽһأճΣգѵԴɽˣʸ˫Ҳ΢΢üͷ
ɽνһյأôпܣѻĳһλɽϹ̳ĵӣҲѹֻ˵ؾˡ
ĻҲͲΪ壬Ǿ֪аƺҲԴɽ߳ģ
ͨ컺صɫ֮أȻһЩ飬ɽǶԣɲһ֮أյа𣬾ǴӴɽ߳ǿߣ
˼˵ѻɵˣ
ʸ˫ʱҲǷӦ˹Ļδе㼬ˡ
ûȷɽںܾ֮ǰͷֽȥѯһջûκνۡͨҡҡͷ
ѻɵĻǱȻǲùھʸ˫ɫҲǴȥ¶ȵԣһʮ־޴Ĵ
÷ǰһЩҪ˵
ͨĬһ£Ҳǻصʸ˫˵ͷ֪أҲֱڵĵطȥ
Ӵɩӣôôпˡ
ʸ˫ĳֻ֣ҲǴȤϾ֮ĹϵֻʺϹ޼ҲҲûκι˼ɡ
˵ʸ˫ֻһۣҲǵģҪ
ţͨϺҪòʲô°ɡֻӺԵָһ򣬵Сء
ָֻŵͬʱҲӦʱ˫˻ʸ˫ĳ֣ҲΪȣ±ֱӵվ˹
ôˣҲˣʵĪɷʲô飿


2789 
Ҫ㡣ʸ˫ص
ͨǰҲΪ㵣ʱͨȻҪԼΪ¡
ѻйأܲѯһ˿ʸ˫Ҳǲ˵̫ԣֻô˵š
Ƶ˵ͷҲǶֻʵʹһֱӵظŻʸ˫ص˿̨֮ϣ̣ѻҲǿУüͷȴûκζ
ͨǰ
ڿ̨֮ϣҲͨ죬ҲΪû˿ķ
һıֲȻػһǱѹȥͨЦЦƵҲǳͣûʸ˫޸ˣҲί
ˣҪҪֳʤûô򵥡ҡҡͷҲЦŵ
ҪΪѻݡͨɫ²أƳһ̨µĺѻڻɺѻпܾ֯ˡ
ͨĻƵͫҲ΢΢¶һ˼ɫѻȻɣе㲻ϳ֯һǿĲʥʥŮô
ȷôƵɫҲǳɵˣһ¾ûˡ
ǰٷְȷڽǻɶѡͨ΢Цŵˣѻ̫ˣȲϣʥŮ޸ˡ
仰Ѿ˵úˣȲϣѻùھǻʥӻʸΪƣκλʸ׶ǲͶԷϣѾ˷Ƶϡ
һֱ䣬ǷƶϺѻõúѻʤһ֤ʵѻɵˣôȣһޱȳصĴ
Ϊ˵ЦõıףھȴɵУɾһ־޴ķ̣ͨȻǲ鷢
ȻûȷкѻɣѾǻˣ棬ͨ첻һ˿Ŀԣ
ˡƵ˵ͷ֪ͨ˼ҲΣҪǽѻܣܹȡùھ
ѻԴɽаǸط߳ģǿҲǺֵ˻ɣҲֻһܹŻͨҲǲԸ⿴ʸ˫ˡ
ƳĬƬ֮΢΢̧ͷΪɻص˵֯ǿһӦʥʥŮôͬȵʥӻʸһ㣬һУҲǷǳµĴڡ
һͨҡҡͷΪεصƻʸףܹ֮Ϊʥӣĳ˵ǵʣȷǳԽͬˣҪһ㣬ΪһӰǳΪʥӡ
ʵϣһͷУȻһЩϹһ㲻ȣ壬ˡȻЩϹ̳ĵӣȴ˿νʥʥŮ
ͨⷬͣʱ÷˹ԭˣ˵ĻѻȻ֯ʥӣԶȴΪǿ󣬵п֯ĳһϹ̳ĵӡ
ҼǵϴΣǰѴˣûв´ĻѻɵˣѾµһ֮ʥˡͨѵ
һ仰ȴ÷˾裬ǵô˵֯棬ִΨÿһʥӺʥŮܹӵе
һʱ䣬һǿռ䣬Ȼӵеǿռ䡣
Ǻѻȡ˴ʥλãôȻѻҲȡӶǻ˿ռĴУڷƶԣɲһϢ
ѻǴǿĴڣһǻ˿ռ֮ĴУ½ǸӿµĴڣҲǵ˷ƣҪѻᶯÿռ֮
֮˵ľôˣΣ͵ǿԼͨҲǳĬһ££Ҳò֣󣬼ҲˣôҽԳ֡
֮ͨгΣȻҲеͷۣһε飬ϵ֯һȽ˵Ц
ţ֪Ƶ˵ͷ
ʱʱҲܿ͵ˣȵĳѾٶȳ̨֮ϣͨ쿴һۣȥɣĻᡣ
ƳĬתߣֱ̨ȥȻôһĽ̸ĳ࣬ą̊́ĺѻҲǼɵޱȡ
һֱ佫Ͽʼ׼ôȵĳƳһۣҲٶʵ
ƺͺѻͬһʱ˵ͷǺѻǷƣʱ˶Ѿս׼ˡ
ǾͿʼɣ
ȵĳҲһʽʼ


2790 ʷѲĶ
źѻ棬Ƶĳ׵ƽؿŶĺѻûκεĵ֮⣬ȻѻǿΣԲ档
ˣ
һ΢춸ȻشƻԼƣһɼΪŨľɫâǻһţ˵Ļɢ
Ǵ֮ô
ʱѻҲǻ̧ͷһ˫ɫӣҲǱɫضŷеľɫâҲɭһЦ
üͷû˵֮еľɫ棬Ҳֱӵر֮ϣõƱøӵؾˡ
ͬʱѻҲǲ·磬˫ֱӵֱӵؾ۳һźɫâЩɫâԳ̨֮һֱϢ
ȻһˣұǸҲҵһ㣬ͬҲİ壡
ѻص΢˻ƣ˫ضŷƣõ÷ƻǸһֱ֮⣬ͬǱһ㣬ڡ
΢΢һ˫ȴǰ죬֮ԼȴǸûŹȻ¿ѻӵеƺöԸ
˸㣬һҲ飬ΣĽֻ֣һǾ
ʱһƮƮĻȴͻȻش˷ƵĶУƶȻ̧ͷȷֻѻһЦݣһ̣ѻ嶸ȻػһƬɫâ׵ʧӰ
ղһ仰ȻǺѻ˵
Ҳǳ࣬ʱԲǣѻƺԼɱ⣬ڣսѾǿʼˣ
ûйʱ˼·ֱӵҲ˲䱩ˣƵɫâ±ͬһһƬµĹĻԼǰ
һƬĻ棬Ƭ֮£̨ǳž˵¶ȣĻķ֮˿˿âʱʱ֮˸
ƺȫطһƬռ䣬Ϊ룬ѻɣʱѾǵõ˿ռ֮ĴУֶηǱġ
ߣΪֶΣܹסô̫ˣ
֮У˺ѻǽЦһõ÷Ƶĸ˲٣ʵҲͬһ㣬ѻӵпռ֮
ۣ
һ΢ϸ죬Ȼ֮£͵̧ͷ׼õǴ֮Ҳ͵ת֮ʵػӳȥ
Ȼڷƶֵһ˲䣬ռҲǻŤţһЯ޾ϢӰƿն֣
ȻӰȴǱǴֱ֮ӵ£޷ǰӣѻΣվǶԷӵеǴ֮оɵ
Ȼӵпռ֮ĴУ
£ƵͺһѾǶ϶ˣǰĺѻűȻϵ
ʱѻ£ɫҲǳ÷һ仰ɫ侲Ҳֹͣ˹ơ
ҲһЦźѻ˵ɣʲôϵ
֪ʲô⵹ǳҵϡ
ԣѻ΢΢˫¶Щɱ⣬ڿУȫ֮ţʱ׼Ŷ֡
غһźѻһĨЦݣɽûв´ĻӦþ֯Ĳ֮ˡ
ӵ˿ռ֮ĵλѾǱȡˡ
ҾãӦö㻻һƺ֮ʥӣ
һһصȻÿһ仰£ѻɫǱøӵأƺһжһ㡣
֪ĵ١ô
ѻ͵̧ͷ˫֮ɱ⣬޷ΣݺݵصŷƣЦ֪ˣҲûţΪû֤ݣ
ֻҪɱ㣬˲Ż֪ԭȵıףȴǱɵʥӶȡھǺεȵķ̣
ѻЦϣʱ˿ԼĻǱΪ֮ܵһУûܹõ˵һС
ڸѡҪôҪôһɣ
ѻصƺһжƿ֮УԷƣȻҲϤޱȣпܵĻܹһķƻȥȻãʵڲУǾʹһʬɣ
˲ͬƿص֮ɱ¾֮ģ˸ҪأҪô֣Ҫôһ־ǼѪ
ǰսһֱûоȫµľǱ¶ԼݣȻѾһˣô¶ҲνֻҪԼĿôﵽ㹻ˡ
Ȼ֪ĴӺζʱ˵ֻδеˡƵһЦеҲڴʱ


2791 ô
еǳ׵û֮󣬷ҲԷɵˣΣúѻȡʤ
ߣǵֶΣΪҲôʶһ£ʲô
ѻڤ粻еɱ¾Ҳǳ׵رȻûа취ѻŵķƴȥǾʹһʬ壡ǲں˵뷨
ǰҪôֻгҪôֻŵѡ
еɱѶѻȻҲκεıֱӵҶ࣬˫֮еĺɫ棬ϵͬһ㡣
ƲûоʲôԾȻƬ֮Ȼ˹˼ٵ˺ͬһʱ䣬ڵĵ飬Ҳʼת
Ժ֮бһƬ֪ԼղƺһСŵˣѻһ˫۾⡣
ϣ˵һ˲䣬ܵĿռͬһ˲鿪ȻѻӰѾǴԭʧ˲˷ԭվڵλá
˵ղŷûлعôʱ϶˺ѻĹ
ߣӵÿ졣
ѻҲһҲǲ죬ղһĻƾȻܹعӦеϣϾղõģɲǿռ֮
ʱƺһľǻֹͣɫȴǲأ֮пһ˿ɻ
ûɻ
ղţƳ˸ܵһ˿ռ֮֮⣬ƺܵһʱ䷨
ôܣѻôӵʱ䷨ΪһƲʵ̫΢ˣһţ÷޷϶һʱ֮䣬ΪԼжϴˡ
ȷʱ䷨ƣԼӦòǸӦҲ˷ƴʱ֮һɻһʱ֮䣬Ҳǲ֡
ղõģǿռ䷨򣬻ʱ䷨򣡡
£һƣҲҪٽ̽һ
Ҳϳˣûҵȷӵʱ䷨ôǲǺܾȡѻѯʣҲ¶һЦݣ˿ǲΡ
֮Уƹ˿ռ䷨ĴУȻһƹʱ䷨ĴУôӵĴУ
£˺ѻĳϣƵɫҲǱΪţ´ҲǳˣĻѻǲܻʱ䷨ĴУ
˵ô˵ϵǳôʱ򣬻ڵô
෴ѻûκμɵؿŷƣЦҪ֪ΣǾ͸һɣ
仰֮󣬲ûʲôı֣෴ʱȴǰδеƽ˫֮ȴǻسž˵ľɫâ
Ȼ㲻Ը˵Ҿʹ˵Ϊֹ
һشӷƵĿ³ʱ˵ŭǼٵģȻǴܵʲô飬Ȼǰʱ䷨Ĵн
Ϊ֯棬ÿһֻʥʥŮƿأȻԼϣռ䷨Ĵ䵽ѻУ㲻Ϊ档
ǣƿصʱ䷨Ҳ䵽Уǳ÷Ʋ⣬֪ãʱĴ¼Ϊ
ǸôѻһЦҲû˿ĳɣֱӵٶȶ֣˱ֱӵ˿ռ䵱У޷ټ
ƽޱȣռ䷨ʱ䷨ּΪµķǳͬһ˵Уһôµ飬һ㣬ʮֵ
ΪҲˣʱͿռַޣ
£΢΢ر˫Ǽ䣬Ҳֱӵ֮У׵̨֮ʧټһʱ֮䣬̨˶ʧ
ǫ̃µڶ˶ɻѣƫƫȴͬ׽Բһ㡣
Ƕӵпռ䷨򡣡ص˫ֱ̨Ȼʱ̨һǴϢȴ̨
ԣǿռ䷨򣬷Ʋ㱻ġֻȴüͷ¶ɻ󣬸ղһ֣Ӧܹ֣ǲ֪Ϊȴûнз
Ϊӵʱ䷨򡣡
ʱ˵һЦҲǴ˻عͷһȴ
˵ʲôʱ䷨ôܣϹ޼ɵ¾סֱǼˣ˿ռ䷨ҲˣȻӵʱ䷨
ֻһۣҲɫ࣬ʱ䷨ȼΪصķܹӵеˣȷǲࡣ
¿·Ʋֹˡҡҡͷʾá


2792 ŭ
ʱ䷨µ磬ûжٸ˽⵽Ŀ֮ſռ䷨໤ϣŲһƺǲ֪ڷƵϣҲͬӵʱ䷨
˵磬ܹ˶ʱ䷨Ϊ˽ĻǸ˳˷֮⣬ˡ
ֻҡҡͷҲ¶һɵɫƵϣͬҲ̺ʱ䷨򡣡
仰һȻҲõһ㶣ǲ˵飬ӵʱ䷨ˣҲûжٸָܹù
ʱ䷨壬塣ֻЦŵ˵Щǲ֮ǰ£ճأ˽⡣
˵ͷȷǳأǸϹˣȷǲ֪³˼һҲǵĻôƻЩա
ǰǺѻûʱ䷨İ壬ĻǾ͸޷ƥСҡҡͷδǰ鿴ֹ̫ˡ
壬ĴˡЦϾ˼ͬţҪһİ壬Ϊѣ˵ˡ
Ȼ۴ʱ̨ǷƣǺѻǽռ䷨õ˼£
ڽֵĹ֮УΪȣѻͬԼһ㣬ڿռ䷨ĸ򣬲ԼȥԼһģһһ˰ľ硣
ֵ״̬֮£Ȼƾſռ䷨򣬱˴˶κβ˱˴ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬺ѻӰͣٶ£ȥû˿壬һ̣ҲǶȻһ־˵
ϵЩɢܿǳ̨Ȼĳ֣͵̧ͷʱ䷨
ǲǺϤǴʱ䷨򣡡
ѻƳһ۷ƣ֮гζɫڼЦһ㡣
ƴʱںѻԶɨһܣȻҲǱ϶ȷʱ䷨Ȼ֯棬ΨֻеʥŮܹƿʱ䷨
ʱ˺ѻϣô״췢ʲô顣
˺ѻĻ˵ɫɣѻĻǳسɹŭΣԼҪںѻĿУ֪Ϣ
㣬ӦûгԹʱ䷨Ŀֲ֮ɣʶһ£Σ
ѻһЦ˫Ҳǳ׺ݵâһ̣еʱ䷨򣬺Ȼرϯ̨ΪŽԵʣ̨֮ˣǸܲ浽ǳʲôĿ²
Ψͨ첻ɵüͷ˸ӦӦ
ʱ䣬ռ䡭վ֯ôͨ૵صֻҲ벻ףΪּ˵ͬһʱ䣬ںѻϡ
ɵĹأʥʥŮֱƿʱͿռ䣬һ㣬Ѿǧ꣬δı䣬һκѻĳ֣ȴǵ߸֪
΢΢һ£ûż֣Ǻѻʱչֳȷʱ䷨򣬵ڹ۲ţԷʱ䷨򵽴һʲôӵĵز
Ǵ϶ȡôȻԼһʱ򣬸Ϊ¡
Ҫ֪ʱ䷨򣬿Ǽѹô˿ûл֮
ѻҲµĻǾе㼬ˡ
ŷûжֵ˼ѻҲһЦһĿռ䷨򲨶ɢ̨Ǽ䣬̨֮еķƣ͵زˣʱ侲ֹһ㡣
ǵģûǾֹ
ںѻʱ䷨֮£̨֮ڵУʱ䣬Ǳþֹ
޷ΨĿԲϵ˸ͷȷŴ޶࣬Ҳ˵ѻһʱ䷨򣬿Ƕȡ˴
뵽һ㣬жȻһŭضźѻǳž˵ɱ⣬һβͬѾǶԺѻɱ⡣
ңҲ֪һ֮䣬ֻһ˵ˣһ˲ܹǻ߳ȥȲǸ棡
ҲϵؾԼźѻֵһʱ棬ͨӦǿԿѻˣԲһսΣȿ¶Ǹ档
ѻŴʱķƣǲɵһĨɫʱͿռط֮£û˿ѵѹƣͬǰƼûκεĻ֮
ȻִѰҲǿʬȥҲһ


2793 
ѻʱȴһֲ©ؽ˷ƵĶУӣѻƺΪԼ޷ô
̫ˡ
Ȼʱȴ΢΢ؿڵ¶һŵɫ
ѻһ㶣ҲǷӦ˹һ㵵ؿŴʱķƣ̫˼ˣƾȻܶˣʱ䷨ǰܹ⿪ѹơ
Ȼƴʱͬûһ㣬ûܵκӰ졣
ܺôҵ˽Ⲣ˵ûи㣬ʱ䷨Ҳᣡ
͵̧ͷҲǸֳһֹϵɢ֮£ӲسԺѻѹơ
ôܣôʱ䷨򣡣
ʱѻŭƿأΪ鱨֮Уȫûᵽһ㣡
˵ûиôһЦҲҡҡͷʱ䷨ԼҲǲںѻ
£һ仰£Ƶ嶸ȻرܿռŰʱ䷨򣬶ԣûκôرˡ
䣡
һ죬Ƶ͵رһ貵ľɫ棬ΪµǴ֮˲۶һҪһ㣡
Ҿ˵ˣʱ䷨򣬶ڷƶԣвʱ̨£ֻҲǵЦŵ˵ƻǼɵ࣬ʱ䷨ƫƫǳϤҲӵҪвǶȻǲܵ顣
ϣѻƿɡǲֹ۵ҡҡͷ֪ΪΣǶǺѻ˼ɵΪʸЩ֮ͬˣǽӶذ˺ѻС
ԷƵ͹ƣѻܿԼľ㵣Ȼ鱨һǶԣʲô⡣
ħӣ
ѻɫϾ˫ֺܿؾӡӲؽƵĺɫ۳һͷ޴ѻ
һͷ۶ɵѻͨһ㣬Գ֮󣬷һУҲںѻĿ֮£Ӳس˴ʱķƣ
䣡
һ죬ȫ
Ǵ֮۶ɵһУ˿ɵӲźѻĺѻײһ
ͬʱһ΢΢ر˫֮Ǵ֮ٶǱ˫۶һŲϲ
Ժ֮УٶǻһͷģƬ֮еһǴ֮Ҳǻıţٶģ񸫵ģ
ߣȼΪһô
ѻˣҲЦһӹߵûаѷһзڣǵΪⲻǷģһֶζѡ
ֶΣȻҲᣡ
䣡
֮Уѻϵؾһһʱ֮䣬ûзֳʤԿǣΪµĻ֮Ǵ۶ȻԸѻĪЧ
ѻ̧ͷ΢΢Ƴһ۰֮УͷȻĶҲЦһҲһɺɫ
һΣҲǻûһѸͷֻǺɫģ
ҡҡͷ֪һ֮󣬿ºѻռ·磬ΪԼģµһѸͷʲô
ؾԼ˫֣Ǵ֮۶ɵҲǺȻ£ͬʱںѻһĨҲǲͬһʱ䣬ӳԼеĺڰ֮
飡
һζԵøӵذ磬߽֮£ǰ֮ڲͷȻҲܵӰ죡
Ƭ̨֮žɫһֺɫâھڰ֮УͷȻƺܵ˱ԴӰ죬ͬһʱ仺ɢ֮С
һεĶȻڷźѻʮֵҪ
ȻƬ֮󣬺ѻȴǶȻ̧ͷ¶һ־ɫΪԼƺûзǵȰ磬Ѿ𽥵ش·磡
ôܣ
ѻеţԼݷʹõֶΣģֶͬΣȻǱȲúѻ޷ܣҪ֪Իʸ׵ͬʱǶԷó³ҲһԼ޷ȣ̫ˣҶδԵ񸫵ʮ֮һģԸңֱ棡ƵصҲһ
ݵһ񸫣ǿٵһƣݺݵشӰ֮£źѻҲûκô
һеĺɫǴ֮γɵǰͬǰֽһ㣬Ƭ̶޷֧ţ㾡رһεĶȻǷӮˣ


2794 
ɫһ־˵ٶȺȻ£ǰһУ
䣡
ʱ֮£̨Ҳǲѣһ֮£Žƽ̨֮Ҳܲסһ
գȵڶ೤ϼӳֵĽ磬ס˷Ƶһ
貵ľɫą̂û֪սΣжϣƺǷԼռϷ硣
ɫâǷƵǴ֮˵ƺǻһսֻ֮ʼˣɵһЦһϢ
ʱҲǵõ̰ǵһЩ㱨ɫ࣬鱨ѻǳԴɽ
˵ֻ꣬ɫˣɽͷԣһɵĵطԭΪа𣬾Ǹط߳
ǧǰȺ壬˽ȥѰգȴûһܹ߳ȥоǰһ𼶱Ĵڣ
ʱ䷨򡭡ռ䷨򡭡Īɣ
ֻʶȻصɴ˫ۣʵ̫ˣѻȻ֯ģô󵨣Ȼȣ
ˣû˿Ļôһα׵ĹھͻУʱ򽫻Ƕͷɼʧ
𻺻صҡ⻹ͷսڼ䣬Ļһ޴Ĵ
ǣɣ¾Ͳôˡ
ĪȲ֪ôϹ޼üͷ˵ѻɣôԶԣӦܹó
֪ҲǸո֪ѣѻʮֵأȻɣҶһЩ棬֪Ҳࡣ
ҡҡͷʱҲˣղڿս֮ǰͨҹһηƣ̸ľһ¡
һ¡ƿǱҪӮ˰ֻʸ̾ڹ˽Ȼǲܻһ䣡
ӦûӮ
ȴͻȻص˷Լһ˲䣬ʹõ־طط֧ţԺѻҲһս֮
ңҪǣȻǲϤƣȴеزƿ϶ǻӵеƣҲ˵ȴһ־˵֮⣬ƻһ֡
ԣԺѻ˵ǲ飡
ʱ̨֮ϣ˵ƽڷƣʱҲǻس˵֮С
ͬǰĲ²һ㣬һԾ֮УûܵĴϣ෴ѻͲһˣӲسһȻһ̺İ壬˺ѻϵУ
̨棬ʱһ޴ѺۣǱʲôӲһ㣬ѻӰ˿ɼȴء
ѻȻܵ˴ˣԶԶûֲսĵز
ȻƬ֮Ѻ֮УظֳһźɫâǣѻӰӺɫâ֮иֶ˿ȥûжı仯ֻɫ԰ࡣ
ܺã㳬ϣȻ˵ңѻɷϣʱǰӣڷֳֶΣѾ㹻
̫ˣΪԼ޵ô
ҡҡͷҲЦŵɣ֪㻹ս֮ģ֮սʲô
仰޵رʾˣ̨֮ϣֻһܹųȥµ󣬼ԼˣҲźѻȥ
Ҳȫ֪ҵˣǡкãɱңûôףѻٶǳĺɫ
ЩɫԼ۶һͷѻʱıһģһֹ
üͷѻν֮ȷǹĺܣȻҲȻ׵شϣغһȵزҲǲܹڼȥˡ
ҪʤǱ뾡ȫˣ

ѾǿԴԼѻʱΪȷǿǲûͻֻв𣬷ƾ˿壬ȻľȲϺѻֶѻҲκβԼ
£ٶǰڳ˽ƣڵȴڴ˵תһΣҪÿһǴɹôıǿشԷ
ʱѻȻҲǲ·磬ƺҲڶʲôһ㣬˾ͬһ㣬վﲻɢϢ
̨£͵̧ͷעŷƣ״̬˵ˣڴ߶ǵȾ˵ȻҲʮֵغ棬ǵ֮£ѻֵܲܵ


2795 ֮ս
ڣ˫ɱƣǲܻͣ
ΪƶڿƿأҲǵһǳĵزǴ߶ʮΣǶȻһ֪һʱ֮ڱѾɹش˿
ûκεĳɣѾǴɹƿ粽˫۳һž˵ľɫâݺݵ£ǿ֮е׹䣬ЯżΪµƣ
ѻŭһһ޴ĺѻҲʵ˲٣аѻһ㣬ϯ޾Ϣ
ںѻ֮£һѻӰҲֱӵĳڿն𣬾ȻӲس˷ƣ
֪ʱ䷨ſռ䷨򣬶ԷƶԣѾûκεöԣºѻҲԷΪ֪ΪвãŻһ»ʸ׵˻ԣҪ˶Ըƣ»еѡ
ԣѡԼ֮
ͬڤ罵ٶµһ񣬺ѻӰҲЯſµƣ֮ɫ֮ϵɢֱӵؽһƬ򣬶γһƬ֮أ
ɫ֮ɢٶȼΪѸ٣һ˲䣬̨۴ʱķƣԭǰ壬ȴǶȻ̶¡
ɫ΢࣬ͣǰӰֱӵԭرˣͬʱҲӿֳ貵ľɫâγһӳ
Ϊڸղŵһ˲䣬Ӵ֮ƸоԼľڵƺǱ֮εţʮֵؿ¡
ղżһ˲䣬÷õˣټǰĻôԼûнѻǰѾˡ
΢΢˫ضܵĺɫ֮вκεӣǺѻһ˰壬ԶԣǱݵʱͿռ䷨򶼸ǿ
Ļȥһǳľ档૵صɨһܣִʱ̨ܵѾǾر֮֡
ӺѻĳһѻӰһƬףϵųһ˫֮ɫѻעŷƣȻѰҶֵĻᡣ
ۿҲüͷԼزõѻ֮γһһĽ磬ȻƬ棬ԼҪϵس֮ĳһҪԺѻϮ
򣿱Ϊᣡ
£Ҳһ˴߶뷨͵˫ֺʮȻ˫֮бɫâڵϵǿҵĲƵľɫҲǲϵطǿҵ
Ǵ֮򣡡
˫͵ŵ棬ҲǵŭһȻѻ֮ݽ磬ôԶԣȻҲܹǴ֮γһ翹⣡
Ϊ־磬νֶΣʵϳȴһЩ֮⣬һͨͨ
ڷƵĵŭ֮£˶ͷų˰˫ƣֱӵعעڵ֮ϣƬ֮󣬾˵һĻǷˡ
ͬ֩һѺۣԷƵΪģϵѺ۵ĳ̨֣֮ܿµ˱Ƿ֣ЩѺ۱鲼Լ֮Уƺǰĳֹ
ˣ
һ΢촫´ӷƵİɫһ˿˿ؽ˵ЩѺ֮У˲̨
žɫĹע룬̨ѣǷʲô˵ı仯һ㣬ʼԼķ֮ϵش
һ˿˿貵ľɫâʼӵ˳űǳ˵棬̨Уһǳɢ˲ϢĸӰ졣
ڡսĿʼ
һУҲǻ̧ͷɫĮȻĺѻһЦ
ߣôѻԼŵֵһУҲҡҡͷ󻺻Լƣңңضŷƣɣаѻŭ֮£
һȻ쳹֮еаѻʱҲ˫Ȼرһ׺֮⣬һ˲䣬ЯżΪµƶ
аѻһСѡҲһЦӿаѻûκεĳɣҲֱӵ̧ͷͬҲԼƣȻݺݵһգ
һȻƿն֣ӵǳڶֵľɫâ۶һ޴ӰȻȥȴ񻰵еһģһ
쳹ܿ۶ɣ˵ע֮£ѻŷƵչˣ


2796 
žɫĳ֣ѻɵüͷѧҲ̫ˣ
ȫǸԼʹõֶΣȻͷԸԼ飬úѻǲôܹܣĸ֮ˣôܹķ
Ū
ѻһҲûֹͣƣԣֻнûкˣ
аѻи߰һǾ޴һ㣬ݺݵس˷ƣӣƺҪӲذѷƸ˺Ƭ
ɫϵڽаѻ˫ֻ΢΢һһ̣һͬҲǴ֮۶Ҳ˲س
¡¡
ɫ֮ϵһ̣аѻݺݵײһ߿ʼΪ׺ݵĲ
ڼ䣬Ҳûţͷ΢΢һ˱˲ʧԭأȻѻȴ΢΢̧ͷƺŲƣƫԭһЩ
꣡
ѻĳͻȻƮһֻȭͷźѻӲȭ磬õܵĿռ䶼ǲϵನǺѻȴɫδκξţƺԤһ㡣
ȻǷƵ˲֣ǿϧûܹɹϮѻ
һɹ±ҪֺˣȻѻķӦҲǲȭͷոճֵһ˲䣬Ҳָץٶһӱס˷Ƶ
ϣ㲻սʽѻЦΪľǽΪţΨԼȭͷǿ
һ㣬֮Уŷƺƣ֮˵ͬһˡ
ڿԼ׽ס֮Ҳ΢΢һЦͬڴ
飡
һձѻӲŷƵһʮתһ֣ҲûţֱӵצȭЯſµľ
ȭδѾиܵĿռ䣡
ѻѸٵķӦȻ˷ƵϣҲûлţֱӵмס˺ѻһνȭͷ֮䣬ΪµϵɢܵĿռ䡣
㣬źѻǳؽֲпĽ֮У˱еģ֮Ķ
ò˵֮սʽҲõ˶ǰһǺܶˣһοܹ㾫ʵضսҿ˿ǲЩˡ
˵̶ȣҲ̫˰ɡϹ޼Ҳҡҡͷ¶һ㵵ɫ֮Ķ֮䣬ֱǰδ
־ԣһٻǶýΪһԼıһЩֶΡ
ǺѻҲǺܹŹ֣Ҫ֪ƵǾǴĴǺѻȴܹŷƲµľƣôɵġֻҲҡҡͷ˶ǹ̥еĹ̥óݡ
ʵڽͬʱҪ̣ܿһƽܲͬ㣬ҲǷ˽ʼרʱԱĽ͵
ţûԽǴأ޷ǿµǴ۹Ҳ֪жǵǿµǴ֮£
ҲǸ̾Ƶǿ̶ȣұ֮ͬΪµһû֮һ
ѻȻˡ𲹳
ջǷʤġҡҡͷĻûʱȥѻȷŷƾƣ֮伸ѷѽ⣬ǺҪһ㣬ǾǷӵǵȿµĶ
һǱѻ޷ܣҲڣΪ
ü˿÷ƣȷе㳬ϣҲǳĬּ
̨֮Уźѻ֮սνѾԼĪʱʱ棬֮Ķνʮֵؾգ
Ƚһǳ΢ͻٶֵĿ籩һϮ
һȻ𣬷ͷһҲֱӵش߶˿һûóȫ෴ֻ˿һȭ
ѻǷƣڲȷһɱ֮£ǲ׵¶Լ
ſת˲䣬ƵһȭǱޱȣѻ͵̧ͷ˫֮һĨ㵵ɫƵһȭͬĸоøǿˣ
֮£ǱôһȭеĻѻûжܹ֤ԼܹˣºѻҲѸٵطӦ˹ӡر䶯ţֱӵһŹֵӡ


2797 ѪȾ̨
ŴʱѻôһŹֵӡʱܵĿռ䲨˲һ˲䣬ռ䶼һ㡣
Ƶ壬ܵʱ䷨ĲӲرͣסڰ֮Уǳžһȭźѻӣһ֮ң
ѻ̧ͷһĨ΢ЦƬ֮Ҳٶȱ仯һɳϢĺڰѸٵȭͷ֮ϡ
һڵͬתһѻʱ䷨ôԶԣҲǿԶʱ䷨
ƣ
һ˲䣬ѻһнʧһ㣬ڴ֮ȭͷûκٶӲس
һεʱ䷨ãѻûҪ˸ʲôشֻǸԼȡһЩӦʱ䡣
˲֮£˵ȭͷٶӲӲײһ𣬵һΣûǰ㣬ڽֵ˲ǴΪһη
飡
һ֮£̨ҡһ£ѻʱԭɵɫȴǼٵرãΪоԷƵȭͷ֮ϣЯȻǳԼϣ
ѻɫȻǵͨ죬ȭͷ֮ƵĺɫȻɢ˲٣ƺΪȭͷǴ֮ɣؿѻʱֱۣȴһּΪϸ΢Ƶţ
ƺǲͷƴʱѻٶѸٵתһȭҪֵ£
ȻʱѻΪηƵͻȻر־˵زԶԶǳǰֳģҲǺѻһʱ⣬һ
ģΪô
ѻŭ𲻶ϣƺҲǶŭһ㣬һͷڷƮȻһȭ̺ſѻóȻ֮£׵صֵס
飡
̨ĵ棬ƺһγܲס֮ľײٶǱ̮һƬ֮У貵ĸɫâϵͷŶηҲǲϵزΧ
˺
ƺԼزкѻŷ˵ľƺ̨ĽܹܵģͨҲǻ˻֣˶ǳ˰
Ͼ̨ĽҲǳܲ˶ãǴʱͨҲλٶǳͣڰ֮С
ÿվڲͬķԶ̨ĵطٶǹһĽ磬һζõȳǶһ֮ٿ£Ҳǲ֮⡣
˵սǷǷϹ޼ҲǸ̾ص
ȷ̨ͬĽ磬ҲǶûãһǼΪټҪ̨֪ǿԳһλȫһȻ˵Ľ֮£ȴԼ¶޷ܵļ
ڵĵľǣ£Ƿ֮ĽҲҲǳܲסʱȴǵЦ
ôܣ˾Ҳ̶ֳȰɡֻе㲻ŵصЦ֪ƻûʹóƣһضȫ϶ʹõɵǱֵĸҪǿ
䣡
һ죬ֱӵ˲񷣬ʱ̨ԭȵĽ磬Ѿǳ׵޷ټĳӲֱӽ̮
ŽıƬ֮ҲһӰȻس̨ݺݵصڲԶ
һӰĶȻƿյ䣬˲˵Ĺע²ɵǷ׷ע⣬һɵˣ˭
Ƭ֮˫ǿ˭ҲǲɵΪ㵵صȻǺѻˣ
仰һʱֻʵ˶ǾһƾȻǿúѻˣ
ûʱɶĵȷǺѻԷƶ˿ûκԤ֮£һӻɣʵŹ
ȿȡ
ʱڳģһӰ΢Ǳ˳ؿֱ΢زϣһεѪƵ¡
ῴ㣬ʵǳϡ
ѻ̧ͷŴʱ̨ķƵɣ
վ̨֮ϣɫûκα仯貵ľɫâƸΪط
ˡ
ƵصȾĶԾ֮ŪˣɲһͷΪһˣô֤ѾаܹһεĹҲܹٶȻ㡣
С˶ѣĵ硣ѻ˿Լֱ۵Ѫڲϵص£ɨһ۷ƣʶһҵ


2798 аѻ
ѻ˵仰֮Ҳ˿ԼƵΣԼƣǴʱ̨žɫĺѻֱӵһգ
ǺɫаѻҲһǷֻɫâҲػع鵽˺ѻڣƼˣɵüͷҲǻ˻֣һƬǴ֮س
֪ѻʲôɳϾھһ֣ںѻʵҲһĹ㣬ǰʸ֮Դ򲻹Ϊİ֮ϡ
֮ˣΪ˺ѻƿʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ȻһУڷƶԣûжãҰĿǰƺԼǴ֮ǿѹƺѻʹõ
ԣ֮£˺ѻڲзƵļ
аѻ壡
Ȼһ̣ѻȻŭһ֮ؽ˶һγһ޴ĺɫӼڰ֮С
һĻҲ÷΢΢ؽüͷ־Ȼǿ͸ѻʲô
䣡
һ죬ֻѻվڵĵطʱֱӵر̮γһ޿ӣȻɫӼȴǳֳһɹϢ˿͸
ʶ˺һξ룬ҲֻǵſѻҪʲôȻеͷˡ
˶ãѻֵĺɫâǶȻɢ籩ϯ̨
һ˫ֻ֮䣬ɫâؽһ籩赲£Ȼһ̣ȴǱǰһĻסˡ
ʱѻ壬ѾٶȳֶˣֻһΣѻѾǱøǰȫһˣ˵嶼ǱӴޱȣı󣬻һ˫ɫĳ˫ֱ˾޴צӣ
˾㵵ǣʱѻͷ­ǸǰٻаѻһģһҲ˵ڵĺѻǻΪаѻ
һУõÿռºѻڿնһ˫޴ĳ򣬲ϵţɫ籩ܹͬʴһе֮涼Ǿر
һĻƵɫ࣬ڵĺѻģѾǿ͸ԷΪˣֻǲ˵
ģ⵽ʲôа֮£û͸ѻʱĵϸҲǲóȻس嶯ֻǾ䡣
̨֮⣬ѻ¶̬ɫɵǾסصôܣ֡ǰ̬
Ϲ޼ɵ˶ںѻı仯˲⣬˵ɵ뽫ϡ
֣̬ǣֻʲɵг棬׷ʵò˵ʱĺѻǴ𺳣ʵ̫޴ˣȫǳǵ֪
һַǳϵܹϳģһǿߣҲûмˣͬңҲػһĹż֮ϼҡҡͷ壬ν壬һռ̬
ţڹϵʱÿһİ壬һλУҪõİ壬ҪԼдԵ컯֮˲ܹ
ǳ֮⣬һ֣Ǿƿذ飬ǩԼԼ꣬ͬҲǿʹİ壬ǿת̬
ǰѻʹõһֺɫٻһͷаѻ仯ģȻİ̬
һͣҲ˹Ȼǲԭ廹飬עǣְ̬εһ̬
ڰ̬֮µĺѻϣܹ𼶱һս
ֻҡҡͷû˵ǽôһ仰Ѿ㹻ˣǶԣѻʱǿ𼶱Ĵһƴͷǳˡ
ǷΣˡֻüͷǵ÷˵ֻҪԷô㹻İգѻʹõİ̬ܹӳǺһġ
ȿ˵ĲеĻͨҲӲܡҲҡҡͷںѻѾǳ֪ĳ̶ȡ
ƽΣ벻õĵǣԲΣգΪͨҲʱ̹עűḶ́Ȼһ绳ɺѻɣʱѾȷˣѾʼͨҲûа취Ͼϵȵ
ʵϣͨڿ̨֮ϣʱɫ࣬ڵϢҲǲתںѻֳѾ֮вɱˡ


2799 Ѫս1
̬ʱĺѻִ˵֮е̬Ȼǲ֪ԼʵĻͲǺѻĶ֡
Լز²⵽ȻѾǺѻֶˣôԶԣȻҲǲټȥ
ѻѳҲǲԴС
䣡
һϸ΢Ȼ֮£ҲǱΪǿϢ֮ǰԣڱøΪֲΪذʵ
һſǿԽ˰һ˲س˺ѻǰʱѾΪǿˣ
̫ˣ̬֮£ȻҸƴѻЦҲǲʾ̬֮µ˶ǵõһķԾ
飡
һȭ
ŰȭͷʱӦ˵ǻһ޴ĺɫצӣݺݵػ˰֮У֮ɫ֮γһ쫷磬˺˿ռ䡣
ЩϢ쫷磬治ɫҲ͵̤ţŭһҲǿʼı仯
çİ壡
ƵͺһҲǿʼ˱仯Ҳֱӵؽ帲ţƱøΪ׺źѻһ㣬һ˫ɫĳڲϵš
̬
ʵʩչçİ壬Ҳһְֻ̬źѻе㲻㣬Ҳ㹻ˣ
ġô˵ĻƾȻҲһ壡Ϲ޼Ŀɿڴصڷʩչδʶˡ
ֻѾ֪˵ʲôԼʱĵˣһһΣʹóֶΣǳ֪ԭΪǴ֮ѾǷƵֶΣȴδ뵽ʱȴһεʩչ̬
Ⲣİֻ̬ܡ˵α̬Ϊĳı仯ĳõİ塣ȴۼ⣬ֱӵؿ˷ƴʱçİ塣
˵ˣҲѵˡ̾Ƶ׻жٵƣΪʩչçİ壬ȷԼǱ𺳵ˣ֪·ʹóһְҲǲܵ顣
ǶԷźѻ֮ս÷ƣΪѻ̫ǿˣȻսֵزǲǷ֣ԭĵƣȻ֮࣡
ʱ䷨򣬿ռ䷨Ǵ֮ԼĿʱʩչçİ壬ֻǸĹۡ
Դʱĺѻһս֮
ʩչçİ֮Ҳ˿ѻֱӵӲЩɫ֮γɵ쫷磬Ƶľɫâ޷ƿƵ
ƴʱҲչԼķȫ̲ϵش߶ſֻҪһ߶ɹôٺѻԵģһλԵĴ
ı״̬֮£˭ܹȻӵܹʵҲܣ
ǿ֮ĶȻǾ춯أ״֮£һǰս֮ˣҲǸԸ̾һѾǳôҫһʱ
ò˵ʱõʱҲʱΪĽٶǴ򿪣ʱֵܹţ಻һߣţë
ǣǣܹģܹƺΪţ
˽ӿ֣ȻǻѪȷһսǰĺѻŷƣ֮䣬˭ܹһս֮л˭ܹ縺һǿ֮
οһѾǵ֮ᣬǹϵͷʵ֮ѻĳָ֣ʹȡĹھôȻѣһ޴Ĵ
ʱǵԶȴܲԼŷ֮ƣһƬɽȻسһƬԼĪ˵ǿߣÿ˵ķΣɵӡǣ
Ҳ˵һȺˣ֯
ҿӣǵķǵǣ
ؼǣÿ˵ϢǲȻУΪ׵ļˣϢΪ磬Լɽ֮е޶Ϊ֮
ѻӦڵǽľ˰ɡͻȻһ˿ʵ£زЯ޾ƽ٣
ʱһվа𣬺ѻʥѾǿʼľսʱ֮ǰ̽ӴϢնǷơ
ƣǸСӣ
һȻе㾪ȣôơ
˭Ȼ޷ܺѻа𵭵صң˵ڵķ૵һΣҪȸѪһĴۣ


2800 Ѫս2
ڵ֮еˣȻǲ֪ģһɼΪµĴǣҪȷһǰ֮ϣǾǺѻܹѹȺܣ˳ػ֮
ΪֻеǸʱɵٶȳ֣ǿ㹻𺳣
һѻʧˣôһᶯ֣ѡ룬һǴ˽ӽʮλϰһȻ˵޷ݻȣݻٵǣӣ
ҪĿģǴݻٵǣͷ
һζԺѻżģʥʥŮƿصַ򣬶ǽټ壬һѰҲ֣
˵аǴųǰúѻܷ֮ʣǳ֮ʡ
ʱڵǣѻŷ֮սѾǽ˰Ȼֱ̬ǣÿһζõһƬس׵ز
ǣܿоʾˣǿȵĳƴ֮Уܹϵػظţ˵ǲ֮
෴ѻͬǣֻǲϵرģʱ˵ûʲô⣬һʱ䳤ˣŷ֮ĲͻǱԽԽ
ºѻҲǲĲԾͣ˽෴˺һξ룬ʼѰ˼ŵҪôܹ׵ػɱƣ
ѾǻܶԷǻɱ̨վֻһܹ뿪
ô
ƴʱ˫۳ܵս⣬ӳ֣ǲѻǲϧ֮ӲӲΨһõϧǣڸղŵĶ֮Уûд
һζûУǸղŴ˿ôѻʱҲǺòȥ
ģһôڻôһ͵ӡѻ΢΢شŴһ˫Ѫɫ˫ضŷƣƺҪ͸һ㡣
ղŲǶʱĶţѾǿ֮Ĳܹ࣬һɱĻǺĲơ
һĲôȴԼ߾֮ʣùĿɾԼˡ
㲻֣Ҷ֣ƹЦѾ㹻İȥԸѻˣ˲һۣҪɵѻȫҪ
ɫâȻس֣ŷƵ壬һرƽ˺ѻȻѻֻüͷûӦ취֮ǰȻǲΪԿԼ
ʱ̨˵УҲõһ
ܹսʤѻǲܵ顣Ϲ޼ĵصǼһ飬ƾ˭ҺǼһġ
ǵģֻ˵ѻǿ󣬵ĶַƣȴÿһѹֻҲҡҡͷЦǷƽһ֣֣ĻԸѻаô
ԣҲǿЦЦˣҵĻڸղźѻ˰̬Ҿ޷֮Եˡ
Ҳʵʵ˵Ȼػһ壬ȻԼĵƣϣ޷ԴʱĺѻǱ˵ܹɵĵزˡ
ڿ̨֮ϣԴ˱俪ʼɫһֱǱͨ죬ʱʤŮڷƵߣɫҲ˲١
һ׻ôӣǺܹϵļһͨҲ̾һȵĻʸֶΣôҲǿ԰ĵذߵλýȥˡ
һĻƺõˣϾ𽥵ǷռϷ硣ʸ˫ҲǳɿɫҲ̲ס¶һϲá
ȿŰɣڵڷʮͨҲǵ˵ͷ
Ȼʱ̨֮ϣȴǶȻŤתһֱǶܵĺѻһ磬ȻֱӵʩչԼֶΣͨռʱ䷨ǣƣӲ÷Ƴһͣ٣
Ȼһͣ٣ںѻԣѾ㹻ˣ
ѻֱӵ˲Ƶ˷ƵЯſ֮צӣҲǺݺݵزƵ࣡
צ֮ĺɫ˭ǿ׵ؿһúѻˣƱȻΣޱȣΪȻѻ򵥣Ըʴ
ƣ
Ϲ޼ɵУʱȴǾ㵵ʧƵͻȻתȴҲϲеˡ
ԣǿΪġʱȴͻȻصΪַƵͻȻһĨŵЦݣЦݳֵ̫ˡ
ûƵȷǹΪ¶Ϊľǵȵѻ̲סֱӵس˹ΨƲҵܹźѻĻᣡ


2801 ı
ƹ¶úѻ֣̿νʮֵΣգ˵һԿԼ
ңһֱںѻǾ޴צӶȻ֮ʣӲرԺѻʱ䷨ڵҲѸٵת
ǣʱͻ
ΪңͬҲ㣡
ѻЦϣŷƴʱľٶҲЦϣ֮ĽսױƣȻڳֵʱ򣬾ϵƲ׵رС
ԣѻҲԼĺ֣
ǼҪ˷ľ޴ɫצӣڴʱȴǶȻһ仯ȻǴӺɫ֮УһΪ
һֱӵػһ߳߳
ԭ÷㹻ʱӦֵѻĽһµͻ䣬ȴֱӵúѻĹ˾룬˵֮£ƸԤϲ
ģƲķҲǰѻȻƻȻǽƾͼƣۿһεĹԼȻ޷ܶ
꣡
һϸ΢죬ɫĳֱӵû˷Ƶ壬һΣǹᴩŵһǷĹͷӲƫһԼλá
ԣʱɫҪᴩλãǼԣţĻʱ̵ˣ
ѻצûĳֱӵڴ˷֮ҲЦѣһΣѣڵ壬һڣûܹȵ㣡
ɫǱѿ࣬ʱѻеһѳûͬʱһɱ֮ҲֱӵسԼڣڴظʴԼ壡
ĵصҪѺѻһһѽ˵Ǻѻ۶ɣѻǲκλᡣ
˺󣬺ѻҲЦϵֱӸǰһ̣ƷԼ忪ʼ˱仯Ǻɫĺɫʼá
˿ΪģΧƤǿʼˣƺǱ֮ʼ𽥵ظʴţҷƸоԼ¶Ҳ𽥵ؿʼ
ƽҧأ֪ʱҪŤת棬ȾǵðѺѻˣ
ĻѳԼڵĻǶɼ𺦣һʱˣӰ쵽Լ
֮ʣǿԼ侲ֽճȭŭһֱӵرתҵǣһͷҲֱӵر
ıս
һΣûκأıսһӱǱçİ壬ʮֵؿ£
ȻһȭȻسǺѻЦţΪǷƵĴһ̣ƺǲʲô˷ǰһͻȻرǿսһҲĥ
㣬ǲ㣿
ûйŹֵһȭѻȻܹΪµƺֻҪлûһѳͣڷƵڣƱȻûκεĵֿ֮
ǣһѻжϴһȭͬһζͻȻرǿڷΪΣյģ
Ȼںѻɲ֮ʣƵĹҲ
żʹŭһȭͷ貵ľɫâӲرһȭѻӣ
ѻҲһᣬǶˣеĺɫû뿪Ƶ壬ϵǰƽȻҲǲԼƣͬһ㣡
ֻ֪ҪѻжܣôһȭȥԿľǺѻ
䣡
Ȼشһ޴죬ѻ׶Ȼ󣬳Ų˼ɫһȭǳǿĳ̶ȣϣ
ôܣ
ѻŭһ޴ĺ¡Уһ̣ǿҵǺɨһβ̨ܵǰ֮ˣҲǸܵһɾĶǵ
һЦİɡʱϹ޼ȫסˣŷƴһ޷ֵ˼
һͬĴڣҲǸ޷ܣõƴʱһжôؿ¡
һһֻҲǲ֪˵ʲôԼʱˣȫһε߸֪ƾȻǿ̶ֳȡ
û˵ʲôȴ΢΢سֳһĨЦ̶ֳȵĹԼֵһΣΪǿ󣡣
ƵƣȻǿֲ˹ֱڳûһ֪Ϊηܹȿµȫǵ߸ǵ֪


2802 ˣ
һȦ·̨˱Ͼܹǳ룬޵𾳽ӽûȳϵļӳ֣ڷƵһ֮£ڵǧֱ̨ӵر
̨ıѣһЩǵˣ겻ѣǴǧ̨꣬ҲǴǧ꣬棬ûһһ֮ı䣬Ե³
̨ıѣȴǿһˣɾ͵һǿ
Ƭ֮󣬰ϵػɢǰһƬͬĳν̨ʱѾǲڡ
Ȼʱȴǵȹڵϣ˿ڵ˿ڣϵشŴǰǰ˾޴ӣһʱ֮Ҳûܹ浽Ƿʲô顣
Ե֪ǣղԼһȭѻȫس㲻
غһҲ£ʼ޸ԼƣʱΪѻ⣬ܵƤǱ˺ɫԼһ󸯳ζּڲϵԼܡ
ңΪҪʱ򣬷ƿʼоԼڣҲܵӰ죬ʼظʴԼȥԼҲǸŵù
ûκγɣʱҲûѻΣֱӵؿʼͼ޸Լơ
ڣڷƵڣȴľɫ֮⣬һɱ֮ĺɫľ֮вϵĴƻۿҪ˵
һ˵ôʱ֣Ҳܹȵ
ɫǴӵ֮˲ľУʼԼڵĺɫּΪ֮ΨԵЧ
Ȼ֮£ŷڵʼҲ𽥵ظһɫâ˿ڴһƬطˡ
޾֮£ƲԼڵ֮ʼ𽥵ɢҲ̲סһ
ûκεĳɣֱӵȫעͶ޸ƵУںѻΣϾȥ˼ɣϾҲǲܹӡ
ȻʱڷǰԶһӣʱȴһЩһҡλεӰ𽥵ڳ֮߳ģƺʮֵǱ
Ǻѻû˫ȻؽȻϳһӰȻǺѻ
ʱĺѻǴڰֻ̬һ˫޴ĺɫ򣬴ʱӲضһߣѪܵ˿ڣ˴Ŀġ
ҳ֮⣬ѻϻƣõò˿˴ʱѻģҲ̲סһղźѻǳ˶Ȼǿ̬Ҳģ
⣬гֵǷƴʱֻʶȻһҲϵڣںѻȻشһ֮ǻС
ƾͲһˣȻǿƵƣǲõƴʱ״̬ƺڽ޸̵УȻ޷ϡ
һǺѻ˹ȥôʱƽûκλ֮
һۣҲüͷƺһζŷƱüΪҴʱѻҲ˵һһ˷ơ
ںѻ֮һѪۣЩ˿ʶ£ǴʱĺѻȴȫȻԼƣһ˫ɫ˫ضŷƣɱƲϣ
ˣ
ںѻУȻرһɺɫǻһزжƣӣƺҪᣬֱӵػɱƣ
ûõģҵ֮׶ԸɥȪҰɣѻЦϣϵأֻ֪ҪԼһȥôӮľͻԼ
ֻҪնɱǰķƣôһεĿľͻǴﵽҲ˿Լܻܲ߳ǣΪѻҲ֪ʱڵ棬ɵѾǳˣ
ѻŷ֮ľ룬ԶȻѻΪƹأ֮£ջ˷Ƶߣؾеĳ
һ̨̣Ϲ޼ɵȼ˶¶֮ɫһȥȻٴͨҲ޷
ʦ𣬻ô
ʱڿ̨ʸ˫ޱȣʼͨͨȴһ֮ɫƺڵʲôҿȥûгޚ˼
ɣѻеĳ΢΢һ£ҲǺݺݵ£ֻҪԼһȥôƱȻ


2803 ɱ
ҪŵķƣǺѻ֪ԼҲֻǾسƣһǾնɱ֮ˣڱնɱ֮ʣҲڡ
֮һǸʴһУǿ꣡
Ǵ˻ŵķƣôֻҪǽնɱԼУԶԣƵܹԼУʱҪڷƵ֪ʲôѾǲҪŵķƣ
Ȼһ̣ƶȻ˫âһţ΢һ¡

̺֮һ
ؼ֮ʣֱӵʹóһ£һɰɫǴӷƵڱֱӵס˷˵壡
һ̣һ˲飬ѻʶزԾǴʱеĳѾ£ŷƵ壬֮ң
ŷʩչ˷ڷڵĺɫ֮˲رˣҼ֮˿ڣҲǿʼ޸ţȻûȬ٣ЩǰɫʴĴڣҲʧ
ڳµһֱ̣ӵԼ˫ָӲؼס˺ѻĳ
˼վ㡣΢΢һЦ֮оâ˸ϣɫ㵵ĺѻ
ôôܣʱѻѹǲԼǰģԼ֮һֵ֮ڣȻҪˣҲҪһʱ䣡
˵ص֮£Ǵʱƿȥûаƣ˵ʲôˣ
ǰֳģ˿ٵģ⵽ô£
ĴתҲǳ˵ԤϣϹ޼ɵ˽ʶһۣǲ֪ⷢʲô飬Ϊα˱ķƣȴֱӵһ㣬Ťתս֡
ڿ̨֮ϣͨصɫǻʸ˫ûзֵǣŵͨһֱڽȭͷֱŤת˾ƣǻɿ
ɣϮҵһ̿ʼѾˡ˫ָźɫĳЦʱ֮ƣѾǾػָ
ңΪµǣʱƵƣһǻָ۷壡
ΪҲ֪ң档ҡҡͷźѻЦǸղŵһҲǹΪУˣҲǿΪΪľǿûĵơ
ѻɫţû뵽ƾȻ˵ؽƻȻһֱô˵ǸղˣҪƣҲǷװģΪľǵԼĵ¶
Ȼ̬ѾǺѻƣ֮⣬ûֶΣԭΪԼƾ֮÷ƽ״̬ԼƾҲܹնɱ
ƵĳǸ̫ˣڸղžֱӵػɱѻǹ˼ɵѻķˣٶ¶Լò״̬õúѻΪԼûκλ֮
񣬺ѻĴνʮֵزΪҪԵǣһϢȫʢķƣ
գ㻹ˡƻصʱҲվѾûа˵̬˫ָ΢΢žһֱӵһѳ
Ŷѵĳѻ˵ɫҲ֮ͬɫ֪Լ׵ذˣصĿܣ
ͬǰ˵ûܹȵ㡣ƵЦ˫ָͬһֱӵش˺ѻüģ
һΣͬҲǴ˿һ
ı֮£һָ̺Ժص֪ѻĻᣡ
ɵˣǺѻȿµĴڣǶȻԷĻᣬˣԼԣһв
飡
ѻص¶˵ϣ˫Ŀʼ𽥵ʧü֮УһѪۣȻǷƵһָɣ
ѻˣʱ̨ˣǽһĻ۵֮У˾ȣǾȣǿѻȴڣվǰ˷ƵС
һΣѻˣȻǲܻǳ֯ǻͲúѻˣãϾѻɵġ
Ƭ֮ںѻ֮ϣȻҲǸֳâһɫһŽɫһźɫ΢΢üͷâ
ɫĿռ䷨ɫʱ䷨򣬺ɫ֮
̾һƴһӣԼУںѻ壬ʱѾ𽥵ʧȥе
һαףյʤߣƣҲǽˣɾһǿȻͷɣػһһܹ磡
̲סХһ˶ټѣԼǵһǰδе۷壬Ӱ½߳һСǿߣվɳֵز


2804 һЦ
ХƮ롣
˿̣Ϲ˰״̬˵Ŀ⣬̨ϵǵӰϡ
ڷ֮ڳˣٶһЩĴš
ʱ򣬸ûнӰ½ëͷСӷмһˣڣĿ÷նɱ˺ѻ֮ǵģǵ꣬𺳣ڲ
ǼԼͬ뵽Զʱݺ֮
ҲһΪµĴڣֵʧδһܣ֮µһˣ
ڵķƣǸʱڼ޵е֮ƣѾȫʢʱڵ֮
Ϊʱ֮Ҳͽӵ֮ѣ
ڵķƣӵ֮ӵؼǴ֮
ôܣǰ½ССһ壬ôӵߵ츳˶벻ͨԴƶӹϡİ½ôܹ
ڳˣ󲿷֣Ʋ½ˣΪ½ûһͻƵ𾳽硣
ڣ˭Ҳ˵һƲܴǸ
Сӣ츳Ҳѹϼһ˵עˡͨվڸߴ˫˸˸ƺܿʵʡ
ΪؼߵĴڣһαһˡ
֣Լ͸ˡ
Ů洹Ŀľʲôءͨټһ
û֪ΪεϵŮ洹񣬽ֻ壬û֪ĿʲôλҲ˽⡣
֮ͨǷǳΪһֱĹ۲塣
Ů洹ʧΪū壬½ū̧ۣͷϣ
ͨ켸Ҫ۲ʱڣվˣ
ޣģޣ
ǰ𣬺ɨ£ΪһƬأӴˣֱܹ˵
ǣͨʧǣУ츳ߵ֮Ҳδܴƽ
ĽգͨˣǸϼһĿΪһֱˡ
Сӣڴƽ졭
һ֮ͨĿ˷һۣһʧԭء
һ̣һԵĻʸ˫ųһĨǵЦݣޱߣŮġ

ҡⶼԡ
Ϲ޼˫۵ɵͭ㣬ǲĳ鴤ţǷսķƣЩ˵
Ѿ޷Լеĸˡ
뵱ʱųɽʱһΪ¼ûмĶ֣ԴƣԼˡ
ˣ졣
ʦһ̵ֱ߽Ļ䶼ϼ룬ʤڣ仰⡣
ǿֻʿૣǳ¶һĨЦ⡣
Լ˵ûԼ츳䲻Լ磬ǣԼ۹⣬ȴؼһ޶ģ
Ȼôܽʶôһأ
Լ츳𣿡
һԣ˫֣˸ӨӨ
ѵ𣿡ֻתͷЩɻĿ
츳ɰͻ𡣡
Ĭ𻺻˵ǣҲֻӵ֮ѣ˵㷢ӵ£ҲoԲ
ǡ
ֻüͷ΢΢˵ʲôȴ˵
ȷ츳ȷƻҪǿ֣ΪΣȴܹɳһҪĵزأ
Ǳѹ
һĨâڵķƣʱʱ̶̿ڵѹɳҪҪĿԼݡ
ԣҪĸǿıκ˶ҪǿܱҪһУ
ǣôôǿǱֻЩɻ
ÿһ˵Ǳ޵ģǿº󣬾޷ͻƣǸزˣǱﵽº󣬾޷ٽһ
˵һ仰
ɫׯ壬Ǳһ塣
زȻǱǶôĲƸԵĻԸӵеһУֻһǱ
Ҳ˵ֻҪһֱѹڣܹϵıǿȥ𣿡ֻʵĳ׵ı𺳵ˡ
ֻҪ䡣÷
ٺ١ֻһЦԺˣ˵ûҾҪԼŬȥȡʲô
ûϢĻɵİһۣǣȴҲһǳǳĻȡ
ԷƵԸԺֻѣԲԹۡ
Ǻǡ
һԵȴֻһЦ
ע˲ֹԼͷһ
ֹһεʣΪôע壬ͷȴһֱӶأ
ѹ
Уõ˴𰸡
ȻӵǱǣûѹһֱڰֵеĻҲ߶ȵĳɾ͡
ǻǿΪѹ

ƣʤ
£ʱƽĺͶһʯ˲ϣҲƽ
ⳡȶӡ֤˷Ƶʵ֮⣬ҪǣܹӭȢȵʥŮ
ɾʹһˡ
ȻڷƵʵ𺳣ǣȴҲڳһЩһηӭȢʥŮݾͲһˡ
ΪȵŮǳʲôɿܵ⣬ȻҲΪ
ȴ֪ڲ֪Զ׺ȴڸпͨСµĺôһ塣
ֻʵֵ飬ȴŮơ
޺ֵܣĸҪ
Ӯˡ
ĿһۻΪɢڿеĺѻһһ̧ͷ㿴һЦ绨ʱɵһ𶯡
һοʸ˫Цݡ
ЦôаôĿģҲκδݡ
һֱǵĹϵӵһμ󣬾Ͳ̫Ǣ˵Ǵڳӵ״̬ǣô֮ڷƵУѾϿĴڡ
ʸ˫ԼӣһֻԼŮˣ
ڣڣԼ˳ӭȢˣ
ʲôҪҲûնɱ˺ѻûȥնɱѻʲôĺ
Ҳǻʸ˫Ϊ֮жԭ
֪ԼڷеЦˣЦĺܿġɽڻģֻʵ˶ɵۡ
˶ʼɰСôôõ޸
Ϲ޼ɲɵһҪһƯģСӣ
һֱڽڶˣԺҪòĹ
˶õܻһĪӵκ˶⡣
ԶʸĿ⸴ӵĿһĻþò죬ų̾һʧ
ѻʵΣиܵģԣȻĻʸ˫ߣǣȴףȥսƣҲֻȡѡ
ϲϲ
һᣬƱ㱻һѹάΧ


2805 
ȻڵǵһƬϲ֮УȻҲûȥᣬѾΪʧߵĺѻʬ壬ʱڷ浱С
ǰãѻһڳ˶֮ɫĿ´ڣǡڣǷƵѣɾԼ
һս֮󣬻˭ҷϣѾǳɾ統һǿߣȻһС壬ȴ飡
һ
ͨڿ̨֮ϣעŷƵӰҲ̾Ϣһ壬Ǳһ壬ǰһеޣջˡ
ʱ꣬ٶǳһ޵˵Ҫ£
ǲ֪ǷܹǸ½ˡͨ૵صԱߵĻʸ˫ʱﻹעͨ˵Ļڻʸ˫ǰ˼˷ƵϣһΪӮһӡ
һ̣ʸ˫֪ԼڷƵҲռݲٵĵλǰĶԹҲǾʹɢΪڷƵϣܵˣܹΪκ¡
һŮ˵ʲô˸ж飬һˣȺۣ
ȻףһƬĵ֮Уȴûע⵽ڵ֮⣬ȴǺܲɵһȺˣΪ׵а𣬴ʱȴһĲ˼顣
Уһѻ״壬ȴǻƬǺѻһƬĻôʹţѻѾˣ
Ȼѻˣаܹţѻһμǻ֯ѪϧһдۣѵʥʥŮƿصĴҲǿжȡ
ԭΪ״̬֮µĺѻȫ磬ûһĶ֣Ȼͨϼһ֣Ҫһʱ̽ȻҲ޷
еǾԲģ飬ѻ
ңѻˣһʱ֮䣬Ҳõļƻʵʩȥԭźѻȡھʱȵôǿߣɺܴ壡
ʱ˵ǰѻɵģǾǼӵֱӴͷʵԣӦػһҲУʱ򲻹һɨأ
ȾٰıףȴǱɵ˶ȡ˹ھοͷʵ
֮£ɵĴǿٶֱӵؽ٣ɺܲЧȻ˵ݻȣٵǣ׿׿ࡣ
ǣѻѾˣôѾźõ飬Ȼûа취ʵʩȥаȥ֮޷ɵϣ
ϾһΪƻʥʥŮƿطǱǿгӶӳںѻϣ˭뵽Ȼôһ֡
ңǻҪԵһ⣬Ǻѻϵַ
ռ䷨ʱ䷨ַνɵĴÿһʥʥŮѻĻҪջһ˵ǵһЦ
аڡǺãԱҲһѯʵϾ֮£һȺˣóȻؽǣȻﲻƻ֮еЧҺпܻܵȵķˡ
аɫ׵û˵һе壬ҲǶȻһգػһĨ飬ƮɢڿС
ɱҶࡣ
аص˫֮˸һɱɫѻˣôɱģȻǸֵһˣѻն֣Ƿơ
Ҳ˵ɱѻˣǷơ
ʱԶһӰȻƿնһɸ룬һֽа߶һ֣ҲŸԶаµֱϡ
а¿һ֮󣬱һȻǷƣ
ڵ֮е̽ҲǸѻ˭ɱһȷؿˣռ˺ѻڵַ֮
һ㣬аΪŭһ㣬һμƻʧҲ㣬ַԲ˵УοǷơ
а£ַҪɣѻҲˣַԲܶ
аԱߵļλҲǻؿڵаһȻҪûֻڷڵǣͨҲڣóȻȥĻ»°
ʱͿռ䣬ҪûʵڲеĻҲҪһλ𿪿ڵ
а΢˫ۣϵ˸ţƬ֮Ҳ¶˾ģҪɣǲϧһдۣ


2806 ٣
ǾͶְɣаҲǳŵص֮£˽û֮⣬ûİ취ˡ
ߣһȥǣҾͲͨ컹ô֡
аȻǸҽǣȻҲİգһԼҲǲкüλͨȻҲǲ顣
ڵ֮Уƻ˱׵ĹھҲЦؽ˵ףֻʵֿıһһܹ֮ɣϹ޼ɺֻ˿ǳ˲
֣ϲˡҲЦص֮գұȻǴػһһݴ񣡡
ллˣȻ֪ʱ飬ǵգǱȻǲ飡ҲǺһЦûԼҲûа취׵˿ĵء
ʲôϸǼ͵ǴһֻʹЦΪƵֿѣܹԸԳȻҲǸеˡ
˵˵Ϲ޼ɴʱԱҲЦص
λ
Ȼʱ̨ԭĵַ棬سͨӰʱվڰ֮УȻûпͷųƣڳĺܶ˵ͨĴڣѾĲ˳
ͨ쿪ڣһҲǰ˶ǽͨϡ
ȵıףķƣȡ˿ףԼҲͳΪʥŮʸ˫δ򣡡
ͨ˶ǹϣƺͻʸ˫ңңһۣҲ¶˲õЦݣôܹ࣬һ
ȻѾһӣ˭ֻ顭
ң֮⣬һϢҪߴҡ
ͨܿ˼õЩٶǰȥǶ쳹
һֵı棬һˣѻѾɵˣԷֽնɱҲٴպ¶ǣƵĻȻῶһ
һ仰˲˵𾪣һЩҲȻѹǿԭɵģܹͺѻǿ
ͨһҪˣô˵ҲǰȵˣܹȢʸ˫Ϊޣǲס˿ɾǿȥˡ
ʱ򣬶ȻһԭʵգҲǿʼźһƣһգǣ
ͬһʱ䣬Ƿƣˣɫ΢΢һ䣬ӵЦ𽥵ʱ״߲ư
ͨʱҲ̧ͷ΢΢˫̧ͷ֮еһƬƣҲߵͷ¶β֮Ȼ˵ǣΪβ
ͨȻ֮±ͬһľ죬Լɢ֮ƣõò˶̾Ϊֹ
۷ô
Ŵͨ𽥵ǿҲ૵صʱ˿̣ͨ𽥵ӣٵǵˣоѡ
ͨǰѰ֮ˣͬһ㣬ûκ
ͨ죬δ۷ڰ
ʱһҲǴӰ֮лشƬ֮ͬǱһֻ֧ذοһȺ˰֮У
Ϊ׵ĺȻа
ͨ΢΢̧ͷҲǱŷһĨâɨһа£һγֵƺԼԤϡ
һΪ˭а£ûаŪһźʱ꣬㻹̲סôͨЦͬʱ˻֣ȵĳҲһԾ
˫ǿߣȻرǿڶţ
գҲġа²÷Ƴһ۷ƣָĶԷŹһ·
΢΢㵣ȻΪԼƬ֮Ҳ˹Ϊ˺ѻϵַ֮Ҫջȥô
뵽һ㣬Ʋɵ΢΢һЦԼҪûȥϣûô򵥵顭
ʱͨȻǲʲôҲǻ˻ֵа£δеԴͷˣǵǣȣĪΪԼܹаô
ˣȻ͡а𵭵صѪϴǣ
Ѫϴǣһ仰а˵Ƿŵƽʱδж˵棬ʱа󣬿ͬҲӵм𾳵Ĵڣǿڶ࣬Ǵʱǵء
Ϊһαףֻǳ˲֮ڣ


2807 а
ʱڵõ࣬õǫ́ľֻиͨʮλϣͨԼаϵĲ໹еġ
ѪϴǣҲ˵仰ʸ񣿡ͨһЦ۹ȴаܹһ֮ɱ֮⣬˸
˵ǵǣаͨ˿η壡
вУԾ֪ˡа˻֣֯ǿߣҲ̤һƼΪغƴɨӶǣƺҪ֡
Ѱô
ʱҲվˣԷǳԼȻǲܶڱ˵ĺ棬ʱҲηԷаҪԼ֣»ùͨһء
ڷƵ֮УǳŽɫĹâµϵһ̣ͨҲ΢΢زһ
һʱ䷨һǿռ䷨ȻԺѻϣû뵽ƾȻǻ˳ֵذȡ˹
ôһ˵ĻҲѹаǲһҲҪ֣Ϊ˶ȡȥַ򣬶˵ַѾǴʱ䣬һһʥʥŮǼ̳й
ΪҪǣΪɵĳЩֶΣַһǴһʥʥŮϰеһʥʥŮʱڴ֮һʥʥŮܹﵽǰߵĸ߶ȡ
Ҳ˵ַ֯洫˶꣬Ƿǳ˵Ĵڣ˵ƵУһѰ˵嵱УҲõ˲ƿؼΪµ
ԣͨڿеŹâҲ΢΢һ֣һɿʧ˺ѻ֮⣬ʧƵĴ
˷ƵУܹûȥ
а㻹аʱʱ䣬аʱ֮ڣѵǸѪϴˣ㵹ǿԣֻһʱ֮֮еӢҲǽ٣˵㣬֮ˣҲҪڴ˵أ
ͨƳһа¶һĨϷʵЦݣɫޱȣûжѹڲ֣ΪҪ˼ɵ֮еˡ
ͨڴа֣аһȶˣôǾ㹻İȥʱ򼴱ǵǳʲô⣬Ҳɵϣȡ
ͨĻаɫøضŷƣҲںţջҪ׼֣ȴǴģĶ֡
סȵЩˣͨ죬ȥѸٰѷƽˣջߣаҲǵͬ˴ǰҲǴλȻǱȲͨ죬ǿԵġ
񲻹ҸովһսԼԶ֣ƾҲǶȻ޷ӵõֻҪ֣аȻǿȫˡ
аɱ𣬱ͼҪѷƸŴȥɣǴʱӦˣôʬȥҲһ
ɵǿߣŵаĻ֮Ҳ΢ص˵ͷ£ߵǿ߶˲䶯ˣسȵЩ೤ϵС
ͨ죬ѾǷֻλֻҪͨκλ֣ôаȻҲûκ
ƣСģǳģͨ쿴һۣȻҲ˶ԷͼֱӵŭһҪȥλɵȴ
ͨΪƬص۷ڣλҲܹ࣬ϾԷҲΣҪһɱǼǲܡ
ԣĿǰƵΣգΪһǱаˣ¾е鷳ˡ
Ҳǲ飬аƵûһ㣬ȴˣǾǷƴʱ״̬ǳغãΪʹ˷źѻĶս֮Уûκκ֢
ңʱֻʵһۣҲֱͦӵس˷ƵԱߣֻʣֵܣϹ޼ɣûκ
ǰڵʱͲ֪ȥˡ
΢΢һЦԼ޷Ըа𣬵Զԣ˰æĻǵҲδ޷аһսô˵Լֻ߲ʺϹ޼ɣ𣬺
Լ֣ΪҲԼĪи˽⣬ǲأһֱںҲȥ
ƾˣҪסң
аɨӶ֮ҲǱ¶һֲмǼ϶ѡ


2808 
ԡһЦôˣȻҲ޾а
Сĵ㣬ͨһֵġʱҲѵ
ţа𣬶ǰƺǰͨ£Ҳ֪ôȥˣΪûнչӺԣҲһƺǻСĵ㡣
΢΢һ㶣ҲǲνĻΪ
ҲżŹóӶöû˿ֵĻȺģǵˡ
ںŵߣЩȻҲŵ˲ٵ飬żа飬һֻõ˶ǳΪԩ꣬󲿷ԼôĿ¶ǲ
ʱаѾǳ˷Ƶ˵ǰӾЦƳһ۲ԶʱȵǿߣϾƵʱҲǲࡣ
ĻһǵȵͨôΣյľͲǷƣԼˡ
ԣаҲǶȻطѣӰϯĿȻȻǷƣ
סֻŭһΣа֡
ˣڴʱǹͬĳ֣ȻǰûоκεĽ֣˴֮ҲһĬ֣ȻҲɹԵƣԱ㿹а
аµ˶飬˵֣һʱ֮䣬׽סκεҪȵػɱƣҲ޷ӸֳһĨɫ
ȺСǱóԼ
а૵صʱ䲻࣬ҲֱӵԼ˫֣ӹŵһЦŷƵ˵ɫͬǿһ㡣
Сĵ㣬۾
£ǷӦ˹ֱӵŭƺΪʱϹ޼ɺֻ˵ȴǶȻһ£˫֮еľâ𽥵ȥȡ֮һãɫ
ˣ˻ҧгݵص̶Ȱ˺󡣡
֮£Ȼ޷սǳϵǣ𿿽ֻϹ޼֮ʣһĻȴǷˡ
˾Ȼֱӵض֣
ͻȻıʣҲǾһӦʱڶǱϹ޼еĳˡ
˫΢΢һҲǷ˲ԾĵطƺûκʶǶ֣ƺǱĳţȫǱ⡣
˻һаš
ʱҲǱֻܿʵһæǳ˺
ԣɫһӱǳаֶξˣʩչ˻һǿֻϹ޼˵ľٶ
һӣƾǱüΪֻϹ޼ɶлУǷӲκսһǣס
ʱ򣬵Ҫƶһа
ҵǣʱаƺΪʩչǿסֻʺϹ޼ɣƺûа취ٶԸƣĻһаĲ
ʲô취ܹĻô
ҲǳʵΪҪľǣаʩȻĻһȵаĸˣԸôƵĴʮֵΣա
ܲܿӦǿԴĻ
ȻʱҲǲϵضϹ޼ɵĳȻҪֵĻϹ޼ɿ϶Ķ֣˫ʶģ޴֣Ҳǡ
ԣüͷҲûмǣֱӵرĿǳаȥƱҪаĻȥĺΣա
Ȼаע⵽˷Ƶľٶڷ嶯һ˲䣬ҲɭһЦΪҾû취Ըô
һ̣ڷƳԱߵʱ򣬶Ȼ֮£а˫ٶǱ˵âҲʶر˫аĻӦͨ˫ԶԣֻҪǱܿ۾עӣ㹻ˡ
ߣ棬Ϊҵ˫ۣܹǶܵô
ʱаȴ΢΢¶һĨЦݣһϷʵɫŷƣ÷ظõ뷨еЦԼĻ򵥣ôҲǲ
ԣʶһﰵѵﲻԣǺܿ죬Ժ֮бǲһѣεĸоʱ򣬷Ҳ֪ˣԼڲ֪֮УҲ˶ԷĻ


2809 
һ˲ĹԼѾаĻҷͬԼôеģҲǲ֪
ƴʱǰһ龰ʼ𽥵ģŤǶĤĺ֮£˵ԺڳŻĲϹ
ǿбסһʱҪֻȵǱŪףԼô˻Ψһ㣬ܹ⿪
۾Լûай߽Ӧòһ棬һ߳Żҵľ񹥻ͬʱǿʼת
ܹά̫ãΪƺֻû̫ЧܹЩΪ㹻ǿ
ֻʵˣѾ˻ҵĻþ֮Уٲ֣һжűܣҴʱֻʵ˵꣬аǵԺĻ󣬼žܹǡ
뵽߶ӲĻôǵаֵӡܹǷҲǲȷ
߲ϵػŸֺ÷ƵԴԼʹ磬һۣҲǰвʱ˶Ȼͣ΢΢س顤ţ¶ΪʹɫӦ˻
ģһĻƾʲôֶΪý鴥ġҲǵҲԭ򣬼ûκʤ㣬ҰĿǰȥƺ֧Ų֧ͨԮ

Ȼŭһ˫âҲ뵽ֿܣӡߣЩаĻý飬ôһֿԣ
ûƣûУĻʩչΪýģ
Ĳ²֮ҲǰһҲǶһӣһӵֱӵ쳹ǣ
һŭ֮£˶ǸоĤڣʱɫ΢΢ͨ죬ȻʩչĳؼԼ̺ģ
ʱڴڻ֮е磬ڿ˼ţаʲôΪĴý飬ʱ򣬷ƶضߴһһŭ
͵̧ͷԼشʲôһŭѾǾˣȻˣǵÿԼֶΣƵԼڵĻ

΢΢ر˫һŭ𣬲ϵػԼĶߣҲ˹ҪƵý飬»Ǵ֣֮
ʱغһһӱƽǴϵĺѾ޷κζҡˣ෴ãԴЩ֡
ƻر˫˫ֿʼϵӡʱһ㵭ľɫâҲǲϵ塣
ƺǹһ˲䣬Ҳǹ꣬ƶȻ˫ͬһâֱӵرûκεͣ٣âֱӵػ˿ռ䣡
һӣڷǰǻҵĿռ䣬ʱҲ𽥵ؿʼ˱⣬һĻƵǲɵ΢΢аĻѾǱԼƽˣ
ʱа𣬿Ƶ˫𽥵ػָҲһ㶣ԼĻȻ㱻ƵˣҪ֪Ȼ֪ĻͨʲôýͷţҪƽ⿪ǿߣ
ƣôģ
ʱǰһƬ飬ҲٶȻصʵ֮Уһ̤Ца𣬲˼ĻѾЧˣ
Чûда𲻹ٶʩչʲôֶεĻѾͨͨԷЧˡ
ֶιȻ£һ˱ʣͼûκΪ
ôܣôҵĻаҧгݵصɫȻԸţҲòϣƵȷƽĻ
ûʲôܲܵġҡҡͷ˫֮ҲһĨ⣬аڲݻܹҵĽô
ƾ㣿аЦҲǸһĨ⣬ƹȻͬԼĻƽˣʱƺǿ͸Լ޷״̬
ʩչ˻ڲֻϹ޼ˣҲûκʱ飬ȻǣƲ׽һ㣬ڽʱ䣬˭йа޷з
ûֻϹ޼ɣܹǽл֡


2810 
һǷƵĻǵھٶǻص˾ƣԼǿҲСһûа취ȷż
аɫòƬ֮Ҳ΢΢ƵҲһĨݡ
ȻһУȴûпһסˣȥԸа𣡡
Сġûй˵ʲôֻܾǣסļһϾֲ֣һʱ֮䣬ûκΰ취
Ƶ˵ͷ֮ҲǸһĨɫ͵һֱӵʧԭأٶȳ֮ʣѾֱӵسаߣ
ٺ٣ϼһл֮
һЦ֪аһʩչŻͱǱеӡ⿪Ļ޷κεĻ
С̫ˣ
ʱаȴǹճһĨ̵ЦݣڷƵ˫ע֮£Ȼֱӵɿеӡͬһֱӵ˷Ƶ
˫ȻؽȴǾޱȣôܣ
·㲻ߵƫɲԹֱˣаЦѣ˷ƵҲѸٵذзһɰİͨ󣬴ݽ˷Ƶ֮У
꣡
ɫȻرò԰ޱȣҲֱӵѪʱȷһƬңаİֲ˹ֱӵûаľ˺飡
ַ򣬷ɣ
аŭ֮оɱ⣬Ҫȡϵֱַӵطϵƣ
ϲģȻҡ֣õԼǵѪҲ¶ɫǿеѹԼĴƻİ
Ҿֱӵɱ㣡аҲǶŭˣɱѾȻƲʶʱôҲǲ飬˵ƶɶԣΪҪֹϵɴеΪҪ
ɱңе㣡
ҲһЦ֮еĿ鶸ȻҲֱӵתаһ
ٶʩչһʵڷ˵ĸ󣬵ûа취ղаİѾھشˣҪѵʱаǱٴζ÷
Ȼ֮£ƵڣȴٶǱһɸΪǿ֮ʣа˫оޱȣƾȻܹǿҵ
Ȼûаϸ룬׽ס󣬴ʱȴӲرǿµ𿪣Ҳɫ΢䣬а
Ȼѵ֮󣬶ȻԼȭͷȭͷ֮ϣžɫâƣµǴ֮һӱǱӲаļ֮У
أ
һ죬һȭ֮£֮Ŀռ䶼Ǵݶռ䲨ǹǣаƺӲسסһȭ
˵ƾرţɫأڵԴԴϵشݶԼȭͷаϣȴһĸо
꣡
һϸ΢촫ǹͷѵʱа΢΢һüͷһԼļҲǾе㲻˼飬ԼȻܹһˣ

аŭһ͵һӲرǽ˶ֱӵرˣ
а˿ǲڷƱ·˵ߵķһ㣬˶ȥ
ֱ֮󣬲ǿס
üһһС㡣аؿŷƣļڸղһ֮£Ȼܵơ
һЦϲģ㻹ʲô˵ò£㻹˵Լ𣿡
£ֻǾʱ䣬ǼŭаֻҪӵʱԽãôпֲǿд
ʱҲע⵽ˣƺаֻ֮ʺϹ޼ҲͣƺûбаţȻûдǵȻ֮
ڸѡҪôַҪôǿǵǰ
ǣû뵽ǣʱаȻ֮ƣٶǽܳӡֱӵٶȿˣǲ˽л๥
һĻƶȻ۶ˣŭȵϲģס֣
һֻۣٶǰӲؽ˷ֿΪаĻ֮Уʼ˰νɱûκεأ֮пʼƴ


2811 
ò˵аһ֣ȷӦãĲ֮£Ϲ޼ɺֻҲֱӵؽ˻ɱ֮С
Ҫȥֿ˿ûκãݵˣƺҲѹһʱ޷֯
ô㻹ַͿͬڻ֮ɱɣ
аЦǲ֪ԼһٶѾǲ׽˷㣬֮£ǲ˵ܣ
û취ڸ޷֯üͷ壬һεرϹ޼ɵĽˣ֮ʶսȻǣҲ޷ӡ
ɫأȴͷ˸ȡʱ취ƺû㹻İ취
㻹ǲԸ⽻а𿴼ûʲôҲһŭЦɫ㿴ΪҲ֣
аӡȻٶȱãʱϹ޼ɵĶȴȵͣ෴ǣֻеĺ쳾Ѿǰγֱӵ
˫ȻҲǿ˴ʱа뷨ŭһҲκεֱӵض˿ռ䷨˲سֻʵǰ
ֻʣѣ
ŭһ˫ҲǸֳ˾ɫâֱӵӲֻһֻʵ˫ӣʱֻʵ˫濴ģֻãͿն
ҪһĻֻǱаǣűߣ
ȥסа߽ңҲŤͷһˣûа취ܹав˵Ļܹаɵˡ
ܷεŭֻʴʱûκηӦƺ޷ڻþ֮
ֵסһȻжȻ˾裬弱æƶһһĽǲӶԭϹ޼ɣʱаĲ֮£ٶǷ˹һĿȴ
һӣƾ˵ֹƳһڲϵ׷аͼǿͣ»Ĳݡ
аվ𼶱û˵׷෴ϵƶԼλã޿κΣ
סŭһʱֻǴֻϹ޼ɵ֣ǵıѣܻӰ죬Ψܹаļݣ
ʱаĲ֮£ֻʻϹ޼ɶǺǣͬǳĬһ㣬һǰһ˲ǿʼԷƶ
ֻʣϽѹҪǰҲҪģ
ŭͼͬİ취ֻʵıģ֣ƺûκЧֻϹ޼֣
׷ĵôһУǶʵģ
ħѲ٣ʲôʲôٵģ
֮У˲ϵض˵ֹͬʱϵͨȥ˵ıģƺûжЧ
̫ˣΪҵĻͿԱƵô
ڲԶͬҲڽв϶а𣬾ԵøΪ࣬ЦϣȾٶֱͷˣƾ仰ܹ˴ԼĻ֮ô
ȻƴʱҲǽѣֻϹ޼ɵ֣Ȼ޷ֻ֣ͼ㻽ǣ֪ûκϣ
ڵ飬עǵڣܹ߳
ʱ򣬷ƵԺ֮УȴСεƺǾ㵣ҲûκγɣС˵ģҲֻˣܳɲɣ
׼֮һ˫һ̣嶸Ȼʧԭأٶȳ֮ʣȴѾֻϹ޼֮䡣
Ǹˣ
ƿһϹ޼ɣҲĬһ£оɫâƣһƺϹ޼ɵţһƣûжöǵرϹ޼ɣ
ڱϹ޼֮󣬷ûκγɣֱӵһסֻʵڰҲһ˲ӿֶɫâڻؽֻʵڡ
ͬʱҲǻرԼ˫ڳţԼȥӰֻʴʱһУ
֮ʣֻʵȻҲǹؽӲǳź쳾ֱۣҲǻطȻڲԶаȴһľ㵣֣ƺԼѾ޷ͨȥֻˡ
ôܣ
аһزţǲţȻ˿δ⿪Լ֮£Լʧȥ˲ݵʵƫƫһĻ
аҲ뵽ֱӵؾ˫ٶȱ仯һӡԶһƱ˵Ϲ޼ɣʱȻվһֹĽǶȾսš
аҪϹ޼ȥ֯ƣȻĻ൱ĻûκЧ
ȻһĻԤϲȴǳˣϹ޼ɵϣȷͻȻسֳһâһɸΪǴ
һõò˶ǲĿ࿴аǾһΪΪ֣ԼϹ޼ɶ޷ˣ
а𼸺һץĸо⵽ô£ֻʧȥ˿ҲˣΪзƵĲ֣ǴʱΪϹ޼Ҳʧȥ˲ݣ
һ̣Ϲ޼ɵУȻظһѾ޴ɳߣ޾âȻɳߣ
ĹͷɳԶس֣ǽ˻סɳ֮â𽥵Ϲ޼ɵ壬ɳߵķãаҲʧȥ˵Ŀƣ
һۣȻǲ׷ʲô飬ǰҲԼز²ƺаʧȥ˵Ŀơ
һĻͬʱһЦһ̣Ҳ˲س֣ȻʱûκμɵôҲǿԾس֣
ϲģҵܵܶҲݣΪԼ޵ˣ
ǰصڱտھϲģȻ𣬵Ҳǲη壬һ;ϣη壬еֻ濹֮ģ
û˵ʲôֻ֮ʱʱ˸ĺ⣬ƺ˿𽥷ڵս⣡
ȻΣ޵Уͬ㣬Զ
˵սȼգһƬصǱԽǿңµ𽥵š
ʱԼ뵽ֻʵ֮Уһ˲Ļ㱣Ҳǽ뵽˴ʱֻʵ磬ֵһƬڰ磡
֮Уϵس֣һϵص£Ȼǲϵվظϣ
ֻʣҪǰĲһжαҪԼе


2812 ָ
ƴʱҲǿˣֻʵ֮Уֻʴʱϵһһһ˽йȴÿһζʧܶա
ƳһֻۣʶսһˣȻǻʸ׵ģ
ѹֻˣܹѰеĿ־壬ħ
ƵҲŪˣ⵽ô£Ҳﰵһ£Լڻ֮УͬҲʱ̫õĻ֪Լʲô
ҧҧֻǿг֣ʱֻеֵġʸסˡ
νġʸס϶ĻʸףֻֻһֱڵħȻǰãٶȽ֣ϵǣֻеħûȥ
ƳһȣҲһȭǼ䣬Ǻӱһȭֱ֮ӵغɨһҵġʸסϡ
飡
һ죬ǡʸסֱӵؾǱһȭˣƻΪɵذֻʽѵȻû뵽Ƭ̵ĹȴƾճһӰ
ǡʸס
ٶȳֵġʸסƲɵ΢΢һ˫ȥƺе㲻Ծӣ˵⡰ʸסԼ֮ǲٳֵġ
ʱҲע⵽ˣµġʸסֻ֮Ҳٶǿվһؿ֮⣬еĺ쳾ǡʸס˹ȥ
һĻԼ˹Ҫİ취ǵֻʵϣֻʵ磬һжֻ
аĻֻĵħӶǲϵѭֻʵʸ׾ĵˣ֮£ҲǲϵػǰġʸסȻΪã⡰ʸסֻеִѣֻҪִ⡰ʸסǲʧ
Ƴһ£һ̣嶸ȻһֻûһʸסȥĿֻʡ
Ȼس̵ֻʵǰֱӵסĹƣƶֻʴʱ˫Ҳŭȵѣֻʣ
ڣľһ˫ãնȴӿֿսӣȻֻʱܵ˻ɱΣǷֲ
ưٰź֮£ֻʶûа㷴ӦǲϵŷƵǹνġʸף
ʱҲǲˣֻʵʱһʸסҲ˿ƺֻˣŻǶ֡
Ժ֮һ⣬ͻȻ뵽һ취Ȼǲ֪벻ɣվҪһԣֻȥܵ˻ʴ˶ԣҲһ¡
ҪֻʰѵĿǰһҪǰĻþ֮
ֻֻǴһֱɱε״̬Ҫѹ͵ͨһЩ޵ֶΣ硭ֻʲʹ
ԲˡҲҧҲǶֻʳ֣ľɫâϵƶֱӵطֻʵȥ·֮£ƺֱӵضֻʽиֹ
˿ǲ飬գڷƳ˹Ƭֻ֮ʶȻصȹڵϣϵشϢʱҲ͵زƺֻʵ˫𽥵سһĨ֮ɫ
ȻЧ
аϲֶΣò˵Ϊ֣֮еֻѹȻҪԼйƺٸһʱ䣬ֻʾܹ״̬֮

ֻʲϵشŴƴʱҲͣ˹ֻʣ㻹ѹνħѵĿ粻ȥô
ڽʱ򣬿ǻʸףƾ֪Ȼ̨֮ϣԻʸףսʤԼеĿ־壬ħӴֻʵС
һεĻҲ÷֪һ㣬ֻʿƾԼڻ֮ѹôǿħǻʸٶȻԼҲܻٳƵ顣
ΨһܹģҲôˣܼˣΪٶֵĻ¾Ҫ˼ֻʡ
ֻʴʱʹͷһйеһ㣬õƬڰĿռ䣬𽥵ز˱һ˿˿â𽥵سֶ
ʱһʸסӰҲǻȥһĻƲ΢΢һЦգֻվܹսʤԼħ
Ƭ֮󣬹â𽥵ȡһƬڰҲǸܵһεǣԼ壬ԼһƬռ䣬΢΢һЦΪˣǵȹڵϵֻʣʱȴǻ̧ͷ֮һƬ


2813 
һʱյתٶ˫֮ʣѾǻصʵ֮УʱٶǴըƻվɫҲǸֳһĨɡ
ʱֻҲǻ˫ǰݵʱһ㣬һһƬ
ƣллˡ
ֻۣһǸƵлȻܹǳ𣬸ղԼһУûзƵĳ֣ûа취ֻĿơ
ÿ˵УвԸȥԵ飬ⲢηɣܹԼӵȥЩ顣һЦҲΪص
Ϲ޼أʱֻ˹ҲǻܣҪѰϹ޼ɣΪ˻ôȻϹ޼Ҳ޿ɱ⡣
ƺɳߵڻסӦ赣ġҲ΢΢ƳһۣԶһ߲âɢž˵ԼؿԿһΡ
ģƺɳߵڹؼʱ̽лסӶǱϹ޼˻þС
غһҲǽתƵһߣʱˣа֣ò˵аʵ˵ãľ磬Ӳѹ֮ûһƢ
ҿ£ʱƣ𽥵¶˲еļȻô˫ǶһѾõվǲ
ȥæˣ㿴һϹ޼ɡƳҲǱֱڵķȥ֣аҲռʲôˡ
ټĻͲ֪Ρ
ƸҲ˲֣ͣһξ룬ʵˣ
ղаսǸ޷Ҳ˿ûвֻѾǵȻ֮о˹
û£ֻѾ˹Ϲ޼ɿ»Ҫһʱ䡣Ƶ˵ͷشҲõһôֻûг£Ļص壬֪Ҫν
һаɫǺòȥˣԼĻӶʧȥЧһ޷ĥƽʱ԰ĻȴʧȥЧ
Ƭ̼ɣͨǱӦǺܿؽսƳƳһͨڵĵطȻ༸λʵҪʹס̫ͨãǲܵ顣
һ㣬аҲǲõˣɫһͨϹôûκλˣǰСһò˵Ϊġ
аоɲߵĻôȻͨ죬ʵͨ죬ûаʤ㣬ߵĻǾֻؿΪеװ׵˷ƵС
Ҫ֪ѻˣɶԣѾһǳ֮ʧˣοǶʧ»ص֮ڣҲѴ̡
գа˼һ֮ƺѾ˾ֱŷƣСӣ֪ϵǳҪ֪ʱĴǾͽ
һ̲סǰһаϲģƺܹÿһζץסԼ㡣
ߣϼһһжûãǵʥŮʲô¡Ȼ׵ر¶Լ뷨ҲԼز²⵽ˣʱĴж٣ϾΪ֮һӵߣҲǱ
ɣ֮еǷʲô飬ȻʱΣⶼǷҪ֪ģԽˣԽ֪ǲǰаץס㡣
ٺ٣СӣеԺδҲǷǳҪ죬Ǿ͵ַɽ
аɭɭƳһͨڵĵطļλȻӲסˣֻѡˡ
аҲǻ˻֣˶ֱӵشһƬһֵźţźų֮󣬲ս֮ɵǿߣһ㶣ҲѸٵ˺󣬼ΪĬ
ģϼһбܣߵҲ˵˵ѣϾļ׷˹ȥ
ƳĬ֮ȴǸֹһĨ⣬аⷬҲǲ²⵽֮п϶ǷһЩʲô飬Ҷа֮ǰ˵ģȻҪԼɽ
ò˵аһοǳ׵׽ס˷Ƶ֪ˣȻǲܲܣԸ񣬲Σǰȥɽһ


2814 ȡԼ
а뿪֮еһЩս֮еǿߣҲ˳ˣһͻȻ仯ҲõúܶǷʲô顣
ƿаȥıӰҲҡҡͷǸûаֻߣʱһֱûжϹ޼ɣʱҲ𽥵ظ˹
ʲô£ôоԴһƬҡϹ޼ѹ֮󣬵Ҳǲʵ˻֮Уǲǵκˡ
ûʲôղ˻֮УͲûɳ߿ˡҲ΢΢һЦڶû£Ȼá
Ϲ޼һҲӺԣеεصǼһأ
ܵÿ죬Ҳûʸ˫ʼΪεصһܹаĻͨԮֹаǳ׵Եڴ˵ˡ
ʱͨҲǳڷƵߣɨһۣ⼸Ҳûж֮⣬ɵҲһϾһȺ棬ҲУػһҲУڵǳ˸ʲôĻθϻƽ
ǶɡͨҲǵص˻֣һȳβƺǷԸһЩ֮󣬴׵ǽշ飬ǴŷƵˣ˵ǵ۵¥֮С
ڻص۵¥֮УƵҲǽһ¥С
°ɡͨȵϯ֮ϣʾǼƺҪʲôҪ˵
ƵһۣҲ̵£ʱͨ˷ƵϣصΪһα׵ĹھôǰԼʸ˫ȻҲܹΪӡ
ллͨǰȫ
΢΢һЦҲվͨʩչһ񣬱Ͼһε飬˵ʵͨĿڣҪͻʸ˫һ𣬵ȷǺ鷳
ܹһȻҲ⿴һ¡
ûв´Ļ˫ƺѾ˹ϵȻûҵĿڣӣҲԲĿ˫޸ˡ
ͨЦŵ࣬ƣֻҪӦһ㡣
˵֮УضȫΪҲɫػشҲǺ棬ͨ컹ǻʲôҪ
ʸ˫ȵʥŮ޸£Ҳϣ̫ƽϾϵȵӣɶͨ컺ص
˼һҲǵ˵ͷİɣѻʸ˫ӭȢţȻǲƽġ
ţãһκѻĳ֣һΪһ壬ЩǽͷݵС˭Ƭصߣ
ͨҲǵصһɵĳ֣ƺŭˣϾ֮ϣɾȻңҿзڣûûзƵĻһεıףɾΪЦˡ
ԣҲǿЦϺ꣬飬ǲŹһļֵһεıףȿԴѡһЩĺõ˼ȣԱֲǰʱ䣬ȵԪˡ
ңһκѻݣ棬Ҳǲͣһ֮ͨ£ȻͻԵȸΪؿ£һٶЩҡڶͷ֮еЩС壬ѡ
ɵսǹ̫áͨҲ̾һɵĵ̣ж٣һ˵֪ΪɵԵʡ
ûĻһι󣬿ҵȥһ˴ɽ
ʱҲͻȻɽɵĵ֮أν̶Ѩ÷Ҫǰɽ׷ɫһ䣬ֻʸֱӵվҡҡͷƣǸطȥ˾
仰˿ţǿɵĴӪǿһ׼ԶޣͨȼĴڣҲǲ׵طգ˵Ƿһˡ
ұҪȥġҡҡͷɫǼᶨ£û˿Ըıοһ¹ص죬ܲȥ
˵ʵɽȥҲûаԡʱͨѵõ¶һصɫŷƵȻҲ֪ν£㲢ȥ
ͨǿӲƺҪƣϾڷƿǻʸ˫δˣҲǰ֮ˣڴɽʲô飬ǳɺͳ
ǰҲòȥҡҡͷоУͨûǽܣǸӵؼᶨҪȥһ˴ɽԶš
ҪȥǾȡ˫ĻԼɡ
ͨǿӲɫҲΪãҲΪ˷ƺãȴ˿顣


2815 ˵
ͨһ˵·Ƶɫһ䣬û뵽̬ͨȵǿӲ
ͨǰ⡭ֻʵһۣҲǲղԾˣҲҪڵ
ö˵˵ʲôҺͨ˰֣ƣѾ˫δȻǲܹʲô⣬ѵûʸ˫޸֮عô
ԣʧЦҡҡͷǰȥɽδؾͲܻŻ
ߣԴɽĪ㻹ͨҲǵһ۷Ƶͨ΢΢һΣƾնһżֱӵض˷ơ
һֱӵؽסк棬ʲô
һžţ֮ڣɳǿϣǶǽ˴ɽֱڣˣһҲûл
ͨصΪȥˣܲЩˣǶŻ˵㣡
΢΢ز죬Ҳ̯еƤžʼ
һȥɽδ飬ʱꡣ
𣬵ڶȥɽδ飬ʱʮꡣ
ȥɽδ飬ʱʮꡣ
𣬵ĸȥɽδ飬ʱʮꡣ
һ֣ƿ֮ҲǾޱȣȻôǰȥɽδ飡
УҲ𼶱Ĵڣѹͨ϶Լһȥɣǰ涼ôˡ
ǰǸʱδҲֻǷӰ벽۵ľ硣
ȻȥѾҲҡҡͷйžȴǵǸ֮£Ű벽ûκ𡣡
ͨŷƵͣɵҲ΢΢һ㶣ҲûõƾȻܹһ
ң˶ǽڰ벽۵ľ֮ϣҲ˵Ǵۣ𣬶ƽȵģǵ֮£һǰȥȻɡ
ͨ΢΢زˣҲǳҲˣѾʧˣͬģվȻΪûһս֮οɽɵϳãһλ֣㻹ܹ
ƳĬˣһͨ˵ûȻǳһΪվǿһ𼶱Ĵڣȷûʲôʤ㡣
οɽԲֹһ
˵ΣҪôȥҪôȥˣ˫֮ĻԼȡͨǿӲû˿ء
һӣվǱֻʵһۣҪڣҲǲ֪˵ʲôϾϣ޹ء
ֻѡһԼŰɡͨ쵭ص
ƳĬ֪ͨΪãϾǰɽȷɣǴΣñȥ
شǾȥɽ
ȻʱһŮȻһۣ׷תͷ˹ȥֻʸ˫˽
˫޹ء
ͨüҲʾ˫Ҫ˵ǻʸ˫ȴҡҡͷʦȥɡ
ôҲͿδѵԸȥͨҲŭˣ˵Ҳǲɵࡣ
ǻʸ˫˿ǲ壬ص֪ɽΣգִҪȥȻ飬ͺΪңԶһ磬Ϊܳ˽ս
ƳĬˣһۻʸ˫Ҳǵ̾һڻʸ˫ԣʮֵزƽǡҲܶԴŲʣ֪˴ʱĴƺΪزá
㡭ôôͿͨҲܻصʲôĻԼԼҵδȥҲ޳ɡ
ʸ˫ЦЦҲߵ˷ƵǰŷƵ˫ôŻҺڵ㡣
ʸ˫е˵˭Ƿȴ֪˵Ķӡ
غһ˵ͷģΣҶǻŻҿǻҪġ
־棬ͨ𼴱ٲԸ⣬Ҳûж˵ʲôϾʸ˫˵ˣҲûκηӣϾֱܹܲӵ˽Լ
СӣҼţ㻹ҪŻӭȢʸ˫ҪҲ㣡ͨҲõһ۷ƵȻѷơ


2816 ش½
ͨⷬҲЦЦٶһ֮񣬵һۻʸ˫ҲͻȻصǰһ󣬲֪ɷ
˵ɡͨҲǷ˷ۣ˻֣÷Ƽ˵ˡ
˫塣
ƵصŻʸ˫ȻǷǳڻʸ˫Ƿǳȥ壬ΪŷХƣԴǵ½֮ʣǱҲû
ţǻûгף˫ȥʺôͨҲǳһЩÿǣΪʸ˫Ĳһˣǹϵȵ档
ʦ𣬾Ҹȥɡ
ʸ˫жؿһ۷ƣȻףҪΪ£Ҳٶȿڿͨһȥ
ͨĬþòƬ֮Ҳǻ˻ֵȻִˣҲ޷ȥɡ
ͨ𿪿ڣƵȻǼѣŻʸ˫һۣ˶Ƿ˻ĵЦݡ
߰ɣֻ꣬ǰʱ䣬Сӣϣܹ֮ڴɽȻӭȢ˫ͨҲҡҡͷǹž֮ϣһЩڴɽ飬ϸһ
лǰ
Ҳغһ֪ͨΪãֻԼҪɽһˡ
ͨ˵ͷҲǻ֣ʾƵ˼ǿ뿪ˣֻϹ޼ɵһۣҲǵ˵ͷ̵뿪
СӣζƢͦԿڵģ֮ˣǸöáȵԻͣǲܻҵС
֮󣬴֮ҲǴһĵ̾ϢΡ
뿪۵¥֮ǼҲһ𣬿ǰ˼Ҫذ½
ƣһȥɽĲףϣ˼Сֻʺصص֪޷ıƵ˼̲סȰ˵
ģ֪ҼȻҪȥĻǱȻ޷⣬Ȼǵɽ𺣣ҲҪȥһˡҡҡͷڴɽƽĶۣ֪򵥣޷⡣
֮ϵվһҪ
ҿһȥϹ޼ͻȻؿڵȻɽжΣգҲܹƶ϶пܾɵϳ
ɣһϳϣٴͣҲΪ˵䲻ģΪȥ
ԣҲԸһȥֻҲǵ˵ͷ¾ǱֱӵһԴֻصƾǵΪȥҲǸҡ
ʲôңôҲֻʲˣԼܵܵĸ磬̫ˡ
߹ʲô԰ģ㲻ǷȥҲǸϺȶѡ𵭵ص˿ش
һĻҲЦЦϹ޼ɺֻʵǾͱˣ޹أҺ֮䣬վҪһ˶ϣûбҪǸһȥðա
ǡֻҪ˵ʲôȴǱֹˣϹ޼Ҳ̾һȷԼΪˣȥҲң˵ǿ԰ʲô
ˣһǽ״ӣһպķȥðգ̫ϧˡҲǹһЦİɣպǼپһȾƾˡ
֣ĻҾͲ˵ˣֻ˵һбء
ʱҲҡҡͷЩˣǴԼŸ縺ΣðգԵҲûа취顣
ûɽ׼ҪԵģɵǿߣҪǿԶޡʱҲɫص
ЦЦЩԤ֮УȻΣգվҪȥԡ
һģһͷǼλһ¡
ƴʱȴͻȻؿڵ
ֻʿŷƵɫҲԼز²⵽˷˵ʲôҲǵģ㲻ڵʱ䣬ûܹ֣ɣҲС
΢΢һЦ֣ܷģȻػһǲ˵ܹ½һμû˵Ҳ⡣
ôһоǰˡüô˵еĴʯҲˣ֧ʲô⣬ôȻǴһΣ֮УȻźȼˣɲ
ڣֻʵĿͷҲ赣̫࣬ټϻʸ˫Ļͷһػ壬ҷҲĴ㡣
Լгʲô⣬ôİһܹɳʱҲ赣̫ࡣ


2817 һһֻΪ
Ƶ˼ĺܵڵ壬һǿ߻ûгɳٸʱ䣬ʱ򼴱ĴڣҲ㹻ˡ
Ҫ֪֮Уɲֻ֮塣
УǾô˵ˣð֮ӭȢʸ˫ұضһݴ񣡡ֻҲǵ˵ͷ֪ƴʱƺҲǸû½ˡ
ûдҲûȥʦһˣһʱ䣬ν۽󿪣ȥ֮һˣȻպ̫࣬ҿɾͶˡϹ޼ҲһЦ
һбءҲǵ˵ͷ
Ǿʹ˰ݱɣ֮ٻᡣ
Ҳǻ˻֣ǴŻʸ˫뿪˵ǣֻʵȼҲ̻ص˸Ե֮С
統УƵߣŻʸ˫˲ǺżΪɣôȥˣܹһ
ʱ⣬Ƿƻǻʸ˫Ǹϧ
߶طҲǸ̾ܶǰոǽطǸʱ죬ˣǻԼ֮ܿܿΪƽһ
縺Σǧǿ֮оҲδӱ֮նվɱ䡣
㡭ΪִҪȥɽΣա
ʸ˫һֱŷƣĹͷ߱˼磬ȻԽԽио
ɵʥŮ죬ҹϵǳһΣҲһҡûʲôֱӵȫѳĹϵһ㡣
Ҿ֪ʸ˫ĵ̾һƺ㣬ԽˣֻһŮˣĿǰ֪ƵȷǲֹһŮˡ
Բ𡣡ʸ˫̬Ҳ̾һɫȫǸ⣬֪Իʸ˫ܲƽ˿˵ǣֻҪԸ⣬ȺʱǿԽһȻȴѡȥ˴ɽ
ɽط׼ҲûʮİգܹȫˣǡȻˣΪ˴죬ҲǱҪȥһˣ֪ͬΪȡܹӭȢʸ˫ϧȺΪС
һһֻΪգ첻ôҲǶڴ״ܲŲʡ
ʸ˫Ĭһ֮Ҳҡҡͷ¶һЦݣڡܹΪԼˣȥһУ֪ΣգҲҪȥ
ЦЦҲһӱʸ˫˶ӣҪԣܹױ˴롣
İɣ뿪ʱ䣬壬κġʸ˫֪ĵģ壬Ϊ֮
ţͷˣһҲʱ䣬Хžһ£Ͼ⺢̫ˣСʱ̫ࡣƵͷлʸ˫Ҳǳֶ⣬һкɵڡ
ҪҪȥɽôʸ˫ϸһҲʵ
ҡҡͷҾ͸һ˾ǣΪҵġ
˲ƽʸ˫Ĭһµ
֪ûа취Ҳ̾Ϣһ˾ʵ֮٣Щ֪ɽΣ֮ǲΣ÷ǰȥɽ
šʸ˫Ҳǹǵ˷Ƶ룬ҲǵһֻʱԼýڡ
ȥ˵ɡҲҡҡͷҪŪˣе㼬֣ϾҲܹ׾ٵͨԼľٶ²⣬²ⲻҪȥɽҲԼز²ⶼ϶ȥһЩΪΣյ顣
ʱѾŰ½֮ıԵֻ֮ҪȥˣǾǰ½
߰ɣǰǰ½΢΢һЦʱôãٴλص˰½ֻһͣʱ䣬վ̫죬ȻҪ磬Ȼȥɽ
ǰȥɽνǷһӣΪð֮£ΣҲûκΰա
ʸ˫˵ͷֱӵش˱ԵǻԼĪĹ򣬲𽥵ؿ
ңңؿһĸۡҲǸһĨЦݣؼ֮ʥѧûпʥѧѾǸܵǿϢ
ߺˣʥѧ򣬲壬ֹڣ
ȻʱӰȻرҲֱӵ˷ˣͷһȻλؽȴʥѧĻ¡
ѵ̫û嶼ûϳôеЦá


2818 
ʸ˫֮̿ǻصʥѧȴǱԼ˸ſڡ
һͷ֮ˣԣҲһɻһ˭̧ͷŷƵòǸоƵòԼһϤĸоҲ̲סвɣĪԼʶ
ϴһôӡ
ʱԱߣҲһϸΪ׵һ˸ɻ󣬾ȻҲĸоһﵽ˭
ⷬȻƣ·ƿЦãⶼʲô¡ú֪ǰǸЦ
ף԰ϴô㳡ķ۵ܺơ
ʱ˱ϳˣΪ׵һһ¶ŷƣԼʶĸоˡ
Լ쾭ʥѧĹ㳡һΪ۵֮ȻϤޱȣԽԽľȻ֮
ܣμۣ
£һΪ׵λҲоޱȣվԼǰõ֮ƣȻǼȴϲӴˡ
μۣ
£༸ҲǷӦ˹ֱӵصȹ£¿ɲˣȻԼҵ֮ϲ⡭һŭ˷ۣǾ군ˡ
ˣˣɡҡҡͷȻеƣҲǿԽ˿ʱʥѧΧɭϣôҲԸӵذȫ
Ϊ׵Ǹ˴ʱȴƺǵŸղԼϲƶ÷Ƽ
һĻƸǿЦæǷһС¶ѣ÷
÷˵˲һǲδһսûмʶƣ֮ڣʶľ÷Ӧòô˵ǵǲƺԼˡ
ˣǼæɡԼֱӻʥѧ֮ھͿˡҲǻ˻֣˵ؾʥѧһξ룬ҲЩԼȥ
ͷۡ
£⼸˱Ŀŷǰȥǲǳ׵һ
ϴǷôһӶûС
ǰǰ
Ϊ׵һԼ£Ҫڱ۷۴ˡ
˵У۾͵ͬǵһ֮ӲĻԻͣҪڵʱ
˵ϴҪҪ֪ͨˣ˵ۻˡһҲͻȻص
ԣϽ֪ͨģȻֳʲô۶ӣǿɾͶˡΪ׵ҲһεصóһʶһѶϢ
ʥѧֻҪ¼ѶϢôˣǿ˲俴
ʱʥѧ֮ڣȴǶȻؽܵһѶϢ۹һӾʥѧˣϢҲǺܿش˵ĿС
ǸСûˣ˵Ļ㱨ҲЦЦյƶҲǳЦСӣһȥȥһֻ࣬ˡ
ǵߣŷƹϢҲΪο
߰ɣȥһСӡҲվЦŵ
ʥѧһСŷХд裬ХƲϵؽţȻСȴÿһζܹɵػХƵĹơ
ܵܿҪӴ
Сα߶űЦƺХΪܵܣҲûдϾХƱҪС
ХûлشֻɫȴǼΪؾǿÿһεĹƱ⿪ȴûоʹ˷ǲϵѰܹεĻᡣ
ˣˣǵǸĹϵǻˡ
ȻʱһŮҲ𽥵һӰǳ䳡֮ڣڽֵˣȴ˲ֹͣˡ
Ȼߣֻʱؿġ
ף˵ǵˣ
ԣʱһһߣЦ
ţǵģХƣҲŹȥɡߵһЦҲƳһͷ󺹵ķХƵȥʰһͷ󺹵ġ
̣߰ʲôʰȥжɡХҲӺԣΪд裬Ȼһ졣
ҲǸһˣѵҪȥôЦ
ʲôҲˣ
Х˲ǱͻȻľϲˣʸ˫ȻǸŷһˣ⡭һӿϲ
ţǵģϽȥʰһ£һ׿ֻˡЦЦХÿжǺܿ̿࣬ΪҪԽԼĸףΪһĶصǿߡ
ãȥХƵ±ʮֵ˷ܣæܡ


2819 ̸
ȵƹʥѧ֮ʣȴǷһȺڵˣΪ׵ĺȻһɺգСκͷХơ
Хƿʸ˫ĳ֣Ȼ˫Ҳһʸ˫ۼ⣬ȿ˷ХƣҲǼӿ˽Ųֱӵ˹ȥϾԼ⣬ڻʸ˫ԣХƲΪҪ֮һ
Ժӣˡ
ʸ˫ǰĸӳĻʸ˫Ҳ̲סеϧصҲǵһ۷ƣƺԼҶڼҹĲá
ٺ١Ҳ΢εԣҲɨһˣһγӭģƺ˶ˣȣԼҵļ֪ʥѧļǰ
ȴǷ֣ƺһˣǱǺڻƺûг֡
ڻǰأҲǲɵǷˣҲʼص֪ΪΣڻһֱùޱȣżʹΣ˵ǽ
Ҳǲɵõ˵ͷҲûзУЦŵˣˣʲôʲôȥɡ
󣬷ƱǻǲɢôΧʥѧǰǿߣһˣȻҲǻصʥѧĵ֮С
ؽ֮ʥѧҲǸ̾תۼ䣬ѾǷôı仯ڵ壬۰½֮ϣҲԼسɾİ֮ףһȻҲǸŷƷֲϵ
ʱ䣬½ӦҲʲô°ɣ
ʵʵǰ½֮УҲǲҶ䶯ʲôֽţΨһҪľɣûв´Ļڰ½֮УҲ͸ӣֻԼ޷ֶѡ
˵ʱ򣬺ȴһۣĬһƬԼ÷Ʋ½Ҳǲжôƽ
ʵҲûʲôֻʱڰ½̵ķһЩ顣ҲʼһЩǿߣĲ
ŵϢʱ򣬷Ʋɵһ㶣ҲǼ׷ʵô£
Щǿߣ˷ֵʱ״ΪؿֱֲӵرȥֻѰҵõǵʬ壬࣬ƺǱɱǵ˸ˡ
ࣿüͷ˳˼У£ڰ½²򵥣ⱳǣһЩʲô飬Ƶʱ򲻽ǶӰ죬ͬ½ٶȱö
Ҳȥ׷ȴûаƶҡҡͷȻ¶ǶԣҲǱȽ⣬ȥ׷飬ȻҲ׷鲹κ
ˣ֮Ӧǲ뿪½˰ɣ
ƶҲǼһۻʸ˫еϣû뵽ƻľǰѻʸ˫˻Ȼ˵ͨǸϲġ
΢εԣ˵λٳȥһˡ
Ҫȥʱ߶ǿȥˣɵߵ;ܣҲܹܼ¡
Ǿǣ̫ˡСҲͷ
˼Ҳɼұǰȥ
ҪȥƶһۣҲǿŷʵ
ɽ
³ĸ֣ºƶɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻɽҲõǸоɵȻȴûвõģɶ˴ɽ֮һ¡
ɽȻҪȥǵȵطƶüͷȴûԤϵƴ˴λҪǰȥģȻǴɽ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǾֵص˵ǸʱƺɻûгְɣôǸطʲôɸ˵ô
˵ǸɣҲǺһҪľǣɽԲǱǰ򵥣ҺƶҪȥһˣջǱһĪ¡
ɫصص
ǸطΣôʱҲѯʵƵ񣬾𱸵ζôΣգܡ
ǸʱԣɽһȻ֮νɾͳ˰ɡƶʼ
֮ܶĽ飬ǲҪȥðգɲǿЦġ
Ǻ𣬻ƶ𣬴ʱһصضŷȰ˵ǸطǸҲһһĵط
һΣһҪȥҡҡͷҲ̾ҲǶ˵ȻðգǷȥɡ
һ˽ǳĬǵУ˭ڷƵԸʮֵ˽⣬ڷоˣǻ˵ʲôȻҲǸı䡣
ȻҸһȥ
ȻʱɶȴͻȻؿڵ÷ƾе⣬·Ҳҡҡͷû£һҶһǰȥͿˡ
ǡղ˵ɽԼһЩ飬Ҳȷʱʱǰļ䡣ɶһ£Ҳǵ
ԣһ㶣Ǹһͷѵɶаô
ĻɶȥһˣҲ޷ƶԱҲǵ˵ͷ
ȴǳΪǵɶݣаĻǰȥɽɾǵ
ѵʲôô
Ҳע⵽˷Ƶĳɫɵ¶һֵɫ˵ɶһȥĻҲ̫֡
ҲغһµƺҲˣƳһɶҲʵһֱǻɶ
ţĪ֪ƶͺһۣҲʵˣǰһʱ䣬˻ǣʲôɶ磬Īйϵ
֪ǰݣɶҲ΢صԼݣҲһֱɻκ޷ԼǰһУҲǶڷͶȥϣ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǲ²⣬ֻ˵пԡ
˭ǸɽйϵɣҲǳʵĻɶе㸡ˡ
ô˵ʼ򣬵ɶпܾа𣡡
仰֮ʣȴõò˶ֱӵʯԭأһ㵵ɫɶͬʲô˼飬ɶȻа
ǻʸ˫ʶ˺˼аͷȵκ˵Ƿǳɵһ֣ûܹȴһַ֮ȣ
а
㡭ûЦɣа𣿡ʸ˫ҲסˣеԽܡ
Ƶһ仰ɶԼҲŪͿˣʱ䣬Ҳ֪ˣ֯аҲһ˽⣬û뵽ԼȻа


2820 ̹
ѵʲôô
Ҳע⵽˷Ƶĳɫɵ¶һֵɫ˵ɶһȥĻҲ̫֡
ҲغһµƺҲˣƳһɶҲʵһֱǻɶ
ţĪ֪ƶͺһۣҲʵˣǰһʱ䣬˻ǣʲôɶ磬Īйϵ
֪ǰݣɶҲ΢صԼݣҲһֱɻκ޷ԼǰһУҲǶڷͶȥϣ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǲ²⣬ֻ˵пԡ
˭ǸɽйϵɣҲǳʵĻɶе㸡ˡ
ô˵ʼ򣬵ɶпܾа𣡡
仰֮ʣȴõò˶ֱӵʯԭأһ㵵ɫɶͬʲô˼飬ɶȻа
ǻʸ˫ʶ˺˼аͷȵκ˵Ƿǳɵһ֣ûܹȴһַ֮ȣ
а
㡭ûЦɣа𣿡ʸ˫ҲסˣеԽܡ
Ƶһ仰ɶԼҲŪͿˣʱ䣬Ҳ֪ˣ֯аҲһ˽⣬û뵽ԼȻа
ֻǻɣ޷ȷغһҲǿһɶ˵ҲΪʲôȥԭΪƺǲʲôһֱѰңϣҵҵа䡣
˼˵ǵɶƶҲһۣɻʵ
ǵġƵ˵ͷңһȥɽҲΪ˺ţɶȥĻ¡֮鷢
ԣҲ˳Ĭ֮Уȷͬ˵óȻɶͬһȥɽĻҲһЩ鷢ڷƶԣɾǴԼΣա
ȻҪѰһǰļ䣬һȥĻҲһİ취
£ƿɶҲǾãȥĻԣδе㲻ƽˣϾɶ״̬ʧȥ˼䣬ǡʱɶҲ˼ǵУ֪ξ
ʵǲа𣬶ûйϵΪģǰǣѾǸаûκιϵƶ𵭵ص
Ҳǵ˵ͷһȷɶ˵һУǸûκιϵǰа𣬵ѾܣֻɶôҲܻصǰа
һȥɽɣ˵ҲܹһЩڴɽ飬˵飬·Ҳǿڵɶ濴һЩȻҪԼһȥɽ
ɶȱ飬ȻҲǲþܾ
ţҲãɶһȥǵҲǷࡣΪ׵ŮҲһ۵
ãҾͬһȥɶƴӦˣҲǸһĨЦ⣬ܹӦȻò
ʲôʱ̣ʵ
ɣǾ̣̫ҲǸ취ϸһ֮ҲǸһʱ䡣
ǣ˴İΣ̫á
ɢ֮һҡ
ȻʱҲȻش˷ƣûõƲɵ΢΢һ㶣ɫȴûжı仯Ҳǵ˵ͷ
󣬷Ҳ˼һ֮󣬱ǸȥȻ֮󣬷ҲŮһ´һ֮󣬱ǳҹĻ֮ʣѰҵ˺
ںԱߣƶˣˣҲǵ˵ͷ
ôˣʲôҪôأеɻѵصƣƺǷʲôһ
Ҫ̸һºڻ¡𵭵ؿڵ
ţʲô飬㲻˵ȥôҲһز⡣
ʵʵǣ޷ƿصټӰǰѾʧˡƶ𲹳
͵ɫһ䣬Ժ֮Ҳƺ뵽ʲôе㾪㵵ص˵Щװڻйϵ
ô˵Ϊӽ֮˾Ǳˡ


2821 ħ
źĻƵɫһźڻйϵĻǾȻüֶˡ
ô£ҲüͷԴһνֱ֮ӵǰ磬Ҳûʱȥᣬ˵ǵһˡ
ĶңνŰ½طΣͷػһ嶼ǳǱ˽Ķ硣
зǱǽȥһΣ飬ʱƣƶûзϣʱúҲ΢΢һ
Ҳ֪ôݣǰӽ֮ҾԼزе㲻ԾҲ޷һЩʲôֱǰڻϢʧʥѧ
ƶҡҡͷȻı仯ûԸ⿴ϾźڻҲͬһǿߣҵڻҲ½һ
ѵûа˿ôʵ½ޱȣȻڻҪصĻҪѰҲʮֵѡ
ûа취ǰЩİû֮⣬ǵ״ʵΪֲȫͬʬһ㣬ǿκĺۼ
ǻز
غһҲǳǺڻĻ¾û򵥡
ţ뵽ʲôƶüͷҲŵ
ڽʲôǿɻǵã֮˵âٶ֮£Ҳǲ𣬵ڽ顣
ԣƶһۣҲǻһԺ֮еļȻҲǳ˳
ڵĽһĵãħƾն֣ȴʲô¶ûУɵؾ˽飬ȻȴǾëȻ
˵ƶ͵̧ͷŷƵЩħֵ˺ڻ֮У
ɫصص˵ͷҲԸţҲǲܣڻǸôˣȻǷǳ
ԣºڻԸ֮ı仯ΨһĽͣѾǺڻ
ǿͼԭһ¡ƳڽһĻǸܵ˷ǳǿϢпܾһħȻȴκηӡĴڣһֱ޷ͻơ
ȻһνңлܣջǲȻȴɵؽ˽
Ǽ˵УӦΪģǷХƣǸʱʲһ㣬Ȼǲö˵Ҳ۷Ĵڣ黤壬޾塣
ڻͲͬˣȻ𣬵ȴûǿһͷħҪѡһ˵Ļôɣڻѵѡû֮һ
Խ˵ԽľԼ˾һ亹˵ĻôڻԼһ仰ƺǻþ
һħȡһ˵壡ˣȻǺڻ
ģŵˣȴû˿ĲȻ֮£ƶҲغһֱеţԷȻħȴܹ˵Ƥ֮£֪˶ᣬҪΪʲôز
ĻҲǲûпܡ˼Ƭ̣ҲǲòϷƵ˵Ϊһ㣬Ȼ޷ͺڻͻȻ֮ת䡣
侲һ£Ҳҡҡͷ˵һУûȷеĶۣ֮磬ҵ㹻֤ݣҵ˺ڻĻûκ֤
úڻıˣѡȥƶȻ̧ͷʵ
ƶһӵ˳˼ǰħĻôջѡȥҪ֪ܹͨᣬɱιӡӶͻƽħ²ࡣ
οĻôͷħʵ²Ƿƿõġ
磡΢΢һԼ˫Ҳնصķӡ̹ã½Ĵڣԣûκô
ԵʲôĿĻô磬Ŀ꣡
磿
Ҳпܡ
ƶͺһۣҲǿ˸еأȥ磬ôֻҪһѪȷ磬һŪãǳ׵ص߸Ͱ½
΢΢ذ¿ڲˣǣ˽ħȻĿǰֻǻɣҲ㹻ĳԵء
ǿܹĴڣĴ伣Щħƿӡ˼䣬˭ܹ赲ǵĽŲ
±Ҫ֪ͨȺ廹ػһ塣
˼Ƭ֮󣬷ҲغһԣѾǳ󣬾޷ټȥ֪һģһͷħ֮󣬻ʲôĿġ
ķӡؽ⿪
һĻƶһͷðǲܹ֣Ļʱ˵ǰ½ˣҲǱס
ഫԷӡصĴڣȻһǾͷųԻһУ
Һƶһɡ
غһҲ֣ȻҲǲˣҪһеѺڻѰҳ
ǱħᣬȻǽԴϲĻһѣһһǰδеѣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻĻλ͸һǰȥɣȥɽ֮ǰһȺ塣
ƶһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ȻЩʱŰ½Ľ֮һΪѰӰȴǻس֮ƺҪͨж
磿ϣиɣνİ½ȻһûУֱ̫ʧˣ
Ӱص̲סǴһ亹̧ͷ¹ҫһŲ˺ɫĵӳֶ
һǻϳʱҪһֱѰҵĺڻ
ڵĺڻ¶Ǳһصĺɫ֣֮ȴ¶һַɱ¾ԼǱޱȵĺڰ֮һۣޱȵĵ
ȻʱȴֱӵزУ統У̺֮֮ĿֲϢϵĳ֣ȵͨ죬ĺţػһԯͷûܹ
ʥѧУźƶһ֮Ҳ뿪ˣȴƻصԼס֮ȴǷ˻ʸ˫ڵ
ôȥϢ


2822 ǰ
΢΢ذ¿ڲˣǣ˽ħȻĿǰֻǻɣҲ㹻ĳԵء
ǿܹĴڣĴ伣Щħƿӡ˼䣬˭ܹ赲ǵĽŲ
±Ҫ֪ͨȺ廹ػһ塣
˼Ƭ֮󣬷ҲغһԣѾǳ󣬾޷ټȥ֪һģһͷħ֮󣬻ʲôĿġ
ķӡؽ⿪
һĻƶһͷðǲܹ֣Ļʱ˵ǰ½ˣҲǱס
ഫԷӡصĴڣȻһǾͷųԻһУ
Һƶһɡ
غһҲ֣ȻҲǲˣҪһеѺڻѰҳ
ǱħᣬȻǽԴϲĻһѣһһǰδеѣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻĻλ͸һǰȥɣȥɽ֮ǰһȺ塣
ƶһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ȻЩʱŰ½Ľ֮һΪѰӰȴǻس֮ƺҪͨж
磿ϣиɣνİ½ȻһûУֱ̫ʧˣ
Ӱص̲סǴһ亹̧ͷ¹ҫһŲ˺ɫĵӳֶ
һǻϳʱҪһֱѰҵĺڻ
ڵĺڻ¶Ǳһصĺɫ֣֮ȴ¶һַɱ¾ԼǱޱȵĺڰ֮һۣޱȵĵ
ȻʱȴֱӵزУ統У̺֮֮ĿֲϢϵĳ֣ȵͨ죬ĺţػһԯͷûܹ
ʥѧУźƶһ֮Ҳ뿪ˣȴƻصԼס֮ȴǷ˻ʸ˫ڵ
ôȥϢ
ƿʸ˫ҲǸһĨЦ⣬ܹͻʸ˫һȻǸϧʱ⣬Ϊ֮ס
ʲô£
ʸ˫ҲƳһ۷ƣʵ
ƳĬһҲûʲôԶԻʸ˫ģϾҲԼ½һеġ
ڻпǱħˡ
ʸ˫ԣҲǶȻصɴ󣬳һ𾪣ǲ顣
ôܣҲ𼶱ģôħԶж᣿
ʸ˫𾪣ҲǺģһ֮ҲǺǵãûзʲô飬ȴǳôһĻ
ҲǻɶѡҡҡͷȻô˵Ҳǰ˾Ųʮˡ
ǽҪô죿ʸ˫ɫأΪȵʥŮȻǷǳ֮ڱӡһЩħɹ˷ǳµĻ
һЩħٶȳ˽Ǹ磬ǰ½޷Ļ
ڣֻǰ֪ͨȺ廹ػһǱߣھҪôǿǡƿЦ£Ҳûκεͷ
Ȼһȣ¸ߣʸ˫ĬһҲ
һκƶԸ硣Ҳҡҡͷǡ壬Ǹӵغһ㡣
Ϊźƶȥûʲô޷÷ƷģҲֻŻʸ˫ĻȻǸá
ţġʸ˫Ҳǵ˵ͷ˵ʲôԸΪˣǷƵĸôԣҲʮҪĶ
֮Ҳڵʱ䣬ͰˡغһҲǵԳʱ䣬Хƺúžһ𣬱Ͼһʱ̫ˡ
ţһġʸ˫˵ͷҲ¶һĨЦݣӦңһҪŻ
ƿʸ˫̬Ҳһ㶣ͷҴӦ㣬ͬӦ㣬һǹİ


2823 
ڶ죬ո֮ʣƾֱӵźƶ˻غһȻɶֱӵ뿪ʥѧǰ硣
Ϊһǰ磬ΪУһ·ϣƵҲû죬һУĬѣȻڵȵƵŰ½֮ȴǷһЩϲ顣
£ͣһ£йŹ֡
ȻڷƵԺ֮Уȴ¶СεڳѾõСΣͻȻسҲһ㶣ͣ
ţô£ǰˡʱҲɻصƶһۣ¶ɫ
ƺе㲻ԾӡƳҲǱ˫Ժ֮ȴСν
ô㷢ʲôƶСε쳣ӦҲǸоɻȻСζԣֵܹĵطӦòʲôѰ֮¡
ܡħϢҺǿң
СεΪأֱ֣ӵ˷Ƶļϣһ˫СۣͣɨܣƺѰʲô
ħ
ƶȻһû뵽СεķӦȻǲħϢҲԼ뵽ĪԼĳ
ţϢܿħϢӦһͷħʱӦòǳ졣СλصƺһֲѰı죬ԸӦһС
ôܹ˸ӦҲǳһ£ʵ
ħǸʱѾòˣֻһС֣ͨΪ˵ãǱܿڶǿߵ׷ɱǱӡ
Сҡҡͷ˸˵ʱħǸʱħﲢһ
һôܣǱӡħôһҲǻش
ҿļ䣬ڽЩħһЩֶζѣƾԼһЩʴ˻űɵĶǿеħ
ǣǸʸΪħģҲΪһĴڣҾļ䣬ƺֻڽһͷħһһͷǿޱȵħ
Сⷬͣ񲻶Ҳ²⣬Ͼʸ񱻷ӡ޷ĴڣһЩ֮һͷǿޱȵħȴʴ˺ڻ壬Ӷֱӵͨ˽ƣһǵûܹõѾ֤һͷħǿ֮
а취ѰҵͷħôƳʵа취ĻȻãƾͷʵػһԸһͷӷӡ֮߳ħӦò̫ѡ
ûа취һ㣬ұҪ㡣
СҡҡͷҲǿŷƵͷħΪöֶܳȥģҲʹţı岢û뿪ôһĻһκܳʱָܹӵʱܹҵȻһ¡
ȴָһ̶֮˵㱾ڽҲܹӷǳµ֮󣬷磬ܹ
СεһȴǺݺݵס˷ƣӵĺǣǱٴδ򿪣Ǹʱ򣬲ĩգ
Ϊܼ򵥣ڽ֮ڱӡħһ˷ӡûһܹӦˣǹĻŵػһͷʵҲǸ޷⡣
е㼬˰ƻҲ˫ɫøӵء
˵ʲôأɶƵɫͻȻôҲǹĵʵ
Ϣ
غһźƶһܹȷϣڻǱħˣڶһͷħǿ󣬶ҡѾȥ磡
÷˵ƶԭˣվû뵽ǵĲ²ʵƺԼ֮УΪУ
£һͷħѾǽĻҪѰǱøӵѣҲǴţŸˣϢز⵽Ķ֣
ô죿
ɫأ¿¡ǲ֪֣
ҪѰҵȻûȫָԪ֮ʣ׵նɱͻƽ¡ҡҡͷȻҪľҪѰҵڻҲһͷħȻʵԤϡ
Ҳأƶʵ
ǽǡĩգĩգķӡٴα򿪣ħٶȽһƬ䣡


2824 ٷ
£ŷƿ˵ģƶɫ쳣رüΪѿĻ˭ܹͷħ
ȱ˵ˣǵ˵ɣվףҲǵ¡ҡҡͷȻøسء
ƶ˵ͷ˶֮䣬ٶȸǿ࣬ǴӰ½Խ磬Ҳֱȶȥ
ȵĵǣ֮ǰһսǲ˵ķ̸֮Ƿƻ˹ھ֯ɳǿ٣ǲ˽̸
Ȼŷһ˵ٶȽ٣Ϊǰȫ̸·֮УǲûϢԵ֮ʣȴõò˶һ
۵¥֮УҲǶȻرϢȻߣͷȵһλϣҲǼʶ
λϣ鷳ͨһͨǰ
ƿλȵĳϣҲΪصϾһε飬ǣ٣Ȼֱӵͨá
λȵĳϿƴڣﱾе㲻ˬˣԼ𼶱ĴڣɵһȻѾʥŮδ򣬵ȵĹأҪߣɲͼ
仰ȻǳƵζȵ˵ǵʥŮȴҪ޸һ½֮ˣɾǲˬҲû취ƵΪ˸Һ
һЩϼĴھǲһˣǿɲŲ˭㲻ˬǲˬ
ԣɫҲȵˣɻһĸ߰ʱһ飬ûܹһô
Ϊ˵һССȵӣ˳֮λΪԼĿָʹһˣ
Ȼʱ򣬺ȴǵؿڵ̧ͷһǳϣҲЦŵȥͨ죡
һ仰˵նͬһ㣬Էκεķ
˭㣬֪˭ô
ȻʱһȵĳȻûбָֻŹҲֱӵ̧ͷһۺ𣬵ɫȻһ䣡
ôȷҶǲˣЦѣֱһȳϡ
ɡ
һȵĳϣȻҲǻعˣо㵳һ亹ȻˣЦأô
ƶ˵֣ͷһЩ϶ԣһĽɴڣΨоһˣ֪Ǻƶ˶Ƕô޵Ĵڡ
ھʹȥ
ȵһλϵҲһЦû뵽ǣһ۷ƣԼҲʲôܹͨıע⣬ⱳҲĹϵˡ
ˣͷȳϡ
£ƶҲǻص͵һţܵĿռǳֳһƬŤļ󣬶һӱ۵¥ǿʼˡ
ֱӵظµ󷨣Ȼ۵¥һЩ
ƶ𡭡飬ҴȥôһȳҲǿɥƣҪ۵¥
ò㡣
ƶһЦ˫ҲٶȽӡһܵĿռģһΪԾƬ֮ܵľóױˣһƬɽ֮С
Щȵ˰ˣô࣬ȴǸĲȸ߰
ƶҡҡͷȻ֮гԼʧ
ȥվûصͨҲǵģƾȵУȻʲôչ
ǣеؿһܣȴǶطоİǰһǻڵǣһôôһƬɽֵС
ȡƶЦЦŲҶ˵ǵһ󷨣ֱӵ
ԣҲ˹ɵЦͦġ
ǵǣ۵¥һЩ󷨣ǳҵ֣˵Ǵˣ˲ٵ۵¥Ҳǲԡƶ˷۵
߰ɣǿʱǧǷɣ𵭵Цһܣɫǵǰ㣬ֻڣ˷ˡ
ߣֱӺһ¾ˡƶʼҲֱӵضܵɽ֣ŭͨ죡
ֵĻþòϣɢƶΪҲһҪȶŪüɹĳ̶Ȱ
ȻƬ֮󣬱Ŷ


2825 
Ϊ˭󶯾Ҵȣԭǡ
һˬʵЦӰҲֱӵƿնΪ׵ĺȻͨȼˡ
ߣͨ죬һʱûӵǲС˰ûصȻǲܸɫڵȣʵ̫ʧˡ
ԭΪǰһ飬ȵڲõϴڿƺûжЧ
Ҫʱģ˵ϣܹæȴֲԸ⡣ͨȻ֪۵¥ҲҡҡͷЦһ֣²ɵİɡ
ͨǰͷ֪ͨһߣػһԯߣһˡʱΪصεȷǲ򵥡
ţʲô飿
÷˵ͨ˵ɫǱ࣬ƶһ֣Ԥϵ·ʲô飬ȴû뵽أǵҪһһ
ǣƲ˵ҪǰȥɽôĪķʲô飿
£ͨҲûκγɣֱӵͳһת͹â壬ֱӵ飬һ壬֮һֶصϵֻĳ֮£ŻǶã˼ѸٵظͨҲ˿ɺ˵⡣
Ͼƶǹ֮Ҳѡڰ½֮£Ȼ˶ǳôԲ²õһε飬Ƿǳأ
ԣҲ˿ԥֱӵ壬õúŻԯͷѸٵظϹ
֮Уͨע⵽ǸڷɶɵƳһۣɫе죬һĻȻҲ˺ҡҡͷʾͨҲҪʲôٶ
ƺǲʲôص飬ͨȻҲû˿Ц飬ֱӵذѺ˴֮ڣһĵط
ֻˣȴĹ֮УͨҲ̲סʵǷʲô飿
˷ۣ°ɣ˵
úⷬͨ첻ɵǿЦúûа취Ҳʵƣ㲻˵Ҫȥɽôôû
Ȼͨѯʷƣȴһֱ˷ߵɶϣɫɲƺʲô
ţҪģʱ£ֻ΢һ¡ҲЦЦע⵽ͨҲһ㶣Īͨϳɶ
˵һϲĳһ˼ҹŮʲôҲöˡ
ʱԱصˣµ˭ˣ
ͨúĻ֮üͷҲǳŷƣǡϢǲԡ
Ǿ͵ˣ²ǸˡȻҲͨʱҲӦò²⵽ɶݣаȵһᣬͨɻûΪߣҲûаֻǿòԲɡ
ԣͨҲǵ˵ͷȻ˵ǣȻ㲻ǣҲҰοֻǳƶѡ
ƺƶһۣҲЦЦͨȻǿЩߣǲ˵ȻҲûܹ֪ϾڵɶѾǸаûκΰϵ
ƶɶĹҲԼһЩ²⣬ȻаĳִˣѰ˵ط˳˯֮ȴ𽥵ʧȥһеļ䣬ǵ˺ԼҲûܹ
ٵ½ط꣬һΪ˾ȷƣɶϧǸ˸ΪصĴۣȴͨŤȻҲΪһ㣬ǰаѾǲٻġ
һĿǣҲ׵ǰаѾǳ׵ʧ֮䣬ģֻɶ
Ƿ۵ϣǻһЩϲǼаò֣֮ɵһȺˣȻǿԺ׵رϳɶǰа
Σɶɶааˣ
ӦҲǿ쵽ˡͨƬ̣һʱ䣬Ҳ
ǵ˵ɡûиɫͨ쿴һĻҲͨЦãҲû취յıְŵĻƺıߣҪôһ㡣
˵ĲǻôҪɿսˣǶԣŷǳİǵʱͨ컹ûġ


2826 
İɣҲ롣Ҳûص
ȻʱһϵȻشҲǴ˵ĶС
˵ʲôأԭҲڡ
һ۵ĲӰȻس˵ǰ·ƵҲϳˣȻԯߣ
ԯߡ
£Ҳǹ񣬱Ͼԯߣô˵ҲǰҵºƶҲ΢΢ͷʾ⡣
ôˣҲ磬ǽʲôɣԯЦȴû뵽ԼһϷԣȻʵķ¡
ĸǽ¡ҡҡͷɫҲǱࡣ
ʲôйأ
£ͨɫһ䣬û뵽ȻǸйأԯߵɫҲǱ࣬е̲סԼһˣѻ죬˵ʲô
ԣʲôĵҲνɵģǽʲô飬Ҫ֪Ҫô¶ûУҪôǾ¡
ˡ
ʱһӰҲǴȻǺţڳ֮󣬿˺ƶ֮ҲԵΪȡ
˶ˣʲô飬Ҳ˵ˡͨȻǸйϵôȻС¡
ɻؿһˣȻǲղ˵ʲô顣
һνңǼ˲ǶԽһôҲǳҲǰص
ûвʲô쳣Ҳֻǲת󷨶ѡεصǣڿƺǷһΪ¡
һͷħһ˽жᣬӶ˽
仰һͨȼɫ䣬ԤϵС£ȴû뵽Ȼ˵أ
˵Ҳ˲뵽࣬ͨ죬Ƿǳϴ˷֮⣬༸Ϊǲᣬôõһͷħжôǿ
ʵϣһҲûвֱһʧˣڰ½ҲǷ飬Ҳ𽥵ػɣƺѾȷˡ
ҡҡͷҲȷˣѾǽ統У
£ŷô˵˵ɫøӵѿûбӻϢˡ
ˣ𣿡
ҲʵĻǵȷǷǳУһ𶼿ԱᣬôһͷħȻҲһ˲õĴڣ磬ǿһѪȷ磬ǿ˵һĶң
ţ𾳣ܹ΢ĵǣƺ֮ı廹һԼϵ״̬֮£ȻҪͨһЩֶָΪ
ҲûйΣֱӵ̯˫ֵڣҪ취ѰҳײĻȻǸãһָԪôܹ⿪ķӡʱᷢʲô飬ҲܹԤϵõ
ʱͨȼһۣĵȴķӡ򿪣ʱ򡭡һƬ
ڽ汻ӡЩħÿһͷŷǷ˵óһͷħһԺյĴڣҲǿԶԸ˵ģ
һԼĪ߰˸ڣһӡȫƵĻôǵȺѾǲȥˡ
ΪҪ£һѰҳǸˣǼǿķӡ֮أԲκȥԯҲʶΣ˼Ƭ̣ǵóһۣΣĿǰӦ֮
Ǹ˵ĻҿԸǣʱ䣬æѰҡһ£Ҳǵķӡǿǵˡ
ͨһۣҲǵ˵ͷһε飬ȷǳأǵϣһǽǸ׵ѣ
غһŵȼ֪Ϣ֮֮ȫ𾪣ȻҲֻǾȥֹķϾһֱ֮أǲܹŰʧ
󣬺Ҳǽ˺ڻĻ񣬵ݸˣһΣǶöҪ׵ذ˸ҵĻ
Ǿˣлȥһ½顣ԯһۣҲûмżػȥǸԸһǲܹʲô顣
Ȼ¿ܲỹʲô鷢ǱҪǿһγȵǵ飬ǿǳ׵ˡ


2827 
£Ϊ̬أҲǾֱ뿪˴˵أƺֲ¹ؽˣϾǶԣǾԲܹκӵġ
ԯ֮ǰͣһ˷һµķģתŵ÷Ƹо㵡
˵һǰȥɽȻ޷ֹȥţҪʱ̣Ծһ
ԯڰ򽻸֮󣬱ǵȻתȥ·һȻؿе
ǼһⶼˣȷͦġʱҲע⵽˷е򣬵²ɵЦŵ
ʲôɣҲǾһ£ĿƺżΪѰĪǡʲô
ûмǴĻػһĶֶƶɣʹһΣ԰ֵһĹǸԯһĴڣɱ㡣
ƶҲԱ߽͵ŷƵ򣬶ػһǿ˵һӣֻܹ飬Ȼԯ߾Ȼǽһ㣬п֪Ҳʮֵؿء
ԣҲΪ㵣û뵽һ򣬾ȻͷһǷһ飬һǿߣһֻöɼĳ̶ˡ
ԯǰƺҸ⿴أҲ֪ΪΡҲӺԣе㲻ʵ
ӣ㵱ػһһγϣ峤ˡԱߵͨͻȻؿڵǰһֱǲȷԯͷڷƵ̬ȣȱĶǽ˷ƣ֪ԯͷǶôطƵġ
ңЦɣҶػһˣ˵峤ˣ㳤϶ܣæҡҡͷҲǸоõе㲻˼顣
ţ㲻Ǿѹ֡ͨһԴһۺƶ˵Ҳûиɣػһ壬֣ûضһ壬ӳϣԯԼǶ֮ܿܿѰԼļ̳ߣӶ̳ǵһУȻػһ̳ġ
Ⱥ岻һ㣬еĲѪĳϵԼ
ͨʼصҲˣػһŻһֱܹһȻĵλַҺ֮飬صõƻƽˣػһ˲Żǳ֡
ԣҲǻȻȥΪģȻ֮ѰԼļ̳ߣѪ֮ϵļ̳У⵹ǳƵϡ
ûػһ֣ԯߣȷ˼㵱̳Цֹǰȥɽ˼ƺһεĴɽΪһܹŻͻ㡣
·Ҳǻ˹ȴû̫νػһʲôģԣֻҪܹһֱʢȥˡ
̫࣬һԵȻͺá
Щ飬ǵܹŻ˵ɣһԯ߸򣬻һءҲһһǰȥɽ϶ٲһս
ļʣǷǳֵ֮Ļȷǿ÷һ
ţȷǣҲֻһλѣΣգҪպáҲǵ˵ͷٴŷƵ
ĬĬز˵ͷվɶһۣƺҪ׼뿪ȣ׼ǰɽȻȴǶȻͣתͷһۺˣʵѵ½֮ˣ޷Խһ䣬ɾ֮λô
Է⣬һӣǺ𣬻ƶͨ죬һʱ֮䶼ǳĬԣƺǲ֪ôش
˵½֮ˣȷûͻ֮λʷİ½֮ӣҲԹ֮λջںǰһĨٻҡ
Ҳ֪ǡĻԴν䡣
ʱȴǶȻ֮ҲǳһֶڷƵġ
ź㻰Ҳ̹һЦ˻֣תɶ뿪ȣӰһӱģ
ô˿϶ܹͻƾ磬ɾ𣿡ͨ˱½ƺ޷һ𾳵ǿߡ
磬޷ƿУοء𵭵Ц


2828 ɽ
źĻͨҲ˳Ĭһʱ֮䣬Ҳҡҡͷ޷ʲô
ûϴĻһУ»ҪѹǷܹԼͻƾ磬һٳɾ𣡡ƵصڷƵΪƺҲǼΪ
ȻƲ˵ҲԼز²⵽һЩ
ͻƲأͨʼʵ½֮ˣƺʹһ䣬Ȼȴ걻򣬵ǲţ½䡣
һĨٻ¡ƶҡҡͷ෴һǳɾǿ¾ǲ˰
ԣͨҲǵ˵ͷ½޷һ꣬һǷܹһ飬ôԶԣɱΪһʲôĴڣ˭Ҳ޷Ԥϵõ
𣿻ҪߵĲΣҲͨЩһֱڿ׷Ѱľ磬˵Ǹشõǰǣܹɾ
ʵϣ˵ģȷǷڴ飬ǾһǰɽͬʱҲѰͻĻᣬΪ֮Уӵؿǿ
ǿڰ½һǿԱһǧˣοǷ켶ĴڣڣٿԻԻ֮á
֮أǿҲһվϣʱǰȻҲ޷ֹ࡭ӳһ¶ѡ
˿赲վʱ䡣
һ֮󣬷ˣǸʱ壬˭縺Σ
ҡ飬Ҳǳֵʶ磬ܹ飬ʵޣΪͷѹš
ڵķ˵һ֣ҲֻǱӣû֣֮£֯Ĵڣδ֪Ľ֮ڵħһеһУѹڷƵУҰеϣǼȻЩͷϡ
ΪһǳҲ覣ʱ˵ҪˣһеǿԼܹɾĻͿŸǿܹű
һĻʲôɣҲûκεķ
ԣеҪøǿҪͻƳΪȻ֪ܲܣվҪǰȥһȻǰû˿Գɹԣ
ȥԣԶ֪ԼǷƵԸ㣬ƺĲʲôνڣţ˶ʤ죡
һεĴɽȻգǶԣͬҲһλᣬһΣ֮еĻᣬΨΣյĻ֮£˲ǿԱǱҲֻƲܹǿԼɱ䣡
ɽıߣ֮أ﷽Բʮụ̂һƬɽ޾Σգȴɵǿ֮⣬ҪԵǣԶޣһҲΪͷ۵Ĵڡ
ڴɽһֻ֪ͨһƤžһЩģĶƵͼһ㣬ҲûжʵԵĶ
뿪֮󣬷ɶ˱ݶУһ·ֱ֮ضȥΪ˱һЩҪ鷳ȻҲò
·Ĺ֮УҲһֱڳţܹ·ϷֱĺڻκΣ뿪ȵĵ죬ûκη֡
ǰӦþǼ֮ˣʱǾܹʼɽķΧˡ
ڰ֮мٷжҲǿһܣܵĻ仯ԼıϣҲ֪ԼѾ𽥵ؽӽ˼֮ء
磬ޱȣ֮أ̵Ĵڣ˵ǿ˴ɽĵطȵطȻѰҲʲô֮ĵط
ԣһеıϣҲֻпԼ
£ŵ죬ƵǲܵĻһӷ˼ı仯ǴԽʱһ㣬صԶʱ
Ĳ쳣ŨΪͬǵĿĵѾǵˡ
΢΢̧ͷҲЦŶɶɽ湻ԶģҪãȳȫٸ·죬ɽ⼸ǺС硣
ǵˣҲŲڻӭǡ
£ɶһ˫ȴ𽥵ظЩɫʼɨһܣƺʲôһ㡣


2829 ֮ͣ
ԣƵɫҲ΢΢࣬ӴʶɨӶܣ±Ƿ֣ԼڵĵطĴڡ
ƺԼɶˣڿɽ֮󣬱ѾɽĽƣ´ʱѾ֪ǵĵ
ݣ
ȻƬ֮󣬷ɶ˼ǰߣû֮߳Զƿɶֱͣٶ£¶˽ɫ
ڴɽ̺֮أ֮ˣֻʲôࣿ˵ûɵĴڡ
Ϣ֮۵ӰȻƿնֱӵͣ˷ɶ˵ǰڰ֮У¶һָӵ̬ŷƵȡ
ﲻĵط뿪ɡ
Ϊ׵һˣصǼɵɶԼ¶Ϣֺϻֱӵس־͵ظɱҲǵһˡ
ǣһȻǰķɶϢز¶Ϊ˽ҲûóȻض֣Ǿ
ƳĬɨӶ⼸ˣźǣ⼸ϵۣȴûκεĴ壬ɵķģԴǵݡ
ϸһҲǣɽһֱ̺ѡΪϳҲǲԸⱻѰҵõˣȻǲܱ¶Եݡ
ǺεˣȻǣ
£Ҳûб¶Լݣ෴һʵѯʣôɵ֪˴ɽ
˭ᣬطǶҪľ˵ִѰ˼Ҳ㡣
Ϊ׵һҲǺһȭͷջûѡ֣ΪƼݸıòǵȰϢȴǼɵѣοԱߵɶһֱǳĬȴܹһּΪѹȵĸо
֮£ѡ֣ðգΪ׵ǸˣҲ֮ⷬ£ƻҪִɽôȻ˵
ǼֻΪΧĻ֮ɫһЩѰ˻ԶԸǻˣˣ˶֡
ȵȣǰѻ˵ߣ
£ƿ˶Է֮⣬ҲŭһȻؿ粽Ҫȳֱ֣ӵץסһˣܴܲĿе֪һЩϢϾڶڴɽ˽⣬ʵ̫ˡ
ǳϵǣֵһ˲䣬Ǽ˵ӰȻر÷ƵĹˣһĻı仯õ÷еز
ȻִҪѰҲ㣬Ϊ֮
Ϊ׵һˣȻ¶һЦݣҲļˣֱӵԭʧˣǳ׵ʧˣϢ޷Ѱҡ
ô£ǡ
ƾȵػͷһɶҲһز⣬ոն漸һ˲伯ʧôҲûиоõκοռĲ
ĽƣǴˡ
ɶ΢΢رһ˫ҲǻصղǼֱ֮ӵʧǸ˵صĽйϵĻ漸ˣǿĲôϢǰߡ
ϧˣסһء
ҡҡͷ¶һϧɫղһĻȷеϧˡ
ǾͲˣûѡǶ֣֪У룬»ָǿߡ
ɶҲɨһܣطԼظһϤĸоƺ̤ɽһ̿ʼڲ
ţûнƵĵط
Ƴ˼Ƭ̣Ҳһ취ǽ˴ɽҪܿĽƼأƷ֣ƺЩƣɵˣ֪Լںεȵķλ
һĻδǻԼ뱻֮С
ûв´ĻЩнƵ˵Ϊȫģһ뿪ЩǿܻһЩԶޡɶشнƵĴڣӦû԰ȫ㣬벻ޡ
ԸһЩֵԶޣҲʱ̱šЦЦԶ޵Ļɶ˵ʵȻҲǲ顣
ţȻĻǾͶܿЩưɡɶҲǵ˵ͷ°ʶɢʼѰҽƱ֮
Ψ뿪һƬ̺ƵĵطǲŲʱܵɵļأһ޷׽ǵ٣ҪԸǣҲΪ
ɶ˿Ժɵؾǿʼ𽥵ԶЩƣӶǽ˴ɽ


2830 Ѱ
û뵽ǣɶһΪȷһЩ˵ļ֮С
ڴɽһصĵطһĶѨ֮Уܶͨ͸ľʯǽڣʮУǣЩʯǽ֮Уȴʾţɽ龰
Уһǣ¶ĺȻǷɶˣ
ʱǰҲǶȻسⶴѨУǸΪ׵İɫ۷Ҳǳ֮󣬱ʵǼѡô
ţûڡƺƫǽĵطһҲǻش
ͳ죬ǸղΪβ֣˾͵ػɱˣǰɫ۷Ҳһ˲ʵղǸ֮£磬ӦֱӳˣǾȥ
㶮ʲôΪҵȿԶԸĴڣóȻĶ֣ԿĲǡɫ۷ߵȻˣǼ룬棬һòǲġ
ǾȻͷһ
һҲǾصҪ֪ǵУһǿǶĴڣóһ磬Ҳһ
ߣˣŪþͷҪעģãͨɣѾǿԴġͳҲƵص
ͳ죬ʧڽƵˡ
һͻȻصȻܵľʯǽڣҲǳ׵ʧȥ˷ɶ˵ټ
ţ
ͳҲüͷһܾʯǽֳĻ棬ȷû˷ƵӰҲЦǲѰ·ѣûнƵĵطɽǼΪգһǣҲǲҴ
ǡǻҪ֪ͨͷô
һ˳һʵ
ԣͳҲ˳˼Уɽգʮֵ𾳵ĴˣҲδ㹻İܹ߳ȥ
ȲһڽƵ֪ͨңûеĻǾطΪЩ޸еʳգͳҲûмƵˡ
ΪΪȻǵȷǵļأҲǰԼһΣյĵطɽУŸֿޱȵԶޣһȻҲǳԲ
ʱɶһξ֮ҲǸоҲûнƵڣҲǲɵһϾʱ޿̼ӵĸоȷǲôá
𣡡
Ȼڷɶ˸ûԶŵǰһŭȻĳ޵ŭ
⡭ʵ
Ƹһ£ҲͨŭԼؿԷֱǰʲôΪҲһΪµĴڡ
ߣȥǰ濴ƺڽд򶷡ɶ΢΢ظӦһҲǵ֪ΪΣڽ˴ɽ֮˶Ȼؾࡣ
Ƶ˵ͷ˱Ѹٵǰܶȥ֮У˵ϢһֱȻ𾳣Ҳ޷õ˵ǰС
Ȼµ˻ûпǰʲô֮ʣǸܵľϢȻϵϯȻĸʱҲǲòͣٶ½Ų
ӦǼˣǰĻ¾ͻᱻͷҲɫصصϢޣ¶ǼΪؿ¡
ڵĵطɾһʯڣ·˿ƾʯԼΣҲſʯ֮ϣֱӵؾ¶һԴǰ
ʱǵǰһƬϿȣȻʱƬϿȴʱȴһǽ壬ӴӰڲϵؽһÿһεײǿݡ
һĻҲ̲סһͷޣһͷǳ״ȴԴһһβμΪӴһͷһͷ˫ͻѪȵ쳣ĺ
˫ͷ
ɶȻؽƺҲǱһ޵֮вɵЩȡ
һͷӦþ˫ħһɶܹŶĴڰ
Ȼɶʮֵز죬û뵽ⶼܹȿµޣɽȻ֮
ͷһкܴôƲɵƫͷʵ
磬û޵ĳֹҲɽܹˣ˫ͷ˫ħǼΪ£ңҲֻӦһɶɫصص
ͷ͵ޣ˵ˣƵɫҲǱ


2831 
ͷԶޣ缸ǲѰģΨǴɽ̺֮أܹǳôһͷ
ʱභΪ˱鷳Ȼǲ׵ϾһͷתͷԸǣ⵹ҲһΪͷ۵顣
ڴɽǵһͷԶ޲ҪǣһȺޣǿɾˣڴɽûޣûһͷǼ֮
ΪʲôҪأƴʱȴͻȻʵͷ޶ڴɽ˵ӦǲóȻභ
Ͼڴɽޣֵޣкֻܶ࣬ôһͷˣޣҲʮֵҪԭǲԵ޷
֪Ҫôǵ̣ҪôᶫɶʼҲӵǻ۵ģԼĵ򿴵üΪأԵǲ޳Լĵ̣һֿܾǣͷ޶ǷһЩӶᡣ
ƻȻص˵ͷɨӶһƬɽȣпܾںˣһƬɽ֮Уʲôֵͷƽ
ʱͷ޵ڼ˫ͷ˫ħѣһʱ֮䣬ҲԷֳʤ֮ĶǰһƬɽȶƷһ㡣
бܿɣŪã»޳ûʱǾͻǺ鷳ɶʱԱѵڵλãȷǿϢͷ޲
ǣ޶ĶŪҲ̫һ㣬ǹ˶ãͻ޸ʱȫˣͲ֮ˡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲд⣬Ȼ뿪ƹͷ޵ĶȻʱ򣬷ͻȻؾŵһζ
ζĳ֣ڵѪҲǷԼһʧصļ󣬵·ƴһæ£ǿеѹڵϢ
ʲô£ɶ˷ģҲǾ㵵ʵΪڷʲôʡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƲǿаԼڵϢѹȥ˫Ӷ˼£ŵô
ŵʲôɶһز⣬ƺǲ׷ʲô
ζͻȻֵζղҵѪȻطζйϵԼıӵڣǿŵһֵζ
ûУûŵɶҲüʵϣȷûŵκζ
ţô£ô˵ҲǳܣڻܹŵζȻɶȴ˵ûŵ
ȵȣҹ۲һ¡ҲǸʺţζǴģΪʲôֻܹŵõɶȴûаֱ
ɶˣҲʼ򣬵Ҳ÷Ѱ
һѰ֮󣬷Ƶ߶ȻͷභһƬɽȣζǴһ򴫹ҲһƬ㵣ô£
ʱҲɨӶһƬɽȣͼҳѰĵط룬ͷභԭҲζѲ˸ϵ
ܿģƱǷ˲ԾĵطͷһֱභȻȴһĻǳع죬мһȴһֱδܵƻ
ͨƵĹ۲죬ͷභʱƺǿԵԼԶһƬ
йŹ֣ƵҲָһƬȻȴǷˣһƬ棬һ΢΢˸ŹâĻҡҷѡ
˿ûܵӰõҲ÷עĵط
ףǶ仨ݵȷеŹ֡ʱɶҲüͷ˲ԾĵطۿãǻصĪǡݣ
ݣԣҲһ£Ǵû˵ֶ֣ƺһֺ˲õҩݡ
ҿһţȷǾݡɶҲǱϳˣȷص
󣬷ҲǷˣݵ֮ĲݾϣһƬҶӣȻƬҶ֮УٶƬҶӣǸպþƬҶӡ
ݺܶôҲӺԵ
ţݣԴ޵ǺεˣֻҪһƬҶӣͻ̸ԭһκθãھһȻƬҶӣǹؼʱ̣ԼŴΣǾݵɶҲǻص
ѹ֣ͷ˶Ϊݡǰһص


2832 
ţˣ⻹ȫľݣȫ֮ʣɢһЩصζӶһЩޣǿȥɼɶ˵ͷ
ΪŲƴʱеɻ󷴶Ƕ˵ܹŵɢζôɶȻҲܹŵõ㣬ԼŵȻɶȴûа
Ҳ̫ȷϵǣǾɡɶʼеɣҲǺǰȷǣҩݣǴ˵֮еľݡ
·ƵɫǲɵúٺһЦݣЧƺֵ֣ܹݣպһЩΣʱҲǿ㹻Ա֮
㲻Ҫİɣ
ɶ˷¶ĹŹЦݣҲǲһ˿ߣȻܹ²õʲô
ٺ٣ݿһöܹõֵĻһЦ֮Ҳ˸˷ܵâɲһ㶫˾ݣǶ˾
ɶһͲ²õǶˣǵҪȡݣǵڻڶʳһͷޣеѶȣԼգ֪ˡ
ҽ顭ɶڣҪͷȻո˵ڵʱ򣬷ȴҡҡͷһεĴɽҪԵΣգ޷Ԥϣžֶࡣ
ɶһʱ֪ʲôƣΪһֱ˵ʲôᷴԣһη˵ģȷҲʵڴɽ֮УžֶĻȷܹȥļʺܴ
ǡͷභƼûаܹȡݣһͷ˲ؼ𵽷Ƶϡ
ʱͻʧȥƣͷޣ˭Ҳֵˡ
ڳ˼Ƭ֮ҲǻصɣҲðᣬ֮
ɶԣɵ̧ͷ¶ɻɫ֮ʲôƻ
ͷڿȥȻǴѽѷ֣ձȻһʧܣһҪʤҲǵøΪصĴۡ
ͷභ֮ٳ֣㿴ΣƺٺһЦɾú֮ˣûκðյĳɷ֣ΪһͷޱȻǱһͷɱһͷޣҲ̫ᣬǵȵزƺɶ֣ȻǿԺɵնɱӶȡݡ
ĻǿԿǡ
ɶ˷ƵļƻҲ΢΢˼һȷǲҪðգǸļƻ
ǾˣȲżߣͷһˣٳ֡ƺٺһЦ˫֮Ҳ˷֮ɫݵֵĻԼҲŶһİܹųȥɽˡ
ʱһƬɽȣͷ޵ĶǼΪؿ£һʱ֮䣬ǲֳܾʤʱභʱ𽥵һͷ˫ͷѾ𽥵¶֧
һĻȻҲǱע⵽ҲֻҪһͷһͷ޳˵ô֮
ʱĹȥ˫ͷҲ¶˰Ȼ˫ħʱҲǺòȥȴԽԽֱͣӵؿʼѹ˫ͷ
գ˫ħڸһѪܵ˿֮ҧ˫ͷΪһʤߣ˫ͷɱˣȻ˫ͷħʱҲǺòȥ
һֲƣȴǼΪΣգΪ˫ͷ̺綾ȥǵò˫ͷĺˡ
ʱ˫ħǾ֮ϣҪȥƣֻҪ˾ݣȬκε
һĻǰȻһʱȻǳֵʱ˫ħȻ뵽ԱߣһѾõķƣ
Ȼڷ׼Ҫֵʱȴٶȷ䣬һƿֱӵشһӰһּΪѸ͵ٶȣֱӵغݵ˫ħ
䣡
һ죬ֻһͷ˫ħӰ֮£ֱӵӶǱըѪģһҲǳ׵޷ٿ˾ݣ
һȱʣɶȻһֱۣӵͣٶûаԭȵļƻ߳Ǽ־䣬ǷһЩԤ֮顣


2833 
һɫӰӣʵһƻȻһֱӵõ˫ħǶϾ
ԭʹ֮µ˫ħʱҲǸûл֮žݵľ룬֮ңҲֻؿžݣ޷ҩݡ
𣡡
ȻʱһŭȻƿմһ޴ĳӰƿնƬ̱ǳ˫ħϷһʮ׵һ㣬ȫȴǳֺɫȥͲ²õ²ʲôࡣ
ԣ
ɶ΢΢ſС죬ȵĵϳһ޵ΣȻҲһͷСޣ³˷ƵϣȻԱߣһͷһĴ㣬Ǿ֮
̸ܰ޵̣ôŵˡ
ƿҲǴֵصǸղһ֣ٵǼΪϾˣҪһͷȫʢ״̬Զް
ȱż䡣ɶҲüͷûһͷԵĻҲлֱӵضȡ˾ݣò˵ҲʮֵشǱȷƵ˻Ҫˡ
˫ͷ˫ħҲǱޣһͷڳ֮󣬷ŭһĮƳһǻûȫڵ˫ħ
꣡
һ죬ֱӵؾһצӰ˫ħԴֱӵ飬׵ضϾһ֮ԲǽǾ֮ϡ
ԺؿʱԣҲ¶һȵɫǾݣɵҪȥΪУȴǱùһˡ
ԼǿݾǰֿɵãҲǽޱȣͣɨһܣҪͼһ£⸽Ƿļһһ֮
ٶɶҲһۣϢԸǷֲˣƬ֮Ҳûзʲô¶һ顣
֮£ҲǽúܣܣɫһӣЩ𽥵شչܿγһС
棬ķɶǺܿͿ浽ʲôΪǺɫ𽥵رŨȫذס
⣬Ǽһݣֱӵؽˣɶʲôһ㣬Ȼرɫ
ţֱӵɾݣɫҲ΢΢ط˱仯Ļֱӵ˾ݣɾеϧ˰
ûҪݵҩɱ䣡ɶüԣǲһ㣬ͿԳΪһĴڣҲǴ˵֮еĻ֮䡣
ݸĻпɱΪ
ɶĻõ÷˳˼һλᣬҲͬǰżķգԼ״̬ģ˳֣ҲǺķһܹǽɱÿǣǶֵĹ֮УǷޣ
Ǵɽ˭Ҳһ̻᲻ǳһͷԶޡ
Ƴһ֮ƬҲغһɨһܣҳ֣ӦǿԾ͵ظɱһͷԡ
ðգɶɵüͷĻȷ̫ðգΪ֮УܴļޣǸʱ򣬷ƺͻһʮΣյľ档
һͷԣ֣ҲΪټһͷ޵ĻǿɾĲ֪Ҫôˡ
Ҿÿһ£Ҳ̽һܷԲӦҲ޳ûĻҲʹѡɾݡ
ɶŷƵķ֮һ£Ҳǵ˵ͷҲǵ˵ͷƾҪ飬ôҲֻͬ
ңµȷͬ˵һ㣬ʱ֮ڣⷽԲǳޣǿԳʱΣԳ׵ػɱ
ȻѸٵذѾݶȡ֣뿪һƬ
ȻˣǾͶְɡ
ҲǳȻ̧ͷһźʱϵطţ𽥵ӴС
˱һۣ˲伲ɣֱӵسɽ֮УȻ˵ĳ֣ԺȻҲ˷ӦºɫһĽһͷ­¶˳
һ˫޴עŷɶŭھˡ


2834 ս
ȻɶһۣҡҡͷȫûаεвУֱӵ֣
ڶ˵ʱǼΪҪģǿѸٵԸɱˣܹķɶ֮ϣȴǼΪĬ
һһң˱ּл˹ȥĻ֮˾ɫâͬǿ֮׹Ǻһ㣬ƵĹƣʮ֮ûиԷӦء
ȻɶʱҲǲʾ˫ֲϵػţ͵âһһƣ֮ϣâȻͣȥû̫вʵϣԶԣɶвڷƣ
䣡
һ죬ѾȵؽĹƣԵϣȻڹƷһ˲䣬ȴǸоһ޻֮ϣġ
ʵϣżǿĻ֮ɫâȴֱӵش͸һ㼫ΪŨĺɫӲػԣ
ƵĹǿȻҲϲģȴӦ֮ʣΪʱ̺֮ǴֱӵըҲǷͳĺ
Ȼ⻹ûнɶһֳɾͽֱָӵرǰѽ֮еâرһʵʽ
ݣ
һƿȻ˲䣬ЩֱӵɢܵĺɫһӣԵ¶˳
Ѿˣ
ۼ⣬±ǿԵλʱҲ𽥵Ѫ͸ȻЩطӦþǷԼǴ֮γɵ˿ڡ
ɶ˵ͷǼһһ͵âûĽ˲䱬
ҲǴһһ˫޴֮Ҳǳž֣֣ƺǰȻ˿ֲԶޣΪ֮ˣ
ΪѾǳƣȻǲӲɶһι췢һŭ𣬺ɫüΪϵŤͼǽжɶĹ
ȻɶЩûĽȴĶôضܣվ޷ϵ𽥵࣬ǿȫģľ˾ݣ
սپޣɶҲһֲϵر仯ţһһΪ׳âûɽƶȻøΪͣ
Ʋźۼĵ˵ͷغһ͵һ̤ţ˵ͬһڵ㣬Ѹٵرûжÿռ䷨򣬶ԼóͬʱҲƻֶΣ

ֽճȭɫâֱӵس嵽Ӵ֮ϣֱӵؾȭߣÿһȭ£ɶ̺żΪµǴ֮
Բϵط˲ҽеӲرƸһ٣֮⣬ɶǼΪµĽҲǾԵ֮ϡ
ѪҺϺɣЩƬѪҺһ𽦷ɶھڳ˵ļлûл֮
ɶҲǿһ㣬²޼ɵؽйΪʶԿ϶ǲʹ˸ĵطݣɶҪ׽ᣬӶֱӵػɱԣ
ޣվޣӵǻۣȻ޷ȣھ˵һ֮ʶƺôȥͻΣգȻͬʱ᲻Ѿֵľݣ
ʱ˵ޣҲˣ̰ɱеһУڷžʱطݣӶǺͷƽз治ȵز
ڣƺΪʱˣʱҪǷɶǸֻᣬ˵ĹƱøΪһ±һ֣
ܿ죬Ի˺ֱۣʱǷѾõֵľݣӶҪ뿪µࡣ
ߣޣɽҪôҪôɶҲһҪܵԣлûĽǷһģֱӵطס·
Ƶ˵ͷٶеǴ֮øΪ񱩣һΣǴ߶ɹ˿ֱӵıתȻһȭ֮£ɽȶ˲һ
˹֮£ȻûаĿԣֱӵرһȭֱӵغͷ­
ıս𼶱ǿ߽ӽ֮ôֵܹһȭҲΪԼ̰˴ۡ


2835 ȡ
ڳ׵նɱһͷ֮󣬷ɶҲǳ׵һͷ޴Ϊ̰ϷſõֵľݣҲǱذôˡ
Ȼǻۣվǲ
ҡҡͷЦҲǽһƬľ֮ϣҲЦЦǾݣͬʱֱӿԽӴʬ壬ֱӵ֮ϡ
ǰΪҪֱӵɣʱؿ滹ЩɫϢЩԵϢûж˵ʲôֱӵᵯ֣ЩϢسȥ
ݣҪ
еؿһݣдŶߣһĪػţ޷ֱӵؽֱӵȡߡ
ݵҲһֱӵؽݰγþݣֱӵ׵ػһĨ
ɶҲǳֹ˷ҪֱӵؽһֱӵذγʱԶȴǶȻشһ޴ŭ
ޣ
·Ʊɫ䣬͵̧ͷʶ֮УǿϢѸٵؽӽ
ûһɣһԼĪǿϢǴţ⼸һͷǿޣ
ߣ
·ûκγɣбѾ⣬ʱߵĻǵҪͷҵĿޣɶԣûκοԡ
ô죿ɶҲüͷôˣҲܾܲˡ
ֱߣһһ
ӶȻҲһĨɫҲֻȻĻ͵ǽ͸ˣ϶ǲ⡣
ô
ɶҲһɣľٶɾԷ٣Ϊƺˣݶ޶ԣһѡĻǽһΪΣյľ֮У
û취ˣɡ
£ʮΣҲԲôˣֱӵؾһѾһƬ˼ɣһس˳ȥɶȻǽ
£˶ֱӵԶطȻѾǳϢĻǵŭ
Ȼڷɶ뿪ƬɽȲƬ֮󣬴رǶȻֱӵزȻڼǰϢӴӰֱӵسɽ֮С
ЩӰ̬ޣÿһͷײޱȣɨһɽ֮󣬷ǵѪ֮еͷʬ壬һҲŭһֱӵȥɵʬ塣
漫ΪѪȣëȻӴʬ壬Ȼڶ̶Ƭ֮䣬ǱЩ޸ɸɸɾһ˿Ѫû
һ֮һֵۣĺһͷı΢΢ضһ£ǳĳŭһ
Ǹ򣬺ȻǷȥķ
༸ͷһ˲ĳֹʶһ㣬ٴεرڹȥƺҪ׷ѰŷƵˣ
ɶʱѾǼǰ̶Ƭ̣Ѿ뿪ɽԼĪʮľ룬Ȼû÷һٶǴ˾˵ŭ
⣬ЩȻ׷Źˣ
·ɫһ䣬üΪȻһеľݣû뵽ȻǰЩ޸˹
ݰɣ
ɶҲһĨ֮ɫΪ׵ļƻǶݣһȻǿ԰Щ޵׷
ƺ޷ˡ
ʱҲ΢΢̧ͷ¶һĨЦɶһ㶣ڸ·Ĺ֮У˷ƵϣȻɫҲ͵һ䡣
ʱȫһƬȴ˷Ƶ֮У⿴ȥǷݣǾѡ˷ƣ
⡭Լ͵֮ڣҸ޷ˡһЦصԼԤϣݣҲǸˡ
⡭ô£ɶҲһĲ⣬е£ƺ׽
ϢԽԽӽŭҲе˶Ĥۡ
ɫһãҲǳһ£ҧֱӵһֱֻ֣ӵһʶӡǣֱӵضɶ
ҵʶӡǣҲǳֿߣĻȻ޷Щޣ
УһˣɣŷƵĻɶҲ͵ҡͷҪƣ
ΪҵģЩɱңһݣЩȻҲҲң


2836 
ҲţΪµȻǲɶԼһֻǰõļƻǣɶֿ
һĻôƾͿԶһЩޣûκǣңҲܹ֤ɶİȫ
ϢԽԽ磬Ҳûж˵ʲôֻرסɶĶͷһ£ǶȻתһжȥ
ɶ˫Լ̺âҲ֪ΪãŷԶȥıӰҲҧתŷƽȻͬķȥ
ţ๫ǧҪʲô¡
ɶڼеʱҲĬţ˳ʲô⣬ôⱲӣﶼȴ
ʱڷƵĶȻת֪֮ԼȥٶһֱδͣҲǲͣϢƺԽԽǿˣ֮£Եͣǵ
·ƵͷһԼеľݣȴǸһĨЦ֮еľݣڽӴ֮ȴǲ֪ؿʼȻûԼ֮У
һĻȥΪˣǷȴܹظоõݣƺԼ嵱У
ڱ÷ݣҲ֪Ҫʱã·Ҳֻţݶ޶ԣһɢεζӶ׷Ѱ
£ţȵȫԼ֮еʱ򣬾ܹ׵ڸסɢζʱЩҪ˼׷ѰԼĻҲˡ
ǣȴһ£ڵĴɽûκģеķǴɽⲻ֪ڼбܵḶ́Ϊɢζȴͬһʱ䣬ޣ
ңͷ޾ͺħһ㣬׷ŷڵķѾǳǱ򣬽޵С
֮£ȻͻһƬ޷˲ŭЩҲŵ˾ζ֮ҲǷһ㣬ֱӵؼ׷ѰƵĶ鵱У
£ûãƵ󣬾Ѿǳʮͷ͸죬Ҿ޴ޱȵޣÿһͷޱȣǵΨһĿ꣬׷Ѱŷƣ
ƴʱҲʶΣգƺԽԽˣǲһͷֻӲһԼٶȷӵ˼£
ҿǣЩ޵ٶȱȲϷƣȻΪϡ
һԼĪǰʱȥˣɽǳ׵ŭ𲻶ϣӲϵĲԴɽڲͬͷ뱼һ㡣
ʵϣھ׷𣬷ޣѾǴļͷչ˼ʮͷƿֲǽ׷ŷƲţиǳһЩ͵ޣ÷ƵѹȻرø࣡
ЩޣǾôȵèһ׷ʮǧˣҲ︹ţ⾭ĸ·Ҳǲ֪Լηֻ֪ԼƺԽԽ࣬ԼһЩϢΪ޵޳ˣǵٶҲ޿ϲ٣Ƿ˼ǰ֮ʣҲһֱŷƵӰ
Σյѹ֮£ƿνǳ׵ذԼǱֶÿռ˲ƣڴɽƺǼΪزȶھεʧ֮ǿ˲ʮģȴƫƫֻ׵ľ룬һεڽѹƣ֮ҲǷ˿ռ䷨뷨ֻǹԹԵؼǰ
һ˿ǲӣһǱһͷ׷ϣԼ³֪ˡ
ٶǵͷƳһԼؿڳľݣʱݴ֮ҲǾûԼ֮У̿ȥΪ죬Ƿȴһʹоһо˵Ȼ
»Ҫʱ䰡ҲεصվںϵٶȣƺҪг׵ںϵԼ棬Ҫʱ䡣
Ҳ˵ڽĴ棬ƿ»Ǳؼţ֮У»ǽ
Լ޷󣬵󣬸ԼޣǷǰɽ޶ò˵ǣɽȻǹޱȣԼ죬ȴһĲԴɽûа仯Ψһϵı仯Լ׷ѰԼЩ棬ʼһЩǿļһ


2837 ǿĴ
Ǳ̣ٶǳ죬ǰǰҲǳ˽ӽһʱ䣡㳤ʱĸ߶Ƚ״̬ﻹ壬˼ĸȻǿߣ޷⡣
Լڵ飬ʱ̵תţüΪȫټУڵѾǱĵ߰˰ˣȴӲתٴ
֧֮£Ʋ֧ãǻǿǰ´ʱѾһȺ޵Ŀиˡ
һ׷𣬷Ѿ壬Լ󵽵жٵϢ׷ѰԼΨһ֪ǣԼޣǳؿֲ
źüͷϢΪذ磬ƵжԼ˼Ϊɵĸоǵȸоͬ𾳵ǿһ㣬һǲκεĵġ
ƳһԼؿ֮еľݣʱľݣҲ𽥵ؾûڣʣ˵ƬҶδں֮⣬ȻسΪԼһ֡
Ϊǣžݵ룬ڷƵţȴȻضһ࣬ǵ̬Ȼһݣޱȵر棡
仯ԼҲ޷϶ô£ҲǲˣںϵԼ棬ô˵Ҳһ£һ¡
ԼѾǽ㳤ʱ׷𣬱ҪȥĻǰС£ΪµľǡԼ»Ǳ޸׵˺飡
ȻʱȷǷһĻ벻飬ԼҲǲԼʱڴɽһλãʼԼܵľɫȴǷЩ仯
ǾԶԣԼǾĵطһƬطƺǼž࣡ŭûУʱЩ޵İϢҲһӼž
һĻȻɻ˿ǲҷԼٶȣȴǸֲ˹ȥ
ڴɽ棬Ե޶Լ򣬴Ӷ̤޵Ҳǲ̤Լ򣬷Ļһ֮
һΣΪԼݣ֮ޣǱԼˣϵؼ׷ѰԼ޴֮ڣһ㣬ȻЩǿҵʶƺˣȫһΪľ׷ѰԼѾݶȡ֣
ǴӸղſʼԼЩϢƺ𽥵ƽҲǱüΪؼžһĻ÷𽥵һֺ⡣
ȻǲΪԼǽ˰ȫУ۴ɽкδǳƵǰȫ
Ψֻһͣ
ǾԼѾǽһޱǿУһͷѾǿˣЩ޶̤һƬͽܵĳ̶ȣ
ܹ֮޵ĴڣһĴڣ붼룬ǺεȵĴڣֻ֪һǱԼϣǾʬ޴ˣ
ҧҧƵɨһܣžޱȣ֮Уһ˫޴ӣһֱעԼһ㣬ָоõΪظеڡ
غһƲйͷֻϣںϾݣǳһƬ
ȻƺϲЦһ㣬ڷҰο֮ʣһŭȻ쳹Ƶ嶼ڰ֮ҡһ¡
ŭĳλһ㣬£Ʊٶȷ֣ԼЩ׷ޣʱȴһεسˣ
군
а⡭ùһˣԼһͷǿ֮УЩΪɵͷǿĴڣǲԵؼԼ
ǿԽһʱ䣬ӶǰѸľ룬û뵽һͷǿޣȴֱӵŭ𲻶ϣһ㣬Щ޼׷ѰԼ
ʱƵжȻظһĨ⣬͵ػعͷȴǷ֣һƬգȻشһƬ޴ĺӰ֮Ϣϵ
ҵ졭⵽ʲôĴڣ
ƿһͷǿľ޴ӰҲǾѣƳһԼؿ֮еľݣںϿˣֻҪԼĪƬ̵ʱ䣡
һͷǿޣٶޱ֮죬˵Ƭ̣ǿ׷Ѱ˷ƣֻҪǸʱ򣬷ƸǶ㲻һͷǿޱ޵Ĺ
ǿԼ侲ʱԲܻңҧǰȻͻȻأɫһ䣬ΪٴβһЩƵĳ֣


2838 ˮ
ŷƴʱоһЩƵ֣ҲΪ㵣Ҳ˹Լʱ֪ѾٶȽɵΧ֮ڣ
ʱͷǲһأΪһƬƣʱܵһɵľĲ
УҪһʱ䣡
£ƿһ£Լؽ֮ľݣҪһʱ䣬ֻһ㣬Ǿ㹻ˣ
ȻͻȻֵļΪǿޣȴ޷Ԥ⣬Լǹᣡ
΢΢̧ͷɨǰԼŤĿռ䣬̺żΪǿĽȴǶȻһƣڲ֪ѾٴνӴɵôǿЩޣֱӵعǽƣ
ΪƺЩƣǷޣȴ磬˿ûа
£бһƣǾǻˮ
ţֻҪҪһʱ䣬ݾܹȫ֮Уʱûܹõ쳣ҲܹûһƬ޵֣ɣŪȮҲǿͬʱˮ㣬̽ԼҪ֪Ϣ
ȻһУƶܹƵúܾȷʱɵҲΪˣֻҪƬ̵ʱ䣬ܹ棬ʱЩޣҪ׷ѰԼǿɾ»
ͬһʱ䣬͵һоԼܵĿռһһ㣬Ǽǰ壬ȷǶȻͣǵȱʣǲ÷ڵѪͣ
ô£
оޱȣҲˣһͷǿޱȵʹõֶΣȻһĻԼ¾˼Σյľ֮ˣ
ּĴڣ˵Ƭ̣Ƿһ룬Ҳܹܶˣ
£ƱǸܵˣǴİѹ嶸ȻشһƬ⣬Σͷ֮£Ʊͷһֱӵػһ
ԯͷһ黤򣡿Եֵͬǵȼǿߵȫһ
򣬵Σͷʱ򣬲ܶãҲǲòһĻǱĪǿ޸ֱӵһ
ˣ
¿ռһе򣬱ֱӵرһƬ貵â
˲貵âؽƵֳһӼͬʱһͷ޴޺ӰʱҲ͵˹
ɫľЯżΪ˲סҪӲؽڵһƬ򣬶ǳ׵ػޣ
䣡
ɽȻͬİҲ˲һ𣬷Ǳâֵ壬ʱȻǱһǿɶǰҲನɶѣʵıըһ𣬲ûܹоʵԵ˺
һͷ޴ĺӰʱȴŭ𲻶ϣӲر貵âˣ޷ټǰ
µϵ涼ڲʱƽನȣ嵽ǰʱƳһԼţȴǾϲط֣ǾѾǳ׵ڣ
ڳɹˣ
·Ҳǳ˷ܣˣԼ˷һ򣬵ΪرǣԼƺǳƬ̵ʱ䣬ѾȫؽںϵԼ档
Ȼ·ҲѸٵסԼΣʱûƳһǿˣԼֵһͷޣǳʲôӣ׻һ˫޴ĳ򣬲ϵţȥΪ׺ݣ
ƵȻҲ޷ϳһͷ޵ҲƳһһͷޣҲٶȵسǰǰɵĽ֮أ
ǣһͷǿޣƺûоʹ˰ݣŭһƬ̵ʱ֮󣬲ȫ߽˷һؿŷƴžݣǰʧˡ
𣡡
ǾŭһͷޣȻǲģʹ÷ѣҲǻͷŭһͬľһ㣬Щ׳Ƴޣʱ̧ͷ˫֮н͸¶ײ֮⣬עӵģȻ𽥿ɽƴڵķƣ
ŭһĻνǼΪ׳ۣһ̣һͷǿޱȵ޴֮£ޣǷһ㣬Ȼ˿Ž֮ĴڣӲ׷˷ƣ
ȺŹˣûлͷҲܹʱвɵֿˣֻҪЩ޸ԼôùĿɲԼɣ


2839 
ʱɵĽ棬ȴǻȻƺȻһȺޣҪƵ
£ԭЩڵһɽ棬ʾŽ֮ڵ龰Ȼʱһһ֮УһɵӰѸٵس˽
ףǸϴαϳȥǸСô
һۻҲϳˣǷƵӰɵһֵ
ӣƺΪǱްɡһҲƳһ۵
ϧˣһģǻиŮģٺ٣ؿǰ˶ˡٻԣǹһЦ
Ȼһ̣һĻ棬ȻؿʼѣǵĲ
ô£
һʲô£
Щۻ¾һ㶣ǻع׷׵ؿǰֱǰδŵ顣
⣬ĽƣƺǳܲסǿڳŽƣ
һҲǱϳ˾ΪΣɫ͵һ䣬ΪͨԿεĽƣƺ𽥱ľ棬ΨһͣǾǿڳŽƣ
죡ͳͳˣ
Щ¾ǻһʲô飬ЩƿʼĻôȻǳܲˣ
Ƭ֮ǰĳֹİۻͳ죬ʱҲǼæܹ֮ʣȻǿ겻һĻһƬռ䣬Ťš
ǽƳܵļ޿쵽ˣ
죡һ
ͳæŭȵһǴɢȥʱҲһŭʵ⵽ô£
һϸͳ졭ǡǰǸһƺǵޣ׷
ʲôۻͳŭɽ⣬Ҳǲɵŭ֪ˣҾֱӷϵ
һڻӣ˵ʲôƬ֮ǰۻͳҲǿѹеŭǼһأ
֪ղǳˣܵĽƶܵӰ죬Ҳټ
쵰ңһжҪҵһηǵǰ˲ɣۻͳҲŭ𲻶ϣֱܣģһаѷƸɱˣһĻȻǲ֡
ͳ졭ͳ죡쿴
ȻʱһŻĻȴǶȻؾֵؽ°ۻͳҲŭȵôСֵģ
㿴ڱһ޵ľצ
͵ص֮г˾ֵɫ°ۻͳһҲ¶˾ֵɫôôܣ
ʱһڻ¶ҵɫΪѾǱϳһͷ޵ЦһͷޣǴɽ֮УΪޣ
ôǸôǵ
ۻͳ춼ҪоԼˣֱ޷ܣһĴڣȻǵһǣܹд
Уˣȫ˳ˣص
ۻͳҲŭһǻµҪŭˣڷƵӰѰңҵЩˣǰûаֿ
˶¶һҵɫɽ֮޵һͷЩ߸ϵĳϼҲǲǵͷһ
  ġƱˣ
ȻʱǿŤĿռ䣬ʱ𽥵سֳĻ棬һֻ޴צӣֱӵ˺˽Ƶǿеسײ˽
Ǿ޴Ӱڻ֮Уڶۻ¶һ˼ɫһ̣ǺƺƵӰ𽥵س˵С
ʱǰۻͳĶˣǺֹһǼֱǵ޶˰ɣ
һͷһͷ͵ޣԽ˽Ƶֱӵؽ˵ɵУȻΪ׵ȴͻȻʧȥ˷ƵϢ²ɵԭŭһƺѰʲô
ʱѾȫںϵƵ֮ڣһȴƾžݵϢȥ׷Ѱƣʱ֮£ʧȥ׷ٷƵֶΡ
ҲǱ÷ŭѣϣҲ͵ĳһռ䣬һŭһɽͨ濴ڶ໤͵ľǰŭһ㡣
Ƭ֮󣬻ֱӵʧˣƺΪ޵ֶΣ


2840 
⣡ߣص
һͳҲǾŵŭʾǲҪŴˣߵĻǼֱѰ·ɣ
Ȼ֪ΪҪ׷ѰһˣʱȻͨ濴ڵǳطŭ
ּȷŭ֮еʲôǲȥ΢е㵢ʱĻôǿɾ͵óΪΪ׵һ޸֮
ʱһеףҲǳ׵ذѵȵ׷ǿһһܣȷԼ᲻Ǳɵҵ
Ѿٵ˽ƣƺҪʼ
ٺ٣ҰɣңСүôˡƺٺһЦɨһܣҲҪѰһʵĵطָһڵ㳤;˵ǼΪصĥ
ʱڴɽ޴ڵĻѲţȻȴǶȻط˴̶ľ׵ش˴˵صļž
Ĺ֮УȴǶȻسӰһȻаʱһĲ֮⣬ѯʵ׷ʲô飡
ϣǰ棬޶ң
ʱһ·ĻҲǻش
޶Ҷѣôصľ棿һϢͬز¶ߣȴɻص
ǡΪףԼĪͷޣ֪ΪΣ˶ңֱӵسǲµĽơԥһ£Ҳʵش
ʲô
߱ɫ󾪣ȻǸо˼ӣЦȻΪף˶ңǷ۴ɽǧδ顣
ܴͷ
аԱߣȴ¶һɻɫԼߵ߾Ȼ˵ؾҲǱʾ⡣
аǷ䵽ȻǲǱƺΪҲǿЦɽ޺вϣȻɵ֯ҲЩޣ֮ǽڴɽΪѺĶǶɶԣǳҪˣǿӵóȴӲɽ
ղ˵һͷǿԲ綥ޣ
аԣɵһ㶣ɽɵһǳҪľݵ㣬ڲƺΪѺŶɶԣǳҪﷸܲңڵȴΪһκѻ飬ܵ˳ϻĴ䵽
ĽƣԵֵôаҲǳʵԣǿ鷳ʹˣӦûж⡣˵ͷɨһܣҪ֮أܵĽƣͺķǿֲֹ£һͷûκΰ취
ǾͺáаԣҲǵ˵ͷһҲʲôֵȥ飡˵Եط϶Եʡ
ǣȥ顣±ǹֹص
Ȼʱ򣬿ռһһȺ߱߶ȻһȺΪ׵ĺȻһͳ졣
֣¾ô£Ϊڶ
ʱҲǳʵҪŪǷʲô飬ҲЩʲܹ˽
ϣʧ𡣡
ûκ±ֱӵһһʮµǰ˵˳
Ƭֲ֮ǰе˵аºλҲ˳˼֮Уֲǰ֮ûж֣ΪСͬ飬Ϣǲ
˵Լһˣаʵ
ǵģͬУһŮġʵش
ܣ˵ӦûǶǰаüͷǻɷƣһŮĻôпܲˡ
ʮֵ˽ƵĸԣȻǶǰɽΪ˴İȫҲǲðմǰ
ţʶҲǲɵüͷ
ǲǸˣǵĻôԲܻ뿪аҲ˼ڵ֮ҪǸһҳ
ȻģǸһﲻʲôͷĻҲеѸ㡣˵ͷһ£޶ңҪҪȵɢȥܹѰ
аҲʼû˵ʲôƳһڵķǲɵǸһĨЦ


2841 
ʱɶԣһӣǱû࣬ΪڿĽ磬ʱѾǱƣһȺǿޣںƺƵ޼ɵؽƻţ
Ϊ׵ǷҲѰҲܹ֮ǿߣݹаҲ
˿ûаңΪǺɽ֮УռݵʵӴƻһƬ򣬲Χĵط
ĵĶԷĵطҲν
һֱƵ˶ΪɵĴӪʵǽڴɽ֮ϣʵΪȻڴɽɵȷǽһطΪѺΪҪˣһЩͽԼڷ˼ˣŻǱŵ
죬ȻҲǱѺ
аղŻǷųԣҪƶһǰɽΪƺˣһǷ̤ɽ׵У
ʱƵӰȴͬһһ㣬ϵشִ֣ɿ϶ţϾ˼ɵԼһʱ֮䣬жҲǱࡣ
ҲҪȥѰɶ֣ԼƺûѰɶֶΣɶܹѰҵ򣬶ûа취ҲֻǷͷ
ڼټеķƣȻ֮ͣٶ£ɫأƺǷʲôҲɨһܣһֱӵתԱߣԼá
Ƭ֮һŲȻش΢˫۵ߣѲܣȻһΣԼһȺߣȴؽɵӡǡ
˵ĳ֣ҲǲɵһЦԼʱǷҲѯ飬¾ùˣȻ˶Ϊֻλ
ڷƶԣв෴ҪеʲôĻԷҲûлԼλѡ
ҲΪ֪ǹؼʱ̣ҲǲϵעܵȻʱȴûз֣ǵı󣬷ѾȻؽӽǡ
ŷƵĽӽȴǻȻԼѾǳΣգϾƵֶҲ˵ãֱӵ֣ûа飬һ˫ӡߵĺ󱳣Ȼط
߾Ȼа㷴Ӧֱӵرɱֱӵ£ʱʣһߣԼͬĲԾ͵תȴǿһЦеӡ
ͱС
ʱȴЦеصѾǻûһžɫâ𽥵صһ߲֮
㡭˭Ҫʲô
һҲеŵصû뵽طȻܹ֪Ǳ
ԹԵػشҵ⣬㲻ͬһ³
ʼ򣬵ҲǿһܣΪܹѣҵĽƣԲʮһ˿Ҷܹ
һ㻰֮ҲǸһĨ˵ͷصҪ֪ʲôʾͿˣɱҡ
ƲƲ죬֮ڣҲ˶ǲģǰһһ̰֮ͽãԣһ̰ˣǸô
˵ɵܲƵصбҪŪ﾿Ƿɵܲ
ǣ
߾ֵҡҡͷΪƵһЩɫâһĨ־塣
ţƲɵüͷȻǣطʲôطѵɵܲ
˵ʵƲɵŭȵ¶һĨ⣬עǰߣһǿ֮а㲻Ծɫ顣
ҡ˵Ķʵﲻɵ֮ܲأ
߿֮е⣬ҲǾַʱԼ֣¸ǲ˿
üͷӶԷɫжϣƺ˵ѣѵﲻɵܲ·ϸ룬ǵĻҲ˵ùȥϾԼŪ㶯ˣɵܲôԼôɵܵڡ
ңƺҲûԼ֮㸴ӣҲǲﱻƺΪһʲôĵطȻȻżΪҪĹϵ
ǹѺڵĵطЩΪ̫ǿǻɱǵĻδǶɶһʧĵȻɵҲ֪٣±һһʮ˵˳
ĽͣƲˣȷɵܲһƺΪĵطҲɵһηѺһеˣ
㣬죬ǲǾ
ƺʵҲǿʼ²⣬ĻôǷᱻѺа𾿾ΪҪԼ
졭˭ҲһɻƺǴû˵֡
ɵʥŮɫҲһӳԼ¶˼ɱ⣬Ǹʩѹ
ʥŮ˵ʥŮҾ֪æǵǰʱ䣬ȷһŮģݳƻɵĵʥŮΪ´ˣԱѺ
Ϣƽüͷȷˣ棬µȷǹѺŴ죬ǡ㿴ĻԼѰҴȣǱøӵѣ
һ֣֪Ǹ򵥵ĵطȻ·ҪطѰҵ죬ʮֵѣ
ﶼʲôǿ򣿡ƵҲǼ׷ʵ
𡣡ɫŵػشǰ죬һƺаһͬƹ
ԣҲ΢˫λôȻǲ򵥣аֶΣѾ̹ˣСӣһû˵
ǷڲƵҲǼѯʣѯҪһ㣬Ǿ棬ʲôǰܹĻȻá
ҲЩǲģ֮ڣʮȫֲǡҲǻش
ʮƺʮʲôͷ
ʮÿһǽ޽ӽ𼶱Ĵڣǰһʱ䣬ǵѻƺΪִ񱻵˳ȥֻʮ߸档
ѻ֣ɵһЦֲãһԭǳʲôʮ죿ѹֻô˵Ļʣµʮ߸ҲǼ򵥵ȥ
Ȼ㲻֪ҲûֵˡʱҲͻȻ֮һâ
˵ɱҵģʱŲѣû뵽ƾȻǳֻɱ


2842 Ǳ
ֻ˵ʱɱѡ
΢΢һЦҲǸûǻľɫЩɵˣԼǲ֣ô£¾֪Լĳ֡
ڷƶԣɲһϢ
˳ȡԼҪϢ֮󣬷Ҳǽʬ峹׵ػʬ𼣣°ۼӰٶʧԭء
ڼǰУȴϸţһνҪôܹ˳ؾȳ졣
ɹѺط֮أôô˵ǱˣȻʦ֮ߣһʥŮƺΪԼԭ򣬴ӶǱ
ʮ
ĥţ棬ҲûаԮ֣һжǱҪԼ
ҵΪҪǣҵ֮أԼڵһƬ򣬽Ũ࣬ȴԶԶƵʱ䲻࣬һͷ޴ĻұƽϢ֮Ҳǻᱻɵ֣ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ǿѰҵɶ䣬ǸӺһ㣬ϾɶڣԼλҲǲκμɵʮԣӦ׵س֡
ǣڲ֪ɶη²ͷ۵ġ
ʱȻٶͣ½ŲһǰɵüͷһǿϢ𽥵ؿȥƺ١
£ԼĪ²ҲܹµӦһЩƬ֮ڷƵ֮УǳһȺԼĪʮ˵İɫ۷飬ôһȺˣҲǰҪֵͷ
λʮ۾ǿߡ
ò˵ɵĵ̣Ƿǳؿ£ǧɵ𽥵سչüΪѸͣµػһˣҲǲ²ⲻ͸񵽴Ŷôǿĵ̡
ͳ죬ոյϢҪѰһеģˡ
ȻʱһȺ˱ǶȻͣƺǿʼѰһƬһҲ
еģ֪ˣǰǸղſһٹŮӸ׽˵
Ϊ׵һͳҲǻ˻֣֮ɫɨӶܣǵĻ֮УƺЩ²ɵǰһŮӣĪǿ˵ľɶ
ԣôһȺƶǿŲԼв˵ɶҪǶ֣ͷ£һȺĿ̫ˣؽնɱ»ɵע⡣
Ե·ҲûֱӵسֽЩ˸ɱǿʼעЩ˵Ѱ˵ԼܹˣԼҵɶ
ɶԼ򣬰ԣ⸽ӦǲԼˡ
ڷͷ֮ʣһƿȻشһҽ˱Ϯˣ

ȻʱһŭƬطļžղƺһӰȻسϮǡ
׷
Ϊ׵һͳҲɫһӣʮǿ߽ǽϡ
ɶ
·ҲɫһϲӸղŵȷɶɣҲûκγɣӰβЩ˵ıκЩ˸ûз֣ǵĺ棬ɻһβ档
Ƭ֮󣬷ǿͣȻ˵ȴһƬ֣һȺʮȴֱӵذΧסƴʱȴǿˣ֮УȴһɫϤӰ
Ȼɶ
Ƿһ̣ɫǱñޱȣΪʱɶ״̬ʮֵغãɫĳȾѪҲǾһභĻǱ³
ʱɶȷе㲻ŷƷ֮ͬѡҲһ˷ɵĽ֮ڣȽϲãѰҷƵĹ֮У
ɶѹûӦͷҲӦ˼£Ѱ˻ᣬֱӵתߣ֮УɶҲǸˣϾĴڣɲǿЦģȫʢ״̬ɶȻǲ壬ɶΪһֱǿ֮䣬źһ㣬ԶԶûȬ
ԣӵ֮ɶҲΪˣ·;֮Уɵ֧飬ΪԵڶ࣬ܲսˡ
ȻһƬ򣬷һƬȴǶȻ˷ӦҲףƾڸ
ԣɶѡֱӶ֣ԱŪĶԾƣѰҷƣҲѰ
ȻɶĶˡ


2843 ʮ
ߣԹ־ܣȻ³Ǻòȥ
£ͳҲضűΧɶȻǿԲ²óɶϢˣҲǿˣɶϵƣԼߣڶ࣬ǲҪɵ
ɶû˵ǱֳĬɫһ˫ɨӶܣȴǽһööʱ𽥵ɢȣţƾڸ
ɶĬ˵ͳҲüͷ˻֣ߵʮһۣҲʶҪ֡
ڡ
ʱ򣬷Ȼסˣ͵ŭһǿϢһӵϯõòٴ۾Ļֱӵɫ԰ף͵˺

£һֵҲǴЩĿдֻʱƵӰͬһһ㣬ϯ֮Ϣֱӵ˲ˣֱɶߣ
ɶߵĳ֣ɵ¶˵Цݣ֪ơǲô׳µġ
ˣˡ
ƿɶ΢΢һЦһۣȻǲù˵˴˶ܹ⡣
˭
ȻʱͳҲŭһڷ´¶˼ɵɫӣȻϢ磬ԶԼˣ
ҪҵˣȻҡ
Ƶصɫ֮䣬ȴʼձһƽ֮ɫ
ʲôǳҪҵˣ
£Щʶ˺һۣ֮ж¶֣û뵽ǰˣǳҪѰҵˣ⡭ƺе㲻ԾԼȻ˶̫࣬ˡ
źŵ
Ȼʱͳɫһ䣬ȴҪץסᣬԱͳˣֻܹһԣ˸׽ס
С֣ⷽԲʮҵ֮У޷ݳκεϢȻˣҲ˿ƺɫ𽥵ظһĨ⡣
һսû£Щ˽ˣȻҸطɶʱҲǵصǰҪôǾؽЩˣҪôֱӵתߣߵĻ»˵ע⣬ʺϡ
ңŷԱߣôɶȻҲǲη壬֣ȻǿԺɽǰһȺˡ
Ƶ˵ͷΨһѡҲֻжˡ
˲䣬ƻԼƣһһɰľɫâֶһһ㣬ɨӶЩˣҲҡҡͷЩ˱ɣҪ֣͹ɵˣ
󣡡
£һͳڲ޷ݳϢ֮Ҳɫ͵һ䣬Ҫ֪ԼǰһΪǳԼ֮ϣҲԴС
ǣ
ţʮŭһÿ˵ɫǱüΪأҲǸԵɢλϵر仯ţγһֵ󷨡
һȺ죬һʮˣ
ʮˣԵվλǱһ֮У˲䣬󷨱Ѿɣ÷ƸоǣЩһϢͻȻرҡƺΪһ壡
󷨣
ЦھԵǰʲôֶΣ޷ֹ
Ƶ󷨣ٶ֡·Ҳɶһ̤Ӱֱӵʧԭأٶȳ֮ʣѾǳ»ͳǰ

󷨣ȻƲеİҲܹλΪĵģֻҪԼȵؽô󷨣Ȼǲƣ
ƵͻȻ֣ͳҲɫһ䣬һ˫ֽǰȻһ貵âǱǰγһƬܣ
䣡
һ죬Ȼ֮£ɫâݺݵغһƬ֮ϣʱֶڲţɼΪǿ˲䱬һӰбڰ֮סӰ
ȻǷƣʱȴһԻ֮ɫղһ˵ǵֵˣȻ漣һ飬ֵסԼһе㲻⡣
󷨣ܹ˵Ƿ
ʱԱߵɶȴǿŵʮҪƵ󷨣ǾҪԾԵƣܹһƣͻ˲䷴ɵǵϣ
ʮ󣿡
һЦֲϧҪǾԵһǻˣҲֻǵȼΪ𾳵ǿߣܹһƣȻҪֻҪıֱӵرʮǻ׾ٵرԼƣ


2844 ɱ¾
Щڿתʮ֮󣬵ȷǳɹصֵһηƵĽǸһۣҲ¶һĨϲɫֻҪֵܹԷĹôǾŻᣡ
ǣڷƵЩƺе쿪ˡ
غһƿʼſϵؽŹһһΣӶسĴ֮󣬵Ƕûܹɹش
һĴεĹǶûܹɹػʮ󷨵ķõЩۻʮֵ˷ܣֻҪԼʱȥ˵ŤתĻᣡ
˷ˣ󷨣
ͳҲصʮ󷨵ĴڣǷӵпǻƲܣ
ҪҪһ֣
ʱɶҲüͷʮ󷨵ȷſȡ֮Ȼڷ֮£ܹάת
áֻҪһ㹻ˡ
غһȴǾܾɶİæر˫һֿľ統УҪʱƫƫҪ޷ֻ״̬֮£ܹش
Ȼǿ󣡵ʮʮĳ̶ȣûа취
£ͳҲؿЦ󷨵ĴڣǿԲηǰˣΪûа취󷨣
ûЩԼ統Уǹȥ꣬һ˲䣬ƶȻ˫âһֱ̣ӵؾ̤
ճȭ˶ֱӵس˹ȥƶȻرһȭֱӵش˿ıսЧ
ģ޴
ͳǲ֪ʱķƣһȭȥǿԲĴڣ
䣡
ûй໰ֱӵؾһȭ
ûκ⣬һɱǰΪϯֶסƬ֣˲Ϣ֮䣬ֱӵؽһƬֶǴݻ٣
£ûκε⣬ıսĿǲݵʮֵܹģ
꣡
һϸ΢촫׵Ļͳ죬ӵЦţһ̣ǱǶȻѪ֮𽥵سž֣
⡭ôɡ
Ȼû˵꣬ǵȿµֱӵشݻγɵ󷨣
һپһνʮ󷨣ǵ˵з߹Ȼһܵ˻ԵĴôԶԣ˶ܵɣ
£׵ǿߣǸûκεĵֿ󷨱߽⣬Ҳܵ˷ɣֱӵؾǱನ
ʱɶҲǶˣһɱ֮Ѫէ֣ûһܹдȴλλǿߣˣǰǲһ
ʱȷǻһڳûܵߣǾֱ˸ղ˵һͳ졣
ͳ죬±ܵ󷨵ķɣֱӵ״ֵ̬ؿŷƻҲǲϵ˺ƺܹл
һҲǲԣκ̫˷ˡƵصǴһڣȡԼҪ֪ǶԷȴѰ·Ҳǹ
󡭡ɱңҪ֪ʲôҶ㣡
ͳһؾɫڷƵĻ֮УƺѰҵ˻ȥϣҲĵ
ҪˣһС
ҡҡͷֱӵԼƣֱӵطǸͳԴ֮ϣںѧһѻֶΣΪһǲᶯá
һΣԷȻѰ·ôҲûκθС

һҽдͳҽвѣǻ̱ڵ棬ʱʱ顤ţȴɢޱȣͬûаһ㡣
΢΢һ˫ڶѰļ䣬ԼҪ֪ĶҲ˫ɶʱҲǸպɱ¾ʮˣһҴ棡
߰ɣﲻܾ¸ղһѾһЩ˵ע⡣
ûüϸԼõϢɨһܣҲǶɶ
ɶ˵ͷմȾѪҺȴģ·ϧؿһۣ´ΣɱЩ½ұԡ
ɶȴЦҡҡͷһ·ƣ˱ʧƬ֮С


2845 ɵ׷Ѱ
Ȼɶ뿪һƬط֮µȴһصʬ壬Щ˽ûаϢȫǱɱ
Ȼǲκ飬£ɶѾԶһƬ򣬵û뵽ǣ뿪֮󣬵±һȺˣٵһƬط
ȻΪ׵ȴ۵ߣǵĺɫ۷֮ϣһƻһӡǣȫصĺ֮УԱߵЩۻǶ¶˹ɫ
Щˣڳ֮ǿصʬ壬Ϊ׵ۻҲǲɵüͷ֮£ԣֱǰδš
Ȼ˲ȵزɽ֮лɱǵˡ
ʲôô
һ߳ʵɨһܣЩΪ֣һԳֲ֣𾳵ǿߣ𼶱Ĵڣɽֺأ
ˣЩǴ߶ʮ󷨣˴ݻ٣ܵ󷨵ķɣӶ״̬ǵ˿ڣΪġ
һۻСػش
ʮ壬ҲͬλԣǸˡ
ͻȻأһҲǻ̧ͷ¶һĨɫɨӶ
ȷ
ǸƺΪʮĺҲǲΪȻص
ܹһģȻ־Բ𼶱𣬿ҲλϿ˵Ǹˣһε޶ңҲǸйϵһۻط
֮УżǿĻ֮ನΨǸ˲Ǵܹ֮һ㣬ΪһţȻϡƺ뵽ʲôЦһ㣬ɵǹЦ˵һƣȻǺѻͳ죡
ʮȻһˣվô˵Ҳͷע㣬öˣǵǽѵһʮҲصȴѾЩ
һţٺ٣Ϊܹһ֮λʮȻǲΪȻƺҲǲطɲ˵ЩĵطҲǿڵûа취׷Ѱǣ
ûУ̫ܵˣ׷ѰϡʮҲҡҡͷ±ǿһܣֵȷûмֵ֮Ҳҡҡͷ±ǴһӣֱӵشϣһƬɫĻ档
ЩɫĻ棬һӵش֮ӿֱֶӵϯЩϵʬ壬Щɫ棬˵Щʬʱֱӵط
߰ɣȥ
ʮĮȻصûκеĻЩˣУһʬѣѾҲûüֵˡ
ˣҲǵ˵ͷһٶʧ˴˵أͬûгһ㣬ȻֻдһغɫĻ棬ʬ֮ϣϵȼţܹ֤ţղŻ
£ЩɫԼĪʱ𽥵ȥЩɫȫʧ֮һʬ壬ȴƾջһƬң΢紵ҲûǴڹĺۼ
ʱ֮ڣʮʮҲǷȥֱӵа
˵ʲôȷǷô
£а˻㱨֮ɫҲǲɵøΪɭ࣬ȭͷգû뵽⻹Ƿǰˣһһ
ǵģ¿Զ϶Ƿˡʮ嵭ص
ʱҲƳһаȴ˼֮УߵŮӾ˭ܹһɽǲ򵥰ɡ
ߣ˭ɽ͸ԶаҲЦصʵĽƣҪʱ޸
ķΧûκ⣬ĽƣƺΪ޵ĳܵƻʱҲΪ棬޷ǰȥ޸ǵ󲿷ֶǼС
޷ȷ
ʱһۻشǵȵ뿪ǵĽƷΧ֮ǲǿԽ޸
ԣаһۣɵüͷҲ˵ʱ֮ڣǼ޷ŷƵټ⽫Ǵһʮֱľء
ȻʮɳŸˣǰȥ׷ɱ˼Ƭ֮Ҳǽ÷ƼңȥɲС
ֻʣʮ߸ٳĻ»᲻ϲ㣿аüͷȷǺջַԶԣǲܳµġ
ģ㵹ж⡣ΪĳϣҲǵЦ֮ڣ˴ڣѾ㹻ˡ
аԣҲǾ˵ҲеҲ޳ɣɳŸˣȥѰҷơ
ŸˣΪ飬һˣʼѰޣ򾪶˭ҲȲǡ
ҲǶʮʮǰǼ˾ͲĳˣӾźſʼ⼸˱Ƕɡ
ʮʮһۣҲǵ˵ͷת棬Ƭ֮󣬱žŵͬɫ۷ֱ֣߳Ӵ֮гаǰ
һΣǵǻɱƣȡַĴУޣסǵ
ҲٶǵҪ֪ЩһɶһһӹߣǳʲôǾǵ³ͱʮֵΣա
ȿµޣ˵Ǵɽİ˸ȥǣȻǣҲǾ޷ȥ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷһ飬ֱӵطֱȥ
ȥıӰаҲ΢΢üͷ֮еǳһ˿ǣ棬֪һֶĶ࣬ҲڷƵгԿǿɾͿˣڶɶԣǼǵõʧ
Ļ˵һȻ޷Ϊʥ֮õԴ˿ȵ٣ҲΪ׷Ѱƣϧ˵Ĵ󲿷ֳϣǰѵʥӺʥŮַǿջӳͳϣȥԸơ
һζ㹻֮ķգѾǷˣȻĸ׵λջطǱȻģΨڴϳ˵鷳Ҳǳɹ೤ϣ˴ʥŮ֮λʱ䷨ջء
ȻһжΪƵȻǰѺѻɱˣַУΪ£߸ϵаҲǱڶ೤Ϸ䵽ܹһַ򣬷ĻһӾˡ
ߣƣһҪ޻أ
а


2846 
ʱɽ֮ڣҲɶϵѰ֮ò˵ռݵһƬ򣬿Ϊ٣һ·ϣǼеٶ˿ǲȴδѰҵ
ңһ·ϣƺɶҲǷˣ𽥵ضһЩ޵ټ⵱Ҳõ˸ΪؽһͷǿޣĿǼΪɵ
ǰ޵ϢСĵ㡣
ͻȻƿڵɫΪأѾһ·ϵڼˣԣҲֻѡˣ޷֮⣬һǳʲô˵Ĳ¡ޣǾɵЩˡ
ɶ˵ͷҲѰ˵طƬ֮һ¡𽥵ش޽һȺƺƵشӷƵǰܶ
ҵǣЩ޲ûвƺɶϢѾǾ뵽˷ƵڣκεؼɵһͷĳֵǿޣֱܹԼϢ֮⣬ޣѰҲټ
Թԣ涼ҵò˰ɡĿһȺȥıӰ֮ҲﰵҲһˬȻôһȺ޵޼ɵش˽磬ɾٲά裬Ͼ˼Ĵڡ
Ȼʱ򣬷͵̧ͷ΢΢¶˾㵵ɫͬʱʾɶҪʱΪһЩϢ֡
Ƭ֮󣬼ž֮أͻȻشƿ۵ӰȴֱӵسһƬطɶһۣҲǸһĨصɫ
Щһ˭
ǵװ磬ƺɵȺһطɵ֮⣬˭ĪǱӲܣǸԳˣԲ׵Ȼ
źţûз֡
һһɨһܣϢΪذ磬Ȼһǿߡ
һۣҲǸԵóһһĶһɫָڲϵţҷزһѰʲô
һе˼֮󣬱ͣһһǷƴʱע⵽̵ָ뷽ĻԻǾ㵵طָ֣ķ򣬾˵Ĳ֮
ûУովޣǻңûκõļֵһΪźŵߣȴת˷Ƶڷ򣬶ͬʹһ
ãǾͼѰҡ
ͬ飬Ȼ֪źڴʲôҲһۣ˵ͷ
ӰȻƿȥٶ뿪һƬطٶ𽥵ػָƽȻƺɶһۣû̴֣ٶȵصȴƬ̡
ԼĪʮӹȥ֮󣬷Ҳǵ˵ͷشӲ֮֮˸ɶ
Ѱǵģ
ɶҲ΢΢üͷղ˵ľٶȻѰʲôһ㣬ɵĵط
ӡ߲ơҲҡҡͷغ˳֣ɽӵ˼֮ɫǵݣһ
ˣǣ취Ѱҵ֮أ£ǵȵһε޶ҹȥ֮ʲôж¾ࡣɶҲĵصȴûѰҵڵĵط
ǰҲǸˣﲢɵ֮ܲأ֪ΪΣȴǶɽһ쳣ϤоÿһͷޣܹǱϳ
Ҳǵͬӡ֤˷Ƶ뷨ɶյаźܴĹ
ȻѰǴȥΣ
Ȼʱһ˻ƵȴȻش˴˵صƽõ÷ƺɶ͵̧ͷӳصɫʼɨܣǵĸȻرˣ
תۼ䣬ӰȻǸղųֵˣһЦѣΪԼص㹻⿱̣ǲ׽ǵ
ɫ΢΢سû뵽ջǱˣȻ֪ǿôǣƺҲ֤ʵˣһ߲ơ
ҽһ£ʮ֮һھ
һ˵ЦƵɫЩζЦݣǷưɣԹԸ߰ɡ
ʮ
Ƶһ㶣ǰˣȻģƫƫʮ֮еˣе㳬ϣ΢΢˼һҲǿЦҡҡͷΪ׽סʮˡ


2847 ƾǣ
ΪڷõϢ棬ڴ˵ص𼶱֮⣬ΪµľʮˣҪ֪ѻʮõʮһЩʲôļһ
ȻǰˣȴǴʮˡ
ǵĳ֣Ҳ˵ˣһѾ֪ǵĵҾҪѷƸ£ĻҲʮ֡
ǾʮҲЦЦȷܹԼĴڣ΢е⣬ⲢʲôⲢǱеĶܹ֡
ûȻҪȥǾ͸һ߰ɡźҲɭɭһЦ˿û֮еɱ⡣
ûмǴĻѻǼһǵһţ΢΢ɫ֮伫Ϊ򶨣˿ûаη塣
ߣΪһžܹԼ֮ϣźҲЦصһ̵ַɣһܹ֮һţΪʵǿá
ʮ棬ɲǸݸԵĴŶ
źЦǵЦݿȥΪɭϢȴҲ÷Ϊ⣬˵Ļʮÿһˣͬѻ
ɵĵ̣ǿ㣡
Σƾǣ
ҡҡͷȻˣƾǰˣҪԼ˶֣쿪ˣԼӦܹԸһɶӦܹ
ֻҪԼһ֮ôȻǿ˳ؽˣ
Ҫ֪ɶʵԼ˵֮ĵز˵𣬵ȲϣԣȻǷԼҲûжİգܹսʤɶ
˵ǰЩνˡ
вУǵöֲ֪һҲЦаƬ̰ǸĻһγĺۻɶǸϵ
ⷬƵɫɶ΢ص˵ͷһ̣˵ӰȻر⼫ΪĬϣ˲ؾγɣ
ɶһس֣ĿǣסˣһԷģӦǿԽһȻѸٹæ˺ԸЩν˿Ѵ֮
ˣ
ƶһǰ˵ľźţҲЦһľɫâǻһϯ֮ռ𵴣ƷǷ
úãҼʶһ£㵽кεֶΣһŶУ
źſƳԼҲǳХһӥ˲ɶͽԼͬȥԸˡ
źâ壬ͬһʣ貵Ļɫâ˲۶һ߳߳ǻ٣ֳֻ񽣣ǰһ
Ƭ֮£ƱҲǲܵ£ڲϵҲ΢΢üͷû˺󣬷̤ǰ˲ϢĹֱӵʧԭأ
źžеĻ񽣣ݺݵ£һ޴ĻǴӻ֮һǰ۶ľɫײһ
䣡
һ̣زΪ֮ʧɫɫâ𽥵෴ݶһɫȴûаӰ죬צ˾źš
һĻźҲ΢΢üͷҲûκγɣеĻضӰƶǻһĻ
ն
źŭһֱ͵һеĻ泤Ҳֹͣ趯һ̣ǱΪȵĻâǰûľŵɶȻݺݵس˾ɫ
飡
һͻȻıըȻǱȷŵģΪˣźʩչһ֮Ҳ΢΢һ˫ڷƵӰҲʧġ
һ̣ź͵ػеĻ񽣣ֱ񵵶ȥûǸ񵵣ǽ
Ȼ֮£źűǲˣӻ֮ϣһּΪ˵õڵѪǷڲѣ
ߣռ֮ĪִзѾǱ
¾źɫ΢΢ط˱仯뵽ʲôҲЦ֪᲻ʩչʱ䷨򣡡
һ̣仰֮ʣƵЦȷǶȻظֶ
  ȻҪʶһʱ䷨ҾԸ
ԣźŵ׶Ȼصɴʶѿڶôܣܹʩչʱ䷨򣡣


2848 ѹ
ھźŵľ֮ɫȴЦʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ʩչӦǿþźʱΪʧ¶
ʱȷͬһ㣬źűͻȻʱ䷨סȫһεڼӳ֣ȻʶڸоһУȴƫƫϡ
ֲǴǷʹʱ䷨֮󣬶Ծźɵѹƣ嶼Ǵʱٵ֮С
΢΢һЦ͵ֱӵһȭȻ֮£˵ľɫâֱӵɢһ̣ضµϵĴ֣
źɫأûлţҲǳͺһֶĺɫâѸٵػûһףȻ֮£ȭͷһɫâЯĹƣݺݵļ
飡
˲Ϣ֮£һɫӰֱӵرɶźȻͷֵסһǲɱǣƵ̫ˣֱһȭ̺֮һ
˵սɵһĻȴǾߣһۣҲǳЩ㵣ͬΪȻǷǳ˴˵ʵźŵΪǵͣȴǱѹŴ򣬿ɼƵҲǲ
ǹȥ֧Ԯκɶһˣ㹻ˣ޷񣬶ɶȼĴڣһ񣬾ͻ⵽Ӷ·硣
źŵӰɶƬ֮󣬲ǻվǵ֮ɫֻ֮ȴǶֵء
û뵽ȻõĻźЦѵڷƵϣʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨Ҳںѻȡ
Ȼȴҡҡͷ̫ˣΪֻǲô
ʲô˼¾źһ㶣˵仰ƺеѰζĪһϰ
ѻ壬Ҳ޷ңû壬ҵĶ֣
£Ҳٶȳ֣ѾǿˣǰźţȻΪˣΪʵһ㣬ǾǺѻİ壬ȻźȴûдﵽѻǵȾ硣
Ե¶ԣźţǸסԼġ
壡źǱβһ㣬ɫüΪŭʵ֮Уѻܹ֮һŵλã˲ǲûвࡣ
һãİ壬Ȼʮ߸ȴûֱʵŻɲࡣ

£źҲŭһ˫ֺʮȻرһΪȵ棬ϯ񷣬˵¶ȱǳһأҪһصһУǷոɸɾ
һĻûκη壬һĨЦĳַİ壬ûվһ࣬Ȼ࣬ȴ֮ͬĲࡣ
ûرֶΣ޷Խ
һȵ棬ƻ̧Լƣ͵һЩϸ΢ӰƬָ֮ƶ˵ľɫâһɹɳżǿĻ֮ڲϵ
Ǵ֮
䣡
֮УȻشһƬľ죬һ̣ƵָһֱӺݺݵػӳһһâϯֱһȥ
һâ֮ʣźŵɫȻط˱仯ǰű֮һӣʱҲǱྪɫţȻ֮УȻһҪߵͷ
һηʶزһ޷Եĸо
貵ľɫâͬ˺һƬ񷣬һΪǽĹâڸȥ˵Ļ֮һ֮вϵػصš
䣡
һ죬һɫ磬ҲǴӿ£Ŀ꾹ȻǾźţ
ȥǵһž۰ɣ
Ҳ΢УӹһĨɱ⣬һ̣ζȻʩչһ˲ǳǾźŵߣʱľźţûдǿµĻ֮֮лع
ַϢس֮ʣ׽ʶҪŷ룬һ̣Ƶȴ΢΢
ŷƵ£ʱ˿̣źٶǾֵط֣Լ޷Ѿٴαʱ䷨ţиӾǣµһɫ磬Ѿֻ֮ңˡ

źŷһĲҽɫУô³ΣȻҲ˵ͲǿԵֵˣ»ֱӵر


2849 սپ
ǣµǾźŸ޷ƿأҲֻؿһɫ磬Ȼ֮ϣֱӵرը
䣡
գźϵĲҽҲǱ⾪˵ľûھɫ罵ٵźһ˲䣬ҲҡҡͷǴ֮ɵ
Ƭ֮ľɫ𽥵ɢȥƵӰ𽥵ʾûаˣ෴Ǿźţȴǳ׵ʧˣͬûгֹһ㡣
ҡҡͷ޵Ŀռ䣬˻֣ö룬źѾǳ׵رǴ֮У꣬Ѿǳ׵ɢһƬ֮䣡
ȻʱھԶ֮Уھźһ˲䣬谵ȴǶȻشһ˵ĲȻǸӦʲôȻһĻȻǿ
ڽ˾ź֮󣬷ҲûκγɣƳһɶʱȻҲ˵ãվɶûа취ǵ¿źֱӵ֮һۣ˸еľ֡
ǰһＫΪ򵥣ƺܹԸĴڣ
£Ҳ⣬Ƿȴȵһӽǣֱӵطסǵȥ·ǰѵĻᡣ
սپղŵѾ˲˵ע⣬ǣ鷳ʹˡҲǳض¶˱ɱ⡣
áɶĻشҲûκγɣֵȣȻرøΪֱȡҪһӣ˾ٲάĵز
ɱ˾źţ޷뿪
һ˿Լ·ûҲƴ֮⡣
һҶɱ˵ľźˡЦûż֣Ƿסǵȥ·֮󣬵ˣֻһܹ˭飬ҾͲɱ
ˣ̰ɱǣҲܲˣ
ûɣˣҲǱԮָ
һۣҲ¶˷ɫ˾ȻҪƴҲҪסƺɶˣƺʱ䣬ȻΪ˸ԼΪҲǲϧ
һĻƵɫ΢΢ɶһۣҲֱӵس֣һΣһֱ֣ӵǿıսһ±ǵ
ֵһ˲䣬ɫȻһ䣬ǿŴʱƣȻǱ˾˵о㵲ѣƺˣΪξźŻǲڷƵС
һܹӵеģȻ壬Ҳ
Ȼȴǲ֪ƻɱźţ֮УûжνĿǴ֮Ѿþźų׵ػ˳
£Ƶ˼ԣһ֣˷Ѱʱ䣡ֱӵתΪ˵ǣһΣֱӵתǴɹҲûκαֱӵһȭ
һûаֿҲǵֵ˷Ƶһֱӵһ
ʮţ
ԼͬһαɱһҲǷŭţϢȻرÿ˵忪ʼǱޱȣɫͨ죬ĿüΪ
СģҪԱɶȻɫһ䣬һҪԱͬھ
ҡҡͷѹûмɵκΣֱӵԼƣһͷ­֮ϣԱǰѣ
£ֱӵشʱ䷨򣬶ʱ֮£֮гžֵɫԺǸоʱģȴһжǱ
һĻҲǼԱ壬ֱӵֹͣһΪĻ棬Ҳ˵ֹԱֻǷƵʱ䷨򣬿ΪĵķԲһƬʱ٣Ǽٶȶѡ
£ҲǼ׷ʲôҪʱ򣬻ǲȡһЩֶΣѻ꣡
ʱ䷨Ľ֮£ҪԱûףҲǳᣬֱӵضʩչѻ꣬Ժ֮лȡһЩΪмֵϢ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƲǶɶ˵ͷ߰ɡ
֮󣬷ɶ˵Ӱֱӵص˱һȴΪʩչѻ꣬˱óմޱȣѹǿƲԱٶȡ
䣡
һ죬׵ؾɽ


2850 ׷Ѱ
ҲǱնɱ֮󣬷ɶ˶˲سطղһƵԱǵö˵ɵˣһܹܵõ
ڽ֮ʣźҲ˵·ϣѾ˸Ϲˣٲߣ¾͵ԸĻ
ЩΪףȻһ⣬һǾ˵һ鷳
·ɶ뿪һƬռ֮ʣƬ̣ͬǺ۵߽ڴ˵أɨһܣȴɫΪء
һźŵ
ֳֻһƬưܵķ棬һλǿߵԱȷܹԽһռ䶼ǳ׵Ϊƽأκζ
˶ͣ¡µû㱨ȥһҲǳһ£һӾʧλԣһǳʧ
֮УȷһЩֶΣĳЩѸٵسΪǻɥʧĻᣬÿһˣɶǵˣȳɾͣȫǿԼƴһʧ
һΣһټǰͬڷеĺѻĸˣ
ʮֻʮĸˣˣҲ޷׷ѰȥҲûֶΣֳһλǿߵԱݻˣû°
߰ɣȻȥﲨ»ǰһͷ˹
£Ӱһֱۣӵ뿪Уȥ֮һŭȻش˴˵صһ̣ضڲһӴӰǱܶ
һӴӰȻǷǰһͷ޴ޣҲν
ֱʱһӴȫسֶڳ֮󣬷ŭţƺǲʲôǳĳһֱȥ
߶ķ򣬺ȻǷɶȥķ
ʱɶڲϵؼټУԶ˷һƬֵ򣬵·ϣҲƻޣȴûоǡ
ҸղŴǵùһԺ棬ҵڵĵط
Ʊ߱ڸղŵѻ꣬Ȼʱ䲻࣬ҲǴӶԷԺѰҵڵĵطҲ˽⵽ˣ涼ǹѺһЩʲôˡ
ȥĻҪãɶʵ
ԼĪʱǲóȻعȥҲغһ滹а𾳵ǿػţѺŵģҲһǿߣǶɵˣҲĴڡ
ԣɶɵüͷеǳԼϣȻһӵ֮Ӵĵ̣ʵǺɣŶֶΡ
ҡһļ֪һ飬·ƺһܡ
ʱ򣬷Ƴһ£ҲǶɶֱΪǸܣйء
ԣɶ嶸ȻؽӲһ£׷ʵʲôܣ
ȴҡҡͷҲѻʱ䲻֪֮࣬󣬱ûʱҼѻ꣬ǼһϾҪԱˡ
ղǵ֮£ҲǼΪգƵ߰벽͵ǱǿԱķΧ֮ڣʱµóԲٿͷ
һҪȥһˡɶüĻôֻҪǽ뵽ܹ˽⵽һЩ飬ԼݣһֱǻɣԼǲа
ȥȻҪȥһ£óȻشƿЦɶ۷ΪôǵǿԹشȥڲС
ңǵʱ䲻࣬¹ϼ죬һε޶һǱƽϢڴɽپͻǺױǲ׽Ҳǲڶѻʱ˽⵽һЩ顣
ţȽӽ˵ɡɶҲǵ˵ͷǵȽӽܹǾҪô
ţе㲻Ծ
ƴʱȴͻȻ̧ͷƳһۺ󷽣е㾪겻ص
ô£ɶһ㵵ؿŷƣԡ
һϢҡƵɫҲǱüΪأⲢԼĴһĪǿϢ׷ѰԼסˡ
𣿡ɶҲʵ𣬿ǿߣһ㡣
ƵɫɫеѿǱΪֵĴڡ


2851 
ȻڷƵ֮ʣȻشԶһŭһŭƺɶɫ˲ˡ
ȻͷޣȻѰҡҲͬϣһͷޣΪǿһͷޣȴû뵽Ȼһֱ׷ѰԼ
ô죿ɶҲüͷƺûа취ˣǸһ˷ƵϢܵĺǣҲܹҵġ
Ƴ˼Ƭ̣ʱһͷû׷һͷޣΪĴڣҷɽҲָİ
ȻӲǾԸɡ
ƵĻشȴɶе㵣Ȼô˵ˣƻҪȥԸⲻѰ·ô
У֮Ҳδͷ޵Ķ֡ɶҡͷԵ飬һͷǿᣬҲδܹԸ
̸̸
Ȼ˵ĻȴǴɶϣһȻҪ̸̸仰²֪ٸˡ
ɶһ⡭ʲô̸ģȻǻۣȸӿµޣӵеǻۣǿߣⲻ̸ޱײУһǶ˿衣
ô׷ңܴԭΪݵԵʣȻĻȻǿԸ̸һ¡ʼҲӲβһѡ
ŷԣɶҲǳĬ˵ûϢˣӲңǴɽҲ޷ӵȥһǾˣޣǵ³ͬҲǺòȥ
ȻʱԶһ޴ĺӰͬһƬһ㣬ԶѸӿֶһɼΪǿƣƺɶɫ΢䣬е㳬ԼԤϡ
һƬռ˰յĺӰ֮У¶һɺ˫ֱ·ˣɵǴ˵ͳŭһնȻر΢
֪ܹ˵Ļ
Ȼȴ˿壬ֱǸ߸ϵҲǳХһ
һ̣Ҳ͵һһ˫ɺ˫֮УԼ¶Իɫֻǵͳ˼ӴӰǿʼϵŤš
һɺɫâϵسֶһ̣Ӵ壬ڷɶע֮£ǰռ˰յʱȴ𽥵Сš
ѵܹûΣ
ƶʱе㲻ˣ
ǵģԶһޣΪ˵ؾˣܹûΣҲǲ֡ɶصȻ˫һֱڹ۲ı仯
Ƭ֮һӴӰǿʼϵСճΪһԼĪ׸ߵΣȻһĻȴ÷΢㵣ǰȻܹûΣ
ݡ
ԣǰѷƸ˲ᡣ
ȻΪ˾ݶƿЦҡҡͷҲɫҪݣҿԸ㣬һס
£Ҳףǰͷ²úŪԼҲһЩƻҪ֣ɶ˵ʵǷǳǿ
ǰδؾͲУĴڣĺܶ˶ĵܹ˵һԸôӪȳ죬ɾͻǱüࡣ
ҪҰԸ
ʱҲǵؿڵҲһ˷ͷⲢû÷ƾȣϾΪڷ˼ȷ
ûֻҪӦңݣҿԸһ㡣ƳزԼ˵仰ʱ˫֮иֶһĨȣȻǶˡ
Ϊʲô֣
Ȼʱȴָɶһɻص
ɶһۣҲǾ㵲ѣɶڵ֪ң
Ȼȴ¶һĨ̵Цݣѵˣ
һһ֮ĹԻҲõ÷Ƹое׽ѵǰǸɶйʲô
ǰ˴ɽ˴УѵѾôصƺɶĹȥȻƵҲһ仰֮Уʲô
ǰǸʱΣаֵô
ô˵ɶǡ


2852 
Ļ֮Уɶݺˡ
ӣ㻹һô
ŹֵһЦɶɻɫԷֱԲڼװʧȥһμһ㣬ɽʲôطȻˡ
걻ˣĹȥһУ
ƴʱصȻɶݺǾа𣬵κΣʼǹȥɶɶаûаϵ
ƳһɶЦ˴УǵնϵģվһЩ
У־ɣ˵һеΪΣ
պ֪
ҡҡͷҲǲ˻⣬ھϣҿԴӦ֣и
˵
ҲףҪͷԼû򵥣Ҫһ£ʲôԡ
ĵ£ѹһΪһң
˵仰ʱɵ¶һȵɫԣʮֵҪ
ƺɶһۣҲǵ˵ͷȻѵãǰҪȳǴ죬νҲûд˼ȻҪǾ͸ɡ
֪棬𼶱ǿߣȻʮٳЩ֮⣬˹Ҳûжвƻص֪һж˵˳
ǿߣҶԸһԶԸһ
صνҶֻܹͷޣ㡣
ԣƶʱ¶ϲɫѾ㹻ˣǴӦҪĻôԶԣһζԸжǱޱȡ
Ļ֮䣬Լˡ
ʱҲȵص֮ѹĶһֱҪȥȡκΪͻĽƣ˷Ƶĳ֣ǿ˳µذ֮ѹȡء
ƣôое㲻ԾɶʱҲȻش̬ȱõ̫ˣ쵽ɵĵز
ȻҲţ±˼ǰһ̣׷ɱԼãһܹ̾ԼȻͼıѹ
µȴǶԼò˵İǶԸ°빦
ã֮ԼҲǳˡ
ЦɶͶȥһʾԼСĵģǵʱҪԼʲôע⣬Ҳòôס
Ҳǵ˵ͷµʲôʱ֣
ɶһ۵ԽԽá
ȷѡʱʽ֣һǳʵĻᡣ
ãƬ̣ȥټһ¡
£ҲǲֱӵתڷɵϰգǱóΪ壬ɱ߲񷣡
һͳŭϣڴʲôϢһ㣬ȻƬ֮󣬷ƱǷ֣ܿʼ𽥵һЩޣ߱ܶ
Щɶǰ׷ƵޣȻʱٻ֮£ظϹ
ԼĪǰʱңٻϣ·Ʒ֣Ѿ½½ؾۼԼĪʮͷޣͷϢذ磬ȻǺǵġ
ޣ󲿷ֶΪ֮£ôһĴڣȷǿԶ֡
Ѿ㹻ˣͷޣǿԸȥԸģģǿԶԸһЩ޹Ҫˡ
ʱҲٶȻûΣ˷ƵǰʱЩޣڿû֮󣬸ǲҴĴϢȫһⶼսսسߡ
һĻԿĵλȷЩ֮ϡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǵǼȻĻǾ߰ɡ
£һȺ˺ޣǺƺƵǰţĿȻ
ʱ֮ڣʣʮа𣬶ǾۼһÿϵɫޱȣȻΪַƳһ¡
аøһһڣѾ˷ƵУʧһϱᣬҲǳԲߣ
һĿӺĿֱаȻ𾳵ǿߣȴǲδη壬µֵܣ죬Ϊһ


2853 
аɫ࣬Իش𣬶ԷȻЩɶػˣҵȷҲΪԼӶڷƵУһѲ˸ϵ
ţ˵Щûã֣ǰѷƸסȻ򡣡
ʱҲԱߴԲɲڸܵʱҪǣܹѷƸܻȻǶ
ǸӣҲνĶһǷȻǿλϺҲ޷ֵ⻹ʲôֵģ
ŵ֮ԣҪ֣ǿģϳ֣ڻң£ôܴӦ
ţ֪СӵԱߣһŮӣȥҲӵΪˣƾȷûа취ܻơԵ£Żæ
ûСӿҵĻûа취ֶͬζԸ
аҲǺһ㼸Ը˵ģϾһֶΣȻǱһСӸˣ˵ȥҲΪˡ
ڸô죿ųҪɳǲܵ˵㶼˵ˣİæȫ֣Ҳûа취ԸңǱҪ֮ѹѺˣ
Ǿ͵ȵСԶаһ£ҲСΪ˴ô
˼ǣüͷ
ûҶ⣬ǹ˶ãͻҵʱɾģаҲص
ߣϣ¶ˣ΢һˣաһȻаǳϣɲη壬֮Ҳûжٹ
İɣСӵԸ˽һ챻ѺȻҵ
аЦȻвǶŶ̬ȣǵˣҲֻˣֻҪǶȡַУôͿ뿪طʱνٶˣкιϵ
ˣ
ȻʱһȻش֮գһҴææӰǱܶؽ֮ɫƺǷʲô˵Ĵ¡
ʲôģ˻Żš
ҲɫΪá
ҪҵˣæĻæǽ͵
ţˣаһۣǰһһԼˣ
Ȼˣ
ҲΪ⣬û뵽Ȼ֪ɽлƫɽС
ڽƵ桭ȴһӳƺǲô
ʲôлһ˵
Ŵһص
һͬģΪ׵Զޣ
仰£²аԱߵڶҲһ𺳣
Ҳˣôܣ
ڵĵطŽƵĳ֣޸޷ƿƶѰҵҲΪܹõԵʣȻˣǱЩ޸ݻٵģ
⵽ô£ôҲһˣеŭЦǵڶĴڣȼһڣ½Ǳסˣ
¹۲졭ƺǸһģҲµص˵Լļ⡣
Ȼʱ˸ɫаҧгݵصôܣǼһôǸһ飿
ϢǶԣһǳϢǷǸŮǾΪӦˣʱ˵ټˣ
ƣҲ֪ƾԼ޷κͷҲһ׼ݻôҲǺƹȻǼΪԶԸȻǲճƣܹ˵ڳ˶ԣ顣
Ǻã
ڶŵҲһüͷ¿ǵĴüΪȿµޣȻˡ
ţĺţ˸һȥ
£Ҳǵϣǰƺûа취ȥӱܣⲻܵĻӵеĽƣǵֵĹ֧Ų죬ͻǱ׵شݻ٣
ȻʱĽһǱƻĻô֮бѹЩˣҲֱܹӵǸʱĻ˵ҪˣЩˣǿˡ


2854 ս
ʱɶһޣֱӵؽٵǰ
ͨźŵѻ䣬ƺ׵ؾ֪ڵطȻʱǰһƬɽȣһȴ֪ⲻһֽƶѣͨƣһƬռ䵱С
Ҳû뵽ȻֶΡ
ȷ
ҲһɻصǲţʱվǰҲûвκεĲѰôܹŷ֮ء
ܣ˽ƣܹƵȻһЦû뵽Ȼǲ֪ĽƣǶôֵá
˵ͷҲǳȻĻǻʲô
仰֮ʣڶҲͷƺҪƽһ㣡
żǴ򲻿ڡЩӦ֪ˡҡҡͷЦҪľǣǳˡ
ĶɣʱҲǷŲģѯʵȷǻ
˵û֮Щ˳ֵĻɾǵôһµĴڣöû˿Ļ֮˵ǻзɶޡ
һǽƱ򿪣һֱӵؾܹݻ
ġصƬ֮󣬹ȻϣһƬɽȵϿգһĿռ䣬ȴǶȻظһϸ΢ƳһۣüһĨЦݡ
ⲻô
Ϣ֮ӰҲǳ˷ƵǰΪ׵ĺȻϤˣа
аԱߣһɫɭߣǴϢ²һߣ˵վżߣϢ粻ѡ

һӱǱ˳ҲһЦаˡ
ƣҼǵǸ˵һǰƺΥԼѵͲҶԴô
аɫΪ࣬㻰ڳһηƲһ˶ǰǰɽ֮еһҲǸ˹

аһۣΪɵĲǷƣڷƵһͷȻ
ҪֵĻͶˣûв´ĻҲûǸʸԴ춯֡Ца𣬶زǸԼС˼ǿЦ
ϻǰʲôֱƽ
Ȼʱȴǲͷؿڵףôôˣһ֣Ǵô˵ôϻô
ҲǴɽһԵ޹ʣΪҪҼǵöǰǸǴڶйԼˮˮ
ʱҲע⵽ĻҲǱȭͿص
Ŷ˵Լ
˫ֱۣҲ¶һĨŹֵЦݵǸǿµԼѣʲôϵ
⡭
ĻǾͲû³һѪаֽȻɽԼĪͷͬİڡ
ɵĳ֣ЩɽİȻǲˣƾóộ˭Ҳа֣дİ޶ǳ׵ذ
ͬľͷˣޣǲҪ˵ˡ
ԣܹɽల´ڶ꣬˽˵֮⣬аѹɽޣ
Ա߲ɵ΢΢˳˼аģȻ⵽ΪʲôаҪɽĪʲôܣ
ƽɶϣȻȴһãȻ֮ɫ¶ЩҲǼǲˣҲǵ̾һʵ̫δܹ⿪ˡ
ҲΥԼٿ˭
ʱһЦָԱߵɶаЦɫ֮˷̡
аɻѣǰһֱδע⵽ԱߵŮǺεݣֻ֪һŮȴδϸϣĻ֮Ҳǿʼϸض
Ȼһ̣аڿɶò֮󣬶һ㵣Ǿ֣
ԶԣǼȴһز⣬֮ڣǳΪĴڣ¸ǲʲô顣
ǣаͲһ㣬ʹǧ꣬νǾаһ¿ɶò֮֮𾪣Ϊ֣ɶòȻаһģһ
üͷӿе㲻ˣɵƳһһǹİɡ
Ȼʱаǲ֪֮ӿһĨ־壬⡭аôǡԷνĵֿˣ
Ǻܿ죬а侲ҲǾɶòȻֹסľ㵣ȴǷ֣ɶòȻаһģһʲͬ
а𣬿ǰȺ۵Ĵڣǵж£Ȼ˵
ǣǰɶȴû¶ǵʣҲаɡ
ţае㲻һ
аҲǵòȻһģһǵʣȴȫͬ
üͷҲǷӦ˹ϸ۲죬ȷҲͬа˵һȫûаǵϢ
ɶĪСӹΪҲǺĻƵΪʵӦܵɵŭ
ȻоɲʱȴǹһЦŲţǾ
Աߵķ̲סǷ˷ۣڼǿȷˣǹģöɶݲ²ȥҪ֪ɶݣ֪˲ࡣ
ͬ磬Ҳô֪˵ɵˡ
ȻϢһǴɵһЩǿ߶ǸߣԻǲϧһд۶֤ӺοǰҲɵ֪ԼаǰһУаһģһŮӣȺ׾ǻ˲뵽һЩ顣
Ļ֮񲻶ڸԶᣬǰɶǷа
ˣнƣ
ȻƬ֮£аӰٶǱģǼֱӵٴʧȻĶȴ÷Ƶϲ
Ǹʲô
Ȼܻȥˣ
һ£ҲǽϣЦģҪˣڿɺˣܻȥˡ


2855 ƽƣ
£˵ΪȻҲõ÷ɶо㵣Ȼֱӵزսӣ
飿
ʱ˿̣ҲƿԣԼ˵˼仰ѣȻֱӵתߣ
ô죿
Ҳʵ⡭ǰȫǲǰԤ֮һģһ˵ʱ򣬲Ӧ˫ֵô
ңô֪
Ʒ˷ۣҲƵصǳŵģذɶݸ¶ȥ¿ɺˣϢһǴɵ߶棬¡Ĵˡ
ǰֻǱɼаΪץϧͷֱӵս£ϢǵĶУ֪ʲôķӦ
ڴϢĻǾ鷳ˡ
ʱɶȴǻؿڵɨһܣʱĽƣһȫ򿪵Ļ˹رյˣûа취ȥǡƵ
˵ҲΪЦƣǰаĽƣȻʱ֮ɶվǰȴǱסɸ˿һЦ
Ϣ
ԣ±ǽüͷɫһӵرĻ¡¾鷳ˡ
ɵܲɽжԶϢһǴݳȥɾ㾡еǸ
Ϊа⣡
Ȼа޷ȷɶǷа𣬵ǳаòһģһˣϢȻɾ
һǴɵǿ߸ϹôİæҲûжá
غһƱǳơ⿪֮⣬ܹ취
ͷƬ֮ҲҡҡͷʾԼƵĳ֣ûа취ǰаֲĽƣǸʱа𣬼վƬ۷壬ֶΣױƵ
Ƭ֮ɶؿڵУǺѣ
ԣǰһҲ׷ʵǲʲô
ԣ֮ɶǲٸκιϵȻǰаһһУǰһ꣬ɢ֮䣬ٶȳ֡
һֱǷΪģǰһƵҲǿʼҡɶǰѲȻܣҲǿԻָļ䣬ǵ׻Ƿʲô飬Լǲ
ǿƵ
ɶ뵽İ취ȴ취֮⣬ȴҲûİ취ˣ̫ˣ޷ƽ⣬ܹļ䣬ܹ׶ٵƵơ
ԣƶʱǿƵƣаֲģ˵ˣȻúǰҲǲ˵ǵܹǿƵаĽơ
һ㣬۵ǿߣǼˣҲûգ
Ϊа̫ǿˣǿһ˶ֻĵزȻҲܹһ֮ǽȸ˹
ƣûǿ󡣡
ʱɶص֮˸һâԼƣǰĿռ䣬һظֶһε赲ǰ
ƵȷǺǿȥˣǿʱǰվ𽥵ɶƽصƣѾûǰ޷ݻٵĳ̶ȣڿȥȷǺǿֻҪܵһ޶֮ƾͻֱӵر
֮󣬲ɵ˳˼֮Уɶ˵Ĳûд䣬ǿĴھʱ䣬ʱǰȻ绪ʶôˣվʱϴ֮վǻһĨ˶ѡ
ƣ˵꣬еȻûǰǿ󣬵ȻˣΪƾǴʱҪƣеǿ
ǣǰȴΪżȥƵĻһǰϢȥʱɵǿ߶㳲ǾؼǴɽ
Ǹʱ򣬱ǾˣԼǳ׵֮УҪİϸƬ֮󣬷Ҳ¶˾ģΣܵһԣǰǵĻᣬֻôһ
ˣҲ͵صɴ۾˼صаֲõĽƣ˵㣬Һûа취Ƶ
Σ
ҲǳǱҪ飬Ҳǲ룬ʱһɵǿ߽ڴɽ㻹õȥ
ǲƺ⣬ҲЦڶǶԣȷ޷ԵеĴڣǡãеǿ߽֮ʣû취ô
ҺǿԼġ
Ҳһ㶣Ǳ
ղΪǻνԼ
ԣҲҡͷЦȻ棬ʵǿЦ
ʱһ£ȷͬ˵ղΪǵаǰزԼһ£Ȼɵǿ߽ڴɽҲǵõù
ǿ㲻ɷϣǣɵǰǿ󣬾Ͳʲôˡ
ҲʳһǸˣľ档ҲǼЦ㵱ûѡֻǸһ𣬰ĽƵȻȥȡ裬뿪ɽ
ģ
ʱһֻں֮⣬ǰʯͷԼĽš
µͬ˵ûѡֻǴӦơ
ãҴӦ㣡
ҲһԣҲûа취ֻǰǰĽƸƵ֮ٸȡ裬ɵǿ߽֮ǰ뿪ɽ
ƾҵ㹻Ҫǣ
ҲָһޣȻҪЩ޵ò˵ôһӴһ˵ǿԱһЧƸֱӵشݻٵ
ɫҲתЩȺŭһ´ʲôһ㣬Ƭ֮Щ޷׷ŭһ
ֻаʱܰʱ֮󣬽ΣҶҪ뿪ȻӦ˷ƣȻǵɵǿ߽٣ҲԼĹǡ
ʱһûа취ƵƣôǷνѹҲҪת뿪һɵǿ߽٣ǵȽɲԳϵ


2856 ͥ
£ȶ֣ҲֱӵԻ˱𣬶ʱһ̺ŰϢ޴Ӱһ񷣬ͬһƬһ㡣
ֱӵɢµͬҪһ㣬µڲϵž˵Ĳһ̣һɫЯżΪµƣȻشӰ֮нٶ£
ƺɶһۣ¶˾㵵ɫһĶ˼ɵҪӦĻΪԶԸ
䣡
ɫֱӵؽ·ݺݵײһƬյĿռ֮УȻûأȴǱһֿӲ
ʱһƬ޵ĿռɢµһһƬ򣬶Ǹֳһ͵âһܣȻӲصֵסĽ
Ȼûоʹ˷ɫĻڳţһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ȴûа㶯ҡһжһƬػš
֮ڣ׵ؾǱаڣ˵ʵķǶľƵĴڣһ֮£͵ǼΪƽء
ôϢȥô
ʱҲһ侲֮ɫش֮˳ƳһĹƣҲǵ˵ͷѾϢȥǵȵ֧Ԯµǰ֮󡣡
죬㹻ˡаЦҪƽƣǲȻǿ߽޴ӣ
ȻһεϢ»ǾɵˣһаòһģһŮӣѾ֮ڵڶ೤һ֣
Ǹʱ򣬾ڴͣҲûκεóѵĻᣬɵǿ㳲ܹжôؿֲֻ
ϣ˰ɣǵɾư
Ҳ૵ص֪ΪΣӿһĨͷơԣǵаö£ֶͨΣƣȻǲ׵رƣȻȿµޣҲǲ⡣
аѾǹȥ꣬棬ƺпΪʱܵȻһĳǵƾ͵ֵסǡ
Ψһܹľǣల£κ⣬֧Ԯ֮ǰƾǲܱƣȻǵȺ롣
ˣڣ¶һܹ⣡
ȻʱңԶһɽ壬ɽ֮һ޴йͬƼͥһ㣬߸߸ϣ
žޱȣͬһˣƬ֮һҫ۵ĽâȻسһϵŮ쳹йļž
˼ͥ
̵һ仰ͬƽĺ涪һʯӣһ̣ʮϢõض˲Ϊ֮ʧɫ
ͥй룬һãΪͥȻ£ͥ棬˲ӿʮӰһðһ㡣
ʮӰϢǰ粻ѣǷ磬»𺳣ɣȻǿĵ̣
ڴģһŮӣȻٴεĻԻϳɵߣʦ
˺£Ϊΰ˻
һϵش͸ҲǺ棬ƽǶǸԱչأǷʲô£ĻһΣ˶ǻʵǺټ
аһаһģһŮӡ
ʱ߸ϵߵؿڵңΪҪľǣŷһ𡣡
ƣǲһСϺ׶ѣа¾Ȼû׽ס
Ҳߵһĺ󱲣ʵȤ
ҪСǶпƣһﲻһˡҡҡͷҪĵǣһаһģһŮӡ
㲻ǻаɣ
˷ʣƺе㲻ʵ
ǣаûסĻҲǸСӵߡ
£Ҳǳ֣ƺǲߵƲ⡣
ȴһƽûзǴеʧ֮󣬲ƽص漮ϼعаڳߵľʱʧܣһֽ߻ħ״̬ΪѰƽִ̤ǧ쳾Ȼкпǻʧȥ֮ģǸаһҪ
ߵƲ⣬ҲõһӰô˵ûпܵ飬ϾаϣûܹɱȻ궼ûаϢкпܣаԼǼǲԼ˭ˡ
ҲǶɣ
ߵ˵ͷɽЩޣƺŻҪֶƽ֪ǵаֽǺˣΣٵĻٲ֮ز
ʲôǼͷޡȻҪû٣
һҲŭȵֱǲ̣аڵʱЩңѵѾǵаǵô
ûҾáһ
ʱߵؿڵɳ̫ˣʱһͷ޶ܹǵͷϣˣˣɣͥ˭ġ
Ҫô
£һȺҲΪȻǰʱ䣬ͷսʵϣĶû̫Ķһֱš
ȻƺѰҵаôҲټɵʲôƾŵֵͥôһһ䣬Ҳ˵ľȻͷҲǣ
һȥƽɽ
֮ߵؿڵ֮䣬ƺһ־ǿţ
ɽǺεȵطۼǿԶޣиͷǿİУݹͷҲǲȾٶ
ǣһΣҪͬʱ棬ɣվص֮ϣ
˻һеϢǱֱߵĴ֮£ֵͥǿ߶һڿնĿĵأȻǴɽ
ʱ磬ͷǿߣҲиӦ̧ͷƺǲʲôػһԯͷҲǿһ۴ɽķҡҡͷĬ
վҪô㣬Զ㲻
һ˭֮棿£ǿ߶ܹһɹɼΪǿϢ𽥵ѣ


2857 
ɵǿ߶ǴΪµϢ֮綼˾ûܹ֪Ƿʲô飬Ȼ˲²⣬ǷǰͲסҪͷս
ǹǣһ£ͷûκαʾػһ嶼Ǳ˳Ĭ̬ȣõò˶︡˸ֲ²⡣
Ȼʱڴɽ֮УҶĽڼƬ֮ǳ׵طˣΪǿֶ֮Ҳûз֣Ƴְɶļ
ⲻò˵аֶ̫Ͳõġ
У̫ˣ޷ƽ
ҲҡҡͷⲢΪ㹻ǵа̫ǿˣȻǹֶ꣬ΣҲܹƽġ
ƲûǾɥɶһۣɶҲ̤һֵɶʩչֶΣϾĽƣļʧȥǴڡ
ƣųųɶɶĻſԡ
ɶҲ˫ֻؾ𣬿ʼ͵âǼ䣬͵â˫֣Ȼɶ˫ȴǻغʮһ̣Ȼػ貶ĿĹâ
һɼΪµɶֶΪ֮ʧɫҲǲɵ΢΢ظصɫаȻʧȥȥ˼䣬ǿǴڡ
һǿȵز
ɶû̷ڼţһɹɸΪµϵʱ˿̣ɽޣǸоһΣյĸо
ŭһԴľ֣ǵ壬ɶʱЩ޶ǷǳϤ֮ǰһŮӵӰɱɽõΪ֮
ƺٶȳֶ
ƱֳĬƳһɶҲغһɶ޷ƵĻ¾ʩչ˿Ҳ޷
Ȼһ̣ǰȻһΪˣԼǰһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬ʱ˸Ӧһ㣬ϵನֲɢķΧΪ㷺ǰܹȵġ
Ϸ
ҶҲǰһɶĽȷǺпýƳѺۣҪƵƣеѶȵģϾ񲢲ȫʢʱȡ
ʱ֮ڣֵĲҲõڶǿһǲϵĽƣнڲ²⣬⵽ô£
ΪλǿҵĲ
аɫҲҲԼŲĸоͷȥ֧Ųסʱ֮󰡡
ô˵ǶǼȥ·
Ҳҧû·ߣֻܹصԮĵһǽԮ֮ǰƵĻôֻܹսΪƾһˣܹǶŷǳ֮
˵һͬаһģһŮ𣬶ҷƵĴڣҲǲܹӣȻһȴܹܱҲ˵ҪסƣµҪ𼶱ǿߣҲ֡
ôԶޣзֳһһǵеʾò㹻ˣһǽƱƵսҲص̫á
ţǳɡ
ʱаҲѾûκˡ
УҪأ˶ң˭ҲеΣ
ʱȴҡͷԵ֮УѺɵˣЩ˵Ϊͣһǳѳһң
޷ص֧ԮȻػʲôãͷ³һ
аҲŭȵôԽսˣʧˣôܹôȻᣬֱӵ̤ƽ
Ϊ֮£˹ѺЩ֮⣬һѹĳЩȻǶ⵽ʲôǵõаԶѹĶܹԸô
£Ҳ˳Ĭ֮УƬ֮ҡҡͷҲǻ˻֣˳Σܹ÷Ƶ˵óѣֻҪذʱǵǷƾͷűҲӲ


2858 һ
֮ڣ˶ǾۼһͼܹƵ˵ֶΣΨһܹľǣƲ㱻ĻٵĽһս
֮⣬ɶǿµ𣬵ʱƣɶҲʮֵؿ£ûֹͣţһ֣ؽǿһ
غһƾãҪɶֵһ˲䣬ԼҲӦִһΨܹųİգܹƣ
һΣҪֻһλᣡ
·ҲǻתͷƳһղ˵ȷûţǲֶΣһＴʱҲš
Ĭһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôӴٶ̾ڰ֮УȻһΣĿУȴǳֳһ̾޴ĺɫӣ
úɫӣȴżΪµĻ֮
飡ı飬ԣΪҪĶֻҪ鲻ͲԿóǶôҪĶȻһ鶼óȻҲҪʵ
һĻҲǵ˵ͷڲҲǻر˫ҪɶĹڣλǿ֣ǿһ
޷Ƶƣôֻԣ˶ûа취Ƶƣô˵ֶˣ
£ڳŴ߶ſȻսһǳ֣ôƵһǿԲԼ
ǣʱȴĥսĿԴʱԣǲҪøǿΨܹǻƵļʣ
һּž״̬֮УԱżΪµûпȥᣬУϵſ
֮еϵذտеľϽתȻһΣҪĲսҪøߵǾǿأԱıս
Ҫģ
һһεתȻкüΣܹɹشսǷƶֱӵطˣڲϵسԣͼǴıսĳ֣
Ȼʱֵľ統УɶҲǼţһУڵȺһʵһ֣ôֱǿһ֮ʣ
ʱɵǿߣѾǺƺƵشͥ磬ܹܵǿϢͷʵǱֳĬƬ֮ƺھһ֮ҲǿʼȻص˸Ե
ػһҲǲ⣬׷ٻǿߣۼһ
磬±һַĸоûܹ˵⵽׼Ҫʲô顣
ڣɵǿߣںƺƵظɽЩǿߵٶȶǼΪѸ٣ԷƵеʱ䲢࣬ɲɣֻһεĻᣡ
ڴɽ֮ڣԼĪƬ֮ɶǻ˫ۣɶƺѾҪ飬˫ͷƵľٶҲ˹
£ҪִǿһĽ࣬ԵɶҲûżų֣ھصȴţͶ貵âȴͬһȵâһ㣬˿µĲ
Ƭ֮׼ȻҲˣ鲻ϵطţƵĿϢҲڶ޶һ־ֵɫѪľ֣
ʱɶڵȴŷơ
ֻҪǷһ׼ϣôҲǿ˲ط˽ʱǲЩ쳣εĽƣʱĲҲԽԽǿңΪزѰ
һ˲䣬һ꣬ƳԼʶ֮У֪ǹ˶ãһ̣ĶȻһ֮гֳһĸо
ָоΪ֮˷ܣΪԼҪ飬ˣ
£ƻԼƣޱУһĨľɫâһһ̣ƶȻ˫ϢüΪؿ񱩣
ɱ䣬ɶ͵һԷϵǿõǶǸоΪ죬ѹû뵽ƾȻܹ˿µһ
ְɡ
ʱһ䵭ĻӷƵĿдϢѾͬڵĻһ㣬Ҳ޷ѹֶסûа취ٵȥˣ˵±Ҫ֣


2859 Ƴ
£Ѿǳɹ˿أһԼһž㹻ģһһǱǿһȣ
ɫڲϷϵŻâɶ˫Ƶ͹â֮ȴǳżǿһʩչ½л֮ܡ
·ƵƶȻ˶㣬һ̣ɶǳ֣͵âȻػһѾ޴Ĺ⽣߸ߵؾȻȻ£
һ֮ҲõһƬضΪ֮ʧɫһƬεĿռ䣬ȴ쳣Ĳһһ㾧״εֱǸֶȻɶĽƣǲһΣա
ڹ⽣Ȼµһ˲䣬Ӳ֮ҲһɫĹ鶸ȻرЯżΪµȻ£ʱ˿̣Ļһɫ棬ȵϢһ˲ɢɽܵӰ죬Ҫһ㣡
˾ĶǵҲõɽ׵ر
еˣʱ͵һȻֱӵµŽƵĴڣǵ˾ֵĲڳֶ֮ʣҲõһֽĸо
ûнƵĻһǽΪƽˣ
⡭ƣܹ赲ô
аҲǶе㲻ˣҲѹ֣Ͼ˵һʵ̫ˣȻа𱣴ȥֵܹ꣬Ҳһδ֪
ӦÿԡʵҲûжףǰҲֻӲؼȥеĻٵģֻһսˡ
䣡
һ죬Ȼش֮ڶҡβѣĻھֵؿϷԭаĽػǻΪǾ԰ȫˡ
£ɫҲֱӵغ֮ϣȻһûֱӵػ֣÷Ƶڼţ
ԼĪƬ֮󣬶Ȼһϸ΢ֱӵس˵ĶУ·׶Ȼؽ¶һϲɫ
ǡǽƳѺۣ
ţҲϸɨһ޵Ŀռ䣬ȻǷ֣˺һΧԭ̲ɴݻٵĽƣʱȴǸһ˿˿Ѻۣ
ţǵ㹻ԴһƬƵģ
ϣƳѺۣ
Ȼʱȴ˷ܵŭһʾɶǧǲͣĻһùʱֹͣƳֵѺۣ»Ѹٵ޸ʱҪƳѺۣǾˡ
ʱҲŭһʮͷҲǼ룬ϾܹҲǲһǲУܹƵƵļʣͻǴܶ࣡
£ʮͷԶҲһֱӵس˹ʩչŸԵֶΣƽ˳
ʱ֮ڣа˵ɫѾǳ׵رˣȻҲǿ˽𽥳ֵѺۣѺ۵𽥵ӣǹ˶ãĽƣͻᱻֱӵƵ
ôôܣ
ʱλ󣬶žֵؿճֵһѺۣǽƳ⣬ȻЩѺ۲֮ʣǽƱ֮ʱǸʱǽǺ·
ʲô취ֹܹѺ۵ɢô
аҲǳʵǼûˣԴУҪѰҳһİ취
ûУתģа٣Ļû˿Բơǧ꣬ȻҲǷǳ˽ƣԴʱǼûκζӦİ취
غһаҲ˫¶һ׺ݵɫ˻֣ǽΨսֻҪְʱԮܹ
ʱһƬηɶѣ˶ĵطΪһǴ޷Ǳڴ˵أֱȥ
һڰη棬ɫƽĴȴǶȻ˫¶΢΢㵵ɫƳһ۳֮Ҳ˳˼¡ˡ
ô
´ԺҲ˸һӰҲԳһЦصôأӦȵĳ˰ɣôΪңðսأ
ҡҡͷҲٶ˼žУصţȴ˿⣬Ĳ塣


2860 ս
棬棬ʱǿԺظо𽥵رݻ٣ûκ⣬аòκӦİ취𽥵رǵ˵ֱ֮£һرš
ȻԼĪǳңһƬĽƣƺǳܲסˣڷƵ˵֮£һĽƣ
ڽһ˲䣬ƵǳһĽƣǱֽˣûа취Ƶֻת뿪ˡ
ǵʱ䲻࣬ƽҾˣҪĶɣ
ʱƵ֮󣬷ҲƳһصǵĽҲǵ˽ˣԽѰҪĶ
Ȼ˵仰֮󣬷ɶһۣҲֱӵر棡
ףСӲǻӦҪҾݵô
һ£Ҳˣڽн֮ǰһǴӦҪԼһݵģȻһôܵˣϸһ£뵽֮ѹҲǺٺһЦܹõĻҲǿȥ
ϣǣƽ
£ҲŭһֱӵԻ壬Ӳؾǳ˽ȥ
Ȼڽһ̣λҲǽս״̬¿ȽǷƣаҲ˫۱һĮŭȵɱ
һΣûг֣෴֣а׼Ӧɶ
ȻǶûע⵽ڷƵ󣬻һȺƺƵΪ׵Զޣʱس˽ǵȳνǼΪػңһƽǧͬһһ̣׵Ƿ
ƿǽӽʮڵҲǺٺһЦԵطŻһ½ŲβЩԶ޸˹ȥһ־ھˣڶڵˡ
ЩޣȻûвƵС˼ȻȺҪ·ƣȴôһ޳˸Ϊսĵز֮С
һĻҲЦûκεĳɣֱӵ֮УΪʵһＲܶȥ
ڽ֮ʣֱȥҲΪżĿģѹŭһҪֱӵظϣǴʱȴǶȻع
ƻ֮ԼҲûк³ģ
ݵصЩԶ£ƾɶˣûǿԳƽƣ˵֮ڣҳһˡ
ЩҲ룡
ǺεǿߣȻΪͣûаڣĿѹҲǲھ
ȴ϶ֱӵڣȥ
ȻŭҲû˵ֱӵض֣һʱƬ̣Ҫ𣬿ҲҲΪꡣ
ڲ֪ʱɵԮǵû̫ʱ˷ѣһξͿǿˣԵҲǱսپֱ̬ӵضƴ
ʱѾǰЩȻ·һЩۻҪԼǶ⣬ֱӵرԼֱһȥ
ҵǣڽ뽨֮ʣȴûܵκνƵҲ֮һΪаĽػţ˸ǲֵ
ƽʱмΪǿأѹûлѣˣҲûа취һηƵĳ֣ȴǵ߸һ档
ûκνƵֱӵؽҲֱӵֱȥӳһƬڰؿһη
û֮ѺɵˣŷƵĴƬ˲֪ǿʼ궯ѰҴĹ֮Уע⵽ˣвǿߣǵ϶ţ޷ѡ
ҳȥ
ҡ
ˣҳȥ
һȵУȴûǣĿǴ죬ˣûκιϵ
죡
£ʱȣҶѰһ£ȴûзִӰҲǲɵŭĻϵصţһ䣬Ǳ־ĴϡںԼ֡



2861 ˭ң
죬ѺĵطȻɧȻҲΪ죬ȴûΪԼйأʱ˿̣ԼԼ֮УںԼ֣ǰϤ
ȻǷƣ
´컺վϵҲǷ˴̶죬ɫ΢΢¶˼ΪԼ˴ǶߵĺԽԽ֪Լûгִ
Ƿˣˣ
ϲ֪ôԼʱ飬֮ʥŮΪⰵ޹ӣѾܹˣÿ춼ܹȻÿһζԼֻѣô
ȻȴǳУ֪αԼɵǵͻȻؾã磬ΨֻзƲŻԼİΣ
ΧֲָĿռ䲻ϵǰжȥһߺɶ֣Ȼȴûа㷢֣еĶֻĺȴûԼҪȵˡ
ѵϲƭң
·ҲǲɵһĨɣԼѰãȻȴûѰҵ죬ĿܣǴѹﱻѺ
ȻڷﾪɲʱͻȻһȻͣ˽ŲƺǺܶ죬ѵԼʶ֮ˣȻ棬Լʶģ¾ֻдһ
죬ôǷƣ
ƶȻŭڰη֮вϵػţȻѾԼز²⵽ˣ⸽
ƣ
Ƭ֮һҲǴߴͣһ£΢΢Ӧһȷλ֮ҲǶȻر߼Ƭ֮ͣٶ
죬ô
ͣһڰηǰȻȴǿһȫ۵ŮӣʱֽŶţһϤڴעԼ
ơȻҡ
ûʱڷǰĵȷǴ죬´ϲǲ֪˵Щʲôһֱ־ԼȻȴǲҶ룬Ϊ֪ƲȻ죬ȴʵسǰ֪α
ңģˡ
ƿ죬ҲȻһЦ˴Щ֮Լ¶˺âɵҧгݵصȺ㣿
Ȼʱȴʲôһ㣬±ǼæصƣߣﻹǶǿ١
һЦû£Щνʱͷأȥ
£ŭһԼƣżΪ貵ľɫâһ˲佫ڰĵγ׵ҫ͵ػ£ǰЩûκЧ
ȻʱȴǳˣڴϵЩԼȻƲǶǴ֮ȻЩȴ˿ʱ÷Ʒ
̺֮޷ƽһָΪѡ
ʱҲɫصȫʢʱڣȻǲᵣһ㣬ȻѺˣеΪʱرԼƿصʱ䷨ǱʱһûаŮӡ
ָһ㶣ҲʲôȻʱһŭǴӱõ÷ƺʹɫ͵һ䡣
ƣԭ⣡ɣ
һϮ·Ҳ͵ԼƣͶȥһһƬ貵ľɫâҲǶȻظ֣һϸ΢ɢ
λƵֵһιȻתȴǷ֣סԼģһۻӣˡ
ǶţĿǰͷҲǵȻһ
ţЦҡҡͷһźѻˣң
ʲôѻˣ´¶˾㵵ɫַƵΪչƺ͸ʹڵǱȻΪ˳ȫһš
Ȼʱӷƿе֪ѻˣβ𺳣
Ӧú׵ģȻѣӦš
·Ҳǻͳ˸ŹâĶֱӵصݸ˴죬תԶţ쿴ԼеȴǶȻһ㶣һֽɫһɫʱ䷨ſռ䷨
ַô˷Ƶ
´Ҳ벻͸ȻͻȻѻǱɱôڷƵҲǲΪ档


2862 
ӡ
Ҳ֪ʱҲûκӣһֱģҲֱӵ̲ҪķѶʱ䣬ֻҪһôǿеѵЩ
Ƶ˵ͷӣ㹻ˣҲǿĶţǲɵǸһĨЦлظһ־ɫâ˵˲ɢ
ŵɫüΪأ֪ƺǿǿܹɱַӳĺѻҪԷƵĻʤ㲻󣬵û·
ɽһڣѺˣûһܹ߳ȥҲ𣬼һ޷зƣҲǲܹ÷ƴ뿪
㲻ҵĶ֣סҡ
ƵصǰĶţȻǺǿΪľԼ֮ϣȻȴδη壬Ϊܹأһս֮£ŸסԼ
֪ǵ㡣
ųذ˽ƣһ̣ҲǶȻضһѺ˸ĳʱĵ֮УҲΪ˸âĳ֣Ӷøӵ䡣
Ȼˣһзֳɡ
Ƴһ۶ţҲҡҡͷû̫ʱӣȻ΢΢ر˫ĬĬش߶ſһΣҪһɹǿɾıս
ò˵Լڿһ¥֮󣬶ڴԣԽԽˣ²֮󣬷ƱǸ֪ԼѾǳɹش˿
͵˫ͬʱǶҲ̤еĺ˸ĳһţֱƶȥ
ŭһֱһȭȥľɫâǼ䣬ȫسУһ̣ǿҵҪڰƷһ㡣
䣡
һ֮£ƵҲŶеĳ͵ײһƬ֮󣬿µನϵɢƺҪڰη׵Ϊƽأ
Ϣ֮µƽϢȻһӰȴǶȻر
ͬʱһѳɶݺݵز˲Զĵ֮ϣ֮ϣǸֳ˶Ѻۣ
ˡ
һƵӰҲ˲سǶŵǰȫѪ۵Ķţ˫顣
ǿ¶һЦݣ֮еȴ𽥵ʧˣȻĴ۾
㡭ܲ˵ģǡˡ
Ƕ֮ǰ˵һ仰ȻҲüͷſ˵ָ˭ҲغһĴϡ
ʱ֮нâϵţŲϵַ򣬴˵ϢҲǲϵطű仯Ƭֽ֮ɫâ𽥵
ʱȴǶȻ˫ͫȴһ߽ɫһɫ
ôʵǵʱ䲻࣬Ǿ뿪ԣǾ뿪ɽ
ˣоԼҪͻˣ
´ҲһЦصػĸо̫ˣȻҲһϵӦϣ޷ƣһǸˣָˣҪϵ׾١
һϵĽƶԶ
Ȼʱѵ֮ҲǶŷƵ
Ҫе㲻ԵؿŴ졣
ûв´ĻɿҪˣǽûŪøӻһ㣬뿪ͻǸЦŵ
ƻȻԭˣȷһ취Ƕŵʬ֮ϣһɫ򣬵һܣˣ
飡
еĺɫӦ飬ɫһ飬Ǵ˷ܵŭЩѺˣԭΪⰵյȻʱ˿̣ȴڵػɣ
ߣ
·ƺʹҲûκγɣֱӵһۣ˵嶸Ȼرֱڶȥǵʱ䣬Ĳˣɵǿߣʱпܽ٣
Ȼ÷Ƴ֮ʣֵȷһƬңǳսԶ֮սɶҲаţΪƱƿһЩҲǳû룬ƬطǱûޱȣ
ǾȻƻ
¿Ƶ˵ĳ֣а۾ɴˣʵ޷ܡ


2863 ȫ
˵챻ȳа㵲ѣôԶԣıѺǿ߶ǱͷŶаг׵˾ɫ
ȴûжʱȥа𣬵Ŵ˸ɶߣһۣҲǵ˵ͷҲ⣡
䣡
ʱڲԶһ촫ǻһĽƳһۣȻǰһնɱˣҲע⵽˷ơ
٣ѾȫͷŶˣʱɲˡ
ҲǵЦ
˵ȻҲ֪ʱĽȣûƣֱȥƺҪȡѹ
ߣ
ʱа𣬿ҪߣҲŭһ˫ֳ֮ɫµǱһξٶΪƽˣ³ҲǲõȥҲסˣ
Ϊһס˷ˣȵɵǿ߽֮ʣôԼҲи汳ģ
ϲģš
Ҳɫаƴһս⵹õеԶԸ
ɱ
ɶȻʮֵعϣֱӵ֣һеԶԸʱ򲻽ɱĻһǵȵɵǿ߽ٶ˶ˣ
ŴһۣҲǵ˵ͷамܲסԭɶһˣҲǷǳسοʱǼ˷ƺʹ졣
֮ҲǸһĨɱ⣬һԼôǱΪ
£Ƭ̵ʱ䣬аٶǱնɱȻʱλ˵ˣһʱ֮䣬νҲǳ׵ػޱȡ
ߣ︡һĨĸо
ȻʱƶȻȵղĸһĨΣյףȻС£пΪɵǿ߽ٵ˴ɽ
߶ߣ֪һڶߡ
´ҲǳΪɵʥŮҲ˽һЩ飬ҲǼæصʱʱһΪԼزһλʦϢ
ǾͶߡ
쳣ϣһۣҲǷɱ߶ȥŰӣΪһͣƬ̣ôпܾͻٲ֮ز
֮еĻңڼŷ˵ȥԭĻʼ𽥵ʣµֻ޵
ԭڴɽ֮ϵʱ˿̣ȴأ
Ƭ֮󣬶Ȼ֮£һضǿʼ΢زţһɹǿ˽޷ϢȻؽٶ£
һӰƿնȻΪ׵ĺȻ֮ߣ
ǰһĻ֮ʣɵǿߵɫǳ׵߻ߵɱЩޣ
Щǿ߱Ƿ׷׶֣ȻǰЩԶޣȻɵǿǰûаķ
𣡡
һŭȻһ޴ӰȻش֮г˳Ȼ
ģСӿң
Ҳǰ¿ɺãԼȻǵĵȻԼΧˣ
ŹӣҪûͻΧֱӵ뿪ɽ
ߣҲзݣͼȾָ
֮ҲһԳ֣ǿߣһǽض
һονǿˣǲܿǿֻܹ߳뿪Ҳҧҧֱӵ׳˵õֵȻԼֶΣ׵֮У뿪һƬ磡
׷ˣ׷㹻ˡ
ҲüͷʱЩҵԶҲǱɱòˣҲ˶ûͷųˣ׷˸ɱۣһ
أ
ȻҲһЩѯʵһɲΪΪа
Ϊ˾ȴ죬Ȼֲ֪һѡ˶ߵĳڣ׷
֮ҲǺһǱΪƽأһƳɹˣɳ˶ʧ
ΣҪѷƸץסȻĻһɿνǳ׵ض档
£Ĵ֮£һǿʰĲо֣һǸһǸ˶ߵķȻҪ׷ŷƣ
ʱ˿̣ɶдˣѾڼǰǲŰӣɵǿѾǽٵɽǺп׷ԼӣǾѰ


2864 ׷ɱ
һ·п񱼣˲ŰӣȻƬ֮ҲֱӵزԼضɼΪǿϢȻɵǿߡ
ǾȻֱӵ׷
·ҲüͷɲһСģȻǶԣһȺ𾳵ǿߣһȫ׷ϣҪ׷ǣ¡
£
ȻʱɶȴͻȻسܹһӳȥļʣȻһ㣬ΪԼز²⵽ЩɵǿߣƺΪԼ
ѡĻһЩЧܹһʱ̣ȻǿԳᣬֱӵ뿪ɽ
УԲУ
ֱӵؾܾ³ʲôȻҲôɶȻһɽǾһ뿪
ɶ΢΢һЦڷģҲҡҡͷ֮£ҪΪ˷ƣ
ʱ򣬴ǿڵа취
·Ҳ㣬ǰһҲʵʲô취
ͬɶҲ΢΢Ƴһ۴죬ȻҲǶеİ취Ǹооɻ
ͬʱʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨֮䣬˰̬а취üͷҿԹһʱ֮ţͨĴͣɽ
ʱ֮ţ
΢΢һ£ѵʱ䷨İ̬
Ҫʱ䣬һ߼ǰһ߽ʩչ컺ص
ҪãƳʵǵʱпܱ׷ϣʮֵΣ
Ӿͺá
ŵصʱ֮һǾ޷ԤϵǱ͵ʲôط
ԣƺɶҲסˣҲУȻ޷ƿش͵ķ
΢εصǿԵģҪһ꣬ȥĵطȻҸûκεطֻ꣬漴͡
ˣֻҪ뿪ɽ͵طҲΪ壬Ͼ˵绹ʲôطǲȥģ·Ҳ˫һЦȻ˵ĻǾ㹻ˡ
뿪ɽǾͻǰȫ࣬ڱ͵ʲôطǲҪ̫ĿǣȻ˵ӦΣգֻҪǲЩɵ׷ɱɡ
ţǾ죬Ƭ̾ͿԡԣҲǵ˵ͷҲֱӵ˫һֽɫɫâһɹµ
غһҲ΢΢ر˫Ȼ֮У˵ٶȴδǵ󣬰ϢԽԽǿҡ
ʱ磬ȺǿҲȻض֮УͨźһǵͬҲǿߣһονǰĵ̸س˳
һΣǰȥɽҪӦơ𻺻صûв´ĻѾǳɹؾˣɵǿߣȻǽڴɽ
ǾȥɣҵҲ뿴ǧȥˣɵĵ̵Ŷô¡ͨҲһ˱Ҫ׼ǰȥɽӦơ
ʱһϵȴǵõΪ֮һ㶡
ȥɽˡ
ԯȣͨͺһۣҲüͷΪΣ
ΪҪˡԯ΢΢˫ƺܹδһ㡣
ѵܹôǿ߰Χ֮ҲɻصȻɶĴڣȻҲܣһɿǵ̾ӿֵǿߣΪ֮𾪡
ʱſռĽһˡ
ԯҲҡҡͷ˵ĻԼرʲôҲǶͨϹȥˣûбҪȵĵ̸¶ȥûв´Ļ֮ɾͻǳ׵Ƕˡ
ͨԣҲǵ̾һȥһ˴ɽȻԯߵ˵ôҲǷͷϾȵ̣ҲǿΪһƵĴڡ
ңһΣɵĵ֣̾ҲõǶһ˽⣬ǰؿ¡
ڴɽ֮ڣ֮ѾԼظܵ˷Ƶ˵ϢҲһĨɫԭΪǺܿǿԿа
аɶԣɾһһĴڣаܹعɵĻôȻ壬ػһ壬ɣҲȻǲη壡
һаôɾǿžǿ̬磡


2865 ʱ֮
ȻһУʹаܹعǰ֮£
Ǿǰ棡Բ뿪ɽ
֮ҲǳصΪһ뿪˴ɽôҪ׷Ѱǣ¾Ͳˡ
ǿĿռ䲨
һǿҲ͵̧ͷǰǰ˵һǿռ䲨
ʱ䷨֮ҲǳһʱͿռַͬʱʹãǵʲôΪӵΪɣҲǲһǺ϶ΪһӵʲôЧ
˷ƵĪѾǾؽ˴죿һҲɻصΪһ壬Ƿʲô飬Ǹǲ֪
Ӧǡ֮ҲƳһǰٶȣûл뿪ɽˣ
ȷմʱٶȶԣȻŷƵ˻Ǿһξ룬ǲƬ̣ǵٶȶԣܹܿ׷ˣϾ˫ľڷ
Ȼʱʱ̵עڶϢЩϢԽԽӽҲ¶һֵ֮ɫȻƳһ۴죬ʱŽâһɹµĲ֮дݶ
ʱڴ֮УŽɫֽȻͬ໤ںһ𣬿ӣֻҪںϳɹܹǹνʱ֮ˡ
ʱ֮ŵĻôǾ˲뿪ɽ
ɶɫҲޱȣʱʱƳһۺ󷽣ȴȻ¶˾ģȲ֮ʣֱӵһȺǿߣԱǸȡ㹻뿪ʱ䡣
ɵϣһɽģҾǲġ
ƴʱҲע⵽ɶɫ仯Ҳ΢΢һЦɶģô²²ⲻɶ֮䣬ǿΪ˴˸ˣǵǾԲɶ
ɶǿЦЦԽˣԽǼᶨеͷҲȻתȫҪʱ̣ǶȻֱתء
ˣϾͺã
ȻʱҲǳƿһۣеֽâȴѾǿҪںˣҲǻһЦֻҪʱ֮һɹȻǲҪˡ
׷ˡ
Ȼʱɶȴƽصɶ֮ʣһضȻһɹӴѹѹ֮£ɶûʲô仯ǷŴȴ嶸Ȼسٻܵʲôһ㡣
УǽһƬռ䡣ƽüͷһĨͷ
û£ٸƬʱ䣡ǽ˿ռ䣬ʱ֮Ҳǿƿնȥ콹صʱеҪںϣҪһʱ䣡
뿪ɽ
ȻʱһŮȻҲǻڷƵߣƬ̣ǿҲ׷ֱӵؽס˷Ƶ˵·
غһ֪ƺҲûʲô취ˣԱǷ˼ǰУͣתЩɵǿߡ
ڸʱ䣬㣡
ҲǴȻֻҪȡһʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
£ǵȥ·أǿΧסǣΪ׵֮ߣƳһ۴ҲûǽɶϣϸرƬ֮Ҳǹصаˣӭعɵġ
μа𣡡
һȺǿҲǵȹ£ȻǶɶԣڽѾ϶ɶǵа
ϴˣҲʲôа𡣡ɶʮƽƳһߵ
ʱһЩ飬ҪǻͥȻǻǵһˡ֮Ҳǻ̧ͷһɶʱɶȷа𣬵ͬǣڼǲκ飬ԼݣȻֻҪܹͥĻȻа취аָļ䡣
Ըˡ
Ȼʱȴǻ̧ͷһĨŹֵЦݣõɵǿ߶һ㶣һЦʲô
Ȼһ̣еɽɫǳ׵ںһµһֱ̣ӵ˺ǰĿռ䣬γһѺۣ
ʱ֮ųˣߣ
´ҲûаɣֱӵɶͷƵֱۣͷҲصתԾʱ֮棡
ɶռǱҵֶηˣôܹ㣿


2866 
ͻȻֵıʣҲõɵ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ǲܵ飬һƬռ䣬ǱǷסˣȻʱȴܹƿռĽ
а취ԴΪҲһ㣡
֮߳Ĭû˵Ҳһֱӵؿ粽ǰִһǿ
֮ʣ·ƱһӵرסɶɶԼĻ֮УȻʱ֮ŵʱ򣬱Ȼشһ޴ʹ
µֱӵؽƳⷴ÷Ƶһӱʧʱ֮ţ
Ȼʧʱ֮ŵУһռѺҲǶȻʧԭأһɵǿߣǸǲ⵽ô£
ô죿
ЩǿߵɫȻҲǲÿȥϾһЩַ֮£Ȼܹõö˽ܣֱڴһǻۡ
½һǻȥ½
֮ҲߵǰȫУزô
ҲΪŭղŷƵܹ֮뿪طܴĳ̶Ϊİæ컹Լ״ӣ鴫ȥǳ׵ûˡ
Ȼȴˣ챻ǿа뷨֮ʣûзԣҲûᴺİ󣬵챻ʥŮ֮ʣͬҲ޶ԡ
ߣȥʰһĲо֡
֮Ҳǳ¸ǲٶ׷˷ƵˣҪľǣƽϢЩޣȻ취ͨԸ½壬÷ƹԹ־ܡ
ȻʱһƬ޻ҵĿռ֮У죬ɶԼǷƣڴһŽɫ໤ֵͨ棬һƬҵ޿ռ֮С
Ҫòܹ뿪ɶҲüͷʵ޿ռ䣬طȻ˵׷ѰͬҲΣ֮
һǳ˿ռ籩ǽһжǽɱ
ȵȣҲûа취ʱ֮ˣʦһƺӰ쵽ʱ֮ţ³˵⡣Ҳ㺹صղʱ֮ſҪʧʱȴǱ֮ߵˣŷ赲£ನȴӰ쵽ʱ֮š
ƣôˣ
ȻʱɶҲǲൽ˷ƵĲԾڽʱ֮֮󣬷ƱһֱȹڵϣͣشƺǼΪš
ҡû¡
Ȼʱȴǻ̧ͷ¶һ¼Ϊ԰׵ӣһ¿ǰɶŻˣȥŷƣȴоԼʪˣͷһѪҺ
ʱɶһ£˷Ƶĺ󱲣һĿĵ˿ڣҲ뵽ˣղžǷΪԼֵסһ
ɵϡ
ɶ¾ʣһӲԼ´ʱ˵ľˣȻȴΪıһЩҲԸԼܵˡ
ҡû£ˡҲһЦƳһ۴죬˻ƵصͽˣʦΪ̫Եˣڵ帹඼Ǹ顣
ò˵֮ߵΪˣһ÷ˣ潻ֵĻƿ³ŲغϣͻǱֱ֮ӵĸɱˡ
ţңӦûġҲǲһºˮͬҲȫ޸ʱ֮ţղʦֵһʱ֮ųһ⡣
˵Ҳǵ˵ͷɶͶȥһַĵ£һоݣҪҵ
ɶ˵ͷҲǵ˵ˣϽݡ
£ҲǿԼ˫ڵϣ΢΢ر˫ˣҪѸȬĻǱȻҪоݡ
̺İȷǿ÷ƵƼᣬҪʱȬĻµöһξˡ
ڷƵĴ߶֮£ڵҲȻתһ̰ǳŷƵ壬ѪģƣҲ𽥵ؽ̣ͬʱһɱ֮֮ϡ
ǾݵǴ߶žݵתȫȻ֮£Ҳ̲סһھ֮£һּΪµȬţ
Ҳ̲סݵЧԼԤ֮лҪǺһ㣬ҲغһֱӵؾȫעоԼơ
Ȼʱæ󺹣ʱ֮һ˵ʩչܵƻеΪͷˡ


2867 籩
Ƭ̵֮󣬷ƵϢҲ𽥵ƽȻʱƻ˫һɫҲǺ˲٣ûиղǰ԰ֽˡ
û°ɣ
ɶҲǿ˹ϸĵѯʵ
΢΢һЦҲҡҡͷû£İɣƻҪҵ
ȷֻҪϵ黹Ǿݣǿ԰Ѹٵػָƣصǲڻ¡
ʱҲǿһԱߵĴ죬ɵʵôûа취ô
һǲϵĺˮҲظصˣûˡ
ʱǳ׵һһǼΪΣգʱ֮ţҲɵڶǿǵ³ö˵ҲǿԤϵõ
Ƿƣ³õȥ
ȻˣǾûˡҲ΢΢һЦֻҪǲʲô⣬ȻǱ͵һЩΣ֮أƾ˵ҲǿɵضԸôҲǱɵǿס
ˣ֮ʲô㡣
·ҲѯʵڴѾǳ׵ɣԣѾˣȻǲٻȥȻ÷𣬴Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Ҳҡҡͷû
ϾԼ˷Ӹ߸ϵʥŮ֮λΪĽΪԼһǱǺڰηУȻƵĳ֣ȴǰȳˡ
ڴԣСǱʦȻ֮󣬵Ȼ벻Լȥνһֱˡ
ƿȻɫҲ΢΢һЦһذ½ɡ
ŷ˵콿һ۷ƣַȻǴЦ⣬ȴ¶һϣ´Ҳ˼ǧ
лл㣬ơ
Ȼô룬ֻ˵仰ϾûзƵĻûа취ǵȰյ֮
ôˣȥ֮󣬸һذ½ɣ۸㡣
ЦŵȻԽˣԽܣŷ֮䣬˵ĹϵȻԾ
Ȼþó˼֮󣬴ջҡҡͷˣԼһˡ
ԣƲɵһ㶣ҲǵУһ˵Ļɵ׷ɱ޾ġ
ȷڲöʣҲܹ֪ɱȻǳеȥ׷ɱǣȻһһ˵ĻԵΣգӵԤϡ
õҵİοȴԳһЦȻͬҲҪ׷ɱңȻǶԣǰиΪҪ顣
˵仰ʱ򣬴ҲǵһЦƳһԱߵɶƺָ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȷµԣɶĴΪΣգɵ˲ɶݣһѾǲ²⵽ˣȻǴѰ绹ǰ½ɶǲ֡
˵ȥ֮ҲǱ뿪½ˣػ壬ػһıӣҲûκΰ취쵭ЦңͲһˣҪûԼѰͻơ
£ɷƵİ֮£»ʱ䷨ͬռ䷨Ҳһ嵱Уɵǿߣûܹںַ
һδȴˣں֮ʣҲԼظܵͻƵףҪ֪Ѿ޵ؽӽ𾳣ٽͻƵĻ¾ˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôҪȰ˵ȻſˣҲǲ֪˵ʲôһյǱùŹࡣ
ɶҲû˵ʲô֪Ů֮ĪĹϵҲǲʣŮ֮£ɶͬˣ߿϶ǲֹһŮˡ
Ȼʱ򣬴ɫĹӼȴǶȻغ¡һҡ¡
ʲô飿
·Ҳɫ͵һ䣬޿ռ֮УǷʲô飬Ȼһǳ飬¶Ǻ¡
üͷ΢΢ر˫Ӧһ֮Ҳ͵ظһĨ㵵ɫʧص⣡˿ռ籩
ռ籩ĸѴӴĿ˵Ҳõ÷ɶɫΪһ޿ռ֮䣬ǰȫһ޿ռ֮УΪ˾ֵľǣ޴ڵĿռ籩
һ˿ռ籩˭Ȼ𼶱ǿߣҲڿռ籩ǰû뵽Լ˵Ȼ֮


2868 ɱ
Ȼʱ֪ԼҪԵΪµĿռ籩֮˵ɫǱ࣬⡭ֻ˵Լˣռ籩ǿܹһе
ûа취ܹǿռ籩
ҲǳŵʵǰȻǲܹңǰĿռ籩ûȫͣӦŰ취ܹģ·Ʊǽ˴ϡ
üͷһµǰռ籩ֻǳˣûȫͣҲǲ˵ûа취
ʲô취ҶҲ׷ʵ
ǿдƿռıݣ컺صɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿд򿪿ռݣðգ֮УȻǿ񱩵Ŀռ֮ܣȻһεػš
ͨƺΪռݣȻһǱƵĻƵ˾ǵֱӵشӴ̳޿ռͻƳȥĻڣ޷ȷٵĵص㡣
ңһǣռݣܹƵġ
غһҲҧҧǾͻƿռݰɣȻȿռ籩һȫسͣû˿Ծȵǣ
ȻҲǳ˷ϣֱǸճڣѣȿµĿռ籩ǿǰҲ֮ɫ˵ˡ
ܹƿռݵĻ᲻󡣡ȻҲΪεصռ̫ӲˣѰԻƵģ˺ȷǺǿԶԣһ㡣
ܺùԴСҲǳƳһ𽥳͵Ŀռ籩Ҳ࣬»Ҫӵʱ䣬ռ籩ͻǳ׵γɡ
һռ籩γ֮ǻûȫͻƿռݣô³ֻһǾ
ԣҲǿɲݻǵ취ѿռݸơ
ô˵ǵʱ䲻ְ࣬ɡ·ҲغһҲƳһŮصصɶҲǵ˵ͷ֮£Ȼɶûа취ֻǾΪ
£Ʊ΢΢ر˫ǰ˶ÿ֮⣬ûаֶΣƽһԼľҲǿʼ߶ڵϵسѨϡ
ıս
ҪıսĻΪԱߵĴҲǽ˫Ȼһ˲ٶһһµĸо
˫ֻתţɲͬɫâǳڴֵУʱûа㱣ֱӵضԼΪóʱſռ䷨
ɶǣ΢΢ؾһ͵â۶ǻһ߳棬ϵ貵âµڲϵ
ȻһηȴüͷΪ֣һƺʮֵز˳Ӷش߶ڵȴûܹԸسɹ߶
߶һļʲܹ㣬ζûа㷴Ӧ÷Ʋ֮ǻʱ޷߶¾Σˡ
ôˣ
£ɶҲȵزҶĲԾɵΪĵʵ
ûʲôľ⣬޷߶
غһٶǽر˫ǿԼ侲Ȼʱڵʱſռ֮ɵĹӼȴٶȴҡξ죡
ռ籩ͣΣյף
ϸ㣬һġʱҲ֪ƵĴ²ɵҲȻʱ˫͵ضһһ̣͵˫һĨâ
ְɣ
ҲŭһǴɢֱӵõܵĿռ䶼ԼظһĨŤŷƵ֮ʣȻɶʱҲǽһ̺Ҳֱӵر
߾
ŭһ֮бѸٵһɫ棬Ϊɫ̺ģǿµǴ֮⣡
˵ĹȻͬһʱ֣
ɫɫۺһȳ貵ľɫ֮󣬻һǿնһеĽâ
䣡
һ춸Ȼس˵̫ǿᣬ˲õһƬռʧȥƽ⣬һжǽֹһ㣬ͬǸܲʱȻεĿ²ȴѸٵɢ
޵Ŀռ֮У˵ţһͬ֩һϸСѺҲǳܣƵ˼˿¶һĨϲɫлᣡ
䣡
Ȼʱٶһ촫ɫ䣬ﰵ


2869 Ƶľ
ȻʱǰĿռݣûȫƣĿռ籩Ѿǳˣ
Ȼ֮£һǿǵˣƵȴûа취
Уǿ󣡡
صصʱǵûȫ㹻ſռݣռ籩ǽ˺ѳƬ
ɫأͬŭһӿʱռǳһѺۣǷΧֻܹŵסһ˹ȥ
ɶȳȥţ
ʱҲǿڵ¿ռ籩пܻǾؽʱ֮Ŵݻ٣ǸʱǾûаĻᣬڿռݳһӣֻܹһͨ
ռĪڼӳţһʱ֮䣬˵ô磬ҲֻǿռݱƿѺۣ޸ţ
ʱ򣬱Ҫûȥ
УҪȥҲȳȥɶʱ֮£˭п⣬ĻᣬԸƣ
ҡҡͷ㣡ûʱˣҵı֮£ܹάһʱ䣬һ֣ռͻǻָȳȥ
ɶҡҡͷƺǲ·ƣǷѾǾҲֱӵŤͷŴʱ䣡ҪȻһˣ
ҧ촽·ȴȻشɶһȥ
˵ʲôǴʱȴǶȻٴδ˺¡죬ʱ֮γɵӼ𽥵رʴţ
Ҫϣ
´Ҳ¶⣬֪Ƿڸȡʱ䣡
˵ͷǶȻ֣һسֱ֣ӵһɶ
ȫעɶѹû뵽ͻȻس֣ɶֱӵʧȥƽ⣬Ȼҧֱӵ˲һɶֱӵؽһռ֮еѺۣ
ȻɶȴһǰһĴӿռݵѺȥȻͷƳһۣȴǿƶ¶һ΢ЦڷƵһɹɫڲϵţµֶ
Ȼռʧȥ˵֧֣Ѻϵٶȴؼӿ࣡һ˲䣬ûбһ룬Ƹûлг
ƣ
ɶʱȴ˫ᣬ˷¶Цݣһӱʲô˺һ㣬쳣ʹΪܹȥǷԼܹ뿪Ļᣡ
ȻĿռݣȴ˲ϣǰһѺҲǺʧӰ٣ţƳ׵޵Ŀռ֮УȻǶȴǳɹڿռ籩֮ǰն
ơ
˿ռ֮ɶʹһƬɽǲ֪ǴʱĶ˱Ϊûܹͬһ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪôɵ
ɶһεԼȫİȫָоܡ
ԱȻĬɫҲȻһΡȻ𼶱ǿߣ޵Ŀռ֮УҲֶΣΪƻҪǿµĿռ籩
Ȼʱɶشӻͳһö΢΢˸ŹâǷһνŷƵӡǣȻһ⣬ͻ
ȻʱûɶѾ϶³ںڲѣԼܹǿһ㣬ָ۷ΪôһηƾͲΪǶ
ǷƵôʱԱҲƳһۣ˵ص
ɶ˵ͷڸղŵ飬ûִ죬ΪҲ֪ȻǷƵ˼ҲûйڼǺ޴졣
ֻҪ飬ʹŷƽ¡´Ҳǿдľǣػص½֮У˽޵ĿռѰơ
ûõġ޿ռ֮еĿռ籩ܹѵõɶһ뵽Ҫ޵Ŀռ֮Уֻ档
˵Ҫŷƣǲôģôˣһһε漣һҲǲ⣡Ҫܹ
غһ߰ɣǻذ½ҵ壬ǵðڵǣȻͷǿߣǷܹ޵Ŀռ֮Ѱһطƣ
ܹѰһôɶ̧ͷ֮˸â
һԵģֻҪ϶ص޿ռ䣬û֪һʲôطֻҪƲĻôܹѰҵƣ


2870 Ѳ
ڰһ޼ʵĺڰƲ֪ԼһƬڰ֮еѾǹȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ȼһֱ״̬ԴʱݵѺʧ֮󣬷ΪԼɵˣȻ⵽󣬲Ƿ֡
һɫĿռ籩Լ֮Լ˲ʧȥ֪ԭΪԼǱɣȻƺھһĻ֮󣬷ƿʼ𽥵ʶ

ںڰ֮еķƻ˫Ȼ֮£Ҳǲ˾ȣһƬڰȫǲκĴڣԼͬһƬҶϵڰ֮гš
Ȼ֪˶ãǰȴǶһ΢ĹâƿˣʶҪƣҪסһ΢ĹâȴǷ޷κοжֻؿһ΢ĹâƯԼǰ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƾһ΢ĹâҲԽԽʱ򣬷ƲǿһֵĹâ֮УԼ¶һϤӣ
Σ
͵ؾ㵣Լô¿СΣȻһ̣ۿȴǷֲСΣСΣԼ֮ڵ壡Ȼʱȴһر˫˳˯֮С
⡭׷ʲô飡
ƶȻ֮£оԴһƬʹռ籩Լȥ֮飬ȴûаӡһ룬Դʹޱȣʹ
ơ
ȻʱȴǶȻһ΢ĺعȻע⵽һŹâ֮С
СΣô׷ʲô£пʵҪվȻȷ޷κεĶоܾɥ
ƣûжٵʱˣ˵
ȻʱСεȴǶ϶ػڷƵԺ֮С
˿ռ籩ҵס㣬ûбռ籩ɱҲ;ƿݵ״̬֮С
ڿռ籩֮дܵƻڵ޸壬㲻õġ
ԣ׽ԭͷСγ־ԼȻС״̬ƺΣգȻҲ׷ʵ㲻ʲô°ɣ
Ҫ˯һʱ䣬ܳʱ䡣
ƺСε״̬˵һ仰ǺķѺֱܶƬ֮󣬲ǻض϶شڴĵط֮磬Ҳ˵޿ռ䡣
طҪԼ취߳ȥ֮磬ʵһλԶŵǿ֮أǿߣ֮ɣѰҲȥĵط֮ѰҵĹ
Сεܿʧ˲һĹâҲһӳ׵ʧڷƵǰʧʱȴٶȻָ˺ڰ
Ȼȴסˣ֮磿ǿߣ֮ɣ
ȴŪˣûΣգֻҪǵȴһʱ䣬ԼڵϣԼǿѹ֪ǣԼ޿ռ֮С
ҵûڿռ籩֮£Ҳǲ֮еҡ
Ȼȴ˳˼ԼҪôܹ߳޿ռ䣿ûʱ֮ŵ޷뿪޿ռ䣬һٴϿռ籩ĳ֣ôɡ
һΣСεĳȣһξǲܻԷҲ¶˾Σ֮󣬵취Ѱҵν֮ɵĹ
£ƱܶǺڰĿռ䣬֪˶ã֪ⲢʵĸܣֻԼʶˣ廹ûϣ屻޸֮ʣܹѹֻʶ
ţԼҪ˶ãΪڲ飬žݵĴڣĴڣԼܶصĴˣҲѸٵȬ
֪ǹȥ˶ãһ꣬Ҳһ죬ںڰ֮лججķƣȴһӵرһִ۵ĹâţԺ֮дһʹһӵػһ¡
˫֮ʣȴǷ֣ԼѾٶȻص޿ռ֮У
⡭
ƻ̯ԼƣҲǿһԼ壬ȻǱǵȰ޸ȴɿԿе˺ۣЩƶϳԿռ籩ʱԼǳ˶صƣһСεػ֮£ûСεĻԼܹǼֱһЦ
СҲ˸˴ۣ˳˯֮У֪Ҫòܹѹ
ƻ֧Լ壬Լ㣬ǰ۷ǱĿռ籩˺ѣҲǿЦѡ


2871 ֮
ҲǴԼɽ֮ȡһ»ϣҵǣЩռ籩̺֮ûажǸٵ·ҲǿʼɨһԼܵ
Сο˵֮磬Ʒ֣ǳһƬڰֻʱʱɫĹâ˸ţЩʱ䷨ƬʱʱγһУ
ƵһֱǴһ㵭ɫâڵĿռ䷨γһһĴڣЩʱ䷨ƬҪ֪ЩƬǿᣬǵֵġ
Ҳغһ£ԼʱǴں嫵ǿ֮УЩɫ˸ķƬȺǣȴǳޱȵΣա
֮磬ûյ㣬ܷ˶ãܵľɫһɲ䡣
ҪôܹѰҵν֮ɵĹصԼ޷߳޿ռ䣬Ҳ֮磡
ɵСǰ˵ĻһѰҲ뿪֮İ취Ǿ;Ѱҵ֮ɵĹȻһٴ˿ռ籩µʱ˿ɾȷơ
ԣ·Ŭһʱ䣬ͼǿԼѰҵ뿪֮İ취ȻҪٶǿд򿪿ռݵѺۣһ˵Ȼ
ǡĿܹ򵽵ھأܹӳűսĻǵͬ룡
ȻҲȻǲܹԼܹؿ쿪Ѱν֮µĹ롭һεĿռ籩֮ǰܹѰҵ
ƴѲ޿ռ֮дϢȻҲõɶʹϲΪȥ˰£Ƶδĺۼ
ʹŷƻţ
֮󣬴ɶҲǴ֮ػصȣѰҵ˺֪Ʊ޿ռ䵱УҲǴһΪ޿ռǵȵطδ֪ӺοԵĻпռ籩
£ԯ߶ǱˣǶʶؾãƼǲܻǰ¹ȥ֮ȴδ飬Ǹеǳز졣
λҿǳ֣һͬҽ޿ռ֮У
ɶѾǲֹһƶͺ֣ͼ޿ռ֮аѷѰһȻʵȴǷ˱仯ڴɶ֮УɵĽҲǷˡ
磬սңɵǿߣսƺҪͷʵ£ĿȨ
֮£ƶź˸ڲɵʱҲǵϾ˼ɷƣȻ¹ȥ֮ɵĶҲƽϢ˲٣ɶٴҪ
ƶͺҲǵ˵ͷȴǺΪܹ׵ѰҵƣǾ̫ˣ޿ռ䣬Ǳ绹Ҫûаǵڴ롣
ȻɶִţҲǲԸƽϢɵĶ֮Ҳ׼ǰ޿ռæѰҷơ
˭Ҳû뵽׼ʱһϢȴǴɶ԰½ˣĿ׵壬Ȼ壡
ģЩһΪܹƽһʱ䣬ǾȻǳû԰½֣ƶ΢˫˸һĨ⣬ķԲǣ½
ǿߵ֪ͼΥģ³ǺõȥȻڽ½ŪļɹʱһߣȴȻضŰ½֡
ɶʹһۣҲҡҡͷӣǲǰ޿ռģڣ¶Ҫذ½ΪǲӰ½ܵɵĹҹĻ壡
ǷƵĸʲô֮£ǷƲڵʱҲܹ¡
߰ɣ²ȥ޿ռˣֻǷذ½ЩĻ쵰ƶҲҧгݵصǰһʱ䣬ɵǿĴңŪ½ͼԣǾ塣
ǵĿҡɶصҲǸֹһĨɫԼ۷ʱڣǵĻһ˶ɱɣһ㣬Ǹûʧ֮ǰһģһ
Σ㶼嶯ƼȻûĻôһҲܹҪľǣڵʱ䣬ҪػãԲܵɵĶ֣𵭵ص
£ȵͨҲɳһֵǿߣ˷˰½


2872 ֮
ڰ½飬ƴ֮棬Ȼ޷֪Ȼ֪ˣҲûа취
ڣƱν֮磬Լǲ֪Ѱ˶ãʼûа취ܹѰҵõ뿪֮İ취ҲǵõһЩԵ
֮統УΪľǿռ䷨򣬶Ҵޱȣ³ʱ䣬ѾԼ˿ռ䷨ռ壬һ㣬Ϊ⡣
Ϊһĳַռ壬ڻԾһȫµ̨ףڣӵǴ֮ǵͬԵռ壬վԼǿǴġ
ܹռ䷨ռ壬ν֮磬ס
ȻȴǷ֣Լռ䷨ռ壬ǲһ㣬ԼظоõεѹԼΨҪͻεԼܹ˳ռ塣
ġҪôܹ뿪֮磿
˫ۣٶϿռ䷨򣬷ҲΪ꣬һһ죬˵֮磬Լǲǹȥ˶೤ʱ䡣
Ϊ֮磬һжǾֹһ㣬˸ܲʱš
һΣûռ䷨ռ壬̧ͷɨӶһƬǳ֮磬̾ϢѣȻʱ͵̧ͷ¶һֵɫ
ǰңԶǰֳһɻҵĿռ䷨򣬶ҡѸٵϯԼڵķ
ռ籩
ƵԺ֮ٶ˸ĸ֣пܣǳ˿ռ籩
ģǿռ籩ɣ
ﰵѣǵĻǾĵùˣһΣϿռ籩˭ܹ
ȻԶĻҿռ䲨ϵԽԽӽǵȿ񱩵Ϣ÷ϤѣȻǿռ籩
ͬһɫƬϵرһεǣһγһ籩𽥵ؿԼƿЦѣҲֻԹԼá
ռ籩ǿϯ֮磬ȻӣҲӲ
ռ籩ɢٶȷǳ֮죬˲ϢĹ򣬱Ѿ˷Ƶ֮ڣȻԶǷ֪ռ籩ҪϯԼߣҪ˶á
΢Լ˫תӣ϶ˣûԼٶȣȷ籩죬仹ǿռ籩Ҳûеطӣһռ籩ϯķΧʮӲ
û취ˣƺҲֻӲˡ
Ƴܼ򵥣ǾһԼռ䷨ıӻڿռ籩֮дѡ
£ƵҲǻسһ貵ɫâЩ貵ɫâһһظ֣ܿͬһ˷Ƶϣȫֶ
ǷڵĿռ䷨֮۶ɣԸռ籩벻õİ취ҲֻΪϣԼڵĿռ䷨򣬿ڿռ籩֮ɥ
ԶϵĿռ籩ܿؾ˷ƵǰǷƵһʶ֮£Ͽռ籩
Ȼ֮£һǿõ÷ƽ޷ѳԼ֣Ƿ籩̺֮Ŀռ䷨Ƭͬһɫһ㣬Ѹٵƿն
ЩƬڿռ籩ļӳ֮£ǵͬΪȻŷƵǿᣬҲǲӲЩƬĹ
籩𽥵٣ŭһڵĿռ䷨ѸٵתҰſռƬ𽥵ƿķ˿֮ʣƬҲӿֶѸٵ޸˿ڣ
Ȼþռ籩Ȼ˷ƵԤϵУ֧ŲƬ̵Ĺ𽥵ʧȥƽ⣬Ǵӿռ籩֮дĿ𽥵бţ
߲ϵĺХŷƬʹȻǵֵزҲǲϷΪ֪ȥĻᣬһǼֲסô壬޾Ŀռ籩֮бɱƬȻҲ⣡
ǣڷ籩ǰƵԵã࣬ʱѾ޵ؽӽ˿ռ籩ģȻſռ籩ԽԽ£ҲǼ޷⣡
ѵҾҪ֮ô֮Уôһͷ֪Լ壬ƺ޷ٳȥˣʱһ̣Ǳռ籩Ӳ˺ѣ
Ȼʱ򣬷ƶȻظоǰһɴĿͭâȻڿռ籩֮оȻǳȹı仯õһֵǣһ̣ڵĿռ䷨򣬸ǻԾǰ
ݲ÷ƹϸ룬ʱ˿̣嶸Ȼʧȥƽ⣬˾㾶ֱصɳȥ
ŭһҪȴͽ޹ֻǸоԼǰ貵ɫâһͭâͻȻ֮䣬ԼܴȻʧǴûгֹһ㣡
ʲô飿
һĨͷȻκηӦƬ֮£ʧȥĵ壬ȴֱӵصڵ棡
ʱ˿̣Ʋ˫ȴǷ֣Լһ磡ͭɫǽڣЩǽڶͭɣصķģȥޱȡ

оޱȣǰһ̣ԼڱĿռ籩֮Уһ̣ԼһصĿռ档
֮
ȻڴʱһΰҲ쳹ռ֮УȻһĳ֣ȴǰѷƸһ
˭
¶裬͵ػع֮ǲԼһֱҪѰҵĵط֮ɵĹ̺뿪֮ķ
֮ͨ飬ܹ뿪
ĮϵػڷƵĶߣȻȴɨӶܣȷûзаĴڣѰҲ˭ˣ
ܹң֮Ŀ鵽ô£뿪֮İ취֮£ҲǶŭǲ˽⣬ܱ
ʮ̤壬޷ͨ飬³Ǹǰʮǿһ
ȻһȴûƵʣȴʵھƣƺҪĳֿ飬ȻһŲȥô³
ȻõطΪǣǵʮ壿Ѳ˵֮ǰʮǿߣôܣ֮磬ǿһǲ½ôܡ
֮ɣ̹ʮ֮һΨͨ飬ܹʸ֪һУûͨ飬֪Σ
ȻʱһŸղŲͬȴȻڷƵ÷͵һͷһӰԼı
㵽˭


2873 ֮
֮ɵ񽫣ԳƺΪ죡
һӰصҲƳһ۷Ƶ֮Ψֻ壬ܹǽ룬ԣһȥܹӵ֮粻ȥǾǰʮˣ֮еĳ
غһעǰӰԺ֮ȴǼٵ˸ͷν񽫻֮УԼԵóһЩ
һ̹µǿߣ֮ɣ֮ġ
ڶԼǵһˣԼ֮ǰʮǿߣһⶼ壡
ԼƺԼһûصѡǾͨĳֿ飬Ļ뿪֮磡
ʲô飿
£Ҳ΢˫ʵȥ׷ʲôطĿǰЩΨԼܹȥܹףĻ֪ˣҲûá
꣬Ҫ֮ϴ񣬴Ӷǻ֮ĴС
񽫻صȻһӰһ޷Եƣ÷̲סľ񽫣ʲôͷȻ˿£ȴԼδܹǿ
֮ĴУҾܹ뿪֮磿⡣
û񽫵˵ͷȻܹ֮ĴУƺȥˣûһ˳֣֮壬Ҳû˵
ͨУ֪ҲûκãΨͨ˿飬ܹʸ֪һУ
ãѡʼ飡
նصûаɣľ뿪ڿ飬ûѡֻȥԣ
ôаգ񽫿̬Ҳǲɵ΢΢һ˵ʵ£ڷ֮ǰʮˣеıȷƸǿҲбȷƸΪǶϸ׷һ֮ǾҪʼ飬ûһͬ㣬ʲôʣֱӵؿʼѡ顣
ûѡ񡣡ƻصұ뿪ǰҵʲô
ܺãԣϣϵƷʣͨ顣ЦЦǻ˻֣֮ܣǶȻرһɹǿĲ
񽫻֮ʣһƬƬʵͭɫâڷƵͷ֮ͬһصкǵȺ嫵ƣ÷ĸֳһĨУ
ȻһУֻѡԣ
ڵĿ飬ҲǷת֮Ǵ֮Ѹٵزһɹɾ˵ӷƵ
çİ壡
·ŭһҲǷ˱仯˵ϢøΪ
һؿ飺֮
Ȼʱ񽫣ȴǻؿڵ̺֮֮ǳ׵ϴܹܵ󣬾ͨһؿ飬ͨôͻǱ֮׵ػޣ
񽫵£Ȼʱɫ͵һ䣡ΪʱЩʵͭɫâѾǾؽ帲Ƕ

Щ֮ӴԼ֮ʣ·Ƶ˫ȱ΢΢ǸоһǰδеѹѸٵԼ֮ϣ
Щͭɫ֮ԴԴϵ£ǽӴƬ̣õ÷˲ظĸоҲõ÷ľ㵲ѣȻ£Ѹٵص̬ȫעֿ֮֮ϣ
ǣܿõ÷ĸӽЩ֮Լ֮󣬲𽥵γһӼԼܿʼѹ
ȥЩ콵ֵ֮𽥵ؽ˶û׵زӰ
ȻһĻҲǻ£һǰ֮зƵӰٿѰҲǻص£֤һһ֮ӣ֮ɰ㵱꾿ǿʲôΪһҪ˽֮ĴУ
Ȼһ֮򵥣ĺ壬ǣԶõʱǱԶʱҪԶõʱ
̹ⲻǴ˵֮еسֹ̹𣬿أȻǵڣʱѾǹȥˣ֮һս֮С
񽫣֮ˣȴǱ֮ϵ֮֮ͨУŵ֮磬ȴǿߣ̳һС
¹ȥˣ񽫣ǿ֣߳ǵʮȻȴûһܹ֮ĴУǶ֮档


2874 Σ֮
ʱڳν֮ϴ֪Լǵõʲôô֪ŹȥԼܹ뿪ܹ֮뿪֮磡
ȥ
ǷΨһͷҪȥ˶ѣ
£֮޴ڣ׵ؽ˶ֶסһ޷ܵʹ࣬Ǵȫ˶ǽһ˲Ҫʧȥ֪
ֹʹֱࣿҪ˷Ƶ
֮ϴ֮£Ƴʹ֮⻹ʹһǼȵʹƶ̲סԹȥ£
룬ƴʱΪʲô磬Լǿһ־˵ĵز˵֮ͬУܹƵ
֮ǰһжǱüΪЦΪôӲֽ֮ͬһ
֮ϴ֮£ƽǳܲס˫֮ɫĹƤ޴ǳ֮ӲذγĹȻٷŽȥʹ࣡
Ȼƫƫʹ֮£ǻ˹ȥǷȴǷ֣Щ֮ԵĽȻôʹԺһƬ
ģ
ŭһʲôϴ񣬼ֱĥĥҧţһЩ֮ǳ׵߽ʱ֮ˡ
֪Ҫȥ˵ǻ飬Ǳؽ֮Ϭ񲻹Ǹոտʼѣ
ҧأΪ˻ȥ˶ѣ׵еһͷǾǴȥ
ʮ֮һˡ
Ȼ棬񽫻̧ͷһͷ֮ϵ֮ҲƽصһˣҼǵᣬܵʮ֮ߣջʧˡ
¹ȥ񽫼̫ǿߣҲؼЩԵ֮ǿߣȻǿģվ嫵֮֮л
ƣ֮дôȻҪͬһİţҪô֮֮£Ҫôɿ飬Ȼϣһ֣£Ϊ֮ػߣҲʱ⡣
ǣƾܲɿ飬⻹ǵҪԼȻ񽫣ҲǰﲻʲôæΪ޴Ӳ
ƵĿڽУȻʱڰ½֮Уȴһǰδеѣϯ½ѣӦ׼˵ϯ绹а½ѣ
ɿʼֽ½ͼǱ彻ƣаΪӭаع飬ǲϧΥػһԼŰ½֣
ҺǺ˼ʱϻأһʱ֮Ҳûа취ϾɻҪһֵǣͷʵĻһðػһڵжԸɣǽ϶ǼΪز
ģЩһʼ֣Ǿڰ½ɱ¾
֮ڣƶҲܻصΪոյϢͣڰ½ǿߣûа취ȴǿʼս壬һʱ֮䣬½ս֮У
Щ壬ɵǿߣѹûа㷴
ô죿ѵͷ޷֯ôɶҲǳʵԽԽһɵĺֲ½ôģͻ壡
ûõģɵĵ̫ǿˣȻǿĴûУǵԤϣǿߣҲǱȺ廹Ҫ࣬ͬһǸǳ鲻
ƶüͷ͵ΪֶΣǣ˵޷һԸǡ
ĵĲЩ
Ȼʱȴǵ̾һɫȴǺأͬʲôɸΪµĴڡ
ѵʲôһвôɶһŮһۣҲʵ
ûǻǵúڻôǿߣҵľ棬ԣȴǸȻǿҲ뵽ϣֻ뵽ɶΪ
غһʱͨɱ¾ָôȻһ޴в
ԣ̲סһĻôһѣղսΪ֣ضǱħ忪µػԾ䣡
Ǹʱ򣬲磬ǰ½ǳ׵һֺڰ֮Уһ޷ֹĺڰң


2875 ɣ
ʱ绹ǰ½ʱһΪصвǾһڻħħһΪµĴڣһǻָǶͰ½޷ʧ
֣ǾΪĴڣķӡһȫƿôʱ¾ĩˣ
˵ûпܣħﹴ
Ȼʱʸ˫ȴǽüͷûпܣһ֣ǾǶǶԣһϢ
ϣˣĻͷǰ½Ӳһѡ΢΢ص̾һֻϣɵЩһ
ԣҲǳĬǵһ֣ʱкܹȣ
Ƶˣʱƶ𻺻ؿʵʱ£ûзƵϢΨһǰǣµȴδаӰ죬Ҳ˵ʱǰȫġ
ͬƽʱһɶҡҡͷнһһʱ䣬ʱȥȥ޿ռѰҷƵ䣬ÿһΣӲѹ˼Ϊ֪ΪҪΪǷĶ
ƣҪһҪ
ɶغһҲֻĬ
Ȼʱ֮棬һس֮ϴʱƹȥֵ֮֮ȴǼ࣬ȥһ
ɣ
ʱڷƲԶҲǻ˫ۣƳһ֮֮Ҳ૵صȥãҲǾ֮ϴ
Ƿ֪Լʹ֮󣬲Ųɣ֪ʱΣ
ʱȫǴ֮֮УϴȻȴȫԼʱҪըˣԺľĸо
ˣʹУȴһֱڣ
ǿ˫ǰһƬͭΪŨоҪ֧ŲסˣȻʱԺȴǶȻһƬ¡һţڴһ㣡
£Щ֮𽥵ؿʼӿ֮УǴ̹ǵʹǼ࣡
ô£
ȱ仯ȻʮȻƬ֣֮Щ֮ǵԼ壬ȴǻڵ֮У
ͬʱƷԼڵĿռ䷨Ҳһڷڵ֮УЩ֮ںһ𣡺ܿ죬һͭɫĹţ𽥵ĵ֮۶ɣ
Щ仯÷о㵲ѣһ֮Ҳ͵򣬿ռ䷨հ̬ޣ
һӵĶ÷éٿǰĿռ䷨һֱͣյƿ֮޷͸Ŀռ䷨Ҳνİ̬
£Ųϵؾ֮ϴ𽥵ˣռ䷨̬ޣνĿռ֮Ҳ֮
£Щ֮ڴԼһԼ˿ռ䷨İ̬
ԭ㣡
͵һ֮ʹѾǼ˲٣ŵһŹâϵʵоԼƿصʱ䷨ڷһɱ䣡
ɱ䣡ûһɱϣ͵Ƿƿ˿ռ䷨İ̬ޣ
ʱΪı仯Ƭ֮֮֮֮ʼӿ˷Ƶڣȱ仯ȻҲ񽫲͵վɫ΢е仯
֮֮ˣ
૵ؿһɰ֮ڱ𽥵գҲ˹ʱ䷨İ̬֮ٶȱѸޱȣ
ɣ⡭Сϣ
Ҳâڷƽ֮ǰʮ棬ֻһ㣬ռ䷨İ̬ޣȻȴܹɹ
ΪһɱʸҪ֮ϴģؼһȻǳŵһˣҲǽ֮߳ǳŲסˡ
ҲغһƽϢһԼĵ˷ܣضŷƣʮϣܹʮ飬ϾѾϣ
Ҫ飬һأҪͨģȻҲֻǿصһؼֻҪܹŵסһ飬ôһε֮ϴ񣬾ͻȫسɹɾܹɵ׳٣


2876 ϴ
Ȼȴǲ֪Լ˿ռ֮İ̬Ҳֻһο鿪ʼѣ
ڽʱ䣬Ƹо֮ʹУ˲٣ȻоԼĵѸٵ֮һͭɫâԽԽʵԼһֽᵤӡ
ԼĪǹȥ˰ʱƸоԼĸȻشһȸУо˶Ǳòһˣ˲֮£֮ԣҲûав
ǵʹУѾԽԽ΢ˣ󣬷ҲܲǵʹУɵһ⿼ô
Ȼ÷˫ʱȴǷ֣ԼһƬʵͭɫâ֮Уǳ֮
ô£
еȻ⵽ô£ԣ֮ѾûаоˣƬ֮󣬷Ƶɫ͵һ䣬Ϊ֮ܵٶǷ˱仯
߳ˣյϴ񣡡
Ȼʱһֱ۲ŷ״̬ȴǻؿڵƴʱ״̬ʲôһصĿ飬ռ䷨հ壬ֻǵһ
ĵڶǾȫؽܣĲ֮
֮ɵȻ̹ҲΪ֮̾Ϊ֮ǿޱȣǵ֮ˣΪܵ˲ĥĴˣȻĻ֮ɵΪǿ
֮壡
֪֮ҪԼΪ֮壬һǿЦãΪ֮ʣ
Ƭ֮Щ֮ӿ˷Ƶ֮УҪӲسƷƵһ㣡ȱ仯÷ƾ㵲ѣҲǻعҪ
Ƿ֣Щ֮ڽԼ֮ڣֱӵؽ˵֮Уûа㷴Ӧ
⡭еȻΪЩ֮ҪǶʲôڽԼ֮ڣȴͬţ󺣣㷴ӦûС
һĻҲԲܣЩ֮ڽԼ֮ûа㷴ӦӦҲǶԼʲôԵҲûа㿹ܵζЩ֮Լĵ
ʱԱߵ񽫣ȴҲһؾ㵣ΪҲǷ˲ԾԣЩ֮ӦûֱӵؽƵܣ֮£ӦûǳܲסҲûǲҽС
ǵʹ࣬˿Գܵģ仹ʶ֮£ǰʮλǿߣֻ˳ŵȵزǶǵһأҲ˵ûܹŵù
ǣһεķƱȴǼΪ֮ͬûаⷢĬĬؽŸı䣡
һ㣬һֱһز⣬ȻƬ֮׶Ȼصɴƺ뵽Щʲô¶һĨϲɫĪǡĪ֮壡
֮壡
ƱʵĻôЩ֮ԣڣֻøӵǿѣ
ˣһ֮壡һǵģ߲ϣصִ֮ʮɢ½죬õЩˣǳΪ֮壡˵ǵһǳΪ֮壡
ˣ
ʱ¶˷ܵɫˣΪε֮֮ǰֻ˲ſԽܴУΪ֮壬ֻ֮г֣
֮ǰʮǿߣû֮壡ûа취ͨɱ䣬ǻһ֮˶ԣǾͲһˡ
֮ˣԶԣܹǱܶ鷳ͬʱҲܹ׵һεĿ飡
ʱĹȥ֮֮֮𽥵رϡƴʱҲڲϵڶ֮ΪԼظоˣ֮ϵرԼգ֮䣬ԼøΪǿ
ǿĸо÷ƸŬЩ֮Աߵ񽫴ʱѾǰٷְȷˣǰķƣһ֮壡Ȼһ֮Ļôпܹ׵ͨеĿ飡
ʱܹ̳֮ĴУӶ뿪֮磡ܹ뿪֮ĻôͬҲܹ뿪Զԣϣܹ飡
֪ǹȥ˶ã֮֮ǳ׵رõȻƵϢҲǱð粻ѣƺĳɱһ㡣
һ̣͵˫ͭɫâƿն֣


2877 ޣ
ŷƵѹҲ͵վ¶˼ɫԼȵ£ʱǿϣ¹ȥˣɫɫǿߣ⻹ǵһοϣ
ֱ֮΢ضһ£ֱӵɢеĽļΪ֮غһеŵؿԼ˫֡
ԼȻͦˣ
ʱ򣬷еĸоһʱ䣬ʹĥеִڼţǶֲȥˡ
ҵǣջɱ䣬ƿʱ䷨̬ڷƶԣǶһɱﵣޣİ̬磬»ûܹռ̬
㡭壿
ȻʱԱߵ񽫻ؿڣһŵɫŷơ
ޣʲô壿塣ƻعȴ¶һɻɫʱҲǷӦ˹ĪһθԼŹϵ
㲻䣬壡Ļôܹ׵ؾһؿ飡Ҳص´ŷƣƺѾȷһ顣
ʲôƲɵǴһ壿⡭
һģ֪ǰµУʮˣǿߣǳŵһȴʧܣԭ˿ռ䷨հ֮ʣ֮ͻǽǵܣɾ壡
غһŵȻˣûа취ŹһأΨ㣬ɱĹ֮Уɹ˿ռ䷨հ壬ҲߵһҾò˼ǣûܣͬҲڷ֮ǵ󰴵ԣΨֻܹġ
񽫵ĽͣҲ˳Ĭ֮УɵǽüͷĪ⡭Լйأν壬񽫿˵壿
ûдģΪʱ壬Щ֮ûнܣҲܹɵյһ֮ɾ˲֮
񽫹һЦһľϲҲΪŷ壬Ӷܹʮɵؾǽ˶˶ʮѣǶԣȴ鷳
壬壬ܹΪɵ˵һء
䣬ޡ·Ҳغһ֪֮еĹϵΣǲΣԼʱѾǳɹ˵һ飬ǵ˵Ҫ뿪֮磬ô͵ǳο飡
һؿѹôԣǵڶأ
ڶؿʲôƳʵڵȲѵҪڶأϾһͻ˵ڶأԼܹ뿪طˣΪҪǣһص֮ϴ񣬸Ϊ͹۵ı仯
оõԼΪԵı仯ҲǱøΪǿʱ䷨İ̬ޣ
ڵķƣԼظоԼѾǿԹһսˣΪҲǸһƿţԼҪԵλٵƿ
һͻ˹ȥôǳΪ𣡰½ûܹɾ͵֮λ
ҲеļϾҪԵģеڶؿ飬Ψͨڶؿ飬Լܹʸȥһ£һڶعȥô뿪֮Ļᶼ
һǹĿ飬ѾͨˣôڶأбҪ㣬ǹ귽Ŀ顣صؿŷƵûаգҽ֮֮һʱ䣬ȥԡ
ڶغΣգüͷԷ˼⵱û̫ʱӣΣǾ뿪֮磡
ǳΣգʧ³ͬһǾһǱһظΪգ񽫻صŷƵȵһظΪհٱ
ƳĬ΢΢ر˫˼Ƭ̣Ҳ͵˫۵Ҫеڶأ
񽫿һ·ƣҲǵ˵ͷȻ˼֣ôҲǲԶԣͬҲǷǳϣܹͨڶصĿ飬ΪֻܹǼ̳֮ĴУ뿪֮磡
Ƽ̳֮ôΪػߵȻҲǿԳû뿪طϾҲǱ£һֱڵȴһԼ̳֮˳֣


2878 Ĳ
Ȼִ⣬ǽҪԵڶˡ
ҲƳһ۷Ƶڶأǹ꣬˵ʵҲǲ֪ڶʲôΪδܹڶء
Ƶ˵ͷ׼¸ûʱݵȥ
Ҳ˫ֻغʮֵӡҲǵҲǱģ֮ʼ
ƽؿһܣǷ֣Լܵ龰֪رһֵĿռ֮УΧһУǿʼģ
һͭɫâ𽥵ŷƵܣȻʱƷԼԺһ΢ĸоͬ㱲ѣ˫ۿʼ𽥵ر
ƺһֲĸоûĻʱӦνĵڶؿˣ
һأǲ㽫ĥȥȻʱԵڶأȻвŰ֮⡣
æǱ˫̨Լ׵׵ڶؿ꣬Ҳû˿Ĵ⣬꣬ΪµĴڣ֪Լʲô
Ƭ֮ŷ𽥵ƽҲ𽥵ػָ̬ǵȻ㱵ĸоʧˣʱбһֿľ磬ȻƷ֣ȴûаκס
üͷԣƺǲԣڶؿ鿪ʼˣôûа㶯
˫ȴһ㶣ʱԼĵطȴͬһ磬ΧһƬڣԶȴâ˸޾ǿ֮С

вɵǾһԼǰһ̣֮һ̣ȥһֵĵطʵɡ
ҵ֮
Ȼʱһȴ쳹һƬǿգ͵̧ͷǰʼسֳһֹâͭɫâŤţܿǳΪһõӰ
Ӱĳ֣ƵȻشһֵĲҲо㵣Լڵ֮òƽ֤ǰˣӦþ֮ɣ
µûҾ֮ɡ
ȻʱһӰسֶ֪ͬһ㣬Ȼһֲ˵˷롣
㡭ôܹ֪룿ƾ㵲ѣ⡭еͷ˰ɣԼʲôܹ²õҪ찡
㴦ҵ֮棬ʲôô֪ܲһӰģȻ񣬷Ҳûܹʵͭɫâ֮пԷò
һҲŪˣνĵڶأ¾֮ɵ֮УΪǣ񽫲˵֮Ѿôôܹ֮ڣӰô£
ϸ˵Ҳ֮ɣֻһִѡһӰصҲԳһЦ˴һȻһ֪Ҫ˯á
Ĳ
·о㵲ѣ֮ɣʲôͷȻȻ֮Ȼˣǽƾһܹ꣡һֶΣ˺ˡ
û˿ԵеùʱȻǹȥõʱ䣬𼶱ǿߣҲǻһĨĳ
һص޷С
ʱһӰؿڵ֪ô
ԣ׶Ȼؽأ仰ʲô˼
ҴĲּ֪ǿ𼶵ģȻ֪ңԶĹȥ𡭡ҲǶ߹ѣǿߣѾǲˡ
ԣ͵˼£СżֻҪ׷ʣСȴһֱϸƺӰĿУ֪һЩʲô
ңԶ̹˻磬µ磬Ǹʱ򣬳̹֮⣬һĴڣҲǿеŮ洡
סû뵽ȻǣŮ洣˵֮е񻰼ѵĴڹô
ϸһҲˣ̹Ŷʵشڹ˵Ůˡ
̹𿪱أŮʥ壬Ǹʱǿߣ̹źŮΪ֮ĸҲӵмΪǿǸʱûνŰ½ԡ
е嶼ԵƽһȻ֪ǹȥ˶ãڰˡ


2879 
֮˵ƺǸоһȴڻΪԼ򿪣ŵı󣬽磡
Ůʥ壬ӵԼǣʼ̤ĵ·Ȼ𽥵Ƭ̰ᣬɱݱΪΪԴ໥ɱ
һ㣬̹ŮʥǾع۲ţΪǾãǱȻ飬Ȼȴ֪ڰӣһֺڰħˡ
ǿһУΪ̣ҷǳǿ󣡡
ȵ̹Ůʥ׵ʱ򣬵ΪʱǸʱ磬Ѿںڰ֮С
ҺڰѾʴ˸ǿߣһױǿߡ
̹֮£źڰչսҲսνĻƻ衣
һεս֮У˶ǲȥõ𣡡
̹ԼͨЩڰʼ泹׵ѹӡ˺ľУӴ̤֮УҲûгֹ
Ȼ̹ʧ֮ŮʥǸˣԼ壬ʮʹģΪ˷ֹڰٶȽ٣ԼһΪҲڿеŰ½
ȻŮʥһ壬Ǿ塣
Ӵ֮ŮʥǸ̹Ĳ̤֮УҲûгֹ
֮ɵ˵ƵɴԼ˫ԭԭЩĴڹھԶĹȥʱ֮УȻǷ˿µ顣
̹ſأŮ洴壬ڰ֮ս̹źŮ֮̽вҲûгֹ
Ȼ÷ɵǣЩڰǷǽӡЩСףΪΡΪ壬Ů壿
ΪŮʥ˵壬պڰٶȽ٣Ψһϣ塣
֮ɻصһ۷ƣʵϣûܹףΪŮʥ˵¹ȥ忪ʼ𽥵¶ǵص㡣
ȷʣ㣬ʣҲǿᣬ˵ǻۣ֮Ҳвȴûκһͻġ
ǾǼΪµѧϰ
Ůʥ壬ǿѧϰ
ԣҲ˳˼ȷԶ飬Զԣȷ֮ͬ˵һ㣬Լ֪ʷʼ֮һֱܹڰ½ȥľǾ˵ѧϰ
ǵģûй˵츳Ҳûо˵ûдԴǸǵѧϰܹܿؾ½֮ȥһΪǿߵĳ֣ȹ̰½֮ס
ŮʥΪҪϣϣƲɵɻʵһͬҲǲ֪Ϊڵԣϵ壬ԸڰĻǲϣģ½̫ˣȻǿ壬Ҳزͷ֮һ
ΪŮѪ֮Уûκνɣ֮ɵصŮʥΪҪϣϡ
ɣһ㶣ʲôɣ
֪Щǿߣ˵Ǹ磬壬ǵѪһȱݣŮʥ޷ȱݡ
ͫ׽Ѫȱݣ
ȻŮʥڴʱȴǲϧΥĹӲǰȱݸȥˡ֮ҲԳһЦ֪ѪӵеĶǶǿ߿ҲĶô
ʲô׷ʵô廹ǺӣĪǻ̺ʲôܣ
ͻһм֮ɵЦңԶĹȥΪǿȻ̹ŮʥȻЩµɣξǵ񽫣ٵ˵𡣡
֮ϣо磿͵صɴͫף⡭ֱ˷˼ΪǿĲȻʱ֮ɿ֪ǿĲɴڣ
壬һܹľ磬ҲһˣܹΪ񽫣һС֣ģܹǱƺΪɣ֮ϡ
ǲһ壬ûܹͻ磬岻һѪؼ̳Ůʥ̹Ψһһӵͻ̹ͬ־Ǳһ㣬޷ȵġ


2880 
֮˵Ʋǳ׵𾪣塭ȻӵǱʶ̹ǵȾ磿
ܡҡҡͷڰ½֮ϣûгֹһκһûгֹ˵̹ǵȾˣ⼸š
ûвܵ飬ŮʥĿ塣֮ҡҡͷǿģΪԵʡһ㶡
ͷϵļǵŮʥõļ֮ɿЦҡҡͷսϵǿߣս֮ϣȻҲ࣬ͬ㣬ǿһȻǲҲˡ
ǸʱŮʥΪ˼ɵڰٴν٣ڴ֮󣬻һѪ֮еļ񽫵Ŀܡ
Ƴ׵ˣѪ֮мȻǽǿߵĽѹֺǸ˵֮ϣȻľ磬ǲ˭ֻԼز޷ȥͻơ
ҪͻֻһǾ塣
֮ɻصҲֻ壬ܹ
˼ǣֻ壬ܹͻƵߵľôеŵصȻܹǵȵز
ûҲֻһ˼˲ܹ磬ĻܹƵѪ֮ɻصڿ֪֮ΪֻǿԽܴС
غһ֮ɿ飬ȷһʱ֮䣬еԽˣԣʱ˿̣֪羿Ρ
ԣΪ˱ڰٶȽ٣ҪܹͻƼˣĻ̹Ůʥڻ֮йȻܹȵ壡
֮ɳһƲΪľܹͻƼ˳֡
ָңһ£Ҳеͷԡ
û㣬ܹؽ֮ϴ֤Ǳ֮ɿǰķƣֻҪһεɱ䣬ܹشѪĽ
ΪҪ˶϶ңҲغһҲҡҡͷڰ½ûܹͻ𾳣ͬһ㡣
ΪѪԵʡ֮ɵصӵ̹Ϣ㲻ɣǿ¶ԣҲûܹ
ָ飿
£΢΢һָƶɫڵȻ˵֮У̹۶
û̹ڽ֮󣬲ñɢâȻЩâ飬Ůʥ֪Щʲô֮⣬Ҳǲ
Ƶɫ˳˼ƺԼԴͻƵ˴֮󣬱һֱ̹Ÿ᲻ϵϵ꣬ڽ֮ڣһӰԼָ̹
̾һϧЩ飬ûܹظ
νѪָʲôƲɵǳʵ֮ɵĽͣһֱģɡ
Ӵ֪Ҳ˵ͻƳɹ𣬱ǽ֮ʣǸʱ˵ļǴ򿪣ʱЩ𣬿»ǳΪ񽫣֮ǿߡ
ǣԶ޷Ϊ̹һĴڣΨ⣬֮УΨ壬ӵѪܹΪ̹һĴڡ
ƿЦҡҡͷδеˣ񲻹磬ǰ½ΣΪȥˣ½δǳֹһһͬһ㣬а½ǿͷϡ
ȥȻǿˣҲûȻȻԼģһͬһڵĴԣδҲе޷ܡ
ԼͿˡ֮ɻصȻȴǱޱĴˣ׼ɱô
̧ͷŰ֮У֮޵ģӰغһ֪սȭͷǵģҪԼȻպΣΪ뿪֮Ŭ
ɡͻȻ¶һЦݣȻ׼
Ǽ䣬ͭɫâ׵ûһƬ嫵ǿգͬĩһ㣬һвϵػٲϵҲڳǰδеɱ䡣


2881 ֮ɵľȻ
Ȼŷ֪һУȻԺ֮дһʹ˱һ޷״̬֮У˿ȥ˫ԺȴǾŷǷһС
ͬһǿڴݻԺ궼ǲŹ
ȻһУֻĬĬسţֻ֪мȥԼܹ뿪
ʱ֮ɵӰڴĿ֮ӰҲһӱͬʱҪʧһ㣬ĬĬؿڳʹķƣû˵ʲô
壬ЩǿߵϣǷƵϣȻһ֮Ŷ֮ɵĲȻʧˣ˷һ˶һռ֮ĬĬسš
ʱ֮񽫣һֱǵȴŷƵı仯ȻԴӽڶ֮󣬷ƵϢһӱʧ֪֮ڴˡ
Ȼ͵̧ͷעĳһգɫ΢һϤֶ
ݼ޴ˣ
ֱӵصȹ£Ȼһ̣֮ɵĲǳ񽫵ǰ
죬Щˡ
֮ɿЦЦһϣܹŵùȥɣҵʹҲˡ
֮ɵһ˵ɣӦ֮ǰ͸ʧģΪʹһƲл꣬Ӳ֮
ˣܹɱô
񽫵ͷʵ棬Ψһܹɵһοˣ޷ɵڶο飬ô½ܳһʱ䣬ϣ
Ҳϵ̹ϢĹ켣ҿ֮૵صԸܹɰɡ
񽫳Ĭ֮ɵĲ֮һįΪڶδˣôʹţ֮ɾҪĵʧ䵱У
죬ģұӦܹд浽Ҳһɡ
෴֮ǿú͸̧ͷԶ䣬ͬǾʱĳӣռ谭һЩ
ҺܿҪʧˣȻˡҾһ°ɡ֮ɻصû֪һҪʲô
޴ˣҪʲô͵̧ͷ֮ɵƺžȻ
̹Լѹ˺ڰң£ŮʥԼδϣޣȻ䣬ҲҪʲô
֮ɿʼ̧Ųһһ˳ȥ
޴ˣݺᣬԼز²⵽֮ɽҪʲô
죬Сӿɵڶο飬ҿԱǧƽˣΪ塣֮ɵػص֮һ̣Ѿʧˡ
񽫽˫֪֮ɣҪԼҲҪסǧƽ
֮뿪֮֮󣬴֮磬ȻʱӰƮ죬ʱʧһ㣬ͬǿһ֮磬ǰĲ쳣ؼᶨ
֮߹֮ռ䲻ϵسһֱ̣ӵ뿪֮磡ͬʱ½ǰ磬ǿߣжǶȻһ
һǿޱȵѹһƬأǵģ磬ǰ½壬ػһɣԯߵ˻֮ߣһĸܵһǿѹ٣
һ̣ؽԾ
Ĳ֮Уһ貵Ĺâͬһس֣Լ֮гֳһӰȻ֮ɣ
֮ɣڽٵ֮һ£ͬԽǧߣͬһУڻǰ¡
ȵɽ֮ǰͨڣ˶ֱӵصȹ£ǿѹõЩ̧ͷ֮ûʲôͣƬ֮ˡ
ǿ̧ͨͷ亹ղһ˲ѹ޷ܣͬģһ̣ȻҲһ㣬û֮ٶ뿪
ػһǰ֮΢ͣƬ̣ԯߣ˫âƬ֮ȵ˫ȹ£û˿Ƣ
Ƭ֮֮ת뿪ԯ߲ǻ̧ͷ֮ȥıӰɫӣȻջ̾һվǳ˳ʡ
һһ֮ɣٶһߵɽȻȷעһƬɽͬһƬɽĳЩڣ
һ֮֮Ҳûκζٶתȥ


2882 
֮ȥ֮ǿ߶ǲɵһ̫ˣ˾˵ѹǰδţ
֮ɣ뿪֮ٶǰ½Ҿֱسأ
ʱ屾ɵǿ߿սȴΪĪѹͻȻؽ٣ǿ߶ǲͣս˽һأȰѹֱǺš
Ȼ֮ɵӰٰ½֮ʣиǾ֣û֪ǿѹԺδ
֮ڳ֮ƳһЩɵǿߣҲͣ˼һ֮󣬱ǵָ˵ֱӵرһƬأ
£ú˾ˣǰһ̣Լ˽սǿߣʱȴϢرصǿһָ֮£ػ
һĻ˽ӳžֵɫĪֵǿߣȻ˿£һ֮£ȻЩɵǿߣҪ֪Щ棬Ҳǲ
ȻһУȴӲ˵һָ
˭ƶ૵صΪ˿µĴڣ
ҡҡͷҲǲǰȥƺЩǶԣǰȫΪǿ߲ҪԼ˳֣Ŀɵǿߡ
ϣҲͼɣ
һ쳹ڲ˵ĶߣõȻعһ̣֮Ѿʧǵǰ
֮ɵʧһۣǵڣҲǸ㲻⵽Ƿʲô飡
ķǽ
Ȼڴʱƶ͵ɫһ䣬֮ܵɵϢ𽥵ؽӽ
غһһǰȥģӰҲǵȹ£һ㣡
ľٶȻǾ˲ˣź㶯һǿҲˣһĻνǼΪ𺳡
ԶʱӢ飬ɰ૵صҲǲ²⵽һЩʲôȻԷҪʲôȻҲǺ֮ɣԼ
磬˰½̫̫֮࣬Ҳ㣬磬Ϊ˷ܶΪػ磬Ȼ˷ǣʹȴɴڡ
˽֮ǰþõŽһ˲䣬Ҳӿ෴Ӧǲ֮ɵĳһ㡣
ܹҲսɳˡ֮ɨһۣҲԳһЦյ֮սս˲֪ˡ
סҵ֣ޣ
£֮ͷŲ񷣬ЦѣȻһ쳹䣬˶õЦȻƬ֮󣬿ֲ
û֪Ƿʲô飬֮󣬾˵Ϣɢˣһжǻָƽڰ½ǿţ˿Žķ򣬾þóĬ
˭
ɶڱĬãʵԳ޵ˣ̫ǿˣΪֱǲɺȻǰҲûа㷴
һɣɡ𵭵صǧٰ꣬½ƽǧ꣬ٵĽĶҡ
Ϊλ۷ǿߣȻ֪ղ޶ʲôȻû֪޵ȴ֪ԼΪۣ˽ǧƽ
ɵвҲʱطˣʧȥǿߣɶǺóһʱָһ壬˸ǰ硣
޵ĳ֣ڰ½ǣţǳ׵ɱˣôԶԣвʱʧˣǺ֪ûƽ
ҪȥѰҷôɶǰһҲǾϲص
ţѰҷƣиҪ飬ҵڻ
һΣ֮ɳ֣²򵥣϶ǷһЩʲô飬Ȼǻص磬Ⱥ岻֪飬ػһԯͷȻ
ɶ˵ͷȷԶԣɵвǽˣǺڻûҵѾǱħȾˣѾǰĺڻҪҵȻɱһΣյѿ
֮ɵľٶٴѹû֪˭֮֮ܵɵϢǳ׵ʧ֮񽫹ڵϣ֮ʧķ򣬿ͷ


2883 Լ
֮£䣬˸춯绹ǰ½಻ͷ߻ɣеǿߣһ̣ͬʧȥ
֮£Լţ
Ψֻôˣףղֵô£
ػһ壬ԯߵԱߣͨͺѾǳˣ֮󣬺ƶɶ½ظ֮ԼڷĳЩ飬ػһ档
˶ˣǿԿʼˡ
ʱԯҲǵصк£ղһѹҲ²ˡ
Զʱǿߣ
ȻʱȴһصصΪͷ꣬ȻǺȥһЩ飬ȻѾԶһЩ飬ǻǱȽ
ûɣɣػһֻûа취֪һǿߣǴӺδ
֮սܹǿߣǶ޷֪ҪôҪôֶΣתˡͨ컺صԶԣĳ֣ƺǰǵһæ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷȷԣһΪĳ֣õһӱ仯ԣɵǿߣͬһʧһ㣬ǰ½硣
ɵǿߣͬһһ㣬ҲûгֹǰϢûУ
֪ͣһطһߵɽȻ޷λãͣƬ̡ʱԯ߻ص
˼˵ӡ֯ǿߣͨǰһ뵽ܡ
ҾӦǷӡɵĳڣ֮޷뿪ԯ߳Ψһ뵽ҲֻܣϾ˵ҪһɵĻеǣǿʵϣҲûд̫˵
ڰ½ǿߣһ¾ɱ
ʱ𻺻ؿڵһĻƺǿ˲٣벻ٵɵľٶ
ֵûɵǣΪʲôҪӡڵĵطȻʱͨȴ뵽һЩ飬ǿֵĵطٶǼǿķӡҪԸɵĻûбҪǷӡɣֱӵɡ
ͨĻҲ˳Ĭ֮Уȷ˲ɣȻ½ɵǿҲǱһɱôΪ
ô˵淢ʲô
ʱҲ΢΢üͷĻôֵûˡ
ħ
ʱԯǰһҲǲ²⵽һ㡣
˼˵ħɹһˣɫüΪ࣬ĻǾͼˣû˱Ǹħв
ˡ
ԯߵ˵ͷΣɵǣƣôȫԸѰħ䡣
ûа취ȷǷ棬ȻǶܷɾ衣
һۣҲǵ˵ͷҲһϸ֮󣬸ŸԵҪ׼Ĺʱ򣬻ⲻ֪˷Ƶϡ
Ѿʧ˺ܾãǶƻû䲻ҲΪǡ
飬ǷŹϵʱͨҲЦŵ
ǼҪ׼ǰȥ޿ռ䣬Ѱҷơ
ҲһôãҲǶˡ
޿ռĪ⣬ǼΪȥˣӦҲ޷ֻҪСĿռ籩
ԯͷҲǵ˵ͷڷƵҲ˲ٿܹ޿ռǾ˿ռ籩֮󣬺󣬿ڿռ籩ǰ
ʱҲһЩԵɡ𵭵Цʵϣƴʱ֮棬ŷ˵ĥеɱ䣬˶ԣȷһֻ
ʱ֮棬֮ɵǳ׵ʧƬ䣬Ҳǵ̾һػ֮ԣֻǽϣ˷Ƶϡ
ûа취ŹڶεĿ飬ôԶԣҲ޷뿪
ܴʱƽ֮񽫳ĬظӦڴһּΪ΢״̬֮Уھڶ飬ȴûа취ӦκΡ
ֻзͨ˵ڶΣʧˣܹ֪
Σǧϣɾ˰૵ص޷Ԥϵõʱģܹ飬Ǿֻһ֣ȣ


2884 ν
ʱǴһƬͬǳĿռ֮Уνĵڶο飬ûϵǰ㣬ܷ˵ĥ෴һжǺƽ
ƽǵģǴʱƵĸܣԶԣԼһʮƽ״̬֮УƬ̵ʹ֮һӱƽޱȡ
ǴһƬУ֪ԼҪʲôҲ֪ԼҪʲôͬһƬںϵĹۣͬĿĵţԶ֪δյ㡣
ܿ죬״̬֮£Ʋ֪ǹȥ˶ã˵꣬ͬûججһ㣬ûвǣԼʼ΢
ͬ״̬֮£ãƵͻǳ׵޹⣬ʱ򣬷Ȳ֪״̬֮
һֺܿµ״̬Լûв˵֪ģǣʱڵ飬ʼ𽥵һЩȻƷԡ
Ƶ״̬֮ʣĿ𵴲ϣͷųһһɫĿ֮ڱŷɫʱȴһһɱҺ壬ѸٵƵȫ
Ǽ䣬͵еԾؿһԼ״̬ȻȵزҪʧˣʧ֮ʣҲǾʹֱӵ䣡
Ƿʲô飿
ѹķƣҲ˾һ亹Ȼʱȴæȹ̱ģѸٵάϵûмɢ
֪ǹȥ˶֮󣬷Ʊ˫ҵǣͷΪӶܹ״̬֮ѹȻĻٹȥƬ̣ͻ˳׵ر
ǸʱȻ֮ɣҲûа취ܹȵ
ع֮ķҲǿʼ˼Ÿղǵ״Ϊλ֣ڵҶ࣬Ǵһϵ״̬Ƭͬǳһĵط֮ġ
ɨӶܣͬǵĿռ䷨Ƭƺ˼ţʲôϵ
˵ʵƵڣҲûŪף⵽ô£νĵڶؿ飬ʲô
΢΢˼ţǵˣʼʱ񽫣Ǹ˵ڶصĿ飬Ǹйأδ֣ڶصĿ飬Ǻ
Լ꣬ǲز֪ر߽⣬˵ĻڶأĪҪѰҳƬǳ֮
޵ĺǳ֮УңңؿĿռ䷨Ū֮ԼҪĳ״̬ܹͨڶֿ飬Ҳνշ֮
Ψշܹ֮ɵڶֿ飬ôȻҲܹ뿪֮硣
ȵȡշ֮
ͻȻ֮䣬ȴ侲Ժ֮һͷƺ׽סʲôȴΪģɵͣѰ˼һЩʲô顣
ǳռ䷨Ƭ֮Լ꣬ȵȣЩһϵغһԺ֮дԼһ
ɨӶܣĿȥûоͷһĺǳ֣ޡ
ʱҲ΢΢رԼ˫Ժ֮гֵͷǣշ֮ȻԼʱ״̬Ҫշ֮ĻôҪľǣ֮꣬У
ΨܹǳɹڶصĿ飬ں֮Ҳνĵڶؿ飡
Ҫں֮Ҫǽĳ״̬ܹɹԼղžǲˣȴûгɹ߽֮Լꡣ
ǳһĿռ䷨򣬷ƻ˫غһ£ǧǳһĿռ֮ڣֱӵؽ˲
ǣҪβܹʹʼǳ֮ʼںϣȻʱҲԼشһЩߣԺҲǺͷؽ֮ɢͼһƬռ䵱С
ȻƬ֮£ȴǷ֣вͨԼļ󣬸޷ںϡ
·Ҳüͷ⴦Լ꣬ûа취ںϣôԼ귽棬Ȼһ̣Ժ֮жȻһͷǾǡ
֮Ҳǿռ䷨հ̬ԼںһĻЧ
Ȼ·Ʊǿʼ˳ԣ֮ʼ꣬ȻһںϳɹĻŻ


2885 Ϊ
֮ںһⱾһΪѵʱ䡣
ҵǣƵʣ壬Ҳ壬Ҫ׵궼ΪһĻҪƵĸֶˡ
ڷƶԣҪģԼռںһΪѣΪƲ⵽ҪôſԳɹ
£ҲǳţԼ˫Ƭ֮ͷųԼھæ֮ҲٶȻָ۷״̬
ţǰͬʱıģʱ״̬壬ʼ𽥵رһɫĹâ𽥵ɢ
Ƭ֮󣬷΢΢شһٶȸоԼǽһֵ״̬УŷźƣǲͬǣʱԱԼѵʶǸղԼǲʲô顣
һӣƸоԼɢܣܹһӣؿһƬǳ
ޱȣңƸоһƬǳͬԼƿ֮Уָоǳ£΢΢һ㶣ƺǲ׽ĳͷǳйء
ϵطɢӴĿռ䣬ҲԽԽȻһƬǳͬ޾ǿͷǷƵɢǵﲻ˾ͷ
״̬˲֪ãԣɢԶӦûǸܵһƣ룬ȴûУͬĲѹûаģһ
һͷȻȻȴǷ֣Լٶǻصԭء
Լɢ˶ԶһͷԻصԭȻ͵ض˫վɨӶƬǳ¶һŵЦݡ
ǳûյ㣡Ҳ˵ģǳյģ
ȻĻҲǲˣԼֻһѣΪûʶǳıʣǵ£ѾˣҲ
ԭˡ
صԼ˫֣˵һҲǱ˼Ϊ貵Ĺâ֮ͬеգһӱõһƬޱȵĺǳ
һ̣Ƶ峹׵رģƺʱҪʧһ㣬Ȼʱȴ˿ţΪ׵ںǳʱˣ
Ҳǳ׵ƿ֮
ͬʱγ֮Уǽ˫ڵȴʲôƬ֮֮Ȼغ䶯һţһɹµǶȻشݶȥ
ףɹˣ
ʱҲܵӦ͵˫֮дһ־ϲȻǳɹˣ
˵ʵڶؿʲôֻԼ֪йϵǰû취ԷṩǵƺԼѾǳɹڽ˵ڶأ
֮ڽһЩ仯ȻЩ仯˵ˣڳΪ֮ˣҲ˵Ƴɹˣ
һƳɹػܹ֮֮統뿪
֮ɹȻûпˣСӾȻܹ֮񽫹һЦɫҲǳһ˷ܣѾǵȴ꣬Ȼȴûһܹɹȴǳɹˣ
䣡
ǣʱ䶸Ȼط
һͳĺǳ׵쳹֮һɹɿ񱩵ǳֱ֮ʣҲ͵̧ͷ¶صɫ

Ȼ񽫣ȴһһ˵֣
ôڴ˵س֣
ȻӦ񽫵ģֻһͳĺͿֲȴ𽥵صͳɫ̧ͷ޵Ŀռ䣬֮ɵļ̳ˣ㶷֣
ţҲǲϵʩչӡƺǴĳЩƣҪ׵ظʱ򣬷֮ǲܹܵκθţȻĳ֣
ԣ񽫣ΨһܹģҲ֮Ľƣ
û뵽ǣ֮ˣ֮Ѿǲˣ󲿷ֵ˳ŵУǻ˷ƣƻûȫ֮ҲӲ֮
ңǷ֮ҲӲȫΪ֮ɣ
һ̹Ϊľػû뵽Ȼ˽ģΪͳô


2886 ٴ
صض޵Ŀռ䣬ʱΪһ֮ʱǿԸ֣Ȼȴǲ̫ܳãֻһз֮ǰܹ֮
Ҳͷ˸ĴڣȻǱȷƵ˸Ϊ˵ϵģȻΪԶʱһ壬
ȷϣΪƹ̹𴫳ĳͷ֮ƹάһеƽ⣬ȻԶʱû䣬֮սĳ֣õԶʱ׵Ļ
ʼǱˣͼҪ䣡
κܹԽĴڣ֮ȫʢʱڣҲûа취ԸΪ̹ûܹɱ
Ҳͬ壬ŮʥִģȻ岻Σǳ֮£Ϊڤڤ֮Уһػ塣
Ȼ֮֮ͣ꣬ǶЩ飬ҲʮֵڵѾǸˡ
ʱĳ֣ԣҪٴѰһٵƣ
Ϊһǽ֮ĴУǾܹǴѪļ˺п֣ܳһµ̹𣡶ǸʱȻҲûа취ΪһУ̹һ༶ĴڣΪ
Ҳ˵һǵǿ֣߳ǲڣ
СӣΣɿԼ˰Ҳǻر˫ֶΣܹǵֵƬֵ̣֪ܹãһٶǽ֮Ҳûаֶο
ǸʱֻǿԼˡ
ʱһƬ嫵ǳ棬Ƶ𽥵رҫ۵Ĺâ׵ɢ
ǽ֮׵޵ĺǳУΪˣһƬǳʵǿռ䷨ɵģԶԣֻҪǷſһУȼܹ֮ںһ
̣νǾĶǣΪҪȼԼںһѰˣҲûԣ
ɱ䣬ҪһḶ́ȻƲ֪磬Ѿٶȶһνٵ
Ͼһɱ䣬пܴѪôʱ壬ܹǳһ̹һĴڣǸʱνȻҲܻٴڣ
飬ԣǾԲֵġ
ʱ֮磬ʱȴǶ֮ͣȻǺˣ
£ԼĿռ䷨ǿеشͨǼڽһ˲䣬ǲ˲Ծһɹɰѹ˲
ѹ
ƶ͵׽Ҳǲһ˿Ծ֮ôǳ˰ѹ
ѵǸйϵôʱɶҲüͷʵϹϵģһ㶼ʲô飬Ȼ·ҲǴ֮統УʵǺ뵽йϵ
˵ĪСͻˣ΢΢üҲЦĻҲĳ֡
ź˵ƶɶҲһۣ͸¶һŨŨ𺳣ͻƣͻƵĻǿɾˣ
˵ܹ½䣿ƶҲһ־ɵϾڰ½ԣĴڣѾǼˣûгֹ
ǼһԣƺûʲôܲܵġƶҲѵõһЦˣ漣ͨǸСһﶼóġ
ȷʶ㳤ʱ䣬ǼҲǼʶʲô漣ûпܵ飬ȻȴܹڷƵϳ֣ⲻɵ˾÷˼
ǰĻǷҲǧŵһˡƶЦһͻƵ𾳵Ĵô˵ȥȷ˾𾪣ϾŰ½ͬľǣ½ܹȻ½ܣ
һ㣬ˣͬʶǷǰƺҪʶ
ƵûзӦ
ȻʱҲתɶʵ
ɶͳȻɢŹâȴûа㲨ţƻţȴ֪ĸλá
Ŀռ䷨̫ǿˣĲ޷ѰҷںδɶҲҡҡͷƺе㼬֡
ĴأȥġȻʱƶȴЦŵȻܹҵơ


2887 
ʱ֮棬ȻҲǲΪѰѾǽ֮統УʱڴҪĹͷ֮УҪһֵʱ䣬ܹǳ׵ؽԼ֮꣬ںһ𣬳ɾĲ֮
֮У粻ͬǺһ㣬ӿϣǴݻ֮һ㣡
ûõģȻ֮˵ݻپܴݻٵģ
ʱҲŭһȫתϵظһУϵɢ
ӦûκˣֻǺµҪݻһУ
֮ڲǼͦûΪڽ֣˰㲨ҲǿԿó֮ɵ֮ǿԸ
ˣҪݻ֮Ǿ͵ң
ЦصΪ֮ػߣڣ֮ǲܵκӰ죬ȷ֮ϣǶ񽫶ԣԴӳΪ֮ػ֮󣬽Ͳ֮ڣҪԸҲǵûһ
Ȼʱ׹˸֮УԼظһģûй̶òȴˣпԿòΪع졣
վ̲סô
Ȼ¿ģ֮񽫵ɫҲ࣬
ÿ
ȻʱһۻҲǴ֮дͬԽʱһֲɣĸоñ֪ǿɻǱŵһ亹
ӹϵĴڣ߶ԣһֱ˵УȻȴܹ˭ܹɹߣʲôĴڶûŪ֮·νǿɱ̾
ΥŮʥ־ͼҪ䣬ȴ㱾Σ
ȴ˿壬
ĨɱһĴڣҵΣ
ȻĻشȴ˵ؼȴɫ𽥵ʱظоԽԽ磬һľĸо
ԭˡѹǲгԽĴڡ
ʱҲƺǷʲôɵǺȻˣ
һ֣õ񽫾ѣΪ̹֮ʣǱ輫Ϊǿ֮ȼĴڣҪɱҲûа취¡
ǡ¹ȥˣΪȻˣʲô
̹ǵȾţ̹ȴҪͼԽ̹
ôȻܹӴѪһؿջǱνͷ壬սһеϣƺҲͨ࣬ԣӦǳֹλĴڣȴһֱûܹУܼ򵥣ΪĴڣ
֪Σ䣬кܹң
˵ϣͬںǳ֮ϣ
˲ܣܡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦʧˣԶ޷ͨѪվ̹ģγԽ
ԭںܾ֮ǰǷ˱仯̹ΪҪƹƽ⣬̹Ůʥʧڻ֮У˽ģҪ
̹ļǿûͬҲǸǾԶ޷ͻƣ
ģû̹ûŮʥ󣬵̹٣Ůʥ죬ȻҲ޷ıֻӹ
ĹһУ̹־
Լ뵽˴İ취ŮʥԵɣҲǺͨЩѪ֮еһЩͼԼļ
ҲΪΣһֱҪԷ׷Եʣ
Ϊ֮ڵѪӵҪĶ
УôȻܹյѪһЩӶԼƼ飬ǵһηڹȥ꣬ǳֹľţǶ֣׷սǣ
Щȥ循ŵڣҪĶͬһ㣡
ҷƵı仯ֵŸΪؾޣ޷ֹƵҲΪ㣬һΣŷܹͻƵĻᣬֱӵؽ֮磡
ɱƣܹõԼҪĶ
ձ蹫ƽһеѾ䵽زôʵǿɱ
Ҳ쳤̾һܹ㣬οģ
޷ҵģ٣
ٶͬһ𣬴˴˵صļžһΣ֮΢زţ
ͬһʱ䣬ںǳеķƣȴ͵˫֮˸貵ɫâһ޵Ŀռ䣬ص
Ȼǲʲôڹؼʱ򣬵¾ѣҲûа취ڿճ֡
ܿˣҪʱ䲢ֻ࣬Ҫʱɣ
ðʱ֮Ҷܹں֮ɾĲ֮
֮У񽫵ɫ΢΢ر仯һ£ղŵõӰѣ̺ܣԼϡ
Ȼ֮⣬վ㲻񽫼Ϊ˵Ϊ޷Ըô
ҲǱòͷԣƺӦóΪµĴڣһУǳֹŻӵе
Ȼһͬ÷ƳɳȥôԼ޷ƿطƣ˵ǻɱƣȡѪ֮еҪĶ
壬ͬҲǷǳ˽⣬ŮʥľԼ壬ܹＫµ壬һǷγɳѱǳֵڶ̹
ȻǸʱɾΣˣ
֮ǵȼĴڣֻƽƽѣһ̹ȼĳ֣ôҪ練Ƶѣһͷ˲䱻Ĩɱ
ԣ֣ҪһеѿǶɱҡС
Ҫֹ룡
ȻʱҲŭһһͷɫ޷Զ˵һӾ£һ˲䣬Ҳ𽥵ɢɫҫâͬһս
ƾ㣿
ߣҲҪƣƺǰµػߣʧ
Ҽ֮ɣΪ²ϧȼԼȻҲǿԣ񽫵һӱƽص޷սʤ㣬㣡


2888 
Ǽ䣬֮У񽫵Ӱһͬȼյһ㣬ޱȣ˵ӰҲҲǳ׵رͬʱʧһ㡣
֮Ҳͼ죡
Ӧ񽫵ĶһȻҪ񽫣Ҫһ򣬵ǲû
վӲ㣬Ȼ磡
£µøӵطһӱ˺ѿռ䣬µĲһӱ
۵Ĺâĺ֮УҪ֮׵ظƽ
Ȼභ֮䣬֮磬ҲһطҵĿռ䷨Ե쳣񱩣ǰһɿסǵȥ·
ǰ쳣ҵĿռ䷨򲨶мΪֲǴ֮
ʱҲ΢΢üͷܹסȥ·ģҲֻܹ
ƺڽж
ƶȴûвƵκƺ档
ƾ
ʱɶе򣬼صзӦˣ
ƶһۣҲǿ֮ϣԭƽޱȣԴӿһƬ֮ǴݳһֲĲ˵ˣƾ⸽
޷ǰУһ٣ûа취⡣
üͷҡҡͷǰһĻȷоûа취ǰУǵȥ·һ쳣ذ磬Ȼܹú޲ߣ

ɶһ£֮Ҳ͸¶һǣĻôƵΣճ̶ȣͻǸӵΣգ
ȻʱȴǺΪѵֻܹؿŷƳ£
Ҫ̫ģһģǷơƶʱһ֮Ҳһȷ˵ڽ
˭
ʱжǸͷ֮磬Īɻǿߴڣеϣ֮磬ֻпռ䷨Ĵڣһпռ籩ȻҲδܹƬطõͣ
ռ籩һ֣ȻǺҲò˱ᣡ˵ˡ
磬˽ǲ
һƬ޷Խ̾˿Ǳ紦۷һˣǵλ֮ϣʱգǷ֣磬֪ͬ򵥡
һԽǿ֣߳Ҿ֪磬δӴƶҲԳһЦ
Ǹ޷ʲôֻжϵƾ棬ֻܵˡغһҲûа취飬Ƕԣǰ޷ͻơ
ɶҧ촽֮ǵɫҲΪҲǲҡҡͷˣֻڴ˵صȺš
ʱ֮񽫽ȼΪ֮ػߣԲʱҪԷƳ֣
񽫣Ƭֻ̣ǶԸ鷳һѣһ¶˾ģҪѹǿ׾֮¡
Ҳһɣ
һűĪҲһƽʱ񽫸ֱӵرѹһǲܶ
㲻㣬ǧ򲻸ãԼ˽ģһֽ⿪Ѫ֣ǳɳ̹ǵȼǿߣͻǱĨɱ
񽫣Ȼʱѹȴ˿η壬ֱ¶һĨȻЦݵ޷磬һΣˣҲ޷ά̫ðɣڶģ֧Ųǰõʱ䣡
̹֮ϣӦóֵĵط޷磬Ϊ̹طȻҲֶ̹Σ
ط£ΪֹһĻĳ֣
Ҿɱ㣡
ĿǰƺǱ²⵽ˣҲһǲ֪γֵǾǷŭ
ɱҰɣɱңҲ޷ֹľѣˣˣ
ȻƬ֮ͬǲʲôҲ¶˷Цݣķŭһ֮Ҳ¶һظɫ
ػô꣬Լǿܹ̳֮ˣ


2889 ѣѪ
Ϊ񽫣ʱܵ˴֮Ĳһֶһ޶Ĳ
ޱߵǳУռ䷨ͬǷǵһװռ䣬Ȼʱ룬һӰţϣ𽥵ظֳһͭɫâ
һ̣بŲĺǳȴ𽥵سһֱ仯ŷͭɫâһһɢ𽥵ر鲼ޱߵǳ
Ȼϣͭɫâɢǳػʵϣȴһַǳ˵ٶţһ̣͵˫췢һŭ
ͭɫâϵţо˵嶼ڷһֲı仯ֱ仯ǰڣ
ңƴʱԺ͵һ죬һͬǿһ磡
ָоͬǱһ䣬ⱲӶֻܹⷿ棬ȻͻȻһ£㷢֣ԼⷿǽڣӶǿ磡
ָо÷˶Ǹоһ˷ܣ֮ʵѪҺҲǷڲѣͬǶʲôһ㣡һ㣬ƲҲ޷ȥ׷
ǣʱоޱȣͬѵĳڤڤ֮еļ
ת֮䣬ͭɫâѾɢǳһ̣Щͭɫâͬŵ˾ͷһ㣬˲֮£Ǽٵأؽ˷Ƶ֮У
ͭɫâĲϵƳѣһ̣оһɾ޴Լţֳĸо˷ޱȣ
ر˫ƺڽԼϵطţ
ûзֵǣͭɫâĲǰͬ嫵ǳ󣬴ʱȴѾγһƬڰޱߵļޣһƬڣͭɫâţеĿռ䷨۷صƵڣ
֮ںϳɹ֮ȻҲܹõֻ֮ҪͭɫâػصԼڣôͻٶȷһһı仯
ɱ䣡
ʱѾֹܹƵɱ䣬֮֮Ҳǿʼ𽥵ҡһһĪϵɢԽԽǿңǱѹ񽫣ǸΪ˷ܣΪ֪ʱѾܹˣȻҲУ
վǲ㰡
ȷ֮жʱҲǰȲ٣ҲǶЦ
һű仯ĪӣһûκԶԣǷ籩֮ǰ
֮ںɣӵĲ֮޷ɱ
˿ǲ仯ܹĲ࣬ҪľǾʱ䣡
ȻʱڷƶԣȴȻطһֱ仯Լϲı仯ǾͭɫâԼڵʱȴǲ֪ΪΣһͭɫâ޷ػع飡
ΪҲͣӲؿƿ𣬽һ֮ң
ƻ˻ĳҲ˫ȻȴѰҲ⵽ΪΣΪʲôԼһܹͻɾͰ½ǧܹ飡
Ѫ
ȻʱغһҲ֮ɸ˵飬֮ڣһּŮʥµһҲһֱֶΡ
ּ嶼Ǵڣǿ߻ߣֻǲһĳ̶ȣǲѪĴڣ
ҲΪѪĴڣûгֹ嶼ûгֹһ𼶵ǿߣ
һ̣ƻر˫˵Ķƽһ״̬һƬڰУȻƴڰУܣȴǶȻسâ
Щâϵعᴩһγһ޴Σ׵ؽŷƵ壡
Ѫô
û˫ӦڵѪڵһĳ̶֮õѪˣԼܹǸӦ
ҲΪνѪ֣Ż޷յʣͭɫâΪʣһ֣ɱ䣬Ӷǽ𾳣
ĿǰƺҪһҪȥνѪ
ͷһתƬڰĿռ֮УƵ忪ʼǿĲȻѪˣôҪľǣԼ˫֣ȥѪ
ѪʲôҲҪֻ֪ţԼȭͷԴһУ
ɣҴһУȻ֮£Ƶзŭ


2890 ǰʹ
ʵϣڷƵܣȴûκζ֣ЩνѪֻǴڣ
ѪҲ͸ûʲôƶǿֻʱԺظо֮ڣһε
Ҫľǣ
Ȼʱ޷ȫں֮˵Ǵ½䣡
һ˲֮£ڵתĿ飬Ǵ֮ʱ䷨ǿռ䷨򣬴ʱѸٵת
ĵȻͬʱȷһӵں
ⱾڲͬʱȴǱǿеںò˵һΪʹḶ́ΪǿںϲͬڷƵ壬˼Ĵˡ
ܹŹȥǵһ㣬һǷƵֲ֧ôͻǳ׵ʧأȻԼǷʲô飡
Ʒһʹһ̣棬ȻرѪ˿񱩵ڷƵڣϵתţû̵ںһ
ƱֻܹľǣǿںĵĻûаմЩļ
ҵǣֽȻ֮ͬУһ飬ҲǷӦϵɢǲظ˴ϢĻᡣ
غһҲغһǿеҧţǲϵת໥ںһ⡣
Ϊ֮ԵΪкͣһǡܹкһǴ֮Ŀ񱩣⴦ʱ䷨֮ϣʱ䷨޷ſռ䷨ںһͬˮһ㡣
ҲûаͷǰҪʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ںһ𣬷ĻƵѪ
Ҫôַܹںϣ
ҲǽޱȣǰоҲ֪Σһֱǻ֮棬һԶԣʱǰȫģ˵ˡ
֮ػһʱزһӡ
ƵǰѪĻȫں֮ӶԼľ硣
ɵĹͷ֮£ƵԺ֮УͻȻˣ½ʱԼǼʶֶΣʱſռַںһ𣬶һʱܹ
ȻܹĻôͬҲܹ
ǿԼ侲ƻر˫ţڵĿռ䷨Ϊǿһϸ˵ռ䷨򣬲ԼǵԼռ䷨ĵز
Ǵ֮ϸԣԼΪͨǿǴ֮еӶһֶΣ飬Ȼɲ
ʱ䷨򣬻ҲܹԼһԶԣʱ䷨սһѵʯʱ䷨š
ڿռ䷨ԣڵʱ䷨򣬻ΪСϾռ䷨Ѿռĵز
ҪȫںϣҪһΪ壬ȻһַµǣȻǿռ䷨ռĵزҲûа취ѹסʱ䷨
Ϊڤڤ֮Уʱ䷨ڿռ䷨֮ϣȲǷܹıġ
Ҳˣûа취׵ںһ
ҾͲˣ
س֮󣬷ҲһŭûоԵٿµһˣҲûаԡ
һֱţûµֻµߣ
ƿصģѭģ
˭˵ʱ䷨Ҫڿռ䷨֮ϣֻҪռ䷨ǿһĵزҲ㹻ѹʱ䷨
ǿһҲǽҧأֱӵؾӲ˿ռ䷨ԣȻֱӵǿʱ䷨
񣬷Ѿ˿ռ䷨հ壬ޣνޣǾһжڣ˵ʱ䣡һбսᵱ£ͲʱĴڣ
ٶҲ÷һʹ֮Уʱ䷨ķˣԣҲһּΪеƻʱʱ䷨ͬһƤĺͯԼ֮Ĵܣſռ䷨ǿںϣ
ںϣ
ŭ˫˿˿Ѫ˿˫ֺʮǿеش߶ѾںϵǴ֮˲Χ¶ȥ


2891 Ƽ
һӣƺƵͬһ㣬˲ϯǲư㷴ӦĻᣬ֮ڣһʹĸоָоͬҪ÷Ƴ׵ػԹȥһ㣡
һΣڵʱ䷨վ޷ӵõǿΧ£ջǱӲÿռ䷨ǿںһ
䣡
ڷڣȻشһ޴ĺͬʱ֮ڣȻҲǷϲı仯
ʱ䷨һ˲䣬γɱǿͬһжǱ㣬еһ˲䣬Ϊ̡
Ȼ״̬ǳƬ̣һתţ÷ٶǻعȴǷ֣Ƭ֮Ǿںһŵģһȴһİȴ˸ŵâ
İԼƻܹǲõһֵĽɫڳ֣ʱ䷨
ںϡںϳɹˣ
ʱҲǹһЦ¶ϲ֮⣬ԼȻѾںϳɹˣ
ͬʱ֮ߣǰȻش˿ȴһʧˣȱʣõһ㶣ΪͻȻ޷˷Ƶ֮ͬʱû̫ǿҵĲڴݶ
ҳ֣࣬Ѫ޷ơʱϲŭ޳شݶȻҲǲ֮һӾʧӰˡ
ôܡ
ǳһҲҡҡͷ¶һŵɫ⵽ô£ǰһ̣ŷƵΪһ˲ȴǰ㲨ûУ֮𽥵ƽ
ȻͻƲѪڵĶ͹ˣ
ʱҲǶȻһ䣬ͬҪһ㣬ϾͣʱѾ޶ˣ֪ԼĻᣡ
ڣ룡
ŭһٶ֪ڳûǶҪ֣֮Ȼ޷ػ֮ƹǴ֮Ǵ֮ϵ֮ķƣνûа·ԣǸʱܹ·ƣ
Ȼ֮£һ÷Ƴ⣬ôǴţδǧ꣬޷ٳһͬǿߣǿߣҪǳ׵ؽ⿪ѪҲʮֵѣ
Ϊʲô񽫣ԸƴԼҲǲԸ⿴Ƴ£
Ϊϴʱ縺ţ֮ɵϣϣѱ䣬û˿ԴѪﵽ̹һôԲ˵պһƬ䣬ǳ׵ݵУ
һ㣬Ը⿴ģΪȥˣԴŮʥ㳤õʱȥˣǳ˷ôһѪˣƲɹǲУôǲ֪Ҫȥܹ꣬ǳֵڶˡ
κΣ񽫣ʱҲǱѹѹţѹûаķҴʱҲǿʼ֣µһһâ֮ݺݵ񽫵ϣ
ҪǴ֮ĥ񽫵һУ
ϵ貹âϵ˸ţһߣĬĬţȻҲûа취ֻ漣ĳ֣
֮£ֻڴ漣ĳ֣ȻĻһ䣬ôǵϣͻǳ׵
Ȼʱ֮ڣҲǻȫеΪһ壬һ£ƿֲ֮ٶ
û£ڼ¶ϲɫȻʱʱӰȴ𽥵رΪʱ̵ĥͼҪٵ
䣡
һ죬ڷƵڣҲǶȻشһ޴ĺڷƵڣ޷ѹ֣˫ŭɣ˸һĨɫâ֪ƾںϣ޷⿴ļ
жÿﵽı
غһһο˲Ǵ߶תʱ˿̣˵ͬһ㣬ֱ۱ôִ󣬶ŵƲϣûܹ֪ƵһǶôؿֲ
ƣ
͵̧ͷ޵Ŀռ䣬ȻǰһȻȴʮֵǿĺڰ֮УһѪļҪľǣ㾡Լȫһ
ŷƵĳ֣Ϊ֮ʧɫǿһ


2892 ѣ
£ض˱仯ϣһһ˵ϷͬĩһõĲˣ־塣
ǰãһӵĪϢӰ٣ٳʵѰ˼⵽Ƿʲô顣
ػһ壬ԯͷʱվɽ֮ϣ紵ѹѹƣƺʱҪѹȴ̧ͷͬԿǳصƣֱŲ񷡣
Ѫļ
ԯͷ૵صҲûǹ˵ʲôƺ֮飬ܹһЩ˿
֮ڣ貵âʱȻ𽥵رǳżΪµĻ֮ʱڲϵضĥ
Ȼȴ˿⣬ƴԼţѹԼϾȥֹƣȻһĻܹʱ䡣
Ϊٵʱ޷̫೤ãܹסһǶһ룡
κΣվȻ֮ڣ֮ϣȴԼĪǹȥƬ̣˵ӰͬһƲӰʱпʧ
ں嫵ǳ֮ڣ֮ڲʱŭоɫâڲϵ˸ָɫâƣͬһʣƷǷ
ʱУֱǰ޿ռ䣬Ȼһȴ𽥵ضһڵѪ
Щᴩݺᣬγһ޴׵ؽԼסҲ͵ػԼȭͷһ֮£Ϊ֮ɫԼûа취²õһ׻жǿ
䣡
һ죬ȻشһƬ嫵ǳ󣬴ʱȴ͵һ£ɫâͬһ㣬ѸٵسһƬռ䣡
ǣޱȿµ֮£˶Ǳֿµţ֪ԼǷܹشѪˣ
һǿһֻһλᣡ
£һȭ£½ͬ綼ڲѣԽԽŨȴǸһּΪѹֵĸо
еǿߣ̧ͷעŲ񷣬ԼƺڴʲôȻͬĩһأǲ֪ΪΣ˵棬ǶȻظһ궯
һֿһĿȻͨȼǿߣҲǲ⣬ڵָоΪǿң
֮ڣ֮ͨУǺѹѹƣʵѪҺͬһӵطעŲ񷣬ԼزʲôվϰϢͬʱһɢ
ѹѸٵȣȻͨȴһһŰ֮ȥɫþȻÿһ£ϢǱð粻ѣ
һĻҲͬس֮ڣŵɫأ֪ԼڣΪλָоǡָоþ޷ƽڵͬһӿҪʲôһ㣡
ͨ죬ͣ۷ǿߣȻȴǲ뵽ڵ궯ȴָоͬҪͻƵһ㣡
ǡ֮ϻʲô
ͷǺŻͨ죬Ƕ޷˵վڰ֮Уر˫ȫͬϯľκһ㣬ϵسǵ壡
һ㣡
ͨͬһʱ䣬˫֪ǷȱһһǶ֪
ʱںǳ֮УǿֲѾ޷֮֯統еĺҲܹʮظоһε
áÿµ
ƶ͵صɴԼ˫ǰһƬ޷ԽоޱȣΪؼǣһȻڷƵģ
Ȼȴܹǿֱ޷ף
ȷǷƣһķ˷츲صı仯͵ؽ׵Ҳ̲ס΢زһֲŵ˰½䣡
ԣɶƶһ㶣¶Ϊ𾪵ɫ⡭仰˼ǡƾȻܹͻƵ𣿣
䣡
һ춸Ȼ𣬲ͬǰ𺳣죬ÿ˵Ժ֮лصÿˣǰ½磬ʶˣ
ͬһʲôõڵһ˲ˣ
ںǳ֮УһжǱ˰ޱȣûǰͬǰʱ䷨Ҳû˴ްͭɫһСΨкڰ


2893 
Ȼͬǹһ˲䣬Ҳͬǹȥ꣬ڰ֮УȻ¶һ˫˫
Ǿѵô
һͬһһµľɫâѸٵسһƬռ䣬һ޳Ӱ𽥵سֶȻǷƣ
ǳһ㣬˫ת֮Уǧǳ𣬷ƻһ̤֮£޵Ŀռ䣬ǳһһɢ

ƿԼƣ֮ҲֲŵĸоȻȻܹΪڿѪҲǱƣ
½꣬ͬħһ㣬˵ͷ֮Уһʶô޵ľţȻҲֻ޵һؿǰ
񡭡ܹһؿسɾ˰½ֵĵһλ
ҡԶԣǴѪƲ֪ǣŮʥʩѪ£һһܹѪôһƬأ˵ļǳ׵ر򿪣
ǰ½ģģЩϱڣʱŷƾѪ֮һжɢ
ⲻò˵ŮʥµһֶΣΪһǳһѪˣǾʹţ̹ػⷽ磬ѾΣա
ԣŮʥ־Ѫһǳһ˴ƣ壬˵ļǳ׵ؽ⿪ֻԶԣģ壡
Ϊ壬Ǽ̳ϣ壡
ܹ̹ǵȴڵ壡̹ŮʥϣһƬصϣ
ȻҲǲѪ֮Уͨͺţ˲ؽͻƵĹ֮УȻԼҲǲΪܹͻơ
Ǹо棬ƺʧĳֶʧѹֲסǽͻƣ
Ѫ
Ѫ
𲢷յ㣡ʱͨ죬һ㣬Ŭس
ƿһԼ壬ȷøǿˣǿǳϣһִͬ㲻壡ȻȻ㲻
ϣ³̹Ůʥ󣬾ûܹ֪ʲô㲻
ȻȴǷˣԼ֮ǲȴΪڵʱ䷨򣬷ɱ䣬ԼһЩʱ䷨ռ壬㣡
Զԣռ䷨ռޣʱ䷨Ҳûռ壬һξѣøΪǿˣ¶ʱ䷨ĸҲǸΪ̣Լشʲô
غһûмʲôʱ֮ѾǱںϣԼܹ׵ƿ֮Ȼ޷ȫط֮
ʱͻȻüͷͬǲʲôʱͻȻѾ٣
˻֣ƵӰȻʧ˴˵أһ˲䣬֮ڲƵӰȴͬһĳ֣ȻǰһĻȴŭ
һˮͰһɫâʱڻһϵŰ֮е񽫣񽫵Ϣڴʱ֮£ϢøΪʱпʧ

ŭһ͵̧ͷ˰֮УһŴ۵Ĺâ֮Уһһž޴òòȴ˸о˵ؼɵ

ƣվǳɹˣ̳֮Ѫվǲ㣡
ʱʶüΪޣо˷Ƶĳ֣ȻҲһЦ¶˰οɫ
񽫣ס
ŭһ±Ҫ֣Ҫ񽫣нȳȻһ̣ȴֱӵذˣµǴ֮ϵ۶֣
ͬһ㣡֮ǿʼ΢زš
Ϊһֱûж㶯Ĳ֪ϼһʱô
ʱһ̺ųҲǴһž޴ӿдƳһǴ񽫵ȻѪҲˣͻƣһͻƣȻǴ
Ȼҽٵʱ䲻࣬ͻƣҿǽǴĽ٣ͣڴ˵أ
񽫣̫ˣˣôҲûκüֵˣ
ޱȵĮͬһһףֱӵ񽫵ˣڽһɹɸΪµǴȻؽ٣֮綼˲


2894 
£˫ûϵ֮һֱʱ䣬ûȻǶԸƣһֱڵȣ
ʲô㲻㣡ǻӣԶԣһֱͲ֣һǷ޷ѪֱӵԣΪʡġ
ڶƴѪǳɹԼĽûܹ飬Ǿǳ½ȴܹʶ
㣬ܹΪͻ֮󣬱ȻҪǴ
һƴǴôԶԣɿԹûʵؼռ䣡
ƣҹ͹㡣
񽫲ҽвϣ˫ŭĻ棬ȴûаã޷
ҲΪǴѾǽ٣ʱ޷ǰȥ
ҫ۵âУһž޴ӣ֣ͬǸӲһ㣬ĸԴԴϵǴ֮еɫΪѤãǲ˭֪һεǴʮֵΣգ
ʱ֮統Уƶɶʱһ㶣˰Ļ֮ϢֱǰδţһεؽȻ˿µǴ
ô죿
£ɶҲ¶ɫ˳̶ȵǴ˵ǷƣȻͬǣ޷ԣֲ̫ˣ
ģЩεƲ
Ҳ¶˼ʱǰǵǸǴǽǶǳ׵棡
ֻǸɵۣȻȴûаܹæһεǴĲֱǰδͬǼɵѡ
֮ԳĪѾƵĽʱƶҲüͷһж̫ˣƱ֮磬ȴβС
¡ƽĳִйϵҲغһǻɣǰһλֵǿйϵпܣƽܵľĴУ
Ǻ΢΢˼һǽò࣬޵ؽӽࡣ
ȱżҲ޷ʲôֻǾصȴšƶҲ̾һȻһ̣ӾҵĲȻش洫
ʱŭӣڵ˲ҲǱǰγһͬǽᾧһķֻ֣ЩɫǴݺݵ˷Ƶĸȴûа㶯
һΣΪ˶Ըƣνرǽڴ˵أɼڷƵıɱ֮ģ
ɫǴһһȻȴ˫ͬ޾ǳһ̣Ȼ̧Ųһһ£
ǧǴ֮ǰУǻǰЩΪµǴҲ޲ߣѾټɵǴûκֱӵز
ˣ룡
ʱǳ޾ϵŭʱһ㣬һȻ֮£һĨ貹âȴͬһ㣡
񽫣
˫ȻŭɣѾƿ֮ȻΪ֮ػߣ֮䣬ǴűȻϵȻ񡭡ȷǸоõ񽫵겨һ˲䣬ȴֱӵؼ
겨ʲôԶ
˫֮е𽥵ɢȻȴעŷƣȴ¶˰οЦݣܹģѾˣΣƱҪԼȥԣ
ͬǼĹâҲͬһתŵ̻ţʱ˿̣񽫵Ӱȴ͵ػâ׵ɢ˰֮У
żƻ֮Ǵ֮УĹâһһɢţͬ꼻һ֣
һĻ˶ѹֲסеŭ⣬ֱ޾ŭ˵ҲһӵرüΪƽؾԼơ
һǻһľɫâȻظָ⡣
ȡͼԸң̫ˣ
ϵٶһž޴ӣʱ¶һӸµ̬ŷƣ÷һּΪŭҪ˺ǰһ
ôҵҪԿ
ƺжȻ˸ɫʱ֮ڵҲѸٵת
ּȻͬٶҪתΪһҪԸǲܵ飬֮䣬һ࣡
ͷһתȻ֮£ܵľɫת䣬ֱӵ֮һֱӵس֮統С


2895 ֮
£֮統Уǿµ˲ϯ
͵̧ͷҲǷһɼǿӿֶУвŭȵˣ
Ϊ£ǰǴһεǣǸղһ˲䣬˲ʧˣǣǳżǿĻ֮
ƶɶǸˣûκγɣ±͵˺
Ȼʱ˿̣֮綼𵴲ϣǺޱͷŶҪһƬ֮綼ǳ׵شݻһ㣡
Ƿƣ
Ȼʱɶе򣬶Ȼطҫ۵Ĺâನ
ǣʱȴǲϵ˺ǿµϵɢǸǱܲ
һ̣һĮȻŭǳ׵ػص֮磬ͬĵૣ
㣡
֣ͬŹħһ㣬£ֹͣţһ̣һɸΪ貵ľɫȫȡ׵ؽסЩҪϵɢ
˫ֺʮ˫ضʱ䷨ססЩǴ֮ķΧΪܸ֪ɶ˵Ĵڡ
ʱڷƵУһƾɫâʱȴǶȻط˱仯ʱʱŤţǿռ䷨İ壬ޣ
ںҲûа㱣͵ػȥЩɫâͬһӭ˲֮󣬱ǳһƬء
ͬܵͻȻѹһ㣬һŴ׹֮еľ޴ӣʱҲǱࡣ
֪һĻ΢΢̧ͷɵ¶ɻɫʱƺʧ⵽Ƿʲô飿
Ȼȴǲ֪ǣԼջ֮֮ǸԼһּİ֮ԸһйȻ٣ȻĹ
֮ڣǼͣţ֮ջأȻҲĹĹų
ƺǲǿĴڳ統УĹ̹Ůʥһ£ȻҲȫûа취Υ档
һΡˣ
ǳϵϵֱŷƵһ죬һԳֻɱ㣡
֮һģӣ𽥵ʧУǴûгֹһ㣬һĻı仯Ȼ÷벻
ⲻŷưȫˣʧˣǴڼ
޷ȴǿԾǴĿ³̶ȣ
£ܵǴ֮Ǽ䣬øΪֲһɽ壬ɫЯ޾Ϣâϵ˸֣ЩǴǷƱҪԵģ
ԶңһεǴһǣҲûа취
ʱƵĴ˺ȼˣȻҪжɽ٣ȻпܻӰ쵽ˡ
Ǽˣ
΢΢˫ۣԼǰֵһɫâҲ֪ǷƵֶΣΪǵֵµǴ
ǷҪԼһЩǴɶ¶֮ɫȿµǴǰδһ÷ƶԵĻǷǳѣ
һεǴǰһǸ޷֡
ƶ߰ɣƼȻ˵ӦԼֶΣҲѡ
ɶ֮£ҧ˺촽Ҳ˼˺ǾźԶľ룬ͣ
Ȼʱڲ˶Ѿ˵㹻ľ֮Ҳһ̧ͷɨӶܣĿһƬâͬԼһƬ׵統У
ֶâÿһǴɽ壬ӵ޾ĿǷȴ˿壬棬һɫâΪ׵ظЩǴ˺
غһϲģȻʱҪľǣͬ˵һ㣬Լϣ
ǰЩǴȻ£Ҳǲûа취Ըţƻڰ֮£ֱӵؾǽĳ״̬С
㣬ͬɮ붨һ㣬УȻϸĲǣڲϵسЩǴ֮ĳ֮ʣһɫâΪ񱩵ĳ
ȻÿһǴ£ƱǿյЩǴ֮֮еľ裡ЩǴ̺֮Ȼã׳ԼӵеǴ֮
ٶҲֻзƲˣ롣


2896 
£˶ǴһƬΪµǴ֮УһԵǼΪµǴǰǴһζǾس֣һǼΪһ֣
ķѾǸƣҲֱӵԼڵ赲һǴĽ٣
ɢʵâͬһжһ㣬˶ǲϵһͬһԣ׵ظܵϢЩͬɽһִˮ׼ʱҲǲϵؽ
ǣһЩǴûܹǽƵ嵱Уظˡ
ʱϢǾʧӦǰصķѾ޷֣Ե·ƶܹ޼ɵЩǴ
ϣ·ڳżΪµǴҲǷž˵ɱ䣬Ǵ֮˶ԣǽֽǶԣǴΪֶΣû֮һ
̵УˣʱҲֻԶۿţ޷ʱڷƷԲ֮ڵķΧǳżΪµǴ֮ȻȾ磬ҲǲóȻؿ
Ʊǿˣǿ󣬿ҶҲ֮ȡƶظиţµǴͬ裬ͬһܣһҲر룬ĬĬؽɱ䡣
һ·۶ûнͻƣȻȴһһߵ۷壡
ԣ𲢷۷塣𵭵һЦҲԶ૵صһѾǽͻˣ
˵ͨţ
ƶ΢΢һ㶣Ҳ¶˲ŵɫǻͻƣô£
ղŷƽһ˲䣬ҵڷЩ仯ƺһЩҵĶֱӵʧˣûв´ĻͨǸܸΪǿҡ
صص֪ǵ𾳵۷壬ȻȴǸͣ꣬ÿһ춼ڳͻƣȻȴûаܣΪһֱһֿڡ
˵ûղҵڣƺҲĳһ㡣ʱɶҲǻؿڵԣа𣬿ǰƬصˣȻΪͣȴܹܵѪı仯ӷƽһ̿ʼƵĲǰ½䣬䣬𡭡۷塣𵭵һЦ
ĻδеˣһǳܹͻƵպһƿӡٶǳ֮ʣǵ롣
ƶΪ֮͵ģΪƶ𲢷ó֮Ҳܹ뵽һ۷壬ô壬ǳ֮ϵǿߣôͬҲǿԣ
һλǿ֣߳׵ؽڵĵطӡǧ꣬ǧ֮ڣˣǲõɵ⣬Ȼǧ֮ٶȽ֮ʣпǻøӵؿ£
ΪɣֻǽϣڷƵϣѾǲһεشƳˡ̾Ǵǧ֮еķƣҲǸиǧ
һ벽ۣɳһһ˭Ϥ̵ļɾǺˣķƣǴ֮ʣҪ˳־
ǣʱķƣȴԼɱ䣬ǿһĻǧΪµǴϵ£Ȼûаˣɱ䡣
ɶңңؿŷƵıӰ֮еĵ֮ɫƺҲɢ࣬һĻҲõ֪ƲаΣգԶԣһǴ󣬷ƻǱǰδеǿ
ҲԽǿɶȻҲԽģϾĸŮˣϣԼ˱øӵǿ
ǧУǴܼޱȣϵ£ȻһжδܹǶҡư֣һֱҧܣЩڵǴֱ֮ؾֱӵر
̵УƵøΪǿתӨ⣬˿ȥͬһʣϢڲϵ
һεǴά˰֮ãǳƽļҲõ÷΢΢˫ʱյǴ֮Ҳǵ˱͵״̬
ʱķƣܹǳΪ
͵վڰϢֱһ̣һǿϢѸٵش֮ɢ磬ǰ½ͬ棬µǿߵ
½˶ҡҡͷ¶˲ŵɫȥˣ½ǳ˴֮ô


2897 
Ȼʱڰ½֮УŷôһǿϢ֮˶ǼĪ֮Ϣ
塭ǳһλ𣡡
£һЩǰҲһۣĪȷƾȻܹͻƵ𾳣ʮֵز졣
ǣҲţ½ǲܳ𣡷ƴʱΪѾǴһУ
Ȼ統УŷƵϢ֮󣬵ҲֱӵشݶΪǿϢͬһƬף
֮䣬˶ǶŰչȥΪʱڰ֮УһӰȴɢǰδеǿǵߣ
֮ϵľô
ʱͨҲǻ˫¶һϲɫԣȻܹ֮֮꣬ϵľ磡
֪Ӻʱʼڵģֻˣ֮ϵȷо磬ǽǴ˵֮УҪΪ֮Խ𣬵ȴܹ
ʱգͷߣȴͻˣͨ죬Ǻţﶼʮֵܹ֮ͻƣΪԵʡ
Ϊƣ
Ȼǲ֪ƾ˺£ܹͻ𣬳ɾ͸ǿľ磬һ㣬ŷѲ˸ϵ
СӾȻҲͻˣǷʲô飿աʱҲҡҡͷ벻ףƵǾʲô£ǻ緢Щ仯
Ƕȥ֮ɣҵǡ
ȻʱһƮȻش˵ĶУȻػһԯߣõúͨ춼Ϊ֮һ㶣Ҳûаɣֱӵػգ̤룡
£ڲ˾㵵֮£ͷʵߣƿնȥֱӵؽ֮硣
һ֮磬ʱҲǺ׵ؾǸ֪˷ڵķ˼Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬾Ǹϵˣʱˣԯ߶ǻغһ
ǵԶ𽥵ؼǷƵǴʱǴѾǳ׵𣬶ڷƶԣƬ̵Ĺܹ
Сһǲͨ쿴˷ƵӰҲس޵
Ǿʲô飬ΪǶܹͻϵľ磿ͨ죬࣬üͷʵ
ѡԯ¶صЦݣҲǵһΣҲǿ԰ĵذػһиˡ
ʲôͷ㲻ǿЦɣͨһµȻ²⣬Ǵԯ߿˵һ¡
ԯͷʱҲȰϾػһĴڣ̫ҪˣԣȻͷҲǲƿѹùػһ塣
ػһĴʱ䣬ͷΪԶػһ徿ʲôʱֵģȻػһǶǿ
ôһڷƵеĻȷΪ˾ȡ
õõġԯƽľصػһ壬һֱڵĳ֡
Ȼԯ˵ĻõǶǸоģɣǲףԯҲǻ˻ֵ£÷Ƴ֪ˡ
£Ƭ̣֮統УзڲѵҲһӵƽϢŷƵǴȫعȥˣҲ˵Ӵ֮󣬷ѾΪ
һһ߶ɫƽɨһܣ񽫣Ѿǳ׵УҲϧѣԼһ㣬񽫲
ⶼעġ
£ע⵽ˣˣҲǿ粽ȥһʮƬ֮󣬱ֱӵس˵ǰ
λǰ
ʱҲΪصȴЦŵǰʲôģѾǺһľ磬ƽƽ
û˵ƣ㵽ǾʲôΪλǳ˱仯
ͨźһۣҲ׷ʵϾĺܺ棬ΪܹͻƣľʲôǷҲյ㣿
£ƱһһʮؽԼ飬Ǿ˵Ĵڣ̹ʱ飬һһ̶
Ȼɣһγֵģν֮ˡҲǰһصһγֵİϢһֱڲ뾿֪ȻǸйء
֮ɣǼʶҲһ㶣֮ӦǺľѵǷ֪ô
һۣҲǽ֮ɵһһʮ˵˳


2898 
ڵ֪֮Ϊ֮󣬷Ҳǳ̾һ֮ɣ˽ܣȻʱ䣬ҲΪô顣
±ӡڵĵطҲǷӡǧ꣬ǻΣ
һ˽ܣΪ̹ˣлĽ֣ȴˡҲǳ̾һв֪ݣһ֮ɵĸʵ̫ˡ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷȷ֮ɵΪҲǾ壬ΪȻȳ̶ȡ
ڵǧ֮޷֣ҲǱµؼӹ˷ӡô˵˵ǻǧʱ䡣Ҳغһһǧ꣬˵˵̲̣Ƕԣǧʱ䣬ת˲ȥ
ǵģǧ֮ҪԵģһΪǿɡԯߴʱصӡǧ꣬ǿߣһǾرøΪ¡
Ƶ˵ͷصصڵѪΪҶƣǿߣҲˣһĻҪԵˣǿ߿ɾǱΪǿ󡣡
˵ǶҲǽͻƣȾλ֣֮ϣǷ񻹻Ǵڸǿľ磿ʱͨͺҲһۣʵ
Ͼ統УͻƵˣȴǲڵľ羿ʲôԶʱ飬ʱĹȥѾûκμЩ
̫ԶˣԴŮʥ統У֮սıƬأҲûгֹԽǿߡ
ľ磬Ӧ񽫾΢΢س֮ϣ񽫣֮ϣ龳ǰ֮ɣ龳
񽫣
ͨͺһۣҲǺȻȻ񽫣ʱͻ֮ҲǺԼʱΪԶԶǳȻ񽫾֮ϣȴһ龳
龳˵ļˣΪһ磬̹ļȻΪﶼŮʥģ޷Ϊ̹ǵȼĴڡƴʱҲǽ͵½磬Ƕôޣôؿ̿龳ѾǾͷˡ
ŷƵĽͣҲǵ˵ͷԭ֮ϣŵ֡
ȴǿ⡣ͣһ£ΪŮʥľ壬ӵ޾ǱǿԳɾ̹ȼĴڡ
һȴõΪ֮һȻܹͻƵ𾳣Ҳ̫˼˰ɡ
ŮʥµһֶΣܲͻƣҲһδֻ֪֮Ѫ˶ѡƽţһУջǿԵ
ҿпܳΪ̹ǵȼĴˡʱҲǳϾ壬һ·ҲǴೣ棬ǴѪѲܹΪ̹ǵȼĴڡ
ҡҡͷȲ˵𾳣¾龳쳣ѣֻоЩ飬Ż֪Щ֮еĲ࣬Ƕ
ԶʱţԲ٣ܹɾ֮ģжٸˣ
ڿɲףעңһлᣬ̳Ĩɱҡʼ򣬵ǲ֪ǣҪԼɾ̹ǵȼĴڣӶǿһԼ硣
£ҲһһʮؽЩ˵Ǹղͷ֮£񽫣Щ鶼ǾظԼҲףΣԼҪ
ΪǲŹġ
û뵽İȻ֮࣬ҪɱһСһЦҲЩâһ;ΪľУ컯첻𣡡
ûȻ첻ҵȱ죡ҲˬʵһЦΪҲˣһ뷨ߣô֮䣬ͻǾޱ䡣
ƻ̧ͷŲ񷣬ҲǰȻҲûıҪˣУҵߵı⡣
ʱԯͷؿڵˣƣԵĻϣܹǽӹػһ壬Ϊһػߡ
ԯߵⷬͻȻػǰѷƸһ·Ҳæжػһ壬ͳôԯ߾ȻҪеܲܡ
ƣ˵ػһ壬ΪػһƬڵģȻǴѪˣôأû˱̳ػߡ


2899 µػ
ԯƽؿһ۷Ƶػһ壬Ůʥµĺģ壬һѪȻػһü̳ߡ
ԯ˵˽һ𾪣ԭػһȻŮʥĺôѹԳػһ壬ػһֵʱ䣬ǱͷʵҪ硣
ȻǲΪͷǲ壬ȣǺףػһǸǲϴǺףػһһȻ
һ֮ϵȻػһȴǴ֮УһֱΪһػߵĽɫڣǽӹһ
ԯȴû˵ľɫŷƵңΪҪǣ飬ѵ㲻֪ô
Ȼ飡Ҳʶѿڶʵѵػһļأ
ԯߵ˵ͷûֻһּٵģǸҶδΪֳֻ֮ˣܹǴǹž
£Ʊ˳˼Уò˵ԯΪµػߣȷǺˣһ£ֻҪͷܹӵΪӴ
˵Ϊػһ壬ֱܹӵӵɿʱɿ
Ӧɣ֮⣬û˱ʺµػߡʱԯͷҲǿڵңػһ֮ڣһ飬ӦôһȻҲ㡣
ò˵ǣԯͷջ󣬶ڷƶԣʮֵڸ鶼óջˣҶеԾܾζ
ƣӦɣҲҪԼȥɡʱҲǻؿڵǧ֮磬ʱȻǸӵǿ󣡡
ҵǸʱ򣬵ƾһˣ壬޷ǵֿɡ
ԣҲ˳˼˵ûдҪԵĲɣһһֱЩƾһ˵޷⡣
壬ǴӷƴѪ֮֮ӿֳǿߣȻǸ࣬ǳ𣬵һǧʱ䣬ԣ㹻
ֻҪƳΪػһػߵĻôͬҲǿԳΪػһĳԱǸʱ򣬾ͿԲõЩĴˡ
ԯߴʱҲǿŷƵѵû뵽ػһȫӣ壬Ǹӵذȫ
仰˵˷ƵĿȥˣڷƶԣҪ壡Ϊ֮ϼ縺δ
ãҴӦ㣡
£Ҳǵ˵ͷֱӵشӦϾԣʵ̫ҪˣػһӣǸӵذȫպҲܹͨǧķչӿֳǿߣ
ɱС壬Ůʥϣ壬ǷԼ˵׼Ѫ壬պǷչһʲôĵز
˱ãպػһһػߡʱԯ߿ƴӦҲ¶ЦݵйǸһػһɣٺһЩ飬ǰػһǨƵ½֮ȥ
ԯ˵༸Ҳ¶𾪵ɫ־ٶҪǱ壬Ҫػһȫںϵ嵱аɣ
´Ӵ֮ػһ壬ػһ塣
ȻҲԯĿǣΪΪ壬Ҳǵ˵ͷϾҲһˣΪػߣҲʸ
ˣħѰҵô
ʱͻȻ⣬ɵвʱزܣħвǴڣô˵ħһ첻˵ﶼǲܰ
ħǷǳؿµģ֪Զʱ֮ħ龳ǿ߶ܹǸȾ˵Щ𾳵Ĵˡ
һۣҲҡҡͷûУûа취ܹѰҵõͬǳ׵ʧһ㡣
ԣɵüͷѰҲڻʱӦǳƺΪħΪڻˣôǶԣʵһǳ޴в
Բõĵǣڽķӡ֮ӳˣħҲδܹͻơ΢΢һЦص㹻ʱ䣬ǿʱ䣬ذͷħҳ
ţǰʱ䣬ΪɵԶţڲɵвԲˣôȻԻһѰħˡͨͺһҲǵ


2900 뷨
£ƵĳɹǳΪµػߣҲõԯ߰˲١ȻԣҲһ¡
Ǹһػһ壿ԯͷҲǳʵ
΢΢Ƭ̣ҲҡͷʱףһҪһ˰½Ͼ廹Ҫҡ
ŷ˵ԯҲǵ˵ͷʾ⣬Ҳǵ㴦֮󣬱һػһ塣
лǰЦЦҲǶͨźλǿߵҵȾʱˡ
ŵ˵ͷͨȴѵιСӣ˫ˣʲôʱѻŪã
һգҲԵʱٷ磬Ǵʸ˫ʱһ
ҲɣҲػһһػˣɲ㣬Ȼͬ죡ͨٺһЦ
Ƶ˵ͷҲΪǷʸ˫ģȻҪԼһʢĻֲ
£ˣҲһ뿪֮磬·ƵƾԼǿԺ׵ƿռݣԣûаѶȡ
뿪֮֮󣬷Ҳźˣֱӵؾ뿪磬˰½÷Ƹ̤˰½֮ʣҲǲɵ¶֮ɫ
ôˣʵ
ҡҡͷ¶ЦûʲôƺҴ˼½ֵǿߣҲǶһ㣬˽Ҳͻơ
ܶ磬½ԣⶼǼõһ£ڲ֪ȴͨͺˣûϲǳûͻˡƶҲ̹ȻһЦɱˣ統Уͷ֮⣬ɻŲ𼶱ǿߣǿͬҲǴ֮ãһΣǶԣδҲһԵ
ҲǡƴʱϹ޼ɵʦ𣬺ųƽͬҲ𼶵ĴڣȻȿµĴڣ統Уɲ٣˵Ҳһ쳾У¡
һȴǲСӡ
ԵĻʱ뿴ܲܰһȺϹϾôһǿΪãʵ̫ϧˡƴʱҲϧ
ƶźһҲЦЦ˵ЩϹĸƢŹֵģҪ˵ǣڵ졣
УҲԣҵʱػһݣټǣӦò¡ƳһΪػһĵλԣͷǰ㣬෴ҲǱ״ֻ̬лΣճ֣ػһŻǳ֡
㵹ǿԡ΢΢˼һҲʵػһΣ׵嵱ô
Ƶ˵ͷ˭ֻҪǸվͬһλãѡҲˣԯҲؿҪ÷ƴӦҲֻ㡣
ػһ壬嵱УӴ֮ػһ壬ػһ壬ֱ˴ˣػһ嵱У󲿷ֶǿߣôһļ룬¶ԣҲһ¡
ţ˵ȥΪףʵʲɲô򵥣ػһ嵱УЩһЩ˻зԵ̬ȡƶѵ
޷ˣȻһػߣԯҲ֧ңЩԵˣкãҡͷ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ˵ûԯ߶ûһˣػһˣǷԣܹΣ
÷ƻص֮ʣȻǰδеĻӭһΣƳɹؽԣһ棡ν˵һУǳɾһ棡
Ȼǰ֮˵ĻԻ͹ȥǴʱڷƵΪҲ΢
û壬ڷƵµϻԻͣǵһͻƴ۾ǧڵǵһΪ½ֵ
һеһУһһ棡
ʱеߣʱڷƶһֽäĿĿȣ̫࿴ȥܵ顣
ȻһУֻзܹ
ˣ԰
ڻص壬ȻҲŻ˺һ֮ҲǸһЩ飬ȻȻǲ˵ˣֱӸѪҪԣҲõĽػһ彫ںһ
ϢԣǼΪ
ӵ嶼ûеǱǿʶ̹𣡶ڲõĽػһںһô壬͵ǳΪµػһ壬Ǹʱ廹кεǣ


2901 һ
ʱ棬ҲǾۼˣһһŻ˵ʱʱص˵ͷ
ò˵ڵ壬ǰ½Ҳ˸ǣΪзƵĴڣ
Ȼˣôͷϸһ£ػһںϵˡ
ʱҲЦЦ£УԽ
СӣҪ˦ƹ˰һԹص
ûУΪһиҪҪЦŵɨӶŮϣҲ¶һĨ顣
ǲҪȥʲôطɣСԴʵŮҲһɻ֮ɫԣʱɵвʱÿǣôҲܹһʱ䡣
Ƿ˵һҲʱˡСεͷŮһ·ܹǣҪ˶֪ҷƵŮˣ
һ仰˵Ҳõ˻Ȼ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷл˵ûôҲ֮һεĻҪٰ÷⣡
ûǡ
һʢ°
ҲǷ׷׵һŮʱȴһɬ֮ɫҲǺһ죬ɶǲ˵ˡ
ٴ֮ǰһҪӻҲЦЦڶգһˣǾ
ŮԣҲǵ˵ͷǰȥһż֮ȻѾǺܳһʱˣԣӦǻˡ
ʱҲǵ˵ͷյȷҰȥż֮ģҰǰȥһΣǰÿһζпɣһΣȥǸż֮أȴûĻӦ
ԣҲǲɵɫ⿴ǸϢ
õģһֱڣһȽȶȻҲˡ̿ŵɫҲ˷롣
˵Ҳһʲô£Ѱ
Ҫ̣ǸʱǴ½Ͼûʲô⣬ԵҲٵȴһλǰȥʱҲǻص
Ƶ˵ͷüҲǣƺǴ½֮ԼһֱûпҲʱȥˡ
ȻƿԾһΪֵĻ
УȻ˵Ļұһǰȥż֮أӻɡҲǵ˵ͷ
統еż֮أҴ󲿷ֶһż֮أʱʸ˫Ҳǻؿʵ
ż
̻صǸط˵һݱ֮֮أҲõһЩԵԱǰ˹ȥ
ż缫֮޾ԭıż·ҲüͷǸط֪ȴûȥ
ţûǸطԶԣû̫Σգ̺
΢΢˼Ƭ̣ҲǵȻ˵ĻǶɣ˫һȥҪͷλǰһˣʱػһҪ̸ǳĺһ㡣
Сӣ뵱˦ƹ˵û˵㣬Ҳǵһˡ»һ۾ǿ˷Ƶ뷨ɵǹһЦ
һЦȷóģЩǻȥһ㡣
£ɨһۣҲǲɵô㵵ʵɭͲӰأ
ɭӰŷƲţͬΪ֮壬ȻѾԶԶ˦ǣǰδеΰν˸̾
Ҳǽ
Ϊοص꣬һ֮˭Ҳûа취ܹٶ̳
ȷ壬Ѿǵǰδе۷壬Ȼ˵һͳ½е֣½壬һΪף˵˵壬ʱǸԸسΪĸӹ塣
һǴػһںһôĵλǰδеĸ߶ȣҲǹȥ˶ãҲ䣬Ϊػһ壡
ò˵ԯͷ֪ҪʲôҲ÷޷ܾ
ԣҲЦȻˣôʹɢȥɣط硣
Ȼ֮չȴ̾ʱ̫졣


2902 ط½
ڶ峿ƱŻʸ˫лһˣֱӵؾ뿪壬Ӷٶȷ½
ֱӵؾѰҵȵͨ죬ϾҪŻʸ˫Ļ£飬Ȼǽ˻̸ôһεĻ£Ҳܹǣȵϵ
ҷƴʱµһػߣͷȴ£Ȼǲܹ˵زʡ
Ƕǰػһ壬ԯߡ
ػһסĵطǴڽԱߣһ㣬Ψͷ֪δ֪ػһҲˣһֱ硣
÷ǣ׼ǰػһʱȴһˣ
ôˣƿҲǹһЦգҲԼܹڿõһЩȻս֮УԼûа취ܹѹѻ
ԯ峤ǰȥػһ塣Ҳ΢΢һЦ̾û뵽ȻǳΪʵϲ
ȷƵͻƣúܶ˶ţʵʵǵǰ棬ȵسΪ𼶵ǿߡ
˶ѡҲǺЦ
һ֮󣬱̶ֱػһȥ
·ϣƬ̣ǻصƣĿģҲԯ峤ѾͨȥΪػһػߡ
ĪɣлʲôѲôüҲʵƺԼУ򵥡
ţ²ûػһ֮ڣʵҲǴϵֻ֮ǲԶѣǣػߵλãΪλõΪ⡣
ͨԣһػֻеػָ߲ܹ͵һΣƺе⣬Ϊ㲢ˣǰ½ġػһĳϣһЩԵ
ԯߵ˼ǣƳʵ¹ȻͬԼϣػһ֮ڣǳ˲ͬǣԯߵ̬ȣϾ峤ػߡ
ԣҲǰһƱ֮ҪϾԶԣܹһػߵȨֻԯߣ˾ǷԣҲûκӿ
ܹǲ²⵽һ㣬Ѿǲˡ
峤˼ȷľصһ㣬ЩҲû˿취һǰػһ壬ǳΪµػߣ̵УܻһЩս
սôԣʱһЦǳϵУҲǲеκ⡣
ǵģսҾһЩϹҲǳ֣ʱѹɲɣȻͻ𡣡ɵǵĵص
һ£ԯߵ˼ǣ̽Եѯһ££ԯ߿϶֪ôҪ֪ԯߵ̬ȣĻҲǲô
Сô֪峤лת㣿һ£ҲǺɵؿһҶ࣬ɵǺЦص峤˵ˣһЩˣֻȭͷܹǰ
ˡֻشҲЦЦжʱְգҲԯ߸ԼһɣЩԵãôкεȵʸȥΪµػߡ
ţ׾ͺáЦЦҲѵעһ£һξЩԵһЩϹͼҪסػһĴ˲ֽػһ塣
ȻֻһڣҪ֪ԯ峤ҲһػѰҵļ̳ߡɵص
ϹԣɵüԶԣػһĵ̣Ǻεȵؿֲһ㣬ֻػһˣףˣǲ
˵ϹһЩѾõϲˣһжԣΪ֣ΪֵĹϵ
ҷƶ뵽һԯҲϣԼ˫֣׵һػһ壬ϾΪвͬϵڣʱһ£ǹˣ͵취ƽϢ
ȻϺƻҡҡͷҲеЦۿȻԼ˺ôͬԯҲԼһĿģǾػһ壡
ٵνǰδеϾȻʱƽ˾Ǵǧ֮һɵǿͻƷӡʱƱֻһѪȷ磬ҪǲܵģػһҲ
ҳ֮⣬ħвҪſǵδҪ顣


2903 ػһ
֪˸·ǹȥ˴죬һ֮ȻԶѣվܹظܵӽ֮ڴɭϢ

ɨһ֮󣬶ŷƵȻʱȴߵһ´ǰ޵Ŀռ䣬ӡһռѺ۱Ǳ򿪡
ɣػһ塣ɵЦЦҲǵ˵ͷҲֻӵе̵ܹ⿪ٳһС硣
̤ǿռѺ֮УƬ̵ҡΣƶٱǸоԼһ磬Դһ㡣
ƣܸ
ʱڷƸǽػһʱȴǿԯһȺˣЦеصȴԼĵ
ͷԯǰõˡҲǲҴ⣬±ҲΪ۽ⲻɵɨһܣػһǿߣЩɫȻޱ飬еȴʶص˵ͷеɫ׾÷ƷֱЩ˵ڣҲһԼĶ϶
޷δػһ峤ԯȴǵصҲǵɣҴȥػһҪĵطһ¡
Ƶ˵ͷҲǴ̤ǰҪԯߣȻʱȴһгò˵ɫǷ˱仯
ţ峤ȷԡ
ʱһλߣȺ֮վ˳Ҳǹֶԯߵػһ峤֮λش󣬻峤˼С
û峤˼
£ԼĪʮֱӵع£ԯߵȻΪȴƺǲǰԯ߷
һĻҲɫƽΪ֪޷ģ綼ǵԣҲ¶һϷɫԯд˾籾Щ˿»ɱڹ
ʱΧˣЩҡҡͷЩ¶ֻɫ¶һ֪ɫûһվ˵Ϊԯ߻δڡ
ϣһ۾ǧȥ˰
ԯߴʱЩ˫ָ󣬵ȴƽصҼǵǧǰʦͬǰΪһػߵʱĸףƺҲͬΪȰҵʦҪ˼С
ԯ峤ⷬ£ȿڵɫеѿΧҲ̲סǴ˽
ǧǰǲңʦȴоҲĲʲôΪػһĹһػߣֻеػ߲Ȩ޷ġ
ԯ߼ƽصʱתϣҲȻٶҲܶҡҵĸı䡣
֪ɻ峤˼ǣػһ塣غһҲǲŲæص̧ͷԯߵ
Ȼ֪Ҫ
ԯҡҡͷҲǵ̾һȻˣܹȷ
ػߵȨȷֻеػߣҲϣ峤˼Ͼǰ½ˣ磬һЩδ޷˼ɵ⡣
дʵصȥƺôֵֻԱţȴֿˣȺɵϣȻΪԼԯߵĸı䣿˵ƾǣҪЮԯô
Щ뷨̫ˣⲻ֪һĻԯߵԤϵУҴʱҲͬԯԤϵչȥ
½ôˣ
ԯߵɵ˰˶ȣģʲôӵĴڣŴǲİǵһѪˣΪػߣкβܣ
ԯ΢΢ذ˫ңˣػһ壬Ůʥĺᣬ壬Ůһ壬ǷѾǾˣƳΪµػ֮󣬻ػһ峹׵ںһ𡣡
Ǹʱĵνľ⣬ȻҲǳ֡
ԯһ£ʱõòɫ΢䣬ɲһС£ػһںϣûɣػһ۷壬Ѿˣ¾ȻҪһںϣⲻǿЦô
峤ԲУϴʱɫǳ׵ؽػһô
ҵľݵ
ȻԯҲһһӴѹʱ򣬷ƲɵΪ죬ԯߵΪһֱɲ⣬ҲǸоͬһɽԼǰСӡ


2904 
ԯͷųԼѹЩԵҲȥⲢЩ˾ʹ˷ϾԯϵĻԣ÷ƳΪػ֮ʣػһͻǳ׵ںһ
Щ˶ԣ߸ϵػһ壬ȷںһУ޷ܡ
峤µΪ¾ԲУڴˣҲͬġ
ϳһ仰϶ǰˣԯ߲ɵЦЦҲǵػһ壬һ壬ֻЩԼ̫ˡ
ôˣϣһ£ĸףҲǰϣǴӺģԯ߲̲صɨһˣʵ볤ϣǴӺδģ
һ£ʱЩ˱ǳ׵û˵ˣΪػһ˶ػһ壬ûһ˸˵ԼʲôѪػһ֮ˣǣǹȥȣǱԼǱġ
ػһ壬ûνѪԣΪеŮʥĺᣬŮʥĺᣬʲô֣
ԯһҲõЩԵȷǰȥϾǿ벻κԯߵĻҲǱΪΣ֮Уһ仰û˵䡣
ȻʱһϵȻشļžƳһۣԯߵɫȴƽֵĿɾϱֵǿˡ
ԯȻ˵ûػһںһ𣬵ȷǲס
ΧȺһӱڿճһͨһλͬũװŲ߳ΧҪȴ־ܾˡ
ϡ
ԯɫƽعƺȻػһ峤ǰϣǱ߳òǹ֡
ϡ
ʱΧҲƵϰ˰֣һϹͷҲʲôˣ֮ǳҪһ£ԯѡˣʲôӵġ
ʱϵҲ˷ƵϣضԯߵԯҲĪϲĳˣȻѡػߵȨУҼǵãϵҲȨһεػ߽пˡ
û仰ƶʱĥţԯϲһĻҪľЧ
Ȼԯ΢΢һЦ˫ֺʮԼǣȻ˵ˣôԷƵĿˣҲǿԽУȻǲ֡
ϵ˵ͷҲǵϣֻվ˵䣬֮£ͽ󱲿
˵仰ȴתȥֵƺֻһԯߣſһػߵȨʵȴûаٶ
ȻȴǰһҲ뵽ôһ㣬ֲߣȻҲǲ˵ڿɲһˣŻϿˣ˵ЧȻǲһ
ϣҪʱԯҲǵƳһϣƺаգһеƶԤϵС
峤ҵҲΪػһ塣ϵһۣҲǻվصֻҪܹҵ£֧ŵʱԡ
ԯԣǲɵһĨŹֵЦݣȷ
кҲǴһ·ƣȻ𣬵ԼǽĴڣܲСҲ򲻹ɣ
Ҳǵ˵ͷȷ
ԯҲǵ˵ͷ˹ǲ
ϵһۣҲͨҵȻһ峤
ã
ԯҲնصȻ˵ĻǾôˡ
£ԯתͷŷƣЦеصɾͿˡ
ʱҲЦЦ˹ͷβԯһֲ߻£ԼΪµһػߣػһвٷԵȻԯ֪Щ˵ԲᣬΪԺ»պػһںϣʱʲô£Ǿ߽壡
ΪЩķڷؽܷƳΪµػߣԯ߹˵ƣ߻һĻڷ˵ǸոճֵĻϣҲԯߵһƻѡ
·Ҳǵ˵ͷԡ
ãɹأֿˣܹг°ʱǱǴͨˣȻ֮ͨǲٶԴʱ飡ףԯߵص


2905 
ס
Ϊ׵ĵˣҲһۣ̤ǰһվ˳˷Ƶϡ
롣
Ҳû¶ʲôֵɫƽضŷƶҵ³çˣܽΣСѲҪǺޡ
΢΢һЦҲǱȭް⣬ֻҪϵгŹʱô
ǵģʱ
ϵͷΧȺҲڳһռ䣬Ͼ˶𼶵ĴڣĲز̫С
ϴͽ̡
ɫƽصûд֣ǰڳ˷̬
ҳˡ
ʱҲǳ֮ʣӰȻشԭʧȻȴǲضһ£ֱӵؾƶһ㣬Դ΢΢ƫͬһʱ䣬Ѿǳ
צޱȣƿ֮ޱȼһ˫ӥצצӱֱӵشӷƵԺֻ֣ǹգȵزˣֱӵؾǶܵһεĹ
ž
ֱӵطͬһٶȣֱҪסȻȴǷ˿ˣԭǲӰ
е˼
΢΢һЦҲתһҲǲţճȭһɫâ˲زȭͷֱӵǰ޵Ŀռӳȥ
ȭ֮ռ䶼ǻһϸ΢Ŀռ䲨һȭֲ˹
Ȼһ̣޵Ŀռ䣬ȴǶȻسֳһɫâס˷ƵĹƣϣ
û뿪ղڵλãռ֮ͼѰҷĻᣬȴƲõǷһȭ
䣡
һͳ𣬵ֶһɫâҲǾزʱҪһ㣡
һ̣ɫâڼƬ֮͵ػ㣬ɢڰ֮УȻƵȭͷȴδֱֹͣǰӳȥ
飡
ձ֮ϣȻʱϵѾǳ׵뿪ˣ·üͷ΢΢Ȼһʱ֮䣬ûвõϵĶ
ҲǼΪóռ֮ҼΪ죬ӡ
ߣ
͵أ̧ͷ¶һĨȻɫȻʱȴǴװ޵Ŀռ֮У͵شһӴĳһʱ֮䣬ûκηֱӵؾǱӲسˣ
䣡
Ƶ屻һǿֱӵػɣڰ֮еǿסغ˼һȭȻǶ첻ʲô˺ԶԣȴǿѪڲϡ
ǿеؽڵѪѹȥҲ΢˫˫ʩչӡȵ㣡
֮һ˲䣬Χʱͬͣһ㣬ȻָоĿǰֻһָоѣһӣƵ˫ǳһ־ɫâɨΧĿռ䡣
һģҲŭһ˱ͬڵһس̶ͬһʱ䣬̵Ļ棬ٶתڷƶԣǶʱ䷨ѣ˵ȴֻһ۵Ĺ
ǿƱȥ֮ȻҲ˲ؾǷƱǿʼ˷Ҳ˲£Ǹǿ̵Ƿʲô
Ȼֻļ˲ܹöղһ˲䣬һµķ򣬴ӷƵƶ
ʱ䷨峤ƺʱ䷨İ壿
ʱԯԵһҲǻصƵı֣ҲõǰһڷƽϵλãҪͼÿռ䷨Ըƣȴе쿪ˡ
ӦûûУԼһЩصѡԯҲǹһЦ϶ϺͿˣ˭ÿռ䷨򲻺ãƫƫǶá
ԯ仰ûг˼˲ó֮һſռ䷨
һ˰Ŀռ䷨ʹÿռ䷨򣬲ǰŪô
Ȼʱȴǳ˶ԤϲһĻԭÿռ䷨ǲϵѰҵõƵӶǿʼȴǴӸղſʼƺܹĥõϵĲ֮
ռ䷨Ч
ڽӶرѰҳԼƺǿռ䷨Ч֮ҲǳԵؾǷʹÿռ䷨ԸƣΪãѾûЧˡ
ϣȥ˰Сʱˡ
ƴʱǳˣҲǲɵЦѵһӵĽ֣Ǻķ˲ʱԼʱǰʱҲһСʱһʱѾ𽥵عȥˣϵɫҲ𽥵س


2906 
Լڰʱ֮ڣ޷˳ػܷƣǾ˵Լ޷ֹƳΪһػߣΪ𾳲֪ԣ޷ʱƣҲΪܡ
ȻˣϷˡ
Ҳ͵̤һ֮͵һĨɫâͬһ㣬Ǽ䣬ΧĿռҲ˱Ťһɹ
ϼһҲóˣ˰ɡ
ԯ߿ٶҲǹһЦƺǿʲôĵ飬ԱߵļһۣҲǵͷЦóˣҪǻӮˣǿɾûϷˡѡˣξ𣿡ԯҡҡͷɫ֮ҲǳţѣڷƶԣҲʲôв
ͬɫ治â۶ϵɫҲ࣬ŷƵС˵㣬ǵ𣬴ڵ°˰֮Ļ档
ҲЦЦͷǰ롣
£Ҳ˿壬ȻǲǸʲôӵĶԶԣвҲԼǻֶδء
ϱŭһ֮еĻ棬Ҳ͵ڶ𽥵ؽ˶ǰУһӣһɫĻף
˵ʱлһɵ۶ǹҲ͵ػȥһͬһİɫ棬˲֮ȵ¶ȶǲϵռŤϡ
ֶΡ
Ҳһһ̣֮УȻҲǳֳ˾ɫâϵػţЩɫâǰγһԲεĻܣ
䣡
һӳǹ֮гİɫ棬ֱӵװ˹·һƬ֮󣬰ɫɢĻ治ϵƮɢ𽥵ʧڿռ֮С
Ȼʱȴ˺ƳһۣǾɫâɵĹܣʱҲǲѺۣвɵ΢΢죬ҲǲСӣȻܹľɫâƴһ൱
Ҫ֪ɫâǴ
һХʱ׵ϣҲǻųǹͬһսһس̹ϵһɫĻ棬ĳǹ֮бȻЩɫȴǻһع˷ƣ
һĻҲûУŭһ˫͵ڵǴ֮ٵصתһ̣ͬҲǳ˾ɫâڷƵ֮£ЩɫâͬҲǴ˫֮гϵػţ
ȻȷӲؿԼڵǴӳȭͷ֮ϣȻѡӲӲ
һȭȭػȥͳĺϵشȻ֮У˿ȴǵľƾȻ˿ֲȻǵܹ˵
еš
СӹȻǲѰѰˣɵؽԯߵߣһҲ̾صҲǳ͡
Ҳ˵ϣû취ġԯҲǵصˣ񣬻δֹһΡ
ԯⷬԱߵļ˲Ȼѣǵģ϶ֵĿʼƺûһΣÿζڵϳ֮ȻѰһ
Ȼƾ㣬ǿƴ£һǷɾѰζ˰
ȷʱҲֻڵȻûѡ֣ڵȣһԯҪŸػߵĻᣬ׵ػһ֮ڵĳЩ˰
ϾǴ˲֪ʵȻ㱻֣ȻҲƱػǴϵȻ˶Ȩȴʱ򣬷ԵϵһЩ޷˳ɡ
ػһںһ棬Щϵϼһɾסˡ
ԣһιЩϵĳϳͬʱҲ÷ƽսֻҪǳ׵ӮˣôȺϼһȻҲǲʲô˵һڷպɾµػߣӹػһҲ洦ġ
£ʱĲϹȥ֮ĶԾҲ𽥵ؽ˰ȻȻʱ࣬ܿ͵ˣȴ÷һ취ûС
Ȼʱ򣬷ȴ͵̧ͷ˫֮ԼڶһĨɫĹâͬʱǶϵϣˣ
һ仰£һ㶣ʲô˼ȻûзӦʱ򣬷ǵһˣǼ䣬˵ϢǱð


2907 һ
ͷų貵ľɫâ׶Ȼؽһֱ̣ӵػӳһȭ
˲ش߶صĿ˲䱬Ϊµһȭӳ֮ʣ˶Ǳ˱ɫһȭĲȻǿֲ˹
ϵҲɫ䣬˷Ƶ˺ԼһַĸоƲѣһǿĺ
ǳ𾳵˿Ա
ڽ֮ڵøΪذ磬ʩչȻǱһΣͬǿߣҲòݱܷâ
ڽжܣȻȴЦ˵õİʱ쵽ˣԼǰ˰ʱɲô򵥵㡣
Ū˭
Ƶĳ֣ԯߵҲ¶һĨЦ⣬Ѿ˼ҵҲǼΪϣȻӿɽҲ
ǾôһεĶ֮ػһ֮еķҲǳ׵ʧɣǲõպƳΪػ֮󣬻ʲô֡
ȭͣҲֱӵؾõܵĿռ仺𵴲ѣ
޷жܣ
жȻôһͷԼƺǸûа취жܣƵһȭǷеĵ·ȭƣҲͬסһƬռһ㣬ʱԴκһǶȽ١
ϵ±ͣٶס˲ʶܣ޷ܵģҲ͵ʶԼȻҪܣԷƵĹƣԼʶؾͽ˶ܣǾ֤Լô
ҲŭһǿڵͬһƬĻһ˲سǰͬһʵʯǽ赲һеĽ
Ǽ䣬ͬһ㣬ţ̺ĿҲ˲ʱǱ˵
ϲӣȻвԸأǴʱķƣȷһּɵУѹԯܹΪµһػߣҲżֱ¡
ȻʱԼѾˣһܲܵؽʱѹûаˣҲ֤ͨ˿ˣҲ޷ıʲô
ʱǾ˵ȭƺƺƵ˲ӿ
䣡
һ죬Ȼش貵ľɫâ̻ͬһͷţܵĿռ䶼ܵǿ˺һ㣬ϵسһΪµѺۡ
زɢ˶ʶٶ˺һξ룬ȥ౬Ҳֱӵܡ
󣬰ɫĵҲͬڵĻɽһ㣬ϵӿֶ˾ɫ浱УȥǼΪѤȻֱֻȰˣǿԸܵЩâ֮Уȴ̺ŽԻص
飡
һ죬ٶǴ˵ע֮£ҲǶȻر˽սķΧǳ׵رâ֣û˿üǷʲô顣
Ȼʱԯɫ˶٣ƺǸܵʲôҲҡҡͷصСӡ
ɢάԼĪƬ֮󣬲𽥵ƽʱ˵߶עģҪһεıԣΡ
ڵ𽥵ȥһ̣Ӱ𽥵س˰֮УȻǷϡ
룬ϢҲûжı仯ƺͬղŸûзʲôһ㣬һĻɵò˾ɣѵղǵȿµûжʲôӰô
ˣϡ
Ȼʱȴ˫ֺʮЦеؿϵ
ɫƬ֮Ҳ̾һηƣϲͨˡ
ЦЦҲǲ˵ʲôֱػصԯߵԣȻ̧ͷмΪӣղһͷ֪ˣǷһֵȻĻԼͲɵվ
Ҳ˵ǷƿΪΪƿǵԼػһ峤ϵݣȻԼѿղһ˵ʵǾûаս
ʱȻǼΪǱȻò˶ɣһػһĳϣȻǱӣɺͳһҲǶˡ
Ȼȴͷ֣ȻǸһ̨£ʱѹڷƶԣôӮˣȻҲûбҪѿ


2908 
Сӣֶβ
ڿƻ֮Ƴһ¶һķڷɫԯҲǲ֪ص˵ͷֶΣû뵽ģ෴ԣƵֶΣˣһϵһϵ˳׵ķڷ°빦Ч
ɿ佱ˡҲЦЦԯŷһЦҲǸԻ⡣
ˣڿ˽ѳǻ˭ģ
ʱԯҲǻ̤ǰһ𽥵رɨӶˣ̺֮һ˿ɭϡ
µûУȻ󶨵ػߡȻʱϵΪ׵һϵʱҲǳ׵ûϷˣǱϾƻػһ壬ֻǶԷƵĻɶѡ
ѾԼʵ֤ˣȻҲķڷа塣
Ǿͺãڿʼƾµ峤µһػߡ
ʱԯҲʽһǿߵȹ£ŷ峤һĻõ÷ͬһĸо֪֮УԼȻǳΪػһ峤
⡭ǰȫû뵽飬պػһ廹ںһҲ˵պȿµǿߣǾسΪ
ڷƶԣֱȫ顣
ɡ
ʱԯҲǻתŷƵѾµһػˣػһ飬֪ģ㲻ҲҪôɡ
֣ǰһҲǸԯߵĽŲ뿪ˣػһеһطɽһɫ
֪ط²ѰΪĸ֪棬ǱͲʮ˵ϵˣػɭϡ
ػһĽأֻϺػ߲ܹǽĵطѰˣһɲ׼롣ԯߵصҲǴŷǰ
ںǰܣģӦһһŮǹǣһһŮܣûĿģеֳһ޸ŮֳһƿŻǶ
Ψһϧľǣûò
ĵܣ·Ҳѯʵԯߣ֮˭ô˹죿
ԯ΢΢ͣһ²һ𾴵̬ܣ̹Ůʥ󡣡
ԣƲɵǵɴ˫ۣλϹŴܵĵܣΪξȻòûУ
Ҫ֣֮ûòΪҪȥֻҪȥͻǿǵòˡԯҲ΢΢һЦȻԣ
·Ҳǵ˵ͷܣ֮£ͬǸоͬһ㣬һʱ֮䣬ԺȴһĨ㱡
ȻһƬ֮£ȴǿܵģ̹ӣȻԼһģһŮʥò֣ҲǾ÷ǳϤȻϸٶǻָһƬ
͵صɴԼ˫ʱȴǷˣѾǻָǰģһƬհס
⵽ô£
о㵲ѣȻǴ̹ò֮ϿԼô£
߰ɣҪԼģÿ̹ǲһġȻʱԯȴҲǵؿڵƺǱ⣬Ƽ׷ʣѾһ
ҲֻǸϣߵ˺ǰԯϻóһöɫµķӡţ滹һɫâͬѪһ㣬ǳر档
ԯĨһ£ѪҲ˲ʧݸ˷Ƶͨд֮峤ӵеģƲǶκơ
ľѪȥɡ
ԣ˵ͷѺɫ˹ǵԼľѪһ̣ɫͷųһ΢ĹâҲǻԼһξѪС
߰ɣȥ
ԯߵ˵ͷҲȵ˽ȥǰһ÷ƴ㵵ǣǰûţԯߵ뵽˺ʱΧĿռȴǻسһĨһſռͨ
·Ҳ˹ûеĺɫ򣬻ľûа취ͨУǿӲĻûа취롣
ȻȥҲǳżΪµĽƣ·Ҳǲ׵سԣЦأػһ崫ĺеĽȻǿޱȣŲɵȥԡ
Ҳֱӵظԯ߽˺С


2909 飡
⴫֮һоŰپʮ׸ߣ׿ʼ񽫾УͲҪ࿴ˣϾ㻹ûеǸ磬˶Ҳûкô
ԯ߻صػߵиܲܶô͵ǿԵˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷ񲻹𾳣ոս磬νǿһսڶ𾳵⣬ȱݣȻڴ֮һµĻôȱݣͿ˵ûˡ
һµʱ䣬ôػߵо飬㹻𾳽һǳ̵֪ˡ
ҪҲʱԯ߻صߵһرĵϣ͵̤һţǰĵذǻһʯ̨˷Ƶǰ
Ȼʯ̨棬ȴһɫڻתţ˲֮£ӵеĿҲһ˲ת
飡
Ʋ֪ʶǳ˼٣ǵ飡
ڴ֮ڣһֱŵ飡ڷǰ
ʵ䣬һֱǱҥг֮ЧʵȻǲܵġԯߵص飬ʵ̹ģյػһ̹ڽ˻֮ʮ֮󣬱ǳɫĹâ飡
ΪɢػһֻѰҵһţȻҲǲ֪
ЦЦȻ֮ܳУҲȷ̺
ԯЦϾǸ̹йصģҲǷֻػһеǿ߶о飬ֻûκһػ߿ǿİ
⣬ϾĿ飬Ҳ֪һЩȻǶô
Ҳǻǰһɫ飬ʱŷƵĿǿɫҲǿʼѣⱾʯ̨һЩƵĴڣס飬ֱӵس˹
ͬķƣڵĿҲʶתԶسϵתţʯ̨֮ϵ飬ƺʲôӦһѡ
Σͽˡ
ԯߵЦһµʱ䣬ʹڴ֮ɣҲ׼ػһں֮£Ŵ֮ʣܹػһ壬໤ںһ𡣡
ͷǰˡ
Ҳ˫ֺʮϵصһε飬»ͷԯϣҪڴеȲУȻĻ嵥棬ǷǳԽ
ţһȥѰͬһˣʱҸɡ
ԯ˵Ҳǵ˵ͷɨһܣǾֱȥ뿪⴫֮
ټĴ֮棬Ȼؾֻʣ·һҲóԯ߽ĺɫط棬Ҳʯ̨֮ϵĽҲһӵʧˡ
ŽƵʧ˲֮һֱӵرΧڷƵߣһĻõ÷΢΢һЦҲһ飬Ƿǵţ
Ϊǰľ飬ÿһ飬̺һֶصķţһϲ⼤ǰᣬЩ飬ƺһ˳š
Լǰһ飬ǵţôҲ˿ûа취õеϣҲͬһŲͬ˳顣
һ飬ڶ飬ǿ֮Σӵжս
һţʱûз֡
ǰǶһţܲ÷ƴеõʲôҲ˵ÿΡ
Ҫľһ飬Żܹ֪ʺϵ飬ôǴ鵱лȡõһ
˵ҵҲͦڴġ
صûżȥЩػиǾֱ׼һ飬ԹȻһ飬Լߡ
ԶԣԼԺظ֮ܵϣһֿܸУֻֿܹܸС
ر˫Ҳǿһ飬ƺһµĹ켣תţҲȻתǰ龡ذһ
ɫâش¶𽥵ذЩ鶼һ𣬿ʼḶ́
Ҫһʱ䣬Ͼ鲻һĴڣҪҲΪķ


2910 и
Ȼڽ飬̣Ǻķʱʱ֮ȫڣ飡
ǣ÷Ƹоǣ飬ȴûа㶯ֻǾ˷Ƶĵ֮С
һĻҲΪʧȻԼõĵ飬Զԣĵ飬Լռ˸֮󣬲пǴһ顣
»˫Ҳվ鲢Ըĵ飬ҲδеʧҲ̧ͷͷ⴫֮ǽ֮ϵļء
ȥƺӦöŲٵİҲ΢΢һЦǿʼ۲Щиò˵ܹΪػߵˣÿһλǾ춯ص֮ˣµиȻҲΪ
ŵɨһ۹ȥҲܹиܵõЩػߵи򣬶ԣҲΪаϾҪȹ硣
ĸһһؿ˹ȥ֪ƾǳУȻʱ˵ΪȻûбǵ٣Զԣε
˵񽫾ǳѳķΧô𾳣ڵܹõļ޾磬磬Գ겻Ȼ𣬵ֻҪڣҲǿԳʱ䡣
ң棬طػߵУȻҲʱ䷨֮ˣǽԼĸжʱϲϸظһ֮󣬲ò̾λػѾʱ䷨ռ壬ҴµķԼģ޼
ʱľͷǻҲ㡣
ʱΪǿ󣬿һ˲䣬ҲǿԻȻ֮ӣʱǰҲòǾͷ
½ʣʱ֮ڣĶڸʱ䷨ռ塣
ԣѾǸ˿ռ䷨ռ壬ޣ׵ռ壬ǴѰǿߣܹõķ壬һֻ֡
ֵĻȻûмʶԶԣҲ֪һΪѵ顣
ԵǣƴʱΪʱ䷨ƿأҲǲ֪øӵǽһܹǵռĵز
£Ҳ׼ʱ䷨İ壬ҲԼ˵㡣
ڴ֮Уʱ䷨ռ仺ŤϣȻƺǿԸʱһƬŤĿռ䵱УȥͬһõӰһ㣬ʱ̣ʱŤ
״̬˺ܳʱ䣬ǷԼǲ֪ٶǹȥ˰£һµʱ䣬ҲǺܿ٣Ȼµʱ棬һֱǱ״̬
ͨʱĸ򣬷Ѿǿؿ߷Բʮ׵ʱ٣ǧļ٣Ǽ٣Ѱ˵ǷǳؿˣҪ֪һǷȫתʱ䷨ôʮ֮ڵߣʱٵӰ졣
ǧ֮󣬻ǧ֮ǰΪĵƬУǿʱ٣ڶԵ֮УҲǿΪһʩչܹ𵽳䲻Ч
þù󣬷ƻ˫оɫâ˸Ȼʱ򣬷ƻԼ˫֣Ҳһֵӡһ
ڷƵ֮󣬵ΪԲĵʮ֮ڵһ˲ʱ䶼ĸо˿ϸ΢仯ʶȴڸһС
ڲݵֶΣ̣ʱ䣬ӶǴﵽ㣡
Ȼ˲֮󣬷Ƶ۾һ£һжǻָҲǻ̾һջûܹɹûа취㣬ƿصʱ䷨򣬶ֻǽʱƬң޷ʱ䷨
ػߣȻܹʱ䷨İ壬Ҳʵ˵á̾ϢͨµУȻҲܹصҪʱ䷨İ壬Ҫӵѡ
ڸãҲûаͷǶʱ䷨ĸ򣬸Ϊ࣬Ҫռ壬ȥǽһʵϣһȴǲ֪ѵ˶ˡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬷Ҳ֪ƺԼʱڸʱ䷨֮ϣҲûжôҲע⣬Ūһʱ䣬һ֮ڣһʱ䣬ȻȴҪʣʱ֮ڣͼһ
Ͼĵƣǿ


2911 أ
һΣڻԵɺ֮£ѾؿȻҲܹп
ļޣǾأҲ˵£ǿӳص
ԭΪԼڽ֮󣬾ܹǾصҲ֪֮ϣ񽫾龳Ҳĥţ𾳵أѾǼˡ
Ÿ޹أƺÿֻ򵽵ڼأѿεȵزҲ޷ԼܹΪȥ
غһҲûżؿʼһĹҪͻƣ»ҪһԵȻνĻԵҪԼ
ϷĲи֮ϣνĻԵá
£ҲǼعĦʣػߵи򣬵εΣȻûоķҲûо춯صֶΣеǣȴػߵи򣬹شĸ򣬹̽ȵȡ
ԶԣƺܿǷˣЩػߵи棬һͬ㣬ǾشָòصĴ
Ϊһֱ룬ǵ̹һߣų˿׷ĵһ
ͨЩи򣬷𽥵ط֣Щߣ޵ѵĵǿģȻÿ˵ĵͬǰĵ˶ãһǽǰĵҲǴţ޷ԼٳԼĵҲ޷̤۷塣
۹ÿһľǿߣһԼڵ⣬ܹһһؽǰ˵ĵֻܹΪһ֮ãȴǲһζ׷ѰΪԼһͬ
ΨԼٳµĵרԼĵܹʸ׷Ѱ
Ȼػߵи򣬷ҲԼЩڵƺ׷ĵе㲻һϵʱ䷨ſռ䷨Ǵ֮Լĵ
ִͨУܹ뼺ףǱ˵ĵ
ʱ䷨Ϲŵǿķ򣬿ռ䷨֮׷Ѱ֮һ֣Ǵ֮һ֡
ͬػ˵ǰ㣬߽˱˵ĵ֮Уȥһ£Ȼʱȴ뵽ˣԼЩԼܹӵʲô
ʱ䷨򣬿ռ䷨Ǵ֮ЩȵȣԼֶΣȻǲ
ȻĻôԼĽվ߽ͬ޷µĵ
ƻ̧ͷΰĴ֮ػµиһ̣ƵľֱһƽУ̯Լ˫֣ӴʶͷŶ
Ȼһ̣Ժ֮УֶȴһĻ
⴫֮֮ػĸ򣬴ʱ˿̣ûһӰͬǱ٣ǲϵر仯ŸֶǷеһУǳڷƵԺ֮С
ޱȵƽһеһУȥ۲죬ÿһػµи̺ǵӡǣʱȴ𽥵ؼЩӡǣЩػ߸һ㡣
þƬ֮󣬴֮жȻһ֮ҵǿҹ飬ȴǶȻͶһâֱ˷Ƶϣ˲֮£˵建
һӴ֮ػһ˶ǿԸܵõ֮ı仯׷Ǿ㵲ѣϾǼΪغ
ɵ棬ڴ֮֮ڣһµػߣھʲô顣
ԯߴʱҲңңؿһ۴֮ЦЦҲصϾǷơ
Ȼʱڴ֮Уƾ࣬Ժ֮УһһӰϵ˸ЩػߵиûĲӰ
ڷƣĹ̵У࣬׷Ѱνĵµ˽⡣
֪ǹ˶ã֮ڷϵĹâʧˣҲһ˲˫¶һֵЦݣһȭͷڵӿ
أ
ԼڵǿţǵЦԽԽʢصҵĵȻԼ׷ѰǧҵĵȻǰ߹ĵҲܹ߹ļ֮


2912 ħӰ
Ȼⲻ֪֮Уһ¾Ѿعȥˣһ棬˶ǷһĸǰδеΪҪڿٶһΡ
صĿս÷ӵн۷ս
۷壬Ŀ磬ǿģҲɵͨ컹кţ˶ͻƵ񽫾Ȼȴ֮⣬ӵţһս֮
յ֮ɳ񣬷Ҳһ漣ˡ
ƻ˫ŵ߳˴֮ѾûıҪˣ֮ٶǽͻƣ뵽񽫾Ļܶԣû̫İ
峤峤ԸأǰѰ
ȻʱڷƸ뿪֮֮ʣһȴǹضŷƵ
һ㶣ҲˣԼػһػߣʵ̫ͻȻԼû뵽Ҳ΢΢һЦڻĴ֮£ǰȥѰԯߡ
һ·ϣػһˣ˷ƣǹޱȣûа㲻ϾֳսѾ֤㹻ǿʸ񣬳Ϊµ峤Ҳػһһػߡ
Ҳע⵽ػһˣ࣬ԼĪˣÿһ˵սǼΪز⵹Ҳһ٣սȴǲСӡ
ػһһж˿ڣƻؿʵʱǰ·ĻҲǹػش峤ػһһ˲ÿ˶Ǵ۾֮ϵΪǿߣԼĪһٶˣ𾳵ǿߣʮȻѳ˳ϡ
ԣҲǲɵȻػһĵ̣Ҳֲ̫һ㣬ѹŵܹ֮£ȻǲɵжǿǴʱػһֳĵ̣㹻Ļ֮塣
ȻƸ֪ȴЩϵػһƺӦûһЩԼǰʶĻϣҲһΪµĴڡ
ЩͬϹһĴڣ˵ػһ壬֮еҲһڡ
غһҲΪôһһ֮УպɾǷٲʢأҳΪµػһ壬ȻܻûĻᡣ
ԼĪƬ֮󣬷Ʊһɽ壬ǵͷ峤ط壬ֻ峤ųϲܹ룬Ƕ򣬽⿪еĽơ
£Ƶ˵ͷóԼĺɫ΢΢ҡһ֮ǰɽȴǻ΢΢һЦ浹ҲһЩͨû֣Ǿǲͨ
ŵɽ壬ԯߵȻҲǸӦ˷Ƶĵһ˶ɽ֮ϵȴƵĵ
μ峤
÷ƿԯΪ׵һػһĳ֮⣬ҲǻлˣҲں֮¡
λǰεºܣܳλ֮񡣡
·ҲطһЩϣô˵Щ϶ԼǰȻǲܳЩ֮
ƣһջС
ԯ߿ɫҲ΢΢һЦص
ǰĸȻûͻƣľ磬Ÿ̵򡣡΢΢һЦصҲǲԴȷľ磬ͣλûκεͻơ
粻˵һУúɣڸպǺһ¡
ԯ΢΢һЦ֮Ҳ¶֮ɫŷ
Ѳɷʲô飿΢΢һ㶣һۻʵĪں֮³ʲô⣿
ںϣû⣬ֻҪһ仰ػһǿԳڰ½嵱Сԯߵصֻ½ƺǳ˵⣬Ϊ֡
ԣɫ͵ؾ½ĸԴ֮أǲܹκ⣬Ҳͷڰ½ܹʲô⣿
ħְ½ѾǸȾ˲ٵ塣ʱ컺ؿڵЩȾ壬ĿֻһǾǲϵط˺ܴڰ½ʼǻޱ
Ȼʱûܵ壬ȥǻ½ݡЩ壬еǰǴսȻȴͻȻظı磬ǵҲǱøΪֲѡ


2913 ½֮
ʲôʱˣ΢΢üͷħﻹڣ֪ȴû뵽һͷԺڻжƵħȴٶȷ˰½Ƿֻҡ
ҲǺƺЩ仯һҹ֮ģʮͻȻطս˲ٵͨ鱨Щһ⣬Ƿ˱仯øӵزбѪȡ
ϣ㾡طشڰ½Ļ̻̣սս֮С
Ѿȷħôʵ΢УɵһĨâħ֮ɽ֮ʣȻǲΪʲôûжħ֣ȻħѾ磬Ǳذ½һѪȷ硣
ǵģѾȥˣȷħɡԯߵ˵ͷֻûа취Ѱҵõ䣬ڱȾ壬մȾϢ
а취ǽôǵڵħϢüͷɲǸϢ
֪Ϲʱ֮սôôԯߵؿڵ񽫾龳ǿߣǿԱȾ˵һЩͨǿߡ
Ҷͷħַ̹ӡħ֮һǿ֮Ȼ׵
ԯħڣǿԹĵĺڰһ棬Ӷݡ
غһ֪ԯⷬ˼ЩħȾ壬¶ûа취ȣֻһ취ǾɱЩȾħ֮ˣɱɾ
Ψܹ׵ЩħһЩħϢ¾ͬһ㣬Ѹٵɢ½ʱ¾壬ûа취֮⡣
ҪɱǸȾħϢأŽ֮ԯҲǿ˷ƵΪѣϾɱȷҲǷǳ̵һ¡
ʲô취Ƶæ׷Ѱʵ
գŮʥڻع֮ǰħİ취ʱ򣬲ûػһ塣ԯŮʥһֶΣһ壬ѰҵĻǿԶԸȾħϢˡ
ʲôƲصŮʥ󣬾ȻһֶζԸħҲȻϾŮʥĪܹͨӵжԸħİ취ҲǲΪ档
Ҿ岻ںδҲȷǿ֪ڰ½ԯ߻صΪŮʥһ˰½һ׷ȥ
ѵûа취ѰҵõôƽüͷȻ֪˰취ǰȥƺǼΪѰңʲôǲֻ֪һ壬Ȼ֣
Ǿתʯ
ʱԯ߻ӳһɫâƵʯͷݸ˷ƣŮʥ󵱳֮壬ȻӦ
ĬĬؽӹ˾תʯҲһ̾½ҪѰҵŮʥ壬ǿνǼΪˣƺǰΨһ취
ţзذ½ˡƵ˵ͷҲҪȥǰȥѰǵ°½飬Ȼûʱ䣬ֻܹƺ
ţȥȥһ磬·ͬСɣ֮ʣһȻǱӹ˷ӡСΪãұҪȺ
ԯҲվԺұǻػһǰ½ʱһ
Ƶ˵ͷ˫ֺʮͷǰˡ
֮󣬷ƱŻֱӵ뿪˵أǲҶֱͣӵطذ½¶ڷƶԣǳУһ½⣬Ӱ쵽壬ǿǲˡ
Ȼذ½֮ʣȴɫøӵأȻûлص壬½Ǳˣǿ֮ҲЯżΪŨħϢ
½ͬһ㣡ǿԸָܵϵʴ塣
еĻҪء컺صڱǾؽ⣬һħ½ǲ롣
΢˫˵ͷҲֱȥȻѾǲֱ仯ôҲǲΣգϾ֮УкĵħϢǷҲǶֽ׶ε֡
ڷĹ֮УĿķ˶һַ״̬Уսϣɱֹ


2914 ħ֮
µȻǷǳأ÷ƻص֮УȴǷ쳣ࡣ
ˣƺΪѰıӣһǾۼĸ
ǰ½һ龻Ϊǰ½Ϊǿǿڵ塣
Щ˵ĳ֣Ҳüͷ̬ı֣ҲǳԼϣħѾǻ˽ӽ½һ塣
ҳȥºܿݵ塣
֮ƣ
۾Ⱦǰѡ
ƽϢ½սɡ
£˿˷Ƶĳ֣Ҳɫźţ׷ְܹæ
ƻ˻֣ʾЩ˶һλɷģҵȹȻǻЩħ뿪½
˷Ƶı֤Щ˵Ҳ𽥵ذЩ˳ϣ񣬵·ƾԼϵĵӸˡ
ħ
½սĻңҲ̣Ϲʱڣν֮ս
յϹʱͬ񽫾龳ǿߣܹЩħȾ˵Щͨˡ
Ҫ취ЩħĻʱ½ͻݳΪħ磬ǸʱĻ½ķӡͻǽһر忪
һķӡ⣬ôӰľͻͬҲ⣬ǸʱϹŵĶңͻǳ֣
̹ѹһУ֮ڣȻҲǲѰҳһ̹Ĵڡ
ҪһΣնɱҡС
ʱҲսеľɫʯĿǰΨһѰҵŮʥ󵱳µֶΣĻֻܹǰԯ߸İ취ЩħȾ壬һһس
÷˫մȾѪȣһҪôƿҪմȾ˵Ѫ
һѵĵزǲģȻǿ󣬵ȴɱǣûԸԼ˫մȾѪ
úõذһЩǰѵ壬Ҳһ֮ɫ߽嵱С
֮ڣҲĻ̻̣Ͼ½֮ڷµĶңŷµǿ壬ǵ³ࡣ
ƣˡ
ʱ÷ƹ֮ʣƶ˼ææظ˹Ͼ̫ˣǻ½
Ƶ˵ͷʵħȾжٸ
ʮڲϵӡɫأֽǰ˳ǧǿߣǸƬ½սʲôͼΪɱ¾ΪԴ
ʮ֣һδҲ̫ˣռ˰½֮һ壡
ʱȫľ帽ԲδħϢĳ֣ҾȥĻȻֵ壬ȻǸʱǾҪ½ˡ
ƶǰͷչȥħﲢǲǶ岻֣ǰΪǿ󣬴ħϢ½֮ʣĲֵ壡
ַҲ΢˫ǵڲΣ巽ԲԲܳħһ֣˭ɱ⣡
Ļ־Ͳ㹻ˣϾһЩӳˣҲǰ嵱ǱҪֳһֵ˹ЩҪȻһʲôңܲʱҲüͷ
ַӦò⣬ػһ˺ܿǵʱٽз䡣ҪԤǣħϢԲܽƬΧ
ػһǿܹ֧ԮҲǲɵһʱǲ𣬱ϾҲµػˡ
ȥվǳ֮ƣ취ѰҳħϢԴͷҲǺڵںη
Ҳüͷǵҳİ취Ļ޷׵ظ顣
Ժڻжһͷħ̹޷ԸĴڣҲǼΪԶԸ
ʱƻصڱʱ˷ϣϾʱԼͻ
ҪľǣҵŮʥĶܹȰ½Ȼͬԯ˵ǰ㣬ǾҪӽ½ˣ
뵽һ㣬оΪܣӽ½Ǻεȵɱ¾Ѱ˸붼룬Ȼ鷢չĵز·ҲǱѡ񣬾ǱǧҲֹһħĶң


2915 
ŮʥĶ
ºҲǿһ㣬±ϸѯȻȴΪʧ
ϾҲǲŮʥĵʲôֻеöɫʯܹӦõ
Ȼϣ̫ã
ǰ֮ҲǸ̾һ£кòϣҲ˲١
½֮ȻȴҪѰҵŮʥĶһ֪ʲôжѣڵ֮С
ԣҲǳĬȷǺѣĿǰΨһϣȴҲûķӣȰ½
ȻǴʱ̣½ǰİȻǸʱ򣬷Ƶ˫֣մѪǻᱳǧ
ȻϣãҲܷҡҡͷҲ̾ϢһԼǷĻô½˭ܹվ
׼ټˣԯǰ֮µطһ£Դ֮ػһ֮֡
ҲǴһӣΪһػߣػһںһ𣬲ôȻҲҪ縺ػһΣ
ŷһȥ֮УְǿߣϤظϻأ׼ӷƵİš
ʥѧУһȵصţʱСȴǱŹ֪ԼˣҲǸ˵ĺܡ
СΣСĵ㣬Ůˣģ޳ȥ
СĻһ͵ŮҲ΢΢һЦ¶˲׼ɫ
СΣ
ȻʱеľɫʯȴǶȻһص
һĻ仯¾õ÷о㵲ѣɫʯȻзӦ
ȻԱߵĺƶҲע⵽һ㣬Ǳվ¶һɫ
ɫʯзӦʲôǺ
ĪҪѰҵĶһֱԼ˵Աߣ
ʱСܵ˷ƵĺߣЦŶεЦ߹ƹҲǰ˲٣ϾÿһοĶǵǲѣȴǲܹʲô
ôˣ
˶Ǿɫɵһ£ҲĪСδŵôұǴȥ
û¡ֵصеľɫʯɢĹâ𽥵ȶʹţԼҪѰҵĶԼߣ
Ȼ֮ǰȴûа㷴ӦΨСε֮󣬲ŻзӦӦþйء
Ȼ·վɫʯ߶˼СΣȴǷ־ɫʯûʲô仯
ٶǿԼɫʯͷųĹâǿʼ
ϣ
·ƾ˹ϣҪѰҵĶ
ףʲôƵеɫʯǺޱȡ
ûʲôĶ·Ҳе׷ʵԭΪǾˮ£ȴû뵽ԼҪѰҵĶȴһֱԼԡ
ֵĶ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳҡͷص˵ʲô
ӺԵ˵ûʲôʯʲôġ
£ΪԼҲǲŮʥĵʲôȻҲ޷˵Ŷֻģ
һغߣŷƣ֪˵ʲôԼôĶأ
Ҳ̵ΧȻȴûзְ㲻ԾǰľǣɫʯзӦ
Ҳ˵Ͽ϶ĳɫʯйϵ
˰˼ʱػһˣȵԯԼһڳϣػһˣҲǷ塣
ԯǰˡ
ԯߵĵ·ƵҲǰһǰ⣬ֻһԯˡ
ôˣѲʲôҪϹͷôԯҲǹһЦ±һһź˴к
ɫʯзӦˡƻؾеľɫʯҲεصϧҲʲôɫʯйϵ
Ȼԯȴһ㶣ȻҵˣϸرһȷǾɫʯһֶص
ôģԯҲʵ¹ش󣬱ҪŪ⵽ô¡
ָ֮ʣɫʯӦ£ԯߵϡ


2916 ԭ
ԯ߿֮ɫûжı仯¿һ۾ɫʯҲǽüͷͬû⵽ô£
Ǿɫʯһ뿪һķΧ֮󣬱ٶȻָƽٶȿ֮Ҳž˵ķӦ
ô˵ƱŵŮʥµĶйأ
ҲŪ
ԯҲҡҡͷʾףϾŮʥʲô˵֪Ȼ·ҲȷûκζһЩʲô֮еģûС
λóĿҽ
ʱԯҲǻʵ
˵ͷһóľҽȻΪһֱǣǲΪǼ̤ˡ
ⲻò˵һĴڣΪȷͬһѸٱǣʣҲǾ̾ѣûа취˭ñˡ
ԯ΢΢˼һǶŷƵи뷨֪벻С
ǰ뽲
ƵϾ¿¶ΪϤģֻԯˣܷ⿪ɫʯ֮䣬ʲôϵҲֻܹǿԯߡ
ħ֮ǿ޼ɵغУΪǵĵĺڰһ棬ڰ½սЩ壬ǲܵħϢȾɱԼġ
ԯ߳ȻλóԣܷЩȾ֮ˡ
⡭ô
·Ҳһ㶣óҽ٣ͬʱҲԾˣǶԸЩħϢȾģѰҽô
ҽҽˣҪҽģƺ뵽һЩܣֻҪһ֮󣬲ܹ֪
ԯ߿һҲǴһڲȷɫȴ˳ɣ⡭ôȥе㲻˼ĸоҽ˵ã⡭ĿЩħȾô
ƣ԰ɡ
ʱƺҲǲ²⵽һЩ飬֪ǰȴ֪ƵѰʲôԽĿǰ½ƺԼйϵ
ڰ½֮ңȥȻܡҡҡͷᶨص㲻뿪塣
Ʋ˽ȷҲΪİȫ룬½³֮⣬ûطԳƵǰȫ֡
ԯû˵ѾȨƣϾڷƲػһ峤
Ȼȴѵõ¶˾ǿɫƺҪԼ˼ԶԣһֱҪƷֵ縺飬û˱Ƶϼ縺ŶΡ
ȻһֱûȥæǰƺǿᣬƣҲǼţȻΣգҲԸʹ˷
ǿɫҲ΢΢̾һе뷨ǶԣһʲôΣգ±ɱ½ܡ
ͱˡҡҡͷ¡
ȻʱȴվԲƽصʵһ취
ԯüҲǿź˵
Ҫһºܼ򵥡һȷǺΣգƲȥҲĵǿǴһħȾǿ߻Ȼ󲻾֪ô
ź˵·ҲǰһǵģҲһ취ȻðգôǿдһħȾǿ߻ǿԲԳûа취ǿԶЩнİ취
Ҳǿеİ취ԯߵ˵ͷһӾǽˡ
Ƶ¶վȥɣ˶ңѰһħȾߣӦͦ׵ġ
ԯߵ˵ͷҲǵҸһȥ
ҲǶȥڽ飬úʱһ
Ҵææػ˴ҴææسȥƵľٶɵòֵɻѣ±ϢѾҵܹһζҵİ취Ҳõòһ
뿪壬ԯѰұħȾĴڣ·ϷҲʵԯǰǲ²⵽Ϊʲôɫʯйϵô
ԯߵ˵ͷҲǲ²⣬Σǵȵһ֮
ûв´ĻŮʥµĶתɡ
ԯߵôһ仰ȴõ÷ƾ㵲ѣ⡭Īʲôתɣеһʱ֮Խܡ


2917 ϣ
ػһйأŮʥȴܹ֮⣬һΪ˲õͨҽԯصصûв´ĻŮʥǣҽ֮ꡣ
ԣҲǱ˳Ĭе̫ͻȻˣһʱ֮޷ܣҽ֮ꣿô˵Ǽ̳Ů洵һִУ
ҽ֮Ļǿ⣬ȷǿԯߵصǿ˵ŮʥתȻһҲǴŮʥ־
غһҲǵǰһȥһԵĻǾʹĲ²ǳġ
ԯߵ˵ͷΣܿͻ֪
ʱĹȥԯѾ𽥵뿪ķΧ֮ڣȻİ½ȴڵطսʱ޿̣ǿһƬ
úõһ½ȴŪģֱ˿ɱƾĿȥǺ׵ؿʬɽҰǳѪȡ
̹֮ԷӡЩħҲˣֹĻһȫ䣬ܹ赲һƬؾͻǳ׵ݡԯҡҡͷϹŵ֮ս˿һսǿ䣬жֻһͷǾֹЩħȥҪ֪ϹڼЩħϢ龳ǿ߶ǲܱ⡣
ô˵պҪ취׵ѹЩ֮ڵħƻسһΪֻԵǲõģǶں˶ԣĴڣɾһʱը
һһ֪ʲôʱǷըĶʱըһзЩ򣬵ʱΪ£֮ʱȥˣʱƶܱ֤Լ㳤䵱С
ԣ취׵ؽ֮⣬ͿǸ˳׵ذ֮ġ
նԣ̹Ҳûа취ԸЩħ壬˸ԶԸԯ߿ЦҡҡͷѪѴƣܹһ̹ͬԵĴڣǱȻŰ취ܹ׵ؽ⿪⡣
ɣ£˭Ҳ˵׼Ϊ̹ǵȵĴڣνǼΪѣȥ̹վֻһƹһЦȻŮʥ󵱳壬Ҳ˵Ȼǻһ̹Ĵڡ
ھͱȻŮʥȻ֪ԲǺķеľ塣
ʵҶԣҸţǸˡʱԯȴǵһЦȴһЦôң
ԯҡҡͷҲЦûж˵ʲôԵɣҲ˵ƫƫָо
˵ٶԽԽ죬ҲǺܿطһҪѰҵĿꡣ
ǰһɽΪǿҵһۣҲֱȥ
ȷڽнսҾѾħȾߣؽɱֶμΪز̣ɥʧһݲ̡
㶯ץһɡ
Ҳüͷس֣ʱѾ𾳵ǿߣԸһȺǿߣǼֱ׾٣ͷŶѹõ
ȻˣЩħȾˣҲ˿ˣƳֵͬһʱ䣬ֱƶȥҲϸԼǷƵĶ֡
Щ˵ط񣬷ҲЦҡҡͷ½һơӴѹͷŶԲʮǱһֿµѹ֣
䣡
ЩħϢȾߣһ̣ػ࣬ڷƵѹ֮£Щ˸ûа·Ȼȴ飬
˵ҲǺòȥ֫Ǳϣʱȴ¶ɫŷϣͬһͷҰһ㡣
ɣԱǿ˼Ƭ֮ҲǴ˸ȥ
ţҰɡʱԯ߻̤ǰһ˫ӡһֵĲѸٵ۶һһֵķģЩľߵϣ߱ͬһ㣬ٶ֡
ֶεҲǳ̾صֻԯߵֶʩչ֮£Ҳûа㷴
ػһĸпյĻѧϰһԯЦЦػһ̺֮طں֮󣬵ҲǿӵܽС


2918 
£ԯ׵øħǿеشʥѧУʱǿ߶Ǿۼһ
صʥѧУƲǿʼЩħߣ˫죬ŷ֮⣬ͬҰްҪǣǶһͬ㣬Ǿü֮䣬һĺɫӡǡ
ǱħȾôָһĺɫӡǵĸӦ֮£ƺӡ̺һּΪаңȻǿǵֵס
ûħ֮ӡǡ
ԯߵ˵ͷһ㣬ŹżеļһģһЩӡǣħص̺ɣҪڵħϢµǰЩӡǸ
˼Ƭ̣ҲǶԱߵ鷳ˡ
飬һ£ҽǷܹЩħ㹻á
΢΢һЦ֪ΪʲôϲָоΪǿ԰ﵽƣƣҲǻԼ֣ͬһɫâǳС
ʩչԼҽɫâҲԽԽ貣Ǽ䣬ͬǿе£ۡ
ңڳĲˣʱɫâĸȾ֮£𽥵ظܵһƽƺǰĵͷ׵ˣޱȡ
΢΢һ֪ҽǸȵزֵǣͬǾڵֳĲ𽥵Ƶ
ȴǲԣĳ֣ͬԼŪΪʲôҲֻǽʷС
ʱ˶ǽעħϣԭ¶֮ɫһֱͼߣʩչҽ֮Ȼ¶˿־塣
ǵģ־壬ƴħߵУһ־֣
ͬǿʲôΪµħ߲ϵǿ˺ȻȴԯĸǸ޷ѵ
ţǵӡڷ仯
ʱҲǶȻ׽ħü֮ĺɫӡǣ𽥵طϸ΢ı仯ϸĹ۲Ļǿ
ЧԯɫҲΪҽǶЩħԵЧ
ĪɣŮʥҽ֮תô
Ƭ֮֮۶Խ貣ħûκΰ취Ȼֻǳɫâ֣
ʼľɫ޷֮󣬾ֵɫþħ𽥵¶˼ΪʹɫϵŤ壬Զԣ֮еâԽԽ貣ݲǽжܡ
ԼĪٶȹȥƬ֮ħߣȴǶȻذ˫գǽȱ仯õ÷ƵһϲѵЧô
ʱҲɫأ˿ķɣܿ죬ڵЩħϢ𽥵࣬ü֮ĺɫӡǣҲǿʼ˵š
СģЩɫӡҪǵ
ʱԯ߲һ˿ԾȻ֮£Ҳ͵һħߵüֵһöɫӡǣڱޱ֮ȴǶȻ嵱У
ɫһ䣬ͻȻط֣Լҽƺһ˲ʧȥãȻı仯ƺǱøӵز
УħϢѾ裬ЩħϢǵ
ɫһ䣬Ҳһֱӵסƣְɡ
ҡҡͷȻҪسԣʱ򣬲֪ΪΣڵ飬ҲѸٵתһӱֱӵӿĵС
ɫӿֶ˲ڵ˹Ȼںһ˲֮£ٶħߵϡ
⡭ô£һʱ֮䣬Ҳסˣںϵħߵϣǿʼһһƺɫڲϵǵ塣
Աߵһˣǵɴ۾һĻԯߣʱҲһʱ֮䣬Ϊʲôǳ־棿
Ҫͣ
ԯ߳Ȼı仯ǵԤϣԣƺǴﵽԤڵĿ꣬Ѿ㹻ˣ⵽ʲôԵɣҲֻܹǵȴʱȥоˡ
һۣҲǵ˵ͷ²˼˵ںһ𣬲ϵͷŶħߵϡ


2919 
ŷϵħߵҲǷԵı仯ȻЩɫϢڻشǵӿֶƺһȫЩɫϢƬ֮󣬾ܹ𽥵ħ״̬
Ȼڴʱһ˭Ҳ벻ıȴǶȻطˡ
һֱǱƽħߣϵĺڰϢȻط֮󣬵ҲͻȻ˫оѪķ֮ɫ
СģǲϢˣ
ԯҲѵͬʱһǿ߿ʼɢܣһŲħϢҪ룬ҪֱӵؽѹĻ
˭Ҳ벻ħȴǻͣ³һΪĺɫϢһֱĸо̲סǴһ
ƽעЩڰϢһʲôԾǿĨɱħҲνֻҪǲܵ˺㹻ˡ
̹û취ƾǣ
˴㵵ǣʱħ߿³ĺڰϢȴ𽥵۳һģӣȻӣڳĲǿ߶ɫһ䣡
ΪǿˣӵòԼźڻмƣ
㵽˭
ȵҲڵӿֱǰγһ֣һЩڰϢʲôԾͷҲ޷һʱ乥
СӣϴڽǿǼģôô
һģɭЦͬǾĻȪ˺ë
ŴԣƵһӾԺ֮еһЩ䶸Ȼسֶڽ淢һЩֵ飬ЩЦ
ǽӡħ
ƺû뵽վ˿ӣ뿪˽
ǶЩ࣬Ȼԭ븽ϣһ޷㣬ԲѡùϧˣҪǿһ㣬Ҿܹȥ򿪷ӡʱ˵ǣȻ̹Ҳܹȵǣ
룡ڣȾָ½
ŭȵڵǴ֮ӿֱЩɫϢȥȻ֣ȴûаЧ
İɣûõģΪƾŮʥֶѶԸô㣬ˣֻҪð½Ϳ̿벻ϵط֮УʱķӡȻǿԴ򿪣
һģЦʱ򣬾ǵڣǴħ֮ʣȫظǣ
䣡
Ȼʱԯ߶ȻؾǽһӡһɼΪǿֱӵӡ˲֮һͳĺըҲֱӵشһЩɫϢ׵ر
Űɣħ֮ʣǸ֮ʱ
ħµЦҲõһǿ߶ɫüΪѿȻЩħϢԯ׵Ĩɱ֮ħҲǳ׵ʧȥ
ԣƺǳǵԤϡԯ΢˫ڿüΪϾˡ
ѵҵ𲻵ôͷֲ֮ԭΪԼ԰æȴûа취
ԯԣҲҡҡͷ޹أӦӵеĲŮʥͨȻĻԺ׵ЩħȻҲ֪ΪʲôɫʯǸиӦ
ԯ߶Ⲣû̫˽⣬ɫøӵأŷƵӸղħ֮пǿƺҰ½һЩ棬ȴΪ
˼ܣһͨ˼˵Ŀǽ
ǽķӡǱ֮ɼǿˣħڼ䣬ƵӡҲǳе޷ܣ˵ħҪͨ½ﵽƵӡЧδе쿪ˡ
֮ɣµǶԣȷǺǿ󣬵ǱˣǼһħϹʱ̹޷ɱǣ㣬ҪСĽˣһʲô⣬ǲ룡ԯ߳
ڿҲֻȺְæˡҡҡͷɫʮֵѿΪ֪ǱҪһ
һǳѵľһǿǧľ
ħϢѾǽ½ŪüȮˣûа취ԽôֻһѡǾǳ׵ϴ


2920 Ѱ
ҪƾҪ½ٵ⣬Ѿܵˡ
Ϊԯ߽ĶָҵŮʥµһεѡ
û뵽Ľȴǻ֪һΰ½Ķңƺ򵥡
һͷħƺڽʲôıһΪѰıĿȻ
УӡŵϹʱħ̹ͬûа취ɱħ
һǽ⣬ôɾǼΪˡ
ڣͷĻ޷ƽһҡԯ߳
ѵľҪ½ôƻ̧ͷȻ뵽ҪԼ½ǱħϢȾߣһ
ǰʱ䣬ͷħûѾõ½սҵУȾߣ֪ˡ
ȻЩ˶ǲĻǺ롣
ɱһɱۣۣԯҡҡͷҲǵҪվ
Ƶ˵ͷҲΪΣ֪Լˣ֮󣬰½ǰΪħǵµݲѡ
Ҫס½ôȻɱ½ħߣΣֻҪԼˡ
ڱǶѣ䣬ħҲļƻͬʱУĻ¾ǼΪ鷳
ԯҲǻصԽԽãħϢͬһ㣬Ƭ½Ѹٵţ˭Ҳ֪εر
󣬷ҲתúϢʣ飬Ҽˡ
ƣԲûܹæص֮һֱǸ
ЦЦһͷںɫĳ¹ֲ㣬ϣûµġ
ĵƲϣʲôǿӰ쵽ģҪ飬Ҳûи
Ŀ뿪Ƶɫ𽥵رź˵׼ɣҴ׼Ƕ֡
Ҫô΢ɣȻʱȷƻҪʶҲǱȷƶ࣬ҪɱٶҲǲڡ
Ϊ˰½˵İΣҪôҡҡͷԶҪһվȻˣ˫մѪǧΣ
ڳһЩǿߣǳĬˣò˵ǣƺһͲһܹġ
Ȼǧ֮󱳸˵ҲѡΪ
󣬷ڷԸһ֮󣬱ԯһǷ磬ֱӵذȵλ߸һ
ͨźѾǽ񽫾ǵ̬Ҳûзı仯ϾͷڵʲôǱκ˶Ҫ
˵½ѾΣô֪ͨҪЩħȾ߾֣Ҳ̲סһ
ǹ
ΣûκεĽ취Ҳˡ̾һ
ǾͶְɣЩһķӡ⣬ǵȺֻǸӵزʰҲǻصԸΪɱϣȻ޷صӣǻֱӵض֡
ǵģһҪ죬ûжٵʱӡԯҲǵصɳǿߵĻӦÿΪɡ
ͨһۣҲǵ˵ͷȻԯ߶˵˵ôҲǺ顣
Ǿȥټǿ߰ɣһɳĶϵǿߣȻĻ»ûжáͨ컺صȷԶԣ飬һǿ߿»޷ԡ
Ψǿ߲ǿԣȻ֮Ϊǰɵ͸ʧһֵмǿߣмʮټһӦǲʲô⡣
ɳʮҲǻصֽǽӽļˣϾҲҪһݲֵ½
ͷλˡƵҲ˫ֺʮصλ߱Ƿֱطأټǿߣ׼Ƿذ½
һεѪϴħһΪʱ飬ͷǿ߰æӦǿɲ١
Ͼ壬Ѿںػһ壬ʱػһǿߣǸӵǿ󣬶ԸЩħȾߣҲ㹻ˡ


2921 б
Ȼû뵽ǣȴͷǿߵʱڰ½ȴȻط˾˵ı仯
ʲô˵бħȾߣʱۼ
ʥѧУ˽һؾ֮⣬ǰ̽ӻ㱨ϢҲǲ˲
֪ģħȾߣʧȥ˼Ժֻзɱ¾ͷ
Ȼ״̬֮µħȴǻ֯Եжⱳĺ壬ȻѰ
ֹ
ʱ½شһϢأԭ
ģ϶ͷħڴʲô⡣ƶüͷһĨͷ֮£ͷħҪˡ
ȻһܵƻӡĻôĺǲ롣
УҪֹЩħ￿ºҲǵϣΣȲưԮҹǵǶ֡
ȥ֮Уд۾ϵǿ̴
һᣬֱӵ´ƲڣȨġ
۾ǿߣԸЩħĻ᲻еǿˣƶԱ߲ص
û취ȫǿߣûô֣ǼػһģҲС
侲صֻܹˣǿߴ첿ִ۾ǿߣԸͬĽЩģǷֿж
죬̣ǺߵͿˡ
£ҲǲŰӣֱӵؾ´һһ̬Ҳǹ˲̫ࡣ
áһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ǿ߾ؾۼһ𣬰ػһһЩϣʱҪվ
飬ʱǶѾ֪Ҳʶƶ𣬵ҲûйĿ׻ֱӵؾǸǰһ
磬֧ԮҪʱ䣬ҪľǣԮ֮ʣֹܵЩħ￿
ǾԲܹκģȻѪսҲҪס
ţʥѧУǴ۾֮ϵǿ߶Ǿۼһ𣬰ǷƵĶӣХƣ˴Ҳս
ûоܾȴǰߣϾǷƵĹ⣬ȻܲȻá
Щǿ߶ǷԼĪˣػһǿߣ屾ĵ̣һΣ㳲
ÿһ۾֮ϵǿߣ⣬ʮǿߣ𾳵ǿߡ
һƽʱѾǷǳؾˣ
Ȼǿߴ󲿷ػһ壬Ͼûµĵ̣ȻĻҲǲҪȥѰԮˡ
Ȼʱ磬Ҳͷʵǿ߻һһǿߣ
һΣͨ컹кλ񽫾ǿҲһ֣֮⣬ԯߺͷơ
һȷǿ󣬿˵ݻһУΪ
Ȼ׼Ƿذ½֮ʣȴǿһȵĵӣææطأ
ߣˣ
ԣһȺ˵ɫǱòѵǳʲô飿
˵׷ʲô顣ͨʵѾټǿߣôڹ۳ֽأ
½еħȾߣڶǾۼˣ
ȵĵæ
ǰ½ǿأʱҲʵԣЩ飬ҲԲˡ
½ǿߣѾγֱ֯ǸͼЩħȾߡ
ԣƵɫǻ˲٣Ӧİ취ҲǲҪ̫ġ
λڿ̲ݻ϶ԯߴʱҲǳЩǿ߷ֿ£ͨ죬ţǸԴһ˸һ˸һǰ
ͨźһۣҲǵ˵ͷ¿ǵϣЩħȻŶҪ֡
һܵƻĻǺ
мǣЩħߣһ
ҲǺѵȻȷڲпᣬǵƺûѡˡ
һգ¶ڰ½ԣһѪȵɱȻǹ꣬һҲǱ
Ȼպ˷ƵľԶԣΪȷһ


2922 Χ۽
£ͬһʱط˾䣬Ƶ˼ǲ²ⲻΪǳ
½ЩħߣȻͬһʱظ˽ҪʲôûܹԤϵõǲô˵ЩħԲǺ¡
һͷѷӡ߳ħޱȵǿ󣬾ȻǶ̶ʱ䣬Խ½Ū˻ңһùƻ壬õǶǱħһĴڡ
ʵ׶αħ߲ǳı仯ƲɵԼڽ֮ڣЩħǵȳ̶ȵħԼ֡
ûκʹУûκεǣеֻһɱ¾ģ
Ǹ״̬ħȫѾ˳˵ķ롣
·ԯҲһֵǿߣѾǸʱĸҲʮֵΣĲǿѾȵظ˽
ϾЩħҲǺʶΪƺͬ˲һ㣬ֱӵؾۼ֮ڣȻȴûԤϵЩħߣƺǵ
½ʮܵƽ٣ħϢȾȻʱ䣬ЩĲ໥ɱʣģǿߣȻ㾭һ໥ɱ¾ǲСӡ
ʱħߣˣ
νǼΪؿˣЩ붼ʥ֮ϵǿߣһִ۾ģϾߣȻҲǱ̭ˡ
ˣֻһʲô龰

ƶһ𣬿ǰħߣҲ̲סһֻʮˣȷҪ֮ħߣеͷˡ
û취ˣֻܳŵƵҲغһɨӶЩħߣɫһأΪ棬𾳵ǿߣ
û뵽ƴѪ֮󣬰½֮Ҳܹ𾳣ȴǱħϢȾʵǿɱ̾𾳵ǿߡ
½ûгֹبʹڵĶɣһηƴѪļܵӰģ壬еǰ½塣
Ҳǳ𾳵ĴڣǰһĻȻǳɾ𾳣Ҳħħצⲻɵú˲룬һͷħʲôΪ
ǿжԺڻжᣬǻ˰½ʮ壬ͬЩ֮е𾳽ǿ߶һ⡣
֪һͷħжôؿֲˡ
СһͷħʲôطһĻٵǳؼ֡ƶǰЩħߣȷԣ鷳ƾǼʮ˵ֻǷصȴƵ֧Ԯ
ҪģһͷħߣʱںδҪԸǿ׾ٵ顣
ֻǼвˣʱѾ޴·ҡҡͷҲǻ֣ʮǿߣڣ޿ˣشҲǺһܵǷʲô顣
ǱѡֻѪսףۺܿǵҪģǼֵ֧Ԯĵ
ʿȻʱԼʵЩħ߲֪Ҫǿ϶ٱβסϵĲడһ۾ǿߣȷǿԺ׵ʥ׵Ĵڡ
ʮʥأһٸһǧ֮£ȻǴ۾ǿߣҲΪԳģˣվǻоƣʱȻһǵ˼ޣʥ׵ߣҲԴݻٴ۾ߡ
϶ҧ
Ǻ·ģǼصף
ʱҲһģһħߣм˾޴⣬ʱǰػһ壬壬ǵͷֻһǾصףǲܷκһͷħ
ڵķƵˣѾ֮гǸϵĻҪһʱ䣬Ȼֻǿߣܹǵȵǵ֧Ԯ
·ϵĲϸ·ӽһһϢҲõ÷ƵɫΪأÿһǾۼħߣɲһ¡
һҪס
ƻؿǰղ֪û谵ͬĩһ㣬䶼һѹֵգǱˮһս


2923 ɱһɱǧ
ȻʱѾǻ㼯һǿߣٵǷǳϾΪǷˣʱ½ħ߾ۼ
ڲϵӣǵѹԽ
ЩӵħߣƶһۣɫøΪء
ȴȥе㲻װɡʱХüͷƵħߣһ½ħ߼룬иѹ˲١
ţЩħƺ˲һ㣬ȻǾۼȴûнһĶҪľǷصȴ֧ԮҲǳΪΣⱾʹˣڲϵС
ΨһֵҵľǣЩħ߲ûֱӵؽȻȴΧһ𣬶Žǿ͸ЩħߵҪʲô
ʱһģĺӰһɽ֮УңԶɵǣ¶һȵɫ
ţҺܿǴеĽӡʱû˿ħ彵ٵĲ
Ȼһͷӽѷӡħɵ˺ڻû֪ǿʲôزҲûȥЩħȥڵȡ
һʵĻᣡ
ʱĲ֮УƳħϢϯͬҪ䶼Ǳħ£
Ƭ̹ȥ֮󣬴ʱħҲǿһ۲񷣬һĨЦҲ˫ֺʮһصˣǿʼˣ
ȻƬ֮ϵһֵڣǳؼɬͬǹϵһ㣬ٶΧЩħߣҲ仯
͵ŭһƬ֮Щħߵ˫Ǳ˳֮ɫͬҰһ㣡
ܵЩħߵı仯º˱һۣҲ֪Էˡ
׼ˣ
ŭȵתɨӶЩˣɱһɱףɱǧɱۣ
ûа취˺һ˺󣬶ʧĲǽǵļ԰
źʿ裬Щǿ߷׷һۣжʱҲһֺǵģȻߣȴûоɱ¾֮¡
Ȼ˵ÿûɱˣȴû㣬ɱĲһҲһٸֹһǧҪǵķߵħߣҪ
𣡡
ȻʱǰħȴŭһЩħ߱͵ضǰǿ߱ܶȥǵĿ꣬ǽѾɥʧǵǣԺֻ֮ɱ¾ǰģ뱻ݻ٣
ɱ
Ҳŭһ˽źţʮ۾ϵǿ߷׷ŭһ̵ʩչԵֶͨΣЩħɱһ
ɫâŭѪͬҪ˼һ㣡
ʱͬÿһͬʱݣһӵǷ˽ǿߣûǾɱţΪľǱס
һħӰ˫Ӱ𽥵رһɽֻ
ɱ¾ɣɱ¾ɣǵѪϵħ꣡
ɱ¾ͬһʱţսΪؼңʼʱ򣬵ȷռƣϾЩħߣ󲿷ʥ׵ʵΪ࣬ߣֻд۾֮ϵǿߡ
ҪԸʥףǿ׾֮£ֿ̧ɸ
ǺþԼĪսԼĪʱ֮󣬿ʼǳֲˣȻǴ۾ǿߣҲֵסûоͷͬɱһĽ
ʱսЩǿߣ𽥵ؽӽ˼ޣǻָ²նɱʮʥ׵ħߣתۼ䣬һȺħΧ
ÿһǿߣ϶ѪܵģΪؿֲЩǵѪЩħߵѪڰʱսɱ¾֮£ܿγһʬǱҰѪɺӵľ
ÿһǿߣǿʼӽ˼ޣȻǰЩħߣȴﲻЩħߣʲôη壬Ȼͬ鱻ɱȴ˿޶ԡ
ɺ˫ģż͸¶һַɱ⣬Լǰ˭ǱϵһۣҲһؼս
סŭʱƶ֣Ѿǰ𾳵ħ߸նɱˣҲǲһеؽɱ¾ǰħߣ³ֻһǾ


2924 Ԯ
£ʱٵǽһģһ
Ѫɺӣʼ𽥵ǿ߼ֲסˣԶԣ߳ĻѹǸӵؾ޴
ߵǿ٣ʱ֮ħǲö˵Եľǣ㳤ʱĳȥ˵ˣǺˣҲδֵܹˡ
ڴʱԶһΪϢ˲ӿ
Ϊ׵ĺȻǷƣ
ԷΪ׵һȺǿߣƺƵϯǿϢϵɢƺǳɢ˲֮
Ԯõú˳׵һԮģǾܹϣˣ
ƵĵͷʵǿߣЩǿߣ֮ϣǿ߶ԣǸӵؾл
ƿ˵֮ʬҰѪɺӣҲŭȵħߣնɱ󣡡
仰ǳ׵֣ΣǱħϢлǿߣǲܹ
һǿߣҲӦһǸԶ
һ֮Уûκι£Ҳûκι̶Ķ֣ǳǰħߣҪ
Ѫէ֣µᴩأɱ֮ϵ˵ŷƴԮҲ𽥵صõ˿ƣϾǿ𽥵࣬ռݶԣҲżӰ졣
Щ󲿷ʥΪħߣǿ˾Եѹֻǳ֣ǿʮʥħߵȻϾħߵʵ̫ˡ
һѪսǽʱȻħͬɱһ㣬ﲻ
ʱʱȻǿߣҲǸоľˣÿմȾѪԼնɱ˶ٸħߣȻ̾ʱ䶼ûУֻǲϵؽɱ
ΪһͣͻܵħΧ
ʱҲǷˣȻħߵǺܶ࣬ȴԱ֮ǰԣѾһ󲿷֣ҿȥ½ӵħߣҲûжˡ
ȥ
ŭͨļӳ֣𽥵ش˷ԲⶼսõߵǿٶǼƬ̣Ѿ࣬ǵõ˿ơ
ʱʬᵹţѪ۳ɺħߣǵѪҺȴ
ڳǿߣ½Ե飬һҲˣÿǿմȾ֪ж٣ԶԣǲȥôΪأ
ңЩħߣѾ޷ٳΪǴʱһͷֻɱ¾Ұޣ
ƣ̫ˣǵ˴󲿷ֶ;ƿˡ
ʱҲ΢شͬ𾳵ǿ߶һƣɫ˵ǿˡ
ҲǺһۣմѪ֮µֻʬ壡
ټһ°ɣʱˣҪԸΪпʵҲǳǶԣɱħߣѾǳɱ֮˵ܺˡ
£ƶȻŭһΪָ˲٣˫غʮϵر仯ŸӡȻ˲֮һµĻ֮˲ر
ͬǴһ㣬ɫâ˺ڰգ׵ǰħ֮Уһ죬ЩеħߣҲǽػ
ֶεȷǺǿԸ޴ħߣֻһͷǻٵħΪ֮ȻȻˣڵҲǾסġ
еħߣѾˣȻתҲǸоһƣĸоĲȴɼᶨ֮ѪҺɣһһħߣǿеػ
ͬͬҲǳŭȴ΢غһ㣬Ϊͨͺ񽫾ǿߴڣӦõܶħߣǱɲ١
Ȼʱ˶ûвõı仯ЩµħߣʶѪҺȴǲϵ͸棬ǻ۳ɺ
㣬ڲ֪֮£˶ûв֮£֮ڵҲǳЩѪΪµħߵʵ̫ˣ
ȻһǱɱʶѪѾӰ쵽˽֮ڣѪڽһַԤϲı仯Ȼس֡


2925 
ʱ֪أڽȴǳ˸ֿЦƺɱõЩһֱ˯ڷӡħ˹Ȼڽ֮ɵӹŷӡ
ڲǿħϢȴӿţţһЩϢڰ½ôµĺ
ǰƾһͷѵӡħð½ҵУ֮һ壬˸³
֮ڣֿЦϵѾǼ֤ԼҪ뿪ӡʱ
ԶҲһӰѸٵؼжĿȻ̧ͷһգҲЦˡ
Ȼһͷҵħ
ʱƣԵҲǺѸٵؾǱˣȻǶһضǺʬҰģֺ˵Ҳ⡣
ٵǿ߶ǿԼմѪ˫ֿЦѣղս֮У޷Ȼʱ֮󣬲𣬲֪Լʧ
ûеѡ
ûﲻֵħ֮󣬳ʣħǾһɱ¾֮ΪĿɾͲˣʱǿҲǿЦ㳤ʱս֮ÿ˶ǽ˼ޣЩ֮ԻܹվţΪԼĵһڼš
Ļǿȵսǿߣܹر
ֵħ𽥵ؼ٣ƵȼҲһڶԣǱƵˣҲ赣ЩƬ֮֮⣬Ҳǻ翹ħߣģǻһʬ壬ѪУ
һսƵ˲ŶħߣǴŵĿȥٲʮ
Ҳ˵һεսȻնɱʮħߣҲˣ㲻׼ȷҲǲ̫࣬ʮħߣ
ʮħߣȴǱ˸ϵֿ
ʵ֣϶ǲֹʮϾ½ӽ֮һ壬ЩڽħߣǾ̭֮󣬲
뵽½ЩħϢȾ壬ƵҲǸسأףΪε̹ϧԼһУҲҪħﳹ׵ѹ
һЩħس֣ǺǲԤϣ
ƣСĵ㣬Ǹһһֱûг֣ʲôֶΡ
ʱҲǳѵϾǶԣBOSSǸһֱδֵħ
㶯ڳ˭֪Բ򵥣õЩħǧѵľ棿Ҫ֪ΣǾֵţҲһ
֮ܶǲ򵥵ؽ
ħʵͼȴֲһͷħҲǸûг֣÷Ƶ˺ǲ²⵽뷨
ô˵ҪǳˣϧһдҲҪӡ
ƴϢսҲõϢȵ˿ݽߣԼվȵĸо
ȻǴʱҪԲо֮ʣȴǷԶһǿħϢȻؽ٣
ħ
ºɫȻر仯¹Ȼǲϣͷħվǳˣ
غһҲǿһԯ߻кˣλˣƬ̣Ҫָһڵ
ΪƲˣԼڵ֮ƺǿԿЩħҲֱӵ£Żָ֮£ҪģǾػָڵȻص۷״̬
ͷħʱ֣Ʊǲ򵥵Ŀģ϶к֣ĺʲô˵֪
ԯߵ˵ͷҲ˷Ƶǰһͷӽħ
Ƭ֮䣬һͷħѾԯߵǰɨһѪɺӣʬҰ֮أҲǷ˲Ц
ɱԼͬĸоΣǲǺܺ档
ͷħޱȣҲͨһЩֶΣָΪŻ޼ɵĳ֡
ݵòΪû˶ԸôԯŭһϢҲͷŶȻҲ񽫾
һֱز¶Ϊȴ񽫾Ҳͨһõ˽Ļᣡ
ޣȻ񽫣
ԯߵϢħҲǲ˲٣ȴǺûõģ̹ɱң񽫣кã
۷״̬Ȼɱˣ㣬۷ô


2926 ͼ
ħ֮أܹӣ
ͷħЦǣǽܹشǻɱңҲûôҵķѾһط޷ɱҡ
ǾķҲһɱˣ
ԯŭһҲĳֱ֣ӵؾҪֽй
Ȼһ̣ͷħȴҡҡͷЦԼˣɣ
һ仰£õԯ΢΢һ㶣ʲô˼
ȻƬ֮ͷħɭȻһЦҲֱӵؾһӡȻ֮£ֱӵرըһźɫ˲ڿն
ͬʱʱ䣬ǿ裬ɫһ¾Ǻڰͬǽ˺ҹУ
ûκεļ󣬰½磬һӵؽ˺ڰУ
ԯߵ¶֮ɫּʵǲ˼飬Ƿʲô飿
ȻƬ֮Ǹоһǵı䣡
ɫĻ谵֮󣬹Ѹٵɢû⵽ô£Щħ𽥵ǱѹǶ𽥵ط˾ġ
Ȼʱľ䣬ȴõٶĵٽǵＫ޵ǿߣʱҲٶȵվʱҲǲƺǻҪǼЩ
ͨźλ񽫾ĴڣҲ̧ͷܵı仯˿ûзɾ衣
ԶԣʱҪԵĵˣ
Ͽգʱһسһ޴Ӱڳȥħ߲Ϣ۶ɣħӰĳ֣õò˶㵣û˸Ҵ⡣
ӰԼؾһͷħ۶ɣɢϢõòһֿ־壡
Ҳ𽥵˫Ϣûлָ۷״̬Ҳǲ˶٣ʵʲô飿
ԯߵҡҡͷҲһ۵ͷħȷǳˣǽƺĶĿǰ޷͸Ҫʲô
΢˫Ű֮гֵһħӰҲɻѣħڳ֮ΪΪʲôЩħǧ֮ڣͼ
ȻʱǿԿħͼǺҪӡôԣûЩħ֮Ҫӡǲ̫򵥵ˡ
ɱԼͬĸоΣ
ʱϿգͬһʱػҲǺֱӵأ֮ڣȻش˿µ
һʣõò˶Ϊ֮㵣⡭ķӡôͻǴݶµĲ
Ǽ䣬洫ݶĿϢõò˶ӡûκ⣬ǡΪȴ֮쳣
ͬһʱ䣬ǿ߶ֱӵؼһǿеʩͼȶķӡƬ֮Ҳ˲سһĨǳ˵ı仯
Ѫ
ӽ֮ڣѸٵһѪһǼΪذɫѪĳ֮󣬽ķӡܵӰ죬ͬʱݶһ
Ǽ䣬粻ϣͬ˵ĺУõԼһֻĸо
֣ǵĳ֣ܹЩħߵѪҺ͸ӡȥڡЩѪҺ֮еԹӡ
֮УϵػħЦǴʱƵ˵ɫȴǶȻؾ
ˣȫһȦף
ԯɫȻط˾䣬ʱ˹ΪʲôЩħ߲ϧǧûκγĶǵȴˣǶǿ߽й
ȫΪǿƣɱЩħߣ
ԯ߿ŽŵվŵأǱʺɫѪҺ͸ޱȵغˣ֪ħߣϵѪҺǻ۳ɱӿĺȻЩѪҺ͸棬Ȼǲ֪֮оӰ쵽˽ķӡ
ħĿڣҪľЩħߵѪҺЩѪҺ֮еԹȾķӡ
ħߵѪȾӡͼӡͻƷӡ
ˣԯҲû뵽ԷȻѡְ취ֱǲ˵ʮħߣȻǱ˵ã
Ϊħ߱Ҳ֮еĳԱȻ̹ǵѪ֮ǰҲǳ޾Թһǽ֮ڣԷӡ˳ôǲ룡
úݶ
ϤǰҲǷŭԽӡ


2927 ֮Ѫħ
ֹǴñ޹ħĿ꣡
ңƵ˵ΪҲǼذħļƻЧħҪġ
֮Ѫ֮ԩ꣬ħ꣡
Ȼ֮£һͷħҲŭһ쳹죬û˿ԤʱǷһĻ顣
ɣ޴ڣҪɵһ㣬ķӡ˲ǿҲһĺӽ֮ڴ˳
ͬ
ؿһУȻȴûа취ֹ
ɫĲ񷣬Ȼ˵׵磬Ȼ˲֮󣬱꽵٣ͬԩźűĳ֣ڵⷽȴͬѪһ㣡
ֻҪЩıҵļƻɹİɣķӡΪǵΪͬѪܿͻʧЧǸʱ򣬾ħٴ֮䣡
ħػصƬأȻϢȻɢͬǴûгֹһ㡣
ƻ̧ͷɱϣʵô
ˣⲻһı壬ɵƬɽ棡ԯҲغһˣΪ֮ɣҪӡ֯һǧ꣬Ϊħ֮ء
Ȼħȴǽթޱȣڷӡ֮ǰǿеط꣬ɾһط½һı
ʱȻģܶ飬ˮɵؽԯߵĻҲ֮УȻһȦףǵɱ¾ȴƶȦ׵ĳ֡
䣡
һ춸Ȼشӽ֮ڴһǿϢֱʣõڳĲ˸أԯߵˣѾǲˣӡ𽥵ؼ
ȻʱĹȥѪ̺ԹǴݻٽķӡҪ֪˵Ѫ۵Թʮֵؿֲ
ң֮ǰʵԹȴǶӡЧ޷ݻٷӡԹԣϵŷӡһǹȥ㹻ʱ䣬ͻǳ׵߽ӡ
Ǹʱ򣬵ͬھ̹ķӡҲǱԹƣӡħͻƿӡ
⻹ʲô취ûУǲܹӷӡ⡣
ȻǸһУҲǲܹ÷ӡ⣬һӡ֣˵ǰ½Ȼ綼һ٣Ϲʱ̹ŮʥȴڣѹЩħڣѰҲȵ
еˣǳĬͨ컹кŵˣǴʱûκεİ취ǰֻؿŽ֮ڣ𽥵ڶһѪ׼Ķһ㣬
ĬƬ֮ԯߵ̾һصͷ­Լ˫ɿݵƣҲصȻһεػߣôҲǸʲôˡ
ƶȻزԯ仰ƺǸһֲԤУȻԯߵǰ
ǰҪʲô
Էƣԯ߻̧ͷȴһƽЦݣֱŷƣЦƣպػһиˣ飬ԵĻ飬ǰ磬̹ٻ
УŮ޵ϣŮʥԨԴҲǲǳպףһ֮
ԯ߻صͬиһ㣬Խ̬ȴԽõ÷ľѣɵ֮ɣ֮ǰҲƽͬޱȵƽ̬
ƶǳĬҲԼز²⵽ԯҪʲô
ƣϣϣϣ
ȻԯȴҡҡͷķƵļպػһ壬ػƬأΡ
˵֮ԯȴ̤ǰҪȴһεţԯߵΪ񽫾ԯߣƸ޲ߡ
ԯЦЦȻתŽȥ
һ£Ȼ̤˽ɫâͬһ㣬ÿһ£ͬһţ˵Ϣ𽥵رðƺ˲
ڼεѹȥԯһһؿ˽ʱȴͨɫâ䶼𶯣񽫾Ȼǿֲ˹
ǰΪҪͼȴֻؿԯߵľٶ
ضξعءԯߵص̧ͷŲ񷣬Ǽ䣬ɫâ


2928 ֮һ
ԯߴʱľٶɾõ˶ɫΪ֮һ䡣
ǿǿ߶˲񽫾ƣ
Ǽ䡣貵Ľɫâֱӵؾǽ˽֮ڣǣŽɫâ˽ڵħϢҲǼ˲٣Ⲣԯߵ
ԯߣһУǿеش߶ķӡͼٶѹһħϢ
£ƺڳţԯٶ֮󣬺ͨ춼ͬһʱһ£¶˲˼ɫҲǳĬ
ǵΪȻǿԺ׵ؾͲˣԯߵΪ
̧ͨͷܲĲ񷣬ƾǵ֮ϣû뵽ԯ߻֮ƺҲĿǰΨһܹ¡
ҲΨܹǻѷӡ
Ƭ֮ͨ컺תʬҰѪɺӣ̾˿ҲǳպȽǻعػһ壬Ҳ壡еȵĴڣ
֮ͨⷬ󣬲ȵǿߣ¶˾ɫͨΪҪ˵
ưƣȻϣҲǰиˡ
̧ͨͷһգҲǿЦѣϢȻرͬѡһһ˽ޱȵؾȻ
ڴͬʱҲǶǿ߷Ըȥڴ֮壡ǿߣԶػһ嵱УҲ壡
Υɱ⣡
ſһķĿҲ̹ȻһЦǵΣ޷Ρ
һķƺ˵ʲôԼ֡
Ƭ֮󣬺ŶȻؾȻתһѡ˽֮ڣһʱĻˣ˵ʱǿߣȻѡҲǵĽ֣޷ӱܣΪʹ
֮һ
µ仰֮󣬱ֻ˽֮ڣͬģ֮ڣͬس˿µϵǿսݶλ񽫾Լؽİ
еǿߣǲصȹ£ԽһʱĽҲΪˣԸԼ
嶸Ȼһ£һԶɫĪظӣȻȴԯѡ֮⣬Ҳͬһѡ񣬰ͨ죬кš
ƶĬյȭͷ޷²⵽ʲô
˱׳һĻƻĿˮʶ£ԯߣͨ죬ţˣԼ顣
ϼһ֪ƾ˵ŤתӡҪǿȥ
ʱȴǻؿڵ˻쳣Ҳ𽥵ط˱仯˸ӵؼᶨ
ͬһʱһʱǵѡͬҲҵѡ񡣡
ں֮ҲǶȻ̤ǰϵ죬¶һƽɫ
𣡣
ŭţҪôʵ̫ˣ
ƶЦˣЦΪɣʱѾˡ
֮ƶȻҲͬѡ˲Ȼľͬһ
ƶ𣡣ΪҪƾԼĺݺݵرͱһһУӦܲŶԣ
ǰĺ𣬶Ȼͣ˽ŲϵϢǰδеǿµҲǲϧһУҲҪֹһУΪǵʹ
ƣʵҺԤ½ǸԤԵȷ¡
𻺻صڣһԤԡ
֮󣬶ȻģڰĲ񷣬޴â֮һĻһĻ棬ѸٵâƶеĻ˸ǳؿ죬쵽
ȻƬ֮󣬺ЦˣԼҪĶŷƣúõػȥϼ縺еϣ
˵仰Ȼתٶƶǽ˽ӽ֮ڴĿΪʢɳû֪⵽Ƿʲô顣
Ȼͬʱȣ壬ػһ壬֮е𼶱ǿߣĬƬ̣ǵѡȻһ
֮һ
ͷһʱ䣬ҲһʱĿȻڷƶԣĴȴ̫ˡ
еǿֻΪһ


2929 ʱĻ
ܹЩ޷ѡǿߣһⶼ𾳵ǿߣ
ػһ壬ȣ壬ͷʵѾõһЩ𼶵ǿߣʱǶһѡͬľٶ
ΪԴԯ߻ͨ˽˽֮Ȼʱѹ˽ıԣǷȱ㹻
λ񽫾ǿ˽֮ڣʮ𾳵ǿߵĸ棬һʢ衣
˶һãȻ״̬֮УŽ֮УҫֵâԼЩǿߵİһεս
һʱĻΪ˽İ˶޷ˡ
ΪʲôΪʲô
૵صʬҰ޷ʵһΡ˵еĶΪֹıԼ
Щѡ˽ǿߣȼԼԯķľǿߣȻҲĬĬͬػһЩϡ
һ̣ǶΪֹıԼ
챯ХΧһЩǿ߽ǳĬɲϣÿ˵֮ϣȴûõգһۣÿ˵ı鶼ǼΪ£ؿŽ֮еâǿ֮еâ
ƳХȴعڵϣĬĬصͷ˫ֽգָ׶УھΣǵģľǲһĻķ
Լ֮ǰѰҵħ䣬һоͲᷢ
ԼҵԸħߵİ취ǿ߾Ͳ˸Լ
û̫һжˣ֪ƵǸᣬԣԸЩǿһ֮ڣһ㣬ͷųԼĹâ
ԣΪϼ縺˵ϣ
ȣ壬ػһ壬ͷʵߣѡ˰ϣ˷ƵϣΣƶҪǴǵϣػȥ
ϣ֪ǹȥ˶೤ʱ䣬һʱҲһ죬ܿƿʼ𽥵ͣˣڰƣ𽥵ر˺ѣһƲõ⣬ͬһ
ƻ̧ͷƽٹĵһ⣬ȻʱֵһĻȴǷˣ˺˺ڰƣ˲֮ԼܵĺʬҰħʬ壬Ȼ𽥵ػһһư̡
ϵʧţͬǱȵƻվܣϵڶỊ̇Ŀȥʬ壬һ̣Ϥػޡ
Ƭ֮ӽʮħʬ壬һ̾ȻǾػޣͬǱа񣬲ٴ䡣
Ȼʱ֮ڴȴƽûĺУҲûǳħҲû貵âûǰͬһжǻظ˼ž
Ƿȴ¶˸˵ɫŽڵĵطֱӵصȹ£ĬǿҲͬĶЩңȡ䰲ǿ߱Լ𾴡
֮һ
૵仰ҲǻվĶңʱǿ˿ǿߵǰЩħߵԹѹӶõ÷ӡǴڡ
ȻȻûн棬Ҳǲ˽ķӡѾǲǰˣǿ˵û֮һεľٶһεĶңȻǴǿߵҲù
غһƻ˻֣һؽˣȴǸʥѧ
Ʒʥѧ֮ʣȴǷ֣һЩȥǿߣȻǿߣʱϤؾۼ壬ǶڵȣȷƵĻ
ΪͷķԸںϣһ㣬˸ҷ
μػߡ
ƻǿҲϤصȹ¡
ɣλѰҲǳȻЩǿȴҡҡͷһȵǿ߳Ӵ֮ȣˣǲػһ嵱С
ûˣǽߵ
һҲ˵صȻҲй
һӱסˣζ󲻵ͨ죬ʱ򣬰ѸԵиô
򲻿ɣλ𡣡æҡҡͷ·ͬСɣͷػһ塭⡭Ҫıĸô


2930 
ػߴӦ
Ȼͷǿ߶ͳһھзƲӦĻ;Բͷ
⡭
ƶʱΪˣ֪θúãȻʱ򣬴ʥѧ֮⣬Ҳ޵Ϣ٣ԭֻʵˡ
ֻʣôҲˣ·Ϊ㵡
ֻһģˣҲ˵ˡ
ƣѾ֪ˣߵͣʹӦ˰ɡֻʵһصصһεĽ֮ңõͷͷǳ׵Ԫˡ
߷׷һЩ𾳵ǿߣҲǷ׷׵䣡
ԭ֪ͨҪΪµػ֮ʣˣʷ֮ңҲ뵽ĽǾԼ˿ҲزȻͷʧ
Ҫиһܹ縺ϣˣͷܹһģȴǲ࣬ȺڲһҲǵβϣ
ΨһˣǾǷơ
⿪Ѫˣϣ峤ơ
ͷϣƣҲֻܹϣ˶ԣԲǺŻͨ죬Ҳ׼
÷ƽֹͷΨܹס졣
ƳĬƬ֮˳˼У飬ԣǵһΣ֪һͷӦˣôԣ縺ΣǸ֮ࡣ
ػһ壬мȣȣͷ˵ǰ磡
ΪҪǣڰ½弸ǳΪ˰֮ףһħĳ֣½ʣ壬ǰ嵱ϣˣ仰ԣֻҪƵͷӦĻô͵һ˳ɾƹߣ
磬½طΨһ˶
磬Ȼػһ壬ǲ£ҲûʶͷȻͷ໤ǣƣҲǳһԵһһεвǾɡ
½΢һ㣬ôͨһ˵ŬϵΪŵǣĵλˮǴߣǳԽĻԻͣԼŰ֮׵ļ
ȻŽֻҪͷܰ½磬Ϊ
ƣ֪ΪѣȷûκαΪʺϣһعͬѡ㣬֤ȷ縺ϣֻʻص
ɨһڳĲǿߣҲغһ粻һһνĶң˷ӡҪ˵ȻĻһνٳκǲ롣
ԣҲǶȻؾѣǵģֻû˵ȥĶȻƽˣĴǣһǿߵĻԻͣ
մʱӡԣʱ䲻ǳ⣬ѱ֮һٶȽ磬ôԶԣʱҪԵͻǸӼ֡
ȻˣҿԴӦȺǿߣǳ׵ػһ塣˼Ƭ֮󣬲ǻص壬ȻǰػһѾԳһ塣
ҵ˼ǣȺ壬ػһ壬ߵĹϵ䣬෴ǻΪһˣͬά²İΣƻذԼĵԸȻͷһں»Ƿ༬ֵ飬ʱƺûʱЩںʱ鷳
ػһ໥ںϣûг׵ؽ⣬Բͷ
壬ǿѡµļ̳̳ȱĵͳƳֻǲ̵ܹʱ䣬ںеһԽ⡣
ֻʵһۣһʱ֮ҲҲܾɣΪ׵ĴȻֻʵˣԻʸ˫Ϊͷһǿߣ˵Ϥ䡣
һεĽңǸ̫ˣͷҲʣಿֵأⲿǿ߶֮ϣࡣ
ðɣȻô˵ˣҲһֻʳص£Ҫȥʣĳһ
Ƶ˵ͷ֮һٶȻ磬ʱһ嵽ʱ˵
ֻʵҲ̵ȥϾҵĿһͿ


2931 ϰ
Ͼͷһ䣬ʱƽϢ෴ǲиͷǿ𽥵䣬һЩС֮Ҫûҡ
ȻҪľǣϾЩ鷳ĳ֡
ʱڰ½УҪԵҲõȥŽһս½ڵЩħϢȾߣѾǳ׵ʧ
Ϊ۵ǣ½ʧʮ壡ʧʧڰ½ԣΪزأȻʣİ½һЩ壬ѾؾǨƵĸͼѰұӡ
֮£ƾãܹð½ȥҪһİ취
ǰˣȻǿԺܺõĽ취ʣ壬ν֮У˵ĳԱǵõİ
Ҫľǣ½׵ںϳһ壬һɢɳ
ǵǳ壬뷨ҲйҲ뵽ˣĿǰԣҪ峼壬ȷѣΪպ»
壬ѾǳΪػһ壬ػһ壬ػһػڰ֮ϣػһԼĶԣܹǿزںϰ塣
ǵòʧ
Խ˵ĻЩˣĳЩ£ϵ˵壬ػһ壬Ҳ壬Ѱʱǲκ顣
ܹػһĶԣһǿԱ鷳
Ƭ䣬壬ĳһˣĳһƶǿð峼ֱӵΪ֮ףʲô壿
ĻԻͣѾǼ֤ˣǿߣҲبų棬֧ǰ½ֻ֧Ҫһ컹ڣпѹһС
ǧվģǸʱһƳʲô⣬½ͻǳ׵Ϊ˱֣ҪػһĹԣĻҲܹȫ塣
Ŀֻʵһ˵ȥ֮󣬷ҲǿʼԼķ½û𼶱ǿˣ֮⣬ʣľֻǿߡ
֮ڣǿ߻٣ɶΪ׵һǿߣл̵ˣҲһɲɺӵ
£ʥѧǼһһԣʧ󣬱Ͼǣͷػһһǿߡ
ͳһ£½ж塣
ҲǳҪž滹ƿ֮УѸٵγˣ
ʮ壬Լжʮ壬ѾȫǨƵĸ򡣡ʱҲǵص
Ƶ˵ͷƬ̣Ҳǵ֪ͨʮ壬ɳһ켯ʥѧˡ
һۣǳɵˣĻ¡ֶеˣ޷ѹһЩͷ尡
ǵģֶΣǸң˵ͣǻ˻ˣصһͷֱӵټʣ壬ǿеس֮¡
ҡҡͷ½ոǾ䣬ӦдұˣɲǼ򵥵壬ػһʹǵĹʱظıһ¡
ԣҲһ죬ȷû뵽һ㡣
ȻиûбҪĻҲᣬԸȥ˳壬ֱɱӺ
΢˫ˣȻǲǿӲֶΣⲻŷûа취Ǳģе岻μҲˣһǻ鷳壬ǲġ
ҲǵͷǣȻ˵ǿǷ۰½ħ֮ҺҪܹſ壬Ѱˡ
ȥԸȥҲվͷ¿̲ݻ½ʱһ𣬶Կħˡ
ȻûʲôΣգܴԶˣң֮ڣٳʲô⣬ܹٽˡ
Ҳǵ˵ͷҲ룬˵ħϢ뿴һ֮ûʲôء
ʱҲ뵽ˣħĴʵһΪ˵ĵ飬ʲô취ǳ׵һݽĻȻ󲻹Ȼƾе㲻ʵܵ˽һħԴ


2932 ׷
ħ֮ҲһЩءʱҲǻؿڵһ֮УֵһɽһϹǿĵͳһЩϹʱ
˵ħԴ򵥣κǸʱ壬ԶԶûȥӴ֮£Ҳǲ֮
ԣʱǰһҲʵǸط
ʼʥѧĵ¡
£΢΢һ㶣ҲΪ㵣Ȼʥѧ֮£
ţҲؽκεϢȥ̵˵ͷȥĻǰȥһ£ǸطҲûʲôȴŹħһЩء
ãȥ
ƵҲվǽһЩϸ֮󣬱̵Ĵ֮£ʥѧ֮ڵһأﱳɽ壬ƽնǱΪأûм˿Կ
ݴ֮أʵϣȴΪɽ֮е顣̻صҽ⿪˽ƣȥɡ
Ƶ˵ͷɨӶܣһΡɽ壬һĵܣǽ̸˵Ҳ֪طȻܡ
·ƱǾֱصɽ壬ڰɽ֮ʣһѨڣֱӵ˽ȥʱһɹžɵϢ⿴ȥͬһ򵥵Ķһ㣬û쳣
Ƭ֮󣬷Ʊע⵽ˣⶴѨܵʯڣȴʼȻһЩأҲǿʼһضϾǹϵħԴͷ
ڶ֮𣬷Ҳ˽⵽ˣԭˣϹʱһҲǱħϢȾߣֻ龳
֪Լħ֮Ϊ˲²ӻ£ħûȫԼѡǷӡеΪⶴǧ꣬𽥵
ǡã龳ǿߣǾ̹һǿߣνǼ֤̹Ǽ֤ħֵĺڰں֮սûκʾǿؾѡ˷ӡΪܿһ֮ս
ǿ˴죬ƲȫؽʯϼصĶؿ꣬Ҳˣħվôֵġ
ϹʱδδȻ֮ȴǵ壬徭֮󣬳ɾϵͨһΪ̹ţһΪŮ洡
Ȼ̹𽥵سɳǧһɵĻ磬վһ죬е˻磬γأŮǴ壬õ
ǸЩ壬еĹ𽥵ؾγһٵ
Ȼȴ£̺֮ʲô˵֪ڻ֮е̹ŮҲǲ֪ȴ̹𿪱صʱõûһѺۡ
ȻѺ۵һˣͨһ磬ͬһռ䣬Ϊѭصһﶼ棬ȻҲǲ⡣
֮У̹Ů洣ôͬģڻ֮еҲֻǣ̹𿪱µ磬ôڻһˣȻǳһ磬ֻպ֮෴
һ磬ǳ˺ڰ磬еа磬仰ԣ̹˿һ磬Ȼһһڰ硣
ǻ磬йаȻ̹Ҳ޷ת
ʱĹȥһѺۣ𽥵س⣬õð֮ȻؽߣȻ̹˷ֵ磬ǵһʱطӡѺۣٹȴѾ˺ܴĶҡ
԰֮ǿԲϵظȾаһǱǵϢȾͬǵĿһ㣬ʧȥһеǣ֮еĺڰһ棬ȫر˳
Ϲʱ֮ɶδֵĸʱڡ
̹Ůʥ󣬿ʼ˶ԸЩ԰֮Ƿ֣Ȼ֣Ҳ޷׵ؽɱЩЩ԰֮Ѿ˺ܴĶҡ
һЩ龳ǿ߶ܵ˸Ⱦ׷׵رһ߾ǿħߣ̹ҲΣľԼһУ԰֮ﳹ׵طӡγ
Ȼڷӡϣħ̹֮ԲãһվôӦǳ׵ؽ⣬ѡع統УŻѺֹۣİ֮ħ֡


2933 ֮
̹ع֮ŮʥʣǿЩħ߿ʼսν֮սȻһվ֮УŮʥ󸶳˼ΪصĴ֮ǽЩħ߳׵
µ龳ǿߣһһ̵䣬ŮʥҲʹļףһ֮Ҳع硣
̹ѹ֮Ĵػػ統УŮʥɱ˱ħϢȾߣ֮ս֮ع˻֮С
ǽϵĿ̻Ѿûˣȴ˳˼
˵ǣһȫ֪ϹʱһЩأЩħǰ֪ģԭ£Щħһνİ֮硣
ͬʱҲ˼Ȼʱ֪Щħȴûа취ζԸЩħ̹ͬûԿóЩħǼΪ֡
궼޷ɱֻѡγ˽зӡ˵ڣٳһ̹ͬȵǿߣܹת
̹ѡҲһЩɡ
Ƴ˼ţԺ֮жȻһâԼһֱҪ֪ĶĵطֱǴͬλãȻ̹ѡѽȵطԼ뷨
Ȼͷĳ֣Ҳˣǰȥúõؿһ£ǷܹеİǿѰҵõԸħİ취
ڲϹʱǿ˵Ƕԣһʱһǿ߾䣬Ȼµһǿߣֻзһ˿ţ֮⣬ûٶĽܳˡ
統УһЩڳе𣬵ڷƶԣ޷˵öǼˣҲ޲
·Ҳ߳һĶħѾ֪ǶԣûܹѰҵõԸħİ취ǰҲ̸ȥ
ΪĿǰΪҪľϰ½ǻз磬ЭֻŻʸ˫ӹͷ
統У˶֪֮ңȻͷǴ˵֮еػһǿҲϤ䣬Ի͵ʱѾǹȥˡ
ͷУΪܳһʸ˫Żʸף嵱ֵֻܣټϸ֮ڣȻǻ̺һĵ̡
ȻǾܾӹͷϣܹԼ˵ãʸ˫δޣɣֻʣĽ飬ȻǸ˵
ͨղŵĽ̸ѾǷǳȷʾ֧˳ΪµߣƹͷⰴԣӦòʲô⡣
Ƿ²һ򣬾һ綼ˣǿ˵Ȱ½ңΪ½УѹһУ෴ʱ統УͷѾȺˡ
һڲַĻľͷ˾ͻ߽⣬㲻棬ǽƣȻУÿ˶ȥػȥػǵ硣
Ϊ˱һ֣ƱҪǰһˣʸ˫ֻʳ׵ؽӹͷǲܹʲô
ΪΣҲͨͺŶϣ
ô죿Ƴ֮أҲʵڵʱƿ֮УǽһմڣվǸΣա
ķӡǻܹ֧ŰꡣƻصҾ֪Ǹħﲢûһֻķ񣬱ȴһ𱻷ӡ
Һµľǣ֮һʱȴû˿Կİ취
صĵģûеڰ½ԣ֮һٴαǽǻصѣȻǸʱȴû˿İ취ֹ
ѵֻصȴ֮ô̵̾һ
ɣǷ¶ҪΪһ취ġغһ֪˶ԷԣΪ˵ϣ
ӰɭˣͻȻʵϾҲ֮壬ԼȻֻԵǵǰ棬ԶԣǵĴڣҲ֤ǵʱ
ڱչأϢǿᣬڽұ֮ʣѾλˣҪͻƵٳء


2934 ޴
һ֮ȻҲõʥѧ㳡ǰȻЩĴȾǸҲǲ˿ӣֱŷʵȺף˳ĻǵҪһǿȺۡ
Ϊ˭أ
Щ壬΢΢һЦϵУҲûκθо⣬ɨһЩĴҲʵ
ڳλУʺλӵˣĪ֮ˡʱһλǿȴȴǶȻһתػһˣػһĵλȻǲʺϲЩ£ҾûҪ嵱ѡ
ⷬ˵ÿԼȴָƣӦλӡ
Ȼһ֮ȴ˲ٵ۷׷ףһʱ֮䣬ɫ⼸ǲ֪ô
ȴǻ˻ƣʾ˰ɨһ⼸壬һĨĻȣػһ飬һλҪһ룬ػһͷȻǻΪ˵ͷǲĻԣҲǿǼˡ
ƵĻＫΪؼЩκأһȺ޴֮ͽ֮ҵʱʲôڽòƽȴҪͼȡȨ
ǣˣǲԱ㣬պ֮һǱǱǸƽɣҲػһӡ
ǿ̬ȣȴǳ˵ԤϣǲЩˣ̬ȺԣҪôˣҪô
㡭
˵ǿ߶ʱΪ֮ᣬǿƵĻ֪η
ûƵȷǿƣһҪǿƵףȡ֣˵ˣЩƶںô꣬һ˭ȭͷ˭˵Ļǵ
ָЩ˺ú˵ǲʵģֱӵǿơ
ʲôңΪҲ֪ʲôɨ⼸壬֮ҵʱ򣬰½ܴݲУ˶壿
ǰػһǿߣ
ѹػһӵܣ
һļʣʱȫ˶ǰ˵ûչ鵽ףһЩ֮ңûĻ½ʵˣĺǸӵؿ£
֮ҺòײƽϢȴΪػһҪƿ½Ϊǵλܵ˶ҡô
ƼЦ޴ļһ
ػһҪͳ½ΪҪνˣػһǿ߾½˭ֵܹ
仰ȻǺֱӣȴǵһʵû壬Ӧ˵ػһ壬ȷҪͨͳΰ½ĻȷǿЦ˵㡣
ʱ֮£Щַˣʱûжٻ˵ˣҲһۣ֪νӻǵĴȴΪΣԹˣҪ֣͹̫޴ˡ
˵ŵȻǼţŵˣҲ˵ǡƼǲԸμˣһǾ仰뿪
ֻպ֮ٶȱǲṩκΰ𣡡
һ¿ǲˣǳ׵طˣҲǷбŵһôǿߣԸԼɾһȻЩȷʵ˵ؿɱʱȻΪһ֮Щù֮£ʵĺ
ȻˣҲǲҪЩˣ
ֻʱ򣬲ð½˳׵ز壬ѾǹȥˣȻǰΪŷƵԵʣŻ𽥵سΪ½֮ס
ʵܶ嶼治ϣڷƵǿƣǲ˵ȴˣػһļ룬壬˵ǰ½ˣǷ磬ܹ֮Ҳûж١
Ըμ˵ģ˵Ϊǳûͳΰ½ģ뿪ػһ壬˵䡣Ҳһƣǲ˵
һĻǰĲǿ߽ﰵˬǷԣؿɺ˰ɣ׵ûˣ֮䣬ҲǳһӴ֮İλ˭ܹҡ
£ʥѧ㳡Ǽžǰзǿߣʱ֮Ҳǲ˵ˣϾǲ뿪ػһıӡ
Ϊ뿪ػһıӣûκλᡣ


2935 ½֮
ĳ֣Ҳûϵ֣壬ʱӦǳƺΪػһ壬˳سΪ˵Ȩߣһ㣬ŷƵǿƣ˭Ҳ޷ԡ
ңڴ󲿷ֵԣҲûзԵνػһıӣǸ˶Ͼںܶ˶ԣʵȻҲǿͳˣ
һ֮ҲǺֱӵؾĻˣһεˣػһ嵱֮سɾ˰½֮ס
γ֮󣬷ҲһĿǰٰ½ǲʲô۶ˣһЩǱڵĲ壬ҲӦİ취
½ȶǲܹκ⣬һҪ
·ҲǾˣð½е֮ϵǿ߶ټһȻǶȫļӣûͣκ˶ǲܹԲ
ػһػػһѾں壬ôһΣȻе
ػһ嵱Уǿ߲һٸȻֵ֮ǿԼĪٸңϾʮ壬ÿһȻǻһǵǿߡ
·ƱǰⲿֵںԽһȫ
Ψܹ֤ǲٳ⣬ڽ⣬ǵȵǰȺǰ֮£ٽ顣
Ƶʱ䲻࣬ķӡ֧Ű֮꣬ڣû뵽취ԸĻôʱħͻٶȴӽ֮гʱͿ̿ˡ
ҶڷƶԣڻһǾڵĵطһͷħı
ɵСӣһͷħǿ̹֮ˣŪĻԼҲ޷Ҫǣ֪ǿߣһǱħ˶֣ôͷħͻǻָ۷ʱڵʵ
ԶԣһͷħǴʱڽħǵӡѹƣ۷״̬˵ĵ߰˰ˣȻˣħҲԶԸ
Ȼ۷ʱڵħ̹ûа취˵ˡ
ڵĵط֮ɼӳֵķӡȻǿάǧ꣬һͷħ棬˭Ҳǲ֪Ƿܹŵǧ֮һǱȽİ֮ڣҪĻҲһв
˵Ļ֮󣬷ҲһĿǰûѹˣȻʱʥѧ֮ڣȴǶȻرΪϢ
ƲɵȻ̧ͷΪ죬ĸ֪֮£ϢֱСλзХƣǵϢȴǰδеİƺڽͻơ
ĪͻƵ
·ҲһϲСλǷХƣ˵ʶǲҲǳΪǿߣҲϵУȼȱǿߵʱ˵ͻƣǶػһԣǸܲϢ
ǿ߲һ˵ػһ˭ϣͻƵ𾳣ɭͲӰ֮⣬ˣϾ⣬ҪǣǵѪԴԷƣ
֪Ҫ̹ǵȾ磬ֻǿߣϣȻȴ֮⣬ݹ磬ǿҲǵ龳Ǽˡ
𾳡Ǹ磬ǶĻԵ
ƻҡҡͷҲԳһЦڵԼԳ񽫾ԣȻ񽫾ľҲǷǳңԶ
Ȼǽ𾳣ֻн֮󣬲ܹף絽ŶĲ࣬սһ£Ȼھһһ¡
˵ʵڵսȷǿź˲磬ǶھԣԶԶû̡
־磬ΪҪսĶ٣Ѿ޹ҪˣҪǾֻܹ͸˾磬ܹǸѸٵԼĵµľ硣
ҲΪԭͨͺͣ꣬𾳵ѾޱȵˣڷͻѪһ̣Ǿǵȴ
ɱӶһԾɾ񽫾
ݵԼǶھǿ߿Ȳϣ뵽Ҳҡҡͷ˵ͻƣӦûж⣬ȻȴͣԣҪǰ磡
±ǽˣǰȥһ硣


2936 ֮
£ҲǺֱӵؾ뿪˰½ǰ硣
ȻϣʱȷǺ⣬ǿ˵Ȱ½Ҫ⣬Ͼ½ŷǿѹţʱȴûС
ͷʶ磬ȻŽ֮ңͷ֮еǿߣϤ䣬ϢѾǴ磬±˵ˣͷҲŻҷ
һЩУһƬңҲҡͷ̾ϢĿǰƺǻʸ˫ֻʣٵĴΪ
¸ǽظȣϾʸ˫ѾǷȡ
ʱ֮ڣȴǳ˶龰Իʸ˫Ϊ׵һɼҪγˣһɻʸγɵķϵΪȴľͷôŰ½ƽƽ
ʸף̫ˣΨγˣаնԸһУѵߵͶǲô
ʱʸ˫һŭԵĻʸףò˵֮УҲһǿߣȻһǿ棬Ȼֻ֧ʸ׵˻١
Ҳ߰ʸ˫Ϊѵľ档
˵ˣȴ꣬γˣҲΪͷʲôʱֵ½ˡʸͬҲǺǿӲ˿ǲð벽
ˣʸףΪҲ֪ʲôΪ֮ڵĳϴ䣬û˿εôҪʱȣͼִȨ㣬붼룡ʸ˫ÿһ仰ǼΪؼһ˻ʸ׵ͷ
ûʸ׵ȷ㣬ʣಿǿߵ֧֣ǲܵͬǰװ׹ȳȥ
ʸ˫ݵѪˡ
ʸҲһ֮⣬Ȼǲֱӵسϣص˭֪ͷһȣûţҪ͸ˣ⿴ȥ˭棿
֮ǰ˵ĻҲô
ʸ˫Цνļ޷κвڳ˶֪ŷڣ߶ͬľֻǻʸײԸ϶ѡ
ߣһ¡ʸ׾ٴ治ҲǲҷЩһתҪͶ壬ȻȥɣȣҪ㣡
Ҫȿɲ˵㣡
ʸ˫΢˫Żʸ׵ʦ֮ǰһƬ࣬ȴû뵽Ȼ˲档
棿
ʸҲǿЦݺݵصŻʸ˫Ȼ˵Ҳ棬Ǳǲ棬Σ
ȵĴ󲿷ֳϣ֧ҵģкεͣ
ʸײƽֱŻʸ˫ЦŵɣѲȵˣԺȲҪģ
һĻԣҪ߻ʸ˫һĻʸ׾ܹʥӵݣؽȵߣһʣϣҲǲκε
һ˽ȴǲߵͣǲ˽֮ҵĻʵʦǰϹ۲ǻΪʥӣ
ʸ˫û£ʵǳϣ֮ڣ֧˲٣Ҳ࣬һСֶǲμӹ֮ҵǿߣȵĲǼԣǵеˡ
ֻ·ҪôߣҪô
ʸҲ߳ŭҲǷų˿ԡ
еѡĻΣ
Ȼʱһȴͬ紵ڳĲǿߣһǿϣȻرǽٶ£õûʸɫ䣡
Ȼʸ˫ʱȴϲ⣬Ȼ֪˭ˣȻĻȻҲܹǰ
ƣΪҲ֪㣬ݵװŪ
ʸҲǷӦŭȵ̧ͷȻƵӰظڰ֮У
ɨӶվڻʸһǿߣʮһֵˣҪȣе˰ɡ
ͨǰ˵ĻҲҪǶ˵ʲôˡƵصȻ˼ҰиˣȻǲֱӵزȵ飬ͬȨָ˭̳ȵĵͳһûɣ
ƣȣΪʲôطָֻŵʸ񣡡
ʸױŭѣҲ̫ˣֱǲǸ


2937 ƾһ˫ȭͷ
ƾʲô
·ҲЦ̤ǰһƾһ˫ȭͷ
ǿƣ
ƱֳʮֵǿƣɨӶһȺˣȱΪ˽֮ңŹȥãһһΪһ˽ȴд£Եȱô
ֱģЩҲǳĬ
ػһ峤λǰ֮ǰûпҶҲִܹ£˵Ǳλǰ־ǻʲô˵
ԵûϾػһ壬Ϊػһϵ£Ҳûκɷ
ڣ㻹ʲôҪ˵ô
ŻʸףԼɱ˸ڵƺǱҪʸ׸ǷĻںóһЩǿӲֶΡ
ص䣬ƷǳԴʱĻʸףûĻôĿǰȶľƣպһЩ󻼡
ʸ˵ԸΪ°ΪԼǰڱ׻ԸȻǼǺģȻһҲǳûҡ
ͨԼֶ͵ǿʸ׵ķӦˣʸѰ·Ļô⡣
ʸɫ࣬ԼΪȵʥӣʱǱ˺ǳˣԼŮˣ»ҪԼȣûзƳֵĻʸ˫ģȻҲģ
ƫƫΪƵĳ֣õһжǻɢ
֪ƵĻͻƵ𾳣Ͼ֮緢ʲôֻ֪ºҲǶԴʱгĬ»ʸҲеŭ⵽һ㣡
һˣƾʲôվԼͷָĵġ
ˣҲֲָֻţ
ʸ׶ȻŭһϵİƶʱͬһͷͻŷƣܱߵһЩǿߣҲ¶ȻɫԷƳ֣
ǴɰҪ֪ƲǸĬĬ֮ķƣĿػһ壡
ҪҶô
ʸ̬·ҲһĨŹֵЦݣŻʸ׵ˣ°ܽٸһλᣬҲǶûκв
ȳӣȴõûʸױﶥŭһε޷ѹֵرһսһֱǻʸײۣȻƵȴ˵ǰἰһ㣬˰Σ
ҲǷϣģҪľʸ׵ŭ𣬴ӶԼԹ֣ѵʸ׻ʵοһͨһε֮ڵһЩѡ
ڵһ죬ǾʵʵشţŪʲôǲ׵طŹ
֣Ҫɱ㣡
»ʸҲͬһͷͻһر߶Ȼƶһ޴âЯ޿ƥеƣŷƳ˹ȥ
һĻЦˣç
ƣɱվʦĵӡ
Ȼʱʸ˫ȴȻ֪Ϊãܹ˳ؽӹȣǲô˵Ҫյ֮ͬϣ޷ؿŻʸ
ԣҲǵ˵ͷȻǲɱ˻ʸףΪģΪͨĵӣһҲǲ֣ǲŲԸһѵϾֻҪǱסˡ
İɣзִ硣
·Ҳ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʸǰ޴âͬһһ㣬Ϊ׺ݣȻȴ΢΢̧ӣһĨЦɫ
ԼûͻƵ𾳣ҪԸʸףҲ֮£οǵ
âҲûйʲôǻԼƣһɸΪ嫵ƣȻ֮ڱ
ŷڵƱ˲֮ȱǰ׵ذ
ҫ𽥵쳹𽥵ʧҫ۵Ĺâʧ֮¶ȴǻʸһž㵵ӡǿԴ˫һֲɲĿ־壡
ˣʱҲǵһڷƴʱѹǰǸоһ޷ܵͷڳĳǿܹ治ɫ֮⣬˽һؾ㵡

ƾȻˣ
ʲôʱ£
뵽ʱ䣬ǲˣƫƫȴǳɾƺǸ޷ܹƣΪŷƵƲϵǼλɫҲࡣ


2938 
»ʸױңû뵽ƾȻ𾳣
޷һ磡ͣ۷Ƕ꣬ȴδܹѰҵͻƵ·ȴǱһؽ磬ڵ䣬һ𣬾۷ս֣
㡭㡭
ʸף˵ζ֪ˣΪԼһʱĲ֮󣬲˵ʤƣҲǿŷƽɫ
ǰһĻǳ׵ضϵ˼
𾳵ķƣ˵ƽɫˣֻҪԸ⣬ԼǷƵһ֮䣡
ǲǺܾȡ
΢΢Цûǽ𾳣ȻΪƾػһ峤ݣͿͨͺλǰͷиô
̫ˣûоԵΪһǽô
ҡҡͷ¶һɫǴľĻʸףյΪȻɱ㣬Ҳ֣ͨǰĵӷϣҲɱ㡣
ʸŭԿԾѹķƣҲ޼ƿʩ±ŭб¾ɱң
ҡҡͷҲɨӶǰֻ֧ʸ׵һǿߣҲɱˣΪպȵİһΪԵʾ
֮󣬶Ȼ͵ذ˻ʸ׵ĵ֮΢΢طʸױǴһĺ
飡
ʸ״ʱ͵صڵϣϵشţͬһͷɥ֮ȮΪǱɴ˫渡һĨֵԼڵΪڸղһ˲䣬ǱƵˣ
ﱻϣڵֱӵؾɢӽԺʸףһˣ
Ӹ߸ϵʥӣһӾǵ̳γһûаΪķˣܹܣ
㲻ɱҡҾҲŹģ
ˣʸҲҧгݵԹ޶ŷƣǵɫͬĺˡ
ҡҡͷԼʱ򣬻ͼǷȣûɱ㣬ΪʦӣԼ̫ҪҪˣҪ˭ҲȲ㣡
һ£ȵǿ߶ǳ׵ذǰ˵һ仰п˲мһˣŷƵ֮ȻҲǲٶ԰䣡
պ˭Υȣӣ
ɨӶȵˣҲǺ׵ͨԼǿֶΣ˶һ
ȫž˶ǲҶ˵䣬Ǽ𾳵ǿߣҲһۣٶ˵ʲôȻҲͬΪ𾳣Ȼͨʱܹ֪ȻͬΪ磬ǶǷƵĶ֡
˻ʸͷȣҲ޴ҪǷɷǡ
Щǳ׵ذʸ˫ǰһȻ֮λòȤǷҪˣΪȵʥŮҲǲԸ⿴ʱǱ߽⡣
ûзƣȾͻٱѣҪͨǰ֪ˣǶ̵һ£ҲǲĿɡ
ǿɻûʸ˫֮λã
ҲǺɨӶȫ˶ǵͷǹصûа飡
ǿ֮龰ȻҲǲǿƵֶѹЩˣңò
֮ң绹а½ǳ׵ʧȥƽͷҲǾʱ򲻹ΪΪ磬Ҫľͬﶷ
˶û֮Ҳǲɵһ࣬ƽЩڽĳϣǾôʱΪԵô
һ仰ǿԸǼ𾳵ǿģΪ˳׵Щ˰ҲӲʩ
Ҳȣǵ档ƻص˵ĳֻΪЭ⣬ûʸ˫ƹܣ֮ǻѡ̳ȵĵͳʱҲ赣Ȼ˵
ҵҪܼ򵥣Ҳ֪ڳܶˣﲻҪ˵ǣ֮ڣǲ˭ʵţֻҪİ˼Ƕô
ɨӶЩˣ޴һˣǿͨǰϣƾŴʱȣβκսԼǿвּܵĻˣﶷǿԸˡ
֮ڣҪЭԽȻǲӲˡ


2939 ̤¥֮
һΣʱסȵľƣܹûʸ˫˳ؼ̳ȵĵͳҲǲľ棬Ȼȶ˵ˣҲټΪ
ڽǰȵ鷳֮ҲŻʸ˫𣬱ϾԶԣǾȥ⡣
壬ϣֻܹʼ̳ĵͳʵڲУֻʵĴҲǿԵģھ͵ǿ֮ڣǷ˷
ϾǴľͷּʱ䷢֮ʣҿ϶еģֻͿֻʵǷǵõ㹻֧֣֮岿ǿߵ֧֣ôֻҪ˳ؽĵͳˡ
µĳ򣬷ȴǷһĻֵգڳ֮гŴ󲿷ֶˣǽʱգĵȴδһ
һĻƲɵüͷﰵվҲֱ仯ֻԼڲ֪ģ
վڽֵϣƵĳ֣û̫˵ע⣬Ȼȴǹ۲õܵĳֵǿߣƺһɷ֮⣬۷ԭķǸ롣
壬Ƿʲô飿
΢΢س˼Ƭ̣ˣ棬һ̤¥ӦǿԵõԼҪ֪Ϣ·ҲǰԼ֪ķ̤¥ǰ
Ȼ̤¥ȴǳһƬžûķϢһ̤¥ҲŵģŽգҿȥΪǱͬǾһսûǰɨ
ﻹһĨϣ岻£Ȼƺ¿õ̤¥ģ֪岻ǳ£һǴ£ȻĻ̤¥ǳ
Ȼƺ̤¥ûκˣԼҲûа취֪Ƿʲô飬Ҫ̤ǰҪǽ̤¥濴һ£һʲô龰
̤¥һƣƵŽ⿪Ƶİ취ܹ˳ؽ̤¥档
ȻʱһϵͻȻ÷΢΢ͣס˽Ų
ˣ̤¥ڿǸŹأٿ㣬⸽ˣɾͲ˷Źġ
תǿһصߣȻŵĲǹȣһ⼣߰ߵĺ
λ˼ң˻Ϊ˵
ƵҲ˫ֺʮʵȻʱʶҲǲˣһЩǿߣȴǿʼעߣƺԼҲȻ
ǰ죬Ǹովһսյ壬Ҳǽư
߻ҡҡͷ̤¥ǿߣӵӣֻһС֣ǻǿ壬Ȼǳ׵طסɽš
Ǿͷɵĵɲ⣬䣬Ҳ˵ǰɣԣҲ͵һķչƺǳԼϡ
ѵ壬Ǿһƽ٣ȻڲǾԲܻǳɱ֮£ϾǾͷȨƴ˵ز
ʲôܹ˵Ǳ
ˣ㻹̫˰ǽƣһͷûϻҲϻˡҡҡͷɨһܵܣǳʮǿע㣬ֻҪ㿿̤¥벽ͻǳ֡
Ϊɽѷֻ̤¥ܹͬ塣
°͵Ϸ֪ǺˣģӦòǶˣʶһΪ֮ɡ
˵֮ҲתҪߣȻʱȴƬ̣ǷӦ粽׷ߣʵǰմ֮
ɽҰͷѣҳݡ
ȻȴûͣĽŲֱӵǰ棬ƽ׷ţȻȴԵΪ죬ƿؼӿٶȣҪ׷ߣǹǣٶμӿ죬֮ľ붼һģһ
׷ϣ
·Ҳ˹߲һˣ
Ȼ֮Ĳ׷֮£ֱӵص˳ǽ֪أҲǽüͷͷǺηʥ
˵ˣʦһϹһΪǲˡ
Ȼ˳֮⣬ǸҲͣɵתشŷƣܹ׷ԼĲˣǲ򵥣ȻһƺѰҳˣԼǸҲûа취
ǰˣֻ֪ǰմѡҲ˫ֱȭ


2940 Ϲ˫
ôһɽҰͷأҲǲɵǾúЦһ۷Ƶ߰ɣȻ֪ĸϼһĵӣ飬ɲԲֵ˵ġ
лǰֻ֮ǱȻҪȥġҲһᶨصΪУҲǲܹ˿Ĵ⣬ֻʵ˶ǱΧ֮ڣ֪ˡ
ⷬǲТͽǺƣֻǶûпưߵ̾һΪ֮ңĴ󲿷ǿ߶ˣȻһЩں쳾֮ϼһǷ׷׵˳ҪһƷ塣
Ҫ֪Щϼһɶ𾳵ļһǷǰȻǲֵһᣬԹ˲ϾĻȥԸǣ
˵Ҳ˹²Ϊڲìܣⲿв
ΪһȻȻԹٵǿߣĵ̣ЩȻûавǿ䣬õʧ࣬Ѿͬһͷûϻˡ
ʱ򣬹ԹЩǿߣɾǿԷ׷׳ˣȻȴƫƫһҡҡ׹ԣһв
ѹֻʵֱӵطɽţõһֵǿ߳壬ǿɾǻٵҲǲΪ
ˣƾ˵޷ģ֪ػһǾǨƵ˰½һͷԹ˲Ͼ˵ʱأһεΣա
ҲҡҡͷԱǰԼ֪һжǸ˷ơ
лǰֻ֮оʶУȻҪЪȫҲǹȻǲ֪Ǻˣƺ׶֮
СƢͦԿڵģϷֽϹ˫պԵɡ
ҲǹһЦĳؿһ۷Ƶǿˣ¾ǡȻʱ򣬷Ϲ˫֣жȻһ㶣ͻȻ뵽һˣ᲻Ǹǰйϵ
Ϲǰ֪Ϲ޼ɣʶ
תߣ·Ҳæѿڶ
ȻϹ޼ĸֳ֣Ҳֱӵͣٶ˲תһֵŷƵô֪ǸТͽ֣ܵ
Ϲ˫ش𣬷ƱЦˣҲ˫ֺʮƣ֪޼˼ǰҡ
ƣ
Ϲ˫ٶ¶˾㵵ɫû뵽ǰˣȻǷƣ
ԭǷƣǲТͽܣǸҲֹһ˵ˣռһ棬Ȼ鴫
ȻʱϹ˫Ҳ¶ЦԴϴϹ޼֮󣬱˷Уǿڿ˵ҪԽƣΪʦҲǸеΪ档
һ׷֮£֪Ƶ顣
ǰˣ֪Ϲ޼ںδҲǿͿصǰϹ˫ǽ𣬱½˹ϵĽǿߣ
ˣТҾһ
ʱϹ˫ҲǷ˷۵Ҳ֪ȥӦò²⣬ʱ档
ôܵȥˣҲһ⣬Ϲ޼ʲôʱֻˣϴǰֻ棬Լûде֪Ϣ
⼸£ǰʱ䣬֮ұһ͵͵˳ֶͨΣֵĵطҲŹڿӦǸǸֻһ𡣡
Ϲ˫ҲһŭصТͽܣҲʡġ
΢΢һЦǰ赣ˣ޼ֻһĻҲǲʲôΣա
֪ȻҲеתʵҲûа취嵱УȻˡϹ˫̾˿Ľƣû˿İ취
а취Ҫǰףһ֮
ƴʱȴЦŵȻֻҪҶ˽̤¥УǾǿԽˡ
˵õɣţǿɲһˣһЩϲģа취̤¥Ҳ̫ðˡϹ˫ҲҡҡͷǵϹ޼ɿǶԼ˵úܣӵΪȴܹ𾳵ʵ
Ӧһ𣬵ǷƲУӦһǹģοһˣҲǰ׷ѹ
𾳵ǿߡ


2941 
𡭡
΢΢سһ֮Ҳ̧ͷϹ˫λĻôȻŰա
÷˵Ϲ˫ҲΪ죬ʱ΢΢ؿһҶ࣬ʼضŷƣӿƿʼǾ÷ƣʶѶѡ
Ȼ֪ǰ֮ǷƣҲû̫Դ֮ɫΪǵϹ޼˵񲻹ҲѣȻսվ
ʱŷŵɫϹ˫ʼضǰ֮ˣܿ죬ɫڷϴݶϢȴͬ嫵ǿһ㣬˲²ⲻ͸
ȻȴƵǳ͸ΨһһͣǾǷƵľ磬һ
㡭ͻƵ𣿡
Ϲ˫Ϊ㵵صҲǸо˼飬չ̫ãʱ£֪飬֪ǰ½֮½޷ǧŲĹɡ
ȴǴɣ
ûһʱˣ𡣡ҲЦЦȭ֪ǰǷϴӦһ֮
Ϲ˫֮ǾܾΪƵʵ𣬵Ǹı䣬𾳵ǿžԵİա
Ϲ˫΢΢ر˫˼һ֮Ҳ̹ȻЦȻҶ֣ȻҲŲСİա
Ϲ˫˵ЦЦ֪Ϲ˫վǴӦҪ
ǰһ£̤¥ɫ̤࣬¥ϣӸղŵжϳ̤¥һעţвǿߡ
˵ʵһǲ֪λʮλ֪ġϹ˫ҲҡҡͷҲǲãȴǷֱ̤¥ʱı仯ҲûԳ֡
ôһӴȻ䳾У֮ʣȴγһǿһ󣬿϶˲ݰɣҲע⵽⡣
֪統Уȷкܶһǿ쳾Уе⳾ķеڳҵ׷ɱȵȣ׷ѡں쳾
ԣӦǲ׵һԸ壬ΪǺƾǸ˵ҲǺѶҡĸǡڱ߻ʲô
ûҶƺһֻĻڱݣϧû鵽˭Ϲ˫Ҳҡҡͷ̾Ҫ֪Щغ쳾ϼһǲ£Ҳһ˿Ķģܹ߹ų֣ⱾҪһ
˳Ĭô˵ڴ֮ǰǵһǱֻǿ߻û˿İ취䣬ЩҲǳûҪ׵ظ塣
ӦңȲûȻĻңɾͳŲĵ
Ļĺ־˭ҲֻѰҵֻʣѯһ֪ˡҲ˼һҪ£ǽ̤¥Ӷǵ塣
ڳ棬ǿڶ࣬ƣҪ͵͵ǱȥԲ󡣡
Ϲ˫ʱҲǵΪ𾳵ǿߣҪڶԷƤ֮£͵͵ؽӽ̤¥Ȼǲ֮£̤¥ҹǿ߰й۲š
Ǿ͹߽ȥ΢΢һЦ֮Ҳ𽥵ظһĨɫ˭·ôͻˡ
÷㻰Ϲ˫һ£ҲǹһЦСӣţϷϲ
֮ⷬ£Ϲ˫ζȻҲǱͦһ˫ǰǵ˫ۣҲǱâеĺϵš
ǰǽˣ޵ӦǺȻӦñҸЩ¼ȻǱⲻˣǻǹսһ
ƿϹ˫еĺȻǺ޹âȴûоãľһõĺһ彣
˵û˽ΪȻ
Ϲ˫һЦеĳǧδˡΪһТ֮ͽϷҲٶˡ
סЦ⣬Ϲ޼ҲǵģһԵؾܳԻҪֵܹѹأ¿ɺãˣãҲˡ
ȻҪԸ壬ôȻҲǲӲܣڹ˽Ҫ֣ǳزϲЩˣԽ֮ҵʱЩ˲ûվº˷ˣʵǿɶ


2942 ɱȥ
£˱һ֮󣬱ֱӵ۷أһûڸ٣ҲûпѹϢֱӵس̤¥ǰ
Ȼ˵ĳ֣³еǿߣͶߣ𣬴ʱҲǶ
վס˭
Ȼڴʱһɫ۵ӰվɨӶϹ˫ɫ𽥵رأ˻֣ܱǳʮǿߣһһǴ۾
㻹ûʸǶԻ°ɡ
Цһѣӡ
ץסǣһǸйϵ֮ˣ̿ʱջ񣡡
ɫ۵ǿҲǲȻŭȻǱǰôһȥҪײĵͷһδɵСӸˣԿɱӿ֡
ȻˣҲݹ顣
΢΢һЦϹ˫ǰЩСϺף㶯ˡ
Ϲ˫Цŵ˵ͷҲҪƣкεȵܹͨԼǸТͽܶҪԽˣǴ˰½䣬ɾ𾳣
һȺһϣƵҲΪˣȻȴ̤һɨӶ˫ֻؽһӡȵ٣
֮ʣ͵ؽ̤棬һӴΪģѸٵɢ֮϶ͬ֩һѺۣȻѺ֮һɫâ˲س
ЩɫâҲͬĻ棬ɢһӣγһ޴󷨣
Щǿߣʱѳ󷨵УµĻ浱УЩɫâ۶ɵ棬һմȾȥ޷ȻЩǿߴʱȴǾŲѡ
ûа취嵽˷ƵǰȻؾʮǿߣǰǿˣϵľɫâܿǸܵв
˵ˣǻͣɻ
ƵҲǻ˻ۣǲ࿴ЩһۣǶЩ˸ܵҲֱ̤¥ȥ
ȻڴʱϢȻشӿնͬɫâҹĻӰ˷ƵǰǿߵϢ粻ѣȻǷߡ
Ϲ˫һۣҲͣλǿߣϹ˫еˣˡ
ǿ֮ˣ
ȻλǿߣһҲǵصΪƣŷƵ·Կףǲ
вȴЦҡͷһΪ˭ͷһλλ𣬵Ƕָʹ֮˸еȤˡ
˵ɣ˭ָʹΧģ˵ǲ
ͬĿǣƵطϹ˫ȴԱȵСһ仰ǰϷҲȥ˰
ƹһЦǰ黳˵ϼһ
Ϲ˫ҲǷ˷ۣҲɨӶһ͹ɡ
ǿŭЦû뵽ȻĻ˵ĵ죬Ҳ͵ػŭҵֻжˣ
£ǿ߱͵ֹǵΪоϹ˫Ĳ֮λһסϹ˫ȻһλֱӵسֶԸơ
ȳݣҲǺԶԣϹ˫ȻǱȷƸԶԸٶȰѷƸˣȻͷֶԸϹ˫
濴Ϸ֡
Ϲ˫ҲصһĻȻҲڷƵԤϵУԷȻԷΪͻƿڣȻֻҪһôʣһȻҲǲҪ
ƺû뵽Ʋͨˣ߻仰ԣҲһһ㡣
λ֣ԣӦǿԸƺܴԵķƣػһ峤ǵһ˰½ɾ͵ͬʱҲǼ̳֮ɵͳˣ׶Ը
СӣҪ־͹㵹ùˣѿ֮վҪ۵ģ
һλҲǺΪˬˣѾ뵽Ҫκúĥһƣǿԡ
΢΢һЦֱ̤ӵؾǶǲ飬ҪĻֻҪʱ⣬һĻǻҪɵһ
ʱ112ⷽ棬λδܹսʤλȻҲ޷÷Ʋɵ


2943 һս
λ𣬷ҲûеģϾܹΪǿߣɶܹһĳǿߡ
ҶʱԵǿߣһˮ֮ռķһ֮ռǿߡ
ӱ϶ԣǺǿƵҲûֱӵӲӲΪ֮ĵһսԣҪʶһ£֮Ĳ࣬ôγɵġ
һˮ֮ռ壬ÿһİһ㣬ǳؼ̣ҷ
̬ǳغǲ֪Ӳһֱһ̬µȷǵֵˣҰһ־˵ĵ£˲ֶƵ塣
ȻƬ֮Щһ˲ڻΪҺ̬ҪһˮĻֱӵסƣ
һǿߣǲϵطӿɫâӡظı䣬Ǽ֮󣬷ƶȻظоı仯ҲֱӵؾͻһӲʯ飬Ƶض
ƾһ£嶸ȻػӰ˲ʧԭأЩ۶ɵҺ˲ؾ˸գǵͻȻӿֵʯ飬ȻҲûаá
˲Ϣ󣬷ƵӰ˲Զɫȴ࣬ȻλǺǿ˵ķƺǿศɣӶǴﵽһӿµ
еСˡ
ҲҡҡͷȻһ̣λҲǶȻʧԭأϵЦʱʧˣһֱ̣ӵؾǱһ۶ɵУ
飡
Ƶ嶸ȻػޣλҲǷӦ˹ȻͬҲǿռ䷨
ʹõһַȻǿռ䷨򣬵ûԤϵԼͻȻϮȴǱԷֱӵؿƣÿռ䷨ֱӵؽλơ
һִԼʹõĿռ䷨ƺڷǰͬСӵİϷûаá
һۣȻҲǾ÷ƺһȻʱƵӰûڵس֣ĥȥˣ
ǰʹÿռ䷨ⲻǰŪô
ƵЦǵĶߣɫ䣬Ȼһ̣ݲǷӦȴһµ˲סǵ壬Ǹһе
ܵһУͬþֹһ㣬ûκεķ
Ǽʶһ£ʲôĿռ䷨򣡡
£ŷƵһЦŵǷƵ˲سˮ֮ǰжȻڶһƬɫ棬ǼͶȥ
꣡
λӦҲΪˣȻûа취ܹӦĶȴԼʶڵ˲γһܣԼ棡
ƺǵ͹˷ƵֶΣֱӵرǣɫâͬһ㣬Щ֮ʣȴǷ͵ֱӵڵ˱ܣ
һĻλ͵ؽһףȫ޷ܣԼ۶ıܣȻǰ˵زһ
ƣ
ȵͬһʱ䣬ֱӵеľɫâЯǴ֮Ļݺݵλ֮ϡ
䣡
һ죬ʱ֮£λǶȻͬһ㣬ݺݵ˦˳ȥ˵֮ϣȻڵ֮ʣһƬȷȻط˱仯ͬһģ˲ǽס
һλֶΣסɵͬ飡
Թ˲ϾˣˣҲЦ˫͵غʮȵ
˲֮£Ѿƽŵص˲رɫó˫͵صɴ¶һֲ˼ɫʱǰЩɫâѾǽ嵱С
Щ˰ȻڷƵĿԴ֮£ֱӵزըһķӦ
λɫ죬ֻоԼڵѪ÷ڲѣһΪȵϢϵԼľĴرڣͬǽƻһ㣡
Ϣĳ֣ڵ׵ʧȥ˿ƣһӵıشҲһѪɫһĲ԰ףȻʧȥ˼ս
Ϊھֻںѡ
΢΢һЦһλЦղԼڽλ֮ڣǿֱӵرȷʵԼıصȻأûǱڵİȴ޴ͷš


2944 Ѫ
ȻֻҪƵһͷڵİͻ˲ر˺Ϊؿ͹ۡ
֮Զʱɫ࣬ɵǿŷƺúݵֶΣ
ԭǶֻǿᣬǾǺӣʵˣƼֱƤͻ
һӾҵˣ
ݣ
ҡҡͷɫңĻָʹ˭
һε飬żȻҪ֪߻һµˣ˭ԣЩǿҲ٣ܹӵˣôĬĬ֮
֪Ҳ㣡
λЦҲǲʾֱӵٶ̤ԼĹơ
ղŷܹռƣĲСѣȻĿ⣬ôԼĶ֣
Ȼ뷨棬ʵ飬һһĻƿǲ˿η壡
Ҳ˲ؽϵرӿһʱ֮䣬Ҳûʲôһɱ棬ֻѰҶԷ¶Ӷǽй
һ£λ𣬵Ҳǽ࣬һֱӵԭƺǾػָ״̬Աٴμս֮С
־磬ܷǳصĴˣĻֻҪƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ָܹ״̬һڵϢΪƵİ֣ˣͬԣҲҪһʱһ¡
һǻָƣôȻҲǿٶȵؼս
ʱϹ˫һλλȴ˽ֵ״̬УϹ˫ҲλеΪ޷ǿƵѹţԼֻҪǽǰӶסĻôƾͿ㹻ʱȥԸλ
ҲΪķܲӦλ֣Ȼղ֮£ǿ˷׾ٵռƣҲǲɵҲһ
ԼǸТ֮ͽǳ޲ˣᣬȻȾ˵ս
ڿѡԸңɲһǵ
ʱϹ˫ҲΪɣɵǿڷ̵
۵ߣλΪʹõһ˳ǹɫ鲼ǹ֮ϣõܵϢǱޱȣĹΧ֮ڣͬǽ˻ɽ
Ȼһ󱲶㲻
£ҲǲɵǰǰҲϹ˫ûκΰ취ȻĿǰܹⲻ£ʱĹȥϹ˫ȻܹѹԼ
ϾϹ˫ǽ𣡽˻ߣΪʹõĺȻսʱԽԽ
ԣڷƻϹ˫ԣǳ෴ۿ֮У
ʱǸλҲɫ˸·ƾã䣬غϵĽ֮Ҳ֮սʽƴľ˫ڷá
ҲǾȥҲûκ壬ҪѸٵؽǰսҲɱ⣬𾳵ǿߣɱ
ˣЩ֪һĻ֮˵ķԸȻЩ䣬ȻǸأڱҪʱ򣬻ܹԼɲҪ鷳ǡ
ǳûسһˡ
ɱѳȻҲǲ飬Ҳ͵̤ǰһڵѸٵתһȳֱ֣ӵش߶˿˲ǿ˿
صսһȭʱֱӵزһֿµƣ
λ𣬾ǲԶϹ˫λҲɫ͵ؾ䣬Ťͷһߣ
ʱλѾȫסˣһȭԶԶسϵеĳ̶ȣܶȴ㲻
غһȻظһĨɫâһ֮£ֱӵȭЯһǴֻ֮ҪһȭܹУ治꣬Ҳ
䣡
һ£貵ľɫâ˸߲񷣬Ǿ˵ը
ѤõâҲֱӵؾǰµһ˲֮£ǵǿ߶ǿ˾һĻԭڰգʱȴǱɫâ⣬ͬ磡
⡭̫ˣ
λ¶֮ɫʵûа취̶ֳȵȻһ󱲵б⡭ֱ˲󣬾λҪ¶Ҫ˼


2945 ѻ
·ƵǿƳҲõЩ˳׵ش۽磬ԷƵһȻһλ㲻
Ѥõľɫâֱӵ貵̻ͬһʢǿֱ߱ӵرûѤõ֮Уɫâ֮Ҳǵӿֶһַǳ𺳵þòƽ
ʱϹ˫һλλ𣬴ʱԶԶرܿ˷ƹΧ֮ڣƬ֮֮ڵ𽥵ƽȻѤõľɫâȴǷֻа֮зһ˶԰š
һλػԵڷƵĲԶһĻλҲɫȻؾ䣬Ȼ׾ٵؽһλ
Ϲ˫һĻҲǾе㲻˼飬֪ƺû뵽ƻֵزλ𾳵ǿߣȻܹ׵նɱ
Ҫ֪磬ֻҪ겻ôǲôһ˵Ǵʱŷƶŵλ𣬴ʱѾϢޣȻ˺ֱ֣һ
úݵģ
λҲǺһλ˵ɲһܹ¡
Ϲ˫Ƴһ֮Ҳ΢΢һЦȥԸĻĴ󡣡
ǵģλȥֶԸƣҲһĴȻ´ɣҲû˿Ťת
ȻʱҲ͵̧ͷƳһϢȫλ壬ȻȷЦҵǰ㻹ܣ
£һ貵Ĺâ͵ؾǴǸλ֮ڳԼؿǷֱһӰȻ˵Ȼλꡣ
ղŷƵһʵû֮еǰ£ƾżΪµֱӵشݻٵ˶ԷԷƵΪֱӵĨɱһ㡣
һֱڵȣȶ֮ʣٴγֵĻᣡ
ȻԵƬ֮£ȻǰͲסˣֱӵϣҪԱסԼǶһ㣬óѣ
ѸٵԼ˫֣һۻҵٶȣѸٵؽӡ׽ȵ
̣˲£ԷΪĵķԲʮ˲һг˷Ƶһλ֮꣬Ǳ
ƻ˫˫ֱһŹֵӡһԼƿصһƬ֮ھŲϵ壬ҲǲɵЦѵܣ
ȻǶЩ˶ɱģҲ֪ɱ֮ǰӳһЩмֵϢ磬ǵĻ֮˵˭
壬һҲǿԽпʡ
Сֶ̫ˣ
ȻǵλҲɫΪ͵ؿ粽Ҫơ
һ̣Ϲ˫ȴסһЦصˣɾСЦϹͷûʲôˡ
λɫ׵رѿһӿɺˣϹ˫ǲȥĻᣬȻֻؿŷƶԼͬ飬ʹһЩֶ׷һЩ顣
˵ɣ˭Ļ֮ˣ˵㻹һ˿Ļᣡ
ضֻλɫЩˣǲġ
˵ҲǸûʲô³ҪҵĿеõʲôϢΰɣ
λҲǿЦƺ֪Լûʲô³ˣҲһԹŷƣ˭㶼ǱϣϢ޷ѣ
ԣƲɵüͷǰ壬ҲƺԼҪõһЩ鱨ǵʲˣֻʹһЩǿԵֶˣѻ꣡
÷Ƹоǣ׼Ƕѻ֮ʣһλȴǶȻط˾ҵķӦͬһ㣬üΪزȶ
һĻҲµǵһ°в

Ƭ֮λҲǶȻطһĲҽУֱӵ߽ˣ
ͬܵƬ֮ĳͷһ㣬λ壬ʱȴͬĳֻһ㣬¶Ƭ̣꣬ǳ׵ػɢһƬ֮䣡
һĻȻѣ⡭ԱԶȼգԸҲԼѻꡣ
ԣղе㲻Ծ¶һ־֣вᣬġ
Ȼʱȷǻλ귢仯֮ɫ仯üͷɵǽ


2946 ˭
λԱ֮ʣȻǿ귢ԱԸģȻһõǿߣȻλ𣬵ҲǲСӵġ
䣬˭ܹһλ̤ؽԼ꣬ѱģеѰζˡ
ղһĻӦĳһĵһԼ˺ʵղλҲ˶ҡ֮⣬Ͼ˭ҲȾ磬ˣǿɾʲôûˡ
ǣжҡһ˲䣬Ƿƶ֣λֱӵر߽ˣͬѰϷԵĶ췢ģһôôô֮ġ
ȻȥȴеµӣǷȴǸо⣬һЩϵĹȥԣرط⡣
ͺģԼģ֮ģЩһΥˣǻһЩ֮˵
ʱǰλ꣬Ҳǳ׵߽ʧӴʱ֮󣬱ǳ׵ûˣһĻȻĻĺԵøӵ롣
Ҫ֪λĸ֪Ļ֣һΪ˲õļһˡ
£һλˣһλ𣬽ŷҪѰҵһλҲǸղ˵λϣͼĿеóһЩϢ
ȻǣԷȻȵˣһϹ˫Ըλ
λˣҲûκΰ취ҲֻתעϹ˫ŵһλϡ
ʱһĻϹ˫Ҳ΢΢һЦ²ôУһһܣɾֻһ¼ҹ˰
λɫҲϾ࣬ûмϹ˫֣෴ǲϵ˺ƺ֮䱣һְȫľ롣
ԼϾôԼҲλϹ˫ҲҪɱλ𣬿ѶȿɲһĴ󣬳񽫾ǿܹͣһ֮⣬˶ǲԡ
Ǳͼʹʲô֮ЩûõģѪģǲκεˣһΥ꣬ǳ׵߽֮䣡
λҲǺҲԼе㷢飬һһҲһֺ⣬һһ׵ذλܻɱļһɲǺȵ
ѹ֡
ƴʱҲ˫ֱ磬һЦ֮ؿλ˹Щ˽ѻ֮ԼҲǵõκζЩ˵ԺͬѪĵԺ֪֮һжǲᱻ˷֣һǿеҪ֪ͻǿʼ߽⡣
ĺôǲõܿԻй¶ȥΪ궼ˣôҪ֪ܣûκΰ취ġ
ǰλ˵ʵҲûаܹԸϾ𾳣ǽһ磬ҲһǳԿԽľ룬ԵҲûκͷ
߰ɡ
ʱϹ˫ȴҡҡͷȻǰûа취ܹǵĿ֪һЩϢôҲûбҪ˷ʱ䣬Ƕԣؽ¡
Ƶ˵ͷҲǶλ߰ɡ
ȻвʣҲûа취ûǵĿе֪Ļ־˭Ҳȷһźֻܹǽ壬ѯһֻʣܹܲǵ֪һЩ𰸡
統УƺһȻس֣ͷʵǿ̣Ƕǲ˿춯Ȼͷǿ߽䣬ôȻҲǿԹسˣҲò˵ǵĳ֣ȷǸ˺ܴΣ
λԣǲɵ΢΢¶һĨЦ⣬ֱӵתȥ΢΢ͣһ£ȻˣôҲǻرһ°ɡ
£Ⱳ£û֮һ
˵֮λֱӵȥϹ˫ıӰҲǲɵǷ˷۵һ֪ͷˣ
Ҳʼ򣬲Ҳûа취£ԼϹ˫ûǴӶĿе֪ʲôϢҲûκãֻǵʱѡ
߰ɣȻҾĻֲ򵥣ǿĿǰҲֻǴ֮ˣϣܹ֪ǶǳְɡҲҡҡͷҲǰĪ
ٺ٣ǼһϣҵĺȻܲ˶ԶġȻʱϹ˫ȴ΢΢һЦƶʱһ㶣Ҳ¶˻ĵЦ⡣


2947 
£Ϲ˫ҲԼֶΣλԼӡǣӡǻһֱλȻʱϹ˫ǿƾһ㣬֪һλλȥ
ĻǿԷǳ׵֪һĻ֮ˣ˭
ȱǽ˵
ҲǳµȻȽ壬Ѱҵֻʵٴ¡
£ܵǿǾɢˣϾλ޷ֻƣһλǱɱˣǿߣܹǶԸˣ
һʱ֮䣬Щǿ߶֮󼪣Ҳûм׷ߵ̤¥ǰⲼҳżҲǵ̾һ˷ǣ۾½һͷ˭ֻ뵽һĻ
һǿ߾䣬ЩȥȻ壬ʱһǰδеΣΨǿȥܹĻᣬȥĻ⴫ľͷȻҲ˳׵ʧ
ڷƶԣ廹ȣܻǾԼȥֻŻʸ˫׵˳ӹͷ
ϾǵȻʱͷԪˣȻӵмΪĵ̶ԣֻҪǸʱǣȻܹٶɱһ
ڣʱ䣬ǲܳκ飬𽥵ذϾȶԣڵֻǣ˻ʸףȻǲ
෴ڵ壬Ϊأǲ֪ûУҿǳˣ仹һɼΪһΪµǿߡ
ܹʹ𾳵ǿߣ´˱ΪҲǲȻĻηڣ
һεĻ˭ֻ֪ʵܲǲ²⵽֣ܵĻǾе㼬ˡ
Ҳ⿪̤¥ĽƣӶֱӵؽ̤¥֮⣬ʧһ˲䣬ҲعرյƣΪκһ⡣
ڽ̤¥֮󣬷Ϲ˫ҲֱӵѰҵͨĴ󷨣Ϊ֮ǰ֪һЩҲܹ׵󷨡
ھƬ̵Ĵ֮˵ǰȻתһƵɽ֮У
ܳź嫵̣ͬһ㣬Ψһ߸ߵɽڣɽ֮ϣȴǴཨˣ
Ǿͷȵط˼ɾϹ˫Ҳ޵ǵһ壬ʱҲǾô۽硣
ʵҲǵһ壬ȵȥ˲ٴ΢΢һЦҲ̧ͷĥţܹ壬޿ɷϵǣ嵽ǽơ
ȻǿǷȴܹܵõҲǲϾ壬һǴЩƣĹ˵ˣˣҲʮֵؼ֡
ôҲǴľͷԼĽƣȻǼΪؿ£
ǴʱҲӦע⵽ǵĵ˰ɡϹ˫ԣǴ˴ߵӦǿԵһʱطӦʱܣȴǿһˡ
Ƶ˵ͷ̧ͷԶĺӰҲ΢΢ⲻô
ȻڷƵ֮ʣȻرӰƿնΪ׵ĺȻֻʣˣȻһϹ޼ɣ
Ҿ˵ܹ̤¥֮⣬һ벻ˡ
ֻʿǷƵĳ֣Ҳ̲סˬʵһЦƵĳ֣Ҳǰࡣ
ӣƺҲǺѡЦЦɨһ۶⼸˵ҲǷ糾͵ģȻǾһս֮龰²ɵ²⣬ֵ⣬ԼĻҪࡣ
ţûȷܴ⡣ֻʵ̾һȻʱϹ޼ɿ˷ԱߵϹ˫ɫʱҲһ䣬εͷԣǰغһʦ
źߣ֪ϹͷĴڣϹ˫һϹ޼ߵаӲˣһžֱˣϹͷôԶ㡣
ٺ٣ʦǲ鼱Ϲ޼Ҳǽ͵
ʱֻҲ΢΢زһԭǲ֪ڷԱߵλǺҲǵϹ޼ɵı̬Ҳ˹ǰ۵ߣȻǽ
ǰʱֻҲǲŵϾǰ


2948 
ϼһ㲻ǵ̳СӣТͽܣϹ˫Ҳǵ˵ͷһϹ޼ɣȻǶһ뿪ܲ
ǰ佱޼ǰæҲȷǽ˲鷳顣ֻ΢΢һЦ
壬ȷ˲鷳¡ҲԱô
ֻɫҡҡͷڻȶ̤¥Ҳ˲鷳ɡ
Ϲ˫һۣʵЩ˵ô£ȻһЩصĳϼһһֶԸ壿
ʱ˵Ҳǵ̾һգǻص̤¥֮ȴͻȻܵϮ̫ͻȻʧһֵǿߣϮ̫ǿˣҲǲȱȻ֮£Ǳȹص̤¥ƣӵ̤¥⿪Ʒ֮ˣ˸޷
ͨ󷨷ص֮ʣȴǷ֣ͬڲҲǳ˻ңǷصüʱƽϢһҡ
ҵҲ˸ˣԲѡֻҲǿյص
⻼һôüͷЩе̫ˣ˵ûϵȻǲš
ǵģҰѲɻҵǿ̿ʣ֪һԭڱָʹһԼڲ֮ˡ
ԣϹ˫ǲɵΪ㵣е˵ȥˣЩˣɶڳ֮𣬶ٶйԹģָʹǵ壬е˵ȥ
ǰǳֹһǿߣ׿Խ⣬ǻΪһ̳ˣȴǽƫ棬ʱ߻ħԼͬҲɱʱ壬һԳ֣ܻ񣬲ǷϵһΪ塣
˶ΪˣϾ磬ûΪˣȥֻʻصľǣûǲ֪ͨʲô취ָΪһֱзչԼ
ҲûκβĴڣڲǿʼ𽥵ر͸ǰʱ飬Ԫˣ֪ˣпɳ֮Ҫһٹ塣
ֻʵĻشȴ÷Ϊ⣬ȻԼˣҲΪ⣬Ϲ˫΢΢س˼һ£ƺ뵽ʲô̧ͷʵĪǾǰʥӣĦ죿
ǰ֪ˣ
ֻһۣҲ׷ʵ
ûûмǴĻӦǸͬһߣʱνǹھµһһ֮ȣȻʧɫϹ˫̾һû뵽ȻûĦ죿˵Σ
Ҳǳʵ
ǰһߣ治߻ħĻߣɾͲǺˡϹ˫صصĦźĹϵ˵ҲΪĦĴ̫УúŻǳ֮¡
΢΢û뵽Щ¾ȻϵĦҲȷǲ򵥡
ôڿ֤ǣĦΪǻָˣһһ¥Ƕ𾳣üͷĻôɾͼˡ
磬ѰҲˣź˵䣬ͨҲѳһۣ˵ֶ
ҺµǳΪ˶𣬶ǱΪµľ磡
Ϲ˫֪ͨ춼ͻƵһߵĲΣô
ֻʵһۣҲǵ˵ͷû񽫾
񽫾ľ硭Ϲ˫Ҳ૵صҲǷӦ˹ȻǿͻƵ񽫾˵ĦҲͻƵ񽫾
Ϲ˫Ļʱ֮£˶ǳĬĻôһ񽫾ǿߣ޷⣬񽫾жôǿ󣬻ǲܹϵľ磬ֻȥ
е㼬ְֻҲεصĻĿǰ壬Ӧ˵磬޷񽫾ǿߣһ֣޼ɵؿѹһУΪ񽫾
ҾÿеΡȻʱȷ뵽һ㣬Է񽫾Ļôα£ֱӹس֣û˿õ


2949 ʱ伱
ŷɻ󣬵ֻʵҲΪؿһۣԡ
ͻƵ񽫾ôˣǱ٣Ϳǽһе⡣
Ƴ񽫾ûס̤¥ĽƣĽƣûܹסһ񽫾ǿߡ
˼ǣϹ˫Ҳǰһƺ뵽ͬһ㡣
Ƶ˵ͷûûв´ĻĦûͻƵ񽫾˵һͻƵıԵ
ҲֻܹͣΪβǱԳָ֣ʹ˳֮ЩǿߣȻǴһͻƵĽ׶Σ޷ҲпҪȵͻƵ񽫾һʧİܹ塣һһط
ҲܴΪĦǴ߳ȥģǳƾ޷壬ΪһľͷȻĵ̣ΪȷһʧȻѡͻƵ񽫾ٳֻ֡Ҳǰһ
ͣƺڤڤ֮и˵ǰƣҲǵ˵ͷȷˣô˵ĻĦӦǴһչص״̬֮¡
Ҳ˵ʱ֮ڣѰҲĦˡϹ˫Ҳǳŵصûа취ǿѰҵõĦ죿
ֻһۣҲҡҡͷûκΰ취ĿǰҲֻܷɽţ˵ѰҶԷˡ
ͻ񽫾ӦܹӦõ·΢΢سƬ̣ҲƽصԣͻƵ񽫾ȻǷ£Ķ˵Ϲ˫ҲǿԸӦõ
ͬŵͻһ㣬ƺƴĦһͻƵĻȻҲǡ
Ҫ飬ƽĶҡҲ΢΢ôȥɡ
·ҲǽĵϣղˣȻҲΪżȻ֮ȴûа취ƣôǿԳһ¡
ֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ô£
һҲǱ߱ߵɫ࣬ԣĵƸΪҪһ㣬ǰ֮ڵǽˣҪԵģ¾Ħ졣
жˣһֵֺĶ˻֮УŻԵʱӳֻܵҲƽصֻһЩǰµĵҩסͬԣûİ취Խ
ж
ƲɵǽüͷжĻǻüࡣ
£һҲֱӵص壬һ·ϱܿĽƣһ·ģȻҲ÷Ƶ˸̾ѣԱľͷһǷ˶ңǲ
ǱߵˣֻҲѯʵ
Ǳߺһ㣬ֻңҹȥҲƽϢˡƵ˵ͷҲǽȵһһʮ˵˳ϾͷͬԴ
ֻεʼ򣬿Ц԰ͷƽʱΣһǵΣͷȻǶǸӱ
ԣһε飬ȷͷΪص飬Ǳ
ŹһΣͷɾǵˡҲֻ㰲οص
ɡֻԳһЦûнһĻֱӵؽӹ壬ȻԵȴǸΪؼ֡
󣬷ֻʵĴ֮£Ҳһ֮أﺮˣ쳣ر䣬ɭϡ
һ֮أڵǳزȶֻȻõҩȹ꣬ǳ֮
ֻҲǵǵص
Ƶ˵ͷƬ֮ǿˣһ޴˿ռ֮ڣȻ¶ȸΪغˣ룬ڷһű񴲣һˡ
Ȼġ
ǰ˹ȥĴʱ԰ױɫûаѪɫͬ˳˯һ㡣
а취ôֻҲǳʵõƣΪģȴǿûӦ֮ߡ
ҿԳһ¡üͷҲûаգܵǳһ
ͽˡֻ˼һ£һ֮󣬵˵ͷǺһ뿪зһ㹻ˣ˭ƶ˵Ļôĵķǳˡ
ǵȾ磬¾ֻĦѰҽҩܹƣǵʱɾǸΪ֡


2950 ƶ1
£ʣ˷һˣҲ֮еģɫҲǸӣΪҪƺǰĵƸѰҳİ취
ƻͷųԼʶ֮ĵ֮ڣʶǲһɱ֮⣡
ƻԭΪﻷɵԵʣǺܿͲԾˣɱ֮⣬ڤڤ֮Уȴǳһа֮⣬񣬶ܹܵӰ죡
£Ʊ֮⣬⵽ô£
ʶɨĵҲǷˣһеı֮⣬ƺĵĵ֮ĵ֮ƺǱһаЩ֮Ǵӵ֮
ʲô
Ƶ֮ҲһɾɣֱӵɨӶǵȴǱһǿõƺǲ÷Ƶʶĵĵ
һĻ÷о㵲ѣҪ֪ĵΪ赲ԼʶȻǰƺǸʶԲĵ
ĵֻ˭ģ
Ȼһ̣ûвõǣһֱ˫ģʱȴȻ˫һ˫ڵӣ˸ȴǱ֮⣬Ͳĵɫ
غһǴ㣬ҪǿʹԼƿĵ֮һɱ֮⣬жȻһΣУʶ̧ͷȴȻط֣˫
ġ
ʶغ֣Ȼ˲ǲԾˣʱĸһİĸоͬһһڵ˫ûаеֻĺı
㡭
Ҫ׷ʣһ̣ȴ͵վȻֱӵضŷƳ֣
Ȼػع͵Լ˫ĵĹƸƽŭģôˣ
״̬ģ÷ɵ֮⵫ǺȻ޶ԣûж˵һ仰ٴǳֵ֣ǣĵȻ˲٣÷еĥ
ĵǿеΪѣֻǱصֿţϾһ֣¾ͻֱӵ˵ģҲΪһ㣬Ʋϵ˺ײ֮Ҳֻʵ˵ע
ôǿֻʾɲصеŹˣȻϹ޼ȴǴֵص£˵Ƿھء
Ϲ˵
Ϲ˫һۣɫҲеأΪʱݳȻе㲻ѰˣǷƵȴǸһֿѹƵĸо
ֻһۣҲΪѣ֪δ
ٵƬ̣ǷƵĻóȻشȥǻҪӰ졣ʱ˼Ƭ̣Ҳǻص
ʮӣ˵ĻǾͽȥ
£棬Ҳǿ಻ԣľͬǷһ㣬ǲκεֱӵؾǳ֣ϵϮŷƣȻȴǲܻ֡
ʱ򣬷ԺȻһĨ⣬ǵԯʩչһֶΣҲˣΪؼãƺǰǿԶʩչһ¡
æ˺˾룬ƵӡҲزϱţȵ
ŷƵ£ܵѸٵ۶ɣһֱӵؽ洩ĵ壬ĵǱǿеԭأô޷ѵ
һĻƲǳ׵һʱֱģ㵽˭
Ȼޱ飬еı֮Ҳη壬ͬɥʧһ㣬ȴֲ񣬾ͻһ߱˲ݵĿܣ
ûǿܣʱĵ㣬ƺǱж֮󣬿Ա˲ݣǼΪˡ
Ȼʱƽĺ˫ȴЩ䣬һĨâȻظ֣ĴʱҲֱֹͣŷƣͻȻſػһԯͷôȻĶ
ͻȻǿڳԣҲ͵ɫ䣬ֱģһֲɵصĦ죡
ѾǷǳˣжһһĶֶǳĦУֶͨصĴڣģıһ߿ԲݵĿܣ
һ󱲾ȻҲ֪ҵ֣Ҳǲ򵥡ʱĵԵøɭ䣬ص˭ҵ³ֻһ


2951 ƶ2
ԣҲ˫ŭɣֳһĨɱ⣬ڵȷûа취ΪĦЩֶΣƵĵ壬޴֡
˭˺ұȻǲŹ㣡
˫ŭӣʱĵ屻ţҲûκεĶȻʱֻʵҲǳ˽ȥƬ̣ǲĲԾҲҪҪһǷʲô顣
ǰֵһĻֻ㵲ѣʶؿȥǷȴֹǡ
Ҫȥڲģ
ֻʺȻͣסŲ˾ޱȣҲǿĴʱ˫֮⣬ɲǾɲ⵽ô£
Ȼʱĵ˫ҲǶȻؽϣͬʧȥһ㣬ΪڵĹϵһֱڰ֮С
ô£Ҳǽʵãǲʲôʧ
ʱ˵ڵǰס˵
ҲӡϵתţǱס壬ʱҲƽʯ֮ϡ
һ֮󣬷Ʋǻһʾˣȥ˵
ŸĴڣĦҲ޷壬Ϊȫġ
ƣôˣֻʽ׷š
΢΢سĬһµڵ壬Ħš
ŷƵ£ֻһۣ㵵صôܣ
Ҫ֪Ħûг壬˻ңҲĦֵô£
һһʮذ˵˳˵ʵԼе㲻⵽ô£ĦͨǿҲȻǿᡣ
Ϣؿĵ壬ܹǲ
ΨϹ˫Ĭһ£üͷĪƶ
ĸֻ֣ʶһ㶣ƺʲôɫüΪѿνƶĻǿɾǼΪؼˡ
ƶʲôƳʵϹ˫֪ĻܹṩһЩϾڿڷʲô鶼ǲ˵ǰ
ڣǲǳһɱĺ⣬ڵ֮Ϲ˫ʵ
Ƶ˵ͷȷ٣Ϲ˫ȴǵ˵ͷȻĻȻƶˡ
ƶһżΪططˣѲˣû뵽ĦȻƿطϹ޼ͣһ£ƺҲǷǳؼɵط
ҿƶĦԽٲܹ¶Ħ콫ƺõĹƳиˣӶȻض֣ȥˣʵϣȷʵƶ
һƶڵĹƳͻǿʼ𽥵꣬Ǵӵ￪ʼʱΪطԵʣΪƳˣĦɵؿƶˡ
֮ڣ⿪ƶô˹ƶˣͻ곹׵رɣӶΪһ߿ܣûκνİ취
Ϲ˫Ļȴ÷ƾ㵲ѣƶȻֲ
죡
Ҳǿֻʵ˶죿
ֻʳ졣
Ҳ˵Ҷ˻ʱ䣬֮ڣ벻취ڵĹƶĻʱ³룡
ֻʱ䣬÷ȥѰҰ취⿪ƶ
Ҫ⿪ƶʲô취ôҲǳʵϹ˫ϣʱֻϹ˫ǰ֪
ϾֻʵҲŹֹƶĺݶ֮ѣϹ˫ȴҡҡͷֹƶûа취ɽ⣬Ħֽ⡣
ǰ˭ܹõҪĦԽ⿪ƶǲܵ£·Ҳ˳˼֮С
죬ʱ̫ˣҲĦ죬ҾҵˣҲδܹĦ⿪ƶ
ƽȭͷҲûа취£Ħʵɲ⣬Ϲ˫ҲǺǸϵΪɱĦ죬ǱøΪ£
û֪ĦΪһʲôزҲû֪ʱĦ죬ֻǱô
԰ϣһ棬˵ǰ׷룬ʱ֮ڣѰҰ취⿪ƶвȻʱһĻǳ׵رĦĿܣ
һа취
ƴʱͻȻ뵽ʲôȻת⼸죬ȶҺܿͻ
˵֮󣬷Ҳֱӵر뿪˴˵ء


2952 ƶ3
ԷƵΪֻһۣҲǾɲ˵߾ߣԼİ취ȥҲȰĵȶ˵
ʱ䣬Ƕԣ࣬ĵάϵʱ֮ڣʱŸĴڣİڵĹƶҲûκηס
ֻʵ˶ԣӦһϢȻʱȴֱӵ뿪壬ٶǷ̤¥뵽һ취ڵǹƶôҲǾ綾һ֡
ǷĳĦ֮⣬޷⿪ƲȻʱȴ뵽ǳĦ֮⣬˰취޷Զԣһ˿Խ
ǾСΣ
ƼǵãСξ϶壬ԣùƶûκΰ취ԶԣСλ϶壬綾֮ףƶޱȣȻҲ޷Сȡ
ʱƵĴǳؼ򵥣ǾԶڴ̤¥֮ʣǸܵ˲˵עӣȴû˸վΪǰһսԵʣλҲУ˵ˡ
̤¥Ǳţ΢΢˼һȥЩ˱ȻؽмӣȵĦɾ񽫾һ죬Щ˾ͻΪһӡ
Ȼȴûע⵽ȥ֮ӰȻرǳ̤¥֮ǰ
һģȻǰϹ˫ֵλ⼸ӰͬҲϢ
ҪҪ
һǿ߳ŷȥıӰȻҲΪ⣬ûмƣȻǲ֪ƵݣȻ·˵شæش֮ȻǷʲô¡
衣
ȻʱһͷһȴǻصĦڱչأָ֮տɴҪ㽹
ֻҪػڴ˵ؾͿˣһǼ˳ܻסǣˣᡣ
༸һؿǵ˵ͷ̤¥ǰΧţ˭ǵļӵУȻԭҪֱӵس壬ӶӦһ塣
ƻϲϱ仯ǿû뵽ȻֱӵطɽţѸٵƽңЩǿ߸ϵ֮ʣѾûκΰ취塣
ĦҲǴƺͷ壬ҲҪһд˵ֻҪ֮УҪĴ˸˾Ϳԡ
Ǹˣúܣһġ
һǿҲɭȻصᣬȴӵ㾪˵ΪʵһǵģΪƵĳ֣Ӷƻǵļƻ
޷ֻҪĦ߳أЩкη壿ЦЦûв´ĻӦþһػߣҲ峤Ǹ˵еķơ
ȻǵǲΪˡ
û뵽½Ȼǳܹļһ֪ʱĦأ˭Ǹʤһ
£Щǿڵ֪˷Ƶ֮ȻҲΪɡ
ĦߵõϵĴУȻܹǰȻʧɫһƶѣҳݡ΢΢ƺûаѷƷڡ
ȷֻҪĦسɹĻǿɾǴţһ磡һߵľ磬Խľ磬Ǹʱ磬˭ܹĦߵĲ
ˣĦ˽ƶǲȷ֮ˣ
ʱͻȻʲôƶǼƻʮҪһ֣ǱӦ֪Ƿǰƶ¸˺֮ˡ
ӦϢƶһĵϡ
ģôֻʻ𣿡ΪãƶΣǶʮֵֻʵϣǽǸ
ǻûгֵʱ䣬ֻʲ֮ڣƶĵϡ
˽͵
ˣҲһĦҪĲһܶѣҲ̫Ҫ֡
߸Լİ׺ӣ¶һŵɫֻҪĦأôȻǿԲĳΪܣʱп壬Ҳ޻˵
ԣҲһµص˵ͷǵĿ꣬Ŀֻ꣬ҪĦͻ񽫾ĻôĿ꽫ǳư磡ûκܹƺĦ龰֮£Ħһǿ޿ƥеĴڣ


2953 ƶ4
뿪̤¥֮󣬷ֱʱĵ·Ҫظϻذ½ȻСθ壬Сεʣûа취ƶĻôƿɾûκΰ취ˡ
ĦȻǲܻǽ⿪ֹƶѰҵҲ޲
Ե·ֻǿԼ
һ·糾͵ظϻذ½֮ʣʥѧĲ˶ǲһ£ôǽͷ֮飿
Ȼ˵¾ǰСλС޸ϣٶǷ硣
ιιƣ㵽ǰǴȥʲôҲô˵һ°
£ССҲһز⣬ǿŷ㽹ɫҲɻѡ
ƶ˵ûУ
·ҲǱ߸·߽͵
Ȼƶĸ֣СڶȻ˫صȻֶڣ
Ϊ˽⡣ƿСɫжʱҲһϲĻŽİ취
϶򶾵Ļôƶǳ򶾵ĴڣҲûмǴӹżϼʶƶ֮ԭΪʧˣȷֹƶСڳ
Сε϶壬а취⿪ƶôһСΣҲǻڴʵ
Сڶʱ˳ĬУҲԽ𣬱ϾҲûнӴƶ
ʵСε϶壬ѾǽһƿһֱǰѰһͻƵСڻصȻԶԣ͵СѰҵµľ綾
˼ǣüͷһСε
ҵ˼ǣԵƶСο˳ؽֹƶգ˵ǿƾֻԵӶͻơСڴһǷص
϶ʺǶأ֮ףȻڶԣǵһƿҪͻƣǾҪľ綾СصҲ֪Ȼ϶ˣһѰľ綾ǶСûκõġ
ƶһǰʧһֶСοֹƶĻǾ͵ɱΪ϶塣
ԣ˳˼Уʵ̣ǲǳ˷գ
Ȼģ϶屾һʣⱾһʹ࣬ҺСǳΪزڵ򶾡
Сڷ˷۵зվ棬ǿƶĻôСοǿƾһεĻԵõĻᡣ

ҲǾ㵲ѣû뵽϶Ȼ˵ؿ˹һֹƶѣȻǿṩĻᡣ
Ҫɵֹƶô
ʱԱߵСҲ͵صɴ۾ȻǿԼŽĻᣬҲǸϲ⡣
ǿ൱ĶսĴˡ
ԣҪɣΣյġСҲԱ߽͵ΪǹƶԸҪСĵ㣬ԭڵĹƶתƵԼڣʱӿɾʹˡ
ԣҲСǣСӦǿȥƶ̱ȻҪСģȻĻƶ˳ƽСεڣǾ鷳ˡ
νɣСζԣǽƶȫɵԭĹƳ棬ȫնɱܹǽɣһɵĹ֮УƳ滹ǻŵؽСε϶֮ڣôͻǱ÷ǳ⡣
ûнƶһǰƶԼڣȻʱĻûܹɵƶ
仰ԣСʧܵĻƶͻתƵԼڣǸʱ򣬵ͬСγΪȡĵˣǱƶƣΪĦĿܡ
ȻҲǲԸ⿴һĻǰΪ֮УһģһԼŮϣ£ȻΪСԣɵḶ́ӦöСε϶ԣʲô̫Σյ£ֻҪעһɣɳɹĻСαԣҲһ˲õĻԵ
һ£𾳣Ƕ֮£Ǵʱ½Ѫƣǳɾȴ˶ǿͻƵֻ˵ܶѡ
һ˵Ŀ֮ϣ޴ǽͻƣǶСζԣܹͽͻƣһ춯֮£ǷƣС֮£ҲûȻԵ
ܹóպСεĵ׻ǳɳʲô磿


2954 ɹƶ
£ŷƴСλСںСֱӵشӰ½ȥ磬ȻٶȻص̤¥֮ʣɷܵĳ˼ӵߡ
ĵط
СɨһۣҲǸ̾һյİȻݳ־أҲǿɱˡ
лҪء
ҲҡҡͷɨһܣɫҲΪ죬Ȼ𾳵ϢȻǼΪޣȴ
ҲҡҡͷЩĦµǿߣʣȻغڴ˵أûЩǿߣЩǿƺҲûѰ鷳˼
һΣɵؽ̤¥֮ڣû
ȥô
ڴ÷ƽ̤¥֮һȺǿҲٶȵһΣڷ󻹸ˣ֪ǷǵļƻӰ졣
޷ֻҪ˳ˡ
ˣǸΪ׵ȴЦЦûзϣѰ˰֣ΣĦֶΣ׶Ը
ûκֱӵؽ֮ڣʱѾǹȥ࣬Ҳ˵첻ʱ䣬ҪڵĹƶѾǷǳظʱ䡣
ƵĹֻҲϲ⣬¿Сεĳ֣Ҳһ¡
λǣüͷʵ˷Ƶϡ
λáСιɵصͷֻʺõ
ֻӾǲ˺ߣꡭ壿Լôô
ŮΡƿһĻҲǹЦ޷ڵƶĻôҲ˿ɽˡ
ֻ𣬴ʱ׹ԭǰСŮǷƵŮ¸ϣ
߰ɣٽܣҪ
ҲЦЦǵʱɲˣЩ׻ȰľȻ˵
ֻʱǴŷƵˣٴĻԵĵط˳˯еģʵ⼸죬ûѹ
ֻҡҡͷûУ֮һֱ״ֻ̬ڵԽԽ⡣
ԣ˵ͷҲףһжڵĹƶ֡
ȳȥɣͽСˡ
ֻһ˱뿪ˣȻｹ֪˵Ḷ́ݲðţҲǺػԱߡ
ΣŹƶ£ܲǰѹƶˣ
ָŻԵ϶壬ԹƶĻӦΪȫ
Ҳǵ˵ͷֱӵߵĵԱߣطĵĵ֮ҲǸоõһ֮ͨ⣬˲Ϯȫ
䡣
Ҳ̲סһ£ƱǸֶһӨɫâذ֣˵֮£Ȼֱ仯ǻ֮еģҲٶ˷Ӧ
͵˫˸ǱɫһĻȻףĦٶȿģ
Σƶ
ȵҲβҪģһǳְģùƶǽεڣǿɾǵòʧˡ
ε˵ͷҲȫעؽ״̬УӨɫâҲǲȫһʯһ㣬ΪӰ졣
ȻʱĵҲӦһӨɫâĵĵ֮Ȼؽ壬Ƭ̣ĵǳһɫĺ
ЩͬǵֿСڵһ㣬һʱ֮䣬Ҳٶȿڵ˵ǲҪ򣬾ƾǵҲܹ⿪ҵĹƶ
ĦݵģûǽעΣһǷʲô֮ǿжϡ
ףȻ϶壿̫ˣҵƶôƽô
£ĦƺҲǲСĲѰҲǹЦƵ˾ȻȼƻҲΪ⣬Ϊ϶ܹԸƶˣֱ̫ˡ
ȻƬ֮СֵӨɫâҲǱüΪʢռ䶼ǳӨɫâһĻСڲɵ˷ܵһЦȻˣ
£Կƺһ˿˿ɫɢӨɫâ֮УȻüͷƺҲɿ˲٣ΪĲУڵĺ⣬ƺǿʼˡ
ЩԴͷƶȻʱɢţ˵ƶѹƣ


2955 ƶ
ʱȷںת֮УЩɫıϢǴӹƶģȻ̵УεҲ΢زš
Щƶڽ֮Ҳõоһ󳹹ǵı֮⣡
ڵѸٵתͼǿЩ֮⡣
·ҲԱ߿ţüͷһĻҲǰﲻʲôæֻ˫ǿƽ¡
ԼĪƬ֮󣬴ڴݶıϢԽԽǿʢһ˪Χ¶ȣøΪؿ£
ĴʱҲ¶ʹɫʲôĥһ㣬˫Ȼٶֶĳǵı֮⣡
˵ͳŭͬҰһ㣬ֱӵؾҪѵǰµĸ䣬˵´ĹƶΪǿʢ
ηһ˫壬ȴ¶һΪ֮ɫƺ˼ֵ⡣
ãƶ̫ǿˣͼǿзΣ
ȻʱСȻҲǿŵ֮иһĨأֱӵߵСε󣬽ԼƷεĺϣϵشԼ
ƣ취ѹסƶȻĻδʱǲά̫ã
£Ҳ̤ǰһ˫ֱòϵؽӳӡֱӵһӡĵü֮ϣ
Ȼʱȴǳһɰ˪һ۶ɽᾧֵס˷Ƶӡƺǲ÷Ƶü֮䣡
ٶּ
ĴʱһͳȻĦҲǲԾĵزˣڳùƶֱӵطСΣһĻƶͻǽε֮Уǵòʧĸо
ͼֿ
ŭһĴı֮⣬ѪҺԼһΪ֮Ĵƶʵ̫ǿˣѹĶС
Ҫ֪ȻҲǴ۾۷ǿߣȴǱƶȫʴ壬ʱҪΪĦĿܣȻȴûа㷴
ò˵ǣƶȷǷǳǿ󣬴ʱͬƣڽӴƶ֮˾㵣֪ؽԼ壬Ҳһ٣
̫ˣƾЩֶΣԸҵƶ
ЦһԭӣʱȷʵԵø֮󣬶Ȼشĵ֮ӿһǿǳǵرޱȣ
ϵŸΪŨɫıϢ۶˷ƵǰһĻʶ˺ҲΪ㵣֪ĦҪʲô
ƶĹƳסλǸɵƶ
СڴʱҲǱϳˣһƶƳƶǰΪƳڷԵθࡣ
ʱƳ滹ҪֳһԸƵĻôԶԣСξͻ࣬ǲ֪ƶͻȫرյ
ʱٶԸνƶͻࡣ
ˣҰɡҲǵ˵ͷǰֵһɫı֮⣬һɫǻһͷҴСѸٵ۳һЫӣ
һ˫ɺעŷƣǶԼһ㣬һĻҲغһһ仯ӡҲǲһ󷨡
һе󷨣
ƶƳȻҪ׵ѹǲٻصĵڣ
Ыڳ֮Ҳ͵طһȻ֮£ǻһһ㣬Ѹٵس˷ƣ
һĻҲЦѣ˫͵ɿͷһŵǣ˫ȭȻسžɫâɢ˾˵¶ȣĻ֮
ƶȻǲӲƴĻ֪ƶ᲻ֱӵؽԼ壬ʱӿɾʹˡ
˫ֵľɫâһһ㣬ϵػڰ֮˵ۼȻЩɫâͷЫӵӰҲĴģؿơ
ƺеɵڵ
ǱƵˣһͷЫӣǻزȥĵˡ
ȻˣǾ
ŭһָһ͵ػӳһȭɫâŷƵȭͷݺݵػ˳ȥײһͷЫӵϣ±Ǵ˺һը죡
µɢЯı֮⡣


2956 Ƴ
ƳҲһӱѹţһͷЫǴĵ۶ɣΪȵس׸ܵһУʱûκԷƵһ
һȭǳ׵ƽɫϢȻȴǽ⿪˽ƣЩԣȷʵûаӰ죡
ܺãƳ˲٣ҶԸܵõˣ
СҲǴϲصƳԽԽãΪѹһֵԶԣСεҲǱøӵļ򵥣ǲʲôΣա
ȻʱȴŷƣС㣬ȻˣҲȻˣ
׽ɫ䣬ŭȵĦ죡Ҫʲô
ʲôƻҵļƻȻ˵ĻҲԸΣ
ĦģҲǷЦȻ֮˫͵ؽĵǿʼҵһ̣ڴݶøΪؾң
⣬ãǹƳƺʧȥˣ
С͵۵ΪΣԺ׵֪ʱڵ塣
ԣɫøӵأʵʲô취ô
ûв´ĻƶĶͻǳ׵شȻȫɵĵǸʱȻҲûа취پˣ
˼˵ҪɱƶĶôͣһµ
ûҪľǣֹⶾ֮ɵĵߣֻҪٸһʱ䣬ܹڵȥƶˣ
СڳôһҲ𽥵ƿƶȻҪʱ׵ƿأǰǣƶĶ沢ûǰĵݻ١
ȻĻǵǰˡ
ˡ
·Ҳǵ˵ͷҲٶǳûĵ֮ʩһ㸿䣬ȻڵȣƶĶ
һΣɲǴˣⶾƶĹؼȻⶾĦϵԺ÷õԼ¶ԸĲͨĶ档
ⶾ滹˲Ħ
һĻƶǲˡ
Ƭ֮ĵ岻ϵʶţ¶ʹɫʱҲǻָĦ첢ûмؿģǣԽֲˣ
ţĵĺ΢΢䶯ţƺʲôҪƬ֮ʶһ£һɫĹâȻشĿгܱͬ˼֮أ
µĶȻ½Ȼȴڴʱ͵ԼƣסһɫĹâ
ƶĶ棡
ֵĸоһֳǵı䣬ºֱӵؾǣ˵ֱۣһ˪Ȼʱȴɫ䣬оһâȻҪԼ壡
̫ˣҾͿֵˣ
ɫâĦ΢УԺؿԼָжϣӦһӣȻӴʱȴҪ굽Լ壬Ҳƶ
ĦһﾹȻǽթ˹СڻǷƣΪĦҪݻģû뵽Ħ˴Ƶע⣡
̴õͦģϧҪƶҵ壬ƺˣ
Ҳ΢΢ЦȻʱ˫Ҳǲ˰˪ǳЩľĸоڵѸٵתֱӵؾǿƶ֣
ƣסλҪһᣬǧƶ壬ȻĻʱǰˣƵĶߴСڵĽҲѵ
εǽһؼʱڣֻҪٸһʱ䣬ܹѰҵƿƶķǸʱƶǹСƿˣĦٴͣȻҲ޷ʲô
غһеɫرǱ˫ڵǸԶתƶ֡
֮ڣȻرɫâѸٵӿֵ˷Ƶֱ֮ϡ
꣡
һϸ΢Ȼ֮£ҲǷ֣Լֱǰİ˪ʱȴ𽥵ػ⿪ˣ
ǡ
Ʋɵ΢΢һ㶣ע⵽һĻҲǷˣƺǸйأĪЩƶֲԣǰôû
㡭ϾȻ飡ȻʱȴǴĦܻ


2957 ɱƶ
ŵĦܻƱ׶֮ǿԶƶѹƣֻԼǰûѣ
£ĦҪͨƶʩԼϣл÷ƷˣƶԣŲЧġ
غһܿƱǸоֱٶǴů⣬Ѹٵؽ⿪ƶвҲ˹ڣǲõƶǶԼκв
ʶһ㣬Ҳ΢΢̧ͷеôһɫıҲһĨЦ
ȻˣǻʲôҪɵģ
ȫת·Ƶֱ۶ǴݶɫâȻʱɫıȴǴһֿ־ϵţƺҪٶȻصĵڡ
ȥ
ɭȻһЦò״Ȼȥôܣ
ƣɱƳʶβҪǹʶ
ʱСҲǻؿڵ
֪ˡ
㲻ҪСѣȻҲܹף·ֱӵؾǿתһž˵׵ذƶ
תһƶҲǴĲҽЩĦ촫ģڶʶʱڱǿеĨɱ
´μ֮ʣȡ㹷֮ʱ
ƿеɫҲɭȻصȻؽգЩҽǳ׵ʧˣĦʶǱ׵ɱ
ϾֻǲʶѣȻ˶ԣܻǷǳؼ֣Ƕڷƶԣ鷳£˿Ѵ֮ǰƶвˡ
ȻҪ鹦ڷϵ飬·ƴʱͷۣƶԼ塣
ʱһİУ͵شһܵĻѱԶصȼԿⶴѨ֮Уһ۵Ӱ
Ȼ飡
һɭȻȻ쳹ѨȻӰ̧ͷ֮ʣȴ¶һź˵ӣȦݣȫͬһò
飡飬һҪ
ȻʱȴǷͳŭȴͬĺһ㣬־壬Ħ죡
ĦʱںδȻǲƺѾΣĦʲôٴͨҲȻǲٶĹʲôвˡ
űɫȻɺ䣬ȴһЩɭĸоΪĶǰĦʶһˡ
ˣѾƿֹƶʵ̫ˣ
ȻʱСȴǻ˫¶һڿϲɫΪţε϶ǵõһͻƣĻǿŽĻᣡ
ʲôֵ˷ܵģ
Сڵ֮ҲɿԼ֣ԭնסһɫʱȴԶطε֮ڣֱӵεĸ֮С
ûô
εٶҲΪģϾƶһĶ
İɣġС¶һɫƶε֮ڣǻε϶Ϊý飬ʱܹԼƳ棡
ֻҪǵǸʱôξܹʶˣ
붼˷ܣ϶ʣһǳɾǵǸӵؾˣ
Ƶ˵ͷСڼĲ裬˷ҲǽĵϣʱĵɫȻɲ԰ޱȣѪɫȴûдǵȾ˵ı֮ˡ
ǽڵ⡣Ʋɵصһ̧ͷʵĻʲôʱܹѣ
Сڳһ£Ҳҡҡͷ˵á
ţĪǻʲô⣿ƲɵüͷڵƶѾǽ⿪ˣѵѹô
ģƶɵĴ󲿷꣬ԣǿѹģǡܻʧȥһֵļ䡣Сڳһ»ش
ԣƲɵһ㶣ⶼУƶã
ƶڵʱԽļͻʧԽ࣬ƶĴʱѾǲˣԵѹܻһֵ˺£Ƕ٣ǿˣ˭Ҳ˵׼
а취ָôƳʵɲһϢ


2958 
ûа취ǹƶǺް취ԡСҲҡҡͷʾûа취ģ걻ƶʴǲּʧȥ
ƳĬŻԹȥģҲΪӣʧ䣬ɲһ¡
ֻʵҲ߽һжƽɵǽŵ׷ʵƣˣ
ҲǿһڵĹƶǽûжˡ
á
ֻҲһϾû¾á
ʱȴͣһ£еԶֹ
ôˣĪʲô֢¾ǲ׽˷ƵĻ̺Ϣɵǳʵ
Ƶ˵ͷڵĹƶȻǺˣΪƶĴڣ˲ֵԣ֮󣬻ǻᶪʧһֵļ䡣
÷˵ֻһ㶣еԽˣʧ䣿
ûнİ취ôֻʳѹǶǸǵˣô죿
ΪҡҡͷҲ޲Ͼܵģܹ⿪ƶѾǾˡ
ˣܹѾõĽˡʱҲֻʵļʾⲻҪѯȥˣϾƶĴڣͨżļأҲΪǷǰ޽ġ
ȻȴǺķ˲˼ǽ⿪ƶвʧȥ䣬ܺùΪĦĿָֽá
Ҳǣ˻žáֻҲεص
ȻʱĵָȴǶ˶õ÷ƲҲעӹȥģƺҪˡ
ԣֻ˶ΪŵؿģΣǵô֮󣬲֪
Ƭ֮ĵĽë˶ǻ˫¶һ˫ãȻӡ
ģˣ
ֻ˷ܲѣǰΣա
硭ôˣ
ĸոǽ⿪ƶʱʴȻԵΪȻȴûֻʧƺǼǵǣȻǿڽж硣
˾綾ڶǷƾ㡣ҲЦеصӣû֮㻵
ǿֻæǹȥţǵҲǵˣֻǵڸ˽֣ͻȻػ˹ȥ
û£ЩȥˣͶ綼أܿˡ
ֻΪϧصһζԷǳԼȥ½Ƕ̶̰췢ϮĴһֿ½Ǹ
ûȻáʱҲǻؿڵ
Ȼȴǿһ۷ƣ¶һɻɫλǡ
̬µǵһ£Ȼʧȥ˲ֵļ䣬ƶǲǵˡ
Ƿưôֻ죬ξģǶҲ޲ߡ
ȷ¶ãȻɫŷƣֱԼؾԺƺôһ˵Ĵڣȴ벻һ뵽ЩԺһƬհס
ƶʱǳĬˣû뵽ʧȥļ䣬ȻǸйصġ
⡭
ֻһۣҲΪΣƳĬһ£ȷҡҡͷûϵҶѡ
仰ĶЩ˵ʵҲĺ֮һֻ֮ĹϵΪ΢ѣֻʶǲ֪
Ȼ֮ȴΪЩ΢Ĺϵһֱ޷ʲôҲҪʲô˵Ĺϵ΢ıš
һΣǵǹļ䣬δһ£ԣҲٹ˼
δزһ¡
ƼһǿЦݣؿһģܾúܾԺĻͻȻҲпһӶټǵãһֽƵˣֹ档
˵֮󣬷Ʊתȥֻʺһۣ˷֮еĲԾȴôҲ벻ڹȥôһԵ
ֻϧĵʧ䣬һжȥûٻǵãȻҲܻǿļǵԼǵĶԣδһµĿʼ
߳˶֮УƿŲ񷣬ҲиţСδʱʱɵվڷƵʵǸҲҪаô
ԣһЦСνа̵ģŮˣȻȴҡҡͷģԽĽ㡣
һУվǹȥˣֻףģܹĿĻȥȴˣҲ޹Ҫˡ


2959 ѰĦ
ڷƶԣȻеźò˵ڵĹƶҶʧֻԼйصⲿּ䣬ûһδһ¡
ڰֻ֮ʵҲٶŷƻ棬
ƣαǸˣû뵽ǵ˾Ȼ㡣ֻʵһ仰ҲΪǸһǷƺķ˲ǽκãȴǲǵˡ
޷ҡҡͷתƻʲô㣿
ֻһۣҲǳĬڵѲǸ۷ͷˣ˵ĦֽɫǿѹǣȻǰĦ񽫾
ҸˣһǽȣΪµߡ
ֻʿЦȻе̣߿ɶ𾳵ģΨһΣһ
΢΢˼һ£ҲǵߵȷǳغʱȻΪߣרЩһֱģҲ鷳ɡ
Ȼ˵ҾͿˣЩ飬ıҡʱԱ߹һЦƵȷǵ˼ԣʵѡȻϲֽɫֻλõѡ
ֵܣҲֱ˴ˡ΢΢һЦҾǵ֮£ǽĦ졣
Ħֻ֣ӵЦҲǼ˲٣ȷĦĴڣǶԣһǳв˵Ħһ첻ǶʮֵΣա
ǣԸĦ졣
һ㣬ֻȻϣҲûа취£Ŀǰǿ߸ûж٣Ҵ󲿷ֶ
ҡҡͷҪʱҪǿӲĳ֣ĻͻǾãûˣպ֣ȻҲûˡ
˲Ļҿ˵һǿߣػһҲԵƿֻʵһΣǵǿһ㣬ѰĦ죬Ȼպ硣
û˶֪ͷشԵǿ߶˴󲿷֣ں쳾䣬ȻСһǿߣǺпܻǳû
һĦȻǸӡ
ûз˸֣飬˶ڿţ̤¥챻Ψţ廹Ƿɽţʱ仹ãʱĻǲ֪ΪѾϦˣʱһԸ壬ǿɾĲˡ
ֻһۣȻҲǶã˼һ֮Ҳǽ˷Ƶϣֻзܹ
ƣӦô
ҵĦ죬ɱƺЩ˸ĦĴڣǶǸܴвǶȣػһԣһܴ
ִڣǳǲ
ֻʳҪĻµöС
ЦˣҪľǲСĶʲô
飬ҪжĶжĶ˶֪Ļ˾֪Ȼûˣһͷ˭ܹϲȵģ
ֻһۣҲǵ˵ͷҪĻھȥټ֣׼һС
ȱ𼱡΢΢һЦڲż֣ĿǰҪľǣΧ̤¥ⲿָ׵ظߣɱһӰ٣Ħ첻֪ںδʱ϶Ҳġ
Ҳǳ
ΣӦ֪ɡֻҲ̽һµϾƿǳΣӦ
ȷˣһ𡣡΢΢һЦϴδηأҲǲ޵ϢЩ˵ĴڣȻҲִơ
ôǿ߿ҲٵȥֻһӾΪѵľصУ廹𾳵ǿǿߣԼĪʮ
˵ǶԸĦˣǽЩ˶ǼΪ鷳
赣ģһæ֮⣬ˣн˼ң˵æͿôصһЦȷʮֵû䣬ԶԣʱģϾͷĵֻҪʮʱĬĬػָԪʱ˭ʧ壿
˵𣿡ֻǰһҲϾȥӦû


2960 
ҲһʱȻԪˣǱϾ̻һģΪҪľǣǰΧ̤¥ЩǿϤػɱȻĻպǿ壿
ڷƵ֮£Ǻܿرټ֮ڵһǿߣѸٵؿʼһĲ衣
Ȼ̵УƳ棬Ҳ˵Ϲ˫æϾһϹ˫壬ĦЩǿߵǺѲ˸ϵġ
Ȼˣİ壬ĦĴڣÿ˶ԣһ
ԼĪǰȥ֮ЩǿҲǼһַƴͷϹ˫ڵ𣬻ֻΪ׵ǿԼĪʮ
ʣĻһּС֮ڡ
뿪壬ֱӵرǽ̤¥ڲԻ͵̤¥ȴưܣֻʵҲҡͷ̾ϢվҪԣպ徿ǾʹûǿԼ
̤¥棬һǿ氵е̤¥ĸȻҲǱ֪Сǿ߶ڲ²⣬徿ˣȻ˸壬һȵرɽš
ʮǿ߼֮£ţϾĦ챾ʱ޷Ҳǰµľ˹ǰôһȺĦԣҲʮֵҪ
һʧˣĦͻƵ񽫾ĻҲʹļס
Ǳˣͷǿڽ֮ڣǱüΪϡˣ˵֡
Ȼƽյ̤¥ڽշЩ仯ǳյĴţȴֱӵش򿪣õܵļӵǿ߶һǰȥ֪ͨλǿߡ
̤¥˳ˣ
һ٣ºƺƵļʮˣԷֻʵΪףش̤¥֮˳
ͦġ
ڳ̤¥֮ʣֻҲ΢˫ɨһЦ
ΪôҲһ⣬Щһֱ̫ˣɫ֪
׼ְɣЩ˿ɶǼǵһһȻҲǲܹ⼸æˡ΢΢һЦɱ˸
Ȼʱ򣬲ԶϢȻؽٶ£΢΢̧ͷɵһЦ
Ȼ
һͻϴε°ܽô
עӵƵһɫҲǱޱȣȻǿ˷֮ƵζʱҲܹѹֶ¡
λѣɷһ
ʱ򣬶Ϊ׵һǿߵɨһֻʵ˵
׵ģϣ
ֻʶȻŭһ⻹Ҫʲô˵ģֱֱӿˣҪôϻʲôѲɶ滹飿
ǿߣĦ죬˴˵ĿĶҪԷԲΣ֮һܹȥ֮⣬еԳ֡
𾳵ǿҲüʲôʱβˣһ仰û˵ֱӿˣȻҲǲη壬οǴǰĿľܻһЩˣ˵ס壬ԱǵȴĦ֮ٽо
ǰ죬ɽţõǿû˿İ취ɺˣԼǿɾͲԹǶˡ
ø壡һΪҪͷڹҪãȻˣϣ
ȻҲǲһӣЩڰеǿֱ߱ӵس֣һӵرǱûֻʵȵض֣֮£𼶱սǲ岻֣սν׾ˡ
Ϲ˫һۣҲǵ˵ͷֱ̤ӵǿߡ
ԭϲ壬ѵͲĦͻг֮ٻȡ㹷ô
һˣƺҲʶ𣬵²ɵŭȵ
һΪ˭أϲģôˣϹ죬ǧӶȥô
Ϲ˫Ƣ𱬣ҲֱӵؿŭָһϼһĦ죿Ǹһͻ˵ǧǰûҪڼǧô
һ֪꣬Ľ컹ҵĵ죡
ǿҲЦ͵һգֱӵ۶һɫĳʱʵѹ޴ڣϹ˫ȻҲ˿زӡ


2961 ս
˵Һһġ
Ϲ˫ҲǴֵأ˫һգֱӵ۶һ΢ĳǼ䣬ˣ˵˿ǲڶԷ
ƳһۣҲǵ˵ͷսٶֱӵؿʼһο𾳵սѰѹǲ岻֣
ÿ˶ԼĶ֣·ٶѰǰһܵλ𣬶˵ֱӵؾǿ
֮սĻţ֮µֻΪ׵ҲǿʼսսޱȣǿﶼǱһرĺݡ
ǲ˿Ļ·棬ҪôҪô
Ϲ˫Ǹõ˽սһ𣬷Բʮ֮ڣݺᣬ˿Ϲ˫ƺйԹԵǿҲʶȤ˼භ
ƴʱԵ࣬ȻԼϵһλΪԼսˣλԼûа취Լԣƿʼ𽥵ռϷ硣
ģСӣλΪȴܹ˾˵ʵ
ɫҲȻƴʱѹĴ󣬸ԶԸˣԷǿߣλҲǿʼܵޱȡ
ݹˣȻûгһ浹ľƣԶԣʱҲû·磬սӺܿرǽˣϾ־ͷǿߣ޵ʹõԶԶܹṩΪ֮ǿս
ԼĪǰʱ֮󣬱Ųǿ߷ĲҽЩĦµǿߣڳһĶս֮Ҳ·磬ǿ߾նɱ
˿ز飬ͬȼǿߣֻʻΪףⲿǿ߽ɱֻۣеǿߣǲĸˡ
һ۶죬˾ɱҲѹǣʱ䣬ǳܵѹʵ̫ˣܾޱ䣬Щ˻Ҫûٴݻٵ壬ܹ̣
ȻⳡսΣǲ֮ǿ߿Ծһж֮ϵս
ûκγɣǷֳ˽Ϲ˫սһ춯صĽȻرƬ֮󣬽ݺᣬǱиѺۣϹ˫ڰ֮УһĵȻ
еĳָǰصǿߣ˵ǧϹͷˣαʱۣ
ޣƨҸ㣬ˣҲܹĦǲŹģȻܵƲᣬҲǺݺݵصϹ˫
֪жԹʱ㹴Ħ죬ǲˡƽص߰ɣڶʶϣҲɱ㣬´ΣҵĽɲ顣
ԣɫ޵ɨһǿߣ֮ҲɱȻһ̣еĽȴǼĲϣ˸ĺ⣬õõһӱ˹
Ҫ˵ĻֻһλᡣĮȻصɱɱ
㹻ݣˣֻҪлᣬұȻٻ֣ݺݵصɨһˣҲһֱӵطȥ
ԭˣûʸͣսϣһνɱôûɱ
ŵȥıӰҲ̾һǸн飬֪굶ȷǸһйأǲεȥ
˼ǧˣôϺͿܵô̾ϢĬȻʱȴǽ˵ϣҲǷսҲΪš
Ƶ㲻λܹƣ𽥵سѹԡ
һĻõý㵣Ҫ֪λԼΪ࣬ƶܹ֮ˮƽ˵ҲܹԼſ֮
̸ܣٿǸТͽܣˡֹŵһϹ޼ɴʱôΣҲһ
£ŽȵؽսôһӾڽս֮ĽҲֳֳٶȼս֮УһӾƻ˱ľơ
Žļ룬߿ʼռƣϾһٲҲܹɵѹƣ
ʱ˭ǿóƺ෴ЩĦµǿߣΣյöˣµսѽȻǿ߻ʤ


2962 ׷
սսһӱ
ȻʱҲϤؿʼȫѹƶλһηѧˣԲ֮ڣΪ˷ֹ뿪ҲǾز˽ơ
ûܹ뿪
֮սҲǿʼһ浹ľƣŽ˷սһƬռ䣬λԱǷ˵ֿԭܼ򵥣Ϊʱ֮⣬˵ˡ
ҲӲзƵĽڣȻǲϴһɵӵ
ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
⼸𾳵ǿߣҲӲΪ׵Ҳǵһ۷ƣڳЩǿߣܷڷơ
֮һػߣƣ
׵ɱǣôҲ̫ûֵˡ
΢΢һЦɨӶ𣬵ңĦǾͿߡ
˼ܼ򵥣Ҫ֪Ħ䣬Ӷǳ׵ؽ鷳
Ǿ仰ҪɱҪУϤ㡣
Ϊ׵һµǼɲ̰֮
ŽһۣҲЦƵɨһɵ𽥵ر䣬̰ûв´ĻĦǵʲôֶΣǲұɣ
ŷƵЩɫ䣬Ȼ˵û
΢΢һЦһĻȻҲϵУƶ˾ƲˣĦ첢ǸٷְµˣϵΪȥ
ˣĦԸǹ죬Ҳܱ壬µǿߣȻԼĿֶΣΪľǲЩ˱
˵ûɣ
ЦصĦ飬ҿԴӦǽ⿪ϵĹƶ
շƲ⣬ЩϣȻһЩƹƶһĴڣ϶ƶҪ⿪ĻҲǰ鷳
㡭ĿԸǽ⿪ô
һ𾳵ǿ߶ҡˣֱӵؿʵ
ͽ뱳Ħô
£һ𾳵ǿҲŭƳһ۷Ƶ˵ЩˣֻܲдţȴĦأЩӲ
룡ҵҪɱӺˣ
ɫ͵رɱЩǿ˵ʵӦɱˣǿǿ֪Ħ֮ϣǶˡ
£۳һɾ˵һڶ֮ƣֱӵһסǿߵĲ
㡭Ҫʲô
סǿҲǾֵصڷǰû˿ķ˫ŭŷơ
ЦЦҲûж˵ʲôӴʶһӵɢֱӵرǽǿߵڣʼѰڵĦȻǻһЩʲôԱǲǡ
Ƭ֮󣬷˫ۣЩǿߣɵЦЦһƶѣңĦ䣬ҿ԰ǽ⿪
ƣ
֣⼸𾳵ǿ߱˾֮һû뵽ƾȻһ۵ؿڵ⡣
ȻĦǵһֶΣΪ˷ֹѱ䡣
㡭Ŀǽô
£һǿҲ˶ҡЦŵ˵ͷֶΣȷǿԽ⿪Щơ
ǰǵøĦ䡣ƵصһеɫŭǿߣҲҡҡͷȻĦ죬ôûбҪˣ
ڰӿ˲ӿǿߵڣӲؽ
ϾţûκεķֶΣͬǿߣƺƣǲΨǵ곹׵𣬲õİ취
ǿߣһնɱһҲǳ׵ذ
ôûпǺô˵Ħ䣬ҾͰǽ⿪ƣҷ˵ģȻƭǡɨһЩǿߣҲǵص
ʣˣһۣҲǲʱǰûжѡˡ
ǲ㣬ΪڸƵĴڣһ͸¶Ħ䣬ƾͻ̵طʱڵĸƾͻǽǵ곹׵ɵ
һǿҲ̾ϢûѡҪôڷƵУҪôĦУȻǲ
ԣƲɵüͷϹ˫ϣΡ
ƵȷǲûѡϹ˫Ҳƶ˵ƷǳǿƣһЩԾƾͻǱ׵Ҫ


2963 ϣ
£Ϲ˫˵ȻҲǲʲôɣȻʱ̧ͷǿߣƽصԣȰ⿪ƣҲǲˣʲô
ŷ仰ǿҲ¶ϣɫ
ϾΪȴҪܵ˸ƵвǶԣȷǺŭԣûܹаս⿪ĦµĸƣǷƺа취
ţôԸҽ⿪ƣҪ֪һ⿪ɣĦˣƣľͻҡ
ʱǿҲͻȻʲôŷƣȻֳսǿǶĦµĸƣȻԳа취⸿ơ
ţȻĦжǿǼʶͬΪ𣬲ĦֳսȴõǶΪֶ֣֮Σƽ⡣
ƶµİɣ
ȻЩŵǿߣҲ΢΢̧ͷɵǸһĨЦ˸ǣƶǱˣҲ˵ĦֶΣҶԣûжá
÷㻰ЩǿҲǵɴ۾¶˲˼ɫ
Ȼ˽⿪ƶ
ǸĦ߲̣Ȼ֪ƶжôؿ£ִŲĹƶȻȴǱ˽⿪ˣ
˻棿
ʼ˿صôǿǰбҪ˵ô
Ȼʵо仰û˵ƶǽˣǸйأƺΪ׳Ħ䣬ҲǽƾͼˣֻҪǴЩ˵Ŀе֪Ħ䣬ôͻǺðˡ
ǿĦ컹ûнͻ֮ǰֱֱӵؾǽĦɱûͻ֮ǰ
õĦͻƵ񽫾ĻôǸ޷ԸĦȴڣ
غһƽɨӶ⼸𾳵ǿߣصĪǾôһܵĦĿƣ
Ȼ֮ÿˣ߶йԹΪԹԼϣΪ˵ĳľżǻǿߵô
ᣬҲǺֱӵظ⼸𾳵ǿߣΪĦֵá
Ͼ꣬õԵǳɾ𾳣Ҿ꣬ͷȴǳΪ˵ĳľżһ˸Խܡ
⼸ǿ߶ʱ˳˼У˵û˵ǵĿȥĦѰҵǣȷŵ˲ٵĺôԼҲԸر˸ƣΪĦݵĹߡ
ĦԣЩǿߵܹǣγһɲͬǶԸ塣
Ͼÿ˶ԼһǿߵϣΪ𾳵ǿߣǻ˸ĵ˰ڲŷⷬҲǶҡˡ
ãȻ㶼ô˵ˣǰҽ⿪ƣҸĦ䡣
һǿվ˵Ҳǿŷƣϣɫ
ȷžԹҲΪĦܵӣͬΪ𾳵ǿߣαǻô
Ƶ˵ͷҲʾɢڳһ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ؽƸǿߵ֮ϣȻɢѸٵ۶ȻǿЩģǴƬ֮ע֮һ˵ʸѸٵ
ûκεĲʸоǿ֮߱ط
ڵڲϵؽǿߵڣȻͬҲڵ֮һڽȻͬûв´ĻӦǸơ
䶸Ȼط
ڷƵӴ֮ʣǿɫֱӵط˱仯һӵرǱ
ұң
һǿߵĿдݶ·׽аѸٵسԼȻʱǿ߻Ǳһֺɫţ˵ɫʹޱȡ
Ǹƣ
༸ǿɫҲǱþȻܹ׵رϳʲôΪɵĸƣ
ô£
üͷ壬ѹûǰһĻһĦȻ׵زˣȻӲȴǷˣ༸ǿҲͬشּ
ڵĸһ˲ؾͬһʱرÿ˶¶˼ʹɫȻĦֶΣЩҪ˼


2964 Ħֶ
£Щǿȫ϶һڰϢЩϢаޱȣ⼸𼶵ǿ߾Ȼ¶˲ɫİ֮Ϊ֮
ƺ˵ȻԼ˸ƣĦˣֱӵ˸ƵõǾĸо
ң
ȻЩڳʹ֮࣬ϣڷƵϣϣܹȵǡ
ǷƺǴˣĦ֣ͬҲûκεȥֹƵı
ЩȣҲûκεİ취ֻĬĬؿЩǿܾĥ
Ƭ̹ȥ֮ϵЩڰϢͬǻһ㣬͵ӿֱ֣ӵؽǵ嶼Ƿޣ궼û
þù󣬷Ƶһǿ߲ǻعһĻֱ̫пˡ
Ħ죬Ȼĺ⼸𾳵ǿߣ˵Ϲ˫̾
ΪˣҪɱ
ƺɵǽȭͷͬһڵĻ»и˵꣬ЩôҲǸ£ȴձ
ûа취Ѱҵֻ֮Ҳ̾ڳĦĻ˵õ˰綼ƽ
δء
ȴͻȻؿڵֱǰʱЩ⼸λǿϵĸɢĺڰϢȴûɢĦֶ֮һ
ʱЩڰϢûɢǲϵһʱҲע⵽һĻ׷סĦ컹Ҫʲô
ЩڰϢϵţܿγһźɫϢ𽥵γһģȥΪֲȴǷǳĦ죡
Ħ죬ɸҳһս
̤ǰһֱӵһģ֮г˱䡣
һ󱲣ȻҲͼң
ĦһһͲϵ䶯ţЦ
΢΢ס˫Īǲô
ĦЦţƬ֮ǻصȼûõġ
ͣƬ֮ĦǻصȻսңôұǸһᡣ
죬ż
ĦĻ̶ֻһ仰ȴ÷ɫʱΪ֮䣡
żڵż֮أ
ҴʱϣĦЦƣ֪żиˣ죬ڱż㣬ҲٿǸˣ
˵仰֮һЩڰϢȻʧˣĦҲʧˡ
Ƶɫúѿ֪ΪλĦ֪ڱżĴڣ֪ԼĹϵڱż棡
ö˵һΣĦб
غһʱ䣬ƺĦڱżԶĵطȻǲʱģҪ֪ӷڵλǰżĻҲʱ䡣
һ㣬ĦԲҪ
ԣǴӦȻԻǳ£
ƣôˣֻҲǳʵǵȻǲʲô飬ӷϾɫƺǿԿĦ֪˷Ƶ㡣
Ҫȥżһֳ
ƽصȻǲ²ⶼĦ⣬ΪĦ춼Ƿǳ磬ֻܹһ
֮䶼һսֳĦǰż
Լȥô
Ϲ޼üͷĦȻ򵥣ԼһȥĻɾͬûʲô
Ƶ˵ͷԼȥȻĻĦ컹֪ǻʲô
ģô֪ڱż
սȭͷŭĦֱ̫ɺˣȻв
ˣҲƱҪǰһ˱ż
żļ֮أȫĻҲʱ䣬Ħʱ䣬ȻżƻԸ㣬ǰĻȻмơ
Ϲ˫˼һҲȰ
ҡҡͷ룬Ҳڱżòȥ
оҪǰȥǾ޷ðˡƴʱ˫ֺʮ˴ǰȥҪôҪôĦеģĦɱңͻƵ񽫾
ƴʱԼţϾ磬ǿ߲࣬ҪɱĻܹͻƵ񽫾


2965 ż
ҲǰƻؿֻʵĦȻûа취ԸˣҲжٵǿߡ
õ޷չȡһµǿߡ
ֻһۣҲص˵ͷܹ֮ĵͳ⻹Ƕ˷ƵĶ
ȥż£֪ͨһػһǱߣȻжӦ֮ߡҲ׼һǰżԼҲûжٵİܹԷ֮£ֻǱ֤Լ
ѾǺѵˡ
ڽһ֮󣬷Ʋѡֱ̣żȥ
ʱ䣬νĦľƣպǿ׼ʱ䣬Ħڵλãڱż
ʱżǧ궼û˼ĳ֣ȻʱƵĵҲǴ˴˵صļž
ĲЪ·ǽƬ֮أ֮󣬾𼶵ǿһҲ޷̽絽׶ж
żҲûж˽⣬ֻ֪طǰǴڣһֱΪ缫֮Ϊĵط
֪ˣһϵ䣬˵ͳȴˣͬΪϵΪ˵õǿߵĵͳ洫ϧǷս˵ء
תۼ䣬Ҳһκܳʱˣǰһʱ䣬뷨Աǰӻȥ֮ȴͻȻط˽֮ңòǳ㡣
Ƭ֮أȴΪĦ֮󣬾Ҳһ޼ʣôܹ֪Ħںδ˵ˡ
غһҲ̤˻ѩϣ֪ȥѰҵֻǰߡ
Ȼڷǰһֻ֮зѩХĵطȴǶȻضһɴ̶Ц
ƣˣ
ĦƶȻͣסԼĽŲӶ̧ͷɨһܣĦѾĸˡ
ɣĦ졣
ƻصѩϵغХʶҲܵƣ޷Էڵλá
Ƭ֮ڷǰʱؿ֣ҲõܵķѩӵܼһģӰ𽥵سڷѩ֮У΢˫Ӱĳ֮һɱϢ֣ԼƺҲܵӰ졣
ǰģһӰ˶ں֮£Ҳǻ̧ͷ¶ݣȴ÷ƶʱ㵲ѣ
⵽һžʲôӣûаòȫǻİ̺ۣһ˫۾ͳª֮⣬ӶǱϲ
Ħ죡ǾʲôôŪģ
ܳԾôҾάǧꡣ
෴ĦȴǺƽصֱŷƣָԼӵһζҵģҳţϵҵΪȻҲܾһĥ
㵽Ǿʲô£ΪλˣѲǵǸˣֺαִЩԹƻؿڵ
㲻ңһУ
ĦЦûΣЩ˶ˣˣǵûǷģˣҲҪǵ޷źӹұȻҪݻٵ
ȻˣҾɱ㣡
̤ǰһĦ졣
֮أҲİŮһôҶðɣܹܹһطĦƺǾ˴Ǳе˿ȥΪֲ
ƽüͷһѵǳ˵⣬˱ޱȣòǶ˰ɣ뵽һ㣬ƵɫǱóɱ֮⡣
ʲô£ԲŹǰһ
ģǸСӿɰȫĺܣǸطнƣҲǽȥ㱻̫ˣһƣһ֮ڣûн⿪ĻǸƾͻֱӵرݻһطʱǸСܱܲסɾ˵ˡ
ĦЦѣŷɱ֮Ҳ¶һ˷ܣΪϲǱ¶ɫ
˵ƵҲǲɵһʱûȻãһʱ䣿˵Լһ֮޷ɱĦĻôǸͬҲܹɥȪ
Ȼ˵ĻҲҪȥˣ
׽Ȼر˾˵ɱ⣬һ̣ڵû˿ıֱӵرƼΪˣĦûκεɫ仯


2966 մ۵飡
ԴʱƵƶȻرĦƽŷƣȴûκεס
ڵأΪβ
ĦĻȴ÷Ƶķ˲һΪʲô֪Լ飡
辪ȣƶֻศ֮²ŻǱѹǸ϶Ҳƾ˵ΪܹѹƶĦ쿴ŷƵڵ飬ҶԣҲһСջ󡣡
΢˫ȴͷһ￴֪٣ѵԼ˴̽ôԼڵȷӵ飬٣Ħƺ֪ҪԼϵõ顣
Ҳ˵ˣĦӵ飡
Ҳ飿
·ɫֱĦ죬ӵĻôԼԣͬҲʮֵҪ
ÿһ鶼һֽȻͬԸһ˲ûѰҵİ취ǷȴǻԵɺ֮ˣͬģֻԵĻȻҲǿ
ĦЦЦǵȲҲ̶õòЦݣȥΪֲԼƣƬ֮۳һڰĹââ𽥵ػûһȭͷСӣ
ӵʱ򣬷׽֮ڵ鴫쳣ĲȻǲôǿңѰһ飬Լڵ飬ֱӵرˡ
ǰһĻ÷ɡ
ĦеӿȥƺСһֻɫһڵɫĦеȷǺɫ͸¶һֹŹֵĲ
飬Ҳ
Ħ쿴Լе飬ɵǻ㱵Ƭֱ֮ŷơ
ϵ飬ҿԲɱ㡣
ǿƵĦ죬غһҲЦǰܹɱҡ
֮Уһֱǲ²ţĦеӵô£飬Լĸоƺֲǣ֮
ÿһ鶼̺һرȻ֪Ħָε
Ǿɱ㣬Լȡ
Ħ쿴ƾܾˣҲ͵ŭһ˫͵غʮе鶸ȻػĺɫâȻâ֮ʣȴǰһֱϢ
ﱾǼ֮أżۻķѩõ¶ȱʮֵؿ£ǴʱĦе鱬Ȼ÷ƲһָΪ¶ȡ
ͬ궼Աһ㣡
׽ô˵Ϥƶ
Եģƶȱ֮Ҳ˵ƶģ
ǲǺϤĦЦѵصϷںͷأ
£Ħ֮䣬һͬʱϵĲʺһĺɫ͵ظֶżѩһɫıԵøΪ죡
Ʋд󣬵ҲǼоԴһεս
Ҫ֪һԵĿĦ죬ǣ飬˭ֻһܹ뿪ż
ڷƸоֵľǣŪԷǿŹ飬̺ǺεϾȶԼҲӵ飬֪ÿһ飬һ
һСģǳпܾҵҲ˵
Ƭ֮£ĦϢҲǸоһּԺĸоھ֮ϣĦ޵ؽӽ񽫾ĸȻĦҲԼ
˫͵ŭɣ˫ֲϵؽӡֱӵر۳һƬ貵ľɫâһƬƬĻºܿرǵֵסһɫâ
ɫķѩ֮أɫâ貱ռһƬ񷣬Ϊ׳ۣļž
ԼĪƬ֮ĦһҲջԼΪ֮Բʮĵ򣬶һֵĺɫ
Ǹһɫ貵âЩɫͬƮѩһ£˷ƱǱЩɫâϵʴޡ
غһĦ죬ƺҲԼز²⵽ˣ鸳ĦǺεȵ

Ħе鸳ǣսһ÷Ʋ뵽ƶҲǴһֶѡ
Ҳ÷棬Ӵǲӵд


2967 ֮
ȻʱĦɢſµĺڰϢͬһ㣬µϵϵѩܵС
ֵľɫâʱͬһ׵Ĵڣ׵صһεͬʱڵ֮飬Ҳǳ׵رòƽ
ͬܵĳָһ㣬׵ر
оԷĦҲǽɵ¶һ̰ɫ
飡Ǵ֮
Ħ췢Цݣһʱ֮䣬ƱøΪĺڰϢͬڤ֮һ㣬ϵضŷƷ˿µĹơ
غһҲȫԸǰĦ죬ȡڼ̵ʱ֮ڣ׵ػĦ죬ĻڵĴ֮ؾͻǱΣˡ
߾
һŭĦ˫ֺʮһӡᣬȻ֮£ǰƵĺڰϢѸٵ۶һ޴ķ
ȥӴȻȻǷ
ñķѹ㣡
Ħ췢ɭЦǧǰķıһɣȻĦ쾭ǧĴķȻǱøΪǿ
Ħǿһķ׵ص
һķֱ֣ӵؽڷƵͷϣȴܵͣ٣
Ǻ᲻ɴݣǵȴǱһȭסˣһû˿ĳɣһķϵ˺ƺǸֵ˷Ƶһ
ôܣ
Ħ׽ķΣΪǺɣٱԼǧ꣬ǱøΪǿȻ·ȴܹһȭˣ
ԣǱˣһȭӡ
ķ֮һȭӡĦпν˾κˣǳ֮УȻ˿ǿᣬƾ֮ķ˵ӡ
Ƴһ˲䣬Ǵ߶˿˵ƱøΪظ̤ͣǰһȭķ֮ҲŭĿעĦ죬һ̶Ȼʧԭء
Ħ쵱裬ֱӵ˺󣬲ƵϢѸٵ۶һ㵴ŲƣǿһӡҪɳȥķǿеصͷѹȥ
Ȼȴ˿壬ķͬҲһǳɣһȭ͵ػ
һ쳹ǷȭͷķϣķڿУ޷ټǰ
Ħ˫ŭɣҪ߶ķѹȻȴû˿ӣȻǺķΣһǧ
һȭһȭغķ֮ϣշƴʱȣȥƺҪӲغķ
һĻĦҲǲķıǱغˣԼҲһЩɣǲܹǻȥķ
һڰâȻٶȱĦҲŭһķ΢΢ͣһ£͵صת£ڶŷƣһڰĹâϵƶ
ˣ
Ҳããڰâһ֮ϵɢķбһɼΪǿڵתֱӵرǶ׼˷ƣͬ죡
ɫ΢΢ر࣬˫͵̤ڰ֮УûκεĶҡһķʱ˿̣ڵ֮Ҳǰ಻סˣǿƵس֣ɫâڰâϵؿ⡣
ɱ
ĦŭһݶķǱüΪؿֲûκεĳɣҲ˲ϵػµããڰϢͬһ㣬ΧһУ˲ϵ
ĦıȻȲһЩԶŵͨ飬ȻҲǲСӡ
һķͬһ㣬ϵ۶µȻǷƣܿҲǲԾˡ
Ĺȴûֹͣ˫ȭ֮䣬ϵһ˵Ŀͬʱߵһ㣬ݺݵػȥɫâϵطţЯſµĻ֮
ȫ֣ûа㱣Ǵ߶ʱпܱ屶սȻĦȴҲǽƻúܣƺ֪Ƶ˫Ҳķǣƣûн
꣡
Ƭ֮Ħ춸ȻһѪֱӵķ֮ϣȻ֮£ķ΢زţɢâڰЯ˿˿ѪâһɸΪ


2968 ǧ
ĦһھѪķ֮ϣķѣΪؾˣ
һǿ֮Ǵķ֮бŴķ֮ڰϢȥΪֲͬһڶɢױȵ
΢΢üͷ֮£ˣԼ岻֪ؿʼǰҡţⲢⲻˣǴķĺڰϢΪֲ
ķ죡
ĦޱȣǱһĨѪҲ˫һŹֵӡķȻѣҲ΢һȻǽ˶˽ȥ
£׽޷ܵƣķ֮бӦֱӵرķ֮ڡ
ŷƵ屻ķУĦҲЦѣķһԳһ磬ȻֻҪǷƱ˽ȥĻôҲӲָɽ
Щķ֮ϵǿߣɲ١
ķɽȥ֮󣬶Ȼת˹ĦӡҲǻԼڵһ飬طе˶֮ϣâ貵ʢŶͬһգ
ĳ֣һ̣ķҲͨرɫâţĦҲĬĬش߶ķҪƾķֱӵƣ
ֻҪ˷ƣôϵ飬Ȼǹˣ飬Ħ֪Ĳ̺֮࣬øǿ
ʱĦֻŽ񽫾ȻֻҪһܹ񽫾Ȼڵ飬ԣ
ʱ˿̣ƳһܶǺڰ統Уֲָ̧ͷȴǿϷ¶һĨâڹâ룬һźɫâ
顭
Ҳ΢˫˲˹⵽ô£ʼǴܣҪһ⵽ǸʲôطȻֲָڻҲõüͷ
ˣ
һռȻķüͷܵȴȴǸܵˣܵ¶ȣȴǼͬһֿĻڷţ
˲䣬ƾ˹ʱķĿռ֮УԼͷģȻķĶڣĦķƺҪԼ
뵽Ҳ˼Լʱܹܵ¶ڲϵҲǿʼӦǿеش߶Լڵ飬Ǽ䣬Ǹһɫâ
ͬʱͬһʱĦҲɫһͨķܵһɸΪ
飡ô˵ǿ󣿡
ĦصҲ͵뵽ˣ˵Ƶϣֹһ飡ȻĻ飬ǲ˵ǿң
뵽Ħ¶ЦݸΪɭԣǻ£ڴķ֮ڣͬһ㣬ϵ飬ȻҲǹԼˡ
ĦԣϵԽ࣬ȻԽãΪ󣬶ǹģ
ɣ㣬ϵҰɣҾܹ񽫾ĦصȻĬĬش߶ķͼǿƣ
ʱķ֮ڣƾԼŶɫâҲǳûԼڵĻˣķ֮ڣȻȫǻ棡
ڵĻ棬Ϣطһǿҵ¶ȣǷҲǸо㵲ѡ
Ҫңûô򵥡
·ҲЦһܣķ֮ڵĿռ䣬Գһ磬𼶱ֶܹΣ뵽ˣԳһĿռ䣬ȥȻȶʵϣֻҪռ仹Ҫǿܹƿķˣ
һǧ
غһڵԶתȻǲҪη壬ɨһܣĬĬת˿һΣҪһƵķ
ķĦıֻҪǴݻķǾǿԽĦ׵ؽܹǸĦشˣ
Ǽ䣬͵˫֮Ҳ𽥵سһɫâػԼȭͷʱŷƵı仯ڵҲһ˲رÿ

һһصȭͷֳһɫâڵȼΪµĲ֮£ķҲǿʼ˾ҵĲ
뷴£ĦҲǲ˲Ծ±ŭȵ


2969 ѹ
Ħõķ棬ٶǱһΪ֮𺳵벻ףΪηܹͻȻرȾ˵ȫǳԼϵС
ķ֮ڣȫһ㣬һȭֱӵغ
ûйֱӵһȭǺԼĽ£
ɫĹâһӵرֱӵ̻ͬһѤñķȻؾҲǼ䣬ڰĿռ䣬һӱǱǿҵĹâ׵ؽڰеĻֱӵشɢ
ȭףĦʱȴɫ͵һ䣬³һѪ¶һŵɫ
һ̣ķȻͣһ£͵أһɫĹâʼ𽥵شķ֮͸ɫâĳ֣ķʼ𽥵زѺۣ
ʱҪֱӵһ㣡
ķĳѺۣĦҲܵһǰδеΣУΪķıڤڤ֮һֲĥϵŷƵͬҲܵ˷ɡ
ܣ
Ħ˫¶𾪵ɫʵ̫ˣƵȻƿķһΪֱӵطʽ
Ħԣôţܹӵǳ֮£ֱǷ˼ķǺɣҾĶƣͬȼǿߣǾûƵķģ
ǡǱ𾳸Ϊһ
ôܣĪǷѾǸǿˣĻôĦѰ·
꣡
ķ֮ϣϵ鸡ֳɫâѺ۵ķǳܲסǼ䣬в֪õķҲ֧飡
ķһ˲䣬˵αǴķ֮Ħܵ˷ɣԪʱˣ
ͻƳķ֮˫עĦ죬Ҳ΢΢һĨЦ̤ӰȻʧԭأֱӵرǳĦ죡
һĻĦһΣУҲǺֱӵؾתӣ
ûĦȻתӣǰ˲һʱֺӷƵϣһвУͬ԰ɱҪӡ
ûĦڣҲû
ĦתӣҲҡҡͷܣǵÿʹУ
΢΢̧𣬵¿һĦһĺɫ飬΢΢һҲֱӵؾǻִһɫֱӵؾǰסһҪһӵĺɫ顣

ĦҲǷһҽܵõԼڵĺɫ飬ǿжϵҲ˵һ̿ʼһǲˣ
Ħ첻һͷСҪֱӵؾͷҲصܵˣżѩ裬ĦٶǲֱӵʧѩС
üͷǷ˼׷ɱȥڶԣڰǵУԼҪȥ׷Ħ죬һʱ׷ϣҵȴԼĻһ⣬Ǿȥż֮ؽ
Ħż֮ز˽ƣʱ֮ڣûгĻô¾ͱΣˡ
Լĺڰ飬ҲǲҴ⣬ȫԼڵ۳һɫâǽڰţȻܿ죬ƾǲı仯
Լڵɫâ֮£ͬǽ˴һ㣬ڰ֮ϵĺɫȻ
һĻҲе㲻ףΪǳΪĪǾʲôõ鷢˱Ȱһô
ϧˣûа취סĦ죬Ļһܹ׷һ
صҲ֪Լʱ䲻࣬ȵҪǾѰҵĴӴ֮أĻһжǰ̸
·ƽҲ˫һӡֱӵԼ֮ڵһźڰţϾ޷˽õڰ֮ϻ᲻ǴһЩΪ֪顣
֮󣬷ҲǽӡȻѰڵĴ֮أںڰ飬ֻǴպ˽
һε鷢֣Ҳ֪ˣ鲢ǶһģĿǰúڰ飬ˡ
֮󣬷Ҳ΢΢̧ͷȫǷѩӣҪֻ֮£ѰҵĻҪѵĹǳض࣬ʱ˸Ͻ֮⡣
ң
·ҲصֻѩС


2970 ֮
һʱ䣬࣬Ħ콻սԼĪǻ˴ʱ䣬Ƶʱǳؽ
żշѩûаҹ֣֮˱żʱĹͱòҪˡ
ƿһֱǵʱȥ˶٣ڱĴѰڵĴ֮أˣԼƺǸ֪ںδ̸Ѱҵ
ӦôסĦ죬ʳ֮صλá
ƴʱҲصĿܣһƬããɫȴûκεͬͷӬһ㣬ѰҲԼķ
ʱ޶ˣҲͣ˽ŲҪú˼һȻĻäĿȥԼⱲҲûлѰҵõڵĴ֮ء
˫΢΢ţȻƬ֮ԺȻһ⣬ͻȻˣĦղֵĵطƺֵûɡ
ڵĴ֮أ֪û׷ʣΪһʱϹģ뵽ˣ̵Ϊ
棬Ȼǿߣ̫ԶҲ˵ڵĴ֮أڲԶ
ԼղĦλãƺҲԼ˱ûãԲɺϣ
֮󣬾Ħֶκεȵͨ죬ȻҲǲܵһʱ֮ѰҵԼţԭҲڸ
ĦǸڵĴ֮ز˽ƣȻҲˣղųֵǸطӦڵĴ֮ؾ벻Զ
뵽һ㣬ǰһһԴһԼǰôûõأԾڸ
£Ʋ룬Ƿأҵһ·ǰѰ֮ʣԼӡǣΪһ·ãϾ֮УѩҪʧ򣬿ҲǼΪѡ
ԼĪʱ֮󣬷ٶȷص˽ڵķ򣬴ʱһƬطǲղ˽սɵͬһľȫǱŨķѩš
Լ¶ĺɫƬϡظоǾһսЩƬȻķƬ
˽ƻܣǰʱĹ򣬾ѾǱѩǣɼĿ֮ˡ
һϵģȻȵطԼĴС
Ҳǵ̾һΪ֤ʵԼĲ룬ȻҪһЩ飬ǾǸӦ
ڵĴ֮أȻޱȣĦ˵һƣһ֮޷⿪ǸƣôǸ̺֮ͻõڵĴ֮طԶ޷
Ħ첼µĽƣȻĴڡ
صҲ뵽ˣԼƺӦôȥѰˡ
΢΢ر˫Ƶʶ͵ɢ鲼ԲĦϤޱȣֻҪԼƶϲĻôȻǿѰҵõ
Ȼȴǵ͹ĦֶΣ˵ǶĽƣ׵÷õ
һĻƸѰҲκε²ɵǽüͷĪԼƶϴ󣿵ǰԣӦþġ
ҲǸӦκεĴڣغһ˫һ£ֱӵػ˴Ħȡһ顣
ʱ÷ƸоΪǣԭڰ飬ھȻ𽥵ر࣬ͨɫ飬Լؿȥ͸֮⣬ͬھ˷Ƶϴ֮ͬǷԼɱһ㡣
ܰﵽô
صҲ̾һ
һĻȴǳˣȴ΢زһ£ǿʼ£ƺ˵ʲôһ㡣
ȱ仯Ҳ׽ﾪ㵲ѣĪǿ԰Լ
鱾֮ͨ飬ҲǲΪ档
΢΢˼һ֮Ҳǽ⿪ĽƣжĦ֮ϵҲǸܹܵ
ŽƵؽҲǻתһ£ƺǱĳ˼
ƿ飬ֻǰϣ֮ϣţǻתţƮǰͻȻͣһ£
һĻ׽Ȼ㣡
غһаϲȻѰ鲻һ㣬ȻܹԣӦָԼ֮ء
İ֮£ԼѰҵڵĵطôͻࡣ


2971 
úڰķӦָܿ⸽һطͣ⴦طҲ΢΢һ㶣һܣȻǷѩ죬ȴǿһ˿ѰĶ
⸽е֣Ȼǰе㰼͹ȥһǷ֣Ȼһ
ǵģֻķѩ׽һˮסϸعۿǲע⵽һȻȴͣĪ˵棿
λϵĴ֮أ·
ʱǿźڰҲ΢زһ£ƺƱĳ˼룬·Ҳǵ˵ͷٶǽڰӴŶǸӡ
Ϊõϴ֮£źڰ飬𽥵طɱ䣬̺ĺڰ˲٣ȥĻȻò˶ãͻǻָԭģ
Ǹʱ򣬷ȻҲܹ֪⵽ǵڼ飬Ǵ˽⵽鵽ǾʲôȻܹӰ쵽ģҪעġ
һֱ鶼ΪյĵƣȻܹӰ쵽պǸʱ̵飬ȻҲûκεá
£ǰҲüͷĸ֪֮УǰͻȻضһε赲ȥ·Ȼ²ûĻӦþĦĽ֮һ
΢΢Լ˫ҲǿʼӦƣͼ⿪ƣܿ˫֮¶һĨء
ܵĽƣ⣬ƺ·ıϵһǿƵĻ½һЩķӦڱܴеĵط
ǿн⿪ĻǻᲨ棬ϾĴ֮أȻһЩԼֶȻĦƱҲǷǳһ㣬ԲŻôһơ
ǴǿƽĻʱ⴫֮صĽƣͻǳ׵رȻҲûгĿܣҲȥ
ĦȻǹ
ҲҧŭҲ˼ܹ⿪ƣϾʱɾĲ࣬ȻĿǰҪľǣΰȻؽ⿪ƣ
ʱزŶȥҲǳ취֣ǽⲻƣһǿƿôǺ룡
Ȼʱ򣬷ͻȻĦģôĦԺڰ飬֮£ٻڰ飬ͼæԼ⿪ƣ
ôû뵽ء
Ҳ͵ԼԴҲٶٻźڰ飬ָָǰıʼʾԼûκΰ취
Ȼźڰ鵹ҲΪͨ飬֪˷ƵΪ֮Ҳ˱ϷתţϿʼǲϵһ΢ĺɫâ
źڰıǻܿģ޵ĿռǶȻط˱仯һ磬ǳ˷Ƶǰ
Щĳ֣Ҳ̲סһĦȻĺƵĸ֮ߣȫǳԼ֮УղԼǿн⿪Ļ˵ƻƣ½֮Ҳһػ
ĦǲԼĻᣬԼĦ죬Ҳǽⲻƣ
վûĦ֮ǰȷǷƵĶ֣ǿ֮û뵽Լڵ飬ȴǱȻҪ⿪ƵĻϵ飬ǹؼ
Щ粻ϵسֶ黺תţͷųԼЩ翪ʼ
ƿһĻҲǲɵ΢΢һЦҪģΪЩȻƵҲǿʼֱҪȴƬ̣ܹ֮У
סеļܿģǰһƬƱǿʼ𽥵󣬷ǸоЩƵĴڣȻǣڱķѩʼ𽥵ܽ

һˮӿҲǳ˷ƵĶߣǣΪµĵ£
һ˲䣬ƽһ궼Ҫĸоһ£ڵǳ׵ת֮ϳһɫâǸЩ͸ı䣡
ⲻĴ֮ءƻ˫ҲһһصĴ֮أǲΨһĽͣǾ񽫾ǿµĴУ飡


2972 ֮أ
뵽Ҳһؾκˣû뵽ȻǵĴ֮أ񽫾ǿµĴУҲܹͣΪʲôһνܴл֮á
Ѱ𣬿ҲͣΨ񽫾ǿߣ龳ǿߣܹ㳤ʱĴС
ʱĽѾǽ⿪ĦµĽƳ׵ɢҲ𽥵¶ԭĿ˿˿İӺ֮ڶ
Щ̵ķѩʱ˿̣ȴǶȻڻˣڷǰԲıѩһ̣׵ر̮𽥵¶һ޴ĺɫıƶںվŵķƣǸоһı
غһҲעǰƬ⿪ƵıʶǸܵõԭеĽƣĦµĽһʧˡ
ǿؽУǣν棿
ѵֱӵȥ뵽̲סǴһı¶֮£ֱӵȥǱЩϢֱӵرһ
üͷҲǶ£ƬܿǷ˲ԾĵطɫƵĺ֮ϣһ㵭Ŀռ䲨ȻΪСȴǱƳɹز׽
һƿռ䲨ʱʱ֣ϸ۲Ļǲ಻
Īǡ滹пռƣ
·Ҳ˼̱ǻɢԼڵĿռ֮ȻƬ֮Ǹܵһ޵Ŀռ䲨
˫˼ȥƺҲֻǿԼС
ҡ
Ҳа˿ռ䲨ڵĵطҲǳȵսȭͷһֱӵһȭȥ
飡
һ죬ȻشƬֱӵһֿµɫֱӵռƬռ䣬Ȼʱ򣬷ȷ˫һԾ
ûֱӵУ
һƬĿռƣƲ޷ǿн⿪ƻĻǳ׵طͬҲǷƲ뿴ġ
ǻһַǾǶݵռƳѺۣӶԼԽУ
ھԼڵĿռ䷨õĿռƣ˶ݵĿȱнĻᣡ
һԾ֮䣬Ҳǲһͨĸоӭ֮ڵѪҺһǱĸо
ǿнҧأ·ֳһ־ɫâ壬ǽ˲Ϣ͸ԼıϢ׵飬̣ҲܵܵĿռŤ
֪ǹ˶ãʧصĸо𽥵ʧȻ͵صڵϣǻ˫
ܵƲɵ΢΢ɴԼף⡭ֱţԽǰġ
ھں֮£ȻȴûиоˮӿͷϷһ㿴ˮϣ׵ظȻǵ˱䳹ǵϢɴڡ
ͨ͸ˮϣҲǿ˺棬һ㵴ĺ棬ʱ鸡֣һУԵ
һǿߣŪֶΰ
΢΢̾Ҳǿʼ˫ռһУƬ֮ǻ˫ɫأ²ûⲢǿߵ֮أ
Ϲʱڣһ龳ǿߵ֮أӵһ龳ǿߵĴУ
뵽Ҳе΢΢龳ǿߣҲֻǿ֮һ˶ѣȻ֮ɵͨε֮ǿԴп龳ǿߵǿ֮Բء
ǿ˵龳ǿǰһϣ˵϶㲻ϣ
һ龳ǿߵĴ֮أȻϢһǴ磬»ٵѪȷ磡ҵǣû֪Ħ춼ǲ²ⲻȻһ龳ǿߵĴ֮ء
֪ˣ»ǲϧһдҲҪжȡУ
龳ĴУⱾǳջ󣬷ƺ֮ɵԼĴв࣬ȴԼĸһΣǽ⿪Ѫ
ɴ˿Կһ龳ǿߣҲ˵龳Ĵ֮أҲһ컯̾ҲΪ˵ѹǶδϢ½龳ǿߵĴУҲ֮£ڵҲܹ⡣
⣬Ѱҵ


2973 أ
ȻƼɨһܣǷǰһĽͨ͸ͬһˮһ㣬תĪ޵ǿȻһĵط
ˮ
֮ǰһ棬֣ͨƺǺεȵط
ֵ˼ˮ΢΢һЦˮĴǽţҪǰ̤ǰһƿţȻŸո̤ǰһ衣
ಣ
ƿȻظ֣ͷҲᣬż棬صˣһľ룬ȻղڵĵطȴǶìֱӵزס
ˮĽƣ
΢΢üͷҲǸһĨǡ
Ȼ˲ϢĹìֱӵػһ̲ˮڵ֮ϣɢţͬûгֹһ㡣
ˮأһɽڣ
ʱһȴǶȻظ˷ƵĶߣõ÷ɫȻط˱仯¶һ־ɫ
ˣ
΢΢һͬʱɨһܣȴûʲô֣ҲǱȭǰˮػһƣ˴ǰʵðΪѰ˶ѡ
ҲԼ²⣬ӦþˮػߣͬǵһĽɫ
ЩϹǿߣҲû˿Ĳ
꣬ûҪѰҵˣ뿪³
һؾܾ˷ƵҪ󣬵Ҳֱӵ÷뿪
ǰµӣǰǰһ棬ȥ˫ֱȭˣҲû˿Ĳ
˵ûҪҵˣαֿԣٲߣҿɲˣ
һ˵ر䣬ûаУǷȴҲоԷĴڣͬˮΪһ塣
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ҪߣȻǲܵģΪѰûԲ׵뿪
ǰˣ
غһƬ֮Ҳ͵̤ǰһֱˮȥ
ȻѰ·Ҳ㣡
ǵȻȻƬ֮ٶǴ˵ƿüͷҲǽżڵϣ˵һӱԲ²ֱŶȥ
ಣ
ƿȻشƬ֮󣬷ͷҲأֱӵزЩƿϮ壡
Ÿղһ㣬ЩϮǵìһڷƵĿ֮£ˣϵڵϣǿõЩìֱӵػ˱мɢһء
Ҳ΢΢ƾֶΣҪԼˮĻδǰԼ̫ˡ
еˣ龳ǿߵĴ֮أֶΣô˵ùȥ
ûע⵽ǣЩɢڵϵıмˮһεˮȴǲûɢٶЩˮ֮󣬲ϵطţûһΣ
ȻʱҲͷۿ֮ʣȴǶȻط֣ˮӰ͵ԼϮ
ʲôһ
׽ȻһȭغȥǿȭǱˮӰϣǹǣȭֱӵش͸ǵ壬Ƭ֮ٶںһ
ûжͷ̱۷˺ЩˮӰһľ룬üͷҲǽ壬Щɶʲô
һ̣ΪǣƾձıìʱҲǵУΪеıȥΪ죡
Ҫˮԣܱ֮ͿԽȥˡһΣһȴ÷ǰһֻҪǰЩһͿԽô
£ɫҲ𽥵رЩ֮һ߸ˣȻжбìͬǿһ㣬Щ֮ͲǻˣĳݶĿܣ
ΪҪǣղŵ⽻֣ƺ֪ˣЩһԼĹʲôǶǿԼĹ͸Լ壬ӶǴκε˺
ˮ֮Ǳ
૵صҲˮϵռ壬ֻҪᵽһ㣬ܹᵽķǰЩˮӰ˵Ǳ֮һ֣Ȼʱȥͬˮһ㣬ʵϣҲţЩһɶת̬
ͬˮһܹͬһļ̣
¿ɼˣ߸
ֹŵǰ߸һȻǲôΪûҵǿԹǵİ취ѰֶΣûκЧ


2974 ͨأ
Щ֮ҲǽüͷԼûκЧֱӵؾǱ͸ȥ
ȻҲǳԹԼŹһ̣ܿ죬ͬȭͷҲֱӵش͸ȥֱӵЩ֮ϣЩ嶸ȻرԼȭͷͬǴҺһ㡣
Ȼһ̣Щ֮嶸ȻرüӲޱȣֱӵرǳΪ޼᲻ݵı飡
һȭըԷƴʱҲǲò˱ᣡ
һ֮󣬷˺üͷЩ֮ƺûа취κεĹֶΣҲ𲻵κã
غһǰһĻǱе㼬޷ͨЩ֮͸ûа취ˮ֮ڣ˵Ҫ
뿪ٲ뿪´οɾͲˣ
ǵӰǵǵȱ쳹ˮȴһֱδκӰĳ֡
ûлشǰߵֻ֣֮ҪԼ뿪һķΧЩ֮ǲعԼ
ֻԼŵķΧŻֳ
ҪôܹǻЩ֮
ҲüͷЩ֮ޱȣǶǳ֣ΪԼĹǽЧΪͷ۵֮һ
ƿʼ΢΢ر˫ڿţЩ֮ҪôԸͻȻ֮䣬ԺǸһ⣡
Щ֮תһ˲䣬ڻǳһϯλȻǺϸ΢ɷƵĸоǿжϵó
ĪЩ쳣
ţҲٴӡ֤ԼжϣٶǶЩ֣֮ûκε飬ֱӵز׽Щ֮תһ˲Ĳ
Ȼ̽һ˲䣬Ȼǲ׽ˣȴû㹻ķӦȥֹҲֱӵؾͱٶȱˣ
غһ˼֮Уղһ˲תԼӦʹԼȥж֮ϵĻǿ赲Щ֮жϡ
ֻҪܹж֮жϣֻҪ赲תԼܹǣΪƳԹü̵ʱֻҪԼ߶ĻԻǾԿƵЩ֮ķ
ңһǴ߶˿ƵǻᶸȻرֱӵ޽ӽ񽫾ʵԸЩ֮ҲǴ´ࡣ
ûκεĳɣٶһǶ֣Ӱͬǹһرһȭͷ֮УҲ̺żΪֲǱɹ
ڿЩ֮һ˲䣬Ƶǳֳһ־ɫâȻڽЩ֮һ˲䣬ԼڵǴ֮ǶȻر
һ˲䣬Щԭɫı֮³žɫâȻһ˲䣬Ҳ㹻ˣǱܷӦЩ֮ת޼᲻ݵı̬֮
ʱ򣡡
׽ڵȣǵʱ򣡵ȴЩ֮ڵתһ˲䣬ԼǿԷ
䣡
͵һȭӳȭ羢ռ䶼˲ûκεĳɣһηƵȭͷݺݵЩ֮ϣ
ûгУͬڸ֮ϣ˵ͳ
䣡
ϣԼǰЩ֮һ˲䣬ҲֱӵرһȭƬ
ɹˣ
Ƶ˫±ǸһĨϲɫȻʱȷǶȻظܵһӴı֣֮һ񣬷Ʊˡ
˵ͬڵһط˺ʮײסȼҲЩѪȴ¶˷ܵɫ
ΪѰҵԸЩ֮İ취ˡ
Ƥ˶ѡƺܿҲٶȵվԼҲ¶һĨŵЦݡ
Ȼһ̣ٶȵǳ֣Ѱҵһ֮Ű취̵һһؽЩ֮
ԼĪǰʱ֮󣬷Ҳǽǰ֮׺飬Ϊһˮ
ƱҲǳŲٵĹϾЩ֮Ĺͣ˵𾳵ǿһƴ
ǿеѹԼڷѪҲ˫ֱȭˮǰѾǽЩ֮Ƿܹҽˣ
ȻһƬ֮ǵǻػš
ȻѾͨ˿飬ǾɣǶɧĴй̣һǲϧһдۣҪɱ㣡
΢΢һЦҲǰɷģ


2975 ռ
£Ҳǽˮ֮Уǳˮţǻش򿪡
ڴŴ򿪵һ˲䣬һֲɣϢһ̤ȥʱˮ֮ڵ龰ӳ
ǰһƬͨͨıɵһأûκװΣ۲һƬĵãȻȷһܣЩǱɣԼղı֮һģһ
ԼĪȥԼȻڷ̤ˮһ˲䣬Щ֮Ӧһ㣬ʱƱǸܵһļµĸоٸ֮ͬһʱѡ
ȻһЩ֮ûǶԷƳ֣ĻļµĸоһţȻڴʱ̧ͷЩ֮վλƺе֡
Լһ󷨣Ȼ룬ȴһٻӰڣȻ
ǰˣЩ֮ǹ㡣
ȻڷҪ̤ǰһʱǵȻرǸֹ֣˷ƵľٶȻƴʱȴȻתԼȴǶһģӰ
ǰǰ
Ҳ˫ֱȭصǿԺظܵóǰӰϢ磬Ӧ񽫾ǿߡ
Ϧˮ񽫡
һӰޱȣƺ˾û˿ĸ顣
Ϧˮ񽫡
аȻˣǰһȻ񽫾һԶʱڻǿߣĳ龳ǿߵ֮أͬԼ֮磬֮һ㡣
㲻ѰˣӵĴ
ȻʱǵӰƺҲ̧ͷŷƵȻڷƵϲһЩʲô
΢΢˼һ£Ҳǻشһõ֮ɵĴС
Ŷԭ޴ˣѹ֡
Ϧˮƺʶ֮ɣҲȻص
ƴʱϣɵüͷΪڲõϣȻһֶصţƺûκѹļ
Ҫ֪ǺܾˣԣܴУôҪ㳤õʱ䣿
ǺˣʱϦˮҲʵ
ӡƽصŴʱ״̬ҲüͷĪз˺ε£
ڽܱ֮ɵĴУҪʱ䡣ϦˮҲǻش
ܴвǰ˰ɣôҪ֮ãҲǲʵŰʱ䣬Ȼ龳ǿߵĴУҲҪ㳤ʱ䡣
Ϊ⣬Ϊľ̫͡ϦˮҲǻػشʱΪֻʥ۷ˮ׼Ȼ֮ɵĴУ޷Ϊһʥ׵ܴС
ʱ֮ڣһֱȻʵϦˮ˵ʵôҲܹ⣬Ͼһʥ׵ȥӴΪµɾ
ôܹܱϵķ򴫳Уƶ˶٣ʵ
ű֮ϵ˵Ǳ֮ɵתϦˮƽص˰վصԼĴС
ǡΪ֮ɣüͷʱǽȻǱ֮ɵת
ɲһϢڽܱ֮ɵĴ֮£Ǳ֮ɵתô׾뵽һĴУͻɱΪı֮ɡ
ôܡ
ϦˮҲǿŷƣƺǿ˷еĹǣһֱɫҲ¶һֵЦ⣬Ϲʱڵڶ飬޷ı䣬̹֣Դͨתʱ䣬ٶȻصϣĻתҲǸ
Ǳ֮һתɣϸԣҲı֮ɡ
˵ʱһȥҲֻǽУǳΪת֮ġ
ʱ䣬ѹҲʱˣҵҲ棬ܹõ洫Ϧˮ񽫴ʱҲ̾ص
ƳĬԣ˵ÿ˶ÿ˵ļҶԣܹܵٴУ㵹û̫ҪҪģֻȫӡ
Ͼ龳ǿߵĴУ˵ҪҪģǳɹؽܵ˴УҪеķҲһĳ̶ȣǱʵ״̬֮£ǿнȴУҲðΣա
Ȼʱˮ֮ȴͻȻһһµЩ֮


2976 ѣ𼶵
ˣ
Ȼ·ҲͶһϲ񣬲ɵǿЩı֮
ƺҪˡϦˮҲǵ˵ͷ棬ʱ䣬ǡþܹܴѹʱ
ʱˮ֮ڣıϵ򲻶ϵرЩ֮һ˲ػ˹һ㣬ƣҲǼΪؾˡ
ʱ򣬴ڱ֮һӰʱȴǻڷƵؿһӰϵıмڲϵص
Ҫѹļ
ƴʱҲ̧ͷһϦˮ񽫵˴ѹܹǵʲô
Ȼת֮վǱˣܵĴ˶죬ô˵ҲԵ𾳰ɡ
ԣҲΪ㵣ȻܹҪ֪ûн⴫֮صʱʥ׵սȻܹ𾳣ʵ̫˼ˡ
ģڵѪҲˣԳΪĻҪ̫Ĺ򡣡
Ϧˮ񽫻ؽ͵ԶԣҲ赣ľǷǲȹ̣⴫֮Ҳаʱ⣬һֱǾϵϴ衣
ҲǷһʯͷԣֻҪû£ô㹻ˡ
ܹΪ𣬵Ҳ֮¡
Ƭ֮ϳһм𽥵ؾص¶ԭòʱδЦò΢΢شһ
Щ꣬һŬţ෴Ҳһڳɳ
ԼĪǰʱ֮ǻ˫ѣˮ֮ҲǶʱ֮䣬˰ıϵͬǷ籩һ㣬ϯˮ
ʱԶʱע⵽һͷ㷢ѾǾر˰ɫ˫֮УԼظһĨɫһַǳĸо
𽥵ˮϿ֮ʱ̯Լ˫֣Ǽ䣬ˮıϵ򣬶һӵӿ壬ͬǳΪ˷籩ۡ
һĻ̲סǵһıϵһӵؽ壬ܹǳܵıϵ
赣ģⱾʲôΣ
Ϧˮ񽫴ʱҲƳһ۷ƣƳ˼Ҳƽص
˵ͷҲǿˣűϵĲӿ룬֮øӵؿֲԼԼ£
һĻҲǲɵ죬ǵõ龳ǿߵĴУҪˣΪһ죿ʱǳڹ
Ҫ֪յҲʥ׵ˮ׼Ȼʱ󣬶ԣѾӵܹ൱ʵˡ
ٶǹȥƬ֮ˮ֮ڵҲ𽥵ƽϢʱҲǻ˵֮ϡ
๫
Ȼѹһۣǿ˷ƣҲǲɵ¶ϲõɫ
ҡ
ҲЦеصʱδ䣬˰
ôҲˣе㾪ϲصҲǲ˴֮֮綼Ƿʲô¡
ףҵȻǿ󣡣
ȻƬ֮ҲǲԼΪƺǷ˷츲صı仯ɵǾ
ϲ㣬ǽ˱֮ɵĴУӦ𼶱Ϊ
ʱϦˮҲǻؿڵ
𡭡
ԼͻȻӵǿΪȻǷǳز
ɵѾͷѵøǿôҲǹһЦ
ԣ½ܹͻˣȻʱҲǶȻ˹أһһէġ
Щպ˵νܴǹȥˣڼȻҲǷ顣ЦŵҲȷͦģǶԣͬҲһʥ۷ߣѾɱΪĶǿߣ
Ϧˮ񽫣ǽĴôҲһϦˮ񽫡
ûܹܵģѾȫˣʣģܹ߶Զ͵ǿԼˡϦˮҲǵ˵ͷ뿪ˣסҪˮͷ
Ϧˮ񽫣һ뿪ôҲΪ㵵صԭΪӦ֮һ㣬˴оΪԼá
ڲһѣΣ޹أҵעˮϦˮҲǻ˻ֵһ˵£ЩϹͷͲҪˡ


2977 ط
ԣҲһ㵣ǿһϦˮʵĪ仹в龳ĴУ
Ϧˮ񽫳Ĭһ£Ҳǵ˵ͷҲϹ֮ս֮龳ǿߣֱԼĴУǱ֮ɣ֮ɵȵȡ
Ϧˮ˵̲סǵһ̲ס²ĻǾ̫ˣ統УϹʱڵǿߴС
Ѱ˻ЩеĻ㹻һˣ˵һЩΪǿߣǴ۾ǿߵõЩеĻͻܹΪһ
ңܹõ񽫾ǿߵʮֵĿ£
£Ҳ̲ס²⣬ЩǿߵĴһǱѰҵõֻĶ
ˡ
ʱϦˮҲǿһ۷ƣƺǿ룬ɵЦػߵϿɣ˵ĳλǿߵת֮Ѱ˸ûа취õЩС
ϵĵõ֮ɵĴУػߵϿɣûа취õ
ȻϦˮҲǲ²⵽ƶ޴е
Ϧˮ񽫵ĻƲǳ׵һõ㣬ÿһǿߵĴػػţ˭ҪȥܴжԵġ
Ϧˮ񽫣ܷʶһ⡣
ҲǱȭ
˵ϦˮȻҲڿɹؽ˴֮ʱǺϲϣɫ֮Ҳ˼Į
䣬֮սһжٸǿ˴С
ƺŪ⣬Ϊ֪ԣպ˵ǿЩ˴еˣͬ㣬ĳǿߵһתʸõЩС
֪֮ڣһʮλϦˮ񽫳ĬһҲǵÿǿ߶´Уһת֮ͬɣһƲл겢ûнת
ҲĬĬص˵ͷʵϵȷˣ֮ɵ겢ûнתһֱĬĬػ֮Լǵõ֮ĴУ֮ҲȼԼӹ˽ķӡ
߰ɣˮҲ֮ͬһ㣬⡣
ϦˮҲǰ˰֣
һۣҲĬĬ˫ֺʮ˳ˮ
ŷһ˳ˮȻʱҲĳ˻뿪ףطı
ŷ˵ȥƬǺţԭĺ棬ٶֱӵؾ۳һʵı㣬ٶǱסӶĽƣٶȽˮ
߰ɣδذ½ҲǺܹˡ΢΢һЦҲǶߵ
˵ͷʶ˷ƵĻ棬֪ҾȻǽܴл꣬Ҳʵ󡣡
ɽһգǧ꣬˵ôžƵҲ΢Цչʱ䣬Ƿ飬ΪİҲǾ䡣
úúø˵£ҵ˽£׶һЩʲô
Ҳ΢ЦǴ뿪һƬżһ·Ҳǽ鶼Ǹ
һΣûֱӵȥѰֻʵˣǴ˰½֮ٶȶԻص磬Ѱҵֻʡ
Ȼֻʵ˿ƽµعҲһ
ƣĦô
ֻʵҲѯʵһεıż֮УĦΪΡ
Ƶ˵ͷشĦ죬ֻˡ
ԣֻϹ˫¶һ㵵ɫʲô˼ĦĽ֣ȻռϷ磿
Ħ죬֮ͬǰǿܹЩԲǼѣһΣҲ˲ĥش΢΢һЦ뵽ǿźڰʱԼҲǶĦһֱۡ
ǸܵõĦֱ֮仯̶ܴϣŴʱԼǿźڰźܴĹϵǿԶ϶źڰ飬ýӽ˵Ħ췢̥ǵı仯
ǣźڰԼĦҲ޷۷ʵ˵ǻͼͻƵ񽫾Ҳ˵ʱֻʵȫǲõĦĴڡ
ĦȻĻˣָʲôʱֻǱĳΪ󻼡΢΢سһɱ⣬ԣвΣգҪɱ


2978 ѰĦ
ŷƵĻҲǵ˵ͷǶԣܹѰҵõĦ죬һؼ⡣
ĦѾǱش䲻ûκεѰҵĦ죬ԷƵһ޴ֵĸо
΢΢˳˼УĿǰĻԣһ취ܹѰҵõĦ졣
ǾĦϵĺڰ飬ѰĦĹؼ
ѰһĵطѰһĦ졣ҲǶֻʵ
ֻʵΪ죬û뵽ƾȻа취ѰҵõĦ죿ȻʱҲǲɣֱӵؾ֮ڣѰҵһĵطʹá
ȥطĹ̵УƿģȻȴΪûκιļ䣬ǼˣҲǵ˵ͷ˾
ֽҲֻϧһ£ĵͦģûбҪ
ڵڲһĶ֮ڣҲԼֲ˽ƣһеɧţҲͳһźڰ飬ʱؿǣźڰ𽥵رࡣ
νָԭĺڰ֮ɫ࣬ڷĴ֮£źڰ͸һĨɫҲԭģ
һĻҲ̲סֹ⵽ô£Ҳûʱȵȥ룬ϾԼܹȫؽϣܹ̽еɡ
̵УҲҪһʱ䣬֮аտڰ֮ѰҵõĦټܴԵɣΪĦûȫرжϡ
Ҳ˵źڰ֮ϣĦϢڣȻ΢ĦԼҲûвһ㣬ǷȴǷǳ֪Ϊ˽⣬κ˶Ǻ
ͨ飬ҲǷǳϣԴӷƳ֮ƺǸӦ˷ϵ飬һֳ̬
ֱ֣ԼҲûŪףԣһ£ΪҪǣӺڰ֮ϣѰҵĦټ
Ӻڰ֮ϵıȻĦµЩ죬Ȼǿƾһϸ΢ĺۼܹѰҵõĦټҪǿǼΪСġ
ĦҲߣ̵Уһ΢ĲͻǱõ
ȻһĦõĻôԶԣһεѰҾͻǺ塣
ҪĦ죬ɲһ׵飬ϾĦȻش𾳵ǿߡ
£΢΢ر˫΢΢ش߶Լڵһ貵ľɫâϵسֶе֮ϣ߶ػһط
Ǽ䣬ǽһ״̬Уʶǽ뵽һƬ嫵ǿյУΧǷǵ㣬ȻƵʶΪ嫵ǿյΪ貵һǳ
µ״̬֮УƵʶϵɢͼѰʲôȻǿ֮һʱѰҲҪѰҵõˡ
ʵµĺǳ󣬾ͬӴ磬ЩԶ˸Źâĵǳÿһ˵ֱ֮꣬࣬޷
Ҳǵڴ룬ҲûзͨеĺڰϵԼѰҳЩټֻЩټ޷ȷֻãã˺УϵϸѰš
غһȻȻǼȴûз֪ѰҵĦΨһԲܶϡ
Ȼ˴ķ֮嫵γɵУƲ֪ԼѰ˶ٵطǶȻ֮䣬е黺һ£ҲӦ
·ƵʶͣоڰķӦƺѰҵĦټȻԲ㷴Ӧ
£Ƶʶ΢΢ɢǸܵƺһɽ֣ӵǿǱţͬһ㣬Ȼ˵ĸоȴһ䣬ĵ
΢΢ظһ֮󣬷˲ջԼʶطԼ嵱УΪ֪ͬԼʶٶȥɣ
ǲܹĦǰ֮°ȻسԼʶ
ºԣˣ֪ĦĵطʲôȻڲ֪Ǻ͵ȵطô࣬ȵطӦΪƫ٣ѯһֻʵˡ
ֻҪ֪ʲôطôǿԶˡ
һΣֱӵնɱĦ죡


2979 ڰ֮ɭ
£ڷƳԼ֮ҲǷԼȻ󺹣ҲչʶĶԣǷǳ޴ġ
˵ڸղǵ״̬֮£ҲǼֲ˶ãҪķѵʶǿνʮֵӴܹôãҲֻзһˡ
ɫɭ֣ƺĳһƬɽ
˫֮һʱǻԼղʶѰĵطǸطԼĸоΪضأǿޣΪ䡣
أ֮Уܹ⼯صĵطӦǲ࣬ʱѯֻһ£ȻһѰңӦþܹѰҵһط
ĦǸطʱӦشûĦ죬Ϊֱӵ½һ㣬ʱ򲻳ûǰĦˣôպֲǺѰҵȻˡ
£Ҳվ棬ȻȴǷֻʶһڵ
ţôˣ
ֻʵĳ֣Ϊо㵣ĪǷʲô飿
ڳˣ
ʱֻʿƽµسҲ˸һ
ֻⷬɫҲɻѣĪԼչغܾˣԼĸо棬ԼǰĹ
ѾǱչ˰ˡ
ֻɫŷƣҲЦЦ
ʱʼǼ˱Ϊģÿ춼㣬Ҫǿȥģɧŵ㣬һֱûн룬չصڣȥ˰µʱˡԣײɵǽһ£Ȼǹȥ˰µĹôܣԼĸоֻ˰ѣȴû뵽ʵѾǹȥ˰µĹҲʵв졣
㲻֪
ֻʿ¶㵵ɫҲǲɵùŹֵؿһ
ƿЦҡҡͷҲʼΪǹ˰Ĺѣû뵽ʵѾǹȥ˰¡
ֻʶɺͷԣڷƵҲⲻˣ¿Ӧûж⣬ôȻްˡ
ˣʲôôѰҵĦˣֻҲ̽ԵѯʵϾĦһ첻ԣվһ޴
һˣΪܳĵӣ
һüĿû취ȷҲغһͨϢػһѰҵ˴ŵλã޷ȷ﾿Ǻδط
˵˵ܲǸ𰸡ֻҲЦЦ
ɭ֣ӦһƬɽܻޡüͷҲǰԼӦĶ˵ϣֻܹǸһЩطѡ
ֻʶʱǿЦˣҲǿЦŵ˵磬ô˵ĵط粻ǧɽҵĸطԣҲǿЦȷǣѰɽˣҲܹܵĶϾʶ޷ҲǿԼܵĵط
ܲپһ㣬ʲôص㣬ܹΪ֮жϡֻҲǳʵ
ԣ΢΢ر˫ԺٶǸ˸ղʶܵһĻҲԺһֶڰ
ˣǺڰԼղʶܵĵطƺǱһֺڰ֣Ǹطƺû⣬ԲǸԼһֱĸо
ûκιâֻкڰ
ƻصѾļˣֻǲ²ⲻôҲûа취ֻѰٶʩչǷܹŸõջ
ȵȣڰ
ǣֻʵ¾¶𾪵ɫƺ뵽ĳֿܣ
ţǵģڰһƬɽͬûκε⣬Ǵһֺڰ֮еĸо
룬Ҵ֪Ǹطʲôطˡ
ֻʻصӷƵУԼ뵽һطܹͷԵģѰҲڶ
ʲôطҲǰһʵ
ڰ֮ɭ
ֻһһص˵֮Уħｵ֮أ
ֻʵĻش𣬷Ҳ׽ڰ֮ɭͷȻ󣿻ħｵ֮أ
֮УħﲢֵģͨռѺۣһδ֪ĵط磬̹𣬲Ż޷ɱǣΪǲ
ԭˣǸڰ֮ɭʲôط˹ȵط²Ѱ֮أħｵ֮ô
Ҫȥֻüͷڰ֮ɭǸطɲʲôõطΪǣԶŵ飬ڰ֮ɭ飬ŵڣûж֪


2980 ǰ
ǸȷأغһҲ¶һɫֻΪ֮㵡
Ȼȴûи֮ԷҪѰҵĦ죬Ϊ˷仯ԭƺǸӵ˼ڰ֮ɭħｵ֮ĦǣϹϵʵ˲òֲ²⡣
ںڰ֮ɭ飬Ȼ壬صöֻܹ࣬ṩλãϢһûа취ֻҲǻؿڵ
ⲢֻʲߣʷѾ̫ԶˣȻͷԣڰ֮ɭ˵һȽҪɵĴڣʱĲϵĻ
ڰ֮ɭѾǲ֪ˣֻ֪
ҲΪʲôֻʲǰڰ֮ɭħйصĵط²ʲôܹȥĵطҪ֪Ȼ𾳵Ϊ֮أһпܻǸط
ʶãҲǲҵԸҾ飬׸ģ΢΢һЦҲҡҡͷ
ֻҲһĬջ̾һƣǲ֪ôл㣬ѣνһΪȷһ¡
ȷֻʶԣʶƣ˿ŵ˵ıˣûзƵĻôڽ֮޷Ħ죬ΪƵͦΣˡ
ʱΪ˽вǶһ˽ڰ֮ɭͼǳ׵Ħ
ҡҡͷЦЩûҪ˵ˣڹ˽ҶҪվˣҿɻػһ峤ء
ֻҲЦЦҲ׷Ƶ˼Ҳǲ飬ŷƵԵƬ̣ұȥѺڰ֮ɭĵͼù㡣
Ƶ˵ͷҲʾֻȥڴ˵صȴš
ֻʴҴææȥҲ⴦طȴֻʰѺڰ֮ɭĵͼùֻȥ֮һٻӰҲǻشԶ˹
ٻӰĳ֣ǹž޲ɫ΢΢ضݣܿǿȥµػָƽɫ
ΪߺȻġ
硣
߹֮ҲΪضŷ˷ƣǲ˽ƣԼ˫һ𣬿ľӣȻûĻԼˡ
Ƶ˵ͷʵôˣ
ŷչضʱе㵣ģԹһ£񿴵ˣеȻǷ¡
ǳЦԼ⣬Ȼһ仰ȴ÷겻ѣɫƽģҲѹסеǿбƽţû£İɡ
ȻˣҾ͸ˡ
ĺ촽ƺҪ˵Щʲôվûгתˡ
תƬ֮ĶȻͣס˽Ųعͷ¶һɫŷʵ磬ǰʶô
ƳĬջҡҡͷû˵
Ҳǵ˵ͷתȥȥıӰغһȻµĿʼôҲûбҪǰȥġ
ԼԼûгֹǸһ㡣
ʱֻʷ糾͵ظ˹һżֱӵصݸ˷Ƶ֮мźڰ֮ɭ鼮Ҫϸһ¡
ԣǴżΪδ˴򿪣ڴ򿪵һӣʱһҳֻʲɵεӺԣϾѾܾû˶ˡ
ŹƵļأǰһҲǶڰ֮ɭµ⡣
ڰ֮ɭļ֮ɭ֣½ϣһ֮ϣƺڰ֮ҲΪ
Ϊֵǣ첢ǹ̶ģ֮洦ƶÿһֵĵطǲһֻԲ֮ĲŻǳǰ
ļ֮
غһ֮ʵ޷󣬲֮ҲȥˣҪȥһƬ嫵Ƕǲ֪
ȥѾҲһ£ڰ֮ɭĺΣա
ֻ¶һɫǽƲҪ׵ǰȥڰ֮ɭ
ЦЦֻʵļҲתȥһںڰ֮ɭĹżȴǱϣôϣȻҪѰҵڰ֮ɭνǼΪѡ
ŷȥıӰֻҲɫվҲǵ̾һ


2981 ֮
·Ҳֱӵ뿪壬ĿĵأǶ֮ء
ǳ֮ĸļأǷǳ֮֮һƬĮϼͱǺ嫵ıڶһ޼ʵĺ
ţ綫֮ҲסһȺ壬û֪ǵʲô壬ȷǳǿ棬ڶ֮һƬ֮ء
ֻ֮󣬷ֱ֮ضȥһ·ϣûκεӣֻʽѣҲֱӵؾǴɽ֣˽ӽ֮ǿؽӽ֮ء
ڷɽڶ֮ˡ
ƿеƤžҲǻݹžָʾ˰µ·̣
ǰһɽҲƤžֱӵزдԽȥȻߵһʱȷǱ΢΢ᵽһζɵΪ㵡
ߣ
ȻϣڴԽɽʱһĺǳĶߣǰֳһһɫľ
ԼȻ˶֮ءغһһƬɫҲ¶һֻĵЦݣֵһǣڵλãҪȥߵĻȻҪһξ롣
ֻܿɫ󣬵ʵϣΪңԶ
Ȼ֪ԼѾ˶֮أ·ҲֱȥӿԼٶȣԼǹȥʱĸ·֮˺ߣȻ֣ںߣ⻹һۼء
ͬһСһ㣬һͷϵС壬ڷƳ֮ʣǲˣˣƺǶĵǳش㵡
Դ̤֮󣬵֮ڱָָ㣬ͬǳʲôʵʵһ㡣
üͷ壬ŶΪؼ򵥣Ȼ֪Ǻε壬ò죬ֻǶǼģԣθΪؽСࡣ
УҲǷˣԼͬһһ㣬룬ȻȴҡҡͷȴûйᣬĿֻҪѰҰ취
Ϊڰ֮ɭڶ֮صĺ֮ϣԼҪȥѰңĻͽ͹
Ȼ÷ƸеǣߵʱȴǳһȺֳֳìס
һĻҲһز⣬Щ˵Ҫʲô
ָָͣںߵСʾԼҪʹãȻЩȷ˳ìס˷Ƶȥ·Ƽǰ
һĻΪŹ֣˶ûаΪϢ򵥶ԣǺս壬ֻЩΪʲôҪסԼ
ߴ
Ϊ׵һóìŷ˵һĪĻͼڱʲôȻȴǸҲʼ
ߣҡ
ȻʱǸȴɬ³˼ۣЩԵͨõԣƿ⣬ȴʵ˭ΪҪߣ
Ǹȴظ仰Ҳõ÷ü˫ڽһ֮ǸƺҲΪٶǻ³֡
ϣߡ
仰·ƾףԷĳƺҪԼȥĳһط
뵽ƿһºߵСҲ˼һƺȺȥҲûʲô⣬ϾˣûаΪǶԼ첻κεв
£ҲʼʾЩ˴Լߡ
˵Ŀע֮£ҲǸôһȺǰߣУע⵽ǣˣƺǶȺִìļһ𾴣֮ǹصͷ
һĻǲɵ΢΢ԼҪһ˭أ
ԼĪǰʱ֮󣬷Ʒ֣ԼͬҲ˺ϣֻСϵһɽ£λںϡ
ɽǰЩ˶Ȼͣ˽Ųղ˵ҲʾǰߣȻȴֹͣǰ
Ҳ΢΢̧ͷɽ֮ϣƺһɽҲ²⣬һһ̤Сֱɽȥ
Ƭ֮󣬷ɽǰƿɽһƬڣֲָ
ɣû˺
Ȼʱ򣬷׶Ȼؽ仰˵˵ˣƺ磡
üͷʶӦɢѰһ֮󣬷Ҳ룬Ǹ˵ûû˿˺ԼôҲټɵʲô
£Ҳغһֱӵ߽ⶴ֮У


2982 
ӳһƬڰƬڰУҲǿˣܵʯڣװǶҹģȻҲǿǰ·ˡ
ڷƵǰһСֱͨغһҲǴ󲽵˽ȥ
ԼĪƬ֮ߵ˾ͷԼɽĸĿռ䣬ȴһʯ̨ʯ̨֮ϣһӰǵӰ̬ӣȻҲСˡ
ǰǣ
·ҲǲκεķǰӰпܼΪز򵥡
ƺΪӼɡ
һӰת¶һϵӣȻȴע⵽ˣˣһ˫ȴ̺žâ
ǰǣ
Ҳֱӵؿżɽʵ
Ƕ֮أٽıԵ
΢΢һ㶣Ȼ֪ȻȴʣЩ壬ʲô塣
ڶ֮ءӲصƳһ۷ƣҲʵΪ˳
ǵģǰȫƱȭ
ΪȥѰǺڰ֮
ǵġûаΪ³ȥѰҺڰ֮ҲûĿĿѰġ
ҿԸһ㣬и˫˸һĨâƺҪѰƵİæ
ü⡭ԼܹӦô
壬Ƕһ壬ΪϹŵһЩ飬Ǳڴ˵أ޷뿪˵أҲûаΪӵĻ֮д͸һֲɣϢ
Ҫæ£кܴѶȣұһδֻǿˡ
˵ʱҲ¶һĻںɫƺΪԼʲô顣
ܰԵɸôɫҲ΢΢һǰӣ֮ˣȻƺǶһĳϣƺʲô顣
ܾ֮ǰһ壬һȺںߵͨˣԴΪһʱڣһһţӵױȵ޵ʣܿģ̤ǧĺ쳾統УѰԼ׷ĵ
ں嫵棬ʵţ׼ĺޣһһʱڣܵЩ޵вȻǸŵĳ֮һжıˡ
Ǹˣгɣص˶֮أΪ˶һػ֮£һ𽥵رǿʼԿźޡ
Ȼһкܿܵ˸ı䣬һ죬嫵УһȺصаΪһػţȴܵǵĹƻ˺ܶΣ顣
ʵϣ֮սıһҲܵǣΪػţֶ̹ɱһҲ䵱С
޷ټҲ̤ⶫ֮صķΧ³
ʱ򣬷˲˹һǴħｵٵǸʱΡ
Ȼ궫һǸţܵħĹƻвŻǷ֮Ķһ壬ܵ˳ͷ
Ҫôƻص
ڰ֮ϣŵ̹һʯʯѹźڰ֮ȻҪ⿪̹趫һĳͷǾҪʯ
ӻصɫ֮Ҳǳһֿ롣
ȵȡüͷĻôڰ֮Ļʧȥѹ
£ҲǲԾˣ̹һʯѹźڰ֮ȻߵĻڰָ֮Ƿʲô飬Ͼ֮ǰΪħｵٵһط
ҲǵһύһӳҲͳһöˮŵĶɢʵâصݸơ
Ȼʱ򣬷׶ȻؽΪˮ֮аŵһö࣡
Ƕһػ࣬ʱ̣˹ǰµ౻̹Ҳ˵ֻҪ˿࣬ںڰܹǴһʯá
ֻҪʯصߵĻһĳͷʧˡ
غһһ嶼ûгܹˣ˵ȥѰǺڰ֮˵ģ֮еĺޣܹԸġ
ڵ˳֣ҲǴȻе㲻ţԣǶӵĻﱧŵ̬ȣΪ˵ģ֪Ϊ


2983 ֮
ûһֱڵȣϧȥˣȱ飬һֱǵڣǶδܹǳڶ֮ءӳȥ̫ңԶˣ˶֮صĴڡ
ԣƲɵǳĬͬ㣬ⶫ֮أȷǱˣͷֻĵˣܹһЩż֪½ĴڣȻˣ޷֪ڶ֮أһһ塣
Ǹ壬طҲǱ֮أ
ܹʲôô
΢΢̧ͷͬΪ˳ðգȻǲ㣬֪ڰ֮ϱȻ򵥣Ϊգһʯ˵ҪԼѰҲҪһҪԸΣա
ҪƴӦһó÷ƶĵ档
Ǻܼ򵥵潻Ǻˣǲ˭Ҫȥ
ӳĬһ֮ҲǻصˣҪʲô
ӣɾֵƳĬˣǰҪʲôƺԣڻʲôòģҩģЩԣƺǲҪġ
һ壬ʲôҪģ·ҲЦ
ҡҡͷĶһ壬ȷѾû̫ˣľΪһЩνĹҲ㷨ۣ֪һ䣬Ȼ֪ûȤںܶ˶ԣȤ
ԣ·Ҳ̲ס£ʵʲô
飬˵ôӻصҿԸϢΪ׵Σ
֣һ䣬֮⣬ĶǶûж
Ʋû¶ʲôɫǵص飿ǵȴ˵֮˿ĶȻܲ˭֪ʲôá
ҡҡͷˣһ֪࣬Ϊ궫һҲӴ̹ǿԶԣϣ̹˽⣬˵һΪҲΪ
˼ǣ֪Ч
΢΢˫Ҳзⶫһ壬ƺ֪һЩʲôΪ֪鰡
ЧҵȻ֪˽ⶼΪʲôڡŵЦ
õô˵һ£ò˵ԣⷬòϣĶˡ
غһãΪĻԴӦ
Ȼǲܸ㣬֮󣬰ʯȻǻ㡣ӻЦԶһģԲƭ㡣
˳Ĭֱӣӵɫȴƽ˿ʲôƭ
Ƭ֮󣬷վǴӦˣӵɽø䣬й̹顣
ֻҪܹʯȻǿԡҲЦЦ´ʯ̨֮ϻҲΪѵóһɫʯƿӡ
ƿӣǳƺΪ̳ӣΪʡ
λֻ࣬Ҫܹ͵ڰ֮ǿʯȻǿԡ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǽ̳ӣԼɽ䵱УҲǶӵĵͼûУ
ˣѶ̫֮˰
ʱЦں棬еͼҲûõġ
ôҵڰ֮ƶʱüͷɲһϢ
ڰ֮λƯֻ̳ϵӡǣһֱߣÿԲ֮ҹڰ֮ͻǳںϣֻҪڶߣһԿõ
ƺǶ⼫Ϊ˽⣬ҲǶŷƵڳʱ򣬳˶ӵ֮⣬㻹Ҫעǣޣ
ޣüͷƺе㼬֡
嫵Ǻ޵սҲǱӵϤ֮޹Щ壬ȻĻҲǷǳؼ֡
ʱ¶һصɫ
Ƶ˵ͷޣ֣
ȻУͬ壬ЩȻҲ֣Ƭ֮ǵĵطһҪע⡣
ԣҲǵ˵ͷҲǱȭұǳˣ鷳һ´ֻ
ӵ˵ͷһֵԣһ˽ŷƳȥ̬֮ǰΪ࣬Ҳ֪ǵϣ


2984 
ڶһ˴֮£˳ر˺ߣȻһĴֻһСǰС·Ҳһ¡
ⲻڿЦɣ
Сأ
ûбǰϸضСҲǷ˲Ѱ֮СȥͨʵȴǼΪزѰ
ͨľɫͬľһ㣬ʵϣȴһֲϣǽһ㣬ȴûн
Ҳ¶Ϊɫľ棬ۿȴԷֱСϣһЩƵ磬ȻǲѰ֮
ҵ͹˶һ塣
һҲʾϴҽ˷һöɫ
վľϣȻͷһľȻس˳ȥٶҲ
ͻҲǲȲסΣ㵹С֮ϣ֮󣬷ҲסˣȻʱ밶ѾһξˣСڷٵʻš
ȻҲΪȣԸܵµСһڴ߶СǰһжΪ߶еƺǿͨСķ
Сڲϵǰȥ֮ˮֱӵγһ˻󺣷Яźˮصζ÷һӵ˷
ڰߵľɫѾԽԽԶˣܿһƬģƽߣҲһƽС֮ϣʱҲ̫ң÷еĸо
Ҳǳѵõһɡ
ʱ䣬һһûҲǲҷɣϾϼ縺ſǺܶ˵ڴҲǷǳԼڣͲκ⣬Լһǵˣ½Ƿ޿ص顣
ƴʱŶ֮Զһ޼ʵɫһߣǿͷҲó˴ֻеõϸؿ
ڶ֮ļأٻеϵƸһ֪ҾŻ׼ĺޣǷҪСĵһ㡣
Ҳ˽⵽Ƭ֮֮ϣຣޣԽǿĺ޾ͻԽԽǿ
һ㣬ͬҲŵȼ֣֮֮õЩ޵սӵرһЩǿĺޣȻ𾳵ǿߣҲǴżв
˽⵽⺣֮УҲ֣֮һĴȻǿĺƹƬ
󸣬צ۰צ㣬ɫħ㣬ǿĺޣռĸȻ֮Ÿĺޣ
沢ûмأʲôΪǷҲԼؿĥõӦǿԲ𼶵ĴڣӺοǶ֮ɾǵսҪӲĻǷƣҲû˿ʤ㡣
ڷľǣҪϺޣȻĻŷǳֵľ档
ںޣļҲǲǺֻܶ࣬Ǽ򵥵һʴҲЩҲǻ۵ģ֮ǵ֮أͬ½һ㡣
ûע⵽ǣ֪ʱ󣬺嫵ʱʱֵһĨˮһ޵İӰ˻ţʼնһʮ΢ľš
룬Ƹûκβ
ʱҲǲ֪飬ԼѾֵڽβˡ
ʱҲǼؿȥںڰ֮ļأֻʽдˣѰҵڰ֮Ƕں޶ԣڰ֮Ҳһǳµĵط
Ȼڰ̶֮ǲϵƮڶ֮ϣһȷǣÿԲ֮ҹڰ֮ͻǳ˶֮ĶߣҾ뼫Ϊضݡ
һʾҲ˵Ҫڰֻ֮һ취ǾԲ֮ҹﶫ֮ĶߣֻܹѰҵõڰ֮
ˣⶫ֮ĶߣֻʲôҲֹŵûгɣ±һ·ֱӵرŶ߶ȥ
·ҲǼӿٶȣΪǵãÿµԲ֮ҹƺ֮Ҳ˵֮ϵطȻĻҪѰҵõڰ֮͵ٵȰ¡
µʱ䣬㹻Ƿ˺ܶ飬ҷҲȷ棬Ħ᲻ǳʱӶ뿪ڰ֮ĻǾ͵ǰˡ


2985 ޣ
ʱ䲻֪ţƳѾǹȥ졣
ⶫ֮ޱ֮ȻǷȫ٣ǰܹģһƬ
һƬ죬ǴʱܶͬһĻɫûκεƻǸоΪʣǵ˺ǿ죬ҲǸе룬Ҳף⻹ûеյ㡣
ʱܹص㰡
ȻҲǳ̾һĿľֱ߶ȥһ·ҲǷƽ˾оǣûʲôޣյԣԼʱڶ֮ҲΧˣӦǻһЩޡ
ȴȫûһо˼ĵط
䣡
Ȼʱ֮жȻһ⳹׵شƬļžɫ𽥵ػ谵
̧ͷһɫҲüͷ⺣ϵΪԲ²⣬ӣƺҪһ꼴
Ǽ򵥵ı꣬ôƻûжĵģԼϵģǷ籩ĻôԼͻҪˡ
֮ڴȻµģһ㣬Ȼ𼶱ΪҲԲӣһվǿҲܹ֮Կ
ķ籩νʮֵؿ£СȻΪأǷҲûаգܹȷСܹЩµķ籩Ըˣô³ͻе㱯ˡ
ɫ仯úܿ죬Ƭ̣׵رǺڰľҲǹ磬һĻƵóֻţⲻͨıѡ
ǣȻϡ
ԼĪǰʱ֮󣬿ԽԽǿң׸ߵĺ˹Сϵسţƺʱпܸ
ʱСȻطЩ仯СͨЩ׿磬ҲǼ䱬ǿĹâ
ͬʱҲǿˣСǷȵĹâһγһϣƾķ˵ز񣬵޷Ӱ쵽С
һĻƵҲ΢΢ԼˣСȻܹԼԽ֮Ѱ֮
£һӾֹڷƶԣⶫ֮ı꣬ƺǶʱ˵û̫в
ƺܿǷƺԼĵ̫ˡ
ΪʱĹȥԽԽǿң貵һӵ˺ڰأûκεĳɣ籩꣬ͬһ˲ӿֶ
籩꣬ͬǿԸ֮һ㣬Ҳõ÷ƵٶǽȻСĴڣ˿µı꣬ʵǲ֪Ƿֵܹεıꡣ
ûκεĳɣ·ҲǴ߶ʼعע˽С֮ڣСͨɢĹâΪ貣Ȼʱͨ屬âС꽻ӵ֮䣬ͬһ㡣
غһע֮СȻҲƽ˲٣ŷƵע֮󣬵Ҳܹ֤ٷְܹһεķ籩ꡣ
Ȼûвõǣ꽻ӵĺڰ֮УķԲѾ½س޵ϢΪ⻷̫ˣƸûκܹõ
ⳡȻܳȶС֮󣬷Ҳǲ˿ķɣҪɹĿǰһѹ֮
Ƭأεķ籩֪ǺʱСϵϣÿԸΪӴĺˣҲûܹСƷ
Ҳ÷а٣Сò˵Ҳȷ
̺Ľ棬ӵжصͨԵЩ꣬ȻȴһĨΣյĸоҲվȻСƯȴûܹаƶ
ɨӶܣ˲ĺ֮⣬ܶһƬڣȻƵֱȴǸƬڰ֮УƺʲôΣա
ô
ƵҲصҲֲɣȻоκϢȴ֪ԼеΣոУ׵ĳ֣ΨһĽ;ǣԼƺЩޣ
ԣޣǶ֮в
ˣ
ʱֵĺ֮ϣȻһ貵âǾ֮ϵâȻȴǶȻ׽˫ֱӵ۶һǿľ
ηΣ
һŭеĶҲûκεĳɣΪڸղâ֮ʣ嫵Ķ֮Уһ޵Ϣ̲סˡ


2986 Ⱥħ
ڰ֮УȻظһ۵ĹâȻһϢ
߾
·һбһâȻػһֱӵƿնȥ

һϸ΢죬Ȼƿնȥ
һƬڰȻŷƵĹһ貵ĹâȴûκεôֻһâĹâģؿһΪӰһš
ԼһһӰ
ֻԼȴûа취һӰǺε
䣡
ʱһ֮жȻһɫâһεâǰֵĶҪӵؾ޴ȻƾһâƬ̹âҲֱӵؿһ˲
˫˸âں֮ϣȻЩһޱȣ׼һǲѰ֮
âҲٶµػָ˺ڰǷƵɫȴкޣ²⵽ˣûв²⵽ܾȻôຣޣ
ǲֹˣ
΢΢̧ͷһգƺǲѸٵؽҪһʱ䣬ȻЩ޾Ȼ׽סЩᣬԼȻͲǺ¡
ȻʱЩҲٶȰͲס׷׵شӺڰ֮¶Լ
ۣ
һˮ֣Щ޷׷ǶϮ˷ڵС
ȻҪ֣һ̣ȴǷˣЩޣƺƲСķϾС֮Ҳ̺ŽƵĴڣЩȻ̺֮ҪϮƣǲһ㡣
غһȭͷգһɫâȻظ֣ͬڰ֮еһ棬ҫܵ
ĿӣҲüͷС޷ǰʻΪܵĺҲǺֱӵطסΧС粽ܶ
·
Ƶ˫ҲǶȻ׺֮⣬Щ޾ȻǳôҲǲκεֶΣֱӾǻɱǼǿԣ
ɫâͬ貵âһӵıǣΪµЩ޷׷׵شӺԾҪǳСĽƣǱСĽƾϬޱȣҲ޷ͻơ
ңƵĳ֣Ϊɫâ֮ЩâÿλһͷޣЩ޵廯ء
ڰı֮УЩ޵嶼Ǳһ⣬һɶζܣȻŽƵǷŵЩѪҺζޱȡ
ǣһĻȴǳˣŲϵغûܹЩ޳Ǹӵؼǵԣǰͺ̵ģͬǲηϵط˽
ôһĻȻҲǸӵΪ֪СĽ֧ŵʲôزܵĺ޲ԼǾȥնɱЩޣΨܹ֧ŵõ
Щǰûж֣пǸεıйأԵ·Ҳ뵽ˣֻҪŵôͻǺת࣬ЩޣȻҲв
ȻԤϵûһȻɡ
һʱʱʱ
ܿǹȥĸʱȻĸʱ棬ƶ֪Լնɱ˶ͷޣȴһֱûͣ¹ÿεĹ£һͷ޵
С֮ϵĽƣƺҲǵ˼ޣֵһâҲǱ࣬ȻŷƵעҲǱ޲
غһƿһܣǳƣɫ֮Ҳǲɵ¶һĨϲɫΪõܵķƺͣ
磬𽥵ͣˣҲ𽥵ͣˡ
ŷͣ٣һߵĺڰƣҲǻر˺ѶһʵĹâƿƣµҫ˷Ƶϡ
ͣˡ
ҲصһȻʱȷǲϣܵ˺ܴı仯ΪЩǰһ̻ڲϷĺޣһӵؼž
Ҳûκεĺ޷ϮȻȴɨһܣҲ̲סһ
ܵĺѾǱһѪɫ֣ЩǺ޵ѪҺԼնɱĺޣҲǳ׵ȾһƬȻƬѪɫ֮УŵЩ޵ʬ
ЩʬҲǸоһģĿȥȫǣҲǴһֱӵش߶СƿѪֱӵ뿪Ƭ
ȻȷûвõѪɫ֮Уһѵĺͷ­ȴǹضһ£ֱŷƵȥ


2987 ڰ֮
Сһ޼ʵ֮ţһ֮ȻСҲ޷άԭٶǰˣ˺޵ĹͱĹ֮еȻҲܵһļ
ƵٶȹĻҲֻǿضСάһת
һĺϮ֮ȻСĽҲܵʧǷƾ޸ƵĻܹСָڶڷƶԣʱȣֻҪСܹǰУǾˡ
ٶǾĳ;Сǰ֮һֱڶ֮ǰš
վС֮ϣ̧ͷһգҲѾȥˣôԶԣԲ֮ҹԼǿѰҵõڰ֮ô
غһƲֻƾֱһֱʻȥ
ҹĻܿǽˣһȥر죬ȻҲڵȵҹĵ̧ͷ𽥺ҹգصȴµ
ȻƺΪӡ֤ڲͬҲǼžޱȣͬһĽһ㣬һЩҲǳ׵ûκεĶ˵Ǻޡ
ڵȴƬ֮󣬷ͻȻ̧ͷԼɽ֮Уͳһ̯ӣǰӽԼĶڰ֮ϵ̹ǿʯ
ʱ̽ӿʼݳһϸ΢ȫһȻҲǲһ㣬ɵĥţĪԼѾǷǳؽӽ˺ڰ֮
ȻĻɲκεݶȻԼĿĵҪˡ
뵽ϾҪ˺ڰ֮Ҳغһпʼڰ֮жգȻǲö˵˵ںڰ֮棬Ħǿߴڡ
һŰĵģԼٷǳֵľ档
һƬƽǼžޱȣ֮ǳһ£Բ֮ҹµӳںϣԵһ塣
ڵţ֪ǹȥ˶ã׽һ£ǰǳһģĺӰȻʱе̳ҲɢΪǿҵƺţĳĿ
ڰ֮ô
غһҲ̳ӣԣѾǵˡ
ԶһӰʮֵģΪСٶҲǲܿؾǽӽֱʱҶǿԭһ죡ʱҲˣֻСƶͬҲƶ
ȻĻѸٵϡ
쿴ȥ󣬲ҹɫڰҲǿʲôֻǿŵȻһֱҪѰҵĺڰ֮ΪڿʱǵʶϢ΢΢ؼ
£Сܿؾǿ˺ڰ֮ʱ򣬷ȴǷ֣źڰ֮һľ֮ʱԼС޷ǰ෴һεѸٵرС
ڵʱǲֹڰ֮ѸٵǰţȻСȴںڰ֮ʼϵ˺󣬿һĻƲɵüͷ⵽ô£
ţʶƬ֮˫¶һصɫΪڰ֮ϴŷǳǿĽƣЩƲֻһŷǳ֮࣬һۣÿһ޷ܹĽƣ
أֶ̹Ρ
Щ˵ؿ£Ħ죬ܹƲɵǳȻڵǳزֹۣΪڰ֮ţСһֱˣȻ޷Сˡ
ڵø򵥵ıԣǺڰ֮Ľγһ޴ȻĶ޷ڰ֮Ҳ޷ٶ뿪ֻƬ򲻶ϵĴת
ۿźڰ֮ǰȴûа취¼ҲΪ˼һЩ취ҪͨЩ֮ϵӶǽڰ֮ȴͽ޹
ڰ֮ĽƣȻɣһһƽ⣬ǿ˵ԷĿǰΪ޷ƽЩƣΪ޷Ƶγɣȫ𼶱ԽӴ
̹ͨȻѰ޷²ġƿЦҡҡͷҲûа취£һһͷ̹ģôԶԣӦԼڰ֮У
һȻĻĦܹ˳سڰ֮¾ΪԵʣȻĻĦҲû


2988 ڰ֮
ȻҲǲ²⵽Ҫڰ֮ǵƾ֮Ļ޷ƿЩƣӶڰ֮
ʱڰ֮ϵĽڲϵתţͳԼڵһ飬һžǰĦжȡ顣
һʱ䣬ڵһ֮󣬴ʱŵɫ飬ûǰǵȹģȻûлָǰһģһҲ޼
Ȼڷƽͳһ˲䣬ҲҲһĪĸӦ𽥵ظܵˣڰ֮ϵĽƣûڼųˡ
СͣҲûбڰ֮ϵʹϵ˺󣬵СҲǻǰš
һĻҲǻһҲ΢΢Ȼˣڰ̹֮ĪϵȻ鴫̹ع֮ĶȻӦ
ԼԽԽӽڰ֮ҲԽԽҲ޷طΪҪԵǺڰ֮˵֮Уħ彵֮ء
𽥵ؿ˺ڰ֮·ƵʶҲǻɢ𽥵ؿ˵֮ϣȷʧǣδ߶Լʶȴ޷Ӵڰ֮κεʶɢһ㡣
Сźڰ֮ľ벢ԶҺڰ֮ҲƶУƬ̣ǵ˰ߣغһ͵ֱӵһ̤˰ߡ
غһڷ̤Ϻڰ֮һ̣Ȼоһǰδеѹ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬
⡭ô£
ɫȻؾ䣬һʱķӦԼʲôƣȻ˻һ˲䣬ָ˲ʧͬûгֹһ㡣
ȻػعҲǲ뵽ˣӦǺڰ֮ϵĳֽƣղŵһ˲䣬Ϊڰ֮ϴڵƣƺԼڵԲŻǵȴ
΢΢سһ£Ҳǻ˹һԼ״̬ѹڣû˿Ȼٶµص¼Ϻڰ֮
һΣ෴ǳˣûиܵǰ״̬෴ɣǰûתڵҲ˵ںڰ֮棬ΪƴڵĹϵ޷κε
ô˵ĻֻܹսصһԣƺҲǻ£㲻ڵԼҲаսʤĦ졣
ǲƬ̣ƵɫǶȻرѿΪͻȻڰ֮Уƺǰȫ֮أĦ֮⣬׺ݵޡ
ЩޣԲǵ֮ȻԼûκֻЩ޽вôԼĽǸӵΣա
֮ϣȻЩռƣû취£ԷҲֻǾرܿЩޣΨܹǱ֤ԼİȫǺڰ֮ĳЩǿޣܿսǲܵģµľǣ˾Ħ죬Ӷܡ
УɱĦ죬ΪؼĿġ
ڵ˺ڰ֮ҲĿĵǰţ֪Ħںηֻܹƾ΢ϢȥѰңǷǳѣ޷κ֮¡
ڴʱû뵽ĶǣϺڰ֮һ˲䣬ںڰ֮ĳһطĦ죬˸Ӧ
ôܣôѰҵõڰ֮
ĦҲֵվزϵǻȻǲ˷Ƶĳ֣ҲܹԤϵõڰ֮±ȻǳԼ
ģԲ֮ҹѹҲû취뿪ڰ֮ˡ
Ħ쿴һڵҹգִʱһѾ𽥵ȥƺǺڰ֮ĳֹأΨԲ֮ҹܹʹԲ֮ҹĻǿ˺ڰ֮Ҳ޷뿪߽롣
Ȼ⣬ʱĦڵ˷ƵУܹ֮ȫΪԼڻϢĻҲ޷صڰ֮
ĦΪ֪ȥǰ취ڰ֮ȻΣأţʼնѰҵԼжĻȻͻǱš
ȻʧȥΪǿ飬ܹԷƣ
ҪжܹԴУ
ĦҧҧƺҲʲô¶һݵɫ͵վһ߶ȥΪ֪ڰ֮ϣܹԼģƺֻˡ


2989 ջ
Ľô
΢΢̧ͷҲһĨЦݣһĨЦĦпԵùޱȣѵб
Ҫʲô
һˣƺҲǲ˲±ǽüͷ
Ľƣ̹£֪߶ĽƣǷЧЦЦһ̣ǻػԼڵһ飬ȻǰĦȡһ顣
뷨̫ˣ
£ƬطǸ˵ĲЦƺƵΪΪԵʮֵؿЦɵЦһ飬ΪƵĺģҲһҵʴΪһЧô
仰٣ĽƣҲǳֹ˱ƻ龰Զԣһ콵飬ĽٶǱ˸ΪǿܹǼѹźڰ֮
ȴͨʱ䣬Լʴ飬ǸĦ죬ҪĦΪĴˣպͼıģκĦ̫Ȼȡȥˡ
һ鲻ô
һЦӶҲҡҡͷЦŵĻ֪ܲܣ˵ţ
£Ƶڿʼݳɫâÿһɫâ֣ⶼǴһ飬ܿģڷƵܣĵɫâа˴Ħȡĵһ顣
ʱĦǾ㵵޷˵ˣƵȻ֮ࣿʵ޷
Σڵ㣬ǷΪ޷ٶȼ˵صĽƣ
̧ͷɫ֮һţһڲ֪δشڣȻдڼɵ֪ȻǿҲǱ˵صĽš
ȻĽƣٲǰͬҲԼǴ߶飬˵ؽƵٶȼǿЩƵһĻܶԷ˭޷Ը
ǵС㡣
Ƭ֮һٶȻƿĿ飬ҲǲɵǾ֣Ǻεȶǵ̹ģȻǷǱѰ
ףΣ
ȻʱһȴͻȻؿڵ仰ȻǶŷƵĦ졣
Ǻεˣ
ûѯȻв²⣬վǵѯһ£ȷ
ħ֮ףҾ䣬һǿȻΪףҲ޷
һջƺҪŷƴĳֽס
ȻƲ׵شӦ׶Էݣħ֮ôпܣЩħԴͷȻû뵽Ǳ̹ӡڴ˵ء
ڰ֮ħͨħķӡ֮أ
Ҫʲô
ɫ䣬Ҳʵ
е飬ɢķӡ
ʱ֮£һǱüޱȣȻǺ˵صĽƣϾǿҲƵ
ԴɢĽƲɵǴ㵵ص
ȻԼǿ˵صĽƣȻҲǿԴɢĽƣΪЩ飬̺̹ŵͨȻ
ЦЦԼƵ飬ҲѰ˼ҪɢĽƣȻǲܣ֪ˣԭ黹ܹӹ̴˵صķӡ
ԣǸϢ˵
ڣȻֹĿ飬ڣʵһ飬ֻûóѡ
ôףҿͻ񽫾
ʱһҲǴݳϵջԱߵĦҲǱʼɵɫͻ񽫾һֱҪ׷֮£κȴ޷ɹȻʱƺܹõֻԵβĽ
ͻ񽫾
Цһ£ҡҡͷƳһĦҲЦֻˣŻֳͨԼķʽ
Ҫʲô£Ҷܸ㣡
ȻһӰûֹͣջ󣬼ѯʵ
Ҫǣڴ˵رӡɣ
һһصȻ֮£Ƶ飬ҲǿâһӣƺǴܵơ
㡭Ҫʲô
һĻõһӰ˾֮⡣
˵ʵʵڻһ飬ƺٶȷӡ㣬Ҳ㹻ˡ
ЦЦ˫ŭɣʼ߶ڵһӣת


2990 Ƶľ
£תһĪƣϯһƬط֮ķģһ˲Ǳĳһ㡣
һõһƬ֮䣬˹ı仯
ôܣӵ飡
ʱĦѾǽץˣȫǲŵ飬Լӵһ飬ҲǲԼǸصħ֮ʹõģǶôǿᣬһͳһǿߣ
οʱķƵӵ飬һΪֲ飡
ˣΪηܹɵذܣϾӵ飬Ϊûд̫Ĳࡣ
һΣ¶Լеƣˣڰ֮ϣӡĲǽͨħͨһǳֲĴڣħ֮
һΣΣҪһٶȷӡ
ڰ֮ķӡʵתѾ޷ά̫ãڤڤ֮Уƺĳָŷ˺ڰ֮
㲻ٶȷӡңҪʲôҶܹ㣡
ʱڰ֮ϵһλħ֮ƺҲǾ飬ܹǱȴܹٶȻѴ˵صĽƣҽĽƣǱӵǿ
Դӡڴ˵֮󣬲жħϵͨΪӡ֮ͨŶǸǴͨħҲܣҲܣΪΣ
Դ̹֮֮ǹȥ꣬Щһֱ취ҪŷӡƣʵϣҲˣȻǺʱ䣬콵һ飬ٶǰѷӡ
ǲٶǺķʱ䣬һ˽ƷӡԼȾˣãκӡվ̹¡
磬̹ףһеףķӡǼ᲻ɴݡ
ӡѾޱȣؼյϣƵĳ֣Яĳ֣ȫǿٶȽӡƵҲ˵ôŬǳ׵ظˮ
飬ܹ
Եħ֮ҲǲϧһдۣҲҪϣƲҪ֡
ǸˣҪĶ㶼費ң
Цصνջ󣬶ԣʲô壿
̬Ǹħ֮ʱһ֪ÿ˶Ħ죬Ħ죬ΪĦ˵ǿԷԼꡣ
˿ɼÿ˶̰̰ͼһʱ档
㻹ʲôֹ
Ȼʱħ֮ǶĦŭԷƵĻûκεҪĦֹƣһ÷ƳɹػѴ˵صĽƣôԣһجģ
ĦȻعŴʱķƣҲҧҧ߶ԼڵϮȥ
ڴ߶ķƣû뵽ĦǳֶԸһҲǱ
Ħ죬㱾Ϊ֮ˣӦħ綼ʲôȻ䵽˵زô
ŭȵΪĦֻĴû뵽֮䣬ΪŰ
ұһ쿪ʼҾ
ĦҲ¶֮ɫش߶ԼȥֹƣǣΧЩ֮ڵķģҲһ־˵ٶڲš
һ˿˿ɫѺڲϵɢֵһּΪµ
һĻƵüͷɵǽƺǸħ֮಻סˣҪûͻƷӡĻôǷǳ鷳
УԲܹͷħͻƷӡ
غһҲǽĦϣһӱޱȣ˫֮˸ɱ⣡
Ħ죬ԭһȴ˲֪߳ܣȻΪŰݹ飡
ŭһڵ׵ر֪ҪٶȥӡĻôǰǵðĦ
ɱĦ죬Ͳκ谭Լ
ɣ
ĦŭһȻʱû˺ڰ飬ΪǴڣڷƶԣһԶԸĴڣ
ʱ򣬴ЩռѺĵѺ֮дݳ˿˿ڰϢȴһӵӿ뵽Ħϣ
Ħ춸ȻطһҽУƺǲ֪ʲô飬ƴʱҲһȻɫĦ죬ҲǾù졣


2991 ս
£ҲǾɲĦ쵽Ƿʲô仯ȻǱ˵ع죿
ܿأǷ˲ԾܵһһֹٶȣѸٵرǽĦ֮У
ĦڵϢһ־˵ı仯ʼǱǣԼصһ÷ƶΪ֮ɵĳ̶ȣ
Ħɫޱȣܿؾͬħһ㣬Ǹ˵ŵѪ˿֣ͬڳŷǱѰʹ࣡
һϢڱᣡ
ɫһӱõǸħ֮ڽжᣡԼǿеؽĦ嵱УԱĦﵽܹԼһսʸ
Ҫ֪ǰĦ죬ͲԼĶ֣仹֪Լ֮󣬸ͲܻԼĶ֣ΪֹԼжħ֮ҲǲϧһֶΣǶĦжᣡ
Ħ죡ѵ㣡жᣬ꽫ǳ׵
ȻʱȴĦѣϣĦ˾䣬Ҫ֪һöԷȫɹôĽԼ
ʵϣȴõ÷ʧˣĦһʱȻɫȻڳĳַ˵ʹ࣬ȴǵ૵Ҫ
ΪĦĶĿ˶ǶˣǷƶûϵõΪ˵õֲϧǷԼ
һĻҲǵ̾һǺαأǿҲԼģҿõҲûлʹã
Ƭ֮Ħ춸Ȼطһҽһ̣͵ر̧ͷӲɫ磬˫۷˳ɫâǰ̬ȫһ
ޣ
ǵģڵĦ쿴ȥȫûκεԣͬһ㣡
΢˫Ҳ͵˫ڵҲû˿أǰĦ죬ԣʱĦǰֵģħ֮һ߿ܶѡ
Ȼǲһ㣬ҲܹӳҵĲˣ
ϣʱĦȴ˫۲˳ɫĺâҲЦɾͲĦġ
Ϊô
Цһ̣Ȼ̤ڵû˿أһӵıǱ
ɫâһ˲رֱӵرǹᴩڰ֮ҹգһ̣֮ܵӰ죬ڰ֮ϵ˹ԵΪ£
ɱ㣬͹ңҾͿˣ
ĦʱЦѵҲµĺɫ壬һ˲䣬ͬһħһ㡣
𣡡
Ħ﷢һ˵ŭܿģڰ֮֮ͬĺڰ֮ȴһ˲䣬ǳ׵ر÷
󾪺Զͬһӵ
ôԼûģ򲻹ýа֣ҲЦصɫâᴩڰ֮ڷƵϣͬһսʤ
ϻô࣬վڣ
Ħŭһ΢΢طתһ£۳һɫ⻮˼£Ȼ֮£ռ䶼ǳ˵Ѻۡ
һĻ˫΢УȻǲ򵥣ȻҲ֮ħ֮
ҲǲãȻܹռ飬㲻ȴ˷ˣҾͰЦˣ̹Ǹϲĳ׵ͷ
ĦһЦҲƳһ۷ơ
ƽüͷʶʵ㵽֪ʲô
֪ʲôµ֮ȥ̹ɣĦҲЦѣֱӵرǻһӰֱӵؾǱϮƶȥ
ֱӵغ˰벽ĦеһɫĳȻͬȵĳ˷Ƶǰֱӵػ˿ռ䣬ٶ֮죬˷Ƶϡ
ٶʵ̫ˣνδǽӰѵǽжܣȻĻǷƵ壬ҲǱЩֲĽӰ˵Ϊֵˣһˣħ֮
ܹ̹ƽƽ֮ˣ̹ͬû˿İ취˵ķƣǱ٣һĦжս
ҲǲӣһΣƱȫսȻһģԿĿԼ


2992 ս
ħ֮ʹõһֳɫȻԶԣڷƶԣΪİһҲǲκε֮⡣
ɫգÿһ£ܹƲ񷣬һԿͷ
Ҫն㣡
Ȼʱȴ˫ŭɣֱǰӰʱ֮£ڰ֮Űľɫâŵɫâᴩ
һһǿţÿһ£ͬһ콣ݺݵĦϣûκε֣ǵƾƣĦʱıˣ
ţÿ߶ڵʱһޱȵȻ֪ԼԵĲѰ֮ˣֱǰδŰ㵨ӣ
Բѣ̹δҵǰ˵ķһ󱲣
ĦҲЦȻǾеŹ֣ȻҲǹʲôƲһӵһԵ֮˶ѡ
ȻŹǿƣһȵس֣ȱ̤ͷųǿƣƽ
ˣ
£ĦҲǲʾǿͬһ㣬䲻ȻǣʱĦ棬ǳֳһɫսף鲼ڰ磬ԵøΪأ
ɫ䣬ȴ˰쵣Ħ죬Ȼħ֮ĲᣬչֳȴΪΨҶƣǵΨ̹ܹ֮һս֮ˡ
ʱĦɫսףܵĺɫƻûΪ׺ݵޣЩԵǻ󣬵ҲǽĦʱøΪؿ£ŭĺڻ˻ȸȵȣЩƵʥͬһֳ
Ħ˫죬âɨӶֱŷƣƸһױȵǿѹ
ϣкܹһս
ĦӣƲ̤ǰÿһ£ųâȴǶʢνĲΪһµĳ֡
ʲô磬Եħ֣Ҫնɱ㣬Ҫƾʲô
˿û·磬ƽ֮ʣڰ֮ڳž޴ܵĶ֮ǳ˾޴ĺХޱȡ
ɣ
ĦЦ˫ֶȻؽӡֵӡһ˲䣬ûκεĳɣΪģǼ䣬۳˵ɫڰ֮С
󣡡
ĦŭţͬǼʮɫĽâӰ֮УȻؽ£׵طס˷Ƶȥ·Ȼͬһʱ䣬⽣ҲǱ˼ΪǿӲĥһ㣡
ÿһɫĳЯſµǿԿٵһ㣬ӡ
οʮ϶ɵһղ΢΢̧ͷ˫֮û¶κεɫǷֺһƬɫâ¡ͬ׽
䣡
в޴ľɫһ׵ľǰȻˣÿһأúڰ֮Ϊ֮Щµĳݺݵسơ
ȻЩΪµĽһ˲ر˷ƣȴû𵽰ãһ˲䣬ػ˵âǱɫâظ߽ˣ
䣡
ͬһʱ䣬ͬһս͵һǼ䣬ѣеľɫԼڵµ۳һ޴ľɫףص
һѹ죡ּΪǿƣǼĴͬһǿ׽䣬Ƶ񣬻貵ľɫâ䡣
ɫףһеף֮£ûʲô赲ˣͬɽĴִЯһơ
ǰǼ䣬ʮǼ䶼ǱּΪµ׸Ӳ󣬳ɫĽһգ۵Ĺ򣬱ǻ˱ͬûгֹһ㡣
̣Ϊ֮𺳵ǣƴʱֳѾǷǳ˸о˿£ǳѰ˶ǿߵ⣬޵ؽӽ񽫾
ԼĹƱ߽⣬ĦҲ˫ŭɣȻŭе㲻ţǲô˵ֳسԼĳ̶ȣȻ˵ؿ£ʵ
УӱҪȻɳΪڶ̹ǿɾ鷳ˣħȻҲ޷ư죡
£ͷĦһţеɱ


2993 շ
Ħʱɱʱǣͬ籩һ㣬˿ǲΣȻܹõɱ⣬ʱҲǲһԼʧܵĻħ֮ٶȽ䣬Լ޷ĺ
ΣԼǾԲʧܣ
ȻʱĦַգ׵߽ڰ֮˲ƽ֮УԶ޵ŭƺʱҪ
ȻĦֶΣޣΪԸƵ֮һϾʱħ֮ĲжᣬǱ٣ȻĻҪնɱƣҲһͷ֮¡
ħ֮ȷ˵ãӰ֮£ڰ֮ĽƾȻԼʧȥá
΢˫Ҳ˼ţڰ֮ϣڣ޷κεħ֮գֽƿʼʧˣͬҲǿԶˡ
Ҳ÷Ϊ֮һȻĻǾʵ̫ˣɲ뵥ƾȻｻ֡
ƺǵҪսתƲУȻȴЩ޸ϹԼɻǱüࡣҲغһбᡣ
˵Ǻڰ֮ĺ֮ҲΪһ㣬ħ֮ԴȪǿŲжģֻҪԶһƬĦڵͻǲϵصõ䣬ɲһ顣
ҪǾؽսǱҪħ֮ͣĦڵò䣬Ψܹʤ㡣
£ֱӵؾҪÿռ֮սתƣȻһ̣˲֮£ĦɲЦصҪ룿ΰɣ
Ħ֮ĦҲ˫ֺʮȵգʮֱ𣡡
֮󣬵·ƱȻӦȴǶȻؿĦУֱӵرһʮֺɫ٣һַǳѸٵٶԼӿֶ
̼һ벻׶ȻصɴȻȴѾʮֹٵķΧ֮ڣʱ֮£һӴȻظܣݲκεķ
󣬷ƱؿţԼܣֱӵرɫʮֹ˺ѳһ޴ĿռѺۣѺ洫˿µϵõ÷Ƶʧȥƽ⡣
գ𣡡
ȻĦĶû꣬Ӷӡ֮ҲǶȻŭţ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƵǼʧԭأȻȥƺǱǺɫʮֵȻǷ޾֮У
ߣҷ޾յУѰҹ֮·
ĦʱҲЦԼһУƺʮֵ⣬ղʹõģʵħĳطͨռ֮Ӳط޾ա
յУĪ⣬һ˿ľ룬ʵҲͬǧ֮
ʱ򣬰ƶϣӦǱ֮УӶѰҲ꣬෴ڷƵϣԼӡǣͨԼֶѰҵõơ
ԤϵУֻҪǷ޾֮һôǿǰȥĦ壬⿪Ľƣ
Լӹ̴˵صķӡȻҲǿԽ⿪˵صĽƣ飬̹ͬû뵽
ĦʱƽУڵȣŷһ˲䣬ͻǳڷƵߣܷηֻҪԼµӡǣǿһ˲صƵԱߣʬ塣
ò˵Ħ̴÷ǳغãȻȴǴһ㣬ǾǶڿռ֪֮ԶΪϤΪǵõ֮ɵĴУڿռ䷨ĴУû˱Ϊ˽⡣
ȻĦеزɲ²⣬ȴǿԺ׵ٶȻصԭĵطĦշ𣬶ԣûκεЧ
ʱĦڵţһ̣ǰĿռ䶸Ȼ˺ѿһɫӰֱӵرЯżΪµ˲Ϯ
ôܣ
Ħ¶һ֮ɫ⡭⵽ô£Ϊܹ޾֮л
ǳϵУȻһηƵĳַǳͻȻȫǳĦûа֮⣬ֱӵضڵǴ֮ݺݵظĦһ
䣡
һ죬ȻشĦ壬±ͬڵһسݺݵ˲Զĵϣڰ֮ǲһ£ɫµվ˰֮У·


2994 
ղĦ쾹ȻҪÿռ䷨ȥԼ޾գԼӡǣΪԼ޻֮ô
ʱĦˣǱһεĹݺݵɵԶûֹͣĹ෴ǱøΪ׺ݣ
ûκεĳɣ·ٴεر˲ӿֶ
ɫâ֣Ǹڰ֮һɫâûκεĵ󣬷ƵĹһһĦ㷴ӦĻᣡ
ɫâ纣ڰ֮һӱͬǰ磬ΨǴ۵ľɫâޱȵȣԶǿԸܵõڰ֮ı仯
£֮Ǹܵı仯ĺޱþޱȣ׷עߣȻȴǸҿڰ֮Ҳû
һµľɫâͬ棬ǷǳǿȻĦ죬ҲǱϯУĲҽӵħ֮壬ǲУ
ħ֮ȷǲԷƵľɫâһжǼֵڣǻĦ챾ˣǻһ̻ңʧ䡣
ˣɫâ˵嶼ڣǷյֻʣһͷ­ڼţԵؿŷƵ
һǿᵽµ֣ȻǻˣؿҲǺղֹ
Ҳɫ£ĦȻǱᣬʱֳȷǷǳǿǼ򵥵ľɫâӵĳǴ֮
ɫâûڰ֮Ǽ˿£޷׵Ħ
ȳ̶ȵ𼶱ǿȻֻһ³ֱ޵ؽӽصļޣƾһǿʥ
̹𲢼ĴڡҲֹš
̹ΪĿߣǿȻҲ޷׵ػɱħֻ֮ƾӡڴ˵أӴǿԿ̹𲢼硣
ĦʱվǿҪֲסˣھɫâ֮£𽥵ػޣûаЯâ棬ħ֮ԣΪƣûнİ취ǳѡ
죡
أ

ң
£Ħʣһͷ­ҲǷ˽ϵĹâһӵرһӣ˵ϢһӵرüȻֻһ˲顣
Ƭ֮Ħϻɫâһӵسͷ­Ȼŵǣĺɫâһٶһ壡
Ǽ䣬ĦϢٶȵرǿ
飡
һ죬ո۶ӰʱģȻһ̣ȴٶȱըĺɫâƮɢڰ֮С
һĻ΢΢صɴԼ˫Ħʱʩչźεȵ
Ȼֱ仯ûѸٵᣬ֮󣬸½ΣһĴεıȻĴα֮󣬺ɫٶ۳һΪʵʵ壡
ȻͬĦһԣϣȴûκΰɫâմȾˡ
ΪǰôѣĦ춼޷ϴľɫâĴεɱ֮ϵľɫâǳ׵ɢˡ
⵽ʲôǱľ棬Ȼܹѳ⡭ͬԼķһ㣿ֻһĦʩչģȥΪ졣
ΪɫâЯǶħǲô׵ɢĦȴƾӲذѵ˾ɫâӶǻ
Сӣҵ㣬Ȼóתֻؾ
ʱػĦҲɫɭŷ˺⡣
ĦɫɫøΪ࣬ĦʱͬػøǿˣǸԶԸ
꣡
ȻʱĦȷͻȻشһϸ΢죬ĦҲǴһϢȻؼ࣬ʱȷǲ׽һĻﲻɵѰ˼
ĪǡĦʩչģ˵ΪܵƵԶţʱ޷ʩչתֻתӶǳ⣡
ȷĻôڣȻǶԸĦᣡ
䣡
ȻǲٸκεĻᣬҲֱӵرɱΣĦ


2995 
ƲĦκμеɱ޷ΣĦôǿᣬ޷ֹĳ֣оɫâ貣Ǽ䣬ɫâͬ貵âһӵҫ˲񷡣
ʱ򣬸һЩ½س֣Ƕǰͺ̵س˹Ҫŷƣһ̣Щ޵嶼˲仯̻ҡ
ɫâǼ䱬˼£һУǿռҲǲڻ¡
Ħҧŭŷƣٶǳֳһģĺɫ̬һεرܹ˷ƵĹǽԼ޾յС
ĦʹʧԭأǰϵƸ޾棬ȴҪƾֶ
ԴʱһĻĦ춸ȻʧƬ֮£Ҳһ£ڰ֮ҲûпĦӰϢǼòš
ȥˣ
ƵգɨӶķȴûа㷢֣ԣӿֶޣʱǶû̫Ӱ죬ЩްԼĦ֮䣬޷̫Ϊġ
Ȼ״̬֮£ȥ˰ʱĦϢͬǳ׵ʧһ㣬˲ɵûɣĦ쵽ȥˣ
ܣ廹ﱻӡţҲܲȥ·ҲǽޱȣĦʱпܻǳ֣ԲܹǴ⡣
ֵܳԽԽ࣬ȻЩޣȴ޷ͻܵķӡƣ˵ĳһЩ޵ǿ󵽿ͻƽƣƣʵϣûǱƵɻҽ
ɫâ纣Ƶжôǿ
飡
ʱѸٵرûճһӣǼ䣬һģĺӰ֮гƶȥϢȶȴҲסԼƣԼһָֻ۷Ķʢ״̬
ֻؾƺûˣħֶ֮ͨιȻǲ˼顣ƴʱҲǾ̾
ٴɱ䣬һµȻΪˣƾֶΣԼǶ˶ι
غһûֶΣȻֻǾش߶Լڵľɫâ͸ɫâ棬ӭţǼ˰Ƭ񷡣
񣬱Ħ죬ǷƾԼΪֵĶ֣ԽԼˣǲ֪ΪΣˣҲû̫ı仯еս𽥵ط
㵱Ϊҵħ֮ǰ׺ô
ȻʱĦȴͷŭԿóʱķŭˣԴ˵̹ܹԼԵôһͷ֮⣬˭ܹ˵
ȷʱĦϵĲǲԣƲһ󱲣ԼĶ֣ǴʱԼȴǱٵǱȵ˾
ա
ĦҪطȻһŭ֮£ҪʩչʱĦ쿴ȥΪؿ£ͬһħ񣬳ɫ˫Ϊı䡣
ұ죡ʩչε
·Ц˵Ӱͬڵһرȥûκεĳɣľɫâ棬ͬǷ籩һ㣬ƺƵϯӿĦ죡
ƺƵľɫâͬ籩һϯֱӵؾõƬ˲رȻĦʱȴûвõǣ嫵ľɫâУһɲâЯ޴ƻ֮׺ݶ٣
䣡
һ죬ûκεԥֱӵرǺƵϯȥȻеһâʱҲֱӵĦԴ
׽һοˣĦûлᷴӦԼһع׵ػͷ­Ǽ仯
ԼһЯ׵رĦٶʩչֻؾûκεô
â𣬺ɫâ𽥵貵ľɫâ浱УҿεǻʲôֶΣ
ˣҲûзɾ裬ǷʩչԼֶνйĹϵؾغըĦ֮ϣͼͼҲһ
Ϊͷ­ԼնƣԣȻҲܵʧĦ첻Ǳħ֮ĲᣬֻҪٵôħ֮ûκεֶԼԿ
ʵϣڷƵĲϹ֮£Ħûκε⣬ֱӵرըһ࣡


2996 
䣡
ȻʱǱǻһĦ죬ʱȴǶȻػ貵ĺɫâޱȣһ̣ٶһͬǰһ㣬׵رܿ˷Ƶ
ںɫ浱У·ٶһ
ôܣô
ȻƴʱȴǾޱȣ⵽ô£ĪʩչֻؾȻ֮ôǱըòˣȻܹ
£ƾˣǾͬԼ֮ϰķһ㣬ӵ֮ͬ
Īǣħ֮ӵе̹µһ
ǣʱĦ죬ȴǶȻͷųһֵ͵ظһķģ˲رͬһ㡣
һĻ׽һ£ӦĳطȻĻĦٶ
ħ£
£ĦûκεĳɣǼµħӰ˲ʧԶһһâֱƶ
ĳٶǿ£
Լ֮ӦҲ׽ܵľɫâ͵ӿ֣ͬӭţӭսĦ죡
䣡
һɺ嫵ƣϯƬ񷶼ǻŤ򣬰ǷƣǱУǣûпκεӰеֻһεɱ
Ȼӷľɫ棬ȴҪԿŤƺʮֵ룬εش߶ɫ棬ܹЩŤ
⵽ʲô
оޱȣŤ֮ЯһɼΪµȻɫȴ޷ֻ֮ǲ棬ȴ޿ײ룬ǰ
䣡
ƻâţͬһսڵѸٵתݻ˿εŤռ֮УȻر˾޴
Ȼһ˲䣬ּΪǿȻȴǼɫ䣬Ϊڸղŵһ˲䣬ܵһʹĸо̲סǷһ˲䡣
ĦʱʩչĲһǿֱӵع֮͸һеӾɫĴڣǽ֣Ƹǲ֪
ҿǣԺ֮ĴڣǵסһȻĻղһ˲Ĺ˵ˡ
ֶԾ֮䣬һ˲ķ񣬶ǿռ
ֱɱ
ȻޱȣδǼʶܹ͸һеֱֵ꣬ѹħ𣬿һ֮ϵоǸϴ˵
꣬κһǿ߶ԣһûˣܣȻһܵ˻ԵĹôһֲɸľ統С
һΣĦʩչصģӴŶǸǵһּ£Ĺȵظ֪õǱܿȥͬЧ
ҲܹˣΪʲôڷƵľɫ浱Уȴûܵκε˺
ȻĿҵ꣬Ȼڽҽж᣿
ҲغһҲǲ˲ΪԶԸȻʱĦ޷ʩչȫȻǲöսˡ
ˣҪԵĴǷƵؼ֣ͬһʱĦøǿ󣬲Ҷľɫ湥ܹߵظӦڤڤ֮Уһԣ÷·硣
˸ղŵһڴ߶ſͬʱͬҲǴ߶ΪأǿħΨһ
Ħʱ״̬ȻܹӦɫһй򣬵ǰǱҪܹƵķΧ֮УҲ˵ľɫâ޷Ħв
Ȼ˵ĻôΨоǶȫ֮
֮˫Ϊأɫâ𽥵ȡǾɫ棬ͬ嫵˲ûĦ
ȻʱĦĶԲȴ˲غˣ߶ΧǼҪƾնϷ֮ϵͼǽմ򿪣Ȼ
ʵϣ޷նϣĦԼһЩɫâմȾϣʹ಻Ȳ֮£ͨ죬ǿԸ֪һЩҲ޷ȫرܿ
ǿͬħ֮ĴڣҲòɵķӡ˺ȻĻЩɫâǿԽ


2997 
ǲʲô
Ҳŭһ˵屩ɫâƬ񷣬һ˲֮£ͬһƬɫ󣬺̸Ƕ¡
ԷĦһ·ҲѰ˼Ӧ֮ɫâͬһˮ壬ͷ˲γһס
ͷֻ¶˷Ƶһ˫˫ֱĦ죬һ̣׵رԼŴ˵صĽƣ˹
һɸΪ֮Ǵ˵صĽһ̣ڷĹ֮ͬ£Լظ˹ħ֮ʱҲ˾㵡
̫ˣ
ǿ˵ǳϤǰħͨ׵նϣҰԼӡ̹꣬
ȻʱȻر˫ܵһֲɣͬǿԽʱĺԶŽٵԼظһĨ
ֹһֵ״̬֮УûκεĳɣǸܵԼڵһֵľ統У־ܴȻ£޷˵Ҳû飬Ϊ֮£ڵһ޷еٶڱţ
ԼһּΪİĴͲ
ǵҲǹ˲ô࣬Ħ죬̺ħ֮ʵʤ㲢ͻȻڷƶԣҲǲһ¡
ȻʱŽƵһֹĦɫҲиһĨ֣̹꣬޷ɱΪͬΪԼħʼϵħ岢λοͬǿĴڣٵ磬ǲܱɱġ
λ֮г˳Խ̹ǿߣĻ޷ɱħǿߡ
ҪܹԽ̹ǿߣǼʿǷǳãΪ籾̹ģҪԽһǳ顣
ƽ˫ûע⵽Ħɫ仯Ħ׽ΪʱڷƵͷϣԼظһ޴Ӱ
ӰĦ쳹׵رþޱȡ
̹𣡡
ĦҧгݵֻϧƲ֪ʱԼ飬ȻڷֵһӰԽʵҲǷǳؿ£
Ħɫ䣬̲סǶ࿴˷ƼۣǸֳɣԲܵ£̹ʧˣˣôܻ֣
ԣһĲԲܻţ
ĦҰοصȻµٶ̹
ڷһӰƬ֮󣬱۳ͣȴģޱȣǿӰǳʲôģȴܹоõһɹɻص
Ҳţһ꣬Ҳ÷ˣ
Ħ춸Ȼŭһһ̣Ҳ˫ֺʮϵӡȱ仯֮£ĦݶĺɫâǼ䣬ݻɵ˿Сâֱӵرǹᴩգ
գ𣡡
Ħһŭ¹һĻǷˣΪĵĿռ䣬ɫâ˿˿ƣ˲ס˷ԲǷڵС
Ȼһ̣Щɫâͬһ㣬˲и˿ռ䣬һƬγƬƬ֧Ĳһ㣬ĸ֣һɹ֮дľ޴ռУ
ԶԶؿȥͬһ纣ɫ˻ֿӣȥΪؿ£
ĦһԼͨռǿеиƬͼж
õ飬ǵµİ취ֹŽصȻĻҲûаտԲ²õǷʲô飡
غһĦ쿴ǰԼʩչⷽԲĿռ䶼Ǳ˲иڷֵһ޴ӰʱҲڳ
ɫâȴǲûܵӰ죬ԣȴ𽥵ƽƽе죡
Ħ΢΢ؽüͷǰһĻƺе㿴͸ˣȻڴʱڷһ޴ӰֻǼ򵥵̧ƣȻѹ
򵥵ĶȴǸһּΪ𺳵ĸоͬһ֮£


2998 Զŵ
һ֮£ǳ𣬸ûκεأĦз
˿µһƣĦӦֳܱѺ۵Ŀռ䣬˲ֱӵ
ûӰ֮£ܵĿռ䱾ӦǴĦƿصУԱǽֻӷĦû뵽ǡ
ԷȻ˵ֱӣһֱӵܵĿռ䣬ǣͬĦҲһֱӵƻ
Ҳ˵Ħʩչһ˲䣬׵ʧȥκεã
εĺѹ͵ؽ٣鲼ڰ֮ԭǽӽĽƣһ̣ȻٶȻ˸Ϊǿ
̹𣡣ôܣȻûлع磡ĦҲ˫ŭɣǲ²⵽ˣӰȷ̹Ȼȴô벻ףԭӦǻع磬ٶȳ̹Ϊλٶȳ֣
ƴʱѵĻȻǴһڵһȫش߶֮£Ȼǻ̹Ӱֱŵ顣
ƺûĻĦ㹻ķӦһӰѹ죡
Ǽ䣬ɫâƬ񷣬һͬǿԽʱ䳤ӽٵİܵһУڰ֮ڲţĿȥڰֳ֮һֳԵɫâ
ͬҹĶ֮Ǽ䴫ݳѰеĺ޶ֹͣ˻ֵؿźڰ֮ڵķǸǲʲô飬ȻȴһԴѹ֮
ڰ֮ϵĽƾرɫâ׵طܵĿռ䣬õĦûκε뿪ĿԣȻʱЩɫâͬ֩˿һסĦ졣
ȻǿʱĦ죬ӵħ֮Ҳûѵ
ʱǳĳֵľ統УֵһĻûκεĸ֪ȻֵһӰȴǶδͣ¡
еӡϵظ֣ǸΪǿ
Ħʱ޷ĲҽȴûκεĶƬ֮󣬿ؿɫâ֮еĦ죬ֹͣ
ǿظоõϴݶԽԽ΢ˣǿ˵𽥵΢һ΢ĳ̶ȣ
˵ϵ΢ҲǴţħ֮Ǳѹţһǳ׵رѹħ֮޷ٶǴݶȻͲκΪ
Ħ죬ʱҲһûκʬѣ
ʱĹȥܿģĦ쳹׵ֹͣ˫֮еĳ֮ɫ𽥵ɢˣ˵壬Ҳɫâ֮лޣͬǱһ㣬׵ʧ֮䣡
𣡡
һĵŭ͵ػ˺ڰ֮ŭ֮Ǽ䣬ڰ֮ǻعƽûκεĲһлָ
ǣɫâͬǺ嫵ڰ֮û浽Ƿʲô飬֮ĺ޶ǸܵһԴĲ
֪ǹȥ˶ã֮ĺǸܵƽǹɺ˵ѹȫɢˣˣЩҲµؿźڰ֮ķ
ʱںڰ֮ϣҲٶȻ˫ɨһܣȴǸһĨãȻ
ʲô飿
ţɨܣûĦĴڣϢûУͬûгֹһ㣡
Ȼ㵵ǣܵĽƲٶǱøӵǿΪʱڵȫûа취תһתһ˿Ҳ޷ܣ
ơȻǱǰΪǿˣâڸղԼ״̬֮£Ƿʲô飿ΪĦ첻ˣܵĽҲǱøΪǿ
Ī޸Щƣ
£Ҳֻܹز²ţϾԶԣڸղŵǵ״̬֮£ǲǷʲô飬еɻǣΪʲôǳǵ״̬
յԣ߶Ҳǽǵεľ磬ȻԼƺǵ״̬л治ǳҲ̫ˡ
ϸƬ֮վûеóһ𰸣Ҳҡҡͷϸ룬µȥƺǲãԣƵøӵǿҲ˵ܹѹħ֮


2999 
Ƶǻָ統״̬ȻҲǲҪνħ֮ҲǱٶȷӡǧ֮ڣ޷
УƵҲˣ׷ɱĦ죬ؽħ֮ķӡƣڤڤ֮УƺĳصָǰС
ȻҲǾ÷ǳ£Ҳ޿κΣ飬Ҫȥġ
ʱƾǷڤڤ֮Уôһ˵ƾ˼ǧҲûиĽͣҲֻǲ֮
ҲֻҪһˣôһεĿ꣬ɾˡ
Ǿöһ嵱λŵ֮࣬ڵһʯȻʯȥĻܹǹˡ
غһҲɨӹܣͼѰŶصʯȻѰ˴֣֮Ƭ룬һ̳ͬһĵطȴһʯ
һأʯ·Ƴһ£Ҳֱӵ˹ȥϸع۲š
һʯһֺϤĸоͬһ˼Ƭ̣ҲûκεӡҲҡҡͷѰ˼ţܹʯȡߡ
΢΢ع۲һ£ʯŷǳ֮·ģҷܹܵõʯ֮ϣһµάϵŴ˵صĽơ
üͷ·ҲɻԼĶǿʯô
Ҫ֪ʯã൱ۣһƶԣǷǳҪĶǲܻǱ׵ȡӣƺǲԼ
˼֮£Ҳǻó̽ӣȻװжһһ̽һ֮󣬷ƱǲһֵĲ̽洫ݶȥŴ˵صĽӦ
⵽ô£
·Ҳ͵صɴԼ˫ۣǷʲô飬Ȼ΢΢ر˫ϸظӦһ֮ǻȻ
ԭˣ
˵صĽƣȷǵ̹õĶȴǼΪš
Ϊƣǵһߵɣǰ̹꣡ɱһߣǻٵһ塣
չͷ֮£ҲǻȻ֪Լ˵ĴͿ̿ѹҲ̹飬ԣǣһ塣
ԸԼһ塣
̹Ҳⶫһ巸µĹҪ˳еԲŻ˽顣
һߣԼ꣬ǻ˽Ƶһ֣ΪƵĵڶһ壬̹ΪͷжһѪ涼˽ƣ޷뿪֮
ȴһ·֮˿µִ࣬ڰ֮ȡʯôһ壬ܹǴյĽ֮߳
ȥһ屾Ȼûа취ܹڰ֮ϾѾ޷ȻһǱҶ֮Σյ򣬸ǲ˳
֮£һ壬ûκȣ֮£Ƶĳ֣ȴǳΪ˶һϣ
¶ˣҲǳһ鿴ԼϲǸһߵȷҲ̾ȻǱħƻˣյĹͷ֮£ѹԼΪԼµĹ
Ҳȷ
Ȼۣҵĵڤڤ֮ţˣҾΪǶһѰɡ
ҲغһôȥˣһǷµĹȻҲǵõӦĳͷôͷˣȻҲöһ˳ܡ
£ؽ̳ӰڷʯĸʯΪģ˲رһµĹ죬ͬһʱ䣬̳Ҳ˲ԶѶ
һĹâֱӵû֮УǼ䣬ڰ֮Ϊ֮һ£¡ͬһһ㡣
־ԼĪǳ˰ʱ֮󣬲𽥵ƽƴʱҲǲõʯȻɶˣǸղǵȣֱӵû档
ʯɶĺۼҲһȻôȻҲǿԴʯ뿪ڰֻ֮Ҫǰʯ˶һ壬ôһܹ֮߳
·ҲûκγɣȻһ̣ȴǷϲһĻ


3000 ս꣡
£һʯǰµĿӶȴʱʱֹһĨĹâǷ֮ǰƳһۣĻ
ҪתߵķƣʱҲһ£ֱӵٶϸزŪȴǷ֣ʯ֮£ȴǱһ塣
Ȿһö壬һŹֵķӡֻʱ򣬲֪ǺεԭȴһΪأ֮С
ȻʱȴǲϵھЩɢǰ嶼Ǹȫش֮ͳȻʱ򣬷Ʋǽһöպһ
Ǽ䣬öѵ壬Ƿһ΢ĹâȻȴ΢΢仯һɫΪǼ䣬֮ϣܵõһƣ
Ƹ֮ʣоޱȣһ˸ܵһһֲ
ƺ嵱Уʲôؼգǽɲ
о㵣öˣ˭Ϊλɢ˵ƣֱǺţɨӶҲʯĿӶ֮Уɵüͷ
ӣö壬Ǳѹʯ֮µģĪɣǽʲô˲ħ
뵽һ㣬Ƹǲκεķ֮⣬ʱö壬ȴûɢκεĲԾеֻǹɲơ
þùƽϢȴһ΢Ĺâ
ƽüͷеö壬֪Ϊ죬ǲҪߣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ƺҲǱʯѹģǻǾºڰ֮һ㣬óȻؽߣպǷʲôԤƵ飬¾Ͳˡ
뵽ҲٶҪöУȻöȴǹ죬ƺ²⵽˷Ƶһ΢һȡ
ö˲۳һâֱӵڷǰ۳һӰ
һĻʶ˺˰벽һ֮⣬ڵ֮תֻҪ΢е㲻Ծǵһʱ̳֡
֮۶ӰܿǱȻʱƲǿһ˵ףȻΪģҲǿԷֱ䡣
˭
ȵؿʵ¶ĽǺ֮ɫö̺һ꣬ҲǷ˼
Ȼȴǻ˫һʱɨһܣ¶һֿϲͬؼһ㣡
ңǰȰյѹˣ
ӰЦɫȴûзɣﰵңô죬ƺԼ˵һ㡣
㵽˭
ٶѯʵʱԳңӰǻعǰķƣɵһ£Ǻɵصҽ˳
ȣ
ƿһе壬ʼҪô⣬Ǿǰɡ
ܺãܵ˵󣬲Ż⵺ϡңһܣʯǱƴߣȡ֮һص̳ӡ
Ǹ̳ӣң¶һֵɫȻⲢûѵƵĹ۲죬·Ҳһ㶣ԺȻһ⣬ң˵ˡ
һǸţ
˵նһǸţֺȻΪң
ǶһǸߣƴʱüͷʵȴɻôỹţԣӦǱ̹ɱˣһҲ
ƺԼ֪顣
˵ңǿʯҲǱˡңԣҲǵһЦ˵ûҾǶһǸˣΪŰǸˡ
˵ң¶һֿЦϾͲǷ£ħǿߣҲ˳ؽٵ磬ûƻĻԣͲᷢ
ûնһ峤ϵиǰ̳ӽʯҰʯȥûκȻңĻôȻǲõˡ
Ͼô˵Ҳ֪ңȻǷ¹;֪
Ǳãһ֮壬֪ȥ˶꣬һܵҲˡңĬƬ̣ǻص
Ϊλţ̹𵱳ǰôƽüͷʵǹؼ⣬ԣ˶˵ңĽƣң껹ںϡ


3001 
ڷƵѯʣңһӵرǳĬһ£Ƭ֮ǻ̧ͷŷʵϣǷ飿
ң⣬Ϊ㵣Ҳǵ˵ͷⲢûʲôģϣȷǴ飬޿ɷϣҲǵ˵ͷ
Ȼˡ
ң¶ӵɫһ۷ƣҡҡͷ֪
Ȼ̹ع֮飬ɢ֮䣬̺˲ܡƳһµɴʲôϵ
̹꣬ûг׵ĨɱңǰҵΪڰ֮ƵĺģάƵת
ңĬһµҲǿˣ˵صĽƣûкĻ˶ãͻǱħ֮ʴҲ֪˶ã콵飬˺ڰ֮ϣҲԸؽ֮еǼһ̬
þħ֮ʵ̫ǿˣнƵĴڣҲ޷ֹûãٵ飬ǱȾҲʧȥ»ع嵱С
ΪңҲǱ˳˯֪Ʋܹάֶá
˵ƶʱ˹ⶼ̹µֶΰҲ̫˼ˣȻһһһۣ콵һ̿ʼ̹ƺԤϵһĻڤڤ֮Уںڰ֮ƿҪɢʱ˺ڰ֮
Ƶ̺飬ȻǿԺ׵ػѴ˵صĽƣٶǽħ֮ѹţΪǰľǣңȱ˯Ҳٶȵ˹
ԭˡƻȻףҲǲɵóޣ̹ǹŽһˣˣҲǿԤ֪δԺִƣܹڵİš
̹Ǻε֮ˣͨǿġңҲҡҡͷǵΪǽӴ̹ˡ
ƳĬ΢΢ص˵ͷʵҲˣ̹Ůʥǵֶܹͨõģǲ٣̴档
֪Ϊʲôĳô
ʱңʵɫΪŹֵؿһ۷ơ
Īǲ̹ôһ£Ҳ¶һԵɫ
ȻûңЦЦ֪ܹӵĶһˣοͬȣϾȻӵڶ顣
ʼ򣬶һ㣬Ҳɻ벻ʲôҲû˸Ծǲϡ
Ϊ̹ͬŵУѾǻع˻ô
ʱңȴͻȻص
ԣһӱסˣ֪ңΪͻȻôʣ͵һâƺ׽סʲôȷʵΪޣû͸
壬£ȻΪƬ̹ŮʥǻǱ˽øİ塣ңҲǻصҲ֪ңʧԼ˺ܶȴһʱ䣬ҴħǱߣӴһЩ޵塣
壿Ƶɴһ˫ۣԼزöƺԼǰһǰδӴ
ν壬ҲǿγȻ״̬ģĲһѡңصˣȴڣܹһʽȥô̹ǿĴڶԣ
Ǽ䣬Ժһǰôһֱû̹ŮʥǺεص֮ڣΪֻأ
Ե£ƺ뵽һЩ⣬̹ûôֻγ֣Ĵڣʲô塣
üͷƴʱҲԽò򵥣ڤڤ֮Уͬһ֣Ȼڵˣ֮еһӣ
Ҳ޷̹־Ϊر̹죬ֻҪز̹Ȼǻ᲻ŮʥͬҲǣ壬ֻҪеŮʥǳ档
ңΪصҲô̹Ůʥһûϵ
΢΢ر˫жʱһֲˬĸоΪԵʣڿƺԨԴĻҲǵڣǱǣ档


3002 ԺЦ
ˣΡ
˼Ƭ֮󣬲ǻ̧ͷЦЦ£кεȹϵ
㻹ûף㣬һ֮࣬ѵûʲôңصֱŷƣƺҪֱӵؿƵġ
ҲЦЦҡͷ˵ˣǵȾ£ҹأȥᣬҲûǸǴ֮УҪô˳Ӧ⣬ҪôС
ѡǣңֵĻش΢΢һ㶣ҲǺɵؿһ۷ƣԣͣεȻ˲ɣĿ
̤һʼǿʼ֮·ûش𣬶仰Լ̬ȣʵڷƶԣ̹޹أΪûǸպǱǣһЩ飬ôҲֻܹǵʱ˵
̹Ůʥ飬龳ǿߣҲδܹ²õϾһĴڡ
뷨ܶأǰһЩ龳ǿߣδ־򡣡ңʱҲǵصΪȻǺܸߣȻ𾳣Ȼʯԣȷǲһ㡣
޳ԺЦʼҲƳһңʵ֮󣬻Ҫڰ֮ϣ
ңĬһ£ҲҪˣӹ̣ǲҪ
кδ㣿Ҳ΢΢Ķһ¡
ŷƵ⣬ңҲ̧ͷȻ¶һãȻɫǵģȥܹȥ
ȻҴضһ塣ϸһ£ҲǶң
öһ֣ңɫȻǱ仯˲٣ƺĶˣܿɫҡҡͷˣҾǸˣ겻ңһ壬ҲܵЩҪΪҳô䡣
ңĻõ÷ƳĬô˵ЩǹȥˣȻңΪȷ뻢ıƤҲǴӺڰ֮лԼһеҲɢˡ
ʵȥģ޷ôƺܿ뵽Ĺؼ
ң˵ͷȷͬ˵޷ԼˣȻˣǲڣô˵˶ԣǶһˣĻһǲܵôʹࡣ
ʵôȥˣµĹҲӦɢˡЦЦ˼Ƭ̱ǵɣҴضһ壬㲻Ҫ¶һܹԸֲҪоΪѡ
ŷƵ仰ңǰһҲüͷɵؿһ۷ƣСӣ磬˰ң»ҪҴӦʲô°ɣ
ЦҡҡͷǰˣƣֶֺΣǰɷģҾԲκεҪǿ㣬㲻Ը⣬ǵû˵
£ң˳Ĭƺ˼ţȥһ忴һ£Ͼǿ壬ԭĽȥ
ҲǲżԱ߿ңͬԼ˵ģûҪκε棬񵽴Ϊ磬ǵλǺٶܹۡ
ңǿ߲Ҳһ꣬һЩİ취ǴȻǿҲֻ
ǿڶһôͬʱоϧͬʱҲǶħܹңмֹĿ࿴ĸо
ŻҪһңԸ
Ƭ֮ңҲ̧ͷŷƣ¶һɫԸң
ûʲôƭġһңľҲ̫˰ɣˣôħġ
ãҾڴ˶лˣֻȥһԼ塣ңҲغһȻǶŷƾϹţһĻæɫ䣬ֹľٶ
ң壬Ȼ޷ֹ
˵ǰǺηƿЦõص
ǴܶңǶڶһԣ㶼ܹܵ𡣡ңϵص
ЦЦû˵ȻҲûе֮԰һ壬ܴĳ̶ȣҲΪ飬ӴӦһ䣬ȻҲǲ˵طա
һεĺڰ֮νһãĦҲǳ׵ˣǸϢǼĽƣҲһջ


3003 
£ҲǾˣң뿪ڰ֮ңصⶫһ֮ڣԲңһԸ
ҲǰһöϵУȻʱö壬ң壬ֻҪöߣôȻҲǻңϡ
ڷҪ뿪ڰ֮ʱȴǷһε⣬Ǿ뿪ڰ֮ԼСʱȴǷ֣Լڵλã޷ֱ
Ҳ˵ããĶ֮ϣǳ׵ʧԼķ
⡭
һʱ֮䣬Ҳе㲻֪ˣⶫ֮ȫûκε뷨巽Ū
ףȻ
ȻʱңĲлٶǸֶ˷ƽµľҲ¶˾ȵɫ
ӦǶһģȷ档ҲʼС֮Ҳõ۽磬ңӦǲİ
ţ֮ǰһƷĶܹԶѰҵõڰ֮꣬ΪҵӡңҲص
ԣǰһɵǴ㵵ʵ˵ĻӦܹ߶صߣ
û⣬ͬҲǶһꡣңȻҲΪϤСԶȷƸΪϾġ
ȻãȻȥɾˡҲǹһЦȻңаյĻȻã˺֮ǡ
תһ´Ľƣصߵ꣬ˡңҲǵЦǣ˿ռ䷨ãڲͬ⣬ƲϤҲǲΪ档
·Ҳǰĵؿңʩ߶ľҲ΢΢˸һ¹âǻתͬĳĴ߶Զȥ
ˣСϵƺ̫㹻ˣӦйռ䷨ɣʱңҲѯʵ
ţ˿ռ䷨İ塣Ҳص
壿
ңɵؿһ۷ƣɵǸȤʵְ壿
һ£Ҳǲ׵صռ尡
֪ÿһַռ壬ʵֹһ֣ռ䷨Ļ򵽵ռǹڶλֻҪȥ˿ռ꣬طηܹ׵طء
ңص
ӺԵİҲأһΪռֻһ֡ʼռ壬ޡ
ôҲͦҼǵ̹Ǹһų֮ɵǿߣͬҲȰ塣ҾǼ̳֮ǰĵͳġƺٺһЦ
ԵǲǳǸ֮Ҳһһĸ֡ңЦЦȻǲ򵥡
Եɺ϶ѡҲΪǫص
Ȼʱ򣬾ͻȻطС뿪˺ڰ֮ķΧŰߵķʻȥ
Ƿƽ˾ڷң̸ʱС뿪˺ڰ֮ķΧȻҲûע⵽뿪ڰ֮Χʱܵĺ֮£صһЩޣȴǼж
ޣӵŷǳõˮԣںУΪóԼϢ·ƺңҲû̫⣬ûвһĻȴǷӦʱȴǷСǿʼֹͣǰ
ΪܶЩΧˣ
ڶֱ࣬ӵõСֹͣǰȻЩҲǷǰδ˸оõŹ֡
е㲻ƼʶЩ޵ķ˿ǲηϴѾ̹һΣƺһοΪؼѡ
ЩޣԵ޹ʵؾۺһ𣬲סǣⱳƺĳߵȺָʹǡңƺϤЩޣҲһһط
޻֣Ҳһµ
ȻУǰЩֻΪѰĺޣûʲôǻۣڶ֮ȴһЩ޲ֻĺޣǵΪȻǼΪֲ
˵ֻȴʱδڿĻǺڰ֮󣬾ⶫ֮ĳЩˡȻǲ޴⡣
ڰ֮ĶȻǲ򵥣֮һЩǿĺܹܵõΪ棬ЩҪԸԼˡ


3004 
£ٵĴΪΣܵЩޣǶţȫûиκεĻܣǷܵĿռ䣡
һοԺ֪ⶫ֮ǴŶٵޣ
ڿô죿Ҳɫý࣬һοɲһˣЩȻбͻȻ뵽ͬҲǱϮһԼޣǷʲôϵ
ϸ룬ƲɵشǰЩޣЩޣƺԼϴӳò࣬пܾͬһޡ
Ī֮Ź
ҲǲɵǸɻ
ң΢һҲǵЩޣƺûǸ˼Ҫ㶯֣ȻĻҲƽ
˼ǣ
΢΢һ㶣Ҳ˹Źֵͷ
ЩڿȥֻҪѣ˵ǵı󣬺пĻʹңصȻܼ򵥣ⶫ֮ϣܹЩ޵Ĳĸѣֻǿ£һҪѡ
֮ޣΪ֮ͳμĴڣֱǾ۱󸣬צ۰צ㣬ɫħ㣬µĺޣӦŴ
ǵ۷Ĵڣ仰ԣǾǿŷȴᲢ۵ǿߣ
һ£ƴʱ޵ؽӽ񽫾ȻޣȴӵƵʵǲò˾ȣǷƣҲǲκε֮ġ
ڶ֮Щ޶ԣҲǵȵطΪ֮սڷƿνǴز
غһҲɨӶΧסԼЩޣвɵǾɨӹܣҲѰЩ֮УʲôһĴڡ
Ȼ֮ܿǲˣЩҵĺ֮УȻǵϢÿڶ࣬Ҳ޷εһЩЩ޵УһĻĴڣ
ûв´ĻӦþһЩΧסԼ
뵽һ㣬Ҳ΢΢ر˫Цһ£ֶΣҪ̽ԼôǶ֮ҪӲĸ֮һޣҲδǾ¡
ͷ֮󣬷Ҳ΢΢ƫͷо۳һ貵ľɫâǼ䣬¡ľ޴쳹طһɹǿ˲
˲ؾɢ֮ܣڷƵ֮£ܿؾһЩ޷˲ŭȻЩΪͼĺޣﱾܣ˷Ӧ
ʱӷõЩ޼ɵ
ɣ
ɨһܣĺ֮࣬ʵûǸһһȥѰңԿ϶ǣЩ޵Уп϶һѰġ
Ե£ܼ򵥣ǾǱȶԷ֣
ƺȥƵûκãܵĺޣûа㷴ӦΪڶ࣬ηڷɢͬģڲǡ
Щ޼ǿ־壬ǲȥҲֻΧŷơ
ȻϳǾݹ飡
ƵͳŭǼ䣬еľɫâֱӵػ˵ףӿսٶ£ǰЩޣ˲رǻ׵еޣ
ڷѹ֮£ЩΪͼĺޣûκεĵֱֿӵػ
ֻҪһͷƱɱͷޣ嫵ɫ棬ʱȻԼȾЩѪζʼɢȥ
ƵֻҪʹԷٶ󣬶Էûκζ÷ΪˬҲ⡣
ɨһܣٸһλᣬȫɱҲ֪Ҿ
ǳĬûдκεҲʼ򣬼ȻҪ˵̽ԼôҲûбҪ飬ЩޣӶѡ
غһ·˸ЩɫâǼ䣬˵ƱǱÿһɹɱ֮ڿʼ
˫ֶǻؾ֮ɫâǣڷͷƬ񷣬ҲԼظһĨĨƣ¡ľϵظֶ
ʱǷ׼Ҫɱֵı֣ʱû÷ʧڶຣ޵УһƲѰϢȻظֶ


3005 צ룡
һƲѰϢȻظ֣Ҳ˫΢УϢֵĵһʱ䣬ǲõˣຣǸشڣˡ
֡
һΪҲǴƬ֮Щ޾ɢȥڷǰһһޣͨȴǺɫ
ǰһӰԺ֮Уʱǲ²⵽ߺˣⶫ֮УµѹŶ֮ޣУһȻצ
ǰֵôԿ϶ǣޣצɳġ
·Ҳɢеİһעǰɫ㵽Ǻˣ˭ģ
ǰɫҲҡһ䣬ȴǻһϮȹŮӣȥΪͣΪ֮УܹԻεģǵ͵ȥ
Ҹצ˴ǰһۡ
ɫŮҲǲصŷƣҲ¶˲ɫ֮УʱȻܹǵﶫ֮ˣҪ֪֮δǳֹˡ
צ
΢΢س˼һ£ҲںǷҪǰȥһνԱߵңҲȥɣȻĻ޷֪ԼһƬצ֪λãǾܹǾطذߡ
ң˵òûеⶫ֮УûбȺ޸֪Ĵˡ
ãצͳһľͷ֮룬ҷĳˣвȥ֮ɣ鷳·ƵбǾˣҲûоܾ
ͷ
ȹŮҲǳЦ˱ǳ˷ˣǰȥ
˵ֹƺֹ磿ڹ̵УҲ̽Եѯʵ
Ƕ֮ޣ޷뿪֮ȹŮҲǻشŶһƣ޸ˣ޷뿪֮
Ȼ£ҲΪ¶˾֮ɫȷǲ֪Ҳûй˵
ңԶʱ˵Ƿ¹̹˽ƣһ壬ޣҲ޷뿪ֻ֮һЩΪΪصޣܹʱ뿪󣬳ڰߣʱȴǷǳޡ
ԭˣҿƺǽܹһЩ½ķ֪ʶƽɻǰͷһ޲һ㣬ĸоһ㡣
ҵף½֮ˣҸమŻǵңױڸ½ķ֪ʶĪҪ֡ȹŮҲǻش
ˣԳƺС䡣
£ҲǻȻԭǰ䣬ǴĺޣһѪͳҲܹˡ
ǲˣˣ䣬Ƕ֮ĸλãҲǿͿѯʵɫ֮ҲûбǰǵȾԣϾǰŮӻһѪͳ
Ȼǲ֪ԣҲ¶˾ȵɫɵ¶˹Źֵɫŷƽ͵Ƕ֮Ķߣƹܵĺ򡣡
ԭˣ˵ؾ밶߻жԶ
Ƶ˵ͷҲǼ׷ʵ
ߣ֪Ҵû뿪˴ҲǸиǰѰ㡣ʼ
һǰ䣬ǲŵĹأҲǲɵֵʵε֪ҵλõģ
ħĲ֮ĺ嶼ܹܵõһֱĴǿ߶ڼŶħһεĲѰܶǿҪ֪ħ浽Ƿʲô顣
Ѱҵõ㣬Ϊ뿪ħʱ򣬸պǱǵǿ㱨ҵĸףԸ״ҲǾ㵽һۡû˿
ԭˣǻһ£ҲӦĻǷ񻹻ǿ룿
Ҳͷʵ
ȻΪ뿪ķ򣬸պǾԶҲܹһһ㣬ܹǿˡ
Ҳʵػش
ԣɵǵ˵ͷǿеĺڰӦþǺڰ֮ˣЩҲ˵ãȻɳǿ߼źڰܹ֮һʱ֪ԼĶ
ȵȡ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ʊǲ˲Ծĵط֮ЩޣΪҪ˵عעڰ֮Ī⵺컹Щʲôϵ·Ҳɻ


3006 
£Ҳ̧ͷź䣬ĪνĶħǺޣʲôϵһ£ҲֱӵصûħĴڣǽǺ޵޷뿪֮Եʣ޷ħ˵ǵ¼У˴ε֪ǳ˶ħڶ֮޾ͷеĹע㡣
ҪҵϵõڶħôƳҲ˹ЩޣȻͼı
׼ȷ˵Ҫ֪ܹǶ֮ޣ뿪Ƭ򡣡䲻ɵǵͳƽصǣǵĺܶȱȣǶǱⶫ֮ȻΪͨ죬Ҳ޷뿪֮벽
ҪϣڶħϵõʲôҲ΢΢һЦѹЩ˵ؿԼԭôһصԭ
ǵģҲһһĻᣬľͲˡҲ΢΢ǸһЦȻеðҪ黳
ҡҡͷʾⲻ⣬ʵϣҲҪһһЩæƺԼûȥЩ֮ˡ
ãȶħϵĿˣôǲ֪ͨһ
ȻʱһЦҲͬ𣬷Ϊ̧ͷ鲢򵥣һεĶ֮վҪЩ޴򽻵
⣬ǳǸһ
ҲôǸˣ˵ؾһξ룬е㼬ˡ
úĻüΪصĪʲôⲻɣ
ʱҲ̾һӦüǵ˵֮ĸͷڼŶħǰʱһΪӣƺѰҵ
νĳǺεˣ׷ʵΪȻߣҲһǿʱͬҲ¶˾ɫɵ˲ɣ죬Ǻεˡ
ͷ֮еľΪ˵ãһΪɲ⣬ֻΪԸΪع죬νǷǳ׺ݶɫ
ãŹǰ˵˵ң
ʱһЦǰĿռǳһĨƬ֮һ۵ӰҲǸֶͬҲǺ޻ζ
죡֮Ĵ޾ͷ֮о
ǰĳ죬һͷɫĳȴǹɫƤΪذܣȥΪˣȴһĨЦ⡣
죬˵һƺԵ޹ʵǰǷװɡڳ켫ΪϤҲ˿ص
ڷƣڴʱҲڲɣⶫ֮ĺޣҲǲͣĴͷ֮ҲǴŷһӺͳ֮ıֿԿó
ã˵ֻǳδ㣬˼ԲðǰѡƤ˵һ٬֮ȷɫδκα仯෴ȴ¶Щ⡣
𳶵ô죬һ岢ӭ㣬߰ɣ졣
ֱӵǳ첢û飬˷ƵϣɵǣһЦãҲǲ˵ˣĿʲôҲ
һ壬뿪
üͷų죬֮гɲǾɲ
ã㻹̫ˡ
ȴǹһЦƬ֮󣬲ǻֹͣЦɫȴʧ˸ղǵЦ⣬ȡ֮һ⣬ֱŷƵߣô򵥡
죬ݣҲԼվ˭ĵطϣ䵱±ŭˡ
Σ˿ص˵ؾһξ룬֮䷢սܹǿ֮£ȵǸ֮ʣҽô
˵仰ʱɫ֮ţǿ֮෴ȴ¶صɫȻڳ˵ģΪɵ
أãҲ֣㻹ǰ˽ұˡЦеص
һĻҲ̾һȻǹˣƺҲ̫Դ˰ɣҪԼߣҲ˵İ͸ô
ȻʱҲغһƳһ۷ƣҲƵص죬аҸ㡣
ԣǰһȻ˵ʶʱǾûбҪ˷Լʱˣ
ǰԼӦߡ


3007 ˭
˻һ³һ£ɵؿһ۷ƣɵҡҡͷЦãĲˣⶫܹ֮Υҵˣɲࡣ
ôҿĿԴصתҲһֱǸɫŷƣƺѯƵ½⡣
ҲΪΣȻǺ̯˦ԼģҲףпܾǺǳؼɵ죬ԣɵǾ塣
ϾǶ֮ĺ޾ͷ˴֮Ĺϵ϶Ϊ΢
֮ܶϾǺ䣬ҲҪعܵų֮ľ
һϣҪ߷ƣȻǲϣǳ˵û˵ؾһξ룬Ȼȫǿǿ߸Ϲ֮ǰԸԼ
ԼԲǳĶ֣Ϊǿĺǿ
Ȼ÷Ʊߣϻ۵ĺֱӵؾǰ˦˵ˣţҲǲųߣųԸƶз
Ȼ俴͸ƵΪҲʮֵƾԲǼܹ֮϶ħˣߣ
Ҳ΢΢ҡҡͷ̾һȻеȡɣҲǲ֣΢΢̧ͷɨһ۳죬صǺεˣҪҵȥ·
仰ΪƽڳɾͲôˡ
˭һĴˣⶫһĸͷ֮ҲΪûбΪ˭ʵǰܹľֻг
֪ڸ˭˵ô²ϣ˾ǱɭɭɫüΪع죬ŷơ
˭
ƲɵеЦⳤ̫Լһ˰ɣǾһĴˣΣ
ǾĴˣ죡ȻǸң
ɫõ÷ǳ֮죬¾ǲȻŭֱŷƵֻѡһԹԸһȥҴ˫Ȱȥ
˵仰ʱɫΪ׺ݣɱ⣬Ÿղǵȵɫֱ̫࣬е
ȻƢŹ֡
ƲɵҡҡͷҲǵصΣкιأҵѵǣһеѡ񡣡
˵仰ʱɫ棬ȫǲڿЦʶؽʵʲôѡ񣿡
Ǿǰ˫ȴϣ
һһصɫΪ棬һµؿų죬ȻԱȴЦʵ̫˼ˣȻڳǰˣƤӣͦ˼ġ
ôƺⶫ֮Уû˶Գ˵Ȼ
һ£ҲǻعˣɵŭصŷƣŭصôĵӣȻǸ˵˵ң
˵˾˵ˣΣ
ҲЦҪΪʲôĴ˾ͿΪΪҸ㣬˵磬Ƿ۶֮ûǸݣ˭ֻǰ㵱һ£
⻰˵ֱ̫ˣʵϣΪȻǲǷŵǿУʵڲʲôⶫ֮ҲΪǸ󸴫˵ݡ
Ȼ˾һ㣬ȴȫزη壡
Ǽɵ죡ⳤҪԼеˣΪԼ޵ô
ҲԸǳعŹ֣ŷƣһ̣׵ĳ֣˵ӰͬӰһر
ⳤ죬Ҳǲɵüͷһ̣ӰȻһ£ֱӵرܿһεĹȻȴǲģûиƴϢĻᣬͬһĹƣ಻
˵ţ
ҲЦҲǳסˣֱӵؾ̤ǰһ˸Щɫâǰ˸ӰǼصһ˲жϳ˳֮λ
СȻҲ׳󣡡
һҲֱӵͬ׵һش̳һӱס˳
ͻȻ׽סҲһ㶣¸ûϵõȻǱƸһӵƵԼȻǲ˼顣Ϊ˿޷оõƵϢ
ͬһ˲䣬ƾֱӵس֣ûκεķֶΡ
˶ѡ
ƿɫ仯ĳ죬ȻеʵվԼѾǰֻŽ񽫾˶ԣǲ̫ˣǾǿ֣ܹ߳ԡ
㻹̫ˣɡ
˵ƽȴһӡ


3008 ʣ
ǿƵķƣͨ죬ܹȳࡣ㡣ӣҲһԲ״ֱӵرγһӰ˲ر
һ֪֮ûУ
ЦȻһ̣֮У͵ػûһ貵â۶ɵ죬Ǽ䣬˵صĺʱǱÿϯӿ֣һǿȻر
ǿԱߵĺ˶Ǿޱȣ֪ƺǿ󣬵ȴδ֪ƻǿȵز֪棬Ƭ֮ǿĸһ񽫣һ˾ĸס
ȻշֳƣȴԼ׵ӰӣһģһǿͬҲ޷ԵǿоվԱߣеҲֻǳͷ
ǿߣ
ôܣ񽫣
ʱǾ˹һ֮ŷƣӿֳһĨ֣񽫣ǿһĴڣȻǰķƣ£ôȾȻΪ
ԣ񽫣α񽫣ȻǽȾ磡
Ƭ֮󣬳Ҳ͵زƵȻǿ󣬵ʵϸ۲죬ȴһֲЭĸоͬ񽫾ǿߵͬҫ۵գƵȻ貣վȱ˵ʲô
Ը㣬Ҫ񽫾
ƲΪȻЦЦҲ˫ַתȻѹ£һӴǳһ˲֮£֮ǿ߶Ӧ˾㵣Īµǿ߳ˣ
ڶ֮һĹأĴ嵱Уʵ˵жǿʵܹӵжٶӵ񽫾ΪôȫǿȥսĴ񽫾޾ͷȡ֮
ǾŷƵϢ֮һЩ޶Ƿ׷׵Ȼ֪ܹľ˭ǿӣƽĶ֮ƺҪ
ʱƲǴ߶ȫγѹ˲õóʧսڷȰǰ޷κεΪ
ǿھķϣƾղ˵ģһ
ҲעǺ޷ĳ죬ϲɱ¾ȵطɱĻ˵ǸԼ޾鷳Ͼݲ򵥣ֻҪһû뿪֮Щ鷳޷ѵġ
ʱɫûǰţɫò԰ޱȣŷƣĵһֿ־壬˵ʵҲ𾳵ǿߣŷƵĲʵȻñ࣬ӵؽӽ˴˵֮еǸ硣
Сڶ֮к޵ĳݵУʣȻ˵ȻȴڷƵϿʧܣ޷ٶԷơ
ʱƵƳһ۳죬ȻǺʱ޷κεвҲԼתһ㵵ĺ䣬߰ɡ
ʱǻعŷƣҲʶص˵ͷ
֪Уֳ㹻˽г
Ƕ֮ĹҲ֮ĹǿΪֻڶֵ֮øΪԡ
û᳤죬Ҳֱӵشһɫĳ죬ûаѳڡ
ⱲӺǽͻˡ
һξ֮󣬺Ҳ̲ס
νˣǵӣ񽫵Ļ˶ԣһ¡·ҲǷǳֱӣղǵΪΪ˳֮ģһĻ޷߳ԼӰȻһĻⱲӾ񽫾Ե
Ļͷ֪»ǲŹ㡣ʱҲΪģǳ󸣬ǸεȿֲĴڣԼĸףҲֻǱ־ơ
޷ǴСϵĻ˾֮һս˵ˣֲǴ򲻹ʼȴ˿ûзϡ
ԣв֪һĨصĹâ֪ΪǻģǷȴһֵֺĸо֪ţ
ʱǾѰø׳棬ܲʲôæ
ʱҲ˾
ҡҡͷû˵˵ʵһȻûʲô֪俴һ壬ǲǵ׺ݵޣԵĻԼӦܹǸƿһˣҲʣŲĻ⡣
㸸ף񽫾ΪҲʵ


3009 
Ȼû񽫾ΪܹͳһͷƽƽҲЦڶ֮ǲʲôܣ෴ܶ˶ĴͷΪɲ񽫾
ԣҲǵ˵ͷ񽫾ôؼ˻ŵ񽫾֮ɻǱżǸǿߣȻǿϸ϶ǲǻŵġ
е벻׵ǣΪζܹ֮񽫾ǿߣҴӺ֮пƺʱųֵģں֮ǰ񽫾ǿѴڡ
ڷƶԣе˼磬ҲΪԼѪ֮󣬲ƵŮʥµƣûĻ˵񽫾ԼҲ޷ɾľ硣
ԴΪ𼶵ǿ֮Ҳ׵ˣ֮󣬵ؿѾûκεôˣ෴עضصԷȻûжʱУ֮ĸȴǴδͣ
ҲΪԭ򣬲ŻһǧǴʱԼؿ񽫾һż
ֻҪһʱ䣬Լǲţ񽫾֮
ˣǰˣҸӦڵȺĵ
ʱǰһξ룬ĳ죬ͱˣ΢΢̧ͷǰƵĺ棬Ȼسһưĵ졣
֮ͬеɾ˷ֲʵͬǴλõС
治򵥡
ϸع۲Ƭ֮Ҳ̲ס̾ڿ֮Ҳǲɵ̾ԲǳǿĽƣֻҪԴ̳ܵǳصĺ
ңϵƺǷǳس棬ԶԶȥƵУ۶ɵڿնʵ˾̾ѡ
غһ΢΢ر˫ӦһҲڸ޵ϢһЩȻ֮⣬ƻܵһ޵ǿϢ
ȻϢԵ̫ǿˣ˵ҪؾܹصģҲ֪ϢˣĪھˣˣ
ȻʱҲǷһȻ֮£鲼һӵرɢ¶ʵòҲʱǿʵò
ڿգͬȺ裬ʵǷǳغΰ
Զԯƣӭµĵ
ʱһش΢΢һЦƳһԱߵĺ䣬ۿ¶˹ɫҲ˹Էʣ
ƣǰ
ź䣬ʱҲѸٵؽӽԽȺ֮ϡ
Ȼʱڷ֮£һ꺺ӣۣҲվһȺ˵ǰЦؿŷơ
Ƕ֮ľͷ̿е󰡡ǰһɨӶԯƵһɫǿߵϢǳؿ£
ǰƺΪӽͬ
۵ԯƣʱҲǹһЦķƵļȻ¶һɫ
Ż˱ˡʱҲѵ
޷ǰȣҲ˫ֱȭЦ¶ԯҲżֺøУȾǿ߶ԣαƣ޷κá
ԷƸܵõԯϴݶϢѺõģαҲǸ˷ƵԸ㾴֣һߡ
ãȻƢԯҲǹһЦһۺ䣬ʵղ츽ǿݶǷǷʲô飿
䵱Ҳûκεֱӵؾһһʮ˵˳
ߣⳤ죬浱ԼǻˣǿͷϹֵϣͳղݾٶͶԯԣʱҲǲˬˣ㳤ôţƣҲһ£ҵҰҲеȥɡ
޷ⱲˡһЦصڳ죬һشʱҲǺܵȥ
߲ȥεӰ³ҲķˣԶ޷̤񽫾
ŶˣԯҲ΢΢ݣƬ̣ƺʲôģڣͷϹˣҲܱ㡣
ǰˣҿɲ㶯ɱˣֻ޷ٽһѣɻǺúõػءЦеص


3010 λ
ԯԣҲһ£ҲΪؿһ۷ƣȻ׷仰Ժ£ǴʱƣҲ̲סΪǳĬ
ڳ죬ȻҲΪϤⶫ֮Ĵ֮еһ̳Ǿһϣ񽫾ĴڣȻƴʱȴǳ׵ضϾ񽫾ϣ
ڳ죬ԣһѡ
ͷӿɾǱˡԯҲ¶һֻɫȻǷǳ⿴һĻ
ЦЦû˵ȻⷬٶǵǾ󸣬ԣ˵ʱֱӵ뿪ܹ֮ʲô취
ڷ֪Щ޶ûа취뿪֮ģҲ޼ɵⶫ֮û˿Щ޵ͷȻǾǿ֣ǿɾ˵ˡ
Ҷð붯ȷ󡣡
ȻʱԯҲǽ⣬Ͼ˴μƣԣһᡣ
Ƶ˵ͷԯƵĴ֮£УһɽȣԵǿϢڣȴڰȥ˵ӦĽء
ûκˣǺ䣬ҲûܹƬɽȵС
֪طԣһôҪĵط
ԯڽ뵽طҲ¶൱صı飬ʾԼ𾴣һĻҲȻطƺѰ֮ء
֪˵ǺεȵطʱԯҲЦЦʵɨһܣɽȷǳؾ޴󣬶ʮֵؼžһ֮ζȴһɹɽȻͬƴڡ
ﲻһĹذɣ
ʵʵҲܹ²ĵΨ˵ܹ͡
ûдһʥ͵İ֮˯ǰж٣ǲܶȥˣ˯ʥͣҲһĿꡣ
˵ʱԯȻе㼤ˡ
Ŀꣿ
һ£Ҳʵԯ峤ð£һĿ꾿ʲô
뿪֮е㲻ףΪ֮Ѿã̹˽ƣЩ޳½֮ϡ
ʵ磬Ҳǿյһ֣һλ棬ͬҲǴʱԯƻص
ΪȻص˵ͷһȥ½ȻϤޱȣʱ֮еһЩλ棬һ㣬ŵԣǿĳͨǿһС硣
öԱȵķ̹𿪴һС磬Ȼ½һǿ߿ٳС磬ֻ֮Ϊ࣬½ԶԶûïʢ
Ҵ飬һ˸ƺһ㣬ʱΪȷǿԿٳһС磬ȥҲΪ
ʵǶ֮壬ϹʱȺǿߣ̹ڣǴһλ潵ٵġʱԯƻصƺڵһܡ
ôܣǴ̹Ի֮еôƵ´ʧɫϢƺеԽˡ
ȻǴԣʵҲ٣һλ浱У̹Ҳһ񻰰ĴڣҲԻ֮г֣ʵΣͲö֪ˡ
ԯƻЦЩʥµⶫ֮Ĵޣǵȣһλġ
ǸλֽʲôƳʵ
ʥ˳ƺġԯƻЦһʼΪ壬Ĳǻģֻߣ̫ˣǵĺǴѪͳһ㣬ǲԳһ塣
˼ǣһ壬ҪǸλ浱У΢΢üͷʱҲˣԯѰ˼ˣȻ顣
Ҳ̫˰ɣֱǲ˼飡
Ȼе³çҵȷ˼ԯ΢΢һЦص˵ϻ˭ܹ뿪ⶫ֮ĻǾ̹Ȼʱ̹ѲڣôΪܹƿ̹ƣӶǵħˣػġ
ԣƲɵǿЦӵԼ׷ѰȻͳΪԯƿˣҲ̫ڴ˰ɣ̹Ǹǿ߲ܹ顣


3011 
ˡðʣǰ֪أ
ҲһͷˮԯȿȻҲе㲻ԡ
㲻һ̹ĴС
ʱԯƻص˷ƵϣҲǵЦͱˣӿĵһۿʼڵһЩܣھǱҿˡ
ԣƲɵһ£Ȼе˰ɣ
飬̺Ƚ϶࣬һʵǳҵϣҲǲšԯƻصҪ֪飬̹µĴУԹûܹȫƿ飬˵ˡ
˲Ĭˣȷͬ˵㣬ȷΪ⣬ôȻҲǼʶӵ飬ܹԼ㣬һܹƿô飬ҲΨԼѡ
֮аΨܹᡣԯƵЦûпĻڣһ顣
Ƶ˵ͷڵȷֻ飬ʵϣܹݵ飬ֻţŵܻûз
һоſţƿţѾǷǳ˲õһˣֻܹѰҵõʣĿ飬Ǿܹȫصõ̹ĴУ̹𣡡
ԯһһص˿ڿЦȻƴʱȴҡҡͷЦǰ߿ˣоſţ䲻ȻѰ䣬Ҳ޷Ѱ顣
ʵˣһֱѰ飬Ȼȴûʲôչ֪ģǾӿﻹеϢţȫûͷ
磬ѰҲ˵طˡ
ȻҲ֪е䣬ҿԸǣ֮顣ԯƻصȻʱȴ͵صɴԼ˫ۣȻϢҲ𺳵ˡ
֮飡
ģƲ֪ǱüǶ֮Ļôټӿеһ飬͵ȫչ˾ſ飡
̹ĵͳһΪţɢ䡣
һţţھɫԯЦЦҲȷص
ĻǾϣ԰Ѿſռ֡ƺٵصĻռſ飬ô͵ܹȫصõ̹ĵͳУ
Ŷһ䣿
ԯȻҲΪ죬ҲǸо⡣
Ƶ˵ͷҲɣΪ󲿷ֶǼڶ֮
ǺƱǰԼеʸ˳ԯƳ˼Ƭ֮󣬲ҡҡͷҲȷǶ֮Ƭ򲻼򵥰ɣĿռṹ粻һνΪģħҲｵٶ£̹Ĵ壬ͬҲǴλ洩ԽȽڶ֮
뵽ҲȻˣ̹ƺǿطǻع˻֮Ĵ󲿷ɢ˶֮
ΪôһĻ֮ǴĿ飡Щ޵Уһںڰ֮ϣɼһˡ
ΪȷֻҪռɣܹ뿪طҲ˼һ£ص
Ϊֻ̹뿪طǵλ档
ԯɨһɽȣĿ꣬ʥҲŬţκһֱûлԵĳ֣ȴҿᡣ
Ҫô㣿
ƴʱҲǳʵ
õе飬ͻǵõ̹ĴУǸʱ򣬻ǳɳ̹Ǹ磬ǸʱҲҽͣҲǻ֪ġ
ԯƻص˫Ҳ΢΢ؽһӡ±ɽһɫâɫâֵһ˲䣬Ʊ͵ر̧ͷ¶˾㵵ɫ
⡭ͬһʱ䣬ڵ飬Ȼطͬˡ
ڵ鷴ӦѾǸԯóȻ飡
ɫâȻͣ˷ƵǰϵطԼڵ˹
ӵе飬ʱˡԯƺǴȵصҲǴһӣ͸ƣԯƿΨзƣʺˡ
ǰûҲǼص


3012 ţ
£ԯƵĿ룬ȻҲڽܣԣԱ˶ԸΪã
֪֮ǷĻǵõ̹ĴУ֪һԼռе飬ȻǷһɱ䡣
ɱ˵ǺûǻԣƲ֪Σ֪ǣЩ飬øӵǿΪҪĶǾ
ܹǿ
ȻҲ֪֮㣬ıһ£ΰŪ֡ʱԯҲǻص
лǰˡ
ҲصԼǰתɫ飬ҲǵͷʾлΪҪľʱ䣬һڷǰǿԺǰԼõͨһĻôһõջ񣬽Ƿǳؾ޴
ϣԼ޷ģԭΪԼǰ˳һ㣬ǰܹǰ˳ϵĻôɶڷƶһõϢ
ΪÿԼһ֮󣬶ǻһΪصУȷˡ
ľ磬ܹ֮ϣһЩеĻôʵǵõһǳ޴ܹľ񽫾
񽫣
磬ܹĻôһ˲õ飬䣬ҲܹԼˣǰǧ֮ЩǿٶǱĻԼҲ˿壡
Ȼʱ򣬺ȴһæ֮ɫ˽һĻԯ΢΢üͷ˴ĽأȻŮҲóȻش
Īɷʲô£ԯҲǳʵ
ףˡ伱ٵصԷҲ΢΢̧ͷȻôɱˣе㳬ϡ
һˣԯɫҲΪ졣
˺ܶǿߣ̬ȺܼҪǽơ
俴һ۷ƣҲʵػش
ëʲôطˡԯҲǸֳһĨŭ⣬Ҳ̫ˣȻֱӴ˹
´ȥڶ֮㣡
ҳȥӦϹԯƵҲֱӵضŷƵ
ȻȴҡҡͷԯƵǰ³ҶԵ޷ͬһȥɡ
󸲻˵ҲΪ˳֮¶Ҿ㲻ǣҲ϶ΪӣĿĺܼ򵥣ǾҪ߷ƣ
֮£ƻܹܵˣԵҪվҲ飬ž󸷢һЩʲô飬޷ԯƿһ·ƣ¶˼ᶨɫҲ֪޷ıƵľҲֻĬĬص˵ͷŷƵļģֻҪڣԲ㽻Ϲġ
ԯȱ̬ҲЦЦͷˣԯƣҲиףڣԼ̫ǡ
·Ʊԯƻк䣬뿪Ƭɽȣ˵Ľأ˯ʥͣȻǲݵκ˵Ĵš
Ȼ뿪ɽ֮󣬷ƶȻصһʱնǱòһˣɱػ߶ǿߣɫţҲ˲١
峤һξ˰ǿߣڴȴš
ʱһǿǰ档
ûְɣԯüͷǾĻǻΪǣʱҪǵء
ĺϾĻôҪԵͻǱϾࡣ
ʱûзֻ֣оǿ߸档ǿҲʵ㱨
ԯƵ˵ͷҺ黹ûеǳĺ޲֣ôȻͲֹˡ
ʵϣ˲һֱơ
ڷƵ˻ûߵ֮ʣһǿߣɫ˹
峤ĺҲˣӦɫħǱߵģ
ԣԯƵɫһӵȻͬԼһ㣬ڿɫħ㶼ˣô֮Ĵ޾ͷҲҪˡ
ǰʵڲеĻҿ뿪ԲǸκε鷳ҲǿԯƵɫ֪ء
ǲԸ⿴ΪԼ¶۵ⲢǷҪģһһ˵


3013 Ĵ޾ͷ
޷Ȼ˵Ҫ㣬ȻҪ㡣ԯҡҡͷԳУ
Զԣ˵ǲмǲܵģ֪ԯǰϣǷϣȻԼҲûжİգ޷ȷԼǷܹõ̹ĴС
ԯƵҪܼ򵥣ǾҪƴ뿪֮뿪λ棬طλ棡
ԯƵĻ˵һ鷳ģɲֹǾһɫħ㶼ˣôһͷ壬۰צҲ֣
ôʱĻ͵Ҫ忹ͷ壡
ǰҾôǲҪУͷ϶ԸĻûҲʵ˵뵽һҪԸ޾ͷ͸ܵ¡
δأ۰צѣӦò󵹸ꡣԯƳΪɫħŽ۰צһҵǲõģǻ
ԣƵǰҲһѵĻǵҲǲ̫ԶԸ
ԣİɣֻҪڣûֺܹԯķƵļʾⲻ䵣ġ
ȻʱڴҲǿˣǰĺվһȺȺڵǿߣΪ׵һ۵ͷһɭ֮⣬ȥ֪Ʊ
󸣡
ǸͷǾһ峤
һΪ˭ԭ㣬ôʲô磬ϲĴҵ
ʱԯҲˬʵһЦֱһͷ
ԯƣ֮䣬˵
ǸͷؿڣһǿϢõܵ޶Ϊ֮
Ϲ֣˵ʲôءԯҲ΢˫Ц
ֱӵصԼ⣬ֱӵָŷƣΪϵϢ˲һһ۾Ǳϳˣ˭ҪѰҵˡ
ʲôطˣ󸣬ɲ󸵺ݲ˵ôô
ԯҲߵϼһģ̫ˣΪô
ƾͽǰ;͵
һɭ֮ɫŷƵԳʲô£ԼΪҲҡ
죿
ԯƹװһɺܾ㵵ɫžôˣڱչس񽫾˿Ǻη뵱꣬Ҹͣû

֮ⷬԱߵķ̲ס͵Цĺĺԯƻǹ˰̡
㡭һķŭԶԣݺݵصһԯƣʵһ仰ǲ
һӵرǱ˽ԯҲЦϹٴ㣬
ɫ˵ؿŷƣǵɫͬҪ˷һ㣬ڵ粻ѣʱҪһɽ
ͬʱԯȻҲǲţһֱעžĶֻҪ֣ôҲ涯֣ô˵ҲԲܹϼһΪΪ
ôô֣һˣмܴ򣬾Ȼҡ
Ȼ΢ʱһҲƿնһɫâǲʺһ㣬Ѹٵظ֣˳գȻ˵ǰ
΢΢ǰֵӣϢͬҲǲĲԼΪ֮ɵҴϴΪ죬һɫ۷ȥΪ졣
ɫħ㣡
£бôһͷǰ˵Ǻ֮Ȼɫħ㣡
ӴӴϡˣҲǲ֮հԯƿ˵ĳ֮ɫΪ࣬ȷûб
ԯƣҾͲϹһˣȻȥɫħҲЦеصҶܹӶħȫ˵ˣƾһǱס
һΣɫħ㵹Ǻֱӣֱӵ˺ƤĿĺԣҪľǷˡ
˵ءԯɫһӱɫħǸһģĻе㼬ˡ
أҺ;۵ƽˡ
ɫħ㻺ЦȻӲЦݣȴǳɭȻɱ⣬ⷬ£ԯƵɫҲǱ÷ŭɫħҲ̫ˡ
浱͸ôܹʲôΪ
Ȼʱʱ˸һɫâ


3014 
ɫâ˸ֱӵػ˲񷣬һ貵Ӱ˷Ƶ˵ǰ
һ۵ӰϢ粻ѣȻһǿߣ
Ȼʱɫħ㿴˵ĳ֣ɫɭȫȻûǰɡ
צϹ֣ιأ
ʱĳ֣õþҲǲòֱӵؿʵ
⻹Ҫô۰צҲЦ˷ƵϣЦΪѵҾͲΪô
˼ҪԯƣɫԽԽƣȴסˣϾŽ۰צĳ֣Ҳ˫صһƽľ棬˲֪ĴͷǺ
֮䣬һֱһ΢ƽ⣬ǾԯŽ۰צ֮ͬ˹ϵɫħͬ˹ϵ֮䣬һֱԵƽš
Ϊ˭ҲԸ⿴һֱӵسưԶ֮
ڽ۰צɫħ֮䣬ҲŲɻԶ֮־ľ棬Ѿˡ
ΪƵĳ֣ƺ־Ҫơ
ǰﲻֻҲ뿴ǵô򵥡۰צҲЦЦԯƵ˵ͷҲǴк֮ϵѾãȻǲҪĹͨ
һĻҲصһƺûа취ˣߵľƶǳؾ⣬˭Ҳ˺ƤΪһǶǿɲǼ֮¡
ĸ޾ͷ֮Ľ֣νܹӰ쵽֮
¾ηչһȫƾͷԵҲ˵߶˾ϣҪսҪˣһ֮䡣
ɫͬҲںţ־棬ԣһֵĻȻڳԿҲֲ˺ô
ڣǴĵЯеǿߣ뿪һԣǸǳصĴҷƻϵ˳ϣʲôԺҲԷڣ
ۣ߰ɡ
ʱԯҲǵصɨһɫħ㣬ЦﶯֵĻǶԣǲ˿ĺô
ԯƵĻ£˲ǷӦĸǶԯƿܹĽΪʱԿıȻǾˣ
ԯƣ㵱Ҫάôһˣغһǿѹͷеŭ
˵Ŀˣ˭ҪԸǵʹҡԯƵĻشͬҲǷǳؼᶨûκλء
ݣԯƣ㱣һʱһӣ
ҲЦָŷƣбһӴ
΢΢üͷϲֱвĸоȻʱȴǴһӣȫֻҪСһ̤նɱ󣡡
仰֮˶ǲ죬Ҫɱư
ۣɱ̫ˡ
ԯҲüͷһȻô
ԯƣӣ϶֣ˣɹܲŰɡҲЦȻ޷ʱ֣вʣҲûа취ֻƹ¡
ƲһӴֻҪǽȫô㹻ˣֻҪһ뿪ôǿԶж֡
ʱԯҪҲûκεİ취潻֣ȻҲǲҪɵĽˡ
ɣӭǣ
£ԯҲҲɣֻǺɫһӣֱӵͿ͡
ɫħһۣҲǵ˵ͷǿ߿ʼ½˺󣬵ǿԺظ֪ǲûԶ룬һֱǱĸ
ǰЩǿʧ֮˲һ
֮£лǰˡ
ƿ鷳ʱؽˣҲǶԯƹֵ
ԯҲҡҡͷȴ¶һĨǣĺҲǳ¿ɲðˣЩһĸҲûа취ˣܲĸǶ֡
ĸ֮еκˣһ㶯ˣӰǳؾ޴ԲʲôǶǾؿƲ֡
ͬղǵ֮£Ҳûж֣ȻĻķΧɾʹˡ
޷Ҳûдô뿪֪ǰӭͣһʱ䲻ҲЦеҡҡͷ飬Ѳס


3015 
ҪȻλӭ
ʱԯҲǹһЦҲǶԷƽһ۰צݣǽ۰צĵ峤Ϊ˫
˫ǰ
ȻҲǲκεⶫ֮Ĵͷ治һ񽫾ĴڣΪ¡
ȻǺη
˫һ۷ƣȻܹ׵رϳƴʱΪҲǾ㵲ѣͣŽµΪʵǲò̾
ˣ²ǻԵĶѡ
ҲǫһЦ˫ҡҡͷԵҲʵһ֣ܹߵ־磬Ҳʵһ֣㡣
ˣʣҾͲ˵ˣкεȴ㣿
ʱԯҲѯʵϾǵϣҲֻǼڷƵϡ
ֻʱ֮ͣϣ֮󣬻лܹ뿪
΢΢üͷҲǺһ״̬֮£Ȼûа뿪ǿߣڻţǿ񽫾ǿߣһŰУ³ԿľͻԼˡ
ܹܹ֮ΪһȻã㵽ʱҲܹ񽫾ǿߣһս֮ʱ˫Ҳǳ
ȻʱԯȴЦЦҡͷҪĲ֮һսܹƥе
ԣ˫ɫ΢΢ر仯һ£¶һŹɫԯƵʲô
ԯƳҪ£е飬Ҳ֪ɫħ㻹Ǿ󸣬ǵУӵһģǽпô
˼ǣҪǿս
˫ɫҲ࣬¿ɲ򵥣Ĵͷһȫ濪սӰ쵽֮
սܵڣ飬ҪǽȻƾԿĻܻһŵһܹΪ񽫾Ĵڣһжòһ
ԯغһֻǰϣϣܹ飬طλĻ
ԣ˫ҲǳĬһ£ȻҪ뿪̹֮Ȼ̹ѲڣôΨһİ취ǿ飡
λģұصǾҲǱȭ˵ȫ֮󣬻ΣҲΪڴ
ںܼ򵥣ֻҪ飬ȻӶ֮ȡ֮طһ壬ٴӵĿУõһ䣬ôܹռе飡
Ǹʱᷢʲô飬ȴǺܺ棬Լĵõ̹ĴУҲ˵
͸飬񽫾ĻǾͻŸİաԯҲǳ
ȺһɾͲˡ˫ҲЦŵƳһ棬ҲҡҡͷֻҪƲȥô˵Ǽ÷ûа취
Ƶ˵ͷȷˡ
󣬷ҲԯƵĴ֮£·һƬأڼ˫뿪ˣԯ֮ҲԼҪʱȻǳ
֮ķƣҲֱӵó飬ʼŲ̽һ£һ飬ǷܹԼǰһɹĻôǻõֽ
ÿһ֮϶̺һֽ飬˵һǰǵǳˡ
žɽȵУ󿴲ѹͬԶŵȥ̾Ϣ£ʱ˴֮ڣûκһܹŵ
ԯҲǲ⣬ֻ̬Ҫһû飬ôڣҲκ˳ɽ֮ڡ
һ㣬ҲǸм£ͳ˴ԯеõ飬âʮֵĿҲǼó飬ǴطõģһþǺڰ֮ϣĦжȡġ
һ鱾ħʱĹȥڵǰȫشطյ
غһǰ飬ҲǻתڵתֻǰϣܹԼǰõǿϵһģȻĻֻһա
ҵǣƬ֮鶼ǿʼ˵ţǼ䣬ɫâᴩɽȣҲΪԼ˫ظ֪ˣ飬ԼҪѰҵģ
񽫾ˣ


3016 ֽ
һ̣Ҳۿе飬ر˫飬Լ飬Ǽز˹ɽȶǳһɰ
棬ԯƺҲӦɵ΢΢̧ͷɽȵķҲǵ˵ͷҲǲᡣ
ɽܵĻ㹻ɭˣ֮ڵ˶޷ȥ˵ˣľˣǲĿǷΧ֮ڡ
ڷƶԣҲǸ
һõģ޷ĺô
ʱɽȵУ鲻ϵʼתͬʱڷƵԺ棬ҲǽܵһӴϢͬƾճһ㣬ֱӵس˷ƵԺС
΢΢üͷȻǴ֮дݳϢǳ֮࣬Ժŷĸо޿κ֮£Ҳǿеֲĸо
״̬ãƶڲ֪жɹ˺ܳʱ䡣
ٶ˫ʱȴǷ֣Լϣմ˻ҳ
⡭ǹȥ˶೤ʱ䣿
ҲȻɨһܣȻɽȵУȴǸһָо˵ʲôоȴȷеظоԼһеĸ֪Ƿ仯
غһҲǽüͷվĵϵĳǼ䣬һסԭء
뵽ˣԼǸоﲻͬˡ
ɽ֮ڵѹҲܲ
ǵúսɽ֮ʣΪʥ͵ĹǺ֮гǵƣȥˣϢǲɢ
ʱ˿̣ȴûиܵǹƣͬѰһ㣬ûκεĲԾ
΢΢һȭͷƿʼоԼڵı仯ʶԼڵǼ䣬ִڵı仯ǳ֪ǹǵ
һнǲͬ
ڿ˵ͬ嫵ǿգѾ仯Լǲǳİĵز
ʱǸоڣһ仯÷е㲻ܽܡ
ҵĵأ
΢΢һ㶣ƺе㲻Ծ⣬ĵǲڵĻôǸת
Ȼڷͷһת֮£ȴǴ˺¡һ죬ͬǺ嫵ǿ֮ĳǳ͵رһɰڱѸٵشݵ֮У
⡭
Ǽ侪㵲ѣԼڵʱ˵ؿˣ
ֱǳԼϣ
񽫣
ͻȻ֮䣬ôһͷ˹ȴˣԼǳΪ񽫾ȻĻνԼڵְ
ֻгɾ񽫾֮󣬲ܹӵ˿µʱڵı仯ҲǶԵֱ仯Ϊ񽫾֮󣬲˷˵ķ֮ڡ
о񽫾һ
Ϊ־ˣǲҪ
תپڵЩУͬǺ棬Ȼǵͬǳһ㣬ʱڷھ㣬һ棬зǵ㡣
ЩǴŷڵֻҪԽ࣬Խǿ
⡭񽫾ô
Ҳ΢΢սȭͷҲǼѣ֪ǽ統УȻԼҲеͻƵĹ֮Уûκεף˵Ǵˡ
ʱ񽫾ٴԾǿߣѾȫһս֮
ҲˣȻܹϢУͻơھϲҲ侲оþޱȣʵе
ûǴҲԼز²⵽ˣڶ̹֮һУҲ޷
ڲڵǴ⣬ȴص֮ʱ򣬻Ҫġ
ˣ飬ӦûǸġ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҳ뵽ˣǳԼԺ治ϵػԼϢȻȷ
䣬ǧ֣Ҳһһس˷ƵԺУֽҲǱ˽⡣
䣺ʩ֮۶һӡ˸Ϊǿ۾ǣ˵Ҳͬ䣬һ֮⣬ôͻͬҲһޣ
ǧ֣ͬһͷ֮䣬Խǧ
ҲǱݺݵһ


3017 һת
ͬϰͿԿµ磡
⵱ȻҪΪ̹ͨǵȾܹ𺳲ѣʱҲ˹̹տˡ
˵ǾԵĽ
һ䣬ǷǳˣֶεǿƿܣֻҪԷҪԼ̻Ǳ֮ޣڷƶԣǸĶ
ǧⲢѰĿռλ֮ϰǧֻҪͣĵطӡǵĻηܵռơ
ȻҲǵҪϰߵΪһԣߣֻǶλطǵ̹ǵΪĿ䣬ܹȥĵط
ȻҲ÷ĶѣĻȷ˵磬ڰ½ص֮һ֮䣬緵ذ½ܵռ
֣ĽȻԷƵΪ϶޷̹ͬǰֱͣӵؿһ粢Ŀռ䣬ȴܹӴһĶ
ΪҪǣ̺֮ĳЩ֮⣬Яİ񽫾
뵽ʱ򣬷ٲڵĺǳҲ΢΢ѣǳԽЩѾȥǰһŰ½֮Ѫɾľ磬˸š
֪ҲǴԼʶ˳ԼҲ֪˳ػֽ⣬һǳɾ񽫾ԣһ˲õĻԵˡ
Ҳ֪ǹȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ԯż˰ɡ
Ҳ΢΢һЦʱ䵱УûвʱţԸԼϵĳжϵسԼƺǹȥ˷ǳǳ֮õʱ䡣
Ƕ೤ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ԤϵõֻܹǴȥ֮ԯƻ֪
غһڵת·΢΢һϵĳȥͬǻȻһ£һһ߳ɽȡ
Ȼڷ̤ɽ֮ʣƬ̣ԶһϢѸٵؿƲö룬ϢȻԯơ
ǳˡ
£һˬʵЦǴҲǱϳȷԯƵֻȥôǲɣࡣ
һĹһӰǶȻس˷ƵǰȻԯơ
ţ
ԯƳ֮ʣ΢΢һ㶣ԯѾȻسЩ׷˿ȥƺǲ࣬Լһ֮ʣĴĲࡣ
ôˣĪǸˣ
һʵ
ڷĪʣԯҲǻعЦ֪չعȥ˶ꣿ
ԣƲɵǳһ£Լ಻һҵĹҲҡҡͷЦ򲻹꣬һҡ
ꣿ
ԯƺʲôܺЦĻҲǲɹһЦƬ֮󣬲ӴһĨЦһչذǹȥ꣡
꣡
֣·׽ޱȣԼȻǱչˣ
ģֱǲ˼飬ȻԼչ֮ʣܲʱ٣㳤ʱ䣬ҲȷǳԽ˷Ƶ޷Լоƺһضѣ˭ϵȻһꡣ
̫ˣϾǱչ㵱˿ûκθоǿᰡ꣬չ꣡
ԯķƵļأҲջɣ
Ƹ̾ѣԼȻǱչˣѹԯЩ׷ǳˣȥƺΪزɣ˲٣ΪԯܵʲôƣŻǵȴ֪ⲻʱµĺۼѡ
Ļ񽫾ǿˡ
Ҳǻع΢΢һЦص¶˾ԵţΨͻƵ񽫾ܹаڶ֮飬ֻҪõʣ֮ٻصһ壬һ䡣
ôǵõе飬ȻʱܻٴγһЩ˼
龳ô
ƶҲǲԼҪõ̹ĴУƺȫصõſ鷽ɡ
񽫾̫ˡ
ԣԯҲǹһЦ񽫾һĻǿþ˸ױˣǿһֱפ


3018 ٴ
ԣҲһ£ое⣬ȥ꣬˾ȻҪε֮ĺģȻԼˡ
뵽Ҳ̲סЦҡҡͷҲе㼬֣ȻԼ꣬Ƿϵ˳ôꣿ
棬һûгһƳһˣ˵ϼһ޲㣿
ԯҲƺǲ²⵽˷뷨ɵЦЦڵر𣬲ΣϼһﶼǲŹġ
ȻˣǾȥɡ
ҲЦ⣬뿴ľ󸣬뵽һ㣬б̲סЦ⡣
ȷԯҲе㾪ɲʵ
޷񽫾ǶϾ󸣬Ҳδػ䡣̧ͷ¶һ԰ɫҲΪţԴӳ֮Լܹؿ񽫾ǿߣԭΪ񽫾
Ǿ߰ɡʱԯҲغһ̲סе㼤ȴô꣬ʥҪϣ飬Ҫۼ֤ܹƽ
Ϊ񽫾֮ĹȻǿ׳ܹԾɫħ֡
һΣþɫħ˹ԹԵذе齻
Ƶĳ֣õ˶Ϊ֮ĿΪǺܶǰֹƣֻʧ꣬ҲͬΪ˵ĳ֣ʱĶ֮Ʒ΢ı仯
Ͼˣǲһֱľˡ
ƣڳˣ
ʱǰһϮȹŮӣȻǺ䡣
䣬δƯˡ
ҲǸճأãҲ̲סǿ˸Ц
ֻʱֹһĨ糺֮ɫֱӵضԼ׵ı󣬵ͷ
ԯƿһĻҲЦ˫۾â˸ƺʲôѣȫûע⵽ԯƵɫ仯
ʱԯƣһǿߣҲǻس֮ȻصľһǿߣȻǲ˲֡
Ͻ峤Ǽһˣ
һǿǵӵѾǱϳȺŷƵĴڣҲǱ࣬ϾΪô꣬ɲһ¡
Ѹٵȥֶȥ֪ͨ˾󸣬Ȼ֮Ⱥ˵бȵ߳˼ǿߣϢ磬𾳵Ϊ

ֱӵΧסڣ˼ԣ·ơ
ȺˣƲɵЦɨһ˵ģҳˣȻǴߣþҰɡ
Ҽ峤ܹСȣһǿҲ̲סŭȵΪһˣڴ˵ѾǶɹ꣬бǱһ˵ˣһ㣬еŭֱӵرìͷֱָơ
󸣬ѵ˵ˣҡҡͷҲûˣϾľǴΪͬǰǼɵ࣬񽫾Ĵڣ̫ˡ
ߣҾѵѵ㣬𾴣
ǿҲ͵̤ڰͬһغХʮ㣬Ҫѹ죬ֱƶ
ԷͻȻض֣׽ʶһԯƵ䣬˼ҪԯƳ£ϾҲ𾳵ĹȻǿԶԶֵܹͬĹ
ԯɫȴɵںСֻЦЦһ񽫾ǰ֣ⲻô
ǿͻȻֵĹҲҡҡͷʵϮҲƵؾԼƣ㾶ֱԼָ
ȻôһָȴǼ֮䶼ƺƽͬʱĶһ㣬ǰƣǿµһ˲ʧԷƶֵǿߴʱһ̶ֹƱţ˾ڰ֮Уϵɫ̵ģȥΪĿЦ
ȻһУ˻ûзӦȴƫͷָһ£ҲЦûжҶֵʸ񣿡
֮ǿߵ嶸ȻرȥͬǱʲôµֱӵȥһ㣬ûκη̣Աߵǿ߻ûзӦѽ
ž
һļžǺڵһȺǿ߶ƿԡ


3019 پ
ֵָ֮䣬Ȼ׵ѹһǿߣ
⡭
һĻĳ֣ʱõеԽˣȺԾǿߣӳŨ𾪣ʱ𽥵ݱɾ֣
ǰķƣǻܹԸô
һĻ֮󣬷Ʋ΢΢̧ͷߺɨ֮˶ʶǿߵơ
ǻкλ˵
ƵؿڵɨӹôһȺˣҲЦ
ȷŷƵʱȫʸ˵仰Ϊƴʱʵȫ֮ϣ˵޻˵׵ضԸǣҪѹǼǾ֮Ͷѡ
ȫһž˸˵ԾôһȺǿҲǵͷǲҴƶǶԣһɸʵɽ
ž龰һ֮ǳ˸ı䡣
ԶһɰϢڽٵǰһҲͬǳ˰Ϣ
һԼ˰ɣһġԯҲЦЦҡͷ
ʡȥһһȥҵ鷳ҲŵЦ
Ȼʱһ򣬵ɰϢͬҲǳ֣ԯҲЦʼ򣬿ɲֹһ˻֡
֮Ĵ޾ͷһεؾף
ˣڹɵ湻õġ
ʱһҲ쳹Ƭ֮䣬ȻǾϲģҲǻɫħǿߡ
Ҳǵ꣬󸰡Ƣʲôʱôˣ
ȻʱצҲǳˣ˫ЦؿǰôһȺЦ
ʱ꣬ٶǾף֮ǰûܹ֣֮ɾû취ٶˣΪѡ֡
ߣϻ˵ԯƣɻҪάСӣ
ɭɭصɨӹһˣοɲٸӵģҪôҪô֣
˵ޱȵؼȻҲ޷ˣ⵱Ҳǲˡ
ȷҪôԯЦЦҲЦ㵹ûпڵư
֮ⷬ󣬵¾ɫһ䣬е㲻ԣȻ˷ƵϣƬ֮¶˾㵵ɫΪˣǽͻƣϢܹﵽ磡
񽫾
ôܣ꣬ͻˣɫħʱҲһ㵵صеˣܹ꣬ǴͻƵ񽫾ǻˣ޷
ЦЦ̤ǰһȴǶ˵Ҳǲ˵ϻˣҵҪܼ򵥣飬֪齻
ɫ仯˵ûŭȻҲеܲܣ֮ǰƲһ󱲶ѣȻӵܹƽȶԻʸˡ
ھƱÿʼԯƣ˫ƣ񽫾ǿߣȻߣҪĻɾ޷űʤİհɡ
ǰƻѣ벻˾ķۣ񣬲òأǶֵĻҲûаա
غһҲɫȻرɭȻҪвң
вǲڣǰľƣҲֵܹδ˭аաЦЦɫ֮˾Եš
һ֪ʲôطĺ󱲣Ϊܹƽƽ
ȻȴǶȻŭȵŭŷƣΪ㵽񽫾ܹʸǶԻ㣬񽫾֮УҲָ£
ҵǣҲҪԻҪ㶯֣
ɫҲЦ󸣬Ӹǲ򵥵ؽԼ飬Ҳֻжһ취ˡ
ԣԯƺͼ˫һۣɫҲࡣ
ɫòûվɫħԱ߳Ĭ˵ʵǰȷǲʺ϶֣ΪûаգֵĻǰ齻Ȼǲܡ
飬ǳǶԣ޷ܣ
Ƭ֮󣬾ɫƽеɱ֮⣬ֱŷƵȻĿˣǾϷѵһ£
ԯż˫ͬʱ̤ǰһȻɫħҲͬǲʾ
λǰԼž󸶯ΣȻʱȴǿڵɫ¶һЦݡ
ţԯһۣе㲻׷ƴʱеͷʲô㡣


3020 
ҪԾ
ԯһ£ɵʵ
ţûƵ˵ͷȻԼĴ㣬ĻܹǱǣⳡ֮У˵ʵǲԸǣˡ
ĻܹǹžԽֲ֣Ӱ쵽ˡ
ңĻؾҲǾܾΪûаսʤ񽫾ǿߡ
󸣬֮£ͶԽǣˡʱҲ΢΢̤ǰһ
Ҫҵ󸵱Ҳһ㶣û뵽ƻ˵ش㣬е㲻ţڲ²⣬ǲڴʲôıơ
ģҲǸˣҵȵʵǰıƻʲôôЦЦҲ̫ˣභˣ㴦ã෴ˣϵ齻ңΣ
Կ
Ƕھԣջ
Ȼ¾Ҳ붼ûж룬ֱӵصͷӦˣ
ôڳҲǲܵõǾϷúõ㶯һΣҲǺ
ôһҲǴӦ˷Ƶ˫Խ֣˭ʤˣܹȨҪԷ
£˿˼֣Ҳ޿κΣԯƺͼ˫һۣҲ˺˲٣óһֿռ䣬зӡ
ƣСĵ㣬ɲǼ֮ԯԲѵ
Ƶ˵ͷȻףܹΪ񽫾Ĵڣ˭Ǽֻ֮ոǽ񽫾Ҫе˽ǰľ󸣬ǸĶ
Ǽ䣬֮ձǽžԶԵøΪƽһ㣬ڵڱţͬǿյڣǳͬһ㣬Ǽӿ֣
֮ǼƱɫ󸲻ʾ΢ɫâ֣һԵøΪ׺Ĳɣӿ֣ͬһԽʱĳӣޣ
ھı󣬳ֶһģӰòֻԼؿ˾Ÿ飬ͬһ貣Ǿı
һĻغһ͵صɴףֱӵر̧۳һʺѤâ¡ѹ£
Ѥɫͬǵӣֶ£ûκεⷢһ̣ɫ֮ЯżΪµһƬ
𣡡
ֱӵŭһϵĵɫâʱǣֱӵʧԭأȻһӰȴǶȻرʵ࣬һӣֱӵض˱
޶ԣȻǻǿ̬ȻܹΣֻзӱǿʱ
ЦȻǲηһ㣬ֱӵش߶ڵγһУ֮кݺݵ£
ʱ֮ž󸱾ϵĳɫâڴʱȴǱ貵Ĺâͬǳһ㣬ϢǼÿ࣡
ǾƬֱӵ۶һɫս
Ľǰ׺̬ɣͬһ񣬲̤ŴĿĵĳɫâǿõܲǿ֮⡣
ս
ԯ˫Ҳǽһ£о㵲ѣҲƴˣȻֱӵض˱ս˿ƵĻ·Ӱ
ȼĴڶԣƳıǳĴӰһ£ͬǵȼǿԻصĴڶҪ޷֮صĶкεȳ̶ȵ
仹񽫾ĴڣսȥƺԻƣ
ɫ˲£ȴûɷ֮еǵ˺֮ȴûиκε˺
񽫾
ԼĹƺʧȥãƲɵüͷ񽫾ֶεȷеԼȹǷ𾳵ǰԶܣ
񽫾ĴǲһܣΪǱ˴һȼģʮֵ
Ϊֻôһô
¾Ƿ̵ҲǸ֣͸ս˫¶˷̵ɫͬһעŷƣƺǸ
ƽüͷҲ˺ƺǲƣȻطԼĹƣǼ䣬ȺӿΪ֮ɫ֮Ƿˣ
ǿƣǼһƬ


3021 Ǵ֮
ıǼ仯ǿƣסƬռ䣬ͬһ޴
ʱ˿̣󸼸ȫűһŷսľı壡
ɫľ󸣬ǳӴ̺Ǽֱӵػһ㣬һƬĿռ䶼Ťһͬ˽һƬ𺣵С
ɫս֮ϵĵƬžÿһ˴̶죬Ϊش̶
ϼһﲻȻ嶼ֱӵضá
ԯüͷȻҲе㿴ۣǺ޶ԣһʩչ˱ĻȻǵΪǿľ磡
Ǹʱ򣬷ȻͬΪһĶ֣ܹž̬¶ԿĻá
ͬΪޣԯƷǳһǽ˱״̬֮УǻøΪǿȻʱƵĵȴδ͸¶֣е㾪ɲ
Ȼ˵ˣôӦþŰգǿȥɣʵڲеĻǳ־ˡ˫ԱҲǳһµ
ǳ֣زͻôԯʱǹֱһ㣬˫ȴҡҡͷЦʲôأȭͷǸ˵ǹأ񽫾ĴڣѾԶԷˣ˵Ļǹأ
ԯƳĬһ۷ƴʱ״̬Ҳǲ˵Ȼųɡ
˵ˣһ£λûӵǿһǾģûǽô˫Ҳ̾ԯƾ㲻ãʱ̫壬޷ԼĿ
ԯ˼Ƭ̣ҲǺݺݵص˵ͷ˫˵òλûĻӵѹǾ󸣬ôվΪ˵õԼҪһУǲֶΣ
˽̸֮ʣž֮սǰȻ
ȻûйĻʽҲûо˵ը˵Ӱʱʱ֣ÿһγֶ̺ش
񽫾Ĵڣ
һΣûκεıԼһֶΣܹʹõĶʹ˳
ϵڱţͬǳһ壬ʱȷǳǿ̺֮Ǵϵ𵴶õ÷ƴʱȥͬһƿǴ֮ս
ȻƴʱȴǷһܹŹֵ飬ǾǾԼӵеǴ֮ûκηֶΣÿһԼǴ֮ΨһܹľԼǿķŸ񵵡
ȻԼ׵и񵵣ȻǴ֮׸񵵶£仹һ񽫾ǿŵǴгǿĻ֮
һĻƲɵһֲ룬ѵЩ޶ûоǴô
ĻôԼƿصǴ֮ΪµĴڣ
룬ʵҲûе̹֮Ľƴڣһеο˵ػкڰ֮Ĵڣ޷
ôһĻ͵ǿΪ֮ǿߣûгܹǴĴ
Ϊô˵ؾʹûгֹǴõ󸼴޾ͷǴĵֿҲûκε֪
Ȼʱڶ֮һԣֳԶԶسǵ֪֮Уվڰ֮УżΪµĵâ֮ʣ˵Ķһ־֣⵽ʲôȻ˵ؿ£
ʶô
ʱ˫Ҳǳصʱɫǲ֮⣬ֳǶԣȫһδ֪Ǻǿ
ǿһǶоļµչֳȫûнӴ
ѵ̺֮ԯͬҲǾɲصһƬâеľȻǲ˵
ʱ˶ǳĬԣǶԣǻ£ƱֵԽǿ󣬶ǶԣԽãȥǶ˱Ǵ·磬һĻƾܹεƿؾ档
ܹõ鴫֮ˣҶ޷Ȱ
þƬ֮ԯҲ̾ңҿԼŷѵĹϵȻĻһΪˣֶ֣Ҳǻоޱȡ
ʱڷڵһƬ򣬳Ǵ֮貵âϵ£Ȼ󸱾ǿᣬȰĻ֮ǰҪǼ̫ãǿе̫ˣ
ɫıսʱ𽥵


3022 ʯ٣
ʱò˵ǣڶ֮˶ԣʱƴ𺳣㹻֮ǿˣ
Ǵ֮Ļ֮õƬռ䶼𵴲ѣĩһ㣬ɫħ㻹оһǿߣԱʶ¶һ㵵ɫֱǳǵ󷶳롣
󸣬һΣҲɱ㣬ֻҪе飡
ƴʱվǺ嫵УҲغһ˵ʵȼǿߣʵǲ̫Ը⽻֣˴γ֣ҪΪԼҪ̽һ񽫾֮սʽ
ȷʵеʧ֮ޣûǴ֮ȻҲǿȡ
һĻԱ͵ǲûܹھϵõһЩõĶ
룡
ĻشǼȻǴâ֮£˫еɫδɢȥԣԼ˶֪ãվȻԵڷôһСУ
Ҫô飬Ҫô
ɫƽصھ޷Լ࿹⣬ϾǴǳؿ£Ȼ񽫾ĴڣδӴǴҲ޷⡣
Ҿɱ㣡
¾Ҳŭŵǲظıսʱٶɢ貵ĺɫâΪޣǼ䣬ͬһͷȻݺݵ˺ҧƣ
һ˰ɣ
һĻ˫ԯƶǵɴԼ˫ۣƺǷǳؾ㵡
ɫħ㶼ļ¶һ£ΪǰƺȫҪƴˣô
ȻˣǾݹˣ
ЦصĿֻҪõѣȻǿӲĻôҲǲκε飡
䣡
޴ĺһ̣׵쳹˶֮֮£ĿȥһƬ貣ŵſµâһ˲֮£֮Ƿ
һҪʯٰ
ԯڲԶ̾žƴӣҲȷʣͷƣΪƿصǴ֮ʵ̫ǿˣ
ǿͬȼǿ߸޷⣡
ȴǲ˵ذ˷ƵУԸʯ٣Ҳ÷Ըóѣ
˫ҡҡͷڽսֵĽǲ²⵽˽ԣǱʧܣѡŷƴһΣʯ٣
ɫսҫ۵âһ̣һͷ޴ޣͬħسŷƣǲķӦĻᣡ
΢΢̧ͷһ۴ʱ״ľ֮ҡҡͷֱӵָճȭͷǼ䣬ƵɫâǼ۶һƬһƬĻ
ЩĻ֮УǴֱ֮ӵػһ޴׵طƬռ䣡
ѹ
һ£Ǿ޴ֱӵؾǱЩǴ֮ѹţ׵ضã
һĻԯҲüͷֱһ֣ٶǴ۽磬ƼǲѴֱ֮ӵؽס˾󸣬ʱûС
͵һ£ֱӵرеҪɫսϵزţҫ۵âδֹͣ˵ʧܣΪƲԶԣʹõδӴģżΪǿĻ֮
Ѳǣ⣬Ǵ֮ʵ̫ˣ
ûõģֿٶ֮
غһ˫һ𣬲ϵ˸ֱ仯ӡֻǵ貵âԾ쳣̺ſµǴ֮Ͳܹġ
â۶ɵΣҲǳ׵طס˾󸡣
Ũһ˲֮£׵ƽϢȻȴûκεķأȻԻ壬Ҳûκεãʧˡ
ʧܵԼе޷ʹõδӴģĶ֣
ɣ
עž󸣬Ǵ֮۶ɵγ׵ؽסҲû̸еأܵ˶ǳĬеԽܡ
û˵˫ŭŷƣȴδֹͣ
ֿɣǴȻ񽫾ǿߣҲ
Ƶصؿʱıսǳ׵ʧɫǿµǴ֮ǰֻһ취ǾӲȥǾֻܻҽ
ǴֻܹƿصƵõԸǿߣȻޱȡ
룬ǾԲύģһһغ


3023 ʤ
ǿ̬ȣڷƵԤ֮С
Ͼ񽫾ǿߣΪͷ
΢΢̾һҲ˫˸ЩâȻˣôҲǲҪˡ
ʱǴ֮סľûκεķ˫ʩչŲͬӡǴ֮Ѹٵ۶ɣӣƺҪսһս
һĻĳ֣Ծһǿ߶Ƿ׷׵¶֮ɫǵ峤ȻʱֻؿһĻķ
ħ񽫣
Ȼʱһ嵱еǿߣҲǺͻȻؽɫħϣƽʱȻҲֻܽɫħϡ
ΪⲢ𼶱Բֵսֻɫħ񽫾Ĵڣܹս֡
ɫħû˵ɫȻĥʲôԣƵǿǳϣԭΪƾԺɵʰơ
ȴ˵سϣƶҸһֳѰ벻ɣֱӵرǰѾܣ
ҷʹõǿᵽΪ֮ɵѡ
ǵȳǿĻ֮ʲô
ɫħڳǷҪ֣Ȼʱԯƺͼ˫ƺҲע⵽˲ɫ̤ǰһ˼ԣҪ֣ǾݹҲ֡
ɫħһӱǴͷûжİղ֣һĻȥӲ֡
ŭɲϣһ֮ǳŰĻ֮
Ƭ֮󣬷еӡҲɣʱһָľ󸣬ɫĮȻҡҡͷﴫһ
𣡡
Ǽ䣬һڵ£Ǵ֮۶ɵǴǼӿ貵âͬ嫵γһ㣬ֱӵû˴˵أ˶ǲɵ΢˫޷ֱǿ
֮Уƺһҽû֪ҽǴӺζǲ˶е̾һ´ӽտ֮Ĵ޾ͷҪˣ
䣡
þòƽϢټĺϣûа룬ȴֻһڰ֮еΡӰǱǷƣ
ҫ۵âǲͬǾĳɫʧ
һʤƺǳ
ȻʱȴǶһɫ飬ھϵõ飬е飬ǲɵ΢΢̡
ȷǱЯֻ޷͸飬ĻԼΪġ
񽫾սȻǼ˵㣬Ҫʶⶫ֮ǿߣƺûʶǴڶԣԼռ˸ˡ
ɵرǽ˾󸡣
ʱ֮һƬţԯƺͼ˫ҲԭأȻһĻǷǶԣޱȣ
⡭ͽˣ˫͵ص˫۱¶һŵɫȻɵرǱˣģ񽫾ǿߣ
ƺǵġԯҲţǰʵȴǸǣƵȷɱ˾󸣬һǻ顣
һﵽʲôͷȻ˵ؿ£ֱ˼顣˫Ƶɫ֪Ǳ˳˼ɵԭܼ򵥣ܹɵؽ󸣬ôԶԣͬҲǿԺɵؽ񽫾ǿߣ
Ī龳
󣬼˫Ҳ뵽ܣɵг˾㵡
ôܣֲǲã𾳵ǿߣǴеõ飬ҲǳΪ񽫾ԯƿЦʵϵȷˣǰķҲȷǳǵϡ
Ϥƣ˵ҲΪƾ龳ǿߣ
ܹе飬һͿԿͲѰ֮ˣ˵˵̹ԨԴ
ԯҲȻصƲ⣬ΪҲо飬޴֣񿴵ܹ˱֣Ҳв²˵ĻʵԽ͡
ʲô˵̹𡭡˫Ҳ¶֮ɫ
Ҫ̫Ҳֻ²ѣϾҲ֪ǵȾǿߣܹ²ģˣպ֪ҪǣܹڷƵϵõλİ취
ԯҲƵصǲɵǸһĨЦ⣬ύƣⱲֵõ飬Ͼȱ롣


3024 
ڷƴʱı仯ԯƺͼ˫ûйȥ²⣬ٶĲ²Ҳǲ²ѣʵϸûκεʵЧ̹֮ϵΣҲ޷²⡣
ʱԯУܹ÷Ƶõ֮һ巵ǵλ棬¶ǶԣҪġ
䣬õȫǼžǺƮŵľӴı壬֪ж𺳵˵
ȻһеʼٸߣȴһƽɨӶڳɫħϡ
Ѿ߿ˣ֪һоſţɫħһţӵĿе֪һ䡣
Ҳ˵ֻҪǴɫħеȥĻǰе鶼ǵõˣôȻʱԼǿԵ֪һЩҪĶ
̹ǷˣһжǵõȵԼõ֮󣬲֪
ɫħüͷֲԤУΪľ飬ȻʱˣеҲǸ赽˷ƵУôƽĿľǷǳȷˡ
ɫħ㣬Σ
ʱƻ̧ͷ¶һϷʵɫɫħ㡣
ɫħװһ֪Եɫƣʲô˼
΢΢һЦҲǵصҵĿĺܼ򵥣е顣
ɫħҶ֮ഫĶܹ׵ؽɱ˾󸣬ȡ飬
ɫħ̬ȻҪһ޵ķŭ
֮󣬹ȻһЩǿ߽Ǵӱ֮лعŷ¶һҧгݵɫǵӣƺĺ޲ɱƣΪǵ峤
ɫħ㣬ԭΪǸˣ㻹ЩֶΣЦɫħֶܹùķۣҲǲڣΪܼ򵥣ϣھԵʵǰȭͷǸ˵Ļȷģ
κεıھԵʵǰǲһ
Ƶʵ˵Ǿڶ֮κһϣԯƺͼ˫Ҳ޷ŷء
ɫħܹǿ߶֣δҲЧ
飬ɲ
һһرƽɫħ㣬ûа˷̬ŭ˲پǿߣһֱۣӵ֡
Ȼͷû̧ǲںЩֻЩǿ߸޷ƵܱǱֱӵصȻʱӷǿƣֱӵɫħ㣡
ɫħɫޱȣ˲עʱ򣬾ȻֱӵҪתӣǼ˫ԯҲӦǻعɫħʧԭء
һȻֱܣ˫һ£ȻеԽܡ
ܣܵõô
΢΢һЦ΢һ̣ԭ¶һӰʵ˲Ĺ׷ɫħ㣬֮мһĹ򣬼˫˸ϲ
⡭
ԯҲˣ¸޷ܣΪηƾȻӵٶȣ񽫾ǿߣҲǸǵϡ
߿ԣ飡
˲׷ɫħ㣬ҲЦŵ
Ȼʱɫħȴסˣ붯޷һԤУٴܵҲһܹ׷
㵽˭ɫħ֮вɵǸһĨֳܸʵȫ񽫾Ĳϡ
˭㲻ùܣֻҪ顣ƵһЦҲصԼλ棬ǵûκεã齻ҡ
˵ûдɫħû˵˵ʵô꣬Ҳͼƽİ鲻ܹģȻ˭֪̹йأǹϵ
ջû˿ԵֵˣǶΪԽǿ߶ԣ񽫾ǿߣҲвʱǻһĨ
㲻ô³žһģһ
ƵҲǲɵñɭһ㣬û̫࣬ǰɫħ㲻ʶôôֻܲȡǿӲֶΡ
ãҸ㣡
ɫħջЭˣΪջǰҲõ£Լֵܹùƣ׷Ʈϣʵǰģŷƣһһи
˵ʲôҲüͷɫħ㻹ʶʱģû֡


3025 ڰ˿飡
뿪ʱ򣬴ɫħһ塣
û뵽ɫħȻˣΪ㵣µ˵ͷҲǳֻҪ齻ңȻûκ⣡
˵аܹõе飬Ҳ֤ܹ뿪λ档
ƵҲʵػشûбҪƭˣɫħ㣬ԯƵ˵ҪҲˡ
ãұǰ齻㡣
ɫħջѡǾ󸣬ʵûκεĶԹзӲκεãҪǣ齻ƵĻôɫħһ壬ͬҲǿ뿪λ档
ףǶ֮壬λ棬ڽٵλ֮Ǳ̹ǿзӡƬ޷ȥôһֱѰ뿪İ취
Ȼ̹Ļǽ񽫾ǿߣҲ޷һ㡣
Ƶĳ֣νһתۣΪ飬飬һֹһţעŷƵǷɫħҲǺԼǷƵĶ֡
žһ֣һ顣
֮ɫħҲǻؽԼ飬ȻвᣬϾǣܣǰȨ⣬Ǻ
ҪȥǾͽ顣
ŵֵĵڰ˿飬Ҳ΢΢ؼһſ飬ǵ˰˿ţʣһţڶһУ
ĻֻҪصһ壬ӵĿе֪һ䣬ôͿռ㹻飬֮󾿾ᷢʲô飬Ҳ޴ӵ֪
Ҳ֪Σǵȫռ飬̹Ƿڣʱ֪
ѽ赽ϣܹ˵ʱɫħҲûʲô˵ģΪƺеΪ·ƶʾ
ģʱգܹ뿪ôȻ뿪ҲǽյԼУһЦݵص
ɫħ˵ͷҲһ֮ɫתȥطǾ뿪
Ŀɫħ뿪Ҳ¶΢΢ЦݣɨӶЩԾһǿߣЩ˵ûбƿϾȴڶԣ𼶱ǿ޷ٶκεв
ʤΪΪܣһ壬պֻҪǵңȻǲǡҲǵص˰ֵ߰ɣٳ֡
һǿ߽ӣȻŭȴκεΣֻ㬵ȥ
ƣҹȻûп㡣
ʱһΣ㻯⿪ԯƵҲصһԭΪǽҪ޾ͷһƾŷƵֶΣ׵ػ⿪ⳡս
˶ԣҲһˡ
Ȼɵرǻɱ˾󸣬ȻǲѰ֮ˡ˫ҲǵЦ
λǰͣ·Ҳ΢΢һЦΪǫصˣѡ
ˣƣ㷽ʹõǵǺε
ʱԯƳ˼Ƭ̣ҲǳʵڷƷʹõǵʵ̫ļˣŪĻǸõ㡣
ˣ㲻˵ĻǾˣǲ׷ʡ˫һ۷ƣҲǵ
ҡҡͷЦĪλǰû˵Ǵ
Ǵ
ԯƺͼ˫һۣҲΪɻص
ǴѰĻֻҪڽ֮ʣͻǴ٣ܹɹǴĻܹ˳ؽ֮ͻǻ֮һĨҽ
ƻؽ͵ҲͬΪһЩԵܹӵ
ԭôԯҲǵ˵ͷǶԣȷеˣϾ֮ûֹӷƵĿƺ磬ǳѰɼ
̫ڵġƻһЦ֮䣬ƺܹģֻһˡ
ŷ˵ԯƺͼ˫Ҳһ˵Ļôǻõ㣬ֻзһܹӵ粻˿Բֿµôǵеˡ
ʱҲԼƺҪͻ񽫾Ǵʱڶ֮赣ǣһ뿪֮ĻôҪٵǴͻ쳣Ŀ¡
ԣҪԵľǣȥӦҪֵ񽫾Ǵ벻Ӧİ취ôҲֻܼڶ֮


3026 ˼
£Ҳ˳˼УĽҪԵľԼ񽫾Ǵ
ƣδ㣿
ԯƴʱҲѯʵ
ѵھſõ֡
Ƴһ£ҲǵԼ뷨
аô˫һʵ
ҡҡͷԯƺͼ˫һ㶣ûаգ
ҵ˼ǣѰҵھſ֮ǰһԼ񽫾Ǵ
̾˿ĿǰΪͷ۵飬û֮һ
ݵǵȿԣǲʲôɾ£ԯɻص
ȻܹǴ֮⣬飬ҪԸҺܾˣûа취ֱֻ֣ͨǴԸңÿһԵǴǷǳؿ£һΣҲΪǡ
֪ЩһʱǽͲˣҲǻص򵥶ԣҪԵǴǱܹݵǴΪǿٱֹ
ŷ˵ԯƺͼ˫Ҳסˣֱ޷ţӷʹõǵѾǸܹ˿֮ȻʱȴǴӷƵĿе֪ҪԱ°ٱǴܹԵô
񽫾ǿȴ޵У޵еǿߣŽֻһǾ̹
ôֻ̹һܼ
һʱ֮䣬˫ԯƽǳĬ޷ܣ˵Ļ˵ŷֻҪ뿪֮ôҪǿµǴ֮
շ˵ƸûȥӦ̶ֳȵǴѣһĻǶò׳ֵϣٴ
ѵûа취ôԯҲΪ֮УԭΪǿƵĳ֣ǿطλϣȻʵڷǰͻ˾磬ȴûаȥӦǴ
룬а취ġ
ҲǽüͷҲֻǾΪֻҪһ̤֮ҪǴ
ǱڵĵˣһֱҪԼأֻÿһζǱԼͦȥȻԼľԽԽǿܹöԸԼҲǸΪ֮ǿ
ҵ龳Ļܹһս֮ɡ
ͷڷҲһţ֪ΪΣ֮Ҳһ΢ϣԼպ󵽴龳ĻҲûа취Լ
ȻͷҲѣƺԼǳ񽫾ѣҪ龳»ǲ֪ʲôʱ顣
ʵ񽫾֮Ժ֪֮֮˺ܶ飬֪񽫾ʼΪĽǿܹɣܶʱҪԵԡ
ԵˣôͻƾȻˮɣûԺͻԵǿǧ꣬Ҳδܹ
֪ǣԶڼ䣬ȱһЩ˾̾ǿߴ棬ǿԳ񽫾ӣȱȽǣȻԣ͵˻̫ˣܹĪе
֮ǴŽƣǷԭλôƴʱһĨ⣬ƺ뵽ĳֿԡ
ǵģ̹֮µĽƣж뿪֮Ŀܡ
ԣ΢΢ر˫ԼڵӦ֮ܿĸ֪֮УǷ֣һֿ֮ʮֵޣƾ飬Ǹ޷õ
ȻޣȴŰ׵ظһϵȻȴⶫ֮Ľƣ²֮򵥣ԼһָоĽƣȫƣ
ΪڶһͬҲƵĽƣ
ҽ⿪˶֮ĽƣҲ޷뿪ƻصԼ⡣
ԣԯƺͼ˫ɫʱ䡣
ţһû˵ꡣҲһЦڶ֮棬ʵһƣͬǽһ뿪ͬزҡ
ĵصûв´ĻĽӦþĽϵƵ֮ĽƣӦûа취ȥҪƽĽƣֻĻǲ뿪λ档
ôԯҲǾɥصʵеˡ
һƣоԵİտԽ⿪һ뷨֪Զ󡣡Ҳ˫˸âһĽƣֻҪʯûȥȻǽ⿪ⲢǺܴ⡣
ôֻҪ˵صĽƣôˡ


3027 ˼
뷨ǣ
£ԯҲǴӷƵ֮Уų˷ƺа취вѵٶȼЩϣ
ģȻ˵ӵ̹µĽƣǳذ磬Ѱ˼ǷܹĽҵǴ
˫˸ЩâҲһЩƻ
˼ǣö֮ĽǴ˫Ҳ˹ֱӵʵ
Ƶ˵ͷֱӵصûΨҲܹİգܹǶɹԼǴ
ɴ˵صĽƣ̹аգԯҲѯʵ
ӦУղҵĸ֪֮£ܹŴ˵صĽƲӦҲǳղŵǷӦ֮£Ҳ򣬶֮ĽڵЩϵ
Ӧ֮£÷Ʋ˼룬ô˵صĽԼǴͷ
뷨ȥӦǿеġ
˫ԯһۣҲޱȣǴΣǴӷƵϼʶˣ˵ؽ֮ǿᣬǸΪ
֮Ĵ壬Դǽٵλ֮ʱŰ취ƽ˵صĽƣǺܿϧȥˣĴ嵱Уǿ߱û
Ϊ˵صĽƣ̹
ܹ̹ǵȾ磬пܡ
ֻ̹ֹֻһΡ
·ƵͷȻ񣬵ʵϣϸһҲǲûпܵ飬˵ض֮ĽͬҲ̹һĻȻҲܹǴ֮⡣
΢΢سһ£ҲǾãԼҪ£ǰԼǰ֮󣬲㹻İա
̹µȻŹ֮ȻܹӦûжİգ飡
ǰˣǾ൱˰˿飡
˿飬Ѿ޵ؽӽ˾ſ飬ȫ̹УصʱǷһЩϲ顣
󣬷Ҳǳһ̧ͷԯƵǰҪٴνɽȽбչء
㻹Ҫ飿ԯü
ûֻаˣҲ㹻İաЦЦλҪǼٴ鷳ǰˡ
˵ȻҪˣȻǲܾԯЦЦû£ٶȽ鼴ɡ
ҳ֮գǳƽ֮ʡ
ҲˬʵһЦⶫ֮޿ɶǰϣء
˫ԯһۣҲǿЦԣηƱչأָǵٶȹȥ꣬һιȥ꣬Ȼһβ֪ǷҪٶȻꡣ
ǼˣҲĸԸصȴȥΪǷλϣ
ͬҲβɵĻƵ³ҲǷǳؿɱ޷ô˵صĽȥǴôƵ³ֻһ
ʱ䱦󣬷ûй뷨Ҳǵ˵ͷֱӵرٶȷɽ֮УԼıչأ
ԯƺͼ˫ʰо֣ǶԣĴ֮еľˣôһ޻һЩҪǳ
ΣʱĶ֮Ҫǵƿ֮УܹǳκεĲ
ɽ֮ڣٶͳ飬˳˼ǵڰ˵飬ɵĻԼһε֮ΪŲ
ܹٶһ磡
֮ϣ飡
龳ʱ䣬һ񽫾ǿѾ۷壬һɾ龳ǵǾ˫֮ˡ
غһҲٶȱ˫ǿԼƽʼ֮¡
ȥ˴Դӷƽɽ֮Уһ㱵Уٶǹȥ꣬Ȼ֮ҲǴĴ峹׵γ塣
һǳ׵ʧˡ
ף˵˴λҪã
ɽ֮⣬һƽؿɽȣǽأȻûټȴɭϵĻڷƽ˱չ֮ܵǼǿ
һֻһ
֪չһ£ȫԵǻԵˣǿԳˡԯЦЦ
ܹ뿪ôһãص
ܲܣϣԯҲûش⣬ԼҲûԵĴ𰸣ֻǽʱֻҪ÷պأǿ֪
ɣǿ뿪λ棬ɣڴ˵أҲǻɢ


3028 ɱ
һۣתǹȥ꣬棬û˿ͬ붨ɮһ㣬˿ɽȵУȻûκѹļ
˫ɫħҲǶѯʣƽΣʧǣûѹ
ˣҲֻǼصȴȥ
֪ٶǹȥ꣬İ棬ƶǽһ״̬֮С
գ˫ɫħٶȵÿ֮˶ǻǵĴˡ
ƿɻûа㶯
ɽ֮ڣԯƺͼ˫ɫħٶǾۼڴ˵صȴš
İˣΣ˫Ҳʵ
Ҳ֪ģչ֮ɵǱţİ꣬ҿδһԯҲҡҡͷЦ
˫ɫħһۣҲҡҡͷû˵
ȻˣǱ뿪ɣһɫħҲǲ˷ʱ䣬תҪȥ˫˵ͷͬҲ˵ش㡣
Ȼʱ֮ڵˣǼ˫ڣͻȻһ£ͬһ˲Ļ㱣ڸղһ˲䵱Уÿ˶ʧһ̡
һ̣ȴ쳣ޱȡ
Ƽ˫Ⱦǿߣôǳʧ
ҲͬӦô˫͵̧ͷصص
ùŹֵƣ
ԯӵɫȫȻγµأղһ˲䣬˶ǳǵ˵ΪزѰ
洫Ĳ
˫Ͷɽ֮ڣ𽥵رó˹Ź֣ѵǷҪѵô
ԯüͷȻһ̣ǳɽȣʱ֮ȴǻظһӰ
Ƿƣˣ
ɫħۼ⣬±ǲɵʧе
˫ԯһȻˣǷƣ
ֱӵشɽ֮߳һƽɫˣҲǵ˵ͷֱ˹
һιȻûа˫һЦԭǴ׼ˣȻȴʱϢʵõ˷ࡣ
λõˡ
һЦ⣬֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬Ȼǰƺһֱڵȴ
Сӣһİ꣬ǿɵȴúˡԯƹһЦ
İꣿһ£һξȻǹȥİ꣬Ҳʵе㾪㵣ϸһҪʱ䣬ҲȻˡ
ףΪô£ΪʲôӦˣ
ʱ˫ȴͻȻ̧ͷ¶һ㵵ɫ´ŷơ
ô£ԯƴʱҲǷ˲Ծ֮ʱǰķȻǰһ㣬ǻȴûаϢԣһ˿ҲûУҪ֪ͬǣҲӲǵ˫ۡ
ǰķƣȴͬһѰһ㣬ûаһ㶼ûУ
΢΢һЦͻˡ
ԣ˲ʯԭأͻơͻƣ
ӳŲ˼ɫƾȻͻˣ
ǡǳɾ龳
ҵ죬㲻ڿЦɡ
˫е͵صʵ̫ˡ
ЦЦû˵ʲôȻ΢΢ر˫Ǽ䣬˫Ӷ¶˸Ϊ㵵ɫһ֮䣬ǰķͬǱòֱӣһɷǳµѹ
һĻ𺳵ǣԲ񽫾ܹģ
ǰķƣѾͻƳΪ飡
еޣ޵УվһǻữޣȻ֮Ҳص˵ôһͷԵĻ
ɫħе޷ͣ龳ԴԶʱȥ֮Ѿʧλ棬ģҲһƲлѡ
񣬷ѾǳΪ˻ʵ龳ǿߣ
ⱾѾɾһ棡
ʱɫħа͵Цҿûѡŷƶ֣ȻĻոǲվ
һ龳ǿߣ
ȥƬ֮˲ǻعȻʱҲڵϢ±ͬͨһ㡣
߰ɣҪƿ֮ĽˡҲҲԼĹǣǰ꣬İ꣬ȥ߰꣡Ȼ߰棬ԼȻǵõ㹻֮Ľ
Ҳеǳˣ棬һֱǰʧɣΪĸ󻼣
ǧ֮ڣת۾͵˰
ǽԼҪһ飡
ڵ㣬аôԯһǵصΪٶͻƣȻҪԵǴ¾ǸΪؿ£ͻˣҪٵģǸ࣡


3029 뿪
ɡ
ԯƵ⣬Ҳûжİգ˵ʵѾӵ˰˿ΪѾͻƵ龳
ǲô˵ʱԼǿԽǴһΣǳп
ĴڣһֱҪĨɱԼȴڹԵʣ޷Գ֣һβһԼֱӵؿԽ磬һԶ֮󣬴ûгֹ飡
Բ޶ԵģΪηƼسɳȥôƷǳпܻΪڶ̹
̹һ־ֻ֣ѾǲԼǣ̹Ůʥ󶼲ûдλϣôӵڶ̹ĳ֡
ΪһǳΪ̹༶ĴڣڷǰҲֻǸ׳Ƴûа㷴֮𣬲Ƿһ֮䣡
ڵǸʱνҲȫܹף
ʱ䲻ˣҸ뿪ˡ
Ҳ̧ͷһܣ֪̾ʱת۱ǧޣܿǵˣΨһǵľ֯ǸطһӡƵĻû֪ʲô顣
ԯһۣҲǵ˵ͷ
ء
ԯƵ˵Ļֻһ仰ΪǺƼҪٵĴȻȴûκæϾǵȿµͬ񽫾ǿߵǣҲη
ûϣʧܣΪڷƵϣ뿪λ棬طϣһˣǾǵڣǽԶرڶ֮
ռһ飬ұǷء
Ҳ̧ͷ˵ԯƵ˵ĳŵûԯƣԼҪѰҵЩ飬Ҳڵ졣
ò˵һ֮Уƺڤڤ֮Уһаһ㣬ڶ֮飬Ȼ֮ǰ֪һ
ǵ㣬ϣܹٴγ֡˫һЦܹٴγǵǰȻǺ£ֲ˵ĻǾ͵ڷԼǴ֮Уٻˡ
ЦЦɨһˣ˻֣תȥ
ŷȥıӰԯƵҲǳ̾˿Σ޴ӵֻ֪Ǵ
ˣˣ˼Ҷˡ
ԯƳһۺ䣬ҲǵЦȻȴС͵һ죬ͷ˵
ٴλĻҪˣֻһΡ
ԯҲǵЦԼŮС˼ǿֻһУȥδȻǲֺ֧䣬÷һٶȷ֮ʣô͵Ǵ뿪֮ǸʱȻǲᷴԡ
ҧ촽Ĭԣƺﶨʲô
ȻһУȻǲ֪飬ʱǼٵǰУǰǰߣϸֵȴصɫ
밶ߣԼĪ·̡
ʱһֱǰƽбչصңҲĥһ·̵
ǰʱԵĻ鷳뿪Զһ㡣ƳĬһ£Ҳǵ
ң˵ͷȻޱȣǵ֮£ԼڷظõߣѰ·Ǵǳ֪ۻǴ
΢вأ̻
ʵڲеĻնΪ
ʱңҲǳĬƬ̣ص
նΪһ߷ǳԾ飬ƴʱԼ֪жٰյǴһΣͷնһֵΪһĻǴȻǲٽ١
ĺôǿԱסڣҲ޷нĻᣬǵ䣡
ƶ飬ȻΪҡҡͷЦ˲ͬ·ϣҪôҪô
Եϴоſа˿ţȻ֪е׹ϵָΥҲҪĨɱңصȻ֪顣
޷ˣĻôܵĽǱҸΪҡ
ƿЦû·ΪԼ֮һ㣬ԼһҪôȥҪô䣡
ȻҪ䣬ƺ֮ж󲻵顣
Ҳֻףˡңҡҡͷ֪޷ƣΪǷƵҲҪԵ顣
ǴĻһֱӵطضһ壬ʱػصߣȥǴҲǳ̾һ֮£Եǲܻصһ塣
ֻҪһ̤֮ķΧ޾Ǵǽ٣


3030 Ǵ
֮󣬷嫵Ķ֮н˳;棬ڿһĨߵľɫ
ӦǺԨ붫һڵĵط벢̫Զڴ˵ضɹǴĻӦǲκεӰ졣ңڴ˵ȻϤޱȣʱ꣬Ҳȴ
Ƶ˵ͷҲȻʱ꣬Լٶ̤½أҲ̾Ϣһ
䣡
ȴڷ̤½صһ˲䣬֮жʱǱ÷ӿһ죬Ծ֮ʴ綼ܹܵõ
һɰѹԲ֮ͬһҪһ㣡
湻ųģش˴Գ˰ɡ̧ͷɫȴû˿ı仯һĻȻõԲжྪȡ
бˡңҲ֣صصǴȷǿһ㣬δ٣ȴӵ˺嫵ƣʵ
һģҲҵĻʯԼضһˡЦ
ңûж˵ʲôǵ˵ͷתȥ飬ûκεæһжֻԼ
ʱ֮䣬Ȼǿߵע⣬壬ԼͷǷ׷ĸоһ־㵣˰˭ģ
ȻһЩ֮ˣȻǻ뵽˷ƵϣֻǶǶԣʧ꣬Īڽбչأǳɹ
ʥѧ֮ڣ˶һ𣬷׷׵ؿƱɫĲ񷣬ÿ˵ɫǾޱȡ
ӦǸİɡ
СҡҡͷѾǳˣ̳׵òһա
벻ˡʱХҲǵЦɫҲǱ࣬ҡͷĻº鷳ľǰĻ񽫾ٵǴʮֵؿ¡
ԣһ˶ʱǳĬƵļλҲ¶֮ɫƵǶʮֵÿһδǴʵԼȥĲ
һζɹǴǺķ˶˵ɶΪ˸˾޴Ĵۣǿ÷ƽɹ߿һˣΣʵš
ɣȻǲ˵شǴʱɶҲֻ˵صȻͬҲżޱȣƣûаյ顣
ҲֻˡŮһۣҲ¶ǳ֮ɫ
ʵɶǲ뵽Ǵ˵аվܹԵģ·ٵҪǾǱҪǴûеѡ
֮İߣʱȴǹ֮
ϵȴǷӿ𽥵رû谵ڶ֮ϣȴǳһƽ˾ɫȫͬһ㡣
Ƴһ۶֮ҲҡҡͷȻǽƵ̹ͨȻǿֲ˹ǿԳ׵ظȻϸ֮£Ҳ˹ϾҲ̹һ־ֶѡ
ɣҼʶһ
ʶͳ͵̧ͷ˫Ĳ񷣬һһӭ϶ȥ
䣡
һ޴죬ƺڻӦŷƵĲǼ䣬س׵رû谵ԭĲ񷣬ʱȴ˲ؽ˺ɫУǵſ»֮â
ȻһУȴû˿Ŀ־壬ֱӵر̤ϰգֱӵؽǺƵУ
֪棬ҪԵĴڣ
һ̣綼ĩһ㣬񷳹׵ر˺ڰ綼ˣڿֻţȻֻһЩǿߣ¶ֵɫŲ񷡣
֪սȨУ
ߣУһģȴǲ࣬˶ǵǰȴǳ˷ƣĸ֣׵
µ·Ҳǻ̧ͷʱǴƵУǳâЩâȴ޷κε˺
Ҫ֪һǴ䣬ܹɲԤϵĻ
ˣΪλ
Ҳ΢΢̧ͷ֪һ쳣ǿϢˣȴûгǰö˵Ҳ֪龳Ϊ̹֮£ȴ֮ϣ
Զʱڣܹɾ龳Ҳǲ̹࣬־һ֣ܹӵ˿µΪ


3031 죡
ӦŷƵֻǲϵغ񷶼ͬúҹĲڲϵص
ʱ޶࣬ǿʼɣЦ
ϣ׹޾ҪˣԴ˿ʼƿʼĵһ
䣡
֮ĿϢݳһѹ֣ǴԶǿߣܹܵõ춼Ҫһ㣡
棬ǳһ̣׵ػ貵âǴ֮Уٻʲôһ㡣
ʵâϵسֶͬҹĲ񷣬Ǽ۵âУϵسֳ־һĻ˶ǿԿõ
˷֣âУϵظģӰһԶŲɣϢʱԶŻ֣΢΢̧ͷɵ¶˳ԾɫΪЩУ˵ֵӰиʥޣ
һĻʵ̫˾̾ˣ
ͬǣЩâֳ֮ӰȴǿޱȣɢޱϬϢÿ˶ӵĪͨ
ЩֵӰУУŮĿȴģ壬綼𾪣ЩӰֳϢֱ̫ǿˣͲǿԿģ
ÿ˴֮䣬ԼĺۼЩյǿĴôƻȻǱһۿˡ
ֶΣյ龳ǿߣ֮µĸһжǱͨԻҲ˵ԼƺҪЩյ龳ǿߣ
湻鷳ġֹһȻɫȴûаɣ嫵֮УǵǷҲҪ˱֣ЩǴ֮ǿԻ龳Ĵˣ
ƻɢ貵âڵر˿鹲ͬڣϵתţԽǳɫŷƹͬڣϵسŲ֮ɢĻϢ
죬ϵرҪǴ׵ط飡һƬԼأ
嫵֮УƲϵ֮ΪµпһõӰʥޣʱ˿̣Ϊ˷ΪԶԸĴڣÿһӰ޷ƥе͸ŲɣͬǿԽʱĳӣԶŽ
һ֮УǷвţһӦ嫵֮һѰ˼龳ǿߣȻ鴫ȻĴӡҲԿ⣡
ʵⳡ嫵УһЩͬʥްӰҪԸ޿ܣЩ޷شʵ϶вģЩһ龳ǿߵӰ
ͬɣ嫣޿ƥУ
嫵֮âΪ貣޾Ǵ֮ؽ٣ƾţҪȫضɱƣ֮䣡
֪˶ã֮УӰڣɹӰԽ嫵ǿգǵƣֱҪݻ䣡
Ǵ貵âϵس֣־Ǵʱٶ֣ͬǣΪǿˣ
еǴںһ𣬲ϵ濰Ѱǿߣ޷⣬˵ص̲סǴݵȻˣҲûз˿µǴԼķȻഥĿĵƣʱ꣬Ѿܾû˹
̤ϣɱããУ˵ʥӰͬһսһ㣬ٳһԼĵ
̤ϣҪ棡
磬˭ܹ붫֮У˫ѰˣȻĻܹƽʵĶңǴʱ˿̣ǣȫѪܣɼɫ
ͬʣҲشѪɫ䣬鲻ϵţɫ緢
ʵ˵ףѾΪԼһ˶ɽ٣Ϊ²ڶɽ٣
ԶĴڣ֪ɱ˶Ӣţֻһƣܹ˵زȴ
죡ҪУһеĹеĽڣֻҪѳɹôͲٴڣȻʱͻǻָԶڼ䣡

ŭ𲻶ϣǱɣѪҺϵؽ˿µǴǲ֪˶ٴΣĴڣǻ˽ٻң
ΪԼĵڿǽԼ֮ϣ
ǷƣԲ֮£ȻҪôУ
ٶֽĴʱ̶п⣬𣬴Ӵ˲ٴڣ
䣡
ƵٶըȻһϢʱ䣬ٶǸ֣Ȼƿǣ˫֮͸¶âȴǸΪؿ£


3032 ˫
䣡
һǰδеľ޴죬Ǽ쳹ǿߵͷ֮У
ʱǿ¶֮ɫΪͬһʱ䣬ĶǸܵһּ¶
ļ¶ǴѪ֮УĳּҪһ㣡
ּ¶ĳ֣õЩǿ߷׷̲ס쳤Хĳ嶯ָоʵõһʹĸо
Ȼָоûãһ̣Ȼֹǿ¶԰֮ɫͬǱźһ㡣
Ϊܣ
֮Ƴµأ
ŭһ֮䣬߲ܵϵţӰϮҪ˺飡
꣡
˵У͵ظֳһһ̣֮еǿߣǼظоһָΪµļ¶
ǲؿԼ壬Ϊһ˲䣬ǲشʧ
һĻȻõΪ֮𺳣ǸǲǷʲô飬Ϊǻǳִ
ǿеĴӡͬһʱʧ֮УǶԣһ𺳣
ʱһеģƶǲ֪飬ٵĴΪգ
ӺڰĲ֮У͵һ޴âһ޴âƱ޿ɱܣ˱ǽӲԭأӲسһǴ
Ժ֮еɹ⣬ޱȣֱӵؾ˷޼᲻ݵǻ˵㳾ͬҪ׵ʧ䡣
ʱһӰ֮УûоʹֹͣԷƵϮԻûһµâϵرڷǷ֮ϡ
ҷͬٻһû˿ң
ſǴĳ̫УһµǷƵŭ˿ٶתѪ֮һڻҽ֮
Ȼʱڷܵ飬ҲǼںΪһ壬ɢΪ
ͬǻڵʲôʱҳƣһеǲڣڲûͻƣʱ
͵ŭһȻŭȴ쳹ǿߵС
һӣǿ߶ǷӦ˹֪ˣΪǻָо
ԭһжΪѹ
˵ȥǺţֱ󣬾Ȼȥѹǵ֮У
Ȼ㣬ֻǶݵĴ˲֮󣬸Ϊţƺʲô֮䣬Ҫըһ㣡
һĻĸܣȴ˷֮⣬ҲǶܹͬʱܵõڱһ㣬˭ҿԽɣ³ɣ
˿־ϢȻƵȴͬ籩֮еһҶۣϵرǳͷ֮ϵƣ
Ǽ䣬˸Ŵִͬɹһâٶ£Ƶһһεشݻ٣ȴûзʼڽſ
භ
ⲻĵһѣĿ飬ڲǸոյĿʼ
ɱ
ŭ𲻶ϣȫԼҪεȵĴۣУɢ貵âһ̣ͬ궼ȼֱӵգ
䣡
һ˲֮£֮Ķ׵ʧһ£ž˲䣡
ڣǻͻƣ
ʱ˿̣ʥѧǿ߶УȴͻȻ˷ƵɶзХƵˣ
һŭ׹һӵرǾǣ
Щ˷׷һۣȻǲʲô飬µǸоڵѾǳ׵ʧһԼڲϵشƺҪͻһ㣡
Ҫͻˣ
Х̧ͷХһ͵ؿ˰֮УʼԼǴ
һĻֻзХһˣҲͬˣСΣЩǳɾ𾳵ǣһӣͬǸܵͻƵ
ǾǴǽҼɣ
ƽޱȣȴ쳹ǵ
⾿Ǻεȵǣ
Ȼƴʱȴǲϵػȭ˲񷣬Կϵؽ֮ɢ
ǷƵĿ֮һ
ҪԼǴľٶҪɽ٣
ΪԼҪǽƵȻΣһζҪɹ
֮УҪԳʵƾԼɽ٣⣬ǲ׵ضеһ⣬Ǿ͵ֹһɽٵʱ
ǿ߶ڶɽ٣Ǹʱ򣬾˫һĻȻˣȴ֮⣬ǿ߽ͻƣⶼǲ˵Ĵ£ȻҪ׵ضɱЩˣҪܴĴۣ


3033 ֮
£أǳΪǿߣʼԼǴһĻΪǿǰ󣬿˵ûгֹһĻ
أϵسڷƳ֮ʣǷ׷׵ؿʼԼ
Ȼʱȴ̧ͷЦΣ
֮䣬ţǷƴ㣬ͬʱҲĸӦȻĵ˶֮ĽǼ䣬һɰĲţ
ڶ֮ޣԯƵˣͬһʱӦ׷׵̧ͷԯƵ˺ʱӦǿʼԼǴ
ף쳹࣬ģӰϵΧŷƣÿһӰ̺żΪֲ
Ȼƶڴˣȴ˿η壬죬֪ҪѡҪôȫɱҪôǷֳһֵȥѹǿ߽
֣һ֣ƶǷǳԾ
ȫɱƵĻôƲɹϣǶǳ֮񽫾µ龳˵Ǹʱ򣬾ʧˣҲ˽⿪ԼļӶܹϣ̤µĵ
ֵֻȥѹǿ߽ôȻڷƶԣǱøӵɣ
ڣ֮֮ڵĽѾǱԼȻصǼ䣬Ʊɫڵȣ
֮˻ǲϣЩӰ֮УԼظһž޴ƿһĻɫҲǱý࣬Ϊƺˡ
ģľû˾Ǳ壬ͬһ磬Զĥ͸
Ȼһ̣Ǵ֮׵رͬǱһĽ٣֮ϵصţҲŭϣ˿ת֮ڵĽʼǱ
һɰھѣ
ͬǿԽʱĳӣڽǿ߶Ǹܵõǿ֮˼Ǵĸоͬһ𲻿淴ǿߣ
ŭȻѾߵһȻǲΣҪ׵ؽﵽԼĿ꣬ҪԼһ죬Ҫеǿߣǽܵ
龳
龳ӵܹʸ񣬱񽫾ǿ߸Ϊǿ࣡
ʱ˵ͬǻһ޴УϵЩȥΪµǴ֮ԼͬǺǳЩΪµĻ߲֮ܣͳͳɽԼڣ
ǷϣµѰ·ɣȻڷƶԣȴǣЩǴ֮˵Ǽ˵Ļ֮ܶԣǵĲ䣡
ɣ
ǷƶԸǴ򵥵İ취ЩµĻ֮Ϊã
ŷΪ飬ֱӵص˶֮Ľ֮ЩſƵӰȻҪԸƣҲֻǸɵۿš
ӰȻڷƵϣ˿鲻ϵ˸âûиЩӰֵĻᣬȻǿҲصһӡԣ̹ȣܹأ
ʱƵ΢΢һĨЦ⡣
ܵõǴڼΪԼǴҪˣΪ˾
վǲԸ⿴ͻƣ·ҲһЦôҲûκôϧͬҲǲ龳ûȻҪԸҲǲܵģΪ
飬ͼࡣ
˾ȻҪԵǴǿ£İ֮£˶֮ƵӦܹ׵ضɹֻʱѡ
һͻƣӲԸ⿴½Ÿ˳ͻƣ
£ʱʱǿʼجģһЩǿ߷׷ԼǴ֮УǲǷƣÿ˶ǿԺɵǴҲģͬʥѧ֮ˡ
ХƵ˵ͻƣ̼Ϊؼǵ࣬ϣ
һͻɣôԣһϢΪһι󣬳ֵĿɶǳԽľڣΪ񽫣
ɶվʥѧŰ֮ǶɽٵˣҲ˵֮УڷΣһжǷģ֪ʱķƾһôĴˡ
ʵɶҲسһĨǾĸֻǿѹȥ


3034 
Ҫ֪ɶϴΪƣ˾ɻûκεϣٶǻָ磬Ǵʱ˿̲ͬˣͬҲȼʵ󣬷ƾʲô
Ȼܹǿߣͬһʱжɽ٣
ǿߵһ㣬Ҫεȵ
ȻĹȥʥѧ֮ڵǿߣԽԽͬļǶͬڵѪһ㣬׷׽ͻƣһʱ֮䣬ʥѧܣһƬ׺һ㣡
ۿһ㣬ɶҲǳХһڵӿ֣Ǽ䣬һǿƴҲҪٶȽͻˣ
һβǻָ򵥣ͬǽͻƣ񽫾ͻƣ
ʱ˿̣ڶ֮ѾǴ׺ˣͬԼڵĹ˶ٴΣÿһμǵ˼ޣȻȫƾתǼֵ
Ǵϵؽ٣Ӱſµ̧Ҫһ㣡
վ޷٣ֺֻٻֶͼѹôҲЦȻϵѪɣɫѪҺϵص䣬֮ȴδֹ
֪ΪΣԺظܵһУÿڽͻƵˣܹ֪һͬҲΪ֪Щ˵Ķɽ٣ֳ˴󲿷ֵ޷еȥԸ
ҲΪˣ²⵽ˣǰڹվ޷磡
Ҳ˵Σܹɾ֮
ʱ䲻ϵعȥδŰɢƲϵ׺֮ÿһεɱ䣡
Ǽ֮Ȼ˶ǱøΪǿ
ƺڵĳ𽥵ѣƿʼ𽥵ƿµѾͬǳʵ
ÿһǴ£ǲܸ˺˵һֽɫâǼ֮£ͬһս׺֮ɱ䣡
ȥ˾žŰʮһ죡
һʱ棬Ƕڷƻǿ߶ԣһǳʱڣ
ʥѧ֮ڣϵǿߴǴ˳ɹȻҲʧܣɹߣȻɱµǿߣʧߣǻһĨٻң׵ɢ䣡
ֵ𺳵ǣһ֮ʥѧ֮ӿֵǿߣ޷ģХƣСε˷׷׵ͻƵ𾳣ɶҲԸسɾ񽫾Ĵڣ
һЩǿߣ׷׵һ磬Ͼʱ壬ػһһЩΪӵֵǿߣ֮£Ƿ׷Լͻƣ
ƣھľžŰʮһ֮ҲԼĶɽ٣
û˶֮Ľ֮£ǳɹصֿһǴ٣ɹؽ龳
ͬʱڶ֮Ľ˺ȴ޷ȫʧƺǷȱʲôӡһֱǴڣҲǷ޷׵飬Ҫý֮ʱȴ֣֪ʱѾʧˡ
⡭Ѿô
վڰ֮Уе㲻֪룬˵ţԼȻ׵ĿԽ
𵽴龳
ƣƺǲ˼һĻ
غһƽȭͷǸܲκεȴܹһּΪĸоǾԼ
飬˼壬ǳѰ˵ľ磬磬ƹأĻڳ
ˣһҲǿԳ꣬һƷǳ
γˣ´֮ʣ͵Ҫֳˣ
ƹһЦ̧ͷ𽥻ָĲ񷣬ҲǺ࣬˵Ĳ٣һԼȡ֮ӣԼֱǿǿ߽нֻԼҲܹö֮Ǵֿ
ȻĻƾԼƺûȥһεǴ
ΣһԲɹˣɾ֮
֮е𽥵ɢҲ𽥵ƽȻƴʱѾǳɾ飬Զ֮İǰ飬ڼת֮˹ȥ
ףƺڵ龳֮󣬻һĪƿأ
ȻͻƣȻҪһˡ
ҲصһԼ壬εǲκε˺ۣ෴ʱһַǳصĸоʥַĸо


3035 طһ
飡
ʱͬһף֮䣬ȻûɢκεϢ˸оһˣͬףƿصС
ңʱҲԶأǴʧѲ²⵽ʱķƣѾǽɹˡ
ϲˣѾɾ顣
ңҲǾȵصûõƾȻܹһεǴǰֵǴΪ֮ɵѣͲõ
߰ɣضһ壬ҲҪصĵط΢΢ҲЦ
֮Ľƣûʧô
ңҲǻͷһۣѯʵĸ֪棬֮ĽδȫʧֽƵ֣ȻǱһ󲿷֣޷ݻ١
Ҳ˵ԯƵˣǱڶ֮
ҪĽƣҪռſ飬ȻĻҲҡҡͷһ㣬˿֣ҲֻǿزƵĲ
Ҫȫشݻ٣Ǽǲܵġ
Ͼ̹ģ龳ܹǽġ
ңĬĬص˵ͷҲǵ̾һƳ˶һķ򣬳˳ʡ
ôǲȥô
Ƴһңжʱǲ²˼
ϾҺǣҳôĿѡңЦΪĴΪһ̹Ĵꡣ
ϾҲǹȥ£Ӧңöһ磬ָڣˡЦЦһǳԭܼ򵥣Ѱĺƽ٣һʵǿǻᣬ˵Ļʧ
ɣҾͲˡңվûйȥԼһأ޷ˣѲǵһˣǴΡ
ûйǿȻԸ⣬ǾˡңΪ״̬Ҳ޷
£Ʊңָ֮£ѸٵŶһķȥҲΪΪӵĿǴһ䣬ԣǳҪ
һķ̣ǿ˶һ壬ʱ꣬ûκεı仯
ڰߣ±˲ٶһע⣬ʱ꣬Щ˷ƣȻӴʱȴԵشɽ֮˳ӭӷơ
ڻˣ꣬ʧꡣ
ӸӦ˷Ƶĳ֣Ҳи̾
û취ܻһЩ鷳¡΢΢
ȻѻˣǲʧİɡԣҲˬһЦһ彫Σɾ˷ƵС
ԸҰѶˡ
ƴӻͳһʯҲǵ˹ȥǶһҪĶ
ӿ˷еһʯ˶ʱǱþ࣬˫ǵ˫ۣҲǻЩâ
ãããȻˣһʯ
ӹһЦɫΪɾǶһȴĶˣֻҪӵʯôɾܹӵ뵱̹µĽƣ
Ҳڼͣڴ˵أ
غһҲ¶ЦݵǰҪĶأ
ӹһЦҲʯ⿪һ䣬Ҫ׼һЩҲЦŵҪ䣬ȻǿԸ㡣
˵仰Ӵһ·ƣҲǲ˲һ¶ɫȻͻˣ
ЦЦ˵ͷûж˵ʲô
񽫾ҲˡҡҡͷҲûж˵ʲôû̫ΪԲȫؿƵΪϡظоõƵΪһ㡣
֪Ѿǳɾ龳ǿߣҲûж˵ʲô
ɡӵ˵ͷתߣƺҪϴηȥɽ
βϣΧĶһ˴ʱԼһ˷ܣ峤ϣƺǿƽϣܹǲٳЩʹࡣ
ˣѰʯ֮ʣûʲôˡ
ȴͻȻʵ
һ㶣ɫùŹĪ֪ʲô
ң˵֪ţҲҡҡͷûˣֻħ
ħ嶼ǰյҲӦûŰ̹û˵ҪɱȴɻصüͷѰ˼ﲻԾ
ƣ˵̫࣬Ҳñ֪һš


3036 ھſ
ڷƸӣϴεɽʱԱûˣֻʣˡ
Ը˰ɣ
Ƴʵ
˵ɸô
ʱӣȴͻȻؿڵ
ɸ΢΢һ£ɸԼѵõȴһֱûɸһֱǴԼڣֻԼǵãԼ½֮ǰɸǳֹһΡ
һΣɸסԼʶǻһĨٻҡ
ھſ飬ɸʲôϵغһ
ɸʵ̹һӵĪͨĵص
ŵھſʲôϵ
üͷƺǸ֮еĴ𰸲һôǣɸ֮ϡ
ɽҪĶǰõɸҲǵص
ɽ
ƵɴԼ۾û뵽ԼҪѰҵĶȻɽ
Լ֮ʣǽһɽ˲ٵĶȻȴǸھſ飬ɽ֮У
غһҲǳһ£֪ɽȥи⣬ƺһֻǽȥһΡ
ֻǶѰ˶ѣӵɸɽĹ򣬶ԣκε塣˵仰֮ƺǲ̬࣬һӱƺľһ㡣
ǰǣ
סˣ±Ƿסӡ
޷й¶̫Ƿɡҡҡ֣û̫⡣
ɫ࣬һӿǸصĴˣھſ䣬ΪķԼԪܵɣΣĴ
ʯһˣݶڵ£кηҡͷЦ
ݶ飬Ļر
ϧˣεźûܹڣȻĻǶһ廹ϣӿЦ
˭ƳĬһ£Ҳʵ
ңһһλţ̹ûг׵ɱֻǰӡ֪ھںηҲεص
ԣҲԶԣ˵ʵңţǸߣңйԸĴڣκˣǰӣǲ
ţֻûа취ѡҲǰο
ɣڣǶһܹʡءЦЦ
ƳĬһ£Ҳ̽Եʵ˵ڶһЩǵңһɵôԣǶӦúŶԡ
ޣҡҡͷ̾һⲻĴǸʱΨһøǿöһøӵǿĳǺõģֻǰ;ħѡ
ĬĬ˵֪ⷬңȻܹľΣǾ͵ǿԼˡ
ˣΣҲ̧ͷŷʵ
Ҵ磬Ѱҵھſ顣Ȼ֪ɽ֮УôҲ֪ԼҪʲôˡ
Ǹطûɸûа취ٶȽȥģϧҵޣ޷֪ࡣҲΪΣ֪ô࣬Ҳļˡ
лˣɸҲġҲЦЦȻû˵ȴ͸¶ǿš
ãϣպ󶫼һʲôҪæĻæȻҲǿ˷ƲѰˣܹõϿɵˣֻǼ򵥵ȥ
˵պ󶫼һʲô֮ʣܹѰҷƱӡ
ƣҸæӦɡʱһֱĬ˵ңȷʵͻȻؿڵڷƵԺлš
Ʋۺۼص˵ͷҲǶӵǰպҪʥѧѰҼɡ
ݴСҲǲվҪŷ񣬵ǷȴǷסˣЦҡҡͷתߡ
ĿŷƵıӰȥҲǵ̾һƺڻʲôһң겻Ҳ緢ôϧ˷ǡ
Ĳô
뿪˶һ壬վڰ֮У·ĶһҲʵ
ҪˣǹĺܺãҪ֪ҵĴڣղлл㡣ңʱҲǻһӰֶ
΢΢Ҳû˵ʲôһԶһҲûؼˡ


3037 ط
뿪˶һ֮󣬷ûκεӣҲֱӵطʥѧһ·ϣ֮Ѿµؿʼ˸Ե
ǰһƽ٣Ѿ𽥵Щ˵ļ֮еȥΨһǿߣŻǼħ嶯һƽ٣ǲٵԼǰ½
һ·ϣƿѰ˵ûж仯Ҳһ·ϴ˲飬壬ͷʵѾ϶ΪһˣΪ̡ͨ
ԣȻǺ£ͷֵĻȻܹƽදң鷳
Ʋûй綺ѡֱӵطذ½ڽ½֮ʣҲΪ죬ĸ֪У½ƺǶ˷ǳ֮ǿϢ
Ҳˡ
ϴεĶɽ٣ð½Ĳǿ߶ǳԼһδǴǿеس˹ҲǸ½ǿߵһᡣ
ֱʥѧȥΪǵ龳һ·ϣϢȫޣͬѰһ㣬Ȼ𾳵ǿҲ޷õĴڣǰһתš
ʥѧǰ໤Ѳ߲ϵ߶ţǰ½ΪĵطۼǿߣȻҲǱɭࡣ
ʦ֣ˣȥϢɡ
ʱһǿߣƺҲڽйӣ˵ЦȴûиоȻϢߴ
ףʦ֣ûиоղ˾
һ̧ͷ¶һȻɫڸոյһ˲䣬ȴǸһĨĸоͷһȴǿκζ
ʲôأǲ̫ˡһҲǹһЦȴǲΪȻǶԣʵ˭ܹ֪ǰʧ
Ȼʱȴһ·ֱУ֮ûκ˲Ĵڣʥѧ֮ȴͻȻͣЦЦ
ǼкܴĽȻǲˡЦҲֹͣǰƺڵȴ˭ĵ
֮󣬷ڵĵطȴͻȻƷҲȻس˷Ƶı
Ǻηʥʥѧкεȹɣ
ȻǷХƣͻ֮Ϊ񽫾ղűڱչأȴǼ¶һ£ԾҲǲ׽˷ƵϢ
ȻûϳǷơ
ХһĻκɶһ˶ǽüͷŷƵıӰܹϢǱʥѧ²Ѱǿߣֻǲ֪Ƿ߲ơ
Ҷϲô
ˬʵһЦҲתЦеؿˣⲻ֪ȴһ㶣ǲûϳơ
Դӽ龳֮󣬷˶ǲ˷ǳ޴ı仯˵ǰȫһҲΪʲôХƵ˵һʱ޷ϳ
ϤòҲǾϲ
ڻˣ
СξϲؽѾˣǿƣȴͬǸСŮ
ХҡҡͷЦЦȻԼĸףԼȴûܹһʱϳҲȷǹԶԵġ

ɶ֪˫ѾǲâˣȻ֪ǲ׵صģһӵϢʧ꣬ʵ˵Ĳѡ
³֣еĵܹˡ
ȥ֪ͨˡХЦЦҲתȥƹˣɲһС£Ͼܶʥѧκ˶ԣƵĴڣɾһ
ˣˣСһЦŹһСεıӣɵи̾Ůʮ˱䣬СοԽԽе׵ķ緶ˡ
ǲ֪պֻĸܹķˡ
ʧ˺þŶءСҲЦܹٴοƣȻǿޱȣǰеĵǣһӾʧˡ
ϾΪһЩ飬ɼҲεЦЩļˣϿǷ̫ˣϼ縺Ĳֻ˵ϣϣ
ʱ򲢷ҪôôΪ壬һЩҲǱġ
ͺãҿɶǺܹءɶҲǱʾ⣬ΪƵŮ֮һû˱Ϊ˽ϵΣڴˣֻۡ
Ӵɶ̿ǲֹһ˵ҪȥˣȰ˺öءСȴԱŹЦ
һ£Ҳ̾ɶǰ


3038 ɽ
ɶҡҡͷûж˵ʲôû˱Ϊ˽ϵΣ³˸⣬ĵȷҲûа취
ܿ죬ƻعϢǴʥѧȻò˶Ǹо˷ܡ
ʲôҪȥɽ
£ʥѧ֮ڣһؿŷƣڷƻ֮ҲǲصѾǽһɽҲ޷ٶȽȥˣڵΪɽ޷ʲô
˲첢棬ɽΪһ֮ʵÿ궼֮ɽҪԼĻԵȻܹõԵģȷǷǳ١
ҡҡͷЦˣһҪεȻԵֻҪɽѰһ顣
ԣ˷׷¶Ϊɫһ飡ʲô˼Ѿǰ鶼ռˣǲһţ
Ȼռ˰˿飿Ҳ¶֮ɫǶô˾㵵һ£ȻѵãǶԣҲǲɵ֮£ֻûܹ⿪֮еܡ
Ʋһܹ飬ʱǲռе飡
Ƶ˵ͷҲɨһ˵һ飬ұҪȥһɽ
ɽÿֻһνĻᡣüͷȻε֪һɽʱƺûٶȽɽ̼ǵõһνɽ֮µġ
ʱѹȥƳɳ̫ˡ
Ȼͻһ֮ɽܷǽѰңҲǻص
ЦЦҡͷ裬ɽĹ򣬶ҶԣƺûʲôãȻܹٶȽɽ֮СغһҲʲôŻǱûʲô
һǧ꣬ǹȥ꣬Ȼӡ֯ʱȴ֪кζֻҪٶȹȥİ꣬ķӡͻʧ˿ܲǵãȴǷǳһħӰǳûǸط
ȻкܶǿߣһħӰΪΪزѰͨĪ⣬ǰ֯ʲôӡ
ôǱһֱ˰ţȴûд㶯ڷӡĴڣҲ޷롣ҡҡͷ֯ǸطǿǴ⡣
ʱ̵ļӴδϣҲ޷֪淢ʲô飬Ҳ޷֪
ԣĬһ£ҲĥյԣԼѾ龳ܹɽõһĻôʲô飬Ҳõ
Ƿܹ̹ȥ²̫࣬ſܹٻ̹޾Ļ統й̹Ȼá
һϵΣȻͻǼ࣬ǵĻô͵ҪԼȥһ⣬ӡ֯һħӰ
⣡
ڶ֮ĺڰ֮ǴħڣѾǱ׵طˣκħ嶼޷磬ʱħ壬ӡڽ֮ڣȻ޷κεĿ֡
Ψһһ⣬֯ӡ֮ڵǵħӰ
һǧʱ䣬˭Ҳǲ֪澿ᷢʲô飬ڵǿ߲٣һЩǿ߶ܵħӰĻӶħӰָ۷Ļ
Ȼ龳ķƣҲûʮİգ
οһصĵǴڣǾʱԼ龳ӵ޵Ŀԣö˵Ȼʱ̶ԼֻҪлᣬ»ֽԼĨɱ
Ƶ̾һԼҪ׵»Ҫܾð
ɣúʥѧĹÿһʱ䣬ɳһȥɽĥһҲǶŷƵȻԼĴ㣬Ҳǲ˵ʲô
ܹɽȻãʵڽ벻ˣǵʱİ취ھſ龡ص֮˵ʵû˲棬̺֮ܣ̹֮ܳ⣬Ҳûܹ֪
µķƣܹӵǷȱһ飬ƾܹǽľ磬Ƿͬһ㣬˭Ҳ޷Ԥõ
УǾɣ½Ҳƽ£ֻҪǰĸ󻼽Ļǲܹһݰ̾񲻹绹ǰ½ûսңû˻ħȻһʢ̫ƽ


3039 ٹʵ
Ƶʱ䲢࣬·Ҳûйͣڵڶһ磬ҪǰɽһҲֱӵ뿪ˣΪƻϢֻʥѧ֪
ηȥϢûи߸ˡ
¾ʥѧγеһ֮У֪ݵҲֻѡ
һ·ƽ£һֱӵصɽ·ٶٹʵأԼҲǸ֣̾ûйʱֱ̾ӵرѡ˽룡
ԣɽ֮ڴŽƣѽˣǾԲڶεģǴʱȷ˿ûֱܵӵѡط
̤ɽ֮ڵһ˲䣬Ժʱһɽ֮ʲôٻǰȥͬһʱ䣬ƺҲһڴ
ǰδеؾңһֱԼڵɸ
΢΢ر˫ʱɽ֮ڣûпԵȥѰңƾеĪ߹ȥ
غһ֪˶ãǲ֪Լߵķʲôһһ̤ǰ֮еһЩ֮㣬ʱǸŷƣǺܿķ֣Ǹûŷơ
Ƶٶһؿ죬ܿʧǵҰУɽ֮Уڤڤ֮Уƺĳڸǵĸ档
֪ȥ˶ãͣˣ˫ԼѾ±ϣһ
ӿ˵ھſĵط
һ΢شϵҡҷţĪâţȥƺǸΪؾԡ
Ȼʱһֱ˯ɸҲǼؾڴڵİ˿ҲתֳǼ䣬˵ظֳһɹϵ
Ȼʱɽ֮ڵ˶ͬһʱظоȻǼɽǴһʵС
ˡ
Ȼڷ֮ʣһȴǶȻظĶߡ
׽ʶ̧ͷȻʱȴǿ˼ΪһĻâƵ֮ϣȴǻسֳһӰ
ȻһӰȴ÷ǼûκεķһӰȻͬѰһ㣬Ƿȴע⵽ˣӰУȴһѾ޴ĸͷ
ͷжʱǲ²⵽ǰ˾ǺҲеţǼǽ⿪ˡ
̹𣡡
׽һ£Ѿ֪ǰ֮ˣȻеϣûгֻû뵽̹ȻǴɽ֮ڣҾǸ֮ϡ
һ̣ƵɫøΪŹ֣ΪǰӰȫسֳò֮סˣΪǰ֮˵òԼһģһ
⵽ô£
̹ţⲻҹȥһֶѣ߿Ի˵ֻ㡣Ӱص
סǼ˹ΪʲôԼ飬һѾ˵һУ
ҲǾ˵ǵӰصĹȥ㲢ҵδ
µһ仰ȴ÷Ƴ׵Ժˣ˵ţԺ棬ǼҲǸֳ֣ԼɹǴ֮ʣǳֹӰҲһӵࡣ
ҵ˭
˻ƵصǰӰһʱ֮ƺоԼָ֪࣬ʲô֪һжǸգȻһжҪǰӰ͡
ͬ˵㡣
̹𻺻صֱŷƣȻǺһӣû뵽Ȼճɳ֮زվõеӶҶ޷顣
ʲô˼Ƴסʵ
ǰŮ洴Ƭأһֽ֮Ĺ򣬰ΪħĽ٣ҺŮҪΪ֮صĴۡ
ȻǸʱ򣬲һŮ洶ûע⵽ԼһִȻҪ淴ƿƬ硣
̹쳣ؿɬȻȴȻһ֪ϵҪԸΪ֪һԼɳ޷ƿⷽˡ
ȻܿЦʵܵ˲ĥĴˣŮҶǸʱͼǸʱǣѾûκȥԸˡ
ԼһƲл꣬УϵתΪˣͼܹгһգƲлתܹǳɳҵĸ߶ȣκΣһֱûгɹ
ŵʱ򣬷Ǽȫ˹


3040 Դ
׹ˣԼ̹һƽ쳾Ĳл꣬ϵؾ
׼ȷ˵ƵȷƲл꣬ŷƵΪ粻ϵѾ̹ûжĹϵˡ
ֻҪռſ飬ôͻǳΪڶҡ̹˻Ƶص
غһҲһУֻҪռ˵ھſ飬ôܹΪ̹һĴڣ
ھſϣƳʵ
̹ûлش⣬ǼŷƵȷҪھſô
ǵġ
Ƽᶨػشھſ飬ڱصã
õ˵ھſ飬Ҫʲô̹ʵ
Ҫ½µعҪħ糹׵ʧ統УƼᶨصԩȷˣľǣҪµ䵽һľ⣡
̹Ĭãղ̾һþò˵Ҳûм׷ʣǰ̹ȻһӰҲӵĴڣ
Ȼ龳ǿˣ̹ԴһĶ֣
ھſ̹Уƣֻ̹һ֮䡣
ʵֻҪõ˵ھſ飬ôֱܹӵسΪƬصףҲ޷棬µعµ̹𻺻صŷơ
΢΢صɴ۾ƺе㳬ϣֻҪΪ̹ǵȼǿߣͻֱӵصµĹ
ħ֮£ڵ磬ȴĳطħ֮⣬ħǲܻٶȽƬλ档̹𻺻صɽУ֮ȴ˿
Ҷ߾ȫһУҲ΢΢صͷϿҵص
ҲҪȥ
ƶ̹شȴе㲻ɷϣȻҪ
ǰˣΪܹħ֮ˣͻá̹˻Ƶصô꣬ĬĬع۲죬Ҳ׹Ϊħһ֮䡣
ıΪƣûκ˽ħǲֵģһĲ֮ħħ
µĵˣԼġ
޷ҡĵġ
̹𻺻ص򣬵겻Ůʥ뷨ˣԼ˼룬Ȼа֮ѡԼ֮¡
նеħҲ޷ȷƽͣ
һ㣬̹ǧѾҪƽͣҪ˶޶ûжȻҲʲôħ֡
ƣȻһжòͬ
ȻҪһ㣬ɲף̹ûа
̵壬ƣֹܹħôƺص
ûӵеȷǿƽϢһУĵˣħԼġ
̹𻺻صҲһЦˣ˵ôķϻպΪƬصףҪΣȫƾһ֮䡣
˵̹֮ӰȻرɫ΢䣬ɵǾʵǰҪʲô
֮ͬڣƣҪסھſ鸳㣬ҪеӦеΣδΣȫǿһ֮䡣
Ǽ䣬̹Ӱ׵ʧˣȻֻһŵɫͣš
űǵھſ飡
飬ûκεֱͣӵû˷Ƶ֮ڣһ˲䣬ֱӵ˶Ǳһ貵âҫɽ
ͬʱ磬ǰ½˶Ӧ̧ͷ˲񷣬¶𾪵ɫ
ͬŭһ㣡
ƵȻɽУǼ䣬ȴǱ鲼֮磬˰½Ƕ֮ʱͬһף
֮£һУĬĬﲻʵʱھſ飬Ѿ𽥵سΪ֮ףȻǻᱻӶ÷ƳɾȫµĹ
һ㣬ûйᣬΪ֪µĹĵֱӵʧʱµĹƿأ
󣬷Ƹǿ֯ĵطȷһͷħŻǷȴ̹Ļħġ
ûħҲ˼һؼӹ˴˵صķӡڵӣķӡͲʧֻҪӡʧôħͲٶȳ֡
۰꣬ǧ꣬Ĵ֮͵Ժɸϣǰ磬ѾǾزͬԣѾףⷽĹƶ


3041 
䡭
µĹ򼴽֮ʣһͨصըȻ쳹˶ѡ
̧ͷǿڲ֮ϣһ˫ͨһƬӣֱ
ＫΪӴһ˫գһ˫ᣬգ֪ȥ˶Զ
ô֮ϣõֲ̿ѣ޸ѳ£ڳʥһ㡣
ֻзһˣĿֱ֣Ӿ¹ĳ֮ͣڣ粣㾡顣

üͷ΢΢һ˸˸ϳ
ӹ͵ģĴ֮һġ
˫ӣƺȻ̹һϯ
ֻĵһ֮䣡
̹ţι쳹أõʧȥɫ
ǣ
ͻĿһɨǿ֮ϣһֳӰڡ
ʣǺɣ
عƿȨġ
Ů洺ڣƿڣ׾
ֻأ˴ΣҲȥɣ
ڣ֮عѣصĴƣѹ

һȣͷɸֳֿ츫ʲõ
һصĴսʽͿ̿鰧ȥ磬Ԩһ
ˣǹڵûа㷴֮ġ
ǹ֮ս˭Ҳ޷룬һ˿ನκ𾳵˻Ϊٻң
ڱ硣
һеķżȴҲ޿κΣĺ£ҲǱƵˣ·硣
ͻȻʱһ˵ؼ䣬Ϊ֮ᡣ
λɫ䡣
Ů洣
ǵĿ⣬ԿʥѧڣâһƬһĪϢɢΧݻٵȻڴʱѸٸա
ţһʥٻӰ֣Ļ֣Χ価١

ӿֳһĨµĴ㵡
ʥӰȻǡ
ʱ˴ӵһμĵεΡ
ΪƣȼˣرԹ޻ڡ
ԭȻŮ洹ת
ӰδʯѾѹʱѹ
Ĵ룬սΪңعǻҲ磬Ҳ˶飬׹壬أһƬȶ״̬ƺʱܻ
סְɣ
ᣬ̿鰧
ػػ磬ٿأ޺õ
䡭
뿪츫һײУһƬ縡֣ڶ㣬һУΪ硣
Ըڻ棬ó
ƿѳɣ˫أʱһĪƣɢ޷Ŵ󣬷ء
ΪΪۣһУ
̹壬̹ٵ֮ʱ̬ںһ
֮ѹ統С
ҽڻ磬𣬽ұΣڣŭ
ڻҪ

ƿڣɽУԥģ㽫ڻ֮ϡ
ˡ
ζէ֣ܣ֮ޡ

ҪѳȴѾΪʱ׵ʧ䡣
粻ֻһ΢΢䣬Ȼ
ƶɣ
˹Ż谵䣬ٴδᡣ
š
Ƶ˵ͷĿľһպޡɣͨǿ
ǰ䣬ʵΪȭͷ󣬱㲻ҪǿȡᱻΪоԲŵңƶ񲻷֡
Ϊ
ΪֻеͨˣƿصӵǿˣǿŻȥˡ
Ļ︴գǣдˣȴ֣ڰ룬ؼ䣬ոµĹӡ˵ԺС
˺һλ񡭡ƣ
ԼڵɲݣƲлָ˹
ʣǻˮϡ
ӴԺ󣬷ƱһȺޣѧУûû
걾
==========================================================================================
վС˵Уȫ-Уȫ-У޴TXTС˵أhttp://www.freexiaoshuo.com/
==========================================================================================