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ݼ飺
̽£еĶƣϳʥ֮·


1 ϻͯ


1 ϻͯ
Ϊʲô
ɽһǣһ꣬һȭݺݵĺڱҶ֮ϣ
ı飬Եòʺͷ߿
ȻӰȽ͵˫֮Уȴһɣĸо
ۣСȭͷڱҶϣûʲôС
෴ȭͷȴΪҶײʺٺۣΪͣӶһЩĵط
ҲģҲġ
䣡
һȭһȭ겻ϵԼȭͷҶɡ
Ȼ˫ȭΪײҶɣ𣬾ҵʹĴ̼ĵʱǷϵߵҶɵԱߣһΡ
Ŭʮ꣬ʮΪ񶼳ΪλӰ
ЦһֱϲԸԼһЦ
ֻЦ̫ˣûа취ܡ
ɽλĴ½ܵ۹ǡ
ȻɽǳĴ󣬾˵ᴩ½ûһ֪ɽжô
ܵ۹һƵǿ
ȫʮˣ˶˲һսְҵʦ
һʦ
ţ䣬ţʮСˣʮΪͬһľǿߡȥʮ꣬ѾƾԼ츳Ϊ˶ܵ۹һ֣ݺ۹ǻʵۼҲҪͷ
ǾһǰԼѵѣһɽ֮бȽյأħѰҴ˵ͳһĴ½㲻Ĵ۵ĴкϹ
һˣǧգѰҵĴ۵Ĵб⡣
ڱ֮У˸Եõ˲ٵԼһЩϵĹЩôֻҪڸʱ䣬һͻڵľ磬ȵվĴ½ߵ۷壬Ĵʱҫ
ȻʱõһͭƬͭƬĸ֣˵سǧһǴһͿԳΪ֮ǿˡˣʱԴ̰Ϣʱһ֡
һսذµߵ
кüΣһɥ֡һ¥˴սٻغ֮ѾռϷ硣
ִսʮغϣ׼ͽһһɱʱȴԼĵλãһɺߡ
߽ĵʱ֣ԼΪʼ½
ȻˣȴץסʱԼĹʱ͹˷֣ϡ
վͬһ߶ȵʦ߱ƻԲһ˿Գܵġ֮ܵöԷӴܡ
ƾһ׼ӻԼɽţո˦ͽ͸оԼͷһڣȻ˹ȥ
ٴѵʱȴֱ̬ԵȻ֪ԼûдԽû
Ϊ˯ǰʲôλãھʲôλá
·ӣЬӣһһǻ˯ǰһסȻ·ѾԵе㲻ˡ
ϻͯ
ΨһԽĿǰ״Ĵ𰸡
ǾΪʲôԼ᷵ϻͯҲ
²⣬ԼӣǸйϵ

ΪҲԪһ졣
֪ʦ磬ŷΪԪ侳侳ʥ侳˵Ĵۻŵʱ򣬴½ޱ޼ʣֱΪʥ侳ûлᣬԽʥ侳ͱڵˡ
ÿһ磬Էֳɾ졣
Ԫ죬ֱǣԪԪԪԪԪԪԪԪԪ
ֻԪһԪΪСϧ
뵱ʴϻۣ꿪ʼֻ£Ԫһ졣
ѾʮˣΪȴʱġ
뵽˿ЦҲûı﷽ʽ
ܵĻϣϿһΣһʲôȥˡ
Ȼʵʵһʵɣ˷ѹ
ԪͶǬĿռУóǸ̡ͭƬȻϸ۲
ԼǼͽԴڴΪǧ֮һֻҪѧᣬôԽڵľ磬ǰ϶ˡ
ͭƬܹӣ򵥣ûʲôͼģȴԼһ־ıĳϢӦúܾԶˡ
иоһǿϢȴûа취ͷų
ʱֱΪײҶɣ˿ڣмص˿ڣԾѪ͸
ͭƬʱѪҲ˳ƣͭƬ֮ϡ
ৣ
ѪͭƬϵ˲䣬ͭƬһ⣬ٳΪûеôȫܡΪֻԪһ죬˸޷ܣֻĿͭƬԼ


2 
һ룬롭
Ҳ֪˶룬Լһ㶼ʹ
һԼϣƺû˺ۡ
һ£ǸղŵĳȷʵˣҲ˵ǸŴͭƬԼʧˡһ£֮УǾѡ
ʮ꣬Ҳû
˴ˣƽһᣬԪʶ棬ʼԼѰͭƬټ
ȻͭƬʶתɢһַЩַУ̺ޱߵĺϢ
۲һᣬͭƬûı仯΢һ¡Ԫһ߳ŵһ߹۲;ľ
Ĺ۲죬Լľͼ⣬ˣҪ̺ͿΪȥΪѾﵽһ۷壬Ĺؿȫͨˡ˵ȹȥ츳ҪٶҲҪ
ȻʱԪ񣬷ԼĵѾһƬڡԵΪģγһƣϵת޴
ڵϷһԪЩԪ棬˾ͽ񡭡ͽϢ
һ۵Ԫ
ֻû뵽ЩԪȻһԼĵϷͽԪԼĵγԵһһգʱάһ΢ƽ⣬˭Ҳκβ˭
Ԫ΢һ㵤ͷо˺ĻԪҲ뵤ˡ
Ԫ̬һԼĶͷȻ뿪˵λã»صʶ档
ٴ̴ֵͭƬһЩϸ΢ĸı䡣
ͭƬ֮ϵġĸ֣ƺõĳֶ˻һ⡣
ĸַֿûʲôĵطǽǷһ𣬾ͻһĸо
һĸ֣оԼԺ֮Уһ仰죬ɵأΨҴ
Ե
ȻǴ˵еǧ֮һֻǼ򵥵ܸ٣˿µϢȥֱ֮
뵽˾˷
һ켶;Կݺ£ΨҶ
˵һΣȻΪӶ˺ͽΪܵõһ켶ĹҲﳬֵ
֮һվ۷塣
ܸٹԺ棬ִҪ㡣
˵سʱֻһԪ
Ǹʱ򣬻ûֲ࣬ޡԪһġݻ޾Ԫ
Ҳ˵ʵԪ仯ġ
͸һϹ֮󣬾Ϳ֮κԪΪá
ԭǧǸһλ֮ϵľҪʮѡĴĵ伮ءǧÿһһһΣÿһֵֻһ
ڵ˷ܣΪľȫﵽҪ
մҪһתķ
һתʱؾ䡣
ΪģΧԪʱɵǹ⣬ĳӿȥ
Ƭ̣ΧԪͽ
ٶȣֱǹȥʮ
ͬʱԼתʱ򣬵תٶȸ죬ԼԪҲԽ졣
Ͼ⼸ͽԪԼ棬ʼնһ
ǵԪΪֶΪأ
ڴܵӵĸȤ
մܸ˵ĵΪⲹȱݡΪ࣬
ޣֲ඼ԪĻ
ôǷޣֲϵԪأ
뵽һʵʵˡ
Ǭ棬ȡһȻŲԶһҶȥ
Ҷֻһֲĵֿһ£漴ͱеϡ
ûͣæűԼҶʩչ˴
Ȼڴ֮£ǸҶĲ棬ӿһԪԪ֮ҶѸٿήȥ
׵֤֮е뷨
ˢˢ
һ˼ҶڵԪϵıǡ
ٶȣԭشٶȣҪ
һᣬΧҶȫ⣬漴ˣԶǻһƷޡ


3 
ҿһҶȻΪ˲١
Ҳһ飬ǾҶֲ
մļأصһԪֳݡֲֻռɣռɣռɡ
Ҳ˵ֲ̺ԪٵģֲԪڼͻƣָΪ˵ֵԼƴ
ȥɱޡ
Ϊޣ̺ʮ֮Ԫ˵ǣĿǰԼЧġ
ֻһͷһƷޡ
Ĵ½еиԵĵȼޣҲֳȼƷ޷ֱӦԪ졣֮ϣʥÿһƷףֳɾŸСƷһʮƷס
һƷޣֻʳͼޡ
Ŀǰ˵һƷ޻ǺսԵġ
ΧһƷޣͣת֮󣬲ѰҵһᣬһӳȥһƷڵϣȻ󿳵ֱĲ֮ϡĲ壬̷ֳ֡
ಣ
һ൱ԪʩչգԼ档
ȻڲԪԶԶҶ
Ǿδ飬ǨҲò˷
˵һôеڶ
˷һᣬȥնɱڶĿȥˡ
ʮ֮ٶնɱһͷ
ЯӴԪ˲佫ΪԪ졣
߸Сʱֻ߸СʱʹԪһ죬Ԫ죬ٶȣʵֲ̫ˡ
ɱȥͺˣ
ΧֲΧ߳ٻޣĿ֮гɱ¾
ָһͷݵһƷޣҪȥɱΧĹľ֮УһŲ֮
ʦ֣һǵʦڵóԸΪ˵һϣֵǺú°
ߣֻǴϣʲôֵףġһ죬ʦ˼ңƽʱ򣬲Ǹôףʱ򡣡
ԣʦ˵̫ˡ
Ǹϣɥ𣿡
Ҳʦ˼˵ɥôͲм١
ɽֱͲĵطޣһСģͿɥ˵ϵʬ壬ǻҵõ𣿡
ҲôҲҪҡ
ǣʦ֡
ɽŵĵӣ
׼ɱ˵ĶԻʱ˼֡
׼ܿϾڻԼ¶ʱ
ĳ֮ľʵ̫ˣһתͱɽŵӿˡ
ǸɽŵʦֵĿһ˲кһ
Χĸʦܣ˲佫Χġ
Ǹʦֺ֣ĵɽΧȻܳһԪСʦ̫ѵˡ
СӼֱԲھɽ֮ڣ޾ǿ޲С˽οԪС
ԣСһ򲻿ܽɽ
УھɽѾɽŰˣЩС뿪ɽ
ŶĻӦһŤͷתҪȥ
ǵıӰɽŵʦֶʱ۾һȵСӣվס
ʲô£
ںη˭
ʦԭ棬ʦۣҲǱԼ֮һۣɽŵĶϣԼʦܡ
Ƕϱİ˸¶֮һ˸¶ƣ
˵棬Ǳĵ֮һ
ӽɽѰټʱ򣬱۾͸һֱ۵ټô֪ͨҰѰһᣬɱ
ڱ˵ܵϮܽҲΪҲҪʮſԻָԼĵӣȫöҩֶ֮Σɱ
һתĮĵ򣬹ׯѧǼҴѧ
ׯ涢Ŀһᣬʲôˣ
ʶ
˼Ƭ̣ҡҡͷش
ʵϹ꣬ʶΪҲɽŵĵӣǹׯĴˡ
Ļش𣬱滹Ǻġ
Ϊ˰ȫԼĵӣʩչһɫ
ӶʱͷȻһЦ߹ȥֱӸһš
һţһʵˣôһܲˣϾڵΪûлָԷڵԼĸΡ
أ
ƾԼľ飬һȻԷѸٳźȥ
ɽǹׯ˿Գġ
һ壬߳ɫҲǰ֡
ߣϽӹӾɱ
˱ӵһ̵Ȼתžɽȥ


4 
ű˵ıӰ֮΢һ㡣
۵ļɶӣʶ̫ͨáʣ⼸ɶ֮УȽϲһڱ۵ӣִˡ˵ĽȻǺܿ죬ͣԪ죬޷ǰһ
¸ղű潫ԼϳôԼ֮ˡ
ԼˣòҲøӿ㡣ɣڵգǲԼϾȥԼҲûô˧
ҲΪİգԱûпǰʮˣһֱѰҵĿꡣ
ñ֪Լ֪ǷѪ
Ҷ˱̽ѯҲһ顣Ȼȥһ£Ǳ۵ˣûзԼ׷ɱ
µĵӣѰҿ˵ټҰɱ֡Լûлָ£ͻԭеľ磬ôԼصɽţȥǸҲ޼¡
뵽ͺ޵ֱҧ
ۣǵһ
ҵţһᾡָΪնͷ­
ʮ꣬꣬Ҿͻţս
Ŀ˲üᶨ漴뿪
ûаձ˵Ҫ뿪ɽǽ˾ɽһȽϰСɽ塣
ɽ壬ɽ֮һƷƷޡ
ɽ壬Ҫࡣ
Ȼոս壬ͷһֻ߰ߵһƷ޲ͬϲʳ⣬ϲɱ¾С
ͨ࣬ЩһȺС˵ǿʱ򣬶ʱһ۾ֱð⡣
ȻԷԼɱ
һ˫¶ɱģôҲͲˡ
е˲Լֱ֮ϡȻɨһԲȻ˲䳯ȥ
ȻڵΪֻԪ졣
ܣûΪΪĵ䣬Լȥ˹ȥЩɿʩչ
ֻһЩǿҪǿԪΪ֧š
ʩչԪֻ֧ʩչһЩʲôʲô罣Ƶ֮ġ
ȺƵѵѡ
˿Ƶ˲ʩչ
ޣرǵƷޣǵܵ£սǵɱͷ
һһͨƵʩչʱһֻһֻ󱻿
һ֮ڵԪϷľֵһӿڡΪҲĲǡ

һʮ죡
ûûҹɱ¾
壬ɱ¾ڲ
һʼʱΧޣȺӵģҪҪ̽ӡ
ȻһͷƷ۷ɱ
ʱ嶼ˣ޿ʱ򣬵һӦǾ£ڶӦܡ
Ūɱ˼Сʱץסͷɱ
ʮʱ䣬ҲΪԪΪ
ٶȿģֱ֡
ԪΪ˵ȥô
ɱһֻԼõ
ȻѦµ׼뿪塣
ڴʱͻȻɹһɫӰӡ
һȻɽŵĵӡ
ˣǱ֮һ
ʱˣѾأƺʲôսʤĵ֡

˾ҴϢһᣬϾԪĸ֣ʶ̶ȣѾ̽Χʮ׷Χ֮ڵ
ԵʱĿɨ˹
ʱ۾һСӣ˵ûиᣬֻҪһæһ͵ɽţôԸټ㣬ɽţΪһۡ
ɽţĴ½ĺš
ڵʱȻɽţûгƵһΪµһ֣ۺʵѾɡ
ΧңȨ󣬶ԼɽţΪɽŵˣΪҫ
Ҫֻͨҵӣ顣
ô£ѡӦ
ϾᣬôҪɽţֻܵȵһһȣɽţյӵʱˡ
һٻҪ£Ҫǳϸûк̨ʵͨˣ޷ɽš
ֻϧܲңΪ
ʮţֻҪԼҪصɽţôԺɵļɽţȥʲôۡ
װ˷ܣԷ
һʱеĴ󵶣ֱӻһ硣
ͷڵϡ
ףΪʲôԣ˾޴ջ󣬶Լջ󣬷ٵԼɱ
ɱɽӣõŷһ
ʦҵȷ֮ټڡ


5 ɾ
ȻŷǷԼ׹ʱĵص㡣
ǲûз֣Լ١
ǲŻᣬǰɽţͽš
ֻϧŵˣмĳЩǿޣˣӶץס˻ᣬһˡ
˺٣¸һ£ڵԪ
ڸղţɱɽŵӵʱϰԵʩչ˴õĴ𰸣ϲüҡ
ǿԪֱӽΪԪڡ
Ȼ֮׵࣬Ԫۺ
Ȼһʱɱ¾Ҳеİءޣֲֻ࣬ҪΪԽô̺ԪҲԽǿԷɱʱ򣬴ӶԷڻõԪҲԽࡣ
ɱһԪˣ͸ԼۺԪôɱ˸߾ˣ֪õԪ
ȻԪҲһ˳ģΪҪԪҲԽԽ࣬ЧҲ𽥽͡
ץסÿһοԪĻᡣ
һۣѾ͸͸ɽŵӡ
ɿݵϣͳһƿԪĴ½ԭʼĵҩ̺ԪÿһʦʱرĶ
ƿӿһۣ滹š
ֱӴУһţúԼ
ڱ˵õҩΪôǷǳصġֻϧ˵Ѿﵽһ㣬ԼٶĵҩҲγɹӰԼڵԪС
֮һ·Ȼеָʾһűڵĵطȥ
뿪壬һСʱŸϵڵĵط
Ϊ˰ȫûóóȻĳȥǽΧɽߺܵƣϵŲת۲챱˵١
һ֦ĺ棬һ۱˵λãȻȵˣ⼸˷ֳɺüݣȻһѲһ棬һ͸Լṩ͵ϮһһɱĿܡ
˳Ŀ⣬Ŀ˱֮⣬ļˣֱСѰԼټ
һҶԪˣϣԶλá
һλãаˣΪԼֵһѾ롣еѦµһ齣
ͬһʱ䣬÷齣飬ʩչһ罣
µˣҲԪ۷ΪԼĲ಻
ûע⵽ˣһר־ܵʱֵ֣ʱһжѾˡ
罣Ѿɾ罣
ȻֻŵĻǶҶԪ˵ҲҪĽûκηӦͱһ֮ϴ̴˽ȥ
һ˲䣬ҶԪʧȥԪΪһ߸ʬ
Ȼǧ֮һʩչ֮ʵе㲻˵һħĹ
ħôΣ
ȥһֻ֪ϺˣԼֵܺݺһϻͯ͵ڻһݻȥôԲԸ·ɱԲ飬Ǳ˶ΪħͷҲҪб۵˵׼

ɱҶԪ壬ת
һᣬһɽŵӵߡһΣǴɾ罣һɨʹͬԪΪɽŵӡ
ԼΪ˲١
ʮǰһԬɽѰλø
һΣʩչ罣뻹û֣ˣһ漴ԬɽڵλãʩչһڵĿƵ
Ԭɽ壬ƴĳǰ汼ȥ
ԪΪλһɱĿꡣСӣȻ
νǿԹ۲ΧԪ̬
ֻҪ֪Χ֮ڣΪǳ̫£ԱܵԪ̬ӶжϳԪ֮еĵˡ
Ȼʩչ罣ʱ򣬵ڵԪ˱Էˡ
ȻѾ䣬ҲټֱͣӶԬɽͺֻһС磬治Ԭɽ
ټԬɽѾʧȥȻԴ©ٳƴأҲֻǿ֧š
ڲԶ棬ٻҪһʱ䣬ʱ䣬㹻жද
ɵ罣
Ԭɽһ߷һ߲ϵıɫ
ýʩչɿ絶
찡Ǿڤȷ
ǡɵڤȭ
ԬɽױɵˣûмһֻԪˣȻôͨÿһ۷塣
ʲôˣɱɽŵĵӣ
ԶһȣȻѾˡ
һֱʩչһ״ɾĲԪֱӽǱԬɽڵıҶɵڡ


6 
һУûлš
սףκ鶼Ӧ侲ԣŲֲ
οղŵս뱱ڵλãһξġ
ָ棬֪ʣΪҲϼѣٶȷ棬Ƿȱĺ
ݵģһɴ
Լ沿ϣһЩα֤Ȼ˲ȥ

ʮʦܡ
ģ˭˭ɱ㣿

ֹһᣬɽ嶼𶯣Ϊ泹ʧȥ˳̬
ĸʦܣɽѰټ
ԼԼ뿪Сʦ֮⣬˶Ȼ֪ǸСʦܣҲҵ˵Ļһӵıʹ
˭ҶҪ㾾Ȼ
ŭˣô֮ڵһЩ֮ӣû˿޼ɵɱˡ
侲Ƭ̣ϸһʮʦܵʬ塣
һᣬʮʦܵϣѳһľ塣ľһС֣ǵĸҲҸĿʼҵŰɣ
ּᡣ
ÿһ֣͸©һɾ
ֻǿһۣ͸о·ڶԼһ
кȻ۷ʱڵΪǼ¡ǸʱҪֱ͸һɡ
飡
Ĳͣһᣬ沢ûзټ΢İһ㡣
ʦ˵ˣ
ʦ˵ڵƣ㲻ҲҪʮꡣ
ʦ˵Ӧöչأûпܳɱˡ

ʦ˵ñģ΢һ㡣
ʦܵҲУһ㺮̴һѶ̻Ȼֱӳյš
ȼŵѶ̻֮Χɽ壬ͣҫǷɿĳűڵλø
Ҳʮӵʱ䣬ڵλãѾ½߰˸СӣƽÿСӣһˣһʮˡ
ɴˣӶˣôҲͻָ
ĶǣһֱĴͳԶ޷ı䡣˼֮󣬼黥̭ˡ
أ
ҿһˣЩϺз̫
һ˿ɱϵĶ顣
治ףʦΪʲôҪĸҲɽ֮С
ڲȻкܸߣǵΪǿǰģ˾ܵ˵ż
һ֮ԣõʦĿ϶ɽΪԴתܹʦִһЩҪ飬ҵ֮԰¶ֻ߱õӵֶΣ
ֻϧЩܷȥֻܱ
Һʱϴһƿ֮һˣ֮¡
۵ĵܵܡҲɽŵһϣӵ侳ΪԺɫµĵӣǺܺá
ɽŵʱ򣬾Ѿţȳ
֮ĹϵʮֵĻԼץסôһûкùӳԡ
һ̾Ϳ˱档
Ϊ򣬾ġ˱üͷô£ΪʲôҪȼѶ̻
Ը̹Ļشʦ壬ղС֮еӣΧѲӵʱȫɱˡ
ڵʱλãţļʦܣǱɱ
԰գ潫Լѵ֤ݣǸ̵ľƣȫݸ
֮󣬱һּ
һʱ䣬е˶ˡ
ΪܸˣǱһϵĵӡףԼһ˽ɽ
ӦúأΪ䵽ֻԪӡɫ͸ոո귿һĵŶһ̿ʼ̷Χɽ壬ΧפصĵӣעԪҵʦһôɱԲ顣
ʦɽ֮УвΧҵĵӡ
ߣЩСңҪɽŶɱǸˣûʲô⡣ӻִϱĻȻһ˵֪ͨһ´ϣһ׼
ˣʦһСʦ˸ʦţ֪ںεأ濴һȦûзŵСʦܣʱġ
ţ
ûյż
ˣСʦҲȥˡͺһǸľдţĸҲ˵ѾɱĸԼˡ
Ҹ㲻졭
Χɽ֮Уǻص


7 ӥצ
Ҹ㲻졭
ĺԶԶԶҲ
죬ӱ۱ԼϵһɱԼʱһϵѾԼǲĳˡ
ʵ֮ԣĿŵĻɱɽŵĵӡ
Ҫһԭ򣬾ҪˣȫƭԼһԣ۲һɽŵ˽һ±۵
һص㣬ҪԪҪԼΪøϲýҪɽյӵӡ
չȥɽյӵĹ涨ҪԪΪſԼɽţΪŵӣһҪ鿴ʡ
ſԳΪŵӣ侳֮󣬾ͿԳΪӢӡ
ЩΪ֮µĵӣʵ۵ӡ
ȻһЩк̨ˣҲԼ飬ԼĺǰŪŵӡ
ڵΪݣҪɽţôֻһ·չʾһ¹˵츳Ϊɽŵŵӡ
ۺŵӣķۡ
Ҳ˵Ԫ죬ſлᣬš

۵
һʬڵϡ
һƣģڵϣĴϢš
һΣ˾ۻ֮Ѿȥʮҵʱ䡣
ʮһߵɱޣԼΪһѰһᣬɽŵĵնɱ
ڸղţնɱһԪ۷Ϊĵӡ
˵ʵڵԽսкܴѹ
ľ㹻֧һǿĿѹġȻΪϣԷо޴Ĳࡣ
ҲǿӲ˳նɱ
ԪԪһ漴ڵԪ˲䷭һգ۵ĹһС
ΪѾﵽԪڣǰĿֿ꣬һ󲽡
Ԫ̻ٶȣһһԼָٶҲ˲١һԪ۷ʦԼʤˡ
Ȼո˷һ󣬾Χһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ЦһѾԼ岻ʮ׵λá
룬ԼܣôҲûʤ㣬ΪܵʱϳһЩһɱĻᡣ
һΪǴأֻһͨʦȻһɱɽŵŵӣ̫Ҿˡ
һˣҲǶʮ¡
һ͸һ֣ϵΨҶӡ飬ΪﵽԪı֡
Լ֮ĵһС
Խһսսʤôѹ̫
֮ľΣôѹͻ
ȥΪپҲûгԹԽս
룬⸽ɽ֮⣬ĸֱǹׯţХ³Ǻңԭܼҡ
ҵˣƺڲȡܼѰһᣬ̲ڱԭĻҵţѾ˥䣬Ψׯĵӣûʲô仯ұʦ˵ׯĵӣɣ
ңôأ۾ĶŶԷ
㣬֮ǰ㻹һԪˡһµʱ䣬ΪȻԪ죬ĽٶȣֱͲĴ½һʲôطԼΪ𣿡

ɽţΪµĿؾңôҾͻᱣס㣬顣

ˣҪͷġ
ͦͦţһİͳɫ
Сۣ֪ԼӦ¸ļͷԷԭԼ
Լжô̱Է裿
ͷɶϣѪϲɶ
ôãԼİԼϡ
òˣΪˣҲԼĲϣʺ
罣һʩչ
һʱ֮з衣
罣
꾪ѣ罣ҲֻкڣԶԶûɡϾ磬˺˼һ룬˲仯һӥ
ӥצ
ƷȻҪ߳һΣҲһ¥һʩչצͿԱɽһӲӥצ
ÿһצӣӵпʯ
צɨ˼ǿסԼΡԼĽƺ̫ĵû뵽˵ȻһצһΣûôˡ
ƽһЦһҲû⣬˺ɵĽеĳջԼǬ棬Ȼһɵĵӥצôʩչģҽ̽㣬ʲôӥצɣ


8 նԪ
ӥצ
ɽţһȽҪƷ
ɽţۺŵӣϲõɵָ㡣ֻÿеĽĵãۺŵӣѰͻƿڵĻᡣ
ǳΪŵӣͿлѧϰɽŵΪλԭŵӣҲֻѧϰһЩƷֻһЩ͵ˣſѧϰƷƷ
ţ򵣬ʮꡣ
ƳܼңҲܼΨһһλɽţҳΪŵӵˡ
꣬ɽţʱ䣬ѧƷ
ֱƲӥצԼ֡
ȻΪʲЩҲֻǽ˾ƲֻڣڷӥצҲֻǿǾ
⼸ţ򵷢ԼӥצľѾĵҪ죬ò˶ãԼͿͻˡ
ˣͬһ֮ɽ֮ڣҲûмĶ֡
ţţҲܿ
ڷʱ򣬼һ飬Ψţѡ˶һ·
˭޷赲ԼĽŲ
Ȼǰ˱жϣ֪ѾˣΪ͵Ԫ졣
ûеһˣѰ鷳
㣬һССׯˣȻҲʩչӥצţʮֲмɽţҲûκһĵӣԱȵԼ
Թ֪ˡ
ӥצƷѧ֮еĹǿľѧ֮һ
ʱҲӥצҽ׷ӥצ˼£мطΪǡ޲ƷԿ
һʩչʱΪģһӥ
·һͷϷеӥʱ̶½ϵʱή䣬ҹԼҪɱ
ಣ
壬赽УҲϵת̬һֻӥͬһʱ䣬˫֣Ӳӥצ
ֱץţ򵣬צӥצϣֲǷӥצ֮ϼصʽһĻţºȻ
ţķӦԣڲµƲ˲仯λǿǿһצһצʱоѪڣģôܣķôܴӥצ
ˣҲҵĶ֡
ţ򵱩һƲչҲǼӺ󣬵ţӰ
ͬһʱ䣬ţ򵽫ԼȫĹ˫צ֮ϡţɽŵķӥצһҪȷҰ·ӷӥצҪǿ
ҲΪ̬ţȫ˷ȫԺ
飡
ǼӲӲ˵ţ򵣬ռһϷ磬ϾΪǰأ
ȻҲû٣Ȼе԰ףղŵһ̽ҲԼʤϣ
СӣȻӶ죬ǿʩչƷӦкصĸɡʩչ˼ΣҲļ£ɣ
֣ƺڲӣţڷˡ
Ϊ֪ƷĿ¡
Լ˵ͬһʱֻ֧Ʒ
ҪʩչӥצôȻҪ֡
һԪˣʩչ˼Ʒ壬Ѿ޷֧ĵĳ̶ȡ
һоʤɣ
ã
Լ˫֣Լĺ֮ϡ
ͺȥվڸɽۣ֮²һ˫޾κˡ

£ȻԼĴںΪţŭһ˿ٵıƽͬһʱӥצһʽӥգͷ­ץȥ
һצӣпٵص
СɽһצӵϮ֮£ҲҪķѡ
ĺã
һĻͻȻ
ΪԱȲţ򵡣
Ȼս;飬ţԲԼĶ֡
ʵϸղŵļν֣Լû·磬ֻװĶѡ
ڷӥצģԴΧԪٶȣƷĵǵԪʱģʱͿԲ䡣
һ֮£ţȫ趨õ֮ڣԼΪΪϾͿԽɱˡ

˫ּҵĴһ£ԭѪһļ˲˽ɫҽɫ֮У̺ױȵķֵ
ӥ˺צ
һɫĹâ˷ţ򵹥ȥ
ţʩչ˽֣ôԷûʩչֵ£ȫƾԼڵΪء
ӥѿնͺһţ˷ȫС

ۣ
һţ򵱯һĹ£һѪۡ
ҲģӵԪΪȻһԪķҺòİ


9 ɫŮ
ɱ
ܣ
ɽһɱ¾ĵط
ÿһ죬ظЩ顣
˵Ⲣûʲôɺĵط
ȻɽŵӴ󣬲Ȼ޷赲һЩð͵͵ɽѰϧĿʯ
ĳЩʱ򣬾ǵ۹ҲҪ΢һοɽأ
Դɱţ֮Ѿȥһ¡
ʱΪȫɱɽŵĵӡϾܠţԪĵ׷˵кܴġ
˽ôͻɱϰ
Դ쿪ʼ֮󣬳бʤİգһɽ棬ɱԼԪ
һµʱ䣬ҲΪӵԪڡ
ҪץһͷҪΧȻѰһ뿪ɽ
ո߽ɽ壬ͳɱ
վҶ֮ϣҶ赲סԼӰ˳һ΢ķ϶۲ܵ
һᣬԶɱĵطųһ
ĳ̡
ÿһ壬Լض緽ʽĳ̵Խǳ¼ҵϵźš
ԶɱˣӦǳ¼ҵĺ
ԽǾ˵Զƣɽŵŵӡѧʮ֮뿪ɽţ˵۹
һС𣬽ΪԽǵĳ壬ҲΪԽǵһ塣
˳¼ҵ˺ɽţܲɷֵĹϵ
ΪɽŹȥĴϣҲע¼ң֪Ƕʦܵĸӡ
ڹȥԼô£ʦܲƽӹ¡
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¼ΪǴɽ߳ȥļ壬Ǽ壬ÿ궼һӣɽϰ
ˣǳ¼һҪɽŵĵӡ
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ͣ弸ݣ˲ɱ¾ĺġ
ս֮УһɫŮųĿɨŶޡһͷƷޣ

Ůһɫɴ£ڷƯ·һԵ״̬֮С
Ĺע£Էʩչһ
Ʒһһʮʮɣ춼Ӱӣ׽ȡ
׽ʵ
˿ԷʩչҪȴ˵
ԷѾһˮ׼һˣʹ̳˶Դжϣٽڡ
һַеޡ
ͬʱʩչһĻ֣ôԪˣҲֻ³
ִսˣʮغϣŮϣѾ㺹ա
ǰѣקһԲͲȻһγյš
һȼ
գ֪Լֵʱˡ
ڶԷȫʢʱڳ֣ôԷһ顣
ΨڶԷѾְ䣬ֻ߲֧ʱ򣬲ѳֵʱΡ
һ·λĿϷޡ
ƷޣսһѶȵġ
ƶʱվڵʱ̹עŷľɫŮͻȻ۾һȻصһӵϰ
еĸֱֶֽ
ֽܵĴ̼תҪߡ
ԻʱһҶ֮ϵȻγ絶֮У͵쫷絶ʽ
ֱӳŷĳȥ
һɽơ
û£Ѿ÷η壬ȴ޷Ϣ
꣡
۵
һĳȻǱڵϡ
ԪʦûʸϷСصʱ廹ǲ˲С𶯡ڷһ˳
һʧȥ˳ķͱһ͵ȼƷ޻˴ʧȥ˹ƻ
һھɫŮɫ֮УתƷ޻ߣһٿɨҶս
ɾĿ絶Ǻᷢӵ쾡¡
Ƭ̣͵Լĵ¡
һ۾ɫŮụ̂ϣʩչǽ壬ԼǬ档
ǬɫŮһ
ΪǬͨԪʦ޷֮󣬺Ȼľһ¡
֮󣬾ɫŮָ̻״̬һƽĵҽȣԽǳ¼ңллղų
Ŷ
ɽŵĵӣ𣿡һĿһǣ㲻ܽ絶ɡ


10 ҵ
ǣ
ž޲ϣһı仯ûС
һĻɫŮʧ
ѵһľͷ
ֻһ
ҡҡͷȼǿ絶ɽŵ
̧ۿһۣÿɷĵ˭涨ֻɽţſ絶
ǰ
絶ȻƷȻвټ壬п絶ؼ
Сĵӣѧϰ絶
С壬Ͼûʦָ㣬Ʒ£޷ɵľ硣
κһźףҪеİأôͱºܶܶĿ๤޷еľ
Ҳʮ߰ӣȻԽ絶ɣôûʦָ㣬ܡ
ԷԸ˵ҲǿȶԷϾԷովԼһ
˳˼һ£ʶˣʲô֣

Ȼ½֮˺ܶ࣬Ϊ˰ȫǾ۸һ֡
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ģ
ĻӦһʵȥĵλҪһǬʵ̫ˡ
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ϵǬӵеĿռ䣬ͨǬһٱ
ԷĽһУǬ棬óһԼɻͨǬݸȣ͸ɣ

ȳ׾סˣһǬô͸Լˡ
ȻԼպţǬȱǳ¼ңҲֻ峤ͼϣſʹá
ļʶıһܰ
ллûҪûȥ˼æлһȻǬԼ֮ϡ
Ƭ֮󣬳ȿڳԶĵǸǬôٿأ
΢΢һЦȻǬĲٿطһһһ¡
ȹȻһǴϻ۵ˣֻƬ̵ĹͽǬеİоˡ
ԼİȫǬ档
һУһ֮УһѻԼ°һݡ
ׯݣΪԼնɱʮɽŵĵӣѾʹˡ
ȻľƣԼ̫˽⡣
Ա۵Ը֪ׯնɱһʮˣһᲪȻŭδһʱ䣬ɽ֮ڣׯˣ¶̧ͷˡ
ݣһʦ
ΪԼʹÿ絶ԱһţƵʦֻʦѾڲǰˡ
ʦ֮ǰԼɽţûмɽŵԸ
ŻһˣǰɽţϣʦԸ
˵ȸпѣһµģңôһᱣ㣬ɽš
Ļò£ڳ¼ҵĵλ
ȻӵʱΧһ󼱴ٵĽŲ߰˸ų¼ʦװˣҴҵ߹
һˣһѴ󿳵Сôûʲô˰ɣ
ʮ㣬ȶ
˵ʱ򣬷һɹɵزعͨ
Ԫ죬ſӵе
壬ĺ
ղŵգͺϷһһߵӵ㿴һţһܿĲŶԡ
ȵĻ֮Уɱ
һĻų¼ңһҲȥôڲ֮ĶҲؼʱ̡
СˣСֻһͷˣ
ڻӦһȻתĿĶƵĵʲôˣΪʲô
ԪϢһأݺݵѹϡ
壬ͺܵػһʮ
壬ҵľˡ
С㣬˵λھɽɱ¾Եǿôƽ޹ʵӪ㣿Դ󺺣˫ĵСӣ㵽ʲôĿأӽҼС㣬ٴʵ顣
ֻһʦ
鲻˾ͺһ׵̶ˮ޷͸Ҳʶ㣬Ҳû񣬸ʲô
ǡ
ųȰһƣװȥӡ

մ󺺱ŭֱӳһơ
һƣͺһСɽֱӳͷֶȥ
һ㺮˪絶ҵһУХֱӭϴ󺺵Ĺ
أ

߰˲һڵϣ˲ή˲١
Ԫڣһ絶ɾ磬ȻĻϲ⡣մ󺺴һҪٶȽ
Ȼʱ򣬳ǰһ壬ҵˣȷҪǰɱҵˣ


11 ҡڵ߳ȥ
ҵˣ
һôܵĻش
մԥˣϾǳ¼ҵֱϵֻһϿ͡
ЩڣϿȻܸܺߵĴҲֻǳ䵱һϵȴֵĽɫһжҪԼĺ̨ǷԻסԼ
¼ҵֱϵֻгһˡ
Ҳ˵ֱϵһûж峤λãֲܴŮˣϾû
Χϵ֧ͻԾ
һȺеλǱϵӣϵڰ£¼ҵϿͺˣγһɿԺ
ȻڵļһЩֽţҲֻܰС
Թմ󺺣Ŀ⺮ĿһȻĬȻĵͷ
һԪˣǡ
С㣬峤ҵǰӭȥ
峤˵ˣһʱ䣬еľӢӣҪú׼һ£˵ˣвβȡиˣɽţԴҳ¼ҵӰ
С㣬ҳ¼ҵŮԼȫ

ŹմһǷı飬˼ҿ;ɱģֻûиˡ
Ȼ峤λãûдŮԵ
ȴдݸŮӣϵĺˣòСӦԡ
մ󺺣ȻȻж
ǸУôҲֻͣˡ̾Ϣһ£ȿһģһȥһԼɽš
ųı飬ģǺܴġ
硯֣Ķ棬ǳɬ
ϾԼǣձˣ̬ȴû˿ļ١
Ҳգ
֮֮
ʰһ±顣Ȼĵͷ
ǾͻԽǰɣ
ȺܿģȻк£һ˳žɽĳȥ
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㹻˿ԺĻشŪóѡӳʼԽڱչأȥĵط١
ͼţó˷ܲѡ
Լһʱ֮
һбȣбȵĵƺܶͣбȵм䣬һʱľݡ
ľݵΧĸɽŵĵӣΧ٩ɽ
¼һж飬ʱһ꼶ȽϴɽŵӣǰЦǺǵĵϣضզսȥͳˣѵǳ¼ҵСѾɥ֮ˣ
ߣģҼСһаáضһȻһѴ󵶣ɽŵĵ߹
ȵȡ
Գ¼ɽŵĹϵʵֳϣǲӦüġ
ǸضԸɽŵӣһ۶Ȼôһˣ
ߣҳ¼ҵϿͺܶ࣬һһʲô˵ģ
ضƺԷܲ˳ֱۣӷ
㡭
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󵨣ңֱ
ʱб֮ڣţ¼ҺɽŶ
߰ɣ
ľ֮ڣһɣķԸ£ΧɽŵӣһȻ˵һԡ
仰Ҳˡ
Ϊ˫ʱܵһǿʶг¼֮˵ɨӡ
侳ʦеѲ
Կһ˵ıʣһκεαװ޷ӹԷĹ۲졣
ȻԷѲ鵽Լϵʱͣһ£Ȼʱ䣬ûзϳԼݡ
˲ŻʱſѲ飬¼ҵˣһ뿪ɽ
侳ӢӵķԸŵĵӣȻǷ׷ÿһ·
ھľݵʱǿһľݵķ
ղŵĽӴһ飬ǾǱۣûɽšѲˣһɫǱ۵ͽͽ
Ⱥɽ֮У侳֮ϵĸ֣Ǻܶࡣ󲿷侳ľӢӣڼҪĵط֧Ԯ
һˣҡڵ뿪˾ɽ
߳бȣȥһ޼ʵƽԭ
ƽԭΧһվվиָƥ
Ȼ¼ļ壬Լרõվƥ
Ըûﶺֱ˳¼ҵվһ¶ӣȻһſ뿪˾ɽڣֱԽǡ
պ
λھɽӵԽǣӭһһȵʢ
Ϊɽյӣǰ˶Ա
ΧЩ֧ԼһЩſͣڴˣ׼μεĻȡɽš
˵ˣԽǵʱΧѾˮ
쿴Ǹ̶ţӦפĳ¼ҷ
ףߵһ壬ƺԴ¼ҵķ˵һļΪڳ¼峤

ˣǿǸ飬ôֻôˣûиֻ
ǲǹضϿʹ𣿡
ª˰ɣһȽϾ꣬ŵˣǳ¼峤ǧ𣬳С㡣


12 ʮ
һˣԽܵ㹻Ļ
ɴ˿Կĳ¼һϵԽкܸߵ
ΧȺڵĻҲڱ仯
֮󣬾ͲΪ˱Ƚ϶ࡣ
˲Сʱ¼סլĴſڡ
ʱſڵλã֧ӵܣ࿴ŶԷһࡣ
Ȼ໥֮䣬̫Ը
йضһ֧ĵӣ񲻶ϵҫ
Ͷһˣһˣ̱ԴΣΪҲ̫ˡ
ϣⲻãһ꣬ǰһɨһ³ȣȻ彡ȫҵģ΢ˡ
ߣαӡһ߳һ꣬ɫʮֲÿųȵϣھɽڡ
˵ɽ֮Уǿޣնɱ˺öɽŵĵӣǰһɽţ˾ɽڣĴѰ޵ټ
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Ϣ£е˶ͣ˽ŲһԶ꣬
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꣬һ֧ĳ¼йϵ
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ʮӹȥ峤ٻټеĳϺͷļ
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⣬˼򵥵һ䷿ȻϥʼԪ
溬еԪʮͿͻƣԪ졣һڣʱӦɽյӵӡ
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ȻھɽΪӵٶȸ졣
Ǿɽ棬ȷ̫࣬ΪһЩ飬ɽţôͺĪˡ
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峤ףȻȽԪϢȻе˲òӡ
һλǳ¼ңһصϢ
峤أһĶĳϺ֧ɽڲ䶯ɥھɽΪǣиĳλļơҳ¼ĵλȫɽ
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ҳ¼ңжʮˣΪԪ죬ﵽɽŵӵʸȥɽţô죿
ɽţǿԳΪڼ壬ôֻܱɳ棬ǳ¼˵ʵ̫ˡ
һֱĿ˼Ĵϣʱ۾λƺˣǳ¼һϿͣÿϿͣҲнɽŻġɽŸǳ¼ֻʣʮŵӵǳ¼ҶθЩϿͣ
뵱ǳ¼ң֮Կ˿ٵķչ׳󣬾ÿϿͣɽƣڶϿͣҳ¼ҡһϢݳȥЩϿ̻ͣ¡һҳ¼ұȻҪܳصĴ
ߣǣһ֧ںĵֻһȺϿͣʲô˵ģ
޴Ŀݵĵҳ¼ҵһˣЩϿͶˣļϿͣҳ¼ûУôҳ¼ңԽȥλҪǣҳ¼ռԽǣٷ֮ʮԴͿΧļ嶼۲ĺݡ
һ壡
ͻȻ峤һӻóһŷ⣬ȻЩ꣬ҳ¼Ҷɽţ˳˳ˮҲ׼ÿǳ¼ңһӣĴɡ
Ҿɽ͵֮⣬ʸĺһ͵Ĵɡ
һɽŵʮϿ߸ҳ¼ӵڲġ
ɽţڵĴ˺Ͽ˵кܸߵҵģû˻òѡȥĴɣ
ҶȥɽţһŲã͵ڧ
𷲿һˣȻҪҿͰɽѡӵķһ䣬ǰˣѡɽţҲѡ񲻼룬룬ô˳λ
ã֧ļϾĺ
һ۳𷲣ϳµ취ƽҿԡ
֧֣ûиõİ취һ׷׵ͷʾ֧֡
˵ĬȻĵôȥ׼ɣպ󣬾ٰ䣬պѡγˣһͬǰɽš


13 һ

һ󼱴ٵ
һȻջ˫ֹۣͣתȻӴ
ڵ֮󣬼һ
ȷʧ֮ĳȥ
Ͼǳ¼ңһͣؼݣֻһϿͣ˺ܶʱ򣬻ҪСһġ
ڳ¼ܽڵԼˣǲٵġ
Ȼոµأһȣʮ̵ּĺľɵţ˲䱻һߵ
Ͽʹˣڷŵµʱ۾档
߲ƣ
뵽գ¼ҴլʱΧЩ⣬ҲȻˡûŭǱһݣȻĿ顣
СǴС㣬ʦΪ׵Ǹ꣬Ŀ֮һ̺ۣĿ֮У͸©ɱ
ˣҪԼ
Цһ
Ҫֻ֪Ҫ¼ңһ塣
壬ôͿ˳ģɽţʼԼĸ֮·
¶ô⡣
Ȼһ̣Ѿ˳¼ңȨ֮С
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ߣһɽҰˣ˲񣬼ֱ궢һᣬȻԼŵҲʹСʲôϵҲʲôĿءȻϿͣôӦþϵͷˣ㲻ܳΪҳ¼ҵϿͣҲûʸס
Ͽͣһ壬רҵ֡
Դսʱɱ
ҲԼΪս壬ϣչ
ܵ˵һݻ顣
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ֻͨǿ˵ˣſ˳ļ壬ΪϿ͡
ôˣ
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ܼ򵥣˵óôֻҪܽҳ¼ңΪСϿˡ
꣬ƺţ˵ʱһ£˵ӡ

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漴ҡҡͷĸǻԣΪҲϿɡ
Ѿӵһʱ򣬾ͿԷǳˣ˸û⡣
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Ȼһмӣˣ˷ŭ֮С
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һѴ󻷵
ǰˣ˲ͱ
еͷһʱˣֺΪȷʵȼʮǰͯʱҪǿĶࡣ
ֻϧ꣬ϻͯĵڴ죬ôãֻҪΪ̫࣬ô޼¡

ڰ֣ʱŭһֱһ˹
һȻֻ꣬ɵΪҲͨ˿Խסġ
һɽ
ƽĻӦһһתҲûʩչκεıУֱӿһףȻһקͽĵס޷鶯
ĵ̫ˡ
ļĿ¶׹ĵ˵󻰣ƺ̫ˡ
ҵڶն䵶
ʩչĵԻԲ䵶ն
Ȼֻһ׻ǿͨƷ⡣
Բ䵶նĵڶʽһֱһϰԵĸһº롣ڶԷ󻷵ն˲䣬Ľ£һƶ

壬ͺƯڷеҶܵѹ֮תλãĶһͬʱ壬ߣٵĽӽ꣬Ȼֿ羪׵ģԷĲ
󵨣
ĹʽʱһԲ䵶նʮɵ˾ͺһεĴ󵶣һ͸ϣ޵ѹ
ȻôͲҪˡ
ֵǰһڳһӡ
漴󻷵أг졣
أ
һʱһŴ󻷵Ӱ淢ֱԶ
һУһֱڵģϿͣʱ©΢Ц
ǶͷľѧһʩչͨԪʦҲֻе³
̵Ͽնأ¿¡һǸϿͣһ֮ء
˵һͬһ֮ڵˣ
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ۿûк·˵ʱͻȻתһ£Գ˲Ķ˵
ţ΢΢һ̣һڵȥ
ᣡ
һĽ
ţ壬ĵ⣬ڵ
ͷҽУһжӲס


14 
û뵽СӣȻ֮ǿ
ڵСԺԶһС¥
һĿ֮гɭϢ꣬һȭݺݺԱߵǽϡ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һȭȴһԵǽڣһȭۣɴ˿ɼΪɲ⡣
һһֽȣһ£Ȼү㻹ǵõҸ˵ļƲ𣿡
Ȼ
عͷĵˣʱ޿ٰ̣յļƻСĲС
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ôСڳ¼ң¼ˣһ𳤴壬ʮֲ
ΪϿ͵ĶӣΪ纣ʮ괴ĺӡ
Сʱ򣬾һֱ¼ҵ۸ûһͣӡ
һ㣬ǾǵϿͣԶûгͷӡֻзˣſӮñ˵ء
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Ķͷ֮ϣᱻ˿ͽ֡
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ڳƵķ£ףʵ¼ңҲԷˡֻҪ׸¼ҡ
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ҳڵĻҲҪһӵϵȨ֧֡
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ĵ룬δĳ¼ġ
¼ҵȻүģȴһ£һĳ¼ˣû㶨С㡣ЦһʮַŵĵȻһҪ֣ôȻһʱ䡣
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Σ
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ܺã
˼һ£Ȼĵ¼ȨҲǿģƽţҲֻУʩչһĵֶˡ
үӢ
ʱڵСԺһȡ
忴һ۳ƣȻƵĵѾˣҲùȥһˣ򵶰һҪˡ


15 
ϣɱɱ
ڵϥڵϣһΣܵ˶ˡ
УȻԷһëû˵
ԼԷһУֻǼ򵥵һУƵ˷ҴĹڵϡ
ʿҫǸ߹ʥַġ
Ըǿʽ֮£ǰܵɺͼ򵥡
Ƕ裡
ֻвмԼֵˣŻԼܡ
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ں
ֻһССϿͣԶԶûϵĶͷҪ
֮£ֱۣԼ£ԼһΧ
ȻŭȺͷŭԾɷƵû˿ı仯
ĶԱȣʱ˿뵶֮Ĳࡣ
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һ²ӣʱĦëȻ
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Ȼڹעʱ꣬ʱһ㶡
Ϊʶֽơ
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˿ڱ۵ϣֻϵ˳ƵΪûнն
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һʮ߰ģʱҡҡͷԼĲɡ
壬Ҹ׼纣̫޷ִϵ˲Ż纣˾Ӷ֮󣬽ϵҿ㣬Щ꣬ûʲôɫĳЧϵӵĶ䣬ȥҿϵŪҾȥ飬λְܡ
Ȼƽʱôעڲĵ飬ûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ʵΪ峤ŮȶڼԼķ˭˭Ķ֣˭˭ѣ˭˭ˣﶼһСˡ
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ЦصգĻȻĺݡ
塭
ȻһŮӣ侲жڡ
ڵԼ޷ԷƲá
ˣȻѾϣôСͨϵĿˡŪһһӣȻҪȥ峤ͶңôҲģ
ߡ
һӣֱԼﳤȥ
ȥıӰĻͱȽϷز¾ҵĸ
һ죬Ҫ֪ҵ³


16 
ĳҺܶ𣿡
ȻһЦȻߵԣǸˤķŷ
ϸĦһ£ľֻ΢ѣȻʹãȶһ½Ƕȣͽľ
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漴һЦԲ𣬿ҪһõϢ
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һۣȾСʧˣΪڳ¼ңƾҵĵλݣ˳˳ɽšֻϧɽ˾޴ı仯ǳ¼ңֻɽͣʮŵӡ
ɶҳ¼̫࣬ɽţҪõŵӵͱμҳ¼ҾٰıȶʤҵõεˣſԻüɽŵ
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Ϊȣֻһ£ǰҪɽŵ
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һڲˮȻƽĵԤϣֻû뵽ɽѼˡ
ģҿͨ飬˳ļɽš
ģ
ͷȷĵԼظǾͺãĺʧǺǡ
Ȼô˵ȻǺĵİοһСʱȻȥ

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վڷݵݶ֮ϣɽڵķ
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ᣬɽŵĻ
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һ۷ĬĬת
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һɹԪӷϣӿڲ
ԪֱӻᰴմҪ󣬴뼸֮УתΪԼԪ
ףԼڵΪһƷޣ޷ԼͻԪ졣
ҪͻԪ죬ô÷Ԫȥλã汱Ԫۺ塣
ֻҪϣ˺һ飬ôͿԼС
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ٿطԪ۵Ԫ
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һʦҪ۷壬ҪӵеƷʡ
޷ӵԣ޷͵סʱĿ飬ô޷Ϊһʦʦ
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ҲΪƷʣȥŻվ½۷塣
ȻΪˣԣȴû˿ˣе


17 ʼ
뿪ͻӻ̸֣ˡ
ȻҲܸжһģȻȥ
ŵ̵ıӰ忴ųƵôΣ
֪ʵ̣˳˼µɲ⣬ҪĻ֮Ҫôһɣˡ
ȻһɣˣҲ˵ĻΪһᣬƽ޹ʳΪСϿͣӽС㣬һҲԼĿء
ڣҪ´С㣬ѶȻࡣ
ţĿһĵͷϣԺ󶼲Ҫٿ
Сס
Ƶһת漴˵һתȥ
ȥķ򣬺Բϵǳ¼Ҹ֧ļоס
סż֧ǧˣ֧֮ĹϵҲʮǢ˾һЩԾ
бҵϿά򣬸֧ηģԲûзʲô

չ⴩
һգ۵Ĺ򣬾˳¼Ҵȵӡ
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ԽǣļС壬¼ٿȣҲ׷ԼҵľӢӣǰۿʢ
ĳأһ޴¶㳡
㳡֮ϣʮ̨ÿһ̨ףȫûԪʯ죬ԪˣҲ޷̨顣
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18 Ǳ
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19 
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20 ˱ȭ
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21 Ķ
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22 

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23 
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ϯ̨֮ϵĳԣɫڣ𣬺ȵˣʵԭأۿ˭ҼңһԼҷá
һʱΧֺĳ棬ͣ
һųԣȻˣ׷ֹͣ׷ѰĽŲ
ȻҲһЩˣǲڳ¼ҡҲעȽӲˣųԵǴƭǵǮѵͲҪ
ˣǳ¼ңЩׯˣǳ¼ҵϿͣǳ¼ڱһҲõ˲ٺô
û׼ǳ¼ԼŪĶׯȻٱǮأ
ⷬʱеˣĿ׷ԣŲͷŭ
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Ūĳԣл
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Խǣڳ¼ңûгֹһʮҵԪʦ
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ѾķԸͨµĹϵϵԷˡҾЭ̣ҲԸ⣬̨֮ϰǸСӡ
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Ҫ٣
һƽһԪ
֣ҲſҪһ鴤˼֮УƬ֮󣬲ŵˣ̨֮ϣҲֻǸһſԸ㶨
ҵȥ¼ҵڿ⣬֧ȡһƽһԪ͹ȥɡҪϵǰɽš

ܼҧҧһʵС˲ǺףΪʲôһҪԸǸСһ
ʮ꣬Ԫ𣿡

ҳСѾͷСһ龫ƽ޹ʵΪϿ͡
οֲһɵӣԲһЩĻϲˣվŮߣʳѰ
һɣǸˣܾܿǳԣڳߣұһ׮ӡ
򵥽䣬Ŵ»صϯ̨֮ϣʱڶѾʼսˡ̨µĿͣһʼࡣ
һ۳ԣֻҪϵôô죬ߣ


24 ָ
ϢһСʱ
оԼڵϢѾָ״̬
ȻдһԪԼԪγɵ
ɵĸã޷յġ
һ½Ǻ͹ؽڣȷûʲôط̫֮εض𣬴ӰĽ棬һ̨ȥ
Χۿˣע⵽ж֮󣬷׷ÿһ·Ŀ̺֮ųݺ;¡
Ĵ½һֱǿΪ硣
κһˣΪʦϣվ֮ۡ
ֻϧǿˣֻһ
˵ĿУȥһܻܸ֮Ŀ⣬͸һ
ǵǿߵĴˡ
䣬ΪʲôҸоϣһ˾µϢ
㶮ʲôɱһɱˡ
ɱˡ
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һߣڵӪ棬ʦһԪʦڸɽǡ
߳ʦſĶߵһȶͽˣʤͿԼɽţӴ˷ֱϾ졣ʧܵĻôֻܼڳ¼ңĬĬŵȥһӶϿͣ޳ͷ֮ա
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ܼʥأôʹһС
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ƺܺáʦϹŴЦݡ
ԼʱΪһʧɽŵĻᡣһԲϣٷǰԼ顣
ҲҪע⡣ٶȺǿǿٶȣҲ㲻ܸƴǿҪԼĳ͵˵Ķ̴ʤĽֻʤϣ
࣬ҵĽ򡣡
㣬Ҳע⵽ˣǾƺȽϴֻҪ򣬽򻵣ˣôʤˡ
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ʵ쵣ȷģΪѾʮˣѾһˮ룬޷ɽţôһӣҲûϣˡ
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ʤôһṧϲ㡣
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зǳĿ϶һʱ֮䣬˰֮ģˣôҲָһЩ©ĵطԲȡȻҲҪԣָ㣬ҲһԵõʲô֪ʶ
̫ˡ
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һԵĲУûʼսѾˡ
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һ첻ҪĳҲе㲻ãǵԼСرۣˡ
Լ̫ᣬҪָԼ곤ˣôȻˡ
ͨࡣ
Գ죬һ侲ӦԣһϸϸĹ۲졣
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࣬࡭
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ǵĺ֮£ɫƽڴͬʱĹҲòһʼôֱײ
أ
һֵ¡
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飡
ɫһ죬Ĺ£˲˼
ҲһҪҵ˼·һһԼСָ㣬ζ޷ܣٽһУţȭ


25 
׾޷־
ȭͷӦֻиӲһǰҲҪдͱ仯У
һŭģʧȥ侲˼άȥжϵ˵ʽԼ·ߣȫһı֡
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飡
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죬͸ſ죡
͸
ȭͷ͸ųȭͷ
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мʮꣿ
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ʱ׷жӰС޵ľ÷ḻѵӳһֱսôᶮ֮ı֮ͨͺһоʦʦվ̨֮һ
ܣȻһľפգʹòϡʮ֮߰꣬ߵĵزôֻܴڴ˵֮СϷ˶ϵĻֵʦһˣ˾еҪ㣬˲ŻɻʤҶþȽ϶ࡣ
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Ҳ˵ѾɽŵԼ档ȶֻһˡ
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սе־֮⣬ļ̨Ѿֳʤ¼ұˣѾѡ߸Ŀꡣ
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ϿߣΪʤ׵ֱ죬µ
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ʣµļս磬ͳһС
ոջصԼϢĵط׼Ŀ񡣲꣬ٶߣ̨
˵ˣǲġ
⵽ķȻû뿪һû

һȭԱߵʯһӡ


26 ԽսԽǿ
ʱ⣬ǹĺܿ죡
ݹȥеٶȻص̨ϣȴʣµľʱ
ûе̨Ϳһű
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ⳡȶִ£ɻߣ˫һѸټ
ļ飬Ȼµƺء
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Ҳо˵ԪϢѾԹصԪˡ
ʮԪ죬ݣȷʵ㰡
ֻǲ֪ǸСһǷкУһҪˡ
ţȥɣ
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߬һȭͷȻһЩֱۡ
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۹ݶ𣡡켥һЦȻ˲θߣ֮еԪӿڲ
һʱ䣬е˶ףͻˡ
˵Ԫ֮壬øӼ̺ڣ
ĸоã
ڵңͺһҪ㣬Ϳ㣬Ҫϵ㣬ͿԷϵ㣡

ĴЦ·ϵ£û˿սʤһ
տ˵׻бԣ
һȻӵı£һȥ

ǿʽɵҰ
ƣոջ죬ܣһ鵯
һ򣬴ֱϷ
Ļ浯˿ûжŭһƽĿŶԷ
浯ɷǣ˲ʩչ˴
˿ΪģΧһƣ
鵯һͱɵһ㲨˶û
𣿡
ŪһǷı飬죡
ҵģ
ŭˣһŭˡ
Χǻ鵯ʮһ飬ֻһٸĳϮ
˿壬һƣӰڽڰ˵ʱ
ϯ̨ϵĴϿ۾һΪʲôҷǸСϵϢƺԽսԽǿˣ


27 һ
ţ
ر̤Ԫ֮Ŵﵽ˿ǰ͡
˵¼ң˳֮⣬ûһΪţֻҪͻԪ죬ôͿԺɨ¼ңԪĸ֡
ΪţŻһʼʱһȺ֮ɱ
ҲΪ̬еޱߡ
ǵķŭţ̼֮ܵͻĸӷȫԪڻ鵯֮ϡ
ΪҪɱһҳ
ʲôƨļҹ棬ʲôͷ˵ӣ
ⲻ֪ΪԴͿİơ
ԼڵΪ
濹죬ûԼĳ·
ôҪʤֻһ·ôôһĶԷԪһ治ԼΪս
һʼʩչսԣԱһֱڱľ档
Щҿʦǣ
һ̣Լֵ֧ĶΪֻǿ
ǸҪˣ
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ãҿһѹϣԺݺݵһʣǰһǮڸ׬
ɲһǸʤôδֻ꣬ȥҪˡ

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µϵıһɽ⿪
Ȼһ¸ǣ˳һСڵ⣬Ŵ̨֮ϵĴ򶷣Ȼѵҳµһοˣ
ΪʲôܸоСӵϣһɿµʤ
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ܣ˲ͬҵĵУԤ֪ΣաһڹȥĶʮ꣬һֱǰ԰顣ԲΪĳ֣Ӷ仯
ɡ
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ϯ̨֮ϵĳԣĬȻĵͷִ¶ʱ̨һϿʹȣһ


28 ܾԵ

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ڳ¼ѵʱ¼һѣɷ񣿡
ͷ˵ԡ

³һΪղĺܽš
ش𡮲ԡôţһͻڳԵ
һһţҪԼǰ
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ˬĴӦˣȻڳ͵Ŀ֮У뿪˴


29 Ի
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Ϊţ


30 Ʒ
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ʶ̫Ѩλõĺڶɵ

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31 ߽羢
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32 
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34 Ƶ
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Ҫ޸Ҷ𣿡׳һ̣ʱ¶˿ȥһûŵĸоС椣㳤úˮ飬ӦϺúңôҿԲȥ

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һʱ䣬ȵɫˢˢ䡣
˶𣿡׳һЦĵڱȰǻܽˣҶԷ㡣
µһٵĶ߽͵Ƶƹķ˵ӵгɰǧĵˣǵ죬Ԫĸ֣ƹȣûе֡ƹȣֻҪһƵû˸Ҳġ
ȻΧʦ˵׳Ƶ̱֮ͣ˿óһռ䡣
ΨǸջϰ壬һ׳ϹأңһʮҾšǵͷ­
˷ϰĻ׳Ͷˡ
ȻԷѾưոˡ
һۣȻѰһ°ü͵ټʧü;Ȼû¶档
һǱʲôǣסˣ¥·ô飬ͷ죬ҲӦġ
ɴ˿ɼƺô򵥵顣
С椣ôү
׳˿û壬ȡ
̾ϢһݵվȻֱһ֣׳ץס̫ţб³α۸Ůأ
Ӿ۸ŮˣܰôأδɵСƨ
׳һĸ棬ȡ
һʱ䣬г¼ҵĻԼ䣬Լγ׷׶׼Ƶ
Ȼʱһγһȭ׳Ŀ֮Уֱһأ׳
飡
׳ֻһ
ȻֻһУҲԿóΪֳ˲١ո׼ֵ죬ȻջֱۣΪ֪һԴá
ƵܺãȻңôͽһ
ֱӴǬ棬óһѴ󵶣ն׳
һûκεĻΣֻǴڵĻ֮еһʽεն
׳𺳣æԼеӭϡ
һ
ջص
׳һҲûжսҵĻǿ
֨
׳Ҫȵֻ֣˲ֱ֮ϵ䡣
ڴͬʱջ¥֮ϣһŭ𣬽ŰüʹϷ
ü͹׳ǿʹ


35 콧
ƹΧһɽϣ
ջԼʮľ롣
ԭɽˮ֮أʱѾһŵӪء
Ӫغģһ޴
֮Уһ۵Ĵ󺺣λ֮ϣһ߿ȣһ§Żа۵Ůˡ
ڶ۴󺺵Ķ棬վһĿˣ
ˣˣһϳˡΪ˾ǲǰڷջ鷳ļһ
կСѾ̽ˡ
׳һȻԼڷջһһ˳
һһ߿Ŷ۴󺺵ı顣
˰죬׳˵֮󣬾վһԡ
۴ҲеȷһԣȻԼķ֣ڻаŵŮزϣݺݵһѡ
Ҳ˵¼һ˶ʮˣһԪ죬Ԫ죬ԼһʵԪڵꡣʣµʮˣԪΪ
۴󺺳˼һ£Ȼһ»Ů˵ƨɵ˵ǱϢƺûʲô⣬Ⱑ
ɱʮˣԻûƽԪһǧöŮˣȻȽϻ㣬ǻҪģ¼ҵҵټӶ׷ɱ
˼֮еĶ۴󺺣Ψһ۾ͣ˸һεɷӶ۴󺺵ӿֳ
нŮˣһᣬֿܵס˾޴ѹ
ѽ
Ůһڶ
Ȼʱ򣬶۴׹һ
·վ׳۾һգΪ֪۴˼ʱ˵˼
Ȼ׳۾ʱһոջڶ۴󺺿³лŮˣ촦һ߽Ӳʬ塣
һͺͷ۴󺺶׳εǿԽ£ȥŰڣʱ̼ලǵжһ¼ҵˣƹȣǰ档

׳ųصĲ뿪ʡ
ȻһڣȽϺ̵ķ⣬׳ʼոое㲻ƺʲôҪһ
Ͼ֪ûԤ֪

ջ
ǰһĻȻ֣ҶףԽƹȣôŭƵȻҪһΣա
мδ̫཭ĳ¼ˣͳȵĿ˲ơǵƵǱͳģӦ˳еԷŭ
һԵİüͣԴ˳š
ʵղǱ˵ߣҲһĻ
Ԫĸ֣ǳ´ɵ˿ɵĴڣԴûнìͷָ
һ磬Ƶ£ɢ
ü͵ջһ˳¼䡣
Ϊȵĵλߣһ䡣
Ͽһ䣬¼ҵһ䡣
ţҲû˵ĵġ
治ľǶһ󿻶ʮף㹻˯ʮˡ˴ҽ뷿֮󣬸ѡһط¡
Ȼķջ֮ϡ
ҹ֮µķջİƺҶ˯һ
Բ¸߸ߵĹ֮Ȼƿ˳ȥ
ʱҲƹƹȵΧǱȽ˽ġ
߳ջ֮Ϳʼһ·С
Լе·ߣϵķڡ
ԼСʱ֮첽һɽȣ
ɽȷǳĶͣҪʵҪԪΪ
˼£һɽʯ֮ϡ
طǷ콧ʮֵĶͣԪˣһˤȥҲҪǡ
ڷ콧СŲһᣬҵעӡǡ
漴ӡϵָһԶȥ
ڷ콧֮Уһң
һڸǵĵطѰҵһڵɽ
򵥲һ£ɽ֮ڵȷû֮ʩչƲٵĳȥ
һᣬɽڲѰҵһͲŵؼ
һؼ֪ⱾؼԼĿء
Ӳĸ֣УɢȵĹâ
ؼûż뿪Ϊڽɽʱ򣬾ͷΧĿ⣬ĶԼġ
ЩĿˣΪﵽԪľ硣
ڵԼһȥôܶԷΧһ㲻ҲҪһƤ
ɽ棬һȻ뿪
İ
ֻԼӹۿһᣬе裬Ȼؼָʾһһͽ״̬
һУһıʩչ
ȻһʼȽɬʱӳࡣ
ƿأҲԽԽ
ؼһҳϣȻ˱۾Ϣһʱ󣬵Ҳʱȥˣ


36 һ
һȥСʱ
ʱϼµһϾҪ
콧ΧӰӶһȫۼڵɽλá
ϵһԴִ׳Ŷڵλã׹˸ǸСӽУѾСʱΪʲôûг
һȵʿһԼĺҲǸСӣƺԲû̳
ϵĿһ漴ȻҲ֣ҪǵõҲҪ򿪣ϸۿһᡣ
ֻӴϢĵȼܸߣۿҲҪʱ䣬ſԽСɡղǸСӽȥСʱܽɣ
磬ֵһΣҲǻˡһԵˮĵЩǼΪô飬ҲӦֵˡ
һ̫ˡ̾ϢһȻĿĶסڡ
Ϊ˵ʱ򣬶洫һĽŲ֮
Ų죬ɴ˿жϳԷĲһȻ̤ѩ޺ۣҲԶˡ
ˣ
ĿһֵСģǱߴ鱨СӿԶսʤһԪʦ
ߣģֵܶǳڵˡԶԶǳ¼ңЩĻǶġ
˵̫ˡ
һϵĴ󺺣ߵǰһ԰ѹ󣬵ܵȥǸСӵͷ­ֱŤ׸λ硣
ಣ
ʱȻڳ
ֱһ򣬺ϵĴ󺺡
һƣԿɽʯ֮ǿԲͨ˿ӭ
ֵܣֱַǻɽˮ
ѧϰȭһȭ֮ϣرǵԪ֮Թͨص˺ȭ
Ĺ̴һ˿ˣֱӭ涥ȥ
أ
ȭཻ˿ûкˣԽɽվһʯ֮ϡ
֮ӵԪȴΪղŵײһ岽
ãС
ܲĶ֣ȥףһ֮
Ҳȥ
ಣ
󺺿ֱҲ࣬һһȭͷȥ
ĺã
Ȼ壬˫һǸղŵƷ
飡
ٶཻǳһ顣
ˣԺһ
һĻ񻢵𺳡ֵˣԪˡֵһ޷սһԪˣ鴫ȥǵɨء
һ
ոձֵܣٶȳϮ
һֵˣһʼ·Ĺ׷ʩչԼľѧ
ȭ
ƣ
һ
ˣѧֱͬĽ䣬Ϯ
ߣԪڵʩչƷʲôһ˵壬̷ֳ޴ӰһУ߻
򻯰һʽֱɻ꣬߻
ʲôȻڼСʱ֮ڣѧĵڶУ߻
񻢺϶񱪣һۡ
ֲӣֵˣɵ
Сʵ̫ˣȥôĳɾͲ
Բȥ
ͬʱʩչ߻Ѿ׺ݵײ˵ϡ
¡¡
Ԫγɵߣ˺ҧ
ƾûа취ǵİΧ֮Ӵܡ
Сǲˣ
ɱ䣬ֱӴڹȥ
ֵˣֻԪڣ˶Ԫڡ
һΧԪһ󶯵
Ȼȴ֪ڷջʱѾ˹һλԪڵʦˡǸ˵Ϊֻ񻢸ߣ񻢵Ϊ͡
񻢾ʱ϶ȥֵܣɴ˿ɼֵ˵ĸʮ
߻ֵ̻һй
һ̣һַ緶ҲûС
һʱ䣬ѹս֮еÿһ

һ֮Уɢһ
Щ֮£ֵܶʱһңʶܵӰ죬ݵͣһᡣ
ҲһĹһƽԼˮɡ
ģ
񻢴ŭĿһͻ
񻢵ĳѧһʩչһͷͻԷһ㡣Ԫ۷ˣһлУҲҪΪһҡ


37 Ԫ
վڷ籩ĺģûж
ֱվԭأȴ񻢹Ϯ
·ûκεӦԷֻƾԼ壬ӭӶԷĹһ
Ҫˣ
ڿԸɵˣ
ɵһҪһʲô
ڵˣͬһʱ䣬о񾭣Էˡ
ΪǺ񻢵һУжô
ȻҲû뵽ΪҪһУӵʱһ̧֣˲һԪ
ɻ꣡
¡¡
һߣĳȥ
ʵЩԪγɵľߣһԵеĻ򲻹񻢣
ΪÿһߣеҲԪӡ
ǵʮһһǧһ㣬ôԪˣҲΪ
ã
񻢴󾪣һοʽ
Ȼ֪û֮ǰûеȥۿΪǱ壬֮⣬˶ûʸۿ
Ϊɱ֮󣬿Ҹᣬ͵Էһѧᣬʽһ͹ŪԼ
ֵǣԮһѣ
ʱ˿̣ҲҴ⣬æкԼλֵܡ
ֵˣȻͬͬͬǱϾͬͬĸֵܣǵѪԵͬˣʦʱѧһ˺ϻ
սͬ
˿£һȫ߷
ʱںһľˣһԿɻꡣ
ಣ
һͷͷߣ˴ѡ
ʱ֮
һߣʣǧ˰
ʧ˽ٷ֮ʮԼĽɽСӣ군ˡⱾԪ죬ȫʩչġڵԪһĺܴ󡣵ȴүɵߣ֡
һҪƤɵ
ҪѪʧѪҺ
ɽ˵ıҲǱȻǸղҲ˲Ĵˡ
аЦЦ˿ûеġ
ⱾΨһĺôֻҪԪ㣬ôߣͿԲϵһҲԽĺ
콧ΧĲ࣬ΨƷҶһ꣬ƬƬ
һֱۣߵһҶԱߣһĹȥ
˲ת޴ϳȡҶԪ档
һᣬһոµߣʹڳ񻢵˹ȥ
ףСӻ
ģôģôԪ˳㡣
ɱһҪɱ
һװģǴ磬Ҳ޷֧̫ãοһԪСأ
ںһ𣬼ս
ֻϧղŵսҲڵԪĵеء
սͬҲʱƵġ
ּ˰Сʱ˹ֽһȻֱӵڵϣҵĴϢš
ģΪʲôЩԽԽˣ
˵ɫ԰ףŲӵߣǾˡΪ֪ԼѾûеֿˡ
ʣ񻢵޴ӻشΪҲ
ʱѾǵߣǵ׵ֻҪΧ飬ôҵԪͻԴԴϣҾս޲ʤ񡣡
ЩˣһɶҪ
ۣ
һͷͷߣֵܲһ
һᣬͽɵһɶ
ͬʱ˵ԪҲ˳ĶǸһӿ档
ѾӵԪ۷֮õԪʦԪ˲䵽ԪĹؿ
һٳȥΪԪڵĸ֡
Ųڴϣ͸оԴԴϵĴԪ塣
ӵĸо泩ޱȡ
һ֣Ҫĸо
Ԫ֮ԪﵽԪʦôͿԼ򵥵ķ衣
ȻԪʦеĸ߶ȣֻܵڶʮףٶҲǷǳ֮졣
ɻ꣬ʣµһ׷׳ԶȥΧıҶڲԪԼĸС
һᣬΧıҶɣȫԪ
һ۹ͺͺķ콧εĵֲԪȻٵģǧٿƷıҶɣõԪԼֱӴӴأ

ϧɫѾˣҿץͷޣǵԪ
޵ƷʣԶԶ߹ֲ
ȻԵޣҲӵԶԸ
̾ϢһתȥһͷԱһʧɽʯ֮С


38 ײ
ջ
ʱɫѾг¼ҵӵܣѾ֮
ľһ𣬻š
֪ȥʲôطȻûл
ǰǻҪھͿȥˡ
ɲԽƹȣҪʮʱҿɲ֮󣬻ƹתơ
Ҹ׸ңƹĵ˺һСģͿܱ˰ΧסȻǷ²
ףˣ
ͻȻһ׼˵ĳ¼ӵܣԶж
ѣе˶
˼λһˣ
öʮ˵ԼҲе㲻˼
һ£ǳ¼ȴô룬һһһϿͣҲô˵㣬ֱǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ҲӵԪΪڳ¼ڶ֮УҲС
һۣû˵ʲô
ȻһԵİüͣȴʱ򣬵ͻˣ
Ĭϵĵͷ
û˵ʲôȻĻشȴڳУʶˣ
üͻ˵ʲôͱղų˴ϵԪ𣿡
ߣһʱ䣬ҲԽԪڣ׽ܡ
Ļµһ˸ۡ
Ҫ֪ո¼ҵʱֻԪ۷塣ʱΪʹﵽԪ졣
Ҷ˵νͻƣֻͻһС
һǣ
С磬ô˵ѾԪ죬ΪԪڵĸ֡ŵԲǸ˿Աġ
ȻµҲûȤͣ˭ûòأ
ȿȣ
üһȻһ±ңûĻôͳ
ǣ
жپ⡣
Ƭ̣
һ϶ޣȻﳤȥ
ƹȣ
˵һɽȣ˵һ޴أ
棬ͱڡ
ɽľʯżҲ䣬һСģôͿܱʯҳ
һˣߵٶȲ̫졣
߸Сʱ֮һƹڲһˮԱߣ׷¶ޣȻӱߣһ沿һ¡
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У
е죬ͳµ֮ĹϵǢ
µȴԳµ˵ĵУкܴȤ
Ĵ½νĵУʵʦһ̶֮󣬲һұԤ񾭷䡣
һܵŨҵɱô񾭾ͻᲨӶԤ
ûŤ뿪µ࣬һƨߵ֪ΪʲôӽƹȿʼҾ͸оΧһŨҵɱرǵɽ֮ҵĵԤĴҲԽԽƵһᣬһʲô鷢
ΪʲôҪ˵
ûжƺԼһϵҲûһ
УкܴĹϵ
µصĵվڰü͵ߣǹɱҲûмˡһվߣǹɱͻˡɴ˿ԿĳһεΣֻܻ⣬˶ûлĿܡ
ôţԼ´ˣ
ᣬҵĵдûг
һۣȻ۾ԼȫԪͷ˳ȥ
ԼԪϵĳԶȥ
ΧľɫҲĳ
ȻԪƮʮȻûеõԼҪĴ𰸡
ڲٿصԪҲʮԶҲ޷龰ˡ
Ȼ׼Ԫʱ
ֳȥһɣ̽׵Ԫȴˮ²ĵطһԪ
ӴԪۿһᡣ
ȻһһӰӺˮг֡ǶſһͷƷ޾ϣĳֲĹ
ǸоԪĲ޷ǵĴڡ
ڴͬʱϵˣһʼŰȥһԪ۷ˣֱȡ
뿪¼ҵʱ򣬳Է򸾿Լչ˳ȵġ
һ߼ȵߣֱץסһԵȻŲԶˮȥ
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׼ȷ£ʱһ
һ̲̲ɫѪҺˮĸֳ
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Ҳǳé®СѾͷһ룬ʱµĳֿܣҿˣˮ߰Ʒޡ
ޣˣ
üʱѾƮȻź׵˺󣬸γһ׼


39 Ҳһͷ
һСɽϣ
ƹһھƣȻָü͵һǣסնɱ¼ҵӵܣΧüͣ

ƵĶңҲһԪĸ֡
ʱڹע龰ָĺˮ磬ƺе㲻ԣǵ˻ûгϰԷˡ
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صһϸһۣȻ̵ģ֪ĸɵǣڿˡ
ֵǣɱȥǾһս
ҳһµ磬ǲǵɽµֵǣ̽·֮ڶ֣
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ˣƲһĭȻӾˣô;ԲɣοƵһʮˡһһĭӣҲԽȫʲôɵǵġ
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˶ƵĻеĵ̺ųȥ

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ڣҵľͿ԰̫ˡ
˵һܽӴǿˣҲԪˡ
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üվںˮ֮ߣŲϳˣһ
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һһĵУֱӳźˮȥ
꣬꣡
ˮ֮Уʱ
ѪҲڻðȻˮ֮صˣ˲١
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ƵĴ󵱼ңһֱü͡
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ಣಣ
첻ǳ¼ҵϿͣ侲Ĺ۲һ̺֮СģҾ£һ𣬲ɽϽ󡣡
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ѣ¼ҵһ飬ղͬķλһɱ󷨡
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쿴һ۳µЦһкɽ󣬿ȴûԸԼʲô°
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ûǸƣԼȥɽţôҲ޷˳Ϊŵӡ
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ʱԪϿͣѾΪˡ
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µ죬ΧƮƵǸ޷ҵ׼ȷŵط
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Ƴꪵֱĸ
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ԸЩʵ̫ˡ
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ɵնµˣӲһûеԲǿɴûмԲ֪
ţ˰
µĬһһ֮ģױûˡ
ɱ׬Ԫ
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ףСӣȻԽӴɵĹ
ŲԶĴ󺺣Ŀ⽥ҰһצӣôҲһͷɣ


40 ս
ಣ
һͷȥ
·أʱգ
һͷˣԪ۷ĸ֣һ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУͱһͷ
˵ѪҺ˳ŸͷĶˣһֵȥ
۷壡
һƣΧ˷׷ײ
һЩԪˣȻΧȴûһ˸Ҷ֡
·һħֻҪһ֣ôΧͻ˵Դء
÷ĸͷ
ͻȻһԪۺԪԶ
ٶȣԼ̺ԪԷһԪʦ
뵽Դķ򣬶ʱ
Ԫһ죬ǰǴϣ̤ʦ֮á
о죬ϣǳԽ౾ľ硣
ôо飬ԪΪս죬ҲҪСģһвͿܱԷһצ
ܿһŴʿҡڵ߹
һһ֮䣬ΧƵ׷׸ÿһ·˿
ûڴ֮ϣƯڿУȻ벻̫ߣҲʾĲ
Ԫ죬²Ĵһ
ãֻԪڣ̫ǿԷΪ֮΢һ㡣
ԷǾ۷壬ôŤͷܡ
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һۣ۾ƺһħĤݡһĳӰӾ
ʿŵıȻһѽߡ
ȻͨȴܸܳԷĽ֮ϣɱȻѹŹֵıһɱ
Ƿһ
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ƣ
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һֱվĳµ죬ʱҲ𾪲ѡ
̨֮ϣʩչѧôԼ޷֧һغϡ亹˲֮
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ԣһƷ򲻿ôһΣҵĵУָָ˵·
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ϵ֪ԷһԼܵķãԲԼƽߡʿȽɵôɻȻʧЧΪʩչߣѾˡ
ϧ֪ĸӾԶ
ԷԼ˿ûжֻĽ֣Լı


41 ͻΧ
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ʿһµߣûнλסʱʩչԼѧʱһɫħӰ
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Χߣȴʧȥ鶯֪ùǸ˻أҺһƬ
м似ôأ
ھԵʵǰǿҲֻǹ̡
ʿЦһһǡ
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һɹǿԪʿӿ档

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42 ڤ
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aԴ̲
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˲ȻŭҪ׼ʩչɱУڤеܣܣɽ̫ˣٶȳֻɱǣҸоһǿҵϢڳ߸
ˣ
ʱ֮ϳһһѷɽֱӴӿеһˣڤС
һܼ򵥣ȴޱߵܡ


43 ɽͽ
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ǣ
ܺãôǾ߰ɣ
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϶ޣ̫ǰ·ɽȥ


44 ɽ
̫һˬӣ
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һؿָ̫ͷȻһ£һָһؿǵءλʦҪһ޴棬ǰһĵطɽִ¸մ氲ȫ߳
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ɽߣмҪУÿһˣ൱ͷΪһϷԣֻһᣬӶĳʦžͷôǽͻܺܶͷ
ʦ֣Ҹղ˵ɽʱյ㡣ѵɽţ֮ϣµĹ۲ǿ̫ո˵꣬Ͳ²⵽ĳֿܡ
΢΢һЦָ̫գȻŽ͵磬ֻɽţ֮ϣǽڵ档

ֻһɣǵ̫׼ȷ֮󣬼嵹һ


45 ׯҰ
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ɽžӢӣԱߵλŮҵʦá꣬һĵ棬˵ÿһ仰ǶҪףҼסʲôԼе


46 һأͨ
ͱŮˣɽŵľӢӣڳˣľ硣
һſŸ̧֮ϵŮ˶ˣĿ֮Ľѡ
ҲΪǵĳ֣ӶҺһƬĹ㳡ļžޱȡ
վԱߣһ꣬Ÿ̧֮ϵ꣬ŵĵһҲӵ֣ĵλӻ֮䣬ǧǴɷӦùӡ
Դÿɷҡҡͷȴһɱ
˳ɱһǸ˵꣬ɻ󲻽⡣˵ӦòʶΪһ棬ɱԼأ
һᣬȻûвµеĺ壬ɴ಻˼Ĺ۲̨֮ϵӢӣûпӦͽܣеӦýŮɺ
Ȼոϳ˶ˣ̧֮ϵˣͻһԼҹĶĵλҲףӵʲôҪǣⲢ۷壬ֻҪŬôҲӵޱߵ

һָԶɽʯʱǿɽʯӲһ͸Ŀ
ǵģɽ֮УųǧؼֻҪܹۿһΣͿԻɾ侳ҲΡ
ɽŵΪ˵еʥӣҲδ֪
һʱ䣬е˶Ϊ׷ġ
ҲϣףɽžôĵطôԴЩԴֻṩһʹãʣµֻܣڵʵԮһ˵Ļ룬ǽ֮ǰǽǣҼǵʣǷɽŵԮ
ɽŵʻۣԲͨļġ
˵ɽŵһⷿʣԽǳ¼ҵļʮǧĿⷿɽŵжֻ
ԡڳеˣһɻ
ɽĴ½ĺţյӣȻҪвԡɺһ۷׷׵ĵطǲԸǵĲԣô뿪Ҿȥ

еſ̱ͣ
ԼҪЧˣŮӼ˵ʵڵģڶ࣬Щ֮УгϢˣûм
侳ͺһǽὫаٷ֮ʮˣһ·ڣʥӣңԶɼĵλÿܲһʥӣŰοˡ
ԱǣԼĵλϣҪˣҲµ˼άжǲҲܷġطĵϵˣֻϵϿͣҶʦֵܣλǾȵġȻ˵ƽȣôֻΪǰ̡Ϊǿʴϻۣǰ̺͵õĶȻͺáŮ˵֮еſʵҪǫ飬Ҫֻſԣ˳˵棬ĸӳá
㳡֮ϣž
ˣΪʱޣλһǰһأʼһԡ
ɺһۣȻһʹ⡣
漴ʹ⣬γһţƾճڴҵǰ
ɺһ̤ţȻԶȥ
һʱ䣬еſȿֺĵţ׷Ѱ˵ĽŲ
һᣬһɽߵĵط
طͨ
˵յģǧ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ͨ棬һ޴ʯšʱʯţѾ͸ʯţԿ棬һһʯݡ
ſڵԱߣһ֮ϣǬꡣ
ʱؿϵĻձ֤꣬ӢӵݣԼӵе
ѪڵſĵλҲˣͨɽߵĽǾĵһأǴȥһֱ߳ͨΪֹ
ģҸǰһЩʳˮ㹻ͨ졣ϣǣ֮߳һ죬ҪһĶӡ޷һ֮߳ȥôǾͻᱻ̭
Ůʱһɽţֻһǧŵӡйˣͨһ飬ô¼ȡ߳ͨˣںصˣҲֻ˵һǸ
ǿʳϣǿץסÿһλᡣ
ǧ׸߶ȵ֮ͨڣ޷߳ȥֱ̫ˡ
һĸſ뵽ﲻن£ֱͨԣһȻͨ
һжһеſͨ
ͨĴţҲʱֱӹرֻ֮ͨŻٶȴ򿪡
֮ڣ߳Ǿ̫ˡ
ֻһݣ޷߳ҪȥӪȡεҡҡͷȻֱͨ۷壬ȴһ߳ͨˡ


47 ʳ
ͨͺһ¥
еſ̱֮ϵĳͨĶ˱ȥ
ȹˣ׷ʩչԼȡȳȥϾ޵ģҪôһȥ
֮ϰԵĿѯʵǳ
ȻȴûƶǽԱһµ̨ΪֻԪڣһǷҩӲġţ߳ȥҲ޷Ϊŵӣ㻹ǷŬˣ
󵨣ΪʲôˣȻҷҲĳֱϵ̳ˣ̬ʮֶӡ
ûٸֱӽϵİ£Ȼһƽ˵Ϊã֮ûʳʼ֮󣬻ӵʹֱ࣬أ
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껹˵ʲôһԵ죬ʱͷųԼϢʱǸˡ
ϴǣ첻Եѯʵ
ֻͨǧװǾȫߣŶÿ߳ȥԼİЩʳȫýԼİ档
ǧףת֮£ҴֻҪһСʱ
ȸոջش⣬е㲻˼顣
µĿһȻɽЩ˵ĹؿôɣҲ˵ͨһ⡣
ĿһۣȻɵĵȻɽŸʱ䣬ôҲ˵ͨûеԭҪʱ䣬ſ԰Ȼĳȥ
ǣǵʳ棬ֻά첻Ҫ죬ôʣµ죬ȥʲôѵţ
ôһͣȵ뷨
Ƿ׷ѰҸԵĿ꣬ЩΪ£ûпܴͨˣȫ˵Ŀھǳһ£Ա˵ɣǶشһ䣺ΪǺãʡĽǡ
ʵͨؿġͨʺҪ󶼷ǳ
ͨǿ͹۲ϸģôȻԷ֣еİء㲻ϸģôֻܰŶǿ·
ϣֻһǧ׸߶ȵͨʵĸ߶ȣֱʣɽŵɽλӡ
Ҳ˵ǽҪߵ֮ϵɽš
յƣͨſһԪʦ졣
죡
жٸſΪʣµ죬ûʳιȥ
һᣬ˶ռʳǷ׷·
ߺ½ͨڵλãѧϰ˵ʳߡ
ȻǵĿأΪʳϣ̭Լŵˡ
һŪͨλãƬƬ
Դˣһֱעģ侳ľӢӣ׷׿ıӰﲻѡ
ţһ֮߳ȥ
ԴһҲųˣһ·ǰͣʩչܿͳԽһٶȲſ
˵ٶȣϵļӿ죬׷ϵҲԽԽࡣ
˼Сʱ֮ſѾʼͣóʳ׼ˡ
Ϊܼһ죬ʳͻһˡ
Ÿ߶ȲϵǰҲԽԽϡ١
ʱҵĶӣҲ˼ӻ֣Է극ڸ·
ϣ˷׷óԼһʳȻƷ
Ϊ˰ȫȻСʳã˷һˮһסľٶ΢Цŵǵʳ㹻ģǸʡʹʹĳ԰ɣ
˵ҲϸʣֱӴڴڵĳ
ʮ֮һ˼·ող˵ٶȣҲӦ࣬ܿͳһˣ˵һݶ档
ܿ͹ȥҹ
ȻͨĶˣȻûг˵ǰͺǸԹһһ棬ҲƽⷽôԶ޷߳ȥ
Ѿ½˳ԹԼʳʼ뼢״̬
ͬһʱ䣬ͨ棬Ҳ½һЩľơкܶˣʼԼͬ
һ֮ڣ
һЩˣͽʳԹ⣬ɢͨ氧
Դʵ⡣
ȻǰʱͻȻ治ʵǵһ꣬ĿĻعֱһɨ
һĺܿ죬Ҳܹ죡
ûзĻôضᱻһ롣
ȻһӵзˣתʱѾץĻ


48 
ô࣬ǳһˣΣʱ򣬻ɳʲô顣
ֱӽԷɨ䣬ȻʵǶȥ
ܶʼϵǰ
һЩ۵ˣչ鷳
Ϊ̫ǿ˿ԴݵӦ
Ȼͨʱͨڵı仯
öҿҪˣ
ˣȥҪˣҪҲҪɽˡ
ɱҰɣûгԶָоʵ̫ܣ̫ʹˡ
裬ҪԺ⣡
֣Ұ۰ĶӣҪˡ
ҪΪɽŵĵӣһҪȥҲܶҲܡ
һʱ䣬ͨ棬һŹֵ
İ£ͨø䣬¥֮ϣҲûš
ͻȻȾһΪĽ£һѪԵֱۣ
ֱ۵Χ֫ѪģİڷڵϣЩ֫壬ģ
ȵ˾ֵĶһۣ˶Էеĺ¡
̾ϢһһʵǣһѵڿʼҪעˣΧʱΣա
κһİˣҪСӦԣǧҪˣ롣
ף
һĭȵ˼
һףһ
һǧףһϢأ
Ҳ֪˶Զߵλá
֮ˣüˣͨĻأֻϢɱĳ档
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ΪǶȥϸۿĻҲͻ֣ᷢǸŮ˵ָ׺ָܳף棬ֻҪһͱּѪӶɥ
˵һ£ȻĿļǵľѾ⡣ֻҪܻȥǳԼϵ⣬ԼϵѪҺҲԸ⡣

ͨĲпᣬܼܲȥͿ͹۲
ⷬǲԼôˡ
ǲʶôڵЩˣ޼
ҲΪˣǶҲ͸ӵĸм
һˣ½ǰǰ
ʱ䲻ϵƣеʳҲڲϵļ١
ǰһľҲģҲںڣڵλãΪʲôһЩʳͲõģûʳˡ
ȻûкҩֻϣĴ£Ծ߳ͨ
һ죡
ǽͨĵ죡
ͨʱԪʦҶſ߳
ǵԪ죬ôҪȥҪʱ䡣
˵˵֮ͶΧʯڹۿȻһۿ֮ԼϤʯڡ
Щʯڣһʯͷġ
ʯͷУǳʯ
ͨǰʹõʯͷʯ
һ·Ϊʵ̫ˣ첻ϣĽ֣˷١ʯһַ٣ô̾ͻᱻݻ١
Ψصǳʯſھ֮ϱ
ǳʯޣɽһĲҲࡣǳʯĸ߶ȣֻвһס
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뵽ˬʵĴЦһȻȳǰȥ
ʱǸողǵ棬ٶҲĿ졣
ܿͳˣЩżƣͣǿǰ̵Ůǡ
Ȼ·̲ϵ̣һ⣬Զ׵ʯ֮ϣӰɫӰӡ
һĻغˮڣڿˡ
֣ҸλĿܡ
һʩչȫ죬ٶȵųڵλñȥ
ΨԾɲ첻ĸǵ
ˣҲûн׿Զľ롣
ৣ
һƿյˣͨһɭ֡ɭ棬ֵ
ܶ඼ǳȣûп֡
ոճͿʦ֣һϣߣһЩķˡ
ϲǣ˳Ĺˣ
һˣ÷˰ɣ


49 ɽŴ
Ȼһķˣǻθڴ󶯵ġ
ϾǰʳһӲûʲôζ
ܳһʢķˣǵҲ泩ܶࡣ
ֻϵķ̫ˣͺһҪԼȥѡѡúʵķ֮ڻȥá
ˣͨ棬һˣԲ̫˳ԵĶࡣ
ԴˣһԹۿܺĵΪʲôԵأ
ˣںܱ
ֵԼĶƤȻϧˣϵķˡ֪ôʢķˣҾͲЩˡ

˵ƿԣǵһΣ
ʮ֮
½м˵ſֱ֮ͨϣЩʢķˣֻϧõķˣùĶˡ
ˣһʱ棬ȥĿˡ
ͨ棬ʱ̶ڱѵ״̬һСģͱԱ·͵ϮϾͨ棬˳⡣
֮󣬲û硣
ʩչΧԪⲹȱΪÿһԪһ֮ٴۣһΪġ
ȻĬĬת֮£̽ΧԪսԼ档
Ǹɽŵɽ֮ء
ӵеԪԶԶϣЩԪϡĳʩչյԪҲֻʮҵķΧ
޷½һһ֮䣬ΧԪ
֮ԪͺһԭӣһӣϵԪںϣȻڷѣںϡ
һֱظţŲϵɣƣ룬Ҳʧһɶ
һȥˣ
˳Էͷ㣬ʱ䶼
ڵڶ賿ڵϢŨˡת䣬ԪǿҲһΡ

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и˲ѵʱ򣬳ƿţ߽֣㲻ȥ𣿡
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ѾͻˣʱҪͻƣôܡ
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ǸУҸ˵ղһСӣʱ۶Ǵʲô󷹲ˣֱſϣһʯͷеˡ
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⡭
ǶǷ
ӥձӵĿһۣȻſԼĴ죬ѪԵĵڸҷϻҲԵ

̱ͣ
漴ӥվˣȥչأϢȥˡ
Сȥ֮ͨ½˳Щ˵ٶȶܿ죬һͽΧϵķ˰Բˡ
˿һ֣ȻͿʼΧ۹
ϾɽŵɽλãҲǽ⿪ɴĵһ㡣
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ʱ򣬴źһĦŴ򿪻򿪣һԪŵӣ߳ȵʲôˣ


50 ɽ
һۣ漴Ŀǰ֮ϣһΣμӿŵӵˣ
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Ψ꿴˿Ҳɽŵŵӣ

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治֪ιɽţȻɽţΪСȨ֮ء
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Ͽµӣֻһɼ򵥵ʵȻҪ֪ǽˣôȻڽḶ́۲ÿһŵĵӣʲôŵ㣬ʲôƣĳɾΣһۡ
ۣɽŵĵǱۣ԰ۣݵˣԼӪ֮СֻϵɣȻǿı۰򣬲ſǵԶɽ˿Ժ
Щ飬ֻи߲к壬ŰСе塣
뿪֮еſһѵŪſĿƨһˡ
ŰУû̫ãһ·ɽźȥ
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ھͷ׻ʯʱſŵӣɴ˿ɼͷ׻ĵô׶
ɽŵפأжô󣬾Ҳ̫
֮һ󵺣ڵϵɲݣҩץһ꣬ͿƵҩ
ɽŵĵҩǳ㣬ȫ֧ɵʹá
ɽţֻҪʧȥפأͲ̳
ɽ֮󣬾һƬïֵɭ֣ɭ棬ޣǿ󵽣侳侳
Щǿޣϵ˶ƽԭ
ˣɽ֮󣬲ûпֲޣɧǵİȫ
һᣬɽ۾档
Űָɽɽɽŵĺ򣬷ֱɽ壬壬壬׷壬ʥˮ塣
ʥˮǸŵӺ۵ӾסĵطŰ漴ָһߵķ׷׷壬ŵӣҪסĵط
ڸոչ˵һأҪеڶصĲԣڻŵӣ޷׷塣
ŰָŲԶһǳɽͷǸСɽͷ壬Ҫвԡ
һ˼Ҵң塣
ֻڵλãһķŮٰĵϣ˱Լָ


51 ڶأ֮
ȿȣ
Űм򵥿һ
漴ϣһĵŮֱֱ壬һŰеϣСˣҵ㣬ȵĶˡ
Ҫഺʧѣʱʧѣįʧѡ
ŰпЦһȻָָǸ˵ʦ㣬ǻҪ죬£һ˽в
ҲգȺСһҲ޷ϢŮһ·زȻһĿŲԶſһ쿼ŵӵ棬ôûһ˧أ
ʦ㲻һᣬȻֱ߽ɽڲ
ŰпӰһۣ︶ҪǴү㣬һǹ⣬ڴϣúû㡣
ߣϹʦ㡣
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һˣܿһ޴ʯͷԱߡ
ʯͷǳԽĿ⴩͸ȥ
Ȼϣûʲôĵطʵʯͷǳļ̣ȫʢʱڵҲ޷顣
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֮۵Ĳ棬һ⻬棬ͺһȻγɵľһֻҪʦҽԼΪע֮ڡ
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ӥղ֮󣬾ͱŰˡ
ӥ֮½˼ƷĲſʶӥղ࣬û̫ȡ
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һͳӥձȻһָӵĵһƷϵȣʲôֵþȵġ
˵գͽԼΪһ͸뾵֮ڡ
һᣬͲ˱仯һ˫۵С֣ͳھ֮ڡ
Уֻһֻ֣ʲôţƵġ
Ȼ˸ո˵꣬ͿӰַ˱仯˫ȣ˫ţͷ­ͷҲɼ
Ʒµȣ
һʱ䣬еˣ
ƷԴ֮󣬵һμƷʵš
һֱڼ¼Ĺʦ㣬ֱӴϱŰеüĲˣߣʦĹ

ڹʦŰһҲ⣬ֱӽӥһԣȻֱֱۣȥ
ȥ֮󲻾ãΧʶˣ
ǸʶԯĴˡ˵壬ǰһ侳ľ֡
ֲãȻ侳棬ѹôأ
ţǼ壬ԯ岻ԶҼԯҴʱĳ档ʮλʮµſȵĵһգԯС
Ŷԭԯ
꣬Ҫ֣ܰ˭֣ôȻǺޡ
еһôǷеڶأ
һʱ䣬ҶȴĽ
Ȼȴ˺ʧȻûгһƷĵӣƷˣҲûڳ֡

ʱһֱͷ¼Ĺʦ㣬һļ
ǰһȻƽĽԼΪͽ뾵档

ȵˣ׷׹עžı仯
һӹȥ
ʮӹȥ

жʮӹȥˣžۿǣĬˡ
Ҳ֪Ĭ˶ãͻȻһЦΪǼ֤һƷʵĵϣ˿仯ҲûУҲ˵Ʒµȵʶǡ
˵ԯһ漣ôһ漣һûʵ漣
ʾȻƷǣ治֪һôõŵġһĵĵ
Լˡ
ʦ㲻ˣһᣬջĿʲ
һ


52 Ǭͼ
ʣʣֻһһ
ԹҲкܶˣƷʣȴûӦΪ
кܶˣӵƷʣȴ֮·
յĳɾͣҪŬ
֮˿û١
οԼһǴ˵еơ
ϾǾһԼĵطھʲôط⣬Ҫоˡ
֮󣬳ȣµҲ׷׿ʼԡǵĳɼϲˣǵƷʡ
˶õӦĹעŰ̸һСʱ
̸۵ʲôûѯʡ
ȥʱͨһأһ˰ٶˣȫϡ
ɲ֮󣬳һƷƷϵʵˣŰֱ֮⣬˶ڳ֮УȴеصĿ顣
ڴͬʱʦãֻص˴˵ء
ֻһΣ˻ʱһ
ӣҷǳء
һ֣ʹռԪҵĲ
յɽţؿ飬ֻǶԸһЩƷޣۿӦԾƷޣʲôĳɼȻ¼һ¾͸㶨
һΣȥĵزͬҲ˺档
ӹʦ㽿ЦŵλʦܣǶ֪ĵزԣĵأԷе㲻һ

ʦŻȻֱһ˦ʱһɽˮ
棬ɽˮ˼ң
Ȼһۿ͸о棬һǿ
Ǭͼ
ʦ㸧һ»ȻĵǬƷһǬͼҲһֿռ䴢ıǬͼĿռӴ󡣾ͺ棬װһ½
֮УеѾ׹ˡأǬͼĿռ䣬ʵսеˣһУȻѰҵʮöƣͿ߳Ǭͼ
ʮöиԵıšһţţšһֱʮšõֵʮöһʮţһһöſ뿪
еһЩˣѣֻһˡΪ˷ֹףһὫͶڲ֮ͬڡһǾͱսſԻơ

һЩˣһ
ȻЩʦһҲû⡣Ŀ˸ĵʦ壬ʲôԸ
ǺǣʦҷԸʦأƤЦⲻЦģŹʦ෴ӦǴϣʲôŶԡ
ڸղţһ˵ϣѾ棬һƷʣƷϵʵв˲ţ
Ǻǣû취֮ӣһʦҪΪͽ;ʦ¡
ߣ
ʦܣǲǱȽϻʦôоĺ̫·أ

Цһ˵
ʦ㿴һۣȻת˵ȻѾˣôǾͶǬͼɣ

ƺΪ˱֣һ꣬ڹʦ㻰µʱǰӦһŽǬͼ
һ룬̾ͱ˹ע
ϾǬͼǶûнȥҲû˵˱ȽϺ档
һȥǬͼͷ˷츲صı仯˵ĵطǶһˡ
ˣǸղǬͼꡣεһᣬͻȻˢ³һͷµͷޡ
ͷޣֱӴһ֣Ԫ꣬̽ԼĶӣȻﳤȥ
ʱʦæӱʣһк棬деȣս£ͨ
ʱ򣬵ڶ꣬ѾС
ǰӣȥ֮СӦԡ
ͬǸͷޣӦԵʱ򣬾ʹ࣬ܣһãҲûܡ
Ȼʱ½˽ȥ֮С
ˣԽԽ࣬ͷ޵Ҳڲϵӡ˺ȥˣĽľˡ
˱ȽϿǿǰĵӣҲ˼
˰죬µü⻭ޣҲǾƷޣ򲻿ô棬ԾƷޣЩ棬ֻļˣſӦԡ
Ԫˣûа취Ӧԡ
飬ǲ̫ˣ
ǳĺҡҡͷʱѾеŵƷףǹ̶ġϸһ֣ᷢԸޣͶԸޣеԲܶࡣ
ƺġ
һ飬ŻڶóԽ޵Ĵڡǰˣ֮ܵ죬ֻ˵̫ˡ
ǾƷޣôҾоһս򶨵ĵ
鵭ĵ棬ȫԸͺã̫ġ


53 
ǬͼĿռжô󣬿ֻ߲
ռ֮ͷǰһϷ꣬ĿĶԼ
Ϸߣһͷ뺷ޣ
濴һǬͼޣͷÿһͷ̺һԪأͷֱǣ磬ˮ
ȻϷ꼴սʱ֡
໣
Ϸ꾯ʱ򣬶ͷޣҲͷֱХһȻȥ
һʱһ췭ظĸо
Ʒ۷ޣ
Ϸֻ꣬ԪΪ
Ҳ˵޵ƷףñĶ֣ôһƷס
ʣԪ죬ôĶ֣ԪƷ۷ޡ
ȻϷܾ裬԰ƷͷޣҲòȫԸ˲ʩչԼĲʼתŲơ
ڴͬʱԼߣͻȻһܿ
ţһͷƷ۷ޣƾճߣֱ˺ҧ˹
ΪʲôޣҪͣһڹΨľƷ۷ޣһͶ֣
Ȼȴû˿Իش⡣
أ
˼£һͷеһԴ֮ϣһײ
ͷޣǿĻ
ĽֹһֵޣڤУҪǿʢ֣Ѿֻ̤侳һˡ
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侲˼һ£Ȼ˿ͷÿһιҵͷ޹λãоĺô
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飡
ֶ˼ȭͷƷޣֱӱ
漴һźľƷ۷ޣԼ׾Ŀ϶һѽϵƣ档
һ飡
ͺһȫ
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СܵܵպΪϿɣֻϧ̫ˣΪҲߵ侳һ졣
뵽ͬһʱ䣬˻࿴˶Էһۡ
ʦܡ
ʦ㣬һԡˬʵĴЦһȻʦ㣬ôһѾһƷƷϵȵšҲѡѡ˲ˣҿʦܵʾͲһˡ
Ȼʦܣ˿ôʦҲͲǿˡʦ̷ˣΪһոʵĵӡչ涨һҲ룬ѡʲĵӡ
ѡôͿĵһ
ʦˬĴӦʦöһۣƺ̫Ϊʲô
Ͼǣûпʱ龰֪ʣԤҪ̫ࡣ
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æתȥ鿴һ
Ȼ֣նɱһУչợֻ˲ʮӵʱ䣬һ¼
ռ֮û̳ȥǼѰһĿꡣ


54 ٸʮ
ȻǬͼ棬ɱ¾Ƶƺܶſ棬ΪһѰ׹ǡʵſǬͼ棬ɱ֮󣬶ᱻͳҵõɽŵľΡ
ɽŵҩȻֻһôԿԱ֤ˡ
һ㣬идģ
ڽǬͼʱѾеĺ塣
Ǭͼ棬ϵߣЩ޺ſսѹȣӶԼͻƣ
ѾԪڣôʱԽ۷壬Ӷͻƽ졣
ΪͻƵʱ䣬벻ϵսս
ǬͼɾһϼѵսսӾѹȸУͬʱҲԲõˣˣɽŸΣԺѹ
໣
Ȼ㣬Ҳб˵ʱ
ռʮƵʱͷƷ۷ޣΧˡ
ÿһͷƷޣԶսһԪˣοͷأ
Ǭͼ֮⣬һſһĻߣ군ˣһͱͳˣš
һǬͼҵôƣҲͻ֮ʧȥһûа취ռƣһǵ׵Ļɫˣ
ϣɵǸŵļһ

˵ļͳЦУûΪͷƷޣԼΧʹӶ෴ͷƷ֮󣬷ӵ˷ܡ
ûгˣֱӳͷ޵ĺĴ˹ȥ
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飡
죬ͷƷޣֱ˿
ͷƷ޵Ķͷ֮ϣһѪۡ෴Ҳһץۣ˺ۡ
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սݺݵһԼظȻͷ޳ȥ
飡
һײεĽһμһһΨһͬĵط壬ܵ˺ࡣ

ͷƷ޵ĳԪ۷ʦҲ޷ֿĸغϰɣʦãɵѯʵ
ţҾ۷ʱ򣬶ԶսƷ۷ޣҲֻʤһ侳һΪͷ޵ĺҲҪһˡĬĬĵͷĿңѾ棬ͷƷ۷ޣսʮغˡ
ľܷḻΪսһ
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ӵս츳ˣʣôҲǵƷΡˣȻƷЩĳɳҲ㹻άһķˡ
뵽ȷԼ뽫õ֡
ȻһߵĹʦ㣬ҲڻɣԼǷԵʱ򿴴ˣһӵս츳ˣôһʶûеɫ
̫ʹˣ
Ǭͼ棬쳤Цһ
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ͨ
ͷǿޣһ˲ήˡ
ǿ֧һ£ȻûվǼ̵ĶͷЩеĵطҲĳһ˿Ѻۡ
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ĽղŻţˣһ԰ף׷תȥҼۿеıȶ
Ȼ֮еƺȻ֡
ΪûͻƣҪսҪѹ
Ǭͼ֮Ĺʦ㣬ȴܴ̼ˣֱӴһӣһԪ͸Ǭͼ档
漴һֱ֣ͨӽǬͼ棬Ѱ޶ս
侳Ϊʵ
ձʦͨ飬˳Ϊŵӡ
һʱ䣬еſĿⶼˡ
ԭǵĽǵҫǵԴ󣬶ڿսʱʧӰ١
֮Ǭͼٸʮӣһͻơ


2 ɽ


55 һ
һˣ
߬ȭͷŭţ
ͬʱʦһУǬͼ棬ֵļſҲ˳
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ҶԽԽˣ
ȵĻ̾Ϣһ
еܺܶܶ࣬ϧȴûˣԼʵ̫ʹˡ
һüͷǿЦʲôܣֻһӳʦ
𣡡
ȻһЦתȥ
ڴͬʱͳµҲչݺݵһƥ

һߣʦҵš
ΪηֹΣµŵӣִ
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׵ΪһΪӢӣôȻĹϵһЩ׵Ĺһľѧ
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˰Ϥļ䣬ѡԼȥ׵ʱסСݡ
ڣİ裬ȥһһипѡûڶ߳Сݡվһ£ɽڵķ򣬵һˣ֪𣿡


56 źٲ
ۣ͵Ųɣ

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ȻһʱƵĵҶģһȥٲ̹򡣡

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Ҫ֪֪֮ϢǻʮԪͨһŵӣȡϢ
ҲֱһԪȻָŲԶһٲûʦٲ棬׼һῼĵ𣿡
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ǰ
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¸һٲ
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µٲ
컳Ӣٲ


һ£ֵ
׼Ҫٲʱ򡣾ͼû߹Ǳ㣬͸һźٲɣ


57 ʣµǸأ
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ķԸʱеɵۣһᣬŷӦ
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ûʲôõģʮּᶨĵǬͼ棬սͷƷޣʵ磬޷ܾźٲǻؼȢϱȥأ
⡭
û⣡վһԵҲǹԼԼӦ̾ͻᱻߡ
ôһԼصɽžûˡ
Ȼܵ۹һЩɣЩɣӵеԴ͵伮ɽšȥɽ޷άͻҪĵҩԪ
ɽţҪɽţԼĵλӶӣõص
뵽ˣһֱźٲ
ȥıӰɺʦ֣ȥ˺ٲɣ
УûôʱˡŴȣѾֻʣ²ʱˡ֮ڣ׵һ֧֧̾ϢһȻǷϵһʯͷ֮ϣıӰȻҶ֪׵ǱҲпŴϣǶʮǿˡ
̫ΪҲֻԪ찡
ǣҵȻ֪ĵͷ͵ΪʲҲҪȥźٲѹôͻơһͻƣԪ죬ľս츳ȻԺͷǰһһ
壬ܳסźٲ𣿡
ûµģʵڼֲסһְæġ˵һ仰۾ĸصɺ
һԵɺһۣȻתȥ
ڴͬʱѾİ֮£Ͼźٲ
ʦܣȻ֪Ϊʲôʦ֣ᰲҪܼסô㽫ĳɾͣȻŬɣ
ллʦ֣ӦһȻһˣ߽ٲ档
ոսٲ棬͸оȻ֮ǹɿֲѹ
Ϣˮ£

һһ
ĳ£αˡ
Ȼɳǰߣһһƽء
֮
漴תķմԪȹ壬ٲԼɡ
飡
ȻһٲɨǱˡ
ڵϣ˰죬Ŵӵ

£
ٵ£
ҧȻš
һʱ֮󣬺ܶѾ޷֣׷뿪ٲʱϢһᡣ
Ȼڼ֣ͺԸһʲôطˤҪʲôطԶ
죬ɵأ
ԽضɵȻҸոڣһССٲ޷赲ǰŲġ
Ŵܸ٣һԺ
ΧĴԪ˫ȣȹԼ塣
Ҳ֪ȥãͻȻоԼϵѹһɣ漴ʯ̨֮ϡ
ͬʱһֽץֱٲĶ԰
ˣѵ
ԭͷԳ֣Լٲӻ
ʵϣֽԼ
ôԼ޷߻ˣΪźٲ˼ʱ̣ŪѾһա
֮ԣܼ֣ҲֻƾԼĿڵһ֧Űˡ
Ѿɢȥ̵ڵϡ
ʱһ֮Լ档漴ɺǺʦ֣ʵһֱڹעı֡ͺղţ֧ʱ̳һ
ĬȻĵͷû˵ʲô
ˣȥϢɣɺкһ£ͳµˣ˹Ȼȥ
һᣬ˻صס
ס֮ڴϵ̵ٲѾоǷ˵ŰˡСھźٲ棬ôʱ䣬Ƿడ
ϴǿµҲһƥ
һЦȻ̱Ŀ񣬻ָ
ȻʱͻȻһҵԪһ꣬ͷСݣʱ۾һϽǴ磡
磿
ͳµһۣȻһ˳ȥ
Ǹո߳Ϳ߰˸һŵӣ£һĿߡ
ͳµǸĿˣ̵ʣµǸأ


58 һ˻ˣ1
ԣһأ
ǸСڸʲôϽǴ磿
ˣһò֪úýѵһ٣ǲ֪ϰס
ã
ͿԿĳǰЩˣһһŵӡ
ЩһŵӣʲģǱ侳ˡѾȥִɽ񣬲֮еѹͻ侳ˡ
ɽʣµˣһЩΪߣֻûʲôǱˡ
վǰЩˣߵΪҲԪ۷塣ڶʮңΪһ㣬ľҲܲ
˵ʵڵģЩˣԼϡ
һŵӣɽϵͳԴķȫɣȻͣڰľ磬ʵ̫ˡ
ŵӣһרŵķۡ
棬һơһЩֵߣֻһƣһߣôǸոռɽšǼ꣬ꡭơ
˵ھ۷壬ôҲû˵ʲôȺһŵ棬Ǹһ֣Ȼɽţ꣬Ȼڰ۷壬Ǿʵ̫ˡ
벻ŵ棬ҲķĻؾһ䡣
µһۣȻһǰʱ䣬ҾԿ죬侳
ţʵ̫ˡ
һŵˣǻǵһ
֮ǼȻЦ
Ȼǵʲ̫ãҲûʲôϽģǱϾɽţΪŵӣҲǵʦ֣ǵǰˡ
һ󱲣ôǰ˵
ֱǷˣ벻̡
ʺһˣ
һȽϿ꣬һԼļ⣬Ҹǣţ׵ҪǵĹذ¡ҲԼļ壬ʲôĵλжչˣҲҪţǻҲҪҶš
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κһطʵ
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Ҫ֪˵Ǳ޵ģ˵ĳЩ棬ͻ߳һӢӣΪϸ֡
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Ϊ̬ţÿһʱ򣬶ᱻЩ۸һ١
ҲҲǻһЦȻֱǰһǸ۷ͷֻһˣһͨʦ
ǣҵҫҲκһ۸ң
һŵҲһǿ뿪ˣҶ֣һӳȥ
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Сӣ𣿡Է˿ûжŭӣһƽĵԹŵˣʲô³
ܼɽŵˣȻҲɵӡͬһ磬õĵõôڣսʤ۷壬Ҳûʲôѹ
ȺͷĴ磬һ죬ȻָԼֱߣһͬԪ۷Ĵ󺺵Ӯ磬ȥָһ£λʦܣȺ˵ʵΡ
ӮǸղǸĺӣԴǺܴϻۣ˲ûֱ̫࣬վ˳ȥ
˾ǰ۸ġ
۸ˣǰСӣҲס
СӣһȭӮǿ׳ѧϰǹ̻壬ҽʩչ
Ȼһȭʩչ֮󣬶ʱ硣
һͨԪʦһȭôҪ죬ſϡ
ӮһȭӰϣҲҪһ졣ǸСӣһᱻɵģʱ֪ôˣ
Ӯ磬ɵȺӣ֪ˣӦô
ȻǸӮ͵ʱȴֶ죬ɫ漴ļ⣬Ľǣ˲۳һֽӡ
һǷˡһԵĳµǶǳ˽ģжôĿֲ
ಣ
ֱȭ׺ݵԼĶ֡


59 һ˻ˣ2
׺ݵײһ
۵
Ժһ
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ǶӮ磬ȴʱ۽˫֣Ѿķղŵһȭһܡ
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ӮΪѾֱ׷Լ
ԼӮսͷţԼҲһʤ
Ҳ˵ԼҲǸ˵Ķ֡
뵽ͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼֵǣˣթ
ղŴҶˣӮûʹȻǸСӣȻʩչ͵ϮӮ磬Ӯܡ
һСˣʵ̫ɶˡӦΪӮ縴𣬺úõĽѵһԲԣ
ԣ̺
ǻʲôϣ
ͷĿ⣬ڻָ
ΪĹĶ֮£ʤ죬һˣթСˡ
ʦҪսսĹҪôԲãûѡ
սʱ򣬲չ涨ЩƻˣȻҪܴҵŭȻЩˣѾԸʶ䣬ȻʦĻ涨Ϊ涨Ѿǵĵ硣
ʮˣ˲佫ͳµΧ档
ͬʱԶһľݶ֮ϣĿǰһĻվߵɺǵĵ𣿡
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±ǣжʮˣǣһƣҲˡ
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ҪúõĻȥҪϵԼΪ

Сӣ䣬ֱӸӮʦܿһͷôҲǲԭ㣡
ԣСӿͷ
ͷͺúýȺɵļһ
µɫһ۷ΪȻԶսˡҪһˣս죬ôһúܲҡ
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ˣһЦʮΣֵʱС棬߳һӰ
ȿȣ
װһ£ݲȵ߳û뵽ҸոճΪŵӣͿԿôֵĳ棬Ǻǣ
Сӣڳˣղͷһ۵ˣǰһ·
Ҳȥģ
΢΢һЦȻƽ͵ߵ˵ߡ
ôͳµͿԷˡϾǶսˣսʤԷ
Ψһǵĵ飬ָΣ
ûлָôޱ޼ʵԪҲҪΪ¡
СӣȻˣôҲһǴһͷɣ
һߣһԪˣаЦһ˹ͷǾͶ֣סͷļơ
ߣƽ£򡭡
ƽȴһɲɣ޷ΥλϢ
˼ʮɽţһϻ۵ȺŵӿԵֿġ
Ϣ֮£ͷ亹
Ǵ磬Ⱥ˵ͷ죬ʱˣôԺţ׵Ҳ޷̧ͷˡ
Сӣͷүһ
ಣ
ֻһɫɫӰӣ˲ͷ硣
أ
ǰ󲻹һʱ䣬Ǹͷ˵ϣĽų죬ֱ˹ȥ࣬һԵȭۡ
һȭ䵹һ۷ˡ
һĻеһӣĺˡ
ȻʱҲУҲСһʱ䣬Ҳ֪Ӧʱ
Ϊһŵ棬ͷ磬Ŀǰ˵Ӯŭһ
һ壬ٶʧ
һֻ̣оԼĸʹſͷߣҲ޷վ
ǰ󲻵һӣԪ۷һŵӣȫڵϡ
ˣҪҵһ𣿡
ѯʵͺһǲǰһһСģӮһڵǿɾͶˡ
ȺˣѸٵľһ
ǲǴ㷴ˣһӮ˵صλáڲ֮ϣȻһ̣ǱӴܶȥ
ȥʱһΪһŵӣ˺Ⱥ֪ߵغˣǸ֪ŵĸӡ
Űɣȴ֮󣬾ȺС˵ĩգ
һ˻ˣǼôͲˣˣһ䣬ȻתصԼСݣȥȺȥŵӵıӰ


60 ̵ҩ
죬һŬԪ׼ͻƣ
һ߰Ҫƴ
Ľ£֮󣬾źٲʧȥá
ΪһЩѹͻƷʽͻơ
ԺҲõĿ϶
żһͻƾļҪ㡣лԪһ㱻顣
ϾˣҪۺԪֻſԳõڿзС
Ԫۺ񣬴ֲôΪ죬Ҳֻһڵ汼۵ľ죬û塣
һգ
ϣǾȥ׵Ľ״ȥ
һô˵һЩԻϰʵķɣߣҲͻƾ죬кܴá
Ϥļ䣬һŽгȥ
׵ĽгȻ׵ŵӣ£һŪĽгȻгʵֻʮλϾĵŵӣ̯
¼׵ŵӣһЩֵĶĽ׻ǻ𱬡
ȻλǺܶ࣬Ǹֲϣҩһһġ
ֻҪǮôԪҪĶǼŪ
ĶȻŵӺáϧ˵㣬һ嶼ûС
Ҫ֪ڵĻۣȫ֧侳
ԸҪЩŵʹõҩͱС
һȦȥʱͻȻֲԶһ̯λûʲôȥۿ̯λ֮ϵĶҲȷʵûʲôֵһЩдε鵤
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Ǹ̯λûżѯʣǾĹۿһᡣ
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ģ
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ЦһѲдεĵҩ˵Ǻõⲻƭˣƾûƭˡ
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һһҩ̯΢ЦŻӦ
һŵӣԴƶżˣһ˰ģдƷƷҩֲ塣һߣһ۲ŵӲĵ
һԪ޷ӣƽʧʮƽǸʦܻȥȷ˵ҩһһ
أ
Լ̯λϵĶȫȻһƽĵҪȥִҪȥ¡»ǸСӣǴʱˡ
СǺﾫһ
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61 
صԼСݣ
Ǹдεĵҩֱ˫ָһŪ˷ĩ÷紵ߡ
ȻŽ̵ĵҩ棬ϸۿһ¡
ҩȻϿûʲôʵĵطʵһ֣Ƶ˼壬һҩ㲻ԪˣҲԷ
ȻõҩĽ֮󣬷еĸ߶ȺٶȣĲࡣ
˵ʱԷѾ㹻ˡ
һƵļֵһƽֻʮȻ©ˬ
΢΢һЦȻ󽫷ƵԼĿǻ֮С
һʱһɹɷԪ͸֫ٺ

賿
ֵʵвѵӣ
һŵӣۼڲʱ
һȴûгԭеλáı飬ڵ˼㣬һܲ⣬ַѵΪ
ɺ֪뷨ָųµȥڸʲôȻûѵ
μѵôΪ׵ĸȨȥɽߣһꡣ
壡
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ɽɽţͷӵĳ
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ȻʱͻȻָգŴͣĵɣˡ
˵һеڶ
˶յʱݽ̨ϵŲĿһգȻһҪȻڿлж
ѵһϲͻˣ۾һŵӡ
ɺҲһᣬȻŵԣûͻƣһһǷĳ֣Էеĵҩ
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ڵϣ˼һ¡
ַƵȷʵܺãǰУܵԪǲ̫˷еʱ޷ȫλٿء
̵̳ķУӦûʲô⡣
֮Ϳ첽㳡֮ԣԼλá
һۣû˵ʲô˽Ĳ
Ըָ֮ˣѸٿʼѵΨ÷Եҩˣ
ţ֪ȣʵͦԼģǽԼι򵽵ҩ˶Ǯһһ¡
Ľͣɫ΢һ㡣
ƵĺôǿԷУûиá
ûиãôҲûѵĽˡ
תȥˣȥıӰܸоƺҪʲô鷢
Ȼ˵ôʱ徲ġ
ǰԼĵطʼһѵ
ҹĻٵʱſʼϢ
ʦҪԷģ֮󣬾ͺ죬µǰʳáҵ˼ˣúò
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էӵеĽޣҪҩؼֻܳʳ
һĸ˾Χһӣ
һ߳ţһĽɰ
֪𣿽ͷˣ¹˶ã׵ŵӣʶˡ׵ŵ֮Уһ˰
ǰ컹мСӣҶʶôûʲôɾƵġǽ죬һɣȫˡµһڲˣͬĽ
ǵĽġ
࣬һֱ½ϡ
ǿɣܽ󺣺Ρ
Ϊ뷨Żоַѧ÷Դգ¹硣
Լǰһڷ˳Թ⣬ŵֻҪǽ죬Ժ÷ԣôǶԷУ

ȻʱΧŵӣ׷뿪Լλһŵȥ
ǵȥһʼû⡣
ӮĴɤţʳ֮ʱףΪʲôЩŵӣ˿־ˡ
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һôȻû˻
ԲһĹʳ֮ڣֻʣˡ
Сӣϴδһ٣һһҪͷĴ磬ҲǺ±룬ԼϴαеĵطҪʮ֪ҵ³ǶôĿ¡
Сӣ
վں±ߣһϰʮ꣬˵ֻһˣֵҳ֡


62 ׵ȭ
һκ±࣬ûŪһѰ׸ŵӡ
ֻˣǰ
ˣֱӮ磬꣬ԼһԪڵꡣ
Ȼ棬±ͷġ
ϣҲԿĳǸ꣬ǿһЩǾڵŵӡǰһЩ飬һЩˣӶ±ӡ
±룬Ҳһͨŵӡ
Ҳ֣ó¼˵ʵ¼ңɽŵ˲٣໥֮һҲһɲС
󲿷ֳ¼ҵӵܣǰ˷
׵ߣճµ˵¼ֻдСèֻ
ȻҲûָ¼ҵ԰Լ
Ͼһ;ջҪԼſԲϵĽĳΪһ֡
Ĭ±뻹ΪˣСӣ磬Ҫúýһ£֪ʲôϰףĿ˵Ը񣬽ҪԿġ
Ӯ磬ΪСʦܵδ룬ҿȥһٸӣ֪Լʲôط
ҪʩչȫǵСʦܣΪ㲻ָ
Ͼ±һΣһԪڵŵӡ;죬ȫûпɱԣһκһ˶
ҲףԾķԼʵǿҲ޷ȥս
Ȼ±ȴڲ֮ǰѾã˷ƵԼ򵥵ķС
һ¾ˡ

ڸ˵еƣ΢΢һЦǸ˵ôʦʹشˣһֱϰ׵ģôܲ𾴸λʦءȻλʦ֣˵ҲأôҽͶأúøλʦ֣ɽǡ
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׼֣±һ£Ǻסʦ֣һʦܰΪʱĴ⣬Ƚѵһ٣ȻʦǸ
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ǳƶһҲϤټϳưĲУҲ³ٱסӶһʩչȫѵǶ˿ɾͶˡ
ãҸѹúýѵһ١ĳƣĿ絶һɨҽ֫ϣҲ֮У
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ɽʦԪʱ򣬴Ʒ˵ʦȭھʱͻһ侳ʦ
ɴ˿ɼƷǷǳɹ۵ġ
׵ȭ
±һΪģһɲõĹâ
ͺһƶ̫Χ档
ڴͬʱϵ̫֮⣬֮ϵĺ±׵ȭļһ𣬷ӲúȵĹâ
âʮִۣŪ죬Ӯ磬µ޷˫Ŀۿ
վں±ĳƣҲòգþӸµӽǣۿս˫
ȻĹ۲֮£ȴ۾ͺѾ죬˷ȶһ
ԴˣƵܺá
ʱ򣬺±Ĺͻš
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ˣջĿ⣬ٹۿս
ϧջĿʱ벽ͬʱұۿĹϽǡ
أ
±밧һ˲䵹˳ȥ
ع֮ϣҲһѪӡǣ˲ᡣ
ջԼȭͷƽ͵ĵҲϲˣҪԼܣӶ鷳
죬ҾҪǣվͲκ鷳
©ۻһӳƵ˵ɫ٣Ҷȫɵ


63 ܵУ1
һκ鷳
ڿеĳƣں±ԡҴӻóһɫĵҩ±ĿС
һҩ±ƣʱȶסˡ
һԪ鵤ȶƵã۸ܰһҪƽ

η壬ǾڣڣԶԸ
Ǿ۷壬ֻ̤侳ʦֻҪԷִôҲģսʤ֡
οһڵˣһȥ
ͳµЦһ
ǿûôǿţԼǿʵԳƵĿ⣬Ȼ˿ܺ
Ҳһ㶣Ҫ֪ʦǳǿߵġ
˰ˣ㲻ݾˣôҲӦô𾴰ɣ
վǰȻϣûʲô֡ȻȴԷƺԼҪ
һʲô°
ϲò˳ƽ±룬ӮϣȻŵĳȥ
ǿ棬û˱ǿ󣬵ǡͣһᣬƻع˫ıɫһĵЩһŵӣЩˣȫûʤĿܣΪǲ֪ɽ⼸棬ѧ˶ٶõ˶
Ҿ㣬һŵӵ
Ƶƣϵİθߣٰθߣ
ԪԪȻԪĳӿΪṩԴ
𶯡ĿҲ
ƵԼʩչıɱľˣҪǿ
Ҵ˵ʳãΧûвƶֲҲûޣɽŵӵԪ
˾ʩչɻ꣬Ҳ޷ʩչ
ôһԪҪơ
ͳ֮սսپͻơ
뵽ͲֱͣԼײĳơ
˵εĿ֮УϵĦϵײšŪͳƵΧԪòѡ
ǰһЦһСӣңôҪޱߵŭ𡣡
ɣҿŭܷˣ鲻䣬һɹԪ˳Լľн뵤
ôȥɣƴһһȭֱӹ˹
ⲫս
Գݣ˲ûһʩչ֮
˵Ķ΢еѵĺ±룬ʱֱҪ֪ղŵսҪóƿףսǿǧܴ⡣
Ȼһ㶼ûзϣԼȥսһᡣ
뵽±ֱ˹ȥ
ڳı仯ͳƶû⡣
˲ϵ棬ŶԷ
ˣڳƺ£޷ǲѣֱ˳ʳá
ʳҲȫΪͳս
飡
˸ʩչѧԺʮغϡ
ȻʱһֱڱصͻȻųƵΪǲ̫ң
һУ
˵ֱ꣬ʩչ˻ȭ֮еͨȭ
ƱĺŪе㱡ŭûеĹ͵ˡ
һȭȻͨ
ȴƹеķص㣬׼ȷĺıֱϡ
岽ƲվԼ塣ͬһʱ䣬оԼı΢΢һһѪı
ѪҾȻѪˣԲˡ
ŭˣһ
һеСѪ֮ĶջջȻʶȤԼŪĳѪ
СӣҪǵҲ޷ȵ㣡
ŭһֱӷ֮УȻڴڵĺԪԪǰ
һᣬЩԪǰ۳һԪ
վӮԱߵ꣬ʱһĵʦƴˣǿһСԪ
ԪӮ絹һǸ侳ˣУҪ˵ġԪ
ţͷһ䣺εʦԺӣҲù
ĻΧۿȶˣһʱ䶼ע
ԪһȱƷ
ȻԪֵģҲڵλá
ʱһɪɪ
ڴΪѾûʤ㣬Ϊ˸ʱȴ˫ȭ߬Ȼ׵ȭ
찡ôҲ±ʦֵľѧ
һǸղź±ʦ֣ʩչ׵ȭʱ򣬱͵͵סѧġ
ಣ
ʱΪģǹâ
ʳãκεĶ
ƯڿУ쳣ŭĳƣҲ֪Ӧιһ㡣
ʱһţ
Źȥʮӵʱ䣬֮ϵ׵ȭѾʧȥá
۾ˣſյĵ棬ѯʵأ
ǰȥˣ
ᣬѾʦָɵ˰ɣ
ܣʦֵԪûз䣬ʳö顣
ȥ
æѰӰͻȻһۼˣһɻĳƣŵڣ棡
ʲô
ƴһʱѾԼߣһϢ
æҪ뿪ȡһӰȫλá
ˣʱ𣺡ֻһ˻ɣʵҲɣ


64 ܵУ2
½ϣһȺָͳƣ֪ʲô
ˣ˽
ΪںͳƵƣʵе
Ϊʲô˵أ
ʱΪ˸õĿԼƽ⣬ͬʱסƵĻԼ˫ۣ̣ĽƵ˫ۿס
һŪƶʱʧȥĻ
ܷ֮ѣôҪ˵ˡ
Ȼһĵжȴõϵˣȥ̫ˡư˫ӵһӽŮ˵ա
òԴӷϻ֮ͯҲһ֮е֮ѡ
ټǵƣһһ

Ȼˣ롣
ˣȴ۰ԣǶͿˣҪ֪Ѿ죬ˡڷкͿѾյʮֳ㡣ǸļһηȥͿյأ
ǰ
һȥģһȥͿסʦֵı۰Բûеȥ
ȥġĵŴﶼ˵ôߣô׼ȷġ
Уһѧʡ
ҲпĹؼʱͻˣ
̫ܰɣ
Ȼڿ֮ϵĳƣȴһƽǰĵһ͸һôʤ
ȻԴ㣬Ȼûֻ̽Ƕסҵķⲻ֪Ǿˣӵеǰʦġ
עҪҵС
ӵͿյҲǲˣϲŰɱţ
ţȭ
ƴһ˲仯
֮ڵĹͷͺһƤһϵĳ鶯
һֱų˫۵ͻȻ仯Ҳɵüܿͻָƽͬʱ˫Ҳ仯
ȭ
ƣ
ƻ

ƲϵϵʩչҪƿȻʮʧıͺһ̵Ĵǯݺݵǯס˫ۣ޷ҷ
ƽʩչ֮£ڵԪҵ½Ū

һ̫ˣ
Ʒ߿˼Ҫҵƽİ취
ȻʧΪ˼˰죬Ҳûʲôƽ֮
һܳܣ
οԪʦȴһԪ۷ҪǴȥôƻŻ
뵽ĿһƬ䡣
漴ϵԪܿǰγһԪ

ˣҪ֪ʱʩչԪôƸûа취Ϊվ
ôƣΪʲôʩչأ
ֻһǾͬھֻҪ䣬Ԫ۵һĳ̶ȣԪͻԱĿǻ֮С
޴ĳɱ֮һὫվ
ⲻ֪뷨ѾԤ֮С
ʵһֱڵһУٶȳ֡ΪԪһУƷкܶ㡣
һ㣬ǾҪۺܳһʱԪ
һͻһ϶
϶;ʤҡ֪Ԫôһ֮£ϧԪϤҲ֪ƽ֮
ųƣѾԪˡ漴˫ۣͺһƵķƣֱӳȻһڳƵƨ֮ϡ
ֻôһߣʵеλãǳʩչԪʱһУô۵Ԫͻɢȥ
ͨ
ƣĴӿ䡣
ˣ˰ܸˣ죬ѧ׵֮е»ӵǿ󡣡
һ˲ţͬһҵȵı簡
춼ˣûϣһŵӣһˣ
ʱٿطԣĴӿڵϣƵߵСӣ㻹أ

ҲʹթӮңĴӵվȻ棬ٷ֮ʮԪûУҲ˵ʧȥ˼ս޷ս˳ֻװӲĵڸ£ʱض
һȻʳõȥ߱ߵڹһ£ұض죬ʱ͸ӲҵĶˣ

ʱһǰƱߵŵӣ߳СӣϾҪʼˣܻ˵ɣ
˵ΪǾ죬ƣͿ첽뿪ʳá


65 
ųƵȥıӰ֪δܳһʱ棬Լ޷徲ˡ
ҲãǵսҲ֤Լ֮á
һſԼҳԼ֮еĴ©
ϾˣκһˣһЩëġ
кһͳµ˾뿪ʳãصԼᣬȥˡ
죬һֱκε顣
ʱ棬Ϊ˶ĿҲȥ˼׵⡣
һʼոƷҲûʲôˡϾЩ׵мأҲۿˡ
ѧᣬһʩչֻ˵̫ˡ
ֹһ죬һŵӣողϣͼ˶סԸǶϣҿԺúñ֣ȡɱһЩޣȡҩɹףӶͻƵĿܡ
νĶɽŵһԻ
ɽŵĵ̷ǳ󣬴൱½֮ϵһݡ
ɽ֮⣬Сɽ壬ԼǰǲõһЩؾɽЩؾɢɽ棬ıкؼһЩӢӣϣִԲ֮󣬶Щɽ֮УѰҵһѨȻԼǰʹõıкؼ
кܶƷƷҲкü
һЩɢޣԼԪͷʱҲѡɽŵɽ֮й죬ǰõĶԵĺˡ
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˾ɵɽŵĵӣÿ궼ɽܽ̽ѰǰǵΪѶȣǲô׵Ѱҵһǧٶǰɽŵţ½ϵޣһƶɽţҽɢ
ǧķչޣѾʮͷ뺷߳һɽųϼĸ֡
꣬Ѱǰĵǣ˶ɥ޵ĿСྫӢӣҲ޷赲ǵθڡ
ڸһ֮ɽžÿ궬ʱ򣬽һ滮չһԻ
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һɽŵĵӣһ鰲ȫĵ򣬿ԷĵѰˡ
ʱƣμӶѾΪɽŵһִͳ
ִͳ֮УҲźܶĻϾע޵ģܹעÿһڸʲôǷΣաһЩаˣڶ֮УóǵǣɱԼĶͷ
ԴɽҲûа취ƣֻһֻۣһֻۡ
ϾĴ½һֱǿΪ硣
ǿУնɱߵȨ
뵽ʱףΪʲôʳãԷԼСġ
׼ʱ򣬶Լ֣Ȼɱɱĺۼôû˻㵽ǵͷˡ
ڶ֮УмɲҪ̰ðױǿ޶סôʹϣҲ޷Ӫǡ

ֽһ˵̡
֮УֵܳһЩȫһ¡ȷûʲô©֮󣬲Żӻ֣ڳˡ
ҲȥúʰһģҪߣͱû˵£̾Ϣһʳ飬Ѿ֪ˡǳƣǺ±룬Сӡ
к±ĸף˵ɽ֮ĳϵ״ӵĺ֮УǾӢӼҲ
ƵҲͬСɣĸ׵Ĵ֮һ
˼ңҲ̫۱ȽСҵǻڶʱ°ӣɽ֮ǧҪԶ
һ˵ţӻ棬óһ̻ӵĶ컨̣һͷţԷһɫһҾ֪ˣͻ̸ȥӪ㡣
컨ֻܼʮҵʱ䣬һҪƿغ÷ִ硣
ˣ
ĵͷѾ֮УоһŨŨĹ֮顣Ȼ±ˣôô͸ԼĻᡣ
ʱ䣬ԼСĲǡ
뵽תԼСȥ
һ·ڲͣ˼
ȥıӰ̾Ϣһһǻһ붬ͻܵĴ
ϣʱ򣬿ԲӰŵģ
ʦ֣±ǱϾĹϽΧȫҺҵһ£ܷ񣬸ӣŹ
ɺ⣬ҲʵˣûκγЧ
ֻܿ컯ˣһӰʧںڰ֮С


66 
±ͳƱһ£Ȼ޷⣬ȥ
ȻܶˣȽͬΪ˵
ŵӣվں±˵Ĺ۵֮ϣǸˣһŰ裬ǰñӡ
ʱ׵֮ڣһȽϺķ䡣
׵ʮ֮һų׵С̩ĺӢ;סط
ӢǺҵţҲǺ±ĸ磬žкǿӰ
ɽŵĳǣҲԤӢ֮ڣ侳ΪɽŵľӢӣӶܸߣصĴ
һΪӢӣôҵľӢӵͻᳬˣ㹻úˡ
±룬һʱ䣬ҪŬԪ׼ü򿪵һؾԾͲμһεĶˡһҾͲԳ֣Ǹ鷳ˡӢǰսսĵܵܺ±룬ȻģҲѵһ֮󣬻ҫ
һ䣬ӢӻóһҩȻݸ±ҩԻߵһͿһС硣
ȻҲɽŵŵӣҲһӣҲǾˣûа취ΪӢӡӢ̾ϢһȻҺ͸֮еҩΪΪ÷̳м֮λ̷ãȻҰһٽ졣
лл磡
±̸˵ĸлҪ֪ʣҪҪ꣬Ǹʱƻ˶ˡο±ҲûʲôԸҲõģҩ֮Ӱ졣лһ£̽ӹҩҷá
Ӣһ£Ȼһӡĺģȫ
Ҳ֪ȥ˼ʱӢջԼƣ±룬ҹúߵҩЧ룬ŽҹԽƵڡһսǸļһͻġ
漴ַԸһ£Ӣ߽ԼңչػԪ׼Ӧ侳ˡ

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ڼңֻûҪ׬ȡɹ׵ˣһ£һǧ߰˰ˡ
׵֮ϡ
ټţ۵ӣɽţмˡ
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ÿһζһյ
յ㣬ôɽŵĵӣͲˡ
һεĶΪһµʱ䡣
һµʱ棬κһˣҪɱ¾Ŀ飬ˣʸ񣬵õɽŵ
Ϊͻ¼ҲһЩŵĳǣܼһһֹ֡
ã˰졣
ķԸ£׵ŵӣôɽţ븡֮ϵҰأʼһεĶ
ڴͬʱŵӣҲˡ
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ͳµȻѡ񣬼ڵĶ顣
׼жʱ򣬳ͻȻǣһųŮ˵ߵɽŹ涨ӵ࣬ˣÿһ顣
ɽô涨Ϊ࣬ôͻʧȥζ塣Ȼ̫٣Ҳ̫
Ͼڵĸ֮ϣ˼Ҫ֮ͨ⣬Ķޡ
޵ķֳʵ̫ǿˣɽţжҲ޷ǷֳٶȣڴޣƷײߡ
ЦЦûоܾļ룬Ͼǳ¼ҴС㣬Լϣڳ¼ҵϿ͡
˻ͨһԼȲĽܣǸŮǹʦá
Ҹ˵ǧƲʦãǷһŵ棬õһˡ
ֱϵĹ۸УϵƤе԰ףһ֡ȣڿЦ
Ҳûж룬ֱӵˣ̳ȡɱһЩޡ
Ȼ׼֮ϵɭʱԱһĹдд裬ϣԺúõĻȥ
±ֺĴ߾ҰһĨӵĶϣʱͷ­Դ֮ϣǱҴ򱬣
˭˭һأ
ƽĻӦһȻֱֱԼСĳԱɽŵɽţһ޼ʵĸɭ֡


67 ҹеΣ
ಣ
һӰ֮вͣŲ
żһЩ޵ʬ壬
֮ɭ֣ѪȺͿֲɱ¾
ս֮£ÿһ˵ս飬ڿٵߡ
꣡
µһֻƷ޵ͷ­ȻһԼԴܡ
µʹȻɱ¾ȻֱͻĽ磬˳ڣԹͨԪˡ͵ĿųµͬһʱԼеСϰˡ
µȻһЦʮһ꣬ѹ֮½죬ֵԺ
Ҫ֪ڲԶһŴ֮ϣһʮ꣬ҪΪĸˡ
ڸһ꣬һ侳ʦ
뵽µıеŹ֡
һߣҲɱԼȻƵ߹ϵԴӽɭһֱûг֣ɱޣѵ㲻ɹףǡ
ѪǲͬϣûκεѪգҲûսµ˺ۡʱվ֮ϣƾ紵Ųһ֡
⼸ÿһζޣȻԼ֣ȫ˳նɱʱ䣬Ǿͻ˲һǧ㹱׻ˡ
޾ƷһƷޣһ֡
Ʒޣ֡
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ƷǾŸ֡
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ĲĽѡ
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ȻһЦȻͻȻɫһ漴˱ɱˣǹȥ
һ䣬ҲǻظһŲ

ȵ˶һֻۣܷеĹ
׷׷ĽŲǰȥ
һᣬͻȻŵһŨҵԹ漴ǿվһþ֮ϣɫĿ¡
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Ȼϵ޵ĺۼͷһƷޣ˺ҧߵʬ壬ܱ뺷ӡ
ȻǷ˲ͬĵطƮƮڵϣ߼һʬԱߣһʬŲĵЩʱ򣬱Ͽ˺֮࣬аµ׵ˣҲкڰһ档
Ժ棬ֱ۵ݡ
εҡҡͷ漴ջĿڿʼ˼һ𣬾ⵥжⷢ⡣
ֻǸղſôһۣͿжϣϵ⼸ʬ壬ϣȽɱġ
Ҳ˵࿪ʼɱߣ˱ҪСж
õģһ˽жġȵ˶һۣȻʮĵͷʾԼˡ
ǼǼŵӣȻɭȥ
˲ϵ룬½½ˣüγ¼ŪĻ̻̣˶
СĹϣѾùġ
ߵһϣҵһȽεĵطռһȻѨöѨ׼ϢһԼĵ
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УСӺô
˽ɭ֮󣬴ҶΪ죬ķԸж
ԴҼСҲýʱ򣬶ڵλôһģҸղл֣Ϊʲôգ۵Ĺ򣬾ʧȥ˻Ӱ


68 
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Դӽ븡ɭѾõµεʾÿһζɹӦˣԴµĻȻš
ϣûзǣ뿪
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ˣȺϣϾҪɻһˡ
磬Ů˵һеɱ⣬Ůʦһ£һ
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Ӳ֮ϣ˾ͿԿˣûһǺǵģٶǾĸ֣򲻿ôҵԪ
죬һֹһ
ЦһǶǰˣˣǾкܴĲ࣬ǿûı£зϣսʤˡ
̫࣬ôֻܷɢͻΧˣܻȥһһ
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ǽɱĻǱ𣡡
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ɾ״̬ȴĵһ˿ϣսʤŵӡ
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ڲУһһۡ΢ЦҡҡͷȻ·ɵӵڵǣƼˣǿġ
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ģǸСû
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Ҳҹζ֪࣬﷢һС
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Ԫȫ档һ̣һ˲θһס
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70 
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ΪյԪûκεʺĶ
ÿ춼ںԪ
֮飬̺ԪҲࡣ
ȫԪôʹ㳹׽ʦУߣԶĵ·
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̾Ϣһ
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Цһ治
Ҫʵ̫ϸˣҪ֪ڵԪѾ侳Ĵڴֻ죬Ҳֻǿϸ
뵽Ԫ
žҹڹȥˡ
ڶ죬ո붨֮ѡ
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74 ޵
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76 
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78 
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80 ǰ
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ԯʮֲΪǻࡣٶȣԯҲȲȥԯᱻһ֮ڣһ˫˫ɢž۾ĶĲ


86 ڿʼҵĶ
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ײһĴۣҲǼ
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ոսһܸɵԪһǸĿܣȻٴγ֣·˵һ롣
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ȻƿҲǰ취ȵػ𹬵Ŧ֮ôͻָġһαƿĵط̫ˣ޸ҲҪʱ䡣
ʱ䣬㹻Щˣκεˡ
Ȼ뷨½һЩ˵Ӱ
ЩɽŵĵӣҲнţţš֮Ĵ½ȽɣɵӸˡ
һĻ̫һĭöſԽ棬ȫƿ
ԪСһҡҡͷΨ˼һµҵԤ⣬ղŶֵˣһ侳֮ϵʦƿĵ档ˣôḶ́ʱҲ̡˶ˣôӰŦӶõػ𹬵ڲһϵеı仯ô͵òʧˡ
ಣ
ʱϳһʺ硣
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ģһȺ侳ˡ̫˵еȻҲǰһĻˡ
СҪ˵ʲôסˡ
۲һ´ŵ½֮ϵ侳ʦûвεжڴ򿪵ر֮󣬾һԹۿͬʱάĳͨ
ˣ侳ľӢӣһ·ֱػ𹬵ۺģƺʲôһһ绢ǡ
ЩǰֵԪӣһһ·εƤǰ
ֱӳǰȥһһߵ˷ʱˣһǰıأѹεһɶˡ
ĻԪ̫壬С̸ĽŲ
ĸ˲ϵĳ̣һĸˣû˷ʱ䡣
·Ļܣʩչǿʽɱ
һᣬڷ˵ػ𹬵һƫ
վƫſڣ˾͸оˣһɿµϢħһڰжԼ
ô̫һĭȻ˱ý⡣
ΪʲôԪҧҧݣûк˿ߣֻǰͰһˡ
ţ˵ֻһƫǿܣҲ侳Ŀܡĸ֣һƴ֮ġ
Ԫô˵̫ҲֻýеĿ־壬ѹȥȻһƫĴŴ򿪡
¡¡
˵ƫʯţ˲䱻ƿ
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ˣû̫֣ĸ˻ס
ƫ棬ոͷﵽڷһЩֵĶϸһ£ЩȻ䷨ϵƷ
䷨ϵʦЩƷɸӿµ䷨ϵ
Ȼ䷨ϵʦкܴӰ졣˵
̾Ϣһ
Ԫ̫ʧȻΪһԼǰˡ
׼뿪ƫʱͻȻһµĻ⣬ֱԪ
Ԫĸ֣Ϯʱ˷Ӧ˿ı仯ͬһʱ䣬һµĵ⣬ȥ
ɢȥģ֮ϣһˮγɵĿܡ
ȵĵػ𹬵Ȼˮò˵һ漣
ߣɱ⣡
䣬ڼ˵Ķ
ˮܣһĳ䷨۵ģŲȻȡ
ģӽƫʲôûţȴɥǣֱǵùˡ
Ԫж֮ŭһˮܡ
ϣɵ
ɵԼʱҲٻ˳֡һ̫壬˺֡
ǸСȴӱ棬óʯͷȻӡĳӡ֮СЩʯͷɢƫ
ϵʦһĻڶСһȫµ֪
ϵһ͵ʦҪǲٿ󷨣˵սʮֵСֲãôСҲԸԼˣػ𹬵أ
Сģ
һ£ȻжһС׻סˮܵƶҹĺģҲ䷨ϵ
ףС΢΢һЦȻ̰İ취ٿ
İæ˼һ
Ϊսʱ򣬲ŷˣȻһˮܣʮֵǿһСģͿȫ


93 ˮ
ܣϾǿܡ
ӵ侳ȴ޷ӣ侳ʵҲ൱侳һ۷
ˣսʱ򣬲û̫ѹ
սʤ侳һˡԪǵž֣ҲԶռ侳ˡ̫ʲУϾܾˣ˺ۺԪӦ侳ľӢӣǿԼһġ
οˣСʩչ󷨣赲ܵĹ
ߣ
ˮܴһɱ˵ĳȥ
һĿ꣬ʩչ󷨵С
һĻæʩչӱһ½ˮҧסû취СȻɿסԷһΡ
ոջˮܣˮܾɢһɿµʩչڻ
һĻĵйŹ֣ƺǵԪ
ʱԪѾˮŪеǱĻ̵ͷţȷʵԪԹʱһҪעѰֻ·ˡ
ƺ֪Ԫ뷨˶ˮܣԴС
˾ʱˮʩչһ
ȻƫһĻ֮С棬Ǻڰ˿âҲ޷
ֶΣˮԼ޷ɵġ
뵽ƫ֮ڣô䷨ϵƷŻȻסЩ䷨ϵĹƷǸ׼ƫġ

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ҲˮڸɿݵĴͬʱ˫ȭգһ͵ȭֱʮȽǵλá
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ĺΧһԪ
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ôǿһˣѣôΪ֧ǵˣôȻҪĳضġ
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94 
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ӵɫϵȵĻ飬ֲǸˮܣ˵ǿأ
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æ߹ӣȫ
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˵⻰ʱ̫ĵ̫㡣
Ҳ⣬ϾѾɽŵĵӣʣֲԪһͻ侳
ôһյձȻҪܺĴ̫壬Ҳֶ飬ôҵ壬ԪҪ
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һСˡ
һСµˣԷƣ˵ͷ
Ҫɱңô뷢ۡ


95 ͻ¼
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Ҫ֪Ԩŵ֮Уеһĸ֡
ԪҪǿࡣ
ԪŻῴʱв첻ѡ
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ӢˣҲˡֻˣԺܺõĿƶѡ
УҲָһҰ·ӣȻԷѾҪˣôԼҲͲÿˣܴԷôȻ˷ѡ
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һˣڶս侳׽٣һ԰ȻĴȥ
ڵΪҲֻԪ۷壬һ㣬ſս׽٣Ϊ֮ϣȻһĲࡣ
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ڵ֮ԨһѪվڿУ߸ϵĵ⣬ɱأڣһζѰΪϵͻƣ㽫ĳɾޡ
Ԩŵ֮ӣɸˣԨҲҪϼ䡣ΨԨôһۡ

ֻΪղҵĻ
Ԩӵ𣬲һǵѪ˱˿̵Ҳαķȡ
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96 ɽҰ
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վԪĿ⣬ҲԽԽ

һŻĴڲػѬֱȼôȼյĲʱ۾һλСģǰһǿĶ֣ʮֵǿ󡣡


97 ˼ά
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ȼɻҽʱǸܣѾˡ
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ոڵϣԪһѪ˵ɫ˲˲١
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ƿļ϶ôʱҲԽ׻ȫ
ȻԷͣôһСᣬͰԼļ䣬Է֫ȫһǳ׵ķϵˡ
һУͽԪȥҪ֪Ԫܴսˣô죬Ȼһ˺ۣûп
ֻ̽һ£֪˶Է
ôǴ˻ܵ֫һˣ΢Էһˡ
ΨԪĿ⣬ʼĸ𣬱ݣɵɫţ뿪֮ԪͻԼжԵĵ·֮ϡ
ʱԶԶûаȫ
Ϊһܣ滹ܡ
ԪкһȻһȥڵš̫СȻҲɵǺǵͣ
һηУٴͷ󣬶ںߡ
ŷһ·̣ǰһξ롣
ʱʧҲԽԽ󡣵޷ϣǰ汼еԪ
Ȼ˿ûлţתԼ壬ԼеܵλóȥΪڸղţԷ֫ʱѪ
Ҳ˵ܣɻġ
ˣһʶ
ȻصղԼսĵطǸܣԭأϵţû֫޷ֿ
ûйҵ޷صػ𹬵
ոջصһǸܵ沿棬ϳȥϵ֮һ
Ϊսʱ֪ԷԼһʶֻʲôˣҲȻԷϵĻ棬ʱ򣬲ŷܾȻǰü͡


98 ֮
ಣ
춯漴ԪֱڵϣڵĴŴ
ʱ˿̣ڳ˵ػֵķΧҲлϮҲ˵ڰȫˡ
̫СǲԪôԾܡ̫Сһƣ˿̧ɴ˿ԿóǵĵĶôء
һ紵С֮ѣſԼ˫ĿҪллʦֵİæСܽһ֮ˡ
Ԫ⻰֮󣬶ʱе㲻ãûбֳͿСһĵ֣ôʦֲ
ľȻҲע⵽ʱ˵ֻûеĸˣ
ҼǵãӴܵʱ壬˳̶ᣬӦòʲô⡣̫˼һ£ңҼǵõһֱ󣬰һЩ׷ϵĻܡ
ĪǡС۾һƺ뵽ĳֿܡ
Ӧòɣ
ȻԪȷʱһҿҲᣬΪЩܣ޷ƷҹƣһǷʲôأֻѰҵ֮·˲ŻһߣǶ¡
ŪãǻѻˣӶأ
ȻԪ˵ζŨҲԼ̫ȴãԪ˵Ҳпܷ
ΨСе㲻̫š
˵ı飬ԪһȻʦѾˣôҲҪʦˡ
Ԫһߣ̫СһۣȻҲȥ
ȻǶ֪ʵԪĲ²⣬Ǻ׼ȷġ
ΪȷʵƲǣصһʼսĵطҷ˰ü͡
ȻüʧȥԼʶһɱ¾
ȻֶΣʶ
ȥϾʱҲܶ䷨ϵʦس
һƵ䷨ϵ˵Կ˵˼άӶˣΪԼĿܡĿܣܡ
ȻüͣһˣɵĿܡ
һܣҲŻսʱӵԼĶ˼ά
ǱУȻ˻ܵȻҲһЩƽ֮еһרӦǰ
ؼ֮мصƽ֮һĻڰü͵Ѩλ֮ϡҽһɹԪ塣
ڴʱ˵صĻܣղԪȥʱ򣬸ˡʣµĻܣ̫ǿ޷Ӱʩչ

һᣬü;һȻһںɫѪҺѪҺ֮УԿһֳż̵ļӿǣĿ׺ݣаĳӡ
߹ȥһŽǸӲȻŻصü͵ߵôüڵ״̬ô
˭˭ںң
ü͵ܵͳڱ˲ٿأľѪѾʧĲˡ˶ãͻϵܣǻܡ
ңĵ

ƺ˵
ʲôʱ˵أ
Ŷ¼ңҳ¼ҵϿͣ
ü۾Ȼһ£ŵʱѾȥܾˣΪѾ׷ң
ô˵̽Լμɽţǰ˵Ѱҷĵػ𹬵飬һ¡
˵꣬ѯʣйصػ𹬵顣
ĽͣüͶʱ˹ȥԼԼ顣Ȼ̾ϢŵգӴ֮Ǿͱһ˾ˡ˵ػ𹬵Ϊ˳Ϊػ𹬵ʱ򱻸£ճ
ȻЩΪСˣΪ׼ˣҲµİǡ
ֱһ죬õȷеϢɽŵԭѾʡǸˣͱһĶħһŵҸɻܣһܵ񡣡
֪ĹؼǼѯʵʲô񣿡
Ҳֻ̫ڱɿܵʱһ䣬˵ػ𹬵棬Ҫһ񱦣֮顣
񱦣֮飿
߶䣬һĴ󺧡ǿǹʱǿһ˵ѪĹ⣬ϵľƷ
̵һ֮飬ֻҪõõôȷʵкܴļʣԳΪʥ侳ʦ
һ֮飬Ǹа䷨ϵʦɵôĴ½ȻҪصĴ
뵽ѯʵǸ֮ʲôط
ڡڽڱģԪˮ׵İʲֻɽ֮УüʹŴһ˵֮


99 
üˣ
ΪʱΪܣѾʧȥܺôãѾˡ
Ϊṩһص㡣
ص㣬ôлᣬѰҵ˵еĻ֮顣˻֮飬ôȻԿٵĻָΪ
üͼ֮󣬾Ͱǰ˵ķһ·ǰȥ
ԪȻ˵һ
ʵ죬ֻһ½С
Ԫһ˵˵ǵĴۣɽӲԶĴ֮ϣŲƹһƬԵԪĴ۵ĺΪǺ
ԪڵλãǾɽĺ֮ء
һ·ϸȥɱһЩޣԼΪ
գڸϵ˵ԪڵλáʱĵԪǷ֮ƣ涼ðݣͺһȪ
򵥲һˮ棬еˮ£ȻȣԼڵΪʱ䣬ǿ֧סġ
֮ͨ̽Լ壬뺣ס
һȥ壬̱ȣҷػ𹬵ĵػ˵ҪõĶࡣ
ԪĺףǺܿ
ֻǽһᣬҵһʲֻɽû̳ȥѰһ֮顣
Ϊףһз
Ͼ֮飬Ǹص䷨ϵʦкܴôܣϾ¶һ
Ȼۿһᣬ̷ֲԶĻɽ֮ԣһεİסڣһɿµϢ
ţڣӦһµפء
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ôֻһֿܣǾǿܡ
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һԵԪ
ж֮ʼͷ
ǸˮפԼҪ֪ĽȥҴ߻֮飬еѶȡ
Ȼͷ۵ʱ򣬵Ԫ߳һ߷ߣĺޡͷֵޣһ̽Χĺˮ
ζפڰʲֻɽˮܣ̲Σա
ߣɱ⣡
еһٶȴĶ档
Ҳ
֣֮ͷֵްæôеļʣҲ˼֡
ȻǸֵޣҲʮֵı뺷
ˮܷɱԵʱҲоԼˣǳˮȥ
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һᣬһȻĶѨ
ڶѨ֮ڣʱʱһ˵֮Ϣݳ
ͨˣôһϵӶȥѰһ֮顣ˣһ֮ء
౦֮أ֪еˣϲر֮أһ棬һǼ١
Ѩ棬֮ϢôŨأֱڸˣбһǸɵӣŻôá
ڶλù۲һᣬȻһЩ޵ʬ
Ѩĳ֣ں飬Ҳ͸ӵġȻһᣬֽ£ʮ̽ŵʱ
ڿһңдţ񶴸ĸֵԱߣһдţذ˼
ذ˼
߶һ䣬Ȼѡ
Ϊذ˼Ĵ۵֡Ȼɽʱдġ
ĴۣĴ½Ǿһ
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ңʮֹһ֮󣬲Ŵ֮´붴Ѩ
ոս붴ѨͷһڶѨߡһߣһĴۿƺܺӡ
ʱҲ
˵˼άĶͻΪޡһ˼άޣʱչܣⶼϴഫһȥĸԴ
Ȼȴûж
ǺܺϣԼС֣ϵûԴһûһ߱ȱȻƺʲôĶһ
ܸоΪûж⡣Լͷϡ
ԴȻŶѨȥ
һᡣߵ˾ͷ
ڶѨľͷ֮УһԲһǣɢſֲϢֻǣһЩϸ΢Ѻۡ


100 ֮
Ȼǻ֮顣
֮飬һĴۣġʷأĴĹǻԹ֮ڣȻԸһ
ֻϧĴ۵Ҳûн֮
ûһµǣ
ȷһ£Ƿл֮ڡϾǸǣѾˣκ鶼пܷ
ĳһǸ̾ɢһء
ɢһصĵǣ֪ԼһΣƲʲôջˡȻϸһûзֻ֮顣
ôǰ״ֿܡ
һǱǸ䷨ϵ侳ָˣôĴ½Ȼһ
ڶܣǸ֮飬Ѿȡߡ
µֻһǣԱᣬΪ֮飬档Ժ淢ִ˵صǵˣŲȥƻĻ֮
̾ϢһҪתȥû䱦һԼ֮ϵĻȻֱС
£ֱӴĲ֮ȥ
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Ķе㻳ɵʵ˵ҽǳԵ
󡭡
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²಻ףҲˡҪ֪õ鵰ǣһѺ۶ûС
Ҫҧ飬Խӣʮѵġ
ڣԹԾ׽ֻԡһǾбҧϣһڿԼĶ֮С
ŪĿ⣬ҲĹŹ
ȻصĻܳطһеŹ֡Ҫ֪͵εһޣѪҺϡ㵽Ʒµˡ
ߵֻȻһֻӵ޾ƷΪĻֱе˼
ɵʱͻȻ۾һ
Ϊ֣ǸǵһλȻһɫҺ塣Һ壬Ѿӵǵĺ֮¡
һæ˹ȥҺ壬ԼĸС
漴ڵϣ
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Ȼһλֻ֮һµΪһٵΣһǧأǻ֮ĿµطҲ֮ˣҩ

붨֮ѹĿӵ䡣
Ѱһ»ڶڵλãľɫ
һᣬȻ½ĿЩʣµĵ֮СȻЩѵĵ棬˵ҲһЩ֮
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Ǿͳȥ΢΢һЦ
󡭡
ﲻͣҡҡͷȻһʯͷŶߵλȥ

Ǹʯͷոս붴ڵλã̱һʯۡȻˣϣ֮ߡڶڵλãһǿ󷨡
Լղţðʧĳȥôʱ˿̣ѾΪһˡ
мĿһۻ𽥿ʼ۲󷨡۲죬ţ󷨵ˣһһ󷨰׳ա
Ȼ֮У˺ܶ©
һЩ󷨣˽ⲻˣôһ֮ء
ļʶԺܴݵģﴳȥ
һ»ͷԼزôǸղţҲһԹ֮ĵǺ;һҵĶôһ뿪
һ䣬ͰһֵİԹλͣŲʱ죬ʱһ󲽣һС
ÿһŵ㣬ʱ䣬ϸơ
һֱĻͣķԺʱʱԼͷ­һӡȻע£漣ģ󷨣˳ߵ档
Լ壬ﶴԽԽԶı˷ܣһֱûꡣȻһĺ֮ʱһ
æŻߣһǿǿԵֿġ


101 ԭ
ʶѾһֺǿľ硣
ԽΣյʶ֪ҲԽǿ
ܿ죬ͷ˲ԶһǿˣԷٳԼ֪Լ˵Ķ֣ӶһŻȥ
һһһȻ
ƹ˶ߵ棬һСȥ
Ż뿪ãһˣԶһһߣƺߵĺÿһʮס
ߵλãǸֵޣںͿʱ򣬶ʱɫ漴һнѾ˵
ɴ˿ɼǸܵʶġܣһǸ֮󣬶ܡ
ڣ˭ɱסûУ
ˣܷ·鶯ࡣ
ȻȴûͣŶȥ
ಣ
֮ڣһصĺ
˭˭ҵĻ顣
ĵ֪˭һҪɱ㣬޷תͶ̥
顭
һʯڶɳ
ԭ׼˼ʮֻ꣬һţҪɹˡؼһȻɣѵҪң
˺ǷϵλãܾɥܰûڵŶߵĶˡ
Ļһϳ˭
ԭĴ½ǳĸ֡
ҲĴ½䷨ϵʦ
ӵΪڵĴ֣塣ȫʢʱڣҲǺмɵġ
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û룬ȻҲһǿĹ׼ĵػͻ֮飬ͻƵʥ侳
侳ˣûп˶⡣ѾԲͻʥ侳볤֮·
ֻϧ׼˼ʮ꣬ͷȴΪ˼¡
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侲һᣬԭһܵû˻֮飬ôͻʥ侳ºñȵһˡڵػ𹬵ԼŰɱˣôɵӺʹˡ֪Լڵ½ܵĴһԼδһ޷̫־á
һҪ취һûлأ
ͣΧ߶ʱʱͣ˼һ¡Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãԭ۾ͻȻһǰ۵Ķӣƺҷһ뺯ȥͶһԵõáɽŵıӻɣҲΧɱԼ
ԣôɣ
ԭ뵽ʲôʲô
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ڴͬʱڱػ𹬵ͻȻһɸĻ棬ЩںͿѰˣֱӱ΢ҽ
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ҲΪˣػ𹬵ʣµһЩأҲֱӳΪһѳ˳޷ˡ
ڴͬʱ֮ԭı壬Ϣȥ
ڱ¼ʽһ䡣
һߣŻϵǰ
һСʱ֮߳˵Ԫ˾ɽһ֧򵥴Ϣһ£ȷûΣ֮ųһ
һߵĻƺһȻ˿ʲôоޱȵ档ָͣһľСݣ䣬ޣҽС
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ڻȻʱͷߣſԼĴͣŻͷ­ҧȥ
һĻһ
ȻͻﲢǺ죬һ࣬һޣ˵ӦǵжԵĹϵߣҪԵСе㲻
Ͼͻ򣬿νǹѵˡ
ȻķӦȻܿ죬ٿķӦҲûнߵٶȿ죬˽ߣһӾͽС븹С


102 Գ
һһӣôк
뵽Ȼŭ
˾ͺڵһֱӳԶĽߡȻﱻ̵ˣԼôҲҪȳ
ڽߵĶ棬ֱӻһй
Ȼûж֡Ϳߵ壬һŤҾֲʼ죬һЩӡ
һĻףһʲô
ûðʧĽǾһԣۿһ½ߵı仯һɾͲˡ
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ʲôһϸһȻǽߵĸѾһĻ濾ˡ
Žߵ壬ҲڶŽǱߣίӣкܳ졣
ҳԶ̵ⱨӦ˰ɣ
ʱһɫС֣ӽߵĸͱŽߵĸһ
ڿλãǻֵԴðϣһߵ⣬ľ׽š
ڽߣͷ­ʱѾʧȥ
ƺ˻֣Ȼһ£кȥ⡣ζɿڣһϵȵĲȡ
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ʵ̫ˣһһ޷ȫԹ⣬ֻܳһ֡ʣµֻãһˡ
ߵʱǽߵ˸ڳˡϾĽߣӵһƷʵġ
ڽڱڻǻһƬ
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ڵڶգ͸һ֣УԳ
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ԳʲôȻļ򣬶һˣɽ֮Уͣɽʯ֮ŲһᣬһѨǰ
Ѩǰһʯ
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ĿʯţҲһ侳ʦóʯš
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ֱ֤֮Ӷ֣üֵסʯŵļǣҽһ˳ʯĵһԲףʯڲһ¡
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ڴʯŵ˲䣬Գͺһֱӳ˽ȥһᣬʧڶѨ֮ڡ
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һȣӡ
ʯų״򿪵ʱŷʯ֮󣬾ȻһҪ棬ͨ
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ģ֮½˼ʯͷϳԣûʲôЧ
ȻʱͻȻԳðһͷҳһĹʵ


103 
ʵޣҲջ
һ̲סҪҧһڡ
һͨǾԽޣԽջĶôԽжԽΣա
ûнʵУĶԳ
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޴ԪӸݳ
ѣѵǸʵж
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ǴĬĬת棬һвλãԼ壬Լʹ
һʱһ㡣ͬһʱ䣬ԼĸȻһӡǡ
֮ܵڶҲһЩı䡣ôڰƺڲĳֱ仯ڶԪСʮ֮øӾ
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ԳģƺڵǸƺǰûڡ
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ֱһĸоǲû֮еĿ״̬
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ΧиָĻ棬ԼһЩûĶһЩװػߡЩҪóȥǷǳмֵĶ
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ʵǸ棬ֻҪȥȥĻôȫԱܿܵ˵ģԸ뵣ġ
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ȻãһڡʱǸ̻һѹǻңƮΧĴ֮ϡ
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104 ̽ǹ
Ȼһ˿Ȼڵϡ
۵ĹǺһӣǵһο
Ҫ֪һӣ˼ʮ꣬ıƣоҲûм
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105 ŵ
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106 һǹ֮
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107 侳
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108 
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109 ǰٿŴ
Ҫ֪ɽĴ½Ķţ
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Աߣһάʦֱ֣Ӹ˴𰸡
ˣȺСһϽɽţúһһһЩҩȡ֮ڣһĽһڵġ
һӵѯʵʦ֣׷ʲô飬Ƶʦٻǻ
ʦ֣һ֪еİذɣһŮŵӣĵʦ֣͸©͸©£
άʦ֣ٺһЦȻɫɫĿһŵʵҲûʲôֻǰһɣϣ֯һĴ½֮ıȶһ¸ɵӵʵս
ɽţȥ죬һΣһҪȡһóɼ˾߲飬һظλʦܣʦãȾٰһɽŵĵӴһǵʵսˮ׼Ȼ°Ÿɵսʽȡڼɴ֮ϣú¶¶
Ľͣһŵӵ۾˲һʦ˼ŵĴȣǰ£Ҫ֮У
ҲףһɣƴľǸǻ˵ʱ򣬼ɵĴȣŵһ㣬Ӣһ㡣һŵӴȺ;ӢӴȣҪͬʱٿѡγɫĵӡ
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һЩԾԾԣҲһЩţ֪ӦǺã
֮£һг˳ͨͨ»صɽŵɽλá
ոսͷһЩɽһĵӣɽΧĿյ֮ϣ̯ƺڶһ
ҲȻˣڴҶ׼ͳ̣ϣԻú֣ôĲϣȻõļֵͶ
һǣҲԣԼԶһһЩ
ԼһɱޣߴĶ׷װڵϣʼ
˵ļ۸Ƚϵ͡
һȴȽѡ
ΪֻṩԪĵҩҪ˲ˣҲв˺ܸȤ
ⲻһĶŵ꣬վ̯λԱߣЩȻĵЩ޵ˣĳ۵ĻԸһöԪ
ԪһִԪĵҩ
ԼڵԪкܸߵʵüֵ
һۣȻȻĵͷΪѾˣǰ˾Ƿĵһˡ
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һʮ꣬Ԫˡ
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²ֻһۣͿԿĳڲǰҲԼһոͻơۺԪڶһ
侳һˣ¶ѾĶˡ
ʵҲİӣҲûи̫ƽϼ۸ֱӽȫݸȻպԼԪ
壬û뿪Ƕ۾ϸһᣬ̾Ϣһλʦ֣û˵۾䣬أͺѹʴһòһĻźܶ˶޷ֱ


110 ǰ粨
λʦ֣û˵۾䣬أͺѹʴһˣòһĻźܶ˶޷ֱ
仰ͺ׺䶥һϡ
˵òᣬԱ仯
˵ͣ飬αװ١
һ˵ԣȴ޷ıġ
ĻһѡԼע⣬СĵĻܱܿһЩϤˣϳԼ
ԺԼҲҪѧı䰡
뵽Լ񣬱ðûй⻬ø
Ȼ˵ӣ̾Ϣһϧ㲻ѹʴϣΪѾˣ
Ҵ֮УһηӢ֮ϣڼ֮Ŵ֮ϣԺúһ£ĸ񹦣
˵һ仰ͣԼĶʧȺ֮С
Сûע⡣
ֱպ̯λȻתص׵Լס
û߽ԼķţͿԼķǰһŵӣŶȣŲ֪Сƺӡ
ǸŵӣվߺĵСӣһˣ
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Ҳ˵ɽŵǰʮ֮УӢһϯ֮ء
λ׵ĵĸֺӢҪðǰ׵ĵӣΪ׵һˡһʱ䣬ӢһֱŬȡͻơ
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ΪˣҪȥӢһȥʲôزʲôˮ׼ҲҪ׵ĸ㶨ڵľƣȡЩСˣԼԶһЩ
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ʱѾվʮˣΪߵˣѾսһ侳׽١ˣΪԪкڡ
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вĸоһɺϮ
вúܲмΪֺӢĳ̶ֳ˵ûн١
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ĶŵĺӢݴ֮˵ɫڳ
ָıӣĿĵСӣҪһ
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һոռɽŵĵӣ͸սƣΪȶ۷ĺӢˣûʲô֣ôһǷӡ
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뵽Ӣ΢еڡ
ǰһڱչ˶飬˽Ĳ̫ࡣһΣոɾͣҪŴȵʱ򣬺úһ¡
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ĳ룬һײϣ
תһ룬Ͼոţк֣ҲӦԼĺֶࡣ˺ӢĿһҪս㣡


111 һ
Ӣ˵ĺ棬棡
ΧˣҲûнĻһ仰Ц
ΪǵֻһһߣôҲ޷ڶʱ䣬׷ĿеĴӢ
֮£äĿţǺӢĶ֡
ⲻ֪ѾͻԪ죬侳һΪ
ͻƣôͬԪ۷ΪҲ㹻ɨžĵӡ
η塣
ȻӢ֪Լڶʱ򣬴ս顣
ҲˣЩ侳ľӢӣܸһΪСŵӣһЩԼ顣
뵽ٶȴһºӢȻȻҪսôǱսһ˭
˵ʱҲڰнԼΪ𽥵ѹ͡
һֱӢһˮ׼֮󣬲ֹͣѹԼΪزŴﵽЧ
ԴСʤҲûʲôԺġ
ȶְɣ
һƣźӢ֡
еӣеӵĶʱӢŭˣںӢôûнԼ
һԼʮ֮һȻǵһԼΪͻƣټһЩķ֣ŵһҲûпܡ
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ƧҲܰȫҪɱôҲ˷֣ᱻִӳͽ䡣
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׾ѧǺϼ洫һʮָͣ޴͵εƷ
Ӣгưŵ뷨ԺӢΪ޷ǰϾҲرǷˡ
ȭ

Ӣϣһƣ˱øӸ͡
ӢĹʽĿ⣬ø䵭ûκεķʩľٶźţһǷһǱӣмַ
Ȼı֮Ужϳʱ뷨һǵڶ֣ҲǱӣӺӢĹԺӢ˵ʵ衣
Ϊıݣ۵ġӢĿ⣬ԳˡȺСܣĿ⣬˼һϰ档
Լµı֣ӢûйעĿ⣬˿仯ûСһƣ죡
һ͸Χһޱߵܶ˶Ѭģðѡ
֮ϵݣΪ˸ɿݣڱȼ
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ܿӢĹϡܶˣԤϵһὫҪ
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Ӣϵ棬ȫӿĿǻ֮С
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һߺӢҲڲϵı仯
仯ԶԶϵı仯˼ʱһѾϡ
׼ⳡԼʤʱ򡣾ͼ壬˿仯ûУͺʲô飬ûзһ
ͬʱԼ۾źӢգգƺʣԷûиĹһ
ⲻ֪ͻ侳֮󣬴һʱԪ
ԸղźӢĹ̺ԪѾ棬һ֣Ȼûʲô󰭡

һỤ̃̾ϢһϧˣƷûз󣬷³ˡΪٳɣȻʹҩʵ̫ˡ
ڵ㣬˵ֱǲһ
Ǻεˣֻ΢Ӵһ£֪еİء
ĻӢһ죬ʮΡ
ֻϧûʱ俴ı飬ֱץסȻһȽײеƣƺҪжһ
ȻĿ⣬ȴ
ΪоһˣææĳԼˣһ߸·һߺеӢʦܣǧ飬Ҫ˺׵δıҪúİ


112 Դ
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Ϊˣλ׵ڶų־á
ǱȺӢǿһˡҴ˵Ǽ򵥣ֿϲύѣϲĻ
ѣ鲼ţ֮УԵõһ
ȻǷˣڰôֻԼ֪
ԷԼģҲͲֱ̣ӽӢ󣬽ȫжֱӽӢŪ̱ڵϣĺߺš
־ò׵ڶ֣һ˾֪ԼжϴˡǺӢס
ˣ־òףƵʦֶôӢ
Ȼһ̣Ӣ壬Ūûһطģӱ֮
򵥵ɵü
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䣬־ɫһȻϲʦܣΪһͻԪ죡
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˵ʱ²Ū־в̫⡣־ãҲûк̫ᣬȥһºӢȷ壬ֻǹλûʲôƣ΢
ԼַһһĽӢָŲ˻ȥ

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ΧСܣӢ˵ı֣ʱһУ־岻ѡĿ⣬Ҳڲϵı仯
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ʱϥȻոӦ
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˴ԣ˵ӢˣǲŰ־ȥȻмй̵ģǷˣôҲ޷ٿء
ҡҡͷʾԼûˡ
ˣĵͷȻΪӵĺܿ졣ЩʱΪӵĿ죬Ҳʲô¡
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ҲӦ֪ŴȳΪӦԽģĴ½ɾӢƴţӢӣ֮䣬ᷢսնܵ۹壬½ܵ۹һ
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˵֪صˣȻһϲɫĵεŵһõһԴ


113 ǰ׼1
Դһ
Դ˵ϹʱڵԶž֮ȫԪһù֮С
˾Ԫϵı̬
ʮķչŻγԼĹʵҲԴ
ԴΪԴԶžԪԷȻҪЯԶžԪ
ԴʦһԴôΪȻһƷס
Щʵ⡣
ΪڵΪûƿֻҪϵԪôͻƵٶȣԶԶͨ˿ǧٱ
Դ˵Ȼкܴá
ΪԴԶžԪ˵ĹʵĹʵ֮ڣ̺ľԪʮۺʦ֮ھͻԪʩչԶžһķҲν׻
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˵ڷһԴôʩչ׻֮ȫһʦʦҲԲҪɡ
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ΪǾӢӣֲǰԸûлᣬþӢӴͷԴɽֻһá
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ⷵϻͯԼ飬Ҫȹȥḻʶˡ뵽ϣһ˿Цݡ
ǧҪ⣬ҵõ鱨һкܶŵӣͻԪıݣ侳һ죬ĶǶǿ󣬶ԴҲָܻõһֻҪɱǰʮΪ׵ȡپͿˡ
˵֮ڴɫ
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Ȼ֪ɽŵĸ߲ǣΪʲôҪšǼȻ˰ˣȻʲô壬˵ʲôĿء
ı飬Ҳһʼļ
ı仯ƺҲ뵽ʲô˲û̫ᣬֱӹһˡ
뿪ķ䣬̷Լķ䡣
ΪŴȣֻʣʱˣʱ䣬뾡һԼܶõĶʱȫԸ
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ôʩչıУȻҪһϣֻܷӳ̽ǹУֻһɱ¾ήࡣ
ȥԺܹ㷺ܿҵȫ⡣ֱǲղǹ촩أ˻Լɱɨ˷


114 ǰ׼2
Ӱд
Ҳ˵ʩչʱҲʩչΧԪ
ղһΰʦ׷׽յ񻰵ʣ׷̫£մ
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ҷȰһ䣬ģôŬŬԼȥؼڻ֮ͨſԸһЩǿĹȻˣ֮ڣѧ̫٣õʵս֮С
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رһЩˣΪ߽ݾʮ֮УһΪִ˵ˣץ޸ıȥʽôȻܸأˡ
ʲôˣһ۾ͿɽΪƿԭΪʮһЩ⡣
Ż˵һ
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ΨˣҲɽȥıӰ˳˼֮С
ΪԼ壬ë
ʺΪҲǰŵĲر󣬵һССִ¡ʵɽҲܲģǲģûа취Ϊ֪ӦνԼǰ鷳
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뵽ɽľЩŵӣָ鶼ûˣֱתͷɽ塣


115 ߵͻ
ǰյİţεŴȣϣ
죬ûм
Ϊǰıգÿһ˶ҪȥԼ֣ǰ׼
һ磬뿪ľݣȥ˱
ȥʱ˳ȥһ³µľ
ԴӴûм
ΪˣҲŬͻơ˵ǻصɽ֮󣬾͸ͻһ磬ɴ˿ɼڽڱõĶкܴİ
ǱգǱȻҪء
Ȼϵʱͳµһӷ߳
ɫȽϻҰ̳֮Цݡµյķɣǰ͵ôѰҵü𣿡
ü͵ΪܸߣǶΪüͻƵС
ѯʣͷȻ󽫽ڱ֮ڵ飬ϸһ¡ȻйԳ飬һҲûᡣ
⵽ǣǣֻûбҪἰ
ϧ˰üͣջˡ
ǰǱǵĻôͿԽǰˡ
¼ʧһǿı
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117 Ļ1
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118 Ļ2
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119 ս죨1
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120 ս죨2
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121 һһ
ӵıըܴ󣬺ܴ
󵽣ըĳԴʮ
׼ۣʱڳΧһ˵Ķűըĺġ
ۣһĸֵͬܡ
ǻ˫̥ǵǵˣһġ޿ʼʮ꣬Ƕһ˵ݸ֮֮ء
Ǿڱըոտʼʱ͸оԼ񾭣һʲôһ񣬶ȱһ
һӣҲǵһ
뵽Ǹոհɽŵʱлԭʱָǵʱ˵һ䣺˫˫Ԫ塣
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ʱҲǣһһôԻˣΪҲͣͲǰΪÿ굹ˣҲ
ʱҲӦеı֡
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ΪȥŻѡͷźӣ뷨һúûȥġ
еĹؼ֮۾վ֮УŲԶıըģĵȴ
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Ȼʧˣһûа취
ۿЦһȻûз
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һĻɫ˲һ漴ƺ뵽ĳֿܡ
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һĻεҡҡͷҲеӣ֪Լ޷ѡܱ̺𣡡
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Ψһźľ֪ۣΪʲôҪɱԼˣѾŵӣΣ뵶ȵأ
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뵽һ漴뿪˴˵ء
뿪ãһˣڸղսĵط֮ʩչһصȻһ䣺˭ĺǿԪǿΪȻ޷ԭղŵս˴ε֮УҪСĲźð


122 Ԫǿ
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ĵ֮ϣ˲ͱһǿĵԪֱӿ

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ͻȻץסһᣬֱһ׺ڹĺģԴĵطƵ˹ĵԪۡ
һʧȥյ۲ţһͨıС
ͺĵƵ֮ǸһΪͻʧ١

ڵϣһͿʼѣܿͳΪһѷ
ǰ˼ǸͮͮʵԱߣȻһοĽǸʵԼ档
ʱһɹӴԪӿ档
ǿĵԪ֮ģ侳һڡ
Ҳֱӷ˹ʵȻ
һɣǼ켸ҹٶѵʱΪѾ侳һڣԤϵһ
ĽѾˡ
Ҫ֪ЩԼĻº£ſ˵ľ硣
վ³һҪ׼ȥǰԼУڶҪĵطͲΧһɣǿϢڳԼ
ԶԷٶ˵Լûа취Ҳûʱܡ
ΪٶȣԶԶûжԷ졣
뵽ЦһԼĲٴһˡ
˼ʱԪǿӰ֮Уĳֳһ͸оϣһɿµ
ԪǿһᣬȻ΢ЦŵλʦܣһǸսŲðɣ


123 ıϣ
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ԼΪϵĽͣҲоԼĩգˡ
ǿΪ磬ûǿΪ֧ţôԼֻܵһˣΪһˣһūһԼˡ
ˣҪҲġ
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Ϊ˳ֵܣ뵶֮Уնɱһˡ˾ûɣôԻ߳ȥҲһ
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ΪʲôҪɱ
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Ԫ˵ԶԶԼҪɱҲԼһˣһѹΪأ
ԪӦˣϵɱɢԪļ򣬵Ȼˣôھսˡ

Ƿͬ飬ܲϵϵеսѣ
ۺԼʵ̫ˡԼϵˣȥټѣȻЩѣټˡһ۲ſԷġ
ȻС˵ѱ¡Ԫŵĵͷû취һЦӭһС滢֮Уеˡ
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ۺܲû˵ԪͷĵǰֻһԪһ˾ͿԸ㶨αټˣ
Ԫոջصţͽ˵ȣ֪ǰ飬֪ΪѾʲô硣
۵飬ʱокʵʡ
ɫһܿʧȡ֮һأǧҪСڵġ
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۲֪ԼӡԪΪʩչĳؼŻӵеء


124 ı£
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ڤԱߣȻվʮˣЩ˵ΪȻߣֻԪ죬˶࣬Ҳ㹻첻鷳
ĵ飬ڤĳ֣ǼɿµϢϢ棬оɱƺˣڰйעû̳֡ϵ˺ð죬ֻҪʵԶǣôԣŰɱǡЩڰˣһʵ
һԼĹͷ©ڰˣһԥĳֹôͻᱻ
뿪ҲеˣΪڤˣĵ·ÿԽ·ԼڵΪǿĻҪһĴۣ򲻿ܴȥ
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Ȼ˼ϵʱԴвҵˣֻ³һԲУһǱɱѡһ֣


125 ɱ٣ϣ
Դвҵˣֻ³һԲУһǱɱѡһ֣
ĻڤԼѣһĿɿڴ
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˵ڤ˵ĳ裬ҲĹԡ

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ˣôȻӦΪѡͨˣɽԭ̫ϳϣľͶɽµ˽⣬ѾΪһֳԽͨ˵Ĵڡ
ܿڤצİΧ֮Уһ㣬һȱݡ
ʩչɻ꣬ԼΧͬһʱ䣬ٵƶڤצȱֱ֮ӽڤ۳ģڤ˺

ڤˣ类˺һصĺ
ȻʱѾ˳ɱĵƾǣ޷ɱ
ֻȥˡ
һ䣬ֱӳڤȥ
ϧ첻ԸڤȥʱһΣɫĽĳ۵Ľ棬ֱӷһ㣬Ҫһ
㹥ţ
Цһ˲Լڽ壬̽ǹģŽԴȥ


126 ɱ٣У
һǹûо춯أҲû׶
еֻʵƽûκɫʵĹһǹȴˣв첻ѣһ
ΪеĳǹֹͣʱǹλãѾһֱۣһ羫һֱۡ
ֱ۵ˣĿҪںһ
ǴҶŵˣϵó˺ȻǷѾõһŵӣųưİ־
ѾŶʮ꣬ʮǰѾԪž֡Ϊûͻƣǰ־ѾʼӣΪԼͻƣŬ
Ȼ׼жʱٶȼ˰־ҴӰ־񣬶ֹ棬ǲ֪־Ѿһڼ׼̸ߵľ硣ڰ־˵ֻǷȱһͻơֻҪͻˣôĵƷϵȵʣԼĻô˳
侳ǰ죬˵ʲôѹ
һˣȴһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͱжһ첲Ҫ֪侳ˣû࣬ѪֶΡֱۣһжô޷
Ȼиˣʥ侳ˣԸԪôҲǿԴڳģֻʩչҩ̱Ԫ졣ǲʥ侳ĸְæǵǣûа취ı۰ԭʼı۰һս˫˵ڵһ첲͵ԵĽɵΪ
־ŭˣѾˣ޷ʩչɱֶΣֻܶƺҪԵһ
һߵڤҲһ
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ͬһʱ䣬ȵ棬һЩ侳ĳǣѾ˵֮еı仯
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һ侳ĳϣšüͷ̵ģȺ򣬽뵶棬ϣǺú˳Ѱҵһ˳ֵıУδõ֮ϣһϺõΡǵãԼڧˣ̵̫ĺˡ
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ڤŭʱԼֱӴһصĽ䣬ֱ˳ʦܣղʦܵΪѾǿ˵˵ĵزʦֺȻ


127 ɱ٣£
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ҿԺֱ׵ĸǣҾվˣҾͽɱˣ


128 ɱһɶϣ

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129 ɱһɶУ
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130 ɱһɶ£
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һߵԪҲһߣ۽ٶȵʱٶҲڻ͡Ǹ˵ˣĳǵ߾»صսһߡ
Ҳ֪ʲôȻһνӴʱֱӰװˣһѪ
һе˶ˣһ˷ļ׷һɱ


131 ɱһɶ
һһ
ÿһ˵ٶȣǲһġ
׷֮£Ԫ˾ͱһһݶӡ
ÿһݶӣֻһˡ
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οһʼҪһƣԼٵİڵľơ
ڶԷֳɼݶӵʱ
ǰӴֱܵӵת壬ֱӳžһײ˹ȥ
ˣʩչȫ٣ײеٶ֮죬֪
Ǹˣ־е㲻ҪȥʱѾߣֱһǹ壬һ
ڴͬʱû뿪壬ڵԪǣڲϱɰ͵壬׷Ǹײȥ
ڶݶӵˣһݶӵˣֻ׵ľ롣
ʱȻҲӳֻϧĹ̫ˣ쵽ոշӦո׼תȥͱŵһݶӵʬϡ
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ʩչնһݶӵˣѪ⣬ֱӽڶݶӵˣ롣
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ĹȻûֹͣΪݶӵˣѾԼĹΧȻ͵һݶӣڶݶһξ롣
ΪһڶݶӵˣɱȻҪһյʱ䣬˸㹻ʱ䣬ܺͷ
ǽʧΪʧȥͬ飬ʧȥ˱۰ô侳һڵΪĶ֡
֮ȫ˺湥ԼԪۣȥ͸ݶӵǸŵӣһٿըʽĹ

һӵʱ䣬ѾʮĴΡ
ֱӽݶӵˣ̵ĻǶסݶӵҲܴܻǣҪԲû
ڵ֮һ漴׷ĵʦܣһֻҪҲԸΪ㰰ǰ󡣡
ˣ
ʱΪҰǰɣ
ıᣬ˿ûͬԷӣΪ磬һɱ¾磬һǿΪ硣
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㶨ϣһ
漴ȥԪϡ
һΣٵģҲھ¡ΪֻʣˣȫԷֽˡ
ԼڵΪɱһ侳۷ԪһΪ䵽侳ڵۣѹ
ಣ
ܿԪߣڶԷ֮У鲻ϱ仯ʱһЦͺһڿ

Ԫˣ־ˣʼϵĺˣ˵ٶȣĶ֡
һգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿ׷ҹͣϡֻϧԪҲǿ󣬲ڵһɱء
ϾΪ˸ղŵյУȷʵ˺ء
ҪȻҲװ֮һϵ
¸κ飬Ҫ±Ǯǲõ˵ġ
Ԫļ壬Ĵ½һ壬ȻһЩֶΡһ󾪻֮ʩչԼѹ׵ֶΣһ󷴻

һֵķзɳ
Щӡ˸ָ󷨣ڵϵʱ򣬶ʱõѡñ̽ǹӴ˼̸ܵһ޴ǹ⴫ݵԼֱۣڴԼ棬Ĺ΢еٻ
ҲֻһٻΪںҲõĶԷѡ
ԵȳٻٶȥһٽӴԷʩչķһɱС
ΪԪ˵Ѿʧȥκμֵһõˡ
һõˣôŸʲô
ɱ
ǶԪõĹޣĴһ̽ԪһǡǣԪ˱֮С

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ˣα˵ôķϻ
ĵĿһۣȻһǹͷ­飬׻ϣ


132 ɱһɶ
ܣ֮ĶûһˣԵֿջ
ԪԣΪ꣬ԣ֧Լܣȫ˵ꡣ
ԣȫ˷ʱ䡣
Լһ֣ǿۣѾ׼·ˡ
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ֻϧʱһƣҲʱѣһâ֮У塣ǺεˣһǸѵƣ֪ĳˣ۵Ļӡƣһƾͻ飬ͻ֪
Ȼ֪˾˭Ȼ첻鷳
ȻѾɱۣôҲͲڹЩˡ
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˵ɱһɶҲ˲Ŵǰʮˡ˵һ¡ˣϢ֮һ˷ܣܸм
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СӵĻҾǰҵĸףڱչصĽʱ̣ǲҪ̫鷳ڣҲһͻƵĽ׶ΣŬǸˣûڵȵĻôͽ˵أʱһúû
Ǻɫ֮У̺һְĳɷ֡
˵仰֮˼һµڰеһ£֮ڻЩ˺֧ߣؽȫȻ͸ҡ


133 Ԫ
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Ŀ꣬ǻָ۷ΪܱۣߵĲΣ½֮⣬ʲôĵط
ȥͻʥ侳ʱ򣬸оƺһ
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ʱΪΪ㹻һֱûȥ̽⡣һΣϣָ۷ΪôͲ¶һˣȥ̽½֮顣
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ͬһʱ䣬֮УһЩнŵӣ׷׻ͷƹλá
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ˣ
ſͣһ׵磬ȫȥ
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ԪȻڣÿһԪ޲֮Ǿͻٶȣ˺ľܾʹͬʱҪŬ޲


134 Ԫ2
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ţһЦֱιʵ뷨ֱߣ˫§һ첲˼ѾܾûͻˣԾͽʵøҰɡ

ʱҺãʱͻƣ侳ڶ졣ҲУҵʾͻƣôҲҪ߰ʮĸſͻƣǸͣѾΪһѻˡ
ԣøңò𣿡
һˣ￴һĻôһƤֱðΪľٶΪʵڿˡ
۾˳˼֮С
ȥ˼ӣͻȻҡҡͷһǵĵС
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ȥɣ
񣬶˫֣ʱѾƿķֱ͸棬һɹԪ˳ֱۣϮľ


135 Ԫ3
ˣ
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ۣ
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һı飬ȻŮһֽԼϡ
ĽͣˣΪ֪˵Ĳ٣˵ȷʵûзػıУôһʲô顣
׵һ˲䣬ԺͻȻһת漴ָյı飬ŵİοԲҸղҲ֪ǲǷʧķˣȻ֣Ͱˡ
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ʵȻһˣѵǴ˵еģһ޶飿Щ飬Ƕһ޶ģɽ֮ڣҲûһΪʲôһأ
ˣյ伮أ鵮ʱӡԼӡǵѪҺͽ棬Կֻ꣬Լ׽ʱʲôͻʲô
뵽ӵ˷ܣæпԼֱۣ׼ӡԼѪҺ˳ͽǸ档
ȻʱǸɵӣ˫ȴֱɢһҫ˵ĹâҪʲô


136 Ԫ4
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ӵˣǾӢӣǾӢ֮УȽϳɫˣӵеʵ
ҲܣһˣΪʲôڵȣԶԷʵŰɱԼƺҪκεɡ
ǵԼʱǺܲģҲܲԸġѡģѡ˹ڵϣϡ
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ϧһˣ˿顣
ΪղűѵһĻ뵱ıۣԼһĻƣӵͬ塣
Ϊֱߣε֮£һ֮ϣֱӽķ顣
һǻһŵӣʧȥĹԣʧȥתͶ̥Ŀܡ
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ϧʱ˿̣ȴû˻ش⣬ΪѾ˳֣ʬ֮еԪȫսԼ棬תΪԼԪ


137 ɼԪʯ
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ʮӴ˵һԪ˿ö𲻵
ڵʩչֻһЩΪȽϸߵˣ侳֮ϵˣſԼʵȵ
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ʱ򣬿߰ˣҲ޷ͻơ
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ѰԪʯҲһĻ
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һ㲻Сģĳĵ̣ôͻĹģֻСǹô˵һЩǶԼı壬¾ҲҪԲ˶ߣҲΪʲôɽȾŴȵʱ򣬱е𾪵Եɡ
ոսɽأͷһѪ
ȻչԪʱѾУȺɽأӶ˵ϮҸһĴۡ
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֣ҲɵÿЦһ
Ȼʱһ۵ʶʶ࣬Ⱥ࣬ҵĵ̣һҪɱ⡣


138 սе
ȵĵǵȵˡ
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ӵȨԳƵȵˣҲû˿Էο˵ĵ̣ȣֵķΧ֮ڡ
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ǲᣬǰ˵ѰԪʯġ
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ȻעҪʧģΪΪʵ̫ǿˡеˮ׼Ҳ൱ڣ侳ڶѣȫԼĶ֡ɵģͽе£ƿ


139 ԪʯĴŵ
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΢΢ЦЦΪ֪ЩˣԪʯѹεĲˣΪȵЩһ֪ĵطԪʯֻҪץסôȻԵõԪʯ
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140 аƵ
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141 ޴й
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142 аƵ
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145 
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146 һɶ
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147 
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նʱ򣬵壬֮ͣУСӣȻӣڵ֮УҾߣҵˣһҵ
ǧѻ󷨡
֮ϣԪһȻʩչԼľϵ֮̽⡣


149 ŴȽ
ôһ£
ΪʲôΪʲôҵǧѻ󷨣ȻѲǸ˵Ӱ
ڶԷڵӡǣȻҲʧˣ
ЯʲôȻԼµӡǣ
һ̣ˡ
ķ侳ΪµȻһ侳˸ˣһʲô£
ѵˣһ侳ˣԺԼķˣ
ô侳ˣͿնɱԼˣ
뵽Ĳ֮ϣһ˿˿һѵԼĲ֮һ
УҲ鷢һҪǸˣѰԪԼͻƣֻſ԰ֲΣ
ֻ࣬Ҫڵȣô;ԲӳģԲᡣ
ŵӰʧ
ȷƣ˽ŵս״̬֡
˵һʼֻһһ̭ߵıƴ
ڣȴݱɣǿ֮
ڵ죬Ⱥ֮أЩĵ׷׳Ĵ£ȣһܵķףʼһѪȷ硣
棬ԼȣκһˣӴܳȥ
ĳЩк̨ŵӣʩչʦµ޷ݳȥҲ˵ϣױˡ
Ϊһ£֮ڵŵӣ˲أԱһ룬ֻʣһٶˡʣµˣǾӢ֮еľӢһǻ۳ǺܿͿʼжѡʵķйܣͬʱչ
Ͼֻһǿıһࡣ
Ես̣޷ࡣս֮УǺܳԿģܶζӴܳȥ
սһֱ˽¡
µʱ䣬ҲŴȵʱ䣬׵һա
һĵ磬ϷĽ磬ͻȻһ˿ɶһۣı
һ̣ȶϵеĵٹ֮ڣ޷ôͽԶڵ֮С
ԪݵԴȣԲǱչصǵ棬ֻŵӣü
ҵ̬ͬ
ȻܸӣΪ֪Լ޷ɽſ⣬ֻѡ䡣ʱڽɱ࣬ô޴ģΪĸ֣עӵı仯ЩµӡǣҲʱ򴫵˳
Ե˼һ£ӻ֣ռȵĵعԼأĴ֡
ʱʣµ࣬ѾʮˡʮˣһѪ˿Ǹ˰ɱ
ȻǵսǵľѾﵽһߵĲΡ
ͬһΪ֮Уûˣսʤǡ
˾ȵˣ֮кܶˣѾͻƵ侳ڡ
Ľչʵ̫˷ܺͼˡ
ųϵһŵӣ߰Ӧţһ̣һŵӣֱ֮ϵֱۣӴӵ֮зɳȥ
һߣһֱڱչصʱѾһԪǰڵ棬ȣԲͻơ
񵶹ȴѾôҲͲõġ
ʱͷԼѹͷͬʱضڱ任ˡ
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һޱǿϢȣȻϮ
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ԭһֱûߣЦңΪû˿ҵƤӵءЦһΪصĵӣ˽ѲϧȴûзӰ
˭ǿ󡣿ϵ׽٣侳۷׽٣ŵӣϾҪһ侳ĵˣ
һεŴȣɽε֮ϣӦÿԻһˣ
ʱӽĳϴЦһƺ֮УЩǵı֡
ȻʱѾӵվ
һսͺ֮䣬ֻһ˴һûκεĶԽѹ׽Ҳԡ
˵׽ٵˣһǿжɽ٣ۼƵԪˣô׽٣ᱻһֲӶɢ
ͬѹԼΪ¡µʱ䣬㹻׼׽٣˵ѹ
׽һֱӳϣһȭͷһȭͷͽֱɢ»ع֮䡣
ͻ죬ҾͿ뿪ˡչ֮΢ЦŽۡ


3 ָΪ


150 ˭ǵһ
ÿһ󾳽磬ֳɾ졣
ʵÿ죬һо磬ųν죬죬Ρ
侳죬侳۷塣
Դﵽ磬ΪѾһΡ
ʱһһŵӣѾһ˳ȥ
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չ֮󣬼һͳŵȺĵһȥ

ʱ֮⣬ЩɱŵӣһϲĪ
Ϊڹȥļ棬Ȼǵÿ춼űΧɱԼͬս
˵˺ˡ
ŵӣѳֱ֮ӹڵϣʹ֪ڹȥļʱ棬˶ѹ
ڵ棬ЩûвμӴȵŵӣһڴţڴЩӢǹЩǰӢΰˣǿģȷʵһȺʹ޵ˣʱһɫ仯
ôһ£Ϊʲô
Ǹˣǵ׵ʮǰôڵϿˣ
ǸˣƺǷһŵӣΪɲ⣬˵ڵȣһεŴȣͽ侳ΪӢˣ㿴壬ȻжദˣɫȻһıûУ
Ⱥ˥Ҳž֣ҿɽŵţǳ׵ĲˣӦúúһ£ȺȥȻѰһӢŵӡȥᾫӢֱһ󡣡
ţӦϵλϣϸһ£ʲô뷨Ȼδ
һʱ䣬еˣ߸Լߵ˽ţ̽š
ȵ棬׵ˡ
侳ڣԴһǿơ
и𣬼ලĳϣ·ŵŵӣһۣȻ˼ָˣֻϣǺľӢӣ꾫Ӣ֮ϣһѵΡ
ҵĵ棬˵֮ڣ߳ŵԽԽ٣һüΪΪļǵã뵶ȵʱмˡ棬춼ɱ˰֣ҲӦãһӾô˰ɣ
Ϊ߳ˣʮʮˣɽŵʷϣǾ޽еһδ顣
ලĳϣųԼʶɨһµȡ
ɨ˰죬Ҳֻּڲͣ·ˡЩ·ˣЩ뵶ȵŵӣҲʧ˽ųɡ
ѵǸڷˣôͱе㸴ˣ飬ҪʹʲôԼɳе𡣡
һ˵ţලԱʩչһ
Լһμ䣬֮СƬ֮Ϳٵʧڵȣɽĺ֮ء
ʱɽ֮ϣɽŵڴ
յ˵ļලϵʱɫѿͬʱҲ÷ŭ
ģѹңʵǿû취ھȻ˵ѹңѹɽţǸ
Ȼε飬оܷŭˡ
ϾɽŵҪɽΪԷŭҲƽϣָͣûһᣬȻɫƽĸļලϣظһϢ
ϢҲͨݣٶȷǳĿ졣
ļලϣյϢʱظĵҾͲõεˡ
˵仰ල̶Լģִ̰ķԸпơ
ͬʱˣһεŴȣΪȣôȻҪֳʤηڣ
ԼȻ˳ɣôҲͺðˡ
ֻǵк£Щһ߳ŵӣվһ𣬲ҽԼõԪʯ׷ó
ЩԪʯó֮Ԫڵȵ棬γһĻЩûнŵˣЩԪʯ֮һ۾͸죬۲ӡ
ΪεŴȣõԪʯֻҪϽһ룬ʣµĶСһµĹأҲǸոġ
Ժܶ࣬ӵ߳ˣһء
ܽ뵶ȵˣֲɵӣȻ֪˽ǳ˽һ֮⣬һ˽ػ
Щ˽ػɽһҲ̫׷ġ
ϾڣοһεŴôңôˣʣµˣϾӢ
Щվ֮󣬸ʵͼ¼ִ£ǰһʼˡ
죬һʮԪʯ
ףԸһ˶ʮԪʯ
սһʮԪʯ
һˡ
׵ɣһ˰˿Ԫʯ
ΪԻúܶԪʯȻִ£ԼõĴ𰸺ۺݣײ֮󣬶ʱɵˡ
Ҫ֪ȥĵ棬ǱöԪʯҲֻ
ڳһ֮һĵվУٶԪʯ˺Ȼԯ
룬ҲţӵôԪʯһʱ֮Ϊ˵ǻ⡣Ƶʦ֣ʱҲˡ
Ȼ߳Զǲϵġ
ΪԯվãųѾõˣ½ӵ߳
Щ߳ˣһϢۺ񣬼侳Ϊûһ˵ϢͨľӢӣҪǿ౶
һֽȵԪǿɺӢֻϢңȻովһսãѪûлظƽ
һóһԪʯִ³ϵߵҵģһа˰ʮſ飬ϸ˶һ¡
ֻǳϺܿľͽк˶ԣԪǿһһ
ĳɼԯҪ࣬ȷǵһˣ˴Ŀ⣬
ȻһС߳ΪŵһԪʱҲԼõԪʯóԪʯԪǿ࣬˽İٸ
ȻŴ֮Уÿһ˶صĺ
ʱԪǿûȤԪ棬ִº˶֮󣬾ЯԼԪʯ뿪˵ȡ
ԪһˣΪܿǵһԻҪȴʣµŵӳҽʹ͡
ˣõԪʯԲˡһٿģҲٿ飬İٿģͻһǧˣһҲûС
Ԫоյĵȴһʱңңȡ
ʱ뵶ȷգвʮӣȷһˡ
ǸලĴϣȻûһĿԾɷڵ֮Уƺڵȴʲô
侳ϣʱһĿ򵶹֮󣬹ȻǷһڶɱˣӵ֮з𣬼֮ڵ档
Ȼһ̵֮ŴУûнɣ


151 ѵ
Ȼǲκһŵӡ
ලϺܺͰɣȥһˣһ֮̽
֮Ĺϵ൱Ĳ
ŷģ뵶֮Уûк֮ǡ
ȻӵΧԼԤϵһλලԶûΪԼ
ϵˣѵԼһˡ
ߣôһҪڼԪʯ
ֻϧ֮еԪʯʱ䣬ͿѰҵġڵ֮Уһ߶ŵ׷ɱһԪʯҲֻһٶô壬ΪҲߣʮͲˡ
ǣ֮УǧǧһǾɱҪ涼ѣλܻԪʯ
ǰЩҾͺް
ҵĵܵܣǵ棬ȽҵΪȥһҪ
Χ˵ĶԻ棬Ƕڵȶܳޡ
ǵΪҲǲŬһЩĿԣЩ
ӣʲô壿
ʦһ·עʬǳɶѣҪǰ˺ֵܵʬǣһǰġ
һеڶˣֻһǧԪʯ
Ҳ㶨ˣʵ֮֮û̳أǼŵȥҪĿģѰСӣҪԪʯ
ܵ˵ǲġ
Ϊ潫СӸץסˣҶһԪʯ
ȻЩԪʯɵȫó
һ̻֮һЦֱӴǬ棬óǧһٶӣݸලϡ
ලϿЩԪʯʱ۾һı֡
ҪûɼôղžͰ׵ˡ񿴵ĳɼЩղзˣҲ͡
˺ͼ¼ִ£Ҳڼලϵʾ£Ѹٵǰǻͼ¼֮ٶȺܿ졣
ȴҶ֮󣬵һλãѾͷϡ
С˴ҶûһǼȴšǵȵĽ絽ʱ̣Ȼûгˣ˴Ҷˡ
ලϺĳϣһ£ڵ°һʮǿΪܴӵųˣ֮еľӢͻΪ
һ̸յʮǿȷΪһڶԪԪǿսԯӥ죬ɽװԡ
˵ʮǿ͹ȥʮǿһѪ
Ŵٿ֮ǰû˿ԤϵŴȽ֮󣬻һ
ȿȣ
ලڴ۷׷׵ʱվɵĿ˼ȻλҲ֪һŴȵˣֻҪ䲻ʮ꣬ôԲμ½Ϊɽ
ҪǹͬϣǿԼŬ
βμŴȵĽ
ල˵ʱҲûţһӣһ⣬зɳƮһŴȵǰʮ
ҫ۵һţȻԴ
ԼлǱȽϼġ
ֽ׶εʵȻԽǿԽãκǿʵİ취ڴ
Щ⣬ԼʮԶĵط
ֱӻӻӣͽ֮еĽȫ״ԼǬ档պ֮ͽĿ⣬ڼලϵϣΪûߣôһ顣
ȻҶպöලϼڵ˲μˣŵӣ侳ˣôԵ뾫Ӣӣ뿪׷壬ߵĲ
˼ලϵ仰ûǰʮˣ׷һչʾԼΪȻҵල˵Ǹճϡ
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ȷǵĸǣʮ֮󣬲ĵʮʮ꣬Ϳ侳һ۷壬죬ĳɾͲţɽδһӼλϡ
ллලϵĹæӦ
ල΢΢һЦȻĿһȻҲ˲ԵĵطΪ鿴ΪʱܸоһϢڸ̽顣
Ϊһϣֲǿ
ˣ
Ȼ̽鲻ˣôͲˣûʲô˵ġ
ල˼һᣬȻܷɵģʮ˵½µʱ䣬֮ڣʮ˾͸߰ɡҽǣȥһЩĵطܵѵȡ֮󣬿иߵĳɳ


152 Դ
ල֮һʮ˵
ܵ˵ɽŻǲģලϵƷǿŵùġҺûһ飬ѯʡ
ѯ֮£˶ͬ顣
Ȼʦ·ôֻвϵıǿͣͲǰôʹʧˡ
ԼȻܱǿ·ôǾͻѡǰ
ලϺ⣬ˣһ˷һƣȻظԵסȥɽڴϡ
Ȼλãɽڵĸ֮ϡ
֮󣬼ලϾͺһڳȥˡ
Ҳʰһ£˷׵
ʱ׵֮Уһա
׵֣ΪѾõǰͨϢ
֪˵һȻһ쳣ϢΪڹȥļʮ棬ŴһֱǷѳŵһ׵ܽǰʱ򶼺١
̾׵ûĵӣڿƣȴ
ֻʧˣΪûдŽ롣
ֱӴӲŽ룬صԼСݡ
С֮ǼһԼ롣ȻóһԪʯЩԪʯײһС͵Ŀռָ档
ʰ׵֮˳µķ䡣
ʱµķ֮ڣһƬ
ķ֮ϣһľ̵ӣдУֱľԡ
˼һ£Ȼȥһķ䣬ͳµһˣһǽȥˣ治̫ɡ
Ȼ˶ȥˣôҲû취ˡ
ֶΣֱƿᡣ
Ҫ֪ÿһŵӵᣬ涼ǽأˣԽ֮⣬ˣ˵޷ġ
ȻΪһȣôҲǶԽġ
ڵΪﵽ侳죬ôŵĽ磬סֻ΢һʹ磬֮У漴Լ׼õİľ֮ϡ
һ֮ȥ
ʱԶһƬɭ֮УںͳµԡѪս죬ͻȻоԼе㱣ʲôһ
ɱһͷ֮ͳµ˵Լĸо
ݣһܴĳµʱ۾һʱ䣬ŴƺѾˣǸһһˡҿɱ⼸ͷ֮󣬾ͷɽŰɣ
ҲãһûмҲ֪ǿᵽʲôز
ţںܾᣬϣɳĺܿ죬ϣɳĺ
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У֪һεŴȳ˱ʡ˵֮еĵȫѪǣ˾ɱԺܶŵӣǵĿУʣµˣ˸ˣΪʵǿ֮⣬˶ΪãҵһʵĶܹܳȥ׷ɱŽġ
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У㲻֮ҲţǸļһΪôǿᡣ
ǣΪǿô˵һֻСӣҲ̫ǶˣȻôˣƵʦ֣ϵһʵ̫ˡ
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ܺãȻûʧ
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ţ֪Ƶʦ֡
Ļشüë΢΢һ壬е㲻ͬ
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ǴֱӽӢӣǴ㹮һΪȻڽ
ҪȲμӴ½ȴ֮ڽӢӡ΢΢һЦȻǣΧŵӣԼһȥ
ҲûпֱӸС
Ǭ棬óһЩȵĶôһƷͬʱһЩ棬еĹӡ
һҶȽ⣬ΪóĶһݺԪƽԳԵĶ
ͿóྫԪ첻ѡ
һ߳Թӣһġ
ΪƵʦ֣Ȼ֪½顣֪飬ҲǺȫ棬ܸ鲢֮࣬ϣûж˵ʲôһЩĽ飬ʱһҪȹ̻
һлʾԼ⡣
һСʱҾͿʼȥ
ܿᣬֻع徲
ع徲֮ûһ˼·ԼһµʶͬʱһԼڣһЩԪᾧ
ڵΪЩԪᾧôΪȻͻһ죬侳졣
ͷۡ
Ϊȥ侳һ죬õЩԪᾧĻһֱͻƵ侳߰졣
ҲΪʲô濴Ԫʱôļ
ֻϧҪľ磬Ҫһݵʱ䡣ȽԴá
ԴǰѾʱˣһǳĶһãôӵһ޵зȻҲˣһԪһգôףͻԶʧġ
Դһڼ
ת˲֮䣬ںĻ֮УʼĻ£ΪҲڻӡ
ȷԴôͻƵ侳죬ȻʣµԪᾧͻ᷽࣬ʱЩԪᾧٿԽΪƵ侳۷塣
һڴ½֮ϣõһȫû⡣
Դ֮ͿʼҴȫתһתٶȣÿһζ죬ΪԴˣôͻ൱һ»عء
ȫĿУдڣôһ˿һûа취ӹյĿܡ
ڣ̻뵤ڴӵڶʮӣȻڴӵ棬ļҪѨλһӵͼȫ֮ԴҲױһա


153 ͻƣ𶯳
찡ô£ȻôŨ׵硣
ģǶɽ٣ͻơ
ĸ쵰ٶɽٵĵطɽ٣ܵɽˣⲻǴ鷳𣿡
ǣҿûһᱻ׵ҲȻô׽٣Ҳ֪ǲǸ췸Ҫ
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ŴȵĵҹŷˣΪеŵӣŷ׷Ͽյı仯е˶֣չء
Щԭ˯չصˣ׷״мˣһ߻ħ׵֮Уֵ
׵ˡ
׵ƵʦȻҲõ鱨ǿ첽׽ٷأǹ׽٣ʱɫơ
Ϊ֪׽ٸԿġ׽٣ȥôֻҪһͿԽɻһҡ
ͬʱų˵ˣ׷״֮зɳΧأ׽٣׽ٵĿꡣ
Щ˵Ϊ侳ڣҲһΪ
ǱҪˣһ۾Ϳǰ׽ٵĵΡһϣס˭Ȼ˵Ϊһŵӣ
ѯʣ̹ĵϣסˣһŴȵĵһҲ׵һΪʮֲֿ
ŶҲͲˣ˵ලϣûа취͸ΪԭѾ侳죬һĳط˲ţֵǺú
ҿһǷԴԲŻͻơôҲ˵ΪʵϣӦ侳졣ڷԴһ֮ͻƣʻԡ
ڣɽһΣμӴ½һԻһΣĵӣꪳɳôҲԻһΣɽŲȫ𡣡
ţ˵ɣҲ˲ŵӣ׼ε֮Уú԰԰ڣʱһҪǵֶơ
ˣעܣСǸСһ׽ٸɻһңôԽ࣬Խࡣ

Ȼ۵ʱǸ׽еᣬͻȻһâһ͵Ĵֱ֣Ӵâϣֱգӭ׽١
ˡ
ֻԪ֣ʲôģ
ȥ¹Ҳ̫밡
ȻȴûǵӰ죬ֱӽ֮е׽߬ģֻǼ򵥵һ߬ͽ֮е׽٣ȫ߬顣
찡ôһ£
׽٣Ȼܱ߬飬ʲô£
Ŷԭ׽٣ôȹ

˶ԾˣЩ߸ϵĳǣҲԾˣΪҲǵһοĶɽ١
ֶΣյҲ˶ɽ١
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޴׵ֶ֮£һɹڣΪһɹԾԪ
һƴ׽٣ȻֻǼ򵥵ĳ˲һСʱʱ䡣
һСʱ֮ػָ˰
еŵӣھȹ󣬻ȥ
ЩǣҲҡͷ뿪ƺ˼ʲô⣬ǵϣǳ΢Ц
һ磡
Ӹ֮ѣܵǹԪĵ΢Ц
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155 һӴ
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156 ѪӶ
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޵˼Ƚϼ򵥣ԲỰ̫˼ȥ˼֮ͬѯʡ
ףʹ̽ǵĸ١
ͷʥƣ³أ½üͷͲɵýһΪ֮һͷʥأûԼѹƣôؽͶ̿Ϊͷʥʵ̫ǿˡ
ֻҪڣôǵսԳƼ
Լ꣬ɭֵʱͱչ֮еʥӦƸһǡʱԼģͷʥһĲࡣ
Ҫ֪ʱʥأѾƣôսȻ
뵽࣬ÿ¡
ʥϾûгأԼ׼ʱ䡣뵽װ޵ӵԭˣǺҵõĸһġ
ԭҵһôҵԸԴΪͷ졣
ֻܱ֪ʵǿˡ
лϢֱǵθߵ׼һߵǾ˺ܲɫûеͬ⡣ں׾ת˭Ҳ֪˼ʲô⡣
ڻ֮󣬾ֱͬӽԼ¡ˣԼ̤ƹµĵһ
շޣǰ濪·һ·ϳͨ裬ֱ˻ƹųǡ
ƹ֮ϻƹųǡ
ڵأǳĳǳأѾƲ
Ҫ֪ڵɱ޵ǰأס˺ܶɱ޵ӶЩӶ棬侳ǿߡ
ҵʱĻƹųǣһĳƺǾǻƽųǡΪÿ꣬ƤëһɻƽĻ㹻ǳ
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סޣҲǺܶ࣬ϾޣûлΣֻҪһطڷ絲С
ڷ絲ĵط̫ˣһҪطס
ǳ֮󣬻һޱȽ϶ĵطһȻͷ
ƷޣҲʮͷ
ɭ֣û׼ãȫ࣬ޣûг
ȻѾƹųһʱˡ
ǳֵʱ˲ٵޣȻǰʺá
Ҳһޣʱ򣬱ܲ⣬ƺʱסᣬǰҧһڡ
ңڻһԲû̫
ƽֻһᡣŹʮӵӣһ𣬽һӻƹųǵĺ֮ؿ񱼶
ĸ˵֪ˣӣһͷ࣬Ҫҿ磿
ȵޣĿܣܿͷ۾ʱֱצӣץԴ
࣬ڿԱһˡ


159 ļһ
Ǿ׾һͷ޴֣̱
ҿǵӣƺҲûְ̳˼
һĻ֪ĵ׻ǣȷԼǷ֪еĻ塣
ϾǸ̫СˣҲ̫ˣҼҲ࣬Զڻ岻̫˽⡣
һʥأЩ֮еĻ壬ȻҪʥأػǵôܵ٣ƹųأ
Ȼǹǣûȷ֮ǰǻҪָӵġ
ȻҲеĹؼһʼҲûΪƾԼļ仰ͿԸ㶨һε顣
ʱ֪һ
Լ꣬õһȭֱӺ
ȭûоļ𣬵ȴʵá
ڹʱȭγɣһ޴ĳڳ棬Ŀʩչȭ˵ȭͷ࣬ޡ
ȭͬʽγɵצҲͬ
һȭװɵʺǰľơ
ԼĻߣ֪Էһʲô壬ĺӦһʲô
һͷʨӾ
ģצӣȻʨӵצӡ
ķһȭ֮еʨȭһȭȥʹһ֣ϵĻϢ
á
һңæıʽ
ЩޣһԴǧ꣬꣬ʮǵĹֻ֮޵ʱΪ滷ݱĹʽѡȻǵĹʽǷǳʵõġ
ֻϧھ޴ʵǰҲǷǳԵġ
һͷƷޣֱӣԼƿ˶Էķ
ˣ
ȭȥʱıˡ
˺۵ֱӰһڵϣۿžһϢˡ
ɱɽС
찡ͷȻӾͱɱˡ
˭ࡣ
һʵûǿôܽôࣿ
ףѵûз֣Ǹһܿ壬ղŹֶΣɭ֮еĻ塣
壿
ܿǻˡ
۵ʱ򣬻һڰһĭ
ΪǸղţֳ˲Σһûֵĵһʱ䣬ͳֱ
˵ǷǳʹͲӦõġ
˵ʲôˣˣҲֻòˣվ͵λλʥصĻĴҲܵǴҹͬ٣ǰ˵أ֧ԮҵȵĴ
ղλѾˣʵǳǿ󣬶ȫ޵ϢǺһ塣
ңղŹʱϵϢ̬ǵĻ壬еϢӣǵĻˣѾΪʵֻǾȡȻĴ˳ֱ֣
壬Ȼǻ塣
һʱ䣬еĴȻˡ
ҶˣôҲû̫ķӦǷ׷ǰĳĤ
ʵϻ壬֮Ƿǳǿġ
߳һˣޱȵǿɱκһȺղչֵʵѾ˶ǿˡ
ȻǼǿûг֣ΪҲ޷ʱһĤݡ
Ҳãʡйܡ
˽飬ҶԷģиˡ
ڵڻƹųûһҲ̽й޼ҵ顣
ȻѪӶţ˾󣬿ִ˵أѾ˾޴ĸı䣬ѪӶŵȫ
ֻܣմŵĵΣһѰҡ
˼Ȧ֮ȷԵĿꡣû޾סλãһͷǿ޾סҪ֪õߣһѶȡ
ȷ˻ɵĿ֮ŷĵĸ滢ǣ˻ƹųǣֵĵطոսͷ֣ͷ߾ںĳǿ޽䣬֮ĶԼǽ֮
͸оһһҪµĳ嶯ǿ㹻ѹе
ӴͣԷҲ
ոսкһһͷ˲֬ˮ۵ŮޣЦ߹Լ仯ӿͷĪŻŵⲻǻү𣬽ҪһСһ̰


160 Ůе
ͺһѧͯ
ǿˣҲӵһһ顣һںܶС˵棬Եõ֤ʵ
һ޻֮Ǿͻᰴϰ
ǣ磬ȽϷ٣߱ȽʵõĶͻ﷢֣չ
¥һĵط޷йĲء
طɭ֣Ůޣǰ뻯֮󣬾Ͳĳջǽĳʼ׬ȡһЩ档
лƽ磬ʵе̺һЩͨ
ͷŮʵһͷΪѾﵽƷֻʣȣûĽͿԳױˡ
Ħ֮£壬̲˱仯
һȽϴ׳Ķ棬ı仯š
۾ͺ񼤹һĲԷ仯
ˣ޷硣
Ҳ޷硣
ҿĶԼĴ·ƺ֣Ȼûĳ
࣡
ͻȻһĭȻ˱ڴӣûв࣬Ů࣬ôԱλϴһ
ָָ
ǸͷֻʶԲ̬˻ĻǸ̾ͳ
ǰ˶ĹʵϴεŲš
壬ôһܼܿռСˣûȤһ޽䡣
ԣǽз˶ǽ䡣
Ϊޣý˵Щ£ֻΪѣ˿ûκεȤ
ȻҲռ壬ﵽĳ־εĿֺܡ
ϣһǻˣСܼ㣬ʵҵˡЦһ˳һۣһŻµĸо
Ҫһζ
ȻҲ֪Լڻ壬ûκȤġ
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ͷһܻ˵ļһ˵һһ׵ġֻͨˣôһᱻ˵ֻϧͨˡ
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˼ȻûпŮˣʲô
ǴϣͿԿĳĳˡ
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ֻע⣬ûиΪǶѾ֪ʲôˡ
ǰǱҪСĵ㡣
Ϊ֮еĻ壬ʱɱԵκһ塣Ȼ壬һλôҲԵġ
ˣ࣬Ǿøˣ֮ͻǣǴҲʣ
ƺܿŮ࣬
Χ壬һȻû˵ʲôʲôҲԲµĲࡣ
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ΪǴʱ಻Ǳɱɱܲ׽࣬ôҲֻˣŮ˸֮١
Ů޵ĺҸ޵ĺܿơ˼һ²Ů֣Ƕܼ
Ϊĳ֣ôϣ²Ůˣͻᱻҹ
ͻȻ֣ǲܷȴĵǺޡ
Ҳк޵ģһʵﵽôҲֿ
Ȼ޵ʵȥѳԽԼĽޡ
ţ죬֮ڻǡ
һ£ΪԼ֮ڣԸ㶨顣ʱԼŮˣֱ뿪ƹųǡ
ʱȺޣҪԼôҲ޷ҵˡ
ŮˣʱֻҪѪӶţôһ˳Ľȥ
ȻŮˣƺ֪ԼˣһڳȻһĭ
˺أµĲǺԶ
ȴԼѾ΢һɱңɱҰɣҾҲᱻմ۵ġ
һҵŮˡ
һӡ󣬵ڶӡǶԷᡣ
һŮˣԷץסʵ̫ˣԼôˣǿ֪
߹ȥ˿ϧֱڶ޵ע£һȭĶ֮ϡҵʹֱӽιȥ
㶨֮ĵͷȻԼļ֮ϣ⻢úܰɣ
ңһطúһࡣ
һ䣬ҲǷͬ⣬ͿԼ֮ϵŮˣ첽뿪ҵĽ
뿪Ǹ֮һʣԼѰ޼ҷ֧ķ䡣Ȼŵǰ棬һӣԼĻ
ҲһɢԼϵϢ
ϢôͲˣϽСݵҡΪԼϢڣ޾ͻףˣǿǵġ
һȽĵطԼ֮ϵŮˣȻǬ棬ȡһɾˮ򵥰Ůһ沿
һʮӡ
꣬ϸһʱŮˣһջˮ͹µģ˵ĺ촽ƺڸˣҪһ
һ˵ˡ
ֻһŮˣȻᱻץסʵǺնౡ
ҿԼŵ
еĲӵһԣվһӽǲĵطҹһΧĻִޣѾԡ
ʣµޣԼĵ̣Ϣǽ䡣
Ů˵ϣһ磬ֻҪĴԼӽ߳
ôʮСʱ֮ڣκһޣûа취ӽץȥ
úʩ֮ͿԷˡ
ֱӻһ·ҸıһԼϢ󣬾ͳҹɫ˲ڰ֮С
Ҳͣĳţһطȥ
Ϊ˰ȫһѰҵĿ꣬ǾԼڵĵطԶһĿ꣬Ŀ꣬Ŀǰû޾ס
һҲж
û޾סĵط޼ҵıô˵õ޾סĵطô׺ͶԷӴӶսⲻϣġ
岻ͣŲƣܿͳڣԼ趨Ŀڡ
һƬ棬ǿԿĳȥһƬլֻѾķ̫ˣطѾ


161 е
Ȼոյط
ͷطһϢƺʲôסһ
ϸһ۲죬ŷ֣֪ʲôʱһޣں˯
ֻðƵʩչһֱӽޣ˵ظɱ֮۲һܣѰ
ǺլǰǰԺ䲻١
ټưˣ˺ܶطˣѰܷ۲һ£ųЩʺϵĵطһһų
۲˰죬пܣеһ䡣
ֻϧǸ棬Ȼ̻Ի͵ģŲٽ鱦ɾûѪӶС
̾ϢһŲȥ˵ڶ
ȻڶûзѰҵĶڵҹϵŲš
кüΣһ㱻Χ·޷֣صĺء
賿ңһ
ûУôһεжϾʧˡ
ȻոսһԺ䣬ͷ棬һֵϢϢ޵ϢһԪĴĲ
޵ĲҰϢǳĸͣȴûд̺УֻһȻǿߣԪԼľԼԼľǵԪԼĴԲԼϢ
ţ
ϲɫţصĽС
ȻѲһᣬͷһ˶ңϵ޸ңȻҲͨķľһַǳľ
ҲֻſԱְ겻á
Ͼŷ紵򣬾ҲһЩ仯
ȷ޸֮ͱøСġɲϣʱ̣޷֡
ΪޣƷ۷ˮ׼ҪҪһЩֽţѽɱ
ڵΪȻ侳۷塣
ȻӵսǿǱϾʵԳ־дȶľ۾ӵأ֮࣬Ҫɱ⣬ʵ̫ˡ
οΧǻһ֪һ࣬ڻƹų棬ĴɱޣǱȻҲ˹
һΧԲǧ޺ϻʱ벻ܡ
ҪСģСġ
޼ңǧҵķ֧е̡ۡĽ죬ͬһʱģҪǿ࣬ҷǳ̡
һᣬͷˣѪӶǸȣȻĿĵߡ
ܿͷǸеĵط
Ȼսͷ棬һ޴šޣĿǰˡ
һͷ򼾫
ڴϣ˯ӣһҲޡϸ۲Ļ޷֡
ҪУôȻҪ
һ£ʱ˿̵ΣȻ¶ģɱͷ򼾫
ʩչڸԼϵϢ
ϢĽӽ򼾫УֱӸʩչһ
򼾫Ǹޣ
ոճûзͱɱ
ȴܿģ㶨򼾫ô鷳С˺ܶࡣٵķŴ˵صĲܿҵһ²رҡ
رңһٷ䵹񣬺ܿҵ˺ܶؼһЩҩͻƽЩޣȻһÿռһطͻڵߣĶûеõƻ
ѪӶţֻҪУĶûָҪһЦзһߣȻرĶȫװԼǬ棬űĿռ䡣
һδһʱ䣬ͲΪԼȱٵĵҩͻƽ𷢳ˡ
뵽һҪЦĳ嶯
ǺܿƵģԲûдЦܿرңʹУ뿪
ʱɫѾʼʷ
ʱѾܣҹʱڽԱŲֻԼ˫ȣ߻ȥ
һ·ϣ˺ܶԹޡ
˫֮䣬û˵ʲôмûмޣһĿ⣬͸
ʶֹһ·ϣͻսΣſɱȥ
òףصԼռеĵط
ȻԼľʱûüϢ͸о֮ڣһ˵ɱ
һεֱӴ̫ѨһУôȻɡ


162 ƹų

һȫ
˲֮䣬·κһ飬ûа취ӱĸ֪
ʵϽǳ֮ľһֱڸ߶ȵĽ֮СڶԷʱѾоˡ
Ϊ壬һ
һͿһ룬룬ͿԴݲȵķ
䣡
Ļ֮ϣȭҲڽ֮ϡ
һǳļ̣Ҳ޷һȭ顣ȴԽˡ
˶ԷûеȶԷ̵֣ӰǹӰŵĵӣ
Ӱһɣרעɱ֣µĵӣһǳɱءܶʶ̽飬͹ߡ
ܿͷˣȻҪһ˺ġ
Ӱ֣Ǹ̿ͣ˹˱
ʱѾϳˣΪֵĵطŮˡ
ʱ䣬ԹȥҲ˸ѵʱˡ
ǧ㣬ˣһʧܰ
ʵԣʲôʵ̫ǿޣҲ֧һӡ
ҿĽӦǹӰ洫Ľ͹Ӱϲ쵼֮ĹϵӦòŪûǹӰŵˡ
ˣ鷳
һŮˣȻˣôȻĽοһƯŮˣȸˡ
ˣޣΪʲô֪Ӱţ
ƮѩһܸԵˣֻжʮѾ侳۷塣Ӱͬ棬ûκһ˵Ϊ׷˵ǹӰδ֧ѵÿɹĴɱ֮Ѿ¯࣬һЩʦҹӰŵļصĴɱҲҪġ
ӰҲѾʼŬϣֳΪӰŵ̳ˡ
ϲݣϲðպսϲԲǰɽһΣյҪ˽ɭ֣̽ɭֵĻ仯
ɭֵĿºΣգƮѩȻ֪һʲôĵطΣգһսһͻƵĻᡣ
ε񣬵⵽ľܾ
ҪһˣôȻҪε񡣿ǶƮѩǹӰŵ֮ŮŴҲעʱѡ뿪ɽš
뿪ɽţ뿪Լĵطɭ֡ʼʱﲢûʲôΣգһЩСޣԶΣգ˲ࡣ
ʮǰһߡ
һ˵ߣȻƷĴµޣֻѡӱܡ
ûıϣԽս
ȻҲû뵽Լɭ֣ɱ޵ʱѾһЩǿ޶ס֮ԣԼһֱɭɱ¾ΪԷڵȣڵȴһʵĻԼ
ȻӴܵʱΧҧÿһͷΪԪ۷塣ľӴ֮·׵ķ
ټһͷʧȥĻᣬƴһսʱ򣬶һס壬أΡ
ٶʱѾһҵĳΪΪһʱܱռеŮˡ
ΪҲ޷ס޷ؿ
ʱ޽棬һޡޣҲҲվǰļһ
ޣģŬ
ԷһƴΡ
Ȼ˯֮ٶѣѾһȽʵСݣԼΪѾҿؼԼĺ裬Ȼûбȥ·Ҳģʲô
ԷϾһޣҽ飬һĳ裬ҪĨɱ׼طһΰɱǸҪҪԼɱ
Ǿ׼ĶֵʱȴֶԷʵ֮ǿ͵Ϯ£Ҳ޷ԷɱҶԷ֪ԼǹӰŵˣ
ĵ𺳣ܾȡ
ģ츲ر仯ʱ˼֪ʲôҿԺܸ˵ĸ㣬һˣһޡԾʧңôҲûʲô̫ʧ֮ѾԼ壬ôӦ֪ԼϣûбմۡΪʲô֪ӰţǺΪӰţĴ½ܵ۹֮ϵɣһ֪
ȻشĺܺãǶƮѩȻǡΪļУӰһֱڰеɣɵĴУ͹ӰнӴ⣬˶Ӧ֪ӰŴڵġ
ΪӰóɱһֵʱݣɱ֡Ӱڴ½֮ϣһֲɱ֯
Ʈѩ˵ʲôǾʱƹųǣͬʱһޣĺ
˭˭ɱҵĵܵܣ
Ҳ˭һҷ֣ôһҪж˿飬ǧС
һǿ󣬶ֲֿޡ
ǧﴫƹųǣͿԿĳΪѾƷһڿɴ򲻹
ķ˵ĵܵܣӦþڶԷУɱǸޡֻϧûԤϵԷȻһ硣ĸ磬Ȼʱ򣬻صǾסĳҷܵࡣ
֪һ飬Ʒޣ̽Լ壬ôԼݣһعġ
һԼڻƹųǵ棬ͻΪһ⡣
뵽Ҳ֪ڵαȽϽȡԼ뾡뿪ֻſԷġ
̶ⶫƮѩˣûʱͣǱ뿪޷֣㻹֮ô㽫ˣҲ޷ˡ
һ䲢ǿţʵʵڵѡ
ΪкܶޣѾƷģЩƽʱᾭ֡һƹųʲôΣգôһֻѡ޷סƮѩʱһᱻץסӶΪ޵
뵽Ʈѩɫһףĵͷ
Լ˼ĵĵͷȻ棬һ򵥵Ľ磬ȻŶƮѩӾĺԺ˳ȥ
ţȻޣֻܿţ޷֡
һ·񱼣ȻҲ˲޵ע⡣޵̣Ȼ̫ߣҲɵӡһʱ˼֮󣬶ʱޣĲ׵ط
ΪʲôǸϵϢһҲͬϵϢҲһûУȫϳ档
ĴɻƹųǲĴ


163 ׷ɱ
һ뷨ͻеڶ
Ϊ࣬ӵ뷨ޣԼ뷨ȥ֮ԽԽޣԺ˻ɣ˲⡣
Ȼ˵ܵܵĺħɲǸˣǲࡣ
˵κһˣɱĵܵܣôͱлǻҲԡȻħĺ̨ǺӲģһʥ£Ƚϵ£ܵء
ϵκεˣɭ޼ɡ
лɵĿ֮˳ָķ׷ȥħٶȣ֮УȽϿٵһ֡
ٶȣȻ磬޷ݴӡ
ˣոտ񱼳ȥҲǶʮӣͱԷ׷ˡ
üëɵýһΪ֪ħĿºԡ
սԼڵʵҪʤôȻҪܴĴۡʱ򣬲˵ܿ޷μ֮ܿΪƹأɭ֣ⲻõ顣
Ӧôأ
Ժϵ˼⡣
ʱһֱĶƮѩѾо󣬴ĿԼȵϢ

ųɫ棬ӺϮ
Ǻħһ壬еһֻ棬׻ֻ棬һʱ򣬾Ѿڳ֡
һ壬ҪøߵΪôҪڵĺ׻ħʱûк׻ôͻ̱ĸ׳Ե
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ôڶι飬ȫһЩȽϾ޴ޡǣǮ񣬱¹ꡭ
Щ޵ΪƷӡ
ǰĽŲ˶֪һսһСģôͻԶ
Ϊ棬˶ƴ˰ɣ
ĸӣʱɫѾޱȡΪ壬Ѿڵһֹʱ򣬱һ͵Ϯһ£˲С˺ۡ
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ʱͷء
ͷۿһ£Ȼ󺰵Ļ󷨣ɰԵ󡣡
󷨣һַͽϵ󷨡󷨣ҪأôͿԵ࣬ӼˡͬʱڷʱôӶͬߣҰػ
£ӵĵӦ֡

صĴ֮ôҵ񾭣һ
ҶûкһΪѾûк֮·ˡ
ʱͷҧһݣԼһӵҲϰɣȡɱһЩޣ
ΨһԤӣҲ棬ΪͶƮѩˡ
ڶƮѩһˡֻҪԸ⣬ôʱ뿪ԼָӣҲῴԼֵܵ
ȻûѡȥôҲ˵ԼзӴܵʱ򣬰Լһ
ԶƮѩֻһϣ
ϣʱ޷ļֵ
Ϊ侳ĸӳ֣ҲõһĻ͡ϾΪЩ̫ࡣ
ЩޣȫĶ֡
ˣ
һһ
Ҳ֪ɱ˶ޣ˶塣һĹ𽥰
ۿ޵ĵڶҪȥʱ
ԷӪ棬߳һϢۺޣֱӳѪӶŵķءͷ֪޵ĳ֣һ
ɱôһޣȻˡ
ͷ죬ֱԼıһֱӭޡΪ֪ԼûһˣԿٵĽնɱ
Լ֣һԼ֣ôеĽնɱһſƣͬʱҲõ˵
޵ǰ
ͷֱԼıӴԪͷһ
䣡
Էޣ̷ֳ롣
һι쵼ߣʣµޣȻĹѡúӴܡ
һڶ
Ȼȴ֮С
һơ
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ܿ츱ӣ˹㱨ղŵս֮УʧһӶ⻹Ӷˣһƣʮء
ŵڶѾˣôĲӦô죿
뵽ͷ콫Ŀ⣬Ų񶫷Ʈѩ
ע£Ʈѩͷûйƴ޵ĵͻǸǿ޳֡
Ʈѩָһ£֮һֱעԼָ޽˵ޡ
ʱһ֣Ǹ㶨һҵʵҲֻܿٸ㶨һʣµһǣƣһ޷Էɱ
ллܰǣһôˡͷ۾棬˼飬ʣµһޣԳȡͷ­


169 
һʱ
ҲԣжݵĹͨ
磬̫
ߵСǣղһѾˡʣµޣصˣͻȫߡ
п־֮ģҲС
ΪǶΪôȻһЩӵ
ϲŭ֡
ÿ˶вͬһ֣ûѡ
ĳЩ֮󣬾ͻӰ죬Ӷ󻯡
ȥˣƣȡĲȺࡣƹųͨˣǷ﷢֣
磬ǵ˹۲죬ûصˣӦò
ãȻˣôͷܹɣצӣҵײһ𣬷һһ϶һȥǶɱ⡣
磡
϶Ҳ
ˣ࿴һ۶ԷȻֱ˱塣ǵıܸߴҲͣһ־ʹһɷ
޵ıսҪԶԶ̬ʱսҪǿϾޣܶʱЭ
˵ǲġ
һ仯Ӫ֮УͷϢı仯
ȻԤһͷ쿴һ۶Ʈѩ
ע£ƮѩĬȻĵͷȻ˲θһɣȻٵĳˡ
ΪҶףһ˿ôԼ֮սпµƻɲĥˡ
ڶƮѩɳȥʱͷתŻŵ˵һҪȥֵվɱԷͷ졣һʣµսͻᰲ࣬ҲͿԻȥˡ
ͷģ֪Ӧô
ôѾ޷вǣ֪Ӧôɱ
һȥģΪһҪȥŮˡ
ãȻˣô͵ʤɣ
ͷһűпֱһͷ졣һ޵Ķͷͷ죬ס
ʣµСޣڴͷָ£ƴķͳ죬ȫ֣޷עÿһ㡣
һ޵İΧȦȻͻһЩΪ˷ֹӴܣͳһҧԼصĲӣҲʱǰߡ
һ޵ԤҲȫս
Ҳ˵ԷĵĲܿҲʱ򣬳׵ĥΪֻҪԷһôȻûսĲ
ӦüĲսĹƣΪ˫ǰܹӶһսҲͱøӵļҡ
ս֮У˫ڻ
رǿеĽսܵ˵һʱռϷ硣ΪƮѩʵԶԶһͷ졣
ԶƮѩʵɱͷֻʱ⡣
һѪӶŵͷ죬һ˫֮ʵһĲࡣر޶ͷ죬һЩսûõͷ졣ͷ֮ԣܼãܣΪͷͷԺ;飬ս֮УϵĵԼս״̬Լ̫
Ͼʵһʱӵ̫ˣô˫֮սҲΪʱսӶɵƣԪģбʤƽ
˫֮Ųʤ
ǳõĸ֣ȴһΪӶܡ
˫ڵȣһᡣ
رһһֱѰңͻΧĶᡣ
ʱߴһȡ
һȺޣһ˺۵Ӷֱӻɡ
ѪƮĳ棬е࣬麬۽ǡ
ȴûˣʱ򼤶
Ϊ֪˲һҲһˡ
ʱ䣬ٲϵơ
޵ʬ壬ʱѾսβĲ֡ƴģѾƴˡʱһĴͷ졣
ֱӻһ²ӣͷžž
Щһֱվߵļͷޣֱ𷢳Ұ޿Х֮·Ӫ
⽫һΣյĳ̣סˣôͻϣ
סôһͻ
Ҳֻǣ֮սһӰ
ͻȻһӶͻȻתȥٶȺܿ죬쵽Ҷûʱ֣뿪Ӫ
һϣˣѡȥķ
ֻǣܻȥ
ǲܣ
ΪӴܲãһֱڹעսƵ޴ͷ죬Ѿһ㣬ߣҽץס
ȻѿԼĴ죬ֱԼĶ档
⣬ĺ
·ħһÿһӶĶصеĵ׶ڲΪǳ˵ġ
޴ͷ죬ڳԵǸܵӶ֮󣬲ûм̨ѡ
۾ȻѾڵľƣֻͷͶƮѩ֮սûгϣ
Ҫģǰͷ죬Ʈѩϣ
壬ƮڲͬĽ䣬ʱʱĹÿһιڲϵĿƮѩ
ͶƮѩ֮ľ룬ʮ׵ʱǳëצӣֱץ򶫷Ʈѩĺ

ͷΪԼ֪ĳڶƮѩ󣬿ջ湦ȴ֪ƮѩΪкܸߵͷĴˣֻһֱڵѡ
һƮѩһͽͷצӣֱӶǶƮѩҲ֪ˣ˴ͷľ磬צˣʵûʲô󰭣ֻҪһʱ䣬ôͿԻָĹûֹͣ
ǶƮѩȴΣ֮С
ΪΪޣһǸոջָΪкܶȱ㣬һʱӵ̫ô׶˾ʾˡ
վϷΪͷļ룬ܿͽ·磬ʱɥ֮޴ͷĹȥʱڸı䡣
ʱҲʱȥͷ죬еʱ򣬻ȥӪ֮УػصӶ
ۿžԽԽΣգƮѩҲò˼ԼӦˡ
Ȼ˼ʱһֱ͵ϮԼĴͷ죬ȴʱƮȻ뿪սΧȦֱץһͷ졣
ͷ죬ѪӶŵĵڶ֣ˣôʣµӶôҲûǳɱһȻʧء
ѪӶŵĸͷ죬Ҳһ㣬ȴ޷ܣΪԷΪ̫߳ࡣҶԷǳԼްΧȦʱ򹥻һԼûа취㡣
οҪܶȥ޴ͷĹôҲ޷ܣ޵Ĺ
˲Ϣ䣬ڴҶǲѵʱ
֮УͻȻһըף漴һߴƾճ޴ͷͷϣһƣǡ
һĺܿ죬Ҳ棬޴ͷԼûвοأ
ž
Ҳûгϡ
ΪԷһƣͽͷֱˡ
һĻҶˣ޶ֹͣ˹
˵ĶƮѩΨһ侲ˡ
ˣ


170 ɨǧ
ˣ
һƽ˵顣
ˣ
һƣѪӶŵΣˡ
ˣ
һƣı˾ƣ޳ŪȦˡ
˭أ
ǴҴҸ
û취ħһƫƧĵطս
Ҫһʱ䣬Ȼչ˾춯صĴսΪħѡͷطӶħɱӶԼľ˲С鷳ٸҶֵʱһֱ˼ξĻظξӵ۷ս
ڸҶֵ·ϣ˸ʱ䡣
Ҷ֣ûʲôΣյģڸ·ϣҲǺż
Ϊ뷨̬һʧȥټѪӶСֶӵĻᡣһΣѪӶţôҲܿܣʧȥõǸͭĻᣬôʧʹˡ
ڷ֣ﱻ޹ҰΧ֮
ŭˣ
ΪＯϣ֮ŵġ
ѪӶţ⵽޵Χ
ôɺϵ飬ˣôȻģôͿˡ
ѪӶŵˣѪĺӡǻм룬Ĳġ
Щʲô뷨ˡ
Ҳ޷ΪԼ⣬֮󣬾ͽԼ˼֮Ĳȫͷ֮ϡ
Ȼľܵشʵս½˼Ρ
˵һ·ϵĻָԪѾ߳ɡ˵Ϊȫս֮£κһʦ
һĴͷ죬ֻһƷޣĶ֡һ֣һƱͷѪȳ档
ɵͷ֮ŭһ
漴˲ı߽ΧޣΧȻһ£ǵԪԴԴϵĸṩԪ
ͬһʱ䣬ı壬ֱӳ޵Ķͷȥ
ǿ֮ʵǳǿΧޣ޾Ʒ֮ڵģȫĻɱΧ֮ڡһĹͿˣڣЩ޵ƣҲ˲߽⡣
Щʱսɣļ򵥡
ľƣ޵ĶͷףԼȥ졣ӣ뷨֮սĽ࣬Ҳ̲仯
ͷǺεȾˣһսΣȻΪʲôľ飬ȴʵʵŨ
һۣͿܡ
̱Լȫս԰ٷ֮һٶʮˮ׼ȫסӴܡ
Ŭ֮£޶ͷˡ
Ȼʱ򣬲һıѪᴿ˰ٷ֮һΪӲĴ죬졣
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ЦһһצӽͷȭͷץסȻֱӵؾһߡһĻ仯̫죬ͷ۾ע޷ȫֶԷĹ
ͷ壬ֱӱɡ
ߵʱ壬Ҳֱ˹ȥ
ֹȥһͷסһߣű̽ǹͳŲԶ޶ͷһɨ
һɨǴ촩ǹ棬һȽȫʽԻǹɨǺӡ
һǹȥΧǿգΧʱ䣬գϡ
̽ǹֱӣɨգڶͷֱӺɨ˹ȥ
޶ͷ켴ŭԼʱ򣬲뿪ôȻ֮ء
һҧȻʱֱжԼ
ͬʱţԼȻʣµİӣֱӴܶȥߵ̫磬һʱ䡣
һ޷׷ֻܿӴܶȥ
һƻ޴ͷ죬һǹɨ޶ͷʱһߣһֱڹעսĶƮѩ۽ǣֱӳ鴤һ¡
һȽϺսڳ鴤֮󣬾̾ӵսеıУ̱ո
ΪȻߣʵսΪҪߴԷ١ʱƮѩѾû˺֮ǣôȻҪȫɱ
һͷͳԲסˣԭǿӭսڼѾʣʲôɫˣԼ֣ôҲû塣
ȻܵͷƮѩûĹĺ֮ϣҼ򵥵Ĵһ
ֻǼ򵥵һ
ΪӰһɱɣ׷һɱκεһϣһԪ棬ƻܣӶϷȻĵ·֮ϡ
ͺλͷһ˶Ʈѩ֮壬̾ͿʼήȻĿ⣬񣬲԰ס
ųӣղŻݵͷ죬ͱһѿݹǡ
ǹӰſµĽ
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Ʈѩһոͷ죡
ô޵쵼ߣҲһ̣һ˵Ĵֱۣӻ⡣ʣµޣΪߣЭ
ټЩѪӶţΪͶƮѩˣǿĻɱˣӶʿһԡѪƴɱ
һЩʣµޣȻ޷ס
ڼ֮ʣµ̣ʼӴܡ
ѪӶŵΣҲ׵ıˡ
ű޵ʬˣһ΢ЦΪʣµʬ壬Ƕǻƽ𰡣
һսٿԵõʮƽ
µ֣ǵоͼѡΪɱޣҪܼ£ſԻ֮Ļƽ
ովսѪӶţûüһڵϣҵĴŴ
սʱûиоԼƣ͡
ǵʧȥ˾֧ʧȥΪʤΪ˻ȥȻ֧Ųȥˡƣ֮Уӿ
ǵ֮ͷƣ壬ЩߵӶ˱ȽصģòʹһЩֶΡ
æµʱҲһЩܸԼṩǿԪޣصĽɡ
ڶƮѩҲڱĿ׼Լľ
ʱɿ
ܿʮӾ͹ȥˣϢģϢˡ
Ҵӵ˾ֻ޾ɵӣƺʱ˯һ
ڴͬʱͷߣллллһѪӶţ治֪Ӧθл㡣
лҲᱻ޲סӶ֮ۡ
Цһ΢еĵڵûеԷʱԴұ뾡һսлõĶȻ󾡿뿪ɭ֡


171 ֮ǰ
ǣȻҲõǵغͳϡ
һϵ磬ǿʵôͻõء
ʵ˵ĳڣôȻõ˵ء
ĻҶ˵ֱʰһԼİȻʼոʣµƤëˡȵȣԻǮĶ
ѪӶţҶǳ꣬þɳˡǵİ棬Я˲ٵĿռ䴢
Щռ䴢ڣôոЩޣȻҲڻ¡
ڴæµʱʼĿϢԼ塣
Ȼôһ飬
Ϊ֣ղŵսԼΪѾָ˾ųɡӴԪѾķӯ
ȥĸΪޣôΪͶԻָٷ֮٣ͻһ㡣
СҲ⣬ôĵͼޣҲһô
뵽ЦݣҲø
ͬһʱ䣬ѾԼĶƮѩߵȻѾˣôҾͿ뿪ˡ
Ҫߣ
ţҸоľȶ˲٣ʱͻƣҪ̻صʦţʦָһ£δ֮·
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һûʦˣʴϻ۵ĻǾͻỨؽѰһЩʦָ㣬ǿδ֮·ϣɵǰ
ֻϧЩνʦҲֻһָ·ƶѡ·ҪԼȥߣԼûһ̳֮Ժģô޷߳ȥ
οĴ½꣬ĴʦڶƮѩǰ
Ҫָǰ·ĻôѵѡֻϧûָҾָԷҲһš
ڶƮѩ뵽ȻɽѹʵĴϣĴ½Ψһʥ侳ǿߡ
֪ôһᾪȵıղ졣ֻϧݣ¶ʱ
ڵΪ⿪ԼݵӣѾǺܾԶˡھǶãôҪƵķչͱ仯ˡ
ڸʲôأΪôˣͻȻʱļ¶һ£˱ۡ
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ڱۣԼʥʱ
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Ϊһ죬ʷƵĴɣֱͻʥ侳
ɽΧˣʥƣʥ侳ǿߵı־ɣֱǴ½һɽţڶɻȪţĴʹš
ϢôһȻΪɣͻƵˣڹȥԼѡ
ǶԼõ֮󣬱Լ
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Ҿ֪ˣΪûлָʱҲġ
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ţллĽ顣
Ȼ֪˵ĶڴȻΪԼ˵ôһôԼȻҪʾлһ¡
лл֮󣬶Ʈѩתȥˡ
ǴݣƮɵԼķô֮󣬹ӰűȻԳһʥ侳ߣʱصɣȻӵĿֲЩϵɣһܱ
һҲ֪Ǹǻ
Щ飬Ҫ˼⡣
ΪԺ飬Ҫʮ꣬ſԿĳЧҶԷȻȥԼĻȴһȥ顣
ڴͬʱѪӶԼľѾսջͷ콫Щջ棬Ȼʶһ·ָ
һᣬһߵˣƤëȻֵǺܰ󣬲Ҳϣ£ǵĸл֮񡣡
ûôǺܿܶ
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ˡ
ͷĻʵԸҵĻôͽǷݣָЩȥĵǰɣ
˵һ仰ʱֳܼı顣
ı֮£˵ʲôͷ죬ֻýԼĻߣȥ
ˣ֪㻹˵ʲôǻǸϽתưɣ
ţתơͷӦ
֮£ѪӶŽһһʮˣٵŲЩ˲ͣɭ汼ܣܿһ飬ٵİȫ
֮ѾԿɭ֮⣬ĲtֻҪtôѪӶţǰȫˡ
ǵֹ֮ͣ˽Ų
ȻѪӶŵˣȫټһ𣬵ǾͰȫˣҲͲҼˣҪ̸һˡ
ǲ뿪ɭֵģΪ֮УŹȥ˼죬뿪ɭ֣ô͵ڰ׽ɭˡ
𣿡
ͷе㻳ɵĿĽ˻ƹųǣһȺ޵棬޼ҷҵˣ
Ȼƭ𣿡
ңΪҵУӶע⣬Ҳᱻ׷ɱҲΧһ߽ͣһߴԼǬ棬ó޼ҷѰС


172 ֮
У
ͷ˶ˡ
뵱һٶˣɭ֡
˻ƹųǡɧţ͵ϮǱСȵֶȥѰÿһζ޷֡
һ׷ǧ
ҪΪˣҲɭ棬нѡ
ʵǵʱǸոպýһΣ͵Ϯƹųǡʧ˴֮ʣµˣѾû»ƹųǡ
ǲŻߣ˼εõС
ʱˣչʾǿͬʱӦǸ㶨һε
Ȼ˫̸Ӧ÷ĸ֮ȥˡ
ǶûָԻŻ
ǵ뷨ǰȥƹųǣУֻһϣһѡ
ǵһ֮
ǲ֪ԭ˵ǿ
ҲûпǹõС
ǵ˵ǰóǸ֮˶ˡ
ˣλֵܣڲǾʱ򣡡λָͷĵ
ǰ
ڲǾʱ
ҴӾɫ֮ѣȻһ˷ܵƺľ壬ѾϽˮһ
ȻҲֻǣϳֳĶѡ
ͷȽʵΪУϵѪӶŵҲϵӶŵĵȼо޼ҵ
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ߵߣֱӸһܱȻˣֱҵȵǣڣѪӶţһߵĸԶ
֪ǷȤѪӶţ
Լȥɵþ
ƺԼ߹ԼɽţɽŵĵλοȥһССӶأ
ͷ죬ܿ˹ԲˣһʱͿȻɽôĸͽˡ
ѰҵУѪӶţ˳ĽôţѪӶŵˣһס죬ǵĶ顣ʱ򣬲أֻ֮ҪѣѪӶţԶ󡣡
ĻҲе΢΢ľȡҪ֪ԷֻһССӣѪӶŵ壬˸ԣ
ƺ֪ɻͷǺǣһɻΪʲôһ˵˵ĻôΪѪӶųΨһֶ
Ŷ
ô˵Ҳˡ
ΪӶųֶôȻĻȨ
Ĵۺͷʽ̫ȤڵֻǸȽϸȤ
ֱӿڵЩԺ飬뽫֮ǰ̸õңҪȷһ¡
С˺ӣ
Щʱ˱ˣſԻøӳһ£ƭ
ȻѪӶŵˣ΢е㲻ӦǺܿ죬ͻָѡ
㽫Ӧ˵Ķóôһ¡
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΢΢ͷȻԼʶϸУһ¡ܿͷ֣Ǹصͭ飬ȵİڷڴ档
ٶȿӰӣĲҲԷˡ
ĵͷԼĶԼУȻ˫ĺѾôҾͲﶺˣΪһʦŵֻһȥˡ
˵仰Ȼתȥ
Ϊոյõͭ飬кܶҪûʱ䣬ȺӶī
ߵĺܿ죬ʣѪӶŵˣ㿴ңҿ㣬е㾪ȡ
ȻʱһֱܳĬĸӣͻȻԼ۾ͷͷ죬ΪʲôҸоһε飬ƺеƮģе㲻˼һ
㵽˵ʲô
ͷ֪֣һ˼֮ǻۡܶʱԼⲻ⣬֮̾ͻõ𰸡
֣Ǻεġ
رһε񣬿ʼ֮ǰҵųһŵҩͻΪ
ͷ죬˵Ҳ͵ڶ˵Ĵڡ
˼ͷѯʣ˼һ½͵λ룬һɽŵĵӣ߸ϣôܺҵѪӶŵˣ˴ĽʣԸǣɻƹųѰеòϧĴֻۣΪʮĻƽʣ


173 ͭϵĿ
ǰ
ʲôˣԸðΣա
İˣȥΣյ
ѵֻΪʮƽ
Ҷ֣նɱ˳ɰǧޣõʣһɻƽ֮Ҳʮ
ͷֿһ֣Ҳжʮ
һ֣ԶԶǰѰеʱҪĻƽ
ǰԱȣôԣһŵˡƣôΪʲôҪʮƽأ

һʺš
ʺŵ֮£ͷ˶
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ͷ죬˶ġûʲôǾԲġǻ֮ĸӣĵǰǼĴɵӣһΪ治һеˣ
ɻɣЩǽɻ棬ӦʲôɽĴɣޱȿصĶǿԲŻǣȥѰС
Ļһܾȡ
ΪӲ²⣬Լһ
ѾǸ񣬲ѾõˣԸõģѪӶŻڱ󵷹
̵㴢ʱ򣬿ɷʲôرĶͷ˼һᣬָ˵ĺܶԣѯǸˡ
Ҳ˼һᣬԺ棬סĶһһһ¡
˰죬еĶ֮󣬲ĵͷ˵Ҽе̵㣬Ǹ棬޵Ƥë֮ĶҲһЩǣڻƹų棬͵͵ŪĶҼЩûʲôֵ
ôǷʲôĶ޷ģһתȻ뵽ĳֿܡ
ѯʣ˼һµ棬ںûʲôĶһͭ飬Ҳ֪˭ջĴҶӵģΪЩջ񣬱˶ˣҾûдͳĻҲҪ⣬ôҲֻǸͭˡ
ͭ飬Ǹͭʲô·ʲôģͷϸѯʵ
û·һͨͭ顣ֻǸͭûղҲ˺
ûӦþˡ
ӿЦһ棬óһͭɵİƷóֱ֮һͭİ裬̷ֳ롣
λˣһͭĶļ̶̳ȣ޷ǵǸͭ飬ӦһϡеĶ
Ļ˵һ
ϧǸѾ˳ǿûȥúоо
һӶ̾Ϣš
ȻĻͷȴҡҡͷûõģǺЩɣĲࡣȲ˵ǵʺͲǵĵΪ۹⣬ͲǿԱġǸͭֻһͭѡڴɵĵͿԿĲ֪ͬʲôӦζá
ͷ˵ʵԴҺ׾ȥˡ
ЩӶʱ򣬼ɵʽֻ˶̭ˣûгΪɵӡ
ȻҲһЩˣǱ̭Ĵɵӡ
ͺ̫һˣ
ǶǣΪ걻ţ޷ΪӢӣֻţΪһӶԼѪȣ׬ȡǮ͵ҩ

еӶ̾Ϣһ
ڴͬʱɫѾ
ͷ쿴һ̫Ȼˣ˱ϾжҵȣǸҲǸ͸Ҳûʲôġ
ҲֻǣͻȻ⡣
ͷĻҶͷ׷ʰװסĲtȥ
ѪӶȥʱѾɭ
һ·ϣ˷ܲѡ
Ϊ·ϣڲϵģԪ̽ͭ顣
̽ÿһζʧܶաûʧӵ˷ܣΪԽأôԽڴ
ܿ죬Ѱ˵һȽϰȫɽ
ɽΧһ磬Ȼ沼һؽ磬ɽڸ
úЩʩ֮ڴģͭƬó
ͭƬһע⡣
˿ûйߣͺһͨʹһѺ֮ȴһϸ΢ҲصСס
ЩСףȽԲġ
ϸôױԡ
ЩСףƺһӵװãʵͭƬƺԽһ𡣡
뵽ͲٿԼԼʶͭƬҲó


174 ı仯
һóʱͭƬõĹâ
һͭƬһóӣûκιʡ
ͭƬһóڷһôӣûй
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ΪԼʶͭƬٻʱ
еͭƬ˲䷢õĹâֹâ˲ںһ𣬲γһţŹֵĹâ
Щâںһ
Ȼ·һһ
æ֮£ԼΪȻһ޷ٶȣͣߡ
һգ۵Ĺԭ˻ԭΪԪ㣬޷ľͱɹâƵ֮£ֱӻָ
ֱڹâ֮£ΪȻֱӿԽ˼С磬ֱӽ۷塣
һ
ٶȣɣԼڽ֮ڣͻƵ侳죬ܱƽ졣
뵽ԼһеĴֵۣõġ
Цһ
Ȩ߶ԪͭƬںһ
ȻԪĴ߶֮£ͭƬڻԷڲԪӶںϡ
Ԫںһʱ
ͭƬѾҲֱ˴ˣͺǱһһ
ˡ
һţͭƬͿԸԼޱߵĺôôټһͭƬôʲôĸоأ
뵽ȲĿȥ
һ¶Цݡ
ͭƬϣȻԭģΨһͬľǣصɫʣҿӵء
ȻҲûֱӵĸı䡣
Ҫ˵ֱӵĸı䣬ǴĸָӵĴҲӵʵͭƬ֮ϣһŵͼ
ͼأҲ⡣
ڣ㲻ͼʲô塣Ҫһʱ䣬ϸоͭƬ
ۿ֮ٶԼԪҪͭƬ֮УǷҲı仯ʶո͸档
ͿͭƬ֮УȻγһ硣
Ҫ֪ȥʶ޷ͭƬڲģԶ磬˽Ĳ̫ڣͭƬںһ֮˳Ŀ硣һţ֮䣬֮ϣһң֮ϣдʲô֣ûҲ޷
Ȼ磬صĴ֮⣬ҲûκεĶ
ܻߣҲء
û̫ûǣҲûзꡣ
Գһ磡
ʦѧϰʱȴһš
ǾǴ˵֮УĴ½塣
մ˵еĴ½ֻ֮ϣһƯСĴ½֮ԣһޱ޼ʵĴ½֮½
֮½֮ϣʦɡ
Щɺ͸֣һԸĴ½ĸ֡
˵Ǹ֮½֮ϣʦ֮ϣӴĵ۹Щ۹ڲϵĸ֮С
û꣬ͻһ۹
Ӷһµ۹һµ۹ô֮½ʦΪ;ҲӼΡ
˵֮½ĳס
ںܾúܾ֮ǰĴ½һ֮½ʱ֮½֮ϣһǿĵ۹
ͳ֮½߰˰֮ã֮½֮ϣһĴµʦ˵Ϳ硣
ν磬ޱǿԪͿһµ磬ͺһ´½һ
ֱӵӣǬĿռ䡣
˵ǾС֮ӵе
ǸʱĴʮ֮ǰ꣬侳ʮ֮ڣضʥ侳ʮ֮󣬿Խߵľ磬ưһ
Ǿ޷硣
ͻȻ䣬ˡ

ˣ˲߽⡣
ʱĸ׷׸ԳΪ߽µĹȡ֮½˻ңսʱ
Ҳһʱʱ
ʱ򣬴һӣоѾ췦޷ȶ޷֮˵ս
ţı䣬Ĵ½
Ĵ½ĺģʽԼλú͵ʩչһ״ǧ󷨣Ĵ½ֱӴ֮½ϸѳȥΪһƯ֮еĵ졣
λӣĴ½֮ϣ½һ
ӣδĴۡ
ֻϧλӣĴ۽Ȼûг̫ã޷Զȥ
Ϊڼǧ֮Ҳܵ۹
ĵˡ
ȻҲֻǴ˵ǲģû
õʷ棬ûļءʦҲֻɽŵĵ伮棬صĶ鿴һ˿
Ȼеϣʱľƺ
룬ҲĲ˼顣
ϣܵõĴۣĴУ֪Ĺȥ;ôſ֪Ĵ½֮⣬ǲһ֮½ġ
˼֮½ʱǸоĴ½ƺĳֱ仯ȥı仯ͬ
رʮʱ棬Ĵ½תʽڲͬ
뵽ֲɵãʦյʱ֣˵һ仰
ͽ֪𣿡
֮ǰҲԼֻʣʱҾ;ʩչһһ顣
飬Ĵ۵Ĺȥ;
Բ²Ҿ㵽ʲô
ԭһжġ
ңʮ꣬Ĵ½ͻᷢޱ䣬Ӷı½ʷͽ̣ϧҸϲֹԵʱ
ļ䣬ԼλһͿʦƺһ֮УйĴ۵顣
ҲΪˣʲȻֻһ侳죬޷ʥ侳ø
ʦƺĿܣĴ۵Ĺȥ;
ĻôĴ۵Ĵ˵Ҳġ
ˣ
̫ѨţֺڴĴ۵飬ģôʦ˼ҵԤ⡭

ˣ
һһɣ
˼ʶϳȥ
ȻˣŴĸ֡ʱĸ֣Ҳ˺ܴı仯ʼĺɫڵĳɫ
ɳɫִ֮ĸ֣ȻøӸеĵ֮ۼҲøԡ
ֻһۣͲһ򣬴Ӷһ硣
ڴͬʱ֣һ⣬Ӱ֣ӿԼľ֮Сƪ֣ȻǴ¡
ֻ£Ѿڲͬ
ÿһ֣رи·죬ƿ֮һµÿһ֣һڸ£ĺ塣
쵱Ԫ


175 ֮
ɵİ
һεĴв̲첻ݵ˼
Ĺע֮£棬ÿһֶʶ棬γһһŹֵ·
Щ·һ𣬿γһϵķ
ȻЩ·ɢҲγһһͬͻƵ㡣
Щֵӭ£˶ڱ仯
ÿһӣ壬ͻųһЩʡ
ͬʱȫеҲκȫĵͶ͸֮С
һ̣ʦ˵֮еĶ򾳽硣
ν
ʱͻȻ֮䣬顣
ͻȻ֮˴ԣԼĶʲôЧʲôرԼӦ
һˣһôڶ֮󣬱ȻͻͽҸӵó˽ĳͶ̴
򣬲κһˣԶġ
ǰʮ꣬ҲΡ
Σˡһ侳һ侳һ죬һ졣
ǰΣֻΪȻӡ
һΣֱ˶ʮ꣬ǰʥ侳Ϊһߡ
򣬷ǳ˽еԼӰ졣
һζ̷֮ſȫĵȥ
ôһҲ֪£Ҳ֪ʱա

֮£
ɭֵľֲϿգͻȻһ
֮£ɭֵľֲ˴ΧӴ顣ΪޣҪͻƣôҪ֮С
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˵٣һ֮أܶ˶ûа취ǴɳֻкһֽӣſԷ⣬Ӷ˳
ô޵֮УǱ٣ӿµĽѡ޵Ļ֮٣֮٣֮٣ޱȿֲ
һǧ࣬٣ôԻʮҡ
һǧޣ֮УôԻ
޵ӴǷܺԶԶ࣬ô֮еĸ֣ˡ
֮Уûνĸ֣ô磬úƽࡣֻϧ飬̫ܡΪ֮ϣһûޣҲûûҲûʦڵıҪûΣգ˭أ
Եɭֳٵʱе޶ʼӴܣǸطҲͳΪһյ硣
ϾûˣԸȥŭ
οǿġҲ˵һ޿ô֮е죬ͻð죬ޣֱӸһʺСһУ
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ˣһ˷ˣԲŻɽ١
һˣӦȥרɽٵĵطȥɽ٣ȥԵĵط
ҵϳıôһӣ¶Ϊһҡ
ҵ޶ղŶûдӳȥˣбҸߵ𣿡
֪Էĸһ壬һҪɱ壬š
ҷȰһ䣬Է֮У֮ǿôһɽٳɹͲҿԵֿˡɲȥΪһңô޷֪˭ˣ̸ȥأ
ߡ
ȻЩޣȴ֪ǲԶ̸֮࣬
ˣһ˱ſ֮䣬˭Ƿһһһӣһӡ
һһЦ档
ˣȫ䣬ȴվһ𣬴һ֣Ļ档
ʱǸӴ꣬ӣЦĵȺ޴ޣǴҪȻ޷ǸȻǿ󣬵ϸһͿԿĳԷ֮еϵ׽١
֮УôͲ֮٣֮٣ôɭɽ٣Ҳûʲô˵ġڶɽ٣ôʱӦʩչӶƻ׽٣ԼǸ˶ɽʧܡ
治֪Щޣ֮ͣοԺ࣬ǧ꣬ûܡ
ҽԳɾʥôӻ֮䣬ͿԽޣȫݻ١
ϻ࣬δôı£ӦöЩ޶ɧ꣬ŨüۣܾҲʣѵ滨ֵ֮Ȼ࣬ôۿɽ٣ҲͲ̫ˣھȥɣ
Сѵǲȥ˭ȻɭΧɽ٣Ӻѯʵ
ʲô
㣬˴϶ɽ٣ôʲô֣
ңۿ׽٣ҷ֣ҿܲĶ֣ţȡ裬ôھתȥ
ðɣ
޷˵꣬Ҳֻãεתȥ
Ȼ׼תȥʱ
ϵ׽٣ͻȻֹͣת
һĻ仯ͣ½ŲüյˣѵǸˣû׼٣
ɽ٣
ôȻҪ׼ţҲףΪһʱ䣬׼㣬Ӷֱ䡣
׼ôˣ٣ҲһԪ񣬵͵ȻֻʣһԪôҲûʲô˼ˡ
ҸղŶɽٵʱԵķ֣Щ֮˿ûд򿪣ɽ֮˵ĻҲ˵Է׼׼ĺ׵Ǹ׽٣Ӧ޷ʲô̫صӰ졣
ôһתǸ˾ֱˣһʲô£
˴۵Сۣɽ֮ˣ׷ʲô顣ʱϵƣҲֱƮɢˡ
أִ»ָյİƽ
񣬸ղŵ׽٣ûзһ
޴ǰǵ۾棬ȻоеŹ֡
ͻӲͬǵķӦȽͨһʼ϶Ǹ׽٣֮С
֮УӶޣÿ궼һȺ
һȺޣڶɽʧܵʱڵһһȻҲᣬ٣׷ʲô޴ı仯
ǿɽٽ֮ɢһĳȥҪԼأǷ񻹴ڣԼ˺£Ƿлŵġ
Ȼǲûб̫ϣֻǻڴ飬ȥһ¶ѡ
ǿʼжʱ򣬻ȴһӣ꣬Ů˿Լһ
ڻӵע£ڶסԼѹֱӳȥͬʱȻ뿴﷢ô飬ôǾȥһ۰ɣ


176 ۷
Сôɰ
Ȼô˵ʵȴһ˼
Ϊʲô˵أ
Ϊڵһϲ뷨ƺ«ʵϣҲȥ˭ɽ٣ֳʲô
˵Ҳ˵
ĳЩʱ֪ĺѣӾͻ뷨ҽ뷨˵
֪ѡ
ֻҪһ񣬾Ϳᣬϸ˵
˵ʮУжʱҲȽ
һ·ϣûޡ
ܿǾ׽٣Ҫըĵ
棬ڸߴۿ׽ٵʱֻǸо𺳣оƺܴ󣬵ûʵܣԲ֪巢ʲô顣
ǣ侳ǲ֪ԶѾӡ
ǺӣȼĻ档
ⶼ׽ٵĺ֢
׽ٵַΧ֮ڣ
˵ط׽ֵķԲ֮ڣѾǵĻ棬ǲ֪Ǹ׽ٿµĳ̶ȡ
Լ׽٣ôǷԶȹأ
ˣͬʱԼĵף˼⡣
Ȼǻ࿴һ۶Էͬʱ֪˶ԷĴ𰸣ΪǵĴ𰸶һģԼ޷µ׽١
뵽ǻ΢΢һ
ǵڶθо־壬ٵĿ־塣
һΣǵһζɽٵʱһΪţٵĿ֮˴ˡ
˼׽֮ǲףԭ֮ϵ׽٣ֻҪ׼֮ôõģҲη塣
ǽ죬ǲ֪׽ٻ˵ǿ
ͬʱҲΪ˼룬ǸӵҪǸɽٵˣһʲôǷ񻹻ţ
ɽʧܣˣôǷʲôأ
ʲôΪڶʲô׽٣һɵĵӣ
ͻˣ⣬ҪѰҵǸɽٵˣſԵõ˵Ĵ𰸡
Ǳ룬Ľĺġֻǲſԣһõ𰸡
Щ޴ޣͻһĺģӶƻԼҪõĶԼһЩҪԼᶨ֤ݡ
ѹԼȨ˹ȥ
һܣôȻй¶ǵټΧޣ޺࣬С
ʶͳǵͬ࣬ǣѹǵռ䡣֮ΪǿʵֻΪΪ˲Եѡ
ÿһޣԼʱ򣬻̵߲ʱ򣬽ԼԼһЩӡԼӺʹ˵Ժ档
ȴԼĺӣɳһˮ׼֮ǾͻЩ䣬Ӷ࣬һȫ⡣
ҲΪֶΣޣΪݵС˫һ棬ǲݵĳ档
Եͻӣȫܵʱй¶Լݣ֪ࡣΧޣ̷ع԰һŭĳ
ͻӣûֶΣʩչطԼװ޵ӣӶһ²Ҫ鷳
λҲһ鷳ˡΪڿЩʱһɫ˿塣
ʲôޣһǵǰ
Ǳ꣬һȭôǱӣһӵķи顣
Ҫ֪Щ棬ҲһЩǿĴڡƷޣ½½ʮͷڳ̵ʱǵ֮¡
һĻǳѪȺͱԵٶˡ
Ȼ˫Ѿˣһǲݵôɱɱ˵ĽʲôӣҲûȥƽǸˡ
˵ֻҪɱ޾ͺã
˵඼ǸɱǣԼֻͬΪΰҵԼѣȥ֮ЩˣҲ̳еġ
˫ɱɱһ·ĺġ
һɽ壬ɽ֮Ѿкܶطѣʱ֣ܳɽ廬£Сɽ壬֮䵹ĳ档
˫ʱֹͣ˹һŶԷͬʱΧ
ڴͬʱ۾һתָŲԶһΪΧֲʯڱ飬Ӷ¶ɽڣС㿴ûв´׽ĺģǸɽʧܵˣӦþ档
ȷС
ģСĵԼظȻָɽΧѵûз֣кܶطǾģرһЩطԪʯѵĺۼɴ˿Կĳ׽ٱ֮ǰӦһ󷨣󷨵ķ


177 ۷壨
ӵԼʶ̽һ£Ȼͻһһ
꣬һ
ĶͻȻҲǵע⡣
ʲôǲǵͬ࣬һࣿ
ģ֪࣬Ӧý
ǣǾӦʩչֱӹطǸƣӦֱӻɢ
˵ʲôˣ࣬ܿͬ飬ǽɽ棬ôܻܿʲôӰ죬ԱҪȽǣסȻüϤͬǣһƻĻ
ãһҪһ棬û׼Եõõ鵤ҩ
ţ˭Ϥ
ҡϤ
ӥôϤ
Ǹһõĵ̣ȽϤرǼɽֻҪڣôλһһУѰҵǸʱҲֻ࣬λܸһĵҩҶɽٵʱƽһЩϣ
λӥȺ棬Ϊһˡ
ΪֻһƷֻܻûһͷ­һģһ֡
ôһ˵ͬ࣬ЩޣҲûжɡֱӵͷͬһȺޣֳ顣
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182 컨ŵ
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⽡еȻԷûз֣ڵԼڸı䡣
⽡Ҳûʱ䣬컨ŵ˷ϻеĿֱӲŲˮһ㣬ֱӳ컨ŵȥ
Ķ컨ŵȻҵĸˣֱվһȻʩչĹγһ󷨡󷨲ͣתʮֲɡ⽡Ŀ󷨵һǣ컨ŵĸˣͽ⽡ΧСҵ컨ŵӵӰûһӰԼĹ
ȤȻ컨ŵһ󷨣ĻֻϧⲻŮʹãܷӳʵڲ롣
ֻһۣͿ󷨵ҪŮʩչĻô⽡Ҫʮ֮ڣոǵеѶȡǶԷĸˣѡ󷨣Ϊ̫㣬һͻʧȥԭӦеɷ
ʧȥԭеɷô󷨵ҪĳɡʧȥĳĻôҪס⽡ϾͲˡ
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ΧĻ⽡ݽͻȻһ˶˷ϵŬѰ
⽡Ļȫתʱֱӳһ㿳ȥ
ܿĽС磬ʺɾĹǵ󿪴ϣʮָ͡
⽡һεķ֪ĻҪƵˡ
Ȼ⽡һ£Ļ棬ǸΪļһͱ¶˵ǰΪһ㡣
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һ⽡ʩչĺɴ˿Կĳһϰڽ֮еĻķǳʵ
ˣڽ֮ϵĳɾͣȻ

սʮ׵ľ롣
Ȼս֮⽡ʩչ߽ʱķŷʱһͷ˳ŷƮԶ
ģ
ģôһ£ʦ˵Ļ󣬳侳ˣ޷Ƶ𣿡
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ڵǣ˵ǽˣǷأеѡ
⽡Ĺڣüͷȴһ𡣾ڸոնɱ컨ŵӣƵĻʱʵ׼뿪ˡǵ⽡ʽԼתķʱֳӣƺϤ
һʱ䣬Ҳе벻ʲôطͣ뿪ĽŲ⽡ʽԼİ취

һֱۿ⽡ʩչʮУһ컨ŵӣֱ롣
ˣ컨ŵĵӣȫ
ʵ컨ţĴ½Ǻġǲɣһɡ˵ǵĵһǶܵ۹ڶλʵ۵̫ࡣλʱ򣬾ڻʹ棬ӴָؼŻʵϰաܵڶλʵۣȫһգ˵Ƕܵ۹ʷϣΪߵĻʵۡλ̫࣬ǵʱڶܻʵ۵֣Ҫǿ
ȵ꣬ܵ۹ĵڶλʵۣΪԸߣټһЩˣӶʱС̫࣬Ҳ̫࣬ڽλʵۣϱ֮󣬾뿪˻ʹ컨ɽ컨ţŬʮ֮컨ѾһĹģĴ½һáױϾˣ˶ʮ͹ˣһ컨žɴѹһٳٹȵסһڣ컨΢е㸴գ½Ĵ½һɵУͳһɣȻе̫࣬
ͺñȽս컨ŵĵӣΪҲֻûиϣ⽡ҪôɵĻʤܡʤǻʤֻ컨ţ֮ڣ̫죬ƺҲʲôɸ˵ܡ
·Żرϣ⽡Цţ޻ߣֱӸһܱС㻹ţΪɽ棬ֱӾȥүأ
Ļ޻Ķ֮ϣ˲һ˿亹
޻겢ûջΪ֪⽡һˣˣʵô˵˼ܹģܵԼʲô⡣
㶼ûôأ
޻ҲЦЦȻӦһ䡣
Ȼ̸ʱǸѾһɽ壬ڰһֱӵڵϣױ
ԭǧ׸ߵɽ壬ֻʣİ׵ĸ߶ȣɽ壬Ҳûκɫʣֱһһķذ
ŵɽ壬޻ɫеѿ
ǰǰһ㣬ֻȥʮӣߴɽͱˡ첻⽡ǰô·յ󣬻Դ߳ʱ򣬱ɽļʣߴٷ֮ʮ
֮ôˣΪ
뵽޻ץס⽡ļ򣬼ĵС֪𣿡

Сɽ棬һ·
ʲôģ
Բ²˳Ǹ·Ȼҵһˮأˮ棬һˡһˣģȻĻҪ࣬Ů˿ȥһĶֻϧһˣҪȻһ˹ȥǩһ
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޻걻˵Ůˣ⵽Ϸ
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뵱ͻ޻ʶʱҲǱϷʱһʼʱȫһ˵ģ
ʱӣǽķֶԷģ𽥳Ϊѡ
⽡ЩʱȻ޷ס޻ˣåԡ
ϧ޻꣬ƺһҲ뷨ɺĵر棬˻Ҫΰ
⽡ЦһֱӸ˻޻һȭУܲܽ⣿
ðɣ֪ԱȻ㲻ǸôҾͲ˵޻аЦһһƵóѵӣҪ˵ģǵϵķװʵǸ˵ġǸװǱġôҲ˵Ǹ˾Ƕɽ֮ˡ
ŶǸ˵Ȼû飿⽡Ҳˣɵ
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⽡˵޻ܵĵղҲһͳˣǸɽģѰҵԼµıǣܴɽ߳
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Ϊ׽ʽܵ۹ֻһɵĵӿʹáɾš
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˵ÿʮ꣬һεӣÿһյӣֻʮˡʮ˵ĸǣһĸǡ
Щ߳ĵӣ֮
֮ԣʶΪûмɽŵʱҲңõŵټӶȥţһſ顣
ʱĿݣ˭ʮ֮ڣһ׽׽ֽɱʮ⽡ʩչĽǴɱʮ֮еĺɨڡ
ֻϧʱȻԣԲ㡣ֻ˲˳ɵʽͽ⣬ձ̭
ԺͼΣŬճɹļɽţʣõɽŵһʶΪһ·ǣܿΪɽŵǣһ·ܣĴ½һ֡
ҶˣʱĴ½һֵǾΪĴ½һֵʱһŶҵˣǰ
Ǹ˾ŵĵӣͬһšˣûпϡ
˵Ϊ½һ֮ǰսʱһսóȫˮ׼ȫΪԼɽŵĸĽԸߴԷΪʵҲֻȶԷһС
ģڹʮ꣬ͳɹͻƽʥ侳Ϊ½ϵĵһǿߡ
һΣҲûǰս
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һԵȷǰˣŵĵ֮ûǵߡرѡվ⽡󣬺ܹĵôлҰ


184 
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ԴԶ
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һھͽǵ޻⽡ˣ΢е͡Ϊţʲô鶼ΡһΣݡصݣһСɵĵӡ
ԴӰǰ뿪ɣ뷲⻹ǵһΣ˿Եɡ
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˵ʨɭ֣û˵ʨȰ
ʨһ֮أͨʨһɽ
ɽ֣˲ʨ֪ǻɽȴ
ɽɭ֣һصĵط˵ǵ꣬񣬷ӡʥĵطȻֻһ˵ʵɴûа취⿪
֣ɽֻ棬ȴûпܡԵʱΪֻһ鹹ĳǴ˵еķӡ֮ء
ɽǰֻһɽѡûʲôĵطһսȴеġⳡսʱҲΪѵʱ򡣵ˣƴնɱʥǲ룬ʥȻڶڻɽҽ֮С
ԵһսʵĿˡ޲ôֻʱ⣬һҪ𡣶ţȻǿ½ΪΣôȻҪ֡һʮλʥں׼ط½ɱʱ˻ɽ֮ϣĸĴۣڻɽ棬һ
ڵʱŵʮλĸԲֻ֪ԻһʱԻһʥһɽʥĵ̣Ϊϲǿǵ꣬ǵûа취ֻѡڷӡ֮ÿ꣬˵أ֮ϣ಼һЩģֹʥǰء
ͬʱǻὫÿһΣ̽õ鱨ܵ͸ɵͶܵ۹Ļҡ


187 ⽡ɽ
Ȼһεޱȴ󣬳Ѻۡ
Ѻһ֣ôͲͲܼӡʥ
Ҳ˵ѾٻıԵŹ˶ãͲˡ
һʥ֮󣬱Ȼϯ¡
Ϊ޻⽡Ҫʨȣʨ֮УѰҵƴȻܵ޲
Ǹǵõ鱨ڵʥѾܺ幵ͨҲ˵ڵʨȣѾ÷ǳӺΣա
û侳ΪҪУѡ
ԱȥΪǵʹ
֪Ϊʲô
ʨȣʥŷӡ
ϼۣͻȻʵϣҲ뿴ʥʲô죬Ȼ˵ǿ
ڵҴ汲µ棬֪һԣ֪ʨȵͨ
ѵĺ᣿
̨֪˵ͨ⽡Ƿһ
ǺǣҲʲôĺᡣ֪ʨ֮أֻźϤΪҪԣԶɭֵÿһطĶĺᣬҲǴڵģֻڻĺأܶ˲ǾģʲôݴŰˡ
˵֪ͨʱ򣬵һʱ뵽ĺᡣΪţŲ֪صͨ
ңҲǵġ

̨룿
ҶʥܸȤϣǴҹȥԶԶĿһʥҲûкӣֱӺ˵Լ뷨
뷨⽡ͻ޻ˣһ̨ۣΣ֣ʥͨһСģͻġ
ΣȻҲֻǵģʥûд˵еǿ󣬴Ӷʧ
Ļ⽡ҡҡͷԲʧģʦĴ£ʨȣֻһɽһʥҵ˰˸¡˸֮ΪʦһѾˡ
˵ʱ⽡˶һ¡ȻĿ־壬ص룬ҲȻϾǸʱ⽡СɳĻ
ȻˣôǾͳɣһۣѯʵ
ѯ֮£޻ԥһµȻǿһһ£һȥʨȣ漸ʺܵͣδܷ֪룬㻹֪ͨһɽţһ£ھɣ
ǸղŸأֻԼ֪ܸ߸ˡ
ҡҡͷ֪ʲô
飬Լ֪ˣû飬﷢飬߸ɽŵ쵼Ϊ黹ûиˮ棬ǳʱ
ֱӿڵ㲻õģҪȥģʲô飬ҿΪԼ𣡡
ңҸȥʲôʧҲõģΪû֪֮ʶ
˵ĲΪһˣѾȫˡ
ȫõģǻ޻⽡һۣԵͷ
ˣʰһװǰʨȡ
Ϊ֪֪Ľʨȣһ֮󣬾ͻӡ
ͬʱˣҲٲϵĥϡ
·ߵʱżҲԼ۹⣬ȥָһ⽡ͻ޻ꡣָ㣬ܿͻõ޻⽡֤Ǿȵķ֣ʵף۹Ҳǿ
Ҳܺ棬˲ţΪʲôûнţɽšҪ֪ŵݣǱɽţҪǿࡣŵ۷ʵҲԶԶɽš
ܵ˵ŵĳǼһ𣬼侳ĸ֡ɽŵ侳ֻ֣ôСèֻ
ɽŻǱȽϳģ֮䣬һЩϵҲû˵ʲô
죬˽һɽֹ֮ͣ˼ǰΪǷ֣Ϊϵĸǹµ֪ʶ;飬⽡ϵڽ죬⽡ԼȻﵽƿ
ֻͣһصĵط⽡ɽ١û취ɽٵʱɻɧţԴֻܰ
Ѿ룬ɭֵĺ֮ء
طСһ㣬ôʱ֮ءϾޣɲܵΪǵĳУǺ޲ɱ࣬Ϊǵȸأ
⽡ѡɽٵĵطһʵǿɽ
طɽ٣ͻ޻ˣĿԵֵסһ޵Ľһ⽡ɽٵʱ˺뿪
⽡ɽ֮ǰ˼·ߣȷԼʱ˵أ⽡Ƕɽ١
⽡ΪԣɽҲûʲôѹ
һɽٳɹôͽ侳ڣʱĳΪһˡڻ޻꣬ʱҲ˲٣ڿ۷壬Ź˶ãҲͻƵġ뵽;ԼͷƤ顣
ԺбҪ˵һЩĵˡ
еͷ۵̫Ѩڴʱ֮ϵ׽٣𽥵
⽡׽٣ͻƵʱ׽ٿ¡ԺױЩޣϳɽٵˣһࡣһΧޣ⽡ɽٵĵطһĿ¶׹⡣ɭֵһߴɽ֮ϣҲݳɨŶɽ֮أ۲⽡ɽٵΡ
⽡Ϊߣ˵ֵԼ֡ǰƻ⽡ɽٵޣޡ
վɽ£Χ۵ޣĹؿ¶ɽ٣Ҫʮӡʮӵǰ֣ûʲôѹǺ֣ԲκɧźƻǰӣûʲôҸ棬㸺գǽ롣
֮˾ȥ⽡ɽԱߵıػǸطֻҪסˣͿȷ⽡ɽٲʧܡ
ţ취ã
޻̵֮ͷ
ˣж
ڴͬʱϣһ׵硣⵽׵磬һͷô׳ոͱ⽡һֱӴ
һһ׽٣ǳ׽
һĻѹ̾ࡣΪ⽡ղչʾʵԿĳĻۺܴȫһЩͨε׽١
ʱҲòӣǰıϮĵˡϣաޣǳĶ࣬෱ӡ
ڣԿʩչΧպ͵棬ȫΧһȡߣЩޣȫӡ
ȻңһͷֱӳܵĶǳĸͣÿһŶô𶯡


188 
һͷϬţ
ɭһĺᡣ
˵һ壬һΣĴ£ɱɭֵʱһնɱһϬţ
Ǹþһߡ
Ҳ˵Ϭţһ壬һµţš
ʱͷеۡ
࣬£һ
Ϭţһ֣Լıǿףžҵ
ҡҡͷգεĵҪɱ㣬ǰҲɡ

Ϭţ߼壬Դǰһߣ֮Ϭţһ壬涪ʧ
ܶ˳衣
Ϭţһ壬һߣȻŵĻϬţһ壬ѾΪū
ΪϬţһˣǺܰգҲһֱڵȴᣬ֤ԼϬţһ壬һӣκˣޡ
ĻȻΪҲڳЦԼ
ϬţֱӴŭһȻֱӳײĶޣ׷ͣԼĽŲ
Ȼȴһ
Ϊ֣ǰϬţ츳ȻᣬƷΪһҪǹȥûͻƵʱɱּܼغϡΪѾǵ侳۷塣ֻСȫӣټľ飬ôսʤϬţ˿ѹҲûС
޷ȰˣôҲͲ顣һǶԼĴСһĥ̴ӡֱϬţϡ
һ̣Ϭţֱӱĳ
Ϭţһ˲ޡ
ϾͷϬţ磬ǺġҲֻһ˲ģΪ𾪹ǾͳϮ
࣬ôϬţһţȴ޷սʤֱˡ
ҪҳһԽնɱ
ǰϬţһѾĻˣδǱؽǵʬǣ̤һ֮·
ϬţϬţһ壬ֻܵҰ׺һūһλȥһҪϬţһ¡

һʱ䣬ɽ֮£˶۷׷ףϬţһ壬ѾһͷϬţ֪Լᱻһ֪ԼϬţһ壬ᱻԼͬӣţһ˼֮վ󣬲һġ
Ϭţ¼ޣҲý
ǲѡ񣬶һѡ񣬴һ
ɽ֮£ֻɱĳ档֮ϵĻ޻꣬ĵˣȽ١
һ׽٣Լ׽٣жĶСġ
һǣеޱ٣ټϻ޻ֲԺܶޣ޷ͱɱˡ
ˣһգһ½أɱ˵ڰ˷ӡ
ʱ򣬻ʣӣһٶʮ룬⽡׽٣ͳ׵ĶȹȥˣȻʱߣһӴϢ
Ϣ˾ͱýΪ֪Ϣʲô

Ϣ
ԣһŭˡ
ȻڲԶ֮⣬һ棬ϬţһߣϬţһιߵ
棬Ϭţһţնɱɭ
Ϣ֮ΪϬţһߣ׵ıŭˡ˵ĵ̣Χ֮£ϬţһҲˡǵ֪ĺĵ̣ɭ޵أǱԷһġʱŭˣԸһԼĺػһ̣λϬţһߣƶ䣬ֱ⽡
ϢϾֱʩչһУƤӵµޣȫ̶ֱ֮⽡ߡ
ʱ޻һ԰׵ģϽ䡣
ΪղŵϢǴմģԻ޻ܵϢ֣һˡ
ɫ̫ãԼһҩݸ
޻꿴һȻ󽫵ҩСתһ¹ȵķ֣ԼѾ߰˳ɡ
ûйı仯Ƕ⽡ı飬صĵ⽡ȹؽѣٻҪһֶ࣬ʱ㹻Ǹ˹ˡ⽡һɽٳɹôҲҪһʱ޲Ԫʺϳʱս
⽡ǽõǳĸͣÿһʩչϣҪһġʱ⽡ʩչһ׸͵Ľϵһ
ֻһ֮ˡ
̾ϢһȻֱһӡɨ֮еơ


189 Ͽ
ΪԶԶ⽡
⽡ɽٵСƣ⡣
ֱһӡ֮еľץ档
һ̣ԭʮָҵƣͱһԴС򡣶ԴСͺһһͣת޷ȥ
һĻ޻ˣ⽡Ҳеɵ
ûʱǽֱͣкһߣڹͷҪˡ
һ䣬ֱӰԼԭƺõ·ߣӴ
ôһ޻⽡Ҳ˹ˣĸ
ʮ֮ƮɢĵطϬţһߣͣﶢΧһ۵࣬ĽƻȻʱˡ
ǲҪΪͿԾߡ
ϬţһߣʩչһصһʩչһˣӴܵķ򣬾ͳϬţ۾档
Ȼ׼׷ȥʱȴ۾棬ĻУֱӻͷһۡȻֱӶ⽡ϵĿվһһȥֱӾͽʩչ
һ޷ۿǳʲôطߡ
ϬţŭˣֱԼƣջһı仯ʾĵطֱȥ
ôһģԭ͹ͣСɽ̾ͱһƽءδһ壬ĺƽԭ
һƽĵ֮Ϭţֱŭţ˹ȥҪѰ˵ټ
ͬʱǰ񱼵һץס⽡ֱۣͬʱ⽡ֱ֮ϣһͼġ
⽡İ
һԴӡԽһЩԪԴӡĳ˵֮Уú󷽱պ
ڹȥһʱ棬ʦӡԪ
Ȼע£ղŴ֮ץס֮Դֱӷͼķӡ档㶨֮
⽡ļԴôӡʹãյĸãҲú֮δʹá
Ļ⽡һ¡ûо飬ʦҲûзӡ֮Դ
Ȼʦ֪Ϊȥ⽡岻У޷֮ԴҲ֮ܽԴӡС
֮Դֱкһͷʥ׷ǲܼǰߡڿʼǸߡ
õģ
ġ
ͷŤתһΣûгʨȥתɭֵϿȡ
طһ侳ĸפ֪ĵΡܿʥɽ
طΣôϬţһ²
ȻˣϿȳȥͬʱʩչֶΣڱϢƬֱ֮ǽϿȡ
ȻǽϿ֮󲻾ãϬţͣڣԴӡ⽡ĵط
ĵϢˣҲи棬ȻڵסϢı죬Ǹɽ֮ˣϵ֮ԴϢҲڸղʧˡ
ģѵôȥ
ϬţյʱһصϢݽϬţԺ档
Ϭţڿʼ̿ܵ۹ƽפأûҵκ޲Գءͬʱ㸺Χ䣬һҪֹκһˣǱɭ֡

Ϭţ˲һ˫ۣȻʥɽķߵһ£̷׷˵䡣
ΪղŴݸϢˣ޵Ҳʥ
ǵʥÿһˣأκ˲
Ϭţˡ
ϿȣܵϢʧ֮³һȻһбȵԱߣΣˣδһʱ䣬ǻΣգһҪҵķԸ
޻Цһ֪ʲôʱʼ⽡ˣΪһ׸һȨҲϡ
仯ĺܿӵ
ȻеΣϣȴûʲôᣬǵţôһӦôأ
ǣϿȻȽϰȫԶϬţ׷Ǹ֪ϿΧƺͷפǷֵĻǶ֮صġ
ǲõģפصޣһЩ뱾ԭеޣкܶ಻ЭĵطǶѹֻҪƽĶȹ죬ϵʱ򣬾Ϳ뿪ǰʨˡ
֪ǵʲôֻøǽһ£ԼһҪʲô


190 
Ȼɭ֣ĺȦ
ﵽпܣĴˣȻûŲڸԵȫϢѹͣ͡
ﵽֵ֮ʼȥ顣
⽡ˣ˵鶼ûУΪףһ˵ͻΧԪôõ˷֡
ȥ˼ʱ
⼸ʱ֮ڣкüΣмͷߵʱ򣬷˲ͬǣȥûзˡ
ȻˣˣǲˣԺܶʱǺܺԻ󡣵ҪôֻҪʮ׵ķΧκεķʩûа취ڵԼϵϢ֪
⼸ʱ֮ڣû֣һˣڷһϣһΧȻһ£ˣһ壬һЩҹж֮⣬ޣ˱չغͳ˯ڡʱжȫԳ䲻⡣
ң˵ǸطʵⲢԶ
Ļ⽡ͻ޻ˣĬȻĵͷҪͷҲˣѾɭﵽһͷ޾ƷĶûУеȫƷޣһò˵ɭ֣˲ٵЩĵΣ̫ߣǵȴһ֣ȫʩչȺ˵սǿ߻ĺ
Щӵ˼֮£⽡Ƶںڰ֮бܡΪʲôǱܣǷɣΪҹɫ֮£޵󻯣ήͣķУȫǿԼܡҪ֪һЩǶ֮зеģһǿԼҷԼһˣԼһˣȴûзֶԷôͿˡ½رܣһදޣټ½ز޵ע⣬һԺĶܣ㱻֣ҲõӴܣ̫
һ·ֱ˴ʱһƤءƤ㣬һ壬һߣƷĴ֣ɭֵʱͷȻĳΪ޵ǹڣһǹɱ֮ˣһºƤһػ֮أĵ£Ǹܵ
ʱ;ãԵһϣǾʩչ˷ӡ֮飬ܵĶλãһǿķӡʥˣһ֮ڣûκһޣԽǸڶ֮С
ͬʱҲһĺ֮ڲú÷ӡ֮һڸ֣ʱ۷ĺƤȫɱֻһЩСЩȥݼǰõ鱨ʾƤһأѾʧȥ߰˷֡󲿷ֺƤ㣬ѾϳʥɽֵķΧ֮ڡµĺƤ㣬ֻмͷĴһĸȴػ۷ʱ̡
ȫԲõģ޹ǿܼƤأһɱĶȻȣһǱĺƤ㡣Ƥһǿ壬սƶҪһЩ
ԵǷɱʱΧļͷƤ㣬ѾɱϡʣµĺƤ㣬һǵأ̳
ڴͬʱƤһһʱӾͺˣΪǴӺƤһ壬ʱ㡣
ؼǵãĺƤһǶôǿ󣬵ǵĸ֣ȫУӶŪһû䣬ѹż
䵽ƤһߣŭһȻ⣬ȻԽƷ۷壬ֻ̤
˵ʲô
˵ʵѾһֻҪʱ䣬˵˳Ϊ޵ʵ̫ǿˡ
һĻ۽ǲɵó鴤һ¡
Ҳû뵽Ƥһ壬ȻһƷ۷ʱͻƵ˰ˮ׼
ļƻ˵һ
ڵĿģһɱƤ㣬ǽͨһɱһͨ＼Լ뷨ݽ⽡ͻ޻˵Ժ档
ʱһЦ֮ΪҲͷƤı仯֪飬²ˡ
ȻĻ̵֮ͷȻΪ뿪ġ
ԭļƻҪŶԷСôٴνԷĸնɱȻݲȵĴܵΪõģԺܴݵĴ򿪡ΪƤһ˰ôǼ޷ˣֻã⽡ͻ޻ǣһµˣԼٴԵֻҪܽ룬ûк֮ˡ
ʱƤһţѾȶ˾磬һӣһ̬
һ̣ȴû˺һָ˵࣬ҪΪۣǲصĴۣΪҺƤһأҪȫɱԹǵѪҺ
ûпԼݵĺԶԶ
ԶΧһЩԲĻЩˣ֮һ飬Ǿ壬ʮ֮ڣضһǿ
ɽһƤһ壬Զɽ塣
ʱɽ֮ϣ߰ͷޣǵΪƷ۷λãȴ޷ͻƵˮ׼һҲͣĵزˡ
ģȻͷƤ㣬Ȼͻˡ
ǺáЩ꣬ѹǺƤһ壬ѾΪ𡣵ͻƵһеȨǵɣǵɱһɶǳΪǧˡ
ֹҪ֪ǼһûǸ㣬һᱨǵģӦӦԣ
ˣֻѡһͶһѡͶˣǣǽǵ壿
Ͷ˭
Ҳ֪ʲô㡣ȥ֮صİй顣壬ĸԽԽ࣬˰Ѿҷ뺯ҹȥͶаʵʵڵߣͷһᣬðΣգϮһġ
˱Գ̫թˣӽ֮ϵ塣ǼթǡôȻƷôϲޣͶȥ֮ٿԱȫ壬ǵʵҲȫԸ䵱֣δʥɽ֮ϣ¹ͣʱǼһû׼Իһʵ֮УأҲɣʱռһأ࣬öá


191 ͨ
Ȼǻ룬ҳĻ档
ĶˣΪϣ޵ʷϣĳֹľƺͻ档
ںܾúܾǰʱڶܵ۹ûռʱһ壬ӵĴ½һӵȨ
һӵȨ棬ܶǿޣʹһƬ춼ڳ֮еš
˵ǸʱЩ޵۷ʱ̡
Ǿ˷ܣΪһʱõĽͻٴεΪǵĻʣ¾ƬأͳĴս
ȻǵĻʽٵʱǱʥɽ֮ϵֻмǲſǻʵĵϵӵռصȨĸ壬ռأҪȥʮѡ
û취һѹ硣
Щ̻֮صԼ壬ż֮УصˣȻٰǨֱͶ˰
ʣµһЩأҲڲϵı仯ԺƤ֮ûгԹģôȻþ¡Լɽʵǿ壬ûη塣һЩͺƤһϵǳ壬ʱ߹˺Ƥһִʼ⽡ͻ޻ˣչ˷Ľ
ƤһһӣϵĹڹͬʱţ࣬ǵӡ֮أУƻ֮أǿ벻̣ҽһҪȫϵ
Ƥһ壬֪ӡĺ棬ӡĶʲô
ʵϺƤһ壬ڹȥһҲǿʷϣֻһߣǸߣնɱˡ
˵ĺƤһ壬ֻһС壬С䣬ܵĴѹɱϵǨľסءգھסĵطҲǸڵʮƣֻӵ֮أôһСĵط
һ죬ͻȻ֮أʧ֮áٶȳֵʱѾһһһƷһͺɨΧеϣսθߵһٳΪǡǳ˺Ƥһĺӵܣ֪Ϊʲô֮ڣ֮ı仯
һΣƤһΣ֮ʣµĺƤ֮УһЩ֪ܵļһҪ֮أҪ˳ڵӰѰҵͻƳİءҲλ峤ϧǳΣûа취롣գֻվ֮ذûڣΪ֪һӡ
Ǵ򲻿ӡֻվ֮صΧǲ٣Ϊţһ죬ͻƣΪ
ϧǵ뷨ҪǱôףΪʲôһһߣΪν֮أһͨһͨʨȣͨʥӡ֮صͨԵͷƤ㣬һǵõʥٻӶν֮أʨȣʥĳִУӶ֮ڣͻôླ硣
ԺƤһ֮ڣôһͷ
ŰŭΧˮԪأγһһìȻ˵Χ
ģȥǿɼֲ˶ˡ
ǰ֣ץһЩٶȣ໹Լʮ룬ʮӡ
ʱ޻⽡ˣʩչһǿĽ磬ˣڵС
ֻҪôˣ޷档
磬һ˺Ľ磬Ҳ˵һǳܲס˺ô
ʱ򣬻޻⽡˶ˣʧȥ۷սô棬ͻʣһˣӵսˡ
һƾͱò
رڵǳĲΪԽԽĴʱ򣬼˺ƤһĹߡ
һֺúƤ㣬һΪ࣬ǵĹÿһʮ
⽡ͻ޻꣬ǵǧǵԪޱȵۺ񡣶ǻţشһЩķάǵԪ޸
޹ʵ̫ˣµÿһ˵ѻرļʱ䣬ڲϵ
һΣǻ㱨ʱ䣬ֻʣӡ
ܸʲô
ûȴֻ֪һգ۵ĹͻƮɢʱ䡣ӣ𲻵κεá
ܿ죬ʱʼˡ
ӣ޻ͦסһѪ
ӣ޻ɫ⽡壬Ҳס
ӣ޻Ѫ⽡һ˿Ѫ
һӣ˵壬ܵػһ̵ڵϣҲ޷վ

飬޻⽡ˣ񳹵׵İ޹⣬Ϊ֪ǵΣˣһƲãǾͻ
Ϣ£ǵһΰûڣǴˣǲӦ
ȥȥɱࡣ
ҽأôӦýɱ⣬ȫԵ
ϣͬǣǷʤʳʱˡ
ʲôǰ̳ȥʳɡ
һʱ䣬޳̶
޻꿴һ⽡⽡Ҳһۻ޻꣬һ۾ȻǱ۾ɷǣ˸֨һǵļ֮ϣһֺ֡аȫУҲοĽ˵ļץԼ棬Ȼ˿ٵŲ˵壬ҲŲ
ȴû۾
ΪǲңҲΪ£۾֮ǰȫޣЩޣ׼һһڵĳԵ
ǲ룬ҲԸ˫Ŀ
ȻǱ۾ʱΧĺɱ֮ı䵭ˡǶߵķȴڲϵӣӡ
ܿ죬ɱֹͣˡ
ܿ죬Ҳֹͣˡ
ǸоԼƨһۣȻ˵ϡ
û˺ѷεʹҲûı֣ΧڵľǾȴô¡
꣬꣡
ʱһĺƺܼٵӣոոʲôһ
˭

˼ʱˣ˫ĿڵǣѾȫˡ

ǰȫˣ
˷ӡԼ֮ͨСڽƤصʱǵĻ
ֻҪ򿪷ӡӡ棬ôǾͿԷ֮ǣΪǸӡһʥ侳ǿ߲ˣͬһײĸ˳֣޷⿪Ǹӡ
뵽޻⽡Լ˫ĿȻӡľ󣬲һˣһڵ硣


192 ֮ͨڵɭԴ
úڣ
ѵҵ۾ˣʲôˣ
ɣ
ôᣬҼǵʦ߹ǣʩչ޵нʱһˣôƶʮء۾ϣô۾ʧҲġ
̫ˡ
ףԣǰһ⡣

ʱ˵Կ֮ϣܵһһ壬ǰĻȥ
ܿǸˣͣڻ⴫ĵط
Ƭ֮Ƭøïʢһᣬһѳ۾棬˹ӣҲˡ
һĻǳ׵ķˡ
ô֤ǳ׵ӳˣǲᣬطǵӡ
ǻظճ̬ӣпһ£ŵĵӣ̫ɫˣɵĵӣ飬ߣѾˡ
ˣˣ˲̶ȵ˺Ӧúúһ£뿪֮ͨǰҪظ߰˳ɵսһȥҲֻӴܣûмǰ
֪ʨҲҪػ֮ءڣػǱСġ
ˣĬȻĵͷȻ˼صҩ衣
ˣûǽʣµһЩҩ裬ݸ
⼸ҩ㡣
ţС⼸ҩɽƵĵҩϼһôһΪͻָ̻
ţرɫĵҩ裬Ϊ
ˡ΢Цžܾ
Ҫǿղ뿪һյ˲Ĺ
ôܼĹǵʦҲ޷ȫˣοأ⼸ҩȥðɣ
ǰָսܱΪҪð
ңǵĵҩĺãðײð
治á֪˵ʲôҲ֪ʲôʵûˣôһ޷պǸȣԻܵһ˺
ⲻ֪ͨˡ
ڽһ̣ҲԼõķӡڴͬʱûʱ䣬ȥ⽡ͻ޻ˣʵʱǸоֵĶ֣γɵԪߵ졣
ܵģʵͷߡߣڽ⽡ͻ޻˵ס֮
ʱͨڵλãסʧڶڵλãԸûܵ˺
һҲͲˡ
ˣĵĸԼҩ뽫ЩҲֻÿڽһ¡
Ľͣ޻⽡˲Ȼ
Ȼ֮ˣҲûھֱӽ״̬֮£ȫ޸Լ˺ۡ
ǽ״̬֮ʼɨΧͨ
ʵһΣʱѾоͨźܹϵʷƺԴıɭָ硣
һصֻͨ·ģƺе̳˷ѡ
һΣΪʱ䲻㣬ûüϸۿһΣʱ䣬ǱȽϳģʼܹ۲
ܿһ޵Ļ棬ЩްŪŸָƣָĶ˵һȺĽͷչġ
ʼѹ裬̻ףԼӦüʱǿʼ׼׼ǵһһޣĵ
ܿץס࣬Ե࣬Ȧ࣬Ϊһ಻Լ
Ҳʱ򣬵ʱˣܵĴһȺ֮еľӢǿʼָľӣ޾Ϳʼնɱ
ַķˣܿͽɱ䣬һЩֻȽϸߵޣףԼ岻Ķ֣ܸӲӲôһȫһЩޣĵ˵ʱˣһ֮أһ۵СɽｨһأڰԼˡ
ڴͬʱҲѰĵط֮еߣѹһЩйؼ֮ۺԼسݱµؼҲǵһԵ
ʱֻ޿ʹú
ʱƣȥ֮ھȫʱÿһޣԴԼڣ߸ĸŴļ棬õĹ
Ҳʱ֮ص쵼ߣվۣ֮ߺӽ쿪ʼɭֳˣκһ˵ɱ
һ֣˺塣


193 ڰ֮Ĺ
ͨɭִʱ򣬽ͨ
ͨԿĳʱɭ֣ι̣ǽͨҲΪһЩޣΣʱ̣Ӵܳȥһ塣
գվ۷壬վסɭ֡
ûõͨ
пһ£ʵҲȨ࣬Ľɱǵ⣬ǵѪץǵĺҲᷴ
࣬Ҫ޲һգô󲿷ĻôҲڱʱ򣬷𷴿
˵н죬Ĺ͡
֮ԣϵĽϵǿҲΪ޵޷̨Ϊ˲Ȧ壬Ҳòվֿ
ԭôһ£
ԭҲûд˵İţ
ʱ޻⽡ˣѾ붨֮ѹվ󣬿űڻϵͼ񣬸пѡ
һѭϵɱ֮ɱ
һ죬ⳡɱûе˵ʱô½ͻֻ࣬ޣһ½ڣôǵʲô壿
ǰ
һʱ䣬˶Ĭ
ӵйȥʮľ֪ʶҲްһ¿͸Ϊϵ½顣
ʵϰţԽԽǿǿ޷Ƶʱ
ͷ֣½ƺ˲ȶƽ⡣
ԣǲƽ⡣
еһЩطѾ˹ѡͺñɽŵĸ˵ǷѾܲƽȣܶطѾѵļ󡣶Ҹ֮ϵԪҲڲϵıϡ
յʱ㣬ŻԼʮʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬸ڴ֮ϣΪһɽ塣
ǸʱɽҲڡΪɽŵ𣬾ûôɽźܿͻᱻΪɽڵĵط̫ϡˡ
ܣֻһ֪
뿪ѰҴ֮ǰ½֮ϣѰһЩûб֣Ԫĵط
߱ĵطȻûз֣һЩʺɽŷչĵ򡣷½Ԫ½½ط˸ֲͬķӦЩӦһ⣬ǸķӦ
ЩӦ˵ѰҵĴ۵ĹأĶˣ̾һЩɵĸ֣ǰĴ۵Ĺء
ҲΪһε飬׸ıҲһ
ЩƺǶ
̾ϢһΪ֪ʱ䣬뾡ͻƣΪĵһˣֻԼſ취ѰҽڵķҲ˵ʮʱ䡣
ǵΪָ˶٣
ųɣ
˳ɰ룡
Ļشĵͷôǳɣ֮ǰ߳ͨ
޻⽡̵ͷ
ͷ˷ֱŻѣٵںڰ֮ǰС
һߣʱڰͨѾȹ˾ŸʱҲ˵ʱɫѾˡ
ʱҲ⡣
ܿǾһĵطոսס׼ǰ̵Ļ޻⽡ˡ
е㲻ԾƺЩ仯
ʲô仯
ûоʲôͷ
Ȼ˵ʱ۾ͻȻһ£漴̽ǹһѱץ档
һ̣һǹԼ
ž
һ澫һǹ
壬һһٰʮȴתһǳǰһǹ
ž
һͷ澫
ͷ澫ƷΪ
һĻ˶ȻҲ׼ﲼ
ߣûˣֱͨܵ졣ֻܣַʨȸ澫ǰӴܡ
ɱɱȥױްӡʶĲ֣һ־ȫʩչ
ʨȣɭֵΧĵʥɽԶԲõģ޳֡
һ֣û֣ûڷ
һʱ䣬޵Ĳ֫ʣ塣޻⽡ˣһһңʼ󣬰һɱ
ɱʮ֮ڴ˴һȥ߳˺ڰ磬̫µĹ֮ء


194 ޲
磬ûкڰûп־ɱ¾
һƽ硣
ֻǶݵģΪڰɱ¾վḲǹԴͨ߳⽡·
ΪְѾʱˡ
񣬾Ǵܵʨȣжʥķӡӹ̣ҿʥΪǿʲôزԳذˡ
ʱѡá
ղ֮ͨз飬ҲӲ֤ʵһ飬Ǿʥƺ֪ʥɽŻˣפأӴܡֹֻˣ˵ľ֮ĺΪԲŻһ´ţܿͻӶˣٶ֮С
ĿǰƻǱȽģΪޣϾ׷ôˣֻҪúʱ䣬ʱͿ뿪ˣʱֱӺͼලϵڣŴ󲿷ֻа˵ķݡ
⽡ˣϵʨ֮ŲƣѰķӡ֮ءϾѾܾԶˣҲҪһʱȷϡ
һߣʨʥƺҲʨȵĲͬһ죬ʨȶ𶯡
ޣܵʥĸ٣ǰʨȡ
˴޻سŪЩɵŵӣɭΧ׷׾ȻΪ׼ٶȣ½ءǾһεڿԷһ㣬õģ޼ţڴͬʱһϢǵУصԼʦţֻ飬˵ô
Բǣ
պ⽡ҵ˷ӡ֮صһš
ʨλãոҵʱѾһʯѣʲôûСȴоԪĽ£⽡ͻ޻ˣȷһ£ڷ֣֮ءˣΧʯŪȻѰۡ
Ƿ۵ʱȴǸ֮еѾ顣һĻ˵жһ
ӼѾ˺ܳʱ䡣һôۣҲ̫
ټʥĳۣ㲻飬Ҳ鲻Զˡ󷨣һ۱ƻôͻήĳǣֲʥԽԽ񣬲ϵĳء
⽡ͻ޻һĻ֮Ӵռ棬óһոµ·֮УͬʱãԼó󷨣ϡ
Ǽˣֲҡ˵ô󷨣һãԶʥĳڡҵǣǲõ󷨣ֵʱ䲻̫
˶֪˵ޣֻܾӣӶ೤ʱ䣬ôӶ೤ʱ䡣
㶨һ֮󣬺۾ͺѰˣΪ󷨲õʱţѾ²˽յ׼ֻҪҵһۣôͿԸۣƲڵλá
վԭأ⽡ͻ޻ˣΪģϵĵǶȣ·
սһһҵҷʹתһȾͱøӿºΣա
кüΣӦ˼ŭ
ŭ֮УжϳǸŭˣһʥ
Ȼһηӡ²ۣһҪСΪӡĵĲ֣󷨵ĺ֮أ֮أʥڵĵطʵܵ˵һ۾ʥ
󷨵Ĵ֮ʥԼȥԼΪ󷨺ۣյԪͳͳʥһֱʥķҲ֪һŵţ뵽˵ơ
һδ⽡棬𰸵ʱҲǳľȡ֪ǧٹ֣治СԲһۣרʥҲǲԡ
ɺãе֮󣬾Ҫ֮أ޲ĵۣ鷳ʹˡ
Ҿ£һ
û취ϵ˵⣬Աء
ʦĽܣֻۣôֻγһȽС󷨡۱ƻôΧۣԶУγһ΢󷨣ʥô׾ٵƻӶ
ۣûгʲô⣬ɿסʥۣôԿѹʥʮꡣ
Ȼµıôһ㡣
ȻҶҿ϶ʥڵΪǱȹȥǿˣûйȥǿ󣬵ǲǿʥΪڣô½֮ϣǾġȥΪߵʱҲʥ侳졣
࣬ΪĿŵҲֻ侳۷塣ȻôȥˣŵΪǷǿҲδ֪Ǿǿ⼸ʱ䣬Ҳ޷ʥ߳졣
ΪʥΪʥƷӦȻʥ߳졣
ۺ֣ڵľƣǱ뽫ʥӡЩлͻƵʱ䣬ЩΪˣͻơ
ûа취ˣǱƴһεֻɣųȥҲûʲô塣οһʥͻΧôЩ˵Ƿǳصģһȳޡ
Ȼˣôȥɣ

⽡ͻ޻ˣϷһĶ̾ϢһȻȥĻţǾ޷ӡʥһȥɣ
ȥ֮ǰҪһЩ顣
ʲô飿
ӡ֮
ôŲסǣ
һֵɷӡġ
ҿǣǵΪ̫һûлظ۷սΪǾܼʥҲ޷ɷӡΪǵֿסʥѹεҡͷΪֻнʥ侳֪ʲôأʲôǿգʲô֮䣬ǧ
ѹʥ侳֣ԵеһֶΡΪ粻ʶ޷ֿžѹ̤侳ſԵֿסʥľѹ񡣡
ѹ
ʦ˵˵ֻƾԼľѹͿʮ侳ĸֳǧʦ
顣ȥ
Ϊ˵飬ոͻƣʥ侳ʱ緢ĳ棬ǧʦԼĻ档
ϧѾǹȥ
ֻһ⽡ΪһСѡ
ʱԼſԣӵйȥΪӵս

̾Ϣʱ⽡Ѿͬ˵Ǿӡʥİ취Ҳ
Ϊ˰ȫҲ⴫Ǳضʦųǧɱ


195 ˭ͷϣ
ʲôǧɱ
̫⣬Ϊ㣬˵ȥ
ʵҲֻҪϾǰܵ۹ûнʱ򣬾ѾӵеĶ
طҲ߱ط֮ΪΨһûиıĵؿǡ
һܣҪŪЩ
ˬĴӦˣǼ˿ʼŵİš
Ϊ֪ʶ⽡ˣ󷨣Լʩչӡӹ̷ӡֶΣֱСһ
һ飬ѧ߰˷֣飬ͻʮɣ飬ѾĶ
⽡ˣÿһΣһΣΪǸ㶮Щһ¡ֻһʱ
ʲô
Ƕǰţ
ôνǧ꣬²š˵һȻһأ۷ص侳ôҲһ١
ϻͯ飬˵ȥҲţο˵أ
ѧЩֱ֮Ӳ⣬ֱӺ۵飬ϸѯһ¡
⽡Ľ⣬ţһӢӡӡʥʱʵҪõԭϣЩӢǵʬǣʬǣγһ޴󷨣ǸʥϣԴѹ
Խ֮ҪѰҵĶȻĹǵʬǡôȥˣ˭֪ǵʬʲôˣ
⽡ͻ޻ˣʦһΡȻǸʱͻС֪飬̫ࡣ
е䣬ôͺá
ǵ֮У𽥶ںۣһŵ˽⣬˽֮վߣ
ĺ֮У⽡ͻ޻ӦһȻٵ۵֮ء
ʨȵɽۣ֮ΪһȪ
˵ʥȪĵײܵԼķҲΪʥޱȵǿһɱĸ֣ɱľ˵ƷףҲǶܵ۹֡
Ƕܵ۹ԳʥΪΡʥҲһɱ̾ļһ
ֻϧֻܱ࣬࣬ûϧ
ʨȵ·ûеôѡʥҲϣԼӡʨȵĵط֪ӰӣҫֻǱչˣһ˵һǳҪϢΪҪʥ˺ãͿԳأǷӡû֪ʱܳȥҪõĶࡣ
ȻŲõ󷨣ʥвԽԽ͡
Ƕʥ֮µ˵ȻǾ޴ģΪԻκһֻƷ֮µޡ
Ȼ󷨣һڸǣڸ󷨵ġ
Ժܶ޺࣬ʨȣΪΪ޷󷨣޷Ѱҵʥµĺۼ
Ҳ󷨣Աԭ
Ǿ޷ƽ⣬ҲԲΪۣһٻ󷨡
ȪǺܺѰҵģȪԱߵʱȪѾˣеưܵӡ
Ȫפһᣬ޻һȥˣҶ׼һȥ֮ôûʱ׼ˡ
ţ
ûѹǺǣƽĻӦһ
һۣ޻겻֪ΪʲôԼǳġôɲ䣬жҲٻ
ֱӾȪ棬Ȼʩչһǧ׹ֱ׹Ȫˮס
֮⽡Ҳʩչǧ׹
֮ǵ棬ûʩչκһͿ԰ȵС
ˮУ޷޷鿴ġ
رȪˮһ¶ȣ̺ţĳԪԪӰ̬ۡ
Ȫʮ
ˣʩչ׹Ĺ
ϣ·⽡˭˭һԴɣ
С̻ôͣԵĻ޻꣬һԼĶͷӵģǵڶ˵ͷϵʲô

⽡һԼϣϴһֺֺԲĸоƺ˵ĴȣΪûвϡ
ף壬ôо
Ȼ˵ʱĽһ㣬ȻһݣܿһߣĵǸҲûϣࡣ
С㣿
С棬ӦþͶģ𣿡
ͷ˭
ʱѾȪأˣҲ̫ƣǷֱʩչһЩסԼ۾Ȼ⽡ڵĵطȥ
ôһʱУһ˿
ܿĻˣˣֱο⽡
СͷûжһĻþ㲻ܸоĶŶԡ
ǧۣΪΧȪȣǺܸߵġ
⽡һܺúƵˣܿĻûмۣӦôߣһθʦҲûô鷳
УûжΪʲôҸоܳҺеأ
ͻ޻һۣȻСĳ⽡һ
ôһ£ΪʲôҸоԼĲӣʲôһ˵ܣ
̾ϢһŻ޻ֱۣȻһȪأһȽ͹ĵطȥоԵԪһֽˮ󷨣ˮԴ
Ҳ˵ֻҪǸ󷨣ôȥ֮ӦþͲȪķΧˡ
һ߿⽡ߣһ߿ٵĺͻ޻ˣˮҴȥ
ȷǱûΣ֮˲ŷģȴ⽡ĵ
꣬꣡
ܿʹ⽡ҴϢϢˣһëȻĲࡣ
ͬʱŻ޻Ȼһ£׼Լ۾һ鹵֮ͨ⽡ͨ
һᣬǰ⽡ͻȻһ
ԣȻһ˿ģҪ֪ŵĽǷǳԵġԲأô޷Ϊõĵӡ
⽡ܿ˹˼һ֪ӣǰȥ
һӡ
⽡˸ˮ󷨵λãһȻֱ󷨡󷨵һǣһֱ׼Ļ޻ֱ֣꣬еӣɨ⽡ͷϡ
һӣӵпɽѵصһɽҲο⽡ͷϵֵأԿ˺ѿ

һ˺⽡ԴϷݻ


196 ⲻ
ʲôӦ
оԼͷһᣬֽסԼϵĶƺһ˲ʧˡ
ԼĲӴ»֮⽡˲䳯ǰһ壬ﵽ˰ȫ
һ̣۾Լ
ӡĶˮһԲĴǡ
Ȫ棬һĿĿŮ㣬ŭĶŻ޻꿴ĴǣϵĹţˮ󷨡
ϧĴǣ޷ˮ󷨻ƣֻĿţˮ󷨵һߣ˳Цһݣ
һְ޵ǵĸ࣬ޣҲ˵޽壬ҲǴ˵еİˡ֪棬󲿷ְˣ½ϵģҵλʮֵͼûʲôȨⲻ֪ˮףҲһְˣǱˮҪǿĶ࣬ƿˮ硣ֻǵǵϰԣˮйϵԲܳʱ½ͻ
ո㲱ϵİˣûмǴĻӦһֽľ޺µİˡˣӵ̣˵ϰԡ
ǵĿƺƯʵǶǻþһǸȤôͻ̱ʯӶǽɵ
Ⱥľˣˮף˴£Ǳ۾˯֮еģֻǳԶʱ򣬲Ż۾ȻͷϣʱҵôҲѣΪ࣬ǻ߾ȫĽɱΪǱޣӵࡣ
Ϊʲô㲻˵ˣ޲µĺ𣿡⽡Լͷ­ʮСĵѯʵ
ݴ˵һˮµİˣԭˮ½أࡣҵõ鱨ʱİˣģȺ档ǵʣ֮󣬸ĸͱնҲˣ϶ΪֶɱЩһˮףܵõȫˮϵˣʮֵࡣȻǺ֮ĹϵҲǺѺá
Ľͣ⽡һĭղǱһԼĲϣϸǸľˣͦãʵ̫ˡֱڣǸ޻նϵĲλˮƮľˣ棬ѪҺɫ
һ̣ԭɾˮףô̴̵ģ˿ȥ͸оܶġ
ŻŻ
һŻµĶ޻תȥڿȥһµģǻǿ߰ɡ
ţҪץʱˡ
ͬĵͷȺͻ޻곯ǰȥ֮⽡Ϊղŵ飬еƣ
Ѿ½ˣԸûˮҲûЩˮϵˣȫõµġ
һһĹؿ
ˣһԭɫĴ֮С棬һЩ˵ʬЩʬЩ˶쵱ĸ֣ΪһЩ˵ʬûиá
Щõʬ壬ôȻûֵùעļֵ
Щûиõʬ壬Ҳûκεĺۼ·ûУͺ⵽˵ĹƷһ
һ⽡ͻ޻֮꣬Ʈ
ͺ˵Ҳ̫Ƕˣ˼ʬ󷨣ôҲˣ˼ϵĶιˣҲ̫ɶ˰ɣ
ȿȣ
ƺҲ֪е뷨⽡ͻ޻˿ЦһȻ͵ҪᣬԲŰιģһˡ
ǵģŵĵ伮ءһңŵʬ־һЩսĽЩ˼侳ĸ֣ǵԪ̺ʸ񣬷ӡʥֻܴ
ϵĶأǿûУǱ߻ŮʦҲùⲻˡ
ȿȣġŲú֮󡣵ʱ͸ԼһλѣϣԼ˵ڼ䣬Լһ·ӡʥ󷨣λǰΪ˻ƺȣԾ͵͵Ľ־װȫóȥˡ
ƺȣǷӡʥʱ
ܺŵѣôһ൱ΪʲôûˮǸʱһ֣˵Ⱦأ
һ£ȷû֮˵Ļ£⽡̫˵ĵžţҲţ֮飬òҪλǰһ˵ôԺء
⽡һ仰޻˶һ£ƺܿ־ӡ


197 ʥ̾Ϣ
ǵĻ棬õһ˵Ϣ
Ǿһ꣬μӷӡʥʥĴڣȻš
һʥô֮Իŵʱ䳤һ㣬Ҳû˾ȡ
һˣԻôãôֵ˼ˡ
һ֣Ȼûڴ½ʷ֣͸ζˡ
ͻȻ۾һʦʱԼʦһζԻ֮ϣֻҾη
ʦ˭
ˣǧĸˡ˶ϣʥ侳ֻʱˡ

һţһһһ֮㣬ֻ˹ոճ֣Խûпֻ֣ǳΨУ˳˽
ʱҲǾ׷Ǹ˳˭
ʦֻǵһЦӦһ䣺һϲȾƣϷ˼ĺС
ǸƺǷӡʱļһ
ʦϣôȻй˵ʡ
ԼϾûмԷ޷ȷ⽡˵ˣǲǸС
ǲôأ־Ǽˡ
һô̺Ԫʬ壬ȻŹֱʩչͬʱڰʩչ˴
Ķʱ⽡˾ѡ
ǵǸǰ־ι⣬ѾûˣһҲˣӵĿ£Ȼʬ嶼Ź
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ǰǶѾˣ㻹ǵ˲б
УһﶯʲôƲƲ죬Ȼһ޳ܵĵҸǣΪǣͶ̥¡ֻҪҽǵȫŪķ飬ôǵͲͿתͶ̥ˡ
ʲôЦЩ־˶ˣҪ˵Ͷ̥Ͷˣôܵǵæ
ôѣΪ֪Լô˵ŵġ
һᣬͽѻ߰˰پ壬ȫһա
޴Ԫ档
ɵôһá
ֻϧЩ̫ˣԪŵ̫ˣڣͿͻƣأ߳졣
ʣµԪôԪܣҲﵽһţֻҪԼ뿪ôͿԿٵĶɽ٣졣
뵽˷
һɭ֣̫ˡ
Ⱥõ˼ΪҲͻơôͿ侳۷ˡ
뵽ǣɵһӡ
⽡ͻ޻ˣͬʱֺܾȣΪǶ֣ΪȻڸղţִﵽһֲ㡣
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ѵ˵ʬ壬Ŀӹ£»ǿΪ
صɽ֮һҪʦϸѯһ£ĺ£ôӻʲôȥ۹սѹʬ壬ÿǳȵˡ
ǵ಻ˡ
ͻȻһãʱЩյԪѾڲһʱṩͻʹá
ںͭƬ֮󣬴±仯һεĴӵпԪΪϵɣɡ
鿴һ壬ûʲô⣬ڵǼɣ
̥
⽡һ䣬Ȼֱӳǰȥ
ڻ޻꣬Ƕ࿴һۣջǽɻˣΪ֪ÿһ˶ԼܣͺԼһ
Щ˵Լǲ˵ȥģСҲߡͬСҲԼܣҲҡ
˼ǰУһûκζ
Ųǰǰĵ·ҲԽߡߣ˵·᫣ѹһɾϵѹ
һθܵѹʱ˶òΪ֪ʥ侳ʥſӵеѹѹȥ۷ʱ̵ʱѹҪŨʮʮ߸ࡣ
ѹ£ĸоѹ
Դӷϻ֮ͯѾ֪ʲôѹˣΪ壬ֻҪ㹻ԪͿԲϵͻƣڵʥ侳֮ǰûκιؿġ
ǽ죬֮ٴθо˵ѹ
ѹ£Լľ񣬶ýͺһƤһĽġ

ͻȻһɺϵ̾Ϣӵ


198 þ
˵졣
̾ϢȻǺܾҡ
ȴԣĵ𵴣͸ģ˷ĵĲ
ȥҲûа취
οڵֻһ侳С
̾ϢУݷˣ޷ƻ޵еǰ֮ġ
Ȼпʱ⽨ͻ޻ˣһ˼֪£ܷ̾ϢˣֻһǾʥ
ȻˣôʥΪʲô̾Ϣ
һ⣬ûеӷʵȥѯʥΪʲô̾ϢĵزֻһͿĨȻһݣٶȳǰȥ
Ƭ̣
Ƿǡ棬һ޴ļ̳
̰ĺģһ޴ļ룬Ǽ棬ʲôȥڼԱߣһɫ֪ʲô̳ĵ񡣴̬ϿԿĳӦʨӣʲôʨӣȻ޷ȷǵһΣһΣʵĶ޷ϳƷֺơ
һֲ²⣬Ǿͷ񣬾Ǹ˵еĿʥڼ̳ĺܴ֮ʥ˵һϹ֣û֪ʲô壬һúͷʨӵǺϡʦȣȻŪôһ֣Ȼ塣
Ȼ˼ʱ⽨վָǸʨӵǸʥı壬ڱǰӡʱѡҷӡԱһһʥı壬ǧûб仯ʦ֮Уһֱһ˵Ǿʥ֮Է⣬ǾŵǰΪиııܾΪٶȳ֡
ĬȻĵͷ֪һʥ侳ôͿ֪ԤĳЩ顣ʥпܣԤ⵽˲ý飬һӡԼһԱⱻŵĸ֣ӡĸףӶԼԪʱ䡣
ʥʥ侳ͬģʥ侳ӵеʥҲӵСôӡԼΪԼ׼ĳء
ңųһЩ֮Уõйʥ鱨˵ʱʥѾͻƣʥƷϣֻҪʱ䣬ȫԽƷӶʥڣôսٿʮ
˽ʥһʥأֻʥƷΪǰƷ߾Ʒ֮һεʥ֣ȻὫ½߸ʥһ
࣬һȥΨһͬǣȥ档֪δ·ߣһǺ޴ս֮󣬼Ĵ½棬Ĵ½Ԫһյľƣôһ죬ΪԪһգӶһ֮ˡȻҲһֿܣǾѰҵĴ½߼֮½ֻҪ֮ܵ½ôĴ½ǣͲĪ
ȻЩǹ룬񻹲һ̡
Աߵļ룬ѵʥķָʨӵһߵļ룬ϸѯʵ
Ǿʥķ˵һ֮壬ʥػ֮еľԼľѪһ꣬ķپʥ߳ɵΪߡں֮սʱǣ۷ǿߣרŰɱ壬ԼЩ־
ǵĽܣľãһĴ½ѣ¾Լǰ빹ɵġ
ô룬ᷢʲô仯в½

ʱʥٶ̾Ϣһ
һ̾ϢԻãлӰ̾Ϣֵɷǣ͸оԼ۾΢΢һԺһռ䡣
ܿ죬Լǰվһˡ
˳ĺһ磬촽˵ʱСͣһɡ
һۣԼΧõɱһ̷ˡΪʶҶǰˣǳϤΪǱۣԼһηϻͯס
ŶԷʱ򣬶ıҲڶƺ֪ʲôεҡҡͷʦ֣֪㻹ڼǺңΪңΪˡȻ㲢ûֻǼǴҶ֪
ΣҵΪѾﵽʥ侳һҲȹȥˣڵΪҲͻˣôһǵĶ֣
ʦ֣ɣ
õĳЩԿٵĻظΪҪףָʱҲǰָܻȫʢʱڵΪǸʱôΪǿĵزֺοΪԼԼأ
ʦ֣ϸڵɽţҵĴ£ϣԳΪʵµһɡ˵ɽţҵͳ£ŷչġ㲻£ʦһɣʦֻһ¹ʵķˡûңɽŵĽ죿

ű۵ĻԺ棬һζεĶţԼոսɽţոʶۣʶʦֵʱĳ
һı仯һʼţǳɳٵʦ죬Դʦֵݣһ㽫ɽ׳֮Уһǻۺıۣȷʵ˺ܴãкܶ飬ٳɵġʱˣɽλãʦܡҲ˱۵һѡڴ½֮ѰϹżȥߵľ硣
һ̿ʼ۾Լ˸ңҽ
һ棬ϸˣͱ֮ìܣͱ۵ĳޣ
رǵۣˣɱʱĶڵѪ
ʱһֱŻۿͻȻ̧ͷűڵĵطҵıߣҵıȵؿҵıȺ֮ϣûκһˣƻҵġ
֨
Ļһǰȥܿ˱۵ǰˣҪεġΪһεˣҺҪɵʲôΪһ죬ǲֹġ
ԣʦȥɣ
꣡
һ̽ǹصĳУҰֱ֣ӽԶıۣ֮С
һת»صʵصʦȣص˼̳Χ
תһվԼԵ⽨ͻ޻꣬ˣԼղһʧȥƺԼлþ֮С
ԣղʥ̾ϢǴΧԻãֻԼ
ܺãôѹûһĳɺ˼


199 Ի
һϵ
ƺˣԼԼ̬ϡ
ȴôдԼͲҪش
һϣֲǲϵˡ
ƺһ߼󣬿ͻĴڣ֪ΪԷѪʢĻȻΪʱĹϵòϡǵ彡̶ȣٿڻһǧ꣬Ҳû⡣
ߣƵġ
ʥ侳ˣԻİ꣬İ֮ôȻ䣬ȻҲͻƣߵľ磬ôٿԶ꣬ǧ꣬ꡣǰʵڵģȫƾԼľ;飬ܽĿѡǱϾʵʵڵΪȻоԼٿԻǧɣˣЩڵͬǣǵһٶѡͺñԵ⽨ΪǿҲٿԻһٶʮꡣ޻Բһ㣬Ҳһһʮ
ȻǵʲԼͻƣôǽٿԴﵽҡԵɺϣڼؾޱ䣬ﵽʥ侳ôҲİ
ʲôѵζԸң
ûлشǸƻϣܵõĴ𰸡һΣѰҵԴǾʨӵ񣬺ʥ巢Ҳ˵ʥıںԼԻôƻԼʲôѵҪԼ񣬴ӶԼƻŲõ󷨣
ΪĿģôעҪʧΪֻ֪ӡ󷨣֪󷨵ķʽȻҲԳԣڵΪף˵ʲôˡο⽨ͻ޻ˣԶıڻþ棬˵ӵϸҪڼ˵ǣţǸþҲסǼӣ޷Զι档
ƺ֪ʲôʥԼϵ㲻õģҲǣʲôĶֻϣԺҽһ¡

ֻǵĽһ̣ʥ֮ϣһŨҵϢϢ񣬽ıԷţʥ㲻õģֻΪܸõĺ㽻
Ҫɣû취ŵȺϼһõ󷨻ǺܿµģȻЩ󷨣ѾʧЧҺܶ޷ͽͽϸʱ乵ͨ󷨣ϵʿ
ҲǣԺԼͽͽϸôͲᣬһֱˡҡҡͷѰһɹ˿صλãȻ޵磬һѷĳѷĳ֮УϵĴ󣬽һɵ˿նϡնЩɵ˿֮ǰɵĳҲʧ֮䣬ΪһͣӰ
ֻҪһ죬ѽįĿຣ԰ġ
㲻оܲáһˣҲϣһ޿ƿԼ˼άԾԼԽԼ˼ά֮С
һʥΪߵޡ֮еĹǿߵǣӦҲҲŶԡ
ݣЦһȻ˿ǽϣҶʮʱгݣżĿ꣬δǵʮʮʮʮ֮ף֮ϣûֵҳݵˡ֮ϵκһˣʵֻһͣҵһ̤ʯ
ܿ񣡡
ⲻǿӵоԵʵ֮󣬲ŻţԼĽ
ΪǺǿûпΪͣ侳۷壬ȻڵԪܴ󣬿ϣս侳۷ˣھֵ׷ɱ£ҲԱΪ磬ӦûǺܶġ֮е侳֣Ҳ
ǵģǺܶ࣬Σ
ܿĺܿ񡣡
Ҳ꣬ϣͳޣڶηսʱҿ㣬Լ޴һĶԾ״ݻ޵ĽĿ֮е񡣡
ѵͲɱ㣿
£ΪʲôҪ£
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㻹֪ʲô
һʼҲ˽⣬֪ҴŻ׼ʮʱ䡣ʮ֮󷨾޷ס㣬Ҳᣬ뿪硣Ȼ꣬ԣ޴ηսǸʱ򣬾֮ľսʱ̡
ΪʲôңҺ㣿ΪʲôǶʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮꣿ
о˵ҵΪǵһҲΨһһֹˡ
ôţʥƺڳЦڼΪľǰȫƣʱŵʮ֣Ҳֻܽӡûа취Ĩɱ
ȥ˼ʮ꣬ϰ꣬ڱ仯Ҳڱ仯ʥһأΪֻӣ١֮Щ۵࣬Ѿȫ䡣ˣţЩ˿ԳɳԺ۵ĵز
ڵΪֻ侳۷塣ʮ֮ڣԽ侳ʮ֮ڣԽʥ侳ôҲ޷׷ϣѾʥ侳Լһˣƾʲô˵ţɱԼԼ
˵Ƕʥ£Ƕĳ
ȻѯʣĻӦһ䣬һǰҵΪֻԪһ죬һԺĽ죬ҵΪ侳۷塣
һʱ䣬Ԫһ죬侳۷壬ʱͻƣ죬ٶȣȴ˵֮еĴۻҪ¡
ģôǰ࣬ޣҪΪƬ½ˣϰôһҪ
ʥʧˣΪĹ۲֮£ȴûа취Ѱҵ㣬ΪȻܼžܷɣһ֮ûСʵȫģڷšʥţֻҪһôȻӴܶȥ׷ϣô̸ɱ


200 鹹Ľ״
ʥףԼ޷ߵ̫Զ
ڵֻ޶ĵط޶ľƶľ룬Ŀռ䣬޷ɱ
ڻþ֮е࣬˵ûκвҲţ˵Ҳ޷Լδ
ͨЩ֮ʥƽһӵЭͷ
ͷӭ֮£ʥЦһ
ȻʱѾףʥһ˿ܡ
ģֻһꣿ
ʥĬ֮ٶȿڵĵһ仰
һ仰Ķ棬ȴǳĿģΪǶԷͬϿԼǱ
ԼΪģʽֻһ
⣬ԼΪǰǰһӵʮꡣֻǰʮΪѾΪλӰһȷʵǴԪһ죬侳۷塣
ٶȣȷʵֵʥ𾪺;
ϻͯ͵ڴѡ˵ͷĬϻش⡣ʥ۾Ȼûȴɨ̳ԿκεĻ档˼ӣҲûӹĿ⡣֪Ϊʲô˼˼ʱһЩʲô
ֻӦĻǵͷǷǳᶨĵͷ
ıʾ£ĻشԼĲϣһѷĵû䣬޳Ϊеʳϵķװ֮ϵĵƷСеİƷƷ
ǴǸ£ǿĴۿʼǸĴۣҲûڵǿ󡣿˵ò˶ãˣһ½֮ϣ𣬳Ϊһ֣˵Ϊ֮еĶ֡ԼΪӡԭ򣬶޷ȥڵΪƣʱ򣬽նɱѵ죬ŵ
ˣԼҲҪġΪ޵ϣǻ࣬ū࣬ޣվ۷壬Ϊߣ֮еǿߵôޣͳ½
Ȼһûа취ش⡣
ʱߵ⽨ͻ޻ߣԼ֪ķԼ͸ǵ֮С
һ̣ԭزһ£漴˹
£ÿ£޻Լţɻڿ־þ֮еɢɭĸоҿҿһ״ˣһΪɱħʱʦһɵҡ
㻹ã֪Ҹղſʲô⽨һԼĴȣ˺һʹѼӵıҸղſʦķŭĲͳޣҪɱңʦҲ׷ɱҡ
ʲô
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˵һ仰ʱ⽨˫Ŀ֮УɢŻɫĹâȻ֮Уһãһá
֣ǣס޻Ĳӡ
ֵʱ򣬻޻Ҳ֣ǣסĲӡ
ˣǰʼһзζͬھ
ˣԼಱ׵ʱһȻ˫ֱַ˵Դ֮ϣһ¡
ԣ
һ޻⽨׻ָѣģ˭ӵԴ
ң
͸ǵĶ档
ֻʱ˵ûš
Ȼ⽨ͷһԼͷΪʲôҸоʲôط
ԣģޣˣҪ׷ɱʱҵǸ״񡣡޻˼һ£Ȼܸ˵ĵллľ֮ҪȻҾҪĪˡ
ȿȣ
ʥĹע£˵ı֣ʵ̫ˡ
ʵʥҲ˼඼⽨ͻ޻Ļôһͳ£Ʒͳ½飬ȫԳɹõģ֮гʲôţʲôǿߣԼնɱ
£⽨ͻ޻񣬳׽ݣݽ֮кⲻ𣿡
Ѿģôְ˽״е


201 ر
˰
ĺܶˡ
ֱ˵Դ֮ϣȭ
˵λǱǣ񣿡
ʲô񣿡

ӡʥ
ޣ㲻ңһˣΪ˷ӡʥ޻Ȼ֮ҡҡͷǣղΪʲôҸоѾصɽţҵõ˺֣ܶǶ׷ɱأ
԰Ҳоصɽš
þþһɸֵӣǵǸղţʥʩչĻˣղſĶǼٵģġѾٻѣô㣬зӡɣ
ǣȻղþ֮УΪʲôû飬һԽٻѣ
ǰǰ
Ϊʲô
Ϊǽ״ΪΪǸߡŭһֱˣһһţȻָʥıʥϷһأԺģôҾˣԼӡɡ
ʲôǺú˵𣡡
ǣǣ޻һһ֮󣬲Ŷʥ˵㣬ʲôʱˣŪʲôþôǳԱ˳ŵģû¸𣿡
ô֪Ϊû¸ɣԲ˸ղŵĻþҪڻþ֮Уʲô顣޻ѯʣʥĺģȻĽ
ǵȻţʲôһ۾ͻᣬʲô鿴һ۾͸
ǴţΪʲôΪô
ʮ꣬Ѿ侳ĸ֣⻹
Ȼ㲻ôΪʲôþ֮Уֻܵű˻ѣ޷Լأ
⡭޻һʱϡ
Ȼʱȴһ߳ʥҪԻˡһΣһὫӡġʲô£Ҫֳһʤô͵ţͷںϰٷ֮֮󣬶߳ڸ˵ɡ
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ӹ̷ӡôӰ죬Ҳ̫
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̳ʥͷ֮⣬ʮŸۡ⼸ۣ۵ܡ
ÿһۣҪһƷſļӹ̡
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ˣķ£ÿ˶һ޶򡣲ÿˣ޶棬ӹ󷨡
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ַ֮£һ׵һ֮СǼ̳֮ϵ󷨣ٵ
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ǺܳԾΪ壬ֱӲʥ壬󣬲һҺĳˮ棬ۦһˮ
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ֻûԤϵʥȻػȪˮôꡣ
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Ȼһεķӡ̫áҴӡۣѾʱ̡ڴ˽⣬һδӡ֮һʥһȥôͻ᳹׻ٻ޷޸
ʥһҲģ˵ʲô࣬ΨһĶʱ䡣ΪʥԶԶļʮ
һﵽʥôӵеҲǧ֮䣬ڼһЩôԻĸá
Ȫˮôţٻټϼ꣬ǧꡣ
ֻϧʥûԤϵᷢȪˮ׼֮õȪˮȫĶӡЩȪˮոսӣ͸оһɺӴϢڸıԼ壬ıԼˡͺ˵еŮ񣬴͸ԼһŮֻһ˵ȪˮҲֻһڵ伮ϣʵƷļֵҲ޷˽ΪǰûˣҲǵһãԸ޴á
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һԪĵҩЩܶƣǶ޷ƳɹֻưƷƷԪֻӶʮҲܵӡ
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ͺñղſȪˮֻ֪֣Լȴ֪Ԫ֮޻꼸Ȫˮĸֵʱ򣬾һС
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ΪĵҲΪ̫ԪȻЩϵ˵ԪӻкܶôģرʹһЩϾҪͷˣǸӵϣԵõԪķ
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Ц֮кһȻֱӳʱ·ȥ׼뿪Ȼ׼뿪ʱĶͻȻʥղͻȻһһʶˣ


203 ʥĲ²
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Ȼһ̣һԺ档
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ʥնɱôԿ֪ǿΪڲǰնɱޣЩŵ棬˺ӡ
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ֻΪȻܿɣԼбʤİաΪʲôСɫܸоһ֣ĸоڤڤ֮УһҵĲ֮ϣŤԼĲһĸоǲ
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һַеǿ֪࣬ʱΧԪ¼һЩΪȽ󣬻߱ȽõĻͼ䡣ҪʱֻҪղż¼ԲԵôͶںЩ¼ļ䡣
ղˣ˻þ֮УֱӹۿģǾʱˣ֮󣬲ϵĵƣӶвʥԹҲ޷棬ǵļ䡣ʩչطط¼סļ䣬ȻˣԼա
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ţԭڰϣһԼǾͻһжԸҡҳ֮һҪСӦԡ࣬һֱϲڶӦа취ɱŶԡ
ףϢ̫ҪˣȺȻһǰĸʥ侳ĸ֣ôһ£ôʥ侳ˣʽıˣյļ֮УȺ۷ʱ򣬿ҲûǿһԲʥ侳ĸְɣ
Ź֣ɽţһۡһһŵӱǺӣеأƺ
ԺҪҪעһɽţղǸļһҲһšϧӻþ֮Уѵ̫ˣҵõйļ䣬̫㣬֪ĹܣʱҲսʤ
һԼûпǽõ˺ܶҪ鱨ҲԼΪһϸ⡣ֻҪһ󣬵ԼָĲˣôͿʱԼµʱˡ

ʥ߶ʱˣѾȪڵĵطһΣ׼Թ۲һ£ȷûа֮ǲŽȪ֮УȻԪһĸȻա
Ķȹһʱ䣬Ǵ»صȪ档
ոմȪ߳СĶܹۿһ¡²һһʱʦΧޡֻΪдǲͣתƣʼûҵȪţһ޴ﵽһڼƻ󷨣ôǺܿͻҵȪ
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˵֮ԣôżʦţҲͳйءڿΪǿһͲᶪȻôʵָӼǵġǶӵˣȻ̡
΢΢һЦȻǶĻ׳棬ǿǵı飬Ҳܲµ֣ǵȻˣôҼȥʦˣλ´ټ


204 ѪҺ仯
νĿռ䷨ʵǷ
ŵķ˲ǧǷ֮еٮٮߡʩչ֮󣬺ܿʧʦϿա
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Ȼ飬ܿ췢һЩ⡣Щ棬ΪԪ죬˼ĸɣǳһЩѪĶѡȻЩ֮أϸ飬޷֡
ȻΪϻͯԵʣΪȻ˵Ԫһ죬ľɱʥ졣ǰϲÿʲôľʲôħϣֻҪԪϣôͿͻƣͿǰ
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һĻòٵܸ˵ıĻԼԪȥ鿴һ£Ǹ˿ڵλá
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һնɱǸʲôװԵļһɽŵĵӡ
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ʦ֣ʵ̫СˣѵΪװĸ֣ɽſӵкܶ𣿡һͷǣ˿ĵһε۹ٰǸʲôҲҪμӣʱʦֵܼҪȥúñһ£ЩνɣŴ󻧵ļһǣ֪֪ʲô֡
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ǳЦʱѾߣһ׵ĵطȻƽĵţһû˵ɣ֪ʲôô񡣲ǼȻһɱɽŵĵӣôǾӦ


206 Ѫָ
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ǴǵĻ棬ĳƺǿӣԺɽſһҲңɱɽŵĵӡ
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Դһǰţõ࣬һʱɣ˳˳ˮеͻƣһõһɣŵϿɣӶĻһʼСɵɳţ˽ţȫӸɡκһвǣôҪۣ۾
ԣ֮Ҳȥ֮ϣɽĵӣȫɱɽŶ档
ɣô͹ֲˡ
ŵʵȷʵɽţһΡԽŵĵӣɽŵʱ򣬻ǱȽϽġ࣬²Ӧ˵ɵӣҲôţô˵ȥˣѵţҪɽſսɣ
ŵĹȥֻһСɵɳšɳţڹȥĴ½ʷ棬ֻһ۵Сɡ
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ɽһ֮ڣɳڲ档һɣ涼һСһɵǿԼ¡Щɣֻ˽ʱ䣬ԼĶ
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ⶼԺ飬ǰЩˣԼڵɣһܲƺҪԼĨɱ˵Ƿǳ裬Ϊȥôĸ߰ôİԵ߸ϵǵˣҲûи˵ļԼԴϻ֮ͯȥƵ
˵һˣôı仯֮˵ƢҲӦøһµġûУûиıԼȥϰߣøӵİ
Щӣ𣬼ԼˣѾڽŵ£ɱ
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֮һŵĵȥ⼸˵Ϊڸɵ棬ϿɡһΪﵽ侳졣
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ΨһͬľǣôŪǣһȽϸ⡣
ɱˣЩʱҲɱĺƯ
磬һӵߣڶԷûзӦ֪ôһµʱĶͷǰ棬һ㡣
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һᣬλŵĵӣͷ֮ϳһ͸Ŀվ󣬿ԿȥԿһźɫ׵ָ
ָˣԼĿ⣬ÿһɨһǵһԲһɱɽһӣôҪе˵Ϊۡ
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ִɽŴϯλʱȻ̫£һɱ۸ɴѹʱͻսչʾԼ
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Լһôûˣǲ˲
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һôܵסοǻûн󷨣ĹѾǵߡ

·Ƕħĺ֮Ϊĺ£һŵĵӣͷ֮ϣһѪɫ
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207 ǰٿ
һֻأ
ŴָŸԴ̱
֮ʵǿĿ֮
ڵǾӢ֮УҲĶ֮ˣǱ졣ڣΪִﵽһ㣬ֻҪԼȪˮȫսԼĻ֮Уɱ仯֮ôͶͻơ
Ȫˮûȫͬɹ֮ǰǲͻƵġ
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ϾͻƣǾǻϵĸı䣬òô롣
һŵӵͷ­ʼѹԼսƷϻ֮ͯ󣬲һϰߡ
û취飬ȥڳɳʱʦţʦչˣԺ޼ɣҪʲôֻҪ־ͿˡڵʦţҲȥʦҪһСģͱԷʶƣôͲˡ
ֻԼÿһսʱ򣬽һѹΣһܿʹŵĵӵϣҵ˺ܶõĶ
һȻŵ֮š
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нܣûɱһһɵŵӣôͿԵõһԪܾȡ
ΪȻɣһ֮УҲֻǵ׵ĶѣһɣȻʱԼɵĶ֮ߵ棬ȥԼɣɱɵĵӣѵǷˡûЩԴôǽŵĵӣ
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ʵϴʱȷʵԭԤʱ䡣Ҳ˵Ѿһ죬ռලϵĹ涨ھͿǰ۹ˡ
ԯĻŵӣ׷ලϡ
ʱҵǼıơʱıʾĺĻƺһҲû˵˼ԴҿǱƣҲŹȥʱ䣬ʱ棬ʲô仯ġලϷ񶨵ҡҡͷһĵΪ·;ȽԶԻڸ·Դڵʱ֮ʱûйôİ취
Ȼල϶ô˵ˣЩǵˣȻ˵ʲô
һʱ䣬˷ϣе塣
ȥ˼ʱҶеӿտգڼලϵĺ£ҿʼ׼տһЩʳ
ʱһֻ׸ڼලϵϡ
ලϺܺĴ򿪰׸ϵżУȻһϢŵû뵽ȣȻҪǰСʱգǱ뾡ȥףһεȡ
ʲôֱվĵලϴ½ȣǹغɽģԾԲʧ󡣶ҲμӴȣôͼԵãɽžˡ
ԯ˵Ĳȹغɽŵ
½ܴ󣬺ܴĶأеأɽŵĵӣкܶĵطʵûɽŵĵӣûɽŶ֪Щطɽţδչ̽ĵ
ֻɽţΧĵɵĵӣϾ޵ġЩطÿֵܳţҲǹ̶ġԲɽţɣϣչԼɽӰϣøˣ֪ɽŵĴڡ
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Ĵ½ֻһ۹ôǶܵ۹ֻҪɽŵĵӣһ֮ϣ¶һԼķâôͿԸܵ۹ǣȥһϢһǿɽɽš
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οҲһνύܵ۹ĺûᣬֻҪһνܵ۹Ļ£ôɽδӰҲͱ÷ࡣ԰һЩɽ׵ĵӣٳǵļ壬ڹٳ֮һõλΪɽ档
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ԯĻල˼֮СΪһʱ䣬½ʲô仯Ҳ֪ѡ
Ȼδ飬һ㰵˪Ϊ֪һεŴ֮ϣΨһһߵĸԶˣΨһһԾ׵ˣһˣϣôɽŵʧ
ලϣжɣһҪˡ
վΪ͡ˣҲڱʱҲϣලϣɽŵΪ
⡭Ҳã˼һᣬල̾Ϣһ׼ǰ۹ǡ
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ʱѾԿලϣԼˣȻʾ
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һԪΪףԪǿսذȪעǰˣ
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ʵϵҲǵɽŵľơһ±ΪףһΪ׵ġ
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Ե֪һεȣһϣ
ΪһۣͿΪѾﵽ侳죬ֻǱϵݣʵս˵ʲôأ
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֪һεŴȣŷֳԪһ֮ĴȣȡһǾӢ֮Ĵȣƴȡ
ȣҪμӵġ
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ڳɳĺܿ죬Ǻľ磬һһ侳죬£˾Ÿ£һ꣬ʮ¡
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ලϾǼලϣʲô鶼ǳ档
ֻܿЦһȻԼɭϸһ¡Ϊ֪ලҪ֪Щֻ֪Щܰػ
ȻලĻü
ŵӣ֪װ֮֮󣬶ʱ̾Ϣһŵӣ˵ţɱװԣҿڳԣһɫãΪɽţǵʦţȻҪػʦŵҫ
ߣССҲҲңôһҪɱѪɺӡ
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һʾɽŵ磬Ҳ֪ɽţӣ˭ģҲȥʦܸ𡣡
ϧˣŵĵӣʦɱˣҲȥɱŵĵӡ
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˰֮ƿڵȻǽţû뵽ҲΣգʼһ׼ˣǰķˣʲôأ
ĸɣһɣһ߰˸ܺɽŲеĽţȻҲ̫
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209 ලϵ˵
ලһȽϺ˵ˣֻҪΥǵô˵ʲôԡ
Ե˶ʱε̾Ϣһ
Ƶ˵һЩ飬Ҫ֪ġ
˵Щ֮ǰȵϷһ߸۹ǣһ˵
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ලԼȷһ·ߣмеĿĵءȷеޣ֪Ŀĵأɷ֮˵¡
Ҷ֪ȥɽţһҫĺǣÿһˣɽţɽŴӶɣ̶̼ʮʱ棬չΪһɣΪĴڣɽŻԺĴ󶥼ɿ⣬档
˵ҵ۾ΪǶ֪ල˵ˣɽŵĴ棬
⻰ʱǿЦѣûԼɽ֮Ӱ졣
ʵΪǿкܶˣɽţΪΪһݺأԲżɽŵġ
ڵɽ棬˺ܶܶࡣǰЩˣܳݡϾǹȥʱˣڽʱ
ҶףලϵĻû˵꣬ԴҶû˵żල˵
ҲǰϣŵʱĶϱۣԼɵǰ˾ɽһħ򡣾˵ǸطĴ۵ĴУʱĴϣҪǿòټˣǰħ򡣵ʱǰȥˣĺѡ۲˵ˣɽŵĴϣ˹ȥҲɽհˡ
ɵĶ飬Ĵ½ǿĶΡ棬еʱ½Ψһʥ侳ִϡĸ侳۷壬ֻ̤ʥ侳ľ֡ˣɵͣκһضԴġ
κ鶼ûоԣһɵġǰϱӴܻصɽšոջصɽţֻ˵һ仰ͻ˯˹ȥ
Ϊһ仰ɽŶ𶯣½ˡ
۳˵ʲô֮⣬˶ܺѯʵ
˵һ䣺صˣʱٶȰˣȥħѰҡ
г϶ˣҶˣΪ˶֪ɽŵҪԡǳţһǰħ򡣿Ǹոոϵŷħô¡һһˣֻǶʮˣӳ棬ҲֻҵѹʴϵһֻЬӡ
ţǷѹʴϵıƣѾĪϨټϱ۳ϵĻһ̿ʼ֪ϣѾˡ
ǶôʴϻۣôʹˣһСģҲ졣
ලϵı飬ȻܲܲҲܲޡ
֪֪ʱ򣬻һʲô顣
ˣʱ˿̱ҲܸӣΪǼɽţʵǱͷˣǵżǿĹˡ
ǻҪˣҪʬֻ֪Ҫһ죬ûмϵʬ壬Ͳ㳹ûʱ䣬ȥѲϵټΪʱǾȵķˣһ顣
Ϊħ棬ʧ˳Ű˳ɵսɽţ˿ǰ˥ڡʱǱһͷͬʱĳϣӿڱ۴ϣħӳʱЯ˲鵤ҩЩĸܶ೤ϣڲͣͻơ̶ʱ䣬ɽţʹﵽһȶڡ
Ƕ֪ɽźЩɣһġûʥ侳ĸ֣ôûرǵ֪ʱ۶λϣһħˣҲӳˡˣǾɵǻųȻõٵ鵤ҩôǶȫµĵӡøĳͻƣø˳ΪϣȥôɣԶԶǣһѹȡ
ΪϵǶɽţҲȥ£ͽӽ


210 ´
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żලϵĻҵĶ
ǰ棬ǿԶԻɱⶼڶɽԼ飬ԸΪ鸺𡣿ɣѹɽţǲ̣Ҳ޷̵飬ΪǼɽŵʱ򣬾ѾɽţΪһ壬ָܷˡ
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뵽еŵӣ˾Ȼɫ
ǵı飬ලϺοΪֻ֪ҪŵӲţæֻҪŬôɽžϣ
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Ͼˮ㣬κһطᴿǸӡȻˣʱ̻ԼƤӵµǶԼ˵ƿء
ãңָı飬ල΢ЦſڵҲҪ˵ĵģΪһЩ飬Ȼͷ˶šǶסˣŻֵˡڵǣҪ飬Ǽӿĳɳر
һһۣûһˣԿΪǷ׷εҡҡͷ֪ΪΪʲôԿΪľ磬ѾǿԹ۲ĳ̶ȡ
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ලϵĻһɲ
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ѳΪʥ侳ȴڼලϵһɵ顣ˣǼලϣôһ֪ղ˵ˣǼලϣǳŵĸ֡ҼලϵһһУɽţһЦˣ˵Ļһ⡣
ȻǸո뵽ͼලϸһԼĺ룬еŵ˵
֪ǵ뷨Ϊ½֮ϣʱѾʥ侳ĸ֡Ϊ֪ţѾ֮٣ܳôһΪԼʣȲϣǾ£Ҳ룬Ҫǣκ飬⡣
ðɣȻǸо׷ѰѹôΪʲôܻһȥ׷Ѱδϱۣŵʱ򣬲ֻеؼƷ֮Уκһ˵ʣȱ۴ϲôѵû׷
δϵ飬ȻҲס
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׷׷ϱۣǻеϣģΪ֪۴ϵΪֻ죬ôߵĽޣֻҪṳ̂ʥ侳ôǾͿ׷ϣ׷ϡ
ֻ侳ˣ·ϲ׷ʲô壿
ɻ󣬼ලϲõЦЦ֪ǵɻҿԺܸ˵ĸǣڲǰ۴ϳˡ֮һ飬Ǿ˳ˣΪɽŵķչһ־ӢӣѵĿǰѾһصĿռ֮ڣŵʱɽţһԳһǿ侳ϡ
侳ôʥ侳ˣ
뵽еලϣţ֪ලһϲѵˣôһΪලڿЦ
֪ලϵƷԸԵල˵⻰ʱѡšôɽţһʥ侳ĸ֣ôھ£ɽ
һʱ䣬еලϵĿ⣬ò
ʱʥ侳ʲôǴ۷½ǿˡһʥ侳ô;һɵǿ
Ȼලϣǵı֮󣬺ܿ͸һµĴ𰸣еɻ󣺡Ȼ۴ͻˣֲɵǣţȪţʹŵҲͻʥ侳Ϊ˶ʦҲΪʲô˵´ƣѾ˵ԭΪһʥ侳ţ´Ƶı仯ôõĽҲһָʥ侳֡


211 һķ
һֺܶʥ侳ĸ֣
ල˵Ҳĵһ仰仰ʱһڷڣΪʥ侳ǵһգܿһϣһĿꡣ
Ψһ˼һˣȥ֪ۺܿͻƣΪʥ侳ˡǵȷۣѾͻƵʱﻹе㲻ƵĺܺãԱ˲ʲô
ͻˣֵ⣬ǽϼһʣѾٽ㣬˵ӦͻƵĲŶԡΪʲôҲΪʥ侳ˣе㲻Ҳ·
ѵħ棬ֵõʲô
Ҳ԰
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ලϣȻǱ۴ϣѾ˳Ϊʥ侳ĸ֣ôҺαػ˵ģĶɣɽţʲôΪ
ǰɽŵսκһɣɽŶϣõʲô˵ģ෴ԵŶԡ
ǰ˵Ȼ˵ȫʤɣͬһĵӣҲǣһ𣬴һôҲɵʤ㡣
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ţ⣬ԸɽšǻȪźʹţһֱϵģôȻԸɽšɽٵʱ򣬺ɽϺá
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Ҹݽţ֮ڵ鱨ʾŵŵӣѾ׼֮ϣݺݵɱɱɽŵ΢磬ɽ֪ԼĿ¡Եʱһк֣֮ܶϡ
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ȻڼලϣµʱΧͻȻһ˿仯һȼලӴеԡ


212 
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ȥļʮ棬ලϸλ꣬ûٴ򽻵ΪԵɶС˫֮䣬Ǣûеˮݵʱ
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ල֪ɭ棬ɱɽװԵģ֮˵ֻΪ˴̼һɽţ̼һ¼ලϣҪһɽŰˡ
ලϣ֪źͽ֮ĹϵôΪҲʲôˣֻǹԼѡǵ֪Ϊ֮ôͲˣôΪˡԼලϣףɨһ۽š
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ֵһҹǣǶܵ۹ġ
˵ҹǣʱ򣬾ѾˡĴ۶֣˴ɽҹǣվҹǵģʮ졣ʮ֮Ĵ۸ԼңԼҹǶλĹ
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վԿܶණԵĻǶǸڵأɢ֮
ֻϧһ֮Ȼе㰵ûйȥôƺܵ۹Ҳһؼʱ̣޷ȥôȻȻһµĹڽ


214 ıǨ
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˵֮ǰ½Щ۸ӵĽһ𣬻ۣϣӦǸʱκһɣӵһӶΪһ
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Ĵ۵֮κ鶼ƷˡĴ۵ǿƣǿκһˣһɣǿʱκһˣĴ۶ϣôֻһ·
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ʮֻ֮ʣһطȫĸ֣Ūҹǡ
ҹǵĵ˾ʮ۵ľ档˵طֻһƶôҲӵе֮־ÿһٶȣݿҪࡣҹǱΪĺģİգ
һֱǧꡣǧ֮ĵڽŪ·ڣʧҹǣҲ˺صĴˡټϵʱĴۣϲɭԣԼ䡣û취Ĵһˣͳһ½е켺ȫɱˡһŪĺҪԽҪһЩĹͶܡ˵κһĻʵۣ츳ι롣ֻһһ̫ƽʢΪ
һĴۣҲռɭ֣ʮ꣬űƵɭ淴ҵʱɭ֣ҪԿôֻиķݡǵʱʥ쭵ʱƵĺܺá
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ҲΪҹǶʧʽ䡣סҹǣֻҪŬôҲԴ¶¡ϧˣûʶҹǻᶪʧûΪܵ۹ķѣô죬ôѸ͡
ܵ۹֮ΪֻһѾҹǽһΣҲ޷ߣԶܵ۹ֻҲҹǽҵһζܵ۹ľһǳӢľΪڼ䣬Ŭչ͸죬ҽԼ뾩֮ģһֱ̣
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Ҳ֪ලʫ˭ģȷʵи򡣡̾Ϣһĵĵûв´ʫ䣬ӦһԤԣƺԤʾţ½б仯Ӵʧ½Ҳɢ
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ľ仰ܵ۹ĻңۡЩĺ鷨ңԤԼңǿռңóһͳһĽۣδļʮ棬½䡣һεĴ䣬漰ÿһˣÿһɣÿһ뱻ôҪֹһ仯

һʱ˶ɵˣһ˵ԪʱͻȻ̧ͷලϣ˵Σ½飬ǲɭֵı仯
ҵ۾Ϊ֪½ɭǵжԵġԴ¼֮˫Ѿˮݡ
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һεı仯ˣǴϿʼġԤ⣬Ϲ죬Ӷ½仯һ̿ʼ½òɣƽȣȫһ
Ҳ˵Ѿ½ʱˡһε˼һϴңԿɭ֡ͬʱҲᣬɣڶʱڣԼ֮еĵӣ
еһ׼ӦһεĴѡεĴѣڶԢԣڶε鱬Ҳڽڡ˵һΣһħţħţĴɱǵͬǵͬţ½ҡͬʱǣٴδɭ֮߳ߡ
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궷ֵ֧ԸĴ£ʮʱ䣬Ĵͳһ½ɴ˿ɼĶŶôǿ󡣵ǵսܣ֮һֱģһΣǽ


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˵һʱǷƱ仯Ѫܵ
Щ飬۹½ʲôصӰ졣
ħŴ˵кǿ󣬿ԺĴ۴̨ǱϾǰĴ۸ոմµʱȻ֪ǸʱĴжôǿ󡣵ǰĹɣĴҲһɳģڽ֮ǰĴ۵ΪҲ̫ߡӵ㹻ʵʱҲ۷ʱڣǸʱħţĴӣˡ
οħţô꣬Ѿʧȥ˵½ɣħˣôҲֻˡħžҲʲôΪ
ޣȻΣգܶɾ޴Σ޵ʮֵѡһͷǿޣҪɭ֣꣬ǧ꣬ɭ֣Ҳֻһߴһģôʱ֮ڣǲʲô޴Σġ
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ַʵûʲôɱҲûʲôƻΨһӵеǴ򿪽硣ʵڵľΪ˰ȫѾһ磬ĵ̣ȫ档κһˣ뾩Ҫзˣſ˳롣
Ȼ磬ЩͨˣûκӰġЩͨ࣬޷ʩչ޷뾩ˡ
Ȼ֮ϣʦܶ࣬ǲ˸࣬Ҳ
ոͶȥ˾ͿˣϿյĽӣĵɫӳһ̵֣ܼĸо
ලָ·Ľֽ磬ǵĴһǧϵʦĽ硣ֻҪǽֵķΧôһʥ侳ĸκһˣҲ޷俪硣Ȼ㼯ʮһһǧʦһôҲǿԺ俪ģֻôֻΪ˺俪磬Ժֵܲá
ලϣȻ˵ô˭Թ
ǰĶܵ۹ι¾ģ
Ǻܺ棬ලҲûбܻ䣬ֱӵȻǽ磬ôȻлʯлʯȻҪ󷨺ͽ͵ʦػÿ꣬ؽʦһǧˡһǧˣȱһͻɽһ֣ʧȥˣôȻͻʧЧÿһʦڵԪ޵ģ˳ʱĽϵʦԪôʱˣһԹȥ
Ķܵ۹ܹ֮ȥҪԭ򣬾ǵĵĻʺǶܵ۹һξĽ㡣λʺϣȻ˳򿪽硣
ලûϸ˵Ϊ棬кܶš
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һͳżලϹֵ£ɽŵļලϣ
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ĵλݣôҲԶƷԱݡһһСС佫ලϸú
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217 
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֮ǰȽȥеͬе֪ܵ۹ĹԱֺɽţ˴֣Щɵӡ
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218 Ⱥۻ
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219 Ⱥۻۣ2
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һˣ޷úõĿƣôȻԼصĺΪһϣ˹ƿԼ档Լʲô͵øʲôϣûа취ˡ
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220 Ⱥۻۣ3
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ΪĿɨӹȥֲȥĽŵӣվڲԶһɽŵӣһ

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221 Ⱥۻۣ4
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侳죬Ϊ֮Уκһˣ޷Ტۡ
ڲΪİ취ܳɫôˣ޷ǧޣһϲԼˣһЩֶΣԲ˵ϢͬʱҲһЩصԽԼκһˣ޷ҵԼ
ǧ޵Ŀұ죬ڲǰͻȻܲ죬һƽӹˣȴɽŵĶ档
ҾڸոգɽŵĵӣûһˣվţǺڵλãһξ룬Ȼеܲӡ
û취Ϊ̫ǿˣôǿƣԲǽɽԯվߣоѹ
ѹ֮£ǺܲˬܲԸһξ룬Ҳվһ
ҲΪǧ޵ĺ档һ£Ĳ֮
ڻȪŵ˵ʱҲоһĿ⣬ƺעԼһŲһ²ӣɨһۻȪڵصط
ֻǿһۣȻջԼĿ⣬ʲô鶼ûзһ
ǧǺεˣĿɨʱ򣬾Ѿ˷ӦͷСӺϬĿ⣬񾭣һȪŵĴ֮һ
ڿʼǸҼסһȪһεĴУҪһˣɽŵ

ǧ޵ȻΥ
Ҳһɫʣһζǧ޵Ļһ»ɡ
ǻǣǰ޵Ļ
֮󣬻ȪŵĵӣҲԼסˣΪʱԺſڵķ粨Ѿ׽ˡ
ˣôֻʣɽŵˣȻҲûʲôˣȻ޷Ҳʧȥ˹۲Чá

ڼԺһɽɽϹһµķӡ
ӣǼ԰ûλߵһɣſõĵ̡ɣȻǽš
ʱŵĳϣڸɽ֮ϣߵһݵݶ֮ϣĿɨżԺ֮ı仯þò
һֱŵĵȥɽŵʤʱλŵĳϣŻĿڵʮ꣬űȻ䲻ڡ
ĻнŵĵӺִ£̻Ȼ
һһɵ䣬顣λϣȴһԶ֮Ҳ̫Բ˰ɣ
һִ£ޱȹķһ£еɻ󣬸߸λڽŵλޱĳϡ
еɻͲ⣬λ΢΢һЦһеĸȻ󿪿ڵûзָղŵôٿꡣ
˸ղֻҪλŵĳϣ˵ǵʱԽʥ侳ôҲһٶꡣ
ǧã򲻸õͬʱһٽŵĵƱ©һŴһ޷ֿΣ
ôᣬųһʥ侳ǿߣԿܱߣе˶ҽţҲôܸ𣿡һִ£վѯʵ
£Ѿǹȥ¡Ǹʱܳһʥ侳˶漣ڵʱѾʥ侳ǿߡڳʥ侳ǿߣôǽţʹţȪţɽ˵һ鷳˲κһɣκһһµʥ侳ǿߵ
ϣ˵
ŰɣһεĴһļɣͻѰǽţδŵ飬ʱһ棬õۣȻǺɱɽšǼ˵Ǳ۵飬Ҳ޷ܾ顣Ϊ赲ĸɵĺɱĸʥ侳ǿߵĸջɱ𣿡
һʣĴ𰸣ȴǳļ򵥣Ϊκһˣ֪ĿӦεȥ⿪
ڳ˵ʱ̾еİأһĵ̾Ϣһ


222 Ⱥۻۣ5
һɣ
һ½һ
ʵ̫ˡ
ңܹ˭ֻܹǽŵĵӣʵ̫ˣһ֡
ǽţڹȥ֮ϣһֱǵһǽŵĵӣһֱҲܹɣ˵ƽͣڼӣ˺˷
ȻҲǱ󣬱һʲô˭֪أ
һʦûвɱ˵Ļɣ
֮ϣȻۡ
ҲӰˣ棬ԶһլԺ
լԺǹȥպĵɡʵʵڵĵڶɻȪš
ǽţҪǺǱƴҲһʤΪɣǳе̣̣ʵǺ͵ĵ۹𲻿ɷֵĹϵ
˵Ķܵ۹һλʵۣһɣʱǸɣֻһɣ׵
ǵܵ۹һλʵۣǸ棬ʮ֮󡣳׸ıˣǸɵƿؽײ㡣
Ǹɷ֣ԼӦøı䣬Ѳ
Ҳ˵ҪȨҪӰ죬ҪӴĵ̡ˣڶܵ۹£ܿ½
⻹ǣԻͣǿʢʱ
ʵɣǿʢԻ͵ʱǰܵ۹֣һٶ½¡
ܵ۹һλʵۣҲڽ֮󣬽̷Ϊ̡
Ժ½ҲͲڽ̣Ǹɵֻ̡֣򱻷Ϊܵ۹ʦ
ǣɾͺͶܵ۹ҳ׹ҹ
ÿһ꣬ܵ۹Ļ壬ڳ֮󣬽Ҳμ֮ڹ棬Сгɼ֮ڷس͢Ҫְλ
˵ܵ۹ĹԱĹ٣佫ٷ֮ʮλ̡ҲΪˣ̲źͶܵ۹ϧϧأһپ٣һ
һε飬̵ĵλ̵ʲôĶǺҪֻҪ۹ڣǵʵʵλ޷½
Ȼסڽ֮£оܷУһı顣ʵҲṇ̀Ŀʼ
û취ǵͶܵ۹ҹǵĵӣǹԱ佫ټ϶ܵ۹Թ̵Ҳǿʤ޷ȤǵĵӣһһҪиҺͻ֧ţͻˡ
۷׷׵ʱ򣬹̵ĸ֣ȻҲҪһ¼Ժǰ顣
һɣϵĹԱƷ裬һܵĵȺɵĳϺ͵ӣǺǰһһȺƥֶֻ֪ţʮֵĴףվϷǰϷ򶼲мǽ
ѧʿ˵ĺܶࡣȺƥôʸǹӵ˵ĵλ˵
£ǹ̵ĵƿءǵĵλ㲻ȥҲµһҲ˿
ԺлᣬһҪ˧Щȫ
ɣЩɣҪһʱ깤ĹɱҪõĶࡣһĹٴĹԱʱվ佫ղżԺǰһĻҷ֣ʵǿԣܺõһ£֮ìܣǻɱ
Ҫ̽ŵ֪ǵʲôλҪǣĸʥ侳֣ǷֱĸաôɣȻᵣǣ־壬Ҳìܡʱ֮Ҫ΢ʩչһֶΣôͿǳ׵ıҶɱΪֹ
ɱǳ͢ľӣѾ񣬱ȻɹһٽǼĺô
˵̫ˣ̫ˣ
ǣ˵ô࣬ôʲôĲ裬ʵʩ
⡭
ˣûõġûо취ȥ֮ҶôͲҪ˵ЩϻѾˣʵ۱Ϊʲôǰţżһεȡ

½Ҫˣ½ˡʱǱҪŽᣬһпŽֻǲſվڲܵĵط
ЩµޣɭֵʱЩѾɱĲˣЩ֣ѾʧˣЩ۹Ľ죬ǹƥȥޣΪ𣿡
Ϊ
֮£κһ˶ҪֳĬ
Ϊ֪һĻȫ飬κһһɣһΰ׳١
ԴҶĬˣĬе£


223 ලϵĲ²
Ժı仯Ȼ޷ɽŵע⡣
ʵԺķֲ˽ĻǺɽפؾִǣѾһм˵Ĵˡ
Եɽţƽ˽֮ЩӴ񲿹ԱҲ׷׸ˡΪǻĽӴ񣬱ϾһεֻмԺ⼸ɡ
Ҫ֪½ɳǧм򣬼ʮϰӺˡʵҲֻмˣӡ
һ㣬ʵǿ񣬲ǿǿۺʵҲΪʲôֻмˣɿЦ½
ȻţصĺܺãһȻᣬμһεǶʲôʲôλһҲɡ
ʵ۹񲿵ĹԱҲһȺӲļһ˵Щһɣɣǳź򡣵ЩСɣЩĩЩɣôԸôԸҲûѹ
ЩСɣҲûʲôȨܵ۹ôţǾô֮䣬˵ҪǢĶࡣ
ɽţһһɡ
ɽŴ֮󣬵۹ҲûѹɽסԺҲȻʵˣڲ
һԺ͸о˺ܶǿϢ
ЩϢ£֪ǶԼһ顣ԼݣһĿ顣
Ϊ飬ôͻᱩ©ԼݣôͻӰԼδݡԼҪһ£Щˣ߿ܱϳĶʩչʣȵȶıһ¡
ߵٶȣҲͱԽѸ١
ŪüලϣΪʲôʱƵģæʩչһŲƵķֱŲƳȥ
һ̣ǾɽžסСԺ
СԺ֮󣬼ලɨΧĻ鿴Ƿʲô󷨣ڰС
û취ǵ۹ҪŪԼôȻһЩֶΣԼһֲ
·ϣٶ΢ôһ㣬ǼŻ׼졣Ϊʱ棬ǱץȡԼľȫѵ״̬֮£δӭս׼ලϷԼʩչ̶ˣķԸ

ලϷԸϣȻֶţפؾִ·Ըŵ˼ץ׼ͽ䱸ֹʲôСˣٿڼʱŪǷǡ
ʵǰҲȷʵƵ顣統ɽŵһӣ;ʱ򣬾Īһ̨֮ϡ
Ȼĺֳкܶˣ֤һƽıȶȻºɽŵĵӣȡ棬ѰҵˣգҲֻεɱԪСޡ
ԴǴε֮ɽž͹涨ɽŵĵӣμĴʱһҪھס׼ȥҹ䡣
ලϷԸ֮˶û̫ȡҶռලϵķԸȥڷ⣬Ȼ˸š
ķ䣬λһ档
һִ£䡣
Ϊǰʱ򣬼ලѾʹ÷ɸ봫İ취Լһ˵ƣ󣬶˾
Ծߵִ£һΧˣ֪˭˭ȻÿһˣиԵĿ꣬ԸղżලϷԸ֮˿ûлңܴݵľͰÿһŵӣȥסˡ
ˣƺɽһ侳ִ¡ھѾִ񳬹ʱˣݵפĳ⣬λפؾĳϣܷĵչ
һ£Լδʮסĵطʾ⡣һķݣ幹һ󣬼̺ͷ̶ȣֵ⡣͵ģЩķ䣬иԵڣ֮ڵԪŻ㡣
һԪΪǿʺġԴҲ㹻ˡ
ӻ֣λִˡ
Ȼȴûע⵽ִȥʱ۾֮Уһ˿â
㷢ˣôҲġ˵һ侳Сִ£ԼһָͷͿ
ԼС֮ϥȻԺ֮Уϵ˼ţԼֵܻ
ȻڽһһɾȥԼȫֿ
ȻһƴḶ́Ҫܳһʱ䣬ȥϾܶطԼ޷ע⵽
һˣô۹⣬ȻصģҲ׿ġ

ʱ򣬼ලѾפؾĳϣһȽıյķ֮ڡ
֮󣬼ල̴ӻ棬óһصķó֮󣬼ලʩչһ䷨ϵӡǸΧǽ֮С
ʮӵӣලϲһˮģͣԼĶȻλ֮ϣϢһᣬָһԼԪſڵԪԴһΣڸ֮ϣһμ棬Ѿʮ˰ɣ
ලϣʮ꣬һǶʮꡣԴһ֮һֱפأٷɽˣһ˵ʣΪҪǵ޷ɽţʵǲפؾĳԪѾһʮĴˡᵽʱ۽˲ӿֳһˮ
ɴ˿Կĳɽŵĵλôĳߡ
ı֣ලϺ⣬ǵһС֮󣬲ŵЩ飬һţ޷¶۵ġֻҪһ죬ûзִϵʬôͲ֤ȥ
Ǳ۶ϡϣ˵ϣһ޷𣿡Ԫɻѯʵ
Щ飬Ǳô򵥡ѵûз֣һε飬뱨ʾͷе㲻·𣿡
ϣڱ۵˵£һȥ̽ħ鷳ȱֻñһ롣ٴα۴˻صɽţҸǴˣʱȥͬʱˣܵĽѾȡȥˣǱһĵӡЩӣֻһΧ֮Ѳ飬ûɽ֮СҸǵˣ̽ϢһĴˣкܶھɽ棬һׯĵӻɱº󱱹ۣŭׯȴûҵǸˣ㲻оЩǰȥħˣ֮⣬߻ˣһʱ䣬ͻһؿ˳Ľʥ侳ⲻ˲𣿡
ලѵ˵һе鶼һıһʼƺõıԪһƺ뵽ʲôȴֲ˵


224 ලϵĲ²⣨2
֪˵ʲô
ʵҪô⣬Ϊκһ飬һ죬ˮʯġڵǣӵпԻһеľ񡣶ֲķȫµ˶֪Ǽ֮еĹ졣
ֻˣҸղŻʩչˣһ׸õģ˿ŵ̸ۡ
ලָָһԵΣʾԪȥ
ԪҲûпֱӺ̹Ȼ߹ȥڼලƶĵط
ලϺһڣԼȻʵһɱ۵ĶԼǼ鱳飬Ҳһ죬ˡ
Դӱ۹Ҿһֱ˼⡣رҷ֣Ǵȥȣж֮УǳһǰȥҶõ˱۵ָ㣬֪ӦǰνħЩԭɣɣĴ˺ѣħ򣬻ŻȥˣǱ۵ˡȻº󣬴ҶΪʹûΪ飬ʲôԵġбȻһĹ⡣
˵ලϵķȷʵͷͷǵҲǳеݡ
ɽŵѾ÷ǳԣһѾεƿˣ벿ɽŵʵȨšڵһʱ䣬۴ӦԼΪ֮ȻһδģϴежԵ飬һɶ
ʱɽžҪĻˡ
ڼල˵ֻҪɽżڣֻҪ۲ʦүϵôҲᷴʲô
ʵЩɣÿһ껻ʱ򣬶һЩһЩˣġලϣΪܵϼලһҪְҲԽԼļˣȫɱĻԭ֮ϣ׽ǻ
ԼලϿֶεģֻҪܰɽڷɣһЩڱɵֶΣԽܡ
֮Ը˵ЩϣףɵˣôۣҪĶɴȨʲôȤĻʱȻ֡ΪפؾǲСӵġǸʱѡսӣΪɺãôȻվһߣãôϣԣ취ΪɽŵľӢһ·
Ȼ˵ʱλߵ̬ЩôڽµӡʵҲȷʵˣΪǼලϣɽĺģҲɽŵĳһϯ֮ء
ҪȨôһǱġ޷ȨôԼܷ֧ලԼûģ֪Լһһ֧֣Լĵλֻ·һΪԼĺΪԼصһЩˣһ·ǿԼȥɽŵĻ֣ȫɥʧڱ۵ϡ
ԪܵΣפسϣȻˮƽҲ֮ͣ˼ලϻ˼
ͷûнĻ˵Ǽලϣͷ˼ԻǺܿġ
ˣҲ꣬Ǹ飬ֻܿһС飬ʲô粨ġ
ıôҲԺ飬Ǹʱٻм꣬ʮʱ䣬õġ
̸̸飬鱨㶼ôˣ
ලѯʴ£Ԫվ
ȻԼĴ棬óһɫĲӡһһЩǸɵĵӡ
óıУóһЩļȻصĶҲ̫ȫ棬ٿ˽һš
ĹۿһᣬලϽԺһ֮󣬲űĿ˼£дʮˣҪע⡣ʮˣȪˣʹˣˣһˡһɣų֡ЩɣĩɣһҲûУ
ǵģҵõ鱨棬Щֵעġ
ôɽŵĲӣһʲôˮ׼
ɽڰѲ飬ЩѡֵᣬɣȻҲҲڰѲ顣
ɽԼķôɣȻҲԼķ
ලѯԼԪЦһලϣ˵飬еѿΪˣеɣǶڵ˿ʱ϶ĵˣҲֻһ㼯ϣǱעصŵʮˡ
Ҳ˵ûκһˣɽŵĵӣ
ҲǣǵĽ̸ǱȽϿأŵĽɽΪһֵԸļһҲֵֻ濴ԣֵȫ֡
ලһ
Ⱥ޴ļһɽţɱﵡôǱȻҪܾ޴ʧ
ЦʱԪҲעı顣ЦԪҲ˼ѵԼʲôطûнĳˣӽȥ
ɽʲôӣĺܳɫԼûм㵽
һԪ֪Լõ𰸡Ϊලϣһϲ˽͵ͷ
Ȼලϣϲ͡ǼලЦ֮󣬶ԸȻǿɽţôҲûбҪǽ档ʱ棬Ըһ£פؾĵӣҲҪţȨңһչˡ
ȴ죬ǵĵӣʱһʵˮ׼˵ЩûӪĳǿȫûġ
ල˵꣬ͺһȻˣɣԲעˡǸŵĵӣ㶼עһ¡ǸнйͨɣҰм̨ʼ˱ȶµĵӣһ죬Ǹ棬һ̸̸ء

ԪаЦһԴ֮פؾĳϣֵ𾴵ġкüΣ۹ĻʵۣԼʱ򣬶ޱȵĿԼʲôƵġ
ԼԼֻһСһСϡɽ棬ܵϳϵˣǳ֮࣬мˣԼ޷ֵõ۹ʵ۵ӡ
ԴһоͷıˣԽԽյأǴ󳼣죬ǻ壬Ҫ֡
ԼʮѾˣһְԵϢκһˣҪģҪԼɱġ
ڼԺ֮⣬źͼලʱ֪ѾˡֻҪලϣ飬ɽţôɽűȻԽŵһζ
ʱʥ侳ϱڣôŵĸ֣һͻһûеڶܡ
ʽԪһҲûнŷϡ


225 
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Ԫ뿪ලϵķ䣬Լסĵط
ִ£ҲͰģصԼĵطȥԼӦøɵ顣
һжôƽһ鶼ûз
ȻǳžʱһźۣĿˣӺڰ֮УƵƮԺɽžסСԺ֮ڡ
ڴ֮УСһ䣺ţķɭϣҵ״ʦڣʲô飬ʲô󷨶ס
ಣ
һĻߣָϣֱӷȥߣһȦ漴λˣԺ棬ߵҲӳ˳ûκε谭鷳
ƺƵƯܿǰţ˿ǿӣɱôɽȻᱩŭʱ򣬽ļƻͿԴˡ
λˣĴ棬һι״Ĺչżһȣһصķȡ
֮ϣһͼģһ̣֮ϣӿһɣԪ
ɲ֮£һϢӺȵ淢
һ̣ڵСݣǸ󷨣ӡţĵı򿪡漴ˣΧһصķһ壬󣬽ڵСݡ
֨֨ŬȻҹˣ
ţΪ侳ӡһˣôɽŵˣȻ񡣵ʱϷʩСƣýǱߣֵ⣬ʱ֮䣬һȻһɲСķ籩
Сӣ֮󣬻ǧǧ㣬Ҳֵˡ
Ȼںˣ׼ĶֵʱһֱĿͻȻ۾ɨһۣǣһ
ŶСһ㻹𣿾Ȼô죬ͷǱ
һ¶棬ˣҵǰ˵˰죬޷ôҾ޴ˡЦһӴվͬʱһֽ̽ǹ֮Уź߹ȥһԣȻˣôĴɱᣬȻḶˮ
Ȼأ
ȻΪҵľѣҪȥˡɫûһ˿һı仯ƺվǰˣѾһˡ
ܿ
Ϊпʱ
ĻӦһ䣬һ壬ٵʧٴγֵʱѾ˺˵ߣħˣӦڰŬӦõ˷ˣѵΪû˿Ʒ𣿡
Ҫǽսһ׷Χ֮ڵľ룬ʦãһħŵĩգΪħŵĵӣǿһ׷Χ֮ڣʧȥٷ֮ʮսӶս֮Уʦץסɱ

һǹɨӹȥΪԽԷһ͸
ĳ룬ĺˣ˿ûлҡƺ֪ôһģеķȣסĽսһ
ôڽսʱ򣬽һʦĹ
ȻղŵĹûʩչʮɵĹһ侳֮µˣ޷ס֮£Ҳ޷ȫˡ
ǽʧˣһΪǺǿԪˣȻԼĹһʲô£
СӣҲòϣĸ֪ǿķӦҲܳɫϧһ飬ǾңҲֻһͨħŵӡһһħﵽ侳侳۷壬ֻţ̤侳ħˡ
ҵǰһСС侳ΪСʦ޷ʲôˡ
ûʲôʽôҾͿˡ
ʵô˵ȷʵһ˼
ΪղŵĽӴѾ֪վǰСӣԲǱô򵥡ԼվȫΪ»Իʤ
Ժˣ֣Ϊ֪Լõķ󣬼ֵʱ޵ģԼһӣôԼܻļʣҲͻһݡ
ɲΪϣ侳Ϊϼ
Ȼ˼ϵʱĹҲϵϣһһơ⵹ǿǶԷûӦĹ
壡
һʮΣڶԷķ֮УѰһͻƿڡĹ۲죬ħŵӣҪʱôȻҪʩչħԪҪлħ״̬ҪֿĹôлʦԪ


226 ˣ2
Ե֮
ת˹ȥʱˣһֲ
Ϊʱںħ֮󣬲ľʱҲǴ
˵һǹ̹ȥʱ
ԷȻûа취ߵֵǸˣĵزȻҲǷˡ
ԵһǹʱһҲתһִʹһħ
ǵ͹˱̽ǹ
ΪѱУһ
˭ϣ˭ܵˣ
ҵĺ˵Ϊֻ侳ԶԶûдﵽ侳߲ʥ侳ԼȾ޷ֵһǹ
ˣ
һǹ
˵ǰһ˶˿ڡ
ѪҺ˳ź˵ؿڣʳ
Ǳ̽ǹһ˺ϵͳ˵ˣȻܡ
۾Ҳܶ
˸һԼǰ˿ڣһѪҺ촽֮ϣϸƷһ¡
ҵѪҺ𣬺㡭
ѪҺֻһ˿áȻңô븶ѪĴۡ
ŭˣΪһκɵ顣
ε񣬸ոʩչӲӡ
ѪڰħҵѪҵ꣬ҵ񣬴͸һռ䣬
ź˵ĵ͵֮֮䷢ر仯
ʦԪ˲ħԪԪˡһħŵӵ֣ͿԳ׵ʩչ
Ϊʦôͻ뱻֮С
һĻı仯ȷʵ΢е㾪ȡ˵ʱ˿̬ûκα仯
Ȼ֪ħŵĹʲôĵط
֪κսʤΪôֻҪʤʲô鶼ԸɣֻҪʤͿԸɡ
Ժˣ޵ʽĹģʽû⡣
ʱವһһߡ
ħŵĵӣʹǺܴ󣬵ǹٶȷǳ֮죬ӦӲϾ
ʱĻ򣬽ΧС
һ̣оԼߣȵĻ֮Ҷһͻᱻˣ
Ȼ⻹û꣬˼ţƽԷΧʱһεìĴš
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ȻԼţ˺⣬ҲҪһ
ɱݵħ֮ì˻Ȼ
ȻʱΧȻ֮Ҳ֮Ԫһ֣ôȻҲա
ͨЩ֮ͿʼʼΧĻ
ȻЧΧĻ
̼䣬ǧٿŻ򣬾ͱȫɵһɶ
ʱ򣬶ԷħìҲߡڵĻ򣬺ڰΧԽӲ¡
ʱϣһЩ̶ȵ˺ôĻᱻУӶɥ
Ȼ˿оһһšڵħϣ޷κá
رո˻Ϊͨһ˼·ȥֻ޵ԪֻߣնԷʩչУӶԪ
ǲһյĶޱѡΪԷ겻࣬ôͲݵԪ
Ȼղžһʱ䣬ħŵĵӶԿͻȻ֣ЩħŵĵӣȻҲעԼ
ǱϾħţǸóħԵСħʲôħһֻ֣ħԪɵĹҲ˵ЩôĻԵУա
ôһôǰˣǵ
ԲǣǣһԼṩԪĴ䡣
뵽˿ûкˣҲûзֻһʩչħһƣȻɡ
Ȼ뷨ǳĳɹĲƣǸħì˲䷢˱仯ʼı䵭ճΪԪ档
ۣ
һߵĺˣۿԼʩչħҪǰˣ׵ĻˡȻʱԼ񣬲ٿصħìȻڰ·ʱ򣬳ױԷݻˣΪǸħìһ꣬ҲܵصĴˡ
ôܣôܻٵʩչħì㵽ʲôˣ


227 ǰƣ1
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仰ڣǰλ˵дʡ
Ļһ£ǰλصĺˣѾҡҲû뵽Լһִ񣬾䵽³ԴӦҷԼʺħŹ͸ħŵĻʱףħŵҵһɹôֻ·һ
Ҫãʱ׼뷨
ħŵӣʵǹȥǣڰУרŵĵʦ˵ħٲսսҲԽǺ٣˵ʱȻͷ
أ
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ǰһεľ飬һȻᣬһ·һΣһֻأκһˣûа취Լͱӡ
ԣ
һƣԼǰߵĺˣųôΧħԪȫգԼ档
ͬʱЩħԪԼԪֵںһ֮󣬲һµԪ
ͬʱ֣ԼĺڶҲʱ򣬲˷츲صı仯ȥֻպԪһԽ֮䣬еԪһ͵Ԫ
һ³ֵԪͿԴԴϵĳľ֮С͵Ԫȷǳ֮ߡ
ں£ٿ͵ԪԶݺݵĻӳһȭ

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²Ԫ˵ǿȷʵһĺڶֽԼԪ䷽⡣
һҲͲõģԼ޷õԪΪϵͣ͡κһ飬ûʮȫʮġ
˾ĵʱͻȻһ⡣Ǿģʽдϵ죬ԪԴԴϵ档ô侳ΪֻҪʮ죬Ϳͻƣ侳졣ǸղּһԼľ磬ԪٶһأҪͻ侳죬죬ôҪµʱ䣬㷭
ͣͲǰ仯ġ
Ҳ˵δ֮УÿһͻƣôѣһλҪ¡죬ȥ죬ԭ֮Ҫһ꣬ôԪ֮ôͻҪ꣬á
죬ҲҪˡ
֪ȥҪʥ侳ʮʱ㹻ˡڻԪе㻳ɣԼǷڰ֮ڣ̤ʥ侳
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Ϊ֤ݣԼʹƣÿһ˵ƣиԵֺʹţˣʹƣôȫ޷ɹ
ƣҲ˵ʧȥƵĻôͻΪһˡκһˣԼƣʮҪҲˣպˣʱ򣬾ƣԼһЩ֤
ȻԪϣ֮ɫֳֺǸලϣפؾĵӡ
һҵʧְȻħŵĵӻԺ档
ලĻĬȻĵͷҡҡͷ漴ƺѯḶ́ȻҲûоֱܾӽµһ¡Ҳ΢һЩط
ʩչǸʱʩչһ֣񶾵
һַǳ񶾵һ֣ôȻһȷѪꡣΪԽ壬ޡһսôȻʬ޴棬ʦ磬Ƿǳпġ


228 ǰƣ2
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ɴ˿ɼԺüලϺܲˣܲ⡣
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Ϊ˻Ϊ˿ߵĸԶֻǿſԱסԼͺղţһữصĽɿգôͻʩչħҪҵΪѧữǳֵá
һһٵĶԴԪһԳĬˡΪ֪磬ʵ̫ˡ
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ʵ֮ԣ˵Լʩչ˻ΪȻҪµ
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ʱԺ棬ͻȻǰһսһ侳ľӢӣʩչһ׼ĻȻϣһ侳ĴСȻºǸѾնɱˡ飬Ҳ˳뵽֮ѰȻܿ췢׻̷оȻֱ̥ڴֻ죬ֻһĶͲһεġţԺԼʩչӲ˵ǻôҲšϰһͨʵѧϰѣ˺ܿѧᣬҴﵽڻͨĵز
һڿԷʩչڹȥһʱ棬ʩչϾǰһʱ䣬Լڵȣɭ֣ҶԼһжˣע⵽Լ
ǸղŲУղŵս֪ලϺԪϻһ취ΪԼѡ
ȻĻش𣬼ලȻܲ⣬ҲԽܣ΢΢˵Ȼǿ󣬶ұȽءϾΥͣ㻹ӦþʩչһҲпֻ֮֮ЧǧҪΪһ׶񶾵Щ󣬶ɱ֮𣿡
ף
֪ලϣڹԼ̻Ӧһ¡
һҲͿԴӦˡලϺ˵֮󣬾ͶԪϵȻһôеڶΪ˰ȫפؾĵӣȫҪһΣģĲԣ׼һ£Ƿħŵĵӻ룬ôɱ⡣ûУôһҪ죬ķ粨
̣ɽŷȥһϢ׼óŵλʦֵܣжɽţһѲ飬׽ħŵǻ
ලϣǲеСˣ
ᣬħŵ˼ȻǱھôҲǱɽšҪ֪ȥյӣԶԷв飬ҲûעعԷ棬ǷħԪԺױħŵĵӻУôȻٵĲ㡣Ա뾡жŶԷɽ棬ûвı仯ͷȻĹһֻɽţܱһ顣
ȻලͦãȻȥûĽȥǱ˸ӿֲһɽŴ󶯵һεĴ󶯵֮Уһ׷˽һٴݻ
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Ҫ֮£ԪҲûжֱȥפؾʩչһﴫ飬ݻɽڵءַҪʲôŸ봫ݵķϼٱǧ
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ҲҪʲôȥˡ
⾭ҺԪϵķһεĶ֣ʮˣעصġЩ˵ΪһҪСӦŶԡ
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ʱĻԼǵ֮һһϸļԺ棬ԼǶսʱ򣬿֪ԼӦȥⱻǵɱУŪôֲ
ף
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ܿһݣҲԸԼģԼٽţҲһ¡ǼලϺԪ뿪֮ԼĴϣеۿ
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һεսôδսЩˣҲİաս棬սʮ棬һһʽÿһεĹÿһεķأԼж֮󣬲ʩչġ


229 ǰƣ3
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һε飬ڻ㱨ʱ򣬲ûΪ̫أԴıȽϼ򵥡ɣΪ˶ƣ˵ͬ飬һηҲĵĽУдһЩжħ
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230 ǰƣ4
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231 ǰƣ5
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232 ǰƣ6
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233 ǰƣ7
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234 ǰƣ8
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235 ǰƣ9
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Լ֮󣬿ӵһңһӣһƬأһéݡûˣֲˣʲôġ
ţдܴ𣿡
뵽еƣΪ۵˵ͻơòɣĸڰУһõʲôļֵһǳӴ󣬷ʮ꣬ſлͻ侳Ȼͻˣ飬Ҳ÷뷨򷢵ȻšϾˣʵ̫̫٣ǵʺΪԶԶûдﵽˮ׼ǵͻƣȻʲôؼ飬ǵΪ
Լ֮и֮־ϣΪԼдԪҲϵ侭ظ۷ΪϾԴ˵ǧ֮һȻСӡǧ½ܷһͲˡԲţۼˣҲԵõǧ֮һүԼţԴ͸һǧɱԼүôġҪɱԼôֱӸԼһµ׵磬ֱңӵķ㡣
Ȼô۵ͻƣͱȻʲôģǱƶһеˣֶȻţԼָΪôȻҪƷ۵˵ĵλȻڽɱʱǵĺ̨һվܼԦסʥ侳ȻҲߣǸˣӦʥ侳ˣŪûӦñȱˣҪǿ
ʵһ΢һЩôͿܣԼ˷ɣӶԵͷӣʣ¡۵ˣȻΪ棬ԼôҲΪ棬ǡ
ʵҲ²ƿһеˣȻҲԼĵǣԼ뷨֮ԣһһʵֻûб˰ˡһǸˣ޷ˣ㹻棬ôǱѺ۵ʱ
̫ѨüģһԼҵˣЩͬŵӣѾԼ˼ʱ򣬷׷׽Ļ֮Уҿǵı飬ƺ˷ܵӡһĻǱϾǵһβμӣνĴ½˵ǱԼҪ˷ܵĶ࣬ǿ޷Լһֱߣȥ
ʱĻΧڵȴˣѾǺܶ࣬Ļƽ̨ҲѾռˡڹĻ棬кܶ˿Щֿ̨ԼɵĳϣƺѯʣԼӦҲһЩˣԹΪʲôܵ۹׼һЩ̨ǿԵȥ
Ȼȴ֪ĳأһôһ㣬ÿ˶һ̨ôҪĸ̨̫ˣ̫ˣһ¶ᱻ̨֣޷ĽбԸ̨һ޶һҪڹĻ棬ֻԹƽľ
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236 ǰƣ10
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Ŀ⣬ලȻ֪Ҫʲô
ԼලϣԼĸ̨֮ϣ΢΢ʾһ£ͱԼ˫Ŀٹۿ档
Ϊ֪ˣĻ֮󣬾ɱ¾Ŀʼʱ򣬻кܶӣɱһĻȻѪܣϣԼɵĵӣ̫࣬޷ȣΪһĻ򿪣ôЩϼһ޷еģǧ侳ĳϼ֣һʩչ俪ǸĻһĻͳױˡЩɵĳϣҲԼһðǸܳ
һһ棬ôЩŵǣֻܲϵɱ¾ϵʤʧܡʤ֮ϣϲãʧ֮˥䡣һôǵѡΪ·ͱҪЩ
ѡ֣Ҳͼʮ֮һҶ֪ǰʱˣȻҲעҲǰǲϣȣұʱ䣬Ҳֻʣ²ʮˣҲжˡΪЩɵĵӣҲʱһһĳĻ
ǵĶ˿⣬һҲûмƽϡ
߼ĻԱߡΪСû̾ͳȥϾǷϻͯˣ˼ʮľϰСĽ
˫ֲȥϸһ¹ĻûκεĲʣоͺˮһϲֱӿ첽˽ȥһȥͳױĻ档
ʱȫÿһëףѪҺϸ򣬶ڸŹĻ֡
ϣǸˣ쿪Լ˫֣۾ӵƣ㿴ǲɵӣ
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ΪʲôԴǻ֮󣬾͸ı˴½ģʽֻ֮ԪԪ
Ȼ۾һ뵽ĳֿܡ
Ĵİմĸ֮ϣǸ֮½ôԼҵĸȻһԼ뷨漰մ˵Ǹ֮½ϵĴΪ̫ʢѹƲסձһƷˡ
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ջԼĿ⣬һ۸̨ķ
ʱЩĻˣȴţƺȻûҵİ취ǵı֣ɵΡ
Ļ䣬Ѿϰʲô飬֮еĳϣִȥǸ˼Լȥ취Ҳᣬվô죬ϸ̨ˡ
Ȼˣ̽ЩСӦôɣ
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עԼʱͷԼһ־ѹԼǰˣȫѹˡһǰȻһׯ
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ڴҺĶΪʲôʱͻȻǣаЦЦȻһȽϿĸ̨
ƵǸ̨֮ϣվŵ꣬Ȼǽŵһŵӣһѡ֮һ
ͬʱǸҲڿ˫̾ɢһĦĻ𻨡
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237 ҵı
ǣ΢΢𣬾ͺһСħһ
ŵǸŵӣʱɫҲе㾪֡Ϊע£Լ壬Ȼеĸо
ָоֻڣԼɵĴʦйӦǸʦΪѾﵽ侳죬ԶԶԼԿˡ
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ŵĵӣͻȻõˡ
ı鵭Ҳֻһ˲顣Ϊ͵һʱѾƮȻ
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ڵڶˣҲͷһ̨ս֮Уʹʲô취ֻҪܵǫ̃ôԻòĻᡣ
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ĻҵĶ䣬ʱֱ죬ԭ½Ҫ̨ϾôԼͱ룬Ҫռһֻ̨ſԼμӱֲãղԼôôٻɵĳϣ棬Լǰأԭôһ£ԼҲҪѡһʺϵĸ̨ǿС
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ȻĻȻԼȥ뷨ǶôĻôİ׳ա֪ԼҪôҪʱ򣬼ס̨һжǸơ
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뵽ǸŵĵӣԼԪҪ䣬Ͷֱģʽ£ϸ˵һֱʵ
Ϊܱ֤һЩˣԲμӣԴͶġ
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238 ҵı2
ŵĵˣ
ĲӱһצֱӸץˡ
Ҳ׵ĸˣ̨
Ǳ̨棬ЩŵĳϺִǣȴûưոݡ
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ֵĺ壬иղŵľţǸӷֲãǾı֡
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ڱ֮ǰͶԱԼĵǣҪսܻǺ顣
ӣںʱ򣬾ͱԷŤ˲ӣ飬ǲܡ
һŵĳϣһƽԼƨµĵķ飬ȻֱලεߣȵලϣǽŵĵӣѾˣɽŵĵӣɱΥ˴ȵĹ涨
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ȻˣôҾҪ˵һ˵Ⱥˡ
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˫֮һɲݡ
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ֻЩϢȽ΢ԴҶû̫⡣Ͼÿ춼ˣĳһ죬ôˣʵҲûʲô˵ġ
ܺãɽŹȻȻ뺷
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ලϿɲǿһǷǳʵϼලϵĵλ½ǳߡ
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ʵϺܶɵĳϣ궼Թලϵ˵ĿԴҶڼලϵΪ£֪һöԸˡ


239 ҵı3
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Ҳʮϡ٣ϾһЩˣǲаΪһ͸ɵǸŵѡֻ֣һ͵ϮϾûгֵʱ򣬴Ҷ֪ϸ̨Ǹŵѡ֣Ҳûϵһ㣬ԲŻᱻһоˡ
׼ʱ䣬Խĵݺ֣ȻᱻɽųһлܡǴĿ⣬Ҳòô֣еȣΪǶɵǲϣкڣƻһδǰԱȡ
ڿǣԸôȻҲˣѧģİ취ϸ̨һʱ֮䣬ܶ˶ţԼߵĸ̨̨֮ϵˣȻҲ˹֪һεȣ̫ˣôȻҪϵ̭̭̭ǾЩѡ֣ſԾˡȻˣô磬ḡ̨ʱ򣬽һɨ̨ǳΪһѻ뷨Ȼ˰вɱ֣һϸ̨ˣɨȥ
һʱ䣬̨ܣʬҰʬЩʬе㲻ˣΪЩʬԪôʬǸȥʱ򣬾յԪôԼٿͻС磬ʱ֮ϣ˭ҵĶ֣
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ѹѣ⡣ϾΪȣսʶоҲȡ
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Ҳһʮֻܵˣսʱ򣬲ϲԴС⽫ԼΪѹƵ侳졣һϢΪͺͶԷһȺ֮ϡ
ȪźɽŶˡ
ѽģɣôôͶˡ
㶯ʲôɽһεĵӣֻʮֳɫȪŵǸӣȻҲѡ֣ʵϾ۷壬޷õǰʮȻˣôȻͱһӣһר̽˵ӡҿԶ϶Ȼ̽Ϊˡ
ô˵ôͲˣ
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侳˰Ϊôǿһ侳ĸ֣ôҲһİɣ
Ҳһھʵǰ飬ֵһᡣ
ΪʲôǶɽţѵɽţôС
㶯ʲôɽžԲСֻһĵӣһЩ⣬ľӢһǺӵˣˣЩˣμһεŴȡ
ԭܰ
࿴ǸǺߵˣֵĻôĿˡ
ˣ֮󣬻һϾӢӵıƴƴĹ֮УǷֱǺӵ
Ҳţһֵġ
Ҳ˵׼
ǸǺӣ𣿡
ϻǺӿɽţһڵĵ棬һˡ˵ϵתרɽΣ֮еġ
ˣڲ˵Ǹʱ򣬻ǸϽۿɣ
Ȼʱ򣬴ҵĻˣΪǶ֪ǰһʮֵĹؼԴҶȫעҪΪ״ﵽʲôزǷһƥɭ֮ɱ
ʱǸȪŵĵӣ̲ס޷侲Ϊ۲˰죬ûдϣҵκεȱ㣬ûȱ㣬ôΪԲĶ֣ôʮ鷳ˣ
ΪӣȻӵľϿҲҪ̽ǳ


240 ҵı4
ӣҪʱţҪʱ
ĻȪλѡ־һҪߵӣÿһÿһ飬ߵĺܼᶨܱ뺷
ڱ˵һһĺú
ȻĹķľһųһһõĴ
һ֮󣬿ŶԷĹһǰƴ񡣽÷УʽҲԽԽ졣
찡ǿĸȪŵĵӣʩչһֵơ
ףƣƺʲôطֻǾʲôƣʲô壬ˡ

ףˣǸƣƺǻȪţ˵еıڤָһһеϣô˵Ԫ񣬾ͻܵصĴˣһغ
ţǱڤָôһУʮǿˡ
ĸɽŵηأסôȻ両̨
ȻڴҵĹע֮УĿ㣬ԶԷʩչıڤָ͵̾ϢһǻȪŵľӢӣʩչôһᵣģẦ¡һ侳ˣʩչıڤָҵֻһĻɫ
Դ󡭡
ˣ̫ˣһᱻȪŵǸѡֽѵһٵġ
ߣʵôǿҲӦ˵ӣȪŵıڤֱָ
ЦҵҪôһġ
Ȼ˵ʱ˶ӭϣֱԼ˫ָƽӭˣǸȪŵĵӣʩչıڤָ
ЦĹͷģʽֱԼЦһʱ䣬֧ˣ׷׷ڣǲ֧
Ƕ֪һָĺȷʵԷǸʩչڤָˣָѣ׳Ϊһмָ˿ҲûС
һĻе˻ȻˣһĻ׷ʲôΪʲôǸڤָһ˲䣬©Էеˣеָ⵽׷ʲô
̨棬ЩϵĹۿϯ֮ϣһȺǣ£һ𣬷׷ţȻҹעĽ㶼ͬǵһָ˻Ȫŵıڤָ֮󣬴ҶĿ⣬ϡ
ղŵ׷ʲô飬Ϊʲôûע⵽һСɵһֵ˵
ʲôСһʹթˣô˵ķеʩչ˱ڤָĻȪŸͽ
ͷһģǸļһ̫޳ˡ
ԣǶ˵ˡһŵִ£ʱվŸһɫĻȪŵӣȻ󻺻Ŀڵڸղŵһ˲䣬ǸɽŽļһȫĽԪأȫ˫ָ֮СҺͱڤָӲӲʱѾٿŽԪأ͵͵ϮǸȪŵӵָ
Ҳ˵Ǹļһĵ˻ôһĻ׼ûв´ĻղǸСһʩչֶΣƺһؼרž۽ԪصģԪһնָ
ĺܶԣǾǽԪһնָŵĳϺοԼĲ֮Уһ۹еˡ
ֲýţһֱִ֣֮ºͳϣһﶼҵõİ취ĵӡ
˽λϵĻҶͣΪûа취񶨶Էͽۡ
ֻˣҷ
ʵǸ֪ǸϺִķˣʲôԪһնָղ֮ԣǸزȫԼ̶ָ̳ȣԶԶĳԷԼԪ³ԪҽкڣκһԪγɵĻһЩңֻҪԸ⣬ôʱնɱƻͺղúһӾͿĵ˶Էָ
еָ֪֮Էս֮ûͣ½Ų壬ɳŵȥ
·ʱɫ֮к䡣
ߣߣۿžҪԷʱǸ˵ڵϵĻȪŵӣͻȻֱӴӵϱװ
ѾĵˣԷһУһ㣬͸Էóһλ
ȻǸȪŵĵӣѾӵʱͻȻ֣Ŀó
飬֪Ҫ¡
ȻǸϵϢƺøӹŹֺͿ¡ȻΪڹȥļʮ棬ˣܶܶࡣ
Σʱ̣Աÿһˣѡ·ߡһΣգôҲѡԱġ
Էֻʧȥ˼ָͷ˵ƴѡԱķʽҪԼͬھֱһɵӡȻᣬסӣʱֱӳǰһˡ
ȻʩչǸȪŵĵӰΧʱǸȪŵĵӣױըˡ
һ˲䣬Χ̨ˡ
һߣЩȪŵĵӣһı飬ȻȪŵĵӣ֮ĹϵһȪŵĵӣʱѡԱôȻҪ˱ˣǺԼ޲ɱԼҲпԭġ
ڶԷԱʱΪͻȻĳ֣סǸȪŵĵӣ˴Ԫʧǿ֧ס
찡ڤָʧˣԱҲʧˣǸʲôˣȻ˵ǿ󣬹ֲǺ棬ɫһˡ
ǰҺܺ棬Ǹļһ죬ʲô漣֪սЩ侳ص죬ǷҲôݡ
أ
ǣֻҪܸǣ棬ôϣѹһǮƣʱҵȣҲԶ׬һ㡣
⣬ȥѺעȥ
ţҲҪȥҿɽŵĵӣٿԽǰʮ
ҶɽŵĵӣЩִºˣһţǸڼԺ棬㲻ŵӡ
һ֮кĽе㼵ʣֻ֪һЩ̭ˣǵΪˣѾעˣ޷ġǸǾη־ηȴΪǣ˷ʡ
һУָɵһѡ֡
ͻȻ֣սƺĵӣ绻һսķʽء֣Ÿ̨Щˣ˵ôиǻᣬڸ̨ǱȽϴҿԸһᣬǿʮ˲ţһϸ̨ս
ʤôҲʲôֻҪһǮƾͿˣ֮ʧˣôԲǵĲռңͷҲǸȡġ


241 ҵı5
ǳơ
ѾˣμӴһΪ⣬һΪ˵õЩĽ
ǰ飬յģҪǣЩսҴս֮УԼԼĵ
Դӷϻ֮ͯΪȻվҲ޷Լһ֮С
棬ܿ¡
Ϊָˣû߳ȥôĳɾͣд븨Ҳûа취ߵ̫Զ
ҪսҪϵսԼĵӶһԼ֮á
ս룬ҪսЩԼˡ
ÿˣҪһսʮ
ʮˣһˣһͿĨӣҲ
Ƿˣѵ֪κͿɱκһѡ𣿡
ȥԿġ
ЩǻϵҪҲҪ֪ΪֻҪսһҵսֻſһǰĳȥԼĴ
ѵǶһȺС˿ս𣿡
ֻһȺôͲҪμӣһεֱǸɶ
ûмǴӦǽŵģǻȪŵģǹ̵ģʹŵģǽŵģǡǡ
˵ʮǣʮ֡
ʽսʮʮеϵģôһɣ
Ǿûлˣʽٿ߷ӣ߷Ӿ㹻һ˺ɨʮˡ
սʤǣҾͿ׼μʽƴսˡ
̼ⷬЩˣһĿ¡
ܿЩˣһϳˣʱҲﻢˣΪ濴ǣЩͬǣҲ濴ǣԼٲϣ޷ôԼеλο죿
뷨һһʮˣȫ˸̨
Ǹ̨ǱȽϿģʵһ̨ˣҲˡ
̨֮ϣվʮˣһռˣôȻҲǵĹʽлķΧŽʮˣ̵ʮˡʮˣѾǸ̨ԳܵļˣڶһνǸ̨Ͳˡ
ϣԽȥˣҪһϿһҾʹ̨֮ϣȥ
ţҲǣô꣬ǵһΣ˵ĳЦ˵̭Ҿһս
ƴˣ˴ͷһΣʮһú
ãȻˣôҲһ
Ҳϣ
Ҳ
Щˣһⶼ˸̨ڸ̨֮ϣһͷԼǿϢϣ˵ϢԸһѹⲻ֪˿η
෴ǵϢ£оԼͷʮֵѣͺʲô鵤ҩһ
ѹŻжɣ
ţϸơ
ٵţ
ţߡ

ʮˣԼ֮󣬲ͣһȡ
Ҳһ⣬Ǹ˴ŽŵķΣҲˡ˸̨֮󣬲ûѡ̽һѽһˣվһ߽ǣĿƺڸڵһ
֪İмЩˣһΧһʤˣҲῪġ
֪ڵΪôĿ£ϣսĻȵʱˣȫˣôڶԸֱ͸һֻϣûʲôࡣ
ʵڵΪȫԲμǸӢӣŶԲμӵľƴˡ
߷ƵģһѹҲûеĶӡ
һߵɽЩϺִ£һı飬ڿЩڵĵˣǵı飬Ҳʮѿ
һϣʵ̲סˣǵලϣǸϾɽһεĶѡ֣ʲôˣɽŵһʧҽ飬̺ͼලˣ̸Уֹһεһʮ˵ĲΪ
ǰලɽŵĳϣʱ򣬱ҪվǸĺֹҸδӦߣ˵ĺΪҪȻһ˱ƴôɽű˵ǰʮǰʮ˽ȥˡ


242 ҵı6
ǶΪ
ලԼȺ£֮кƽѯš
Ҷ˽ලϵƢƽʱλϣԲᷢŭģһЩ飬ԼְŪӣûŪãŻŭ
Լලϵı飬ûбĲÿǵ΢΢һȻලѯˣôȻҪشġ
ǸϾոûжáΪܸߣƶϣȥһʱ棬һȫĶ;鷽һʮˣһѡ񡣡
ǣıһϵɽıô˵ĶϷϧǰ棬ĳɹأӣһռ˸̨֮󣬶Сĵڷţ˿иΨǸʵ̫ˣȻҪһʮֱһӡ
Ϊǿ֮еĵһˣô뽫ץȻúöһ£֪һЩʱһЩʱڣԴġ
ԣӦúúýѵһ٣֪ʲôߵغ񡣡

˵ˣǲŷּලϵı飬ǵӣƺǿһı顣ڳ֮УΨһ򶨣ûк˵ԪһĻ֮ĬĬ̾Ϣһǻ޴֪ලϵƢʵղѾŭˣֻһֱذˡ
ලһôȻ羪һ޷̴ӡȻʱ򣬼ලźѵϣոȥʱ䣬Щ˾ˣɽݺõĹˣɽŵĵӣԲҲҪǰĵ·֮ϵĵ𣿡
УκʱҶλסǶɽŵĵӣɵĵӡ
Ϊִ£ϣЩܣļһʱݳѾģһԳʺˡ
ڰڲ̬Լ뷨»ָյɫʺģҪ˶ãǵΪͻͣͲǰ˥ˣճΪһˣʱЩ߸ϵĳϺִ£»ᱻЩСһľӢӣɹϲһȫг
ĹۣϸһеһȺ侳ˣ侳Ķ֡
ҸǣһվھĽɽŵģκһ˶ǵߡ
ǣ
ලôһѵ⣬ǵɫȻȽϺڳҲףල϶ǣǱȽϲģˣƤˡ
ȻලϣǸļһ˵ģôԼˣֻǾСѣʲôʵȨЩŸ֣оӢָֻţ
̨֮ϣ֪ɽŸԼղŵΪѾһҵҾ֪ԸҲ⡣ϾЩ飬ûκʵʵ壬⣬ôֻںʤֻںսʱǷܸԼĵ
ɣҿǵˮ׼
վ侳Ϊֱɱս֮Уʮ֣һٿը
˵ʱģʽ֮УЩˣŵһʶΪȻ֮ǿ
չʾʵҲֻ侳죬ղ侳ΪĵȷȷɱһȪŵĵӡ
ݣʵʵ̫ˡ
飡
һٶײһδսĽӴдݳȥǾҵײЩ˵Ķ棬ʱһۿˣԼĺëˣΪǸо˿־Σյʶ
ǿһ˶սʮţΪŵǸӣûвμӣȻҲɢǿϢ
ڣǶʮŸ˵ˡ
ȻǿҲ޷̫ʱ䣬ϾҲֻ侳ˣΪϾ޵ġ
Ȼʱ壬ٵͻֱӽߵһɨɣǸŵĵߡ
Ҳɷ˵ȥһ͹Һʹ죬ʹ죬սս
ŵĵӣȻ
Ȼ㲻ϲսôֻұƱˡ
һ̣һǿֲĹһֲĹκһϣص˺ۡ
ԲǽŵŵӣǾӢӣĹģʽ£ڼˣڼȥôȻɥ
ǸŵĵӣֱһСֱӴһɻԲ


243 ҵı7
ĹھţҲڡ
Ĺھѡ֣ӵдľӢӣÿһվܺ绽꣬Ǵ½֮ϣһɡ
ȻɣԴǰһλʥ侳ǿ߹֮ųֵڶ侳ǿߣҲǽŵųر䣬ķХ
ʱ½֮Ϲϵĵһ֣
ǵڶѳλõˣһֱǷХڵᡣ֮󣬸޷ȷ
Хʮ꣬һʱʮķХҪ֮Уһε֮УսʤԼĵˣĵˣҲ̫ǿˣֱˡ
ȻԴһ֮󣬽ӮĹھΪŵ̳ˣĽôȻģԼͷ֮ϣһ۵㣬ϣ֮꣬ĵӿƵģӮѹĵӡ
ǰȻϿǽʤʵȻΪǸʱɽţڰٷϴˣһж׼֮УɵĵӣȲǺܴġ
Դƿŵķ֮ͱøΪһ֮Уɽŵõһˣֻǰһ١ǵڶ棬ɽŵĵӣȻ˴ǰһ٣˴ǰʮһˣǰʮȻֻǵʮǸɼҲǳɫˡ
ǵ죬ɽŵȻˣǼһλʥ侳ĸ֣бȻбŵźͱۣһħıô֮Ȼϵ
ϵ֮УǿԷĲãԽŵĲ֮УȻҲһЩصֶΡ
ЩֶΣһʹõġֻЩΪȷǰʮ͵һˣӵнţ͸ʹõĳǿֶΡֻҪǸֶΣôǾͿȷԼµһ
ȻμһɣһЩֶأ
ʵɽҲУֻûеʱʩչˡֶܵΣʵǱǰһ죬ලϲ͸Լġ
Ҳû⣬ûó
Ͼģһε֮ϣݵʤ˵һ赲ԼĽŲԣҲԡ
ŵĵӣʩչУʵǽŵһžѧžѧҪ£ǲѧģϾŵӡǽΪӮʤЩɾؼҽţһӱʱĶռ䣬רϤϵŹ
ڶʮ˵ߣҲϵĻԼĵˡһĻǸŵĵӣ֪ԼдˣȻˣһ֣ԼΪܸˣ鷳ĴУΪԼʤ׼
ȻĴУʲôµʽ
ɻԲʵֻһԪɸվһͱøԣսʱҲ
һԵӣͺ񹭼һȻͷųȥôȻǿĶ㹻ôԽǸңһ㣬һԲ£ôѵķ䷶Χ֮ڣһȥô÷Ʊ仯
ˣĹôȻΣ֪ӦӦԡ
ˡ
мʮľ飬жڽɻԲ˽⣬Ȼ֪ʲôôʲô㣬ֻǵȻһЦ
ŶԷĹƮȻȥ
ڴͬʱԷһߣһ׼͵Ϯˡ͵ϮǺͿɳܵģˣһ֣һнһΣҲ⣬ر۵˵ı֮ͱøЩ͵Ϯ֮ˣһ֣ǾС
צ
ҲһĹԪָ֮УݺݵץȥͿԸˣޱߵ鷳
ԸһˣʩչһУѵһС
Ȼˣһצӣץȥʱƿ˶Էһзֱһצӽ֮ϣѪ
Ѫ棬һɫҺ壬ڻ
һ
ƺڸˣɱĵһôҲԻеڶĸʮ
Ȼ̤׷͸̨ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪Լܻһ죬ǽǱĵһ죬ʽ䣬ûпʼѾʼˣˣôࡣЩˣԼûйϵҲ⣬ǵЩˣԼǰԼҲͬĶ֣ԼΪǸȥˣôͱù
ǧţԤһٶʮ
ԶһĽ棬ŵĵڼԼıʣղű֮Уֵһһ¼ӣε飬ڴ׬һʡ
дʱѾɱǸˣƮȻʮ
Сʵôǿʵ̫ѶԸˡ
Ҫ£ǻжʮˣһϾԶԸɵ
϶Ը䵥ˣôολǣڵսʼգҶûϵ˼
ȥҪ군
ôˣֻҪЭһͳɡһŵĵӣĶĵλֻҪ̳Ϲһ·ܳתߣԲ̨
Ҳǣ
ҲҪˣҾͿĸļһﲻˬֻҪܸɵͳɡ
һҪǸɲǵӶѼˣλ˵ʲôҲҪɵ
ŵĵӣ֮ļЩӣӭ
ʵ˸֪ŵĲѡ֣ѾĽ£ȫˡˣʵǽŵĵӡ
ֻǶǽŵĵڶӣŵ꣬ʶŵĵȫ֮󣬾˸ϢڶԵĵӣĳŵĵӣŵ֮£̨
һžӣƶʮ˲սɴ˿ɼһΣڹھǰʮô棬ôҪõ֡
һ̬ټһЩС޵ϡ
ôҵǣȻᱻԻסǶʱмˣͬ˼λŵʱԱĲٿ¡
˼ûвμ֮⣬Ķʮ˺վһγһӴȦͬʱǣһ
ǵı£΢΢һЦ˿ûƶЦһǿһǵ
ȻѾ֮ͬϣӭƴϣǰ
ۿҪǹ˵ʱ羪һһҹ


244 ҵı8
ڹֳڵͬʱ
ű̽ǹֱӾһɨ
һǺɨȻҪɨڶԷʮʩչĻ֮ϡ˵ǶʮһˣͷųĻȻ
侳ˣҪһ֮ôҲǽ죬ҪһΣ֪Լôǿ
ҪʱȻͣȻˣôѸͣһɨȥ
ĽŲԶֹͣ
һɨеı̽ǹȻڶԷĻ֮ϣλãеڲͬǹЩ΢֮еǹ⣬ĵסԷģһ̵ĵط
һǹ
ԥĴ̳ȥȻջ
һ̣Ķʮһˣ˵ɫɫΪָվĻȻƵˣ̵һ㡣
ͷųĹһëûнӴһʲô飿
ⲻܣ
·һŵӣôܱܹô˵ֹ
һ⣬һǸˣһǾӢӣǴ˵еʥͽ
ʥͽ֣˵ĵ׶һ
νʥͽʵʥ˵ĵӡֵӺ˼ߣÿһߣСơ
ʱʥͽˡ
ǾΨһһӣΪĵӣꡣǰλʱһİŮˣΪǸŮˣһС
˵Ľϣȴǵõʱ½֮ϣһȽаɣŵĲΪǸŮˣǰС檡
Եŵˣ֪ǸռԼС檣ʱŭµĸ֣ǧ׷ɱΨһͽں
ھɽŲԶ޹ȣںŮˣһɱһģںԴ
Ҫ֪ʱںһΪѾ侳ˡֻ˶ʮꡣɴ˿ԿĳһΪôĿ£츳ôˡˣҲһɽųɼõһˣǰʮ
˵ָںŬôڸʮʱ䣬δȻҲһʥ侳֮µĵһˣܳΪһµʥ侳֡
ȴΪһŮˣӶʧȥԼһǰ;ڵ֪ȥʱǳıߣڱ֮Уһˣһѽһƣɱ˰ţڣһǧ˰ٶĵӣִ£ϣһһɱĸɸɾҽǵͷڣڵפ֮£Դʾȫ¡
ε飬괫ķзںΪʥͽΪѾġ
Դҿղűֵʱ뵽ںϡ
ѵһʥͽ
ֻһӣ֮꣬һֱģŬ̸ߵľ磬ûʱ䣬̵Ӱ
ʱ䣬ô֮ڣҲһɫĵӰɣ
Ҹ鱨ʾ֮󣬲żɽŵģʱ䲻꣬ܵõĴУ
ѵ˽ӣ
ԣⶼܣ
ڱۣȫ׳⣬ΪϾոͻƣҪһʥͽôҲҪʮʱ䡣
ȻۣһһĶӣ˿ʥͽ֮¡
ǱǺʵҶᾪˣϾǺӵ¼ÿһ죬ôĶ档
ıǺӣųƾӢĵһˣҲɽż̳ˣѵĺѡ֮һ
ֻҪǺڣôɽűȻǿơ
ˣôһôͱø
ȻɣһɣȻҲԼ뷨
ԾڴҶ˼ʱһɽŹϵĽųϽԣලϵߵ룬ɽţһһεҪɽŵˡ
һ
Ȼ̫ѧĶǲࡣලϺǫ飬ȴ͵֣Ϊͣڵı֡һʶӣʵһʼ뷨ܱסں괴ǰʮ֮һ
ı֣Ѿһô򵥣гףһĻˡҲԻõһһεĴֵ꣬һӣ漣
ලϣԲԵĻεҡҡͷһҺʵˡҲûнƣලϵĻǵǸСһܳɫɽŵĵӣһ룬ʶһ£ԸԸ⣬ҽš
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ʩչôһЩˣҲһѲıУôҲǿ﷭ġ
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245 ҵı9
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֪һ飬ǾǶԷڻʥ侳ˣôӭͷȥĻᡣ
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246 ҵı10
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247 ̨Խս
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һ̨̣ں֮ĵ֮ϣһĤĤһ֣ʹһεıѾ˳ˡ


248 ̨Խս2
壡
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²ɽ֮ϵԴͱɣֵһɶͩţȻɣӵеԴҲ֮Уƽһ
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Ϊ֪ԷĴŵӣŵĵӣ˼Խˡͬģȴͨ
ǰӣģ֣Ǵиղ˵ʱԼԪ
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249 ̨Խս3
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Щ⡣ֻʤ޲һ£Լ棬ȱٵԪȻȴһȶ

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Զ֮ңɽ֮ϣһȺѾڵĴ֮ڡ
ڴ棬ϣϣԼǧϣȫۿűǺӣӲԭݻĶ
ܼ򵥣ֻһͼ
ͼ棬ֻһŰֽֽ֮ʲôûС˶֪ǺӲһϲЦˣôȻôȻеĵ
ǴҾ£һ𣬿ٵķұ
ȻΨʥ侳ǿߵĴϣڿ̱֮Ŀ⣬˳˼֮С
ͱǺ֮Ĺϵʲôܡ
ԴˣΪۣܻ֪һܣԼ۱Ŀ˼Ҳ
ı֣Ϊɽŵ۵ı֣Ȼܲ⡣ΪҶΪģôԼɽĻдڵıҪ
ҲԼʵ΢Ǳ۵Ķ֡
ʵԴħ棬ʧ˴ϵĳ֮ʣµѾˡ
ʣµˣ޷ƺⱱۡɽһֱ˼θıڵľƣƿɽʵʵȨ
ȻҲֻﻰɽǲ˵ġ
ҶڿԼ۵Ŀ⣬ƮɨһȦܿ췢Щ֧ԼЩǷԼġ
ЩԼˣС
ڹ۲֮󣬱۲ŻڵǺ뿪֮ǰҵסһ£ɽδķչ·ߡ
ǵ飬ǾѰңϹʱڣĴӵ֮ǰѰҵһͼֽӶ׫
ңʷӦ֪Ӷ׫Ĵ½һʱʱĲǸʱĴ½Ӵ½Ӷ׫ĸʱǿĵ۹иֵѪһصĻ
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ǸʱӶ׫ѹ½˵ıĴ۳֮ʧȥյĹʣձĴۣĺ󹬣ǿѹߣӶһƷĴ½
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ҪܽԤôɽţȻԴ°ţʧɣȫƴĲʱڳ֣ʱȻԾ¡


250 ̨Խս4
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ڻ֮УһȺ࣬Ҳ޵ĶݺɽŸأɽŵĵӣһɱһɵ
½֮ϣѣ˵£½ˡ
½ⳡ֮ҲһƬˡ
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ܿ쾵棬һˮűǺӵòֳڿǺӵʱ˵һ£Ӷ׫ʾ顣
걱۵ǺӳĬƬ̣ȻЩɽţ½ĶӦһֽڤ޵
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ϣڤôǿôӦǺã
Ҳ֪ĿǰԸڤ޵İ취ֻһЩǿˣڲԪ£ɱǲϵĳɳʮֿǡ汱ǺӵɫҲе㽹ĵӶ׫棬仰ҲδǺйϵҲ̫ġ
һʱ䣬һҪע½ı仯رһЩرʵˡһˣȻһЩصĵطܻܿڤޣйϵ
ҼǰμϾٰԴһʱ䣬޷ϵһЩ飬Ҫǰ˵һ¡ǺӳĬƬ֮󣬵ڰ£ЩˣЩɣѾûʲô⡣Щͷ߲ΪصˣҲڰһһɱڲμԴ֮󣬱̱չأ侳졣˺ܿܳʱ䣬޷ڴ½ϣʱ棬밵аЩڲǰҽٵǸʱ棬ֽһ֮½ĸ֣Ѱ鷳СӦԡʵӦԲˣôڸҷϢҳԸ


251 ̨Խս5
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ԪôĻظͻĴ۵ԪһõƵãͿ˵Ϊϵӡ
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ؼǣҪЩ̨Ҫúܶ֡Щ֣侳ĸ֡һ֮ôҲһʱ䣬Ǹʱ䣬̨ͻʧȥã»عƽ
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Ҫø̨ôֻʱڣſԡҸ̨Ĵ۵ԪôҲҪʱ䡣Դ½ʱԾٰġ
ܣǴҶ֪Ҳûа취á
ʱɫմĹ涨ϵʱЩ̨Ҫ£عأԪԪ̫أӶʲô⡣ϾĴʱڵĶǿƿصģһһС⣬ǶԴ
Ҳ˵һ̨˴⣬ǫ̂ͻ᳹׵ʧȥڳһλĴľţſԴ½á
ĴţܳһѾˡȥȻΪˣϵ£һǿߡļޣҲʥ侳޷ͻʥ侳ߵĲΡҲΪʲôԸðΣգħѰĴ۴еԭ
Ҳϣλǰ˿ԼĵãԼǰ·һյơֻûҵյƣԼǰ·øӸӺΣա
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ҪȻս΢һˣûа취֡
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⼸ˣѾĸˡķֱɽԯսˣֻͶҹˣලˣһͻפأڲˡ
ˣȫڵ֮֡
Ŀǰ֮Уɫɣǽšʱŵĵӣһ˿ҲûСЩϵϢҲϵۣƺкܶˣս֮ͻƣ˸ߵһΡ
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һɽŵʧǺء
ÿԴﵽһɵı׼˵ɼ㲻ʣµĸˣ֮⣬˶ǿ
رԯõ˼ලϣԼԪϵһϿɡһִ˵ڽս֮Уԯ˳һȵʺ츳Ȼս֮УͻΣ侳졣
Ҳܾȡ
漴ȻˣΪԷ츳ԵǰءƷʣһ˺ܾԪڼϸ̨ԪôôͻƣҲǿġ꣬һνʱ򣬵һҲͻһ硣ǸʱǴ죬ͻ졣
֮󣬸̨þͻ½ܶ࣬ǼͻƵġ
ҲΪʲôܶ˶ͻƵʱǿ侳۷ԭ򡣲ѾоԼͻƣѾǺܾԶˡ
ڹ˶ãͿٸ̨֮ͻƣʱΪһٶȱǣôҲʧȥ˾֡
ʱѡȥμǸԴЩѾõľӢۣԼ׿߶Զ
ӢӣΪҲ侳Щս˵ûκεĶѹ
ΨЩţܿܲμԴıǺӣǾУûģսʤ
ϾǺľ磬Ѿ侳ãѾһΡ侳ˣɱ侳ˣֱ̫ˡ
Թû侳ˣսʤ侳ĸ֡
Ȼ漣Զഴġ
κʱ漣ֻܱڻʱˡ
˱Ǻ֮⣬֮УҲм˵ΪԶԶ侳侳ҲһЩǿĵ֡
ЩˣĶ֡
ǵΪ侳һ죬̫ߡ
һԼľ飬ҪǺ似ôҲ˵ԽʤյĶȻ̨֮ϵԪ
ܶμһԴôͿԶһЩԪһ㡣ֺôط޷ģν壬ô͹꣬ĺôġ
ΪܶһԪͻƲſԡ
Ŀ⣬Щ̧ߵʬϣ۾һתѯԵִµЩʧߵ̧֮󣬴ô


252 ̨Խս6
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ִ¿Ŀ⣬ò˼顣
кܶˣƺΪ˵Ļ⣬ܺ档
ʱһԵԯܲмĵʧߣôȻһɷա
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ϸĽͣܿеĺ塣
ȥΪһɽŵĸ߲㣬Բ⣬ЩʧߵĴΪΪЩˣԺܺôƺ顣
Ͼÿһ죬
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Щʧߣʱ׼ڽϣһա
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УҪ񣬾ǻȥȡԶȡһΡලһ仰ʾܲ⡣
ʲôʱ򣬻ȥú˺ȥעЩС飬ֱǻ
ʲôʱ˶ǲֵùע
ϾһˣôʲôûˣһеĶˡ
ȴ֣ܿ϶ĵලϣҲ£Ҳǲϧʱ䣬ΪҪͻƣڵľ硣
ҪԪҪ˽ٿػԪ
һ֮ܽɹôսҽ޵УûҵĶ֡
棿ලϺ𾪣˵֮һ޵С
ôûȨͰ취ֹѡ˼һ£ĬȻĵͷͬʱ˵۹
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ǶƵĹԱһǶ֪бȻʲô⣬Щ⣬ǿԿǵġ
ǾҪ飬ۻʺ͹̵ƽ̣ˣһЩһϵ֮ٺ
һʱḶ́ʱһصԪǧﴫͺ绰һǿԺܴݵĹͨ
ɺ⽻ͷ֮£ƽ̣ҲǶܵ۹Ĺʦлʵ۵ۺ飬ͬɽŵ
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۹ͳһԼܸˡලϵɫȻڴȻе㲻ģȻ֪ʲôҪ֮ȻѡôôȻԭ򡣡
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ڵ۹ĹԱ£ǰ˷ٻ¯ڵĵط
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һɽŵˣͱúܷɢ
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Դѡȥٻ¯ʱ򣬾Ѿעһ֮ҹ
⣬Ҹ𣿡
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ңԸߵ۹߸ǻʵ۱£ʲô⣬ôɽŽ͵۹׵ľѡ
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һԪϽϣ޷˯ˡ
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Ԫ뿪ˣලվڼԺסݶ֮ϣŴ۹۹ҲգҲգҲ˭ֻҪǸڽҹðճֵĻôɽţĲݡ
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֪ڽҹڷٻ¯ΪЩʧ߷ٻʱһЦѡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ڵ۹һĵ档
һȺźɫӣһֵСص˾£һĤһ
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ЩźӵˣȻνħŵˡһƬ֮˸ԻصԼλá
һǸߴϵϢȴʮŨħŵӣһеȨȣҵõ鱨ʾʦһ֮Уֳһšţɱħŵһӣλ˵Ӧô
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һʱڵգǰ
Ȼʱ򣬵һ˵ĻˣȴҵȫѹȥǲӦ£Ӧѡһ·ļһȥʦ


253 ̨Խս7
һʱ䣬Ҽžˡ
ǵȻ֪úãԻö档
ôߵĳɾͣڵʦǵ˵ľ棬֮ãþ£۹Χ˵ǣԴȻ
ǴҶʼ˼Ҫõãһε顣
鱨ʾɽŵѡٻ¯֮ɣԼĶֻŪòԡټһΣǵĵӱϴ˲࣬͸еĵӣ˽飬̫ࡣ
Ǵӱϵ鱨ʾһɣ뷨Ҫһλš
ֻҪǽͱȥȻУϵìܣôɽţͬǣȻɾѣһһµĽ籩ͻᵽʱ򣬸ƿص𽥽ͣħŵĵӣͿɵ͸С
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ǺħǱȣֻεѡΪֻħſǿΪ
ʲôǣʲô춼ûУô棿
ʱĳһʦҪǵС
ԸħŵӣʵʦȳġΪǿƺǿɺܶƶ񣬶ûа취ֻգѡΣյĵ·
ȻҶˣôǾһ£岽衣
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ЩһҲ
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Щ磬赲侳ˡ侳ˣֻҪƷôа취
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ôһɨӣִźѾķѣԪɥʧĺءɵʬûС
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ЩҲû̫棬˵նپǶ١ʵһԪˡ
ʲôطͻƣʵûʲôƣڸ̨֮ͻƣҲطһ
Ҫӵ㹻Ԫͻƣôѡڷٻ¯Ҳһġ
ȷʬɷ֮ͽһͷųȥЩɵʬΧ
ȻʵսһС͵ԪЩɢʬΧһ
ս˵ǳļңһʼ˲μӡֻǧˣڶ㣬ǧ˿ԽҷԼɡ
Ҳ˵мˣȫڽĸ̨֮¡
ɴ˿ɼʬôӴһŵ֮Ԫڷٻ¯Χӿ
һߣԪٿطٻ¯ٻʬļһ棬򲻶ϵɡɣΧʬ壬Ҳһ١
Ϊʬ壬˵ʱ̫ãԪŵ̫أҲ鷳кܶԪʹʧ
ȥһСʱ壬ͻȻһȦеζæɣ̧ͷգˡ


254 ̨Խս8
ʲôˣ
ôע顣
Ȼ׽٣
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ŵפأ
һȺųϣϵ׽٣ӣȻΪҽδĸ֮ҽŽԡ
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в̫ˣԲȥ
ɽ٣Ҫ̫ɽٳɹҲҪˣһεİɱԿԳɹΨһĵ⣬ɽŵļලϣԹȥػ
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Щ󷨣ǳʱо֮£Ȼ޷̫ʱ䣬ڼ׽٣ΧĹ֮£ȻҲƻۣʱӣЩѾ䵭һЩۣѾʧȥ˹Ч󷨵ĳλΪ״̬
еİɱߣȻץסᣬǴ󷨵Χ߽ߣЦţСӣô


259 ̨Խս13
ܽģϾ
һ·ϣİܶвˣһ
ӱϵӦòһɡһȷǽŵĵӡ
ΪʱΪ˿ݣһеĽȦСȦɸ޷ҾóҲáǸˣȴԺܺýȦȥƽ󷨡
ȻҲһĴۣһˣֻʣˡ˵ľ֮еһǾҲġ
ܵ˵лȨ
ˣʱ޷ֱǴӸղŶԿǸǴģлĻһᣬɱĿǰǻ󷨣Ҫƽ⣬Լ֮ڣ޷Ԥսġ
ͷ֮ϣĿǰ׽١
׽٣Ҳһζɽ֮УΪ͵ιȥʲô˵ȥôضʬ޴档
ȻΪǶ侳׽٣Ҳõģοһ侳׽١ϵ׽٣˿ûе˼˼ı飬ȴý˳ľӢӣɫе㲻
Ҫ֪ǿɱġ
һ㶼ǣŪǾͺһͣһ۶СɫΪһɶӢӣǺʱܹ˵ӡ
Ҫ֪侳ˣͶϾӢӡӢӣֳΣֱ侳ǰ죬ΪһΣΪڶΣǵΡһΪͨӢӣҲֵǮľӢӣһŵӶںеʱ򣬻ŵӴѹ
ͺһʮһκһˣȾӢǿһľӢӣǶ·һ
ľӢӣֱΪ׼ĵӣǵʵǿһЩһɵľӢӣΪĵӣ׼ʥӡһľӢӣʮֵϡ٣κһɶӡ
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ϾʧܵģΪλãֻһˣԵȵȥκһˣֻǡԵǸˣȥ֮ʥӣΪʯΪ̤ʯһŲ顣
ԽţʱþӢ֮еӣɱѾǷǳˡ
ȻǱҲӹɵġ
ǲƵʱͻȻɵָţϵ׽ٵʦһĴڣزݣԴ̤侳֮ÿһ磬ôҪܣ̶ͬȵ׽٣ΪӳʧôͻɢתͶ̥ܡ
಻ϧ֪ϧԼŬĳɹʱʩչָİ취Ҫư£ΨҶⲻ֪֣һɵ飬ȫ
ֻҪһ죬飬ѾŭԹĵزôӡ
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ŵӢӣеɵۡ
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һʦڳɳĵ·֮ϣնɱһЩжԵˣ
Ϊʥ侳ǿߣôһ·ϣɱ֮ˣҲм٣ǧˡ
죬ڸǵĻôˣƾʲôΪʥ侳ĸ֣
˿۶䣬ŵӣܲͷı֡
СӣҪڷϻˣȻ㲻ѡôֵͰѡˡ
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ڴͬʱٻ¯ΧĽֵ棬ս
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ŵĵӣǶ֪Χˣɱ֮СɽţΪԵһɽŵռоԵϷ硣ɽŲȡƣǽ
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Ҫ֪ɱôӢۣɱôǾǰûһ
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ԻŽôҪųȥҪܷɽŵˣΧ֮ǰɱҳɹӴܳȥ
ǸƺͷĽŵӣһԼԵˣ϶ϣʩչԼ似ǰСӣˡ
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ѵ㲻֪κʱ򶼲Ӧĵ𣿡
㣿Ǹܶļһ˿⣬ȥżһߣʩչԪһϵ׵硣ܿǰʮҵλãѾԳ̵ķΧ֮ڣΪһɱ߰ʮǶһӳȥǽǶˣҵķƴӡ֮ˣҲ⡣
ؼߵؼƴӡ
һеĹԴӷ֮Ϊڵһ֧ڵĽջյĽţȻõһЩŹ
Ϊλ϶һ־ǷƴӡҲûʲôֵþȵġ
ҴƵƴӡӦľУѾǧһУϣȴ˿˻ҲûŪ
֮ŵݣƺڳЦЦܣЦ
ܣ
ôܣһͬʱһȭǿգǿ֮ϵ׽٣ٴδɢۡ
һڰ˵׽٣ûгͣͱ׵Ļүôڵɫһѿ
ɲ⡣
ڴͬʱŵ϶ٴʩչ˷ƴӡһʩչʮɵΪһҪٻ¯
ⲻ֪ĹԾûжһĺɵ϶
ʱһɫļͷֱĳ


260 ̨Խս14
һ
ٻ¯֮󣬼ලϰУһ
мලһɵΪ
ֻʩչһΣһι󣬾ͻ᲻ڡ
ȴܷ飬ҪĺܶѪſɡΪٻ¯ʵִ̫ˣԸûü׼ֻôһ
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һ˿вȫôͻĴǸвȫˣһ
ͺһĻƵģǸ϶ûôһ£ͱ̴ˣؿڳһվǰ棬ĿǸΪˣһ𾪵ı顣
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ʵֻһˣǸϴΪ̽·ԲŻһֵģɱôĹͣôϡ
ͨ
˰һڵϡ
Ѫ˳˿ڣͣĳʡ
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˵׽ٵ֮һ侳ˣ侳ˣҲԲ⡣
Ųۣϱǿ׽١
ǸţʣΨһһˣգҿ⵹׽٣ֻҪʮͻή٣ʱôҲȫֿκһʱ򣬶ʧȥԭеĹЧһĶ
ʱҵһᣬ˵Ƿأ
ģķֻʣһˣϵ׽٣ǿŲᣬðԼΣգͬھأ
ѡģѡԼɽٵʱڳֵ⣬ôͿ֮ˡ
ȻҪպûᣬһԴҪҲϡһɱˣʵ̫̫ˡû֤ݣôκһˣ˵Լɱ֡
ʱ˭û֤ݣ֤Լɱģô;ûõˡ
ҵˣԶԼԾ죬ǵأҲ޷ȡοˣ
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ԶǴ磬Զ϶˲ôҲ޷뿪͵أֻ΢Ҳųˡ
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ԼΪ׽ٸǶ֣η塣
ǸŵĵӣһԹۿҲںֻգ׽٣Զ䡣
ƺûнǰˣԼĶ֡

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󵨣һ̫أȻ͵Эֱҵ۹ϡ

ΪЩĵˣȫ۹İӰץסȫʣµˣǻҵĸ̸۵飬ҲΪ۹ǰ;ǵ顣
ʵһεϴڱȻ顣ܵ˵ɽڵ۹˲֤ݣûжɽŵӵ£òԼ£۹ϵеĵӣⳡ粨֮Уƽ˳һľߡ
һɽֻʧһ£ϵӣ߻һЩϵӡȴûһ㣬ⳡ粨֮УûбԼһ󲿷ӣ۹ץסᣬһٲ˴󲿷ӡ˵һεķ粨ܵ˵ɽţռϷġ
Ϊ¼ոձԸ֮䣬ûϸ飬Ի׵ʧ֮һһûġ
ԼĵĴǣΪ۹δľ˿÷ƺͲúο
ΪڵĴǣһŹ֮ˡǵĸô۹ȻԲһڣܵ۹ƪ¡̸һᣬľܽһ½ԹΣһһɽƣôҾһѣ⡣
һǻһ½ʱڰвҲһֺ¡ԺɽŵĺȻҪǿҲʧҵ۹ϡ
ף
µĻ͸һָ·ƣ֮һʱ䣬Ǻ֮佻Ӧδ
ȥǣΨΨŵŵҺЩ¶ԷһСģԼǽ죬һε飬ټϱµĻǾͲڵˣԴ󵨵ߣȥԼ

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һȺɽŵĺɣǣһˣɽۻ
Ϊ룬ǵĿأֻǿս˫ƴĽԼҲһ
֮󣬲ûչսǸվסһλãජŶԷ
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ͬһʱ䣬Ǹ׽ٵʱǵҲ׽飬ڿԸһˡ
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ȻǵĹע£һԼıӣƺе㲻ӡһ̣ı֮ϣȻһѪζ
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261 ̨Խս15
Ҳˣ
ͻȻŤתԼĲӣĿڽһϣ֪Ǹˣһ֣ôټ׽٣һΣգḶһ˺
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ôһԺ˲乥ķ֡һǹеıɣһջر̽ǹչ˽սΧУʼɵıԪ
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ֻΣǸ׽ٵǿ󣬳ĳܷΧ׽𣬴ӶһţһԼɣвˡ
ǾʱֱڵһߣȻ˷֮УȻֱӭ׽١
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ҲΪ˲ôҲ
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𰸺ȻΪ壬֮УϵǰУԪ˿ûнͣ𽥵
ܿһ㣬漴ֱӴһ࣬Ѿ˯֮еͨϰա
ЩעˣֻһɫӰӣֱײˣڽ䣬ǿ׽١
׽ٺɫӰںһ𣬷һɳĹⲨκһˣûа취ٻ¯
ãⲨֹͣʱֹͣסһŷٻ¯


262 ̨Խս16
쾲ˣ
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Ŀǰսڣսڣս۷塣죬ôΪսˮ׼ȻԶԶս侳ڵǿߡ
ȻҲֻǣһεԤ⣬Ͼ侳ˣʵ̫ǿˣǿ󵽸侳˿ġ
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һΣʩչЩʬ壬Ƿַӣ͸㶨һС֮üΪһ˼顣
Щʬ壬̺ԪȻһ׽١
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263 ̨Խս17
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ΪκεԪ˵ӪƷʵ˲ãЩԸṩԪ֧ͻء
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ȻⶼǺ飬Ŀǰؼ⡣
ලϳ˼˶ûа취жΪڼලϵƿطΧͬһʱ䣬פؾӣ½ĿΡ
ڵھŵ׽ٳֵʱ򣬾Ѿ뿪ԭפأɵפλãפԻػɵפأħɱǸɶ֪ҹս۹һӵļɵҲıƵķסɣھ鱨ʵ
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ǸҲһԹϣѡʹţôʹţһúȡΪһӢ
УʹźţǻȪţҲȤɡУһε׽ٽһҪȥû뷨תͥ
ҹͻɢǿΪͻƣת٣ôɹҲ壬мδ֮·ޱȼ̣ʵʱղѾνˡ
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264 ̨Խս18
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265 ̨Խս19
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266 ̨Խս20
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267 ̨Խս21
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268 ̨Խս22
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սʽʼвˣ̽븡̨ռЩû˲ٿصĸ̨ʱһӡ۹Ա·ŵǣЩ˵ĸ̨˭˭ģץ


269 ̨Խս23
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270 ̨Խս24
ŵ۹ңλ֮Ϊ̵ĵɣʦֶϵ۵֦
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һۣȻԼλãҪʼˣһҪḡ̨أ


271 ̨Խս25
ƿǰ浲·ˣֱŸ̨ȥ
ûпʹţȪţţ̺͵۹ҵĳϺͻĿֻһǾǸ̨
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ɲɽŵʵȻǿ󣬵ҪƵĶȣ̻ܶࡣȻЩţûʧٷ֮ʮôɽŵĲȶɲѾˣеİٷ֮ʮ侳ϣҲˡôɽţʣһʥ侳ıۣƾʲôѹƶɡұһɽǺΪ۵Ķӣ͸ɽŵ֮ӣȻҪߣɽŴ󲿷ֵųɳʱҲֻһƨ棬һӰӰˡ˺ݽˣʱҲˣҲһ޳ˣǸʱ򣬻˭һ
һשҵĻʹӦ۹ҵɣҪһԪʮֵѣ治֪ôɵġ
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ʲôãһɵĵҩҲƵģÿֻôòģѾʹˣ㹻ʹáһɣôܸĸȣҪңҲӦȥţ˵һɶû׼ԼԵһӾͿԳϣ֮½أ
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һ°˼ĶҸǡҪȥȥȪţΪһݣڻȪһξ˵滰ǿжϳȪһͨһߵͷôյȻ֮½ֻҪ߹ȥͿԻõУʱɨ½Ҳڻ¡
ߣͨôߵģ֪ΪʲôȪţЩֻλӵڶŵһ

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ȻලϣԼҲ֪
ѾһʧȥʵȨļලϡΪ֪ڶȨȨĹ֮УȻһӡ϶Ҫγģҹ飬Ϊľϣ˲٣ɽھǷչİװӡ鴫ɽţôȻ˻᲻ľٶʱ㣬ҪɼලλãҲͬ⡣һȻҪԼʱ򣬾һ£ɳĸӿһЩ
ȻԸ⣬ôҲǿˡ
ϧˣһŵĵӣһҹ֮ɽεӢţûɽţʵ̫ϧˡҲûа취˭ǸˣһûУ֪ѡõĲأ
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ĸˣҡͷ뿪ʱѾ˸̨ΧЩû˵ĸ̨ҲѾռһա


272 ̨Խս26
ԼӦֹ𣿡
ʵ˵ҲԣȥɣôõչˣȻҪɽź࣬ʱĳɾͣҲӣܳΪʥ侳Ҳ˵ɽţбǺѹƣô£ֻܳΪ侳۷ʦôԼǲǵһأ
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ǸСһҲһµˣУһԼļ㣬ôֱӵľܾɵ롣
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Ҫλûа취
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Ĵ۱ϾѾꡣĴ۵ĺˣΪܵ۹ңӶ˴лˣôҲɽ֡ǳɽôҲ۹ά̨
Ը̨һ죬ĹĴ۵ԪΪһԷղǵļ飬Ƿµĸ̨ʹԪһյһ̨Ͳʹˡ
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С粨ֻĻеģ˺ܶ˶֪
ΨһһܣµˣҲԼûн飬һ¡
˽ʮӡ
ȸٲõĹԱ½ٲôʼʱѾʱ֡
ȵ̫же㲻ˬ
ˬ鲻ˬӦÿʼսҪʼġ
ΪҹսԺܶ˶ˡ
ʣµĲˣ֮ҪսΣͿԻǰһٵȻڽо
Խս̫żҶɵս
ĵһսȴΪԭ򣬾ȻֿˡʱоΡ
ֿҲãҲˣһЩᡣ
֣ô˭˭䣬ûһ⡣
ּһغϣӭԼĵһˣһŮӣĻǱ£ʹõıһ߳ޡ
ҲŮԣóʹõıС
Ȼ벻ǣԼǸ֣ս֮󣬲̳Լһ£ԼװĿǸǸҽ죬ԽҰ죬ֻʮ꣬δ飬Ҳûʲôصˡؼǣһûб̣

Ʒ
Ҳ֪컨ôһƷŮӡ
һۺ컨ڵλãҪһʲô飬ֻϧʧˣ컨Ųǵӣִ³ϣͳͳͷ­̧ȻҲ֪ܶ


273 ̨Խս27
ȥɣ
ģôлգҲܽǰٵ
컨ţһȺգҿ֤ǰȥ컨ͣǰŮģΧתƣ˵ʲô߿˵ҳ˧ĵһһҪƵģҪҵС檡
ôûӦ
ϻյŮˣ˵ٸ˵ôܴӦأ
УǴţƣ컨źôҲһɣ֮еĶɡղǸŮģǺ컨ŵ֮еŵӣܿϲȥ
˵˭Ƿأ
˵˵Ǹأ

ôɣӿɲ㣡
̨Һ壬̨ء
֮һַ֣ҵһ졣
ҶڵſյΣôȻһֱȥ
һۣԼĶ֣ȻһԼɤӵǸλʦãʱûпҪȢϱĴ㣬ֻѰˡ
û£ҲżҿԵ㰡
ҲΪԼʦδҸˣһŹֵĹûɹ֮ǰǲзµġңҲԸϴԺαأ
û£Ҳ⣬һʵķޡ

ʦ֣ʹ˼Ұɣ
̲סˣһҪµĳ嶯ֱӳŶԷһСǸʦãһҪȶҪÿһطˣսҵĻᡣ

컨λŮӣûü˵
ͻһһߣ漴ģһȭС֮ϣһȭɳȥ
ȻôеִݻɣϾǾһıȻԼˮҺ컨ǸŮӣҲʵ޷ܡһҪµĳ嶯ˡ
컨ǸŮӣһȭɳȥ֮˿ûжŭڵ̳֮Ŷ̨֮ϵʦᣬ㹥˼ңҲô˧˼Ķѣʦ֣һȹҹ
ʦ֣һλᣬҿԴ˺㣬飬ܰҹ⽫Ļ䣬˵ǲǡ
˵ʲôʱ򣬺컨ŵӣǸȽ˧ĳϣֱ̳֮ϣһֱֵӴڵء
һС粨ǳ׵Ĺȥˡ
̨֮ϵѾһεʤȥĳͿ˳ǰһ٣Ȼȴľֳξˡ
ĵ£ѡһ£µĹս似Ӧս
û취ʹõ似ȻǺǿ󡣵ȴ޷֧ţ۷ΪҲ޷Ϊȫʩչȥ
ļ䣬ϵתһԺص
ܿͽԼȥ侳似һоٳȻ̭һЩ侳ڣʹõ似͹
Ƭ֮ڽһЩֵԼԺʩչ似һ
Щ似һ侳ʹõľ似һ
Ӱ߼һʩչӰӣ磬ʧӰ١
첽߼һԵΪĿģĲ£ԵͥһּǿĲ

Ӱǹ߼ǹһʩչǹӰÿһǹӰʵ壬˷ʤһȺѵǹ
ǹ߼ǹ˵ϹŴܴǹǹĴߣʩչǹϵ̴̫һ

޺߼񹦣Ƿش̻֮ڴ½ÿһˣԵǹ룬ݺ侳֮£޵С
ͯӹ߼񹦣һͯԵĹг֮ΧһڣûκζƷǻʮԪ
ǧǧÿһԼе㣬ҲԼȱ㣬ΪԼȥʩչ似ȻЩԼĿͻȨ
ԺܿۺԼ뷨ԼԼľ飬ǧ棬ѡһħǹһӥٱ䲽ڻ񹦣ûѡ壬ֻҪԸ⣬ô̴߶ʱΧĶۣ˭ƿķ
ȷԼĲǹ֮еһСʯͷҲǿԷڵˡͬʱԼµĶ֣ѾٿԼĸ̨Խˡ


274 ̨Խս28
ƾʲô
͸ղǸս㣬һһ롣
սͷա꣬һԹ͵ԼԼ˭ˣ
ĸоеΣǳǵĻ
ʦ㣬ʦ־㣬ʦҲˣѵΪΪǿӾҪһӣʣµĶ
үԸʦȥˣΪճүʧȥˣһԺʦãһ׷ĻᣬⶼĴҪΪԼµĴڡ
죬Ҳϣ˼ҶԲ㣡

ã
һأԼˣ
ȡֵΪǺ
ҶԷһеġ
һŮģôĨԲ˼һˣôĸУҲʧȥˡ
ټϸղţǸŮһ߶Ūڵܲˬʱһװǹ֮ϣôֻ˵ù
Ŀһɨһ̶Ǹ꣬ͷԼ壬Ѿʧȥжͺʩչ˶
кȻ
ȻڱȶʼʱѾ֪ԼѻʤϾӵ侳۷ΪȻԼغϡ
ղţҲע⵽ͻŮս
ǳս棬˽һʵǾһĺˣֻҪ˵һ㣬˵εһ㣬ôȻԼѿġһʩչ˱鹥ƣ˵ԼôôıƵġ
ƽʱģôȻһ
ļʶȻףϣҵ˵ڶ仰ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ƭԼҪԼͬĺ
Ȼ
ʩչӥٱ䲽ߣһӥצץסļȻһˤ
ˤһ֮˿ûֵͣ˼ÿһΣڶԷˤڸ̨֮ϲãͻὫ壬ڳȻŷ򣬼ˤȥ
һȥˤ˵طʮأǶԷΪﵽ侳۷壬ʱҲе㱻ˤ߻أ֪ϵر۾ֱðǡ
һ̣֪ˣôһŭˣҲǺܿµ飬֪Ѿеˣˣʮˤڱֱ˳˷˳ȥ
ۣ
ڵϣԴֱӣɳʯ档һͨˣôѾˤ㲻ˤҲˡ
Ϊһʦ壬ͨҪǿɻţȴ
ԴУҳ߰˷ӣһҪǴȥӢͻ᳹׻ٵ
㶨֣飬΢泩һ㣬ڶоܱˡ
һ¸ǣԼӵһЩ
Ƭ̣ľֵˣҲӹˡ
һֵĶ֣һֿܴˣһڶ濴һۣȻȻһģԪ̽һ¡
ܱ֮̽뺷͵Ĵֱֿ꣬εҡҡͷ˵һ䣺ǿǸɣصˣҲĶ֡
һ£ֿˣ͸ɾ͵ĴӸ̨֮ȥľ֣սʤ
֣
һһŮˣȽϵģŮ˵ͶԸһʼͽԼĶϡ
Ϊ˰ȫԼʶȫգʡıԷ߶
رʶôȻԷ
Ϊ˰ȫԪԷ壬ڱԷ͵ϮȻٶ˵İֱӶ˵֡
ΪֵŮӣһսʦһóҶˡ
һǳ֮󣬾͵һӡӵӭ£ҪУȻҪ㵸㲻УôҲֿԪ
ȴһҲûУҿӣƺܡǵŮֱ֣εҡҡͷԼ٣ֱӴӸ̨֮ȥҲֱˡ
û취޷ӰԷôЩԶˣȻҪֱ䣬ȶԷԼôԼǶԷĶ֡
ֵȥûֽҿʶΪµ֣һŮӡ
Ȼȵֵ˵һΪ˾ȻԼͬţҲǸһֱԼԸԯԼһˣò˵컯Ū˰
ԯƺҲ֪ԼˣڿԼĵʱ̿ЦһȻҲĶ֣ȫ֣֪֮Ĳ࣬жôĴ󡣡


275 ̨Խս29
һҪɳ
ôҪԵ飬ȥεʧܣ
Щ˿ܻЦ
ΪһˣΪʲôҪѧʧܣȥѧϰʧܣʲôأ
Ϊ֪ʵһˣһʼѰʧܡ
㲻·ʱΪѧ·ԲϵǰУſţţվٲѵߡ
ʵÿһ죬㶼ʧܡ
ͺΰ˵ģʧǳɹ֮ĸһ
ֻҪʧˣôŻɹ
ԯھǿʧܣ
ΪʲôʧܣΪ֪ǰ·ߡһţȱ˵ߣԷѧϰΪٶȽչ١
ȻԴӼɽţǲܵļ¼ϵıˢ¡
֪ԼһˣȥˣôȻ⡣
ܣ֪Լ֮䣬ײʲôطҲ֪֮䣬жĲࡣ
ΪĿģǰǰ
һ֣ˣҪʤԼ㣬ӶⲹԼȱ㣬ﵽ
Ǹʱһԯͻᵮ
ΪĿģȻϣȫ֡ͬҲףΪʲô뷨Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪô
ˣô᲻мڹˣ
ᣬΪţ֮ӡ׷ϣҲ˳ԽԼ
ΪţԼ޵еģֻſԲǰУվ֮ۡ
ĬȻĵͷҰڳһơ
ƣһȭ
ȭ̫ǿշ磬Բõģԯ
һУֻһУֿܵסôˣֿסͻϣԺúϧ
ԯŵĵͷȻ֪ԼкܴĲ࣬Ҳڳɳڽ죬ɹĽ侳죬ΪѾȹ̡ţľ£ԿԽһС
ڳһȫĽ״̬Ӧơ
˵ķԷκһ㡣ú׳Լķͳһ֮е޵дڡ
ķֻǰǸշͨȭʽֱһȭȥ
˵֮Ĳ̫֮࣬Ĳࡣ
̫ԯֻԼſֻһȽͨ壬ûκε塣
һȭ
򵥵һȭ
ǹʱȴԴһ˼
ȫ֮ϵԭȫԯľ
һȭûʲôڣ͹ԯ֮ϡ

ԯֵȴûа취ס
æ˼ǿֵסԼٰˡ
һ棬ʱѾѪѾѪģĿ
ɴ˿Կóղŵһսȫ֣˿ûӡ
ͨ
ԯڵϣ΢Ц
ҿˣҿһȴ򿪵ţŵһˣҲˣҪȥ
ͨ
ԯֱӵڵϣ
Ҳûа취վ࣬
˵ɹˣ
˻ΪۣɹĽסһȭ
һֿۣһۻսˡ̾ϢһȻһԯһźƣֱӴӸ̨֮ȥ
ԯһսʤˣôͿȥˡ
Ҳûˣ˵ĵġ
ֱ֮ӻصϢңԯһӣȻһЩҽƵˣӺԯҽơ
ټһЩҩ޲ǳסԯ
ǸҽƵĳϣһԯľȻӦһ䣺û⣬Ҳû⣬û˺ֻۣǾϣܵ˳
Ԫϻӻ֣ǸҽƵˣȻԯ̧ߡ
һ𰸣ලĿһۣܺã֪ˡ
ÿɷЦЦʵȫ֣ôȻɱԯϾڿɲһ侳ΪˡȫʵԺ侳ڵ˶Կɱһ侳֮µˣûκεѹ
ںԯսʱȻͷϴӦˣԷ󣬲ҲȫʩչѾʱΪѹ侳죬ԯͬһ磬ͬһΡȫ֣һȭ֮£ûнԯɱ
ҲԯʲƷʣؼʱ̣˺ܶãֿסѹҿһ߲ͨεĴţĳɾͣȻڲͬ
־飬ԼоԼġ
Ը֣԰ȴ֮á
ı飬ලʮ⡣Ϊ̬Ƕɽкôһ̬һţȺۣˣԼҲˣôƾʲôΪɽŵδչ
һ㱱ǺӾȻȴˡ
Լලϵı֮УȻһЩӦĶ
ЩҲܾˡ
ãʣµˣ˭˳ǰһ٣ලͻȻָţڸ̨֮ϣǿսѯʵ
˳ָĿ⣬Ŀȥ
Ȼطһɽŵĵսֱǽɽһŵӡɽŵ֮Уʵĵһˡ
Ȼûд»صɽŵʱ
»صɽţôսΪǿԵһɽ
ɽĶ֣һʹŵĴʦ
ʹŵĵӣһԪγһѪӣóӷкսʦ֮УһȽƫŵְҵ
ΪսȻСӡ
Ǹ˵ΪѾﵽ侳죬ӻҲ׵ӡɽΪպ侳ڡ
֮ĶԾе㿴ͷ
һֱ֮ӸһɽĽ˵ĽͬĽУ̺һصţȥһʲôĽ֮УֻҪ۵㹻ĳ̶ȣôȻԣһл֣ܶһսԹ
ලҲͷΪпϡʵҲΪɽһ֣ûκѹ
Ϊɽǹȥɽŵѡ֣ĿȻǰʮɽҲᣬһֱѹԼΪٳûн뾫Ӣӡ
һߵսƴѽѷ֣֮սĿ˼һᣬȻ󻺻˵غϣͻܣΪĶ֣ǽŵƣһɱﵣôȻһ¡
ƺ֤ĻغϹȥ֮󣬸̨֮սͻȻŵĵӣгһ֣һһֱֵӺɨ˹ȥ
ֵŵĵӣ̷ʬˣ


276 ̨Խս30
ⳡԾֻս֮еĲ׺һڣԲûʲô粨
սڳɽûʧ˳սֱӽ
һɽžͿȷǰһ֮ӣɽŵˡ
ڼල˵һõһˡ
ɽĽҲûʧֻҪɽ˳ĽǰʮôҲ
ܿһսһɵĵӣսʤԼĵˣ˳Ľ
ǰһٵڿȷ
һ棬Ȫĸһʹĸɽһɣֱһѡ
ʣµˣǶɵĵӡ
˻˵ԯôǿˣڸղŵս֮ѡЩɵˣΪʲô˳
Ϊһ;Ϊս츳ͬҲҪǸ˵ˡЩɵĵӣǵΪ侳ӡ
Щʧ֮ܵУкܶ˶ǵΪҪǿ
ЩǿˣʧܶաЩûвˣȴ˳һȺʹȻ
ǽû˿Է񶨡
ϾҲ࣬ҲǸͶġûһˣǹھÿһڵõջԻ͵ʱȻҲҪһĴۡ
Ȼ⣬Ҳ˲⡣
ʲô滨ŵʦ֣侳Ϊûнǰһ٣һΪֻ侳ˣǰһ٣һʲô飿ҿһè壬û׼Щڶأ
ʦֻ֣侳죬һƨʦʹŵӢţѾ侳ڵӢˣͬһ֮⣬һʧʵ̫ˣҲϵ
꣬ǲҷʲô
ʲô
ҷһܣղЩˣӸ̨֮ҾȻһ˵Ϊֻ侳һ۷壬һֻһɵĵӣ˵飬ֲ֡
Ҳ̫˰ɡ侳һˣԽǰһ٣ӵҲ侳Ϊʵǿɣǰһ٣ǰʮ
ҿ࣬ҺˣڵɵĳϣҲμӣһεıȶûвμӣҲ˫ա˵ûУǸսĸ̨ƺ⣬վ棬ΪͿԲϵӣӣǲſԣ죬һͻƣǸɽŵĵӣһ֮䣬ͻ磬ȫڣǸ̨ĹЧ
ʲôǸ̨ôĹЧ
ϻǽţҲһӣ˳ǰһ١ոǣսʱ򣬸̨֮УһʲôԪṩԪҪͻƣ侳죬Ҫ£վǸ̨֮ϣһ죬ͿԵ͵£˵Ǹ̨ô
ҿˣôбضè塣
ӲҪȥЩǰһٵˣúñȶһ£
ԣҲҪȥҪȶ
壬ȥ
һʱ䣬ΧԹ۵˷ˣǵһ̨֪ĹЧȻܼ
Ⱥ鼤Ⱥվڿ̨֮ϣüĿһ壬ħŵȻչһˮ׼ǵ֮ҲܳڣȻ֪Ⱥ֮У֪ӦʲôЩȺǼӶҡ
һ֮ޣħŵŰЩɵĴɣڻɱݺơŪǵʵЩ겢û̫࣬е½ȥҪ˶ãħžͻḴ޾ͻ߳ɭ֣ڴ½֮ЩСèֻĳû
ලĻҲĸпһ£п֮Щ飬ĿǰҪעġ
ţڿʼҪĿ꣬ȫϵͻƣȡս侳ڼ䣬κһ飬Ӧùĵ飬ҲҪ͵ġҪʲôʲôԴֱӺ˵ֻҪһǼලϵһ죬ֻҪһܰ쵽ôҾͻȫΪȡ
һ̣ල¶˾ģԼĳ룬ȫѹϣΪǰľƣҪȥֵôȻҪֱ֧֧ǺӣôţҲûʲô塣
Ѿصɽ̺֮ԼڵĶϣһ£ܲ
Ȼ֪ලϵ뷨ĻǺĶĵͷôδȫලˣ


277 
صԺ
ලϾˣȻͽɽһҡ
棬ලϸɽ׼һЩǿΪĲƷһʼɽġ
ֻǸʱ򣬼ල޷ȷ˭ߵĸԶûó
ԽǰһٵģѾȷ
ôȻҪӳЩǰһٵĵӣŬ
õԼӦеĶɽ͸˼ලϡ
żලϡ
ΪЩҲȡʲôЧˡලһ֣ӿռָ棬óһѶ
Щзеҩؼ֮ӦоС
Щıܵϸɨһ£ȻżලϵҪؼҪʣµеҩȫߡ
һʱ䣬ҪܲԪĶǵҩݣʲô޵ڵЩʯԡ
⼸죬ҵģǻǮ򣬻ҪŪ͵
Щ
ͷලе㻳ɵĵ˵ЩһĸãԶˣôܿӰġ
ûȻа취ԱĽ㲻õġ
˵һ仰ͳżලһȻҲ߳ңصԼСݡ
ھȵʱԪϵһ£ȥıӰ
һӣǳͷˡҽලϣһٺöδ֮ڣһԽ侳죬侳
ˣκ飬ȷģһЩ飬Ҫչģڷչ;УһЩʲô⣬ôҲֱܳޱġ
Ǹ˱ǺӴˡǺӴˣԼвôʱǾͻֽնɱ˷ܣһţܿҵУ˵ǲǣ
ҶһЩӣЩûŵѹһ죬Գ֣նɱһЩţôȷʵƣԷЩŵˣʱиĳɾͣҲ˵
ѡͶǺӴˣôעǵ˾һЩ飬ˣǧ˵򱻶Է֪ôһǳ𣬵Ƚλ֮󣬾ҵڣ
˵Եģǻ߰ɣ
ⲻ֪˵ôһ仰ûӹĶ䡣
ֻǲˣҲˡ
صԼңͽЩҩȫóȻƯڿУ漴һ֣ЩҩסһŪһԪ漴һţ޾һ
࣡
壬Ѹٵͺ
һڵԪϵıǣͬʱľҲϵı仯һʼѧ˿ɷ˿ɫ
һӣһӣһСʱСʱ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãӼලõĵҩȫɵһɶִԼǬԼȡĵҩҲȫɵһɶ
һΪӵһĳ̶ȡ
ԭո̨ϵϥĴĺѾﵽ侳۷壬գôԪɺܵԪѾͻơ
һװȻලϵСԺһżȻֱ뿪˼Ժ
뿪ʱȴûע⵽ලϣѾóżҿһ֮󣬸ȥ
СûʲôӰ졣
ɫӰӣϵھ֮дУܿһȽƫƧĵطķ磬ֵķΧһǾǣסĵطҲһҰ⡣Ұ⣬ҪֲֻһЩޡ
ЩһǸĻԣǸõġЩʳǷֹΧֵʳ
򣬻мɽ塣һЩӣȻѸٽһɽ塣ҵһ԰ȫĵط֮
ֱˣ׽٣
һ̣ϵƣٴۡ
侳׽٣ȹ侳ˡʱ侳֮£޵ˡ
뵽Ͳɵôһ
Ϊĵһߵ㣬ߵ㣬ô½֮ϣҲһˡϾ侳ˣ½˵̫ࡣ
ȻЩҩ侳㣬ΪЩˣĿ侳
վڲԶһ֦ϣලϿϵ׽٣ıǺӣҲûò˵һ漣
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ԼĽֱӭգȥҪ׽٣һ³̣Լǿᵽʲôزˡ
ǷľٶලϺȻĵ̫ˣȻҪսأȥɲһ鰡
ಣ
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սҲڴۣȻ棬Ҫúõۣĺѡ
Ȼʱ򣬲Զɭ֮С
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ղСʦһϢ˵һˣӼԺ뿪ǰĵطǵķΪʲôԵ۹鷢Сʦǰ˵̽飬ˣôɱв鷢һλκһˣҵĵˣǧҪ顣
ԷЩɵأ
УԷһ侳ˣôǵΪ޷սʤӦǺã
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ף㿴ǰǿ飬һƣڲϵķڣƺʲôҪɽ٣᲻СʦѰҵǸˣ
пܣ̸ȥ˭ɽ١ʱ򣬲࣬ޣһ¡
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ʱǵһһÿһԻ˼ලϵĶ档ԼලϣȻ֪ǣĿġ
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λСʦලȻ֮ǹ̽ĶӡһΪͨѾ侳Ϊ
ĶȻأҪȥ̽ĻǿԷֵġһ飬֤һ⣬Ǿǹһֱûзɾ裬ɣֻڰԴҲĲ̫࣬˺˺ܶҪİڣͺλСʦһ
ȥ֮ôԼȻ취⡣
ʱͻȻһ˲ƣ֮Уݣһս
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ˣˣһ£Իؼˣûע⵽ǰһ䶯սǸս棬һˣͻŽף˽ûпڿˡ
ǣʱϲ԰ôͻƣôͻƣҪ֪侳ˣͻƣô侳ˣôܣ
Ȼܣǰȷʵ˰
ǲǲҪֻҪ˽һ⣬Ǿǰˣǵ۹Ҳǹ̵ĵӣҹǰɽ٣ôǵĵˣСʦɱˡ
ԴڿʼжҪɱ
ģСӣȻɽ٣һǷ֣ôˣȻѾעˡ佫㷢ûУȻϣս׽٣һˣɽٳɹôȻҲҪһֻۡҪʱһӵϣôȻԽɱڴˣӶ˳񡣡
ãΪ˰ȫǻҪ಼һ°װȷԷӴܣӲס
˵׽٣Ҳ侳ȫԲһôͿԷ档
Ҳãôжɣ
ȻжʱһȻǸ󣬵ǲòˣΪϾͻȥ
ʲôˣ
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ͷ­ȷ˵Ŀ壬ȴһҲûжΪĲӱֱšˡ
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ȻˣĻȴһѡľʿѹͬʱķͷָ˼ලϡ
ôһ˶ڽΪҪϮĿ꣬ôΣգȻͽˡ
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ɱǽκһɵˣ㶼֮ء
Ϊɱ
ð󣬸ɵϲġ
ûõģС󷨣侳ˣһЧҲûУǶȥˡ
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ϵĹâȴһƣƵ֮£γһѰѷ޽Щ޽ڳ̳֮˷ȥֻһ̣ʮʿһɶ
ɱʿලûͣΪ֪ǵ󣬻мʿҪԼǾþòϢôȻǰʱԼͱˡ
׳飡
ֻſԼĸӳáɱиԼˡ
ֱӱ˫֣ɫڵȥ
뿪ʱɽ֮УһΣƴɢԼĽף棬ɢȵĹâ
ʱżලϣȥķһԼûԺ֮⣬һаװӡ
ҺԼ뿪ʱ򣬸ලһżԼලϵΪȻ֣ᷢԼĶڿż֮׷мලڣôҪ֪ĻɱԼ赲Լɽ٣ܡ
ලȥôȻõתŻ뿪ġȻˣôԼҲӦÿһɽ٣ȻžƺתĿյȥһ̺͵۹ҵȺ֣Ԫԣܹ׷ĻͲˡ
뵽һγ棬ȫ


278 2
һûеˣûκεɧţ
ǰѾɹ׽ٵĹټϣһֱ海ң׽۵ʱ򣬴Ҳ
Ժ׽٣ֻ˲һӣͽȫ߽ˡ
߽ǵʱϵƣҲٵƮɢ
أ۳ƣһǻۣмб֪ʹͱ˵ôһếһ
۸ˣûô۸ˣ²۸ƲŶԡ
㶨׽٣ϥŬϢһᣬƽеƣҲһԪȻдڣôԪٶȣҪ࣬Բûʲôĺ󻼡
֮һֻĸʱܶʱżʱǳĳԣ
˳ʱ·ߣĳžڳȥ
ΪʲôҪ˳ԭ·أ
Ϊ֪ලϸԼˣҰԼ˲ΣЩΣһЩࡣ
ڼලôģһ˶֪
ɱˣõĽ취ЩˣȻලɱˣôǵʬ壬ȻͻԭءһȻͱ
Ȼ˳ʱ·ߣһ·ǰУܿͷһȺ˵ʬ塣ͷЩʬ֮ڵԪһɫɡ
Ȼе٣СҲ⣬ȻŹ
ǰ˴һǧףַһսˡϣЦݣٵʩչɡ
Ϲأϰ취ûκεĲ֮
ǰߣֹ˴ǧ׵λãһսֻдСèֻÿһˣΪ侳ţˡ
Դӷϻ֮ͯɹԪɹ侳Ωûɹ侳ģ
۲һܣûз֣طʲôˡڿһսĺۼƺӸǿˣһսһ߳ȥ˴İӡһȻǼලϣôһݣӦǻʳеˣȻҲˡ֪Էʲôˡ
ǼȻȥˣôҲͲҪˣٵʩչϵ侳ʬɡ
˵Ϊ侳һӣһǵװ磬ƺĳĻǵӡ
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Ľչٶȣֱ١Ȼ٣ҲֻԼ֪˸޷⣬Ҳ޷ѧᡣ
侳ԼΪ侳۷塣ò˵֮ԼܵԪҲɱӣԼʵȻս侳۷塣ҪԪҲǷǳӴġ
ϧˣ侳һˣһ㣬ôڵԪӦ㹻Լһγͻơ
ͺ˵Ԫʧ̫࣬ͻƣڤڤ֮Уһжж
ȻڻͻƵʱ֮ڣͻ磬ôļˡ
ǱǺӣǵ֮ӣ֮ڣǿһΣҲֻ磬һǵõϹĳУŴļ¼
ˣôһ㡣漣Ѿ˼£ˡ磬ҪһЩоߣôȻὫǵȫˣȻϸɡ
磬ҲһЩˣʩչһЩֵԸͷ棬ռ˶а˵ö֮ĴħͷԼ飬ݳȥôһˣȻᶥԼ
뵽ɵ˼Լ֮·ӦſԸӵİȫơ
ܿͻصڳǡ

ͬʱ
ǵɽ棬ලһ͵ĹһֱԼ˻ɣȻǿ֮£ͥŲš
۾ȴڶɽٵĵط
ȻڵģɽǷܳɹϾ죬ԼΪʲô״ôԼʧ
ǸСޣ˵Ľչֿ죬ȫҩƷĸãҩƷͿգͿͻƣƣϹŴ˵УûгֹȴԼˡ
ԼҪôֻҪ޾ĵҩô˵Կһʥ侳Ĺ
ȻҲֻ뷨ϾҩǸʵޣõͿԵõġ
û취ʦսϵģǸϵ˴½֮ϸϵʦǳ١
ȻϵҪ̫ĽǮҲǶžǣһҪء
Ϊϵʦ̫٣ԸָϵĶǷǳȱġ絤ҩһ֡
ɽŵĵҩ⣬ĵҩܶ࣬ҲֻǿάɽŵˡԼලϵ뷨Բˡ
ʱվڼලϣһˣɫʮֺ󣬾ͺովһ룬Ϊ飬ֵĺ󣬶ķɫ꣬һ˹ξ
ƨɽţƨļලϣϷǰ㻹˲񣬼ֱ
Ϸ꣬˵۹Ͻʱ㻹֪ʲôطأ
ΪϷڼңͲ֪Щ޴ĴɣҪʲôҸǣֻҪϷ򻹻ţôǾͲΪΪ
ɺޣڻϷôһҪȺɣȫɱ
˿۶䣬ලνӡ
ȵͷѾ߶֮Żڵ֪㣬۹ʦѵĺǺҼңֲʲôãͷʧٵʧ١
Ȼû֤ݣǣһɣЩ˶ȥʲôط
סڣ
ͷĿе
Ȼලϣ˵ʹ޵ĵطΪִƴȨʱ۰ĶӣĪʧˡ
Ŭ飬ղ鱨ʾǵʧ٣ͻİйϵЩǻʵֵܣ˵Ĺϵá࣬µ飬Ҳû壬ΪҶԲµĳֿܡ
ܷΪ֪Լһ壬˶֮⣬ĺģ֧ģмˣһԼôЩˣΪԩꡣ
ҶҲܶ
ĵףȴļǺޣԹЩǼֵˡЩԹޣƽʱԼĵףԼԭˣûа취֪
񱻼ලôһ㲦̾ҩͰ̿
ˣҪˣôҲǿ
ලϴʱѾϣȷǸ򣬲ûʲôӰ죬һ䣬ƥֻҪɽţһû͵۹ŸɣôͲô۹ҲΪһˣɽԣԾˣҲɽŸ𣬹
Цһලϵ壬һֱӻһߣֱʧҹ֮¡ලϵٶȣʵ̫ˣ쵽Ͻûκ׼ûа취
ÿٶȣ
ٶȣղԼ޷ôΪʲôһʼʩչȫأ
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ԼҪԭ·أȥ׷ʲô顣
Ͻ߷ߵĿһۼලȥıӰȻתʱ·ȥȥͣලϵӰ»صղŵĵط
ԭղŲû뿪ֻʩչһĸڱ˺Ͻĸ֪ԶԷûзּලϣȻ
ϽȥˣලҲȥȻලϣȷûΣգҲҪֹԾûȥһһϽôȻ
ԼȥôһȷİΣҲԿǸϽԼˣʲôĿġ
ܿ죬Ǿˣɽٵĵط
һƬǽ壬Ƿ棬׵ĺۼ
ţոɽ١
ɽŵļලҲôȻɽٵˣӦɽŵӡ
ɺޣԼΪɵලϣûмʱϹһԽӻɱֻǲ֪ǽɽɽļʸһЩ
ϧˣôõһλᡣ
ȻѾȥˣôԼҲӦûȥСʦˣСʦᡣҿ˶ǸɶļලϻɱҲҪ̻ȥʬ
ɺޣһжɽǵĻǣ˶Ҳǡһ죬ϷһҪɱɽš

˼䣬Ͻٵȥ
ܿˣ侳ʬŴȻ֮ȴûз֣κһʬ壬ͺûʬһ
֪Լͽġ
棬ӦڼġǾʱӦԼɫͽܣԤδһʱ䣬ΪʯˣƺΣա
ãһ˿Ӧٵ׷·ϣСʦõ˹̵һȥΪ׷ɱһˡ
ΪԭŻҷԼͽܣȫ޾ɽŵļලϡ
ȷ֮׷˹ȥ
ͣͣ׷׷ϸϣæ˰ʱӡҪԼͽոʬȴʬ嶼ˡ
磬Ƶ
ɽţ㲻죡
ϽŭһĺǡǸˣ
˭ٺ𣿡
ǴϵĺʲôӰӵ˯ߣѵ֪컹Ҫռս𣿡
ˣ˺ܿȻҪɽžսΪ˭
ԣƺϤʲôط
ףôһ˵ҲˣʮǰϽݵʱһƺһɤӣ͸ղŵƺ񡣡
ӦþǺϽ
ѵǵ۹ɽŲ˳ۣҪ
һʱ䣬Ͻˣ׷۵ص㣬ǺϽɽŵĹϵǵ۹ɽŵĹϵ
ʷϣַɵ¼
ڶܵ۹֮Ҳйַɵ鷢
Ƕܵ۹ÿһַɣҪ൱ۣ޷ɣף
ǵĹ棬ɲ׿Խġ
ڴˣЩ֮䣬кܶϸһ۹ҪĳɣôȻҪԼ档
һ֮ҹԴӺϽһɤӺȥ֮۹ˣˡĵģȻҪ취
ĵˣôҲҪ֪еĻȻôл
ڶһ磡
Υ˯һһһһԽ쿪ʼôͿսˣȥҲûʲôˣ


279 3
һ仰
ȻΪں˵һ˵ĴսؽһٴΣǳʱ䡣
һ˵սǿôҲҪϢġ
һ㶼ҪС£ſԳ׷ֳʤȵĵһ
˵ȫһֲΣǿԴı֡Ϥ˶֪һף˵ˡ
Ȼô˵ˣôȻҪô߿ô
ʰһװɽŵˣһ뿪˼Ժǰ̨ء
ʱΧѾۼ
У̸ţǵ֮ƺǼ飬ûйȥǵ̸ۣҲ˲мֵ鱨
ˣ˵ûУϣʮλԱ£˵½̫ƽʲôˣҪŻ£
ͣ
ֵ̫ˣѵû˵ҹǵǸУǿѾݵĺϽȻˣǽ֮ϵĴɽšԽϵһ¼Եľɽš
ϽѾ𣿡
У㶮ʲôһ壬ԴӶܵ۹֣һֱΪ͡Ŷܵ۹ĳɳ׳󣬺ϼҲ׳ǧҪ˵ϽˣôûȨҳ͢ҹԱҸǣϼǣڵ۹֮ϣҪְһǷôͻһȷѪꡣҺϽҲ鲼۹ڱҪʱҲΪϽӣзġټϺһͻҶףкϵѪͳ˵ܲܺ巢𣿡
ôһ˵Сʤʮ鰡
ǵȻҲ˭
ǸһݣȻǰŵĵӡ
ˣѾȺ֮лţʱ׼ʾԼӢ䡣ȥǵ۹ĳȴϣȥһΧ˺ܶˣһЩ͢¡̣ԸԼµһСУԼıȴɢΧۣץס
ֻϧֵеʱΧѾһƮɢٶ۵ʱ򣬳Ѿȥˡ
һĻı仯ò˵ʵһơǵƶȣҪŵץסֱ졣ò˵һСɣȻھ棬˷ˣܻ֮ãֱһ漣ɣͱˡ
Ȼпп˲ͬ
֮ϵ飬顣Ǹŵ˵йԱ½ȡǺϽˣôȻɽţʱɽţȻ͵㲻ǣķôҲȷʵԣ̽һķӦ˳ѹһɽŵƣϾɽΪǺӣΪԼĳ֣Ѿȶ½۷壬вĴ󶥼źͶܵ۹塣۹Ҫ̽ҲĿŵΪ£ɽźƴһݣһܵ۹ĻңҲٺܴս
ʶţôɽôʵȻСӡͺñȳ棬صһһսôһֱڳΪӦôɽźܿᣬɭϵĵ۶
κһɣصҪ֮ڴ˵۹ңҲóȻҪ׼һʱſԡһε飬ҲȷʵΪ˫һ㰵˪
Դӽ쿪ʼɽźͶܵ۹Ļ֮ϣôˡȻе˻˵ͼලϵˣֻܴһС֣ɽŵˣܴɽš
ʵȻΪһɣһ塣ȱκһ飬ôᱻΪǶɽŵơ
Ծ棬ְλȨôɽΣĴǰ֮£ǶҪվΪɽų
ΪŻɽŲϵ׳󣬴һ۵Сɣչ񣬿ԺͶŶԿ
ɽŵĺǿȻվڼලһߡ
ලϿһЩ۵ˣΧЩʱ̶ɽһУɫʮѿĵ۹Ա佫
ԼලϵȻ֪Ще뷨ʵ۹ʹ֮䣬Ƕ͵жԵġ
ȥһֱల£Ϊܵ۹ұȽټϴҶڰзչûϵĳͻ
ںԣѾı䣬ҷչĶһˣҪͻơôΪͻƣȻҪ͵̣˫֮䣬ȻҪһս
ⷽҶףֻҶû뵽ǰìܣ֮Ƿȱһˡ
ɽšΧеˣڶɽſڸ̨֮ϵıƴҲ뾡ȫһҪʤҪɽŵƣҴȥҪе˶֪ɽŲǺ۸ģһŵӣҲǶԷԿģ𣿡
ලȻЭ̵ĿǴҶףһһԼûа취Υ
ǣ
ף
ͽɽ׷ױ̬Ȼһǰ̨
ڷֿʱסɽɽ֪ΪҲϣʶһҪǣһҵģ˭Ҳߡ

ȻĻ˺ܲˬǽɽȴ֪ԼĲĶ֣ԼЩ֣Լʵ޼ҲĶ֡
Ҫ֪ڵЩĲѡ֮֡⣬ΪߵһˣҲ侳۷壬ûн졣
Ϊ侳ˣǾ֣ԿԽǰʮġɽ侳ڵˮ׼Щ侳˶棬ǰμġı̣ǰʮעġΪһ棬һЩˣһıֶ֮⣬˵ʵѾعˡ
˴ﶼ֪ЩˣԼľУЩ˲ԼĶ֣ЩһսʤԼ
ȻǿսʤԼ֮еһ
ǽɽЦһĬȻĵͷڹȥŵһʵĵһڵڶˣһȣҲʮǧ
񵹺ãԼ˼ǰ͸һСһȫûκεǲడ
Լʶ࣬ôҪ׷ϣҲǳѡ
֮⣬ˣ㲻еˡֱǽŵĹӣȪŵСʹŵС
֮⣬ĸ˵Ϊ޼ʩչƣҲֻܺǴһƽ֣ĸ˷ֱǡ
һٽܣÿһˣǽɽΪԼֵˡֱӣֱӽԼսʤսʤɶԿһһ˵˳ЩôɽͺӦԶˡ
ɽһӺܲףϣ㲻ҪȥսӦԼս츳ϣ˵Щɵеˣ䣬ʵȻصɽ֮󣬺ú
ˣ֮Ժͽɽ˵ô࣬ΪȥȽԵʵϽɽܼɽţȫΪΪ
ʱǴϣһЩӵۿʱ򣬽ɽʱһۿ˽ɽ֪һֻҪԼúƱؿԳɳ
ֻϧûʱͷϻͯˣȻϣԺúûȥ
һԼͱǺӵսôɽŵ˲ţȻҪʱԼʤˣôҲҪŬһ󡣶ɽǱǺһĵӣֲȫԼúʱӰ౱һˣҲһ㡣
ˣ
ɽ΢е㲻ģջĮȻ
ĻͲڴֱӽԼĸ̨ˡɽҲûͣһ˼ţһ߻صԼĸ̨
֣ȴвˣ֮ĶԻЩΪһʼûԼ˵ԴҶ
˺ÿ
ҪǴ侳죬һ·ͻƣ侳죬ôҲô񡣡
ǲ԰˵ŵĹӣ񹦴ͻ侳Ҳ룬ʱһ侳죬һ侳죬ôҲûл۵ġҹӣõ˽ŵĳǽŵķȻСӡʱû׼ᱻŵ˴Ҳ˵
ѣǸļһҲһԼĵ̡ҪȻҲᣬڸ̨֮£ɽΣҶɽٳɹҪ֪ǵöĻۣſˣΪֹҿɴû˵˭һҹ֮䣬ɽΣʵ̫ˣ˵ĻȻеġ
еҲӦеˡ
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Ҫһϣһսֱӷֳʤ۾ɨˣʣµһˡ


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ȥսʤǾʮ˿

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УҵʱܱǲץʩչľУôҵһᣬҵʱ䵽֮ҾͲǻᣬͳͳɨȥյʤ֮ս

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ǣʹעĵһѡʦܣҪˡ
Уʹƨһһҽ˵ġ

ŲƵЩˣȻ֣ǸŵˣŪûԼһδȵģһԼҪһ¡
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282 6
Ϊһ
ôҪһᣬٿ
һҲһڵĲ٣˸ڲ顣
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285 9
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ҲòϣһεĴвԼдæɣҲ⣬һЩ
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Ǽ֤һ漣һ˷漣Ȼ֮ϣɽ٣侳죬侳죬ʵ̫ˡ
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ӣѾˡ֪ǰǺӣһǰ㣬ƾճڴҵ棬ʱĳ֣Ǿ֮ţǷľ磬񶼿⣬ΪһøףһԼΪʥ侳ĺøףһһʥ侳ʦ֧֣ôҪչܡΪӣ˼飬͸Ĵ½ӣһԸıʱˡ
ʣһбǺôãһ㣬ȴǿԿ϶ģǾʣһЩͨˣҪ౶Щνţνǰôһ׸ֻбǺ֮ӣſѹһͷƿ棬ҿƺʥӣӵС
ʥӣʥӣʥӡƺܺãԺǳƺʥӳƺɣֻϧͬһɣǿԿµһĲû⡣
ҲһһҲģϾˣ֤ԼԽǺӣȻһսǴңʱ̹עǵϢĴսһ죬һȥλãȻùۿɣ
Ҳԣһɽݶ֮ȷʵҪֳһʤֻϧӮʥӮôɽ˵һϵеĶ֪ɽŵˣӦûξǷҪǰһЩţ
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Ҳпܣӣû֪ʲôطڸʲô֮ôһжǲ²⣬ɽţһලٴˣӣҲһԶ֣Ͼϣɽŵĵӡ
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۹ľٶǺܵõģжĵڶ죬۹ͻָյİŽᣬû˼ҵҲûоҵΪҶĬģ˰н֮СΣȫ֮Ⱥ˾ľ;һȻǰ˼ԺԴɽţıԴĲѡ֡
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292 ʹҹ1
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293 ʹҹ2
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294 ʹҹ3
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295 ʹҹ4
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296 ʹҹ5
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ЩˣϺԼϵҲĬһǷֿ԰⵹ԼԼĵλӵԼȨôǾԲᣬŹѵĻᡣ
һҲȣÿһˣÿһָԼֵˡҪЩ˵òȽһһı
ȴĪ˰죬ﻰ²۳֮
ȻܵƺһҲûУǷ׷ױͣΪϾ˵ʹΪµˡ
ǱˣҲụ̂ԸǡϾղ²ԼˣһЩʵȨˣҪͼ֮
һɤӣҪԱǺǰֶս飬һ򵥵ķڷ棬˵ӱǺӵĻ棬ǿԷǺӵԸԼ磬ǽ˵Ƿǳõġ
ҵܽᣬǺ˰һ˫κһ˶ͬʱһԸˣŸһˣǽŷֶ档һˣúûᣬһһԽɱһʲôӣʲôţʲôΪȥʱ
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ҶϿԼķǱǺӼĻ棬ǿԵóһۣ飬ɽŵıܺɽŵĸ߲㣬һϵûС
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ȻһУܽһУôҾͽһԴĹھ֮λøǣκһзԵ뷨


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Լص󣬶صӡǣ֮У߽ʵ
һţһ񱩵ˡ
һ֣ʹʤµһԼԡ
һУҪһУеˣвμԴˣڹÿһÿһʱ֮Уûз
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˵һʱˣȷʵһţȻͼɭȥѰʥĺۼˣôڸʮ꣬ԶԽʥ侳ôһ֮䣬ضᱬõĻ𻨡
ϧ˲Уһˡһ˵ˣҲĳɾͣ·زۣô½Ǹ֮ӵײˡ
񰵳ӿ˭ҲŪ׼ƣһţҲϡϾŵһϵİ𡣡
˵Ҳ֣ҼǸ˥Уȥ츳һֱզأ֪զ£ͻȻԴӿˣȻ֮ڣͻ磬ΪѾﵽ侳졣
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̫Դ˱Ǻӡ
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𣿡Ǻӵ壬ֱӴӽ䵭ɴӽ洫ݳȥҪɱңôҲҪչֳԼı£ֻа׵ˣ
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ȻǷʱϵĴ֣Ѿɽˡ
˵Ǻһڣȥģʽȫȣɴ˿ɼȷʵȽӦԣһεս

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ǺӣӦһ
űǺӵһһһһϷ˼˺ܶ⡣
ЩǺȷʵǱ۵ĶӣΪкܶƵĵطǲĥʵ
Ƕһͬ㣬Ǿϲ㽶
֣ǺһЩϢ˼ӵУ˵Ĵ½֮ڣкĴڡ
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ȻۣӦʥ侳۷ˣſȻڵıǺӣѾˡ
Ȼĺкܶ־٣ֻڼҪ֮У̲һ֡һֺͿͬһζ޵С˫ûйԼôûа취˽ôܡĳ˵Ҫлһļһ
εҡҡͷǺӵԸȷʵһԸ񣬲ܣһԲҪ۷壬ûпܡ
ţԼԿ׷ȥԽΪڵĴѾ˸룬ΪٶһȱǺӿ죬ҴĺĺǱĴĺҪ󣬻Ҫá
ʱţ˫Ĳһὥͣû⣬ֻǾվһԡ
ΪҲȥԣԼ֣ǵжôĲࡣ
ȻûȤһ˵ֿǺӣǾԻ֮أڵȣڵĸˣһ𷢹ʱټС
ֻſԽΣա
ʱǺӣѾĸˣĸϣҿڲԪ
˵ҲǱǺһξĶսΪĸˣԽսһΪͨ侳ˣĸĶ֡
ϧǺ֮ӣһͨˣκ飬ûоԣû顣ĸϣǺӵ֣ʼĻɫıĳɫȻҲһĲɽˣǼӴ
ϵɽĸˣҲڶϵ֣апࡣΪǵΪԼ˽⣬֪Լôĳ
ҲףԼ޵ģʩչԪѾСˡʩչôʤˣҲҪڵϴϢû
ĸ޿޵ֿˣΧԹߣ׷
˵ǸŵĵӣǶôŵļһȻһˣǺʮغϣ
ҿСˣһˣҵõʾƺǺȥţս˼ң˼Ҵ˲Ŷԡ
ʲôǺӻᱻܣ
ǿЦ㿴ϵ֣ΪԱ˴𣿡
ǣŵ飬˽һҵõ鱨ʾƺǺӹȥ֮󣬾˽ֿڵֿ֮УǺʮУջɱǸμԴĵӡ
ţ𰸻ǱȽϿ׵ģŻȫΪҵõ鱨֮ʾǱǺһˣսŵŵӣսʮ˻غϣսǸŵӣʩչͬھҪͱǺͬھûгɹԼǺΪһˡ
Ŷô˵ĻǸŻ㲻
ţƵһɣȻǷӡҵĺӣ޷붥ɣôҾͽš
˵ЩɣƺܲĸɵŵһѾ˵֮Ӷ֣ǲ̫ˡ
һзʤıȶʮغϵսһвʲôҲʲôϸۿͻᷢ˫ʩչĴУĿֲѾ㹻ɱκһ侳ʦһ£һ侳ĸ֣ԿһɵһʵȨϣھ֮ȶϽڳ֮ϣһƷԱһ뺷ˣԱʱɱǰˣѾµʲôز֪
ôһ˵ҲˡϵĴУǵϵĴУκοԽܵģͬһĵ棬û˿ԵֿǵĴСһЩϣҲûа취
ЩɣûһӣÿһԼĵ֮ϣԷֵӢ̫̫ˣԾԲǿġ
ˡǷûУһɽţǸʥӣƺһԾԾԵӣƺҲסˡ
ţҲˣò˵ҹ֡
꣬ǿǱߣ۹ҵˡ
۹ҵ֮У֪һγʲôŵӣɷǰ
Ȼǿ۹λõʱ򣬵۹֮Уһ˳Żʵ۱һ񣬵ʣҪȥԱǺӵʵǿᵽʲôزȻԳӡ
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ԭ죬ӦôĵطЩӣӦվڵϣվϣǺӲС
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ʱ֮ϵıǺӣҲ˫ۣɢž⣬ʦܣɽŵĵӣȥұʾңôҾͿ㣬֮


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۱֣ȱǺӴһ
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303 VSǺӣ3
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ΪʲôҿԪ
ģ֮ӱǺӣͷųһ˿Ԫˡ±ǺӵĴУһ޽еӡҵĸɲҹǺսˣûһˣԽĴС
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304 VSǺӣ4
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306 VSǺӣ6
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ĳֺзִ磬ȿԽܣֲöԷŭ
ڱϣҲĺܺãΧĹڣȥΪǺ̫ߵ

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ȻʱһԵĿӿȥˣֱͱǺӵս֮У֮󣬵ҿҲˣ֮Ĵ򶷣ӦûбҪڼȥˣΪأ
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һΣоѹҪ֪дԴӷϻ֮ͯ󣬻Ĵûй˴ѹ
ͱǺӣת۾ӴһľͣȻԲµİ˾ŲʮҲ𴩡
ڳе˶ţŵĸšǰҲ˵ţ֪ŵĴڡ
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ڵĴ˵֮Уܶ˶˵Ĵ½һԴһ˳Ե硣ʵϣǸ֪Ĵ½ǰһ֮֡ءطԪϡҲʺʦĳɳ
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ʵҪɵʵǻ壬Ҫ顣
Ȼͬʱħˣȥ£һΣŴ½ңȡԼ档
˵ǶصˡǵԴͷʵǵЩ˵ĺᡣĴ½֮ΪӦԲŴħһ;ֻϧǵĺûйãͱĴ۷֣ҽ
ҲħеķŭͲԴͷһΣǵõ֮Уٶ˳֣һ˱ӿ
ǺڣǻǣûʲôΪ
ڶ춯ɣΪҹĵѾ΢ࡣ


309 ɽ
ڶû߳š
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ûбչصˣȻ֪ܶϢһϢǾǵ۹߹½Ůˡ
˼ԺڼԺ仧
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ݣһʦ־˵Ӧã˳ӻʵ۱µѡ񣬶ͬ޸ҲŶԡ
ָһţڳȥôҿͬ⣬ܻʵ۱µĴͻ飬ʱãҺãҺãֶΪأ
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ǽ죬ʱ˿̣ڸ˵ⷬΪ𣿡Цһѩ籽ĵ綼֪ұʴͻ㡣ѾôˣͻΪѾŮˣôΪȥ𣿡
ô˵ûˡףİԣԶǴĶλ߹ʱ򣬴ҾͶ
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˭ΪǸأ
ǵҲǣЩΪ̫ͣҲֻܣȥ¥ʲôС죬С䣬һ֮ˡ

ǵеΡѩ籵ɫҲе㲻ȻǵΪߣȻԿЩ˵Ľ̸
û⣬߹ҲһƢˣЦЦû˵ʲôලһпʵǺġĲͬ⣬߹ôҲȴ
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ĳЩʱ򣬲Ҫ˵̫࣬׾ͺáҪʱ䣬ʱҪԪѻԼӵ߹ôͿԵõ۹һЩ˵ǺҪġ
˵һεĽףԿˣ߹ҲΪʲôһ棬ԼѡǷȥԭ
߹ܴϻۣӦͿǵ⣬ֻûΪԼ̫ࡣò˵һŮкܡ
ලϺһڲˮȻվԪȥһʱ䣬˫ĲǺ죬Ƕɽŵˣϣ֮ȥŬչ׳󾩶ķֶ棬ɽţԼھ
ɷģһġ
ԪҲףȥɵˡǱۣǱǺӵ߹ôͺɺɲһϵˡ
ˣʱΪϵ棬һ޷صĵزѾûеѡˡ
ȻѾˣôֻһߵڡ
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ලϿӣֻҪһЩȻֶţִºͳϣ򵥷Ըһ
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һλȥˣʱҪࡣʱֻǾŸѡ֣Լලϡ
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312 
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313 һ
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߹Ļüͷһ壬ôѵ˽ʲôĻɣ
Ҳֻ̫Ҹ˵һʱ䣬һˣ䱦׼һҡ
ʲôˣӵɻ󣬰˵һˣôϧıȻǮ¶ԡȻΪ˽Ǯ䱦͹Źˡ
һˣûʵôҲ޷ӵ֮䱦
Ͼ½֮ϣкܶǲġ
ֻҪ֤ʵУôͻȥʬɡ
Ҳֻ˵һ˵һѱҪֶһǮ˵ʮ֮ͻȥߵһǣһ½֮ᣬʱ˶ҪȥҸǰһõ鱨˵棬һ֣ж԰ͻ侳ʥ侳Դ½֮ϵʦҲˣһ嶼׼Ҫȥμأ
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ǵıͣȻһľ鳣ʮڵһΣ

ʮڵڶΣ
ģ֪ҲôҶǮһ衣
ɺްղŻڣֻʣʮĸڣ޷ˡ
ˣԵˡ
ߣ϶ҼסǸŮӵòȥʲôطţʱȥ
һʱ䣬棬Ʊ䶯˶Ħȭơ
ʮڵΣ
ûľ鳣Ļ
еƷѾһա߹ӰվȻֱۣ߰ɣȥ衣
ʹߣҪһֱȥˡЦһһ±ӵڵĻ룬һҪĴۣܱ㲻ַ֪߹£ǲӦȽһ£ְصĻʹأ
Ҫʲôأ߹ƲһǰȥȻҲֻ֪ڿЦ
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ࣣ
һСǺܿ߹Ϻϼ׷ɵĵڿ˰ɣ


314 ɱ
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ȱٽǮȱٸָҩ߲Ʒ
һ㣬ϣͿ˽⵽
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Ǹնͷסǵ·ֻԭأΪһ׵ĸ


315 ɽ

һɹŵĵӣȫڵϣһ⣬ȫ
µ֮ϵˣȻһȭ䴩ؿڵ࣬׼ȷ뺷Ĺʽʵҡ
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ãɽӣ
׷ʲô飬ȻҪɽӣ
ߣȥ׷ʲô顣

ţۣţӢǺĵӡͨͨǰһʱɽ֮ϣضɽŵӡ
Щɽŵĵӣһء
Ϊ֪ɽԴӴһֻΣɽӵΣɽӵɽپ޴仯ʱ򣬲Żġһ죬Ǽǰʣʧ룬Ż졣룬֮һ측ӡ
ڵݣûȡӢƣԻǾӢӡӪŵӪ
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վһȻע⣬Ȼû˸ۣҲû˸硣
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ļʶȻ֪߹ԼΧ忴ɢǡ
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εʼ磬ҲһʵĵҲûжãеĵλ̫ߡȻ֪Ϊʲôɽˡ
۵ʱһŴñӵˣһȺͬӢˣ֮һ䡣
ˡ
찡ҾȻһ漣ʮ꣬ǵһμأ


316 ʥս
ʱ꣬һμɽŵ
Уипġ
ʵȥҲʵ̫߰ˡʦ֮⣬˹ϵʵʮֶӡΨһ˵ϻˣǸͽǺӡ
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һжֻأʲô鶼Ըı䡣
һΣҪһڹһˣڶһˣĸ߰С
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ȻΪ̫̫ͻȴһ֣ɽŴһɣֳΪһĴ
ΪѹʴĲʧȥһӴôڵɽţǻңҲ
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೤ϣҲǸпѡ
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֣ƽϢһ˵ĺХλƣֻأ˼ĳ̬
գɽŵ೤ϣʩչһԸ֮ͨأ汾ԴƲɽŵδ˥
һεƲ֮УǣɽűؽˡһٶȡµһɵĻᡣ̣ضɽŷչ
ԭ˭ǲڲ֮ǰɽţһֽɽ֮ϣȻһδģϮɱһΣϮɱɽŵˣȻǽǺɹŵ֡
ͨǵĵ顣ǰĴʱ䣬ʵҲΪźɹŵ֣ʩչһЩֽţŻŪϹ졣
ϣɽŶôҪŴҶΪҪΪϸɱһеңıϵˡ
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ܣ
ܣһҪɵɹȺ顣
ģԭϣȻǱĳġ֪ˣǰһɹŵĵӣӾӦýǴж˿顣

һʱ֮䣬ɽŷˡ
еɽŵӶŭˣɹǡ
Ⱥ鼤ܵµӣ֪ԼһμѾ˳ɡ˺һıۣǰһߡ
ǰһԣյλʦƽʱĬԣԱû˿ԷϣɽŵĹͺҵһƽ޹ʵһҪΪ𡣡
Ϊˣұӽ쿪ʼóһʥ鵤һ鵤һּԪһֻԪһרŽ͸Щɽйĵӡ
鵤ʥ鵤лԪ
Щҩɶǵҩ֮еʥƷ
ܵõЩҩˣⶼͻһ磬ߵľ硣һʱ䣬˵Ķˡ
˵ĻһʯĻ
ô۵Ļ˷ܼҩǳ׷
ȻȺ֮е߹һüͷǻҵĹ涨ƺһ֮ʥս뾭ٸǲԾ֮սġҴû˵ǻͬɽľ
ͷΪҲɽžûұΪҲ֪ڵʱˡ
ѾǹȥĺƽԴӽ쿪ʼ½÷Ʈҡֻڵʱе㲻ͷ
ǹͷΪʲôɽҪһͷأ
Уضʲôܣġ
ֻǶԣǴսҲ޷жϡ
֪ɽѾһ·һߴˣôɽžͳҪˡǼȻǺӺͱۣͬˣôǱضѾһİա
֣ѹһΪһεս֮Ϊʥս


317 
ʥս
УĬĬ߶һ䡣
۰㵽ıʲôΪʲôܸоԽԽ޷㿴͸أ
һӣţƵıۣϵ˼
ȥһգ
ֻ֪ͻƣͻƣûʱȥ⣬顣ϻͯˣô򵥣Ҫ෽棬෽λ˼
ֻſԻľãſȥɺܶ࣬ԼҪɵ顣ֻܵ˼ҵǰ䣬һ䡣
ʱվԵ߹ɫ
ԼС죬ĵѵڱݸҿΪɽţν

ûдĹ۲죬߹ϵԼܿ۾һˣɽǴʥսĿںţҪΪȡɹźͽŵĵ̣
ҪĶʵӦɹźͽĵشǸصĶŶԡ߹ȻʣһȻı飬ԣһ
ιι㵽˵ʲô
ԼܱһˣһôãȻûһС￴ףе㱯
Ҳף߹ڵ֮ң˴Сϰıƣϰƺͼթҵ۹ֹ½ӵӴ鱨磬кܶ飬һЩɿ֪ܲǵ۹һ֪
ߡңҾ͸㣡
߹һС꣬۾ƻ֮һ
ǻɣ
˵κһϢԼָȥΪɵ۵˸ҪοȥһС޷ȥ
УҾ֪ˡ
߹һС죬ȻЭĵʵһʼҲûвµǵҽɹźͽһʱ򣬲ŻȻʡ
ΪɽŵĵӣҲ֪ɽѹʴϣȥΪôºǿǿôܻᱻɹźͽŵ˸οʱɵĴв룬͸ӵĲˡ
Ҳ²⣬ɽŵĸ߲㣬֮ԻֻѹʵΪӣһս
Ҫףһ֮ս˵һǧ˰١ɽŵĸ߲㣬Ȼ벻ףΪʲôҪأ
뿪ʱڸ׵鷿֮Уһۡ߹һģһͼɹźͽŵĽ֮ءصݣɹźͽܷһϹ˵ĶѨҪΪǵ˽вƷܽпɡ
߹ĻҲ΢һ㡣
νϹţʵĴһǧꡣ
һǧ꣬Ĵ½ʱΪЧӦҲΪĴڣԵʱˣһͼǿһ񻰡
ȻҲ޷赲ʱţնΪһѻ
һЩ֣ҲԼıԼĺˣԵ˵õЩǷһصĶ棬ҲνϹŶ
Ϲ֮йźͽʱ
⼸ʱ䣬Ĵ½˲űȻйźͽţϹʱǿ߶ࡣйźͽŵĸ֣кܶ඼ϹŸֵĴˣǵõϹŸֵĶ֮󣬲Żưһʱ
ϹŶܵõһôзǳߵļֵ
ȻϹŶҲֳŵȡеϹŶôߵļֵ߹˵ټϱ۵˵ķӦôǸϹŶļֵһǳߡǵԣԲððȻȻķʥս
ʵҲ֪һܣǾɽŵĵһʵҲΪϹʱǿߵĺˡɽŸʵһӴϹŶֻɽŵܣɽŵ쵼ģ˸޷֪
ͬģ޷֪ɽŵܡ
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֪ڽźɹţһֱɽŲԸɽŵĵӾҲãҲãٽɹźͽŵĵ
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뵽ɵýĿ⣬·ڱ۵ϡ
۲ʱ򣬱ʵҲڹ۲Ա۵ΪȻԺɣܷѰҵټ
ǸԵʥӣǸԶԿǺӵˣȻҪ۲ˡͬ۲ˣʵеɽ
ֻɽĿ⣬΢Եе㸴ˡΪලϻ֮󣬾͸飬ʱû¾
ǡһԱߵıۣһһεʥսɹôһĵӣһӵǿ󣬶һȨࡣôԼδִɣͻɸ鷳ԼһЩ顣ԼҲ¾Ŭȡı䣬ǰʱˡֻǸʥһʲôˣǷҲҰأ
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ֻ߱Ķ֣һһɱ
ɽŵѪֻʣôһ֧ĸףҲĺͱ۵ʦһϲŮɫˡ
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ûֹΪ֪ǺӵĿºǱԱǺӵôΪӢԿġ
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ʲôһӢӣǰһָԼѵ㻹Ҫѵһٲɣ
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ȺЦǺǵˣ֪һԼ鷳ˣʱε̾Ϣһ
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ֻջʱһֱûлҲûЩӢӣûзǰһĻ
ԼոһǾò˵Ⱥ۵Ĺӣĺΰ
Сӣ˵ܿ񰡣
Ȼſ˴½һſĳƺš˵˳֮ΪʥӣҪұǺӴ翹⡣ҿ㣬ֱǷˣߴȱһԲ˲񡣡
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ʦ˵̫ˣǸƨСӹҼҾơ

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ԶԶЩѡ֣ЩҲǰЩǿһٱ
ǣ汱Ǻӱ

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㡭ʲô㣿һĲмǰһָǵȻսңôҸǣʲô޷ȺΨд߲ʦ
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οලϵˣһû׼Ѿͼලϣĳϵ򣬵ʱԼͻӵȶ
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ȻĸǸԸ֮뿪ɽڵصĳϡȻɺϣԼĿء
ǰټλȻıԶǡλֲֻᣬȷʵϵķ緶һԺȱǺһ̡ЩѵС㣬˴ţϾŵġ
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318 
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һ֣һߵľơ
ģ⵽һʲôˣ
꣬Ųʮ꣬һΪͳԽˣλ죿
ˣȥֱӿĨԲˡ
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ྫӢǿʽĹ֮£Сéݶһɶ
һʱ䣬ոջصŵӣ׷״Լé߳סķһѡ
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յʱĸϣѾƮȻ䣬ԣ̸һˣеҪѯ㡣


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ߣϵλ˵飬ֻҪһӣһͶǸ޴

ۻӻ֣ǵ۵ֻҪҳ֣ôҾ;ԲֵģϾʦĶӣҲɽŵһĺˡ
Ȼô˵ʵ۵ȴ˼һ⡣
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Χĳϣƺû˼ǽˣǷ׷վȥ
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ÿһɽŵĵӣԼ֮󣬿档
ÿܽˣļλ
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320 ܾ
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㣬ǽ
ĸϣ׶ʧˣתҿСӣˡ
ģТ˳ȣɽ֮飬˿ûбӰ죬෴ϺܿĵĵɽţھҪӢš
ܿģΪضΪɽδĻʯ
ΪТ˳ΪģΪһ϶ĳЩ飬;Բı䡣һԸ񣬾עһɽŰһôͻΪɽŵʢһ
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ʵղţһڴӦôǻһЩ档ǰҲģ᲻ϧһֶΣķչ
һˣʵκвҪء
˵Ҫһ˼ˣڵҪһЩĹԸĺվɽű֮ϵˡ

ĸ˵ʲôǼгӣʱԼʣȫѹԼĿڡ
һϿҵĵҷʦԸɽţô͵ڳΪԼݺ͵λҽһɽŰһλɷġԺʲôˣҪ뿪ɽţҶԴǾܾ
ãһϴʾܾ
ϲԼĴȣȻһصĵһϣܰҵ¡һԭΪලϣҵǰƼ㣬ϣܶļ棬ҶҲһ˽⣬Ը⣬Ҹ˵֣һЩҲϣף֮еԴҪܶܵȻͲ̫ࡣ
׵ġе
ʵҲһЩ취ɶһЩԴġһȤ


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Եа취ԼµɿԸԼṩʣ֧
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ȻǽԣҲһԾŶĵͷȻһҲҪףκ֮£еڱʵҲһС˽ģϣܴӦһæ
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ܶǰɽϵʱҲġǸʱһȺˣϵŬϵķܶΪһ졣ǡͣһ£ȻĵϣѾ䡣ɽŵĸ֣һʱĿȱΪҵĹɳţѰʱʧأŪɵĸ߲㣬˶Ϻۡ
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һԻΪʲôҪ˵ô࣬𣿡
ͷ̼Ȼаգסۣ֮ͣڵĶҡȴ޷취ĶӱǺӡ˵ѾͱǺֵúܲ졣
һһѾˣǺӵԸעദǢ츳ָһȣܵǵԼΪˣϣܰҸæǰǣסǺӣʲôɽŵ顣
֪صˡ
һģڵȴԼĻش̾ϢһվģֻҪǺӸɳʲôɽŵ飬ұضһߵء
Ǿͺã
۾һΪȵľ仰
һ仰ôԸ񣬽ǺһҪλضֹʱǣƱǺӣôԼͿԴӦԱˡ
˼һ󣬲̧ͷල˵پʱ򣬽֮ϵ󷨣Ѿ侳죬֪٣
֮ϣҽһ˵һڴ½ӢӴ֮ϣϼܵΣҵΪѾȴﵽ侳졣
ôԼжϣʲôʱ򣬿ͻƽ侳һ죿
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һ𣿡
ڿ˼ȦȻһԼĸ
ĸſߣһᡣ
Ƭ֮½Ŀ⣬ϵȻˣڿʼҿԸ˵壬һԴһ֮ڣͻƵ侳ôҾ̸֤ӶɳŵͨʱͿԣڵ֮ڵˡ
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仰ͷˡ
Դһ飬һΣǺӵ˸İա
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⡭
ˣֻҪͻƣôɽ֮οõĽɽűضɹţһѪսӱǺδ飬ֻʥһ֮ڣôͱ
ðɣֽǸװʵĿռָԼС
ĶοĵͷȻһ֡
վֵĸϣǰһһơȻ׼ͿˣҲûмֱӸڳϵˣȻ뿪
뿪֮ڲ߳һˣһȻĵ츳ǱϾ̫ҿһλʱ䣬ѾԶˡûйƴһʥսԴּ֮ʱˡ
ҵȻףҲŽЩ꣬ܵʣȫ͸ϣһ˵գȻĺ촽֮һڵ㰲ŵ飬㴦ôˣ
ţѾĸ֮ģɽһûʲôˣ֪ǵĲ֮ءĵͷͷİɣ


322 ӣϣ
߳Լûȥˡ
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ȻģҲעĵطȻȥסɽ塣
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ԼһҰο֮
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ܿһ棬ŽƵĶǰ档
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ܿһ·Եĺλãֻһʦ֣㿴Ҵˣܸоһеĸо


323 ӣУ
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ŷ͸оһˣ۳ߵķݽһǷ˫һӣǸһߡ
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һ䱸֮ģҲӴɢ
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֪棬ֻһЩϹŸ֣Żʱãϣٳ죬һЩ
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Ȼˣôȥˡڰ֣ʾ˳뿪ˡ


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Ͼ̫Ϥһţá֪еӵĿ֮Уô
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⡭
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ҡҡͷֱӷ˳Ҫ˵⣬ʦô˵ʦܶԵҴڿʼҵʦˣ˭ҲԴע⣬ϣԽ仰ȥҸɽ֮ϵȺϼһ
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һ۷Ȼ֣ʦܣڿʼԵһˣϣܿɳʦĵز


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326 СϢ£
ӣһøǡϷǰɽ壬Եϣ֮ڵһ䣬Ҫøһ˾ס
¶֪ԼļֵԼϢͨȲһеϢȫ͸©ȥԼͻʧȥֵ
͸©ϢʱԼҲҪ취Լļֵ󻯣ԷԼ
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ߣҿһӹˣԲѡ񡣡ȻвˣǸᣬڳͿʼë
ĻΧĵӣһоѡ
ʱ˿̣ǲŸоӶô޷졣ͬʱҲڿǣ֪Ϣ˴أ
ôһʱ䣬ضѡԶӣȴ粨ȥڳ߶
˵һʲôȻûע⵽˵ı飬Űָų¶ܡ
¶ѹеľСĵڶ㣬Ҹͳ鱨˵ƺԵһĹϵرǺϣܿʥһЩ岻ĹϵΪҵѸңһʥ֮סԵΪ֧ԲͬġΪĸ˳һ²Ҫìܡ
֣ӵ۾棬ʱӡ
ڶ׵ʱҲףȥ۰١ڰٵʱһμ棬գġ
ģֲǸΪӵô졣һǹǸɧҵõԵ֧֣ԲŻ٣ʥӵĳƺš
ߣǼ壬֧Ŵ֮áôǼԴҲ׷ΪȣʱҲܶʥӵĳƺš
һȻСݣ;סɽ壬ֱǲ
һ̣ŭˣǲԵŭ
ӻӣתų¶ڸһ͹ϵҶʮСʱһʲôϢʲôѱ͸ҡס̣ʲôʱ䣬ʲôص㣬ֻҪϢͿԡ

Ӹ¶һƣдű֡
ƣ֮ڣɽԺ޼ɣûκһˣӣΪ㡣
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327 ̥
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һ֣йӣԸղŽץţʵ̫ˣӦ֪ôɣ
Ȼǻµġ
ģһúôġ
ߣţɴһÿġ

ǵı飬¶֪ţһܱ磬ܱҡǡֺԼʲôϵأ
¶ЦЦȻҲתȥ뿪ķԺͶȥĵطһ·
ϾĸĸﲻͶӾסһĵز
ߺȺͷˣһֱȻһۣаЦһţȥĵط׷ȥ
Ȼţˡ
ţ֪ԼϾҪ⵽徵ŰڵӱܺͶ¶鷳

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Լķ֮󣬳¶Χһ󷨡ȻŷߵԣȻûһ¡
ûǸ˲ѿ©һڶ
һ¶߽ڶ֮С
ڶʱָֻյӣͺʲô飬ûзһ
ڰ֮Уôһҫǰ·
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棬һˣ̧ͷ棬Ҳ֪˼ʲô
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һֶӣǸ˲ŷԼͷ­ҿǸ˵ӵĻضᾪȡ
ΪǸˣȻ˳´ϣǸĸȻڣȴ¶ոռ뱱Ҷµˣܵ磬һţܡ
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ʱ˳˳¶Ҳϵĸ¶鱨ó¶ɢ鱨ͬʱ취Щ鱨ȥӽӡ
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ۼһϣǵӶºʹ顣Ǿ£һȻɢһ޷ƥеϢ
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328 Ĺ
񻰣һֱɽš
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Դ˷Ҳûʲô뷨
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ԴûԼǵ̸һһ߸˷εҡҡͷӴ֮ٹ顣
ֹ˼죬һչء
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Ȼ죬ҩͻƣ侳졣ôƾͻƵ侳죬ΪʲôһҪͣͲǰأ
뷨̻йϣܿԺ渡֣һǣǿͻƣΥھΪΪһ¥޲ھ


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ܿҵˣһЩܡ
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ο죬Ĺ͸ϼѡǻ۲дĻ˼άʶ
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ʱ߹վԼСݣϵľףһ䣬죬֪۸Ȼ׺ݣԵ׽١


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ǰҪܽ׷֣õһɵķôҶɽٶˡ
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331 
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ĶԼѡվһĵĵʦ֣㿴СʦܣǷֵܵס
ʦãӵʦѪôضǷˡҪҪ㹻ΣֻſԳɳһصʦͺʦһô˵ʵͬе㵣ġ
Ҫοֻ񣬲Ų
Բ֪Ϊʲôܸоôɣһ׼׼ʲôҲ̫
οʦãҶ濴ôܳأ
΢΢һЦȻֻһ̧֣һصķ򣬵һ֣ɫʱ˲١
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ˣһҪݺݵĽѵһ٣Ͳ֪ҪȻԺ󱾹޸ôȨ𣿡߹޺޵š
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ܣֱٵĸоΪ֪׵̺֮׵֮֮ɵôΪضٽһ
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飬ƵѹڡȻ޷赲壬Ϊ񣬾ס
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һ侳ˣȻҳ֮У࿹⣬𣿡
ǲˣֻ֪̫뺷ˣҪΪҵż񡣡
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ʱѾ֮УǴΣƣϣ֮Удգصͭ飬ֵƵѹ壬ĹһžžͺҪһ
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332 侳һ
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λҪţϱϾֻ̫Ǹ³Ĺâһ̫ǿĹâû̫ôȣֵķΧҲޡ
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⻹ǸոͻƵ𣿡
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ˣ˱˰һڣЩյţиԾˡ
ղŵľٶҺȻڴһκӼҵײ
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ڸղֵʱҲбȻһ¡
ǽܲҵڵֺʵֻʮ֮һĳ̶ȡҲ˵ոͻϵӵеͬոͻƲã½һ߹ʮ
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һվŵˣһĿɿڴΪʱ߹㾭ˣȻ˾޺ͳԣ½һŮȻ鴫
ܶӣ̾ϢΪ֪߹ǣֻϣǸҫ۵ˡ
ʱϵĽ⡣Ȼ֮Уóһ·Լڸϡ
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·ֱȥǸƽ棬ûʲôرˡռС鲽Ȼ»صԵڵ֮ͷлʦֺʦ㣬ղŰػʮָл
֪ͻƵʱмɱǷ֣ˡ


333 뿪ǰС
лͷתȥһۣվڱˣİĳϡ
ţǸʱƹְܴλʱɽ沢ûУˡȻʧ֮󣬱ۻ߱Ǻˡ
ҸղԼͻƵʱϣɢɱҲŨ񡣿֪˱ضʲôࡣ
пܵĻԼһҪ֣նɱ
ƺܵĿͲվڱϣͬһʱ䣬ӱǿ棬ɢһߡ
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ǵӣվԵķɵ۾ԣʦܣòҰ֣Ǽȫɱ
Ҫҡҡͷ˵⼸ȫ֡ΪǶĵˣֻԼɳ
ο˼ʮ꣬ûʲô˰æȫûбҪ
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һԵ񣬿һĻǰСʦܣΪոͻƣҪһʱȹ̡侳һ죬Ǽ˵ĲࡣڵɲǵĶ֡
Ҫ˵ʲôֵ֪ڵʲôǸȫԷģɽţʦֵΪȻ籱ʦҪնɱĳϣҲû˵
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ոɽ˵߹Լͬһ죬Ҳͻƣͬﵽ侳һ죬Լķ棬Ŭﵽ侳һ۷ˮ׼ʱ֮ڲԳء
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ڵڶ죬һϢǾǵһǰɽŵĳȣµˣһǰ
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ĸ˵ΪǲиڳԵŮΪߣѾﵽ侳졣
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ı֤ڿԷˡ
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һֹȥС£ڵõ߹صϢһۻڶĳȵˣֲһ磬Ȼת뿪ȥ


334 鱨
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㣬Ҳ֮еִ£һɵĻɵִԽ࣬һ˵Խӵͷ١
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߹ӣڵʵһطˣһжͨƽƺûʲôرĵطǵȥ֮һλǸȥϤĵطͻ֣ᷢʵܹŹ֣ȫԼȥ
Ǵ»صɽ֮ĵһоǷֻˣûиĹ
Ψڵ߹ϣһ׺Լ˵е뷨
ŮЧӦɣ


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Ǻܴ󣬺ųƱһǣƾõʷܶˡȻһٶ꣬ﲢûгʲô룬Խһįơ
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˵ʥӺӣҵһʱ䣬һȺܵǰ˵أҹġżȻ֮䣬һ˵ȺƺɽŵĴУǵıӣƺ߲ƣҲ֪˭Ҫù
꣬һЩ飬ҺҲ²⡣
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ǵĻʱȻ
ĳЩˣʼįҪһԼ鷳ˡһЦȻĵһչǵġ


335 ׷Ϯĵ
ˣ
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֪ʲôʱſԹ
һιΪһԸһ¥ʱǺĲ࣬ͻøӴ󡣡
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ᣬҵĸоûгֹӡ˵֮ˣȻǸڳС
ŵĵͷʾ⣬ҲȻĵͷǺӵΪǿᵽǸزôӦǺã
ǰһǺͻˣôͻ鷳ġһɽݶοһǱ޵ļһ
ҵĻһȽ
ǺҲôѡֻڱȽ鷳һʱ仹ûа취ʱ䣬Ըˡ
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ĸĬ֮УóԻָյɫڣǼԥȫûκ壬ǱŬŬʮ࣬ôһʲôطġ


ͬʱ۹ʹ½֮أһȽϻɳĮ֮С
ʱһ꣬һɳ֮ϣĹ۲ΧĿ֮͸©ֲɱ
˲ǱˣӱǺӡ
ֶˣĺܺ棬֮½ˣΪʲôţѵͲ£ص֮½˳Ц𣿡
ЦܱǿɳĮܣͬһȻĻοڵΪָֻ˲һɣĶ֡кҾս˭츳һ¥ĻôȫԵƻָ֮鷳סĿռ䣬һָԪʹʹľһս
֮½įˡǺֻ壬ϵתתܿ۳һɳĮ쫷硣
ɳĮ쫷ľţܿͽΧɳأɸߣȻһɨ
ܿ췽ԲķΧɳĮ쫷С˵ʱ򣬻ɳ죬ʲô

Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãֻɳ֮УһƺߡɳĮ֮Уһ̲̲Ѫ
ЩѪǺͣת߹ȥ鿴һۣȻ̾Ϣĵӣܵˡ
һε֮½ˣǿǿ󵽾ԼҲ޷׵Ļɱ
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Ȼʱƽ죬ͻȻһŲơ˳ŲƵĲһֻǧֽף֮зɳ
ֻǧֽףܿ˱Ǻߡ
ǺӿһȻšüͷԼĶȥܿ챱Ǻеǧֽףһѻҳ
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̫εĻ£һɱӵұۣϧˡ
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֮󣬱Ǻӵ壬뿪ɳĮû֪ȥʲôط
Ȼ뿪ʱɳĮ֮гһȦɶһ˲԰׵ԴɳĮ֮УһѪ½ǿˣԪѷĴ½ȻᣬԺͱƥеĵز
˺ȻǱǺӣѰҵ֮½ˡ
ٵǧֽ׻ɻһҵĵطȻϸһ£ԭ½һΪӵʥӣһСı
ôǺӶԸԼһһЩ仯֮½ˣʱ©һɼթı飬ԼӦһͷȻñǺ뿪صԭԸʥӲС
ţôˡ
֮½ˣһνɳĮ֮С
治֪ΣɳĮ֮ġ

ÿˣиԲͬľٶ뷨
ڱ˺˼ʱڳǽ߹һ·ıһ߸·һͷ羰Ĳֺ
˵侳֮Ҫͻÿһ㣬ҪʮֵͿͻƵġ
ֵԵû׼õһŵرһξͻأ
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һڤλá
˵ڤ壬ȥǾɽһ֧ǧǰһ֪ǿʦֱһɽ֮ɽ壬ᵽһˮƽ
طȻŹͷ羰
һͣ߹һЩйڤ
ȻʱһǿϢѾԼϢжϣһɽŵĳϡ
ȻһϣĿǰ޷ȷ
ˣ
һ߹ɺ޿֣ƺ˿Ǻͷնûеӡ֣һѽԼĻ档
ȻֱһڣʱԼԼ뷨͸ܽӴĵطҲͷݳȥ
߹ص
ֻܸоȴûа취ӦҪûа취ĳǣΪʷˡ
֪߹ʲô뽫Լ뷨߸߹һᣬǽһû˵ĵطҸɱ㸺ЭҪԷץסƹһ£˭׷ɱǵġ
ȻϣǰɱԼˣһǱǺӵ¶⣬£׷ɱԼˣԼʶĳˡ
߹˼һ£Ȼ󽥽侲ˡ
ΪϵɷɷһӣҲҡҲǺ˧ǿģԼΪʲôܰҲԼأ
뷨߹߿ɰһЦϧڵĶǰѰҵ˵ټԸûз߹ı仯
߹ֻĬĬ̾ϢһҪԼԼкܳһ·Ҫ߰
Լ˼ʱ߹ҲĬĬĵͷʾԼ뷨ˡ
һȫĵȥѰҡ
ʮӹȥĿ⣬Ϊ֣ǸԼˣȻƶˡ
ƶλãԼ󷽣ʮ׵λá
ȷ˵˵λ֮ɿ߹񴽣鵭ȻһЦװģȥһΰɣ
õģ
߹дһ֣Ȼֱڵ̯λ


336 Ѫ
Ϊڤ⣬ҲܶˣǰԵ
ڤ棬Ǹֵ̯λ
ɽ·ϣҲڷС̯ڷʦҪĶֲһǵѡ
ҶԷûг֣ôҲûȤһ֡
߹֮£ˣǣֵһС̯֮ǰȻʮģѡһ̯λ֮ϵĶ
һ̣ĺһ£Ļᡣ
ѡһᣬһܱ£Ҿкܸ߼ֵķ߹ͷ䣬СߣͷϣĺƯ
𣿡
߹ȻһЦȻȻգ۳һˮˮĻ棬ϸۿһ¡
֮ܿĵջˮ֮ϣһڡ
ò˵һ˳׶㣬Լ֮ҲͻãʵͲԽͺ߹ȫûйȥֺ͸߹󣬾ͺһͨŮˡ
Դ˿û⣬Ϊ֣ǸѾͶ顣֪Էһǵȵüˡ
Цһ߹Сߣ˵ڤ֮ϣһΣ֮أڤ
ഫˣڤ棬ʮ죬۳ڤ壬ݺ½޵֡
߹ʮϵѯһ䡣
Ӧġ漴һ䣬ҵ츳Ȼ̫ĳɾͣҲʥ侳ˡΪܸһҴڤ棬ʮ죬Ƿڤ塣۳ڤ壬ôȻɱǺӣΪ½֮ϣĵһšʱҲûа취вˡ
ã߹Ļ棬һܰʱ⡣Ȼڤǰȥ
֮󣬸ղվС̯λԱߵʦ̾£һǸϳɵʦɫǵĵʥ˵滰ôһڤ壬ضԳӣʱǾ군ˡ
ܵġڤ壬һֱǴ˵û˿۳һʦĿ֮¶һ˿ݵϢοϾҪڤˣοԶӲв
ҲԣϳɵʦȻĵͷֻȻе㻳ɡΪʲôʥӻ޹˼ɵģ˵Ҫǰȥڤڤ壬ѵͲ£˸٣ƻڤ壿
ҿͻƵ侳Ϊ޵ˣԲŻ֮䣬˵Լʵ뷨
ϣˣ
ϳɵӶظһ䣬Ȼˣβǣǰڤ
ڤ
ڤ֮ϣһ
˵ڤϵˮܳĺҲ˵ڤγɵĺԲžЧ
Ҳ˵λˣڤǨ֮ʹĺ
ǲôڤһӵдĵط
ͬʱҲڤΣյĵطΪﳣ꣬Ũ֡侳֮µˣ޷Ŀ꣬Ҫǰʮֵѡ
Դ侳֮µˣֻڤĵطš
֮⣬ڤΧŨ֮УһֵǱšЩ޷ǳϬɽΧѪҺӶõ
ǰ뵽ˣڤһס֮áʱ棬Ѿڤ͸
۳˵еڤ塣
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һǰڤǹͺͻɡ

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ֻѵĳ򣬱͵ӣҷҲζԿܲÿе㵹θڡ
ѵ̬֮
߹ѯʵı飬΢΢һЦⲻĽͣڷչ׳ʱ򣬳ֵһȺ
صˣϲǽѪѡΪǺѪһҧϣ̾ͿʮѪҺڤطκһˣ̫⡣رǱѪΧʱ򣬸ҪСģʧѪȶ
ԭôֲ߹һҪеѪ
˵ľٶæ˹ȻѪѣԼ棬СߣѪֻеһ֡ʵЩѪѣһµ֣ѷ䡣
ѷ䣿
ǵģѷ䡣ӻֻ֣ѪӷɳȥȻ֪Ƿ
߹ͷʾԼ
ʵѪڱʱںس
ֲҡ߹һ£ּĵҷسƣƺֻŽᣬ룬Һ֡
зҺһֱԵҩҲԵʥҩƺܶ༲֢ڷ룬˲ãȫһɱ侳֮µʦһϣôɡŽᣬǵһϰߣΪϲȺӣһж
ѪѾں˷سҼԽģһɱһֻѪѣôѪѾͻ˹˺ҧǵݣͺǷβ룬ޱȣʦ֮УҲ¶Һ
û£ǵĶҺ侳˵ȫûѹ
ҡҡͷ߹Ĳ²⣬ֻĵѪѵݣ׵˺侳֮£κһʦǵݣһ֮Уƻ֮еľѪһɱ
ôа
߹е㻳ɣϾѪѵ̫졣
ոͻƣ侳һ죬ҲеŹû취ȷʵܳɫ½ʦ棬ʱɫģûмˡ
ûм˵һȽ͹ĵطָŵϸʬ壬ͻˡ
߹ɻȻ˳ָȥȻ˺ܶʬ壬ЩʬɰͰ͵ӣǳͿ£һ֪ˮ
ղŵĻѵǶΪѪҺɣԲŻ˵ģ
ˣҲ֤ѪѿԻɱ侳ġ
ƺܿ߹뷨ȺʬԱߣһţʱһײ
ǵĹѾԪ󣬲˱仯ֱ仯ֻ侳ʦſԸı䡣ΪΪﵽ侳֮ͻգԪ֮ĸ
߹ü鿴һԼĹȻ˵һģһŻȻ򣬵ȷʵˡ
֮ģ߹ĲǿǣǳĸȤ
ȻȴûȤ͡ΪоȺѾΧʱҪˡ


337 
߹ո뿪һֱǵʦͳǸղվڵλá
ȥʲôطˣ
һʦȽϻɵʵ
һ£㿴й⣬ôһˡ
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ΪӫۡϳɵʦȻȽϽȻѾú˺·
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һǰϳʦȴڱ棬ֽţԼ׿ǻȥ칦͵ʱ򣬶ȻҪԼһ
뵽һʦԺ棬ɵһа뷨Ȼɱ֮лᣬӾͽҲɱȻû֪Լġ
ʱɱʥӵĹͣͻᶼԼϡ
뷨һʦ̱ǰˡȻı;ٶûӹϳɵʦ
̫ˡ
ϳɵʦԼһԼͬ飬ȻҪңֺγ뺦أ
һᷢսͻ֪һôˣߣ
˸̥˼һҲŽᣬԲһ·ˡֻΪĳЩĴں棬ԲŻһжǰɱ
еˣܿͷֲԶһλãһŵɫââϳɵʦʱЦһӻֶһʦûУǾ
ţ
һʦҲȻӫۣĹâ
һᣬҴӶ湥ȥ湥ȥҪɱǧҪˡ
õģ
һʦ˼һ£ҲΪôȽϺá
ϾһöԷ֪ҪôһһΣɱôԺҪɱͻࡣοһɽţôǾûлᣬڻɱˡ
ؼһǵݣһ֪ˣôͻ뱻֮Сʱ򣬾ǵ˾Ҳ޷סǡ
ǲòСģһҪһɱ
˺ֿܿԼλȥ֮УǸ곤һʦԶȽ
ֻߵʦûзԼĴڸԼ塣ɣȫٴ
оΧѾˣ곤ʦԼٶȣʦл
ȻһʦӫλãΪ̱ͣԼĴУҪһɱ
ȻĴУոպӫλáͷԼĴУƺһ࣬е档
ѵˣ
һʦüͷһ𣬾ͺһӡ
Ȼһ̣˶þΪ֣ԼˣȻֻһ·ֻ·ôҲͰˡ
Ϊ·ĺ棬һڷѵĶ
սɱ¾ȻǸѵĶǴ˵µޣѪѵϳ
ʱǸѪѵϳѾԼˡ
ãмˣ
ʱһʦû飬ȥ²ϳɵʦΪʲôٵôáڵֻһ뷨Ǿӡ
ôˣ
ϳɵʦոҪѯһ¡
ͼ֮ϣͻȻһֻѪѣüëһŵڶֻֻһųϰֻѪѣΧ趯ţſԼͣ׺ݵĳƻԼϳʦϮȡ
һĻϳɵʦͷ󺮣æתܡ
ǾܵʱΪһЩʣ˲ѪѵעʱѪѣȫΪϳԱŭڸʶǼһ࣬Ҫɱһˡ
뷨һѪѣΧһʦӶȥ׷ϳɵʦ
ǰ׷ɱʦȫںѪɱ
һеˣڲԶһ֦ϣʮеš߹Ǳĵˣɵúתʲôʱ֪ӫ۵ģ
һʼ̸̸ָ֪
Ϊʲô
ΪҶԼСһЦ
У͹ذɣ߹ûмΪЩû塣ȽϹעɱ֣ѯʵѵͿǣЩѪΧճΪһԸʬ
Ҳǣôʹġ
ҡҡͷȻԼָ֣ǸϳһʦǸɱ֣̫޴һѪѵϳѪѺݣȻ֮ءǸϳɵɱ򲻻ᣬΪΪȽϸߣΧѪ١ֻҪܼһᣬͿӴܳȥڤ


338 ڤ
ԤļһģһĵʱǸһȺѪΧʦѾһ߸ʬ
һߣ곤ʦѾԼߵѪѻУȻﳤȥ
ǹȥЩѪѣȻ׷ȥΪԼȥͬ𡣿һûУΪǵϳѾˡ
ڵǣѾһȺ޼ҿɹǱ룬콫Լϳ´׷ɱϳɵʦ
ϳɵʦһ·ܣֱΧҲûѪ֮ڵϣһʹŵǵùһ־Ѫѡ
Ǹļһڹʱ򣬲ȿԼĵˣȻٹҲͲó֮ѪΧ
ϡ
ϳɵʦʱΪĻǣԼ˿ڣ۵һᡣ
ҵʹòԼȥʢı飬ڲˣԼϣһѪѵζһԼ½ڤضᱻǷ֣ʱٲһɱһԼûлᣬȥѰʥὫץס߻ɱˡ
ȥλȥ
Լ޹ôȥ֮һᱻ֮еȺһץסԼİѱôԼԺĵλúܵͣܵͣûϡ
ɺޣӵ侳۷ΪȴΪһȺСѪѣӶ˾״̬̫ɺˡ
ôһԼϵưɣ
ϳɵʦɱ֣ԼĻУóһЩʺ˵ҩȻԼϡЩҩո˿֮У˿ھ
ϣֻǱϣһ˶Ļô˿Ȼһ⣬ЯôʥҩƵ˵زѾǲˡ
ȻܽڤôӾȣǳȻٽץס
ȷ˼Ʋ֮ϳɵӶѰҵһȽصĵطƵĶһУһԵ߹ˡ
ر߹˵ܲʵΪʲôǲ˵ʱ̶أ
˺侳ʦ˵£ҲҵĶ֡
ⲻǳţǿʵ߹š
ȣǶԽ
ЦЦȻָϳʦصλõղȻӹѪѵΧɱѪѵǿͿ£Ҳ˲ĥӰ졣ԸղȻ޽䱸ܸоȫ񣬶ڽ䱸Χ
һ֣ôͻᱻʱȻԶݡһǵ֣ûа취׷ҽƷ
ԭˡ߹̵ͷʾԼͬ뷨
ǣǽӦô죬ܲܵƣȻ׷ɱǰѣ
߹ʣֱҡҡͷй¶ת֮ϣʼĿ
ңʲô˵ġ߹һ䣬Ȼϳɵʦƺһ
ʱˮ
һεĹ˯ʱ
ѹʱɫѾڡɫǿգɫҹһɱ˵֮ҹ
߹һĵ˵ǵطʲôʱ򰡣
ôζˣ
һ߹ȻЦĵҵʵܿղȫԣſҵϣһ˯һ
˭˭Ҫ˯߹֮ϣһΣȻˡ
˵ӣÿɷЦЦȻס߹죬СĵˣӦˡ
ʲô߹ܲ죬ΪûпʲôСôᷢʲôأ
߹ʱһϳʦͻȻоԼڷڡͺһԴҩƵģûа취йָоǳܣ

Ҳ˵ԼеĿأֻ볨ԼɤӣúóһԴԼܡ
ƺĺĴ˺ˣ壬˲١Ȼ뺮״̬֮Уͺոմӱɽ߳һ
Ƚ棬ĸоʵеҪĸо
⵽ôˣ
ΪʲôΪʲôһӣ
ϳɵӶϵʡ
ȻʱһЦ֮Զ߹ߣǲǺܣǲһʹҪѰ˼ͷ
㣡ϳɵӶֵָѵ㣬ҵ棬ʲô
ҿûô£һ侳ʦϣʲôεҡҡͷ˶ԷĲ²⡣
ǡ
ò²ˣΪ޷³ģԻҸɡʵǲ͵ģһԵ߹ȴʱһ䣬Ȼ©һɫ
֪Ҳ벻ͨҲ֪ԷΪʲôˡ
εվֻ֪֮ϵѪѣֻԼݣѪҺȴ֪ҲԼݣڵ˵棬һֽڤʡ
ڤ
ǰڤЦһ꣬Ϊڤ壬ôҲЩѪѣ֮ĽӴᷢǵһԡ
ΪȥѪԵˣǵӦΨһһѪˡ
ڤʵΣǺܴһֻҪע⣬һԷ֡ʱֻҪϸĵôһ֯ڤɢѪѣڹʱһڤ¹ôڤͻЧڼ˵ʱ֮ɢһϣж֮˻ǧֻϮţޱȣǵĹͺһͬ޷ȵվڵ֮ϡ
Ľͣ߹о̫ˡ
תһ룬ƺûмʲôڤ¹ιЩѪѡ
ãӣɵ֣һͷʵǰղϮǵѪѣ궼ģͷùڤ¹ôι

߹ӾˣΪȥΪ侳ͿǰڤѪѣͱ£Բһ˿ġ¾֮ӱǺӣҲûб£侳ΪڤѪΪ顣
ˣȷһߣӦҪ˵ʱˡתȥָһ²Զڵʹ಻ϳʦһݵĵţҸղŵĻ㶼ȥˡϣӵһǵѡǧҪһͬԼ֮ء


339 Ʋ
ƨ
ϳɵʦվָһƿСвңֱҿȷĸ㣬޷вҵġһˣôҵϣض֪˭ɱңʱһѰұġ

аЦһǱǺӣǱֻۣˣ
Щ˵֣˵ϳɵʦϣ̼һѲ
Ȼʶйϵ
߹ȥһźݺݵĲϣ˵Ҿ㳢ڤĵڶ׶εĿ¡
ɣҲηġ
ϳʦڳһ¿ˮ̵ı顣
ˣεЦЦȻϳʦһмı֮£֣ԼУһĴ
Ƭ֮һӵɫĺĵ˵ı飬
֮еࡣûйҲûзûʲôǵϣܻһЩֵʡЩʣһϣڵİڤͨôͻһָо
ɵ˵һ䡣
Ļ߹Ķ棬鶯һ¡ΪĲǸϳɵʦӵΣա
Ȼע£Ϸĺ󣬲ϵķɣܿһЩֵʣϳʦϡ
ʱû
ΪֻҪһתԪڵʹУͻ˲ھ٣Ҳ޷ֻܿţһĳͷԼ
Щʣϣ̴һǧеĸо

ɱҰɣ
ɱң
ʹĸо
ȻǣɸͶΪǾһˡ
Ϊ˼ˣΪѣֻѡܡ
Ϊǰ׼ʱѾ·ͽֻǸʱϣҲԸ⣬ԼĻ뷨֮еĽ
ѵҪˣ
ΪʲôΪʲôҵ΢һ㲻أ
Ȼ˼ʱһԵȥε̾ϢһڲԶһžʯ֮ϣʵ㲻˵Ҳܲ²
㡭ܡԲܡϳɵʦᶨҡҡͷ˵
ˣ֯һ߼ûв²⣬Ӧý¬ģǽӦҲʮˣͬһ֮Уԡʮ꿪ʼʮμŵĿ飬ʧܽ˼ΪһҰ׵ɢޡʮ侳ʮ侳ʮʱﵽ侳죬ӴҲûнʮ֮ǰڴ½ʱصʱնӴһȥûй
㵽˭Ϊʲô֪ҹȥһУһϳɵʦױþΪĹȥֻкٵһ֪
˵Щ˶Ǵ½֮ϣպգλߵˡֻһ֮㣬ʶԼŶԡ
ΪԼʱնʱûмɽţûո¶ͷء
㲻᲻ϵҵģǺǣЦЦûмǴʱնкܶ˶ǣУӶ˺ܶˡвһЩʹ˵ţһЩѾõǰ
ûмǴĻʱɽһλϣҲһεʱնҰȻӴ˱óĬԣٳȺ֮У˺ܶˣˡ
㡭ô֪ġ¬һľˣһӣǵһΣ񷭾һԼĹȥԼйصˣһһǣ
һôȷҲһ
Ȼı飬棬ȴһ̾ϢΪôԼĲ²⣬Ϊʵ
ʵղ˵һУֻһ̽ˡԼ̽ȻΪʵ
ԭ
ЦһΪǸһʦܡ
ʦĸˡһˣȻڶӣҲε
ĸǱۣǸıȺˡ
ӣȥΪƽӹһֱûܵǵĹע˾ױԡˣ¬棬Ǹ˵ӣҲһδɱƻߡ
󣬹ȥǸĬ˵ʦܣҲʼįҪĶʦ֣ʦһ³̣չʾһԼıˡ
ȨλôҪ𣿡ӻ֣¬ֱӻУȻת߹˼ˣǼǰǰɣ


340 
ճ䣡
ǣᣬʼ֮ǰǡ
ﲻһڴ½֮ϣºպʦипѡ
Ǵ
һ˲űʱ򲻿ôӢš
ӢŶˣôҲãΪͬһ˾øӼҡͺͱǺһˣֱڲͬһԳΪưԵʱһʱ𡣵һʱͬһ硣
ôעֻһ˳ưԣΪ𡣶һˣضڶԷУΪһʧߡ
һΪʧߣôע䡣
Ǵ½ĲпᾺϵǴʱĺ͸áΪһˣû˼ȥǸ⡣
ǵĽֵ֮ϣ˸Χգ˵Լ뷨
ȻڲԶȴһۡ
˵ûУ
ôʲôţ
˵¬Ļš
ǣѾʮǰ𣿡
ƨһֱţҸգɽţΪɽŵһϡ
ô֪ģ
Ϊ˷ʬ塣
ꡭԭҲǺư
ȱϵˣôһ˵ʱе㲻ĵģǶʲôҸղŵĻû˵ء¬ʮһֱţ֪Ϊʲôԭǰڤ֮ϵڤһ˶սһʱϷװ棬һƣдɽ֡
УʲôģҪʲô壬ҲնɱɽŵĵӣɽߣһȺ׳աˣҸǣ¬ϵƣɽŵĳţһ֪ɽŵĳжô󡣰ɽŵĹ涨κһϣ뽫Ʊã½֮ϣκεһж죬Ϊɽšôɽųû֮СɽŵˣҲȥȥڤ壬ȷ¬ĵݡ
˵滰ôȷʵһš
ߣֻһСŰˡһתϵҵֵܷԼõ鱨ʾɱ¬ĵˣܿɽŵʥӡ
ʲôȻʥ
ţ˾Ųʮ
ôΪʲôҪ׷ɱɽŵĳأ
˭֪ǲֿͣɽڲʲôҡȻȥǸ⣬ǸһԼͷ˵һţλλ˵
ҶԼ߲ż⣬һһϢҪ˵Ǿɽڷʥս֮һҹ֮䣬նɱɽŸɹźͽŵӣλϣֱЯ֧ӣɵʦɱ˽źɹš
찡ɽ̫źͷˡ
ǰʥսôøɣҶԷһɣɽ϶١
ˣɽŷʥսôɽŵʥ侳ϣڸʲôǷҲǰ˽Żɹţ
һʱ䣬Ҷߡ
߿ǵĿѯʣȻҡҡͷҵ鱨ʾɽŴϱۣѾչأٲִʱһεʥսֻ侳Ϊս;ʤĹؼ
ʲôûʥ侳ôɽŻֱ̫ˡ
ˣɽһǷˡ
վһԵҲеɻ
ɽҪõǸϹżôɱźɹţҲûʲô˵ġɽźͽţɹ֮ľ룬̫ԶҲ㹻ɽάʥս֮档ףΪʲôҪһ̱չأ
Ĳ²⣬һεʥսӦôһзģս֮Уųһ켺׽һ˷Ŷԡ
ûۣôԱһʣµ˵ûʸ񣬴жȨοڰУλʦܣҲһƲӡץᣬôˣҲһεĻᣬԼ档
һı
뷨һԵ߹ҲеɻǴӵ۹鷿鱨ͨġ
һͨ棬רŽһ¸ɣֺ͸ԼԵ۹в̶ȡ
ʱɽţǴǿʥ侳֣ӵ˳˵ǵʱɽţڵ۹ƻ֮ȽŸһߣɹŸߡ۸ոͻƣȶԼΪôɽŵʲôȥս
λɽŵʥսʧܣǺЩɢޣʵһϵҲûСһվҸߺһǣһǣٰᣬǾǴ½飬ҲǴĵ顣Ϊǵ棬Ѿ׼䱦԰ͻƣҵľΪһЩǿĴкżϢ档

ҶĿתĶԼ۽ǣһ˿аȵǬڲˣ͸©Ϣһε֮УһĶԿԵ߸½ĸ֣һʥƷ֪λǷȤ֪
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ڼȶˣߵģΧǣĶѡߣһλ뺷ʿԼΪǿһò׼Ļ˹磬һζˡ
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ͬʱֲеաΪʱĽӴѾ߹λԼŮˡ
κһ˶а֮Ŀ⽥ñܵĿϢ仯һԵ߹΢һ¡㶹֮;ѹȻ϶ʱߺһ˿ͬʱоۣΪڽԼļ䡣
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343 ڻ
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ǰ̶ȣ˵ʵûʲôѹΪԷΪԼһ޶ֻҪԼԸ⣬ôʱԽԷΪڵľ磬ͬ޵С
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Ȼǵ۹ôΪʲô߹һָһԵĽүɫѿĵѵΪĶӣͿǣ޷죬ΪǿŮ
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ǬϾҪٿˣʱ򣬷ʲô߶飬ôܵù
˵ʱ۾˲絶һڽڻԵϣһȦȦɨӡ


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ͬʱҲڸԼδһѺڲ֮

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ΪԼƽµʱĹѾϵķ¹档ȻýڻԣΪķ֣Ȼһ̣һЩɶһֱ顣
ȭͷٳڻԵ°͡

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һʱ䣬Ҳڲϵļƽϡƽץס߹֮ӦδǲôǶҪȽץס¶ԡ
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߹ֻԼĿռ棬ٻһѷĳֱӲڻԵĸ첲棬ڿʼ˹Աڣ˶˳¥ڻԣΰͻ촦
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ԼԺӦѰһʵʱȥ󣬸ıľôҲԼϵŮˣҲΪ⣬ܰæĵطȻҲҪ֣˼һתֵǬеʽһʲôʱٰ죬ʲôƷ
ˣһڽϡҵõϢһεϣǰʮֶǵҩһһصԴ˵˵ԪǬУҲ͸©Ϣ
ϹܼҵĻشĬĬĵͷȻˣôǾȥǬУǺ«棬ʲôҩ˳㿴ǸƷӡ


351 ħ̵ı
深ƽ١
һЩصĵطȴɶ䣬ڰֹǰ
ڰµĵطȻ֮УǸµĺʱΧһȦȦ䣬Χߺ顣
Щ䶼ĸһΪҲصסҪ֪Щ꣬ץķˣ
Щ֮УҲԪҲһЩΪ侳ʦȻ侳ҲûУֻǶ׼ĴЩ˱Ѻں֮еҲµĵط
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ҪȥҪȥҪ̸һ̸

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ףûֻҪԸ⣬ǻǳȥʱԸ׵ӰһԶһơ
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˼һᣬڻԺȻ۾һ㲻ʦԪѵħʦ

һЦȻһ֣϶ʱһŻ棬֮͸©ſֲһϵħʦʦĵȼ֣ڵΪӦ侳ӡ
ħʦҲ侳ĵزڻе㲻̫ţΪʶ棬ħʦΪ̫ߣôץͿôץôɱͿôɱ
ȥһʱ䣬ڻԿûɱħʦ
ȻֻҪħ̣Ϊħ̵ĳϡʱħ̽ҲԴڸħΪʱҲԳΪ侳ĸ֡
ҲԣڻԾˣȥѾﵽ˶㣬֮Ҳ侳ӡ
ΣֻҪħ̣ôҲ԰ΪԴ뿪µجκӴңڡħ̵ˣһЦݵĶŽڻԡ
ӣڻ˼֮УǰĽүȴʱףҪԥˣң֮ذ
үĻڻȻ̧ͷħ̳ϣҲţǻƽ޹ʵľңң˵˵ɡ
Ȼħ̳ϸһԼӲӵ㷢ȻĵȻҶǴˣôҾ׵ĸѣ

ħһֱϣ»ص֮ϡڵ۹ĴѹǲСһˣϵħ̡һЩҺ鷳õ۹Թ˲ϾϾ½ǳء
һħ̾ͿԳû׳͸ΪرǸϣǵˣΧ˾壬һЩңȡһЩʱ䡣
壿ڻһصĵԲУ۹Բģʱһڲǧٱ
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352 ᳤
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߹ں淢飬һҲ˽⡣ǵ飬Ȼеƣǲû̫Ĵ㡣
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һԼ뿪ôҵʹҵʵȥҲܲԼΪԼɽŵĸͽܳϼĴǵ۹ӵģ޾塣
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ˣΪʦǵˣǿԿĽ࣬һȻԿĽ
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ǻȨϵ磬ԻһУȫλʥƸŮˡ֮ǣʲô
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ҪǬеˣһ깺ͬˣ׷۲ѡ۵ʱǬеĸ᳤̲סˣֻһԼװֵʮʿȻգĸֳε΢Цһ˼ҡ
һ̣ĿɿڴĹע£һ
ھ׵λãȻһԼ˱úͰ׵ģ𾴵үΰʥӣ¡Ǭеĸ᳤־ӭǣǬУ㽫߹ķ񡣡


353 ޱ
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ӵǿӹɵ飬ǬУʾøӣҲûʲôʥӣƺûдﵽӵĸ߶ذɣ
ǺǣԸղʥһԷûǰվһԣװûпǬУҲϣطǰǴ硣ֻǿϧʥӺܸ߰˿ǬлᣬΪǬеδ룬־ŻʥϵΪ˰ƽҡ
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ӺʥͬһţֻҪ£˾ԲụʱᡣΣʥӵ츳ɣԵǿӲһɱʥӣɱʥӣôʥֻҪôͿԲϵĶԼĳ˳֡ʱ֮һ˸޷ץסʥӣǬвǣһΣյĴУʾ˴һֺõӡǱҪ顣
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ǺǣǺǡ־һЦȻŻؾֻǴ˵ǰˣʵУһĶ󲿷ֶṩʣټһЩдǬУĶӵһļֵ塣
ŶһҪúÿȡһЩǡЦЦȻֱǬȥ
߹ʱһߣһ߶Ǭеĸ᳤ҺһУΪʲôǵĻ᳤ǰӼѵ˵ȫѹӵϣҵķǰ;ʥӣ
ȿȡǸ߹ôһʣһ򣬿Ⱥܾ־ʱҲò첱Ӵֵĵ߹ˣ᳤Ҫǰӭӵġǰ᳤λ᳤յһϢĴγǣһ±ҪõһεϣԻ᳤ȥջˡ
ʲôֵû᳤ͼλ᳤һǰȥһЩ飬ԼйĴţʱѯʵѵʲôΣգʲôҪǻ᳤ԽӼ
ȿȡǸӴˣɳĮ֮Уò׷һµĴСһĶҲӴ˰ŵģ־ɫ˲ʥӴˣһ²Ҳڷ˾޴ı仯ûʵˣȷʵ޷ȥͻԻ᳤ˣһ᳤ͱеĸ֣ǰȥӵĻ


354 ʼ

ߣһԵ߹ʱҲüƬ֮߹ô֮뿪ʹʱʺͼλ壬µ۹飬ƺڷޱ䣬ͣռ鱨׼ȷĻڵ»һѪսʮּҡҴ鱨ʾӱǺòƣǸսֻʤҲڵĻңѾԼֻһԸߣĵˣסǵ۹鱨磬Ѿ׵̱
д˿ɼһɴС
ҸҸƲ⣬һεͣ˵һֲǱޱߡһǽٴ½½صƻӰ졣ҸǣѾڿǣʵʱżеɣһ֣Ӧδ顣ֻһʱ䣬ɭǱ߱Ƚ϶ңҸһֱûʱ䣬ȥ飬һֱӡ
Ŷԭˣ
¶һȻӣʵЩ飬ҲһЩšϾǺӣĿǰĶ֣һһﶼҪһֻ֪֪ˣսʤĵ
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ԼбҪضʱ򣬽һԼ鱨磬ԺܵһϹӣԴġ
֪鱨ҪԵа˾ģ鱨磬һһϦͿԽģżֻһͬʱ˼һ⣬ȻͣôԷȻ֮ܿ½ˡ
֮½ˣͲסįҪʾԼˡʱѵ½Ľ磬ѾıԵ
ȥΪʥ侳ĸ֣Ȼûʱ䣬ȥػ½⣬һ飬һ˽ġȻ˽⣬鱾֮Уֻǰǵļذˡߣɽţһ׼ȷԺܸߣһֱŲɡ
ȻԷ֮½ˣôĴ½ȥһԷƽ磬ôĴ½񣬾ͻ±ūʱضͿ֮̿½ˣһ˽ôضɺܶ鷳Ӱ½İҽˣô޸ˣϾٳһĴľ֣ԼһĴ۵۷ʦʵ̫ˡ
ʱΪˣҲʥ侳ʦˣʸȥά޽硣
ԼöԷƽ磬ΪԼҪһЩ飬ԼбҪǬ֮ǰҲľƣȻôݴ
ҺбǺӣѹԴǰ鱨ı仯ֻǾֲͿѹԵġô˵磬ûбƣĴ½Ȼʱ׼ӭս֮½ĸֺš
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һ߳ߣһ߶־᳤ھˣҲֻվһԲ˵ûʲô塣
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ϧˣڹʼղۣҲһֿɱǱϾֻˣҲģǵ뷨
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Ϊ׵ҲԪ׵磬Ϳʩչ׵磬ôͿΪõǼԼϣܹ׵磬ôøɶʧʧٵԪ
ԾĽǼҲֻὫ͸߹Ͼ߹һŮˣûд񹦣ԻеԿ
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ѯʣ־ӿռָ棬óһСӣȻ󷭿һ£һĶɵҩݡϰĶǵҩһƷӦ鵤һµԪʮһԪ
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뷨֮־ʼԼСžţӦøôĺôܽι
˼ʱϯˡһˣһľ鳡һŮӵйú㣬һ˫ֵ۾Ļ꣬ضһˮ
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355 
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ѵɽŵˣסٳΪ۹һԱǺɽûֻôһݰ
Χˣ˼ʱһŭȴһŭͽŵı鶼ûСڵһֱ˼һ⣬Ǿǳңܳ˵ļң֮ܵõٵǮơ
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ӳ֮ѡһһǰǣԼһ״һܳɹΪһ߹ǻʵϲŮټӳȥģôһ·Ϻɱ˲ܻŵǶޱѡ
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ҲҪĽֻƺһЩ

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סΪĶүһҲҪŹָ߹һƷһҪ߹

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Ϊô齻죬ǾǶޱΰ
ϹܼĵһҪô£үġ


361 ѹң2
Ϲܼһˣзǳɫ̸жţһ԰ãԼ
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ˣԲͨˡҶܵ۹ѰҵʺϵʱһƷôȻҲͬ飬һڰһЩ飬ǲ֪
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362 ѹң3
ү֮Угؽ־־
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ǵӣ֪ʲôǿڵҲǹԱǻ֮еˡһɵĺĵӣǲǶġҲһ֮Ҿͻ뿪ǣλˣȫԳԣõı𷣡
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ѯʵˣԱǵĵλְȨǺܸߣ˺ױԡʲôˣôܷŹκһԱıأ
үЩħ̵ˣΪǼְȨ̫СԲûнǷϣ˲ûиʼš
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ܵ˵յŵˣռܹԱ߳ɵfΧЩûյֻвɣʣµˣ󲿷ѡûǰǡ
ĽĻӻֵȽڻԵ飬һ;֮ͨϡλˣԻȥˡ


363 ѹң4
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ͬʱһլ棬ڻԼħŵĳϣȫһһ˵Ļ㱨


364 ѹң5
˵Ǹ򣬴ǬһȥټеĹԱһһ˵Ը
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ħ̵ӽԼ̽͹Աһر
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365 ѹң6
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ȻˣôΪʲôҪһֱأ
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ԸĻͽһүԸĻͽСӣΣ
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Ѻˣô׳һЩҪ鷳
ڵ۹˵ӱǺӣ֮½ͣʲôˣ˵Ƕܵ۹ǻ嶼ìܣѾǿԤ顣
Զܵ۹ĻңԴӵʱ򣬾һֱѰҺԿӵúΣǻԱǹŵӣûпԿӵĴڡ
ЩνţӱǺӵǰͺһһԷôȣͿôȡ
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Ҫ˼룬ʵǽ֮أɽŰˡ
۹ԱӦú˽ŶԡļƲУôǵ۹ʧٵĵ̺ԴԲֵáԱļƲߡ
һֿһ۱ڵļƲߣҲʵУҪ趨һڡ֮ڣǶȡĵ̣͹˳С֮κһ̣ڵ۹С
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ĳʱ򣬸鱨̫ܹܣææĳǸһȻŵĵ£ϼ
ϣѾˣѵʲôطûбħռ𣿡۹ʵһ䣬Ȼ̫ܹܵУùǸ鱨
漴һŻʵ۵ı飬ޱص
Ƭ̣۹ʵ۽е鱨͵ֵһλУǷֱԽһ£࿴صݡ
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ãǲջ۾࿴һ۶ԷȻȵ
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ѵˣҲӦ߳վڰյ֮£ݺݵһܱ֪ҵ۹ûƣҪĵز
£ǲе̫磿
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ðɣȻ˾ô΢Եӡ
ûкͼλү˵ʲôͻӻüλүȥˣ漴ʹ֮Уָֻ

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߹Ļʱ븴ӵɫ֮С
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ߣҳΪܸߣľΪﵽ侳ڱǰ޷߹һغϡ
һȻΪԷԼĶ֡
ˣ߹ÿЦһ壬Ǽ֮ǰôԱǾڲǰһţһ磬Ƥ𵤣ԼΪ鵤ҩ
ǰ׽٣ҲˣȹǸ׽٣Ѿ˳Ρڵ͵ΪҲﵽ侳졣ʵսֱΪߣ޷ħ̳ϵħĩСһͿжϳۺʵ֮ϡǵֻʧܵķݡ
ôܣڴ½ʱ侳۷ʦһٵΪʵе㾪֣߹˵ÿһ仰ģô̫ˡ
Сߣ㲻Żɣ
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ΪĴﵽ侳죬ô־̫ԶˡԻһ㻳ɣ߹ѵǸһͲҪľΪ粻ɽٵʱ׵𣿡
Ҳ֪ǴּƺõľֻҪ㹻ĵҩͿԼΪ;硣һ䣬Լָ֣ɽƣѵ壬ûзϵƣƺڲͬ𣿡
˵꼾ϵƣûж룬ʱ߹ѣǾѵҪͻˣ


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ǵңȻѾȻûϻֻһˣգԵøԡ
Ǳһˣڿյơ
ѵͻƲɣ
ͻƵ̫࣬ŪȻƣǸͻƵ׽٣ûа취ֱˡ
ǰһʹ⣬Ǹ˵˭ȻؼʱͻƣҲ֪һˡ
ףҷǸƺϤӣʲôطأ

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ϵǸˣûϴĻӦþǻʵ۴ͻ飬ӵд½һŮ߹˳Ƶڶʥӵ

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׵֮зϵ͸һĻԣڲͬ
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ţҲˣ׽ٵƺе̫ӴˡǶȻƸסɴ˿ɼ׽٣е̫ǿˣʥӵڶʲôĽ٣
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ô˵Ҳûʲô⡣׶ʲô٣Ƕûʲôϵ
ҲһϾĳɾͣһͣǻǰ˽һȽϺã⽫ʲôطͲˡ
Ҳԡ
۵ʱѾɨϵ׽١
ʱ׽٣˵Ѿûйȥôϵ׽٣׵֮ܶ뷨Ѿ˸ı䡣
׵֮Ѿֲ֮
ˣ֪뷨ЩһΪ½ʦʷ֮ϣҲûˣη壬׵統һ¡

׵绯һɳì֮䴩͸ݺݵĶǰ֮ϣҪ崩͸
ϧ̫޷ƿ
ΪͭƬʹԵʣڵļ̶̳ȣѾﵽǳֲĵز
侳ˣƴҲֻܵķݡ
侳ʦ֮Уֻľ֣ǵ̶̳ȣűǿһЩȻⲢ˵ڵΪѾ侳ĸ֡
Ҫۺʵ޼᲻ݵΪſԺɨ֮µκһˡ
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侳֮µˣҪսʤ̫ˣΪ̵Ҫһ˸޷ƻΪͺ޵׶һôԪ
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үۣܿܿǰһеĻһΪΪ׽٣ǰ͸һȫڰ衣
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˵ʵڵģʥͻʱѣȻҺڴӵĽսһܼҡ
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ǵ֮Уӻ֣еɢͺٱʱԼöһ
׽һɢ̻ص֮ϡ
ʱǸԴΪһЩС飬ͷŭݺѾָʼ侲Ѿ²⵽ԼںìܣжôصĺΪܻĸһЩӵиߵȨƣѡá
Ϊʱֱ£Լƣͺ񲻾ǰĲ죬һȻǸԼˣôҲܣΪһүϵĻ壬ϴ
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߹Ŀ⣬øºһЩ
Ӧô죿
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ҡҡͷվϾħ̵ոӴܶȥɳȥˣҲûлţе鷳ġ
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Ҹոͻƣе㲻ȶҪһʱȥԾͲƺˡ
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˵߹˵ʲôһʣµ飬ûκεӪֵȫԼٲġ
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ȿȡʱ־վӻ֣ѹһ˵Ҳ̫żҲҪһĵǵĻԡ
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ʱѾΰ޸𻵵ĳǽƿԼ档
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ǵΰˣջָȥģʽҲʼЩȥ̽ӣԼЩԮûг֣ǲѡ
ħ̶֮ĵ죬һĵҵ߹Сߣе仯ܸоҪʲôõ鷢
ôѵħҪ𲻳ɣʱ䣬߹Ǻһ𡣶Դͻ֮󣬾һֱɵҩԼһЩԪĶԼΪΪѾ侳۷塣
ĹϵûΪʱŶ޸Լˣ̱ԼͣһΧĻݲݣûۿһۡ
ڹȥļ棬ҲҲû⣬˭ΪĶأ
Ϊﲻޡ
ϧĺޣʱ䲻ܱΪȣԺʥӺӴս֮ΪֻǸʱʥӵļֵŻᱻһա
Ҳ֪ƤһֱһʲôաɳȥˣûлǹȥĴ·һ춼ûѶ֪Ԯλá
ΪЩԮλã߹õġȴ߹ҲǼֻʮʱԶԶһ죬£ûйҪɣҲС
ħǿҲܽΧĳǳض°ɣ߹Ҳһ˼һ£Ȼе㲻ĵϵʮǳأԮʮԮٵҲħ̲ôľӣֳʮȥǡοôӣһʲô飬ôҲˣӳǰǣһϢɣ
⡭һҲǣʮ˷ɢʮطôҲ©֮ġͬ߹뷨֮ѹеľ֡
Ǿʱһֱͷ羰ȴſ̫ˣҵ˽⣬һľ֮У󲿷ֱ䶼ԪʦһְĽ죬侳ֻͳ󽫣侳ʦ侳ͳ󽫣κһǳأ̫ࡣΪ˳Ԯǵľӣһ侳ͳ󽫾ǲˡ
ľӣһЩɣЩɣ֮ͿԽǸҲһ侳ʦӦúһƴ£ôնɱ侳ʦǧˣԪϵϡ
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ͺ¼һ־侳ʦ侳ʮˣԪǧˡţħһϤǰ˺·ԤЩνԮû׼Ѿħȫ̵ˡ
˵侳ʦ֣һɱصԮ߹һܿ侲ʼ˼֮С
Ͼʷ֮ϣ侳ֵȱȽǡ
ս֮У侳ʦѾʷᡣ£侳սǾǷǳսۣͨսһ㶼侳ͳ˧
һЩǳ߼ս棬ֵ˶ʥ侳ĸ֣ǲֲս統Ƕܵ۹Ļ棬ԼʱĿͳ󽫺ͳ˧ʥ侳ľ֡ս֮УȻ֣żһΣԻһǧ˵ĵоСӡ
⻹ûʲôĴʱڣ˿ֲʱΪǸʱĴ½ֱкܶ೬Խʥ侳ĸս֮г֣һһͿսֻܵΪԴĴ۽֮󣬴½֮ϵʦΪϵĽֱͣʥ侳ѾǼˣٸ߻ˡ
½ʥ侳ָΪħ̺͵۹ԣǾԲܳ֡ôΧǳصԮĳ˵Ļôһ侳ʦ֡
ߣ˵߹˼ܲķһҲսİ壬ҲԷƱñָһ㣬֪ʲôս
Ļɫ˲Ѿɱġһ룬Լɱ˶ԷҲûа취Էѱôȫû塣
ֱӰڳһƣʾ˵ȥ
侳Ǵ½սǵ۹ҲգɽҲãġһ侳ʦô࣬õԴʤһҪѼʮĹ侳ʦһôһκһɣ侳ʦս֮Сһ侳ˣսʤǧˡǧҪǣ֮ս󷨣ӱĹͷһ侳ʦһ׼ľӣôԻḶĴۡ
ħ̵ʱҲã˵رɣɱһһԮʧ侳ʦһϾȫ½˿ڣмףֻҪ۹Ը⣬ôʱһһ֧ʨ˵۹ںʧʮ˵ı
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һĻһڲˮȻο¼Ѿһ䣬ħѾʧܣħ̵ҲӦ֪Ӧͳ룬¶ԡû춼ɳȥ̽ӣ㿴Щˣûһġֻ侳˳֣ôԲսΪħ֮ڳⲿĻҲһ֧ʦ
Һܺ棬ȻħôľӣΪʲôֱӹأǹǣôǾ޷ػȥе·
壬ǲɳȥһЩ̽ӣɨһܣΧ߹ϾŮӣԾϵ飬˽Ĳ̫ࡣ
ѯԼҲͷҲôģһɳȥˣҪһЩҴ˵һɳȥһСӣרŴ̽Χ鱨
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侳ʱԸǣҪาǼʮĸоڵһЩԼһЩΪϢ
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ϹܼҲ죬û˵仰ǵʱ򣬾ϹܼҸдģֵӡ
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Ψһ뷨Ѿʼˡ
Ȼûʱֱֻʱѷ֮У˲ʧ
ʲôȥˣ
߹еɻͬʱҲףڵˣǹȥǸڴʥˡ
ʱֶΣһбرֶΣֻҪȥͿԴ伸ǧĿռ䡣
ΪԽߣôȻƶԽ죬ҲԽԶ
ڵΪԽĵط̫Զ˲⣬Ǻѹġ
һ̣Ϲܼҵߡ

ߺȻһˣŵϹܼæ˼ǵʱ̾һľûеȻ˺صˡ
Ϊʱϣ˺ۣһؤ
ղ⣬ϢӶжϵĻûа취ϳϹܼҡ
ȲҪ˵ˡ
οһȻóһҩС
һ̣ϹܼҾ͸оԼ壬ʼΪ˺ʵ̫ˣ˾ٺõĵҩҲҪһʱָ
һڻָϹܼңһֶΣŪһʱѷ죬ȻϹܼһͬС
ˣôһˣԽʱһΣա
ȥʥ侳ĸ֣ѾϰߺӦʱմԸõģʱմʱʲôΣա
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᳤ǿǬл᳤ʱ̴ԭվ׷񣬱ʾԼĹ


391 
ĳ˵ǬеϢԶԶǵõϢҪ׼ȷǰ
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ǷŹ˭ҲܷŹ۹̽ӡҪ˫߾ͨϢǳѡ
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ʱһӣͿһˣٵһǣһ֮鱨ϵжʧǷǳҪġ
ļ죬Ǭı䣬ԼȥľӪ룬ڲìΪͷֹͣ˲ϵǬᡣ
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ˣ˵ûУΪһʱ䣬Ǭ治룬ǬĻ᳤֮Ϊ־ͳһǹˣб˽ңҪɱǵĸǬУһǬе
Ҳ˵ˣϢģôһšǶ֪Ǭвһҵ̼壬С᳤ļ壬ȻǿռԴҲһ졣־ͳļ壬һôҲԺͻ᳤ڵļԿټ˵ĵλߣܰݰȥû᳤ǵԴûǵļҲơοˣҲͬѡ񡣡
ɲҲ²ˣԻһ֣ʱ壬ضΪ棬ʱǬУͻݱһѣЩˣһҪСģǧҪͽС
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ҲһȻ᳤ģôȻһİգܣƽ޹ʵľͷ˴ģĵԴض˼֮󣬲¶ĵġɴ˿Կó־ͳˣԲôɾģҲû᳤˴ŭ
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𾰳ǣܱǳ֮УһֱǺܳɫһֱ˴ΪһǬܲڣôܱ߳ǳصˣԻͷʺ
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УһҪ׷ЩǵĶҪҿǼǵãȥϹڻԣһ̵ķӣǰҪһҪ

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ӷװЩӦӰŵĵӡ
ӴһʼսӦһ浹ľƣӰռоԵϷ硣ǲ֪Ϊʲô֮Ӱֱܡ
ڵļ¼ӰһΣһжʮ˽ħȵĵż֮Уǵһ侳Ϊĸ֣ż֮УǱȽϴʦݺΪټ϶ʮ˵ϣǶսˣҲһս֮
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Ⱥħ̵Ļ̷̾ɢѰսۼ֤ݡ
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ǿˣħȵλõļ¼ӦöмأӦúܺõ顣
ˣٶ侳ˣǵݣǲ𡣡
ôҪȥһ³ϣϵ뷨˵
ã֧ӵӵͷȻ̵ָӣˣ̻ȥϣԸϹ鿴һ¡ˣҷɢ´ΧϸѰһ£Ƿĺۼ
ϣҪһӵʱ䣬һ֮Ǵ»ص̸ۣջ񡣡

Ⱥħ̻֧ӣӰʬʱ
ѾȻħȵżһȻɽ֮С˵żһС
κεеĶ¶šֻЩõһ̬ԣԸԼϵȫͬ
Ȼǰ֮ǰżûбڸǵʱ򣬿һķչѾԼһ淽ʽˡ
ʱɽ֮УȻˣһѵԱߣһ졣
˵үүѾȥˡ
ʱ򱱷г˼
ֻҲ֪˼ʲôԲԣ
ϸѯһ´ʦֵ飬˼ɽŵӣʱҲű
ֻϧѾɽŵˣҲܻصɽš
пһ£ϧԼʱգȻʦֵ¡ʦ꣬ոƽϵңɽţʵҲʱ䣬Ϊ˹أأǻˡ
ҪʦӢŵĻû׼ɽţĲ֮󣬻Ʒ飬½ʦֽӻҲ˵ϧһжܴͷ
ʦˣʦҲˣֻһźˡ
үү˵һӶ뿪ţϣЩˣڳ֮󣬿뿪ţȥһǼ壬ܶ˳֮󣬶ȥҸףҶ壬嶼ȥ
ǻңĺܴѩҲܶ࣬º䡣ĺƯʦҲǿЩ֮һҪȥϧҳ֮үүȥˣһֱûлȥ
ȻǴӱģе
ĻɵѯʵȻүүȥѵֻţû뷨𣿡
а
үү˵һޱǿɣɽšϣǿԼɽţǷǳ֧ȥҵļ壬кܶͶɽŵġ֮Уܼɽŵˣֻҵ塣壬ԴӼɽ֮󣬾Ҳûлصˡ
壬ʲôȻѯʵһɽţڶˣ
ܣǾɽţѾжʮˡȻһ壬˲ɵȻүүȥʱһֱһԸϣܻһֱûѶȥɽŵˣҲûа취塣
ǹٹΪһЩȥɽſѰʣΪʲôţүү
꣬ܡļ䲻תԺ֮УһӰʱѾɽŵĴˣ˶֮е߱ȽϳɫˣһЩӡ
ӡ֮Уھʱ򣬼ɽŵľӢӣǲٵġлһˣƺͽܡ
ܵ츳һɽŵ֮õģȴŬһˣ˻ǱȽӵġ
ܶᣬϻͯǰ꣬ΪһЩ飬ŭһǱͷɽһħߵĵطħ֮еĻһ㣬ѾȥʮꡣΪûеõҲܴħ֪֮߳ȥôȻͲܹļŸΪħ֮УȻҲ޷յ
ж֮Ҳֻܰ̾Ϣһ
ȥɽҲãѧϰǿ似͹ĽһʮĽ
ȻȻǴʦֵĺˣôָһ£֮ãߵĸȹ̣ӿݣҲ޿ɺǡ
һʱ䣬ֹ۲һȻģʽȻһ´©ԼԵĵط
һ󽲽⣬ԼʲôطӦô
ֹȥʱʱǸ´֮Уħ̵Ļ̾Ѿڳϵ£Ӱеʬ壬Լսۼ
Ϊħ̻˵صĳϣҲ޷ԷһʲôˣһʲôΪ
Ҳȷһ㣬ǾǶԷΪҪǿˣھħȵĵż֮Уֻȼˣ˻ǱȽϺжϵģ뿪֮һӰŵţһ濪ʼ飬ǼˣʲôλãʲôΪʩչʩչʲôֶΣǷӰг𡭡
֮ڵħ̻̾һɫء
һʱ棬ǴӾħȵĵ߳ˣֻҪΪﵽ侳ˣħ̵Ѷ
Ҳúܶ˲죬Ͼħȵĵż֮Уÿ춼ˡ˴ңûɱˡ
ǵǿħ̣ʱһҲףԼӦýһЩǵħ̲ĵطǵʲôɣԼǲ
֮ڿʼҶý
ȻʱɺȻһ˿֪֪Ҳ⣬Ϊ½ѾûмĶˡ
ο뿪ħȣͿѰһطɽ٣ʱΪɽһ¥ô侳ˣҲþʲôˡ
򲻹ôҲܵ
ˣΪʲôӰŷͻҶԷ˵֡ȻӰĻ棬ſжϳ֮䣬ӦгޣǻڣԷɣ
Żѯһ£ѯʣȻЦһʵӰźţгˡȥţʵǸӰŻġΪүүļ룬ʵǣѹӰţӰųΪŵĸšүүļʮ棬ĺǿ󡣿Դүүȥ֮ҸҲ״Ҷ壬塭䣬ŵʵ˲͹ʱӰżħҳΪħ̵Ļ̾һԱӰŵ˲õǣһٳţ˫ìܣˡ
һ̿ʼǾͲ鷳ҪѰҵһڣһɱšҸ¹ϣħ֮ƣѾƲɵǾ˳Ӧ˳Ϊħ̴һԱΪŵĳ·񣬶үү˲Ӱôףħ֮еԵ̫ãԺܶ˶鷳
ڽ죬ҴˣѰұʱ򣬴ɱʣµˣֱӱǲ˳ȥһˣż֮ѰұϣҵһܸıŵĶǸɭֵʱɱһޣǸ޵Уĵһرͼ
ǣһûüˣͱӰŵ˷ˣǿеıͼʱ̰ټ˫Ĳ֮ͣȻѪս飬㶼֪ˣүǰĻѾӰŵˡ
Ȼ̯̯֣ʾԼΣŵĺܾȰ
ͼʲôͼҲܺ棬ż֮Уʲôͼڡ
ѯʣȻвɵÿһԼһ䣺ģҵô˲ţȻôؼ鶼˵ȥˡ
½֮ϵıͼܶ࣬ÿһγ֣һЩ
ͺӰŵˣȻһͼ̷ѪսͿԿóһͼԴôĺ
ȻǰֵĺɣҲĵףʲô̰
˵껰ʱȻһŵĿѡ
ı飬Ȼе뷨ֵ̯̯㲻õģͼȻĶôҾ;ԲǿȫԷġ
ү˵ЦˣôܵءȻЦЦŬԼڸסҴԼĿռָ棬Ǹͼóү㿴űͼ
ȻѾڣôڣҲûˣȻĺܸɴֱ࣬ӽͼݸ
Ҳ飬ӹ֮ϸ۲һ£ӵӣȻŵûпżɹ֮˳Ǳż֮УһЩأԼߣǻͼֻǲ֪Ϊʲôᱻ˵Ǹޣ̽档
κһżʷ֮УһЩ©ӶһЩ˳УȻһЩء
żȫûпʱֱܷصĵط࣬ʮֵΣգܷ֣ҲܴߣԲŻһЩͼⲢûʲôġ
ͼ»ȻúղǧҪ˹ۿ
ˣȻʲôй䣬ټովȹһֱӿүˣһȥѰұذɣ


404 
ȻԼʵҲ׾ħżһʲôĳ
֪ԼҪһˣѰҵأ˳ߣô޷ֻѡһõĴ
ǹȥһʱ棬˺ܶˣˣȴûһˡǿ˺ܶˣΪһЩصĳ̷֣Ѫսѣ־ĵˣкΣԴҪ󣬻ǱȽϸġ
ѯʱͼʱȻе㵣ǣϣĴĸ֣ĴôԼһҵأʱرͼ֮еıشȥôھħȵż֮еʧҲͿԲŷչ׳һЩ
ڷ֮Ȼ̶ĿתĹۿڵȴܸһش
Ĺ£ȻһЦѵͲ£Ѱҵ֮Ҽ⣬ֱӽɵȻΪУ
ʵʲô֮ģֻܵĲǺ⡣ûзϻ֮ͯһѰϹżÿһֵܷıضܶ࣬ÿһ⣬ֻһЩԼҪĶͿˡ
Ȼϻͯ˱࣬ǲıԸ񣬸ı˹ȥ·ʵڵνıأɲǺ⡣
Ż˵ĵȻ¶˿ӡ
ı飬Ȼ֪Լȥĵģô֪ҲЦЦүЦˣȻʶүүôүǾһˣԱͼҵģҲġҪôֶ͸˼ңҲν
ⷬ˵ĺܳȻ֮ͨҲ˿ı飬ϲ˼һ£ȥҲá
ϾżѾһʱˣΪǰŬգż֮еĻԪ˴ѰұĻᣬرҩ
ż֮еıѾ߲ˣôڹȥҲûʲôջˣ˸ȻȥѰұͼĶҲûʲôԵġ
˼һ֮ͬĵͷȻˣôҾ͸ȥ
үڣȻһѰҵصĿĵءȻһƨȻֲر֮үѡֻҪֶܸһͿԡ
㰡ҲһСͷ
Ȼļȴڸ̾ȻһΪʩչĺܺðүôȻ˼һ˾㷢ֱأҲ
ͼģôֵĶȻ㡣ֻǹȥˣϲĶôͿԣһġ
ˣûмгƤ̿ʼ鱦ͼͼصصѰҳȻȷһ£رͼ·ߡ
ôһŪֹȥһСʱҵʱ䡣
ղرͼϵļأر֮Ӧżǣһ޺ϿȵĵطǸطӦ۴ӣǿޣһܴв
ҲõģֻҪ̫ǿޣôҶ԰ɵ
ţүڣȻҺܷġܱ⣬ǻǾЩײΪáǺսױΧ˷֣ʱǺһ֣ǺѰкܴ鷳
˽⣬С㿴ᣬ㻹ǱүˣҺܲڡ
ǡ
ǰ߽Ҵ綼С֮еôϾС
Ǿǰɣд磬ԼүүӷĹĳȻȥΪ̫Тˡһ¶ǵĺˮȻǵʱ򣬴ǵλý룬ͿԱޡУ뱦ؽλãǸʱҲԶˣҲ̫ˡ
ǸλãǰƲرͼѰҵ·ߡôȥˣǷ񻹴أУǱȽʵģϾͼƺѾмǧʷˡôȥ½仯ˣοµأ
ģǧȥ½ĵؿǱ䶯رͼľλú·ߣҲֱ仯ڴ½رͼ֮УǱȽϳ
ҲģΪڽżʱҾһЩ˵żλãûʲô޳Ķ࣬iһǿޱȣܶ˶ĪȥǱѰˣǺܶࡣ
ȻͷȻ˼һµ˵Щеʱ磬һеǴﵽѺ۵λãȻɡ
Ҳã
ϿȻķȻͼ뿪һԶĲرǰȥ
뿪֮һħ̵Ļλá
ǰԼʱսۼշɢѰɱӰŵˣԱߵġ
Ⱥ˼һʩչȻһЩֶΣ˸ղ˽Ļ档
ǲ֪ΪʲôųеǿǵõĶ̫ࡣֻܴӲ̫Ļ֮УſȷˣһŵȻһ¥ѰŵµӣҲĻ
ǵļ¼֮УȻΪǺܸߣΪȻˣɱӰһڡοӰŸĵطһɱӰŵӵˣѾش
Ȼ壬ͼ֮пԷһҲƣûκε˺ۣɴ˿ɼȻ̫ɱӰŵ֡
Ϊ˰ȫǻǽȻ¼ڰֳļ¼֮У²㣬ڲ̫עλá
֮ȺŵżȥȥѰĿ

Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã죡
Ȼˣ糾͵ĸе˲رͼصĴѺλá
Ȼǵżûз磬û׵磬û꣬ûƲʣҲû̫ȴһҺ壬ͺˮͻҳĻƾճ֣һַǳĸоˣϵĿر֮أҲԽԽ࣬Ƿʤ
ǰ²Ĳȷʵı仯ܵ˵ͼϼصǺƵġ㿴Ǳߵĸ߲㣬ǱߵĴ֣дѺۣԼڵλãرͼϵļһģһڲرͼ֮ϣɽ壬ֻʣˣɴ˿ɼ仯ǲСġ
ţ·ʱ򣬴̽ϢżرյӣѾˣǱץˣǺܿܣҪطˡ
ţôǰ̽˵ذɡ
û˵ֱȻһر֮ءǽر֮󲻾ãһ޵ĺУͣ½Ų
޺Ӧһֻ͵ޣӦþкܴƻҪСһЩ
ţ֮ÿһַ֧ǿޱȡ
ϣ·ϣҪһЩޡ
˿һ޺ķȻæ·ߣǸһ·ǰУ߷ޣϵ·ߣȻǰ
һ˵ٶȣͻήࡣ
Ѿ룬Ǹر֮أǺԶˡ
֮һȽϹŹֵĵط˲ر֮ر׼յ㣬һµϿȡ
ǸϿȵм䣬һɽ塣
ֻǸɽ壬ѾһסˣȻһοʱ𾪲ѵĵһʲôķȻ֮ڸһɽ塣ʩչˣһʲôΪ
Ҳе㾪ȣΪֻһͨıأôҲԼĶ
һ֮󣬶ʱأ²ô򵥣ΪԴ֮ϵϢ֮иоһʥֻ΢еȱˡһˣͻиӦġ
ʥǴ½ǿıУֻʥ侳˲ſƣҲֻʥ侳˲ſʩչ
ʥܻᷢӳһʥ侳ǿ߰˳ɵ
ȱݵʥҲɱͨ侳ĸ֡ʥʥ侳ʦУһֿµ
һʥ侳ĸ֣ΪԽôʥܱҲԽһȱʥһʥ侳ʦĶ
Ƕʥ侳Ҫܶĵرļǧ֮УѾˣܶʥˡ
ֻһЩɣߵ۹Ļ壬ӵôһʥЩʥҲΪѹ˵ıײᶯá
ɽУ
ԼõıҲһʥֻΪûдﵽʥ侳޷ʹãóⱻ֮˿Ӷȡ
ʥһѴ󵶣һĴѰұϻ֮ͯǰģ֪ˣʵǺܶࡣ
һʱ⣬ֳʥĻôԱǵΪûа취ˡ
ȻѾȥЩѾûκˡ
ӻƲرͼǸ˵ΪӦòߣ侳۷ˮ׼޷ӵôһӦþҪѰҵıأյĿĵء
Լе뷨˵Ȼһ
Ŀ⣬ڶıʵȻҲбǸʱ򣬶ȭͷڹⲢ˵ȭͷǿ
ʵκһʦһħʦףһѷǿıУս
ֻȥгеıУǺ˳֡˳ֵıУȻ޷ܸ̫ս
ͬԼܽŪ֣ǲ˳֣ôҲսʱԿս侳ڵˡ
һʱ䣬Ǹʮȡ
ȻȻҲ۲쵽ı飬Ǿһ·ϣ˵Ľ̸Լʱս
ȻѾ֪ǶôǿԼǰôСҲʹڼ֮Լ㼵ʣҲûʸڿʱ֪һö
ͬʱҲȡģṵ̂˼֮УѾΪС
ǰȻѾĿĵأôھ͹ȥɡ
Ȼ飬ϵõͬ⣬̳ڵλáʮ֮һ磬ӦǱɢġ
һʥôҲ޷ƿ˲ȱ˷󽵵ͣټѾ˺ʱգǺ˳ľ˱硣ˣֳǰһᣬͷ˱λá
ֻڱڵλãʯһ͸оԼһֶ񺮵ĸоͺһϹ޶һۡ
ˣ˲սѾƬ֮󣬾˹
ϧȻϾȽᣬ˲ΰڻָ侲̵֮Ǻǣֻ˵ĶǲõֱӽȥͿˡ
һ䣬Ȼͳλá
Сģ
ǰ̽һҪżе⣬ʯе⣬ӦòͨʯһǺܿһ
ƺӦĻһʼĵʯ񣬾ȻһζɫƤðë


405 ʯ
ֻһʥôû˲ٿأϾһʵ̫ġ
ǵʱ򣬾͸оΧƺһ󣬽ණǣһ
ĺġ
ǰʯʵҲһ֡ȻԣɢõĹԣ챣ϡ
ôţǰʯҲͨĶ
Ȼ֮ʯһı仯ʮӵĹ򣬾ݱһȻʯڵλ߳ˣŭ֮
࣬ȥұضɱٴˡ
һĶȻҳʮֱҸǣڲȥô⽫㵱ʳȻһ̽
ޣһ˵
ȻͷʯһͬСɡ˼·һͨޣſԿڣһͷͨ侳֣Ҫǿࡣ
ͬΪʦվһôıضʦȻ˵һˣһƷޣôûһ˿һʤ㡣
ȻҲֻǰڣĺڣرǵʥ侳֮󣬴ҵǿȣ֮ôҲͲô޵ǿˡ
ʥ侳Ͼ˶ûдﵽʥ侳ôȻ޵ǿˡǰֻʯɵޣ治ͬ˵ʱײͿжϳǵ壬ͺǸһӲ
ȻףǰһһöԸԸˣʱôѡ·ˣԲ۲졣
վǰһɲ⣬үүͬһʱˣУеģϾѾ˱ڵصڣûнȥ뿪ˣôһӣӰ֮·
һƺѯ뷨
ڵΪ֧صУôͻŤͷȥԲ֮ƴ
Ŀ⣬ӻ֣ʾ˺
ȻһǰȻǰʯǿҲܹŹ֡£Ǻˡ
ڿȻĿ֮ǰһ׼ʯ¡
˿ǣǰһƺҪԼ˼ʯһͬǰһֱôһ¡
࣬ڲ£ôǾĲˡҿԺȷĸǣӵп侳ʵԲսʤġ
ǾԲĶ֣ȥ󡣡
ͷʯһһͣŶԷ۾˲ֻ壬˲仯һ磬ֱĳǡ
쵰ȻôͱѪˡ
Դ룬ǹôȥɣ
Ѻۣ
޾Ԩ
ͷʯӿֳһӴȻǻԪһĻͣ¹Ĺ
վں󷽵ȻһĵǰҪСİ
ȻףΪʲôղŻ棬ݲȵǰֱڵϣʯĹ֮أ
ѵʲôǰķӿռռ䲻ɣ
뷨Ȼ˾ͱþһڹ۲սһĶܣ׼һЩ·ߡ
ʱʯĹѾĹϡ
һ̣
ʯȻΪᱻʯĹ˺Ƭʱȴվԭأ˵ıأƺ˼ʲôӡ
СӣʲôȻԵֵֵĹȻѵһеĸֲɣ
ܣ棬ҲûиоڵϢ
ǵǵˣҲȥսʤǵڣҽֵץ˼ҿš
ߣʲôΪѾﵽʥ侳۷壬豹ˡǰСӣ۾ӣͼ㣬ҲǶʮӣԲܴﵽǿµΪϣһʲôһٹһΣȻԽĻƻȻһٽɱ
ҲԣЩˣҲǿˣֵ֮£ΪһԿݹ𣿻˵ֵƺѾǧ꣬ûгٵκˡ
ţҸоżˣ˵Ǹʱˣٹͻ᳹״򿪣һкܶǰѰʱˣͿԽһ˺ѣȻ̽ԼĶ档
ǸʱǾͿԳԱˡ
ǰôûʲô鰡ʯĻȻ˶ˣһײкͿµޣһʯ͡
ڴ½ʷ֮Уûʯ͵ޡ
Ҫ˵ֲޣˮޣޣ½ޣô˼ʯͷ͵ޣû˷ֹ
ʯͷҲգѪҲգǶϲˣǵһͬ㡣
ǰʵڲеĻǾͳɣֻҪڣһ죬ܽıߵģһûˣôʲôûˡ
û£
˼Լ˫ĿȻһ壬ӦһȻ
ʵڸղţܹʱҪΪʯĻԪȻջԪʱȴһ⡣
ǾʯĻԪƺڲͬڵĻԪһӵľӴ
ʯ˸ȤɢԼľʯڲʼһ̽⡣
ʯҲĺ޴Ȼǲ֪ڸʲôļһȦ
⣬ʯ񣬻ûһѪ⣬Ҳûκӡܵ˵ǵ壬ԪһģʵǱֻһЩɢʯͷһİˡ
ǵڲһܵĵطһ൤ĶԪȻ۳ĻԪ
֮˼ѡΪھҪֻҪԴԴϵĻԪôΪͿԲϵߣߡ
ȻЩҩҩҲԣľԪԪΪҪɻԪȻܱԼΪһͺʱ䡣
ƿʯôͿǣרŸԼԪԼһգԪĻԪͿˣĺ飬͡
аЦһǰһͷԼ򵥵ʯţѡͶңôһԣһӣѵǡһҶ֣ôͻǿ캰أ첻飬еصز
ǲˣȻΣֵ
ûȷʵвҿڵˣƺˣȻ˵˵Ĵ󻰣ֱǴԴˡ
ʲôȻҪΪūͣôǿԽܵ飬һҪԴҽ棬Ȼٽ֫Ҳҽȥյߡ
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һϵ˲࣬ǿƶˡ
࣬ҰǣһҪԵͷӶ£
ŭںϺʯ񣬷ĳ
Լӯ壬ϵƶǵĹȻʯں֮ǵٶҲͨ侳ˣǵĶ֡
ΪѾﵽ侳졣ѹԼΪûͻƣҲʯսʤġ
οڵĴһĶ
ѿ֮ûĸǴҵʱ˵ɣ
Ʈͣÿһʯϵʱ򣬶ǻ飬ǵĶóٻ
һˣһں֮ʯ񣬾ʮ棬ϵĽսš
ŽսʮӣȻֶʱ䣬Ʒʯ̫ܣȻҪˣҪһʱ䡣ǣǣһʮ챦֮УѰұȥɡҽ֮ǰȥϡ
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ǵλãҲûзǸں֮ʯлᷴһʮ챦֮С
Ȼ֮ҲȫͷԼֻ˫֣ϵŸָķӡȻʯϡ
ÿһģǸʯ񶼻һ֣ͺϣһһ
һСʱǸں֮ʯһηֿȻſڵϣһҲƤӶûգһ¡
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ҷȰһ䣬ͬҵôǲſԻָһʼӡ
ǿһᣬȻ΢ǼһЩ
̫࣬ˣȻϻֱһΪ
ǣһҪϻֱбͬΪսһֵܾԿԽͺһ
ʱ䣬ôҲ⣬˽ѵһ٣ҵʱ䲻ԣҲ˷ʱ䣬ǲôҾ͸Ǻÿ
Żһ£Ȼָ
ʮ֮ڸǷſȻѯǵ뷨
ܶʼһʮΣÿһѯϣʯӵܡ
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Լ˫ĿȻ˵ģǵϣ˷ӡԾҪͶ㣬Ҳûа취οǶûа취뿪ʮ챦ͲҪΪǣΪūˣǽȥѰɡ
ԣմ½ļأϵķӡͻʧȥġʶ㣬Ȼᱻ˵䣬ͻԼĳԣѯʵ
ˣôȻˣǵˣһͨˣͺһһ
ǵˣֻʧˣϸ˵ûй죬ϣľӡҲûʲôġ


406 
˻ţ
СӣǾȲѡ
Ʋ⣬ǧʷǵˣôǿôҲܻǧꡣ
һʥ侳ˣʲôգǧ˰ûʲô⣬ǻǧ꣬ȫˡ
ĴʱڵˣҲûܻǧ꣬ʯ˵ǵ˻ţҪȶܡ
ȹ˼Ϊʲôǻ˵
ѣƭԼϣԼŹǣ
ԲܣǶԻ˵ĿԲ²⵽˵Ļⶼġ
ο޵ԸǵˣѾˣôǲܣżѾˡ
һڵż֮У޾õ֤ЩޱҲǷӡģҲͽżϵڣѾȫԼһˡ
Ȼţǵˣ֮䣬ǿڡ
¿ԵߵǬŲƣǵˣ࣬û˿ԸıˣҲԡ
ǵ˭˼һ£ջʳԼĵĻ⡣
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Ȼܶ˶֪ĴӢţڽ֮󲻾þˣǺܶ˶ţĴ۵ʣֶһа취ġ
ǵˣһߣųǧԭӽĴ۵ʦųƱСʵ졣
ǵˣݺڣΨһһĴ۵ˣԿ
ҺòĴۣǸС죬ҲһСɫ
Ȼʶǧǿһˡ˵һͿһͨ侳侳ʮʥ侳ϴִ棬ܶطĴۣ˱ӽĴ۵ˡ
ΪʱĻΪʥ侳֮УǾˣһֱûͻʥ侳ﵽߵĲΣҲĴ۵ĲΡ
ʮ꣬ðսһյأ˵һԶżʧǵ֮У˵ˣ˵ܱǸԶż֮ˣҲͻˣȻߵһ֮ˣҲ˵ˣǱչˡǲôһϢǧ꣬ǧ֮Ҳûг֡
ԼǱС촴ģôҲ޿ɺǣûʲô˾ȵġ
ȷţ룬ǽԼĵһ˵
ǵģһš
ôǷˣڱչ
ܣǵ޵Уû˿˺
ôǷͻʥ侳ﵽ˸߲Σ
ȻͿͻˣֻΪһЩԸҲûͻưˡ
ôʲôطأ
Ҳ֪ǿԸӦӦһأԶĵطߣһЩǿϢǵĸӦǺǿ󡣡
һЩǿϢôǷ˵һЩɻš֤ǵĻôһȫ½Ļ⡣
ҪǣôǷʲô취ʯѯʵ
ûа취Ǹطƺ½Ѿ˸ߵĲΡֵͼϵûʲôջ񡣡
ǵģǸطǿĽ磬ûʥ侳Ϊ޷ȥ
ʲôطأһ䣬ĵطնȻʱ뵽֮½ǻȻʣȻ̧ͷһϷѵڴ½֮⣬ǲ½и롣ϧڵΪСܴ½磬ȥ½֮⵽ʲôڡ
̾ϢһȻתʯ񣬵ˣ˵飬ǿʱһߡȻλţôҲܣǿеΪūͣȻҽ쵽ˣҲƽ޹ʵķŹǡ
˵ƺҲطšҿ԰һæǴȥ½֮ϣǲĽֹиҪлرҪΪṩԪÿԼӿΣ
У˲뿪ġ
ǣһԪʮѣԲôġÿһôһ㣬ҪԼأôṩ㣬ôһǵô죬ǿɲͣͲǰǻӵġ
ôˣʩչɱ֣һ̣ǾͻһʯͷҲûа취˵Ҳûа취ԶˡһΣɲŻǣҪɱǡΪѾǣ͵ڵǵˡ
ǻôɱء
ȻͶԼֲ͹ϵô컹ţԼҲԱһõѪս
˫ʼ̸ۣһȥʮӣմЭ顣Э棬ʯҪṩʳǲҪֻ࣬ܳޣҪǳȥͬҲṩԪֻṩĻԪ߳ɣԸ䵱ֵĽɫҪ£Ըս
Э֮ˣʮ챦ػߣɧţǰĻǸԼʾһ¡
һϵİ취Լʱϵú֮ʮ챦֮У׷ѰȻĽŲȥ

ޱߵ֮Уǳʯ
ʱһ޴ʯ֮ϣһ˾ϥȻڸղ񣬺Ȼܵһǣ˲ָ
ָ֮Լ˫Ŀ˼һµƺǾħ֮УƬż⣬ʲô˽ˡ
˼Ĵһӣƾ۳һӡ棬ͺ񲥷һڲһ档
֮УȻڲȻϵʮ챦ҽʮ챦֮еĻ档
رʼʯʱ¶΢Ц
һֱ˳뱦֮УӲɢǸһԼĺСӣӦʱſˣʹŶʮңΪѾˣȻһŰ
ңղſֵĶƺѹԼΪ;磬ҪȻڣӦÿͻƵ侳죬ҿԶս侳۷壬УҲΪʵһſ֮еٮٮߡ
ӱǺӣҲΨһѡ𡣡
оǺ飬ӦòһЩֶΣСһһЩôǷܳɳ׷ϱǺǸһ׷ϱǺӣ֪ĴǸһǷѪأ
ţҹȻһţȻ뵽һ취
һ̣˫һ裬ʱһֱӴ֮ϣĴ½Ȼûʮ챦֮С

ͬʱں嫵֮УһƯĸ֮ϡ
һϵˣԶ
ƺӦĶ˳Ĺֱӿʱգʮ챦Ҳ
ţһӣȻҵѪ
úһ죬ֲǸһȻ֮ѣӳȥһԴء
ں˻ԴôΪһԱǣʱͿԸһ¥
ֻϧҵѪˣҲһˣԻһ˭ʧһ鰡
Ҳ֪Ǹ֮½Ĵ½ˣˣǷɱ
ϵˣһ֮ʧں嫵棬Ҳ֪ǰʲôط

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ǰʮĶԪʹáʮĶֻ侳ԷӳĶֻ侳Էӳ㣬ֻʥ侳ˣſԷӳ
һʱ򣬼ɨһۣĶ϶Ѿ˰ˡȻģҲһЩ˰ߵġ
ݣĶ϶ĶһԪʹõĶ϶ղأԱͲࡣ
һ·ϣһ߹۲죬һѰҡ
ڵʮһʱոճ֣һȣȻںһֱս
ǵԴͷǾһĶ
̰ǵΪ侳ӡΪջԪޱǿԲſԺȻս첻ʤʱһϳôǱضĶ֡
ȻԤϵⳡսֳӣͷڰȻڵϣվ
ǣıȻôغͲá
Ȼһ䣬ҪȥĶͿһˣҪսͷһŶǰ㽵ͷʯˣ
ûУǴЭ飬δļΪ£ֱҺǵЭΪֹ󽫸ղţԼſ飬Ҹ߸Ȼ
ȻҲѡͬʱȻҲԼһ·ʮһ㣬飬򵥵һܡ
Ľܣǰʮ㣬ʵ˽ΪϡϡģԿʬػޣ϶ڣټȻǰ濪·
ȻѴ֮һ·ʮһ㣬ҽǰʮĶȫСԷӶ࣬ҩ֮ҩڴ֮󷨺ͷٴ֮һЩħʦõĶЩĶҲٵġ
ڵھŲ㣬ʮ㣬Լʮһ㶼սԼػ޵
ſԷػ޵ʵ
һػޣԪ졣ػޣԪ졭ƣʮһ㣬侳ˮ׼ˡ
Щޣͨ޻һ
ǲӵҲȻʮ㣬ܡΪÿһĺ֮Уһֵ󷨣Ǹ֮Уһˮˮ棬Ÿ޻Ǹ
һһôһ֮Уͻһ޴ڡ˽ͻޡ
ٵˮôͲ޲ÿɱޣôҪһʱȻܴ²ֻҪնɱһεػ֮󣬲õһγ֡
Щ֮ȻԼװĿռָóݸǰһ·ҵĶ㿴ǲھͿʼһ£
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ҲҪЩһնʱעһ£ʲôȽ⣬Ԫҩôװһռָ棬ȻּҵʱֻҪЩͿˡ
ֻҪԪҩһЩĶȻе죬Сһ٣ʾܲ⡣
ҩȻΪǾϣٶҩҲ״
ƺ֪ȻʲôڵҪңʲô


407 ʮ
Эһ̿ʼֹж
ǰļ㣬϶ûѶȣȻͿԸ㶨һ·ֵĻᣬǺܶࡣ
ܵ˵ʮıռ棬ΪҩȷʵǺܺá
Ͼôܾҩأ
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һ·ϳȥնɱ˸ָޡ
ʮ㣬һӲСȻѪսһٶغϣûսʤ֮֡£ֻ֡
ʮޣӵ侳Ϊʵս侳죬ͷȻ򲻹Ҳ
Ƕ˵սޣȫǷһȥ䣬ֱӽǵԴ
ļ㣬Ȼûг֡Ҳһʼսɱػޣռÿһ֮еıȻ֡
һ˵ٶȣ˿ûм٣һ·ĺܿ졣
һҵʱ䣬ڶʮ㡣
ոճڶʮ㣬˾ͷһ֮ܵıѾٵĿ϶ܿıѾһΡ
Ͽ侳ʦſԷõĵҩͷȼˡ
ǰޣΪʲôûг֣
ֻնɱޣôſ԰ĵȥΧѰұֻ֣ǳڵڶʮ֮û֮󣬶ʱгɻ
ҲеüͷԼľʼɨڶʮ㣬ʮ棬κһûа취ľ̽顣
ܿ죬ֲԶһϢֻǸϢʮֵ΢Ȼʾһ£˿첽߹ȥ
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һ롣
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˺ۣҲΪսԲµģ
۾һתӻУóһҩ裬ĿаȵɨһۣǸڵϵˣȻҩ裬С
ҩһڣ˲ڻȻ߱ȫ
ǰҲǼӵӣոջڵϣһϢ࣬ϵ˿ڣѾϣҴ»ָյġ
лл
϶ĸлӱ˵Ŀԣ·ڸˣյôʹһ硭ûжλôһطǶлˡ
ٸлǵʱ۾ҲƵĴˡ
Ŀ֮УԿó˾Բ򵥣а߾衣ȻһҲûп˿⣬ֵĵ˵ʲôлֳΣյĵطһ࣬һ¡ο࣬ˣֱˣҪǼȣôŲء
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ҽȻλǰĻȻ˿ûзˬĻشһ䣬ȻôԵļ㣬һȥҲᡣ
Σ̫ˣҲʮǿһ˶ԴĻôһܳɹͺһЦһȻôҿ˿żȻһμȥҲֻڶʮ㣬ʮ㣬кܶ롣жλһ̤ʮ㡣
ǰȻ㼸ǰôޣʲôطȻڵޣѯ
޵ʱǸɫ˲еѿѿѿɱһʼش֮ǰѾ˵ص޻飬ȫ飬ڶʮ㣬Ѿû޴ˣǿԷõҩ޵
û޾ͺáȻıɱˣûޣʱ˵飬ֱͷſˡ
λȻǽңôҲǲ֪ͼˡıһҲҪλ߰ɣ
ָΧıȻִԼĿռָ棬óһЩЩҲҵлλһҪ¡
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Ȼһ£ȴûκεıʾڶűƺĿ⣬˱ı飬Ҳ
һ֮ջԼĿ⣬ָŲԶıأֺƣһôӦôһŶԣǿһֶ֮ˣҲһ֡ԴڿʼҼ˶ȥԼϲı
ǡ
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ʵѲǾֻܸȻһȥѰұأأһ·룬ϵĽڶʮ֮еıȫԼС
ת˲䣬ıأѾǵСˣҲһʼķֿжһξһ಻̫Զ
ʱ򣬱һۣԶСֵܣǸѵͲҪﲻɣΪʲôһҲûж
ţǰǸˣԲҪԶ֣һպñأȻֺһݣȻֱӽˡȻͷȻЦһֻϧ˼ֻҪҩ㿴Ķ󲿷ֶǷʲôҩ
ǰλֵܣǺùְͷֳȻСֵܣȻ˹Ź֣ôΪΣ֪
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ˣѹ˰Сʱҡˣ¾£һ𡣴ʱ˵ӰѾʮԶˡ
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ʱıüͷһƺڼѵĳ־ºþ֮Ȼרעѹʣ±صʱ򣬺Ȼֱ֣ӽȻĲӣץԼ档
ǰʲô˼ȻŭԸոսȻģѵŹȥôһᣬҪ̷ɣ
ʵȻǰҲۿűؾҪˣķ֮ģҲѾˣοΪͱȱС˱һסҲ޿ɺǡ
ûʲô˼ĶңҡκһˣҪߣôҪҵŭ𡣡
Ҳȥˣһ֣ô;Բ飬Ѫ˿ɡ
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ץסȻһȥǸߵСӣ̷еĶϽͶҾɱȻ򡣡
˵ʱ򣬱УҲһĴʹ£Ȼɫ˲ѿҲúҪҪ޼£ͺһ֮һ
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ʲôе㳬ϣ۾һת˼ͶԸôԼĶ֣Ӧҵ취ıڵľƲС
ˣϾԼ˲ԸȣҲ޿ɺǣϾһɶȻЦһѵԼҪˣĲΪᣬкܶûûнıأȫͻţûнŷûȥԼүүԸôôʵе㲻岻еʧ䡣
һѪ
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Ϊ֣ԼвѾûˣ׼ֱȻֻȻԲסСֵܣȻѾûκˣôȥɡ
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ۿҪϲӶʱһԵȻڵʱոպãϷڿĻˡ
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ΪʲôЮ㣬ʵܼ򵥣Ϊػޡ
Ȼˣǽ֮󣬾ûзκֻ࣬Ǻʮ챦ĻôΪһǿ󣬷棬˼
ֻһ𰸣Ǿͨˣܿػޡ
ҽѵʱ򣬸ҩ裬һһҩȻ߽⣬Ȼ޲壬һҩ裬Ǳ嵤λáֻҪҪôҾͿڱɢɰϸأ˯ı֮С
ЮʱҾѾҩ裬Ҫһʱ䣬ܴЧ
ڱǸɵֻҪЮңԼ˼δܽ󻯣ûзԼڣѾҪҳһˡ
ϸһĽͣȻȻʣһǰͬʱҲΪԼǰ޴аǸ
˼ӣ΢ָǶǰػޣǸΪʲôֻһػޣһûǸ꾧أ
У꾧Ӧþ棬ֻûпˡָűȻ˼һ£ֵûв´Ӧòһ࣬һԶʱڵģѾֵޣų˫ͷɫΪһ壬ȴӵͷһΪֻһػôҲ޿ɺǡ
Ե˫ͷɫȻ֣һ漣ȻһҲ״½ʷ֮У̫̫࣬ˡ
ûԼлһֻѾޡ


408 ʮ
ԼݣѾ˲ˡ
ôҲͲԼˣֻ壬ϵı䶯ܿͱһӵ˫ͷĺӡ
ɫʮ챦ɫһģһʮַڻͺɫһ
ȿȡȻһͨˣУһǷģֻϧһҲûк㽻֣ͱӣе㲻ġ
ôģҲһӵ侳Ϊޣû־ͰҲ
ֻϧûȤ̽Щ
˵ڵĿ꣬ȥߵĲΣ滹ʲôԶޡͬʱҲԼܴٲ㡣
߹ȥֱڱ˫ͷ֮ϣ¡һֻ˫ͷɫ̻һǵȻԼ档
Ȼͷֵ϶һƯˮϸһĻ꾧һЩʵĻ꾧øӸߵȣǿ
꾧Ȼͷһǽץ棬ԼľϸӦһ£ȥһ֮ĵͷţҲ²һĻ꾧ʵǿշġ
Ȼһ
ϲǿ˶ˣ־ܵĻľб֮еĻ꾧ֻ˫֣ϵˮ֮ϵ㣬һɹӿˮ֮С
룬ȻеĻ꾧Ȼ˾ҵĻζһɹѪɫˮ֮б
Щɫˮ̶֮ȻͷԼľҸһ˿ڣǸطŪѪþѪˮֱҺͣΪֹ
Ȼ֪Ҫĵʲô˷ܵжܵõĻ꾧һţսһΣʱػţӰ۸Ҳʮˡ
ȻһᣬͱÿˣΪԼľѪϵţǸûкͣϵš
ܿ죬Ȼɫͱò԰ޱȣȻȱѪ֢״ʮֵĲ
ΪԼܶסʱڿڣֹͣ;Ѫͬʱ꾧ʩչһȻͷ֮䣬ͺǶͷ֮һ
꾧һҲǿġҽԭ˵ѪѪôˡҵ˽⣬ѪҺԪġҲ˵侳һˮ׼侳޵ΡֻҪ㽫Ϊﵽ侳죬ôͿԽһΡң꾧ҪһΣôޣҲһΡ֪ʮ꣬һֹɣȺ֡㣬ΪˣôͿٿǳҲٿǵҲҪסһôҪһ꣬ΪΪڻ꾧֮еԪޣʧһ꣬ͻiһꡣΪ̫ͣʩչ꾧ĻĿǰֻٻһֻޡ
ǰ˼ӵʥ侳ΪôǷٻһʥ侳ޣʮֻһٻ
࣬ʥ侳㹻ٻеˣҪסһ⣬ǾٻޣһҪע⣬춯ô̾ͽٻȥסɱûʵǰԲǵĻ
ѵǻԱ
пܣΪ㲻ǵԭˣûԭ˵вͻ췴˵˭˶ԣһʵˣԲСǳ㲻ע⣬ɱҲʲôͷֶΪأ
ˣллǰѡ
Ȼ԰ͷȻ˵ķȥܻ꾧ˡȥսɣʣµı
ֹȥʮӵӣ˴¾һ
ҪȻһһǰģǸջͼȻԼǰһε飬ҷѾûˣȥҲֻ㣬Ҵһ㣬Ҫϸһ»꾧Ϊǿſԡ
Ҳã
֪Ȼ˵ʵҲûһֱչȻֱͬӳŵڶʮһȥ
֮ȻϥӦ꾧ȥġ
ʱħȵĵżҲ˷츲صı仯ΪıأѾѰҵĲˣҿŵڣҲβˡ
ʱҲ֪˭ٵģ˴ʦħʦĴѺ֮
Ȼǵõ˲رͼȻѰҵ֮ԣѰҵΪħȵĵż֮УֻһƬ١ȥ޴ڣ˴ɢ֮ˣ״
кܶˣڽֱ֮ӱɱڹȥʱ棬һֱ֮أŽһȻҪʱ䣬һ´˵صܵõٶǶٶ
ǳǧħʦʦϴƽѺڵأʼһһѹΡ
ܿͱɣһҵս޴ذһĴ֮󣬴Ҳȴǣõ˲ٶôνбĵطôȻǿޣǼÿһΣ޵ĵطܼһЩ
Щ޸Щزϵĸˮ棬ҸȻѰұħ̴ҲʼһһѹΣΪżʱħ̾Ͷӣǵʱ̫Σգħ̶Կ⣬ôҪĴۣʵ̫ˣԵʱͷϣһͷʱȴﱻ֮п⡣
ʵһΣĶЩʦǰ￱ѰˣħڱĶġ
ǲϵĿ⣬Լ롣

飬ȻǺڵڴء
Դ뿪Ȼ֮أ˵Ѿ˵ڶʮĹءûȻ֮Ķ֣Ҳһޡ
ǿǰЩȫûκεֿȫһߵľʤ
ȻʮĲ֮ڵһ֣һֻϬţƤʮֵʹʮӣûнɵ
ӵ侳ʵϬţһǿĵ֡
Լٶ෽ͷһЩС
пһ£ȻһͷԼһͷ֮ͷԼѾѹƲסľ磬ۿžҪˡ
Ȼʱʮ챦ȴһŹȻ֮һȵķ֣Լ·ʧȥϵҲ˵ҲԼȻ޷ףôͶķӡ
뷨֮ʱˬֻ˫ۣͺһֱնϬţһϬţɲǺ⣬Ϊǹȥ
ĳΪõѾǹȥ˫۵Ѿ˺κζϬţֱӱˡ
꣡
˫ֽϬţ˺ѣֿһŻ꾧
£˵رʱҲʼȡ꾧жû취˭꾧һء
ԼòôҲԻȥ߹ʹá
ʮĲ㣬ͱʵĳɣôԼ֣ζﲻʮ졣
һ䣬˴νԸǽΪԼĶȻ󷽱Լδս
룬һж˱仯ԼڵʵǰʮܴȥǺԲС
һʥĻ꣬ǴڶλõģҲ˵߲㣬ôڵΪȻ޷ʮ㣬ôҲ޷õˡ
ˣǼɣ߶ԶԶɣ
̾ϢһȻ롣
ڶʮޣһֻ̰ǣʮֵײУһ־צ˺졣ֻϧΪ΢һЩԿ˺ʱգ
ҲкôʵͣôʤҲñȽһЩ
̰Ǳˣһʵ൱ˣôʤʮסķֲʮĲϬţԼֲһᣬͱѰҵһᣬֱӸͷ­
ɱ̰ǣַһıȫС

ڶʮޣӵǿأһͷӥߣӵӥ죬ʮֵķҧؼ䣬κһֶ˵ˡ
һҧסĿǻҺֻҪһô̾ͻʧȥȫӶΪ֮
ͬʱ壬ӵļͣһУôϬţҲ̱ɴ˿ɼôǿ
ӥսʱкüΣһΪȽϸߣ˷תغ֮ڽӥ߸ɵ

ڶʮ߲ޣֻһֱͨӡȻܿɰһһģһأôͻñ
ʱȻ˱״̬һֱͨСãһֻӣȻԼֲذϰٸغϣɲʤ
Ͼӣұ״̬ǿһֱģڴսһСʱ֮󣬱ڻָ˱Ȼץסһֱɱ

ڶʮ˲ޣһֻǿĻӵһ˫򣬿Ϸ裬ٶȣǹǳ
˵ޣѾͨԿˡ
ͨˣôȻͶϧ˿սһһĴ֮ڽɱ

ڶʮŲޣһͷ󣬺ų֮档
ͷ֮棬ûսһһһĳ̣֮˵һѿˮȻΪһԲϺͣʼսġ
Ϊڶʮ˲㣬ѾһˡҵڶʮŲ֮棬Ϊֱߣսʮּ
ΪԼԵʣת뿪ˡ
֮ķϬţǿ󣬹ȴ磬ڶʮ˲Ļһս˼֮󣬻ǽʤˡ
ˣǰĶʮŹضͨˡ
ʱ򣬹Ƴ죬û˽˵ˣ˶ʮ֮ʮ챦棬ŵĶûһߵġ
ѹҩԼΪڶʮŲ㣬һҩһ޸Լ塣
û취֪Լ޸壬ȫʤ̬ʮ㣬ôʮ㣬Ҳ޷ʤϾʮŲ㣬ͲһҪСˡ
ǿֻҪԪôͿ޸赣ʲô⣬Լ֢
ϵ޸塣
һֱҵʱ䣬ŴվɨһۣʮŲ֮ˣԼӦõʮ㿴ˣȻ֪ʮʲôػǴĶʮŲʮһͬСɣԼҲֻȥսܡ
ʮŲ㣬ʵļˡ
֮ԣҪȥʮ㣬ֻҪ֮е㲻ģϾȥôеʧ
뿪ôһΣʱҲ֪Ǻ£Ƿˡ
뷨Ȼһ̬Լľ£ʮ֮С


409 ħ
һƬ磡
ʮ㣬ȻһƬء
˵죬ｨһ½һЩһЩѪĶǰ涼ǸػһЩͬԼļ԰
˵ǰǴ汦֮أôͲǴ汦֮أΪûбֻһء
ȻأҲֲҩҩǺܿɹ۵ġ
ʲôˣ
پͶҵȾҪֻɱˡ
ߣǴʲôطģΪʲô㴩·˵֣װ
ѵûз֣ƺҲ齵٣ҪΪǽµΣˡ
飬ܵģѾв֪ûнˡ
ΪʲôĳһҲ񣬶ʮòأ
Ǹ
Ⱥˡ²ӦǰˡֻǵӣĴ½ϵİˣһЩʵ
ܵ˵ǸСһЩǿ
ʮˣΧУһȻ˵飬ӦҲһЩˣΪ飬ôҲ飬ֱץȥü񿴹ܾͿˡ
ߴߴ˰죬ǸͷˣֱİȽȻȥ뿴˵
ʵǰȺ˵ʵ侳һˮ׼˵ѹǺܴҪôȻԷˡ
ûи˵صôȻҪ̫鷳ֱ־ܣǴȥˡ
·ϣȺȻܺ棬Ҳû̫֡ͬʱ֮ͨĽҲ׹ĻԼһЩ
ܵ˵죬Ĵ½һ´½ȷʵǰˣ֮Щ˸Ĵ½ϣЩײеİˡ
ΪһЩԭĸ첢ûɣİˣһЩ⣬ֻʮ챦һ㣬һ뿪ôͻɢ죬İ취Ҳûʲôջ
ֻܣȥˡ
ȺˣȽϵͣǧķչҲֻһͷӡʮ챦濴ƺСӣʵڲĿռ䣬Ǻܴġʮ㣬ӵʮɽôɴ˿ɼ죬һֲΪѾɽŵʼˡ
Ͼɽŵʼ棬ԼȫʢʱڣҲֻŪһɽʮ
İˣԳΪˣǰˡΪϲ·ϲϲϲʳͺһģһǻĽ٣ϲ磬Ķ
Ҳ֪ȥãǴһկ
ͷǸӣ̶ҵˣ̣Ҫ߶ĳЩү
ãȻйүһ⡣
һ˵Ĺү˵ƺү١
ЩԳ˵ļһͷ˷Ը̽Ѻһ˫˫ţӣһתתʮֵˡ
ʮ֮
լλãһط
һȺˣǸ˿Ѻͷ֮ˣʱվʺ
ʨôʱˣ
㲻ǳȥ𣿡
԰ôͻˣѵʲô鲻ɣ
ˣǲǸħˣһηѣҪǵذ
һȺνˣʱ
ǵӣǸʨͷˣʱεĿһλͬҲûħˣʵҵСӣѲصʱ򣬷һˣšһֵˣһҲƣˣò࣬ҾͽѺˡ
ʲô
ʱһ˵صͷֵĿʨ˵ǵСӣץһ
ǵģèͷӥ峤ˣʨԲ⣬èͷӥ峤ϴ󣬲Ǵǻ۵Ĵ˵һ壬ܷչ񣬿˵ܣèͷӥһͿйϵèͷӥһ壬Ҳ׽һ壬ӵ鹵ͨÿһ֣èͷӥһϵ
Ⱥ˭Ҳܿèͷӥ峤
èͷӥ峤ѯʣôʨȻṧĻش
һһ𣬺ܿͽһ飬ȫһȦôһ˽⣬ͬʱĺ棬Ҳ˲١
ѵǸˣ飿
ֳˣڴ
֣Ϊʲôˣûèͷӥ峤ϵأ
ѵҪͷһ壿
ôⶼһϢӦСһ㡣
죬һ㽫ˣ²Ӧΰèͷӥ峤ʮָּʨ𣬷Ը̽
ʨ𲻹ȽϴӵоԷӸ˼άȻûзԣֱ߳ȥ˹
ʱ򣬴ҿӣʱһȲѡ
顣
ˣ
һ£͸ǡ
ΰ飬һˡ
һȺˣֱӹڵϡ
ͷèͷӥ峤ֱǰһơҲˣһˣΪ飬ôҪʲôͿʲô
ΰ飬һǵĺ֪𾴣ݽΣգ㽵Ƭ½ˡ
ǰΰ飬ΰѾЩаħˣѹեռ䣬ϵСֻйȥռʮ֮һѾ֮հ
ΰ飬㷢ȱ췣Щаħˣȫɱɡ
ħˣ
Źڵϣһ壬ɵ˼νħˣʲôһȻ˵ľ£
ȿȡħˣΪʲô˾ǣϸ˵һ¡
Ȼ飬ôȻҪһ¡
ʵ죬࣬Ǽʱ򣬲ŻΪ顣ʵ㲻ǰκһˣôᱻġ
Լ֮֮ȻԼ飬ôҲͲøǿˡ
װ飬ôȻҪӡ
Ⱥˣʼйħ˵һУԼǺһ
ܵ˵ЩħˣʵҲġ
ͨǵĽ׹ˡ죬һ½Ҫѡһ飬ΪƬ½ˣѡ࣬ѡޡǾ飬ʺ棬ΨЩİˣʺ档죬ʩչֶָΣŬһЩϡŹֵİˣҽǵųȻܴⰴ֮еأȻǿﷱֳ
ʵһʼˣֻһٸҡʮˣʮŮˣ֮ΪҪǷֳ
һֻˣʼƬطϢڳʼǶڼ䣬켸ÿ춼ڹעǾ֣ǽһЩѣĸ졣ʱ򡣵Ҳ֪ȥ˶ã콥ȺޣѾӦҪע֮Ǿȥˡ
ȥ֮һǧһ巢չĻǺܿɹ۵ģûʲô⡣һǧһͷ
èͷӥһΪ׵ˣǼûǣӦػ飬Ƭأ
һèһ壬һ壬һΪףѾ飬ǲϣ飬ǿƬأΪصˣԼ
Ƿ˼ҵΪһԲϣ֡
ˣڷɢȺè꣬ˡˣ뿪˹ʾӣ˴½һħԨĵطȻﷱϢ׳Լ塣
ΪħԨè壬ͽԼΪħˡԭʼһ壬ʵֽһ塣
ˣǼÿһҪһѪս
ǧһ֮սûֹͣʤһٶ棬ħǿѾһ꣬ѹסһʮһȵ˴֮УǰûдѾһ壬Σյʱ̡
ΪҶףһ壬Сһ㣬ôħһᷢսǸʱһ壬Ϳܱˡ
Һãʱǵǰˡ
ȺˣܷŹᡣ˵Ӧ˽İȺˡ
ǽԼԸΣȫ߸ϣ˽⡣
ġҪߵһ㣬ôͱͨҵĴ
ֻèͷӥ峤ͨһµǸħˣսΪʲôҿǣ˵ľǣ
飬ȺħˣһصͷŻ棬꣬ô𶯣ֲӵԼĵˡèͷӥ峤򵥽һħˣĽܣпǾȲѡ
Ϊ֣èͷӥ峤Щħʩչ֮Ӧþħ˵ǽħˣҲȴû˵
ȺˣҲȴͨˣûʲô𣬶һȺⷢϲһеˡ
ħһ壬ʲôĸ֣ĵ⣬ֱѯ˳
һ壬ҲûʲôĻǼѯʣ̻شˣħһ嶼ǿǿģ峤һ˿Զսʿ߰ˡ֮⣬Ĵ󻤷սס
ʨʿ
ս൱侳ӡ߰˸ô͵һ侳ʦ˵ǿԼĳܷΧ֮ڡ
Ȼа֣԰һҲвˣһսҲη壬ͬˣǵ󣬴Ӧǽйħ˵顣
һһ壬ʱ
ΪӭĴèͷӥ峤ٰһδ͵ףΪèͷӥ峤ʼԸеˣô׼ף
һʱ䣬ûʲôɸɡèͷӥ峤Ĵ£ʼѲ˵կӡ
һ߹۲죬һèͷӥ峤Ľܡ
ͬʱҲèͷӥ峤Ļ棬̽²ڡǸطʱñħռ졣
ΪǸλãħԨ
һףԼħһսѾ޷⣬ֻӲͷƤˡ
ţɫʱ
һ壬е˲ŸϻشկҵеǱȽϷḻģʲôӣʲôꡭ֮߰ʲôУʱĺܺ档һ壬ΪʲôϲҰޣ
ۣӦͬŶԡ
Ȼ˵ʣûѯʣΪ֪ԷԼͣôԼҲӦѯʡ
֮⣬ǻһЩɫˮЩˮʶģҲϵģѾʧĴ½֮ˡ
ֹȥһСʱ׼ȫ׵ˣèͷӥ峤ߣһεףᣬʽʼˡ


410 ħ
νףʵ߳ȡ
ȻΪܸףҲһЩˣڳŪϷԼֽĿ
˹עģ̨ˡ
Ⲣ˵һ赸ôĺãô˾ޡ
ǵ赸ʵ̫𺳺Ϳ־ˡ
㶼õһȺӵףˣڳŸָ赸ʲôƤ裬ʲô裬ʲôʹ衭
Ժ֮УڵĻ棬Ҳ־壬ΪһĻʵ̫ˡļʶ۹ľһĻҲɵƤֱ˵ı飬úܿա
һ壬ûзĲף˸߲ңʱʱ˴кá
ʵ˽⣬һ֮УŮ˵ĵλʵҪߴһЩϾŮҪһǷϢҪһ顣
赸ˣÿһ˶Ը⡣ǶҪһ飬ʲôӡ
һ裬һ߹۲Ӻ;ٶżһֱۣ¡߹ദľˣҲһ׼û߹Ưˣ⣬ǵ̫͵ģúˣܶġ
赸֮ЩŮһ뿪
һȺУʼ˸ָˤӣ֮ıȶܵ˵ȶǱȽϷ۹ۣĺԣʱǵˣǰ赸Ӱ
Եèͷӥ峤ʱʱĿǵˣЩ˶еʿ㿴Ǹͷˣһʿ˵˫ʮɽӡĶ֣һĺ֮㣬һҲͬСɣͨˣ޷
ţǵ͵ĵͷһ侳ΪʿôĻĸײһˡ
ͷǣèͷӥ峤̻ӻ֣һ֮ܵУĻһߣе˶
һʱ䣬е˸ߺһϵĸߺ飬ͬʱҲߺųбȶ֣һʱУֲѣҶܿġ
ڱȶ֮èͷӥ峤ֱӻӻ֣ȶˣרŽйרŸԣ޼
ʱ⴩󣬺ܿףͽˡ
Ϊһ죬ͱڣèͷӥ峤סǸԺ档ˣ׷׵ĸ뿪
Ȼȥʱһӣʮֵĺƺ˵ʲôӡ
ûϸͻصԼķ֮С
ոս뷿֮УʱףȻ۲ܣ֣Լ棬ȻϢ
˭˭Ͼһ壬˼⶯֣һЩҪˡ
ôԺ󣬶ʱסˡ
˼ӣ첽߹ȥʱ򣬲ŷԼ֮УȻһŮŮӣһ۹ϵŮԵ˲֪ˣʱΧˣһȺڣһʱ׼ȥӡ
ˣһɯ壬һǾβ塣
ֵһħˣһһ壬βһ壬ǽסҲΪˣβһ壬˵Ⱥ֮УʵǺ˴
һͲͬˣΪھβһ壬һŮҲ֮еһǾβһĵλõӦߡһɯŮҲһ֮УŮȺһ̫٣Ժһ塣
һͼβһ߹ɯ֮ʵܲԸΪ峤Ļᣬչ˺ˣǲòͬЭ
е뷨̫ҲܲµһУɲǷһЩҪ顣
һŮУǵӣֻǺͨ࣬ټǵ壬಻ͬë׵ģצӣĺ޷ͺϲ
һĵΪʲô
ˣèͷӥ峤ⰲǰޣЪϢġ
˿ˣһͬϢ
ˣʲôһҪϧǡ
ˣɫѾˣ컹ҪеˣһϴЪ
ãȻ²һ޵ġ
˼䣬ôԲ̫⣬طνһ壬ô»⡣
ˣȻ뵽һ⡣
ȻǼȻ˰ţôضġô죬ǸյıСǾѵһʳˣȻ˵ŮˣҲĶɣ
û취ʮ챦ֻһˣҲֻſܵĴ
ʱ̫֮УǸʯ֮ϵˣͻȻһ磬ɵӵ˭˭ڱң
ˣ
ӻ֣ʾԼ
ˣʱŵˣһæģԭ¡Ҳѹڵ˼䲻ͬ
ݣϵĴڡ
һǵԼôŷĵطûеطܾǵҪȻᾪġ
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һߣҲھҵߣҪһ飬Ȼǻɵ顣Ǽʶ˻ɵǿȻҪ֪ôһ¡
ѯʣôȫӡԼףֵܽöѯ⣬ôɾͲڱˣĽ£ڰʩչһЩֶΣûɵΪԿġ
Ǵҵ۾ʱһǶһɡڳˣֻǶ̶̵һʱ棬Ϳ˲šڸһʱ䣬һôʲôЧ
һʱ䣬е峤
һڴɫε̾ϢһȻԼ֣ôһӣһôҹȵ˼عŵȻǸǾΪҲӦע⵽ˣħһ壬ܸǼչĻᡣһս֮ڱضһ
ԣӦǽҹ󣬾ͻ᳾䶨ͻȻվ۾


413 ڼ
ҹ

˻죬һȺˣôϳֺأ
ΪˣϾĽ壬ǵĳЩ٣Լķʽ಻ͬ
ʱϢȳƣûʲôر˵ϢͺǴһ
˵ʾôˣӦû̾ӶŪЩŪһžҹŶԡ
룬ôһΪħһ壬ǿԤδ֪صΪԲͨ˿Ժġ
һ׼ôȻ⣬ħˡǲ׼ֳǵĽΪǸոʤһڹȥŵսһ˵һϲ¡
ȻϵĹȻҪġ
һȺѲ߶ӣʮӣҪȥһȦѲΧߡҲмtʼڹ۲ܵ
֮⣬ķʩ
tʮֵĸߡΪҪ棬ҪյʵΪȫԲͬtҲԷе˵ĸ߶ȡôһʮֵԪ޷֧̫֮áһͣĲtǱرĽ
һt棬ͨ£ֻפˡսʱ£մʮˣһӣҲɵļ⡣
ʱפأt֮ϣ˸tϢϢˣһ߳źöһ߶Ÿt֮ˡ
˵СӣôҵʲôѵǶûзֲɣ컨˴һħ˵ȷ󽫣
ô
ʹٵʱ򣬿û˲šɿ˵زôǷҲأ
ףʵĺáˣҲӵлΪ˵ħ˵ĽԴܶء
Щ飬ֻи߲֪ײû֪Ȩġ飬ִ綼ˡ
Ⱥtˣһ˽ʵǵħѾȥôˣΪˣҲսʤħˡ
ϧʹ̫ˣǽ˶һ¡ʱֻҪ峤һ£ǳȥȥħ˵תһȦֱӽáοСĹܣ±ħ͵Ϯأ
ǰɺȺħˣȻʱ򷢶ͻȻϮ
˵ʹ˵ĵʮ˻ǣôȻҲˡһεս֮ҾҼҵСȥʹúѧϰһЩȡҲ
Ϊʲô㲻ȥ
ȥʲôҶٶˣѾʱ䡣ڵңڹٰʮ꣬ҾͿԻһѻˡҼСȥءϾ٣δ֪ڣôһңҲ
ΪʲôССϴأ
ϴޱ̳ҵļҵ϶ǸСӣҲȥɵҵ
һӣһְҵҲһİšڶˣ׷׻Ӧһ䣬ȻУҲһЩƽϵġ
Ȼ˵Ĺȴûע⵽
t棬һɫӰӣϵƯšɫӰӲ󣬵ٶ죬޷۲쵽
ಣ
һķ֮ɫӰӣtһλãȻ󻯳һСӣĵ˽ȥ
ôһգۣôһ˲Ĺ
tʮˣ˿ûע⵽仯̸Ц
ϳ⣡
Ȼһž͵ҰˣһԼԵˣѯʵϳĺ棬ʮַ࣬δģ

ϳôˣ˲ѯʵ

ȻûκεĻشΧ˶ܲ졣һˣе㻳ɵĵѵȶˣ˯ȥˣ
ƨڸtطʲôʱȶλѵˣȵľƣ峤ģ٣ҾƾҲ͡οֻǳζˣûȣЩƾͨԪƳ塣òͷˣһصĵϳǲʲô⣬߻ħˣ
ܣղ˵ء

۷׷׵ʱǸгˣֱӵ˵ϣĲϣȻһڶ˿ڣѪѾ
һĻ˶һʱһƬȻ
ôˣ
ôˣ
Ǹ˿ôһ£

ãһǵϮ̾tСӳվþ̬ȻСĹ۲ܡ
ĺҲ׷վ
Ȼһվʱֲtʮ֪ʲôʱֻĸ˿Ի˶վԭأ߶һһҲȻҲ糤ȥ
ͨͨ
һ˵ж֮У֪һʲô⣬Сӳ˵Ϯˡ
ӳʲôӣӦѰҵ֪ɱԼͬǣôȻһˡ
֪ԷʲôˣôǸûа취з
Сӳ˼£Ǹڶһֲ²⣬Ҳȷǲ
ʲôӳ
԰СӳĲ²˵ҲǷһ¡

Ҳ²⣬Ӧһǿ͹ħˣǳΪħˡԼԼħСӳһ£Ȼ峤ѵʱ峤ǽܹħħˡڰʱ̬ҹʱħǵ̬ǹ̶̬԰ԼԸ仯̬ڰʱƻˡħ̬ҹʱƻˡ
𣬲ҹж𣿡
ǵġħ仯ǾһԼ۾̫ӣӿµĹıࡣСӳԼĺ룬Ȼÿһĵطҹħٶƣҹ棬ԽٶʮݺצӶʮַر𹥻ʱ򣬿Աһͷ˲̴ԼĵˡϵĿգȻת˺
Сӳ˹Ȼ֪ʶԨ
ˣȻˣôȻǵϮˣǻǸϽ峤ʾɣһˣСĵ
Ȼտ˵СӳһצӣԴŴԴ棬ץһڹ¡˵塣ʱ壬Ѿˡ
ȻħħˡɫĶСӳ̾ϢһתŻŵ˷Ը̳Χʾ

ˣ̱ϥĵͷȻʱСӳҲ΢еɢһħͿˡԷܣɳħΪױǷ֡
Ȼתʱ򣬽ʣµ˱ֱֳȥ
һ̣
ѪĽǸСӳ
ȻҲûףΪʲôħ˻֮ħt
˵أʵһоtаֱڶϱϣϣ˸򡣶һصĺλá
ںλõĲtʵϮt
t棬˵ĺءصΧסŲ˵Ȩ󡣵ȻҲвȨǵˡ
һ˶Ժ䣬ڲtԱߡԺ䣬˵һȨ󣬺ų峤֮£һ̵Ļǲ塣
ʱǲһԺ棬ԭӦǵġǽ죬һ䣬Ǹü۵Ļϥվһεķ棬齹ĵȴš
Źȥʮӣηĵ£ͻȻһ춯žһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
ֹȥӣʩչһ׹ŹֵֶΣƾŪһͨڡһ֣˻
еһ߳ˣȻ
̱ϥǰһΰ֪ܵˣһι˵أҸоҡ
һۻʵͦġ
Ϊ⣬һܲûгֹʲôǿĶ֣һ汸ѹ
ǻһڷ;̣ǾʱڵоڱһĽ壬չΪһ̣רžӪ
֮УΪ׬ȡ棬ôȻҲҪħ˴ɽ͹ͨΪ˽Լҵ鲼ħأȻҲҪһֶΡ
飬ˣħ峤˽ġȻȴ֪ʵһ壬ڹȥڣֻǽһǿ塣ʵǵľͰ£һġ
ˣһһܣһõӰˡھҪʹӵʱˡ
ʵҲ⣬˵Ĳٿءףһ˵δʵΪһûа취ſſȥеһУô簲ĵĵһܣٻء
οһġ
ħɱˣôŪþͻḲڻ˵ȫûеֿᱻħɱġ
ǶͶħһ壬ʵʮֵԡ
̯̯֣˵˵ǸνʹʲôݣӵʲôΪ
ΰǸʹǴ߽ˣӵǰδ֪һʮѲĶ֡򵥽һйϢȻվһԲ
Ļо𶯣ͬʱҲףҿԼǰϮǸʹһʱ䣬ôħһΣˡԴһԤδ֮Լ֮ƺѾÿݽˣôԤ⣬޷Ԥ⵽顣
룬ǿиϵпԼ޷Ԥ⵽顣һ뵽ͷ֣һεսӿɲС
һӣ½ͬʱԸ䣬ǰռƻ¡Ⱥ͵õִ£֮ԼĲ壬ǰǰ趨õλã½ΧϮ
ǵϮͻȻڲtΧסˣصʧΪսʱԶڹ˵һľԻеġǻ֮̽Чķͬʱʼڽںˡ
һŽһˡ
ɱĺݣ˵Ҳܹϣ˵Ѹ١
һյĹħ˾Ͷȡһ֮أҿʼ𲽲ʳΧˡȺħˣԼʹǲΪռΪ˵ūΪɱǣһ֣;Բ顣
һô˵ĵֿϾʧȥԭе塣
ʱ֮ڣһصլԺ֮С˶䣬£صĵʹˣȥ˵ʧ»ʮءǲǣھͷأ
һ䣬е˶ڵȴĴ𸴡


414 ʼ
ڵȵȡ
һʮֽˣû̾Ǻܵڵȵȡ
ڵʲôʲôʱʼû˵
ʱһЩ۾Ƚ϶ˣֹᷢȥܸߵĻɵˣѾĪʧˡ
ûûߣôȥʲôط
Ҫ֪ڳ䣬Ķϵ̫Ǵ˵еʹɲΪǵȦӡΪˣͨࡣ
ڻϣڴͳ˵ΪҪ߼Ϊ࣬ûͳһĴ½ʱӾӵ磬ǸʱˣñһΣǻԹˡ
ȻѾңԶĹȥˣǸ뷨ȴ˵ϾĴ۳֮ĵλ𽥰θߡһֱȱˣǨƵ֮ϾϵʱѾԺɨĴ½ˡǸ໹Ǹ˺ܴĳ
Ļ𣬺ܿܺķֱֳӵĹϵ
ԹתʵԼ˼ֻĿǰչͳһġҪİҲҪͳһ磬Ȼ֮̽
ڵĳƽˣ䳡棬Щ󽫣徫ӢڵλãȴһƬңϾЩˣɶǵ尡
ȥа
ǰǵˣڲϵ
ͷѹţͳȥǽȳˡ
治ףΪʲôʹˣסܣҲ֪ǼϢȴħ˵Ľѵʹ˲ǵս£ҹʧ𣿡
꣬Сһ㣬ʹ˵Ķʮģ飬صġǲҪǣʹ˿Ǹոǰ˵ϰԺս˽Ĳ̫һЩʵʹ󣬻пԭġ
ĸˡڵʮӣ滹ûôҾͶһ˳ȥҵǡ
һҲ̲סˡ
ţǾڵʮӡ

˹սȦ
ѾһƬ𺣣ɱ¾ʬ塣
УһȽϸԣլԺסΪص˽졣ʮǰħսʱ򣬷ϵһֻ첲Ӵ˳ȥֻﰲꡣ
ħ˴ӵصصʱ
λֻһֻ첲Ľ죬ڸԼΨһŮ˵һʢᡣ
ᣬǲӦòμӣҲӦþٰġ
ΨһŮһһصļܹܿ˽꣬ûˣ
˽ƽ塣˫ۣһиκһֶǿĹҲΪĹֶΣս
һ壬Ҳ棬ǿ֮һʱУ˿֪
룬ʮա
룬̫ˣֱβһŮˡ
ƨβһŮʲôΰĹǰֻһˡ
˭ʱһĵ⴦լԺ洫һȺȶ˵Ů˽
Ȼ˵ŮҲɣ˵ǲŮҲɡΪǲˣһȺˣһħˣΪǾǾβһǿߡ
ΨһǵĴʻ㡣
ֻϧǵβʵ̫ˣҲ̫ˣеӰۡʵƶʱȶ˵ģ˵ɱκһִԶǵı¡
ֻβСӣɾβһžβ졣ǵĵһʮֵĲϲ
˫ǵжһԷˣս״̬
ģǾβһ壬ôܵ˵֮ˡ
Ⱥķѵħ˽ӦˣûκϢֱһȺ
ԣΧƺеڲͬȫǹȥĶ
ףôɱ֮ѵ
ãһǵ˹˴ӪԾβһ壬ŻլԺġʱеһˣ˹
׷ͣеĶرһЩ֮ĶȻûЩΧΧĺɱ֮ĴǿԶδľƣһȵжϡ
ľβţƺһҲżӣֻĵǸղŲңΪʲôһ𣿡
𰸣ʵǿԸǵġ
ôģĿžβӵ
ȻǾβһֱǺˣĵ׶βŪһ崺ı飬ȻðɣȻҪֿ֪ޱӣôӾ͸ǰɣǰ֪Լôġ
ֳôһָȻϸϸĵҿԺȷĸǣǴߵĻլԺ߳ġ
ĻǵҪʲô
ǣȺΪʲôҪǽ
ߣһͶˣΣѵֻƾʮβͿ㣿
ʮˣֱ
̫ˡβӿǵĿ⣬ҲһЩϸ΢ĸı䣬ֻֻ˱棬ȴûע⵽ʵΧĺɱ֮ǵˣڽǵˡҿԺֱӣֱ׵ĸǣǵѾռˣ󲿷ֵغլԺǻԭ֮ƣϵĳɱȥ
빫ܵˣֻǾβ壬ĵNլԺˡ
ʲôһžβӵĻû취βӵĻʵ̫澪ˣΪǴûз顣
Դħ˷ѳȥȻ˵˿ڲϵʧ˵ûˤ䵽޷赲˽լԺĵز
ţڵ˲ǡֻɱΣһʱûзӦˡ
ȴҶӦôȫԷɱȥȫɱ
ȻҲһЩǵġرǳڿôΣǿɲţħֻһˣڲңⲿ
һķӦβӾ֪ǲԼĻεҡҡͷһ䣺˵ʵѾûˣôûм˵ȥˡ
ۣ
һתβӵβͣʮɵĳ²ɨһ¡ʱһѪѪһѵ룬˵֮С
һ룬ġڿβӵ˽֮Ĳ飬е㲻·ֱʩչ츳˰˵״̬ȻƵĿβӡ
һǰѵ̬Ϯ
ֻϧ̫ˣеԣԸոշĴֱӷֳΣظˡ
һβӾһεĵǣȻûм̸ȥ˼ˣôǾͶְɡס峤ĻһϮôȻҪ̣ҪѪҪ𣬾ԲܸǷĻᣬ𣿡
ף
βŮǣ̷ЦȻһ幥ȥ
ж洦ڱ֮е벿壬ȻҲɵɵԴСЩ֮ˣ඼ħ֮ս֪ħ˵ĿºǿǵķҲ׺ݵġ
λʧȥһֻ첲뽫еٮٮߡֻһݵĽӴͷϵһֻͨββ͡
ֻ̫ãոմչͱβӶϡŶǾβӣԵĹ
βӣʲôˣ
βһľţδԿԼ̳оβְλˡ츳ӹɡ
ľβӣһΪѾ侳ˮ׼Ǹ뽫Ķ֡
ֻǼһ֣뽫·硣žǾβķ񹥻ÿһεĹ뽫޷
䣡
һĹ뽫һֻ첲ҲβжβӿһԼսƷȻһεĵһȴҲòİţɱȺųķ
㡭뽫³һѪкǷơʧȥһֻ첲ôȲ˴ݵ¾βӸɵ
ôΪҲǿʥ侳һӡ
Ǿβӣûи̫˼ʱ䡣žͺβôһɨ뽫ͱһʬ塣
ǣһѾˡʣµˣѾɱˡ
βӵĻ䣬빫ͷһ˹Ϊղս뽫ĸףһ¸ҵսʿ
ΪŮˣ빫ȻҲҪΪҫս˸ս˹ֻϧֻòûһĿֶΡ
֮󣬽һУͱβֱӴһ̲Ѫ
βѪŮˣرЩǾβһŮ
β˵̫ˣҲϲô롣Χľβ׷׵ЦһȻ½ɱ
빫ˣǵ£ܿһһߵʬ塣ֻĳʵ˵棬ϵš

լԺ棬žβ䣬ɫصĵƺе㲻ԣΪʲôҸоǵľӽչ̫ѸˣһҲأЩ˵ľӢսʿƺûгְ
𾴵ˣܲڽհս֮УڻɴʤԴҶȥףˡټϣʹҲҪָ㾫ӢսʿǵսڵľӢսʿԼ䣬ڱɽ¡Ͼһ֮Զ˵һ˽ġ
Ľͣ΢һ㣬žβΣǼȻս֮սôͲõʤ˸ĲӣץսȦԲӣܸ˵ľӢսʿӦĻᣬΧļ֧壬ڿԷϮˡţЩܵˣѾʼطˣôΧ򣬾ʧȥˡ
ȥԸǡβͷתȥˡ
һʱ棬լԺ֮Уһžֹȥ˼ӣԶɱ֮жϣȻħ˲壬ʼϮˡ
Ԥӣⲿħ˲壬һϮɱ̬ٱϾĵ򣬴ѹĵط
ħ˴ڰԼļƻһʩչţҲЦݣʲôʹʲô࣬ԺˣΪʱͻᣬôҲ޼¡
Ȼȥ֪ħ˴ޱʱڱɽλõҲԼֱۣеǰһȻ󿶿˵λղǲһֱսôҸǣսʱѾˣǿ֮Уȫɱ֮ڣħ˳ףΪһӰҲ޷ʲôˡ


415 

糾䶨
Χˣ̰ԭķ׷ж
ѾŻǣһ̳˸ɾѵɱ⣬ǾԲͷġһǰƣڹȥȺ棬û
ܣΪʲôôһֱսܵԭɡ
ûѪԣͲʤ
ûʤôֻܱѹơ
ѹƣôͲκδҪδôֻܼѪԣһͦأս
Ҳˣսĺλã˵ǣһħ˵ɱһĶûСϣǼסһսǧҪҲҪ顣ǵͬǵˣóǰٷ֮ٵսΪǸɣúɿԵ䣬һļȺӢǣԼΪʲôվӦս
Щͨⷽħˣһ̷ŭԴʾԼС
ɱɱǡ
ȥħȻбҲܷ²أҶˣǲܷ²ˣֻҪǷеǾͻʩչ֣ǵԴˣѾǹȥʶħˣһȺӣһȺֻ֪ɱ¾ķӣҪȥɱǰɡ
ɣɱǣҪΪҵֶ𡣡
ҵŮҲǵ֮£ҲҪΪҵ𣬸ɵħˣɱÿһ
սڻɱһ޺ۡ
˾Ӣǣ࿶Ļһ£ȻĲɱħ˵ĹȦͬʱȺһ峤¡һѾ׼õ˾Ӣȴһ򣬽˵¡
Ⱥ࣬ǸǺúÿһ˵Ϊ侳۷塣˵ǳκһս𵽾Եá
ʱ˵һ峤ȴ£ʵе˷ѽ⡣ʱѾɱۣŭסǸ֪ʲôսʲô仯
ƽһƽ
ƽһСʱ֮󣬺ħ˹ٶҷ˻ɱսһ˳սʤ
˵һսӮʮ˳
кܶԭ򣬵һħ٣˶ࡣڶħɱʱûע⵽˴ͻȻ֣׼١˲֣ħ˵ʵǿΪս̫ǵĸҲɢ޷ȫλչˡ
һ࣬˻˳սʤڳսʤ̷ֳ֮˰֧ڰ˸˾ֵ£ֱӰ˸·ߣħء

֮⣡
Ҳǻһľۼأħ˵ʱָҲħ˾ӣصĵһվҲֵĵط֮һ
˷ʱȻܿõϢҲԪĿռ侵棬˵һս
˵Ϣ磬׼սˡ
ţȻȽϷսУһһôһС鷳
ӸղŵսȻǺ֯ģֳ˰֧顣ûһ֧սԽɱǵĲӡ
ȥǵĶɿ»ʧأҽ̸ı뷨仯һ¹̬Ҳֳɰ֧ӣȥģһսǵĨɱ
ףôһǵˣҲ˲أܾ˵Ĵ򷢣ҪĽ
˵ĺãˣħ˵ȺҲֻʣʮ֮һôҲڲʤԲһõĽ
ħˣʲôʱ¹ʧ
ƨѵΪǶƵģһѣȫںʧҪ֪Щ壬϶ֻмˣе壬ֻмʮˣһʧٰʮˣصʧŪãһսм壬˶壬ǾԲϣ龰
һȺųǰϹǵħѪ

һʱΪħ˵˵ȴûʱվֹǵڿʱվ洫ͺĻ棬ϵ˼š
ı֣ɻ
ħȺ֮УҪҪ峤òʱһۣȻվǳЩ峤
죬ͨͨ졣
ΪԼפ𣿡
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ʱԼ۾Լüͷžβ峤ȥѯһ£Χˣɱʲôλãĵˣ۶Զ
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ھ͵ǲе磿ҲĵĲ֮һͬ־Эɱְ
شӪħľӡ
һ̣򲻵ѵʱǾԲǽǰߵġڹȥĺܳһʱ棬ħδսûеһ֧
Ի峤ѯҲпԭġ
ѯʣֱһתȥǹȥڣѾȫͬˡ㿴ûУʿ磬սռơΪʤǱ㾡СֻҪʤôĶ˵ο͵ϮӪأһֲ˸ûȥǵĴӪ£ȫõģһֻ
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رǸղţڹ۲ʱվ棬ͻϢʱ򣬷һ㲻·ر˵ӣȻ׼ķʱ׼ĵֿӡ˵ľӣſƶȣйͶ̬
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УʮʱʤôҲǲʤһ֣ҿԸʱʱ֮ڣǱ͡
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ǽһûϵһǽˣôħ˵ĽʮΣա
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βԼתҪȥԸ˴š
ʱסߵҪϧһд۸ҳ壬ԱųɣôҲҪʱ֮ڣҴ򵽺Ȧ
β峤һתȥԸ
ڶȥҲʼնʱվսơʱվʱ򣬰֧˾ӣ˶Ĵƣϲʳħ˵ĽħˣϾսˣǾһʱս֮ܺҲ׵սˣǲϺˣΧͬ׼ϵֿ֧˾ӡ
һһʼƣ˼֧ײײƱøֺͿ£ÿһӣ
Ȼʱվһ˸֣һ־ɱʮħսʿĶͷֳһƽ͡ӻ֣Ұ峤ǰȥ֧ԮսʿǣҸɱ˵󽫡
Ұ峤תȥ
ֹһӣڶħ峤ȥ
ӣ½ħ峤ǰǰȥӸɱ֡ǰսˣһ⣬Ǿ֡
Ȼǵĳ֣ôΪ˸ɱԷľֶ׼ˣǵسǸɱˣ϶ƲʲôˡԤڲ֮Ǽ峤ȫħսʿС
սϵĽȥ
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ǲɱĻ⡣
ħҲգҲãʱǺףΪ΢һע⣬Ϳɾ޴ʧ
ʱ򣬻峤ȴһص߹ߣСĵҸղϵӪȴûκλӦƺе㲻Ծ
û˻Ӧһ˻ȥѯʣ
ȥˣʱڣܻر£ǱȽȫģȻŹκһϸڡ
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ͨ⣬ܿǳֹϣֻħɱԲ̫ظһʱ䣬ѯһ£ƾͻϢˡ
ָǰʱվľƵ̸ҴЩ峤Ǽٷޱȸɱ峤Ĳ־塣
õġ峤ĽͣҲͲڼԼ෴ҲΪķܶ·ӪѹԺ󣬼ִ
Ȼȴ֪һ֮ǰȥħ˴Ӫѯħ峤ˣѾڰ·ʱ򣬱ɵʿסһɱҰ֮С
ȺɻʿһѪȻǸովһսʱɱ˻峤ȥ֮󣬻ɶԼߵļӰ꣬ǼصĹãڿʼǾħˣô͸취ɱмǲҪκһˡ
İɣӰ꣬ظʾԼ
Ǿˡ
ɴһӣкһ꣬׷׸ϻɵĽŲ
ǸߣӰһ꣬Ͳ磬ղΪʲôӦΪȥɱ
޴ǸӰ꣬ŭսս㶮Ǹոջħ˴ӪսѾˡսʤôȻܵõҪĺôսʧܣôҲԴݲȵȥʱشǵİ֮ءǸŻɻȥôҪħ˵Ĵսʱһ΢ע⣬Ϳ׷ּңҪĽ


416 Ѫ
ħ˵ǿӹɵġ
Ͼħ֮սѾʷ˵ĵ伮棬ҲعйħǿӺ;֤ԴҶ
˵Ӱ꣬˵Լеĵ֮Ӱ꣬ͣͬʱĬ˶Էľ
û취ɹġ
һлˣôӮսʲô壿֣ҲǻɷԸģҲΪ˲ֻͿܻСһˡ

ɴ磬ҿһ˾Ϳԡ
ӰʮˣǶǷе˷ս
Ҫ˵ȫػһ𷵻ز䣬ѵѡ񡣰ʹ˵ķԸħ˸Ҳû塣
Ҫȥ滻ˡ
ȥеСáӰˣҲһһĺ֡ҿȥɣһССè壬ȥҲŲʲôó
֪ͣԼĽŲһĿԼСϵǣԼصĵΪҲ֪ʲôҿԺҺܸ˵ĸǣҪ¾ԲܡΪǸطҪǿأӰֵܣû˿ʹ˸ҵġҪǣǳʲô뷨ҲһҺľʾһ䣬ǧҪս֮¶ӣǽ֮أǣߵֵܣԼļˡ
ǣǡˡһ̣ЩĵˣҲ޷ԼˡΪڻɵĶ۾棬ѪɱȻֻҪ¶ӣôӭӶģܿǻɵ֡
ԴֻгĬֻſȥ
һˣİٵӡ
ڻɵ£ܿص˵ĲפءڰȫǣɲûֱӳȥǴеˣһɽ֮ϡǿԽ˲䣬ûһ䣬һ
ǵĹע£˲䵽ս𣬵ɱ¾
Ǹ˺Сֻʮ꣬ȥһֱҵߣͺһƨ棬ˣһǱʬˣ̫ɶˡ
ǱߡǱǸˣƺҴ硣ãҴΣգǸħˣԲҴԿģҪȥ
ҪףΪʲôȺɵļһΪʲôҪΧҵĸסбµս
ģȺħ˵ô벿֮صģΪʲôһҲ
ǴĿΧĲ£ȥǵˣᱻɱġ
ߣҪɱǣôҲҪһĴۡ
ɴ磬ǳɣ
ǰɴ磬ɱȥɡ
˶Լ΢ģֻһ𣬲γЧķرǻʹΣӻɵİţô͵ʹ˵ķԸһȥļʻߣһпܷΪʤΪԼѸ
·ûǵĽͺڹ۲ܣʱüʱɻʱŭʼûоչ
֪֣ڲΧһѪɫĺ컨
ڿѪɫ컨ʱ򣬻ɵ۾˲վһӣָǸ컨λõûУ컨ڵλãǵĵطǴһҪĵط
ûй֮ǰҪ˵һɱȥôսһСģôͿûа취ڸ
Ҫһ䣬֮Ƿеӵģ
ûУûпѪս۵˵ӣǿЩսǣôֻзŭֻб𡭡
ȻˣôҪҵɱǾ͸ҷɱǳˣǾ͸ҿٵĳˣǧҪսö𣿡
˵ͷﶼһΪ˵ɢȥ
ҶͷôȻѾˣֱӴӻ棬óһƷĶ
ȥûù
Űٷ֮ٵΣó̰֮˶ݵơ
ܿƵãһ˳棬Щӿ룬ùˣԽ͹졣
ǴҶûпڣΪ֪ʹ͸ɵĶ
ܿ죬һâһߣ벿֮еǶ컨Ӵһ̣컨洫һӿ档
ŷ棬һѪɫš
ţҲ𾪵ǰƶһ£ܿǸѪɫžʹӶ򿪣źһͨһۿ档
ˣڴҶҰţ̴ȥս׼
һ߷Ըһ̤Ѫɫ档ΪѪɫź棬ҪһֻúˣеĲ
ôˣȻ˺󣬷׷̤Ѫɫ棬Ȼһǰߡһҵӣֱ˺컨ڵλá
ߵΧħˣȻԷڹߣûзں컨ǡ
ɱ
ɴһȶԼߵһħˣ˾ɱ
꣬΢һӣҲߵˣϮǵĳ֣ʵħ˾ֲѣӶһߵľƣһ߸ı䡣

լԺ棬۲սƵƷŲˮ˿飬Ǳġ
ΪڸղţĲնɱʮ˵峤֡ǴսĽ
ֻҪսȥôȺ֮еľ֣ȫ֮ôսȻͻһߵľƣţĳѾ̫Զˡ
ĸСʱĸСʱͿԾʤ
峤ȥҴߴһΣղӣڸɱĺһЩЩĵӶͻơ
кһҪûȥָ߲ӡ
Ȼʱһ֣β峤ߣɻ󲻽ĵˣҸղգͨһߵĲӣҷһɫĻ䣬λҫۡ
ʲôɫĻѯʣʵȴڲŵʲôʱ򣬸ľβ峤ڹ۲ʲôɫĻֱһӡ
Ȼ֪ʲô
Ǵı棬Թ۲ƺǺ⡣ˣôȻҪ˵һ˼·һѪɫĻûв´ӦѪҺ۶ɡ
ֻЩӵĲ
ֻЩôҲ̫ȡǺ;ȵǣڸղŴ˲ղɽ֮Уһɫâɫâڵϵĺ컨Ӵβеǵĵ
飿ҲüˣȻҲе㲻ĸо
һԵĻҲüͷ˹ȥ鿴һǸ컨
Ǹ컨ճӣҾˣҲκη֡ΪǸ컨ûκ⡣෴ΪǸɫĹâĹؼβкǵǵģǸԲѰҵµķ֡
ɣ峤ͬĵ
һнпܣϾս˲֮УҲһЩߵģرèͷӥ峤Ǹ϶ǻ۷ǳĸߡ˼ȻŻ峤̰ҵķԸȥ߲ץͬʱں컨Ĳӣ¼˿סǸ컨һʲôԣôǰ
תȥ
;β峤۲ĵս
ʱվ棬һ峤ħ峤ɱĽڽڰˣÿһӣһˡ
ǲ֪ΪʲôһƴĺǿԲ
Ҫ֪ڹȥħ˺˵Ĵս֮УҲƵ顣ΪǸʱħ˶з²ūƶȵģÿһδսɱ󣬶Է²һЩ˵ġҲԭŻвѡͶһֻҪѴɱЩԼˡ
ЩͶˣħʤ֮ôɱͿôɱȫûκεѹ
뷨ѾʵˡΪһ̣˾ƴǸƣƺͷɶѪ־ɶ
ȥС
սħ峤Ҳȥġʱе㵣ǵĵȥǵ峤٣ӰսֵģһҪ취ʹһЩֿˣгǣͶС
ţҪ취ˡβҲͬĵͷȻת֮Խ㿴ǲǸĵĲӣһץסһЩڣȻвֿˣ
ҲУǰɱ¾ܣҵЧ̫󡣡е㲻ĵ
û£ħˣˣǳ֮ֻҪͬвôȻ綯ҡӶǺͶò˵βһթħˡ
İƲʵʩôԿ˳ֲٵ
ȻǾôʱ򣬸ոȥõĻ峤˻ɫͿԿó顣
ֻһ̶֣ˣе㲻·ǸɫĻƺһվԽһЩˣ½ͽսɱߵĲһֲһ֮ǰߵĲӣÿһӶһ
飿д󺧡
æʩչֶΣʱվӺսŲƵս
ܿ죬ͷǸĺ컨ֻʱЩɫĻ䣬ѾһǼʮٸ˵ʣϵЩɫĻ䣬Ҳڲϵӡ
ûǸνĺɫâžβͻ峤ʵ
ˣӴѷֵġȻǺȥģ۲ĺϸǽԼеĿ˵ҹ۲⣬ǸɫâӦһͨҪ峤ˮ׼ſԿǸɫͨ

ҲϻֱֶΣӴʱվϵķ
ӷʱվԽԽܿͿǸɫͨͨ棬˻ǣϵĳڣֲͣʧÿһʧɱһħսʿ
ֻǹ۲ӣнǧħӢսʿɥ˵һΪǵĳֱ֣ӵħ߲ӵĹͣͲǰΪǵĳ֣˿ʼڽڷɱħ˲ء
УԲȥԼ̫Ѩ̶ŻȥԸ߲ӣڿʼһЩ˴컨棬ܷɱںͨĵˡԣô͸취Щ컨ȻѪôһԺ顣
Ӻ֮أҵȥһˣǴӱ󣬸Һݺݵȥڲ˵߷زӣβüء
һתȥ
β峤ұһҪ񡣡ָղɽޱصĵߵĲӣȻӢޱȣҲȥսڷʱҲҪ취ɵԷǴݻղɽţֻҪûղɽô˾ͲôݲȵϮǾ߲ˡ
ͷβ˼ֱӷղɽǸⷢء


417 
ڲսèͷӥ峤ͳһš
ߵս˲Ķ죬ҲΪʲô߲ӿԼô͵ԭ
߷ӣûλ˶죬ͱԷƷߣױˡ
λܽˣ˵Գˡչһ׸ı˹ȥĳΪΪԳ
Գ峤սһ㣬ʮǿ˿èͷӥ峤ҲΪʲô˲棬ڶԭ
ʱԳ峤صĿռ֮У͸һЩĵߣ۲ߵս
˻֪İţΪ˵Ķ׳ôȻ֪Ļ޷ݰţջ˷
ʱվԳ峤ߵˣһЩ߷峤սͬ졣
λĿǰսƣȫʹ˵ļƻšȻթȻ˻ǸΪתվɱ˲ĺġǣΪ֪ɲɱɱһֲ
ڵľƣŴҶ֪ƷչһزѾǷʱˡʱվ֮УǿԿĳħ߲ӵΧʹѵľӢǣѾչ˷ʹ˽͹ٶȣҲˣǶǷ֧֣ҲڸһᣬڶԷ˺һӣöԷϣöԷѪղ֧Ԯ߲ӣһսǡ
߲ӣ趨һʮؿĿǰǷΧؿôҲ˵ǻӵߵؿÿһؿ˷ôȻԽڽˣõ˽չôҲʩӶླҾһ̿ʼһ߷ͻķ֮⣬Ĺؿľӣȫۼڵսߣݺݵһս׽ľ棬ƿһ¿ƪ
ͬʱˣĵèͷӥ峤һϢǣǻһʱ֮󣬷һҵķɣıʤƽܣҲᰲػһߣƴһһ롣
Գ峤ĻȻרŸ𴫵Ϣ˼¼ȻԳ峤Ȼ뿪ʱ˾
֮Գ峤תԼߵ峤ʵλҸղŵǻʲô𣿡
һһۣҲ
Գ峤ԸܰԵҲܸáԳ峤Ҳˮ׼Ҳ
ô˵ЩʵҪұ̬ǷԸս˴㲻սôҲֻӲͷƤ֧ȥ
ǽһƬάһƬ
Χ峤ĹάԳ峤΢΢һЦһºЦһȻλûзôȥŰɡϣһСʱ֮ڣλ˺Ͳ£֯Լľӣķ

峤Ƿ׷תȥȥˡ
ʱ˾ֻʣԳ峤һˣֻ۾ųһƬǹսһսԳһҪ´ͣһٽԼĵλһ߷壬ʱҾͿ˳èͷӥ峤ĵλ˳Ϊһ˵䡣
½ͳһͳһ֮ĵڶ䣬̫ڴˡ
߲ڱ仯ħ˵߲Ҳڱ仯
ħ˵߲ӵı仯ӲڷЩѪɫĻ˾ɣħǰ߽ľӣҲٱԱ
һʱ䣬ûгսܵľƣʱһôʤȻᵼˡϧںģڹעĵս֡ΪֻҪսʤôʧܣҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҳħ峤Ϊ˿ԳߵĹӡ

ʱһһţ˫ڲϵİš
˱ɽλãںèͷӥ峤ˣһȲ裬ԵñȽڡ
ʹˣһսҪжãèͷӥ峤ѯʵ
ʱ֮ڣضֳʤġһèͷӥ峤ȻһŸԼ϶Ĵ𰸡
ʱèͷӥ峤һüͷȻһεĵĿǰսսȥʱ˲䣬ʤôҲʮˡ
սǲʤôһ˶֪е뷨ǰսҲԷħ˷εսԣֵս
ô˵ԲΣ
һ㣬˵ĸ峤ҲǿԿóġֻǲԸŰˣϾڹȥս棬лŵ˵ġ
ǲʲô뷨èͷӥ峤˼һѯ
ǵģǵĴˣȥ˺ħˣʵһֵͬܣһܶĺѡǸʱǶʵˣһΪػƬ硣ǲ֪Ϊʲôʱ̣ѡǾѣҷһսǱϾǵѣǵֵܣǺǶ壬ҿǣһǰȥ̸Уȡƽһεèͷӥ峤ĳ˵һȽˡһ鶼ͨƽ
Ȼ뷨ÿɷ񣬵ֹϾģҲġ
һս֮ҪͨˣȥѰĺ֮أʲôطʲôء
ɲţܺƽȻá
ͷèͷӥ峤ϲȻһȥèͷӥȥȰʱһԳ峤ˣҲңҽԳ峤ķԸһһ˵˳
Գ峤Ļèͷӥ峤Ķһ壬ȻվʮȶԳһУʵ̫ˡʤȻҪֻҪܺݺݵˣöԷ룬ôͿԸʱ䣬ȥȰԷˡôһŪôȰɹˣ¶ڽľƣҲһЩı䡣
èͷӥ峤Գ峤ʤô˾Ϳһħ˳׳Եô͸ȰͿԺƽˡ
Գ峤սܣôľƣͻᱻħգôҲйͶĴʻ㡣
һսĹؼ㣬Ѿ߲ӵɱ
èͷӥ峤е㲻Գ峤ŵİš˼һͳ˧⴦õ˵ˡ
èͷӥ峤ֻϣԳ峤սʤһʤһս֮ͿԴݲȵĴԳ峤ˡ

սš
һʱ֮ҲԳ峤Ԥ
ħ߲ӣΪɵ˵ǣƣӶֿ֣һַһַһԳ峤Ԥڡ
İ£˵߲ӣȫ߬һȭͷħ߲ӣչ˷ķ
ǵķʼħ߲ӣصĴȻǵսˣ˾£ɽ˺ˣ˵ϷħҲɵÿʼڽڰˡ
ħ˴ѾռߣЩߣнڽֻǵ뷨Ҳֻܸһᡣ
Ϊ˵ķҲ˸ı䡣ΪЩפأ˸ڵģģԴҶ˽⣬ʱҲͻࡣ
ȥ˵ħ߲ӵѾָտɴʱս־ͿԳĽ
ٽְ֣ܾ֣߳βǣڵղɽ
峤ûʲô԰
峤ʲôֱǰȥɱء
ǰҿߵĲӣѾְܾˣǼȥ޲ˡ
˴ôʱأ
ôǶһ¹·ߣս֮󣬲˶Źǵġ
βĬһᣬҲԼķҲԼİšʵûһˣⳡս֮УԼԼĺ֣Ͼһս
Ȼսôһܶλãܶ಻ܷ顣
һᣬβԼ˵λħˣһսѾûѡˣֻǰԺˣλ𣿡
סӦһ
ãȻҶףôҾͲϸ˵ʲôˣ׼ýҽʩչܷһͨʱɱȥβ峤ԸϣʩչֶΣΧһĺԭһ֮䣬һɫͨ
ɫͨһ֣β峤ӿֳϲ֮顣ֻһӣϺǸɫͨ
ĺǸɫͨܿһѵĿӡ
ãڣһɱȥβһΧĲǣ׷׳ɫͨ档
һβ壬ɱȥʱ򣬾β峤ԼһˣһѪɫʱǷǿ󷨵ˣʵ̫ǿˡڣôħ˵δѾˡ
֪һУôҲûѡˣֻнٽֻжɱһƬˡ
β峤ԼֶΣֳһξ˼֮ءһ棬β峤Ȼһɱɫ֮ͨС
ھβ峤ɱͨʱʹ˵ҹյȻеĿղɽħ֮У˲Ų
ȻԶһˣ˺ҲǬԪ󷨣һЩֶΡƿǬԪ󷨣ôҲصĴˣһΪҲʣɰˡ
ֻɵսҲ𲻵ʲôáֻҪǣʱ̼סҵĻ͸ǵķôȫԻʤ
˼ЩҲͲˡΪ֪յսҲһˡֻҪڵʱôͿβˡ
ΨһħˣǷķ֮

Ѿʱˣеˣϲսֶûͻʤô̫Ȥˡ
˵Ǹʲôĺǿ󣬲֪ǷʱɱԼǿһսأ

פء
յ˾β峤Ϣʱüͷһ塣
ãԼ͹Ǹʹˡ
ɣΪĳ֣һεսһЩ΢ı仯رʩչЩֶΣ˵ս
ҪʹˣͶ䣬ǾԲϿɵġ
ʱѾһȦ֮СѾ滮뱦˵Ӫ֮УһͷеԤ㡣
ʲôǴ֣־ǱˣǰһСԾħ˲սôνʹˣҲ취ȷսȻ֮
ٺãôҲһɵġ
һ̣ȻϣƽһйؿԼĲʣµȨԸ£èͷӥ峤ȰԼͶɱȻͷ͹
Ӿ͸㶨ķԸ
ͷ­ʱŲЦֻһӣǸͷ­̻ѪȻϡ
գϵĲ仯ֹ˼ӣһոµףǸնɱһģһ¾ԷĸҲֲ˭棬˭Ǽ١


418 ʤ
˺ɽפأ
ʱǳľ䣬ÿһ˳УҪȦļ飬ſԳ롣
û취פأҲָﱻ͸ôԻصӰ졣
ڹȥս֮Уħ˾͸ָӲνһǵһǣԺÿһս˶ҷɡ
һǰһˣոռһֵͬܡ
˵ûУ
ʲô飿
˵ǰߵսѾϿԷֳʤˡ
ô죿һȲѵķʵһô֪ǰߵ
УҲ˭ԲѵĵڸղţѾ̽ˡ˵߲ӣѾ˷ֳɼ֣Ȼˡǵ߲ӣȻʧ˼λ峤ɵֿסħ˵Ľ˫ʱ䡣ֻҪߵսһôħ˷ϮҲͳʧܡʱֻѡһͶһǷɱʽ棬һħӻأȻأȴ˱ˡҸǣһεսôʤһ½ʧܵһ׵Ϊū
ǣȻţơһĴָҲ˷ʵˣղǸǸʲôģΪʲôֵ㿴ʱ򣬱ֵʮֹأ
ǸˣǸ͵Ļԥһ£Ǽ˵Ǹ棬Ƚϳ֪ߡǰǰħ˲ȰһʱϴŵЦݣȰ飬еʮ˳
ԭˣȰô˵һҸ鰡
ɣ
ոͨ˵ˣǵ̸֮һֵЦݡ֣ḧһϣһ̣ɫָڵ⣬䵭
֮ͨһᣬһȽķš

ںɽפصĻĵʱߵսڽȻĽ׶Ρ
˵ķʮֵңֹҲܿ졣
ò˵Գ峤۹⣬ǺġľȿӰ쵽ս֡İ£ʩչʽķǣƣǿϮͽһħ˵ľӣΣ֮С
˵ɱ£ħ˿ʼڽڰˡ
ۿţҪ˵سȥˣɴ˿ɼսľƣôĲ
ʱħ˵߲峤ȫ£һ𣬱ʮصš
ȥУǲܼˣҪһ취ǰǾֻܳ˵ķߣϢˡ
УʱˣôˣһᲪȻŭġǴ󲿷ˣڲɱţǶڵȴǻϣȻһٽˣǲʱˣԲС
˵ô죿ڹȥһʱ֮ڣ߲ӣѾһʼ򣬶ÿһӣһʧ֮˲ӣ·һϵǵ޷һȥ˳ôħ˴Դ򲻹ǵġ
ƨ˵ͻҶסղ˵Ļȫڷƨѵ㲻֪˵ٶ࣬ǲҪߣҪߡΪǵߣʮħ˴ߣǼԴԴϵ֧Ԯ߲ӣô߾ͻɿճǣʱǵߴݻǵָӲôһж
뷨̫ˣѵ㻹״˵ڲܱգôƴȫսôҲֵõġǾڲǰˣ˴ߴǾҲ׼ˡ˵ʲô˵ߴڵľҲܲпܣ˱ѺͿµ飬ָߴƵ˵ķߣôϲܡ
ųһųѵΪ֪ƶħ˲ôѡˣĻôǸԼΪħʿ
Ϲӣǲʿƺţѵ䣿Ҫǣһε˵ս֮Уһսʿ˷ϰˣǰץ˵ȥҪһʿѾˣߡ
һ壬һսʧ𣿾ʧôһΣͱǼǺ޵ڣѵʷϣǵûʧܹûб˷һҪװʲôͷ⡣
٣𣿡
ҿ
δսڲȴˡ
ħ˴ģص顣
˵ħһֲһ콾ǵ츳ǿôҲǵԸ񣬱ȽϿ񱩺ԸǺٷˣһһЩҪìܡ
ڣߵħ峤һȽŵˣһƺݺݵϣˣʲôʱˣǻڶֱǷˡҸǣħʱ̣춼Ҫֳһʤ
ڴһ̿ʼ˲ڽзԸ峤Ϊȷ棬һ·ڲȡ˵ڲ͡
ͳ˧һ峤ǵĵͳ˧ˣȥǲе㲻ףһеɱȥôʧġ
ҲҲȴ򣬿𣿡ħ˸ͳ˧һ˵ĵѵǿǵھƶôĲڵľƣȥôһʱǾͻᱻԷӣȫ𣿡

ǣǿȫҲûͻƶԷķߡŶԷΪγɰΧȦսʱ򣬷Ϯ˺һӣһص˵Ļ
Ǹ
Ȼǲ֪ôѡôҪҵİţһɰáһħ˵ߴǳ׶˻
ͳ˧ˣǳײôܱߣʱɧǵĺ컨ô죿
԰
ɲȺļһûģʧܴ󰡣ڲ£ôȫ
컨飬һᰲ˴ġǵ񣬾Ǹǵ˺һӣǿԴݵɱȥȡһ
Ȼˣôˡ
ħ峤ǣ̰ոͳ˧Ҫ󣬷׷ǰأǵˣܶԱҰĳ档
ǰŵʱħһĸͳ˧ź컨صأβ峤Ϳˣ޷ƿ컨ܣôħ˵ߴǳҪˣµʱһСˣûа취ɱȥ
ƺиӦںɫͨľβ峤̧ͷһħߴָ˸ͳ˧
ǵͷһ䣺ʱûжˣǱץʱˡ
ڿʼ˸ţǰؾҵ˵ټҸ𡣡
ħ˴߲ӣڲϵš
β峤Ҳڲ߻ɵټ
Щֻһ֪ûиˣΪսֻˣſԸֽܵȵա
ǲֽܵȵգôͲܶδõԸǲһʧôҲͲҪԼ
һ˽ˣοϻ֮ͯԼ飬ӵĿءһжԼ飬λ飬ָӷʱȥͺսԳֵĻôԷַӸ㶨ûУ˺ħģշֳһʤ
˲˽⣬ֲԸ֪¡
׼һӵħ߲ӣ˵߷ӣĳ档һεĳ֮Уħ˲ȫѹϣڷֳν߬һȭͷݺݵ˵һ㣬Ȼ󲻶սڴһ̷֮ε뿪ߣǰߡ
ǵĳֻ̣һᣬһߵһߣȻֻһɵ߾ӡڵλãڷʮϣһ򵱹أĪһϳ̣ħ˴˾֮СǰҶǵˣҵ˵ĹҲԽԽ͡
ʱ˵Ķ죬Գ峤һ߿վһߵ֮ϣһ̣һۣҲҪɱһӵħ˴ɫĵģһʱ⣬һǴݲȵɱȥ
ɱȥôӻƨ
Գ峤˼֮󣬶Լߵ峤ûУǱߵļħ峤Ѿڸղŵĳ֮˲ǳڿʼÿһȻȥһһնɱǵɱʽ棬ʧܡ
峤ǣ׷׿һԳ峤ָȻﰵĹһ£ͷ׷̤ս֮·ǵļ룬˵ķѹҲ˵ͻΣ

һĻǣħ˷ɱʽʱ΢һ£ΪԷڲնϹȻһɱ
ǵǹۿһ֮󣬲ŷֶԷķȫˡǺ֮еĻɣŴֹԼĲ£ħ˺
Ǹոջɱ˼ˣһ֮һֻֻβǵ֮С
Ⱥβĳ֣ûʶԼ˵ΪȻѾԷʶơǻɲֹħ˵ľӣתԼ
ǹȥĻɣȥӴǡôȻ޷սʤβħˡǾĵ֮ڵĻɵˣһսͨľβħˣǵĶ֡
˫һӴʹһ˾Ųʮ
Ǻܿβ峤һ԰׵ĳս֮ϣûɵˡǵʵȷʵ˲٣ǲûսʤ峤ĸ֡
ڣβ峤ˣڹʱû۷ʱôǿ󡣵ֻʮ֮һĹҲûɵ˷׽⣬
ɫͨսš
߲ӣڼҵɱţȴʤ
ڲս˫Ҳɱݱÿһ̣һ޴ת򡣵ܵ˵ħ˻΢սһϷ硣
ʱèͷӥ峤ķš
èͷӥ峤ܴƿ˷ţҷվ⣬ݵ߽ѯʵôħ˵䣬ǲʲô˵ǾͶǾֿ
һèͷӥ峤ԼյĶ֣΢΢̾Ϣһèͷӥ峤Էʼʱ򣬻ԸţԸͶǾҵ粻֮Ȱ˵֮İ£ͬҵҪ󣬴ӦͶ
úá̫ˡèͷӥ峤̫˷ˣ԰εĵֻҪͶôǾͿԼʧҳ׽ħ޴⻼ӶҸˡ
ǰƲƲ죬ȻСĵèͷӥ峤Ǹ»ʱ򣬴һᣬ˵ھ棬дһЩħͶҪ󣬲֪ǷӦýʹҲȻһۿһ


419 ɱ
ٻʹˣ
èͷӥ峤еɣϾ˵峤λʹˡ
ȻǱʹʹϾһ˵Ͼ汲µĵ伮صʹһˡ
ôô꣬ôˣһʹѾһģӰˡܶˣ֪ʹʲôֻϹˡЩ峤ǣèͷӥ峤ʹ˽ҲǺܶࡣ
οèͷӥ峤Ǵͳϵǿ塣èͷӥϣֻͨˣ֪ʹʲôˣΪʲô
ֱһèͷӥ峤Ϊһȵǻۣ˫ֶΣŽԼĵλθߣΪѧ˿ĵҲΪЩ伮֪ʹŻڻɽʱ˸־ȡ
ʵһʼǲͻ̿֡Ϊ֪ʲôˣʲôֶΡδ֪Ķδ֪ˣµġӵдǻ۵èͷӥ峤ȽȻһ̽ԷǳȻڴݲá
ҲԤĽšͨһʱĽ֪ӵв׵սҲӵв׵ǻۣһӵĪֶΣͨˣڶʱ֮Ϊǡ
ҲΪˣвŻǣ
ǣèͷӥ峤¶Ϊɣ˲֪˭ͳߡͺԳ峤һʱ̶ҪҪøףͬӵдǻۣһȵսԽèͷӥ峤ĵλΪ˲ǿߣϵͳ˧
˵ĴϣҪˣһεĴսվʤİţʵèͷӥ峤ƶġôһսֻ֮ҪʩһЩСƣͿʹʱһ취ʹߣôֻǵèͷӥ峤ˣǸҲǡ
ʱ򣬴ҶԼôһʲôĹ⾰
һ뵽Щèͷӥ峤׷еִǣһֹҪ󣬼С꣬һε飬ʹˡڣôͿ㽫ͶЭ飬øҹۿһ£Ȼɡ
èͷӥ峤һ˾ͿԾʤİš
΢΢̾ϢһΪǸͶ棬вֶΣ˭ۿУӶԼɱ
ֱһֻһΣɱèͷӥ峤֮ôͻʧȥڶι
ôһʵеϧ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôܾãԼвʵλյﲻõʹλ϶֡
ϧ鲻Լ뷨УΪèͷӥ峤ǿҪԹۿҲ취Ҫʹͬۿèͷӥ峤ע£ֻܽͶó׼èͷӥ峤ǰ򿪡
èͷӥ峤˿֪Ǹվ棬г֮ΪСˣϤĲ£ٰĲ°ˡ
ֲôȻ޷˽е뷨һɵɵĵݸͶ飬Уһ㽫Ͷ򿪡
򿪣Ͷ棬ɢõĹââ£һֵľӿèͷӥ峤֮С
־ʮֵԸȥ
һ˲䣬èͷӥ峤ʧˣʧȥҿȫնɫ֮С
ȻԼĲһۣ˲ӿնɫ֮ѡԼĲӣ΢΢е㷢ôһ֣ԼȺѪȡԼҲڲϵš
ΪһߣΪһ֣èͷӥ峤һ̣תܿ׾巢ʲô飬һûв´ӦòС꣬Ŷԡ
ң֮ǰӦóʧֵʱΧһ磬赲ҵݳȥ֪Ҳ²Ŀɷ׼ȷ
ҵ϶֡һӣ˲С֮˳ӶɹȥԼգȻеϧĵ㲻һĶ֣Ȼֻ֮УͶԲ²⵽ңе㾪Ⱥͺ档
ûʲôģΪħ˲棬һȺսΪĿսӡӵǻۣѧϰȽϷӵ˺١ǰɱңӦûʹ˵Ĵ̿ͣôضҪдǻֱۣ뾫֮ͨһҪʱˣħ˲棬ĲǺܶࡣʶЩ棬ⷽ飬ãҲܣҵƤӵ£͵͵һٶ̽׺£ղ෭ħ˲䡣èͷӥ峤˿⣬Ϊ֪ԼѾԷɵˣʣµִһˡԼԪ޷ػסԼԪôԪһƮɢԼͻΪ̣ˡ
ʣ£Լʲôɵأ
Ȼҵ˽⣬ͺҶ˽һһη̾Ϣèͷӥ峤ߣһᣬʵǱѣһȥ棬һһ̽ѧʡһУڱݻˡΪĳ֣Ҳòѡ񣬱ħһ壬һ塣Ϊһ䣬ֲòֹңӶħһ巢սһжˣǸаŵġ
ΰģΪѾԤһ졣
ʲô
ʵħ˲뿪һ죬رȥʱ˵Ǿ仰Ҵܴ󡣡
ʲô
ܵģҲġ֮ǰڣĸ֧֣Ϊںڣջ񵽷ḻĹʵ
ܵģԼĿڡ
Դ֮ҾͿʼԽйļأѰӵĿءҵˣΪʲôмڹ˵֤ݡèͷӥ峤ɫȻĵԭһʵΪˣһϵҪħ˵ѪҺֻſԳɹ
Ȼ㶼֪ˣôΪʲôҪΪħأĿèͷӥ峤ʵȫͶħ˲䣬ʱ򣬴ɿһоһȥ
ҲĹȥôͻΣ԰Ƶˣħ˵֮£ǶһѪҿôҾ֪ԣһʧȥңôȻڶʱ֮ڸǲġ
վ˲䣬һпõֶκǻۣ˵սܽħˣΧԼ𣿡
ǰϧ˵Ѫʵ̫ƽˣû̫ǿս˿ϰҲ޾ǣ޷ֻʮ˵ħ˲䣬˵ǲǺܿЦ
Цû㣬ôǰҾͿԽ˲䡣
ڲһ𣿡
һΪˣ˻ڼšǲ棬һʹˣһδ֪֮
ɣҶ֪ʹһʲôĴڡ
ҲԣεˣϾˣˡ
ǰ
Ȼˣ֮Ҿȥô޷ʲôˡ
ϣ˰ɡ
˵仰֮èͷӥ峤˲
Ȼèͷӥ峤ԪѾһ仰֮󣬳׵ɢˡһĻҲɵãͷ
ֻ߹ȥĿèͷӥװ˫ĿȻһԼƽԼĸֲӦԼֹˮĵز
һ֮磬Ȼ仯С꣬ҰСļ䣬ֱӳסĵطȥ
ֻʱ򣬲Żèͷӥ峤һ飬һլԺ棬й˲ʷ伮Ҳ⡣
һ󼱴ٵĽŲ֮⴦լԺһĵطĶ֮еȻһǰһ𾴵ʹˣйȰħ˵飬Ѿһ䣬ԷȻܾǵҪèͷӥ峤ˣСǰʹȥһһºİźͲá
ĺеĵ伮ȻñĿ⣬ɨһŶħ˾ܾǵҪ󣬿ǻǺӲ𣿲ս֣ҲչԣôҲòҳ˰ɣ
²ΰʹˣôܲҪأܾԼ룬е㲻ģһη롣
ȻңôҾΪѣȥһɣеĵ伮¶һֿʮֹЦݡ
ֻûзְˣʱӦԼҪ󣬶оġ
·ɣ
һȻԸ·
סȻʮ˽˵صĲãͷʹèͷӥ峤Ϣĵط
Ϊʲô
Ϊָõⲿʩ﷢ʲô飬ˣҪЭôҲҪһʱ䣬Ľſԡ
֮ͷϢèͷӥ峤ͷŽϵͣȶ̫ʦ֮ϣ·ûŲûпһ
峤ʹˡһǫõĶȻǰһߡҲûпֱӽԼ󣬴粽èͷӥ峤
ۿţҪèͷӥ峤ʱ򣬸¶ı飬˫֣ͺеצһĴĲӡ
죬ٶޱ죬ͨ侳߰ˣ޷赲Լһʮֵš
ȻĹȥһʱɲǼֹͣǰֱۣҲһǿץץס
Ϊʲô
ܲ죬Ϊץסֱ۵ˣȻǸոǰһ㾯֮Ҳûеʹˡ
ΪϷʵ̫ˣٵһˣͲϵʼ򣬱ʾԼǹĵèͷӥ峤ѾˣֻҪ΢ϸĵˣһͻֻᷢ֡Ҫ΢תһԽͿԲ²⵽ڲʿɵġǳʹħһˣôȻˡ
Ʋģ
ҲȫǣΪҼһ۵ʱ򣬾ѾˡΪΪ̫ߣèͷӥ峤ҪߣȫǸСķ
ܴҪôץסңҲɫһ䣬ڸϻʩչһͨҪɵʱʩչ֣һٸ㶨
ȻոжͷԼֱۣѾ֪жˡôʹ壬΢˲䣬ֳһߣһŸĴȡ
һֻʣһֱۣһȽŰá
һͨˣʱôȻ޵УԼɱҲΪʲôвˡ
΢һ㣬ַϵʣµֽţȻ΢ЦŵˣһжˣǿȴսִϢˡ


420 Ļ̥

һ̣Լ̫ˡ
߻꣬ĿؾΪܽˣħ˵ڱΪһӪƷ
ǵۿžҪɹˡ
콵һʹһĪ࣬ʲôıˡȥˣӴ˷ˣȻѹħ˴򣬶Ҵĺ޻֮
ȻԼ飬άһδεĿϧԼգеɱèͷӥ峤ʹΡ
ǽ̫ʧˣۿžҪɹˣȴΪèͷӥ峤ģ޷ɱʹһΪԼİҪһ
ʹǿʵ̫ˣȻɵʶԼһƷԼԼ׼ִɱ֮ȫɥʧʩչĻᡣ
˵̫ˡ
ҲԤֻҪԼʧôħ˲壬ʧȥԼôȻ׳ֻңϾԼû˿еħ˷Ҳ˵һԼˣħ˲ͻģŽһ£ôǵδ֪Լ޼
ѵҴˣ
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οϾͽӭսʤӭΰʱ̡ԼʱˣôԲԼԤġ
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Ǻεϻ֮ͯԵ˽⣬Ѿʮֵֻ˵һ䣬ʲô
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Եյӥ峤ţзǳ𺳣Ͼèͷӥ峤ˣ˵һĴ
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⻹һϢ棬ǵĺĿꡣߴһ£Ͱӥ峤İţȥִˡ

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Գ峤ʱѾԳս֮ϣնɱ峤ݵʱ
һӥ峤ţʱһص°ͣŭӥ峤㴿һɵӣӸôˣԸͳ˧ܲèͷӥ峤㻹͸ȥˣֱ
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֮Գ峤ϣֳһֵʡȻ־ȡ֮èͷӥ峤λá
Ҳ֪Ҫ̵ģҪģܰԼԸô˳Ĵɡèͷӥ峤ˣô飬˳ĶˡֻҪԼ㶨Ȼشܲèͷӥ峤̸һ¡
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ʱԳ峤˿֪ӥ峤һ뷨ҲҪ䡣ӥ峤ҪݣѾ׼ս׶Σܴ𷴶ҽԳ峤Ҳ˳
Գ峤֪ӥ峤뷨һᱩŭѣܻȥӥ峤ƴ
ϧ֪ˣΪǰߵͳ˧ǰָ
οԳ峤һսˡڽӵ֮󲻾ãͽеĲ峤ټ˹ҽһһʾˣƵķչ򣬲ҲһЩˣÿһӣһħȥ
ϣԳ峤İţİ޼
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һսľƣԤϵĽȥȴĴս


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峤ֻһЩ飬ĳš

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ΪǱɱ޷˵ɱȥҪɱĵ˵ձԴڿʼҶҿǣɱУǷԱ
Գ峤˻ͺ˵ˣۣνοԴģϮĵˣ޷ѹѰҼ
ʵԳ峤ôţǷǳеġձ˵õķʵǽֻҪˣôͿԽ˳׻Ӷﵽұ
밡
ˣԼɱ£ȫûзôȻɱԼһԼҪķ˳Ĵﵽˡ
Ȼͳ˧ˣҪǽôҿӦɽ֮ƣֱôѹȥ״ݻٶԷġ
ɽ֮ƣ
һţȺţȻֳɱȥǰˣֻǰɱɱˡˣһ·ȡмվȡǳ׽˷ָ֮ڴ취Χ˹һսɶ
ţɱУҲԡ
ֻǣҵĵˣǾǷֿһֿ֧ѡս߳Ӫôΰ죿
ǸСʱҲû뵽취
̾ϢһԳ峤˼ǰҲȴûʲô̫õİ취׼ǰ¶ģող峤취ȥʱ⴫һ
ţָܲӴ峤˧ǰ˿ӥ峤ĸףԼеĿء
һ֣Ͱڳһʿı飬ֹάһԳ峤ӶԳ峤ϲǳ
Ҫ֪ӥ峤Գ峤ҪһΨһ谭ʱӥ峤ˣѾѡ񱰹ϥѡ񿿽ԼˣôԼ˵һ¡
ˣȻǰôȻӥ峤ʲôɣԳ峤һᣬ̰װĵ
Գ峤ͳ˧Ȼǻ۲һСˣС˴еĿءһƨλӥ峤ĸԳ峤ǰǼ峤ʹЭһ£ħ˴ȻˣȻһս֮Ǳ볹״ݻ˲ſԡ
Ҳ£֪ʹ˺峤ʲô뷨Գ峤üѯʵ
Ҽ峤˵ˣڲǰʹˣѾǱħأһħأնɱ˾סУʮǧˣ벻֮ǰסħ˵ͨڡҲ˵ħ˲ܴӵ뿪ˡ
λӥ峤ĸ̸ĵôһ˾ֻʣ֧ӣҼ峤ʹһ£Ӧڵ˻ҵʱ򣬷ֳ֧ɱһ֧ӣԳ峤죬ɱȥһٴݻٵʿһ֧Գ峤ĸԳ峤죬Ӳɱȥݻٻһ֧ҹݺ峤죬ǰƽԭ
һǷڷɢԳ峤ãƺʲôطͷ벻ףʲôطԡ
ӥ峤ĸһԳ峤һԳ峤ģħ˵ĴѾʧȥ˵ֻֿҪĵϵܴݻʿôͿԴʤ֮ɨҰˡڰԳ峤ĲӣӦһЩͿáҹݺ峤ֻҪв壬ͿȡЧҪ̫𡣡
Գ峤һҪԼȥɱСӥ峤ӣָԼͰԳ峤
Ҫ֪вֻħ˲棬ٵһ֡ˣ½غͺܵõһЭôʤԲѡ
һ룬Գ峤ʱ˼ƽϣӥ峤Ǹȫûкһ׳־͸ҹͣҵĸʱһЩͣһս֮󣬿ԼλòԶˡȻӥ峤ӵ˵⣬ôԼҲܲܣս֮Լ䣬ںúòһӥ峤ɡ
˽飬ԼһЩֻԳ峤ӥ峤ĸҿӥ峤İţ׵˾Ͱİ취°ɡҹݺ峤ҲӦ̫ˣ׸ӴܵĻᣬҿԴܲڷֳȥһ֧Ԯһҹݺ峤
Գ峤Ӣӥ峤ĸ̹άһ£ȻСҲսԿԳ峤ˣҸңһ𲢼ս
úãģһȫڿʼ͸ҵ߰ɣԳ峤ˬЦЦȻ»磬ʼĲ壬Ƿֳ֧ȥɱ˵Ĳ䡣

ͬʱһħ˲档
һСǱ룬ߣ峤ˣСġ
ˣ峤е㻳ɵʵ
ǵģСˣ˲İװӡóһӡǵװȻ˲ţ֤
ȻǣӹȥϸһֹۣȻӡǣʱϿ˶ԷݣǵˣΪʲôᱻץߣʲôĿģ
峤ڲǰͨС˰ŵ·ߣȥɱèͷӥ峤ֻڴɱʱ˲ʹֵնɱèͷӥ峤һˣʧֱץԷһ߽ͣһ̾Ϣĵ˱ץ֮ǰ˵ʲô⣬ôħ˴Ӧлָӣǰߴˡδս棬ħ˴ܼǿȥӦ÷ֳ֣һսһֳˣȻǰħԨӡ
֣ΪʲôսȫأʱʮŵģΪ󣬾һֻͨҪһֻʿڴȫߣǱȽ׵ġ
˵ѾƣͨҲѾռӵߣ·һŵĻ˿ȥ̽飬һҪС
һԷ˵£ôƾͱñˡǻæԼĸȥͨһ¡
ʮ֮ĸѪܻ˵ͨȻʮǿ֪˵
Ļرʱʧȥš
Ǹˣǰһˣʱôûлˣ뻨ˣʿǼǰһеǣƵˡɻ峤죬ƶԷԳķһɱȥǡ
ԣôɣʧȥĻҲܶԴֱӰնԷȥħ˴̱䶯ɱԳ峤Ĳӡ


423 ƺ
ʤʧܣ

ѡ⣬ֱѡ
ȻʤˣˣôȻײҵĻ𻨡
ûοħأ
Ƿһδɱʽ棬Ҫ˺ѿԳ峤ý·ֻг˵ĹȦôſȥ
Գ峤ǳȥҪзҪսҪ˶ΧһȻɱ
ʵʱԳ峤̰ĵĻôȫԵһɿԻȫ̫̰ˣûзȫӥ峤ļƲʵʩһضҪյѵġ
Ȼ˫ոһӴԳ峤һСʤúʱʿǣ˼ᣬҳԳ峤ط˳档
Ⱥħˣʵǳǿ
пˣôûʲôڣһһȭͷô˭ϣ˭Ҫ硣
ħʿĳ£Գ峤õķߣһ٣ٶı٣
Գ峤ϾǶиҲ٣һ֮ǿάס˰ܾ֣˫ĥʱදãԳ峤Ҳħ峤Χ
ʱԳ峤ûзԼе룬ɳ˱ʤսͬʱڹԼĲ£ǲҪηҪǵ˵ĳ棬ΪǵķһɥôͻʧȥЧ
ĹкôҲл
ôǣڶʱڣԼµʿͳ˧ڣϸĲôֻҪͳ˧İţʤ
ϾԳ峤˲棬ͳ˧Ǵʤ̵Ľ
ǣôһߺЩΪʿЩţˣʱԳ峤ҪԣڵһգôҪ˳ɳ棬;޷ɡ
Գ峤ʱмħ峤ΧսȦ档Ȼ˲棬ҲһЩӢµ峤ǰΧ۸ͨħУҪ۸ħ峤ô·ˡ
һƺܿͳһ浹ľơ
Գ峤Ͼ˲һ֣ڶͳ˧õĪ˲棬Ҳһĸ֣Ȼô
սһ֮Ͳ˲Ǹһ£ˣһӣȻ޷׷ϣϾΧˡ
֮Գ峤һ亹֪ڼһᣬԼܾˡʱѾеԼĲˡ
սϣҲܸıԼȥĲˡ
ͬʱЩʿԳ峤ˣʱһΣ׷׵вˣ£ԼС˵ɱ
ۿԼĲ˲أΪԼܣ뱻棬صȫĵطԳ峤һ֣Լ׼ϮԤӣȫѹȥҪ͵ġ
Գ峤ر
ҲԳ峤棬Ӣһ֧ӡ
һѹϣôȻȶסƣսʿǼ
һǽһ˲壬˷һ˫λñ仯ȻҲͬǶʱڣ޷ֳʤˡ

һսϣԳ峤ԼĲ£Ѿ˿ڴȴ峤ԼĲǰ
˵Գ峤ȽϺãϵħ̫ࡣ
԰Գ峤ս˵ǿ׻ʤġ
ʵҲǰԤȫһ浹ľơ
Ȼɱһ֮ħ˴һȻжĻ塣
ǵĳ֣Ťתħ˵İܾ֣˫ֽ׶Ρ
ôûʲô˵ġǻ棬һ죬һħ˲棬֮УλеĻ峤һΪԳ峤Ҫǿ󣬺οǰԳ峤
սոձûжãڻ峤ĳ£ɱİԳ峤Ӳѡ
ʱ򣬻ΪԼԳȥˡԳ峤ΪԼܾѶʱ
һ֧Ӳɱ˽֧䣬Ȼǵֻӵҹݺ峤Ѿõӥ峤ķԸħ˴ֳֻ֧жֻ֧ưˡ
ҹݺ峤ܴϻ۵һ֧ɱȻȫ߱ϮİԳ峤ءʱİԳ峤£Ѿ˲ء
Ϊ˱Գ峤Ӷ峤նɱ
Ҳһ֣Ϊսʱ㱣˵ʿնɱ֮˲ءʣµˣ˵ˡ
ҹݺ峤ʱɱһսҲ£ģôףûԼ֧ԮôǺܿܣΪԳ峤ͰԳ峤ָʧɥ
ҹݺ峤һɱ˵ʹˣ͸ӥ峤ӥ峤ִ͸Լı˲ͷһִУɱκһħ峤ȸҲ⡣ãԹ©ɱһ湦Ϊӥ峤֮Уһ˳λļ̳ˡ
һӥ峤֮Ͷ˳λò˵һЩզأȴʮͻ
ǲôأĳ֣˰Գ峤ӣȫ³£֧ӣ˲ںһ𣬷˷Ϯ
һηϮ˻峤һֲʱʧأˡĲ£Ȼ¿Ҳֻ˰ʱң˴
һħһֻӣֻʣһ峤ʱѡĻôû
ûߣΪĲ¶ˣ˵ķµˣҲȫˡ
ԾȥôҲ޼ˡ
ʱһְڽʱУûȥҲûʲôˣЦһֱ˲䣬Ĺ
ҪԼʱҲҪϼˡ
ˣɱ֮һһǰԳ峤һҹݺ峤Գ峤˲أɻɱȶ԰Գ峤֡
˲صİԳ峤ǻȫʱĶ֣ɲǼһغˡԳ峤˼ò˷ŭһ棬ҪԳ峤˲
ɱһյ֮󣬻峤̱Ϯҹݺ峤ҹݺ峤峤ǰ˿ܵĶûС
ȻУҲеţʱܳһˣô֮ǰĹԺӢ󣬾ͳ׵ɢˡ
㣬Ҳһ峤ܴĻᡣ
峤ȻŹĻᣬֻһȥֱշ˹ʩչһк
ۿУϾҪԼϣԼҪɢʱԼ棬Ǹʹ͸ķ̷ãγһصı֣Լ档
Ļôûʲô˵ġؼǻ峤Ĺϣ̾ͷ˻ȥ
Ǻ׼Ļ峤̱ԼľУһֱ
ҹݺ峤䡣
ҹݺ峤ǿ
ڸɵˡ
Գ峤԰Ϣˣҹݺ峤Ϊ㱨ˡ
ҵĺҹݺ峤оˬһжֵˡȻȴûע⵽ڼǰҹݺ峤ĿɣѾʪ͸ˡ
ȻӮˣôʣµ飬θ㶨Գ峤Լħıˡҹݺ峤Խһת
ܿ;ȶˡΪ֪ӥ峤һĿˡԼ˴Ĺͣû˿ԺԼĻôһᱻӥ峤һɵԸ顣
Ҫӥ峤֣һȻԳ峤ˡԳ峤ĸ£ѾʣµѾԣ֧λˣôλãȻӥ峤ԼֻҪڱ֧ӥ峤Գ峤һͿȵĵˡ
ҹݺ峤˼һת棬̾ˣɱԳ峤ڵߡˣɱһսǳʮֺƴδѾõ˵ˡںԳ峤ֵħ˾ӣǿϢ֮η壬Ӷͷ˿յ
Գ峤һһûᣬԼĻһɱ˽ƱҪ͵ġ
ͬʱҹݺ峤Ҳһͷɱ˽ͷлһĽģʽħǷҲǣǰҲǣܿͱ˾ӣ˺һӡ
û޸ӣ˺ĿӣԽԽҲԽԽ࣬ۿŰܾѶôȻвˣѡߡ
һħʿǣҲ޷ά־ˣ汼ӣħ˴ڵʵдաϧǵϤ˲䣬ҲԼϤһõκһսʤܿͺɨħ˴
һľƣʮֵˣȫһߵľơħ˴֮ʮӣͳɢˡ
ʤ֮ҹݺ峤һЩȥɨƺ󡣶һˣǰԳ峤ǰϸһ£İš
ϾϣԳ峤Ǹͳ˧
ȻԳ峤ڵʵ£ֻʣ˲ʮ֮һɴ˿ɼ˥ʲôزûֵ֧ˣôǲվλģΪٸߣҲûˡĻԳ峤ֱӽȫ·Ÿҹݺ峤ԼŰ졣
ʵʱԳ峤ѾףԼӥ峤ݺˣûʵʵ֤ݣôֻܾͶˡ
ûԳ峤İ£飬ҹݺ峤ܿĵľʹˡ

һ棬ָ
ӥ峤һһĻ㱨֮󣬶ʱ쳣ϲȻûиɵԳ峤Գ峤ұۣѾս֮䣬ôԼûʲôвˡ
Ψһ˵ҹݺ峤ȻţȥȻԳ峤Գ峤Ҳֻ
ӥ峤Ѿڿǣʤ֮취ҹݺ峤ȥһˡ
ոյ棬һ̫ϲ˻ˡ
ȻǻɣǸ֮еӡʹˣӥ峤Ҫܸ˵ټ
ɺܵĽӥ峤̵èͷӥ峤أ
èͷӥ峤ѾͲǰˡӥ峤װһʹèͷӥ峤ɥ飬ϸһ¡
ӥ峤Ҳһʹ֪ɱèͷӥ峤ʱͣ˲١
ΪٻʱѾ֪ץסһϢˣսϾʤˣôȻû˿һèͷӥ峤Ҳˡ
ɣһʱȥʲôطˣӥ峤Ȼ鱨ţǻɵ飬ŵģȻ֪ɸʲôȥˡ
ѯʣȻҪ򵥽һԼľĵӥ峤Сһֵܣڵзͨһٽβȫסһսβȫɱ
ʲôӥ峤һ侲ˡϾҹݺ峤õĶͿɱ峤
ģôʲôǿıɱβ峤Ҳûʲôرˡ
ʱ˿̣ӥ峤ѾڿǣǷȥҪһЩı
ʱ䣬ǲȥҪˣΪҪƺҪʤ֮顣
ӻ֣ûȥԺʹ㱨һ£Ҳʹ˽Ŀǰսַչʲôزˡ


424 ˴
ƺһӵĹ
Ҫʬ壬ϾʬصĲ䣬ġ
ҴЩ֮󣬻Ҫ⹦Щˣܼν֮󣬸Լġ
ͬʱӥ峤ҪһѾ˵èͷӥ峤λԼȻԳ峤Ѿʧȥ˾ĻǱϾݰԼĲãôױԷˡĳ˵ӥ峤ϣս֮йҵĲǰԳ峤Գ峤
ǲôӥ峤ĵλȹĸҲһ㸡ˮ棬Ҫλá
ҹݺ峤Ҳ˳Ӧĵģ˵֣Գ峤ȴ֪ΣѾˣΪӥ峤ˡ
ҹݺ峤Ĳ棬вӥ峤ĸһȡȨֻսսܶطҪ˺ͽӣҹݺ峤Ҳûз
һΣսѾȥ˰¡
µʱ棬һŬǽƺ㶨ˡɻǶ֣һ·׷ɱħ˵ｭɽ֮Уսɻķᣬع֮󣬱˿λá
ڶǷϣҵʱ
ҰĲȴֲεʱ
ĺλõĻɣԵøλҪע
ȻҪǻʹĸҲϵĵӣ²ֻһ˰ˡ
սϴ˲ӰҲԽԽ
˵ڱ棬ӰѾԽӥ峤ӥ峤ηȨϣֻҪԸ⣬ôͿԵ䣬Ϳӥ峤οΪĸߣȫӥ峤˵Ķ֡
Ȩơ
˲䣬־˴δսʧʮ֮ãʣʮˣȥУսˣ򣬿˵Ԫˡ
û˶֣ڲʱìĵǣ˽˷չʱڣҶ½һͳ
Ҿӥ峤Ҫ󣬽½Ϊ˴½һٵĵвӦ
һΣֹȥ˰ꡣ
ʱ棬ҽս֮лָ͡
һֱڹۿ伮Ҳڽ߳˲䣬Ĳؾ
߳յʱвһ䣬ñ£Ȼ֮ĹЧ
ʹˣ˵ʲôʱ򣬳⹧ʵ
ûʲô
һۻɣǺġ
Լ˴½ĵһˣҲǺԼϵõһˡԴսʤ֮׷ħˣ˵˳λλãˣǲ֪ΪʲôһǰԶվλãĵؾ󣬵һͯ
ͯԼְȨħ˲Ĳؾ飬Ҳᵽۿ
ΪЭ꣬ſԹңڣûʲôա
ԸȥȻתŻɵ
ʹ˲СԸȥ붼û룬ֱ˵Լ뷨
пʲôǣһᣬȻĵǣôҾͲܴȥ
ûǣеįȻս˴Ӯˣ̫ˣһ弸ɵˣһսȫŻᰲĵһͯȥ竵ӡ
Ȼˣ쿪ʼʰȴҵķԸɣ̾ϢһȻ˫һʱƾһȻָһ㻨ɵĶͷ
ǸȻĽ뻨ɵԺ档
һ̣ɵΪ˲õȵȻһԾ֮䣬峤磬Ҳ侳һ졣
һԼͻƣֻΪʱ̫̣Ի޷ͻưˡ
ǻԱһ
˵һ䣬Ȼ󱳸˫֣ǰӥ峤İ칫ص㡣
ʱӥ峤˳һ˳λΪս֮ĵһ쵼ˣ˵緢
Ŭţۡ
һۣҹݺ峤һʱΪһʱ䣬ڳ֮󣬾ǰԳ峤һʱȥ֮⣬·ʲôһ
Գ峤Ĳ£Ҳһʱ䣬׷ҹݺ峤£ѾںϵƷչȥôδҹݺ峤չΪӥ峤£Ȩ֮Ƕڲȶǲõġ
Цһӥ峤ڵϣȻɱڵĵʩչһЩֶΣҹݺƣôͲ֪Ӳߡ
ӥ峤Ѿȥȫûˡһʱλ֮ѾӦˣ˵κһˣô
ʱˣӥ峤ĸЭԳ峤ֿħ˱ң´󹦵˽Ŀӥ峤䣬ʹ
ʹӥ峤ûһʱûмʹˣУѾʹˡ
ȲѵĻǾԲʹġ
˵Ҫʲô𣿡ӥ峤Сѯʵ
˵ˣҪЭĸ˼һ´
ȷЭǷԸֻʣ֣ͬǱĴ壬֮
Эĸ϶Ĵﵽ
˾ͺã
Эӥ峤΢΢һɡ
һŶԷɿԼݣҪԼæǿԼæһʲô飬ԼҲԴݲȵľܾ
ɣӥ峤һ
õģĸתȥ

⣡
һŭĵߣӥ峤ȻʹȺ򣬼ֱ
һᣬʲôϵ˿ĵ
ʹˣʲôݣӥ峤ҲҪһͷǰѾǸˣοҪȣɺܲĵ
ˮתЩ飬ЩʱǲܽģΪ޷֪˭ʲôʱĵù
Ļһ䣬ӥ峤ĸ˳ҹǽȥ̬̫ںɾĽѵ֮ҲֻһԴ˱ﲻûм˵ʲô
ӥ峤İ칫ң򵥴һ¡
Ķèͷӥ峤ڵʱһֻһЩϲװƷˡ
ӥ峤ȻСѯʵ֪ʹأʲôҪЭ
Ҳûʲô飬ֻҪæѰһˡʼ磬򵥵˵
ʲôӥ峤еüֻҪģô̰ȥѰҡ
㵱Ȼ
վԼĿռ䴢棬óһͼŵͼ˴½ȫͼ
ȫͼƽİݷϣȻԼͼϵİ˸ȵĵطȦҪѰҵĶ˸ط
ħ콧ȣɽ壬ڰɭ֣ħأء˸طӥ峤е㲻ĵʹˣǲڿЦ˸ط˴½ľأǽˣʮһ߳ǲˡ
ûпЦҪĶܾܿ˸طһ档ҡҡͷޱĵǷģʱһþѪǵ棬һǰȫõΣһܽ⣬ҲңʱԳ֡
⡭ӥ峤ɱȽϵǵĿ
ʲô⣿ûʹˣܰĵﵱ䣿ûʹˣ˲군ˣ飬Ӧøɴȥ졣ʱ̲סˣվŭȵ
û˵ͬ⡣ŭĿӵĻɣӥ峤˼֡
ģҲ׸ɵġӥ峤һŵҿԸһֻ֤ܰѰҵǸҾ͸һ񵤣ٻһǧꡣ
ӥһ壬Ƿǳ̵ġ
ӥ峤ΪҲֻа˰ӥ峤Ѿˡ
񵤣ôͿӳһǧȹȥ۷Ҫࡣ
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ȥټ˰Űɣ
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Ȼӥ峤ЦһŵԼٻһǧ꣬ҹݺǸļһ֪һᱻѪ
ҹݺ峤ӥ峤Ȼûа취ӥ峤λôҪӥ峤ʣ߸ˣȥ
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Լյʱ䣬ҹݺ峤Գ峤峤һȺ룬׷ҡ
ӥ峤ʲô飬ôżǽ
ǣӥ峤һڼ׼ȡС檣һȹҹء
ţҼҲڼӱŬָյˮ׼ء
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ڻһǧ꣬ʱȫԷԼˣ̳ԼĵλȫõģЩ췴ϡ
ˣһżǰΪʹǰңЭȥҵ㶫ӥ峤ҲǿԣֱӽҪȫ˵
ӥ峤˵꣬Щ峤̴չȥһ۵ͼϵȻһɫȻ˾
У̫Σˡ
ҲȥεҿɲԸμӣ˭Ըȥ˭ȥ
ʹˣǷ˲ɣȻȥأҶ
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ҹݺ峤Ȼ֪Ϊʲôӥ峤ὫԼǣ
Ȼӥ峤˵ˣôԼҲֻܾܾվʹ˱֤ôһ
ҹݺ峤ǰôλʲôǣôҲԷˡӥ峤˺鷢չλֳɰ˲ÿһǰһطѰ


425 ̽ͷ
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طյصȻԷϵĲΪȷ̽顣ȥʱչ£֮óһƿƿҩһööι״ķݸЩȥѰˡ
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һΣһʱôˡ
һ棬ռͻϢͨЩϢڼԼķȻһжϣѰĵص㡣

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У˭ϡĵҩ
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֮۾ʱ˵ĹâֱֻӴһϲĵˣԳˣü̽ˣʣµһ˽ˡ


426 ħ
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ˣǻŵˣϽ뿪ħɣΪϾͻʧһȥǶ
˵꣬ҲЩˣǴһӣеĶħץԼ档һ̣ľͺһԽضװ棬οССĶħأ
ǣȥǸħҪ̸һ̸һʲôĴڡ
һ䣬ƯϿУȻ󻯳һֱӳŶħȥٶ֮죬һЩ˺ͶħûзĻᡣ


427 Ǳ
ħ
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Ҵ½ػǣֱӽԼᵽ⣬ᵽ˽Ĵ½ıؾ֮·һЩ֮½ˣҪĴ½ضҪȺػߵʬ޿ܡ
֪Ĵ۵˶ߣпѡ
ͬʱҲ֣Լ̫СˣСе½ػǣԼߣһˣ׽Լ㶨
һ̣Դ֮飬˲ɢ
ƺ뷨ˬʵĵҲǫȻǧҶʱ䣬ܵĳ˯ÿһѵʱҵ˶һµľơ
˵һǱȽϳڵġǰһˣʮֵĳɫʹﵽʥ侳һӣȻ·ɥһȻѾˣô̸ۣҲûˡ
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Ļ𾪲ѡ
ȻѾ²⣬ǻΣǺˣԭĴڱֲ˵ǿӵ֮ı
ҲΪˣŴӲ֤ʵһʵǾݺԼˣԼϻͯˣһǱǺӡ
ΪĴ۵ΪмԼΪСôֻбǺ̳Ĵ۵ͳˣſĴµһأӶնԼ
ּҲ˱ǺĴв岻ĹϵǶûһ
Ĵ۳ôΣ
ֻҪԸ⣬ôһԽŪ췭ظĴҲ۲ѡ
οǺǱǺӣĴĴۣǲһˡ
뷨֮Цһûмȥ뱱Ǻӵ⡣ʵϣֻҪԼһ뿪ôǺͱǺӵľսʼΪѾһİգȥǺˡ
ı鲻۾ȴܿ˼ҲڴģѵԼʲôط˵ˣǡ
ˣ֮ǰ½֮һ֮½ţ츳ʮֵĿֲѾ£ħ̣һ֧ӴĶ飬ɢԼľ˵ĶôܽĴ½Ƿ֤ıʩѾ׵ʧЧˣǷĴ½ѾΣ֣ʱ̶ܱ֮½˹ռĵ⣬ˬѯʳ
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ͬĵ
ԣǵʵȫԱסĴ½սֻҪ֮½١ҪףĴ½꣬عˣôҲҪһЩֶκʱ䣬ſѰҵ˵صġĴ½ƶǣϸıĴ½й켣ôܽ˵صˣȻҪࡣ
ȻˣΪʲôһ֮½ˣ˳Ĵ½أɻĵ
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ҺͱǺӣƺ뵽ʲôǲȷ
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һˣе½ػߣ
һˣҲǼ֮½ˣ֮ǻһصвҲ뾡ظ꣬ӵ۷սȻص˵ߣ塣ĵ
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ͷʾԼˡ
ĶҪ鲻һΪҪԼɳҪͱǺһɳ
ϣ´μ棬ǻϥ̸
վһڣʾĴлϾԷԼ֮δƣһԵķжϡҲ֪ԼδӦȥߣȥĿİߡ
ıӰһǵĵΪʲôܸоʲôͷ飬Ҫȥأ


430 ع
Ǹ˺ǿԲ˵Ϊ
ţΪǿֵһᡣΪҪǿһЩҪսĻôҲҪĵ
ǿǻԽܡһ࣬Ҳ˵ǿôǷ֤Զҵȣ
ɲ⣬Ǹˣδǰ;ҲһƬ𡣡
ˣҲ֪˺ǸʹЩʲôȻҹǺ
ţˣôȺСܣڸʲô
ʱˣҵĲĲ壬˵ǲʱ仯̫졣Ҫ֪ǸʱǶôѺãôమ
˺˾ˣûʲôֵøпġοܳΪ˵Ĳ£Ѿ֮⣬ħˣδѾҪˡ
Ҳԣǹȥǧ棬Ҳû˺Լĺʱ̸ʲôʴȣ̸ʲôͰҲûʲô˵
ħѪˣһۣȻ
ЩСħһѾ뿪˶ħűȥű棬ؽħˡΪħ񣬲ǵľסأֻǲſ԰ľסĻǵˡʵҲǶħ֮һǾ޷ʱй䣬Ҳ޷߳ħ󣬷򶼿֮֡
һ̣
ڴӶħǱ˳
֣ħѪˣ̹ʾԼ˳ѾǺͬһĴˡ
ǺܺãҲгɣϧ޷ڼˡ̾ϢһȻתȥֻ壬ƯڿУ˲뿪˶ħ󣬷ص˵ء
뿪֮Ѫӣͱнħű棬Ҳ֪ʲô顣

أҶڵȴȴȥʤϢϾħغأطһ׺ݣҪĵطֵطȻûϣǴˡ
ѯʣͷȻҡҡͷĵط˵Ѿʲô⣬ֻжħһǵδҲʲôӰˣΪǺһġ
˵һ仰Ͳٴǣֱתȥ
סĵطˣ˳ȥȻԼĴ棬óһĹЩĹʵǱô򵥣ûȤ
ʵ磬Ҫ飬ѰһĶǾǻԪᾧǸԴԼԪԼΪһ
ѯʵģǵ֪Ǳ֮ջԼ뷨ΪԪᾧһ䱦ԼҲһϧġ
ΪˣԼѶʣôһ಻ġԼȥѰңȻֱӽߣһ´ˡ
Ĺʵһͼ
Ĳٿ£Ĺϵ磬ںһȻɢһŹݶ֮ϡ⻬ݶ˲һͼ
ͼ˴½ͼһģһûʲô
ȻͼӵĹһЩҲӵȫ棬ȫĵͼϣ㣬Щĵطо
ͬʱγһָ룬ָһλáɽ˽ѯһǸطõЧĴ𰸡
ԭǸطԼ˴½λõĲԶ
̣ӥ峤Լ峤ЯɵֱƯȥ
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Żɣ˵ͼڵλá
λãϸ۲һᣬȻʩչһƬضи飬úÿһ鶼ֳ֣Žȫÿ
ÿЩ֮󣬵³һˮʯʯ棬һȪˮʣȪˮʮ峺һĿ֮顣
ʲôɲȻ޷֪ѯһ䡣
һۣ죬ҪظͿѪӴȻݵĵȻ˵Ĳ²ǰҪƻƬصĺģ˶ɥʧԣֱ
뵱ǰΪϱĤݣˣһЩЭ飬ĳĿȴǵһȺ׳գҪ˲עĹߴ½½õһߣħһɣԶ֪˵ΰѾڿʱ򣬾뷨Բιڣ޷˵ǻۡ
죬ҽҵˣ˴·ϣʮҴˣץȻʶһ£ʲôĳͷ
ֻһˣɫĵ
ڻվ󣬸֪Է˭ôţԷ˵ĻԼʲôӰ졣ͻȻðĲ԰ӣһˡ
Ѫӻµʱ򣬻ɾŭһֱӳȥ
һ룬͵˻
ΪʵѪӣʮǧһεġʱ֣һʱʧȥ˷ʹһԡ
һˣڵˣʲôĿһοĺϣҾʱһһΣҾͽ޷׹ֻء
ڽѵҵʱעǺصġ
̾Ϣһ壬ƮڿУȻֱӭѪӡ
ˣʶѪӵǿôᵨʲôˣ㱱ǺӣĴ۳޷ɫ
ǿߡ
ҲΪſ֮ã֮Ĵûжҡ
ǿȴħҪǿɲҵĶ֡
ħΪ˳ǿսСԷӳٷ֮ٵҾǧķչҵǿȣѾ֮ʥ侳ˮ׼ս侳ӣȫҵĶ֡
ķϻࡣ
һ侳۷ȫͷ˳
սֻ侳죬ǿԱ侳ĳڵսǳϡ֮еľӢţǰɲǶ֡
Ѫӣʮְĵվվһ٣㶼޷ҡ
𣿡
Цһ˲ʧһ̳ѪߣȻһᡣ֪ÿһжɱ侳֮µʦ
ǺѪϣûʲôӰ죬ЦһûУ֮Ĳ࣬ȥˡ

һȭɨľ

ȭɨ壬ʱһƬƬ˺ۡ
Щ˺ۣɼǡ
ۣҲûʲô˵ġ
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ı飬Ѫӵı飬ʱޱѿе㲻ˬĵɣװںɣҽʬж˿֮ͻˡ
Ѫӣʱһ˲һɫѪȻ
һ˲Ĺһ˲ƻʮֵľˡ
Ĺոϣͷ壬Ȼһ޵ľ󺰣޷԰Ρ
Ϊʲô
ѪӣвӵĿ
Ȼı飬ոճ˲䣬ͿһУ˲ʩչ˴һӿѪӡӰ£Ѫӵ壬˲Ťһֱ̣ӽ档
ͻƣ侳֮۳һɿռ䣬רɵ˵ģռ棬κεĵˣΪ϶⣬޷
ȻռҲܵġ
Ѫǿߣһʼʱ򣬾Ĵ澯ĻôͿӦʩչطһͿӳ졣
ֻϧѪӣһʱͳ֮УҲûá
棬Ҿܵģڿˡ
ʩչ𷨣ڸסܲ鿴ĵĶȻѪӳ׵Ѫ֮Ϊһεõ׳˲ﵽ侳ı׼
ֻ֮Уôͻ֮ɿԲɽ٣ԭΪ
ɵѪ֮ӿռ䴢棬ǳһҩûɷáڷ֮󣬻ɵƣ˲ͻָ
ˡ
ϻɵĻĵ㲻Ҫ̫࣬ҵ£ôȨ㡣ղͦѾԼģʮֵ⡣
ڿʼҸһ㸺ػκһ˴ңܰ쵽ĿŻɣȴĴ𸴡
ı飬ɵͷ˼һ£ȻĻظˣֻһ仰˵ǾҪôǲҵʬ̤ȥԲܡ
ܺãҹȻûп㡣
һȻļ򣬸һĹ
ʩչһˮΧһ󣬳׽ƬڸͬʱŻɵˣҪչشʮң͸Χľ磬û˴ŵ£ôҲԴкô𣿡
ˣллѡɹһ£ʾԼˡ
һͿԷĵ
ʱ֮Ķħű֮У׼ջطɢȥ֮飬ͻȻͷʹѣݷŭĵȻҵˡ
֪ˣǰҾͲӦ÷ȥ
üͷһ壬ͬʱ˼һӦΰ졣Ͼ۳ˮӣѾУ˲㣬ҲҪѡһ취µۡ
ҪץݺݵĽѵһ١
ȻǲɱģϾɽŵĵӡŵʦʵҲϣҺˣͬһε
Ĵǣΰʱ죬һӰ죬ߵ飬Ҹ֪֮Ѿظ˾ų֮࣬ô̻صҵ߰ɣ
Ҹоش½ǧ˵ڣζҪδİдá
ĻǾϵʥּԲԥ;ܾġ鷳뷨̷Ըħȥʣµķ֡
·ϵˣ½ָ洵ÿһ춼ǿӥ峤Ҳ֮ĪԼĹԢ档
ʮ֮˴½֮ϣҲûһŵˡǵ꣬ǣ£ƯħűȻ£׷ںϽ棬ǵںϣ԰׵գ˲ظѪɫҲûһʼĲ԰֮顣
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431 ķӦ
һ㣬һ㡣
ϵ±ȥڵضʮ㣬Ȼ
ʱȻһԪȻѾﵽ˼ȿֲĵز侳ˮ׼ɴ˿ɼһʱ䣬Ҳûٳɳ
һ֣Ȼ̼ǰǰˣһΪ
ΪʲôΣգ
ЦЦοһȻ޷סҡ
ǰ֣֪ġ
ӲһЦȻһƨ
Դ΢ЦͷȻʾˣڲռ䣬ϾҪˣǱ뾡ȥˣͻ
ҲԣҲﵽƿҲ޷ͻˡȻĵͷʾԼҲ뿪
Ǿͺã
˵ֱ·ȥ
ԼһСʱ֮˱ĵһ㡣
ʱǸʯʨӣ
һβͬһο˿鶼ûС
Ŀ⣬ûɨһ
һԿóѾõĳֹͨǳĴڣԴҲû̫⣬ֻǴŻɺȻȥ
뿪֮ʩչɵӡסΪɵ壬Ϊ壬Ȼñ֮еһЩԪأ壬壬һʧȥıԪأôͻһ壬ӶҪɵӡȻѰҵһֽԪ龫ǵʯ񣬰ԪأȻԴϴڵ־׳Ϊһʵ壬ǸʱĻɣſһˣһˡ
ӡ˻ɣȻǰС
ʱ򣬱֮ڵ飬ںϣһٽʣµˣȫΪ壬ϳһʽꡣ
ʽں£ڴﵽ˰ٷ֮ʮȡѪӣ˻ɵĻȣٻﵽٷ֮ʮš
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ȻͨҲںôһȱټˣ˵ͨȫһЩͨʣµİٷ֮޸
ȱһСֵ壬˵Ѿȫûѹˡ
ƿ˱ϸһ±ڵԼڲı仯Ūһ֮󣬲ųХһεض𣬲ֱ߱ӷʡ
Ҫ֪ڵġ
ʱԽصķӡңԶ⣬ôԻС𶯡رǴ˵أһż˽⣬ΧӦвڿŲŶԣôһ˵ע⡣

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һǣɿĻǼʣصС
Լеııʮֵ
һЩͨôһϵķʵһһװˡ
Ϊ֣ʵͨĶ֣˿û˳ԽԼ̫ĸ֣ôñҲ޼¡
һġ
ţƺСӵĻǧ֮ȫ޸ˡ
ǸСӵսֿˣԺսĻԼҪСһˡ
һսˣδػƬ½һϣ
ӿˣǸСӣڵõЩ֧֮󣬿սҪԽˡ
ߣСӣûбʲô£ΨǶֶΣһˮ׼ĻȻôصˣҲԼ޸˿꣬Ľ
бҪȥǸСӣһζˡ

֮еĴߣһıԺ׷׵ת˼ǱߵԼԼδİš
Ͼ⣬һôˣߵսҶʮҴҶһ콾ǵţǿߣǵĺˣͬˣԼСսʤԼôеӵˣҪҲҪĳɳֻǲܲں̫Զ
һʱ䣬֮½ƣǿ˲١Ȼ֣ʩչ˲СֶΣı˴½Ĺ켣ȻвٴߣĳΣҲڲϵ
ȥһ꣬һ֮½ðߣˡϣÿʮͻһ֮½ˣĴ½
ÿһγֵڲϵѾӹȥļˣʮˣĴ½ǿһҲеƲĸо
Ͼû֪һεֵʱ򣬾ˡǸʱԼֶһЩôױ͹Ӷ䡣
ԼһôĪ䣬ôе㱯ˡΪȥǱս
ػס˵أôҲҪ뿪޷뿪ôҲҪԼǰ档
ΪܴﵽĿģǿԼսôֶΣĶ٣Ҫ飬ҲΪʲôҿʱһ죬Ǻĵ˼룬ζһԼԼսԼܶһЩֶΡ

ˣ׷˼ٵʱ
Ĵ½ıϣһ֮أӱǺվһǿգ̱˷Ȼһ
˷ܣܿį
ΪǼˣӱǺӣܡ
ڲ֪ǱһҾӦùȥϸѰһŶԡ
еûڵıǺӣָֻ侲
Ϊ֪Լǰľƣ±۾ָɫ
ͬħ̵ĺɽһܵĿռ֮ڡ
һʮа꣬չͬķ򣬲ı飬ȴñȽ磬·ϣŵһöеĳһ˵սֻΣֻǼ˭ģĴۣ죬ֻɽӡ
Լ½õ鱨ʾ½²Ȼк֮ܶصġ֣ͱȴҲ²ҪĶࡣ
˾ȵǣԼԽϵʱȻ˺ֲܿĴҲյһΣգܵ谭ûֲ̫ЩǿߵֶΣȫԽԼ⣬ȻһɱͺͬǽˣԼȻĪĽƬ½еŵ
Ĵ½һ͵ȼ½͵ȼλ棬ȴһλӱǺӡǸСӵֺΪ˿Լ츳ӦøӵĿ£ûоط£һĴ½ɿѸٺͿֲһĴڣһĴ½ֵԼڻоо
ǺӣҪԼѶȵġֻҪԼһֱħ̵ĸôһԶʱ֮ڻظȫΪʱҲ˺һս֮ϾǺӵĳɳҪһʱ䣬һ͵ġ
ԼָΪ֮һᣬǺӸɵô´ˡԼԻȱǸǺӣʱڶԼ½һʱ棬ԼҲöȹ
һ취Ǻ鷳С
ţǺӣĴ۵ѡػ½ļ̳ˣôӦûػ½Ϊβ¶ԣôԼ͸һɱ¾
ǵλ֮½ֱͣһ
֮һħӵˣߣʮֹĵϣʲôԸ
ǰһ׼飬Ѿ׼ˣ֮½͵
ϣѾŵĲˡɭֵˣѾ˿϶Ĵ𸴣ֻҪǽ½һԴǣǾԸǺ֮ǰǱõһأϣǽأȫǣҽ˿ڣҲ͸ǡ˿͸ޣǾ͵͸ɣǲ˵顣
ǣħӺ֮½֮˵ʲôҪ飬˵ʱҲǷƵ˿ûκεӰ졣ֻ֮½ͣĵͷǸɭֵʥڶʱ֮ڣϮ½սǣסǺӵĽŲôҿԽɭܱߵĵȫ֤ս֮Уɻķ²ūȫ͸޵
֮½ͣһӾ;˴󲿷δˡ
̾ȥšħ˹ĵ
һ£֮⣬һ飬ڽеˣ֮½ʵ
˵ʥ飿ħӵ˻ɵ

ϣʥһʱʧˣԴһεս֮˵۹߹ûٴû֪ľλʲôطǴҶһ²⣬Ǿû뿪ħ۹֮ڡħ֯һ鱨Ȼ̸ĵ
Ҳո˵ˡѵͲ£ǰº֣ɣ
²֪ʲôҲпܣʲôĿذɣϾʥҲһڲͬˣԲǱϣô򵥡
Ҳã֮ҿҶһЩ˶ţֻҪΪͻƵ侳죬ô̰ǰ
֮½ʹһӣ˽̸Ľ
ħӵͷʹŶԷ뿪֮ء뿪֮֮½½״̬޲ˡ

һߣż֮С
Ȼոտ걦ߵĺۼûļ߿һ󼱴ٵĽŲһȺ̽ߣ˴˵ء
Ⱥ̽ߣһ뺷쳣
ҲԣϾط̽յˣôһΪˣһȺߣҲܽط
Ⱥ֮ͷˣһȽϰ׾꣬һ־ͽĿ⣬ȻϣȻĿһɨСӣˣΪʲôط˭ʲôʱģֿһЩʲôڸʵ㱨򡭡
ôѯʵ
죬һʲôʸҶԻүѯӣ㡣׾꣬һмĵһ
ȻȻСӣү㻰أ
ȻеȻǵһοһûˡѵͿԼվȫһ̬
һ룬ԷôһҲáȥɧǰǰ죬ô磬Լ鷳һԼҲԱǰԼĴ
һ뵽ȻͦͦӣȻֱǰһվڰ׾ǰҪһ飬ǾҲˣ
ڶǰмһƽϣȥôһǣǻܵصĺ
һȻĻڳ֮гȻЦˡֻǵЦе죬ԲΪȻĻŻסˣΪǸںȻвֻ׾һ࣬ǰһһСӣ֪Ǽ˭𣿡


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İ׾ӣȻǲڴеģΪı飬竵ȻΪԷǿԼΪԼŪԶԷԼв
ǰ׾ţһʱ򹫲Էһ̱Ȼ޲ùڵϣֺ
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׾ӵĻ̴Ʒ˵˳
˵ֵʱгԺ·ǰƷһͬʱҲбۣȻĻŵߣšӣӵĴ֮Ҫɵ˰ɣ
ǰ׾Ӻĸ࣬һص뷨̬ȡ
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ΪȻһת˵һ䣺ƷǣһʲΪʲôҴû˵˵ʱȻһɻĿ˿ҶԴ˱ʾԼĲм

ˣһˣħǵǰ׼ңǹӵˣѾˡǲһҲԲһ
Сȥɣ
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ǰӣֻҪҪԷͷ̾ȥͷ
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ȻƷǸ֪ʵħһͳʱͺȻżҽ˱֮С
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һ࣬Էܶ顣
ȥħأһ꣬вԸֶָΡǳףں
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ȥİ׼ңͶħ֮һֱҵԷ߹Եõ˺ܶһ׼ҵƣҲ
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Щǿߣаܻʵۣɽţۣħ̽̽ȵһһǿߡ
ͬʱҲһǿߣ콾棬ֳַ񵥡Ȼǵ콾¼˴·ϵľšͷ֮ˣȻɱ˾ǿ߰ӺʥӶˡ
һЩ·ϳ콾棬֮ˣԴܹĵ̣ʣµ֮һħ֮һɭ֡
Ϊɭ֣һʱƵƵҹ˲СһϢءǸϢأǾǾԵǿߡ
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һȻЩġ廹˵ǲǸħȴţΪԼҵ콾̫ˣԲ̫
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棬еǰʮǰ׾ӣڵħʮְ񡣶Ʒǣڵھŵλϡ
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Ҳ˵ʥ˹ؿŬɽ٣ĳϣ֮˵硡
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ĳȻ붼룬ֱ˵һ֡
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ȻʱԶһλãһȣηСȻ۸Ұ׼Һ
Ȼ׼ҵĸ֣ڵõƷǳµϢ֮󣬴Զˡ


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㽫ջȥôҲҪֲصĴۣĲˡ
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вѣҾһϵаˡ

һԪɨǸеˣһΪ˲仯ΪС
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˵ԷȻ˵ţôͲɣΪɵ̫٣ٵĿκһӣҲ˶Ƚϳ
֪棬ȻûŵĴڡ
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Ϊ۶Է˭ҪΪ˰׼ҵӣݺݽѵԷһٵġ֮ڴѯʣʵҲֻϣԼֵʱ֪һذˡ
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ȷʵһţ֮ղãҲʷһֱ졣˰֮ǰһ֮⣬ûҲ˲šԴħ֮žͳΪħһ֣ĿǰϲһңԷǡü۵ʦ̽Լ֪˵˳
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ԷһСǣǸոսСǣڰСĳǳأȫûеλΧҲûпԴ˿ҲٵĿħ棬ûעǸ塣Է棬ǵĳ׵֮⣬ļ壬һҲҪ˽⡣
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ħȷʵҪţҪ˲ţһ˲ŵķֺ֮ص顣
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֣ȴһԪ籩Ԫ籩˲佫׵µ޷ƶһһ

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סȻͷ
ϣһμ㣬Դﵽ侳ĵزһתУ˲ʧԶ


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ħأֻ˵ѾʮƫƧ
ﵽɳĮӱǺ֮½ͣ﷢һ춯صսذ޹⡣
꣬ﶼǵսԡżҲһЩսʱĳ֣˿Ѫڡ
Ҳǳ֮Ϊʥء
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һͱһءֻӣ˿ԽȻһӣۣӦû˲Ŷԡ
ǾڸղţһӰ
ȫ˽ΧĲãԼЩǰѲߵʿֱԽϣߵ˽غ֮ȻԴһսҳȻϸۿʱʱͷҡҡͷϸƷ۷
ţǺӵΪѾﵽ龳ˣһͻƣôʥ侳һ۷ˮ׼ɹ⣬Ĵۿϵˣӵδ֪Ǳֻϧխû֮˵츳׷ԼҲ˲ԼϣԼսҪұضս
ţ֮½ͣȻͷۣѵϷ߸ɣ⡣Ĵ½֮ҲΪġţΪʺϵֻϧؼǵħԪأֲ£ħڶӡҲΪˣδ̫áΪĴ½ķչħԪѾƵϡޱȣṩˡ
ǲŴʥ侳ΪڴŻָ侳ӣڼľ츳Լʥ侳ںӶԿʱܻΪġһ֪ħ󣬽Ǻ棬ҽشԴ˴ﵽϢĻᡣ
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˵սನԪ䡣ԼڶԷ֪£͵͵ȥôһΣҲһ󾳽磬ǶԼ˵̫ˡ
ȻҲֻſڶԷ֪£͵͵أֶΣյսֻԭ
ʱΪܵѾʮۺȫԴ侳죬һ·ɱ侳졣ڸʱ䣬ô侳죬ҲȫԴﵽǵﵽ侳֮Ҫʥ侳һ죬ôˡеֶΣԼڵĴ½Ҫͻƣʵ̫ˡ
ߣǺӺսನôͻƵϣͻӶﵽ۵ĵز
Ƿȱʱ䣬Ԫ
һ뵽ͿһΧȻʩչһطԼľϸ̽ΧѰԪĵط
ڸ汻ҵһԪĵطһڿԪڲڵԪʮ㣬ǿ֧
壬ڷ˹ȥ
ڽԪ֮ԼֶΣˣҲһ档
󷨣ӲĽԪƶһλãҲһ󷨣һħڶʱ֮ڣԲܷ֡
㶨˿֮ԼֶΣЩˣȫһ棬˯ȴ˥ϣڳ˯ʱ򣬿ԼΪǵδʮкôġ
ҲΪˣְĴۣ޷ؼң޷ȥԷ桭ȵȡ
㶨ƺ֮һĵطȻ˯֮УĿʼ

һΣʱ䣬ܿƮŶ
ħֵ֮棬ɫǡ
ｨʮֹϣ˵ʼĴĩꡣ˵ʱĴ۵ĸڴ˵ѲأȻоԼգǾطһĹ
Ȼ֮طˡ
Ĳ£ͷطһĹȻطʱĲ£飬͵˾
ھĴۣһԼĸôˣбȽϱˡڴ󳼵Ľ£;ĸһǳءǳأڵǡ
ǣѾĺܺΰˡ
֪Ϊʲôһʱ䣬ǱԱӿ֡
˵ûУɭд
ʲô
˵ɭԴ֮ǰ֮һηˣѾ˴ܵӢʡˣǹռٶȣڹãͿɱǡ
ܿǲˣȥû¡
ħľҲ̫ãɭҲǣڱ߾Ħ˵ӵܱҲ١һʱ䣬ܵ۹͸ɣڴЭ飬Ҫг׵ĺˡһɺôǾͿԴǿʵʱɭֵĴҲϾǵڶĸʥ侳ǿߣһһ侳ǿߡʱɭѹȲ˶ܵ۹ôǷתͷѹħˣôʱôӦԡҪ֪ܵ۹ԲŹǵģʱս¶δ
ɭе̫ˣħѵǲ֪һʱ䣬ħһƬ壬ѾԴħͽΪһʱ䣬ܵ۹֮ڣЩħǣѾͨ;ЩħǣħڲħԵ̣Ϊ˵һǧԻħȥδħԻǿʢ
ħǲ٣Щʦȴࡣ֪ǷûУǸ壬ѾٳʦˡҾܳһţôΪĽչԼչĿռ䶼󡣲ħԸħһĸ͹ȴԸʦǡ˳ȥôʦ»ħɢ
⣬嶼˼⡣һʱ䣬ħۺ˫Ѫһǵĺ֮ˣͶħΪһħʦڽʦû䣬Լļ١
ԣôЩСӵأλûǸ⣬ȴ۹ĿǰȥСվǹˡ
Ҳ̫ģǵļ٣άּꡣʱ棬ֻҪץôҲǿһġû׼δǵļ壬Ҳ´ͣʶ۷壬ȻħĽմء
뷨ˣô¡
ʱһ˹ǵ̸֮󣬶ʱЦһ
һƧҰˣԸʱ֣ǵϢѾȫʱˡ
Сӣʲôˣ
Сӣѵ֪ʲôܲɣ
ѯʣǸʱЦһҸմʱ򣬸պÿ£ڲһ˵Ĺ壬ҲΪλһĵһħ֮ǰ˴顣
ʲôˣѵʲôӵܲɣ
ħ׶Դһ⣬ʱޱȸȤһǸϵꡣ
ƺĵ˳㣬ܿĵĵǸ˽Ȼֻһ֪ĺûг֮ǰֻˣ˿ۡһѹͬţһٴﵽħʮŵСһ˹£̾УΪһһ´󹦣һеı仯ֻ˰ʱ䡣
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һ־Ű
ȻĻ£Ȼѵ˵ˣǲ֮ǰż֮ѹƷǵȻ
ȻҲ
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ǺǣշʱţЩ˵Ȼ֪ˡͱһԼķ٣Ȼصĵ֮⣬һ˵һţ֮󣬻ӵ𾪡
ʲôţѯʵ
ãȻ֪ôҾ͸ǰɡСĿҵľ۵񵽵Ϣ֮ǰӱǺӣڶܵ۹֮ڡһΪʥ졣
ʲôӳˣ
ӵƣѾָˣҵõһ
ָˣôһħˣյĳ𡣿δħҪһѪս
ӳˣôʥأ
ʥû˵Ҷ²⣬ѾɥˡϾľ磬̫ˣҲһ졣£ôʱΪ粻ȶɥ
ѾӪˡ
ˣħʲôӦİţ
Ǹû˵ҡҡͷ֮Ҳ˵ǺԼĲ£һ˵㶫Ȼ첽뿪ǡ
ȻǶûע⵽ǵһ۵ĵطһòͨ꣬΢Цۡ
˵ӣ˵ʥӵʱǻһЦЦķƵ·һҲĵӡ
Ǹ뿪֮ſ죬ֻԼŵǺΪˣһʮսʤԲ䡣ȻˣôȻʱ֮ڣͻǰյĳ𣬿Լ뿪ħͻһϷ
Խתһ£ͷѾԼΪԼѾˣôԼڻȥҲûʲô壬෴ȥҲûʲôʧôͿ걱ǺǵĴսǵԪڻȥɡ
ȻѾΪﵽ侳ڣﵽ۷ڡ
ֻҪڸһλᣬôͿͻƵʥ侳صյˮ׼ǸʱҲ֮ա
һ뵽ͻѪ
ǺôȻҪһʱ䡣һʱ䣬Լβȥħȥ̽̽ĵף⽫ʲôȶ鷢
ǵ֮һֱ뿪ǣҹħڵء
ħĵطΪŹֵģÿһħϢʾħ
ипħͬĵʵ̫ǿˡ


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ģһȥĻʯ
ûģôȨʵǿҲǱϵġ
ֻҪӵģôǾͿԴ£һӴľӣһ˲ŵأͲĻҵ
ħ壬ǴӲݸģǺһ㡣ƴͨһ飬ĶʮֺáرЩǱΪħѧͽˣǼԷֱ֣ɽħĵһħ̡
ڵħ̣ħĵڶ˹֮⣬Ȩ󣬶ҹħǿߡ
ħ棬ҲһǾħһһһ̰˴ʮĳƺ
ƺʹħĺġȻ֮½ͣҲǻĴڡǵḶ́ħڵĽ˴ңħ棬ʵĴ塣óȥǿһɵʮ壬Ǵһļ壬Ʒڵİ׼ң֮һ
һᣬһ£˵ĶϢипѡħʦĶܵ۹Ĳ죬Ļģʽֻ߽񣬶ر
ʦƫʵúͼ̡
ħʦƫھͻ
֮еĽʮֵľͻɾһҲԽܣϾħ̵һֱײ㣬źڰӣìͷױܵ۹ץסô͵òʧˡ
Ϊˣƿȫ֮󣬾ͱüݻϲõ
ĴţڶħʦѾħ˸ͲȫͳƣħħʦѾʦˡЩħʦħ̣õϵͳĴС
ִУ֮½ģʽ֮ͨʦҪ൵Ρħ棬սʦѾħʦˡ۷սôֻҪڸһʱ䣬ħʦȡʦĵλ
Ҳѹ֣Ĵۻȡħ̵ĳƺţǶɱڷչڡħ̵Ǳ̫ˣɱǣôʦĩհпϣ˲ҡңǸոȻ塣
ΪʲôǰΪҪʦֵĺǡϾҲֻȻһŮŮٿء
ΪҵѸٷչкܶʶ΢һͱҵڵأȻǱҡ
˵ȻȲã㿴һۣ׼ȥ
ĳ룬һһҵĺ֮󣬶ʱеʧΪгˣûһ̳дʦֵĹ츳츳ͨĿ¡
ʱһŮӡ
ȷе˵һСѾͷʮӣǳĿɰСѾͷһˣһߵӣۿΧĻ֪ڿʲô
ȻܹĶһԣһҲĿĶǰ
δδ
һȽĽŲԶĴ
˲һᣬһŮΰһк֮СкñȽϰ׾Ϣ䣬һǸ档
һߣкһŹƤһҲûб뷨ܲϲŮ߹ȥʱ۾Ȼˡ
Ϊ֣ǸŮȻһУһ򡣻ȻϸС΢ǵк·ϵʱ˲䱻㱬ˡ
СкܱıȼˡǸС򣬴ƨһȼգս·һɾ
طڻ԰İͽ졣ڲԶĵطһˮӣǸкȻ竣ǻǻ·Ż˲䣬һܣˮ棬һûʲôΣա
ȻǺȶӦǻԪأѵǸСŮѾһħʦˣͷ˼һ£ҡҡͷΪһħʦԼƿӦʮֵ˵ӦóָղŵʧŶԡ
СŮŨȥֻ壬һٵĵŮոҵʱƮȻߣѯʵ˭ѵͲ£ղŵһ򣬽Ǹк𣿡

Լߣһ壬Ůһæ˼ȻСĵ˼ҽѬѬ
Ѭţ֣ƺûлشҵڶءЦǺǵĵ
˼ҡ˼Ҳ֪Ůƺûʲô⣬̵Լ̬ȵĲָͷ˼ҲǸոӵǸҪһʵһѣĳ룬Ǹһﴩ·һš
ӵУ֣һȻ⣬Ǽѯʵ˵շ֣ŷ˶ã
죡Ůĵ
ô֣Լӵģ
ûʲôϷʱͷеۣǺǾͻط˯һ˯֮ӵˡһ֮ŮȽѯʵ壬֪ôһ𣿡
ħʦţѾһȽȽħʦˡ
һħ̷֣ôԻȫġܵ۹˻صҲὫΪصĶ
һովһħʦȻĲٿԼ츳Ϣ۸ԼĶͷı£Ǿţʲô
㼸ˣʵ
ѬˡŮʵĵ
꣬ȫһ覵ʱֵúúõܿģԼĿռ䴢棬óһ鼮
Ȿ鼮ҲĴ۵żѰҵġܿĴۣڽħʱ򣬴ħܲҵĵ伮
ܱȽĴ۽£ҸͭƬһ𰲷Լõż棬ϣ˿ԹĦ
ԼõⱾħؼ֮Ҳרйһʱ䣬ȻԼħʦϣ޷ȥڵȵԼĴˡ
Ȿؼ͸㣬㽫͸ҽ֮ȫˣôͻôһˡ
ԸһȻֶǧסû֮ǰòҪʹҪ鷳㽫ȲѵʩչĳЩֶΣұ˷ˣôҲһҪ˵ɺϣûжеؼҪ˵ҸЩ𣿡
ѬסŮ۽ǣһ˿⣬·´½һ
һĻʱףԼĶƺûʲô塣
ΪŮӵгԽͬ˵ǻۺͽƻŽչ󣬾ԼҲװʶġ
ҲãԹһЩա
ԳЦЦֶŮ˵һ䣺ϣ´ټ㣬ҹĿ࿴
˵һ䣬صʧˡ
ʧ֮ǸСŮʱ¶ЦݵѬˣѵǸҲܵõָ㣬δҵǰ;
һ˵ţһҡͷԵȥ

ңһլԺ
˼Ȼסĵط
ΪȻϲ֣ǽ죬У԰Ĵ棬Ϣȴء
Ϊ֮ǰһħ壬Ǵһλ֣ںͼȻ̸ʲô顣Ȼʲô飬ôͲҵļͥˣ˽ˡ
Ȼ֣ڵ̫ħӣһħȵ꣬һߺ裬һصĵ
ǰȻЦһ
ΪԼع壬Լ˵츳üʱ֮ڿʢħ忿£ԼʱѸԷ˺Э飬˼δչߵĸȡ
ĳ룬ǰӢڵĺʽħ֮󣬲ħˮҲʮֵ΢һСģͿٲĴΪԼʦȶ£ڹ棬ħʦżġ
˾ħ壬һλ޷ȶħĵȨ
յϰߣȥμĻ顣£Ȼһϵеķ⽻ɭֵʹߣĳֹʶƺҪһκռܵ۹Ȿһ¡
еȴе㲻Ŀ档
ôΪһȻȻϣܶԼſһ㣬ڻϣħ弤
ϾǺûлԼҪĽܵ˹µ⣬Ūеͷ
ڻؼҵʱԼĴӺӢǰԼۡ
ôһۣףʵħ̵ĸ壬ڶܵ۹ʹޣѾ棬Ϊ˫Ѫծ̫̫ˡħĳԱһлᣬöܵ۹ٲ֮صĻᣬͻƴϲ䡣
ҲΪʲôЩħ壬᲻һ֧һεĺ
ͬʱӢȻһȽҪ顣ǾϹµ壬ѾˡΪѾ꣬Σץ붫ܵ۹ļܹ˵ŰƴȣԼɲΪѾ޷һˡ
Ҫˣ
һôħһΣ档Ϲ£һҪԼĺԼԼĽӰˣͬʱҲҪǣԼĹңһֱȥ
һϵеЩǱ̳йְλˣܵһЩˣʣµʱ䣬ǵ
һ棬Ǽнɭֵĺܵ۹İͷˣԴﵽкͺȶĵز֮ħʹ˸
Ӣڵĺϼ壬ȻҲǹ˵ص֮һ
壬˿ڱȽ٣ҲȽһļ塣Ŀǰŵһħ壬ǺҵĶͷ֮һһԷλôǺңҪܵѪϴȻڵļ壬ȻҲ޷⡣
ˣȲ˵ǸˣϾϱ£һʱɻɿδʱ棬һ¼ķչӢԼĿЦȻصĵһʵһ£Ҫһ¡
ʲô飬ҪȻĵ
ڱǺӡӢʩչһħϣȻСĵ
ӣȻվ
ӱǺӡӢͷȻȻ֮ǰǺӳϢһݽ£ͽÿһħ峤żȥЭҹ֮ǰЭ̡
峤ҲȥˣȻ
ţǼǿսȻʸȥӢ˼һ£Ȼʱ˵һҪ֣һĴһɱӱǺӡ
ɰɣȻҡҡͷǺҲɵӣôһε֮һεأ
Ҳãһϵǵ峤Ľ֮ҲףǱǺھҲҪӢĵһΣħҪһȻ󷨣ʥһɱǺӡ
ˣֲϱ£ʹߣľ壬ءȻȻΪɽϣһȱʥ
𣿡
Ȼڴ֮۵ˣûע⵽ǵͷϷһ۵顣


436 תʥ
Ȼ
뿴ȻȻȥ棬̽һǣôǺӵġ
ĳ룬ûȥʹȻ˽ħĲá
˵һ£ʡȥ̽ˡϾ棬ֵʮֶģˣҲ˿׵Ľ沼õ󷨣һǿвͿܱ֡
Σգֿ˰ҵңǺеġ
ȻͺӢĿյһηȥ
һ뿪ֱǰ˾塣
ȻħڲˣôһбǺϲĶ򱱹ǺôˣҲܣɵıջϵ
ϾһϷ壬Ĵ˵ҲʮֵĶࡣ
һ˵Ĵۡ˵ɭ֣޵ʥ壬ɭܱߣɫһʥء
˵Ǹɭֵʮֶ࣬ʥǿҲΪˣɭֳſԺԿôꡣ
Ĵ۵Ȼɭֵע⡣ǲϣĵͳһϾĴһһͳһ˴½ôɭ֣һ¡һƲߣʮλʥλʥֲʥҪһɱĴۡ
ĴǺεܱơ
Ĵ֪Էļƻ֮󣬾һƾͼƣȥնԷϵȻһ֣ǵע
󷨵һ̣ʥˡضΪ֮ɫڴΪĴ޷ʱȴʥ棬ֶͨΣ֮еۣһɱ
ҲΪˣһ˺ɱʮͷʥͷʥѾĴ۵ļˡ֮ĴҲûʾԼΪʵ첡ġһʧȥ죬ôľӣȻҲ޷ƽɭ֡
ΪˣŸɭһǿָ
˵ɭΨһʥܾܿǴĸʱһʥ֮һʵŻ˵Ŀֲ
ȻһжĲ²⣬ܵ档
壬ϸۿһΧľɫɽˮ㣬ȴûһ˿һϢ
֮ϣżɹôۣôԸɣھϣɴ˿ɼ˵صɷôŨ
۲һᣬ˵صĵΣипѵĵʮλʥλʥõ󷨣ÿһһ۽ᾧ塣Ȼ꣬ЩѾʧȥ˹Ч󲻸ҿ
󷨣ĳĻôԱǺڵʵ޷ӳ졣ɭֺħһºˡ
ﵽʲôñǺȤĶأ
Ͼ֪ǺӼ̳Ĵ۵һִУӵеĶԱһҪĶࡣ
ȥʥ侳ΪĶҲ޷
˵ӦòȱʲôĲŶԡ
˼ʱһȺǿޣӾһߣһ߶߶
ߣһ壬ǿ壬治Ϸ壬Ϊʲô
ǣЩ޴࣬ûʲô£ϵ⣬ͦģֵô
ɣ⣬ǲʣżԳԻǱȽʵġ
һΣħ࣬ʥ̸ˣֻҪǣȥɱǸӱǺӣǹԲˡ
˵˵ЩǲɵӣȻԼ˴Լˣѵ֪߲Ҫֻ֣ſԼĲǿ𣿡
ң˵Щ֩һ壬ҲϲԼĲ𣿡
ǲһڲһַô޴Ϊ
ˣ˵ǸӱǺӣǰ𣿡
ڼǰħ̵ļУһʥĺλáǸ˵ʮֵ󣬾ʥ˿֮󣬶ǳĶǰڶԷǿ󣬶˫ں£ʥ˶Զ֣Ǽ档ǸӱǺӣ֪Ļһǰġ
뿴ǵʲô
ֳǸ۵֮һ濴֮һξʱ߹ңǸƺһҩʲôתʥ
֣ʮֵˣϧֱЩආûʲôԵ֡ˣ첻˵ħ࣬Ҫǰӵôʱˣûħǰӣ
˵Ҳ֣Ǹħˣ治֪ôģȻҪǵʥɱǺǸ࣬ѵǲ֪ʥ𣿡
أԸôôǰԼͷ͵ˡ
Ҳǣߣȥһ·ڣȥЩൽûе

һȺȥصĳ֡
ӸղǵĶԻ棬ĵһǳõϢǾǴ˵Ǻӵıܿöתʥ
ļ棬˵ֵҩ
Ĵ֮ǰ½֮½֧ʱһŵʦڽĴ½֮ÿһնҪع֮½
Ǳŵˣְֻ취Իع֮½ҪôʥҪôͷšͷţôҪǧ꣬Ǹʱˡֻʥֻлᣬ˳֮½
֮½ϣ绮ֵĸϸ
гʥָʥ侳ڣʥ侳ڡʱʦֻ侳ˮ׼
˵Ҫع飬ôܡ
ܴøҩҩԣѧһķڷڼ䣬ͳϢʱѰҸҩһöһ˲ʥĵҩ
һһ꣬һת۾ǰ˰ꡣ
ûҵ˳ʥҩƷһٶɹöҩ
öҩǴ˵еľתʥһöǸƵҩ˷ãһͻʥ侳ʥ侳ڣӶ뿪Ĵ½ʣµһö˵ʱ򣬷ɢ˳ݣҲ˼ʥ侳һˮ׼ʦ
ˣ˲Ϊʥ侳ʦĵҩô˷񣬱ϾҩиãһҲ޷ٴͻơ
ʵˣΪǸתʥûиãһԸıһ˵ʺ츳˵ǸƵҩˣص֮½ֻ֮˰ʱ䣬ͻʥ侳Ϊһǿˡ
صĴ½ҪѰһЩҩһöתʥûҵͲǺˣΪڶ뿪Ĵ½֮󣬾ͷĴ½ĶңĴ½Ǩʼ뿪֮½һĴ½
룬תʥϢ˵һĵ飬Լ̷ܽȥôȻԳʥҳԽˡ
һ뵽Уʱĺɡ
Ȼʱϳһ⣬ʮʦŲ齣һ䣬ߵȺߣǾǸѲصޣ
ħǵˣ޿һʵ
¶ˣǾͿԽнӣȻ󻻰ˡħʦһۣ֮г˲мȻħɭֺ˿ܸı䣬ǿ޵
Ǻá޵ͷţݸʦһƣȻſĶ˵һͬ漴ת뿪ˡ
ȥıӰһħʦصĵȺ޵ӣͦģǽǾ壬Ҳûʲô뷨
ߣȺ޴ޣȻĿصġͷħʦһĵǺܺ񣬿ɵӣʵǱ˭ϣڿͬŵķϣǣʥɱӱǺӣʵ棬ҲϣܽħʵҪ֪һ鴫ȥ°վͻħˡ
Ūȷʵе㲻صҲǱƲѣԲѡġһߵʦվȷʵҲ⡣ʵĵǶԷ᲻ʥҲһ벶ȸںǺͱǺӾսʱ򣬽ҲϣôͿˡ
ҲҪģϾǲŵġһʦվĵͷҲõģϾ뵽⣬ôҲһ뵽һ᲼úֵģֻҪչµķԸȥˡ
Ҳԣǻ̽ޣȫƿ۲Ŷԡһħʦ̰ߵʱĵͼжܿҵ˴˵ۣȻ˲á
ǽвõͬʱҲۡ
۲һᣬһŵ˽⣬֮壬һʧڵλá
Ϊһˣֱ׷ȥ
ĵùӺôҲǰ׼һ䣬ƿزСȨδǰ;ģΪһСͱ䵽˾۵Ŀ£ǵĿӵ
ҲͻƵ侳죬ôöãʱҲȥ帣ˡ
˾Ȼǲ֮ǰѵһٵİ׵¡
ڵİ׵£ѾûյĲһӣòٵˡ
ҵǸСӣҲ֪ʶһôǿˣȻԽΪ˵ĸ߶ȣҶСӡ
׵һŭţȴûע⵽ԼߣȻһˡȻϢ׵µȻһƽĵߣǲں˵˵ġΪ˵ɱֵģֻŬԼΪȻɱˣѵѡ񷽰ȻһûǣŬˣ㱻̭Ҳ˳Ӧˡ
˭ĸ˵ѵң׵ºܷŭתȥǵվԼˣȻʱ򣬶ʱһ԰ףոŵӣ˲һȥ
㡭㣬ô׵²ѯһ䣬ɴ˿ɼһΣһɱԼ˾֡
Ȼ˵Ҫﲼ󷨣ɱǺӣԲ￴ġ룬ȻҿҲ̫ˡĵͷȻŰ׵µΪȻСãôһǸ۵֮һɣ
ţ׵Ҫҡͷ߾ܾشѯʣոҪôͱĺĿŻסˣıԭʼĳԡ
Ȼˣôһ֪еۣڷʲôλãʲô˸ذɣЦЦĿŰ׵£һĵ
֪֪׵ĵ
Ȼˣô鷳һ£֪ۣһȻһ˵ҿ˽⣬ÿһ۶ʲôطرǴžתʥڵĵط𣿡˵Ȼƽڰ׵µĶ棬ȴɱ䡣

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437 ǺӵҰ
Ȼ֪ڵλãûóóȻȥ
ΪۣҲǿ׻ȥġɽأɽ֮λãоžŰʮһأҲǾžŰʮһۡ
Ҫ֪µʥʮλʥ괫ǻۣĥմ۷󷨣̺󷨣̺İһ˿ġ
ǵ꾪ޣĴ½ţݷµĴۣ˾󷨣Ҳֻ̾Ȼ󷨣ȻɾƽˣΪĲ£һȺʥ侳ĸ֣ͬһ棬ͬ󷨣Ŵ漣˵ʱʥ󣬱Щ´󽫣ֵһֵɱ֮󣬲޷סĴ۵ġ
ҾˣҲλʥ侳Ĵ󽫣ԼĴۡ
˴ĴۣͿԿóʥôĿ¡ȻĿ󷨣ҲҪ֮˵ġ
󷨵ʥʥǼʮλ֮ࡣǲʹ󷨣ǺһĴ۵ϣôĴҲҪɱķݡ
ͬˣûʥҲûʥ侳ǿߡά󷨵ˣֻһȺǳСһʥ侳ǿߣܷӳɱһʥ侳ڵǿ߰ˡ
ȻǺӣҲֻһ侳۷ǿߣȻʵͨʥ侳һĸ֣ǱϾʥ侳
ڵľƣҲһƽľơ
һ⣬ǴҶص⡣ΪǺӵһӴ֧ţ֧Ŷ棬һʥ侳ǿ߱ۡôԿԸʥһ鷳
ҵʥûסĴۣôĴ۵ǻۣôȥˣôôûҵƽ󷨵İ취
ûа취ôҲһпԣʥ֮ܰȫİ취Ĵ۾ͲǸǿˡ
ҪǱǺӣûеõĴ۵洫ܻĴ۶ٵĴС
ܻȫУôǺӾͿ԰ǣǾҪˡȻһжǲ²⣬ϾĴѾʧôˡ𣬶û䣬ܴĶҲһʵҲڶģȻǻۺͼʶҲͨ˿ġ
᲻ʥϣʲô֣ӶﵽɱǺӵĵزⶼδ֪
ֻϧЩܵķ԰׵µݣ޷֪׵²֪ôˣûа취֪ˡ
һ֣һģûʲôĵط
֣ȴʮֵοڰ׵²ɫ£ֱӽڰ׵µϡ
һ̣׵¾͸оԼһţʲô˳Լ߽ԼԺ档
һ뷨׵ôһˡ
ȻʩչʲôֶΣԼԺˡ
ôʲôã
һ뵽⣬׵¾ͻɪɪΪԼѣôҲܸʲôô
ǸԼ棬Բʲô¡
㡭ʲô׵
ûʲôֻһСֶΡ΢Цİ׵µļһº͵ĵҲ֪˭һоģҪûйҪûзЧһôǾǿԴ˵棬Ӷﵽ˵ĿءһϲūΪµˣֻҪʲôƵ˾͵øʲô
׵˭ôһɵĻ
˲֪£һΪʮֵĸߣԼʶȻҲ١
ȻûмūΪūѾʧˡķһЩūūݱɵƿط²ƿһЩ˵ﵽԼĿأǸúԣһʵ֣ūͻԱ
ڱԼԺūڴ˵֮У棬͵ڲһǵҪʱͻЧ˵һصķûʲôã԰˳ɳҲɳ
㽫ūΪԼˣôҲ޷ԺƳȥɴ˿ɼַôĿ¡
˵ˣԼ޵棬ƹһٶλţһӴĵ۹ҲǵһͳһĴ½ˡ
ֻϧķеͬ½֮󲻾ãͱʱĴ½ˣ֮½ȨǷֱ֣ɱˡ
ūҲˡ֮ūϾʧˡżҲöūʵϾûƲʲôˡ
ĳ֮ūһγ֣ȻԼϡ
ܵ飬׵µı飬˲뱯ʹ֮ڣûʲô취Ϊ޷ƽūֻܵū
ˣһ侳֣ū
ʵǱȽ۵ģϾūҲҲֻǵõʮöˣʹһöһö
Ҫʥ棬ôͱһ֣׵¾һֻ֡Ҫ׵ڣôһʥ棬ʲô⣬ҲԴݲȵӳ졣
෴ûа׵öӣôҪݲȵ뿪Ҫһ鷳ˡ
ǳĿǣŽķڰ׵µϣһŵϡ
ʵؼǰ׵µ츳Ѿˡܽ侳ϣѾʮֵãˣ²ʮ֮һ
ˣ󷨣ʲô飬һᵥϵġʲôҪʱôҲ棬ҵ֣סҵֽ
һ䣬壬ӿ֮С
ʧ׵¾һ԰׵ģӴ֮˹Ȼ½֮ϣֻһ˽ӵôߵΪǾɽһʥ侳֣յĴ
յ񻰡
ڱǺӺ֮ǰôûĶ֣û˵츳Ժͬһ磬ǺҪսʤҲһѶȵģΪս츳Զͬһʦ
µҲдˣڱǺ֮ǰ̽ܵأõ˲ٱ
ҲΪˣıģȥսĴµżɥġ
֮ӱǺӲðͷһʰҪ֪ɥʱ򣬱ǺѾʮ꣬侳Ϊһǿߡɾһǿߣȴڵʱðͷɴ˿ɼڵʱʦ˶ôӰ졣
ܶ˶ҥǱǺӸӣıɱ䡣򱱹Ǻӣʥ侳Բġ
ǲôˣûվЩҥԡôֻܵҥԣܵˡ
ΣԼⶼһ𾪵Ϣ
ΪյɽŴϣյĴ½һ֣պûĴ۵ż棬ǷϻͯˣոᣬΪҲɲ⣬ͨ˿ġ
һϢݳȥôԻܴķ죬𾪵ġϧϢôܴݳȥأ
Ҫ֪ԼԺ棬һūڡһԼ˵ȥô̾ͻᱻɵ
ҾԼ˵ū£ԼҲ޷˵ڣûκε塣
̾Ϣһ׵¾ԼֻˣͣȥԼۣȫûмˡ
һһʵļලɵġ
ڿĵһɲǣŷĵ뿪ۡΪ֪ūʵһ㣬ǾԼֱԱĻôǧ֮ĻҲ޷ġ
Ͼ̫Զ񲨶Ҳ޷ʱٿء
Ǽ׵˵ô֪ԷѾԼƿ֮ˣԼȫûѹȥѰۣȥѰǸתʥˡ
£飬ñȽ죬ƶҲѸ˲٣Խļۣܿˡ
ÿһۣڱܿʱϸ۲һ£˽˵ص󷨲ٿ֮˺󣬲ǰһۡ
ôһͨ۲˽⣬ſԲ²⵽һħȷʵرΪ壬žŰʮһ档
ʮۣ侳ĸ֣ٿأʮλ侳һЭ
ʣµۣ϶侳߰ĸ֣ȻûЭǸ˵սҲʮ־ˡ
޴ıͲٿأôħžһսﲼ󷨣ҪһٻɱǺӡ
Ǻأ
ô׼ô취㿪Է󷨻ɱ˳ĽۣԼҪĶأ
һ޴ʣûʱȥסֻһһתܿǰڵĵطΪҪ˭ڿء

֮⣬һ֪ɽ档
һ׷ıǺӣɽ棬Ǻӣ鵭ĵһ֮ұǺӾͿʽʥ侳׳ԽΪǿʦ׷ϴ۶ȥˡ
ǸʱɳˣūҲˡһɫӰӣŴʱշ϶˳Ȼ󹧹ĳűǺһڡ
˿һĻô˲Ϳϵó˾ɽţĿǰɽ֮Ĵʥ侳֮һǺӵĸױۡ
һĻȻеţΪۣбǺ
Ϊ
ǺƲһ±ۣȻһ͵ĵĳɾͣҷֵ길ףɽţһ⡣㲻ȥɽţһôҲô죬ӵĳƺţյõһĻᡣ
ǶˣΪȡĻᣬūȡġ̾Ϣһ£Ǳ˿ûжʮֹ
ҲԴǵ̸棬õһ𾪵Ϣ
ǾǱۣܿܲǱǺӵĸףһصıˡ壬һʥ侳ľǿߣȻ⡣
ˣӦúҰģǰڰвòӡ۾ǲ֮£ܷɽţܵķչһֱ񣬱ǺӳΪֹ
ϢҪǴݳȥ˿š
ȻͬģҲ޷ȥģΪɽ棬һֻˣһǱǺӣһǱۡ
ʲôʱȥ壿ʵ
ˣڹ죬Ҽ߹֮Ҿǰ塣ǺңָȺǣȻĵĵʱڸʱ䣬ұȻԽĴ½ͳ֮Уؽ۵ĻԻ͡
ǸʱҽΪ½ϳɾͣڴ۵ĴڡǺӵһ¥㽵ɫȻҸôͿ˾ӶλҡֱϾ֮ϣѰҴһ۵ѧϰ˼ҵĵã֮½콾ɱ֮½ɴ۵Ը


438 һʥū
ˣǵ̸ۣôһ𾪡
ϾĴ½ԼĴ۵Ĵ˵ѾǼĹ¡ǺӾȻҪɣĴδ飬ôֻ뷨һˣһǳţ츳ȫԳԽĴۡ
һ֣ȻǲܵģΪǺӺܴ״̬ҲȫûѹôֻеڶֿˣȻǺӵ츳ĿǰûбĴǿ̫ࡣܵ˵ѾԶͬһˣֻһЩͿ׷Ĵˡ
ʱ̨ͬͬͳҲֻͬƽϵ飬ǵδеǷǵġ
ͺת֮ûκθ֮£üʱ䣬ʥ侳ĹؿλáǱĴҪǺӸҲϲϡҪ֪۵ľ飬ڼںдͭƬô׷ġ
һ㣬ͻᷢϻֻ֮ͯǻصʮ߰ʱǸոն£ողʱ
Եٶȣʶɾͣȫǲ׼ȷġϾڳɳĹ֮У̫̫Ĳȶء
ǺӺţȴüͷ塣
ΪǱǺϵףΪǱūͣԾΪȱǺӸߣôλҲ뱱ǺӣеһЩҲ˵
Ծе㵣ǣôҲֻԼĶ棬޷˵
ǼôûѵҪ췴ɣǺ˵仰ʱɫĿ£һħ˿µɱ
磬ϵĴһ£˻ɪɪƤ
۵ͷе㲻ĵ̫ˣٻȻҲҳٵֱ
ǲȻڱǣ
ĻǾȽԶʱַһЩ飬ԲųٵһСᡣĳЩˣһߣȴһôҲûУûɽţֱ
ˣϢŭҲȲѵġ
Уūôҵ飬گһɲǣǽһ֮е飬뿪ɣٶȸˡ
һ䣬ڱǺӵߣ˲ĸˡ
ĸ˵ĳ֣ʱıΧصγһ޴ķ籩ϵѹեżŪΧԪңִңһЩҪıը졣
˵ϣеĺۼ˫Ŀ⣬Ҳеӡ
Ȼ·Ϸ飬ܾܿˣΪĳЩԭԱһսյһЩʱˡ飬ǺҲܣֻҪǱԼ飬ôҪôŪôŪˡ
ƨԪ飬ɪ䣬£ĸ쵰Ϸ򡣡۳һԼĺ룬˶ӣԴ˱ʾԼĲ
ű۵ӣԪĸˣʱ˻һʾȻܲԸ
ˣǵ񼸴ɵˣֶұӵܣθڱǰڧѵɣǺӲıһ
ūҡڵˣ׷׵¸߹ͷ­ʾԼҡ
ȻһĻǱȽϹģΪڳļ֮У˱ǺɽŵŵӣʵȨ֮⡣˵ĵλݣʮֵĸ߹
ɽŵϣȻϸ˵ˡԪ˵ͷҲʮֵľˣϤɵˣվ￴һĻôԻᾪȵķ֣ԪȻǽŵĵţųƽӵҲ
Ԫλ˳ߣҲѷɫбɪʵݣǵȪŵʹŵһ£ǶɵţһΪ˿ĸˣҲʥ侳ĸ֣һŮӡ
ˣһ۷׼һ֣ʥ侳ڵľ֡ǶǳһҵˣϢ˴ݳȥԿ½˶սľ
һǿļ壬¾ǼӣҲòͷۡ
Ȼһܣ²Ҫʱ̣Ҫʱôǲᱻ˽ҷġ
ϾǵݳߣǲԾһУϾǵ棬һЩ̫ϳϻţЩ̫ϳϣΪУӰսԲʥ侳ǿߡ
ڵȣڵȱǺ׼õʱڱһ½ôʥ侳ˣҲѹֱǺӾԼͻʥ侳֮ʱ½
һʦûʱ棬ӵλʥ侳ǿߣôɨ½ȫûѹ
Ͼܻ͹̣óһʥ侳ǿߣٶòôȫԱѹեʽĸɵ
ûʥ侳ǿߣʣµˣȫû˿ǵһ֮УֻҪǷԼı죬ôͿɱκһжԵĽ죬һܵ۹ͿԶ¶ܵ۹̫ˡ
ֻϧ׼ʱ򣬴½˶ңɭ½½ħƾճ֣ΪһıڼϱǺӳٳûͻƵʥ侳һֱ̣͵һ̡
ʱħЩȻþתʥȱǺȥⲻ֪λʥ侳£Կƽʥ󣬽Ǻ֤ݳϾʥѾ˥ֻܶԸʥ侳ʦһֻܶԸһˣ޷Ըˣô͸ǵĻᡣ
һˣôʲôסҪʲôͿӵʲô
ˣұɣ
ǺӲĺһ䣬Ȼĵҽﶼ˰ɣ
ﶼס
ţȺ޴壬Լħ֪ǱͲǿǣǶ˾תʥԼô޴ˡ
˵Ӧôɣ
ǰ˹ʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ˣһΪأҪǸʲôǾ͸ʲôûж
ôĶȸ˵˵Ҳһ㡣
̫ѨǺɫعƽֻʥ󣬾һɱʵܷӳôЩһȥҲ޷ƿĴʱһʥ˶һоڼʥھ֮ϣȴ޷ŲԼı󷨵İźͲãԾôı仯ʥѾ߳ɡʣµĳɱڴ˵ÿһλ
ֻҪϸİգµĵ伮ȥţԿԱܿʥɱ󣬴Ӷӳ졣
ǺӵЦЦȻƾ۳һͼͼȻǾС档ͼϣɫ㣬һһġ
Щ㣬ʥÿһڵλãһҪʱߴ·ߣǷ֣Ӷ˵ļƻʧܡǺ˵һ仰ʱ򣬱أɴ˿ɼµҪԡ
ʵūһ²ףȻĴ֪ʥĿ£Ϊʲôûôʷ棬ƻʥأһĵҼȻоϵĵͼ֪ڵλãôΪʲôЩۣһİγӶﵽķأ
һ۱䣬Ǻ̾Ϣһ浱갮ţֲĴݻһɱҪϸооΪ⣬ڼ֮½ңԸûʱȥоǼļ峤Ҫݻٵ壬ѾʱΪɭֿµǿػû˿Կ壬һΪһأһֱ񡣡
۵⣬ѧϰʱҲʹҵʦҵʦҲĴ۵һܡǾһ󷢶ôû˿Դⲿݻʥۣʥ侳Ҳܡ
ʲô޷ƻĻôֻܴƻ˺ܶΣҿǱȥˣū˽ȥѰҾתʥˡ۾ĵһۣŵĵ
Ҳ룬ҲȥĻôܼᶨתʥ٣мԸ޷ϳ
Ǻӵı飬©ɫֻҪȥô塣ҲȥĻǸҲȥɱҾ;޷ġ飬ͲҪóˡ
Ҫǰ壬Ǳһ棬滻Է۵Ŀء
ǺóͼֱݸˣȻĵͼһ㣬һ۵λãڿ֮ЭԷһôԽˣʱ̻ھλõۣҳӣͺ俪һͨʱѾõ˾תʥҸϵطôͿ˳ˡ
ֻҪһ뿪ô󷨾ʧȥ˵ˡ棬ȴ󷨱Ƶĺ֢ȻҪʧأء£ȫһɱһٽȫڴ˵ءһǵĸ󻼣һδͳһ֮·ͻࡣ
Ӣ
ôϸļƲߣôūģƯƯһεǰĳЩ˲ūĺȡ
ˣ˵˭أ
ߣǼ棬Ϊһ˰ɣʲôʸվװͷ⡣
ˣǶұ졣ǺӽüͷȻ̫ԼĲ£ڲϵ;ס
ÿһ˶ĵ£Ҫıһ£ʱҲ޷ֻ̾ϢһˣǵʥݣԼڵ⣬ɵ
ūǵˣݣɲ岻Ƕһ²⣬ǲ¶ۡ
ʲô²⣿Ǻӿ
Ǽֺƭµż֮УҪһɱȴΪһ⣬ӳ졣ʧٵĵһγֵĵطһǧأʮֽΪһʾˣǲ²⣬ֵ˲ţһֱڰֱԼ֮󣬲ŽųɽţΪԼ𡣡
Ҳ˵кܴĹϵˣǺĵ
аٷ֮ʮĿܡۻ
أǺӼʵ
٣ʱûа취ҵһΣʧٵʱ߹˵Ҫȥ֮½λսĵطͳʧˡūһ²⣬ܿվ֮ԼԶĶ֣ǰܣչӣȴΪ׷ʱ³𡣡һε
ˣôҲҶôˡǺЦһһʦûһǰƣ޷սʤԼĶ֡ѡӱܣôѾʧȥ˺Ҿᡣ
ڿʼѾҵĶˣԺĻֱӽɱգҶˡ
Ǻ˵һ֣漴ƮƮȥˡ


439 
ˣҪǸʲô
˵Ҳԣλʵ̫ˡ
·ȫһֱ֮𡣡
˵Щľɽ汱һӣͷҲֻǼūˡ

Ǻˣۼȴûߡ
ǼˣϲͣʵĻǱȽŽġϾǶǴһ߳ˣĳЩǴСһ߳ķСڼĸȻ˵ֻǼҽǼūֵõ˱ȫΪʱ򣬻Բ̫⡣
ǵʥ侳Ϊ𼶱ĸ֣ôͲòˡ
Ͼûгɳ֮ìܣŷƿءյˣҰһѾƯƯȥ֪ڵĵطˡ
ڣҲαװΪ˵ΪԶǻҪߣȫǵΪǺҲһ
һ̾Ϣȴʱʵûһɣ
ʲôɣæʵ
ǱᶨӵйʣǺӵʱ򣬶һƿȪˮ俴һΧСĵ
ȪˮҼǵá
ţȷʵȹһȪˮȪˮζܺãҿ飬һϼѵȪˮֻϧ֮ҲûƷ
Ȫˮ峺ûһ˿һ֪ΪʲôҪ
ǰʱ˵ȪˮôʲôĿأҪ˵ʲô
ߣһȺϼ޻ļһǵĴǣôܲ²е壬ֻ˵ˣȻǲ˵ôϷԼ˵ߣе㲻ĿһԼͬ飬ȻСĵһ飬ͨǱ飬ҷԶʱڵĴ½һصȪˮ֮󣬿ڶԷ棬һصӡӣӰķչӰϰԣͷ·˯һǵˣһҪõʱѣȻΪϣ˲佫ʳһɶջһ
ӣϸ֪İ취ô֪ǷԼ档ôͿһطԼĻ꣬ӵλͶŽȥȻһĹ۲죬ͿԷֵһ˿ϸ΢ı仯ɫڲͬǾӳ˯ĵطλſȥ
Ļ˵꣬ڿ˵ɫҪʲôʾȻˣ鶼ܵ˿ĶҲûУ·Щ飬һϵҲûһ
󱱹ȻˣڳЩ棬µ츳ˣĳصӣһ˸ŵλãȨͨ죬ӣܵõ鱨ȻԼ١
ۣȻɽŵĴϣϣѾƿɽŰٷ֮߰ʮȨʱڱǺӵߣôҲԽܡ
ˣ϶ɵ䣬Լ棬йȪˮܣôҲԡ
ȻĹע£ҵɫеȻʵҲҴôԵڣǿܡ
һ⿪ôһС⣬Ͼʥ侳Ķ֣û˭Ը⽫ƿڱ˵С
˵ЩˣΪǶȵȪˮˡڹȥϰ棬γԽԼƳȥԾ޼£ԡ
ǰãһβԣյĽʧܡǵΪ޷λɴ˿ɼصӣҪİ취ſϳȥӰķչ֪ôͲˡ
ң֪ˣôҲûʲôˡǽŵļءصӣӦɹӡɹӣϹʱڵӵ컯֮һõ߷ôͿľԪγһһŹʵɹһɹǷˣҲ̳Ϊʥ侳ĸ֡ʥ侳ĸ٣ɹλдλ
ǻȪŵļ棬һֵļءļأһɹ䵽Ĵ۱µ棬Ӵɢ֮Ĵóɹ͸һЩĲ£սΪʦҲһʱ˵ЩĲ£󶼸һ뿪ˡ
ȦȦˣȻҶ֪ô˵ɣȻһҪĹӣǾǸ塣ҪǣǿԺúõĻţΪЧ͡һҪǵʱôֻҪٿڵӣǾͻᱻɹʳһɶΪһѷΪɹķϣΪɹӪ

˼ĬˣΪһۣǺʧΪ˱壬ΪǧҵһӣһǵĽȴһһ޴Ĵ
ô죬޷ڵӣȫϳȥôֻǴӣȴǺҪʱ򣬽ǻɷյһɶ
£۵˲еǷϡǻͷʾһ¶ԷȻҴҵȥˡ
ȥãǺӵӰ³ɽ棬վˡŹȥһСʱҵӣӣԶ
ΣǺӿűʵ
ѾķԸһ̽Ҳ²һǶ֪Ȫˮ飬֪ɹ飬ҲԹڵɹӱƳȥֻʧˣĿǰֻˣūǵΪߵ£ᷢɹӵܣȻƳԼ塣ԭǺĵǱϵۡǱ䣬Ĳµˣɴ˿ɼǺ˵ǻۣôڲͬ
֪ҲãףԼƿҵ棬ôҲͣһ㡣ǵĸԣֻǼ򵥵ôԲ⣬ɱ˾һ˰ˡֻǿϧɹӣΪ棬Ҫһʥ侳ӪſԷѿΪ֮ǰֻҪı棬ôҾ;ԭǣɱǺӵıеɲ⣬˵仰ʱȴҲñһ㶡
ʱ򣬽ɹӰأ߸Լʲô˼
ɻ󣬲ɻ˿־壬Ӷɪɪ
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ǺӻһȻ͸䡣
һǵı䣬һҲȷʵȽĶϾôֵ꣬õôıǿʥ侳һˮ׼ʣôʥ侳죬ллˣο֮λأ
˱ǺӵĿ϶ôĿꡣֻҪɹôͲҲԴﵽ֮λˣһ뵽ͻɾ
ˣڿԷĵǰˣסǧҪ¶ţñ֪ҵĸ߹ǺӴЦȻıļʾԼĹ֧֡
ллĿ϶
̻һ⣬ǰ˾塣
֮󣬱Ǻ򲨶һԼȻ鵭ĵһֻҲΪ𣬼ֱǳ롣
ˣɹеٰ
մ۵ļأһɹֻһ𡣵Ѿˣʮλˡȫôе鷳
һһһа취סɹġ
ñ䣬֪ĵˣûԼһµĻһŭաֻϧѾȥ֪Ǻӵ뷨
ţȥõĹȥһ¾߹ڸʲô
ôҲڶĻʺѡôܾô¾תʥ֮󣬱ٽɵǲĺˣֻͽܣֻҪԼԸ⣬ôһɱûʱ˶ܣô߹ңܸ˭
ǺӵĿ⿴һ۾Ȼ廯һ񣬿ٵķ򾩶

ɽȷ飬ûκһ֪
ҴңԼ飬Ҳȥ̽
رѾ谭˳˾ķ嶥λãѾԺܺõĹ۲죬ľɫ£һۣԼ棬Щ󷨵ˣһѡߵʱߵ·ߡ
ϾЩ棬еΪߣеΪ͡
뿪ʱһΪߵˣ޷ԼĽŲȴԵԼƶ˻۹һʱ䡣
뽫Щһɱ˼סٽЩһɱ˼Ȼڽһű࣬ȷԼ·ߣųװݡ
ھϵĹǳãԺܴݵĽһпԼҪ˽飬ȫ˽á
Щ֮Ŀٵ۵λá
ʱħĹֻħ̵νû壬ǿյġ
յۣǱĺʱ
ȻȻۣôûлٻôȻжı¡ʲôˣľ֣ȫӣκһֱչǰķ·磬һɡ
ܿ죬ԭʮȹ̵Ľ磬ͳһӣ˲˽ȥĽ档
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¥ûκεľģҲûκһʯͷΪÿһģǹͷǣҲ˹ǡ
ܵ˵һͷɭֲ˹Ϣһ侳ǿߣطΣˣֱȥɴ˿ɼɭֲĹжôŹֵ
վڹΧ˵ĸоôҪǽأ
صĿһ۹ȻȫĵĽ䱸Ż̤档
ڽһ˲䣬ܵˣΧһӴ棬ɱɷӰǡ
˵ˣôȻᱻӰ졣κһϢûá
ĵģһ˲ʩչΧյһɶȻǰȥ
ħǴ½ϣԪ
Ԫħ۳ġʱħֻһҲ
ֻʱҪԪѾеˡħ٣Ǵ½ƺȱĳֶ
ȻȱʲôʱҲ֪һ²⣬ǾǺ⣬Щ֮½йϵҪ⿪յףô뿪Ĵ½ȥʱ˽⡣
һǰȥʱԺ棬ȻһʹһСӣҪ۵𣿡


440 ֮
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²ӦŶԡ
˵ԼСӡҲǣȥϾƿ֮µĵ̣ôֵˣȻˡ
ԼոսԷܸоԼĴڡ
ô˵ޣʵӦò첻
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һ֮ǾǰһߡѰһᣬͷһţȻС˽ȥ
ڹĺ֮أ棬ʮüӡЩüӣһɢŽɫĹâ֪ǰһǳǿĹͷҲǧ˪ࡣ
ɫͷʥ侳ǿߡ
ѵЩͷˣʥնɱĴʧܵʥ
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ΪйĴ۵Ĵ棬Ǵ½Ǵ湧͵Ĺ£еĵطרѧϰĴ۵Ĺ¡
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ΪʲôĴȥô꣬úĴ۸ĻվȺ֮дһӣԸǰȥƴ
Ĵ۵ҲΪĴ۵ԲŻǣסһһ°ܽ
ϣʮλ޴ʥ꣬ϲ۵һ顣ΪʮʥûɱĴۣûɱǵż
ʮʥһʧܵķɽɫĴ
йŹ֣
˼һ£ֻǼ򵥵Ĺô⡣ǹ棬ȻĹǺЩǺԶһʥˣô˭ԸǣȥôΪʲôû˽ȡߣ
رһʥʱʥĲϣٵĿ¡ôǣΪʲôҪЩأ
ԣаءǾʲôأʱҲ벻ͨǸ˵Դʱûз֡۲ϣܴӹ棬ѰҳһЩء
һȦҡҡͷ
һȦҡҡͷ
ôܶʼʮȦ֮ͣ½Ų˼֮СʱʮʥǺȻɢһŹԣȻһ𣬱һ˶ɫԲ򣬲ҴСӣɿʲôء
ǿһء
ͷָǸɫԲֻһֲ²⣬ǵֵʱ˲ҿԿ϶еĲ²⡣
֮УĴߡɫԲˬʵĴЦȻƯڿת˼Ȧô˵˵ôһ£
ڿңһ£˵һ˵Ҳûʲô󰭣ǵļ棬սĴ۴ʤǵҿʱҾ;ãʵܲഫԴͽ
ŶôΪģɫԲ
ӵʱľ׼꣬һִɱ󡣸ʷϼأʱʥֻУûбʩչʩչʥʥֶƴһսôȻܽʥ㹫ȥôҲ˵Ĵ۵Ϊͨ죬Ҳ޷ǰʥ󣬸ǲһԤ뵽ʥʲôȻԼĲ£ʥݲȵĸɵ
ĺܶԡɫԲƺܾȵĵ˵
ҵĲ²ôĴۣһʲô׼Ǿʲô׼ҾͲö֪ˡ׼ʥ֮󣬷һĹЧٱסʥոշʱҸһĴϢᣬѰ֮
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˵ĺܶԣǸСˣôͬھءɫԲ򳰷ЦЦȻ˵Ĳ²⡣
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һʵ࣬ʿɶֹ벻֪ķչɫԲƺ̸֪ܽķչˣӧҪһеİء
ͷǶι£ǱȽϸȤġ
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ҲΪʲôʥǵʬ͹Ǻɱڹ֮еԭ
һսôͬھǴʥǲҲװ׵ɥοϰλɭֵδᡣ
ǵɭֵľߣھĴ̸СΪɭ֣ȡһƽһʺϷչĵط
̸УȻһ³̡ɹĻôԺͣɹĻһվھϣȻվԵȨ
ĴҲˣ˫Ǣ̸ֻϧ޲թǸ֪Ĵ۸ûиǺ̸˼
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ʥҪһսɱĴ۵ĺľӢĴڵ󽫡
ǵļƻɹˣôδ࣬ɭֱȻҪƽˣΪҵʵ޼޷Ϊսˡ
ֻʥ󱬷ʱȴ谭ΪĴǰķַ˹ЧС󷨣ҪɱʥģĳԼĻᡣ
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ҲĴۣԴʧһΡ
ҲΪһεʧĴۻص֮󣬿ʼǺķչ½ѰҴ½֮ϸҩ񶦡
Ĵ֮ʥµľ壬ڴһ־Ե״̬¡Ҳ˵ûκһˣԽĴҲС
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ټԹȻܰԿǺӵġ
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˼һᣬܲշ
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Ϊħ۵֮һڶĽģ̫ءʵڹ඼һ壬棬ʲôĶС
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ˣǰ۵ģʲôλãҪڼᶨһ¾תʥǷ񱣴ã޷ȥ½
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һᣬʮʥüӣͻɫĹ㣬֮СЩüӵ棬ֳһƽ̨Ȼһڵĵط
ؼǣһ̨ӡ̨棬һСûпѾоһɳҩȻǾתʥ
Ҫ򿪼顣
ܣҪ֪תʥҵĶԱǺ֮ǹ½ҪĶ֮ҲŻſķӡ㽫תʥߡĽ飬ܾȡ
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Ҳá
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441 
󣬵õ˹Ͽɡ
ģΪǴݣֱܱӽҴ
ȻҲףĿǰȽΣգԷǷģǲʧȥ֮ġΪ飬Ͼͨ飬ԹɵġοʥĹͷ۳
ӱԴ˵ķôȻҲзԵġĳЩ棬Եģο֣עıġ
ҪǵȣıеıʲôȻڴ¼ƽϡ
һԵĹ飬ʩչһĻһʹ״̬鳷ߣ߳ȥǲᱻ˿ġ
Ļ֮󣬹鿴Ӱ˼࣬еڲͬԺƣ»һЩ鷳
òúǸͨһأ
ˣǲˣҲңôֺαȫȫȥأ
˼˼
ֻҶղ͡
ʱԶ˼ˡ⼸˶ħۣȻǾħĴ۵ˡ
Ⱥ֮УǸͷˣ֮һȻޱȹĵΰػߣͬˣħĴԽҰҮˣҵĲ£ʲôҪôȥɡ
ȻħĴǰʱѾõ֪̬ͨʮֵĹ
һԼ̬ɫӰ£࣬ΰĹ£һǿߡǵĲ£ףԸǣܸɵԼĵˣһΰĹȡ
лҲţĴǻۣһԸһﵽ˵еʥ򡣡Үһη֮ԡ
ʥǳԽĴڡ
Ĵ½ʷϣֹֻһʥһѴ󶦣˵Ĵ۴֮½ʥӵĪ֮ܣĴĴ½ӶĴ½ȶ
˴ţʥĴۣĵصףΪĴ½ĺģ֧½
ҲΪˣĴ½֮½֮⣬Ϊһ
Ĵ󶦣Ĵ½֮ϾҲûгֹʥɴ˿ɼʥôѲҮףعΪʥȻһƨĻ˺ڴ
һǸոճֿܵסջҮĻ̱֮ˬʵĴЦ֮ȻŰҮҲƾĸǣһ죬ﵽǹµ츳
лл͡Ү˵ʱ֮һ˿졣鲢ûпȴĻˡ
е㲻·ƺǱô򵥣Ĺ۲ˣΪĲͬôеڲͬ
Үһʲô֣
հ£հüͷһΪû˵½֮ϡ
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ڹİ£Ү˿ʼ½Ϥ˵صã۵ã
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ѵǲԼľ󷨣Ϊ˵֮
ʣҮˣƿۣȻɢܣĿ񣬵ȴǺӵ˵ĵ
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࣬һֵ޷ĥ͸ķ̾Ӵ棬ȫһȺƥְְֻԿ沫ɱػء
ҲΪˣɱĴ۵ļƻŻձɭ棬ЩߣΪԼ¹ͣԷԵ
ɭôҲкôġΪôһͿԴٽǲŬߣȻҪǿ󣬷ɱߡ
бףǴ⡣


һ߱չһ齻ȻǸ̥Ҳǲѡͨ飬֪˲ĶرһЩſĶ֮á
ľ磬ϵͻͻơ
һľ磬ͻƵʥ侳ôҲԲõĴʧȥЧ˵ĿǰǴﵽʥ侳죬õľ⣬ҲõľΪӶ±
죬ڸ
ʱһҡΡ
ŹߣĪôܵûУ
ܵʲôʵ
ҡΣɽ𶯣Ԫڶңһжڵ߸鲻ĵ
Ŷһĸо
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Ѿ𡣡жʱһţΪһսʤֻʤδ
ţѾˡĺǿ󣬹ֲҪҺаɱĵѾﵽʥļһѲĶ֡ǸħĹ£ֻһСӡ
ʥսô˵Ǻӣӵпʥ侳ΪˡȻûͦǺͻƣô˵ûͻƣԸͻᱻ֪ˡ
ҪɱǺӵˣҪ൱Ĵ۲ſɡԼ֮һĻڴĻ棬ǱǺӷڹʥ
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ǺһꪣɨһطͻһطҲ
ҸоһΣյϢǰꪵƷף²ҡ˼һ£ոһ𰸡
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ǿ̫ˣ˵ǵǿߣõľ󷨣ôھͿɱǸǺӵˡ
࣬ڴɱºɱױԷƷߡ
ɣĻٵĵǹ£ǺЭģţ㲻Ʒߵİɣ
ҵȻᣬһ˵Ͼ޵ġٴηĿ飬Թ֪ں̸еʱӦöҪһЩôŶԣǺڰ

ԻʱһߵİҮ¶һɫֻһӣһֵɢӿ档
һʥõ˼ӳɣ˲赲ס˱Ǻӵɱ
һȻǻԪҵļеƺ½ֻʥ侳֮ϵˣſʩչԪôҮҲһʥ侳һ࣬ΪʲôҴû˵ѵһֱܣҲᱻûġôɫħĹôὫħ̵ĽλãһˣҮ
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Ȼһö֣ȴ֪ôĴ㣬עҪãкܳЦЦȻעĻ
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ұǺӳˣǱûг֣ôȻıʲôھӦڱǺߣǺӽŶԡ
ڸʲôأ
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ңǲ֪˰ɣҸոմӰһԱ䡣һţ˵ħþʥҪɱ˱ǺӡϢס׼ȷģôھǱǺӺʥĶԺ䡣
ԭħǰһںӶԿ
ӼͰ
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⣬Ĵ۵ˣҲڹսǶڿűǺӣܷһ漣Ĵ۵겻ɵĶ顣
˵ǧĿڶ￴ڶűǺӴ
ӲͬǶȣʥʱ֮󣬱Ǻӽ˳ʥĹȦȻ߿֮С
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ΪʲôҪֽأ
˼άոȻˣΪ֪һǱǺӣҪꪣԲŻ
Ȼո뵽ʱǸֽꪱըˡ


442 

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ͬʱһĸ̾ͱǺӣûκεĻ
һĻǱȽġΪֻлȡڴս֮շƿصĹ
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ǰݷզϵģôȻ㡣ܹΪ˵ƣԪ
˽棬󷨵Ĺɲ֣ͻ󷨵ķӣǻԼһֱľ档
Ȼٿ󷨵ʵ㹻ĻôȻõһ㡣ڲٿ󷨵ˣһΪ̫ˣȫǱǺӵĶ֣ȥûʲôùӳԣļƻ
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ģһ̽ޣĿǻ棬ڷɳȻ̽ޣҲһѸ˫
ҲǿԽܵģϾ֮½ľ֮һôȻһֵıȥûóҲǵģĳ֣һЩϲĳᣬϾĴ½һЩɱĴڡ
ڵΪָֻĳɣԶԶЩϲˡ
ɣŭһӭ򱱹Ǻӡ

ڴսʱɽһߣҲ壬ڵĵ֮ڡɭΨһĴʥųƻʮĹʥžķ˼ǵĵȻ֮ǰİǺӺһ棬һ
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ҲҪСϾ֮½ģǸطĪ⣬ҩʤǿԲ²ġ
ǸʥһԼĺˣԼɭͳνײ쵼ˣӦ֪ھ֮ϣڵĹͷһ԰ɡ

˶ˣΪʲôʥҪ˵⡣
ʵǲ˽⣬ǼˣʵҡʥָԼԴȻĵǹȥһֱڲ²⣬ҵ׻˶꣬ҿԸһ϶Ĵ𸴡Ĵ۳ʱѾһꡣǸʱңΪ̫ǿǿﵽʥ𡣡
ľսҲҰţֲõʥʵҲŲʥģɵĿ֮ˣֻٳ֣ΪֵûˣҲΪˣҲʥ󱬷ʱ̣һ֮һֱޣо޸ʥ󣬽Ϊɭֵػ󡣵նʧˣҵǻ۲ɭ֣һս֮ʧ̫ˣʣµΪ̫޷޸ĺŲ󷨡
ʱҷʥʥԹԼ겻ĹǺʱҲףԭޣ࣬ǵĹͷӲһ֣ҲΪ֪׾Ӧô
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ˣ
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ڹŷ棬ȷʵǿ鵱˵ġʥҡҡͷ͵ֻҪܵõһ߸ʬ壬ȻԼסôͿƿµ壬Ϊһࡣ

̫ӴˣЯҲ̫ࡣһ壬ûа취סʱħ˾壬չ̸С
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ȻǵǰҲҺ͹۾һһ˲УôӱǺӵǷأϾǺӣӵв壬ӵ޽ʥ侳ĿܣôʻĺܶࡣǴӦħ󣬲Һֲδزϧ壬ʥΪһתôӵеսԿԾ񡣵ʱڼӪŰ֮ҲһһԽҵĴڡ
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ˣץۿۿǺӺǸ֮½սкúһ¾ĹؿãǶǽʥо޴ĺôʥķԸһȻҲ֪

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˭˵ˣ˿ʬ֤Ѿ𣿡߹ЦһȻܵĵȻҲ֪ڸʲôšԤУѾڹ·ϣŲ֮ͻǴҵǰ˶𾪡
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ڰ֣߹ƽһδϻʵ۵ĻĵңܸܵʥѾˣҲھ֮ϡ

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ҳĬˣҲһĬʥ󣬳һݵķ϶϶ĳ֣Ȼϸ΢һ˶ûа취á
Ƕʥ侳ľ˵ֻҪһķ϶ôǾͿ뿪Ǿһ˲䣬һһˣӺɫħ֮У˳ҵʥķ϶˳Ľʥ棬ʼǵ֮á
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ڣô;ԲΣաǷۣȴʱܱȡϣǣǰؼۣסˣʮҵʱ䣬֪λɸӦУһɹģļƻҪһȺȥʱ䡣
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ˣô񡣡ħ̸̵ͷʾԼ
ȻˣôǾȥжɣ͸֮ҪλãȫӡǵԺ档
һ̣⼸λ侳ħ̸֣׷뿪
뿪֮󣬹Լıϣһò̫ĵûв´ݣ²ħ̵ĵӰɣ
ΪʲôĲ²⣿ѯʣɵЦЦѯԵɡ
ƺʶ״̬ҵĸ֪طǿģֻҪ΢һЩ仯ҾͿԲħΣյʱҷһ仯ҲûСǺΣյʱҲûʲô仯ҸоЩʥ侳ĸ֣󷨵ʱ˱仯˳޵ɻɣ㲻ħ̣ҲڱǺһӦһǿߣҵĲ²⣬ħ̲ͣ뱱ǺҲ͡ղ󷨵ˣӦþĴˣŻķ
ȻʶɵȻԲ²⵽֮ĶͷϿ˶ԷĲ²⵽ֻǲ֪ʱ֧ħ̵ˣ̸ô࣬ʲôĿأ
ҵȷ¶ˣһӵȺ壡̾ϢһҲ֪ΪԼ̾ϢΪ̾ϢǽֵȻˣ˫Ӧйͬ˵ģһЭ顣


445 Ҫ
ʲôЭ飿
һѾ뵽ʲô
ֻһ̣ԼҲţôڱԼϡ
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ֻ֪һ֪ҵļ棬еѡ񣬾ǹЭ顣棬һôҾͿԹ£ںϡҲֻſԴﵽһ߾硣
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Ǿͷµľٴ룬Ʋӵʱñչɵʥһγء
ȷǵĲ²ⲻȷ֮ϵʥϣܳɽսķѾڿǣĹЭ顣ֻոճ͸ܵصı仯Ͼص֮һԸܵı仯ڳ֮󲻾ãѡһγû̳֡ȻԤϵɽã½˼ʥ侳ľǿߣˣһ
ر仯ˡԳʥ侳ǿߣʵҲģԸóԾ
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ǿĽթġʱķչྐྵȻ˸ָĿƼЩƼ£һЩڲҪ£Ҳնɱ͵ȼޣʥһЩĺ쵼˱֮СǵģڷչȥǲǻӲأӶﵽĵز
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δһʱ䣬ԼעһЩںϣﵽĳ̶Ȳſԣһսʱ򣬲Ų
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Сˣǳںһ֮һɱɽţȫɱŭһһαʾԼĲ
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ܵһУһŭĵ̫޳ˣȻʥ侳һӲʥ󣬹ֲʥƻ֮졣
ʥ侳ǿߣô˵ţȪţʹšȺ飬ټϱǸͽʵյľ棬һγ𣿡ܽȺ˾һɴ˿ɼǺϵôӴ
Լ飬ҲǱǺĻŵİɣ
벻ǺᣬѾ֮ı㣬ֲΪһʥءȻˣôȲ˳⣬һҪƻԷİš
뵽棬˵ȻǾںϣһĲ࣬ӦѾԣӳ߳ɵʱȥЩˣȫһˡ
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˫ҽ֯һ𣬱õ̻Ҳ۵ףﶨȻ˿µĹŻľҲ

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ĳûκαİ취Ȼʱ岻֪ܵʲôĲٿأȻһܿߣ۾ÿԿˮ̶
ڿˮ̶һ̣һηˡ
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ѾʮΣÿһӣһ䣬ۿǾҪȫˣԼȴﹶ͵ܲｹ
ʱվԵڵӦΪԼֵǽԺΪǵĶֶʥ侳ĸ֣ʥ侳ĸֽսãſʼܣѾһ漣һ˵кģǵĺ㽲﷢飬ȻǵϸΪõܶȥ

ˣҪˣȥˡ˵ʱߵֵһȥڿһǰɱۡ


449 ǿƻع
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һһӰɽɽλãˣֳ򣬽ں档ͬʱλ࣬ʩչһġ
Ȼûд㣬˷ʱ䣬ҪһɱĴ㡣
󷨣ѧϰĴ۴棬µ󷨡
ֻҪһôԿԾ춼ǹǺôɽԽڱ̡





ˣΪɱһΪۣЭķ֮ǵĹɱĿ귽
˵һ⣬ôңܵ¼ˡǶʥ侳ĸ֣ﶼзĶ
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ˣھҵĶϢšͬʱˣҲ̼ӴԪµԪľ£γһԲ
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ϧ֮ˣ֪뷨ǻۣȵ۵ʱⲻ֪Ѿȵúķˡ

һϢڱ۴һ¡ĸ˽۳Ԫȫ׷˳ȥԪĹ켣תʱκ˶ûа취֮ˡǴɲҷɣΪǻһôͲٿԪ򣬺ݺۡϾһһصĸֲٿۡ
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ҪɱңûôסͷһҲܵϢ֪Էһʩչʲôµ󷨣ԲŻǿϢԹγɵʶԼɢĹ¸޷סһУʱһ飬ôʥͳ̸ˡûʥĸôԼεֿǺӣ
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СһŮӣļǵã棬˧ˣǼȻǼʮ֮ǰ顣ʵӵͯ񱣬ϲСϲˡڸǣҲ޷ҵ۾

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һţǰҲֻһˡͻƵʥ侳죬ΪȺϼһֻǧȫ㹻ػɽţԼʱ䣬һһδ˲š
δûܴﵽǺǸزǸļƷš
ôӱǺҲӦΪʲôȻһأѵΪԼսʤ
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ѵͱ۵˵ңѾ׵ĽɢˣǴϱ۵ˣһսҪ㶨ң
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˵ĴΪǰԱڶԷɱԼʱѸֳϾ棬̺һ˿ԶԿġ
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ѵЩͣЩҲǣ֮УȲֻս
Ȼģ淢˫սһ죬ҲȻҪѡһͶģŪõʱЩˣΪҲ˵

ЩҲĬˣΪǶ֪ԤпܷġϾֻ̫Ͷһߣǿɣſ԰ȵĻȥ
ĻͷĬĬĵ㣬ʾԼףӦôˡ
ƨӾ
ʺһһʲôʸﳰЦΰӡ
ǺǸҲԳӣѵˣ
²ѵ֪ΰӣǾݣκһɶ׳ƳŵһºնɱǸ֮󣬾Ϳ֮ŭɨ½ô½֮еĶɺ͹ңͶɽŵ£Ϊɽŵһ߹෴ǸʥֻʲôѹʵĴϣֻһƵСˣҲŬô꣬ҲֻһС޷Ϊɽţͳһ½ọ́ħ򡣡
ߣҪĳЩˣôϵĴ᲻׵Ҵʮ֮ǰѾɨ½߶ɸˡӴ¼ûʲô˵ġ飬ɽţɣΪ½ֿȵɡͬʱҲãЩɣɽհһгĴ½ʱǽΪӵսŪ֮սϣŪһħһЦ顣
ߣϣ˵ôţƣôΪʲôԼĺѣɽհɸأ
Ҷ˵ˣϻţû
Ǻǣֲˣ˭֪Ƿأ
ƨ
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ݱΪҵ֮ڴݱ˸ӼҵսֻЩˣ׷׳ԼĶֳ˹ȥҲϵƶԷȻʱܷе
ʱϴһ󱬺֮
ɽԼݣĽĿɨһΧȺ˵ǻǲɽŵĵӣ
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ǻԼɽŵĵӣôͲӦɽֵɽ㳡֮ϣԼͬʦеǶɣԼͬŵ衣
ǡ
Ҫ˵ʲôϻ֪ΥŹ棬ıĻôΪɵδȺɵȫɽţǳΪûԸҪĹ»ҰҪΪǣΪԼţԼΪߣΪҲǡҽҪȷĸǣɽšɽŵĵ𣬶ϺӱǺӵӣǲӦطңɽΣοֻҪһɽŵһ죬ôоԵȨǣԸǡǰͱ빧ʺãŰԵһϿ
ɽʱΪİȫͷ˳һӾͽȫס˵Լͷ­ֱɽ
ʱɽʩչɽֱ˵飬ɽŵӣӱķԸ뿪ɽŹ㳡ظԵĵطŵһϵΪϳɽŵĵ̣ɽŵĸ

ˣǵһο˵ĺݻȻҪǵģһ֣Լεֿ
ͱǺӵĶ֣ЩСϺ˵ǷǳɵģͨЩ֮е½뿪˹㳡


456 ųʥ
Ϊʲô뿪
ʱɽһˣԼԼĻ֮Ȼվţ˿û뿪˼ɽܲ⡣
ǴŭɽǰһǸ˵ߣŭĿӵĵתΪβң
뿴ҵףһɬ֮۵Ǹ˵ͣһǷֵСԶɽ
Ȼһ֮Ȩɽ֮ϼκһˣοһ㲻ɽŵĵӣһ˽ɽŵˡ
ɽ֮У̺ɱ
ðɣȻˣôҾתˡ̾ϢһȻתĿһνɽʱ򣬶ʱסˡ
㣬㡭ɽŴӾ㵵ıظȻһĿǰ꣬ʵ̫ˡĵطĴʦһģһţ㲻Ǵʦ֣Ϊֻ񣬲Ǳϵһģһ
ʦܣ㻹ôϰ
̾ϢһȻɽΪһҪ֪½֮ϣкܶĵطҼǵã֪Ƿ񻹼ǵãʦĴ½μǣһСǣصġ½ǧа˻ĺг֮أҲΥ֮ڴ֮һΥ֮أһǸ棬ΰĽ̻ʣڱ˺֮󣬾Ȼʮ֮漣ĸһ죬Ϊʥ侳ĸ֣⻷֮
һμǣ״˼صݣҲǵ;˵ˡɽҡҡͷ˵
ɽı˼άεķʦܣЩ꣬ɽŵΣѹһ˵ϣȷʵе㲻ԡʦֵ꣬Ӧ÷֣뿪ɽţȥһ´½½֮ϵЩֵ壬˽һǵԼĴ˵ҿԺܸ˵ĸ㣬ʦ֮ҾͰµĴ½μǣ߱½Щ棬Ҿ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ֤˺ܶ漣Ȼڣʦμ棬ôţҲҶĳЩص֮СҸղŶǶμǼأͱ֤ȷʵǸ֮ϵĽɣһǵתȻкܴơһýɵرڶ侳ĵزҪضӣضĵص㣬ıŮԣǰҺתĵ̥ǱҪʮ侳ˣԸԼΪۣתҾǸתˣҲֻһĻᣬܱסԼľԼȥĲּ䡣޷ʩչһˣһֻʩչһΡ
Ǻĵ֮ϣȻɽѾ߰˷֣Ϊ˵飬Ҳ֪
׹ʱ򣬵ʱΪÿ侳ѡ뿪ɽţȥ½֮Ͽ۽磬Դͻƣɽš
һߣǶʮꡣǶʮ꣬Ϊȫ㹻߱ȫ½صĵطԼ׵μǣȥǸ⵺죬Ҳǿġ
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ǵģһǿţ½֮кܶǿߣʩչĴۡǺӣҲɻɣһʩչתˣǱˣ츳ôǿ󡣡
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ˣôɽ˵ʲôȴҡҡֱ֣ͣĿȴġ
ˣǹڵطʺǱҹ̸ȥɡ˵һ䣬Ȼתһǰ

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ǱۡбǺӣǸˣ֮иԼԣѵΪɣɽ
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һ̫ѨȻɽҵĺȥÿһһĴ˵Ҫɽ֮ϣųʥ


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һӣɽҲˡ
ȺǧϸʮҪǰɽšÿһˣԼɵΪȻҲܿɹۡ
˻ɽţôһʢᡣ
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Ҫټÿһɵˣһ̸һ´½δͷʾɽ˵ĺܶԡ
ԴΪﵽʥ侳ܸ֮оһ鷢飬ܿӰ½ķչƣδʵ֮ǰԼŬıһȶһЩᱻδĴӰ̫
Դʦڵɻ˵ǻȪţʹšǿ²Ըǰɽţ֮УûʱƺҲûǸȨǰ˵ءҲһ⣬ǽɵݺ͵λûʵ۱ǰ˵أҲе㲻סЩɣӦأ
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Щ˵֮ͷʾԼֿ֮ڵǣֻϿɵʱǰôɵĳһͬǰˡӴڻ⣬ֱӸټǲ⣬ôȫǻ̸̸ȻҶѲ⣬ҹʹȥЩѡ
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ȻҪ룬ħĴСɣ߼壬֮Сħ棬һҪעҪӼħĹԼһҾȥħȥü˳ٵǵ壬ֻҪеʥǰУĲ壬ͲҪǰˡ
ħôҲĵ̣ɽӼÿһ壬ôͲҪˣǺУȫûվһЭ̡
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ϾȥͲǴʦֵĶ֣Ŵʦ־ͷۡԴӴʦֹ֮òҵԼֵ壬Ҫչͼĳʱֳ˶ңӱǺӣֳ֣ŪΡ
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Ϊܱסѯء΢΢һЦԼλʦ̬ܵͰţȥûʲô̫ķֱܰġ
ʵղôһҪȶ½ģһҲ뿴ԼλʦܣԼʲô뷨
ϾԼոտ꣬һʦܵıݣ֪ˣһֱ˽½Ӵ໥֮ǰֺ͹ģ˵ﶼı䣬ôԼάɽţҲû塣绻һ
ĿǰǱȽģԼλʦܣ΢еп룬ȨƿҲǿ
ԼǰǹȥǸӣǫҴûΪԼķԸŭȽοġ
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ʱѾ뿪֮Χɽй䡣
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ףʶϼһ
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Ϊĵӣ츳ˣȻȽܳ裬ÿһʦ壬ʦ׽˫ĹϵȻܡ
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һԽ͵ʦ壬ǵʮ꣬Ƕ˴һɽȥ𣿡
飬˵ˡ
ǸС򣬷û˻֪Ǹ顣
ӦǣԲ˵ȥŵԸ񣬾ĺôҲ㣬ţǸСӣˣĺˡ
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Ժɵû꣬λʦȥûһ棬װؤҪȥݳ԰ͣϾԱŮȥμӱס֮Ϊ˸˼ȤǾ˺ܶ飬꣬ŽϷˣǷɽš
ҲΪЩľԷ˵ʧȥȤΪһ壬ԽһΪһ׼Ķߡ
û뵽СӵΪԽԽǶˣʦӣĵãػɽţѡ̫ˡ
ţɽţôɽžͲʲô⣬ˣҲͿ԰ڽ棬úµˡ
ǰϹͷڼּʮ꣬ڿ̷֮Ǹ뷨ͣµȽϺá
ãλɢˣֿʼ˵Щ컰ˡ
ûǣһǰأҪĿأǽ棬ȥһ۵ʦүµĶ
ȥһֱûʸ򿪣ҹۿĶΪ㹻ˣԲ棬ʲôôе㲻ġ
Ŷλʦ壬ɫĵλʦ壬е飬ҪĹȺһˣǶλҰɣ
Ȼᣡ
ֻλʦһ뷨
ܲ׼˵ʲôʱ򣬾ͿλʦһЦڵȻǴϣôȻʸȥ￴ˡ
ǵļ̳ˣڿʼӦýһУʡĽʱ򣬳һЩҪ©ʲôʧ


458 ʹҹ

ôˣ
ɽŷӢɵߴˣǰɽۻᡣ
Ȼɽźǿ󣬵ǵݣƾʲôǣ
ǣɽݣżȺۡ
찡Ȼôȥɣ
ͬ飬С
Ȼ飬ôԵģҲһЩطĳЩ仯總Ȫŵһɣյʱ
ߣɽΪԼưˣ뷢ҵҪ㣬ҪôȺۡ
ǸĻˣô
˵ݺ͵λҲûʲô˵ģô
ԣ
޴ѵ㲻֪ڵѾǹȥľˡħͥжܵ۹ؼǶܵ۹ڲҲңл壬ͷģȻɽţλҪˣɣҲ˿ɽšңȪţôȪûǾͲӦʲô
Ӧˡ

˵Щ絹СɣиԵĻ
ôɣһƬ֮УԼӦδ
л壬֮ء

ܻĶʱˣ䣬Լܵ۹ĵĻ塣
ǸһĶ
ôһָͶǻߺģֱ
½߹Ҷܻ壬Ĳҡ
£ǣôǾͲӦȥ˲ҲټȺŻھҲٿһӢ۴ᣬȻһַרַɽء
Ӧַɽţɽųʧ֮䣬ǻ
⣬ֻĿǰľƣǶټǷе㲻̫
ͷ۵ĵ۹ʵۣʱ˼Ȼͣǵߣһʵλѵûпĺ棬һв֮𣿡
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찡ҶܻȻһɽҰɸҪЮˣ˶£ܲǣ
Ȼˣô͸Ӧ÷ټȺַɽš
£֪ĺ棬ôдģвǶܵ۹ģʱһûпλԱȽϵµĴ󳼣վŻʵѯʵ
Ҫλ档
ܻʵ¶һߵݣȻתԼΧĴ󳼺ͻ壬λҶܻĺҶܵϣҶܻλʵףλ󳼣Լλִͬ¡ǴҶЩ˵Ϊ侳죬ԶԶʥ侳ǿߵĶ֡ǵѣպյḶ́ĿǰĶսҲֻһ侳۷ĸ֡Ȼر仯յĹ̽ΰĹʦѾǵżṇ̀Ͼǵڶǲʶ۹δǻ壬Լ೼ͱŬչ׳󡣡
ȴûм֪Ƕܵ۹ĵƣʵЩϵˡڻʹλߵλ档
̾Ϣһʵץһϵķ֣ͣĸš
ʱ̧ͷݶȻҪôǻ壬Ҫô󳼣˵ǲǴɵˣǻ壬ǧ˿ƵĹϵ׺ܶࡣһЩ飬ҲͲˡ
Ļ壬Ϊ˹£ԶһЩ֡յ壬Ǿڻʹڲʥ侳ǿߡڹƻʹʱǶܵ۹棬Żˣͳһ²֮󣬾աΪһεľҲǶܻһ飬ǾǻҪȶ£ͱ´塣¶ܵ۹̱֮˼ɫĻ֡Щ֣ʱڻʹڲÿһθĹؿǻʵͻǿһ֣Ǽʮֻ֮ȥǶʱ棬һЩ˲š
Դһ꣬Ѿȥİٶꡣһαλ棬Ѿ֮գѾ̫ңԶˡԴӱʵǻһֱܵѰһ֮еӵܣҾĵ׼޵ʱ򣬽Ϊʥ侳ĸ֣ȻʹڲԴػδĶܵ۹ڵľе仯Ⱥ˺ܶʥ侳ǿߣŪҶܻλ棬Ѿɱһ֮ˡҲΪˣĴ󶥼˷ˣҴħȥʱҲҪá
λһ뿪֮أôͲٱסûбµǣҲἫ˥һѣˡ

һԼ뷨˵
Ľ⣬ʱ˹мӵܣӵ亹ΪǼڲ˲ͬ
ǿǼĶ֣˿ڵ۹ʵۣôü𾴻ġǸоʱûг죬ǲŻԼ뷨
ǽ֮ǳ׷Ǹ뷨Ϊ֪ûʥ侳ĸֻôԼܰᶯ۹塣
Ҳ֪һжˣ̾Ϣ
ʣȻһ壬λأôβһλɨ½֮ϵЩмС֮ͽ
Щ棬һʲôʲôǿ
ԣ½ƶǵ۹ҲҪһǿƵ˳֣һЩҰ֮ǵ۹δԽǷϣ˻񡣡
ǵĻ壬Ѿʧȥҫܶ˶ǻˣȥǻǺܲġλ󳼣ҲһЩִĳЩߵʱᱻһЩ赲޷˳ʩչⲻΪǻʽ΢ǲǷֻҪһλڣôԿˣʱɱһץһǴ½ͻ±ȶ
⣬Ҳ֧һλ档һܱߣɱ棬Ҳһºڶʱ֮ڣĸ֡ʡһ֮ڵʱǻֻܷӡһЩµ΢ˣ뺮֮С
ǣһ뿪ߣôͻʮֶݡ
ڽ֮Ǳʮλ档ʷУǱ棬Ҳһαһμ٣ֻʣλʥ侳档ڳʲô⣬ûͻƵʥ侳ˣǵΣôǵ۹Ӧζȹһꣿ
£ҿӦЭһ£Ӧôʵľ棬ҿֻҪھУǸҲֻһ˵бǰʹλɽôͳˣαٴвҵȣ
֧֣ô˷ԡ
ǵı̬ʵҡҡͷǲҿ²ʱҾ֪һŵˣһ˵ĻôضҪʵֵġһˣû㹻ʵΪǲвǵġô˵ôضг׼ǣ±档
ǲӦôҵģĻǰôʱ򣬾Ͳǳһ棬ȫˡ
¡˹վ
ˣ֪ǻ˵ʲôҲˡʵе㲻ͷˣżģĳ˰죬ҲûеĳһԼӵķˣ֪粻żǰء
ӻ֣лһƷϵϳȥ
ʵڻʹ˼Ȼҡҡͷ첽ʹԺʱһŮӣһߵ԰߳ӭ濴ʵۣϲüҵĵʣȥء
С߰
ʵۿ߹Ůӣ΢һ㣬һ߹߹ͷĵСߣʲôҪģֱӸ˵һҪġ
ܵ۹ĻʵۣȻȽ㣬һλ֮ҲϲŮɫ˺֮мǧ¶ŮˡزһδںţĻӻŮٶˡٶ棬Լ̳лȨ͵λģĿǰֻжʮˣǱɨʹطְһӶûл᷵ػʹˡ
ʮλʵͺĻӻŮ棬߹߹ǻʵϲĹʵǣǷ񽫻λ߹һµ۹Ĺȡ
ϾЩ棬츳ܱ߹ߵˣһҲûС
ʣ˵ʥպպȺŵԼħĹ֮½ʥԼ㣿߹Լö˵
ôһ¡һ˵ʵ۾еͷۣһ֮㣬ǰ;ǽԼ۰Ů
ĳǸʥȻһͷֻĳطǷϻͯøˡһԼǸò绨ǻ͵ŮȻʵ۱¾һᷳ
ʣôǴȥǲȥ߹ƺ˸Ƿѯʵ
һȺΪ顣ǻʵ۽ԼԼղȺĽȫ˵˳Ȼܽ˸ĿǰҲ֪Ӧô졣
ǰλӢ䲻ݵĸʣȻΪ飬÷·ʮӣ߹Ͳɵһ̾Ϣ
߹վʣЩأذ˷Ľ飬Ľ飬ԲŮĿ½øңԶԶĿǰô򵥡δļʮ꣬ͻַ棬ʱͳأôδ½ʱӦεֵ
Ϊʲô˵ʵüʵ
ʣҲˣֻԸŰˡ߹һԼȻĵԴ٣Ĵ½ͱʮֲȶˣر½ֱȻҹԼ½绤Ļͻ֣ᷢ˺ܶ仯ʯ䡣ⶼľҲòˡҴһԤ⣬ôĴ½ˣҪ֮½ͣһսվ˭ƿĴ½ˡⳡս棬ǱȫԸֻ³ⳡʣžͷڰ֮ڡ
ȷʵʵ
ʲôģȻǰ֮ڣܽڴ½֮ϡ߹ŵĵͷȻŻʵ۵ܸоôˣҲ֣ܲҪǻָΪôȻҲԲˣΪһδټȺţһȶɽŵλ½Ҳһ²ȶأȸ㶨½ڲȶ֮½Ľս½ΪʣҪȥҪʩչ㹻ĳ⣬ǻͳȨ֧һ壬֧
ž
ʵۺݺݵһƣԵø˷ܡʱЩܻΪھУӰ죬Ϊ޷Ƶı仯
񱻵֮󣬻ʵ۱ףҲǻһΣ̵СĲҾȥ
ʡ߹һʱϻʵ۵ĸ첲
㰡߹ԼŮΪ׻ʵ۱£β֪뷨һ߹ıӵˣ㲻ȥ𣡸ȥǵ֮󣬲Ƿǡ


459 ˷
˻Ȩ͹֮⣬ŲǶܵ۹֮ڣǿ֮һ
ʱڽţԻ͵Ľɴ档
ΪŵʱţڵһʵȨ죬һĬİԼʯ鵭ĵ·ɽڵƺе㲻һˡɽԸ񣬲ܸϳçײ飬οǹȥǸͳҲϲͻѻϣôôȻһյġ
ڷ֣һȺʱɵȨϻԱ
ɽŲһбȻпǵģΪǱȻ׼ԲŻᷢҵĲ²⣬ĳЩɣѾڰͶɽţɽŴﵽĳЩЭ飬ɽŲڴ˵Ӳ
ţ˵̫ˣȻǶԷ˼ƽϣŻġȷʵɽŵʵ
ǵˣԼɽŵĴϱۣʥ侳ǿߣҹϵʮУڱǺӵĲӣô᲻˫һɽţȥ鷳أȥɽţôʱɵĳţȥμɽŵľۻᣬ᲻ʲôõӰ죬һڹôӦԴ
𿴽ڵȨ˱仯ȥһĴѹһǷˡ
ˣҲֻʱģһôʲôصȥΪ˰ȫȨ֮ȻһֵȨģøľɲԴȶǵģ˽ڲһƽľ棬һҶ˵ʱҲ׳ԽţоԵĺôôȻûʲôر
λĵĺܶࡣʱ򣬺ȻĿɨһλϣȻԼΪǣܻܿһһºǰɽŸᣬıڵľƣǲŸӦúú飬óһ飬֧ǣͣ棬侲ȴƱ仯
˵ĶԣҪ⡣
ˣ˼ɽŵ飬ôɣǷҲ˼£
˵Ȫţʹţ̣
ҶǶɣҵ뱱Ǻӣǧ˿ƵĹϵɵǸ֮У۷սЩɣ֮վȶλݣΪĶսټЩһսȶסԼɵ𣿡
ˣͬˡ
ֻҪܹͬˣôȻɽżɵ壬ҲΪǵĴڣһЩְŵģܽڣҲƳô͸ˡ
ͷΪʱ֪Լʱ򣬱վһ˽ˣȥֻ½
ĿǣǷΧĳϵλҾ̸ȪţʹŷϢŵʱǰҽɴ飬һ۳衣ڹ̣ߵֵ£
ʹźͻȪŻ˵ǸӣǷҪ֪ͨأ
ǸɣҲǵһ
ܽҲ£ǵߣô˵һĺ¡
˵飬ҸղҲ˼λӦףǸɣǶһҲ˽⣬֪Ӧ硣οǸɵڲʲôҲǺ֪Ƿ񻹺Լһģϣ뻢ıƤû塣ҡҡͷֻʹţȪšֻôҲԵֿκһ˭Ҳǿˡ
˵Ķԣȥš
ŵĳǣ½æµһݷ˳ȥЩ棬кܶõϢȥĵطȴͬе壬е̣еȪţҲеɽš֮ơ

һΣֹȥ߰졣
ʱ棬ȪźʹŵʱȫӦ˽ŵ롣ϾţǴ½ǿɣҪȻȪźʹŸһǿΪʱôţȻܵõȽϴء
ûоԵİգԿŵʱ򣬻ȪźʹҲᣬڴķŶԿοڵԶ󶥼ɲʱ棬һ£һġ

ӭȪ츱
ϣʹŵָҲˡ
ȻλˣôȵҽŵĽɴԡ£Ϥ֮󣬴ڳЭΣ
ˣĳЩ飬ǻҪǰ۲źá
ԣ֪ͨӦǰˡ
ȥĸǴЭһ£ⵢ顣
Ȼˣôλ뵽ԵȣϾͻȥλЭ̡
Ҳã

ſڶݵ۹ʹźͻȪŵָ츱ǰ˽ǵ˽֮󣬼ƷһˮЯһ£˽
츱ָ÷ĳȵֱż鼤һֱۣŶ˹ӡ
ڲ˵Ǹʱ򣬻ֱԣһڹõɽŴɡ
һɽţѹʴ壬ôֻֿܣһĹˣʵõκһˣǸʸˡһֿܣɽɣһµˣ£ԲŻᷢôҶȥ£ǵĺ
ǵһֿܣǵڶֿܣĳ̫ܡɥڼ֮ǰ顣Ǵҵ˽⣬ħ棬㲻ôҲҪˡ֮˼꣬ͻƣôҲںɨ½ȺӢԿڶֿܣӵĻΪٶ࣬ҲǿΪɽһǵõĳֶԲŻӵ˵ţΪľٶ
ҲĹԣֻǲ֪оʲô飬ǲŻᴦ뱻֪ӦþӦԡ
ҪҿǻǸɴ಻ҪжˣǱߵĴĻɡ
Уأ֣ôȫǧ֮⣬ȡϽ׼ֻҪԸ⣬ôȫһ֮ڣɱǼǸ޷
λԵͣһǱϾʸɵĺķӣΣŴҶվһһ𲢼翹սġǶȥĻǲȥᣬǲҲеӰ첻ã
ΪĵǣǲűҪȥμһεĸᣬʹſǣǲɽ֮⣬ռһСɣȻһվһʲôãô̾ɽսֱӴĸСͱһٹɽš
ע⣬ҲʧΪһð취Ȼص֮Ҳһ°š
ȻˣôɣôˣһɽܱߣռһɣҽվγӪһʲôã̾һɱɽţ׸ǡ

ôǣʱһŰɣ
Ӧô
ɵʱţ̾£վһЭ̺顣

ڻȪţʹţЭ̵ʱͥҲյ޵Ը˵Ǿһ裬Ӧɱȥڽ¸ס
Ȼǵʥȴһޡ˼죬ԽͣתյóһһεĴᣬȥұҪΪͥȡһУɭ֣Ŀܸ
ǵ죬ͥĺĽ죬ȫټ˹һһ˰ͷԸغͥתǰɽš

ͥǱ߽еĺ˳ħȴһЩ鷳
ʱħ棬߹ħĹħۣȨȣһߣһ߶ԼĲ´󳼣Լλһɽŷ֮аɱǲһЩİţ»һӰ졣븰ԼҲȥ븰ԼҲԡ
£Ϊʲô˵
ǰ£Ϊ˵ɽţѵɽд˵еô£ѵǸͿˣ
ҿǸҲֻһӣֻҪĴһ֣ͿǹԹԵĸףǵ鷳οɽţֻһɣʲôʸħǵٻǰȥɽţ
ħ붫ܵ۹Ѿǵж˫ÿڱ߽֮ϣгǧսʿΪһЩСսɥڶԷ棬˫һ棬˫һ죬ֳʤݵĳ棬ȥЭ̣
˵̫ˣɽ˼Ҫżˣôβħöܵ۹Щĸ֣ǰħᣬʱ򱾽һҪ
λôģôܵ۹Ľ죬Ҳ˵뷨Ϊһȥμӣôħĩա
£һҪ˼ħײŽΪԷһôǰȥԼ
ʱ򣬹½ݸԼĳ棬ɽŶ˳ŵκһ˶׼ΧɱħǰԼʹߡжܵ۹ĸ֣߽֣ôɽţԸ֣ǸΥɽ־ɱ
⡭
ҲΪɽӵôȨ
ô˵жɲô顣
ǲܽϣɽŵϣǶħ˵һҵľ飬£ǧҪϵҪǰȥô΢ΪֻҪһĻǰһԵõԤҪһҪǱǰȥ
ҲĿǣǾˣַħȥɽŵ֮ڣõϢħ̵ˣһӡģ֪һѲҲǵˣħĹ£Ҳ˾״̬֮С

ȺԼļ׼ڽȰ˵ʱħʹߣΰ֮г֡
ڿ˲䣬ħĹ£̾͹ڵϣϲʹߴˣڻָʥ侳Ϊˣôħ˵ھκһˡ
һָΪôҲǿ޵еġεҡҡͷȻһйĵһָʥ侳ʱ򣬾͸оԼһأǿˣǸˣӦɽŵ
һΣɽŵħ븰ԼҲ޷סոսˡ
Цѣ뵱Ĵ½ʱĵġǾһĴ֮Ҳ˹ȵףɥʧ˹ȥڳš
رڸϢ֮ԼļƻĴ½Ŀ׳Ϊĭˡ


460 ֮еʯ
ܻʵˡ
Ĵ󶥼Ҳǰˡ
ħȺۣڹº֮½ͣҲһͬǰɽš
ʥʮʥҲһͬǰɽš
ʱɽʢˡ
˵ûУֱһ顣
ʲô飿
ʲô飬ڲ֮ǰܵ۹ħ۹ڱ߾ĵطҵĳͻ˫˲ءΪԷԭǿͣҶܵ۹ʧıȽᡣ
ףⲻһ𣿡
Ǻ飬Ϊ֮ǰɽŴʱΪħȺ˵ɳй磬κһ˶
Ҳ˵ħȺ棬ȷʵôһ
զأѵð֮踣ȥ۹߾Ӣǣȫɱ˲ɣôǻɽŸʲôȫһɥȨ˰ɥȨ𡣡
֪꣬˾УǧҪ˵Ǽ˵

ȿȣʵҲµ߰˷֡ڵ۹߾ͻ֮ĲãɽŸ֮ϣͳһ⣬ֱĳѪ֣֮һĵ۹˺ͽ죬ôڵ۹߾ˡ
ˣôҲûʲô˵ġ
һ겻ˡ
ѵû˼Щˣħ뾳ĵ۹ӢۣɱǵˣɽŴ
ʲôĶɱˣ
˭ôĵӣѵΪԼ޵ˣܵ۹Կˣ
ǣ֣ôԿɽģֻҪŽһ𣬶ȻԿɽŵ޴Ͳİš
Ȼô˵ʵǵﶼûףһﲻȣ֮˵ĿؾΪȶԼģԼĻŰˡ
ϾκһˣﶼȽܡ
һˣǿȡԼ͸Цһʱȴߣ˴ڣ˭˭ûа취ġ
ţԴӽ쿪ʼ֮ЩǰɽžۻˣкܶˣΪ飬޷֮С

ɽŵۡ
ʱһȺɽŵĳϣѾֱ֧֧ǺӣλǸӵˣֻ֧Լĳϣڶ£һ
ڵǱҪץˣɽţкܴӰ졣
ɽǱȽǿδϱۣոչǰδӱǺӣ˵ʢ£ȷʵɽţԴӴǿʱڣλҪǣɽǿ󣬲ԶǿյǶôǿҲһҹ֮㵹ӶһͿǲֻʢҲҪδΪǵһ¡
ǿʱҲҪǵδֻǿҿӦ̣δϱۣԼӴһϢǷɽţȻһ𣬹ͬЭһδڲԣǵɽ˵һ취
˵̫ˣֻܽɽţչΪĶɡǶɣôδǻһһŪãȺ۶ɽмɺޣôȶλϹȥӲϵʱɽţ»Ϊʸ֮ģһҹ֮λӰһʧ

ҲĳţոշԼĳţ֮Աǣз
ƨǾΪԼĵλΪԼӺͱǺӵƨˡǵϣϵĴڣɥҲ֪飬ֻ֪Թߣ
ߣûϣı۵ĽգȻΪɷչһڴԼһ취ıȡ۹ֱڳ룬ѵΪԼǶܵ۹Ļ壬ַµʱ򣬻һأǿأϵ״̬ȻϹ̶£Ҹ㣬ǳ룬û˻ɽźҲûԸǻΪ۵ĻᣬѡΪһӡҪ˵ʲôţʲôȪţʹšȫȫӵĺôµĵӣɱɽˣӺǵʧ֮ѡʱı̸ĸڲߣɵķչƣһǰɽţҲֻмλһЩϰˣûǰƴ̬ȻԼӱǺӣһĵĴڡ
˵̫ˣǻΪۣҲΪŬ֪ҪǻΪۣҪ㹻ȶ㹻ǿΪͺܵ۹һǵµʱǵĿһΪھ£޵֣ŷʥ侳֮УȽĴڡӱǺӣû˵ɽٳɹṳ̂ʥ侳ôûʸ¡ξѾ˵ˣ©Ǳ׶ˣħµʱôӦħʱҲԼĲ¶ȥ͡
Ӿûʸıǻǵӹ֮˵ɡϹһ֣ͿԺɨ£ôɽţԿڶʱ֮ڣ׳ɣȽǿǸʱ˭Сǣ岻Ϊ⼸֣ǲŰԵһֱı𣿵ʱҲôѡˣȻʥ侳ĸ֣ٽǱԱ֮á
עãϵΪԿԱʮ˸ʥ侳֣ʱ򣬵ȴϰ֮˭ǣǾͽһӶǸɱ

ǵλɽһԼĳϣȻ˼תû뵽ʦֵô㣬һ㹻ԿǺαүֱһ漣׵꣬⽫ɽŵλôʦ֣ȷʵǶԵġ
ʦ֣ȻλôңôҾɽŵұҪӵоȨŶԡ
ԼΪʱһҹڷߵҹվɽ߷壬Լ˵Ļɽ︽ҪôҪӵ㹻ĻȨӵ㹻ĸԼȨպϣĸôֻϣ£һԼδҪ񣬾£ʦһĳϣȡõǵ֧֣֧֣ǱαؽҪ顣
ȥɥ棬һĳϣҲͶԼµġǸʱԼҲһܣǵԼĸʵȴǣϹ֮һоֻعԭ㡣
ģҪ顣
ԼʲôʸǶԼأ
ɽԽתȻû˼ȥأ̸̸ʦʲôأѧϰ
˼ɽſȥɽţֱڶʱҲǸʱڣǲǿġʥ侳˥ʱȴﵽǿʱɽŵĺʱʼˣҪšŵͬʱҲҪ£һЩ׽ǵ˻Ȼγһ׶ε磬ôҶΪһԱ޷ѳȥɽţǧصĻҵҾԴӽ쿪ʼλȥ֮ɽнӴȻԷеԼԷ˼鿴ǷܳΪǵѣԵĻôͽҰһ£ԽӼǣǩԼЩԸǺΪѵˣôҲҪһǼǣʱ򣬵һεʢһᣬһǰδΣԴ˴ﵽɽǧصĻҵ
һ࿴Լͬ飬˼άе㲻̫⡣һϡ࣬һּ֧ԷһʩչĳЩ̫۵ľߣӰҵѵʲôıɣ
Ǿʲôı벻ֻõͷɽķԸ
ˣλȥ°ɣҪϢһˡ
ɽӻ֣û֮ڵ೤ɢȥȻһˣͨصܵ͵͵ǰ˽ء
ոսأͿ˶λʦ壬ڽ壬Ĳֺ
ǵȥȴֵһĻΪλʦƿصӣֻһǾǽ˧£ôֳܷʤʤߣ
Ƕλʦ壬ȴʮеĿ֣ɱĲֺ
ڿԼ֮ʦ壬̧ĿһԼˣ죬ûмǴʮûн˰ɣ
ʮꣿҿӦʮˡһʦ壬ʱҲһ
λʦĻɽЦһͷȷʵʮ꣬ԼûнˡԴԼΪ֮ÿҪæµ̫ˣûʱ˼Ķҽ棬Ķʵһʯ飬Լ꣬ҲûпеİأȻὫʱ䣬֮˷ѡ
λʦ£Сֶʵ̫æµˣûʱǰ˵ءرǰЩ꣬ʦΪ⣬ӶʧȥѶյڲ˷ѵ֢״кܶطԴҡ
ˣǲҪ˽ЩҲüˡ
ܵôȻˮ׼ģʦǸ򣬾ͱõġǼȻƼ㣬ʦֵĺôȻҪ㣬δʲôʲôǽͣΪ㣬ͺ㣬ҽɽŽ㣬ȥǰȥ׳һԲҪ͡
˵Щ֮󣬶λʦֱӱ£ڴɽվ￴һᣬȻȤɽҲֻתȥһҲɽһЩ飬ǾɽţƺôСǿ
Ϊ֣ղλʦ壬ȻԼ͸ԼڵΪôλʦ壬Ȼʥ侳ĸ֣򲻿˵ĵز
λʦ壬ټۣԼʱͻƽʥ侳ıǺӣǶҵĺû׼Ҳԣʦ˥ʱɽŴһĻҵһǿĵ۹Ϊ֮أ
ɽҲֻ֪Լ뷨ˡ
ΪļˣûһģοЩˣ֮Ҳȶ໥ѹեʱᵽǸʱ򣬲Լǣȥɻ㲻ˡ
̾Ϣһɽĸ֮£ȻصĺλãҿֻǸĽ֮£ǹ⻷һʯ֮ϣ˯·𲢲ڲʯ֮еİһ
һĻɽһԵúܲĵʦ֣˯棬ѵǿʯ֮еܣѾʧȥԭЧ
ʯɽŵʥʧȥãôôܽԼϣɰ崲أ


461 ƽɽ
һµʱ䣬ƽʯ壬ô͵ڹȥļʮ꣬Ҷ׻ˡ
ԳЦЦΪȻûпʯ֮еܡеܣôûа취ҵɽܡ
̾Ϣһתɽôйǰ
ʦ֣֮ڲìܲ٣ʦкԥ֪ӦδɽЦһʾԼڱȽͷۡ
ʲô飬˵£Ƿܽİ취εҡҡͷڵɽ涼ԡ
ΨھĳЩʱԥԥģӶĳЩԭ÷չ飬ȴΪϣԽԽ
ŵȱ㣬ôҲ˴ˡ
Ͼţܸıߣ޸ĳЩߡЩʱ˾ԽôѹҲԽ
ʦ֣֮гһŻ͸ɵĹϵ˫Ľ飬Դ˱ɽǧءһ棬ϣ£һЩˣƾʦǵȫɱ
Ŷһˣôģɫĵ
һˣϣӮ۸ӣȻµɽҽǺӵ˵Ĺϵϣ뷨ȡڵĶܵ۹塣ɽƺ֪˵ѯʣ򵥿ݵĴ
ôڶ뷨ˣô˵ģֵ
ӵеڶ뷨ˣҪΪУеȫԴ˴ɽΨҶôǧ֮ȻҲûɣɽŶԿɽ˵ڶʱ򣬱ҲȽŨأҲõڶ
ɷе
Ҳеģһϣϣɽܰѳӹ֮һ϶ܵ۹Ļ壬ӵй̵ĵλ£һЩɣһ˵ĴͬʱɵķչټɵδǿǣǷҲѧܻ֮󣬱⼸֣ԴδɽŰȫʵɽ͵Ĳݰ֡
Ҳַ֪̫ˣʺڵɽžơΪڴңֻɽŵǿ󣬿ɽŵ۷սȴ˿֪ط
ܺãҲá
нַȫס֮󣬵ͷȥ֮󣬽ַ֧ĺȫҹȥյĸۡңһһһ͵ġ
ʦɽеɵĵ
㲻õģȻᴦġ֪ɽڵʲôǵΪЩ˵飬Ŀʯܣʱ䡣
ǾͺáɽеҪ˵ֲ֪οڵӡ
һĻֻʵ˵ɣ㻹ʲô飬Լ޷ڶʱöעģڶԸ˵һ顣
ʦ񡣡ɽЦһȻҰմʦķԸȺŵȫɽۻᣬһ½δľơԴҷ֮󣬴󲿷ֵɣѾӦǵĺ٣µĸ֣ǰɽţþסɽ֮ϡⲻǵľ÷չҲɽŵɽ˵һ飬ǡԥһ£ɽǼЩԳΪߣһ֮ԼΧ֮ںаԵˡǵɽ֮ȥôɣŪɽ֮ϣҲкܶʱסɽļ壬Ѿ½뿪ɽЩ˶ǶɽţĹˣȴ
ɵó˭ִӵĵӣڸʲôȻɽҪ˼ʲôһŭĵ
ȥóϣȥħѰҴʦʱˡڵóʢڱǸ˵ĹӣԴӴʦ֮伣κˡɽᵽʢʱһŭı飬ɴ˿ɼʢôĲִֵӣǵΪ̫ͣһɵɽ¶ˣôǻԸ㶨һЩΪɣҥ£ִӵӵΪûа취οִӵӣҪ˼ɵӣϾԷǷĹ鲢Ϊǵ飬ЩɣɽŵӰʮֲõġ飬ԺΪϣԴСС»ޣһЩ˲ģҪøĺôһЩˣΪԼõ˺ôӶôߣɽŵִӣӵԹ
ʢҹȥͺһֱûִµȨλϣǿá˱ȥһȥ֮󣬾ְһˣ滻ʢĵλΥĻô̾͸£õıǺӣүǸʱȻӦԡִӵ飬ȥ˵ɽŵĵ̣һƵĵطκһȨЩɵҪԼΪ͵λɽĵΪôһɸ£ҷˣһɸɱס˵õĶԷıΪɽŲǸ˭ұôǰˡһ˵һͨȻֵЩΪߣִ޷ˣôҲõģһרŸһЩܿʥ֮µκһˣʱִӣȻԳͷκβȫɡ
ȷɽȵ
ȻСԼ֣Ӱ棬óһЩϣȻƾʮ֮һɫ״ķɽǰַڲ沼һħ侳֮µˣһڣôͻᱻħʴӶʧǣֻܹԹԵıִӵĵá
ɽùȥϸһۣԼúøһ£òŵȻһñĶôɽţʲôɣ
ԣ뷨̫ˡҡҡͷַҪԪ֧ţҪһƣʮڵֻƳʮˡÿһѣҲֻʮԪ̫ͳܲסˡ㽫ִַӵӵʱһҪǣʮ֮ûҸԪ
ģʦһ˵ġɽĵͷʾԼˣƳĵһԼУʦ֣󲿷ɵѾǵɽ򣬾Ҫһʱ䣬ҲֻʣˡǻһСֵȻûǰɽ򣬶һʦΪӦδã
ڷôдģһʯʵ
ʦ֣ȫǰҪȥģǲǰôȻҪɽɫĵ
ȻˣôͰдҽһЩʹվһɲ͸ȥǽҲҪκβǰֿɽŵˡ˵⻰ʱ򣬱࣬˲ֱӡ
ˡɽͷ
֮⣬ʲô𣿡
ʦ֣ʦûˡɽ񶨵ҡҡͷȻôʦܣҾٴθˡ
ȥɣ
ɽתֱ뿪˽ء
뿪֮ʯʦʦĶ΢е㳤ˣϵԸ񣬽ӦôأܲܣһӶϰɣ

ͣһ֮̾ϢһȻˣҵΪѡһܸɽˡ
ɽйӣЩӣηǸɽǰԼˣ˸޷ɽֻڽӴ
ʦᵽʱ˼άľˡվ˼Ȼվڴǰϵʦ㵽ΪʲôͻȻҾԲţʣô
ҼǵǰĻôһֱ˼ʯܣǹȥô꣬Ҳûнʯ˼ӵɻ󲻽⣬ʦҵĻôߵӣҵӦβܽʯƽ
ʱϵԲŲһ¡
ôһ£ͽĹâȫʯ֮ϡԭ⻬ʯ壬̷һâֱʡ
˳ʯ巴ĹâĿ⣬˲Ϊʯ巢Ĺ⻷棬һͼͼ棬һط
ǸطȻǶܵ۹棬ľɽ֮һɽƽƽɽ
ƽɽɽ
飬һ𣬽ֳһ˿˼մ˵ɽǴӴ½֮ϣߵɽ֮ġôɽ²Ĺ⻬ôԵóۣɽʣµĲ֣ҲӦǹ⻬ģһƽɽϵһģһ
Ҳ˵ƽɽɽܿһɽ塣
һɽ壬ôһǷʲôأ
ǲôɽʯ壬صİأȻƽɽôƽɽ֮Уһʲôأҵȥһƽɽϸ۲һ²źá
˾֮дһţȻݽɽڵĵطδ֮ڣоϣн˵飬ô͵֮д
֮ڷ˳ȥ
ףΪȻ֮ߣʦˡ
ȥķƺȥƽɽ
ƽɽƺһϤ֡
һߵˣŲһֵ֮ƽɽɽĸڣʯ֮ϣ̵ڵذ
ԭˣҼǵʦʧȥټĵطҲƽɽһƽɽָ֮һµĴ𰸡
ҼǵʦҲƽɽʧٵģƽɽһʲôأϧ˵Ϊ̫޷ƽɽ棬̽һ
ǰڣֻǸСӣܽ棬ƽɽʲôأʦǷ񻹻ţţôǵδͿԽˡ
Ѱڹӣֱ
һ̾Ϣ
ˣȻǾǿɽŽأʣµʦ塣ȻǱϣκ飬յɵġ
ֻԼǲǲܣǹܲˣΪǵޣְԼʦֵԼֻɽŵĽ档
ʦܹʲôԸ
Ըһ롣ףˣڵԸȥĳ⵺ȻһңҲһػʵۣͷ
뷨ãܶ飬ûаݹʵۡ
ȻҲΪãôǾôԼˣʦֹܼ̳ɽŵ־ôǾ뿪أȥ⵱ȥ
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ʦոһᣬֱô㶵飬ûнˡȻʱƽɽ


462 Զɸ
ƽɽǴ½ɽ֮һ
ܺأҿ㡣ɽ֮ϣûֲһСƽԭһ㲻㣬޷ɽ֮ϣֲֲ
ֶȻҪ
ͨ˵ƽɽɽһĵطһֵҲûСߵƽɽɽȴһء
Ϊƽɽ֮Լȶ˵Ļ
ȻȶҲƵģֻȶ侳֮µʦÿֻµʱ򣬲Чǿʱʱ棬ƽɽ֮ϣ˴ڡ
Եϵƽɽʱʮֵļžûǰҡ
Ư֮ϣƽɽƽأЩڲͬأԼЩɽʯôɺ͸֣̽⣬ƽɽԼҲƽɽڲǧ֮أϸ̤еİأȻûκνԽˣôԼԽ˷ܣԽġ
Ϊʲôأ
Ϊκδ֪ʵڵĶԼڵɡͺɽŽǸʯһ꣬û˿Կ͸ԼһżȻĻᣬܷеİأͨʯİأҵƽɽ
ˣʯ塣
Ȼ˹Լһʯӡʱ˿̣ʯƽɽ˱ȶԣ˺ܶڲͬĵط
رʯ·ƺƽɽϵơ
ѵѵʯͼģƽƽɽİأ
˹Ȼæʯϵ·ƽɽ֮ϣȶԣҵȥŹһʱ֮ˣ·ĵ̡һ̣ƽɽͺһСĽʯ塣
ǲУӦȻʲôط·Ǳص󷨣ûбԴƽɽİء
ͣƽɽߣһ۲ɽı仯ҴѰĳЩء֮У󷨵Ҳõ˼ǿ
Ȼߵĳʱ򣬷ָ󷨣·еȱݣǵˣﲻӦûһС󷨣ֻҪϣôˡ
ǣӦðʲôأ
޵󷨣Ϻ󷨣ڤ󣬾Ŀɫ󡭡
һʱ䣬Ժ棬ֳһ󷨣ȻԺһȻ뵽һ󷨣һҲϤ󷨡
ļǵãΪ侳ʱʦȥɽŵĲؾڲȥۿ׵ʱһżǸż棬ͼһȱȫ󷨡ʱʮֺѧģѯʦʲô󷨡
ʦʱش˵Ǵ˵һǣںİأɽŽ֮ĶԴɽŽ֮о󷨣ǲôоûа취ʩչչֳЧ
ҲΪˣ󷨽̭ʧȥɽŵĿأΪһӵĶż֮󣬲Ҳûп󷨣ҲûڼǸʱãԼһӣõ󷨡
ǲ죬ȻѵǸʯ壬ɽйأֻнܱ
һ뵽̰ԼϤǸص󷨣һĿ̻ڵϡɿ̻֮æԪע档
ĻԪ룬󷨣ĹʡʣͺǺ¥ܴһĻ
棬һصĸۡǸۡܺΰкܶصĶɢĹʡۡ棬һЩӰ
Щ˵ףȴԿóǵΪǿ󣬲˿
ģĻ棬մﵽ˼㣬ڿǸ֮ۡϵңȻźɸĸ֡
ɸȻǺɸ
ˣûԼȻط˵еĺɸ
ݴ½֮ϣϵĵ伮ءȥ֮½ĺģǸطֹǿˣݺأӵгϣԶԶǿˡĴۣ۷ʱڣҲЩǿ
Щˣŵʱ½֮ϲûʲôĵطǺȻһ죬ؾޱ䣬Щ½뿪䣬֮У½֮ϵͨǣʼӵΰǴ½֮ϣһʦ
Ϊĺģ֮½ȵĵʦеģҲȿʼģ֮½ǿޱȡΪӵʦʱҲõ伮صȥ̽⣬ѰЩԶ˵ĶѨ̽ΪʲôʧİأϾЩҪʦǿˣôŪǣΪʲôʧ٣ʦͲܰ
Щ˵̽⣬̽һ˵ĶдᡣЩ棬μĴڡ
һ˽̣һ˽ɡ
̣ʦ˫Ͷ֮䣬Իأʦǣ֪֮󣬾ͽΪʦڣ꾴ݡ
һɵˣȽأԶˣȽϳԸкܶԶˣǸɵĵӡ
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رͨϵ˽⣬̽⡭˶µĵ伮֣Ψɸ̵ɸûб֣Ӷź
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ʦǼ̳Զ˵ĵ伮Ҽ޸ƶɵġҲһЩǸǧݱģǧʦӰ죬ҲǱȽԶġ
ƽɽʯ壬󷨣ݱ˺ɸôǷ˵ƽɽյĺɸڵأԼĲ²ģôһż˵һЩطԽԼΪԶ˵ĵز
ܴﵽԶ˵ˮ׼ôҪ˵Ĵ½֮½ԼҲԺߣηˡ
һ뵽ʮ˷ܡ
˷֮һֿܡǾɽŵʦǷɸйϵôܵõƽɽƽɽɽ壬һɽţصʯأ
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ƺһ磬Ǹ棬˻ԪδʮҪ塣ƽɽ֮£Ķֲƽɽ֮Լء
˽ȥ̸оԼ·һ磬λĺͰȡǸһʱ䣬߹ܶط
ȻоһǿϢǣ˹ȥϸ鿴һ£漴ǹǿϢȥ

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ʯһ·ȻͣԼĽŲǰ治ԶĵطΪһʯȥϸһ£ʱޱȡ
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һνɸԼǿ޽ΪɵĳЩ壬һЩ⡣
ÿһʱ䣬ͻһЩ⣬ΪֲסףǶɽʱ׽٣Ҫֲʮ౶һαһεӣһαһ׺ݡ
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رƽɽɽķŲƵ֮ϣúɸ󷨣ƯڿС
ˣɸͳ׳٣ҲûгֹˡɽʦҲ֮󣬴»ص˺ɸ
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ãԣǱȽϴġЩϣԶˣôԵ޹ʵأ
ֻΪʲôЩֵԶ˶棬ȥûз֣йԶ׺䶥¼أ
˼һᣬҡҡͷϾǴ濴ģǸǺߣͨͨ˵ֻ߿˼صĵ伮ӶĳĽۡˣֻЩԶ˶ˣзȨɣ
ˣ̽˵ص˵
벻ͨеİأǰҪ˵أʲôڲͬʱһʱéݣéǰ棬ַһʯ
ͬģʯ棬ҲһЩ֡Ȼ̵֣ɽʦʦүľȰ棬ҪٵĶࡣ
ּصʱȴ˶ˣΪʯ棬ٵݣϤΪصˣʦ
֣ʦ꣬û㹻Ϊ˵ءӵ㹻Ϊطʱƺһֱû뿪ɽŲŶԣΪʲô±ʼأ


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ļǵãʦʱ򣬲ûκε״ʦΪڻٰʮ꣬ûκε⡣
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ҲһֱȽɻ顣Ϊ飬֮ܶʱ棬ڼ飬˼ʦΪʲô졣
Ϊϧʦμǣڴ½֮ߣѰʦĺۼ֮УȻûзκεɵ㣬ǲףʦΪʲôĪ
ܻɵĵطѾԼ飬ϧû©
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ȻԼɺϵĻᣬ͸¹⿴ʯ֮ϵİأôʦô꣬ҲпܣеİأοʦүһĴˣһֶΡʦпܲ͸ʯİأҲ֪󷨣ӶǰƽɽҲһܵġʱӦʥ侳ˮ׼޷˵أôֻһֿܣʦթը֮ͻ侳ʥ侳ǰƽɽͨʯİأ󷨵սƽɽڲʦүµ·ߣƽɽ棬ѰҺɸıء
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뵽ܣԺ֮еɻ󣬺ȻҺ
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ߣɽʲô˼ôҲһϢ
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Ͼڵɽţе̫ţʧȥ˴ҵ֧֣ôɽžǿҲʧȥģԴҲŻᶯҡ

ںڰ֮еִӵӣǰ֮˵ۣʱһŭգúܲرЩûиĸСɽųϣɽչ˵ִӵӣɽΪңɽΪҫԲκһˣڱ˵ɽŵĻ
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ڵʵȫЩСĹ۲ǣǣһҪѡʱţֱ˷ʱ;ġ
Լµۣźִ£Ҳ΢΢̾ϢһʵҲףΪʲô߲ҪôҪôš
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һʮǿɣͬ½δֶΪأ
ȻҲֻ뷨ˣΪһִӵĶӳɽŵִ£棬ɽŵһУ뾭к;
ִӣҲ棬Ҫһ֧ûֻôʮ֡

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ˣˣӣšڿɱǵˣԼߣҲԺЦȪˡ

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ͬʱҶڴţ켴ٰɽᣬǸʱɣƾԼݣɽ


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ϵ飬ĵȶİţһЩֵķϣ˱֮СرǶԸȪţ塭ĳǿԲֵģǰҪ󣬼ӴɽĽأϣɽĵֿöԷͻȻ֣Ҳܱסɽ̫ʧ
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ЩҪ㱨顣
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Ա֤ɽκʧǲɽţڱҪеػػȴȽѣΪģһεĴ֮ϣðɽģɽ˵Բһ顣
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ɨ˻ģһвסˣﵽȶ˷Ҳǲܡ
Ŀǰ˵ҲֻɽһˡϾոջָΪûжãǿ٣
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οǺӣսôȻͻˡӱǺӵ츳һͻˣôΪԲͨʥ侳ֿģŪһˣͿסʱ򱱹ǣô죬˭ǣǣ
һ޴⣬һ޷ش⣬ֻܾĵȴھɽʢӣֻʣһʱ䣬һжٿˣʤκνһȷĴ𰸣ǸʱҲͲüˡ

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˵Ψһһɽĵ飬ǾǶܵ۹߹ȥɽѰҲ
ƺûΪԭ򣬶ĻԼʵҲ⣬Ȼһ꣬òǶʮӣ꣬ȫӵд߹ʸ񡣸ο½֮ϣǺƽ顣
ϾҶôҾͶᣬ˥ϣôȻ޷һء߹ɽķԾӣҲûκ˵ĲԣûȻҶеĵ
߹츳ܺãѾﵽ侳۷壬ڸһʱ䣬˵ͻͻƣҲΪһʥ侳ĸ֡ʱ붫ܵ۹֣ؼ顣
ܵ۹Ļ壬ȻҲڰУƻǵɽʢᣬҲǿԽܵģϾǴ½ף½֮ϵĵһ壬ֻҪû֮ģôȫ붫ܵ۹Ļ֣һԿ
ֻϧǵĹϵ̫ãԣҵľ붫ܵ۹֣ҲԸôġ
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Լ˫Ŀɢһ֮⡣
ԭˣɷһһӡһӡ棬кܶЩ棬˸صĶͬʱˣԶǵԭЩԶˣѾ࣬һ֡
˵ǱͲˣصһֻ֣ԶʶףҲǰڶԼΪŬعˡ
˼άôЩԶˣܿܲˣǳΪһֻ֣ҪԼһ̧ͷͿܿ죬ЩԶˣֻԼϲˡ
ɣɡԼûв´Ƭ죬Ҫһ֣Ǹ˵еԼڵʱգƿ֮¡ֻǸһڣϾֻӵһôںɵ̣һʲôأ

ӵվһԼӹǡ
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һǺӣеڴһʱգɽʢӣѾԶˣԼȥ֮󣬶ȻǺӣʱԼͿԺúøһıˡ
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ǵɷʥ侳ƪʱ򣬴һ㶯ûУҲҷһʥ侳ĺɷѾԶԿˡ
ںɷصʥ侳ƪɷ֮ϣиһķΪԶɷƪǲǿķ
ʥ侳ķǧľôԶɷĺɷʲôģ
ԶˣǱڵʥ侳ʦҪǿʮ
̾һ£漴һеȫȫĽ֮УŬ޷ľ磬˼ʥ侳ƪĺɷ


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ʾǵԤıʧˣʵǰɽ֮ǰⰲһЩɣǰŻ׼ңɽŵע
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ڲǺڵʱ򣬶ܰһǣڼȥһôǵľƻӵĲʱɽʢᣬɽŵĵλôǾûа취ڷˡ
ǱҪȡλȡסɽŵԴͿֻӦһʲô취ǵźͰԵأܲܣվɽӲսɣȻһı£ǴҶԼʵֻһﲻһ޷۷ǿɽɽŵĵϣôûа취ȡġ
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ģһҲӡѾǣھ͸ܲϢ֮еĸ֣׷׾£ڴܱߣһ̴Ӵվ߳ռɽ򣬲ɽΪ㣬ɽԾʲôĵطôֻҪܶסһᣬͿЧʱ⿪ԿɽųԲ˶ߡʱǾܳưһҲ޷λá
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ʹţҲ˵İţԵʱֻҪܹͬˣȻʲô޴ʧ
ʵڻһɽŵĴҪ֪ǸӱǺӶɵˣ˹ȶ֣ô˵Ϊ൱ĸߡ֣ôԿڶʱ䣬дɱ޷סôǵδʮֲġ
Ҫ⣬һҪҵ취סǲϧǶڣǵΪ㲻ôҲԶһʱ䣬ǳûˡ
ˣһʱ䣬λǰӣѰҸԵϢ֪ʲôţҽһ³ɹǷʲôɹ
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ҵҲûҵȻ˲ٴţǶûмǱ˳֣޷ȷǷ֡
Ҳǣ治֪Ӧΰ졣
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ˣ˵˭˻һۣʾе㲻Ĵʵ
ˣѯˣ˺ǿ󣬲ôѯʣ޷ʳֻҸˡ
飿
ŵĸüɣȽϴΣκһˣվǵ鷳ߡ
ΣڵĹؼǼǲ⡣
Һ֪ʱ̣˭ôģҹǰֲԸͷ¶棬װŪģȴǽӼ
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ţȻˣôǾһûʲôʧҪܴõϢô˵ãԾ⣬ǽúÿλͰɡ
ȥǽעΣҪ˿

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ȥ֮ɵĸͣʼ˼ķչ·ߡ˶ʮӣһνˡ
ˣһһˡ
ǡ
ָһˣȻ󹧾վһԣȴķԸ
һۣЩҪԼ˵ĿˣŸӻ֣ȥȥ֮ԽŸΪ׵ɣѯʵǺˣΪʲôҪǰǣ
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Ȼڸλ֮ϵˣǵ䳰ȷ֮󣬶ʱһ˪ӣһʧȥ˾ͬʱð亹Сȶڲš
ΪǺϤԴԼԼĶͷ˾һѪпı֮УɵʱЩϣвҲҺ£Ϊǵһݽɫ飬һ֣Ҫ
ҲΪʲôʧ̷֮ȨĹƣȡʤԭ򡣵ڣǵһλʱĳˣҲҶλΪˡ
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ߣɽǲģؽǶԵġ
λʦǵ뷨ǱȽϲģҿǿ԰ִȥƶɣҪЭǣסķˣǹؼ
ţǵΪָ֪ʲô˿İ취ôȻõķˣڵΪ֣Ȼ԰һǣ׵ġ
ʱ֣ǾɽʢᣬԿӮһЩӣǸӵΣǲӶһЩķӦ
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ܺãмҪ䡣һڿʼǿԳħǵĻ𱣻ǵİȫڶղǸԼǵˣһȥ֮󣬾ͽǴһڡڿʼפأҽϣκһ˳롣̸뿪פأǰܻ壬ħ壬פأǵЭ̣֣һԿɽšҸԣ޷ɽţôɽŽһȻҲ޷ƣ֮ϣΪȻɣЩɣҲ޷Ǿ
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ܵ۹Ļʵۣ۾˼һᣬȻԼĻĿСߣΣ
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ܵ۹Ļʵۣƺ¶˾ģֻԼĳӵĽ

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֪ʲôҪ
һ̣Ϊʵ۵ϣ˲Ͷ˷ô̿֡


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Ҳһ㣬Ҳڡ
Ϊ֮ĺֻϵĺ˾ʥҪƴҲͬġǸԸǱڵƽ⣬֮以ѹեĲĵ̣Ӷﵽʢĵز
ۺ˵ħֻͥһݵĺ󣬶һȶѡڽŵ˵һ㡣
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һΣһҪԼɣκε

ڿʵ۵һ˲䣬Ժ֮Уֳ޸ܣ޸⡭ЩͿܣһ˲ɵģԲûӰ죬ʵĽ
䣬ʲôҪ
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Ҫ֪λʵۣǶܻʷϣ֮⣬һС־Ըɽӣ˷ɽȶ½۹µʢԴ˴ﵽյĶܵ۹˷мСǧɳжġ
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Ҳʱҵһ취ȵ۹ڵǷϣ۹ʧջҾһĴѾ֪֮ͣǿָܻǻ֮ǰˮ׼ԵǧĻ
ǰһᣬԼץסôδⲻܽڵľȻ
ʵ㹻ǻ۵ģһ˼һϵǰľƣеĵ
ŻѯʣееҪ֪ԼʲôôҪԼӶԼǣԿȻһµɽš
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Ѿˡʵ۶Źʦ֪ͨ׼ɽɽ֮ϵľɫ


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ڼǰɽžһگʾ֮еĴѾ̽ħʱ죬뿪ǡ֮󲻾ãɽŻϵݺ͵λԭĶϱۡô겻һת˵ϻţŪЩȺ𣿡
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ߣҿһıλ˵ˣ죬һЩƫԶĵطЩûǰɽɣһϮɵפءڳֵ棬һɸȴ޴߿˰ɣɽţڵõϢ֮󣬲ûǹͨΪ˾ٰһʢᣬȻʩչ֣Щ޴߿ǿѹɱȻգɱһ֮ȶɽĻңȴ󷢶ͻȻϮЩûйɣȫ𡣶ҽֻ֮һЩ۵СɫҲɽĹ㳡ˡкܶ췴ûгɴ˿ɼһжɽŵıǽջȻԼĸɣʱչ̣նɱжڼ޷ڸǵʱʩչֶΣɱһЩɽŵҪҵȣɵһŪʵ̫ˡ
λֵ˵̫ˣΪһεɽʢᣬɵĸ֣һֻˣ￴ɡǹǰµΨһ֣ɽڣҵǣ˵һ춯صսһս˶ˡºȥɽŵۣѰ취ɽ˿ܣ˵Ҫ뿪ҪȥҲͬ⣬вңңһ뿪ɽôǾ̽һɱһһ֮䣬ҲΧţʱעҵ٣ѵɽŵİ·񣿡
أҵ޶ҵĸĸҵֵܣҵʦֵܣҵĵǡһεĺƽ֮йˣǹ԰һţֻʣһ˾ˡһȥηչɣδ

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ΪԼѾɽŵĶ棬ôͲӦ÷һ·ߵڣֻſ԰ȫĻȥ
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ʵ֮ǰ֮ûг֣ЩԼԣΪһĿġϣһε飬ܽԼԣԼԼɴڵжԵˣͳͳΣϣ֮ܽЩԼĹ뷨ֻӰɷչҳҪһԣе˶
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رЩվڿԼѣȻ˲岻׵֮һбȽ𺳣ӶΪԼδ
˼ʱ򣬾ͼĿɨ˹ʱһֱӹڵģϣԭǡ
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һɽ̾Ϣһɽţڲʱ䡣Խ飬ĺܺá
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Ļһÿһ˵ģǲϣҲˡʱʥǰһֳȵ̬
ʥպʥµæ˼ڵңĶ֣ΪҪ׷ңôҲܡ
ǵģʥҲѣҲͣ˽Ų

һתԼĵˣûʲô˵ˣôҾѡȥˡ
ʹߣħĹվ
£ĹϣΪ֮½ľѪţ֮½ĸĽĴ½ôҲΪΪ֮½Ĺףδĺô
ջħϣܳΪԼʵĺܡ
ȻʱһֱĬڲٳĬˣӺǰΪƾԼٶȣ˵أ
Ȼŵĵ
ȻţôһԡԼ˫֣ƺһֵ˼ҲûСһԵȻоܶѹ
ر׼뿪ʱ򣬺ȻԼ壬·˼һ޷ŲһܾǰһţΪԼ޵СǺһ룬Īıסˣôһ£
ǲǺܾҪ֪ʲôʱסģ
ҵΪ˵ܿסҵ塣ͷ
Цһ£һԼӹǣʮ֮ǰһûֻҪԸ⣬κһǰҶܽ


475 ݻĵ
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ڵλãһֱɽŹ㳡ҪСʱҡ
ЩɣǴɻȥˣٶȷУҲ˶ʮӣŵҪֵĵط
ţʹţȪɽ֮ϣһʮط㡣Щ㶼ȽΣұȽϷɢĿؾɽ֪ǵ뷨֮󣬸һѶˡ
ǵɵĸˣϵһʱȴﾲĵģ·һûƵġ
ô£
ѵǣı˸ɵˣ
ΪʲôһҲûп
ˣ̷ɢѰһ£ҪˣҪʬԲܷŹκһֿܡ

ɵĸˣֵһͷȻɢԼɵⷽϵԼµˡȻһСʱ֮һؾۣȴһɫȽѿ

ǰǵһҲûб֣ɽŵˣҲûпеΥ̫Ĺ۵㡣
ţѵˣǵİţڱ棬ǵһɱˣǣˣôҲӦһۼҷ֣طһսûзǵˣûƵġ
ֻһ㣬⻹м㣬ܶһĪĶ˵ܻһЩ˿ġ
ΪӦ̣һȥȥɽȻ̻ȥǡǼɢɽȥ̽ͼ飬ȷÿһ㣬ܹŪ֪巢ô
ȻˣҲֻôˣɢȥѰңôҲͲڽˣȷԼȥļ֮󣬸Էɽ㳡ɣ
ţôʹţ͸ɣ
ʹţô㣬ȫȨǻȪŰɣ
ܺãʣµı㣬ȫǽţûʲôĻǾжɣҵģǻΪô鱨뱻ľ棬ᱻɽҪЮλһҪȫУǧ·ϵ飬ⱻץסᣬӰǵļƻ
˵ĺãȻˣôҾͳˣɽ㳡
ɵĸˣͷȻٵĳԼĿصȥ
жʱȴûע⵽ǵͷ֮ϣһ˶Բ򡣶ǸԲ棬һȺǷϵʦһεĶ濴ɵĸͷΪ˷飬Ѿ
ȴܳ˵ǳɸˣҲ޷ΪڵĵطȫĴ½֮⣬ֻҪ޷ĸԲ߳ôǾ޷Ĵ½κһ˹ͨͽ
Ĵ½ˣǰôҲ޷ǣͺǿһ

ɽ㳡֮ϣɵˣ˿֪ԼɳȥˣʲôڵǣڴŮ񣬽ߣ˥񣬽ǵϡ
ֻĿ·ڿɱǾͺܸˣҸƵġȻҲǼ֮ǰǿԼɳȥˣһɱʱɫʱ·һ
ʥĳ֣ĵƺһҲµı飬ֲˣΪһʥնɱôʹ壬Ĵ½Ͽɣôʹ壬δһʱʢ
˵һʹ顣
Ȼɣɽţ壬ħͣǶ壬࣬ôǾͲԸ⣬ʥĴ½ϿɣǵڿǷӦó֡
Ȼʱһˡ
࣬ǵѣĵˡ
ʥϲּˣǲϣʥɱǶʵ̫ˡ
ʱ̣ΣǶҪػԼ档ɵĸһֿۣ˿ԼĶˡ
ǵĵͷ֧£⼸λ׷վôҲ˵Ĵ½Ŀˣôһ棬Ͷ֣ʵеΥĴ½Ĵ½ƻӰġħʹߣʲôôҲӦɽŸΥ½Υͼ
½֮ǿߣشߣҲѾ½ѡУӱǺӣнľϾҪΪһѻϣܽƷȻ󽻻ɣɣܽ˳֣תǺӣñǺܵõĴ½ĴУӴӵб½ս֮½ܰսʤֻܱķȫûκεǺϡ
ٺˣħӱǺ֮⣬½֮ϣΰĶܵ۹壬Ǵ½֮ˣӵвþһеȨԾô뷨ôҲҪܻѶǴɽдǵ۹˵ȫһӻȨΪɽǣѾ½ΪУ۹ΪУôǽڶܵ۹£һɽţֱλãߣ
ɵĸ˵ǿ޷
ǵĻ棬ǰɱģÿһ仰ڸܺáΪһɱôħǶܵ۹лʥɣһ𹥻ɽš
ϾκһˣκһϣԼܱߣһδˣǶԼİȫʵ̫ˡ
һǱȣһ£һʶעǷľٶвԼİȫҪӦġ
ǻո²ãһʶҲ׷׷Լˡ
ʹ˵ĺܺãʹߴˣħˣʲô⣬ʲôԣӦýǴϣɽţϣϣܹһ´½ĺƽȶܽʹߴˣȫȫħôħ޸мΪ˽ϣΪԸ⹱׳ϮľλһҺˡ֮ϣҪһУնɱħʹߣôԲħжԡ
ħĻҲ˵ĻһСҲǶܵ۹ˣδӦ˵㣬ӦɴҾġϣǴ̸һ¡ֻҪϣԸ⽫ͥôδһʱ棬ͥΪɽĺ飬Ը⽫ͥĿǰռĵ̺˿ڣȫɽţ֧ɽţӶܵ۹һǿʢĵ۹ǵ磬ĺΪӻ
Цһ棬һޣʲôʸǶܵ۹֮ڣвǶܵ۹Ļ׹ݣвǶܵ۹ڵĴɳϣʱһЦĶܵ۹壬ܲסˣվǼͳЦһħͥȻԴǵĵɵĺܺãȻ̵֮ʱ棬ͽǸǸı½ˣƻ½ȶסֱΪǴ½Ϊǵ۹˲ѫʿΪʽСߣ㵱ԭ䣬ϲǵĺӵɽܱߣԲص֧ȨƿȨ͢˰ǵĺԷΪõģԷΪ⵽۹ڲż˳һأҪȥʲôħͶһңҪࡣ
ڱһڱһʶ˵ʵ˲ˡ
ÿһˣǻĴ֮󣬶о˷ܡǾ͵ĻôȰ˵Ӧǵ󣬽ǵ롣
û˵ֻڶƺԥš
ʱ򣬶ܵ۹棬߳һȶ˵ŮӡȻŶңڿʱ򣬴ƺ²⵽ĳֿܡ
ȻڵĴҵע£ܵ۹ʵŮӵ֣ƺڹƺȶġڶܵ۹ʵ۵Ŀ£ŶҵŮӣߵǰڻˣֻϧһ֣㣬һûа취ıģοգʥò
ǵģ֣Ķûб䡣ЦЦһͷ߳ҲҪȰ˵ң붫ܵ۹д𣿡

߹ҡҡͷĲ²⣬ȻժԼĶң߳ΪҵҸ
ĻһγĬˡ
ʥʶѾˣһ̿ʼҾŮˡԲϣҲԲҪңһӶŮˡ죬֮վʵֻҪһ䣬ǷԸң߹֮У̺ڴС
һģΪ֮䣬ʵ̫ˡȥֻȶܵ۹ԼݣǱ߹
ڣѾָԼյΪôȫõЩˡֻǣô룬ȴǺ
ѵǰ
ʱԺ棬ĸһ⡣
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǵǲǰ
ǾͿˣڿʼҾŮˣˡ߹ûйĻֱӻصԼӪ棬Ҵ´ԼĶңƺٸڶ˿Լһ
ԼŮ˵ľٶܵ۹ĻʵۺܲĵСߣ֪֪㵽ڸʲô
ҵȻ֪߹ͷ
ôɵ飬Ϊʲôûиɣʵеջ𣬵߹ĸαǻδôôҲ̫ڷŭѯֲ֮òοСߣҪԣôҲһεֱԣǸʱʲôʶ㡣
ʣ㲻ס߹ҡҡͷһˣһ飬ôͲκһܸı䡣Ȼżվ뵽ôʹη壬ģκεĲס
⡭ʵеƻ
ʱһֱڿһοڵһΣĿس״ˣڲ˶ҺͲȵأǶҲ˲ȤͬʱֶҵĳޣһˣôҪʲôͿԵõʲôˡ
˵ģҿû뷨ҡҡͷϿĲ²Ƿ׼ȷı£̾Ϣһ߹ôͻҵԸԷ˵ĵֿǿϧ㲻߹ʼƴĵֿңϣȡһƬԼǿաǺܿϧĿĿҪ޷óˣΪǲɱ㣬Ҳô½һζȥġ
ƾ㣿мĵ
ƾҡ΢Цţڴҹע£ǰ˼ȻڴҵĹע£ĽԼƣӡĶͷ֮ϣֻҪϵΪϵ֮½֮ɢôһж


476 
ץסң㲻ڲɱҵ£ϵҴ֮½֮
Χ˵ķӦѾһ㡣
ڵҲһʼ룬øӼᶨ֮Ĵ½֮ӵıҪٵôҲҪڳλͬ⡣Ƕͬ⣬ôΪĴ½ͬ𣿡
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֮һ½ĸ
ӵ֮һ½ܶ顣Щ飬ڵõ֮ҲᷴĴ½ҪĶ
һѭѭĹ̡
ԲǶܵ۹ĻʵۣħĹĴ½ͨ뷨ʵҲˣĻһڣǰһԳֵ£Ǿһá
ǲֵܳġ
֣ǽǰɣ
ϣϵ֮½ģ㲻Ӧ˽ǵӦõõĶԼд
лİæʣµ飬ȫȨǾͿˣܴġ

ĳЩˣѾڰ⡣
ΪԼҪĶѾҪˣʱˡ
Ȼʱǵѯʣȴ΢΢һЦǸǵĿأǲܽܵģΪҾ飬ͱҪҲΪҾ飬Ƕˣ½˵õġ
Բ˵ʲôôвңҶҪ½еףҲǿвһ޴飬ΪǺܼǳġ
˻
˵һΪǷ˵ʱһԱֵԸԸ£ֻֿܣһܣԸԸ
һԸΪҪʤ£ٶһΡ
Ȼǵڶ֣ǵһ֡Ϊڴҵӡ棬ǰǻΪʥʱĴ·񣬻϶ûбϽһ͡
һ͵ˣǲԼԼصĶЦģһĳЩ飬ٻ߰˳ϵʤ㡣
Դ뵽ʱ׽飬Ļֱ
Ȼʱôһ壬ʱһӣͺ趨õĹһ
ģ콫¡
λϿ֣һϵôǾʲôòˡ
֮ǴҶҪĶԲĳЩСˣݻǵϣһϰɣ
ΪĴ½Ϊȫ½࣬Ҳܷ֮ҲҪĴҡһĺ֮ˣǾԲԴصģһ֣޷ϵڵ֮½δİȫƽ
һܶĿʱôҾͻŽյĶ֣ôҲû⡣кһӦ
һȺӦ£ЩԭֵˣҲò֡ΪǲܲȺҲΪԼȺɥʧϣɥʧõ֮ĻᣬǶ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ԼĶ֣յõ֮ô˵ѣһԼһȡۿ֮ɢô̫ˡڶںʱͬʱԼĶ֣õ֮
£ϳˣһ֣˵Уͨʥ侳֣֮

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ɽţżȺ۵ĵط
Щ˵ΪߵģҲ͵ģΪǶﵽ侳һȻͨˡ
ټ϶һ֮ǵǣԼԣһ˸ӵļͣһ˵ʦԱġ
ڼǰɽ쵽˵صʱ򣬾Ͷǽһһǰһ
Ȼ£˲࣬ԵҲ࣬ΪҶˣɽڴڸļз֮УвͿ׹ٲ֮ء
ҪȣȴȻҲ֪һԼ۾ͻࡣɽǰ黹ǱȽϹҰҲȽżҲһƨɽֺһ¡
Ļ֮£ɽԸ飬һһˡرȥסһЩ鼮Щ鼮棬дĵãҲ֪ʲôʱŪģɽҲܺ档
棬ô죬Ӧô졣׼õĶȫȥ֮󣬾׼Լְ£һЩͶɽŵˡ
Ȼʱɽٳ֮ϣ˾ҲȻ˴սһĻʱɽпմʦֵûдﵽв˵ĵزĳЩˣջûסˡȻʦ׼ô򲻹ҲԴݶˣοһλָʥ侳ѾյǸԱġֻеȴ֮󣬿˵ˡ
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ȥɽţһεս֮УҲ޷ֿ֮ɣǵǰ;ڰ֮С
ΪʲôҸоһι֮˱øţȥյĳȣüأ
ڵչȥϣҪμһεս֮ˡʱλһս档ȻһεսʤĻҲԵõܶԼ벻档
ţһĲʤĻкôʧܵĻɽţҪһεУķ顣
ͣΧĸǱСһЩǧҪ˵ʲôɽŲĻδúܸӡ
ţǻǸϿǵɣ
ȻǵСӵùƿɽŵأɽ㳡棬սʱλɽԼڲ⣬һֱڶԼڵķӦΪЩ˵仯Ȼûа취ӹ۾
Ҫһ취ȶһڲģԴֱֻ֣֮һǴҸŽᣬһǴҵĸɢ׳ΪһɢɳΪһְ֮ȶɽŵδͷչ
뵽ɽ׼ȥһ£ĵ顣ȻʱЩ棬ȻҲɧ
رЩɵĸɣڸܵϹ㳡ϵı仯̱֮üͱһԲϣͿԴ֣ȫ˼ɳϣлԼĶ֣ȫǲһеļƣԴ˵ص˵ʮֲġ
ߣɽһǵŭԹˣԴһֿɽˡ
ɽţҿҪΪˡ
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ƨɽǶɣܱһЩмС֮ͽ𣿡
ǣɽϣб۴ϣΰӱǺӣӢˡټһģȻΥɽԸˣȫ͡
ɽΰʥģʵɣǵġ֣ôΣһ޷ùɽš
ʺΪɽţյĴ½ڵļһ壬ԶԿ½𣿡յĴ½Ϊʱ⣬ĴۣҲ޷һ壬Ťת½ľ档
ţɽע𣬶Щˣɽǵˣע𣬲ܸһôȥ

ߣ˵˭˭Ҫ
ڱøӼҡĳЩˣԷ̱֮˳ͻһѪսһĻ֮󣬾Ʊúܺң
ɽɫ˲úѿ˴ñһ
£ɽ֪Լڲֵôûа취ǰ⡣ӻ֣йΪʮǿĳϣԸǼ֣ǱĵߣŪңȳֵˣֲɽŸɣֻ߲ǵôһɸɱҪɱһӰ٣˶ףطɽţɲΪɱ¾

⼸λϵΪ侳˾ˡ
һ֣ʱһѪȷ磬ЩܵѵˡΪԼдɻɽбսΪɽԹ˲ϾˣûʱԼǷ׷׳֣ɱԼĵ֡
ȻʱɽŵĳϽˣһ־һͷΪ˹»Ұ
Щϣ׷Ⱥ֮ߣһһҵɱ
֮ŭһг֣³
ҲǼأͻҵĵط׷ױЩͻȽСĵطɽŵ̱֮üžͬʱһĿĺ䡣Ϊ֪ѾҪڿʲôˣɽŵĳϣɱȥôǾ
ɽŵĳϣûмɱȥ˵ֻҪþƽôһоˡ
һžԼȺۡ
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ɽв𣿡
ɽҪ½ɽŵģʦġǼȥôĴ½ʦԿʱƻʲôΪһ֮Ӧ
ƨΪͿԴеʦ
ǶʦƽʲôҪǿɽŵľٴ룬ʮֵõҶ˵ʮľٴ룬һҲûƫ⵽˵ķõʦӵ
ܸȺɽŵ߹ֻɽŵƨֱ֪ǷǺڰסڵľƼչȥôɽžͻһٶηչ
жܵ۹ɽŷչһҶʲôԵģѵֻҪĺͶܣɽˣ
ԣƺֳһħ
֧ߣߣѹե粵
ǵۣΪ۵ĺ֮һɽŵʱɽվλ뷨ҸʮġɽҲûһҶµ뷨ǿɽŸЩɣڴ½Ե
Ǹõģ֮ΪҪͳһ½ǽв˵ĶնɱϣΪûǸȤ
֮ڵɺµ뷨ڳǸĿ꣬ڲϵŬšǺʺֹɽŷչʱ򣬸ӦԴɷչ⣬һòʧġ
˵һ仰ɽ㳡ϵ飬½ˣҲɽžʹ˸ҲŵĻôĹۿҪ˶ãǱߵսͻ
ɽƺδ֪һĻո£ɽŹ㳡֮ϵķ粨ĽƽϢˡ


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׷ʲôΪʲôһ˺ҲûУ
ʲôǵĹȻվ
ܣôˣֵĹûôôҲһҲûае㲻·׷ʲô飬ѵɽ֮ϣʲôشڲɣ
пܣҪ֪࣬ͨϣڵķУλʲôʱ˵һҲԷϣڵ棬Ľܣʵ̫ڲͬˡ
ɽžһ޴İǳֿʼһֱܣͨһҲһڹռɽ֮Ŵҿһ̽ɽܣѰҸйɽϢ
ţһ⣬˵ȱôܸɽţвȫ½ʹãһҪɽŸ𣬽ȡΪǴҹͬıֻɽһɵı
ȻҶ뷨ôΪβٴɽŸأ
ţһδҶҪˣֱȫְɣ

ȻȺˣûоʹ˷
һӵ˷ܡϾ˭ıô˷ԴҶŬȡϾûˣῴűԼ߷ߡ
ɽţѾǵУǲܣʱ򣬷ɽŵĻᡣؼڵֻҪŬôͿԸ㶨ڵ
һȴҶɢôҲûˣӵ˵е˶ΪˣǱץסÿһιȡĳɹ
ͺڣǼʶɽܣԼǿ֮󣬾ͷȫĹһʩչ֡
ֻǳһ˲䣬õĹâ
ɽϵĸ֣ȫͷųԼµĹһΪĿ꣬ûж٣һվԭأͷ·Χ飬һϵҲûƵġʱ壬Ҳǣġ
ֻ壬ûдڹĺģټػһҲûУԲ
£˫ͷųµĹ
ǵĹﵽ۷ʱ򣬾Ǵǳð޹⣬·˸ȵ̫һ

һĹݺݴϡ
˵һˣһ̣ͱһ⣬ɻҳվڹĵȴƽվԭأһ˷ܵĿţԼˡ
·ڸߴңǵĹʵ̫ˣ޷ԼһȻ仯ʵ̫ˣֻһ˲֮󣬾ɢˡ
Ϊһ֮壬Ҳˡڵĵطһӡ޽ͷɽŹ㳡Ҳ£׵ıݻ٣·ûдڹһֻôɺ޾ȵĶɽȻڹ㳡λãһ˶ĿӶȴûãɽ·ɽӵһ
һ漣һ޷͸漣
Ȼ漣ոճûжãͱеˣΪҶڶҪʬ壬Ҫ
ڹâɢȥʱûзӰӣ·Ѿһ
𣿡
ΪʲôһҲ޷оϢˣˡ
˺ãûôͲٸ½δˡ
ǿϧһʥ侳ľǿߣΪʥ侳ǿߣȻ˾ͱˣʵһ
ҲˣҵµЩأ֮󣬾ͳ׵ɢˣǶ˵һСʧرʥ侳ĵá
ţһͷ۵顣
޴̫޴ˣѵˣڸǶԻʱµĳѾ˳ĽڲڵǣѾյĶʥ侳ĵáֻҪҪĻҪһݣ׷׿ӡһ£ǾͶˣʱ򣬴˵ԳΪʥ侳ľǿߣʱһڵҪǿ֣ĵģֻǲ֪Ƿģ
ߣҵ츳ǹȥڣһ㲻츳СĻԵټɽŵķ֣ţһԳΪʥ侳ǰߡڵõʥ侳µģôұؽΪ½֮ϣڶĴۡ
ЦΪ˭ΪĴֱۣǳ룬һ֪ˡ
ǲ֪
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