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ݼ飺
ȹ廹ļҶ
竻ŵļҶ
ȵļҶ
ԼСļҶ
ӵǻˮļҶ
Ϊִˣһ£ɫȮȴΪ磬켣ΪҶ竣壬ɱǿߡϷϷС㣬ŮǧɾһҶ


1 Խ
Ʒʲô
ƷǶéӵʱ򣬱˻Ǯéӣֻ
һֱԼƷãպͬѧھưͬʱϷһŮͬѧܵȶĴֻǱ¿ˮȻϷǰ
Щ壬ЩεĲżסСȥҽԺŻ鵥㻳ǲ֮ǰĶʮ꣬еƷˡ
䡭
һ绮գ֮µͬŮ˵Ƣ˵ͱ䣬˺ѿռ׵磬յѩ̧ͷһۣһɵơ
ģҪˡ
˦˦ͷû˶ӿ첽εĲţ֮ǰ磬ǴһЩľ⡣
СӣҪˣϽһܣңһ°ڵ̯˿㲻ȵĲѵ
Ťͷȥƴһ;µĺۼ㲢ûĻȥ£ǿЦүҪ´ˣϽʰؼҰɡ
¶һ˿ЦݣƼһû֮ɫһֺƣǺǣٵȵȰɡǰڵ̯賿ģڲ賿
̤ǰ˵ĵ̯֮ѡ˼ƷȡһŰԪֽˣûּۻۡһ賿㻹ְڵ̯ˣȻļʮʮģʲôǶˣıϡԣٺĵּ̯ۻۣʹ㽻ϲ۵ŮѣҲֹͰڵ̯˿ۡ
һ취˭ҹڵ̯
˽ӹݹȥİԪ󳮣ڴ漴ε˵СӣҲǮҪ´ٸҺˡ
ЦЦ˵ɡü˫Ь
룬ʲôϣ絽˫ʵڲлϼƱǩȺϲƵĺѣôҲٿ飡
ǣһٿǮ̫ˡ˺ʵϣЩֵ̿˵̯ЬҲʮǮһ˫ոѡĶҲʮ顣
ˣ׼ٴü˫ЬĿȴһʯͷסʯͷǺܺÿֻǺͨשͷɫЩͬǳ̦޺Ⱦɫ
˼ңʯͷңһٿˡ˵ĵţʯͷȥͣ¥µģ̫ͣԼ۾ˡ
Ļͬ㵲ѣʯͷһǨլѹֹ̯紵ģֵǮ
Сӡ
˸˵ʲôͱϵɡ
㲻˻شż˫Ьһשͷ뿪֮׵粻ϡֻһשһְЬģͬεҹĹ·ŮɿһЦ
żŮɴĿڣδϷŮɾʲôٴﾾë
һգĵڵŮåԽԽˡ

ϣȴٳû¥ݿ¥µͣŵ˿еʯͷǺȻһЦȵȱӾͶ㣬ð۾
ݻصʮļУĵӶʮ㶪ȥ㹻ҳһˡ
סͦġŸ׼ƵʱһںڰĿռȻһϽѵ򿪣ǰŮˣЦϵܵͲҾоһ°鶯Ƭ
ǰŮӴһɫѩĳȹԼŵĴƣˮŦ׺Ϳ¶СƬѩ׵ķἡͷںڵ糤紺ֱı޵ĺ촽ز߸ͦ𣬱Ľ㽫޳ȱ۾žܸо˵ջԣ̰Ŀ˺һ
Դ٩ĳĿ⣬ϧһ˿Σһڵ²ôһשͷ𣿡
ЦЦЬĶһԣߵ̨Ѳ򿪣ڶʮĸ߶ȣ紵ĺ΢΢Щۡ
ϾҪ´ˣ㻹ϧŭѲϣȴһץסһů񣬴ûꡣĻ𵴡
Ҵһ˵ЩƣԴ
ϧץ֣΢΢Ӳû˫תע㣬Ȼо͸¶쳣ƣϧǺܲ˼飬ӡУһκɫȮ
ʲôˣϧ鿴㣬˿ûΡ
ϧˣЩҵıܿϧӣЦ˵û£
ϧ⣬һֱ˽⡣Щһֱ绨ѩ£ɫȮŮ˲֪ǣϧһֱߡϧΪ湻ˣȻͻᰲֱڣΪ
ȥɡҪְҪˡϧЦѧҵ֮󣬻켣ڸ³˵ϧһ˿ˣֻ֪ҪԸ⣬˳Ƶϧǣһֱû֡
ⲻ˵һõˣ㻻ŮۣСӹ޳ܺɫļһֻϧͬڱˣ㸸ĸ˫ϧһչѧһѧѣϧĸġ
ϧһң͵ˣֻ˼Ůˡ֪ϧΌ
ǣҽԺĻ鵥ʹԴû뵽ľͷô졣
ĸΪŴ֢˫ѾԤϵһˡҲһֱûлϧԵʣͬҲΪʲôһֱɫȮһԵʣȻãǾͷݵĻһѰɡ
ϧһЦؼҵ㣬ѾܶľܾɸоĵЩۣҲؼҡ
䰵ʾζԵĻͷһȣϧŮ֮Ϊ֪Ծģ㲢ûʲôֻһֱûֶѡ
ǿϧǾǿӣоֵסŮ˵ջˣߵ̨֮ϣʱѾꡣˮϣ˲Ͱ㳹״ʪ
ϧûü㣬ЦҸһשͷȥҵǱˣ͸Ͻ¥ԼȥҪûУǾ㣬Σ
ϧȻһשͷûЦһֱ¥ˬ֪ģֻһֱǼʶѡ
ã
ϧЦ˵Ǳĳʶһ׼ĸƽղĺܣСƯƣҪУҲܽ
ߵ̨ĩˣˮҵ˴ϣҳ
ϧע׿Ⱥ޳ͦεıӰǶɵؽ컭֮СͻȻо˳ؿڡ
ϧשͷ׼ȥʱһ׵ٴλգݺݵĺ£աϧɴ۾ǣԭϱߵ׵磬ȻŤתһ˼ĽǶȣеשͷ˹
שͷ˲䱻˷ĩשͷȴһɫʯɫʯ֣µ׵綼ɽȥбһõɫɫ£ƿʼǵ⣬ʼɢĿһ㱻ǹ⣬嶼ǹʱɫɢо鲼ʶɽȥ


2 ɼҶ
ͣ£һŭһɫ𣬶ŭĶһĵ꣬ۿնЩ԰׺ƵɫԵüΪ
һŭ𣬲ûǰָһЩ鶯ӵĿն˭Ҳ޷ţǰն꣬Ȼ׵׵ıˡ
ʹռ㣬ͬλһ㣬Ȼʬˣ㻹ϡǵãʱһ׵籾ϱߵģȴȻת˼ĽǶеשͷϣ֮һɫ׻廯㣬硣
ȻżʱˣɴڻУоǲΣֱĤŭЩʹĽʬˡ
Ժвļ䣬ŭ졣ʬһҶҶող͵һŮҲ˵ΪˣΪһ͵Сݣ㵹ǲʲô飬ǰûǣǣ˵ʥְҵҪصڰвУôܱ˵ץס
Ҫ˵ŮǸеѾͷҲͰˣƫƫŮݲͣۡ˶ͿĶԴҲ˵Ϊ˾һ鷳鷳ովҪ˵˴˼ƶĴԽ塣
찡Ȼ㷢ҽʬ꣬ҲҪתһӵϡÿһȺūţֺǣϷҸŮҸĵ׷̰ѣĵȴף˿ҪȰһضɹɲĪһεĪһΡ
ָһЩǣ̧ͷŴ֮վŲӰѾмҶͬһȺˣעϣԸоȺһŨļ֮⡣
û״оͷ۲ѣĿŶĵǸŮϡһ֮䣬ΪʲôСͬǰε꣬Ҳȥ͵Ůˡ
ŮʮңݰףŸӳȹףµӨ̣ͦ޳زЩģĶȻԲֱȻɬǲѿԺԸ̬֮ɬջ󣬶ʮк˵ž޴ջԺ֮кȻּŮ¶ģͬź۰׵Ȼֻ֮һ̲סͷһ
˼Ȼɫ죬˷עŮһ㵲ѣЩŻ꣬ŭĿӡһվŭȵūţ￴£
ŰĿŮתȻէ֮¸еһ˿ޣŶʮ㣬¶ࡣ
ūŽ˭أŤͷŻȵ˫ӵԲȻŲŭ̬֮ʶ˶Բ۾㣬ӡ֮УһƽԲҶΡΡģʲôʱԹ嶼ɫˣ
벻ĺûҲΪ֮һ㶡رΪۡ˵أǲ˼㡣ض˽˸࣬ΪҵˣڼԸļҶҲǼǵõġ˵ҶҲǴ˼ңֻûˣһΪΪҶ
ƽڸۡҲؾأ۸ӡǴ˿ֻ̣Ǵ󵨵͵ѵľٶǶײΰʲôʱҶ˵ˣ
ΰڷ֮󣬸ǱŭһССļҶһȻҶײһ˳˳ˮܵˡ
ūžͽ㡣ӹ¡һȻҲҶҴССΰŭ㣬ƺҪԽȥ
ŶԷĻĵĿ˶Էһۡں򳤴Ľܳ꣬˶϶԰ϻţΪ仰Ƶ㿴ҲΰĿƶŮѵϣʵ͵ˣ͵ˣѲЩС㹫ӣ˲ɣ治ѼҶ˿ҵߵǷǲɣ
Ȼɫ˲ͨ첻ѡ⣬һŮôشѵ˵㿴ҵȣҵأκһɣ
⣬ѻû˵ΰŭɫĵԲ۾ŭҲ㵱˿Σ
˵꣬ȭͷž磬һȭ˹һȭЩľΰ֮УȻ˿ֲ
ΰסֵ֣סΰƳһ¶֮ɫأĵܻܵǸĲ˻𱬳嶯Ը
ҶȻһʲôǱϾҵˣҲңô룿򹷻ÿأΪ˻û˵һ仰ΰȷˣȻҲ֪ΰΪϾһֱ׷ѡΰΪͷ
ŵסΰӣӱֵʿһ㡣żȻͼʣ¶ıʡ
һ㵭˵Ȼ˵ˣҵҪʣںɽˮ֮Ϊʲô
ЦЦһȣҪһǣұλСȥˮءλС㲻ϰɣ
Ѽ˵Ŀⶼת֮ŵͷ޶˵𿴵¶һΣ
ȻϾͺ˵ˡȻȱȥǵ˭͵˭ѵЩӵܣߵǷǲɣǵʿǵķȣۿһˡ
Ļ΢΢һĿɾĿ㣬Ҷֻǳ˱ӵڳݶ˭֪ϲװһӵʿģ
һ˳ĬʱٴεȻ˵Ҫ˵͵ӦλСĶкӵһҪ
仰һ˲ûʹض޲һš쵰иƨסռ˱ˣֵһҺ˵ģѾǷ顣
ԭַȵɫʱҲЩˣһ˵ǲ͵Ȼġ
㣡ں˵Ҫûʲô飬ҸˡΪҶһҪȥݲݡ
Ļĵ׸һĵ㶮ƨҪ˵к࣬һ뵽Ҫǰı뺷յĻݸкˣ֪ô쭡ϾҵˣҪҲҵ
ţȥɡݾͲˣˮͿˡУҪŷ顣ҲŹ㡣ɫ˵
ǰȴάأøд
ǣүŲ뿪
ΰ뿪㣬һأվûֻ֮
һע£ߵſڵ㣬ȴͻȻعͷŽѣιȻ㿴ҡҲ㸺𡣡
һ仰ɫκ죬žµɢ˵ľЩܣ֪ʲô
ݡΰ̲סŭһĵҶţҪԼ崿Ůɡ󡻹⣡


3 С
һҶȻ⡣治Ҫ
ǣһһûķȥ͵
СԴǳ˰ɡҪһôȥ͵ˡ
ƤͦģһپȻû
ҶǼҶݵ΢ϲһȻȥЩС㣬ǲҪˡ

˴֮󣬶߾ʹֹЩֹſɬǰҲûʲôǻڻɫȮСʱ͵ھӼҽϴ裬żˬж˵
Щ飬ҲڳĳͷɡңĳƷͰ
ģôҵƷûĵŭһ
ʱһĻ㲻뵽ϧ뵽ʱϧźԶľ룬ž΢΢İϧӦûǰȫġ
ÿ
һŭļ򱻺ݺݵһ£Ĳɵ㱻ƵڵأĥŵϵɳʯĥƤѪҺϵʹ̧ͷŭɸոˣȴѾʧ
ѪҲйֻһǰȥһںͬΪҶ˶һӺͱĵҡҡͷĵǰʧܡ
Ҳѹ֣ǰεļ֮СԷԸȫǵС£۸ƽڼҶУҲκһ˶۸ҷ顣ϣһƷûͻƣЩҶǲ˿ˡϣʵҪһƷ߶ǣѹֱ˵ˡ
˦˦ͷߴĵ֮ЩҶ㻹мǼƽϡŲԶȥֻĪ磬ĵһųİ
С㣡
һڼҶոն֮󣬿һӰ֮󣬸Ͻ񣬱ס͡
Զ֪վһŮŮʮңݰףŸӳȹףȻž˵ɫرüëϸֱûп޹ȴʮֵϸȣ۾ģɢĵˮ峺˲ֱӡ
ŮıӰոƵһĻԼ˼ĻѾڸ͵Ů˵ļҶΪҶСûкøеġ͸ѪҺڵϣȾһСƬɳԼոеĻʱɾֵįıӰվûǰȥ㡣
Ӵ
ߵŵʱһ˶ۿȥֻڴŵ̨״һСŮˤڵϣҽϵЬɢڵϣǸողȵԼЬŵ±ˤ
СŮŽţɢžӨ飬ȻˤˣĿ⿴һЩҶȴЩҶ˿ûй˼
СŮ׼ǿվʱȴ׼һ˫ְְĵϵĻҳСŮ˵ˤûУ
СŮ¶һ˿ЦݣҡҡͷûС
ǰɫЩݻƵСŮ΢΢ЦЦӰСŮЬϵãȻһˣԺ·Сĵ㡣
ԭ׼СŮտһĻ֮ҶʵҲܲϵЬô档
磬ѪˡСŮϵѪ
СŮͷЦղСŪˡ
Ļû˵꣬ͼһ˿첽ܹһѰСŮ§סŭĵ˵С쵰ŮҪѧˣһġ
ǰĸˣȻҲҵļҶҲû뵽հŮˣ⸾˾Ȼ
һ׼йһѡǼСŮվƢȻʲôˣҲŵӡ
ҲˣŤͷӿҴžԵ
ۿһĻĿįıӰͻȻоĵ׶µĻţоҶƵġ
Ů״ģ
һ¡ûסıӰ
ŽĵŤͷȥŮ䣬ջų죬ʹЩԶȻȻĶȻͻСȴ¶̬֮
ǰļ֪Ů˭صգҶС㡣
С㣡ɻĿգ֪Էסʲô
㲻ĳƺ΢΢һ֮Уû˭Źƺ
տǰͺ࣬Եÿݻ꣬߳š
˿¶ֻ֮ɫСҲһˣҪʰˡ
ãģүĿ˶ȥ͵һҶ֮дǿҵļ֮⡣Ҳѹ֣ѵòǸ˲ʣ
յĺ棬һ·ĬŵĿ֮µǲ÷
㲻뱻ʰĻֻвϵıǿӡһֱǰŵͻȻתͷ˵һ䡣
ĿԲęջĵգͱˡû뵽Ů˷ҲôãС˵ʲô
仰ɫЩǺ죬ƽͼҶ˵ĸС©ʲôǣһȻֱ׳ı¶ûԼĻ
˵Ҫ͸Ͻߡ㲻Ķ֡Ȼ棬ȴΪظ
ӣʧЦûб·
˵УǶ˵ܡһǿߣǿҳֶԸ㡣
һһļҶгΪǿߵĿܡǾֻһ;ˡȻŭȻ͵Ҳ
ллСˡ΢΢ЦЦҲΪ˵ԼİȻûΪһ仰ŵӵĿܡ
ռⷬģ֪ûаĻȥղЩŭĵҶ治ϵ
ߣ˻ã
ռԼĺĵòرһŤͷ뿪
뿪ҡҡͷǵҸ취ȰѹضɹȥƽȮ۰Խåå¡ðåһ׳갡ǣֻӾһ֣ڶһûʧܰ
ͻȻоҪľǳΪߣֻгΪ߲ܸıڵĴҪǣΰ˵ԲŹġ
߰ûйôܳΪ߰оͷ۲ѡ


4 
ͬǿ飬ȻܷǾͺúõܡⲻ֪ǰλʥͼĴʦ˵ġ˿̾쳣еھǱǿǸˣƫƫǱֱ֡
ĿңǰĽ棬ʣҵľҪǰһ϶һʤأǴ˿ȴû顣ȻոնҶСѱ¶Ĳ⡣ĵҲףȼɭϵ磬ԷҪֱ׾١
һʵ͵ߡ
ߣѷˡǿǱܣӳҲΪˣҪľʲϵıǿֻɸ
ҪʱǿǾ͵ô塣һߣкܶ취ˮҩƣȵȶǴ壬ǿʣİ취
ǣеһдķԶȲһַ
Ǿ׵磡
׵ֳ֮ƺΪ췣֮췣֮ΪáǻҩƵȵȶʶߣҪԶڱ׵֮ߡ
׵ų췣֮ôġߣ׵֮֮٣Ҫǣ׵֮ѰЩ׵֮ȼ̫ͣõҲá룬׵磬ʵﵽһ̶ȵߣֲε׵֮ˡ
Ƭ½֮ϣ˵ڸָ׻飬޵ȵȡЩǿ磡췣ֻ֮ĵȻǴǰеõϢǲľͲ֪ˣǰļʶĹ´˵
Դһǵǹ壬ߵȻѵǸС椵ȷʵƤͬźǣĵʲôҲûˣˡ
ģҵ취ȹѹ˵ȣϧûҪȼﵽˮƽҲͲˡĶͷ
㲢֪Ŷͷʱ򣬶ͷɫ׻ӡ֣ɫӡ΢ĹâֻоͷЩ̣鲻ԽŶͷ˹ȥ
ֽӴӡǵʱĶͷҫ۵Ϲ⡣Ϲ£оʶٴαɣʧȥĿơ
䡭
ʶɵһĿռ䣬ռֻ֮һɫ׻ɫ׻õ廨һ죬ʹɫ׻Ļٴ
㻹δ֮ɫ׻ռͿʼ䣬һˮС׵£̶ʱ䣬ռ˳ǧ׵磬ռһ׵磬ռȥ񱩵׵֮ޱһ˿
ֳ棬뵽ⳡãҲȲռ׵񱩡
׻׵֮У˿Ӱ죬׵磬ȫɣܲ׻׵֮׻ɫŨ
䡭
һֵ׺Уʼתת£һɫĹâӿڰ׹ʶоһɹϢоһըѵʹѰʹ뼫ĥƫƫĥ£ʲôˣֻЩ׹䵽ԺС
ֹ£ܸоʶѣת£ѹȥ
ռ䣬ɵ׻ϵ׵硣׻ת£ӿʶİ׹ʧڰ׹ʧ˲䣬еĵҲͬʱʧһٴλָֻʣװİʶ
㻹δֿҪűʹ֮г׻ָһ׹˸ϲʶٴλع鵽СȻʶع鵽ڵʱͷɫ׻£ٴʧ
ԴŸոհ׹ʹʹɢĲ֮ȻԺ֮ж˲ٶһƬֿڵĹԺƪļ䷱¡
žԵţĹˮƽⲻƬĵݣãƪĸЩڼĴڣͬⲻˡ㵺;ȵǣƪȫ⣬ЩϢӡԺеģûһ˿Ѷȡ
飬㴩ԽҲ˿

̽һԺеϢֹһԽȥе˷֮ɫԽŨ
ʥ䣬Ŀһ֮һΣܵʯΪ𣬻Ϊ棬һжпܡ
ϸϸĲ鿴һʥ䣬㷢ֻܲ鿴һ֮ĺŬ
һ֮ɫͱĹŹһȥ֮⣬ֻʣһźųƵķš
ôɣôоŵ˵Ķ˵ĶôţơǣȴʲôŶûСҲʥ䣿
ֹǷ黰ûʥ䣬ȻӡҲΪ㲻ʶҪǻĵŵ˵õѾˡ
ֹֹ룬ĵĶܱĺðɡͺñȱ˵ĶԶȲԼҵһźǿԡ
뵽⣬㲻ɸ˵Ͳʰ
˷ܵȶŵĽͣڡԭΪڿ϶ҪѲʱ䡣ǣ㵵ǣֻһͷȫȥˡ
ٵµٶȣòšϿ˵һżһ꣬һӶ벻ˡ
Ȼƣ˵ѶҲմմϲĵȻǴϻ۹ˣ̫Ҳãһ۾ܿ
ֹǷĻȴ֪ͷ֮ϣ׻ϹȫΪ׻ܺƿ߽ĵһ
ڵе㣬֪屻׹ơֲƲϵĴ壬ԭԵò԰׵壬Ĵ£ֳ糺죬һݽ֮ɫ
Ȼȴо쳣ӡԽԽ죬׹⣬д
ĸоǿڲϵ
Ķͷһɫ׻˸вϵһ׹⣬׹壬ļϸ˴֮ۺ졣Ĺһ΢졣ÿһδ㶼ܸоԴӵӼС
ǿȣڲϵıǿܿ죬ǿȾʹﵽ˶ƷĲΡٶ֮죬˲
ƷһƷƷǶ̶̼ʱ飬⼸ʱȫڵСܸоڲϵıǿȴ֪Ѿ˶ƷĲΡҪ֪Ȼһ棬ڶ̶̼ʱ֮ڣʹﵽƷĲΣҲǷ˼顣
ߵν״̬ѣҲ˵벽һƷĲμѡЩˣһӶ벻ˡһƷ֮ҪٽһƷȻѣȴҲҪʱĻۡǾ֪ҼҶУһҶҲµҩ
ǣڶ̶̼ʱ֮УƷ޷飡
Ȼ㲻֪ȥǵԵ֮⣬׵Ч㱻ɵ׵Ȼ࣬ɢ嵽ƷȴҲѡ
һͨˣû֮֮ܳд׵磬ȴһ˴û߹·һʼ״塣
һֱҹںҹȫ֮ͣӡͣµͬʱԭ˸ӡҲʧ׹ͬʱʧ
ѹ㣬ĸо帻־ĸоʹǰҲûȻЩɵµʯͷһȭ˹ȥ
һ֮£ȭͷ۵ͬʱʯͷϳֵĵӡǣҲԭءȻʯ֮ϣһۼ㲻ģǰʹ̵ҲЧ
̽һʯǿȣԺ֮еļԱһ£㵵˵Ʒ壿
ҵƷѵֻˣСʱܴﵽ̶ֳȣɴڲУֻʯ֮ϵĵӡʱŽʵ
ŵĴЦܵڶѹ˲䱬ЦڼžҹԶ
ߣȻΪˡ̶̼ʱͳΪƷˡߣǴ˾۸ˡ
ﵽƷڸ֮Ͼ侲ȻʵԶԶġΰʵȻԶԶͷٸһЩο
ȣøϽҪȻҪΰɷΰ۾Ŀ˿ɣΰץᣬ


5 С
ںӰһϵ㣬ڵڶ峿ٴλصҸۡ
С֣ûˡһΪҹˡ̤ŵʱһŭڶ㲻תͷȥֻһųüӱĵע㡣
ʶҵʱͬһֻΪֺùܼңΪҲգһҶ֮ǻõһ
С֣ʲôȥéһ顣ݺͱĵĿ㡣
ָָԼıӣĿݺ˵ں˵𣿡
ݺӦöΨΨŵŵ̬ŭǿ֣㣺ۡ㲻ȥéޣ˭
֮ǰӽé޵ҾûеĺáΪҺҶᷢӲ¿࣬۲̬ȰɣЦݺ
Ӳûݺ˵ӲûôɵǿŲټҶעһЩһЩ۸İѻ̽ȥϾ⻰ҪǴ˺͹ܼҵĶпɲʲô顣
ȻΪҷȻ¿಻۲ࡣǣô˵㶼ðé޸ҲϴɾˡݺЩˣǰֱǱһģҪĻ˵һԷ˵ʱȴҷ
СҪѧ࣬ҵȥûʱéޡſһڡ
仰ļҶûſڵϡѾһ˻ࣿģ̹ǻ࣡οСԸ˭֪ѧࣿǺһĿԡ
㵱Ұ׳հݺϳֳŭɫСھȻΥˣúõһԺǸ˾Ͳݺﵱһˡ
ԭ㲻ǰ㾪ȵĿݺǸǰ֪ǰ׳ˡ
仰˵˲䣬һЩҶǿЦ⣬ݺ۸ãʱɰ׳գĵ׻ǺˬġֻСʲôʱԴôϬˡڲ࣬ȴܰݺƽȥ⻹Ǹͷ۸
ݺǺһϵųŪֱܴ衣
ݺҲһȭؿ˹ȥݺľٶʱһЩļҶһû뵽ݺȻ˺ݺʵƷʵʰ㻹һģһȭȥҲˡЩˣѾ㵹ذеģ
ͬû뵽ݺɱ֣Ǳ۸ǱϾҵļҶͬΪҶݺɱ⵨Ҳ̫ˡ
ݺڵһȭҲ񡣱ϾֻǶƷʵ㾪ȵǣݺڱпȭͷȴǺܿ죬ֵĸоϸ룬΢΢һ࣬ݺȭͷͲ
ף
һȭһڼҶȵĿԭӦñش㣬ͷ̾С̫˰ɡܶ
ݺܿҲһȭһٴһȭ
һȭɱƵģ΢΢Ͷ˹ȥԾս˵ƷƷżġ
ȭ㿪ݺ߳ŭȭƱøӵײУֱӺĺ
ߣ
֪ܿԼոնƷҪֵԷƷѶȡⲢͻŹԷӲ࿪ݺȥδ֮ʣΪƣݺݵݺֱֱϡ
ꡭ
̺һݺֱϣһ֮ڿռͬʱĻݺĲҽݺһֱֱֻۣʹŤͷ亹ֱðڵϴ
δ뵽һĻ˷㶣һʹĲ۾ȷڵϵĲݺ֮Ҷɴ۾Ķ㡣
ôܣһʵƷķˣһʵﵽƷ˸ɷǲ̫Цһ㣿ǰһĻȴǲòʵ
ĵͬЩȣڶƷʵȻݺﲻ˼ɡȴҲû뵽װرոݺĹзɻ󲻽⡣û˵ֵܰز룬ոմƷʵǾԲӵġ
㲻뵽Ƕɫ׻ԵˡƷҲ
Ҳ㵹ùɰвϵݺǴ֮ɫǰȻûʵкӵѪȴ٣ܶŹ˲٣ҵѪҵıѪ飬ʱڼÿ¶Ҫһ𡣵Ȼкܶ඼ΪϧǸˮʹߵԵʣ˿̿ݺﰧвϣûж֮ġ
Ҫ£
ǵһλʦ˵ĻΪȻ˿̼ݺڵϴŲݺؿϣЦеĿݺǺƵ˵Ժé˭ϴ
ݺŬֱ۱ϵôݺΪȣʱڵʹվƷߡȴȥ
СҲһߡݺﺧȻĿ㡣
𣿡ЦĿݺ˵ܱǸģߣʧˡ
һڼҶ΢΢鴤ʲôľߡҿ㵱ߺͺˮһ
Цݺµϵļ˵é޵˭ϴأ
ϴϴݺоǰһǿѹѹ֪֮ݺ֪ûз̵Ļᡣ
ϴʮϧ˵ȣͶˣȻִҪҲֻܳȫˡȣһζĻᡣ
ޣ
һڼҶ̲סһĵ̫޳ˣǰôûСŵߵڰ׵Ʒʡ죬СȫĸƵġһΪߣݺﶼɷҲƷߡѵ˵Сǰװģ
ݺޣִҪб°ѽŴÿввȻôĲҪ
㿴һݺǰ·˲Ь˵ȻҪǲĻʱңһɹͷġ˺ɹǵҲ
˵꣬ûݺת̤뿪ֻĽòݺϣݺ˲ҽ
Բ𣡶ԲҾԲǹģǸǽȴٳûƿתŽǶȡ
úݣŲҽֱתŵݺҶ̲סһɺ⡣
㿴żעļҶ΢΢һЦɿݺת뿪һ
Ҫǿõʱκһ˶۸һȥˣڵ㣬һ˾۸ġ


6 
ϵݺƱȵѪۺۣͷþòƽϢ˭һκһ˶۸˱ǿƺͺĳǾ޴ġǿʱѾǸ۸Ĵˡ
Сӣôıһһѵ͵Ů˵ĵӱ󲻳ɣҪ˵ĻҽǲҪȥԡһҶֹսԵľٶжߡ
Ҫ֪ǿƾȻ˲뷨־ԻٺһЩսԵԽԽܻˮ㣬ˮƽ㻹Ǻĵġļǵãǰ֮󣬶ܼ޻ȺѣһŮ̵˾ӡ
Ϊ㣬Ⱥ£㲱ӱһѧϴԡýҵӵߡȺѴ͵ǣȫǵĶվεĿѧ㡣Ǹоһвȵĸо
ȻôϣǵʱǺܸ˵ģһʯͷѧԡҵŷ졣ѧܿ˳һںѶһܵ˴ʱǰһĻȴǵɴ۾
ֻ㿴ѧ޹ʼ磬ָָ˵ǵһϣ׼ǰѧԡһϴһ£û뵽ѧϴԡ
仰ʱѧˣһĿϣȷʵһ̲ˮѧո˶ʯͷΪǵΪȺѹݺģƿڴһ֮󣬾Ȼϴ˿ӡ
һ˲ͿˣĵôСռˡովԡ⿴Ľζĵĸ쵰ǰôˣ
Դ¼֮һҲŮǰĽҴαƵҲºͬ㣬ĺãȴǽ塣
ԣҪ֪˻뷨Ļ֮ãְ취ˮ㣬ѵĽǾʹһ˿аȵЦݣȻδȫɣȴͬջ
Ժ֮ѵʱ򣬵ǰһһ
ǰվŵŮһͷֱֳ㷢ԵƮݶˣ쵰Ǳ׼ӣƤѩֱͦεĻ쳣۵ȥҧһڣԲ°֮һ覵Ȼѻɬ֮òˡ
ע˵˫дһ˿ɬԹޡȻǺܲģΪҶ࿴ˣǾǳƽˡֵͬǮģҪǻ࿴ˣƱء
£Ŀ⿴һԲֻԴڵ
ź۶ɢϢӣ㡭
˵⣬ƺɥʧƵģĻͣ
ôˣ㿴ǰŮǼһ˿ϺܺƵЦݡ
ѼǵĻȣĶǿ˼֡ЦݴаȺ͵Ϸ֮⡣ϲȴɱһƽڰҪʵĻʳϴοʲô
û뵽ѾȻ⣬붼û˵ʲôû
ߣһȻĻ˵˵ʵģҲ㶯ֵġ
ƲƲ죬Ⱥ˵ĻҪǷԼһССҶ浲סǡ
ģʲôû㼸գ۾˵
һ𣿡Ѷ㡣
ʼŲţˡ
㡭ѸоԼһ޴ɷйŭؿڣû˲ļҶ˿̸ĸоǣҶǼҶүѾˡ
ԭѻˮ֮У˴ˮأϡȻձ㿴꣬ȴû̫Ǻ㡣Ǵʱӣ˲ԤıԵĲˮءһͣ
С㡣ҪΪǸĻҺֿܳĽܡȻɲֲ˺˭ǼҶأĿ˵ȻҪԸⲹһòˡ
ЩûըļҶ𣿻㣿˭˭
ǰ޳ͦѣо۵ͬʱ˵СҪûʲôĻˡ
һƽϢͷͻȻʵûпؿڵǵ룿
ؿк𣿡㵵Ŀѣоޱȣӡ֮ȫӨ֬к룿
ǣĻһ˵ڣͲûгԼһơղȴ۾ȻŮ׳ˡ
ȻĻ֮ɫ糺ʱͬĿֲȻѾ֪ĸɸɾˣǰȷʵûк롣
ǸǲµġĽ͵ĵᡣǰôྫŮж࣬˿ȴһŮУһӢٵˡ
һ㶨˵֪ǹС֮С
˵仰Ťͷ뿪õҪ𰸵ķе˼¡
Ť̵ͦę뿪ѣҡҡͷǵ黹δһŮӣǻС
Ҫˡ˦˦ͷʱȻ˼Ųѡ
뿪Ҳ֮еСѶȥΪҵļҶ۸ļҶסĵطȻõȥҵǣǰ㻹ɾⲻƽ׵ĵطǱĸɸɾ
㿴ֻһ˵ס΢΢üͷ̲סֹһݡǰûסϾӣû뵽һȻסϵϾӡѵ½Ҳзزɣ
ȻطªխСҲΨһס˿ֻΪϾ档
ǵʵҪȻסһӶŲĵطᱻƷ衣ҪǸıڵĴҪʵΪҪ顣ȻƷʵֻǸո𲽶ѡҪԿԶ
һŶʱը֪ʲôʱܳҧڡֻаʵиĵ
뵽⣬ʵ뷨ӵС


7 
˼㣬ٴڣ£ͷٴγһӡǡӡ˸£ٴα׹ơҲĳһ֮С
ĸо㼫ܣ类Ůಢ΢ĵƵġ
㰴յָʾʼԼ塣ﵽƷ㣬ֻһͷǾǳƷƷʵҼҶ֮Ȼ˵ԺߣȴҲﵽƷȺҶ֮Уӵͬȵĵλ
յ塣ԽǴֵ֮оԽǿҡȻʼ΢΢Щʹ
ʹ㲻ϲܸоĵʹ£ǿȾȻڻ
ûһֿɼٶǿȡ
ַ˼ٶȣͬ𾪲ѡӡ֮УѭḶ́ȫǻʹǵأҲδַֹ˼
ٶԽԽ죬ʹ֮ҲԽԽǿҡشƵġֻ£ǿȸһֿݵٶš
ºܿͻ˶ƷĲΣоƿĴڡȫûǰͻƿѡ
ڲϵĴ׻ʹǿȸǿȻڵ㣬ûпѾ׹ƣ׵˸ǣ˸׹ֻҪ֮Уʧ
˿һĻĻ֪׵ĵˡĲûмٲ׵ͷϵɫӡÿ˸÷ֻ׵ֻÿ׵ֻ˸ɫӡǾһ֡
ִ£ܿ췢ƷĲΡﵽƷ֮󣬴ٶȲûнøӵǿ׵ϣҵʹֻһʹʧ֮󣬴ȴǼ泩
յһʱһʱ֮ϵĴվܲס˳
˳㣬ܵԼӵеٴμһ֮˷ܵͬʱǾ
޷ַ˼ٶȡһΣ˼ʱƷһٲƷ塣һΣһʱȻӶƷ岽뵽ƷĲΡ
ѾܵÿˣӦóƺΪδ˵ܴƷһ֮Ʒġ
ǹϣôЧʲôɻ֣֪޷ֿ¼
ءڰһʵǾǺö벻ͨ㣬ҲͷɻǺèèץǺèҲãƷҲȫǵ׵Ч˵ľƷŵٶ
ôһ룬̾ÿ϶ԭƷ൱ŵģ֢飬ǲƷԵʣŴܹ
Ʒ㣬һΨһһ

оһ͸ͲüͷǺöģͬʱҲԴ˿ڡֻҪơ
ʵﵽƷ߲еĶ
һܳΪߵˣޱܴﵽĽ׶ĲΡΪ֮ǰֻҪ壬ĴܰĽ׶ĲΡ
ǣÿһ߶ܴﵽסΪѾǴеˣҪ֮еﵽĽ׶֮ǿȾʹﵽһ塣һƿҪƿ̤ȥĻôûãֻѡ
̤ƿΨһİ취֮е˳ֻЩȥάҪ֮⣬оǻ
ﵽһƿ֮󣬾ҪЩƿߣʵžԵʱ䡣ȻƿߵλҲͬʡ
λԭܾ۸ܼңΪƷƿŴһ۸ļҶһٱүΪܼҡ֮ǰﵽĽ׶壬үûпһۡ
ǵĿֲС֮Уﵽ߲ࡣҲʮָ֮
žȻҪֻܴͷ
ҪﵽƷӵҪȻһźù˷ˡ
ЧĽһҽʦ顣Ҫѧа
˼ЩʱڲԶһӰߵϾ⣬㣬ϲغ㣬û£
㱻ϲһ̧ͷ档һ㣬Ҫ׳ʵϾ⡣
Դһ㶣ϾʹӼѰˡԴҼҶΪرչ˵ˣԭҲӵܣΪд䣬͸ĸ˫˫ʧһҡ
ĲϽùҹԴȻһ뷨ˡҶҲûʵһǰʹﵽƷ塣ֻһֱûӵͻƲƿ
ǺǣСӻǵҡαܼɳȥ£֪㷢顣ȣ˵㡭˵⣬ԴЩ˵ȥˣڽԴУһֱֱûȥ͵ġ
ǰ¶֮ɫĽԴøСǰһֱܵԴչˣ߳ϾĽԴļ˵û£һС¶ѡ
Դһľһ£ĹϵȷʵǰһƵģͲ
Դ´һ㣬رǶ峺ܾãˣıˣոһţڲ˵ġ
ڽԴķӦҲ֣ЦЦſں˾ܻġ
Դ̾һ˵Ҳ̫ġȻһ鷳ܱǰʬһЩصǻǺͯӵܵʱ򡣺ǺǣǰýûˡڼˣǾòңԶ
֪Դ˵ʲôĽԴ㻹Ǻͯʱļ͵͵ȥ˼ҴΪСʱ˵ϲһСŮʱõĺܡֻĸĸʧ֮󣬲űóĬʬ⡣
˵ЩˣȻЩΣաֻҪܿˣҲǷ鷳ϾסһˣͲöˡԴ˵
ЦЦŽԴ˵ɷִ硣㣬ûͻƵƷ𣿡
ôףǼҶûӵܵԴͻƿֻԼŬôͻƵģԴЦ
ԴĻͷЩ˼ȴûб¶


8 һ֮Լ
ȻԴǲڽԴУĻҪͷѡ˵ûбĳͷᣬϣݾ·ߡ;ܽҳΪˣĴ۾ҪԶԶǿߡ
ڽԴ΢΢ЦЦҲûзۡԴˣֻ̾һûйı㣡ڽԴʱʬĽˡԺǡ
򵥽һ֮󣬽ԴҲ뿪ȥԼ顣
Դ뿪ͬСѡҸۡй㣬ĵ΢΢˼βýԴͻƵƷƽͻƵƷҪñԴ˰æ
ǺȻΪҶִûС㲻Ķͷ΢΢оЩͷۡڵĴҪǽԴܲƷĻа
Ҫ취ｭԴŪԴֻҪﵽƷҵĵλͻз츲صı仯ʱҲ͵ֹ˼䡣
͵ߣΪҶȻ֪͵һȻϽ̧ͷȥֻҶСյ˫Ķ۾ѩ׵ıҧź´ĹĵĿ㡣յĳëֳģڵ£Ƕ˼ĻĿɰ
˭͵ΪҶô뷨С㣬ˣ˵͵顭ʧ͵ޣǸ˵ǣԲ͵ôôùոֹһ䣬ȻͱҶС˹ȥ
պһϲûмŭ⣬ǰýȻͬǼҶոǳ⼸䣬ܵĴվˣ˵һ仰ЩҪϢĻϢɡ
㵵ĿգûôΪ롣
ϻǲһ۾ܿŭ⣬㲻ʵС㣬˭ˣ
ƺҵййǷ֣ȻѱСĸˡҲŹģ浱С۸
仰Ͼô£С֮УҺҵļǿȴ϶ͷôһֱӣԴļס
ΪԵʣҴүҶԷܱĦоСС㶷ײУÿһμ棬˶Ҫһγ
СԸȻ˵ǾԵŮȴߵŮӣȻǼ
ļ֮УС㿰ȻһߣȴһϵءԶȥֱһԲ򡣶ⲻܲ˵ģܲ˵ĻԼɣڳࡣ
СΪĸױԷʺʵڶˣȻͺСļƷˡ
ǸƷôǶСˣЦ
ƷԣǼƷһϾȻңڣҪҼ಻ҶҪƵӡ˵ëһһģϣɢĻ
ߣǼҪǱС㲻Ը֣ʹˡߣھøҪȥ
СҪ˵Ļһɡ˵ҲһֱңлμòˡҲ뿴Լʵ
üͷǵ˵ͷţ͸Ұɡʱվ󡣡
յѣоһ˿ůӿͷСİɡ
ǰȥأؼյ㣬ͬ΢΢һ£עͱ˹ȥ
ʲôҪʵﵽƷߣؿãͬоͷ۲ѡƷֵ߳ĻǼҶ϶סֻìٴμһȻʱì̫ҡ
ø磬ɣյֳĵֱֱĶء
ͷЦɣƷ㡣ԸļҶ㹻˰ɡ
˵ҲУ
õҪ𰸵գһϻת뿪ؼˣɿЦһüֵ˻ֵزҲܱġ
ͬ׼ת뿪㣬ͻȻ㣬ԺעһЩҪǵ֮С
ЦЦүİɡ
˵꣬ҲػشŲӾ͸նȥ
ȽĲЩԽԽǰԯˡ
ƫƫǲʲôˣͻʲôˡȻһȥΰ
С֣ȻеΰĶ䣬һۿȥΰ۾
㻹ûп˵վͳںߵΰңҡ
ΰĿЩ̰ĿŶС㣬ԭϱóһЦ⣺ǺǣС˵ǡĺȺֻ֮ỵҰʰ˰ɡ
СҲ˵ջĹۣϿȥСڵȥ
ΰɫ˱䣬վջ۾һĿתСӣ󣬲´ξûôˡﻹһµʱ䣬ҵġΰѹ˵
Ҿ治ҡȻ֪ΰĲܴ󣬵ǹİԼִ˼鲻Խ˵
ΰ·һЦƵģ˵ҪҪҴġһҪǶֶϽˣ¿ͷүүҪûֶϽţҽүүһǲң
ΰ̫ռΰȻһƽȵĶģɺ
Ҷˣŭΰ˵ҲҿͷҪˣǾ˶ϡ
㡭վ㣬û뵽ֵز
ЦЦҪˣǶֶϽˣȻֶϽǻѾûʲôϵˣһε˵ô¡
ãΰЦţһͷģ
ΰĵĿ㣬һµʱ䣬㹻ˡõҪ𰸵Цתȥ
ȥΰתͷǳ⣺֪֪ΰƷߣͬһֻһ߶ǣôοһ½ҳΪߣѵ㻹ܴﵽƷĲβɡ
պǳ⣬ҲòʵƷߣҪһ´ﵽƷֱǲܵ顣ǣΰѾƵû·ˡ
ռĬҡҡͷ˵ˣԺҰɣڣҶԸ㡣
ллСˡԼԸҧҧݣһ´ﵽƷѣԸⳢһѡŵ뻹һϣ
ô˵оķˡҪȻôľ
˵һ£һҲﵽƷ
ǺǣС㣬ˣȥɡ˵
ն㣬֮ŵ˵ͷ


9 񼶰
㣬ôΰˣһ壬ҪҶһ㡣ôͲءԴƷ֮һΰһҪ۶ֽŵϢҲԴСһڼҶ㵵ǣȻԼΰһѡ
ҶУûһǲǼѾ汻ΰĥ
㣬ʵڲӰɡӵԶԶģΰܲǧ׷ɱ㡣ԴĶ˵
ҡҡͷŽԴЦЦ˵ûֵزٿɡֻҪһ¶ѡ
Դȵʲôʱôˣǹ壬ҲʵﵽƷߡ˵䲻ģͬһֻһ
㿴ĽԴĽԴļЦ㲻õˣȥСҪʲôæɡ
Դ˵̬ȣֻ̾һҲ˵ʲôŤͷաֻմһֱһ¥մһڼҶߵ¥ſڵʱһ̱𣺡ӴⲻǸոձߵҶСôڵĴȺͰһسӣ
㶨ۿȥһۿһɽɽԲཱུģֵ۾еֻʣһϸ죬˵֮ϵķһһģĶ
谡ĸ̫ļƷ㱻ŵܵĳ
㱻ŵĺ˵ľֵģ軨ЦһЦ֮䣬ֱоرƤһһķûٿȥˡΪˣѿŮˣ÷۾ȥƷֱı㡮κ˶ĸ뷨ԭ˿Զĵô
գļҶﻹû˵ʲôͱŵĺѪɫˡҪ㻹Ǳˡ軨յ
Ҳû뵽ôûϢɺ޺޵ĵһۡ
ղֻʼ˵Ҳ룬Ҵûô˵СԱˡ
仰ԭ㻹ԹնʱһЦ˳Ҳ˳۶ˣĵС˻治ࡣ
Ȼһ仰Ҳ軨ŷĸǾĶǣŭȵĹūţͷ
㿴Ҳ軨һۣվյǱӵĿ軨ĵȻһԵǾֵĿյС㣡Ȼ˵
ЦĿ㣬ŭĺȵ˵ҵĴС軨һˣôͿһͷˣߣؼҪϴ۾ˡ
ʧɫɴ۾Ŀ軨С㣬ôܱ
軨һһͣŭˣŷҪ͸ˣϣһϣСǵ˺ǸūŸ˵
仰軨ļҶҵһŭһ˳̹һĻҲϽŽԴ˺ᣡ
յĻµʱ򣬽ԴҵļҶȥ
ƷʵڼҶ֮ѾǿˡȻ˵ʯѽ𣬵ȴҲŰٽһȥһ
Ĳ࣬軨ļҶסĸҶܵסһҶȻռƣȴκβ˽Դˡ
űƷҶΧסĽԴƷʵҲһֱ۵˽⡣ƷҶܵסһƷƷʵڿǲСġ
ǰһ׼ｭԴʰһҶȴյסߣһ߶㡣
յĲԵӣֻʼͣԴûʲôΣգǽɡ
軨ʮҶȻԷĸҶ㶨ˡһĸ¥
£ɫ˱䣬ŽԴ˵˻ˡ
ˣʵС㣡ôˣ
軨еãʵмҲﵽƷҪҲĻҪԿջشűҶסĽԴˣЩżĶ˵ȥ֪ͨø磬ٴ˹
С㣬ҪŵùңϰɡٽѾˡ
㣿ջɵĿ㣬ﵽƷҪȻã
ǣճɵĹУѾų˹ȥûзӦգһĻһ߲СĿŶˡ
ǣյɴ۾ǣ˻սСȻĴУٶȼݣտһһ㶡
շ֮䣬㲻֪ȡʯҷۣҼҶ˹ȥҵ񼶰

ʯҷ۽ҼҶ۾Уһ໽Է໽УҲҼҶ㶣ǷУϽѵ춯ְǽˡ
仰ýԴ˷Ӧһٳ֣ѱʯҴʹ۾ļҶ鷭ڵϡ
һжֻǶ̶һӲʱ䣬軨öû¥ֵʱЩ˶Ѿŵˡ
պ軨һĻ㶣رǿ֮ĵʯҷۣЩӦ
С㣬ˡߵյǰЦ
ձôһѣʱ˷ܵŵϱŵʮҶһѰ㱧ס˷ܵʧ̬غ㣬ġ
ôһ͸оĶĸоʮܣ޲ձһЩǺȻյ˷Ͼ͹ˣɿ㿩˵һ仰仰ûſ£С㵹û뵽㱰ɵôо硣
ﱰˣûˡˣȻɣбί
С㣡Ǵѵ
ˣǴհڰ֣һ䲹䣬ſ£ҲǱɵССϲ
յĻʶȤı졣ԴҶҲĿ㡣ȻһбЩĺЧСӻǱһȻʯҷ񼶰⻹ǵһ֪ģ
軨ʮҶȻֶ£ŭ˵ɵֶΣ㲻ö𣿡
νĺߵֲǱСõģҲǶҵġ㣬Сûɣ

仰ᣬⶫҲܽ𣿣
ղشԹ˵ߣһûļҶʰǡ軨û˵ɡ
ûȫҶû㿴գ޺޵˵ΪʲôزˣС̫ˣ
軨յĻŷˣŭһպͻȻŸ¥һֵͬŭȵ𣿡


10 Ƭ
軨ŭȣϸϽĵЦ⣬˿ұ¶ֺһ軨֮תŭյˡĿɨϣǰ͹̵ջʱһ˿ࡣ
ԭСĵƦԴӹ軨СƦϴĵλû˺СĵƦϡΪСһԡ
֪һж軨Ȼͬ軨ȴֺ軨ʱ軨ŭĿպ㣬ʶȤĶһڹӺǶΧˡ
ںĻ£˾ͱһڵƦΧտһĻ΢΢üͷȺƦȻûʲôáȴﵽƷĲΣ٣Ǿвˡ
ôӡΪҾ˲Ҫ㣬ͬ¡ղ˫۵źȻһɽüơ
ΪƦȻᱻţСĻȻšո۸ҵŮˡҪʲôһ𣿡
ޣҲˣձӵĿź˳֮⣬ˣ
ҲŭչЦǲˣСԲ֪ˡģ˻ģϺƳ
üͷתͷʵϺƳʲô
ͷӿһɺˮĵⶫôսֻ֮ͣίһʽҪڶ棬׳ƬʽмΪձһ֡
ҲС㵹ʶһˡպܾȵĿźϡ档
յĻͷĺˮǲϵðٴ˵ʲô֮Ͻ˵һŮϡ¶Ƭһ̸̸ΪڣﵽʩչĿġ
ղ˵ôԣ׵Ĩһ糺졣޺޵ĵһĵһ쵰ƨ
ˣֻʼ磬־ֻܹ֪ʶ治ḻѧʶ
עգаа˵ҪҪһ£
ɫǺ죬δڣ軨ը죺볢ԣߣϾͺ㳢һ¹
һ仰úɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫ仰ҲûЦĿɨ軨Ȼ̩ɽϣһƨȥܲܰѺѹ⡣ȻҲ֣軨ȴʮǧ
ڴϴ̲סһǵȾĶǵĳ棬Բȷġ
ЦʲôЦŲһ߱񵰡ƦĺܵЦɶһŭȡ
ܲ߱ǣǲ֪֪һȥ϶ǱˡȻܵвźЦ
仰һһڼҶʱˬĹЦ
ŭȣָļºȥСӵ
ںĻ£ͳ˹ԴһĻͷһϽǰס⼸ߡ
żߣźߵ㶯СԣССû֮ء
ٺһЦҶС㣬ȻҶ㼸ҶѡүҲСƽϡ
˵⣬յŭɫһºϣһϣ⼸СӶӸɷ
ں£һڵƦżҶ˹ƦͬżƷߣƣԴ˸ռϷ硣һĻЩż
㣡ȥն㺰ѾռϷˣҪٶȥֲá
һǰգ˫Ө͸գ˵ʲôȴ軨úǸСӸҸɵ
軨Ļҵ粽ǰһѰȥ·סЦСӣģӽͰС۶
ңŭźüͷһŮӵӢŭ⡣
յǰĲҳǰԸ㡣ϾʰҶû£ҪҶС㣬үŭ϶ܲסүʮƷߣָĲ
ҽ˱ļҶʰ㡣ݺݵĿ㡣
˵꣬׿㣬༸ƷҶһȭ˹ȥ
żƦƷҶҲҵϽȭͷ˹
ȭͷײһһ֮ƷҶĵ˼Զ֮ȭͷ
Դ˿һĻ󺧺Ʒߣ
ЦŽԴ˵ǻмɫǰѾƷһϣҲκβӡ
һ仰ýԴɫ˱䡣ԴﵽƷѾˣεߣѾܱġ
ӵĿһ۽Դˣ漴һºס֡ʰǼ
˵ֱֱ꣬ߵԴ˵ġļ˵İΧ
ͬɫ֣ƷѾһʵı仯ĸƷ߸Ķ֡Ǻһˣȫѹסǡ
Ȼ˲Դ˷ӦĻᣬŽԴ˾ȭͷ˹ȥ޻ΣȫǴĺ
Դ˼״˶һۣһҧĸƷͬʱ֣źӭȥ
ĸȭͷͺȭͷһ𣬽ԴȻ˺һɱĵ˳ȥһֱ۲ɫžֵĿź
Ʒ֮Ȼֲˣ
ĸƷһСߣȻһȭˡ
˵ǲǶֵġ˵꣬Դٴȥһȭȭ޻Ρ
Դֵڽ¶Էȭʱһ߼ֲסȭͷŹͷ֮䵹˵ϡ
ʧȥһƷߣԴ˸Ƕ֣һɷڵϡ
мҶɷ֮󣬺Ŀٴת㡣軨״ҲǰסգźҪգסСӵ۶ϡ
仰ٺٵĿ㣬даЦСӣؿ˭㣿
źһɫͬ˱䣬Ʒ֮ոռʶˡӵƷԳ˵һֲĴڡ
Сӣ۶֫㣬Ц


11 ¶â
ңŭź׼סȴ軨Ȼﵲǰѡ
գĶң軨ķ⣬ٺٵĿա
ձסȻһЦһȭֱȥһȭͷ͵һ߶ǵ㣬ºһмֱΡ
ռѾ뵽ͷѵ龰Щ̵ı۾
һȭŷٶȿݣԵԭһȭԼͷͬϾһƷߡǣľںȭͷϵʱ򡣵ԸݺһĻٴγ֣ٶ޷ƵġĿȭͷĹ켣
һĻ㵣ɴ۾ĿźȭͷȭͷȻ˵ͬСٶȣҲһûͨһٶȡٶȣһתת˹ȥ
赭дĶһȭվĿ㣬УǾԶ㲻һȭġ
ͬɴ۾㣬޷Ȼһͱܿ
Сӣ㵹һ˫С۾Ǵ֮ɫ
ҵƷһֱܺá㲻ʾĿźЦرܱһƨˣƷ˲֪ٱ
ٴȡЦŭЦҲ룬һȭ޻ֱӺؿڣȻɱġ
ͬԤϵڱпƺܿٶȣٴηֹɲܿͬȣͬһ漣
Ȼ㲢֪Ϊĵұ䡣ĲֻͬԪꡣһԪߣȻͨ˵
һͨߣǲܴһʼԪġ⣬һʼԪꡣȻ㲢֪һ㣬Ҳ֪ΪڲͬӵԶԶͬȼȡ
ףռαܿĵ׾Ȳѡܿһλ˵ζô赭дͲֻôˡ
ҶмڲͬղϴδһĻΪСŮϵЬ棬ǸоҶڲͬ
СҶīʲô軨Щͷˣźȵ
һƷһļҶΣúҲо澡ʧһȭͷٴ֣˹ȥ
ڵȭͷȻֱºһС˵һһأȫͬһġҪǱ䵽ϣҲҪһƤ
һδβڶԷĹ£ͬǱȻĸ֪ǿǱϾƷĲΣڶԷܼĹ£ġ
ӿ㣿ŭ㣬дӡ
㿴źЦ˭һҪˡʶһҵĴС
˵꣬Ȼܣźӭȥ
⣬ͷϲȻƵƵܿȭͷȴϾԲĶֻ֣ҪһȭоԵİɥʧս׸
ĺԭźȥ͵һ࣬յıܿȭͷȭͷֱ۶󱳾һ亹
ų򣡡ŭһ׼˵ʲôȴͻȻֱۣЦҵİ
㻰£ûʯҷź˹ȥ
ոմ߾һ׵ľ룬Ԥıʯҷסһ£Ͱ˫۾
軨۾ĺͷ󼱺
ͻһĻͷϲ˷ܵ㣬ģɵ
ͷϽӵϼ𼸿שź˹ȥҵ
ȻﵽƷ۾ڵʱҲͬһֻͷӬƵһֱֱۣۡܿһשݺݵĺ֮ϣһ£ש˲ϳɵΡٴڵϼ𼸿飬һź޺޵ȥ
İש£̲סһש鵹ڵϡ鵹˺㻹ЩģݺݵţȷʱŽѹźĺһɼҶϲеĺϢһ׼Χĺ´ȵǰһžͲȥ֪˵ܻܲţ
һڵƦűźĺϽֹס˽Ųͬʱһɴ۾ŵĿ㣬û뵽ΪƷϴ󣬾ȻͱɷһпǶӦԮ
㣡ģµĺ˷ܵ첽ܵǰźݺݵš漴Ŀ⿴㣬ͷͬȣӸոյıȻһˡżʱ䣬ôͳΪˣҪǣһƷ߸ɷˡ
Ʒ߰ûƿƥеġǣȴˡ˵ʹõķôıɣҪͨ˵ĻʹñɵķҲƷ
Դͬ㵣˻Է´²һƷߣ
⻹⻹Ǹų۸
Դʹ۾Ȼûʲô仯ɸо֮ǰˡ
쵰軨ڵ۾¶
С㣡ŲŲ˵ġǵÿСıˣҸ˵ĻҲνЦ
軨۾ͻȻչһЦһЦĶǣýԴ̲סŤͷҿȥԭǸ˯С˯ôˣȡ㻹Сһ
仰ʧɫɫѪɫЩûſȥ̲סŭһݡ
оԭò׵ʤͱɱĻŤתûоԶ֪Ʒ˵Ļô˸о֡
ְֲҪȡãȫҶҪȡãŭ
Դܻı飬̲סЦĵײ뵽ĵҪǺ軨ɶ
Դֻôһ룬̲סһ
·㲻ߣµɡ軨ŭ㣬һµĺ漴һСֲûˣΪв𣿡
˵꣬軨Ҳ˵ķӦͻȻ漴żЦ˵ҾͰСҶʰˡ
˵ִ֮ӻȡɫӡ
⼸ɫӣɫ䣺ӣ
㵹۹⣡ҵҪҶʲôµס⼸ӡ軨ЦĿϣѾӣҲҪŪҶԽ;Խ˳ۡһУΪҶԵʣŵܡ


12 
Ƭ½ϣһ˽ʿһԪΪһ̶ȣɱ󡣵ȻҪΪʿżҪࡣжܳһҲһ˵ϡ٣ϡΪͬȼߺʿʿλȻҪ߸ࡣȻʿأҲǸеĵλ
ͬȼʿߣȻʿԶԶȲߡϣߺʿҲһȼġʿͨøΪԵʣʿҲ֮ͨһЩһ֣ӾϵʿƷй֮Ȼǣзӡӡ
տ軨еӰľȻƷ̫õ֣ͬСÿһžƷ߶׽¡
ģ軨ⶫСôֶտ軨еɻѡӵʿݶȻʮһĳǳ֮УҲһرǣ½ߺʿֻҪԵģݵλٴη
Ƭ½״췣֮ƿ׵ˣǾʹߡУһ̶ȣԽıʡֱУΪԵΪǿ
գû뵽ɣҴӴдġҿСҶεס軨ŵļЦ̶
˵꣬軨ȻĲµĺһӾ㶪˹
㣡㣡պͽԴɫ䣬ȵӻȼܽġ
Ȼ㣬ȴٶȱٶҪϼոհѽŴӺƿӾͱѿڱѿͬʱһӴϸ׵㡣
Դֵĵɴ۾Щ˻ߵغ㣡
ȻѾһߣƷԲߡһˣôܵסƷ߶ҽµӣ
ǵ׵ͬϣ׵ϣڵļˣ̲סһ۾
žͬе𣬽Դ۾㡣ýԴȵǣ㲢ûͬԤϵ£ֱֱվԭءϵ·˿˿ð
˶ûע⵽׹ͬʱĶͷƤ£һɫ׻תɢɫâɫ׻תһϵ׵֮
ӱ׵֮տʼϣȷʵһľһ붼ûм֣ľδüأɫ׻Ϳʼ׵磬׵£Ȼŵ֮ʹȴܳܡ
ԭأз˾ξˡ
ֵɫ׻Ȼ׵磡׵磬ų췣֮ȴɣ찡ʲô
Ȼªţ֪ͬΪƳ磬ǣĶܱɫ׻ɣɫ׻Ҫζλ޷
ɻǣɫ䣬ȫ׵̬ϣͬŵȼȴû˵ɱ׵ĴڡףǸࡣ
ϵ׹ܿͱ׸ɵǣɵͬʱһ׵ͬϴ壬ܸоڲϵ
ٶȷʵΪݣѹ˶˵״ʵĶ
ף軨㱻ӻУȻ·Щ׻Ľ֮⣬ȴֱֱվԭأ¶֮ɫ
ͬպͽԴҲɴ۾Ų֮ɫ㣬Ȼ㻹վ⡣
ߣ軨һеһٴζ㡣֪Ӷ޺Ͳ軨ඪŹ
ʱ軨ٴζһŹ㲻˷ӭȥһڼҶһĻͬĿ㣺ȣ⺢ӣ׻ɵˡ
ž
ӱ׵磬ϣһ£ٴα׵ơһ׵д塣ɫ׻ǣ£Щ׵ʼĴǿ
£û
յ£Ǹойڴʣִ£ԭƷ㣬ƷȻٴοʼ
ϲѣ档
ȻʲϱǿͬʱҲܸоľƽʱӼУƺЩףΪʲôݺ﹥ʱֻҪо񣬶ԷٶȾͻῪʼ
軨Ӷû㵹ȥͷһݣͲţСҶȻվš
˵꣬ĵӶ㣬ըһ׵㻹ֱֱվԭء
ýԴ˵ɴ۾翴漣һĿ㡣ӣȻӵƷߡǾһƷߣҲĵˡǣݵССҶȻԭزֱֱվȥ׵Ǳ֮⣬ûпбĴˡ
ҲЦ軨дż
軨γܵĴ̼һ˳ȥͬʱϣҲ׵ĺ
׵ͬʱ£оʹ˼£תٶȸӵĿݡҲ֪ǲ㷢ִʱף΢΢һ֡
ȻӸոյʹоȻ׵硣ȴҲƵġһ֮СɵĶȣ׵Ҳܶ˺ֻʱо׵ٶȣոҪǿ˲١ԣҲûжʲô˺
׵磬ױǿ
ͷͻȻðһ뷨뷨ȻֻһȴԲдֵļţ㲻ܽΪʲô
ӵ׵类壬תͬʱʲƷĲΡ׵£оʵ
ʩչ㣬ĵ״㵶־ϲƷ˵ˣ
ԭΪƾٶȣҪﵽƷҲʮµʱ䡣ǣû뵽軨һѡֹ˽һЩ׵ĹܡһٰƷ
׵һɣǿȲͬʱһѾĿɿڴע㣬ӣȻܵĽˡ
һ˿׵类ɺ㿴軨˵Ҳпá
軨˫ڵ۾ҲŬ󣬿ųǱ㣬֮˿һСͷ𺳲ѣӵʿǸƷҲɣôͣ
쵰ʿȻƭ
軨ͷݣŭͬʱҲͬŲʡ
෴ǣȴ˷ܣϲ⣬軨Ц㻹ôʹӶ㲻ҵһССҶҪ㣬ˡ


13 ʮ
վȻ軨ˣ㲻ѵС㣡㲻ģ
ô˵üͷһת˫˲ֱӵ۾˵
ĵͷɫЩÿ£Ͻ˵С㣡ȣٸߵĿȥܽ˵ǾԲʵֵġ
һ㶣漴ֱЦǺˬļ˵Ժ͸ң벻˾ȻԲˡ
ô˵һڼҶЩĽĿ㣬ĵλŷ츲صı仯Ҫǣ˭ԸһöĻĻˮŮӡȻ軨ôףҲΪȣԽԽͬˡ
軨ķһһģɫһڵϵĺĶһۣ漴պߵգ⣬ﲻŹǵġ
տЦЦ²˲ȺԵĿ軨˵ԺãǵһһġҪҵСҶǿ㡣۹⣬϶Ҳġ
㡭軨һ漴ͻȻЦԭҵĶС͵˾Ȼ͵ԼļҶϣ⵹һš
軨ĻɫǺ죬軨ȵ޳ܣ͵Ұˡ
㿴ձ軨һ仰ͱƵˣҡҡͷĵյƤվȲ軨лϣȻҪԿ
Դվǰһ׼գϽСѾˣˡС㣬Ҫܼ򵥡
Դסʼ磬ŽԴЦɲһüҶľٶ
Դɫһ죬漴תƻСıһƵġʲôʱΪߣΪʲôӶû취ȻƷˣ湻ɵġ
ȻһЦŽԴ˵벻֪Ϊʲô㣿
Դʹͷڳûһ֪ġ
ܼ򵥣Ϊ׷һ硣ȻһЦ
ʲô磿Դ˵
Ϊһֳ̬ΪһʣͶ֮ɢƥеļ۾ŽԴҲԳһ¡
ݡԴĻ̲סһ䣬ĵСӻ˼¡ѵ޵
ڽԴںʱ軨յĽҲĻռռˣٴβ˺һŵСһҶܰǶʰˡߣҲˡ
㡭軨սµĺ֪˴Ҫһسǲˡһ˵ļҶߣ
軨Ȼҡ뿪Ȼ˷ܵ軨ôΣ⻹һռȡϷ硣
һжΪ˶ļҶģĿתһڼҶͻȻһڼҶ˵鲻ҪȥرǱΰ֪
΢΢һ㶣漴ĵһ˿ů⡣Ϊ˱ϾոɵһƷϢȥΰҲһֹעʱ㣬ΰĶ֡
㣡ǰҾǸϽӱܿΰЩ㣬һ֮սΰˡߣҵᷭΰ˵
յĻ΢΢Цһջ濴Ҫһ֮ڴﵽƷ൱ѶȵġϾƷһĿ
Ҫΰ⣬ҲҪﵽƷĲΡΪ軨ӵԵʽҲƷ塣ٽһȴѡһȴζҪ̤ȥ̤ȥпܱΰ
ԣڵ֮֮ؾǸϽƷĲΡƷԿΰҲһս֮
лСˡЦ
հ˰֣˵˴󹦣ҵ硣Ҫôʹֻ͡ҪеģС㲻Сġ
ֻҪеľͻңͷ̲סһȣĵС̫ˣôջأ֪סջ
ţյͷ
ȷϵĻͷٴһȣ̫̫ˣСôһԼǴСأСǸŮˣϲٺ٣
鲻ԽĴգһ־УöĽëֱͦıκԲ򢣬Ĳһֱ쵽£̲ס뿴ݡȻδȫɣȴҲŮصζջƢǰ͹̵ĳ嶯
رľ䣬ֻҪеĶܸĻ۾鲻Խ
Ҫʲôտʵ
Ҫ㣡㼸ѿڶѿڶĻýԴһ̲סݡСӳԱӵˡ
ҪʲôüĿ㣬ĵҶôַɵˣһ仰˵ס
Ҫʲô㵣û뵽վȻʳôһ뺷Ļش˵ʲôҶҪ
ǣ˲ô̰Ͼһĵΰʮһͽܳ꣬ԴЦݵСԸʲôҾҪʲô˺ģ
ݡԴ޷ô޳ܵĻˣмҶҪѴգվû
Ҿ͸ʮɡ룬˵
Ұ۾գĵӦð㲻ǰԼôɰˣ
ţⰡǾʮɡ˵
ǣ˵Сǲٿһ£һССҶԲᷴġίѵ
հڰֵ֪ˡˣ͸ʮɡʹܼҪˡ
žȷգʹĴһգȷȷʵûǸ˼֮󣬲̾һɾЩϧΪоһ°鶯ƬأǴ֡
ͻȻŽԴʵǲҲ˧
Դ̲סһ㣬
ԴոջһѺĵ쵰ǲҪˡС㶼ҵϷˣǲ֪ߵغҺС㵥˵ʲôҪȻ͵ųԲ˶ߡ
ʼ磬ĵӦԼ˧һˡС̫𼸷ڡʮúԼˡᵽŷԭôǰϾֻһʮֱһʾ޿ˡ
ҶС׾͸ʮĭʮ˵ͬһʾ޿һۿ㣬С⼸Ŀʼ߹ʺˡһ͵ѿʼƷԽԽá


14 ܼ
СҶȻɵһƷߵϢɢȥ軨һߵһӣǲ˵ȥԶССȴû粨
ȻΪһսԭ㶼ӵļҶһҲʼ㡣ûֺ̬ȡȻ֪ʲôεߣǸɵ˺ȴһʵ
ص㣬ûԤϵƷκ˵һƿʹӵе㡣ͬ⣬ûƿͻơ
Ʒãζ˵һ޿ӺͿóƷƷΧȫѹԵƷ
ڲƷκһ˶ҪǿҡƷΰſʱҪǣƷеƹҲʹá
Ȼ֪ŹôǿΪĹز̫
ǵ취ƷһвƷ뷨ǿҡ
˼βܲƷʱһӰǰ̧ͷ˹ȥһŹУһ㶣漴Цܼң
ӾǵƷһٱүΪܼҵļҶˡжҲЩӡΪδƷʱܵҶ̫۸ΪܼҺ󣬾ͷ۸ҶЩŤӡ䲻á
ǶСҪʮ㣿˾ӸµĿ㡣
㲻˵֪ܼʲôԸ
˺һ治֪Сôῴ㡣͵ŮӵļҶӦôˡ
üͷ˵˵ͲùܼҲˣعܼǸİɡǾҰɣ
˫ͬĿһ⣬˿μʺ񣺡ʮȻ㡣Ϳûбˡ
ܼʲô˼ѵҲɣЩˬӦõģֲ˿ۡ
˵öС㿴أ͵飬мֱˡΪܼңͬмżҶΪְչʾҿ
ֱֱĶˣͻȻʵΰָʾģ
һ仰ЩңϾͻָȷΰˡ
ΪҼҶȻΪ˶ԸҵˡǺǣⲻ֪СүУôĴأ۾ˣζ֮ɫ
ȻϣһôϻΪܼңһҶУ㣬ܼңҪǲ㣬㻹÷죬ԺﻹүС𣿡
ȻûүС㡣˸׼쭵ʱүСǷصģеĺָ̫ǵƣӵĸɽ㣬ֻзүС㣬ĵȴ֪ʲôͣӦùؽĸţȺдϼ졣֪ΪʲôʮΪÿһ۾ʹ󺰵үС㣬ҵΨһҵָ·ƣԶ׷Ӣۡ
˵仰оЩθҺĵ˵ˮƽòˡ
ݡȻĹſں޲óѾġܴô䡣һͷԵģ;Բһĵ
Ҳϻֱֱһȭɨ㡣
һȭϽӰһܿž;һȭҪǿ˳ֵа˵˼Ȼΰĺôðصֵա
Ȼܱܼܿһȭ㻹мֱµġ˼ܿһȭϲЩŤϲľĥҶԷ¶ܣֵܼԽԽˡԣرϣ۸˵ϷʱֵܼľһЩ
ٽӱܼһȭһȭٴδֱӺֱۣһȭֱۺϵ뷨
㲻ΰĶԼΰ˵һ֮Ҫ۶֫ڿ˾Ŀġ
ߣĵ׺һĿĿٴκȭ΢΢һٴαܿʵȻԶԶˣȴĿ˵Ĺ켣
ܿȭ㻹мʵǺǣ˴Ϊһšڿǰװųƭ˺ܶˡ۾㣬ܼҽվҪ۶ֱۣѧúūš
ԼҪūţҪѱ˶ûϢūšЦһܣЩڵʱûһЩʯҷۺͱĶˡҪȻҲôˡ
ʱһȭȭֻһıܿ˵ȺͷԽԽ졣ҲЩǱ
ȻܿԷĹ켣ЭȴǴƷĲΡȻΪԵķӦ١ʱЭķӦٶȣ͵ĶĲЩңԵЩǱ
ʹˣҲ˾첻ѡ಻ƷһܡȻ̫ߵȵ֡Ҫʰȴ˿¡ȴܿʮȭ޷ģ
СЩŵҪǰöһЩ汾ˡĵװֹͬʱϵĹ͵һ䡣
Сӣ㵹ҹĿ࿴Ȼˣͳһү̸ҵȭɡ˺ٺЦ
˻˵˵ȭ͵һ䣬֮һɵȭ˳ɶȭ£оһȭֱȭͷһҧӭȥʮɵȫ䵽ֱϡ
˼ͷϲӿֱۣһȭֱϡ

ȭһ˲͸оһȵӿֱ۱ʹѣ͵ĺ˳ȥ֮ԶסΡ
˺һɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲš޷ţȻһȭƵһһʵﵽƷߡƷµžԵѹǣȻռϷ磬ȴû־ѹƵơ
õĶ㣬оǰҶء㣬һһ˿˼ɡ
վһ㣬˦˦ʹͲֱۡĵͬ壬һȭֱûеֵˡôһСƷȴ֮ľ롣Ȼһʵ
Ȼ㲢֪һڱ˿Ѿ𾪲ѵ顣һжΪһʼ׵壬ԶԶͬȼߵ
׵Ϊʺϴһ˸տʼܳסԣһʼ׵ǣߵߣ֮١ÿһһʼ׵ߣǿһߡ


15 ֮Լ
ֱ۵ʹӾĿˣĵβܶˡ
˼Щʱ˸Ͳ˼ʱ䣬һȭٴ˹ȻҪսپɷ㡣
Էڵһȭ㲻òܿȭͷͷһ΢΢оȫ
ӵ𣿡˼ܿһȭһȭٴʩչ಻ϵȭ㣬ܵǱ
Ȼǿ࣬ʩչЩˣڱܿ˲ȭͷһȭûбֻܿȭͷӭȥ

ȭһֱ۱ĲɫЩףĵĵ˳ȥ׺ס塣
ôסܼң˼һȭ䵽㡣ٴǰһȭȥ
вϱȭͷֻʹֱӭȥȭٴνһ𣬾޴ֱ۵ʹٴμӾ磬оֱһľʧȥƵģֱ۲ĻҲ֮
伸ȭ£㱻ˣֱۿʼرǺ˽ȭͷϣǸ׵ͬɳ
㸡׵ֱۣĵȴ̲ס̾ԲƷ֮ܽ˶ȭ԰ˡǣʹӣעҪ۶֫
㣡ܼҾͽ̽úūšаĿ㣬һȣ
һˣһˣ㻹󿴿ɡ
΢΢üͷתͷ󣬿ӰͷһԶغܸܿϵ
˻ûغյǰ۶ϸмҶ֫Ȼвʣֻܷ۶֫뷨ߵӹ˽죬ӵù𣿹ܼһ㡣
㿴һֱϵĸף΢΢һ¡С㻹ûйơһȦֱۣͬ
˼Ȼ¶Цһô㻹뱨ɣ㣬Ⱳûˡūžūţܼǧְ취㡣
ˣбҰ£ҵƺˣǾһսͻȻ˺ȵɱңүСҲ㡣
Ļ΢΢һ֮ʹϲ˵ҪԼľһս㵽ʱɱ㣬үСҲ˵ʲôڸʱ˿ں˵˰ʱ䣬һʱνѵ¾ʹﵽƷɣǾԲܵ顣ҲΪԵɺϲŽҲƷ
һļҶҪûĻҪƷڵ졣
ȻǱܼҾ͵¡ЦеĿ㡣
һ㵽˻ӦȻҲ֪´ﵽƷһѶȣûбѡȻѾˣڵƣҪֵǲˡֻ취ȡһʱ䡣
ڸʲôغߵ˵λã˵ղԣɻʵ
˸Ͻϥһ˵үܼңżҶְ˵Ϊˣһ˾¡ǳûпƺãһЩкޡȻҪºҾһսΪܼңûܾսֻܽˡ
˵ޱίС˵ֵ̬쾡¡
غ˵ĻɰĿת㡣ĿɨǺ׵Ŀֱֲʱ̲סһո̲ס޺޵ĵһˡ
㣿ô£㣬ԼܼҰºһս
Ҳͣ˵ܼ˵ĶԣºҺܼҾһʱүǰС
㣡ַʲôɵȻҲϣЩżʵԴ֮նʹкøУϣ͵ļҶɵ
СģмҶҪΪ£ҪǲԵòˡ˵
΢΢üͷѩȻ뵽һֿܣתͷ˵ΰԸģߣҵļҶ
Сԩ˿ɥ˵СˣȫҹƣҲġŶС
תͷ㣬ûзüͷ
վԭصȻ㣬ĵ׾ҶʵͬʱҲ˵㣬ҪҪһ£
ллүˣ벻ˡܾ
仰ЩԭΪļҶôδηɵȻʹıһƷѵΪԼ޵˲ɣľǲʹֱɼġ
㣡ɵպȵǲԸ
ҡҡͷҪǲ˵ĻȻڻ鷳
㡭
ɫǺ죬û뵽ôִ˿һƷľ㡣ĴۣǺĶ
ͬɫһ䣬ִҪˣСǲǴѰ֮ˡҪȻôִˣ
գˣȻԼˡǾͲҪˡΪˣҲԸԵݲҶУûиı˼һմ뿪
նĿһۣ漴ֻ̾һ뿪ǣջǰһѣˣ㻹ʲô
˸Ͻһ񣬴ӻȡʮӣŵǰ˵С㣬㽱͸
ò˵˺ܻ湦ٶûٶüۡ
˰ӸŲӾ뿪

뿪úҵĸۡоʹһϢ
˵ûУǸȻºܼҾһս
԰Сӻ浱ԼǸˣȻºܼҾһսҾͿô
ԣܼʵƷˣôùȥˣûƷҲƷнףҪʰ㻹׾١
ǣܼһүҪܼңҲҪƷʵһȻսܼңֱЦˡ
Ҿ͵Ű֮㱻ܼ

˵ľķзѾ϶Ҫ˸ۣҲ֪ɢȥġ
֪ҪšͬҲףºҪʤҲҪﵽƷĲΡȻҪʤĻǾҪƷĲΡ
ȻҪﵽΣֱڵ졣
һҧҧݣ૵˵ڵ죬Ҵ˴ҲҪһ졣



16 ʶ
ʧˣӵѹѾٴγƷʧˡʱѾﵽƷ壬Ȼɵõȴûٽһ
ЩοǣȻûٽһֱϴĿĵĺȴ˲١Ųá
죬ûнһĵҲЩżϾʱֻа£ʱѾˣҪǻҵ취ӵֻܵˡ
ҲŲо˽⵽гϣרһЩҩģҩȻܱ֤ٷְȴĳɹʡ㵱ʱҲһҩǵ˽⵽۸֮ʹͷ
һΪͨҩҲҪϣԲΪҶõġ
ûнݾߵ㣬ɰĿתɽϡɽŸޣȻ;ûƷֻܽѹƳԼǱ跨
ȻɢǼȻ뵽취ʵʩҹ뿪һ·źɽۡ
ɽ㣬ʼþɽ˽ҲЩϵԻߣûдﵽƷĲΣ˸ҽ
ΪɽиۣвСľͻᱻ޸еĹͷʣ˴Ժɽ֮޵Ĵڣ޿ǱͻҪֲĴڣҪǱ޶ϣʮ
㾡֪ɽΣգѡֻƴһ
ҹɽУҲ̫룬һŴϵȴĵȻûž淢ֵǣɽҪϲ١
һҹʱת۾ţһϵ㣬һҹδ˯ȴûиоۡĵһƹɽʱӴϷ¡峿ʳʱʱǣ֡
Ԥϵ˲ûжõľ룬һֻҰҰ㲻İǰһȺѴ빤ܵµɭвɱǵһʮˣһֻҰƵǱѣΪʧҰˡھḻԻǹŸɵ
һȻԸĳԵҰ⣬һ£֮ûһǰɽвɱҰζҲɼҰɱ
ʱȻʵǰһȼġȻС׼ذ׳СĿⶢֻҰ
Ұ޶ͬΪ˶¶ҲܸоĵֻҰĿת㣬ƺǿ㵥Ҳͱ˹ɢ⣬㲻Сԡ
㿴ſҪҰ΢΢һ࣬ܿͬʱеذ˳ᣬݺݵĲȥ
໡
һҵ໽ڿռҰһɹѪҺȾɽϵҶ
۵ҰǷٶѾͬգÿÿܱܿҰÿαܿܽذײҰϡֻҰذײ˼֮ڵڵϡ
ŵڵϵֻҰĵͬ㵺;ȡû뵽ǰǵҰһξȻ׵ıɵ
ʱŴƷʵжǿ룬ʱһȺΧϣҲܰǸ鷭
㿴ŵڵϵֻҰ벻ջذסȻҪǽذ׵ĻԸ̫򵥣ƿû˿İ
ǵӲҰˣֻܱƳԼǱûֻҰǰȥ

һ·㵹˲ٵҰޡ޵ĴڣʱѾˡĸɵֻҰ֮Ŀڶһֻϡ
һֻܣдһ˿˷ܣȡһЩȭͷεİϾܵצӲС㲻ֱȭͷԸצӡвһ£Ҫ̽ȥҲһѶȡ
ֶײУӼ֮۾¶ײеĹâ˹
һûжذף˹ܿצӣһȭֱֱĺܵϡܵȭͷһ㱻ǿĵɳȥͬʱҲ໽һȻһȭļۡ
ֱۣոһȭʹ죬ٴܡ
ͬԣײе˹צɨ㡣צͬһȻҽצӣϽܿצӣһȭͬʱϣٴ໽һĵ֮Զ
ȭЩۣͬǾ衣ӾȻʼźƶ
㿴һĻ֪ͷӴ֮ġϽ׷ȥһȭȥܵס
໡
ܱٴһȭУ֪㲻˵ʼ˹
״ϲȭͷϻܲһ
һȭȭϣоֳĸоӵŨҡ
һȭȭԿܵʱһâͻȻһֱֱϣİܵԴһѪ
㵵ʱһˬʵ𣺡λ̨ɽ֮һҪǵôҪȻޣƾȭͷԸһѶȡ
תͷȥǰżõ꣬һӡŻЦݡ
ֵܾԷЩЦãҲ˼ңϾԷҲΪá



17 
лˣȻΣǻǶ˵ͷл
Ϊ׵ǸЦЦ˰֣ȡһذףݸ˵㣡ɽлǴȽϺá
㿴ǰذףҡҡͷȡոջصذ׵ҲУ
ҲУ￴еذ״㵣ǰһǲвȻذףôȭͷԸܡ
Ȼ㲢֪ʲôҪ֪ĻȻвȫҶв
ͺ󣬲Ϊʲôȭͷɫ˺ͬʱɱǸ˵֣治˼ǺǣһΪ㱻ͷܱƵû취о仰һ˵¡
뽲ɻĿ
ذײ䣬ЦǶ˽⡣ͨﵽƷ˵ǲܡѶȴ󣬳ɹʼͣҲʹ취취մЧСɱͷҰޣ㲽Ʒ
Ļ˵꣬Աߵ԰غ·ҲͷͬȱʦˣҪʦָĻְ취úˮҲȺҰ޲Чá
㿴ǰźЦˣȻΪԷƭʵǲ֪λﵽƷʹõʲô취
˶ǽż峤ǰŲƷġҾǽҪĻﵽƷȻʲô⡣Ȼֶֻ˶ΣұˡЦ
˵Ļĵ̲סһҪĶõ˵
̫ˣҿûĶ˵
ҵһطֻ֣ܰǲָ֪Ҳȥˡ￴ǰ꣬кøеģƷʵɽУַ̤ƷԼԼᶨӵԵˣʱʵ΢Ҳֵýύһ
˵
Ҳ֣˴ǰ˵һֳ͵Ļߣ֪͵ĸڴкôǳġΪ͵ԵʣܵĻӰҲֵʵҪոǲˣȴܽŻɢྡྷƷȴҲпܵġֱ˵
л۾һȷʵǺöƬΪԭ۳ɸְԵкôõյĻƷͬ⡣
ǺǣҲȷβѰҪȤĻһǰɡЦΪˬ
˾ͶлˡЦЦʵֵõϢʲô֣
𣡵ȼߣǶڲƷε˵ȴǺöҪյĻ˵һ죬ﵽƷƷĲΡŹâųȡ
ĻһƷ޷ġҲܿóðԵҲѹѰЩֻⶫ󡣶Ҿ֣Ҳ˺Ķ
룬ܸȥΪ˺ˬ֮⡣ԭǾܺɡϾƷ
Ҳ˵ⶫҪǷĻҪϣ޻֣
۳ɵĸƬ½Ϊϡ٣ҲǶкôıǵСֹһλһСͷѪ˲֪ˡ󣬻Ǳװ˸˹ȥ
ҲܿŶôջκһֻ֮Ƕʵž޴ãҪǶԺͬž޴
Ǿִ·ɡ˵
ٵһˣЦЦո˵꣬һ使ת˵Ķ𣬡ҪٸҲңҾͲȥˡ
һ仰·԰εʼ磬˳˵߿ȥǰһɢżŮŮӺڰ׷ˮĲת¶ľ飬ˡ׵ķ͸죬ԸС콿Σ̸һһϵĺ촽һ׷󡣹⻬ļѩϸۣ͹ıѩУԲͦ׹鷿ȹһ˫˹⻬ѩ׵ȣϸźۣഺֳԸеʣ˿Щ
˭ٻＸж˼ˣȵʵ
㣡ʶѡش
ŶٻŶһĿƿûпһۡ
㵵Ŀٻ㣬ʹԼȷԼʵ֮󣬲ɴܴԼȻˣӦðȻ˵˧ĲҲ̶áҲһÿվӣоҪԼˡ
ǣŮô̫۸ˣܷ߷߲ƽĿٻ㡣
ƺٻתͷʵ㿴ʲôûŮ
´һٻ㣬ŮĹյЩʱ˵Ůû˧Ů
˧磿ٻԾĿ㣬漴Цָ˵㲻˵Լɣ
ٻڿռŤһͷûе᣺Ů̫ˣѵԼĲ˧̫ûˣ
ĹĵĲٿٻ㣬ûŮˣܱӡСʱӲ

ɽвϽ룬·;֮˲ޡԼ˵ʵһ־ͱＸɵһ·ＸҲϤ˵ƢҲ˽⡣˵ԸˬЦ˴ţ΢ʵҲûӵ̬ȣǺøбһദʮǢ
ֻٻȻ㲻ðһ·ϻǶӡŤСǰ棬ø֮ļ˸оĿ
ٻ̬ȣЦЦͣ˵һ̬ȡȥˣڱ˶ӵġ
Ҳ⣬ȻֵĺܺƣȴҲһ롣֪ÿ˶ÿ˵ȦӣҪ˼Ȧ֮вô򵥵顣ΪԲһ㣬оٻȴֱˬ޹ص˶ֱѡӣͲ湦
ٻһͦһ̵ęһ˿Ц⣬ٻ㰼͹£ɢഺջĽö˵Ļ꣬ٻഺԸУ˵ɸת
֣ǰǸ߶ˣȵСһ㡣ǿչ˲㣬һжҪԼˡڸɵһͷ޺󣬶ѵ
ͷЦЦ˵㡣һСĵġ
ô˵˵ͷ˵ǾͽȥɡҪֲּסǾ뿪



18 
һ·֮￴Զһ߶¶˷֮ɫԱߵ·˵Բԣ
·һͷӦˡ
õȷϵ˷ܵǰ̤ȥǻûȴһץסüʵ֣ôˣ
ָǰ˵ǰӦһأֻСĵ㡣
û˵Цɣɽ֮ôأЩš
ʼ磬·һʯͷǰ泤Ӳݵĵط˹ȥʯͷУ鲻Сʯͷͨһ֮ȥϱӲݵĵɡ
￴һĻӿһ亹˲ͰʪҪһȽУҲͬʯͷһɡ
µʱٻۿ㣺ô֪أ
Ůڻۿˣ̲סӯˣ벻װװôãСŮڸоĴˡ
㿴һƬӲݣƽɽϿĲͬȫˮݣسֲһģһ͵
ôͣĴһȻͬ˵һǶûע⵽ϸڣƫƫע⵽ˣССϸڣ;һ
ģɽ֮ôء԰һŴжʮ׵شͷۣҪؽ߶иǵʵһٿԽʮס
Ц⵹ûʲôֵģҪǰиĻγһС
˵ͷжʮ׵غ󣬲üͷ֮˵صľ̫Ҫȥѡǵûȥ빤
Ļ̲סüʱ䲻ԣʱ˷ȥҪٻȥȡߣĥĥʮ͹ȥˡ뵽⣬˵ҵи취ǲ֪Ҳҳˣ
а취۾һ㾪ȲѣĵͬЩڴҪа취ĻҲʮ⣬ϾͬԸ˷ʱ䡣
Ľã˵
Ȼ֪ҪʲôǻǰѼֵƵıݸ㡣
ӹıߵһõ²ҸɿݵĴԱߣ˹ȥȻıĹߣǺݺݵĳ鴤һ¡
ٻ㿴һĻǿЦǧıҲԺǰˡ
ٻһۣһŲ̲סŭһݡĶ治֪ˡ
ﵱȻ֪뷨㿴ıֵҲۣĵ̰ŶԶԶû񵶺áĵ׻һҪֵ֪ǧı񻹱Ȼᱩߡ
һȥһһ
һ򵥵һ׻壬ͣñһľٶȴ̲סŭһݡ
ֻѱⶪ԰أ˵⻬ģÿһס
԰ز֪ŹֵĶʲôãδӦͱٻ˹ȥЦ
˵꣬ѼֵƵҿ۲ѣˡѱٵˣ
ȻͬÿЦıһ׻ıҲЩΣȻãݣôñ˵ı
ЦõĽӹѱ֮εĶ˵ˡ
ʲôң̲ס˵㲻˵˵ңҾͲ㱦ˣҲôˡ
Ļٴγ鴤һ£ǿס뷨˼ƽϢһ顣
ٻ԰ؼ˶ĴָĿ˵㹻޳ܡ
ֱӶǵĻӣĵ꣬ôҲܺ޳մȾϱߡ
·˶Ļһ׹ŹֵĶ˵׼ⶫȥ
ͷŽµĻ壬ȻЩªǻʮ׵ȴ̫⡣ֶǰѩʢУ˻ѩػбȻѩأ֮ͬȥӦò⡣
ţȥʾһ飬ǵѧϡ˵
ɵĿ㣬֮ŵ˵ͷֻĵ׺ⶫܴɹء
ѻڽϣͻȻŤͷٻ˵ҪҪһȥ
ٻ㿴һۣվҡҡͷ˵ȹȥ˵
ҲΪ⣬֪ٻ㻹İˣ˵ͷ֦ŵϣ͵ǰ滮˹ȥܿ䵽ϡϵ㣬֦ϻû屣ָٵٶȻߡֻ£ֻһĺۼʮ׵ľͱȥ
һڿ߶ſڽŻ㣬˵ɴ۾㣬û뵽׵ĹõĻ壬ªĶôЧ
һﻹЩ˼ٻֹһͿʼŻ壬Ȼˣķ󻬹ȥ
ٻ㲽ϣĵ׻Щŵģͬʱ˷ܣͺһƵġ
ٻĻ£ܿ͵˿߶ڣɢջĽû뵽һٻ㣬ԭΪٻ㵨Сһѣȴﻹ
ٻ㶼ȥˣİҲٵĻ˹
˶ˣļ˵ģ
ЦЦҡҡͷΪԽˣ뵽취һ㶼֡
߰ɣǽȥû˵𡣡˵ҵⶫƷϣˡ
Ӧòġ·شϢ֮һϼҶģȻ֪ϼҶϢ·Ųƭ
߶ˣֿ߶֮зֳ˺ܶС߶ЩС߶ﲻüͷô·ߣ
еС߶һ֮Ŷߵһ߶˵
㵣漴ʵȷ
ͷӦò
Ｘ˵ͷѡ㣬Ŷȥ˲붫С߶˴Űʱ·֮󣬹Ȼое¶˲١ﾪȲѵĿ㣬Ϊʲôһѡѡˡ
΢΢ЦЦ˵С߶㼣٣ҪĻΪ¶ȵԵʣߵĶ㼣϶ĵطһЩ
Ľͣ˻Ȼ򡣲һֱɫʣȻĺڲͬʹٻ㣬ĿעҲһ֡


19 
һ·ȥ߶еĲ·١Ĵ·£һ˼ûߴʲô·Ｘ˿һɫӴԽãԽܷڲͬ
һ˴һ㣬㴩Ŵֲ¡һ˼ҵĺӣ޷ǣ˼ҵôꡣ
ڿ߶д岻Ͼһ˸оɹɹø¶ϲɫ첽ߵһλãܿ͵˿߶һԣ£·˷ܵ˵ԣҼҵǸϼҶ˵µм䣬вС½С
·˷ܲѣϼҶȻû˵ϸڣҪλȴ˵ˡ
涪һʯͷ֮ûһͿĳµĸ߶ȡ
𣿡ڵ£Ȼһ·̤ŵĵطҲʮա
·ʱǸϼҶ˵ԼȥģԾϼҶѺܶͣûϡϾǸϼҶƷʵȥԼ͸ˡ
Ǵʱ£ͷ˲ʧˡһۿȥ⡣·˲ɺûдˡ
˵ɫ֪⡣һҲϻһЩټ򵥵һӣһϵһ̵ĵطͬʱϵ·
ٻɫЩκ죬תһ״Ҳ̲סü˵֣Ǹʲô
ûвֻ·ɡĲˡһЩȫϡ˵꣬ͿʼһЩ룬ͬʱ·һЩߣʼ򵥵ķ첹ǰҲϲңڱʩǲİʱû̵ЩԼˡ
һ˵ֶȷʵΪˡ˲ٵʱ䣬ǿһѲļ׽ɡ
꽵ɡ㣬һЩ٣ٲ֮¡
һУŻڷ㶵һȺˣɶһ˵ʲôҸոյǶһݰȫϡ
Ȼ֪󱳱ŵǰ·ʲôãʶ㻬ǣǰ˼
ٻһڴ˶·ȻûȫѵҲɬˡҪǣҶǸĪĶһŮӣѵҲҪ·ɣ
ٻģȻ֪ʲôȻ뿴ٻ·ģȴ֪ܣٻһЦҪԸĻȵȿԺһ¡
ٻתͷ㣬֮˿Ǹ£վǵ˵ͷ
ٻı̬΢΢ЦЦ֮ûٻ㣬ŸһաĸӺֹͣҲѧģһ׵Ľɡϡ
߰ɣҶСĵ㣡Ŀתٻ㣬ٻߵߣһϵٻ㣬ͬʱٰԼסʼȥ
һ˷ͷĿ־壬Ҳȥ
СĵĲµ̤ţš㿴Щٻ˵ٻĻĿɨ䣬˿ɲ£վס䡣
ٻ˫˫ס䣬оŵƵģĸоʮ˳ԣȻ鲻Խһ˿Цĵʮ壬С
ȻЩңҲ֪طܷŬջץ٣ͬʱʼȥ
ˣѶ࣬Ͼܵ˵
ΪǰҸ֣˴֧֣ȷʵöˡҲΣնˣϾװ̫ª
ҲסСƶһԼٶƶãδ֮һ
Сĵ㣬ǵòʯͷԽԽ͵£ٻ˵
ٻվŮˣȻ󣬿Ǵ°ɽ廹̲סҲܸо쳣
ŴϢ֪Ӱٻ㻹ʲôԵʣٻĽ͵Ĳȿգ滬ȥһ»
ٻ˫Ƶı㣬˫ˮӽϡ
ٻ㣡Ｘ˿̲סߵĵطȥ⻹л·
Ｘͷʱȴԭֱֱȥˣһٶ࣬ᣬһѽץס٣ٵ͵һţٻ䵽µһ͹𴦡
סٻϸٻ˵û°ɣ
ٻ㾪δڸо̤壬Ÿ۾űס㣬һ糺죬Ŀظҡҡͷʾû¡
ʱͬ䵽ߣ˵ˡ
ٻκҡҡͷû£
ȷٻûºĿ⿴Ĳ̲ס̾û뵽ⶫЧ治֪ô뵽ġ
ЦЦż˵Ȼû£ǴҾȥɡ
˵꣬һٻ䣬ٴ䡣ٻոյûʲôָ˹ôһ̲סӲһ¡۾ɨ㣬ƺûй㣬ŰһĵԼСˡ
ǣٻȴ֪ȻĿбӣĵȴ̲ס̾СŮ˵ĵáȻΪ켣ڷôõ㣬ɫ¶ȫƿء
һ˲ϵ䣬Ÿոյľġһ˸ӵСٻҲҷھʱ䵽·˵Ǹ½
½˶ʱоһɿֲˣ㶨ۿȥɽ룬һԲɫ档ɫȼգ˾ġ
ǿһۣܸоȶְԵ㲻ɸ̾ȻͬСɡ


20 ׹
˵У½ģһɫɫͬԲƳ½ġ䣬һɹ˷о쳣ܡĵҲףΪʲôոս߶ʱֲסϽˡ
·ư¶ȵĹâȻѾɺܶˣҪܰĻʵȻŷ츲صı仯
žžâ˸˸񱩵˺ӿ̵ͬʱռȼ£ͬž졣ǿȣȻƽֲٱֹ
ĭһμʱȻ˵Ŀֲ룬ƷôͻˡҪƷߵֻε죿Ϊ߸ϵֻοֲ
޷ֻǾָ߼л֮ܡ
һ֣ոˡ·˵ߺô޷˿ɣҪĻʵܲƷ֮ϡ
·С׼ոʱٻͻȻȵȣ
ôˣתͷٻ㡣
ٻ͵ָһ򣬿·Щ͵˵ǡǲˮ
˳ٻĿ⿴ȥһ˾͵ɴ۾һֻٻָŵķһͬɫˮƳǣʮ־жС
ˮȷŵϲͬʱҲʮ𺳣û뵽½лˮȻˮƽƽ֪ﲻòࡣĿ˿ڻ
ǶⶫҪˡٻ˲ѣˮ
·ʼ磬ʾνǶٻ˵Сһ㣬ﲻôöԸġ
ٻĵͷУתͷ˵֣ȵոʱӵĿ񱩡㻹δҪסɢྡྷЩѶȡ㵽ʱֵͻƷҪǼֲסĻҲӲϽˡ
ͷ˵ס
ͷû˵ʲôǿʼӻȡһƷ㿴ϲŵһҩҺզ಻ѣҩҺ˵ܸµģֵǧֹɵЩҩȫǮ
һ׼˿ʼŻȥͬʱٻһ˾Ȼˮȥ
Ȼ·˷ٻһǰȴûйĹעͬǰͬʱֵſֲˡĺԶɸоͬˮһϣܡ
ܣ㻹ǿʼе΢΢οǣڵת£̶ܳȼ࣬˵ǣ£ٶȹȻ˲٣һɹ˽ڡԭﵽƿľ磬Ҳʼɶ
ʱҲסֲˣѾԶˡ
·նĸ·
·ͷȡıϣưӴͶɨ˹ȥ
һ··ʩչǿһֱֱɨĸһɨ֮£˲͵뿪뿪˲䣬һɳȵĻ˱ϣ䣬˲ñڻһ顣
óȵĻ档ȵı·Ͻĵ̲ס̾һﲻǸ񱩿ֲĴڡȻ˵Цġ
԰أѱóȥ뱦ҡѾ͵𣬴ϲ԰غ
ף԰صͷӻȡһСĶСע
һٴͿ˼㿹ȵҩżո·µıȥ
󣬾ͷıӳȼռ䣬ףȫǻ档һ޴ֱ£㱻ĲϺˣĳѾûƿֵܵġ
鲼裬һĻϵ𿿽ȥ
ظѹɳɣƽĸֲĲһ㣬˶Ըʱһߵٻ㣬ͬСˮڿ񱩣ˮԵࡣǣˮٻһ˶˸һɿֲˮڵϣҳһ״ľ޿ӣĿġ
񱩵ˮһˮٻһӡϴ𺳵ǣ˲ͬٻӡͬʱͬȫͬʱסЩˮŮˣȻһȼ͵ʿ
ٻ㣬ˮˮкһ£ҪȻǸòȵ
ٻͷʼŬǣˮ˵ĺ£ڿʼ
ֿ񱩵ˮͻ𲻶Ͻ棬ʱռһˮͬʱһɹΪȽ쫷ͬʱХһоԼٴαǿҲץһЩʲôĹ֮УŻ䶯
ףǴеϲѣֻҪܰǣƿأͲƷĲΡ
յֵǹɹɿֲ˵ͬʱеӡ᲻ϵĽ
ֲֿ£оѾʼƤˣʮܡ
ﲻϵĽ棬ˮĿͬ˿СٻĿתĿһθоǣη
ý˺ܾã߻ˮ£ÿڻļ
Żס԰нӹͬʱٻһٻͷĻҲȡһɵıĿˮϡ
һЩƵĶԶԶƽǿȺͼֵ
ÿ񱩴ﵽˮƽʱ󺰵ٻ㣬֣
ꡣٻͬʱȥ
ٻ㣡Сģ
·ٻȻסˮȴһЩƫ˿ƫٻĶһͣʧˮһȵٻϡ
͡
ȵ˲ٻһѪҺͬʱӱűɳȥ
һĻ·˴ʧɫٻ㵹ɳȥķ¡
е㣬·һѡո۾ͼٻ㵹¡㿴һĻ룬ٻץ˹ȥͬʱ·һԵĽɡҲץס
ٻۻСԸıץסٻ㲢û˶ͣǰһ¡ɫҲ˱䣬ŭһģոͲƷˣΪԵʣһ
ٻ㣬㣡
·˼£˾ֺȥл·


21 

ٻվһСŮˣº̲ס۾˫ı㡣
ٻıסȻܵٻӼջ󣬿£ǻ˼˼Щһֱֻٻ㣬һֻŴļ׽ɡ
ڼ׽ɡİ£Ÿо½ٶٻܵһĻҲ۾ŵ׽ɡϱˡ
ٻǴŵѪҺ֪ոˮĳٻ˲С˺סٻûʱƷζеĻ嵯ԣٻ˵ŵ㣬ҡ
˵꣬Ҳٻ㣬Ŀתұڡ⽵ɡϾרҵģȻʱٶȼ⼸·ɵĶ˵¿϶ֲ˶á
ֲ²⣬ܿ͵õȷϣܿͷһĿɨұڡʱұʮֶͣû֮ء
ʱʱ˺̧ͷһ۽ɡźܿҪϵĽɡĵװżҪⶫϣǾֻһ;
Ҫ𣿡ٻΪˮ˵Եʣ˵Щ
˵㲻µġ㰲οͬûġ
ٻչһЦЦ޶־ӿ˿Ѫɫһ޵ջ˺׳ЦУιԲԣ
仰ЦãദôãŮ˾Ȼ֪ʲô
Ӧǽ㣡ٻȻ˼Ц˵Ҿã㻹ôһ˧ġֻҪˡ
㲻ŮʲôֻĿںתŮ˵עʵҲԼ˧ԾܿԼģϾԼһܱ̬顣
ٻ治ɫ˵ôһ䲻ҪĻĵƤͬʱȴȻһߴһȽУң
ٻ㻹δӦʱֻһ˺֮ѽɡڱϡʱȴݺݵһ˦ɡµķһȥֱץµһʯ޴ֱĦѪε˼£ʯϡ
ִתͷٻ˵Ҿ˵ǲģ
ٻЦݣȻоôõ꣬ȷʵų˲ͬʣ֮취
ʯʯ㣬ŷһһɽ
ȥתٻ˵ֻٻʱ򣬲ŷٻزһ̲ѪһɫȾɺɫ
󾪣ɻոһԾһĻǸոΪץʯʱٻ˼ʯͷ
𣿡ٻ˵
ٻҡҡͷȻɫЩ԰ףȴҧ˵ȥɽ
ͷٻ㱧ߵɽаٻһɾĵطٻǰѪٻ˵Ұ㴦һ˿ڡ
ٻĿע⵽Բ̵ͦظϣĨһ糺졣
ٻˣҲٻشץٻ͵һ˺·˺ѵĵ׵Ĳͬʱһ켣ôöû˺Ů·һȡ
쵰ٻû뵽˵־Ͷ֣ӦĻᶼûУٻ̲סһǲǾ͵Ȼ˺·ǣѾ֣ٻվû˵ʲôĨһ糺ĺΣ˫תӱţĽëĵĲƽ
ڴнҩٻŬԼ
ٻڴȡҩϾͱٻǰ˺ٻİ𪼡¶档ڳţ¶Ƭѩ׵ظȻţ鷿ǾǿͦšѾС߹ģظĿ̲סǣ档
ٻٳûж֣۾ѣ㡭
ǻû˵һ룬ͼע⵽ĳһٻѣĨһκͬʱҲЩŭĺȵ㵽Ҫã
ֻǼһû˿ڡĽ͵һģٻһĵ׶˵Ѳգ۵ıŸһ˽⡣
ٻ㷢֣ȻÿȥظһС˿ڣϽ򵥵ãȻϽҩһеʱٻβ˺²ס˿ڡ
ٻ·ٴα˺ѣɵһǲǶ˺Ů·رаãҪȻô˺ô졣
ٻ˿ںŰٻڵȻѩֻڵʱǰһĸоĻö
ܺ𣿡ٻоԼҪˣ˺̫һЩ
ʲôɻĿٻʵ
ߣٻȻƣһŤͷֻϵĺξþòˡ
İɡҲ˵ȥ˵ġϾԺһҪȢŵģҪ˵ȥΪҿˡҾûˡ㰲οٻ
ٻһʲôСΪǿ˺òãУƨףױŮ˵ĻҪռ˱˻޳ܣٻãӦüˡ˵޳ܣЩŵ㲻ʲô
ٻ㴦˿ں󣬿ʼɽɽȥٻ㽥Զ̲ס㣡
ţôˣɻĿٻ㣬벻Ů˻
ٻ㣬죬ҧҧĺ촽Զ
㵵Ŀٻ㣬Ů˵Ϊʲô
ٻɫЩ󣬵һ۵ôʲôԶͱԶ
㿴ٻ㣬漴ͻȻЦˣ
˭˭ˣҲŲһˣҲŲºڡٻֺŲӾǿ
ãã㲻£Ц´˵ѵʱܲܲ۾˼˵˵ѵʱҪ۲һ־磬Զˡ
쵰ٻ벻㻹Ҫ̲סһʯͷٻ㣬ֻһز͸ѪҺ
㿴һĻϽǰסٻ㣬Ϊε˵̣ܱܲˡϵĲɲ࣬Ҫ˺һЩ˿ڣǵʱ򴺹Ⱪ¶ɱҡȻһСˣС˵ĵֿܵ͵ģ㴴˿ڡ
ޣٻɫһһ˴ĪռҲ˲Ů֮ӣץס㡣
벻⿴ƵٻȻ¶һĻ΢΢ЦЦǲٻץȥɽû֮Ķܲһֱɽ
ٻ˵ͷͻȻ˵㣬ûз֣ɽ֮֮
㵵Ŀٻ㣬ͬʱҲƬ֮ɴ۾ٻͬľ
з˾ξˣ֮ϵſĿռڱ֮


22 
֮ϡˮȵȻͬǿ˵һȼġף췣֮Ǹ߸ϣ֮ϵĴڡ
ߴ΢оĺԶԶȵļֵ͹Ч
ȥŬƽϢһͷٻŲ˵Ȼջƽˡ
ٻͬʹĵͷԴĴڣûԸ
ְٻ㱧ٻȻȴأ㱧ѹ壬ܵԣ̲סͷһ
ٻȻɬһ˴İĵطԸ컵Ĵһ
˳ȥ˼ŵɽѨӵ쳹첽ȥܿ͵һռ䣬ѨĻ谵һѨȴĴۡ㶨ۿȥһⲻ֣Ѩյѩ
ڿѨ룬һɫװȻǡѨеĵ⣬ֳġ
ףٻоĺͬأ벻߶ŵУȻ̺ΪԵ
ٻһ۾֮˸Źâ˵סλãȡ
㵣ٻ˵Ϊʲôڣ
ٻĻ̲סһ۵Ҿǲ˵ҲƷ
ٻĻüͷȻ֪ٻĻǣʱǸȲˡʮʱգ۾͹ԭﵽƷģΪٻԵʣʧˡ
㿴ǰͷһݣôҪƷ˿ҪĻʵʹǴﵽƷ⣬Ͼ
ٻ㱧һȫλãٻһ˵ȵȣҳһ¡
ٻ͵עУȥͬʱתŵȥģס׵軨ӣ֪ܲܶԿ
Ҫǣ׵һδ״ܾױһǵȼߵ֡Ͼףû˵׵ġ
ƺܵĿƵģ׿ʼһӴִ׵ݺݵĺڿѨʯϣӲʯڱ׵һ䣬˲仯ĩһСĿӡ
׵զ಻ѣ׵ĹѾˡ׵׶ܱΪףֻοֲ
һ£ܸоͷڵףԭڶͷףʱҲ˸
˸ͬʱһҧǰ첽̤ȥľٶ˲侪ף׵
ٻ⼸С׵磬ž󺰵㣬Ͻˡ
ǣٻɴ۾ǣ׵ϣȻûһ׵ֽܵƵģ˽ȥٻܿϹ
ٻ˲۾ȷʵ󣬲ɴ㵵ֹ
ٻ޷µʱм׵ϣǺ͸ոһϾͱֽⱻɽȥ
һȻѵˣѾˣٻ㾪ȵĿ㣬޳ܣԽԽܣһﱾ˵ıϰԲںˡ
Ȼ֪ٻķ̰ҪȻȻᷢ쭣ôȫ
߽׵㣬ĵϲѣԤϵÿϣ׾ͷֻɣͬʱ塣ܸо׷תһ˿˿ӵȫ
ͬʱܷ׵֮ͬڲϵ׳
ٻ㲻˼ĿУߵ˾ײһ׵ľ롣ٻ޷ôܼ׵°Ȼģոյ׵磬ϣҲ˵ĽǶ꣬ȴһӰ춼ûС
һﵽǲˣôԲƷĳ̶㣿ѵ޳ܵĳ̶ȣٻ
㿴Žǰףֱֱǣױ׵һ׵ϣ˸оĿͬʱȴڻ׳ͷתٶͬϱ졣
ױԽԽǿֻվ˿֮׵㣬оĹУʼǿҵ֪쳣ͬʱûнͻƵƷǷת֮ŬҪס
ǣֻһͷԭͷתף͵תƵλá
ĸֶһɫ׻һҧŲԶףץ˹ȥ
㣡𣿡ٻɴ۾ŵٶһȻոס
ϵߺϵʿףҪ׼ȻʩչͨŸȡסǣֱǰȥץ׵飬붼롣
ǰ˱ӵӣ顣
ٻ۾ҿ㱻ըѪģģ
顭
ٻһҵըٻԺ˲両һѪɢٻ̾һ۾
׼ǰֵȴԭءֻǸϤվȻѪҺϵ䣬ȴץס
ٻɴ۾Ŀ֣ѪҺ鲼˫ϣϹתϹװסзıÿαɫҰһݡ
Ȼץססٻз˾ξˣٻ㿴ǲ˼顣ʵﵽʮƷϵߣҲԲ顣
ץףԤϵȷʵѹáױϾ̫СѹסױоĪĳ
һɹ׵ĳڣоѪ
ҾͲţ㡣ҧݵֵųתѾĿƣȫѹףҸ׵ףʼףÿһף׾׳һ֣׳׾Ϳʼ塣
ܵ׵ɣĸӿֲһɹɿֲ׵ϣڳܲסѪҺ
Ҿͺƴһѣ
ܵѪ㣬ҧʹץססһҪʤˣʵŷ츲صı仯ǾԲܽƷȻҪǰˣ
µˣûѡĻˡѹףȴһ


23 Ʒ
ײף绨Żһ㡣ڲϱСףȫȫװסÿα׶ܻ׵ϡ
׵ϣȻŵͱ鲼ȫ˿ɣ֡
ץף׵ϡļ£׵ٶȽӿ졣Ȼױͨ׵ǿץʮֳ׺ҲԿɼٶ׳ɫʱøӵҫۡ
ٻץײֵ㣬оԼЩˡ˾Ȼʲô׼׼ҪףǣƷ
ٻ޷ĵӣٻļУЩﵽƷ׵ߣҪ׶һּΣյ顣඼ǾһײȻˮΣպͰԵ̶ҪԶԶߡ˵κߺʿף׵ģȴֻϵߺʿΪǲܰΣս͡
ǾϵߺʿͬҪ׼ҩһ߳ɹϣǰˣȻץ׾ֱǷ˼
Ҫǣٻ㿴Ű׵ɫ䣬۾ǵɵϴȻóס
ǿװؼ췣֮۶ΪԵΪֲɫʲôȻ췣֮ɣôܣ
ǣٻȴķ֣ڱϵɣȴϵı龰ٻĶšٻһ뷨Ҳһףּ߼Ʒ֡
ٻҲ㲩ѧʶѰԺܾãûзһס
ֵףֵˡٻǰϽ׵㣬ĵ׸̾
ײϵĴϣͬױһɣ£ĳɳȴֱ˳£ڱȫαͻƲ׵İ
װףʼıɡһףɫʱĸ̬ˮתһĹΣΪ졣
ױ׳ѹסһ˲òӿѪҺʼյ·ʼ
ڹת㣬ƽЩɾͱƿصͬʱܸоһֱûͻƵƿʱһٱ忪ǹʼ
Ʒˣ
תУоԼļԶԶӵеģе
ȻﵽƷ㲢û˶ͣʱףɱ׸ɣȻҪ׵ЧãͻһΡﶼøͻƷΪϵȻЧǿ
ٻԶŰԵ׾Ȼѹסұɣ㵵ͬʱ̲סĽףҪȫɲǿ϶ŷ츲صı仯ƷʵֶʵƷ⡣
Ͼĵȼ̫ˣ׶ĺô
׾Եѹư£ڰһױ׸ɡ׳ͬʱһ״Ϸ֮һģһ׵塣ֻ׵Ŀ񱩣׷ֻʮֹɣȫܷΧڴ壬ҴļΪɡ
ִ£ܸоٴβϱǿҪǣÿδбƳ֮ѾƿصСƿصʼ׳
׵ٶԽԽ죬׷ֻ״ٶҲоƿصһַ˵ٶûõĿУȫǻٶȡƷƷнףƷ壬ƷϢڷ
ϲͬʱǷתڵת£֮κһΪƿСԭ΢΢һ˿ܿʹﵽ˿Ӱϸڲϵ׳
Զٻ㣬Ҳоڷ츲صı仯ϣһһϵ׵ƣ׵紩Уÿδٻ㶼ܸоϢǿôһݡ
Ʒˣ
ϢﵽһΣٻ㿴㻺˵дż֮ɫƷԽƷ׵ĿֲȻⲢǼޡΪϣһײûг
ٻõˮﶼƷ֮࣬õƷֱС˼ң㻹һƷߣΪס
ͬٻϢڲͣ£ɷףٶԽԽ£ûм̫õʱ䣬ھһʱڱȫɣͬʱϢͬƷ̬ĴﵽƷ塣
ܵȻֻͣƷ壬ٻʮ⣬ƷʵףƷֱ׾١ףİȴûǻˮǵЧ
ǵٻע⵽ϲƵϹʱĵЩ⣺ͬ˲ףŵ¶İеô
ٻעУĵ׵ͻȻУ漴ٻһըը𣬲ûܵ˺һÿһζܵ׵Ĵ׵ִ£̺ʱҲӿƿصУԭͣƷϢ͵Ʒ
һеףٴγĶͷͷ˸ϣͬһõ弫졣ƾоܸоױǿֹ
ҲҪģĵ׶һ˿
⼸εÿ׵׶ǿֻ˵ڽÿαǿ׶ɸ׵硣
ͻȻãԽǿ׵Խǿ룬ҪڵǿףͲܵһ˺
Ķ׵ʲôƷ֣ĵֹ
һڣܵȵоԼЩӦ֪׿ֲǿֲ˳̶ȻоϢ
ƷһͻƵƷҪ˵ҲΪ
ףȻ˿ֲ
㲢֪ƷʵףҪǱҲܳɹĻ˵ƷﵽƷǲܡ׵İԵ
ڴ͹Ͼ͹Цȥˣȥΰ
һθоѹͷϵƸڵʵԸ˸̫⡣ңΰͬһƷסȻһ졣ƷֱӲ˸ƷΡ



24 ̥ǵĻع
ﵽƷ㣬뵽˵еһƹʱûʹþʱﵽƷ㡣ÿһ
뵽⣬Ͼʵʩվʩչᴩָͷϣָ̺ջһۼգһ˿˿ۼЩۼֵͬʱȻռһۡ˲һˮĤһľӨ塣
ųյľӨˮĤָˮĤ˹ȥˮĤ˲伲۵㱻ըѪⷭϡˮĤϵʱоһĸо鲼ƣͬʱƿʼ
㶨ۿȥԭ͸ѪҺƣ͸ѪҺ˲ֹͣϣЩ֮²˿ڣʼԿɼٶȺ£Ƭ̼ͽ衣
㵣漴ٴʩչϣԭЩĿĵ˿ڣһѪɣ֮ºÿˡ
ʱȥЩըĺܴ˿ڣ˿ڶʼ衣ɴ۾֪򵥡ǣЧо𺳡
һٻ㣬ȻҲһĻĤ̲סʿ
ٻ֪һߣû뵽㻹һʿոʩչˮĤľٶȫʿġ
ôʿٻ۾㣬ΪʿʿȻ˽⣬ոˮĤȻûнܣٻɸоһż
رǿƣֻ𺳡û˵ʵʩչԵˡ
Ȼ֪ʩչľһЧ㣬Щϲ׼ٴʩչֻٴʩչʱȴоԴûа취ٴʩչ
ֳ̲ס̱ڵϣоľ񱻳֮һƵġ
ٻ㺰ʿʩչҪľ㻹ϢϢɡ
㵣ոʩչľǺЩ
ҳΪһʿˣЩӦõǲ̫ˣȻΪߵͬʱܳΪʿȻ㲢ȷʿϾⶫǻĴģ籾żĲࡣӸոյЧžˮһּ䲻Ĺ֪ƹҪࡣ
Դĳأ㿪ʼֳͬ˵ĺܿ죬ÿ㶼ܸоĿĸо

Ժеĳ˺ٴʩչȴֻʩչΪһͷԭʧĳػٴθ֣ףҪָովģҪʱġ
޷þҲʼٻڵĴ°յǣûٵİҪǲˡɽͬ߶߶ʵɽѹССϿȣгɳٲ⣬ɽûйߣֲﶼϡ٣Ҫҵټֱ롣
ڶռ䣬ײĵɰɽյѩɽͨĶڣһٻ˵Щͨɽ߰ɡܲ߳ȥ
ٻͷĵЩɽǹᴩģߵ¡
ٻͷߵٻߣٻ㰼͹£ɢջϢĽְٻ㱧
ٻƺѾϰˣȻоɬȴû˵ʲôֻĲӣĶ˵űҶҪոҴȣҧ㡣
ٻݺݵĻЦãģʱٻʱûȣȫęֻƫˣĴȡ
ôԩءܴܵίû

㱧ٻһ·ɽȥЩɽͨʮָӣ·;Ҳܸӣ̫죬ÿһɽҪüǺš
ڻһһҹһ·ƣͼ£˲ɽٻ㣬߳ɽ
ɽٻ㣬һСŮ˷ܴУ㣬ǳˣǳˡ
ȸԾٻ㣬ŽһɹССĶѨ˭Ҳ벻ССĶѨ棬̺ӴɽȺ
ٻŵһȫɾĵطٻ˵ϢһȥҵԵġ
ɽУҪһ˺ѡܿ죬һЩҰٻ伢
ͬʱûǸٻʩչһʱ䣬ҲˣÿһʩչļΣÿʩչ֮ٴʩչ
ٻ˿ȻСʩչ˼ξ£˿ϵҲܺá
ͬʱ˾ٻ㣬ǸоһͬѰȥ˿ٶȿֲ֮⡣ٻ㷢ÿһγܾ嶼ƺܵһϴ񡣸о쳣泩ã
򵥵Ľ֮뱧ٻ׼·ȴٻһסһ˵ԼߣУĲ֡СĴȺò
ٻĻ첱Ӵֵķѹûȡƨɡ
㡭쵰ٻ޲ҧ쵰Ťͷٴ㣬ĵѾ¶ˣֻҪɽͼ㡣
㵱Ȼ֪ٻʲôܴһİ֪ѾǸλˣЦɽ߳ȥ֪ҪѶʱ䡣

µʱת۾ȥҴԺ̨ϣվдŰšŲٵΧ̨ԡ
ѽСʧʮˡ˰ɡ
ǣǼһΪҶȻʮ첻£ߣҪүС㣬Ҫ
Сӿ϶ܼˣԲˡų򣡡
һģܼƷߣҪ׾١ѵ
һΪСӱˣԭǸų򣡡



25 СҶǿ
ܼȻ˽ԴĶУԴĴ˿û㼣̲סһȻܻᱻӣҰǣôҪҳҲѡԣһЩǲôҪˡ
үСӿˣķǣүҪҪ˰ҳñӳЧȣĵĿһ˵
ˣҷߵģѵ㻹Ҫһ鲻ɡ˫ˣĽëһһˡ
С˲ң˸Ͻ˵
ߣպһ䣬ϲ˵ͬʱ̲ס㣬ĵײ̾һվˡûԼĳŵȻ˲ϲȴάһΣϾһССļҶ˵ΰǿƵˣܲΨһĳ·
رϾˣո¡һȻˣǾʹȥҪǿĻץҷ䡣
ллүЩ˷ܵĿأͿһˡ
ôǿⶼܱ㿴˷ܵڮʱһԺ⴫ͬʱһϤӰ߳Դ㣿
㣬ɽΪ·ʮʱų㻹ľʱˣҵǸոպøϵٻ͵СĿջ󣬾ʹҴҵĸϻּҴҵľٶٻ޵ֻҧĲܴ쵰Ȼһջ͸Ͻܣֲϻ
ŽԴЦЦûһΪֶ뾪ȵļҶתͷغһүС㣡
ռĳ֣˷ܵغ㣬Ҿ֪㲻ӵġûпˣ
лС㣡ЦЦոյάĻҲڶУƯС㣬㻹Ǽкøеġ
֣Ҳû׷ʧôõ飬ͷȻˣҲ㶨ġǾͿʼɡ
ͷֱֱߵ˵Ķ档ǰһֱųȻĸҳ֣ͬȲѣ⣬˲֪Զˡ
һΧ۵ļҶųֵ㣬һĿⶼϣ벻ĸҳ֡ĵСĲ
ܼңСӣһЩҶȻֺˣϾΪź
ԣܼңɵ

һĻ֪Щ˶ΪܼʰЦͬʱĿע⵽Աߵΰˡ˵ɻעУ㻺ΰ
ΰΪǰĵģдŸ߰ͲмӵĿ㡣
ߵΰһ׵ĵطվɻע£˵һ仰һ˴ͣǲܵġ㲻ҪҾͺúõĺ棡ڣҾȰǸצɵ

һƬȻһڼҶɴ۾Ŀ㡣ʲô˼ΰսʲôݣȻΰսΰѾƷˣ
Сӷˣ
յڵˣðһ뷨ŵǼʶŵļҶǻһμ
𺳹𺳣۾ȴ⡣ȻоţյԸʮ־ٶһ첻µزµˡ
ãããΰ˵֣ûըˡһССļҶȻҶ˵Ļǰûй飬ΰҧ˵һġ
ӵĿһۣҺҵСȻΰǹ壬ǿѹͷߣҪλã˵仰ᵣġǣѾﵽƷ㣬Сΰ
ҵ㡣㿴ΰ˵
ΰŭѣĵô㣬ΰڲϣ㱻ˣһѾͰˣûȤˡ
غҲĿת㣬Ȼΰ΢΢üͷվû˵ʲôֻصǾҲǹļҶһӵеѾȫ˼Ҷ
˻ȣӣ㵵Уߵ˵ǰƤЦ˵ȵһ㣬ҡ
ݡ仰һŭһģոնΰĺܣھˡ̫ѾĿ˰ɡ
㣬даģֻᡮᡯģ
¶ϲɫǸм˵лл
˺ٺһЦʮɵȫ䵽ֱϣ֮ɫһȭݺݵ㡣
ʵﵽƷ㣬ȻѾһȭرﵽƷǿ˲١ȫȭͷ켣㣬ͬ䵽ֱۣӭȥ
˼ӭ¶ϲɫƷʮɵ䲻㣬ҲҪˡ
˶ĿƵĿһĻܶ˿㶼֮ͬɫ
սȭͷ㣬ҪóԸ軨漣
˵עУ˺ȭͷһԤϵһѴ˿ӵͬ顣
ϣԭͬ鿴һˣһʧֻͣ˰һͬߵķһ㣬׷ɳȥݺݵ̨ϡײ̨ϣһ˵Ķը죬ͬʱ˼
һ˲ŵŻ˻ֱջȭͷ㣬ŵϴ󣺡ôܣһȭһȭһʵﵽƷ߸ɵôôǿ
ʹǽԴͬɴ۾һԼǲǿˡȻһȭͰһƷˣСôѵǰװģʵһֱͺǿʹﵽƷ
һȭǧˣ˿žη;֣
ΨտһĻ˷ܵ㣬ҹȻûп㡣ģ
һЦĵС̫ˣô˱຦ߣ
Ŀתΰΰͬ㶵Ĵǣ벻ԭΪļҶܰһƷצ׸ʰˡ
ΰͷȻ˵ʵﵽƷ֮ϣпܴﵽƷ
뵽⣬ΰǸоҪˡôܣҶôܺ
ܣܣһʹ˱ɵļΰе
ûĿ⿴˵үʤˣ
شӷзӦŵڵȥˣһָһͷҹĿ࿴
ЦЦ˵үˣһССҶôĿ࿴
سĬȣȻԭǹصͷһʤˡȥɡΪҶʧʮ죬㻹Ҫһ͵ġ
ǣүЦЦҽڶ˵ֱ׾ٵ飬ѧʱһӿζʮ죬ԱҪͣĽʹûظ


26 ո
һȭܼҵϢܿͬХһֵһһڼҶоη
ɷ˵㣬ûΪҶľ򣬼ҶĹֻˣҲû˸ָֻšЦܼҶһȭˣǵС첲СȾ͸ܲһȭˡ
ʵҲһЩԭмһ˵ļҶֺáȻٲһЩ󵨵Ѿߣ磡ǰǲǹװĺܲа
ǰĶ󵨵Ѿߣ¶ɬλ㣬˲˵еģ֪Ļʮ֣¼
磡ûһЩѾ㣬ָϽĶ˵кܶˣܻܲط
оͷˮֱðĵ治֪кܶ͵顣ЩѾ߹ȻǱ뺷̽ˡ
Ҿðɣоεİ鶯ƬӦôӳ顣һ˵оҪǸŮȥԵĲѾߣԵĽ
磡ģŶѾ߶һۡ
ããѧ𣬲оѧ֮롣첻ѧˣ㡣ſںʶЩŮӱ뺷׼Ҷֱӱ뺷֮£̫ˡ
ѧʲôѧģѧϰѧѽСˣҪǵŶ˵꣬ΧŵһѾߣʱȺɢ
տһȺߵѾߣʵ˵ʲô
ŶҪѧϰѧоһЩεЦ
ŶⶫȤ´Ҳѧѧտ˵
ðɣɫ󣬿ĵֹѣСֱ̫ˣû׼
㣡ôͻȻôǿˣûĿģ˵ĴѾ˺ܾã˷ܲѡ
Сʵͳˣʼ磬źεı飬Ҳû뵽
ռ㻹εı飬һƳ뷨ĵʵǿ㻹θƨ
Ҳ֪㵽ôģѹŽ㣬Ҷòã
ʱ˫ֻأʮ־ֵĿŶС˵С㣬Ҫʲô
ˣСֱ飬ѵǿҵɫˣԣпܣҪȻôҪҽоİ
ĵ׾᲻ѣǴأǴأǼᶨأ
ռⷬģ˫ֲ䣬ŭȵ飬ַ
Ŷһίģķ˫֣ΡΡվֱһܵѹȵССҶĿ͵͵Ĵһգյüëϸֱûп޹ȴʮֵϸȣģֱͦı£촽ĻȽ۵鲻ԽҪҧһڡͦ޳ϴμһЩδɵıջ󣬵ţܸоĵջ
ռɵ֣¶˵Цݣ˵ŹҸһһҪҵġ
Ҳǣ˵ĵնƤؿζĶϲ
ʵȵҶ϶㣬пܻܼҡҪܾ֪𣿡˵
֪յĶ˭صĸףСǿߣʮƷ١ֻ͸¶˼ȴȣҪܼң
ûУռȻʧ㶣ѵԺ͸ˣҪʲôܼҡȻûܼҵȨĺġ
ȫǴЦŵͷ
ռĴӦǸˡӴ࣬ҶĿζҪǣ軨ԴˡΪûԵʣ軨·ˡմ⣬Ҫࡣһʵǿֻļһ࣬Ͳ軨Ǽһˡ
ģСҲ㡣Ȼ㲻ܼңԺǱСˣû˸۸㡣ջӻֺз˵
ĵֹ˵˼Ҷûˣ㲻ˡ
Ȼ㲻Һ˵仰Ϊһ˵ͻᱻոԵĸɸɾ
ãȥҶɡ˵Ҳٴ㣬ŤԸеƨ뿪ıӰʮֶˡ

յĻǰȥ١ոߵסԶլʱһ𣺡㣿
㶨ۿȥһŵվǰ㿴ˣϽһﲮ
˵ҵλʮ֮ߣȻҲǼҶҶؼҪ񡣼ʹ٣ҲǿͿġԴ˵ʵﵽƷһƷѣС֮Ҳǿߡ
ţү㣡´һоëʱ˵
ϽͷŲǰСǿˣ
ֻߺﲮȴüͷֹСӺ֣ȻͬˮһƵģһ˿͸ûһ˿ɢ©

˴Ϳһ׳ʵվȫ罣ʵķâη
ү㲻Ŀ˵
Ӵһһ˿죬漴Цǰɣ
Ҳ˳ָλȥûһΪҶľ
ٿٶǺǵЦǹȲһҶܱġҺҲЩ飬ȣϧˡǺǣҪΪ飬ҵû뵽ҺˣҶ
ǲѡЦ˵˾ǰˣûʲôϧġ
ãɷ͸ˣҪڣ˵仰ʱЩдҲҪҪȻôһС
үʲô飿ֱʵ
ǺǣһȭˣʵشﵽƷĲˡȻҵܼΣ˵
Ȼͬ˵ЦЦлүءֻһɢˡԼܲãܼҾ͸ˡǺǣֻϣүܸһɵĹͺˡ
ô˵ЦҡҡͷսܾİɣոҹңҪҰǺǣҸԼѡ񣬵û뵽ľܾ
նһ˽⡣
ҲգȻ㲻ܼңǾˡԺ͸հɡСѾͷߵغ񣬾ϲȰһ߸Ҳġ˵
ͷүģһᱣöСġ
Ǻǣǲãֵ̫ͺáﵽƷ֮ϣԺҵĴͰչܼҵĴɡˣȥɡ˵
ͷת뿪뿪㣬ٵжһءҲ˵ȫ̶ʱˣһ漣ҲΪ⣬һ㣬ĺأȻп͸ĸо
Ȼ֣Ҳ֪ôġѹضôߡҪչСӻˡ


27 ɺӢ
ܾΪܼС飬ܿ촫ҶĶСõ۸һڼҶһϾΪܼңҪƣ˭֪᲻ˡ
ȻȻδΪܼңΪһǿƣһڼҶʼֺٰ㡣ЩԭûѾߣͬջ룬ôֱӵĻ˵ʵʵĸоŮ绢ֻǻһȺܰѻ˵Ůǣ
ݺݺΧĺҸ㣬ȴǱӳǵİΧȦΪȺѾߵЩ˺õѾϱ͵˵Ĵӡһѣίޱȣĳûˣ
СԺ̽ͷ̽ԵߣͻȻܳһѾ߰Ƶ
ѣҴСĲ¥㣬㣡תһʱΰϤĶ档
㶨Ȼǰ濴ȥֻΰǰֵѵȥ·
һŮˮ˿ղ˵ഺĵĻѾ޺;סѱΰסŻˮ͸ŵ˼պΡεӣҧţ¶ľǿΪ˼ջĿ鲻Խ촽
Ҳȥƺ˾ɿѹŵıݣΰᶨ˵
ҴѾڵˣ㲻ȥ̫ðɡΰЦ˵һֱǣòҵȻŹ
ǵ飡޹أѴϢΰΰʮֲ
ΰ´һѣŮęԲ欣ֳһ˿̰Ļ档ֻ翴ϵŮˣһ³ȵĿ⡣
׷ôˣ˼㻹˽𣿺οһβǴæ˲㣬һβǴ鷳ΰջ˵
ѿΰһۣ漴˵ǰҰɣֻϣ˽ӽҶѡԣǲŻһҶϾɱ
ΰô˵ҲѵĻ鷳ǣοǸҶɱò
ѱĵĿΰһ۵ʲô飬ҪôҲʲô顣ֻҪǲҪҡ
ΰѵĻЩŭŮ治ʶȤһǵĹѡҪΪûˮһ۵˼ûСǣһŮ˾Ȼε
ߣȥҲȥȥҲȥΰڱ¶ıĿûôõƢûûþ׼ǿˡ
ѼΰȻƽ˫޵һ˿ţΰŭȵҪʲô
ٺ٣ʲôȻǰȥˣΰЦݣȻŮ䲻ǣòȴʮа޲úݺݵѹ±̢һ
ΰңŭȣüëһһ˾ηޡ
֪ҾϲޣߣƢͺҿûôƢҪʶȤ㣬͸ߡҪǲʶȤͱǿ֪Լжջ󡣵ʱ̲סҴϲ㣬ȰŪˣҲȡΰааĿѡ
ΰҪٸ߽һҾͽˡѵۿΰ
ΰЦҵҪ˭ҹܱү¡аɣƺҲû˾㡣
һգĵΰȥĵӰݷɽɫһʧƺҲû˾㡯ôĻȻ˵뾫衣
ס֣ѧŵӾĳ棬ΣͷܳΰȵȻǿŷݵĸ߶ȣǴͷ
㣿ΰ˸ҳ£һһֱʰļҶһСӣûȥ㣬Ȼҹܱү飡
ʼⷴݵ̫ˣ鲻ԽĴӢɫıǸǹģ´αݵôͶòã
ݡΰŭһҲãʰ㣬Ҿĥ㡣
Ǿ͵ÿıˡ㿴ΰЦʱΰ
ΪһƷͺ˲ˣƷүͬʰ㡣ΰĵĿ㣬Ȼ㲻ǿϣҲǿһƶѡΪ壬˼ѵѵһƷҶԸˣƷʵ
ճɺӢ۴򶷣һӢʤرӢ۾ڡ㿴ΰЦ޳ܵİԼλڸеӢݣΰ޶ķɡ
ΰһҲϻһȭֱ˹ΰȰɵȥѡ
㹥һȭֵ˹ȥ˵ȭͷֱֱĶһûһ˿Ρһζΰź浹ͬ
ȻƷΰоȲѣͲ²⵽ˣһļҶ˲ƷȲѡ
ոһȭȻûȫȴƷн׵ʵһȭ൱ǴʵҲƷнס
ԽǿҾԽɵˡᳬҡСҪǳҵĻʰ㻹治סΰɱ⣬Ŀ㡣
Ǻǣİɣ㲢ѡĵƷϣѾˡ
㲻ġΰȭͷ͵һǣһȭֱֱĺ˹̺ΰʮȭͷûͬΰе㡣ٴӭ
ΰдǲм

һСײ£ΰĵΰͬǣͬ˳ȥ
Ʒ壿ôܣΰĿ㣬ԭΪƷнѾǼˣû뵽ƷȻﵽͬһΡ
벻Ļܶ࣡ûΰľȣһȭֱΰ
ߣƷΣҶǼҶ𣿡ΰӾѹٴβмĿ㡣̫ƣϾԼʵ
ͣһ±үţȭ
ΰĴ£ΰȭͷȭͷͬʱΧܵǣȭͷϣ۳һģţͷ
ȥ
ΰȣˣ

ΰ۵һȭֱϣһȭ֮£㱻ĵɳȥɫһֲ԰ס
ֱ۴ʹĿһոûжƷõĻֻƷǣֵͬȼΰȴһ£ʵǵҪֻƷĻԲΰĶ֣ܵķӳ
ͻȻãȱȻͬܶԸΰǱƷȫʢſܡΰˣǱΰǿأҲţʰ


28 Ʒ
ٺ٣ΰԼʩչţȭ㣬Ц⣬ү۶ֱۡ
˵꣬ΰţȭٴʩչպ˼ȭȭӣؿڣɫأ͵һ࣬㵽һ
һȭգȭͷڿռ䣬ȻҲҳһ춯ĵ׶ǿһ֪
үӣΰҿպȭ͵һ䣬ٴĺֲȭײУؿڡ
Ҫӣ㻹κβңЦһ΢΢һ࣬ΰȭͷٴҿաεǿͰΰȭͷƿǿΰһƷʵܿ˿
οܲҲΰƷʵվƷܱġ
ߣһΰ̺ſֲһȭٴεĺͷЦһ䵽ֱϣΰӭȥ

㱻ΰͬɫһ䣬¶ĵˣĨһ԰ס
ʲôΰܵסΪʩչʲôһ˿塣һȭȻǿһ֡
ҲЩȣȻûжƷȫʢȴѾʹ˰˳ˡ˳ɵֻǿΰһߣ֪ţȭΰӳɶôǿ
ǿ
ĵ׻˵ƷʵԭҪʰƷѡΪΰԵʣʰΰҪѵֽҲȻС
ţȭҲȻΰȴ¶ںȻΰΪʩչǾһֻΪȥˡ
ߣΰһв֮ӸոսʰѾǲˡһ뵽ھȻŷʵΰͺ޵ֱҧ뵱ƴűص˵ӣҲҪҶʰˣҪˣҲ䵽ֵز
ģôģ̶ʱ䣬һ˳ɳұȼĳ̶ȣΰһĿתһ޶־ѣ֮һ
С֣ţǵĶעЧһµʱŹһࡣһúģҪΪмʵΪԼ˲𡣡ΰ˦ºݻ
㣡㿴ΰνʼ
ߣΰʵĿһۣȻת뿪
ΰת뿪û׷ȥ˵ΰ
Ѵ𺳿һĻ޷һֺΰᱻһССҶˣʵʵļʶˡǰ꣬ȻĵײϲǲòΰԱˣݻ˵µģֻһ
ѴʼѵԸˣڵӢۺŮ磬չ·չڣǲӦһ£ȻܻհҪ
ŭ㣬Ҷûһ˿ΪҶľҵϷ
ιС椣ոҿǾ㡣ôԴӢ۵𣿡ܲĶ˵
ѺһҲò˶٣һԶѡ
ίһųƿСɾˣôܺͶԴϱߡ
С椣ҳԣǻ˵Ҫ˵Ҷԣɱ顣ݺݵĿѣֺåаа飬۾Ű͹µѣĿⶨѵظϣаȵ˵˵ҶԣҲʹһѵŶǿʵҲᣡ
ңѺüԣŭ㡣
ٺ٣ʲôҵģϷҸŮĳСֶŮǿҲҵ롣ааıƽѣƺĶʲôƵġ
˾ٶͷһҲ룬һ̧˹ȥ
û뵽˵־Ͷ֣ûü㣬ѲԶ㣬һߵСϣҵʹһ޵Ķ˵㻹ˣå
˵ĻŤͷߡ
ûѣѿڸոѱߵĵطһƤѾƣ͸Ѫ
۵Ķһ˿ʩչ˾ѾֹܲС½Żݵġ
ûжΰţԿЦţ㲻ɿЦһ룺ô޺𣿸ΰ
Ҳһִ󣡡˦˦ͷѿŷ¡ֹŮ˺ñ뺷Ժһ㣡

ΪСĸ࣬㻹Ǻɵģµĵй䣬Ҳûκȥ£
ȻйܿͱСˣҪţҪš
ҪȻûа취ܾģֻܸһյĻУҲ֪ҪȥĵطڵĲ
С㣿ȥʲô۾ɻʵļУղϲˣһĵطԸ֡
¥ƷողƷӦûҲûʺõġȥܲܵõһտ˵
Ʒ㾪ȵĿգմϢ˵ȱرǸոպΰֺ󣬸Ƿǿǣһֻ벻ʲô취ܵõһȴû뵽վ͸ϲѶ
رһƷ͸о˷ܲˡ
ΪĸÿƷΰһţȭƼƷҲ˵¥ֵҪΰǿϺܶ࣬˷ܲѣҪܵõΰĿֱˡ
ǰഺ޵գĵ׶һָм벻˵˻ϲһ
ȥܲܵõͲ֪ܹҪԵġտ˵
ŷӦһƷСѾϼĶˣ϶ܶˣ˶ҪС
һȷʵȱܲԸ᣺С㣬ȥɣ
յͷܰ˵ģ۸㡣



29 ټٻ
Ȼʮ꣬Ǹ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̡󣬾ʮۡһɫĽȹİݵ쾡££ƽ̹ĺƽ̹ԣϸ£Բ͹һĻȣ次ʱվĻ㲻֪ٳһЩգεȵĻ
õ㣬ͻȻͷűӣоЩҺЦáҲ㻨ԲˣǴ˿̾Ȼ䵽ѪĵزоЩκˡǣͬʮΡʮ壬̫ܲסջ󣬸ܺǰʮ
㣡ͷʲôոо·ٶͻȻתͷ㣬Ǽ·ʽ̲סʵ
ֻ뿴·ܲܿ·ش
մ㵣оҶԴǲֱˣ·ôܿ·⻹õ˳
ͷ󡣡˫ֲ䣬Ŀ㡣
ʼ磬ֻܵͷҺõǣһͷıѪѾֹסûͷҪȻоһӢĻٵˡǰ˻еģ
ˣյĴ£ߵһ¥¥ʮֹɫ㣬СҲһĵط֮һ
ȻСһˣڸ¥˼յϽӭȥȻմһ˽ȥҲ˵ʲô¥չǲܴ˵ġ
գôҲˣؼյĵȵĺա
СͲƫƫҪպһֵ㣡
˵꣬ղأһĵطȥ
յĵȻ˺ܶˡΰһرǿվȻһҶ¥Ĩһ㲻ϲǿϲ˲ܽĵطôһ˽
ñѣΰһվȵȥط𣿡
ʲô飬СҪ˭ʹ˭ҪҲŭˣ۸ĸ࣬ⲻ۸
㡭ΰû뵽ջһӶɫЩͨ죬ΰҶԴյĺǳ⣬Ϊ֮һ
ǺǣС仰˵ˣڳôˣԸһΪ𣿡ΰԱЦվƷĶ˵
СԸΪ飬ôŰɣѵҪѱСҲҪϳȥɣյԽԽˬһôװơ
СˡֻǲԸΪǡСҪִƽƽǶȻǲͬġλ˵ǰɣ۾ܿһȺӪС
˵Ķԣһôŵĸ¥
ǣǹ壬ܺ˴һҪǴôһ£
ҪһƽĻǻСһӡһ˼ļҶһңֱǣ

һĻ𣬳ȻʼЩʧ߿ѡ
û뵽ôɣȻȺԸ㣬ոоѹѹֵסղȴҵСй塣
ոϵ޲ߵʱһ䲻һ𣺡λ֪ɷһ
һĿתһ䣬һˡӢǷһŮޣѤ֮
ˣ¶֮ɫ˵رΪ׵ļоѹֻȻ󣬵һ͵ټ˲Ǹط඼ǳĬģû뵽˿̻ڡ
㣬ˡ˵ļҪܽύһòˡ뷨İ壬һ˵Щ˶
Ǻǣܹӣ֪ܹҪ˵ʲôܹҪΪǸҶ飬ͲõˣǾԲӪеܹݵġЦеĶ˵ȥתٻϣٻֵŵһУֵŵһеʣһҰջ󣬼˵ҡ
ſһۣûлشĻǺ԰·յķ
˵Ŀⶼϣ֣һ򶼸߰ٻαĿסܶ嶼ֺǵȦӣһͷĻƫƫڵȦӣú֮ܶ͡
ȻаأԹȦӣ׵˵ûСڹϣ˴ʱǾĴһ䣬һУ·֮ĸ߸ϡһɳ޷ͻƵ
ϰӱ˵ԷҲѿЩֻĿա˳Ļ߲ɡ
Ǿһڹ㶪ȥʱǰֵȴǴ۾һŵĿһ͵ѹȫＸˡ
ߵǰȭͷؿڴһȭŵȻ¶һЦݣżϲ˵СӾȻһҡ
ǰһĻðڵĹ嶼оˡ׶Сܣ˿ȴһҶ¶ƵЦݣܹϵһ˼ʵķ
ظǵɴ۾˶Ա˹ִȴˣ
ͬû뵽ˣЦЦ͵Щ飬ԼҪߣ
˵꣬㿴ٻ㣬Ů˻ľջ󣬶գգ۾˵ûҰɣ
ٻͷŤһԣûпĻٴӡ
Ѿ߲ˡʼ˵ôûУ
Ȼ֪ʲôЦŵͷǵöл㡣СӵҲ̫ˣǶҵ㣬ǵջǲֵһˡ
ҡҡͷ˵⣬ЦЦָԱߵ˵ҵĶС㣡
һ㶣漴Źֵʵ㲻ǼҶɣ
ʼ磬˿Ϊ˵ٰ
仰԰ضһۣӵٻ㣬ʱҲתͷ㣬д⡣


30 ǽ
ǼҶ̲סһʶһɴ۾Ǻһ߸˲
ǣⲢ˸о𺳵ģ𺳵һ仰˵㷳бҪƭ𣿡
ͬɴ۾Ŀ㣬˺˵仰оĪҡ˸˵ǣеССļҶȴ˵ˡؾȵǣûһ˿Ĳ֮ɫ
ʱнˣ㶵Ŀ㣬оҶԽԽˣһ򲻰ѱ˷ﶼ˺ơֺƣȥȦ˱¶ûйѵ˵㵱Ȧˣôܣ
ôǼҶЦãദȻ֪档ԭΪһ㲻Ǵ󸻵ļ壬Ҳ϶һеĻļ壬һǣ޷󵽵ǣȻһҶ
֣Ҷٱ갡԰ͻȻʵ
ţɻĿ԰أ԰ôͻȻôʣ
԰غȻһЦ˵֣ҪҼɡٺ٣ҸҸʮΣ
ݣ԰صĻ̲סһʮҲ˼˵ֵĲѧʶԼֵ档Ըÿ°䳤ϵĵλд֡
һ仰һڹһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀô׳֦Ͳ˵ˣܼҵĿ䳤ͷǸоˣܼҵĿ䳤ȻҲˡǵλĺܶ嶼˲ֻһҪǣ䳤ϵλߣҲ£ɣͨˡ
·ĻٺһЦһ䳤Ͼ֣ҪԸҵĻҸΣ
·ĻһƬȻһԴķʹ汻ΪӵĻǴԽţҲޱȡ
С˹ʺ𣿾ȻС
һڹȴ֪·ʲô·˴ٻǵ֪һߵͬʱһʿһŷͬѰٻ˵ͬѰ֣Ǿǲ򵥵ҪǣȻͽץףΪ𺳺;ĵطһƷͽץף޷жô̬ľٶһˣԼ壬Ǿһʴջ
֣ҪҪǿǣЦ
˶ջһЦãû뵽˾ȻֱǽţôҪڣҲҪ˽͵͵ڰܵ˹ڡصһθоĿи߸ϵˣԭҲô޳ܡ
ȻͬЦõĻ㣬ָоＸ˺룬ǲҪ֯һᣬֱˣ˵һҹ
ҵˣ˭Ҳ룡ըˣż˾Ȼǽǣ
ˣ￴ȻһЦ֣û뵽ԭѾٺ١
ݣҳںΪ飡Цݣ̲סһ
ȻһЦҲЦ漴һۣĿΪյĻŶݵʧ񣬵ϾͷӦ֣˵ģҶʲôģǼ壬ȻõĴ
仰˵Ŀⶼע⵽ϣΪӦʱȴҡҡͷЦЦλˣҶҸо̹ͦģû뻻طҺԼҲ߲ˡ
ﻹ׼˵ʲôȴٻϣ
Ťͷһٻ㣬ٻҡͷһ㶣漴Цļ˵ҲգǺǣҶҶģʵû𡣡
˲֪Ｘ˶ΪʲôôߣǼ˺ܣһҲϳȥ顣
գܾ˸оЩ˼顣տＸ˿ûһҶֵܵס˵Լ飬Ȼᵱ档ҪԸߣܼҵԼʲôֱҪ϶͸
㣡ģҲίġռܾﻹ࣬ͬжѣһŵ
ЦЦĶС㣬㻹ǺϲģȷʵչԼ
СˣҼҶûһЦ
˵ҲԣոյͻˡЦЦĿתغգЩʵ˵ļҶȷʵ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôô˵ǻǺܿЦܹӿˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ʲôҲ˵ľȣϯߣ԰صȻҲߡ
һĻдһ˿ʣȴܺõס׼鷳ΰ˵Ǻ㶷ռˡ
ΰȻʣҲ֪ݣֻܰ

֣һζлˣҪ㣬ٻ׶༪٣￴˵һξ͸оһ¡
Ŀ⿴ٻ㣬Ŀɨٻ̵ͦظϣ𵱳Ϊٻ˿ʱ컣ͷ̲סһȡٻƺ֪ʲôһΣݺݵĵһۡ
ֿˣһöлǴȥǸ߶ءǺǣ˵ˣ˵Ʒ𣿡ʳ֪顣
Цôǳģ
ҲΣûгֵù
ͷƷڵʵʺϣȻҪȵǿܲܰﵽ֡
˱лˡЦ
ռԸ㣬ȻϲոǽţĵȴǺܸˡϾõĳɹʴ
ϧûдҪһˡЩź˵
ЦҡҡͷĿܣȴŲ¥˳ִ


31 Ҷ˼
ȴŸ¥˵ʱ򣬴Ӹ¥¼ˣ㶨Ÿ¥Ͽȥ
һۣͳ׵ĴĿ鲻Խıǵ׵ӰסӸ¥µ룬һɢŮˡŮһͬ֬ļˮ͸ŵ˼ĺΡεӣСջ΢΢Ļȣ˼ԸУһ˫ӹǣǹ˶࿴۱ʧءһɫĽ۽欻𱬵İݵ쾡££һԼͦȻɽҪ¶ϸ£Բę͹һĻȡ次ǳһ㣬͸ģ̲סа
κô꣬ŮѾˣǿŮˣ̲סʧأĿ͵ĶŮϡͬʱܹźȻŮκ˶а
ŮˣͬͣŮŮ˿̲ס
鲻ԽĻŻһתͷһۡɰٻŮ˶Աһ¡Ǻܿ㷢֣Ů˵ŮȻⲢΪŮıȲŮˣΪŮδȫ죬ţŮҪǳĻȻҲǻ
ǶʵѾʮĳ˵Ů˶ջҪԶԶǿպٻ㡣ųŮ˵ζɬŮȻǷȱ㡣
ʵʶʮ͵˵ܸоŮľĶǡ
ص˻񣬵ǾԲľĶǵĸܡĲ࣬ص˵ͣٻ˵ɬ
ŬİĿŮƿƽϢһͷ𺳵ż
ٺ٣ǲǾŮ˺Ưں׳ǿɲСﵽ˲֪ĵزߺȻһЦ
㻹δ˵վ˵Ǻ׳Ǹ޴µǸŮˣҶ˼ǸŮˣ
ҪΪأǸŮɫﵹǻش仰
𣿡ʵ
͵ĸԭҶҼҶǵ۹ҵҡʮʱ򣬰ĸϢһᡣⳡΪĳ֣˸еޡлһλ۹ľǿáɫ˵û
Ļ㵹һû뵽Ů˾Ȼ¼
ҲġĸһͻȻʧҶҼ̳СһټҶҾͱƿأЩҶҲ»·ҲԵֻûҶҸƽȴ˿ԽԽҡ˵ֻôСȻλҶҲǰչҶҴС㡣
ڳˣûһ뵽¥˻Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ߵ¥ģ˫ǵ峺ɨһȦһӶֱ۾ܿ쳣˵ŸλǰʮֱǸ¥˵ƷȴʵˣѶ
Ҷ˼Ļ£һѾߵݸһŵһ鼮Ҷ˼ӹǰϣһڹЦƷǺǣֻһڳһλõ
ֳȫҶ˼ƿأ£û˭˵һĿƵעҶ˼Ϊ֮ǣ
Ҷ˼СҪҰһ£Բ׳Ȿ֪λɷҶ˼Ҷ˼һ˵
仰ʱһͱҶ˼Եͷת˷ܵغҶ˼С˵ܰﵽһ˵Բԣ
ԡԣҶ˼С㣬˵ɣ쳹¥룬ŮȻܴ̼˵ĺö
ǺǣҶ˼ͲˣһǰСǰһЩ飬ǷȱһЩ֣λСͷҶ˼ǽһЩ֣֪𣿡Ҷ˼ת˫峺˳Խȥ۾һЦ˵
Ҷ˼СҪ٣ǺǣҸлһЩҶҶ˼СҪĻȽȥã
ǺǣҸۡҲһЩ

Щ˵飬оһգĵҲ̫ûеֿ˰ɣ˼˵һ䣬ǾʲôӦˣС˼Ұˡ
ǱллˡҶ˼һµľǽ費ˣʱ鷳ˣȴû뵽Щ顣Ҷ˼֪ǳòⶼҪҪ
С䣡ȥǼһ£λóҶ˼ߵһѾ˵
ǣߵѾ߸ϽӦֽȥǼǡ
һǼСҲߵߣؿдҲдһʮ
СתһȦ󣬰ѵǼǵֽҶ˼Ҷ˼һۣ漴˵ͷСߣ漴˵лˣǺǣҲ˵ϻˣͰѴҰæıҰɡ
˵꣬Ҷ˼˵ֻһܲ˺ѿҡҾһ취ҳ⡣ܴģ͵õΣòģҲԹ
ͰҶ˼Сİ죡˻ûڣ˵
￪ڣһڹҲӦ뻹ǴӦ飬Ҷ˼˵һܲ˺ָңǾֻܸƾˡ˭ҲԸԼȱ˲˴ӦʲôɲӦ
ǺǣȻˣǾллˣҶ˼촽ӣķջһЩٴι
С䣡⣡Ҷ˼ºܸɴ࣬ڵõ˴Ӧ󣬾˳ȥѳϽѾߡ
С˵ͷȡѾ׼õĿˣСĵһ⣺һһ򡣴Сȵȶһģһǵ۾ֱܷܲηֱ棿
һһʱһڹӸͬʱüͷ



32 
С仰£һڹ嶼˼ֻһףǶԸȻֳһ˼ž
Ҷ˼˫Ȼˮ۾ˣϴŵЦ⣬֮ĿÿڱתǸעӵĹŬͦͦء
žĸ¥·˼һ̲סﱧԹһʲôĿ۾ΪһϹӣôܰһģһĺڰӷֱ濪
·ıԹʼң֪Ҷ˼˵ģ˵ѡһûд𰸵Ŀ
ٻ·ĻͻȻ˵飬ûб£ͱҴĦˡ
ٻάҶ˼ʼЦЦҲûٻⶫֻǶٻƲƲ죬ʾˡ
ٻĿĴתһ£¥˶üͷȻǱĿѵˡٻĿתƵʱȴҴԵĵģٻһ漴㺰ι֪𰸣
оܳû뵽Ů˻˵ҲҡҡͷҲᣬҼСᡣ
һ仰˶ĿתգĿֱӣЩţϽֵҲ
ջû˵꣬ͱϵСģǰ㻹̹أ
ţչŹֵĿ㣬ʲôʱ̹ˣ
ЦЦͻȻͷ쵽յĶߣյĶ˵˼仰ձ˿ȵϢĶϣĨһ˺Σ㻰˵ոӹŹֵĿ㣺Ŀԣ
СԲ֪ˣ˵
ãնΣȻҲ룬ֱӶųк֪𰸣
һ仰˶תͷա
Ҷ˼վĻգһЦǾСΪǽһ¡
ܼ򵥣õ̫ɹһ̵һǺһǰ򣡡˵һۣȴͶһοЦݣջЩķ
Ҷ˼գдż־ȣɹżȻֵģóҲܽû뵽ǰĻŮȻ׵Ľˡ
СȻѩҶ˼Ļȷմ𰸵ȷ
˴㵵Ŀգ޷𰸣ɹֳ̫ܷ
ڳĺܶƺ𰸣¶ãҶ˼΢΢ЦЦźϢӣǺǣмӣҿȥһ¡
˵꣬СͰѼӶ
·̲סȡӳȥҲмСȡһԳȥ
ռȥĴ𰸣ԭµˣ˵С㣬ҪԼ
հһۣҵĴ𰸣ȻԼˣ
һ֮·˴žȵĻص¥Ѿ·ĵ˵Ҷ֪˴𰸣һ˶ȵעգ޷ŮԴ棬ô뵽ĪĴ𰸣
ͬ˷ܣû뵽ĪĴ𰸾ˡһڹ嶼ȵעոоʮֵ泩ûܹĿĸо
㣡ղε㣬¶󣺶С㶼ûԣô֪أС۾涾
˶žȵעգֻи˲žȵĿһۣȻƳȥֲɵӣյıо֪֮ǰͲ㡣
С֣ҸٴĽ˵
ЦЦûлشĻĿתǸߵŮˣŮ˵ͷʾ£Ѿٴγ˵ڶ⣡
ţһţһǼšһһһԶ˵滰һ˵ѻһ⣬šλС㹫ӣɡС乪һĬĬȴˡ
ȻҶ˼Ŀ򵥣˵˵ѣ
ǰѧϰˣ֪ɫյĹ߸࣬ڵһ⵹ǲѽǶʲô˵Ҫǽˡֻ飬Ůǹ壬ʲô飿ڶ⣬Щ˵˼ά˵ͬЩΪǡŹֵĿҶ˼Ů˲ĹЩϸɣ
㣡ЦôаǲдˣտĹŹЦݣ̲סʵ
С㣡һ飬ǴЦݡѣȻѹ˵ͷ
¶ϲɫϽͷֻ죬Ǵһ˿Ц⡣ϲȸԾģഺȻϲֱĿĸоǾٸɣΪһϸļҶŮ˸ҲǱرĹ
ڸ˵ע£յĶֹһһĻø̲סһݣСӲ֪𰸰ɣ붼룿
Ȼֹһ֮Цݸʢø·˶һۣ˶ԷеΣǲ̫ˣ⻹һҶģȺȻȲһҶ
˽ʱҶ˼ĿҲϡжһɻ
˽꣬ϼ͵غ֪
ôУҡҡͷСŮȻסҪñ˸ӳݣȵȴһˣű˵ļ򣬲ñ˸ӣҴҵģ˳ݵȾСˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôҪ֪ȻҪű˵ΰӵ޳ܺа񣬲յԸڱ󣬿϶ᰴ˵
Ҷ˼Ŀһ㣬漴ЦǾСɣ
һʶĸţôش𣿡һ˵滰ģͻ˵شġôһžšһ˵ٻģͻ˵شһġôžš
Ȼö벻һͷȴû뵽𡣡
ڵһĿڶȻȤˡֻöû뵽ͷȴһơøĿ̲סٴɨ㡣
￴ֻʼ磬ŸװǷĵǶСǱѩܱȣ
ݣСӵǿգǽſհԼˣ


33 Ƽһ
⣬һ˼ΪȣյɫŮ˾ҲˣǾȻô⻹Щô
һЩԭջ뷨꣬ʱҲƽҪһ𣬻᲻ѩŮ˸ѹƣԼŮ˱Լ˵һܱҵ飬˵ͻΪ޹ϣ
Ŀգʮĸо˫ĵת˼־鶯գգ۾СŮ˵Ľ
ˣСŮ˻湻ģĵͬ泩㣬һŮģ˵Ҳһ顣
ǻ׼ġС⣬ûбҪˡҶ˼תһ˷ӦĿע⵽Ҷ˼۰ͬ֬ϣŵһƷ
С㣬͸ɡҶ˼ЦٻĶպ˵
տһۣͷҶ˼ȥоЩѣû뵽ô򵥾͵õԭΪõһҪѲʱ䣬Һпܶ䣬벻Ҷ˼ͳѵˣΨѵСҶĿ
С㣬պˣҶ˼ݸգĿⲻɨϣ˵СļҶ
Ҷ˼һ仰˲Ҷ˼֪Щʲôɫ̲ס˺죬Ҷ˼ͷЩŶոջ߼ҺҼǽء
Ҷ˼ոڸ¥ҲһĻʱҲȸ֣µһҶԭܺ棬ڿȴҶȷʵЩڲͬ
Ҷ˼̲סٴһ㣬òҶȷʵڲͬԸ˶̸ЦҪ֪ǼҶݣ˭뵽һ̸Ц꣬һˡϣһ˿˵ıϥ
СøҶ˼̾һ䡣
պҶ˼򵥵˵˼䣬߻ԭһ˿еľἵ쳣յעǲ⣬Сϣȥһû˭ȥա
ȣ̲ס̾һֻ˼Ȼ˵ȥˣǾûҪ飬ĿⲻٴתƵҶ˼ϣߵŮˣ鲻ԽĳС
ջصߣѶݸ˵㣡ԺͲΰˡ
ЦŽӹллС㣡
ҡҡͷⱾõġո档
ԺһöСøġЦ˵Ҳװ뻳С
״㹰ֵϲˣ
ҲˬʵЦԼһˣֻҪ뿪ܿʼˡһ似ʵضٴδǡΰ֮Ѿˡ
ΪҶ˼ûעյľٶΰȴۼհݸ㡣ΰĵ׾̲ס
һĻüͷΰҡҡͷԺ֡
ΰȻʣ뵽ͬΪƷ壬ټһ˿ʤ㶼ûСΰֻܵͷԸԳֶԸ̲סϲʵҪԳֵĻȻʰŵļҶ
һ˲ߣôʰ㡣ΰֹ
Ȼΰûмг̸ЦǾǰСҶ͵ôܵĹϵͲС˵ܽ˴Ϲϵ
ĵʱҶ˼ͻȻŤ߲֪õö˴ѲѵĽͷĹɹаһоڸ
Ҷ˼ߵ֮ǰĿ欻ˮǸоԷĻľĶǡʹɫȮô꣬оЩ١Ůˣһһǣ˵
ٻ㣡ҲСˡҶ˼ٻٻ⣬˯ʳ峺͵Ĺâ
Ҷ˼㣡ٻҶ˼һŵ¶һЦݣҶ˼ġ
Ҷ˼ٻһ۵Ҷ֪С˵⻰̫ˡҪæ֪ԸԸ⣿
ţٻ㿴Ҷ˼֪ϲĽŮˣҪʲô
Ҷ˼ٻ˵ȥɡ
ٻҶ˼ϵȻϤ˵ͷ͸Ҷ˼¥ȥ

һһСʧ˵У̲סۿ·˵ٻʲôʱŮнˣ
·ҡҡͷǰҲ֪
԰ȴ̲סֹٻҲ̫ˣҶ˼ô춼ܸǣ˵һ׷ء
ûѰɣģһ׷󣿡ﲻǴ԰صĻᣬӵ˵
԰ضĴȻΪ⣬ʼ˵˵˵ѣ㲻һ׷ʶŮҲǺ˳Եġ
԰صĻѵõûзͬĵͷ
˵Ļ΢΢ЦЦ˵ٻҲٳ꣬Ҳһǻˮ
·ȻһЦ˵̫Ϥ֡
ݡ̲סŭһ΢΢ƣúΪ飬ֱо澡ʧ

¥㣬һŲԱߣҶ˼ٻһʵô
ٻŴϵӣȻʶ˭Ҷ˼ĸ谮һˡҶ˼Ҷ壡ҶҶ˼Ϊ谮Ҷ˼ĸʧ֮ҲһֱҪΪҶ˼ҶҵĴҪѿҶˣٻ˵ʵֲײ¡һˣʱȴڴϣٻʮ𾪡
ûа취ΣҶ˼żٵʵٻǰҶ塣ϾٻһˮϵʿҶ֮ʮ˽⡣Ȼδ֮ǵԶ˽˵Ѿ֮ܶʿˡҲҶ˼ٻԵʡ
ٻٴϸϸĴ̽һ֮ҡҡͷܵƣһܽм峤ҽΡƺڻһɴŶصδ֮̽ʲô
Ҷ˼һף۵ĶףһΪֲ۵Ķס
ףٻ㾪һڣⶫʮֲֿȻ׵𡣵Щֲ۳ĺףЩȼһ˿ǿ
Ҷ֮߶׿϶򵥲ˡ
ûа취ٻҡҡͷ
仰˲Ҷ˼ɫҰ˼֣ҶԽԽȥֲ˶졣СǿҲʮƷߣҲҽҶ塣
ٻҶ˼ˣ΢΢룬վǿڵҵǿƼһԡ



34 
˭Ҷ˼¶һϲ˫峺ܴʹ˵ӴĶٻ㡣
ǸССļҶ㣡ٻ˵仰ʱвĴһֻҶ尲ȫҶ˼û⣬Ǽ侪ٻ˵һˣ
Ҷ˼ܻɵĿٻ㡣
ٻͷȥߵͬʱһʿһǰЩ˲ƣ¾Ȼ̶ͿһܶԾмãȴЧ
ٻΪһʿ׹ļֵ㻹˽⡣
һʿҶ˼Ǵ㵲ѣȻʿôΪһļҶʿݣڵ۹൱ġʿˣλ硣
ϲĶȤζɡٻ㵭˵ֻҶ˼ٻ΢ķ̰Ϣ
ˣѵȵù㣿Ҷ˼⣬һ꼶ٻˣܳٻ㣿
ٻ˵СܾҶĻǾֻΪļλλĽҲеƷĲΡƷҵļȻҲУȴʩչġǣȴƷʵʩչƷ
Ҷ˼Ҷж棬δļʩչƷһ漣
ٻ㿴Ҷ˼˵ң˵ʺϲǽΪ㡣ΪҶеĺףֻа취
а취ףҶ˼ϲѣ֮˶ĺףǸСģ
ٻҡҡͷҲȷܰɣ
ٻ㲻ʱͽץףҰɵһĻףҲɺװɡں״˵ƣٻ벻ͨС˭ʺϡ
ǾһԡҶ˼ҧıݣĴżᶨٻ㣬ȥһɡ
ңٻָָԼıӣܲԸһ޳ܵļһֻҶ˼ɻĿע£ǸϽͷӦϾҪҶ˼ΪʲôԸ⣿ôشѵҪҶ˼˵쵰˺·زɣҪô˵ˣ֪Ҷ˼ʲô
ǾٻˡҶ˼л˵
ٻҡҡͷǸŶ˿ı飬ŲŸ¥ȥ

˼ٻ㲢ûȥþͻɾȵʵͻˣ
ٻûдߵǰ㺰ιҶ˼ȥ¥㡣
ȥ¥㣿㵣ǸŵߵľŮôѵΪ˧ҲܰȻʵȷʵ˧һŮУȫһδɵСƨڳҶ˼˵ۣǵһС
ܻٻĶŮǲǱ˺·ˣԹ⴫һϢŮ˵ĺʹͲСӹ
㻹ŸʲôȥٻȻﲻɴһִߴ١
Ŷٻߴ٣Ŷһ䣬ȻվƨɣŸ¥¥ȥ
ٻ׾ͬһ˾ͲԼٻȴ֪ʲô㿴ٻ£ٻСһǡСֶǰѾ֪ԹٴˣѾ˿ˡ˵⵹ýӽҶ˼һûᣬҶ˼¥ԡʲôġһ۸ͬʱԺ޹İһζƵٻϡ
￴Ÿ¥ȥ㣬ɻĿٻ˵Ҷ˼
ٻ㵭Įɨһۣһû˼ƭһˡ
ݡõٻش̲סһСǲ߹ʺˣҶ˼ȻģΪʲôǣ
ѵͷҶ߻𲻳ɣ
ٻ˵Żʱߵ¥¥ݵͻȻתͷĿٻ㺰мˡ
ţٻɻĿһ㣬֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ʵҽ㣡СιһСιҲܰҵĿٻ㣬ں⡣
ٻ̲סҲץǰıӣݺݵ˹ȥ쵰ô
ȻҲܲ仰յˣץϵıӣݺݵ㡣ܼı㣬ͷһϽ첽ϸ¥
Ⱥ쵰ҵˡʵ˵߷߲ƽ

ߵ¥ӾͿʼĵǸŮˣ˿̻᲻ԡ
ߵ¥⣬ָ΢΢ѹѹţĶƿصļã΢΢һѹѹһ϶
̽ͷŷ϶ȥǴһ˿аȡֻ̽ͷȥûмеޡǿһ뺷վҶ˼ǰ¶׹⣬дһ˿޵ࡣ
Ҷûҵ̤㡣Ҷ˼û뵽˾Ȼ˴󵨣Ȼֱ߽ķ䡣еֲ
Ҷ˼ϵҪǻȻҽǣⲡشʲôвҵ𣿡ҶȻһЦ
Ҷһˣ·ϣҶ˼ŭĿҶĨһ࣬һơ
ҶҶ˼һɫ̲סһ㣬ȴǲʾߣΪǴС㣡Ҷҵֻүͷˡһ겻ɷ˽ҿν
ҵ飡Ҫָָ㡣Ҷ˼Ҷȵ
ͣҵҪǲҶ壬ʲôɣҶЦ˽ල㣬ٺ٣Ҫɲˣɱʰ㡣
վ㣬û뵽һȫȻ෴ĳ档
ȥҶ˼Ҷŭȵ˫峺۾žǿƣŵǣȻѪ˿ӣ˲͵һ˲䣬о͵ľƺһϾŮӵİƣһĪ
ôãûһŮ˲鴥ϧҲϰԵıۡǣҶ˼ȴǵһһۿžͿƲסĵŮˡ
˿ȫţһŮ֮Ϊǣǲġ׵槼ΪʲôܻҲΪʲôоΪһЦϷ
һҡҡͷҡڳͷƿţֱֱȥ
Ҷ˽һһ꣬ŭȣֻע⵽Ҷ˼ǴѪ˿ʱ̻ȥҶ˼£Ȼеʮѹ֡˵һ仰ͷ뿪ֲľٶóŵҶΪʲô


35 
ˣҶ˼ǿЦЦȻŤͷֱ۲ᣬ΢
㲢ûлرܣߵҶ˼ǰǰҶ˼Өھ覵ϣʹҶ˼ȻվţϽֲ˫ӣֻӨˮԽԽࡣ
Ҷ˼ϻˮƺ޵ίȻ֪Ҷ˼׳ʲôǴӸոյһĻУƺҲܲ²һ㡣
һССͶ۸ڼĵλεȵ¡Ů˵̫þǺ¡һûݵλŮˣ̫ڱ˶Լ̫Σա
ȻҶ˼һˡҶҴСͷûƥĵλҪԼҪŬԶԶѵĶࡣһͶſ֮ģܿôƣ
ߵŮˣ㼸ܸоŮ˳ܵޱίƣ
̾һߵһȡʪëҶ˼㣡ÿ֣ëͺˣ
ëҶ˼žϣİҶ˼ۡ
Ҷ˼˫Ѿ΢΢׵۾ëеίƵıֳ
ˣŷϰɡʪëݸҶ˼
Ҷ˼ӹ˷ֹסˮ˿ϵ㷢Щ˼Ŀ㣺˼㿴ʧ̬ˡ
ҡҡͷ룺һܲˣ̫ίѹŻֻһεԼǰᡣ
Ҷ˼ҪʲôίĻԺ˵˵Ҳܰ㣬һõڡЦſҶ˼
Ҷ˼ָһЩЦŶҡҡͷû£һЩ飡
Ҷ˼˵ĿⶢҶ˼ӡҶ˼ôţЩҵıܿ
Ҷ˼ڽİ˵ǰɲСŶЦЦ
Ҷ˼ǰС꣬˫峺۾Ȼйĳ嶯
ʵҶ˼㲻˵Ҳ֪Ҷ˼ĵߵ֮ͬ꣬Ҷ˼ҪӦЩˣҲƣɡǺǣҶ˼㲻óôƯġЦ
һ仰Ҷ˼̲סչһЦϾ㲵Цݣһ𺳵㲾öģ̲ס
һСӣ֪ʲôеߵҶ˼̲סһۣҶ˼ǰһһСкһСкһԸ˵Ļ̲סʧЦ
εʼ磬֪ǰҶ˼ǰСƨ߲ʮ굥ҲΡ
Ҷ˼ǣĿⶨҶ˼¶ķظϣȻܿ棬ϵİ𪼡۸
Ҷ˼ĿⷽЩ󣬵ûűܿ㣬Ҷ˼ǰ껹㲻롣
СС;ͻŮˡ󻹲֪ôˡҶ˼Цһ㡣
Ҷ˼ô˵ǺȻһЦĵҶ˼û˵ǰ⻨Ի㲻úˡ
˶ûȤһҶ˼㡣ŮŻġʼĿ⺬ЦҶ˼ϾϣĿЩȡ
Ҷ˼ȻʧЦֵߣҪĳûɵһš뵽СģоúЦԼôˣôᱻһСŪĻңСһС;͸ҵϷŮˣҪúýѵ㣬Ժ̫񡭡
ͷȥһȥҶ˼Ƶ˵Ҷ˼Ҫѵ˵ĻغܶԸҶ˼ѵ
Ҷ˼ǰĵ꣬ĵ׺ЦѣССͣϲװˡҪٻȷϣҶ˼治һҶ
ˣܲ㣡ССͣϲӦٻС֡Ҷ˼ЦЦ˵˻ͷ൹Ǽࡣ
ɬСȵҶ˼ķ֣
Ҷ˼仰Ц˳ŵǳЦʣ㶮ʲô֣
Դ⸱壬ĺŮҶ˼Ľ޶˵ĺЦЩε˵ǰҶ˼Ͷˡ
٩Ҷ˼Ķͷǰ꣬ڵ궼ѧ˵Ȼǰųȣȴûг̰꣬ûвԱ˶
Ҷ˼ָĶͷһ£ԺҪٻԶһЩĺпƭˡ
ƭûսԣƭҶ˼гɾ͸СƲƲ죬Ŀ⿴ǰֵŮӣճĶߣʮֶġ
Ҷ˼һעӣƽ˼ɬֻε˵ˣˣСɫǵǱʡ
žϴ糺죬ɢǳЦʵҶ˼룺Ҳͦõģʮ޺Ҫһ˿һֱԴɡ
ͻȻãǲǳڵ޺ȥٸŮˡʹͷСƨģȥٸŮˣѶϵʮ֮ΪҶ˼̬ȾܿóǸԼˡ
Ҷ˼ǰͻȻյ꣬ҲޱȷɡոװŵֵģЦȻ
ҶĺȤ
԰ɣܰһæ𣿡Ҷ˼ʵ
ʼ磬һŮ˵ӦܾܾɣȺûϢ֮еһ
Ҷ˼˵ЦЦ˵
Ҷ˼ߵԱߣӴǰһź˿ӡ
ܾܲҶ˼ʵ˫ǵӴ
Ҿ㵣ŮôôһҪҽ
ٻ˵Ծ
㿴ǰŮˣüͷ΢΢壬ĵ׵û뵽ٻƳⲻǸѼϼ
Ҷ˼ڴĿ⣬оͷƤ飬֮˵԰ɡ
˵仰ӵķȥоͷ۲ѣһһҽ˶ȥⲻǿЦ
ٻŮˣҪҸˡôЦأ
һȻ֪ôźãǻǺúõΪӲ̽һûпʲôʱҲ룬ʩչ˾
Ҫ˵ҽҲֻоϵ̨档
һˮĤӵϣ㾪ȵǣԭϵĺ˿Ȼ˼֣ˮĤȥһ̣ɫ˼ֺ󣬲ˮĤʧʱɫٴβ԰ףֻʧļ˿ȴûٸ֡
סҲЩȣû뵽Чû룬һٴδӵϡ


36 ҽ
ϣԭĺ˿˲٣ֻɲѣɫҰ㿴һĻĵ֪ӼʹаǰҲʮޡ
תͷ׼Ҷ˼˵ʲôΪҶ˼ӣʩչ빭סע㣬㿿ʮֽ͵תͷֲľ벻幫֡
ôܸо΢ȵϢԼϣõģŰŮ¥епǿ˵Ҷ˼㣡ĺϢ
ѧ컬࣡Ҷ˼ɫһ˿糺죬㿿ôҲܸܵ³Ϣϣ˵ĳȣ̲סһţź浹˼
Ҷ˼װһۣվֱҶ˼磬촽ͬ峿õ廨꣬ëճزظʺϸĽ㽫޳ȱ۾žܸо˵ջԣ̰Ŀ˺һ
Ҷ˼֪Լ˵ŶջĿ⿴㣬ȴȵ峺ûг˵ּȿ̰峺ĳȣҶ˼һķСֱֱֻĶţܲ㵱һˣǻ̲סƮκ졣
С󣬾֪ŮˣҶ˼һۣ޶˵ɬ
ٺ٣ƺҲԼ̫ȣŸϽһ㣬ĵԼڻһ̫ѾǰɫȮˡ
ҶôҶ˼ϣʵ
ʼ磬Ҷ˼˵ٻСǿ϶ңҶõҽ͸ոһЧҲˡǱˮнİ
ʲôСǣ˵ôҶ˼һֵۣĲѣû취
ʼȥ΢΢ϵһЩ˿Ĳʲôˣ˿ʲô
ףҶ˼üͷ˵һֻ۳ɵĺף綾ԵشҶ塣
綾Ե㵹һΪʲôô˿ˡ
û취Ҷ˼Щĵʵ
ЦһĲҽСֶŲ˵ǹҵġ
ĽͣҶ˼ɫ˲Ͱ˼֣˷·˿ʧȥƵģվվȣƺɥʧһ
żҪµҶ˼ϽǰĽ§УĴҶ˼ıοܵĴޱ߾֣Ҷ˼㣡Ҳ뿴㾪ֺƣģ
㱧סҶ˼Ľ͵ĽӲ㻰˵֮Ҷ˼ĽͽȻ忪ʼܸовϻʪļ
ıҶ˼ûһ˿ֻǸоŮ۵ĶҪڻˡѾܲסˣһ˵ļްɡ
ãҶ˼ֹͣᣬӹݹëйָһЩҶ˼ʪܵһƬЩ˼Ŀ㣬˵Բ𣡡
ҡҡͷָҶ˼ϵҷ˿̾һҽɣ
㿴Ůˣ鲻Խ˵ôһ仰Ů˺׵۾ִ۵ı鲻ԽһŮˣ׵ˡ
ʱȻΪһҶǴ˿ȴͬԸŮܵ˺
ô˵Ҷ˼΢΢㲻Ҷ˼Ҷ˼һֱ𣿡
ЦЦ˵⡣ĿתڴϵӣٴοһҶ˼һ˹ȥ
Ҷ˼ľٶɻĿ㡣ĿתƵʪܵһƬʱ̲ס޶ɬ
Ҳû뵽һ귢йɡֻܵһУָоʮƣ
ΪҶҴСޱȡʵҶҵĵλһ˶硣Ҷ˼ĻһûƥݵŮˣ̫Լ˶̫Σա
Ҷ˼ڹ㣬ΪѾ֪Ŷ鷳ÿʤӦЩѾƣˡ
ҪǣĶͶвĶ޲ó죬ٰѡһθǸһҲΪҶˡҶ˼˿ɣҪûɣĶݡ
Ķ壬һޣһֱ⣬ٰƻֶΣЩѾӦЩֶƣˡҪҶڣԸԳˡ
ǣ˿Ҷ˴ϡҶ˼ûһ˿ģٴǵĵѣӹȥ
ߵߣһӵֱϣ㵹ûһ취ֻ취ðնѡףҲɺסֻ̫ðնѣϾ㲢ȷǲסҪǲ²ĻȻһ綾ְԵĺʰˡһʼ㲢Ըðա
ֻҶ˼Ǳĵʱվ̾һ׼ðաǾ䡮ҽɣֻ˵˵ѡ
΢΢͸ӵڣֻոսڣܵһӴܣȫС׼ףıֵ⡣
ȻĽҲͲ²⵽Ҳ⣬ϾҪ䵽ڡ
ֻҪһӣڵĺǣڡ
ʲôҶ˼ľٶͷͬһû뵽ô󵨣Ȼȥ̽飬ѵͲº׷
Ҷ˼׼㣬ȴתͷҶ˼¶׵ݣҪҶ˼ҽ㣬ɲֻ˵˵ѡٿҶ˼ӣԺҾ;ܱҶ˼ˡ
Ҷ˼ԭأܿͻָһ۵СӼҼҵ˵ʲô
Ҷ˼ɷϣһһ˿ȻǰһССļҶ˵Ǿ䡮ܱҶ˼ˡĻʱܸоϡҶ˼ҶʵͲƽļҶ
Ǻǣûм˵ʲô͵һաҶ˼ͷ󾪣Ȼͬ״Ҷڷ봦һɣӿڡ
㣡֣Ҷ˼󾪺
㲢ûҶ˼Ļ׽ڵʱͬ񡣵ʩչ£ڶͷͬ
״ڣļĨһ˿˿źڵҶ˼Ӿ֡ɾޱôԼȥأҾҲҪĻ
Ҷ˼żȴûа취ʱǰȴ˹ŹֵһĻ㲼˿ϣȻһɫЩɫֵʱ򣬰һ˿֮˿ɫʧ
Ҷ˼һĻ˲ԭء


37 ҽ
ܵڵĺ˿׸ɣĵͬ˷ܲѡ׹Ȼɺ׵Ч룬ǲף
ͷֻһ𣬾͸оȲװǶôֲ顣ǴֻҪ׵ĳܷΧڣԲκһסΪԵΪֲĶᱻơǱ˳֮췣֮Ŀǣ
췣֮ĿǣͷЩڴʱǺǿף
ǣڵĺܸо΢ϲѡÿ׵磬ʵ
㣡û°ɣҶ˼ɿҶ֣ŵĺżʵ
ҡҡͷĿϣϴغ˼
ôˣҶ˼㲻µӣһͬʱ˫Ӵɻʵ
Գ¾Ҷ˼Ц
ģҶ˼ϲ˷ܵĿ˵
ͷûʮɵİգǿԳԣܲܳɹҲ֪
ĻҶ˼ϲͬʱոһĻ뵽һЩʲôʵѵ롭
΢΢ЦЦǰߵŮˣɴſŵջ󣺡ĺȫڣȻҵľ£ЧôͲƿصˣļޡ
ڣҶ˼͵Ŀ㣬Ȼ뵽𰸣Ǵ˵Ǹо˼飬ͬʱ¶ĵĿ㣬ваܳסף
Ӧÿ԰ɣ˵һڣӦò󣡡
Ķû˺ǿǺףһ˿壬ʮƷ߶ͷˡοҶڵĺ׼֮ࡣҶ˼޵ĵ˵۰׵ľϣ¶ɫ
Һͱ˲ͬոҲˣ׶ɲʲô˺ǣɲ˺ЦЩףʵٴһҲ˵
Ҷ˼Ŀ㣬㲻˵ѵӣŵͷ㾡ͺãҪʵڲУ㡭㡭ǿ
˵仰ʱҶ˼ҧͬõ屡ĺ촽촽ѹĵӡ˹
Ҷ˼㣡ͻȻҶ˼дһּᶨ棬˵ᱣģʹ￪ʼɡ
Ҷ˼˵šһᱣ㡯ȻʧЦûһ龰һ꣬˵ǣҶ˼ע⵽۾ʱƺһ¡ԭҪЦЦĽֹ͸꣬ͻȻչһЦţҵչң
ЦЦ֪Ů˻ǰӣҲ⣬˭ʮģȷʵ޺
ȰһЩװɡ㿴ӣٴδֱۣӿУǣź׷ɵڡ
ں׽ڣײϣһɺס׵£Ĵڴ£һ˿˿뵽ԭеУ𽥵ʹ
ɺ׺ƺҲһ֣ӵĺԽԽࡣܿ죬ֱϣһƺײƣɫ׵춯ֱۼ䣬ͬʱһͬϡ
ֱϣһһ׵粻ϵĽһֱϹâΪ̼˵
Ҷ˼סĿһĻȭͷţоԼĶᵽɤӿˡ
ɸֺף׵£Щ׸ǲϵĴڴֱۣƬ֮䣬ֱ۾ͱһƬе׵粻֣΢֮
ڵĺӿ£׵غܿͻֱۣӶȥףźס
䡭һ£۵ĺ˳ֱۣ͵ĳϣɫ˱䣬͵ɿӣڵϣתڶͷױȫ׷ڴĺס
Уһһϵ׵紩壬չ׷սǲܴ׵ٶȣ׵ǿ׶ԶԶȲףһף֮¶£оһ׵ͬʱָоʮֳ죬һҲ뵽ƿصС
׵£ԭԵ綾ĺףڿʼıɸɾһױɺһںѪ
³ĺѪԭʧȻһ˺ȴʲô¡Ϊ׶۵ĶأҲѪҺ¸ɾ
ܵ˲ٵһö޲ߵĶϾǲƷˡ
Ҷ˼Ѫ˱䣬ϽǰȡߵëǵѪ˿˫ǵӴŵĺͻңû°ɣ
Ҷ˼ǣ۰׵Сִӣܸоͬʯ㼫Ϊ
ǰŮˣĿע⵽۰׵ļϣǿһ۾ܸоеСЦЦӹҶ˼еëĨһǣڱһ£Ҷ˼ζ
ԭĵ㣬ˣʧЦһۣ΢ŭߵ۾̬СƨĻŮˡ
ߵŮЦЦĿתƵϵϣٴδһһİ£԰׵ĨһѪɫ͸ողͬǣѪɫûб˿ɣһֱ֡
㿴һĻǴһ˿Ц⡣ѺǣڹȻãֻں׵ֲҪȫɻûһֽš
֮ǰʵҲʮ𾪣˶ĺ»û䣬ǳġ
Ҷ˼Ҷɫ֮ǰÿˣϲĿ㡣
Щ鷳ġڵĺ̫࣬ҲȫǣڡֻһġҪѲʱ䣬ҵЧʲôá㿴Ҷ˼Ц
ϣܱûϣáҶ˼ֽ̫ѾˡϾⶫֲ̫ûϾҽá
㿴Ů¶Цգͬ͸ˡŮˣ˲һܵһ˺ĪĴ
Ҷ˼㣡ˣ´ҽ£ôáСµȵĲͷˡЦ
Ҷ˼СڲͬһҶֻʱܻ㡣
Ҷ˼ͷЦ⣺ţ
Ҷ˼˵⣬ͻȻת׼뿪׷һûҲҶ˼㣡
ЦЦ֪Ů˵仰ͬԺҶ˼ˣͷʾ⣬תŸ¥ȥ
Ҷ˼׿ȺرӰ޳ͦΣȻȥһݲȵĵЩ룬˭뵽һҶ


38 軨
㣡ôȥôðʲô°¸¥վǰźʵգĵĽë˸оľϢ
Ｘͬע㣬ͬҲ֪ǸߵŮ
ûʲôΪ̫˧˰ɣȥСȺС裡һЦżɬɬ
ûȥˣŤͷҲ㣬·̸޷ǰ˵˧˧Ҳֲ
ٻӵɫһۣŷƵʵˣ
ȻŵŮһۣʼҡҡͷô򵥵飬ֻеͷܲܳɻÿ⡣
ٻõشҲ㣬ͷŤһ߲ٿ㣬ٴλָ˵Ȼţ·ƮȻ֮⡣
ٻٴζӣСҲ̫ˡǲһҪҸ˺һ·һ£
˼ʱת˫ˮӣ㣡Ҫȥɣһ㶼档
죬һίģԿɰġ
СȥǾͻȥɡ㿴֣Ǿ͸ˡ
֪ҶݣҪߣȻҲҪߣЦЦ˵㣡֪ң϶ԵټġУҪҲԸĻܼʱӭ֡
ռȻǽţߵĵһ۵Ų㡣㣬ߣߣ
㿴ŷ߷߲ƽգʼ磬ЦЦһ뿪
뿪㣬ɿϧ̾һ·˵־ȻһҶ벻ϧˣҪֽǼöá
ٺ٣ҪҪʩչֶΣڹ·ȻһЦ
ﻹû˵ʲôȴٻӵĿ·һ۵ҪʩչֶεĻûڹӡο
˵ٻ˶ټο浱ǼҶ𣿾һҶҲôƿصģ
û뵽ٻͻȻһۣΪˣֵͷٻЦ·Цġ

һ·ȥղϲҲͬϲ
㣡ô뵽𰸵ģտ˫š
밡밡ľ뵽ˡʼ
ƭˣ㶼û͸ˡƲƲǣЦĿ㣬ûа취ұ㣿
ͷ亹ֱð˵СѾˣͲٱɡ
Ҳǣĵͷٱͻűˡ
㺹գĵСȻѹСԼǼҶˡ
͡С㣬һ·Ȥʱһתͷ˹ȥһȻվǰ㾪ֵĵ˼󺰵
㵹˼־òԣôоȻϤȥȻʶһˡ
軨ÿСã档ղһ۵軨һŮӢ
ǿɲ㣬СþˡߣѵҶڣҪʰˡ軨ۿգϴŵ⡣
оθҺͬʱҲĿ軨˵ܷܲŹң
ĲԸ軨ٶȥˣÿοڶĵ㲻̫˾ֺ͸ıˡ
аҵĽֺͷҾͷŹ㰡軨Це˵ֻЦ˫۾ȫѹûˣֻʣһϸ졣
ݡԼθҺǷǸ棬;Ȥˣֱ㡣ʱͻȻãʲô߶Ȳ軨ɱ
㿴˵С㣬ǻؼҰɡҿĸüĿˣ̫̼ˡ
ջδ˵軨оʹʴ͵ĶĶ£ͻȻܳΧ롣
ϴαӹһʵӦԡ軨ŵ⿴㣬ϴαʩչֶΰļҶˣһֱǺġ
ߣһ㶣û뵽軨ôֱʣȻԸֻʱԼǵ°ɲɣ
տҶĵ΢΢һ軨ٶû뵽ġ߶ԸѵҪСʼսɣ
ΪŵļһܶԸң۾軨ֻǿһۣŤͷգĵ׵ľ֡
Ȼ֪ϴôסСӡС㻹֪ûƷһαСƷһƷѾܿˡ軨ٺٲѡ
ЦЦҪĻ軨ӪԸȷʵǼ俴һûдﵽߣ˭Ĵǣڡ
ȻһЦС㣬Ҫʧˣ
˵꣬Ҳ룬һȭһߺ˹ȥûʮɵȥȭͷȥͬʱľ
һȭɫ䣬ˡٶģһܶܵģһȭ׷ִײһ𡣺޻εײߵɳȥֳ֮˶ͬʱƷڵϣ֮¡
һĻֻ軨նû뵽۾˾ʹС
ȷӦ˷ܵĴ󺰵㣡ģҾ֪һʰǣ
ЦЦ佱ҪôԵģô˲˼˷ܵôôСܴԶ
ܣ軨ۿ㣬һȭƷֱۣҲҪƷ֮ϵʵѵ˵Ҷ̶ʱղʹﵽƷƷʵ
ⲻܣ軨ǲʵҪôСﵽ߾Ͳôˡ
㣡㣡һϣ͸Сʰˡ軨ܻ˵
Ȼʵ軨ҲҵҼлͬʱ㹥ȥ
һĻסȭͷţ亹ðĵѡ֪ʵﵽƷܵסһƷһƷĹ
Ҽй£Ӱ㡣ﵽƷͬ˺ܶ࣬Ҽй㻹ǽ£߼Ϊȡ
ٶȥΪ׵ߺ
ԷĻһΪ𣿲ҪҺ潻Ҿͳȫ㣡


39 С̫
һһʩչΧȥտһĻ̲סƷʵܵס
˼ע㣬ͬʱ軨Ҳ޵˼¡ĵλȥһҪͶ˵飬Ȼ˺ƤˣҲǺ۸ġ߶ԸѾСССˡ
ʩչȻʵ˲٣Ȼĵȼߣͬ˼֣ŲãһߵĹһȭ̺Ʒߺȥ
䡭
һײ˵ȭͷһͷ֡ͬǣ˺һƷ߲ĵĵ˳ȥĨһ԰סǲŵľֱ֣۲
ƷߣƷ߾ֵĺ۾㡣
ʼ磬Цϧ֪̫ˣ
˵꣬˹ȥܶԷʹƷĲ಻ֲͨġϣžѹʵ
Ʒ߼ϵľָʢӲϵ˳ȥ䵽ֱֱۣ˦ʩչõǿ
˵ʹҲûáһʼͳ׵㣬ͬȼ߻Ҫǿϼ֣һƷȻ㲻׷ϵײһ
ײٴߣԭͲ԰׵ٴβҰ׼֣ӿһ˿ѪҺڵ滮һĺۼǿվȡֱֻ۲ĻѾˡ
ΪȶŴӣС죬˫ĵţȻƷˣһʼǾ͵͹һֱΪƷһ죬ﵽƷߣ
ƷߣСѾǰˡҲŰƷѣôģ̶һ¶ʱ䣬߶ǵļҶһٿԽΪƷߣѾݵˡյ֪Уû˵漣¼
Ȼ軨ͬԲ۾ע㣬ͬ˼顣ʹӵʱ򣬾;Ҷһ漣ȴûзϣϾôһЩ޷顣ǣ޷꣬˿ٴ𺳲ѡ԰µʱ䣬ƷƷ⡭
軨ű˵Ʒߣ𾪹̲סԼĴҪƷ߸ס
ģôƷѵһֱʵΪľŰ軨ԽԽܣܽϴӺڵ
ģôһɵļҶ軨ŭһϴ쵰ʹʯҷ۵ļǾҶûƨ۵ļһޣԣѾû⹦ܡ
ռƣȻһȭȭ޻ȫƷߣֺ£Ʒ߸ûеֵĻᣬˣֱ۲ǲϵЩѪ˿
ԭƷߵƷ󿪴ϰԵĹǰԸ㣬ֻĿŰŶԷ
£Ʒڳܲסڵϡᣬǰ̤һĽϣһĹƷߵĲҽƬռʤ
Сʱ϶߹㣬Ҫϰס㲻Ļ⵽Ӧ˰ɡС̫챣ߵġЦЦٴβһȥ
һٰʮȽתĽţһ̲סһݡû̫
¶ֻ֣۾ɬģͬ޺ֻ˵ĻȴıȻ෴ֵˣģһܹԵģֺȡ
Ʒ֪ԲĶ֣ͷһݣҲС㣬͵һȭ˹ȥ
û뵽Ҷô󵨣Ҷն֣ٶ͵յķ˹ȥ
ռԷ֣ɫͬ˱䣬һ˿δļʲôӦ͸оֱһֻǣס͵İУոо˱һĻס
ջʲô״ȭͷϵڻе͸⣬ſԼλסƷߵȭͷĺϣһ£ѪҺ˳
һ㣬һֻסյ䣬תһֺֻƷߣĺ£Ʒ߱˳ȥ
㣡û°ɣջҵǵѪҺ¶һôôɵ嵲ס˵ȭͷ
մû˱Сʧȥ׵գܹ˴տʺѪҺڣ֪ΪֱĸоΪ㡣
Ѫ㣬ûʱشյĻתϢͬʱĿת軨˵ҪҾóоĵĻĻݺŰ㡣
㡭軨û뵽˾ȻŰ˶öģôȥ
ţСٻġ軨Ҳȥûצû㡣
ݡ軨˵Ż̫ǵľ仰̲סһҲûйŮĲ֣Լľˡ
軨צ뿪Ŀתգûܵʲô˺һ
ƺǱס䣬Ų԰׵ͻȻָȥŵ˵ҲҵģΪΪһƲŹġ
һգȻ¶һɫͻȻоһֱΪǵСŮԭͬŹµͱˡ
ΪԼʧȥף˶ھΰɡ
С㣬ҪΪúûš㱧˱գƺǸƵġ
ͻȻչһЦ˵Ҳô˵ģ˵ῴң
ЦЦСŮˣһκ˽ӽ
㣿ΪʲôոջΪҵơղû˵߹ԸⲻΪΣյĻһǰġĻմǼ
ΪСϴκ˵Ҫҽ㶯һûأΣգЦ˵
ŶɻĿ㣬ΪҽȥҰɣ
죿۾һʵǲ̫ˣ
ţɻ㡣
ãͽ죡оͨͨС̫ˣû׼أ


40 ѯ
ԼӦúգŮô˵˺ýģôո˵Ҫ뷿Ḷ̌һ䡮ûҮ˵󣬾Ͱһز㣡
̫ûˣ߷߲ƽѾϴװǴϴأǴϴ𡣿ŮôջȻͲԼأ
̫ˣ룬ԺԼҲջȻ󲻸ȥ
һֻŲԴ뿪ڴ߿˵Сϱһί뿪㣬Ͳ͵Цʲôգ̲סһڵĻ͸ˣߣС㶼ҵϷΰ˵һͣ
ֹͬʱܾίӣ̲סЦҶͦġ
λסһĻһһĻʧȥĸס
շֿ㣬һľĵطͰóбһᣬƽϢһ˼Ѿչ
ѷȭ
ֽУ㿪ʼĿΪǿйԵʣȻҲȫ˽⣬һۿȥûзⲻ˵ĵط
һͬʱҲʼо
ѷȭƷ似ԳȭٶѸٶ³ȭͬХ˷ʤȻΪȻȭٶȺͰԵʵŰѷȭλˮ׼
ʵʮƷµ˵Ѿһ׼ʵҪɲֹ
ѷȭĽܣĵϲѡİѷȭһһ飬̲סʼȻ˲Ʒߺһȭơ
ƷһȭҪǺڱƷ󱳣˵ĳ̶ȡһʼ׵壬رǾ壬ǿȲһܱģܵȻȴûдﵽ˵ĳ̶ȡ˿̶ϰѷȭȻЩЩܣȴܳ
㵹ûþһƣֻΪӣѾΣҪٶþҪȻָˡ
һѷȭϰ£ģ֮΢ĺХڻѷȭͬʱҲܸоֱ۵ӣ
䡭
ŵĽǶպһȭһȭգŷŷоһȭ
ŵϵһʯͷҲû룬ʩչѷȭʯͷһȭȥһȭ£һȭӡʯͷϡ
ǿͷȣֻǸոŶѣǿҪȫʵܸһ¥
û뵽ǣ̶̵Ͳѷȭšڱ˵ǲ˼飬ѷȭ˵Ѿ൱õĹˡһ׹ҪŵĻҪʮµʱ䡣ȴ̶̵ֻļʱš
Ȼûв㡣ʱȻ飬֪Աɶ𺳡֪˿ţȫΪԵʡΪĸһҪǻԶ˵ٶȵĻΪҾѧˡ
Ѿŵ㣬ʼϤһȭȭƬռ裬ȭӰĸ֡
żЩҶ￴һĻͷ𺳲ѣرǵע⵽ʱ򣬸ǾԴЩΡ

£ʱת۾ȥС㵹ǰҹΣҸһЩҩܶþ㡣ѾòҩƾȻõ߰˰ˡֿݵٶΪ֮Ȳѣ벻ֻͨܰһй鹦ھ͵
ն̬ȴת䣬ȻҲáȴûȫſ޷̬ȣʱȴȫ㵱Ҷճ㣬̸һʲôʱоʱնֻǵ㼸ۣ仵Ӻ󣬹ʱֺ޼϶ǰ㡣
㲻ЦЦһȭûаװСӶǼˡ

ȹ죬һֱûȥΪɺףϾƣǰȥɵĻЧۿۣ˵ԼΣաָĲҪȥʱȴǰųĵĽëȻ
㣡㣡ߵǰ˵ϴȸԾΪĿ
үңɻ󣬲֪Լʲô飬ѵҪֶŮ̸֪ˣ㿴գСӲôݰɣҶС㣬ҲᱻֽŰ
ţˣռɣںһѣŮеĽ
ã㿴պʵС㣬ǸӦûү˵ʲôɣ
ʲô˵˰ɻĿ㡣
һ仰һڣûιȥʲô˵ˣСôôأ⻹ôĿⲻתյظ͹ȻС߹ģܸое壬ǲ̫󰡣شԣҲҪش󰡣
ռĿȻתƵԼظϣĨһ糺죬յ㣬ֵ˵׼
ƲƲ죬ջĿ˵ûУҶԸ⿴
ըˣɴ۾ŭ㣺˵ûУ
ſ챩ߵգ˵Ҫְ£ûУ
Ļϵ糺Ũ񣺡ߣΣֲ
ҲԣӦòԵ֣ŵЩƭҸˡ

㣡ˣһȥٵ
תͷ٣ٲûеĿ籩꣬ĵײûзɣ÷ɿһգȴЦٻ⡣
㣡֪ʲô𣿡ٿʵ
ˣĵ׿⣬Ӧ˵ү˽ľǴģôأһֱģ
ţüͷ˵Ǽٵģ
ٵģȻǼٵģʹĵͷҲҪ˵Ǽٵġ
ô˵Ҳ㵲ѣɴ۾㺰㡭
С㣡ǲûоε˵Ѱһʵˣһηı顣
һ㶣û뵽˵һ仰ɫһڣ޶˽ģ˵ʲô軨ǲǴΧǣ
Щû̱ڵϣĨһѶͷ亹С㣬֪֪˻˵ģҲˣҰ
ʲôɻĿ㡣
ûʲôҹ󣬾öСˮ׼ܸߡ
ٲ֪ҹˮ׼ܴʲôϵҲûѯʣ˵ǲ߶գ
ԣС˵һжǶԵģ̬ת䣬ٶӦ


41 ܼд
ѭ£̲סһҵҲ̫ˣҶ߶Ըҵˣ浱Һ۸ɣ
ףȻѾ˺ƤˣҲСˣС֮еĲҵǿˡЩĵ˵
ǸңŲŭ֮һȥҸҵǿҪǸҶҲҵһǺÿġ
ǣףعӦ
ڽЩſ˵գԺٳȥҪСˣû罻
Ҳ£أЩĿ٣ָһŮ˵
һ㶣ĿתǰҶҲ˵˵ϵǳ飬ȵͬʱ˵ƷʵһɶټΪ塣
ƷߣҰ̨Ҳѡ
ǰɣ˵ﵽƷˣҸɷҵߣǺǣҪллˡ۾㡣
үˣҲǾһҶְѣүˡ㲻˵
˵ܾΪӶңҵҲˡҲ㣬ʲôҪɡҾ㡣ٿ˵
ô˵Ҳ˵֪үûиƿҩܲһЩ
Ҫƿҩʲô㲻ѾƷ𣿡پȵ㡣
ЦЦ˵һЩô
һֱѽԴϣȻȻҲϣչ˵ĽԴƷ
ҲûжʣԱһ˵ȵȥⷿ׼Ϻõҩ㣡
ǣүվһĶܼҹһ񣬶ٹ˵
㣡ԭ׼һְܼλģȻ㲻ϲԺ͸ձˣҲԲٺƵЦ֪ΪҶӿؼ֡
룬ǲǽΣ˵һѾأٺ٣ԽԽӦʵһ£Ѿ߷̵Ǹöô֪ṩṩůķ
үģһС㲻µġĿתٻգ仰һ˿ȣ͡
㣡ûȤ͸д¡ƷߣǲôǿؿЦȴ𺳲ѣΪǷ˵ļҶ֪Ѿߵֵزˡ
شСͱС˵ţССʹﵽƷĲΡǣǰ㣬оš
ɣҶò˶þͻᳬ
Ʒߣ۾һܼҰҲЩոѷȭ볢һЧ
۾⣬΢΢ЦЦȲˣСС;ʹﵽƷҿǻô꣬Ž̤Ʒ
˵Цˣ֪ûȤͽһ㿴ŰЦ
Ȼү飬Ȼܾ㣬Ҳ뿴ֳٶļҶʲô¡
˵ĶԻҲȤһߣһڼҶмĹܼҡ˵ĴʮпͷȻپذܣ뿴굽׶ǿ
ҪͰԣ˷ܵĴ󺰵㣡ҪӮ
յĻЦҡҡͷֲܱܾͲˡϾѾƷʵˣڵȼҪǿ㲻٣ټϾϵܶʤ١
ڴеļҶͬעųСУܼĵûսܼҡ
һЩ˼ңٶŰ˵
ү֪Ц
޷御־ǣŰ֣Ҫǲȫʲôζ
òСӣ̾һΪ仰ҪɰԵС
һУһȭ㣬˳ӿһְԵӿؿڡ㿴һȭȭͷֵ˹ȥ
ȭһ˸Ե廹ǲҪ̽ˣ̽˵ûõġ
оոȭĵͬ첻ѣոһȭɲһոմﵽƷʩչġ
ǺǣҾʩչˣЦЦȭͷһ飬㻮һĽǶȣĺȥͬʱȡ
ӭ򰢸ȭѷȭŰ˹ȥ

ȭͽŽһͰͬʱ˺󡣰վ㣬ͷż־ոѾʩչ˾ųˣɱ㵲
ʮһ˿ʮɵȭûһ˿ȥһȭž쭷ɵ
ɫҲȫһҧŰӭȥȻͬ޻Ρ
С󵨣Ȼ͸ֱӶⲻ𣿡εҡҡͷ
ؾͲ˼㣬ǰȭͷһ֮ͬʱɳȥ󲻵ǣ㻹Ǹֱۣ΢ĲҲ˵ⳡĽУ͸ƽ֡
ҲƷˣؾ㡣
ҡҡͷȻûдﵽƷ塣Ʒн׶һʼ׵ͬȼҪǿҲȻ
ȴ֪ԲƷʵƷ൱ⲻòһˡ
Ͱû̫࣬Ҳûбѷȭϵʩչһȭȭֱ䰢
ѷȭٶȻ˵಻ʹ£ŵȭӰ֣ѰС
ѷȭҶ˼Ǳش㵵Ŀʵ
ͬŴ۾Ѿʩչż־ˮ׼ѷȭͷŲţʱ䣬ôô죿Ѿߵˮ׼ˣ
պضһۣж͸¶ʡ
ȭӰ£ƵЩǱʩչѷȭ϶
ÿζܱȻڵȼǿ㣬ȴ˿ռϷ硣
ͬžȿһĻԭΪҪˮȴû뵽ƵʵǾҲκβ㡣
ǿ꣡ѹԼҵǼСҪˡǱļҶȷʵֵøһ

һζһͷ֣ϾͲȥ
ѷȭ
һѷȭʩչĸӿݣֿ£ȻЩǱܵסӦӲϾĿݣȴΪͷۡ

ײĲϺˣЩģٴһȭ׼ʱͻȻǰһץסȭͷЦ͵Ϊֹɡ
͵һȴ˷ֺĵ׾ΪʮƷʵôֲһȼģ
Ǻǣˣ
һ仰üҶȻѡһвѹĶܼҾȻˣôǿˣ⻹Ǹ
һʱ䣬ǶԭأĿϡ


42 ұ
֪ûжȫϾûɲΪٳ谮ļҶû㰢ͬ㶯似ѵܰԼɣ
Ȼ֪Ϊԭ䡣϶似ͬܲ㣬ôɴࡣ
ȻʵضĿѡرأǸоĪѹƣгԽ̬
ΪһҶԽӹҲס
ԺҪӽˣԽˡаžġ
㣡Ժڣ֮µļҶ֧䣡ͻȻ˵
һ㶣û뵽ٸôȨı˲ǰ׳ˣӦ
ҵ飬Ӧ԰ɡ㣬Ҳһү˵
֪ˣЦЦ֪СΪ仰ⲻһССҶ顣
ˣȥɣ˵ոȥٺգȻһ½㣡
ŶЩԸŴ߾㽿˵㣬Զˡҵȵ㣡

ԺȥǸûжԶͿϤӰ
ѣҵѵҪһֱ𣿡̲סһѵǰ棬һ˫۾ƺĿѣż¶ʵľ
Ӳһ־Уˮ͸ĽԲ򢣬һֱ쵽£̲ס뿴ݡҲѹ룬ҪҲںһĻͬסջСŮٴ㶨ȻҲǻ
ÿдһ˿ɢϢ
˶Դɫ˱䣬һ˿⣬Ͼͻָʿģ
ѣһҪ˶ԴѵͲܿң㣬ű˵
ÿȻΰȵȻ˵һ仰Ը
ѣװʲô߰ޣߣҴ翴㸣ҪҪǱӣͰϽСˡΰŭѣܲŮӵĸ߰ԼʲôʥŮ
ΰסڣΰŭȵ漴ѣΰӳ嶯ĻңҶҪ̲סԼƢˡ
ȻʧȥԡŮȾָˣһֱδԸȻŮĸԸģҪǱƼѧѧΰ
ѱΰһӸŭŭȵѵУ˾һ·ɫ
㡭Ҳ޷άʿģдѣû˶˴СйҪΪϲŮˣ
˵꣬Ȼǰȥץѵֱۡ
Ѽ֣ɫһ䣬Ҫʲô
ûʲôֻ㳤ԶѣаȣץѣѾʧȥˡ
ӹȻһʿаŮ鶼Ȼұ֮˺ʡ㿴ȥˣ߳Ц
㣡üͷһ壬ͣץѵ֣㵹еҳҵǰ
ʧˣССļҶƽͳԱӵ֮Ķڵˣÿ첻ɽһͷͲⲻûɽ͸оȫĻšҺõǣӣҸЦ˵
ΰٱҲó仰ĨΰߣҪΪҲɲʲô˺ͳˡ
㣡ʱ㣬һССļҶ˳ɫҶǼҶ㣬׾٣㣬۾ɫ
Цܿϧһĺúõġ
ӦúС򣬱ֻͣҪȻѾǧٱ顣˵
ǰõѵǰǰӰٴνԼһΧû˶мѵǰ꣬ΰһˣǴĻ쵰ѡ
ûдתͷѣ޸СŮˣι㻹վʲôߣ
ѱһȣɫһ漴Ӧ˵ܣ
˵꣬Ҳ㣬Ťͷߣżֱģ
ͷŮ̫иһ㣬ԭŮ˸лء
뿪ҲżǿЦ˼ҿɲŶ
ʼҲ⣬ЦЦ˵ûóѣҾͺܸˡ㲻˵ģҶʮˬ
ô˵쵰ǲŤ˲ˣôˣ۾ЦǽҾʰ㣬ᣡ
˵꣬͵ĳ֣ؿھͺݺݵһȭȥ
Ƶ֣͵һ࣬˿ȥȭͷϣȻһ졣
ķӦѹΰԸ㡣۾̾Ǿٽһȭ
˵꣬ȭ͵һߣɨ˹޿ɱܣתֱϣӭȥ
ȭһһɿֲӿֱۣ㲽Ӳϲȶж֮ԶסΡ
Ʒۿͷ˼ɲѡ
㵹ܽһȭҲ㵭˵
һֱܲΪֹ㶼ûɱҡ㵭˵
Ҳǣһо͵Ϊֹˣֵҳ֡һնɱģģ̫á˵꣬۾ֱۡ
׼ֵʱһ使͵𣺡ߣҪǶһëҾͽж㡣
ߵĳžϴŻ̵Ľģӵһɰģ
ճ֣ʼҲգѵС棬Ҿͷһΰһ¶Լ֪İɣһֶϽŵġ
ңյԲ۾
Ҳ˵תʹΰ뿪
뿪ıӰüͷ΢΢оѶԸⲻʵ˵αͼթˣΣϵԶԶ߹ΰ
һȻڵʵȲҪǣ֪ʩչʲôֶζԸ˵ĵġ
㣡¡ұ㣡
յĻľȣȻʧЦ


43 
Ҵһ죬Ҷ˼һڣҶ˼ڵĸ¥ȥ
㲽¥ʱҶ˼ڸ¥Ҷ˼ŵɫӱţ֫ϸýģȴУż¶ļ񣬿ŷβϸ֫ԿŶţವһ֡
ȻѾҶ˼İˣǿһ˶еĴŮջɫȮ㵲סġ
ˣҶ˼ĵ˫ڰ׷Ӵžϲ˫۾Ͼ¾ǡ
ѹͷĴҶ˼ЦÿμҶ˼㣬һΣյϢԼ»ᱻ㶾ˡ
˵жҶ˼˫峺ӣһ˿
Ҷ˼κ˶ǿҵĶء㺬ЦҶ˼Ĳѩ׵Ĳһ쳣ϸӸУƺܸо⻬
㻹СһҶ˼Цҡ֮
Ҷ˼ѾˣһûݵϲһճкܸоΣաʼ
Ҷ˼һۣСƨʲô˵
Ҷ˼㣡߰ɣȥҶɣ˵Һһ̫ã̲סе壬ֿջֱ½
Ҷ˼ЩӴƵ¥һ˿Ц⣺ĺС󣬶Ů˿ˮ׼ˣ
ϴεľ飬㵼Ҷڵĺ׾Ϳ࣬Ҳ˲١
һ׽ڣ׵ɺ壬һд׳
Ҷ˼˫ڰ׷۾ס㣬ǰĵϣǺײơ֪ɺףǿһĻ̲סġ
ϣ΢˿ϹһȦȦİ֮֮к״ӽڣϵѭ
Ҷ˼עϵϹ⣬дɻ𺳡ɺ׵Ϻڣһʲôף
״ݻٺײ֣ףȷʵǰδ顣
䡭䡭
׵ԽԽʱӿڵĺͬ𽥵һӰϸĺ׳ڡ
ֳ£㲻Ҵ⣬ʹ£ųڵĺס
Ǻ׵ǿȻȴһȣʱΪСףɺҲޡ
ǣڵĺȴ𵱳ɵ׻ҪֲĶ࣬һ׵ڳϵʱ򡣸޷ɵ㣬оͷѪָϽɿӣǾˣһ׻ǳݺݵĺڡ
һκ͵ĵ˳ȥݺݵ¥ϣһβ̵ľ󣬲סӰ㷭𣬵ʹԼʩչһźס
Ҷ˼Ա߿һĻҲסȴΪ
ɣ׵£ûӺ׵Ĺ䣬ȻɲСʹ࣬һһ֣ȴסĿ񱩡
һ˿ױɺ³һںѪǿԵĺףڵ̲Ŷ٣
㾪ѣԽɷ̺Խࡣ
㣡û°ɣҶ˼ǰǵĺѪֱϣĴ壬Ϊ̹
ҡҡͷߵŮˣЦЦ˵ԭЩʹģҶ˼ζͲˣҪҶ˼ҪһµĻȫá
Ҷ˼һۣʹϰһɬģ˵ϷĻ̿ʧЦԽϷԽˣ
ôһ˵Ҷ˼ĵҶʧ޶ɬĵ˵ԺǿɶǶ٣
΢΢ЦЦҶ˼˵ֻ飬Ҷ˼Ͳüͷˡ
Ҷ˼Ļɫ΢΢һǰȻ꣬峺˵ôһ仰Ҷ˼ұö꣬İԴˡ
Ӵһһ֮ɫԱһκࡣ㿴һĻͷͬһ˿ϲ⡣ܸоĵְ취߳ϵļӿ
ҪҪһҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼飬ҲܾܺҶ˼һս˵񾭣ȴܣһַ
ҪҪˮҶ˼㣬ĵͷ£ȥΪһˮݸ㡣
ݲȴȵעҶ˼Ҷ˼ĿͣظϣɫЩ΢ڣƺҪڵסߣȴ֪һᣬ͹Գظİ
ιˣ滳ǲһСƨôĺɫҶ˼ЩܲĿ⣬ֵ۾ϴŽĵɬ
ҸҶ˼㣬ʵҲСŲţЦǰ̬Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼̲סЦ˭һʮĵɬ꣬˵ҲСϹ¶̲סʧЦ
Ҷ˼Цô죬ЩεԴ˵ʵôûأ
ίˡȻ˴ɫǣСɫƭƭС㻹ǺǱġҶ˼Цο㣬˫ʡ
˵仰ʱҶ˼ָһ˿ҵͷŮ˶еɫ㿴һ㶣Ȼʹ鲻ԽְҶ˼һɢͷ
ɫвУ
ָҶ˼˿żϣһɬʱ̲סЦðǽɫǣ
˵仰ץסָⲦͷֲĲظ
Ҷ˼ץţֻܷȤϷŴżֵɫҶ˼Ҷ˼ȸɫڰɡ
Ҷ˼ֱЦͻȻ۾ź촽촽ɢջ̲סһ׷رҶ˼΢΢۾ܻߵ̬ġ
ͷһȻͷ촽ǹȥֻǿա
Сһﻹ浨󣡡Ҷ˼ϴźϼû뵽ĵ治ܰ굱޺꿴
ԺҪԶ㡣Ҷ˼覵޶ɬһۣ֣ɫ
ԻˡϽתͷҺҶ˼ȥҶ˼㶼ˣҪǲ㣬ǿҶ˼ˡ
˵仰ΣҶ˼ʮ壬ӻѳֲס
ô˵ҵĴˣҶ˼Բ۾㡣
Ҷ˼Ҫô˵ʵԵģЦ˵
찡ôһܵܡҪٿǿǡҶ˼ĶͷȻˣٻЦݣ˿ûиоҶ˼ķС



44 ܹ
ûпգ
ţͻһ仰ĿתҶ˼¾ôˣ
һȥɱֻҶޣҶ˼۾дһ˿ǳüͷ鲻ԽҪƽ뷨
ܶԸ𣿡ŮˣЩĵʵҶ嶼ɼ׺
Ҫԣвþ͵ʱޡҪ겻ɣҶŹҡҶ˼¶һ˿ԳЦݣɬı鿴۲ѡ
ɣûж룬οҶ˼ЦҶ˼㣬ûʲôĵģ
Ҷ˼չһЦʹĵͷţҪܲɱͬкôһŵƷҪնɱȥõһı֮⣬Ҳܵõһ׵Ʒ
ؽ۾ٻ˵ʿȻʿ̫˽⣬ٻ񲻻ȻʿҪǵõȻʵǡ
ƷõֲʩչĻ֮Ͳù˼ˡ
ʲôھȻеƷ㾪ȵʵ
ԭһλǿ߻ģֻǿߵ䣬Ӵ⡣ڷӡһŵƷҲҶҵģҶλǿһ顣Ҷ˼Ūһ¶ߵ㷢ϯ棬ȱӼѹſԸеţͷⰼ͹µߣȻĶ
˻ģ㵹һ޷⵱λʦôǿ޶ܻΪʲô⣿
ȫǱѪҺǵ֭ȵȣ˶о޴ôҶǿĵ֭˵Ҫնɱĵ֭Ǽ٣ҪɵҶ嵹ġҶ˼Цһ
û뵽Ҷ˼޶εҡͷȻף㻹ɵĽ
ʲô취ҶҸûҵĻȨҶ˼̾һ
ŮüëָҶ˼üë˹ȥЦЦ˵Ҷ˼㣬ȥˣԺҲ룬ôˡ
Ҷ˼ָĨ۾Ҫ㿪㵽һͣǰİƽһüɫͣƺҪȥ
ţҶ˼ʹһ˿ȻǰһСƨ
ҾȥǿЦЦ˵˵ն
ЦţȻֻǿЦĵȴʮڴϾһŵƷʮȤƷСûֹ㵽СȥƷҲǼǿı
ƽҶ˼üͷƣָŵ£һţŵ٩Ҷ˼㣡
Ҷ˼һֵ̬ȻʧЦİһۣоЦͬʱȴָڱºģҶ˼ɫ̣Ů˵Ľߡ
Ǻǣ֪Ҷ˼㲻˯ģҾͲȤˡôҶ˼㣬˵꣬Ҷ˼뿪ܿ챳ӰʧС
Ҷ˼뿪żֲᣬһ𣬾С˺ܶ࣬ѾܸеܰͷɣƺܱƵġ
Ҷ˼ֲ֣Ҷ˼̲סĶͷЦڵ궼ôˣŮ˶ôܹʩչ죡

㵱Ȼ֪Ҷ˼ѾС˼ʱոߵһȴһӰסǰǿ׳Ӱǰдһֺľ棺СӣòҪҶ飬ҪȻԲ˶ߡ
㿴󺺣ǵײҶ˼ҶЦЦ˵ôҶһһССҶֲɣ
֪ԼǼҶͺãԺǴСԶ㡣ҪȻһĺѿ˵꣬ҶŵݺݵĶһţʯ˲ѿһ޴ѷ죬Ҷʵǿ
ĵ΢΢𺳣һ¾˿ֲҶҲоƷʵ˵ﵽʮƷ
뵽⣬㵹һҶ˼±ǮһǰҶ˼
ŲҵģһţöǿȻĵ𺳣ȴӵɫ
ǲǿʰ㹻ˣСӣҵˣξͷߡ´λҹҶҵ飬һģļҶɱǧٸҶֵҶ˵
ЦЦҶŵ·ֱֱ߳¥Ҷȥͷŵ⣺һССļҶʼܲвġ
ǺܿҶͷߵſڣͻȻͣתͷ¶һŽ׵ݣҶ޺ЦݣܱǸҴвԺźĸ㣬ԺҺܿܺˣ
ݡҶŭһԣ
һָҶ˵ҪҪһѡһڣ㲻Ҷ˼ɡһºС̨һΣ
Ҷ飬ԭءŹֵĿ꣬ԴǲǱˣԼ̨ѵ֪ѾǾƷ𣿺
СӣĺеҶĿ˵ҾʹӦΡҵҪһ֮ôġ
ҶЦЦȻ֪ҶǿΪҶ˼ԼǼҶ˼ѹȻĻǾȰһͰɡһ²ȥɧҶ˼һ㷳հɡ
һˣһ˺ãͻȫȫĶãҲΪʲôǰԵôõԭ򡣻Ҳϧ֪£һֱԵʡϧǺõµ֣ϧ˵һտ㶼ðſ籩꣬׵ܵʮĵط
һµʱҪԸҶѣԸѹҲԸΪҶ˼һ顣
ҶЦĿǰ꣬һºɱɣСľʱүҲ˵ʲô
ȻҶɱ⣬ҶչһЦеѡһᾡһºﵽƷʮƷġʧ
˵꣬ͷҲ뿪
Ҷһ㶣漴Цһ´ﵽƷʮƷǺˮҪôôﵽΪʲôСƷ߲
ƷѾһ֮ˣ
ҵ㣡ҶЦһ
뿪¥󵨵ľڡȻҲ֪ˮƽĻҪһڴﵽƷǲܵģֻñİ취ˡ
ѹϵѹҶҪ֡ƫƫʵȷʵЩˣ˵ʵ׷
Ҫܵõһ׵Ʒͺˣˣһڵ


45 Ը
صңһѷȭ󣬾ͿʼΪڶ׵ԵʣʵŲٵľﵽƷн׵ĲΡ
ȻʵҶԶԶġرҶֵĻʤ㣡
һµʱ䣡ҪϽƷʮƷųɡҶɽѹϣûѹǵʵʱܰѹ
ڶת۾ûǴӦҶ˼飬ʮҶǰȥҶ˼֧䡣Ȼһɱܿպ󣬾͵͵ǰ¥
֪յĺģҪǱ֪ĻȻҪȥɲΣյĵطԸչ˲
ܿ͵͵¥㣬ϵ¥Ҷ˼Ѿվڸ¥⡣񻣬һ˫ȳ͵Уҷǳ¡ϿͷǶΰķ۾һͷ㷢Ըе촽峺Ĵ۾ϸüһֳŮΪ϶ˣɢųŮԵ۾ǰȺѰңŲʱͻȻһЦݣ⼸ʮҶͷת
ˣҶ˼оż˷ܸˡ
ǰͷַҶ˼ԭϷ䣬ô˫۾עӣ㻹ȴ֪ѾҶɴ۾ˣҶ˼ԱļҶ˷ܸ˹
Ҷ˼㣡Ǿͳɣ㿴˺ƺƵʮˣȻҶʮҶǴ඼СļҶ
Ҷ˼ͷĿⲻɻĿ¥棬ûзҶǸ˸ɾЩ֣ϲԼ
ôˣҶ˼ɻ󣬲ʵ
ûʲôǳɣҶ˼벻ͨҲͲ룬ЦЦƺƵһǰȥɱֻҶ˼˵ûҶָֻţһҸ顣
Ҷ˼ȻҶǺˡƫƫΪǶţʰ
Ҷ˼УҶ˼ϴĵ㣬ЩԳۿҶ˼ÿ۰Ĳ˳Ų£ܿͬ֬ѩ׼̲סһ̽뷨
׼ҿҶ˼ЩΣôĿŵ˿͵͵ģͬһ֣Ͳ㣬ȫǴųȵֱӣҶ˼ЩԲ
ʼ磬ȻİĿջĿ⿴ǰջĿȻҶ˼ִһ£Խ㣬Խĺ֡

Ҷ˼һ·㣬ȻһЩʱ䣬㲢ûио·;ѰҶ˼źƺƵһ˸ϵһʱҶ˼˵Ͷ̶֮У
ǰźˮһˮУ˵ͷ˶ɢվڸߴù׼
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷУ̶Ļ䲻ȥ˺ȵð
˭Ҫˡֻ׼λþǣһðͷ뷢ҾͲţ˵Ц
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷǺ߽ƻĺܣôðͷô̶гǸ⡣رҶˣײ¶ͷ
Ҷ˼ûа취۾Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ЦЦ˵ҪҶ˼һµĻҾ͸һðͷİ취
а취Ҷ˼㾪ϲˮʣ
ʼͿҶ˼ײˣ
Ҷ˼һۣŷֵǳЦǷţðͷˡСٽ㣡
Ҷ˼żǵ飬ջȻҶ˼ʲô˼ʼʾν˵ǷžǷţҵǲŻĵҵʣ
Ҷ˼ҲֻǳЦٻľЦݸ㣬ҪԵһˡ
ƲƲ죬ϧƽϵĶοδֶ̹εҶ˼
ҼҶڣͻȻźƺƵļҶ
磡ڣʮҶϽܳҵѾˣЩҶûмֺġ
ҽ׼Ķ𣿡һڼҶ
ˣʮҶشżֹ
˵ͷʮҶ˵ǰ˵ҵļҶվڸߴù׼̶λãǵùļͷͿأ
ҵļҶɲҵļҶôһۣɢɢĲ㵱һ¡
Ҷ˼һĻ̲סһ
Ҷ˼ڣȺҶͬ˼ѪƵģʮѸٵҺλá
㿴һĻͷĵ˧ĺѵûŮ󲻳ɣ϶ԭӦΪˡҪŮ˵Ļ϶ĲҶ˼ġ
㣡ôҶ˼Щ˷ֲȥ㡣
ЦЦûҶ˼ʮҶ˵ʼ
Ļ£ЩҶһĶϴ̶֮оͶ˹ȥ
ʯңҶ˼һ㶣Ǿϲ֮ɫôû뵽ʯȫƻˮԴʯŵˮԴߴ
Ҷ˼Ŀ㣬СԴôô뵽취ʹ𰸡
ʯҽˮУðһɹݣͬʱܵˮԴʼʯӣɢʯҶеĴ̱ζ
㿴űȾԽԽصˮԴĵûл֯ҪȻԱϴһ
ʯҵųǵİ㲻֪ʤ˶ټܣʯҵĹЧͳǣһȺѶλһʱԸߣȻ뵽ս޲ʤ
һʯ̶УܿһƬͰɵһƬһŵ̱ǵζ㿴һĻͷЦǿҲ˵ˮԴгɡ
Ҷ˼ͬס̶ȴͷðͷһ󣬻ǲ֡
״ҵʮҶ˵µĶȥ
ǣ㻰£µʯұȫ̶УһˮðˮԴ׵Ⱦ˰ɫ
׼һðͷͲҪ˼ɣֱȥʮҲȥ𹭼װʮҶ
˵ЩҶ˼ٵĺ˳ȥǣҶ˼ֻ֣ᵯ壬öĻ𵴡


46 
Ҷ˼վھӰԶһطֵҶ˼΢΢һֻܰһۣټĿ⿴̶
˶סĵȴźߵ¶ͷڵú󣬼߻δ¶ͷ㲻üͷҶ˼˵ȷ
Ҷ˼룬ͷ˵ûз뿪㼣ߵĴСҪ뿪Ļ϶״ˣᵽҴܡ
ĶͷȻôסʯһӣ
ε׼İ취ʱԭ̶ʼŹðϲһڼҶԸ׼
һڼҶԭҲȵĲͷǼ̶ŷӦһ˷ܲѣй£׼̶
Ҷ˼ʱ֣ȡ׼Ĺ̶ķ
Ҷ˼յխխģزȥʣ㼸͸Ҷ˼ķ׵ԡ
㿴Ҷ˼һ䡣
Ҷ˼չһЦ޵٩֮ıӵҪҪһ
ȾͱȣòܱŮСˣȻûԹֱȥӦѲš
ȡһѱõĹѹң׼̶ķ򣬲ȴ΢Ĳ
Ҷ˼ŹĻģϲɴŽĵЦ⣬ŬԼЦ
Ҷ˼ı飬ɫѵõĺ˺졣ƨôأ
Ǹ಻ҪҪҵʺܸߡǰŽٷСɾĶҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼ʵЦ⣬оӲʱһӡ
͡
̶зһ춯ȻܲʯҵĴ̼ʼ䶯
˵עУ̶һڵĴߴ˳أƯ̶ϣͬһƵģ֮˼Ϊ𺳡
䣡Ҷ˼һĻ˴󺰵
һڼҶ׼ˣ֣߳Ҷ˼ͬʱ˳ȥҵһƿߡ
㾪ȵǣȵľȻҶ˼һԶԶƿ֮۶
һΪޣգۼ͸ϵߵǰһںϡ
͡
߱һ޴໽УΪ͵ķ
ҶС䣡һڼҶһĻ˷ܵĴ󺰵ͬʱǵҲϵܣźȥ
ȻҶ˼ٶȣЩҶҪϺܶ࣬вںϣȴա
˲ĺߣ˷ܵĴ󺰵ҵģ
ңֵҳͷʱˣһ۾
һ仰ĿⶼעŹ㣬һסȴľһ
һҪ۾һһֶ
˶һȴ䵽ߵ۾
ͨеɴ۾£⿴ڵһոܵ·͵˺ˮУð˼ݡ
Ҷ˼һ㶺漴ŶЦǰ֮ϣҶͬЦ
ǰٷСɾҶ˼Ŷӣ͹Գߵİ͹ºͷ֡
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͡
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Ҷ˼üͷһٴαңһ˳ȥƿ֮һٴںϡúٴҷ
״˷ܲѣҲ׼ѧҶ˼뻹ǸϽ
Ҷ˼󿩿Цԣ
ҡҡͷֶǿǲ׳ֵģҪȻ̫ˣ
ޣҶ˼һڣԼ̨£һٴ˳ȥ
䡭
ȻҶ˼һ׵ӺڴҶ˼ϣһƫˮС
ôҲ׼ŭ໽һڵĺ״˷۶ϵһڼҶ
㿴ĵһһڼҶˣ
ЩҶʵѣߺףѾԶһĻ㵣ڿʱڣļƷ֡
Ҷ˼Ҳ͵ĵ˳ȥ׵ովһЩʯ
ȻǿȴҲӾ룬ڴ˺󣬺׹һڼҶֻΪԭһڼҶȥ䵽ϵҲûжˡ
Ȼ߹ЩҶ񱩵ĺһ׺ͣ
ͣȴûˣغãҪӣ
ӻûˮУźεͷ
ˡҶ˼ͬЩżҪˣʰˡ
ȻҲ뵽㣬ûзӦʱ䣬ź׼ܵķ˹ȥ
㣡Ҷ˼Ȼֱֱĳߣ̲סźҵһڼҶͬĲѣߵ׵ɲ˵Цġ
Ԥϵź߱ܶȥҲ˺ߵע⣬Ϳ񱩵ĺȻһ
ֳмҶɴ۾ǣһ׺ϲûͣ½ŲǼź׷ȥһ׵ϣ׹׹ûи˺ƵģĲ˿׷߶ȥ
ڼҶУ˲俴˾һĻһ׵дߣ׵ˮһ㣬ܸʲô˺ɫƵ׵㣬һ𺳡
׵бܣòôţƣһҶͣʱеһ㣬𺳵ϡ
Ҷ˼Ϊ׵Ĩһ⻷㣬֪ɺף˿̼һĻ̲ס𶯣ʱ㾹ĵʡ
˭һ׵磬˰ɣ
˸оҪʱһ·񱼣һںߵǰ
Ȼɻĺ׶ûʲô˺˾ȻվڶľҲһβ;ľɨ˹ȥ
㣡СģҶ˼󺰡
ںɨȥʱһźߵĺ˹ȥͬʱߵβɨڶľϣľ˲ϳϣˮУһ˻˻ϣ˲ʪ͸ᣬҲ˵˺ߵĺϣץŸո䵽֮ϵסӰ
㣡Ҷ˼󺧣û뵽ô󵨣Ȼ˵ߵϡ


47 Ʒ
Ϻߵ㣬˫ֽץŲں߱ϵΪ䣬һٲء߱۴̼໽еķĺӻϣʪһƬ
ȫʪȻϣȡѾ׼õذף߾ͺݺݵĴ˹ȥ
һһ£ߵʺѪҺӿȾ콭ˮ
ڰϵҶ˼һڼҶһȻⲫһ˼סһĻҶ˼ҧ촽õ촽׵ıѹӡϸָţĿתĿںߺϵ㡣
ںߺ󱳣һʱ֮Ҳû취ذһ̴ȥúߵͬѪһ㡣
㣡СӾס㣡Ҷ˼ڰϿˮһһˣ̲ס㡣
ƣǴЦ𼸸ںϵǰ󶼲˼룬ҪΪĸĻ;Լɡ
߾ޣҲܲľۡοͱҶ˹ʱϼˡ
͡
ڷߵĶ໽Уһɹ׵缤ȥ
һɹ׵ȥϵļҶסע㡣ܼĺףҪǴϱضֻһ;
䡭
ɹɺ׺ϣϷɫâ׽ڣ֮׸ɡɺ׵ͬʱһ׵塣
׻㶼ܸоǵ
䡭䡭
һ׺ϣҶ˼һĻסȻΪ˵ԵʣĺǿѾԶԶ֮ǰԸҶʱˡϾһδߣܳܵסߵĺ
Ҷ˼վڰϣɫžţϴžŵĲ԰ףջߣһЩע⵽Ҷ˼ļҶԣ
߱͡Űһ׵ϣ߾ȫЩ׵ͬʱǴһ˿ЦðϣΪɺףҪȻκһδ߶ôʹʮƷ
ź׵ͬʱеذײǴ̺߼¡
۵ĺߣ׸ܲڼҶУʱȫײ˾ͬһƵģϣһϸСһܶǣΪ˵
ЩҶĿɿڴĿ˵ֲһĻܼĺ۵ĲϣĲˡ̬Ȼذ״̺ߡ
ųΪһ˵㣬мҶ̲סݣһﲻҲǺתɣ̫ı̬ˣܼĺ׶κβ
ȴ֪ܼƵĺ׶ͬ˺Ȼɺףܶʵ̫ˣд壬оһʹ
Һõǣ׺͵ܻס࣬ܳܵסֻǾʹѣ㲢ǳܲס
˵ߵϣΪɺ׵ԵʣȻһԵǼѾˣ㱬ףҲôǿСߣ˳ˣĺѾ˾㤡Ҫϵ㣬߾ױ
㾪ȣ߸Ǿ֣ʱԹӺ׵Ĵڣһĺ׺ں󱳵ϣȻûаʱʱĴһذס
ԭˣԼĶ͸Щˡʱذ׸ѧѡ
ٴαŰķʹ׺ϣԭһɫԵù졣
ں׵ĺ£ܸоԼٶٶȱҪϰٱֹ
̶ʱ䣬͸оﵽƷ߽׵ĲΡ
ٸЩЦЩ׵ĺذһ̵ס
ڰϵһڼҶ˺һĻ̲סݣСİɣУ

ƺҲĺ׶ɲʲô˺ľʹòıԣԴ͵ˮУźˮǱȥȻ㣡
ˣһץżͷú߰ѣҲǱˮ
㣡Ҷ˼ǱˮܲˣȺǿ
Ѿˮе㣬Ҷ˼Ļˮζٶȼ֮죬ܸоˮϵĸоˮʮܣȴ˿ץߡϵذһ̴ͱ˹ȥ
ҾͲţôǿȰѪ
ߵѪҺһ˿ԸоߵٶϲȻĸоʮֲȴܼ֡
ˮ糤㣬ˮԲ˵ôôãȴҲȥرΪʱߵԵʣҲܸһЩ
ذ׵Ĳϴ£һϢˮдߵٶ
ϲץź͵ǰƶȻѾ۾¶ƣĺߣذ׺ݺݵĶߵ紦˹ȥ
͡
ʹˮУҲ߾ҵ໽С
̼£ߵ໽н߻ʧȥӵס
ˣͿܲסɿߣǱϺˮȻ̰ĺſоָĲ࣬ٴǱӵס
ȻûѾƣˡ۾ûпֱذ׷ߵĸذ׺ݺݵĻȥƬˮ沼ѪϢʱ򣬺ߵĸҲ˿
㿪ĿԽԽ󣬺ߵȫȻ㷢˺ߵֻ㲢ûзϡںǺڷӡĵƷԼ۵ĺסҪĶ
ǰӴãȴʵҺҶһ֮ԼΪ۵ĺ⡣ðһգֻҪܵõߵĺףϣʵһΡ
ȻðĺΣգѾɹһ롣
ѰһܿͱһƷƷڹˮĤɢŰ׹⣬ڹǺסɵˮĤĿЩͣǷӡеĵƷ𣿡
źˮĤץȥǿ񱩵Ķһץͱһ׵㡣ִſĳڱ˻ãǶ˵ȴ˲˿
ץźףתλãźˮĤ
ɺˮĤʱ͵ıըڱըͬʱһ׹ӺˮĤ۶ͷ
ڰ׹ͷܵĺˮܵ޴ƶƵģһ׷Χڣûһκˮ롣㣬Ȼ׹ǡ
ͻһĻ㾪ǵƷļֵ𣿾Ȼӡƣ



48 ׵
ڰ׹ĶͷһʹԺоһĪһϢҵѸоõתڵת£ԭԺŰʼԭʹоͬʧһɶԺУʼһӡʹķ
һӡԺһٶȼݣȴܰÿһӡǵ·ӡԺСеӡһ飬ԭӿڵʼһķʽɢһ˿˿뵽ԺУ㷢һࡣͬʱԺƾնһ⺮
Ϥĸо㵲ѣоֻҪӡܰŵƷʩչˡִ֪ͣǼ٣
㲢֪һλǰһŵƷ˲پӡںСӡĻոԺ
⺮ĵƷƷѾǼ䲻ĴڡʹǿҲȱݡԽ̹ܶǶʧܸգֻܶԼλǰŷΪҪصй·ߣָӵй·ߣһƿصġλǰ뵽취ǿай·ߴ˼УԼΪӣӶƿ
㲻֪Щڷ⺮ԭֿĺˮٴӿٴθоѡϽðˮ滻˼ٴǱӵס
õ˵ƷȻ˺ϡƬ̣ͷںߵͷһ˸׵磬׵ɢļµĹ󣬴ȥ׵ǿȻҪǿõס
ǿĺߣҲѣҺѾˣɵҪȻ׵ǿȣ׶༪١׵ȼȽϵͣϾף۳ǿ׵ĺף뵽ߵĿֲ
ף㲻ȥץذϸһƤŻźװȥȻ񱩣ǶڱƤǲΌܵģװ
õףĵ˷ܡȡҶ˼ҪߵǱˮ档
ߴӺӵһܵһߣʼٶȼ죬Ҷ˼ҪӣҶ˼׷˲ʱ䡣
Ҷ˼һ·ͣ׷ϴŵģһ·˲ȹľơҶ˼ܵڴʱǱˮվںӰ
Ҷ˼㵥վȫѪɫĲ԰ףߵǰϸ㣬žŵ˵ˣ˵ˣôôѪ
Ҷ˼˫ˮھκ;ţϴʪۣ֪ˮۡҶ˼ŵϵľٶĵײ˲עҶ˼ŵ۾ץסҶ˼û£ⲻҵѪߵѪ
Ҷ˼ץ֣ĻͻȻһѽı㣺ˣˣԺɵ£
Ҷ˼ţܸоҶ˼ѹ̹Ҷ˼˫ĻϵľȻһ˿Ҷ˼ĺ󱳣οһº󣺡Ҷ˼㣡ȷſңȫѪմȾϡ
ָҶ˼Щɬɿ㣬ովȻıһ꣬Ĩһϼҡ
㿴Ҷ˼ϣʱҶ˼ѾմȾˮԭȹһЩʪʪ·Ҷ˼ļӳҶ˼֬㻬ļ۾עӣܲеȵԡ
ע⵽Ҷ˼ظմȾѪڲˮҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬ҪҪҰ
ðҶ˼ſڴ̧ͷЩ̰ĿעӴʱִŽ޶˵ɬŭСƨҪһ㡣
˵꣬Ҷ˼Ѫ
գνʼ硣ڲԶƺƵļҶ˹ע⵽Ҷ˼ȹıơ鲻ԽĶŮ˶˼Ϊ̫ԼԲŹ˲Լ·ɣŮ֮ЩҶǰ档
磡߱ɵˣҵļҶµߵžʵ
һڼҶ˵ȥֻްɡ޵ʬɶǱ
ô˵һڼҶɵߵͬʱҲһ˷ܴ󺰵˽ˮУǰȥߡ
Ҷ˼µߵ漴űƤһţ뵽ʲô˵ף
ţҲðôգõⶫֵˡȻһЦ
Ҷ׿ɲףΪ۵ģǶԱżĿԡҶ˼˵
԰ɣҲû̫࣬Ϊ۵ģЧȻȲףżİһ¾ҪҶսˣҪðһյġ
Ҷ˼˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
Ŀת棬ʱѾ߰˸ҶߴӺˮ̳ˡҶ˼ѾƶǵĺߣסһΪʲôôѪ
Ҷ˼ſƶǵĺߣͻȻʲô˵Ƕˣ
֪Ҷ˼˵ǵƷҡҡͷҶ˼Цȥ˵Щ
Ҷ˼˵ͷ漴ߣȡ֮󣬾ûٹߣһּҶ˵Ķ˰ɣǵıꡣ
ʱһڼҶֻˣһ˷ܵĶҶ˼ллҶС㣡
Ҷ˼ЦЦĶõµȻӣȴں
ˣȥллǵˣҾʹɢ˰ɣҶ˼һڼҶ˵
һڼҶȥߣû˼ź߾ͺƺƵ뿪
ȥǰϴ£һѪˡҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼飬ͷһȣǲǽչ̫һ㣡
Ҷ˼аȵЦݣ뵽ոǾ仰壬һ۴Ž糺졣
㣡׼룡찡֪СƨȥǲȷԽԽɫǵǱˡҶ˼ʮΣ껹治


49 Ϊɫ
صҶ˼ڵĸ¥Ҷ˼֪һ˵ȥһ£
ӹɨһۣҶ˼ЦһҶôݻ·ǻᱻ˶ʯӵġ
Ҷ˼һۣ˿żֽЦ֪ᱻʯӰҲû㵱ԼǼҶ
ʼ磬ȻһЦҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㲻ϴ
Ҷ˼Ķͷٸ޵¶ĵЦ⣬ͷŷֱ۹ƣܲСƨ
յҲŭŻŷһԡȥһѪȷʵΪոսԡҵ㣬ͻȻ̽һͷҶ˼Ҷ˼㣡ҲŶ
Ҷ˼ȻʧЦЦĻ֦չӲ߾ԣŵ׼ԸĻŵߵľİɣС岻ϲ͡ῴģ
ܴԴԡС
Ҷ˼ܰЦеˮϣ֮ɫȻﲻã⼸ĶˡҶ˼ܸоĵŵԡһΪܲˣʲôɲţ
ٶȺܿ죬δҶ˼ȶã˳һЩҡҶ˼״ǰϵĻͬʱȡëʪܵͷ
Ҷ˼΢΢ŽŰã˵ӿļҶ˼ϵ㴫ıͷ㿴Ҷ˼ĿҶ˼Өëף˳ž£׵Ĳһֱ죬ܿҶ˼һСƬѩ鼡ż̽µֻ̫Сٿʲô
ˣҶ˼Ū˵ͷ㣬ŻҶ˼۾һȻɢ⣬ȴһݵȻʣӵܸӵܣ
ôһҶأҶ˼̲סֹһкܲݡ
㻹δ˵ʲôҶ˼ֿЦǼҶҲãҪȻҪǹ壬϶һϷҸŮĻ
Ҷ˼̫СˣһҶͬܳΪ
ˣƶˣҲȥϴϴˡҶ˼ĵЦָָǰѪ㿴ȥ湻ġ
ȥɣȥɣֵ˿һԡҵţ˵Ҳ͵ģ
Ҷ˼һڣƶ졣ù׼õԡȥְһء
ԡˮ͵ĴλϵŵԡҷȥߵԡſڣһָֻѹѹţƵǣûѹ϶
쵹ص뷨찡Ů˵ķʶҲ̫ǿ˰ɣһСƨţҶûţǲǲƽ
û͵㣬ֻλõȴ
㣬Ҷ˼ѵʱȻҪúܶࡣ㶼˯ŵʱҶ˼ŴгŻ˯㣬Ž޵ЦСɫû͵
ôӣô͵ͷҲ̧ſ˵
ôԣû͵ҿɲŶҶ˼żֽ￴㡣
㶼ˣô͵㷭˷˵˵ͲûԼˡ
Ҷ˼ĨһΣͬõջ󣺡Сɫǻ治ʵߣҺˡȻ׼͵
ٺ٣˭Ҷ˼ôˡȻһЦĿ⿴Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ΪڼҲǰ㵱޺ʹһɵ˯ۡ˯ۣܿ˵塣ǳԸУ֫βߣرΪ˯ۿԵʣƬѩ׵ļ¶棬˳ڿȥ쳣ز¶һƬ鼡ĿѣԵס
Ҷ˼Ҳע⵽̰Ŀ⣬Լд¶Уɫ죬һڣһѹؿڣߡȴ֪һٶջģѹؿڵ֣оеĵ塣ɣŮǲǹջ
㣡Ҷ˼ܲĿ⣬޶˵ĺһ䡣
𣿡ɻĿҶ˼ûջĿ⡣
Ҷ˼Դ޷һ˵ȻĿֱֱĶŮˣı䲻Ҷ˼ֻܰһ۲ٹ㡣ֻССȴɫɫģ̲סЦ
Ҷ˼㣬ûи㣿㽿޶˵ģ˰ѳֲסЦŶҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼һ۵˭һۺ
ҲãȻûбô˵Ҽˣ㺬ЦĿ㣬۾עҶ˼Ȼ̰ǲû̫
ѳֲסˣҶ˼ЦͻȻɿŵڣеһƬѩס
Ҷ˼ֶĶͷŤͷٿҶ˼Ҷ˼װѳֲס
Ҷ˼ֻңЦĸˡԸеĽż¶İ𪼡ɢջ
ʲôʱɺףҶ˼㡣
˵ʱɣʵﵽƷ֮˵۵ĸΣնȱﻹҪǿЩ
Ҷ˼ͷϾü˵۵ܺһɳ֮󣬾ͻῪʼɢͬ¼ֲ˶ã
ԴҲоЩͷۣ˵Ҿ취Ʒɣ
Ҷ˼Ҳֻˣ̲֮ס̾һҿҪ뿪Сȥˣ
ţΪʲôɻʵ
ߵѾ֣Ҷ϶һȥϲ˶õģҶ˼оżֲᡣ
ҶЦҲһ˵һ㡣
ţҶ˼ɻĿ㡣
ǺǣҺ˵ģпܾǣȻҶ˼˵ǻһ֮ԼҶһڲԸ뿪
Ҷ˼Ҷûǰǲʲô
Ŀ⿴һҶ˼۰ęİ׻ȣתעҶ˼Ҷ˼㣡˵ұģôԺͷĵĽң
Ҷ˼ע㣬޵֮飬ûȼյļҡҶ˼Ȼоĵطװ޿ɵᣬƽˮľЩĲĿ⿴㣬Ȼ
Ҷ˼˿̲Ѿ֪Ҷķضйء
뱣Ҷ˼ô࣬һ᲻ǺϵǸͻȻЦ
ʲôôҶ˼ͻȻ˵ôһ仰ҲЦż˵һȺ˶ѡ
˺ɫʲô񼫵顣ƯŮԶ˸߽˵ȻŮ˲ϲˣʵ̰壬ҲḶ顣ˣȻϲˡһֺαںʼΪʲôԭϲ㡣Ц
Ҷ˼Ϊ˺ɫ⣬ұĵ׶鲻ԽͬҶ˼⻹һƭŮӵĸ֡
˵ӦôӦЩˣҶ˼ɴ۾ʵ
Ӧǣô죿ЦҶ˼̲סһڡ


50 һ
Ϊͺ߲Եʣں׵ĺ£ʵѾﵽƷ塣ȻƷֻһһȴô򵥵̤ȥġһµʱ䣬ﵽƷǲܵˡ뵽ϵĺףϵĺƷĲΣȻٽסʵȻŷ츲صı仯
ȻҪڵĺҲһ֮Ȼ뾡첽ƷҲûż
Ȼնûȥɱߵ鹢ڻô鲻ҶǲְҶ˼صϢһ죬ͱץ˳ȥҪͷ档
Сûа취ֻӸ˷ܲѵպ棬żսɵ߼ƣ
ѽⲻСôܵҵΧҶʲô𣿡һаԭǰ˷ܵͣ
£ҹ˫ֲ䣬˺˵ģɢŮģΪˡ
Ц벻СԽԽˮˡٺ٣ҪҪȥͣ
Ŀ⣬ӵǰǰ࿴ΪӢꡣ
ʶСΪһֵ£軨ͬĸֳʵﵽƷĲΣСܺľء
أµķͷǲ˼ΪǰϰܹһСҲ£Сһֵͷһֱϡ
ʮ竺аŮûƫƫСʵܵס³ΪСһֻС˸ŭԡ
ʱܶ´ʱаìͷָգһ̲סΪ˵յĻò϶Ź
ʲôҹһȥ¼߱㵲ţЩŭĺȵ
Ҳ֪ôүҹһЦſ¡
˼ȻҶŰ˵仰һ̲סľһͬ飡Сϣ˵޲۶֫
㣡Ҫ˵ߣռɫˣ̲ס˵Ҳܵ˺С򣬳ȥ弸ָˣûܶԸ¡
ߣЦһ֮˵ˣСδǸ۸õļҶǰɣ
ôѵҪΪǸֻعɣ۾£ͻȻ뵽һʲôܺʵˣȷ㸸𣿺ÿɲŶ
ռ㻹˼飬Цôĵ̶ֳȣ
תֱۣ¶ɱ⡣
ռˣͻȻܵǰſֱ۰㻤󣺡׼˺
վȻԼΪ£оıˣʱΪΣգ
С㣡ɣЦЦסյ֣󣬡˺ҵġ
ǰƷǿߣøʵ൱㲻ֵġߣҽҶʰշ߷߲ƽ˵
ô֪ЦЦĿ⿴˵Ҫб£ȥؽ֣۸һСŮʲô
أҵ°ܽѣ²м˵һ䣬οү£Ҫָ㡣죬ҾΪҵý㣬㰭۾
ǿɲһЦſ˵ǰʱҲСĵõһûгҪԸĻҿ㳢¡
Ļһ֮ЦԴ˰ɣ˵һ
Цſ£û˵ֻеӡȴڻĽš
㣡㶮ʲôǿؾﲻԶϾͻģӡտ˵
ûлشյĻõķ⺮ûù˿֣̾Сһ֣ǲǵסƷ
ҵҪССҶʲôֶΣЦʮɹֱۣһȭɨ˹
죡Ҿ͸㣬ССҶҲƢģ
ЦЦӡ͵Ľճһ켣Χ¶ͻȻ½ǰƾ۵ĳһ龧Өı
֣һƣʹƿ¼۶ȥ
żıɫ˱䣬û뵽ҶȻʩչʲôҶʹʿߡĴڣѾвǱˡ
ҪɵСӣȻǲûзϣϾƷʵѵΪʿʲôı
ǾµȭͷӴҪʱɫ䣬ִ󺰵ܣ
ֻһȭֲĺ³ȥµ˲䱻˺סⲻҪģҪǱĺֱۣһѪҺ³ĵĵûվȵڵϣһ㱡ĺ˪
ٴ³һѪҺΧ۵ȺһƬȻһʹĲ˲۾ȻԲע㡣
ôܣȻһѪ¿Сһ֣
ĵ׾漴һ뷨ðССļҶΪСһ֣
뷨ոðһʹҡҡͷ뷨ųȥ
ƷµԲ۾ֳ壬ŵ㡣ôܣһʵδˣôʩչƷ
ﵽƷѾһεĴڡʩչֵȼˣضߺʿΪʹƷһҪʩչ
ҲΪԭ򣬼ʹʮƷߣҲֻʹǰļҶ׸ı֪ȻδʵʩչƷ
ͬ͵Ļգüͷź˪£ŵĿ¼Ȼʩչشˣ
㣡ģʹıֱۣ˷ܵҡδ󺰵
㱻ҡ壬оҪȥƵġҲû뵽ʩչ׵Ʒ˿ֲʱԴͬڴƵģʹĲˣȻǾĿֲԵʡ
ҪȻΪ˼£㶼Ҫȥˡ
ݣ⹷ƨ⺮ȫɱһǧ˰ٵĶ
ȴ֪Ϊʵ̫͡ʵʩչ׹Ѿǵڵˡӿʼʩչ
һ֣ҲǿסΣЦѡ
һ仰࣬ɫԹ֮ɫǳԹһȴҲ׵㡣ʱѾ˲Сơ


51 ̨
㣡ٳɵտ£˷ܵĴ󺰣˵ݺݵı쵰ȻҴ⣬ǲ֪ѵ֪ļҶţ𣿣
յĻЩûſ£СŮ˻浱񰡣ҪʩչʩչˡԴͬһҪѣˣﻹʩչ
Ȼ²֪ЩѪô˵͵һһݾֿ㡣
㣡죡˷ܵĿ㣬ȸԾѡ
оͷֵʱһĶ𣬶𣬳
£㶯һԣŭȲѵһ仰֤صĵ
ɳ㣬ͲסһͷռͻȻȥɫ䣬Ͻְһѱס
ѣǰ㣬һͷյĻ㣡
ؼ㵹ȥΪʲôŭȵ£Ҫҿսˡն衣
ݣ²ûըˣ˭˭պúõģܵƿɲᡣ
ƺҲ˵仰̫۸ˣһֽı㲻ڵϣһ˵ˣ
ʲôˣؾĺһ䣬Ŀת£Ȼɫ԰ףѪҺȻƲӡ
㶣ŵűձŵ꣡з˾ξˣôܣ쵰ǱǿôһߵĴڣ
ʹ˦˦ͷͷľųȥЩá
µʱֺٺٵЦ£㲻Сһ𣿽죬ҾͿǿ
˵꣬Ҳˣһȭºȥ
¼ؾȻԸɫ˱䣬ŭһأб¹Щʱһ¡
عЦҾͽãúõսһҪǹ¸ҿͷҾͷŹ㡣
Χ۵صĻһŤͷоɫЩ̡ҵүɵֱ׳

ʱѾǵڶˣԺһȦԭһӵļҶʱžη㣬ǰһĶһ񡣴ʱȻڼҶûʲôְλеĵλȴֱ
㲻֪һشµ飬ܿʹҡҼ粨һССļҶȻشСһֵ£ϢմʱһǸоһЦ
ǵСеõȷϣһ֪һʱ򡣼ϢļҶϲ£ֳ͡ľ
һߵͬʱһʿشµʿЦƺ̫Щɣ
ȻغٵҲǼġʿĵλǿߣ߶ǵɵλҪǿϼ֡ⲻҪǣҪδʵʹ˵ƷΪ֮ĵط

Ȼеһ㶼֪ĴζŴϵζǲ˯ĵط
󲻵ǣ˯ġյʱεüҶ̧䣬غ㲻ʱ䡣ֻʵڼֲסȥ˯ˡ
㣡㷢ˬʱ򣬽Դ˷ܵ㡣
תͷűĽԴЦƷˣ
ԴûлشĻ´һ㣬Ǹų꣬˿̻˵ĳɾ͡ȻΪεСһֵͷʧ֮ۡȴҲںµͬˮ׼
ôģԴ۾㡣
ʼ磺ľˡ
ݡԴ̲סһľˣΪӰľͳˣ
ûкͽԴ⣬Ͼ߽ԴҲûֻͣתƻﵽƷûУ
Ʒ壡ԴЩԴһ̲סԴ
㵹ǾȲѣû뵽ԴܽҩﵽƷ塣ǰĻʮι̣ѸٵĴﵽֲΡ
ܼңԴЦﵽƷ󣬾ͱΪܼҡԭ˻ΪԵʣժܼҵͷ
Ժ͵̰ˡЦ
㣡ڽ̻ˡߣҪǸ͵̰ۣҾ鷳ͽԴ̸Цʱսĵ㶨ۿȥһϮȹϸۣϸز΢΢¡ѾƤɫͨϸ׵ľһŮûеÿμգܱյ峺ģһŮΪʲôһٸӵеȻ
ԴЩգʱճ֣ϽһԴǱ뿪
ߣô𣿡նԽԴֱʮֲ⣬һ㣬תĻö
ǶС㳤̫Ưſں
ΪʲôƯңӦϲҲŶԡչŹֵĿ㡣
һգôҵһŵɣȴֻܼС̫ƯˣҪϲô졣ҶСҪġ
ʧĵͷͻȻ˵²½
û뵽ôһ仰Цҵǲ£ͿСˡ
㻰˼һۣͨ糺죬Σ
ŲҶءռܵģЦҪǸҴ⣬Ҿ͸߶壬
Сǲ̫һ㣿ǿʵ
ôɻĿ˵
ż⣬żҽһӣǾͽҰӺˡſ˵
ĻԲ۾㡣벻뵽ô޳ܵİ취ݰӣ㵱Ӿϴ谡ôġ
УĿ㣬ָ֮һĵţҪʮӣ
ޣŮѪǲǵġ
ѽպʱͻȻһ㣡ˣǸȻ̨Ҫߣ治Ҫ
̨΢΢üͷû뵽˿̻ͻȻһĻ
룬˵ȥɣ
ô˵ʹĵͷڵѾʮˡ


52 ս
֮԰̨ҲǱشµϢˣССҶȻʼвʵԽԽȥδԼ֮ǰҶٵ
룬˿ѹס㡣Ȼпܺһˣʩչһкѣ㣬Ȼᱻʰοѣôȫָ
Ҫ֪ͬ仰ľ裡ԣص˵Ĳ̨ôҪٵˣѵΰԼүүɣ
ˣߵ̨ʱһȺͰΧļҶ˷ܵĴ󺰡Ȼ˿оһ棬治ֻش£ҪǱƵҲݶһҶ̨
ɧֽҡװװƣöû¶Ҫȥһѣô˵ҲǼҶݵżҪע
㣡Ȼˡ㣬ôʿģҡεֽȾԷȣЩ˵
ôӪҪǲĻͶԲˡЦеĿͻȻ˵ֽܲܰȽã
һ㶣ҶҪʲôһջֽȣֶΰУһһСҶ䲻ҵֽȡ
һֽԺǮˣѣһѶһѣĽ㡣߷߲ƽһ̫ˣ
Ļ̲סĨһѶͷĺˮҶ˾ǱϡĵױӹӣҲԸ⿴ǱļҶٵس˵㣡ǿңҪǲԸ̨ʲô
ЦЦҲصĻðŲӾ̨һȥ
ؿһĻ󼱣Ȼش£ǱϾεˣʵͲ²
ԭЩʱٽ֮顣סôͽɡ㿴ЦǰƷƷ֪ܲܰң
ģһģ۾ʱʱ¶һ˿
㿴ǰҲŵѹͷϵһʯ˷ֺǴ˿̣ȴźͶԷаʵȻ޳̲ͬס̾һٹЩʱﵽƷѹ͸Сˡ˿ȴмķգʵǲٵġ
ҪϽﵽƷˣɺףǳԽʮбҪ
ȻôģǾɣ㿴˵ԷȻ̨ӹ죬Ҳ϶㲢ӱ
ǰȻļҶȻĵͼݡǴ˿ȴòϣҶƢԲһӵеġ룬ҪǹĻӦҲǹâְɡϧǣʼΪһ
һź֮ɫһȭ˹ȭżƣڿռ仮𼸵ХһڼҶסĶ㡣
ͬһƷߣƷ߻żĲġսزá
ҾͽһȭΣЦһʮһȭӭȥҪƷǲ޷ƥС
䡭
޻εĶײһźĵĵ˳ȥֱ۴ŲһڼҶȵǣҲź治ϲȶжϵ
˦˦ͬЩֱۣдһ־ȡȻ٣Ʒӵеġ
ùŹֵļҶҪȥ¶ɱ⣬ϵȭͷ裬һĽǶȣ֮͵ĺ˹ȥ
һ࣬ܿȭ뷴һȭʱȴһźݺݵĶӣĵһͣȭ͵ź浹űܿȽš
ķӦٶȣ۾̾
л佱żʶ٣ЦΪԵʣԶԶǿͬȼߡȻǻв
ϣֽźĿһ£ֻȭΪƣķɨ˹ͬʱ߳һ°·
Ϊ𣿡ӣؾУȻȭ½磬׵ıܿ¹ֲֿķӦٶȣ룬ﵽƷƷַܺӦٶһƴɡ
㣡ģԭ㣬Ǽıܿ󣬾˷ܵĴڶֱ۸ഺջޣһڼҶĿڸ
ںʮȭܿҲЩеĹƸӵң
ѵһֱܶ㿪ɣһ
˭ҪһֱܿˡЦȭͷ͵һ䣬ȻѵõĶȭͷӭȥ
ݣȻʿȣҲѹ֣ոôԵȭͷ㶼ӡһȭոһȭ쵰̫޳ˣ
ʮɵֱܵ۱ķۿһɣ
ǰǸҵסȳƺôеۣһֱϵרô𣿡ٺһЦ˵Сʮ泩
ȻҲ˷ܵǺžĸҶԽǿԽ˷ܡ
ôһҲ̲סʩչȽŲã㹥ȥ
ߣĹŷХҲһǿĶ֣ܺװƣǲòȹ̡
룬һȭȭоĪ
׽µġӲܣ㿪һ
ʩչٶȶֲֹѾûиոյ赭дˡ
Χ۵˿ܲ͸ȭͷ㣬һסȭǿǿֲġͬһ˼Ŀ㡣
ϾƷߣһġϣ϶ûΪǿһԱȣܵĿԾ͸
ӣѵһֱ𣿡ŭ㣬διգ̲סһȡȭ͵վķɨ˹ȥ
һԾܿȽţȴȭͷѾҪϣԴϽһ࣬ͬʱֱ۵˹ȥȭͷĹ


53 ٴѣ
һȭ˱ˣ̨ϲһǳĽӡ󣬲סӰ
˦˦ֱۣòȷʵ˺ܶࡣһȭЩֱѾʡ
ߣȻһȭռϷ磬ǼܿĹͬĲ䣬һȻ˹
ñɫһ䣬͵Ķ㵽һ࣬ռֻʣƿ
㣡Сģõı󾪺
صͬɫ䣬ȻҪնɱñʵҪ֡׶༪١
ԸһССļҶȻñ㻹濴ҡ۾ӱעء
˦˦е˵ҲԶñ
ﵹһѱ㣬Ϊٻµ飬ǰ˵ıҲ֪ˡʱﻹбˮƽбҲûʲôôϾûʹý
ͬ뵽㣬ԭ׼ȥɻ֪ȥҲá
ǲҪ̲סðһŭҪԼնɱҵˡ
㣡Ҫ򣡡շ߷߲ƽ˵ԽԽ˳ۣӦúѶ˵˵Ļѱƭˡ
ЦЦĿٴת΢΢ЦҾͲ֪㶯ñǲɱҡ
ؼˣɫ˱䣬̲ס㣡ھа;ˣҲû˭ἥЦġ
лүˣ뿴Ϊӣǲնɱҡع֣˿ûȥ˼
֪һһĽǶȣҪλô̹ȥ
㲻СӣƾӴܡӴܵͬʱеӡܸоԺʼۡ
бͱܣգ̲סһ
ýԸһ޴ˣ׼ô޳ܵĻ㶼˵Ȼ˼޵Уĵ˵ұܣб±𶯰ҲҾ͸Ҳܡ˭˭Ǽˣ
ӵĻûڵϣݣѵ㵱Ӳɣƽ鶼ĳ˭޳ܣ
ھ޿ɱܣĽ͵һ䣬һȥ
˭һֱҪˣЦ͵ͣ£ȺƷ⺮
һ仰͵ıٵ˳ȥĹ˼ɾʱʩչβ󾪣
Ƴȥȴռ䰲ûʩչƷ龰ŭƭٴһ
⺮ٴŭȵָȥ
վǾֻٴβָܿķֻͷٴαƭ
ģŭһҲٴ㹥ȥ
㿴вϱɫеһӡһּصķʽķȥ

ܼķ⺮ǱƭΣһأվûбܿ⺮۵ıֱϣʹֵһ⺮ıģͬʱֱһ顣
Ҳڷ⺮ǿ£ĵɳȥɹѪҺӿ
ʱӾҵȭͷ˹ȥ
ȭͷûʱܿһȭֱӺؿڰɣ˵ɳȥڵϡɫһƬҰףѪҺ³Ⱦһ档
ͬڵϣɫһ԰ףԴͬڶƵģϴΣһӵʹ
ŵڵϵЦ⡣һΣĶˣ
ŷ⺮شȻٽϼˡ֪ʩչ󣬿϶ûʹѷȭһʼͬʱʹ⺮ѷȭܼͬҵһһĻΪȫĹá
Ѿ۵ѷȭ͸о᲻һ
ͬģڵҲ⺮ʮѷȭһʱո⡣

һĻȴе˵ɴ۾עһĻڵѪҺӿǸоԴӦˡ
ʲôһƷ˰Ʒ
ݣСӲôţưɣ
̵ģһҶƷʲôʱܹܰƷˡɲһƷÿֲࡣ

ڣ˶оѣһĻȻδ뵽ġ
ȷӦһŵڵϳ㣬˷̨ܵ㣡̫ˣ
նֱۣôһҡΣûסٴ˹ȥԴջʱԺһ˼룺СĻô㣬Ҳģ
ΰ𺳺ͬӦɱ⣺㣡Ҫ
˵꣬ΰһȭջе˹
ֻȭͷһͱص
أүÿҪɱͣΰŭȵ
˿طĻŭһҵļҶҵļҶľѵҲҪֲɣҪ㶼Ҳ֣ɱҲ֡
㡭ΰɫ࣬ҲһԹޣҪˣ
ɣֵ˿ӣ;Ȼɱҵˡѵ浱Һ۸ɣغһ
ΰ˵ʲôȴΰ
ΰǳ⣬޺޵ĵһۣתߵǰһѰӶû
Ե䣬ջе㣬ǲ֮ɫȫСӵļƣܡʵǣСεˣ᲻һ˿ԸֻĿһŮ񣬶ȴҪѪҷʹ
ߣĶһ㣬֮һۣΰ˵
ǣΰ絹ƴӣҲϻ뿪̨
ߵ̲ס̾һ漴˻Ҷߡ
˶뿪һڼҶǴУȻһ˿ûУΪѣ㲻ʤҲռϷ硣ųļҶǲֲ̫ˣ


54 Ҷ
һսķ粨ʮִģԶԶҪһսʱ㣬Ѿúܶ˰ںµ˵ͬȵλˡƷߣСžĵλ˿̵ͬ˵λ
һݵת䣬ضԴӵĺơͬʱָоܴѹҶĹ죬пܻᳬ
һʩչ⺮һλָٶҪϲ٣ڵͻָ˹
ܰǱ㻹˵ˣҲոӵճ㡣ഺĻСŮˣ㵹ǺĵĵĶ
Ȼûǰ¥Ϊɺף˼ʵȻƷƿ΢΢ɶȴ̤һʮΣ
ȻϴνشɸоĪΣϾϴش˼ıҪƴʵǲһġ˿´Ҫϵˡ
ãƷ֮֮ءοƷҲ൱СһС
㣡ˣոߵ¥Ҷ˼ĵöʮ̹
Ҷ˼Ŷ׵ھӨ͸ĸ¥Ž׵ĳȹʩۣ֬ȻӨ񣡾ǳǳЦ⣬زϸ̵֫ͦęԼ޳һջֿŵһ룬׻˶˼һȻĶ
Ҷ˼ɴųȵעİһҲ޿κΡѾϰ񣬶С
Ҷ˼㣡ÿҪܴЦŶǰŮ˵ܵԼסջ󣡡
ջ㣿Ҷ˼Բ˫͸ˮӣŲŵɬŭ
ȻҶ˼㴩磬ǰ͹̣ΪһˣջǺֵñġҶ˼壬΢΢Ц⡣
Ҷ˼ĶͷɶҳŮ˴·ѵܲɣ
Ӧô˵Ҷ˼Цſ㣬һ˿ȣۺ촽Ҫһ׷ĳ嶯
üͷԴоʮͷ۵˵ʵҶ˼βܲĻǧ̬
Ҷ˼̲סЦһǿܿĲۼҪСŮĻĻС
СһԽԽǿˡԺҵҶСԶЩˡҶ˼ŶҵǳЦ˵Ķͷָ
С㣿ЦЦ˵ǰպ˵飬˵ҪҽҾֻܴͷˡ
Ҷ˼Բ۾Ҷݣ̲סЦҶСҲıˡȥҵˡ
ʼ磬Ҷ˼Ÿ¥ȥҶ˼ǰ΢̵βŤ۾ŶܸоҶ˼뾪˵ĵԣռ䣬ȻĶȻ΢΢ӿһЩ˵ĸо
һҡҡͷѹס˿о
㣬Ҷ˼ͻȻ糺յתĪ˵۾һֱһǻ۵ġ
ȻһЦ֪Ҷ˼һֱęʼĳЩ۵پþͲۡ
ޣҶ˼һڣĺ˵ǵȵȰҶ廹ڣ
ڰɣЦҶ徭ôҽΣѾɫˡֻǲ֪ʱԡҪѹҽ͸аˡ
Ҷ˼ͷ֮˵Ӧûɡ
ЦЦҲ˵ʲôֱӵĴͷϰԵĶӴһ
Ϊ˷⺮ԵʣȻʩչֻΣЧȴҪǰõĶࡣ
һҶϣҶϾȻ˿˿ĺɢɫĺÿࡣ
׼ĺʱȴҶüͷ΢΢ַϲҶ˼ҶҪ
Ҷ˼ͬϲ첽ߵͷֳŴĲ̽Ҷ塣
ֻҶ˼֪Ű빭ęǶôջβȹûԲ̣ȴ˵ϸȥͦزѹ½ϣ׹˵ߡ㺬ЦһԾĿš
Ҷ塭Ҷ˼ϸϸһ׼˵ʲôȴֱֱĶ͹ԵظҶ˼ŭ㣡
ŷӦҶ˼糺һƬĽȻһЦǲǿ
Ҷ˼ҲΣֻܰһ۶˵ʩչһ
ͷٴδһھ֮ҶȻ䣬һɹɺѪðҶ˼ϲͬʱϽëá
Ҷ˼ע£ԭһֱû۾Ҷ壬Ƥ΢΢˿
Ҷ壡Ҷ˼ϲ̲ס˷ܺ
СС㣡ҶҶ˼
Ҷ˼ϲӨϣһԵ۲ѣҶ˼۰׵ӡ
Ҷ˼㣡վһԣҰҶһº˵ָĨҶ˼۱ߵۣ˵
Ҷ˼һվ˵ͷСһЩ
ͷִҶֱۣ۾Ҷ˵Ҷ壡ȻˣǶԼҲָһƿǵȵ;ö˺ĵطĺ׹䵽ҵڡָĸ졣
ҶǰȻԣȴҲʶ֪Լ۾Եʣô˵΢΢˵ͷ
ҶͷӿҶֱۣʼǣڵһס
ľ飬Щʱ׳һЩ㼫˳֡
һ󣬼ҶľƺոոһЩҶ˵Ҷ壬ҪĻΪ񱩵ĺǣҵڡ
Ҷ忴һۣȻ۾ڴ˿̣оͻȻҶԭеܣȻֱӽҶڡ
֪϶ҶѹԼһͨҶֱۣҶڲȥܿ죬Ҷ˼Ϊ񱩵ĺס
ЩףҲûж룬ǣȥ
䡭ոսӴɺףҶֱֱۣۣ˲һƬд岻ϡ
Ҷ˼һĻɫ䣬סģֱֱĶ㡣
˿񱩵ĺ׾Ȼֱӿڣһҧ׷ҾͲţɲǡ
һɹɺ׿񱩵ӿڣҲĴ壬ܸоʼļǿƿҲɶ


55 Ʒ
ɹɺӿУ˱׸ǡд岻ϣһɫ
Ҷ˼Ź״Ҷڽ뵽УסĶ㣬ð亹еɫʮ㡣
ź׵㣬ȴ䵽ҶΪ񱩵ĵطɹɺ׳ڷ䱬һ΢ĺ
ڵףתײУסҪͬʱһ׷ɽĺס£׽׳
ͬʱоȫʹУһ׵塣ĹУ̲ŵȻ׳ӵе
һԵҶ˼ܿ㱻ȫƣͬҲܸоϢȲ
䡭䡭
ڵĺϣҶڵĿ񱩺һɹɱǣɫĺÿ
ǣһֱһʱں״һʱԭϢﵽ۷壬Ҷڵһ񱩵ͬʱӡһᣬŭһơ
£ƿһٳơһϢ̶ʱ䣬Ͳ˰ƷĲΡϢȹ̵ƷʱŽȶ
ﵽƷ׵תٶͬ͵ԭڵĺףȫɵ
һ˿ڵĺױɺɿҶֱۣӿһɺѪײĶأӹҶ˼ݹëһѡҶʹһ
ڵȥҶɫʮֺ󣬱ͨҲ˶١
۾Ҷͬоڵĺ˴룬࣬ǰżƣ꣬ĵ׾ȵͬʱ̲ס׵ǸлСֵܾ֮
ЦҡҡͷҶ˼һۣתͷҶ˵Ҷˣ֪Ҷڸоô
Ҷ㿴Ҷ˼ĵɻСĹϵǺܿĻشĻױ˴롣µҵʵѹƣȻвС˺ǲڻԲˡ
׵⣬һɲˣǾΣɲ˾ΣࡣҶûбش㵣ĵʵ
شȻУһʼҾͻסԼҪȻƲСȴû˺ֻҪûкףʱȫ޸ġ⵹ǲġҶЦЦʵֻҪûкףлָһ졣
Ҷ˼Ҷ˵ϲɫҶܿˣ
ҶҶ˼ЦЦĿ̲סĴ㡣Ӹոڵ֪δʵδʵȻôֲĺףֱ˼ҪǣɺףͲ˲ˣͨ˿ֶǲɵġҶΪʵǿԵʣʶͬԶԶͨˡ֪ܱͬɡ
ǣ׵ߣɶֲֿǽžǿѹƣǿԶԶСסǣǰȴƾδʵȴűҪǿĶĺסδţ
վԱߣֵʮеҶ˼Ҷ岻һֵꡣ
ҶЦЦ˵ҶոѣǾͲϢģ
˵꣬Ҷ˼֣ȥ
ҶҶ˼ɵĺһȥ΢΢Щ㵣ǵһμҶ˼֡ȻҶ˼ԱһδСǱϾһӲǣ

лл㣡Ҷ˼Ҷڵķ䣬ŸмתľӨӣת͵ĹŮ˵ܿ˵Ƶġ
Ҷ˼㣡ͻȻҶ˼۾һ䣬Ҷ˼˫峺תʱЦЦ˵û˵һ仰С鲻֪һ
ţҶ˼ɻĿ㣬ôͻȻ˵ôһ仰
Ҷ˼ɻĽģЦʱĺܼ򵥣ܿĶΪУͬػ˵Ů飬ȻҲ㡣롮鲻֪һ˵˰ɡ˺һۣʱȴһֱΪ֮غ򣡶Ҷ˼˺еһˣ磬Ϊҳһ¡鲻֪һΪƭСŮĻ
Ҷ˼ǺЦȴ˲еĵͳ˵һ仰Ҷ˼Ȼ˫ɾȥʧƬ̺Ҷ˼ͻȻչһЦЦڿռ俩ϣĺܻƭСŮأ
ЦЦҲͣԶų˵ⷬ˵仰ǶΪƭСŮ
ѵЦ⣬Ҷ˼ȴ̲סһ¡һĿ˵黰ܴĵġ
ǰ꣬ǵĵȻЦ⡣˲еĴݲȵĵţҶ˼Ŀתӡĵһ̾Ȼһ¡
Ҷ˼˦˦ͷԺеųȥ˵ҶǲʲôԼ
֪ˣһ㶣漴ЦĿҶ˼
Ҷ˼˵ʲôԼ
Ҫһ²ѡ㲻ʲô顣ЦЦ˵
㸶ĴʲôҶ˼⼸ҶʧУ뵽ܡСΪģȥ㲻бˡ
ûʲôۣʱһܶѡЦЦ˵
ʲôҶҶ˼͵վӱֱ͹ԣęʹȣܸоо˵ĵԺ廬
ôҪҾǡҶ˼㡣
Ҷ˼΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҫǲôҽ¥š
Ҷ˼һ㶣ҶƢԡ϶ҹ鷳ˣ㱻Ҷ˼Լ뵱ʱΪʲôû뵽㡣Ӧ뵽ߵ̫һᱻҶġ
Ҷ˼ھεɫץҶ˼֣΢΢գ嵯Ҷ˼㡣ûʲô˵ġǺһܶѣ÷ϡ
ǡҶ˼ɵĲѡ
ûʲôǵģϵõЩӦҡ
Ҷ˼ĿֱֱĿã֮ŵͷ˵Ժ
Ҷ˼룬ô¡ҪʵڲУƴŴΣվأҲŹҶ
ǺǣЦҶ˼޶˵ӣҶĺȫˡͳɺߵǶףûһƴ֮


56 Ʒ
ҶѹҶ˼ݹɢ
Ҷ˼ˣȻʮָˣҶɺ׸ӵڿ졣Ȼʱʧͬ׼һγſõץ㡣
㣡Ҫ棡տŲɵСŮ˼һֱңԹ
ʲô㿴źԸСգͣ˽ŲЦ
㣡ǳȥɡ⼸ңˣտ㣬˸ŽĿ⣬ĵĽëһһΪ
үǲ׼ȥ𣿡ЦΪϴ±شˣҵĹϵ޶񻯣ڵСϣҵĵֵ̺Сġճ£Ƕ˽ҵš
ҶҪˡίĿ㣬һǿɫҼĽᡣ
Ȼ֪龫ֵĶСʲô⣬εʼҪô
㣡Ҿ֪ˣ˷ܵһѱס㣬ѾС߹ģظѹǰĵԣ㣡ǳȥɡ
һŵջ㼫ΪίĿգС̫ˣռˣ֮ҪջǣΪʲôջ󵽵װְܲ;˵ˣ̫ˣ
㲻ҵˣȸԾ˵
£㱣Ұڰ׷ӣ峺Ĺע㡣
аһ仰жһͿһ˵һŮ˵ľţܴġ
ţǾͳȥ˵ȥǾĿİɡ
Ψ²ҵˣﶼȥֱҺҽս
ҺҵĽսеҪҵĶ࣬ԭҵУʮֳļҶڽ
ǰȺܣһεȺȻҪҵĶ࣬ʱʱͷֹܵ
չҲһӣʮ˵ȺսȸԾѣ˷ܵغ㣡ҪҪȥǣ
С㣡Ϸģ߹ݣôܺǲءĿգŬĴղе뷨
Դ룬ĵͷţǶǲ׳ģ
㺹գ벻ƽյĻѧģҲһղò˵ڵùҹˡֻҪûвصˣûϵ
뷨УСôϽսÿĻ
뷨ûбֶõʱ䣬Ӿ͵վֱԱߵ˵С㣬𶯣ȥˣ
ոձ˵ҪϷ𣿡ɻĿ㡣
ʼǽһˡʱԼϷУʵҲȤġͬҪװƣ
˵꣬㲻մ㵺;ȵɫ˳ȥץ֪˭ĸֹʮɵʹҵļҶһȥ
˳ɵʵһɨȥ˲ͷѵڵ֮ûֵ֮ܵƵģɾͿһ·
һ͵գűһݺݵĳ鵹ڵϣͷѪεļҶʱ̲סզ࣬ƽͦĺͰģԴûһ˿ƢƵġǴ˿Ȼ˹
մûзһ棬֪ԭ˸ӵĺ;Ƣֻƽǰֶѡ
뵽⣬оȻһζ
㣡ôˣԴ㣬˷ܵĶ㺰ļ룬ոջ·ǣȫŤת
ŽԴûˣͬһ֮ԼսҲΪԴ
ǣԴһȴҵļҶɴ۾Ŀ㣬һ̲סͺһ߶סȻشүɷǡ
һ߾ֵĿ㣬ɫһֲ԰֮ɫԭڵҼҶʱ̲ס
㵣û뵽ȻôˣƾһͷŵȺҶɫ԰סֲʲôƷѾССˡ
֣ߣ۾һڼҶϹǳǳЦ⣬ֻЦȴҵļҶŵսľľ֡
һźƶеļҶԴ۾ӣͬŻ㱣Ҫչ˼Ҷȴƾһͷô׶˸ߣǽԴδ뵽龰
ЩҶ׼ߵʱһڼҶ𣺡һССͺôĿҵҪζ֡
Ϥ㶨ۿȥĿһ裺ΰ
㻹ǵҾͺãΰĿ㣬޲ð١Ĵ绹ڴϣ쵰ȴѾҫˡ
ȻǵãһϾҪˡһûжֶϽţܿҾҪһˡҲƵģӣҲġ̾һ
ΰɫʮѿע㣬һ仰ɲȵʹţΰ˼ɵľǸԼѾһˣҪǻ۶֫ѵܷһ˵ͷɣ
ҾҪΰҧݱĳ֡
ǾͿ㱾ˣӵĿΰΰһĿ⿴ߵһߣ˵ˣ
ӷģǺǣΪһġЦ
㲻֪˭ǽԴȴΪ֮һдž֮ɫɴ۾ĿߣƷ貮
ԴͬΪ֮ƷСȥλүû˭ǵĶ֡λ貮ҵﲮһģȻˣҵĵλʮ֮ߡû뵽ΰҵһλ
㲢֪ΰӺַ󣬴ͽҡĵүȻʮָˡ˵ĵΰվڵңҪܺˣҴкô뵽⣬үɳ貮ΰ
㣡ҴΣбƷ˰ΰĴЦ
һûдΰĿ⿴貮˫ǵĿֱֱĶ񣬲һ˿иƷߣڴʱ˵Īв
㲻ɾҪҲһ׵ƷĻǾͲˡȻãҪһ׸ƷУҪ


57 סΰ
Լ֣貮㣬˵ո˵Ǿ仰
ĵĿ˵˵㶼ˣѧ˵ôĻ̫𣿡
貮ûѵ˾ͲܰС̫۸ˣ
ߣ貮һ䵽ֹϣҲһֹɨ˹
貮ŷХɨһСӣʮȫĸֹϣ貮ӭȥ

ײļִ̼ĤһЩҶ鲻Խס䡣
ЩҶǣֹһ𣬴ӽʼŤ˻Ρ
һڼҶʱеĸֹͻȻֶٵԶһǽϣǽҳһֹ֪̺ôֲ
㲽ĵ˳ȥֲĻڷ飬̤ٲӺסӰ
ͷû뵽ߵʵֲ˵زƷ;ƷĲ࣬ȻҪԶԶǿƷͰƷĲࡣֲо
貮ɵСӣΰ貮һʹĸֹ˷ܵĶ貮
貮ΰЦЦӷġκһҶŹ
һ仰Ŀ벻߾ȻôݵġһٴμһֹĿصĿ貮
Сӣõĵֿˣ־ܵĻֻ֫貮۾㣬ϸСͫĿʱʱ¶һݺ
ԼɵӣѵҲɵӲɣĵĿ貮֫л·
ߣȻˣǾͱ࣡貮һֹٴݺݵĳ˹
һεľ㲻׽ʽ͵һ࣬㵽һеĸֹ貮ɨ˹ȥ
貮㷴ӦٶȵͬʱٶҲ˿ֱ۴Ÿֹɨ㣬ĸֹסٴαĵ
ûõģƷĲ಻ôֲġ貮㵭˵дӡ
ˣҲҧһ⡣Цеĸֹٴɨ˹ȥʮɵźХ貮Ҫ
ڤ粻飡貮һʹ£ͰʰˣȻȥʰҵЩˡ
貮ĸֱֹԴݺݵȥԴ˿ɫ䣬󺰵㣡Сģ
мҶ˼ʱȴӻһ˼ĽǶȣıܿ貮޿ɱܵһ
ף貮ҲȵĿ㣬¶㿪һС
㻹мֱ£ѹүгԿˡ貮˵˻еĸֹ׼˵ʲôʱȴΰϡ
貮սپȰСӽ˵ΰȵЩͷˣ࿴һ㣬Ͷһܣ޲ھͱŰ
貮ΰߴ٣ŵͷеĸֹճһӰһĻɫ˱䣬ϼһȻʩչ
ѾĶˣҪǶԷʩչĻĴ͸Σˡ
ȥˣ취ӹһ˵ֹֻʵĲͷۡ
㣡͵ɣΰһ𣬴ŵš
ұ죡һ˭һ
˵꣬еӡĽΰһĻ̲ס貮ѵ貮Сĵ㣬Сһ׵ƷʮֲֿҴүǰһ¡
貮Ҳ˵һˣڵƷֻʮƷͬСӡ貮ɴС㣡
֪ΣЦӡɴ͵貮˹ȥ
貮ֹɨ˹ȥֻҪɨʱȴֱ㿪
⺮
貮׼׷ʱͻȻһˮĤ貮Ĵȣɫһ䣬ϽʮסˮĤ˹ȥ
ֻסˮĤʱûзַ⺮ĺԼֲˮĤУʮ·ǽˮƵġ
ָо貮㵣ǰүķ⺮ôоˬѵдɣ
貮ִûжãɫ͵һ䣬Ȼ⺮ʱ򣬾ȻֱֱĴΰֱֱֹɨΰ
ΰɫ䣬ͬû뵽Ȼܱܿ貮ΰȵǣΪʲôʩչ⺮
ٶȺ죬ܿͳ̵ΰǰľΰ
ΰӦҲٵĲ뿪ٶվһֹ֣㲻ֱϣһĹҵڵȥһŲסΰĺ貮ЦغбңССҶһү
һ仰貮סӣۿ㣬û뵽Ȼ׵ץʡ
ȻһЦŽԴ˺
ԴҲӦϽܵ
Щ˶ˣ㿴貮ȻЦҵķ⺮ԲԣģģŮ˵Ļǲǣ
貮ʱβ֪ոմˮĤǷ⺮Ϊȡʱһ뵽ȻһëͷСӸƭˣ貮̲סŭա
ֻűŵΰסŭ𣬿һҼҶ˵ſߣ
㵣תͷĽԴʵǾұ𣿻ӦҪ𣿡
һڼҶһۣһҶվ˵磡ǰܱģںûǰˣ
仰ûѪʲôûǰ˼˵Ǳˣݣ쵰ô˧
һȥô˧ôܻ᱿
ŭȵļҶŭ㣬Դίֹ˧˧ͱйϵ𣿺οҲ˧
ûը޺޵ĵһ쵰Ŀת貮˵˵Ҳ㣬ʱ㣬㷭ô죿
貮һҲ飡
ʼУڻȥһΰҿ϶Ҳŵģ
貮޷һոƭˣ˵Һš⼸ʵʱֱ׳貮룬Ҫε޳ܵƤ˵治ɫ
㣡ֻôһѡ񣬷ſӣҾͲţĸɱѵҺҶɣ貮ӵĿ㣬Ȼΰֱֱȥб¾ɱȰҵļҶɱһ
貮вֱֱļҶ׼ŽԴ˶֣зΰ˼


58 ֮
Ҳû뵽ϼһΰİΣֱӶҼҶ֡貮ʵȻ˵һڼҶ֣û˵סɨҶͱſڵϣУ
һڼҶ貮˺һֵӴܣûһ˿貮֡
ߣ㵱ΪҲɱΰɣ۾µ͵һӣŵΰʱһ󰧽
貮ΰİ͵ĶסĶ㣬ССļҶȻҶһүɱ֡
ٶһҶҾ͸ҶΰĺŵĻԿĿ貮Ĳΰĺһٲȶϵ˼
貮޷ҶУôѪϢµΰ貮˿Ļȥһʱ貮ҲĪ
ΰûϵҪΰ˺᲻ҾҪ˶ң͵òʧˡ
貮㣬˼ãͻȻһҪɱɱɣ
һ仰ýԴһû뵽貮ջǷΰȻԴ֪貮˺ܾá貮ΰ˵ĻһңǸӵӵֻҡһԱȣܵһëͷСӵв
Ҿɱˣб¾ɱӣ貮ָָԴһ
ǾԣҲ۲ˣ۾貮ҪǽԴı貮նɱĻ㶨ȻΰѪ
貮һΪȭ̺ʮŽԴȥ貮ͬ룬¿ʼΰ
ѵΰϺѪɫ۾Ǿ֮ɫҲû뵽ҾȻİΣ
ȥ貮ȭͷҪ䵽ԴĿΰ
ĽſҪȥʱһŭ͵ͬʱһӰһӰӣ貮۶ȥס֣
һײ貮ĵĵɳȥɫ˼ֲ԰ס
貮ɳȥʱϵ𣺡㣬ɿĽţ
һҽдΰбֲҽ˶ܸоеʹࡣĽȻûвȶΰĺȴΰؿϣתһٰʮȡ
ǽס𣿡ټԼ˵סֺ㻹ȥɫЩҲסˡ
ү治˼ձϵһһһƫ鲻ԽľͲȥˣԲΥ˼㼫Ŀ˵
һԵ̲סһǵȻģһ㱻ŵ״̬ȫǹĥΰ
ٻδ˵ʲôŲ˵壡ʲôףôˣŵ㣡
ټֶŮȻվһߣ˵ϹһѪû³
ղѿȸԾܵǰ㣡Ұľȱʱɣ
ǰഺջС߹ģɢĻգѹǰ˵ʱǼʱΰСӻûʲôүֲ̫ãҪҪϼţ۾һҲ˫㣬ݺݵΰ˹ȥ

ΰʹҾ徣ǲɿһǿͬʯͷһΰʱһ̲סһرǽԴԭΪѾˣû뵽СҪǿˡСΪײе
ͬԱ߿ĺղֹܰ˵ʯͷȵǵһμǿĴڣԺ⣬ԲС椣̫˵ˡ
գס֣ͬû뵽ɵֶŮôһ棬ɳȵ
壿𣿵ȵȣٲȼţа˵
һڼҶоͷĺðһҿٱʮѿ
ˣղ˼ź¶׵ݣųЦݣһҼĹԹŮģ
ٸоͷֶۣŮҲʮΣǲӦðؼȥСˡ
أȥӷٶ˵ѾȵĲĿΰһ֮ͬɫ
ߵյǰѹȻһЦǲ湻ˬġҪǸҲ볢£
㺹գû뵽ҲͬˡɶغȻһЦ
ƣžƷʵһЩӣѵÿɳ𣿡۾貮
үˣ㲻ҲƾʮƷʵҳ𣿡貮ĵʮֲʣǼٳʮΡʮƷʵСǾԵİûܺ
ҲգȻ˵ҽͰˣߣҿǼһҺΣٿ貮ɱġ
貮¶ţû뵽ٵݣɱġ
գҾɱ㣡ǼһС򵽵˭漮أ˭ˡٵ˵ֱ̽
үôĿҵҪôɱơ׼ֵʱһЦ
󣡡ɫһһﵹóôòһΪˡ
Ǻǣ󽫾ûôЦеĿ٣ô󽫾ҪɱƣǾ붯ְɣ
ߣټһһ󽫾ɫʮѿԷڲʹšε磬ֻֻϾС
Ҫ㲻֪˶ٱ飡Ŀ
㶼˵ǰˣϧˣڵ󽫾ֻɥ֮ȮֻϾһСԼ漮ض챣סˡûǴ١
ʵˣǶԸȴǲڻ£ٺһ
Ȼ󽫾磬Ȼ㣬Խˣøˡ۾
䣬üͷһյɲôöԸġ
ƣӣߣƵģ貮һת׼ߡ
ٶص˵ͷΰԷҲǡ֪ʵȻǿһߣҪʰȴҲܡ˶ôã֪֪ˣ
գ㣡Ƕһȥٶ˺һλСǿﵽĻ

ƣԺʱͻͻȻ˵һеҴﵽ˵
үҪˣƴϲ
ˣӦò˶áߣﵽκٲ϶ѡСң£ź⡣
˷ܵɫǺ죬ΰǿҪ׺ܴﵽľ磡
ƺƵ˷ܣҲ۾Щ̾벻лﵽ磡
겢ûдٵĶУҪĻȻᾪ龳νϤε׻ˣΣҾ֣֮


59 
ΪСҼĳ֣ԭݱ壬Ȼѵõİ
ø㾪죬ȴֲ֣νʼҶô꣬ʱʱҪһΣ˭ռϷ磬ÿһζǲ֮
õصĽͣЦЦҲû˵ʲôֻ´Ŀ˵㣡Ʒʵ˰ɣѾıô죬ô˵Ҳү׷Ұ
صĻͷźˮðүΪ˵ġҴʱѾƷˣﵽͬһˣѵ㻹Ҫҵ˲ɣ
㣡ǵðԺһ㣬ҺûӣҪҵҪˣĿѵ
һһүģҾԲᳬģն˵˵ĵ뿪

СͻȻСڻָȥŸɵϷǰ¥ΪҶɺס
ΪҶѵԵʣɺ׵ٶʮֿݣҶڵĺ˵ʮԡ
㣡ڵĺѾɵĲˡǺǣھû㣬ҲþЩˡҶоΪ񱩵ĺ׶ɣµֻһЩࡣɷˬʵЦ
Щʱ䣬ҲϤҶ˼֪Ϊ˺ܶ飬ǲΣΪˣնɱߣҶøд
Ҷ˲ףҲҪѲپΪҶɼΰɡЦЦҶ˵
˾鷳ˣҶл
ҡҡͷͻȻʲôҶʵҶڵֵҵһּΪֲ֪ʲô
㲻֪ҶɻĿ㣬ʩչʱʹǹ᲻֪ǹʲô֪ôʩչ
ʼҲ֪һҶʶǳ
Ҷô˵ɹЦҶˡʶǳ㲻ϣܱȵꡣ
Ҷദ˲ʱգѾԴǶż˽⡣ǼʶǺҪԶԶʮ꣬ʱҶǼҶʱҲ侪ȣϾһҶôʺͺ
ֻҶ˼ȷϣҶ棬ĵײ֪һ˼ļҶ
֪û˵龳磿Ҷ˵
ҡҡͷȻ֪ʮƷ֮Ͽ϶иǿĴڣȴδ˵龳ʲô
޷Ȼ㲻֪Ҿͽ͸ڵ;ܴﵽƷ˵ҲлᲽ龳硣ҶЦЦ͵ʮƷ֮µߣֳƺΪ硣ԼӵУӦ֪ʲô̺߾ͨ壬ΪáʵﵽʮƷһеͻھˣﵽ˱ܴﵽļ¡
˵⣬Ҷ˶˵ʮƷ˵Ѿ൱ֲĴڣ˺ϻ
˵ͷȻ֪ʮƷߵĿֲϾܿĳƷʵٽ֣ʮҲκβھ򵽼µĿֲ
һ˴ﵽʮƷǾʹѾﵽ£ھǼȻھǾֻܽˡΪӴȻ֮߳ƺΪ޷ٽһߣͿʼ취һΡΪһεߣƺΪ龳硣ҶЦ˵Ҿ龳磬ڵ
龳磿΢΢һҶʵ龳ߺʮƷΣ
֮𣡡Ҷ˵ٸʮƷߣҲ龳ߡѾһܱġǺǣ֪һʮ˵СͳǳУж龳𣿡
Ҷ֪
Ǻǣһʮ˵ĳǳأǳûʲôĻһ龳ߡҲ˵鼶ߵһʮ򼶳ǳصĳ
һ仰𺳲ѣۿҶ壬޷龳ϡٺ͵λ硣ʮǳؼĳǶôλΪ̤ʮƷƿΪһС
ϲʮƷ߲֪ܲ鼶ȴٵĿȥʮƷƿѿԽһ⡣һԭǲ龳磬Ҫ׵ϴ£ʮƷ߻ҷ𣡡Ҷ͵
ʲôҪϴ񣿡ɴ۾ѵйеٲɣ
ȻУֻձԼ£ȴǺУȻ׽䡣ҶЦҪȻ龳ߣǿʮƷôࣿ
ףΪʲô鼶ܰʮƷߵˣ׶£һССʮƷʲô
ǺǣҪܴﵽ鼶ĻΪҶλͬ󡣡ҶЦ
ЦЦ˵Ҷ˵ôѣ˭֪ܴܲﵽ
Ҷҡҡͷô֪һܵõƾպףϴʱ򣬾ҪɵĶࡣ
Ҷôһ˵㵹ţǲף
һ¾Ц˳ҶԸˣ龳̫ңԶˡ
龳ڵ۹λʮָߡÿһ龳߶ڵ۹˵һʼֵǺǣں˵ЩҲûá㽫ﵽ龳ȻˡҶЦ
Цŵͷ龳˼
ˣŰƷ鼶ԶأҶͲҪѹˡҶ˼İҶһۡ
Ҳǣ㾡ﵽʮƷ;ҶЦ

Ҷһ󣬾ͺҶ˼һ뿪ķ䡣
ոպҶ˼߳Ҷķ䣬ͼҶڲԶĵĿ
СӣһµʱѾ˲ˣҵҪɱӦ顣
ҶŵҶ˼üͷһŭҶߵҶԣ
Ҷ˼дһ˿Ž֮
ⲻ飡Ҷ˿ûںҶ˼СݣһҶ˼
Ҷ˼׼˵ʲôʱҶͻȻӷҶôĵӣҶССУҾͽѵһ
˵꣬ҶȭͷɨҶ࣬ɨҶϣȴҶɫ䣬͵ı˳ȥһѪҺ³
һкҶЦеĿ˵֮˷ӲʵͬʰһƷߡ
;ˣֲ֮𣿣


60 
ҶһʵﵽƷ壬ҪʮƷߣȴˣӲҶһиѪֳ˵ǰδеġ֮治ܺģ
ƽϢͷ𺳺ڰ˼ŵʵϡҶĿֲͬ˲֮ǿҿ
ȻҲ֪·Ҫһߡԭ׼ɺ׵뻹׼ɡϾҶڵĺɵĲ࣬ҪٽҶĺ׳ɳǲˡȻǾȰѺ׸ˡ֪ͬ˺׵ܳɳֵز
Ҷ˼ȡƤĺף֪ҪʲôĵȻȴҲû㡣Ҷ˼Ҳٴμ֤һ档ɺףʵȻܴǡʱҶҲ̫˼ɡ
ҶȻҶһ٣ȴܴԼ
뵽Ϊ;ƷҶԼҶ˼͸жһͿС꣬Ƕһݴ
ɫ˸ɫĻ棬Ϳ񱩣ÿ˸䶼׵㿴ɢſ׵磬һʹ£׷תģϹһԵҶ˼ס
׵飬Ҷ˼ҲԹԵʱҶѾ׼˴ҩȵֿȴʲô׼Ӳס
Ҷ˼ҲΪ׼һЩȻһεķḻȴܼͬļΣա
ܾˣ˿̵ȻϹƵֱ֣źץ˹ȥûһ˿ʩֱֱץȥ
䡭
˲ֲĺգۼͰֱȫֱ׵紩壬򾡣ͬʱϱĲҰ
ںײƵ㣬ϹǣϺЩסֻԽɣеĺ׾ͱĸӿֲ
䡭䡭
һһ׵ϣһƵģ׵ľ޴һ£ɫԽԽҰס
㲻òϣȷʵ𵱳õҪǿϼ֡Ϊž綾Եʣ׶˺̶ȸҪǿࡣ
ں׵һ£ֻס񣬵ʹ£ڷתһʹ
о۵ͬʱܸоıŷоĵʵһֲּٶ
һҧץź׵ָ׹һ˿뵽У׸Ǳ̼Ծ񱩣׵һд岻ϣΪġ
һԵҶ˼һĻͬһ촽ţ¶Ե̬ϸָţκ˶ܲ˵ע㡣
ֱ׵ȫΪɫ㣬ϰ¡֪ɺף˿ֲҲ
ϣϹÿ֮䣬е׵Ҫʧ룬㻹δһֱ׵һο񱩰
Ҷԭ壬Ǳڷһ̲ס˹ǵպ׵ʱ˴ԭء
Ҷ޷һ鶼ûдﵽ꣬ôͽץףɺûǺ۵ĺȴҪڵĺ׿ֲ౶
ȫ׵Ƶ㣬ҶĿ⿴վһɢĻҶ˼޷Ҷ˼ô㳢ôΣյ顣ǵĿע⵽ż˸ʱ̲ס֡
ÿ֣Ҫס
ɺ׵Ϲ⣿Ҷ˦˦ͷʹļʶͬû˵ʲô
䡭䡭
֮ϣϢڲϵеһʵҶ΢΢զ࣬ʹﵽΣǿٶȣ̲סۡ
׵磡ߺôĶֻǣÿһ˸ҳԣ
ʹҶʵҳܺĶ塣ͿеĿֲˣ
䡭
ٴһο񱩵ĺڳܲˣһѪҺ³һĻҶ˼ȭͷĿżᶨ㡣
ҶҶ˼ˣ̲סʵôԣ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷһڵ
Ҷһ㶣û˵С˵һˡ꣬ȴɺ׵϶
֪ڵֵϹʲô𣿡ҶͻȻʵ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷֻ֪ɺ׵һ׵磬ȴ֪ʲô
׵磿ҶüͷЩɺףоʮ棬֪ʲôԭɣʱ˴𰸡׵׵磿ǲ̫˼ˣ
ֵˣҶ̾һҶ˼ץŵ֣ͻȻЦЦ˵Ȼòôġ
Ҷ˵꣬һ޴ͻȻеĺһ̾ȻȫףȫС
㣡Ҷ˼ֻ׵ȫڵߣ˶ںС
ںװе㣬ͬɫ䣬͵Ҫ໤סɺ׵硣
ԭﵽƷ㣬κ׵ȫ汬£纣еˮ˲伷ѹ䵽УƷƿɿֲ£˲ɢƷ
ܲƷʵĸܣڵʹ£ѹ׵ͬʱͬǣױɡ
ɺУʼתת£һɹɺӿУ׵תٶԽԽ죡
Ϊ˺׵Եʣԭͷͬõ廨һףȻʼı۳һδŵ
׻ʱתٶ͵ֹĥʹѵĺףת£УǴ
ܸоγɵһ̣ƺЩײֵһˣ׾ٵĸɡ
׽ˣ㵣ĵͻȻһ뷨ԽԽܡ
ױһɹɺױɣܸо׳󡣺ܿͲ˾Ʒн׵ˮ׼ﵽκϢȹ
Ʒˣ
Ȼ֪ɺ׺ܴﵽƷĴﵽʱ򣬻̲סϲѡƷʵСѾԺˡϵƷС㲻һܽǰ壡
Ҷ˼ϵĺ׷˥ɫͬ˷֮ɫҾ֪һͦġ


61 ɽ
ﵽƷг׺ÿһƷĲ࣬˿ɣʮƷ;ƷĲӺ
뵽ҶʱҶӦвʤ㡣һʼ׵壬׶һ䣬ͬƷ£Ҫǿ˺ܶࡣ
ҶȻžƷʵֻҪûдﵽʮƷͲ
ﵽƷࡣǲҸȥҶд£ͷ뷨ҶҶϾҶս꣬϶ߴҶ˼ȥ
㣡˼Щʱش˷ֻܵˮĻʱ̲ס鴤˼¡
һƬǽ壬ԭװĻȫˮУȻǽˮȣҿǲл
㣡ָѶȵ飬ԺͲҪˡôߵ̣̫ίˡĿ˵
û°ɣνʼ磬ٴΰˮеˮȥ
ݡزûһ㣬㵹ǶˣҵĻͱкɾˡ
ҲͶеˮ˵㣡Ҫʵģͼú̿ȥϴɣ򵥵飬̫ʺ㣡
ú̿ϴ𣿡ɻʵ
ʹĵͷȻЩѶȣǿ϶ܵģȥԿѶȵʺɣ
Ҳǣôּ򵥵̫ûȤˡԺ˾ȥϴú̿ϴú̿һţƵ顣
үһҸʲôȥҤӰɣ֪һļҶǾԲȾָģĿء
̲סһ˹ȥΪ֮ȵǣȻ׾㿪ˣҤ飬˭Ҳ㣬Ҫ˵ô죿
ٺ٣үԭȺãȻһЦģΪ˵ȫľٶԲûƨ۵顣
ؼԼ˵©ɫ˺죬Щε˵б飡ٹѧԺļھҪȹˣʱҪǰѧԺʱ䣬һȥɱһֻ޺һҩģ
ޣһɴ۾ĿأǲǷˣôǵģʱԸ߻˶پ⻹Ҷ˵£ŽҸɵ
ȥնɱޣⲻԼ
ôȸһֻ޶ѣֲҪ̫ǿģǺú֯ȫɱز˵ͻȻ뵽һʲô˵͵ҶնɱֻͬһֻҲǲĴڡҪնɱֻġһȼ
Ȼ֪ôģô˵ŷġӦòûȥôΣյ顣
үҪ޸ʲôͻȻʵ
ΪҸ׾˵Եʣˣ˵Ҳ˵ûк̫࣬Ͻ׼һ£Ҫ֪ǸϽ
ߣңҾҪȥصĻո˵꣬˵ʹյĻ
ۿȥֻվĵĽë¶Ĳ
ضʮΣ̹Ȼʲô֪оͷ۵˵̣ǺΣյ顣ܲܲȥ棿
УÿζȥһһҪȥյ˫ۣųĵĽëżᶨ
ʼ磬ҲɿڣɲҴǰȥ
㿴ѾŮϢգ΢΢ЦЦ˵үöСһȥɣһ˴ڼҲܹ¼ţ
ǡû뵽Ϊտ˵ǲԸӦ
үİɣһչ˺СģöСΣյġ˵
ضĿãҶջĺܳ谮绹Ҫ硣ؿȸԾ̾һ˵Ǿɣչ˺
˵꣬ؾ뿪ˣǰȥųˣ
㣡Ҿ֪ãһѱס㣬˷ܵĶ㺰ѹ㣬㼫Ϊܡ
ǶСĸȻҪΪС룡㿴գഺСŮ֮ĵġ
ûҸֹ࣡һϾȸԾ㣬һûȥɽأҪҪԵĹȥҪȻһġ
յĻ㺹գϽС뷨ҪǶСһѶȥʱĿ϶ɲԸⱳһʳ
СģҾԲŵģҾУ˵
СŶһ˵㲻Ҷţ

оʮͷۣŮԴ浽ʲôûУ͵Ļˡ

һȺ˺ƺƵɽȥ㾪ȵǣӵľȻǸеľƷﲮﲮΪҵλĴڣһûдû˭Ǵ˿ȴԴӣŸоɽ֮Ҫ
˽²͵͵գΪʲôҶɱôء
նȻ֪޲ԣ֪ܿԭ㾪ȵǣҲ鼶Ĵڣǵ۹һλֻ͵йսУйˣ޷һΪż½ʵָʮƷΡȻΪﵽ龳磬ʵҪǿƽʮƷߡΪƣȴÿһʱ䣬Ҫһ龧ڶҩܱ֤ĽССط龧Ȼ򲻵ֻȥɱˡ
龧ڵһ壬ǲÿһֻ޶龧ֻã龧ޣϴնɱĺ߾û龧
֪ɽΪԭĵ׾ٵԻ͵ͬʱҲҪԣѹﲮˣ
ЩʱͻȻ㣡㿴ҵȺ
һ㶣ȻȥȻү㽻ֵ貮һڼҶͬƺƵɽ
ҲһĻɫһҵʲô
üͷʵ֪֪үҪ龧飿
ôֲ֪ܲʲôܵ飡˵漴ɫͻȻ˱俴˵ǹҵģ
ͷ˵ųֿܡвޣ
صͷԣҺҵĶԹǺпܾǳġ
㿴ǵɫ΢΢ЦүҲ̫ġǷЩǣﲮڣǵҲռʲôˡ



62 ˶
ѽⲻүôϵҪֲסˣ׼ܿһ˵ʱ򣬸ո˵¹ЦĿأֻż¶ĺ¶ĺ⡣Ҳ˭ôңܲ޶Է
£ҪٸҵһΣųȥŭܲס
˭ųȥһºһԾԾԣһαôңвʣҪΪǸҶ˴ֵ
ܲµļŭŲӾ׼¸һܣ̲ס̾һǰס˵үҪԸеʱ䣡
뵽׵壬Ķһۣ漴һǿ¶ֵ
¼£׼Цأȴ貮סѵүǻ񡣡
һ㶣ͬʵĿĿغ㣬һʹҵļҶƺƵ뿪貮뿪ŰĿ⿴ص˵˵ϣǻܲ񵽵ף
˵꣬貮д뿪˵֮С
貮׾뿪㶣ĵײûΪԷ뿪ˣӵĵġ³Ⱥ˾⣡
غﲮ¶֮ɫ㰲οЦʲôıǽžǣǵӪҲǡ
ţ˵еүǻǸϽѰޣȰүȡ龧˵ﲮ˵һȺ˺ƺƵĿʼ·

һߣո뿪ȴ̲סԹ貮Ϊʲôҳڶ
үֺαؼһʱү֮С֮𣿵ʱ㻹ôô貮Цүһ̣ǰҪĶȵõ˵
ô˵Ǹʲôʱ֮ܲһ뵽ϴεĳ裬Ҿһ̶̲ˡҧ˵
ˣү׼ϾײǿЦģûȫ֮ߣײ֮貮˵εĿ껹ȵõǸĶ
貮õϢǲģҪǼٵǰһˣЩɵ˵
ǺǣүҵϢ˵һλԲŵĶпеƷ֮ϵԼֱүܲſں˵貮͵οûУҲҵ鷳ٺ٣ɱޣһҲûа
貮ô˵۾һ˵ͷǾͿѰҰɡҪҵʱ鷳
ү˵ļǣҲֹͻϾҪҲᶴĻ鷳貮˵

˸Զ˼ɶԷĸ·
һ·ԵµľգƵģʲôȤҪһһ·ϣֻŸսˡ
ּõģﲮĿע㡣ĵ׺ĸ͵꣬ô˲䷳ΪŸ顣ﲮҪߴߴڶʸͣһһЩرɵ⣬ܲˡ
ȴûһ˿ͷı֣ǼΪΪ飬һûƢһҪ˵ûƢﲮҲУΰôҵˣûƢ
ôĶʮֳ谮ˡ룬ҶѹܱѡΪˡ
һ·ﲮɵ޵ǲ٣ȴδޣһҵЩꡣ
ɽдһ죬֪˶Զľ룬˸оƣʱͻȻָһ˵ÿɰ¹Ŷ
˶ۿȥһξĵطһֻɫʰͬ¹Ķ
¹ﲮֻ¹ĵ״ϲڣС㣬ȻǸǣ¹ҵ
¹ղʵ
¹вС龧ּޡǷ鼶Ը֮һﲮ˵Ľ͵
ҲΪ¹뿪ﲮһڼҶԸҰΧȥ𾪶Χùش˵
Сĵ㣡¹ȻСһ֣СҲ׶ԿģʮƷҲĶ֣Ƕù潻档
ﲮĽͣһڼҶ˼ʮƷ߶Ը˵ޣǾ͸ǲһˡ
Ҫɱôɰͱʾ
ﲮ΢΢鴤һ£û仰ɱʲôɽһ۹ⲻɣ
㣡㱣գն㺰һ䣬𹭼¹Ǳ˹ȥ
ϴ֪ļô춯أʹô˵ſڴӦүģСһչ˺õġ
Ҳ֪ûĻﲮһǱ˹ȥ
㣡ɲǻһֻɱֻôƯ˵
С㣡һֻΣСɱ޿ľҵˣɱΣϵ͡˵ϣػЦŶ˵


63 Ʒ
ܵ¹ȥ쾪ֻ¹ıӴܡ޵ٶȻ൱ģܶ£ܶաǴ˴δļҶ٣ʮܼܼȥм֧ϡ
ͿжصϣޱҵİУ񱩵ıżֱŰϢ
СģﲮһڼҶ޿ϣ
һڼҶһѺѾܲԾˣ൱ֲģҪǺ潻Ļ׶༪٣
䣡ٴһҶҲҵңһ˳ȥ
໡мϣ¹໽еıŸո䵽ͳ˹ȥ
ǿϵأ޳סֻߵޣΪܰȫͬʱֻ޾ȻֱŴײȥ
ꡭһزĴȻڴϵأҵı任λ÷ֹҵǿܿΣգȴֻ׹ע
һĻشʧɫϽһתܡϣȴŷһسȥ
ƿ͵һ࣬ЩǱڵתȥޱŷԭվĵطһƬɳɳ£һ亹
ﲮشΣУ󺧺һڻүӴܣ
ﲮĻ£һޣ׷ص·ؽᣬӳ޵ĹΧ
һԵռߣһֻΪոոյĽţʹץֱۣоСŮ˰ֱ۶ץˡ
㣡᲻յڰ׷㣬дڴ
ҺųưٷСɾȻСɫֵҳ֡ſں
㡭ո׼˵ʲôȴﲮ󺰵Ҫܣҿ׷
նۿȥȻֻǸȱڼٱܶȥش󼱣Ͻ֯Ҷ׷ȥ
ǵߣﲮͬЩżոսѾ綾ڣԭֻҪʱܰҪǱӵ˻ããɽȥ
ԣﲮҵһȵ׷ȥ

տȻͬ׷ȥֻΪյԵʣٶȱȲصˡ
һڼҶ׷ص˺ܿʧУտһĻЩգ˫޹۾㡣
׼˵ʲôȴһ࿴µȺƺƵȺϽץյ֣ŴءǣɲһȺ˵Ķ֡
ռͻȻץֶڴ棬˲Ĩһ糺죬ԼҪʲô
ȻҲյ״ոյľٶ뻹Ǻ˻ɣͻȻץڴ棬ݴнĳЩεһġ
һƬѪɫգž޵ͬʱĿŲ˵㣡һͶ˵ġ
շĿ㣬ʲôӲĻţ
ʲôĺȻһЦ´ա
͵ر޾ţ㣡׼С㣡ߣ·ϣ
ɫգЦҡҡͷҲ¾һȺˣյ֣Ž͵ûûƨɵģҲȤСĵ㣬ǱߣǷ֣
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رǼЦЦոŽߺ޺޵ĵ㣺׼Ц
ȻһЦС㻹Ǻǰģ뵽ڴ·ôа顣
սЦĹ죬Ҳץ֣ſھֱҧȥ
յûȴǳصģôҧȥһðҵʹЩûнгֻ²ס
ڷй󣬲ɿֱֱۣϱҧ͸ѪҺʱɫ˺죬ֱۣżջĺС㴵š
Ժ׼ЦңЦһҧչ׺ݵĵһֵۣͷΪ㴵ֱۣЩ۵˵㣡ոôۣΪʲôɿ
㿴ǰɢŮջգЦЦûн͡תµˣȴһɽʵǣ˿ûص鷳˼ɻѡ
С㣡ҪҪ¿Ҫʲôʵ
ųĵӣģ
һ·βµˡռĸˮƽɺʵ㣡ǲǾˡ
մһСʲô˼ֱ׾ٵ飬뵱Ů˶δֹο⡣
ҲһŮˣվմ꣬ȻһЦΪɣһսԶûС
ǲ˵Ů˸ͻȻתĵ۾ע㡣
ĵŮôͻȻôⶼܲ²⵽
ҪãΪҶûлŮ˵ġ˵
ŶһҲ֪벻ţ㣡Ժ׼ҺЩѾ߹
ͷźӿ벻ԼûºһȺѾû»Ϸµ鶼֪
ôġղһȴ֪仰ҪǱҵѾȻ޴ԩˮƽ˭˭һβܶ飿
С˵ǣϽͷ
⣬޷֣ʵɽ塣ǰżѹֱۣ廬ΪöĻꡣ
ôԶȷʵˣֱ۵һʵλãһЩֻսżĻ𵴡룬ҪСջҲܶġ
µ˲ϵľ룬µͻȻתһΪխϿȣ˾ĿһȺ˶ȥŴСĵĸҲϿС
ϿʮСµûΣ˵ĺﲮҪòҵǶ
ү𼱣Ӧÿˣ
ģϣǶеƷȵȣҪȻŹСӾͿˡֵ˵
µ仰ȴնһۣд𺳣ǾȻҵƷ
еƷ㣬Ȼ֪ƷĿֲŻȣ


64 жᱦ
Ʒ˵ĪջƷʵǡҪǻӵһ׵ƷĻҶȻʮþȡ
ֻºƺƵȺҪڶʳϵ졣Ҫᣬʣ
ռĬѹ˵㣡ǲǵĶ
Ťͷգյݾ֬˫ٸȲϵˮע㣬ö˵ң׳յ۾С
Сأ㿴˵
տһͻȻ˵ɣСһЩǣҪͻ
˹ɵĻ鲻Խץյ֣˵һ˴ﲻ𣿡
ձץ֣ܵĴȣɫ˺죬Ͼ͹ɵĽҲŲأ
ĵ֪ǲΪ׸СȻЩԣȴܹͬɣҶܰȫһ
֪ˣ憪£죬ȥɣ
ڰպҲҵٵĸһȺˡ
үǰˣϿȾ͵ˡͿôҵǸɽˣ貮˵
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һ˼ٸ·ʱǰͻȻһҽУԭǰҶıһֻ޸˺ѿ
˺ޣ貮ʶ㣬ǰСȻֻй󣬵ǴײϢȴ˵ľصֻޣֻȻҪײкǿࡣ
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໡
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űߵ˺඼˺ѳѪģĵ׸̾Ұײеͬʱͬûǽµ˶Ը޵ʱԽϿȣһٳԽߵǵǰ档
ͷһߵ޺ͲִӦ޵һȺˣȻһЦ˷ʱ䣬ʼѰ˵Ķ
ʱʱŭ޵΢΢Щ٣оʱȣȻžƷʵҪǱԷΧĻͬ׶༪٣Ͼɲǳصġ
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ʯһСľУһѱԼƿ
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һкŰ׹һ񣬾͸Ͻʯŵĺ档
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һڼҶµķԸ£һȥɽͨĵ㣬ֻ˸Ͻ׷ȥ
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貮סСӣСӰѶĶˡո׷¼貮ڶţͷϲ
貮ɫһ䣬Ͻִٵ㡣
ߣǵס𣿡Цѣֱۺ貮һ貮ִٵĶ֣һ˲䵹ᣬӴܳɽӴܡ
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65 նɱƷ
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ϼһ˭Ҫӣ۾貮һȺҶһμԶľ׷ɱȻһЦɱ㣬Ȼˡ
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ҾͿʲôˡ貮һȡı˹Բѵ꣬ʮֲϲ


66 
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һײ貮鿪貮оϴĿֲĵ΢΢һܲԸﵽǸΣıָʮ֮˾źﵽͬһΡ
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ЦЦĵǲҪҵ貮ɱˡ飬˵ͬһ𣡲վû˵ȳɽˣȻͻ֪ˡ


68 ֻʮ
Ԥϵնɱ貮ϢС˾ξˡСϵÿһ嶼𺳵ˣаҡ
˭Ҳ޷ţСгѾõ貮һҶСϢȴòšϢУǵ֪ԭӦҵĶˡʮ˵£Ѷˣ
С˸˵Ҵүص֮ͿʼҶү貮壬ɫൽ¡ң쳣ѹС
˶֪ү貮ʬʱ򣬲ûһѪر˵еĶûõʱ򣬸ŭ
һ±зһһµĵƷ似һҩҪġû뵽ȴΪ˼£Ҫǰұ۵ﲮȥˡ
һ̣үĺ˶ҵĺ⡣
ҵȴҽȻ෴𵱳ų˿Ʒ߶նɱһоǲǷˣ
ڲ֮ǰҶ۸ĴڣȴΪСӵĿ޳ûƨ۵ĵز
ȻҶ貮ʮָˣԷʵֻǴкô
˷ܸ˺뵽һʲô̲סŭһ䣺Ҳݣ쵰үǸѾĲҪ𣡣
ȻһŭһڼҶϽܡĵ׶үĲѣݣô޳ܵñ˵㣿ﲻүλø˼
֮ү߾裬ϾһƷпұߣ
ǣҾȻ˿ʾûУСɰС˶оȡ
ү벻ͨûм룬ʱȴ㲻ү΢΢üͷСӻ湻󵨵ģոնɱ貮͸ҵܣѵ֪Һ޲ð
үȻ֪ʱҶ˼ĸ¥С
ǰŵߵҶ˼뵽Σգ
ԺҪ˼Уնɱλ貮ǲŹ㡣Ҷ˼ǰ꣬о̾ʵͬʱ̲סΪоͷۣҶƺ̫һ㡣
޼ɵעҶ˼Ҷ˼ɫĶӣ֫֫ýģȴУż¶һأ񣬿ŷβϸ֫Ļţһ֡
ɱɱˣ΢΢ЦЦԵ˿⡣
Ҷ˼ЩΣԴ˵ô죬ҵˣҵǿƣСԶԸǡ
⵹ǲģֻҪҲҡСĵ£ҳǼ֣ҪȻκβҡ΢΢Ц
Ҷ˼Ƿ㣬Ǵ겻еĵţ·һжѲƵģ˸оһְġⲻһϵ
ôˣҶ˼ɻҶ˼޼ɵҶ˼۾۽ëͫ峺ӨҶ˼żֳȵüëûж㿪˼㵹ԼĺЩˡŮĺܻ
ʱǲһ꣡Ҷ˼С쿩ֱЦĿ㡣
ʼ߹㣡ҲСҶ˼ҲѹŶ
Ҷ˼㻹ǲǵϷһһ۵ҿɲҪһƭŮӵˣ˵˻л㡣
ЦȻҶ˼΢΢ЦЦΪãҪ᲻õĻټǮûáҶ˼һ𣿡
Ҷ˼ڣҶ˼ЩĻţ̲סŤԴҺӡ
ȥҶɺװɣҶ˼תƻ
ͷҶɵһξͲˣȻһЩ࣬Ҫҳ࣬㲢ñҶԼЩ׺ö١
µľֻܿҶˣԼ޸Ŵ˵壬ľǶҶŲٹЧǱҶ״˵壬ֻʩչεľǱˮнѡ
룬Ҫܴﵽ龳Ļʩչ϶Чˡ
𲻹ǾǷ⺮Ҫ֧֣;ò֮֮֮ء
ҶҶ忴Цû뵽նɱƷʲôʱʮƷ
ʮƷ㵣ҶЦô򵥣ŴﵽƷûãҪﵽʮƷ֪Ҫá
ҶҡҡͷǺǣҪǶڱ˵ȴˣǶ˵ȴöѡѾƷˣеĴھҪﵽʮƷǾֻܷھˡǺǣ㱾˵ѡ
˵ѣҶܲ˵һ㣿ɻʵ
ҶЦЦ˵һ࣬δﵽ֮֮ǰӵҪǿĶࡣҪܰһ˿뵽УȫûھһٴﵽʮƷĲΡ
뵽У㵣ڶ֪ô£뵽С
Ҷ˵İ취ȴǲܡԶԶǿˮ׼ҪܰУ㲻ھҲʮƷʮƷھȫصеķҪɵࡣ
ǺǣⲻһѡܴܲﵽҲ֪Ҷ΢΢ЦЦԣ㲻ɹ˵ҲûлҪǳɹĻʵȻǣʱҲˡ
лҶָ㣡ЦЦһԱߵҶ˼ЦһȥԣҶĺɵĲˣԺֻܿҶԼˡ
Ҷͷ޷ûкףָģ
ЦЦͺҶ뿪˸¥
ҶҶ˼עıӰǰδеɫҶ岻̾һϧһʮĺӣ
Ҷ˼仰΢΢֪Ҷʲô˼
Ҷ΢΢ҧ촽Ҷ˼̾һݣԼλáҪǺһʮ귢ʲôĻӦ׺Ƕôء
Ҷ˼ɫ˰ף漴ЦһҶ˵Ҷﻰ㿴һῴһʮĺ𣿡
ҶҡҡͷĲһʮꡣϾǣ
Ҷ˼ҶĻ˦˦ԴһҶˣһڶһʮʲôУ
Ҷҡҡͷûм˵ʲôڱҶȻģ꣬Ҷ廹Ĳ¡Ҷ˼ܼĲ࣬ûѡ
һʮŮ˺һʮ꣬Ҷ˼ݣ԰Ҷ˼ٲԨˡ


69 ʮƷ
һİְС˸оϢĿⶼ鲻Խļϣȴ±ǰ͵ˡ
Ȼ˵һ£㹻ʱڶõ
ɱնƷмʩչƷûеĿ񱩺ͰԵ͵꣬Уп񱩣еӣʯ쾪Ŀֲ
ЩӾͳУͷ⺮һصǣΪƷͬʩչȻ㲢ȫʩչܣʩչֻС֮ȫߣûʩչС
˵ʩչоͼ˷ˡߣ˭ߵʱʩչƷ֪ͬǣٶʮ֮죬ֱǷ˼ڶ̶һܲʱڣܰѵƷмˮ׼鼶Ҳ顣
ɱն˼ڷŵʵϡƷʵСȻǺߵնɱ貮ԵʣƷʵԱ֤İȫοȻİҶʵһκ󣬰Ҷ͸ûһ˿ˡ
ǸóһҶ˵ķˣҪܰСʮƷ׾ܴﵽ
뵽⣬ȿʼΪĿܸоش׹ԶԶǿ״̬׹ȫ˫޵Ĺ
ǵһ͸оеĲÿһµΣ
Ȼⲻ㾪ġ㾪ȵĻڶŴ򿪵ơһʱõҪǵڶ򿪣ȻбĻĹְɡ
ԸĹУĵĶǱȱ˺õġ̬ͺñԼԶȱã
ڵе㣬ŬҪҵ̲ڵʧǣѰң޷Ѱν
Ҳһ¾ҵΪĵڷ
һδεѰһδεʧУ΢΢üͷͣеӡῪʼ˷⺮ӡ
ȻҲֻܽ⺮ˡʩչ⺮ҪҪЩ״ӿġ
ӡͬʱУӿֱ۵ͬʱоԺһϢͬӿֱۡ
ָоͷһϲ׷ȥͬʱӡĸӿݡ
ӡԽԽʱԺӿҲ𽥵졣׵Ĳ׽ںδӿģ
㾪ȵǣȻǴǶδŵӿġ
е㵣ѹôöҲֻ㾪ȵǣΪʲôÿɶӿУѵ岻̲
㵱Ȼ֪壬׵ĿԶԶҪСĶ࣬˵ȫûпԡҲЩӿ׵Եʡ
֪ЩУɢ۶ɵķ⺮üͷ΢΢а䵽УѶ൱֮
ãܲܰУҪеĻ̺ȻС뵽㣬Ϳʼʹʹ£׿ʼתһ˿зɢӶȥ
׺Ͻӽסעߡ
䡭
ںϵʱһ·ޣÿ·Һ׽Ӵķܶ£оһɾ޴ڳҵʹɫҰס
Ŭסʹͷһݣٴΰǣһ𡣺͸ոͬǣɲףã㣬һɹɴڶľʹð
סĵ׷ڵѪһһ˿ףԸո״ҪϣС
ʮƷջ㲻Ը׷ͻȻʼһ׷ɢٴηϸһ˿ɼ׳
ôһ˿ףٴʹڵڵһ֮󻺻ĺһ˿ɼ׿
סȫһ˿׽Ӵɱּų⡣ֻΪ̫ϸСԵʣųԱոСࡣ
ȫѹȥѹ£Щ׵Ŀֲڸҽӽˡ
䡭
ȫװʱͬһԭͻȻըѿзֻһɹ׵ܼ£ûгС
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䣬üͷûʲô˺ҲͲ̫ࡣʼһ˿ס
ŵһ˿ĳɹ֮Ҫ򵥵ࡣһϸСױ£׳ļΪɹۣ׳£Ʒƿʼ
˼˿׺һͻ˾ƷƿﵽʮƷĲΡ
ڴﵽʮƷεʱи׹żǿҵϢȣֻײеĿ񱩡
ֻֻЩɻԭΪȻֻܷףǶȻԷֻסǺȴһ˿²⣬ѵֻֻܷɵײɣ׵Ͳֻܷ
ʵײ۶ɣ׿ԷֻȴڵģͲܺױȣʹʱЩ׻Ҫǿ
ٴںϼ׺Ҳ޷һ˿סʱʵȻһԾ絽ʮƷнףĲΡ
㾪㵲ѣ˭Ҳ޷ţ׵ں˿ֲ
Ҫǣӵеͨȫˡ
պһȭȭͷдŵ֮ϢԶԶǿͨߡ
׵繥
оԴˣĹÿһȭ׵
һоڳһʮƷ߽֣οֲãʮƷֵܵġ


70 һ
ﵽʮƷࡣÿй䣡
ȻµΪѾһҶˣһүּʵ˷ȴûһ˸ұ¶Ц˼ƷնɱһĴҲûƿмҶĴܼҶͿ
ȻСйҲûζͿʼСйҲ㴩ԽһɵСķ⡣
־ٶȴСʶ˵ɴ۾Сǲ̫һЩնɱҵľƷߣеڴүй䣿浱ǲèɣ
㵱Ȼ֪ʲôүǷڴй䣬һЩ˵СաΪһϸļҶֺСǱġͺñȵǵܲǱΪ飬ڶ̶ʱھͳΪ˾ĸ߲һ㣬˼ƿͷȻڲ쳧˼Źֵ˿ƿӣдϼû˿ĶĵʣѳһСҵĹƣ׾ܡ
ûкȹͷ۾Ƶܲãþƣң
˿̵ȻҪӵͳȥһӵĶһҪ컨׹ٰʮһô˵վֽдܼҸٰʮ
СŮ࣬ҪƭЩѶȣҪǣϲ۾˵С۾ŵĻȴС
ǲҪҶ˼㶫ʱȴһǿ׳Ӱǰһ̧ͷ𣬼ҶֱֱĶĿżֳŪ
û뵽һССҶȻնɱƷҶż⣬Ҳѹ֣ҶһƣǰһסʱڴϼСӣܻδһ֮Լ̲ס鷳
Ȼ֪նɱ˾Žף㻹·۾Ҷ
ҶһǸϼһҲ֪ʲôɱˣѵΪҺһɣϼһҲҵĶ֡
ҶĻ㵹ûٻɡҶҪʮƷʵ貮治֡ûаϡ
ÿһ֮Լм죡㵭Ȼ˵
ҶЦˣҪǿڽһүүҾٶ죿
üͷͻȻͣҶ˵;
Ҷ㶢ţǹɴżȻĵһϾԳôܱһëͷСӵ嵽˵ҪҪܶŰ㼸ء
ҶĻͻȻЦ¶׵İҶ˵һŰҵĻǾ̨ɡǰ˵ʲô£Ƕ˵͸ʲôˡ
Ҷ˼س̵޿쵽ˣ᲻ãȴֹˡԭΪźҶľԼϼ죬벻Ҷ̲סˡ
ߣϣȵȻôţҶһǰɱŨ
Ҷ֪ҶǱѵĺ󣬶ĺ͸ŨˡҶǷ˻˲پŪǰģģһˣԸҶ˼͸鷳ˡ
Ҳϻֱ࣬Сһ̨ƽСľ඼
ҶȻֱӣһҲû룬һԾ̨
̨ͻȻˣܿԱȺĿ⣬һĿתƵϡ
һЩʶ˵Եü˷ܣĿֱֱע̨ϡ
һСնɱ˾Ʒߵ㡣һСĸ֣ԿӽʮƷߵĴڡСһһĸֻ֣Ϊʲô
ЩһסˣаԴ˭Żʤ
һᣬģҾһٷŹ㡣ҶĿаЦ
ЦЦҶһָЦ֪ʲô˼𣿡
һɻУЦָһа㣡
һƬȻһۿ㣬СӲһţһаܽӽʮƷҶԼǿ߲ɣ
С̫ˣѹָٴϻεˡģѵĳԱӵĲɣ
ݡһаܾƷ壬ţҲеˮƽԲ

Ҷͬû뵽˵ŵĻŭЦӵҪôһаң
һԣ
㵭˵ʮɵֱϣȭͷҶ˹ȥٶȿХֱ׹ֻڵÿܷ֡
ҶٶȵͬʱҲǱ֮ɫһаǶɣ
Ҷܣʮɵ䵽ֱϣݺݵ˹ȥҶһȭҪſ㡣
ҶȻӭǴЦȭͷٴο˼֣Ҷ
ꡭ
ȭ޻εײ£һҶ屻ֱֱ׷ɳȥϻ׹ͬߵķݴ̨ϵ䣬ڵϣҵĵ˼£ͬʱҶɹѪҺӿȾ档
ռ䶼͵ͬʱ˦˦ֱۣ˵һŶʯͷȥĻƷ߲Ҷû϶٣
ݡ
һ̲סĵŭĿתϵҶɴŲšǽӽʮƷߵĴڣһȭү飿ǣǰļҶȴˣ
ģǰ˴ҶǷ˭ôû̲סһ
˾ηУ̨һԾ£Ŀ⿴ڵϵҶжͬһµ֪еĻҪǿ֣׵񱩺ͰԵǡ룬ʮƷ֮У޵֣ʹү
ڵϾȻûιȥҶ۾ŲҶֱϣҶҽеͬʱ΢΢һͷͬʱ΢΢Ц˵ǰҾûôҪܾ˵ĺ⣬Ϳ𣿡
˵꣬ٴһ
˿ȫڱŰҶпǴż־ηЩսǾķ֣ÿδϢȻʵǵϢֱǵʱڶ̵˾֡
㿴űȼŶѣȥҶһ˿⣬˺Ҷ˼ˣò顣
Ӵֵһ̯ȡһƿֶۣǸֵϰ󣬰Щ۵Ҷϣ̫Ե㶫ɣ̫
־ٶΧ۵ȺǵһڵŲٵϣЩ۵ȥĥ
СС꣬˼Ȼ˵زɱ˲ͷأ


71 Ǹ
ʰҶһ˴͵Ŀ£Ҷȥ
ջصҴԺͱһҶҴҵס㣺磡㵽ȥˣүҷˣС㱻۸ˣڷһ˶ء
С㱻۸ˣüͷ˵˭۸ˣ
үǸޣСʱǸڴϡԶСһϷֶţҪүʱȥҪóˡСѽ磬ôʲôȵң
Ҷû˵꣬ͼŶСס۵ܹȥҶ׷ϡ
ոһ߽ţظ˵㣡ãȥȰȰգ
ͷҲûк˵ϻֱߵյķȥյķ䣬㿴ڴϣ˫ֱȣԴ˫ȼ䡣
ѳһŵģǰյĴңغС㡭
յӲ˲ĳ΢Ķһഺ̬ⷬͷƵ
С㣡ôˣյĺ󱳣ְ߻ѵԼĻУʱҲص˻һĻ
㣡ءձסҲ̲סһѰ㱧סϣؿںܿʹʪһ롣
ǡǡ۸ңմſǻߣЩί
㿴Щ˺ѵ·յ壺С㣬ûˣˣ۸ˣ
ղûΪİοɫã˵ֻܸԼ˿壬ǡǡ۸ң·˺ˣҡҡ
ӨˮյϻҼĽɰ鲻Խ֮С
˳˺ѵȥܿĺɫ£͹ıżջʾŮߡ
Сģ洩·ˡġ㰲ο
ǻ£˫ҵ˵ʹĲ˲ƺмĵ顣
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մż־ֵ뵽ǰǸഺȸԾջľŮѻ͸оͷŴۡ
ԼĶС㣡
һָε۽ǵˮ΢΢ЦС㣡ûµģ㣬Ǿʹ۾Ǿն˫֡
ĻղתһѰ𣬶ЦС㣡ȥǻǸ
㡭ո׼˵ʲôȴӻִϡ
С㣡ô۸ģȵ۸ǡЦ
ҲŲ۸ĵ㡣
㺹գ壬۸ѵյϷɣ
ţ۸۸ҾУ˵ұռ˲µģ
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С㣡ûµģ˵ˣǸġ㿴˵߰ɣһȥɣ
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պʱ͵͵תԴǵԴתȥʱȴԭأֻѾ·Ŀע۾Բ
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㡭ļ֣俴ŭ
ԴյС㣡ҪҸ㣬Ҳʹˣ鲻Խת
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Դ룬֮˵񲻻ᣡ
ռίɫûЦһָ߸ߵϽ۾ȴյ֮ŭ
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һ仰ͷһСʲô˼˵ֻԼܿǡ
°ô㿴أǰȻᶼʲôСʲôûԼҪʵǿ̸Ⱑ
ֱֱע˵߰ɣǸ
ţʹĵͷһ˷䡣
գû°ɣؼԸˣϲĺ
ү֪𣿡ʵ
Ұôˣɻʵ
û£СǸѣҲ˵ʲôȥ
һ㶣漴ŷӦɴ۾Ŀ㾪ֵ㣡㲻롭
㲢ûΪصĻش󺧺㣡嶯̶Ѩȥܵίһһģǧ嶯
·ûصĻɿٵغһڼҶ۾ǲǷˣһѵɱȥܵȥΪʰ£ȥ
ȻһаҶûǾ㴫ҡͬǷˣǿҵıӪ
ģһǲķˣ
ŭһĵͬ𺳵ǣȻΪһΪԼŮ˾ˣһҶΪԼСˣļҶɡ


72 ɱ
ʲôȥˣٴŭ֣ôȥ
Ҳ֪ʵ㣡Сֲүʲô취ɫ΢΢˺죬ʵȲԼļҶȷʵġ
Ҳؼƽһ˵СӵԼʲôˣҶȥҰȻȥ
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ͬоͷۣҶ湻ġҲôȥĵطŭ󣬶ȴͣϾΪԼСļҶɲ
ˣȥ֣ճˣҪȻ粻Źҵġһȥҿ̾һ
ҵǷģֻҪûһ£˵ֻ㡭
һһɣٻӻ׼ȥ

㣡㲻𣿡·ϣͻȻ˵
ЦЦȻ֪ҵĿֲϾ˫ѵ֣֮Ϊ˾ˣĵ׾˱һˣҪ׵ģ̶ѨҲҪһߡˣӦԼΣΪѺΣնԼԭ
С㣡²£ʵ
ҾͲ£Ҫ۾ϹȻǵúĻʹǱ£ɹڻ
ǶС͸ңߵſڣ˵
ЦЦһĸоԼĶø綼Ź˼ҵʱֻԼվһȥµ鷳ʱãȷľ

ֱֱߵҵĴ⣬ŵļҶ΢΢һ㶣Ů˲ǸոձүϷĿôѵүϷˣүɣ
뵽⣬һ˲ЦֻԱߵʱдżֲϲ
ӴⲻҶСô᲻үˣһҶٺаЦ
㡭࣬Ҫʲôȴִϣֱ¶˿ƵЦݣ˵С㣡ͼ˵ʲô
˵꣬յɴ۾УһȭֱֱĺԱһҶϣһȭºҶѪݺݵڴϣıҿ
һĻ˷Ӧ˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻ֡Ƭϲ֪˶꣬δ˸ҵĴš
ǽǿˣСֶξȻ˼ʲô˵˴š
һЩΧ۵һĻ˿㣬һɴ۾Ŀ㣬Сǳʲôӵ
Ǻܿľٶٴ˼£ֻʲô˵һȭȭӳſڵĸҶȫѪȻʲôҲ˵ҵĴš
˹һɴ۾Ķһۣ찡СҲɣǹƥң
žٶһɢļҶӦĵȻ˸ҵңʼǰѾеķˡ
ģһЩҶΧ˹ҪƷ㡣
ĵЦһЩߣкͶûʲôΧǶԶ̹繭ҪȻɲһ˿˺
ڸۡСķΧʺ϶ù
һգһֻһ˿˿Ѫ䣬ԭΧļҶȻѣǰôֲ̫㡣
Ȼƾһ֮ʮΧļҶóһ·͸ſһĻ΢Ⱥһ㵵ĿһĻ
£ҪǲҾͻٵңҸۡվûжЩҶʰһЩδﵽļҶҵЩϲҶû뵽ҵңԷӦ
Ȼ㺰󣬾һܼҴһڼҶܳΧס
ܼңСңյĳ֣һҶ첽ȥ
ܼҵˣĶգһȺҶһϣСӸʰ

ļҶеȥûһ˿ΣȫʮĻ裬Ļ£һҿļҶµѪķԲΧڣѪҺһƬ
һĻöܼҾѣͻȻ뵽һ˾㣿
ʶң㿴һ˵Ȼʶͺã½г
ϣܼͷһаҶȻûãδҴǸոΪȥɹȴڴϢһа˿ҪʮƷҶǺεȵʵ
ܼȻȴǿԴŭȣ㣡㲻ҪмʵΪΪҪ㣬׾١
ǲ׾Ҳֻ֪£㵭˵һӣ͵ϮһҶһϣеͬʱѪҺ
ԭ׼͵ϮļҶϽֹסŲ
㡭ܼŭûмŵˣСҵģǺүҡëͷСȴˣǳţ»
£ҪǲҾһɱ㿴Ŷܼҵ
ڶܼҵľУ㺰
ֱӺһֱֱĴһҶҶ㲻һ̱ڵɺѪҺ
ռͻȻɱˣѵ㣡Ǻһˣ
Ŷ𣿲˼Сʱûѧã޹˵
仰ûöܼ裬ûѧãǾǵ
ɣΪǸһΣһڼҶ˵
仰˲һڼҶֵ˺һ飿ǵûĿܣ
Щ˺һ£Ҫǻ֡ɱˣ
ЦһݶӰһնһ档ݶ𹭼ԸԼѵҾܸǵӲɣ
Ȼµ㣬ʧݶ˵ߣ޷䵽㣬һȺ
С㣡ɣŶСЦЦĿתܼһȺˣд⡣
ܼҼ£һξΪǵ絲ǶġСӵʵȥԶ̹á
ڶܼͷ۵ʱһҶڵϡ
һҶ۾˵һûأ
ողҶоˣ˵
ܼѪҲ


73 ֱ
ԸַʽնɱҶµӰڳǰ¿ŵϵ̲̲ѪĿ㡣
ռ³֣ƺ˺Ӱץֽ˽ָС޲ϰץʬȻջ޷ͻһĻ
㣡ٶҵҵԣ¼ըˣС̫ˣȻֱܵɱˣѵ浱Ƕɣ
ҾɱһΣӵĿ£͵һԾһļҶ˹ȥһֱӹᴩ壬һҽеڵϡ
㡭û뵽ȻĵֱɱˣɫǺ죬ٴλص¶ŵ㣬ŭЦãã㻹Ϊɱ㲻ɣ㣡㣡㣡ȥܸˡҪСӡ
һڼҶµĻһۺڿʼһݶʼܣȻҪ㱩¶ڹΧڡ
¾ȻԼҸۡͷ΢΢һҪܱҵסô๭οա
㣡Ҫ߰ɣͷ¡ϵֱ˵
΢΢ЦЦĿ⿴£ͻȻԾȥ
Ҿ֪Ըҡºһ弱ٵı˳ȥһξ룬ΪԾݶԵʣӰ¶һڼҶΧڡ
䣡Сӣ˷ܵĴ󺰣к£ȫ
µĻ£һ״ɫ͵һ䣬ٻ赲ס֧Ӱ͵˵ոյ¡
¼˻ȥ˿żҿмɱ
һܲɫأ˵С㣡𶯣
չɵĵͷУ͵һԾͻȻץסܣϷԽϡ
ССӣ¼㷭ԽܣܵһڼҶ
һڼҶ㷭ԽϣͬǻϽűֵ
ֻĶ֣£һɷܣݺݵڵϣҵ涼𶯡
䣡䣡´
ݶϵļҶһӦ˹תԱߵһûܵļҶǰһڼҶϣҶܿ˴⬡
Ҷݶһڹ˹ȥ
ǣһڼҶʧɫҪǱ㿿ǵԶ̹𲻵á
һڼҶʼƵ㣬䵽ģݶһڽӽЩҶѾΪ⬵ļҶݺݵ׳ȥһȺҶķ̺ʮһңҶҵѪݶҶһҲЩվȵĵȥµļҶ׼ȴѾ嵽ǰĵ׺ȻҲľݶݶˤֽţǸԸԺ㡣
ģ¼ݶһżҶȻһŵ̲סŭһµգһҧϣŮץˡ
һڼҶȻв㣬ǴʱҲûбİ취ֻܿ첽գҪס
㵱ǰ費ɣ
Щ˾ȻҴյ⣬һݶ£첽յķȥʮƷٶȺε֮죬Щܱġһȭһȭ˹ȥһȺյļҶĺ俪һѰµץסյһȺҶġĿӵĿ£ºߵĹҲ
ݣ̲סŭһҪڸۡݴңͲ֪˶ٱˡ²ɺڵԺ޽ôཨʲôֻҪտʮʮףֲͬСӲ
СӰΧҾͲܵסôˡȻŭûɱ㣬ĵȴҲû̫ģҴңǾֻ·һֻСӵ֣ҪʧһЩҶǡնɱ㣬¾;òôҪġ
һϣСӸɱˣŭȵ
ȵȣЩҶ׼ΧȥʱȴܼһסүʮƷʵãҵļҶҪ롣
ʲôʮƷʵµɴ۾Ŷܼңǲ֮ɫ
ܼҿЦŵͷҶҵҶʮƷҲֻǲһߡǱһкѪ
ºһڼҶ̲סһǿֵزȥսⲻ
ͬѵĿ㣬˫˵ע㣺㣡˵ĵʮƷˣ
ЦŵͷС㣡Ǹ
˵꣬µķȥ
֪ʮƷͺһأʮƷСҲ׺үѣֵܵġ¸Ͻ˺󣬶һڼҶס
һڼҶʮƷǰǰȻûһ˸ǰȥġ
ҿܵ𣿡ЦĿ£Ǵһ˿ӡ
¼ƽתͿҪߡ
ԷܣͬƷʮƷĲεȾ޴ٶĶ֣ܿ͵µǰǰƵо
Ҳϻһȭº˹ȥºȻʧɫϽڵϴһյı˹ȥ
סס¾ִ󺰵
ܼҵȻ㣬Ҳ֪±ʰˣǶûкӹһȻ㣬ǸϽǰס׷
ΪҶ𣿡ӵĿһˣеȭͷֱ׹һȭХܼĺһȭһȭ֮߷ݣ׷ɳȥ
ûп׷ɳȥĶܼһۣӿȭͷɨЩҶı俪
û뵽ȻԵˣһڼҶȻһӶˡŲƽ㣬һҧʮֱҪ

һһȭ˹ȥһȭ£±˳ȥӿһѪҺĵ׾޷ֲ˹ǣȴ֪ûгȫ
ֲ֣ҾΪС۶֡㿴£ŵ˵
˵꣬ƾץ˹ȥ
ס֣ңץȥʱһ䱬ŭܸоһֱֱĺȻǣŽߵ£һҧ͵ץ£㿴ҸҲң


74 α֮
㣡ÿһȭͷֱ󱳣󺰵ҪǱУ㲻Ҳˡ
˵ɴ۾ǣȻĲܣץȥɫĲ԰׼֣Ȼܷϵ£϶Ҳˡ
µɴ۾ץ㣬ĿǾ֮ɫ漴оһǿһѰץסȴֱ۱۶ϵʱȴ˱תһĵǰ
ˣǰ£ϽջסǰĿĿ㣬û뵽Ȼٶȿ쵽˵زô̵ʱץסơ
ףң¼ĵ״ϲҪȴѹơ
һƬǽңɫޱȣĶ㣬˭Ҳ벻˭ҵҡչصҲƳء
ĺôĵӣĶ㣬ϾȻһѹϣоЩܡͷ󺧣һ߸ѹֻҶżоһ˿㿴󺧵֮
һ仰ͬһ漴ϲףﵽ֮ˣ
ɨһûлش𣬶ǰĿϣ˵¶ſһȫʬ
Ц㵱ɵ𣿡ЦյͷʶȤĸϽߵߣԸаȫĶȻЦҪȻҾͶµֱۣ
ңŭԲ۾ŭ㣬С򻹴ûбв
ҲԾ֪ٲҹͶһֱֻۣЦĿ
еԣвˣͲССļҶĸҶ³֡
ӵĿΪԼҶֲɡʲôҲ˵Ϊƣһƺݺݵµֱϡһ֮£һĹ֮𣬰µĲҽУ˶ɴ۾ע㣬ɴŲšû뵽ĺ˹ү棬ַϵһүֱۡ˵Ƿӣ˵η
бҸҲң㿴Ȼ
㡭˵ʲôȴŸոյľٶ˿ֶ֫
·ˣߣһһա
۾˵ҲҪأ
ܣһû˭Һ󣬻ȫˡô㶼
ǺǣȻΪʲôҪ£ҪģЦ
һҪѡĻһÿһҶһաҲԣ
㡭յӵɵԲĶžյǺ졣
յ֣ʾ԰ꡣĿֱֱĶոյѹܻɶԷ֮֮ǿճȥˡ
ģôܲǸΣŭһоʮͷۡ
һſҲԣֻҪһ˫ֱۣһ۾Σ
û˴ǰĿģµֱۺ۾ضҪϵ
ûըˣСӾȻֽ̻ۣҪµһ˫ֱۺ۾»Żʲô˼
ܣҪٲſ£ǾͱҶճ֡ע㡣
С㣡ߣ̾һ˵
Ҫձֱۣ㣬żּᶨ
С㣡ߣȵҾͻ㿴˵İɣһûµģ
ҲŲҪˮ㣬ո۾ĸˡ

ˣס۾˵ʲôȴٵ𣺡ҪգҲͬⲻͬ⣡
壡˷ܴ󺰵ҵٴϲ
٣㵨ҲСҺƺƵĴ˽ҡҪҸϳСˣ
С򱻾ҵ漮أȻùҡٺһ
ңЦ㵱ʲôҲգҾͰȥЦ
ôĿǮ𣿡ٹЦʮƷʰˣ
ССʮƷҲҴԲѣЦգҾ͸˭Сˡ
˵꣬һȭٺ˹ȥ
үСģܴﵽ֮㾪ѵ
֮ɫһĿ͵Ĳת
ǣٶȻҪǿٺܶ࣬ܿ׷ϣһȭҪ޻Ρ
ټ޿ɱܣֻӭȥ̺ʮһȭĶһ𣬿ռ䱬һ׾죬֮һӰĵĵɳȥ
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壡ĶѪֵĴ󺰵ٵķȥ
٣ѾˣˣļҶɿ¶˵ҿһӸµע١
һ˿СһپȻһƾͱѪһɴ۾ޱȣʮƷ߰
ߣһα֮ѣ㻹浱Լ֮ˣǱģѹؿڵķѪ
Цα֮Σʰһ㹻ˣӵңڵֵܵġ
ŵɫʮѿҪ֮Ȼ¡ڵ״α֮ͬʰ
α֮㿴ͻȻʵ
ٿЦһո·һаҶ飬ʱΪ֮һ£Ҷ̧Ԥˡָȴˣα֮ȻȲ֮Ǳȷʵ֮
α֮ΣЩŭĿ㣬ҪңǰأҲα֮ˡֻ״壬ȫ֮ôһţ֪Ҫ˷Ѷپ
Ȼα֮Ǿͺ˵ˣ¶׵İ漴ɻ£ͻȻµֱۺݺݵȥһ֮ٴ
գҾͷϵӵ˫˫ۣÿ˶ܵϷġ
˵Ķκ˶û뵽ģһ㶵㣬Ǻ뵽ͻȻߣٵ֪α֮˾ٶⲻǼŭ
ŭ㣬
ߣ˿Էĵӣһ˫˫ʧע£㲻֪ľµ۾С


75 ɱ

԰Ĳҽ£ܵ˴źͬʱ۾ע㣬ҶǷˡԺܽˣҪӣһֻ̤֮ǰȻ»˲
ʹү̲ͬסüͷⷬٶɻ᳹׼ŭ
ү̱ڵϴ£һһҧ˵
ûתͷ˵үүǴŶС뿪ҵס󣡡
ʲô㵲ס󣿡صע㣬α֮
صͷת˵үȥ
ҪҪһ𣡡յ뷨ܼ򵥣ΪģһȻҪһߡ
֪СŮ˵ľǿȻ̣Ĳһ£СŮ˸ιȥ֮˵үСȥ
㡭
ظ˵ʲôȴϵǻбѡ԰ɣ
ؿ׶ԷһƴѪ֪˵ȥΪȡһʱܣǻûбѡ
㣡㱣أļ̾һŤͷҵļҶ뿪
ҵһڼҶͬĿһۣǿȫ׼ԼΪȡʱ䣬Ͼα֮㲻һȼġ
ܣӵĿЩˣһܵ𣿡
˵꣬ǰסصˣǾ̤ʱӰǰ΢΢ЦѵΪӱ𣿡
Ǿɱ㣬ȥǣЦдһȭĪƣɨ˹
㲻Сӣһ࣬Ͻ㵽һԣȭͷоЩۡ
Ȼܶ㿪һȭȵĿһۣ漴һڼҶҵ˵
һ˰ΧȥļҶ㲢û̫ǡϾﲮ٣ЩҶܱģʱ䡣ֻҪסǾͺв
ȻҲ֪㣬ҪҲʱѣСӲҪʱ䣬ʱԸˡ
һܡһȭͷٴκ
ȡȭͷ˹ȥֱ͵һȡıɨ
ǿɨϽͬʱһǶȣȥ
ߣǲЦһ˹ĸӵ˳ȥ
ףȵĿһۣû뵽ҶٻҪǿ֣ѹˡ
ص˿ҪͻưΧˣٺȥһҾʶ£ʲô֮
˵꣬͵ĲĽ֮
£һ
ŭһ糤磬ؿڹᴩ
һͷڵȫʩչ䵽ϣ䵽ϵͬʱ׹˸
Ҳ㣡α֮ûʲô˲ģŭһȻӭȥ

һ˶鲻Խתͷȴ㱻ԷʮǾǣ֮ͬࡣ
ôܣڵ˾ѣȻԱӵߡ
ףͬǲţոоȻ׵ϢȻǺǿȴ㲻ҪǣͼףҲ˿
ģôŭһ
ɫʮѿǴżЦ֮ϲǶ֡α֮ȴƴһѡƾľԼڿȻϱ˲٣ûһս֮
شżϲͬʱĿתϽԸһȺҶߣ
һڼҶڴʵҲϽٴιҼҶϹȥ
׷ȥȴһסĶң
ѾҴŵˣЦһ˵Ҳգɱ㣬Ҵﵽ֮ȥʰǡ
˭˵Цһһֱʩչ£춯
йոյľ飬ͬС꣬ϹĽǶȣĺ

һײ㱻ٴ˺ʮಿǲ˲١֪صδԶǿסؿڷѪӭȥ
ɱĵӣʩչΪȴܿסֻÿεסɫͲ԰һ֡
ҵҪ㵽жأʮʰ㣬̲סʩչԼǿ
ԷʩչɫҲ䣬ԭͲԷʵֻܿסԷ˿Ҫʩչεס
ĽӰ˿Ҵţ͵ŴŴܹȥӦߵĹԶˣûҪͶԷζȥ
ҪˣһЦȻӣһ磬ֱȥһҪԶԶոյƣɫͬʱòסΡӭȥ

һ޴У㱻ĵɳȥ׾ڽŲźǽڣסӰһѪҺȴ̲סӿ
ߣ͹ԹԵ°ɣ㱻ѪɫһЦ
Ҫ£Ҳø۲УЦеԭ׼סͺˣǴ˿ȴûбѡˡȻˣǾһµƷɡ
Ͳţδ֮еƷ
£һϢĽӰ֣ںϣ˾ֵĺ⣬ֻ
ӵȻܲһ̺ſֲɱϢ羪ɫһ䣬޷Ȼ˽
һּٶȴһҧ䵽ϣӭȥ
ײһͬʱĵɳȥֱ۷ʹ۾㣺Ʒ
һ˵㵹мǸ
ܣ󺰵ŵõãôгɣڵˮƽƷûµʱ䣬š
ҪҺɵӱȣ㲻ǲ𣿾ǲ֪ܲܽµˣɱ
ŭһӰ裬˹ȥ


76 
л裬һ£Ӱ壬Χ׹ХžϢ˹ȥ
磬ƿʮʹϣӭ㡣

һ屩˳ȥдż־֮ɫ²ȶжϵ
жӿϵʱȴǰ¶ŰһЦһٴϯɱʮ㣬Ų׽ĵֱ꣬ؿڡ
Ϊ֮󾪣Ͼα֮Ӧٶ˿һ˹ȥ
ҵҪŭһڵӿ׹Ǵżļµ
žɱݵϢеĸӿݣ˲ϸոջδжһӭȥ
ĽغϣӽԷӶȥԵɳȥ͵ŴһܣԾţŴȥ
һڼҶˣͷ󺧣Ŀתȴվԭزû׷һڼҶһۣΪʲôˣ
ǺܿΪʲôֻ£ɹѪҺɫ˲Ұס
һĻһڼҶɴ۾Ǿ֮ɫүǰֻŲ֮ߣҲѪ׺εȿֲոɱϢʮǾ̲סӿ亹ȻûһҶ׷ȥ
үô죿ܼҿɫʮѿ󣬿˿Ծߵķ򣬶ʵ
ߣһոȻ˲ƣ׸ǽڣȻ࣬ȥĻ϶ɺܴ˺֮żв
ߣܼҴ㵣޷ʲôСӴ֮󣬾ȻߣҵǲǶ
һǺЩʱΡЩʱʧȥĶҪңҪȮ
Ļܼ΢΢һ漴һǣ
һ۱һּҶŵ£֮ɫŨŬƽϢһŶܼ˵úչүҵ˲ҪţһеҴﵽ֮˵
ܼҵͷ˵үİɣһᰲźõģ
ҧ˵Ҵﵽ֮ҼȮ֮ʣ
˵꣬һ˦ûٿҵǽ壬Ժȥ
ܼӰʧУ漴ĿתƵһƬǽҡһжǸļҶɵģһǺ޲ѵͬʱ֮ɫΪҶ˷һѣҲǼҶɡ
ܼ˦˦ͷѸ˦ȥһڼҶԸʰо֡Ȼүʱ׼ңǾɡүﵽ֮ǸҶҵС򣬶үĶ֮֡ǾԲδܱģ

Ծҵ㣬ڴϵ˾עУƣĽֵȥҺͻƵʮƷʵ׵ԵʡҪȻԾƷʩչߵܶ⡣
ٶ˿ʱҪ׷ģ϶׶༪٣ſҪߵһ·Զۣ˼ԶľŶһķϵԺ棬Ӳŵָ

ڻķϵԺʱΧ۵ȴһҪˡҴϢǸҶڷϵү֮󣬾Ȼ뿪ˡڴѾһֻŴﵽ֮ү뿪ġ
ϢܿСըѿ۲𡣶һΧƵĻⲻ㣡
Ҵ
˶ɫصոձζѹգǵ˫ۣŭأȻش
ضҲû취ģΪʲô㷢й£ʲô£
ܲյתۿ˵ףô죿
һҽ鰲ȥûУ
ȥˣܶǹҪĻ뷢˵
ٵͷα֮ЩвֻҪ֮Щǰѡ
ٵͳôе˸ɫ˼֡
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ҡҡͷϲӮοֵĻһߵҲβܡԻÿԼ
仰ղ˫ˮۣѵɣ˰СҾǣʲôҪ𣿡
֣ŭһѵΥοСһ壡һЩܣҾҪһԲߡ
ձŭȣЩί˵촽˵ʱǡ
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仰ֹһǲǳûһСѵѵȥģʲôԼء
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ͬʱʱ䵽֮Уױ׷ɣԽ£״򿪵ķԽ
ͬӡᵽ㣬˵Ҳ뿴ڶܵõʲô


81 ׭
һ׵һƬſŵͬʱ屻׵Ǿһ̶õ˴оױĴ£࣬ͬʱеĸӾ
ͬʱϵĲ䵽ڡ
ĸоһǿҪԶԶǿ֮ǰҪɺ׻׵Ļɲһ˿˺ȫɣ
㾪ǿͬʱĵͬתͬʱһϢӿԺУһģһǣЩϢԺȫ˼ȫƿء
ЩϢȫֱӡ
ڶΪڸĽʮϸͬʱ㾪ȵǣʿ顣Ǵʱȴ߼ޡʱţһʿ
㾪ȵǣƫࡣΪĽƪҪǿʵ
㲻뵽ǰĵңǺҲԾΪڿǵ
ȡŵڶϢʱڵСһɹϢͻȻӿԺСЩϢӿ£ܸоɹʹʹʧųڸոյõϢС
׭׭׭ֹѪ׭׭
ԺУһ׭ʩչ֡ԭء֮ɫ
׭ĵ֮һ찡ĵ޷ʩչķ׭
鿴һЩ׭ֶǽʩչġһЩƷɵЯ޷Ǻεı
ĵǰʧˣûʧҲһܼġ磬ȻŻΪ񻰵ĵ֮һ
һ˽ⲻ࣬Ǵӷ⺮ĵĵȻȼģ
׭һƽϢһе֪ڶõһЩû뵽Ķ
Ĳ鿴һЩ׭׭֮࣬ȴЩ׭Ծˣȵйءȥ׭ǿ㹥÷׭ķ׭ûУ
һ˵ɣЦãȫǾΣȵȵķ׭ֻľˮƽʵȴû̫á
㷢ֵڶУűķ׭֪ʶʲôԭҪ̽ʱȴּѡ㲢֪Ϊ񲻹ǿԵʡһЩǿķ׭Ҫľﵽһβܲ鿴
һ񻺻˳ܵɲϵĽڣСܸо֮ЩʯϽ
֮Ѿһ㷲˵ĴڡǾ췣ߡ춼췣Ժˡ
㷭֪ŵ׶ڱ˵𺳶ôҲ֪ɵԶԶ֮
Ȼ֪Щ仯ȻΪԼ֮ǰԶԶʮƷߵΪ䣬ˮƽ϶ҪǿϱߺܶࡣȻҪǿĹ
Ը⣬˸ġȷʵֲҲֲҪףͬĲŵ׿ɲǳصġ
Χ۵ļ˿ֱֱվϽһ֮ߣ˵ͷϵһ߲ʡֻӵķݡοƵֵ꣬ǰδеľŵס
ﵽ֮Χĸ֪ʮУЩ˱¶Ĺ㶼ܸоĵ״̬֮һĴڡ
ûЩΧ۵ˣӰʧǵС
˿˼򵥾ʧһǾηѣ໥һۿ˶Էеľ
ҴԺϴһǰδеѹϢƵй¶ҵļҶ˫Ŵһɹ亹ðʹѾﵽƷĶܼңŹ򵹵
ܼͷȻ벻ʱǵүй¶һϢˡ
˶׼𣿡󵭵˵ȴһϡ
ү׼ˣܼұӵĹ
ȥң󵭵˵
˵ܼ꣬ҸϽͷͬʱĵ˷ܡңһҪ˳С
һ˺ƺƵǰңҼҶһֺ֪Լүﵽ֮ǵүңһ
С˼ˣȻ֪ﵽ֮һϽ·ҵķ֮ͬɫ
һ˸ϵҵʱ򣬷پվҵĴŴˣ
پȻûӣֱֱվǰĵײЩΪ٣٣㵹е
ǺǣѵǶѣЦ˵û뵽ô졣
ߣҪСӣǡһҪΪ㣬ʹﵽ֮Ҫôã
Һܸлٵ˵
лҾҼȮҿ㻹᲻л˵٣Ҳ֮ԼԲãҰ㣿
ս٣ûɱ٣ٵ˵
ȻˣҾ·ɣһ˵
˵꣬ȥ߹ȥͬʱҵļҶͬɫ䣬һҶһȺŹļҶ󺰵䣡
ЩҶͱ𺳣Ҷĺһͷſ־һ㣬еĹ˳ȥ
һգҪǱ߿Ȼᾪֻеһ;Ǵʱȴӣ
СҲ׳󣡡
£ȻŤתһ˼ĽǶȣ߲ȥûһܽġ·Χһųκųȥ
ǰΪ֮Ȼ֪ЩҶûʲôáﵽ֮׸ıЩĹ켣
ٻӻһھļҶ֣ͣ漴Ŀת󣬿һЩҶЩҶΪΪͣʹΣĵزͬ뿪á
󣡷ŹҵˣҺսһٵ˵
Ц˵ҪҼȮǾͼȮһһڼҶɱǣΪ¶ȡϢ
Ļ£һڼҶҾ˹ȥ


82 һ
Ϊ壬ҼҶѾ˵һֻܷҪסҼҶ£ҼҶǰֺ
󿴵һĻһǴżӰ͵ǰԽȥһӰӣ͵ץֻץ£ץסץס͵һ˦ԶԶոյٶȣҼҶЩҼҶ㣬ǾֵУᴩɢһѪҺ
֣ЩҶͬһ㣬̶ʱͱնɱԭùļҶһɾ׵
ߣЩҶʹùһһ˺ɱһ
ûҼҶȻ£ʼҼҶɱ¾֮쳹ң
Ȼ˵زֺҼҶע
ٵ˿⣬żӵע˵һһŰġ
ܵˣȭͷͺ˹ȥһȭ˿ΪֲżķХֱĺ
ܣվԶٵȭͷҪ䵽ʱ򣬲ֱ˹ȥ

׾ٵľ͵ס٣һ춯ٱĵɳȥ²ȳһӡһ˿˿ѪҺӿ
ģҲôģôĶͷһĥٵ˵ĿߵһҶ˵ʰҵˣʹķʽȥ
㡭û뵽ôҼҶһİУٵɫͱøӵƫƫ޷赲һУһ֮ѹ𲻵һ˿á
һĲҽУһѪҺٸоĿġѪɫҪ֮ˣ
һҧ׼֮ǰնɱ֮ʱռͻȻһɼѹֵϢϢ£鲻Խĸоء
ѹ֣˸оʮܣ·ǿռҪƵģΪ֮Ϣ
ԭɱ¾еȺˣϢĸо£ֹס˶һֵĿܡ
ͬоѹϢܱϢˣȥ֮ϵߣ롣ԱһͶԷߵĲ಻һ㡣
֪λʦǰʧԶӭһɫżֹ
˵עУҵԱߵһתǴһӰ̤Ųӻ߳˿Ӱɴ۾㣿
ٳ׵Ĵͣû뵽˿̻û뵽һ֮ߡٿȴտҲһ㶣λ߻
Ҹ㣬Żǲţһ̤ƻǶ̶ʱͳǰ
ﵽ֮ˣټʱ״̬ɵҲ֪֮ģƾǰġٴԭأɴ۾Ŀ㣬֮ôôﵽȻüʱ䣬Σ
ܣܣͬ۾ǲţ˭Ҳ޷ţﵽΡ
㿴дżζûʲôܵġܴﵽͬܣ
ﵽ֮Ȼ󣬿ռȴ羪װը죬˶ۿ㣬˼ǵĿС
찡ôܣ
һƬžȻﵽ֮Ϣ𺳵ˡ
Ķ㣬ζ벻֮ǵ꣬Ȼ̬ǰ֮£ͣʮƷô꣬Ž̤롣СӣȻŶ̶ʱվͳ̵ˡ
һ˵ĺ⡣ﵽΣҪ
ûǣϵĶӣֳޣͻ
ЦЦûĿת˵үǸһЩ
ûûٿϲڱԭΪҪ֮ˡȴû뵽ת㣡ҾͿˡ
ļҶԽԽоˡ
ЦЦ˵϶ѣүطϣ
仰һƬȻһۿ㣺˵ʲô˵ϣΪ˭
ͬЦҶ湻ŵģոմﵽ֮ͬʱ֮ϣţ治ܴﵽġ
ŵıŭѣΪԼ˭֮ȵԼô֮ϣ˭
ûжķϻһȭƿ֮һȭֱĺҪ
һȭҶס֮ߣʯѽ֮ܣһȭͬˣѹϢ룬ҪԼĻһȭ¾Ĳ顣
Ҷɴ۾ǣûаһȭϡɾվĿע󣬵ȭͷҪ䵽ĺʱֱۡһȭ˹ȥ
ڵһȭȻ׵ĵסȭͷסͬʱɫ䣬͵ĵɳȥĵĵ֮סӰ
˵㲻϶ѡ
ѹͷѪոһо˼;֡һո֮ߣôӵôȵǸͲǺͬһȼ
ľ壬ȴһɴ۾ͬû뵽ܱƿ
죬ʿˮվû˵ʲô
ҾͲţôǿĶ㣬ȭͷٴκ˳ȥͬʱ֮֮Ĳࡣ
ҪٳԿ󣬲ŻʵġȻˣҾͳȫ㡣㵭˵
Ĺȭͷӭȥ
䡭
ȭһĵĵٴһȭ
ӣֵ˹ȥٴ
ȻܲĴһȭȭҪ񻰸ơǣôȭͷ׵סȫèϷһûһ˿в
ͬСһȭȴ˿Ӱ˶ʧվҪ֪ߡǻĻΪһںһߡ
ȫԵȵĹһηĿ㡣ٴһȭ㵭˵乻˰ɣֵˣ
Ļ˵꣬һȭ⣬㻬һĽǶȣĺȭϡ
͡
һȭ֮£ѪڵϣΪ֮¡һҶɴ۾עŲһ
찡֮˵Ĳһ
˴žע㣬еһ̶ƿء


83 ǰ׳
ԼԲãҰ㣿㿴Ȼ˵
仰ٴһѪҺ³ո˵ľ仰û뵽仰ô˶˵ˣʮӶʮҲ̫˰ɡ
¶˿⡣תͷ˵үողҪɱ𣿼ȻˣǾһʣɡ
ĻҵļҶ֡ԭѹƵҼҶʼķû壬ǵʿ磬ռȡƵǣҼҶܱġ
С֣⣡ҵһҽУӶŤһӡӡͬʱܵӿȥ
ֱϣһӫ֣ϢʱҲ͵üͷ֪ʹʲô취ʵġ
ܾŵ׺㣬ԼʵģȻԷƲȴû
һԵټһĻȴɫ䡣һϤˡʩչһУŴ֮ΪʮƷһȫǿйѾʽκһ֮ߣʩչһжǱƵûа취
ʩչһкǴԺԲܴﵽ֮޲ѵľ޲ѵľôɵ顣Ϊô궼һֱάԭ״
ҪĿ㣬һȭ֮ƿռ
㣡СģټվﲻܣѾĿ൱ֲġ
ٵɴ۾ǣȻֱۣ̽ӭ
㣡ȱܿķâٴ󺧺ʱʵһֹ潻׶༪١
ȥӭϵ֮ɫΪŨֻһͷǾɱСΪ±𣬾ٴεʮƷҲϧ
ٿȭͷȭͷĶһ𣬲ɱ۾嶯ǳ嶯ȴҪĴ۰
һը죬Ѫ֮ͬ˵עУһӰݺݵڵϣĵѡ
۾Ϊ֮͵ǣڵϵĲе㣬ʩչѾʽһ޷ող֮ļҶŨ񵽺εȵزȻһʩչʽˣ
Ҫ֪Ǿŵ״ĻͲеˡ
㿴ŵڵϹɹѪҺӿɫͬżֲ԰ףѪҺѪѣ
һа󣬵һбеĻҪֲһЩ˲ٿ룬СҪǿɣ˭ʤ˭һ
һǵѪҺŴӵǻѪҺ󣬸׼ȭԸȴתܣ˵ӣתոתǴ
ߣӵ𣿡ЦһҲ̫ˡһ˳˶ܱӵ֮ǵá
׼׷ȥʱȴٺ㣡ȥɣ֮ʲôˣеʱʰ
ô˵Ҳûм׷ңѾвˡ
һžӵǸо㱲ѡһߣ׵ıϵˣ
˵ľηӶӻֶҼҶ˵ҵ˶˰ɡˣܷܲŹ
ǣ
һڼҶ͵ҵˣˣЩҶͺ˵γЧĵֵһҼҶϵ

СҵĽܿС򴫱顣һͷ𺳲ѣ˭Ҳû뵽漣ת䡣ҵǸŴ漣ļҶһظǲ˼Ĳ֮ҿֲĸһܱ֮ġ
۷зʱҵһڴС
ٿɫżֲ԰׵㣬Щĵʵ㣡û°ɣ
תϢһؿڵѪȻżܣҡҡͷ
ٿͦվ㣬ĵɲƽͬһѹʵ׾ٵľͽҵ֮֡ٲңһҶ
лˣٶ˵
ЦЦүﻰҼҶЩǱֶѡ
ҡҡͷЦ֮ļҶҿɲã
ЦЦٵЦҲ⣬תͷ˵үӦóүӣһҸˡСǾֻһҶˡ
ҡҡͷЩ鲻Ҳ˾ܶ˵ġǺǣЩɰţﵽ֮Сݲˡ㣬ûҪȥ
Ȼȥ磬οնˡȻԸСһֱԼλոݣȻҪСˡܸϴ֡
ǺǣҾ֪ССݲ㡣ȻˣȥɡպضȥˣԺ󻹵չˡ˵
үʵ
׳ǣ˵
׳ǣһ㶣뵽Ҷ˼ûǴĻҶ˼Ҳں׳ǡǵڲǰҶ˼˵Ŀķʽǰû뵽ôҪȥˡ
֪˿죬㵱ͲˡĿķʽβĿķʽ
ôˣټ㷢㶣ʵ
ҡҡͷԺеųȥ˵ȻˣҾǰ׳ǰɡֻǲ֪үС㡣
ں׳ֱӹȥˣ֮ʵҾͲʲôƾ֤ˣʵ֤ͨȻȥѧԺպҲԡ˵
ѧԺ㵡
㲻֪𣿺׳Χŵ۹ѧԺأնСˡ˵ͻȻ뵽һʲôѵ㵱ں׳ͬŲСǱСһЩֵͬѧԺ
΢΢üͷû뵽Ҳڡڵ֮ǲ̫ġ
ү֪ˣ˵үҺʱã
Լɣ̲ʱʹܼҪǣҪԼٵǴ󷽡
ȻһЦǲҪң뵽ٿܻᷭ㻹Ǵͷ
Ǿɡ˵
ƣüʵ
£ͻˡЦЦЩû˵ֻҪмͻȬˡ
Լɡ˵
ͷҲһ˿뿴Ĵεġ



84 
ڶһ磬˷ܼܵܵҪǣܼҶһáǿŰ׻оڵѪ
׻Ȼˬһ˫ö٣;ģѵܱʮɣ
ܼңǸһ£ܻܲƱʲô֮ࣿĿŹܼ˵
Ʊܼɻüͷ漴Ӧ˵˵Ǯׯͨɡ˼гȥүͨǶûС
㿴һѰ׻ڵѪ찡̫ĥˡһϻôô󷽣ԭƵ㣬ô޳ܡԼޣ̫۸ˣ
㣡㿴Ҫ٣Һүܼҿ㣬Сʵ
㿴˹ܼһۣߵһǰ嶧УͷҲصľ뿪
ܼҼֻȡ嶧ͬ㵡ү㵽ò˶٣Ҳôٰɣ
ܼȻ֪ʲôҪȻȻ㡣ʱȻ᲻Щ뵽һð취Ǿǵ˺׳֮ٵոҪ
ɾԼһңٽԼһСûУү֧
뷴ٲں׳ǣҲ²𴩡
Ҫ뵽һɵʨӴ󿪿ڣʲô˵Ͼͻһͨһ㵱שͷĲɣ
뿪ŶȥʱСѾǶˣκһžηעӣȻϵƻûȫãٶȴ˿ߵСΨһһ·
ȥС·ֻ·ҪվϿȡڴﵽ֮˵ʲô׵ľʹⵥһ۶˵ľϿȳȥ뵽մȥӦûᵨľɣǸСŮ˿ӲСȴĺܡ
һ·㵹ߵʮɣżоһµõĸֵ׭żʩչƺõʮ֮졣棬뽫첻ȥˣһҲԻĺܺãӵЩѾϰͰˮҽʦˡ
СһЩЩС㡣·ʱǰͻȻһ˳ȥǰһӣȴȺΧס
Ϊ׵ӾĿűȺеյĽģͳһȺ˰һΧġ
໡
Ұ޶е໽Уһֻһ˹ȥӵʵͣ˹ȥһ࣬˸ȥӵıһѪױһҽС
һ֣Щ׵Ӻȵűӳ˹ȥ
Ӷһۣͬ˹ȥܿ죬˺ͱսһ
ս뱪ЩҪЩӣҪ˲в١뵽⣬ӵȡһЩʯͷĿ⿴롣
һҶһڱϣڰγʱȴһֻ͵ֵľֵ˫ֻۣĿűӷצ
ȴʱԭ˹ıͻȻڵϣҵİУȻվѡ
Ҷʲôԭ򣬵Ӧȴ˿һ˹ȥѱӸ̴һѸոձ亹ĵǺˣⱪצˡ
ҶͬǣÿΣյʱ򣬹ıĪĲҰ£һֻֻӱ
Ϊ׵ͬȲѣ͵ϮıӾȻ˵ϣһ̴Ҳ룬ֻһ̳ЩӸնɱ
ԶеʯͷѾ꣬ųֻӣҲûٳ֡ӣԱЩʰˡ
ȻܿЩ˾ͰЩӸʰɾ
һ·Ϊ׵ջһڼҶ
Щʰ·ʱʱҲǰΪӿ߹㣬΢΢üͷ˭ڸոսȺһİˣⲻϲĸо˵Ⱥͺйϵ˵
һ£׳ôߣЦſΪʵ
ΪӴһ㣬ɫżֲ԰׵㣬ܿƱȺˣżĵӣ˵һֱ
ллл󣬾ȥ
ΪӵͷȻͬ·ǲû˼
壡𣿡һܺڣһתΪöɨͷƵġ
ΪӸϽһ񣺡С㣡͸·
˵꣬˴·
ƺƵˣܿͺ㲢һ
Ŷеά˺ܾãǲԶҲ㣬üͷƺЩᣬǿЩҲЩЩҲЩ
ȻҲԵ㡣Ͼǰ׳ǵ·Ҳ˵Էˡ
ڸ·ʱ󣬺Ը׼ʳԤϵҲǸҲһЩݣ֪ץӣ濾
ں尵Բϲʱ򣬶ȴһ壡˭
ںߣгһһӺɫ۵ģ֮µؽ磬͸ջһͷǧ˿ɢ£ֱϸ֮䣬͸ϢɴϣǴˮһգĻꡣ
С㣡Ҳʶȥ׳ǵһꡣЦ
һ߰ɣҪ˻Ϊ۸һˣ̵˵
ǣС㣡ͷһҶӻ֣ȥ㡣
壡ֶܼãʵ
ȥ׳ǵĻһؿ϶ǹˣپòˡϧҲ֮ʿҪȻ̾һүҲǵģûȥָһβɢ
˫һǸոճҽϼһﵹҽοΪ֮ʿϰȻѲֻϼһΪϲҪȻԼ˯һҹ
뵽㣬̾ŭաҪΪ֮ߣλ൱ҡ
ţ˴δһЩҩȥ˳·ؼҸ֮ȥ׳Ѱʿ˵
ͷɫȴûзɣֻﵽ֮ʿһ磬ҪһΪүҽЩѡ
Ҫһԣһģź˵ӿٶȸ·
ǣС㣡
һԵ㣬żջŮҪ֮ʿͷǡԷûȻҫԼܳȥ˵Լ˵ŲŻ˵
οոմռôãһֱڱԵߣС۵ģôҲҪǳ𼸸ʱڶԷͬУȻܾǸߣøˡ


85 ǿ
һ·ϣ㲻䲻ȡ㲻ںֻҪЩ˴·ѣǵı飬ֱѡӡ
һ˺ƺƵĸ·ʱһϿȹؿڳͻȻӿһȺ˰εİΧС
٣Ѷ˸ҹ
㿴ǰһһѴ¶鶢һ˵ǿ΢΢㶣û뵽оȻǿôаְҵ
ĺ棬ȴɫ䣬ЩǿɲȸոյıȺö٣ҪײеĶࡣ
λүϼҵĹܼңλүϼҵķϣ뿪ΡТλүġ˵꣬Ƴʮටڵϡ
ҹϼҰ׼ҵģЩǣ㵱ؤɡ£¡˿ԹˡΪ׵ǿӵĿź塣
üͷƬϼҵǿûУֱֱĶЩǿȴЩǿĿ༯ڰǰȴӶ
Щ˲ǿͻȻðһ뷨뷨úͷȻȻǿǿ϶űĿģǵС㣿
ѹ˵С㣡Щǳġ
ߣҽϼһȻʩչֶΣ壬ܻЩǿ𣿡ʵ
Ҫʧء˵
Ǿں˵仰ʱȴǰǿһžֵ񣬶ͷ亹ֱֱðƺѹƵġ
֮
һȺǿĺĿⶢźһ˵ķɫһƬҰסѹֵĸоȻǵҽҪǿϼ֣ǺȻ
ɣ
һ·Ӷ£ڿռըһǿɫٴα˱䣬һ񣬸Ͻת뿪һ̶
ͬɥ֮ȮӴܵǿһڼҶĿܴһոʴǻоԺ㱲ѡ
е̣ʱҲһŹ˵лǰ֪ǰɷ̵л
̵մ˿ȴٴλָĳ˿ûһ˿״
һԵ㣬ȴż˿Цע̣ŮȻɴסȴ͹£ջ󣬿ųΪˮʸֻϱӰɱ̫ˣ˭֪ŮǲǾĺãǳֳ
ζû˻ش󣬲̾һ֮תٴλصֻڻʱ̵ĿɨϣĿⶨã֮ƺͨһЩʲôҡҡͷ̾һٴλȥ
壡߰ɣ
ŷӦϽԸһ˼ǰ
ĸ··һȥȻⲻ˱ָʾȥ飬ƥϵʱͻȻǰű׾ַϵ԰ɣЩ齻ȥɡ
Ǻǣ޷ϰһҲͦãĲֺ
̶߾һҶӻ֣ϵã
ǼҶϽнӹ̶̼¾Ͱϵõϵã㵲ѣѵҶѾ˲Ҿ徵ĵزܰô˱
ûֵ˼ֻתˣɢջϢĽЦСк£
ˣʵ
СҵһСҶЦŻشĵ׵ŮˣȻһ˿ˡ
ҼҶ̴㵣û뵽Ȳͬڳ˵㣬һɽƧСҶ
԰˴ȥүǰ׳ǡ¶İ¶õЦݡ
Ŷ˲ɥʧ˺㽻̸ȤһСطļҶѣ֮ǿߣԼˡ
æɣ̴żʧ뿪ߡ
㿴ջı˷ıӰεʼ磺СطҶͲ̲֮ܳʣȻ˵
ֻ׼оôװʱüͷȴ΢΢Ŀתһӳ֡ӳ־ͿԵ̣Ŀ¶̰ࡣ
ǵĿҲԣ̶ֱȥ
ǸʲôģЩ̶ֱɫһϽǰ
Ϊ׵ӿҲһۣһȭֱ塣һȭɫ䣬ֵ˹ȥ

屻ĵ֮Զһ˿ѪҺʮƷߣ
Ǿ֣һȭΪƷѪߣȻﵽʮƷĲΡ
㵹мÿΪ˵
̼ЩһŭȵҽʩչЩСС𣿡
һ㶣żֻңϾͺܺõιȥ֪˵ʲôү㳤ƯץȥѹկˣӦúܸлҡ
Ա߲զ࣬Լǲ޳ܣǿŮ˸еֱұ֮˵Ŀģ
ͲҸɱ𣿡ŭˡ
Ϊ׵˿ûб̵ĻţΪԲļҪȻ߳ҽסɣ㸸׻Σû֤κβӡ
֪˵ʲôҪǺߣҾͷŹЩҶˡҪߣٺ٣ɱ㡣Ϊ׵Ŀ̡
㡭ǰظһһģŮ˻᲻·ơ
ʲô㣡ԼѡɡΪӴעǰѩе̰˿
˵ɻУĿͻȻת㣬˵ѵ㻹Ը𣿡
㾪һŹֵĿŮˣôġ
ֻ̿ʼվȥЦΪԼܴҾͲˡ
ñĪĻȴ̴ԭأԭǱԵ뷨ȴû뵽˿վѵλǿߣ
СһȥΪӼ㵲ǰŭȺȵ
ŭŭĵΪӣĺȵŮǰСģԺô椰
ըˣ쵰ȫǺȥ
ΪӸ׼һȭʮֲˬļһȴһѹϢѹϡϢǴǰСɢġ
֮
Ϊӵۿ㣬۾ɵԲ
ȫûεϢͬСӣû뵽ɵĶ󣬾ȻҪҵ֮ǿߡ
˵СҶ𣿻쵰Ȼƭҡĵŭһ
ͬ𺳻кˣһ·϶Ĳ䲻ȣ£̲ס亹ֱðָʾ֮ȵµ飬⡭
оԼЩѣĿⶢ˴͡


86 Ҳһҹ
ΪֱֱĿ㣬ò˭ôҲ֮ϵѹȴɲáֲѹֵ亹ֱð
˵ǲأأ۾ˡ˸ش𣬵ȴѡ
ʦǹϣ֪ʦڴˡߣߡ˹ĶתҪȥ
ôȥǲǲܽǵСгҵΰ۾ˣǴżЦ⣬㿪ʼǵãһԼСˣǳɲ׼Ź⼸ˡ
˶һۣͻȻڵϣʹͷʦдͷŹС˼ɡ
ſ׼˵ʲôʱһԵȴſھСģ
˾Ȼڿͷ˲䣬ͻȻȭͬʱҪ
һӣֱ͵˦˵Ĺ£Ӱɳȥݺݵڵϣƺߣ
㿴ڵڵϵˣдӵעӶԷʵ͸Ҷ͵ϮӵǲС
¶֣һǣһҧȡݺݵ˹
⺮
Цһָ㶯֮⺮۶ϣ޴ĳٴη˳ȥĨһİ˪ӿѪҺҲŶơ
ʿ죬дż𺳡ոյһߣһôͱɵʿ
̵ɻûеõش⺮ûսˡﵽ֮Ѿ㹻ʩչ⺮ˣԶԶǿ֮ǰԸʩչ⺮ЩСˡں˵עУߵΪӵߣŽźݺݵľͲȥһһţֹϣѾ˵СѾ˵С
ÿֹͲһţһĻĺ˵ľ֮Ĵʦ̫ϲǳˣǽһСѣõ߶ô
ڲһŽΪӵĨĨȻ¶׵СʲôûƵģʼνĿź˵ɽȥιǰɡ
һ̾ʱֲòָʾǰȥ˶ɽС
Ȼ˶ɽ֣˵㻹涪Ҳſ˵һѣ
ûѪʵҸҲ𣿿Ƕ˺˵ſһ˵ô۸˵ģ
Ȼ˲ұ¶ʮƷ߶ױʰЩ˻ⱻ
󡭡ʦһ˳Ĭʱվ̳
ɣһôʦôĳƺЦ
ȻһЦȻݣ˫һо֡
֪󡭡߻ʿ̴żע㡣
Զһ˵
һԶһʲô˼ѵ˵㶼ǲɣոֵֿܡҲʮ£ߺʿﵽ֮ǲǿЦ
ͬû뵽ش㶺ʵǲ֪Ӷûо
۾ǰöĻŮˣܲܽɣ
̼˵Ҳûв˼ͷżʵûа취أ
Զһ˵ĵ׭棬ĵ
Զһһ˸о㣬ôʲôԶһ
֪ܲΪҵҽأ̶ʵ
ûȤҲ;ܾ
ͬû뵽ܾôˬ죬ԭΪȻְӦҲܾǣʵôпᡣ
ӡ
ִ˵㸸ѵСû̵㣬Ҫ𣿡
ҪʲôһԷҪĻ
ո˵ҹһλʿҪʲô㿴˵
ɫ৵һ¾ͱͨ죬ѯעվҵ˵Ҫһҹ
̲סһһ⣬ŮȻסȴ̰Ϳˡ
Ǻܼ򵥣һҹټһҾ;ܵܣ۾̡ԼҶôеݣۿ϶ڶԷҪǿһ㣬ȻԷһҹ϶üӵӲѹ
㡭û뵽꣬ȻҲҪ
ҪҪˣ۾̣Ů£ظһһģ۾ܸоеӿȺ͵ֻǲ֪ȥ·ǲǻᱻơ
ˣǾͲͷˣԭźøе̣ʱ꼫Ϊġ
̵̬ҲںЦǱټˣ
˵꣬ǣһҶϵԽϲһ仰Ҿôȡһƥְɣ
Ų뿪㣬ҧţ¶ɫ˼ˣҪܴùĻȻǧС
뿪̾һͷֹѵЩ߹ʿĺɫɣ
С㣡ȻسǣȻȥ׳ǰɡһ֮ʿٴδεĿ˵
ţֻˣߣҪһƥеסȻնɱˡ̵۾Ҫ󣬾ͺ޵ֱҧԭԼһֱʹʮҵͣȻ˺ɫ
ӿٶȣϻسǳأ̶һڼҶ
һڼҶͷϽȥһ·ǸƲļҶȻˣҲ겻ѡ
·ϲܵ㣬ֽקһŷеѡҪ֮ʵͱƥ˦ȥˡ
ıУһЩļɣǿܴﵽˮ׼㲻̾һ磬ҪѧĶ湻ġ
ԼҪ̲סЦȻûۿ뵽ǸŮܻɫ
ǰо仰ô˵ţȻ㰮ңǾҰɡٺ١һ£оǲġֹһǰĳǳءšϳǡʣ̸ڵĳǳذɡ
Ҵ˲·ķϣҾȥݷһ㸸ף˳ܵܽЩЦЦųŵķȥ
ڼʿǰʱ͵һƥ˴Ծ£˳ǳشţ¹ڳ⣬ӰѾ
ǳƥʿ׷ȥǼƥϵӡϴͷ


87 Ϲ
ͨǳǳУֱ
ʿһĵСӡȻǳѵΪǸ˾ܼ
ǳˣʿǰӸµĿ㣬Ҫߡ
ʿ˱֣ҡҡͷ֮ѹѹʿϣûʸǳأ
ֲѹѹʿϣһɹɺˮӿĺ˲䱻ʪż𺳵ע㣬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮ߡ
ʦȴСȥʿϽһ񣬿첽֪ۡܿѹļеҪȥ֪ͨ
֮ͷܺãԭΪҪϲ͡ȴδ뵽һûһʮ꣬żϢӾͳǰ
Ǻǣʦ֪ܷջơϳǳϳ㹰˵ֻͣɸоЩ𺳣Ҫü٣ϳ϶ҲΪ֮
ϳˣǰУջƣһ̱ڵϵʿϳǳЦ˵
ϳŲԴȵ㣬ⲻ֪Ǹӵܣٲſ
Ӳ֪кңϳɻ
ҺǧǺѣ˴ǧ֮СΪѺҧأ̴ʱӦǰ˰ɡ
а취ﲩϳż־ϲ㣬ϳʵȻͣǶȴ˿û취
һԣЦ
ϳ´һ㣬ȻЩɣԸԡ
ˣӣ֪ŮںδȻģôûһϳʵ
С㵣ܵܲ飬ԴߴҾһ·񱼶ұһЩҲ쵽ˡЦˣСƥҶڳſڣϳȥȡء
ϳô˵ͣһʿǸоЩ㱡
Ǿ鷳ˡ
޷
˲ǰҲ̫ϲĵƣϳֱֱĴϲĵķ䡣
ӣ֪ҪҪϢٰСϳ˵
ݣ̲סһϳα㶼ˣҪҪϢȻˣҲһϷˣðҲǾЩˣǾϢһɡ
Ļشϳ㵣޲óԼͣôʲôСҲ޳ܵģȻ˳ĻӦȥѵǿô
ϳеŶȣקµϳֻ
ʱһȥϳַĳ嶯С̫˲ˬˡѾϢϢôϻϻͷϻȻʳ۹ʵмλӣƯƯǷ⡣
ϳԼûŮʱ̲ס˵ӣ֪ϢôˣΪСҽ˰ɣ
ҵνҪǲżĻǾٵȵȰɣ˵
ϳƢѾˣ仰ô̲ס뷨ϳһŬƽϢһͷŬЦݶ˵ǾȰСҽΰɡ
ȻһЦڲˣ
ҲãվϲĵĴȥڴһʮ꣬ȫźɫһɴ̱Ϣɢ
СģСϻɢϳѵ
˰֣ϲĵֱץ˹ȥڵϲĵڣǣе
Сģϳѣ֮ҲǺΣյġοʿڿ綾صʱ򣬱Ҫࡣ
ϳȵǣЩǣıʮ֮⡣
ɿϲģϳżʵа취ҽ𣿡
ԣһϳ˵ϳ˺ɣסΪʩչ
ϳ˺ʱһҲָͨ˳㻮һĹ켣Щ켣Էֹͼո֡
ϳ˸Ĺͼ֮ɫЩϹ켣˼˵ȻԽͼԽǿԽͼԽѣ˵ģסЩ켣ͼѡοҪǣӵĳ̶Ⱥ޳ȡ
Ŷ󣬿ʩչַȻǳһѾ졣
һַ˸Źâͼһ㣺
۵ͼļ۵ϲϡϵʱϲϹâ˸һɫһڴ̱ζ
ϳϲһɹϲ֡û뵽֮󣬽һ˶סϳĿⲻת㣬ʱѾڶ
ڵڶϲϣϲԭڵɫʱʼȴһǳĻɫϳֱ˦ѷڵŴ򿪣ķ紵Ŵɢ
һһȥָõٶԽԽ졣
ʩչ󣬲׻ĵôֲȻֱϲĵĹ裬ڲκǱصɢǿЧû뵽ġ
Ȼ˽ⲻ࣬˳׵϶ٮٮߣҪǿĶࡣ
ֹ֪ǿĶࡣϳʹԭˣŵ𽥵ĺоⲻҽ漣ˡû˵ЧرӵѾˣ
ϳ͵ĿʩչһַҪõȼλĻҲеƷ壬ƷĲΡܵǣȫϹ
Ϲϳһڣо˱𺳵
κһˣܵõϹҲǾֻҪϹŴϱߵκζ˷
СѵϹҳ˲ɣϳһԽԽܣҪȻôܶôʹﵽ֮
ϲ͵ĿڿԼɹӺӿ۾˹
ģϳ˷ܵĺϲĴʱȻǴɫѾɢĲˡ
Էͣ׼ٴʩչָ뻪ĵȻ鴫ҪֻôǿʩչֻҪһˡ
ϳ㻹ǼһӻûڰɡЦ


88 ̹
ϳΪϲϸϸļһͻȻһлӡСѾ뱻ˣ
ϳÿҪǾùⲻȥһЩˡ
ϳһ˽⣬ǵ˵仰
ϳڲᱨ飬ͬνʼϻЩҲϳǳһʱֲܰЩĸϽӻḴ
ϳ΢΢üͷȻܸоĿģͬ㡣ʵǺã
Ǻǣǵǲõģһַʽз׭ҿΪ׭ÿʩչһΣӶȻȫáЦе˵
׭׭ϳ͵ĴӴͷɴ۾Ŀ㡣
ôˣŹֵĿϳôʲôõķ׭ɲ٣ֻһֶѣõôС
ϳںɫԭأ׭ʿеļ֮һǲÿһʿ׭׭Ϊϡ٣ϳ˽⵱УҲֻе۹һλλȨصŶá
׭ֺų֮ᣡ˸ܿӣǣǰȻ赭д˵׭찡Сӵʲôݣ
ϳ˦˦ͷԺе˦ȥ漴˵Ǿˡ
͵ǲͣȻ֪׭ȴһЩƷˡ۾ϳĿġȻ׭ǿûϣҲֻ̾ʱȻϲˣҪǲٶԷһôҲ˵ȥ
һ뵽Զķ׭׵磬ķ׭ǣ͸о˷ܲѣ
Ҫʲôϣϳʵ
ɰʯǧľȪˮ
ϳһûа㶪ȥֶκһֶ˵ûУ۹ⶼҵ٣ҪЩóһ㣬һʿΪˡ
ǺǣӱЦˣⶫһССĳôУ
һ㶣ɻĿϳʵⶫ𣿡
ϳĬ޷ǷĴ𰸡
˦˦ͷѾǵ׭еҵĲˡȻЩûУǾֻˡЧȻ㣬ǰϲ㹻ˡ
ƷʺЩʯľԼӵˮЩϳɣЩε˵
ʯû⣬ľˮЩѣǿŪһЩҪ٣ϳʵ
ưɣҲΪ벻ǣЦ˵
ƫȥ׼ˣϳͷȻЩۣӵҲ㲻ʲô
ȥȥɣ˵һúչ˵ġ
ϳϲ˵˼䣬뿪䣬ϲ뿪ϲٴʩչԵǿ̺ڵĵȫɲԸ˷һЩ׭ϣΪҶϿʮѰġ
ϳٶȺܿ죬ܿͰҪĶϳֻҪʧܵĻ㹻ʮö׭ˡЩ뻳У漴ϳ˵ոİӲ̽£ڵѾûˡȣЩòˡ
ϳ㵣ץϲĵϸϸ̽һȻһ˿ûСűȵʯˮȣϳЦá
ϳ׼˵ʲôʱһҶߵϳǰ˵үСˣ
仰һ㶣û뵽̻ô죬뵽ԼĵϷһ˼ҵĵ̣Ҫ̱ߵĻӦԲ
뵽⣬ϳ˵ϳһҪϻغ׳ǣȻѾˡҾˣ
㲻̣ϳ㶣㲻ǺǺ
ˣЩʱһҪٹʱٺС޷ǵĹϵҪ񡣡˵һҺСϵʮģ
ϳô˵˵ͷûٽ̵лˣ
ϳ̫ˣһЦȵϳתС㣬˵ƾǵĹϵ̫̾ˡҪԸĻҵȻܾǵüһŶ
ϳ仰ʲô˼Ϊ̹ϵܺõͷӦ˵ţһתģ
ȻһЦϳ֣첽ȥ
Ƭ֮󣬴Ž欵̳䣬ŷֻʣϳڴϵϲģ˵˲˵뵽֮ʿΪأ
ţϳɻĿ̣ӲոΪҽˣ
ģǸӣɻĿϳ
ӰϳüͷŮôˣ
㣿˵㣿̵ۿϳ˫һɵĴģдŲš
԰Ϊǲ֪㻹һǿʿѣҪ˵Ļֺαؽȥҽ϶ϳЦ˵
ԭأǰͣȴɫļһȻΪܵˣֹҪԼûдӦô
ôˣʲô𣿡ϳŮĬɻʵ
ûûʲôʹҡҡͷɴµ˺졣ҪͻȻо겢ôᡣֻ㿪ЦҲ˿
Լ޶˵ŭ޲ɱ㣬̾ͽ޶˵ɬ
һϳʵ
ˣŸ·ȥ׳ǣϳ΢΢ЦԺԵĻȥ׳ǵлл㲻Ϊĵ¡һʿùϵҲ
̿Цһ֪ں׳οȻǿЦ˵ôһ仰ԼϾŮˣ㲻Ҳȥ
ŶˣǲǴӦʲôȻ˵һӿҪɲҪҾûǸĺá˵ģùϵܲġϳͻȻ˵
ף̲ûըˣû뵽쵰׶Ҳǣ׾ȻԼ֪֪ҪŮʲô
ŬƽϢһͷԭһЩøʧһɶ쵰еĻҪɶ
ôˣϳɻĿһۣ漴̾һϧС̫Сһ㣬һԱȾһӰ㡣ҪȻ㻹Կѵ̸ܵѡ
̸оԼҪˣ쵰׶˵ʲôȻ˵ôһʲô̸ѣԼʲôϵ
ŬƽϢһԼûдףŤͷ뿪䣬ȥܱը


89 ׭֮
뿪ϳǵ㣬һ·Ŷȥ·;ͬû׭
˾ܵõ׭ҪȴѡȴͬеһжӡСòϰȫ׵ʹ
Ҳ֣׭ǿȺͲй֮⡣ƷԼкܴϵ㾭ŵ׵Ʒʮ֮ߣķ׭ͬȻΪȥж٣ǿ
µĲʲô׭ʱ򣬶ȴһϤÿһȺ˵ʲô
԰أѵü䵥ʱڲɵ㡣ԺɵˣһŵЦ
ɱңѵΪŹ𣿡԰Ц˵
ŲŹҲ֪֪һԼұضңܼͬʱҡʱǼԹ˲ϾﻹܶԸ𣿡Ц
԰һ⣬òϰĻȷʵеԼҵĶӣԼҰıʲô֣һүү͸ױضšʱ򰲼ҶȻƲϣ
ϣǵԹӸʬˣĿ԰أ԰䵥Ļɺѵãƽٻ㼸˶ӰġûٻһնɱǾɱһ԰أʱ취ʰҵˡ
ڰĻ£һ԰˹ȥ԰ؼһĻɫ䡣ʱҲƷʵЩ˵ΧǾһ
԰ŵİһݣų԰ȥ
ߣȻԸңЦһǴЦ⣬ƣһߴܳΧģȫޱȡ
԰һĻͷ΢΢һȻ׼ҵõ˼Ȩܴô߳뵽⣬԰صĸ˼֣Է϶һϵԼҵı
԰һߣǲ֮ɫ޵ʱ۵ѣЩ˵Χ£ڽںˡ
ȥɣ
԰¼ߣδüջĺ󱳾һӾԲƷøֵ԰ر۾ҧţԲ֮ɫ
Ǿ԰صϵʱȴһ졣漴һҽУҵ֮
԰תͷһ֮ϲ㣡ô
ٻӰ԰أʼЦ֪ΣգԴԶǰˡ
԰һڣȻĺСһЩЩߣ඼ﵽƷ֮ϡ
һЩ϶ѣò̫ģЦЦ԰˵أôڣ
԰ȻЩϸоΣǺܱĵ˵ٻɣ
ʼ磬ⶼԼд
Щͣһ£ȥ׳ˡ԰ػش
ԭһΪȥ׳Ҳ·ͷۣʱ㡣ǼҵͷۡǺǣ߰ɣҲȥ׳ǰɣ˵꣬ҲûпΧǵһۣ˾׼԰ߡ
ըˣͬлûôŵġⲻڶʮߣԷȻֱӣߣߣѵǰҵľİ˵ЦĲɣ
ǣ
һߺɲǸģֻҪԼңǾǵĵˡ
㣡Сģ԰ؼ
һһӡ⺮۶ˡ⼸˲䰧еɳȥڵϹɹѪҺӿ
ʿ۾㡣δ꣬͸оһѹֵϢռ䣬ϢоЩѡ
֮㣬ﵽ֮ˣ԰ؾŲ˼ע㡣һۼʱûдﵽ֮ܿʹﵽͬȵĲΡ
û뵽뿪Сûãͷٴﵽ֮軹
԰һ֪Լȫˡǣͷľȴþòƽ
ͬż־ע㡣֮ô֮ܳ
ƽϵģϾһ͵ˡȴҪҳ֣ȣ֪͵ʱҲܲţһ𣿡㿴Ű˵˵Ҹôأ
Ķ㣬漴ߵ԰أһ˿ЦҵסСӣ
ڰµʱһӰͻȻڰǰ
԰ص۾ǰˣдż־֣벻ԷΪնɱﶼɳˣ»湻Сĵġ
㣡СһЩԷǶߣ
죿һ㶣ʲô
԰Ҳ֪Ҷݣ͵ֻ֮һϵͳƺֲ֮ͬΡոմﵽ֮߱Ϊһ죬ֶ֮죬졣˼ûһ𣬾һ죬ֲԶԶƷܱģһߣȲһߡ
һȲһδֲ̫һЩɣ
һһ죡֮ߣȥֲ⣬Ҳÿνһ𣬾Խһ
԰صĽͣĿӰ㵹볢һ£ߣǲĺҲһֲ
СӵͣӦòһѡȵס԰أҹζࡣͻȻһߣҲٴ±仯˴εĿҪնɱ԰ءֻҪס֮СӣǾͳɹˡ
԰ɫһ䣬ҪǱԷססԷʮߣȫǵѡ
԰صĲѵʱȴӻȡһѴŹͼķ׭ݸ԰˵׭׵ܶһƷ֮ϵߴ˺ʹõʱֻҪжĿǡЩӦܱס㰲ȫߣֵ
׭԰ص۾еĶһ֪Ǵⶫ
ûк԰ؽ̫࣬ѷ׭԰أͷҲЩۡĲϴ붼׭ˣڶ԰ˡ룬ԺһҪΪ԰شһЩϣС
ѷ׭԰غҲٵĿת򰲿ֱֱȥ
뿪԰ߣͷϲһߺȥնɱ԰أ
԰ͷһŻȸϵǰߣһҧʹһһŷ׭УŶԷ˹ȥ԰ȫǱҽ̬ȡ
԰صɴ۾ǣ׭ȥһ׵˳ִָ׵ϣʱһζԷֱֱĵ˵ϣ岻ϳ鴤ս
԰غ˶ԭأû뵽ⶫô󡣸ոտһƷߡ׭׵׭СŪĺö


90 ܶ
׭
͵ע԰ϵһѷ׭з˾ξˣ׭ǺϡٵĶǽȴˡرǴӸոյķ׭׭ɢ׵ʮֲֿЩ׭֣ʰ԰
ϣһϣˣȻǻعɶһߺ˴βնɱ԰أеһаžͰ׷ˡ
һ߼ŭ⣬һ԰˹ȥ԰ʹ£Ҫ԰һնɱ
۶ߣ԰ͷһеķ׭ץһѣ漴ǣһȺ߶˹ȥ
䡭׵ͬʱӿһЩǶ£׵ŶԷһȺȥ
׵ӵĵ£һȺӿ԰ص׵£һĵڵϣ岻ϳ鴤ɢźŨĽζ
ʧĿһĻû뵽Է׭ĵӸǿֲҵķ׭ȻŸ߸ʰˡðǰȥԸ԰أԶԷеķ׭Щ˸ͲԷ׵繥
ģȰСӸɵáĿתͰ԰еķ׭ֻ֮ܿס
ɱСӣǰȴ֪ȴ쳣ľ裬ǶʵѹڶԷϣԷȴĿϱƣԶԶһߡ
ƲϵȥѹȵΧѹվǰȴżֱģҪҪƶʲô˺ĻҪʧˡ
Ȼˣͳһҵȭͷɡһ֪ƶɲ˺ڵӿȭͷʮɵȫȭȭѹĿռ졣һʼͲ׼֣Ҫ꣬ʲôʵ
ȭջһۼʯ쾪Ŀֲؿڷ
ŷ׭԰ص۾㣬ð亹֪ԼʤܹҹҪʤ˵ĻȻܰȫ뿪Ҫ˵Ļֻ·һɲΪܵס֮ʹЩ׭ҲС
԰ص˵עУȻܣֱŰӭȥȭ޻Σ⿴İΪ֮һϲǶߣСһߣϣ߸һȼģһȭ㹻Դˡ
˵ע£ͰȭͷĶһȭ棬ӰԵɳȥڵϲȳһӡסӰ
ⲻܣôܺͰƽ֡ɴ۾ĿųеȻ˼ֱۺͰֱͬʱȻǿ㣬Ҳǿ˶١
죡Ƕ죡԰ͬ𺳵ľֹĵ˷ܲѡСӾȻԼеһ죬Ա̬ٶȴﵽ졣Ҳ̫˰ɣǱԼԶԶ磡
ݣǼ˴ˣȻһҶ
ΪǶ԰صˣе𺳸ǲơļʶȻĳûдﵽˮ׼ֻŨƷʮ֮ߣ类һƷſԿһ춥Ȼ˿
ܲԸһ죬ǰȴš
㱻۾㣬ֻܽΪʲôŨƷ֮ߡ
ȻһЦûлش𣺾ŵֱӴ壬ɲһܱġ
㿴Űһȭٴɨ˹ȥ֮δֹʱöİ֡ԷȻǿһ֣һ㲻ϡ
ߣȻЦһӭȭʱ򣬽µĶҲ˿ɨȥ
һԾ𣬵סȭɶȭΪӭȥݣꡣ
ڿռŸʽϹԷԱ߹ۿһס˼ҵսģֵٶȣͲܱȼġ
䡭ٴһȭ˸ԵɳȥͬʱͻȻ䣬ذ׳ֽŵɳȥʱ䣬ɨ㡣
㾪Ӱ͵Ĳһߣذ״·һ飬ذ׵ıϢļоĵձܿһ㾪һ亹վڰĶ棬ɫĿŶԷ
˼աȫ¶ˡЦһγҲ׼ͶԷȥողش
ϧǱˡ̾һСӵķӦٶȻ湻ġ
ûϵҶˣһһġ裬ɱʩչһϢĽӰա
ߣһСƨѣ浱ʰ㲻ɣһذ˦£һâ֣ɢƣ֮ذϣֱֱĴ˹
СӣһµƷ뿪Ц
㵱ҾûƷ似ɱӣɱ¾Ϊ𣡡
ŭһ£Ӱһ𣬻һ缲۶ȥ

ֵƷһ𣬱Ķŷ䵽Ͼҳռ䡣Ӱͬʱɳȥð˲ŵǣֱֻ۲ȴڵϲסӰ
ܣͣôܶԵƷƿص죿ż־ע㣬֮ѾˡƷ춼ҪǿԼܶߣδ̫˼˰ɣ
ûкͶԷϻﵽ֮Ȼɱûȫꡣǰ彣ȴʹˡĽٴδ̳
ͷһϽ̳ذףȫӭֲн˵˼
Է˺һΪ𣿡
彣
Ľٴεӣ̶ֱԷȥԷ˾ٶеذ׻ĸ
Ҫ
ĵƷʹ£Ҫ
һסԷʱ򣬰ĴྡྷذĿڡ
ǴӵЦݿŵİӡһ⼲۶
⺮
䡭
һײȫʹķ⺮ĺڶԷϣԷĹɹѪҺ³һ˪üëͷϳ֡˱ڵϣº󣬲żסдŲţƷ
ܱǸһʼǺ˵ˡʵһƷʵһʼˣϧ㲻ϣ¶Сһ޺ĿŰ


91 ǰѧԺ
ǰһĻ˴͡һߣȻһʰˡֻǰûзӦ԰ͬԭأȻֽǵϡ
԰أ߰ɣ˶Է֮󣬶԰Ц˵ûмһۡ
Ŷ԰طӦĿ⿴˵Źǣ
ʼ磬԰˵Ҫɱɱǣˣֲҳˣ¡
԰ش㵣Ѿոճ˵ʱھ˵ǳˣ
԰ǲӦóʤ׷ʱ򣬶ȴĻȻҪǸ㹻ıĻҿԿǳΪҳ˵ġ
԰رӵĿһֱۣӰӡ
԰Ŀ⿴漴һ˵ɣȻ֪ʲôıȥ㰲ңǵžǣ
԰صǲɱҪԸĻеֶΡ
޺޵עһۣ֮źܲʵĴ뿪
뿪԰ŰĿת㣬һҲҪȥ׳ǣ
ʼүͶСǰ׳ǣҲֻܸˡ
԰һ㶣漴ʵպأ
ҳһ飬ˡشǲҲҪȥ׳ǣøҴ·ɡ
԰صͷͻȻĿת㣬Ŀ˵㣡˵ģҶ̫ˣԼҰɣԲ㣡
԰ػǽţ΢΢ЦЦ˵ӦúǶС˵ҪûĻν
԰ܷ˲Ź֡԰ؿЦһ˵֪ôôϲң㲻ϲ˰ɣ͹С㣬ɲС
ˣô뷨ԺԶһ㣬մȾļһҪ԰ر־ı顣
԰رĵĿһ˵ϲϲŮְ۵ģϲҲ
ְۣ԰ô׵۸оʮ԰أְۡ
㣡ȻȷʵٻҲҪԼҵĻٺ٣Ҷٻ㴴ᡣ԰غٺٵЦ
һ仰ԭⲻתٻġ۾԰ء
԰غðһ亹⻰ҪǱٻֻٻ㲻ŹﶼҪʰһ١
˵Ц˵Ц԰غȻһЦ
ոյķ׭öˣµĶң쵽԰ǰ
԰ؼʶЩ׭óȥȻһЦſںˣ
ƭ˭ó԰صķ׭ӽʮ˲ʮȻƭԼ˵ˡΪÿ˶ôƭ
԰ؼȻȻҪȡѾĶ԰ҲƤ˫һ̯˵ûˡҪ·ԼѰɣ
㵣û뵽԰ΪȻ·ΪŮģԼһŻ
ģ֪˵ˣ԰أЩͷ۵˵
԰غȻһЦ㣡㻹ûУٸһЩ£
Ҳ˵һ̫̰ĲˣѾȫļҲˣ
ģҸ߼һЩвУ԰ض˵
߼򣿡۾һ԰۾תһƵЦ⣬ﵹǻв١Ϳʲô۸ˣ
٣԰شͣԭĶõһЩѾ漣ˡȻԼ١԰һж٣
ֻҪ۸϶á۾Լ죬ֻҪ԰ܳ۸ҵѵĲϣûⶫ˵Ʒߵģ
԰´һ㣬ϲܲôķ׭԰һ˵Ȼ֪㵽Ū١Ǽ۸Ҹ̸ͺˡزͣ
԰㲻˵жҪҪװһأ㻹ûСģԼţˡ
ʼԣ
԰ؼĴӦоЩѣСǴӻʲôбŪ
֮ǰ֧ҸոոЩ׭۾԰ء
ݣ԰û뵽㻹ǵεĿЦһ˵Ҫ٣
ȡֽĲдȥݸ԰˵Щ𣿡
һЩ԰ؿһһЩϣԽԽĶҲȴŪ١
ĶҰɣƣʱٸ׭ΣһͥŪϣǾˡ
԰صͷֻ׭Ҳ鼮ܿ׭Ĳϡ
ҪЩʲôѵ˵Լ׭ɣ԰عŹֵĿһۣ漴ϾҡҡͷҲһ·֤ɳġҲԼ׭ǿһżߵļ
һȥһЩ԰˵
ţǻǸϽϻغ׳ǰɡ԰˵ôδС㣬Щˡ
ȥ׳ȥѧԺȥҡҪյĻǾȥѧԺɡ԰˵
ѧԺʵ
ţѧԺѧҲǣҪȥһ·Ҳа顣ѧԺȻ˵Ǻ׳ǷΧڣǾ׳ȴһξ롣԰ػش
ǾȥѧԺɡҼҶݣܽѧУ𣿡ȻһЦ
԰ӵĿһ۵ҶȻܡ֮ʵҪѧԺŶˣǾ̫֮ˡ֮ѾһˡһЩƫԶĳǳأǳضû֮
԰صĽͣ΢΢ЦЦûм˵ʲôδ֪֪֮ʲô
԰һ·УĵȴӦԺַʽաǸСŮ˸ôãǸСŮˡ
յʱֲҶ˼ǸŮҲں׳ǣԼָٴγǰأ
㣡㵱ǲǶٻʲôˣΪʲôһ̸㣬Ǳİ˻İˡ˵ȹٻӵҲ˰԰ͻȻʵ
仰ͷð亹ܸܲǡŮ˺ѹ·ɣ
Ǹ̫ԼᰮңԲŹɡ˵
԰رٻǸŮ˻ϲ㣿ŮȻӿǸ߰ء԰ڻ˭



92 
ǰѧԺˣ԰ΪԵʣһ·ʮְȫ˵ĸ·УĿĵأ
㶨ǰ濴ȥгֵһΰ׳۵УţУųԲΣԽ֣ľԶһֹӵݻ
ôɣΪ۹һѧԺ˲űÿ궼ѧԺȥʦʦΪ轨ֽѧԺȻ˵ѧԺ׳ǹѧԺѾһͳǳˡ԰شżԺ˵
㿴һУţ˵ͷ˵ѹֽں׳ԶĵطҪں׳ĵĻǻɳгǵĸо
׳ڵ۹ĳǳأں׳һǳأȥѧԺ⣬ΧǳءϺ׳ĵľ޴ǣʵ׳ѾȵһСˡ԰ؽ͵ҲΪ׳ǵĸӣº׳Ƿϡ۹ÿ궼Ϊ׳ͷۣ
ЦЦδ֪ĺܣȻ֪԰˵ʲôҲûж룬԰ѧԺȥ
ͬŵУǰ԰ȡ˽ѧԺƾ֤ûֶ㿴Уŵ԰˵˵֮ܽȥѵǴȥɣ
԰Щûſڵϣ֮ʵȥԴǳ˰ɡѧԺȻǺ׳ǵĶֳǣΪѧԺԣǵǿ߶ȲѧԺ࣬ȥǺûʲô
֤֮ʵȻ㡣ֻҪǼһ¶ѡ԰ؽ͵
˵ʱ԰ذƾ֤һۣϷСĿתпտҲ㣬ж˼־衣
ƴڱӿѹϣֲѹȵƷ亹ֱð˼־֮ɫǸϽ񣬴ԱȡֽţʦǼһ£Խȥˣ
ͷӹֽдϢдסʱǰȴ԰أȻдһջ
һеʱİѱֽ԰زǰȥ
һĻȴùȺ۾㣬˭֪ǼǽѧԺˣǴﵽ鼶ϵġǻҪСֵͣһоͷ𺳲ѡ
ͬģһЩҲ˵˼ÿһﵽ֮߶ǲƸ֪ʲôˣܲܰ£棿
ѧԺţԽԽһĳǳأУ̱鲼ųǳصĴ֡
Ǻǣ㲻ؾȣ˵Ǻ׳ǵһֳǣǵѧϰĵطڳǳģѧԺոոĿջλԱߵһջ߰ɣȥ԰ؼ㾪ȣŽ͡
˵ͷѧԺӰ湻Ӵ󣬾Ȼһǳء
ˣ㣬ȵȿܻܶ㣡԰ͻȻʲô˵
ңüʵ
ոǼǵű񣬺ܿᱻܶ忴ʱѧԺеĺܶӵܻ㡣׼ǡ԰˵
Ϊʲôɻ
йÿνѧԺ֮ᱻкܶ˼ϣ᳢ܻܲһ׼ǣҲһˣκһûȷִ֮ܵǺ׳ǵɫ԰ؽ͵
˵ͷνʼǲӵĻǾɡ
԰ЦЦѾ뵽ЩΡڲ㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
԰ڳǳۻĿǳĲԶλá԰ش㵽ԤĿջ˵ҺǵĻأƽѧԺͻ켣мǶģ㵽סһСڼȥѧԺȥɡ
˵ͷҲ԰ؿֱҪ԰ǳסķ䡣
ȻҪǵķ˲֪Ҫ֪˵֪Ȼᾪ岻ѡǶ⼸䣬ƽǲס˽ȥסȥֻ˶ѡǣʱȴסȥһ춯صĴš
԰ذ㰲źú󣬾뿪˿ջ԰˵ΧɱбҪúһ
԰ص뿪Ҳ⣬ڿջϢóµһϣЩٴ׭ֻȫҲѡ
ջصʱ򣬷ͻȻԭΪ԰ȥǴźһȴһİĻꡣ
㲻԰صĻ˵ӵܻδ̫һЩ
Ļ˹֣ͬ΢΢㶣ҪǼõϢȷɣΪƭĵףΪʲôҪˡԶԷͣȷʵΪͬ˵ʺϡ
󡭡ӣǻƼҵĻƴǰ׳ѧԺǰȥ͡ƴһЦ˵
Ǹ;յѧԺЩˣҪϢ㵭˵
ûϵһƼҵҪʱ䣬ʲôʱСƴЦ˵ȴʮ㣬һ൱ȴﵽ֮ȱ˵ǱƾڵͣϲˡͬƢ԰Ҳ϶ΪΪʱܰˮ֮ıڣλ¶ˣԼЩһ͵ĴʦԸ̸һ
Ȼ֪ԷʲôûȤֱԻشܱǸʲôʱʱ䡣
ܱĶԷҪҪﰡǮȵ̫ҲɫеĶջҰ
ƴﲻģòҵһ൱֮ߣô÷εǣôգ޷һȤûƴﲻģֻܸ뿪
ڻƴ뿪󣬺ܿżǰͻƴ˼һͺ൱һ˼Ȥʼʩչַʽ㡣
ƵһЩͷԴ򿪷šһǰĹ뵽С
ľܾȴЩִ˲ƣ㡣ҲЩȦ洫һ൱ܾ֮һͨ˶ϢգϢӵĺܿ졣
ҪǣЩ궼ͬһ뷨Ǿ㣬ǿѹһΪΪǶȤ
ȻΪȺӵҪΪΪķ绨ѩһʧһκ󣬾͵ڶΣš֮ʧܺҲιԽԽ·ڹСȦתļ졣
ڲ䷳վǰһŹ壬һЩ˵ܱǸλҪȥ˯ˣ벻Ҫң˵ʱûȤȥλ塣ȻҲȫû취
ʲô취һڹ˷ܵĿ㡣
ҪմӦĻȻȥ۾һȺ塣
գһЩüͷʲôϵ
ΪҵļҶ㵭˵
һ仰ǧˣ֮ȻҵļҶôǼҶ㣬ҲѾǹ壬㲻ǹ壬Ҳƽ㲢ҪҶ׼㼫ߵĵλ
ǣھȻ˵ǼȻƽ񶼲ļҶһڹ꣬˴͡


93 
գһļҶѧԺһңһΪŮӿյ۾ʹΪŮ˵ע˫Ļĳӣż֮ɫ
Ҫǣճȥ˫۾ĻꡣԼ𽥳Ľͬ˵ѹǵʦֶ롣
ô֪յ۾ǰĺѣдż־֮ɫûкԼĺ̸۹㡣
ǸҶЩ֮ɫ˵ǵģص׳ôˣȴĵѵյͻȻǸΪȭΪһίɱҵļҶǣҡ
ʶ찡û˵ѣŮӾһգѵ㶼û˵ܶѧԺ궼ȥһ֮ꡣЩ˵ĺܣǶܾˣˣ㡣
ڹӵܵСȦһŮҲżȻġʱõȷϵЩĽգĵļҶɲҡ
֮㣿͵Ĵλ͹µֳഺջ󣬡Ϣ
Ůʧ̬ɻĿһ˵ܾܶܶ˶֪
ˣˣշ·ʧ֢һɵɵЦ
գҶŮ̾һҶҲ湻ɵġȻһڹ棬ֱ˵ԼļҶ֮ʵֻҪ㣬ȺлˮˡϧԼǼЩݵĹ壬ǲԸһΪˡϧ
ŮĻսͣ޴һһĳۿֱʪһƬ
ǸΪһļҶմûйָоǸҶǧܾһпܵĻֳļҶݡ޷ǧĶ֮ݳĸ࣬Ƕ˵һôС
գôˣŮžӨ鲻ϵ䣬ȴͲգŮż־Űղᣬģ
ʹҡҡͷŬҪĨᣬȴһɹɳ
Ů֪շʲôˣ鲻ϵ䣬Ҫ˿Ȼʹɡ
ŮҲãǸҶźܴĹϵ

ڶûе԰أֱѧԺڵĵطȥȻû˽һյϢ
˽ϢʱܻõֱģѧԺȻ֪ĲֱΪˡϽȥԹɣ˭֪ʤ˳˴ڣСҪ׷ŶӶ֪Ҫĵ֮⡣ǣİɡǵȴ˵Ůˣӵеġ
ʹʱҲյǱһ˵̣Ǹо㱲ѡû뵽ǸĻӵŮˣѧԺױȵ
յٱӺŰյϢõȫ档
һֱ֪ԺַʽСŮˣõϢ΢΢ЦЦһȥ
һÿ¿ã㿴һӢżַȵ껺ʱŰŵ֦µӢӭȥ
ʣܴȥ𣿡۾Ӣꡣ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ȼ·ȥգѵСӲ֪ԼҲյ׷дȥԼ˵
ʶ˭𣿡Сҵꡣ
֪Ʒյ׷ߡͬʱҲյһſγ̴ʦ۾Ц
˽ôǻ·ɴʵȻ֪ҿɲԵƣ
룬ҡҡͷΪһˣǺܱҪģ׷գ֤۹ⲻ
˵ĵмֵҪ㣬Ҫ·ȥҪŮˡôˣЦеĴ·ǰ꣬ôȤ˻Ǻټ
ͷ룬漴ЦҴԼλ˵λϡҪ˭ôһΪ׷ʣΪо˲ˬ
˵ĺãҲΪģ۾㣬СӺܶθڡθθڣǻҪ
ʼΪѧǸαӣ
һ㶣û뵽ǰ껹ʶⲻ̫ġҪģСӡ
㣬ȥϿΣ۾תֱϡ
ҲġƽƽȥܾòӦáǾ㵱ҵɡ㿴û̫ӣ֪ʵﵽ֮ѧԺʮﵽ֮˵Ǿ޽УҲǺϡٵˡ
ûмôŵ꣬һϴȥ
΢΢ЦЦֵ˵㻹Ƕȫɡ֮˵в
Ҳ֮ɴ۾㣬ֱϴʵȻԤϡ͵֮ӡкûй֮ߣѧԺѧôһЩ
㲻ѧԺˣ۾㣬û뵽յ׷߾ȻҲСһ׷ѧԺˣ
ʼҴû˵ǣ˵С㲻ôϲ㣬ȴһֱΪѡ
Ҳϲģһһȭٴκ˹
ȻҲע⵽һĻѧԺһرڳ࣬Ǻܶѧڼ˾Ȼһѡ
رߵĶԻΪյһ֮δԴסҪǴȥյҪˡ
һЩ˸Ʋסֱֱյİ༶׼֪顣

⵲㣬۾ʵҪǿ֡𰲿ȴҪܶࡣԸûʲôѹ
Χ۵ˣĹþò㣬һ󺰵ʦּͣ
ЩѧУźܸߵȻֵÿȡʤ
ֻп˵ԷϡԷ׵Ľʮܡⲻ֪ðôСô࣬ʵȴ˿
ʱԶ˾ˡˣ
㿴žһξӰ΢΢ЦЦ˵ô͵Ϊֹɣ
˵꣬ȭͷ̺ʮȥ


94 ټС
㿰ȶʵܱġڵһȭɫ䣬ӰһȥԷܿҲ⣬û׷ϣڿռ仮һ켣һ׵ֱϡ
׵ĺ£ҽһͷֱɢŽζ
˵ֵ׵ʱѧԺеһǿͬڣʿϵģ
һ۾㣬ȻһĻǵϵʿΪְҵ
ڵϵʱĿҲһվһŵŮŮģûһ˿ʣļƣûһϾãֱı촽Լ°ͣһ񻣬ϸֱĳʮֶˡվഺľջ
㱻յĶţյ۾žǿգ۵ע㣡
С㣡ˣЦգһĵȻ
տǰΪȭͷΪһίɱҵĵ꣬ʱ֮ľ̬Բһİ˳ݵǰ
ռǵһ𱦹£һ仰˵̤߲Ƴǰ
ʱȻûнŲ߲ơǶ˵־޵̬ǰѾͽ̤߲ûʲôˡ
ԺҼĸ࣡ΪɨӬ㿴ЦЦ˵Ļ˰УӣȻȻȴеС
ϤҲ̲סеɾӨ黬ϻһĹ켣
ǰְĨȥ۽ǵˮֽӴյϣ廬ͷŨ
˿վȻΪһᣬҲӴգһ˴ԭأͬʱżɫʶǿһˣվûиǰ¶ġ
㣡Ҿ֪ҵġͻȻչһЦЦʧɫ飬ԺѧԺ
ĵͷУպȻס֣˵ȥø磬Щ춼ˡ
ֱ۵ľٶʱܵһĶ֮
ת׼뿪ʱһһ£
վתͷûжСϲɫʲô񼫵顣յĳɫ׷ҲֻܿϧǣնðֻܾΣԶ㡣
㣿ڹСȦ洫ķзļҶʵ
ң۾ûΡֻҶĻٴһƬȻҶݿǼԭΪձˣһٴοҶȻչϵһЩǼҶСȴǲܵġǻлģ
Ҳյģֱֱע㣬Ϊ׵ĻԵʣѾûиոյӢżǱ̬˼ᶨ˵仰ȴǱʹ㣬Ҳò𼸷־⡣һ֪ѶӭѶϵˣ˲Ŀġ
Գԣ۾˵ȻǰȰҽˣ˵СԸ
ֱֱĶ㣬Ȼ֪ǼҶݣܸо˵ĪвһԺеųȥ˵һģ
ʼ磺ҵ㣡
˵꣬ղߡȻȤ˵ûȥ
ıӰ۾΢΢ʹԸϣҶȷʵڲͬһֵ̱ȣĹ緶ĺһôǼҶ
벻Ҫ䵽һҶһˣЦһôҲڰϵĸ֣ȴһҶƵĽӽյĻᶼûС

㲻֪ʲôں뿪ߺͲסʵ㣡Ҷû°ɣ
û£үҲϵˣ̤֮Ц˵
ģռ֮Ͳ²⵽ֿܣǻ̲סʳ
ЦЦյͷԲһ㡣
ͣסվǰֱֱĶ㣬ɫ㣡Ҫûдﵽ֮ǲǾͻ
һ㶣漴ЦС㣡ⲻǴﵽ𣿡
ôش𣬾Ĳ²ǶԵġͻȻı㣬Ӳѡ
ˣְյӱסĻ㱧յֱ۽˽С㣬ҪǾҪҵĻġ
㣡ͻȻƿ㣬۾㣬׼˼롣ĶС㣡
΢΢ЦЦҲ硣
ռˣĨһΣͻȻ˵㣡ʶҪյôԺҪҵĸ࣡׼ΪûͲң
㵣΢΢һЦǶС㲻ˣͲˡ
㡭Ɀô˼أŤͷٴ㡣
ͻȻˣСŮƢҲ֪ǵˡСŮһķ顣
͵͵תͷһ㣬漴ֹһҲڲ顣뵽Լ˿⡣̲סеСۡ룬Ǵû뿪ˡǾһֱԸԼĸࡣ

ͻ˼һ·ߣڴضﵽ֮ͬѡҲһЩ̸㡣û֮ǰǲ̫šǣҰȻϢڷġ
ʹļ˵㣡ĺζ࿿ˣҪȻɹȥˣ϶ϲӮ
ү˵Цˣ΢΢Цֻǲ֪үʲôʱȥ׳ң׳ǣܵȥү
ȴʹҡҡͷУȱҸסҸ׿ɲһ֮Ҹࡣ
˵ĵҲο󲮺æҲԸȥ͸ǰɣȥ󲮵Ժ˵ȻԸ㱻ո׶ߣһ֮ߣҲɵࡣ
ٺ٣ôҪ𣿵ȴҵģ뵽⣬ؾЩ˷ˡ˵ݣĵλ˵

ô˵ȻȻҲԸաСŮ˻ζġ
ǰ׳ǵֲҶ˼ǸŮˣԼʲôʱȥ


95 
Ȼûǰңȴǰҵ״֪ͨȴմһ𡣶ĵձֳ˷ܡȴѧԺͿԴѧԺˡȴ֪Ѿ˱ʱ䣬οҶݣҪѧԺҲѡѧԺֻʵΪı׼ѧԺǵĹأ
ȻδܽѧԺҲ⣬ûҪѧԺ
վѧԺˣѧԺҲûϢŴڸ֪ڵĿջֻʱ뿪ոܿѧԺΪ㰲ס
Ȼ֪ʲô취˵ôƶӦа취ˣͷҲˣǰźסһԼҶ˳ůû
ռ׼صջѧԺȴϤӰǰϤӰĵ绹СټѧԺǡ
ÿ˵ǲܣѵǰ꣬дŲͷ
Ӳ濴һ־Уֱֳ㷢Ʈݶˣ쵰Ǳ׼ӣĶͷƤѩεĻ쳣۵ȥҧһڣԲ°֮ͣһ覵Բ򢣬һֱ쵽£̲ס뿴ݡ
Ůվ޶У㲻𵱳һƳ飬ͷΪ֮һȡ
ѣҪǴӦңһ飬Ҿּͻ۾ѣȻǲ׼ŹŮˡ
Ȼв鲻Խŭȵ仰ùѧԱĿߡ˼ֻ
յ棬ѸޡŮӶ͵˵ջ󡣺ܶ˶ǵ⡣ֻꪶ顣Ȼ㵽ꪶ飬ֻԴһ޵Ů˵֣ɸоˬ
ô˿Цһ˿ŬƽϢһͷ˵ѣβܴӦң
ش𶼲Ը⣬Ťͷ׼뿪ȴһѵסҪȥץѡһĻһѧԱ̲סȥʰݣѧԺһЩ˵ĹϵͬѰվû˸ȥ
ҷЩѱ֣ܿ۶ɫȻɢϢΪˣһȺѧԱЩͣǰѵˡ
ЩŭˣŮ˲ǼɫѣȻζССҲ˷ȣٴץ˹ȥ
ӵһİԵҲòĽ㡣Ҫץѵʱ򣬶ߴһζЦ⣬һӰһ߳۾
㣡㣿ŵǰӰһ󾪺ڡû뵽ɶļҶ𵱳ǸɶļҶڴϣ治òǱ뿪Сͺ޵ֱҧֻû뵽СӾȻ
ǺǣҺ𣿶ˣΰأԼ˵ˣһûңǾͽүүȻӺǶǻԸһġ˵
һ仰һƬȻһۿ㡣û뵽Ȼ˵Ļѵ֪ѧԺλǺͺЩйϵˣҪǣں׳ͬСӡ
ͬüͷоǲ̫ùˡһˣ
Ļɫ࣬ۿ˵û飬ں׳ǻġ
νʼ磬׳ǵһ̡֪ٴʱ˵ݻҲͲˡ
תͷѣŮϴż۾ѣϷôòңҲһӵ𣿡
ɫЩˣŤͷ㡣
ͷŮ̫ˡЦûȤ
߰ɣҵסҲϷˣ΢΢ЦЦ
ҪܣѱĵĿ㣬벻һ·ɫѡ㵱Ƕˮǵ飬ѵöٲɣ
Ů˷쭣Σ˺ֵ
ըˣû뵽ôġȻҧ촽ݺݵҧ쵰һڡ
ˣ˼֪ԼĶ֣Ȼ㡣Ǵ˿ȴûʱѧԺں׳ǣеǻ
ÿ·Ȼȥץѣѣһ߰ɣѵ㻹ҪСһ𲻳ɣɱġ
ι㻹Դ˵˻ʱܲܶڱ˵ôԣҺܲˬġ
ֵסһŴż־ֵŮˣ˵㻹ʲôߣ
ŷӦһҲû飬ת뿪
㣡̫֣ٴ뿪ɫʮѿλԺҪҪһˡ
ҹҺΣӵĿŶԷ˵
㡭ȴûа취
ˣ΢΢ʼ뿪תѸոߵķ뿪ûٴ
ıӰվûǰȥ㣬֪ԼҶĶ֣ҧݣСӣţ׳ǣһĲģ
Ȼֹ֪ȴˡһں׳ŲСԼӦС¡֮ʵȻں׳Իĵط̫Сˡ
ҸʲôʱһŲ΢΢
Ҹ㣿ǰɢŮջѣЩε˵С㣬ֻҪУŶѣ
ߣѺһȰġ
Ů˶ô˼ȻƯһû⡣
Ҫǲأ㿴۾һ˵Цݡ
Цݣһ񣬽ͻȻݺݵһŹȥһûû뵽Ů˻ͻȻôһţĲȵϣ۵ֱһ
ŲһűܶߵѣЦһ˵Ů˻ǿҺ۸ʱɲôݡ
ЦһáԺҲҪһåˡҪȻ̫۸ˡ
̧һ£ĵʹغ׵ˡŮ½ſôʮ


96 ׭
صջ԰ؾ͵΢΢ȳաһʵôˣ
ո·ȵ̫ˣŤŽˣſں
ȵ̫Ťˣ԰ص۾㣬֮·ȵŤŽţҪУѲ·ȫزɣ
ţĵ̫ӲˡòȣſںɲܸǱһŮ˲ȳģҪȻ԰Ц
̫Ӳ԰ؿЦãµĵزǲôû̫˺Ҳûзϡ
ڵ㣬Ϣǽ㣿԰ʵ
ȥɣЦЦһҶɵҡ
԰ƲƲ죬ҲûԼҶǰ·ȳţôܲȵزȵŤŽš
԰صĴ£ϵڵķ䡣סķ䣬Ȼݻĺܣռʮִѹֳ֮ΪǵĻˡ
ȥ㷢·Ǵݴ㾪ȵǣٻȻҲˣŮˣŮǵȻɫһֳϢ֬ӣüīˮ˵ϸ壬˾ͬǵе̺ɣ˵Ŀݣ˿˼
ɣŮĵȻʣÿһ˶Сʹǲǿ㣬ŮҲ΢΢
ּ֣ˣЦǰݺݵĴļһ£ȡ
Ҳû뵽ôܺ͸λ棡ЦЦȻŵĹλϢš
԰˵ʵﵽ֮𣬸ǰ˶ߡҺĽٺ٣治ܼңȻһЦ
㷭˷ۣĵȺÿμǶҪǽšܲе׷
˼ĵĺܣ˵
һ仰һŵٻ΢΢ƲƲǣʼնûд㡣
˼䣬԰ؽĽžȻǲȵŤʱһ۾㣬ǿֵزһԵٻ̲סһЦ˳˲ŵЦݡ峿Ļ꣬޶ִ
Ц¼˵Ļζ
ֹȻǳˣٺٵЦЦЩǲȥ͵¥Ť˽šҪȻȵŤţƺ̫ǣǿˡ
ֳһ£϶ͬĸܡ۾ҧǲȵŤŵġ
ٺ٣ȻЦҲ⣬Ƕ˵кܶ׭֪ǲģ
㿴԰һۣ֪԰˵ġ۾˵ͷһЩôҲҪ
ҪһЩ׵׭ǶԸˣΪ壬кô˵
壿һ㶣漴͵һзһû뵽뷨׭ȷʵûʲôôǶûдﵽ֮˵ȴŴáһЩߣȫܽ׭ӶʱѾƷʵˣ÷׭׵Ҳܳܵס
׵ȻȲȴ֮ЧĶ
ⲻҪģҪȫܿƷ׭ֻҪкʵĲϣķ׭ȫ֮СӦԣȻҲͨ˶˺˵ķ׭
˵ֻҪԸ⣬֮µߣȫķ׭塣ﵽһΣʹܳܵķ׭һ·׵ʵҪ̫ˣҪģֻǳ׵ʹѣ
뵽ԼָֻԼƷ׭׭оѪȵƷӦ׭ټϻָ׭Ȼܼһ߳ɳҪǣӵ׭ֻҪ˴ﵽʮƷ壬ǣ϶תĹ̼ٵı̡
ɣЩ׭ܼһǿߣ
Լһ·Ƕô̶²ʱʹﵽ֮Ҫ˵ȥûţܴԭΪ׵Եʣ
Ȼле׵Եʣ
Ǳûףһ·׵ĻȲٶȣ̫ܲԶ̫Զ
뵽⣬ͷ΢΢Ҫ׭֮ǡ
޷
֣֣ôˣ㷢̲סҡ㺰
û£ҡҡͷԺе뷨ѹסתЦҪĻṩϵĻȻܱ֤ﵽʮƷá΢΢Ц
ģϲ׵ʺĶؼ׵̫ǿû˸ҳԡ׭׵ڿɳܷΧڣǾʵ
ҲΪʲôЩϵʿλԵʣΪܲ׵Ϊ˴ʵԶԶְҵλ
Ȼ˵һֲ֮ʱһ֮΢΢Ц
ɻĿ㣬仰ʲô˼Ͼ͸˽͡
ָֻ㻮һĻȣܿһ׭ƿճգ׭ֵʱͻȻȵ֡
ĺ£ܵ͵ŷ׭۶ڷ׭۳һһ˹ȥһһٻ㼲۶ȥ
˳ٻļӿУٻʱоһˬʣ۵ľȻѱơϾԼģϾϴɢֻһСڡ

ٻ㣬ˣٻӵ𺳣Ϊʿ֪ոյķ׭ôرǿԴڵҲֻ峤˵ѣǲûۼʱȴû뵽ȻʩչһСҶʩչ˹ӷϡٵǶô֣
۾˵ܲһ֮
̲ס˷ܵһ䣬ӵǲ֮ˣԼȥᣬǲ֮ѵһȥһǲ֮׾١ףǼҩǸϡ
ȵȣǷķ׭ͻȻɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲ֮ɫע㣬㲻׭ɣ׭ģ
΢΢ЦЦͬתͷٻ㡣΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҹǣ
ݡһ˹˲Լݷȣ̲סŭһ֮ɫ
ٻ죬ŵŵЩɫ䣺ѵλʦĴвɣ



97 Գ
õĳλǿʦĴУп˷׭ʩչеʿɶǴߣʦĳƺôģ룬ٻļûһλ
ٻĿֱֱע㣬ҪʦиĻǼֵȻٻ㲢֪ԶԶ͹ˡļֵʦܱġЩҪʦ֮ͬ͡
ʦǳʮĴڣּնɱ֮Ĵڣ֮Уֻгʮ죬ﵽ߲ܱ֮⣡Щˣ
ʲôʦԼģʼ˵
һ仰ٻһ㶣漴˿һۡԼģ㵱Ǻˮһ򵥣ر˸ӵķ׭
εʼ磬Լ˵ʵǲš
ôģֻ֪ǣСܴܲ׭۾⿴㣬Щõ룬ﲻǺɫɣ
ֻҪߣһֱ죡룬ÿһöġ
˵ĺܱգЩ׭Ȼǲûĵ۵ֻҪƷģвַ֮׭ĵɳܷΧڡϾ׵ĻָЧǾˡ
ʲôһöɴ۾һĿ㡣û˵˭׭ġѵôƳŨ񲻳ɣ
ɣҲȷûԹҲҶ˵㵭˵
оЩѣˣܸࡣѵ浱Щ׭ɣô׾
ûвϣҲûá
Ļû˵꣬ͱһ˼ϵУֱ£ûֻҪߺһһ㡣
ҵȵȾȥջ͵ķ׭ԺļҪǣٻ㣬ڷ׭Ĳϣղ˲ٰɡҪҪһ·ͻȻ˵
ٻҡҡͷͨ׭ĲǶŪ׳ЩԶҷǸһЩڸ߼ĲϣҲòšʵأܶЩ˵
и߼Ĳϣ㿴ٻ㣬۾⡣
ٻû㣬ɨһ۵ϰҽʿңȻһЩûеĶոʵõҲ˷ѡ
㵹ûзٻĻٻ˵߼ĲȻ󣬵ﲻı׼ֻװ˷ѡ
뵽ԺһЩûķ׭Ϊʵ
ǵŬʵ
㣡Ҳռˣ׭Ҷ֪Ϊṩϣ㿴ŸǷ׭ʲô㣬Σ˵
ͷǾ˾ɡڴ֮ǰһң
΢΢һ㶣ż϶΢΢˵ں׳һ壬ȻȲܼҡں׳ȴҲٹ̡ǿ߲٣ʵȻ㲻ҪԸĻּնɱ㡣ҲõģһΪһЩǵǿ߶Ը㡣
΢΢üͷԼ졣һҾ׵նɱ׳ֻʲô̶Ѩر˵ƷԣѱиֶԸ뵽⣬оΣ
˼Щʱ˵ҪעѧԺһȺˣЩʮֽáˣ鲻һʵǿпǶԸ㡣
񣿣һ
ѧԺż񵥣񣬺ڰϰԼΪصİϰĶ֮вһЩǿʵʱȻҲ񣬵ĩѡԣԼСһЩ֣µ˵
Ҳأ΢΢ͷһעģ
ԱߵٻͻȻ˵񣬺ڰҲͰˡ㻹ĩϯϰȥǣϰı졣ʵȫѣȻϰ㻹ӣǣһӶӲ˵ġǾǰ񣬰ԴɱΪеÿԱǿ˵ĴɱǲﵽĿĲݵ֡û֪ĳԱ˭͸ð˼вԡһﰵϰԱӳǧ֮ɱɱɹԱ٣ȷȴѧԺΪɵһ񵥡
һû뵽⼸˵Ŀֲһڣһ˵仰ٴΰͷŤ⣬ٴӵٻ㣬΢΢ЦЦ˵һҶλǡ
ƲƲ죬ĵҶǱǻ衣
֣ȥ⣬һûȤ۾˵
ʲôɻĿ
ʱѧԺһԳ֮ʡѧԺԳȥɱ⣬ҪѧԺǰʦµĸƷҩѧԺһ仰Գ׷ɱ𾪻ţת˵ͽһǰõĶһЦſɿϢοԳſռ䱦
ռ䱦ɴ۾ѧʶǳҲ֪ռ䱦ⶫ֣֮ͷˡռ䱦
ٺ٣ǲȤƻ
ˣǷӦȤΣѲܵõԿռ䱦񵥵ǿˡҲѧԺѧԱȥҲѡ
˵Ȼа취ȥ㲻õġڼ񵥵ÿһȨ޽ȥġ˴ԳԳмѧԱţЩ߼ѧԱҲ̫ΥѧԺĹ涨ȥԣеȻ֮ʵǲһԡ
仰˵ͷʵа취ҽȥ
·Ц̫СܹӵӰˡȻ񵥣˵ĻԱ񵥵Ҫﻹáȥ£
һٶݣѧԺ˼ӣĸں׳žĵλɡ
˵ɣǺҽȥʲôıɲΪЩ˴ϢֻΪԼ
ٺ٣㵽ʱ֪ˡȻЦ
ﲻ˵ֻܷѯʡռ䱦ջǰԳһˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡
죡ְһЩ׭ˡڲϣ·ȵȻΪ˵
ţǾŰɣ



98 ͬ
ʱڣȥյ⡣ڿջ׭ȴԳĿ
ռ䱦˵ǼΪջģӵпռ䱦ǴϿԴܶණǳлǱķ涼кô
ռڿջ˻һĵȻȵȴûйʡһֱ׭ͬ治ѣ֮ܶ㡣
ֻհķ׭￴۲ѡƫƫճ谮㣬öٶ˵һ仰
˵ʱת۾͹ȥһҲʼ׼ǰԳ
ջ֪ԼʵԵʣûвǰ㾪ȵǣٻȻҲμӡźɫԷٻ㣬߶͹ԳĽģͻزĸʣ޳ǻɢûеջŮĽĲƵչ¶ĵżìܳΪˡ
ȥɱ޻ȥջ˵ģŬס񣬶ٻ΢΢ЦŮȷʵ˳ԡ
ٻ㵭תͷһۣ֮ٴ㡣ŤԸеС̤ȥ
ٻˣʼ翴ͬٻˣܼޣҪСѧԺЩѧԺٻˡ
ʼ磬ٻлع漴΢΢Ц߰ɣȥԳɣ
ڻѲʱ䣬ڸϵ˳ǳرԵԳ˵һ˽ȥ¡׾ٵľͱ˽ȥ
ԳһСɭ֣СɭӵеܶȴҪԶԶ߹ɽҰ֡ΪѧԺÿ궼Ჶ׽ܶԳ
󣬷ѾŲѧԱȴˡ
ٻĵʱ˺ܶˡرĿע⵽Ը˵ٻʱһЩ̲ס˵ʱٻջ
ܹӣԸˣһ̰עٻһˬʵͻȻЦ˳ȥֻһվһ൱ꡣ
ͬ㶼Ȼ㣡ﵭɨһۣдŲм
˼ͬһͿʼԣһͷŤһ飬λǿɲҲС
·ûǸͣͬĸ׺︸׶ĺײУͬĺײСͬﶼȦͷǶǣܹ㡣һΪԳһŰϣ
˵ͷ׹ΪʲôҪˡ
·˿ͬߵļˣһڵӦҲ֮ǰòСġ˭ܣ飡
ͷ漴ʵܷ˶֮𣿡
·ɨһܲٵѧԱ漴ҡҡͷʱûܴ֡ﵽ֮ѧԱۼصǲͬδ֪
·ĻоЩͷ֮ۡԽ࣬ȡռ䱦Խѡ
ҲϻǾԶ٣ǿһȸΣͬ۾
ɨͬһۣͬ߶İˣӦ֮ͬɣ˾
ãˬ죡ͬĴЦǾˡ
ͬǴżӣһ˶춥ǰѹһˣ뵽ʱʤ̲סһ˷ܡ
Ȼĵʮ㣬װ˶׭ʵ׵ʤԷˣ
˼ĶԼܿѧԺ˾͸ЩѧԱƥ͹
ʾùʱȴҡҡͷûǰá
㲻ǲɣһɲһ顣
ȻԸϣſڳСһò̫˳֡
һ仰ʱͬЦˣ䣬ܰɣ
ͬҲ뵽֮ǿģôҲ֮ڸԷ䣬̲סһˡߣһ֣ԳǼҪһѵ㻹ܺⲫɣ
Ҳоͷۣʶϰ漣ΪձĶ϶Ҳ͡ȴû뵽Ȼ˿ᡣԭ˲˴롣
·԰ͬоͷۣ㲻ѾھԵ·ˡ
ģ֪Ҫˣô᷸Ĵ󡣡˵һ䡣
ͬĴߴ٣ֻȥ˼ߣ
˵꣬ٻ˲۶ٻϼۣŽŮ֮ʣ
ͬһһҸһȥ
;УŲٵҰ޴СȻ˶ЩҰ޲ȤЩҰѰΪǿޡ
Գ޲ò˵࣬ܿ˾˵һֻޡĵƬ̾ͼȥ˲ǹҳڼƿصʮ죬ĵֻϣֻޱһҽУͬʱǼ漴·ȥϻһֻµޣȻˮУ׾ٵıնɱ
ֿݷʽ㶼㵲ѡ
ʰʬ԰أ˵ɱޣȥһߣ
㲻һ𣬲ǰ𲻵һ˿ãȫֻ͡⻹ԼȥĴ߿ҲҪǿռ䱦ҵ
ͷ˵Ҳֻʺⲫˣʱһֻǿⲫ£ΪǼӵɼǺǣҲҪȥ̫ǿģʵǲЩޡ
˵ͷ˵㲻ṩһ¿ռ䱦ĵַ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲֻϢ֮ѾѰˣ֮ߣע¾ǡ
һ˵ͷ֪ˣ·һǵðնɱ޵ģ̫ܵ
Цһ㶼Ѿ뵽ܣʧ
ܺȻûʲôʧһ뵽ͬǵĶ̲סһˬǣ㣬ɱ޵Ѷܶ࣬ô˼ҵ߱ȣ
ٻŲ뿪㣬˫峺۾ע뿪ķ漴˵һķڿռ䱦ϣûʱɱޣҪʤͬǵһΡ
ţɻʵ
з׭ûȤȥɱһֻޣԷ׭󷨣Գһ£ٻ˵
۾һٻ˵ð취ǲ̫˷ˣ
˷ѣǵҪ⼸Ʒ׭Ҫο˽ǣٻ˿Ϊ˵
仰ҪǱĻȻЦáķ׭ʲôʱƷ׭ˣʲôʱֳרҵˣ


99 ׳
һ·ⲻһЩޡȻЩûжȤٱֻܿ޺ǰڳһֻΪǿޣǰ籪ӵޣһμɵ
ֻ޵ٶʮ֮죬ֻҲ׷ƥҲܵš޿ɱܵ㣬ֻܴϷ£תֻޡ
ȫĿдѪϢ˹ٶ֮ľĸϽܿͬʱ
̿գһϱŷֱ㡣ὣֵȥڱһĲź浹ĵ΢΢޵Ȼ˿
ɱԸͶԷ㣬־ĽƣջһĽӰֻ޸Ƕȥ
ޣеǶ似ֻҰĹͬȼǿһЩǴ಻Ķ֡
ɱʱʩչɱȻϯɢ˿˿Ĵ㡣
⺮
һƷûʩչһ˹ȥ
ŴŶϢıдһ־ŸϽ㣬ò޵ٶ֮죬Ȼܿķ⺮Ǳܿ⺮ɱȴûôñܿһ޵ĺϣ̳һѪۡ
໡
һҽУֻһѪԶӴܶȥ
ܣԷӣϽ׷ȥ
ЩԳƨʮ㣬Ҳ֪ǲǾԳԵʣոյľźָܿ£ֻ׷ȥ
Ȼ鷳㿴žǰȴ޿κεޣ̾һ
һ·׷ȥΪѪԵʣ޵ٶȿʼŴһԾ£ٴһ˹ȥ
޼޿ɱܣ͵һԾצӱĹâץ˹
⺮
ĺ޵ϣڰյȻֹڵ棬ȫһ㺮˪ʱ̽ڡ
նɱ޺㾪ȵķҵһ龧ԼƷá벻նɱһֻ޾ҵһ龧
ֻĶϺһ·׷޶Ǽ·ˣ
ܿ˿һڵĴһѨ˵ԳŲǰµƷŶѨȥ
ѨȻûǰ֩ȡ֦Ū󣬲ŽС
붴Ѩ۵ľʯʯʣȻǰסġңȻһҵһЩó˿
½ʼǣ۹ͼ׳
㿴һʼǴ㵣ԭΪ֮ڵĶȴû뵽Щ
ķһ£ǾдʮȤ½ʼн˸ְҵ㾪ȵǣĴڡϸϸĿһ㷢绹ޱȣܶǰδš㿴һ½ʼǡԭʧ˲û밡һĨڵ˵Ȿ½ʼ˽硣
Ȼڵ۹ͼ㲻ôȤȴ֪ݵͼϸҪһλĻȻǰȡ
ں׳㷭һݱʮֹŹ֡м¼˺ܶҵ˥ܣͬʱҲ¼˺ܶ;˵İԡ޹Ѹ͵鶼мء
㵣ĵдЩˡĵһ־˰ɣԾѵò˥ɣ
ϵıʼջػУʱ㻹ûʶʼǼֵĶͬҲ֪Щ
ɽʱȴһɽڡ
ԭɽĵ׼˷ܡϾԿյɽ඼˾סģѧԺĹأסǰܻһЩǼѾͱˣ
û뵽ǣ׼ȥʱȥһˡһ١
ʱ۾̲סһǰѶ£Թˣ
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Сӣ𾴾ƲԳԷơѶԺѧԺΣǶ㡣
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ûȤѾϴˣһƯŮϴ󡣡ŹǱĵ˵
ߡǼܾƱӿֱֱѹϡ֮ʵСӸ׳Ƴˡ
ùµɴ۾ǣǰȻ˿Ϊ⣬ǿѹƺʯ󺣡
˵ôңԭ֮ʵ΢΢ЦЦܱǸ㿴ˡ
˵꣬ƱӿŹѹȥ͵ı£ǵɫż־ֵĿ㣺֮
ĵ״󺧣û뵽ǰҪСϼ꣬ȻʵҲﵽ֮ⲻùǾģùǾƱԼǿѵǿԼɣ
ڻˣ۾Źǡ
ǼʵȻ۸˹־׼뿪
ȵȣ۾ŹǣϲȻһˣҪһΡϵĶȥڿ㣬¡
㡭ըˣһҪԼԳ㱼ɣ
̫ǵע㡣
ʼҪǲԼǾͱԶˡ
ȻϲٱˣǾҪñٵ׼
ҾͿ㵽мֱ¡ŭ㣬Ͳһжǿ
볢ԣҾ㳢£˵꣬һȭֱ乨ǡ
ɫһ䣬Ӱ˳ȥϵȭͷӭȥȭһ𣬹Ǳֱ۷飬¶ֵע㡣Ҳû뵽Ȼǿ
ڿߣ۾ŶԷ
ǼΪ˼ɵĿ㣬ǲŵǺԱѵ²һӸ񣿡
һ㶣û뵽ǺԱ
Ǽɫĵһ㹻𺳵˰ɡ
Ǿʱһ䵭𣺡ҪǰԱҵǿԸһӣϧ㲻ǡ
һҲٵһǣȭͷ裬ٴŹǺ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬û뵽ѧԺоȻ˲ӡѵǺڰĲɣǺڰûôһ˰


100 Գ
һȭǧ֮ƿֱֱ֮ŹǺȥ
Ƶȭɫ˱䣬Ӱ˳ȥϵ۶ӭ˹

ȭһ𣬹ǱɳȥݴŲҰ֮ɫؿѪ
ߣɫ˱䣬ǿƥеġ
˭Ƕˣ۾һȭٴκ˳ȥʶ࣬ͰѶ¡
һȭٴĹѪͬʱɫ͵ı˱䣺̫
ʼ磬ŶԷ˵ľӲˣҲͰˣȻӲ
ϵȭƼȥǧ֮ùӰǱ㡣
ģû뵽һͷ࣬Ȼ˿ǺԱ˿û顣
֮µֻܰʹ£ϻ裬ҪǱ
Σһҧʮɵȭϣһʨͷ˹Ȼǵһֹɢϵѹ֡
Ķ㣬дżǿʽʰ㣬Ҳ㹻Դˡ
ͽ
ڹǵȴҽеʱһĵڴͬʱָŶԷȭͷ˹ȥһ̺ı
ıùɫ䣬۵ȭ֮ϡӵɳȥݺݵڵϣ˿Ĩһ㺮˪
ƷʿǾֵע㡣
۾Ź˵ڴ㹻˰ɣԼ֣
ɫʮѿһǿߣټһõƷʿûһ˿ʤĿܣĶ˵ҪҺԲɣ
ӵĿ˹һ۵ֻǺԱѣѲΪܴ񣿿ǲƺĲˡǱپԶְɣ
ҲϻγŹǾͻȥ
ɫ֣Ӱٱ䶯ֻҪ죬һ¿ʼֽ⿪
ǷһĻɫʮֲÿ쬵ĸоùŭȵס֣
ôͨˣ㿴ŹЦ΢΢ͣһ£Ķ㣬漴ʼϴŵĻ׽⿪漴ڵϡϵİԼƷڵϡ
һƷ϶ڵϣڹ۵£һؼڵϺһۺ˵һһӵģ
νʼ磬뿪ĹҲûг֡Ȼûֻʣڿ㡣·ѾĲˡʹڿûʲôڱĶϡ
ǰЩзһǮׯͨȻһЦ绳СΪĹǸеģЩҪǱļҶĻ㹻һˡ
ѹǵĶʰŷĹ廹ǺܸеġرǿеƷƼáϹǺʱƷÿֲһ¡
˹ǺҲûаϡ˵ǻвںˣҲںˣٵһҲ޷
ʰ׵󣬸Źǵķ򼲳۶ȥ빨ΪѧԺ֮ҪĻ϶֮
϶ҵ֮ҵЩˣпܵõռ䱦Ϣ
Ҳ㲻Źǵԭ֮һҪԷĴ·
һ·ۣڹԶֻŴ翪ɿһĹǣ㱼ģ̲סȻһЦ
һ·ŹǣȻԳİһһովĵطҪïܵĶࡣһ󣬹ͬС˲СƵӲ롣
ͬ룬żһֻޣɫ˱䡣żȻޣɱնɱҪǿ٣
Գʲôλá޾Ȼôǿһֻĵ׾ȣǲȴɲĸŹǡ
֣ôˣڹǰŵʱһڹǵǰһˡ
Ǽˣ뵽Լģɫ˱䣬漴ǿ򶨵˵ոһֻǿħޡǱŪ֪û·һΣ
ŹǵĻ΢΢ƲƲҲҴԷɶڰ
ǺǣֿȻܾʲô޵צ˺̵ͬһɻʵ
һ仰ùɫ˺죬Ťһ˵ҲûצӾͬһ㡣ҪӵĿ죬Ҫ
ٺ٣͸߹ˣȴϢǡвסҪȥЩԹ
ǿЦһ֪Ҳȥ˴ζûõǱϴһˡǸСӣǾͺ޲ɱ˶Է
־ͱ˵ˡˣռ䱦Ϣ𣿡ǻŰ·˵
ȷ˵·ΧǶһƬ򡣡˵ҲùôˡȻﵽ֮ʵվǱȲǣҪἸܡ
ǱһգȻõһЩ棺ҲȥɡȻһõл᲻ǣοʱҵĿⶼڿռ䱦ϣĶõͼ򵥵Ķˡ
˵ҲеǾȥմֺˡ˵
ǵĶԻͷ΢΢һȡռ䱦ˡ
ûٸǣӰŶȥ
ƬȻԳ򣬲ֻޣΪǿ㵨ľϵռ䱦Ҳûк˼ܿǣһ·Ŷȥ
˲Ͼ㿴ǰĲһӦþƬˡ
׼ôʼѰҵʱһҵͬʱ㲻ԶżŴȻ
㿴һĻ΢΢㶣ص޺𡣲֪˭ǵˣ
Ӱһ۶ȥǰֵһһˡֻޣһȻԳ
Գ޺Գ޵ѪҲǿͨԳ֮ϵ߶ԸԡǰԳŽëƮܳëģǴͨԳӸ߹ʵȻҪǿ֡Գ߶׶Ը
վԳǰ¶صӢӡӻ湻ǿģԳȥǡ
𡭡
Գľ޺УԳ޴ƣӺݺݵ˹ȥֲײУĴƿ֮


101 Ⱥɢ׭
ֲһȭûһ˿šָϵĵ㶯һ켣ɡһ켣۵ʱ򣬶ԷŭһΪơ
ڶԷŭ֮£бһһ׵ƿճ֣ƿռԳͬʱӰ˳ȥԳ˼Զľ롣
׵£Գëɢ̱ǵȼζԳͬʱһ˳ȥӵżּɵ
һԵȴûогϵʿƬ½Ϊְҵ
ǧУóһϵʿϵʿΪƿ췣֮Ϊ췣ʹߵĳƺܴ½ϵʿмӵģ
㵹û뵽ϡٵϵʿȻһҿ˵ģҲʮ˾ģոʩչǲ
ŵֹһĿѾųС
ں˵ͬʱеӡ᲻ϴһڼ۶ɹĺۼǣ׵Գ
ԳҲ࣬ɹ۵סЩȥ׵硣׵Ϊ֮ȻԳֵܵסġ׵粻ֻצĵסЩ׵硣
ԳȻƤ񣬵׵£Ǻϡ
׻𡭡
ͬû뵽ͷԳܵסô׵硣Ҫޣô׵£ɥʧսսЩͷϵʩչ׵繥ʮֲֿȥֶܼʱˡ
໡
ӵһԳʹ໽вϣҲ˱Уצɨ˹ȥֲܵ׵Ĵݻ٣һſŴȻ̲ס˺󼸲
ߵԳϵʹ񱩵ӳȥצӻһΪĺ
ӿԳ񱩵жʹһ׵ĺԳͬʱ˳ȥ
ΪһʿǵƣԳĻ׶༪١
ѵʰ㲻ɣӺһһҧʹ۳һͼ۳ֲ׵Գȥ
䡭
໡
׵ĺԳİͬʱɢȼմ̱ǳζԳײбŰ͸ѪҺ壬Ծһ˹ȥ
ͬХһ˹Գɫ䣬ӱ˳ȥӼΪǱ㡣Ǿ㣬ֻԳצӻǴ߲˹ȥ·˲䱻˺ѣצӲƤŵѪ֡
Ӿһ亹һٴδԳźͶԷ˾롣
໡໡
ԳӱܿͻȻճ˼䡣ĳҲû⣬ֻĿ⾯ԳֻԳǿԤϣЩͱצӴˡ
һҧ׼ٴηʱͻȻ͵졣תͷ˹ȥ漴ɫ䡣˵࣬ȻٴγһֻԳ
һֻԳѾԸˣһֻ⡭
ӵɫʮѿֱֱĶһһҰΧԳӱ¡
໡໡
ֻԳͬʱ쳤ХԳĺУɫص£ӡ
ԭȺԳӽӡ͵˹ȥצɢŷĺ⣬а˺ѵơ
е׵ոպȥסһֻԳʱһֻԳҲɫ䣬ʩչٶԳĶֻ֣ĿԳѾֱ۱צӴ̴׼
Ǿʵ׼ӭЩʱͻȻһ׵£ԳϣԳΪ֮һ٣ȡ˼ʱ䡣
ӱܿԳʱֻһӰһ߳ӿ΢΢㶣û뵽ȻҲһ鼶ʿ
лȻ֪ⲻǿ׵ʱ˹־Ͷ˵һһֻΣ
Ȼ˼ͷԳǼȻҲǡ
ԣ˵ЩԳʵףʱʵͶԷкܴľġϾʵԽ죬ȴǿԳնɱ
ӿȡ΢΢üͷ˵Ϊʿ޽ӴҪȻĺܲҡ
΢΢ЦЦû˵Գ˹ȥ
Գ񱩵໽Уϱŷ㼤ƿ֮ɫ˱䣬⾢ʿϣѪˣСԴ𣿻ӭȥ
ӵ۵ǣϣԭΪѪ꣬Ȼֻǵվסӣὣǰ
ߣ
ӵۣŲ˼顣ոǼԷʩչ׵硣ôھͱߣ
ǰԳо費ѡոľѾǿˡ֪Գôֲˡ
ǳԽĽëԳȻֲҺ̲ߣҪȻ治ҳǰһĿֱֱĶԳ
Ϊߵʱٴľٶٴεɴ۾ֻʩչ̶ԶԶһſֲ׵֮ԳͬʱҲ۶ȥ
ϵʿߣӵۿ㣬д֮⡣˭һ˳ɾͣ鶼ƽ
ھȺתӭԵԳ
һӦһֻԳ׵֮Գ໽вϣֲܵһƬǽ壬Գ׵Ĵݻ١
ԳܿԳצӺĵҲΡԳʮֲֿɱԸҲֻǿܱԼնɱԳȴʮѡ
ھԵǰ㷢ӵʮޡ
ԳϣͬоЩͷˡ㿴ֻԳΪԵ顣ֻԳʤĻӡȻӦȻҪһѡ
浱ɱɣԳצֲԱ߶̲סŭһ
ԺĿ£ͻȻ뻳УͳһѶ
ʲôʱȻͶЩΣѵ֪һʧпܱԳɱ
ӵɴ۾ǣȻЩͳĶһգԳ۶ȥ
ѵЩĪĶԳɣӿЦһ
һĻûб￴ҪȻﶨȻܼӡո׳ȥķ׭ʮʮֵǮ
ǣСӾȻһ
׳׭ͬʱЦ㳢֮ķ׭۵׵ôֲ


102 Ϸת
ʮ׭ͬʱʮ׵͵ճ֣֮һƬռһƬġ
ӵɴ۾ĿһĻдž֮ɫûʮ׵ͬʱĳ棬ʮ׵գѿռ䶼ҪƵģһ׵⡣ʮ׵ӣȴױƵ¡
໡
ŻϢ׵ԳϣԳҵİһ巭ڵϣʮ׵ĹÿһܽǵһȴԺ䷭
ź䷭Գе͵Ļ裬˿ԳᡣһԳȥ
໡
ٴһҽУԳڵѪҺȾ档ͬʱе̳ܼ̻£һ
һֻԳӿһĻ΢΢ЩʧԳצӲٴ¼ѪۣľǱܿ
㿴˶Էһۣûжٴȡʮ׭Գܼ𺳵ص׵繥£ֻԳͬڵϡ䣬ֻԳ
׽ֻԳ㣬΢΢㶡޷ȻеֵزȻʮϡٵķ׭ԸһֻԳˣǼɫ˿ں
ӵȻ֪ʱ䣬˼ٵȥһЩĶʮ׭˵治ں
ʶһ£һ˵лȣ
㿴Ȳ΢΢ЦЦ·㣡
㣿΢΢üͷôЩϤͻȻ뵽֮ҼҶҡͷˣһҶʱʹ÷׭ǻø˸
ֲ֪ѧԺһˣΪʲôû˵֡ߺϵݣѧԺӦŶԡɻʵ
΢΢ЦЦûи͡ǴֻԳʬʬʵֿ֪֮
Ļһ˵ҲǴռ䱦⣿
㲻ɷãҲ֪
ȻЩ֮㣬Ѿ㣬ҵ
ߴﷶΧڣܼ
л˵Գʬغú󣬾༲۶ȥ
ıӰոյʮ׵̲סһĺ֪ѧԺôðһرǶԷʹϵʿһߣʮģͣѧԺĺܶԱˡ
˴ӣһ·۵㣬ûзһ˿ֱֱĶıӰ
磡ǲ㣿ΰ˷ܵĿ֮ǵıӰ
ͬΪ֮üȻһۣͬıӰ
һҶôʸԳ΢΢üǲ⡣
ٺ٣ôġȻˣǾ磬㲻Ǻͺ˺Ϥ𣿿ȥǽ㰡Ǻûᣡΰߴ˵
ͷƬ򣬾Ǻ˴ġû뵽˺˵㡣
ţͻȥնɱ
ΰ΢΢ͷһ˹ȥ

ΰﵽһֱӱ˺ءһŴرǿһʱи˲ѡڣʰˡ
֣֣˹ֺ
͹΢΢ͷЦջɺã
ҡҡͷֱ˴ǰ̸Ե⣬λֳһæ
ţ͹ɻĿǻǺģΪΪǺһλҪϵǳú˶ʵչмӡ
ұ۸ԳԷλֳΪҳһΡ˵
Ŷ΢΢ЦЦȻô۸㣬Ǿȥɡ֣أ
Ǿһɣջ˵Ȼ˳ڴӦùϵҲһ£Ҳʲô¡
ҲӦͷ˲ѡһλǰŸոմﵽ죬ϵʿԵʣںλҲ֣͡ʰ㻹׾١
ǾͶлˣ˹ֵ

ΰŹǺǰ½㡣
СӣһξҪĪٶȲϼӿ
ڵεϤߵʮ֮죬һСϿȺȴ֪ոߵķ򣬱ضҪ·
ȵȾҪλˣϣλҳٴζ˵
͹΢΢ͷĿ⿴Զ
Գú󣬺ܶ·ˣڼϿȺһϿȵΰ΢΢һ
㣡ǲǼҺ⣿ż
Щ⣡㿴΢΢ЦЦôѵҪҵ鷳ɣ
ҪĿ㣬żһ𵱳ڽµĻ棬ͺ޲ó㡣
ƾǣӵĿˡ
ߣΪ֮˲𡣽λʰˡŭ㡣
Ŀſ󣬼ϤӰ΢΢һ˵ȷҵİ֣
Щ⣺λֶԸ㣬㹻ʰˡ
۾ЩζĿ˵ȷǻҳ֣
û˵ΰŭһССļҶѵΪǵ۹ʵ۲ɣֻõ˹˼𣿡
ͷûдΰֱֱߵǺǰ˵벻ôټˡôμɱң
ͬû뵽ҪԸ㣬ЦһҲû뵽㣡
Ŀת򹨽ǣ˵Ҳһεģ
㡭ŭɻ
˴к㿴˵òһʧˡ
ĪĻ΢΢㶣漴˵ְ֣֣ʰСΣ
ɴ۾ǣͻȻ˵֣ܱǸҲ֪Ը֡æҰﲻˣ
ʲô˼˼ӱ˻ҶǻӰ
ڴĿ⿴򹨽ǣȴֹͷҲص뿪
Ϸ绰һĻԭء
㿴ˣ漴˵֣һûɣ
Ц˵СӼ׭ס


103 
һҲһ仰˵뿪۲Ĳ
ΰһƽɫ䣬ȥ͹ˣ޷Ϊʲô˿תߡѵľô󲻳ɣ
ϴûˬξֻһˡһһźݺݵ˹ȥ
ǱҪӿȴָܲˡĽźݺݵϣŲϵĲ̤ȥһҽвϱ
ڲţ׼ΰŵʱϿȵһˣһӰͻȻд˳㾪Էٶȵʱ򣬺ͬɳɳϵȻ׷
ˡռ䱦У
һͷһҲ˲öԸΰӰǰһӰ׷ȥڿռ䱦û˼Ǽƽϡ
ܳȥʱһӰϿȼ۶ܳȥû˿ΰһۣ
ΰŵڵϱȵѪе֮ɫŨ񣬶ʱҲΪռ䱦ֵԵٴγΰС
ΰɰˣҪǵѱ䣬ôˣ
ҼסոˡΰĿԾԶ
仰סŲתͷΰһ˵סΡӲԸѵ㻹ɡ
㡭ΰָıӡ
צӣһӰһһΰ˹ȥݲһδСָָ
ž
ڶͬʱӵĿŶԷסݡǺ罻õĺһλҶӡʲô
һ仰ΰɫǺ죬ǳ嶯ڷӦĵΪ֮һǰһλϵʿֲ˵ģ͵ϵʿݣѧԺе˶һӡԼСУǲ֪
һҲûΰӰԶȥ

׷ǰһӰĵ˿ҷɡԷٶʮ֮죬Ȼ˾롣
ģ
״Щżеӡһ׵£ڶԷǰ档
׵£ԷĲڶ˶٣һЩ롣
㻹δüˣȴԭһֱӴܵгһذףݺݵĴ˹
ݵٶֻܿɱԷذ׿һ£һѪֱ۸ֳ
ס
ȻܿذףԷһذٴδ˹
ϽӭȥסԷذף˸˺ٶȡ
ԶԽԽأͶԷɫ˱䣬Ҫ֮׷ǲܶ˭á
㲻˲ĻͷԷһӰԶȥ
룬վûвסԷӰȥźܴķգܱһȺ֮á
˵ٶȲν죬Էڵƺʮ˽⣬һ·ŸشۣȻ˦˲ˡ춯ԽԽ١
ԽԽٵ£Էһɽ¸ߴɽʮ֮ߡ֮ȥҲǾһɴ۾ǣԷȻҲȥ
̽ͷɽ¿ȥüɽ¶ϵһŴϡ˳Ŵ˶ڵİݴʧС
ʲôԷԭ֪ŴԽ
ͬһɣȻ˳ɽ붸ڰݴ¸ǵӰ
ڵİݴ̫󣬲ˣ˶ܿԷǶܶԷ׷ˣվԭûвסעӶԷ
ܿ죬ɽϾ׷̤Ǳϵš
׷ƺҲΪʲôʧˣɽĴһһ뿪
ڶԷ뿪ס棬һʱȷû֮
ͶԷͬʱɽȥһԾɽϡ
עǰ꣬һ·׷ıֻʮ͵ġ
ڿ԰ĵĽˡ㣬еذ׻һۼ͵ؿ˹ֺֹϡ
;Է㣬ŶԷӭȥѱһ˸Եֻ㷢ֱۣԷǿ
ףȵĿԽ꣬벻ԷСС;ȻŶڶԷﵽҲ⣬ΪʰԷˡ
һ䣬ذ׻һ켣ٴҪȥ
ȻûʩչǲòϣÿһжˣײйϣֱָҪ˿Ʒ似
͵Ļ裬Ӱ˳ȥڴͬʱӡһ׵缤Է
ʿɫż𾪣оȻżϲ⡣
ͬʱʩչźʹ൱
һɱʩչΪĴɫҲزѣʩչҲû뵽ôѲ£Ȼĵס
ֵܳһĴɱֶΣܵסοǵȼá
ͬԽԽľԷʩչƷȴռϷ硣ĲȻһ㣬ÿν¶ԷذףѪ⻹Եʡ
ɣȻʿߡȴҵĶ֡˵
ǿɲһЦɱ彣һ
һӰ֣Ŵ۶ȥ
ɫأذ׻裬ŽӰ۶

ͬʱɳȥ
ûõģȻƷյĺ죬첻ֲġ
ҪټһŵƷأ⺮
ȣ⺮۶ȥ
ոյɱʱһɢϢı۶ɫ䡣ߴٵӭȥ

ֲĳôɣɫ԰ףѪ
Էǲһ׭˹ȥ
䡭
һ𣬵׵
׭
ɴ۾㣬޷ôӵĶ
ܾ𣿺ٺ٣Ҿúóһ¡˵꣬ķ׭һ綪Ƶġ
ǿȴҲòǱĶŸַ׭ǿߣķ׭ϣҵṥ㡣ҺߣҪȻʿܼķ׭ôˡ
þò´ͷһݣӻȡʮ׭
ҿ㵲סԳҲסʽ
һѵķ׭ɫʮѿ׵ȫǶ£ڵزŹ֡
ȵȡ
͵˺ۿ˵㲻Ҫռ䱦ѡȫ
Ȱѿռ䱦óɲƭ
ݡ룬˵ĻվûжǿʽԸ㡣һһռ䱦ѣ˷ô׭㹻һˡǴҸռ䱦Щ׭Σ
㵣һ׵ģٵġ


104 ˭Ƿ
ôеķ׭ңҸռ䱦㣬гһɫǿռ䱦Ʒµȡ洢ȴ㹻ˡ
ŷ׭ŶԷеɫɺܻɶԷľٶ׭ȻֵǮǱռ䱦ȴǲһЩҪ˵ԷԼ͸òˡһߣԼİ
㻹ǲţɫ£˵׶Ҷá˶׭Ҫ㣬㲻þκεҡ
Է˹ϵİѿռ䱦£ҲѶϵˣеķ׭ڵϡӻȡһѣڵ˵Ҳռˡڷ׭ļֵҲЩ͵ǽռ䱦ġ
ŵϴʮöϵķ׭ϵϲŨûпɫһֱۣռ䱦Ȼͬ󣬵Ƕ˵ϵ׭ļֵߡռ䱦˵ȱ١һһ岻
ԷߵǰЩ׭Ҳߵոմվλðɫʰ
㻹жķ׭ɫͻȻʵ
в٣ô㿴Ŵڴѿռ䱦ͦкøеġ
ҪٽһЩ𣿡ͻȻ˵
㿴ǰĴո˻ѷ֣ʱȴ̸۽׵飬㵵ͬʱЦǾͿʲôˡдҵĶȻܾ
ͷʲôѧԺһģ
㣡յļҶ㿴Ŵ˵
ҶŹֵĿ㣬漴˵ͷûж˵ʲôӰŷ׭һʧС
㿴з׭ı΢΢УŴߵĿռ䡣ռȻ󣬵˵㹻ˡ
ϵ䣬ϲŵĶУӰԶ۶ȥ

ٻ㣡û°ɣＸ˿ɫЩ԰׵ٻ㣬ŵѯٻ㣬ɱҲֻٻȴһֻ޵ľУΪʿһ˲ơ
û£ǻȥɡֻޣҲ̫ҡٻ䣬ܵƲᡣ
˼ٻˣҲðɱޡ˻ٻ㻺˳ȥ
Ҳ֪ȥˣڣٻҲˡ·̲ס̾һ
ӦǴռ䱦ȥˣҲ֪һôСҲǵģһҲǷϡôöӰǰܶˡεĿЦԭֵġȻᣬڸǴͷβӰ
˴Ҫǽŷ׭ıնɱֻޡ
һȺ˻˻ԭλãֵʱͬѾȴˡ
ܹڳˣҿǵþá֪ջΣͬȻһЦĿ⿴ϡ
ͬɫһ䣬漴ͬͬһŵޣʮһֻǰĸһֻ൱ڶߵޡ
һĻɫ˱䡣û뵽Էջôֲǿڶ÷׭£ǿɷֻ
ǵջ񣿡ͬĵȻžȣȴǳŪ֮ɫܹҲ
ߣͬ䳱Ⱥ壬һͷŤһߣͬŵһ߶˼־衣ȻⶼĹͣͬ൱ʵԲ˱¡
Ըķ䣡ȻˣǾܹӵŴҵ棬ϲΡͬ۾ȴɨΧȺ
㡭ۿͬû뵽ͬȻ׿䡣Ǻε׳ǴеĹӣ͹ͷˣҲ޿ܵͷ䡣
ǣ˿ͬȻҪ̤ĸ߰βŭա
룡һ
ôܹӾȻ޳ܲɣĵѵ䲻𲻳ɣܼҵ˶˲سŵɣͬĵĿ
û뵽ͬȻܼҶȥһͬҸ㣬ǳ룬ɫҳϲ㣿Ƕɱ˼ѣѵΪԼɣ
㲻Ҳ˽𣿼ȻˣƽĶԾ˻ʲô˵ͬӵĿ־͹ۣȺ֣㲻Ҳѡ
һ仰ﱩŭΪ׳Ǹ߰үܹ裬ֺͬըˡ
ͬҪӵĿ˵㵱׳ǻܼҵ²ɣ㣬ܼѾˣԺ㻹ǶܼҲҪŰɣ
огһɿֲŭŭյѪ߰һγܷۡҪʱһ䵭ڿռ𣺡ǲ֪Ƕȴס㶪ͰҶ̫ˣҪ˭ԵĶǾͱȱȣ
仰µʱ򣬼ֻʬͬǰΪ׵ֻԳ
ʱ˳նɱһֻһҲֻ֮ࡣֻͶԷƽ֡
ǣΪ׵ֻëԳȴǱ컹ҪǿֵޣǾȻԷնɱˡһֻ
һ͵Ŀ㣬ﶼ۴Ų֮ɫ
ڣԸҡ˭˰ɣ۾ͬѹڶԷϣԷĪѹ
ͬоѹϵ亹ðѹ־塣ͬ߼״Ͻͬ󣬵ǰƣ
Էǰֵʼջơתͷ˵˳ְն˼ֻޡûΥҵĳŵ
ʹļû˵һ仰תͷͬߵԸңҪ˭ϲˣ˵ɣҵ
㡭ͬû뵽ɫתô죬ӵһû˵һ仰תͷ׼뿪
ߣҲõԼǷߡɲ׼Źոͱ˵ͬ
ͬﵲ֮ͷԷϽǰ׼ͬ뿪
㿴һĻ΢΢ЦЦǰĶҡǽӳϰɡҪȻҪ뿪Ҫһۡ
߼㵲ֱһӺݺݵ㡣
ĵĿǴŲмֵ˹ȥһȭµʱ߱ĵ
뿪Ǳ֡㻹Զ㿴ŶԷӵĵ
ͬԼⷽΪһ춥߾ȻһȭˣɫǴż־塣
̤ǰסͬͬ飬ۿͬ˵ܼһܼңԼ۵ġգҪôϲңҪôԼԼһ뿪ѡ񡣡


105 
ͬĶ漴һۣͳһذףԼֱȥ
ذֱۣͬҧݣԼһֱѪҺͬʱ˵˿𣿡
￴˲ͰȾѪҺͷŤһҲû˵ʲô
ͬ˵ߣ
һ㶼ûŲϵѪҺڵ϶ûһͬ㿴˵һˡ
ЦһΪܼҵĶ֣Ҫ඼ܲ˵ĻͲΪܼҵĵˡҸ׺Ķ֣ҺȴϡСȴûдʤһΡԺҲСһЩ
ʼҲûзϡ漴ٻ㣬ٻɫżֲ԰ף˼С
ָңٻ˵
ţٻɻ㣬Щ衣
ٻˣҲϻֱӰԵٻץȥ
ٻˣһ͵ȥٶôȵ㣿Եץסٻ԰׵ĨһΣʹ
ҶҰ̽һ£
˵꣬ڵӿٻУٻѹѪͬʱŬĲ̽ٻ
ٻоڵѪʼƽϢֹͣϵĺȴþòˡ
˺˰ԵĶٻ㣬˶һۣɿֺ̲סʵô
ûлشˣеһӡһĹ켣㻮

Ѫ


һϵĴиһ׭֪ƣƵģҽûãٻϣʩչһ顣
ٻƵ£оָļ졣ֻȵȶʩչЩЦáûҲûжʩչĪʲôã
ֻٻ㿴ʩչͬˮһ಻ޱ𺳡ΪҽҵȻ֪ЩļֵȻ˶ҽǼҲǼټġ
ЩЧԼӷ̶ȣϹʱڵʱ˳ƺΪһٻûʲôоʩչԽ࣬Խиоǵָо
ٻ㶮ô·ȴ˷
ʩչ۳ɷ׭˵ҲЩ׭
ȫҽ׭ֵͬ䲻͡ϣҽʲôʱȱٵġЩǴԺȱҽˡ
ʩչȻоͷЩˡ֪ǾĹȵԵʡ
СӣݺݵĴһȭȻ֮ķ׭֮
ʼ磬Ҳûнͣǿٻ˵оô
ٻоڵѪƽϢһǰδеɣЧͬʱ̲סʵǲǵϹŵ
֪㾪ȣΪֻ֪ĵ
ȷϣٻԭءû뵽ƿصǵһڡǴӵġ
ٻüͷӡУǼΪǿʩչȻЧˡǲûд˵еôֲ˵еĵͨĲͨЧ
ĵǲûɹ߲ȫٻʵ
һ㶣漴ٻΪʲôô룬ε˵٣Ҫ롣ҲһʵǵʩչЧҲ޵ĺܡʵԽǿЧԽǿοҲǿ֮֡ʩչģֻǵеƤëѡȻûеǿˡ
Ƥëٻһ㶣漴ɴ۾Ŀ㾪㶮ø߼ĵ
ѹٻ㾪ȣЩѾܲˡҪ㻹ø߼ǡٻ̲סһ
ʼûش֪ʵЩ鿴˵ĵһֳո߼ĵֻʱѡ
㣡㲻ǵõϹʿĴ˰ɣŹֵĿ㡣
ҡҡͷҪܴﵽԶʿĴУôֻôһʵ
ҪǣҪϹʿĴУʵһֲֿĲˡԲֻһ졣
㣡ûȤһ׭УͻȻ˵˶ķ׭㹻ˡ
룬漴˵ȥ̸ɡ
ͷ㲢СȻҲͬ㣬ǶٻᱻļҶӰ졣ǣ˿ҲûеǼ뷨
Цһõ׭ˣǼҲԳ塣
οǿ͸֪жٶҪǣǶкøС鲻ԽİǵȦС
ٻ㿴ıӰͬĪΪҽҵȻȤͷˡ׭˭ó
ˣ֣ռ䱦𣿡ͻȻһʲôɻʵ
Ҳָָɫ
õˣֻ·ͬʱһ俴㣬һۿ㣬ǲšԭǱԵ뷨ȴû뵽ĵõˡ
˵һǰȡռ䱦֮١㵽ôõģ
Сľ͵õˡʼһԴ飬Ҵһʮ׭˹
ŹֵĿ㣬ķ׭Ȼ󡣵ȿռ䱦ǲһ㣬һôĿ
߹Ȼϵķ׭һٰɡٺ٣ﲻͷ׭ģȻһЦ
ĵĿһ۵Ҳ°
һ仰һƬȻֵܵߡߣѾԶԶʵˡ
ˣʼҲûнʲô֪ûгȫͬûжȫҪĲܡ
߰ɣȥе飡˵Ҳ׳һϯ֮ء


106 ͷ
׳ǶǣѧԺǳصһȺһŵĹ۷׷ף
ðġ찡ôӵȫķ׭ϵ׭׭׭ҽ׭ģô׭
УǷӣǷôŪȫķ׭Ƿ׭˾ҲץĲáоȻ׳ô
ݣеʲôֻλһݻĳءóķ׭ġ
˵к׳ܼҵӰӣܼҵүƵ롣
ܼңһЩ̲סһͨ˵ܼǸ߲ʵĴڡһЩ˻ɻ󡣾ܼңҲô׭

۷׷׵ʱеڲһȺУպٻ㲢Ŷһųһ̬ܸ߱оę֫ԼظĵԻ壬һ̲סһŮٻյĳתǵʱһϽŻεıܿ
ΨֻĿƵעŮ˿û˱ץеĻɬϴżǳЦ˼ַŵӵĸо
ȵĿٻ鲻Խıܿ۾˶һۣټٻ˲ʱرǿĸоСӻԺܶĸо
ôִСһҶѵǻ˲ɣＸ˦˦ͷͻȻЩĽĵˡҪﵽ͵˶ŮĿ⻹Ҫ
֣ͨϵӹУڶλãλʮѣҪ֣ҲӼ˹㿴ȱʲô㡣
û뵽ô٣Գ󡣼˼һְһʱ䣬оȫ׼
㻹û˵Щ˵ոѾҪĶˡٺ٣ͷöǵ˿ڿഫˡ
ҵͷԣʧЦСǰѾõĲˣȻ⣿
ԭģŵģ̲ס̫ΪӵһСͷҲһЩ˶ѡҪõĶ˾֪ҪֶΡ
һ㶣û뵽ԼĲ߻׾ͱƷЩˣ㣬һɽСˣѵھҲܳҲɣ
˵ﲻĶ㡣
ʼ㻹𲻳ϣҪŪͷĻҼŮˣҲͷǧٱ
ѯʵĿУſںŮ˴ϳȹ̻¶ڰ׻ĴϺͺдҪƷһȺŮվſվһţ㹻˵ĿˡҪÿŮ˵үߺãӭ취ܱܲȵĹŪЩͷⶼһЩС취ˣŮŪͷĵطţҡ
㣡׼ǰģģĸȴպٻͬʱĺһŮݺݵĵһۣôо׼ŪɼԺ¥Ƶġ
㣡Ժ׼ֻ˼룡Դǵľ㣬ϵĺɲˣ
ʼ磬ȻһЦҲ˵ʲôǵĳҪǷǰЩֶΣƻŵļС
Լٻ㲻ͬǣȴ۾һĴָߣȻǸߣ룬ͷΧˡҵȵȾȥְš
ңٻЩըˣû뵽Ȼͬͬĺȵٻǵ˵ҪǸˣҽܲ½գ
˲ͿɥҲ֪ôˡٻĻ˵ʲôʲôԼӶû
˷ð취вʣôõİ취Կ
ٻ㣬Ҫ£˲̻¶ǣﶨĿٻ㣬İ취Ĳҡ
УٻҲ;ܾ
ΣֻܰĿת㡣㻹ûڣվͿںȵ㣡׼˼
յĻֻܶʼ磬ʾ޷Ůͷ
·˶ʱɥ
ˣЦ˼ϢǷһЩµȵҵͷѡеǰ취𣿡
ţ۾һ漴㣬۾Źâ㻹а취
Σ벻ǹӵܡһͷˣҵȻȲǰͷ϶ʹùֻûʶѡ
ôһʣ㵹˼Ůİ취ֱЧġȻպٻ㶼ʹãǾһɡ
ǰôҵɣΪҵ߹ܵ㣬Ȼĺֻܶ࣬ҪԺɸѡЩʺ硣
ǵĹʶ٣˵ϲĹ壡ʵ
ȻȫʶҵݰݷõĻûжٻҾ֮⡣شֻЩɻôЩ
˵ͷ漴˵˾ͺáȵ׼̽ÿмŷ׭ʮ͸ǡȥĹ壬˭͡
ţɻĿ㣬֪Щʲôá
ЦЦ˵Ŀ⼯дǣȨɫƸȵȡȻɫС㲻ϲԺͲһɡֻܽȨƵӰˡҪǵ˹嶼ǰеĻˡҪǣҪλҪһ֣ܵõǾʹϲСأܶԸǮΪ壬͵ķ׭ֻǶеķ׭Ȥѣ᲻úײסǡһҶʮȻЩ࣬ΪҲʲôˡ
ĽͣеȦȦ䶼뵽ˡ￴ӵĲͬһƧĵطôһԣҵ˽ԶԶˡ
ʱЩɡԺḻпţҪܰѺ׳ǵϲ嶼ĻǾ͸òˣѵĹ档Цſ
ҡҡͷ׳ǳضѶȡǵĵǿԽ룡
ҲУϾʱڶǷչȾɡʱЩ٣Ҫ׭ľͿˣ·԰أȵǸٸǼ취ٺ٣ŪͷҪж֪ǵС
ﲻ֪㻹ʲô취ô˵۾һƧˣǲòš


107 
ʱת۾ȥǶСˣС֪ͯһСжٵ׭ҽη׭
ڱ˵Ƕ׳ǣ׳ǶûĴֱʡһʱ֮䣬С
԰صվ棬һмȥˣ϶Цݡ
԰غٻ㿴ȴ˼ֱζŪ˾֪ĵزȫֱʣҲ֪Сİ취ֶβ
ӡз׭ֽܵţȻ󵱴ǳظڴ粨δƽϢȥʱֳһȺȺ˾еѧԺǳصת
һк󣬸һЩǽĨеı־
ֶ࣬βڵֶ£ǳص˼۾ܿСǵصĹ棬Ūǳ˾֪
԰ؾֶεʱͨ˼ˣֻ̽ϲϢϵĿʡ·ӵݵʹϲ塣
Ĳ£ԽԽŨǳص˶Ϊӵ̽ݵʱзų˵ӵ̽Ĺ壬Żݣ
һ˾ã̽
԰غٻ㾡ܺܲԸ㣬ֶʩչǲòĿ࿴޷һƧɳļҶôҵֶΣҵֶΣֱŷΪƸΪơ
Уֶ£һʱΪǵһСлδһ졣ƸֶΣǺʶ
㣡ǸС򳤴ģ԰غܻɵĿ㣬ûһˣÿÿ𺳡
˵꣬԰ʹУȴΪռֻܱȺ̲סһ
ģ̫гΪ̵Ŀˣֶ֪£׭ļֵܳʲô۸رǶԴõѾܰ˲֮׭԰һÿֻóʮ᲻̫һЩ
ҡҡͷ԰˵ϡΪԽپԽֵּرܰ飬㹻ˡ̫˷ãοЩеˣѲ֣öԼĺá
˽ٻ̲סֹһ
ٻֹʼ˽ͲЩ˵ķ׭붼óˡôаˣôҲ÷һеĽ״
ٻ˵ζŨѾ˵ķ׭óô࣬ǳгѡһ̸̣У
û뵽ٻôһѾͰС˼ǹ̵ͷ
ҼҸˣ¿ˮ̵ĺȻһЦΪң̵ͷҽˡ

պٻȻ˺ƤҲ˵һ仰԰ͷŤһ鲻㡣
ϾҪˣĲȥ𣿡԰㡣
ҡҡͷ԰˵еһжȥˡ·ֺãȥȥò󡣺οҼҶҲӦ
԰֪ĻҪǱЩ֪ģƾȫûˡϾЩ廹Ǻܸ߰ģ˭ͼҶΪ飿ҶУǶǳɡ
ֵĴţҶίˡ԰̲ס̾һЩĽĿա
԰صĻ΢΢Ӳһ£Ͼͻָסֱۣȴϡ
Ȼ֪ʲôյ֣԰˵ҶҶĶ˵ҪҪǸʲôһ𡣡
֪仰˵ģץֽ˽ץָҪ̽棬ĳʹ
ٻתͷһ㣬âǰӵڼ˼֡
ˣ֣ȵÿַ׭ȡʮŵǳصĺоļ۸һҪƽ۸ϡͻȻ԰˵
ţ԰ɻĿ㣬ʲô
ƣ˶÷׭󣬾󡣺еļ۸ԽߣǴŷ׭Խ󡣡ȻһЦִĳ취ɲܷʱһЩñ֪бġ
԰صһĵ湻ڵġƣǷ׭ļ۸ֻ׭ˣ϶ޱȣڼ᲻óֻ÷׭۸ٴ
Ժķ׭ÿֻȡһ֣һҪɹӦ󣡡԰˵ҲҪС

ٻͬʱӵıӲѣһ̵ֱ¡
̹̣԰ض׬Ǯ黹ǺȤģȻһЦģһᰲźõġ
㿴԰ͻȻ˵ȥ˵ͰֳɡЩأֶ׼ġҲռǱˡͷҾ͵ʲõˣǾĳɰɡ
߰ɣ԰ҡҡͷѾ˵ãͲҪٸˡ׭ļֵѾռ˲ٱˡ
ˣ㲻԰طĻᡣԼˣһܴȡȻ˵Լˡ
԰˵ЦһҲû˵ʲô˵ɺĳɶûϵⲻϼ֤棬֪Ժ϶Ǵ棬Ѿռ˲ٱˡ
ڲӿ£нڴﵽ˱͡£еֻ赲˽ȥ
赲˽ȥʱһϴѪ嵽еĴſڣȵÿҽȥ
ԲѾˣ빫´ɡ겻ȥ
ۿϵƱӿѹϣֲ亹ֱð֮
һԵ԰ص˿һĻ΢΢üͷ벻һ¡˶ٵ꣬㾪ʵͬʱ̲סĴ󵨣ĿСиϲ£ǲ֪
ȥ㿴Ȼ̱ڵϣֻǰסꡣ
԰صһӣ
δ˵꣬ͱҡҡִϣסԷƣ˵ȥɡѾԱٽӴˣ´
꿴ǰȻס˿ɫͷһʵò˵ֻǽȥһˡһ˵Ŀռ䣬лаɡ
ԷĻ΢΢üͷȥһȻ¡ǿ˿϶᲻Ҳ϶ȥ
ǸѾԱˣ㵭˵


108 ʮ
һҪȥأۿ㣬дżᶨ
ңȥ㿴국˵
ã겻ϻһȭݺݵ㣬˿û飬־ͺҪ
㣡СģԲۿһĻ
ŶԷȭƣֱ˦һȭӭȥ
䡭
һȭ֮£ԷĵɳȥܵԷȭͷ̺˵һʵܴйȥ
ĻûֹͣڵӿֱϺ޻Σһȭݺݵĺȥ
ûõģȭͷӭȥһľ磬û˭ȵùһȭ֮£ԷٴαĵɳȥɫҰ˼֡
пҵ֮ʣҲٴȥ߰ɣ㿴ǰ국˵
ߣѱһȭٴвݵ˼˭Ҳ赲ȡ׭
ֲȭͷ̺ؿںֲĺüѣһҲû֣ʮɵƷ似ӭȥƿ֮һĽǶȣͶԷȭͷһ
䡭
һҵײ֮걻ĵɳȥ²ϲȶжϵԶԶһжģѪѣɫҰһƬһ˿ѪҺ
߰ɣвӭ㣡㶢ŶԷҲԷľٶŭˡҪǿ֮ʣϵ
겢ûΪĻˣһҧѹͷѪȭһ䣬ĺٴκֵʱ򣬶ԷĽֱɨĿ£ֲ
ݡ
ԷȻĺŭѣڵǱӿֱֱӭԷѶԷĹסһźݺݵ˹ȥ
һ֮£ݺݵڵϣӿһɹѪҺ
㲻ҵĶ֣㶢ŶԷ˵
ǲ֣Ҫ֪ҧݣ壬һȭٴ
üֵ˹ȥѾƵܵסһȭٴαڵ֮ϣٴӿһѪ
üǣԷȻٴγ壬ҪƵٴκ㡣
ֵ˹ȥ׷ڵ档
˵Уʱһ档
һ겻ϱһɣڿѪҺȴϵĳӹ
ɣѪ
ٻɣѪ
˿һĻЩ̵תͷŲɵ꣬һ¶̡
㣬ÿλȥҲϼԽԽµľٶͬ𺳵ˣЩ̵ͣơ
һٴ꣬ʩչ˵ΪһΡȥɡҪҪ׭Ļѡ
ԭ̤ȥĲ͵ͣתͷ㡣
ɨһĴţ㲻ǸеˣĹʤΪĵ׭𣿡
ļͣһ䡣
أͻȻ㣬Ǽᶨ·𲻵õĲƵġ
в˵
ɫٴβҰ˼֣ͻȻͨһǰη׭ֻҪңҵС
˾ٶ˶˴͡ԭ˲Ѫˣ˿ȴˣһĿעꡣ
㣡Ůױֱۺ
㿴һۣ漴ŶԷ˵ҪЩ׭
۾ͻȻѪ죺ˣ
㡭˵ʲô۾Ѫ͵ĺһңϲˣ
۾пҪγѪҺ꣬ȡһѷ׭ȡη׭ݸ˵㣡
꿴һѵҽ׭̰â˵Զ𣿡
û뵽ԷôôߣЩϲʱȴԱ˵㣡ɣкܶ࣡
㿴һͬ鿴գֻεİѷ׭꣬˵ȥɣ
ӹεקסչһ񣺡лл
˵꣬ץŷ׭͵ת뿪˿Ʒ
ŶԷ뿪㿴ŵϻѪԸɨɾɡ
뿪㲢ûзϡһЩ׭˵ʲô˾͸ˣļ͵ֵ͡
ǿһӰȻ͸һĪˡͲƭģ԰Ц
ʼνôصƭңƭ˾ƭˡ
԰Ȼ֪һѷ׭ϣЦЦҲûйС

һֱ˺þãɽʱŻ˳
Ȼ԰زſһ죬ڴһ֮ͻصĿջյеĳŸʳʱѾ۷׵żҴҵܻ˵ĳʳҲץС
·޳Ĺֹ֮⣬񻹶
㿴һĻȻһЦٻƲƲ죬ոٻĳǱġڿˣԼһ߹Ĺ壬ޱš
ھ㷹󣬿żζĿˣոԼĳ̲סһݣۻˮûʱһڡ쵰ܣȻЦҡ
԰ضһۣԼģɻ
ҹʱ԰ظϽջô
԰ջץŵ˷ܵһңȻ͵Ƭ֣˷ܴ󺰵ʮʮЩ廹±Ǯʮʲôһˣ
˷ƺδͷ㺰벻ǶʮͶʮ׭ʲô۸򰡣찡Ҷ޷󣡡
Ļͬ͡û뵽Щ׭Ȼĳʮۡ
㣡ԺǮˣˣ˭ˬ˭˷ܵĴ󺰣ȻܼҶӣǴûƿһʲƸ
籩ĻĵĿһ۵ûϢôϲ̨顣ûһ׷ҲҪɽ˲ˬ˵Ǿܸܲߵ㡣
һȺ̲ס㣬ǲ׽˱˾絽׸ˣ
㣡ʲôʱһΣ˷ʵ
𼱣ı׭żżȥҪҲϡٵĸоȲھеڶΡ۾
ߣʵǸߣȻһ㲻̿ϧˡ
ǣôһ̵ġģд˺òãͼܻΪһ


109 
оһۣеԸӵĵزҪǣһλү׭ȥ󣬸ӱʹãһٰӱʵ֮
Ⱦ˷׭ЧټϺоӸ߲µķ׭۸öǹԷ׭֮͡ҪǣһΪӣõе̽ûзᣬÿóһߵģܵõ
кϵ£ȴڿջг̶쾳硣ɾŵ׺ʵʹﵽһ춥ĲΡѾ㹻̶졣
֮ʮ죡һһ죡
һͶ༫ҪǴͷʼ׵壬ҲԴﲻͶĲΡΪˣҪͻƿҪѼ֣ΪľҲҪ˼̼֡ҪǣڵľԶԶҪǿһߣǵͻҪѼ֡ΪÿͻƣضҪͻơ
㾭ڶԵʣͻƵҪ˶
ڻתÿתؼڣһھӨ͸ľС֮žӨľʼѭ
ӡԽԽеǷתתٶŷ̵ʹʹֳƼ
ĵǷʹ
䣬ƶ£ϾȻֵĳһӷͼЩͼֻһ˸ʧ漴һâ۵Ķͷڶͷһӡǣ󼲳۽Ժʧ
Ȼھе㲢ûз㣬ֻǸоԼԺԽԽƵģȴġ
ģõתٶȸǴﵽһַĳ̶ȣϴڡ
תٶԽ죬渡ֵͼԽŨ˷׭ӡƵģת۾ʧԺ
㲢֪ǵĵһڻĹУ壬ȻǾǵ塣塣ҪǿϸֵһͼȻ֡ﵽ֮۳塣ȴδ˵ͼ
Ϲʱڵй飬һЩĹϻ۳һ׭Щ׭ͬʿԼġǹɵģַ׭س֮ʵط׭Ϊ˾ǳɾͿƿֲĵ壬ϵĵ壡
ϵķ׭ϸ֣żϢֺ󣬾ͷʧ
һͼɵͬʱܸоԼƺĳıǿ֪ط׭ǣ֮
ıǿ£оȣڵЩ񱩵ĴϢͬ
ϢƿȴɲɶǸоֻһߣȫܳƿһ̤ȥ
̶֪ȻԵʡ㲻û÷׭ǣ׵ƿǣ׭˿ûá
ȷʵܴ壬ǴֻʵԼ֮µġﵽԼͬȵʵһ˿ЧûС
ҲҪܴԼ壬ֻҪϵ׭ϵĴԼ͹ˡ
ģҾͲų岻ƿһҧױɢڸԼ塣
òϣ׵ȷʵΪֲǶڴȴ׶ȲϡĴЧʹȫãҲֻܸо΢΢о
ֻһ߾ͻƵ㡣΢ĴЧ£תٶȻһΡ׵Ĵѹ˵һݡ
䡭
ڱһ죬ڵĳͬʱУһϸСľٴθ֣ѳС
ЩֵʱܵʼӿһвЩϢʼ
ӿ£Ҳϵӿڵ
뵽УѾһӿ£ʼ׳ȴûһʢĺۼ
ףҪ㹻׵磬ܿˡֹһδĻ꣬ʱܿʮһ䡣ʮƷ֪ȫʢ
һ˳ʱףǰǿ̫ˡãкܶܣ˽ֻоţһëҪ˽ģҪһ仨꿪˲˽ɡ
ܵϵӿ룬иֵľԽԽࡣھֵı鲼ȫʱԭһϸС޵ľȻĿϸСӴ£ЩˮһںϣԭС۳һľľٴλٴα̡
֮ľ۵ʱгһִľּ̡

һ㶣뵽ǰ˵澭Ӧ澭еһɡ
뵽Լʵ۳һ벻֪ͬʱ۶ҪʲôΡʮ죿ֻǳԽʮ죬ڵľ֮
һ۶ɺٶȸӿֲһ׳ʵӿ£ڲ˶ľ硣
ܵȵһһȭһȭ´ƿյķХֲ
һһ죡߹Ȼһȼģֹһջȭͷ˳
ﵽ죬ҪǼһС壬Ͷ۹ĻӦҲܻһƫԶСǳصĳĹ壬˭ܵƫԶСǳȥ
ʩչ׭ʱȴһʩչ׭ɶˣҷ׭ͬԶԶʤ֮ǰҪǣһʩչ׭Ժһ˿һδץסȴˡ
ɻ󲻽ͬʱ֪Ϊĵʼ۵Чط׭͵ǣĸӦ
벻ͨΪʲôûм룬׭ǿȴʮָˡǴķ׭ͬǿ
ƿ߳ջһջغվ档
ؿ㣬۾һЩϸǴżƣʵıһŷâ΢΢һ㶣ֽˣ
㾪ȵĿһۣû뵽Ȼ˳뵽ԼɢƣϽջЦЦûлش𡣶תͷһԸ˵ôˣ
ǰ֪ͨңһȥһˣ
һ㶣û뵽Եʣɿ׳ǵķôһֱڶ׳ûȥʱȥ׳ǿȥڵ۹ŲСĴǳطò


110 
ȻԸȥǰˡܲԸĥĥǰ׳ǣ
㿴ཱུϸߣǲԸգ΢΢ЦЦǰ·˵үôʱжСȥ
ؿһۣ漴ЦǱұƻɣ
ƻ飿ɻĿغǲ⡣
ʱĸʱ򣬺ͰҷڿһЦ˵Ҫһ̥Ůͼ޸ϱʱǿЦѡȴû뵽浱һ飬֮Ūٳ棬ºܶ˲ǷǵΪĺͰҴӶסԴʮ󣬰ҾÿǰסҲղԸȥ㵽СԵʡؽͣҲûΣҶ˵ҼҶز㵱Ҷ
תգǹŹ֣û뵽СŮ˻ᱻ˱סǰ͹̣ɢĻϢŮˣŮ˻Ϊеĳ嶯
Ǵүͬˣʵ
ңͬҾͲҪյ۾˵촽ɢ˹
Ǻǣ󲮵ûͬ⣡Ϊĸ˵ģҲֱԾܾ˵һпյġ˵
ɨһۣӸոյıֿ֪նǸҴӲð㵹ǲ𵱳Ը԰صİ֪ʲôϵ
һ˺ܿ׳ǣ׳ǵ㣬ŸоŴǵϢ׳۶ΰɢŰƣ˸оСϡ
ǰĴУ˿ɫٵĲǵƺ̺͸ƵĴöѡǣǳͬŲٸʵĽ
Ǻ׳ǵ۹֮һȻ׳۰硣
ؼˣָǳһʶ׳۵Ľ˵һξϴǼҶ˼ҶңҶȻЩˣں׳ǵĵλʮ硣ռź׳ΪΰĽ֮һ
Ҷң
Ŀ⿴˵ֶΣĽǰҲϸʡǰĽԶԶȲ׳ۡǸߵ࣬Ļǧ̬Ůˡס棬ееѹֲסȥǹҵŮˡ
ǿסͷ֪ݲǰŶʵ۹֮һĺ׳ǣԻĺ׳ǣʵٷˡⲻЩСǣһ֮ǳ
𵱳˵һ仰һĿ̬ǰ
룬ҪԼŵԡ
㣡ôˣؼ㶢һ㣬СӲаôᱻһ𺳵ˣ
ʵ
ұȲҶҡں׳ǵλҲ͡ǵ۹һλں׳ǵı߽紦׳ǵסĵ۹Ľؽͣź׳ȥ
үҲǽҵ黹˽ⲻֻ࣬үǽ̲סһ
ؿЦĵҶ湻ǿģΪҵļҶǽ֪ҪǱļҶͶȥȴˡ
׳ˡ󲮾Ľ׳ǵ۹һǣκ׳ܵŰؽ͵
壿㵹𺳲ѣϴԳõĴ½ʼǣ֪ʲô
Ѫܿ塣ߵȵ֮ʵΪѪ֮ʵǿƿֲ
ֻʮ١µȵ壬ӵǵѪ٣ڶࡣ
Աиߵȵ𣿡ʵ
صͷҪûҲͲҪôǿˡҴ˵һֻƷѪǡ
ƷѪɴ۾ǲŵĿءƷѪӵѪǺεȴڣ֮ʯ쾪ĴڣӵѪǣǾ߹Ĵڡ
ţ󲮵ҲǽһҺԺ׳ǲȤҪȻȴڣɱ۹Ҫסѡ˵
˵ͷһ˵˵ߵһۡǰۡʱͻȻתͷ˵㣬㲻ðϵóѣߣҾǼ޸Ҳ޸
û뵽ͻȻô˵һ䣬㿴ŷ߷߲ƽգСĵѵС㣡ܱܲáǡǸʣΪԼֻһ㣬ɺܲ
ռʱ˼ƽԭĲѵͻȻЦҲԣöˣߣα
Ա߳ĬҪαû˭ȵ㡣Сӻѻſھ˷ֲ١
С㣡үǻˣߵſڵʱҶ˷ܺʱҲץֱۣȻܲԸǸˡ
ĶС֣˵Сİɡ㲻Ը飬үģοء
仰һЩ˫ĵ۾㣬ú˵㣡
һ仰ж쳣ͬʱָоѹһδŮԼ˵㣬һ̬ܹ
һңҶվȻץ֣ĵ׾ȲѣѵСһ˻ɣ
ȻЩҶԵʱҲȥոס
ո׺Ȼȴգ˵ջ󣬾͸Ͻǰա
գ
˳ȥһлӿ粽ɢһ⺷ƣʮַѹֵЩܡ
ĵ׾ѣ벻Էɢһ˿Ϣöܣλүʵǿ
ЩԸĺһߵߣֱ֣˵ǲǸˣߣտɲҪҪȥޣ
յʧЦεĿһŮͷĿ⿴㣬һ˿ȣոȻֻɢһ˿Ϣƾʮʵһ˿ϢҲôõֵġȻ治ɫ
ɣȻӢۣЦ˻ȥ
үˣ㲻˵ڶԷ֪Ҳ⣬ôùȥˣ˸˵ˡ
С»öлл㡣ҵ漮أʧȥҪ㣬Ҫˡ˵һֺơ
үˣҲǾһҶıֶѡ
ãҾҪˡԺ߰ɡҲġ˵
У㻹ûڣվ𣬡㲻ܺˡҵģ
һ뺷ĻûˤڵأСܱܲôֱӣ׵ģҿʲôûôģñģ


111 
ţ˼תͷɻĿա
ռ׿˿ʾĿ𣺡Ҫ˭УǲҪ㡣ҵˣ˭Ҳߣ
ٴǿԼˣί㶼ûǿأ˰
һ֮㣿΢΢üͷǲ̫ݳˡѧԺõ
㣡˵ҪҪңռײӦתͷʵע㣬ǡ
Ͷȥһ漴˵үһǸСɣСѧԺҲŲ鷳Ҳܰһ¡
ѧԺ鷳ɻĿա
Сúܶ˿ˣȻΪҵͷ˺ܶˣһЩ룬ǻһЩ顣һǸŶСȽϺáһɣһ˵ү֤
ؼתͷϽͷͬѧԺҲкô
һգŮȷʵŻյǱ˴Ҳôһ˵ͷ˵ѧԺհɡ
Цţʹ𣺡֪ˡ
ȸԾЦյͷ˵ˣȥϰɣ
ҿɲԲղԸС졣
ȥɣΪĸ׵ԵʣҲþܾ̾һܲĸܻ
ô˵ŲԸŲǰ˵Ϊĸ
һ˵ڴһ˵գˣ
㶨ӿ𣬴ʮҵͣǷʮӢ
ϣ˵ٱˣԺҪС㡣ղеģЩĿŰϣʮֲơ
ƺϰνЦЦգҸһǰ϶ϲģ
˵꣬϶һ߻˻֣һ߰һӵݵϵǰϽӹִ򿪣жʱҫ۵Ѥâ
Ϲ£ǵеõģմϿ϶˵꣬ȡϹ£ɫѤתŮ֮ѣ
صɴ۾ĿŰϣдŲ֮ɫҲ˵ϴû뵽
ؼ뵽һֲֿĳ̶ȡʮͣһ˵޽Уȴ֮١СҲ͵۹һƽǳصĴСϾǶ
ˣϿ˵ʱ¾ͻҷ
ĭۿǰƴӡʮͷϢɢ϶ܰȾԸӵĵز
ͬͣû뵽ϾȻҪλˡѹʱϵǰ
գҪҷһ죬ǵĻ¶һҫվŮĽĿСעգĿ顣ʹҲòϰϵɱһŮ˸޷Ĺơ
Σ΢΢ͰϷϢкϷӦŰϺһΪҾͻ޸㡣ҲŲҪ㣡
գҡϸ˵ʲôȴմϣߣҿûʱҫ㣬ߣ
˵꣬Ҳϣתʹ׼뿪
գȡϼҪ뿪粽ǰ뵲סգ·ȴ㵲סСȻϲ㣬ǾɧɡΪһˣķȻǱģ
ϼȻ˵ס΢΢üͷȵ
㲢ûΪĻ뿪ֱӰ˵ûʲô˵ġǰҫһΪǶСʲô뷨ǶС٣ҲһλģҲ̫СǶСĵֵջˡ
ǣҪҵ٣ôҲһϵľλոϽϵ˵һСŮƵģ߰ӿ뷢Ц
һԵȴ亹ֱðҪΪ顣ȱ˵ʵҪĺպսҲġοҪΪʵҲҪﵽ֮ǿʸ
ʲôˣҺ˵ķ𣿡ϲܶշŭȻйϡ
һССļҶССࡣ֪ʲộָ۾ŶԷ
һҶȻҲ죬˵ֱ꣬͵˹ȥ磬ƿ֮ɨ˹
һڵӿֵ˹ȥֻһ֮£һȵȫûеֵ֮ƣϣ㱻˳ȥӿɹѪҺ
ףߣϾ쿴һۣҲϡ
㣡û°ɣֲѪҺ㣬Ͻǰ㣬ԼɫѪҺ
ϿһĻȴŭգնԼмһˣȴΪһҶԼöԷѪҺŮ˻Լδܵˡ
գſϳȵ
Ҫܣŭɰϡ
㡭ŭĿ⿴˵Զ㣬󡻹ڰ߲ɣ
Ҫǲأ㶢Űϡ
Ҿ϶㣬һһ˵
ϧˣˣСҲҪ㡣ĵĿŰ˵
һ仰ȵϵʹţ漴һ˵ҪǱΪǲǾԸ޸ң
պһһܷΪҾԸ⿼ǣҪȻԺͱң
룬һڷΪֱǳ룬ͷĻòˡ
ãǾһ꣡϶գϣسŵ
ڰת뿪ʱͻȻһ֮ڣһһỹġ
ϱĵĿһ۵ҵ㣡ҷ֮գڣ
㶢ŰϣŰɱʮı飬˿´ٺͰϽ֣ɱԼ
ⲻġ㶢Ű˵
ǾĿԴ϶㣬ͻȻ־췢ĵҰ϶췢ģһ֮ҪǳɲԲ֮䡣
һƬȻһۿŰϣŵ޷ŰϻᷢһĶģһ֮ڱôܣ
ǣǵ𺳻û£һٴı𶯵ʹ췢ġһսϣʤ
㣡պصۿ㣬û뵽ȻŰһ¶ġսϣ𣿰ϿǺ׳ǵĴ֮һ
һ͵Ŀ㣬ϵĶģԸǾòܡ
Ͽһۣһ˵Զѡ
㵭˵ȢС㡣ⱲӶ޷ʵ֣
Ͽһۣһ۵Ǿ͵ſɡ
ת뿪ûһͣ
Ű뿪ؿЦһ˵㣬֪Եʲô㲻÷
ʲôˣһ˶ѡ㵭˵
ؿЦһϣҳӣʮһ̤֮ʮĳɽ˷ˣһ˶˵һɽķѡʮﵽ죬նɱһƵǿߣһս׳ǡ˺һθһȻСȴҲֳĿֲһʮꡣһǰãǰ׳ѧԺһ̸Ц硣Ļ䣬Ǵ׳ǵ˹ΪȫŰӣ
ʮˡ˭֪ʮﵽʲôΡ̶ȣѧԺǼҲˡȻҲ֮Ĳ̫ˡһҪ׷⡭
΢΢üͷĵҲ𺳲ѡû뵽ϻ˻Ի͵Ĵ
Ĭʱȴץ֣㣡㣡֮ڴﵽ֮ҲһܳԽ
ôһѣͬͣڴ߲Ǵﵽ֮Ȼʮﵽ֮һꡣǣֻ°
ԭĵأһġ
Ŵżְοעգ΢΢ЦЦյ˵СİɡҲ޸ģ
ţʹĵͷ



112 ֻҪ
һǿĶִ֣档㶼ðпһ֮ڱʱѵռ޹ȥɣ
㿴ǰഺĻСŮˣȻԸһĻһл˵ǵøϽųɣ棬һ볬ȴҲܡΨһܽľˣ׵ɣʵˡ
һɵףƷ֮ࡣʱҲӦȥסƽ׵磬ڴʱ˵Ѿˡ
ģȥףһ䣬
ųĬ˼㣬д顣ǰҶΪκΣյ飬ΪκΣյԡմδ˶ˡ
ڼ˸³˴ʱ΢΢һ˵ôͳˣ
ؿЦһ漴Ŀת㣬ѷһи
ȻͰͬʱһԣͬ͡漴̾һ˵һһ塣ôܺ
ͬϣĻЦЦ˵ŲȾѣ񡣵ҲûбҪ
ĻĿһۣû뵽һҶ˰˼롣
˵ʲô˵ͷȻԼ飬ǾŬɡأǼʹǧ䡣ͷǰȥ
ǣ󲮣ص˵ͷŴżֲԸ󲮾ˣٲԸҲҪȥ
ˣȥɣЩҪȥر߽磡µĻǰ֪ͨӻȥ
үȵȣתϽ
ţתͷ㡣
֪ܷүΪһ飿ʵ
˵ͷȹܵҶʮкøеġںͰϵ飬ҲԸ롣ʵ԰ӡǲģСС˳ɾͣգղϲһֱӦѡ
ԸĲ֮飬˵뷨ǾͷԼκɡ
ܷүҴһõԼҪΪϢȻҪǿܶࡣ
һۣȻ֪ʲôԸ⡣ֻСʵѵ֪Ǿһ
ҼסˣһģҲȰ㣬ȻԷηģӦóȫΪһǰηˡ
лүлһźһ뿪

뿪ȥ׼ΪҲϤ͸
һֱҸߵԼ䣬㻹̲סһҪ뿪ˡ
䲻ҵİ㿴գֹһΪҵءҵķ䣡תҪ뿪ˡ
С㣡ҪҪȥɨһķ䣿Ҳ֪ƭ˭ŬĲ۾עա
ֱֱĿ㣬ãڿ󱳶Ҫӿ亹ʱˣŲſڵӡ
һϲ̤յķ䡣
ռĹ뷿˿ûΪɨ˼ֱֱĶԼյ̲ס˲㲻ҪΪҴɨ𣿿ȥ
ŮĨŵ糺죬ۺ콿촽Ǳ¶ЩŵģԲ˶˵ıӰ󳨿ˣ¶СƬ֬֫Ửؼ֬ļͨϸ׵ľ峺ģŮߣɢŶеĺջ
鲻Խץסת׼뿪յֻ֣塣ձץֱۣ΢΢һ漴Ż΢΢͸ŷۺ죬ĵ۾ŷƳһ۵ܻƭҮ
̫ɾҴɨˣ˵˵ˣ
ƵգðźˮܸоĽšǣվȻ˵ͷһ
տôܸоɢ˽Ŀգܰտף΢΢͸Щɫ͹µţ޳ֱĳֱĿռڣ˸оյջ
żƳۿ㣬һ˲ʱ㣬¶Ůߵ̬쳣ģżֻҡ
תӣ˵𶯣лҳҰĨ
ռ֣ƵĶܣܵһͣ۾ëһһģʮˡ
ۻͬ֬գ鱦ƵģĿֱֱĶգյĽëüˣӾͨһӣ촽ɢ˹ͬ͸ˮһ鲻ԽҪҧһڡ
촽˿˿ϢɢЩƲס鲻ԽԴǸоˣ΢΢˽СֽסĽšȴûſĽëܻߵĻ͵ĸ£סյ촽
˾ٶӳ׽ӲֻܽӲĽĴࡣ
糺죬ȵϢ絽УЩҡڴ˵㣬鲻Խķŵյ䣬˳յļϡ廬дУ鲻Խƶ
еգûзľٶŮ˵ϤѾϢԴհˡ
һ·Ҷϣܿʹµ⣬뿰һգ㸲ʱ򣬻Դհ׵հһʹק֣׼Ҷ彩Ӳ
հͬʱʱͬҽһΪİ촽ҧһ¡ϽɿգŵĴļʹ
ûҮק֣˫ˮ͸ƵˮܿеļҺȡ
оίˣҪֻ֪ץһ¾ͻᱻҧһڣ˵ʲôҲȥץ
һͷָָ촽Щֲ˵Ž
㻬ģһЦһã
ǿѪ촽ְ㴵˵ĺ𣿡
о촽Ϣоʹһ룬ΪִȻʹĵͷ
հĴţ漴źߵô
˵꣬ոպľٶϾĨһ˵糺죬޺޵ĵһ۵ҪҾ͸ߵ
ɫգȻְձڻУ˸ոһĻ㣬ٲ
ѹյķ˿Щ̰յϢձ㱧ţվûɵ㻳ͻȻ˵㣡ԺֻҪ㱣ң
żᶨԣ


113 ֮
㣡촽ôˣ㱻ҧƵ촽ɻʵ
ˮҧһڣشܸܲҧģҪȻҪˡ
ˮҧ촽ش㵵Ŀ㡣
Ҳ֪̫һЩͼˮ̫촽ʱ򣬲Сҧġ
޷⵽ôһ£ЦЦ˵Ҫ֪͵ԷˮҧԼһá
㵣Ļ׼ûô˵ˡܣˮǶСǸˮԺвɻ˵ǾԵĻһŮһ˵ֻҪ㱣ŶԷ⣬ͬ˵ΡŮˣҪһŮӣ
ؼͻȻĬ㣬漴˵㣡ǰȥμӼʹǧᣬ˵ʲôҲˡҪ棡
ţɻĿء
ؿЦһҸȻǽ൱ڰˡڹ嵱Уһ򲻰ҵ顣ҪǴ󲮵Եʣ¸ǲܴˡ
صĻŻȻ漴Цүֺα˵ۡĹ壬һʣԼĻԻͣӡҫĽǲԱΪ˭㲻ѡѡǽŬĴԻ͡
бҪ˶ԱΪһҳӦΪһǰİǱ˵Ա
һ㶣漴˵㣬ǰһֱΪʲôʱȹ廹壬ˡ
үˣҲһССҶѣ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲôһҶ˵Ҷݶûһ˿˵Ĳ⡣ҪȻôܾ˵ϣؿԡ
ү߰ɣЦЦҲ㵽Ϊֹܲȥˣ
ʹƺں׳ȻûʲôʵȨκһ嶼׵ΪʵĹԱҪǵڻʵǰ磬˵ԺӾͲùˡ
ԼʹȻԺգǺ׳ǵĹ嶼ӣǰΪǧף
𾡹Ϊڳƺļ췶ΧڣҲǰףأǾͿ֪εô
ϵʱȫӰһ崩ûֻи
뵽װݻⱦ̻Ի˸оҡ
ؽȥ󣬰Ӵˣһط
غ㻹ûãĶ߾һӣþòˣ
ؿһŮüͷ΢΢漴װһЦݿ֣֣֣λþò
ֺþûһμˡˣ㸸׵ôˣ֪ûУ۾㣬˼Ǻĵѯʣȴǵ̬пҫ̬
һȺ˵ǣΪʲôԸˡ
лҹģҸһаãص˵־̬֮
ҲǵģôòôҲҪǺϼˣȵҽһ˸ʶǿһλھȦҲʮеλĴڡΪ׵﹫ЦĿ㣬صļǴŵЦݣҫ̬¶ɡ
صɫʮѿݵλҪύϲĹȦȻǲܵġԷˣںݺݵļ̤ϡ
֣ȵֺһ˵ھΪҽʦ㸸׵ǵ﹫ЦĿأһΪģ
ŽקģѾ˿ҪԵأҡҡͷֻܳ˵λλûȤλûĻǾ뿪ɡ
﹫ӱôһ˵Ŀת㣬´һ㴩Ųһ˭˵ķ𣿡
ЦЦ˵СһֻŵıˡҲʶʲô
һ˱ôһ˵ʱѣһۿ㣬﹫ӸЦǲʶѵʶ𣿡
ȻʶǾͽҿ㵭˵ǲм
úõţ﹫Ŀ⿴һһ˹ȥ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥڲԶһȦӣȦһ꣬߸ϣΧĹӵֺܶƵġ
㿴﹫ߵȻЩϥ˵˼䣬˵֮ĵ΢΢üͷվ
﹫ӴЩĿأλǾӣ֮ӡ
û뵽ԷȻһ֮ӣѾʮԺˣȻҲкľλǾٴһҲȲ϶ԷףοѾĸס
ʲôˣЩͷĿغ˵
﹫Ӽѿݣ֮ɫŨǺ֮ӣ㹻ˡ﹫׼ҫһ˳һغʱ
Ƕߴ˼㣡أô
һתͷȥĸ֮ޣһڹӵܶÿ˵·ż־ηĽעˡ
ĸܱ߷·һλҫһڹӵܲұӣʹλӵĺ֮ӣֱͬĿ⡣
﹫ӵɴ۾ǣԭΪֵһӵܣȴǾηѵ֮ӵеļ򣬴Ц˵֪ҲӦõһˡ
һƬȻĿֱˡ˵ʲôݣȻΪ֮ӵ˶Դ
Ҳ֪ЦЦû뵽ǡǰҪȻҪʩչһЩֶνЩˡ
ʲô鷳𣿡ɻĿ﹫ӵˡ
֮ӼôܣɵһԼˡʲôݣϵĺ׳֮Ķӡں׳žĵλ׳Ϊ۹Ĵ֮һ︸׵һݱĸҪ粻֪ٱཻܺеˣ򵥵ˣ
ӵϣǰЩֺõĿ˵׼ǰʶһӺӡ
ţɻĿ㣬ȴ͡
СҲûʲôȤʼûᡣ
ˣҲӣվһ̸ЦһȺ˸ӡ
ִܵɫ˱䣬ʱ﹫ǰոԼΪˣ̲ס
˵꣬Ͱ뿪Ҳ﹫ӵˡ
﹫ӵ˿ź̸ЦأпЦѣ˭֪һô֮ܺС


114 Ķ
ؿǱ˵﹫ӵˣоʮֽüһҲ֪ǱֵܣȫԵʡҪȻԼͽ˶Է۾غȻ㻹湻ͨģ֮ȦӶȥ
ȻעǱעӵġͬߵغҲߣһ˵ݡصݵǺ֪ܶȴúܶ˸оأ֪ðˣ˶Դ
żеЦЦҪ֪һҶݣ֪ǻ𣿡
ѣûûεĺٺЦǿ϶ܶңұƭˡ
ʼ磬ΪмĿһƭҲƭ㣡԰ɣٻ㣡
ٻ㵣û뵽ĻôͻȻתƵϣϾˡ㻰˼ǣƭҲҪƭԼٻ޺޵ĵһۣϵĺһŤͷٴ㡣
ٻһŹǶֻӣ峺ͬ峿ɾֳһʮֺ·͹µչ¶ţ;ﶼԵʮˣ͸һֵİ˼ϸŵȻ̬·𲻴һ˿һ˼̻ζ˳Ⱦ
Ůɺ˼ˡŮٴԼЩΣȻ˧ĲҾ徵ˣҲӵһˡ
ĵʱԶһӰעĿãҲתͷ˹ȥǵɱ԰صİ̲סһҺԼߵĺܽں׳һֱҸ׳ǵƿȨͬͬҹȥںôټϵˣԺСһ㡣
˼Ȼ棬ɻʵϺͰʲôϵ
ﾪȵĿ㣺֪ϣǰĴ磬ں׳ڴʮʹﵽ죬Ҫ㱻ں׳һһʱҪĻԶ룬˼ʹҶǡݵλѾĲҸһĲΣֵܺҲҸһ
Ĵ磡һʲôݣ
׳һλ԰һλҺԼһֱƿأҶĺôͻȻ԰ңȤˣ㲻Ǹһ˰ɣ۾㣬ҪϵĴ𰸡
ЦЦĬĲ²⣬ﵹһû뵽˴󵨣ĸ
㣡ԺжԶӶԶɣ˵õĳλǿߵĴУȻ֪ǲģǴ˷пġ˺ΣգòҪֱ潻档㡣
˵ʱѾͰ϶ˣ˵ʲôûˣҪֻŬʵѡ
ȣҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô
԰أԼҺͰҶôˣͻȻʵ
԰ؿһۣҲûεϺƽȴļҲΪʹԵʣҶԸʵȨӡ󡣡
˵ͷϾûһʵɣϾͶȻüʹ̫Ȩƣĳӣʵ۱ôá
ܼҺԼͬѹƣҲΪԭ
ʹﻹ𵽺ܴãҪȻ׳ǾԲڵƽ૵˵
Щʲô԰ɻĿ㡣
ЦЦ԰˵ҲҲˬһ׸ô
԰Ļ΢΢ЦЦûзϡȻҪͰҿ⻹ԶԶ
԰û⣬Ҳûм˵ʲôĿ⿴ϣΪԼǴȵˣϼȻѪȻҪȡһʲôꡣ
˼ʲô취ðҳһʱȴĿⶼתһ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥʱͬʱ·٩Ůˡ
ڴһһṲ̊Ų߳ͻأֵŮˣһӺݵۣ֮µؽǳһ㣬͸ģںڵ糤Ĵɢ£ֱϸ֮䣬żҰԡ紺ֱı޵ĺ촽ز߸ͦ𣬱Ľ㽫޳ȱ͵Уҷǳ£۾žܸо˵ջԣϿͷǶΰķ۾һŤһŤĳڴһҰԵջɢĿ鲻ԽĶϣһۿȥܼԭʼ뷨
ĿŮջأĿ⿴һŻְɴ㵣û뵽߰ϲĻҰ欵Ůˡ
һҲϲ㣿
ȻһЦû뵽ְãϻйͬԵġȥϲ⣬ϲŮٸ
ɬԼŮ˵ĳ죬֮䵹ŲٵĲ࣡
ȻҲǼɫˣŮ˳֣ҲͰһȺż־ִٵɫŮ߹ȥ
Ů˴һֿʼ߾ͻڵӣǰȥЩ˻Ǹÿһ·
Ů˶ʮϤǰ¶һЦݣĻ֮Ҳˣ
˼ŬƽϢ˼ӿڴȡһ׭һֱҪźá
ŮȻ֪˼ЦЦֽӹɻĿһ˵׭еķ׭Ǻǣ˵ĵһУˡ
ȻŮ˷׭ûˤڵϡһͬĿСӻ湻׳յġŮ˵һҲЩֵƵķ׭õĶࡣ
Һϲлл㣡Ů˿ŵһֱתСƨʱҲɳԼҵ㣬Ǻܻϲġ
ҹȥʶһôŮ˵
Ů˺ЦĵͷﲢķֹŶݣ
߹ָ˵㣬ءλҡ
ﻹû˵꣬ͱŮ˽ӹ㣬Ķ
ĶЩȵĿأû֣µĸˡ֪˼˵Ȧˡ
Ķһ˽ܣЩ漴ųĶ˵ľͲ׼һ˿𣿡
Ķû˱΢΢һ֮ĿתżͣˣҸκ˻ᣬĻҪԶԶǿڱˡǣŮҪҵˡϣɱɵһ졣һֱע㣬ע⵱СܵܡеĳɾͣҺܿġ
Ķ˵ͷ΢΢ЦЦ˵㶮ʱӵŮ˵飡
˵꣬ĶһЦЦתǰȥӦףˡ


115 Ϸ
ԭأǸ欵Ů˴߲еİεı¶עЦһһֱ֮ӵݣʲôܵõǣõȴԶҺܣȴҪġܣȴɾ룡
԰غ·ʹļĳѾʶܶˡÿһΣﶼҪһʱ䡣ѾҲοĻˡ
￴԰غ·һۣ漴Ŀ⿴ʵ㣡ǲǺˣ˼Ṇ̀Ǹһ᣿
㿴ԴҪ׷Ů˻ΪˡĶŮˣȻ˸һĴڡǺԼҪʲôŮˡǰ㣬Ҫ㶨ѡ
治Ǿ䡮Ҫҵһˡʲô˼бҪһ
ʲô˼￴ʵ
Ҳ´ֱ˵ҪһƨɺˣҪԼ˼룬Ҫһصˡ㣬̫ɬ㲻һСƨܵܶѡ
Ļ˵ʮֱ¶ʹ԰ص˶϶סڣûܹ˴ܲˡ
԰ص˵ʼͣ
һĿ⿴Զ֣ŴɢĻĳĶһ˵߰ɣ
˵꣬Ŵȥ
԰صһۣһڳĶ󣬰ͲþôһһξȻܺô뿪
ˣ԰صȴʮָˡһʼǾͲΪǸŮˣҪܷĻòˡ
ȻҲûʲôȤ׼뿪ͬһߡ
ѽⲻǵܹôô׼ߣСᣬ㲻Ȥ𣿡Ӱǰżֵ٩ϲĶʲôܣ̲ͬסһ
ΪĶЩԣʱͬǰǣ̲סŭȡ
ǵܹ߳ŭˣҿûϴҴԼһһôҲҪһسͬдż
ĵĿһͬ˵Ǽʹĵ̣Ҫб£ԿҿɲԽԽ󣡡
ͬĻɫ˱䣬ʹǴʱڼƻһ£ǲΪԼԵø׵ļƻܵӰ졣ͬһҲԣ쿴ڳСϣͲƽϡҳỹġ
ĵĿͬһۣں׳Լ˭һתȥ
ڼ˲ͬ뿪ʱ򣬰Ŀȴϣϴμ㣬Ϊһҵӵܡû뵽ȻһССļҶЦǣȻҺҴԼһ֮սأӦ˵㲻֪
Ļ˼һƬȻһۿ㣬һš
еһҶһݣңҶͺͺ׳ΪŵİԼһ֮սǼٵģ
΢΢ЦЦŰ˵Щ飬ܻ֤ģʱ֪Ӧöһˡ
ȷϣڵ˶ۿ㡣Ȼ֪ܺͰϲͷҲû뵽һ֮Լ
ǺǣҲǣҾ͵ſҴʰ㣡۾㡣
ǲʰҲ֪ȴ֪ʱ϶ʰ㣡˵꣬Ӱ͵һƺݺݵĳ
žһİڴ˵Ŀⶼתһ㶵һĻ
֪ݵˣһͲѡû뵽ΪҶ㣬Ȼһӵ֡˲ˮ
ĻһñâϧһŰ˵һ䣬ȫԣҸҲɱ֮ǰɱ㣿
㡭
Ķ㣬עӵȴһĻ˵
ĻһͬĬҶ湻ġ
Ķͬû뵽֣½ܵ˻һҶͬʱ־᲻Ӧó飬ǰ˵ƢΣ
￴˳Ķһۣ漴ֿһ۰ʵҲ
Ķһ㶣⻹һξܾĶһۣ̾һǲǻ˵̫ˡ׼ǰȰʱȴתͷ΢΢һЦ漴ݵĿ˵߰ɣ
˵ͷ漴ͳĶһһ˾һ뿪Ҫǰ߸ҶΪʲôû
Ķŵһǰ뿪ƺЩӦˣֱ߳߷ΧŸоȷʵһЩ
ͬһ˾Ŀ뿪ոĳδӦ˭Ҳû뵽һССļҶƼĵط˺󣬴ݵͬʲôûһ뿪

߳󣬲ɶ԰ЦЦ˵㵱˵Ҫ㸸Ϊ𣿺ǺǣǸˡȥ㸸ףҼҶݲĻԸһ塣
԰û뵽ôͻȻðһ仰Ͼ͸˵ĵͷӦһҸġ
԰شΪΪոյﰲҪһɽôˣҲ˭ɽʱͻȻ˵ض뷨԰زòϣЩ˵У뷨˿͸ġ
ţɣ㿴԰ءһҲǰ״ҪľǰסȻʱԸ˰ϣǾ͸Сһ°Ұɡ㲻Ϊ̵סԸлȦ
ΪԼʵĹңȴԼǰĻۣŸַҡ
Ҳǲ뱳һȨͷԼϣֻҪԼҵϣź԰˵ôһ仰
㣡ʲô㣬Ȼܲ²ĵ԰ʲô
ǿϷͺˣ۾дš
ЦһҲѯ㣺µĻԽҰæ
һҪǰæ׵ĻһЦ
ף˿һۣ漴ɫصĵͷļ˵һü̽ġ



116 Ի
԰һص׳ǣΪ׳ǵһӳǣȻȲϺ׳ǣͬΪ׳̶ۡȱѧԺĶǻҪǿ֡
壡㿴ǰŵӣĺһ
ãԻǰ꣬¶ʻʮ͵ģԱһվԱߵ԰أĶӺͶԷһġ
ɣ˵԰߶㡣׭ʿͻĲԻƵЦЦ˵ǰ԰Ҫֵܣܾˡ
һССļҶҸ壡ԡЦ˴ҪʵҪæҲüǰ塣
ԻڰֵӢ۲ʳҵ汲ҲƽѣûʲôʲʵģҪӵһŰ۲ĵģҲһ̵ֱ԰صģ岻һݣһʺƷ񣡡
ҪȻᾪ㵱Ի˵Ļغϡ
ԻϤĻǰŵҲ˼־壬Ĺ塣ԭԻΪҶݶĵʧһɶ
Լǣֻǲ֪˴ܷһæ㿴Իʵ
˵ԻЦ
ҹһȨñӡ㵭˵вɸֳϡȻͰվ˶棬ǾӦǧټƵֹҪǱһȨñӣǶȻӰ찲Ͻǵ۹ߵκһ˿覴öӰڷ⡣
Ի仰͵վһλԼͬѳǡʵ۱Ҳһֱûж˭ǳҪǰܱȨñӣǳλÿ϶ġֻϼһСץһ˿ѱ
Լ޷κεǼһʲô취
岻ңҲЩͣʮͻϲЩ۾
Ǻǣ˵˵ļƻһλǺﾫţССѵɣԻ΢΢ЦЦ㣬˿Ļɡ
ҡҡͷҴһʼûҪƵǰүǺﾫȴȲ
Իһ㶣漴ŹֵĿ˵̫Ҳ̫ǿƣѡҪưˣǺ԰ز࣬һСӣƵʲôã
ҲѹԻô룬ȥɱ԰أҪǷλϣȻǴ¡СϣȴǵĴ˿ûá
Ͼȥɱ԰Ҳû֤ݣ߾֤ݣҲ˵˵֮һ仰ܰӰ콵С
ҪҵĻһΣֻҪ򵥵飬ҲûʧҪǳɹĻȴĺôǳλÿ϶ͷϣǵѹһͷ㿴Ի˵
Իǰ꣬޷ģԻ˵˵
ԼҺͰȻϱƽǰȴӿԼҺͰҰϰɣ˵
ԣ
Ȼͨ˲֪Ǻ׳ǵĸĵĻͬܺܿɡ
ԣ
Իϣ΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҿ壬⼸ͰʹҶԸԼңҲͼΣ
ţԻɻĿ㡣
ֻͼѣʧǶȻҲڿɳܷΧڡȻҪóܲˣĳ÷׭ΣЦ˵
Իô˵ЦͲҪҵˣʧҪ㲹ĻҾûˡðɣҾʹӦ㣬ڵһڹꡣ
ͷһϲ漴Ի˵оҪڰҵΧҪһУ֪Ҫ𣿡
ҪиʲôԻɻʵ
׭УҪѷֵ꿪˿Ρ
ǣѡ񰲼ҵΧǲǵű𣿡Իü㡣
Ҿǿðҵģ
仰Ի֪㵽ʲô
ֻҪŪĶҺá
ȻҪҾͰŪɣһһŪġԻЦ
Цŵͷ˾鷳ˡһǣпһƺʹòˡÿһϷ
Ի仰΢΢ĬһȻ֪Ҫưңʱгƺ޷Ǿ֤ѡԻĵǣֶδӣʱ͵ʴסƺһ۾ͿԼⷽƵģǾ鷳ˡ
ģҪǲ룬ָʾͳƺϵõǰȥ롣ͺûϵˡȻҲ뵽ϡЦ
㲻ûԼ룬Ҷݻǲʺϣ԰صĻͽԻûʲô𣬻ԻأشһЩ
Ի룬뵽ȷʵкͳƺϵеһˣʱȥǣԸ˵Լ϶˵ģͲйϵˡʱˣҲ뵽ͷϡ
ţʱʹᵽġԻ˵
ǾллˣͿϷˣһһϷģЦ
ҾڴĺϷˣԻЦЦҲ̫ϣһ̫꣬Լġ
ԻˣҲûм˵ʲôһе֪ˡˣ㻹мĵõġ
棬ɲһ꣬һɫȮǰꡣ
԰أ߰ɣ԰˵
԰ͬɻʲôȴͬڴֶΣϣܸҿһñӣ˵ĻĸҲ֮λ


117 ƿʼ
ԻһʮˣڲһʱͰ׼ˡȴڲ׭ȻǸҵģǳ湤Ҫλġ
԰ص׼£˾һǰС
鶼λ˰ɣ۾԰ء
԰ص˵ͷʮֲʵ˵еŰҵģΪʲô˴ĵŪ˾֪˶ʱǵðˣֵ𣿡
΢΢ЦЦǵԽѵԽ࣬ԽҪģðҵ
԰޷˼룬Ŀһ㣬Դ˵ӣε˵㲻ҽһ𣿡
ЦЦ׼԰˵̫ࡣ԰صĶϾУҪʲô֪ˣǵʱȻ̬Ҫ˶óƺ߾Ͳ̫ˡ
ƺ𣿡ʵؼһ
ţѾˣʱӦУ԰˵
ȻˣҲȥɣЦЦ߽ȥ
УѾŲˡǵĹ԰ص룬ȻԸ߽Щ˵УǴ˴ȴҪֻ֡ʦݳϯʦݣֻ뵽԰æġ
԰վڳģһڹ˵лλǰμп䣬ĶԳɽ۸ľŻݡллңʦǰһݷ׭
һ²Ĺ壬ǰ˵һݷ׭׭׷׭ЩүүõϢһλү׭֮ЧҾͲϸϸ˵ˡӵ׭㾡ĸ֪ӿ첽֮׷׭ǻǴ壬Чһݾһǧİɣ֮һǧ΢
ǧ
Ļո£һӾ˷ܴ󺰵ѾͣʮƷߺþˣǸ֪һֱδͻƣ׭˵ͻƵһ졣
ǧ
ǧ

ͬ״˲ν̶࣬ʱ䣬һݷ׭һļ۸
һӼ۵ٶȲЩȻҪǲÿһ˶ᣬǹ壬һҲǴĿһЩС˵е
һǧһӺĿȵעеķ׭
һ壡ӾĵСʱһһֱûͻȻɫΪ֮һ١
һˣһҧ
򣡡Ǹ
壡͵վۿһᡣ
ǸȻûй˼ɵӵŭ𣬵غ
һƬȻû뵽ԷȻ˼۸񡣷׭Ȼ󣬿ȴҲֵһǷ˰ɣܹúܶĶ֮
ȻϤǰȻôͳŲסǰ֣ҡҡͷĵԼǸ߿֪Ӧ԰صģ㵽˷Ǯˡ
Ѷ͸һŰĿˡԱߵ̴˵
̴ӵ˵ͷȡеķ׭һŰȥ
ǰȥɵڶݣһҽƷ׭ȻȲϵһݣȴǵڶ
ҽƷ׭ʱһŰͻȻһŭȣһҲҪ
һ£ԭȥ̴ӷ˳ǹɹѪҺӿ
ӹ̴ӣȻ֪ôһǿԷôݣ̲סһץֱߵķ׭һ̴ӵϣ׭಻ıϣһڹ۵ĿһĻ޲ץסֹһͼ˶ѣô˶ķ׭
һķ׭£̴ȻûȫãȴվһڹЩ׭µ֪ЩҽƷ׭ЧҲܾˡ
Ը˰̴ӷߺ漴Ŀ⿴һŰᣬʱ԰ҲߡһЩжϣһҲ⣬֪ҳˡط԰еˣԷ湻еġ
ǿվǰʱһ˲ȻǰҵΧһͬĿ԰أҺԼҲͷǵλȻҲͷʱλӽ棬ڰҵĵϣҪֵôŹ֡
԰أ㵽ҰҵĵϿУûʹͬⲻͬ⣿Ӱһ̴ӣȻб
ЦҿҵУҪͬ𣿡԰غһ
ҲͬҲУϰҾ㿪ȥ԰ЦҪȻҾУ
ӺôİʱվǰһŰЦͲ³㣿
ǰ㣬еŨһ澡ʧ޲ðǰһʬΡ
֣챾үͻɱ㣡ע㡣
𣿡۾Űǲм
ƣ˲ܳߣΧУ˵û£ҰҵĵϣҪ׾١
㿴ŰΧĸ֮ͷһϲȴ˿ûб¶ŭ벻үǰԵȻɳĸ֮ԸҡΪκε𣿡
Ҹߵ˵ܲɱ㣿Ŀ㡣
Ļ԰һ֮ͷҲϲ֮ɫĿⲻ͵͵ĿһλáүǴʲôٺ١
үҹĿ࿴Ϊ˰ԼҸϳǣ˽¶ԼϾɱʱǰԼɳǰնɱҺ԰أѵ㰲ΪǼҵĲɡЦ
ԼҸϳǣǾǰҵġ˿˵
䡭԰ظоԴһ£仰϶ŭգ˿ȴϲѡ԰زͬĿŰȫǱǣűߡ˵仰û˾֣԰ͬ˵㰲ҸϳȥǾԼҡĻǽ첻ͬ԰صĿⲻٴ޵תһλá
үɳҲΪˡ㵭˵ñֱӿڰүϡ
˿֪Լ׻һҸȻΪ㣬ҪģҾĺÿһ㡣
һһ⣬̲סŭգһαװóΪ˾նɱ֮㡣
ǾԿɣһûмװĻ㵽ΪֹˡҪȻ̫ԵĻǳƺϺġа˵ЩԼԼЩ˵İţðڳƺһӡˡ
֪һ̴˵ңˡ


118 
ڰĻ£һʼУ԰ػ˲پװεУ˲ͷֱЦĿһĻǴżֵ⣬ЩǰԼҵĲҵܸǣ˭ǰԺվҲ۾һЩ
ҵĲ࣬Ŀٴתϣɱ
ǣүĸ㣬裬ͼ۶
㣡Сģ԰ͷ󾪺
γе˹ȥĽƱƿ͵һתܿҪ
λЩķӦٶȣ׼ǰʱһŭ𣺡ס֣
дϣһ˶ĤЩʹĸ鲻ԽͣĿתһΪŵӣͷ΢΢һɣ͵ˣҪٲ֣Լ˾Ҫͷˡ
һ£뵽ǣǰҵΧ֮ǵ˭˺ȵɱˣ
ʶƺȴİסŰүʱƺͷͬʱҲҳ֡
Ÿʲôȥɱְ˴ŭһĳ裬ֻжԷϴˢ
ССͣȴ벻ôײСүʱô̳һƺںɱˣɳߵ
ү飡õ𣿹ȻȥμӹĶᣬȴδƺϳƺ׳ǲãδʵȨȻʶֻһ׳ǵĹѡܳ׵ĴڣʱһĪҲֹȻ
ߣƺ鲻ԽһΪʹȻûʵȨ˭ӣһСκȹҵҪҹ
ųƺûЦԭΪոյƾ㹻óƺ԰Ҳˡû뵽ȻԳƺ˺ȫ֮ϲǳƺǶ԰Ҳϲˡ
׼ǳƺǸϽǰ˵Ǽʹˣ
һѣɫһ漴¶־ţۿǰĳƺں׳ǵôر뵽ո˵Ļ;ٶɫǺѪɫȻõ
壡ҡ
׼˵ʲôȴƺϵҿɲ塣ӵҸոռʶˣԶԶȲ㡣
ƺĻѣ˭֪ƺǰһʫѧʿһѭ浸ǵˡԼոҵɱ˵ľٶڱвʲôڳƺУȴǴɡǶԼӡ˼㡣
ģôŭһȴû˿İ취
ҪɱˣҪСƺŰдǿҵĲϲ֮ɫ
ڰ亹ֱֱðʱһŭ洫˽ҹ£
£һӰվڰǰһƳ˰ϣ˿û飬˲
磡վǰӣû뵽һ谮Ĵ˺ĳһơ
͸ѪҺİɫ࣬ŭȵ£
Ȼʣ£òȥ
ܵһƬǽ壬Լƺ̾һЩԼ԰ҵĹã԰ڰΧУԼȻѸ׵Ҫȥ͸о鷢û뵽ûüֹѾ´ˡ
Ͽǰɫ̫ÿĳƺ΢΢һЦǺƵЦóЦˡԣǿʤ˴ζлĹ̡ܽ
ϵĻòˣһ仰Ͷλ˲£ϲǿʤϡǰҵƵĸɸɾ
ƺź׳Ǵ֮һİϣİϻǼкøеģʱܹܵܣ컯֮ɱⲻһеı֡
˵ļǡлл̵϶Űһ
ڵϣôûгܹ˴ίı£ڵ˸߰ͷ­л̵
԰һԿѪڣûоһ϶־Ȼڵϣһôˬ飿
֪찲ľٶ϶ƺºܻӡ󣬵ҲֲֻܾҲֵܱ̫ԡ
ƺɨ˰һۣ漴ܵǽһ۵㸸׺úùܼһܵܡ
˵꣬ƺٿһۣ˻ʹ뿪
ģҶȻĻתס鰲ҺܱǸȻԼҵǸ˵
ƺ˰֣Ҳ֪ûȥ˾ͳС
ϼƺ뿪Ŀת԰غϣھĵȴеĹ嶼ɢ˵һ治
۾Ű˵ȻѡˣҪûһֶΣ㿴ˡ
ϺһѵΪСֶξֹҷɣ
ô֪أЦ
Ǿ͵ŰɣСļѾˣһҪ۹ӭȢƺֱֱĶ㡣
ܱǸһŬɲģǵһѡ۾ųƺ
Ͽһ۵ϵİϣһһ䣺ߣ
磡ǡʱƣŭյͬʱҲԸŹ㡣
ûᰲҪǴʱɱ԰أðɱˡƺû߶ԶҪ˿ɱ԰أǽ뱻
ߵſڣͻȻתͷ㣬һһ˵ҵ㣡ͼϣ
˵꣬ŤͷʧС
ߣһϣǾĿԴ˭ϡ
㣡ҹĿ࿴һУͶеԻЦ߳һ̾
ͬû뵽һôѡԷ֣֮߳ټϰϱ׳Ļȫͬˡ
ˡƺȥ󣬿϶һЩ岽ÿ϶óƺĵֻЦЦ
һԵ԰أϳ鰲һ⿪ʼƣڵĲƣò˼ݡҪǣһпֲ֮ۼܸóƺŰΪȨѾӼ߰ˡ
壡سƺʱǰǣҪǡ΢΢һЦһ顣
Իһ㶣漴Цô飬ҪҪǰϾ۶ǲ
ȻǴˣҲƣ֪ԻľɱͷĴǻǲҪĺá
԰ػҪСֵ꣬Իļ򣬡㶼ЩҲʮˣЩϺϼһˡ
ЦЦûлش𡣰˰һڰϷ·϶һʯͷҪǶʯͷԻʱܲǳҪƺˣľЩˣ
ҪڰϳΪ·϶¸ʯͷʵǱزٵһ֡ʵվϺܶࡣ


119 Ϣ
Ǻķչֻ֪ΪϴһֵԵʣһаҲûȥ鷳ں׳ǵǣٴζһУһڰҵΧڡ
ȻеҲû̫ģһֱ԰˷ܵڴ
ٴλصǵ㣬ողջͷ·ٻ档
ô˳𣿡֪԰ȥҪȴ֪ʲô
ЩǾ֪ˡ˵д䶯Ҳ˵ЦЦ
ɻĿһ㣬˵ʲôϾͰ˼תƿǸһϢġ
ţɻ󣬲Ͼ͸˴󺰵ҵˣ
·Ȼһٲ³ε˵ѵͲżһ𣿡
ѾŬԼˡôװҲ޿ɳԽĴ˵ǵ̣ҺѸǽ͡ȸɣ
úܲˣŤͷĵĻһֱöԸˣ͵ñȶԷķӡãԼԶܳǰˡ
ԷԱŤͷҲٴˣһ˵ԲܳЦ˵ϡ
ʵ
ʼ磬һԵٻ˵ңϢٻģ
һ㶣û뵽һŮ˻ǰȥ׵Ϣתͷٻ㣬ﲻ֣ʮ浾Ľ˸оһ̲ƽˮż΢紵𲨹ԵΨ
ٻ㿴İźۣϸͬеľӨָɢгһ᣺ҸżȻõһϢ֤һȷùȥοһ£
ӹһŮ漴򿪿˿һͼ
ͼɻʵ
Ұ㿴׾׳ǲԶĴԭϡͼϵĺǵʱ׳ֹĵص㣬ھص㣬ҪԼѰˡҸҲֻ֪šٻ˵
˵ͷѵͼסĿֱֱĶٻ㣬Ů˲ˡ
лˣ㿴ٻ㣬漴ЦЦ˵һҪĻԿġ
ٻ㱻ֱֱţ־صͼȴ
ңٻ㽿ע㣬峺żաһﻹĺǷ飬˱˶ҵϷˡ
ֱٻ㣬˵Ҫǻ׵ϢĻٸҡ
ٻ޺޵ĵһֻۣεķ
ٻˣɺȻһЦѾٻҪܾˡ
ʲôʱ·㣬֪϶Ǵˡ
ϣ˵ֻһʱ䣬һڸϰϣʱ䲢㣬׭Ѿ˲٣ʱó㹻ˡǼ壬ʱɣʱ塣
ţͷ
˸һߵſ̲סͷٻ˵Ҫ㾭ңĻῼ㡣
ž
ٻһ仰û˵ֱץſڵıӣ޺޵˹ѵԶһЩŮҲ浾ԭҲǻᷢġ

ԺԶ㣡Щٻƺ·޺޵˵
ĵͷҲôģߵ̫ᱻٻ㣬ΪСôģҪҲӦõġ
ٻٴץӣϽ˵𣡡
ٻһ±ӣһٴλָŰٻ㣬ٻЩæµ
ٻ׳ŲϾ룬Ϊ׵飬ǷԸ˿ӱ޵ĸϻȥϢ

뿪ջûǰȥգȻմкҪ뿪ϵʱ䣬СŮӦҲǹɡ
ͻȻЦ治һϸļҶûһҶܰӶһġ
ҲϼҶеһˡֹһ
㣡ߵյסһ侪ϲ
ǰŮŮۻΪĨƵ죬˫ﲨתܿüˮĵĽëһһģС
С㣡һˣǰֱסǰŮ
һϾͷƺЩֲ֣ץ˵ͲҶˡ
ЦãҲһҵ»ݺòãԼ
տֱЦı飬ȴҲץš
С㣡ܷܲſһ֣˵
УߣҲľܾ
㿴ռᶨ֪Ҳûãֻܴͷǵ˼Դѹյļ򣬱ֵʮΡ
ģЦĸǻ죬ЦĿĵʱͷͻȻ̧𣬶յӣ˹ȥʪۡ

վһƺЩӦ
ȻһЦС㣡û֣Ŷ


120 
׳֮ɲԭ಻ϵĲԭϿȹĵλã̺ǣޣǿԼѪӶΪĸӺΣգں׳֮Ե
ٻĵͼϣӺ׳գƬλصĲԭ롣
·پ룬һ·նɱ޺ҲͣڲԭϵһСϡ
ԭСϿУΪǷԲϰΨһһС򣬶ȫ಻ᴩĲԭϿȣС쳣Ӷš
ֵСϢһоһеĵͼо޹֮󣬲Щԭλõĸӣ˷ֲһߡ
üϸϸķʱСеӶðһ˷ܵһԭϿڳֲǣҸϽȥնɱһЩ
棿㿴һ۵ͼͼָŵķҲǱ档޷̽ͼľλã԰ѵͼ˵
ΪǵԵʣܶӶſʼˡΪ˴·ҲһӶš
Ӷ׼֮ӶŵųһʱӶŵӶϣÿһԱŲηġҪ˭ҲĻһµġڲԭϿȣûӶŵıӻǾֻбޣ޺ǿ˵ķݡˣҳɣ
Ϊ׵ų˵ߣλ磬ƬһӶţĪܿǵķâȻһƬͬԶ
㲻ܶԷҪֻǶԷ·ѣ˵ģƬԭϿʮΣգǻɵࡣ
ǣҲ˵ǵ֧壬ͬǵū͡ȻǴϱߣļֵȻ͡
һ˺ƺƵűȥһ·ϵޱ׾ٵĸնɱ
ǰǳûĵطˡСһЩڸϵһȵװĲԭϿȺΪ׵ųĺ£һӶ˾ʮײУȺӵԵʣʮѶԸ
໡
˷ŲʱǺ֮͵˵гֻǣ˰ΧС
ųЩǾȻֻ֮࣬ɫʮѿڵѪôõȻ˶ɥʧǡһߴ󺰵Χһţ׼
ųĻ£ٸ㣬ѹ
ʲôĹأȻֻȡһߵһʮֲŭһ
㿴꣬ųĹӣɫ԰ףŲΣһȵԵʡ
Ҳ㵭˵ûаλӵһ¡
ë˲ŭˣΪʲôʱյ˵ӣһԼʱԱ
ëҲ룬һƾ˹ȥҪѵһⲻ֪Сӡ
ߣû뵽ëڻͻȻ֣ëڵʵ֣Ҳ򲻵ܿһƷëϣ˵һֻǣ˼ѵԼĶѣҿ㻹ԼȥЩǺˡ
һץһķ㶵ëڣݺݵ׳ӶԱɵķУ䵽˷Ȧ⣬һȦʮֻǵĿעӵϡ
ëڣųëŭҲû뵽ĶӾȻ׳ȥͷһʱҲɿ㣬ĿСӣ
ųŭȴò˷ȦһѰһŵӵëڸץ˹
ëڱʮֻǶţ˫ŻܲϴӵĿ㣬Щ˻ߵغףɱɱ
ëŭëڶԱ漴ĿĿ㣺Զ˫֣
ëŭĻһһﻹ湻ݵģҪԶ˫ˡٳΧȦЩ˲ͻ˺ɣ
ųȶӵ˫˵Цëȶ֣ԼҲѧ˶ѣԷȴҪëŭȻСԵԶ
һԱͬЩͬĿ㣬ëŭʱΪһС¾Ͱ˸ϾɱСһΣˡ
ˣ֣Сӵָ۶ϡëŭߵԱ
ԱҲëŭķԸֱ۾˹ȥ㿴Ҳһۣ͵ɨԱ͵ذС
һĻһƬȻ˿ʼƷʵ׵ķϵҺܶ˶ûĳ֡
ëŭͷҲһû뵽˿ǱƽǣɵһʱһȻǲʵġ
ųȥ
ëŭŲϱƽǣһԱЩͬĿһۺֻܱ󷨣㵥ڷȦ⣬˳ڷȦ⣬ܶǾ׹ע㡣
ëܸոܵһĻ¶ײУ˺㡣
ëڣǴżЦƿճʮ׭ëھ˦˹ȥ˺֮ǰļһﱻ
Ļ£ʮ׵͵죬ݺݵëұԱϡ׵ͬʱҽ֮ͬ˵ڵϣӲϳ鴤һζɢ
ëڣëŭͷ󺧣ոʮ׵籬ƣľͺһ롣ëڲƷѣôܳ׵硣
һЩԱͬˣû뵽СӾȻŷ׭һ㶵Ŀ㣬ͬʱҲ̾ĺһԲϾͰëڸɱˡ
䣡СӣëŭѾǣһԱ
ëŭܻ£һ˳ȥ
֮ӶһŤһߣһĿ㣬ĵΪʲôҵųɱëˡ
ɣҪˣЦЩ˷ٴζһѷ׭ԭƽǸϽɢҰ˵Ƕ׵羪
Ǳܿ˳ȥ
ëŭһĻܻץһѹֱֱһ˳ȥ
һӱܿһƿ֮߶䵽һֻϡ
໡
ëŭһ䵽ǣʱĿײëŭȥֻĴ£ʼӶˣͬʱҲ㡣
ʮֻǣҲСӣһ׭ϣסЩǣû˼㣬׵ǵ壬첽̤ǵİΧȦ
ëŭһĻͷѣ֪ôô׭׼׷ȥסȴǸסȫ


121 Ů
һ·׭·ЩǸɲʲô˺ͬͥ߳ǵİΧȦǰΧȦ㣬ûٿһëŭˡȻëŭΪǿߣҪǵΧɱͬɡ
ǰΧȦ㣬һ·űȥԼһ˸·ȻëŭҪѵࡣ
·ʱԶһŭųԸˣˣסɱ
һ㶣оѣԭΪëŭҪ׷ɱҲ϶ҪȰ֮󣬵ǣԼѾ֪ȥˡû뵽ԷȻô׷ɱ˹
ģôô죿һ䡣ӶǺܹ˼ɵģΪųëŭʵ֪λʲôʵ
סŭϣĲֹסΪߡ
׷ʮߣ裬ŶԷͼ۶ȥȻԷҪɱҲò֡
׷ˣȻû뵽˶ͻȻֺ֣飬һͷ󺧣ϽӭȥЩʵǿҲǾƷܵס㣬£һҽвϡ
ɼնɱңų濴ҡӵĿżˣİɡ
ëŭ֪֮ɼԸЩǲǵëŭǰ
ʲôˣŮ˵ͬΪ׵ͷ󺧣벻ǸŮ˻֮ͬ
Ůͬһ㶣ӵĻҲûж룬һƶԷʲôԭǸӶѾˡԼҲǡ
նɱЩ֮󣬸뿪ȴ΢΢һе͵һӣŲݴһ˹ȥ
ŭȣڲݴ͵Ϯ
ŭ£ݴһӰ֣ųֵΪ֮һ㶣һŮˣһϢŮˡ
һЩ޷崼գͷʣɢһ󣬳ĵüӨ͸ƻáһ˫۾ؼеһȪӨͨ͸峺ɫȹѰ׵ƣ׵ѩճ縡͹õߡ
ҲһϵסȥһաϸĿƶ֫Ů˵ţһֺεȵĻ
Ҷ˼ĵߵյഺĻٻĵŰŮȴſһ޷Ļرע⵽һ˫Źâ۾ǸоӵС
˭ŮˣĿ鲻ԽɨŮӵ֫ŵжôϸ
ŮһҼ˿鲻Խ𱣻ǣ㲻ԸŸԭϿȣǿӶŵŮˣĻˡ
۾ЦҪܿ޳ĻҾ㡣
վŮӣһ仰΢΢һ㶣Ҳ֪ʲô˫۾УȻĴŴŵ

ŮӺһԤף˵ᣬͬˮͷһ磬Ůӿ޹ǰĿϷĺԱҲŮӡת׼뿪
ŮӳһӵĻ㼸ܲ²ĳǸԭҪ׷ɱŮӡֻΪ׷ɱ
ҾһأҲȰֹסˡŮ˵һ˿ޣܲһ顣
ŮӼת׼뿪΢΢㵵ͬʱҲϽջԼᡣû뵽ȻֱӵŮӿɴûгԹӡУ˲ܱƭһаðʤ
һ£뿪Ů̲סһ
תͷŮӣĿ鲻Խɨ裬ԸеĽʮĻꡣ
ɲԴߣŮӿ˵
ߣһ㶣漴ĿŮ˵Ǹ̫ðɡһ˾ʹС檻ȥŻ˵ġ
ĻŮӲûбߡһ۾㣬ɢŵĹ⣬Ĺ£׳ȥ
ұ׷ɱҪǲߵĻҡ˵ʱŮеĹô
ҡڶԷ۾Ĺ£УŮӵĻ׼˵ȥ׼ڵʱԺкıըһը£˲ջ
ģͫ㿴Ůӵͫоѣû뵽Լʵ㱻ŮȥĻ꣬ҪףǾĪĴӦˡ
ûȤǾŮ˲򵥣Ļˮɲߡ
ŮͬȵĿ㣬û뵽ԷȻӳͫĻ
ת뿪㣬ŮӾ岻ѣҪΨһܱˣôӵùԷ׷ɱ
ҪڣҪ˱Ůͷ޲ѣȴòݣ֪װͶͫûõջǸҼı顣
ߣҸ㱨ôŮ˵
ʲôꣿ㲽ͣ£Ŀ⿴ŮӡҪܸԼ㹻ıĻһرҲνǱˣôΣյ黹ǲĺãϾҲǱԷ׷ɱ׸Σϵ
ҡŮӸ˵ʲôȴʲôûȻֹ
ûУ˵ûȤ
˭ûУŮŭ˵
УѵԼ´һ漴˵ƯƯһǲҪ
ŮĻѣԼҪԸĻ֪ҪԼҪԼߣȱСȥˣʰ㡣
ҳȥҪᡣŮ˵
üͷ׼ܾʲôŮʵԭϤ𣿡


122 
ȥطʲôŮӿŵͼָŵλãŹֵĿǰꡣ
ûлشŮӵĻǸ˵ʵ֪
ӳǵ׷ɱҴȥŮҲԼҪ
ɽһδӦĺˬ졣ҪԼλãǼҵŮ˼Ȼ֪Ǿòˡ
˵ʱһ״ϽץŮӣһش˽ȥ
Ůӱץֱۣŭߺ죬ɫ˿ûռ˵ɣ΢΢Ůֵ㣬ȴ̾ŮֵĻ嵯޹ǡ
Ȼ㲢ûΪĸо¶һ״ɫȮ켣µ㣬ɫĿʮֵλϿֻżĶ㿪׷ɫ
ôӶţƬԭǰĴڡʰһδߣ׾١ͻȻʵ
ų̰ҵɫŮҲĻششſڵϣû뵽ŮֱӵĿԼȻҲšһԭǿ϶бġ
ˣŮӼ㲻˵ɳʵ
£Ȼ£ӶſȻǵųÿһǿҲ٣Ҫ¾͹ˡ˿ε˵
ߣ죬һ죬죬Լ֮߶ѡҲûʲô˵ģʲôŮӺһΪĵ˵
㵹һһ֪Ӷŵô񣬽ӽʮ֮ڵ۹һͳǳҲȲӶŵӪر졣죬ڵ˵൱ңԶľ硣
㣡ⶼôĲ˵ŮΣȴ˼أһȻϣһСǾĴۡ
ԭ֮ϣǿҲ°Ҫԭеǿߣ֮ǡŮ˵仰ʱдżָ߰ǿߣ֮˶ԷƵġ
ֱŮӵĻȻ֪ԭԻȻǿߣôüġͨ˵ӶžѾȻˡ
ιʲôŮӼٴβЩ޺޵ע㣬ͫйâתɢżϢرŮĻĽջ
㣡أûΡ
Ů˼֣뻹˵
˵ͻȻ˵ȵϱߡ
ϱߣüѣͼʾǱ档
ߣŲ㣡һƬǲԭһƬһƵͼȥĻֱЦ󷽡Ҫȥ͵ôϱƹȥŮӺһ˵Һܻô֪һƬģ֪˼٣
㻳ɵĿ˵ѵӣ˵ͷ·Ҿ㣬Ҫûа͵ĿĵصĻҲͻ
һ仰ŮӺ޵ֱҧһСԭϤĺܣ㵽׾١
ҲˣУһȥżܿǰΧɱӶ֮ʵһӶͷֲˡ
£ǰҲŮ˶ƪԭȻϤĺܣǱоҵ·
ϱ˲ϾƫƧ·ٴת򱱷ʱŮȷʵǴȥȥĿĵء
һ·ǰʱͻȻץסͻĶһż־ֶŭȣʲô
ɨһۣס죬ûûƨɵġû˭Ȥǰˣ
Ļɫһ㶣ո˵ûûƨɣ̲סŭ
ģųҲǵģȻᱻһСŮ˸ƭˡ̫趪ˡ
ҼǸŮһֱۣǻѹųᱻƭˡ
ŮǹǻģųҲ̫С˰ɡƭ˾ƭˣõԭ׷ɱ𣿡
СһЩѵ㲻֪ųõһŮƭľųⱦ˵ų᲻ᱩŭ
ʲô
Ҳ֪ҪǣȥǸŮ˰ɡλҲѰؼҪɡ

˿ĴһߵУ㿴ߵŮˣĵΪʲôԷ˺ķѾ׷ɱˡֶ˼־裬ܴƭ߶ǿ൱б¡
㿴ɫɺ˺죬ż־ǿ˵ߣ̫ѣοǶҵġȡѣ
ƭʲôûȤüոյõϢżҲѰΣվٴμӾˡ
һȡһ׭˵ŻȵСһЩ֮
ͷ漴ͻȻʵʵǿ
Ըǿܵס˵
һͻȻһž¾׵ϾȻ˼ֺĿȻ෴
ȥɱһЩˣ˵
ɱһЩˣ㵡
׷ɱС㣡ҾǶȥðҵס֮ߡ촽˵Ļ׵ݽȻ෴Ļ·ȥĿĵصΨһһ·Ҫǣ
Ҳ֪Ů˵Ǽ٣ҲܾҪӶŶϵġֻ˵ҪɱԷˣȻǺսԵġ


123 ֶ
ȵ֮ԸĽҡһϿȣ۾Ͽȴķ磬ʮˬƾն˼Ʈݵĸоرǿϸ֫Щ᲻ᱻ紵۶ϡ
ҪҪȥҼľϣͻȻ˵
ţת˫۾ôͻȻ˵ôһ仰
ҵǲܳ硣㿴˵
һ㶣漴Ŀⶢ֫ϣڷӦĵѣ쵰Լô
Ҫ޺޵˵
ʼ磬֫ʱ˿ɱңʵһ취ŵĻҲᴵϵġ
һ㡣Сѹһ·϶Լ֫ˣԭǴ⡣˿ĵײòϣģȷʵܼ˵ĳЩа
ǸŮվϿȣûԼ٣ܿͱӶŵ˷֡һ߷һ߱˹
ǰߣ׭׵ǰը죬һ׷ɱ˲ֹסŲż־忴֪Ů˴Ūķ׭
ȥڵ䳤ϣһڷӦŮеһѷ亰
ڶԷӦͬʱһ߿ǰȥһƬĺڵ䳤ϡڵȻܽڶ̶ʱ͸˹
ŸϹĺڵ䣬΢΢վ˵Ӷŵĳϣʵﵽ졣ӦˣҶɱˡߣ׷ɱҲҪһۡ
㿴һۣȻɻʲôɱЩߣȴǵ˵ͷ
ڵдż̰Ļȣ漴˹Ů˶ߵıŮ˶ȤŮˣ鲻Խѹϸ֫ĳЩ飬Ƕô
ڵֱֱץֿҪץʱһֻİֲͬ
ڵվȣſվߵ㣬ϸСͫ͵һȵ˭ҲҹӶŵ飿
㿴źڵ䣬ǰſ˵Ӣ۾ĴӢۡ
ޣĻ̲סһҪԼӦѰ·Ųء
ڵ俴㣬ոյס΢΢üͷ漴ոյõϢͻȻնɱųӵǸꣿ
ڵľ֪ųŭ϶֪ͨӶ׷ɱˡĽѾ㵽ҲԾźڵĬϡ
ڵ㣬ĵ׾СС˳ɾ͵ͬʱϴżȻҾɱ
Ȼɱ˶ԷųĹӣѡһ·һﻹ˵ΪźȻӶŶϣԭͺӶƲˡЦԼƭˣһ·ĸ·
Ļ쵰ۿ㣬ʮֵĿɶ
ˣϾΪʲôĽ͵ҪΪ㣬ҺӶŵĳޣСѡ
ûߣ˼ҵɱˣС飿Լ͵ȡ£Ե΢ˡ
ҧϽĿתڵ䣺ʰЩߣҶԸڵ䣬սپ֮ҪȻΣˡ
˵꣬źڵ˹ȥûһ˿һ־ɱ
ջһǶȣĽӰӣƿ֮𣬿ռŽӰǿҵɱ¾źڵ˹ȥ
ͬڵɫͬһ飬ӿ󱳵Ĵ󵶳ɨ˹󵶴󿪴ϣĪơ

ѱһͶԷͬʱɳȥ̾룬סӰ
Сӣڵ亰һ벻ȻӵкرǸոʩչĽϢʮ㣬ɱҪԼʵܱŵ
ٽһԡڵһд󵶻裬һƬ⣬ֱɨ䣬а֫նϵ˼
ߣ
һӰ˹ȥںڵĴǰѱ棬һ⣬Ӱȵ˳ȥ
ϴ㲻ò̾ĻҪΪ׵ԵʣǲܵסԷǾˣǲԷһ
ʵҲҺҽа塣ڵЦеǾȶԷĶ죬ʱ̫ˡ
ڵĻžµż־塣˵ܵס죬Ϊﵽ죬ȴû뵽ȴǶ졣
ѵ֪ţҪ۵𣿡εĿһۣĵżͬʱûа취
Ը㹻ˡЦһٴźڵ˹ȥǶȵֱ̺꣬ڵĿڡ
ڵɨ˳ȥסԼؿڣԶļջһߺȵŸʲôǸŮ˰ˡ
ǣϣһ˷ܵȥдųȵ̰Ŀ鲻Խɨ֫
֪һȵ̰һ֪ͳһƿ漴ҲͰƿ򿪣йɫĩ˳Ͽȴķ磬ߵķӶȥ
ЩɫĩӴߣһҽĩӴǵ壬ͿʼʼѪģ縯ʬһ
ǸʬۣûˣһܰĹͷʴ׷ɱ˱Сô죬ҪһۡǰһڵϴѪⲻϸʴ̲סһЦ
ʬۣڵͬŵһʴ𣬱Ѫ͸أҲż־ֺȻ
ǰһĻ޵ʹ㶼оЩʶһ˱ʴĻѪ⣿
ǰһƽ崿ŮŮ崿ģ˲̵顣
ŮˣȻԳԽŮ˵ڲͬ
ҲףΪʲôŮҪͣˣΪľǽϿȵķˣѹϢŷİδߣһһ
㣡ߣɱ˲ٵ׷ɱˣãŶʵɶȵ
ߣͬⲻͬ⣡ڵŭ㡣
˭ҪˣЦĿӺڵ䣬ӭȥ
㻹ͺڵһ𣬲Щż㣡ǵİϾҪˣ߾߲ˡ
Ļɫ˱䡣һźڵ˵ɱôˣҪǲɱ㣬Сˡ
ɱңڵЦ˵ͬѾŲˣǵƾһˣҪɱҲ롣
ҵҪôɱңڵŭЦ
ȻԲѵҪɱԷвɰżԷѾϹˡʵɱ죬ⲻ


124 
ɱ㣿Ҫ̫ʱ𣿡Цһƿճһѷ׭һѷ׭źڵ䶪˹ȥ
䡭
ʮ׵źڵ˹ȥڵʮ׵磬ɫһ䣬䵽ϣ׵ɨ˹ȥ
ʮ׵Ĵϣ׹ڵ䱻ʮ׵Ϊʵʮ׭£Щ顣
ɱ彣һ
ڵ䱻ĵˣûзŹᣬе͵Ļ裬һӰϵӣձƣźڵ伲۶ȥž֮ƣջһۼڵؿڡ
ѵɱ𣿡ڵĵĿ㣬ǲм֮ɫǼ׵ѣѵնɱǿ߲ɣ
ںڵ£Ĵӭȫ䵽ϣ󿪴ϵɨ㡣
˭ֻһֶˣЦеٴһ䣬ٴεӣĪƴȥڵ俴һĻɫ˱䣬ڵǷӿƷӣͬСӣõǿƷ似ȫʹ
һǿΣŶѡƷҲûСڵЦ󵶺һɿֲϻ䣬ϯ
ƷУǵƷأЦ⺮
ŭһȫȥžǿһ⺮ͶԷ󵶽ʱ򣬻ڵ䡣
ڵɫ䣬Ҫ˳ȥᣬס㡣ڵոսһûֵֻܿ۶
䡭
⺮ںڵϣڵеĴ󵶱˦ֱۣ⺮ſֲĺڵ䣬ڵĨһ㺮˪ѪҺһɹ³ݺݵڵϡ
ڵڵϣһԾ磬һڵؿڡ
ڵһڵӲתҪܿ
ܵ𣿡Ц͵һɨһߵڵϣס㣬ֱֱĴؿڣһѪ
Ѫͬʱڵ۾ɵĴģʵһ
һзڵʯ֮䣬ûзӦʱ򡣺ڵѾΪһʬ塣
ջ㣬סһ˭Ҳ벻ȻһʿڵܾͰˣһ߱һɵⲻò˵һֿɱ
ŸʲôܰһץỬС֣Ϳ첽ıܡԷͬѾˣٲ߾߲ˡ
ץ֣Ŭ˼£Ҳץšһ·񱼣ֻԽϿȶȥͷַԽ
ߺ󲻾ãӶŵһҲеһصѪԼڵʬ壬ΪɫʮѿһΧϿȣߣһ·ҿôҵСˣ
ųƬŲ߹٣ǷʲôΨһĵ·ǻЩǿߵĲһСĵѵ
Ϊ׵΢΢üͷ˵ͷ۾㡣ֻҪǸŮˣУУûУʲô
ųڲѯϻش
Ϊӵһ϶ŵ㣬ҪûгߣǾ峡Уæ
ϿЦһųʱ׷ѰһɱӵꡣѾ֪ȥˣ
ߣɱҵֶǲҲЭһСֱնɱΪŭ
ǣųϹһ
ţһ˸ҽȥҾͲţһ·ųƪҲʮΣûֻ̽žƫˣһԹƵģʵû̽ʲô

룬ķԽԽɻѡ
ɻģɽ͵һȻķڣҪȥҵĵطҪڡ
㾪صʱͻȻ˵ң
һ㶣Ŀ⿴֫ȻŮ˵֫ԸУ˸棬ôֱҪԼԼôҲ£Լˣżɬⲻ̫ðɡǻûиһ˽⡣չô죬ôҶֲġ
Ļҧ쵰ۿ˵СûȤ㵽ױû˴·ɱ˵Ҳŵԡ
ԼίŮȫвԼʵԼǲԸⱧġ
ס䣬ŮỬ壬УЩС
ְһЩҴڣ㱧ţŬƽϢеϻ̲סһΡҲףڵ״̬ҪǸǲˣֻܽӵܹȥ
㿴ǰһĶڣŮ˲һ㳬ϵ𣿲ڵڣŮ˿϶Ҫһڵĵطźð¡뵽⣬ͷõȵҪ֡ǰͲˣһҲҪһ㴫ͳƽ㣬żˡ
ȵ㴩ԽڵʱҵĻߣҪȻߴˣԶȥĵط㵭˵˵꣬ͽı㣬ܸоѹԼ
ȶԼŬԼ˼룬Ȼָ£Ůһȥ
һڣ͸оһɿֲ쫷쫷紵ϣžҵʹǰԴĻУ쫷Ĵ
ܵ쫷ŮΪʲôҪˡʵ봩ڣ
ߡ󡭡ұһСڣȥȻ㻳쫷磬ǿȴһָָͲÿ
ǾŮ˵죬Ů˶ƪ̫Ϥˡȫҵĺ԰Ƶģ
Ŭĵֵ쫷ĴŮ˵ָϵǰҲ֪ת˶ٸ䣬Ů˵Ĳָʾ£ûߴһ£쫷ҲĿʼЦ
ڴﵽŮܳܵķΧʱҪ㱧ţ㵲ѣĻҲŮĶŮôͲһأ
ߣŤԸеęǰ··ٶٴο˼֡
СһЩƬ򲻰в߳ûҪʲôĻȰ㻹Ǵͷܵõܴܲȥ⡣ѵ
֪ж㾪ȵʵ
вʲôܣһλߵľסأأбжֻ˭ҵѡ˵
ôϤûҹ
ûȤҲ˵Ųʱȥ顣
˲Ů˵Ǹеʲôںװƣ


125 ж
ǧȵأһԭϿȹɣÿһ󣬵ʤ࣬ӣм·СһЩ˵
һΣͷ·θӣĻҲϡԺм¼Ÿո߹ĵط˶·
ĵͼϱλþǰǧȵزСҪҵҪĿĵأҪԼ취ͻȻ˵
˵ͷٻҲ˵ͼֻǱŵλáѯ
ôϤʲôطŹ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷûУǰµıЩѰȴ̫ܳ֡
ҲδأһܣطʮָӣҲ֡ο޷粻ˣ϶
һȥȴס˵㲻ȥˣֻһʯڣû·ġ
ô˵ȥ
ô£˵˱û·ˡĻűȥĶţĲκǲǼ߱棬ֻܸ˹
һ֮󣬱һ޴ʯڣʯڵǰǰ·סͣסŲżֵ˵Ҷû·㻹š
ŤͷһۣżֵľŮˣ˵˭Ҳˣ
㻹ߣۿ㣬˵ʮֲ
Ϊ˵û·ҲҪߣŮ˷˷ۣ̫Ϥˡĵط϶ûףҪеĻ϶ûȥĵطûȥĵطֻΪû·ĵط
ɻУߵʯǰʯڣû״
ѵΪʯǼٵĲɣŹֵĿ㣬ʯô١
ҡҡͷɨɨܣܶ·ΨﵲˣǾʯ⡣
ĴһʯںĿⶨʯһһزݵĵطһͨĲݣһԾ𣬰һزݸ
ڰεһزݣոճݵĵطһݣѰеɾȻһתʯ顣
һĻϲĿһۣû뵽ʯڻ
ݴתʯ飬ԭյʯڿʼĴ򿪡
׼ȽȥһѰץס˵Сһ㣡
ץ֣ϴɫ΢΢죬ۼ󣬶˵·
ͷŴ򿪵ʯ߹ȥʯһ˲ûеĺڰʯͷɢҹһյɼ
ɢŹâĶʯʯͷ¼飬ҹǺֵǮºȴʯͷٷˣƽʯͷûʲô
ô۸˵ġһ
ΪȴӵĿһۣһ湻Եġ
㲻ͬѨѨʮִʯ鲼żˮһϢĺõط
Щʯͷãֻܷǰ̽·
Ǹûߵͱһоһ˵ԼĻ˱ıס
㣡ߡߡ
תͷһȻʮͷߡ
еһ֣ž綾ٶʮΣյ֮һ
ŻķߣҲԾ裬ŻŮ˵ϸ֫ȡĿЩߡ
㣡ϵǣߺܶ΢΢Щı㣬ܸо崫Լǰѹ
㲻֪Ů߻ߵĶµĲ裬һ߼۶ȥ
㶯ֵʱʮͬӵԾ˹תͷÿһĻɫĺѪɫ
㣡ˣ
ǣȻܣЩſ߿ھҪҧϣɫٴβҰףҪġʱзߵĶҪȻǰˡ
žҪҧϵķߣı۾ָ˼֡
ͬɫصĿŲϿķߣЩ߸ϵߺܽҪҧˣ͵ĺЩ˹ȥͬʱ⺮סҧŵķߡ
ʮֿݣЩ߼һһ֮࣬Ϸ⺮ǿסЩߡ
㲻ǲԸ֣ʱ߾ԶеĻҪĽҪܶ࣬Էߵٶȣϲðǿж˲֡Ȼðյǽҳɹˡ
Щߺһ̳ͬʱ⺮ϴٶǿ죬ǵֵȴʮ֮ţܿһնɱ̶ʱ䣬ʮ߱׵Ľ
һصķߣЩδջһ벻㻹мֱ¡
㷭˷ۣҪǲҵĻһԼı¸󡣡
ĻžһϽɿֱۡһƬ糺죬ɢ欷飬㿴Щ㣬ǿ򶨵ߣҪС㱧ô࣬㻹ôϻ
Ŀ⿴߶ץ֣š
ץţʹһ仰ȴֹͣҪǲµʱҧҾȲӮĻͽҷ֣
Ļ쵰Ȼ仰ˣ֪пȴðɿ֡
˳ӣͷȻһЦץ˫廬ŶѨȥ
һ·СǰƬ̺ߵ˿߶֮󣬳ǰһƬҩ԰㿴һƬҩ԰ĵ΢΢𺳣Ƭҩ԰Уźܶϧҩġ
Ѫݣˮ黨
һҩݣ̲סһѪܲ侫Ѫʿ˵һõĻָҩݣȴǶĪá֮ˮ黨ȵȣǼĶ
ҩ԰ӣⶫԼУ϶֮Ͱɡ
һǰʼСĲȡЩҩݡ
Ȼʾͬǰȥȡ
ֻժûãͰһɫĲ԰ףָ
ôˣϽܵǰۿȥָһεѪҺָһ궾ݣĻ̸ˡ
㣡죡ߡͻȻȵĶͷһӡǻ˸һ˫۾͸Ե졣


126 Ʒ
ߣߡ㻹뿪ٴһѣһâ߲ʹβƣһѤɾ֮СֻͷֵӡǣŮ˳ˡ
㿴һһ궾ݣƽĶݶѣ벻ͨΪʲôŮˡ
߰Щ˻ߣһ䣬͵㣬ҪߡȴżȻⶾǿǶ˵ȴЧ
𶯣ָңȻΪʲôˣȴʹץ֡
ʲôĲѣֻҪ壬ᱩߣʵ־
ץͬȲѣʱʮ֮ǿץסơ˵Ƿ˼ģһŮˣȴſ̫ˡ
һ岻ת߲ʹâеӡ᲻ϵĴ

ָ֮һεεѪҺ
ⶾһ㶣漴ϲͷϵ߲ӡѾʮˣҪ͹ͷ죡ʩ
Ĵ󺰣еӡĽһϣһ£ԭת߲ʹâŽİָһεѪҺ䣬ıѪ
ʮϵĹâʧһɶһеӡĽӡ£ͷһ߲ӡǷ˸˸ƵԽԽ졣
˸Ƶʴﵽɼʱһա
ĺ£߲ӡ͵ıڱ˲䣬ܽ˲䱻һ䵽ϣĵɳȥؿѪ
߲ʹâһȥԭͷӡͬʧһɶ
ⲻģɴ۾ǣǰŮΪȫıϵͬƬһ˿ҡ
ĿɿڴǾõΪ֮ĳһаȻϣǣð֮ҧҧ촽ת궯аѹһ㡣徧Өͬ¶ѩϸĴϸѩ׵ظ۰ףˮȻվţ鷿Ǿǿͦšһǽ޶˵ĺ촽ջϸǲӯӯһգȻ֮䣬ȴ͸һ͵ĸоƽ̹۵Сûһ˿׸⣬һȥõ̲ס΢΢ζĳ嶯
쵰ĹֱֱۣĶ壬Ĩһ糺죬ŲЩպȵ
ȻΪŮ˵һ۾ֱֱĶŮˣŮû·ˣǲǱԼ
㵵ǣɫһĨһͳУٵİԼס
ŴЩδ㣬޵ֱҧոԼһ˿ҵı¶ڶԷУ޶ɬɢַ顣ҪԼεȥ׼ȡҩġ
ֻ붯֣ȴһ˫ȵָץס͵һ𣬴ż־壬ݽҧţ쵰ĳ岻Ҫǿ˰ɡ
ߴĺ΢΢һ㻹һΰȡҩݵ
վٶЩҩݣոյһĻѾĵˣǰˣʱڣݲһ˿
Ů˳վһԣɺȻһЦ漴ͻȻʲô˵Ϊǰ˵ûûƨɵǸţеģ
쵰ȥ̲סݺݵһŹȥɫ췢̡쵰ȻûǸոյ顣
ȻʼȡЩҩݣֻոѾܶ඼ˣо۲ѡ
ˮժȡҩݣŬƽϢΪոյգͻȻʵոʩչǵ𣿡
֪㾪Ȳѣǵһμ׾ϳĵ
ȻǵһĿƵĿ㡣ڵνϤӵеģһǴ½ĶҡЩҴ붼ϹŴġᡣոʩչ죬ӦþаɡʵŶ죬Ҫ澭еĻôҲôءϹҵĴУеȴУҲֻǶʵ
˦˦ͷڲȡҩĵ㣬վһ
ȡһ󣬰Щҩջ󣬿ֲܻٵҩݣһûмȥʯڴ򿪺ûк£˭֪û˴Ҫڱ˽֮ǰѨ̽ܲñȡ
ߣ㿴ŵȴһ
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127 ׷ɱ
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еУһŬĲԼߣҴѵܷһ𣿡
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һ·ߣӶͳնɱնɱӶ㾪ȵķ߲֮ǵΧɱС
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Ļɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲǷˣպ˵Ҫ߽棬ñסȻɱԷĳϡ


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һ·׷ɱëŭʱȴףһźݺݵ߿µʯߵӶʵСӵȥˣ
ëŭߵսսСĻشϵķȥˡ
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ȷϰصȥˣëŭʵ
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仰ëŭüͷ壬漴ɫͻȻһ䣺ѵСɱӶնɱ߲֮ɣ
ëŭԽԽܣһԵε˽⣬᲻֪Ǳֻһ·ȴֱֱǱߣȻҪնɱ
֪ëŭһһǵ죬Ȼնɱĺ񡣾ǿһǸϹȥ֮ǰնɱԷֱǳ롣
ųųڸëŭͻȻʵ
λųڶԸһߣҪ򡣡
ӶĻëŭ֪λҪռƬһҲˣӶԸ֪ͨߣϵķϹȥһξԲˡ
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Сӣֲϲǹ˹ȥɱ㣬ֻҪܲסһʱ̣ܰһɱˡ
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ǰ汻Ųϴλõ㣬¶һ˿ЦݣһսЩ˿϶ҷɢû˶·кܴļߡ
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ûϵֻҪУҴߣЦſ
һ˿֪ʲôʱ׷Ӷվ˵ͷֻĵȴ޵ֱҧ


129 ܽ
ǱУק㣬㲻³ȻˮץԽԽ
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䡭䡭Խ棬֮ԽӵܵĹâ׹˸С
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ܽףոջ·ߵܽػף̲סһ
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׵繥Ȼ⣬ܽ£Щ׵κε
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㣡ҪȡܽףҲҪ׼ҩԼֹ߶Ҫȫȥץұôʵ𣿡ԶѣСӿͦǴ˿һܵջôͱôˡ
ûĻӸովܽױ׹ǿֲ񣬵ʹתģٴžܽץȥ
쵰Ȱ̲סһΪԼ񰡣ͽȥץܽס
ǣȻֹ㣬ȴ˿취ҲûСʱ״̬Ͳܣͱ˵ֹˡ
䡭һ׵ٴδӾܽкֱ۴ִ׵磬۾еĲѡ


130 ׷ɱ
׵ϣ˲䱻׹ǣ˹âǡץģĿƵעһĻ
䡭䡭
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ǰֵһĻٴţһ޴׵ϣûӰ˺һ׵ϣھϢʧһɶ
ʹգգ۾ѾץʯҶϣоЩѣ
ץסʯҶƬ㣬һѰʯҶ£ľܽ׸סתʯҶ£ױȣûһ˿׵籬ȻΪԴʯҶƬѹס׵Ŀ񱩡
һʯʹҡҡͷû뵽ôͰ׸ȡˡŻصߣԼɢʵʯҶһЩʯҶǺܺõϡΪױԴҲؾ۶ɵġܼĹ
ʯҶҲֻܳɳĶɡѶջһ߰ɣȥɣ
õףȻɣ׵ֲ̫ӵ׵׳ԣãбҪص׳ٳɣűһ㡣
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ߵˮݵĵطһ̲ס޺޵ĵһۣһҪһ쵰ˡ֪ûбĳ·ֻٴκһǱˮ
ٴλصϵһʪܵ·һۺתһش
˷ԼƲƲ죬Ů̫ˡԼֻ͵˻·ԼԲǣ
ǳȥʵ
üͷ漴ͷӶŵЩ˻Ѱǡ
Ļһɸоͷ۲ѣб·Գȥ𣿡
룬漴ҡҡͷͳֻһ·Ҫȥͱ뾭
һ˵ͷ˵ԿɣֻҪλųûǾлᴳȥ
ô˵ͬ˵ͷʩչǾڶϿ취ǡ

һ£жҲʮֿݣĴ·£ܿϵ˸ոսλá㻹δǸڣȴһ⺷ĺվ
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ͷҲһ׼뿪ȴһư㾪ѣû뵽ôԶȻܱ
ߣһһѡ
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ˣߣҵסһҪȻһܲˡ˵
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һܣһаϣӹĶų׷ɱ
Ҫ£ҪӶżȮʬǲ棡ҧݣǺ֮ɫ

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ܡһŭУһ
ɺ㲻òסӰסӰоѪż־עӶԷ
ߣѾһ־ˣڵΪʵʱѾ֮µܱġ
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նɱܶӵǸꣿų㣬ǴżֶͬŭΪ֮ŭǣСӾȻնɱӶߣŭʮ㡣
ΣȻ֪ԼͶԷ֮Ĳ࣬ȴ˾ʹ˵ͷ
Ǿȥë㣬ɱʮ㡣
۾ŶԷǰŶԷԼľ
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һĺ泩ġë㣬ȻɱǸ꣬ǾɱΪԼֶꡣ
ëֱ˦һֱ綾ӿȥֲմһɷХ㼲۶ȥ
ͬһһӭȥڵ˿ıȫ䵽ϣ˹ȥ

ϣ㱻ĵɳȥһݺݵĺϡ
ëԼϣϴżЦһŶ߶ѣ۵һϣ㹻ݻˡ
ǣëȲѵǣϣϾȻһ׭ĹâΪ㵲סë
Ϲ壿ëɴ۾Ŀϸֵķ׭ǲš֪ﵽ֮Ϳʼ塣ǣŶʵ۳ʲô
ëŵǣǰ۵ľȻϹ塣Ϲſֲֻ֮һ˿һͬżЧӸոյסһܿϹĿֲЧ
ϹŹëԼϹŹ˵ʥƷƷҪ˵Ļõ׹㹻ʵ˵ҲܳΪһǿߡ
뵽⣬ë;ԼþòƽϢ
ѹ̳뿪ëۿ㣬̰֮ɫ


131 ʼ
˵㣬ͷͬѡδ뵽ʵ˿ֲһѪܲѡ
ѹḛ̈Ŀ㡣
ǾͿʲôˡŭһһë˹ȥɱ߽һƣƺҪա
ڤ粻飡ëЦһԷϹŹΣ֮ѡһߣôӵóġëֱ˦һм۶
һתȻҪոǿࡣĶ͵ĵ˳ȥһѪҺӿɫҰ֡
ССһҲҳ֣ǲ֪ëѪҺЦ
Ļո£ɫȴ͵һ䣬͵ıͽȥ֪ʱǰһٶȼ֮죬ܿ׷ִֻܲٵӭȥ
ִ֮ò̫ӱĺΪ±ԵʣһѪۡ
˭߶ͲˣżëУëۿеѪۣŲ֮ɫû뵽Ȼ׷һˡ
ʿë㣬ͬʱĵ𺳲ѡû뵽ԷȻҲһǿʿʿΣһ֮أ
˵꣬ëڱӿǰ۳һͷ­˹ëȻ㼤ŭˣûٺȥ˼
ֻ۳ɵͷ­͵ı˳ȥֻܿޡ
ܵ𣿡ëЦֱ˦ͷ­תһȥ
ģŭһɶͷ­һɴʯ档ֻ˿ǰľʯ͵ĳ
һֲײ֮ʯײķֱһʯĴ䡣ֲʯһƿ֮żżʯϣоһɾҵʹ
ߣë㱬ˣЦһֱٴ˦һ㼲۶
۵ǰҧ׼ƴ˰ʱһƾճ֣䵽֮ϣ棬߱һɾ䡣
ˣһһϿȴȻԷǶ˵ġ
û뵽˾˭ʱ򣬶ëȴһ㣡벻ȥ׷ɱ㣬ûаɱˡ
ԷȻûкë˵˼һֱֱë
ëڶԷļԹ˿Сӣ󱳵Ĵó󵶻赲סһ
ëԷǣסӰҲٵһϿУ᲻ܣʱܲˡ
ܣëתϿȣЦ׼׷ȥһٴסëȥ·
ģëŭȴòס
תϿȵ㣬˿ȴͻȻͷëţһӶżȮģ
ëȻвɺһų㡣
ٵϿȴһμ㣬ȻҪ

ë仰ǲ׷ˡҪϰҪġëĿתһٵǸȥȴѾûӰˡ
ô󵶺ݺݵʯʱһ׷ëܣǼһأ
ˣëҧݺ
ųһ㶣漴һѻȡˡҪ׷ϰնɱƷľ磬ƬǵӶŲĳΪ
ë˵ͷַ׭壬ҪܵõԷĹĻǾЩĹҲˡ
׷Ǽһ˲ٵƣҾͲܶԶųһë˵
ë˵ͷʹųһ׷ȥ

һ·񱼵㣬ȷűܿëͣ´ִܵѾЩѪԼһ󣬸׼ܵȴǰվһӡͲ󣬴ʮ˾ӡɫ԰ͫʮֵ䣬翴һƵģ
ոļ붼ǶԷȡ
лŶԷֵ
ã˵ĵ˾ѣᣬ˵
ôˡ˵
Ļ˫۾ת㣿
ʶңǰһ˾Ȼɻѡ
Ŀռ䱦ҵܵܺ㽻׵ġ˵
һ仰㾯˼֣ѱԷ˶ᡣ
ռ䱦Ҳȱ١㲻˷Ҫ뿪ջѧԺһ㡣˵꣬Ǿ׼뿪
ȵȣͻȻڴɻתͷʱӻȡһѷ׭ݸ˵Ҳϲǰ顣˲ᣡкܶ˷׭ùȥã
һѷ׭ĵײɻܵܵĻи𺳲ѣȥϵ׭⣬ѵƷ׭
һԺеųȥнӹЩ׭Ҳ˵һ仰뿪ٶʮ֮졣
ŶԷ뿪Ҳһ첽ȥ
ٴλصСߵʱһصĵطдܳ㰲Ȼ˷ܲѡ
˵ʲôȴһץסСƬȫĵط֮һ
ץУ˼£ȴˮд΢𶯣Ƚ׶ѨǺܿ׷ܱܷͷ
ŰץָǱС
ףٴȫʪ͸Ѿû·ٻֻܺ޺޵ĵһ㡣
㿴һۣȡһԼ·Ҫǲʹҵģ㴩ʪĲá
һ㶣벻㻹ôϸĵһ棬˵ͷ󣬽ӹ滻
·ͬʱԼʩչ˼ؿڷѪȶ
ЩʱŴȡõףһֱֱĶסԭ׼صѧԺɣڿֻðˡ
Ǹҵţһһնɱǵģҧ˵󣬾׼ʯҶ
ոջ˾ٶһ֮󾪺㣡㲻װɣ
ţͷҲûصĴ
仰ͣκףҪ׼еҩҩԼ׼ʾԲ٣Ȼں׼ף


132 
ڰ׵ʯҶʱٴοһ׵ӿò˳ȥĵ㣬ٴα׵ǣһ׵ϡ
һĻѾֲˣĿֱֱĿ㣬ȻֱֱץףסĿһĻʵʲô׼ͽץף⻹ĹʣܽףǾ߶ҪСӦԵװ
䡭ץ׵ʱı۾ҿ㱻Ѫģģ
ֲ׵кһϣתâ֣źϵһ׵硣ܽ׵Ŀ񱩲ûΪ׵类ɶԵÿ񱩣һִ׵类߸ƣ嵽׵硣
˿񱩵׵磬ڵ쳣˷ܣתһϵ׵磬ܸо𽥵׳תٶҲԽԽ졣
ױ׵¶Լʲô˺ĿҲע⵽Ͽ񱩵ľܽסһ׷ɢģžܽӶȥ
䡭
ܽ׳׵ıһԴ׵ڱʯѽĿֲ
͡
һ׵ĺ£һѪҺӿֲ׺͵ʹ¡ܽײףоԼĹͷĿҪ飬ͬʱԺҲоһĸо
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һӡӵϵÿһطžܽס£һɹ׵翪ʼĴľоһʹ飬׵Ĵ£Ϊ׵ֻϢһ̿ʼ
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۾ÿһĻץףһ׿񱩳ѾޱȡܴʱΪʹŤˣϢס
һ޷߶ףΪʲôͽȥδͨϵķ׭ͼʱ̲סϹ壿
㣬ľ壬Խǿɸﵽ֮߾ͿʼԷԼ塣Ϲеٮٮߡ
ط׭壬ϹܶеĳʱȻûΪ̫ʱ̫ûﵽĵزط׭壬֤Ϲ塣
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ͼķ̶ȣԼط׭תٶȣϹ֮УҲǼ俿ǰһ֡
뵽Ϲ壬塣壬Ϲ֮ϵĶ֮ϹŴңҲûжӵˡ
Ȼ֪ط׭ĸֶжѾڷžܽס΢΢ɿǣ׺͵ϣǿܾܳܽ׵һδγ
Ȼͬһʹʵ
׵ʱܵͬӿڣ۳һֲ籩Ϣ籩֮£
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ڣһϸСľֳһɴִľѭ£ٴζһִۺһɹУʵͬУе
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ˬĿҪڶ̶ʱڣʵӶ쮵졣ȻⲢûֹͣϢ
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Ȼɴ۾ĳ㲢û⣬㾪ϲѵŴѨᴩľǻĹг˵û뵽ףȻ۳ˡ
ζҪľۣʵı仯ڵѭϣɹӿвϱ£ʼϵۡ


133 
ȫȹ̣ӨӴССᴩʱҲͻƿﵽʵΧһ˿ɺȭͷ͵һգһϱŷһʯ֮ϣʯ˲ֱĩɢռһƬϽ۾
ȵһ벻ףΪ֮ࡣҪ֪ҪáҪǣҲû⾫ЧҲԶԶȲ״
΢΢ԺУм׭ʹԼߡ֮ǰķ׭Ÿֵķ׭ЧȻҪǿĶ࣬ɴҽη׭
ϸϸĲ̽һҵһڲͬķ׭ջ
ջ֣֮֮ŭ
̶̼֣쳣ʱʾĽջҲǵһضѣ֮ŭžأʹʱֻһأҲܸоķˡ
ʵ׭ż㾪ǣ䣬ʩչԶԶǿ֮ǰǰԸ֮ЧʱȴģҪǴʱ֮ߣȻô󷽴һ
ΪģתϢһջĿ鲻ԽתƵ֫ϣ뵽Ť֫ʱǶôˡ
̥ǵ㣬쿴ƺܶࡣ׵ĿֲӶ쿪ʼܶࡣҪǱߣ쿪ʼҲǴﵽ죬졣ͣȴֻ졣˷׵ĸо
֪Ϲ壬ѶҪѵࡣǾѣҲڲɣȻ֪ҪɲŴ壬ҪȻͲˡ
㿴Ŀעɻʵѵֳ˧𣿡
㵣Ťͷˣɵһô죿
ɱˣûǵë˵ĻһμȻҪ
һ漴˵ͷ˵ɱ˲ʲôֵ̫顣
ٴǱ档ǱٰԼһ·
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ףͦǰߡ
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Ǻǣ仰Ҳ˵ġܹ¶ȥҲ۾¶СЦǾԼ̫Ϊˡ
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ëŭֵĿŹᴩʱγһѪͬʱëŭĺëŭ˫ͫףžֺȻء
ŵصëŭջͷãץëŭʬǰߡ
һҲױɿЦһڲǰ߻׷Ǳѡ


134 ʰӶ
ëϺëֵΧŴǣĿŴǣдżֳȣСӣƷｻ뿪
һǵѪҺĿĿŶԷ϶ˣɱüƸסΪ׭ԵʣƸոջظʱ˲ơ
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һУǼġβŭգ
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ģëϵһ䣬ëȵһ֣Сնɱˣ
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ȫŰ˵㣬һ漴ɺɱѵ㻹طɣ


135 ϴٲֿ
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γѪҺ쭶ܿѪҺָһ¶ԷĶͷëϺȻء
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ëʹΪ񱩱ʵ˼֣ɲŲϵľ룬㳹׵ѹƣһ׵ϣǹɹѪҺ³
ʩչ׵ʱһͻȻëĺ˹ë׹ᴩ緢һѪҺ
̲סһ䣺ݣ
սһ㣬ɴܿ˵Ű˺п𣿱̬
һ仰һ㶣漴ĴЦЦǰѣ֫Ť»۶ϣɢŮջ󡣴ӱ˵仰Ц˿ģǴĴǿ̬̲סˡ
㣡̬ƲסЦظһ䡣
һһͣûбߣԼôͳˣôܺͱ̬ϹֻڵĲë㲻ɺ޺޵ĵ˴һۣ˵ɱôأ
׼˵ʲôʱȴ˵һ֣ӶŶΣ
һ㶣漴ƲƲ죬ʾ˭Ǳ̬Ȼϴ˵ððһ£˭ɱ˶࣡

ʹ˵ĿתŷԶԶֹŮˣǿԵľ磬ǻҪ¡
ȻǶ鲢û飬ȱǰȥѰӶնɱ
û˵ʼءôܽף㳶ɤӴ󺰵
ֻŴ󺰣ȴ˿û׷ȥ˼ʵ㻹׷ȥ𣿵϶ˡ
ʼν˵ˣųҽˡЩϺзͽɡ
˵꣬еĲȥһ͵ģ
֪Ӷŵܲɣٺ٣ȥĲֿ⣬ûʲôֵǮĶ۾ֵûëʬѰһëëȻûٶϣȥһЩ⣬ûбġ
ĲԱֳ֣ıĵĿ˿㡣ȴ˿һȥ
·˺ܿʹﵽӶŵܲ㾪ȵǣŲٵʬ壬඼һ
ߵĵͦģȻɱˣٺ٣ֱɡЦ
ȻżӶûǴһ׵硣
׵£һ·ûһ·ߵ˲ֿ⡣
һ׵£ֿʯ˲ֱ㲢񣬳ǰһĽ鱦֮ࡣԼĹһ£ÿһ䶼Ųʮֵ䣬ʮļֵ
һĿЩ鱦ƿĿתһŵľ䡣ǰûж룬һ׵棬˲䵯
ߵľǰ򿪣ͽ鱦ȣľȫһЩ鼮ƿ֮ڵĶ
ϸϸĲ̽һоëĵƷϵҲëϵĹҲǵƷΡƷԼƷʮ౾
ЩҪǷУܴ׬һʡ
ٴβ鿴ƿֶһЩҩлָģдʵģ˵ģһЩ׵ҩ㲻𵱳õƿеҩе˼һּõˮ
ڼľһּɢζĺľʱͷϲ
Ҫǿķ׭ҪĲҲ󡣱ڵʵҪӵ㹻Ĳϣķ׭ܴﵽĹһЩＶĲĻʵķ׭
ǰĺľֱϡ
һѺľջ׼ľ£Żʱ򣬴ҲСɨٲֿ⣬Ҳ룬첽ǰѼװŽ鱦ľռ䱦С
Ȼֿ죬Ҳֻľ鱦ľ䡣ľ䣬һһ룡
ǾǰС̫޳ˣۻ峡ȴֱӱ˵ĲֿˡбȫСڵĿӣ뵽⣬ǿһۣŮ˻湻ġ
Ȼ֪ʲôҪȻȻԩ


136 
ȡҲ⣬˵ȱ١û˼ʹڽľеõĶ
ǿһۣ㹰ֵѧԺ
˵꣬ǾӰʧС뿪ɨһֿ⣬ûʲôֵǮĶҲһֿ⡣
˲ֿ֮ͻȻ˵ȥһط
ţ
˴δӦôˬ죬ĿһۣѾñһε׼ˣȴû뵽һ̬
ӶҵͷƥϡƥȻƿأʹץƥҲƷȥ
һ·ۣǰƷеĸоϵ΢΢ǰ㣬Բę޳Ĵȹճ˵ߡ˿ĳᱡɴƮ𣬶˵ͬ䷲䡣ԴճյĿǰ˼䲻ӦڵĿ⾹Щ޷ƿĿ⡣
㻤Ȼ·żһЩǿ׵£ޱȱ뿪һǰһƷٶȲϵƶޱ޼ʵĲԭ㲻֪˶ãǰ泤Ųԭ֮ҡ
һ֮ͻȻסƥ˻ХС˺ͣǰ·ͲԭΪһ塣תͷ㣬崼׳ͷʣɢһ󣬳ĵüӨ͸ƻáһ˫۾ؼеһȪӨͨ͸峺졣
㣡ǰȹҹӣһ֮ɫ
ţˣһƬԭһޱ޼ʣïʢһɫոձܹĲԭ
ҧҧ촽˵ͷҵɡҾ;԰ȫˡ
ôټɣ㿴ǰŮˣĿɨԸе֫Ц˵
˵ͷԼϵ·лټ㣬һ·ġ
ãЦŵͷ֪Ůݲ򵥣ãã磬Ժܼܲһ⡣ŵ͵һĳŵɡ
ûм˵ʲôһµƥٴƷ缲۶ߡĿ뿪ĽͲԭϣԽԽСʧС
ǰѾûеӰŵתƥ·۶ߣ

ƥһ·£׳ǵľҲԽԽ׳ǲԶŴƥϷ£ƥƥŻزԭź׳ǵķȥ
ʿأԲ˲񱼵ģףǽȴҪѵöࡣ
ոշƥʱǰȴһŭȣվס
ŭ£ͻȻܳǿǿһֳַıǰһ̶ӸΧס̶ӲԶ㣬ȻҲΧȥ
㶨Ȼ˹ȥЩǿа̶֮࣬ӲŲʮˡЩǿ̶ӵһЩţ֮һ˵ĺ£̶ӵĻΧһţѻεĻס
λ磡е̶ӣ֪λܷһӣ˵̧꣬һǧ֮ࡣ
Ȼټֲ֣ӦͻǮֶѣĴ˵ֵ̫顣
Ϊ׵ǿɨһ˳İЦЦѪͬԸϾɱԷȻ·Ҳֵøˣ˫˵Ѫ
ϰȻϵ̫˵𣿡Ϊǿ۾ע
Ϊ׵ǿһʵλҪ٣
һҪһ֣ǾĻǿ˵һ
ĬһһȻ˵ࡣǿЩǿԺ󶼵
ϰ˵仰ɡǾӲԶǿҲ¾ӡҪǲҾֵֻܺĻˡԶĻӦòһɡ
ǿĻһ漴˵ͷٴƳǧ
ǺǣϰȻµˣǿЦһָʾСǰȥհͬʱÿһ·Զʱ΢΢һ㶶һǿһ
һǿ˲ˣΧȻСҲⰡܶһһ㣬ǿľ硣
СӣֵǮĶһǿֵĿ㡣
㿴ҲûпԷһۣǰȥֱЩˡ
Щǿһ㶣û뵽СţСӣ𣿰Ѳ
Ļδ˵꣬һ׵ʹͷ׵£ԭǿ˲䵹ڵϣһɹѪҺӿ
һССǿҲǰڲѷģӿǼҶһ
һǿͣ׼ҶʲôֵҫģѵˣҶһֺţƵְҵǿţɣ
ǿϲѪͬ飬һΧˮйͨ
ɱСӣΪ׵ǿŭһһǿոôһ̶ƵĶԷοǶԷһˡ
ǣܿǰͳ˿ֲһĻֻһ׵֣һǿϣĵڵϡ
Χĵ꣬һѰѵķ׭˿û۵ĸоռ׵һ㡣Ȼһٶˣ׵£̶ʱʹ뵹£µʮˣʵﵽƷ֮ϲεġǿܿסһ׵磡
ͬ͵һĻ׵׭ôֵǮСӾȻʹáܼӰܼӰԷһЩҲܼҵĺð
ķ׭ҲɱΪ׵ǿû׵ջء
ǿͷŭߵһ֮ߺɱ
ǿͷӿԷķ׭֮µſֲĳǶ֮Чʹˡô£ǿͷŭѡ
ųǰȥ֮ͬ̾һʢȻոմռϷ磬Ƿ׭ʧȥЧ˼նɱ
ǰһĻȴǿͷӵɴ۾ϵʿ
ֻһ׵֮ϣ˲ͱشһѪҺ
ľδֻ꣬һ˼۶ȥ£µͬһո
ʹΪǿͷӣҲûмֶõʱ䣬ͱնɱ
Ŷ̶ʱڣһ˵ǿžͱ˸ˣ̶ӵ˴͵ע㣬һ
ɱ֮˺ûͣǵķ򼲳۶ȥܿʧУ
ʧӰɵǸ꣬Ȼ˿ֲʵ
ǿȫûϾ͸ջЩ


137 С
㣡ѧԺգոӹһ׷ȴڻȥ·ϿһϤӰ̲ס˵Ĵ
ǰһбڶĴϣϴһ˿޵Ц⣬ǴУܸһаȣرǵŵ֦˼ĸо
ʲôʱģЩȸԾĵע㣬ľһŮഺĶ
㿴ǰգĿƶպ廬촽ϣ˹ɢ̲סͷҪס
ЦõĶܿһµ֦ճ֦ģˡ
ŵĴģŬĿҪ㿴һ㶼࣡
Ŵ˵Ż˵ĻˣֻģЦϡյЦܸоҲܵȾƵģá
ռͣвһ¾ͲŹ˼ܿ˿漴ͬѵˮٵһ£漴ϴżֺΣˣ׼ʹˣ
ս޶˵ģЦЦҲյ뷨ǰ廬۰֬ľŮӣС㣡Ưˣ
յԴƺȻ뵽ʲôգͻȻ˷ܵĶ˵㣡ûи߹㣬ѧԺŪһ䣬סĲԶ
ţ㾪ȣﻹͨѧԺΪѧԺŪһ䷿䡣
һ˵ˣܲðŪѧԺѧϰҪʱɫ̲סЦ
ЦĿģҲ֪ʲô顣һҶѧԺѧϰʹ֮ӵݣҲЩѶȡϾѧԺȻ׳ǣȴǶĴڡ
ߣҴȥᣡѾ㲼úˣ˷ܵĿ㣬ԼĽ⡣
ȸԾգ˵ͷһ·ǰȥ
ˣ
һǰ浲סӵˣ̲סüͷ漴תͷ˵㣡ߣ
ЦЦĿⶨϣղĵꡣ
ͬһ㶣ǲûΪڶ㣬ֱֱ߹մżּᶨ֮ɫ
þòŵ꣬һΪҶš
þòкøеģһ׷ŮˣΪѴ۶ԽԽµˣֵ𾴡룬ˡ
ǰ׷Ů˲öô
Ҫ˵仰Ŀ⿴㡣
˵ЦЦ˿ֵ̱쳣зȣնɻѡ˲ҲСôʱ˴ȣĹ緶
Ȼղ֪ķҲǶ˶ԣҪǱ˵Ļһȭ˹ȥ
Ŀ⿴˵˵ҪҴﵽԶŴߵʵһ˷زſҵ׷ôҾ͸㣬ҽ
Ļ̲סһջǸҿڣԶŴǿǱԪ绹ǿĴڡһ˷أǲɵΪͷſں˵ˡ
ͬû뵽ſں˵Ļᵱ棬һ֮ŤͷҲ
ˣżᶨ˵ҴӦģһ
㿴뿪ɫ΢΢ЦЦ˵һкܶ׷Щŵܱ޲ԼͬЩŵɲ˵ģһȥ׷Ҳĭѡ˵ŶôȵУΪҡΪԼԼܸоԼŻţ
ҵңա
ͬʱֲסЦЦ˵ôȴĳɹܣôһ죬ҲֹġΪСҲ㣡
ֱֱĶ㣬ֵ֮кΪеһġ
Ц֮ӵİϣҸԸˡ
һ㶣仰˼ҲûʡǼ˵ġӽ֮ҲѧԺٳǰʱ򣬶Ȼɳŵ֮ʱ
ɿգһ欻ˮһӱϵˡ
ռ㿴ƺ֪ʲôգ޹㣬ɫװſ
㻹δ˵ʲôͻȻ˵ϴܹһΡһҲ˶죬Ҫһ¡
㿴ǰӣ漴ЦЦ˵ȥɣʹǶ죬ҲҵĶ֣
Ļһ˵ô֪
˵꣬һȭݺݵĺ˹
ˣܿȭͷ˵ȥɣ
ûȰ˵ڵӿٴһȭ㿴ﵽĿĲݵĳ̶ȣҡҡͷӭ
䡭
ûжȫһȭ뿪ɳȥһѪҺӿ
ڵ滮һĺۼǱסӰ𾪵Ŀ㡣
ȥɣ˵㲻Ҷ֣㵭Ŀ˵
죿ɴ۾㣬޷̶ʱͽ졣
ЦЦûлش𣬶תͷ˵С㣡߰ɣ
յ˵ͷһۣ˵һҺܸмϲİɡ
һҵĳŵģգ漴Ŀת㣬Ȼǿһһᳬġ
ЦЦûлͷڰֵҵôһ죡
ĿעƬ֮Ťͷ뿪Ӽᶨϡ
ƺҲתͷıӰһۣ漴˵֪ô棬ҾͲ˵Ǹˡ
һˣǵļֵġ㲻˵Ҳġ㰲ο
һ仰պùһЩ
ţˣ㣬Ĵﵽˣʵ
ҡҡͷҲ죡
յ˵ͷҾ˵ôô죡

գҲ죬죬뻹ûô˵ĬյĻ


138 Ǵ󻵵
յѧԺסûã㻹ЦװУ·˹ǻϢͨƷȴУ֪ԼͶС´һ¡
㣡䲼õ治·ķ䣬̲סȻһЦ
Ŀ⿴գĵͬΡⷿȫյİòõģǴ磬ܰŮԵķۺɫףһСŮ˵ķ
Ȼʱ㲻ôˣϾһۺɫĳŮϢķڣ˸оֵֹġ
䱻װεķۺ쾫Ҳˣ㿴Ŵǽϼ֣ˣŮҪ
ȻҲǽϼ֣˲ЦЦǰʹļ˵֣ͬ㣡
ֻڿǽϣĴǽϡǴ󻵵
ռԴɿֱЦץס⼸ֵ֣˫ĵӣЦ׼
㱻ץס⼸ᡣ룬ǳ׻ٵˡҪǰ绨ѩ£Ů˻ҹ˿⼸֣¾Ҫ˦뿪ˡ
㣡ıеģŰɡﲻֻĺȻЦ
ô˵Щ˷ܵ˵ǵǵģԭҲΪģ

ЩһһͣоȺڣȺڴеĵͻͷɽץ֣ĿڴǼתƿԺԲܴ˽䣬رŮˡ
ȹЩ죡æѧԺǿ޴ʯд⼸֡տЦ
ͬĿһۣٷЦĸ
һȺ˴Ȥһ˵ûȤһط
ʲôطɻʵ
ĵط˵Ҹ׶Ҷߵĵط
һ仰Ȥ︸ʲôˣǺ׳ǵİޱȡһЩ֮ϵĴҪܼһžλ˶ȥߣǾвѰ֮
ãǾ͸ȥ档Ц
ȻҲȤ˵Ҫһȥ
ĵͷӦ£վǵȵңȻס
뿪ЦѹңһŮѹҪػˡ
ЦЦҲѹ
ĻЦȻ֪˵ʲô˼ȥ԰ϵѹ⣬ͬһ޴ĺ蹵ʱǼҶݣȴΪ
һֱִûһҶ̬ΪԼǼҶˣ벻㻹ǻΪѹ·ͬЦ
ʼ磬ǲںȴҪںһյĸܡ
㿴һǽϵļ֣ȴûжĨ˼ЦֲŰɣ
Цű޲ԼŬԼΪһ󻵵Ҫʵźã
Ȼſںĵ׵̾յĳ谮ǰûһƢƵġﵱȻûƢദôãСŰǿģͬ˶ֱӲ˿ʾôûƢƢҪ󼸷֡
ǣܶʱһú鶼ֻһЦʿ
ﲻ𵱳ΪĶסʲôˡ⡣׵ֻǼ򵥵˵һ仰һͬ˵һȥɱĶ˵㺬ЦΪԼһװɰЦôˣͳˡ
ǰ仰ǿšǴ󻵵Ǽ֣ոոյĿЦͻȻЩˡͻȻǰ̫ڲͬˡ׻˶ꣿʲôΪ˴ôȴһˡĲʮɡ
ͻȻĬΪɳǼֵУЦ˻ţҪһЩȤġţԺܶ༸Ȥ
ЦЦ̾һѹ˵ҪĥҪĻ˭óдϼ֡㲻ᷢҲ϶װǼָǻٵĨ
סܽҲ֪ȥʲôܿ͸˻ΪܶԵϸӺӨʮˡ

ź׳Ƕȥûмٻ԰ˣͷЩȣһ㶼Ӱģл඼ͬʱж
԰غٻأʵ
ٻؼȥˣܹʱ԰أ㲻֪ɻĿ㣬ĵȴѣ԰صĿУȻ֪㵱Ƕ԰һ֡
֪ʲôɻѡ
ٺ٣԰ҲǴˣǳӣͷǺߡȻһЦ
ɳˣż־ȸ˵˵û뵽ĳΪˡ
һĻƺϱȻƫԼҡƺĵһȻ΢΢ƫԼңȴûкԡЩ˵죬Ȼѵһ۸ˡõϢĳƺŭڶ۾ֱԱԼ̬ȡڼʹ»ǺܿصġԡȻһЦ
ǸͽȻôţµ۶߲ѵ˵ⲻ붼֪˭϶˭ġ
߲ѵģ̲סһȴۼ˵û֤ݣԲ˵˶Ϊġ
·һһ̲ͣס֡Ťͷˣ̫αˣ֪黹װر㣬Ҳ֪ĸ쵰ģȻ֪
ղ֪˵ʲôԼҳΪĵҲЩˡϾصľ棬ⲻ˺ǳ򽻵ڰңոԸԼҴ򽻵οԼҹӹϵǳ
˵Цĸ׳ǣﵽǺ·ȥ
һƬǵϳǺ׳ϵһƬȻЩˣԻϳǧҪòȡˣпһסƶ񷿵ߣһǿߡЦ
·˶̲סһôǿߡ
ƺҲԼ˵ЩţȻһЦⲻ˵ģҶôԡȻ˵Щţصǿ߻вٵģһҴȥľһλȻ֪ǿҸ׶мӣزҸס
Ļڴ︸Ǻ׳ϵǿߣܲףǿԷĿֲˡ



139 ѵ

һŵʱһ汻ȺһĽϤĽһ鲻Խתͷȥ
ѣ㾪ȵĿû뵽סһܵĽݹ΢żֲơЩլӵǶСһҲǹסĳ
ֻЩһЩ˵Ĺ塣Źͷȴûк͹ƥݡ
Ӳ濴һ־УëֱͦıκԲ򢣬һֱ쵽£̲ס뿴ݡ˼ϸ׵ͬ㣬ǰ͹µŮ壬Ϊˡ
һˣѹˡʹգݣ̲ס̾һ
·ʱҲԱ˵룬ҪҪȥһŮˣ˶ɡ
㣿´·һۣ·õǿԣֻ֣ϲ׵ļŮ˵мֿܡֻŮ̹·Ҫѣ
Ҫ뱻һ¡ȥһ£Цſ·
·ȻЦҿɲҳԣҪȻܾЦ
ǿܾܾһᱻܾЦſ·
ȻһЦһѺĿƶԱߵһŮϣŮ磬εģ۰ףʱҲһ˰ɡֻʱŮȴŭǰһȺˣŭͬʱż־塣
ҪҪȥռֻŴѵԸȴ˿ûȥʲô˼ʵ
ʼ磬ļΣǰȥҪһ
ŲߵǰŮ˼Ｘ˴Ż£еľ֮ɫٴŨ˼֣Ϊ⼸ӸҲǶһȺ˵İ֡
ѿյˣɫһϲ
ߵǰʵôˣ
ѿһۣĿ⵹ûʲôܸоĿ⣬ܴżֱĵӣͷŮ˻ˡ
գҸôѿգָǰһ˺
ʲôˣɻʵһЩЩˣһ㣬Ʀ
ߣһоĴ֣мȨǿǵĸۡǲͬ⣬ͻǮƦÿɧǡѺݺݵĵǰһۡ
һ仰˲ͰռŭˣŮĹʣǿǿ飬ﻹ̵ס
ģҽȥЩƦߣմ˵УǿˣԸһЩƦ׾١
մӦôˬ죬΢΢ЦЦҲû˵ʲôֻĿתΧСеһȺƦȷʵûġ
ټЩӸԼŮ˺ϤӣһͬʱΪյĻǰĵƦοвߣдﵽƷ֮ǿߣĸˣܸ߶Է
ѣǣʵ
裡ͬѧգѽգԭ·ģ˵ݣվûнܡԵĸ߰ûԼһ£˵ֻΪԼ׽
ĸãչɵһǧ
ٸϽͷӦ⼸˵ʣس˵ܰǼҽⷳ˵顣
ĸģͰЩƦߣնŻ˵漴㡣
νʼ磬ǰ̤ǰȺƦ˵ɣԺҪˡ
һȺƦ˿ˣƺҲЩ˵ݣ漴ʵ֪λλ˵Ĺӣ֪ܷоһӡҪΣǶȻˣô˵ŵл
㵭˵Ҳʲô˵ĹӡǴ˵ĵŵлͲˣɣ
һ仰һڵƦһۣһϲҫԼݣʱСӾȻ˵Ǵ˵Ĺӣ治ˡû˭ԼĸĸЦ
լǴҪˡһĶֵϣǴҪĶûҪġΪ׵ĵƦ㡣
仰ûЦΪ֮ӵ˵仰һССоȻ˵仰
㣡ʱ䲻ˣҪǲ֣Ǿˡ˵ҲʮֲˬЩˡ
ĻЦЦӡһ׵ЩƦ˹ȥΪڣûŪĶôѪȣ׵ȼ
ʵǼʵҲܹ׵ʰЩˡ
һ׵һҽ֮ϡһȺƦھ
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Ϊ׵Ӽֵһ׵磬ڲȾ뿪Ѿֵᣬӡһ׵ݺݵĺ֮ϡ
һ֮£ΪƷߵѪݺݵڵϣɹѪҺӿ㿴һĻ΢΢ЦЦΪ˵ɣ´ο㻹ͲСˣҪ
ƦֵĿ㣬ոյһ׵磬һҲҶһѰѪΪ̧ԶͿֶΣѾǺƵˡرϵʿݣǾ֡
Щͨ˵ﵽ֮ϵʿݵλо˿ҿӣǴǳ顣
׾͸Ⱥͷ۵ĵƦĵͬѡ뵽Ϊϵʦ̲סҪܰæģ˵ԼҵѾӭжˡ
С˼϶Ѻѣͬѧȥ
ٵĻѿһۣڻٱӵĿ£ЩԸ㣺ȥ
źﻹҪȥˣЦЦ˵ˣ´ʱɣ
ĻһŤͷ뿪к޵ĲˣԼھȻڼӣĸԽжȥ
Ťͷ뿪һ㶲ֵ֪ŮˣεĿһۣȴֻЦţĲѡ
ߵꡣһ˼ǰţ
ȥ̾һ޺޵ĵһ˵һ˶벻
Ѹоίˣڣǲʲô취
ѵĻ̾һ˵ݣǲԸǼཻˣΰֻ˳ֶѡ뵽⣬̾һ˵ȥɣǹ¶ĸģһֶ֪ܼá



140 ʿ
ˣָǰһϵķ˵ȵȽȥСһЩкܶŹֵĶ
Ļ˵ͷѷϡ
լܴӣ㣬Ҳ֪ܴܲȥҪҲܴǽȥֻܿԼŬˡҸ˵ֻҪδʮ꣬ԼߵǰһӴξҺ·ģҸ׵ͷҲܽȥ˵
˵ʱ򣬲ҲȥŲľͷĵذϣΪµĹϵϵЩϵذܲܳǵ
ڽլ㷢һɭϢռ䡣ɭϢ£̲סıֱۡ
壡һӡΪֵʱҲʩչ£һյϢһ׭漴ڡ
׭ںܵа˲䱻ɢԭоವĸоʧһɶ
￴ŸոձϢķ׭Ŀһʵֶ·׭
ЦЦ˵һЩЩ׭Ϻ󡣡
ո׭ƣҲףҪպƵϢһĲϿ϶ܲˡ
ȥ˵ܸܲϣ˵
ͷܵԽɭϢԽŨ㲻üͷܾʮֹ졣ǵ쳣תٶļǿ
ܶ𣿡ʵ
٣ҲҸ״ģһ˸֪׼˵ʲôһͻȻըɣ·һλͿܲߵǰˡ
ڶĻɴ۾ںϵռÿһǺεȵʵ
һתͷѯͷȥҴСȵȹ
ͷ·뿪
뿪֮ߵٴ𣺡þûп˴ϢˡǺǣǾͿûбߵǰˡ
ǰڴȻʧ㵭ĺȵ
ߵû𣬶ǸоܵɭϢٴŨ˼֡
㿴һգϻɢĹ֪ջֵܵס΢΢һЩڵҲӿס塣
㣡ôоֵֹģץֱۣܻɵĿռź¡
սյ֣׼˵ʲôüͷȴ͵һ壬͵Ľкȵ
һ׵绮ɵĿռ䣬ͬʱһҰ޵Ĳҽͬʱ𣬲ֲҽвҰ޵ĲҽСתͷȥֻڸո׵һֻһӨ͸Ķ֧飬ʧڿռ֮С
壡
㾪ڣɴ۾ĿŸոձķ
㲻½ʼеļأ۳һ۳ĻǰҪǺǿҪΪǿĵλ⣬ſ۳塣
ǣȻոһǰ϶ǺǿĵλҲԲʺλá
㣬ȴ壬ֻ˵һ⡣Ϊԭ뵽⣬̲סһ
½Ͼһּأ½һʿ츳쳣ƿһʿһЩܽδʧΪūͣһʿʮֲֿ˳ƺΪʿ
һǿĹʿּܻΪսһʿضֹ죬ֺ¡
ʿͷ𾪲ѣû뵽½ʼпǼأһʿټϵʿҪټҾϴڣҲٳ˵С
ϿҪɢϽٴδһϣȴӵľ塣
㣡һӨϻͻȻָһ󺰵
һ仰һ㶣˳յķ򿴹ȥûзʲô״Ҳûм˵ϻǣϸϸ̽һܸоͨ״һ˹ȥ
䡭
׵ռʱһ׵ָķ򣬹Ȼһֻϻ帡֣ϻ˲䱻ķֱ
׵磬ǹʿĿǡԣʿľǺʵ൱ʿһʿҲ¡
㣡ʲôôô˵еĹ갡սקֱۣѹϣܸоеµ塣
壡ɡʹ˵еĹкܴ𣡡͵еǾȲѡûзֵ壬Ϊʲôտô
㻹δ˽վָһ˵㣡ҲУ
һ׵ȥȻһֻ屻
һ·߹ղָһ׵Ҳ˳һ˹ȥһ׵£һֻֻ屻顣
ںʱͷҲ𺳲ѣЩǿĴﵽʵ٣Ҫһָֻֻټ׵ЧҪԸЩ壬Ǻ鷳һ·׵ɨȥˡ
ֻһۿȥܰ巢֣ĵ׾Ȳѡ
Ů˵˫ʲô۾̬˵ȻҲ׿˦˦ͷ˳ָŵķһ׵
մӸոյĺ£ܿĺ˷ָһһĸоָ㶯ĵ㶯£һֻֻ
յϣ˿ûӳ٣Ƶڴȥ
ܿ죬Ϳ˵Ǹ䡣
׼ʱһ𣺡ףô죿
ƺҲû뵽ô嶼û赲ãոֻź̸ۡǲ̽ռˣһβ̽ͷȴӾȣô壬Ȼ˰ֻ֪Ŷʮֻ֮塣
ùŹֵСӣûǶ׵ͷȵ̾һ
ŽյĴţľһǰڴǰݷǰ
ѣľĴ򿪡
㶨ۿȥ·˹һǰɫ󡣶ľŴ򿪵һ˲䣬˲оɭϢʧһɶһϢɢù첻ѡ


141 Ĺͫ
֣Ҿ֪ߵ⣡ô͵˵Ķ㺰
ЦЦյ֣ϵ߹һǰ
ռǰ
߶˵ͷʾʱ򡣲Ŀע⵽յʱһ㶺ͻȻ˵㿿һҿ
տǰͯպ׷ߣ׵һμôͻȻ͹עԼˡ
ͻȻһ㶣ѵλ¸صǰҲ̾յò̲ס뿴һ㲻ɣ
ռֱֱĶɫ΢΢Щ̡תͷһ㣬ĵͷ£ſǰ
۾һ㣡߶˵
ŬԼ۾ﲨתܿüˮ͸һ˵㷢յ˳С
ֱֱĶյ۾ĿȶأĿ⿴շ飬Щܿߵ
ڼֲס˺󼸲ץֱۿ㣬㿪ߵĿ⡣
߼ˣ뵽ԼոյľٶΪ֮һ죬ոճȶЩ̰Ŀ⣬˻ΪϲջĿ⣬һ΢΢ЩĹͫ
˶Ϊ֮һ㶣˵ʲôֻȻ߼ƣ˻Ʋסľ̾Ľ
ߵ̬𺳲ѡʲôˣ׳̮ҲɫˡǣһΪյһ˫۾ɫ䣬˹ŹֵĿա
һɻ߼˵ͫڤͫĹͫͫͫϹʱڴʣÿһֵͫӵߣʵھ䲻˵޵Уӵж֣ڡһһ𣡡
ߵĻԭأ޷󵽵׶ǿϹʱһɾһ
ǰ˼ӵĹͫ￴һա
˵ĹͫܶһЩڤпɵЧӵĹͫˣĹʿǵֻҪͫͿԡ
ߵĻûһ˿ɡոյһ·֤ߵĻ
ͻȻͳһ鼮鼮Ϲâתɢ߲Ѥݸ˵żȻõһ鼮ҲұΪ鼮֮һȻӵĹͫùȥض
մнӹҪȴôҲ򲻿
ͫĿȥеϢȻ뵽ԺСϧĹͫʺϵĻϹһλҪܽ²ǳΪһҲǴϣڡ˵꿴˿е鼮˵ܷӳĹͫʵͿ컯ˡ
лǰȻͫĿϹŶ˾ɾޡǲûзϣ˵鲢ĵġ
߿һۣĿת㣬˵ҵЩΪʲôô쵽ˣĹͫ·޴Σ¶Ĵ֮Щּܱˡ
õ׵磡͵
ϵʿ߾ĿһۣЩڸոֻź˵ûзֳһȥעˡ
ǰɣҲ֪ôش𣬾ģɵ˵
ǣ߶Ļشʮֲ˵ʩչһҿ
ͷӡһ
߼͵Ĵλ۾ԲĿ㣬ôʩչ˴ĵ
֮ɫˣͲ֪塣ϹžͿʼڵǵʿġ
ո㴿µĵֱֱĶ˵ĸҵĵӣӵ˴ĵӣĵĵӡ
ߵĻüͷҵһССҶӵܡ
Ҷ߾ڣԲ۾㣬ôܣǼҾԴٳˣҲȥҶ
һЩ飬ʶһҡǴϹžʹģӵһʥѪļ塣ļ壬Ѫ֮ԽŨôλԽߣԽĵӸոʩչĵȫΪĵǾ˵Ѫ֮ǸΪġһôܸһ׵ССҶ
תͷͷ߻᲻ɴԭأûзӦ
ĵôõһУ
룬ҪЩˣôֻǴеõˡ
ǰɣҲýͣ˵
ش𣬿ЦһҲʮΡ޷еõϢžǰȥ̽㡣ľ뵽Χڵʱڵ׾ͷתһ΢صľ˲䱻׺ӿϣƾ
ף߾ȣǱӿӶȥ
ɹɾҪڣȴȫֵ
ף𺳵Ŀ㣬Ʒף
ҡҡͷ˵ԣƷϢԲģ
ƱƷ׻ҪƳ󡣿ǣȴСüͷʲô
Сϵʲôջ̽ľ׵Ļ壬׻ԸҪȻͲǿ̽顣
ϸϸĸ̾һ׵Ϣ̲סϲ׵ĺϢ£ʹƷǱףһһҪǣĻ׵УȻܸо·ĸϢִɻ󣬵Ǹоȴ
ùŹֵף˵
ִϢҪġ߿˼ɫ
٣ͻȻʵ
ҡҡͷʲô
ȥòҽƵĵֻʣ·⺮ˣȷʵʲô
ô˵˵ͷ˵м˽⣬ҲһСʿҪԸ⣬ҵǿָһЩ
һ㶣ǰ˵ЦˣȻҺƺҲʺϹ
޷ϷҵеġϵҲмоЦ
ͣǿĹֻҵУеǶǿ޷


142 
˼ı飬߾֪Ź˼ɡҲѹ֣Լ̵㣬ѹֶԷ˼ɡ
㲻ù˼ʲôӵĹϵĹϵҾͲӺ㡣ҽ̵Ҫд۵ģոϵ׶ҴкôһԼ˵㻹ŲϷ򡣿Խǰ㰲ĵġ
ô˵ЦЦ˵ǰĹϵȻŵùǰֻСӵǲܽǰʹСҲ޷
ĻЦЦ˵֪Ҳûи˵Ҫװ
ţɻĿߡ
߶·˵λС·ȥһ£ЩҪ
﹪񣬺·һ뿪
ߺԭһֱߣͻȻƬֱ̼ʣһģӰӡ
ˣ𣿡
ǰߣɴ۾ĿһĻڵ壡
ߵӰָ˵Ϸֻʣ塣
ԭأôҲ벻߻ֻһ塣ߵ˿ֲǵôֲ
Ϊ֮ʧȥǿʵҲʧ˾šǣҲ׵֮塣뵱Ǻεȵơ
һ︸Ϊʲôмˡ
Щһֱ벻Ϊֻʣһ壬ҺҪֲܱ֮ɢЩһֱΪѰ֮û𡣿ǣȻ󣬵Ҫһֱ֮ҲЩѶȡ룬һҲ֮ʱǾɢ֮ʱȴ벻ףϢҪġ߿㣬Ȼ֪ʲôƷģǴӸոյĸ֪ȴʺҵġ£Ȼҵȫָ
ǰߣΪʲô߻Ҫ
ǰҪôʵ
ĻҲЦݣ֪Ӧ
ߴȡһ̵ֻĽָݸ˵һ͸ɣ

ɴ۾Ŀ̵ĽָǱȱ֪ٵĶͱͬǣӵǿĹ
ܱǧУռ䣬ǿ󡣵ΪҶܳҵԵʡʹùΣеѾ²ˡʹһζѡڲ൱ڿռ䱦ѣֻռҪԶԶƽѡ˵
ߵĻͷȱ٣˳Ŀռ䣬ҲԱȱǿ
˵ԭӰɢһ̵̣ĽָУ뷨кڽָǿСС̱ʯϣӡһССԴԺҾͲУҪľǰѵõĴ뵽Уƽڵ׶뵽С
ǰģˣ
˵꣬ڷһ˿ףָС
ϷȻû´׶Ҵá߷õЦĸˡ
һ˿˿״ӽָѭꡣʱоԼľͬΪ֮һϲ
ٺ٣СӣǲǸоҲˬҵǿȣֻҪһϢ뵽ڣкô߽͵
оԺеͬϲԺӵĿݡ
ߺȻʮ׵׵ϣÿתָһЩ׾һСƵģĸоĬĬ˼׵ʲôסһ֪״Ժ벻ͨ⵽ʲôס
һ˵СӡȻӵסа̾
ǰ̵֪ܷһЩͻȻ˵
ţȴ뿪ʱȻ̵㡣˵
仰ϲߵʵʶֻҪ̵һ㣬һˡ
õģѽָָϣָУȥоָһ޴Ŀռ⡣оһ񱩵ķ󡣲ͷ岻ѣҪǱĻԼܱ׾ٵĸݻٵĲʣ
˿ֲļ²ѵʱ˷ܲѣӦþ˵ʹһεķ
ĵҲ΢΢һЩǿĵˣҲֵܵһ

ţȴߵӰɻʵ㣡ǰأ
֪߲֪壬Ҳſ˵ǰһЩ뿪ˡ
ĻɾЩϧʱܺǰĽ̵ķᡣʱˣǴԺûĻˡ
ϧˣҪ֪ǰҪ뿪Ӧν̵˵
ĻͷҲЩж֪ԼԼʵһЩ֪Ҫ԰ϣԶʵܷϡ
߰ɣ˵
˵ͷȥҪ˵һЩ⡣֪ǰˣоʧɡ
׼뿪ʱ򣬺ϵԺ𣺡㣡֮ЩпܳΪҶɾ˳ҿô
һ㶣֪ϻ뿼һҪȻЩģҪ׾٣
ںϵȻܾԼʲô㡣
㿪ʼʩչ׵һֻֻ壬ôͷһҲʼ·ʵȻѵࡣ
Ȼ˵ĻաǰΣָ׵һһһһ㶵ġ
Ȼ˲壬һ׵һ£ã˴롣
Ĳʱ򣬺ϵͻȻ𣺡ߣֻ塣֮ϵһֻ֮ϡһ㲻ҪСŮްæԶʰǣҿôҲý̵
ף
ͷӭں˵һͲʲԸĴӦͱ¶вգЦЦû˵ʲôŮ˵Ĺͫæв
մ˼󣬽չˡŲ߶ȥ
㣡СһЩоߵɭϢŨ̲ס㡣
ЦЦĵͬżءϾֻ֮ϵڤ壬һ֮ϵģ˵ʮ־вԵġ


143 
㲽ߵһɭϢӭĿռ䣬Ҳ
͡
һƿ֮һɭ㼤ɭָ㶯⺮۶ȥһ棬ܡ
վԶպˣ鲻Խ˺֮Զ
䡭
㵲סɭʱһ׵ոӿأ׵£һֳǱĶ׵硣
壬ӡ׼ٴκһ׵ʱͬʱ˹ÿһ͵һ࣬ܿ׵磬ӡ⺮һΪ˹ȥ

ķ⺮һתˮһɹ
ӵ˶ܾʱ򣬵׵׵֣׵޴¡
ĸ壬ָ㶯⺮һֻ۶ȥ
͡
ڹŹֵУֻԱһںһķ⺮ӭȥ
ֻʵȻǿķ⺮Ȼɭ£Ǳ˿㼲۶
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ᣬֻ͵ļɢٴɢڿռС
ֻϵϣ̲סһȴò񣬸֪ſռܡ
Ϊ׺䡭
ԭվһ㣬ͻȻһָӡһ׵绮ƿռ䣬
໡
׵ĺһҽ͵һݺݵĺռ䣬̱ڵϲϰСȻ׵˺
׼ٴһ׵ʱɫ͵Ĵ䣬͵ŤתǱڸովλߡǾˣһǲֱ۶˲䱻ƣ¶ֱͨۡ
ո׼λãѣվ
㿴һԼõ·Ŀ⿴һֱһ˦һ׵˹ȥ׵£һֻ屻׵شݺݵڵϡ
㣡ɵƯ˷ܵĴ󺰵
תͷһۣעܡ
͡
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⺮ͬʱСʱһ׵ȥȻͬһܵ׵ѹƣ׵һ£ɢྡྷ׵ڤϣڤ尧
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ֻٴռ䲻㾲վԭأסעܡ
͡ȴʱһһͬʱ٣ĻᶼûС
κ𣿡Ц˫ͬʱ˪͵˦һİɾס
ڵסɾ󣬺塣ϣӵãˡ

Ĵ£׵ϣ屻شһǰһ󶼵ڵϡŵڵϵ壬׵ٴδԭش飬ܵס׵Ĺܿͳ׵ı
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ȻҲƽϣһСƨƨ˵˼룬СֻķݡȫȻﻹҪС
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ã˿ĵĸһۡ
֪ϵ۲ߣ˼˵ۣǲɿЦһ
ӵ׵֮Ըֱֻ׾١ǣȴˡѾˡҪǣΪһʿȻľ֪ʹáҪǼʩչҶǲʿϵĻԺ
Цһ֪ƨֻӡһЩ׭ôʹõ;ûй̸һжԼġ
Ҫкˡ
Сӵ̫һȥ׵Ƿ⺮ҪǿУ˵һĹֶΣܿץ㣬һٰʰ
ҲҲһҶŪ㲻ɺȻһЦǲǡ
ͷû㣬ӵôĵȻлû˵ģһЩߴ壬Ҳܻ
ϵʿΪʲôʿĵλȥױǿ췣֮⡣һԭܳΪװʵʿλߵԭ
ǣһӵдʿȻлû֪òʰһСӡ
һ㵭˵СӷģȻ̵ڽ̵֮ǰȵʲôʿҪߵ·Զ
ϵĻĵ׼ѡһ·ȱʦҪʦĻȻʵһ̨סңʲôҪǽ̵Լõĳ
뵽⣬̲סЦ
㣡ЦʲôռͻȻɵһЦ̲סʵѵַˣ
ֳƯˣҾ̲סЦˣ㿴˵
ձһ仰Ū࣬κİһۣᣡ
һ㶣˲Եͷתʱ򣬲򵥵һ佱ôôɬˣ㵱Ȼû뵽Ϊ˼ǣ㳤ƯˣҵģȻ̲סЦˡ
׼˵ʲôʱԺеٴ𣺡ǵϢСӵǺ棬ϵʱˮϵʿϵһ㶼ֻϵñȾ׵Ĵ㵹Ҽһ⡣
΢΢һЦ뻪ͨġ
Ļ̵ܽͺܶˡ˵Ȼȥ̵㣡
ͷи˹һʦ԰Ͼ͸ˡ



144 ʿ
֮꣡Դһʿǿ󣬶ȻǿΪԴ׳ԼЧ
ԺлϵĻںϵָ¡ڶʿż˽⣬Ҳڰѷɢľ۶Ϊá
ھۺܸое˵ĻôʿľȻķʽͬǵ;ͬ顣߽׳꣬ʿʡȻ߶дЧȴƫءһʿҪԶԶǿͬһߣҲҪԶԶǿꡣ
˫޵ĹҪȻĵز
ǣ˫޵ĹεѰѰҲþϾĹҪܶࡣû
ǰĻģͬûӦúףҪȻͬ䡣
һ·ԼȻеһжӡԺУû˿ǣ̵ֻӦ֮ȴ˿ûἰ㶼һ·Ϲġʱʦָ㣬ھҲ
Ҳǵһ֪ԭʿǳϣҲ̺Ժеĸ֮С˳źϵָһ£Ժҵ˶Ѩ
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ͬģΪƿؾʩչҲǿࡣĵǾ͸ɢȻǱȫƿضʩչȻҪԶ
һ̱Ŀֲѡһ֮ࡣ룬Ҫʩչ׵Ļ֮ϵ߱Ҳش֮ǰֻشһ졢죬˺̫롣
ںϵָ£ʩչֱģҪֻĻ壬׵ĿЧ׾ٵʰԷ
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ϵǺܾ棬СӶüԵģͲ֪Ѩеľ֪ģļ侫
һʶˣȴʮ겻˵زϻǺ𺳵ġս̵ʱ򣬺ְɱ뷨СӶһųʶǶʿĸȴ˽ı˿Щúϲûѵӵʼɣ
ҵǣЩĽ̵չ٣е̾
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ϲϹŵһ˵һʥѪ塣ʩչĶǵҸϵ
Ǹ֮ȫʧ壬ϲ˦˦ͷ㲻ǽǸĴСǸǺεȿֲĴڣÿһ˫޵Ĵڡκʩչһ˵½ķԴ
ǴǵĹ͵ݱģȻںĸֹȡ侫ۺϣڵ
Ǿ㼯֮ȴͬԽǸĹ
ϧǣǸĹģӵǵѪ
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ţӲͷƤ˵ܲ˵Ŷǵİɡ
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ϵ˵ͷŹֵĿ㣬ʿˮƽһЩҲ˶١СӲӵ˫޵Ĺɣ
ԽԽܣȻȲǸĹвû˫޵ĹֻٶѡڿСӲ֪ôõһ֡
Ȼһ˵СӣĽҲֻһʿ˫޵ĹݣҲûкʵġ
Ҫ㲻ӵǸľӡҶǵˡЦЦ
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Ƚ̵ֻƷȻܿۡǶԸһЩʵ͵ȴáܲʲô׵͵ƷɡΪʿҲҪԼݾٶȻ϶ʿݺ԰ҲάΪʿҫ
Ȼᷴ㿴ơ
㲻룬֪϶ҪָһԼǾٺòˡϣȻʵ
Щʱ򣬺ͻȻסҰʩչ취㡣
һ仰ջ



145 
ϣָͬȻһʿϣͬоָʱҲָʹãһʦ
Ȼȴûиܣ֪ΪΪʿûУΪʲôԭ̵һ飬ʺ϶ڣֻܰĵѧЩϽ̵
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һ׵Ʒص㡣
ƷбԾΪ֮۶ɱУأŷɽ֮ܣ
ȻʵҪɽЩѶȣгɣŰһƬռȴ
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иӼ֡ǺȴûгԹκˮһ
̶ʱգȻΪҪܾòյĲࡣڸԼ̵ĵƷб
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ܾһ쫷ƳһжΪƽأһ㷭Ϊ׳
ʩչһе㣬ԴЩصעһĻͬ𺳣û뵽ƷȻֲ˵زͬΪƷֻƷķ⺮ǿֻһ죬ֱ֮
㲻뵽õƷ֪εĺˣ
һջʹָĵľһȻǿҲѨ˴֮ࡣ

ϣߵǰź
һƬŰǽ壬ͷͬ𺳲ѣǵ͹ٶȡԭΪƷٶȣҲҪ֮ϡû뵽̶첻ʱ䣬ģʩչ˳
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ô˵Ȼĵ׿ϧȴû˵ʲô
Щ˵ѾˣµľͿԼˣǸ㾡ʵźáѵ磬ҪңڣǾ͵ӵ˸ǵʵ
СףźϹ˵
ţ׾ͺãҵΪЩΪ㴫Ѿ֮࣬ҽڷСҪµĻֱþңҪûµĻͲҪңҲúõĻָ˵
ǰģǰ
ţúɡʵһȻں׳ȴСĺܡ˲ΪͶ֡Ҳϣһ㱻ɱˡԣŬɡ˵͵ָС
ϵһ仰һ֪ҲΪʲôϽ̵ôԭ֮һǸһЩԱ֮ȻܰĵĻָ
ڸоѨеָĲʱȷ
һĵĸźնȥʱʵͻͽ綼ΪϵԵн׵ĲΣǿԳˡ
һһܵǽ壬ѧԺķ򼲳۶ȥ

㵽ѧԺ׼ǰסʱһǰ𣺡һΪѾˡ벻㻹еٻ
һ㶣תͷȥΰվڲԶߣڼʽΰ
ûдˣǵԼ·Цһ˵
ŵɫ˱䣬¶ɫں׳طܶ˵ֵûرһͣ
ʧЦЦ㻹û˸Ҷ˵֣ʱ˲̫ᴵţƤˡı£ţƤᱻţġ
ȤȤԭ˵һҶһţһļҶŵֵزһǾ˵һûŵļҶҲǵһμһվĿ㡣
߳˽üĿȥʮˬӢ
ŶԷӢ̲סŭһݣᱻ˧ˣ쵰ȴÿζǰơҺҲɫҪıּƸݺˡ
ǼԴүš˻ǹ۸գҾͺúõĽ̵βһҶеľٶӶ㣬ż
㿴һ漴һӣ΢΢Ц˵ͺһλʮֿǰĳԱϵáؾˣôȷܰһسӣҹҲ鷳ÿһҶŰһΣ
仰ɫʮѿֽţյĹͷ졣
û̬˵ʱֻСѣòϡǰӣһλ͡
ƾʵͶ㣬Цˬʡ
ЦЦʵȷʵֲѹںռϯλ
㣡е֮ܣҲҪϵ㡣ΰɳ嶯㱩ŭȵΰ˵裬ǰδġ
ʵȷʵм־塣Ǿնɱңǲ̫Сˡ㿴ǰЦ
ϣһֱάȥҵҪһССļҶκѧԺе֮ӣ֮붷գҾʹַϵ㡣Ͷ㣬ѹϡ


146 ս
͵ѹϣüͷòϣʵѾ൱ֲˣƾоһѹ֡
ףͬż־죬û뵽ԷԼ»˿
ʦ֣ɱСӣΰûж֣ɼΰ˵һ̶Ϊѹ
ͶΰЦЦ漴˵ôȥɣ
˵꣬ڵӿֱ˦ݺݵĺ㣬ֱ㣬ɹƿ֮һǿ
;ȵǣվȻأ̽Ȼӭȥ
֪ЦʵһҲʰˡ
˵۵ǣȭһ͵׵ĵ£С
ԼԿǿһ׵ı£üͷ˵㲻˵ǿҲֻжʵôܵסһУ
ΰҲԭأ˿ϵ㣬ĵ𺳲ѣ޷Ȼٴν͵ѯʣ˵һǰʵ
Ļ͸ɻĿ㣬ܵסǵȻʵôһǰֻһ죿
һԺеɻųȥʲôʵ춼Ҫ
˵꣬͵һԾһȭ˹ȥһȭոǿֹȭգһӿ
ȥ֮ȭͷֱӺҪʹżֺһپնɱ
ߣһڻҲûΣӭȥ

һײͺ㶼͵ĵɳȥͲֱӿڵ죿
˦˦ЩֱۣĿͬĿͣʵȷʵֲ״ǾĲ㻹ǲԷԶľ롣
͵ľͬɴ۾𺳵Ŀ㣬ĵôҲԸʵ죬ôܣһûеķѣ˿һﵽ죿
һǰҲʵѡ뵽⣬ǲšһµʱ䣬ף
תͷһۣżֲһߣƫƫ˵һ졣ʹͣҲԸһǱļһСͣȴſҪ׷ʵ츳εȽܳ
ǣʱȴ޿κΣȻѾˣջؾˡ뵽⣬һҧֱ˦ȭӰһ۳ĽǶ˹ȥ
ΣĲ޷ֲġЦѣаնɱ˼
ڳԣЦ͵ۣ֮бӿ漴ӿֱۣâǣֱֱӭȥ

һײٴεɳȥһκ£ֱ۲ѣڵѪҲЩĵңҺЩźϵĽ̵õܷӵҪȻһ֮£ԻشϾʵ
ʯ
ͺһȭ͵ʩչĻ£һ޴ʯ۶ɣʯǧ֮ɨռɹ쫷磬ȥ
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Цһֲɵӣ֪ԶԶĶ֣ȥһС
Ϊ׻
ȣһ׵绮ƿռ䣬ʯϣŷһɾŰռ䡣
ʿ干ޣ͵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ͷȻѡкڲѣԷʿĻݵλֱһҶҲ˲Ŀ뿴Ͼϵʿܰʵ
ģһССļҶôܻ˱̬ŭһնɱĸŨˡһȻǾҪ
һСС׵ѡѵκεҲɣʯʹȣڵȫӿ˿ûһ˿ıȫΪնɱ㡣
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ȥʹȣʯɹ쫷磬ɨ˹ɢֲϢʯ㣬ҪǱеĻȻˡ
ӱ˳ȥڵӡ᲻ϽҲֳģɱۣɱ

ȣһʯȻǿʩչĵƷвߡֻܵһʯٶȣһЩʯ
첻ܺģЦ͵һƣʯٶһᣬȥ
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⺮ʯ֮еҲ͵ӭʯ֮ϣǿ£ʹ۵ʯҲֵסѼܣֲྡྷ˶͵ĵ˳ȥЩྡྷ
ĵƷҲ㿴ͣдżֱɫ
ͼԼһо˱ԷˣĽͬ޵ʱֲһгһǹЦĿ˵ողССֶѡ
˵꣬һǹĺȥ
Сѣ㵭˵һ׵˹ȥ
ʹͣҲС׵Ĺӿס׵Űڻ׵ʱֱֱؿڣͲòӭ˹ȥ
һ֮㵹˳ȥ
ɱң㺬ЦĿͣе
Ŀ㣬˵ԷϣҪɱ㼫ѡ죬ǿ㡣
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ҲܲңҪ㲻ţǿԡ۾͡
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ĻıŭѣҵҪʲôʽ
΢΢һЦӡ𣺡ȻʶǾͿˡ


147 
ǰЦͣһӡ£Ѩеľȫתϣɹھǣ£Χλá
ܺХǣ۳һУ¶ȼ½ͬʱɹɱܣɢϢ
ͿһĻüͷ΢΢ĵҲ΢΢ɢϢЩļ¡
ͻվԭǴһ˿Цӡٶ£ӡ۵ԽԽ죬Ѩе糱ˮһӿ
ϯһ쫷磬ܵУ۳Уλá
ҪܽһУҾϰˣЦб
£б˲ۣ۳һɴСľ޴УſϢ͡
˽Уɫ䡣޷²⵽ʩչ˿ֲʽеĳǹĴ̳۳ƷӰͬʱϵı˳ȥ

һԭľ޴У͵ıѿ˷ͬʱͰȥֲĽգƿ֮ƣǧ籩͵ըѿ
˿һĻɫ䣬һĵ˳ȥһըѵıǾֿ֡񱩵ǵص޷ġ
Щ㣬ֱҲݺݵ˦һڱӿով֮ء
㿴з籩ȻǿԽЩѶȣϾ˭Ҳ֤ûдеֵȻˣûзĹ
һ˳ֱۻȥкϣ˼ơ
֮ը֮ϣһбֲľͣ͵ĳǹ赽£ǹӰϣסһеĳ
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ڵͣǾֺͲšû뵽ȻҲǰССļҶˡ
죡Ҳ㿴ŷһƬ԰׵ͣϴżֲм
仰ɫѿҲû뵽ԼᱻһССļҶˣһ޴ĳ衣ǣոһ̲סðź⡣ʹʩչƷסܲ͸ĽУ϶ԷʱʱһӦԲ
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㡭ŭǻ˵һ룬ȥ
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˵꣬Ӱ͵һ۵ΰߣһ˹ȥΰͬʱ˵˲
㡭ΰ˵ʲôİٴγ˹ȥʲô㣿û˵ҶҲᱩߵ𣿡
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Ѿһ˧鷳

һĶϣԶΰһһţĵ׷ͬʱҲ޿κΡΰѪģŭȵˣ
תͷͣ˳һ⣬˲ϵѪҺ˵ôսһɣ
ͺһҪƴһ㲻ֵ˺ôǣѧԺ߲٣ܰĲûС
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Ϳɢͷ΢΢һͬʱһĬĻ
ͻȻЦΰһƣܱǸ˾ܲ˱˵вˣҺΣ
㡭ŵ̬ȣͱŭҪмʵΪΪҪԸһˣ׾١
ҾҪô׾١һһźݺݵΰϣǰĿָͣһһ˵ҵǺĳԱ鷳ҵҪôʰһССҶģ
϶ǣͲº񡣺ԱȻвţǳȥ׵һλǿԺͰһ˱ȵϰˡ
ֱֱĶͣ˵ҵǣ
ҵǡһ俴ƵĻȴ͸оԷļšʲô˼Ӻ񲻳ɣѧԺ֮Уȥϰˣ˸Ӻ
˵仰ûٿһۡת뿪
뿪㣬ɫ಻ѣıӰʧУתͷΰˡˣҲЩΡҪΪǵļ治Ըˡǣ棬Ҳκβ˶Է
űôҵˣ벻뵽ͻҡҪǵ֪ԼﶼһҶȻŭա˼ǲԳ֣ҲֵܸܸȨޣ˵ʱҵ
ĻбҪȥЩתЩĸļһ

·ϵ㣬ûа͵вϡȻѧԺǿ󣬵ȴƿصģʹ˱˵鷳Ҳ⡣вģǺǰλѡǰλʲô˵ģ
һ·ŵʱһ굲ǰ㿴Ǹ겻һ㶡㵹ǻǵáǵпҵһ죬ǰȥбˣ֮ҽ׭ꡣ
꣬һֱǵļͣѪʼղС
£㿴ǰ꣬ɻʵ
Ӧ㣬ҷ׭ҵ
ҲҪ˵ЦЦ˵˵һЩ׭ѣˡ߰ɣ
ˣǷ˶궢˵
壿ͷһ½ʼ¼һ壬Ǿ壬һӵϹŴѪ壬ֻ治֪ʲôԭ򼸽壬ڼˡȴû뵽ǰĺˡ
һ꣬ͷȻһĺɫӡǣصһģһо̾ѣ
ҲҪҪִҪĻ͸һɡг۸Щ׭ֵЩǮ˵
ûǮֱֱ˵
ʼʲôʱУ͸Ұɡ
˵꣬ҲԷתߡ
һᣬ㺰ս죡ڶĻķլһûУɱ˳
֪ˣ˰֣ûлͷת뿪


148 齨
ѧԺУȥż⣬Ĵʱ͵ʩչԽԽԽտȻû׭
֮ǰķ׭ڵķ׭ȻЧҪࡣ۸ȻҪ࣬ҵֶΣгֻƣ׭ļ۸񲻶
ңͬҲ߲ٷ׭ٶȣʹҲ㹻ˡ
Ӵ㻹
ȥѧϰˡ鲻Խǰ·ǵĻؿջֻոճ֣;治ѵĺһ
һ仰ȻһЦЩ컹ûǰʱΪ˸źʱȴһֱѧԺסʱҲǺһ
ɫѵļһ԰Ҳ̲סһ㡣
԰صĻ˷ۼĵĿ벻ɫѻɫɣôʲô뵱ǰΪϧԵʣôŮ˻ס˯ֱӱѼУȻȥԼռȵǰö̫ˡ
һ˵öˡҪҪͻȻ㡣
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̲סۿ㣬дżӣĻŹģбҪС̸һ⡣
ƲƲ죺ȻŮˣûȤ
νдǣҴ仰㡣ʱǰһˡν˵ҪǼǼһʵǿú˵
ǣһ㶣û뵽һˡ
ʶĬЦǼһ᲻ѣһģʮֲˬҪʶĻ´ξջ
Ǽ˧ɣӵĿһۣϾͺȻһЦҲܿСǹ˧
ݡ·˱ӵĿ㣬һ˼룬˼ӱˣ
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һȥԭһӶ׷ɱս򵥵Ľһº󣬶˵ûȤȥ
ڰֵûȤҪȥԼȥɣ
ҲνﲻԶȥҲ޷

þˣϵʱ򣬴ǵ㶨ȻȥϤĴǺʹˣɣ
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Ϊ¸ֵ㣬Ȼᰲ֣˳ϸ䣬̽յУƽ̹Сһ·ȥܿҪյİ֮ϴεĴͷյ˳ɲԸٴαҧһڡ
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ץյİѩϣյȻ͵ĽӲ͵ץס֣İؿڣ˳ҲҶ
۾۾дˮתϼ糺죬żֲûҮ׼Ҷ
˵ţְָ֣ѩϡ
ǰ޶˵Ůˣ˵Ų֪˭ŵĹҰǱһЩ̫Сˣ
׼յۿ㣬ʹİ㡣
ʱɥСôͲԼһ֮ءռһίģ̲סЦͷһָظϣ̲סһڡͦСЩûʧʵĺС𣿡
һ㶣漴һۣѾżֹģİ˵Ҳ̫Сˡ˵Ǻܲġ
ɫϼ죬ǲǶϲģ
ĨһѶͷ亹Ҳˣĸϲǡ
ߣ֪ǻտżֲ԰׵ͻȻʵܱ󣿡
ʹĵͷţѪҺѭڼأȻܱ󡣡
ʲôѪҺѭʲôǼأ΢΢һߣ󻵵
ʹ֣΢΢ɶ
ĵ״ϲֿʼյİĸ㲻̫ľٶСŮ˱̼ˡ
ڸһָ֮׼ƣյȾסְСд˵ˮ󣬺һ۵ĺܻҮܵôߣ
仰ȻһЦҲ롣
ղϰСŮ˵ϰΪԼˡ

ϢһԭʧͬûǰһתָתȻҲշԸҵһЩȥ̽ҵϢ
㵹뿴ʧôǿߣǺ̬ͬ᲻кҲͷң侮ʯ
˵Ϣȴһ˿û״
˴Ϣ̲סһסȻˣǾͰһѡ
һֱΪȺܴԶֱҵˡԣֻܽˡ
ҲǵʲôûҾͰô˵˵ȥ
뵽⣬ɾԼ̫ʵˣϲѱҪڸǵĻԸߴڣôʵˣӦúúñ
ȻһҪһЩȤζԡŵַزˣҪȻһʲô˼
ԣܿڴһЩؤƦСˣһ£˵ҵһ֮Ͱҵľȫھһպӣҵ߶նɱҼϷ˴Сš
κһʱɫǴġ
֮󣬺ܶԸΪɢҥԡȻҲ۲ѣ϶żӣΪҥԣͻ˶ʮˡ
ĸƹ£ҾȫûϢԽԽʵЩ㶼սľ̫Сʱˡ
˵ûҼɫ죬һλǰСŹһ𣬶ڴ̽顣λǰץס֮µǰҵľ񶼸ɱˡ
˭˵ģ˵ǹ
ޣǶ˵ˣϺƳⲻģΪλǰСžұھ̵Ů
ǲǰ˵λǰһоͰҵľȫɱˡҲ֪Ǽ١
Ȼˡһվôǰۼǰġ
˵ۣۼ˰һ˱ĵĿŶԷλǰӡ
Ǹ˲ۿ˵˭˵ҳӡλǰʱɱ˺󣬻ָһؼء
ؼҿһ߸Ǳ֡
㿴Ϳ˵꣬Ӿóһ˵λǰҵƷҪȻΪŪģ
ⱾƷһ˳ĬȻԼǲӵģѵ˵
һԺȲ㣬һĻĻղѡӲ֪õȻĪеǰǰҫ
ãбҪӷһǽ

ϢԽԽ죬ͷҲ˲ѡʮϰٸ˴ҥԣǴﵽֵزҲû뵽ġ
˳˾¥һֻͲں׳ôûеˣеϢȻȥ̽һǰȥ̽ĻȻܷҴ뾫ʧˡǿ϶Ź
һˣԼȵĺܡԲΪΧɱͱҡǱҪ鷳ǾͲܹԼˡֻԵá
ȣһֱԼԡ̾һһЦѾˡ
뿪¥һҵۣĵ׸˲ѡ



154 
Ҵ˼ҵľʧϢԽԽʵʹʼٸ߶ҵľȫˡ£ҲõϢ˵ʱʱ϶Űݷá
ϢϲЩ˿϶ȥ̽ʵģֻҪȷĴ뾫ǿ϶侮ʯ
ҥ£ȴǰ׳һ㾪ľȻһԺǵһ֪ԭҲкСֻĺԶԶȲǰķʹټĺ׳ǣҲһԺѡ
յĽͣһ涵Сطġĸϲ𣬶ÿʱڱԺҲÿʱڶȥĸ׻Ը
㿴գΪʲôնЩѻˣֱգյĶͷһ£С㣬㻹ء
ǷżӢɫ㣬ʹĵͷ漴Щ˼˵ĸΪҵһƶġĸ˵ΪңԲŻΪҵҲҪھΡһΣĸ׾Ժſڱһƴġ
ձеɫΪʲôնˣԭǵСʱΪյһơıգҪͷȥС㣡ԺΪ㵲أ
˵սһ䣬ָ촽סָĻһ۵ҲŲҪ㵲ء
㿴ǰɢһգЩգץյ֣Ҳܣͱֱۡ
㿴ǰԺǰԺźܴƳ̶ȣоͬʱɰָź˵ϣŵǲĲ𣿡
ףϾԺ𣬡СƽʲôȻҲ֪Ĳ𡣷ڵߴڣ
㾪죬ر˵ķڣ̲סʵǷڵһڡǲڣڣڣڣ
ô֪ϴʱòˣȻ֪вʵǿĴڡǷƬ½֪˲̸࣬ڣҲһΪڡȴ֪Ƿڵһڡǣǰȴ֪ءҪΪڵһλʦʶҲ֪ЩСǴ֪ģ
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ڣڣȻڣȴر𡣵ȻϲȻڣϾŻϢ
ڵǿߺǿ𣿡ͻȻʵǰڵѧʮ
ǿϹʱڣҲһϻش
ϵĻش𣬲ûо⡣е뿴ǲǺǰһѧ㻹˽⼸ֵģһŮѾرŷѧ鼮ѬĿȾ֮£ȻҲ˽ⲻ١
ϣûл̣ͻȻԵʵȻзţûлأ
̣ɻֹһû˵ҹªŰɡ
ô˵кȻһЦĵªţûС
Ժ߽ȥϣмǰԺĸо㿴һĺУԺʵڻ첻ȥˣҲֻ̫һЩ˿ûǰķ
һ´۱䵹ʮ֮󣬶ŲϵǰģĲľ޴߷񣬲ֹô˵ҲĦģҪҲҪĦ
ֹʱһźƵ𣺡ʩ֪Ħʦ
һ㶣תͷһɢʰϢϺгߡ
տУϽ˫ֺʮһ˵ܴʦ
ܶջһ񣺡ʩ
ܶ˵֮Ŀת㣬ʮ־ȡ֪ĦʦҲͰˡô֪ǴĦʦġ϶ڴֻ˽ⱻ񻯵Ĳ𣬶ڴĦʦǲ̫˽⡣
Ҳż˽⡣Խҵ֪ʼ
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յͷӦǣһϡ˫Ⱥ£̨ϣ߱¶ęͦĿⲻоŻӿ
СŮҲǣôһջء֪ڴǰǲ𡣡ĵֹȴ˿ûƿ˼
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˾ٶע⵽һĻļŮüͷ̨ϵļʦͬתͷһۣû˵ʲô
ʦ߶žģЩ㵹ҲϤǰ򵥵ľġȻǵòȫҲܱһЩʱģ˲˯ĸо
ǰҲμӹŴ䣬ǰķŴʮ׳ۡ˵޾οͣĹɹ˵飬ϴЧ
֮£ʮ˵߶ģôǳľġЩ˯ˡ
㿴ϵģҲôĿյת߻Գв߶ҲҪ£һķӦġҵľ粻ܺͷȰɫǿգҿղ˰
ֹʱĿӵĶϡ
ٶȻʦע⣬һĺ̲ס̨ߵǰ˵ʩ뿪
һ㶣ǰĺʮֲʵ
Ϊʲô
пһ۵˵˶ݷ棬ȴš˱ĿϸģȴΣǶԷĲȻﲻӭʩ
еĻЦ˫ֺʮźһʩˣ
ţп΢΢üͷ漴˵ʩ뿪
ҡҡͷȻ㲻Ǿһ۷Σ
һ仰ԭĺʦͣһۿ㣬СӺôĵӣԺȻҪ۷𷨡ոǵɴ۾ʲôʱ򶮷ˡһ̲ڷʥҲֳ


155 һսȫ
ǺǣѵҪַ̽𷨡Ǿʩɡܿһ㣬ǴЦ⣬Ҫַ̽𷨣Ҫʩ˵ĻǾ뿪Σ
ŻЦЦһմʦԡǣ·֮⡣ȻŴ󿪣ԵܽҲΪǵһ仰뿪
㻰˼ԣҳӵģҲ뿪СߡȻҪִҪߣҲǺ۸ġ
ЦЦ˵ոʩ˵ҵˣ֪ν⣿
ЦЦûж˵ʲôֱߵܵĶ棬һʦԶ˿һĻһ͵㡣Сѵλʦ۷𷨲ɣ
ͬע㣬оҵҶûġ˹壬ʦǡЩʦȻں׳ԣ׳ҲֻһСŷ𡣿ǣ׳ݵλˣǼءЩʦûƹڣȻˡ
͸λ۷Ȼ⡣ҪһͷҪĻԸȳңܼλʦĽ̵ȻҪӮ˵ĻҪڵʮ
ſڿӣҲ֪ûʮҲֻſһ˵ѡҪͱ˶Ҫõһô
֪ʮܵɴ۾Ŀ㣬Ų֮ɫ֪֪ģʮֳƺΪʮʥǴϹʱھһ˵ڣʮĦʦͻʮֻֻһ˵ѡڣ˵֮Ҳû֪ġô֪ģ
ʮ۾һɴ۾ĿŻܡŲš
ʮʥϹŵĴ˵ѡҵȲûС˫ֺʮ˵
㿴˻һۣҲĻʮôܳ
ǲ֪ʦʲôעأ۾Żܡ
ҡҡͷ˲ģ
㵣ֻܻһʽ˵Ǵʦʲôء
ܿһۣ֮˵ġ
˴ڿǾ˶ˡ˵
˲ڿΪʦż־ȿ㣬֪εѧеĵʡ
ʩԽ˰ɣոǸȥĺɷ߷߲ƽĿ㣬ڻܵļִʦģԶˡ
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һ仰úдͣ㶵ĿŻܣɴĻΪΧ
ûеעӣתĿһۣû뵽ҵ͡
ʩǼ¡ڷǰעӣǶԷĲʩΪأ
仰ɫɺ˺죬漴һۣĵ治ʵȻڷǰˡĵ׶ְֺޡ
һŮʱҲĵĿ㡣ֱӵȻ⡣ЦŻ˵Դǧ磬䱦ʩ࣬ʹ̫ƽ޼࣬й£
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û˵˵ħԼԶɱ¾ǷΪ£
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ʩԼǣ˫ֺʮһ
ħԼʶԣɱ¾ڣƽȡβǹ£ҿС㣬ԣϲһʶңƽȡǶԷ治ŻЦ
˵ôֱӣϺα鲼Щϲ
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һ仰һһƬȻһۿ㣬ǲš仰Զˡ
꣬÷ʤ˻ܼλʦ
ʦǿʶѡôأеۿ㡣
ܣ˵ܵۿźС
кȻʣ۾˵ߣ͵ξѣ񶮷𷨡Ҫ𷨣ǾͰҽΣ
Ǻǣ⣿ȻѾˣǾͰܵķڷ
ʦ͸λʦ÷𷨸λʩ⿪󡣼ȻԿǾͺʦʦһȣ˭ܽ⿪Σеۿ㡣
תͷһۻ˵ܴʦΪΣ
ʩҪԸָҵȷ𷨣ȻԸɺƵ˵
Ȼܴʦ˵Ҳ顣һһȻĿǣǺ˭˭

һ仰һƬȻһۿ㣬ǲ֮ɫ˷ˣСӾȻսеʦѵΪķͨ˲ɣ
ռ˴Ҳ̲ס˵㣡֡
ЦЦдһ·𷨶ѣʲôֵġҲ뿴Ƭ½ķ𷨣ôġ
ͬȤǺû¹˭
ͬ㶣û뵽ȻսˡԭΪսһѾˡոȻʤǣҲֻԷм˽⡣ӣ䡣û뵽Ȼսˡ
һ֪ľտǹˡԷȻǻҲӦǾҵһʩķ𷨰ɡ
΢΢һЦһˣɫмֵõɮʡ
ôǰɡҶΪ󡣡ЦЦȻҲȥܴʦǱߡ⿪ˣߡ
仰˵꣬ܶ˶ֱ㣬ֱӱܴʦڻܴʦϲ۾㣬Ȼ⡣ֻǽ⿪˵ɻٵܳгΰ
ôһ룬ͻ˯ȴĳһλ⿪˵


156 𷨾տ
ܵ˷ȻȲǰĴʦȴͬһŮ÷𷨸һҲˡȻڣõķȴʮЩǰ𾭷ḻʡЩףΪʲôԵôˡ磬ӵеĲǰڵһСֶѡ
㣬Ҫ磬ܻһɮҪǳ̫սԣúбҪںƺˣôҲᱻص㱣ŶԴ
Żȥܵõʲôôʱ򣬻ܵڱһӸѵˡӵܼ򵥣ϲһ÷ŮˣŮ˺йһܡȴϲһˣٰ㰧󶼲ͷ
ܵŸַΪ󣬱˻ܼһ󡣵ţǼ⣬ɻܺ˵˵ǳŮ˲Ҫˣű˵˼С
㿴ˣͬĿһۡһ߲Ĺ£һôɴࡣǣҪ㣬ȰеĸɷˣȻеĳԼֵĴȽܳһƯŮˣ֤Ůĵ׻
Ȼ˿Ȼ˵ЩҪȻĻᱻȥ
㿴ӣ¶ƵЦ⣬һȴ󱯵ģտװģ̲סŤͷ㡣
Ӽܰˣֻߵǰ˵ʦΪָԽ򣡡
ӽдʦоͷһϵԼҪҪ̼УȻٲ㿴պͻܵ˵Ŀⶼעʱ㻹ǴͷҪô˵ˣջ֪η쭡
Ҹ㽲һ°ɣ㿴ӣָòȻģ
ɻ󣬲ôͻȻˡҪ÷𷨸
Ҳ˵ľ죬Թ˵ںߣһŮϷˮˡʬ屻ˮϺ̲չⱩɹʱ򣬴Զˡһһۣ漴ƹŮʬתߡ¿Ůʬ̫ᱻѬš
˵⣬һӣ˵ʱڶ߹űչⱩɹŮʬĵŵϯӸŮʬϣת뿪ɢŶŮʬȻ˿һӣȻŮʬӣ԰ˡˣΪƹʩѵ͸𣿡
ӿ㣬ϴɻм
ЦЦ˵һӣϴˡЩֻǺڶӾ㣬Ϊһϯ֮ʣйһǰ㡣գҪ͵һġʩ𣿡
ĻѹչһЩӴ͵ǰãվ㹪һлʦָ㡣
ЦЦһõɮģҡҡͷʩȥɣעġԵԵǿ󲻵á
Է뿪ĵ׺ȻһЦĵ̫úˡԭΪ¸㲻óǰڱǽŵĸ
ӷʩţܶһ
ʦˣԲŸոտʼôλ˭ҪԸΪλ󡣡Ц˵
ΪӵԵʣ˿ʼ㡣
ʦһֱԸԼܳΪһҽʿҽˡǣŬ޷Ϊһҽʿ˵ڼҼʮ꣬ΪʲôһЧûСһӶ˵
仰Ŀɨ˻һۣ⼸к˰ҲƵģʿһ˾ܳΪģ
ץһשͷʲôҲ˵ͿʼڵĥһĻ˲Ŀ
ʦʲôͬɻʵ
ĥשɾ
ʯͷ
֣ĥשɾ
ʦʯͷվʯͷôĥҲ˾ӡӵĻ˵һ룬Ȼֹ㶵Ŀ㡣
ʱеʯͷЦʩˣ
ӳĬԭأ֮˵ǴʦӦô
˵һ˼ţţҲΪԱ޴򳵣Ա޴ţأ
̻ȻԭԼһֱԱ޴򳵵޴ΪվĶһ˳ȥ
˼ȤĽ˵󣬾ͬʱʼȥ
ǰС²֪٣Щ˵̣㶼ӦõΪ֮𡣼׶Ĺ£Ȼû̸𷨣ÿһ̺⡣
һ½£һŮüͷ⣬㹪һ֮¡
ܵҲͣΪ˽𷨣̺ͣŸĹ£Ϊһ˽󡣵ȫߵҲûǰȥһܽ󣬶ԸȶĻ
ܵͬԽԽУĺУҲŴ͵Ŀ㡣޷㣬ѷ˼׶Ĺ½һҲͰˡȴҪ𷨴ﵽֵز졣
д͵㣬Ȼ޸ոյϯĿ㽲Ÿַ𷨡
ҲһĻеĺж˵̲סˡҲΪҷֵһЩȥͲǿڸˣˡ
ǣ˿Ϊ˼ֻܼһˡ
ע̨ϵ㣬㶵㡣޷⣬ΪʲôԷҲ⡣ĸ׶Էϣ̲סǲڤڤ֮УĸΪѡȡˣ
˽˶ãֱһŮһ
ܿǰ꣬Ҳѡ޷𷨾ȻﵽڻͨĵزߵǰĶ˵ʦţʦҪԸ⣬Ըѷ֮λøʦ
ʲôЩû㵹ԸҲԸҪ˭Ըа
Żܳȵı飬㻳ҪԼӦǲǻԼ֮µֻ˵ʦΪҪô
ģз𣬼ΪУ˵
ʦ˵ĶԣֲԣЦЦ˵
ʩ󣡡˵
ҿԷߡʹСʦ˵Ķԣģ޷𡣡Ц
˾ͳԷ˾˯ҲУһŹֵĿ㣬رһ޷𣬸һ˴ͣȻ޷ΪʲôԷ˽⣿
Ǻ˲ͬǣܵȴһЦһ˵ҵˣ
ԷʱϳԷ˯ʱ˯ǧƽϡڷǰҲá޷ǾС
㻰˼˳ԷʱúúõسԣƫƫҪٰ˼˯ʱĵ˯ҪǧƽϡԾߣҲ㲻СȴͬǷ𣬲ǹҷȫԷģ⡣У
ʦ𷨾տ˵
һ仰˶ŹֵĿ㣬仰ǲǴȫ£ԸˣһսȺʦȫʤ


157 ĹŶ
ĨһѶͷ亹ҲзաҪıԷƵУǾᡣһüͷչˣ̲ס泩
ģԭҲһܳΪʦȻֺǰ;ְҵʺҡĵţ֮ǲҪշѽ
Ҫ֪Ϊ𷨴ʦȻᱩߣȥ
ʩܿͻȻ˵
˵ͷյ֣ڻŴ۱ȥ
ﵽһ󣬻ܶ˵֪ʩҪҪ
ͷû뵽ֶܻƽϢһͷ֮Ż˵Ǿʦһɡ
㿴ʱȱҪһѰĶǿ
ܵͷ֪ȡһСݸϹžĹŶȻ֪ʲôãĵʦ߹ҡ𷨾տ֮ˣ͸֪ʩҪʩ⣬ҿٻ
ûܵĻǳ׵Ĵԭأ𺳵ͬʱ嶼̲סĹŶǻĹŶôܣôֻĹŶ
ǰĹŶһ۾ϳǻĹŶȻжֶǷͻĹŶȻ෴ǰĹŶȫǻĵķ񡣲㶦Ƕϵצⶼǻĵķ
з˾ξˣ粻ֻŵڣĹŶˡѵϹʱڣҲл˴Խ˲ɣǰУأ
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ĹŶ⵹̫Сˡֹһ÷λŶǶ衣
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޷ͺϽֻͣ˵ҵõһҲ㲻ʲô
ţɻѣϻʲôѹס״̬ڷѹҲһıģķҲ롣
㲻˵ӣվûʡСôܣ˵һܡ
ԺСһЩЩʦʵ㲻Ƕ֡˵꣬ڴڽָбչ
ϵĻͷһ㶡ܴӺϿ˵ǾǺǿˡ



158 Ҷ˼
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㣡ǻȥɣն˵
ղ֪Ҳûмʣյͷͻܵ˸˺󣬾ȥ
˿뿪һʦ̲סŻܣʦ֣İѹŶˣǿϹµĶ
ܿһ۵ŶȻ󡣿ǷҵҲûáοҲֻѡҪǺһŶҪŶǾǴˡмûкһŶͲҪŶ
ŶһʦЦôˡڻûʲôѵʦָһֲܷɣ
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ҪܵĻȻӵ룬ŶͷƨϵȫǻĵĶ
Ŷã͸Եˣ˵
ʦô˵Ҳûмֹ̽Ŷ˵ϹŴµĶȴ֪ǲ
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ҡҡͷĸ֡ʩߣܶȹҲ˵
ܵĻһʦĬûм˵ʲô

Ȼ֪ܵ˵ʲôָֻഺȸԾ˵㣡ʲôʱϰˣ
Ц֪֪֪ССķʲôſں
տЦͻȻʲô۵ԺҺˡ
ô˵Һأǽз𷨾տܲյۡ
ߣǲУرǶԱŮˡյۿ㡣˲֪㣬֪Ҫһõɮϵ˶Ǹɮˡһɮӣ
Ա˲ţвУա
ҲУտЦ
ʱɥֵص찡Ҿͺ㰮áôô̵İ᣿
ռˡЦĸˡЦͻȻ˵㣡ҪһұɻŮˡ᲻ϲң
㿴գְձЦҪ߻ŮˣǾͱɻˣ˻Ůˣһ𣿡
ôش𣬶ʱһ漴һ㲻ֵ֣۾˵㲻ñѾǻˡ
͸ϽɻŮ˸ҿЦ

һ·Цصңصҵ㣬ȴһҴԺ㿴ˣ˵Ȼȥ
ɻĿ˺ΰ漴ܹɵĵͷ
Ŀ뿪Ŷźΰ˵ô׭ֲˣ
ҲѹôʣΰҪķ׭ģԼҵܺͻࡣֻ¥ΰûйֻҪʣ͸
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ϢϲԺ鲻ԽǸߵŮˡ׳ôãҲǸȥˡ
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üͷҶ˼ĵģ㲻ãҲҶָʹˡ
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ΰĻкһҶ˼ô
ֹ̫ۣҪǴ˴ĩǾҪȡ̳мʸ񣬵ʱҶҼԸ͸˼ˡΰ˵
һ漴˵ͷźΰ˵ȥɡǵðȥǴһϢ·԰صһۡ
ΰͷûжתߡ
ΰ뿪кȻҪ档Ҿͺúõĺ棬ҵҪҶкεȱ۸
ĵ˼ҪҶ˼ĵΪεƣҪŤתƻ൱ѡ
˼һ֮ͻȻһҧģȻҪ棬Ǿġ
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¥Ҷ˼Ŵ⡣һӰεȻûȺ֮С
ǸϤıӰһŬѰҵʱȴѾˡ
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Ҷ˼˺һЩǸꡣ
Ժұ㡣Ҷ˼Ǹȴᶨһů
֪ʱ֪ҵĴֻҶ˼ЦЦСӣ쳣ܰ


159 
ʮ𼱵ǹʲôѵ㹴ҶС鱻ү֪ˣȻһЦ޶Ŀ㡣
˼һۣҲЩ˴̣ＸˣǼȫҲ
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񣿡·ɻĿ㣬仰ʲô˼Ҳģ
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仰˲һ˵㲻һЩ顣ȥһε㶫ҿ伸ǡ
ɲԱȻһЦôãѾѧһëεƷʡ
Ȼ֮ҵ϶ãһķ׭ͻ١׭ˣҵõ˿ɱҡ㵭˵
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·԰أȥӡЩЩŮɡǽеڶ
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仰ԭأ㶵Ŀ㡣ֻǿθ㵽


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С㣡Ѿ̽ˡҵĹһֲ߻ġҶǰߵĻǧ̬Ůӣ΢΢Ц˵ҲǿСˡЩֺС㣡
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Ҷ˼ҡҡͷΪֺҡܼҹҺһֱʹŮĶ
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Ҷ˵ͷҶ˼һС
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̧εϲ죬ȻҪӭȢƶǸŮˡ
Ա˵Ӣӣһ۷׷ףⲻ䲮ҵĹʲô
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㿴ҹĹ˵Ѿͷϴδһ䲮ҹΪǧС㡣һʰİҲº䲮ҹ֪һҹǰ

һ֮ǵЦŨ˿Χˮйͨӣզ㣡ĹģȻʵĻҹ
΢΢һЦҪ˼У֮׳۲ϡƷҲҪƷ
·緢㣬֪굽ʲôУûвɵ顣·䲮ҹʱ̲סЦ˵СôƵģȻĿʹ
ʹ˭ʹҪȢѾͷҪȻôʵٺЦһ͹ѾͷˣҲǽöѡ
·㵣û뵽ġ
Ұ㣡޸Ұɣһֱһ㴩һ˼Σһ˲סңһʰ޸ңòã乫Ӷһƶߴ˿ںעӵĿ⡣
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Ļ΢΢ЦЦ˵Ϊйªڱ˾޵
̸۵ʱ乫ͻȻߵŮ˵Ͻȥһ˼óϡҪһľޡ
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Ҷ˼ҶͬһشǸ޵Ů˶͵Ķһۡ޷ôģŪôĶ
һҵĹӣں׳Ѿҫ۰ǣһΪεԵʣ̧ǰӭȢһŮӡŪ޴Ķ룬Ͼͻᴫ׳ǡ׳ǣ˼ζȻ׳ǡ
뵽㣬Ҷ˼㶣˵ʱʱָɻΪʲôҪķ˴Լ
Ҷ˼һԺе뷨˦ȥ뵽˼Ļ𱬣ָϽ˵Ҷ壬Ͻ˼֡
һ㣬ⳡǵϷ֮ļ˵߰ɣȥɣǻе档
ʲô㻹Ҫ棿·۾㡣
浽ССֶѣЦЦ˵
˶һۣԭأŷ֣Ҫ׳ˡ


161 
ҹĹʵݣ˼ǣ㽵Ůǰ˼Σ˼еⱩǣ
Ȼ˼еⱩǡ˼еȴ˿ûжϣԽԽҡҪһŮˣҪ˵û˵˼У˼ȥŮˡҪǸˣҪû˵˼Уôͱ׷һŮˡ
˼УһٳΪ˺׳һָԺյС
·վ˼е棬ɽ˺Ͻ˼У漴һɫƽ㣬˶̲סһۡһУڻ𱬵µУȫһֲԵʡ
꣬һ漣֮Ƶģ԰һлΪ档
档ʵǻۣԶԶǣĸ뷨ǳķ롣
Ұŵ׼˰ɣ˼ſڻһƬɳʵ
еĿģһ㣬Ĵ֣漴˵㣡湻˰ɡҲǣòż˰ɣ
·ҲʹĵͷԽԽˡоЩѳֲסˣһȥ׳Ҫˡ
棡Ϊʲô棡ʱķƷδƷ˵ҪѷƷƷǾҪѷƷƷ˵ȴ˵һ䣬׳Ϊ趯ɡ
·˿һ򶨵ģҡҡͷҲû˵ʲô̫ײˣ˼аȫ𰡡ѻǱ󲻵ġѻȥҶ˼Ҫ˼һ׳ǡ

ڴֵһˣѹѹһƬȺͷ˺ѷο޺Ⱥд޺£ԽԽȺۡ۲֪ٵˡѹѹĸ֡
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޺˻ϣ·𱯳أںѹѹȺǰ棬ĿڹײĲŶ˼жһ·һ·вϣͷ׵ſڹײϣ޵תġ
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˵ӶϱϴΣǻȥ֮Ͳ跹˼ȻĶˡԣǰ˼鷳
ѵ˼л¶ɣ찡ҲŸģ֪ͲˡҵøϽȥˡ
ģȿ˵

۷׷׵ʱ˼еƹ˳Ҷ˼Ҷ˶˼棬ͬ岻ѣ֪Ҫʲô
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ƹţˣ˺£Ҷ˼ץۡ
ˣ֪εȻĸײǰˣơƹҲһˣȻߣ˵Ǻܿ
˻㻹Ҷӣ㻹ҶϱɱǧģҶ˼Ǹɱǧɱǧ鱦
һƬȻôֺҶ˼˹ϵѵҶ˼ɱĶϱӲɣҶ˼Ǻ׳ǵһ档ⳡ־ȻҶ˼йϵǸȤ
֪ǴСʲôϵƹͬɻ󣬿ʵ
ʹ޵ôضţܲ͸Ⱥж̲סΪУرǼһͷ׷ڿĸײġһ߲ѣЩС׷ͺڷ˵ĸо˭ҲԸⳢԡ
㿴զ˵Ա̫רҵˡӰˡ
ȻһЦһһѡѡˡ
·ûй˵ݼǿѹѹȺֶΧܲ͸磬Щ˸Ǳ򶯣е뷨ЩëĶ˵㣡ˣҪϷû꣬оͱˣǾˡ
㿴Щˣͬëʿˮ˵Ӧòɣ
ӦãЦһԭҲẦ°


162 Ʒ
Ҷ˼أҲҪɱɱǧġ
Ҷ˼У仰׼ȥȴҶסС㣡ٿ
Ҷ˼˵ͷüɽ˺Ⱥվûг档
ʲôǴС㲻֪ʲôˡȻˣƹЩˣоЩôǶǮġ
ߣѵԩ㲻ɡϴδһȥͲ߶Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ϱ߶Ρѵдɣ߶顣Ķ䶼ϼˡⲻҶ˼Ӷϱ˭ǵ۾ɱڡ
Цѵ߶һǴС֣ǴСɱĲɣƹЦ
˭ϴδлȥӶϱͲ跹˼ʹӶϱ˵пһŮŮһΣȥǻǡϱ˵еġΡҶӶϱˣΪġƹ۾޺죬һС
ĽͣΧ۵ȺһƬȻһۿУ÷˼Ϊ˲跹˼鵹˵ΪҶ˼һۣǺš
һ룬Ҷ˼ֵز𡣾Ȼ˽ǿһ۾ˡֱδţ
Ҷ˼ϤһߵŮˡŮȷʵ˷˼ǣ˼ŵ跹˼ĵزҲ̫˰ɣҲˣǣΪ跹˼ľȻŮˣѵҲŮˣ
Ҷ˼Ǹ꾫Ҫǲһ̵뿪ŭƹ˻ߡ
һԿţɶ˴Ĵָݼ治ǸǵġرԱſڹײһеϣľ֡
˵ЦģǴСɣҲ޿ܿһ۾Ӷϱ跹˼ƹһЦЦȰ˻ǲҪµĺáˣڼ߹ײǰʲô
ѵһƭ㲻ɣĶӶϱڹײУǲ򿪿ǣ׿˵ɻҪҶӲ跹˼ʲôۿƹŭ
һҶ˼ֵزŮҲ˶ȵȡ˵ΡĶϱΪ˼ζġ
ˣһεԵˣҶ˼ȻߵǼҶ˼˲٣Ҳû˵˭ΪҶ˼һ۶ǿ϶εԵʣҶ˼ٴŮ˶ܲˣΪ̫˼ζ
ԽԽÿܣҪȻνͣ
ΡҶ˼ŵһ𣿾Ȼ˼
˲Щһԣ˼һ֮ۼ׵ķ룬ѾΪƷһ۶ܶȥ˵ĻꡣڿˡҪȻôǿһ۾
찡˼оȻƷһͷо쳣緹󣬿һ۾εߵ
Ⱥ뵽۹ΪҶ˼۵ġɫڿ̫嵭ˡߵŮˣûݴʿɡ
Ҷ˼Ǹ꾫ҳɱ˳Ҫҧ촽һ˫׵۾ɢɱС
ĪҪ֣˵ǲţҲûʲôΡƹĺһû˵ʲô֮
ƹģͲˣоУֲģں׳˭֪һΡƹͲҪˡһЩΧ۵˴󺰵
ǣƹҪҪûУô˼һĿ˼
ƹģҶ˼ǿɡ

һϣЩǴһ˿Ц⡣룬ҪȥֵԽԽȤ
Ҷ˼棬ǵȺüͷ΢΢壬תͷҶ壬ȴҶЦţС㣡֮òܱˡһ۾⴫ȥԳΪһˡ
Ҷ˼Ҷ廹˼ЦɿЦҶҲȡЦҡһΪԼòֵزⲻ֪˭ݵģһȥ׳¶Ҫ𶯡Ĺ˼䣬Ͼͻ汾׳ˡ
СȻûдﵽһ۾ĵزҲ˶ˡֱӦܼҼλֳġҲҪʲôˣʱεʱǻû⡣ڿǻǲΪӪֻǣȥҰεסڿڣҶЦ
Ҷ˼ͬΣ롣֮˼żҪơͬģҲҪʶƷΡ
Ҷ˼ҶεʱȺԽۼԽ࣬ΧļֶΧˮйͨ
㿴˵˼ݵⳡϷǣߣ̲סȻһЦĳ̫ˡ򵥵һ棬ĺ䶯
Ȼʱĵľ֪뷨϶ýźݺݵ㡣Ȼ˵򵥵һ档ҪǷһѣǻʲôӣ
ѾȫͷȺ˼ĭ˵㣡˰ɣ
һ۵ŵﰡϷûһءȻûҧ˺ˣҰƤֵԽ䶯ԽáҪ׳ǣΪҶ˼䶯Ŀơ
Ŀڹײģһֻ̣ҡͷ룬˴һ֣Ҷ˼ٴױȵĵزͬ׳ǣҲ֪һƷΡĴٹˣǧ󸾶һƷΡ
̻Ϸտݼ㶼˾͸ΪңϾĿڹײʵʵİײùͷһ˲Ըⴥ
ɿֲϵԼŭⲻֹ޿κεƹ˵ֵĲˡȥһΣһҶ˼Ҹ˵Ļ˵Ҷ˼
˵ף
ţǾɣϷȥҪ̫ճ·߰ɡǰȥ˼еΡЦ
ѾȥˣֻҪϷꡣһ߾Ϳʼжˡұ֤׳˲֪Ρ
ͷתͷ԰˵Ǳôˣ
԰صͷˡ͵֣ŪһΣҪȻ˼ĲˡԽߣԽҡ
ЦЦ˵˵ƷҲܱƷûһβҪҪ˵ǣǣ
һ仰˴͡һЦĿ㣬ƿһе̬Զ޷ġ


163 ֮
Ѿǰ޴֣ƤһЩ˿ĽζĲε뿪ֻεĿЦһ˼ȥ
ƹļ֣Ϊ֮һ㶡û˵Ͷƹ˵ĸ֮ǰҶ˼С㡣
ƹȻʶؿڣƹȻ׷ȥ
֪ܹҪСʲôƹʵ
΢΢һЦһۿ޺ϵƹЦҶ˼С㣡Ȼң
ƹŹֵĿһӵסȴǰͨ
Χ۵ȺͻȻ֣ż𣺡ܹӣϿ佱˼С֪֪֪˼Σ
￴˼еļˣкȻһЦⲻ·ŵļ
Ȼ֪˴ĸǰһۣԽ˼֮ࡣ˵

һƬȻʲôȻ˵ѣ˵Уǿ϶СңݶΣƷʲôϾΪ֮β֪Ҳû˵˼֮ࡣ
˻Ȼʱǰȥֱֱͨߵǰ˵ܹӣС룡
ЦЦȻ⡣ʱҶ˼رҪ
ֱֱУ޺ϵ
ܹӣһ使ת˳ȥŮˣɾþޱȣĻꡣ
촽΢¡򢣬޳Ĳͦزϸе֫һջҶ˼΢̿ŷęϸ֫ԿŶţŮ˲ǵߵŮˡ룬ûҲͬ˾гԽɵ벻Ҫ˼ô
εĿЦһϧˣǼһ棬ͳϡ
ǺǣҶ˼С˰ɡЦЦŬİҶ˼ջءȻŮҲԣŮһŮˣûǡͣڶԷһСƨѣ˼Ҷϡ
ǵģҶ˼ûзϣҺ֪ܹЩΪʲô
㣡ʼڿвⱩⶼǵĹͣ
Ҷ˼ɷã˫עҵǺܺ棬ܹΪʲô˰ң
ʼ磬ʮε˵ΪԸⰡǱ˱ƵĶѡֻ֣
Ҷ˼Ǵͣ׳ǻ˭ܱ
ܹ˵Ц˰ɣ
ʼŲ㣡˴飿
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Σﵭ˵
һ仰Ҷ˼üɽ˺ԼĸײģһĶ˵ܹһ
ңˣҿ治ô󣡱һԶˡЦҸ㣡֮Ҷ˼СٰһᡣĻӾΡֳλࡣҶ˼СҪģӦպ󵽴᳡ǻᰲšЦ
Ҷ˼ü˭
˵֪ġʼĵȴѡĵʱˣ쵰ʲôء
˼вûʲôΡҶ˼˵
õģǻҶ˼СġЦ
УҶ˼Ȳѡ
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Ҷ˼ԡĪƳ磬üͷЩ췢һĻĻ־һ漣·һֲֻ֮һСرǽһĻ˼жȻ似
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Ҷ˼С㻹бѡ𣿲ǣҪòΡ˼жȻᱻˣվԽߣͻˤԽءЦ
Ҷ˼ûУ漴ǰꡣоǰ̸Ҷ˼Ǽǵãûš
ҴӦˣҶ˼ͻȻ˵
С㣡㡭ҶҶ˼Ӧ̲סҶ˼ȻûСǷ֮ĲޡܼҶҶ˼ûн顣
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷֹҶ壬Ŀⶢ㣡
һ㶣Ҷ˼ôƶɫﲻüѵ㱻³ˣ־òܡ
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ȵȣľ߹ײġǲӦ뿪ˣҶ˼ͻȻ˵
ǾͿǱˣʲôʱߣȻߡҪûǻһֱġȻҪ棬㡣Ҳ˵ġЦתͷ뿪
Ҷ˼ҶһۣɿЦһҲûа취
С㣡ľǰȥμӣⲻ׵ģǱơҶЩĵʵ
ģҶ˼ͻȻЦţһոµĿʼ
ţҶ岻Ҷ˼ĻɻĿҶ˼
Ҷ˼ЦЦҶ˵Ҷ壡ȥƹſڵļײİɡ飬İɡ
Ҷ岻Ҷ˼ʲô˼ֻܵ˵ͷ
ҶȥıӰҶ˼Ŀ⿴ããȺ۾˼䣺һж𣿡
Ҷ˼Ŀһͷɨûз뿴ǸӰһʧ

Ĺ˼־˺þãʩչֶΣŰˡ
ⳡ־Ļ׳ǳ׷˺䶯Ե¼㹻ҹˡ
ӿʼĻ̶̼ʱʹ˺׳ǵĴСֻҪ˵ȻתϡȻܶ˻ɣʡǣܿͱŵ˸ۣŻӻȡ
׳ǣ˶סҶ˼ס˼СҶ˼øݴݣ˼еΣͬߡʹΪͨΣҲһ˺Ȼĵز
׳ҲǵһΣΪһССж𶯷ڡ
˴ʼٸȴҵүȿż÷죬ǽһ仰Щ·ɻ֣ʲôʱֶ·ˣ
߲÷죬ȻӼҶеõϢкȻһЦĳЧ̫ǿˣԭҪʩչֶΣڿҪٺܶಽˡ
·׼Ϣ׳ȥǼѡͻȻ·˵


164 ͳĶ
׳ǻΪҶ˼Ϊ˼зʱһըԵϢٴδӺ׳Ӷ
֮Ҷ˼Գγϡ
ϢǴҶ˼˵ġ˵Ļû֮˶졣˶ڴպᡣ
ܿǾͷһϾ⣬ĳޣһ˶ȥÿ˶϶Щ¹󸾸ռݡµһСС
֮ˣһСһΪ֮Ͼ˭ҪᣬҪһǼƷεߵǲΪ֮跹˼
εõʱϢ˼кͷ׭дһЩˣʸõ롣
һЩɻѣ˼е⡣ôͻȻһ׭У
ɻɻ󣬺ܶǮ޴Ĺ塣ʼ̷Ǯ˵Ǯ⡣Ҫһ⼸ŮƷε
̣ıر˼У׳ǵ˼˱УֻҪΣȥıض˼С
£һըԵϢٴ쳹׳ǡ
֮ν۸ߵã
׳һƬȻرЩ¹󸾣˷֮Сֵ˺䶯ΰҪܵõģǻεŮˣԶϣԼĸġ
ں׳ΪϢ֮Ըĵڣ̵żˡ̵Ļﵽ󲻵òۣǿܱ֤ɨһա
Ϊ˴βߵˣȴһ˷ܲѡÿ쿴ǰ׻ǿڴǾ;Ѫ
ģԭôĺ׬
ģԭƿ˱˷
ģԭ쵰ƭ˵ˮ׼ôߣ
Ҫ֪ڵ˱˻ǣ϶ᱩߡǣʱȴûʱʲô˰һ䣬˵ⶫȥҶ˼ʱϣ
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ЦЦ˵ǵ㲻ϣҪǿôһġⶼҪҪ˵ǣǣ
·ͷ俴һۣȴֹȥɡʱȻܿҲһʱ
˵ֻܴͷ㲻һȥҶ˼
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뿪ҲŲȥ
ᣬں׳һþеġǾˣǰμɽ˺˼ѹһЩȨƵҲõ˵ҪμᣬֻӦǵơԵЩӵ
Уܵ¹󸾲١סеǷֲƯŮˣʳѵҲ١ҲЩԺ㲻ΪҶ˼ҲӦöмᣬ෢ּŮҪһ¡
Ӳ֪һλǧˣҪϲĻĶΪһ
и̾ԶһŮǰ͹̣ʱһ仰ϲͷҲûлؾʹð귽ΣǷ䣿
Ķһ㶣漴˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥһΪŮˣЦϲܿϧδ򡣡
δôֻҪͷĺãûǽڲСҽܾǣľԼЦ
Ķһ㶣漴㿩Цҿɲң˹ɱң
ɱҲɱңֻᶯС㡣תͷĶĶ欣͹ɢŮԳĻ󣬼ˮоһ¶ˮγŮˣŮûеŮջ
ĶȻ˿˼ɵĴԼ΢΢һЦ˵ҲգҪϲĻҵǿ⻵ˣҲֻΪǽһѡ
Ц֮ô˵ءӦ˵δĻȳ
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Ķ̸۾ָĿųĶ˵ôȷ˽
Ķ¶һЦݣ쳣ǲ˵˽ǣܱӶ˽⼸֡
ųĶŵĻʼЦСţˣ뻹ǲҪСˣˡҪҪĻƻҪȵȡ
Ķ֮⣬ǺЦע㣬ĵ׵ǶߵļܾȡһҶߵֵز˲š
ҾͺһɡĶ˿֮⣬վһԡ
ʼ磬˿ΪŮ߶Ŀڸ¹ϴ塣һӰ㲻ò̾ŮĶࡣ
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Ķһ㶣û뵽ͻȻ˵ôһ仰ҵʶһѡ
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ĶĿһֱע㣬ȴ㲢ûŮ˵˼ǲϵĵƺȾƣʱʱžˮϡóĶɻ֣֪ʲô
žƣĿȺѰһŮϡǸŮ˶һһһžˮԵзį֮ɫȻⲻģŮԸջ
һ˫޳ȣ͵Уҷǳ¡Ͽ˵İ׳ͷǶΰķ۾һͷ㷢Ըе촽ˮĴ۾ϸüһֳŮΪ϶ˣɢųŮԵɣ˵Ů˸ջ
ĶȻĿ궨Ůϣɴ㵣ѵ֪Ů˸ƭ



165 ŵ
ˡһǿҵײŵһתͷȥŷһ굹££еľƱˤķֱƬĵǡ
ŵ΢΢üͷһ֪Ⱦƺȶˡ΢΢ƶһ½ţ²µˡƶͬʱҲֱֱŵĶ档
Ȼ㣬ʱһ죬ϵľζɢ۾ż⣬һĲģĿŵתһãɢľ˳ȥŵŵüͷ׼׼뿪ȴ뿪ͨñ㵱Уŵֻεļ
ǰ¶ȴŮ˵Ů˴Ŷʮ꣬ɢٸеķϣһһɢջ󣬷֣Ըˡ
Ҫ뿪ңҪ뿪ҡץϵľƿ򿪾ﲻϵĹ˽ȥ
ڶŵͬˮһȾƣ΢΢üͷվǳץסľƿ촽˵ӣ̫ˣˣ
ܣ͵һƿȵץУ͵˽ȥھˮĹ£ϾͱǺķĿ
ŵǰˣεҡҡͷžƿеľˮ˵ϣһ
Ҫ뿪ңҪ뿪ҡ
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ֹϣŵ棬㵲һСĿռ䣬̲סĹӣӣһãһã
ŵ˲پ󣬼ſϣɲֹظһ仰ϵҲ㣬Ҫ
ŶŰ۾ָһŬƶӣҪŵ·
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ոƶƨɣʹλϵȥ˵ڵϣԴײϣһײ
춯ҲܵһЩˣתͷ˻һĻ̲סָЦЦ˿ûƵģ۾̱ڵϡ
ŵ㱻ײͨĶͷ뻹ץסֱۣҪƶȥ
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ĶŵϵļǳǳӡʱһһܵγˮˣȻҲµ֡
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ĶţǲҪİϷǿ㱻ײͨĶͷʱϾʹͷСô±Ǯȥ𴩣ŵš
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ȻŵĶ⣬ҲѸոմһ·԰ڵʱ΢΢㵣ǲò첽߹ӵ̧ɢĴ̱Ǿζ΢΢üץͬʱ԰Ҳ̲סŵǸˣǸ
԰ػδ˵꣬ŵʹϵǻȴ߰ɣ󣬼ǵøҪǰߵģܳС
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һѶͷ׵ĵطЩͶˡ̲סЦҪֺҵĻŮһ졣
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㵽ʲôˣȻµ֣·
ЦЦѺͳĶԼ˵һ顣·԰꣬˹ŹֵĿ㣬漴ŹֵĿ漴Ц㣡ԺҪԶ㣬ҪȻ֪ٺ١ȥްɡ
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仰һۣҡҡͷû˵ʲôŰɡҪҪȻ
νʼ磬Ķ˵ûʲôüֵע뵽źĵġ
͸Ĵ濴ȥɴżį֮ɫŵӽָȡһľУ·˵ȵȰⶫǴһĵǸ
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׳£һ㶡
Ҷ˼Ҳ֮һ԰ؽ͵
һ仰һû뵽Ů˾ȻܺҶ˼ͬ׳£ǸŮ˵ķϣĺĻꡣȻҶ˼٣ǹٸеŮջҶ˼ȴҪһ
Ů㻹ǲҪȥǵĺá·ͻȻ˵
ʼ磬ûзϡǺͳĶһѶѣǴŮ⡣Σ
Ҷ˼Ǳ׼ôˣ
ˣ͵һˡͬЩ˷ܣʹⳡߵҲ뿴Ҷ˼𺳳



166 ټҶ˼
ȻջԾǰˣʱʱĿͨһĺ̺ȻЩ˶ŴĿġĲɵдʱʱ򣬴ľˮеȥˮû֧͵İڱǻûӦ֮ʱ̺һ˵͵ڵشſڣһߵŮˣһɫڵ̺һˣɫ˵֪õĲӣӵ̺ϹСȹڡ
׵Ҷ˼İ¶ļڰɫĳ£ԵþӨ͸ɢճߣظͿһյ֫𣬺Ҷ˼年ճһߣһۿȥ˳УĿתȹ°ڴϸϸ˵ĽŲᲨƵİ׹֮з貨ӡɢϢһɴĪ˶ֱֱֱҶ˼
˻ŮˣʱסֱֱעųŮһҶ˼һɴ£Ժûһ˿뷨ΨеľŮ˵ߵ
ڷڿҶ˼ͬų֮ɫʹǰŰɫɴҶ˼ţоûٱȵˡ
˳Ҷ˼УĿתҶ˼ǰһɫʶĿӨ͸ıʯɢĵĹΣĵ֬һ㣬ƺŹת𵴡һ̱ʯɢĿʣ˵ͬʱ˵ĻҲսȥҶ˼ľɶϣͬɫʯ׹ƵָϣͬһɢĿʵıʯָϸϸĴһҶ˼һĻıʯװ
Щʯһİɫһ𣬼Ҷ˼ߵľһĻľ֮
Ҷ˼߶ÿ߶һΪ֮һֳһ̣ŮһעĤݡ
ԭֵᣬһȻĿⶼҶ˼ϣסĿߵŮˡ
ͻȻͣתͷһһ㡣޷Ūһױʯ
㣬ȻŪһǱʯ
Ҷ˼ֳֻתһȦһȦ֮󣬾ʧС
ǣҶ˼ߺã˻ûعһڸոյС
ƷȻƷƷҾҵҲҪĵһŮ˴ӳлعȻ󣬿ž쳣ᣬȴÿһ˵ĶСⲻըһڴը졣
찡Ʒ
ŮҶˡ
ԭһ۾ġ

֮ϣ᳹׵ըһĿų֮⣬˭ҪһƷΡ
ڷпֵᣬҲ¶Ц⡣
ЩʯʯģҲû뵽׼һЩصıʯһΣû뵽Ȼһӵдʯˡ
ˣʯԭʯʶǶ˵ȴϲ֡Щ۵ĺɫʯԭʯûȥˡȻΣ
ʯȻɴģֽв÷һ׻ɴ
磬ֶû˵йһ֣ǰһĸоοһ㳴Щ͵ƷˡһͨǶܿοĶ
Ҷ˼ʯɴһµģϣβ˾ҪǻκһŮˣ¶ûΪһзˣһĪơҪɴģǿ϶Ҳ𲻵Ч
ɻζˣļ˵ȥ
ԣﷴӦһȵˣͬƷΣֲֿĵز
˵˷ܣЦЦһ˳ȥڣҲǼʱˣ

ߵҶ˼ڵķ䣬ҲǷ䣬׼Ƿ󣬸Ͻ˿ǺǹӺǰһٰġ
Ҷ˼һΣԸŮһͻᣬΪŮˣͬ𺳵ˡ֮ɫȴò
Ҷ˼ĿŮͳȥʱһӰǰҶ˼һ֮ϾסͣŴ͵Ŀ㣬ۣȻСǧ
㿴ǰ»ɴҶ˼Ҷ˼洩ɫ½ȹرŮģ֫ϸ̣ͦęϸ֫ԿŶţոյľ޲£˼ǻ
ʲôʱģҶ˼дŲ
˿Ůˣ㿴ЦһʱˣһֱǵöҶ˼˵Ļٴμ棬ȻĿĿǰܱǸû㡣ԣֻ׳Ϊ趯Ծ޵̬쳹׳ǣֲҵŵûʵ֡
Ҷ˼Ļɫһ㶣ǲ
⡭һжģ
Ҷ˼뵽ǵõȷϣɸоĵ׶µĻš
С˵һᱣġΪɱ˺ߡ
֮˵ˡĿٳǰңԶСǰ׳һС
Ҷ˼ԭΪ㣬ǲؾˡһҶܳں׳ǣ
ǣȴˣ̬Ҷ˼޷ΪΪЩ˶Ŭ
ôôɵҶ˼һǰ̲꣬סۡ
ǰָĨȥҶ˼ϵˮִҶ˼һů񣬴ûꡣ
ÿһ˶ΪҶ˼ɵĻᡣЦЦ
Ҷ˼ĻԭŵչƵģչһЦһ۵Ժ˾ҡ
Ҷ˼עǰӣεǱв𵱳Ļһᱣġ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷԺеųȥǣԽ룬ԺоԽȴĵΡһ꣬Сǰ׳ǣΪټֳô˼̲סо䡣Ҷ˼Ҳû뵽̬ټꡣ
Ҷ˼ˮЦЦְҶ˼뻳УҶ˼㣡Ժߡ
Ҷ˼ţ仰΢΢һЦƿ㣬ų󼸷ֵ㣬ЦСƨֲʵˡ
Ҷ˼Ļ


167 Ȼ
ŵΣо̾εͬʱҲγۡȻܶ´⣬ŵǵķͷγ۲Ź֡
ŵǲǷʱһһߵŵߣŵһˣӸģ˵ǱǸոյľٶ
ŵǰУɻѡ֪λ˭
ƺ֪ŵɻ󣬹͵ǸոƵһλһЩãү˵ٶͷǰǸ
ŵȻ΢΢һЦҲû
Ҳ˵еݵŵǰ
ŵ˾ٶЦЦӹȥӡҲ˼
ǣ¡
ŵЦЦһ̨ϹʶĿΣȻеУִ򿪡
ŵǿеĶһۣ;ڣסͣ𺳣Ŀ鲻ԽĿ̨ϹʶĿһΡ
ˣôˣһЩŵŮ˼ŵͻȻɻŵ
û£ŵоͨͨϽк£ñ˿
ŵߵŮɻ󣬵ȴûмȥתͷΡΣŮһĽ쳣ʱʮļ۸ȴ
ȣϧ޷ӵһΰ
ǰΰ治֪Ҷ˼ôóҪңԼء
ǰǰΣ˭Ҫ

۷׷׵ʱŵȴϵȻٴλĴСĿ⿴ɢⱦΣٿһξȻһޡ
ŵоŪһסΡһĶ⣬һƷΣ
ŵ벻ֻͨǾ쳣ζŪ
ʱŵûйעΣֽץУ鲻ԽԽС

Ҷ˼ûμᣬ֪һΣȻۡ
㵹һǮ˻Ƿ񡣲Ͼ͸һǮӦôõꣿٺ٣ΰ¥ҪǮҾҽȥ㹻¥
Ȼⳡ𶯺׳ǵƭ֣Ҷ˼ͬʱճƫƫ׳ǵ˶ϲƭ֡˵αߵʱһŮӴضŵġ
㵱ȻЩʱҶ˼شУǰߵŮˣȡһУݸҶ˼ЦҶ˼㣡һ
Ҷ˼ֽӹָļֱоˣ
ʲôҶ˼żɻ
ЦЦ˵룬Ҷ˼ôƯҪʲôβ㡣һףȻ䲻ϵġҶ˼㣬ӦôʱõΡ
仰Ҷ˼һۣûһΣǰδʮϲҼƯġҪ˵䲻ϣҲ䲻
Ҷ˼вһЩϲϾ˻ȥ
ЦЦ㻹浱Ʒ⳴ġΪƷվñĶΪƷҶ˼㻳ʲô
ĻҶ˼չһЦһЦ֣𵴡
治֪ôĹӡ룬ҪһˣȻһļ̡ϵ˼Ҳ顣Ҷ˼Ц
ʱͰ۾Ҷ˼˵ô˵ҴأֻǿЩǮ̫ûšڼҸǵĽţΪѵİǻ㡣Ҫ֪ѻɽİҼңǱŻᱻŽŵΣաҲ˭ĴηҶ˼ô˵أ
Ҷ˼оԼ̵һڡ
ȣǲᱻģ˰ˣҶ壬Ҳָ˶һС̾һԵúΡ
Ҷ˼̵һҺһˡ㣬Ҷ˼һϽֹȥ˵ȥҪˡûƤ
Ҷ˼Уڴ򿪺Ϳ㣬Ȼŵˡ¶ϲ֮ɫ
֮УһɢžӨĹâһΣһ׵ıʯҪһ˶Ķࡣ˵Ļꡣ
Ҷ˼ˣ΢΢ЦЦ˵ҵõٱʯ˶Ķ˳룬Ҷ˼һҪĲСԣһײ͸Ҷ˼ġ
Ҷ˼ͣΪһŮˣһ鱦ȻЩ롣ҪȥҲֹˡû뵽ǣȻõ
ôһ׶һס
Ҷ˼һ漴ЦͲ±鷳
ʼû˵ƷֻһסοһԽһԸҪֵܹ˭
Ҷ˼ЦЦеΣһ۵㻹ƭˡԺ󣬶ȻĻ
оˣôܰʯͷԼĽء
Ҷ˼ôƯˣ᲻ƭġĿҶ˼ɬĺ⡣
Ҷ˼װɬģûЦһЦˣͱװˣ⣬ôΣҲͰˣ·
Ҷ˼Ļ΢΢ЦЦûԹ⻹ûǰǵأǵһҲ֡ɴֻţȻ÷Լ˵ġ
Ҷ˼ĻɴֲȻһЦ
ЦʲôҶ˼ЦĹ죬͵һоֲõԤС룬ȴֲûʲô顣
ûû£ʹҡҡͷ
ôһ˵Ҷ˼Ӿù졣
Ҷ˼㣡ҪΪһϼ£ǲǵڻ޸Ҷ˼Ц
Ҷ˼Ļʲô˼ȴЦһŮˣҪΪϼ¡ȻԸ޸
仰ͷϲԼȻġҪȻҶ˼ôԸ޸Լء
Ҷ˼㣡ҪǵĻǧܲϣ˵ǻ᳤ӵġĶҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼Խ˵ԽŹ֣ܸоʲôȦסϸϸ룬ȴûʲô״
Ҳû㳤ӰҶ˼Ц
ʼΪҴ˵ƭˣ

Ҷ˼ͷŤһߣٿ㣡
Ҷ˼㣡ǵո˵ĻŶͻȻһЦǲǺһѻɴҲ
Ҷ˼һɵɵЦʲô̼ˡ


168 
Ҷ˼ЦʱҶͻȻҶ˼˵С㣬˺ܶƤлҪΣ㿴Ӧô
ţҶ˼ü漴Ҷж٣
ϰٰɣſΧţûܽСҶЩĵ˵ЩС㿴ҿС
ǺǣҶλӵֶҲ̫һЩѵΪЩƤˣͻȻЦֶġ
ҶĻͬ΢΢ЦЦλȷʵֶ׾ЩҲЧʹһЩƤЩСоԶ֮ˡ
Ҷɱ˾ǡͻȻҶ嵭˵
ҶƵĻ̲סĿһ㡣ĵĺܺϰٸ˾ȻſھɱˡҶ忴㣬ͬû뵽СȻѰֳĶ
ǰ⣬ʱ򡣼Ҷ˼ܵģ̲ס̾һϧ̫Сˣʮ꣬Ҷ˼һСӣοһҶС̫һ¡
Ҳ̫֡Ҷ˵
ŹֵĿһҶ壬漴һҶ˼ȴҶ˼˵ͷƺ֮
ȥɣҵλܵܣĵҺ۸ɡҶ˼һ䣬ɢǰδеҲǵġ
Ҷ˼ҪȥһѰҶ˼ץסҶ˼ЦҶ˼棬ǻܵ⡣ȻҶ岻㣬Ǿɡ
Ҷ˼֣ҪƽǾûʲôǴʱҶԱߣҶ˼ɫ˺죬ۼ׼˵ʲôȴŲˡ
СһЩҶ˼ԵӰ˵
ЦЦֱֱ߳УһУȻϰٸƤţ㿴һĻЦѣԷ治֪Ƥܳʲô¡
һƤ˴гһʱļҪǳˣּ¿϶ܶԶ֮ٵ뿪Сǣȴ˿⡣
ֱߵƤǰż󣺡λ磬ʲôЦôģ
СӣƤȻǰЦһȵɷģ
ģŵĸͨͨĵĺٶȣЩûվˤڵϡһƤ㻬ģһЦĻ
ǣܲһ·ΡΡĿЩˣһģ
һƤۣһǲԸ뿪ˣһǺһСӣҪ߿ԣһЩ·Ǯ
·ǮͻȻ䣬Щ˵ûǮ
ûǮûǮʲôһƤЦǰһ֣һ
Լİ˲ĺѪɫһ˴󺰵ң컹ң
㣿ΣƤЦЦĿ㡣
仰ʱȥҪЩƤǻᣬһ͵һƣͰƵڵϡ
㱻Ƶڵϣ˲䴷شޣңңһΡ˼е֮֮һ㻹ҡ
춯أűвѡһЩԶԶϷˡԭֻǾ˵һ֮һɻѣ˼е֮Ѿ
ȻƤҲ֪㣬һ˼еѾˣ֮
ԭ޵ʱʹƵģۿƤ˵㶮ʲô˶һ𡣼ȻΣȻΣ˭˼еֻ֮һˡ
Ƥ죬Ǿ˵еð׼򿪿ǼвΧۣϾʹͷҪⶫ˿ĻЩ¶ϲֲúá
Сƭ˭㵱һĹ𣿡ƤһһҧûС
ϽͷԶԣλ磬ȻûУҳʮǸô
ڴ֮⣬һԸı顣
һɵӣ˿ģĵһǵˡ˼Ҫģ㻹Ҫǻó϶Ҳ
㻹Ƥ۾һ
ҡҡͷҼﻹУλȵȣͻȥĸǰѰô
һ仰Χ۵˸ǲҡͷǵĿɰҲ֪Ǹ
ЩƤȻȥ׳ʮļǻǲƤ뵽пһ׼ֵΣ̲ס˷ҹζҲΧ˼УһƤһ񣬺ƺƵ뿪
Щ˺ƺƵ뿪ϾڵϷĴң컹ңǱߣ
Χ۵˿ͬͯһ㣬̾һ뵽ΣΧ㣬̲סο䣬˵Сֵܣ滨һΣ
⻹м٣ĸײ¶棬ǰġһΣҶСΪĸġ˵бǡء
һһۣ漴˵Сֵܿɼǵʲôӣ
кȻһЦȴһ˲˼֡ΪϼĲֻʯΪ˶
Щ˻ŻɣͻȻ˵ˣҿһָͦƯģҾ͵͵ó˴ûǸС
˵꣬ӻͳһ䣬Ȼָϡ
˿ָϵ䣬˲ˡһȵĿϹʶĿĽָһЩĵ˿һĻûһ˿̲סջȥɡ
˵ͷϽջأѽָջأȻ˵һȥҸװѰߡ
˵꣬Ϳ첽·׼ȥȱƵġ
뿪һҶҵλүηˡ
ЩȻ֪ЩƤ϶ҶλүģôȻǵС
۷׷׵ʱȴһ·񱼡ȻȥĪеĵֻȥЩƤѡոֻǿһҶλүҪȴǽЩƤ
ȻҶ˼ȻǺù
һ·׷ЩƤܵĵͦġڴﵽ˵ܵĿҲûãһ·׷£ڵǵǰ
һƤŵǰ꣬һ΢΢һ㶵ͬʱֹЦСӣȻ



169 
ǰһȺˣӵһЦӡӡͬʱһ׵缲۶һƤ˹ȥ
׵Ƥͷ󺧣һ㡣ܶܵˣֻһҽһƤ˵ϡƤ漴ʲôϽó͵˺ѿȴֻмʯͷƤ󺧣Ǿ塣
һӡһִ׵ϣɢŽζȻĿ
һߣԸһȺƤȻڻ£̶ʱ䣬ЩƤͱ׾ٵĸ
ڽЩ˺뿪ƫƧСĵɫٴλصС
Ҷ˼Ȼոյıݣôʵȫɱˣ
΢΢ЦЦֽˡˣҶ˼㣬ҪûεĻ˵Ѿһˡ
仰Ҷ˼˵ͷȻ֪Ҫλܵһ
ոһĻܶ˼֤ܶȻȻ뵽λܵܵСЩ¹󸾶εƳ磬϶Ҫһ֮ϵΡ
ǣλܴܵóΡòЩ¹󸾹ۿֻЩԹޡǵȻ½
ҪǣŮ˿ʲôóġҪǲó˵Ǿ׼ʹֶˡ
Ҷͬ뵽һĻǰ꣬΢΢Ц˵ֶĲ˯㣬϶޶޲
ҶۣܲķҶôô˵ءҪ޵Ļôܲ˼ҿޡ
ҶЦһҶ˼ЦС㣡ԺҪ㡣
Ҷ˼ЦЦ˫ˮɨһۣ漴˵˺ҵġ㻹Ǻֱġ
ҶûˤڵأֱޣҪֱϻ޳СҲǵģΪҪĻ˵ĳ
Ҷ˼ĻһۺЦҶ˼Ҷ˼ԼӣȻֻ˵ʱ˵䡣ڵʱȴάԼ
ǸҶ壡ǲҪȥҶһ뿪ˡ
û°Ҷɻ
ŭˣôôϵأ۾Ҷ˵ûҿ˵ǶҵСѸҶ˼ǰҶ廹ǲԼ˽ټ𣿡
ޣҶһ䣬Сӻǻ˵
СѸ˵ģѽҲǣҶľô顣ҾбҪΪ£ҶģȵҾȥţߺ׳ˣСѸû˽顣һú׳ÿ˶֪ʵһĿҶ˵
ҶĻЩûŵֶǼʶ˵׳֪۹֪ɡҶȻ֪ſں˵ҪҪôһ֡ĳˡһ뵽ǸҶ̲סһ
ǸˣȷʵһЩҪҶʹĵͷ
ƵܳеҶ壬Ҷ˼ЦҶҲ
ʼҲʶࡣ˵һˣǴһʲôһӡ
Ҷ˼ĻЦҲ㣡
޼ɵҶ˼۾۽ëżߣͫ峺ƺˮҪ͸ƵġҶ˼עӣãȴûж㿪˼
Ҷ˼㣡ץҶ˼֣۰С֣۵ָм͹ָͷģ͸ʷۺɫָ׾Ө͸ʮֵ鲻ԽİҶָ
ץţҶ˼û˼ֻĵȴǰ꣬ԼǰһСѡ
ǣҶ˼㰲ִżʱܸоֲʡҶ˼ĵײ˲
һҪ㣬Ҫȡ̳ʸ񡣡Ҷ˼˵仰ʱимƣ
㶢Ҷ˼۾΢΢ЦЦ˵˵ҪҶ˼㣬˵˵ѵġ
Ҷ˼˼˲ϾιɽЦðͿôˡ
Ҷ˼ҪԸ⣬ԺҡЦſҶ˼żЦȴ˸ое档
Ҷ˼仰͵ĽӲƬ̺Ŷһ۵С˵ʲô
ʼ磬΢΢ЦҵϣԼǸСӡ
Ҷ˼һ˵仰˼ʲôһתƻ˵ס𣿡
ҡҡͷңʱڶǵѧԺǵķ׭ҵġҶ˼ҪҵĻз׭е˴һϢҾǡ
Ҷ˼ô˵Цѹкͷ׭аһˡҵû뵽㻹Ūһ
΢΢һЦҶ˼벻Ķء磬ҡ
ȥҶ˼㻹ǲ˵⣬һھȻ֪ôӻ


170 ս
ҶλӵУʱʱǰȥҪʶһΣƫƫòһ¹󸾶Թһٹ١
ȻЩ㲢û̫⡣ʱ㣬ȴһϢС
һ󹦣üͷ
ţ˵ҴҸġ˵ϴ˴κ͵йսȫйһ֧Ҹ׶Ϊ䡣
˵˶٣תһȥпܱΪ
Դʵ֪ϵʵ׶ǿ𣿡
֪˵ֻ֪ʮʱﵽ죬֮ҲûдϢ츳ʵ϶ҪǿĶࡣҪǣҸ׼ȷ˴С
︸ʲôȻô˵ˣذϽ˴Уһ˴еߣͨӵ̫ƣʵһ·
뵽⣬оͷ֡ðϷǾԲܵģѵöС¼޸ɣ
ҪҪʤҪٳ
ЦûôܷġΪضҪһڲͬ˵Ĵʤпܣ
ȻˣǾʤɡ㵭˵
ü˵ܷûôסҪŻۣʱʤһ֮սܷ嶤顣
Ȼ֪𣿡ЦЦս˵ˣĸףҲ
ͷ漴̾һ۹Ƕ֮ս²ϣĪսĻҲࡣЩ˵ġ
ҡҡͷûʲôĵġĪսΣҪԸֶεġ
Ǵż漴뵽ʲô˵ˣ˵׳Ҳ̫
ʼҲûʲô岻֪ʲô̼ˣȻʼ׳ǡ
ôʵ
ʱûʲô⡣׳Ϊ۹֮һȻЦһú׳ЩĻ̶̻ѡˣûȤȥɱֻ壿
ţɻĿ仰ʲô˼
ѧԺ֯ǰǰ߶Ը壬ԸƶȣҸ׵ȥμӽͻƵ֮˵⣬˶ٺٺһЦȥҲŸģ
̲סһ֪Ҫڡ
׼ܾʱԺȴϵ㣡ӦսҴȥһط
ʲôɻ
ٺ٣һкôĵط㲻һֱѰУջ
ף۾һϾͺܻʵΪʲôǰʱ˵֪
ʵҸȥҪսһǲҸ㡣οҲסֻǵƷƬѡ˵
Ʒף㵹һƷ׺εȿֲʰ֮֮һġƬͬ޴
ٺ٣ƷƬֻһҪҵɫľҲУϹƻ
ɫľͷһ׭ļƷ֮һϵĺûӰ׭ǿƽĲķ׭ԳʵǣҪǼƷķ׭ȴԶԶ㱾ʵʱ죬ôüƷķ׭ܴﵽ죬ߵļ
Ʒϱ̺ſֲͷ׭ЧϣԲһһЧ
Щеı֮һ滹С
ϸջ㣬ȴ͵Ĵϣ˵ˣȥ
ӦˬʵĴЦСӣģҪܵõǸռı㹻á
㷭˷ۣĵȻ֪Ͽ϶ʲô⣬ǵײƬɫľ㲻òĵ
Ȼˣôȥɣ˵
ɻĿһ㣬Сôô˵ˡԭ׼ѪһȥġӦҲ룬˵Ǿһɡ
ͷ뿪ԺȴϣȷʵżвܹеߣԳ
ϣдп𣿡ͻȻźϣѾĶˣҪǲ´Уôƽ
ǺĻûдӽָӳ㣡ֶҪ֪ĻŸ㣿
ˣ֪㲻֪ˣǿԼɡ˦˦ͷ
ֱ㣬㵭˵գȥǰսʱ򣬴ǸŮޣкô
ţʲôôɻźϡ
ͫףʺĻȥˡϻش
Ȼ⣬ȴֻܵ˵ͷԺϵļʶܲڻƭ

ڶ磬·˾㣬ֻǿվʱɻĿ㣺ȥ
ĻüëһΪϲĵһۣһ˵ҾͲȥ𣿡
֪յӣʱвϽ˵ԣԣ
ʶ࣡ɨһۣΪм˵
Цһתͷ㣬ǰȥⲻǴ׸
СȥǾʹɡ㵭ЦЦ˿ںＸ˵
·԰ضһۣĶС㻹ǳ谮
ҲãСĸǱߵһλҪ֪ıŮˣ˵һЩʿЦЦ
ûү֪ұͺˡҡҡͷҪȥս֪ȻաȻǰܲܿ֡
ռά˲˽޵Цݣ㣡Ҿ֪ã
ЦЦȻһǰȥѧԺĴ󲿶Ӽϡ

ǼˣףգҲˣ˸ϵѧԺ󲿶ӵʱ򣬴ӵĵʦգ̲סһ
ʱ룬벻ѧԺǸѧɻʵʲô
㿴һ˵ҼҶСΣգԸһ
ε˵ͷûʲô⡣Ȼо̲츳ʵȴÿһ˱Ҳͦõġôᣬ;ʵ϶ôӦٽмѧԱˡ
뵽⣬ζһ˵һǰսɡһβҪɱ塣ҪǸһĻᣬһΣոϽˡ֪𣿡


171 Դ
С㣡ȵ㲻Ҫ̫ԶһᱣġһΪӢǰڡ
ǰյǲİѧԺһšȻȲѧԺǼλʮʹﵽ죬Ѿúܶ˶ˡ
㣬еǾûʲôŵġ㣬Զˡ
лл벻ˣյ˵ϾεʦǰԼģջ˼ӵġ
ֱֱԾܾɫһ㶣鲻ԽĸֳεɫƽһŮǿͿģʮֳݡǣǰŮȴ˿һ¡һֱûܹ˴֣һܵ
ǣ˲ӵľַܾϲգ
ǰŮֻǳľˣһ˫۾ɢĻҪ˵Ļ궼ƵģҪϵഺջϢֳԡ
һԵ￴ִżֳȺͰĽ񣬲ɶƲƲλСֶһλȹ֮
ЦЦ˿⣬һ֣Сƨ治֪Ȼǽš㵹ûĶֶһΣԶûСò棬㹻㶨ˡ
·´һգ磬ĿʼĳŮĶһŮ˵ٹʱ䣬Ҳһ
ϧˡҪȻҾˡ·̾һ
Ҫȥ֮ԱǵЦ˿ǽţҪߣҲı¡
·żӣ̲סһݣ̫Сˣ
ĵĿ·漴Цб¾ҲСһΡ
·ʶȤı죬ǽţѾĲҲ൱Ѷȵ顣뵽⣬·ɿһ֣Сһˡ
Ȼ˿ӵܾ¶ε뿪
ֵ뿪üԭ˲ʹͷ֮ƵֶԱŸȥǸӵĶˡ
ջص˵ߣɨһ۴żֳעˣһ˵һȺҲС⡣󡻹⡣
仰ЦС㡣仰ʹˣ󡱾ǳġֻ죬ͱˡ
ջûӦ̲סŭһ˵ҿΣգұ㡣
ߣ󡣬ô˧࣡öˡĿ˵Ļ·˺գԭպˣſھĻѻҲѧˡ
һ˻Ȥʱǰһ͵𣺡ǰǺ׳ѧԺĸλܣ
ǣδӦ
εĳϣһ׵ĽʿڶվεǰιһѧԺǰѧԱѾսˡһС˱ʦ
Ǿ鷳ˡι˵
Է˰֣ѧԺѧԱսȥͬʱѧԱһʹܶࡣͨҵǻܶԸĻҾܿǧҪӲӲ壬Ҳ֮ʵ
СĻһѧԱɫ˼֡
СһѧԱˣ΢΢ЦЦ˵ҲġԸѱǷλǾΪǣɱپɱ٣ǿȺڲ
μС˵أҲ˵˽ĻɡҶЩϣǧðʱɹֲñˡ
һ·֮ϣСϸ֪ЩѧԱһЩע
ˣǾӪˣҼȻ˾ӪǾһаվӪĹҪΥɱСһ·ϿͿСʱȴɷ쳣ĵһѧԱԭЦѧԱļ͵һġ
СѧԱź֮뿪
С뿪˵ҴȺпҹ𹥻Ҫ˯̫ˡ

㿴һɭϵľӪ͵ľӪܴһָϡҪҵĵط
⻹Զأ𼱣ɱһЩǣѪǣȻľѪҪȻҲˡ˵
仰΢΢˵ͷ
ǵɱ¾һϣҪѪҺ
ҪѪҺ㹻Ļһξ͹ˡҪǱᴿѪĻҪ١㲻˷Ѿնɱɡϵ˵ʵǲ塣
ǾɱɡͷҪɱ˭֪Ҫɱ˺µġϾÿһֻǶѪ
ȵӪʱɡսô¡һ׼Ӫء
صڵľӪպ㻹δü˵һ仰ʱĺŽཱུĴ
ˡնһۣ漴סգ˵ľӪȥ
ҲѰ㣬֣˷ܵ˵㣡ȥɱǣ
˵ͷδϡѧԱѧԱƺƵĴѾʼӿȺˣЩѧԱȴɢѡ
ѧԱ׷ϴʱȴִȺʹԶȺҲһ֧ѵصĴ
໣
һǺȺУһȺзɢ̹ײעŴ
ȷ棡
ڣ
һ֧նɱȺ
ǣ
ʼֳһӣЩȺͿʼ
ѧԱڣȷ棬նɱȺ
仰˲˷ѧԱʼЩȺ
㿴һĻ΢΢ЦЦҲ⡣ЩȺͨǣֻҪʵﵽƷԸǲѡοʵѾﵽʮƷϻôิӣͲʲôΣա
עɱȺԲ̣ѪأɢѪζ
ⲻģ㾪ǣ㷢ִʱȻŵǹ뵽յ֮ͫСʹĲ˲۾ȷǲǿˡ
Ҫ۾ˣûпԺĺϵ
ţɻ֣֪ʲôԭΪǺ淢ֲǡ
֮ͫһյȻͬ˵Ů޵ͨյҪԴꡣ
ԴꣿͷԴһ˵ڣԴʧǾ͵˱ɻˡ
һŵǹ⣬Ϊʲô˵ʺĻΪսȻ䣬ЩԴһѣ㹻շˡ


172 ̨
һֱҸʲôռֱֱĶ۾ɳ㡣
ת˫鶯ӣɢŮഺĻϢգЦҡҡͷ˵û£ֻͻȻƯˡ
Ļհһۣ𼸷ɬɨɨܼû仰һ
ܵıԴ겻ϵӿյ۾УյЩ£ǹĻ󣬳ĵľĶǣ˳ԡ
ռɱһƬѪζ̱ǲѡɱ¾һƬûĿעա
໡
㲻ЩȺԷǡֻǼվǣ͵˹
ռһץֱۣžֽ㡣
㿴Ҳûпһ⼸ֻǣһӣ׵⼸ֻϵļֻǣ;ڵϣɢŽζһ˿ϢеƮյС
ԭЩ׼ֵģû뵽ļҶȻôǿ׾پͰ⼸ֻǸˣĿһۣҶӦ֮ɡѹС㲻Ҫұˡһ֮Ⱥ£㹻ˡ
ռɵЩȺһųɱһƬ˵㣡ҪҪȥǣ
ҡҡͷ˵ǾͿɡĶͨʿССֶѡ
ô˵ŵ˵ͷ
˵̽ԵĽֶѣɱһ˱
һζԵУûе˷ܣΪɱ¾ѪȣɫЩҰף˱֮ЩŵѧԱһʼ
ֱڶ죬˻ǴżȻһѪȵĳ棬ܲˡ
ʹܲˣĴȴÿ춼ϣһЩССֶѣ£˽ϰΪ

ѧԱϰߺŴǰս
˵սʱǰȴ𺳵ˣǰĶһݵĽʿһʿֱվһۿȥ͸ͷ֮ࡣ
ڽʿĶ棬ͬȺʹԣһͷ
룬ȴһټ̨̨Ŷʮ׸ߣ޴̨֮䣬Ϊġ
Ҫе˺ҵһߣ㲻˺׳ѧԺǺ׳ǲǴѧԺѧôȻţΪʲôұȡǾǰһֻɫľǶŴԣ쳹ռ䣬ÿһʿĶС
㿴ֻɫǣƽ壬ֻɫǶͷһģĽӡǣɢѹֲֻͬޣ
Է˵ıԣĿⲻɿΡ
μѧԱŽ͵Է̨һߺһԡ𽫾ʱ֪Ӳ¡
ߣֻҰ޶ѣѵɣ¾ǡֺһǲмĿ塣
οһ˵𽫾ôɣ
裡㲻üңҪԿԡҪ׳ȴ롣һףڿռըѶ
оƣ̲ס̾û뵽𽫾ͻˡ
Ľ໽һ໽£һֻͬɫǴ̨໽һҵЩӵࡣ
һ仰нʿŭ۵Žǣһ޲ɱ̨ȴֵס
̨ϵĽǣ΢΢üͷһֻߵȵǣɢϢʵǱҪǿһһⳡ̨ʤٰܶࡣ
һѪȴҪͷʼţʮ֮ǰﵽʵҲ֮١˵һֻǴﵽͲ̫ѡ
̨ҫǣ̾һ֪˴ܵʲô̼ˣȻһҪ׳ǣΪ׳֮ôܸǡ
ϰɣվһ꣬ףһһ꽫ʿɢƣȴ˿Сӡ
ϣ΢΢üͷʵȻʮ겻ʹﵽʵܲ㡣
ᶨĿ𣺡ȥ԰ɡܲüͷࡣ
Ļ˵ͷ˵Сĵ㡣
˵꣬Ҳϻ̨һԾ̨
Ȼų򣬲֮ĶԼе
һߵĽʿѧԺĵʦҲ˹ȥ
λʦҲİ˴ǳ˲ٸߵ塣̨սһеҲ֪ǿ߲٣ʮ֮µǿȴٵĿιӡǰ̨ǲò¡ԣҪ鷳ˡ˵
ѧԺļʦ΢΢üͷѧԺмߡֻ壬п䡣ʱͲǶЩѧԱˣ뵽㣬һڵʦҲ
ǵľӡǣΪʲôҪǴ̨һʦɻʵֱӻӱ¾ǡ
Ϊ˴г˻ƷѪ¶˵
ʲôƷѪʦ̲סһΪʲôԸֱӳѹˡлƷѪ壬˵ѹˣѹΣֻô½㳲׳Ǹ͵ס
õİ취ǣʤ˴˴̨żʦ˵
Ҫʤô죿ʦ˵
˵ʤ˾ͽ̳׳Ҫǲ׳ôǾƷѪ֡
ʦϾԣһ˼һ󣬶˵ѧԺ߻ᾡġ
ǾͶлˣԼʦֵ
л׳ζǵõܾͻȻô󶯾Ϊ˺׳Ҳˡһʦ˵
ЩʲôҲ֪Ҫǣʤ̨
Լǣھȥš



173 
̨֮ϣһһԶսƴӸϱֱֱѹԷȥټϢϯһХĿתע̨֮ϡ
͵͵Ŀһɫصĸף漴ץֱ˵㣡˭ʤ
㿴һղûлشĿ⿴̨ϡȡһѳǹֱǵĺϣǹƿ֮þ̨Զ˶
໡Ǵż˷֮⣬צ̨һץֱֱ̨Ծ𣬶㿪˳ǹĹһϱȥ
䡭
ͳǹһӰڳǹϻӶ£жϵ
ȻɣϵĹȴ˿ûмǹӶ֮䣬һǹӰӿռ䣬ĴȣǽӰ͵ۣһ𱬷ɹâŴϢֱֱǡ
֮ƵĳǹõµһڽʿĽкã
ȥһǹת۾͸ϵǵߣֺܴ֮塣
ǹͷҪӴǵʱԭԴе͵ĺ˳ȥ磬ߵľ롣
ÿٶȣ㻺ĸ̾һ䣬벻壬ٶͨ޷ƥеġ
ǴٽǵٶҲ⣬ٶ͵һᣬ׷ȥ˿ݵٶ£һһܿǱƵ̨Ե
̨Եǣ¶໽һ͵һץ̨ľ屻ץݺݵ꣬ͬʱҲ͵һԾ
ĳǹֱӹᴩľ壬ǹڸովĵطֱֱĴ˽ȥ̺ĿֲһƬľмľм赲˵ߡ
ʱһϱֻ󱳡
͵һ࣬㿪ǻδüһǷצӾֱץĺִٵǹ˹ȥ

צӺͳǹһ𣬱һײצ̺Ŀֲӱ˳ȥģһѪҺ³
һĻ̾һȻսҲͶԷʵ̫ˡɷХٶȣûʤĿܡ
໡
ǼѪ໽һβ͵һɨһβʹɨֱꡣ
ȻؿѪǴ˿ȴҲòӭȥ
Ǳӿĳǹϣֲƶĵɳȥ̨һĺۼɿֱֲ̨
̨꣬󾪣һڱӿ꣬ȫĽ¡
͵ߣӿɹѪҺǿž۵ǰҡ
껹û˵꣬ʹϵȥ˰ɡ
˵꣬ͷԸʿȥ
Ҳǣ໽вЦ
ߣһ¶ŭ⡣δ˵һֶ̨ǰǺȵ̸´С
ˣ߽͵ѧԺڰԱʵ졣ѧԺΪ֡
˵ͷһ꣬̾һҲҪˡʵֻǻҪ١ҪûʲôɱеĻ͵ס
Ļ΢΢üͷ˵ʮ֮ߣﵽѾˡҪʤ˶ԷⳡǻͰˡοԷɳǣ϶ѹġ
ٿɣҲһ룬ҪиոǸֵĹϺмֿܡϧЩѧԱŵ
Ļ˵Ŀⶼе̨ϡʱеսһ
ʵȻһǿܵסֻǡֻǵצ£Ҳ
һĻⷽ඼̲ס̾һ
һײǵʤˣצӲ˺ץȥצӼһӲײϣȻһ˿һ
ء
𱻱Ƶˣͷŭ裬һڱӿĴ£ܵϯֲ۳һɢƣΧΧ콣ӰǶȥ
һĻ۾һ˵һУֻǴһˡ
￴һĻҲ̲ͬס¶ϲ⣬һѧԱ̲סһ䣺ã
һӰƿֱֱ֮ǣǿĽӰ˫ײе۾żأڵɹӿסһӰ
ͽӰУһ𶯳ϯһɹ쫷硣쫷ϯ£һƬľ塣

һ͵޴һ𣬻ֲǡ
ɫ͵һ䣬ڵȫӿצӻһǣ𼲳۶ȥ
һǺͬʱĵɳȥ³һѪҺһԶľסӰ
סӰһ˦һӰ۶ȥǡ
ӰǾȻܣɽӰһѪ۱Ӱ̳ɺѪҺ
ǣ˿ûйѪҺǽ˹ȥצӺݺݵ˺
뵽ǶԼôݣȻɽӰܡ£;޷ֵǣֻǱתӣҪܿ
𣡡
һ˾󺰣ǵצֱֱץֱϣץѪۣѪҺ쭳ͬʱһͬʱϣѪɣ̨
Ӷʮ׵̨£Ҫڵϣڵ״ɡѧԺһʦϽǰһѰѵ̨
Ǽס˿Ϊ⣬ɺͷԼ˿ڣż˵಻ˣڳ׳ǣסɡ
ɫ˱䣬һŭĿӡ
ʱ̲סһһͷѣҲҴԲѡ
һ仰˲˵Ŀ⡣ּտͷϲ鲻ԽĶ˵С㣬Ͱֻ̨
Ļ㾪Ŀһ֣֪ġ
ղɷõЦЦûзʲôֻŵЦݣͷתģҲ̨ǰǺȵӽͰʰˡ
һ仰һϣϾûһЩѹŴڼΪ֮Կ



174 
Ǽǰôţͬ˲м֮⡣ȻֻǴǰģǾǰ棬ͬܽԷߡ
໡
һ໽Уڵӿּ۶ȥֲùۿס
ߣֺһһѳУɨȥ׵Ļ顣
űֲƣâǵĳ̲ס˵
һ仰յҲ˲׹Ϊʲôôˡӵбʵһǵһս֮
ȻɣñȻñһżӿ
ڲԷû⣬ֻǵ˵һ䣺ܽѪ֮Ϊʲôܽ
豻ôһ£һҲûм˵ʲôֻĿƵĿ̨ϡ
űǽˮĿֲ岻ײȥǲ㡣ǵٶȼ죬һʱ֮Ҳκβǡ
ռȡϷѵһָһЩ񣬴Ϊֺá
࣡Ϊͱκε𣿡ǱֱƵˣһ˷ܵĽк͵쳤໣ڵӿһͷ޴ǣֻ۳쳤໵ʱܵĽǵУ׳ֻǡ
˺
໽һֻ۳ɵĿֲǣ˹ȥ
һֱ޴ǣɫ΢΢˱䣬˫ֽеĳɹӿ棺Ʒ鳤գ
ֵĴ£ܵӿĳâǣƿ֮ݺݵһֻǡ
һ֮ƣеһжѹסǵϣԭټǣһ£룬Űռ䡣ǵĳɴĪֱֱǱ塣
͵ƷֵֻܵסģǾֵĵֵ£ԭצӱ顣ϣһѪۺ󣬰һֻ̨
ʤõµѧԱ˷ܵĴ
ĺȲ֮Ŀż˰Ȼ漴գƺҪ¶һЩʲô˼
տֿŤͷ벻ССʤһѶѣȻҫ
Ϊ֮˷ܲѵʱһ͵һǺкȲʵ͵ͣһ̨֮ϣֻ̨ٴһֱǣոյǣһֻȻҪǿĶࡣһͷȻѡ
ƣһʦͷ󺧣ֱֱĶֻɢŽǡ
ͬɫأĿֱֱĶֻǡ
ľͬʱ̲סͬĿ֣ոʩչƷܽĴ󽵡ͬܣʱһֻǶԸ֪ܲܽһУ
ֿǰǣɫһٱ䣬δüʲôװһֻǾͿһţһȵӿ³ֱֱĺֵĳϡ
ּ״ִֻܲٵĵ˹ȥǴʱʵһ֮£׳ҲĿѪҺϡ
׷ɣֻӵĿһۣſڰѳס
漴һٴκ֣ϣֺѪҺ磬߷һ㣬ѪҺɢգȥ
˼ԭҫִ˿׵ľͱԷһһ̨ϵǾ֮ɫ
ʦͬʱ¶֣ǣѧԱ֮л˭ܵס
ѧԱ֮ʮδͣǿҲѡĸѾ̨һսô
̨ϵǣͬоͷ֡
Ҫǻų̂ĻɡѺ׳ϣʹ뿪Цżֵ⡣ǿȻ࣬ʮ֮ǰͣҲԶԶȲӵѪ֮ǡһǣˡ
룡һ
ȻˣǾ̨ɡҪʤˣȻ޷˵ҪǰˣߡǾͰѺ׳ЦȻҪǾñȲ壬ҲǼһϵġ
һ仰ŭб£սһѪ۸꣬Ҳ˼˵ôȻ
ȻҪսҪ̨趢ǵ֮ɫ
ҪȻµ̨֮սɡһǲܰܡһʦ˵
ҡҡͷУҪһϵĻĳ಻塣ǳܲסҪǹǶǰܣ顣
ǣǰʮ겻ͣ˭սʤҪǰ꣬ѧԺôĻʦ¡ǣǶѾʮꡣһѧԱȻв츳ġȴûģǶ֡
Ȼ֪Ķ裺ҪʵڲСǾԻƷǡҲԲܰѺ׳ǡ
һ仰üʦ΢΢ЦһƷǰôӦԵģ
඼һЩųһ̨Ҵ򡣡̨ϵֺ쳤Хļ
仰ЩѪյѧԱһŭѣ׼̨ǰȥԸͷǡһ뵽ԷʵȻͷŭȴòЦͷ
ҲգһЩųѣֵñˣɲ
ŭʱһ䵭̨´һͷҲԲѡҵҪʶһ㵽ʲôŵı¡
һ仰΢΢һ㶣ڵ˶ֻһðеĲӣһ̨
㣡ôˣǰ꣬΢΢һ㶣漴վĵطȻգüͷĸ
ѧԺĵʦֱֱ̨ɶһۣѧԺѧ
μһڵʦɻ󣬲ɽ͵յļҶѧԱһġ
һ仰һ˶Ŀ⿴ѯʵĿ⣬ֻܵͷ˵СŮļҶ
һ仰ԭӿϣ˲ʧһССļҶѣѵָ
ͬüѣ֪мʵǵʵǽ֣Ǻûʲô
㣡֣ŭȵ
үȻ˼Ѿ̨ǲӾͲˡҲҪǵһЩѪһˡЦЦ˿ûйŭȣֱֱߵ̨ϡ


175 ҪһξѪ
Ȼֱֱ̨üͷĸ̲סһ㣡ⲻֵܲģ
ûֱֱߵǵĶ棬ɨһ۵ûѧѧҫҲգձҶʶһж󣬽죡
дۿ㣬β͵һɨβϴײеһٰɨɱ˼
ҲԸҡֵסһ졣ȴ˿վԭأƵעǡ
һĻѧԱһŴͣʹҲԭءǲ֮ɫոһȻǵȫȴ춥塣ĵסСôͻȻôǿˣϴμ棬Ҳһѣ
𣬺һ·ͬеѧԱŴ͡һ·ΪǼҶԵʣûٰɫ㿴ǣ˿ǲ֪ҶȻ˵ǿ
һѧԱ̿ˮעӵ̨ϡ̲סһ䣺ˣ߶Ҷ𣿡
ԭ׽㣬ڽ֮󣬲ôѶԸոնԷһڶЩʹɼԷһҲ̫ࡣ
Ҫ㵽׶ǿǵƱӿżײѹȥֲϯɹ쫷磬ѹȵ̨졣
Сһһȵֱƴ֮ϯǣײһ𣬱һ죬䣬̨ϡ̨ľ壬䵽ܣõ¿΢΢һЩȺϵĺ˳ȥ
죡µĽʿͬʱ̲סϲꡣȻҲʵнʿһϣһĿȵĿ㡣
ͬ𺳲ѣܿ㻹δﵽ졣Ǿ죬Ѿ𺳲ѡ뿪Ŷã̶ʱ䣬ʵ
ļҶȻ׾һʦЩĿȻôǿļҶӦȥˣαѧԺЩѧԱȥŰ
ѧԺʦЦһҪ֪ôǿĻ˵ǣҲ֪Ȼ⻰𲻻˵ȥϾҼҶ˵ȥҲš
ͷ𺳹𺳣ȴɵĲѡϾ㻹δ죬ҪԸֻײеǣһѵġǵսҪǿϼ֡
ңȻţսվȲײеǡ
໡
Ȼǰʵȴû˶£໽һһɿֲӿ˹ȥ
ӿЦһֱ˦ɹ䵽ֱۣȵ͵ĻۣһƥҰޣ쳤ХǶȥ

޻εĶһ˭ҲûռȡϷ磬ײĴ䣬̨һƬƬľмľмƮһһްΧУһ
ͷոյѾ˳ˣ벻ȻҲˡ࣬еĻҪǿ֡
ȴ֪ͬ塣ڵĹŶ˴Ҳ˾޴ãʱ򣬹ŶһɹҲ͵ڣʵ״ͨĶࡣǾ컹һСġڹŶĹ£İᵽ졣
𺳣֪Ŷʲôֻ٣ֵʵҪǣԻġҪ˵Ƿ㶼šŶ棬ǷܱģҲû˵Ǹ˵۳һ
ŶãǾ͸ˡǰǣ֮ѣ
뵽⣬Уֱ˦֮䣬ĽʩչŽӰԵĽǶȴǣϴŵĿֲɢź⣬Ϊ֮ľս
ֵͷȴΪ֮һϲֵĹϺȻµĽʿѶá治ѣСļҶ̫ˡ
ĳǶ˼ڴϣܰ
Ǽڵһдżأצ˺գӭצһͬʱɳȥǰӭ˶Է

צĽϣռֻʣӰһδ£ľ̨ϣľм裬̨ıһ㡣
˿Ŷ൱ˣһҲĿתرոϤ֣Ϳ㣬дżֲš뵽ԼӵļҶǿֵز
ֿһգɫƽעӳУɿЦһɫЩ̣Լ˵ǿļҶҪԼѹһ·Լǲмһˡ
ߵˣͬͲѡ֪϶ǿ˲٣ȴû뵽ǿֵز
˹ʺˣôļҶҵ̲ס
տһۣһ仰˵ûаǺбҲȥһ
ʶȤı죬̨Ӱȴòǰı֣ܵĸоﲻɿһۣһŮҪȻļҶסġ
˶ֱֱעһĻʱ̨ϵԽԽҡһһ޵ļң˿˼
ȴ¶΢Цһʤˣ
ԼãʦɻĿ
㾡ܿʼնûж࣬һûˡ
ʦĻĴһȷʵһüʦǾȲѡ
໡
ǴʱҲŭû뵽ԷôѲÿצӶǲһ˺ѶԷһȴôҲͻƲˡôãûиǰһ˺ŭ͵סŭһ͵ıһɹӿצ̺ſֱֱֲץ˹ȥ
צϣһ񱩶㣬е·סצӰϣ㳹׵İΧסа㳹˺˼
һڽʿһĻһȻóǼײжһСľͻᱻ˺Ƭ
һУЦһĲײбɫҲգҲ湻ˣȡһξѪɡ


176 
ɱ߽һŭһѶԷצӰסĽǶȣֱֱĴǵϣһᴩĴ̳һѪۡ
໡һ޴ʹ֮һѪ㿴ѪгһƿһѪװȥһƿ˲װ
װ֮סƿһƿ㹻ᴿһξѪˡ
űһ̵˵ǣû˿Ŀһɨ˹ȥ̺ʮһţ˲ߵǲҽټ屻߷ϣݺݵ衣
壡ҲգʩչסǣĽţһżֱĵ˵
һ仰õµĽʿĺһεʤǱѹƵһɨաһ󺰣Ϊźʿһźףء
ߣһ͵ը죬ʿΪ֮һ١
ⲣȥСӸ˺ѣ󺰵£һͷǴ˳˸̨ϡ
˿ֻƵǣɢźͷһѹǿ
һֻȻΣյĶǣ΢΢üͷɫҲ˼֣һӣĿֻǡ
ܱ࣡ƵıԶ֣˻һȫʬġǿһһϣɢ⣬ɢź⡣ͬʱĪѹȥֲϯХѹȵ̨죬ľΪ֮ѡ
죡һͷ󺧣ֱֱĶ̨һֱδǾʹﵽ졣ѪҲѡһֻѪΪѪҪ֮ϡ
û뵽Ȼɳ˸߼̨Ƕⳡ̨ʤڱصˡ
㵲סƣͷͬ𺳲ѡû뵽ԷȻǿֵزʵ졣԰㻹һս֮Ծ죬ûʤĿܡ
Ĳ࣬ʵֲ̫ˡֲġ
ôֱʣһƷѪɳͲ±նɱ𣿡
ЦҪб£նɱΡ
ߣһ֪Էʲô⡣̨֮ϣ˭նɱǡ
׼˴̨ʱȴ̨ϵ㵭˵ȻˣҾնɱ
˴͵Ŀʱȴ㶢ⲣǴżЦҪеͽһСƷѪǲͽ
һ仰õһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲǷˡһоնɱ塣ǶɣǾǰƷѪҲȻδ죬Ѫ֮ΪֲҪʵ
һֻǣȻһնɱԼǾ֮
໡ͬŭ໣һαӣЩܹеҲˣһоնɱԼʲô
һУ˾ʮΣգҪȫʬⲴĶ㡣
һǰⲣôҶһн㡣

ŵĻɿЦһŵıɫһֱĲˡǿУȻ˵Ļ
С㣡㻹ɣǣʱԵġյ
ȴҡҡͷɱ
㵣漴պǲǶˣվȻնɱһֻǣ
ǣһƽģЦһҲȰ衣֪ҪԼ̨Ļ㲻ûῴһۡ
ĻҪſںı飬վû˵ʲô
һԣ
㵭˵ǵУƷͬʱܵӿӿͬʱһƷƷһѾ޴ն
˾ٶ£ܵǷıڵٵĹܵĸ۵ܱߵʱϢͬڼٵ
űХ㣬һĿתĿ㣬ͼʦü˵ʩչƷɡǣǵƷҪԸһͷҲ롣
ǰλڵƷʱȴӡԽԽ죬ۣܵڵҲͬˮһĲϳ
Ʒ
̨ѹ²ϱһʦɴ˫ۣŵĿ㡣ƷôܣΪѧԺʦǶûСοͬʩչˡƷǾ֮ϵ߲ʩչ
Ҳע㣬û뵽ŪĶƷҶǳ˵Ԥϡ
ͬ𾪲ѣû뵽ȻʩչɢѹĴСͬСӣ͵໽ѪתѪ֮Уɹ䵽ϡ
ʱⲾȻƷѪѪ£ǰһ޴ǣһֻʮɸߴɵⲵĻҪֲ֣ɢĺľֲ֮ⲵĹɹɲϵӿУ׳ĴС
̨֮ϣһһѿֲ֮նһɷǣ˵һĻһסĿ̨ϣ˭֪棬˭ʤ
еӡڲϵĴţǰⲡ֪ͨʽκβֻҰܡȻˣ㻹һжʤҪǰԪնãôʽ͸á
˵һնɱΪľǼŭǣܵĽԼһСǣǰ۵ǣɫҲ˼֡Сͷǡ
뵽⣬еӡԽԽ졣ͬʱԭնҲÿһΪ֮𵴡̨ѹʼľ֮ڶ
ԭʮ׵̨Ȼ̮ĲࡣӲľͷҲһľ
һȡȥͬʱ۵նŭȵԪն𡭡
£ǿֲննһеƣն˹ȥⲼ״Ҳ໽вѣѪ̡
ӭȥе˺ǶסҪʶе˭ʤ


177 
أһɰԾϢǣն񱩵ĺն£նһеǣ̨ʱҪҡ

ն;޴Ƕһ𣬿񱩵ŷ˲̨ľмľмХϯƮؼ䣬һЩʿ۷ֹľмС
ڶģֲľܣһɹƿ֮ն۵ϣһٰ롣ԪնͬʱҲĴ룬նǡ
Լ۵һоȻסԷĹƣͷͬʱնȴòӭϵȥǸոʩչ˴еִܵ۵ͰԪնһ˲䱬һʹ֮һѪ۱նɹѪҺӿ
ͬʱҲڵϡڵ֮һգ屶Ʒ׼ԦģʹֻʩչԪնһ־裬ȴܲסˡ
໡໽жײкŨѪйɹѪҺӿҪ˺㣡
һǣһͷ󺧡ʱ˭óѾ£ս
գ㸸׾㣡󾪺
տһ۵ʤģ
˵Ĵ㵵УȻЦһһлʩչжѣУҾնɱ
˾仰ʱвϽӡͻȻһ٣һбкһն
Ĵ֮£ռٴοʼܵǧٵУɢźıУҲ͵۳һ޴ĽУдƿ֮Ǽ۶ȥ
ɢıУһ˫Ŀɫ䣬͵ĺ˳ȥһС
ǣλᣬȵ
˲Хһⲣ˲СƵܶĹĹѪϡԭѪۣ͵ⲱʹķ໽С
ڴʱԭ޴ͻȻը񱩵ϣⲱըѪģѪƮռ䣬ԭ໽еͻȻֹסĵ˵ϡ
Ʒ
˫۾ֱֱĶ㣬д֮⡣û뵽Ȼʿͬ˿ֲźȻصⲣһͲѣʤˣ
ⲣͬ岻ѣƷѪѪλ֮ϣǾͱһССնɱˣ
Ҫŭһ׼Գ֣ȴһôСĴ򲻹ϵ㵱Ǻ׳˲ɣ
ϱһɿֲƣĵס衣
Ķ漴ԼⲣеײкŨ
һߵĽʿ˵ˣ
ǣʿϽܹȥס˴֮С
ע㣬ǳ֮⡣һǣȻնɱˡһԶԶ߸նɱˡʩչʽƷƷÿһֶǻȲѡ꣬Ȼ˫ޡҶﵽ˼ߵľ硣
һڵʦͬ͵Ŀ㣬ҶѧԺļҲѶãҪǿ֡
뵽⣬һڵʦЩĽĿҲҵҶ̫û˰ɣ
裡̨ҲˣҲʤˡʶȤŵԣ˳׳ǲȾָġ裬Ǿ档
ߣһĶһۣ漴һ۵Ÿոտʼ⡣벻鷢ġ׳Ҫˡ
ڤ粻飡ߵ׳ǵĴնɱĻƷѪѵ㵱ƷѪŵ𣿱Ȼ˼ɣҪ˺ƤҺ׳ǿԸ
Ķ㣬֮һûǿߡ
Ļ΢΢üͷ漴һȻˣǾԿ
迴һ㣬漴̨ϵⲣײУɱƷѪһѪϴˢġ
ʱ㣡ЦһҲںŵĺݻ
Ķһ㣬漴Ǿˡ
ߵĴһ
˱𵭵˵
ǣƺƵˣʼɵ˱
ʱҪ뿪һգ
ȻĵײԸŤŤߵǰ
˭սģЩɫĺȵ
տһ㣬漴˵ǵĵĵԸ壬æ㿴Ҫ㣬ⳡԵˡ㲻лҾˣա
ſգֻεҡҡͷ˵Ļֱӵġֲδ֪֪Ҫǿ߰֡˴㵹ǰæȻϲǰսҲûй֡
㣬˵оô
Ц˵лүģһѣָܻܿˡ
㵹û˵ٻʱĹŶһ䵽ڣָ졣ʱѾԼվˣҪָ۷״̬ǲҪʱ䡣
Ҳָô죬ƷʩչѾһ漣ˡʩչض͸֧̫˺Ҫʱȴû뵽ָ֮졣
Ǹֵ꣡̾һ䣬Ҳ֪ôҵġ
úϢɣ㵭˵һ䣬תǰȥˡֻ¼ױա
ʱҲΧż𺳵Ŀû뵽һնɱǡ
ЦЦĵȴҪҲѡ϶ǾĶ֣ǾֻӲƶԷƷӲȻɵҲû뵽ʿҪȻԲӲʽ
ҪǲӲĴУ㻹ûа취ԸôⳡܵľԼˡ
֪ʲôʱСӱôǿˣȴ֮ûͻơﲻɿЦһ
ЦЦսöһ£ֻҪĲ࣬ʹ׭̫֮⡣
׵Զͨ˶취׽٣οΪ֮ӵ׸ͶһвûС
Ļ˵ͷ˵Ҳ֪Ǿ𣿡
İɣⳡսûôãеɱˣЩ׭šӻȡѷ׭ˣҲǱЩ׭˾Ͳ̫Σա


178 
ΪŶԵʣָٶȱеҪĶ࣬ʱ䣬оһɨ⣬ָ۷״̬Ŷ棬ĵϲѣĹŶǱ׳ʦûз棬ŸԼˡɣǲΪԼ걾ŻĵӡŶӳЧ
Ŷ״ԽԽܡ
֪ǻĹŶеһ΢΢ֹһ˳漴ָźϣϣʲôʱȥ˵Ǹռ䣿
Ǹռ仹û򿪣ս˵ǲŵ̬㻹ȰѵõѪҺһξѪ
ϵĻ˵ͷ漴ƿȡӡһϺǵѪҺϣ׵£ѪҺϱһʱ׵һɢϢѪҺУѪҺСİѪҺװƿУĵЩңĵҺװһƿѪҺҪȻ治һξѪ
װȴľսͬǣκһ䣬ʿĶһ񡣼ʹЩѧԱʱҲҰ㵱Ҷ̲סһ˿η
Щ̬ȵĸı䣬ЦЦûзϡգΪ֪Եʣߡ㾪ȵǣо̲żۣҲɬʱĽͬɡ
Ȼƿһǧ˶ӣ㾪治ѣû뵽оһ֣벻ǽҳŮ̳ȱѪͳ
չˣȻաһѰѷ׭㲻ЩżĴߴٺϣսҲмˣǸռ仹ȥ
𼱣ûбԴ룬żҲûã벻ˣϽ͵֮ѡսΪ˺Ƕ࣬㹻ıԴ䵽Ǹռ䣬Ǹռ򿪡
ϵĻش㲻Ϊ֮һ㶣û뵽ǸռҪɱԴܴ򿪡
һֻоĵȴˡ
ȴ֮Ǻͺ׳ǾͲסʼս
սûһ˿ɣռ򵥵˵һ󣬾ںϵָһȥ
Ȼ֪ҪʲôҲû㣬һСĺ󣬾Ϳʼƿǧ˶ӽ塣
ռɱսԶ̵ĵطѪҺսд壬еһһֻֻ屻ᴩ壬˵ϡ
һ·۶ȥϰֻ׾ٵıնɱ岻ҿ㡣Ȼ岻ǣȻǣһ·սȥ
һ˶оȻ迴豻ǣס޷Զ֣Ƕ֮ǵŹᣬսϵǺɱǸСӣ
ķԸ£ǿʼ໽ȺסһʱᣬȻȺΧ
һ˶Ӫ㣬סʱ̲סŭһȻмʵǶԷҪȺΧĻ׶༪١ʵսϸǴﵽ֮пƾһ֮Ťתս֡
׼ԸʿڻӳԷΧʱȴгһѷ׭׭һ㣬Щ׭£׵籬ȺȫڵأȺÿһ·һ·񱼳ȺİΧȦ
ԭϹȥ׼Χǣ̲ס໽Ųʵͬʱ̲סż־塣ոеķ׭Ҳֲá
뿪սű漲۶ߵ㣬΢΢㵵ͬʱ̲סҡҡͷû뵽ҶȻ˱Ǯϵ׭õǡ
ӳԷΧҲһսһ·ű񱼣ʱҲûʡ
ɱ
Ĵ£ٴɱһƬսѪζʮ㣬ƿǧ˶ӵգͫҲ֪£ıԴꡣ
յ£ԭĵӣʱĸĻ֮ǡʹЩȺյ䣬ʧնɱ
ս㣬ںϵָ£һ·ű񱼶ȥڱ˼Զľ󣬳ǰһڣȴѤĲʺ棬Ư
˴󣬺ϵԺ𣺡㣡
㶨ۿȥȻŲǹıԴսķƮϵĲʺС
׼ȡǾѪеʱȴһӰڸԣһξѪʺУ漴ԭƼ̵ĸһ𵴣Ǹɽȥ
һ㶣ź˵ϣطб֪
ⲻֲ֣̫ءȴûж˱ҸϤռ䡣ģҪҵƬǲôֵܷġϵ˵
һŸڵķ򼲳۶ȥǵľѪ۶ʺ֮УԭĲʺĸѤҲŤȡоһȥǣɽȥ
ۿŸʧ漴͵һĪĿռ䡣ʱ򣬺ϵ𣺡ĸڲһѣֻҪ㹻ıԴӿǸ֡ҲǽռĴš
˵ͷһռ䣬ȴռ쫷䣬ڵ˵ߡ
ȫͻ쫷롣ʵͻﵹǲ¡Ҫעⷽͻơһ߲ռĸأϷԸ
ͷ鲼壬쫷м۶ȥ쫷󱬷ֱۻ赲סһɹɼ쫷硣£Ҳһ·ۡ
Щ쫷ȻǱȴԶȻһ鷳ȴĽŲڻһЩʱҲ߳쫷ڳ쫷ԭӵĻʧһɶռָ
ǰߣȴȥһطȻϤָ㷽
ںϵָ£ҹգܿ͵һѨһĵط
ȥ
һžףȴ׵ĶѨ仰㲻Ϊ֮һ㶡
ȥϣȷû˵
ԣȥģⶴѨûеˡϵһҧŶѨȥ


179 ʥ
顭
Ǹֱڵһ𶯣оȶҪˣֲķܲѡ̧ͷһͷĶѨûбߡ
˵ҪԼʵһ֮¾ͻύ
ϡ㼸ҧгݡ
϶˿⣬˵㲻ûߣ
㵣һŬƽϢֻŲȥ
һռ䣬ֶѨ±ж죬ֲïʢʮ
һصϿУһɽɽȥһȻĺȥǸһ衣ϵ˵
裿㵣漴ŬƽϢͷŭ𣬺ʲô˼˵Լ̫ĲǣԶΪ裿Լô˵ҲнྻСɾš̫۸ˡȻԼࡣС㶼ûأ
Щ߷߲ƽˣӣǵԼϴϴûðǡѽôǲˣ
ȥϴߴٵ
Цãû뵽ôྫĵһ衣
㲻鲻Ըʱ򣬺ϺһСӱԸƽĺͬһЩ֪ǿߣܶ඼Դǵĵǰ衣
˵Ц˰ɡֲԴءôôг飿
ϺһСҲòŷ̰ңԺ֪ôˡɵص¯濾ͬͨȪص׵Уϵص¯дЧһȵ¡һܣܣܴ壬һõ顣˵᲻˺
ϵĻ㶣û뵽лԵʡ
ںϵָ·£źȥΪɽ֮УΪߵԵԵúܰʵҲܿʮҵľ롣
ǰɢŹɹĺ˵ȥһ죬ȻĲٴһ
˵ͷȥϵ֮С
ˮ±ȪҪ΢΢ƫߣ˵⡣˵ˮУ˲͸ɹɺˮĳ塣ںˮͬʱˮһ塣о顣
Ȼ֪Ǻˮڴ塣̲סĺ
ֹ˵ϧﵽ֮ˣҪûдﵽ֮Ļеõĺô󡣺ܶǿ߶ĵݹĺˮͻƵ֮ҪȱɵĶࡣ
㵹ǲ֣ϾˮеҲһ֣ȻԷ壬ȻһЩ˵УŴã֮ͬ
úôһ壬ȻЧȲϱˣǻǴкôġ˵꣬ٴγָ˯
ܵϵ飬Уӡʼӡ£ڵʼھлתŶͬһ͵У뾭ʵ
͹ŶϣٶȱҪֹ
磬ˮеȻҪŨܸ࣬о۳ɵŨֹ£ӡĸ졣
ӡ£ԭĺˮֹһҲӺˮӿڡӿ£ڵĹŶȻתм۶ͷһбӿǣ㻺ĳס
㾪ȵǣȻ˱ˮȴûиоһ˿ĺѡŶһɹڣýά֡
䵽׵㣬оеˮҪ̵Ķࡣⲻģ㾪治ѵǣ׺󣬹ŶʼתÿתúˮеӿŶС
͹ŶеȻܺôɹŨľУ׳ͬģҲϱȻ״ȴҲ˵ڹɹ£ʾȻٴλʵ£ȻȻɸϢȲ
ŶתٶԽԽ죬͸ϱŶǣɡŶٶʮֲֿ£ɹɲ˲Ϸڶ𣬽ܺˮ
ĵ𺳣Ҫٶȣһֱ׾١
ֲֿٶȣ𺳵ͬʱҲٹĹŶеӡĽڻתһϢ
£㲻֪˶ãڸоˮĴЧʱŻֹͣڣʵȻżһٴﵽмòΡ
˳⣬ɴ۾ǣŶ羨һź͸ÿɶ
ⶫ湻صģ𺳵ʱ򣬺ͬż𾪿ŹŶŶѹһ;棬һ־øӵ档
ϻϲʲô𣿡㵹Ǿ棬Ժϵļʶ֪Ķ벻ôùȥˣϻǲϳ
ϴӸӽָгϸϸһǻδ¶棬ڽָʯϵ׾ɫ䣬ָУģŪһʥ
дžֺͲšոȥȴоһӴҪѹˡʥֻʥſꡣʥǿǸ߸ϵĶǳܼġıҪǱ֪Ļ˵ֻ죬ﵽԪ֮ҲᱻǿնɱȡĶÿһ½䶯
ʥͬ𺳣ǲšȻ֪Ŷأȴû뵽ʥͣĭ˵ȷʥ
⻹дողͰɣҪҷӦĿ죬ǾҪϴżֺ£ͬżŭ⣬ʥҲ֪𣿶ңӸոյЧʥУҲǰôڡҪʵȴӵҶˡ
ŭСĻЦһҲ֪ʥ֪Ч
ģʥҲƿصģȴڣôûбϵһ䣬оСӼŹ֣ӽָ̧ͷһ۹ŶԺ˼ʥĴ˵ȴûŶĴ˵úɻѣ
ѹŶϺȵ
ϵĻ㵣оͷ֣ȻӵŶȴƿأͲܰջڡ
оͷ۵ʱ򣬹ŶȴӵĽڡھλãڵʱһȵбӿ纣һڣ޴Ѹ̲סʹһ
оʹֵʱͷͬ𺳲ѣ£ʵȻ춥塣
ŶһȻм壡
㳹𺳣ʹ


180 ټ
һоȵиǾɹŶ档Ҫ춥ʵҪķ㲻ʱ䡣
ЧҲ޵ģһܸ˴ĺô֮ЧʹˡûжôˡҲǱס
ǾǱ׵ʱһ͵ըĶĤʹѡ
˳żȥһŮ˳¶վһʯϣΪԵ˫ֽĻסظѹظѹѩմžӨˮ飬Ŀռ䣬ɢջŮ欣Ө͸˫޳ɢУôһۣɹɻ档˳޳ĲȥžϤһ㶡
㣿Ůˣ̣㵱ǰ׳·Ҫ˯һҹһӵŮˡ
ܵ޴ţˮڵ糺ۿ㣬ʱͬΪ֮һ㶣쵰
̵ĳƺΪĿһ̣ҺôҲòáôĵľӣôû쵰ô׵ҡ
׼۾תȥ̼㻹ֱֱĶŭ㣬գһƬ̡
ôһ˵̲סϸϸĿһ£̶ֻˮУϹֻ߰ģģĿĵ׷̰ѣ֪ԼװƷ
ûƣͻȻ̡
̲ôͻȻôʣż˵Ҫʲô
˵㿴ôҪСѽˤô죿ΪʱˣҪ룬ʱ£װյǺбҪġ
ŭﻹʲôע⡣
ʼ磬Ϊε˵Ҿ֪ûаġ
̺޵ֻҧۿ˵
ٴɨһ̣Ȼˮп壬ģӰʾŮ˵ոտһۣĵ׾̾Ů˵Ըˡ
ǿһڶҴСе𣿴Ҹ㿴ǡŮ̫СˡҪ˵ĿԼΪһŮ˵Ầߵɬ꣬ѹԼǰô£
̼ȻԾʯ˵Ŀʼ£̲סʹı۾ҿ㡣
ιôҲ˧磿㿴㲻Ҳˣõһ𣿡ʮֲ
߿̴Ųı۾۾㡣
Ů˱ųҲ˼ٶҪǣģӰŷӦʮ˵ȥܲסԼ
Ĵ·ҲٵϷŮˣ׼뿪
ԭ׼ҪıġûûƨɵģҾͲ˯ˡǵðһӸҡЦӰ뿪
̼뿪޵ֱҧһԼģǰ͹̣Բ̣ͦôûûƨˣ
ҪһӣΣҧгݣոԼԷһۿ⣬ϾͺϼҪǣ쵰Ȼʲô鶼ûƵľˡ񿴹ԼֵһƵġ
һƽϢһͷٳУϽһ·
ֻɻΪʲôǸϵʦ˵֪ط֮ҲΪʲôеԵʡ

ڿ̣ȥ̾ŮԸ⣬̫˵˾ͿˣǰɫȮʱ򣬲֪˶ŮˣҲ֪Ů˿ľϰˡһȻеۡԺбҪϿΣԼΣϰˣ
ԽԽȴЩŮôܵʵҪģҲǿߴˡҶԷ֪ǸҲǲһǿߡ
ϣȥźϡ
ϸڽָеıʯϣ˵ҵָߣȥȡɫľǶ׭кô
ϵĻ۾һʹĵ˵ͷɫľҪˡɫľʵķ׭ܷӳ죬졣
ںϵָ£㲻ϵı÷һռһ֮󣬺ָһ򣬶˵ɫľ壬СһЩǰˡ
ͷһβԶľ룬Ȼǰ泤һɫľľܵζ͸ζ
϶˵ɫľĲȡĸܳɳԺлỹܲɣ
˵ͷϿ϶о飬Ҳǣɫľ˭ȡҲ⣡
׼ȡɫľʱһ㣬ɫһ䣬Ӱһ֮ȴֿһ
壿ĵ׾ȣû뵽۳顣
㷴ӦǺܿ죡ɫľã۳һҲ֡ѣûжвϵ˵
˵ͷСעܣ鵹ǲ£ֻ似ʮָûһ۾ҪһѶȡȻ׷֣϶ָ㣬ϰͲиǿ㡣
䡭ٴһ㣬ֵ£һЦ𡭡
һ׵£һ͸ֳ׵Уһٰ
׽ֻ壬ͬż־棬ĸ֪Ĳ׾ҳֻ塣
ʯƬɫľСһ㣡ϸˣǵҵһλԵģ˵
һ仰ȻΪʲô϶ôϤˡ
ˤһƿȻȡһƬСĸɫľ
ڸ˲ʱŰɫľȡв󣬵쳣еľĵ׸˲ѣɫľϵСõƿˮֻҪһƷǾʵķ׭սһΡ
뵽⣬СİɫľŻؽָСɫľջؽָʱһŵĶ𣺡Сӣɫľ
һ㶣תͷ˹ȥֻһĸݵŭǲƣ͸¶Ϣһ죬һ졣
û˼ǣ˵СۣԸϻʱ䡣


181 ս֮
СӣûУɫľʮ˷ܣû뵽żȻһطɫľҪܶⶫȻʦʦȻϲʱһѺôʹ͸һ뵽⣬̲סЦ
˵·΢΢üͷʮֲ͵˵
ǳ⣬ŭЦߵ˵Χסˡٺ٣үϲ˶ˡ
Ļ㵹ǲ뿪ͻȻ˵ͬõķϣȵҸһڿ㡣
һ㶣漴Цǰ겻֮ѣ׾پܽ벻ڰΧ»ô
СӸˣȵ
ĻҲҵץ˹ȥֻһץȴץգѾһ
۾ҡҡͷ˵ǿҲһҪѧľӲ㶼ûѧᣬ㻹˼ǿֱǶǿʥְҵ
߷߲ƽǿʥְҵΪЩʺǿҪÿǿǿְҵ̶ڴ½Բʿ
Ͱˣöǿۿ
˵꣬ץ˹ȥȻûжȫٶͬݡɫ䣬˳ȥͬʱ󺰵ס
Ͻֱ۵˹˺ֱ۶һ𣬿ֲǵɳȥɫ˼ֲ԰֮ɫ
죿ɫ䣬ż־ֿ㡣
ľҲĿ㣬һ׵ﵽǲ˼ġһ֮ʦҲѡ
û˵ľһ˹ȥֲɫ˱䣬ӷ˳ȥȵٶȣһȭֱֱĺϣһѪҺ³ĵĵſվȡ
һȭͺѪɫĸѿ
󣡡ȣӰ͵ıãγһǣһɹϱһ𱬷ֲƣȥ
㿴Ҳһݾȣ󷨾Ȼ˵춥ʵһײ󷨡ҪֻʵҪԴǣ㲢ǣ
źһʱڵűӿֲХԷȥ
䡭
ĳ£Է׾ٵıɢྡྷϣǺݺݵڵϣ󷨲ƶɢ
ɫҰ׵ڵϵˣǴżӣɹ˿ûֱӺڶԷϣĹ£ѪҺڵϲǾֵĿ㡣
۾ͻȻʩչһ΢΢Ц˵ԼѶأҶأ
ʦϾ͹Ҫʶ㣬͸ϽĿ㣬ȴӲĺǳ㡣
֪ٴζһ˵ԼѶ͵СñԳ֣
ҡ
˵ʲôȴƾճһԱߵһȥһ֮£ĺͱƣѪҺӿ
˺ɫĺѪɫ
ԼҪ۾ϧǸˣҪȻ԰·Ҳνϧһ˵·㻹ǸоֲܿġҪǱ˿ûٵˡǸŮԸһ𰡣
ʱ˵ϽϵĶȡ㿴ȡһƷĿע⵽һϣһУϸϸĲ̽һȻҲһռ䱦
뱦УŲٶ֮ڵĶӣ㾪ǣоȻҵѪϲѣѪȻ׭õĲϣǱĲϺ̫ˡʱľˮУѪĻȫˡ
һһؼǸոʩչһף΢΢ЦЦ԰һ󷨸ΰˡҲ֪ΰ齨¥ôˣλȥͺúõĿ
ƹؼǰһ鼮󸾴ɫ顯Щ۾һȻ֪˭Զһӡ㻹û㣬ΪļʶһбҪȥúöоһ
οΪĵһӦÿеĳ߶ȣҪǳ߶̫ˣǾӦƣˡ
ȣΰ飬ֻˡΪŮŮҲ˭̾һһջ˵Ҳٶķϣ·˹ɡ
磡ҡڵϣߵǰſǻ˵ҴˣŹҰɡ
ǿǾҪף·ˡ㵭˵
磡ҴˣҲˣҡϵĿͷɾڴſǻͷʱ͵ԾͻȻһذףݺݵĴ㣬ȥ
ڤ粻飡һһ׵£ֱϣĺһֳֻױϡ
ȻҪҾȥҲŭˣ벻ԷȻ͵Ϯɱ
һݺݵĴ̹ȥʱһŭ͵𣺡ס֣
仰ͺȣҲûзϣϵĽһ˹ȥ壬ɴ۾ǾֵĿŹᴩŲŻĵ˵ϡ
˿ŵڵϵ۾Ѫ죺
Ŀɴ۾Ķ㣺Ҫ㳥
˵꣬һȵƾͱӿֱֱѹ㣬Ʊӿ£ѹȵѪһҲѹȵЩ
ɫһ䣺֮
ʮ죬ҲƾѹȵѪǾֻǾ֮ˡ
ģ֮֮Ƶġģһôһǿ֡һû뵽ǿߡ
֮ڳ͢ҲǼǿĴڣһЩҲž֮
֮֮һһأһǿˡ
ҪѪע㣬Ψһһͽնɱŭ
ԷĻһɱң㻹񣡡
Ϸɱ㣡
仰ЦҪսǾս
һ仰ڵ˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣺СǷ֮ս֮ȫεĴڡ
֮ս֮Ǻս


182 ܾ
ȻҲһ£͹ŭ쭣ŭĿֱ㣬û뵽һСС֮Ҳս
ֲƴڱӿֱֱıѹȥХ쫷ƱѹϣٴεؿڵѪѡ
Ҳ뵲űĵע㣬ɫ߸ϣעһ㡣
תѹڷѪȴϵĿֲ֮Ȼ֮֮⻹ƶѣҪĳ֣Լһаʽסͻᱻնɱ
ѹϵԽԽŨһֵϵ͵ջءȻںǵƣջأǸЦѡֵֻĸѡ
׼͵ؽʱȴԭϵƱӿԶԶոնԿơĪƣź̬ͥ
ĵ״㵲ѣ޷ôͻȻƣ
Ҿʶһ£εֱֱĶϣżѱƱĺͶԷƶһƶ쫷磬ڵϣ
ôܣƣǾ֮ɫ޷ոջ֮꣬ôͻȻ˿ֲ
Ȼ죬ǿôҲܴﵽ֮ЦһߵŪ飡Ϸ˺ߡ
˵꣬ϵֱһӣļݺݵץֻצӣ
ǣԷХٶȣȴ׾ٵգһ㣬Ͷ㿪һУϵץʯϣʯ˲䱻ץ飬ĩɢһء
ƵʱԺϵ㣡ǿޣôսپ䵽ѨҼֲ˶ãʱûܾȵ㡣
ϵĻɫصĵ˵ͷڡоԺе罭ӣ֮ǰ
ȶʱΨһŵǸż־ֿ㣬޷ȻҲǾ֮찡Ȼǵǿߡ
ϸоԷѾµƣĿֲ֪ʩչʲôطȻʵ˿ֲ
ߣʩչطΣʶһ£ʲôľ֮Ϻһֱһ˦ɹбռӿ£ʼ΢΢Ť
֮ǣ֮УǾ֮Ȼֻһ֣ȴܺͿռ乲񡣾֮Ѿ΢΢֮ˣȻֻһ˿֮εȿֲֻһ˿Ҳ׾ʮˡ
ȥ
Цһ۵糤ݺݵĳȥ֮ռ𵴣ϯ쫷磬ȻƣһС
ҿεסһУϴӣһ㣬֪Ϻ൱ΪĴﵽ˾֮
СЦӡѨеһ׵ֳϵĹӭȥ
䡭
׵һһ쳹صľ챬ϯܣһռ䡣ŰХϣϸոյһȻ׾پ͸ʰˡ
޴Ķ֮ҲԱߵˣȻһΪƫƧأҲмҵǿľԼĪѹʱɫһٱ䡣û뵽֮ھرǵǿʱһǾ岻ѡ
꣬ȻҲﵽ˾֮
ǰļдŲ֮ɫģɬĺܣôܾʹﵽ˺ܶһӶﲻľ硣
ϼԼĹȻһ׵׾ٵĺɢĵҲż𺳡û뵽ǰȻһϵʿȻ˼ɶԷϵʿݣǿŵϲĵӣеһ˿˼ɾʧһɶֱ˦䣬ɹӿ۳һͷ޴ޣʮɵɷ˹ȥһ໽У˵ĻꡣЩΧ۵Ⱥ̲ס˳ȥ
ߣһӡѨеĺӿܵķ۶ǰͬ۳һֻĪޣ໽һŶԷӭȥ
ֻղϵĶצѶԷ˺ѣɹɾǶб䵽ܴƿ֮ļЩǼɵٴκˡ

ֻ޶һһɾ޴ľ籩ŷܵһжݻ٣ɨ֮һա

ֻʱһӡһһֱ۴ִ׵ֱֱĺϡ
׵磬ɫ䣬ҲӲӣӰ׵ովλãɳ˳һټƿճ֣Χߵ۾
㿪ϣǰͬ˼ֹ˼ɡû뵽ǿĳԤϣ˭벻ʵﵽ֮ɡ
ϼһҲһһ׵ٴκ˳ȥ
ϸϽֵϵ׵һٴαһҲƵ˺˼ּɵ
㣡ˣҵֲ˶áϵԺ˵ͷ嫵ѨйװܵӿܣΧһС£ҲסŻƯ
б
һľۼ۳УɢľսĺҫأǧıлΧðڵ߶עһĻ
۵ԽԽУҵɹҲڱӿֲǣĿռ𶯣ǰһУдŽߡ
ҵҪεסƷ
ЦĻһЦƷֻ𣿽бơ
£ǰǧıͿʼŨ£һʮɵıƿճ֣ɢļµĺ⣬ռͬϡһ£ʮС
ϵɫ䣬ߵۣһ޴Уűӭȥ
⺮
״ӡٴδһ⺮һ۶ȥڷ⺮۶ȥͬʱһ׵ȥлϵ·ȫ


183 
͡
һѪҺ³ۿͷѣڵƿҳһӡϲҰǴѪϣһĿת㣬޷꣬Ȼһ֮߰ˡ
ڷڲϢѪͬĵ׾壬ǰɴݵ꣬˿ʬ壬һҧӰԶ۶ӡ
ӣ׼һ׵ȥϵϢȴ͵˥ֹֻס׷ĽŲǿȱϾޣڳ˺ôãڼֲסˡ
ϢҲһĵɻѣ굽ڸʲô
ɨЩһۣҲûдЩ˵˼ȻûնɱϣȴҲ޿κΡֻӰһ߶ߡϾʵʹϴʱѾˣҲնɱ
߸Ͻÿ·żֹһϵľ֮˶Դˡ
ϣ㻹ðɣһ·۵ʱҲ뵽ָѯʺϡʱսĺϲڽĺ˵
ֵסϧ̫ˣҪȻεָܻûмˣռ䵹ǲ£ҵһֶָܻҲʱ㲻ý壬Ҳо֮ʵ˵
ӺϹƻռ䣬֪źҪĶô˵Ҳ⣺Ǻָ·ɣȰҪĶҵ˵
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ϵֹɴ㵲ѡںλѵ뷨Ҳ岻ѣţﰡƷ׶ⲻһ˸ġ
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֮꣬ʩչҲͰˣӵĽ˫޹ҲˡǣŶףȴԼһЩͷԡ
ҡҡͷԺе˦ȥʱϢѾ̵ƷĲΡ
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184 鵤
һ˿׹ʧʱʵҲȶڰ죬ȵ㾭ת澭ѾֳһټѭתϢ
Ӿ˳ͷȴ׵ĵڶƷѾĲֻ࣬ʣһȫšĵ׸˲ѣڶƷţ׶Ȼ벻ı仯
ϣߵߣһϡ
ŴоѹǿϢЦЦҵǵһμ˿ݵġ
׵Чѣ
ϵ˵ͷʵͣЩϹŴңҲһˡЩ˴еˣǲ١
֪˵ʲô֪ͰϵԼԼԼͰϻвٵĲࡣ
С֪
ҲõģŬȥгĻᡣϵ˵
ϧֻһʱ䣬һ˲١һ
ϳĬһ漴˵ϣܵĴвɣ㻹л׷ġ
ЦЦȻԸϣϣֻҪ㹻Ҿ㹻׷
һֶѰҵ˵ˣȱȻȡˡҴȥһطҪĶ
۾һź˵ʲô
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һβ̵ľ󣬺˵һʯͷȥ¡
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Һѵµһֶ㿴ʲôҪġ˵
仰ϽǰŪôһռĴڣȻµĶˣ
㿴ʯ棬ȿǼ鱦̲סֹף̫ˣǰˣôô鱦أ
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ûɱ˵ȡЩ鱦ĿһһŲٵȻȼߣ඼ǻƷȴܸˣḻһЩ
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ʥƷ㵹һƷ׽϶ˡҪƷһ룡ʵǿһδʥƷ˵һ˵Ĵˡ
۹ҲֻǴԻҲӵСڻǲӵУ˭֪
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öĵ׸̾һ䣬תͷϣȴҲһ£Ȼû뵽ĺѻⶫҲ
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֪СӴʲô⡣ǲһţٺ٣һȷʵܴﵽʮ졣һ㽫ᱻŰЦ
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ȻĵҩȻĸãһŵҩʵֻͣʮľ磬޴ҩȻЧˣǲ˭ҳԡ
ϵĻϽʳҩ뷨Ц޴ûʲô
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ϼҲ֡ϾⵤҩڴҲ䶯ο㣡
ⵤҩúͻ׺˶ˣְܽ취ףв׵ǱĲôֲġ׹󣬾ܴﵽ֮ﵽ֮󣬵ҩʮ졣ǻһ£Ҳǰ꣬ʮġҪ˵ˡ˵
˵ˣոյҩŰٿҡøһΰѡȡһЩ˷׳¥һЩ˵һӶܴﵽ֮ЩҩǾ챦
Լãⵤҩʮ󣡾ܴɶǿʵֶΡⵤҩȷʵǰеһ֣˵⣬ɫͻȻżʧ䣬ңϽе鵤ˡ
㿴ЦЦ˵ˣʯеĶҲĲˡڵ˵Щвõġ
ϧˣĶһƫƫҲܹȥ
ϵĻ۾һĵϹȻбǣϵ̬ˡ϶ǿ϶ȡˡƲѣϵղؿ϶ҪǵõĻȻʵǡ



185 
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ÿֲ֮ĵ׾̧̾ͷż̨Ͽȥ̨ӰĻ
ֻޣץ˹ȥ㵣ĺܲܳܵסʱȴֻУȼգյĿռ䶼죬Ψ˺˺һһֻޱϢɣܲϵӰҲܸӵۡ
ڡ
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գɭִƵģ治֮Ͳϵ𡣻صĻͬˣһһĳ׳۶ֲֿ˻£¶ȷԶ죬ʩչȫסϮ

ֲĻ治Ϸڶ𣬹ͬˮڡ𺳵ĳ棬͵עӣȴڲϺˡеĺϣȴѾǣӰ
𣡡
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ա
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ϣû°ɣЩĵʵ
ҡҡͷ𱾾ҵѹģԷӡڲѣֻĹȾǣ֮ָܻܿʱ䣬׹䵽ڣҲ𡣡
ͷ֪
ҲżοҲõɢȻֶȴϾֻĴڡڲͬȻԽƷĲΡΪ֮ĸ𲢲̫ѡ
Щϧǣ׻̫СҪȻԷ
Ҳ޷׵һҵָġż־⣬ֻҪָ۷壬ûΪ壬Ҳһ
ϽָУһ׹䵽ָУ֮󣬻Ļصڡ㾪ȵǣ׻صȻ׳һ֣ҲŴ򿪵ơ
һֱΪֻ׵ܴȴû뵽Ҳá
ȥ׶״Ч⣡ǿ֮Ҳ״кô
׹Ȼ𣡡ϴż˷ܵԺ𣬺Ҳû뵽׵ЧôǿֻҪתһȦڡԶԶϵĹơ
ԼȲָо棬ǲǳԽƷô򵥡ףȻֵĶ׾ٵľͱ뵽Сÿ𣬶һȥ֪״ȥˡ
˵Сӣϸ̾һĴܺôٶҲ١ҪǣЩ봿ʩչҪӵﵽһ磬ǿԽһЩ
㣡ȥɣѾûʲôˣ˵
˵ͷ֪ϴ˴ǰΪ𡣺ϺõҪĶȻԸ·ٴγʯǰ
ϣռôǰӦûбĶɣʵ
ռֲµĶȻ١ڱĵطҲ̫ϤԣָܰѰϵ˵
һ仰ûģȤ˵Ǿռתת
㣡вǿĴڡСһЩܲҵã˵
ͷ֪ÿһʹúϵ˺ĺϵ˵ָܲò
õҪҲûй㣬뵽ָУĵ
ҲһԶ۶ȥռʮִ󣬼Ȼˣ͵һ䡣
ռ֮евҩģһ·٣Ҳһ·ɹȥȻ֪ҩȴܶȥȥ
ռƽ˽ҩıҲãְյ뷨
һ·֮ϣҲߣܽ˴ߣ඼ﵽ֮ǺһҩͬûзŹЩȻѱΪҩڶԵʣǲûзϾֻҪʱ䣬˵ҵҩġ
С椣үߵһʱһϷζʮĲЦ㶨ۿȥ΢΢һû뵽Ůˡ
̴ʱ¶ŭɫϴż糺죬Ľ޶ˡղѣǸΪϲʦһʦӡںһ쵰ȥʱӺû߶ԶȻֱ쵰Ϸ˼㡣
ŭżȵ
Ӵһ̵Ļүϲ̵ĻˣүһѡӹЦǵ⡣Ŀע⵽Ůϣǰ͹̵ʮ˸档ԸеĽ᲻ϹŮˣɫж˵޷ֵջ
үú㣡ٺ١ЦУ˹ȥ
һԵ㣬һĻҡҡͷå̫ûˮ׼ˣ̲סȻȵס֣
ĵ˷ܰӢ۾ƬڳˣŮ


186 پһ
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С椣үú㣡Ϊ׵ûٹ㣬ɫЦϵıƽ̡
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Ⱥ쵰ȻԼԼô˧ôĮԼǲԼ˧һ£ԭ£
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죿ǸӾһۿ㣬дŲ֮ɫ
֪ͬ㲻̣壬Ҳһ£Ҳû뵽Ȼдﵽʵ
쵰湻ǿģֹһеЩ߷߲ƽˣĻôôǿ
Ӽǿ˲͹ϥĶү룡룡
⼸Ӳ֮ѡƽٲԭϣҲһ͵ɱҶƬԭķˮ𡣿ǺΪӲԵʡһǿߣûһ˿սʤĿܡ
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Σ̺һֵֻǣƵӡ
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̼˵ĺЦ˼̲סչһЦһЦ֣ɢǧЩͣĿɨϣںмǾ߾Ө͸͹µջ̲סһɻ棬ŮˣҲһ
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̼׼뿪ȴںһȣ
ţ£ɻʵ
ɲԴңʵ˵仰ʱ糺֮ɫɬޱȡͬʱĵ׶Ǹεʦǧ顣֮ûﵽʵռΣءŮ˵òûƥʵԵ£Σǳȵġ
㣿üͷ漴ЦͲĶǿ
㲻˵ûûƨҲҪ˵仰ʱĸоеŭò㵣Ů˻仰ء
ǸҲûˣʵôһģ˵ŮûУʱ̲סˡ
һ㣿ŭ𲻶ϡ
һ㻹һ㣡ٴ˵
㡭رǰı֮䣬ƺҪ·ƣӦһټ㡣


187 ·ͬ
վһ𣬲ŮҲȷʵǻռ֮УѾмҪ⡣Ҳѹ֣͸Ůˣܹе
˵һּĿ顣һʮе壬һ壬̶ĳǺܴġ
ʦ֪ȥ˵ȥĻǿˡ
ĻͲһԼôѿôżߣ
֪ҧݿ㣬Ҳ˵̾ܵ˼Ĵûһ˶Դƽˣ˭ȹ֮޲úദһ
ԴĻﻹ֮Ůʲô̾һҲ˵ʲôĵײЩˣΪÿתСʣĻ˸档ҪǣŮżأһһĪϢնڷϢ
뵽ָУҪѯʺΪʲôǺ˼鶼ϻػΣһĳ
״ֻõѹƣ漴ݺݵĿ˵ȴ̲סͰǿˡ
֮Աǣ㲻Ӳѡ˵ô䣬Ҳ㶯֣
ҪԵĵЩ˵ʲôҲҪ̸ְǿˡˣôأǰȻûǿ飬һһҲ
ʦǴ󵨣ҷһתƣ˵һ䡣
ô˵ͬĵ˵ͷǸεʦҲû취
Ҫռ䣿Ǽ⣬ǺһߣʵڿռѰãҲûѰĶеͷ
⡭üͬоΪѣһ˴ڿռΣգҪǳ˿ռĻʦҲżȻ̰ʦ٣ȴԸʦġ
׼˵ʱȴ͵һ̣Ȼתһش̼˾ٶɫ˲糺һƬҲŭѣߣͱ˲һԭҲһ·ɫ
Ҫʱ򣬶ȴһˡ
һ㶣תͷȥȴһһ̶굹ǲİ׳ԹĹͬҲǺ׳Ƿһˣ⹫Ҽ
ֱֱ̼Ķͬûа˼ϣ̷˼ͬʱֲɾúЦһֱ;ǧ֮⣬ôܶ˼ߣԼûûƨɣ
ץ֣ˡüǣ㴥̵壬ڵǴϢʩչѹƶѹƲסСһɻֱӿԴ鲻Խ˷Ӧԭ׼Сֵ㣬Ͻ׿̵֣жŮ˹˼֡
ɫҲڼʵֵز㼸ȷŮŹŹ֣
һ̵֣ȴѡԼôѿ쵰ȻһԼ;ܵȾƵġ̺޵ֱҧ
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쵰ҧ촽һЦá
ǣҲûнʲôĿֱֱĶͬɻһôͬߵżȻɢϢҲļ²ѡڵʵоļµʵȻǳԽ֮ߡǾ˵֮ͬ
֮ں׳ҲĴڣѾƿһдͳǳشˡʹǺ׳ɲԼңǿҲ࣬ƽ˵УһȴĪĵطһ־оܹ졣
үȻǾͻȥɡռʲôһ߶ͬ˵
λѵҳһΣ˵ռŲٵı̽̽ͬ΢΢Ц
߿ЦүҪʲôֱʹүҪǣԼҵĲõﻨʱүʱ䣬Ŭ̵֮ﵽ֮ү˵ȥܼ崫СʱԽҲָտɴ顣
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ͬĻɫ࣬һҾͰ͸ɱˣȻʰܼҡ
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ʲô㣬طˣ˭֪ģͬЦ
ͬĴЦʣ£ҲһһңϣȵоĪѹֻʩչȫֵ


188 
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һߵ˵ͷڵӿΪ֮𵴣һޣƿ֮ɨռ˹ȥ֮ռϡ
һо㣡ߺһָһ㣬ϯȥ
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һҽУë𣬽ζƮֱ۾ȻһѪۣĿĵĵѪҺ
˴һĻҲû뵽˵֮ǣŲϵѪҺǲòʵͬʹ˦˦ԴǾҶ֮˿ֲҪﵽ֮ǻ˵á
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ͬǰһһŮһ˵λһ֣ɱ
ߵ˵ͷȻĲ˼ݣͬʱӿ˿ûȥ
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ͽû°ɣ˿û֮һۣһֺõĿ̡
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һ仰ɫ˺죬漴̺ٺЦⲻģո˭۸㣬ڰ۸
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үүͬһ㶣û뵽ƹүү
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˼ȻˣϽϣв߶ͽҴˣĴˣԺԲһˡ



189 
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㱼һ֮ɫҲͣ˽Ų˺ʵһһѨѰһЩɲݣҺõǣԭȱⶫ
ѸɲѨȻԼ·档һ·սϣҲȷʵˡ
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ģϳʲôһ䡣
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㿴һĻ΢΢㶣ӶѨԾ̧ͷգȴӰ룬ĵĹâǹĵġ
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ת̬ʹԶԶǵ㣬Ļ꣬оҪС
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ƷǴһ䣬Բµֱâȥռֻʣâֲĵͽâضָ𺳲ѡ

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ȺעУƷǱһգڵϺһɵľ޿ӡ䣬ǵء
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˵꣬ٴαͷǵǺצĵ𺳡ޡ
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ƷǷıһѪиֳ֣ԭдϵ壬ɺѪҺѪҺԭ¹⣬Ȼʼ۶ȥϢ¹⣬ʱȻɹɹɲˣ߷Ϣҫ財
Ի֮𣡺ǣ֮Ѫ֮塣
ڻƷǵĺ£ԭ޾ȺʱҲ쳤ХǣһɹѪ֮䵽Ʒϣת֮£һ޴ľŽâڻƷǵĽ£²ϵ
ƷŽâ󣬴żһ䣬ҵ󣿡
ΣһΪŪһҾͻ𣿽Ҿʶһ£ʲô顣ף֮Ҳʤҡ
˵꣬еӡĽӡ£һâд岻ѣһȵƴϱ漴ǰȻǧǧӰЩӰ֮ıΧ룬ӰϣɢŵâЩӰȫ
󷨣һǧƳһС
ĺȵЩʼĵӣƲϵ˿ڽ֮ľŽâ
ߣڤ粻飡ƷЦһǴЦ֮⣬ӡ𣬽ټľŽâǿʼתٴαǣǶȥ
һĻ˿ɫָһ㣬ǧӰŶԷӡȥ



190 ӡ
֮УŽâǴŹâһĹᴩУŴǹתϢ⻪ӵ漤գŽâУ˵ͬʱƱǣֲ죬
״һӰϴ̬ϣ֮ɵӰУ׳ӰҲԽԽʵǧâžŽâӭȥ
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Ҳû취һȺѾشˣֻܽԭ𴦵ȺˡһֻֻشȺֻ̾һΪǸŮˣֻشǶû¶١
ֻҪץǸŮ׸ϣһжֵˡ
Ʒ΢΢ƽϢһͷѪ󣬶ߵ˵ץǸŮˣ͵󡣺ߣȱʳˣ㲻Ҳø


191 Բ
Ԥϵ涼Ⱥ̤𶯣£λסڲ˵Ϣɢȥǵɲȹ٣ҪǱǷֵĻɲΪܵסЩȺ
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ʱʱĺһԼҲȣ΢΢üͷŮйŹ֣ģʲô΢΢˼һ£ʹҩ޼
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ǰ꣬ҧҧݵ˵ͷŬϵѹĻǱӡ˵ܵ
߿Щǰ꣬Լ֪ԼǾȻ֮ӡµĴԭм۳ǵξӨҺ壬ǴƺˣµĴȻҪʵڵʱ򣬵ѹƣڡ
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Ȼ֪ȻҲԸһֻ֣ʮңȻҲ󡣿ǣһô귢ϵĵС
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ǰŮԽԽ̵Լյɫ룬ˮҪ͸Ůˣûгɣֺݺݵһץһ˺֮ͬʱƬ㶪һǰ˵Ĺཿ㾪̾Ҫ˼һ
һԷͦ̽ԲۣϸǲӯӯһգȻ֮䣬ȴ͸һ͵ĸоƽ̹۵Сûһ˿׸⣬һȥõ̲ס΢΢ζĳ嶯壬ɢȻֻᴥܸоŮ˵뾪˵ĵԣȴоȵıϢڶϣģͷܿĹ׵ûۡ
û뵽ȻֱӣһۣܲסվǰצһĲ
ѹȥȻҪһǰϷֽգһۺߣץĺ󱳣۵ͬʱȴòס

ȫǰżץ۵Ѫ죬ɫ̲ס˺죬޷ʱԼεķ񡣲ʮ꣬촽Ͱ˰סҲûһ귢ǻʱڣ
ظˣͷ֮ʻά֮֮ҪȴͬҪǣΨһܲ˵ǣʮ갡һɼС
һȻЩ޷ꡣ
ˣĵ׸̾Ů˷ͬʱȴòЦû˵һ仰
ţɻĿ
ʲôվǳˣȻӣǻܹ򾲣ɫݡ
ҵļһ仰ƶǾ룬߲Ǿ룬Ǿ룬ԱǾ룬ֶǾ롣仹Ǿ𣿡
ֶǾ룬ǹ𣿡ûЦǰҲͰˣǲ̫
Ҳûʲôʼ磬뵺ӰУֿζĲûС𵺹Ӱ㵹Щˣ뵱Ϊܿİ鶯Ƭȥѧģҹһ
˵ʲôһֻۣһ۴ŷ֣Щԡ
һΣллˣһлȻˣǾͳĽ
ãҺһΣЦеǾԼ䲻˺˼·Ǽ飬ԷҪл룬ǲԺҪ׼ĵŮ˸֮ڵġ
Ļûըˣ⣿һΣ쵰
ҪǿһϣһƳȥˡ
ǸҪҸĻҲԸġͻȻЦ
仰ĵһɫѣ漴żֲ˵ãлл
һΪ׾ͱŮˣ֪궼ԲΪ׶οһʮꡣ
һҹˣЦЦ벻һ顣ǰɫȮ㣬ϰˣûʲôοҲãһŮˣΪһ飬ͶͱԺһӡ󣬵ȴԲͬûŮˣս̫ѹ㻹Ըյ顣
ʲôͻȻʵ
ҿԲ˵𣿡㿴ЦȻһҹ飬˵˵ûҪҷ֮ҪһֶɢģɫȮ㣬ͳԲ


192 ɱ
㣡ͻȻоЩ꣬ȻԼֶ֪֪ûϵȴ鲻Խ֮⡣
ԴĻʼ˵㣡
Լ֪㱨ֵʱһ˵Цݡ
ôټɣ㵭˵
ȵȣҪȥʵ
ü˵ôˣ
΢΢ЦЦ˵ʵȫӡҲ뿪ԭ
һҲͷ۲ѣʵӡͨһֻǶܶԸˡ
뿪ƬɡҵʵȻǿǱܿЩȺġ˵
˵ͷ漴˵ǾͶлˡ
´˺ҼξУϽ˵
һ仰ɫ糺죬㲱һĺۣ֪·ǺεȵĴĿġӺˣһµĴȻ˿ֲ뵽㻰壬ʲôһΣһۣĵ겻󣬵ǵȴֵ׾پ͸һ塣ʱһˣһ㶼ʮеƷʡ
ˣķӡҪý⿪
˵ҪѲʱ䡣ǵӡʮֲֿҪǴ˴ķӡǿ϶ԷʵҪ忪ѡ
Ļ̲סЦƷǻʵûҲĨǡ
ܳ忪ͺãЦ˵Ȱ͵ȫ塣Ҫȥ׳ǰɣ
ҡҡͷԲȢ׳ǣҪ֪ں׳ǣ֪Ժ׳ǷʲôĹ׳̫ˣͿ̿Ҿˡ
仰Ů˵ֻҲû뵽ĶԷò
ߣҴȥһǵĽأǾԲ̤㣬ȥƷӡ˵
ƬԭǵĽأĵ׾첻ѣǿƬԭĻߡ
Ȼɻ󣬵Ҳûʣ·ɣעܿȺ
ͷ漴˵ʵǿ
죡شǰŮˣȷʵԷҲͱԼ˾ӣʵѾﵽ˵زˡ
ƺൽ뷨΢΢ЦҺ㲻ͬҽ˽һλĴУȻδȫաǣȴܱͨġ
ǰЦȻɢջŮˣŵ˼һԺеųȥ

һ···;вϱܿԭȺһ·߹·֪٣
˹ɺһɱǣ
ĻȻ֪ŮӰԵʣЦҪɱҲѡֻЩΣնѡ
а취۾һżڴ
˵취һֻ֪ǵǿֶ١취Σնм֣
ģǱˣǲָܻʵġƬ򣬾֮ϵǣԸҡӡҴɢԾ֮Ƕش㻹о֮ǣҲԲֻ֮ࡣ˵
о֮ǰüͷɾ֮Ƕ˵ǺвԵġ
㿴ǳĲʱ˵Գűһ£ҲС°ɡɱͷǶѣ»ˣԺָʵ취Ļ
ͷǣŵĿ㣬û뵽ֱ۾Ȼôɱͷǡ
ͣ˵ҪһƿѪҺá
ɻĿ㣬˵а취
㷭˷˵ѵһƭ㲻ɣ
ǣͷȺʵҪǱΧԷĻҲԵסǾ֮ܵס۵൱ֲѵ
Ȼ֪˼һɢȺԸȺȴܶԸˡǾͺñľӡһһѵصľӣԶԶ֮Ϊʩչ󷨵ȵ֮ڵģⲻһһô򵥡
ֲǺӲӲʲôЦЦ
ô˵˵΢΢˵ͷһ·ȻżЦ䣬һ·ȴʮأΪֹûзΣա㻹мĵġĵҲһݲ֪ĸˣԽɬĵ׵ԽɢĿ졣
ȡһƿҧָһСƿѪҺ󣬵ݸ˵㣡
ӹ漴˵ϵһ·
ɫһƬ糺죬ĿЩƵĿ㡣
ʼѲ㣬ǵʱ𲻵ÿɱҡ
ͷתȥ޺޵ĵһۣվһҧӦ
תͷٸһ󣬾ɳɳ㲻ɻҹķŮˣֱʹڻζоڡ
ڻعͷúȻװĵתͷȴŮѾ·ĵ׷̰ѣŮ˲Ǵ·ôô綼ˣһ졣
ɱ˰㵱ûƯ࣡
Цãһ͵ȴֵ֪Լ·ƵġƤݼȷʵ
һɫȹյխխģزȥʡ㼸͸ϡȹ޳Ĵȵ״סµ벻Ҫ˼ôȻĶӿЩ˵ĸо
·ңȥ˵
ԭΪ·ʲôȴδ뵽Ҫ·Ҫʲôֱ̬ȺðɣȻҪ·
ңվﲻɴߴٵ
Ĵߴ٣ŲʲԸİ·㡣ڱţȻһܰζ¶΢Ц
ңȻôľٶɺ޺޵ĺȵѡ
ûдֱһݾУȻһ˵ģһ֮·棬תͷһ˵ʲôֻûζҪûеĻҾͽһȥˡ
仰Цá
ˣٺ٣ҵ¾㿴𺳵Ц
ɵĿ㣬һ·ϳһСƿѪҺôɱǣǲǿЦͻȻãǰСӣҪȻҼɱǣ



193 ԭ
ǰһĻĵɻѣ⵽ʲôڴԭڳһʮĴӣȻ·ŵݶ´ӣ濴ȥһڶף򵥵Ĵһ£ȷ·Ϳһ˺һСƿѪҺҲ·ϣ˿ƵġһУ㵹һˮһѪҺƿ֮УѪҺϣ㵹ȥ漴һһСƿѪˮͱ鲼ɽܡ
Ǹ㣬ɻʵ
ϢͺǴӶĴɢƵġԻЩ㹻ˣЦ
ŹֵĿһ㣬վûѯҪʲô
ˣߣǰȥץ֣ϸ׵֣ͬ
Щ糺죬̲ס΢΢һ£ſ
һۣʮֲ˵Ϸˣ㻹ʲôץץ֣ضѡǸץץֶѣǸл˵
ЦãץҲֻץšֻǣżȵƣĵײһ£̲סյ
ӿΧֹϢɢ˵뿪ܿȺҵ
ͷڳԭĵһ·񱼣һ֮󣬶һԭСϿУ漴ǰ˵ȵȾͿôնɱǡ
˵꣬ĿֱֱעһûйãԶһȺȺԶȺ۾΢΢Աߵ˵ܲܳɹͿˡ
ĻҲֱֱĶһȺЩȺܿ͸ϵڣᣬ򶴵ף漴ЩȺͱ˷ܵ໽С
໽ԽԽڶܿ쳹ա໽е˷ܺʹߴ١
ټȺѹ˵ȴ˼ȫȺϣǿָĲţͬСԵİա
ɬͬʱֲΡȴס֪֪ۼȺҪǷǵĻϾͻ׶༪١
ιָɸֶɳĺһ
ոհָӣָôŹֶͬʱͷҲصſ˵ģȺۼֻ˵
޺޵ĵһۣÿֲңϾȺԽԽ࣬ûΪ˵ͻᱻȺ֡
໡໡Ⱥ໽ԽԽ󣬴ȺҲΧϰֻǧֻȺšȺѶڳ׵İΧȦ˷ܺ;֣ûһֻǸ
׳۵ȺΧһڣסֽ㡣ҪôȺ˿£ּǡȴѹ
תͷ㣬ִʱѾͣ˰ָĿֱֱע׳۵ȺĿдء
ֻ˰ɣʵ
һۿȥ˵ͷʱûһֻҲ˶١
໣һ໽дԶЩ׳۵ȺÿһССĵ·һֻǴԶ򶴿ڡ
֪ǲЩͨ壬Ҫȥܿͻᷢ治һ·ѡ뵽⣬һ΢΢һЦڵġʱ̸Цֻҷ𡣽ּǲ褲
֪˭ţҪҪôնɱЩȺ
ЦЦΪΪ紵Щҵͷ漴ȡӣȼ𣬰ѻӶڲԭϡĲԭܿͰѲԭȼĿХܿȼͬʱһ˦䵽ټĲԭͿʼȼ
ƣ
ֹ£ԭһʮ֮ߣԼٶŶӶȥԭεȺȼգȼչȥȥֻʣһƬ棬Ҳû
ХѣŲԭݣͬˮһȥ棬ǻ۵ĵط
ɨǣ
㿴ٸʮ׵Ļ棬ĵͬ𺳣ǰٲԭӵӰκһζȲһΣٴֳǼ𺳵ġ
֮£ЩȺҲȼնȥĿֲ棬һֻ¶֮ɫʼ񱼶ȥХȺͷӵĻڲԭܣΪ˵
ǸϵǣһĻҲ󺧣Ŷ׵һȥ˲䱻飬¶Ŀݲݡ
ģŭһβ֪ˡ
ŷڶĹ棬ĵͬ𺳲ѣͻϣѲԭȼһգӶȥаضȼյĸɾ˼
Щ񱼶ӵȺ룬αȵϷХٶȡ
Ȼ׷Ⱥ˲ͰһֻֻǸɣֻһ˲Ͱֻ죬ֻ˲䱻ɡ
վڶ濴һĻǵ濾ζתͷѾɿƵ㣬ɫƽһкƵġĿƽעһȺȺֻɡǹĮӵĵȻ˿͸еı顣
߰ɣ㿴ԶһƬ΢΢һЦ˵㿴ЩֻѵģֻҲеġҲ˶ĳŵ͵ʱҹĲɣ
еһҹ˼ǱϾŮ˵ĵһҪˡɱЩȺ˵Ҳ£͵رɡˣʱ̫ܲ顣
˵ͷ˿ԶĻһƬĵ׸о˲١ɱЩǵūͣҲǲķй
̸Ц䣬ֻҷ仰ڵơͻȻ˵ǰ꣬Ǿ仰İС
㵣治Һ褱ȡΪʱ֮ܳһĳЩҲ褺ܶࡣ룬ʫ⻭İͲӵеġ
Ȼ㲻ʲôΪ˵һӣ¶˵ǣеĻҪɹѾȼյԶĻ棬ⳡ֪Ҫȼյʲôطȥˡ
Ұղ紵ò˶ãֻĲԭ
߰ɣ뿪һѻȥǰ֮ˡ΢΢Ц
һǺ𣿡һ˵ֶ˵лл㡣
ãҪлĻϿɲȰָ׸ָָץۡ
˲ɫ̣ݺݵĵһһ˦־ߡ
㿴һĻʼ̾һôôϲץˡˣԺǸʱҾбҪץ֡


194 صӪ
һ·ۣھƿصĵطԽԽԶ΢΢һЩǣ޲ҧǰĶ쵰ͻȻãµİ۵һ顣
ĸֵֶΣԼҪˣһȫһɫȮ˵ҪСһСľҪС
磬˵˵ţͻȻϲкŮ
ſڴк
Ȼʱ˼˵ԭϲŮ
ſڴŮҲ
Ҳã̫ˣԺǾͲΪìˡ˷ܵ˵
ϲкŮģûìʲôϵһ롣ϾͿЦã쵰˼ǣԺŮϲìˡ
ǣʱſһ䣬Ҳ⡣֪Ѿںÿˡ޵ֱҧȴ˿ûа취
һ·֮ϣ顣˵СģһСľȦסǼʹˣɷʤһСĻҪϷһ
Цãֻܲ㡣
ȻһЦ㲻˵͵û취𣿲룬վ˼ϷԼƤ̫ˣ²֡
ڸ·ＸѾȺ㼣һƬҲ͵ĺܣһڼžСһͻȻ˵Ҫˣ
㰡һɨɨܣʵ˵ĵط
ͷǵĽǲԺҪԵǵĻҲԵʱܡ
Ļ㾪ôܳΪͬʱȴòӦﲻΣհɣ
룬漴ҡҡͷᣡ
㲻ģǻǴӽָȡһѷ׭ݸ˵Щŷ
˵֮ȡջ׭ѾеˣЩ׭ֻҪû֮ϵߣ㹻Աˡ죬Ҳκε㡣
ûпֽӹЩ׭˵ȻȥǸ崦ҲһƬ֮ޣڵҪδĿĴͱ޵ţҲһʮͷ۵顣
ôټɣ
ǰ꣬Ƿ׿ȺԵ壬޳ͦΣƬžĿռںϣԵȻûеĵʹݡ
΢΢һЦ˵ͷ֪Ů˲ܰյģ֮ǰǲֱʽ֪ģעڣһˡ
ţ֪ôǷֱʽ
Ǹҵļ磡һط˼ҼҪһһ£뿪ҲҪһ£һ¡ҲסǸȿȡ
ĻŤͷתһ飬ŲӾ׼뿪ȻķֱʽȤ
ˣʼʮΣ̾һô˰ɣ
Ƥ̫Ųֽš
ˣͻȻչһЦһЦ֮·֣Ϊ֮ʧɫ֮·ֻʣЦݡ
һЦЩ͵עվ̲סһץסݺݵȥһеˣڲܷϡ
Ű
ͻĶһʪĸоӿԺ׵Ĵ͡ȻйֹϵǱϾǴԵʣʱ˶ǻԵġǴʱȴѵģٶյĳǿ
ԺһƬհ׵ʱȫǡ
ôټˣ
Ƭ֮ɿ͵˵
ԭŭѾյԺϣʱᱡɲϴΡܳ߶ҲϴСĶࡣǣϾʵʵᱡΪŭʱ㴫仰ŭ˲Ϩ𡣿ǰ꣬Ѿת뿪һ׿ȺرӰȻԭУУԽԽԶ
ټ
ŽģıӰ˵һ䣬֪ǵһꡣֻһټ뵽⣬ҡҡͷȻ¼ѤһʣӶ˵ĸоҲף˵ĽʣҪֶ׶ˡ
ϣúõģ˵˦˦ͷųԺǿϵһѷ׭̲ס֮󣬲Űѷ׭СջؽָŲһȥӰžأϢ
ź׳ǵķȥǻ촽£ܰ㻹ϡ޸߹ŮˣҲ˼䡣
ηϣòġرǣԼ컵ǻˮֻˮ㲻˵ôϲǣŮͬһз˵
ȻʱʱĵϷһŮˣȴΪŮʵӡԵʡҪŮʵȫָҪѹܴˡ
ǼʶŮ˵İԵ˿ŭְᷭԼɱˡ
ŮҲΣա
һ֮ȺŴǣͲ˦˦ͷŮˣԼĲ̫ˡʵָٴλصָ߸ϣޱȵ̬ʱ۶ῴԼһۡ
뵽⣬ųȥӰԶ۶ȥ
·֮ٴλص׳ǺǽսĵطҲϣȴɲϵĻش㲻ҡҡͷαչز֪Ҫá
ѺϣҲСź׳ǾӵķǱȥ
ڵʵԶԶıܿӵķǱȥǲ巢֡㵽׳ǾӲԶ׼ʱȴһʲôˣ
㵹ûΣֱ߳ʽһλ꽫ЦЦ˵ӽ
ӣʵ㣬ɫϲ
ʵϴα̨ۼ㵲סǡǶˡ֮뿪ˣþӺܶ˶Ϊ֮̾Ϣ
ʵٴμ㣬ĵβˣǵʵǿһ֡
ЦЦʵ˵ӽԷҽȥ𣿡
룡ʹȥʵ˵
ллӽˡͷȻȼգǼʵҲþܾ


195 ϵʿ
ʵһ·ķȥ·;вٵʿ㣬㵱һսЩʿ㣬һ·ע񡣶꣬ҲǾġ
һ·ߵڵӪʣ׼ȥȴһʿסڣ
ȥģʵüʵ
ƫˡѾ˾Ӫ߾ӪǸɽȴ˵Ƿֵǵ㼣ʿʵش
ַ㼣ʵüͷ漴˵ӣҪҪȥ
˵ͷʵ˵߰ɡȥ
ĵ׵ǾȣʱӦûʲôսϾǵľ񶼱ˡ
ʵ˾ӪߵϿʱ򣬻δüȴһŭʲôˣߣȻ䵱ǵڹ
仰ʵĵһӰϿ֮Уȴ߰ΧסߵɢϢﵽ֮
棡ʵҧгݣ仰ټ֮Χֻ֪Ϊ
ʵ۵ߣ𺰵ĿƵĶǰߣеֵǵ˼
ҡҡͷ߶ѣԾ֮ȫֳӰǲûкô͵ϮʵѾܳȥˣ͵Ϯˡ
֮߿ʵһ֮͹ЦããͰһˡ
Ŀһľʵ㵽ͬʱֲɶԼƫ֮ǣ߰ˣһֱĹδ뵽ԷҪǣǰ߲֪һӪģȻں׳ǺǽֵʱǰɱѵǵйĲɣ
һǰĵͬĲѡʵոմﵽ֮ѣһǿԸ֮ȴܶԸġ
үߵһ䡣
˵ͷ˵ȵסǡʵ뿪
ҡʵ׼˵ʲôȴϵȥͨԪ˧ӱס塣һ巢սԲͬѰ۹кǱΪ顣
仰ĵײһӰͬ˵ĪĻڵǺǴʲôʶǱΪľԼˡ
뵽⣬㲻ɵԼʲôǺ׳ǵĵڶż塣ЩܼҶҪ֣ܼȻ˵Ǻ׳֮ȴҲκβԼҡ
˦˦ͷ˼ջҪȶԸˡ
֣ɱˣһ߶ߵ˵
Է˵ͷӡӡĽ£һָϣһ㶣Ͼ;˵ʿ
һֱΪԷ߶ѡû뵽ԷȻһʿĿƵĿǰʿҪԷʲôϵʿϾͬԵʿʵҲǲͬġ
ϣԷǹǿʱȴʿָ׹ϵʿ
𾪺ѣɴ۾Ŀʿϵʿʿ֮ΪԵһ֡ͬȼ£ϵʿ޵еĴڡ뵽⣬ɫѿĵ֪ҪˡҪȻ֮Ͳֵܵģοлɳһϵʿ£ֵܵ
ԭԼǣסˣȻѣڿǲܵġ
ͬǣԷϵʿǱϲ˵үһ˶ԸһԸǸߣҶԸǸʿ
ţɻĿ㣬ҪֹҲԸǿһ
İɣܶԸ˵Լ׶ɣ׶κβ֮ʿͬκβϾ㲻ž֮ʿ׵ܳס
뵽⣬ĵ΢΢ġڱ˵ϵʿǿһǶ˵ȴһ츳
ֱֱʿ΢΢ü˵ǿң
үİɣ֪˵ʲôҲûãȭͷŶԷһȭ˹ȥ
ϵʿһ֮Ȼ˶ԸĵЦѣһ׵˹ȥ׵ֱ۴ִʿ룬һ׵磬ʮ죬ҲܺѪˡ
㣡׵㣬һ䣬׼ֵֵȴֱֱӭ׵磬⿴˶͡
䡭
һ׵ϣʵЩ̵ı۾ʱȴԭء׵£Ȼûеһһ׵紩֮У׹ȴĳ
˿һĻͲѣرʿǲţһһ׵ٴκ㡣
䡭
ٴһ׵ϣûеһϱŸǿҵ׹⣬׹дʧС
׵綼ûʲô˺ʵһۣ˶ԷеĲš룬ǿҲ׵綼治ɫɡ
ʿֲͬѵĿ㣬Żɬһ꣬ʵôֲǣǰһĻȴġ
׵ģǾǿԣҲҪֵ
ģҾͲܵסҵ׵磡
ʿŭһһ׵ٴαɹ׵ϣ˱׹ƣһҲ׵ɸǣӡ
һĻʿһ㻹ס𣿡
ʿ׵ƿ񱩣Բܳܵ˵ġڵҲԷݶ׵縲ǣѾܳܵġ
СС׵磬Ҳκεң
ʿЦϵʱһ仰ﴫʿЦݴϣǲ֮ɫ
ֻ׵缯дһ껺߳ϲƵ׵ԽԽ٣ʧһɶϣȥ·ҺЩ֮⣬һ˿״
ŹֵһĻ˵һ͵̤߳㣬ĵײɾһ룬ոʿıȫֵҲҪܲС˺ǣ㡭
ҶЦһ治֪֪ۡҵһ˵ģΪʲôĸԸҵļҶ
ûУ㵭ǰʿ
ʿһһ߸ϵܹӣҵҪǲĵסҵ׵硣
׹ҫ죡
ʿŭ£Էһӡռ׵֮񱩲ϣϣ׹⸡֡


196 
׵ϸֳ׵۳޴׹⣬׹ҫʿգ׹⻯һ׵ݺݵȥ
׵֮׹ⱬ۹âռ֮ϣ˵򣬺ХռƺҪƣŤ
ŶԷһУɫҲ΢΢ء׵Ȼ£̺͵ĻϣҲ³ܲסȫεĻס
ڴͬʱҲӿޣ׵ȥ
ʿЦһ׵ϣɵޣ˲䱻ķֱ׵¾Ȼһжûֵܵסͱ׺顣
ӣʵͷ󺧣ɢļ׵ڡ
Լ۵ȻԷһжסĵ׾ֲ֮ͬʱڵҲӿֱۣ漴ֱ׵˹ȥ
ʿȻֵ׵ĵ׸ǲм㱬ȫסѵѪ֮ܵסɣ
ͬ壬׼ǰһΪ㵲һУȴԷߵסûа취ѳȥ
˻򾪿֣ЦĵעУ׵ֱֱֱϡһ֮£ռ䱬ֲ쳹أڶ
ûĤʹһ͵ע㡣ֻ׵ϣҫ۹âͬʱܣֱȴ׹ϢϹе׵ϣͬһУʧһɶ
ܣʿǰ
ʿɫ䣬ĵЦѡ׵ײԶˣ׶ɣﲻ׵硣
ôֵˣӽָȡһʿ˹ȥ
ƿʿľϽһ׵磬ϡ㲻¶Է׵磬ǲòȲ϶Է
һ£̺ʿҲᵹ֮Զ
֪ȻϵʿҪܾ֮ȴЩ鷳һѾ͵ʵҺүסǡǰȥӪǰ
ʵŷӦ˵ͷϽȥŴǰ˲Ҳӡ
Է߼ʵ˾ٶ粽ҪסʵһʵȥҪʵȴЦһֵŶԷȵĶҡ
˵֮Ͳȥͬʱȵ㣬Ҳסˡ
ͷүġܲ˵ġ
˵꣬׹䵽ϣʿһ̹ȥ
ʿȻΪʲô˿׵磬Ǵ̹ɢź׵磬˿Сӣ׵ͬʱҲ˳ȥ
ڶԷ׵£ϵ׺ɢΪ֮һ٣׵磬Ҳɡߴƽ֡
ȻҪԸԷѣǶԷҪնɱȴҲܡ
ֹʿѣ̲סŭǵһμ˿׵硣ϵʿǱƺΪǿʿ𣿿ǣΪʲôԶԸˡ
ʿһ׵Զŵߺȵǻһ֣ԸСӣҶԸ𡣡
Էһ仰ĵһҲˣʵǿ̵ľǲ¶Է׵硣Ҫþ֮ʿȥԸĻò˶þͻնɱ뵽㣬ȻĲסԷԲöԷǰȥԸ㡣
ģ߱סʿ̲סŭһ׵ӿ㡣
׵ϣǴЧȻȲףȴͬЩãܸоԼʵ΢ЦѣʮܵĳܶԷĹԽԽµơ
ĺã
ĴЦ֮ʿĶУʿѪ뷨ʱԼ׵磬Ȼñ˳Ϊܣκһ˿ԼĸǴžηɫ
ģʿŭһоޱȱֱԸʹ׵繥ˡȴ˿ûа취Ҫǲ׵繥ǶԷ׾ͻʰԼ
ʮܶԷ׵磬ϱƶԷһ׵Լ
׵£ԽսԽ£ɢƣһʿȥ
⺮
һڽŶԷʩչ׵絲סԼʱһ⺮˳ȥʿ뵽㻹һʿ͵Ϯ£⺮ֱӺֱϡֱ˲˿˿˪
ʿֱϵľʹԷһ㣬û뵽һȻһʿ
ЦŶԷʩչ׵⺮ʱһ˹ȥͬʱ⺮Ҳ˳ȥ
£ʿЩǱϵӦʽǾ֮׵ܵѹ£಻ĹɸĪѹ
㣡ʰЩסˡ㺰Ͼոմ㾫֮ʵڶԷҪĹ£ҲЩסĳо̣ʵǿĵط
ĺһ۴ƵҲһֻҪԷ߰ǰԸԼôһжҪдˡҲЩżǷ̳
ɱһĽ⣬һŶԷᴩȥ
һʿ˳ȥͬʱ׵ȥ
⺮
ٴһ⺮ԷЦһΪһ㵱𣿡
Ц𣿡
˵仰һѷ׭ȥͬʱʿʿһĻ
䡭׵ʿʿϽסЩ׵磬׵նֲľŰգ
סЩ׭һҲϵԷߣִٵٴκһ׵絲ס

ͬʱ⺮ʿؿڡ
ڣҪҪҵĵ
Цѣ㷴Ӧٶٿ죬Ҳڵסô׭Լ£оס⺮
Ȼһ⺮ʿؿڣɹѪҺ³ռȡƵ㣬Ȼʹˮһ⺮ʿ
ռƵʱ򣬵ƺƵӲԶϲ֪Ǵǰˡ
ͬ˵ͬʱһ⺮ٴδڶԷϣԷҷɳȥᣬһȥԷһ첲жѪҺ쭣ʿвϡҲֱֱĴʿһֵĵطʿ˿Ҷ
ʵôŴϵڵϣڽµʿʱһ֮󣬱ɻʵȴ˴͡һ֮ϵʿ


197 
ڵϵʿͬ˼塣˦˦ͷŴϿⶼΧŰĿ⿴߸Ȼѡ
󣡡ʵһЩʿʼɵжǧʿƺƵÿһ̤ڵϣ̤ĵ𶯡׳ۡ

ʵ£ӲΧУһʿֳֳǹһ£ݺݵųǹߴ˹ȥ
ǧѳǹԼĵҲȻڵӿΪ֮𵴣ޣЩǹɨ˹ȥ
͡
֮εȿֲһɨ֮£ܶʿѪɳȥݺݵڵ֮ϡһʿİˣû˿ҡʿ˿ȱǹ˹ȥ
ĵ׾ڵӿһЩʿһӶʿĺ£ǹֶɳȥ
ʵٴκһȱϣǹ˹ȥͬʱʿȻƻӿ˹ȥ
ЩʿǾսּͣһ߶ȥɫΪ֮˱䣬ȲӿƵֵ߾ķ֣ԼƱѹơ
ĵ׾ΪʲôһλǰԾӣûϵʵΣ֡

һ֮Уǧǹ˹ȥϹʿϣһʿѪءǲϵĲ䣬߸޷ӦԡڸɷʿЩʿĳǹ㲻ˣץסʮʿסٳǹʱһٳǹֱֱĴ˹
߶ܲǹĴһǹ̲סƺһ
㿴һĻĵͬ𺳡Щʿ඼ߣǵԼηİһ֮ˡ
Щʿ۵ȵƣĵͬ𺳣״Ŀֲɱʿʵֲ

ʵһ£ǧʿǹ˳ȥǱֱֵ۴Ѿ̴ƹڵϣͬʱЩʿǹ֮
ű֮ʵ˵ڣڳ˭ǰġ
ʵ˵ͷ漴ʵƫأ
ߣѾˣлʰȥѶһˣҵҪ˭˹ᣬѺ׳ǧշϡŭˣֱֱĶ֮޷룬ҪԼˣǴֵܵزʱȺٺ׳ǳ£׳ǾֵܵҪ
²⵽˭ʵ˵ӽ֪ôҽ̵ǼΣ
ʵ쳣ľ壬˵Ͻ˵˵
Ҫǲ˵ʵĻʲôˮϻʵĶȥҪǻͿϷ۶ѨУץֻڼ߶档ҪõһЩõϢ̲̫̣ҪǺúûšʵ˵
㻰ʵ˵һǰֶǵùǺģ붼˸оͷƤ顣
Ǻǣҽ˷ֿӽ¡ʵ˵
ʵɻ󣬵ߵǰ㸩ʵ˵˼䣬ʵ˲ɫ䣬ɫֵĿ㣺мʵ
ֻҵĲ²ѡѶʱ˳ȥѶǣڳʲôʵ˵
ʵɫصĵ˵ͷҪ˵ʹˡ뵽⣬ʵɵ֮¶
ȥץЩߺʵ߼ʿ˵
ʿϽȥҲûٹˡѾϵˣһӶҪܾĥ
㣡ԸһƫؾӪͬʱҲߵǰУ㺰
صӪӪոʵ˵ʲôˣ
룬бҪ˵˵ǲģעһ㣺˴Լҵ֮ͬǶԻȥ塣ıζʮ㣬һΧүģҲԼҵˡ
仰ĵ׾ԼΪ׳ǵĵڶ壬ܼҡϢҪʵǺ׳Ҫӿ
㻹õʲôϢʵ
ûУһЩҲֻǲ²ѡүȴòȻ㲻׳ǹϽԼҪԸ㣬׶༪١ѵ
˵ͷ漴˵ţһע⣡
оүҪԸĻʱһûᡣĸ߲㣬һֻƷǶˡÿԶԸǡ˵
ŹֵĿ˵ô֪
ۿһ˴ǡش
ʲôһ˴ǣɴ۾Ŀ㣬дŲšεȿֲʹֻһֲ֧ͬϾһֻƷǡǣֲĴڣȻһ˴еˣ
˵ʵŵһ͵
ˣĵ׾ŵİÿһ֮ѹֶԷܻܰƷˡ
˵ͷ˵֪ˣ
үʲôҪûĻҾˡ˵
ûȤǰӪͻȻʵ
㺹գ𻹺Ůˡ
ǸҲʺսΪһˣҼѪͻΡԣս̵ĵطʺϵҡش
Ϊ仰ûˤڵϣһվ⡣
ţͺúñˡˣ
Ļһû뵽ݣ˵仰㿴Ҳûа㵱ˡ
ЦЦ˵үġС㲻µġ
˵ͷ漴˵ȥɣ
˺ɫ˲䲼⣺ˣ
ױܽ
ߵ˧̨ϣдһֽŷ⣬漴ױһƣݸ˵뾩ǸԪ˧ǵãҪԪ˧սĻʮԪ˧ɱǰ
ױͷ漴첽ܳȥ
ױ뿪һױ˵ȥ֮ʱϮȺ
ǣ
ʿԸȥ֮һʲôƻһֻܽ׳ǡ
˵꣬һߵ˧̨ϣ˧̨ϵĵͼôһֱǱĵֵôվһΰɡˣ۹ľӲǳصġЩˣԼҲǺ۸ġ
Լңϣ㣡˵һԼҵԭⳡսϾǺ⡣ȻΪǲԸ̡Ͼÿһδ̣Ķʬ塣



198 Ӭ
㣡ǰϲѣ첽ܵߣĸ첲һжôȻ
մŵɫȹϸۣϸز΢΢¡Ĩŵ糺죬һŮûе촽ۺ콿ָͨϸ׵ľ峺ģģ顣ȻĶڱˣһɱûеյ
Ŀע⵽յӣ˵ȥ֪ɺܶԵʡ
С㣡ЦźһգҲ
㣡㲱ôץۣͻȻ㣬ִץ֮ϡ
ͷһϱץĺۼȻѾʧǻмǳǳĺۼѯʣſ˵ץġ
𣿣ⲻǵצӣ˵
ĵһ˿Ҫ֪ŮץĻݺݵ˦ֱۡϣκŮ˶ͻ
һֻǡֻ޼צˣһֻǰɡֻ˳Ļѻ˵ȥ
۾۾ŬԼ۾Ŵ
ĵ׶ҪëʱͻȻЦˣˡ
㼸Լһ仰ĵոյ۾һŶ
㿴ŴЦݵߵһŶգεЦЦƺԼƭŮˣûмƽϵ֪֪ʲô
˦˦ͷԺе˦ȥԺ͵ȹضԶСӣʡ͵ĵơ
ǰ£յһտһ¾Ӫܣɫż糺±˷֣һۣŽ֣˿ġ
仰ĵһϲǲû˿Լˡ
뵽⣬㵹ЩԳˡ
ƺ֪ʲôɫ糺죬ĵ˵Ҳ
һ仰չȻǻŮץġʱ˰ǲȷԵʡ
Ȼϣʲôõġһڲԭǡ
ĻЦһ۵ţ
ʼ磬ĵ˵ʵ˷ΪţˡʼҲ͡ھӪУȻյһǱϾ˼𣬺˵һ󡣴ǰѰˣ
ȻΪЩĶ࣬϶һּ͵Ϣⲻ㾪ȵģɢϢϲﵽ֮ˣ
ͷϴδﵽ֮վ̲סһ
һں彻棬ʱȴͻƣףһ׼ûһͻ֮ҪĿ϶ʹõҩѾ豸׵ǣսЩֱֱĺϣЩҵǣΪԵʣ̻񣬵ס׵ĺ
׵þӪʿҲ岻ѡˣмסģ಻ǽֱֵܲ׺ˣʵҲҪǿ֡
ֻڳЩ׺˶̱ˣҪ·˵İǸոմﵽ֮ҪȺ˺ˡ
ҵһжɹˣӲף֮ĵ·ҲߵĸԶ˵Ϊ˾٣ܼ崫Ҳ˵
ҶѣЩ㵽ȥˣ㣬㲱ϵץۣʵôץģ
㻹ûشվͻش׵ġ
һ仰˴㵣һŹֵĿ㡣
˵񣬰ԼǺĺĺʱֻŬԼ۾ſںðɣһŮץġ
ţ˲˾һ⣬ɫ˵ע⡣
ܱĵĿ˼һ˵һȺˣܾܲһ㣬ﵽ֮һˮƽʲôأŮץģ϶Ϊһ顣⻹ڲԭһֻ˵ǡǶ֪ҶǺ֮ǵġСʱͿʼ˵Ǽ°޶СŮʮ趼ŹΪһ֪ˣ޲óǺ졣
ĵ˵ôо˵һ̬ɻ
Ȼ˰壬ȻŹһֻ˵ǣȻֲܿһһȣǣһСֻǣȻܻΡһһֻǡŮǿƻ֣Ȼʵмֻ֡ƻǣѾˣЩֵסֻܺⲫǿܵסϲôץۡ
˵仰ʱĵȴϷû˵ѣû˵ѣʱƻԼЩûеֵסɶʵر
Ľͣ˶һۣͷתһߣǿ˵ʵǾҪۿۣԶûôա
һֻŮǵȥˣտЦ
̾һε˵Ҳ֪ⲫ֮ͷֿˣκβ

һȺ̲סͶȥӵĿ⡣
һĴȤܿ͵˻ƻ裬ƻ赽ӪĺŽǾʹںŽǴʱ˷𣬸Ͻżϵķȥͬʱ˵ϣ
˵ͷղŴķȥ
ƺƵĴϺһڴû˷һʱ䣬ԶͺƺƵĸϹȥ
һҪȥϮ塣ôã״ηˡ·˷ܵ˵ЩһֻǱֵЩ
㿴ܵѧԱЩѧԱЩѵȻһɳ˲٣Ҳž˵ļ͡
ЩѧԱǵĶжһˣϤ㣬һҲ˷ʵĿãʱ룬Ȼܶնɱֻǡ
һЩҪմڨˣϽֹס˽ŲЦȻһҶʵѾǸоĪѹǰ޷ǾʾһԼǿôѧѡøУôһǰǵһоٶʲôãֻͽЦѡ
߰࣬ɶЦС߿ǲӬϡ
仰㿴һգ΢΢ЦûòӬǣ
ɫ˺죬һ۵˵ôײС
ǺһЦĵЩ˻ĸҪľӪˡ


199 
оٶȲν죬ܿ͵Ⱥļ۵أﵽȺ۵غŭһŴȵż
ĺ£һȺϢظǶ£ƿ֮ɫڶϦĹԣȫǡ
㿴ǧļͷҪĻϾܳɴ⬡
໡
Ⱥ֮һҽڶҲû뵽ǹô⻹һǡ
ļ긲Ƕ£ЩǾֲѡһͬѪУǵ໽֮ǲϡ
ûг֣ԼĶ̫춯ˣС滹ֵ֡ӣɢ⣬ֺһתƵġֻ걻ǹ뵽յС
ֻӺ峺ӣ̬תɢĹҪС
㣡۾ǲնվǸоˣ
ûΣЦͫꡣҴǰսҲΪԭ򡣡
Ļ˵ͷտʼʲôܸоһЩĿҲΪ֮ࡣʱҲ𵱳ϸһżһǧ
û£˵кôյ˵ͷĵײ׳ʦ˵Ļĵײ֪Ǹǻ
վߵ㣬˼ֳߡһжôҪˡ
һּȺѪɺӣĵĲ࣬һ
ĺ£ƺƵĴȺȥһ֮ݲһֻֻֻڴĽɱ䡣
໡໡
ȺвϣȺеҲ֣ټܵȺǰ֧Ԯ
ȺսУѪζռ䡣ɱ쳹գ㲢ûг֣;վյߡȻǰѪҲûɫ䡣
̸ЦǣȻΪǰѪȶʲô
ĿֱֱĶգյУͫĿеתĸӿݣյͫĿܿͱǣˮһĹ䵽յͫĿС
㾲ĿһĻ֣˻վ
໡
һ໽УһֻǱֲľݺݵ˹ҹ˲䣬ϯһ쫷磬ʿֻʬɢ
ֵĿֱֱĿǰ˴ǣǴһӣǶѣѵ㻹ԸҲɣ
ǿĶ㣬նɱⲵʱһΪʹñɵļŰΪⲸնɱʵ൱ѡ
һ룬ǿܷŹǰµꡣ
໡ٴһ໽Уǿצ˹ȥצӻռ䣬һƿ֮˸ź⣬ץҪ
㿴һĻЦѣ⺮۶Է⺮ֱֱĺڶԷצϣ֮Զ
ϴĿֲǿ޴ż־壬ۿ㣬дŲ֮ɫܣ
ոյһȻ˿Ҫǿϼ֡ǿĵ׾岻ѡ
ûʲôܵġһѣҵĶ֣㵭˵֮ڣնɱ㡣
˵꣬УӰһӰӣֱֱĴǿޣٶȼ죬Ľƣƿռ˹ȥ
ǿĵ׾ڵӿӭȥ
ɱ߽һһܵ۶ȥɱ¾ǿ޵Ҫ
ǿɫ䣬Ӱ˳ȥצϣ͵˹ȥ

һײֲľڵϣһӡŰ
ǿ£ȴķɳȥֲϣɫ䣬ֵĿ˵죿ϴʵ
㿴ǿޣǴһӣٴδ˳ȥͬʱһ׵ֱֱĺǿޡ
ǿͷȻʩչֵ׵磬ոյ׵磬Ѿ˸ǰִֻܲٵצӵȥʱ򣬼׵ٴαֱֱĺĺϣԭë˲䱻Ľޱȡ
໡
ǿ޲ҽҲŶԷشʱһᴩ壬䵽УбѿԷࡣ
ԭҽвѵǿ˲ֹͣĵ˵ϡ
͹עߵսһ׾Ľ£̲סһԭΪԼĹˡǺȣȫС׼ס
һַʲôȻɳ˿ֲĲΡǿǰ찡жס
ǣɫûһ˿仯ʵʿҪͬȼǶҪ˷ֽŵĻûˡʱ㣬ٴⲣҲġ
ǿޣֻԭֻʱҲҹһֵĿ㡣
ûǣĿתգʱղ֪˶ٵͫ׸䣬㶢ͫĿһĻ
㾪ͫĿʱоȻŵᡣھ׵㣬Ȼ֪ʲôоȾȻҪͻ֮ˡһ֮󣬶û˭Ҫͻ֮
ЩƵᣬȴյͷϡһ㶺󾪾
ͣ̽һգûĲüĿ⼯ͫĿϣͫĿȻס
һоͷ۲ѣϱչأ֪ոôֵס
㵣Ĳѵʱ֮һһĻҲ˲ٵĿ⣬ֱֱעգɫͬɻ
䡭䡭
֮ϣ׹ϣ£һ׵м۶յӺ˹ȥ
󺧣ձǰΪյֵһ׵ʱȴյһһյֱֱĺ׶һ
䡭Ķһ𣬱׾Ȼͬʱ
˿һĻͣа㡣𾪲ѣյ۾ȻֱӲסһҲֻܽӲǣȴ嶼ӴǺεͫĿͫ죿
ϵĸӿֲסǵۣƱĿֲ̫ˡ



200 Ĺͫ
֮Уܲ׹⴩Уɢһ֮׹ѻƻյѩһ׵ۣ۳ףڶ׺յͫ׵ƿռ䡣
ߵһˣۿգֱֱĶףһɫ
䡭
׵Ҫͫʱͫһҫ۵ļٴα׵֮ϣ߶ŷɹâ񱩵׵һκ£׵ɢա
ֱֱĶյͫյͫ˿ϵһѤвתע⵽ͫߣһıֱܿӡյͫ˿ҪǵɽȥƵģǸעӡ
ʹ㣬Ҳת£ҲܲͫĻ
䡭䡭
֮еĺɲϣں£ٴη׵ٴۣգ

һ⣬סֲŷŰܣսֻʿԶڵϱһ졣
׵磬Ҳһ׳֤յĽѶȹˡ
ɾ˵ȴɢʱȴеĸӿֲһΪǿ׵紩Сֲ׵粻ϻۣĵ׻۶ɣǰĵҪǿĶࡣ
֮ף˾ڣż־ֿա
һ;ԭ죬ǵһγ췣ѡ֮ҪܳУǾʹ㡣ǣһЩ֮ţȴųԽ׵췣췣ֳƺ֮ס˼˵춼ʣ޲ðݻ٣ͽ֮ס
㶵ĿһĻû뵽֮ס֮һһǿҪܳʵҲҪԽƽˡȻ·ҲߵĸԶ
֮ţյͫȻ춼ʣ
һֱֱĶűĵĵ׵磬ͬʱ̲סաϾԽԽǿɲǳصģֵסվ
뵽⣬һĿƵעա
մʱеиѤޱȣõУܸоյϢȲϢҪ棬о
䡭
ĵ׺£׵ſ񱩣˺ѣֲƣҲס֪յͫܲܵס
˶סʱյйâǣһâ̺׵ȥյĹâ£ЩΪֵ֮ףȻ׵ʧ
˿һĻĵ׺Ȼѣۿգɫ塣޷⵽ǺεΪ췣֮׶ˡ
䡭䡭
֮к֮ɲϣɲϵĻۡ
֮ףһ˾û뵽Ȼ֮ٴۣ۵֮Խ֤࣬յͫԽֲ
ϣһĻİͻƵ֮ʱҲžŵ׽¡ǾˣҲӲȴû׻ɢ
ĹͫȻֲսطֱˮи̾겹ĹͫҲҪܿâ
䡭
׵£ͬһɢ
ˣ
ߵˣ
һ侪֮ÿһۣЩ˷ܲѣһĿƵעһĻȴһۡ
ڰ˵ˣ찡ڰ˵ˣ
ڵڰ˵׺£ЩѧԱ̲ס˵췣֮ף޷ĿֲҪεȵļʣܽ°˵췣֮ס
䡭
ڰ˵췣֮׺£յ֮ͷ˿ûɢ˼ѧԱ֮һڣף찡ŵסǼˡǴ˵еǿҲǾŵ׶ѡ
һɴ۾ĿգŵףεļޡμʣҲֻή¾ŵףżޡʷܽ¾ŵ׵ǿĴڡû뵽վȻþŵ׽¡
һĿƵĿգ𺳺;֮ɫ
ھŵף֮ǰÿһҪǿֲ׵Ϊ֮𶯣е׵۶ɣ۳ֱ۴ִ˸֮ռ䶼Ϊ֮𵴡
䡭
ھŵ׺£ҫ۹â˺ѿռ䣬ֱյȥ
㿴һĻҲԹŵף֪ھŵױǰ˵Ҫǿ̫ࡣ֪ܲܵһ
İɵУյͫһââյߣһټУ£֮ʿʼӿ֮УԭâǵУǹ⣬ѤޱȣɢļϢǹۣһֱ۴ִСս꣬£쫷粻ϡͬˮһȫȡУսһ̱ɨ֮һա
עУлһֱֱӭס
䡭
һը죬նҪΪ֮ݵʱյƾȻҲһɢռ䱬һҫ۵Ĺâе׵ʧһɶԭУ͵ӿյͫУʧ
нкյһϵתϢ۾Ļ󣬸û˸עӡʹ㣬ת£ŸҶյֻͫˣѾܸоܵͫĻ
յͫ룬֮ߣֱӡ
̾ʱͻȻͫתһͫбâԶȺ˹ȥ
ͫȥʱ򣬾˵һĻ֣֮ЩȺһֻֻڵϣϢǹֻ֮ӿ뵽նС
δֻ֮Ȼûһֵֻܵסġֻһ̶̱ڵϡ
ꣿ㵹һû뵽յĹͫȻ׾ɱֻδֶֻ֮ΣȻȲϡ
˸ǾֲѵĿգֱ˿ֲ
תͷ㣬ĵ״ż־֡ˣ΢΢ЦЦ˵㵽֮ʲôȡ꣬ҲҪѲֶΡ
ȻóյȻֲǶ֮ȴЧޡҪԸ֮ҪͫпܡʹѾֲˡ
ʱףĹͫȻ졣㲻룬ֻ֮ͫǺεȿֲ
һа⣬ԺͫˣҪʮ־츳̫ˡ


201 ׳Ǿ
ĹͫŹ֮Ļ꣬˾ǡղ֪ǸոӦž޴йʲôԸ⣬ͫʩչÿһʩչâ֮Ⱥһιǧֻֻڷʩչιֲ֧סбĹâɢż㡣
ͣĵ̲סһͫҲһֱȥҪȻֲ̫ˡҪûƣ޵У
㿴ԵָͫգְסԼϡǸԳӣоĻöеˮǣ㲻Ρ
һĵ׸̾һԼӵеֵܵĻǱ˻ҿ
ǧʿǽ֮ŮʿҲܹ衣ĹȺɱһֻֻǡ
һĻҲû顣бʩչĽм۶ȥǧֻڽ֮±̴ѪҺȾ档
պ˿ֲɱ¾£Ⱥں֮һʿǲϽɱǡ¡ڿʼڽںˣܳˣʬս
һʤս֮쳹գڴɨս󣬴ںƺƵĻӪ
شӪأͰս˹ȥտǰŮսһĻ֮̾һû뵽㻹Ĺ֪ͫ˵ǸǻͫѾ㼤Ҳ˵ʲôˣΪҧ㡣˺͵ͫõĺá
ղ֪뵽ʲôɫЩ漴˵ͷף֪ˡ
ţ𹼸ĸ׵һжСȻĹͫǲ̫ˡ΢΢ЦЦĵֵֿġ˵Ĺͫȷʵ֮ĵǣĹͫĳ֣»õĸΪİˡ
׷İɣĸ׵ԸŮ浽һ졣ҡҡ˵⣬һҧдżּᶨ˵ŮԵԲá
һ仰һԵһĵײɾ岻ѣΪʲôȻ뵽ɱ
һ׼ȴ˵㲻ҪʣҲ˵֪Щûôڼڣõաúչվǡ
Ļһû¾ͺãڼ飬ʱȻбİ취
үģһúտС㣡˵
˵ͷʹջغ׳ǰɡҪϢʵĻǺ׳ǻӿϢ׼Ҳá
˵ͷף
գȥɣǵãԺ˫ͫѵ
ףչһ񣬾ͺһȥ

֮ǰûǽＸˣҪغ׳ǣȻϡЩսǵõٺô·ˣҲҪͻƵ֮ơ
Ҳȥչأ׭ﵽ֮
˴ﵽһ£˾ͺѧԺʦ˵һѧԺʦҪȥչͻƵ飬ȻϽС֮ǰѧԺһʦҲίʹ㣬ڽѧԺѧϰûȤ
֪ԷΪԼʵ׳֦㵹ûоֻܾ˵佱˼ѧԺ󣬾ͺһ뿪

˺ƺƵĸ׳ǣǸյؾǵʱ԰ؾɫŹ֣ȵĴߵһǰ˵ūô
үڵȵˡūһϽ԰صһÿ˵ĵطرԼӵ漴˵СүүԸңҪǼĻȰԸǧܻغ׳ǡ
ͷһū˵ʲô𣿡
ūЦһ׳Ҫˡȱ˵ЩȺһлȥԼҰɣǸңǧ㿴
ūĻз˾κȻʲôˣں׳Ҫ𣿿ǣūȴѾ԰ؼĵ̶Ҫǿ֪Ǻεȴˣ
ҲҶūСǰԸūߵʮСģ˿
ūɢϢūʵʮǿԲھ֮һǿﶼС鲻һСˡ
ԼҺŽȥԻܿǰˡԻϽǰ壬ʲôˣ
Ի̾һ㸸ױˣ
ʲô
ǲţۿԻ𾪡
ú׳ǵү׳ǳ׳ǵĵһҼȻˣôܣ˭ô۹֮Уȥļˣ˭˶ܼң
Ի˵ʥʦµ
£¶֮ɫǲţĵ𺳲ѡ
ʥʦǺελʵ۱µʦ۹Ȼǻʵ۱µģǻʵ۱ٹܳûо޴ˣʵ۱¸Ͳ֡ʥʦѳ֡ǻʵ֮µĵһˣڵ۹ĪʥʦȻȴļԶҪʥʦµҲΥΪΥʥʦ֮󣬾㳳Ҳٻ¡
ܼȻǿǱ۹ӴĻȴһ㡣
ʵ۱Ȼƿصȴֲ
ô̱ڵϣ¶֮ɫ
㸸ױı˽ͨŵʥʦ㸸סԻ̾һ
ܣＱҸ׾Բ顣
Ի˵Ҳүƫƫѧץү˽ͨе֤ݡѳ˲ٴ治Ʒ֤ɽ£ʥʦ㸸ס
ѧ϶ѧＱһݡ
ԻЦһȻ֪èܶࡣѧ׳Ѿһˣ˵ѧҲ֡ǣѳ֤ʵʵڵġʥʦ˽
һԵԻĻѾ۾Ѫ̾һԻ˵壬һ˵
ţԻȻɻ󣬵Ƕǰϳ껹ǲСģ˵ͷվһ
ѵڲԭͬ˵һ飬漴Ի˵Թݺ
Իüͷ漴˵Ͳ²⵽ˣֻڸȷ϶ѡǣô˵˭ֻţ鲻ô򵥡ģҲֻȱܱܷͷ׳ѧİѳ£ǳƵ£ҪΪĳǳûȨ⣬ժˡǾˣҲڲϵİθ߰ǰԸҡ


202 Ƕ
ﲻܼˣҲͷۣȻ֪Ի˵ʵԻһֻܼϵģѧңѹԻŹ֡
ǲ룡Ǹҵһһѧӣһ㶯ͲܰԻЦһһԱȴ֪Ҫ£ֻᱻѧ
ѧĻͬƵġʱѧòݺȻ﷭϶ĶԻѧĶ£ԻԲбĶ
ûһ֤֤𣿡ʵ
Իҡҡͷѧ˴֤֮ݡУпС
ԻĻ˸ѪɫҪֱΣҲ˵֤Ҳ޼¡ѧóңʱԽãѧͻµĺۼ
ﲻ뵽Щɫǲ԰˼֡Ͼһ꣬γܵ˴
㿴һۣ漴Ի˵ʲôð취ûУ
Ի˵׳УκκнʵˣͬĶţͲлΪԣҪ֤ݣҪ۵ǱŲ鷳
Իô˵̾һɣ
㣿Ի͵Ŀ㡣
˵ΪҶѧע⡣Ҳں׳ǹϽΧڡүֻǳ͢ĽԣҲѧע⡣ʺϴ̽һ
ǣ𣿡Իɣ̫СȻгأľ¼ǰܷʲôã
ʼ磬Ի˵㻹бѡҪǿԣҲԸȥ
ԼֻһСҶȴҪ뵽ľУһСľ³ľɲ׽ġ
ô㾡ɣԻֻܱһϣܣһϣã
㣡㡭տ㣬׼˵ʲôȴϵС㡣ʹڼҰɡݱϾҵһЩЩ黹ĺá
ô˵ֻܵ˵ͷ
Իǰ꣬벻̾㾡ΪǣǧҪðաʵ룬Ѿʥʦ߰˷֡ҪȻġԣŤתǬȡ
仰ɫٴβ԰˼֣ϺѪɫ
壡һܸɡͻȻ˵
ʲôԻü˵㲻֪صܼҵĻͳױ룬ɶûС
˵ֻҲ룬ѧŻġŸлᡣ
ĻԻ˵ҪŤתǬ͵øĴۡҪǵǸʱ㻹һ;ߡܼҲѪ
ҡҡͷҪһ죬Ըܼͬһ硣
ĻԻҡҡͷҲ˵ʲôū˵ȵȥ
Իһлߵǰ㹪˵ˣ
˵ֻܾ
㣡Ϊʶ֮ʹûʧﵭ˵һ漣
ĻЦһ໹濴ѹ
һļ򣬲û˵ʲôһôãͰѣֵˡԾܴ˴ΣգǲɵҲԸⳢһ
ԻȻеϣϣ̾һһ꣬һҶʲôǶ£ĹǸϺ겻ɣ
Ŀ뿪漴Ի˵壬ϸں˵һ°ɡΪʲôʵģǵ֤ʲô
ŹâΪˣû¹˭Ƕ£㵹ҪǲǶĹǸϼһ
Ի˵ͷһߣʼеϸڡЩϸڶһһļ콥İһ͵͵ĳԸվͷԼҡ
һ·ûͣص׳ǣﵽ׳ǵ㣬ֱǰмҶ˼
Ҷ˼Ŷ׵ⱦж㣬ųȹʩۣ֬Ȼ㣬ϲ޷һС˫ƵӼһ̾;㱣Ҷ˼͹µ壬ܸоľ굴С㱣
ôˣҶ˼ϲ֮ɫ첽ߵǰЦȻתˮԡ
Ҷ忴Ҷ˼ģɿЦҡҡͷеĵĲɶ˼֡꣬оΣաС̬ȣڹ㡣
Ҷ˼ˣ͹ˣЦҶ˼
Ҷ˼Ļɫɺ˺죬漴͵͵ĿҶһۣҶΪƵġҶ˼һۺһ̲סҶ˵Ҷ壡㲻뿪ɡùң
˵仰Ҷ˼ɫ̵
Ҷ忴һҶ˼ĵ׸ǿЦȴò˵ǣ
Ҷ뿪Ҷ˼һ㣬ŷֵԺ˵˵
ʱίҶ˼ˡ
Ҷ˼仰ƺҪϵĺĵҿɲһסССͣѧŮˡ˵ɣ˭ǰģ
Ҷ˼㲻֪𣿡㾪ȵĿҶ˼ǰŮ˼ϸͬ鲻ԽҪһѡ
֪ʲôҶ˼ɻ
Ҷ˼ѵ֪һ㣬̲ס˵Ͳѧñ˽̣鲻ԽѿڶҶ˼㣬㿴ôΣաǰҲһС꣬Ů˿һ۶ࡣǼҶ˼̲סڻˡҶ˼ˣҶˡ̾һ
⻹ҵĴҶ˼ɴ۾оҪˡ
ҪΪأʼʵҶ˼ҪҲٶԱ˿ڻҲܼ򵥡Ҷ˼ңҶ˼㣬֬ˮȻˡﻹ˼ǿڻ
Ҷ˼ûЦһ˵СƨǴ̡Ҳ㵱
ʼʾνֻܿŴҶȥˡȣһ˵Ļᡣ
Ҷ˼ûǳЦȻ˦˦ͷ˼ųȥһ˵ˣҪⶼҵĴԺͲҪˡ
ãҽݲؽҶ˼šȻһЦ
Ҷ˼ЦĽأ
ʼҴҶ˼ĿġҪһӡҶ˼档
ţҪӸʲôҶ˼ɻʵ
ȻʵĿ˵Ҷ˼ЦȻǽݲؽˡ
Ҷ˼ɫһڣҲӺʲôϵ
ʼҶ˼Ҳ֪һҶҶǲģֻҶ˼ˡ
Ҷ˼ô˵Ҳû룬˵ͷӦ


203 ļ
㵽լӣҶ˼üͷ㣬İϾʱǣҪլӵĻﲢʺϣΪ඼ǰĹ塣լӣӦٵĵطʺϡ
ðһССļҶЩүסĵطҲʺȥסο˵˽ݲؽˣǾӦѡ΢ƫƧĵطʺϡ㿴Ҷ˼Ц
Ҷ˼Ȼ仰űɡ
ˣ֪ʲôáϲҵǿԽ׸㡣Ҷ˼չһЦҶﻹǺϤġ
Ϥ㾪ȵĿҶ˼Ҷ˼ΪҶҵĴС㣬Ϥ
Ҷ˼һ۵Ǻ׳ǰϳĸڵʱʱҹߣ
ȻҶ˼ĸΪʲôҶ˼Ҷ˼ô˵΢΢ЦҶ˼㣡ͰѡװɣԽϵլԽãլӾͷ¡
ţҶ˼˵£
ͷȻǽݲؽȻҪˡ
Ҷ˼һۣһ۷֣ĿֱֱĶ˵㵽ʲôģ
Ҷ˼ˣͷһҶ˼˵Цˣôܻб;
Ȼ˵ΪģȻɵĴԸǰȥ֤ݡǼȻֻ߾ȹˡߣֻܴѧµ˿ʼ
ѧȲʶ㣬ѧĶͬȴϤĹϵҲֱѧȻǾֻѰԼԼж
ЩϺ꣬һߴ̽䡣ڽҶ˼ҲΪԼ롣ݣͻȻլӻ𲻱Ҫķ粨Ҷ˼ݣȴò˻ɡϾҶ˼ȻҶҴС㣬ȴλʮ֮͡
κһ㶼ҪСߣԼ߽ѧСҪȻѧҪɱͬһֻһɡ
С˼ôˣż־ϲ㶨ۿȥһżַϵŮ˿첽Ů˲İǺйһ֮ԵĻ٣ѵĸס
̣Ҷ˼Ҳ¶ϲɫĸʱ򣬾ʱҡ
ٿߵ꣬ĵһ㶣û뵽ȹһε꣺ϴûüллСֵܡһСֵܿɱƴǡ
Ҷ˼һ㶣ɻʵʶ̣
ϴϳ̡ЦЦ˵û뵽Ҷ˼Ҳʶ
ʱԱ߲⻹öλСֵܣҪҶ޴ˡ
ţҶ˼תͷѯʡ
û£֮ͶѣҶ˼㻹ȰѡլӰɡ˵
Ҷ˼ҲûЦŶ˵̿ġǰҾͲˡл̰ѡ׾ǡ
ҪլӣٹŹֵĿ㣬ѵ֪ΪӾҪǿǿ
Ҷ˼Ҫ򡣡˵
ٿҶ˼ü˵С˼ɱϾڶĲðˡӾˣҪǿƬ鷳ء
Ҷ˼ٵĻһ㶣תͷ㣬ȴһЦ⣺ûϵǡ
Ҷ˼ͷһץһʲô׳Ƿӿܸˡϳһֱѧƿ£˵ϳӾһֹϵ
뵽㣬Ҷ˼ĵ͵Ŀ⿴ǰݵ㡣оз˾ξˣѵ㻹ƾһ֮ͺ׳ǵľ治ɣ
㣡
Ҷ˼ͻȻһ
ţתͷҶ˼
ҪʱЩεĶֵܲģҶ˼˵
һ㶣Ͼ֪Ҷ˼Ѿ֪һЩʲôˣЦЦЩ飬ҲûˡôҪһΪѺΣնˡǰҵĸĸͽ̵ң˲̫հǰ˺Щֵȥػ飬ˣˡ
Ҷ˼ĻҡҡͷҲȰ㡣Ҷ˼ףǰֶôִȻҪû˭
̣˵˵լɣҶ˼һ
ٿҶ˼һۣҡҡͷ˵ҵլԱУұƵû·ˣһֱҪǳļǮĻǲ
Ǯ⡣㵭˵˾鷳ˡҶ˼
ٵ˵ͷҶ˼˵Ҿȥ˵˵

еĺ˳ﱻӾƵĺܲңͲϽͬ۸Ҳ˲١Ȼ㲻Ǯǣʲôʱס
ִҪ£ҰһЩҪĶߺĶȻ˸ٵ
̶һ磬լӾͽϡҶ˼һ̤߽ȥ
ǰҲǺ׳ǵĴ壬լҲȻЩ䡣ɫ㣬źŨҵϢ룬Ҫǰһ׹ɫլӣ۲Ź֡
һլӿռܲСеİ֮ڵĶܺθڣ룺סݲؽһֲѡ
뵽㣬һԵҶ˼˵Ҷ˼ٰװһ£ԺҲŵĵطˡ
Ҷ˼һ˵ѵ㻹סﲻɣ
ЦЦ˵Ȼ
仰ȴûٿЦһ£֪ʲôò˶ãҪǿˡӾҪｨһ׳ǵľ޴ۡǡ
ŻҡҡͷģԸġ
ٲûΪһ仰ϣϾһĻжٿŶȡҪٻмڴϾֻҪǴӵܣһӾҶү
ǣں׳Ǵˣȫѧƿ֮¡ӾΪѧұۣ죬ں׳ȥѧĻ˭
Ҳû˵̫࣬Ҷ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬ȻǽݣҲ
Ҷ˼㻹ŽݲؽɵһۣĵֻܶŻ˵̡þûԹյĲˡҵҳ÷԰ɡ
ããЦ鲼ȻҶ˼ͻٺϤͲҪˡ
仰΢΢һ㶣漴Ż˵ѲڼҰɣ
ڣЦ㣬ΪŮ⡣ǲУȲʵҲǿŮǹˡ
ڣЦǸŮ˺ǣҪȥҳԷܸɫ
Ҷ˼㡣ҿɡ˵
ٻΪ㺦ߣŭôҲɣС˼ǽﶼȥҼҳԣ
Ҷ˼߶ѣҲΪ˼Ůһۣߵ֪㲻֣ѵǲ㻹۹⡣
Ҷ˼ĶϣͷһȻһЦСƨ￴ϣҪҶ˼ҲȤ
Ҷ˼ɫ糺죬һ۵˵


204 𣡻˰ɣ
Ҷ˼㣡Ҷ˼ţžϲ֮ɫ첽ߵҶ˼ǰһѰҶ˼첲סʮǡ
Ҷ˼㣬ǰѣʱѱޣ˼ֽģɢͬķ飬һ绨գüʶҶ˼ǵߵ֮Ҷ˼ҲĻ΢ɰ׵ףͬ峺ȪƵģѾżַһɾ֮
Ҷ˼žѣָһѵ㷢˵ôãɴˡ
УҶ˼ԶˡѴżֽߣǰ㿴ġͬŮˣ㿴Ŀ
һԵĻȻһĻֱֱĶѣûжУǶѺѣͬѧҲкһ
ſ֮㣬ɫѿͬʱ̲סżֱԹ裡ôˣ
仰ٶʱһ˵ô˵ţѾͷдҶ˼ͬѧ
Ȼĵ׺ܲԸĸ׵£ֻܴҶ˼
ļѾһĹ壬ҲûѾ֮ģֻԶΪҶ˼ӡҶ˼˵ĿͿġֻΪӵʱż͵һӿ輸ϣײһ죬Ҷ˼һ
Ѿͷôµġëë꣡ٺǳ䣬ֻ԰ӷԡ
Ҷ˼ŴżŤͷѣĿת㣬ܿҶ˼˼ôˣ
Ҷ˼ʼ磬Ͷȥһ޹˼˵ԼҲ֪
Ҷ˼εҡҡͷ㻹湻ǻġ
Ҷ˼ٻںǳѣ̶㵹άҲֺ֪û̵ġҶ˼ίѣվ̣ǰסѣŻЦ̱˵ˡǲСĶѡûµģҺûô԰ɣ㣿
ԣԣϽͷǲѣҪȻ֪Լʲôɫ
˵ɫɣ˵㿴ãѾͷڳһɫ
һ仰ίĲУҪ缸䣬ǿĸ׵ɫվŤͷ˵ʲôֻĿ⿴㣬̲ס㼸ۡ
ְŭתƵϣоԩŮ˶ԱûƢôһԼƢô
Ҷ˼ŴһʵôôԹ
ѿһۣ漴תͷҶ˼ҡҡ촽żֲ԰˵Ҷ˼㣬ɲԺ˵£ԺԶ㣬Ҫҡ
ôˣҶ˼ɻѵѲɣ
ߣ˻ĺܡһӵƵģһ쵽ŵϷŮˡѴŭ⡣
ѵĻҶ˼̲סһѣ㷢ֱֳƮݶˣ쵰Ǳ׼ӣĶͷƤѩֱĳü峺ִż񣬱ֱͦεĻ쳣۵ȥҧһڡŲԼֵŮҶ˼ѹҪˡ
Ҷ˼ѺһǺܿõģҶ˼һ꣬ҪѺһҲһּõѡ
˻ͦģôôˬҶ˼ЦΪ˵źû
ѵ۾żֲ˼ĿҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬㲻Ҫƭˡ
˴ķӦҶ˼ҲоЩɫ̡ȻǺ͵ȴߡ
Կ£˻Ǻ˵ġҶ˼Ц
˵ߣǺˣҶ˼ԺǲҪнĺã
Ҷ˼Щɻˣ֪ѵΪʲô˵ز
Ҷ˼㲻֪ĵĺܣɫӵܵĶϰСΪҶһ㶼֣͵ʱϳ֡ڸǲԼ
Ҷ˼ʧЦЦ㲻ڱ˵ôɡǲģ
ѹŹֵĿҶ˼Ҷ˼ΪʲôΪ˵ûüͷҶ˼Ҷ˼㣡㳤ôƯûж㡭㡭
ʲôҶ˼ɻ
ɫ԰վǺ˵
Ҷ˼һ㶣ƽĻɫ΢΢˺죬һ˵˵ʲô㲻ˡ
Ҷ˼СһЩһ䣬漴żֵ˵Ҷ˼˵һ䣬ԺҺòã
㡭Ҷ˼Ϊٱ⼸䣬ϴŵļ־Ҳ԰ףҾҲԸġ
Ҷ˼״ͷһϽ˵롣㻹ǻҵĻģҴ˾ǡ
ŵ˵ͷվҶ˼󣬴żһۡ
ȻѵӲԳЦЦԼûʲô񼫵飬ŮôôǺԼأ
㲢֪ѺҶ˼˵ĻҪȻһᡣ
Ҷ˼ȥ׼ʳȥˣ̲סһ˵һ㶼ʵѧԺҲϷŮˣ
ʼʱȥϷŮˣΪҶÿ鶼æʱЩСƺ档
Ҷ˼ûЦͲѴ󡣴˵Сƺ̲סЦ
㰡ҪϲѣǾͺúõĵǸԭ㣬֪ôˡҶ˼һ۵
𣡡ϽֵҾҲͦˬģһǰֻĺá
Ҷ˼ĻһۣĶȤζΣ˵ʲôȴٶһЩģֹס˻
ĿԲͬǣԵüΪ飬Ҷ˼㵱д
Ҷ˼ļһ䣬Ż˵ôˣ
Ҷ˼ѯʣɫ¶˼ֿɬӣⱲӾˡȣҶֶ֪ܼá
̣Ҳģܻõġ˵⣬Ҷ˼¶˼ΣϧҲܽҶҪȻ
Ҷ˼仰Ͻֵ⺢˵ʲôЩѾӼǼҲˡô㣡
Ա˵ĻȻ֪˵ʲôҲûйʡϾŮ˶ԼģɲԸܰۡ
ˣ˵ЩˣȣҲǵġûܵһլӣ֪ס졣Ȼ鹢ڻ̲ס˵
լȻһЩȴŵ̡˶᲻ãİɣλӾҲĵġſں˵
仰ûҡҡͷҲȰʲô
˼󣬾ȥ׼׼ʳˡȻԸ⿴㡣Ҳĸһȥˡ
Ҷ˼ͶĿ⣬ʼʾΣ治ԼĴ
ԺҪļҶԼٷźáЦ
Ҷ˼һۣ㻹˵һˡ


205 й
ٵջǺܲģ̵̻ϯһպ󣬺ͻгһźҶ˼׼뿪ļҡ
뿪ٶ˵ȥǣ
ȻǲԸĸ׵£վǺһ˳˷š
Ҷ˼֪Ѷ㲻ðѳļҴź󣬾Ͷ˵ѣȥ㸸װɡǡ
ѲԸһҶ˼仰ظ뷴뿪Ա߲һԣû㲻ˣԺҾԱ߲Զû¾ͿԹȥ١
һ仰ԭ׼뿪ͣסŲһЦݵ㣬ҲһźݺݵĲĽŰ塣õѻһͱݺݵĲһšѿûпһȥʵʵģ̲סҽһ
ѺһŤͷͻļңûпһۡ
һĻҶ˼Ŀɿڴû뵽Ѷֻո˵ĻֲסЦҲãû¶Ѹʲô
ܽļҵѣŮ˲ѾˡԽԽˣǲҪһ£Ϊгͱĵ꣬Ӧð·ƨˡ
ǿʹصլӣլļҲԶڴϣҶ˼ЬʵһƤѪ͸̲סһֻ湻ݵġ
Ҷ˼㴦˿ڣ̲סһ۵Ҳǵġ֪ѵƢⲻ𣿡
Цһ֪ǰôײС֪ˣովӦöϷһƨɣһҲ㻮ˡ
ô˵ʧЦѣһ۵㻹׼ײɣ
ٺЦǰҲͦˬġ
Ҷ˼㣬ʼϸĵΪ㴦˿ڡ㱻Ҷ˼ϸָʹһĿֱֱĶҶ˼
Ҷ˼ڵϣס¶Բ򢣬峺Ŀȣܸ߸ͦƨ΢΢͹£ڴҶ˼µ벻Ҫ˼ô۾ȥȻĶӿЩ˵ĸо
Ҷ˼ע⵽޼ɵɫЩ죬Ťͷע⣬Ŀãڵ˿ڡΪҪļҵ˴ණûߣ仹ǺֻҪһ£Ϳסˡ
㿴æµΪԼŮˣҶ˼ę̶ͦԲ󣬴ȱֱ˫Ƚĺ£һ𣬿һ۹ȥܸое嵯ԣС
Ҷ˼㱻Եߵвϸ̾ﰡﰡⷬ͸ɬŮܱġҶ˼Ļǧ̬ʮ壬ʮ˵ջ󣬸ֵܵסģжӿһЩ˵ĸоЩεİѽŽҶ˼֡
Ҷ˼ʰ÷䣬㻹޼ɵעҧ촽ۿ㣬ûУѹ˵ҪССɫǡڿˡ
ôɫˣ˳ǣҶ˼֣ЦСŮԺ󻹲֪Ҫ˵ҶٻҶ˼Ҷȥǡ
Ҷ˼ץţ΢΢£Ҳץţֻż糺죬Ŵ£Ҷ˼վֻһСξ롣
ƨƶҶ˼һЩӼҶ˼ܸоҶ˼ϴȺ۵
Сƨ׼ҶҶ˼ţвԼԷһ꣬ǻ̲סࡣ
ץҶ˼֣Ҷ˼Ө͸ָָôģôҲһ˿覴á
Ҷ˼㣡᲻ңͻȻʵ
ţҶ˼ɻĿ㣬ôͻȻ˵ôһ仰
СԼҺܼҵСҶ˼ӦúװɡҪ¶Ҷ˼ҲܵӰ졣㶢Ҷ˼۾۾һžϾգ̲סһϣֻŮ˽ǿ쳣
֪㲻ẦҵġҶ˼΢΢һЦûΪĻ˵̫ࡣ
ЦЦǰŶǵŮˣһܲҶ˼̫ġ˴ܲܳɹҶа취Ҷ˼ƲȥֻҼҶݣһЩ黹ýҶ˼㡭ҡ
˵ʲôͱҶ˼ָסŰɼָܰ촽ҡ
˵ʲôʲôƲȥҪȻ㹲ˡҶ˼һۣ¶֡
΢΢ЦЦֽץҶ˼˵Ҷ˼仰ҾͷˡзҲлرġ˵ҪҶ˼㣬ôһŬġ
Ҷ˼֪Ͳʲôϵô˵ЦЦҲۡ
ˣ˯ɣˣҶ˼ЩܲշɺĶ˵Ȼ
Ҷ˼ҪߣһҺºڵġ㿴Ҷ˼˵
Ҷ˼ȻĹҪ˵ºҲֲ㡣
Ҷ˼Ϊʧ˵Ҷ˼㣬Ǻ˵ˣĹլһвɾĶ˵ܶ˴ϵĿųͷ֪լû⻹С£ͷ֮ö֣ܡ
㻹δ˵꣬Ҷ˼ͺ޺޵ĵ㣺˵˵
㿴Ҷ˼Դż־壬ĵ׺ȻһЦϺ޹˵Ҳ˵ģûҾͲȷˡǱ˴ҥ԰ɡ޷粻ˣмʵ
Ҷ˼㻹û˵Щֳ⻵СӴ
Ҳ£Ҷ˼˫ۿ㣬зɢ˿ŭ⡣
ʼҲҶ˼ѡҶ˼㲻ǾòˡҪҶ˼µĻǾɣҲطŵġ
Ҷ˼㣬ộߵķ䡣
Ҷ˼뿪ĵǲӦҼߣʹһͷˣѪɫͷһĶ룬ѡҶ˼ѩûôƭ
뵽⣬ҲϴˢڴϾͱ۾ĵţβܰŤתڵľơⲻֻǰҶ˼ǣˣܲŮ˴ΣվأһҪȳ
һ˵ϣⲿһеİŶðɡЩϺ궷ѡԼ̫СǵĶ֡
ЩΣ֮С㣬뷺Ʒϵ󡣵ȴòһѾˣǾ͵Ǹ̰Ӿˡ
ϣ㲻ʧ૵˵ڱ۾ʼ˯




206 
Ȼһط˯㲢û˶вʣ˯쳣𡣵ȻҶ˼ҲûǼ仰ţһϲûķ䡣ƲѣŮôܲ¹أԼ˯ֻ˭һߣһ߾ŵҶ˼ɵġ
ڴϲԸ׼ȥ˯ʱȴ㾫һ͵ĴӴ𣿡
Ҷ˼׼Ǹս㷿䣬ͼ㴩һȫ㣬Ҷ˼ɫ糺졣
Լ¶˿⣬Ŵϼ޲ɷ͸ˮҶ˼Ļ𵴡
ʲô·Ҷ˼һۣ˵꣬ŤԲę·ݹȥϸָ˴߹Ҳֵ֪㣬ôݣ
㿴һԼӣȻ㲻ǿ׳ȴҲ̫ݡȻʮӻδɣԵ
ʼҶ˼Ҳ֪һССļҶ̫ܳõģȻ᳤ˡҶ˼ҪңǾԺסΪ׼ʳǡ
Ҷ˼ɴ۾Ц㵹Ǵĺ⡣һ仰Ҫĳ
һߵҶ˼洩һЦҵνԼݲݣҶ˼㿴ĲǡȻ飬Ȼ㸺𵽵ˡ
Ҷ˼󣬲˼Ŀ˵⵹ҵˣ
ǿɲǣ
Ҷ˼һ㣬һǿʶͬʱּܻǰ·Ķͷѹѻ˺ˡ
Ц·򵥵ϴˢһ£լӡլӵ㣬ǰֵȺһǿעһƬլӵˣǺߵ֮ڰߣҪȻֱԶ֡
ˣլӿǵլסﰡһǵĹżֻֿ̿ǰӣȻҪȡȨ
ߣЩźӾ˽ɡӾ˵ˣҪûаߣǾͱȻӾצż
ˡһڹͷɫѪɫûլﻹл·
ˣΪ׵ûЩ˵İ󣬺һʿȰլƵǿպ߾³
˵꣬Ӿһָָŵķѵļҡ
һĻѺͻٱĺѪɫ˶Ҫ̱ڵϡ
˭ҶҵլӣҺƴҧݣ˻ߵĺȵ˫֮⡣
ӿһۻ٣¶һֲмЦһʿ֣
ǸңʱҲվͻվһŭĿעһʿ
ӿѣɫһ㶣漴¶˳ȵĹâżʿ˵Ů˱ˣҰˡ
ǣˣһȺʿ񣬸׼֡һȡס֡˶תͷȥһߵŮŭĿעǣһĺ⡣
Ҷ˼һȺʿͷһû뵽ҶҴСŮں׳Ǵ似ڿŮˣ̲ס࣬Ѫڣо˶С
һ˺˼£ŤͷٿŮˣ벻Ǿɫһۣ˲
ȻҶ˼ȴ˶£Ͼ׳˭֪ҶҴСں׳ҶҲ̫λҪΪҶҼ̳˵ʸܵҶҳԺıȥŮ˾ΪˡǣҶҳԺҲǵҶ˼Ҷ˱ѣҶ˼òһ˿Ҷҵ
ȻҶ˼⣬ȴҲҶ˼
ҶСʲôҪ˵ģΪ׵˼׼ֵʿ۾Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ɨһۣǰοһѺͻ٣漴Ϊ˵ҲһլӣѵҲҪҵլӸɣ
΢΢üͷ漴Ҷ˼üҶСҪΪЩ˳ͷˣ
Ҷ˼˵ֻǲҵĶǿѡ
ǺǣǸ˵Ҷ˼СϣӾˣӾ˻ᲹҶ˼СġȻ֪Ҷ˼ҶûȨƣҲŮˡŮ˿һĻ𵴣οдŮСҶҼʹʰҶ˼ҲֻʩչƣȴԶ֡
飬вޣ
أҶ˼ָŻٵһȺˣӡ
üȻӦЩ˲ҪЩ˶ĻӾ˵ļҲա
ҶС㣡Ǹ㲹ǿҶҵϡ㲻Ҫǿѡżֲ
СʱĸʱÿһλҵĳѡӲҶ˼Ŀӡ
ĵҲӿŭ𣬺һȻˣǾͱǲˡ֣ЩլӶ
һʿɲô࣬ʼ첽Żٵլȥ
Ƕֿ׼ֵʱһ׵죬ŵЩʿ͵˺󼸲һۿ㡣
ϵʿһʿһ
ûЩˣߵҶ˼ǰżֲм˵Ҷ˼ںʲôҪǸҶֱ֡ɱ˾ǣôϻ
ð꣬ƺҶ˼Ϊ㣬ͷҶ˼߹ȻǿߣϵʿΪãҶС㾡ѾʧƣܽɲС
һſھɱ˾ǣɫۿҶ˼˵Ҷ˼СҪӾҪģǺӾԡ
Ҷ˼ĵЦҪǺӾԣôһլҹĨǣҪľ˿Ϊլ֮ѧע
Ӿ𣿡żӣԼ˭
㡭ŭԴӾ˰ѧүպ׳֮һʱھȻһӡһ֪
Ц֪Ҿ
˵꣬ӡһ׵ȥ׵ԸЩ֮ﻹֽţܿһ߱һĻӴʧɫû뵽ĸɱˡ
ĵ׾һӴܵ£Ҳٴ׼뿪ͱһ׵絲ס
㵲סһ׵ɲϴ££Щצܿ͸һǹ忴ĵ״ˬ̲ס
ӵצһźݺݵӵϣӾҲ֮ʵһ»ǱߵķɳԶ
ڵϵӣĵĿ˵ȥӾˡҶ˼լб¾ߣ
Ŀ㣬Ҫ¼ݻվңһһȳһյ뿪һߣüͷһл˵ѧǵʼˣ



207 ǰ
һǹ뿪һ泩ʱ̲סϾλӾﲻһˣⷬŭֻ֪ˣ
ȻûЩǹϵĿ⿴ѣȴһͷŤһ߲㡣㵣СŮ˻ǣոԼǰһæѵرԼ
ովӦõķٳ֡Сֹһ䡣
Ҷ˼ֹֿѵɫЦʱСӣ
λɢ˰ɣҶ˼һǹ庰
Ҷ˼˵һ̾һ󣬸תؼңֻأȻǵլӡ
Ҷ˼ͬĵĻ٣ŻЦ㲻õģûµģ
ҡҡͷڴҲãôŸɡȣ⺢Ӱ
Ҷ˼ЦЦһ۲ûн͡
·ʲôûƵģŻ˵̣ȥú˯ɡûʲô鷢ģ
˵꣬һǷһżƣ˵ҿҪȻȥһģ
ڻٵĿɿڴУȻûûؼլӣ˯˼ûٲ̾һԷվ٣ͳţ»Сǣȴ֪ʵĲпᡣ
Ҷ˼Ȼͻٵ뷨ͬǼûûεֵز̲ס̾ҡҡͷֻܺͻ˵˼䣬Ȼȥ

㵹ͷ˯ʱǸ˵ӣһ·ӾۡȥܵӾۡʱȴִѾˣиԹүһԼϵҷӶС
ѧоôһٰȴĵ¾Ȼ׵ĴЩĺȵҴҵĸʲô֪Թү𣿡
Ҳû뵽ۡôˣϽ¿ͷǸɫ̿֡
ѵļ䣬漴üʵʲôʧɫ
ӿһ۴漴˵ˣҰķԸȥЩǹ彻լӡһ񣬰Ҵȥ˶ɱˡ
仰ôľͬʱ̲סŭգ벻ʱ˸Ҷˡ
ѧһĹŹ֣üʵʲô飿ڹϣɲҪ
Ͻүİɣзִģ뽨һլӣÿϳǹ򡣲ѣһ򷢵ġ
ѧڴҪլҲ˵˵ͷ漴ʵʲô˻ҶԴ֣
Ȼѧ̫СĽˣȴǺȳ˵ү㻰أ㻹ش𣿡
Ҷ˼ϳľн飬θΪǳͷӸϽ˵
Ҷ˼ѧ΢΢üͷĻǧ̬ߵŮ˵ǲİԭһֵĵҲɳֻҪϵˣͲϡ
Ҷ˼ϳľн֪ģϾĸ׾ϳֻǣ֪ΪʲôĸƾʧҶҴС㴦ڵελ
ҪҶСͷĻ㾡һ㣬Ů˲򵥣ǴҴԵܾҶҼ۸ѧѵ
˵ͷүİɣСҲǣúõʲôͷߣ󵽴ȥ
ѧЦ뷨ǣ׳ǻû˸ҶҳԺʵɲǳصģҶҴСϾҶҼ̳֮һʸǱʹңҲҶοϢŮֻǲľͲö֪ˡԣͷǷǡ
˵ͷҲգҾԳСǣӡߣҪٲʶ࣬ҾͽҶҼʩѹ
ô˵ѧҲ˵ʲôǿȡѾϰˣʹȰҲûʲôá
ԼзִͺãھͲһˣֻҪʵ׳Ǿǵˡѧһ⣬ˣϵ˶˰ɣ
үģϵˣһܲĶţʲôֽšֻҪʥּնɱˡѾˣǵڳ͢ѾΪŲ֮ˡٺЦ
ţСʻ괬С¾ǣһһҪѧٴѡ
ںѧԼһЩ˼̸һЩѧ뿪˼ѧ뿪Ҳ뿪ӾۡһЩ˸ǺЦĶŴ˵Ӿˣ¸֮գһҪǺһˡ
һһЦ⣬漴Щ뿪
Щ뿪֮󣬴żĿתϣϵĻҳ˵ˣȥСǵʲô˼⸮ۡǽˡ
ȻҪԳ֣ϽͷԵ˼ߣߴǰϳ
룬óһЩǮЩǹǣҪʵڲţǾͱˡȻ˼Ҷ˼ҶҼźԹүõ˼ʱҶҼҶ˼ѹǡ
Ҷ˼ŮȻȾָҶҼĻȴҲòͷ
ڴԱ߲ϵ˵Ÿոշ飬ź֮ǵһ顣ȻɻҶ˼ôͻȻ߶һ꣬Ҳǲ뵽йء
ҾһϵʿѣȻȶԷ츳ҲûзϣϾԼҲߣԸһ껹ֵҪҪϼǿ߶ܾˡڵĺ׳ǣȥԹү˭Ҷοʵõ˱˱
ϳȥЩĵҲǸóһˡ

㵹ȥ˯ʱҶ˼ͻȻ䣬ƻ˯㣬к㣡ˣ
Ҷ˼ϴܰ㣬ЩԳʵ۾ŹǷԺ˳ʵ˭ˣ
Ҷ˼ץ֣Ȼ˼֣ȴ˭˵ĻһСӣǵϷ˵Ϸϰˡ
˵˭㵽׻ҪҪˣҶ˼ۿ㣬Ҫִгȴţͳ鲻ץţ̲ס˫շɺ졣
㱻Ҷ˼Ե߻ΣոûзӦҶ˼ٴһѣϾʹѹˣô죿һΪҪȺܾء
Ҷ˼վʵôȷ
ЦſҶ˼Цⲻһˡ˵һСҪһۡſϴǷС檳˵ޱȡ˵һǾ̫ɫΪС檵Ĵ֪˼ԣۡġȻҶ˼һģֻԳӦҶ˼㡣
Ҷ˼û뵽ôո˵Ĵף̲סһ۵о˼С檣
ȻһЦش𣬴Ь˳ǣҶ˼ȥ


208 
һ˸ϵլǰҶ˼Ҳӷ
ҶС㣡ǰߵŮˣ̲סЩ١
Ӿˣ֪㼱Ҵҵĸʲô飿Ҷ˼ʲô֪ŴչһЦһЦǣĴɫԣһʱ
Ƭ֮󣬴ŻָҶ˼˵˲˵ҶСլˡҶСһ۸ɣ
Ҷ˼ЦЦŴ˵լһûסãӾ˾Ҫˣ⡭
Ҷ˼Ļ˵ҳ˫ļǮΣ
Ҷ˼׼˵ʲôȴ˵ҶС㣬ʵ㡣ҶƬڱصáҶҪˣʱǿҶ˵ķϡҪҶС㻹ʶĻҾֻˡһмֽ飬زܾҵġ
㡭Ҷ˼ŭ׼˵ʲôȴЦӾֶεǲ٣ǿȡˡ
һָֻţһɱҵЩ£
ʼŴ˵Σ
ҶСķϣ¸ҿļͷҾͷŹ㡣Ŀ㡣
ʼǸûи˿ͷİáҪӾ˶ԿͷȤĻҵǲļͷ
㡭֪̲סץ˹ȥһҪݺݵĳСƣ֪׳˭¡
㿴ŶԷ֣Цڵӿ׾ٵĵ˴ͬʱ⺮˳ȥ뵽ʵǿ㲻ͱ⺮ϡֲĳһѪҺ³δӦͼһźݺݵؿڣһӿʵ̱ڵϡ
һзڵʯ֮䣬ļҲûзӦǷӦʱһ׵£ֵܵסһ˵ϡ
룬Ҫլ治ԸˣЩһǣˣ㻹һǵʵѹסʩչѣƵŷġûһʱ䣬ЩǱԼ飬һֶˡ
㣡㶯֣ѧʮ־裬ҪǴ̫ò֣ɡҶ˼ѵ
˵ͷĿ⿴ʱԼȫãҶ˼仰β֪Ҷ˼ʲôۿҶ˼˵Ҷ˼ݡҶѵҲҪвɣ
û뵽Ҷ˼ȻԵ֮С
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷŴָ˵ң
һ㶣Ŀ͵ɨ㡣ãҲû˭벻ǣԷƵôȻɳҶ˼ǰڻƫƫҶ˼ôˡ
ſңѵΪץҾΪɣߣΡŭ
һƳڴϣһô۵İһû⡣ʼڴ
ܿ죬ϵĶͱһ״ǲŭ㣬һһƺݺݵ˦˹ȥһ˦ĴѪˮ³Ҳ˹ȥ
ԣҲûзϣǰѴϵĶһӳΪ˴ʵмƻ֮һͲûһ֤ݡ
Ҷ˼㣡һ£Щû쳣ġҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼ͷʼĲҡѴ͸ɾ֮ĿĽָϣѽָֹȻǿռָѽָеĶһءн鱦٣ҲһЩм󸾴֮飬Ҷ˼ӹʱɫ̲סϼɡ
ȻٲһЩż˱
Ҷ˼Ĳ̽Ŵÿһ˱żûʲô쳣Ҷ˼̲סüͷҪǵһ֤ݣǾ͵ڴݾˣԺ͸鷳ˡ
ҵ𣿡Ҷ˼ɫÿĵҲһ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷһ˿ûС
ܣᶨҡͷҲܲһۼԻ˵ǲݺֱӵˣϲûһ˿˿
Ҷ˼ȻҲΪȴҲһ˿Ҷ˼ƹҶ˼ףɱ˴Ҳô˵ʲôϾݺҲ֮û˻ϣ
㿴һصĶȻûҳһõģ΢΢üҲܴʼŴĶЩ鱦֮ڵĶֱӣе鼮ȴûжһ㶫
ҪݺӦ˱СҸոտˣ޷ʲô״Ҷ˼оͷ֡
Ҷ˼ļ򣬽ӹҶ˼еţĿЩŴ඼Ǻһǳؽ˾˾㿴һһݣ඼̸۸ۡӦν죬ķҪٵ顣
ôˣҶ˼㶢Щŷɻʵ
ûойŹ֣Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷûʲôŹְ㲻˵һæŽ츮ֺۡСҲ飡
ֱ˵׳Ϊ۹֮һ˾ˮƽҪȱĳǳǿĶ࣬ΪʲôҪԶοͶԷн飬ԸöԷĸۡһõӾƫƫľĵⶼҪʣ̫ˡ
Ҷ˼ô˵һ뵹кܶŹ֡Ҷ˼ü˵е˼Ļ
Ҳͷ۵ĵط֪żƫƫҲ
żһһ飬ҲеʲôܡЩżʧôãǺܿͻѧĻɣʱ鷳ˡ
˼ЩʱͻȻҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬ȥһյ
Ҷ˼Ȼ״ҪƸʲôȥ˹ǹҵƣֻòѡ˵ʲôһȥƾ
֮Щżһ֮£۾͵һȻ
ʲôҶ˼ɻ㣬תͷеżżǳǳӡǡҶ˼ϲĿƵĿ㡣
Ҷ˼ЦЦôͻƵˡոżʱ򣬾͸о΢İ͹оҪĸ֪ǿһЩҲܷ֡
㣡дʲôˣҶ˼˵̽ͷȥһ𿴡
ƿһЩϣһӡǣ㿴ЩӡǣĿӡǵѹ۲ѵƹżϣЩֶ
һԵҶ˼ҲűʼǼ¼ÿ¼һ֣Ҷ˼ĵ׵ĸ˾Ͷ˼֣ʱŰյĸо


209 һ
ʯɰѤۻʻʹڣ
Ϲ˹˿Ѥۻۡ
ۻ

һż򿪣浭ӡӡۣЩֱҶ˼¡Ҷ˼ĵ׾ͬʱϲѡ
ȻۡѲΥƷǾŪܸġ
Ҷ˼ӡǶǼ漴Ŀת˱ϣȻ˱ҲֶͬΣЩӡΥƷѵʡ
Щ֤ݣҶ˼ϲѡ濴һȷû©֮Щ߽УҶ˼ߣ
Ҷ˼ͷҲڵϵĴ־ȥ
Ҷ˼֪ǿѺôãѧǱġڲߣµʱ߲ˡ
Ҷ˼һլӣľ͵һǰһҶ˼ЩĿ㣬û뵽Էô졣
Щ˵Ŀע⵽ԼϣҶ˼ǴżֻңòҵһЩ֤ݡЩһǵסĻһжǰҪǣѧں׳ǵƣǱɡ
뵽⣬Ҷ˼̲סĵ׵ľ壬Ϊ׵Ҷ˼ȻʶʵǾߣ׳һŵؽѧĵ֮һ
ˣҪɵܡ
Ҷ˼֣оҶ˼͸ıҶ˼֣Ҷ˼ֱӭؽͬʱǺߵǴǹƣźԹĹϵӲҪǵլӡҪǡˣ˳ҪġլӾȸɡ
ŭĻ˵˵ţҲûӭһȺˣŭ˵ڶլӲ֪ʲôŰѻ
˵仰ʱͷؽǰü˵ÿ
ؽĻ׼֣ȴؽһۣЩ²ֹסֽţ漴Ҷ˼Цû뵽Ҷ˼С㣡ˣ֪Ҷ˼СɷӾ
Ҷ˼δڣŭǸ쵰ʲôǿҶ˼ĶȻҶ˼ĴϺ˯Ҷ˼㣬ߣô˵ҲҶҴС㣬ᣬǻȥҶҳԺ
˵꣬Ҷ˼ߡ
ؽĻҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽쵰Ȼô̬òҶ˼ˣȻĴҪȥһ¡Լ°ܻ£벻ȴܡ
ؽҶ˼Ҳû룬˼լȥ
Ҷ˼ĿɿڴĿԼǸ߳û뵽ķӦô£ȻϾ뵽˶Բߡ
Ҷ˼˶û˼ݣΪһȴܿһ١
Ҷ˼Щ㶣һҶ˼漴Ҷ˼˵Ҷ˼㣡ϽȥҶңҵҶҳԺһܡ
Ҷ˼ĵһأ
ȻҪЩ֤Ū׳ǣоȡһ
Ū׳ǣҶ˼΢΢üͷ͵һؽϾͻִᷢǵϾͻ¶ѧô֤СϾͻ׳ǣҪǾնɱ
Ȼ֪ڵնѧں׳ֻ죬û˭õѧӦ֮ǰ׳ǣһ
Ҷ˼ȻҶҳԺҶҳԺѧҪԸҲù˼ݡͽҶ˼ģֻҪⶫȥǵΣϽ
ôܰѶϳ͢Ҷ˼ĲѣֻһҶ˺׳ǣҲû֤ݴϳ͢
Ҷ˼㲻õģɰ취㰲οҶ˼䣬ʱ䲻ˣͲҶ˼ˣҶҰɡ
˵꣬ҲҶ˼ش𣬿ʼһ·
Ҷ˼뿪ӰȻĵżȴҲ޿κΡֻķԸҶҸȥ
ϵҶҲõҶ˼ڵûһӡѧ͵Ҷҡٶ֮Ϊ֮զࡣ
ѧҶ˼ĵŭѣŮ治֪Ȼһ¡Ҷ˼Ҳ΢΢ġŮֻҪڣѴ˵Ķֻ·һ
ѶɣѧһҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼΢΢һЦһЦµߵѧһ£Թү˵ʲôô̫
װҪǲҾҶҳԺҲŹ㡣ѧŭһ
Ҷ˼ЦԹүðԵҶ˼˵ʲô
ڤ粻飡ҪˣǾͱԶˡѧһ
Ҷ˼һûоûУԹүѿԣҪûѳҪĶҿôҶҽһҶҵļ̳֮һҶҲС壬Լ˵۸۸ġ
㡭ѧŭ׼ǰȥ֪ͨҶ˼壬Ҷ˼ѹǣûԸ£һ¾͸˵ˣҶ˼һĻһ꣬Ǹˣ㣬ҼҶ
һ仰ѧͷһҶ˼޿ֵ񣬾֪Ҷ˼ϣ϶ߵؽǳأκֻܽܳ
Ҷ˼仰ɫ͵һ䡣Ҳ֪ٶȣʱûǳأֻϣˡ
ؽ㻭Сͷɳ֮׷ɱѧҶ˼Ҷ˼Ѫɫ
֮Զ֣˳ţҲᱻ׷ϡ
˷ԸȥڳǳѰС㼣һҡѧԸ
ǣˣϾͷԸȥ
ѧĿҶ˼һúõҶС㲻ƫƫҪðͷȻǾͱˡ
Ҷ˼һѧĻϣҶѧҶʲô
ڼһ֮һܵѧǰ˷ƺʹķȥ
Ҷ˼ĵ׾û뵽ѧں׳ǵѾֲֵزŶþڳ㡣
ѧҶ˼һۣĵ˵˻ҶһһҶ೯͢ʸûСҳƺΪ𣿡
Ҷ˼ЦҪû֣ҳƺȻáϾǼʹǣѧˣʲôãѧֻƺҲ˺׳ǡǾ֤ٶҲã
ߣȥѧȵһȺ˺ƺƵĸ
ʱ㣬ѧ˵ڳСֻʱĳƺȴŭѣɴ۾עǰŮ꣬ŭȵôôͿ֤ݴʲôãѧں׳һ졣ѵΪΪʲôɣ
ƺΪֱǱݺġĵҲΪŤתǬǣǰ껹̫СѧˡʱĳǳѾˣ֤ݸҲûáǳƺŭŭĵҲûİ취ֻ̫С˿ѧˡ
űȵĴԭص꣬ƺ̾һҵĸۡѾΧˡ
˵仰ƺ̾һʱѾˡ֤ò׳ǣòȥֻеһ;


210 ѧ
ɫ԰ףżƣĳƺʵô죿
ô죿ҳȥӭѧɡھͿǵܱܲסˣƺ̾һֻϣѧ˼ǳ͢ļʹҶ֡
仰ͷҲʱѾһˣʱĳƺҲܱ
ҳȥɣƺ̾һ˵
㵹ҲųƺһȥſڣȻʿΧųΪ׵ѧ
ǺǣԹүôʱܳƺɫЦ⣬·ûпѳΧʿƵģֱӭѧ
ǺǣﻰһֱݷüʹˣֻһֱۣŽ쵽ʹԭ¡ѧͬЦ档
ѧģóƺͷһɡѧվ˼Լʹݣֱӳɱ
ԹүˣȻᣬͲ顣ƺѧЦС
ѧЦЦ漴ųƺ˵ҲգȻ˾ȥһˣˣȰѳʹͽҰˡ
˵꣬ѧʿ˹ȥ˹ȥͬʱ׵ը죬ǵ
Թүʲôѵֶӵ㲻ɣƺѧż־˵
Ǻǣʹƭ˰ɣСӿҵһˡҸۡ͵һЩŴѲѧЦųƺ
仰óƺŭ㣬˵ҿСŮ鲻ǳô֮ˣ͵Թүʲô
ˣ²û͵Թүʲô㲻˵
ƺɫ΢΢ͣѧ˵Թүǲʲô᣿ҼŮǺѣҶƷл˽⡣̫֮¡
㾡֪ƺάǻ̲ס߷߲ƽʲô֮£˵˵͵ǽã
˱ƭĲ尡ˣ£ѧȵ˿˳ƺ
ƺ˵ʲôȴϣ㿴ųƺЦֺαغαӦҪб¾ͰáҵҪʱܲӵһ١
һ仰ѧ۾͵һɣĿֱʲô˼
ûʲô˼ֻڴ˲ȥ֤ݣʱС֪ٹһʱ䣬ԹǲǻơЦе˵
仰ѧԭأע˵ʲô
Цӽָȡһż˱ųƺ˵ˣҸոҪ֤ݣ㿴
ƺһ㶣ĵüѡ֪ʲô顣ĵֲ̾һ֤óûܾȵˡǴʱ㲻óҲûá
ƺַ˼ҳżһЩֽʲôûдƺ˱ȴǷ׭е˱
ֽƺۿ㣬ո˵Ŀǻ֣˵ʲôżӡ֮ġȷʵһ԰ֽʲôû
ߣƺʹٺõƢôһˣҲ漴ѧ˵Դ㡣
ѧƺڵϵ˱żŭ˵Ķ
۾ѧ˵Թү˵ʲôô
֪˵ʲôٲͱҶˡѧŭ㣬һĵ׸ǲˬ
Ц֪Թү˵ʲôȻԹҪɱĻ붯ְɣҲǺ۸ġ
㣡ŵѧɫĪѧȻ֪ĵõż˱øƺǼٵģô
ȻԹү׼֡Ǿͳų͢ŭ֮ǰϽȥٰ֤ɡ˵ԹүǣȥȻԹүҪǽִҪɱҺͳˣϴ֮ʱȻԹүΪٱ͢Ǻ˵
ϴı֮Ҳϴѧ㡣
۾ǴЦ⣺ҪЩ˱ż˳ǳأλʥʦأܲϴ壿
ѧɫĿĶ㡣ɢ˹âѧȻţλʥʦĽҪЩ֤λʥʦУǱضϲ飬ŴϲȻܲһЩ˿ֻҪ¶һЩʿ
λʥʦֶΣβܲһ㶫
ʱѧλʥʦҲΪλʥʦԶڳã¹ףųɹԵʡϾƿغ׳ǣ·ǳסλʥʦӢı֮ҲǱŭϾ֤٣ټȥʿ֤ûԵ׳ǵʥʦȻš
ǣֻҪǵõһ˿֤֤ǱݺġǾͲòϾϵŵ۹
ǣȻ˵֤λʥʦУβŭġеһжҪɹˣȴŤתǬı
һж۵꣬һҵļҶ
ѧѾĺܺˣеһжƵķǳϵ˶ĶţзĿܡ
ľ棬Ȼǰ˸Ťתˡܵˣ
ѧĶ΢΢ЦôԹүǾ͵ȼհɡպͳˣֻԹүҪ⼸ղʲô˭֪ܲܲԹүһʲôأȻұǺԸԹүݺ͢ģ
ЦеĿѧеĺ⼸ҪˣֻһŲھɱ㣿
ͷ˵ţȻţԹүѱˣҪڵų˵ɱҡҪൣһΣա˵ֻһҶƽɱ˾ɱˡǷǳʱڣҪɱң˵ССͻᱻ˷ŴԹүٲ
ѧע㣬ɫĪѧ´֪ϵǳҪϴһжĹ͡һԼľ˱ɱˣβߣ
һȻǼҶȴ֣Ϊıʥʦԩɶһᶨϡʱһ²һ£˵ųƺɱ㣬пܻΪѹĵݡ
һССļҶʱȻһͶ
ΪһѶǳ𣿡ѧۿ㡣
ʼŲ㣡
ѧһ󺰵ˡɾ֮ӳ׷״ߣɱ
ѧЦһʱѾˣҪһõϢ£á
룬ԼΪʲôҪҶ˼ֿҶ˼ͬʱһĿľ˷ɢѧעѧҶ˼ﵢһٵƺﵢһΪǳصİȡʱ䡣
ѧһʮֲףӦѾѸˣԷΪʲô׷ϣͬʱѧҲЩ֤ͳǳˡ


211 һжѾ׼
ѧ㣬ŬпһʲôǿãֻѧĪһߵһؽȵ˱һֻӬҲȥͳȥ
ǣؽӦһ
ߣѧһȥ
Թүôô죿ϷѾԻ𣿡ƺѧˣĵ׾𾪵ͬʱ̲ס
ǣڳƺ׼˵ʲôʱȴ棺ˣԹүͱӰɡôαҳΪ顣
ƺĻ㵵ͬʱûըˡСӣ˵𣿿Ǿڳƺ׼쭵ʱȴȻ߽ңóƺòȥ
˳ȴڵȴƺ
ƺǷżЦ⣬겻еĴݵ㣬ƺ˵ո㵹ܻԹүǣԹүٵȼˣûͳǳءӲһ
һ۳ƺ˵˭㶫ûͳǳأѵΪƭѧɣ
ƺһ۵ѵ㻹ͳȥɣӷڣһ·ܵﻹʱͶǳء
ʼûʱ䣬ûʱ𣿡
˰㣿ƺĵһϲ־òܡԼϵ˶̶ʱȥ˭ܳǳأҪѧӦ֮ǰͳǳأҪ֮ϵٶȲܳȥһССļҶʹȥôյ顣
ЦЦ˵ͷİɡ˵ͳȥ˾ͳȥˣ͵ż󣬺׳ǵɡ
ͳȥˣƺɻĿ㡣
΢΢ЦЦҵõЩ֮󣬾ͽһʵҲʮ죬֮ͳǳءѧӦȻ죬Ҷ˼ﵢһﵢһ˵ûͳȥң˷ʱ䣬ѧʱȥ׷ɱҲѾˡ֤ݣȻ׷
ʮ죿ô̵ʱ档ʮ죿ƺȲѡ
ЦЦӸտʼ߻ʱôĴ硣ĸҪ뿪׳ǣһջһʼ㵽ֻ֮ܽ֡
ΪĶȻ㡣Щһֱںҵ·;Уͽһ°Ŀջֻתһ˲飬򵥵Ľ˼䣬ųƺұ˵Ŀ⡣ȴԳǡ
ʱѧȻӦǳǳȴδü԰ٶȣȻܸ֮ǰȥ㿴ٶȣԼܱģȻûʵǶ٣Ȳھ֮ϾҲǽ˴еˡ
Ͳ֪ˣֻҪ֪ЩѾ˺׳ǾͿԡЦ
ƺԭΪթѧģû뵽ͳȥˡóƺľֶΣҶ治С̶ʱڲֻƴӴõ˿жźˡǣϾһЩһ㻹ġ
ͳȥ֤ݵʥʦʲô취ʥʦĵλǺĹ壬ҪȻİôܼǣѵλкݲɣƺ̾һ׳ǵĺ֮ϵĴҲǼȻҵǣڶڼʥʦһУõʲôãһг䶨ˡ
ˣǳܰ΢΢ЦЦųƺ˵
ƺһۣΪʹȻԼλʥʦʵ۶ܼʹȻûʲôʵȨⷽȴЩź̫ˡҲ֣ʹһҪһЩʲôȻҪǲС
ǣڱѧΧѧȻĻҶҲԲܴϢȥһлͽ޹
ѧҪǼֳ֮͢״϶Ƕ֡
ƺһģ΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҫд˵أ
ƺһ㶣Ϊʹ¶ܵʥʦΪʹһ㶼ǵƣЩƵͿԼʥʦ۵ȥ
һεҲȥģˡ
ҵƣƺŹֵĿ㡣
ʼѵûһ𣿡
ƺһ㶣ûעЩƾͷңҲÿĶҪϾֻ֤ܵͨһʹãһ㶼ûһҪ͵Ը͵Ͼⶫ͵ʲôãȥʥʦⲻλʥʦĿֲҪû´ǣ䵽ʲôء
͵ˣƺֱֱĿ㡣
ȻһЦܽ͵ǳĶС˾ǣ
ĶΪ͵ˣƺȡ
ŭˣͷô£ô䲻͵֡Լе˸ô͵飿Ҳָʾȥ͵˵飬ܽ͵
Сãķĵ׵ЩңͳƺһģʤһȨðܵһһ¡ԭǸӮģû뵽˴ó
ƻʱҵĶԼҪԼҪһơĶȻ֪ҪʲôƾҲ˴ţ˳һ㣬Լ顣ǵƵ㣬ȻƸ˰
ƺĽͣĿֱֱĿ㡣ǰֻһʮ꣬ȻһжˡһʼҺˣ͵ƣΪ˾ǽһ졣
ƺãԼҲˡǣƫƫݲȵһııڿѾɹ˰˳ɡ
ηƺ̾һĵײòϣ겻ܳ
ȻˣǾ͵ȴհɡ֮ϣ׳ǵķ䣡
Ըоƺ˵仰ʱһ
ǳϢɡˡ˵꣬͹ȥͳƺô࣬ҪƺģʱʥʦƺҲ֪˵ʲô
ƺ޳ͦεһУоЩλáһпֻһլӵ飬լȴú׳ͷ
治һ꣬һҶ
ƺҡҡͷһ漴Ц֪֪ԼһҶȳĻ᲻ţ
˵꣬ƺҲȥҪȥǸŮһڿˣʥҲ͵ģһȻ˴æһγڴҲΣ
뵽⣬ƺбҪúõĽѵһŮ
Ȼ㲢֪ЩѾڳĴϺ˯һҲû뵽滹лΧʿ



212 ֮ˮ
ﵱص׳ǣͺһڸۡСЩܾĥȻܵĲĥϵġݣ˭ǹĶԴ
ʮӶʮʱһССҶСУûе֮ӵٹ⡣Ҫǣһֺˣʱͬʾ£һǰЦ
ǰ꣬ŭ⡣һССӾ֮ӣҲǰСС
Ӵ㻹ǰܹ𣿱үǲôˡ˵꣬ϿЦһĭ׼Եĳʳϡ
԰԰ϿŷϵĶĭҫ򺰵
棬һӾ֮ӣԼһ㡣Ȼ
ϼż˵ʲôŲűүѷԡһ֮ӣϾҪնͷļһүҪôô档
Ƣٺãһ˵Ҳ̲סڵӿŴϺݺݵĳһȥѾﵽ֮Ǵܵסġһȥϵһշһͷ˵ϣذ˼¡
ŴҲû뵽˵־Ͷ֣ӦӦʱѾһߵ˴ϵϡ
Щ״˹ȥʵȻ֮ͣҲв١ոմﵽ֮Ƕ֣ܿͱסֱţЩ
ϴӵһĭĭѪˮϣͬʱһ˳
űһǣָϵѪҲûһƳ˹ȥ
ž
þȫһƣ˲סռ䡣
һưµˡСʲôʱܹ裿
Ҵү㻹Լ֮㻹ԼǺ׳Ǹ˸ǵܹڲһͷһͷȴɱÿ˵һ仰һͳ鵽ϡ
ϵĻ۾Ѫ죬õѪȻƺΪܼĪ衣˱ĿвѪ˿ĶŴϣˣ
Ͽ񣬼ʱŭѵͬʱȭŲкһﲻϵĴ쮳
ԭǰѧԸ۸һģԭ׼Сͽһ¾ˣ𵱳ǵӡҲˣһȭȭһŽкȥ
Һﵽ֮ҪȻڴŹ£Ҳõ
ϴһƺˣŶȵһģ͵űɱɡ
Ѫ˿˫ۣĶŴϣһһ˵ҪˣƤ
ŭЦˣЦ㵱˭ܾȵ𣿡
˵꣬Ŀ⿴ոĭķˣҲ˵ʲôϿ۹ȥһ͡
˵꣬Ͼİ룬ƺҪѷ˶Ŀ۽С
ѺŷſǰǷһЦ֮Σ۸Ҫ͵
ĶŴϣû˵һ仰Щܹ裬ǵֺꡣһһأ¡
㡭ϸ׼˵ʲôȥһȺˡ
Ϊ׵ӣ΢΢һ㶺ϲغ壡ôˣ
ѧڵ飬ɨ˴һۣĿɭ䣬漴ŭļȵſСү
һ仰ôһ㶣漴壬㡭
ǴϵĻû˵꣬ͱȵסڣ˭壿ұ졣Ұﳼ֮Ӱˡ
ǣһ廨İѴϸˡ
壡ʲôŵľѧĵ£ԴҲǺĺܣǽΪʲôͻȻɭ䣬Ȼİ
ʲô㸸ݺ۹ǰȥʵġˣȥһߡ
ڴϴߺ˲ͻһסһЦ⣬ΪĨЩűǸֶˣû뵽ô󵨣ֶҲ˶ԴֶģҾԲŹġ
ǰϷ飬һŤͷû˵ʲô
ٶ˿Ϊ⣬ļ˵ֶүѾˣݺʥʦͻᴫʱǾˡ
ﶢ飬ûһ仰
鿴һصķˣȵŸʲôϽȥֶ׼⣡
ǣˣЩĪȴòĻȥ
ǳһ󣬾ͶЦֶί죬ˣϾˡֶҪҪʲôܷԸ˾ǡһȥñݺ൳Ͳֶˡ
˵꣬Це뿪ֺҪǲ֪ˣΪ塣
ߺ̱ڵ棬˲ȫǷĵϣѪ۾̲ס¶ᣬ֪ܼҰȫˡҪȻԼҵ鲻̬
Щίѹ̲סǸˣǸһ꣬ѹίһֱѾˣʱһЩˣ̲סˡ
һЩһĻһҲĬѾֺ˼֪»Ҫص׳ۣ֮ʱܹܹӣЩû۸
Щ
һҲ̲סϽܵǰҪͬʱƥϣֺ
һЩˣд񣬿ҲЩһֱۣߵһЩѾ͸ˣ
һ䣬вһС꣺ˣҾ֪ûдġ
ϸܵǸǰл
ԼĴоףò˶þҪնͷˡĵǶôΣգȴһܼҡ޷ðŶġ
֮ˮ
ﲻ˵һ仰Ǿ֮ɡΧܼҵ˺֮࣬һ׵һĹܼңǵʱڣȴֻһҶǡ
ʶһɽʼûжõʱ䡣ԶԶûЩܼϵƫƫһˣðΣΪܼұ
￴һսսһҲǡŰһӵĲȣҲĿʼҲܲҪЩ̣



213 
ǰŮһ˫˿ȣ͵Уǳ¡˵ȹ£İ׳ͷǶΰķ۾һͷ㷢Ըе촽ˮĴ۾ϸüһֳŮΪ϶ˣɢųŮԵ
Ů˵ǰֹһʱҲ˿ôǰĶֲ̧ͷǰŮЦС㲻֪ҵ·ʲô
㵽ʲôһҼңҼҶˡȥУĶֱֱĶ㣬촽ʻµԸС콿Σ̸һһϵĺ촽һ׷룬ѹֵסŮջ
ұôܹأʼǾȳƺȻһʲôû͸¶Ķ
ߣҼ֮űģ˭Ķۿ㣬¶ŭ⡣
ҾͲ֪ˡΪ̫˧ˣ̫Ůɧҡѧ汣Ұɡſں˵
㡭ĶŭûʱܴһϢʲôϢﲻĶԸţıġ
֪֪ΪҲﲻһһĺҲᱻնɱĶ㡣
һ㶣ӳĶ̬У㿴ĳĶûŮУǰﵱһܵܰ㡣û뵽Ů˻ΪðգŮ˻ǲҲ׷ôˡ
ŶŭĿӵĳĶʼ˾ˣ˭ǲҪıĴء
仰Ķըˣһ˵Ļ𣿾淸ıĴҲ
ҹȻˡҶǼҶǼĶһŭ㡣
ЦЦҲͣ漴˵ˣҺ㸸˵͵ƣûʲô鷳ɣ
Ķ仰ըˣĵ׺ڲѡôһ͵ƣȻҪһ衣
ңĶۿ㡣
ʼǶˡҵٸ㣡
ߣĶһҲ˵ʲô˵Ϊﲻʡ
ЦЦųĶЦֵþˡ˵ûʲôЧҪйϵ˵ΪšǳΪҡҾˡ
ԭҪϷһ³ĶģŮˣԼĶɱ˵վȥˡ
Ķ㣬׸ΪʲôϱһĶԴǣոһ仰óĶһøжûˡ
Ťͦ̽ę뿪ĳĶͷųĶıӰҪۡĻôȥɡʿӦòˡ鲻㵣ģ
Ķһ٣漴ϻָֻۡſڡ
˵ԭ˿ֻ̿ɣȻÿ·ųĶС㣡룡
ĶûзӦЩֺʲôʱôˣ
㲻ˣĶдżŭ⡣
ڨڨЦС˵ЦˡΪ׳źܶͽΪ˼ʹһҵİȫСֹС㡣ΪľǱǡǴʱͽѾ֮ԷˡȻųС㣡
֮ԷˣĶͷһɫ˼֡ѾˣǵһֱƨɺҪ׷ҲĶܶԶûУＸųģ˵еܵܵĵλҲ֡ǡ
ĶŤͷĶһ۸ովλãȴǸ겻ˡ̾һҲٳȥֱǧڵĴ

㣡治ԸֻʮꡣƺЦڿʱѾȫˡ
΢΢ЦҲСһߴԼȥҺõǣҳɹˡ
ƺǰ꣬΢΢˵ͷµġ
ҡҡͷ漴һʲôųƺʵˡָɣܲܲһ˵ȥܲԼҺùɡ
ƺĻҡҡͷûõģʹҶ֪ѧֶΡȴҲκβЩ죬ѧæ֤ݡԶԱĵ´˸ˣȻ͵Ѿɱˡ࣬ҲҲ֤ݣпܱѧҧһڣ˵
仰΢΢Ĭһѧȥ֤ݻԼ˵ġΪľǱסʥʦҪǳ䲻ǰѯһܲѧһЩ˿ǣ֮ǰѧһԼɱˡ
ûôУΪ˰⵹ѧԼϡ˵ܾȳ㹻ˡ
ϧ̾һ
ƺЦûʲôϧġץһ˿ҲʰѧϾѧĸ޼һλʥʦҲн顣ҪȻΪѧĵλôܺ⡣
̵ʦǸ̬Ҳᵽ޼ˡ
ףΪʲôѧôˣݺ
Ҳβζûãѧ˴Сģ𿴴Ҷ֪ЩġץİѱҪȻҲݺ齻ҪѧԶ֣Ϊѵ㻹ܴѧ϶ᵽɣ
仰ЦСĽҲþͺá
ЦƺҲЦЦ졣ͻų㵽ʱǴ󹦳
󹦳ɣһҶ󹦳֪˼Ǻޡο֤ݸʥʦҲǽ塣Ҫ㲻ͷҶû˵ЦſųƺȻԸСȥԼ˵ļԭ⣬һԭǰѼʹƺƵһߡ
ֻҪƺӦϾĴӡܳƺϲϣ˶ôƺȻûʵȨǵλ⣬ҪվһߣҪࡣ
ҲգҾð͡ƺЦЦҲ֪˵Ҫ֪һҶȳģ֪ʲôξˡ
ף̸Цʱ򣬳ĶͻȻֻܽ͸̸ݺݵĵһ㣬֪ס
ôˣƺʵ
ˣĶɫء
ʲôܣƺͬʱɫҲ԰˼֣ѧ˴󵨣ѵʱ򻹸ɱ𣿡
һֱֻҪû뵽кˣ
˭˵ģ˶Ҫ̱ˣųĶ˵
Ķɫ΢΢㶣˵Ǿ仰ˣôΪ˵ϢĶβ֪ոſں˵ǵԹҲʧˡ
ĶͰѸոĻ˵һ顣Ȼ˵Ĳ²⣡
ͳƺ꣬һۣ̲֮סҿС椣Դˮ˰ɡȻشԹûƭҡ
оƼˣԼССĶһȻһ¾Ͷˣһ亹˱ôôǿأ


214 
̶գ׳ǷƱãķডǴǱݺϢپѧ˾ͳһݺˣŲѧšѧ˿û飬ֻҪץ֤ݣһ͵
ԭɭϵĺ׳ǣʱҲɳϵĹ壬Ҳûܵѧļӡ
ѧ£׳ǲٹ屻һնɱѪȵζú׳Ļ̡̻ˣϵˣȴһ˷ܲѡ֪ѧɱڣҲ˵ȫˡЩϲѣֻеȴû뵽·ת
ں׳ǷƱõʥʦڴΪϴͬʱݺﳼѧʱȴ˳ԴŴ˵ͷʥʦ
ʹû뵽ѧʥʦȲ࣬佱ѧ󣬾ʹѧﳼͷȥ
ʹ뿪׳Ǵӷӿٴλָƽͬģѧ쳣ûмǵ㼣
ӹ죬ҲﶼûȥʹڳƺĸۡڳƺۡĶûиɫԴ˳ĶǾشԺ󡣳Ķͺ޲ҧڡ
ں׳һлָƽ׼뿪ʱ򣬳ĶͻȻһ˵ϯףϴ壬㡣
仰΢΢ЦЦְӹ֪ˣ
ĶҲٺ˵ʲôŲӾ뿪ߡ

ٴλع鵽׳ΪȻкܶûкͳĶһǰۻ᳡أһ˹ȥġϵʱɽ˺˳׳һΪ׳۵Ľ
У᳡ؿн̻Իͣơ
ֻ˵һһ£ҲԵò
ûˣһλûã߾ͬһЩԱߣһȺһȻ̸ۡ
˴οǴ䣡Ҫǳʹһֻеˡ
԰ʱôգûŤתǬˡƫƫʹˡ
ʲôʹҲһ빦Ͷѡһ빦ͣȴҶ˼ҪΪΪʲôҪҶ˼Ů
Ҳ˵ˣҶ˼ڴ˴Ϊϴ˲飡ѹҪŮˣ
Ҷ˼ĵߵǣȴû뵽Ҳô󡣲ҲлرġҶ˼ҶҵελΪŮҶҼҪҶҲҪ˼һЩ
һûǸŮ˳õĶôء쿴ܴ۸ˣ
Ա΢΢һ㶣ɻԱߵ˵˵Ҷ˼Ů
㲻֪˵˵ΪϴףġǴҶ֪ŮᣬҶ˼ǽǡ
Ҳû뵽ȻŮٰġ΢΢һЦû뵽ֽ
Ҷ˼ȷʵΪ˸ıҶ˼ĴΪֻҪȳôҶ˼ȻϹϵʱҶҼҪԸҶ˼ҲҪһ¡û뵽Ҷ˼Ůǳϡ
ƻĺôĵ׻Ǻܸ˵ģҶ˼һΣյĲġ
һ˿ʼ˷ܵĿʼŸֶĿע⵽ϡڴڼϯһ꿴Ǽϯĵ¶Ľɫһ˵ȥЩλ
ˣϯλֻк׳߲棿ΪϵĴ˵
ٺ٣Ҳ˵˵ô˭ĸҪĸңҲôΧˡǣϯһЩҲ

Щ˵ۣЩλǲġԽϯλãԽ
ˣ꿴һˣһ֮⡣㿴˹ȥһ˵ĹעУߵϯϵĵλá
һ㶣űΰΧŵӣӦǸװɡ
﷢㶣ļ˵ֵܣĽЩĽģ˭ûһõءܽͲˡ
ǣֵܣǺȾƣһǸλȥġ
ȥǹƵõؾһ졣
ЦʲôЦǺõ˶٣ߣҪȥϾͽү
һ仰һ˱죬Ȼ֪ǲܵġ
Щ˵Ļ΢΢ЦЦĿתϯǰϯû˸ȥ
㵹ûʲô̫ĸо˵ҪǽҶ˼Ϊôޡ
ûãһĹ嵽Щ岻ֻӵͷмҪӵʵȨ׳ֳܱǵĳ׳ǸƿˣԼ׳žλһЩС
㿴ۻңЩˣܱ߼ۣŷֺ׳̴ӡ
ڵڶ󣬴ҲҶ֪ҪˡһĿ⿴Ǹڡ
˵ڴУг⼸꣬ԵĽ֮ɫӣҹӣǳӣҪȦӸöã
㿴ǰӢ꣬رǿΪ׵ΪĲ룬˴˺ܴĴɡ𲻾ǰһɬһֳ졣
һ±ﴩţĿбӵֱֱߵϯԣ۲ѡ
󣬵۹ǼλĺҲ߳һںΧߣ̸Цĵ԰Ե󡣿һѣ룬ʱǲܴﵽֵز˶ΧԼǶô⡣
緢緶ӣĿҲûתǺ׳ǵĵһǿߣϵĶ̾мӵ
ܱߵļ꣬ӵһҪһҲ˷⣬һĸԸ
仰ЦЦĿ⿴ߵգû뵽ձԴߣﻹҪ߼֡
㿴Ӻݻ޾˵Ů˺˽Ǻϲ
һɫС߹ģˣŰ𪾧Ө޲ѡͳվһŮഺٸĳ֮ӦƵƵĿ
һϯһӴˬʵЦүϵŮгǶſľ֮ء
һ仰ʱһҪҶ˼
΢΢һЦ˰֣ſ˵Ůʱƺ֮ǰҪһơ
һ֪ͣ˭ôӣȻŮ鶼ƺ󡣲һЩ˴βͷأһͷӦĽĿ⿴ƺ


215 ȥ
ƺ۵Ŀ⿴ƺЦһһǶˡͲҾȳģһУʵһöûֻСӰеĹͶƸҶ˼ˡ
ŮҪƣϽǰ׼ΪþƣȴûŮӹŮеľƺþƣһƱƣ˸Ǵ͡
˭֪ƣǴ˿ȴԼһһֵġƺӣ
һųƺĿĽǿˣԳƺǼĿء
˷㶵ǣûƺǶžƱֱֱߵ棬һƺžƱߵϯʲô
ϯ˺йӴУǸ߲ʵĴڣҲֻԶԶĿһۣôϯ߹ûзһ˿ȥļˣй嶼ɻѡ֪Ҫʲô
ܱߵĹֱֱǵķһסоĶҪˣ찡Ȼˣ
Щ˲ͬǣȴЦһﲻ֪ҪʲôôһԼҪΪĽˡ
ǣžƱˣֻܸϽԼһơ
ܱߵһһۣĵ׾úЦѲСӻΪƵĲɡ
ǣǰһĻȴǴԭءֻߵǰһƵĿ㣬ųĺͰЦҲȥôѵԹûǰȥ㲻ɣ
˵ЦˣԹ塣ֻϯҪȥ˼ܱ˶ȥЦЦ
Ц漴һ۵˵˭Ҷ㣡
ЦÿһУһʮֹŹû˵һֶӵġСӵʲôͷ
֪ϸһЩˣȴ׵Ĵˣˣ޷һҶô˶Դ
ǣ𺳻û꣬һ仰һƬȻһɴ۾ע㣬оǲԴˣҪȻôľٶ
һƣ徴㣡Դıл⣡
ȥһЩˣЩһ޷ôľٶǻӣҲԾưǣȴˣ
ˣӦ顣һóȵĿעĵ׿ЦȴòƱѾˣܲ
ˣЦͷһȫУһҲ
һĻǿĿѣԣһƾȻһƺȵˬ졣
꣬Ȼͷȹ⡣
ãȻӢۣǿˡЦֱ˵ߣȥ
㱻ϯ࣬ԭ㴵ţһȺ꣬ʱŵļ¼ˡû뵽Ȼ˴
ЩһǣЩԵĹҲʼ̽ݡ
һĻΰһۣеĲ˼顣
ΰ¶Ź֣ʵʶ
ΰҧгݶ㣺Ƕ⣬Ҷȥ㡣ҵļҶ
ҼҶһ㶣漴뵽̧ŻҪһʿʦҽΣûСҪǣһ֮ȥնɱ㣬һ֮ȫʧǶ֮ǡΪһ֮ʧܶĵжҵ鷳
ϯܵģüǲǱƭˡһļҶôֶ
뵽⣬һƣֱֱ
үϲյŮְһĶ˵
ȻЩϲǼԷǵ˵ͷһ¾ƱңѾˡ
һ֮ĿͻȻת㣬漴˵үм鲻֪
˵˵
仰ĵһϲֻҪαߣүʱ򶼱¶ʱǲùϾһôֶӹϵãֻҪļݣ߸ϵù˼Լݣ㻮ޣϾԿηһһֶǶôӰݵľٶ
ְ˵ҼҶһ֪үǲǱƭˣ˵Ϊ˼
һ仰˵꣬ʱһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㣬Դӳ찡ôܣֶһ
ķӦȴɫرѿֻԻȵȺܵɫѿðĻҪ̵Ƶġ
ĵ׿һ£ŲõԤУرĿ⿴ƺƺͬĿ⿴Ԥиǿҡ
ԤϾ͵õȷϣֻһŭȣˣҵ˶Ҷȥ
һɫ˲Ұףǻδü˵ʲôͱ˳ȥûй˼һ˿Ĳλȫݳȥڵϵģ޴档
׳ȥһվŵµ庰ھ͸ǡҼҶûͬҵֶҵҪ˭Ժüƺ
һ仰Ĺסվһ̣Ǿ͸оһĪѹ
Ÿո׳ȥķһӲͬѰ
һں׳ݵλĲȴֻΪ˵һʵȴȫĶȥ֪ʲôλǼҶҲǵġ
Щ룬䣬û
ҶʩʲôֶΣ˿أ

ͬû뵽ҲͰ׳ȥ˿ż־ηЦЦĿ⿴Աߵգգգۡ
ռ㵱ôֶͷŤһ߲㣬ϼ
ûˣԱߵȴһĻһ㶵ͬʱĵҲʲôתͷ㡣
ĵһԼոôصĵ鲻ᶼְɣ
Ȼϲ¶ʲôһݵЦ⡣
յɬĵЦЦԺҪԿˡ
һɾЩϧԭ׼Ҫϱģûϣˡ
ѹҶˣԭԭ򰡡
ԭĲ⣬ʱȫ˹żֵ٩ոϼ죬ɽĸ



216 
ĿעʱҶ˼һɫȺ˵У˵ܱȥ
Ҷ˼ȺϵĽģϸ֫ĲӯһգΪˡǰ𪣬µƯɫ״׹ĳ£Ϊޣɷµĳ£Ϊƽ˼ָ߹ʡ
͹µĽǵݣɢĻ˵ĺ̲ס˼£һ޵Ůˡֵһ䣬Ů˶Ϊ֮Ȼˡʹ޵̲ס̾ѹֻᱻһλʥʦΪɫ
ʱҲ͵ĿҶ˼żĽ
ˣ΢΢ЦЦҲһǼˣȻʱףûҶ˼ַϡǣʱǱҶ˼Ҳ˶١Ҫǣյ˫Ҷ˼ȲˡʱȻǧ绪
Ůݼ常ĸҶ˼ߵǰǷ
ããЦ춼ϲ£ЦĿҶ˼֮ɫ
ȻҲ¶Цݣٱ˵һɱ
һ仰йվеľƱնϲһ
Цͷȥ
Ⱥ꣬ЩҲϽꡣֻϯƱһڴУں̲֮סһ㡣ոǿǿˣһβʣֻǵ˰뱭ƣһһЩ
ﵽָ߶ȵˣÿһ鶼е塣
Ҷ˼ĵ׸Ǿȣû뵽ϵŮȻȲĿеõλҶʲôݣ
ȻȣһƣϲһŮ
Цݣ˭ľƶȣֻһڡһȦƱľƾȻ١
㿴̲סĵֹ޳ܰ޳ܰһƺʮΣȻ٣ָˮƽѧ
ݣܶƱӣѾܸЩˡ룬ǰǽٴڼӵ鶼ˡ
ʲô˵Ϊʲôûȣⲻƽ
ݣǵΪٱʾ
Ҷ˼Ҳȥһ¸λ岮Ҷ˼Ц
ǣ常Ҷ˼ЦЦ֪ں׳ǵӰ
ˣ㣡Ҳһȥ岮ߵ㣬˵
һЦ˵壡ҲȾƣ
޷ˣҽ̧ȥЦ
һ仰ûôһ˵Щ˻ʹԼȣñ˹ˣ
ȻֻܺҶ˼վһ𣬶žƱϯһС
Ҷ˼վߣҶ˼ϴܰ㣬㵹ЩԳˣ͵͵Ҷ˼һѡҶ˼һû뵽ô󵨣ô˵滹ˡ
ۼĵһۺ󣬿޹Ҷ˼վֵġ⻵Сӻǲˣ͵ֶôߣĿ¶ܲ˷֡
뵽Ϸ̲סɬ֡СӾȻʵ飡
ԻҶ˼ļСĺҳԾһ
˵꣬ԻӣԸŮ㵹ģһ£ͷȥ
㿴Իȵô죬΢΢㵣漴ȻһЦһҺһ𣿡
ԻЦСӱ롣һҲУʴҴ𲻴Ӧ
ԻĻЩȻȣȣȣ
㿴Щ壬޵ֱҧر·ˣ⼸˽е
̵ģһһֻġ
㣡ô˵Ҳ㳤һˣһʲôˣΨ²ҵһɿ
ĻЩĸ
óѹ㣬ƲƲ׼ؼʱҶ˼ȴڸ˵㣡˰ɣкô
Ҷ˼ģҶ˼Ҳ˵ʼ磬һںꡣ
ãԻʹһļ򣬡ȻӢۡٺȼ
㿴ҲԻҶ˼ߵһйǰơ
˿һĻЦ
ԭ׼ѧÿһھ˵ġԻͷĹôݡÿһˣ㶨Ȼһӡ
һҲоԴЩˡǣҪĻ١ֻתڴŵܽȡϲǣⷬҽȻЧתȦԺеѣȻʧˡ˼󶨡ҪǺȣ
ΧһϯһȦһһʱҶ˼ǰǰ˵壡Ҿһ
ͷһҶҼĴһӣȻЦ⣬ǹϢ㻹ܸо
Ǻǣϲˣ徴һ˵꣬ͰһƵ˽ȥʮֺˬ
Ҷ˼Ҳ׼һƺ꣬ЦŴҶ˼нӹƱҶ˼лȰɣ
˵꣬ҲҶ˼شͷͺȥ
Ҷ˼Լȹľ£ɫҲЩ̡ƽһҲ⣬ʱôעţЩˡ
ȻҶû뵽ȥϾҶ˼ͲΪ֮ΪҶ˼ơ
һôУҪҶҼЦ˵
Ҳ⣬ͷͺȺˡ
һĻ˿ֳƺã
ھƾϯҶ˼;ϯ֮µĴ塣
Ҷ˼޵µıӰٿԵꡣһŵļȴС˽š
̲סˣ
ȣҲѹ֣Ϊһ͵ں׳ЩҶֻ֪ԹүȴǵˡһθǲԴٺõƢҲŭˡ
׳ԺƽˡԼҺܼҪˣ
ôһδϯǸЩ壬ҪɽˡҶ˼ŮǴϢѡ

۷׷ףĿתҶ˼漴ֿһһʮɻ˵ֻҺɻǣΪʲôѡĴһҶĶӣ
Ҳ벻ͨҶҶ˼ȥƣȻǰҶƵǰ̨ĴˡҶ˼ҲˣҶεºܡ
ˣҶ˼ͲѡĴˡҶǡѵû֣Ŀһֱ𣿡
ˣѡˣΪʲôѡĶһڹɻ֡Ϊʲô
ںȾƵ㣬ȴ֪ǰǰ̨˿ġ㻹ΪҪЩ˹Լ



217 ˭۸ɱ˭
㣡ûɣ
еľûٺȣȵǣһȥȻһƵ˼ûУĵ̾һþ
ãȥȻûƵ˼ȴǵĺܡ
ãʹмӣЦһλöл㣬Ҫ㣬ܼȫ¶ҪѪϴˡ
ЦЦ˵Ҷ˼ùͣ
ЦЦĵȻ˵˭ĹͣһǰߵҶ˼Ц˵˴ллˣ
Ҷ˼촽ͬʺ촽³ת常ˣҶ˼ЩȻģ
ҡҡͷԺҲСһЩ£ѧĺ£ǲŹǡ
Ҷ˼һǲԼֻҪԼҶҼ̳˵ݣѧͲҶԼ֡㲻ֻͬһҼҶѧҪֵĻεס
㿴Ҷ˼˫ﲨתˮҡҡͷڻûʱԸҡҲҶԸҡ
˵˵ĶԣȻ˴ݺҵûѧˮʥʦڼ£ԽյҲѧΥʥʦǰȫģõѧǶ֡ѧĶͬᱻƣͻϾѧðʥʦֵա
˵ͷʱָɡ׳ǲƿءѧһʲôпܱץѱҪ˵ʥʦһ״Ӳù
ѧĵҲһʥʦûץݺ֤ݡǲʥʦûлɣ£ҪС£
ѧȻԸ㣬Ҳɾ衣ں˺ܶ࣡˵
εʼ磬ô˶˺ޣֱûˡ
ʱҲЦ㣡ţ˭۸˭˵㣬ҪҪʲôҪʲôǣеҶ㡣
һ仰ϲõŵȻ˵ں׳ǺߣҲˡһ仰ðնֵˡ
̷ģҲģֱӴӦˬֲõԤСرͷǴе֪ʲôˡɣ᲻ῪڰĸۡҪȥ
ҺõǣʱûҪۡĴ㣬ٺ˵һ󣬾ͺҶ˼һ뿪ܼҡ
Ｘȥ㣬㵽ſڣſֱۺݺݵӵһ£˵Ҵûɽʶôȷһ顣
ǰ˼ɬ꣬ļ򣬶˵ȥɣ
ͷ֪֮Ժ˵лĻˣҸҸ㣬ǰܼ崫СʱϣҲ
Ҳ㵡
׵˼ǣ˵
ͷҲҪô¡

뿪Ի¥ϣ˳ŴҶ˼ıӰ˵һɲŮòĸо
һԻ˵˵ʲôʮ꣬ҪǴȥҶ˼жӰ죿
ԻڨڨЦֻ˳һ˵ﵱ氡
˳˵ҲУ˵ο
𣿡ҲһȤЦСӻ湻󵨵ģԼС㶼͵ǰ;֪Ǽһô
Լֻһ۵ðæʱҪݣҪΪͷ
Цİɣ㵣絣һġɲɵӣа취ͬ⡣
һ㶣㲻ͬһϵֵⶼܽյ⵹̫
̸Цʱ˵ѡҵĴˣûв
Ͻҡͷĵ
ЦЦ˵һʵһЩվܶ࣡㾡ҵĶӣȴﲻ̫ࡣ㲻ͬϼ޻ҲѶá
ϼ޻㣬ʹĵ˵ͷΪȻ
һεı֪׳ǻҪԼУЩѧҪˡӻϽأֻ㡣οֻܱ㡣һңҪûһĵλǺܶ˶ɱ˵
ףף﹧˵
׾ãǽύ㣡꽫ɾͿ϶ֻôһ㡣кôҪ˼ӵݡݱ󣬵ϣ翴˵ĻһԵԻһ£û뵽˿㡣
ţһģͷ
ˣ˵ȥ׼ɡȥܼ崫УȻʱʵ㣬һΪ㰲źõġ˵
﹪ȥ
ﵹûбĹ竵Ϣ˵ġԻЦ˵
Ц˵ҪӵܵëҲͲˡʹ֮ӡСӣɲݵһ¡ûҲǲ𣿻Уûְ֮ɡԣҲԼݡȻȲ㣬ϻǺܺõġ̫𱰸С
үΪˣҪʲôԻ˵
ЦʲôҪֻҪΪͷУ˭۸Ҿʰ˭
Իһ㶣Ļ
ԺˣҲ͡
ԻͻȻ̫Ҹˣʲô˭۸ͶԸ˭ˬԺں׳ǻǺҲ˸˵

Ȼ㲢֪Ĵ㡣ܸҲòŻңҶ˼ǰլӡ
Ҷ˼ԭ׼ȥģǱţֻܺһȥլӡ
Ҷ˼һů񣬴ûꡣŲԸſҶ˼˼ֻǣţǣôΣǲپʲôˡ
ȥһҶҺòãҶ˼ͻȻ˵
ţתͷҶ˼Ҷ˼Ŷͷһ˿ҷĻ꣬Ͻ޵ĺ촽ҧţģ䡣
ôҶˣ˳Ҷ˼޵ĺ촽¿ز߸ͦ𣬱Ľ㽫޳ȱ۾žܸо˵ջԣ̰Ŀһо˶Ҫˡ
϶ҪһȥҾܾˡһ˻ȥġҶ˼ҧź촽ɢ˵Ϣ
ȻһЦҶ˼˵˼˵ھͰˣǲǿҶ˼Ϊұļ
Ҷ˼˲ɫΣһ۵˵˵ʲôСƨ֪Ϲ롣
ʼ˭Ҷ˼Ļô⡣
㵽ȥȥҶ˼оԼֻܹǿƵĵ˵
ȻҶ˼룬ȻҪȥˡ˵ţͻȻͣҶ˼Ŀֱֱ˵ҴûܾҶ˼㡣
Ҷ˼һ㶣漴һֶԽԽˡѹСᱻƭˡ
ЦЦҲ͡


218 Ҷҵ
С㣡ԺðˣҶ忴ź㲢˵ЦûлָЩҶ˼ʧУû뵽ȴȥôΣյ顣ҺһνҳɹˣҪҶ˼ʲôĻҶ˼ĸĸ
Ҷ壡֪ˣѾظʮˡҶ˼żֵֽСŮģ㿴Щѣĵһ顣
ҶҶ˼ˣֻεҡҡͷһ㡣Ҷ˼ֻź˵̾һǲҪҶ˼Զһ㡣ȥҶ˼ԽԽΣա
С㣡һȻøΪŮҶڲҲò֣һζүȥ㻹ǵСһЩҶѵ
ţ֪Ҷ˼һֱҪ̳֮һݣһҲ⡣
Ҷ˼·Ϻ˵˲ٹҶҵ飬̤׳ʵĽ֮һ𵱳׳ǵʱ򣬶ż̾û뵽⼸̤ˡ
˸ո̤һˬʵ𣺡ҶֶŮˣ
㶨ۿȥҶҼЦӭ˹ֻҶ˼ȴûбܿ۾
࣡ĵһĵֵزҲһ־硣
ѽҲˣҶҼҶ˼ߵ㣬΢΢һ֮ϾͿĴк
ҶүһССļҶɵӵĳƺЦ˵
Ǻǣ͵ƾһƣӵĳƺ͵ġҶҼҪǲ֪ˣΪôá
㲻˵Ŀ⿴ҶҼ󣬼վӣһŶʮңһŶʮꡣĵϾ֪˵ݣҶҼӣĽҶգСĽҶҰ
ý㣡ã˼ǿߣʶһ¡ҶտҶ˼Цûһ˿϶
Ҷ˼һҶգȻһЦĵʵʲôǿߣ
ý㲻֪𣿳Ժһǰ˵Ҷ˥Щ̳ҲһһЩǿ߽ԺýûõϢ𣿡Ҷվȵʵ
㡭Ҷ˼ŭΪʲôҪˣԭΪˡǣûϢҶ˼붼룬֪ϢҶռ˷ˣҪһֲ
ȻҪǳԺһ˶ûҵǶӡ½١Ҷ˼ܵסħצΪҶҳԺԵʡҪǳԺΣˡ
Ҷ˼һĶҶҼһ嵹Ǵĺ̡
ǺǣҶֶŮ˵ʲôôҶҼΪȻҶֶŮˣǾȥԺɡóԺǵĳɹ
ߣҶ˼ҧ촽ʱȥǿߣֶȥϳԺͶЩɿǽһزù
Ҷ˼ΪѵʱȴЦҶ˼㣡ȻҶҼˣǾȥɡ㲻ҪȻҶʺĵط
Ҷɫһ䣬û뵽˸ҶʺȻҶѾȲǰˡҲǺ׳׳۵Ľ֮һ
ʲôˣҶҲģߣҶ˵һݺݵĳ˹
İƻδϣͱֵ˹ȥһ£Ҷһ䣬͵ı˳ȥֱ໽вѡҶҰȥҶյֱԿɼٶȺ
ҶȻһҶҲ˵ʹģǸССͽ䡣Ҫ㻹Ҷ֣Ҿ۶ֱۡ㿴ҶЦ
㡭Ҷŭر˵ֻһҶʱŭʮ㣬һҶȻҶҶ֡
Ҷո׼ˣȴҶҼϵȥ
ףҶҶջδ˵꣬ͱҶҼһۡһҶûƢֻܱź׵ֱ¡
ҶҼҶղʵģĵȻϲ㡣ȴìټǰȻһҶɲһͨļҶһУаҶ˵˼
ҶȻǿ󣬿ȴͺ׳ǵΪСδŪʲô˼֮ǰ˭ָҶҶ
ӵǺðҶҴҶҵˡҶҼһ
ЦҶǲ˵ЦˣﶯִҶҵˣңҵһ¶ѣƤ̫һס
ҶҼЦ⣬˿ΪģһȻҶֶŮˣǾɡҲ뿴循ɻмֱ¡
һҶʶġ۾ҶҼ

Ҷ˼һݵ㣬΢΢üͷ˵ʱ򲻸õҶգ
Ҷ˼ǵҶˣЦſҶ˼漴ЦҶ˼֪ʵ𣿡
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷǿ
죡ЦҶ˼㻹𣿡
ʲô죿Ҷɴ۾Ŀ㣬𵱳Ǹ֮ûﵽ꣬ǲš
ҲҶľȣ΢΢Цڻ𣿡
ʲôʱˣҶ˼ͬʵ𺳵ЩѣȻ֪ʵû뵽ôǿԭΪϴζԸľǴֲʵǿҲѡ
մﵽãЦλܵҶˣѵܴﵽ֮ɣֻҪﵽ֮ҾͲ¡
Ҷ˼ȻҶ֮ϾǿѾһˡһݵλܼԦǣҶҪԦ֮
ǺǣİɣҶ˼ƣֻ壬㷢ֶҶ˼ԽԽûֿˡ
а쵹ǲҶյˡһδˣҪȻǴһֲҶ˼һ

Ҷ˼˵ʱֱ۵ҶĿ㡣ĵҪնɱǧ飬ȴò
ٵһȵ˳ϣҿ㻹ôЦĳһΪʤҶ˼ԼıﶼȥˡҶ

ˣҶ˼һǶ˵㶨ۿȥ˲ٵˡЩУΪ׵ɢŵϢĿעһ£Ȼﵽ˾֮
ҶҳԺλϡҶ˼͵
ձ벻ҶЩ˰䣬ó֮Ц
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷҶұеǿֻ֮Ǹ˿ġҶһ֮֮ϵľҲС
Ҷ˼Ļĵ׾û뵽Ҷҵֲ̿˵ز
Ǻǣ˵ˣЩ̫ϳһ㲻֣ʹҲûмֻǰ˵Ҷ˼Ц
˵ͷĿתƵǶϡʱҶմż˽뵽Ƕ
һҲҶ˼˽ȥôһܰܡ


219 򹷰
Ҷ˼ҶգҶҰҶҵֱϵѪм̳˵ʸҶҵĽҪǣҶңȴͬҪ㡣ԳԺžһµʱߡ죬ͿǵĳɹĵһϿҶ˼˵ƽͣޱϲ
ϵĻɻҶ˼˵ϴβ˵ҵһȡ̳ʸΪʲôֵܻǼ̳ˣ
Ҷ˼ҶҰشǼȻԸɱȫˡҪ볤ԺȡҶҰʸѣ
Ҷ˼ĻҶ˼Ҷһı˿ɣҪǵû֣Ҷ˼һȡʸ
ҪһΰˣֻΣҶ˼
Ҷ˼˿̨ϵĳϣ˵ȻڰҼ̳˵ݡȴҶճͷЩ֮һֱż̳˵ݣһֱѹҪͷǡ
Ҷ˼ĻȻû˵ĵȴף˵ͷҶ˼۵֣΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҷ˼İɣһζʤˡ
Ҷ˼˵ʱλ˵һ¹ȥˣôͿǵĳɹɡ
ǣϣҶչһĿ⿴˿ҶҰҶҰͷ漴Ѱǿһ߽г˵ǾͰˡ
үˣӦģ˵꣬ǶƱӿֲϯһ쫷磬ϢѹȵЩʵ΢¶֣Ͻ˺󼸲
̨ϳ¶΢ЦҶҰͷʵΪҶһ
лϿ佱ҶҰųϹһ
Ҷ˼ҶգȻҶҰһ߳ô˭ȥһ볤ʵ
ϣΪ󣬻ýȰɣҶտҶ˼
Ҷ˼һ䣬׼˵ʲôȴסȻҪŰͳȫǡ
˵̤꣬ŽǶȥ
㣬СһЩҪǶԸ˾ͻ̳˵ĵλҪҪνˡҶ˼˵
ЦЦ㲻Ҫ̳˵ݣҲǿˡ
ߵǶһǰߣ漴̨Ϲ˹֣˵ĻһƬȻһ͵㣺ǲۻˣһҲ˵
Ҷ˼ڵˣ㶵㣬û뵽Ͼ˵һ뺷Ļ϶ˡ
㡭Ǹĳһ⣬һ˵ëû룬ȻϷ򡣵ȵȱ˺˶û˾ȵ㡣
Ͳóϵˡû˺һ˵㲻ֻ۾ˣ۾ˣһֱҶүʹѲǶؿζʱҪüĿ顣Ц⿴ˡ
Ҷ˼㵣ΪʲôͻȻ˵һ仰ﳤϡԭҶպ֮è壡Ҷ˼ԭΪҲģȴû뵽Ҳ߹
СӣϣֽҲϺһҲ㣬ְɣ
㿴ڲƵ¶һֱġȻЦ˼ҵ㻹ôҲգǾ㡣һо飬һ԰
˵꣬һӣԶɨϵһӾС
ǰ꣬Ȼ˵һжԸЦһʮֲмһ˵۶ֽš
˵꣬Ϊȭ䵽ȭ֮ϣһȭݺݵ˹ȥȭ֮һƿ֮䣬԰Ե
㿴õһȭӵЦЦСѣҶĴ򹷰
˵꣬ڵȫ䵽ľ֮ϡǸľĹ£˲ıֹҪӲźȭͷһֱɨ˹ȥ
ꡭ
һ֮ͬʱľҲϳءոһȭˣʱȴеķɳȥݺݵڵ֮ϣڵϣٴμڵϾȻͬһ㣬Ҳ
һĻ˶㶵Ŀ㡣˭Ҳû뵽һߣȻֻһоͱԷˡ
ôܣ찡
ǣŵϵһšҶ˼ԭŵҲҲЩɻ󣬾ǰʵҲһӾͳ˰ɡ
Ҷ˵ˣƫƫšڳԵ˰ɡ㿴¶׵һ޺㡣
ǰؿڣϼٴ𡣶һɷ죬˵ѡĵȼǰ죬ǱȴҲ˶١һ죬εסȫһͲκλˡ
ɣһȥڵϵͷ˳ȥֱֱķҶҰɹٶȣҶҰͷ󺧣жȻϽˡ
ûп߷ɳȥǰĿתһλֵĳϣЦϣû˵ĹȻ۲۾ǲǻˣ
ߣϺһĿ⿴ҶգҶ˵Ҷգ
ǣϣҶչ漴ߵһӵ˵ͷڴʦͿˡ
Ҷүģӵͷ̨ϣĿ⿴㣬ѹȥ
ֲƺ㣬һ֮£ХϯѽǶĻҳһɨ⣬Ļҳɫ˱䣬Ӻȵʮ죡
ɫżأʮѾвһСģͻᱻԷʰˡ
ʮ춥壡ӿ㵭˵ֻҪδﵽ֮͹ذɡ
ʮ춥壿Ҷ˼ɫͬ䡣Ѿ㲻ֹǿһˣĶ֣
Բѣƾʮ춥ʵҲ֮㾡ܹ˼ɶԷԷ仰ʮӡ
Цƾʮߡ
ͷԷȻʮ춥壬ҪնɱʮߣȴҲѶȡϾԷҪܵĻҲѶԸǣȻ˵ɱ˲ʮߡǱԷʲôʽ֮ġ˱еҪֲ
Ҷ˼仰̲סһ
㿴Ҷ˼һۣȻ֪ʲô˼ǽԼҪðգ
ǿҶյĵĿ⣬һĵ׸ǲ䣺ʮ춥ΣҾͻ㡣
㣡Ҷ˼ЩˣԳƵսܴȥ
Ҷ˼ЦЦڶԷϣĵʮСġǰһУʱʵкܴѹ
֪Ӻһżӡ꿴ȻǿǾԲ졣ʵʰ׾١ⳡԳƵĶԾʮֲм


220 
ڴʦ¸ʲô۶СӵֽšҶȻ㣬ֻΪոҪҶ˼ܣʮֲˬ
ҶȻҶ˼̳˵ĵλĶ޲ɷŮȴ롣ֻԼֶ֪εҪȡλáõλãҶ˼ȡ
үģӺһӿֱۣƻ۳ֱֲ˦䣬һ̽Եĺ㡣
̽ԵĹ̺ǿֲһЩС˸Ͻ
һ㹥ȭͷ裬ֱֱĶȥһȭ֮£Է֧飬ĴŰ
ɢҲŭջ۳ޣȥĪơͬʱӵֱҲһȭֱĿڣٶ֮죬Ϊ֮զࡣ
˿סĵΪ֮岻ѡҶ˼ҲֱֱĶ㣬дżֵɫʯϸˣ
ɸߴޣɫأҲСӣڵӿӡϽܵ۵ȭȭݺݵĳԷ޶ȥ
ȭ޵צӶһ𣬿ֲһ𣬾俪ڽǶϣֲĺĻҳƮʯΧ۵һˡ
һЩĽһЩˣʯϣ˲һѪѪҺӿ
һȭ£ȻѶԷ޳׵ĸ顣
ߣȻܺ۵ޣĵͬΪ⡣һֻУɱȭͷ޺ȭͷһȭݺݵĺȥ
㣡
Ҷ̲סһ㣬ողŽ¶ԷޡﻹǰȥסԷԵȭͷӵֺһȭ㵲¡
ǾעУ㲢û¶еľʧ롣ǴһЦָһ㣬һ⺮
ĺ£һӶȥͶԷȭͷһ
䡭
һͬʱ˳ȥӿǰ꣬вȲѣոһ˿ڰ
ʿĿ㣬ɫҲһءոյĽˣʵžңҪǼһߵȼʿʵʹˡ
̨ϵĳҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ʮҵ꣬ȻһʿɿҶ˼һۣ֪Ҷ˼꣬ʮߺʿ϶ﵽ˵زļֵ֪
ϧˣҶ˼Ǽ̾һѾͶ˼ȻΪ롣ԽǿԽҶ˼õôֻлٵˡҪȻүҪõΨһ̳˵ĵλ͸ˡ
ˣǾĴһɡĶ㣬Ҳ̽㡣ȻЩ˼ɣɲϣϾǵĵȼ༫
ҲôģЦһֱһӣУӶ֮ɱݱ鲼ӰХ
ӼˣЦһС
˵꣬һѴУӶ֮󿪴ϵڶԵԡ
ŶԷĵɫءոպͶԷһУ֪֮ǰ༫󡣸ոնԷδȫʩչʮֵҪǶԷȫĻ͵סˡ
ŶԷ԰Եĵĵ״ⲻͶԷӲϣԶԶĶ֡
ն
Ӵһڵӿϴ󵶣ֻݺݵն˹ȥն֮£ռ䶼˵
Ҷ˼סֽţһ˫ˮһգգ
Ӱһ࣬㿪ԷһӲ滮ĽǶȣӴ˹ȥ
Ӳ˹󵶻һȣ㲻ò
ҵҪ˼УӴżӣڵǲӿ󵶴Ŵϣֲ֮㳹ױѹơ
Ҷտ㱻ѹƣĵ״ϲڴʦģɵСӣ
ҶΧ˷ܵĺţΪǵȴЦѡȻȵռϷ磬ǰķӦٶ̫һ֣ԷܿˣȫѹƶԷȴκβ˶Է
ҾͲţһӶȥŭһлսǿݡ
ĵͬأһ˿ġܽŵķӦٶԶԶǿˡȫѹȥҲǳ顣ҪʤԷԷֲսʤġ
㵹ܽԪնѹԷһǣԪնһһ˿ҪǱԷĻ׶༪ˡҪǣ֪ŴûʹãθҶðԪն
ģҪ취öԷ¶Сһ䣬а˼
㣡СģҶ˼һУͷһӰǾˣɸоֱһȵʹ
ŤͷһۣΪոյķ񣬶ԷĴ󵶲ֱ۶ֱ۳һǳѪۣѪҺȾ
˵㲻һֱĿġһֱۣһξĴȡӴżֵ⡣
ԷĻһֱʩչ˼Ƶ˵ҲôġֻҪһȡ
ԲѣӺһٴ㿳ȥ
ֱܿۻʹٶȼ˲٣Էһֿ㡣
ȥˡֹһӵĴ󵶣һ취󵶸һﵶ£κβ
ĵ׻ҶôҵߣȻǴѪĥģսˡ
һѨеӿܵǣʼǰһУڱе£ܵ¶Ҳϵ½Ҳ΢΢üͷ
۵ıУӴ󵶻裬鲼㣬εİΧ
ӡѾϽԽԽ࣬ڱе£һЩзתɢź⣬Ӷȥ
һУҶҪĴ󵶡Цָһ㣬ָ㽭ɽζ
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ߣЦһȷʵ˼ɡĴ󵶣ǲ̫Բˡ
ϡ
ӵĺ£â䣬űгȥ󵶺ͱгһ𣬱ľס˵۾ֵΧ۵˶ֻǱǰһĻ𺳡
˵ȴ˭ʤ˭ʱܻŭ𣺡ɣ
һ仰һ㶣ĶųУ֪ʲôܻ


221 Сʩֶ
һг䶨ʱ˿ǰһĻڴƬ̲֮סһЦ˳Ц£ܵЦԽԽ󡣣Ҷ˼ųУֳһΣ̲סһۣһ仵Сӡ
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ɣĶ㣬ŭ⣬ܹơǣȴô
ҶôˣЦֻĵȴӣԷӦ졣һȻ㿪û˵
ߣӺһĶ㡣뵽˵ĶĴ󵶣ԼʩչǻӣɱȴĿ¡ҪӦ죬ľͰڶԷⱰɵļ¡
һոĵ˵ҪȡĴ󵶣ע϶ʹлɳãͺ޵ֱҧ
Ķ㣬һڵӿҧгݵĿ˵һ㿳Ƭġ
˵꣬һһ鲼䵲еĳϲϵĻڽǶϲ֡
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żֹ˼ɵģĴˡҪҶҵĻưոݣ
뵽Ҷ˼ܣʮꡣҶҼʹǰȥֹڴʦ뷨̫ǱˣʹðűǺ޷ϵҲֵõġ
ϾھбɱģҲֱ׳οҶҲô۸ģҪΪԭֵĻҶЩµĳϣ϶Ӳ뵽⣬ҶҼǺ޲úڴʦܰɱˡ
ŶԷƣ΢΢üͷһɢļ¹âĵͬȻĵװԴ⣬Ҳк£ǵסġ
ѹնɱҵġģһȻĴСǲڵƷɡ
һ䣬Ԫնܵסǣ㲢붯һСȥһ֮ʮ֮⣬ҪǰԪնһնɱԷҾɱ˶ԷҪҶղҪһô죿Ҷ˼ֻ
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ߣȺǧ
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б¾ɱңЦ͵Ĵǰ
ǰʱҶϺѪɫŵ˶ʧǵĴܵķڵλãȻʱһξ롣ʵನ׵İն롣
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һ֮£һټƣеĵסһ£⳹ҲĺһѪҺ³
㵽Ͽ϶һУû뵽ôɡʮ춥ĿֲһȻͱĻ⡣Ǿ֮
ҶͬҲû뵽֮ǿֵزֱǷ˼֮ǰԾһȻͱĻ⡣
˴ĿҶҳϣĵ𺳲ѡ
Ȼ𺳾֮ĿֲȴûʰһӡҶҳϺ֮һݺݵĴ˹ȥıѾõһѾ˥ߵֵܵסģһֱϣ̴ȥ
ڶԷĲҽ£һɨ˹ȥߵӵؿڣ߷ڵء
ŶԷҵصʱһڶԷϣ˶ԷĽŽҶ˵ֻҪһȶѡǾֻҪһȡ
һ֮սĿӣһҺõģ
ɣǿžۣɫѪɫĿ㡣
ʼ˵仰ҪǴġ׳˭֪һ꣬ųƼҶСӡ
仰һ㵣⵽жƤô޳ܵ󣬻ԼǾӡ
ûٹܶԷŽϡһмѣ㻹ϣתͷϣЦ˵ϣǲǴҶ˼ʤ
ߣϻδ˵ҶվͺߵⲻǳϰֶѣñɵֶӮˣҶû˻ϵġ
ŭˣʤˣЩ쵰ô˵ʹñɵֶΡ
ŭųϣһ㣡ҪֵĻ˵Ļᡣ
ϱŭĴԭأ޷һڽʤ֮󣬻ܶȸ״Ҫ
Ҫңͱɱˡ˵
˵߲ѣҶʵ죬ʵܶԸҡ㲻֣Ҳ׵ʰҪ㲻ŵĻٺҴ
һ仰ҶպҶҳϲûѪϽŽˣδ´˵ĳڡ
Ķ˵һ˵ǲǣǾ˼ʤˡ˵ʤ֮󣬼һ̳ܵõһƣǾͽɡ
ֱ۵㣬תͷҶ˼Ҵ۽磡ôӵļҶϷ򲻽ѵ浱Լһ
һ仰Ҷ˼󺧣׼˵ʲôȴϣżζų˵˼ǣСĴˣϵҪˣ
Ҷͱŭˣʱ˵ôࣺϵĳΡ
ЦҶ˵ȻǾϣ㲻ڡϼһ㲻ҪǾͿ㱾ˡ
ĻõһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㡣


222 Ű
Ҷ˼˶Ŀ㣬ʱôƳϡһ֮ǿƵģȹҲ࿴ǣƣҶҳϾ۶ֱۣҲûʲô˵ġ
Ҷԭʰ㻹ѣŵĻϾ˷ĿƵĿųϣͲΪ֮ĳֵ˻
Ȼ仰£Ҷҳɫ࣬ŭ㣺֪СҾʹĳúõĽѵ㡣
˵꣬ѹȥֲѹ£ʯʼƾ辫֮ƾʯˣҶ˼ɫһٱ䣬ҧ׼ҶҳϵʱȴеЦһӵĿҶҳϣƣ϶Ųɡ
Ҷ˼һ˿ų̸Ц㣬һۣžϲϱѹʯΪʲô¾Ȼɣ
ҶҳͬüΪ֮ѹ£֮͵ֵסǰ꣬ȴһʮֲ⡣
ߣ
Ҷҳϼһĺ£һɰԵϢȥѹϣµʯ˲ѿΪĵ㣬ȴδ𣬾վ˿Էϡ
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ݣҶҳϺһޱʵӿƱӿ£ռ䷺һռһѹϢʹĺԶˣо˳
˴͵ǣڳеȴûбɫɴżζ㻹ǿһ𣿡
Ҷ˼ҶһۣеľʵѹȵľʯѣرЩӲʯֵסȴվβ𺳡
ģСôģѵһֱװɣﵽ֮ҶҧŭһȴζԸﵽ֮
㿴ǰǺҲһ˿ƵҶҳϣ㵭˵˰ɣֵˣ
㻰£ϱһɷƣӿ磬籼ڵĽһҶҳ϶ȥƱ£¡¡ڶ˵飬շĹɹҶҵ˶ԭء
Ҷҳϸɫ䣬ǲ֮ɫ֮ܣԲܡ
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ҶҳϸǾ֣ԭΪֻ֮ڿ϶ǲֹˡѵǣǿһ֮
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ҶҳѾﵽһǵĶ壬ʵԷѹƣԷƶˡ޷Է׶ǿ
ôڵϲˣ㲻ҪҸĸúýѵ𣿱پ͵ѵͿûֱˡżζעҶҳϡ
Ҷҳѹ£ܶѹǺ죬ĵֵƣ˿ҪһɾĻͱѹĹͷȫѡ
е㣬һһ㣬һҶҳϣÿÿһڳҶľ޷ǺεʵǸ߸ûеֵĳϱģ
Ҷ˼ͬΪƭ˵ǰ죬Ǿǰ졣ǰһĻôͣ壿
Ҷ˼ɻ󣬶һҶҼǲš޷һʮ꣬ѹһ֮龰Ƕô𺳡ҶҼͻȻЩףΪʲôˡ
ǴСĳϵ𣿲֪ûϵΪͷҪûеĻǾͱˡ۾Ҷҳϡ˵ĿУָ߸һҶҳϳ˹ȥĶ˵Ķһ͵ҶңҶҵĳϺܹĴҶҵļԴҲ˰һˣȻ˦һ⡣
úõĳϲ˼ҵ߹
㻰˵꣬һ˹ȥ
ҲͰˣҧˡ
˵꣬һȥ
ҧ˾ҧˣҲܼ˾ҧҶ˼ôƯȻ֪ϧ񡣱Ҷ᲻֪ˡ
ڰͬʱҶ˼ɫ˺죬ɺݺݵһۣһҲ˵˵
иո͵Ҷ˼㣬ģҪ͹ĿȻ۾͵͵Ů˵ˡ
˵ôͰأΪʲôŮˣ
Ҳˣͷֲ棡

Ҷҵһűȵĺ׵Ҷҳϣޱȵͬ⣬Ҫ⡣ŮҪ֣ǳܾ
ȥƺҲ۵ˣʱϵѾˣЩѾȵĸɸɾˡ
ǣ㲢ûдŹֿʼһŽҶҳ߹ȥÿһ£֮Ҷҵ˿ʮ־壬ҶҵһλҪӪȣǿ罭ӱڵƣĿ⿴Ҷҵߴȴﲢû״һλüͷͷð亹
ѵ̫ϳҲƫĳ
λԽԽܣ̫ϳһֱظϲ֮Уڵ̫ϳϵĳĬǲǾ˼
£ǵűĳʱ̲סԹҶҵ˱Էô۸飬Ҳܱﰡ
λȻ֪һ̫ϳûг֣һԭ
㿴һҶߴһۣ˼ҶҳϺͣ˵ߵıҶˡܻҶͲƽ͵Ҷ˼ˡ
Ҷ˼ĺɫκ죬֮ŵ۾ߵһҶҳϣҲ֪ǻһĻҶ˼ɵϾҶңҶҵĳϴԺҪǡ
ǣҶ˼ĵ鲢ûзͬӱڵҲ˻ȥջȥͬʱָϹƣ׵紩С
˭ģһ۾һܡ
Ŀ֮һߵ˳ȥǺƵġ


223 
ĿɨһߵʱľʱһĵĴ˵ĶУҶ˼
Ȼ󣬵ǴĪơ仰ҶϲѣľҲ˼֣ƲƲ죬Ҷ˼ȴҶ˼˵ͷ
㡣Ҷ˼˵һεûִҪҶ˼һȥ
Ҷ˼ͷ֪Ҳܾ̫ϳϣͶȥһĵ̤Ÿ̨ȥҶտһĻ΢΢üͷһµ̫ϳΪʲôҶ˼̫ϳӦȰѵһ˵
Ҷ˼ʧУĿתҶա
ҶռдżζЦݣĵ͵һӺҪܣǻδ߼ͱץסҶ΢΢Цүʲôʶôãûһ¸ءߣǺúõ̸һ̸
Ц棬崺ƵáǣżҶȴľոǿҲʶˣ̲סӿ亹
Ҷүӱôֲϻһ㡣Ҷյ壬ʾɡ
ǱһģҶոǾӽšеĴҪϻү£޳ܵļһ֪ʲô顣
ǸӣܷܲſҡҶЩˣҲû취£òͷ
үŭҶգܻ˵ʲô˼Ҷ˼ܵܣ׽һЩѵҲɣߣӶҳֵܣȻңҪǲһͱҷ쭡
˫۵ɵͭһƺΪҶղ׽ŭƴϱȭͷţ͹ԣҧгݵעҶգж˵˼
ҶռȭͷҪϽ˵챿˵ȻǺԸ׽ģûпӵ˼
˵ոô㶼ҪҷſȻǿңȾļ򡣡ŭѡ
ҶռȭͷҪûп޳ʵҪһȭɲϵˡ
ôԸңҶմŲ˵
֮϶ģҡ׼˵ʲôҶվʹϣӽָȡһͨ㡣
һμӣûʲôñʾģһ͵ӵļ񡣡ҶóͨʱɫҪ޳ˣʱﻹ֪թ
ԭܻı˲ʧǺƣʹҶյļҶ⼸֮£۵ҧгݡ
Ҷô˼أȻ㶼ͳˣҾΪѵ°ɡ۾Ҷգ漴ǺЦȻҲһҶү
ããҶպ޵ֱҧȴûа취֣֮߸롣ǿ֮ĳϡûȨ޵ֻţ
Ҷ˵Ҫ۾һɣĶҶ˵ôܲҪأߣ˵Ҫ㶫ȴ񡣱˻˵̰ͼСһҪ׼Ҫ
Ҷ˵Դǣֻܵͷ˵ǾͶлˡ
ת磬ЦĿҶ˵˵ǧͶëء֮ǰôĸ飬֮ڵľ̫ˣѧϰ˹ˣһصĶëҶӽɡ
˵꣬ȻĲ֪һë
ҶսӹݹĶëĵȴﲻֹݣԼһһëǸˡ
ҶȻĵװʺǧٱ飬ȴһЦ⣬ֻЦݱȿ޶ѿ
ҶӣոպܱǸһ㣬ִҪҪҰΣ۾ҶգһǸ
ҶһϽջֵ֣òãһС˶ѣµģϢһ¾ͺã
ҶղûޣҪεĻֱۻ֪ûС
㻹׼˵ҶոϽ˵ӣˣһһЩûˣ⡣
˵꣬ҶҲش𣬿첽ܶ뿪ߡ
Ҷˣɲֹһѵ뽻ѣһôôأ
Ĳֹ£ĿֲתҶҰҶҰĿתһϽ˵Ҳ£һͨ񣬽Ͳˣپۡ
˵꣬ҶҰһͨϽߡ
ҶҰ첽ߣ㼱Ҷүܰ
ôһҶҰܵĸˡ
㿴ҶҰҲʧУ̾һ˿еĶëʮյ˵һûлأⲻڲ𣿡
뿪ֻܰĿתҶҵˡǣĿոתǣЩһɢټľȻһ˶û£㵲ѡ
Щ˵ΪʮֱģûˣָֻܰУϣ˴ζлˡ
ǺǣСӻҿʲôҲҪץʱʵСﵽ֮ǿҡϵĶ
ǵøϽԲСҵٶȻ졣ҪڴﵽԲͬҪʱ䡣ȥ׷ϰϡЩġ
Ȼٶȼ죬һڴﵽʮ졣һǽĻѾˡǣ˵ԶԶġرǰϽ˴УٶȲñ
İ취У̾һ
ĻͬʮͬһҪΪǿߣǳȥ츳ȵ֮⣬ҪֻⶫҪһͣٶŻԵʡҪȻһʮ겻ʮ֮츳죬ҲǼѵġ
½һ仰粻ˣǾ̵ĵطȥɱ
仰ȥɱ˵Щطп˵һ˲ͳΪǿߣȻҲɱˡ仰ȻһЩȴ֤ܶࡣ
ϧڵʵ̫ҪȻҵ֪һЩطʵ˵
۾һź˵кϰҲУ
ҡҡͷҲֻ̫ܰ࣬壬ÿһγֶҪһʱ䡣Щطڵ״ܴġȻΪԵָ˲٣ɲӡ
ϵĻģϵʵ㣬͸˵ˡ
ϴ˴αչػָ˼ʵźϡ
ɣҡҡͷҵʺϵ˵ɡﵽ죬ܹƷ׵ôҵѾ֮ߵ׶ԸǾ仰þãöҵҶá
֪ͷһҪΪҶ˼Ҳᶯúϵ
ˣҼŬʵ˵꣬ٴγڽָС


224 ܼܵ
㣡ǲʶ̫ϳϣҶ˼ӸŹֵĿ㣬ʮ⣬Ϊʲô̫ϳô⣬һ䲻ȵ̫ϳϣʱҲֳһ˿顣Ȼֻһ˿ȴҶ˼治ѡԴ̫ϳҲǲ䲻ȵġ
ʶȻҶŰҶҳϣǺϵѡϸ㣬Ҷҳϡû˸Ҷ޼ɵ
ϸĽǣڸ̨ϵ̫ϳǵָһߡ
ںϵĻȻỳɣȷʵԼɢһϢغϢ֤ݡڿλ̫ϳ϶Ժʮֹģһ˿ϢȴҶ˼̬ȸĹۺܶˡ
治ʶ̫ϳϣҶ˼ɻĿ㣬ȻΪ˵ѡǣ̫ϳ϶Ĺע̫ɻˣҶ˼ã̫ϳ϶һֹҶ˼Ϊһִִȴֺʵ
Ǿˣ̫ϳһֱʹ飡Ҷ˼˵ΪıעԵʡ
ЦҲЦûܸͣܲǺϵԵʡϱϾһ壬ûҶ˼ǽҲ鷳ԾͲ˵ˡ
Ȼ֪Ҷҵ̫ϳϲϢ㵱һλǰĴˣŹмӡ֪ͬǣϵ㱬Ƶʱ򣬾ǳǡ
ΪҶ˼һͷܳڶΡҶں׳ҲһȻҪĳȫԸĻֲúáһѣԺҶλ¸ص̫ϳ϶Դ;Բ̫
㿴Ҷ˼еƣЦŶҶ˼˵ʤƣ
Ҷ˼ЦŵͷҲ֪ʲôԭ̫ϳϾȻҶҵһ̳˵ƸҡƵܶҶҵһҲҶ
Ҷ˼ĻЦЦһοҶЩ˿һˡҺǣҶҼΪʲôԺƿأ
ҸʱԺҸһְѳ֡ǲ֪ʲôԭҸĸͻȻʧųԺҲʧһ롣֮󣬳Ժ˾ͲˡҶҲǳȡĵλҪȻԳԺҸ׵ҳϣλþǿţҲܱȡ
Ҷ˼˵˶٣ּ˵ҲΪԭ򣬶ЩԲ˳ҶǿĳԺƿزˣκֻ
ȻԺ㸸׵ģΪʲô㱻۸Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷԺҶйѵֻܶԸˣܶԸҶҵաҲΪʲôü֮λȴûбԵʡЩһֱԺˣҲǿ߽볤Ժ³ԺҲһϯ֮ءȻҽѹȡԺһЩȻ˼Ҹ׵ӻһѡǰһΣΣܲܰΡżƣѹҼֱ׾١ԺԭǿҸ׵ӣڶǿ£Ҳֻܱ֤Ҽ̳˵ݡ
Ҷ˼ô˵֪ôӡ
Ҷ˼㣡ҿҶ㲻ҪҲգʼŮҲǸĶԸ㡣
Ҷ˼ЦЦûлشʱ򲢲ôôġ
ˣ˵Щˣǻȥɡ
ǻȥ˲䷴ӦʹĵͷԣǼȥ
ĻҶ˼޶ˣŤͷûĻ̵ֻ⻵Сÿһ仰벻ˡ

ʱת۾ȥЩ쵹ûһֱҶ˼ܶʱҶ˼һܸ
Ҷ˼һЦܣߵһˡ
һ仰Ҳһ˵Ҷ˼ȴɫЩ죬ԽԽˡ
ûע⵽Ҷ˼ĽߣҶ˼˵˴δҪȥܵأøһȥҲкô
壬ⲻ̫ðɡϾܼҵܵأһ¡
㻹δ˵꣬ͱϵ޷ҲˣܼҼȥȥǡ
˵Ҳûн飬˵ͷǾͶлˡ
ЦЦ˵Ҳ˵̫硣ܲܵõôͿǵ컯ˡǺﲻܼͬѪܼȻᴫҪõôͿˡ
˵⣬ǺǵЦһ˵˵㣬һõôļžųɡ
㲻֪ģô˵ĵҲһЩ
Ǿ׼˵ʲôʱȴҶ˼˵常ҾͲȥˣ
㲻ȥһ㶣ɻĿҶ˼
Ҷ˼˵ͷ˵˵диҲòһ˿ٺôͲȥˡ
˼ĿҶ˼һۣ𵱳õҶ˼һϢǰɣڿˡĻȥȥνˡ
ҲգȻ㲻ȥһȥɡ˴ҪܼйһЩŭڡ˵
ȻͷȴΪ⣬ڶˣôŭ
ԭʵҪܼ崫лЩѵġϾؾûһʵˡȥǲ¡㣬鷳ˡ˵
ģһעġ˵
ô߰ɡ˵ֱ꣬һӣ˾ڿն𣬼䵽ܸݶûзӦ֮ǰֻоԼХܵľɫϺˣǰҪ켸֡
ĵ𺳣ĵ׳ǵһǿߵݡ
Ҳ֪˶ãһǰƾɲɻ£˵ˣ
˵ֱ꣬һӣעУȻʮɣĵذ޷󵽵Ҫܷĵ档
һ֣̲סʵôǿΪʲôᱻѧ
ЦЦѧȻ£µʥʦǵҲΥҪ淴ĻʵԩģҲһ
ʥʦôǿĵ׾
򾩳ǵķ򣬶˵ΪƸΪ꣡
𺳲ѣĵΪʲôʥʦڵ۹ĵλôˡʥʦˣΪƿʥʦĻȨأкεȿֲ
ﱻ𺳵ˣЦ˵ǻᣬýͲᳬǡ
˵꣬Ҳ˻شֱۻӶ漴Ǹո״֮Сոս붴ڣ͸оһɳȵϢ



225 
ڵϣоȶ˵ˣ̤ŵĵطͬһպ壬ҪӦڽϣ˿һ¾Ľſ졣
Ӵ
ȴûõķӦٶȣ̵¶̵ļڵӿ˫ȣСİһֻ̧۵һƬѪĻݡ۵ֱ
Ǻǣ˷Ц㻹ǵøúѧѧ֮ʵ˵ҪʹģǷӦǾ͹ֲ˭ˡ
˵ֹһôܺȣ
һ漴ҡҡͷתͷ㡣ȴڴǽµλá
㼸˵Ľ£ɹ˷ڶ̤ŵһʯʯ󣬴ĸ򳡴СҪʯû㶼Ϊҽˡ
ܵصһڣʯŻᱻ濾ˡ͵
׵˼˵Ļȣһ˵ܴ̿ˮż־֡
ûлش𣬶Ƕ˵ͨǲĴﵽܵء°УڵܵأǸǻͿԼܵõܼʲôУͿ컯
˵ɻʵѵܴ󲻳ɣ
˵һռ䣬ϹŴġ˵󣬿ǴСȴȥ׳ǵ
ں׳ǵĭױ𺳵ˡ׳ж㲻֪Ϊ۹֮һŽӽǧ˿ڵͿ֪׳ж󡣿ǣĿռȻŲں׳ǵĴС
ռȿģʵ
ǣҡͷż˼˵һλͨǿ߿ٵĿռ䣡
¶ɻЦŽ͵ܼһλͨǿߵĵӡռ߸ӣȻǿߡ֮߸ػܵأǲ֪ʲôԭһλͨǿĪʧҲ߼Ҵػռ䡣߼֮ҲڿռнԼСռΪá˵ռ䲻ܼҡ
߼ң㶵ʵ˵ռ߼ңǻ˭
һ˵Ҳ߼֮һ
ʲôҲǣɴ۾Ŀ˵ĴܵǺһ
˵ףΪʲôΪССһ֤ݾͽҰɡ˵ʥʦûһλĵͷʥʦҲܼҡԼʲôҪǹ˼ɻ壬ǡ
кżֺͲм
ҪԸܼңɻʵ
ҡҡͷǵܼҡֻܼҪһ˿֮ģҲܼҡ֤ܼͬҰ֣Ҳһֱܼ׳ǡҲΪʲôѧݺңͽңҵһ֤׵֤ݣǾͷŹҵԭ򡣡
Ļ㲻̫⡣
ЦЩǲöȥռҲָܸʲôռȻдܣǵλȶҲҾ͸֪ʲôˡҲҪ˵Ҫ˵õĻҲܵõٺôһλͨʦүռҲ֪ʲôȴõıģУܵõһЩô
˵ͷ֪ˣ
ͷ˵ڿռ֮мûаյĵطҪҴЩطҶ̤㣬ҪҴĻʬǶ¡
󣬴һĵ״⣬׵ָʾܴк󣬾͸Ͻ
һҪעǣռ߼ġҲпܻȥУ˵ļʺСĻܿǡ߼УܼѾûˣʵֲǵĶ֣
ĵͷ£ŰջأĿ⿴µľ޴ʯ
עУһбŷ纣ˮһĿֲڻʯϣﾪȵǣڻʯϣûзһ죬Ǳʯա
ͬˮһĿֲӿ£ԭӲĻʯȻһУбǹ⡣ûҹǹһĹâ
âԽԽʢڹâﵽһ̶ȵʱʯһҲУǹֳ
ܿ죬ԭʯϣȻߵ㣬ߵɢǹ⣬ǹеϣ۳ɵ㻯ǡ
㿴ⷱǣ̲סڵǣ
㳹״ԭأǣȫǱǵзʽûбǡһĻѵɺϲɣ
ɵıǣűǱãâԡ
˱ǺһǳһжÿԼǾ仰˳ǿر㣬ӱȽϼӲռ䣬Ŭܵõرġ
Сֶ֪˵
˵Űһȥȥ󣬹âǣǹ⳹ͬʱʧģ㡣
뿪ҲͣŽµĻʯĬĬϣһܵõһλǿƵȴС
ܼûô꣬ŽŻָơǣһ岻ܵҪҲܴеһλǿ˵Ŭɲ߼֮ףǰϣɡ
Ϊ߼֮׵Ļ壬һεĽҡҡͷõ͵£ҪȻķУܼ֮Ҳߣ
˱ɣһռ䣬ո䵽ռͰĲҽм¶ֱۺϳ˼ĻݡȫȫĵסЩ˳
Աߵ㣬ͬȫǰһЩͬһ࣬ռĴŰ籩
ȥȭͷȥںɢЩʱĵҲȲѡЩĳÿһһټϻգһǶ֡
ΪʲôҪʵҪռȻǼѵġ
ΪסЩɳ˵㣡Ҹ˵ԽЩ壬һЩöԸ
ܴ壿۾һ
ͷţ˵ȻȲЧҲʮֲӲܿסĻܰһء
һ仰ȭͷҲһȥ
ڴͬʱҲһԼϣĳ£·˲䱻ոɾ


226 ǿ
ϣʱ͸оһҪȼգʹ񾭣ͷһּۣҶǻˮ
ģһﲻƭҰɣǲﲻƽҲһ°һ䡣
оһ˳յλýڣ濾ȻʹĸоĴЧ
Ĵ£ԭճĻݣҲȥֻһƬɫɫޡ
ͬһϣĵֵȻҪܶ࣬ҲʹҲʹ£ɫһƬҰס
ס𣿡
˵ͷҧݣճ
Ŀ⿴Զǰ涼񱩣ɵı鲼ռ䣡
ߣﺰ˲ǰȥһ·ϵ˾ٲά衣ԭʵȫԱܿ롣ΪԵʣұֻܿҪһܿ˿ᱻճɷ£ֻŬĵֵЩ档
ռ֮࣬ʵҲеʮֳƶٶʮ
ʱʱżԼϣȻĴ£ǿȲȴ۵죬յĸоһܳܵġ˵ϣѾ鲼˻ĺۼ
ʱǰĿռ䡣
һϾҪˡ˵ֻ㿴ģʱͺ޵ֱҧ
һ󣬼ûгһھļҪ̱ȥǰ浱ӵ޲óơ
ģ̫۸ˣ浱Լǿ
㻹վֱߣҾ㱻Щ˺Ƭһ䣬ٶ͵һᡣ
ͻķһϽ㣬ոյ̱ʧһɶ
ȻǼˣҪ޴Чһ׼һȥʱǰȴȴУԽԽе£УлһƬɢȵϢ
㿴ǰУ׾ˣǰоȻ״Сתһж飬ֲ£оԼͬһС
Ǳﾪڣǿ־壬ǰǵأ֮汩˱ĺѪɫ
Ǳ㿴ѯʵ
ϸҽ˺ܶռ顣оᵽǱֱֻѵһŵ촽ײǱռǣͨŰĿֲ˵Ǳһͨһ
ЩᴩһУܵеĿֲоضҪ˺Ƶġ
ľУǰ۳һУкܿ۶ɣɴ۾ǣ۵߸޴УǱǵзʽ
ĵȻ𺳣߸ضľ޴ɫҲף£ֵĶˡ΢СǵƤëܺ
ָУҪѰϰǺϴݶϢɫǲ԰˼֡
㡭Цһû뵽ôãֻſһر֮һǱͼʶˡ
ֻܿɻصϵǣڵȫӿȣҪ
վͬ
ǣ߸лδֻһನʱͱɫѪɫɳȥϣ˶پؿѪֻһССನȻһһߴˡ
ѾҪԼУѾȴı۾ҪֵھԵ£ôֵá

ﱻԽԽеѪҺˮһµʱһ޴Ķƾ˵Ķ
޴ͬʱԭŰǱȻͣת
ڴʱ弤һССһ֣𽥱󣬱һϰ״Сľ޶ǿм䡣
ھ޶ֵһǣԭ񱩵ǱȻͬʱھ޶Ķͼϳ߸㣬߸УǱǡ
㱬߸ϡڹ棬еʼӿ޶֮У׵罭Ӿһӿ޶С
ĿһĻ֪Ҫܰеսȥ
޶ûնãټоɵֻʣʮɡǣµ߸ʮɵ壬ȴﲻŵľ壡
壬ǣһ壡壬ʵ͵Ҳ֮ǰȴĳ߸߸Ҳ֮ǿߣ찡ԭǱȻġ
ĿЩ壬ĵޱȡ
˵㣬ͬɻĿһĻżֻĴȻûӵԼǡǾֻһͣһλͨǿġ
߸山ǵУټϻľ޶׾ܶסǡ㻳λͨ߶Ȼͻʲôϵ
עУ޶ͻȻһǿ£߸屻޶ɽȥ
屻ɽȥ֮ԭ񱩵Ŀռ˲䰲涼ûˡ
ﳹ׵ѣˣ޷󵽵ʲôֻܰʵ֮ͬʱˡ
ǿ߰˵׳ǰϵǿָ߲֮Ҳ˵ո޶Ȼ˱һ׳ǻĶǿߡ
ѣ£Ǿ޶ʼıСֻ죬ɢȵϢ
㿴ŲϱСĶĵͬ𺳣û뵽ոǻصǱȻ޶׾ͽˡ
һŶָԭСָƴЦĻĹŶٴλһ⣬壬ڴͬʱĻгȵϢ
ڻĹŶڣҲʧȥ˿ƣʹ͵Ķ˲Ļ̣类һģһȫϢվһԵϢ˺վȡ
ǸֵĹŶڣҲʧɫŶոôֲ壬㻹ʱģȻܲա
ԽԽ̣һպоֵĲѡ


227 Ǿ
ǰһһɵ˴ӿռ䶼һˣΪĵ㣬ʱͱͬһ㣬˻췢̡

һۺ緢ĺ濾£ռ䱻濾ķ˵
ĵ֮ϣһɹȶֲֿϢϵ緢緢£ΧĿռһӿ
䡭
һ޴£ܵĿռȻƿ𵴺ף£ռ俪ʼѳһ޴ĺڶڶͷ߸ϣɢļϢɫĺѪɫ
ټĿռڶγɵ˲䣬ںڶ֮г췱ǣǹϣԭ㣬ҲһӨ׵ǹ⣬ǹĸ£ԭŤʱҲķ
ڶ֮Уĸŷǣ籱еķǣһ䵽ϡϵɫǹǱ鲼ȫ
ڱǹ⸲ǵ㣬ʱˣͲƵġһɹӻĹŶӿУܸоÿһζȵ濾Ĵ£ܸͬоǿڲϵ
ûоһ˿һĸˣ쳣ľ֡Ŷӿ籼ڵĺˮͲܳܵģ̶ֻʱ䣬͸оҪűƵġ
ǣŶеɲϵӿ壬ľѾŵĻ
ոչŶɵҪǶ䵽ڵĻʬ޴һ·ߡ
㾪ʱ򣬺ڶеǹ⽥Уͺͻ΢΢ļᣬֻ΢ļᣬûˡѾ쳣ŶбԽԽ࣬Լᱻŵըѡ
ҪǣȵϢ£о˶Ҫڻˣʹ಻ܳܵġ룬Ҫܶ¶ҪڵϲϵĴˡ
屻ĳŵһȦʱ򣬺ڶеıǣһͼ֣С
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ĹŶ뵽ڵһĻãеĻҪӡһȻҲ㼣
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228 
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ȻϵͳһףƷʥƷںϵļУٳĵײĽܴе
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ЦЦҲ˵ʲô˵߸嶼ˣԺͨûˡܼҽҲõΣˡ
ЦһҲ֪Ǹǻû˹ȻûΣˣҪҲ̫ܡͰʵ죬ܿЩЧжá
ֻѾʧˣҲٻֻɻʵոǸŶʲô
бĽͣû˵ѣȷʵǻı
һ㶣˵Ҳһ壬ֻû˲Ҷڿ챦صҲ
˵ͳͨͿԼġһЩ飬ˣСһ㡣ͻȻ˵
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ȻҪǽǱҲļҪеõϢǣҪһƷƷǻı֮һͼ
ͼǻıӵĪܣԱǾʹֻʩչһҲԾ֮ˡͼ˿ֲ
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ͼҪǰƷĻҲƷĲΣƷ
Ȼ㲢ֻ֪̫֪࣬ҪܵõĻʵضǣοǻıڱصá
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ǰĳɽ룬룬롣


229 һΪ
ռԳ磬ɽ֮ҲŲٵдܶͬΪСռϹžͿʼڵģ˭ܱ֤ûϹŵС
ڵʵϹޣûսʤĿܡһ·ԵʮСġҵǣôȥˣϹ޵ѪһЩҲûж٣ġ
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ģҾͲܵסҵġһйµǹǱãĹ䵽С
𣡡
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սѪɫ岻ϵĺ˳ȥҪܿһСǣոʩչһߵαܵĿֻĿս


231 й
İԪնҪնʱһɿֲǰҪϵİԪնסһʮ׵ǵض£һҲڵסһг䶨ʱ򣬼Ӱǰ⼸Ӱǵס
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֮ʵȶ֮䣬ռ䲨˲ϣ쫷Ű

ƳȥͬʱĸȼվǵҲֲбŷһһƣȥ

޴һ𣬾бֲľŰܣɳʯ
ҿܵסС
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վһҳ˿ռ䣬ȻġĶ㡣
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бͽżֲмתżĴйȥ㲻ƶѣѵĸɱɡ
ҵģȻҪĲТ֮ˣҾͳȫ㡣ЦȻ̤ǰ
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겻ЩˣҪԼʥرԷ裬ҲѲ˸ϵϾġ
ģôһӡһ䡣
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ǰ³ΣǼǵûˡһжġһ䣬ĵ׸ǾҪѶԷɱˣõԷǰͼҪȻĳͷ϶ֻ˵ڽ㡣
Щ봫йһ䣬һӭȥ˸ͬʱ֣ǰƽ֡
ģһҲǵͲʮҡܵĴӦǼǿ֡ĵŭͬʱȴˡ
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ĹһһӿɨЩˣҲڵϵıƽȥ
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ĵȻԹȴҲְ֪ڣò񡣲ҺõǣǵʵܵõҪȻû
󣡰ɱˣΪ׵ĵһƻмܣҲܾ֮
ǣһڵһɹϵӿɹֲƣ۳һԵĹ
㿴һĿ⿴꣬˵ԼҪТ֮˵ģɱң
˵꣬еӡ


233 
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һûлشߵĻĿת˵˵Ƕҵģ㲻ҪΪ⹬Ǿκεҡ
һ仰׼ŭߣߺһӻһ̣ȫһС忪ʼ죬ӱҲ
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һ𣬿ֲ쫷ϯ˸˺Ȼ൱
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СЦһ͵һץ͵߾Ȼ顣
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еļǱĹһʴӵʱһ𣺡ҲգǵԭǲƷеģվһΣɡ
仰µʱһιȥߡЩȴϲѣһ̲סȥ

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ģȥСӳҪ䣿ϵһ䣬ƫƫûʲô취ǲӿѪҺ֪ƶأȥѪҲ


235 Բ
գͻȻĪһһɷӿͷرǿǰļˣǾ÷ꡣ
⻵ߣ֪ȥˡô춼ӰˡҾݵҶշ߷߲ƽΪԼĸ࣬ȴʱӰǲϡվ֮
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ոоĵ׵ķŨǰŭȵⲻ֪ðˣȻĪҪȥһط
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պһСûȤٲСҽбСļҶɱǡ
Ϊ׵ЦЦյĻϡһҶжǿɱǣʦܶʵ
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ڿռе㣬ʱȴɫ԰ףԽԽֹˣúǵġ
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ںϵֹ£ͻȻһٶȸӿ˼֣˿ݵٶ£Ʒ

˺ܾãڵĴѭʹµʱȶҲڰϢתһ̣֮ڴﵽ˴Բ֮
ſ˫ۣվǰȻ֪ǺϴģźϹǸлϡ
ҡҡͷЦЦ˵޷û뵽ܽﵽԲԭΪ㻹Ҫһµʱ䡣
仰εĿЦһһȻõͼȴ޷ãͼյȫˣѾûԹʹˡ
µʱƣ㵹ǲ֡Ͼʺ˵̶ȣЩҲֻǣԺҪ취ͼǹ֮ˡ
΢΢οǣȻǹ֮ѾûˣԼܹ䵽ͼУȻûͼӳ֣ȴϱʹʵ
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˹Ȼһ֮ѡɫǣҲµȵ֡տЦȻΪĶԷ
ŵϴתļʦܣɫҲʮѿرµȵɫǣǾ޴档
С㵹֪ѧ֮ȴǣС㲻ҪΪҸ㼸ӣͿΪΪӺһ
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㣡Щߣû㳹ףҪҡͣЩ߷߲ƽ˵
һ仰ĿʲôûԼĳװԼų¶СɾʵСӻдɣС㣬̫ˣȻ˵Լ֪ˣ»ΪԼǻء
뵽⣬㿴ŰΧյļ˾ɱڵģС˵Ҵ
Ŀӽĵƿˣ漴ʵǵǶС㶼Ҷѵû˵ǶС𣿡
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·Զ⣬Ὣ¶ϰ·̣°뻹ŬֹһͷҡŲε

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仰һ䣬붼Դġ
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239 
ЩĵǻϲԼŮи֮ˡǰʶһ꣬ȥ˲լ֮֡ʶһ꣬ȻκҵǿӣûپԭһƬ谵ˡ
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240 
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㣡һ㶣˳Ŀ⿴ȥÿҧ촽վѡ
м˰ɣŻӿȺĵֹһվĵǣȴûһ˸ȥƣʹվǰΰҧҲ֪Щʲô
湻ģ԰صʱ֪ҪʲôڿΧ㶼ƣ̲סֹһһЩƵүҪǿ١
԰ѣһϮǵȹһֱסĴȣͤͤ޳ûбڸǣʾ̬һ²ηӣȫ͸ĸ߰ޡƤѩֱĳüżָӣֱͦεĻ쳣۵ȥҧһڣһѹСӶˡ
۵ԽԽ࣬԰̲ס죬Դֳô󶯾Ҳֻĳ
µԽԽ԰ؿվΣ˿ûж˼ɲԸϽ£ĵ׿Ѳɿϧ̾һŮҲ̫û۹ˣǹȻǲ֮ӣȵĹ㣿
ڲϱŵ㣬ĿֱֱעѣĿ˿ûһ̵ƶ̾һһ˿ۡ
ѣô£Ȼ²ĵȴһ䡣
ҧҧͣһԵվɫӣҲʲô
ȣ̾һǰŮһҲǽ١
ŵβϴϣ˶ʪһ棬ΰ㣬ˣȴҲ֣˴λȥѰȻ׾ܾûа취ֻЩˡǣЩ˶𣿾ˣĵûס
Ҫǣΰǹ̬ȣԴףûеǰ档
ʱһһĹȥ겻ϵĴ£ѵ촽ҧĸǽٿһĻĵ׶˽Ů˼һĿתһʱ˱ˮݶ˿ˣԭҲű
ȡ̾һһǹû˵һ仰
Դ׸ô󶯾֪ǸøŮӦ˵ǻˮ
С㣡ǹ⿴ɫĵ漴һ䡣
ǹĺû˿ӦѾҧԼ촽Ŀ⿴ǸӰյˮֱ£ϻ۳Ϫ
ǹʧǵģһ⣬Ͼȥ˵С㻹ȥ˵仰ɡվ˼ʱˣС㲻˵һ仰ǲݵġ
ûǹĻƵģ˴վ
ʱţΧŵ˶Ŀע⵽ϡӽͷһˣ߳һŮˣŮһ˫޳ȣ͵Уҷǳ¡Ͽ˵խȹǰʮ˶ͷǶΰķ۾һͷ㷢Ըе촽ˮĴ۾ϸüһֳŮΪ϶ˣɢųŮԵŮǣһСŮֳһȻ
СŮıվȺվǰ㣬СŮẉ̂ǸôأȻվ֪꣬¶ꡣ
СŮӰöһϴĸо
ֻСŮŵ̵ʱȴŵ̴͵ǰꡣŵȻƽ꣬һƷΣ۵ƷΡ
ẉ̂ŵ̡
СŮŵ²ϽлŵŵУܰΧȺٿһ֪꣬ʲô
ӴСŮ˼ŵûûע£һˤڵϡ
УĿͻȻѵջԭվͦε忪ʼ̤ӺܴĿӵСŮϣֱֱСŮȥ
ΰһ˿һĻһ鲻Խĺˣ·ǿʲôƵġ
Ĳʮֿ죬СŮһĿⶼϣаѡ
ΰһ˾СŮԶֻ֪ɫǾ֣˿ʰΰϺˡ
԰ؿһĻΰĵ׵ƸǶһ˽⡣ͬЩͬĿΰҪΰһĵ׵ĲˡһҲǿ
ĲԽԽ죬ˮϵĴϣŵСŮˤڵϣҲһֳȣһҪСŮܻ˼¶û
ֻʱûмע⵽ǣĿⶼעӵϡ
ǣԭΪҪΰֵ㣬ȴûΰûпһۡǰһĻ˶ɵˣһĿ㡣ߵСŮǰ·ۻˮϣְˤڵϵСŮϵøɾɫض棬̧ͷһŵ죬СӲ꣬Ӧġϴʪˣȥ㽪ɡ
ŵɫż糺죬һ㶵ע㣬СŮĨɾϵ࣬ɫİСŮƽޡתͷһѣɫдżְ˵ɫͷ뿪ûпһۡ
ẉ̂СŮ˿ûΪոյˤӰ飬ǿЦǸȻɵҲúء
ŵСŮһĿ⿴ȥǵӰоıһ£һɹ¶įӿͷ
ٺҲĿһӰոյһĻЩֵ˱ŵСŮͻȻоĵ׶µһɰ˵ĵʡ
˸ǶǸϣɫãȻֱֱעǸӰʧڵ·һͷ


241 
ıӰʧУѻڸոյĳУǹɱ˵ļʡܵˣȻҲûζ
С㣡ǹˣȻоһΣ鲻ԽĽһѡ
Щʧǣǹһۣ漴˵ǹӣȻȥɣȾһ
ǹ죬վû˵ʲôֻһ˿⡣
԰ѣѵʧǣֹһҶԴ׵ʱ˼ŵһȻǳ˵ոһĻѶʧǣԴ׵ֵزһ־硣
ǺƺƵ˿ʼɢ԰ؿǹһۣ֮Ҳ뿪
ǹ⿴һۣվ뿪ļҡ
һֱ£ٿЩʧǵѣ̾һ˼״ģԼŮ񣬴ʱһĻǻиӵĸܡ
ٸ׼ǰ˵ʲôȴУһߵľŮߵ˹
С˼ˣһ˵ա
Ҷ˼ҡҡִϻٵĻЦЦ˵ѡ
ٿһѣ漴˵ͷԭ׼Ů˵һʲôʱҲʲôû˵ȥլˡ
Ҷ˼ǰʧǵѣոյһĻͬһˣۿ˼ʱ
ѣҶ˼ǰסѵļ˺һ䡣
ѿһҶ˼ͻȻҶ˼㣬˵ΪʲôҪң
㲻ˣҶ˼˵仰˶ټ˵Ȼȥɣ
ѱҶ˼Žȥ˵˻ĵĺܣŪŮΪĿġĺ
ѵĻҶ˼εЦЦû뵽Ѷĳɼô
㲻ˣҶ˼ظ仰׼˵ʲôȴֱֱĶţĿƵĿҶ˼ϵҶ˼㣬𣿡
仰Ҷ˼һ㶣ǰŮ֪ôشҶ˼СвǼٵġı֣Ȼһֵˡ
ѼҶ˼˵֪ˣ˸жҲֶΡ
Ҷ˼üͷ˵һ˺ãĶһ˺á
ͻȻЦҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬ûˣȥɡ
Ҷ˼һѣȴɫȻ߻ؼСҶ˼Ҳ㣬Ѳµӣ˦˦ͷҲ뿪תһլȥ
ߵլӵĴȻվҶ˼Ͻȡëϵˮȫʪ͸ֲ˵·ѵЩˡ
׼æȴĿƵĶԼҶ˼ЩߣϽתƻָָĶͷ㰡Դ׵ֵزò˶þͻȺӵдˡ
Ҷ˼ˣ
˵Ҷ˼һ۵ʲô㶼Сˣȥѣѹ㡣ѵ˼ҺףӸ߰ݲɳӣ㵱ҪŪꡣ
ҡҡͷͻȻתƻǹⲻһˡҴһƽŮһЩ˼׷ˡȻǸŮΪ֮ƽѪеŮ͸һȺѣıһȺ˸ǿˣҲ̶áһˣҶ˼ѺӴ𣿡
Ҷ˼һ˵˵ģ
ʼ˵Ե
Ҷ˼ô˵һ˿ɡе϶ڱֵһ㶼⣬Ǿʮ֮˾ˡ
Ҹ˵£ԷԶ㡣Ҷ˼Դ漴ϵֻʪܵЩ죬Ƶָָָ߹ǣôݣҪֵ㡣
Цû˵ͻȻֱҶ˼Ҷ˼Ϊ֮һܵͷĲϣҶ˼Ҫƿʱ򣬶ȴԵϵζš
һ仰Ҷ˼ǸӰҶ˼ͷ۾ɫɢĹâ˿ˮҶ˼ı㣬ƺҪ㻯ȥƵġ
ѹҶ˼˵ѻϲġ
仰㵣Ҷ˼ǵʧˡ
һ壬Ҷ˼ϵȴϣ̧ͷҶ˼۵ĺ촽촽ͬ峿õ廨꣬żջĹЩ֣ĻҶ˼촽
Ҷ˼ɫһץ֣Щֵ˵Сͷ׼Ҷ
ЦЦȻͬҶ˼˵ָɿ˫֣ߵ⣬紵ϡ
Ҷ˼ıӰ촽һϼڣһڣ׼ȥôõ꣬ʵ߷纮Ҳǻðġ
Ҷ˼޷Ȱ㶯߷纮ֻȥ׼ˡ
⻵Сӣ˵ĵĺޡҶ˼ֹһ

ǹԴ׵Ҷ˼˵ں׳Ȧ洫Χ㲻Ҷֵĳ棬Ҳ޷ŴҶЩٴ
ֵͬҲΪ֮ġҲΪǹԴףѵȾ¡
ȻĿǼǹϣҪ֪һֵԴεġһ֣ûн棬֪˭ռȡϷ硣
ʱһĹȥ˹עĿ£˷·ûзʲôƵģɰĺܡͻȻĬһڶоȤ

ǹͬһŹ۲ѸײĽڣʱʱļҡȻĿĺȷֻԴһѵƺߣҺ֮Ҳıһľ룬ǹղѡѶԶԽԽԣǹΪ֮ŭѡ
Ȼǹûбֳһŵģװģ̽һѸ׵Ĳ󣬾ͶЦС㣬𣿡
ˣѵĿǹһۣҡҡͷɫˣǹذɡ
ǹĵŭ𣬵ȴûʾǺЦҲգǾ͸հɡ
˵꣬ǹȻľˡ뿪ǹ⣬ɫӡȻԸΪԼֵǷ꣬Դ׵ΪԼۣϲ
ǹȥļ֮ǹҲʧһɶһѣһǶѣȻ˸߰㵱ʰ㲻ɣ㣬Һ¡
뵽⣬ǹĵױŭѣҲԼƻôŮҪˣô˼ûа׷ѵĿܡҪǣŮ˱Ů˼Ҫˣ᲻÷Ź


242 ŭ
㣡ǹ쳣԰ص˵
˵ͷմһкȻ߳漴԰˵ô£
԰˵ķԸЩһֱǹˡЩǹ룬һЩûˣԱߵһջһȺڼƻʲôҪѲ
仰һ԰˵
ӦѧԺؼҵ·ϡ԰ػش漴һ˵С㻹ΪԴ׳㲻СԴװ
㿴һ԰أҲ͡԰˵ȥ֪ͨһĸף԰أңȥǸջˡ
԰զզ࣬˵ҪҪٿһ£ǱϾǲĶӡ
ΪǲĶӣ㻰ɷ԰ȴ㻰˼ȼȥֻܸϡ
԰شû竵һ档Ȼ˵ǰջƲ£Ȼۡһƫƫ赽˼㣬ҪһȻĸˡ
ǣһ˺ƺƵĸջÿΪһӵҪаŮˣһԶԶġ
һȺ˸ϵջʱһڿջԱߵ߳԰ضֹһԷϢ԰ɫ䣬Ͻߵǰֹ
˿ѱϽջˣ
һ仰ȼŭһ֣ջˣ
˵꣬Ҳ԰ػشſջȥ

ǹͺһȺһУǹ⿴ڴϵˣž͹µ壬ǹ˳âһаЦǣҪװʲô߰챾ӿ㻹ʲô¡
ڴϣǹΰȵ߰˸棬ɫһƪҰףǾ֮ɫҪȫûԼڻؼҵ;Уǹƭҩʹһ˿
ǰ¶ӣſǰкøеס
ǹⱻעӣ˿Ϊ⣬ЩܣȻаЦȵһʮܵģôˣһ
٣˵ôˣֵǻأҪǲҪͷǿˡٺ١һȻЦ
ǹЦŷ˺Ѽ˵ȥ˼һѵ·һ֮ѵ䱻ã¶ֱۣӨ͸ǹһĭ
Ǿ֮ɫɫĺѪɫ˲ѣŬĿҩ䶯
ٺ٣ӵɢǳصģ͹ԹԵŰɡ˵֮ǹ˵ĴߴٵУҲʼԼĿӣ̤ǰһ㣬׼˺ѵĿӡ
͡
һ˺УһͲ˺¶ϸ޳ʱǹҲ˺ĿӣЩ͡
ǹҪѵĿȫҲ˺Ҳ˷ܲѵʱһ춯Ŷǹü˵ģʲô
ʲôأ٣ôֵܵأ㵹ǿ㰡һ治˵
ٺ٣ǹȻһЦּ˺ѵ
˷ܵĿһĻʱһԭŵĴţһŸ߿ľмĴ䣬һЩŽһЩĶ棬ľмϣ̲סҽһ
һȺ棬ѵϵ֧飬¶е£żŴ档ɫ࣬һźݺݵߵһ棬һ֮£ҽһǽϣǽںȻ
㣡ǹ⼸˿㣬¶ɫǹ׼˵ʲôʱû˵һ仰һǹ˹ȥ
ǹڵİƣЦһڵӿİƵ˹ȥ
ž
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뵽⣬ǹһ˿ģҿջһŭգɫ㣬Ȼһһܡ
㿴һܵĶ棬Цһһźݺݵ˹ȥһ߷ǽʱҲûȥǹˡϵĳѴϵķѰְѱס̽һ£ѵ壬ʩչ˼ȥ
Ѫɫľû뵽ǹһ޵ֵزԭΪԴǹֻǻ鷳ǰǱӵġȴ벻ǽˣҪַʽõѡ
ЩңҺý԰ؼǹˣҪȻıǿˣԼҲӲˡ
㱧ѣ԰ظ׼˵ʲôȴϵջˡ˸
һ仰Щһҵĸ
Ҫ߳ջʱ԰֪ͨĻ٣˿һֻŭϻ㱧ŵѣɫҰףҲԼģٱ׼ŭֺݺݵץ㡣
㱧ѣͬŭĸϻһ˺Ļ٣üͷҲ÷ſѵڻٵ˺ץ£ָϴѪۡ
㲻ú㲻úٲ㣬˻ߵ
ŤͷܿٵľٶʱŷӦһǰ١
㣬ҿˣ˵ûһͷŪŮ˵ޡټ
㿴˱ŵĻһۣȻߣȴҲû˵ʲôѷĻУ˵һ˭޻ȥŮ
˵꣬Ҳǻش𣬶԰˵ǻؼҡ
ڻٵŭУҲͣ˾һ׷ȥǹ⣬㲢ŹȻҪ֣Ǿִһ㡣
׷԰ض㺰
Ǹɫ
Ǹ԰һû뵽ȻֵزܵǸȥץˣ
һŭ⣬ԭ׼Ȱ㼸԰أҲû˵ʲôֻ룬ǹ쵰Ҳҵģ˭Ů˲öƫƫҪ㿴ϵŮˡСӴǶʱһӡ
԰һ˺ƺƵǰǸǰһŭ⣬Ǻ˪԰ضҺ˵
ﵽǼҺס㣬׼˵ʲôȴһźݺݵȥڴϣҲ˳ڵϡ
˭ңһ
ǣЩ棬ܵǰΪ㿪·


243 ϣ
ףңǹӻظۡˡ
ԭںͬʱԻ˾ۻᣬͻȻ΢΢üͷĵʮֲϲӻǲֳϡЩǰΪľǿǶԼƿĿ
Ҳ֪뷨ںͻͬһţֲȴšҪԸ̫֣¸͢ų켺Ӱ졣
ֲֻҪЩŰӦԼͲðų켺ñԸ
ǣЩĺúõģԼĶȴûһòĴ
ָ׼ǳ⼸䣬ȴԼӵ׵ô£
ףңǹ󺰵첽ߵֵͬʱҲͬһȺĺ档
ŷʲôʱ˳ֻδü׼ȥһӰҲ꣬ûпЩһۣĿֱֱĶļ꣬Цܷȥ
һ仰üüѣ׼˵ʲôȴǹץ˹ȥֺ˿û顣
ס֣ըˣû뵽Ȼܵĸۡ棬Ķӳ˺
ûֵĻ̺ſֲǹץ˹ȥ
ּ˲棬һֻ˹ȥ㵲ĿҪŵ㡣
㱻ֵ£һ࣬ŭա
ĵ׾ȣոնԷȻʮ춥ӣŶ󣿲ȹ龪ȣŭ׼ְնɱʱȴԻ˵㣬ô£ĵɱۡ㻹ûˣ
ԻĻֵĶͣϯΪδμӡһƾҲ˵Ҹ˴Ϊˡ
ϢñŭֻĿȴɱŭ
ԻһۣƺοƺΪ˵⺢˽⣬ΪʵҪǱƼˣɱһۡ
һ仰øոո԰زûſڵϣһĸף˵ѵˮƽǸߡˣΪʵϵ㻹û۾ˣ
㣡ô£ԻҲѿһ㡣
һָ԰˵ǣ
仰üּˣּ֧֧Уڵõȫ̡ΪԴ׵Եʣһڲż꣬ЩĽ뻹ðԴ׶ֳô󶯾
ϣ֮󣬱ŭѣŭһ漴ż˵Сҳ軵ˣôʧЦˡ
Ǻǣǲˡ᷸󡣡Ź
ǣ˵仰ʱȴŭѣץϵıӣһڲӣݺݵǹˣǹʵܿȴͷҳһѪҺ
󣿣ɱҲһǲǿһЦŭ
Ի㣬˵һǲǵøһֶϲŮ˵ҵֶϱǺôǴҵ
ֺ԰ƽ԰ΪŹ˵Բ˵̫ˣҲٲ¡˭ϲ棿Բͱͺһƽϡ
ȴû뵽˵仰ʱȻһߣǰƷڵϡһĻüɫһٱ䣬һŭ㣬С̫ˣȻӡҪǿһƵķϣɱСӡ
ƷӺ󣬺һֱֱĶ˵棿˵ģϣڣһףʲô档ϣ𡣡
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ףҡ
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ڨڨվʱڸĿеõλȻ׶˼
ҲЩɸ֣һδ³Կȴһδ㡣̾һҲ֪ʱã˵ǲǻôɡȺСҲǣʲôŮûУȻԴֵֶ
̾һԭΪһƿڿҪóȥˡ
ü˵ô˵
㲻֪ҪΪͷ˭ס˵ҲЦ˲ôȻķʽԸǡΪԽȻǻó͢ų켺ǣҪạ̊́ΪСͷֻ͢Ϊխɲ˴£ȣƸ㣬Ұ㵱ˡ϶Ụ̵ġ
һ仰һ㶣漴˵˵ԴһжƳģö֣
ҡҡͷǵ̫ܡŶ󣬻ûôĻϲŮˣ㵱˵ҲΪǸŮӺ𣿹־͹⼸ɫϡ
˵ֺݺݵĵǹһۣȥ
仰Ҳͬļ˵
죬ⲻҪ׳ˡŭǹ⣬ȴΣ˭Լĺӡ
ǾԵŵǸɡģһҶƵ˵زߣɱ

ֺܻʱԻȴǰЦ˵⣬ͻصƿС㣬Դ׳Եĺð
㿴Իһ۵ѲҲǽˣܱǸĸ塣ûô꣬ǲ˵ֻҾ͸ô档
Իһŭ΢΢㶣û뵽˵ôһ仰׼˵ʲôȴɫˡ
СӣΪһŮҪֵǷɣ



244 ת
𣿡Ҷ˼ϵץۣЩֽҲǵģҲͻ˵ץָֻײҪǰѵڼӢûˡ
ŶҶ˼ӨͣߵģκһŮӶҪȻʧɫָϻ쳣ϸ֮С
Ҷ˼ûעֱֱĳİ㴦ϵץۡĬú̧ͷȴ˫֮飬ûȼյļңЩ޵棬Ҷ˼ƽˮľЩĲԼЩĸоĺɫ΢΢Ҳ޶˵ģЩıܿ
ȥѰɡҶ˼żֲ˼ƽ
ţͷվļȥ
ݣٿϵץۣЩΣ׼˵ǸĻǿƽˮݣȴһ䶼˵
̣ôˣ㿴Żʵǵޱϲ
̾һɢĶɢˣ⺢ȴ˵һ仰Զһ㣬ȡ
ٵĻ˵ͷŻ˵ȥɡ
ٿһۣվǿ˵̸ո̫֪ǹṆְ̀
ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô߽ѵķ䡣ڴϣ϶˼㲣һݲ̬֮Ǹ߰һȥǸ˼Ҽĸо
ǰŮӣֵڡҲΣ˭뵽ǹû֣ǾһȺȶѳ֡ԭΪǹԶһ㣬ֻǹǺȶ֡
Ҳ˫ŸӵȻʲô˵ǼһһޣûҲһ£ûбռҡ
û˵Ҳ֪Щʲô
㿴һۼ˵óԵĳԣúȵĺȡŰģѹĲֻ㣬ĸ׿˲١
ѵɫǸӣĿֱֱĶ㡣
úڼŰɡǼҲϡһģһ˵꣬ҲѣŲӾ뿪ѵķ䡣
ǸӰ뿪ĿԭѣʱȻͿ
ŵѵĿһŮ˲ʲôڻޣǾͺһ롣
Ż˵̣ȥ׼һЩȵɡ
˵꣬ȥ߳ѷ㣬Ŀ⿴һ䣬ɢҩζĿͣһȥ
Ҷ˼㣬˵ôˣ
ҡҡͷûлشҶ˼Ļʵļ˭ˣѸף
Ҷ˼һ㶣漴˵ţ岡˺öˣһֱչˡѶǹôøУȥװ֮⣬˵κĲҲйϵ
أʵ
Щأһ˵ҪҽʿơҶ˼˵
ƲƲ˵ȻǸɵ椻ǹ⣿
Ҷ˼һ۵ʲôɵ椣Ͳ˵һ㡣Ҳֻܹ̺ѣǹϷˮƽǲģװӡȻΪ˵ѣ˵Ǽط̾ˣ
εԴһƤһáԸԸţ˵ĵһоòȡ˵ġ
ҪҪһ壿Ҷ˼㣬Ҷ˼֪ǰӵ俴ءȻԼŮǲòϣԼŮҲǽϵġҪܰļңͽһˡʵ֮϶ﵽҽʿҲҪǲУ϶
˵ɣ㵭˵С椶ûڣҲôʲô
ĻҶ˼εЦЦѹһֱǻ쵰ˡҪǱֻᵱЮͼ
㰡Ҷ˼εİһۣ֣Ǽ׼ô˵ǰȥܼҸˡ
һҪãϾͲôˡۡŰɣ岻ġ
Ҷ˼һ㶣˵Ҫɱǹ⣿
ɱǹ⣿Цֻɱô档ˣһȥһۡɡǼҺú档Ҷ˼ҪҪһȥ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷȥɡ￴ѣչˣչ˲
Ҷ˼Ļ˵ͷʱ࣬Ҷ˼ĵһϲԸԶˣ
ٵͷһۣ׼˵ʲôҶ˼ȴ˵̣ȥιѰɡ
ţٵͷҶ˼
ûļͣŲӾ뿪ļҡ
ٿıӰ̾һ⺢ǼǺˡ
Ҷ˼Ц̱̫࣬㲻ôСˡ£ˡ
˵꣬Ҷ˼ͽȥѵķ䣬ʱѾʹޣ۾׵ЩһҼСҶ˼ѣҪ㿴ģǻܲ˰ɡ
ѣȵ㶫Ҷ˼ЦŰѶݸѣѳĬĽӹһԵĿʼеࡣ
һѺܿͺ꣬˵ҪҪ
ҡҡͷһĸ߰ޡ
Ҷ˼̬˵һ̬ǹıһ飬ֵøˡ
ҧҧ촽ͻȻʵҶ˼㣬ϱץû˵ʲô
Ҷ˼һ㶣û뵽˵ĵһ仰İɡ˵㲻㿴ڼǺ㡣
ҧ촽ԺвһĻʱǸһֱ˰ˣŭһȺޣСİѵļУˣǸģӦĴ󷢵ġǣȴԼĸ˺ûκν͡
һĻѵ촽ҧԽԽ
Ҷ˼һЩѵ˼΢΢ЦЦָЩ׵촽Ц㲻һֱôݽȥˣ
Ҷ˼仰΢΢һĿҲ֪ʲô
Ҷ˼ˣѵļ򣬰ڻ˵㰡һˮΪܵһӲ㡣ոո˵ŹǼҡӣǹ㡣Ҳ֪һҪΪֳĶԴ׵ֵزСˮǳˡԺûм˸ˡ
һ仰ѳ״ͣ㶵ĿҶ˼
Ҷ˼ˣЦЦѵľٶǲ⡣Ů˾㣬ʱ¶ӡҶ˼ϣҪѣҪݽȥ


245 ʲô
ִǹǰȴۡĴҲˡۡţֺ˵˵ǽȥƫƫŭۡΣֻţ˿Թԡ
ǹֺĶԴǣʰһЩ룬ȴšˡ
ʵ㣬Ҫ⡣ЩԴ𣿡ֵǹһ˵ţԸǣʱֳһ顣
ǹô˵ջȴ޿κΡֻĵȴ֮ǡ
ֿĶӲ̾һǹ⻹̫ˣһԴףͰھñֶ룬׳ܲܵõԭˡ
ֲ뵽֮ǰһ仰ϣ𡣡룬ѵһСƨģõҪɣ
ֺǹڸȴʱһӰԶƵǹע⵽ӰɫʮѿĶ㡣ȴҲûпһۣƵĲۡȥ
ߵոյǵǰһ񣺡ү
̬ĵһû뵽ܼҵĵλôߣЩȻүƺ
𣿡Щ
һۣ漴˵ͷүϢүԸˣҪүĻɲֱͨӽȥ
仰˵ͷ׼ȥȴֺסӣһȣ
£תͷһ֣żֵȻӵ񵭵˵£
ֺǺЦǹⲻ£ƽϡǸˣ֪ɷΪͨһҺӣ
ʲôҲ壿ЦһŲмȵ
ⲻĺȳɫһһ죬뵽˴ΪһȴһҶ˲ĺȳ⣬ܵˡ
ֽȭͷȭͷӿ֣ŬĿԼй
ǹȴ̲סŭĸףŭСӣһҶҲŭ۹㡭
ž
ǹĻû˵꣬һ˦ǹһ⣬ǹⱻ˦ķ㶣˴ԭӿѪҺʱһ˵ǣǽȥ
˵꣬Ҳǹһۣתͷ߽ۡ
ֺǹⶼû뵽ǿơ˸оһΣĻźСҪΪԴ
ؼңĵǹһۣҲõԭ£ǹ͸ϻؼȥ

ߵۡ鷿ЦСˣһΪҪܾء
΢΢һЦҸʲôոֲݷ㲻
һ۵ⲻΪСһ仰ҪģϢˡ
˵꣬ǰʹļ򣬴ˬ˵ðСһԴ׳ԵĺðһϾҪˡ
㷭˷ۣԴ˵嵹ǿˡһ֪ôأô󶯾Ҫ֡
ҪӵұҪԵͷЦ
һ۵ǣҸûӵұͷǰ׳ˡ
Ҳ˵˵ôǼң
㵭˵Ҳã˰ɡȾ׳Ƭɾա
һû뵽㿪ھҪ˶Էһ塣һ尡ں׳Ҳ١
ҪٿǿǣüͷżɻĿ㣬ôôݣ˵ǼҵĲԼӦøءڿȴֱԼݶˡ
ѵҪŹǲɣǼٹ̣ҲǵһӣǻҪҪһ鷳Ļʮɡ㿴˵
ЦСӵǻҽڡ԰غ˵ԴСһţڿСˡҲգǾֺˡǲ֪ҶС֪᲻ᷢ񡣡
ʼ磬żί˵廹Ϊҽһ£ôɶΪ㡣Դ׿ûе顣
ЦĸûĻ
ʼ磺һŮ˲㱻ǿǽˣܲøϾҲεġ
ȥɣҾͽ㴦ˣҪֱӵˣڰ֣ڶƵĽ͡
˵ͷִûϵɣ
Դִ֪ʲô˼Ҳ֪ķִ磬ͷں׳طһѹƵס
Ҿͷˡ΢΢ЦЦнӹƾ뿪鷿
ıӰ¶һ˿΢ЦûҴ鿴ȥȫԴֳģԼҽڶԸǼң͢ҲֻᵱԼ̡
ڳ͢˵ǲϲԼȱԽ࣬͢һλԽˣͬԼԽбĻ͸һλ½ģҲΪԵʣҪǼҲ
ôĵ͵ĵΡԼûзѵģΪԼͻͬȵĳûҶĹעҪʹһҪһЩûҵǵĽڡԼү湻ġ
뵽⣬ֻ̾һҲ޿κε飡
ҺЩ㣬ҽų켺ܵõϳĵνˡЦЦϳǺ׳ǵϳ׳ܶС˵Ѻ׳ȫƿУֻҪõϳˡ
ĺ׳ǣҪ䶯һˣЦЦϵ飬顣

үǼҵλҴҵĻȥˣСĵѵ
ùǡЦЦ˵֪ԭûˡ
ô˵Ҳ˵ʲôƵĲ׼뿪ܸ֪Ǹʲô˵ҪԸǹôһƶûУ
ӭ԰شʱҲ㣺Źǹ⣿
԰һ۵һѣһɡ
԰žȻôСˣôܷŹǹ⡣
ٺ٣кϷˡϧˣôȤϷȻڡ԰غȻһЦ
԰һۣҲ԰أŲӾ뿪ܸһѾȥˣеһжֻҪˡ
㵹ǲھͳֻ֣һ̾ǹЩ˶һЩĥ飬Ǻġ


246 ʰ
ڶ죬㻹˯ĻԵʱ԰ؾʹң˯гѣʮֲ飬ҲȲ˯Ҫ˯Ϊһ԰׷ĽŲֱ޿⡣
ŵ㣬һŰ԰߳ȥֹ˼ٳңһžȼ䡣
԰شһӵʹнȣһͷ̫תͷӼ˯㣬԰ؾԼô˰ˣʦ
԰ؿڿҿұڸۡļҶٿһۺ˯㡣ͬΪҶҲ̫˰ɣҾû˹
԰Ҳ룬ĵҲסҹܼҲҹ㣬ܹС㡣Ҿ͵ڰүˣҪ˯˭ܴţ
һֱ˯硣԰صȵ̫˯ʱҼҶ׼һЩʳĳ
԰صȵЩͷˣСӲ˵ҪʰǼô
ڵȴ֮԰ظ׼˵ʲô˵һ仰û԰Ѫʲôʱģ˵ҲɫѾôˣƻ鶼û
԰ᣬԼ߳ˣȻû㣿԰㣬Ťͷ޳ܵˣ
԰ˣҡҡͷ̾һȣ̫ûʱˣ
˵꣬㲻ҧ˵԰أŲӾͳ˸ۡ

ۡΧֻһ
ǣ㹪һһǼҸۡܣǼҰΧ
û˿ͣһźݺݵǼҵĴţһ֮£ǼҴűߵķֱ죬ҲֵˣִһŭڵĳǼҴԺվǰ㣬㣡̫
ɨһۣ˵ǲ֮ͨӡǲʵɣͨеġ
ֺһŤͷ㡣˭֪ڶԸһڶѣ˶֪ǻֻ̡û뵽Ը
Ķ㣬ڲһ䡮治ʲô˼
ǲ־ܰɣñҶ˶֡۾֡
Ķ㣬ɫ಻һԡ
Ҳ֣
ǣЩʲô˵ǼҴԺУʼǼҡ
㿴֣˵һ
㣡ң˵꣬һӴѹϣֲϯһ쫷磬ŭĿӣƺҪˡ
ӵĿ˶Էһۣߵ԰˵֣˰ǼҵĹӽҿ˵Ǽߣʮ֮ЩҲһˡ
԰Ļ֪ϢϢȴ԰ص˵ͷҪôˣǶĻ鷳ϡ
԰غһ鷳ˡȻˣǾͳ׵ɱ˰ɡ
ߣ԰ضһ˺ƺƵľɱǼҡ
˻ߣŭ죬һȭ̺ʮ˹Ҳû뵽ŵ⡣
һԭǵ˾㲻ܷŹǹ⣬Ҳһ
ֵȭͷֱֱĺǰǾںؿڵʱһȴ˹ȥİֵסֱĵ
ĿһվǰӣǼɵ֮⡣
Բ°ɣԸǰ˵ǰɸģʵǿĵľ֮ʵ
үʵﵽһ֮ʮ죬Ķ֡Բѵ
΢΢ЦЦԲ˵Բģ֣ҪǴ򲻹ĻٰҺˡ
ʵﵽԲ֮޵֡Ҳ˾֮⣬ҪԼ;֮Ĳж󡣴ʱ֣ø֡
ԲĻ΢΢üͷ֮ǵ˵ͷأϣΪľõȵܾĳְ㡣
֮ս֮ǲսʤġߵĲ蹵
Ÿۡϱŭ㣬ðɭɱ⡣ȻΨһӳϣҲϡֻֿҪץסʣЩ˶
ֻҪӳ׳ǣ־Ͳ
һͺ޵ֱҧû뵽ֵزһ˵ˣҪԳ͢ѹ
ǲú㱾Ҷһʤ˵Ļ˵Ҷһ˾ͷ뿪۾֡
û˵һķϻһӿ⣬ӿ£ܵĿռ䷺һܵм۶ȥһ޴ȭͷһȭݺݵ˹ȥ
ȭͷ֮ƺƵһѹסɴ۾ĿȭͷĹ㡣
Ӵѹ;ֹ֪֮;ǵĲж󡣵ϵǲѹĿֲо֮ƵģڵϱӿֲȭͷϵĴʩչǱǾȭ
ȭͷĲϵ£һ޾ȭֱֱӭ۵ȭ
䡭ȭͷһ𣬿ռΪ֮ܵľԺеľɾ£ıݻ٣쫷Ű
һȭˣջһԶľ֮ſվȣֱ۲ɫЩ԰ס
Բģ̾һ߸ͲһȼġҪⲻ
үɡԲߵǰ˵
ҡҡͷڵӿֱۣʹĿֱֱĿ֡
Բˣֻܺһĵ׵Щ㣬֮ʵܷոյѾ󡣿ǣֲ˾Ĳࡣ
־;˳Ȼ֪ĻҪսͬżЦ
ᡭ
ִһ䣬ڵӿһɹڳֱֱۣ˦֮䣬ռΪ֮𶯲ѡȻȥһ־ǴС
㿴Ų𶯵գ΢΢üͷڵͬӿ
ȡ
һ޺£ֵɲϵֲۣбӿͷųǰɼɵĳޣɨ֮䣬ռΪ֮Ť
ڵɲ䵽СԲͷĳޣɫ䡣֣ȴ˹ȥ


247 ֪̫
ֵǰ綾һȥ۵ĳޱֲ¿ʼ𵴡

ֱһŤת˹ȥֲĳ˷ΧȥɢļµϢ
Ҫܿǳ޵Ŀֱֲ޿ɱܡֻӭȥУϳһӰͬʱӿһ׵磬ֶȥ
ϵʿֺһϵʿΣϧ㲻Ǿ֮
˵꣬޸ǲϯȥԲһ࿴ľҪ㡣㱻ްΧҪסЩ±˵㡣
ԲżʱȴЦһڵӿϻ裬סޡȴ׵Ϻ
ܵסĵޣ֮Ҳһ漣ˡĵȴǾȣ֮Ȼ˰˳ɣǾ㵲˰˳ɣһʰˡ
ֵĴ£һĺ󱳳˹ȥ㿴ųĳޣͬȵջ
Ĵ£ܵӿܣǰһ⣬εĻס޳ڽϣŽѣҲʧ˶㿪С
һδ֣һ˵֮Ҳ
ֺԲԭأû뵽Ȼĵ˾֮ĴСȻϲԷܶ࣬ϣҲκβ
˹ȥŭ˼㡣
裬ǾʩչһӰӭ֡
ȻΪԵʾѹ㣬һʱҲκβ㡣ԽԽżϾûʱ˷ѣοһǿԲһ໢
ְʧʱе׵粻Ϻһĺۼֱֵĺ
ʧ֣֮Ϲ£Щæҵĵֵ
⺮
һһ⺮˹ȥֵסɫһ˺Ըʱȴһ׵ٴιֻһֵ
⺮ɱ
ɱͬʱʩչֱ޿ɱܣֻӭסУҲĵɳȥڵ滮һĺۼ
ûվȵʱԲ̲סһƴȥֱһƴˣڵϹɹѪҺӿʱҲֵĺϡ
԰ʱøϵֵĲϣ΢΢һ㶣漴һ㲻Ϊ֮Ҳ˰ɣ
԰ҡҡͷ뷨ų⡣̫˼ˣ
ԲȴԲЦŵͷ԰سѣ
Ȼ԰ز֪ԲѾռϷˣֻ͵ϮҪ˵˶ԷҲ޲ɡԲǰƵ꣬ĵͬƽں;֮սռϷ磬ǵһμ
㿴һ۱ѹ԰ǹ⣬Ȼ˿һ˵㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
Ķ㣬һŤͷ¶׹⡣
㲻ЦЦԲͷԲǰס֣ʱߵǹǰһ˦ǹϣʲôãƫƫҪ˵ɣô
ǹĶ㣬һ˵ҪҶңʦŲŹġ
һ仰Ҳһ˦һȥʦŲŹң㵱ʦҿİʦҲᵱһ£
㡭
ž
һ⣺ʲô㣿ҶˡŮǶôм飬ƫƫôֱģұ֮˵
˵꣬һ˦˹ȥ
һ˦ȥǹˣֶ˦ЩۡⲻӰ˦
˦˼ºЩƣֹһѲҰ˦˶£
뵽ֶȤζ㲻ɴһ漴űûһƢǾֵǹ⣬ǹ˵Ӷڼ
ǹû뵽ʳһ⣬Ŀɾֵ㣬ûκλش
˵شҾȥ㶢ǹ⣬ǹĲϡ
ǹ˾ٶĵ״󺧣ҲشŲ˵ģ
۾ǹ⣬ǹϣע̾һǹ⣬Ĳӵ˵֪̫ˡ

԰غԲ㲻һ仰ֻ԰̲סֹһݡ
㲻֪԰ʲôһԲµ֣˵ɱ˰ɡ
˵仰Ťͷ߳ǸµʼϴǼҡ



248 С޲
ۡһѴջٵ׳ǴķзȻվ˵𡣵˭֪еĴôģҪȻǴѵһ֮ɣ
һѴǸյһ˿˵ĿҲеϡ׳ǵŷ֣̫ˣΪԴףȻһʧں׳С
ԭһЩˣʱѶż־ηһһǹԴ㣬Ȼû˸ҰҶ
˷зʱȴļҡϵļңһ㶵ǣվȻҲļҡ
ǰĵգܵ뷨˫עӣ㲻̫ԣµߵǰС㣬ôڣ
ע㣬ͬ˵洫ΪԴףҾͿǲĻ
ҥԣҥԣ㿴Դǵ˵ҪΪΪҺǹභܵԲһ¡
һŮǰԲܳΪŮԴסһһͷ˶֪
ҲңտЦҲῴġô
ʶȤı죬ĵȴֹԼôˣҲ̫ˣȻѿ
Ľ޵գЦ˵ǵҲǣһֱǰϰˡҪܿҾ͹ˡ
Ȼ𵱳С飬Цã˭ȥ͵˼ң
ʼҲͣν˵һҲͦˬġ
׼˵ʲôʱѴ߳ɫȻһ㲣ǱǰȴҪ̫ˡ
ռѳߵǰżȸԾѣ㱨ˣǹǸˡ
㿴ǰŮŮۻ壬پ£޳ͦΣһ˿ɬഺϢˡɢŮеջϢŮվһݣʵŮվһ˿Щԣһഺģһ޸߰ǧĵŮˣ˫۵Ʋ۾
ųѣ˵ǹѾˡļӷʱҰǡ
û˵ҧ촽˵ͷ
ѣҪʰ˭˵ǡûʩչռⷬģЦŶ˵
仰ʲôԼûʩչ
㣡ǲǣۺһۣƹֵв㣬һζ
ǣ㾡ܷԸǡϽ˵
յЦ˵ίԺ󾡹ܷԸ
ѿһۣҡҡͷû˵ʲô
ռˣ˽ǰഺĵŮǺŮôͻȻС޲ˡ֪ѺյĹϵֻǵ֮
㱻һԣԼˮʱ߳С޲µŮٿһ㡣̾һԭԼŮܱ㿴ϵġǿգ;ûʲôϷˡȻղһǹôܺһ֮Ůȣ
뵽ٲЩԹȻ㻹Ůѹˡ
̣ٳЦźһ
ٵ˵ͷһѺһۣЦһллˡ
Ӧģһ䡣
һ仰ûһ㶣ѵϲѺչϵȴɣ뵽⣬ҡҡͷ˼ųȥ˵Ժ󲻹ЩˡôôɡƷٻǺŵġ
ȣԭΪǹܰѵ˰û뵽һ̾һ
ʲôʵ
СжʵǿڡǣȥҲǰ취̾һѾθˡ
غǿ𣿡
ǿǲǿ˷θ͵û˰㲻ǿҲҽʦ˵ߺҽʿϣߺҽʿġ˵⣬ɬ
˵ͷҲʲôۡ
ټˣĵЩʧҲ˵̫ԡ˵˼֮󣬾뿪ǰȥչѸס
պҲĶԻ뿪֮տ˵ûа취
㿴һۣЦ˵˼Ҷż㼱ʲô㻹Ҫļ棬Ǹһظۡ
ռҧ촽޺޵ĵһۣѹˡҪѣȴҪһЮͼģѲŹ֣
ǰ޵ݺݵһ±Ĳ
۵ֱ׼һµգϽնߵ˵̣òãҲԸֻŮ̫߰ˣܲµһı顣ΪҶȥ£Ů˰Ұȥ
áµһѣʧЦͬʱְһ۵˵
ʼǣʵǰͦõģ

գЦЦ׼뿪ļҵʱͻȻ˵һ£
ţɻĿѡ
ҧҧ촽Щ׵Ķ˵
㿴һգյͷֻܸŮ˽ݡ
ܾҸףֱֱĿ㡣
ʵ϶ﵽ֮ҽʿҲҵ˵
ѳĬһɫЩף巢ŲҪܾҸףҾ뷨
˭˵ȱʾ١׼Ϸ䣬̧ͷȴͷһݣϽתƻҪһûʮɰԲĸǰŵɣٸ𰸡
˵꣬ǱӳŮ˸ոյֲ̫ԼٵϷ䣬֪ʲô顣
ǱߵıӰԭݵͻȻչһЦһЦ

뿪ļңն˵Ժñնֲ벻İ취Ҫһȥǹ˻𣿡
㿴գŮô˵һ仰룬ӦյĽͰɡϾУǿԼա
ףΪʲôպѻ˵С޲ˡ
ҵʱҲû뵽ֳô󶯾ǹС̫ˣҳַǶһŮ˳ˡսһ䡣


249 Ӱ
ûǺ˵һ¹ѵ飬Ȼܾԭ׼ȰѸ׵ġ㻹ֹʱȫʱĸĲҲһ죬ϼҲ޷ҪǣҪĵǲá
㵱Ȼûǰȥǰѷ׭Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ȥ׭ǲá
æŵʱ㵹ѵõȥҲϡʱѾﵽԲֻҪ̤һܴﵽ֮
뾫֮ں׳ǲˡ׳ǣϵľ֮Щڣ඼в֮ϵݣ硣ȻЩļ壬þλԲȻûоλȴҲž֮ʵ
ڽ֮㵱ȻѯʺϣҵǺûбչأܵõָ㡣
ǣ꣬ػ꣬꣡ǣһ壬ۣΪΪ࣬ΪΪӢƽ⣬ΪΪȥһǿ֮⣬Ҫһ͵ꡣֻ㹻ǿ󣬲ܿᱻǿɡĻǣ֮ǼޣΪûĻܿƵļޡҪǿǶȻûǳܲԴﵽԲ󣬾ҪѻǵһϽ͵
ʿ޵ѵ֮Ҫʿһ𣿡ɻʵ
ҡҡͷʵʿߣҪڸһ档߸ʿʵÿһĹ˫ޡֻǲصķ治ͬԣ˲ŻȫƽĹ˫޹ߺʿȴҪ治ͬŵǵְҵͬʿǴǵѶҪԶԶǿߣߴǿҪԶԶǿʿ
Ǿˣһ֮ʿҲҪǿ֮ûпɱԣ
ͲŻȻͷ˵Ҫˣ
Ĺ˫ޣԴǿҪѲ١Ҫ̤һѣҿʱﵽһΣҪҵǴҲһЩҪȻ㵥ѡ
ϲ̽壬ǿȱǿ̫ˡ˫ޣڲصļҪһѶȡ
˵ͷҲһ¾ܲ뾫ֻ֮ǡ
ϣϴνֵʱ˵֮ôģʵ
ǣÿһһ硣Խ࣬ԽֲһǵĲ༫֮󡣱֮ҲҪǿࡣ֮ʱһܿԽսھ֮һѡرǺ֮ÿһĲ࣬ǿֲϽ͵
ʧź˵ǴӢǿʼ𣿡
ϳĬһͻȻ˵ҪǱˣһ˵㷢һһǡ㲻ͬǴӢǿʼȻǣǣһֱȥ˳кô
ѵǰ˳ģʮ⡣
Ǻǣڱ˵ܷһǶѡлץסֵǣǲǰ˳㻹кܹĿռ䣬˳ڵ»ǵߵҲΪԺ°Խ棬Ҫ޸ǵ˳ԽѡòҪİ˵
ţˣͷ
ȣҪĻǾͺðˡЧ뾫׾١ǣҡ̾һֻܿԼˣҲָֻһ¡
ȻҲû취顣Ͼҡ
ˣһҪ㣬뾫֮ʱ׽¡Ҫ֮ʱǿĶࡣѵ
ûзϣף㵹ǲסϼ㲻⣬ȻЦЦҲ˵ʲôʱСӾ֪ˡ
ڼѯһЩϸں󣬺ҲûʲôҪ˵ģ˳ŵ㣬˵Ҫչһʱ䡣Ҫʲôʾȥʵֲˡ
֪ˡһϡ

֮ӳȥż⣬ʱ䶼ҪӢҳǣʱȥһֻεķ֪ûһֱչҲá
㣬Ҳߵۡ
㣡ã⺢⼸쵽ȥˣҲӰЩ簮Ŀ㣬꣬ԽԽϲˣĵЩûһŮҪȻ޸㡣
һһԵҶ˼Ůǵߵ࣬Ļǧ̬ϧ֮䲻䣬ǱĶƥ䡣
̣㿴ǰӺݻŮˣȻܸоĵĺơһԱߵҶ˼Ҷ˼洩ɫ壬Ե֫ϸ̡ͦҶ˼ѩһ㾻׵ӣ򢣬޲ɢ˵Ļ̬㲻ۼĶҶ˼̵ͦ졣
Ҷ˼ľٶϼ죬û뵽⻵СӵҲ˵Ϸǻ͸ˡ
ʲôʱȴңҲǵģ»ôҲȥ̶ΪſڿӡҶ˼һۣһ۷֣ĽëַŻȥ᲻
ǾǵſڿӾǡν˵Ҿһӵܡӵܲϲſڿ𣿿ȣҲǵģ˵һҶôͱأ
Ҷ˼ûЦ䱧ԹǲŸо㻹һӣСƢء
ˣҵĴү˭˵ӵܰҶ˼һۣЦ˵Ҷ֪һУܳˣʵǫľӡ㿴ʲôʱȥɣ
ĿƵĿҶ˼ĿҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬֪ϲһ𣿡
Ҷ˼һڣһ΢Цû仰һ
ϲҶ˼ʲôǺ档
ҾϲҶ˼ֳʵ˵
Ҷ˼һۣ̲סЦЦתĨ˵ô࣬ǿԼ
Ҷ˼εЦЦʲôʱȴ壿
˵пվ͹ȥɡҲ֤һܾΣֻܾѡ
Ҷ˼ͷͽɣ
пգ
Ҷ˼һ۵常һֱпգүûڣ˭ȥأ

Ҷ˼㣬ͬû뵽ټҶʱӰˡʹֻΪһ仰ԸȥһǵС塣


250 ⶾ
ټļңһʱ֮޴롣ڻٵ棬߲ʵһнʵġΡΡСд⿴ЩΡֻȽݣǰȥ̽Ѹ׵Ĳ飡
ʱڳ˯㿴ݻƸݵݣߵҶ˼жܾˣ
мˡҶ˼شһأܶ
ϴҸķ׭𣿡Ҷ˼ͬʱʩչһ
һЩãЧֻ΢΢һЩءĶֻһ㶾أûá
Ҷ˼˵ʱ򣬾ҲƳһЩγɶɢա˻סͬʱֱ˦֮䣬ЩҲ򿪣ЩŴɢ
֮УϸϸĲ̽壬б鲼ءٴΰ鲼θλãַθҲȾһЩء
ˣֹһ

ֹñսһûϣɫ԰ףʧɫ
Ҷ˼Ҫվȵѣ޺޵ĵһ㣬Ҷ˼ﲻ֪ʲô˼⻵СӻϰˣʱҪһѡ
Ҷ˼С˼ȻһЦҲں׼ʵ˵ŻŻѣҶ˼ֵֻۣʼ
ȻˣǱҶֻشҲûһȻҲҪġװĺƴƣ˽ûע⵽ڵſ㣬ô
Ȼ˼֣鷳ؽθ鲼ȻǿҪҲѡҪҵⶾҩﻹãǵʵƳĻ⡭
˵ͷҲߵĲ̽µ壬üͷҲ˺󣡡
ѵ˶Զ봲ͷһɹСɹµ壬һ̵Ķϴµиֳ㿴ӿĶʩչѶǣɢ
紶̲Ķŷ֣Щ͹µж
һ֮һ۽ŵĿĻٺˣĿⶢϡܴķθ
ոԹȥǲѡѵǣҪѡвĻȫ׷ֶһֻԽԽѴֱ˵
˵ͷ̵Ķü̾һôֶ
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ҡҡͷû˵̫ࡣⶾ棬лһι¡ⶾΪزǿűܵġֻһСôǣѵǲСմȾϵģ
а취𣿡ʳѺͻʵĻ
ͷ취һǾǰѽҩҵȻ֮
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˷ֹȷӿɹɵĶأػŨƮѺҶ˼˺ȥ
ٺһϴ㣬ҲЩ㵡û뵽㻹һҽʿѿ꣬ɫ͸Ϊˡ
ԽԽ˳֣㴫˲ٵҽȴáʱ׭ǴʱʩչϵͳİЩһ顣
෱ҽ룬ʱҲһҽʿɡã֮ҽʿûһܱȵġϾʩչĶǴĵҰ󣬸ҽ
˻ϣһֱһʱʩչֲȥˡϵʩչѾĵĲˡ
ͷӿĺˮ΢΢Ц͵ɡټ
㿴һ۴ϵ£ɫ˴롣ոڵҲ΢΢˵ͷ͸ոһʱڵһϵĶرɢ㲢ûΪ̫ˡΪԽԽѡ
ǽվ͵ɡԼȥɡ˵
仰ȴûٴͣ뵽ȻֱӸ¾͸᲻ᡭ
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Ȼֻʮ꣬ϵƲԸûбİ취һҪǣ
뵽⣬ЦЦ뿪ļҡ
ٸ׼׷ȥȴ㺰̣㲻ùˡ꣬һ壬ϵĲĶظ
Ҷ˼ЩҲЦ̣㰴˵С
ŵͷ˵ѣдС˼㣡
Ҷ˼ݣѸĬ֪Щʲô顣
㲽͵ͣûзӦײϡѺԼֻʣ¼׵ļ϶Ѱ͹µ壬ĵײɴ̾ϧٽһ㣬ײˡ
£һƵѡ
ѵ˵ͷĬһ˵Ҹܾι𣿡
ˣÿأʩչֻ㸸ҲõĿ졣˶䵭ģǷʮģȻãҲûмˡ㸸׿϶òˡ㼫Ϊ˵
Ҫô˼ҧ촽Щס
Ϻ䣬Ҫ㡭ڿڿˣˮоҶ˼֣Ͻ
һǰȥҶ˼ˮ
Ҷ˼Ӱεĵһ۵㰡ѸոնĹۣƫƫҪˡ
ȻһЦǰͦгɾ͸еģĿҲǻһˣһֱȥҪȻͻȻˣܲˡ
Ҷ˼εЦЦҲ޷㡣


251 Х
ʱһȥµĶҲڽļ١㼸ÿһ춼۵ѡԭۼżϷһӵҲίǣûաߣΪʱˣȻ׸ôѲٴɫѵ㣬ҪѺһЩ
ճֳָ̬߰ƨɵ뷨
ٴΪغӹѵݹˮۼָѵĻϼɺʱ㲻ۼ˵һһѧǹģ
ߣ仰ûͬ壬Ǻһ˹ȥһֺıӰʧУĿɿڴЩӦź˵ЦС޲µѣЦãСôͲԼˣ
ÿһĻЦļҪԳŮ˱ģҪϰߡ
ӵĿһ޹ϵļһĵôָܻԼжħ
㣡ȥһطȡݣһȥҪҩ׼áܲܽϵĶأͿƵĽҩûˡ˵
˵ͷЩѾϵĴ붾ضˡֻʣһ㣬θеһ㣬ҽУ²СࡣĵȻЧڵˮƽɢѾǼ¡
ţҺҶ˼һȥȡͷӦ
Ȼظۡˣһ̸ЦŮգЦ棡

㻹ûüһ䣬ͼЦﳤȥ
ռ˫Ļͫ㣡ô۸ˣ
յˮת촽һһ֮ɢ˹磬ʮջƽ̬յյĲ԰Ρ
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Сɱ˵һ۸һŮñġҪΪǵ׸ˡЦҵײܱˡ
仰ͬʱַ߷߲ƽѵԼ׻ȲĲɣ
˵ѵɱҪˡں׳ﻹ˭˵һӵܡ˵⣬տЦ
ʼ粻ͣӵܵġȴûһõȣаŮô
գǲҪҲ޺޵ĵһۣһղ㡣
ԣԣոϽͣ˵˵ֲѧԺΪװεǸ䣬Ц

ŮȻԸомܲסҲûٺ޼Ů˵ʲôݺͻ˵˼䣬ݸһЩ׭
ڶ˯𴲣ں˵Ҫȥ󡣾ǰҵҶ˼Ҷ˼һȥȡݡ
ݵǺֻں׳ȴʮϡ١׳ǲֻһǺ׳ΧһĳǳһҲ̤УΪиֶڣЩʵﵽ֮ԣûбҪǰ
һȻԸȥ˵һҩݣֻȥһˡ
Ҷ˼Ĵ·£û·ڻѲʱڿǸĳ
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ͷҲȥһݶѡʲôΣյģ
Ҷ˼ͶȥһĵõĳܴҪȻҲô඾
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ڻѲʱһƬӲҵһݣϲϯһѳݸ˳
еĳݣ΢΢ЦЦȻѵʱ䲻١ȴҵˡµĶˡ
ţȥҪúõСźһ£ô顣źһԼ˵ȥˡĵֹ
õݣҲûмɡӰ·ȥһ·֮ϣŲٶﱻֽЩеǾȣʲôȻô඾
ȻҲȥ̽⡣ô궼û˲̽ĳԼô֪
˳׼Ҷ˼ʱȴҶ˼ӰΧߴСӣҪҪүƯŮˣ
¶ȵĹâ̰˶Ҷ˼ϡû뵽ϻŮˡõŮˣǿһۣо٣Լ
ŮˣߵŮǰЩŮ˲һЩӲݶѡ
üͷ˵İΧСü¶֮ɫҶ˼Ҷ˼֣Ҷ˼㣡ߣ
ߣүǻߣ˹Ц֮ɫ
ŭ
ѽСƨͲƢǲСھӢˣٺ٣ϧ㲻񡣡Ц
ͣ²ˣ˳ֿɢϢΪֲǲھ֮
֣ھ֮ʲôɣѵҶҼðҪҶ˼
ָУŬĺ˼䡣ȴϻشϻڱչءһǲܽˡ
Сӣôүú棿۾Ҷ˼ǳȡû뵽ǰʰȻˡܺһ׷ҲԸⰡ
ǻХڵģҶ˼˵
ǺǣСӵмܿš˿佱
ʱҲ˼һۣû뵽ǻХڵˣ鷳ӲյҲš
ȥһţҲҳԲѷҶ˼һд
Сƭ˭˭֮ǣ˭֪ģӹЦ


252 Ҷ˼ľ
ȻЩͷˣ־Ҷ˼ץ˹ȥҶ˼͵ĺˣһ׵ֱۡץֱۣ׵£Ǹ˱ĺĺһ¶־ȿ㣺ϵʿ
㿴˵Хǰ׳ǵҡѵ׳Ǻ費ɣ
仰ҪǺ׳ǵ˵мơëû˵㲻ÿЦ𣿡˴Ц
㶢ŶԷڵӿӿֱۡ
ľٶʮֲмһϴֻǳְСӽ
ɣϴ˵꣬ȻһЦֱۻ裬ɹڱӿϯԱߵһСˮУһˮˮм㣬ˮˮ֮ȥ
žյˮɫһ䣬۳һѴ󵶣ˮȥһ֮£ˮһӿ㱻ˣ̤һĽӡˮʱҲˮ飬£Ҷ˼ʪ
Ҷ˼һȹˮʪȹ壬ȫ¶ɢջ˿ˮֱʡ
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Ҷ˼ͬɫһ䣬˵ߣùң
Ҷ˼һۣû˵ʲôһҧӽָȡöɫķ׭Щ׭УԼԼõĸֲƳɵĽջ׭Щ׭ΪϵԵʣֵܱ֮
Ҷ˼ԼͬʱʩչһöҲС
ԭҪһҶ˼ûеֵǵ㲻߿ֻܷҶ˼ǰ
˼Ҷ˼ϽһΪл׭ֻ˷ķ׭ѡ
˵꣬Էһȭ˹סԷԷȭͷƿڷ׭ĽϡһȭͺİΧĽżۡ
ĵ׾˵ʵŶ֮ϵʵҪȻԲֻһȭͰԲķ׭ĿҪơ
Էȭ˲ѡ״Ͻʹһ׭
ٺ٣ҵҪ㻹жٷ׭ãԷЦҲûκλΣһȭݺݵĺ㡣ѹϡֲƸ㣬ʵߣĻҵʵ
ʵֵܵġָǺȴءĺ
ģһ䣬Էһȭȭ£ķ׭һθо˽
Ҷ˼ӡ᲻Ͻôûбһ˿Ҷ˼ѡŵǰǸꡣҶ˼˿ɣ׭ʱ򣬾ʱ
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㣡Ҷ˼һ㣬ʱһ׭ѣ㲹һߣ
ߣͣСɱˣٺ٣׭ҪǮƵġŵЩСӡһ˺ٺٵаЦ
ϴ϶һ֡Сӷ׭̫ˡ˷ˡȻԸȥ˺
Ҳǣ˴Цһʮɵϣ磬ѹҶ˼ϣҶ˼ʧɫ亹ðȦֱ㣬Ѫɫȭ£֮
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ֲҶ˼ûע⣬Ҷ˼ûˡ΢΢ƽϢ˾̡תͷ˵ˣżЫ常̫ʹ죡
ǵһμ֪󣬾ŵҶ˼̬Ҷ˼䵽µ˵ͷһӿ˾סģһġ
ЩңҺڳһʱ˯ľ˹Ҫ׶༪١
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Ҷ˼ͷߡҶ˼ȴǵլӡҶ˼ʱû˼˵̫ࡣ
Ҷ˼㣡û£Ҷ˼˵ոİŻˡ
Ҷ˼ŵĵ˵ͷȴץ㡣صǵլС㿴Ҷ˼һʪ͸ȻΪջ󣬿ɻҶ˼ǰԡ
Ҷ˼һ·ԭľҲ滺ָȥϴԡȥˡ
Ҳûˮϴһ£漴⴩һϡĵ׵Ҷ˼ոձų룬ոûиеһҲܵϾָлмٵ׭ֻûֲ˶þǣҪʰ
Ҷ˼ų̬ľ̲ס
Ҷ˼ϴԡÿͼȫ㣬ɫ˺죬ȴװߵǰô·
Ҫ˯ģҪѣαٴ
Ҷ˼Цá仰˻ô·ʲôÿ쵽϶Ҫѵġ
㿴Ҷ˼Ҷ˼һɵԡۡȻɣǵɹճزęȵÿһߣ֮ȳԡ۵Щͣ¶СƬ֬ƵļЩԡ
ȥ˯ˡҶ˼Щҵ˵
˵˵Ҳ֪ƭ˭
Ҷ˼һ㣬վû뿪ķ䡣


253 ǲ̫
·Ҷ˼һۣЩߺ죬޶ˡּ㿴ԡ۵ڣָϽİѷĴϣ߻谵ȴɢ컵Ϣ
棬Ҷ˼Ҷ˼㣡˵˵ɣ
Ҷ˼Ĭһߵͷߣѹűӣͬһĸñӡ
㲻𣿡ƿһǱӣĴǣҶ˼˵˵ôԶЩۡ
һ䲻֪ƭ˭ĻҶ˼ԥһ£ӣȴŲŲԶһЩ
˿˽ŵҶ˼ϴ㣬洫Ŭķɢ˼
ôͲ£Ҷ˼ЩƺҪҵͻȻ㡣
ţһ㶣漴˵Ҫɱ飬ЦЦΪ˵˵Ȼžηȴ˵˲١ʱҲЩ־壬ЩܰҶ˼²¾ͲҪˡ
Ҷ˼˫㣬ҪпһʲôȴֻǺЦ
Ҷ˼оļ˲һɱȫ
Ҫ˵ʲôҶ˼㣬ҪѰŻ⡣
΢΢ƶһ£Ҷ˼һЩȻֻƶһ㣬ǴȴֻôƶһҶ˼ȣϴȺŵľ˵ԣԡļ㴥ʮֻ塣
Ҷ˼䶯һҪ뿪ִҶ˼ϸ֫ϴĵ͵ȻЩ޷Լ
ԸоҶ˼΢΢ֲ֣㶯Ҳ뿪
Ҫ˵ʲôҶ˼ظһϣȵġ
ҽһЩŶҶ˼˵
ҪҶҶ˼ҿ㣬΢΢ˮ
һְֻҶ˼Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ȣȻҶ˼һЩƲ鶯
˳Ҷ˼֫ĽԡУЩ廬˶ˣ˼Ҷ˼͵һҶ˼Ө͸У
㻹һʮꡣҶ˼һ˿ǣĿ⿴Щȵ
᲻̫ĪĻشһ䣬ֱֱҶ˼ŬĿ鶯ƺżż档
Ҷ˼˫ĺڵӣĬһ󣬷ſץ֣۾΢΢ϣ˫ֽ㣬Щ
ֽԡУЩֵСִҶ˼ѩ׵Ĵڲ࣬һΪ彿ۣĦţʱʱһ㱡ɴѹһҶ˼糺죬һˮ
Ҷ˼۵Ĵʮְԡ۸ԡѹҶ˼һͷ㷢ïıԡڼһ
ңҶ˼΢΢ӣͬ߰תĻΡ
ûдҶ˼Ҷ˼õļ͸죬֬㿴̲סͷϮ
𣡡Ҷ˼һܲ˴̼Ҷ˼ͬ߰Ťӳȡ
Ҷ˼̲סȲ㣬Ҷϡо۵Ķ̰Ұһʳҡ
Ҷ˼Һ죬Ķ糺첻ˣʱʱķһߣû潥

еҪ࣬˵гҡ󼸺ƣ
Ϣһ֮Ҷ˼ָһЩָͬʱҶ˼Ҳָ˹ץԱߵıӣԼεİסϻδɢҺ졣Ҷ˼ǰ꣬ɬûгȺͰȫҶ˼ͻȻƽ˵ǲӦ˵ġоԼһŮˡ
ͷۣȻҶ˼ʲôŮ˾ȻΪԼѳֲסԴץסҶ˼ڱе֣Ҷ˼ѵΪһһꣿ
Ҷ˼û˵ĬĿ㣬ȻΪոյΪںˡ㣬ߵһġ
ҧ촽һ۲Ҷ˼ĵ֪Ҷ˼ոɥʧǺܴԭΪŵԵʡȻԸҶ˼Ľᣬ§Ҷ˼֫Ҷ˼΢΢ܣİԵ£ֻϡ
ĿƽִżעҶ˼Ҷ˼߸ĽëߵŮˣоһҩʮ壬ȴų˼˵ֱܶԼҶ˼֪жôˡĻǧ̬
ַҶ˼ûҶЩ˼˵Ҷ˼ŲţһֽȻ෴ģһܾ۸΢šһɫȮŵµĻŹӡײһںϽϣֻô
Ҷ˼˼־񣬲ô˵ЩĪĻ
ЦЦҶ˼˵ײһ𣬻ɫȮܱܲ΢ļȥѪû׷󡣵ھ׷Ī⣬Ҫľϧڣδ뵽ֻǴʱźѡ
Ҷ˼㶣˵᲻̫ݳޣ
Ҷ˼ӣǰŰһ仰΢΢һ˵ǵǰһ仰˵Ů֮ĸ飺ãã˺УʱĻҰˣһҲһôҲûʲôĿ˵ΨһŶԭҲ⡯Ψľ磬ֻ룬ȻڶԵʱ䣬Եĵص㣬ԵˡûзĿܡֵȻʺġоƽ
ĺܷ˲ҮҶ˼һ۵⻳˵㶼
㿴Ҷ˼Ҷ˼¶һ˿ЦݣҶ˼͹˼˲١
һȻɫɫŮˡȴδȢ˲֮ǰһŮˡ˵ĪѣĪ顣ŨʱȴضԣҪȥϰ飡ЩûԵġ㿴Ҷ˼˵
Ҷ˼һЦһһף֪жŮӱƭĵ
Ҷ˼֪Ҷ˼ȫͻһҪΪҶ˼ԶĻԻᶾ
Ҷ˼ֻҪһڰοԼѣǰɫȮ˵
ƭҶ˼͹ˡŮ˲ǸƣҶ˼
أҶ˼ͻȻʵ
һ仰˲Ϣġ㿴Ҷ˼˵᲻̫
Ҷ˼һ۵ով͹ģ
һ仰ܵסҶ˼ıӣȥ
𡭡
Ҷ˼һͣ



254 
ҿûԺãڶ峿׼ٴβҶ˼ʱҶ˼űӻصķ䣬Žţȥͷ۲ѣҶ˼ζ㣬ͻȻˣͬ񫱻һܡ
Ҷ˼ףܷſ顣ȴ޶ɬܷſٺ
û뵽ڶҪȵһλҪѣͷ۲ѡⲻĥ𣿿Ƕ⣬Ҳûа취
Ҷ˼ϴˢϺŴϼǰһǰۡ
Ҷ˼ߵۡڿҪʱ򣬸Ͻɿ֡ûЦŮѵϲڶ岻ɣʱ򣬲Ҳ֣ҲᡣҪͻȻôˡ
׼ЦҶ˼ȻЦһע㣬µСȭͷв
ţЦŬֹסЦ⣬ֻҶ˼аȣɫĶҪҧݰ쵽䣬ݺݵȥʹ㣬Ͻɿ˼¡
͸£Ǵģǲ⣬ҪǿԺұ־룬ǻࡣЦſҶ˼
Ҷ˼һۣϴζЦݣһҧ촽ְ˲ǰڴ
Ҷ˼ǺЦҪٳ꣬ɬĻɲŮò
һ仰ƽҲ˵Ļ˿йҶ˼ĿҪγѪ
Ҷ˼Ųסĵ׺Цȴòעǣ֪Ҷ˼֪֮䷢˹ϵ
ʼҵ룡Ҷ˼㲻ңٵȼ꣬Ҳˣʱ򲻾ÿԺҶ˼˫ɶˡ
ЦתͷעҶ˼Ҷ˼ɫ󣬻Ϊ仰ԵʡЦ㣺⺢ӻ湻̰ĵġճҲҶ˼٣ǸԴ׵ļŮǺǣ㻹ǵģͲճԴףΪһ
仰Ҷ˼ķ䣬һ£һҶ˼û
Ȼʹĺܣȴұ¶ǹɣżί˵˵⻰˵ľˡС㲻˵һҶѹо޴󡣶ļС椣ûҺɫ֪ð̸ҽһĺˡ
һ仰Ҷ˼ϸΪȴҪװҶ˼ûʲôӡ
㰡Цһ⻰Ҳǰ˵˵ҪɲùҪģȷʵһġǺǣͿûбˡûб£ҿ׷ˡ
һ㶣֪ǸŮôߣһġ
˭ɻʵ
ٻ㰡ǺܹᣬЩϡ˵
һ仰ûٻ᣿Ҫ˵浾㲻ŮһӱҲᣡҪϱٺ٣벻֪ٻôֻѣˣǳĶǸˮ
Ҷ˼˵˵ȥٻɡ˵峤㡣ҲǵģʲôʱҳнҲ˵һ䡣ЩԹ˵
һ仰㶣Ȼʶٻĳѵ˵ٻ㿴ԼȻͳ˵ˣǳҲԼǾˣԽԽֿܣĵţôܾܾ
̣ûд鱦֮ʵŮƸҪǶĻԼǿԿһµġ
鱦ʲôɻʵ
ûУ㼫Ϊʧֹһѵٻڿռ䱦У
룬úֿܡ뵽⣬ͺ˵̣Ҿȥ
˵꣬㲻شͿ첽ᡣ
⺢ӣıӰҡҡͷ漴Ҷ˼Ц⺢ǲȱǮãôʽ鱦飿
ȱǮҶ˼ЦЦĸˡ¿һУġ˵ģսڻ¡
Ҷ˼ô˵ҡҡͷŽ鱦ʲô⺢Ӱ
˵꣬Ҳûѯ㣬ǺҶ˼˵ŻȻ鲻Խ̸Ҷҵ顣
Ҷ˼Щû˵ҪΪҸĸ治ҶС㡣
óҶ˼ƣҶ˼˵һҶҡҵĸŮܲ۸ҵҪں׳ҶҸҲҲܼӡ
ô˵Ҷ˼Ҳżϲɫллĸ
⺢ӣһʲôһҶ˼Цûˡ

ߵٻ㾲;ţһϾ޹չŵϢԼ񴥶һֵŵ˲Ĵš
ٻ㣬ĵŮˣɢŨŨζ
ˣһٻû㣬ȿڣʹĸоĴٻϿǺܵ
Ǹʵһû׼㿴ٻ㣬ٻĴþôһ顣
ţٻɻĿ㣬˵ʲô
ʵɣҾƸ黹ĺáȻǰ͵͵ĶҼƸ񡣡˵
ţٻɲ
𣿡֣ѵԼˡӦðҪĻǻʲôǳҡ
ʲôƸ񣿡ٻûŹ㣬ѯʵ
Ŷһ䣬ں˵ŶҲûʲô˵Ҫ׼ƸҪȥס
һ仰ٻסˣ͵վȵң
ѵüٻʧ̬ģĵ͵Цͬʱ̾һҵʱҲ˵СӱĵŹġǣ檲ôȣһûսˡ
ٻɫģҧݣһ˵һʰġ
ٺ١ĵ͵Цȴ¶漴ٻ㵭˵ʵҲġ
ţʲôͱĶǿһЩѣٻһɲܸ
ҾͲ֪ˡʼװġ
ˣ˵ңʲô£ʵ
ٻ㻹ҧгУ仰ŻָһЩ˵Ҳ㣬峤Ҷ˵һ仰
ţʲôɻѣҵĳĪ˵һ仰ʲô
ٻ㵭Ŀ㣬촽³֣ģ
ʣ͵Ĵλվɴ۾Ŀٻ㣬𺳣ģ֪ģ


255 
ĺܴӻĹŶԼǾȵȶܿƬŻĵ㼣ȷϵʱɸо˵ȻųϾļҡΪĶŮÿһ˶ڣⱲӻزˣص磬ĶŮҲһĪο塣
ǰо仰˵磬һֱЩʡİ磬ȴ仰ûһʱΪٻ仰͸оѪ𶯣Ϣ
ûоԶ֪İ֪
û°ɣٻ㿴ֳӣЩأɻĿ㡣仰ôôɱ
ҡҡͷƽϢһĵ׵ٻ˵ܲ˵һ㣿
ٻҡҡͷû˵ֻ̫࣬˵Ҫö֣ǰҼһ顣ҪǾˡ
ٻĻЩʧҾǰȥһ˰ɡ
ţٻ㵭ŵĵͷûΪ仰һ
ʱҲû˼ٻϣİ磬ѵõڻĹ˵ϢȻûвȥ̽Ŀܡ
ٻ㡣
ٻޱϲ˵ں׳ǵ㣬㴦󣬺һǧˡ
ٻ˵㵹ЩĿһٻ㡣û뵽Ů˻
гûк˵ڻĵ飿ٻ㣬ٻ㲻֪һ㡣
ٻ㿴һ㣬վǿڵүү߹ңһͻĪԨԴʲôԨԴҾͲ֪ˡүү˵ǼĺܶؼǻĴġгΪʩչĵΪеĵǰѯ㡣ЩҲܷûдﵽһĵλѧϰʹңҲûʸѧϰЩĵ
ٻĻĵ׵ǾȡѵҲǻµѪɣҪȻôдĵ
ûбˣٻ㡣
ٻҡҡͷүүͺ˵Щڸһʸ֪ҪԸȵĻٹһܸĴ𰸡
ƲƲ죬Ҫٹһ꣬ԼҪʲôﲻ֪ȥүү
Ȼھǰٻ壬Ҳ֪żһٵҼ죬Һһ
ٻ˵ͷ룬ֹ
ôˣǰٻ㣬Ůôˣ
ٻ㿴㣬ɫ˺죬վʳ׼ȥҼүҲͬ⣿
ûЦȴûһ˿״үҵǲ֪ǺϲҲǣǰЩʱ򻹰ѳĶˣôͱôأ
˵ţ̲ס̾˼
ٻɫϾͱĲÿǾϴżŭȥҪǸȥҼסⱲкӹ
ʼһǲĺãԼԸɡҲǣӻѱ߲أôܴء
ֹ˼ٻžϸĨһŭĵ׾ʹЦ
쵰ϴβҹԼСƷҵҪʱ˭Ʒٺ١
ʱڴеҪ֪һôõĻ㻹Ǻģһһ϶Ѫ쵰ҪҪǳ𰡣
ٻһǰȥǰ棬ٻĬĬĸ㿴ǰʮ˵̣ϴǺ˵ϲٻ㣬ǳϲԲԣ
ԣԣ֪㻰壬¶õЦݣٻϲǺǣҪŮͺˡ
һ仰ƽ˵ûʲôһ˵ٻ͸о͵ϱҲŮ
ٻǿջЦĶͶȥһЦݣʮֵ䡣ֻٻŵȭͷûЦ
һรɡ

㵹ûµ飬Ľⶾҩ裬Ҳȥһ˰ѽⶾҩ͹ȥ󣬾ۡҶ˼ٻ㡣
Ҷ˼ҲΪ㷢˹ϵĲҺ㿿ֻɬַҪΪΣͿ˶ߡƫƫҶ˼ȴ֪
ĵ׺ЦŮƽĺܣʱȴôͣ仰᲻ˡ
ٻһֱĬϰٻȻţûв⣬ֻٻʱʱսȭͷĵ׾Ϊˡ
ȣ˭СӻҵƷأԺͻףҵƷǶôġĵֹ
ʱһȥ׳˵ͬʱҶ˼ĸҲվεǣҶ˼ȴˡƲѣ綾ϵĸоƫƫ˿κβҶ˼
ʹֵĹŵʱ£ҲҶ˼һǰҶҡԭҪһȥģȴ
£ֻεķۡʲôҲû
ЩѧԺûгֻܵҪ˵ѧԺҲɣѧϿȥȥȥͲȥȫ
ѧԺѧȥսļʦ·԰ѯԼӲѧԺҲһֱûʱȥ͸ǳ
ǣ׳Ǽұ֮ٴηһ¡ǹȥĶ棬ΰˣȫ˸ˡ
Ǳ˸ͬһգͬһϡҶһЩĪɱ֡ú׳Ϊ֮䶯
ܽЩ帮ۡһɱ֣Բ˵һˣȻܳ˯ɱǡ
ȻǵĿҲע⵽ϣġǣƫƫȻһŶץЩ̿ӰȥƵģЩ循ֲѡֲɱ֣ǵԴǵڿ㶵
ں׳Ϊ۷׷׵ʱĵҲȺΰɱֵǿԭֻǱԿ̬ȣȴϢʱİЩˡ
һѰѶȥӺͷ׭ƽҪô඼ûһɫĻǾûҪ˷ˡ
Ϊʲôûɱˣȥ԰̿⣬һҪԭԵʣ㲻ҪɱЩˡֻ˶Σ˵ôҪһԭ׼ɱЩ˵ģˣҲþܾ֪ǻһЩôʲôĳǽ⼸Ըļ塣
ҲЩڣҵͻƿڼֱ׾١ھɱǣ


256 
Ҷ˼㣡ǼĴӦȥĵһ˿ˣҶ˼ں׳Ǽּܲ飬ҪųȥĻ߾ȹĻҶҼҪԸҲҪһ㡣
Ļô⻹ö常Ҷ˼˵
Ҳ˵ˣһҶ˼ҶңԳҶԲѷү⣬ҸͷЩͶҶҼĳϸʰһ١ȻҶ˼ҪţȻûһ˷Եģˡ
ҶҼԭŰҶ˼ŵһɽȥδ뵽һֱ̫ϳϣһȴҶ˼ȥ
̫ϳͻȻ˵ѣҶҼҲΪ֮һȻһڳȻͣΪֻĿ³Ϊʵ
㵱Ϣʱĵ׵Ǿ̾ں׳ǵơֱܵҶȥ֣ҶҾȻҲˡʱŷ֣Щ̫Сˡ𵱳Դֻ֮һʵɲ⡣ԭΪֻ֮ڿԶԶֹˡ
ãҲҪȥǣǿԺҶ˼һȥͻȻЦٻȻûк˵㻹Ǵ԰֪ٻڵλá
ҲȥҶ˼ЩϲԭΪҪ뿪㣬ĵ׻ʮֲᣬȴû뵽һϲ
ЦЦǰҶ˼Ķӡĺˮ˸Ź̺촽΢΢ţ΢¶׵ݣȻЦľϲ̬עЩͣŻȡ
Ҷ˼ˣﲻ֪ʲôɫ͵һ¾ͱͨ죬Щһֱøְ취ܾ㣬˼ûзſɲԸٷʲô
Ҫ˯ˣȥҶ˼㣬ҪƳȥ
ãҶ˼˯Ҳ˯ôһɣЦſҶ˼ĿҶ˼ˮ䣬Ļꡣ
Ҷ˼ǰɫӣаĹǳЦ͸¶һаȣҶ˼̵ȥȥ
Ҷ˼ĻҶ˼һκ󣬾;þòմȾҶ˼Ҷ˼жôˣ
ֳҶ˼֫ԲęžĶǵĵԣԼ壬һĵУ΢΢
ſңǴأҶ˼Ĺâ˶뵽ڴҲʹ
ҿ᲻÷ſҶ˼㣡Ͱɡҳɲ˵ʷټ¼ԻνЦЦ
Ҷ˼ĻЦãԵę⣬Щ˵ͷˣɿңҪ¡
Ұ㣡
˵꣬Ҷ˼ȥҶ˼͵һӽӲ˵Ҳҷ𣿡
Ҷ˼£ȴû˿
Ҷ˼ҧűһȴֱ΢΢ӣиĻռ䡣
Ҷ˼ӣ̬дĦϸǣ˿壬Ĳ£Ҷ˼Ϸκ죬ͬתЩأȶ㡣
ʱ˶ǵҵͷˡƺϷС
Ҷ˼һۣĿϻҵƿĽëţ˫ˮ̬ɢջûǸܵò
Ҷ˼ûУȥҶ˼۱ѩ׸ͦΣ˵Ĺ̺Ȼ
Ҷ˼վܲӣֵţȴ֪ѹȣ㿴ĸ
Ҷ˼һ£ȵϢӿϣо˶Ҫѣˣֻʩչ
Ử£омһƬʪ

Ҷ˼ߣһ䲻ȴ֪ʲô
Ȼɣ
ĽʹΪ˵㣬˿̶̲סһ񣬴żֲ붴֮Уʪ廬ȣһ£Ͳûֲס
Ҷ˼ĵڶΣٻЩʹüͷѹĶ

ȻҶ˼йһΣһȻϴθиоҶ˼Щ֪㣬˵Ҳ֣Ҷ˼ϣһԽԽ͵ƣʮֹŹ֣㵽Ҷ˼ϡ
ôһ룬㵹ǾûһˣŮȫֲ˼ʸǰʾɫÿУ޲ÿʱÿ̶룬Ҷ˼ԼҲûʲôֵġ
䵽ǽ岻Ҷ˼ȻʰһȴһۣתоԼҪˡ
Ҷ˼㻳УȻСƺꡣºܰѾֵĥţҲû
§Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ȵ۾ԼУıҶ˼ʮ
Ե˼Ҷ˼ӣܰĸоþδоˣЩۣҲĽЩʹĻֻôֱֱӣҶ˼Щ˼ͷܿȵ
ŮˣһҶ˼˵ʱԼΣѺٴλصδŮˣܱӵС
Ҷ˼Ļעĺ۾о˼Ҷ˼ΪһֱûиĸΪҶܾĥԵʡ
Ҷ˼ı㣬ͷţ˵ôأ㣬һֱ㡣
ɫӨͬѩŮˣǸϵ̡ΪʲôҪ˺Ů˷ֿô޲ðŮȥ
Ҷ˼ֱֱЩƣɫϼ죬ָһץ㣬ż߻ŵ˵˵
㿴Ҷ˼Ҷ˼޶ˣǽȴ
׼˵ʲôȴĵһһ㶣漴ϲ뵽У̽ŸոĻںϵĸо
ôˣҶ˼ͻȻͣɻ㡣
㿴Ҷ˼оȲѡոյĻ꽻ڣȻǵĴڡ
Ҷ˼ҵĸǡ㿴Ҷ˼ͻȻЦѹ˼˵⽻ڣǲأ
ţҶ˼ɻĿ㣬˵ʲô
΢΢ЦЦҲûͣ˼ٴγУȴҲҲָоˡɻѣϸϸ̽һֻεķ
Ժ󻹵úҶ˼Ρʼ
Ҷ˼ߣ챻ˣ̲סؿںݺݵҧһڡ
ǻ͸ˣе˭Ҷ˼ҧ꣬ؿڵӡĸؿڣȴݺݵ˵


257 ǰ
ѧڸۡĴʱ׳ҲСûԳ֣ȴָʾԻʱں׳ȻΪһȻ
˿ǲ£ȥΪһŭ֮⣬ʱڸۡ¡ں׳Ǹٹ̵ȴףʱĺ׳Ǵ붼ƿС
ķӿֻǵõһôĺôһϵ˷ֹϵġе˼Զ
ʱǰÿһȥҪٵʱ䡣
һΣ鷿һǼСʱЦŶҶ˼ٻ㱧ԹүôˣȻÿһľôá˵ȥҲţ
Ҷ˼ЦЦǲʲôϾƽͲһ͸еꡣٻȴҲʮֺ棬ôô໰˵
ڼŮĵʱҲ˵ŻĲӿԻһˡڵѧں׳ѾʲôˣҲñ̫иʽˮܣʱѧԼȻߡ
ĻЦļ˵Ҫ㣬Ҳˡ
Ҳѹô˵ڶԸѧϵϣṩ˲ٿܶ취ǰ˵ߵ͢Уպ׳ǡ
ǰû㵱꿴Щ֣̽ǾһıȨˡ
忪Цˣһһֻ꣬ſں˵ѡ΢΢ЦЦһҪ壬Хڵյ⣬һҪǰ׳ǣϣչһ¡
ţ˵ͷ̾һ治Ը뿪׳ǣյһעһµģХڵҪǸҾһزȥ
ô˵ŷģ˵ͷתͷٻ㣬ͻȻʵʲôʱ
ٻɨһۣ漴˵׼ʱԣ
Ҷ˼أҶ˼
Ҷ˼ЦЦ˵ҵǲʱǾͺã
˵ͷǾɣô
ٻҶ˼û飬ʱȷˡ
ȥѧԺո£ЦŶ˵
ǰСʱûҪȥѧԺ˵˵ʱѧԺѧҵЩæЦŽ͵
ô˵̾һҲǵģһŮѧҵѡʲô¡
СǽϲȥˡΪһִˣ㵹˵İá
Цҡҡͷһ㰡ܻ軵ġ
ǸŮȥֻȥ˾᲻ˡһȥǣȻһܻģҪͻйأ㲻һ仰˵
ˣȻǾǰȥǾɡȻЩᣬûǿ
Щɻ󣬲ҵЩϼһôĪļ㡣ҺԼĹϵǲĶ㲻
ٻ㣡үүʺá˵Уϵչһ¡
ٻɻĿһۣƽﶼ˵仰ȴˡ
˼˵һһ뿪ܸ
ȻҪ뿪׳ˣҲûǺΰ¥úΰҲ֪ôˡǼѾ൱ˡ
٣󣬴Цٵŵ£Ϊ֮һûڰ档
ʼ̾һʮε˵Ϊһ꣬ÿæУʱ䵽ɢֻѡЩУʥشˡ
ǵҲǣ˵ΪһŮԴֶǷ꣬Ҳࣿ㡣
̲סһǲæźúõķչ󣬾Ȼ˼Щţ
һ仰ô̲סŽźݺݵ㣬ҪĻ㶼˵ĳѹֺΰ˵ʱһҪ˵Σ˭Σ
ڴĻӣһԱĺΰʵң
ΰһۣŤͷش𣬿е˼ԣشԶɵ⡣
״Ц˰ɣ¥ø¥㣬㻹ʲôҪ˵ģ
ӵĿһָۣܲΪȻ˵ҵô࣬ŶӶ֪ŵԶϼ
һ仰ôЦȻֹĭҲֻĴָݣ
ã㲻ΪȻ˵һ۴ļÿһ֮ʵɢϢʮͬʵĽһ㰵ԵͷѾЩˡ
룬ʱ׭׵ʮ֮µ߶кôԼķ׭֧֣Щ˵ʵҲ۸룬ﵽʮ첻⡣
𵱳ΰһƿ鵤¥УһȺʵǿĴˡ
𣿡Ŵ
˵ͷҲûȤ档
ͷźΰ˵ҽȥ
ΰͷ겻ᡣźΰĵ׵ǲˣ˵˼ʺɱһУ¥ɫϾôΪ֮ȣôܲõǣΰٶȥһƴ֮Ļû˭ȵϡ
Ҫ֪ǽܹŴУѵ˵ΰҲܹʲôУ
̤뷿䣬ǺһһЩ㿴һӡʹǴ᲻ͬǣȴº͵Цݣ಻档ǰ죬ͳЩ֤ݳ׳ǵѪ¥¥
ã˦ƹĻ泹סҸ׼кΰǰȥѰ쿴㣬º͵Ц⡣
Ŵ˵ͷЦʣʲô飬ȻҪѰ
ɣ˵һһۺΰ˵Ǻ¥˶ҵһƿ鵤Ҽʡʮʮ߰Ȼһ¾ˡ
ʼҪĻҷһǺˡ
ǾͶлˡЦ˵
ԭһ䣬û뵽ȻҪϾӦ˹ȥƤԼľˡ
㻰˵ȥǲþܾ̾һΰȵȸλ¥ÿ˻ȥǵãҪЩûﵽʮġ
鵤Ȼ˴ﵽʮ죬ǱϾʱƣЩ˷ôãͣġȻҪǾͻȥ
ĻʹСӱƤԼǱȲˡ


258 ۹
٣ǵûк㿪ЦҪһЩ鵤ҪһЩˣǿ˵ԭѪ찵¥УѪ¥ǿ¥Σ¥λ󡣲һƿ鵤£¥ͶռͷˡȻ¥ǺϲģϾ¥ԽǿԽǿ
ڵʲôƴ˵ǸûеÿĴɱ֮еλеġ뿪ͲܳΪһɱָͬģ뿪ķ׭ߵĽչ㹻ˣͬһӶܳΪһɱָ
ǻõЩ⣡㻹Ǵ죬˫ӴȻ࣬ԷܿҶбˣͬ塣Ͳ˵ˣΪԼء
ͬȻ˵һжźˡǰЩ֤ͳȥðźܴա˵һ仰ʶûʲôʹӦȻӴĲ࣬Ĭ
ôˣ˵棬ɻĿŴǣΪʲôˡ
쿴˵Щٷչķ׭ҴĶҲϣֻǶһʱİ¥֮Կ䡣ں׳ȴûмܿˡȻ⻹ΪǶȱٵԵʡҪŶߣǾܳΪ׳ǵһ
㵹ǲ⣬ôߣҪǳΪ׳һѡȥҶңܼңԼ⼸Ȼû˭ֵܵ˰
һЩ鵤ѵðӵж߲ɣЦЦǿߣῴϼ鵤
쿴һۣҡҡͷǾϾں׳ǣ
ҡҡͷǵǲڣʱȫ߳׳ǡʱǰ׼һ⡣
ţɻĿ㡣
˵˴ҪȥǣðѰȥչһ£ǿأ
ͻȻĴЦʱҲЦЦĪ
һֱΪŮ˶棬ûмˣǿˡԭٺһЦǸո۵ҲǰѰɢȥҲΪԭҪȻֲ٣ʮȴûмٽ輸
һ㶣û뵽ԭЦЦ˵ôģ
һ㵭˵ȻҪ߳ȥǾͲҪһСһСȥҪӣң㣬ǣһһ۹ô
㵹һһһ۹
ʹĵͷҺʹովЩ˲ҪϾһ۹ĿҪԶһ㡣ڵİȻСǽҪ½ġȻǺβŰʱСͿʼãʱʼ̫עҪǽ׳ˣҪٴ˵۹϶ñ˿ܡʱʱá
Ĭһھͷ½ĿȷʵһЩ˵׳Ļ˿Сһ¡ϾҪ׳Ѿǵ۹Ҫܶ뷨ͬһһһ棬ֻȺҪǰǷɢ棬Ⱥÿж࣬ÿУҹķܣȻÿӶܲʢһȺǡ
ǲɳԣ˵һ䣬һȴǶԴǴĪ϶ʹһļ˵Ҿ֪ĻԶ󡣡
ûЦͬǵ뷨ĴԶˣ
ʱ̫СҪڱĵ۹źܶѡ˵
еģᣬʱӭѶϻȴʲôʱģķ׭ҴеõЩ㹻һ۹˸Źâ
˵ͷ˵ȻǾˣҲ˵ʲôˡΰжٸﵽʮߣ
ΰ˵ҵ鵤Ҹʮ˷áǲÿһ鵤ҩЧȫգȫյֻʮĻҪʱȫա
˵ͷŴ˵ʮʮ죬Ҳòˡÿ˸ʮɡﻹһЩ鵤ÿٸʮšΣ
ֹһٺЦѵüСӴһΡ
ЦЦĴǴǰôҲС
ǾôɣȻҪȥǣ۹ˣܱߵ۹Һʹһһ˵
ڴ飬Ҳܾ˵ͷ˵Ǿɡϣİڴ½׹
̾һϧûжǿߣҪȻð
Цûжǿʲôǣðǵʵɳ԰ĳɳûкô룬ι̡
ԣǣǿߣ˵ֻǳ顣Ц
ĲҪ̫󣬴ʱİҲԸЩҡҪĻĿЩ²ϣĻ׳󡣡ѵ
ף˵ʵҲﵽ֮˰ɣ
ţĵһ㶣û뵽ҲܿóΪԵʣһ۾Ͱʵ
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˵ͷԲҪͻƾ֮ҪһЩʱավǱȲǽ˴еˡ
֪ʹﵽ֮ˡ
Ѿˡ˵Ͱгһ䣬ʱϣǸйܵĴƷ֮ͣǰʹﵽ֮ˣʱ֪ѾﵽʲôˡҪûоԵʵǱܿķâһ䡣
һ仰㵹һʲôʱﵽľ֮
ʮʱﵽ죬ʮѾﵽ֮ˡʱѾҪʮˡˣ˵ǿҶ˵
֪ˡ˵ͷûİϡʱһ֮ԼѾĸˡҪ߸µʱ׷ϲҳԽѹʮִ
Ҿ˵ˡµľͿԼˡ۹һ齻ˣϣʱ¥ļ
Ц˵ôһġҾҪ뿪׳ǰǡǾʹӾǿʼɣӾǰ¥ӵ۹ȥ
̸ЦЦϡʼŰϸڡ
ֺͺΰ˵һܶ׭׼˺󣬰¥תƵȥһֱҹ뿪



259 㰮ôͺް
ڶһ磬վ̲סȥһȴ֪ûлЩʧȻųȥѧԺĳ嶯Ҷ˼ٻ㻹ڵվס뷨
㶼úЦô˵ĳԡ
ҹܼҽ˼󣬾ȥۡҶ˼˻ϡٺ˸󣬴ٻ׼һ˺ƺƵǰǡ
ǰǵ·Σ׼ƥǣҶ˼ٻ㣬ʮ㡣ЩѵģԵʮֱ׾ˡҪ˵˵ǽʵڵġ
Ҫûʮʵƾŵ˼ܱˤ
ĻҶ˼̲סЦƽʲôڿʱŸоһꡣ
үҪҪʾһ㿴һĵ㡣
һۣûĻһͬ¶Цݵٻ㣬ܵٻҶ˼м䣺Ҷ˼㣬ٻ㣬ָһô
ˣ΢΢һ㶺ûгԼһƣԼôôأүϲŮ˶ү·ү۵ģ׽ŮҪ̣
Ҷ˼һ۵˭ģǸʦǲǺг𣿡
ʼϴڲԭѱһͷԼģҶ˼Ҳ֪һССҶʱʦ
Ҷ˼ûĥĽȻڽ̵ĹУʱʱĻ͵͵ԳҶ˼ĶҶ˼ľٶŪЩ࣬Ҷ˼ɲ֪ϵԵҶ˼žͲˣ
Ҷ˼ҲйȻ㶼ǵľٶǿеǲʲôЩ֪Ҷ˼ܣĴģǵûж롣
Ҷ˼Ƥйһ˵ʲôҲٽˡΣֻܰѿתٻϣ˵ٻ㣬Сٻٻ
ٻһ˵ҪҽԣԺֻ׼ٻС㣬һжС
˵ҲʹӦ
ٻӦôˬ죬ҲָҶ˼ԱЦſٻ㣬ٻֶܼá
Ҷ˼ȵǣٻĬһ̣һѧʱĹȥһѧͺʦΨ档ⶼҶ˼ˡ
ʲô֣ϰݣǣھȻʱؾصġ
˵Ҷ˼һȺȣ̵ٻͬȣԭΪĮ¼ֲ˶ãȻһɴ򷢵ǣȴû뵽Ȼѧ
ٻԽԽԽıҲ΢΢ż־裬С㣬رǿǴżаȵЦݣٻ͸Ӿдı
ˣѧɣҾԼѾˡٻЦĶٻһллʦ
һ仰ٻĸķܵҶ˼ԱߣеĲ͸ʤˡҪĽͬѧҲš
ôһٻ͸ı
ʲôҶ˼ȻǺٻһ뷨һ۵ɱ۸˼ٻ㣿
ʼ磬Ϊ޹˵ҴӸոյھһֱʵòãôʵˣǾȻҪҡ
Ҷ˼ɵĿ㣬ֿһٻ㣬ٻż־㣬벻ͨҪʲôҶ˼ֻε̾һֶβҪٻһС
һ·ʲôûȥżٻ¶һõЦݣͺԱߵ졣
Ҷ˼üͷԽԽٻ㣬Ҷ˼Ȼ򣬿ЦõĿ㣬㻹ǵģٻҲ۸
۸ǲһ·𣿡޹˵
ȥҶ˼һ۵Ϊһ·㣬ű۸ˡһ·ϣٻ㶼㣬رЦʱĵǵ¡ǻ͸ˣٻһ·㡣
Ҷ˼׹ҲΣʼ˭һֱҡҪĿһλҲǺõģȻңҰɡ
Ҷ˼Цã㵽жǳ
Ҷ˼ܵٻߣٻĶ˵˼仰ԭüͷʱʱһ۵ٻ㣬ϾҧűݣҧгݵĿ㣬϶ҪĨһ㺮˪ȭš
㣡
ݷĳĴ޹Ŀٻ㣬ίʵʦû㣿
ƣߣٻһȡһѹϼң˹
һϽٻ񲢲׼Ź㣬һ㣬Ǳ㡣

һ˾ˣǰ׳ǣر㿴ƥ߾ԣӢ쪵Ůʱʹ泩
үҶС㣬ǰˡһͻȻҶ˼˵
Ҷ˼תͷȥǰһһȺΧţҶ˼üͷһ˵ȥô£
ͷȥܿһ˵ǳʹŮ鷳ˡ
ĶҶ˼ɻ˵һʵȥɣ
ʼǾ͹ȥɣ
˵꣬ͻȻһʲôٻȻһЦܳΪҲ˵
죡ٻ㼴ʹŵƢ̲סһоЩ꣬ٻȻ֪˵Ҫ׵顣
Ҷ˼εĿһҪѵžĬʵٻ˵죬㻹б¡
С㣬ô£Ҫæ𣿡Ҷ˼ϵĶ
ĶҶ˼ĵ״ϲҶ˼˵ҸЩô
Ҷ˼˵꣬תͷΧҶ˼һˣЩ˲ˣһ۳Ķվǿ˵С˵ߣɡ
һȺ˼Ҷ˼һоЩѣԭóĶѾǻˮǲˡǿҶ˼һ˵
Ҷ˼Щ˶ĿȣȻѾǵһμɲϲüͷųĶ˵Сһ߰ɡ
ĶɨЩһۣ漴ͷлҶ˼Сˡ
˵꣬ĶĿҲٻɨٻһ־ɫ㣬ȴֻǵɨԼסһʱ䣬ұһʱ㣬ĶûжٺøУȻҲûжٻУ㣬˽Ҳںϵϡ


260 ı
Ķϵת˵һ䣬һٻĵţѾģҶͳôñ𣿡
ĵ׷߷߲ƽ´һҪٴκӮԷһȻ浹ԣҪȹӣ
λһȰǱµĺáΧĳĶһ˶Ҷ˼˵Ҷ˼ľˣЩΪ֮Ļ𶯡
˭Ҷ˼ųĶЩѹƲһ˼еġ
Ҹ׵һʳͣȥвҸסĶ͵
Ҷ˼ĶĻתͷѯ
ʼЦҺͳƺֲ죬ҸʲôǾͺˡ
仰ĶЩЦáҰ׳԰׺ôãȻ˼˵ԼҲϤ
Ҷ˼һװں㣬Ҳûж룬ųĶ˵ǳСͺһǰǰɡ
С㣡ϣ㲻ҪΪѣΧųĶ˵ǲҶ˼֣Ůˣܵһ˺Ī
үֱµĻֱȥҳƺ鷳۸һŮʲôҶ˼˵ߣ
סǣһΧҶ˼ˣѹϡ
ԷƣʼҶ˼˵Ҷ˼㣬ҪǲҪˡ߰ɣ
Ҷ˼һۣȻ֪ſڿӡҲ㣬˵ǣ
ǣС㣡һ붯ˣʱҶ˼ڣһȥһӶһ
˴ɸ˵ʵͣÿһﵽ֮ЩȻʵҲǸסܸ
ɣ
һ׺һߡЩܣҶ˼ջĿ⣬ĶЦС㣬߰ɡ
СûӰٻҶ˼飬ļԴӳĶ֮Ů˾ʹһѣͲ㲻ߵ˵ǸҲȥѳĶߣ
һ㶣Ͼ͵Цﲻ֪ʲôҡҡͷ˵үС˵ЦҪȥϣСܰɱˡҿүȥɡ
Щյץץͷ̾һ˵㲻֪ҲûеλȥϵĻֻᱻɱȥĻܱʬ
˵ĺЦŬıסЦݣһ˱˵Ǿûа취ˡ
ЩΪ֮յʱ۾͵һ˵ҵһ취
ţɻ㡣
ǸϽȥѸոոܵһȻǶԴʱװŲУǴ߳ĶЦ
һһٸȻǰ꣬겻ɳԽĴڡ

Ҷ˼һ˵Цǰǵʱ򣬺׳ҶҡҶҼڴС
ҶҴүҶüҶҼףѵĿҶ˼ǰƿؾǱߵҪ˶׳֮λ绹ҧС֮λҪ䵽Уǻл·𣿡
ҶҼӣŭ͵ǣҡҡͷ̫ϳϵ˵Ļʲô취ֻܴӦˡ
ǡҶҰ˵ʲôȴҶҼϵˣǱԹҲûô
һ仰ҶҰҶ̾һɫЩ䣬һĻҶҼʧֻűԹȴ֪취
Ҷգѵûһ㲹ȴʩ𣿡ҶҼҶʵȻĵЩʧҶҵĴվҧ䵽ϣҶҼǵ㲦һ¡
Ҷһ㶣漴ҶҼ븸ָ㡣
ֵܰһֱҷ֣һ˳˳ˮʲôŵﱧԹȴ֪취Ҷ˼ȴͬЩһֱ澳УʲôҪǿǼ浣Ϲͷ֮ǻᱻʰˡҶҼ˵ҶҶҰֵɫЩʣ˵ҲҪʣҶ˼ףҪûȨԲǿֻò򵥣ĸ׻Ҫǿ١
˵⣬ҶҼ˶٣ͻȻ˵дԣõϹŴУõһ
ǲ˵ЦõϹŴУҶҰҶղţҪõĴУôʵһֱάʮƷҡ鶼ûдﵽ˵ϹЩˣƽУҲ԰һƵ֮
ҲϢ֪٣޷粻ˣһĸݡϹʱǿ䡣õһֱʮƷҲ֡治У˵Ĵʱŵûеõһ˿ôҲ˵ҶҼ˵˵ЩǶһ㣬ԣʱһ¡ʵﵽ飬ҲųϻǽܴСҪȻ鶼￪˿ڣ
ҶҼĻֵЩ졣Ĵңͻδﵽ飬ȷʵЩ
ȥǵ˲׵׭ܰǴ塣ҲҪʹǴкôҶҼ˵
ֵֻεĵ˵ͷ׵׭Ҳ˵ҲģΪʹ֣ǲŷġ
ľ˵ˣ˵˵Ҷ˼ǰǵ£ʲô뷨𣿡ҶҼʵ
Ҷ˵ҪҪǰȥҶ˼ͥܲţ
ҶҼ̾һҪҶ˼⵹һ⡣㡭ȥҲǱҶ˼۸ġ
Ҷʮֲޣȴҷʲô취
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˵ҶݵҶҶ۾һҶǸģ׵˼ǣ
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ͷźΰһ񣬺ΰᡣһֱҶ磬㿴̲סðһɺ⡣һʽΪɱ˶ġ
һҽУҶɴ۾ǾֵĿᴩؿڣѪҺʵĵڵϡ
أҶ˼ûԽ޴ңҶ˼
ɱһ룬һ룡Ҷ˼ش
һ仰úΰһ¥ɱֵͷƬ̼ʱ䣬Щ˾͵һɺѪҺռһѪζһƵƹ˲̵ĳ档һƹһɫҰף£촽Ҷ˼Ǿ֡ףԭλС˺
Ҷ˼ȡһƿһЩҩ裬Щ˵˵һЩԶҩÿһšԺûǰҪҩҪȻฯöҡҴСеģҲܽˡ
ЩЩµƹû̱ڵϡǿҶ˼һȴҾܾһֻܲΡΡǰȥʳһš
˶꣬Ҷ˼źһǵǺúõΪµģҪ˭ҲǾɡ
ССģһȺ˸Ͻ
ȥɣ͵ûȥƹյ⣬Ƿ̯һ˵ġ˵꣬Ҷ˼ӻ뿪
Щƹ⣬һ첽뿪
Щ뿪źΰ˵һ
ΰһԣ˵ͷͰȥ
㿴ųĬҶ˼΢΢ЦſҶ˼˵ҲãҪȻҲö֡һĻǰѾǵ̻ˡֻͻȻôˣЩ۶ѡûϵҰ㣬ܿͻ졣
Ҷ˼˵ͷЩ˶ɱˡǣȫɱ˵Ļû˿ã̻
ЦЦȲһʰ
Ҷ˼һһվߵĺΰ˵ôֵģ
ʼҵû֣ҲԲģȥ̽һе˿
Ҷ˼һȻµ£û뵽ˣʲôˣ
һѣشҶ˼
Ҷ˼ͷźΰллл
ãΰѾı飬ǲĻѡ
һ仰Ҷ˼ȵĿ㣬һֻһҶ㣬ôͻȻһˡ


265 ӵ鷳
Ҷ˼ںΰȺҲû̫࣬й̫漣ֻǾȺͻָȫͶ뵽̻ȥ
ΰǣ㾡˦ƹϰˣǴʱȴҲòе¥ΣŴЩ˵ˡںҶ˼ͬæµ˼Űһжΰٴ˦ƹ
ҵ飬ҲûҶ˼ļҶ˼ٴǰҡ
ңٻƵſڣǺİ̬Ҳûǰˣֻ
ڼˣɻٻ㡣
ٻûлش㣬Ųǰţ߶֮䣬ęγһĻߣ͹˿ľĶǵġ
ҲĸٻٻϾͲƶĿ֮С
ٻȥλòԺҵһɻĿͬһɽׯĵطһֱĬٻͻȻڵׯҵӶ˵ΣСһ㡣
ΪˮԵʡֹܲ˵ҺúõһңȻԴ׷йĿꡣ
ԼʲôԼӦ֪ҪܺٻһҲٺ˵һϻ

бҪúøСһڿˣôܶ˵ȥŮٻ㶼֪ˣЩңҺûС˵ٻ㻳ˣһϳƱҪȻٻ㶨Ȼߣ
С˵ٻŮĵλٻһİׯһŵĿ㡣һ·о󱳶ˣЩÿһ¶ƵĿ
ٻƺûע⵽Ƶģһլ⣺ס£
˵ͷվǿڵȥĳǺͻʲôϵٲҵĻҽٲ̤һ
ҲЩŭ⣬ôãǾȻһֱҲƢ
ٻ㵹û뵽һ˵ôһ仰һûб¶ʲô˼һתġ
˵꣬ٻҲ㣬ŲӾ뿪
ٻ뿪ĵ״⣬Ҵ죬󻹼ǵˣԼ뿪ûôʱ˷ڵȴϡȻĵ´󣬿㲻Ƭ½ֻһ֪
ɫ磬ҲլǵӰӣģֻҪһҵǣҲ֮
뵽⣬еӡԽԽ졣㷢֣ڵתﵽ޵ʱ򣬾ҵǵĸо
ڵתԭԽ죬ָоУͬʱתͷ׵ѡ£ڵٶٴο˼֡ͬģ屻׸ס
ڴͬʱһ͸ĺۼۼĵ״ϲ׼ǰȥͷȴüſ͸¶ȥ
ʱоٵʶɨլӣһһ
ߣһ䣬ûԸ˯˼ӣһһȻǶġ
ٻ˵Ȼ˾ҪеΡ
뵽⣬ƱӿӶȥֲƲȻˣǾɣ
㻰µͬʱӰҲ䵽լԺС
Ӻܲ˼ֻ˵ǰׯͣǰݷ¡˵꣬εӰ䵽˳УͬʱһҲ䵽ԺС
ɨһˣΪ׵ϣϲϲ˵ӵļҸոյׯȲˡ
ЦļֻǰݷһӶѡ
Ҫôݷأ۾Ρ
ҵĹأˣҪסҵıԺǾ͵ӵƥʵҽҪȻǾֻӰˡ˵
Цƥʵʲô㲻㣿
ȻЦҪܰңȻоסʸֻҪ׷Сȴ񡣡
νʼûϵȰ㣬ס˵ڱ飬˯˵
ãδЦҾϲˬ졣
ܾĿΣҡҡͷ˵Ҳϲ㣡

һ仰һ˳ĬĿ⿴ΣС治ࡣһ¾Ͱζλںɫı̬λá
ζ仰ҲںƸ㣬ֻҪһǾʰ
ѹƣ΢΢ЦЦҲ⡣ڵƱӿεƳ׵£ײһ𣬼ɹ쫷磬ϯܣɳɳ졣
ҲԸң۾˵ʮʵ˵ûô
仰ĵϴκ㽻֣֪ʵҲʮҡ
𣿡˵꣬εȫӿֲϯ㣬û˿飬Ҫƽߣ¶ѹѪ
ȴ˵ûõģҲ¸㣬ҵʵԲʮ춥壬ҪֶֻΡǻǻȥɡ
οűҪ᲻ٵĵ΢΢𺳡뻹СˣԲʵȷʵǿϲ١
뵽⣬ҲұЦҲգǾʶһҵʽ
˵꣬еӡ᲻ϽҲһЩ룬ֱ˦֮䣬ڡͬʱҲһɹϵӿȥ
ֱֱעΣûдҲҪʲôʽ㾪ȵǣεʵȻĿֲȻȶԲľ硣ĵ׼Ϊ𾪣Ȼʮʮ춥һ硣ߵĲʮ֮󡣿ǣȴƾż㣬ҵҽȻǿ
أһɹХһ㡣
ɫЩأǴ壬ϺͻĿ϶й㲻С壬һЩԼ벻ʽԸǣ϶Ըɡ
뵽⣬ҲԴ˾벻Լ淭
Σ㿴Σ˵
һΣιЦڵӿֱۣϣȥ
ųӰܿ
˿ųеˣĿⶨϣȻʱͬʱΪԲǶԸţһʤĿ϶ΣǲΪͬȼϣܱȵҵˡ
ܴĸ棬ҵ˶ƽǿ˻񾫴ȱ˶ֻ࣬꣬аһ·ߡ

ǣȭͷһʱȴһ㶵Ŀ㣬˿ȴϣξȻ㣬ȻʤΡ



266 
ͬΪȵĿ㣬Ϊҵˣҽ˸ơǾˣϻǱȲ㡣ζٴθ߿˼֡
β׼ɹڱӿֱϣһͷͻͻܵԿ񱩣˹ȥ֮ɹɷХơ
ǾȭƣһȭͷϣһУ۵ͻֱȥһȭͻͷײһ
ȭͷ֮һȭ֮°ĵͻ׹ᴩӻͷԭ񱩵ľ޻ֱһ˦֮䣬׵ıѿྡྷܶȥ͵ĵ˳ȥϯһɳڵߡ
Ӷվոյһȭͫ裬Ӿ衣֮䣬һѳǹУǹ֮䣬һǹӰߣǹӰϵӣɢļµϢ
ϣ㵲סһСκһеĶԽԽ죬ռֻʣǹӰ
һУǵƷϣܵסû㣬˵仰ʱڵǣǹӰһУзתת֮䣬һ۵ĳǹ㣬ǹһ಻ϴ˦
״еҲϵĻǾƲʩչһǹӰһ𣬰Լȡ
ǹӰ֣˶Ѹ٣߽ײľܣϯһХɳһһĻ߸Ե˳ȥ
˵ĹɲϣɵУɲϵ˦ǹӰ㣬ͬʱеĽҲ൱
ԽԽԾеĳǹǷĻ裬һ㡣ԭΪһо㲻ܰ㣬ҲԴû뵽ԼƷȻûܸԷһ鷳֮Ľƣĵ׾ȣ֪ʲô棬ȴƫƫˡ
ããδЦڵޱȫӿ䵽֮У˲ǹ˦˷Χȥ
㵲סһ𣿡δЦǹһ㣬гױըǹһ㸲Ƕȥ
΢΢һЦ˿Ϊ⣬Ц˵ССֶѣҺΣǾ
Ĵ£ӿĳ֮ϣ֮䣬Χߵ㣬ɱǰεİΧУһߵ֮˳ȥӭιĳǹ
ǾŤתǬ
Ĵ£ҫ۹âǾ˳ȥ͵ıըɰǧĳǹĵ߽֮ನԺԵľıȻء
һΣһĴЦУһֱεĺ磬˿û顣
ƺһɫ˱䡣͵Ĳתųǹ˹ȥѱײһʱӵɳȥЦһٴδ˹ȥɫ䡣
ӲתҪ㿪һУЦЦܵĿһΣҪ̵εʱɫһ䣬͵Ĳȶӱܿһƿ֮Ӷ߲Ż֮С
վӣվڲԶֽվһꡣ
ӹȻһжܱܿβҲˡ
㻹ûڣξͺһҲ֣ѵΪ𣿡
۾꣬ɨһε˵Ҿ۸˵һûǾϣûǲһ
ЦЦЦӲҪǣңǾ͵ðҵĹ˵ûٻĿеĵλһûǾûǾһȫҶ֡
һ䣬ǻƤĳˡһ˵һأ
Ǻǣӵ̫߿ԼˡԲʵòӵһϡ˵ǾҺǲôǿ
ˣǰû˵һ仰жԼľ
Цתͷ˵֪ϲҡǣϲôΣ
ߣκһ䣬ȳǹ㣬
״Ҳһ˹ȥһһҰΧ㣬޿ɱܡ
Ϊ˺κεҲɣЦٶһںǾˣһ
ŵӵУһһһﻹǲ񡣾θһΣʵβ֣Ըһͬȼ˲ɣ
ȻӵȻڲìܣǴʱȴһ¶⡣
裬ĿΪ֮ȣͬһʱ䣬ȻǵĹƵ
Ȼȣǲû˶ٴǰĹȥ
ȷʵе̣˳ʮкҺűǾֵҪȻɱ似ĵס˵Ĺơ
Ǿˣ಻Ĺ£Ҳѹһ浹
Ҫ䣬Ǿͣ֡ЦĶС
仰΢΢һЦǵǺôĿһ䣿ûء
Ц͵Ծһ߽ɱƣ
Ĵ£һ羪裬ֱһɫһ䣬ɾ屻
ƿûͣԲ˼ķŤתҸ´һǹ󱳵Ρ
αסûзºɨȥֻεĿ¡
ɣ
һȴòϽ

αܿ㣬ȭֱεؿڣһȭεɳȥڵƺһ
ӵܿΧ㣬ռȡϷ磬һĵ׾ʵ
ŴӵطΣͬüͷ˳ֶκβ㣬ѵҪ𣿻ǳ֮˾ģôҪСһٻ㲻ô׷ġ
ǰƽ㣬ͻȻֱĸоһΪֹûжȫոնԸʱֻʤһ㣬˹ͬʤôһ㡣
ģԽԽܣһʩչһ
˵ͷҲڵӿһУǾԶ䡣


267 
㣡۾ˣȴ˳С
κһۣԴһֱգһûͬǾһڵϹɹ£֮һ޴ƣɢļµ˵
˿۶ƣеӡҲԽԽ죬һɹ䵽뵽У޴âѹӵܿһУһϽˡ
ܵǹĪѹĵҲСӡڵӿһɹͷϻ۶һǣǻۣɵķһâӶɣһУֵŶԷѹ
˫ʽʱھլһξݶϣݶֱֱĿųУΪ׵Ŀ˵ô
ǿʮʱԶԶȲһ꿪˵
ǰǺǿԲľ緢ӳʵҾȣҪȻҲǿôࡣ
ţӦֿܣҲ֪ʲôǣҲûЩôع
ûз֣ʩչʽΪƽʽȴΪֲʽǿĲ٣ƮȴɱݵȴûС
ǺǣǿΣôҪһ
ǺǣѵΪٻ㿴ɣСӶС˵ٻԸǶҪ濴СӣͲȥ鷳ٻҪεֽѵһΪľɢҥԵԹ
ȻǣٻǶƽκ鶼һ˿仯ƫƫȴٻҲͰˣңƽٻ㲻Ըˣֱ˶ȥʹٻ㿴ϲȴԼŮСдǸĴٻߵĽ·˶ûĴСٻ㲻ϲҲԶкøС
һ仰˶Ĭ
֮һ˵գȵȥСӵĵߣ׶ǿǲĶ֡
ףǸյ˵˵ͷĿ⿴Уʱĳ˻۳޴ƣֱֱѹ˹ȥ
㿴ѹľƣڵҲȫ䵽ͷŵ֮С
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Ĵ֮£ǹâǣܵǼƶȥ
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ǣǰһĻȴǵɴ۾֮ǿСǳϣӽԲ״ӶȥȥԺܵŰеһжɳ
Ǿ޴ǵĳ£Ȼ˿ƶһ֡űסľƣЦһ͵һȭֱ
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Ϊֹɡ΢΢ЦЦȭͷϵٴһǡ
ͻȻǵȭƣɫһ䣬ܿȴֱ޿ɱܣֻӭȥһȭ֮£ĵɳȥݺݵڵϡˣԭѹµľҲѿһɢ
ǳƾƣֱʣձǿɹâ̻šһеĿֲʱȴ͵ĳȭվΡ
θסһĺ˵ϡ
ӵڵϵˣһҲһ־ηȻӵģʵȴǿȥļλ֮ڣǸûе֡û뵽ȴɰˡʵ֮£е
㿴˵Ժҹʸס˰ɣ
ߣκһҲ˵ԵϢŷڵѪ
ȻôʲôǾ뿪ɡ۾Щˡ
ǺǣȻʸסֻҵĵ̣˲̫ðɣһЦ£һӰߵ˵С
Ӱӵ̲סһչӣǲ˾֮ĴڣôҲˡ
ãúʰһСӣСҲҴ򡣡
Сӻʲô

ԭηӵʱһֺ۾һб仯꣬˵ι˵һҲգǶһɡһ鷳
ŵĻЦ˵ЦˣôҲȫ۸һ֮δˡֻң
Σ۾ա
ΣңǾ͵ҵӡӻˣôЩ鲻ľͲҪ۾㡣
ЦЦ˵˵ٻǵĻӦú˵
ӵ˼ǲӦˣ˵
ʼǣҳġǿˣҪǵĴ֮ĻҲһĿˡ
ããȻˣǾͳһӴСֻҪʤһаʽǽյҵȾͱǸտ˵
սս㵱㲻ɣһǲм
һ仰һĿƵĿ㣬жôšȻƾ֮ʵԿգǲ֪
ðЦǾӳаɡ
㿴գдһЦĿ⿴Զһݶ˵Ҫλս𣿡
һ仰ĵû뵽ĸ֪ôȻǵĴڡվǻСˡ
ãգһստ㡣
˵꣬յӿֱۣӿ֮䣬ռ䷺һǾ֮ÿռ乲
գɫأ֮ԹʮǿǿĲһ㣬ҶԷҵľӢ͸ѶԸˡ
һ֪ݶϢþ֮ҪﵽˣҪȻҾҪԴ
һȭȭͷ˦û˼ε˹ȥԵǷĿռ䣬һȭ͡
û뿪ܿһȭ䵽ֱϣŶԷӭȥ
ӵܿһĻЦ֪֮Ҳֵ


268 ս
˵һ𣬿ֲ˺ȴվӣЦ̽ңóʵʵκβҡ
ڵӵܣһ㶵Ŀ㡣ĵȴѡȻûȫǱϾǾֵ֮֮ܵġȻֻһ֮ȴ칵룬ҪĻһԼ˲ᡣ
ʱŷ֣֮ͨѾ̫֮ˡ
ģһ汰ɣֵıǿһߣ¾Ҫˡ
뵽⣬ξͺ޵ֱҧԭҪһȴû뵽һ
֪Ӳ֪һʵڿȻˣôվͲˡմЦڵӿѹȥ
ߣһϯŶԷȥû˿֡ƶһ𣬱һϯХܶȥ
ͬʱյȭͷҲ䵽ؿڲԶǿᣬռΪ֮Ť𵴣һȭҪǺУ㲻Ҳˡ
˳ȥȭͷһߣȭҪ䵽ؿڵʱһתյȭͷĵϣһ޴ӱ˳һй£ӰܿЩ
Ӧͦġ˵һ䣬һȭٴλĽǶȣֻĺҪ˿û顣
ЦһҲֹӦ죬Ҳ
ָ㶯һ׵նȥִ׵ʹΪ֮ҲӣϽȭͷס׵񱩵ȭͷϣдһݾȣʿ
۾˵һֱûи㣬ֻߡ
ҵ˳Ĭһ㡣Ӹո׵ƿʿȼǲߵȼһ꣬ôߵľ磬ĵβ𾪡
ʱǾոǣҪǸոնԷʩչʿҲֲ˶á
ݶϵˣʩչһϵɫҲ˱䡣ʿʲôλǺδﵽ֮ƾʿĵȼλҲǲ
ԽطʿĵλԽߡ
ļһܴﵽľ磬ӵ˫޵Ĺһ˫ްǶôĽĹѹгҪˡ
Ǻ˼ʡ֮վ֮һЩҲǾ֮Ķ֡ʹʿ
Ǻǣյİɣ֪ʿ治õ̫͸ھǣʿĵλǲͣοʿ

ھʵʱһĿ⿴ա
վȹ龪ȣеĹȴ˿һȭȭ಻㹥ȥȻûʹʮɵǱľѣռȭ֮£һۡ
㣬һȭżȻõġȻ㲻ǿȭҲƷн֮ϡϣ㵲˵ͬʱȭ
ӰܿһȭͷڴͬʱϱֵյĹƣȻһ׵ٲˡ׵£ǿסյĹơ
㻹·磬ȴһӵܵɴ۾ע㡣֮ϾǾ֮һ֮ȴܵסǲǿЦˣ

ݶϵҲһ䣬Ȼ֪ջյĶֱϾһ֮ڱƽ֮ͱʰˡ
һδﵽ֮ҪǴﵽ֮Ļֻᱬεȿֲ
һǲֻһûΣôӵ
Σһ˿ЦһһζҵȴΣôƽ𣿻Уôãôȡ
պԽԽľСӱѾ̫֮ˡȻռϷ磬ȴκβ㣬һ׵ϣܵס
һƽ㣬һȥǷֲʤո׼ٴα뻹֣ͣһȭƿ㣬Ʈվ档
һսƽΣ
һ仰һƬȻΪ֮վȻԺͶԷƽ֣
㣡㵭˵
Ǿɣտ㣬ɫ磬һʤ
ŻȻԭ׼ս
ãӦգȷʵǿ
ռӦôˬ죬ĵҲЩϲȻûֳʤϾкܶҪҲǰܶʤ١
Ǿټɡ˵꣬Ҳ˵һϻת뿪
뿪Ŀ⿴ҵӣɫλǻҪսһɣ
һ仰ӵܲٴһ첽뿪Ժӡ֪֮ҪǺ򶷵Ļòоܱʰ
ߣҲ⣬յȻʰ㡣һȺӵĵҰοղﵽ֮ӵһ
뵽⣬Щӵܾ¶ģȥСӱĶҡһ֮أܷ첻ɣ
ӵ뿪ͬɫ֪Уһ֪ʵջһս֮ʤ塣ǣҪˣʤͲˡ
ʤգҲࡣ֮뵽⣬͸оͷۡɲΪҪǰˣӵܲӽҵıϲľǳսˡ

գôȥصݶһʵ
СӺǿȻʤİաԼҲҪܵˡջش
ôǿһ꾪Ȳѣûȫ
ûжȫѵ㵱ͶȫСӴȥôУһû»ֻЩʽ𣿡ʵ
һ仰˳Ĭ漴˵ͷ˵ôһ˵ģСͬźܴվʤѶҲС
ԽղȥٸһպȻЦǼ֮棬Ҳֻаķݡ
˵˵ͷС㣬һֵ֮һ֮ѾǼˣѵܵס˲ɣ
뵽⣬˵ͷ뿪ݶ
еӵܶ뿪ݶϵ˶뿪һ˿ЦӰҲԶȥ
ҪʰңǾͿǹǿˣգһǴһġ



269 ֮
һ·ۣھׯһξشͣ£Ĵ˿ƫƧȥδε˾֮ǰѾҵǵĴڡֻεĴţֻܷԭΪҪ˷Ѳʱˣȴû뵽һսǸодڵǼԾһҲӿȥ
ȻᣬԭǴģǾ飬ﻹɵ˵ģһЩС˵°֣鷳ѡ
οҪǣղΪʤҪԷֵﵽ֮Լ
뵽⣬ĵתĸӵĿݣһڷӿת£ڻѨԱߣһӨ͸ֳֵָ֣ǣ㾫Ϊ֮һ𣬸оϡһ쳣
һź϶ǣŻѨԱߵǸСС֣ӢǰɡУʼ֡
Ĵ£ֽʼûѨԱߵľת
ھת£оʹͬʱȴܸоӵϣҲӵС
ָоһϵĹ䵽ֱֱʼĴ֡ͷҲת΢΢Ҳ룬Ҳ䵽ȥ
׵ĴЧǿʼһ˿˿ָֺӵһУҲû©ıȫա
ֽתܵҲΧ۳ɾ޴УͬʱŶ۳ɾͷϣһɹˮһ䵽ڡ
ܣʱһɹɷХƿʼ
Ϣٶʮ֮죬ܿͻƼž֮ͻƿû˿ͣǣռӿ塣
ǸУô˶糱ˮһ֧֣Ϣǲϵ
˲䣬ͷϣƱ鲼һ׵紩У׵һ֮
ڷɵûзһĻܵѾͻƿҪľȹھ֮ϡ
䡭䡭
֮ϣƱ鲼д׵ɢļµ׹⣬·һѹֵϢ
ڸоĪѹױ鲼ȫĵҲ𺳲ѡ׵֮Ȼûд׹⣬ͱ𵱳ǿ׻Ҫǿ
ĵЩΪʲôϵ֮׿ֲˡ
ͷܼƣ㲻Сӣһ׸ϣСķ˿ֲףϲŵġϲǣף϶ĵڶƷţĵܲܵ¡
䡭䡭
һ׵֮лۣһֱ۴ִ׵գſȥƺҪݻһУֱ㡣
䡭
һ׵ĺϣֲƺһ·ױյķ˿ҲȫֱһѪҺ³ԭףҲһȱڣ㱻˴Ŷ£
ҧݣ׷Źɹ׵磬϶ʱ׹һ׵д塣׵Ĵ£ҲڲϵĴǿڲϵڴͬʱҲڱ׵Ĵ
ǱϾǣǵʹҪǿĶࡣǾܣ㻹һ׵ǡ
ûκһֶ׵ĴЧ׵ǣЧҪ̫ࡣ
һ׵д壬Ȼܣ㻹ڲϵ׵磬֮³塣
䡭
һ׵绹δȫɸɾڶһҪǿٵ׵£ٴӿѪҺ׵Űֿ񱩵ŰҪ˿ĻȻᾪǶ˵ʹѡ
䡭
׵Ըҧʹף£ڶƷֿʼš
ˣ
ҧݣԽԽǿ׵磬ĵҲЩΡ˵֮;ֻ֮Ҫ׵硣ȴԶԶǾŵǾأ
䡭
һ׵£һ׵һҪǿ׵£ȫһˡȫ׹ƣΪ˵
׵ҲЩŤˣ޴ʹҧֵġ
䡭䡭
ϵɲɢԽԽ࣬һӿֲ׹д壬бĿϢ˸оϢ
䡭
һ׵бİ룬ˮͰִ׵˶С

һ޴ĲҽдбʹܹĪʹ㣬ʹ£Ҳ̲סг
ģߵˣŭһڿֲ׹⣬ٶȸϲˣ׹п񱩲ѣ嶼Ļ졣
иǿڵˣߵѾǼˣҲˡЩûϵˣ뵽Щ׵˿ֲ
ȴ֪Ȼ֪֮׿ֲҲû뵽ǿֵزףһ⡣
ĵ׵Ĳѵʱ򣬵ڶƷšڵڶƷŵ˲䣬屻׸ǣԭŰ׵磬һ̾Ȼȫɣ˿û¡
䡭
ڰ˵׵Ҳº䵽ϣ㾪ȵǣߵ׵Ҫǿٵ׵磬Ȼûиʲô˺ױ鲼ȫ׵İѵڰ˵׵ɵĸɸɾ֮³Ϊ塣
һĻ㵣ĵ׾û뵽ڶƷױǿǿȵ׵磬Ȼû˼вԡĵײţҪǵƷƷеţ׻εĿֲ޶˺׵˰ɡ
뵽⣬ĵ׸Ǿ׵ʲôر
ھŵ׵ҲͬԤϵ׾ٵľͱ׸ˡھŵ׵ȫɺԭͷڿʼɢܿʧһɶ
ʧʱ䣬Ҳɣ뵽֮С
ǰһĻ֮ȥ׵磬һ˿Ķ׵ռŰ졣㴦ĻУעһ׵ӿ뵽С
һĻĵ׾Ȼڴõʱһ룬ڶƷ׻ţܵõʲôôأܴʲô



270 
ڻ֮Уռָƽ֮ϹⱩǣһϹ㡣ž㣬ûκεֵףֵҲá
ϹӿԺʱѵĸоٴγ֣оԼ궼ҪըƵģһɹϢӿ뵽ԺУɹϢ룬Ȼûȥֱ档ֿڵĴʾ䣬֪ǵĵڶ
ʹãЩֿڵľʧ󡣾ΪҪʱһɹϢпʼ⵽֮УĿӡñüǣ깲һ
ѵĸоٴγֻ֣ܱȳܡ
Ҳֶ֪ãԼҪĥʱѲʧһɹ׿ʼ޸꣬紺㣬㼫
ٴλصԼϣŵõĶ
ڶһҪĶࡣиĽ˻ǵŲٵƵСų޸֮Ч
ЩУϲѡĹͲ˵ˣڻôϸԺԼҪ·ңĵĹʺԼġŵڶȻ°빦Ҫǣڶڽʿ
֮ǰ㾡ȻȻʿǴûϵͳʿҲһ֪⡣ȴ벻ڶΪ͡ʿԽ˽⣬ܸõķʵʱŸ˵Լһʿ
ȻЩƵҲϲǰƵ඼ֻ֮ҵߡԴ֮߸ûʲôЧҲƵ֮еһЩƤëѡ
õĵȴĵң˵֮֮Ҳܶáеľĵ׸ˣ֪ʵԵʡ˵ﵽ֮һߺʿڿȷʵˡ
ĵҽεҲʱԼšЩĵƿ룬Ӧ䲻ҽʿɣΪԵʣѧϰʹá
ЩҽԺûβҲ
Щջ˲ѡεĽһա
ڴӵջٴΰ֮󴫳еĶϡҪ֮󴫳еʲô
ֻǴִֵɨЩеĶϣͳ𺳣˴Ͳѣо˶ʧȥꡣ
ĺĴ̲ס֮
Ҫƽ֮㵹Ҳʧ̬֮ȴǿɵ񵤵֮׵ĴУ˿ɡȻҲ֤֤
Ϊ֮ĴУĵЩͨģҲġִֵɨе̺ԾڵҩһȻת񵤵ĵ
Ϊһˣû˲֪תĺ塣̫Ͼĵҩ
뵽⣬͸оԴЩˡǲ̫ˣЩܴУ
ϸϸĲ̽һЩеĵѸµĶʱûİƾĵҲ׵İ
֪Щĵףǻĵһ󱦲ˡǣǣ
ǧУҲź鵤һЧĵҩһ鵤һ˴ﵽʮ죬⻪ĵУһֵҩҲܴﵽʮ죬ЧҪõĶ࣬룬Ժнռ䣬ֻˣٶҪĶࡣ
Ȼת񵤶У֮߼ĵûС
ڵʵ˵Ҫĵҩֱ롣鵤ͬȼĵҩҲƳҪǣЩҩҩҵ
һԽԽеˡУʲôûеģѵףǰѻĵһж˲ɣ
뵽⣬־Լ̫̰ˡ
ܵڳһȭһȭ֮£ռΪ֮ŤǾ֮ܺؿռ񡣴ʱ֮ǰ
Уڻת֪̺һ֮ŵ׵Ĵʱȥȹ̾硣׺ľھ֮ȹž޴ơ
ﵽ֮ͷϡӽָа壬Ӱ·۶ȥոգڵٶҪԶԶǿ֮ǰ
ȫĸоо泩ѡ

һʱȥĺܿ죬ڶһٻסǰߵŮˣٸ꣬ûҶ˼
ȥүүɣٻֱ˵
ԸˣĵҲϲû뵽ԼշºݻǾԸԼˡҵˣȻܸɫαһٲҲʵˡ
㿴ٻ㣬ԺҲܸŮ˺ɫǼҵĴͳɫǶߵչˡ뵽⣬;ԼΪ̫ƽˡ
ȣܲԼôáֹһ
ʲôٻֹüͷʵ
û£˵ϣҪϿȥǳʱ䲻˷ѡ˵
ٻ˫Ө㣬֮˵һ仰ԱȽϴһ㡣

òӦúŮΪ飬ȫԼ˼뾳硣˸һȼģǵϻдһƬ־࣬ͼ֣
ôеļ֣˯ǰǵдһ顣Ժ˿϶ĵڣҲĸõȻǿһֻд֣ġһ顣ⲻܷġ
ߣСĺһںٻ㲢ߣ󼸲һҪٻ㱣־ģ
ٻˣҲΪ⣬ǰ·ֻٻ㲻֪һ˫۾Ťęϡ
ٻһ󣬴ﵽһտĵطʱһͻȻ𣺡Ǻǣĵ硣ôôźԼ
Ѿģҿƨ˵ҿƨɣһ뵽ٻᷢ쭵Ŀܣɾתƻҵ·
ôӲҺǽˣҲǣҲ۾㡣
ٻʱüͷһ˵үүҪУǾ֮
һ仰ԣһ֮Ը֮ӮҲû˼
տЦһٻ㲻֪ԼҪȻô鷳οôȥżҲáúӽֶһ¡
㿴գǴһЦݣ۾żζ㵱Ҫ򣿡



271 ˮ޺
ռζĿһ˿ϲϲ
㵱Ҫ򣿡ٴһ䣬󣬿һаȣٻüһۣԭյٻ㣬ʱվǷˣվһԾĬĿˡ
Լռٻ㲻ĵ׸˵ͬʱҲֱֱĶ㡣
Ǿսɣ㿴գ˿䡣
ģռ䲻ϲֱ飬˵̬Ӧóϣûоԣôͽ쾡԰ɡ
룡ӦþԲˡ㵭˵ջδӦ֮ǰʮɵֱ̺ϣû˿飬һȭֱգֲǶԤϲܶܲˡ
ŤĿռ䣬дŲţӱ˵ͬʱǾ֮ɫִٵȭͷ˹ȥȭһֻоһɿֱֲۣѪһѪҺӿ
ⲻܣ
ɣ׼㣬ȴѪ˶ĨһѪҺ㶵Ŀ㡣
ٻڵӵܣһ㶵Ŀ㣬Щ֮Укܶʶսġ֪ǿһоͰգ⡭
ļǵãջռϷ硣ѵ˵ʵ
֮տ㣬ҧ㡣
㽻ֹףʵԻδﵽ֮Ҳ˵һϲŴﵽľ֮ԭѾˣɸġոմﵽ֮ͳԽ̫ˡ
֮Ͳȹ̾
ܱǸҲǾ֮ôҪȥ𣿡㿴գʱѾĶˡͬȼ㻹˭״壬ͬȼڣܱȵġ
ճĬȻ޷⡣ȴ֪Լˡƾ֮ܵסմﵽ֮ԶԶǶˡ
뵽⣬նһ򺰵ǻ𣿡
Ǻǣջ˵꣬˳Ǿȣû뵽һҹ֮ʹﵽ֮ҪٲСӡ
ûϵǵ۾ССҲںνʼ磬߳ˡ
ɭĻĵŭһȴûб¶
ӼȻҪս˾սһΣɭЦſ㡣
֪Ǽҳ˧ܲƽ⣬ҪһһšҺܱǸĸǡʵûϵģӦûȥ衣ΪʲôôѿЩĿʱʱĿٻ㣬̲ס˵ʵǼԼ˧°ٻ㹴𣿿˳˧Ҫܹ
ݡ
ӵ̲סһ䣬ӵ֮Уÿҳ
ûϵȵҶϴȭû˭ˡɭ۾㡣
Ҳϲսϰˣһɣ˵
ٻ죬ǿүүڵ㡣
ͷһȣŮ˻վһߵģ֪ΪҸڡ
ûϵϾͺˣٻЦЦ
ûҪǶⲻ顣ٻȻ֪һΪʲôԭ򡣲ҵٲſԴ׶ѣǳĴ١йϵ
㿴ٻһ˵֪ûϵҿǵôѿ̲סˣҪȻôѿǰתƣ㲻ûᵹθ𣿡
ٻĬһĬĻ״ĵ͵ЦٻȻ۹⣬Ը⿴ԼԸ⿴ǡĶԱϾͳˣԼȻ˧ˡ
㰵ԵʱٻͻȻ˵ǿͬθڡ
ЩûѪ漴޺޵ĵһٻ㡣ߵ˵αŮ˾αԼô˧ųŮСɱ֣ôᵹθڣ϶Ů̫ɬˣα
Ů˻ղǴҪǻյĲαȻҪһҪԼգҪǶԱ˻յĻǾ̫ˣ
ٻ㣡վԶ㣡ֻǺд£˷̫ʱġɭٻ¶Цݡ
ٻҲɭһĬŵɫߵһԡ
ٻ㲻֣⼸ҲһĿ⿴㣬͸ոƽϢ˴Ѫճ״㣬ѹȥ
ӵܼɭ˺Ը㣬һǲ̫Сˣһֵͬʱ𣿾Ǿ֮ɭҲǿܶడϾﵽ֮
Ȼӵ֪ܲɭ˶Ĺ˼ɡδ֮źսʵڴﵽ֮һаյʵɭԼʮսʤİա
ȻˣǾͲðաҪһϡοҲҪġ
һɣ˰ΧҲΪ⣬Ŀɨӵܡ
ӵܳױ仰ŭɴ۾Ŀ㣬һӣϳ˼ţ̫ˣҵĵ̣Ȼսһ
һҪӵܣ㲻ΪȻɭЩһۺȵȥʲôǵĿˡ̫ʧǺд裬Χ
仰Ŀתٻ㣬ٻգգ۾
ٻɫ˺죬Ȼ֪˼㲻˵һ޳ҵҲ֮Χô㣿
һжʤɣûʱ档۾ɭˡ
һ仰ԭܱƽɭҲŭ㡣СӿĿֲһҪԸˡ
ߣҵҪôֶΡɭһվ˺Ƥ
ʼ磬ν˵Ǽʶġ
ǾɣҲ֣ȴСҪʶһʲô취Ըˡ
۾ˣҲڡܼҵܵأ㴫бǾǾƽʽϡƽļǾȴſֲЧ
㵱֮ʱ򣬻ûʩչʱܳһ£㲻ܱؾ֮еƣֻҪܷɣ㹻ʰˡ
ǲҪҾȰһ٣
˵꣬еȭͷϴһбӿֲΧ۳ǹ⡣
ھ˴򶷲Զһ¥żųµһĻһʵô
ʵһ֮һȼ֮ϵġ̫ˡ
ЩԴ󣡲Ҫ涮û塣˵ҲֻҪӵлĵһ㾫裬Ҫ˶ѡ
ǺǣȿŰɡԭٻ˵ʩչڵǳʱһΪһҽʿȴδ뵽һߡʹﵽ֮Ȼ˵һ޶ȴ㹻˾ˡ


272 
ȫ뵽Ǿļеʩչ֮Уһʹ»ǹ⡣ǹۣΧУ屻ǹƯ֮Уǹ̫ĹԶڸǡ
ټıۣһſǹ߿һҲΧĿռ俪ʼŤ
Īѹͷſֲѹѹϣɫ䡣ȻһЩӵܶоѣһ˳ȥ֮㣬һɫ䡣ȫǹƵ㣬ʱͬһһ㡣
ռɲŤѹǹϵһЩʯȻѹ˷ĩ
£ɭɫأ˺һֵֵ
ǵס𣿡Եǹ֮дĪİȻһЩ߸оĤ𶯡
Ǿˮ޺ۣ
Ĵ֮£ǹ紺ˮһ㣬֮ȻһϢȴ̺ſ񱩵罭Ӿ̵ĺˮ˶ȥ
Ťռ䣬ɭȻǹ촺ˮǹ⣬һɫ䣬ȫޱżֲ԰׵ֵȥ
ߡ
һߣ˱ǹ⸲ǣҲ˵Ӱӡӵܼ˱˴аΧһĵҲȻѣȴֻעǿȴ񱩵Ĵˮǹ⡣
ڸ¥ϵļˣʱҲ͵ĿһĻһ㶵Ŀſռǹ⣬һ𺳲ѣľǻľ
һ͵վۿ㣺ֻлľرΪصɱС
һ˳ĬһĿųеǹ⡣ľĲе⡣һе⣬Ƿǵ⣬Ǵˮ⣬Ǵ߱˵⡣ӵʽҪֲ
ңҪһǣԽͻ׽ĴڣԽʩչ⡣ʱȻⲻǿûֳ׺ǹػΪһĴڡǣʲôʵ֮Ծ֮ʩչִˮ޺۵⣬Աͻĵܡ
һ˳Ĭ㵽ʲôˣѵͻĺܲɣ
ҲһȻʩչľУԽǿͺͻ˵ĹϵԽܡôȥˣµ似оܶѾҲܺͻһʩչĴŻĵơ˵һˡ
ǰĶôžףƬ½ΪĸıںܶЩĵӰӡЩоˡ˵Ҳպܶ໪ĵĵһ
Ǻǣǲͬô˵Ҳһ˿ĵѪ
ǰϧһ˿ѪԽԽˣܿҪʧˡһ̾һûѪ֮ٲſʵҲôˡҽ͸ˡ
ôоʩչʽǱĴУһĬͻȻ˵
ǲ˵ЦʲôˣϹžʧµĲĴӡĴӵļУûʽġ
ԣҿڱһƪһдкһڵΪʶֻʩչ⾳
ȷ
ȷŰ˷ƣ
һ仰˳Ĭ֮һ̾һ˵ĺͻźܵĹϵܶñĴУһǼؼһֵܲһ
ǰǻǿǺεȵİԾ£ϧһڴ½ˡ
ҪĺͻĪĻҪӳһ¡Ļߣڴ½˶ٱءǣЩһ˸ȡҲֻкͻܹˣлᡣƾڵѪ֮ҪõߵϿɼѡ
˵ͷĿ⿴򶷴Ǵˮ޺۵ǹ⣬ߵ˵һս˰ˡҲãǻΪԼµһǳԵҲá
Ǻǣô˵ǲܿСɱɭ˲ɡ
СڵʵʩչһУЩƲסˡְɭ
ͷӰܿ䵽Уӿеǹ⵲£ֱһӣѾǱɭ˾ȳ
һеˣֳڵϵ㡣Ǵһ˿Ц⣬⺢ӻǾǿԴʱʵǿʹһѾˣȴҪǿ塣
Ҳ˵Ŀ㡣ȵǣϷ·ʲôǣƵģԿɼٶӿȥ
ɭ˴ʱûһ˿Ѫɫų㣬дһ־壬ովͺ£Ҫǳĳ֣⿴һܰŪʬ޴档
ɭ˳Ĭ˵һнǣ벻ԷȻһС
ɭȻû˵䣬ĵȴ޸ĵסѵܰѱչصһλгҪĻҪҲա
ǺǣϢ𣿡˿Ц
ллǰȻǽŶľ󣬻ǻָһ˿վ
ҡҡͷȻ֪лʲô㵱ʱѾƲԼĴˣɭҪû˾ȵĻֻ·һȻ㻹ûɱǵ˼
Ҫǽ첻еĻǰɡ˶˵
ãҡҡͷȻǻڼһ˶á
˵˵ͷ˵Ǿ͸ɡ
˵⣬ͻȻ˶٣ٻ˵ٻ㣬ҲЩ飬Ҳ֪ˡ
ǣүүٻ㵭˵ϲȴԸ
ٻ㿴ЩصĲӣ뻹ǰ΢΢ס㡣
ܵٻץ¶һЦݣٻ˵ڴϺͱ˵ӡ
ٻ仰Ҫߵƣݺݵ˦ֱۣŤͷǰ档
Щûбٻ˦ϣģٻ㣬ĵЩڣҪ˵ҲҪԼĿĵ˵˵ⲻǳҲ
ȣϧ
Լˣװ˷һܵĻᡣ
ɭԭٻǰȥһһǺٻ˦㣬һ͸˲ѡССҲöô
ٻһﵽһ¥һȺߡ
λǰ㿴Щ˵
Ǻǣ㣡м߿㣬ǴһЦ⣬ӻףһиС
һˣȴǿڣҪ֪ǿеĻʲô
ǣЩƺȴ㿪Ƶģһע㡣ЩˣҲ˵ӺһڲˮҪָǲñȵĹҡ


273 
ıЩеĻҪãͺŲ裬Ҳ˵˵Ҳѡӡ
ˣЩ˵ʧЦΪ׵ڿڵ˵ٻǺܺõѣ
ͷһʲô˼̸ĵ⣬ô̸ٻˣѵҲ֪Լ˧ŮաǣٻҪҲֹо仰ô˵ţ
ԲңǲֹҰ㡣
ǸҺٻϵûеܡУҾðɣ黹úŮ˵ǡĻش
ţɻĿٻ㣬仰ʲô˼
ٻദôã㻰˼ɫ΢΢Щ죬ôʶһˣүүҲʶ

һ˶㵣ϢġȻ˵ʶϣǾʹż־迴㡣ٻ㻹ûԴˣʶʶᡣǳķϵǳȴ˵ʶȴǴδеġ
ǣһ˻δ˵ŭˡŮ˵ô£ԸɾĨ첻ɣѵ·˺屩¶۾вɣ
ռԼ۾˵ʶˣǾȻ˵
һŭ۾ٻ˵㲻ʶң㣬ɽ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ٻ͸ϽһѰסۿ㣬޲ҧ㡣쵰ʲô˵Ҫ˵Ҫ
Сָ촽ϣͷ΢΢һ¡ٻɫϱߺ벻⻵ôǣƫƫ˵ɽ֡
һ˼ٻɬƣһСѲԼŮƭ˲ɡ
ɽôˣΪ˲ۼһ䣬˿ںٻĵȴ
ٻɿʼ˼ңҪΪٻɽϵʱҸţɶǣɽʱ򣬾Ȼš
˵⣬ͷ߷߲ƽֻٻֺĵ׺޲˺㡣
Ļ쵰ٻһ䡣
һŻȻ˾裬ѹٻɬˡСƷΪٻţǺʿȵ
ٻԼһүү˼ϲЦáǾôƭ뵽ոƣӾ̲סһոգ޵ֱҧû뵽ֱˡ
ԭ׼׼䣬ֱ⣬˵ʩչǿ𣿡
㵹ǲܾ˵ͷĿֲʩչһڻġʩչһ
˸ܵеĸоɫ⾻ǵĻҪһЩΪҵؼʹٻڶûѧϰǣȴʩչ졣
ܸѧ𣿡㡣
˵
һ仰ü˶һۣ漴εķǲ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ǲšеνϾû˵ѡǰģҪ˵Ҳǲԡ
Ǽ岻ооʩչġٻǵʱ򣬻ΪˡڿıҵڡЦ
ʼ磬ԼԴԭζĻĵܲǵڣ
ǰͻģҲ˵ֱʵ
˼Ŀһ㣬شĻոʩչǱĴУ
𣿡üͷܵص˻˵ı
Ǿһдˮ޺ۣش
ǲǻԭЩ˷ܵʵҰʷϿֻǾǣڼܿ϶ˡ
Էܽг֣ҲΣ˵ͷǱǾļ֮еС
ͱʲôϵЩʵ
⻹ǵǻش˻ĵĺ˵˵
һ㶣漴ʵѵ֪ǻˣ
ǻˣĵ𺳣Ȼ²֮ϵȴδ뵽Ȼǻˡо˼ЩƽˡȻŻ˵ĺۼǹŶͼˡ
ǰ͡עЩˡ
ٻʱ˵Ҫ׻ĵĺ塣ЦеĿ㣬ѵ㲻ȸҽһ£𣿡
Ĭһ֮˵ܱǸȻ֪̫Ķǲܸǡ
һ仰Щ˸ǾùŹ֣һ꣬˵֪ڻ̫ĶһЦǿı飬żš
ǣЩϹŴеļ壬Ҳ˵֪̫ڻĵĶǣȻ˵
˿ٻ㣬ٻͻȻ˵ӿ
ٻô˵¶ЦݣЦȻ˿أҾͲˡٻ㣬ЩҲҪ֪ˡͺúɡ
Ϲ֮ǰһʥ塣ǻ壡Ҳ֪ôֵģֻ֪ʵֲҲзɽ֮һ˻ˣڴ½Ȼ㲻һȴСǾһ壬˾ǲˣ嶼ˡŷɽ֮Ĵߣǰͬһ㣬׵ĸʰˡһսͳһԾΪ½ʮ֮һ
Ϲ֮ǰߣ֪֮ࡣʱҪ˵繷Ԫ߶֡һһԪ˵ӶơǣĻ£ǸճӤû˸ȥǡһЩ壬ͯĻˣڹš޷⣬һֺεȵơ㵱½ĵһ壬ҲȲϡ
ҪǣĹ̫Ĳ졣ǻ֪ԭģȫΪڵô༼ɣ֮ġһеת䣬ΪġҪ˵ĸҲ֡ڵĹŻĹӰ档
Ĵ½ûʿһְҵǴӻеʿġҲǻеĵġ˵Ƭ½书ʦүҲΪˣϹʱַǣڴ½Ϊʱ򣬻һͨĪʧҲΪһͨʧ½ʱѹƵ壬ʼıˡ
ǣǻС˻ˣǴͨ뿪µĻˣɱĴ½Ѫɺӡ
һ仰һֺεȵķ


274 ͼ
ȻǿࡣΪͨ뿪ջǵס½Щ˵ɱ¾ԭĻˣɱ¾Ĳࡣûѵġ˵
ЩˣһֱͻȻ˵ɫƽ˿ûһ˿״ЩֻǺ棬ٻȴĿһۡ
ϹŵһЩ壡˵
ʲô壿׷ʣٻĿ㡣ҪǺĻԸһֳ㹻Ȥƽѯʣ˵ʮ֪Ҫǣٻ㲻ɨֱۣȴȭͷš·ŭйȭͷƵġ
ע⵽ٻɻ񣬲ȷʵŭʮ㡣ȻʶĻˡ½Ψһͬˡûо޷Ƕô˵顣ǣЩȴˡ
һصĻˣûԼ屻ɱһաͱǰˡҲѪȥΪԼ壬ÿһ˶Ź޸СǣĪ磬㻹δҵǣͱɱһˡ
㲻˵Լôΰ󣬲ɵȥ𡣿ǣҪЩ˼šҪܱŹģ
˿һ˵½ļ塣ҪҪ֪Ǿ͵ʵ㹻ˣ˵ɡʱ˵Ҳ
ô˵ſڣ׼ȥվסˡ
ǰ㵭˵֪ھ֪Ҳ޲Ҫʵ㹻ǿһжˡ
˵˵ͷ˵ʵͻҲԨԴҵĵһλڣӵһ뻪Ѫ
ţɻʵ
˲һЩ壬Ϊ˼Ѫͨ顣ǻ˲ͬؿԼ˺ͨ顣ҲΪӵһ뻪Ѫֻȥһ˿ѪԽԽϡˡ˵
Ǹλǰ˼ǣʵ
˵Ȼ岻ˡǰùݣȴ齨һˡӵлѪңеһԱҪͻŹϵϣСϾȥˡܺͻŹϵԽԽ١
ˣɻˣʲôģΪı𣿡
˿Цһ𣿣ǻ񣡵Щ˺εǿܿġ˳ȥԱ֮⣬Ҫõĵı
ıɻˣʲô
ھ£²֪жٱСȻⲻҪġǻ˱ıҲС磬Ϊ֮ĺͳڣͼԼռеƷƷףʥƷС
һ仰˴ԭءͳھͲ˵عΪҪõͳڣȻһ󶯸ɸꡣһս֪ͳڵͳڣҪ˵ǻĵҲ˵ȴû뵽䵽
ͼ㵹û˵ǻһ˵ԼĴˡͼڹ˼ҲǼ򵥵ϱıоһȻյԺ֮ϡ
õĴϵĶȴ˵Сνܵˣ
ΪˣǵùҹĹûʲôԶ󱧸ǣ˿ıﶼ䵽УɸоĶµĻš
ͺñǰڵĸֱﶼĲݣ̲סĸо
һξԼҪһʲôܲĿЩ˵СοЩҲҪġҪţʵЩٲõġ
ڣԸҺͻʲôϵ˰ɣ˿˵
ŻѪ㵭˵
Ȼ۾һһҲǻͨѪĺҪ˵ĻܽΪʲôСʩչʽˡ
˵񣬾֪һˡҲ͡
ѹˣ˵ڵѪ𣿡
ʼаɣ
룬ġҪ˵Ѫ治֪ǣȷʵġԸţĴһꡣԣ꾫Ѫ֮ȻҲ
˼ģΪѪʮ־ʵֲüͷҪʵʮ־ĻܴҲΪʲôž֮ʵ
ܵʲôУ㡣
룬ûܹʵĴСĴв٣
ûܹУش֪ʵʵС
һ仰һ˴͡һ㶵Ŀ㡣ǿʮҵʹﵽ֮϶ǽ˴Сû뵽ǣȻûнܴСǾ˵ƾԼʵһˣ
һ˿㣬໥һۡе𺳡ǲûʮʹﵽ֮ĴڡǣЩ˶ƾѪ֮
˵˵Ѫ֮½Ѫ֮ǿġƫƫʹãӻʧ֮󣬾û֪ô˵Ѫ֮ҲӵлѪļ壬бɽȴʹá
һЩ˵ͼܼѪ֮ͼЩУ˭õҲ͵ǿĻѪΪߡ
Ȼ߲ǴûãôоվܼһеѪ֮һ㣬ڴ󱦲̫ˡ
㵱ûнܹеʵ
֪ǺţҲͽ͵ɹ
仰ЩšҪټϽܳ츳ﵽ㵹ǲ֡
Ǻǣ֪ļǸӵлѪңȥ۹ӵСʵ
˵Ǵ塣Ҷһһˡ˶֪лѪ
ٵĻû˻ɣ˵ͷǲ֪ɷ뻪ˡʱҵУ
룬ջҡҡͷ˵Żһ㶼˽⡣οʵҲûʲôôϰ߶ǲԸܵԼ
ǱϾǻ壬ûС
лǰˡһǾá
̾һڵҲգ뻪ȻһЩôǻҲġҪǲͲɡ
˵⣬˿ٻ˵һֱû˵̫е飬үүȥܵءΪһļ̳ˣҲӦ֪һˡ


275 ҽƴ
һ˺̸˺ܶڻĵĴ˵ĳ껪һҪкεȵİϹǿ߱¸߰ͷ­
ٻҲǵһ֪ԼļϹʥԨԴʹǸĮ浾ϣҲ¶֮ɫһ壬û˲ݡ
ٻ㱻үүߣɺ̸Żĵִ˵ȻżᵽˣֻЩ˶ڵĻ˺ʧƵģ᲻Ȥ
㣡ٻ˵㲢ֻǶڱҽε˽٣㡣
Զһ㵹Կ䣬ļδУõҽεԽԽࡣĴǾ˵ġ
ҩأ㣬ҽʿ˵ҽҩϲܳΪһҽʿ
Զһش
ãȻǾҿҩҽߣ˴ЦվŸ¥ȥ
˲£¸̨ε˶ڸ¥¡˼ЩˣЦЦ˵Ƕڣÿһǵҽôˡ
ǣյ˹һ¶һ˿˷֮ɫ϶ԸǲˣҪҽϺݺݵŰһҲǺˬ顣
ԭһˣʱҲ񣬸żҩȥ
ΪҽңҩȻСҩɼǧҲ˿ӵҩУӵܴУһҩ֮ɢҩζһۿȥ֮ҩҲҽңҩһٵҩ
һŶʮߵǰһĿȴ㣬һƺ͵⡣
㣿궢żְʵ
룬һٻʵ׷ߣкָ̣
ɨһˣЦеĿһ˵ⲻĵط
ʼΪʲôҲʲôҲ̤㡣
ΪܽĶҽʿ˵⣬һ٬ӸµĿӵǣ𣿡
ռһͺԣĵ׾̲ס͵ЦǿǿĲսǿҽϡǼһȥǸ֮ǿҽʿﵽ˾֮ľ磡ҽϣ츳ֲսܵͣҽϣȥҵıչصǸûܳġ
ʹٻ㣬Ҳֻλ˵ǼҽʿʵϣٻҽʮֵͣȲȻϵĻҲšȻô˵ˣǿ϶˵⻰ԭġ
źĸ㣬ǣһҪôһ㡣Ƶ˿ǲ
ǺǣˣҪǿʤʱͻȻ˵Ҫƽͣǫá
˾ǲడԼǱȲ˼ҵľ硣
ҪƵĻſûˡ
޲úݺݵĳԼͣôܾϼһоأ
õĻ˸˷ܣһĿĿ㡣
ҲϻһȺ˵˵ɣҪôҽ¾ǡ
仰һʱյ˶Ըʱ֪ԼʲôãΪƹ벻˿һ
Ǿȴҽʼɡ۾㣬һǲң
ʼȻûͷҪҪȻ˭档ȥ˯Ͼ˯Ǻܺķġ
Ҫʲôͷֱֱʵ
룬ǻûʲôܸԼġûвͷͶԷ̬ˡ
ɣҪӮˣԺҾͽʦҪˣԺҼͽͽܣô
ãҲû̫ʲôͷ⣬Լһʤ
͵Ц˵ǲڣ
áδ˵꣬վһ˵ӮҪΪͽܡ
仰㶣һ¸ոյĻɫ˱䣬ŭ˵˵ɣ
һۣҪҸúýѵһ
ҪˣǾ͹㡣
ǾɣҲ˵
˼ˣҲ⡣Ҫûһǿʤģòˣ
ɣҸУ˵ȻҪҽǾͱҽҩ顣ҽȵҽյƷʡʩչǿȡɣΣ㵽һЩǰ˭ҽãǾ˭ʤΣ
˶ͷʾû
Σȥɣ˷Ը
θϽǰǰԺȥѰǰԺÿǰʤԺܿξʹһȺǰƺƵʮ
λҵλҽʿǵĲλæƣ֪λкҪ󣬾˵Цſһˡ
һȻҽƷǺŵģܾĺܡȴûб¶飺Ǿλˡ
˰ʮ˷ֳţÿһӶнӽʮҸող̽һ£ѶȲࡣԣ˭ҽ꣬˭ʤһһĹǣֻҽõҩȻҪҽεľͷñ˵Ц
˵ͷΪһҽʿְҵ»еġ
ȴûΪô໪ĵЩ˵Ĳˡ
ʼɣ˵
˵꣬ߵһǰ˿ˣȻͿʼһдٶʮֿݡ
㿴һĻ΢΢һ㶣һҲͽ뵽⣬ЦЦҲߵһǰ㵽˵һǰΪ֮һ㶡Ѿӵһ뿪֪Ѿκһ
˵ڶǰҲֻɨһۣ漴һѲ˵ֿ֣ʼʩչû˿Ķ
ᣬԼ̫ˡֻ뵽Լĵ϶ԷǿյҲȶԷǿȴһҪԭ
ǾѰҲ㡣ȴǵһûҳôƣ
ȴżƣҳ󣬶ѬĿȾ£ںܶಡֻҪһܿʲôĶʮֿ졣
Ȼ˸ƵĵҲϲԷܶࡣԷڶҺáִŵһ˵鿴ȻУҲҲķⶫ;黹кܴϵġȻҳǺ˼ֻһ۾ܿͰ
ԭΪԼʤģڿ˵ܴܡ


276 ҩ
̽ҳЩ˵ĲǲѡһЩʱڿʼΪһơֻļ򵥵Ѫѡʩչһ˳Ѫĵһ
һ˼ֻʩչһתһˡ΢΢һ£һһߵרҵˣǾҲҪʩչ
űԷ᲻ٵݣ˸ǻɡ̲סĿ⿴Ҽ
˼˿Ŀĵ׵ǾúЦЩϲòȡˡֻһۣܿڵĵ£Ĳȷʵõĺܳס
ڸв֪СܱڵҽΣһִ
˿Ŀ˻ЦŽ͵İɣĲѾˣ
Ȼɣô˵ڶΣվû˵ʲôֻǱ׾ڱϵ֣еĻ˼֡
ѰҲȴǻ˲ʱ䣬ҽȴʮֵĿݣһܽ಻죬ʵǲÿҽĲˣ̲סɵĿ㡣
һ·ûͣٵΪЩҽιȥܿʮ˱ҽ˴룬ͷҲźˮð
ȴһ㶼ûҽ꣬յ¶ϲ֮ɫһѾʤˣ
˿㱿׾İε̾һܵǰҽϣǰھϡҪӵкһҲ죬ذܡ
ĵʮЧⲻǵܱġҴʩչĵûظĵǶ١˶Щʣ²ٵǿ˿ΪȻģСõĸ١
ҪܰСӵĵƭźáĬĬ˵ҪܰĵƭǼҽҪǿࡣ
黹ýٻȥĬĬžΪȻһڡ
ͷĺˮԼɵģЩĽڣܱġ
ӦҲѧϰһЩˡ
ҽεһʱֻʣˡ״һǰܶˡûΪͣơЩ˼ȻƣҪꡣ
ͣɵСӣյЩ˷ܵĿ
Ǵ˿̵ȴüͷڵǰֿŶԷϸϸĲ̽üͷԽԽԭûͣٵĲʱȻͣ
Ƭͣ٣ûε̫⡣Ͼʱ̫ˣźܶ˷ѡҽǿǿҲڲһѡ
ԣͣٲû⡣
ΪЩҽΣΪƵĶˣҲҵһЩо֮ǰٶҪϲ١ڵİ£˱ҽκá
ʱ˿ݣҲˣߵǰȰǽǵĲڽ˺ڴصǰ
ʱʮûΡ
Ųʩչ˼漴ٴοŶԷ漴ҡҡͷɿּʩչȻֿŶԷ
üͷԽԽʩչͿŶԷвϱ䶯ʱ£ʼһ˷ѡȴڲϵĽŲ˵ĲոյٶȣҪϲ١
ϣûһüġÿһɫƽ
찡յ˿ֻʣˣȴüͷЩˣȭͷյĽģ̲סΪż
ٴκˣȴüǡһ㶣ѵз̵Ŀܣһǲ֪˰ɣ
뵽⣬ȻһЦʼһˡ
һκãյ˼ֱšһԵ˼״Ҳ̲ס̾һû뵽ıʡΪҽȻЩѣǲ޲ߡʵȴǣҲֵ㡣
㣬ȻӪҲͬѶȵĲˣȴ׾پͰԷˡ
εһ˵ʱյһʧǣˡһˡ
һκúתͷŶͷһϸϸˮ˵ΣǲӦýʦˣ
ߣֻǵһǸɴֱ࣬䡣
䣬յ䣺ոյĽԶ׼Ҫһ֢ôʤѶȸ󣬲ռһˡ
ô˵֪ǲԸϡҲգҾġ
˵꣬ߵǰڡһЩʱӡ𣬵ڴ꼸˵ٿǰɢѪ𣿡
һ仰ŶԷ̽һ£ɫͱʮѿ֮󣬲һ䣡
һ仰һƬȻܲԸšǣ˿ȴòʤˡЩԭĲˣʱĻҲɢһл
Խʦ˰ɣ۾
һǵһ
ǣǺҪʧʤĻᡣ
ԣϧˣȻʧ󡣡

ԷĻ΢΢ЦЦҲûзκۡ˵ȻǻȵȾŰķڷ
˼Щӵܣε̾һĲܺȣƣֻΪҽҡ
ˣǾһɣ˵ҩҲԶһǾͿԶһǶǿɡ˿˵Ҳ뿴ͻԨԴ꣬׵õ˶ٻĵľ衣
⡣˶˵
˵ҩͱ˭һĵҩɡɷӣûйأֻҪƷĵҩ˭ʤ
˶û˷Ը˰ҩ
ɰƷҩǹˡǾͿǵˡ˵
˵ͷ֪ĵҩһơƷҩѾ൱ˣֵǧ
ʱʵǲܶǿĵҩűʵҩʿ߶ֻҽʿһЩƣ
ȴͬҪʿͬʱ߱Ҳ˵ҪѧϰһҪ˫޵Ĺӵ⻹иֱغܶࡣ
ԼڣƵҲƷҵĵҩ
ȻѾȫиͬҲҪġֻΪеԵʣɵ̫ࡣܱһӶɲһҩʿֻҪ㹻ʵ˵ѡ


277 Ի붦
Ҫҩгɡ˶˵
ҪҩдһֽϣȻݸˡ
˿еҩģɨһۺ󣬾Ŀһۣ漴Աߵһ˵ûеҩĵڿȥȡ
ܿ죬ҩľͱȡ˹
ҩȡİлҩ֮Уҩϵİťҩ棬ܿһ
㿴űһյҩҲѧӣѻСһʹҩܲڻ˲ʱ󣬲ǿƻ
˱׾ľٶиǲмöղãҩ
ҩ濾ĲˣѵһҩУҲȫУСĿŻеҩ
ľٶ㲢ûżϤҩ˲ʱ䣬ԽԽ˶¶ĵɫŰĿתƵҩ
Щҩģҩķ뵽ҩ֮С
͡
㻹δ׼õҩͱȵ¶һɶµҩĳΪƷ

һӵ̲סЦҩ
ɣҩʺ㣡
򶼿ƲãȻҩ

оƤЩȣ˿ܣûŮԱߣһҺûŮߣҪȻͶˡˣǾЦɡ
ԴѾϵҩģѿƣĶã
ѷɾ㿪ʼĵŻ򣬶˸ոһһҪĶࡣ
ڻѲʱ䣬룬ҩҩ֮СڻĿڻǾͽֲࡣ
İһҲûгָոյҩ£ʼɢ
ҩɢҩУϵĵеҩΪ֮ȵǣҩ֮еҩҩδȫɢͼҩһ׽ȥ
һĻе㳣ʶ˶֪ҩõİ취ѭ򽥽һҩҩɢһҩģõķʽȻһ԰еҩ׽ȥҲǲԡȥҪǿĿ⣬Ҫ߼ҩ
ǴӸող˿ӵǿ͸߼ҩ
˵ҩ֮ҩıϵʱȴһӡһĻϡӡ£ԭĻ濪ʼתҩγһټСнһͼڵɰСڰ˸㣬³ҩ
ʲôػ𷨣žȻγ֯Ļ棬һӵо治ѡ
ͬһ㶣ŵڰ˵㲻³ĻɹŹֵĿһ㣬ֿػ֮ȷʵ棬Ŀػ£
Щ֮ӡɲϴӡᡣӡӿ뵽ҩ֮УЩҩӡ£ʼҩ֮ճҩϣһҩҩз
ҩҩм䣬һзתתٶʮ֮졣ԭҪӷҩҩת£ʼл۶ȥ
Ż۳ҩ룬ӡͻȻһ䣬һһϣ͵Ĵ뵽ҩ֮С
Ի붦̲סһԻ붦̫棬ҪƸƷҩҪʹԻ붦붦ҪߵĿҩҲԲ̫ˮƽȻʩչԻ붦ҪǲӵĻһˡ
ʩչԻ붦ҲһûпƵסҩıϡ
ƣɲʩչԻ붦ԼҩʱҲֳһ۲㡣
ɫƽӡϴһĻҩ֮УʼЩҩģ£ҩĵҩӿǣҩıգȻᱻȼ
ĿػַܲĵȻҩˣǻȴһҲ˵ÿҪȼҩĵʱ򣬻ˣһֿʼաƵʮֵλ
Űȼգҩ֮һʱ˵ûʲôǵ˵ȴ̲סȻ˵ٶ
ܣɺϣɺϣвһ˵
嵱һλͨߣҩ˫ʥƷҩ˵ҲʲôϲõľǾٶַȻĻͨĻʹõȵȡ
һλͨڴ½˴ͳѵ㣿
ССĻԸһɺϡĴͳܱܣҪȻʵôֻôһ㣿
ҡҡͷһڲҩһҩĵΧԽԽŨҩ˿һ
ҩôöûһһƷĵҩǲˡǣܿϧԻ붦
ӵȻҲһĻյ̲סüͷҪʤˣСҾ͸ˡΪǻΪٻ㣬ʤˡ
뵽⣬һҵӶһۣһӵߵԱߣһ˰ҩΧն˵ҿػ󣡡
Щô˵΢΢üͷǿ쵽еĻ棬һҧվ˵ͷ
һӵӡ᲻ϴӡ֮£ԭҩµĻ棬ʼ֩һһ󡣶ͬʱһԵһҩ֮СȻҲʩչԻ붦ַ
˿һĻͬЦáû뵽Щ˱ƵֵزҿػһڼҩҲһ˵һλҼҩ뻯һõһҩҪĵҩǷԼһ֮ȻҩǿҵרЩ棬һЩгϾͨǣⵤҩȴҪ涼Ҫλơ
λãֻм֮ŵҩҲΪˣҿػΪ׿ػ󣬲ƳĵҩǵҩڼлΪʥƷšҩںҵҩҲ˵һںЩĳ
ݡ
ȻҲ֣һ̵ͻȻ쳣ǿҩٲһһֵ׽ȥһһѵĶȥ̲סһҵķȺ쵰ַӳˡ˵ǵġڣһȺ˵һ
ģΪκε𣿡ŭһԻΪ붦һУ


278 Ʒ
붦һУ
Ĵ֮£һҩ֮Уҩ֮еĻ໥ӦƶգᣬһѰѵҩĶҩ֮Уӡϴ
ʱҩ֮У濪ʼеת£ҲתһЩ˦ҩ֮⡣ҩ֮УһƬ𺣣Ǿˣȴûһ˿սζɢһ˿ҩûɢ
ҩϲҲӡϽͬһҩ֮Уʼҩģһҩ಻ҩ֮СϵʩչֶΣҩҩ֮вɢ
˿൱Ǵ˼ȤҲû뵽

һЩ˵ӡ͵Ľԭҩʼѹڻĺ濾£ĵĻ۶ȥһԲĵҩɡ
εĵҩһߵҩģһҧֱһӣеҩĶҩ֮С
Сӷˡûв뵽ػӵܼ˷ľٶ̲סڡ
ûǵľҩ֮еĻ£һҩҩ֮ɢЩҩɢһһС
飡
Ĵ֮£뵽ҩ֮УȻ֮л۶ȥ̬ҩʼۣҲһС
Ĺ£ҩɵ衣ͬʱҩҲĲҩĲ£һϸСѷҩϳ֡
Щѷ죬һӵȴϲɫҩҪˣʲôȥ۵ҩ
ģȻҲһĻ̲סһ䡣ǲҵҩҲ̫ʵ˰ɡҩҪˣҪһ
뵽⣬Ķ죬ȼյĻȸҡ

㻹ʱһȼյĻȫϨ𡣶ͬʱһŵҩ۶еУɹɵɢۿȥһžӨ͸ĵҩС
ƷֻһۣܿŵҩƷŵҩ̲ס˵ͷƷҩУҲƷ뵽ܺһŵҩҲŰοЩӵûзҵıҵ
ӵھ֮̾Ŀ⿴㣬ȴҩѷԽԽһͬĿ㡣

һ£ҩڼֲס͵ıըҩƬŻܣŰӵͷһһϽ˳ȥ
쵰һҩҩҩȻҩıըˡһĵһҩƬغſ㣬ܰܶ˰ɡ
Ǿȵǣһŵҩҩҩ㴫Ϊ֮ˬ
Ȼɹˡһ㶵㣬û뵽ⶼɹˡ
˿еĵҩоĿһۡȻƳƷĵҩңⵤҩ֮оȻȻ㵱ʱƵʱȥġ
ҩֹһоءرǣϲصҩ;ʲôֻƾž飬λƷ
ôһ˰ɣ㿴۾ǡ
ΪһҽʿȻĳ˭ĵҩӡ뵽ԼһȺ˻ǰУһɫЩѿ
˵ǴˡȻˣǾͽʦɡ㿴Це˵ͽȻһ㣬ǿ°ɡ
ɫ࣬ģʮ꣬ԼѾһˡȴҪһΪʦνеĳڣ
ô㲻ҪڰɡǼġҪǷڶĿɲһ˵ңǼ档㿴
һˣվ죬бų֣ʦ
˵֮Ҳ˵ʲôת뿪
ιôСôҪ㺰ûд㣬ӱط㲻ֹôʦҾʦƣʦƲҲͰˣȻҰʦͽܣˣԺ󲻽㱾¡
㲻ֹĿ⿴ӵܡЩӵҺӣһϽӱɢ
Цִ򲻹˼ңҩ˼ңҪˬĻᱻŰĺܲҡ

Щ˶뿪εʼ磬Ժڿ԰һˡ
ܲССĳɾͣٲſʡļ˵ոʩչʲôҩ𣿡
룬ȻСǲܸ㣬ҪȻĵġ
еҩͽҩſں
ĻҲʡ˵ͷͻȻ㣺ûȤ䳤ϣ
һ㶣û뵽һҪ룬վҡҡͷҵļҶǰңǶС㲻ͬ⡣
ǼҶ˵ۿ㣬ɫͻȻЩǺ죬дǴ󵨡ȻӵлѪˡ
߲ѣѪǺεȸ߹ȻˡȴΪ١ǣҾȻҰѪˡ˾бҪҼú̸̸
ֻܽ͵ǰˣΪ䵼ֻһˣҺõõҾȼãŻʱҲ֪ĵ顣ԹֲҡοҲҵˣϰң᲻ˡ
Ǿˣ߻Ѫ㡣ҲҶߡ
ҡҡͷ˵һݶѡԼԼˣǾν
ֱֱĶ㣬ûһ˿αɫ̾һҲգ˵뷨Ҫ뿪ȴĻҡ
˵ͷĵȴšǲܷ飬ңôܻ뿪
ʵҶҲˬģҪ£ɣû¹һС㡣ôҸļҶ
ˣھסҰɣ߻Ѫ飬ҲҪȥѵŵˡ
ô˵üͷһѵɱ¾ˣѻѪɾɣ
ҡҡͷֻһԭ򡣻ԭǻ˱ġԣСһЩǡ
֪ˡش
ˣҩ˵㻹ϵʿҪǿԵĻȥʿһˣкôͻȻ˵
ʿ᣿ɻˡ
ЦЦ˵ȥ˾֪ˡ
ͷʱȥɡĵȴ˻ĵЩ赣ͼףЩһֲĻ𵴵ġ
οĵ֮ҪĻȻҪȻǲʵôľǱȫԼЩ˾ȻѪ
ԼκӪҪĻ׾١ԼֻвϵʵԱ֮


279 ؿζŵ
֮УѤŮ˧дУһŻ⾧Ө裬߶ɢҵϢǰϢ
һ䣬ûעǰˡĵ׵ǻҼĻ
Ҵһʱ󣬾ҼǣϾҶ˼ھǣûҪһֱҡߵʱҼ˵ʵĿġ
һռ䣬ռûܿˡԭΪӵеĻѪ
һ仰ҼӺ׳ֻΪ˸ĵ顣ǴѪ⣬ҪѪռ䡣
ûֱӻشҼĵ׵ҪȥġǣϹµĿռ䣬ǲô򵥡㲻Ӧο˽⣬˵ٻϵأ
Ҽ䣬뿪ҡֻĵȴһֱ顣ĵ׺ʶһĻġ
ţĻѪҪǸռֻҪѪĻһܿǣܲȥ⡣
ָУһºϡúϺأҲһѡ񡣿ǣȴһֱڱչС
룬ȰʱҶ˼֯᳡УҶ˼ִƾǷֻᣬһθڶǰμ
ôһż־ϲŰ˼ջһٸڰǰٸս޳ʮ㣬߰ȶˣΪˣһһϵķ촽ϢֱһڿյرǴȹװ޳¶һСأӨ͸ļˮƮȻת棬°ęͦ쳣ĸ̣ķѩɽͣμΪˡϱʩۣ֬ü۽ǣǴ⣬һ˫ˮ۾ҪγˮЦЦ۲ӯӯ
㿴ǰٸҲȣû뵽Ůˣĵ׻һ˿ǸģͳĶģŮһƣȻʯֲһ£ǿվЩ˼
ǣ㲻˼鲻˼ȴ¶ҪȻŮ˻
ŵһ㶣ǰ굱ʱˣһȻͬˣǲʶ뵽⣬ŵ˵ϴҷҵС
ŶװŻȻ򣬡ǸСŮС
ˣŵЩ˵ע㣬껹ǺкøеġϾһ֤ԺáڹȦ棬̫ˡԺõ꣬ŵǺԸദģ꿴̫Сˡ
ˣǸСôˣŵͻȻʵ
Сãһ㶣漴׹˵ѡϴθ˵̫ˣû˲ôġ
ʼ磬ŵ˵Ǿܾң
ôܣŵоŲ˼飬ҪǸվҼſڣĿƣһֱ꿴ңΪԴ׵壬Ҫжˡ
Ǻǣ㿴ŵŵı飬Ȼ֪ŵ˵ЦŵòûΪ
Ϊˣ뿪׳ǸĵˡſںΪܵĪƵġ
Сƺˣŵ㰲οû£СŮҪģ㶼壬һЩжҸұ֤һϲġϴΣ϶µļӡӦóʤ׷ôأ

ЩѣŮ˻˼ܹˡ
ˣǿŤĹϲ𣡡һҺˣԸ̸ı顣
СƺһӣŵЦһھûпϵģҪеĻҰȥý
ͷĺ߼ðʹҡҡͷһû˺лԺ˵
޵Ůˣ׳֮һŮǲʳģ
ţҪпϵĺ˵ھһмӵĵʱҰ㱣ýǾͳɹһ롣ŵȻԼġ
ŵô˵㵹ЩŵݣھԻ֮ظô˵϶ҪһЩǮ
ŵ㲻˵ΪеĳӻǸСŮЦЦתƻôƾƣȥʶһ¾ǵſǺǣû뵽ô󣬽˵Ҫ֯ᣬôݵĹμӡضΪṩ
ҲҲǺ׳֮һ佱
ŵҡҡͷûʱں׳ǵǶɧһ֣ҵλþͲˡǺǣ׳и˵𣿡
ţʵ
ŵ˵˵ǷȴϵŮ
ŵЩ˵㿴һŵɢϢĽ͸ĸоȷʵܼ˵룬Ҷ˼ŵȷʵһЩŵһڿյջ󣬶Ҷ˼ȴǵߵľ
һǺ޲úݺݵĴڣһȴżָ߸ϣȻÿ˶룬ǲÿһҸжһŮľη
Ůˣ治ӦóϡŵЦЦȻûھǻ켣ֻһͷȴþǵĴٹ֮͡ʥʦһۣӰʢ󡣡
Ȼ֪Ǿʲô޷졯ǶһŮۡ
Ů̫˵ܣǶŮ˵ȴһҸͻȻ˵
ŵһ㶣û뵽˵һ仰漴ЦСƺͦ˵Ҷ˼Ǻǻ
ʼǻģҲɺõġ
һ仰ŵⲻˣ˦˦ͷͬΪ£ܵĿࡣѵлᣬ֪ܲ߳
ŵȻҲ֪Ҷ˼һᣬЦŶ˵
ûлشӦҶ˼ġ
ˣ˵ЩˡСƺʱȥҼ͡СѾͷϴ㱧֮󣬶㵹벻ôСŮǰôҪ£ٵʮ꣬ʱ޸ǡŵ˵˵ţͻȻԼЦЦǰǰʮֲӿ㵣ű
ǸҵȲôáԼ̫ˣǰĲŮåͷɼƻɼôǰ
Ȼйܶ˼룬Ψؿζ˼ûСһʱ־ԼɣԽǲ硣
ôһôпܣ
һһǵĴŮŵ


280 ۼ
ŵŮȻʱʱ˵ĻȴǲھҲ˽⣬㽲ܶණֻʱʱðһСƺ㷭Űۡȴûı䣬˭Լֻʮ꣬ŵȣСƺ
ŵ굹Ǿþ棬Ȼ˵ĻࡣǱһһݳȡŵԭʱʱĶһ㣬ԭҪȴ治ɫĵ׸Ǿþ棬жջŵܶ꣬ǿࡣ
͸壬ʮ˵ջǻƾӼ֡
ǸȤļһŵĵֹһȴӵ׽˼֡Ͼ˲¶̰⻹Ǻ˸˵ġ
ŵϸʱڵ̺ϣһŮ˻߳߳һǣֵ˲þ롣ڵ̺룬һŮŮ񣬴һӺݵɫȺ߶֮䣬·һĪǶ£˵ĺĴһĿƵĿҶ˼ϾԲλƿĿ⣬Һ˫ЦȻˮӡ
Ҷ˼ΧһŮһĽұӡ
޷ŮˡܱȵϵġŵԱߵ̾
㿴ųдĪҶ˼΢΢ЦЦҲûдŵĻоյҶ˼һҶ˼ϼġ
ŮôǹϢԺͻȻðһϲֳһشϣˡ
ţû뵽ܸоϢ֮ż־֮̾ɫ
΢΢һ㶣ټϾ̾ԺϵļʶȵĲࡣ
ʲôϢʵ
ۼһһ˵
ۼɻʵۼһǹơ
ϱĵһЦۼǷĵۼǴ½ĵۼһϹŵһǿߣһۼ£ʵƿֲʵֱƻĶǿߡ֪ԵʣʧϹšȻʧȴ˵ͳ֮ۼȻȲϵһۼȴҲǺպڴ½˸ǡֻ棬ۼһԽԽϡ٣ʧ
΢΢һ㶣û뵽ۼ˿ֲȻźͻĶǿʵǺεȵĿֲ뵽˺ϻﲡʵȻʧˣΪʲô˵Ϣ
˵ʧʧǰżȻһĵۼֹԲܲһ˿ϢŮϣҲźƵϢϻشɻĺܣۼͳмڳԵϡ٣ĵ۹Ǽ֡Ů޵ڵۼͳʲôݣôӵǵϢ
ϵĻҲžҶ˼Ҷ˼Ȼǵۼͳ֮еˣԱ֤ǼȻˣҶ˼ΪʲôӵϢϲῴҶ˼ŵۼϢô͵ۼǣ
ӦǸովѣҪȻǵֶΣͲϢ¶˵Ϣϵõ˲ࡣ
Ϻһۼ죿ͻȻźϡ
һν飡ƽ
ƽ㵹⣬оϹʲôƵģȻһЦſڰԺϲǶ˼ǿ˰ɣ
ԭźϵŭԺȴûкϵȻϳĬˡ
ҿһ䣬ϵ̬ȣһۼûбǿ֮϶ҲһЩš
ŮµҶ˼ٴź˵ϣԻ˽𣿡
ŻشаɣǸʥ壬½йǵĴ˵ôˣ
ӵлѪûƭֱԶź˵
仰úһ㶣漴ϵ˷֮ҾͲµʵӵʥ˫ޣʩչĵȥ壬м˫޹ڱ˵ǺϡٵĹǶڻ˵κһֶֹ
òµˡ벻СҲӵлѪֻǲ֪СӵĻѪϧ״̬޷Ѫľȡ̾һ
ҵѪӦúܾźֱ˵
ô֪㡣
ҵġش
ôһ˵Ϸˣ˵ͷ˵žѪͺãѪܼ˫޹СԺɾͶȻ͡
ϣһ¡źϣҲ֪ϤҲӵлĵһ˿Ѫӵһռ䣬ҪѪ֮ܽȥ˵𣿡
ü˵ңֵĺǸռҲţϡ飬Ϊ½ûĻѪˣŰѼҵѪϴȻԿֻʧ˼Σѵǻ˳ԣ
һ㶣û뵽ѹҼ£ΪҪһѪ֮һѪ֮Ͷһϣ
룬ҪǽƾѪ֮ܿĻһ㹻ˡ
ҪĻȥһ¡Ѫ֮ԽǸռõĺôӦø񡣱Ͼǻ󱲵ġ˵
һ˽ȥأ
ĪĻúһ㶣漴ЦСӻ湻̰ĵġȱ˵Ѫ֮ܽȥѪ֮ˣûڶǿҲ򿪲Ǹռ䡣ԣһҸȥǸռ䡣
仰㳹ġ
ǺǣҪ㣬ȥ԰ɡܽȥãҪлµĴУܵõĻϾͲΪء˵
С֪ˡͷ
˾ĵ㣬Ŀ⿴Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ʱȺУŮһ߲ʣޱȡеۼ緶
ŵһĻȻҲЩȣ˵ı仯󡣡
ûдĻŵ΢΢ЦСƺ㲻Һһ֧𣿡
һ㶣漴ЦЦҡҡͷĿ⿴Ҷ˼ԤԼˡ
ŵһ㶣漴Ц㲻ҪԤԼɣ˰ɡ
ҲͣĿע⵽Ҷ˼ϣʱҶ˼Χżֵ꣬ţΧҶ˼߶㾴ơ
Ҷ˼ǳЦȻɢĻǧ̬ʣٱһ׽Զȴ˸оľ롣
ȺͬŮˣĿûתƣתеľƱٶʮ֮졣ζǰھưɺ͵ʦѧġ
ŵеľƱתĻŵЩһ֣ǼĿֱֱעҶ˼̲סôȥˣ



281 Ÿ
㿴ŵһۣͻȻָվҶ˼ǰһʵǸ˭
ŵȻȥǸһ꣬ſڽ͵ŸϵࡣھҲŲСϿҪͻƾ֮ʵھȻ˵ߣȴ˸
ŸϣھǺ𣿡ʵ
ŵһ۵ʥʦʥʦȴеĳϴ˵һ֮֮ϣǣȨƵ١ܶүǶҪߡ۹žĵλ
仰㵹һϾȻһҪȨơ
ÿһλϣҲгԪ֮ʵ
Ԫ֮͵ĴѾĴˣɽ֮֮Уǻᵱһ
ǣЩÿһʵ֮ϵʥʦأе۹صĻңô㷢֣۹ԶԶҪǿ
ǲǱŵˣҲ£ҪǸҺȥԴףǽҾĺܡҲκ㣡
㣿㾪ȵĿŵû뵽ŵȻź͸ϽаǿǳԪ֮ҪףһЩǿҲ֮Ԫ֮֮ǡ
ôңŵЩĿ㡣
ǵǣֻԼȥԴף㲻ûҡЦ
ŵЦһ۵ҿɲƭӣ±˿Сƺ
ŵô˵ЦЦûм˵ʲôǸһֱվҶ˼ǰݣŲ˹ȥ
ŵĸҹȥͣоЩ˼飺СƺΪļҵŮܵѸҶ˼ϰɡҪĻҪ˺ˡ
Ҷ˼С㣡ҪǽûʱĻԼȥơ౻Ҷ˼ίľܾһΣԾɲҶ˼ûмŮˡȻŮоĪѹñеĵۼҪ󡣿үүݣ뵽Ҷ˼˵ݣѹ˴룬̲סҶ˼
Ҷ˼΢΢üͷ׼ܾԷʱȴһº͵ܱǸҶ˼Լˣûʱȥơ
һͻȻ죬΢΢һ֮ҲûаҶ˼ЦҶ˼С治ǣ
˵û죬죬춼ԼˡǸҶ˼˵վǰֱۣܸоҶ˼ϴȣЩԳ
ජ㣬дһԹޡûоҶ˼ʲôϵϾʵڲÿҶ˼û۹⣬ҲһСƨʲôСƨеҶ˼㣬ҲֻǺҶ˼ܵһѡֻ±ƻȻǺ㡣
ŵԶҶ˼㣬΢΢һ㶣оʲôʱҶ˼ϵôãҶ˼ʶǲ֣ϾǺ׳ǳģܾͳԤˣȻŵҲΪҶ˼ʲôŵ뷨УǸ͵ŮĲˡ
ජŵŵεҡҡͷ׼Ϊͷǳȴһϼ⣬ɫϼӶ
һĻ˶סɴ۾ĿһĻֻгԪ֮
ͬ𺳣ռɫʴһº͵Ϣ鲼ռ䣬º͵Ϣ£ŰԵϢĽϣ泩ʱֲð
һ̣оԼʹãףԪ֮εȿֲ˻δ󡣹â鲼
ǺǣôҪͷҶ˼С㲻ɡһ仰£һͯպ׷ߴճ֣²ŲʴҶ˼ǰڵϵʱԭɫϼŻʧ
үүôˡ࿴үүдϲ
˿ˣһͷΪ֮һݣһײβٳУھǵλȻû뵽μһᣬһҶ˼
˷ܵɫһĿ⿴Ҷ˼϶վˣҶ˼ܾܾ
Ҷ˼üͷڵ۹֮Уʵ۱¶Ҫϼ棬οֻԵЦݣҶ˼ôҲԸӦ
Ҷ˼оΪѵʱȴоֱۡ
Ҷ˼Ϊ֮㶵ʱ򣬿ռͻȻһչ飬Ͼ޹ϿΪӳŵס𣿡

ռһƬȻһɴ۾ĴѰ޷˾Ȼֱ۹ϡԪ֮ĵ۹ϣ֮ϵĵ۹ϡ
ŸϣȴŭΪ֮͵ǣŸɫ˲ĺѪɫŵע㣬Ѱ
ϿѵҪԳֲɣ
Ǹɵû˿飬ֱԺǳ⡣˿޷ģǵ۹ĸϰ
͸ˣŸϱǳҲﶺһץʧ״̬࣬żǱ뿪
˿ƵĳŸϣһз˾ξˣ޷пһĻû󣬳ȥʵ۱ºʥʦ˭øˣ
˭Ըϲǹֻһ涼ûðŸϾԳߣ
֮гĬаŵҶ˼

Ÿϣڻ˲ʱƽϢ飬ž壺Ȼչˣ
үү˭ͬ𺳵үүûүүҲᾪֵֵزУûүүʧ̬
ԺԴҶ˼׼ʹòֶΣҪùķȥ׷ʹСֶΡŸϵһԼӺǳ
ɻĿŸϣȴŸϵĽ͡Ÿ̾һոյǸһλǰģλǰŹ֮Ȼʼһʱһֻһ֮ԶԶĿȻʱмӡֻû뵽ôȥˣǵҵ֡
ȻʶмӣĭоԴˡ
Ÿϵ˵ͷʱȻʴһٲſȥһЩָܵ㣬ЩһǳΪһǿߡУҶҵλ̫ϳϾһλǰǿҲףҪǶԸҵĻ϶׶Ըֻû뵽ڵ۹֡ҿӺҶ˼ϵǳǲԣҶ˼ֻ׷Ҳٰ㣬ԼҲʹֶΣҪ֪Ȼ㡣
Ÿ˵Ȼʶмӣﻹ𻨻˼
Ÿϼ̾һ˵λǰ͵Ҳôǵġ˵Ҷ˼Ů
һѣ಻ΪȻ
Ǻǣ㲻ͬһҪȻҲڶһֹעԺˡش


282 ߴϻ
Ҷ˼ע㣬Ȼ֪һĻйأֻ̫˺Ȼˡһ˺Ȼǵжôֲ
Ҷ˼ͶѯҶ˼߽ͣʦ𣡡
Ҷ˼һ㶣Ȼ֪ôͻȻðһʦ𡣿뵽һٶȣʦҲ֡
Ҷ˼ָƽҲ뵽ָжźϸлһеЩңҺúʶλŸϣҪȻû취ܾںϣ˻ԡƾ壬һԪ֮Ķ֡
ʱ׺ϵжƣһø߲ʵĳԪ֮ǱӡҪף۹е඼ǾǺ֮Ԫ֮Ҫǿ̫ࡣ
˿Ҷ˼һݾηĵҲһҶ˼֪ŽһĻܶ˼ҪһĻܿͻᴫǡ
һλ˸ϵĴվҶ˼˭Ҷ˼ⶼҪ
Ҷ˼㣡һ֧ɣǣҶ˼
Ҷ˼ɫ˺죬漴ЦȻ𣿡
Ҷ˼Ұν˵ǰȻͨ貽Ͼǰһ࣬ȻҲ£ôҶ˼Ը̵Ļһѧͻᡣ
Ҷ˼ô˵ֻܺһ賡һҶ˼һСƺ賡һоĶҪˡСƺ˭ȻҶ˼ϵôãĵطҶ˼Ȼ貽
㲻˵Լܴ𣿡Ҷ˼ֲһźҧűݣ촽ɢźȵϢżֽ۲ת֣Ȼ֣㿴ȴĻ
ƽĶǸѶȵģͻȻô򵥵ģЩҲ֪һȥһǻġ˵ȴһ飬貽ǰҪĶ࣬㾡Сģ̲ס
ģ˭ģ˻衣
ĵ״ȴ˿¶
ӴٴβҶ˼һţҶ˼ҧűݵԲ۾Ŀ㡣
ʧʧ󣬾ʧ󣡡˵´ξԲᷢ
Ҷ˼Σֻܼ㡣ΪҲ̫ôһ¡
Ӵ
ǵزƽҲ֪˭̵ģôƽԴǵı̵صˡ
Ҷ˼ЦãŽƽĵ̺ͬˮһĵضƽʲôƽģ
Ҷ˼ŬƽϢĵ׵θС㻹ٲǣСģǵ͹츳ͬһ£ֱһš
ʧʧ󣬵ƹ̫ˣˣ
ʹйϵ𣿺һֱûע°ɡ
ʧʧ󣡸ոǷ

Ҷ˼Ҳ̲ȥˣĵطãڽęʱǲϲ
ҲίҲ֪Ǹ쵰貽ʱʱҪęһˣƨŤŤģ㻹ⲻϣҶ˼˶ٱ飬ͲҶ˼ٽš
˿Ҷ˼һŽŲţ޲СӡˮһŮˣҲòȡ
Ҷ˼վ̵㣬Ҳѧ貽ֻܷ
ˣҶ˼һۣķ顣Ϊ֮ʧ
޹ʼ̫ƽˣ

Ҷ˼һҶ˼ҲʱʱŹǰҶ˼չˡҶ˼ҲĻӦͬʱ̸һ̻顣Ϊʶ˸ոŸǱһĻЩ˱ֵ쳣ƣֻҪҶ˼඼ӦˡЩܵ𸴵ģǿڳƻȥϸҶ˼𸴡
һᣬеҪɹĶࡣԱҶ˼һ׮׮߻뾩̻Ӧûٵķչʹǰҵֶε㣬Ҷ˼Ҳ˼ߵۡ
Ҷ˼С㣡֪ܷһ֧ŻҪôƵʱһº͵̧ͷȥһ࿡ߴһºʮ׽վǶ档
߹ӸոҲˣҽűȵˡǸҶ˼˵
ϧҶ˼С㹲һϣԺлᣡˣ˵꣬תߣʮִݵ
㿴ӣüͷ΢΢࣬Ȼ˼ɵĶࡣȵıԼļپܾҲ棬˾Ů֪ǵ˼ȴ̫ķСֶǰҲһֱù
һﵹǺܻ׷Ůˡֹһ漴Ҷ˼ЦҶ˼㡣˭
ߴϻۣھǺһ˳ƴϹӣҶ˼˵
йӣǲǻ⹫ӣʧЦ
Ҷ˼һ۵ԺСһЩھһ仰ϻ۲ϻۣͿϹӡӡ˺ֶΣһУͷо仰˵Ӷţ𡣡
ôţƣ㵹û뵽ִ˵ҲϡھԻĵطܷƸ꣬ǿǵǿˡ
Ҷ˼ʼε˵ԺҪΪˡ
Ҷ˼ɫ˺죬һ۵˵ʲô˭һϵûС
˵Ҷ˼Ȼţ̫Сˣǻ᲻ƤĿӬһ
Ҷ˼ְ˼һѣЦЦҲ˵ʲô
һֱŽⳡҶ˼еҪɹ࣬иõĳŵҶ˼þҶ̻
Ҷ˼͵䣬Ҷ˼Žţʵ𣿡
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷһЩ¡Һÿβҵʱ򣬶ӦջشҪȻͶˡ
ҿҶ˼λϣ㲻Ҷ˼ķԣץҶ˼ĽţѵЬӣǰһ˫Ʒ㡣ֺӨ͸С磬һգŰ𪼡ϵĵ࣬ʩչ˼Ҷ˼ϣְҶ˼㡣
о仰˵ŮҪ㡣ΪȻҶ˼һ¡

Ҷ˼ϷҶ˼˵
̧ͷҶ˼һɫĽȹ欻𱬵İݵ쾡£񾱣ę͹һĻȣ次оЩܿˣ˳Ҷ˼ۻơ
ֲʵ쵽Ҷ˼ȹ¡ϸĴȣҶ˼ˣﲻ֪˼˵ţûء
ץҶ˼ȺֺݺݵһȻѿ
汩Ҷ˼Ųһ䣬ȴ
Ҷ˼ഺŮķ飬ϸ飬룬ĵҵС󽿡޵촽΢΢˵ӡԡͷǹȥ
ѹǰûһ˿ǰϷȻ쳣Ļ
̸˭ֻ֪žĿռ䣬ǲŵͳڷ°ĹŮ֮ļáҶ˼ϣЩ̰Ĳ֪㡣



283 
Ҷ˼һҹҹھžλĸϱһĪܵ飬۷׷סҪǵģŸϱ˺дǰʥʦʥʦۡϢǣʥʦ˱ŭİŸһ١ʥʦһţıʧ̬ǣΪôһȻѳ͢ĸϸһ٣˸ˡ
ҪǣΪ˻۹һȺˣҹʹֻʹϢȴûһܵõЩϢɢ·˼þǹˡҶ˼ĿеĵλˮǴߡ
ȻҶ˼֪ЩΪ㴩Ҷ˼ҹķоЩ̵
Ҷ˼޶˵ģ˲ɢķЩѳֲסһΡ뵽컹Ҫȥʿᣬǿ
Ҷ˼㣡֪ۼ𣿡ϵĻҶ˼
֪Ĵ𰸣Ҷ˼ʵô֪ۼĴڣ
ʼʦ˵Ϣ
Ҷ˼Щ죬ۼǴ½һЩؼ嶼֪ʦȻԼ΢Ϣ̽Ҷ˼Сʦ
Һ͵ۼЩԨԴʹ½ۼͳûйϵҶ˼ش
Ҷ˼Ļ㵹ЩɻˡȻܵۼԨԴôܺ͵ۼͳûϵ
ЩԺٸ㣡Ҷ˼˵йЩӡ
ţҲʣҶ˼ôվҶ˼
ʦ˼һûкúллҶ˼˵
ҡҡͷʦϲˡ
ǿϧˣҶ˼Щʧ䡣
Ҷ˼˵һҶ˼͸žӿŻ꣬Ժھ濴ԼĺãҪȻ̫ΣˣСľͻᰮԼ
뵽⣬ϽŤͷ
ôˣҶ˼ɻ㡣
°ԼԺͲҶ˼ˡƵ˵
Ҷ˼Ҳ̲סӰƳȥ̲ס࣬ԼΪо졣
Ҷ˼࣬áҶ˼Լϵôܶһ۾ģǱŮ˻ܵסԼűǣ˰ʲôĶǸƣЬ䡣
㴵Сǰʿᡣʿڵ۹ųȻĵλڵ۹Ͻľȴӭ۹Ҽ㣬ȡʿϿɣԺҲһЩ
ϾھΪݡǼҶǼھǺӵģ㽫ɱˣ˻⡣
ԣҼǰȥʿҪһϵʿı¡ʿ᲻ֻҪôܵõ¡ϵʿλȻܶ壬ҲҪϵʿıϢ
رʿÿһϵʿ¼ڰʿܵչˡ⵹ʿλӳߡҼֲͨҶݵȱݡ
ԼҶȻΪ⣬ȴòҼ˵еҶԼںǱȴ᲻ںӰ졣
ʿھǵ棬ռһ鼫ĵƤװ޽̻Ի͡ߵе˵⣬ЩϽȥֻȴЩɣСƨʿ
һǶڽǶŲٵСȻЩҲҪµġ
㿴⽫ϰٸˣ΢΢զ࣬벻Ǿǡʿһץһѡ
һɨһ㶵ǣһϤӰŸϵλࡣ
ȻҲ㣬һ⡣㻵µǼǵ˵ΪǸ˵ԵʣҲܶҶ˼ʲôǣⲢ˺Ե㡣
úúýѵ㡣һЦ֮ɫ
һ㲻ҲˡҪҵĻҿɲλϵүү
м˽վмĹ˵һٸˣҲһ˾ܽġҪǾ͵ýܿ顣һغܼ򵥣ˮÿһҪٸڰٸ̭ٸʿУȡǰʮμһ֡𣿡
ףЩʿôȻϤһӦ
Ȼ̫Ҳû⣬뵽ʱǡ
ٺ٣ааһЦ⵹˼־
ôͿʼɣ
һ仰µʱ򣬴ӽǶһУһſŵ˳ˡ
಻ˮһĵһȺ˸ϽʩչЩߡ
һЩվСˮȥʱ򣬳ĵǿƲס˾ȻƷ
һڵϵˣЩˮô˶Ʒ
뵽⣬ҲѧǵӣЩӴЩоһɳɳҪơ
һ㶣Ͻٴʹһ˹ȥסˮ򡣰ߵˮ򣬱еҪصĶࡣٴνһźһⲻǼ򵥵ˮ򣬾ȻƿӼ
ԭýһٿˮдʿ˵鷳ڿǺܶˡ
֮ɲϵˮˮͬʱҲϵһſˮԼߡ
УһͬģеҲʩչһſŵٲϽ¡Ȼǲ˼ֲסƷڵϡ
㿴һ࣬ĶҲʮֿ죬߾ۼʮŵŵ˵Ҫﵽ֮ڿֶΣѾﵽ֮ˡ
û鷳ȻҲȥɲΪԷ̵סҪľǵȴѡһȵˣôأ
ʱ˵ìܣҲԺԴǵվܺλãί˵ȶֵġֻǱ
뵽⣬ǰ˼ŵ˽ӿſˮϡʹ£ΧҲ˰ŵ١
ż۶һŵ˹ȥȴһҲͬʱȥһ㶣תͷŵķ򡣼һº͵ЦЦͬʱоԷϯɿ
ͬЦЦֻ֪һᡣͬɿŵ˵ϡ
һ߻۵ĵ򣬷ֲٶ١룬һǿļһ
ûϷ̫עˣٴϯ
ʱ̲סһŵ㡣״ϽǱıܿȴһаȵЦݡڶˣǾͿôɡ


284 ڶ
ٺ٣Сӣᣡһ䣬ϯɨŵ㹥ȥٶʮֿݡ
۶ĵǱ㡣һſŵܱߣѿһɷХ
һĻˣһû뵽Ĳ£Ȼ˶֡Ƿ֮Ͼ͸Ͼ˭ȥǾͶһҪܾ˾òˡ
¼˴򶷣ûֹ쳣ĸˡоǼ飡
һſŵ򲻶ϵ㣬̾һоԼίˣһʮͷ꣬۸һʮꡣ̫ϰˣãµˣӦúúýѵһ
ôһ룬;Լõ¾򼫸ߣ
ٴǱĶ㿪Ĺ㲽ġǴӣԭһвС򣬻Ϊмʵû뵽ˣһжҽӡ
ʱԭһֱǱֵ꣬ͻȻ¶һЦݡɫһȻŵ˹⣬۶ֱֱŵЩ
ģһ׾һ䣬Ͻʹǰȥֵ

ĵͶԷײһϾͱ׻飬ļŵȴΧĵȦСŵĵһʮűһĵϡ
֮ھ꣬ôӵкͬȼʵ
һֱԼһƭˣһǴһʼ͵Լ֡
ģһ䣬¹˭ֻ֪
ȻʵಢûɥʧġϾҲﵽ˾֮
뵽⣬Ҳûֲ֣ϯһſĵ˦˹ȥÿһŵ򶼴Ī
ЦһЦ͵ˡ
˵꣬ҲϯĵŶԷײ

ɵײһǿײЩĩɢռ䡣
ߡ
㵲£Ҳ֡ϾһоܶԸĻǾ̫֮ϲ̨ˡ
Цһɹ糱ˮһŵϯȥȫ¶ʵ£ʮŵȻƣ֮ķ˦˹
ĵЦһſŵ޻εŶԷĹƶһ
Ĺ£һɹ쫷ϯ쫷Ӱ£һЩʿԽпࡣԭЩЩˣ쫷Ű£ѶȾ͸ǿ˼֡
ãȴһ԰Խкãпͷ
Ц
㻹˵һӡһϯΧһУ£һſŵǣȥ
ܿ죬ΧĵЩΧת
һĻЦһֹƣ
ָ㶯һΧ۶ɣһſŵҲ룬ڵȥǰ۳һֱߡ
Уһֱ߾ࡣ
ɵɵֱ߾ֱֱģһҵıըЩ򶼱ѿĳ徢Уڼֲ㣬ѿԭǣĵҲȫڵϡ
ģԼôɾͱԷˡһ䣬ͬʱɫȴܻ۵ĵµȵһٿš
ڣ಻ʤ㣬ҪľǱ֤һٿŵסڱˢ
Ըһһɹϯȥ
쵰һ䣬ȴòӭȥ
ʱоʣµһſŵ򻮳һ켣ĪԷȥ䣬ʿԽп࣬Щŵĵϡ

һײһſŵѿ쫷粻ϵŰ
ߣһУҾߵĵأһӡһſŵ۶׼ֵʱ򣬹ʱȴʱ䵽
һ㶣ȴòͣʼ˵áϣȵ㻹
һģȵһһġ
ҵ㣡ЦŹλһˣɣʮ
˳ŹµĿ⿴ȥΪ׵Ǹ꣬㿴˵ͷЦЦ
ٶϲµӡڳɼ㲻⣬ֻҪܽһؾС࣬òĺһһЩڵʱôûһء
ֻʮһٸҲֻʮ뵽һ֡
°ûʸʿȥ֮˵һȡʮ͸ոһšһĵޣֻٿš٣ǰʮΧģ̭
һ仰۾ࣺȤȤҾϲıԡ
ӣո˵ĶսһҪԶһˣո˵ǿˡֵܵģǶͷɲܽȥǵڻҡ
Ҳһۣʮ͡ң˰űȽϿĵطȻҪ˵ìܡ
ոû湻ڿԺúõˡ۾࣬ģһһֵġ
ҲôģһǸˣһУʹʲôֶΣҲ˵ʹ÷Ҳû˵ʲôǡ
һ㶣޿ֵģüͷϵӣҪзĻ֡
뵽⣬㵹һأȻûмʶǴӱ˵ĿڴУеĿֲ
ҪǿͷĻҷŹ㡣Ц
ĵĿһ˵㵱һҵĵɣ
վߵǸüͷͻȻ˵̨ʮֲֿȵҪܿķâ
һ㶣û뵽ЦЦ˵ллˡ˹ᣬҲ
̾һ漴εҡҡͷҲû˵ʲôǿʶǾ֮׵סġ
۾࣬ϴһҪҳķöûҳֻܷ
ôʼɣ˵һ䣬ӽоһſŵ򡣵ոջҪǿ֡ߵһˣʵû˭ٱƷ


285 ƴ
ʿʼչŵٿŵ򣬺ܿͱһȺʿչεĸɾչθɾΪһЩʿͿʼȥ˵ġЩң
Ҳ˼ʮ򣬲֪˳Ҫ֣û˶˶֡
Χĵֱһӣ߶򣬻һԷȥ̺ſֲ֮ռ΢΢𵴣ƿ֮ڶС
ߣһӭ˶ȥŵһ𣬿ֲײõĩХС
˿һĻһоۡԭֻٿţ˾Ȼٵôࡣ
ƣ
ûй˵עӣŭһߵʮŵȫΧ߷תתһֱߵĵ͵һ䣬ȥ
ꡭ
ĵ򣬳ױ飬ߵĵ򳹵ױٵָ֮һ㣬Щȥ
䡭
һŵϣɫ͵Ĵ䣬屻ĵ
ڽںˣǴһݲм֮⣬ɨֱ࣬һٰ˵˼
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Ŀһעӵ಻֪ӳϣƹת汬һļµϢŷͼͼ֮Ÿת
ķ۾࣬˼ֹ˼ɡ
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ȻɫҪģ࿴ʱ˷ӦǾɫȻҪܡӣȻҪ֡
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㿪һУٶȵͬʱеҲϵ˦һʯϣһʿԶ˴򶷵ġ
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Ȼ֪ʲôһâпֲ׶Խӡֻǿһĸ֪ϱܿ
ٶȲν죬ʮâ㿪һʯʯʯŰܣ˴򶷵ģˡ
ǧٿ׵ĵ棬ĵֹһһһƻܱȵԼ¸УƷ㡣
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ܵϵĹ䵽֮УЩͼתһ⺷ϢͻУͻֲ֡
˿ͻ¶֮ɫʹǹ£ɫҲ˱䣬ͻѾ֮Ǵﵽˡ
࿴㣬дЦȻʹһ֮ͷϵˡʰ㣬˾ͷˡҿεסһС
զ࣬뻹ǮһΪֻһӡ֪ѷңҲμӽĹѡξǡ쵰Ҳ˯Լʡ˿ۡ

ŭһ֮еٴαӿͻٴα˼֣𺳣һһͬ飬£ֵܵס
ǸǷݣһżЦ浱Լһﲻɣз㵱û𣿡
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Ļ΢΢һ㶣漴һ۵˭
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㶵ĿԽԽֲľԲ̣һСʲôˣȻҲó˷Ÿϵз֣ˣʲôݣ
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ӡϵĴһԲ֮СĹ£Բתɢ絶ļϢ
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㶵ĿŲһͻһ㶵ע㡣ƨҲĳķҪǿ̫ˡ
಻ŵĿ㣬Ȼ˵ƷãҲڴﵽ˲һĵزձʰͻɫҰ˼֡
˿⣬Ȼֻһ̫ܲʰԷŷȻ⡣
Ŷ֪࣬ʿĹأԴ򶷿ԣȴɱˣҪһˣȴòԲ̵գ£һ죬̻һâ䡣
ʱ㣬ɵĵʿŸСڵʵŸҪɱֱ׾١Ȼƫƫڵʵͣɱ࣬ŸϿɲʲôϡ
⣬ȴӡӰһ͵ǰһźݺݵߵϡֵܵһֱߵؿڣһڵϡ
ûзŹ²ϲȥģͳ׷Ҷ˼㡣
仰ˣһһۣ㻹˧ôһģŰ꣬ɬĺܡҪǵòŮ˸Ըϲࡣ
ĽŲ༸ţûǸȷûŷŹ
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仰΢΢һ㶣ԼܿտҲҪᵯﵽǰʮ
㿴ܣһСһʮеĵռȡ֮ϡ˷һС֡
ӵһСֵˣĿ⿴ǣһͷ͵һոյҲˡҪҪǵģǻˡ
Щһ侯Ŀ㣬ȻʱǵΪɣϾǵʵһЩ
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˵仰ʮ˿ɫҲ˼֡ǼʶˣȻ֮Ǵ֮ϣҪǲСĵĻ˵淭
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㿴ЩˣͻȻ˦ŶԷ
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ұ֤ǵסҵģ۾ǡ
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ʧͬʱѾץסһʿϯѶԷĵ򳹵׵ϯߡֵ֮㣬ֻĿĵߡ
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ſտҲܣ΢΢һЦ˼
ʮҲĿ㣬Ҳļɵʿ߶ﵽ֮治ܵ¡
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ЦҲ
ڻµ˲䣬׵ֱˣͬʱһ֮ץ˹ȥ֪ߣЩȻȣȴûһֶΣһ
۵Ŀֲ㵲סҲ˺߸ʿ۵ҲС
һδҲû̫⣬ڵٴαӿ׵ֱߡ
ʿ˵׵ǵѹƸΪأοǾ֮׵磬ǸҵֵֻǱĶܡ
һܣǿ϶ͻ¶Ȼ֮Ϊǻݡ¶ȴץסϵ꣬ϯһʿĵȫϯԼߡڸоҪʱ㼸׵ͬʱȭͷ˳ȥǵĹס˱ĵǣȴȶˡ
۾ʮˣ΢΢Ц˵ǵסġ
һ仰ʮһۣЦǻġ
ҡҡͷʱ䲻ˣѾģġ
仰һ㶣漴ʵҪһֱܵĻԼЩĲڶʱκǡ뵽⣬εЦС̨ˣ
ҡҡͷҪʮ˺Ҵ򶷣ҲʤֻһЩĻȴҲסҡ
ûлشĻֳһĵոձ˵ˣ˵㹻ӵʸˡ
л٣˸˵Ķ˵
ؾٶҲΪ⣬ռȡ˴ĵ򣬳һϣҪȻʮôʸ
죡ҽܵ
㣡һ𣬶ѹ꣬ҲǺкøеġ



287 츳Ʒ
ºܿΧʮߣȻͻˡȻûʸŭĿ㣬ϻһһ飬ԵʮǱ
֣ŸϵӿɲһĽɫ㻹СΪǰѵ
Цҵļ磬һѻ˴ԣǰڼңһֻѻʹһֻ֮Ͷ徻ˡ
⻰ţһЩʿϽԶ㣬±ϡĻԣһֻѻҪǸȥĻֻѻ
ô˵ݵҲû˵ʲôΪзһ˵ŵĻݾԲ򵥡οʿΪʿ
ȻıףǶȴܼ⣬仰һ䲻˽ȥ仰ЩŤȭͷţȴ򲻹ھֻˡ
뵽쾭һУͺܲ˺㡣Сϵݣ˭㾩ܵĴϹӣӵˣҲ˶ǣȴһˡ
⹫ᱴûзϣûõǻһǡʲµر˵һ仰Ǻǡ
ţһݻȻһȳһŹȥǰȥҲһ˦
ԷҲûзϣתͷ򹫻¡
û뵽һӵв˵һۺż˵ͨ˵ڶֲԣôμӵְɡ
˵꣬¾ʹߵһһ޴ʯڣʯ֮йתŵĹâ
ʯڣͣĶ˵ֺܼ򵥡ǲǵ츳츳ǵģô̭ﵽϵĲʸȡᱴ¡Ϊϵʿ
ôԣʵ
ܼ򵥣ֻҪ䵽ʯ֮УʯȻŵ츳ЦȻǰٷ֮ȷǴǲġ
УܹŹֵĿŹ£ǲ˵Խǿô츳ƷԽߣ
ҡҡͷȻǿЩϵǸҪƷʡƷԽߣô츳ƷԽߡ
⣬˲һҪǰʵ츳ƷĻǾ̫ƽˡϾдС
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ӵļ£Ǹһֻıã⽥漴ʯϻûһ֡
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¼״˵ͷƷͨһ
ŵһʾڶܿǰȥַʯϣһС
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һ仰ʯҶһֱãһ߳ȥʿͻһۣеľȡЩܴﵽ֮츳Ӧò̫츳ҲǶѡ⹫ỹǹϸѹڵ۹ųȻĵλ
ƺ֪ʲô˵Щ˻һЩСһĴڡСǱ˳ƺΪţڹᣬ̫ˡҲʲô̭Ҫܴˣһɡϣܴﵽ֮ϵģ츳ڹҲϡٵģÿһ֮ҲֻѡҪܴﵽǣǾţʮǾܳƺΪᣬܴﵽʮǵʮϡ١ȻҪʮһǣǡǺǣҾͲ˵ˣƷҲͳֲһεĻ᳤ҲžǶѡ
ڹ¿̸ʱھʯڲԶһϣһ͹¡ˮ͸ŷϵʵŮվŮ˾ĻȫɢĵԸУעһۣöĻ
Ůӵߣվһͷͷʮֲͷһֹͯһڲ֪ܷѡ𣿡
ʦɲţҪϡ̶ʦΣ޷׾һԸôܳΪĻ᳤
úãͽܣͷЦʮˬҲ˸ոԼˣԼȥŤͷҲͷ
룬Ҫͷȷʵã治Ҫʦ̫ˡ
Ŀ⿴̨µһ꣬꣬ɫ̲ס˺죬û뵽𵱳һռ忴⣬ɬͬʱֶһŭܵܵĶݣ̶˵
̿һͷ˭뵽ΪʿѾ˼˿ܳΪʿ᳤ͽܡǱĪ⣬һλصչ˱κõĵܵܣżȻȥһΣһͷȻҪͽܡ
ҺõʶͷҪȻʹ
µĲڽУ֮֮ƷﵽǣһʿΪ֮ڹѾϼˣᲢûж츳Ĵڣ᳤Ҳһ֮ѡ
Ҳ˷ܣû뵽һܳǣǴͰƽϢһ飬Ż˵ȥԣ
˵ͷַʯϣһӿʯ֮Сʯڿʼһ⣬âԽԽʢʯϵҲٵܿ͵ϡ
˼âڲϱǽŨһһסĿ֡
ˣˣ
һЩʿ˷ܵĺҲо˷ܲѣһǣһӿ룬Ǹɷİֻڻ
ҲЩ٣ֱֱĶʯڣܿʯϳͬˮһɫʯϣһֳ档ֳһһֱֱĶŻ졣
ʱûʣâ˸һӿʯڣֿʼá
ʮʮ½ȭͷвϺţڲϵıá
һŤĸʮֵʱ򣬻ͷǺˮӿʯ֮УȴôҲʮڼֲס̱
Ϳʮˡ̾һָǶӽʮǵƷһĹ͡
Żˣ쳣ĿģĿתƵϡҲһ˿ڴıӦòǵòΡһ㹻ˣҲֻϣܴﵽǾͺˡ
Ҳȥ԰ɣ¶˵
˵ͷߵʯǰַȥĸо
ڸ̨֮ϣ欵Ů˼ٶҲ˾Ŀ⿴㣺ʦ˵ܴﵽǣ
ͽСƷô϶ﲻǡȻͷо̫á
ͷĻŤͷͷͷϾٺЦͽʲôܳǴﵽʮһǣҪӽʮǵƷҪ׷㻹Զ
ͷЩմմϲ벻ȥһ˾һеʱ̵ʱ޵ֱҧ֪Ǹ쵰Ȼ꣬ʿʺϵġ
ͷҲףһ˸ֲˡΪǴ˵еꡣ˼Ǳȱ˶һ꣬һƽ˸ֲˡҲѹˡ
Һõǣˣ
츳ϹһʣǰҲֻڴ˵û뵽ҲܺõĽ̶ʱ䣬ʹﵽľ硣Ȼԭ򣬿̵츳Ҳռ˲ء
ͷãʿҪзˡֻҪ̳ɳﵽ˵е̶ȡٺ١
һ뵽⣬ͷ̲סɵЦǻˮ
̿һĻĵ֪ͯʦʲô顣
ĿֱֱĿ㣬ȴſƷ̲ϣ̫ֲϣ̫á̫ҪǳĻԼǰûˡǣֲԸ㱻Щ˱ȥ
ָӵ˼ֱӱ̵ϣע⵽̵ͷ̲ס˵ͽܣ㲻˼˰ɡСӣһСƨ
̲ûˤڵϣݺݵĵһͷ˺ʦ˵Լͽܵ
Ťͷͷ


288 µ
ַʯϣСеһ̣ʯڹâǣ⼤ʯڵ룬ʯпʼٵıáһ塭
˲ʱ䣬ʯڵϵ־ͣߡ˿ʯϵ΢΢㶣ǻû˿ݵֱãЩֻԾԵĴﵽߡ̫Ŀɿڴˣ˵ֱãĸһһıöÿһαãҪϹȥ
ͬһ㶣û뵽ֻǲһЩʯھߵĲΡһٴУʯϵһ˰ˡ
ǹ»㣬ʱж㶵Ŀ㣬ʵʯϵôܱõô졣
㿴ʯϵ֣΢΢׹ԭǻĵģԼǻ꣬ıӡУϻ˭ԼƷߣ
뵽ţһ˿˿Ľʯ֮Уܿ˾ǵĲΡ
㶵Ŀ㣬˷֮ɫǣǾˣҿӣɵӣѵܴﵽʮǲɣʮһǣ
¸оҸ̫ˣЩѣˡҪ˵ĻԼĹ;ʹˣ˵᳤ֵܱ浱һ᳤ֻ뵽⣬͸˷
Ҳ㶵Ŀ㣬û뵽Ʒôߡ
㿴֣һȥһ󣬾ٴαãʮͻոһģһ
ͼЦЦɿֱۣʯ˵ԺôԼǻ꣬״꣬㲻˭ƷǿԼȻõŲ
ﵽǣ㻹ûüҪȫĻʮһǣʮҲ״ﵽ
ôˣ¼ͻȻɿ֣΢΢һ㶶˵
ҡҡͷ˵Ѿҵļˣ
ޣ̲סһûмﵽ޻ɵģ̲סջƷöкô˵᳤ָ㡣
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ɲϡɶ᳤̵źߣ㻹õ
ģȻ޵ֱҧȴûа취ֻܿʯǸͻһƷЦǵһμԸӵиƷꡣ
Ȼ²֪㲢Ըߵ̫˵УƷԽ߶û̫ôȴܹڹ䶯ҪŪʮһʮǵģʿ𶯡
Լô˧ӲҪԼͽô죿ҪŮҲˣʿȴûжŮĶˡ
¾ܼܴﵽʮǣȴòΪͻͬȼϡ
̿һĻ̾һĵͻȻЩʧ䣬֪ʵƷ֪ԼŶơ
СӲͷͻȻһ䡣
ţɻĿͷ
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һҪǿ΢΢һ㶡
ͷҡҡͷǵδءԾ죬Ļ꣬ĻȻȻҪƷߡȴֻ꣬ƾƷһۼţֻдﵽּ߲βŻˡ
Ŷ̵ͷǸˣҵܵܵʱ򣬸˵ʩչĴĵ
ͷһ㶣漴˵ͷСҲ֪ġǺǣͽܣﵽ֮Ҳѧϰ
̲ͷĿ⿴̨£ΪʿԷࡣҲһ׵磬׵һӡ
̵ûоʲôͷΪ֮һ㶣ۿ˵㲻˵ҽʿôʿ
̷˷˰˵ֻ˵κҵܵܵû˵ֻҽʿһֱʿһ׵Ǵ
ϵܲ𣿡ͷ۹ⶾĶ࣬˵
ǵ㲻˵ΪǸңΪؼΪʲôóһǵͻȻãҲôֵǮ
ͷһ죬Ҳòý͡Ͼͬײһʩչ˾õֵǮ
ˣ㲻ܰͱ˶Աȡͷ룬һ䣬Ǹ̽͡
̲ˣɿ㡣
ͷͬ㣬˫תͣϵʿڴ½ɲࡣ츳ƷԺɾͱض͡˵һ˵ĳɾͣ츳Ʒֻһ֣ЩҲܳΪǿߡǣҪһ츳ƷΪһǵˣôɲǿߡ
츳ƷΨһȷǵһȻҲҪԺĻԼŬȵء
ʹﵽ֮ȻǺǱļһҪܰҲɵһ̺ỹ²ǿ
뵽⣬ͷͻȻ̣ͽСϤ𣿡
ҡҡͷ̫ϤЩѺõĽӴ
ûϵҹͽôƯѺҲġͷ۾ͬһ˵ͽһô
ţɻʵ
ǹǹᡣͷ˵ֻǹҸĳΪǹһԱ
üͷողȫӾǲǹᡣ
֪ҪȻҲͲæˡͷ۾ҲŽæ
üȥԣ𲻴ӦҾͲ֪ˡ
ͷϾЦİɡͽһӦġҪǲӦͽɫһСƨѵסҹͽܵɣ
ʦ𣡡ҧгݵıų֣ʵܲҪƤʦָʾԼͽܵģ
ɫûϵģųԲžǡ˾ϲϷͷ˿ûע⵽̵ŭɲ˵һҺ˽ģ
̺һŤͷȥȻˡ
ѽͽ߸һûôɫأȵҰͷ

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˵ͷ⵹ûоܾʿĵλ󣬾Ϊܰ˴˵ĵȼ㵹飬ϾǸ˶ݣǷ顣Ƿ飬Ժ鷳Щܲæô


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㰡ŵżȸԾĿģһ̵һŮഺ
ңָָӣŵô֮䲢û̫Ľ
ŵģЦ˵԰㣡
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Ҷ˼㣬ҵģβŵЦŽͣЦݽޣּģ̲סʧЩûע⿴·ײǽϡ
вʵ
ŵɫЩˣСƺô˵ţ
вأŵİһۣҼвҲ㣬ȥˡ
𵱳ǸཱུСŮͷǾȥɡ
ŵƺ֪ӦЦݣ˵߰ɣһؼң
仰ͷһȡôǰԼɫȮھưɵʱһЩŮ˶˵ĻתŵƽϢһͷŸŵһߡ
ŵȫɢϵŮˣǰ͹̣ǰ̵ͦęһŤһŤʮԸˣϷߣһЩ˺ص
ܿ죬͵һΪĸۡǰۡǰֻ׸ߴľʨ񣬼Ϊ˵ϵҲȫǻƽ죬ۡһִȵĸо
ŵ㿴Ÿۡ㶣ЦŽ͵Ҹϣ
һ仰ȻԭǸϵĸۡѹȴˡҲѹֵŵˡ
ͻȻһʲôŵ˵ϴ˵ҪҺԴվһߣҾ㻰ˡʱ鷳Ҫš
ŵĹϵðײã֪ǸϵŮҲû˿ѹ
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ŵȻĹ֮ǰһﻹ֪ԼǸϵŮľ㵨ͬʱЦ˾ˣһϵӻʲôˡҿ˵Ϲ׷Ҷ˼㡣ɲҪľҷҲǾһУ˲ȥǣϹӾһһＫûӹġ㳯дҲмƵķġ
ŵô˵ɻʵô
ŵЦ㵱ǳصİһֶβ˻ûԩġ˸˵Ǿδʥʦ
仰㵹һû뵽˵ôߡδʥʦۻǶڵ۹ߵ۰ɡ
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Ŀⲻۼŵ̵ͦƨɨ漴ŵ˵ҿɲŵǰ
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Ҳûסòżϡ͵ˤڵأˣԭŮ֪Լʲô⡣
˵ʲôôҧݣܳϡ
ŵ۾㣬ЦŵĽ޻䣺СƨͦɫôС֪ŮƨˣͣǸϲ𣿡
ŵĵЦ΢΢һ㶣һ仰ɬ˿Ů˵ƯƯһ˾Ϳͦͦٳ˾ǿęȺòÿˡ
˵ͺϲŮλóɷȹϵġ㲻֪ûиݣȴмֿŵġ磬һСϲСŮƯƯ֪ô¡
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ŵЦ˾Ϳˡֲ˵Сƨʲô
ĬشŵĻĿȴ̲סɨһŵ̵ͦęŵЦĸˡ
˼ŵʮȤСƺŵ㵱һ˿һոճӣŮ˺ʱڵĺӡ
ŵһ·Ц㲻Բͷ·Сƨģ֪ŵںΪԼ͡ҪǸ˸һ˹ȥ
ŵԽϷԽȤرǿʱʱģЦǰ̣㵣ǰ·᲻ᱬѿ
ȻãҲͦкôġ˵ķĴ½ռռҲ̡
ڵһ󸾣Ӻݺƣɫ飬ŵһĿ⿴ŵ
ŵϽ͵ĸףΪβʿ㣡
󸾵ݣ֮ޣһƷھˡ
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ŵʱԱ߿˵ĸײ֪ҽɲͣ˵һڱҽϣһ˸ԣҲûȥˡˡ
Ҳһ־񣬿ż־ȣЩҲʶҽЩǲġȻȲҽҲĶʤǣ
㵹ǾŵЩ˽⣬˵ͷң
Ǻǣʤ˾ʤˣʲôңŵȥŵ˵ͷ
ŵߵһС䣬СһСŮСŮƤӨཱུʮֿɰڴϼ㵽Ҳǣ磡硭
һ㶣û뵽ֻǼһ棬СŮԼô
ŵЦЦϲˣҪҪʮ꣬ʱ޸㡣
仰ͷֱðŮаͷôûյĶؿζȻջ󣬿ѶȺܴ󰡡ֲܵʮꡣ㣬˼ʮ¶Ȳˡ


290 
ĲǴ£ֻ纮ѻڶѡ˵ʲô£ʩչ纮ˡ
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ŵЦǺ˭棿ҵͯǵǣͯƨɺ档˵Ҫȡ㡣
仰һգͯҲ̫˰ɡ֪Ԥˣһ仰ںȿˮû
ߣҲŲǸСƨ棡֪ң֪ġ
ŵ໥һۣ漴ͬʱЦһС㣬˼˼Сƨ
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ҪǸľèҲС˵ֻͯǺǲм
˵ͷȻ׷ˡŵĴָʾ̵з
ŵ޺޵ĵһۣɫЩ̡ȻһСë˵ĻҲоԴЩѣ
Ȼϲ㣬ߡཱུСŮҲϲûźĵϷ
ŵڻȦȦеЩȣ͵꣬ܶ඼ĸģһСŮǣȴꡣŵǸ߿һ֡
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һ仰һ㶣ȻҲǸϵĶӡȻǸϵĶӣҲ˸Ҵ
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ŵЩΣԼܵΪ֮ӣȴʱ۸ֱǶȴ˿ûа취˭˴ҲҷйֻһԸ񣬾Ǹ֮ӣҲϡ
ĸҫԼܵȴʱıףŵоͬʱ޿κΣܰһλܰڶβɣԸ񲻸ģǱ۸Ķ
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˵׵Ϣһ㶣˵ûʲô׸оջˡÿһףʵҪǣҲ׳
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ҲȥҪǸȥĻҾͰ㡣Ҫ㲻ȥĻǾˡЦЦ
ˣ굹ǷһЩ˼㶷Ĺߴϻۣ
ʼ֪
֪㻹˵Ϊҳͷû
˵пΪͷҪǳɹˣʤ˸ߴϻۣԺǲǿԺˡҪǰˣٰһ١֮ӵݣѵ˸ɱ㲻ɣ
Ȼǲ֪Щ˴ǸңҪ˵ɱȴ򲻸ҵģϾǸ֮ӡ׻ᣬҪ˭ɱѪ̵סŭ
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˭ࡣŭ㣬ȥȥ
ŵԼܱܵԷһ伤ͼε̾һ˵㻹ҪԴװߴϻ۲ǵġȥҲڡ
ʼ磺ֻȥ
룬ΪҶ˼ףҪ͸ߴϻ۶ϡȻˣǺβѸ֮ˮǵѹҲҪЦһЩǸᣬýȥᾩ֮һĴϹӡ
㡭ŵ׼˵ʲôȴŵҪǵܵܣһȥˡ
ŵˣҡҡͷ̾һȥɡҿŵΣ
ͷӦ


291 
εĴ·£ܿ쵽һߡ沨ԣӨͬ档Žɫߣʮͣں룬һ棬ӳˮ棬ۼ
㣡ˣָźĵĹͻȻͣǰȥ
㿴εﻹˣжεĵСʶѹΪ֮ӻ˴ıˡ룬ҪǸ֮ӣǾһˡ
߰ɣ˵㰴˵ұ֤£ѵԸһֱųȥ
ҡһҧһǰĹ̤ϡ
ˣ뵹޿ɾҩ
θս뾵һ̶𣺡Ӵⲻ빫ôոˣ
ŵĴЦ΢΢ӣȻվվ࣬Ȼҷ
ˣ˺ٴγ˵СμûΪס˵ĳЦ˵ĻӲҧǰһ
εǿӲһڼЦΪ֮һϸЦװۼĶĳ
ôǵ빫ѵȥ׳ҩɣȻӲˡ
ҿǻȥ˱ӵŶԣ
ҪֶˣҪȻô
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ʱεļ򣬵˵Ҫǲٱ˳ЦôǼһĲͬ
Ļҧ̤ߵһץһׯͨϺҪģ
˿һɫŹֵĶһۣǵһμһ档ȻڶĳܶϻǵһμС
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˾ȹϾͰĿǰһͨϡһͷȣεǮ׬лᣬ˭ȥӮһѹ
Щ׼ȥʱȴָһӣոӮеǮһҪġ
仰һ¶ʧɫ־һﲻ֪Ƕĳĸֱ֣ѡһǮˡ
ǸָҲһ㶣漴ϲ¶˼˷ܣԼֿŰһˡԼ֮ǰ˸֮ӣ̲סһ˷ܡϰǶô߲ʵ֮󣬾Ȼһ鶼ûСһڱ̬ĿС
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仰еŭӿͷ䣬ȴ
ǱӴСǿ˼֣ŶԷ˵
ǾͱӴСɣԷ˿Ϊ⡣
οһۣͷŷһ˼
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ӿһַҲò̾һȻĺܡǲòڶϺ츳ոԼǳǧʤ˶ԷӶԱ˵治ҳǧļһвҲΪʲôôߣȴÿζǮԵʡΪ֪һҧûǧҲֻˣҪǲ̣ٴһ٣ʵˡΣĵز
ʮ㣡οӣĵ״żָˣѾܴˡ
ЦЦ˿Ϊ⣬ǰӣʮ˵㣡Ǯɣ
ɫϱǺ죬һ㣬ȴ˵ͷֻܰǮӡ

˵꣬ٴҡӡ
壡ʮߵ㣡
ӹЦ˵ʮ˵㣡
ĶӣȻһҧͨ˼Źȥ˦
ģʮ㣡οӡ
Ӻεʼ磬򿪺
γʲôӣӶʹΪУ֪Էǧˡ㿴Σ⺢ųǧȴûһ˰
ǰûһͨʱοһ㣬ͷվŭ˵ǧ
ӹЦ빫ӣ㼼ˣôܹҳǧأȰ빫ӻǿ»µĺãҪȻҪȥˡɲ˭µĵط
ңŭӡ
νʼ磬ĵûвҡųˣҲûʲôĵġУβÿζ֮Ҫ˵ԼǧȻһξʵˡ
Ǿӵȴμ˵ǧȻлϳεʱȴһ͵ץǰӣȻ͵飬ˮγ
ʲôŭӡ
΢΢һ㶣ûһųθͻȻ顣һֱηϣԳǧҲøǧ뵽һξȻ´
ڴ֮Ц´Σѵһ˲ɣ
Ǻǣ빫̫ЦԼ֪ȡļ飬ѵҵĲɣЦǲм֮⡣
㡭û뵽ԷƺţɫǺ졣
ߣ빫ӾȻﾵǾͲ˼ˡˣҰ빫ӶȥӴ󺰵
ʱЩжô۸һ֮ӻֵزǼƷѹŵΪͷˣһˣΪͷʲôãЩˣǵ۸
һ˺ܿͰΰΧε˫Ųס¡ҺõǣûķԸӻȡһذס
ذףӹЦӴǵ빫ӻˡȻҵֵˣ
ǣһĻȴԭءֻذ״һŭ˭ҹ˭ҹҾʹȥǸ֮ӣ˭Ҵң
һ仰һû˸ȥ
ӿѹεĺذףͬ΢΢üͷ֮⼸ҴΣΪϲһСƽϣųĲҺƽϡǣҪгʲô⣬ľ֮֡
ģһȻųֵز䲻ȻҪɱˡʱҲذѾ̳һѪۣоͷ֡
Ǻǣ빫ӣлú˵ɫ
ûгǧνذףԭĵģǼЩĲǰʱҲǾ̵İ취á


292 Ҹ
˳ˣͰͨ㡣ҲǺ㿪ЦѣǺǣ빫ӲҪϡЦװŲͨƵεǰ
οһЩͨеĸ뵽ķԸһһĳһǧǳǧӮģ³
ŭˣȷʵĳ˲١Ҫ˵һǧȴ̫ȻˣһǿࡣҪóһǧǲܵģҲֵǧѡѵ֮ܰһ
˵һǧóһҲûȨ
빫ӲҪʨӴ󿪿ڣҪ빫ȱǮã˽¸һЩǡһû˸ոյĺƣǴżŭ⣬ɫࡣ
ӵĻΪ֮ȵǡξȻذףԼ˹ȥѪҺεӿȾ͵档δż˵Щ챻۸Ҳˣǲһҽ
һĻֻԭأҲŹֵĿΡ㵹ǹĨǵĽ̹ΣεСҴӦֻܷû뵽ԭϣһĻȴˡ
ɣѪҺĴ̼ʵԡСӣô뿪أ
뿪ˣذָԼӣ̬ȵı任֪һȷʵãβɵӣʮִҪȻҲܰѶѧôߡųѣ
Ӷ̬ȱ任ܵȤԭԲеĿ־ҲࡣĻҪԺ󲻱۸һҧľ
εѪҺӾСӾȻԼôݡֻһСܳĺ
ƽȻҴΣܵƤ˶ѡǣһϾȻһˣӼΪ֡
ڲԾһͬŻ˵Ǽ䣬뿪뿪ãһӢ߳
ĳ˿̲꣬סϹӣ
û뵽ϹҲˡǵ۹Ĵ֮һ֣԰ǿ¹֮ͣүȴ֮
Ȼ¼ҲЩвľֲ֪١ÿһβľֶȥһ⡣ûаܹ
һУһսʤ
ȥλӣκһ˼ǣҪܿķâû뵽ξȻһˡ
ߵУѪֹΣҲһ־ȡϾȥ
빫ӣлú˵ߴϻŵ˵ʾηذס
ߴϻ۳֣ҲоĪѹ̫ˣųˣױȵ
һԺЦʱȻȫǻǿӲվǣۿŸߴϻ˵㲻һҽ
һ仰һƬȻһۿΡȻҪԼڸߴϻǰҲԲǿơǣǰǿȴˡһ˶Ŀ⼯еߴϻϡ
ߴϻҲΪ֮һ㶣û뵽θ˵ǣһУ˶˵ж٣㣬ҲҰɡ
뵽⣬ߴϻۿһŵذסţѰģŸ˶Լ뵽⣬ߴϻ۲ɵһۡЩǰѶԷƼˣҪȻεԸô顣
ߴϻȻ԰Ҳ׳һϵŭ뵽⣬ӵ˵ԼԼһٸ⡣빫Ҳܳǧģ
ߴϻ۵Ļ˿ұ¶žžľͳϾͺ
ߴϻûпԷһۣתЦ빫ӱ⣬һúʰģĽѪһ°ɡҪ飬ɲŹҡ
βûͬߴϻذףǶŸߴϻ˵öĳǳǧӮҵһǧң
һ仰ɫŹһΣλǴ󵨣ߴϻҲҴˣ
ߴϻԭһֱЦʱڱ˱䣬ЦŶ˵Ҹ빫һɡ
ߴϻ۵ĻжϹӸ߿˼֡ɣһ¹ϡһüͷͶɲһСĿ
Ǵĳǧǰǰһǧ⻹ŲҵģҪһȥǾ͵ñŭ
ߴϻüͷԼӡемεĻҪˣôųθ˾
ӼߴϻۿϽҡҡͷӣǧӮ߰ʮʱǰĳģҲʱǧӮҾͲ֪ˡ
ô˵ߴϻۿ˵ĳûӮ빫Ӷ٣ӶǱӮȥˡ빫ӲҪΪѣɣҸ빫
ߴϻ۵˵ܻ׵˶֪Ǹߴϻĵˣ
ҲЩڶĳҲһңȴܵõһ׬ˡǣ뵽ĻȻĵ׺¸ߴϻۣҧ˵ҪǲңҾҸ׷֣ҲҴ
˵꣬Լٴһ¡
εⷬģøߴϻüͷȻαԼĳ
ɣȻ빫ִҪǾͶһѡҪӮˣҾ͸һǧҪˣǾ뿪Σߴϻ˵
ðʲôҪ˵ΪǰǧŭŸߴϻۡ
ߴϻЦЦ˵ԣ
仰һξͬѵ㲻֪ߴϻʲô𣿺棿һҲ治
Ҫʲôӣֽƣת֣ߴϻۿΣ֪ζܲǣߴϻ۲£ȻǿǻۣѵĹԼɣΣûսԡǣҲֻǼλĶ֣
ģ˵һ仰øߴϻۺΪ֮һ㶣˭֪СӶԼĶʮţҲһȶˡһˣЩ̫ǵԤˡ
㿴ŸߴϻЦһѾʤˡεԸ񣬿϶ǶЩֻǸߴϻ۵Ϊ㵱ʱʱҲġ
ǣһھˣЩмӮ
һβ֣Ͳڸߴϻ۶ε˽ϡεϣҪǻһߴϻ۶׵ĳŵǣǲΡ
ߴϻһֱĸ߸ϣǲԸ˶ġ࣬ô涼ǣû뵽һԼں沼֡ľǸߴϻ۶εĲм
ԽˣԽУ˭϶ˡ
ԣһθߴϻ۰ˡ
Ҫζĵǡ
Ͷ㲻Ҹ룡
εһ仰ЩûѪһŸߴϻۣʲôģ


293 ʤ
㲻Һ룡
ߴϻҲԭأڳĬ֮ޱߵŭð裬㲻Һ롣ʲôģȫˣߴϻ۶ΣĻǰǴҲ˵
αߴϻ۶ҲЩ£ߴϻлáһδ͸ߴϻ۶Ҫ㷴ı֤£Ĳҡ
ߴϻۼĿⶼһΣ빫ӵǺֶˡ
ߴϻָֻǸŵı飬ǴһЦݣҪ
ǴϹӣԶǸƵݣһģ
ҲҺҶ룿ٴκһҪѹסĵ׵Ŀ־塣
⻹ôģĶķĶķҪǸգⲻ
ߴϻΣеذףþò
ôϹҲ˵𣿸ҾǸңҾǲңѵҪܾ𣿡һȫǻȥˣŸߴϻۺȵ
仰ߴϻͻȻһЦǰС빫ӣҲգһεˣ䡣
һ仰õһƬȻһɴ۾ĿŸߴϻۣǲ֮ɫǴϹӰһδһܵĸߴϻۣȻˡй궼ģųµϡ
һδܹߣȻ˾ǹϵϣǲǷ̣
һоЩѣ޷ʵ
ҲҸ޷ֵʤ˴Ϲӣʤ˾һ֮һôʤģʤˡţֽһд顣
뵽⣬θоһǰδеҸξãһжֵˡ
ߴϻƺʧܲΪ⣬ǸƵЦݣ겻䣬ſʵ뷨
һǧҰɡΪ˶ѣʱѾеʸߴϻҪעˡ
仰ߴϻ۵Ƥһۣһӻȡһͨߵϣȸ빫ΣԺٸ빫ӣûдô
ߴϻûĻҡҡͷ˵ھģҴû˹ǴϹµĹأȻǹأǻǲƻĺá
仰Ϲ۾漴Σƽ빫ӵ˼ǣ
Ϲϲһ׵ĲͼȻֵҪòǾͰѲͼøҵѺɡ˵
Ǻǣ빫ԭҪͼҲգǾ͸ɡߴϻҲϻʮֹϵóͼͨһ𣬶˵ô빫˰ɣ
û˵һѰЩջػС
빫ӿҪСˣⶫҪһЩҪȻҪߡ
һ仰ĵﲻ֪ߴϻ۵˼˼˵ġβСߴϻۣһȻʤ˸ߴϻۣΪĶĹȫΪԵʣҪΪԼ̫ˣ˵
ԺҪֵĻԼƲˣ뵽⣬뵽Ľ㡣
ˣӵҲŲͼȤ빫һΡߴϻЦſΣûһ١ݺƣ·Ƶġòϣһôһ꣬ʮƣԸ׽
㿴ŸߴϻˣȻĵױαǲòϣźƭˡѹ˵иߴϻߵĺࡣ
ߴϻ۵Ļĵ׸һΪͼ飬ͰԶҪ֪ͼУǵߡ
뵽㵱˵ĻϲʲôˡⶫҪģҪ㶷ɡ
μõԼҪĶջذףȳһһյ뿪㵹ûΣȺʩչ˼뿪
ߴϻۼͻȻ֣΢΢һ㶡Ҷ˼ߵӡģȴû뵽һ
ӣߴϻ۶ЦЦ
Цԭһѵģȴ뵽ĳȻǧ˶İȣȥ֮һҪ˵˵
ߴϻĿһͣĳǧ١ǳǧĶҲˣʱ򶼲Ūǧġǣ̫ˣöĳ޼ɵ뵽λһһ
˵ЦˣǶĳ˲ֶѡһѵǵġߴϻ۰Ƶϡ
ʼҾͲ֪ˣҲ֪ǲҶˡ׬Ǯװ漸ѻ÷˳ǧѪǮΪһ¸еˣҾбҪô֪Ļ˵ǲǣϹӣ
ߴϻЦЦ˵ǵģĲһ飬ܲò
ߴϻ۵һ仰˶ԸߴϻۺøдΪңֱ˵ĲǺöǻԼ⡣˵ˡ
㿴ŸߴϻۣͻȻЦһȷʵֶΡ
ţϹΪͺˡһǵð仰ȥġĵЦţԼ˵ǺöҪһѾ̫ˡ
ĲǺöǲǿ㣬Ǻö˭ģϹӵİǲǿ˵ϹӲǺöٺ٣Լ˵ġ
뵽⣬ãǣ
㹰֣Ÿߴϻ˵
ߴϻۺܺƵĵͷһЦݣҶ˼ʺá
ģЦݸˡ
뿪ߴϻֱֱĶ㣬ĵڸոһаʲôɫңϵܵҶ˼ʲô
˼ߴϻЦû뵽һҲ֪˭εģҪϵĻǾͲˡҪλӵĻǾ˼ˣ
ߴϻȻʧһŲͼȴ⡣˵ⲢʲôڲͼֶǡǲͼԼҲûʲôãλһһţǸ롣
УλҲɡ㿴ռ˱ˣȴ֪һ֡ܶԸλ
ҵı˿ɲôռġߴϻ۵˵
γ˾ʩչĵδ˿ڣСӻذ״̵ĲҲ򵥣ڵ£ܿ͵õƣЩʱǾָܻ
ȡͼ˵磬ҪĲͼ
൱ԭһֱġȴ磬ѾʮϿˡ
ЦЦнӹû뵽ıŪˡ
ȡһЩͨ˵磬Ƿ߰ɣһһô
ЦЦҡҡͷˣŰɡ
룬θ֮ӵݻǺõģûҪΪһ˹ϵ˶ɢҪ׬ǮеֶΡ


294 
ߴϻ۰еϢܿͬХһϯȦ档ʱʱ̲סЦ˭ɢҥԣûһʵԡδһܵĴϹӻǸϣбЦЦϢʱһ֮ԱǣЦŲ֮
ǣҥԡԽԽԽԽʵΪ֮Ŀһ˽֮һо˼飬ÿȦӶˡ֮һĸߴϻۣȻİСײͼ
ô˲˼飬ƫƫˡ۵˶üˣ鶼ܷһʱ֮䣬γΪ۵Ľ㡣
رǾ˵ġҶ㲻Ҹ롯仰Ϊ˾ǵܶʱʱðһ仰һĻȻΪ
ȻЩϢ¡һϢʩչǧϹ˵ĲǺöȻݱɣϹ׿˵ԼǺö
ΪЩԭԭٵľͻȻǰ˴롣
ڲͣĴϹӵĲ񻰱ǵˣ˾ÿϧͬʱֵȴźķչ

Ҷ˼˵㰡ոյǾͲ֣ѵ㲻֪Ϲʲôʮ鷳
û㣬ЩֵĿ˵
ЦЦҶ˼˵ûеײͼãҹӴǰ棬ˮ
Ҷ˼˵ĴȻﲻ֪ıʲôǿߴϹӶ뷨ѡСۣ֪ġ
ˣߴϻۻʺáԴûͻȻҶ˼˵ںһ䣬⻰ͳױ˵ġ
Ҷ˼һۣϤﲻ֪ǵС˼һӵİɣ
ٺ٣ҲܾҶ˼Ҷ˼磬·׵ļ۾ţܸоеľ˵ԣ˲浾ֵţ̲ס͸ӣܿ͹γɵĹ쳣סԸкľһԵߵࡣ
Ҷ˼Ѿϰż٬Ҳ˵СһǣǸߴϻһС֣ͼˣӵλǡ
ͷɷִ硣
Ҷ˼ô˵˵ͷҲ˵ʲôҶ˼㣬ô࣬Ͳ㵱һ꿴ˣҪҶ˼ǲ١Ҷ˼ֻϾھǣ˲죬û̡ơ
ͺ׳ǲͬ׳Ǹܣڲ֮أĵ̡ǣȴӵĵ̡
ȥǰ棬ĵ׾ͷ˲٣Ҳִ֪磬֪ơ
ھǸٹ̣Ҷ˼Ҫ򿪾棬ᴥǵ档ȻҾȰ˺һӰɡ΢΢Ц
һ仰Ҷ˼һ㶡̻飬Ϊ㲻Ȥȴû뵽ʲô֪ԭҲף̻ҪһҪӶ
Ҷ˼ףΪʲô͸ߴϻ۲Ķˡԭд
Ҷ˼̧ͷ㣬˫ˮҪ͸Ƶģлл
Ц˵Ҷ˼ҪлңǾ㼤ġ
ԭſһ˵ȴ벻Ҷ˼ķ˲ֲ㣬Щ١
̵סҶ˼ջ󣬱Ҷ˼ƵڴϣЩ̰˺Ҷ˼·

ңŵҲһĿԼܵܡŵȻôţǴķзϢǴĶСԼܵܣȻʤ˸ߴϻۣбЦ
ǣһжġŵһΣȷʵЩͬιųԱھȻܿšһΣȻܵܳ׸ıˡ
ָıŵЩˡһֱΪܵǷ࣬û뵽ھȻܴϿš
һľ֣ŵʵ
ţģЩ˷ܵ˵㣬Ҳ벻ɣҾȻʤߴϻۡ
ŵʹĵͷȷʵû뵽ǰ˸㣬̫߳ˡ
㣡ô˵ͲЦң˵ʤߴϻһģȲҡЩ˵ȴ㡣
ŵʧЦҪǲôƭ㣬ܰ˵㲻ΪʤһΣΪʤߴϻ۰ɣ
ٺ٣ͷǵǲᣬæӮһΣӮڶΡ
ŵЦЦûдΣŵ룬Ҳ̫СߴϻˣһӮȫΪС㣬ûϣűˡԺʤˡ
㻹µִԼŵЦЦνϵˡ
ͷԭǲҵġǿǶȥͻȻ͸ˣԸߴϻҲôˡ
ŵ֪Щ߳ųĵһǾͻ˶ı䡣һıˡ⻹ĸúúлл㡣
ԺӴһ£УԺҪǻ˸۸㣬ǵú˵ŵͻȻ˵
ιŹֵĿŵ㣡ǰǲҵġ
ŵһ۵㿴ǰʲô࣬ҹʲôãֻܺɸ֡ǣԼվǾҵҵˣһ˾۸ġ
ŵô˵ɫЩ졣ȷʵһ̫ҶˡѹԼ׺ͽ㶼Լڽܹκ޲ԼʲôݣҪĻҲøԼӡ
뵽⣬ξøӸл㡣Ҫִ
ˣϣҪģҪ㣬ܲҵĻҲῴ㱻۸ġҵԴҲԶáŵ˵
ʹĵ˵ͷϴε˷ܸоٳԡԸǸųǸ˾۸ˡ
ŵͷˣҪ㣬ȥ鷿ɡ
Ҫңŵ㶣ͷȣһǲԸ⿴ġ
ţȥװɡЩɸֶ׷ˡҾôһжԺͱǸˡŵ˵
صĵ˵ͷ̤鷿ȥ
鷿һθûеᲽ˽ȥǰվһʮӣڻűīϰ黭ȻһԡһĪѹɢסһ仰˵վǣűī
ʱһĹȥɻīҲֱֱվǰܸоѹ˳
һûһǱߣվﾲĵȴӡıī


295 ׳ǵһ
ξվǣϵȻΪԵʺ˴롣þõվţЩܡǣȴҴĸףɾĿŻűīϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãͣ˻ī̧ͷΣž
ֱӣθоѹʢ̲סҪͷ뵽һʲôǿ̧ͷ϶ӣֻЩ
ǰֱ꣬Լ΢΢ЦЦ˵ôˣ㻹ǵһֱҡһȷʵıܶࡣ
øʧˡι˵
Ͽ˿ЩȣЦ˵ûͲʧϣԺʧһΡ
һ仰һԭǰ״ͶԼûһ˿뵽⣬οɬͬʱҲžģԺǰˡ
ɣ϶ߵλָָŸ
һΣҵӵܣ࿴˵ЩСһﾪһ£ЩϼһϢҲ̫š
˵⣬¶Цݵ̸ֻŵʱҲЩӡû뵽ҲұĽ
ТβΡΡ˵
ӺɷǰԨҲҪȻһ㣬߼СӸߴϻ۾ͺܺãЦݣûʧɫҲﵽֻϣԼǵԼҵԨ㲻ܸվעӶֽŷָĶ˵
û˵˵ô׻ǵһԼ˵ôࡣ
Ͽһα̵ȣ˵ͷ̵ĺܺã
Щô׻ǵһοԼ׵ıǽ㶼ѵΡ
ȻβûΪϵĻ˷ʧɫɾϵѵ
ΣһǱ˰ɡʵ
ǵģΪľ֡εͷΪùϣ⹦ҾΪС
Ϥ𣿡ʵ
Īһʣҡҡͷֻ֪ǽΪβġ˽⡣
Ȼ˽⣡Ϊʲô磿Ϸһ䡣
⡭ɫ˺죬˵Ϊҡ
Ͻƺģ˵ô֪㣬
һĬûлشϵĻԼųܰ
ϼôܲʲô˵һ͸һΡ֮ĲޣҵѪ㲻ǺܶҲע㡣ϲǵ۾Լ㣬ȴǴ⡣
֪ˣԺ󲻺Ӵǡι˵
ΣСҪԸųƾĴԼҺĵλȲϸ߼СӼˣھǿ϶ССʱҶ㱧дԺһ֡Щ꣬㡭˵ĪĻʱҲ
Т
ҡҡͷȻܸı䣬ҾϣܸıĳסˣҲ㲻Ӵǣ¶һַ֮ġҪʱ˵ʹˣ㻹ײһ㣬Ѿ˰ɡ飬㲻ܾɣ
ε˵ͷҪȥ飬Ĳܾ
ϵ˵ͷҲʲô顣ǣʲô㶼˼СһˣҪĳɳҪԼ뷨ҶˣǴʱܴͷվܿһҸһϣҲ䡣
ʹĵͷ׽̵
סΪ㣡һ㣬ҲǶ˵Ҫһ㣬Ҫţڶ㣬˼У㲻ҪĶɹҪϡ꣬Ǵĥгɳġϣһֱͦŵĸ߱ˣҵĶӡ˵
һġμᶨ˵
ȥɣҪ˵ľôࡣϻ˻֣ԺҪ鷳ĻʹܼҪˡ
仰ͷһϲԸҵˡԼҲںЩӵһˡ
ι˳ȥߺ鷿Ĳ⣬ŵ˳Цܵܣڳһ㡣
˵һΣҪлл㡣ȥллɡңԸǷ飡
ŵЦΰȥĲͼǻ顣ûҪȥл
߼СӵĲͼôõġǸ߼СӵĴһС֣ìǣСӡѾԸȥˣϢȥͼСֲУĺܣǸ߼С˵Ķ֡˵
ŵüͷ˵ǣܲΣհɡǲҳ棬ѲͼҪߴϻ۾ˣһӡ
ҡҡͷȥɡһ̫ƽҲáǺǣϷҲáǣҲ𣿡
ǡŵ˵ʲôȴϴϵʶ㣬𣿡
ŵɫ˺죬ܸܲϵŮһŶСƨкøС
ϴˤһӣǼסˣĪкøСŵ͵ĵǲϤֻЩССƨѡ
ССƨ˵Ǻ׳ǵѰɣЦЦ
Ҳ֪ŵȵĿϡ
ЦЦڰԼӵǹʹϸ߼Сӵ꣬ôܲ˽һⲻ鵹ǲȣһͷ˶ߡԭСӣں׳ֳôĶ
ǰڵСƺѧԴˡŵЦ
Դףû˽һ¡ҪҸԴ׶ЩϼһʥʦģŲţ˵
һ仰ŵ˵Щ⡣
˵֪ɣǵͻͬһţ֮ΪҴ˵۹۹ҲŵֻҪıܼ׳ǣΪϮҲûʲôһȴ⣬Ȼڼ崫û̫ɫżȻĻõйʱڵһλĴСλȨʮǿ˵вᴫȨǻȴ⣡ϾһҪ۹ͷˣΪԭһֱܼҺ԰ĺ׳ǣǰЩȴԼһλǰȥ˵ǸȴףǻҶˡҲҲģҲͷֺ׳ǣѧں׳Ǵչȭš⵼Լں׳Ǵﵽ˺͸ٹ̵ܼͬĵλ
ŵһԭĻŵû˵ȴϼ˵
ѧҲ󵨣ȻҪȻûָ֤ϴġ˶֪ǴݺġʱΣֻܱʱҲûг뷨ֻԥѡ֪˭𣿡
ŵ㶣ŹֵĿ˵ɣ
ϵĵͷŵͣ˶ΪǳƺΪһǣȴ֪ʵһжġʱһССľ֣Ͱһиˡ
ŵɫЩŹ֣ɫСƺȻѧϺµľ֡
Ǻǣ˵šʱʱҲ̫š˵ʵУ˵Դ׵顣ʵҲϷǿġʱ׳ǵʥʦʱʥʦҲΪҪС˵Եʵŭһ𡣿ڿȴСӲľ֣ȫʥʦǿġƫƫʱǶƭˡǳȥңܶɻڹɡ˭뵽Դװȡ׳ϳЦЦ
һ仰ŵʮֹŹ֣һʱһĻЦЦ˵Ҫ˵СӼϷҲһįǲһݵĳġϲļСŮ
ЦЦҲûзϸȻ֪
ѧʩչֶΣܿӰӣ඼ľ֡׳ǵߴǣΪΪΪͷ̡ȴû뵽Ƕѧ֣ΪɨϰСӣƭˡʥʦΪ̣ôίҲһֻۣһֻۡ˵ЦĹԼ׳ЩĹӱ԰·ȣΪġź׳ǵһӵơ˭뵽׳ǵһӣȻҵļҶ
ŵҲ㵣һҶ֮ӶδģҶĹгϢ
׳ǵһӣҵҪܹܲ˵ԣǿžǡҵҪ򣬵Ҷƭ˵ļһǲôǿ
ϵĻŵʧЦԼΪʲôԸԼˣԭӵֽѵһƭ顣
ôһСһŵЩİһۡ
Ǻǣ˵Ҫл
ھǺ޸ȴٹ̣ôĹŵһ۵ⲻŵ𣿡
ŵĻЦЦҪӮ֤ǿ
ŵҲ˵ʲô˵һҪԸ
ŵǰûʲôŵ˵ҶܼҵȴܼҲģһֱԥЩһֱʵʵģ׳Ƕѧѳ֣⵹ûҶøдЩƫϾǲһλ
ŵȻ֪һλ˭ֻû뵽ʵȻ
ΪЩ괫ƵֵԵʣ۹ЩҲԸһһλΪټʥʦˣȻûȥμӣǴܲ²ĳǻҲԼЩ̫СˡȻôûעܼңܼȷʵ֡οǿҪѹĻҲûҷģǰЩӾͰѧٻˡһ̬˵
ŵ˵ͷôǿ
ЦЦ˵⡣Ҫǻܷ²¼ɵĻλҪ֮ϡʥʦ˵ΪĴˣҪǶǲǺȤ
ְѻתϣŵ˷ۡԼҲ޿κΣôΪƭһΣͼǺһء˵СС
ϧУҪȻǲˣҪˡЦܵѵøı䣬ʱͽ̽ɡСӲܵܲ͸ģµʱ˶ҪǮ
ŵЦǸһ֪Ʒ˵ܵܵǲڣεǹʹпܡҲûôһβ׬𣿡
ҡҡͷǺǣҲոһȫ͸ģܿ͸һҾˡ
׷İɡһῴŵġŵ֪Լܵܵĸı䣬ˡ
ţ㿴ҾͿˡ뿴ôǶЦ
ŵҲ˵ʲô


296 ﵽ
ײͼеϢܿʹ˿ȻҲĶУȻЩҲϡ׵Ϣκ˵ĪջԼõĻᡣرǸߴϻۣѾ֪һξԼֶԸˡ
ôӦЩ˵ʱ򣬼֮ϲǰ꺰ôˣ
ǰ·԰أٻҲˡǰоһƣδõĺô
͹ˡٻסһʱ䡣˵ʱƺ뵽һʲôЩҧгݡ԰غ·ʹļ˵Сӹݡ
һ㶣ʲô˼ȴһ򰲾ٻʱͻȻץߵӣݺݵĶ˹û˿飬żֺע㡣
ϽܿƷϣӷֱ
Ů˷˰ɡ㶣û뵽һ浾ˮٻô뺷һ档㻹δӦԭЦҲһɨ㣬ЩǱıܿ
ҿȺ쵰˵İɡһ˵
԰Աѵ㣬ͱˣǴһٰɡ㲻֪ȥҵʱֱٻԸ˶˳ȥ⣬㰤ٴҲûʲô
ΪʲôɻĿٻ㣬ŮѵǴˣô뺷ֱӰ˶ȥ붼鲻ٻķ񰡡
ٻʣ˸Ƕ˶˹к޲ðж˿顣뵽쵰ɢҥԾҧгݡȻ˵Ҫףٻ˶ȥʲôʱԼҳĴˣ
ٻҲޣЩôӦܼҶķң뵽ȫ쵰ƭġ
·԰أǻӡŰ֡
·ٺһЦ棬ǵû
˵꣬˾ȻߵűߡбӣٻʹĶ㡣Ǳһδζ
ĵŵʲôˡ˺ܾãҲû뵽ſں˵Ļ
һ֮㿴֧ģ̲סޣЩǺиġΪѾŶˡˣǲԼͣһҪ⳥һ
ĵ׺ݺݵšȴòٻķйҲˣôһˮٻҲˣ
󷿼޿֮Щ۵ٻŴִͣ
ֵͣˣ˵ǲ⳥ңɱҡ
ʲôٻ۾һ˵
ٻˣƾίĿٻ˵ǶҶˣôס֪۸
һܾίģŭɵ쵰һҾͱȥˤƨɶۡһûˣ
㱻ȥʲô飿㲻ֹ
˭ٻ˵Ҫ׵ģŭ㡣
ŻȻҪԼӣҲ֪εʱҵİɡҾΪˡ
·԰ض˴ĴָţƵĽڶҳȻͬˡ
һ֮޼̸Ц˵Ÿʵʡ˵ﴫе飬Ц˵ԺҪץ˵Ҿϳ㡣
仰㲻ɵһ䣬Լһо׷
ôˣͻȻ
ں׳ģ͹ˡھǻвѣýܸʶ˵οͬСҲص˾ǣҪ̫ԲԼҶܼҵݺˡ
ͬҲˣһ㶡
˵ͷ͢ѧ˾ǡں׳ǵԼҲʲôˡ
ЩŹ֣볯͢ǹ˼ôͻȻľ
ƺ֪ʲô͵˵͢׼Щ۹ȫø˼
㶣۹ܱƺľһǾǵ۹յ۹ʥʦҲ˿ľλǴźʥʦ൱ĵλرҪʥǸһߡ
͢ôͻȻܼңɻʵ
ʼ˭֪أ׵Ƕûʲôܣǰǡ
˵ͷЩ˼ϾҵһİɡԼѶ͵Ƥˣ⻹
˾Ȼû˵͸ǻֻҪĴȡ˾ٶȻûҶΪء
ԺסɡЦҵʱҶ˼Ϊ㰲ŷ䡣
·ʱȴЦǵǲã͢彨һۡȫǰĹġҶ˼ȥסġҶ˼ҲŮҪþǵ֪ġ
仰ĵЩϲ⣬ҪΪǾǵ۹Ϊ֮һΪҶ˼Ҷ˼ҲҪࡣ
ʲôʱ׳𣿡
׵ǲ׳ǻ򡣲˵ܸ飬㿴Ŵǡ֣Щʱ׻ܼҾҲóһǰǣ֮˵
㶣û뵽Ȼ֮ǿ߶ǸۡȷʵҪھԼĻȨˡһ岻ǣҪľЩˡ
ЦЦ˵ЩҶ˼ǡ
ﵹνʼ磬Ц˵ͺ;ӵĸߴϻ۶ˣ
һ㶵Ҳ֪ϵǲڣײͼǡ
㣬һֱ֪ţơȴû뵽ôδһܵĴϹʶȤͼѹָǶĽ顣ٺ٣ҲٺЦ
ҡҡͷСߴϻȷʵֶΣҪǶǧҪ׺档
˵أŷ˴ţ˵ͷԼҲСһ㡣Ȼ˵֪ķҪʵǾУǿԾӣܲǺġ
ЦЦû˵ʲôż˵ȵҶ˼㣬һȥۡˣ屻ʲô֪𣿡
ûȷʲô۹λԺھҲܺߣٺ٣ڵĸоˬٺЦ
һ仰һ˶ͶȥӵĿ⡣
ڨڨЦˣ㣬ϾǵһЩϤ˾һᣬһμӰɡ
νĵͷʱȥɡ


297 ׯ
ҲΪ˵ľۻᣬֳ󡣷ĵƹЧŪʮֲ͵Ĺ⾰ʵĸоŮŮУżŮһŵ
·һ𵽴ʱϾݺݺӴⲻǵСүܹ𣿿ĶûҪȵŶ
ﱻһȺΧţ·˵Ծվһԡ·״͵ϲĶϢʲôܣǵȦӺͺ׳ǵȦӼ֪ЩŮˣǳĶĺѡЩǡ
νЦЦֲԼ⻹ȥͷ۰ɡСүĳƺ㾪档룬ʵԼҲСҶ
Ķ٣ĳĶԼһȺΧֵЩĶЦ߹ȥﻹδϲ죬󣬻ҡ
ĶáҸոǵܹӳûŮ˵ζͺˣǺǰһǵСӡŮߴߴЦţŪ
СӣˣҪҪȥһȺŮŪ
Լǰонĺܣͷͬһɬһɫ죬˵Ļš
ٻһĻ̲סĵİһۣǶǵÿĶ̾Ҫ˶ʮꡣ֪Ͳˡ
ٻĻЦЦһֱһ꣬ȻڸıһЩԼˣ˱׾ҲѽֻͣĶŮˣȻϲĵˡĶϲȫɢŹâˡǾȤѣԴһɬĵܵܡ
ôһû䣬СƨʱҲʱ죬ôһˡûţŤŤĶɲϲŶһŮһ˵
￴һ۳Ķɢ欵ĳĶֻǿЦţЩǰС󶼰Ůˣǣĵ㲨
ҲΪԼΣվһԵ㣬ЩŮ˽ܵ㣡
Ķһ㣬˵ͷ꣬ûжٸовǻΪʶ˶ѣȻһЩС
ãΪĽܣĶǺܿĴһкš
ųĶЦЦĶӣҲ̾һƯ
Сƨ֪ʲôƯƯ˵˵ƯƯһŮ۾㣬еǾȦ棬ôһˡ
ɨŮһۣŮ磬ȻǾ֣Ҳ㡣ܿ˵ҲƯ
ǵСӻ˵ˡŮΧ㣬һЩСɫŮļ򣬶Ͷȥ񣬡ûȤͽһ
㿴һŮˣЩ΢֣ϲ͡˺󼸲ҡҡͷҲȾơ
ǸŮɫͽסˣɫЩÿݴûбľܾҲϲСȾơ
һ仰ֻüٻ·˶üͷ㿴һվû˵ʲô˺󼸲ҲûдЩŮˣߵһԡ
΢ֵŮƺоԼӣһֹ֪ðģȻǰװ߰
ĶҲһĻ̾һ˵㻹̫ˡҵķģӦôݲȡ˸еʡǣֻǿ졣ԼҵֺãҲϲģһܵܣĺӡ
ﾡ֪ĶûʲôоϲôŮ˵ϲ˸УҪôң
дһ˿˼֡ǰϸϸŲͬĶΪЩˣ˰ֵã˵Щ˵˵ߵǸɡ㲻̫𣿷곡Ϸһξ͵һŮ
￴һԺ·̸Ц㣬ųĶҡҡͷҪΪһ˷ŵԼۡ˽أ
ĶüͷЩܲӡҡҡͷˣ˵ЩˡʲôһɣֻΪһΪһ䡣
𣡻㲻˽ңҲ˽㣡ѵõĸֱӳĶ죬ֻĵ׿ɬ
ɣĶЦЦû̫仰Ŀ⿴һȺÿһ걻ӵصʮĿȽǿ׳촽ź룬ֳ꣬Ȼ˧һΧƵġ
ֱֱߵĶǰ棬Ŀ⿴ųĶǴЦݣЦݴݲȡ
ׯ磡Ķﶼվꡣ
Ǻǣ˵صˣһֱûû뵽ż²ȻƯ࣬ˡųĶЦЦһڳŵĸо
Ķ꣬һֱЦݣȻкøС
Ŀתʹļ򣬶˵ǲ⣬ȥٻˡдĻᡣôڻΧĶת
ЩΣ˭Ҫ˵Ķ飬Сʱһֱͷ˵꣬ﻹЦþòׯ磬ðȻȥš
СӣׯԴЦһڻЩˣǰʲô֪
Դ⻻˭ءرǣﻹһ׼Ĺӡ
ﱻׯһԴ΢΢һ漴˳Ķһ۵᳤ܻģׯҲȥǽ

㿴꣬ɻĿ·ʵһ˭׼ӵͷģ
·˵СʱЩ˵Ĵ磬˲飬ǰھǵʱ򣬰Ķڶĸƨ档ֻһЩϵһЩϾʶڵΪǶǻδСӡ
·ô˵ŵͷѹûзˡԭһĻ
ٻʱҲ˵ׯһĹӣЩɢׯ˵һȻȲϾӣȦȴĴڣһһΪ˵ҲŰţĶϲǶׯżֺøС
ٻ˵㿴һ۳ĶȻׯͬˡųĶŮˣ㵹ҡҡͷ̸ЦׯŮҪñȸá


298 ֮
ׯһŮ˵ҽһ¡һλĹӣǺǣСʱҺĶһȺƨƨߵСһڳһЩ
˴㵣û뵽ׯƨƨ߶ĹӿЦҪ֪ɲһոׯͷһȻĹϵܺҲ˵
ֻվﲻ˵һ˵ǾãһĬĹӾЩϡ档
ׯָһ˵ǺǣһλľĹӣ׾սһӾսﵽһλǱ̻ṫӱһλ̽ʷĹӡ
ׯһˣȻЩھǶһЩλׯֵʮִţһʼΪġ
Щܣ㵹ЦЦׯȷʵֶΣЩѾ˲ٹˡ
Ҳע⵽עׯոձܾǸ΢Ů˵ֻׯ˲Ķ㡣ǸСƨȵϡҪĶ㣬Ͳˡ
仰ȻǴ̼·ˣһüͷ԰ظǵһ䣬һԸ˳Ķ˵¡Ҳ̫½ʮꡣ
˵⣬԰ؿ㣬㣬㲻Դ׺ȥѳĶ㶨
ЦЦ׼˵ʲôٻͻȻݺݵĵһ԰˵ʲô⣬ȥĶ
˴㵵Ŀٻ㣬û뵽ȷ쭵ľȻһĬ浾ٻ㣬˶һۣʹ㷢㶣һʱ֮Ȼǻظ԰ص顣
̫ˡ԰ؿٻֱֱ˵׼˵ʲôȴٻݺݵĵţ԰ظ˵һʲôͰȥ˼԰ظϽ۾
ٻעɫ˺죬һ۵ֻǲϣȥһŮˡ

ׯ˺ƵĴкںЩ˴к󣬿˳ĶһۣŲķȥ
˿뿪ĲһŮׯЦǺ׳ĹôоһСһ
ׯɷã΢΢̣żԵãСӴСҵĸƨ棬ճ򶫣򶫡ڻǰӡ
Ǻǣׯ磬Ķһֱ㣬Ƕ˼ŶĶһûȤ׼ϲŮˣģǳ࣬ׯҪҪ׷£ֵ
˵ׯЩһۣĿ⵹鲻ԽɨĶĶҡҷˮͷ˵ķ飬͹µķģõһЩǿˣСðĳ嶯μ䣬ˣź촽Цźһ˴к
˼ׯˣ壬ׯҲЦԵá
㿴еˣĿⲻסٻͳĶתһ浾һջȷʵΪĽһ鶼õƵܰһܹܳĻ棬ìУһﵹǲ÷
΢ֵǸŮһ˾ǻһ˿Цݿųҫ۵Ůˡһûľܾߵ˵һ䣬ᣬһƣ˹ȥ
ֱֱߵǰҪײˣȻҲͣ£ײ˹ȥеľˮҲй£аܸͷʪ˼
εΡ
ˮֱӵڵϣ㲻֪ʲôʱܿˡܿǸ˿Ϊ⣬ײ˹ȥиոյľˮٴ˹ȥ
ﻹ֪鷳ֱһӣˮ͵ĵתȫϣܳһ
ոսһСһ꣬Ҳײ˹飡
ԼһȫվһײײΪ֮һϲͲҽײϣײһƵģͷײˣ˵ڵ
һҽУ˵Ŀⶼע⵽һİǰȦ꣬һ㵣ɰĿ⿴ľٰׯ
·ٻߵǰɻʵô£
СֶζԸңʳѡЦЦҲûаЩ˷ϡ
仰֪ģȴ֪ʲôݣȻᶯֻ֡Ļģ۷׷׵ͬʱ̲סЦ
˿ׯȴׯһ꣬ׯһϾվ˵λӣᶯ֣ǲӭ㣬뿪ɡ
㵣ͻȻЦΪʲô㲻˵ǳ֣
һ㶣漴ֺȻ˵ֻǵڵϡ
㿴Ǹ΢ֵŮ˵˵鷳ģӦò᲻ϰɡ
ŮȻܸ߰һҲϡ
꿴ǸŮɫ΢΢˱䣬վ˵Ǿ˶ȥɡ
·ʱһѲɱ۸ǣǻܻˣ
·֣굹ǲҿˡׯ״߳ЦЦ·˵·ɡ
·ׯ˵ͷһǵĺһӡׯĽⳡ粨ɡ
ׯ㣬ָĳڴһӣɡ
·ٻһ㶣û뵽ׯľԭصʱһҲ۷׷ף㣬ȴȥ
ȵȣһھŵĿռȺׯ˵ǵֵܣ޹ء
ׯ㶣ǸոʶһЦӴӳˡ
ȻЩ˶˽⣬ͣһϡ
һᴦģģôׯ
ĶҲû뵽ׯϣһȴԼһ˦ĶŵĿ˫ˮֱֱעδ˵ֻ꣬һһֵ˵˵޹ء
˶ׯһȦӵģһȴ׼Ĺӡ˸оٵĶš
ׯҲû뵽ƨɺƨƨߵ˵仰һΪѣЩׯЦЦһ˵ðɣӾɣѹѹոᡣ
ׯǰ꣬ĵ֪ҪҪ˵ıͣȴûһҪġҲǷֵȼģҪȻΪǸŮҪ㡣ɣΪӣЩҪһ˭Ȳϡׯ˵θд磬ƨƨߣڽԼĵλ
ǣһҪȴˣׯϽת˿
ﵭɨһׯ漴һ۳Ķ漴˵Ȼǲӭ㣬Ǿ߰ɡ·»Ǻһߣ
ʲôЦ˵Ȼǹˡ·԰ͬĴ󵶡
⻰ᣬĶ㶵Ŀ⼸ˡЩʲôʱΪСʱ鶼ַˣĶźׯŵ꣬õһʶ
ׯˣͻȻЦЦСӻʹУֵҲֵܡӣɡ
㿴ׯαȻ֪Ϊʲôԭı̬ȡЦЦҲׯ֣˵ˣȥ˯ɡ
˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ɾŵĻ
뿪ЦЦǾһɡ
뿪ׯ̲סļСƨȻɫȻȵվס
һŭը죬ѻȸһĿׯرׯ˻û֮ŭ
ĶͣۿˣɫЩ԰סһѵܵܿһźøеĴ硣ˣϵǣȴΪ㣬ȴŭĿӡ
վתӣׯһһʮ³ׯԼݡ
һƬȻĶֽסͣСƨ˵ĻڳĶӡУһֱǺ󣬺ܹɣˡ
ǣڻǸԸ
ׯҲ͵Ŀ仰ǳǰǸƨƨߵС֮ڣԼ֮ӣǸСƨ۸ңҲӡ
ΪˡٲȻѾһ֮ӣ
ĶʧǵׯͻȻԼܿЦȻһֱΪδȴδ뵽ǿƵ̬վǰĶ˽Ǿ仰㲻˽ңҲ˽㣡
ĶǸһݵ㣬ȻźƵʣóĶһ㶡ãһֱϵ꣬һ档ĸı䣬йϵ
һ߳ᣬµɴĿǣոһĻӡС


299 Ŀָ
һ˻صҶ̻ᣬһ·ĬļЦЦҡҡͷ㣬˵ЩˣΪʱͣǰﲻЩٵϣҲˡǣǲӦ˵ġһܼ꣬ҲҪҸˡȴһ˵һ仰£⣬ҲǡȴºʲôûƵģɼЦȻܲˡ
ĻЦЦ˶ܺģðϣҵǾãǵֶҲãܵ
￴˵㣡㲻ͬģ֮ǰʱ׶˵¶㣡˵㲻Ҵδ߰ĸ۹һˡʱǷģʱʱĳ硣˵Ҫٻһǣ˭֪ʮֿסں׳һܼеϣҲûʧ
㲻֪ÿ޻ǸЦ쵰ȻʱʱĳԼ
ԣΪǻޣĲ⡣ԭ룬ʱڵǵ֣ھǴǵĹϵǣˣҪҲա˵
˵ЩʱҶ˼˽ȻصĴȴʣ۾Ϊ֮һҶ˼ߵǰܸоϰʲôʱģҲңҪ֪ͨҲ֪
Ҷ˼֣һ˸Ͻ˵ûļҶ˼㡣
ǺǣҰ°ɣҶ˼ЦЦһ˵ʲôֵˣ
ԼһֱֺܰòãȻԼ仰˵ȥ˵ȥҲǱһȺ˱ӣ룬Ҷ˼һĵǸô
Ҷ˼һ㶣˵ǸУ
˵ͷҪǰǸ͸Ҷ˼㣬Ҷ˼ɲԶЦһ¡˵һЦǣЦҪҶ˼Цǲô
ڻĻҶ˼ЦһЦŭ֣˵
˿Ҷ˼Ϊ֮ʧڴһ֮ʵһЦǣЦЦʲô
һۣҲ͡룬ԼСǺҶ˼ҹ˾˵ʱġ
Ҷ˼㲻ǿЦҶ˼΢΢üǸȷʵҪжԱҲҪô
ǾɲˡЦ
һ仰ﲻʲô⣬üͷ˵㣬ðɡҸյǣδȣǶԼǶ̼ҵ𺦡ͲҪˡ취
Ҷ˼Щһֱ̻ȥ̻ȥѡҶ˼ǿһλáǾǱҵУڳλãʢĵе̻ü
õУΪģ̻ӶȥΪʢԵʡҶʲô԰Уþ֪̻߳ȥҲɶˡ
ǣҶ˼ǰȥҺԸ˫ļǮСǣҲһλõĵطκһҶ᲻
ҪǿвͨġȲ˵Ҹٹ̡ҪǣΪǿǿϢȥҶ̻ͳ׳ˣĴǸ
Ҷ˼˵벻ҪɣЦҶ˼ΪǰӪ߲㣬￴ǸеҪԡֻҪӵǸУ̻ƷԽ˵֮Уо൱ǰĹһŵλãŵơҶ˼ڵֹ̻ˣǽУȴٴ
Ҷ˼ôʣ˫ˮһۣĵ׻֪벻Ҫֻ
ҪǾ͵ˣһнܴȥҶ˼ЦܴӸոյǡҪãһá
ɻĿ㣬ʲô
Ҷ˼ŵзִ硣뵽⵹ǷˣֻЩʲôֶһá
ԭҪȥܸģǿѾˡ뻹̻סˡٻҪҶ˼һס޵ֱҧǼҶ˼ٻ㣬֪Ҷ˼ġֻη㵹ǲ֪ԼҶ˼ĹϵȴòҶ˼
ˣٻںҶ˼ʱͻȻŤͷ㣬үү˵ͬȥǸռ䣬Ǿ͸үүһϢļѾ׼ˡһڣͻٴȥˡ
仰΢΢һ㶣뻹ǵ˵ͷǻȥү˵ʱһ
ٻ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôŤСҶ˼ķ䡣
洫ĴԼҪؿմˡ
ڴϣŻĿռ顣ռԼҪȥġǣȻǸлѪļһȥеǿҲ١ԼʵȻһЩϼһȴԶԶȲϡ뵽⣬㲻뵽סҪһףʵȻᱩǡڻĿռҲһϣֻƬԼֻһţλСλǲļһҪеõѡ
뵽⣬оͷۡʱԽԽˡһھͿĿռ䣬ԼҪ֮ǰõסο¥صϢսսѹȸСȥ˵İΪ
Ҹȥᾩǵλӡȳǣռȡġһžġ
뵽Щ飬һ˯ļΪȡΪԵʣӸоˬоЩ׳ԵٶȣñˣҪǲʱôȣȥҲ𽥵ĳΪǿߡǣûʱȡֻܽˣûһЩصֶΣ֮ͨгǿԡЩܴеȵȵУȴԶ
ҵǣ׵ĴڡԼֻҪҵ㹻ףǾԱ˾ֵٶǴߣҲñȵϡ
㿪ţüٻվһ㿴СӣСӺִһ㣬һ쿪֫ϸһѵ뷨Ǿ峿ŮˣǸо紺һ
ÿ𣿡ٻ´رɨԼغęٻ㶢żҧгݵ
˵ͷ۵ееƨɡδɹ㻹Ŭ
ɱ㣡ٻ̲סצ˹
˸ո𴲣ͿһĻһľѣѵ͵͵Ǳٻ㷿ˣҪȻٻӣôľٶ


300 Ůƭ
ι˵һŮӣҲ̫˰ɡУ߻żֵٻ㣬Щ߷߲ƽС̫ˣ˵ôһ仰ȻıץҧһڣҧѪҪǵץأžűܿ㶼ܱٻҧһ⡣
Ļ˵ٻ浾ɡŮ˶ƭӣƭӡ
￴͸Ѫģ漴򣬺ͬ˵ڰ
ʹĵͷԺҪͷ棬ԲŮåǲ֪𴲣һٻ㿴ңһֱҡҵʱҳˡĲ벻ȻҪҡ
㡭ٻɴ۾û뵽쵰ߵǷǡ
쵰㿴ҡ
ʲô۾ٻ㡣
ٻʱ࣬ƿѵܵô˵˵㿴غƨɣС
ٻˣʼε˵֪˰ɣҺˣ
Ϊǻ𣿲Ǿƭ˵ƭӶѡٻ㼫ΪĵĿһۡ
ЦҪ˵ƭӣҸǽһ¡
ٻ㻹ʲô£һҲ˵˽УͲΪģҲûзϣĿ⿴㣬ܽʲô
쿴ٻЦһٸһӣСΪһֱޡƫƫٸûдӵľ飬֪ոճСôǾΪбԭ򡣿ʼϵĺźӣԽ庢ӾͿ޵ԽʱٸҲЩƢŭһ䡮ٿҾͰӴⶪȥһ仰þǸˣǴϲͶڴ⡣ȴٸСʳһ١ǣһϣСһϡҲСֻ棬죬ƭӣŮ˶ƭӡ
Ｘ֮Ŀ⿴ٻ㣬漴һûûεĹЦ
޹Ŀٻ˵ҪƭӣȵŮˡ޶֪ˡ
ٻ࣬Ҫ˵ȴ֪ԼԲĶ֣ٻһͷŤһߡĵţԴ㻹ǰķʽõİ취
ٻٴĵΣӣֲ֪Ҫˡ
һ̸ЦȤ˿ûаϡϵĶһȥ濴ţ̲ס˵ĲǺ׳ǵҪöˡ
ЦЦ˵Ͼǵˡʱϵķ׭ҵĵҩеһءаҶ̻Ķȥ׵Ķˡ
˵⣬㿴ٻһۣȻٻƲƲ졣Ҳѹ֣ӦǰĿռһҵĵҩҪҶ̻ᡣʱٻ㻹˵ǲֶΡûоܾҶ˼ҪʲôٻʹӦ
ĶһͳȥЦݸǹһѹĶȥʦĻʱ˵ͷ
վץߵӣϯ̨ݺݵ˹ȥһ֮£ռ䱬һ죬ľм俪䵽ʦϣѪ
ԭ׼˳ˣһͬʱҲĿ⿴ķֻﻺ߳лץһӣɲ˹ȥ
ʱеŷӦһѰΧסҪס
˭Ҷ֣ŭһ֮ӣǸҶֿ
һ仰ĵһһĿ⿴ԭ׼ֵҲϽͣЩƲϵһŵ˶֪׼ΪǿʥʦĴڰǰȻԳӣЩҶ֣ݵλҪҲ׾١
еĸʱҲһ֪ΪʲôͻȻ쭡
ܹӣ֪ʲôᣬȻܹСĿʵĵȴЩ˽⡣ϣׯĶſǴ˼УʱүݺݵĽѵүҪׯޡ˭֪Һׯϵǳ˵ͻġѵĳģ
뵽⣬ӾһЦ⻹졣
᣿Цһ˵Ұ鵤ᶼˣȴҵ鵤ó᣿
һ仰鵤ֵһƬȻ찡ܹó鵤һžʹﵽʮĵҩǣѵ̰īˣ
뵽⣬˿ӵ͹ŹܹӵĶ̰īǻе
Ҳͷһû뵽ǿ鵤ġõ鵤ʱϲѣҪһʮˡ
ӿ˵ܹӣǽһ˵
üͷ˵˵
һǿ鵤ʵڲˣǮ㱨ļ۸һ롣
ڲ㾭ͬ𣿡ŭۿӡ
һ㶣ĵ׿Цáһ˷ŶҪ˿ϵĻԲóڲ۸£кͼղĹءǣϾǱ򣬲ó˵ҪǱ֪öԼڲ۸ţͳˡ뵽ôˣֱܳǱ˵ơ
ܹӣжôġ㿴ҲΣֻܺƵ˵
жôңĸҲôߣҰѶΪľĳ߼Ǯ˽ʲôһ
ӲûеǱܵ˵һ˵˼Ǻˣ˽һ˱Ҫϰ뱶һ£ҲԿҲΪ⣬Ǳһֱȥ
ǣָȴһ仰˵
˵˰ɣҰ鵤Ȼ˽ˡ𣿡ŭѹûһĶԭöԼˡ
һ仰۷׷ף˻ǲǱġΪöҪˣһ
һ˵䣺ڼҴҵҲڰеĶϾ±ĶǮҪ˱۲١
ǣһ˵ʲô
ǰŭͻȻͷһǲľ֡ԽԽܣϾ鵤ϡٵĶ㻨ѹһЩҲõڶһʮߡ
뵽⣬ӿ;ߵһ˵һ䣬ȥҼǰԷΪ鵤飬ô͸Լܴˡ


301 
Ȼ˶ֺܸȤ׼ĹӴУⲻﶼ̸ʡҪǣЩ֪˹ׯĶţ͸˼ˡ
£аԽпࡣǲòϽׯĶţͰׯ޵ֱҧһɢĹӣȻ֮Ӻȥģ浱ԼһﰡǣȴԼ⵽Ӧˡ
ᣬڲǺھܽ飬Ȼġ
粨֮󣬲μһŮ౻㡣ȻҪׯޡҲѹ֣һ֮ӣһɢ֮ӣһȼġҲѡ񡣺οҪΪҪһѣ֪½˼ݲ̫ó֣Ķأ
ôһ룬ԭΪĵׯױ˸룬޲˶֪ׯϤ֮ӵķ緶
һ첽ߵǰﺰܹӣ˲£ҴǸ鵤ļ۸Σ
һ˵鵤ôó˵ʮٱļ۸ļ۸£㵱ɵ𣿡
һѪҺû³鵤Ȼ󡣿Ҳʮļ۸鵤ĵҩҲûҲҵļ۸񡣿ȻʨӴ󿪿˵ʮٱ㵱鵤ɵɣ
ǣƱǿֻܹӵ˼ǣ
Ҫô԰ٱļ۸ҵ鵤Ҫôߡһ֮¶
һԿŵ㣬ˣЦԺүǺǱʵһĻȥھǴˡ
·ȻһЦҲ˵ʲôһۣ׳һö鵤ǲóġ
ٱ˲û̱ȥһ鵤ǰٱļ۸ܸģ
ܹǲ£һ
Ǹʱôһ£һ
ɫ԰ףˣȻǼǺ顣
仰粨ˣҲͬĿűϸҲ˵ׯһ˾ȻҪ֮ӴȥˡҪǣׯȻԴ
κ˶ľٶΪ֮ӵĮӣͲΪˡҪȻΪ֮ˡңɱӺһֻѡ
һͨЩűҲûͬ顣Ͼ֮Ҳ۸ģ
ٱļ۸Ǹ𣡡һ
·ǻŸʲôУͻȻһѶ쾡¡
㿴·԰˷ܵĿʼ쵰˵ǿŵңϾǵĲҵˡ
ܹӣ㡭
˵ʲôȴϵЦһʲô㣿㣬Ҫòٱļ۸ҺǱûꡣǱҾھǳɡ
ϢʮĻ뾩һȻһӵܡǿȡ˹󣬾ǲ֪Ժ᲻аŮ
һĵȻȴұ¶ݣ
رǱһ̺ѪɫɣѹھЩݣڿʥʦԵ΢ˡҪҪңǷĻᶼûС
ܹӡŲ
ߣǴӦǲӦһ仰ǡߵ
˵ܹӲҪΪЩˡһٿ鵤ļ۸ǱҲó
ûϵ㲻ҲֵЩǮѺǡں˵
ͷһһСɣжԼ弫ҪԼʹܶҪǮҲ֡û뵽ȻҲˡңǿȡᡣ
ͻȻǰ޴ʹˣҲСȴǣƣΪעǲǿȡᡣǣǰȴˡ
ƫƫ˸˵ʲô˭˼֮ӣ˭Էˣ˭鵤
ô᲻ãһҪ᲻ãҾ棬ҵĲҵҡ
ȫǳв˵Ŀ⿴
дׯʲôƨƨСƨȫȥһ竵Ķ棬ǵЩ㲻ʲôһ棬ׯȻҲ裿
ɲܱ뷨һ˵Ȼ㲻ѡͱڡ·ߣ
˵꣬ȻŤͷߣһһźݺݵ߹ȥŭūţ
֮ԣȫһΪΪڡ
һ뿪ͷһ˿ȥͻضʰңЩ˵ʲôģ
һȣϽ
ôͬˣɲм
֪иܹӣܹӿɷŹұңʵ
ɨ˱һ˵ɡҪǱֵĺã˵ҾͲǵˡ
ܹӣҡ
˵ʲôȴϵûʸּۻۡͲһⶼҵġ
ŵĻñɫ˱䡣֮ŶĹ˵ȥѵ
ˣǴһ˿Цݡ룬ǵˡ
ǵУν˵ȻȲһ鵤һǮôʶȤķϣүͲ鷳Ҫ֪ǻׯߵĽĻһʲôͲ֪ˡ
ĻЦٺׯߵ̫
ˣ˹ɡǵˡű˵
ҵ˵˵ͷԭеˣʱͺƺƵ뿪ˡ
ҵ˶뿪ϷҰﱻ涢ϣһϽ뿪
Щ뿪￴˿Уű·˵ط̲סһ䣺ҿ·ܼӣôݵְ㲻֪ǵĲҵ𣿡
·ʼ磺ҵ̫˳֣Сһ㡣
仰Ҳûסһ·
нӹЦ㲻ӵܿϧˣոնı쾡¡
Цһε˵֪ҵǳ׳ˡò˶ãǾͻᴫСǼǿȡۡģ룬ǲӦȥǿŮһЩ
ĻĵͷԡֻҪ㲻㸸Ļ
һ仰Դ


302 ºڳ
Ҷ˼ϸָŵ˵ôһĻǳ׻ٵˡӵܣԵͷܲˡ
Ҷ˼ô˵޹ıԹһƵģҲʱľһɫѣΪҶ˼㣬Ҹˡ
ô˵Ҷ˼ɫ˺죬Ťͷ㣬ȴȻ˵ˣСӾͱװˡȻ˵㣬Ҳھվ˽ŲԺҪ۸㣬ҲҪһˡ˵ӹЩʱɾĹӡţԹӡ
ЦһֺۣٺٵЦͻȻ֣ҲǺ˼ġ
һ仰˶Ͷȥָ
㿴˵ھվȽŸҲûʱһһ߻취þǼסһȻ̫ƣҪӵкʥʦͬӰƾһ˲СϾܶ鲻ܳ֡Ǿֻˡ
Ļνʼ˾Ͷ˰ɡֻҪھǺ߾ν
ˣЦЦҲû˵ʲô˵ûУܲܽһ֮
һ㶣ʲô
ЦЦ˵ӡ
һ㶣漴۾һ˵Ҳȥ
ҡҡͷ㻹˺ͿǶϡ
仰εʼ磬ûִҪȥȻⳡ֣ȴףĻ㲻ܾʱں͸ٹ̵ľӽ档
ӦԵ𣿡Ҷ˼ЩģȻġǾǲǺ׳ǣ˼ҵĵ̣²㡣
ЦЦ˵ֻȥòŵġο֮ȥҲʲôΣա
Ҷ˼ŵ˵ͷ˵ﵽ֮ʸΪҪΪʵһ㶼֮ӵкʵڣ㻹ڳʲôΣա
Сһ㡣֪ҪײͼǵòҲˡİ취ǡҶ˼˵żֹϵ·˿ĽѡҶ˼ĹϵĽصİѵطϡ
ӦҶ˼У͵һذײ˾ǵࡣԽװڷ׭֮ҷСҶҵ̻ᣬò˶þܳΪǵĴ̻֮һʱҶҪҲõһ¡
һ˼˵һЩԸǰȥ֮Ҳˡ
ղһʮӣ಻Ǻܳڣų˵ζһơ
ղҸ׵Ľ֮һ֮Ѿżʱˡղ壬㣬鷳չˡ˵
ղ˵үġү˵ھǿԲĻǱүĻ
仰̲סһһʱʱˡ

ǿе飬ܿھǴø۷׷סһʱ֮䣬׳ˣ˶ԣխ̰ƺɫ֮ĳƺ
Ȼͬʱׯϵˡʼׯ־룬±ǡһǵıҾǰ֮ﻹ˸Ҵķͷ
֮Ӿ˴˶û˵
һʱ֮䣬ԭΪʲôˣʱף۹ٴγһλǿһЩ׵ˣû˼Ҳš
ȻʱȴղǰһºڳոսڳУһ˷ܵļҪ˵ĶĤ
ղ壬ȵ˵·ĻֱӸɷǾǡղ˵ʮͣһ·࣬˵ʲôʲôϲˡ
˵ͬʱ͵һ˦һǰļһﶪ˳ȥ
Ȼ㶪һˣҵĵºڳвû⡣Ъ˹໽С
㲽Ӳǰһ·˲϶ȥղ֣Щ˾ͬɳһĵǣÿһ·ı仯˵ע⣬һĿֱֱעǰˣһɬ꣬һʮꡣϿʮֹ졣ǣǵȥһӰľЩȥУ֮
ǿʵŵľٶȻﶪˡһ˿ղֹȴûٸҵ·ˡ߹һóһ·
ֱߵ̨ǰ̨ڴȭڸ̨ǰ˰¶ĳ̨˭ʤ˭
ӻȡͨһ̨ϣ漴ͨѹںɫһ棺ѹʮ췽ʤ
˴㵣ŹֵĿ㣬̨ϵĺ췽Ѿ·ˡѹ췽ʤ
ڶĳ΢΢üͷ㵭վǽ
̨ϵĴ򶷲ϣ췽ʱʱıڷȭ飬ֻʱ⡣״ղ˵ͷղᣬһ˦̨ź췽ĹѺڷһ¸̨ڵҲ
ӮˣǮɡ㿴Űڶĳĸ˵˵
ʹթŭˣСӾȻҽ˳֣ѵ֪ʲôط
Ӯˣ˵һ䣬Ÿ˵ɫЩ䡣
ߣ㡭
Ļû˵꣬һƳ˹ȥžһ죬ţ߻ԷҸ߹㣬Ӯˡ
һ仰ԭֵĺڳ˲䰲һŹֵĿ㡣Сӵ׳ʲôıӵȻ¡
ֵܣ֪ʲôطȰ㻹ǸϽǸ뿪ĺáĿ㡣
ЦЦʼν˵֪ӵĵ̶ѣôĵҾͲˣ
һ仰һƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㣬޷СӾȻ֪ط˭ģȻơǹģѵͲ¿
Ҳһ㶣û뵽ľǿӡôǵһ˸ŵǰ¡
ӣһҲؿӲ
ҲظӮˣʮ򣬸ң㵭˵
ɫһһ˵һ仰ǸϽ뿪Ŀ㣬Ҳ˵Ҳ˵
ԷˣƢҲʮֺƵġԱߵӣһŪԼָһк޹ƵġܵҲֱֱĶҪ֪һﵽʲôˡȻһߡ
˿żĵȴͰİºڳǺټġעˣȻҪ˸˺ˡ֪Էǰҿӵģ֪ԼԷɽûмֱôܣ


303 
ңХǰ꣬żζþû˵ڳˣʱ˵һ£ĺǰ鷳
ָָոնĵͨ۾˵֮ǰ°ӮǮҡ
Хָķ򣬶ŸͶȥɻĿ⣬˸ϽڰХ˵һ顣ХŰĿת㣬ЦЦԿ֮
Х㣬µͬʱ˸ʮͨ
ǰĿƴֿүûһ˿ӣӺų֮һһԿھԴֿĺԲ顣ȻȻԷǶʮͨҲֽܾӹ
˼ĸҪһСӻ治ڸ㣬ȵȻҪԷߣ
ڿԸң˭˰ɣХһԣŷֵĸб״֪
㿴һбõĸЦ㣡ֲİ
㣿ХĿת㣬ͻȻһȭݺݵĺ˹ȥһȭŭ֮֮ռŤſֲƣ˷ѹȥ֮ԡ
ոջȻԴĿХʱȴ缤ŭʨһ㣬һȭҪءǿӣѣһ֮ŭ
ӡһ̣õ쾡µı֡
һȭ˺ѿռԽռ䣬Ҫһٶɱˡ
˼һȭһסһȭȻǸоļ£Ϊ֮ȵǣȻܣ;վ
䡭
һ죬Хȭͷһϣ͵ĵȭľȥϯһ쫷磬Ű
֮Хŵǰһˣͫ͵һ裬漴ֹЦȤȤ֮ҲûжõҵСˡ
˵꣬Хͬûзʲôһ㣬Ÿ
ХĻȵǵӰо֮Ϊݺε󣿿Ϊʲôû˵һˣ
˵ɣʲôХȤ˵
۾ſХղվһԣżЦ˵̸һ
ХЦЦ쳹ڳЦһ󣬿ХͻȻվӸ´żӣ̸㹻𣿡
Ļû˾ǣһߣʸ˵ʸ̸ģжˣ
βŹ񣿡˿ûΪ仰仯˵ϲ֪ʱµĻҳݲȵ˵
ߴϻ۹񣬶Ǳ̬񣡡˵⣬Х˶٣һһĶ˵ǣʲô
仰ղ͵վǰһ׼ʰһԷȴŶмһ˵ĿХ˵ƾҰ˸ߴϻһ֣
һ仰һ㶣漴ЦһЦǰǽЦһ˵ʲô˵˴Ϲһ֣֪֪Լ˵ʲôϹˣ
̫ԲˣСӵƤȻֵزҪԼĨҲҪе㿿װ
˴͵ǣХվǶеĲЦȻվǼһĺ棡
ХڳϵĻһһЩӦ˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲţʤߴϻ۵һǰСľ֣
ǣΪŸߴϻ۵ʤһ;úʸ̸𣿡Х㡣
νʼûϵҪΪĻܼ򵥣Ƕһǡ
һ仰˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬һţȻսӣΪԼСʤһѸߴϻ۾;Լ˲𣿾ȻԾӵΪơ
ХǴݵ۾һƺҪ㿴ƵġǣƺĿ˿ûɫ䡣
ͻȻȤˡȻҪ棬ǡХ˵
ڿХĻش˿Ϊ⣬ԼƣԷҪǾΪˡ㲻ͲԼǣԸԸԼ̸̸ȻȤǾͺð졣
Ҫ̸ʲôХĹֵ꣬ôû˸ǣѵóһȻһδļһ
ߴϻ۸һ֡ܲܿԼСǾҪҲΪľֶҪȻ˻Ϊǲˡ㿴ſХ˵Ϊأ
ХɷõЦЦҲ֪ͼСȴûгֵԵʣΪԸΪߴϻ۵ǹС֪ߴϻһ֣Щˣƾ֮
˵˵Хżζ
ܼ򵥣вһŲͼҲһţһλҲһš˺һĵͼͬʱǰѰף߾֮ⲻõİ취ңѸߴϻų⣿ǲľСʤһѣſХ
Хǰ꣬˺ܶҪ̸ݡҲû뵽Ȼһ顣⽨鲻ǲУǴδͶĪСӺ˵ǵġ
Х㣺ӦףҺڳ£ȫ鷳͸ߴϻ޹ءĲͼҪ㵲ס𣿲ͼλһУٺ١
Хӣ㲻˵Ҫţԣܴܲȥͼ
ХĻ۾㣬Ҳ֪ʲôƬֺ֮ĴЦȤȤûмƸߴϻۺҵĴڡƾźͬҾʹӦú̸̸ҪʵʤĹңΣ
㲻˵ķϻղ˵ղ壬ſ
ǣүղûϻһȭɨХ
Хһ֣̲֮סʵȻͣھǴԲܾˡȴһֱδͻƵ֮Ķ֣ҲΪʲôǶҪףͻơ
˵㡣Х˵
ЦЦν˵֪ȴӮȻ档ҪȻ߹ݡҵˣʸҶ
ûʸ仰ԭⲻĻ˿ХȻļǳ̶Ⱥǿ
ݡХһղĹֻǱıܿХ֪ҵļҶҪ֪һҶȻԸ߹ݣǻѪ


304 ʧ
ˣХ˫һڣҲֵղֱֱվղռһȭûһ˿Ŀ־壬Ǹģ
˿ղȭͷҪ䵽ХıӣǿХȴվһ˾ڡ
ſХĵ׵Է벻ŵĿӣȻϣվﲻղ
ղХȭͷҲ͵ͣ漴Ŀ⿴㡣
˼ղֹסȭͷƽ־ȻѵԷĸХɣǾ֮һԷıӵҴХͣ¾뵽㡣
һΪһȭХ˵Ҳ
ХĻû˵꣬ԭͣǰȭͷȻٴһȭ˹ĺϣХ֮оһɾҵӿǿѪҺͬʱҲ۵
ղȻһȭûȫǱ˵Ĵأһȭ۵ĿХű˼¡
˵ľУ޹ĶűѪĿХ˵Ϊ㲻ʧֻܴһȭˡ
ı޹һΪ˲ÿХʧı顣û뵽ĸХűѪĿХһɫŹ֡һֻ˷ݵĿӣȻ˸ˣ
ХɫҲֽ࣬ӹùëűӣ㣬ȴǹ޹ı飺㲻߳ŭİɡҪףǰĻģΪľǲʧ
ɱˣХ㣬ݺݵ³һ仰
ʼܶ˶ôġǺܱǸһС
ӣҪҪȥߵڿХߵ˵һ䣬ҲˡǵʵǶԸˡ
Хߵһۣ˰öԷվһԣûлشĻһѱӣѪȾëһĭ˵ô꣬ǵһҵˡ
ǰ˵ѹͲˣ޳ܵģÿХбߵ
Хһԭһﲻģҡ㹻󣬹ŵġߴϻΪ˽Ϊ˺գǶǰֲúáߴϻ۱һ֣ұһȭǲӦһ㣿
ҿͲ˰ɡϾҴġٴѿХᡣϾ˼ҵĵ̣ԼǺܸХӡ
Ǽ޳ܵġã޳ܷϡҾʹӦĺХͻȻЦ
㿴˿Хһۣ¶׵ݣſХܲõЦȻݱ㳤ĺÿΪļʣһлл㡣
˵꣬㿴һղ˵ղ壬߰ɡ
˵꣬˵עУתߡ
㲻Ҫ̸𣿲̸ˣХ㺰
תͷһۿХ˵㲻ǴӦ𣿡
ǶأХʵ
ĲͣſХ˵ΪӣӦ֪ôɡҪⶼǾͽˡ
һ䣬ȴɷãֻǾһĳеĴ
ʲôʱôһˣХһıӰЩ㶡
˿ֱֱ߳˵ºڳһһο˺Ϳӽ·磬òƣʤһ㣬ӵıӻѪء
뵽⣬һɫŹ˭ҵӵܣ
ӣ߰
ХͻȻЦôѵ㻹Ҫסǣ
ǣıӣѵ
Х˰ֵҲǶǼһôһأûϵһȭҴȭǡ
һǹġ
ǣӣʮͨһѵ
һ㶣漴뵽㡣̲סһ䣺ҿôѡ
ХЩˣôˡѹǼһߵô죿ԭΪʮӲȥ
쵰ХһЦȤǳһԺúˡˣȥ̽һ£ʲôݣ֮ݲ򵥡
ǣӣ˹˵
ХһѱӣûбѪŲ뿪ĵȴţôܰХǲû֮򶷣˵ĵºڳ͵òʧˣ֮һȭǼˣҪǵºڳͶˡ
ȻХҲֻ֪ռһСˣһȭֻǴѪҪȻƾ֮һȭԴϣҪˡ
Ȥļһţ󡣸ߴϻۣ֪ͼãʲô飿ٺ٣ХЦֹ

үǲ׷ˡղߵô죬̲סѵ
㿴˿һ˵ֻ֪Ƕѣ׷
˵仰ʱ濴˿ûӰһңҺܵÿ죬ҪȻͨͱ׷ȥˡ˼ҵĵ̣涼ԼҲֺá
е̲ͨסЦܴһȭ˵ֻͶռˡǾжռˣ뵽⣬͸оһ԰ڶȫɢŹâС޵İһ
˿ԣ֪ܲܳΪӢֹۡһ
ֹղ治˵ĵں׳Դ׵ڿӣĵò˶١֪˭Ƕԣ
ղ壬ıּʲôʱ£ͻȻʵ
ղͺϻشүȻ˼ȷˣϾϵ󡣷ϸںܶ࣬ϷʲôҪ̸Թ˼ɻҪʱ䡣
˵ͷҪǽܷͶڲˡ
ЩΣܽƣǺܴʧ

ղ̸Щʱ򣬿Хȴڿ´ϡϺ󣬿Хɻˣ˵ҵļҶ
үǵģϵݾҼҶ˶ҲΣȴʵ
һҶߣХˡ
ȻҼҶүҲϣں׳к׳ǵһӵơϵЩĹӺŮҶ˼Ҳϵܡд˵ں׳ǵĴˡȻ֪٣ǹ˶ԶҪȻ֮ܽ
ХеϣбòѣΪһȴŹǵĹϵжܣ֮ɸˣ
𵱳ҲҪıбĹǿȡᣬһоĪĹߵ˵ҵȥǸﵽ
ǣүһ˹˵Ȼ֪үеĶ˭
ȤճһԵѵһʲôХЦ


305 
ХбүʲôһаڿռÿХߵ¶֮ɫһ̲סԶЩڿХ󣬿ɼŶô
棡þò㣬үˡХȴ˿ΪȻӻߵȥЩ³ˣ͸о
߰һ氡аЩܵĸ졣һ޲óȡ
һȫź۵׼ץˣХһҪǸҶһ£Ҿȥöʮµֽš
аЦЦѣôʲôôбүʲô
ХɨǰһۣǺ۹ϴװŪȫɢϢ̲סɲ԰ǹժ
ԣҵĻԼժаν˵
ҿɲҶϵĶХЦ
ٽһ䶾棬ҾҪаſХ˵һ䡣
Хν˵棬⻰˵˶ٱˡ֪ҲҶ㣬Ҳҡ
ߣаҲϣһֱϣϣХ̾һĵҪˣӣ˭֪һ᲻ֽš
ұү飬˵ɣſХ˵
ХҲϻϵһ϶ǰ˵ҲŸߴϻеŲͼɣϡŲͼеϢҲɣ
֪ôҪߴϻ۵ǹľȥſХʵ
Хһұ𣿸ոСһ֮ˣұӸˡ
Ӹˣһ㶣ſХǺ׵ıӣϾ͹ЦȤȤһֻ˵ĿӾȻˡһϲ̫ϲˡ
βϲͿХôãرǶԷʱ˺ȴһֱûռˣȴû뵽챻ˣбȤ˵
ߣЦĿģХЦһ֮һȭȸߴϻǼһãͼ˼ȥˡ
ʼ磬ۣһϣҿЩʲô
˵Х
Хô˵ſ֮󣬹ŹֵĿſХ˵һҶ
Ӧ˵һ׼ǼҶĻ쵰Х˵
˵ô˵ǿеУҲӰˣ˵бҶ̻ȥˡϧˣǰҪ쵰һֱۺ죬Ҳ
ǲҲһХν˵Ϊƽ⣬˭ԸԷõУñһֱڱУû뵽һҶҵУǵ
ҲգүͲˣһҪȡУ㲻ʩչʲôֶΰɣʵ
νֻҪȡĵХνʼ磬Ȼ㽻治áǿХȴ֪һﲻöԸмȻܼҹӵӰ棬ҪԸԷҲһܵõϾǱվ׼׼ӣԵѾˡ
˵ԶѶԸΪǲҪǣվһ۹¹ҪǶԷֵ˺á
ɨϣ漴ŹֵĿſХ˵һصļҶҿЩңϵаɣ
Хʼһң˵˺²ͼϲһǰȥסҴӦھͿˡ
Ӧһ㶣漴ЦХ֪֪˵ʲôӦЦˣÿӣȻӦһĪļҶ
ߣХһ䣬漴Ŷ˵ЦЦ˾͸ңʲô
ſХȷԴûˮ𣿲ֻǱˣȻӦ顣ѵ㲻֪ǶʲôʱҲܺ
ХŭһһХŭ˿Ϊ⣬ֱһӣһ˳ȥײһ𣬳ʧ
˭ĵ̣ҪңҲɱ㡣Хŭߡ
ʼ磬ΪХĻɱİе϶һԣһӦ𣿡
Х˵ûɲӦ㲻һֱҲ𣿼ȻŵͼǶòԷģõİ취
˭ûɣҵɾǣҴδǻааЦ
Хһ漴Ŷ˵ǲӦˣ
ҡҡͷǵδأХܷۣҶȻҲܷ¡ǣʲô˵ҡ
Х˵ûʲôɣΪҴӦҪǲͬ⣬ҲֶȡĲͼ
۾ܶԸң
֪ǿԿХν˵
ĬһͻȻץеϣһȥоһһ飬ҴӦˡ֮һ
˵꣬ҲͣץһϾŲ档
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뿪һȺ˲ų֣ſХ˵ү׼ְϢõ𣿡
Хҡҡͷû˭ܱ֤ǶˣûǡܰѸߴϻųȥѾһˡ
Хô˵˵˵ͷ˵ү˵ǣӦöЩȥҪһ֮
Х˵ͷţȥŰɡСһȭҪҪȻ̫ˡ
Хô˵ȻĵͷǻδǵүԿ
ȥ㴫һϢХ˵
ǣү

ʲôХ˵ǰϢˡ
ǵģүͶԼˣͼһ˴
ȥү˵׼ʱס
ǣԷһȻ뿪
Է뿪ʵҪȥף
ʼʲô취һ֮ԼԽԽˡ˵һֱϵҪٲŬ»ᱻ
˵ͷҪҪȥҵõĴУҲܰ㡣
ҡҡͷãھĶԾСҴղȥС
Ļüͷ˵ҪٴһЩ𣿡
˶δܵõáղ㹻ˡЦҪǰȥòټһȺҲãοǸھ㡣Ҳó̫ߡҶ˼ǱߺܸڶҪ֡
ô˵ŵ˵ͷӦ


306 ǰ
ǰ꣬ͦΣЩ䣬ɬȴһִݲ֮Уһڲͬꡣ
ҪǺ㣿꣬дżֱӣҲ˷ѹȥֲƴа㳹׸շ˼
ղվǰһΪ㵲סƣȴסԷȻǿǻκε
ҪЩùȻǿǻɱҡʱ䣬ǻоһµͼô߰ɡŶ˵
Ц͵һգߵǰֵôǾͺɡ
ûоܾŶչȥХҲ˵㻹󵨣Ҳѵ㲻֪ȫǶ
Ͷһţܿ־ͷŷڵֱۣ㿴˶һۣµ۾żֵ⣬Ҳ˵ͿֱϲϷڵֱۣĳ⣿
һСѡں˵˵СС⣬ҪĻ־ͷϵˡ
㿴˶һۣСҲʰҡ
˵ֻ꣬˦˼£˦£ԭɢָڵѪҺڵɢŶ
СҲ˦˦ֱۣ뻪ĵЧԣԷĶ׾پͽˡ
΢΢㶣û뵽Ȼ׽ĶոյĶȻǿҲڽôɣ
תͷХХҲƺ⣬һĶôôɡ
ǲ˷ʱĻС˰ɡǰѲͼóλðɡ㿴˵ѾŲˡ
ͿХһۣ˵ͷȡһͼ
˰Ѳͼƴһһɽͼͳ˵ǰͼߵղ˵ղ壬ȥѵͼӡġ
ղͷͿХųˣʼӡġͼ
ڻ˲ʱ󣬼˶ӡġãֱһӣŲͼջԼĻС
ôʹټХȶߡ
ȻһЦǿҪСˣϣֵܼĿĵء
㿴Ŷģһġ
ףˡ˵꣬Ҳ뿪
Щ˶뿪Ŵղнӹͼղʵղ壬֪𣿡
ղҡҡͷҲֻ֪յͼ̽ˡ
΢΢üͷ뵽ָУź˵ϣ֪𣿡
ܿ죬ʹ˺ϵط˵һС׵أףվͲʲôˡ
ô˵ĵһϲô˵֪ˣ
ţ㰴˵߾С˵ҵһû뵽пס
үô죿ҪһĻҪԶľ롣ҿǻ͵͵ǰɡղѵ
ղҡҡͷã֮ǻᱻ֡߾Уġ
ղȻɣȴûмʡ
ţźϴ·ȻǲҲǾȫҵͼĵص㡣
ղһ·ߣһĪ·ղɻѣȴûѯʣԼүص꣬ղĵҲЩ˲֪ѵ֪Ϊܼһ
үǰôĵطһޡղһ·ͬУǰյĴ̲ס
˵ͷ׼ѯʺϣϵڶ𣺡Сһ㣬ŨȣĶ࣬ͬʱη硣ҪСһ㣬С
ô˵ɫҲ˼֣ղ˵㣬ŨȥУ˵ߴ½ܿĲǰ׵ľ롣ղǴ˾Ȼмʵܵƣʵܴܵѹơ޲ͬС⣬ӦĻ˳£С¡
ԣ˵ĲӲ졣
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ղûֲͣϯȥֻޡ
ղϾ֮һ֮£һֱ޾ͱ׻ѪҺڵֳ鴤˼Ҳһ˿Ϣ
㾪̾ղʵͬʱȭͷҲֻޣ³һһ棬Ϊ֮Ťޱ˺󼸲㿴ЩץƵ䣬оȡ޵ʵ
㿴ղѾ˵ڶֻһСһֱֱĴֻޡ
ЩƺҲ֪ǵ˲ǵˣ⡣һȥղܷЩ˵龧ʵǿޣǵ龧ֵǮĶ
ղһٴһֻڲҽС
ֱһֻߵޣȻŨס۾֪ҵֻޣͬʱһֱֱĴ˹ȥһ޵ϣ޵ĲҽУһĽŽ
޵ĽŽϵʱҲȻȫ͵˹ܾ˵˼
㿴һĻ͵ı˳ȥ͵һӣһâ޵һֻŸնһƬѪҺ
޵ϣһᴩԴԭޣһһƬѪҺȾ棬ֻ޵ʱղѾֻ޶ˡ
ղĴָЦղǿ
ղЦЦ͵ʱЩޣֻ·һ
ЦЦҲûм˵ʲôղһ֣Ѱ龧ƺãֻ޲ҵһ顣ЩΣϵ뻹ǷȻϵֵǮûҪ˷ʱ䡣
ΪޱԵʣѪζʮ㣬ԭŨҲմȾһЩѪҺŵ֮ɫѪζղѵүϿ뿪Ѫζǰ
˵ͷղһ첽뿪Ƭ򡣱ϾްΧɲʲô顣
ٶʮ֮죬һμԶľղͻȻֹס˽Ų־Ŀ㡣
ôˣղ
ղһ漴ЦƺǵáǱһֻ޶ˡ
㶡
Ҳղ͵һ仰Ҳͷ壬͵ıطһֻ֮ޣʲôʱֵزˡ


307 Ѫ
үȵ㱣ԼСĽҡղ˵ҲһѱȻǰд
ޣǶȹٵĴڣĳԪ֮Ĵڣǻۣл޵ơִڣ֮ΪƣټһŨĹطղɫҲЩġ
ղ˵ͷղ岻õҡԸֻ޾ǡ
˵ͬʱĸ֪Ҳɨܡĸ֪ոɨͬʱһɿֲղ˹£ռΪ֮ݣ类ĲƬƵģһƯĻۼֱˣԵŨһɢ
үղŭһӰһǰһӭȥ
һ𣬱һ죬ܵŨĲ𣬷Х۳һɿֲķХŰܣŨϯһС
ղǰղһֻߴ׵Ȼȫ죬ë׵һֻܡ
㻹ھȶԷ͵ʱ򣬺ϵȴԺ͵𣺡㣡ǺѪܶ
仰ûп޳֮ĴڣȻ˵
ƺ֪ʲôϺٺٵЦѪܺͱ޲ͬһȫѪҺ֮СѪҺ̺ſֲѪҺЩߣΪʳѪҺ˽ˡ֪ҪǣʿܲϴЩѪҺļֵٴ
˵⣬϶˶٣㲻һֱҲʵˮ׭ѪҺƷˮ׭ֲȻ֮Ǿ֮ȴܵסʹǾǴԲ֮
һ仰ĿȵĿѪܣһ޲ϳѪܵѪ
ղ壬ûаһղ
ղĻһ㶣漴ü˵ѶȣһռݵƣټʵңܱȫԼѾܲˡ
仰üͷ˵ҪɢЩ᲻аһЩ
ղ۾һûŨĵҲûж٣һϣ
仰˵ͷôҸɢ׵Ũ
ղŹֵĿ㣬ô㣬ЩŨɢǿԡǣҪһ׵ÿռ䣬Ҳ
ղעУӡ᲻ϵĴһӿֲһգյͬʱһ޴Ļб俪Ƭռ䣬ԭŨʼɢ
ϵĴЩܣŨʼɢ
ټĿռŨɢղ͵㣺
ɲϵĴ£ͬˮһ㲻ϳŨҲɢ
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㿴žȵעղż˵ղ壬һֻܿˡ̫࣬ûһ
ųһռ䣬ҲЩˡɢרõ֮УȥЩҽε⣬ҲкܶһĵЩ⣬ʪȸָġ㵱ʱãҽãʱ㻹һƫŵôõϡڿȴдˡ
㲻ԼеĵȻûйеһУΪ˷ġ룬ǰõǿשˣ᲻һҽĵʿ
ԽԽܣҪȻôҽƵأ
ȻʱתǣҪԼתĻҲָĸ졣
ղעǰѪܣķ˴ṩһȻԸŹѪܡѪܴ˹ȥֲ
ѪȻûϤŨҲ⡣ǰ£˵֮Ǵ֮ҧ֮ľˣ˵һ¥
ղһ־ǴУֲϯ£۳һѳѪܴ˹ȥ֮ռΪ֮ݣһƬΪ·
ѪܼŭһѪҺб۳һצӭȥ

һ޴ײѪܱĵͬղҲ֮ԶȻ˵ʵ൱
Ѫ˺󼸲󣬸ڵֱֱӿٴ۳ɾצղ˹ȥղѪڵϣֱӭȥ
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ղҲ˲㣬еϻ裬Ѫܽһ𣬿ֲһɹ쫷磬쫷Űܴҳ
˭ҲռơڴʱָϵĽָŹâʮŷ׭ʮŷ׭ͻȻȥȼڷ׭ȼյͬʱ׵۳һֱֱѪܡ
Ѫܺղ֣û뵽׵繥£û㣬׵ֱУҽһͬʱղûзᣬһᴩѪܵĸ
໡
һҵĲҽУѪܿղ˹ȥѪҺҲϵĵ䡣⿴һԵ۲ѡ
ѪˣղϲڵӿٴιѪܡѪԭͺղ൱Ǵʱķ׭ղͬʱ֣סûãͱղ˼ѾЩˡ
״Ͻȡ׵¼Ѫʱ򣬰£ѪܣʼѪҺ
ղŵڵϵѪܣҲЩӦû뵽һޣȻˡΪʮŷ׭
ֻղȣҲȡ׭ǺϳִģԭΪòȴû뵽Ч
Ѫܱȱ޸׵磬ʮ֮׵Ա֮û̫áǣѪܲͬžѹƵЧϽ͵
˵ͷѪܵѪҺϵĻٴ𣺡Ѫһ龧ȡ龧ѪҺȥڻҲ뵽ѪҺС
Ѫȡ龧ѪҺȥȻ龧ڻ
үղ״۲ѣû뵽һ֮龧ٵˣǶôĶ
ôˣ㿴ղ
龧ղ㡣
ЦЦ˵ô
ղô˵һ˵һԡ


308 
ղ֪Ѫܣ׵粻ϵĴʱղ֪˷ôʱⶫʲôϾ㻹λʱ䣬ȵĿĵص˿϶ơڻôʱֵ
ղɺѪҺʱ̲ס㶡УԭѪҺֻʣôһˣЩѪҺɢżŨͬҽһϢſ֮⡣
ղ㶣Ϊʲô㻨ôʱԭѪҺһ
ЩѪҺװһƿУһЩӽָȡһЩϣʼŷ׭ڰЩѪҺ֮ѷ׭뻳УЩʵٴα˼Ρ
Щ֮չնղһЦղ壬߰ɡ
үҪϢ𣿡ղ㣬ô࣬ƣ쳣ˡ
Ȼ֪ղʲô˼ߵȻĿֲ̫أŵֻҪʱĻָ㲻Ҫ˷ʱ䡣
ȻŨ鷳ҵû˵նɱһЩ޺꣬ҲƬŨڴԽŨ󣬳ǰڲͬһƬ̣Ƭưطüͷղ˵ղס
֮еζеһ㵹ûʲôЩںϣȻž綾룬ѹ˰ˡҪǲ⣬ж˭뵽Щɢζж
סǰٵȥ̤̤ݵʱղͻȻүСģ
ղǰʱ˿ֲһĻ˵ǰųǧϰٵߴǺĲƬ̼Ͱ˰Χġܼͬʱţ˸оëȻ
ЩߵǺǿֻ綾Ļȥ߾綾ĿʮִҲСӣ
ղһۣȫֱһӣʩչЩߣҪ֮бƿһ·
͡
ЩɬУҺҺһ𣬾ȻʴˣЩҺղղӰ͵ĵ˳ȥƿЩҺ
ǿĶҺһ䣬ҪռһЩ뻹Ǳðա
ŲǱƽߣһз׭֣׭ȼգһ׵˳ȥȻǵĶҺܸʴȴʴ׵磬Щ׵Ű£һɬɢζᣬղһ첽ۣͬʱɨЩҺ
ߵʮִеķ׭ϵȼճȥ˿·Ȼ׭٣ֽһţ㻹ǸоۣҪǷУҪǮǣȴԸһЩߡ
ϣʲô·̲סԹ
һ·Ҳյ·㲻ҪҴ·ҿġν˵
һ仰ĲûѪʱû˵յ·Ҫ֪Ըһ㡣Щطû·١
̰̰·òߣ˿첽׵翪·Ȼ࣬ȴҲκβˡղʵֲȻҺܸʴȴ֮ܰȫʴԣղһɨҲһѣֻǧϰٵĶߣһͲʲô
׵Ű£֪߱ɽ̿߳طԶԶ˦ղһرղԼҲһǿˣȴ㱻Щ߸ڸǣҪ˵һ֮߸ҧ˵ȥˡڸոյĶͶҺ£Ҫû׵磬治ܱ֤ȫˡ
ϣҪԶܵʵ
˿ˣһֱǰ߾ǡϵԺ
ϿɱҼĵطˡź˵Ȼںôһ·ЩԹ
ϲֹ·ôˣҪ·ܵõôѪܵѪ˵·Ҳǰ˵Ĵ

ĵһ»ʱõáȻ㲻ʱŭϣҪһԼһյĥĿ޶ûˡ
Ҳ֪ĻôΣһξȻûգڸ·һ֮һֻ޶û˵ٶΰ
ǰһȣСһЩѵ
ȣɻʵ
صòΪȻȲǿǶ˵ȴһյġԣСһ㡣˵
ûа취ܿ𣿡ʵ
ĵطа취ܿͨͼĿĵصΨһһ·㣬ҪͨﵽСϻش
仰Ρ׼ǰȥһȴȻ𣺡Ǻǣӣͦ
תͷȥһߵĶһ߹˫żа⻨۴żζ
Ҳ㵹Щû뵽Լкϴ·ȻǱԷ׷
ȴ֪ҲȲѡһϤ·̵˴·ģǾȻһϿȡ
ôӲҶϿȣЦ㡣
۾ŶһЦȷʵңӿȥԡ
۾Ȼȥǰ棬νʼȻ͵ȵȿХǼһɡǼһҲˡ
Ǻǣ棬˵𣿺ܱǸõˡХĻһ򴫹üХһȺ˺ƺƵ
ǾõˣҺӵ˿һˡܱĵĿſХ˵
һ仰ÿХмĿת㣺㲻Ҳ˵޳ܵĻɣ
ʼʵõ޳𣿡
һ̣ᶨվڶߡ
㣬ҷЩϲˡЦ
仰ɫ䣬͵˺󼸲ŶŭȵٲϲˣرȫǶˡ
ǿδأ˵ԺıζҲһ˿Ϊ⡣
ŶĻɴһһﲻ֮ðɡãбҪһľ롣תһ룬ҪһǶŮأ
ȻúþᣬҪĻѡ
ãã쵰һˣû־ᡣֹһ
ХǺܴķϣȹϿȡЦ
㵱ɵ𣿡Х˵ҿȥɡ
޹ʼѵ㲻ɵ𣿱ǸҴˣǰһֱˡ



309 ҲǾǴԲ
ХһҲ˵֪ڿϲͶֵĶ֣дڿҵʱ䣬ҿǻζȹȡ
Ҳ֪ûԸǰ棬һֻ֮ͬʱǰУ
ǰĿХͶղСĵѵүСһǡѱǲʱּһ֡
˵ͷŲ֮ȥһ˵֮УԭɼȣϾͱĻҲǰ·
ܵ쫷һҲһ˳
Щ쫷磬ʮֲֿϣһȻһ죬һɳϡȻ֮ȡ
һСС쫷綼ɫӵأӭ쫷硣ǰȥȻ㿴·Ǹ֪ȴ׼ȷжϡ
һ߳Խ棬쫷ǿȾԽǿɹ쫷۳һУһ˳ֲͬʱһЩ߸ס쫷תȥ߱תȥ˲ʧ˵У漴һҽУ׶༪ˡ
֮ߣǰХͶһҲû뵽ǿ
֮Ц˶ɲһŶ
ĻͿХһм۶ȥ
ղ壬ҲȥղͻЩ쫷磬Զȥ
סǡһˣߣһ֮۶ղ嵲
ʩչּһҲ˲ղӰһǰȥ
̫ҷˡХЦһȭֱ㣬㵲вٽֺ˼
ȤȤþǶӣȻԸңҪǴȥҲҪﾩˡվſХЦ
ûϵֻǾãӦһǰȥȡסХ۾㡣
ЦΪǾӣҲǣһᶪǵˣ
Хɷãϧ㲻Ǹߴϻۡ
ʼ֪ǻˣΪ㵲ס𣿡
㾫֮ҾǴԲΪҵסХЦ
ǴԲѣҶֲǴﲻЦ˿Ϊ⡣
ХԼˣû뵽ǰļһšȻովܴ֮ﵽǴԲ
ǾҿľǴԲʲôХЦֱһ˦ܵǣУֲȥѾһ֮
ҿεֻ߻֮Х۾㡣
СѡЦһһ׭У׭һУ͵ıѣһ׵ֱХУ׵ϣ˲ֱ׵ྡྷХ
Х뵽ʩչǿִٵֵȥĵдż־ȣ׭
ôľǴԲɣԼõƷѪѪҺ׭ɣȿХ١
Х㣬ĵ̲סһһǰܼӡķ׭ȻʹⶫɲǮŪġ
ߣҵҪжķ׭Хһ׼ǰԸ㣬ȴһϳ˶ʮķ׭ÿХϽֹס˽Ųżִ͵Ŀ㡣
ХԭΪи߰˵ͲˣʮһҪǮĻܵסϾΪ񱩵ϵ׭
ģһû˸аХһ䣬Ȼ벻ԼġϾһ֮ʵ˿ֲķ׭
ôҪ𣿡㿴ſХЦ
Х˿Լ֮ǲӦý֮ԶԸ㡣һſϰߵһ֮ȥԸһһ֮ߣо
Хôһһ֮ҲԸˣʱĳЦ֮
Хɨ˶һ۵ҪǾԼǿȥԡ
ҾԣХԤϵˬ죬ֱһ˦˳쫷磬ӿ˶ȥ
Ҳˡ㵭˵һ䣬ʩչЩɢЦĿˡ
ղʱҲһƿǸ֮ǰүû°ɣ
Ǳߵ֮ȴĶ˵ǿһһȥܵĿԴ󡣡
ǲɣϾһ֮ǿһЩҲ֡
Х֮һְɡŶԷУǰҶϳȥܲҶǹͬﵽĿĵأҪȻߴϻۻ֪ôЦءſХ˵
ХĵߴϻڻʲôʸЦǡͼˡХҲϣɬ굽ĿĵأڶҲܾߵ֮˵С
֮ʱղѵղ壬СһЩ
ղЦүģҪңҲûôɡ
ղʵ㻹ǺŵģҪסղ·粻ѡҪڶʱھͰղһѶȵġ뵽⣬Ҳһ˵ҪԸˣ
Х˵ȻҲ֡Ƿ׭һЩ˼ɵģҪǲСܵʲôģǱ˶һԣ㲻ҪԼȻҪֻ֣ǲ붾һ˶ѡ
ЦûϵҵıҲ񲻵
ǿɲһХ˵ֱ꣬һ˦ֲǣ۳쫷У˹ȥ
һ׭ȥݺݵĳϣбķֱڷֱͬʱȴһȭ̺ź쫷˹׭ȻǿȴܵŶ
𣿵ǵȴ㹻ˡһ׵缤Щϣ͵졣
ҵҪжٷ׭һֱʹȥХͶҲ⡣ǽ׭ѣѵòķ׭һȭҪһţ伸ȭķ׭ûˣʱ򣬻ࡣ
뵽⣬˵ĹΪٴȼ˼ŷ׭˿ûֵͣӣ̲סһ䡣쵰֪ϰס˺۸ԼĴС̫Ҳ֪
ĵӰȴ͵ı˳ȥķ׭ȻһЩ˷ȥҲǰ취
ôˣô߰ɡЦ
ҡҡͷǣǲǾԼǴԲʵûϵȻҲʶһҵľǴԲʵ
ͿХһۡ漴Ͼ͹ЦĪһЦС˵ʲôǴԲʵ㵱ɵɣһȥ


310 ռ
ǣǵЦûмֶã˾ʹԭء㶵Ŀɬꡣǰ꣬һͷ˿Ĵһ緢֮СͬʱϢҲʼٶȣĺˮڵ˿ֲϢ£ܵĿռҲŤ
ͿХ͵ĿһĻ޷Ȼˡ
֮еķХڲϵļǿ˴߶ֵڶǰ꣬ȴΪǵϢ쫷綼ƿУܣȻѵõİ
ϵ䵽Ѩ֮У֮ʱ򣬺ϾܰԼʵ֮ڣǴԲȻ⡣
ϵεȣȻֻǽһ㣬ֲܱƣƽԼý飬ȥѹͿХˣżǿƣڣܲܵסˣ
̬öͿХɫ˳飬Ҳ֮ɫԭȻ࿴ǲûаͬȵĵλǵУⲻһЩֵСƨѡЩЩ档ǣҪĻһ
ǣܵѹƣԭӣʱҲʧĴ롣ڿʼ㡣ɣǰү̫⡣ʤ˸ߴϻһռХıˡʵﵽͬȵĵز
һһûǲӡ
ǲǿиɡХȻƲ٣ǻ͵һȭȥһȭԵ֮зХƵߣһȭһХԵž֮
һӡһᣬһſХȥ

һܵ¶ҲЩ½رǿܣȻѩɡ
Хȭͷͱһ𣬱һ޴죬ֲľܵ쫷ϯžײ֮ХʱҲȭͷȻʹ
ôҪ𣿡۾ſХ
ХͻȻЦʲôûƵϵ˵ӿЦողǺһ档ѹû˼ǺԲԣ棿
ʼ磺Ȼš
仰ûȺ쵰ҪǽţǾûˡ
ղ壡㺰һ䣬һζͿХûе˸һǣХͶŰ㵱ͬȵĶ֡
ߣûٹˣղȥ
Уȵ˳һɹɷɳӭſֲŬֵ
ϣôȣźϡ
ȣϹЦڵʵﵽԲԡҪƻǾ͵ƻòҪƻò㻹
ôȥʵ
ƲȣǲƲ󡣡˵ߡ
㿴ߣǱߵķɳΪ񱩿ֲüͷϣǱΪΣգȷҪǱߣ
ν˵ֻ֪ǱߣҪǲǱҲС
һ䣬ȴò߶ȥ
үңҰ㵲סЩɳղ㡣
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ղһڵӿųһռ䣬ǰȥ󣬾Ȼоһ˿ķɳǵصķɳղƿ֮ȻֲķɳȻܱ˿
үӿһ㲽ղ첽ϣԽ棬еķɳΪֲ
ղһȭȭֲ˱ƿһ·
߳Զľǰһ޴У֮Ƿɳɳ졣ۣղĲҲͣ۵ҲЩȻ׽ȥ
ү۵ʮֲֿһ˵ǿԽȥֻ㣬⡭ղԣҲֻܻסԼ
ЦЦ˵ղ岻ùҡȥС
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Ľջʩչźղһ̤С
۵㣬ʱоܶſֲǣԼ£ϵķ׭ʼһѡ
ղ壬һ㡣¼ֲ˶ãɴߴٵ
ղͷˣпٵļȥϵķ׭һѣ㲻ϵĶԼʩչŷ׭ʩչٶȣȴϲѵٶȡ
㣡ٿ㡣ҲЩģû뵽θӿһЩҲ˼־
ڿٵд壬·̲߹Ͼ룬ϵķ׭֪˶١
һֻ̤۵ʱϵķ׭ֻʣҡһ㣬Ǿͼֲˡ
ХôʱȴֶͿХ˺֮֮˳
һ䣬ǰ˵ںԽԽĬˡ
㿴Ǹۣǳ֮󣬾Ȼʧڷʧ˴ߣȻ첽߳ûһ˿գһ㶡
۲һֱڵģҲһһġϽ͵
㲻ɵһ䣺֪ҲЩʱˡ
ҪǲǿͻƣЩʱ۲һʧΪǿͻƣ·۲ƽʧġϽ͵
Ҳ⣬ŶͿХˣǴżЦ⣺һΪǻء
ʼ㶼û᲻á
ǳ˳飬һƨϵûСѾı˵᲻ۡ
һˣŲ߳ƬռȻղȡͼһ£һȥ
ҲͼˡϾطѾûб·ˡ
һ˶һȥһ·֪˶ԶڵһƫƧĵطƫƧĵطʯʯ鲼ڵ˵ߡ
벻ףҲһΣȥȡһҩĺ󣬲ûбķ֣ҴˡЩ̾˵
΢΢ЦЦĿܴղǰȥ
һ󣬶Ŵ΢֮ϸ΢֮͵ıһĿŶԷͬʱһӰٵķ򼲳۶ȥ



311 ׳
һ˼۶һ޴ʯУһɫֲУֲȫɺɫ׵۶ɣ׵紩壬׹Ϊɫֲ˼֮ɫ
Ӻɫֲϣһ׵缤ʯһ޴ĵɢļµϢҪѽеһн顣
ףϵ𣬴ż˷ܣСӺƷ֮еļƷס
ףɻʵȻоױĶҪֲǣ֪׵ʲôȻú϶ż˷ܡ
ף״̬һһӶϣкڹתԸдΪԵʣżԵЧƷûеƷֱúʶƷϣָϽ͵
Ŀ⿴ǰףȻһһڵҶϣһֲͬꡣҪϸֲˡ
ܵ׵磬ɲϵĿ񱩣񱩵ܣʯУʯͷ˲䱻Ƭһʯӳ֣ȿֲһΪ֮զ࣬ĵ׾ѣҲżֿ־塣
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ӣô㲻Ҫʲôװ𣿡վ˿Ҳ·Ҳ̲סһ䡣
㿴Щˣ¶׵İ¶޺ı飬ſХͶһõЦݣ˵ע֮УЩ˻δӦ֮ʣʯ֮Уûκη
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һ׵磬ͿХϣ˵ĲŬĵֵ׵ĹǵȻǴæǲǲҪһ಻ϵ׵繥ǣǵɫԽԽѿǵķڳһһ׵ϣ۵ֱ
۹ָ֮оǿٱǿ
Ҳǹ֮ˣȫסͷһЩ׵Լ塣׵ĺ£۵ֱҧ
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׷תʹСֽףһΣױʯа׵£˺֮С
һ׵ʯУһʯ˷ĩֲ׵磬ϣϵĺ£㳹ױǡ
ХͶһĻ˴ֱֱĿ㣬ǰһĻǲţʹĲ˲۾󣬲ʵ


312 Ƕ
ڶͿХǰһĻǵ顣ǰһ־źףֱֱףûκη񱩵׵ϣ˾γһһ׵װ
׵磬ûһ˿仯׵֮д壬Ϣʼ
˿һĻһʱ㣬һһ㣬ȫ׵ĵ׺һ˼ɫʡ
Χ߿㣬һǸоľѣˡһ֮Ȼܳ׵һ˺Ʒװ
ץŵףͿХһۣڵӿֱֲ˹ȥȻ˲ȡ˺ס
ЦЦ쳹ռ䣬Ц£һ׵׵׵ֱֱˣ׵֮ռ޲ݣ׵ǵһǵױɢ˱ĵɳȥӿһ˿ѪҺ
ûõģ֡˵ֻǾǣҲκεҡЦҪҪܣǡ
ƷŵƷѾɲʲô˺ˣת£һװ׵ɽȥӢϣһֿʼ𽥵ıǿת
Ӣǵֺ;ǵӣ͵һܵӿ֮Уֲӿ£ϳһӷķ׭
׭֮в֣Ž⣬׵磬׵类֮ǿȲϵӣеѪⱻ׵Ķ
׭һ治ת׵ͷ׭Ĵ£ת
ط׭壿ͿХǾ֮ɫϵķ׭ϹΪ֣ط׭ֻڴ˵мǣʱȴϣΪ塣
˶һۣ˶Է۾ľ塣޷㵽ǺֹȻõط׭Ϊ塣
Ҫǣط׭йϵô˵ǺϹŵǸؿֲйءѵ˵һǸѾʧʷеŹ
뵽⣬üͷ΢΢塣ǽӴĲҪһ㣬Ȼ֪Ǹ嵽жôֲʹѾʧʷĳУƬ½ǻŹļ岻١˵ģ˵ǵңֻӵһ˿ѪȴĿֲȻھǺܵ͵κһ嶼СǡңҾܾǰȥҽһǡ
⻹ֻңǸйصļ壬ǿֲ쳣һЩŷ츲֮ܡ
ҶݣͿХЩ˼顣˹ˣôһҶǸԸţһӵܣŸ֤Ŀء
ǣŸ߹Ѫͳļ壬ô䣬ҲȥһҶ뵽⣬˲ɵһ䣺ѵһƷõϹŴ˵ĴУ
뵽⣬˾úпܣֻܽ档
Ǻ˵һ䣬׵ֱʹã֪ˡиоѡæôãΪһ¶ѡ
ȻΣű׵ƣط׭ܱ߷㡣ȴֻܷ뵽ԱҲűﵮڷףʼȥôྫܲʲô
ЩڷԽһȻܽǱϾ̫鷳ҪǺԼʤҲʤڻ׵˵Ǽ䲻ġ
ղ壬ҪǶղһղ˵ͷվԶǣΪػ
£ĵסϢǷ֮Уһ֣Ӣǣǣʼ׳תͬһһתٶԽԽ󣬵׵ĳоԼӢǣǣǣʼıļͣ뵽У׵磬оԼڴҲϿʼĶȻȴʵڱá
ڱõͬʱҲڲϵ
ڲϵתӢڻѨԱߵĺֳ֣֣ȴ֡תͬʱͬƵģеͨޡ
ط׭ڴʱԽʱʱɴ֮С뵽УֵΪۺ;ɳһ쳣ǿǿҲ
Ȼֻ˽һţȴ֪Լ֮ҪԶԶǿ˵֮ǴľȣϣҪǿ̫ࡣ
𽥴ﵽ֮ͬϢҲǶ塣ղԱ߿ţоүĺܺˣ׶ãʵһǵõǣʱǣȴ̶ʱˡңƻڲϵ
ͬʱĺͽģССУоһС֡뵽Уʼ𽥵׳׳ͬʱһĿڣĿڳһ֡
ǣֽΪ֮Чǡ
һƵģתһ׵粻ϵĴУס׵ͬʱ׵ĵƷҲĴ򿪣ڵƷ򿪵ͬʱ׵ЧΪԣԭ׻˺ڵƷһ󣬺Ҳɲһ˺
˵ִᡣǵĴżǿЧڴ£ϵ׳ҲͬͬٶתһӶɢ
֮ͬо֮бǿһȭȥܰһжƵġ
еĺף㳹׵ɽȥҲƷҲһ룬ڶͷתһӵд׵糹׸ɣԭ׹˸㡣ʱϵ׹Ҳʧָ
ĸͨ޵֣תһɹȵӿС
һףǰ룬һǴﵽǵĶ壬оǵĴڣƷˣҪﵽǾͲˣҪҪʱȥ
΢΢̽һǿȣԼҲǿ˲١˵ȥɵ塣뵽⣬Щ˷Ҫɵ壬Ǻεһ羰


313 
үղվȫϢٴλعڣǰһ񡣶㣬ղǴ۹ǰˣ˽ԽԽ˭ܰط׭
ղ壡ǵȥˣղ޿ХͶһȺˡ
ȥĵطˣүҪҪȥǣղ㡣
ҡҡͷܲá
룬ǽҲȲѣڵõԼҪģȻжԶԶˡ
㣡׼ȻյˡǾȥȡһôȥˣӦֳˡϵͻȻԺ
ʲôɻʵ֪ȴ֪жܳ
鵤õ𣿡ͻȻ㡣дżаȡ
۾һѵ鵤
û鵤鵤ϲϺٺЦ
Ķ漸£ƾ鵤ŽĴһӡѵϻҵһžͳΪ֮ĵҩҪ˵Ļðٷչ
ķ׭ʹĴйðЩʵԷٵĳ̶ķ׭ʹĹϣȻһЧȻǿȲǿҲֻεƷס
ǾˣҲЩ츳ʵİ󣬾ж̶ʱﵽ֮ġ
ȻҲķ׭ķ׭ϴĴй֮£ŷǷЧǴﵽЧʹˡȻʱʵ˲٣ҲΣﵽ죬ľ硣
֮ʱ䣬ǿǣ֮ȴٵĿҪо֮Ĳ룬Ŀʼܿٵڵ۹
СӵΡεǲʵ֡ϺٺٵЦ
ôʵ֣ʵ
ϺٺٵЦһһһλѸҩϼֶƳһֵҩⵤҩϴ跥ǵЧⵤҩλ츳ĵõġ֮츳һɡЩ鵤ߡҪҲõĻлͻƵ֮ø𣿡
һ㶣᲻áЩԭΪ鵤Եʣʵһֻܴﵽʮ졣ⶫһΣﵽǣҪٽһȴѡ룬᲻øáϾǴﵽֻǰ棬Щ츳¥֮ˣȴܴﵽߵĲΡ
ⶫҪǷŵȥϺٺЦȻûƳɵҩƾⶫҲӵͷˡⶫмСҪȻҲȡˡ
ȻҪõĻȻǰӵЧ˵
ϺٺЦѵˣ㻹ȡҩƵҩ
ûлش𣬶ѯʺںϵĴ·£һ򼲳۶ȥٶʮ֮졣ʵﵽǶ֮󣬹Ȼǿ˲٣ٶϾܿ
ڸϵһǰһ޴ʯڸס·Ͽʯ˵俪档ʯھǵ˷֣Եġ
̫˽ˡһԭͬˡ
з̰֮ڵӿһȭʯں˹ȥһͬʱʯҲżѷ졣⼫ѷ죬ٴһȭ˹ȥ
õûٰʮȭ䲻ʯڡѵ
˭ҪٰʮȭˡҾһȭ㹻ˡ˵
ţϾ棬뿴㵽ʲô취һȭܺ俪ʯڡ
ںϵɻУͻȻղ˵ղ壬ǿһȭ俪
ϵһ䣬ûбߣΪʲô취ԭİ취
ղȻ֪Ժлͺ˵ŻĪĶһʯڷйҪѼ䡣ǻûڣȴҪֺʯڣղΣֻȫֱϣһȭʯں˹ȥ
һȭȥʯڷֱһʯʼĴ䡣ԭʯ󣬳һ޴ĶѨѨ֮Уֲдʯ֮ȥӳ¶ˮɢŹâ
Ŀһ֮󣬹ȻһϣɫĹӡɵˮʮˡ
ϣ𣿡ʵɢĵ㣬ȷʵΪ泩



314 
㣡СЩٴ̣ȥЩȡˡ벻ô곤ôࡣҲЩ˷ܣȡʱ򣬿ɱȲڡ
֮ϣӣĿһ£Ӧòڰٿš
Сժȥϵ̺Ƶģͬʱ˹Ͻܿ
ɢ̣ȡذףذһӣһժͬʱһԼС֣ɢϢ͸ſҧһһڣʮζͬʱйɹӿ뵽֮Уϴ塣ȻϴԾ״˵ʲôǶߣһܴܺô
ղ̲ס˵ȴδ֪ҩһʹãЧӣҲֻΪ֮ˡ
ղ壬ζҪҪţղ
ղǳ鴤£ûôܼңʹҡҡͷүˡ
ղˣνʼ磬ĵԼҪڸģɱ˵С
һ㿪ʼղһժȡٴȻЩ鷳˵ʵ£ȴҲκβˣֻժȡٶЩѡ
˲ʱ䣬ղŰЩȫժȡϡȫժȡ֮㿴˿ܣҵһʯ󣬺ղһ֣ѾʯƶڣѶڷס
϶뵽㣬ԼҪǲ˼
ڰѶڷס֮󣬺ϵ𣺡ȻٴȥһطһҩĸȡˡȻ֪ҩÿŵƳ
ҵģ۾һź˵
ͿҲȥ˵
ϸҴҾ͸ȥش
ǾУղȻȥҴȥ˵
ţɻʵһ֮ߣǸ𣿡
ϺٺٵЦĿǵط˵һ֮ȥʮҲá֮ĳ֣Щ⡣õİ취һǱȥ
һ仰ɫ˱䣬һʵϣ⵽ʲôطȻ֮ˣ
ٺ٣ȱʲôطȥȥ˵
ȥΪʲôȥһҧ˵Ϊ˰ҲҪðգź˵ĵҩڰһȺǿ߳
ղ壡Ȼȥһе顣ղ˵
ղɻ㣺үѾõˣҪʲôХͶһǺ޲ʰ㣬㻹صǵĺá
ҡҡͷղȻȥХͶڻκβҡһЩ飬㲻̫㡣
ղô˵εĵͷֻߵķ̲סüǸһֱ߹ȥȺĵطȥҪǱֵĻǡ
ղҪ㼸䣬ȴӰ̶ʱʧУֻη
ղ뿪׼뿪ȴϤأǼһﲻǱ׵ʬ޴˰ɣ
ղתͷͿХЦӭ϶Ц⣬˿ûбһƣղɻѡ
ү࣬Ȼͬλ˵ղ˵ǲЩˣȻƣԼִҪܵĻҲס
ôˣȷʵ뿴㣬С̫ˣ֪£ʵʲôΡһǿȣﵽ֮Ӧòɡ
ղ˵Ǳ⣬˵´үǵʱʵѾˡ
һ仰˴㵣죬ҲܴӾֱӳǡǽһΣͻȻǵǴԲľ磬־úпܷһ̫ˡ
ֻץףʵĪط׭壬ǰδġ
뵽һεõĶְǵʵҲܽһαǡǲõˣ
ǣղûˣ˹˹֣ӰԶȥ
ͿХ¿̲סʵүҪҪסǣ
סһ֮ҪõĻĴҲСοˣɱ֪ôǲİӡһԼ¡
ߵ֮ͷʵǿһҪҲס
治֪׺СʲôϵȻų֮һҶ¡˵ȥšǣȴʵУں׳ǰ˵飬Ҳ֪Ǽ١Х̾һѵԺľӣҪһΪĹӲɣ
룬СӲֶλʵǡҪǣǱһһѡӣÿһһΣҪǴȥ֪һʲôزֻɺεģ
ҡҡͷԺеųȥȻ˭벻ֻץסǣȴʵ
˵һĸҪˡһһûãˡХͻȻЦ
ǰҵĹӣھҲˡ棬Ե쳹ǡ֪ں׳ǵܵ͵Ҳûʲô񼣡ʱͻȻһ̬ˣҪ˵ⲻģҶšһҲֶεһꡣһΪҶҵõǸλüõС֪Ǹ۹Ҷ˼ŮУҶҾǵ̻ᣬҪʱ࿹Ҳ˵Ȼйһ飬Ҷ˼һ顣
ٺ٣˵ߴϻС׷Ҷ˼ЩڵûȥμǸˣҵ뿴ʲôľˣøߴϻҲۡХȻһЦ
˵ҵǾãһȦӵģ㡣棬ĶѾˣԺȡ֣ҲҪڡȫΪҶ̻Ὺ·СҲˣĻҪǵһ˭֪ĹϵһһѾ൱ˡ
Х˵һȷʵһУټıҪԸѡҵǣǻûʲôͻǲúҵи뷨֪ԸԸҺ
ʲô취
ٺ٣ߴϻ۲ϲҶ˼϶нǿ֣øߴϻۺ㶷ܿҪܱߴϻ۶ãܾҲߴϻ̫õİ취˺СХȻЦ
룬漴ͷУǾô졣


315 ǽ
ͺһ·ۣ·;һƥ󣬻˵ĿĵأǴֱ鲼Ҳ֪˶ãһȣʮִһۿͷܱɽƣȾԭһ㣬д̡Ͽȱ鲼ʮָӡӴɽϿ£˵θӵϿȣߵУ᲻·
ˡ˵룬һֹʵҪġ
˵ͷƥߣӴɽ¡
Сһ㣬ǵĵ̣Ҫ˵ҲΪ߼ԼƷǣпܳ𾪶Ǿû£ǣ͵ű׷ɱɡѵ
ǣ㵹׺˵ģ֮ҲﲻʲôæˡҪǵģеǿߺ֮֮࣬㲻ʲô뵽ǣ㲻뵽ǿĿֲһ֮ӲƷǡ뵽ǸŮ˵ľˣ岻ЩȣһεĲ࣬ȷʵ˻ζ
ֻŮһϦ֮ԵͲˣһΣˡ
ЩСȥźϴ·Ȼӡȴߵļ졣·;еĵһЩ͵ȵǣҪȴѡһ·ۣȻߵĿ죬̫㻹üǰ汼۶ȥ
СһЩûѾˡѵ
ͷСĵǰƶƾͺϵĺһ·оգ˴һľ룬ϲ˵ѾλˣұתһһСϿȣϿȵʯѷУŹʵСһЩȡ
պϵĻʼźȥںŲˮЩϢʮֲֿ˿㡣Ǵ˾񣬲Ƿ֡
ﵽϿȣϿȵʯУȻһѷ죬ѷ첻ֻһֻ֣ѷ֮ĿռȴС̽ͷȥŲССĹʵʵͬһֻ¶ֿ
ȡߡﲻܾô·ʱǾұ֣׷ɱ˺ܾá㡣
仰ӿϿ֮УһЩʵУ漴ָСһظľٶڲ֪ȡ˶ٺ󣬸׼ٴϯͬʱͻȻѵߣЩ㹻ˡҪˡ
ϵĻ㵱ϣЩĹʵ͵ʧϿС
ǴһһӰϿȣ˫ͫɻĿ˿ոյӰҲҲ֮󣬻˻ͷΪԼۻˣͼǰߡ
һֻûзһŵļϿһ뿪
ϣǵҪʲôҩһȥȡ˾ǡź˵
ãλҩ˵ֻҪһЩӾǡ
ô˵һֻҵҩ𣿡
԰ɡϴεĿػҲʶʮֲ˵治֪СôôĶϹ֮Ͳ˵ˣٶĿػ֮ܵõ
ȻһЦĴУĽġ
仰úϳĬһ֮˵ҪǻģֿܡǻĴѪϹ֮ʧһɶˡڵĻѪѾˡЩųĻѪҲԼԼѡѪ󡣡
仰ΪȻãѪҺģǾƾѪҺӵлѪΪѪҺǻύڵģѪɱ䡣
ϲţʲô취Լ˵ʵ㶼ţԺԼýˡ
ЦЦԸšȫ屻˽һôҲӵĴСǺϾãĻѪ֮ӦúŨҪȻҲô档
뵽ѪŨ񣬺ϲ뵽һطǸһѪ֮ΪŨ񣬸ǲʩչְ취ѪųӽңǸڴ½ȷʵƿֲĴڡֻҲֻӽȴ˵ǻ塣
ͺһ·˵Ц첽ߣûú㷢ܵǼĶࡣһֻֻ֮ѲƵģʲô¶ɫͷһѵ˲ɣ
ϣЩͻȻô࣬ǰɣźϡ
ҡҡͷӦòǣʵȻӲ٣Ǹ֪ȴǿûǷǡأб壬ǴģѰҰɡ
һ䣬Ǹ쵰£ȻԼжҲ㡣
ҵطһ㡣ģѰң˴¡ʵǷ֣ҪȻʮ˵
˵ͷӰһϿȴ˹ȥһصĵط㻹ûжãͷһһ̽˹ĵŭһϽһ뿪иǾ壬ǻ׼߲ɣȻôϸǸһôˣöԷļǺޡ
ĵ׷̰˼Էץ˺㿪ʼСһطšǣԽߣԽܼԽϸ
ϣЩǸʲôôϸǲزסŵĵ˵Ѱ£ûɵ
ߡҴȥһ˵֤ûȥ
ɣǼĵֻܿٵȥܿһӶѰǡЩңҺúֲܱܿҪȻԼʵѾԷˡ
󡣡ͻȻż˷ܣ˷ɻѣʲôúϹﶼ˷ܳ
һ·󣬷ߵǸࡣ㻳ɵʵϣ㲻˵û𣿡
ûط֮ûˡ
ֻܼպ˵ߣǲ޵Ѱȴڷ϶洩岻ϡС˲Զ㵽һ磬羧Ө͸㵲档֮Ѳߣǽ֮ȴûһֻС
۾һ벻нܵסǣϣʲôط
ԭҲֻһʣǺһ仰û̱ڵϣǵĽء
дѹ˵ûˣܵ˼ҽҪǱ֣ƤػŽصǣоǺ⡣


316 ʯѷ
ϣ㲻ҰɣǽأҪǱ֪ˣǻᱻε㲻޷̰˵
ٺ٣ϺٺٵЦҪȥ棬ܱ֤𣿡
һ仰㵣ŵߵǣҪ棬Ҳز˶á뵽⣬һҧź˵ôƿ磿
Ҿ֪Сӻѡ񡣡ϺȻһЦҲ˵ķϻǶԭӨĽ绺ѿһӣһӳ֡
ȥҵֲ̫áԺм˵ҲٵĴС
Ҳ׾ͱƿ̲סֹһ仰ûбߡҪ֪ƿİ취ܽ磬ǳԪ֮ҲƲ
أϾ̲ס˷ǵĽأҲҽȴΪЩҲûȴûлȥ˴εǽˡ
Ӱ͵һתܿ˽С
ǽأھ̲֮ס˷ܣϾĽأ˵ʲôУҪܵõһĻһôˬ顣
ǵĽһϿȣʮֺãḷ̌һ֮󣬿һ޴ʯʯ鲼пŷͼЩʯһۿȥľһһۿͷ
ʯȺУ˵СһЩЩʯ겨
ںϸո˵ʱܱߵʯͻȻâɹɹâ룬۳һǣֻɫȫſֲƣѹ㡣
һֻ۵Ȼǲҵʵڴʱ˵ûһ˿в
һ˹ȥֻ۵ϣ˲䱻ķֱɢ䣬ʧ֮СԭʯʱҲѿ˼ѷ졣
ʯѿѷ죬Ҳûзϣǰȥ
ǰȥʯһ۳һֻֻǵģ֮סȥ·ҵǣЩǵʵǺǿ׵ıʰˡֻÿɢЩʯѿһѷ졣
Խ棬۵Ҳǿڳľ֮ǡ
һ·ɢЩǣڱǰһֻʯڱſֲ۳ɵǵסȥ·ֻǺǲͬǣȻܿ˵࣬ĽأȥҪ
㵣Ժн͵ǵĲлµʶСһЩһȻǽۣ֮
ûжķϻһȭֱֱֻǺ˹ȥ֮Ȼ߳һȼȴҲϣ״ԶԶƽܱġǣҲġ
һȭ˹ȥǶһ˲˼֣ȴ˿ȻǻҪǿϼ֡Ҫ˵ȥû˸š
۵ǣ־ʲôȥ
ȭͷȥͬʱһ׵£ֲ׵ȭͷͬʱϣȫƾεסıɢʯѿѷͬʱҲɢС
ɢЩǣ̲סźϣϣΪʲôƾûȴֲܱʵȴÿҪҵ壬ſֲɱ
ЩʯһһǣǺҲͬҵȻֲûΪ屬ӲϻشϧСǿȻУ̫ܳҪȻأҲСˡֱӴˡ
ϵĻѡԵӡǰȥֻǺ󣬷ԼǶࡣڽһֻǶǺǰߵٶȾˡǰֵǸӵǿȻǲ۶ɵģʵǿ̫࣬㻹ǵס
㾡ǰ߾ǡʵڲУҵϼСЩߴٵ˵Ҳ֪ǵĽأʲôö
㻹δǰʯϻ۳һֻǣǰֻʵﵽ֮һΣĵɳȥؿЩѪľ֮һ֮Ĳࡣ
ϣһϡ
һֻ֮Լǡҵô̫ϧˡ
ϵĻشЩûոջ˵Խȴ˵Է̫
һǰǵûжٿ־塣ǣǱϾǣǣ׾˲٣ҲɵĶࡣֻϾԼȼԼ㲻ԳʰЩ鷳
ȡӿǾʩչһ۳һ⣬ǣ֮ռŤɢƣһȥҪһС
Ǽ״۵ķצӣӭȥһ𣬱һ죬ҲԷɢʱҲ໽һ˹צ֮ռŤһ׵˳ȥֱֱĺͶԷһ׵£צӱһ롣
ǵĹƱס׵һ˹ȥɵǣ׵֮Ч
ֻ׵ֳ֮ĶҲСȻ˵ûǽ㵣⣬׵֮ͬʱ⺮ʩչһϷ⺮Ǵ˹ȥ
ͬʱȥǵסȴֵ׾Ǹ޷һ롣Уڵ͵Ĺ䵽֮С漴֮͵ıըѿ
ըԭɵǸסɢΪ֮һҲֵס㣬£׽˼ѿ϶ʯڡ
֮ǽʮֿݣ룬Ҫǣûôý
ϣȷǲᷢ𣿶Ҵֳô󶯾ҪǾô죿źϡ
ģСôԶߡҪ˼ɣֱ׵֮ǣʰЧѵ



317 Ʒ
һ·߹ȥ۵ǹ㡣ӦЩʱǿߵλá
ҺʯǵֻһƲл꣬ҪȻ治ߵ϶˵
˵ͷ漸ֲֻ̫ϵˡȻ⼸ֻǣҲڵʯȺ롣ǰһ޴ļ̨̨̨żĽӣ⼸ſŷͼŹתһɹǿϢб
ЩϢӹӵļ̨ɹӼ̨£̨ܣĹתһȴľ󣬶Щ֮УеײΪ֮ľ
ڼ̨֮ϣ߰˿ɢŽƷڼ̨ϿУһѹΪ֮ηֵϢӶϢһҪλĻûλò
ƷҲһڣż̨ɢŵƷ͵Ĵӽָ֮иֳվΧдżֳȣƷƷǻƷǣںһȼնɵдáıͼǵĲⶫ²ٺ٣Ǳͼܲ
ͬ𺳵ЩѣƷȫɵⶫȾͲ˵ˡ˵ͼõĵеĵ֮УҲһֿƿֲĵҩǾС
СЧ⣬ҽ׹ǡȻֻСһЧҪһС԰˵ʵֲĲΣȻеĵû˵룬Ԫ֮⡣
ҪǣСʥƷ鵤һк֢ϴ軮ǵãֻҪܳСҩԺҲ°빦Ȼʱ㻹Ʋı
û뵽챦ȻƲˣվһƵġ
Ϊ֮ʱ򣬺ͻȻ˵һ䣺Ʒ
һ仰һ㶣̧ͷֻԭĻƷ룬һɫеĻƷĤƵģɹɻǰȻûһ˿󣬶ֵͬʱһɺɨ°İϢӿ·ϵΨҶƵġ
Ȼ̳Զһ̣ҲоһĪļ£ļ㵹ҧĵֵƣǡ۶ͬʱϢİȻ͵˳ȥͬƵģһɾִбԭֲϢ˼̳֮С
һĻͺϸǹŹֵĿһۡ޷һĴڣô㣿ϺϾͻΪʥŶǶԷܵˡ
Ȼɻ󣬵ǻʵϣƷôѵ˵֮УŵƷѪ
ϵ˵ͷ˶ֻ֪ѪǻƷѪ˵ǵĻߣȴ֪֮ϣһѪǵƷѪѪĴڣһ壬ٵĿڵʱ򣬺һֻƷѪǽֹһҲֻʤ
һ仰զࡣʶƷѪǵ㣬Ȼ֪ƷѪôֲֻû뵽ϾȻʤһаʽϵ꣬ǿֵز
ƷѪһ㶼ǵȺС׳֮⣬ԼǣǷ֧ѡǣ벻ǣȻһŵƷզ࣬ȻҲʮɻ
㿴ſֲƵļ̨ŵĵʵϣȻлǵꡣҪȡҲȡҵʵܿą̇̄Ǿ㳯Ԫ֮ǰκβˡѹôġ
ϹЦȷʵκβˣ㻹ʲôʥŶѹЧЩȻֲǰеѹסȡᡣ
һ仰һ㶣ڵĹŶ˵ͷӡٵĽϼ״ϽָУڵ״ŶҪŶɷ˵ҲѹˣǾͿ޶ûп޴ˡ
ӡͬʱŶҲĴѪ֮иֳġڹŶĵһǣ͸оԼٶ˲١ڹŶ۵Ǹ󷢻ӵЧҲͲˡ
һסŶѹŶϸ̨㲢֪ùŶֻǹŶԷľٶϣŶЩѹЩ
Ŷϼ̨ոյ̨ԵһȵͳŶȥעУŶҲ͵ı󣬱ת޴ĹŶת£ɺȫɡ
Ŷûзһ˿ŶУŶ͵ļۣ뵽̨롣
̨룬̨ܵƵģһ۴Ӽֲ̨ռ䳹Ťһɹ쫷缤ĽƹƺҪᴩƵģЩƹâ֮УһɫУɫΪͷԽɫΪ۳һֻɴСǡֻһ֣ռͱӿһɰԵƣƳ£ռΪ֮ݣƸǼ̨ŹŶѹȥ
㿴һĻ̲סզ࣬Ҫȥһ˲ͱշ⡣ƣԶԶܿġ
񱩵Ϣ̨УĿתĿеĹŶȻŶʶܶˣ£ûĹŶѹ֮еꡣ
䡭
һ첻Һǽģ֮һξ룬ҪȻƾԾǡʹżԶľ룬㻹̲סƣѱᾪǡ
䡭
һ죬ĪշѹŶȥŶ͵ıʮɴСĪƾȻ˶Уڶը˿ûӰŶ
䣡䡭
һŶǶŶɡɱôֲŶ˿ֱֱաһǿǿ˼
໡
Ǳһɹռ䱻շѹķ飬˷ŹŶȥ˷ڣŶеһҳСһᱻ˸顣ʵǣοֲŶ˿
ĹŶʱ̲ס̾޷ô㡣ҪǴȥҪ׷ɱˡ
ص˶ɫ͵עӣȣ֪ʱ


318 
۵ľ޴ǣƺҲ֪κβ˹ŶһŭУˡֲϢצӺɨȥ˹죬ռƺҪضΪ֮˺Ƶġ
֮ƵĹɫأȭͷţĿֱֱĶŹŶҪǹŶסЩ붼롣
顭
һ죬̨âǣŶٴαԭֻʮɵĹŶȻ̨Сڼ̨֮ϣѹЧǺŶ£һˣŶա
ڵסԭһֱûжĹŶͻȻȥӹŶϱһɹϢŶ֮âڹŶ֮ϣһ޴ķ׭׭һԭ䱩ŰķХƬ̾Ͱɫķ׭һâᴩأ׭֮׵ѹǵƣʹǵƷƣҲױѹ
ط׭ѹŵĿǰĹŶͻȻ֣ƺСŶŶȻıط׭
˿ֲط׭˵ǵһμǣÿһγ֣꣬Ǳƣط׭֮ŰԼŪⷬģ
ط׭һշƱãԭҫǣʱҲΡΡط׭Ƴѹԭӿȥط׭ʧһɶ
Ŷ֮ϵط׭Ǽȥط׭ǰȥһֻϾͱȫƣзôܱһ⡣
໡໡
໽вϣȲӣһɹϯܣܵ׵Ļ飬쫷գһ
ⲻϵѹԭϰɵǣСҲԽԽС¶ʵɫ󱻹Ŷ˽ȥԭŭĿռ䣬Ƭ̾ͻָƽڼ̨ϵʱҲ䵽Ŷ֮С
ŶıСƴСġŶ֮УСȻʵҴʱȡЩֻùŶѹС
ȡЩӰһ䵽˼̨֮ϣڼ̨롣ⱦⱦ룬Ʒš
һۿȥϣɢŨҩĵҩŹת鱾ŲתС潥ǷƷΪ֮ǣϾȻɰľ
ĵ˷֮ɰľ׭ľƷⶫﵽ֮Ҳû׭Ĳˡң̨֮ϣɰľ֮ࡣ
һԵɨָУеĵҩǸĵرɨСеÿһֶĵ𶯣㶼ľˡֻº˵һƷ
㣡Щû׵İҶģµļʱڣᵽ֮˷ܵ˵Ͼóȥ֮󣬾׼ŸƷȥ壬ʵ
û뵽̨֮УȻ͹ǵУĺõҩʱ򣬶ûֵҩʹá
ɨȥĿⶢһϣоȻţһ֮ϣеĶ룬ÿ֪м
㿴У׼һȭ飬ȴֹȱҶȻڼ̨룬ΪҪһȭ飬С𻵵еƷʱ
ϵĻϽֹԼľٶȻһЦǺܵ
˵ָ꣬СǣⶫȻ˷Ϊ֮㵣û뷨ռĶ
ϣղźϡ
ϳǰ۾ĶǰУᱻջȥĶҲ֮ϼġҵЩ⣬Ҳսȥѵǵ߸ߵģ
һ仰۾һҲ롣бסĶоһϲ
ǣ㱧еʱԭļ̨Ȼʼҡ
ͺһ㶣漴һۣغ̨ĵУ
ǲ֮ɫԭΪƷ̨Ķǣû뵽вġһȡУ̨ҪΪ֮ݡ
һŷ֣Сеļֵѵ˵ƷΪ˾ػѹУ
ͷֻһ룬;üΪֲô
ǣʱ㿼ǵĻᣬ̨ʼҡ̨һʯ£ܡ
㣡ߣҪǻ㣬Ҫˡ
ϵĻٵ漲۶ȥ̨ϣһʯĵڼ̨ϣʯڶʮֲֿ
ܿܰҳľ޴ʯ̨ʼѣһ޴ѷѿ˶Ҫѷ֮С˾޴ļ̨У͸оԵüС̨ܱܿɡ
߿ܡϺ
첽ȥոߺұ߾ͳһ޴ѷ죬ͬʱ޴ʯ£ʯ
Ҵܣϵż̨ȥںϵǿ֪£űܿ˵Σգﵽ˼̨ıԵ
ﵽ̨Եһľʯźݺݵ˹ȥĵɳ̨⡣ֻĽűʹѡ
뿪̨ûжą̃Ȼһ쳹յľ͵һ£ԭ׳۹ӵ̨˲Ϊ棬Ļҳ
ڼ̨ĵ£ԭʯȻʼѿһ鿪ʼ
һĻɫ䣬ȻҲеϾԣ󺰵㣬ܡҪˡ
Ȼ֪˼ҵļ̨ˣҪٲֲŹˡ
ٵһ˹ȥһ·֮ϣԭͬľʯڣʼĵ
鵹ʯڣϺȻһЦһΣҪˡЩʯڣڵλǼ̨ǻߵߵλȴȫٵˡ
ϻ˼ֻ̲סŭһϣ취ȥɡҪˣص𣿡
ЦЦȴϾȥ׶а⣬꣬Ҳǵͽһֻ̨Ūˣĵ̣Ҳ벻ʲôõİ취
ҪڣֱӴȥǡڣֻܽŵΣٵˡ㣬úҲЩ壬£벻һ֧ȴ


319 һ
һ·۶д˭뵽һνأȻ˼ҵļ̨Ūˡ㶼뵽ҪǱץסαʬ
ñǣǵıӪҪӶѡ
ģĵŭǲȴ˿ٵ漤ȥ
㼤ȥͬʱȵģŭ֮쳹գȺ׵ıǽطӵȺ׵ıŭһֻֻޱȡ
ڰϢĵطƽǶȥšǣǿĽͻȻˣѣֻһܣǾǽصļ̨ˡ
βǾ֣ԼĻڷĹȻˡ
ǽ֮쳹գΧ㣬Щ֮亹Ǻ֮У㼸ֻǰΧ
ȻҲû뵽ЩȺ˷ıߣŵ֮ɫ㣡죬ܡ
һҧ˵ͷʹ£߼۶ȥٶȿ쵽˼¡ΪѹԵʣٶȱҪϲ١
㣡ϼٵ˵㣬ûʱˡ
ſ£ϵȫӿ뵽֮УϢʼٶҲıǣٶȣͺϻǾòϵɲϵӿ롣
ʵȻ࣬ںǿ£ɸоԼǿȲǿƺҪűƵġ
죡ϵԺ𣬶ȻҲ֣Լ֡Ⱥ׷Ǳڡ㲻һͷǽ󣬾֪εơ
໣໽УֲƳоܵ˹ƵģڵѪҺת˳תŵѹѪҺӿǰ漲۵ʱǰ֪ܳǵǰֻ˹ȥצɢֲ⣬ֱҪ
һ⺮һֻ֮Ȼ£Ǵʱ˵ʱһ˲ΧȦ֮С
ŭ㣬⺮ʹ¡źĹ䣬ķ⺮ε֮ǿһ⺮˪֣⺮ֱֱĺ֮ϣһֻ߼ǣȻıᣬֱֱĵա
ֻȻ׾ٵĽȴһ̡һ֮䣬һֻǵǰֻϡơ
ܵҪʯշѹķƣͷһղദôáȻ֪֮ơһû뵽ô˸߼׷
ֻǵס㣬໽һ˷ӿΧ롣ԭ໽еǣʱ򶼰ǰֻǣһ߰㣬Ӹµע㡣
࣡Ѽ̨ϵн˫ͫ㣬һȻ˵УǵĻԼƷ
ʲôУҲ֪˵ʲôʸڷϡ
ѶҪȻ¶ײеֱֱĶ㣬֮ɫϯµʯͷշѹķ顣
Ǹ治֪˵ʲô޹Ĵӽָȡõ˹ʵ˵ֻϿȡһ㶫ѡ㲻ΪǵĽأһССܽȥɡ
Ƕ㣬ײвȴҲɻǰʵ١Ҫƿ綼ѣ̸ƿлƷ͵Ʒѹǣȴֻܳ
ô㶼Ҫ벻ͨҲͲˡ˾ģһҪǰɱˣأǾ͵
һҲܷŹԼͬʱⶼΧǡҧݣҪҲɱᡣ
һʮΡİΧ£㳯Ԫ֮Ӳȥʵ룡Ͼǵʶ֮һǺεȿֲοԴԴϵ
˻ƷԼƷҪ˵ûиǿǣšǻƷǶ٣Ȼ֪Ϊʲôû֡룬Ҫ֪Լƻ˼̳õԼУҲס
Ĵڣ޷жǿƵġ뵽⣬̲סһ䡣ĵҲǣûȥʲôأסջ󡣺ѵ֪˾ڵջ
֮ע㣬ƺɨܱߵľɨĸɸɾ
ߣһ㵱֮Ҿ𣿱ҶȰᡣ
ҲԺˣзݣϵٴӿԺ֮Уʵ㾫֮ʱ򣬾ܰʵǴԲʵļȻϴﵽ֮Щѣļ£Ҳܳס
һ£ƺɨȥǵƶһ֮ϯ쫷䣬ڵϣɳǵأռ䡣
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û֣һ־һ׵磬źϵ㱬׵췣˺ѿռ䣬ֱֱԷצӡ
໡
׵ΪΪ񱩰ԵǸǾ֣׵צϣ໽һ͵ĵ˳ȥżɵЩޣ췣֮Ǽɵ
ӡ᲻ϴһ׵Ǽ۶ȥܼ׵£ǰΧСǱһɹЩ׵һ
⺮
׵繥ǵʱһ⺮ҲǣӦȻܿķ⺮͵໽֪κβҲԼ㹥
ģǰ̵һһ໽СĲɱЩǸǱѪȸ̼ϵη
ȺİΧ֮УɨȺҲϵļŸ㣬ȺֱצҧȫûȺĹ֮С
ɱ£Ȼɱ˲ֻ޾Ⱥ£ɱֻ㲻ʲôĹ£㽥ЩģֱҲȺץ˼£¶Ѫۣ
ȥҪ˺ѡ



320 ټ
Ƕ㣬д֮ɫ׵䣬㡣ʵ治κε㡣ǣȺУʵٷҲֻб˺ķݡ
໣Ⱥ໽вϣ˹ȥצֻץҪһֳֽһֲܣѪҺȾƬأѪζǴ̼Ⱥ
ϣѾãѪҺմȫ֪ǵģԼġֱۺϣżĿĵץۣѪҺӿ֮ǣЩ˿ڣһɹʹһڿ
䡭ֵȺùʱڲԶգϼһƬһƬҵײ֮쳹գâᴩأֲƴϼбϯÿռŤճһ޴ĿռС
һ죬ЩȺĹ˶١ȴ֪ʲôԵʣŭһЩٴ˹ȥ
յĶһˣľɲϵ貵ĹâвȺ۵Ʋޱ޼ʵѹӴӿƼʹڵֵȺҲܸܵĵ
ȻҲû˼ڽ߾ȫĵֵȺĹ
֮ϣһߵľ첻ϵӶһաĴУӰʼС
УֻΧһӰֱֲӰֱԵĻޱ޼ʵɢţֻɫľ޴ҪضƵġƿֲ
ĵ׾û뵽ȻֻƷǣһΧһˡȻеӰǿ룬һ˵סֻǣǺεȵĿֲ
һŭ֮ϵıƷǵľ޴գһ˳£ʹ㶼оĤ𶯡
ߣɱһֻǣɱڶֻһ使дޱߵѹ֮䣬һɨֻƷǵĹסһİԵ£һЩǲΡΡ
ôϤһ㶣뵽Ůˡһ׵ɨȥߵǵסͬʱһ׵ֱͷǡ
׵ֱȥƷƺоɹ˫֮ͫЦһŲмһͰ׵絲סƷǼȻ˲̲סͷȥǰѶԷΧסһࡣߣѾŲǵʬ塣
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Ҳ룬˭һС׵ȥǡǵǵӰʱ͵һ𣬿ŻƷǹһһ𣬱һ죬ռΪ֮ݡ
ߣѵɱһСС඼ɱ𣿡ƷǼȻסĹǲмͬʱһٴδ
ҲϻӰ͵ֱ˦ѶԷֱֱĳ㡣ʱ㣬סһֱǣֻצӲŻʹ
䵽ߣץסֱۣͬʱޱߵƴб˷Ⱥȥⷬ£ȺױƷԭӵȺȻɨһټĿռ䣬ڿռоֻˡ
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֪Ծ֪Σգ̲סˡſں
һ仰ЦûΪϷʲô仯ȻĻΪԼڵ֮ǰ֪
ţֻʼЦŶϵֻƷǣĵ׾ȲѡŮ˵ʵƺֱȻӦƷǡ
ƺ֪ʲô΢΢ЦЦ˵ǵķӡˣʵ
۾һ˵ܶĹƷǣ
ʤҪҲѡ
ҪǱʱ˵仰𺳵ľʵˡϾƷǿĻߣȻ˵ﵽ𡣿Ҳǰġǿߣ㳯Ԫ֮ҲǶ֡Ӳ֪Ŀֲˡ
ڵǣҪܲ˶ԷôӳȥҪǣǵĵ̣ЩȺֻ֮ǵʵҪǣһܵס
İɣһ뿪ġֱ۵Ѫۣ˵ǺֵǣʲôʵȫѰ
㻹ûлشǾߵֻƷǵĶ棺£ѽظϵˣж̨ݡ
һ仰ֻεɫ͵ץסǵë׺ݵĺȵ˵ʲô
սսѻظһ飺£۵ȡˡм̨ϵС
ܣֻƷŭǿǸ̳ǿȥƿƿӸոյĴԷǿҲв϶ѡ
ڵϣ˿ͣΡΡ
Ҳ˫㣬û뵽Ȼ˴󵨣Ȼ˼ҵļ̳ˡҰѻߺ͵Ʒȡߡо˼飬
һģз˾ξˡһﻹǵ
һоͷ۲ѡǵҪȻ˵ʱ飬ȫǲݵĽ֡
㲻İ̳Ṳ̄˰ɣ㡣
ôܣʵϵľܾ
ܾôᶨһйϵҪȻƾӣԲ˵ġ
㴳ˡ㣬̲ס˵һ仰Ҳŵ顣ǿ˼ҵڣ˼ء


321 һһ
Сӽǣɱߵ飬ԺٺˡһֻƷǶ˵дȻʱļǺԶԶǿ
˿ûйǵıŭʱ̳һ̣㵽˶ԷΰǺ֮ǡֻƷǵĻ㾪ȵĿɱƷǣ
׳һֻˡ˵
һ仰㶣ҲŲͬƺע⵽עӣɫŽ죬ڸƵ˵Ҫܲնɱ
𣿡㵭˵һ䣬仰ĸ
ܸ㣬ʱıǡΪľʧȥࡣɱһֻޣҪɱһֻǣ뵽ֻǡȻЩǲܸġ
ҰŪǵļ̨ӦˡԺͲҪȥˡʵ㲻ԿġȻĿ˵
ɬ㿴͸˼ͬʱ̲סʲôԿŮ˵׶ˣԿ
ݺݵһ㣬ǿɬģڻסˡȻоͣʱһɬ֣С
һûٿ㣬תͷֻ˵һҪߡŹԺҲ鷳ҪִҪҲɱǼֻǣҵҪжֻƷɱġ
вֻǱŭҪǱĻǻῼĻֻǰСȴɱɡΪǸ̳ѹĶǾò˵õġ
Ҫõ˵ĴУΪΪӦ֪֮ڣûɱĴڡƷŭ
ǰǽг㵱ŴĲɣһ˿ΪĻ仯
ֻƷֱҧ˵ڵִڣ̫ʵΪһ仰׷ɱοŮ˻ûȫ˵ĴУҪȫﵽֵزǲĿֲ
ǲΣһҪѶȡǶô˵УҪҪֵĻƴʧأҲҪնɱˡ
СӣǱضҪõʱ˵㲻ʲôˣ
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߽һֻƷǵεȿֲצ˲ᴩ޻壬ʱ޻ѣ䣬俪ܣɳ

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ǣҪάĻɡֻƷŭɹϯǶȥǵҪնɷ顣
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ʱͻȻץ㣬׵˴Ӱ룬ȵ㣡ߣ
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322 ֮
׷Сӣ㣬ֻƷǳױߣǺ
Ҫһ뿪ǻס𣿡һһɨȥ׷㷽ȥǶסеǱƷߣ漴Цһ˵ҪɱȶԸ˵
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ռ䣿ͶĻ΢΢һ㶣Ϊ𺳵Ŀͷͼû뵽ͼȻռ䡣
һ㱦Ŀռ䣬ռ䡣ռ䣬ȴһֿռ䣬ռ䣬пһһ㡣Ȼÿһռ䶼ͬ磬Щռտʼʮּ򵥣ҲܻûɽˮޣһжõġǣȻռ䣬гɳĿܣȫܳɳһ磬ֻҪ㹻ǿ
ռ伫ѿʵﵽҲû뵽ǣУȻһռ䡣ռȻԵü򵥣ֻҪȥվгΪĿܡ
Ҫףӵ磬ǲߡˣһ
ҼҲԭأû뵽ż֮мصıͼȻռ䡣ֻĵ׵ľϾͱǡڻֵһ̣ǳ֮еǷӿͼ֮С
ӿ£ǳ֮еҺ忪ʼļ١ûãǳҺһ롣ͼĻҲ̵øѤ
룬һĴˣʼ޸ԭܴľҲڻ޸ƽ͡Ұ׵ɫָ
һĻɫ΢΢ɡֻҼǱļΪѿͰԾ衣
ⱱͼϷҪˡҪϷɱ㡣Ҽ˵
ǾͿʵˡһ治񡣡
㡭ҼŭǣǱӵĺˣˣѵ㻹ܶס
˺˲ѾʲôܡҪ壬һ治ǡΪ𣿡˵
һ仰ñҼɫѿ


326 һΪ취
ܵŭıҼܵˣ֪Ķ֣ǻ̲סһȭֱֱĺ񱩣磬ɨռ䣬ֲ쫷ҪһжշƵġ
ųľХɫ˿û䣬ֱۻ裬ƮӶ֮䣬ǳ֮еҺ巭һƬˮĻѹ絲סԭ񱩵׵
ҼԼһȻԷ׵סɫ˱䣬ֱ˦һϴ£һǹ£ڱҼϣǰ۳һ޴ââǵһ¡
飡ŭһ֮Уһ޴Уǳ֮еȫŤתһ޴УиһѾ޴鿳â۵ǵȥ
һǵһϣǵϵͬʱ鵶⼤ȥҼס⣬ҼֱҲһѪۣѪҺȾѡ
һΣֻǸһѵһΣǲˡ޵ñҼɫļΪѿ
ҪסѵܸһӲɣҼ˵ֻҪ㲻ߣұɱ
ߣһ仰ŭԭ׼ŹҼǴʱȴɱģȻˣǾ㱱ҳ塣
һ仰ñҼѪɫû뵽Ϊôǲ˼ġȻȲֲϧϵ̴Ҫ˱ңҲҪ鷳ʱΪȻʲôˣҼɣǲˡ
ŭƮգһʴ䣬鲼գȫС
գҾʰ㱱ңҵҪ㵽ʲô¶Ը㣡ûоһ˱ŭֱŭ޷ơ
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Īѹ׼շѹµʱһֹǣҵҪɱҡ
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㿴ĵѪ˿һЩмҪһطҪϼ¡ʱȻ̸ûȬȴжˡ޲һ
㣡û°ɣߣĵѪ˿дž֮ɫû뵽ʥ£ƾȻûá
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һСëϷкβңҼȻ˵ȴҶ֡
׳ܼңбȥԡ㿴űҼߵֻҪ۹Ҿʱ㡣
һ仰ñҼ׳İΪͬ߸ӵĺ֮һȻ֮£ǵ˿Ǳҡ
Ҫǣͽѹ㷺ϵ̴ӡڸ˵ͻҹϵܣзΪҪΪɱȫ׽
ͬʱ鴫˺ǵҪǣõһ⴫Уʵֲ
СӺйϵĹӣ
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ߣɫƽ˵һ䣬뿪ҲܱҼ
ҼУɫļΪѿȴ赲һҳԣټһǳûˡ
ߵһ㣬ͻȻͷ򱱼Ҽ˵Ǹˡյ飬һ˵һµġͼ飬ƽϵġ
һñҼһѪҺûſտҲǳءѪƽǶԷѼʥɨһաƫƫȫƵϡ
Ҫ뿪㣬ҼҪֵȴ޵ĻסܷŹһΣܷŹڶΣҪԣҲѪȾϿȡ
һ仰ñҼֹסŲֱֱĶһݻ֮裬һֻġ
ͻȻվһһ˵ûϵǣ
˵֣꣬ȥӵܾȻûһ˸ҵֵ
㿴һ˵ıӵܣĵ͵Цû뵽ͷôãԺҪúһ¡𱱼ȫ飬㻹ûûʵ˱ȫ壬ҲһѡҪǣ˱ңҪ಻ٶ֡ȻԸΪô鷳
㽫ҪԸңҲϣԼ
߳ϿȺڿԵ㣬̲סʵô£ƻûã
Цһ㲻ΪƺõưɡǺãεƣȴܺõô졣
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Ѻۣɴ˫ڰ׷ɫżֲҰסﵽΣȻ֪ʲô˼Ժ㶼ٵˡ
Ϊʲô㡣
һ㶣漴ŷӦ˵ܲǵȻһЩ㶼š
ĽֱֱͣĶ㣬֮һڵлл
㾪˵һллͿ˰һΪ˶ҸԺչһء˵Ҫһгĵλ
ĺһۣһʱ˼Цֻôһ˵ŷӦֱץţһСƺʲôȻʩչطǿ˿ֲʵ֪֪ʲô취޸壿
ɽʥ֮Ȫʥ顣ֶһϣ㵹ûڲأֱӶ˵
ɫ˱䣬ֶϲ˵ÿһֶǿᡣرĻʥ飬Ϣѵõ
һڲϵĿԣ漴һһ˵һΪ취ġ
һ仰͡


327 ص
һΪ취ģ
һ仰㶣û뵽Ů˵Ҫֶ֪ɲҡ㵱ʱ׼취û뵽Ů˰
Ů˵ԸҲ˵ĻŮ˾ͻƴȥɡЩж
ȻЩ컣Ҳ֪ԼĲࡣŮǸ߸ϵŮͬһСƺƵġ֮ԯޣͬһ·ϵġ
ãһ֮󣬽ܼ档û뵽һĻԵŮˣδάĵ
˽ץ֣ĿֱֱĶ㶢ţЩӱƵĶ񡣲־úЦһѣѵ񲻳ɣ
ٴӭֻûƬ̣ͱȶйŪĻңֻٴֻӦһеġ
㡭Ҫ˵ʲôȴԼס㣬ϵȴϣ͵ĽӲ
ʵĲذҵ̫ϡ㶢ϸ֫ϴȣЩԳ鲻ԽĽ˽
ĶƵӿֲ͵İ𿪣ݺˤڵϣһҽС
㣡ҽУһϽǰ𣬿ƨɣ̲סһЦһЦѣ
ʲô㶢ţ̲ס޶ɬ
룬ЩҶûˤ㡣һûʲôأͱˤˡֹһԽԼ˺
Щܲˣɬһε컣оЩȵ񣬲Һһ𣬷㣺ģһЩ
˵꣬ЩӱƵա
ͻȻ󺰵
תͷ㣬ֻ˵㾡У̫ǿ޾֮·а취ġ
˵꣬ӽָȡһŰֽдһЩֺ󣬵ݸ˵ⶫţҪֵܵˣⶫܸġ
üĽӹ֪дʲôܰ򿪿һۣȴֹŸԺǿĴٿѵûС˵ЩԣӢдͱ𺳣ӶתΪ
ҲȥˣӰ͵ʧС
ʧעʧķ򣬰зĵɢŰԺ֮С
ϣڶҵӰ𣿡ʵ
ҪûӰ쵹ǲܣӰ첻̫Ҫͻ֮ʱ²Ż᳹ױϻش
ţǻʥڻĿռ᲻Уźϡ
аɡһʥ鵱ڻȻ󣬵ǻı̫ࡣҪǷڿռ֮УҲ֡
ȻˣǾصǣȻ취Ǹռɡһ
ţԳһ˴γһˣȻõĶ١ҪǲָܻĻЩòʧˡ˵㲻ʲô𣿡
ϻ˼еĶһȻص˵
˳סúϾȵĿһۣ漴ЦҲգ

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ǣһ˺
УǰһλҺϵߣΣܽңѵܽĻ𣿡Ҽŭȵ
һ仰ñе˳Ĭô꣬ǵһ˲ӡһΣȫ衣һˡ

һ·ڣȻĵԼ˿ԣǺȻƣʱĵ̫á΢֮ϣֻڲôȳѪˡֿԣһϰˡ
ھǳ⣬Ȼղղ壬ô
үү㡣ղ˵
ˣϲû뵽ˡ
ղ˵үѾˣôòЩġ
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һľǸۡƵĸۡ룬ֻĴ
үүˡڸۡĴ֮Уղ󣬾͹վһԡ
΢΢üͷʱʱĿԼ䣬͵ץֱۣһڡǵס׾پͲ̽һ塣
ôŪˣɻĿ㣬üͷơȻоΪ֡
ε˵׷ɱʩչһЩֶΣֳ
׷ɱ㶣ɻĿ㣬޷뵽ôǸֲ塣ұ׷ɱôܻŻ
ûа취ң
ҡҡͷҵʵȻǶȴ˽⡣ҵߵǰԵһ;޷޸
ǿɲһæʵ
СӺҿʲôЦһʲôæ
һڵҴһ£ʥ֮Ȫʥֶ
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ЦԸæòһҪ¡֪֪ǹʱҪ鷳
ңôˣɻʵ
ﴫеʱ򣬺Щìܡ˴γȥǡԡ˵
ţİɣҪǲˡҪǸ鷳Ͷ·һ˵۹ûжҡ
ȻһЦһƨȥǣ˭֪ҪΪˡĵλ˭ǣ
ǺǣСӡЦھǲܴ̫ãǻýǡ
ͷʲôʱ
⼸ɡ˵Щ䡣


328 ع
ǲƽҶ˼еԵʣ̻ţȻӵ档ֻʱӵλǰѰˡһλȴΪǵԵʣµ͵ࡣ
£Ҷ˼վ˽Ųھվȣԭò˵̻ᣬʱھҲγһһȻȲӵҲ˶١
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ҲΪʱʱĶһھǵҲֻǶϾûΪǮ֮ȥҵġʹϹӣˣҲֻϾԷ֮ҪҲһκε˶ԷĶ棬ʤһˣҲö١ȻһˣҲή١
ǷӿͬʱҶ˼쳹ǣһ̻ѾٽĻƿˣһ˾ηǵľҶ˼ƣرһһ֮ʱ򣬸Ǵﵽ˶Ρ
֪һк΢΢ЦЦǲʲô⡣Ҷ˼㲻ֻҪʱ䣬ʹӵҲҪѹơ
Ҷ˼ʱҶ˼ڴ̨ǰ㷢ס¶Բ򢣬ű¶źһ׵ֱۣˡ
׼͵͵õ߹ȥǺȴ̲ס䣬ԣҶ˼תͷ㣬¶ϲ֮ɫվŤ΢̵ęӣ֫ᣬýģȴУż¶һأ񣬿ŷęϸ֫ԿŶţವһ֡
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ȵءҶ˼ɫЩ죬ƣЩ̡
£ЦЦҶ˼ٴν˽˵֪֪ɡܸԼˡ
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Щ֪֪ɡЦЦҶ˼ĹζĻʱʱĴ΢Ŀ
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˴γȥһСˡպ˵£ȻЩС鷳ǲµģЩͺˡٵ˵
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Ҷ˼ɫ˱䣬ͻ͵ĿֽΣ뵽ոյַԼę࣬оĶҪˡ֪ûС
Ҷ˼漴һۣرעһմҶ˼ƿ֣ɫЩӣֱֱĿˡ
̣ڨڨЦЦû뵽ıץҲЩ˶ɡҪ㻹治ҿڣϾһ
̾һݺݵĹһۣίȻԼƭҶ˼룬ɬģҲûƭ
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ĸҡ
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Ҷ˼Ļҧҧ촽˵ĸЩ㲻֪Ȼһ꣬Ҳꡣ
Ҷ˼˵һ飬ţһ仰û˵
ȣ̲꣬ס̾һҺγ֪㲻Գ˿СŮϲֶΣҿĺܡƾ־֪
㲻ΪŪһ𡣡Ҷ˼ᶨ˵
֪ҲŵĹһء˵ֻû뵽ô졣⺢ӣԼ˺ϣһҶϡҪȻҲôŮϲˡǣҶ˼֪֪ʮ꣬ҪǴȥ˲ʲôˣֻ㹴
ûϵǾŰɡҶ˼˵
⺢ӣ˵ҶҴСݣ飬ܷŹ㣿ҶǴҪġǣһݣ㲻˰ɡʱҪôӦǱߣ
仰Ҷ˼ɫ˱䣺ǲЦѡ
˵ģûһЦ˵
Ҷ˼ҡҡ촽漴˵ĸ֪һеݡݣҲù˼ɡ
һ㶣͵Ŀ㣬֪ʲôһλ˼ɡ
ҵĴݡҶ˼˵ǰҲ㲻ʲô
һ仰üȻ֪Ҷ˼ʲôУ˵ضǴˡ
һǵġҶ˼˵
ȣҶ˼ô˵̾һ漴˵治֪ôƭ㣬ءһҩŮĺֵܵסġٻҲǶкøСû뵽ҲȥˣǱˡ
˵⣬ͻȻЦ常ǱȲҲԶˡֻҵĶС
Ҷ˼㶣û뵽ʳһ仰աǸõŮҶ˼֪ĵʲô죬Ҫ˵ʲôǻ̻ȥ


329 
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ԺСһЩǡԼ֪ǹϵνҪ֪¾һȷѪꡣԣǶһ㡣Ҷ˼˵
ĸҶ˼֪Ҷ˼ɫ˺죬Ҳ֪˵ĿûǷ档
Ҷ˼ԲԵĻ̾һߵűߣ͵šֲ֮£ûˤڵϡ
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ЦǾɣ˵̫Сˡ
ٺ٣ȻһЦټƱʲôߵҶ˼ǰҶ˼֣Ҷ˼ȥûһε˼
Ҷ˼΢΢֣¶ܰЦݡ˵ĸ飬еĻҪһЩֺгΨ̬Ӧóһɬ;Ҷ˼ϡǴ˿ȴ쳣Ȼǳ޷һ
ۡŶһլӣҲûʱȥտҶ˼ҵŮԺס㣬ҪھûŴҲסȥҶ˼ϵ飬Ī˵һ仰
һ仰ϲ֪ĬҶ˼顣
ҲЩִ磬ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪҶ˼롣˵һ䣬û˵͸Ҷ˼㶼ס
Ҷ˼û˵ЦЦ˵ˣзִͺá
˵꣬߳ȥ
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Ҷ˼ﻹ㻰˼ɫͨ죬Щŵ˵̻ỹ£ߡ
˵꣬Ƶܳȥһ·ܰ㡣

Ҷ˼վƤ֪ĬϡȴҪڶ壬ûסߵլӣΪΣȴ޿κΡ
ڻصǵ죬ﶼûȥʱͷڻָϡƣ벻취ֻÿ˲١
죬Ҳ˵ĹУʵ۵گ͸¶һ˼

ǴӻҴϢϢһ۹Ϊ֮𶯣رǾǣеĿⶼеΰܸϡ
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ʥʦƿسƿؾӡзֹΪֻλǿΪĵλ˵УҪ΢߹ʥʦ
Ϣ㶼һ¡ԭƣҲһһǣû뵽֮һ
Ȼ֮ʹϲԽҲкôֻڻҵ̬ȵǼΪȡԭһ˼һ¹˼ɣȴίΡ㵹һˣһֶεļһ
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ڴʱһͬɽŷƴۡһӰ޴֣ϣһףȫɢ˲ֲѹʥּϴŵѹ׵ĵסȻûһ˿ܽۡ
ּܳ쳹գĪѹǣǶܸоµơܵƣɫ䣬½ĵźεʵ
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쳹ǵӿһ˳նȥޱƣޱɨǣâ鲼ǿϳǿĹâۡϣʥּ֮ϣ֣¡ۡǰϣԭ֣Ƭ̾ͱ˵ž£
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ʥּʧԭƳֵľǣʱƲųʧǣ˳۷׷СǶڻʵ۵ʵʵһڡ
رھŵλĴ壬ʵǿĴڣɫ䡣ʹһλʵ˽⡣ȴû뵽ʵ˿ֲȻƾһƣǡҪǣⶼȫʵ뵽⣬ʹھǴδɫλɫҲ˱䡣
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ڴ͵ǰЦôˣ
㵹ûΣ˵ͷ˵һʥּƣǸжǿ
һڵеҪǿȻٳǰû˸СǡԺͻף۹ʵǱô򵥡ϵЩ壬ССֶѡǿߣڻңھӣԼڳĻС
Ҫǰ᲻ΪȻڣȴš
ļ˵۹ԶҪֲϹŴɣҲ١ҪҿԵĻҵϣ߽Ļš
ЦЦ˵ûϲΪˡϣҲﵽλ˳ĵز



330 
ΪھȻ˵ÿնйǰۡݷáһ۾ЩֱˣĵЩ滵ô͵бҪųϢȥˡҪֺԼҲҪ
Ȼ˲ᵱһ£ۡʱ򣬻˵ǼҶȥ㱨޵ֱҧĵԼȻļҶǵԼհ
עãס֮󣬶˵һ仰ԺˣҲûãԺ϶㡣
˵䣬뿪
һ仰ǸĪһ˭ԲѣΪӰ쵽岻ΪȻ뿪ֻҲ벻ΪĳһСۣԺļŶˡ֪ӰĪ֮˰ٱһεǿ˵
û߶ԶǰվһŮŮվͬһһʮ浾վ·ܰضӰ죬ĺһļž顣
Ů˼Ҳ쳣İôȥ
ٻ㿴һۡƽĻش̫࣬Ҳϲ
ʼﲻҵİɣҪоҪԤԼ
ٻĻֱӣԼĿ˵үү㣬ʲôʱװ
ʱԣ˵һλشʮֿݣٻĿĿһۣӰУ˺˵ټٻ㻳ǲʲô˵Ŀġ
ٻ㻳ɵ㷭˷˵ʲôҪǾûɣҪүү˵ǡ
ٻûлشתװߡȻװ㡣
ȵȣץסٻ֣ٻֱץס͵ĽӲҲûиոյƽһΣŬ˼£żֲſң
ʧʧ󣡡Ͻſֹ֣һС椵ֵͦġ
ٻ㻹˵㲻Ϊҹռ˰ɣǶƷĻɣôе¸еˣǲ顣ոȫ鲻Խûռ˵˼
ߣٻĵһûд㣬ֻš
ٻˣֻʼˣ·˺Ҷûռˡôռˣ
һ仰ٻɫ͵ĺ𵱳嶼㿴⡣ͺ޵ֱҧƫƫһﻹ˵ûռˡٻ˼漴˵ʲô飿
ȻһЦҴȥһĵط
ٻעУ׼ȥٻ֣ȴٻܿ㾪̾ٻķӦٶȣҪҡ
šҪ㡣ſһڣȻҪҡ
ٻһ·ȥһ֮ٻ΢΢üͷ˵ʲô
ٻǾĿ㣬ǾϹӵĵ̣˲֪ʹϹӵĹڡٻ㻹֪ǰ˵˺ܶΡҵĹʤ˴Ϲһԣٻ㻳϶Ŀĵġ
ġ۾ٻ㣬Цʮºֻ֪ͣʲô˵ٻ㣬ǼŽ׵¶иǾ衣
ˡҪĻˡٻЦЦ˵һĴġ
ٻ㻳ɵĸ뾵뾵Ķĳע⵽ٻ㣬һЩΪ֮͡浾ˮŮӳڶĳǺܸġŮٻ㣬һЩӳȵעٻ㡣
㵲ٻǰ棬סЩȵĿ⣬üٻһֱߡ
ӣǹ㲻ܽȥһס㡣
ЦЦ˵޷ȥ߸ߴϻۣ˵ǰҽȥġ
һ仰㶡ĵ껹湻ģֱӳƺүǷүһȥԭһµģǿ˴ϴŮʱ뻹ȥ㱨
Ͼ꿴ôŮŮˣȴ϶һ˼ġ
ϽܽȥûãͿ첽ܳ񳹵ױˣĵ׾ȣԼպү˵һ䣬үȻԼȥҪò
ѣҲֻλʱѡѵ˵үͶӣӷͬȵĵλ
⣬ȴ˲١
߽ȥٻ˵ڼңƳԽӡȣϧ㲻ӣҪȻ͵¥ȥˣֻˡ
һ仰ٻһۣĺ
ߵ棬ĶĳȻҪ氲Ķ࣬е˲ֻ࣬߰˸һ˲ŵһⶼǾĹ㿴Ŷϵĳ룬Щ˶ĵĻ湻ġ
ЩҲע⵽ٻ㣬ֱӱĿֱֱעٻ㣬Ϊٻ޸͵ͬʱҲһ˿ɻǶݲ׵ˣҵСôܲʶֻһͬˮС㣬ôڶĳ˵ȥû˻Űɡ
ЩȻٻߣ׼ˡ淢ʱ򣬻߷߲ƽԼôҲһ˧磬ЩôԼأ
ǰʧԶӭˡһԭźÿһЩĵߴϻ۾Ǹߴϻۣʶˣ֪ҶҪ
ֻߴϻ۵һ䣬ɫˣСǰûȥӭӣϣСԭ¡
ٻ㿴˸ߴϻһۣ˵ͷϹӴҲ˵
ǺǣѡߴϻЦЦתͷ㣬ӣ
Һܺã˵һ̫αˡ
˼Ȼ˶Ըߴϻ˵һߴϻۿһߣ˸˶˵ǳԾǣߴϻ۶̬˿ΪȻЦ
ǺǣȻáҿǹĲáߴϻ˵
֪ԽĺһЩġ˵ҰٻΪβġ
һ仰øߴϻ۲ûвʮ˴в
ллӺ⣬ҲˡʱʱĿԣҪҽһ
һԻһɬ굽˭ȻøߴϻܵҲаƽȶԴ̬ȡ
ȺˣߴϻȻǿȴûƽȶԴ˼һֱߴϻ۶ƺһȡ۵꣬ȴǶܲĴ


331 
ٻĿת㣬ԭʱʱʲôǱߴϻôһѣ;ĿȷʵСëдżѯʡ
ٻͶȥһ漴ЦŶԸߴϻ˵㲻ã𣿡
ޣߴϻһû˵Ҳװƣɴº͵Цݣ֪ǰʲôң
Ǻǣ߹˵ЦˣҪæѡǲ֪߹ԸԸˡ۾Ÿߴϻۣ¶С仰ȷʵû˵ѣЩͺоǸУһֱˡҪǣҲУʯʮּӲþ취ˡ
һȭܺУֻеĶŲףһȭ䲻ʯȻ֮еһ֣ӲҪӲ١ԣϸߴϻۣҪ֮еʲôһ˿ء
Ǻǣ⵹⡣ӣʲôҪҰæߴϻһ仰üɻĿ㣬㵽ʲôһȻøߴϻ
ߴϻƺ֪Щʲô΢΢ЦǺǣһλӺ½ϵǳں׳һǵĴˣλӵ߲ٶǳӵ֡
һ仰üһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㡣Ϣʤߴϻ۵ԭҲ²˺ܾãû뵽Ļġ
Щ˾Уߴϻ˵Ǻǣ⻹һλӵսǿսǡʤ˶ͿХˣ˶һӢۡô꣬ûһͬʱ˳Կġ㣬ǵһ
ԭǾȵˣʱѾˡڸߴϻ۵Ļǲỳɡߴϻ۵ݣԲſڿӡȻ˵ǾʵŲʮͣ˾ò˼顣
˵Щʲô˼㿴Ÿߴϻۣȸߴϻ֪ЩֻЩΪʲô˵ȥ
ߴϻ˵ٶں̫ܲãȻô飬ܵñ֪
һ仰׸ߴϻ۵˼ǲԼڰˡɣعĻñ˶ӷԺҲѡ
߹˵Ҳǡν˵߹ӻʲôҪҵľһɡʵ˾ͰˣͲԽԽáЩȥˡûģи߹ӰǾòˡ˵øл㡣㲻֪ҶĽǾӵͷһ᲻ұɾĹӡ
һĻһһﻹ
ǸߴϻЦЦһֽŵ飬Էα˽⡣˵Ļʮоž䲻ŵģһ÷ǲҲǼٻ
ȻԽߴϻ۾;ԽСɬļһں׳Ҫ˵ƸҲΪ䡣Ҫ˵˴αûһ¼Եʣ˲šΪһ¼ֵļΪ˳ʹܵвҲӻûҷ½䱸ߵλ
ߴϻ԰ԼһɾϹӵǰ꣬ȴΪӰӣ۹һԷĳɼ˿Ϊ⣬øߴϻ۲С
ȻⲻǸߴϻ˼ĵطϾں׳ŵһӵͷǵ˾ˣȴûˡ
ǣԼĳԿжͿХܣǰꡣӣȻʤһΡߴϻŰںͬȵĵλֹ˼ǿͿХ
֪Һʱߴϻ۰ĵ׵ųȥ㡣
˵߹һųﲻľꡣ֪߹ܷһáֱ˵⡣
ߴϻ۾һ漴Цҿڣ֮Уû˸ֱܵ˼ҵҪ˼ġǲ̫һЩҪ㣬𣿡
ҡҡֱӵ˵ᣡ
ǲ͵ˣȻӶֺ֪α衣ߴϻЦˣͿ͡
ЦһǲҵģҲǸ߹ӾͲòˡ
ߴϻЦЦȻҪΨҶʵȻҲӡܿϧûС
ҪΨҶʵֺα˵裬ֱ˾ǡЦΪûУԲŽ衣ң㲻ò㡣
ûһ˸˵ߴϻЦҾ͸㣬衣
ʼ֪ΪʲôҴٻǰ𣿡
һ仰ٻ͸ߴϻ۶㡣رٻ㣬ʲôġ
ڸߴϻѯʵУͻȻ˵ҲûȤ֪ȻҾ߰ɡ˵һϣһһǴϹӡ֪Ҳµ֣Ƶ𣿡
˵仰ȻĴٻߣҲ̸顣
øߴϻɫ˱䣬˵ˣʲô֣δ֡ȻߴϻҲ㣬Էƾǡһ¹˭
ֻ㻹û߼һͿ첽ܵУɫһƬҰ׵ĿŸߴϻ˵үĶͽһڵϿ°ĭжˡ
һ仰øߴϻһ㶣첽ܳȻһصĶͽһ°ĭڵϰвϣͽɫףһжơ
ߴϻۿһĻո˵Ļ͵Ŀ˵㲼ľ֣
ҡҡͷ߹ӿɱ˵һ𣿶ҸոյֻһȦѵ㻹ΪµĶɣ
ߴϻۺһӵǺֶΣӵֶõô졣
ߴϻҧµĶʼ磬ε˵ǲҲûʲô취
˵꣬ٻգգ۾һ˵ıٻ˵Ҿ֪£ԴˣȣȥǿΪǽⶾɡȥ˵ġ
ٻ㿴һۣҲ֪¶ʲô˼ߵһͽǰʼ̽
ֻû̽ãٻüͷ˵µʲô
һ仰ЩûŮô˵ģôҲ϶Լ¶ˣվһ߰
ҡҡͷ˵Ǿﲻȫô˵¶ءҾˣΪǲ˽ҡôϤˣһ¶𣿡
ٻûд㣬תͷŸߴϻ˵Ժͣǲܽ⡣ֻ֪ʲôĻҪķѺܶʱ䡣ǻܵȵȫˣЩ˶Ѿˡ
ٻĻøߴϻ۶㣺ʲô
ߴϻףΪʲôٻ˼ǸԼҽʦˣҶҺֳɵˡҲΪԼ֪ⶾİԵǰȥҽʿЩͽˡ


332 Ǻþ
ľ֣ߴϻۿ˵ΪܱҾͷ
Цҿû㣬ֻ⾵Ҳ̫ȫˡȣ⾵ô壬֪㵲סѹΪ㵣ġ
ߣߴϻۺһߵ˵ȥҽʿ
νЦЦԼٻǸҽʿģȻšԼˡ
ٵˣٵȥǾͻˡٻŸߴϻ˵һ䣬ƽûһ˿˿ûΪԷĲŶ
ٻ㣬ǲžˡȣðٻ˵һΪٻģ
ٻһۣŤͷ㣬һ¶ˣô˵Ļֻٻ㾪ȵǣ㵽õʲôֶϢµĶ
ûӣһͼܵߴϻǰүЩ˵ɫϺٲξҪˡ
侪ţЩһﵹǲ¡ĳĹ嶼˲Ź֡ߴϻ۵ͷҲãЩһҸ߼ҲںȫǸ߼ҲĪѹ
ߴϻûлشĻǿ˵Ͳһھ¶˵ȥҲӲ˰ɣ
νʼֻһС˵ĿȻȷϣǲµĶھ£ȲŹĻ㡣֮ΪµĶҵνһҶ·ǡ
Ļ˼ԣҹŵѵŵĲɣ
أߴϻ۶㡣
ǺǣҺ͵ӵĹϵǲǸ߹ӲΪΪҺ͵ӵĹϵһ㣬Щ˾ͻԹ޷ڵϰɡЦ
һ仰øߴϻûѪ֪͵һҹϵܵһΪ֮ʵĳ̶ȡ֪˲ֻ֪Ϊϵһ㣬ϲµˮҪµĶеĳҲֻϣԵһӰ춼ûСǸ߼Ҳͬһļ̳ˣЩȻԸ߼ҡ
Ȼⳡ鷳ıƴУʤˡ˵ģֻҪ·˭κ
Ҫ¾Ŷٹʱ䣬ҲȲǡЦ˵һߺŲ衣
ߴϻȻԸ˾䣬һߵٻ˵С㣬һֱ˵ֻΪˣûϵһΣ鷳ˡ
ٻ㿴һۣ㲻ΪȻı飬Ÿߴϻ۵ͷ˵Ҿ
˵꣬ٻͿʼЩʩչҪʲô
ٻģһΪͽⶾʱŮĺ˳ио־գֱ顣
㵹ЩˣǲǸŮʲôü뵽ԼĿģ
ⶾǺǿĶֻһѡ㴫еõĵУ붼ҽǶҽʵͬġЩ͵ԶԣҲһЩĵ
ʩչǣնػ۶ѡʲôطжءֻЩ̫ϡ΢ĸ𲻵ЧԶⶾѡĵȴЩػܼܶȣⶾⲻô죬Ȼж
ⶾصǶôǿֻҪʵﵽܶáЩŵĹ壬мﵽߵģҲǵ˴롣
¶ʲôȵϵĲۼȻĵϾΪĶͨɱܴ󣬶һʵ˾㲻ʲôˡ
ٻҽȷʵҪڶڽ⿪ȴҲѡԣ㲢ż
ߴϻۿһȣ¶Ž׵Цţȥһơֻٻ㻹ûҵ취ֻ
ٻģߴϻ۲ٻϷǾٻβˡβˣԼҽʿҲа취
үѾһˡһߵߴϻǰż־˵
ߴϻۿ㣬ûпƵģһתͷٻ˵С㣬ܽ⿪𣿡
ٻͷ̫ǿңҵ취ǶѾˡ
һ仰øߴϻɫѿڱ˼ҪôһΣҪôЩ
ȻЩЧе
үһˡһܵߴϻ۵ǰ
ߴϻۿϴżаЦ꣬еһıߴϻ˿ɣĿЩ˶ȥ
̸Цϰעɺøߴϻ۶оĺĹɱǸߴϻġ
һֱߴϻֻΪеСڿĺʹλҲѶáҪǣ˶֪ӵĺǣȴû֪ĺ
ͬڼкЦºͣԻ˵֡ǣȴ̸Ц䣬ϰ˶ΪһĿȥصĺ˿ֲġ
ֲáߴϻۿ㡣
ЦˡϹӵֶҲСֻ㷴Ӧʱ䣬һʤĿܡǺǣҪǸ㷴ӦһûܲһƲ˵ľ֡
ߴϻһ佱Ļû̫ˡǾȷʵϡ˵±ľ棬ʱĻĲ¡һô֣Ʋģ
ǣһθӦʱ䡣һֺľֱ֡ġҪЩ˵ҲʤˡǣѰ߼ѹڶϡ
ߴϻ۲òϣ㲻ϣȴЧ
չӵĺ˲֪ˡߴϻۿ㡣
ЦЦ˵޷Ҫֹ֣ͯҲһ¡
ߣߴϻۺһûм˵ʲô
߹ӣ㻹ôɣٹ̣Щ˾ͶЦ
Ļ£ܹ㱨һˡ
һ仰øߴϻһɫٴλָº˹ģӺֶΣһʤˡһһġ
ʼҵŸ߹ˡ
˵ֱ꣬һӣʩչԭ໵ˣһɫĿʼָһĻ㶣һ㣬޷žô򵥡
ҲЩ˵ľЦŶŸߴϻ˵ǾͶл߹ˣֻһζѡ
ߴϻۼȻӦҲŤ󣬵ͷ˵ǼرȥһˡͿӸҲȥˡ
ЦЦţкβң


333 Űɱ
ӣɣߴϻ۴һطǰһׯϺΰĹȫɾ޴ʯѻɣߴԵøûʡ
Ĺ㿴ŸߴϻʵĵһﻹǺܣһ˾Ȼסôһͬһ߲еĴ
ͿХǶСҪԸ⣬ҲСǶеĴߴϻ۵˵
㲻֪еĴʲôǺȻȤ棿
Ȼǣߴϻ˵Ҳܷ档
ɫˣǸԼǴԼʲô˷ʱ
ʲô˼͸ңۿŸߴϻۡ
ߴϻɨһ㣬ĵʨӴ󿪿ڣ⸮ۡĹģھҲңһ߶еĴ㣬ͳɥʧߵĵλ
Ѿ֪ͨˣǴӼа͵ۡڣͿҲҽȥߴϻ۵˵ڻµͬʱȥƿţ˳Ŵſȥ֮ͨվˣһע㣬ѹ
㿴վߣһ۸ߴϻ˵ʲô˼
ҽۡҾͽһáҪ㲻ңǾԼᡣߴϻۿЦ
ʲôҲ˵̤ŵȥվһֱû˵ٻ㣬ʱ̲ס㣡
ƣȻǸߴϻ۶вҪǽȥ֪ߴϻô
ٻЦЦʲô˵ŵȥ
ٻһУҲ˵ʲôǰĿͶߴϻ˵Ӫɱ
˴ĵŮӣߴϻи̾ټʱգһŮˣɱˣΪβң
ٻ㶢Ÿߴϻۣ֮Ī˵һ䣺ɱүүʥʦҲӲˡ
һССļҶʲô£ߴϻЦ
ٻ˵Ȼ֪мҶݣǾͶ˽£Ϊߡ
õΪһҶʥʦΪ𣿡
ԣұ֤ʹʥʦҲնɱ㡣ٻ㵭˵
һ仰øߴϻɫ˱䣬Ĺϵ֪Ǵٻеõ𰸣𺳡ȻΪʥʦΪС
㵱Ŵ𣿡ߴϻۺһ
ڵеĵλĵҪȻҲԼĸۡǴʥʦΪ֪ҪʥʦۡҪֳһʲôʱͲһˣ˵һʥʦһ档ĺܲ𡣡ٻ㵭˵
Ů̫áߴϻ۵˵
ٻЦҶ˼㣬һԶǣΪʲô׷أ
ٻĻøߴϻ㶣ǸߵŮˣЩ롣ǸŮˣߴϻһоǧ򡣸ߴϻ۴ûһۣͰӳ˹档뵽ߴϻ۾ãκһ˿¶԰ΰɡ
ͬߴϻ˵һ䡣
Ÿߴϻ۵ٻ̾һĵҶ˼޷ֵǵһߣȻһۣͰݵʯȹ¡Ҷ˼Ļǧ̬ٻҲʲôĿ⿴㣬Ҷ˼ܣ͸ߴϻôȥ⻵һҲҶ˼ɡ
һСƨҶ˼ſءٻ㲻֪ʲôĵֹһ
ߴϻۿţվﲻʹɱ㣬ҲҪһѵҪȻһﻹΪ۸һΣȻвҪǲúõʰһ£Ժ󻹲֪š
ǣߴϻۻδ¶֣ǰһĻ͡ŵͻȻЦƱӿȻŸߴϻ۵ȥ
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ŵĻøߴϻ㶣ͬЩӦĵ̣Ȼȶ֡ߴϻ۴͹ɫҲѿŭһһѵ
ǣ
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ӵʵѾΪֲоĪѹ
ӣȰ˳ۡҪȻҲ֤ǻʲôߴϻۿЦ
ɨ˸ߴϻһۣûдЩˣתΧʮϢ֮ߣҪȻ

һûŰԵļһ⻰ӦóǿвȴΧļһ˵
󣡡
ЩҲŭ͵һתٴαǣ۳һ𶯵ճ׵ŤҪ΢ɡ
վһе֣ʮϢµʱϢͻȻ̶ʱʹﵽߴϻ۵ĵز
˵ҪǾ͵˵֮꣬л۵ľһץһץ֮£ıץȻ˵עУһؽصı顣
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ߴϻ۴͵Ŀ㣬ҲŵĿһĻ
ǣǰһĻȴøߴϻҲƽֻӰһ뵽ȺУΪצĺץ˹ȥ
ʵε֮ǿЩֵܵģһץ֮£ûеֵ־ץǵĺϣͷ죬ͱⶪڵϣ˿ûϢ
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ʱ㣬绢ȺһһһĲԭҫĴڣһδι£һں
̶ûһ˿ĻΡ
ߴϻ˿飬ÿγֱɱһ˵㡣оʵͬʱҲĺֶθ𺳵ˡߴϻףȫ̵Űɱ¶ʲô
һлʬ壬ߴϻĺ


334 ӷ
㣡ס֣ߴϻŭȺһͷ⣬㶼ɱˡ
ߴϻ۱ŭĻûӰ㣬صĲһߵĺֶκ˿ûֵͣ˼Ƭ̼䣬мС
㣡ҽס֣ߴϻŵ̬ЩܻȻЩ
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㣡ٲס֣ͱɱ㡣ߴϻɫĿ㡣
ʲôҲҶ֡Ҷ˵ʮϢ֮ڣûµĶҪǾǶһŭȳſֲڸߴϻϣøߴϻӰĵ
ߴϻһѪҺ³ȥѪҺΪǱˡ
ʲô
ʱ˭Ҷ˵仰ǰֻ꣬˵ˣҵɱһҶ
Ϣ֮ڣٲ֣ͣǵĹӣҲҪߴϻ˹ģɫʹǺ͸ߴϻദļҶҲûмߴϻɫҲ˵ߴϻŭˡ
ƾ㣿Цٴαʲô˵ļץ˹ȥȻļ͵ʵҲо֮Ǵʱȴһ㡣򵥵ľͱ
µһ֮Ҳûмֶãһߵؿڣڸߴϻ۵ǽ¡Ӱһ䵽ߣŲĺż˵Ҷ˵ҪǾ͵
£֮ľУĽ͵Ĳ£һԭ֮ЩûвΧһ֮ˡһ͵Ŀ㣬ǲš
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һ仰ЦӲЦ쳹գ˳ŸۡɢЦţɱңɱңƾʥʦۡЦҶжȫˣֻǣңɱң
ÿһ仰ŰԵĳգÿһ仰ŸߴϻѪ˼ȴøߴϻ۵ɴ۾
ȺȫˣǻƷǸʲôģ˵ʤȫ壿ʤȫ壬ҪĴڡǣ
ߴϻ۱ĪĿ㣬Ҫ仰ȴ־仰š
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㡭ߴϻŭ˵ʲôһ£ߴϻ۴ϲ˵үүɱСӡ
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ӷ壬үүһٲſ͸ߴϻүүһʥʦĵλֻߴϻүүһУʤʥʦĵλ˸ߴϻүүϡ
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һ˵ʵȻ˵ʱڣʵ͸ߴϻүү൱Ȼ֪ô츳϶Ϊֲٻүү˵ӵкʥʦͬȵʵҲ˵
һ仰ԿүүӷôƳˡ
ӷ֣ٻɫ˱䣬Ҫ˶ֵĻ㲻ܵס
үҪĶˡӷߵߴϻǰЦ˵
ߴϻ۸Ͻӷ幧һ񣬶ˣߴϻ۲Ұһ˿үļӡȻ֪ΪʲôܺүүүүཻͬΪǲһ˿ԽԼү
үүɱˡߴϻӷ
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ǺǣǲǣԾ֪ˡ˵꣬һ˹ȥһȭֻгԪֵ֮ܵҾš
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һĻٻ͸ߴϻ۶ŵĿ㣬޷ȻܱԪ֮
ΣҪҪһ㶢ӷ壬Ǵ⡣
ǺǣȻӢۣ֪ɷңܵǺδУӷ㡣
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ӷЦңҾɱ㡣
ʵ𣿡ӵĵ
Ծ֪ӷɫƽĿ㡣
׼˵ʲôȴһɾ޴ѹ£ѹøۡĽľշѹ顣
ӷɫ䣬ĸơ
ӷ壬ҪǸҶһëҾ͸ɱʥʦۡҪǲţҲԡ׵մ£ӰȻûг֣ȴӷɫ԰ףдŲţܸ߹˵ʵǹɵѹϵƣе֡


335 屣֤
ӷ嶢㣬֮̾һӷ岻Ҳ
ӷʾǹɳھƲջأûһʧһɶҲҴȥҲҴңҪǱշѹķĹǻþ
ھȥӷ忴ã֮ŶŸߴϻ˵үˡ
˵꣬ӷͰеݸߴϻۣԭͬɽŷʧһɶͬһнľһ㡣վڸߴϻͬɮ붨
ߴϻۼӷģ֪ӷǲ׼ˡøߴϻΣȴҲûа취ֻĵʵųΪһƬߴϻ۰еж㣺Ӯˣ
ֽӹ¶ſ޺ЦݣŸߴϻ˵㲻Ҳ㣿
ߴϻͻȻЦǱʹ͸үүģҪǸҲҵ֮á
ĵһϾЦ˵߹ӷģְҵµģĶ϶ỹġ
ٻ仰̲סͶȥһĵⲻ͵ģд鷳ҪǻỹŹ֣иְҵ£
߹ӣҾ͸ˣʶ콻˸߹ѣʮָˡЦɺܲã崺磬ݵĴӸߴϻ߹߳˵š
ߴϻۿŵһƬʬ壬ɫرǾʮָˣøߴϻ۵ȭͷյĽġһ赭дĻļôǿ߶ڷ
ߴϻߵ̲סһս߾һ̲סˡ崺磬֮ݵ̫ˣǼ˲٣˫վѪҺ֮󣬻Ц˵һҺܸ˵꣬Ǵûмֺݲͬڶĺݡֺݣĵ־塣
ĺݴҶ֪ȴǸոջЦϾͷɱ˵֡ױԻ룬α¾ģ㣬ΪŵĴϹүǱȲˡ
޵Ĳ߳ţɢѪζһĿתߴϻۡ
ߴϻһ˵ᣡ
˵꣬ߴϻ۾ȳ˵ţ¸ϡ
үүгԪ֮ʵ𣿡ߴϻͻȻ˵
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ߴϻҡҡͷѾܺνˣɱôˣҪʲô˭Ըң
ӷĬһͻȻ˵ǼҶ
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ӷ̾һߴϻȻھһĪԼУ̫Ĳ졣
үүָ㣡ߴϻ۹˵
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һ仰øߴϻɫ˱䣬аûڣǴʱȴûкҩ
ˣҲڣʲôҪеȻѾ˼뻹ǷŲӷ˵ϣǿܲƽɱˣţȴһжԼ֮С
ӷôߣߴϻĵȻЩǹĵллүүָ㡣
ӷЦЦҲû˵ʲôĻİȫ壿ѵﵽ˰
֪үүɷָһ£Ҷ£ߴϻۻ̲סʵ
ϻۣҲһӽ㣬Ҫס㲻ҪڼҶϣɢȥӷ̾һڵҲ˵ʲô

Ȼ֪ӷڽ̵ߴϻۣٻһߣصĿ̲סʵ㵽ʩչʲôطôǿԺطйϵ
ЦЦٻ˵޷ˡ
ٻͻȻץ֣һɹ˳ֽȥƬ֮ɫ䣬żŭΪһֵ𣿡
ٻŵģ㶣ʹٻƺͽûϵǰУǼһЩνˣƹˤѡ
㶮ôҽʿˮƽͣа취ҽ𣿡ٻʵ
һЩ취Ѿæˡٵ˵
ô˵ٻ˵ƹӣҲһֱˤȥһ죬ֲסġ
ЦЦûлشֻҪҪﵽʵǲ¼ֱ֪ͼЧԪ֮֮ɵȻȫƺãܺø߰˰ˡ
зִ硣ڵ𣿡ͻȻվסֱֱĶٻ㣬żаȡ
ٻɨһۣɫƽûлشĻǷһոҵ𣿡
̲סشûڱ߻Ǹֻǵ̫ƣһһ¡
Ůˣôܼôǿһ鲻ԽĶ㶼ܼôã
ٻ㿴һۣ´ٶңСĵڰҹնϡ
һ仰һǲٻ仰ʵԡٻȻǿɫһԼԼʮа˾ŵֵסʱ򣬳Լߵʱ򣬳鵶նϣ޶ûطޡ
ȻһٻǲɫյġԼô㣬ٻ˵һ׷أɫҲ֡
ұ֤ԺԲ㡣˵
ٻɨһۣȻ˵ı֤˭ţ
һ仰޵ֱҧ˵屣֤ԺԲᶯ㡣ҪҶˣԺ̫ࡣ
ٻͻȻվֱֱĿ㣬֮˵ʶʧܡ룬ԺΪ̫Ŀǰٷ֮١

ЦҾ֪ҲǼһƷҲԣһȦ棬ҵƷá
ٻûȥˣһ仰תġ



336 Ϲ
صֱۡܵߵĹҶ˼Ҷ˼Ƥûסȥռˡ
뷿䣬ŹѸߴϻ۽򿪣һѽɫľꡣ꣬ѵõóһϵź˵ϣ鷳ˡ
СӲ£һʲôֻƹˤȥҲǰ취ϻش㣬ӿ뵽ԺУоһɹѵʹ
ͼ֮һɹǽУʹвżࡣЩңҺȥȥһǳصˣҪȻ治˷Ľúϵ
ϵоʱŰ䵽֮УΪľꡣƿضҪӵмֲʵѹƣҲҪʵԵʡ
Ȼܣѹ£ڰԤ·ߣĿ
еҪӲĶ࣬ʹžİæԱϵĹ䵽֮СĹ£еھһ㣬ľ
ΪʱǸҲ׵ľ⿪ǣȴֻ΢΢ɶ룬ʯҲ˰ɡ
㿴Żһĵ׶ڸߴϻ۵Ƕ˼ֹ˼ɡҪǸߴϻƿ꣬ʵҪʮĿֲֻù֪ҪǾ굽ԼϣԼϾҪֳ롣
ںķ˲ʱڴһСĿӣǽյڵڵϡ
ڿˣо˶Ҫѣ̱ڵϣͼָֻּһЩ㵹ǲİˣָһЩĿתƵ֮ϡ֮󻺻ĴУҪеʲôȻôء
֮УһɫӰУתӲ󣬵ȴһаȵĸоرĶӵĹΣ˵ҪǣС
ϣʲôŬİƣѯʺϡ
ϴӽָгߣеɫӣһĽСǣϵӴɫӵı棬ͱɵһɶɺŬܽС
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䡭
ײһ޴ĺڶγɣľڶɽȥȴĵɳȥһѪҺ¶˱ڵ棬ҳһӡ
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ߵĹɫҰףûǴӦ棿
ڹ֮е㣬˱ƸָܶϣҲͬϵߣһҶϸоĵֻҪҶ˲ͻᱻɱ
оȫʢʱڣҪСοǴʱ
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ǣĺ£ڸ֮ۡУһӰغڵۡҪ㿴ĻȻʵֲ
еɫӣȻоĵǴбġȻѣεıƾƴԼƸۡ˽֪ҪǱ֪ıضᡣ˿ֲ֮ʥ֮ϡ
˾ע£ԭĶҲܶ㣬ʱϵϹǡһ׵縲ȫױ£ԭҫƣͻȻʼ
ԣǲ֡˶оƵƣǴ͡
ϵײϵĸ֣׸ȫԭʧһɶڻָɡָɵ㣬ץӣָϼѪҺٴν֮С
⼸ѪҺ룬ƺЩʵĿܣֻ׵ĸ£⼸ѪҺٴαա
⼸ѪҺպԭĿֲʧһɶɫ棬һɫģɫΧЩֵʱձ鲼һ㣬ʮֺţ֮˵鲻ԽĻһֱĻĸоԳˣһ
ԽԽأ˳׵ıɫΧһɫĶͷĶͷһӡǣӡǵĳ֡ϺͬľϹ٣Ϲӡôܣ
˲ŵĿͷо˼飬۾ɵϴ󣬼˵鶼Ҫ궼ɫˣһ̾Ȼ


337 ɫѪҺ
һɢŨ㣬㷽Բڣɫƣе㣬һŹֵʣǧһѤһ仨꼤䵽ĶͷϣͷӡǾԽԽ
ʲôϹ٣ʵδķ˴ʧɫ
ߵĺ϶һۣܿԷ𺳡
Ϲ֮ǰһ˺ųܸ֪֮˵ˡһ֮УΪֲľǻʥ֪˵ûдϹǿߣΪԼԡӶܻ
ͷǶɫӡǻ䣬żᵽϹ黨ӦϹ٣
ʵ뾳ǿ߳ѣӦһϣͽ٣Ϲ٣Ҳֻ˵δǣʷʫĴ˵ȻϡҲ˵ϣһλʵ뾳ӰĵǿߵӦϡ
ͺϸо˼顣ž֮ʵһССļҶ֮жϲ̨档ǣȻһλ뾳ǿӦϣ
Ǹǻ֪
һɫԺ֮УϺ˼һλǿߵ١ãҲ벻˭úɻǣϹ٣ѵ˵Ϲž㵽ĽѶ¸ôϣҪ˵ĻǵѵʵҲֲ̫˰ɣ
ϺʥҪ˵˭ȥʥ޿Ǳˡ
Χɻ裬һ仨ͷͷ黨ɢĹâͬʱеһɹ뵽֮Уһɹ£ԭɵĴˣȻҲ޸
㵵ͬʱ̲סϲʼЩꡣЩ£ԭһֱͣͲľ磬ʼеתʱ򣬴֮У͵һȫɻɣ׾޴ľһ־ĶͷȥƬ̼ûĶͷ֮УӦ
һҽУ˵ڵϣͷڵϴ
㣡Ϻ˾ڣҪǰǴ˿еɫͻȻһѪѪȫѪҺ۶ɣЩѪҺ㵱ɫϵġ
һεѪҺΧռͻȻѣ¶һڶѪҺɽȥѪҺԽռľ룬͵ĳڴ½һˣ׵ٶȣ䵽һռУһռɾ¥ѤѪҺɾʱɾâǣѪҺ֮ϻƣһ޴֡
ɾ¥УһʵƿֲƱ֮ϵ֡һɫ䣬Ϊ׵ļˣ̾һĽˣʥԤԹȻδ
ڼ˵̾Ϣ֮УѪҺĵɾΪĵһ¥УûУѪҺûеʱ¥֮˲豭ָ֮ƽֻһ¥ϿգһɫѪҺûռѿĺڶԽռ䡣
һӿʱ򣬵ڵϵ㣬еĻͬʱûͷ֮СһƬеʱһɫѪҺǰѪҺ黨ϣûĶͷ֮С
ѪҺĶͷֱоһȵ֮Уֺ;˲䱻ŵ˼¡
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Ѫ֮еƬ̾Ͱִ£̺űﵽǶʵ
ﵽǶϢŻƽϢܵͻȻǵʵ΢΢㶣û뵽ɫɫѪҺȻƷ׻Ҫֲ֡
ĸԼĶͷڶͷһɫ黨黨ĸ£ӳƤ֮£ȴĸоر黨֮УһĸоӿԺ˵ķ֣һεϵһˡ
ĸоֹһҪ̽ȥȴʲôץס֪ʵԵʡ
̽һ壬ȵǣɵĴ˾Ȼ޸˴롣Ⲣû̫ˡϾûȫ޸Ǿ͵û޸һһͬһƹӣˤһҲˤˤҲˤȻȱڲͬǶˡ
㿴еӣɹת͸ողʲô
ˣϴ㵵Ŀ㣬û뵽ܽϹٽ
ʼҲĪһڣĪΪҴ壬ҴǣƬ̾ͱˡ
ĻһеɫӣԭҪϹٵģ뻹ûпڡ㣬ҲĶ
ϣⶫʲôźϣָָеӡ
Ͽеӣ֪ٵ塣ΪϹٵ壬ȻǼ򵥵Ķοδ֪壬ϧõƷѹĶ»бĪ;
ҲţԺܻ֪ġ϶˵ĿֱֱĿ㡣ԽԽоˡ˫޵ϹŹͲ˵ˣξǵػЩ˵һѾˣȴ㲻ʲô
ˣⱦȻ͸Ǵ̺Լ湦Чһ챦
߾ǸʥŶˣеĶۺһڸϹӦϡϺȻоǰһգԽȥԽɻ
ã֮Ҳ̲ס̾һϹϣҲ֪Ǹǻ
㣬Ѷջȥɡ˵漴ֶżһĻɫĺȵ֮£˭Ҳ˵ȥ
Ը꣬ſϴżֹ˵ǰӺ׳뿪ѵҵָ֮ɣں׳ǣǰࡣ
ЦЦָ˵Сӵİں׳չôã͵ϷǷһ顣
ϵĻЦϵֵǮҲ飬ҪĻϣϰһ
ϵ˵ͷ漴תͷվںߵɨһ˵СӵĴҲܵõȻõУ㸸ΪѰһۼǶȻʵһǧ
źЦЦ˵


338 ɱ
֮ƵıȻ˲ˡȴӵòһϢ֪ʲôڵУȴ֮һǰĿռ䡣
ڵоǿӵͬʱҲϵź̸ѧ֪ʶԴΪ֮󣬾ͿԳ֮ˡֺ֮ųʦ֮֮һʦˣ
Ȼɱ֮ǲǽźϵҪǶֵġ֮ڵ˵൱ֲġҪǣҪǲ޸һӶ֮
㾪ȵǣͷǶ黨ŸĸоڸѧĸӵҪǣҲһɵĸоȻǿĸоˡ
Щߺϵʱ򣬺Ͽ׳һĿ㣺СôʹС֡Ҫ黨ã»гһáǾϴҪӵ黨ĻҵҲˡ
һ㶣ŵĿźϣ̿ˮ˵ϣ˼ǣӵ黨ҽﵽ𶼲õĻܵ˺
˺ǲᡣ̫ѣοǸͼˣ͸ˡ˵ֻ黨һ黨ǣ֮ܽ˵һ츳ͨ
㵹ʹʲô֮ˣֻ΢Ľһ£˵ӵ֮˵һͨǸоͷ֪ͣӵһʲôͨôûио
벻ͨҲͲ룬ѵѯӦδ
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ʲôˣ㿴ϴŵĵأɻеɻڵĶƣʲôһﵣĵġ
ҵõϢ˵ߴϻҪҶ֡￴˵
͵վɫͽȻ䣬һ˵ʲôʱ飿
ߴϻֻôҵļҶ˾Ǿ㡣˵㻹ǷһһﵹǴòˣ֪ȥԸ㡣
Ǻܴһɸߴϻץ㡣룬СһȻôץҶݵСӡ㵱Ȼ֪ӷ˵Եʡ
ô㣬ߴϻ˺ܴҪԸĻһ鷳
ôˡ㵭˵Ǳ˭Ҳȥ˭ɱ˭
˵꣬ȻֱֱȥΪ֮һ㶣̲סʵȥʲô
ȥ߼ң˵
һ仰һ£Ӧɫ䣬дž֮ɫ˵㣬ʥʦ
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ȥɱˣ㵭˵ۣ֮
һ仰ѪɫоǲǷˣܵʥʦȥɱˣѵ֪ʥʦʲô𣿴⳯͢ĻŵڡʥʦھǣŷƸ֮ܣȥɱˣȥŲࡣ
Ҫס㣬Ƭ̵ʧʧС󺧣첽鷿֪
ＱĴ鷿׼ȳ⼸䣬ͼ˵ǰʥʦˣ˵Ҫɱˡ
һ˵ȥſں˵ˣôʲôţ
ﱻ׺һЦһ˵һ²Ǻ˵
ˣüͷ˵˵ô£
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ż˵ˣȥɡ
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ңָָԼıӣʵ
ЦǺˣ
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һ仰ûЦǻûм̫ʦǰŵˡЩ̫ʦǰǹ˾ȻҪүԼ˭ǵʥ
ȥʥϣǻӣҲ̫ʦǰš
ôǲҲУǾҽȥɡЦЦ˵
üͷڸǰ˵û׼㲻ܽȥ
ҪִҪȥأЦүܾġ
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˵꣬Ʊӿ˹ȥ
ȣ̾һǶ֣ɱˡ
һ仰Ĺңһȭֱĺ
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ץסȻʵȴûһ㺦¡ǲ˸ɱˡ
һ̣ǾͲţԽԽԼ֮£ѣ˱һԣһ˿Ϣ
׵˺֣¶һЦ˵Ҫɱң̲סģɹֲҡ
ŵϵʬ壬ʥʦ֮ۡˣһ㶵Ŀ㣬оԴתһ̫ˣʥʦۡɱˣʲôһ˾̲֮ס˷뿴굽Ҫʲô



339 սӷ
ֳɱ̫ʦۡһȺȺΧ룬ǰֺ
иߴϻҡһȺΧ˺ȳһ̫ʦ֮ۡУһΧŭΪ׵ȵɱ
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·ߣɨ˲ӿһۣһ䡣
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֮Ҳ̫ʦ涯֡Ϊ׵һŲм֮ɫָһ㣬˫צֱץĿڡ
һһ׵缤ǿռƣһֱֱĺھϣԭľ׵Σ˲䱬俪ɢУŰ쫷硣
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Ѻ֮һĶһڶ̶ʱ䣬̫ʦ֮ǰʮʬ壬ɽһ㡣
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仰Ŷѳһѵˣ̲סһȻĿ㣬벻ܵɱˡ
ģһ𣿸ߴϻ۲ôһ˵Ҿ˲ĵ״ȴ޿κΣаż
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ӷһ˵ʥʦǰףѵĲ𣿡
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ЦЦν˵ȥԣǸ״ѣظʥʦе¸ؾָ֮ʾףк۹Ӣš
ӷ嶢㣬һ㶼¡ĵ΢΢üͷ֪ƾʲô͵ɱˣǵҲˡ
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һ仰ӷЦȻӢۡô꣬ǵһ˸˵˴󻰡㣬Ҫɱңɱǡұֻ֤ҪɱңھУҶˣǷëǡ
վһĻоɤӶҪˡ㻹˵ʲôйľǹӣѵ㲻֪ЩϼһԽԽֲӷ壬ǵʥʦĴڡˣȻûΪʥʦǶҲþ𶯵Ϲ
Ȼˣǽȥɡ㿴ӷ嵭˵Ҳøߴϻ֪ʲô˵ǲܴġ
ӷ嶢㣬ɫǾͿֶˡɱң㶨Ȼھ֮ϡɱңô
ӷɫվеķХ;ֹ
￴㣬ܹȥ㡣֪ȥҲùĵջƽôôһʯͷ顣
ߴϻʱҲӸۡ߳ĺӷĶԻҲԭءɱʥʦۡͬʱҪɱӷ塣
ߴϻֱֱĶ㣬ҪϿһʲôȴɫƽ;վֻôһվߴϻ۸оһĪѹշѹƵģһ̣ͬһδʵľƵġ
ߴϻ۲˵ĻȫˣѲ˵ģ


340 ֲʵ
Χ۵˿һһٲгĶţһ֪ӷ嵱ݵˣ͸ӹ죬̫ˣȻսľ֮һӣһھǲǶžµĴڡ
ǵ˼ܿ͵õĹۣΪվһ꣬һۿȥ·Ƶģһ̾ܵȼȻʲôûȴܴϸоһĪѹ̩ɽѹһѹͷ
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ƵĶ˺ѿռ䣬Ǻεȿֲ
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341 նɱӷ
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ųӷ壬Ǵһӣ֪

ĺ֮£ˮ۶ɣճһɫ󺣣֮ϣڶˮУӷȥ

һҽУĪӷϣˮĽĿ񱩣ӷȫĹҪƵģҽвϣͬʱǰѴҲֱֱĵգ棬û롣
ӷ˿ɿ£Ҳˣա
㿴ŵӰǴһ˿ЦҵǿŽ´ˮ޺ۺԭѣ滹ûá
ӰһڵյӷߣһźݺݵӷؿϣһӷյٶȸӿݣһƬҰףǹɹѪҺӿ˭Ҳûע⵽ӷڲϵĽӡ

ӷֱֱĵգڵҳһ޿ӣ󱳱ҵѪģ˿һĻһ͡رոոصĴˮͻʱǸо쳣ľֿ㡣
ӷǰгһָӷĺ΢΢
㣡ңߴϻŭȵ
ЦĿɨߴϻۣǴӣߴϻۣ˵ҸҲң
˵꣬ʹ̽ӷĺһ˿û飬ѪҺӷһĻøߴϻѪɫİһĴڸɱˣøߴϻ۵ɴ۾


342 ۣ֮
ѪĭǰȻ޲꣬һĴڣȻɱˣ
һ˸оվˣǵ̫ˣǸӰǾηȻһ˿Ĳγͬʱ̫ʦУһ𣬲ƽ
㿴һ̫ʦߴϻ˵㲻ǽɱҾɱ㿴
㡭ߴϻѪɫĿע£˵仰ǿ㻹ѪҺȥߴϻ˿ɣҪŭ㣬һԼɵӣ˶ɱԼʲô
ӷѪҺӿ̼˵ܾ롣һЩ˼ѹֵĺĴÿһ˵ĶС
ڴʱᴩӷ壬һӡǽʼʬ壬
һĻЦὣǰȻһĴڣΪᴩܳĴڣᴩ࣬ҲĪɱ
ԭΪӷǰһǣӷȻûжԸǼ䵽ߴϻߣ˵ڸߴϻͷϣһɹɾԪͷӿߴϻ֮С
㶵ĿһĻһĻǰڵвܿ
ӷľԪŲûмֶãͬˮӿ£̶ʮϢʱͳˡ㿴ľԪߴϻ۵У㵣ߴϻۻű
еľԪӡڸߴϻ۵УȻűãһԪȻװ׵ı˱ˡϵԺ𣬡ִҲ֪εõģҪ˵ëҲ֡ҪǣˣҪȫһ£ҪȻĴõɺôͲˣ˵ȫľԪһ㲻ȱĽԷڡ
ͺϵȻ֪ӷżȻеһ״Ϳʼߴϻۣߴϻ۱ĺԼһģһңߴϻҲһ״׵ĽܡҪǻɱˣͱѶˡȻͺϿӷľԪȫӡڸߴϻڣǸߴϻ߳ɾѾˡ
֮ȥ֮⣬ӰءǵĻ壬ȫһ˽д֮Ҳðٷ֮ܳɹֳɹҪģɹǾߴϻܺãȻҳɹˡ
ȫԪȫʧһٿݸʬӷڵϣߴϻ۹ĹһһԪﵽļ𣬼õġ
㿴ӷʬҲһ˿塣պľ֮һȻһ׸߼ңʹ߼һѡ
㿴ߴϻۣ˵ӷϣҶղƽϡգٸҴҵ⣬һʥʦҲȻնɱ
һ仰øߴϻɫҰס˿仰Сӻʲôģ
㿴һ̫ʦ买˹˵յʥʦǸֻһҶΪһССҶǣҡȻҪΪ鷳ĻȻΣնɱҡС
仰Ȼ˵Ĺевζʮ㡣Ҫ֮ǰ˵仰Ȼһ֮Աǡӷʬһסұ¶һ˿նɱĴڣûʸ˵仰۵ġ
ʥʦûд˵һȻʥʦҪǾýĹ֡Եǰȥ״㡣
һ仰ŹֵĿһ㡣֪ʲôȻ˵Ļ͵ĴɱˣѾǷ˼ɻˣҪϴ㴦ھԵơ
ûתͷߴϻۣŸߴϻ۵˵һҪ棬ǡƢܺã˵Ҳǳ𡣡
һ仰һԵ֮Աǣһ쵰㻹вǳ϶ؿľˡ
˶٣ֱֱĶŸߴϻ˵ۣ֮Ȼ㲻ȥԣ
һ仰øߴϻ۽ҧݣһ仰Ҳ˵
ûߴϻۣŲȥȻкܶ취ӦԸߴϻ۶ҵĲ֡ǣϾҪȥĿռˣûʱߴϻ档ôľֻһ飬ɱɱǲûмȴֱӵֶΡ
ûȫƾͷ˥һεѪӿѪҺȾ죬ոǰԾµʧһɶʱһƲصĲˡ
״ϽǰסܵϵϢһǸߴϻۻûɱ
͵ǣʹˣ߼е·¶ηɫ˿Ϊ֡ʹǸߴϻۣϻɴž塣
һĻﵹ̲סһۡĵӻǿֲȻһսЩĺû˸Ҷˡ룬Ҫڸߴϻ۵λҲࡣһոɱ˰˾ѵ͸Ҷֲɣ
ʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷӡȻǺö˿ֲôãҲֻܵˡһ˺ûСĴ㵹ǲģͼ֮еҵʱ䣬ָܻ߰˰ˡϴΣȻֲ㲻ʲôˡ
㣬һ̫ʦɻ˵ˣΪʲôʥʦܿɱӷ塣
ЦЦԸ⣬ʲô
ţɻĿʵ
㵱㸸ǰ谡㸸һֱСǴĬ㸸ײ֣Ҳֻܶ֡ҺӷԼԣӷǶ֡򵥵Ľ͡
һ㶵㶼㵽ˣ
ЦЦǳԵ飬ʥʦֱӶⶼҪҺӷ塣
Цѹ޿ָɱˡϾʥʦҪȥ״Ļ¡
ҡҡͷġ
Ϊʲôʵ
ûΪʲôǲᡣЦһʥʦҪƤȥʵǰһ꣬Ǿ̫Եˡ˳䣿
οҪƤʥʦȥ״ĻҲ
￴޵ĵɫҲϾͨˣɫƽ㣬вЩͬʱͣΪʲôľôܵأЩû㲦һʱ̻벻
ףΪʲôһֱҪˣ׵һߣԼ֡һȻԼһʱ׷ϵġ


343 ŵ
һսȻȫѪģ֤ʩչطǾˣһǻȻһעʲô鶼ױڳ˶ͿХ鱻ڳʤߴϻۼҲڳǸһƬȻӾȻÿ˶гԿʱﵽԸӵĵز
к֮ˣ㶨λǵһӡȻҲкܶ˰ӡϾǷôᵥǹƥɱ̫ʦۡǰӵţϯ۶һǾηмӣΪ˭Ҳ֪ӶԸʲôֶΡʱºͣʱʱ񡣶ھӣ˻ץǵµԸ񡣱綾Х
ȴĪ⣬ڵºڳʱ򣬱ȿХھʱ򣬱ȶʥʦǰһĻһһƺķӡˣ˭Ҳ벻һʲôʱ򷢷裬԰ǿ߶Ҫ淢ûܵסһʱΪһΣյ
Хϻһ棬Ƿ
֮һ仰ΪߵĺܽԵʣҲΪ˾ǹ֮һϳƾ幫ӡ
֪ЩʱЦ춼ˡǹһϯǴһУҲߡ
ھǷӵԽԽرʮ겻ͣȴ֮ϣ۷׷ס
Ȼһ˵㣬֪ΪľٶӵĳƺšҲ֪ԼһٳΪ˾ǵһӡȴͼΪԼˡ
ԭΪҪܺø߰˰ˣ㾪ȵǣֻǻһʱ䣬ͺ߳ɡӡͼԵʡӡɢȻܵ˵õ߰˰ˡ
ԽԽӡЧˣɻرǸоӡ֮ĸоǺ֪ǵɫѪҺ˵˭ΪʲôٻԼϡ
ƣҶ˼е̻ᣬһ죬תһİο뿪Ҷ˼¶ͬ֬һļӰһɻȡҪѺҶ˼סˡ
ôҶ˼ĺ̬ʧʱסһŮˡŮˣ΢΢һ㶡
ôӭңŵЦĿ㣬ȴôƽ˭뵽ǸʶСƺȻնɱ˰ĴڣҲû˵Ϊʹط˵ģ
УŵԸ֮áЦŵ¡
ŵս޳ʮ㣬߰ȶˣȴˣԸУظ촽ɢϢʮĿ˫ЦЦˮ˻ǡŵȻȲҶ˼ĵߵȴһ콿޵ķϡ
ôòȥ븮һΪҺˡŵ㡣
΢΢ЦЦŵ㡣ŵҲ֪顣һֱûʱѣ
ʱ𣿡ŵת˫Щ˻ǵ۾ˮתĶ㣬ʮˡ
ŵ㶼ˣûʱ䣬ҲҪʱ㿴ŵǴǳЦʮֵºͣЦҲܲá
ŵһۣҪ֪Ϊʵڼкһ꣬˷Ǽ顣ܵʥʦſȥɱˣһλҲ˰ɡ
Ǿ߰ɡŵǰͻȻ֣ܸоѹֱۣһ㶣ŮһѵԼ浽ͨɱĵز
ϲȴ¶һ˿״ԼôҲðڰףԼôþͱˡ
߰ɣŵ㣬˵
һֱ΢΢Ķ˶ײһŵ⣬ĺǲۼֱϴĻ治С
ŵɫ˺죬һ䣬ЦСһﲻѧãôС֪ռŮӱˡֻǷӣһСɫ
û뵽ľٶŵ֪ԼģҲһհٸȻɫȮô㣬ȻϣɻĿŵ¶һ޹ı飬ŵ㣬ôͻȻˣ
ŵı飬ֱЦͬһʢĽҪǲ֪ʲôˣǻᱻƭˡ
治֪ŵ˵ʲô޹˵ŵܲܲңñ˿̫á
һ仰˵ţϻ¶һߺ죬һܵı˿ȡЦģɬСģ쾡¡ֱҲ˳飬Ҳ֪⻹⣬Ħ˼ŵǰҪ·Ƶɽ塣
ŵɫ˺죬һۣһڣҲûзſ˵𶯣ߡ
޹ʼ磬кȻһЦָĲ
ŵִţһԸ죬˶ŵߣܿţ˿˵ܶ
ŵЦãһﻹǻװֲֻһ顣ŵʱ־úЦСƨԺ󻹲֪öСŮĵŵѣĵ׵ΪСһֶΣѻӵ
ŵҡҡͷҲߡ뻹ҪȥȳСӵĽƻ϶ɽ뵽⻹δͣȻЩʵŵûзϡ̫롣֮£Ҫ峺ĶࡣȻҲܶ굨Ķࡣ
ҲֻǸŽ飬ȴͬһź޹Ȼķʽռˡ
ڵԣŵһܵģʹĲ˲۾ǲǿˡȷʱ̲ס˴Ĵָ
ŵ˭ĺ׳֮һ֮˾ǣھҲżִɫʣȥݣҲ˶롣
͸޵ģˡ޲úһ׷Ҳһ̸ϲϲ˾ôŮܼҪĳ¡
ǣ˿Ů˾Ȼ֡ʲôٸŮ㶨ˣ
ǿ̫ǿˣĴָа
¶ֱ飬ﲻ֪ʲô˼롣˼Ͷȥӵ̲סһŵֲ֮òϡŮ˶δ죬Ҹոտʼȷ˵ȷʵЩĳ˵ס
Сһʲôأŵĳһҧűݵһۡ
޹˵룬ŵұ˿ˣԺҪȡЦˡﻹŮԸң
һ仰ŵɴ۾ͻȻЦŮӻҪ󣡡


344 
㱻ŵһ·븮һ·֮в˿һĻһĻúܶΪʧײӻǽϡȻ˵˭ʶŵЩݵλĹ壬˭֪һδŮˡǣڷɵܵһꡣʲô˼ŵ굱˿ʲôϵ
ǵΪǰߵĿԴﵽ˳ɣϾŵݺСǣⲻ˲ԡŵŲ۵Ŀռ䣬ҥԾˣ󴫵ŵ˶ˡ
һ·ŵţźܶ˶ͶעĿ񣬶ŵ˿ͻȻŵıȴŵסòеĲ
ȻŵռôıˣھĨŶûУѵû˸㣬Ů˵ı˲ռ𣿡
㿴ŵ˵˺˵
ոջŵЦϴżΪĻ
޹˵ûռ
ŵٸСƺ治򵥣ײĻȻʤӵĹϵ
Ϊռˡŵܲ˵ԣҪ𡣡
Ŀһŵ´һŵŵ͸ˣί˵Ǻðɣ̫ˡ
ʲôŵû㻹ռˡΪɣ
ŵ㣬ЦСһװҶûȤðһæ
Ŷ죬ŵ˵ðɣ˵ɡ
ŵЦĻ֦չһˣԺɱռŮӱˡ
ֹ˸˵Ů˵ı˲ռҲ˸߹ģռޡȻúľ
ûռˡҧţҪҰʲô
ȵ֪ȥۡŵ˵
㱻ŵŽ븮ҵ˼ǴСһ꣬ȻЩȣûж롣
ŵߵҴཾɰ㣬ֻһ仰ûˤڵء
ְ֣ܾˣ
о亹ֱֱðֱ漴һ˵ոսʲô
ְְôˣȻ˵
ûһƨڵϣԼôͻȻһŮҪ֪ñߡȵȣѵԼʮ֮ǰͿʼкˣ
ǸҾðɣǽиá˵
ûǰְֺáȻ˵ûаְ֡
仰ԭҪУ𣬶ʱͷаְǾͽаְ֡
ţЩȸԾתͷŵ˵ԺС衣
һ仰ʱоһıŵȴŵ˵ҽͽ򶼹ˣҴġ
˵ɣʲô飿㱧СһҲͦģôСĸ˫ˡ
ŵ˵һϷ
׷㣬ҵƣ㿴ŵ˵ŵľٶУܲ³һ
ǾǵһӣȻŵЦ
ϲֱӶȥǡõ𣿡㿴ŵ˵ø֮Ůһ˻Ǻɵ飿
Щ⣬ҵǲֻܶ˺Ƥ鲻ŵ˵
𣿡ί˵ŵ֪ģֻһҶ㶼˼ݵļһһҶϴ鷳ҿ㻹ұ˰ɡߴϻ۰Х
ǲʺϡҲϲǡŵ˵
ҸʺˡôС˵ȥֻᵱܵܣû˻ŵġ˵
ΪСҲŷİŵЦ
úίŵ˵үóɵĵطˣСˡ
οŵЦߴϻǿûþǵһӵͷסˡ
ǣһҶŴԸŵǹ
ûϵûǸҶɱʥʦģŵ㻹ܾŵЦæžܾһΣҸһô϶⡣
Լң۾һ鲻Խ˵ȥ˵ںͺˣǰھưɵֶΣôڻûǣ
֪СɫǣСһͱûʲôҲ⡣ŵһۣûΪ仰ŵ̫뷨ˡ
Ҫ׷Ͻ㣬㵹ǲŶŵЦСƨ˶δ󡣻Ǳˡ
ƲƲҲ룬ҪԸ⣬ָŴѵŮ˰ݵ¡
ŵ仰ѵõûзǵǣǵһӵͷǺܹõġ

㲻ŵĵĺ档
ŵЦЦİӦԼѰɡ飬ʺϵġֶΣСƨֵ飬Ҳϡ뵽һƣŵ̲סЦСһȻЩɫǲ֡
ڴһʱ䣬ŵ˵ʲôŲʱԭͻȻͣͷĶߣְ֣˵˸ߡˣ֪ÿС裬档
仰ͷðСŮĳ档ĵ̲סˡˮƽҲ̫ϲ̨ˣҪ빴ŮˣߵҲһҪֺáء
οŵôصĵλСһﶼ㶨Сһﻹʱʱĸŵ߷硣
ţȵȾ͸Ȼô˵ȴûƶ˼
ŵһۣʲôһۣȴ޿κΡ
ŵﰡող˵ȥˡ˴Ŷʮ߰ӣǷһּ͸УϴһɰԵϢƵǺ࣬Ҳһ
ѵһΣô͸׾һŵǰЦЦЦݺ
Ȼŵӡ˵ôŵӲӭǣ
˵ЦˡֻæԸ˷ʱѡŵһЦҪȻӲҵġ
Ǻǣŵӹˡ˴ǰǸ׵ŵǰ͡ˬʵ˵
ŵ¶ɫ⡭
ôˣʵ
ˡŵͻȻָָ㣬¶ɫ
һ仰㶼ԭءȻ֪ƣû뵽ŵֱӡȴǸоЩӦǰСƨʲôϵ


345 
㶵Ŀ㣬ԴƺЩףʲôϵ𣿡
ŵƺķӦһ㶼֣ߵǰֱۣ˵磬ĲȥĻܲ˵ġ
㷴ӦٳٶҲʲô˼ǿģɫʮֹŹ֣ոսʱͰˣⲻһСƨѡ
ĵһӦŵļһһ仰üͷС裬Ͱְִҳȥɡ
ְְָ֣֣
˵ȻǳŤͷ˵ְ֣ȥ档
ɫڱ˱䣬ܾò˼顣üͷȴ
磡˼ҪȥˡʱһȥݷӲġŵЦЦ׼뿪
վסŵŭȵҵ̬ȣ
ŵתͷЦ棺ΪӦʲô˵
ŵˣԭǿƵ̬͵Ľס漴˵ŵӦԼݡôܺһ壿
ʲôݣŵЦһѸѣǻںʲô꣬ҪԸ⣬ؤҲԡ
㡭ŭգƺŵһƣվǵԼݣһƲҴȥ
ѵ𣿡ȵűŭ
ʲôϵŵ˵ӲĶӣֵܷϣҲƽϡҲҪǵԼʲôݡŵȻ㵱翴ҵĸ飬ǡ
ŵԸʶ䡣ѵ֪⴫ȥңʲôӰ𣿡ЩĳȰ
ھѾ˰ɡŵЦҲʲô˵顣˭˵Ͳܺһˣ
ֵܵǰչ㡣Ҷϲܿˡŵ˵ȻƺΪŵƵġ
ŵҲŭҶлչˣҵ˽飬ǲҪ֡ǱߣԼȥ͵ģ絣ġֻǣҼǵ˵ҪҵԼϲˣͲӲ͸׵ҡ֪ܲܶˣ
仰ˡⲻǵΪ˸ŵºӡ˵µһ仰û뵽ŵ仰
Ҳһ֮ף˵ĻǵðɣŵЦ
һеȭͷȴţȻǵáҪǲֵϲУǲǻһֱϲ
Żġŵ˵
һСƨѣʲôֵã˵
ŵͻȻչһЦֱֱĿ˵ҪѹŵԺ׺ӲİšȻҪѹǾͲҪҺΣ
һ仰һ㶣漴ĵ͵һϲŵͱˡŵѲɹ취̨¡ԽԽܣôҶϣߵһŵĨôܾӣһ̨¡
ԭŭģʱϾչŵ˵ȻҪһСƨʤˡԺҲûˡ
ŵ仰ЦĸЦǰ㻳ǰǷ˶᲻ơŵ޵̬ʧĶŵ˼¡
˵ֻԼ˵ЩͷˡʱͣǰСĵ˵һ䣬Ҳһ仰𣿡
ȻŵЦеĿ㡣
ŵЦЦͻȻŵ֫ŵɫһ㶣뵽ڵһϷûƿоֽ֫Щֵ󼸰ѣŵ޵ֱҧвϵ˵Сһﻹǻʱʰ㣬ıҲռġ
ŵк޵ֱҧʱ־ȻȻ䣬̵ͦęŵװźȻĴ֣ȴЦ棬ûһ˿״
ŵˣдϲٺ٣ҪҰ㼸ѣп඼˵ıˣҲôռģ
ɺȻĴŵϣ˵ŵ˵ĺܶԣҪȥңһܲ˵ġ
Сӣɿ֡ըˣСӾȻҰַŵֻĵط
ں˵𣿡ָԼıӣ˵ǸǲǾҺܺ۸
һ仰ֻŵֱֱĶ㡣û뵽˵ôֱӵһ仰ȻȷʵôõģһҲֱӵĵ
㣬Ҳ˵ĻһȻھ߶ҵţҪžǵĻǲȿХ١ոյĻҲˣҪǲĻӦ֪ôɣ
ͣ˶Ū֣۾Ц˵ܱǸҸǲãûš֪˭𣿡
ɨһ۵ѹˣ˭ʮϢ֮ڹҡҪȻ
һ仰㵡ŵǿЦգգЦǰ
֪Լ仰˵ˣȻŵЦüͷŵ
ŵվǵ⣬ѵ磬⻰㲻Ҫ˵ȥЦġ
üŵ˵Цʲô
ŵգգ۾ûм˵ʲôֻŵٶۿ˵ҪȻ
ʼХǰҲ˵治֪ǺոյĹԭⲻ͸㡣ͲˣһŵСӡ
֪ŭôĿӿȭͷһȭ׼׼֣ŵĻĶ𣬡㣡
˭ձءĻû˵꣬ȭͷ͵סȻɴ۾Ŀ㣬ɫ֣㣿
ŭˣ˭ѾĽҷҶ̫
һ仰ԭ񱩵ʧһɶдż־塣¼Ҳ˵ľ֮һӷУʥʦ֮ۡǰӷʥʦԵ΢
ŵĿǰ꣬еĴһ䣬һŵŵôһһȻţȴ֡
㣬֮źһԭӣѹ˵ХҲˡҪŵһ𣿡
㿴ŵȻѾ鷳ˣҲûк˵˼οŵ˵һĺô
ȻҪһĲϲɧƢ̫ã֪ʲô顣
һвɫһٱ䡣


346 ŵ
ǰЦݲö޺꣬һ˼ŪЩëҲǽմȾ˲ѪҺǣնɱһǰһĪѹرǿЦݣ뵽ЩԣȻ̲סһ
ŵŵǾ仰˼ȻŵΪôʤ㡣ȻоܵĪĳ裬һˣܸе裬˿ֳΪ֪ӣ᲻һͷͰɱˡ
磡ȥɡʲôʱѹס㣬ʲôʱҡŵЦ˵
ɫĪɫѿĿת㣬ȴûٿһֻۣź棬ǸоһĻ淭ڶ𣬵վұһ۽ŵǣһҪŵӣҪǵԼݡһһ𣬻ܶ
ŵһ۵ѾˣҲں
仰ɫ˱䣬վ뿪
ŵ뿪һҶϣһֳôһĻλܻԼɡŵ㣬ƻãųԺٺܶ鷳Ǿǵһӡ
ôأԷ뿪ŵʵ
ոպ𣿡ŵЦſ㣬޶ˣɢַ顣
ɫһ㶣ϽߣǸڼȥһ£Ѻô׼áϾ
֪Ůϻ㣬ȻúôҪãһҪ˶õطáŵԸԼҲûнڣܲԼ˵ȥ
һ̵ߣŵЦЦû̫ϣֻǾ˴һЩѣΪͲΪˡﶼʥʦۡǰɱԼȥҪ˲Ź֡
磡û߶Զһ˷ܵο첽ܵǰųȵĹâ
δʱһĳݣ벻ϵһ磬Ȼ춯ص飬붼롣
㿴ΣĵҲһϲЩɻ㣬˵Щ㣿
ȻҪģ˷ֱֱܵͷʾǣ֪Ķ㡣
˭Ρ
ιŹֵĿһۣ漴ŻشĴ磬һλҲҽ׷ߣҽ㲻ϲ˼ˡ
ǲǻʲôݣţŵӴ࣬ż̸ʱŵλöֹǸ֮Ůѡ
粻֪𣿡ο㣬漴ͻȻ򣬡Ҳǣǲã˽Ҳ
֪˭Ů𣿡㡣
˭ģ֪ĸ˫ǲ֪˭Ů
˵
һ仰һ¡۶ӵԪ˧ŵ۹ػ֮ƣһ˺ʥʦа壬ʤ顣һŮʱȴԼš
һǺʲôϵ
˵꣡˵ҸףӲ˹ϵܡҵλ㣬ҲΪҹϵӶ¡ĴȢҴ㣬Ӻŵ㶨סĸ֪ˣҴͽսɳҽ㸧ӣҲսɳսǰһ£Ҷ׼˾ٰŵ㵱ʱȻδ򣬿ɻǴӦǣ׼ٰİ£Ҳսɳ
һ㶣û뵽ŵ
Ȼأ
֮Ȼˡǽδ˵δ顣˵⣬Щ㻹δ򣬾ͳΪ˹Ѹǰһָ
Ϊɥʧӣŵڽʮչˣ簮ӡһΪ˽һѸ壬塣˵ԣǽݡ֮Ů㲻ʲôˡ
ŻȻԭŵһϵŵ콿޵ŮˣҲһͬ顣
ô£
Ȼŵ㵱Ķϱȴû޵˼䵽ǵУд˼ҵĳ˼ȻϲȴֱӾܾλҲһֱ⡣˵
˵ͷֹѹŵԼˣҪģźûؾλ
Դû뵽⻹ǣ۹ĴϡŵıҲ̫һЩ
磬ôҪȻȢҽˡͻȻһ仰ûˤһ仰վȣְ֣Ȣǡ
һΣô
ܲͶҲǺֵܣǰչŵ㡣Ҫ뿪ȥ˾ӵĻ˾ǹӪҲǺһˡλش
һ䣬һﱳôֲ̫֣ŵǻ鷳ҪһβԼĺôĻãҲȥˣȻɫһ¡
ٴ˵һŵҵڳһۣ漴˵Ҫô
Ը̵ͦęϵŤͷŻͬʱҲϽθϡȻΪʲôҪǻǹԹԵĸϡ
ξϴһΣȻı˲٣ûų
һֱߵһ鷿ǰŵֹס˽Ų˵ʲôߣ
ξίˣҪţ治ԸҪ뿪׼סˣ֪ŵôԸԼ
Сƺû˼ʰ㡣ŵֵİһۣǣ
ŷſΣſѾ˯ŵ鷿
Ҹ׵鷿һŵ˵
ϲ𣿡һ㶣û뵽ŵط
ڲڶûϵǸҪôڸ㡣ŵ˵
һ仰ͷȣŵѵҪԼϷɡʱԼҪҪأһ⡣ԵԼ֣Ҫһǿô죿
Դʹˣѡѡ
ʲôŵʵ
룬׼Ƥ޺
ţҪЩʲôŵɻ
һûãŮ˲Ű
ûû£㲻ɵĿƵĿŵȴԼô
һ󣬲ŵ֣̲סѵ㲻Ҫ𣿿Ұ
һ仰ŵϼһƬ⻰̫ˣ


347 
ŵСһﲻֹǹ⻹ˣŵƤվû˵ȥ⻰壬ǲܵƣҪȻСһϡʱεĻԼ
ʥʦۡǰɱӷ壬ʥʦȻؿһС궼Ϊ᲻һɫ𣿡ŵЦ
Ҿ͸ҽ¡ĵҲʥʦ
ŵɫһҪǱʥʦԸͺƵˡǰ꣬ȴ˿ΪȻɵͲʧΪǵһӡ
ʥʦٲſʤнյĵλֶȻ˵ɬĸߴϻܱġŵ˵Ҫ㣬ȷϢֵܵ
ôҶɱˣ鷳ɱ˾ǣɲ˵
ŵЦЦʥʦڵ۹ᣬȱ˵ɱɱˡɱϾͻѹ㡣ʱ򣬵Ҳﲻһ˿һο֪ʵǾ֮ѡȻ֪ϴʹʲôطﵽֵزҲΪطһֱá
㲻ɷõЦЦȻӡİʵﵽ𲻻ܴǣȴ١ҪǣںҲ˺ȻƵá
ŵ˵Щ˼ǣɻŵ
ʥʦһҺҪҪĺô֮һŵЦſ㡣
ҪҺôЩⲻˡ
ŵЦȻǶõĻ˿Թá˵ǲǴкô
ʼҪʲô
ŵ˵ұ֤Ȥģõ㴩ԽһյأһءһǴɵӽȥҲһ֮ıء㾫֮ʵټ츳дһʱĻ֮ѴﵽҪбۣ֮ڵҲûС
仰㶣𾪲ѡɵӶܱ֮Լ֮ܵĵطųɾҲΪֻ֡ĵط
˵УǾȻСҾȱһܽȥҲΰҵĺôôôɣŵЦ
㵹ǲﵽ֮ĺôʹܵϾҪﵽ֪֮ҪõȻҲҪ޸пܡ
㲻Ǹһ翵ĳŵѡɲᱻƭŵѵΪʥʦĶɣ
ŵЦҲǲŶͿҲʥʦһˣֻҪʤҾа취Сʤһ£Ҷڳ
һ㶣ŵıǲٻĻ
˵˵ȥǵҰ㡣˵ɲ˵ĺô
ʥʦһģǰֻ˵ĶĴôСôǣʥʦֵʱһᾡġô𣿡ŵ˫㣬ת֮䣬ջɡ
ŵ˵ŵʱ΢΢Ťһ壬ęĻԲǰͦҪ·͸ɢջ鷿СĿռ䣬йŮԳʱʱʱĿ˿ŵǰ·ĵʱѿԼܲܵסŮˣҪǿԼӶ
ΣôܲݸոһϷŵ۾㣬Ǹطĺôûȫ˵ɾ
㿴ŵ˵ôһջ󣬿ҪŵһջĻһŵϷġŵҪһ飬Ҳϵġ
ŵ㿩ЦƭСŮ㲻СŮţ
ҡҡͷŵɲСŮ
ŵһ۵ʲô
ŵѵ֪Լջ𣿡ЦЦ
Сƨʲôջ󣿡
͸˵ӣεĺҧһڵ֡ܲ˼˵ɫ˺죬Ϊɬ˵仰Ƶġ
ŵԼĶͷоЩӦˡڵСѵô𣿾Ȼʲô˵ŵܶ๧άǿԴɬĹάʱлϲġ
ôСôɫԺ󳤴˻ˣŵ׺ݵĵһ۵ãȻɫһ㣬ǻûԸʶ䡣̫ӵܺöˡ
Ȼŵ뵽˵һ顣
ðź⣬ĵҪŵ֪ԭԼϷġ᲻ᱻŵһƳȥ
ãǼӦڶӣԲŵ֪
СһҪٵ㼸꣬㳤һЩٿʺϲʺϣŵ˵仰ȻĿЦЦʱظһһʵģƺҪŬҪתȴþöƶвϵ߶һƻһƻ
ŵЩֱɫ˺֪ȥˣУҪԴһһʲô飬Ǿ˶ˡ
ãСһﶨŵȻ񲻰֣廹Σһ
Ǹŵ㣬ȳȥһҧЩˡʮ壬̫ܲջˡ㵹ǺһأҲֻѡ
ţǵ´ҪϷʱһ㡣ʥʦǱ֣߳϶Լ֡ҲҪģʲô鶼һۡŵ˵
ҾҪ뿪ˡЦЦǲԸңֻҶ̻ҲУҶ̻ɽ𻢡ԣŵչһ
ŵ˵ͷһϵġ
仰һҶ˼ֶκʹڼŵıʥʦһƴ֮ġƴˣλʥʦҲҪ˼ɡ
鷿ȥŵ͸ĽеĻЩ˲
ŵЩǱӳȥֱЦСһﻹ˼
˵仰ʱ򣬴鷿һ̾һһӰվ˵ôϲ𣿡
ףŵˣϽվŵһֱ˵ϲǸǶţ˵Ӵʱ顣ŵΣֻܳ²߸ǡ
ҡҡͷǣ㡣Ͳɻһ꣬˻ô˵㣿
ŵ˵ûϵҵ١ң֮Уסĵģֻ㡣
ҡҡͷ㰡ǺӾô㲻ϲ𣿳²ܾ
ŵϻһҡҡͷûм˵ʲô֪ҳϣһġǣЩ鲻ǿ
ˣȻԼ˾Ҳ˵ʲôҪǶԣҪʥʦ̫͸ʥʦеô򵥡㻹Щ飬㵽ֹҲҪߵ̫͵ϵ̫ܡλҪΪ޼䣬֪һλô롣ϲһĻ
ŵɷִ硣ŵ˵û˵ʲô


348 
ڼҵĶںƺƵĿʼҵĶʮ׳󣬳ϼ˶ʮҵĸ֣ԼҵһȻٶˡ
УӵҲ٣ʮˡգ˶С
ӵҵļٻүүƺƵһȺˡ룬һλǴֱʣ˲ҾӢ
ҼһζԴ̬ȻҪĶ࣬ȻնɱӷҲĶǰֻо֮겻ѣ˭뵽ӷ嵱һ߳復ǵôһС
Ҽ׵һֱֱٻ㣬ٻһɫȻ޲޹ǣݾţͬдϸף͵վҲ޲
Ĺȳĸо㿴ʮܰٻ㣬ܸ˴
㣿һͻͻȻע⵽ߵһ꣬źͿХ˲СȻ˧ǿȴͿ֣ʶһ£
һ仰˵ĿⶼתеֻҵЩûнһı֮ľ磬һȻʧˣ̶ȿ֪
ҿʵĶ٣ҪõĻѾﵽ֮ˡһȫԼ˾ǵĵһӶᷢʲô
ȻҲ֪Ȼնɱ˰ǲʵûʩչطǰ˶أط˵ʩչˣڹϣܲʩչɡ
עٻ񣬲Ҳ֪Ϊʲô㿴һƽˮٻ㣬ڸ̾һջˮ֮תͷȻĴ󺰵ԭ㰡ҡ
ɫʮֵ˷ܣƺʲô˵ƵġһӵѵҲɣ
һ仰һ˲ûѪֻǰͻȻ˷ܱİŹֵĿһ۵һǲʶ

ʱЦЦǲΪȻ˴ʶСҲ˵նɱָ֪ܲһУ
˵˵ˣӲ˽ǽСȭŶһ飬ָ㣬һʲôƾҵˣָٰʮҲûʲôһǴʦҾûǷģ
ӵһĵһɵǸѵ˼һ˼ս㻹浱ԼǴʦָ˲ɣ
Ҳû뵽˵һ仰Ц˵Ǿǵһӣڿ鴫
ʲôǵһӣ˭ҹͷͷϣԾʵ
ӵž仰һЩСҲ֪䲻ͷȻСʤһ¸ߴϻۣնɱһǣҪ˵ǵһӣǿǲϡ˭ǵСϵͬѰ
ǵһȫʺϵҵ㡣Եҵ㣬Ҫ۹һӣߴ½һӲǿպϡȻټϴ½һ˧磬ǾͺܷҵʵˡȻ˵˿ûע⵽ӵһսȭͷҪļһһٵ˼
ʹٻ㣬ʱ̲סĿһۣ漴˺󼸲㱣һľ롣
㿴ϲ̵ģٻ㻹ʶȤ֪ԼŲ࣬Բλ࣬䲻Լΰˣ鲻Խĺˡ
Ǻǣ˵Ц۾㣬лСôῴһҪƤļһļһСԸû˶ȥͺܲˡ
Ȼӵܶ˵СϵǳɡǻǼ˵ҵ˼ǣӿɲΪָУ
ԭЦɫ͵һ䣬⣺㲻񣡡
һĻ˷ӦһҲ̫˰ɡոջһûûƤɫھͻȻٻֲ֣̫ˣ⵹ǲʲôҪӵܿոջºЦ⣬תۼͻ֣ǻܲ˰ɣ
˵񣬺ŭһ뵽ɱˣվ˵ȻնɱȻ񡣿ǣֲֿʵҲÿһζóɣ
ģطʩչһξ͹ˡȻÿһζõĳΪҲǹͶԸ𣿡һ
һȻÿζóʱʱĿһ䣬ǹ˼Ĵˡ
ǲ֪ɷһֱֱĶ㡣
һ˵ûȤУ׷ŮҪƾԼ£ΪУԼܾΪСɵӲŻ顣Ҫ㣬ôֺС㣬о仰ô˵ţֻҪͷúãûǽڲͷ̫ѿˡ
㡭ɫ࣬ߺ졣쵰˵ֱ̫ˡٻ˵ЩղҪԼҪء
ˣҶûʱ֡Һȷĸ㣬ǧҡҶءĿʮ˵
һ仰ɫ˱䡣ɱ֪ǳվûмڡһҵʥʦǰɱˣѱҵż峤ɱԼ
ںĽаӵһ̾ĵѵľûѹס
ҵЩһĻЦЦûзʲôۡҪе㼤źá
ߣ˺ֺٻ㲢СȻԼΰԼҪ׽ȺڡΪԼ㣬ñ˸о߲ʣҪġ
ιΪ򷢵һӬѵͲл𣿡Щˣ˼ŵ֪Լôءٻ̫ˡ
ٻ㿴һ۵߻һֻ
ܾȵʵУ
ٻ㿴һۣ˵
ٻɨϽûзֲӬкЦٻҲƭˡ
ҪǿϣոҾͳʰһΪģ
ٻɨһ˵Ҫ£Ͳˡȭͷˡ

Ů̫ˣ
ȻһЦⶼ㿴ˡ
ٻ仰Щ̲סЦˣǻסֿһ䣬üʵʩչطôأ
ЦЦ˵ڵ֮ǰΪáԺֻܿԼʵʵ
ô˵ٻ˵ͷͻȻ˵ҪǰϢȥ˵ǻ᲻鷳
ģ
˲ðһ仰


349 ҹ
һ·ϣҵȻ㲻̫Ѻãվû˸鷳Ҽ·£һ˻˲ٵʱ䣬ڵһطһһֻ޴ʯڵϣʯÿһ鶼׸ߴ·
޴ʯмĿռ䣬ҼЦڵˡ
ǰǻĿռ䣿
ҼشʯǻĿռſ򡣻ĿռʯмСֻ˶ѡ㿴ʯмһֱӴ
ǴͨЦЦʯ֮ĿռûʲôͬҪ޴ʯ־˭뵽лһռ䡣
ҼЦʥĪ⣬ͨкܶࡣЩ˴Сˡʶһ£ϹʱڣǺεȵķˡ
ЦЦҲЩ
ˣ˵Щˣϣһܴ򿪻Ŀռ䡣˵⣬ҼЩ֮꣬ŻѪļ˶򿪣ôȥˣ򿪲ˡʵڴռ䣬ڵƵġôģǻһԴ򿪡
ҼҲ֪ռҪˡȻƣǺܶ˶ӵˣЩ壬ԼŻʥѪ֮塣ʱǷƱá
ȻڴռĻϡʧܣѾעˡ
ǰҪʲôʱܿҼ
Բ֮ҹҼ˵ʱ䣬Ҳ½ϵȻҲǸϵˣһӪҲһȶȹɡ
ҼĻ£һȺ˿ʼƬŵطΪǰŵطܺң豸ȫһûз¶޵ĸо
ҹϡȻ£ĹԻڵ˷ǡ㿴ٻһڿտĵطҹ磬浾ŮˣǰٻߣٻĿֱֱĶͷϵĳ񣬾š
˵ϻ᲻ˣٻͻȻ˵һ仰㵣ϻشаɡ
УٻɻĿ㣬ô֪
ҵļ磬һĴ˵϶Ůӡ˵⣬ͷϾǸ
ٻ㿴һۣȻ뵽ȥ;סΪ顣
ЦôҪΪ飬Ǻܶ˻ʹҵЩӵܣҺһЩͲóҡ
ٻ㶢֮˵һ䣺ʵǶ֪ϲе˭Ҳܺһġ
ţɻĿٻ㣬˳ٻĿ⿴ȥȴһߵЦҼ绹һʫ֪ϹڣϦǺ꣬˷ȥֿ¥ߴʤҪȥˣ¾Ͳôá
ٻ㾪ȵĿһ۵벻㻹ʫ顣ߴʤǼʹǺ㣬㲻ȻʲôںǷ׷ʵ
û뵽ٻ˵һ仰㶺شΪߴʤҪŬǿܲ·Ҳ䡣
ٻ㿴һۣ漴ͻȻ˵϶ôȥģ
˵һɵȥˡֻ϶𲻼ȥɷһ棬Ӧûįɡ
ٻĻһۣһĹ£Ȼһįˡ
Ǹٻ㣬ҲȥˣҲįġ˵
ٻĻֱӣĿֱֱĿһ˼֪ʲô
뿪ʣ뵽Ů˲˵վûпڣٻ㾲
㲻𣿡ٻ۹һ˿ͣ˵
Ӧףκβҡ˵㣬ʲô鲻Ҫû¿˵ﲻǾǶԹҪʲôˣֱȥʰǡ
Ҫȥʰأٻ㶢˵
˺ġ㾪ȵ˵Ҫִ˵ĻҵǿΪѵİæ
˵æٻЦЦǲݣﲻˡ

ˣԼɡٻ㣬ž
ʼ磬߹ˣվߵǰ˵㲻ҪָǾɡ
һ㶣û뵽
֮ٻ˵
ЦЦתͷǸŵӰ˵Ȼ֪ʲô¡ǣо仰ноƽΪ轣ɡ
ٻһ㶣עı飬ͻȻչһЦЦͬٻţ
ʧĿٻ㣬Цݣܰ˵񶼸ǣȥ
ȡΪԼΪеɳܡľٶȻҲͬһĳɻѧʱ椵ֶΡ֮;úܺЦ벻վȻ¡
ҲˡǺǡɵЦ˼䣬˵ҪҴǾԼ
˵꣬㲻˵ʣʼ趯Ǿ̺֮һ׽ƮȻûɱý趯ʮǹ¹⣬Ψžҹļ
趯ԽԽ죬ٻֱֱĿ㡣Ҳûг֣Ϳ趯
㵥Ʈݣһ̵㣬һʿһͻȻſ׺ʫ׵Ľơ뻹Ǵͷͬڵֽ׵ľٶѾɵˣʫ͸һˡ
ԭΪ֣趯һ֮󣬶Щɻ󣬲Ҳûй
㽣ǹ㣬өһƮݵĽٻ㿴Ŀתɫţ룬֪ȡӣȻǺ촽Ĵ
ǹ⣬¹⣬轣ŮһĻɺгİ˳еĻ棬оԼЩٻ㣬ǵһμŮ˹
̾һվѰϵջȻ뵽һ仰㣬һٻĿ࿴
Ʈ㣬ЦЦĵ׶㵹ûжٻˡ꣬ȷʵЩڲͬ
žҹӰӵڵϡȻŵ𣬿ȴ쳣İһЩһĻߣоĶ˼ſŵͽƮЩߣΪ⣬ʵͻƣ



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ٻ˼ÿڿտĵطͷ漴ŵӡԼԼǣÿٻĵ轣һһϵʮĬͬվһ࣬͵һ챣ͬƣظŴظĵӣظĽվظλá·ǻطŵһ졣
ʱ䣬Īľٶת۾šûҲûж˵İһԴ㣬Ȳ׽ֲᡣ
콣ٻԴ̬ûжı仯ͷơѵԲһΣŮôͲжأ
ת۾ţڵ峿ĵһʣڿտصطٻ㣬ͻȻһ˵ԵĻģԸ϶𣬴ǸįĹ㺮
㶣죬϶û뵽ٻͻȻ˵ôһ仰
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ʲôٻֱֱĶɫЦٴţүүǳˣҲ߰ɡ
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ǵػʯľŴ塣ŻѪҲǳưһĴڡˣֻÿһζԷŴҲһȻûֵɱɱĵزǶԶԷķȴûٹҼ͵ػʯô꣬ʱûĿռ䲻ҲáϾ⻹άֱĺҪһ򿪣ĺҪɳˡ
Ҽ˵̾һ˵ǣѵΥֻܾ򿪿ռ䡣
ЦЦ˵ǰҲõģǲǱ˾ǣ˸ǣǻɱ𣿡
ҼЦǲӵš
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˳Ҽķ˹ȥϰˣҼͶȥעΪ׵˶ҼЦЦ
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ҼΪ֮ûмȥת˵ͬСÿҶһЩơ˵ɱ𣿡
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Ҽһ㶣ɬݣû뵽˵һ仰ȻͬĻȴмֵһʮ겻ָ꣬ڵ졣
Ǻǣˡ˵ˣԲռɡϣһΣ޹ҼЦ
ЦЦ˵һΣһᡣ

һ˾ڿտ֮أĵȴҹĻĵȴʱĺ㵽ֻܼʱǶϣҪľǴˡ
ֻǸѴܴ˲١
ˣ㱻Ҽѣջ񣬿գʱҹĻѾ֣֮ϣڵԲ£ƶ£ŹɺƵȺվž޴ʯǰȥ
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һƶ¶һǣƬ̼䣬ĳ˵УʯԵ
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ҼĻµʱʯϵͼȻʯڵĻۣʼһƬ̶ʱ䣬ʯϾųǧƬ֡
㿴ͬðƬͼȵʵʲôƬ
Ƭͼͼ֮һҼش
һ㶣ЩͬðƬƬһ壬צӣףǣһһлĳ֡ʯڸռһ룬ߴףұߴβ
Ϥͼԭءǰצͼȴûһαȵ𺳣״ľ޴ʯ渡һͼ𺳣޷ġ
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˿һĻڶѪҺٴμȥʯϣԭıѪһɹѪζɢѪҺ鲼壬Ѫѭϣ鲼壬Ψ˫֮УѪһ˿벻ˡ
ҼһĻ̲ס̾һڵһҪʧˡ
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߰ɣЩ˳ڶͬ˵ܲԸٿȥˣռȫͲܴ򿪣


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ֻѪҺܱߵѪȻ˳ȥԭѪϳȥ۵Ѫ⡣Ǵ˿̣ѪҺܱߣٴγ֮ۡϣֻѪҺ
ѪҺƶѪҺƶʱѪΪ·һ
ѪҺƶһҡϵѪҺһסԭΪһ޹벻ʱıʡ
رעѪΪ俪ѪҺһĵ𺳣ѪҺһȻоµζ
ѪҺƶٶȲ죬ڻ˲ʱŵ׵λá˶סȭͷţЩ˼ӿô꣬һ״
ס£ѪҺĽӽ˫ͫһǸоĶҪˡ£ѪҺȻ˫ͫУԭ޴˫ͫѪ
һĻһЩ˾ܲˣ̱ڵϣд˷ܣռҪˡ
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צͬ𺳣ע𵴵צ
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˸оѪȣ⻪Ŀռ䣬ǵдˡһֱֱĶŴţȴֻҪŴ򿪣ǾӿС
Ҽ׼ͬʱĿ⿴վߵ㡣˲֪ѪҺģȴĿˡ𵱳ѪҺͬһ˵ѪҺرܣ;ò˼顣жôŨĻѪ˵ز
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ҼȻ֪ʲôЦЦǲʲôѪ֮ȻܱȡãȻܰѪתɻѪ
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ֻܱܿ⳱ϫ籩ԼСȥʱҲȥǱǿϫ籩͸ϽܿԲСҼһص˵
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Ҽ˵ӾͿʼ³״ҡҡͷֻεķתͷˣЩ˴вԸ֮ɫվûб¶
㵹ǲ⣬Ͳ÷ֲܡ
һ䣬˵ԸɣСһ㡣
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ӣҪߴҴ߹⳱ϫ籩㿴ǰŰĿռ籩һ˵
ӵܵĿⶼ㣬üͷ㣬ǰܼĿռ䳱ϫܴ߳ȥⲻЦ
ģߣһӵܺڣЩӵĲ鲻ԸĽӣȥ
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ռ䳱ϫһܷ䣬쳣鲼ռ䣬ľĿռ֮Ű籩ϫǵصƺҪһжɡ

һҽУ֪ĸҵӵܣռɨ˱ʬһ㣬ɢռ䣬ŨѪζռ䣬ӵܵ˺ɫҰס
ҪߡܿһƬռ籩󣬶Щӵܺ
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ӵܵͷٵǰ漲۶ȥʱһϫ籩Ȼ߶ߴ˹
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ոϵһĻۼˡʱҪǲգӳĻ⳱ϫҲܱܿ뵽Щ˶ǻеģȴԼĻ˱ˣһ¶
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Ϊ˾ңΪ˾ҡղظ

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رǣҼѪҺɫӡ֮󣬲̾һȻˣǽڰɡ
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ٻ̬˭֪ٻ㲢ͬôšٻ㣬ͻȻã㣬ЩȷʵԶһ̾һһһĬĬ˵һ·ߺã

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353 
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Ҽ˵꣬һڳϾӰſռ۶ȥ֪Ŀռ򿪣ܶ˶ҪľǳЩ˻δϽȡռı
ߣҲһ˿ٵûɽȥһ·֮ϣǲ֮һĵ𺳣УϹʱڵޣޣ᲻Ҳأ
뵽⣬һͷͬʱ̲ס˷Ҫܵõһôˬ飿

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㺧Ȼѣû뵽ɢһ˿аһ֮ˡǿ֪Ĺʿοֲ
оаֵסʱױһ嫺ϢеаɢϽа赲֮⡣
͡
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㷭˷˵ÿ𣿡
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Ȼɻ󣬿ǼЩʿԸĵҲһϲŹȥ
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ϧС˲ҪȻȻкô̾һ
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ĹͫʺϺĹʿ򽻵Щʿ󣬻֪Ĺͫʲô˵⹬鲼а֮ϹŹļһֲҲΪа
˵ͷԽߣԽܸоЩʿĿֲرŹʿϢѪ֮ͬˮһڶ
ҵǣѪҺܹ֮ãеĹʿ·һЩʱ䣬ߵ˹㣬ǰֵһãһڽƵ棬ž
㿴ãһ˿֮⡣ѪС
ˣ㿴һã˲׶ԷݣųʥģŶԷ˼
ǣʱǰǰþĺдŲ֮ɫôܣ˵еǣ
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ϵľٴ𣬡ϹʱڣʿƳıа֮ԼƳĹʿǹʿııʿûĻ᲻ȥģֻڹʿŻΪ֮ⶫʿ°빦ҴӸոõӵеĹҲʥġ
˷֮ҪһӵŹȻʵһ
ϵĻĿҲתѪеĹû뵽ʥĹǶôֲ룬ҪܿȫĻܱһ
ϼȻȥץ͵ĺȵⶫҲȥֻҪһ˿а֮ڣ˲ͻ
һ仰Ͻֹֽţźʵʲô취ȡ
룬˵Ѫ֮ԣҪǲԵĻͷɡıҲȥȻѾˣԼԡǺոġ


354 پ
ϵĻ˵ͷĵȴûз˼ǻıȻڱСɣԼڲȡߣԺ϶ᱻһ뻪Ŀռȡߡ
Ȼǿȴܱ֤ûո
һŶ֮б󻺻ŹѹȥͬʱһѪҺҲŹ۶ȥ
Ȼ֪Ŷʲô̫ˣҪѪҺõĻǾܲùŶѹ
ĺ£ѪҺ۵֮ϣûһ˿ķȫѪҺɡѪҺɺ󣬹Ѫ糤һĿֲѪһ㡣
ӰѪʱ򣬹ŶڳǰеѪⶼɽȥ֮ڹ֮ϣһֲͬбѪ಻ֲ֮
䡭
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㿴һ鼮޴ĹŻӳԺУһϲȻ֪棬ܺ͹ŵĶ̫ܲ
ڵõ֮󣬹ҡ㲻ҾӰٵ漲۶ȥ
ճûãȻķעУûصףڴ汻֮Կɼٶȣľ鲼
оͬʱһٴιһŲһȥռ֮׵һطҲֻ֪ˡ
Ƭռʮִ󣬵ɽУޱ鲼ܶ޶Ϲʱڲе֣츣ϼɱЩζ̲סٺٵ˵һ䣺СϹޣʱΪ˼ҵζ
ȻطϹޣǺôһ˵Ӧûˡԣǰ޷Ѫȥ˳ԵģڱɲѪͿʼˡ
ôһģ;ԼѪЩѪ룬ѪΪһ塣Ƕôеһ١Խ룬ԽԼ̫ˡ
ٴνһֻ޵ʱһֵͻȻ˳ķ򿴹ȥǵϫռһӵܡ
ӵֵܾĿ㣬Щ
Źء㲻˵һô˧Ĺ𣿡
һӵ˵Ҳͣ첽һߡ
㿴ŶԷߣһ䣬ֻܵķȥû߶Զͼһ˺ƺƵΪ׵ٻ㡣
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û£ٻ㶢ߵߵ꣬Ȼһĵţ㻹еһ˿
ʼȥŹһˣ˵ҳ̫˧Ůңֹһˡ
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ٻ㶢˵ΪʲôûˣôƤռ֮Ҳκβˡ
һۣٻ㲻˵ҷǰˢˡ˵˧˧
ٻ㲻仰ɫ䣬еϲȴֻԼ֪
ллҡǰһ
ãҼǽңҪһЦ
ǰļǰĵ⣺ôϫģ
ƷкܴϵֻǱˣһЩ̶ѡ˵Ȼ˵Ŷ顣
ЦǰƷڿȷʵŷӵ˵
һ˴˻صʱӪأӪ֮УȻһԱǺйһЩìܵɭɭüʵô£
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һɭƣѾĺܺãһʲôô죿
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㿴һƨôǣ⻹ֵܱ˴ˣ㻹հǰ˺ҽǹƨ£ҽҲΪǼ˾ܾġ
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ҵ˼Ҫʲô˼ͼһȥǰԱߵӵ˵Ըȥľһ
һ仰һ˷Ϊˣ˭ûһѪѹƲһˡû뵽Ϊ꣬һ˵ѪڵĻ쵼ǣЩ˸ĸԸˡ벻Ǽѡеˣ
ô˵Ҳ˵ʲôǼѡˣġ
ɭ۾׼˵ʲôȴϵ˵ˣһ۸ˡȻҼҴǣǾҵˣ̵ģҶҵģҾͶšˣǡ
ٻתͷϽһ仰
Ĵ£һȺ˺ƺƵʯһȥӪԸûþ͵ǵӪǰ
ǵӪأӵ˵Żˡ
üͷ˵ðɣҪˣǡ
ʲôǣǴʱûˣǶ£ʲôѾģǲţԷšһ䡣
ǣٻȻվߣ˵ļСɡ
㵣˵ʲôȴӵһʼһӪءٻ㶼ںԸ֣Ȼһ˿˼ɣһӵܵĻǵӪأӭŷ磬Щ˵Ӫؿʼȼ
ʯҵϢƣһһϽܳһЩӵܸǱյҽ֮
ʯӵܼһˣͷȵͬʱ̲ס벻ôõңʱȻ˲


355 ʯ
ʯһ˿ҧгݣ̶ʱڣǵӪرյһɶŲٵӱˣΪ׵Ӷŭգ
Ϊ׵ӣ˵ʯһͷʯӢ
˵ͷѾͣӵܣǺͣʲô䰡
£ԭͣµӵܣһ˹ȥʯӵܴŭȴòܿûһãֻܻͣ
ļˡ㿴ʯҵһ˵ҪȻһξͲǵӪء
˭ʯӢİ꣬վüͷȵ
С˵ʮϢ֮䣬˽˵ˡ
ߣΣʯӢɬĺܵ꣬ǴŲм֮⡣ƾԷһ仰ԼͰ˽Ǵ
ûϵ㲻ȥȡɫûһ˿仯ĮĿʯӢ˵ȥȡĻǾͲںɫĶԴˡ
һ仰ӵŻð̵Ӫءһ룬ҪҲɫʲôŽĶ򣿣
бʯӢһŭˡ
ЦЦ׼ɱȥˣЩЦЦ˵ȻǲԸ⽻ǾҡҲҪֶš
ɻĿ㣬벻ôܹԹԵ
ǺܿǾˣֻϳһѰѷ׭ŷ׭ŶЦٸһᣬҪٲЩ׭ĸôġ
˭ʯӢȻľܸ㵽ô׭ҲΪ仰䡣
û˵ķϻֱһӣʮ׭͵գʮ׭ȼһ׵£׵ֲ˺ѿռ䣬ֱЩ˶ȥÿһ׵綼о֮
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㿴ŵ˳ȥʯӢ΢΢ЦЦֱһ˦ϰŷ׭ٴγߣʯӢ¶һЦݣǴԲʵȷʵܵסոյĹܵסڵ𣿡
˵֮󣬷׭ͼաķ׭ʯӵɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫû뵽Ȼô׭
Ҳ㣬յǵķ׭ĵ׾쳣˶׭ž֮֮ϵεȵĿֲ𵱳ȥս㣬뵱ʱ㶪Щ׭һɡ뵽⣬̲סһ
ʯӢͬɫ䣬˭뵽˶׭ķ׭Ȼֽһճ
˵һ䣬㿴ʯӢ˵
ʯӢ㣬һҪеͰЩ˶ɱˡ
۾ЦЦ˵ɱ˵ǲҡһҵǻмֵ
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ʱ㣬׭òƵģϵ׵ȥֱʯӢȥ಻׵磬ʯӢϵĺˡ
ģһôô׭ʯӢŭһϵĶȴ˿סһֻ಻׵磬Ѫˡ
˰Ѵ˴˵
ңʯӢŭӿס׵һ
ùЦ׭ϼʯӢ˶ȥסʯӢĲ޳Īܿ죬˾Ͱѵļ˸
Щ˱ͣʹ÷׭˵ΪҪö٣벻ôһ׭־ܡȣһǸ߿ˡ
һ仰һǳ鴤ոȼյķ׭١һȻ˵һ㣬ж٣
㿴żˣĶǳ˼ƣİʯӢĶУʯӢɫࣺӶң
ʯӢϵƱӿ𵴵Ť
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㡭ʯӵܱŭո׳ķ׭ȴûһ˸ǰġʵԭ൱Ǽķ׭ȫһ浹
ǺǣʯӢ˲ǰЦЦ򼸸ˣǼ˹ȥҶҲҴˣ治֪ôдԲԣ
бɱҡʯһ˱ȵӿѪҺޱȵĿ㡣
ֶһ⣬źݺݵĲϣһڶԷҰУ㵭Į˵ҪΪҲɱǣ˵ˣ˫˫Ѿ㲻ˡҲȾһ
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ʯвҡҶСҴҵˣǷΣЦµٴһӣҽ֮ٴ
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Ҳû˼棬ӵ˵ö֫ȣ̫ˡԵ±Թ
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ȻһĵȻġǻķԸö϶ԷֽţеĶ˿
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˭ʯӢʵ
СָָԼס˧ˣҪҪĻֻϣ𡣡
ʯӢ㣬ʮ㡣ȴû˵һ仰ֻĬĬ˰Լӵ̧ȥ
Ҳû¶һЦ˵ô͸ˡӭ鷳
˵꣬ûٿһʯӢתͷӵܣ˵ȥɣԺǵãҪǻ˸۸ǡֱöֽš
ǣҼһ˷ܵĺǻû޼ɵѪڹ£ȫհǰ˺
ʯӢ仰ĶıӰеĺݶơȻļһ㶼⡣ǴԲѣȻмʵķ׭ˡ⻹ûѹ׷׭ԵʣҪȻ͸ɷõѪѪҺƵķ׭ǻûá
һ˺ƺƵĻȥ֮Ҳǰȥ̽һû״ĵط̽ΪĿġ


356 
﷢ֵ𣿡֣ΪɭһڶЩ˶޵ƣĻƴӣһ·֮ϣӵ̽飬ڵõһϢϢϲΪϢͻʥйء
ԣõϢ˼ҵ˴ġʱŴ˶Ϣ˸ϹˡֻشǾƬֵá
˵ͷӵ˵Ҹطá
һȺ˺ƺƵɢܵʱź˵ǻһȦĳ
ţ껪һΪʳܻȻҪÿһһλʥ顣ҪȻˣãȻŻʥ顣
ϵĻ˵ͷĵ˷ܣ֮һһϢˡһѵõһ
ץãõʥڵλá˵
ͷڴ֮áŴһصĺúõģȻõ⡣
סҲ֪˶ã˸оҪľʱиOO@@㶨ۿȥֻȫѩףʮֽСɢǹһݴԱ̽ͷ̽Եġ
㣬Сһ㣬ʵȻֻңٶȷ֮ҲˡԺ
ͷʱ򣬲֪˭ͻȻһЩ죬˲;ֻãֻñ͵Ĵûжҿ˿ͻȻȾһܶ
ãҪܡ˴УһӰ˹ȥ
һ㣬Ⱥ֮вϴ壬ʹȺһȥȴ࣬һ˵ķ϶֮пٵȥٶ֮֮죬һӰӡ
оȵͬʱҲ׷ȥٶȣ͸ϣ̶ʱͺǾԽԽ
ôô죿һǰӵܣҲֻĿֻߣһȥڵϣһ͡
Ŵһ׷ֻãȴȫһƤëеӲʣһ˳ȥǼաֻĿͬһ뿪
ھŴ˷ѲʱҲֻĿֻõ뿪
Ŵ˶һۣ˼Ϊ׵ڿ˵ƾһ֮ץסáԣҽżλΣ
˶һۣǻδ̬֮ǰһЦ𣺡û飬ò
˿ȥҾȻһüͬʱһҲ˵Ҳû顣
ȻҶû飬ôôɡôҺץ֮´󣬰÷УȻѹΣ˼Ϊ˵
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ǺǣֻڲץϺ֮˭ܵõʥ飬ǾҪԵıˡ˼ҵЦ
Щüͷվû˵һ˿ʼ˼ҵķԸ£ɴ󣬸һƬռ䣬֮󲻶ϵСռСѰãȴûܷ֡
Ĵ˲ٵطȴûٷһֻáȻռòࡣ˶żڲѰڻ˲ʱ˸OO@@˾һһ˷ܵĿ֮ЩɴǸλòмȥ
Ȼм䷢һֻãֻüôˣҲЩܾʼһܹȥ
ϣһ£һӰɹӣ۳һϣֻײϣ֮ڵϷһطȥ
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ʱ֮һֻץ˹ȥͬʱʯӢ˼ҵΪӣҲץ˹ȥ
ֻͬʱץȥ͵һܣȻ
˶һۣٴγ֡ȻҪһָ¡
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һĻʯӢдȴֻܿʮŷ׭ʮ׵ãõ·סֻܱƵķȥĿץС˵ıƴȻ׾ٵʤˡ
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㿴һۣ֮ӽָ֮ȡһЩɰĨ֮ϣһ˵ɰ߹·кۼ¡ΪǴ·ԣζץģ˭ܺ
仰һһ£ú˻ʥ飬ҲһˡȻ˵еЧͷĺòϡ
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һ׵£סҪϿȵˡ㿴Щ˵˵ýУǶץģѵǻҪɣȽӦҵġ
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ǺǣȻץģǰæġѾøˡԣȵֲ㡣˼˵
ЦֲңǾֵ𣿡
˼ӿһĿˣüͷ˵ȥȽȥǶȻˣô֣һͬȥΣ
˼˵
һ仰һŭĿӣرʯӢǵۿˣߣ㵱ǲ𣿡
ҪǲǴһΣ˼ӵʯӢ˵°ܽѣѵ㻹󣿡
㡭ʯӢŭȴ˼ӣȷʵڶԷС
˼һͬɽͷŭȵһ֣סǡ
Цʮ׵缤סЩ˵ʲô࣬Ƿ׭࣬ҪԸ⣬ȫԳԡ
˼Ҳ󺰵˼ӵܣסƬ̡
Ϊ֮һٵʱ˼ͬʱӰϿ֮жȥϿȣӰ˿ŵϵĺɫӡǣͬʱ֣ϯӡĨǰٵ֮䣬õӡǱ׵Ĩɾ
˼ӶһۣȻû뵽ͬĶǲú֪ȥˡ


357 Χ
˿ٵδ׷֮ǰѺɫӡȫĨȥҲһʯڣʯڵĺɫӡǣ˿ٵСУһʯˮϣʯ룬һʯأʯ֮ǾӨ͸ĳˮҵʯϵˮ棬εδ
ʯص룬һİʯʯ棬žӨ͸ʯͷʯͷ֮УһЩɫҺʯİݴɫҺ壬ֻһþЩʯҺܱ߻мֻãֻˣͼٵߡ
ʥ飡㿴İʯװɫҺ壬ĵ𺳣ôĻʥ飬ҪҪֵǮ
˼Ҳһ£û뵽֮Ļʥ顣һƽϢһͷӰٵʯȥ
䣡
һ׵£˼ֹסŲһȭ˹ȥס׵硣
ȥʥ飬㻹ûͬⲻͬ⣿Ц
˼Ӷ˵Ҫȡס
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˼ǰ˲Ҫ̫̰ġһĻʥ飬ɲġ
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ҡҡͷ˵㲻Ҫ̫̰ˣȻƽ֡ɣҸһΣĸΣ
˼ӹЦȷʵ̰ˡȴܶࡣȻûأҾȫҪˡ
̾һȻȫҪһζ㡣
㻰µʱ߷׭Ưߣ͵˼˹ȥһ׵磬˺ѿռ䣬Ŀռ䱬춯ͬʱ˷Χ˼Ӷȥ
ߣ׭Ƕ࣬Ϊκ𣿡˼ӿ㣬дһֱģ֪ʱϳһһâе׵綼ʮ׵磬Ȼû˿á
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ܱǸǷ˼ӾӸµĿ㣬һӣڣԹ˰ɡ׵磬ɲʲô˺
û뵽ԷϴзһڵСˡ浱ֻôһЩ׭𣿡
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еķ׭˳ȥһˮͰִ׵籬׹ɽ֮ʯ֮лϣڶ棬öĤ𶯵ܡ
䡭׵ͶԷĹâһһЩʯ񶼸顣ֻ˼ȴ˿ûһ
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͡
ɨڶԷϣ˼ӱɨɳȥھ޴ʯϣʯҳΣһѪҺҲ³
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ر˼ӣʱƻڱǣһɹӿ£ȻŴﵽ֮ơ
Ǳȡ𣿡һ˼ӵ˵
˼Ӽܶ˵ƶתƵϣһλ˼ȱ屣֤ʥ鶼ϡ
һ仰޻ɣû˭ü巢ġ
һӵܶȵ
ЩˣҲ췢ĵҲ˼ҵ巢ģⶫûõ
˼ӵܼȱģһŭ㡣
㲻ںǵŭӣֻԭΪԼ֮Щ˻ỳһ˼ӡȴһûдƿüͷ˼˵˼ҵƷ֮Ƿģš
һ仰˼Ӷ㣺ȵһŵġ
˵꣬һɨ֮ʯ񳹵ױݻ١ƣɫ˱䣬ȫ֮ơ
һôһ𡣡һȴ˼֡ȺΧ£ɴơǽúϵǺϱôΣʮ֮ѾٶˣҪȻĻɴ˺


358 ͬʱ
̳ʥ飬뿪Ϊ׼˿㣬֮ɫŻʥǼ洦رǴﵽƿߣ˵ܽŻʥͻơ
Ӧðѻʥ˭أ㿴ЦôˣҲø˭
ﲻ֪ʲô˼һ˶һ˵ʥŻʯ֮СĲġ
ЦЦûм˵תͷˣ˵ҲҪʥ飿
˶һۣ׼˵ͺһҰǣǾȻͬۡ
һ˱࣬˵һ塣
ǺãȻˣ뿪㶢
׼˵ʲôٻס˵ǳȥ
С㣡ǡ
ɭһȺſںٻ㣬ȴٻ㶢˵ȥù
һŲʲԸ˳ȥ˳ʯ֮˵㵽׸ʲô
ٻ㵭˵ҲУ
һ仰˶Թʧһɶֻȴ˼Χ㣬ôֵܵסѵʩչΪʵطɡ
ɻ󣬿ǼٻɫţŲϿ֮ȥһֻܸȥ
ʯӢ˼뿪һĵҲŸˡϾһңҲ˲鷳˼ҵ˰Χ롣
ɣӲ˵ġ˼Ӷ㣬֮ĿֲշѹȥоĪѹͼͷŵס˰˼Ҷѹʵ
ǾͿǵֶιˡЦ
ѵ㻹ƾһֵ֮˼Ҳɣ˼˵˲̫Դ󣡡
ûмϻָ֮׭Χܱߣ㿴һЦ˶࣬ҷ׭ࡣҵҪܲܵסҵķ׭
˼Ӷ㣬һȭֱ㣬ȭͷգ񱩣ͬʱɨֱ̣ʮֺ֮Ҳȫֳ֮ϯ쫷磬һһӿҪһиݻ١
ɫһ䣬Ӱٵı˳ȥ˼ӵĽɨովʯͷ֮ϣʯͷ˲ֱһ龢ʯȥ䵽ʯ֮ϣҳһʯӡɼе񱩡
ű˼ŰĿӿݡͷһ֮ѾԶԶ֮֮ʯƵ֮ѹ֮ʸΪ۹
ܿµĺɨ˿ȭͷ˦һޣ˹ȥֲϣ֧飬ֲ
ָһ㣬Ѫķ׭ȼռţ׵һһ˳ȥͶԷĳ޽һ
䡭
ʯΪ֮𶯣ܸоҡΣڶʯ񱻽ʵķ飬ܣԭ峺ĳˮƷͬˮĻһʯ
׵类޻ɢ͵ı˳ȥ㿪˶Էһ˼ЦʵΣץң
ߣ˼Ӷ㣬ֵˮ飬һ˵֣
˼һ仰Щһɴ󣬰ΧУֲ
һ˳һһֲ˳ʯֲѹѹȥµʯͷշѹɷĩͷŵҲǹⱩǣշѹƸס
һ˶ͷǹⱬһѹͼһɫȡǼҲУǲ䵽ǵСıѾ϶Ĵˡݻ֮ĵѾ漶Ĵˡǲ롣
˵õĶˡ㱻ǹ⳹װһǿ񱩶ֲշѹȥ
ɱʥǵġʯӢûĳ裬ʱҲƻˡ

һ֮һЩٵͬʱĵȥ˼Ӽ֮ǴһЦ̰Ҫ۵ģ
׭
ߵķ׭һ˳ȥֲ׵ɨ˳ȥ飬Щ߶ȥĶһɹɾŰʯ֮ϣЩʯ˲䱻ݻ١ʯʯСĿռ伤䣬ʯʯϣһ춯
ͬʱķ׭ٴһȥֱЩ˶ȥһЩʵɫ䣬Ͻֵֻķ׭֮εȿֲЩ߼ʹҲֵס׵Ʒڵϣһƺߡ
һĻЦˣз׭ҵҪǲÿһ˶סҵķ׭
һ仰һܱ߰Χķ׭ÿһ׭о֮Щȴÿһ˶оֻ֮֮
֮ѾϲĴˣӵлѪİ˴УʲôһֻҪЩ츳ģ˭ܽѪ֮ﵽ֮δߣǼӵܣﵽ֮Ҫ
˼Ӷ㣬һ׭һ䡣ĵ׻ʲôݣȻշ׭ֽͬһ
֮µ߶˺󡣡˼Ӻͷ˺ķ׭ֲܿЩ˽Ҳõס಻ķ׭ǵһԿšϾǼѪҺܲܿǱ׭ˡ
Щ˳ҲһȻ׭ܵסٸ֮۵ҲҪʰһЩѣȫҪɷȴѡϾɵ󷨣ǵɱǡ
ŻΧԼʮߣڵȫĿЩˣʮߣټһ֮ĴڣֲûкϵİһɵĶûС
ߵķ׭΢΢˶˼ЩܵסһС
һ֣˼˵СЩаţҪС
ʯӢ˵ͷһ￴ûʵǿȴԹȱ˵ͷЩ׭ҲǲСӵĶ
˼Ӷ˵˼һΧ㣬㹻԰ˡңҲûִ
ûʲôýģһֻ˹ҺһȺΧʲô𣿡Цſ˼˵
˼ɫֱ࣬˦֮䣬۳ޣĺȥٶȿݣ
ӱ˳ȥҪܿʱ󼸹ͬʱ·޿ɱܣֻܿųɨ
ҿӣ˼ЦǴԷסԼȫһ


359 ͼ֮
ŭһ׭ȼգɹ׵ӭ˼ӵĹͬʱڵӿ͵ĺˣ󹥻ӭȥֱۺͶԷһ𣬼˱ĵɳȥᣬˡ
˼ӵĹ׵絲סһ٣һٵʱ䣬Ӱ˳ȥ
ܿһ˺һȻʮŭ֮֮Ĺһҵ궼ʰˡ
ߣҿжٷ׭á˼ӵۿ㣬ٴɨ˳˹ȥͬʱ˴ȵҪ֣һ֣˭˭ġ
һ仰ʮޱһֲգ
ɹȵɫ䣬׭һ׵ӰϵյıܿһǣȻŷ׭İǾԵѹ£ɾٲά衣
ߣֶã˼ӿ㣬еӿ㸲Ƕȥգͻʥ飬ҶҪˡ
ԲѣҪߣһ֮סҶɣһ˼˵ԭΪ˷վǼʶһʲô
˶٣ʯϣ˼ӵ˵ǷԶܺ
˵֮һӡ᲻ϴӡ̺ͼ֮Уӡ֮ͬˮһй£ĻΰΧ룬˺ĥ
ϴ£ΧһĻ޾£ռһ飬𵴵ĳֵѷ졣
Ǿ
Ȼʱȫʩչ󣬿ȴܽǾͼ߱ԴһǾ£۵ͻ໽һƴֲƴ۳ɵͻгȥʯڣҳһ޴Ĵӡ
ɫʱ㿴һ˵˵ǿʲô֮
㻰£俪ɢͻܣĿֲԲܣǻ˻צ˼ӳȥ
˼Ӷʱɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫ˹ͻ͵ĵ˳ȥһͼ㣬дž֮ɫ֪û뵽ܰͼ˿ֲĲΡ
ԼҲӵзΪʵޣȫǣȲʵȻܽ˿ֲɳ
Ȼ˼Ӳ֪㲢ûпͼıǾҪ֪ĻǸӵľ֡ûƿ֮ȴƿȵѾݵˡ
󣡡ʮ֮ͬʱ󺰣һӡϴڵȫӿ۳һ޴ĳɢѹȥ
ҶǵΧһָһ㣬ͻ͵ռ䣬Хһ˵ȥǻͳһʯҡһʯ£ڵҳӣŰľƿռ䣬ըϣһ͵ĵɳȥʯϣѪӿѪҺΪĵ˼ӣӰ˳ȥÿһо³һڿѪҺ󵥹壬ؿڶ㣬Ϣȡ
һȵĶ㿴еͼɽһЩĵһ¡ЩԱңȻ١ÿһνϵ˵ҲĲ٣Ժ϶˵ʱһٲ١ÿ򲻵ѣ㲢ԸԵС
㿴һˣջͼЦһ˵ҲտӵлѪķĹǣһΣ
˵꣬Ӱ漤ߡȻס㡣ؿڷѪǲò
ո˵һԵİ˼ӵܣûʯĳڴ㼲۶һɫ䡣㴳Уֱ˦֮䣬һ׷ɳȥıƿһ·ʧʯ֮С
˿ԶȥıӰһŶ֮˵ˣ̲סһôˣȻκβһˡǱԷһ˸ܣȻŵ뿪ǵߡ
˼һֱǰ˴һͷˣûнܴе£ƾԼŬﵽǴԲټϷڴﵽļ𣬰Ӱ˴һû뵽ջһܴ졣
˼ӵµ˶ںһѪҺ󣬻վ˼ӵܺȥ
˼ӵܶһۣ֪˼ӵܲġһϽϣɽȥ
ɽϿȣٻ˶档˼㼲۶һ˲͸û°ɣ
ҡҡͷ˵ҵߣԺҽš
ôˣüʵ
Ѱ˼ҵһ٣ҺһǡЦЦ
һ仰ҵû˵һ˰Ѱ˼ҵ˶һ٣ʹĴһ㣬ȻЩǱû˵һ쳣ҪʩչϴγΪطǵǲ֡ǣûʹط
ѵƾԼ˵Χ෴һ˾;òܣǿҲô̬
ߣɲ֤Щ˻᲻Ǩŭҡ
ٻͷ뿪
Ҫȥٻ㡣
û뵽ٻԼȥ򣬡ҵļ磬һ仰ϡӦϻߡҪˣԵҡ
ٻ㿴һۣޱϲŤͷͺ뿪û˵һ仰

ٻ̬ԼСŮ˵ƨɡһٻęȷʵ̺ܻͦԲӦû
аһӰٵϱߵķ򼲳۶ȥռֻ̫ջĵϰѡǰķӹܿĳ˶ԵõռµĶżơԣ㲻˷ʱ䣬ӿ֮ǰȡһЩһЩ
һ·ۣٶʮ֮죬·;еһЩޣЩǿȴʮ֮ǿֻǿһӰӣӡӺϵĽУõһϢǣϹ޵Ѫ
㿴Ŀռ䣬ȻϹ޻СϹǺεȴڣĵǧϣҪȻʮɱȻҪǵ̻֮ڵģ㶼ǲ⡣˵ҲһϹޡҲףⲻζѣɲһƷеġҪֳžͲȹʺļһпܣ


360 Ʒ
ʥ鵽ˣʣ±֮Ȫɽѩһ֮ѵõĵˣ취õ
˶Ļʥ飬ֻҪõ֮ȪɽѩϢȫûʥȥز̫⡣ϵԺ𣬡ӵô໪ʥ飬Ϣȥ鷳Ҳ᲻ϡıúܶǿ֮͡رЩܵ˵ļһ񡣡
ոҲɱЩˣϢȥЩȻЩƣҪɱˣ»ԼȥҪǣ˼ҶˣȻҡܸܲһ鷳ε˵
ЦЦɱ²ߣϲŬıǿﵽ֮ԼҲһԱ֮οõ֮ϹʵǼˡ
˵ͷ̾һϧʵҲһ֮
ҪԼ취ǿ߾֮㲻ǿֻΪĻڵʵЩʥˣʮа˾·һ˵
һʱҲ֪ʥÿҶõһЩõĽϾÿ嶼УЩҲȥǣȴһУֱܣԼȡãȻȥеĶô÷οı
ò˶þͻӿʱΣ
Щʱ򣬺ϵĶ𣺡㣬ӿٶȣϷߡ
һ㶣漴ٶ͵һᣬŶϷ򼲳۶ȥڸϷʱһɹȼյĻ֮ĶͬʱҲоܵ¶Ҳ˲١
ٴβǰ˲Զǰһ緢Ļɽ淭׸ߣԶԶĿţͼȾʣһƬȵϢбȼյһƬһ
䡭䡭
ڷɶֱ𺳡ǰ棬վŲٵˡЩǰ˼ҵĳϣһŻɽ緢¶ļ֮ɫ
Ļգķ棬ԼҪǽеĻ˲ͻᱻյһɶ
ɽйŹ֣϶˵
ʲôŹ֣źϡ
ǻ˴ġҪûôĻỨѴŪһɽ˵³
ô˵ҲͷĻȱǿǿŪһصĻɽ緢ҲҪķѲҪûʲôõĻֺα
Ͼʲôģʵ
֪ٵȵȣɽҲһֱȥϨٿ˵
üͷ˵ûʱ˷ˣڵĻ滹֪ʲôʱͣ
ģò˶áϻشȻšǼô˵ֻվȴ㾪ȵǣԭڵĻɽȻʼϨ𣬶̶ʱ䣬ԭصĻ棬Ƭ̼ʧһɶֻȵϢ
ŻɽϨǰˣ͵ļȥ
׼Ҳȥȴֹٵȵȣ£ֲͬܳܵġ
ϵĻ£һҽо͵ԭ۶ϵˣĵˣԭƾȼϳһյ˺
ģ⼸˵˼䣬ȡһЩҩͿƤϡ
ˣϵżһȥ
˿һȻȥһ㶵ͬʱ̲סֻСǶճˣȻȥ
Ǵ͵ǣƺоһ˿ȶƵģϵȥʧǵС
Щ˷㶵ʱȴüͷźϣϣôûһ˿ȵ¶ȡ
ûУе˶ջػɽˡЩ˷ܵ˵Ҫûв´Ļɽ֮ҴӸոյҲеƷĲΡ
һ仰㶣ɴ۾Ŀź˵Ʒ壿
ͬ˷ܣӦֿܡ㣬ϻɽ
ϣƷ׷ˣȥⲻ𣿡ü˵
ӸոձϢⶫ֮Ҵ洦Ҫܵõⶫٴ׳󡣶ҵҲָܻ٣ҵҲõˡ϶˵֮Ȼֵ֮õĹȻƲˡȴֵңǲһԡ
һ仰㶣ź˵ҪǵƷǿǶܿƵĹмְȫˣ
˵һɣҪǳɹܽȥȥԼ
һһҧź˵ȥ
ٲ˵һ仰ӰŻɽȥȻһȵϢ
ոǼˣʱҲ̽Եǰ޸ոյգʯͷָ˱üüͷ漴˶뵽һֿܣһ۾ڵ
뷨ʱЩһոշڶĻ档һǸо
ЩҲ̲סʼʹź֪ͨǿߡѹסġǾֻǿˡ

һ·۶ϣɽŨĳζȼյζ㵽ɽ󣬼һɽŻɽһҧд˽ȥոʵϻɽļˣһ궼ҽȥһҲһҧС
УûиоȵϢֻζţ˺ѡ·ǻɽ緢֮Ƶġǣ״Ҷ֪ⲻǻɽˡ
˵Цһ˸󣬲Խ׳һȻһΪЩ˴·
㿴ŵĶǼĳϣǴһֱġȴҲЩ˶ֱһӣϳַ׭ڴﵽһֲڼĵط͵˳ȥ
֮ССͨ׵ǣڵ˵ߡͬʱӰ͵תһֲڣʧ˵С
˻Щ׵ʱ򣬼Ӱʧһһ䡣ܴһֻԼѡֲ·ǰС
û׷ǴһЦݣҶǰ棬Ρ
ϣǱߣźϡ
ұߣǱߵʯͷӼӲȻǱ϶˵
˵꣬˵ͷӰٵұ߼۶ȥ
һ·֮ϣźϲϵָ·ͲҪжϡɽҲ֪˶ٸطŸоȵϢٶһȥ
ոﱬ㻹Ǹоĺ
ѹȡ϶˵ԣ͸Ͻܡ



361 
һգǰһټĿռ䣬ռʯڶǻɫڿռģһֻĻޡֻ޲󣬴źòСڵһΧ˿˿ɢǲǿҡ
ޣϿĻޣͷеĳȲơ
ޣƷ֮жĴڡܷأɳʯǰ׷գҲֻڹżпһΪ񱩣ֻ˵Ǵ֮
ϵһֱֱͣĶǰĻޣüʵﵽƷԼʶôоûһ˿ʶӣ
ûǿߣôûӵԼʶĨˡϽ͵
˵ͷĵ׵һûԼʶոҲɵࡣ
ϣ˺ȻȲ׵硣ҲСӣа취ոޣź˵
ЦЦ˵ҪһȻܽӽڡҲֻͬҪѹסҾа취ոӡ֮ڡ
ӦôźʵѹóŻ޿ȥΣգȻƲˣֻܿԷıа֮㣬ҪĻʵпܻᱻյĹͷʣ
һź˵ȥһԡ
˵꣬ȡͼбΧ֮ŴӹŶ֮ȡƽġѪҺ֮ȻΪãҲٶʲô˺
Щ֮һĻȥ
ʱٴμ䵽Ľָ֮УڽָгһӰӣϵ㡣
ȻаĶͷԭĿռ䣬ڹ֮һɹɵ˴ӻӿһĳ֮УһɹаϢҲӿ˶һһһ棬һɹɷХ糱һշ
ӿ亹һֻȥԽǰ棬оԽԽǿȻϱа֮ҲԽŨ񣬶̶̵ļ룬֮ͽٴΡ
һȻĴ١ȴ֪ⲻССֶѣĽ滹ں档Ķϵǰȥ
޴Ű׵ľʱԭһֱĻޣȻվͬһĻ棬ռ䱻յ죬ž쳹ռ䣬Ӵŷһеֱ
״ɫ䣬ѾԶԶ֮ˣֵܵġ糤һȼնĻ棬͵ĵ˳ȥ
ţѵ⻹ֻСС֣ʰ
ںϻµ˲䣬ڹ֮һʿʿѪ໽һѪͻײһѪͻ棬߿ʼɢѪգ汻
ԭ糤ӵĻ棬Ѫʧ£Ҳʧһɶ
һǰȥ糤һĻ棬ϵ㣬еĹͬһѪѻ泹׵
ڻ緢ĻԽԽǿͬʱҲ˻ʮ׿⡣ʱڿռ⼸ڣżð˳Щһռ䣬Ϳͻ޶ŵ㡣һ緢Ļ汻ǰ굲סһԭأĻǿȻĳжôֲȻܵ£
ȻΪѪǿĵĹҪȻǻӵ𺳡
ǵļһȻȢոƷһ˻˵ֱֱĶмĻޣȡıҪĻԪֱ֮׾ٵĴﵽ
ɲϵĿޣһ֮󣬻ڿʼɹͬһĻڳ˷Χȥռ䱻յ죬ܵ¶Ҳռ俪ʼ
ڱԵļˣſռ޴ȼն棬һһȴȥһ˻ضڣǳȻ档
ڻ룬֮ϵѪϵܱߵĻ棬ԶӶȥ
Ѫ·ռƵģ߱ϵ֮㣬оһĪѹ
ϣʲôʱԳ֣źϡ
ʱУ޵ûбðȻ֣ڵոǱˡϻش
һ仰һҧǰ̤ȥȻа֮￿ޣ޾ͬܵƵģıһɹɳĻ籼ڵĽһĻ棬ɫһƬҰס˵Щ棬һͻƹϣˡڵƷ£ͬ
ͼתһɹ׵İΧʱѾ˲û᲻˷ˡҪҪ֤ԼİȫȻҲȫԼȡ
ɲΡΡǰ߶ϣ˵ѹƵƷ𡣿ΪʲôڿռϷ磿
ΪǿߵȫڣѹƵƷȻٻ¡ʱ·磬ǸܿơҪܿƣѹˡ̾һֻӦЩˡҪ֮ĳУԸ𡣡
㲻£ڿʼ񱩶һɹɻͬˮһ˴һɹɻ˴еһжգɽ֮еˣʱҲɫ䣬ЩȻɽ֮УӶǷĺˣܿЩ档
ģһ漴ϣ˳ȥ֪ԼǾո޵ġ
һɹɿֲĻ˴ֻѪס˿㷽Բ֮ڡֻĻΧУֻʣ»֮ɫĵ׺ȻѣĪѹоһ˲ҪͻƷЩȼյϡ
䡭
һͻѪϣ֮ϣյ죬Ƭ̼ճһֱϡ

оֱ۶ҪƵģ͵˳ȥȴϣ˦Ҳ˦ˡΪ֮ʱױһâŻ
ƻ棬㿴ֱۣﱻյһƬѪݡֱʩչ˼ξŸоһЩ
㣡л棬ùȥӡ㣬Ҫһѻ
һ仰û⻹ûжҪ涷Լ



362 ɹ
λϣʲôˣɽǱ˳ϻŻյĺۼģúոճϹĸǿߣЩ˳ģ̲סʵ
Ʒڵؼһ϶˻
ʲôϹļ̲סһɴ۾ŵĿǰĻɽ
ɵ棿ǿ߶żˣдų֮⡣Ʒǵʵˡ
ƭλϡ˹˵ǱನŪġ
һ仰üɫ˷ӰոҪɽ֮УԭѾƽϢĻɽʱֿʼ緢׵Ļӵڶ𣬷һ㣬նյ죬ɳʯճɷĩصĻ汬ɹɿֲˣһһĳ糱ˮһӶȥ
Щˣһɫ䣬Ӱٵıˣɫߣɫ֣Ʒ壿
һ˸ͣ٣ٶȱ£Զȥǻɽ緢ĻԽԽֲء
һ˼Զľ֮վȣʹֵˣǹᴩصĻ棬һɫ壬ļ߸ƷǵƷܱ
һ˶緢Ļ棬Ȼûһ׵ǰƷ𣬾ǰСȻǾȴмľ롣
ģ֪Ӧ֪ͨˣո˵˼䣬ǲ緢Ŀֲ档
ϣɽ֮һ꣬ıǺ벻˹ϵһ϶żǿ߻ش
ţ˴𼸷־񣬿żʵô£
Ǹոսȥһ޼ȫɢаֵ֮޵Ļ档޸ոձһΣҪٴ̼ܵôٴο񱩡һ߻ش
˼һǿͼշһϵüʵ
ԷҪշ޵ǿܡҪ˵ǿȴ̫ܡʱΪǲʹ÷׭Űǵ档Ҫǿߣֱɱǡһϻش
ȻǶȲϣôȥޡⲻ𣿡ü˵
֮治С˵ʵǿȴطǣа֮Ҳ˵Ȼ̫ǿߡôǾ棬ҪշҲͰˡҪշˣȥǵ鷳ֱնɱаǡһߵ˵
һ仰ʱõ˵ͬһĿתƵǰصĻɽϣеڴǸܵõס
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һ첻ϣգ֮УɫϼһƬ˲ϳЩĺͬʱҲеǲѾյһɶˡ
ɽ֮еʱѾŲٵˣѪԷһеĻ浲档һɻϽӺϵķԸŹӭȥ
ڹ֮ϣȻֻһ˲䣬Ͱһƻ𡣵·ƵģܵĪơѪһɹӿܱߵĻ泹
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ӹ֮𣬲֪ʱܱ߳һֻֻĹʿЩʿ֮䣬ɹɳһѪɨټĿռ䣬ȵĻ汻˲Χһ˿ܽ
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ںµͬʱ֮еѪͬڵĽ֮ˮŻ˹ȥ
͡
Ѫ϶Ѫʧ𡣸ոȫǻ磬ѾɵѪ磬ռһ롣
䡭䡭
ܵƣеĻڶѪȥͬʱɽ緢ɽ֮⡣ովļµĻ棬ٴڸɣռ䱻ȼյĳŤֻʣ»硣
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Ŀ񱩣ѪٴαƵ
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ҽ֮ϣӹ֮вϵʿЩʿʵʮֲֿɨа֮ѿ񱩵Ļ浲סס֮ЩʿȻм޼ȥ޵˷ͬʱ֮бһɹа֮ѹȥ
ЩʿȻ󷨣һһ޴ѪɫԲ̣Ƕ£ռݡ

緢һɹɻ棬ѪɫԲ̶ȥѪҺԲ̽ãͬ޵ĻҲ֡ѪϱϨͱա
ϿһĻͷһϲǴʱ
ڴʱϵӰָ֣ӡᣬ͵ļޡ
㿴źϼ䵽룬һɹɳȵĻյϵϣȴֺϲûɢӵʵоʱ򣬺ڻ룬һӡ᲻ϵĽһɹڡ
һɹ£޸ǿ񱩣һɹ緢ռ䶼𶯣ɽΪ֮ҡΡߣо΢ҡΣһоĶҪε˴ɽҡΣ
ޱĿֲ棬ùеѪҲѹ޶ȥȻޱֲǹҲױѹơ
޵ѹƣеĺϸɣһ䵽Сϵӡĺܿ죬ʮֵķ͸ӡȻֻǵɨһۣܿⶨȻһطҵȼ͡
ԽͺദľãԽоءϲֻһϢҶҵ̫ϳϹõ۹ĸͬȯһǱߡļʶԨȵȣǲ˵ˡ
رǣΪĴڡǵĺϣǺεȵĿֲһˣݻ򵥵ˣҲ½ǿڡ
еӡ᲻ϵĽ£Щʼһââۣڻϣһͼ֣ͼأŷ׭Ϣɢ
ͼ֣޶ͷһӡǣӡǽƣ׹ǡ˸֮䣬ϵԭ񱩵ޣʼ£ȥĻ棬ɹɻ֮УƵӡǾ͸
ҲǸоķйӿѪʱҲջأһֻֻʿٴ֮СĻ棬Ѫͬʱջء
ߣŹᴩصĻȻٴջػɽԭĹɹҲʧһɶһһЩߣǾոˣˣ
е㣬޲ϵıСһ㣬䵽˺ϵĶͷ˺ϵ֮У֮ǰȵϢҲʧһɶ
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ҡҡͷŹǣƣո¡ոұȲ㣬ϣȴȲҡ


363 һ
㷭ְѹŶ֮УողĹʿҪԼƿصĻڴ½ˡҲ֪롣˵ƿ֮еĻʵƿǿߵĹֻһֽǾǱɶʱ㣬Թʱ˺Ѿˡ
ϣƷָܻ٣źϡ
ЦЦȫָԶڵʵǲõˡ
զ࣬û뵽ǿ𻹲ȫָϵ֪ϵڵʱεǿ
ϣ㵱ʵô䵽ֻʣһĵزڰеɻ˳
ǿǿиǿĴڡ˭˵Լ޵УĻһ廹ȫĵزȻܶԸҡֻǵȴڻ˽ġлᣬҲֻǵ˵Ц
һ仰˼ź˲ٵ˵ϣڳȥɡ
ںϵĵͷУ첽ȥ֮ǰ˵õܰꡣһطȻΪԵʣ֮ǲˡǴﵽԲҲһԱֻ֮Ҫ޸꣬ͻ֮ˡ
ͰϵľѾʣûµʱˡﵽ֮һġʱ䣬ϾԼҲһʦȻŴкͺϵָȴûл̫ľ

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ٵȵȣȻոĿԲ󡣿һ߿ǾҪץסΪϻɽʱûߡһ߻ش
ĿתĶŻɽʱ򣬼һӰ漤¡˿ӰЩ˾㵵ͬʱһ˷ɹˣȻĳɹˡ
һֱֱĶ꣬ٶȲǺܿ죬ֻǾ֮ٶȣһһĵ缸ĳ˵ñֶո
뵽⣬Щһһ߸˵ɱ𡣡
һʹĵ˵ͷһ˼ȥѴӻɽΧУɹư
㿴ŰΧܵˣ΢΢һ֮Ǵʲô⣬ЦЦЩ˵λѵǲҪƤɣȻ⡣
һ仰һЩƤɫ˺죬ǲȴûƿƷǵջ̫ˡ
ǺǣȻǾ֪ӦðѶТǰѵ㣬еĳû𣿡һȻǲ׼ҪƤ߶Ц
ǣҲǸǰܸ¶׵ݣֱֱĶЩˡ
ĻֱֱĶǰ꣬Ժ˼һ¾żҵģЩܳһûһˡѵǾż֮ꣿ
üͷѵôͽˣǻ
ҡҡͷ˵ǶӵеġѶ뿪
Ц㿴˵λҪϡȻûʵҲһ˾۸ġ
Ȼڤ粻飬Ǿֻ۸ˡһ˶㣬Ӱڷɵգѹ㸲Ƕ£ֲѹŤռ䣬
Ԫ֮ۿǰߣоԪֳ֮ƺΪСڵ۹֮Уһʵ۵Ĵڡû뵽гԪ֮뵽ոյƷ𱬷ƣʱͻȻûгԪ֮ôҴƷ⡣Ͼÿһ˶ͬġ
Ԫָָ֮ߵ˵˶еĶڡ㶷Ĺ𣿲Գְó
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Щһۣ˵仰һλ˵õӦôأ
ߣзݡѵΪֲһ֮ɣƾԼ£ڳ٣Ǿ١
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һ仰˶ͷȷʵһ⡣ףҲһҪѹˣȥǡ˵ллǰꡣ
ھͿʼߣ¶һõЦݣ˵òƣаɡλǲ̫Զˣһû׼͸ء
ǺǣûϵԳְǡһЦſ㡣
㶢ЩˣЦݲռôáҲõٺô˰ɣñҡ
㻰µʱϢʼҸȥոѵǾΪɣ
Ϣһɫ䡣Ϣܿʹﵽ֮ĲΣڲϵ̶ʱ䣬ʹﵽԲ֮ųԪ
һĻһɫ䣬һ߸ǺһҾͲţʵ
Բ֪㶢ˡ
ŭһȻһȭ˹ȥȭͷŰԵգֱɨؿڣ֮ӵ¡
㿴˶ԷһۣһԽռ䣬ݺݵڶԷϡһ𣬱һ죬Էĵɳȥݺݵڵ֮ϡҳһӡ
浱ҵĲɣ㵭ĿЩһۣҪȻ
һ˵ۿ㣬˿ڵϵߣдŲšһһһۣһ߿˵һҵģ
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㡭ŭƽϢһͷſ˵ɣ
ЦҲҪɱɱңɱңǾֵɱˡ
ߣЩȻ˼㣬ȴ£ʱϢȻ֮ǻδԪ֮ѵԪ֮ɱˣ
һ֣սپСӸɱˡ𡣡һߺ
һ仰ʱ˶ͬΧ룬סȥ·
ͻȻЦԭ˻鷳ڣöɱˡ
㶢ЩˣһʥѾ鷳ˣϵȻܴȥҪȻǻӵ鷳ԣЩ˱
˼ҶȻɱڵ飬ϾҡֻңɱҲܻɡ
뵽⣬ޱϵӿ֮Уֲƴ֮бƺᵴռ䡣
ֲշѹܵɳʯ飬ɹ˷ڶһƵġΧˣܵƣһɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫ
𣿡һڣŵĿ㣬ݣǲš
ģһôǰ𣬸ոյֻо֮һɫѪɫ


364 
עˣշѹ£ɫ˲Ұס
һнҪȻ˭ӲˡΪ׵ĳԪ֮ߴ󺰵ȴźšǿѾֵܵˣֻܷźüǿǰľڼǿ߸֮ǰסԷ
˲󷨣ɹӿֵշѹµƣЩ˵ƻȻȲƣȴǿֵס
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ʿɫ䣬ͷ׹ƣһеϻģ޴Բ̣εĻСԲת֮䣬ܵӿУΪԲṩ
ΪܵסҲɣգӸµĿЩˣָ㶯ͷƣʼе׹ۣһ˺ѿռĽɫ׵֮б׵֮֮ϣռһѷ죬׵ڵѷԲ֮ϡ
һ죬Բ̳һѺۣһĹâ׹Բ̵ѷͬ֩һӿɫ䣬һӡһԲ֮УֹԲ̼ӳѷ졣
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׼˰ɣǽһЩЦЦ͵һģץŵĽԲ̶ȥŰռ䣬³һѷ죬ռ׵ĺ£Ҳͬ֩һӿ
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ЩߺĿתԪ֮ǴһаȵЦ
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365 
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ھ֮־Ԫ֮ʹЩȻļ֮УҲ˵Ǻ绽꣬ҲǶһ𶯵ĴڡҪǽϵǴֽŶܰԼ
Ѱһ£Ķ١ֻһǱ˵û̫𺳾ǡǿ԰ЩΰŲٱЩðķչһЩ
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ںϵ仰идԽֻ𣿿ǣ
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뵽⣬ʧЦУٶȲ졣׵磬ֱһһء룬ɳ̶ȣҪǸȥĻ϶ܱ
ȻϲѹС˲٣ȴʹĸӶУܸоԼǿȲϵ
£ؿڳһɫγ֣ͷһϲȴϴϵ˳ˬ飬Сٵȵȣȴľػ꣡
һ仰˵ͷҧŷٹʹϱҺҺ־ͻͬƵģΧڡ
Ĵ£ˬ棬һɫ̡ϲʱҲ֮ףػ֣꣬ﵽһ֮
һ仰һҧʹŵػչȥ
ð˵ػꡣ׷ѵϾҲ൱һ꣬ҪǱˣǾˡƷգпܷ



366 ֮
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ڿյߣЩ֮еǿߣеǿ߶뿪дϲӰһһͼȥͬʱϵҲӿУֱһ˦ֲŵɨ˹ȥ
Щڿյ߶뿪ûܵסһһ֮£˷ɶȥݺݵڵϣĸһ··ÿ֮ӰһӰӣԶȥ
ʵһߴ󺧣ڵСʵ
˵ľУӳǵİΧȦУڼȵ£ҲƬգпտҲʲôûг֣һȻ׼ǼһĻ̲סŭرĿת£ɰΧȺ۶ߣһ׷ȥ
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Ҽ׼ٺ˵ʱҼ˶ΪԾǣ׭һ⣬ҼΧУס˰˵Ĺȫȥ𵴵Ťݡ
һ˾עб׭Ҽһ󺧣ɹҼȥ
һˣӰϵĿŴ˶׷ֻҲֲΧ֮ơϵﵽԪ֮С㣬ٶȲν졣ֻŴǿĴҲ٣ں׷ͬʱһɹɨ˹
ûйЩһ·ۣʹ󲻶󣬼һɹ졣
ģһ˿ֲʵһߴ֮ǰо㲻Ǿ֮ʵ뵽Էʵﵽ˿ֲĲΡ
λҰȥɡԲˡһߴ󺰵
ǿߵͷӰɢֳܵķȥ
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һֱǹ㣬ûмǣʱͻȻЩֲŪЩǱЩʵͣȻЩǱǻûӳȥ
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գһ죬ЩҲСӣһɹӿȥֲաȴĵס

һˣ˼ҼΧҼɹȴ׭סмҼڲ֮ء;ŷ׭Щһɹȵ
Ҽϲѣķ׭ȻȡáΪԺ֮еϢʩչջʱ򣬷׭ȻգʵƷ׭Щ˸κβһһ
Ҽо˶˷׭ǼͶһ񡣲˵ڲ֮أǼӰˣҪʮ
뵽⣬Ҽֶקɢźķ׭ǰİ˵һֱҵĶȥռұĶ⻪Ŀռ֮ӵеıж١˲˷׭ķҲ˷ʱѣ
ҼĻĶҼҼɢŽķ׭¶ȵĹâȻ᲻ãȴҲ֪Ҽ˵ʵǰ˸Ʋ˷׭ķΧҼкã
ߣ˺һҼõⶫҲ޿κΣԹ˵ϲҵõ
ǺǣͬϲǶǻ˵ҵõҲһϲ¡׳ˡҼЦ˵
һ仰ٴκһڵĻ˸Ϊģʲô׳׳ģ
һҪѯһһλ˵
֪˼ҪʲôҼŶԷ˵ץŷ׭Щɲġ
ʶʶոսĺˣǺǣҼɱ˵㲻ʶԷܺһ׭ķ֮С㲻ʶҲӦԨԴɡ˼Ҽ
ҼǺǵЦЦɫ˿û䣺ң治֪˭ܽ׭֮УΪһڵĵ׭Դոû𣬼Ǹ˽ȥⲻʩչ˳ȣϧˣҪ뵽֮еĶҲֲǸˡ
Ҽ˵쳣ϧüͷҼһ˵ϲʶһѷ֡żҵ˶׷ȥǰһʱҲӲˡھȥ׷ɱ
˵꣬ЩӰһȻܵķ׷ȥ
ҼЩ׷ȥаԵǣѾȷǸ˵ݡȻնɱһĴڣЩΧĻҲֻ·һ
뵽⣬Ҽ뵽ԼˣҲȥ׷ɱˡҼҡͷӰҲһ׷ȥ
ʱ㣬ȴɹӿԿסȺ
ΪڸݣšȻǳԪ֮ҲͨĳԪ֮൱ѣû˿ơҪǣѴѵķ׭á⵼¶Էƺԡ
ģһ䣬뵽ָУźʵϣܲһαܿǣ
ĿȨҡ϶˵ҪǸҵĻ
ϵĻ㶣һֱ㶼ǽϵƿػԼƿءʱȴԼȨɣҪԼ潻Ҫе˼㵽ʱȨҲù
룬㻹˵Ǿͺˡ
˵֮Ȼİ֮У׵İȨųȥ
ֹúҲ㶣꣬һߺõջ֪ȻڵǿȺʵĴﲻĶ壬ǳΪԾһǿ߻ǲġǣһȻֺޱز
һ˵㼯о񣬿ʩչ


371 ռ
УһɹͨΪý飬ա
ߣڿվӵ˲ɣΧ߿һеĳԪ֮ͬյǰֱ㣬˵İΧ֮С
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һ
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ǿԵֵʱ۵һֱɨ˶ȥϢɹâǵһ㣬Щ˶ȥ
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ȥԪ֮ŭһ뿪˰ΧǶԷȴͻˣ⻹ôΧرո뷢ĿֲȫϹŵǹӵͼܿ
ת׼뿪ʱ򣬰˼ҼҲ۶Ѫصɺ죬һüͷ˼Ҽŭȵˣ
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ϣǲӦðңȻһЦźֺõ
㻹ǺúõԼɡ̰ಢʲô飬Щ˾ѧġϻش
Խѧźϡ
ɨһۣҡҡͷ㻹ʺϣѧġոһУûʲô򣿡
һ㶣ոȻƿ壬Ƕȴ֪һʲô㻹ûС
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һ仰ͷһǾϲӸոһо֪ĿֲȻһס
ˣڰĺѵϽƺá϶˵
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Ҳ֪֪ĸġʱĴˣҪ䡣ϻش㡣
ںϵĻ£𵴵ĸ˵Ľ£һѷ쿪ʼ֣Щɫ䣬ĵ˳ȥѷ첻ϵܣһЩܵĲߣ͵ѷУһĲҽС
ڵѷʼһðһϵĲ֮Уΰ׳ۣ



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ж͵ǰǰһ޴Ĺ۹ʹú׳ۣգеĹâе޴ĹȺ֮У˲ڰֻǰ಻Ĺҫ۵Ĺâ
ٻĹڹȺеһΪʵıϣǣٻڱ֮ϣڲϵķҡֱϡ֪жôߣٻҲ֪ܷҡֱ϶ôߡ
ĹȺԱߣԽԽˣһע⵽֮ϡ˶ã⻪ĿռĶǹŶ֮С
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һ仰𵱳ٻ㽲϶Ĺ£ʱٻҡ֮ϵĻ棬ǺЩơ
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㲻֪жǿǵһʣܸеա
˶ֱֱעǰһĻŻڲӿֳĹӲϢɢµϢУһ廳ŵ껪һ塣
żҵ˶ϵռˣҲ־òϡ̶ʱڣ͸˺ƺƵˣһڲϵС
ҼӵܻۣվһԵ㣬ʵû°ɣ
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Ҽһڿռ䣬˼ϡˣǴҶŹ㡣ҵסôˡ
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ҿûǰʲôȻϣתͷеٻ㣬Ҽ˵ǰô
ҼŲٻ㣬ͬüѣ֮һ⹬˵

ְͣԭҶڣѪϹһתͷȥҼɫ䣬ѪϹǵһߣʵκһǿ
Ϲ˼ҡһ𣬺ɽӰ֣ʻĲ⻪ĿռĶҪˡ
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żҼðһˣһɫ䣬һۣ漴˵ͷʱżҾм϶ҲֻʱҪȻͲܺͶԷ⡣
ڴʱһŭ֮𣺡Сӣԭþˡգ
һ仰һ㶣û뵽ʱ˵ǵ˽һۿȥǻĿŭӵĶ㣬ʮ㡣
㿴ǻʣû뵽ռ˳֣ӶԷȻҪǿϴεļֻǡһֻѾﵽ
ģһôϳҡһֻ֪ƷǲϧģǻʵԺС
Ǻǣǻ˵ЦˣһĺúõģҪȥʲôʼŹ˵
Ķǻʶ㡣
һ仰˶һۡҲ˵һ֧һˣ˶ȫˡѵǰˣ
ݣһԸʵ
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Ҫɱ㻹񡣡һ仰£һ߹欵Ӱߣɢջ
ôˣЩϲĿû뵽Ů˻
㣬ɫûһ˿ûлʥ顣

һ㶣û뵽ΪԭЦõģⶫҵõˡֶûʥȥǡֻҲֶ֪ڣҪæ
õˣ㵵㣬ִֻһ˲䣬漴˵֮ȪɽѩѾˡ

㱻ˣû뵽Ů˾Ȼôǿ̶ʱͰֶȡˡ㻹ΪҪʥȥҲҪѲپʱ䡣
ôõģһӵˣʵȻͣҪĻֲá
˵ɰ취
㲻֪ʲô취ǲǷ飬ǻˡ
лʥ鲻٣ʱһЩҪǻĻȥǡһ仰һۣȻûоܾ
˽ʱǻȴɫˣֱֱĶ˵ͳִҪΪˣ
˵ǲһֱΪ𣿡
㡭ǻʶ֮һˣҪͳʧ䡣
һ仰ŭˣһﻹִݻɣ֪Լвò˵Ĺ°
Ҳ֪ͳ᲻ʧ֪˺п㶢ǻ˵вĻͲ˵ҪǷǡ
һ仰ǻŭȴòĻвֻƷ˵ﵽûּСȻֻƷǿ٣ǺҲͬһ磬һֲ֪ĶǿҪܵļʴﵽųɡ
ߣǻʺһŤͷǿƵ˵ȱʵõĿռĶʰǡ
㿴ǻЦŤͷǡ
ǻʾȻƵ䣬λӵһ͵Ŀ㡣û뵽Ȼƣǻʶ˼ҵӵܾͲһꡣ
һ˫˫㣬ݣоЩת׵һĻˣ޷ǻʻһв䡣
һ˫˫עĿ⿴öĻݣ̲סоĲ£ǺдһΣ
üͷ˵ôǿߣ㲻ʺϡ
ЦôʺϣҿǴһ߳塣
Ҳ뿴ٴȫѪĳȥ˵οɴ˺
һ仰ЦҡҡͷȻЩ˺ǲ¡
ţɻĿ㡣
ûлش𣬶Ƕ˵Ҿǡ
û˵ʲôӽָȡ˵ҪĶװ档


373 ͻƣ
ݹУֽӹŻͬ񲻶ðĹ׼ֶȴ˵ŻĿռľ仹δɵʱ޸Żʥ飬֮ȪɽѩһƵ֮ﵽ֮ɾʦʵҪ࣬ҵҲָܼá
ڣôˣô޸겢ͻƣǺյ顣
Ů޲㻤˵ӿǿԽԽ֮࣬ãʵǿһ֣Ͷһֺô
仰˵ͷֻܶ˵һΣ
Ҳüͷʱɲһʱ
֪ͷæ
˵һۣ漴˵ͷ˵Ҿ
ĿתҼϣǰһͻ֮
һ仰ҵӵһɴ۾Ŀ㣬ٲǰž֮ǴʱȴѾʼͻ֮ˡһֱչضѰͻƵɫӵĶ㡣Լһ඼δͻƣǶԷȴһȻߵһ
ҼӦȻ˵ʲôǷֻܴӦ
ǿ߻еĴ󶨣״ֱۻ裬һΧһΧġ
һ˼ٻ˾ٶȻɻҲû̫Ĺעһ˶ĿתƵɲðĹҡԽԽǿЩطʼеһжΪƽءɽ˲ʧе飬һɹε벻ðĹ֮С
ϹŰ߱۱ͻȻһڣɴ۾Ŀӿ빬֮е飬Ϊ׵һֻһֻɫʰ쵵ıӡ
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ھ֮£Ө͸ѩȻʼиһɹɺⲻðɺðƿճѩϣĨһ㺮˪
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㣬ףѵ
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ͷϽ죬һɨѩҺʳȥ

Ǹո̽ȥ̲סҽһػյѩεȹ̣ȥо嶼ҪƵġ
ٺ٣ϺٺһЦȵȻиܵġ
ȻϵĻ䣬һɺĹǵϢҺ֮бĿǻȻЩҺҲ̲ȥ
ڴʱָͻȻһĺѶĿǻڻɽѩҺ壬ŵԽС
壬ʱо˶ҪƵģļһ˪ȴϵһĻ棬֮Уɢ
һһȵϢڷĴܶоʵʵı졣ǰֵܶ˵̫ˬˣʱȴʺǡ
ˬˬ̸ܣ
סҩƷĴ֮ڵ껹Ӧÿ޸϶˵ҩ֮У׺棬ϢӦöá
յĺϵķԸҧűĴʼҩϢУ㾪ȵǣĲǱº͡
ҩתȫҩкƮƮɵĸоָоԽԽǿҡ
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С㣡ʲôҼҲü
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ѹȣԭΪõЩƵҩ뵽ʳˣ޸ꣿҩȻ󣬿Ҳô޸ġ
ĵʱӡԽԽ죬һһȵϢд壬Եת£ǿȲϵļǿ
ڷɺҩҲ֪˶ãֻ֪ͻѾľˡ
ҩҩɢʹִɹ󡣶ڴʱϺȵо񣬰ҩɣ껹һ϶
һ仰ϲӡӡͬʱͷһƣ֮׵֮쳹ա
һĻˣһ㶵Ŀ򣬵ǿŵʱһ㵲ѣһҪͻˣף
ǻдԸ⿴ͻơ
һҪֹǻʶ㣬žģתͷŶ۱ʣҪһЩۣҲҪһ֡


374 
֮Уƻ۵ԽԽ࣬׹˸ϣڵϵ㣬еӡڿٵĽϻͺ˪ϣͷƣҲԽԽࡣ
ʱҲǻƶƣһĿתǻʣȫƹĵȹƮ裬ᵴƣþһЩ˸оĪѹһ˳ȥֱֱĶǻʺ
ǻʸܵƣɫ˱䣬תͷŶ۱˵һɱСӣҪĶҸ㡣
棿۱۾һǻʡ
һԾŶǻʶ㡣
ɽ۱ʹЦӰǻһһҰΧ㡣
䡭
֮ϣͷԽԽ࣬ܵѹƣɫ˱䣬һڽӡ㣬ü塣׵綼Ҫˣ
С㣬СһЩҪԸ㡣һһΣҼ˵
˵ͷӰһɫעˣѹƵס
ǻʣһ˶ԸһΣϼһｻң㡣۱ʶǻʹЦ
ǻʺһڶ۱ʰѸһʮֲǣҲûй˵ʲôĿⶢ˵ס
ܻܲסǲ˵㡣˵ֱ˦ӰգȹƮһֱ˦ԽռǻʸǶȥ
ǻʶ˿Сӣһɨܿռǰ棬ͬʱŶ۱ʺȵĽˣ˳ְСӸɱˡ
۱ʹЦû⡣
ҼǰѾﵽ˵ƿҼɱ㲢̫⡣ͻƣɱˣֻҪܸҲ߻ħˣʱҪɱҪλǣ
뵽⣬۱ָһ㣬ռ俪ʼϵķҼշѹȥͬһշѹȥҼɫ䣬ڵӿУշѹĿռ˹ȥ

һ죬һ𣬿ռѣѳһѷ죬߿һļ²ѡ
ǺǣٽһΣ۱ʼҼһ˿Ϊ⣬һˮһйȵڿռ䣬һͷıӣӲӿʵʣͬһҼȥ
һĻһһҼļ£ҼҲһ֮ͬɫϾͰ٣οǶ۱ֳѾõ
໡
ӿԽռ䣬ҼȥֲǣŤͬˮһĺۼצ˹ȥҼȴܣֱֱӭӣӵһ󾪣ǼѵӲ֮ɣ
ӵеĲѵʱҼϱһ⣬ӳڽϣȻܽһ£ӾȻ֮ķ飬Űա
һӵ֪ܲҼ˷׭һ㶵ĿҼеķ׭ڴ͹һϲĹ׾ٵĵס׭Ҳļ
һĻͬúܶע⵽ˣһ͵ĿҼнķ׭ųȺ̰
۱ʸüҼʵķ׭
ǣҼ˵ʻǴͷĺã׭֣Ѿڲ֮ءȻκβ˱ʣǱͬɱˡ
ǿδأ۱ʺһӰͻȻһķ򼲳۶ȥΪץ˺ѿռ䡣
Ҽ״Ӱһ͵ǰ˿ĶûС۱û뵽ҼסɻԼܣһҲֱץҼؿڣаҼڳ˼
ǣֻδץҼһ͵ץڽϣķʹ˵ɳȥ
ģ۱ŭһֱֱĶ⣬еơ
ѪϹ۾ðŹâֱֱĶҼеķ׭֪Щʲô
ڴʱͷһ׵бֱֱϡ׵¡
˿˿ûоٶ㣬һɫŹ֣С붨Ҳ̫ʱ˰ɣ׺ҩ֮ĵֵǾһ֮;
ǻʿһĻгȭԸͬʱЦ㻤סΣ췣֮Ҳ԰ˡ
һĻΪ㵲ס׵磬ȴǻʵסһȥ𣿡
һɫɫֻǻһҲʧȥΪ㵲׵Ļᣬ׵ֱֱϡ
׵ϣӵܺĶΪ֮һǰһĻȴ˵ɴ۾ֻ׵ϣ˿ûʲô֮У׵֮д壬󽥽ʧ
׵类ˣһ㶵Ŀ㣬ǲ֮ɫ
䡭
ٴһ׵£͸ոһ׵û֮Уд󣬾û벻ϢʱҲڻ
һŽӶ׵ûһ˿Ӱ죬ǸоԴЩˣ龰ǵһμ
ȻȣҲһǻʡ
ģǻû뵽һһͬʱҲ޿κΡо㲻ƣǻɫĪ
ȻںСʵǿˣʩչط᲻ӣ뵽⣬ǻʸ˱ɱľġ
ѪϹΣǻӦͬʱѪϹķ򺰵
ͣǻʣûô鱾ʿɲѪϹٺһЦҪɱҲԣֻҪȵһΣȡĿռıΣ
ߣθ󣡡ǻʺһⱦҲڱصáһΣʾ͸㵱Ǹ͵ͽΣ
֪䣿ѪϹʱޱȣ
ǾͿﲻˡǻʺ
ѪϹֱֱĶǻʣʲϲв
ǽǻӿסһȵ
ѪϹɫźÿһЩһڲϱ׵ɵ㣬ͻȻ͵ЦɱǱʵֺϷھɱ㿴ǵ˵ĻҪǱҲǸͽܣǱʿɲ
ϹҶҶɱ㡣ŭȵ
ͣСˣôҾ͸ҪɱˡɱŻǵñʡѪϹЦĿת㡣ȻͳˣǴʱŲ
ѪϹ׼֣ǻʵӵĿ񱩣һϱҪǻʱƿǣǻﲻ֪˼Ĳǰȥ㡣
ѪϹһ㣬ӵܺɫ䣬ߵǿ˶Էǣˡ˭ܵסϼһ㲻ǵ


375 Ŵ
ʿѪòúȣ˵꣬ѪϹ͵ץȥܵĿռץȥͬʱҲѹȥ
䣡ʱһ׵ٴκϣһֱ㣬Ȼʱ͵ķڶ𣬱ܿѪϹһץ
ܿһץдϲ㻹ڽ׵Ĵ
䣡
׵ɲϵĺϣվ׵ѪϹҲ΢΢һû뵽ڱ׵㣬Ȼܱܿ׵統һöûУ
ֵˣñʰ㣬ѪϹЦš
תڵ׵磬֮Ҳһ׭֣壬塣׵ɲϵ£վ׵ȫ׵Ƶġ
浱ڽǾɱҲɣ׵µ㣬ͻȻſ˵һĻλ߸о˶Ҫˡһﵽʲô״˵ٽ£ȶ񷴶ӦС
Ȼû֪յźп߻ħ㲻ͬ׵˵Ǵ֮Ǵ֮Ŵ֮壬ͲúƽһС
ѪϹ֮׭ϴ˸˵֣ǻΪʲôҪɱ㡣ô㻹
Цѵǻûи㣬ҰǵذǵˡȫǺ֮ǵģ
ѪϹȻСϢȴͨڳв֪Ϣȴ֪һ仰ѪϹ׼ֶ˶٣Ͼͺȵƭ˭һող֮˶ѣкα£
Ųǻʾǡ㶢ѪϹһ
ѪϹĿתǻʣȴĿЩ˸Ȼǲش⡣ʱѪϹ˼֡һѪϹȻûг֡
䡭
׵ɲϣֱֱĶ㣬رеľ岻ơʱ׵ѾʮˡߣʮͲ࣬˶ʮȻϺ£˿ûн˼εǱ
ǱԽ췣Խֲ
㲻ϵ׵磬һ׵оǿȲϵȥֺת峹׵ıɹȵĽСʥ飬ɽѩ֮Ȫ̺䵽ֺ֮С
꣡ϣ
ĺ£ڵ͵ĺ£һûк֮ǰһһѿĺ£һ£֮ھ۶ɵ֣ᴩ꣬껯Ŧ߸޴֡
о֧ᴩʱֺͻȻֲըѿը֮һͻȻһУаеɣҲɽȥ
ǿգ޾ɨȥֻо󺣣У֮йһˮһռжٿռ䡣
ʱռ۶ͬʱɽѩлδɢɾҩ䵽һƬǺ֮Сͬʱͼ֮УһɹɫҲУƷ
оУ΢΢һ㶣漴ϲ͵֮ĵ״
뵤֮УΧܱߣϵĽУ׳ꡣ
䣡ԭͬ󺣵ĵʱ򻺻£ոտֲĿռ䣬ֻһشСЩӿԽ࣬һҲ׳
ոյ󺣣ҪټǾ͵СֲĵҪж붼оͷƤ顣
һɣоӵĵӦ֣ѾȫҪƶˣʺķʽй·ߣӵ֮ɽѭϢ
Ϣϵ׵ɲϺ£Ѿʮˡ
ʮˣһɫЩ
֮Ե췣֮ʮ췣֮пܴﵽʮ
䡭
ٴһ˺֮췣֮ϣȴκξٶĿס
ǻʼһĻ̲סϹҪٲ֣ǵĽϡ
һ仰ѪϹüͷץ˹ȥһѪϹû֣ٶȿ쵽˼㣬ֲӿռ䱻˺ѳ͵
ߣһ˵ʮ׵磬͵ı˳ȥ
ܵ𣿡ѪϹЦҪֻʵǾֻ·һҪأǾóʵʿֻǿߣʲŻ㵱˿
䡭
һ׵£׵£ѪϹЩɫ䣬Ȼܽ£ȴԸֽţĹ˶٣׵ϣ겻һסǾԼˡ
ʮˡȻ
Щ˷ܣֱֱĶ㣬ʮ׵磬Ѿȵϴ˵Щͻƾǲˡ
ʮ׵ϣʹףıһѪҺڵѪѪҺ³󣬾ʧĲˣתܰ׵׾ٵ޸
ѪϹȻһ׵磬ЦҪ֮ǰֵĻֻܽϵǽϵ췣֮ǾԽϢ㡣ϵεȿֲԺΪģ췣֮Ǵʱɵġ׶༪١
ǣѪϹȴᣬʮ׶ˡҲù˼췣֮
㲻ҪɱҾ͸㣬ɱɱҡĴЦ£Ʊƺܿͻ֮Ÿ߲ν
ģǻŭһ뵽ͻƶܾţСʩչطҪɱǲˡ뵽⣬ǻʾͺ޵ֱҧһȭƿ󣬾ͼٵĺˡ
ѪϹƺܿɫ˱䣬Ļһ˿ɡԭֵʱҲͷո֮Ըɱ㣬Ϊ̫ǶԷʱѾﵽˡȻ£ҲԸһ
ǻܿߣһող޸ôʵطЩǰ𣿡
֣ЦЦ˵İɡɷִ磡
ִʲôѵܵõЩɣŭ㣬õЩĴ۶Ҫһȥõĵ
ˣֻܿ˵˵а취°ڣȥǸʰˡ
һ仰ǻɫ䣬뼲˳ȥռ䱬ҡΡǰĹͻȻŴ򿪣һȵɨռ䣬ߴ䡣


376 
صһ߷ı˳ȥֻǵٶȵϳһϣЩ˲䱬ըըѳѪ⣬ɢգ˲䱻Ⱦ졣
һߺ˵ץߵͬ飬ܵǰӹһ١ΨһûܵľǾŴˣЩϣûиһ˿˺һ㡣

ҽ֮ϣɢŴ̱ǵѪζѪҺȾµĴءֻһ˲䣬ȴٴδ˵ԭƺƵȺֻʣǧվŵϵѪ⣬һѪɫҰޱȡ
̱ǵѪζĵ׷ǵ󿪵ĵšһȴҲ̲סܵһƬѪȣһӰŵ֮м۶ȥ˺
վţҪʰǻʵҲֻʱһۣҲӰ֮С
Ǹողţһ˾ͱǰһĻǰ޾ޡЩܵѪζĴ̼һֻֻ¶֮ɫ˽ײе˹
Ⱥڸո»ˣһʵŭһһɹӿЩ޽˹ȥ
˵Ĺ£һƬޱɱɢŨѪζ޸̼ܵնɱޣ˺Ѫģĳ˽ȥһЩ޸Ͳιǡһֻֻ޾ˣ
޾ǣЩΪ֮ĺһɹӿȥɱ޵ͬʱΪ׵ߣǴ󺰵󣬳Щ޵İΧ
ʱǧΧһһ޴󷨣ʼɱһֻֻޡˣȴһſֲĴһ·ȥ
໡
˲ʱһ໽ɫ䣺ϹŰ߱
ǰֻϹŰ߱ſֲƣһִﵽСϵշѹֹס˵ĽŲ
ģѪϹһ䣬ϹŰ߱Ϲ㲻ʲôǣڴʱȴǿֲϹŰ߱һֻûаʵҪǿһ
һְ⼸ֻնɱôѪϹһĿתˡ
ŵЩȻͷǴʱȴǰӣΪ顣ϹŰ߱Χȥ
໣໣һŭ֮ԭ޵Уһֻֻ޼գΧֻϹŰ߱ߡ
ģΧϹŰ߱ߵޣ۱һ˶̲סŭһոǻƣЩյ޼£ǵʧһɶ
յޣ൱ĳԪ֮ǰƺƵϰֻյޣһû뵽֮Ŀֲޡ
ͬɫ䣬ϰֻС֮ϵޣټֻϹŰ߱ԺɨЩˡ
໣һ໽УЩһֲֻֻ˳ȵѪһȺҲɫ䣬Ӱ˳ȥ
Ҳͬʱ˳ȥֱֱĶյޣĹ˼ɡ
ȰֻϹŰ߱նɱˡһߺնɱֻϹŰ߱Щ޲ơ
ŵһ˴Ӧӿͬʱһֻ߱ȥ˹߱ʱץ֣ٵĺˡ
ʲôһնɱֻ߱ѪϹȻˣǿ̲סһ
ЦҶֻһ֮ѡѵɵȥͰ޽ɣ治죬ĺȵ
һ仰ûһѪϵϢ֮ȫǰ
һĿתƿѵҲһ
ܱǸҪ뿪ߣЩ޳ܵҪɱô죿ΪҵİȫҾ߱ĺáЦǻʣڼǻһΧµǱʮָˡ
ߣ˼ⲻУһŭͬʱȴ޿κΡֻܿǿվһԣرǻʣǾñڶԸ޵ͬʱҪˡǻ˿ɣҪлĻ˻侮ʯԸ޵ʱնɱ
㿴һںսһˣ˵лᣬȽȥ
һ㣬ȷʵ޳ܵģһֻű˸·
ǿ߲٣ͬ٣˺޶ѷ£ѪϹ۱˸ǳ˶Ը޵ʱһоʩչŰ߱ȥ
߱ȻǿĴͬʱҲֵסѪһѪ⹥ϣһҲ͵˺
ڣӰŰ߱ճĿռ伲۶ȥ
ͬʱ֣ƿ·;赲ǵޣûа޵ֵС޸ˣӰٵûĹ֮С
ģѪϹȻǵͶɹһŭһȴ޿κΣ޲ŵǣֻܰŭйϡ

ҽ֮ϣһ߱˺飬һֻֻҲնɱͻЩ޴ﵽſڵʱѾ֮ڷиԪ֮
ƿһ·û빬УЩ޾ֹͣ׷ɱˡ
ѪʱҲû빬Ź֮ʧˣɫѿڵ˵ʱǱ˭ܽУȵõ
һ߽빬֮Уһٵ۶ȥ
빬һ˿ʼɨ

ܿ죬֮оʹһ˷ܵĺ
ϹŵƷ
Ʒĵҩ
Ʒ

һľ֮֮УƺǲıƵģʱʱ˾ڡĶҪڱĵطĻȻһᡣǣʱȴûһȥᣬʹ˵õֱֻɨһۿٵ뿪
֮У޾ıʱȥѰġ
ѪϹһȺˣȴһЩһĹȥ֪Ķ档Щֻǻؤġ
껪εȿֲЩ˴ʱĶǿѣŻᶪĵǡ
һ˿ͬʱҲм۶ȥ㿴·ٵĶһɨաȴҲ֪ò׵ʱ䣬Բ˷ѡ
Сģ
׼һʱ͵ס㣬㱻סʱ򣬵֮бһɢźһۼֲ˿ڴʱӵе
Щһһͼ
ͼ֮мͷ˿ŵŵ꣬ſٵС


377 
ֻһѣУûһĿ⿴򹬵װεĽ̻Իͣڹ״һΡڷִʮٻ
ΣȻһξָ֮Сɲλ᷸ɻ䣡ֻţΣǮҲܰ
ʱ̰Щư֮εĿһۣ漴ܣεһ࣬һУһоУУʱһ˱ǵҩֲҩȻ𵴵ŵ
Ʒ嵤ҩϲĿеĵҩżϲ֮ɫ
һ㶣еУаղѣԼ۹ôոҲˣֻĿⱻȥûעУû뵽бֵǮˡ
һԴ̲סЦԺɱ𱻽ҫҫĶסˡ
ʧ󣡾ʧôлư֮ķǳ֮ˣԴǵ˵ֻѺöǣʲôǺ˰Ǻ˰
Ťͷȥˡ
йϣݵǰ˵ⵤҩдáòţͻƳԪ֮ã
һ㶣û˵ʲôԺȴϵƷҩŮ޵ñöˡףҩЧܶ࣬ɡ
ϵѣҡͷ˻ȥţͻƳԪ֮а취
׼˵ʲôȴǰȥǸһӸոյδһ޴βɨ˳βſֲɨվλãһռ˲䱬ѿֲľڹ֮ϣʱѿռƷ
㣡Сģߣסβ
ߣӰٵǰ漲۶ȥٶȿ쵽˼㡣
͡
һ޺ӿӸոڵλãһзڶ𡣾ʮ״СĿͬͭ㣬ļµĹâӸµĿǰһ㡣
ޣͷ󺧣ŵĿǰľ
ĽͬΪ֮󺧡ǿֲĴڣոմﵽİ߱Ҳϰѣʵ໹ǰൽޡ
޲ͬǾ׵ٶޣִھʵ͵ģҲҪȰһΡֱֱĶǰޣֻ֪Ǻּġɻ󣬺ܿúϸͣߣ
ɫʱѪɫֱֱĶǰľǴɽǿߣһ֮˵˶ԴڴǰͬӤһ
㵲ǰ棬޷֮оȻһֱػ
㣡ոѣûָ١ϽӣӵˡҪٹʱָһʵӶܡ㡣
һ仰ס֣ٵǰ·;㿴ٵĺöǣͣʰȡ
ȻδȫǾƾʵʵǴܼ𣬾˽
ץֱۣϵǰ漲۶ȥ
ûз˼䶯׷ȥ䶯ĶȻ죬ÿһ䶯ԽԶľ룬һʵĹھ䶯£ıշѹķ顣
һ·䶯һ·棡Ǿʵдգ
һ·񱼶ߣĵ˦˦ˡһ·ۣȻϵߵԣڱ֮ϣٻƯڹУڻϣһŮ
һ·ۣʵıмȥǸոմﵽǰͱһǿķ˳Ѫ
˶һۣԷеľһ׼ԸʱȴҲͣԭȻ쳣ĹڵƿͷƵġ
һۣԷеɻ󡣲ǣһ
һ֮ͭͫĿٴο㣬лָ˸ոյ
ոɳȥģ˲תͷĸѯʺ˵ϣûа취뱦У
㶯ͼԣռȻǻʥģ˵õ΢ãϾǻʥµĶ˵
һ仰Ͻȡͼһɹ΢бŶȥ
䡭
΢ţŶʱһɿֲĹâ΢棬쫷ѵһжƷϯʯ
໣Ȼ˲䱩һĶӾȥ
ɫ䣬ȥͶһ˵ĸʴţƬ̼˱ͱʴһɶ
ǵĶӰٵܿ˶
ϣûа취Ըźϡ
ѣԱߵŮͳĴУǿӡеûС϶ʵ
Ͻ˵˵ӡѧûУ
һ㶣Ȼ֪һС˵ѹУֻ֪ô
ᣡǶԸ룬ҵ˵
һϣڵֶǿ
ӲʮĴڲڻ¡ϻش
һ仰ð亹ʮĴڶڻ£ֻ·һ;ٴ³ǹ˷ĵˣ˵ŵԱߣվס
֣쳣ĹһһֻҪֻѹǣᶯ
һɵʱָ֮һʵֻƣʰǡ
޲ߵʱվһԵͻȻ˵ٵȵȣƴһɻޣ
ޣһ㶣żִͣŮ˵ĿҲ̫˰ɡѴܼĴɻޣ
޾ǰ޻޷ӡӶΪūֻۡ޵Ĺ٣ϳɹʼͣлǴֻĶ
ǣʱȻɻޣ뷨Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ģʵ
ûУֻһԣ˵ͬʱָͼ˵ãгɹĿܡͼ΢ΪŸҳԡ
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378 ң
ԤϵûãѪϹ˾͸ϵѪϹ˼һҲɫ䣬ٵĺ˳ȥЩ˵ĳ֣˲עһɹӾȥѪϹ˲òӭס
ѪϹ˵סɫһϲ˺ǿնɱȫǱ˵ܽʵٽһ㡣
ѪϹĻһﵽΣҪٽһֱѱȵ졣ǣʱȴһᣬȻ󣬵ȴЩ˷ˡ
ԭ׼ܵˣһӿ޹ȥҲ²⵽ˣ޵δȫѣʱնɱռıǱˡ
ЩΧޣ㺰취ŽȥҺһԸޡ
˵ͷҲûٹޣĿתţһȥų׵ĵ档
ü̵ĵš㶢ǰĵţȻǹġ룬뵽ŶԻĵĹŶ֪ûа취֮С
뵽⣬ֱһӣŶУ䵽ŶϣŹ˦˹ȥ
Ŷ⼲۶ȥϣ
䣡
һ죬Ŷϲûкһ֣ϲǣűڹŶϣ˿ԹŶá
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ϲʼƹŶһţŶŷϵţҶ£ѿһѷ죬ѷ֣ϲƹŶٴ˹ȥ

һ֮£ųһͨķ϶϶ֵͬʱٵСɽ״ͬϲӰһҪСոոϵǰ϶ͺ£赲⣬˳ȥ
쵰ɽһٴλָԭţжǸǸо档
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ԽԽ£ȻڽĻָһ˵Ĺӵҡץͼе˦ͬʱ΢Ҳ
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УѤޱȵĿռ䣬ĿĴ˿ռΪ޴ϵϣӰＲ۶ȥ
ϵѤϵԱߣ㶨ۿȥԭءϵУǹ۳һ֣Щ㲢İǰֻҪеˣƪ֡
ңΣڤ㣬Ϊ֮󣬲֪伸ǧΪΪ֪֮伸ǧҲֻڤҲˮǧҷҡ߾죬Ī֮زա޹ʥ
㿴Ϥ£ֱֱĶǰӶµǹ⣬һƪ顣ֻһٴοǹɵңΣоУԺиֳһ׳𺳵ĳڤ㣬֪伸ǧˮǧҡϾ׳һĻľΣƬΣ˳ȻҲڡ
˳ңεʱ򣬿ռеѤǹ۶ͬʱңεһƪҲâǣһ㼤ܶܲ
һԺ֮У͸оԴҪըѿƵġͬʱǹӿ˹ȫ䵽֮УУıһӿ֮е䵽Щ¿ľ֮С
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翵ڿռըȥըͬʱж֮Уǹ۵仰Ҳ֮С
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ٴһ翵һǹ壬оӿԺ֮УһӰԺ֮вϵ˸
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ͬʱչһ£ٶǶȷ˼ңڡ
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ԣĵһλͨʩչңΣһ֮ҡǰ״̬ʹ˵еһң֮
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泩ĸоǻָһЩŬԺ֮еϢ֮Ҳо˼顣
ңΣĵңأ޾
Ĳ̽һ£оֹͣˡ뵽⻪ĿռȻ߾磬ҲΪһľ硣־磬ܴﵽģңΣȴﵽڷҡѾ㲻̫صˡ
ʹʱֻ֮ңҲڿաҪڿգҲҪԪ֮顣ǣƾңΡʱȴ
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һȱʬȻǮȥܶôã㶼ûƻ˼ȻҲƻ
㲻ٶˮףֻܷȡŶŶУ֮󻺻ı󣬰ˮС
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ЦҪİΧ£㻹ɱ˵ĻҲˡѪϹ͵Ц˰˼Ҽġ
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ոոǲҪʱһ𣿡㶢˼ҼǴЦ֮ɫֳ壬ʩչ걱ǾǿһкҲЩֲסΪûɱһϧѣҲ޿κΡϾԷ̫ˣֵزѾˡ似Ȼֲȴ졣
ѪϹͻȻЦû˰ɣҪûĻǾֵɱˡ
㶢ѪϹҲЦϹҪҰѵõĶ㣬ȰҰǻʸɱˡͿˬˡ
ǻʼѪϹɨһ㱾ˡǻǰҪɱʣʶȻһЩۡοΪСӻ㶫ɣҪƶѡ
ѪϹʼ磬˵Ҳˡ˵
ȣϧˣԭǸһ˵ġǣҪȴҶһˡϧ˵
ĻѪϹ۾㣺ҪڸıʵĻʻῼºɱġ
˵ɴ۾ĿѪϹ˭֪Ϲһеһˡһеµˣѵɱºسŵɣߣҿɲţ
һĬ̲סͶȥ˱ĵ쵰ڴеԭġ
㲻ţҾֻԼȡˡѪϹ㣬Ц֮ɫ
ʵ˶ϹǾޱȵģ޲ðϹ¡ϹһֱųݵģϹ˲Ҫɱһϵͽɡ㿴ѪϹޱϵ˵
һ仰һŤͷһ̫ƨˡ
ͣʵͽڱʵˡѪϹ͵Ц
һ仰ɫ͵һ䣬ۿѪϹȵʲôôῴ㣬ҪԼĨˡʵһֱصıʴˣʴܶһһֱġʴˣҵָơҪǲϲˣѾˡ

˾Ƥ޵еģոջѪϹؾͶ۱ˣȵǲǺɽˣ
λ޳ܵС˵ôϻʲôûϽʰˣѵǻ볢Ըոһвɣǻʵȵ
һ˵ͷڵ˲䱬ЩΪ˼ıǾʱȫû֡ڵֱֲȥ
ɹᴩأʮװΧգһǣ𵴡
ǿʽСӸնɱˡѪϹȵ
ѪϹĻ£˵ĹӵĿֲʮȫȻһ𣬱ֲĳϯȥΪ֮ɫ
Ҽʮ˵һɫľո㱬ıǾҪǿ֡Ѿǰֵܵˡ
㿴ɫͬ䣬Щ˺£оͬһֻһͷɲȥֻĿҪԼ顣
㣡ӣϴȣҲž֣û뵽Щ˻ᾡǰӣȻһԸ㡣ѾֵܵġҪǺУֻ·һѡ
㼱ٺˣѪϹ͵Цӣӵ𣿡
ѪϹĻ£շѹȥס·޿ɱܣֻ۾Ҫ׽顣
һݣڵӿͿʼըʱԭҪϵͻȻᣬһƮдƻ
˭Ҳܶ


382 ӿ
˭ܶ
һƮͬչ·ңԶʴ֮ռ䳹ױᣬеһܶоһжƿ֮Ƶġ
ĪѹѪϹѪɫŬҪƶ壬˿ƶˡ
ܼ𣿡˾ڣдŲ֮ɫܱƣð˿ܶĿֲƣԴﵽ˴ܼ֮ϵʵ
Ѫɫ֪ôǿߣһսսȴǿߵĳ֡
ǣȥһȴûгһӰ
ռʱᣬΨһܶľֻ㡣ֻͬԭأΪоĵ翿չִƻȻ壬ͷǵӡ
ӡϵһϢӡɢµĸоָԺӡ֮ƺεߣӵһˡ
µĸоֵͬʱӡҲмӡ֮һɫƮƮĸһӰӰƮ죬еģֻܸоǹɳ
ӰֵǼ䣬ռƺƿƵģһɴĵ׵Ĥݸðֱֱӿ˵İСЩ˾ãӰǰ϶ѡ
һȴһӰǰϣ˵ȥҲûš
ǲܶӰɨЩˣ۳ɵָһ㣬ѪϹ˸һѪҺݺݵڵϣҳһ޿ӣҪѡ
߾ĶӰرˣǸо˼顣ԭǾø߲ˡȴû뵽һӰһͻպݺݵڵϣҪε
ͬ͵ĿǰӰѾͣڽָеĺϣʱǰӰҲĪ֪Щʲô
ڻЩ֮Ŀ⿴㣬о˳ױƵģһ쬵ĸоĵðǿӰֻӰƣࡣ
Ҳ֪˶ã󱳶亹ʱӰŻŤͷ˵һҲˣأ
翣ɴƻܹ˵
ˣһ㶣û뵽ضǿӰһ仰
ǵģˣʥµˣ𣿡Ӱ˵
˵٣һתŵԵһ㡣
٣Ϊ٣Ҷδֻ֪㣬ŲˣӰʵ
ţţ
ӰĬȴش
Ҳ֪ʲô֪ӡڣƫ磬һһңٴˡ㵭˵ӡŲţپǴڡ
ӰĬһ֮˵˵Ķԣӡڣҵ˾ͱǣ
ӡ㲻šӰ˵ʱӰǿٶôֲδ֪٣֪ΣҪǶԷ˵Ļò
ƲˣȴܡӰ˵꣬Ȼ㣬Ŀ⿴ͷٻ㣬˵벻ռ仹˽֪֪ռһƣ½䣿
ţɻ󣬲漴Ц´䲻䣬Һʱ
ӰȻû뵽ôش㶻˵ռǻʥһ磬ʥԣռ󿪣ħħǻʥƺϹţйţŸǿߵĳƺšռ磬Ǵ½֮һˣʥԤֹٹ˼ɵǣͼıɻ
Ӱ˵ʲôҲ˵
ӰͻȻָٻ㣬˵һ˶ѣͳ֮֡½иֵͳ֡ˣҲţǸı䲻ˡ
һ㶣ֱֱĿͷٻ㡣оٻΪͳˣѵ϶𲻳ɣ
Щ˵ʲô㶢Ӱ˵
һռ䣬ֻһ취㣬ɱҪСõһ𡣡Ӱ˵
һ仰û뵽ⶼ֪֪ܶ
ʲôУʵ
Ҳ֪û֪ʥ֪һ㡣Ӱ˵Ϲʱǿӽ쿪ʼֻ硣ҵ⣬оǻָϹŵ
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Ӱǰ֮꣬Ż˵ϣһֱ̬
˵꣬ӰͻȻŰٻĹȥӰ͹ײһձըڿռһڵѷ죬ٻ͹ɽȥֻһ翵ԨԴվͺһԵ
㿴ٻӰȫʧҲԭءǿߣġ㲻˵Ļ
ħϹţⲻǿЦɣ
뵱ЦȴҲ֪Է˵ʮа˾ġ
ʱҲ˵һҪˣԭռһеԴͷ
ϣʲôʵ
Щ괫Ƶ֣ԭΪʥԤߵ˾ͷˡǺǣǻиĴг֡Ժ磬㲻įˡ϶˵

٣˵Ҳ֪Ǻǻ̾һ˵
ЦûȻı䲻ˣǾ͵ùҹɡЩˣɱ˵ողΧҺˬڣһһһ
г׼ǻʵʱռ俪ʼҡռһѷ죬ѷĳ֣ռ俪ʼͬʱճһ쫷磬쫷ԭĹƬһ쫷׾ٵɨѿ
߼һĻһɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫǣһֲ쫷£ǸûеֵĻᣬ׵ıУſռݣ֪ʧȥˡ
ڵϵļͬ쫷ɨУռɡ
㿴ֲ쫷磬ʲôȴͬ쫷롣ԭΪ쫷ᱬֲ˺ȴ쫷֮ʮºͣ㾪治ѡ
쫷תߣû˿ռ֮С
ûռкռ糹׵ıѿȫݣ羭궼ûб仯ʯڣʱҲȻ޴ĵһգͻȻըֲĳճһľ޴ڶ
ڶʱ˹ע
ڴ½ĸ䣬߶һĻоޱȡ
ͬʱһɢſֲϢߴӱչش֣ž޴Уһڵˡ
ԣڿٴζˡ
ĳһһҪ

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һɽĶ壬һӶܿܿɫӣҲÿˡ


383 
ڵһڴΧżˣڼмһŮŮò֮ΣӨ⣬üĿȻһϮϮڷƣϸխĳȹ¶ഺ壬ĳŮ˵ɫ
ûλΧǲͽͶѡΪ׵һ궢˺ȵ
˭֪ܳΪڵĹŵӣȻһȻǲԸֻԼˡƱӿżѹȥһɫ䣬֮ǿҲǾǰѡ
ʦ㣡ô죿Ϊ׵תͷŮӣŮ
Ůһڴ󺺣оǿֲƣоͬʱҲ²⵽ǵݡǴⲻǵõҪȻڵͽȻٴΣš
ҲǵõҪȻǽȥڽأ룡̶һڴ󺺣ϴżּᶨ
ڤ粻飡󺺼ˣ¶аЦĽɨ̰ζʮ㣬ٺ٣ӻûĻɫúúһ档
һ仰Ů࣬Ǳŭ쳣Ӷޱȡ
Сˣүͺһ档˵꣬һ̾ץ˹ȥٰԵֵĻᶼûУһɫ֣ˣȴҲܲ
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̵ȴ˫Ҫץϵʱһ𣬱ΪҪץסص˫ֲûץϣһ۾ȥǰһĻ㵡
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ոһ˿ǿͻȻһؤȻ̱ܿ˴󺺵֡
˶ĪؤʱӰȴһĭĭ\ģ˸оһģ֪ؤʲôˣȻĭڳˡ
Լ³ĭӰ̲סһ䡣Ȼ㣬ռݣ߱ɽռѷ죬ͬѣֻû뵽ǣռѷɽȥеĻҳȵŪһǣǲٻҳ档⸱ؤģ͵ط
㿴ǰֱۣһҰ׵Ĵ󺺣ЩлæԼһ£ҪȻôߵյ£ҳӡͲֹôˡ
ĨĨͣ˿ܣһŮͷһ̲סҪ˻ˣ찡ȻŮⷬģĿд󽵷֣
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󺺶ǰؤбŭѣȻôͻȻֱ۱ҵĺ׵վ̲ס
㶢㶣ЩӦԼոջ׼лһءôͶԼôأлģ˲ʧһɶ
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㿴ŶԷԲ۾Ż䣬ӣ˵ô׺òãҺ¡
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һڴ󺺼ˣǹĴЦһ伥𣺡Ҳ֪˭׹ؤ
ԭһСؤҪ̫ˣүЬӡ
ؤ

Ůؤһŭ֮촽˵߰ɡЩڵצɱ˲գۡ
㿴һŮŮ½ѵõЩΧ»ԼİȫЦЦֻϼЦݣ˾ʮֶġ
Ұܻòã㿴Ů˵
仰Ǳ͵壬һЦؤȻҲӢ۾
ؤ̰ġҲ֪

һ˵ļЦ£Ǹı飬һĺӡ
ŮˣЦãؤûпǶ
ˣлл㣬߰ɡŮ˵
㲻ңͬܵƵģɫǺ죬̣䣬˵һ䲻Ҫȥ˼
ؤ˼ʱȻǰӢۡ
ЩӰ͵ŤͷЩ˵Ҳң
һڴ󺺾úȤһЦ
׼ЦЦҴƨɡ㶢һڴ󺺣ŭ˫ۣϣҲֻ۾峺ɾˡ
ȭͷţһСŭģģЩЦĸ
߰ɡ̿ؤҡҡͷֻһؤôһɵӣ
㿴̣ʮֲ˵ҲңãҴƨɸ㿴
һСţҪһ֤ʲôżȥȭͷţһǰ˫ۣŬҪԼֵ׶һЩ
ֻһڴЦĸ뿪ûɵӣŮҲһɵӶԳ
Ůˣ̾һһʦֵܴһʦֵܵͷץ˹ȥҪߡֻץȥʱȴһǡúʵıܿ
һ㶣ǲòٴץ㡣ֻһǡա
̶һۣץȥñܿÿһεıܿǡãɻѡ
̿һĻ۾ȴ͵һֻԼǸСģʱ̲סҡҡͷ
˼ߵһڴǰ˵Ҫƨɡ
󺺹ЦðСӣԣȻ࣬Ǳүں㼸š
˵ҪƨɡظҪǸҵǸҾͲǼš
ǵ㡣
仰ֱֱЩ󺺣Ӳ죬߹ȥźҪƵģֻͬʱҲóһ߹ȥĽն˹ȥ
СģŮ˴󺧣


384 
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˿һĻһתͷ㣬ȴ¶һ޹ż˵˵Ҫƨˣ㻹ҡ
ʹôɫ࣬Ҳûк˼ɨһݺݵĴ˹ȥ
ȣҪƨɰ̾һ޿κ֮£һٴκݺݵ߹ȥһһֲ˼ĽǶȣٴߵƨϡ
ŶԷĲҽУһĻһ̺һſͣдŲ֮ɫոٶȣùҲΪǶûпôܿԷģһžߵ˶Էϡ󺺣Ҳһ֮Ĵڡ
㣬ؤ㲻ҡÿһ䣬һźݺݵȥô˧ؤ𣿼ôʵؤ𣿼ǧŮؤ𣿡
ĽһŽŵߵԷϣ̶ʱ䣬ŲʮˡÿһŵλãǶԷƨɣȥ󺺵ƨͺҽеû
һĿɿڴĿһĻһһ֮¾ɳؤǵ׵öǿ
ٴ˼֮·һ޺񣬶µһڴ󺺺λҪҪһұ٣ζϷ
һڴ󺺶㣬бĪòסؤǺʵǣóȻΪ׵Ĵǰ㹰ֵλֵܣΪС֪ܷڵϣһӸǣ
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һ仰ʱǺ̺һԲѣһﵽװ˭ô˭Ҫһ
ֻ仰ȴһڴ󺺴ϲԭһ治֪ˡԭĵӶʱ࣬ǺǴЦ²ߵˣǸˡֻǲ֪ܲܲ顣
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ʱŭˣóСӣôسŵô׵顣
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ȡ֣ôȡˣ˵ˣʱŮҪŵġδšⲻ۸ң۸˭ͱƭˡߣҹҪȻǶŭЩ˲ˡôԼˡ
㡭ΪӿŵͨʱֱŭĽǹ쵰һʼǡ
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ʵҲ۸ҵˡ˵꣬Ӱһµ㶯һɹңε⾭вϵת󱳣ȻžӨ͸˫֣ӰƯա
СһоյĴڣǴﵽԪ֮СĴڡˣ׾پʰǡ
յ㣬Ϊ״󺺱ĪϢվ䣬һڴ󺺺ߣ
һ˺ƺƵʵ뿪
Щ뿪¶ЦݡЩ˲٣ҪĻ֮ʵʤҲҪʱ䣬ʱԷܱߣòϾܲá
գתͷ̵ˡ̼Ŀתǣһһһʵֲ̫ҪԼʲôܾĿܶûС
ôңͷҺġ
һ˲˵ֱֱĶ㡣
ˣ֪ǻΪԼ̵⡣ɨһۣĵŮǹġ뷢һҲǲġҲѡ
һĿʼղҿЦѣ㳤ôôҪšŶȻ޾µ
һ仰̴㵣һǾȣ⻹Ưóݣ
ˣˣСһɡҲˡ̵ģһȥϴ˵ȣô˧òڵ治ֹӰԶߡ
뿪һʱѳ׷˼λǰǰ档ԼŵˡĻҪǰҲ󡣡
ӣȻΪ峤ʲô˵뵽⣬̿뿪ķԼСʹﵽС֮ϵļ



385 ֮
̵˷ֿҵһСԼϴˢɾһɾ·㿴ˮеӰˣ̾һˤȥҿԼģˣ»ᰮԼ
̾һЩҵѪͬʱ̲סͷΪռĴ͵ھȻʧ˷
Щڵûѯһ̵ˣ֮µֻһһ·ϹȥҲ֪˶ã·ϾȻһȺ
㿴һȺоôƫƧĵطôô˵ʱ̲סȥܿ죬ʹЩȺ֮е֪Ϊʲôˡ
ɽ߷ϣһžٰһᡣЩ˶μӽġÿʮһΣÿʮ꽻жޱȵıһֹҲһ꣬Ѫȷ硣ջõʿڷ
Ȼһ㣬һһÿεĽᣬȻһȻÿһʤߣܵõѵĺô
ڽûʲôȤֻĹھܵõѵĺô۾һԼʵȻһǿҲ㲻Ҳ֪ĲʿΣҪĻԼǲǿԼʺˣ
뻹ǴͷԼȫǱһĶҲܴԼ׼뿪ʱ򣬺ϵȴͻȻԺڵĵ̣СӲûгֵ𣿽ȥߣϷȥһõط
۾һ˵ԥɽϼ۶ȥϣʲôط
ûش㣬˵ʵѾﵽ֮Ϸ㻹ʺѧѧ֮
ϲشŹֵʵϣ㲻Ҫȥ͵ʦɡ
Сô˵أΪ룬Щͽͽﲻ֮Ҹѡһӣ֮󡣡˵Ϊ룬ô͵
ĵ˵ͷľú˵е˵飬͵
뵽⣬ٺЦ϶Ϥ֮ܰ
ϻش
һ仰û˳Լʱһ䲻֪Լ
ȵȣϾ뵽һ⣺ǲǵ͵ԽԽֿܣ
֪ʲôƵģŭȵ룬Ϸ겻ǽһѡҵݣܿǵ֮ǿǡҪڣǹŸҿҶûῴһۡ
ֵ˺ôװƵļһ
ϣǿǿȥ衯˼ҶҪǱץסͲÿˡ֮ǰʮΧҿɲٱΧ˵
ģ׾٣Ц
һ׼ܾʱȴ˵һĵطϢЧס
һ仰㳹״˲ȥͷĶ˾˷ܡ
ܵһƫƧĵطһۣżɽȥȻȥù飬СһãʹȵҪܣҲһЩ
һ·ۣܿ͵ɽ֮ۡﵽɽۣ֮ǰһС͵ĳǳأȻǺܴ󣬵ƶˣָ߸ϵĸоҪǣǳɢһơ
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˵ųǳز󡣵ȴһûġ˻ʮһǳءȣһҲܳǺ˲ɵڵĵزҪǻ˵ĵͱˡ
仰ЦЦںϵĻһۣϹУм޵ġĺ㿴۾ܿɵˣҪɱԼǲѡ
ϣӦôźϡ
ȽǳأҪȥأԵýǳ롣ϻش
˵㣬ųǳȥΪԵʣǳصûʲô鷳ֻǳش˱ڳǳصԵܶｻŸƷȻÿνǶҪȡһķá
ɨһЩ˽ĶȻһЩĶȴϲڵۡЩдȥδ߼ȴ˵ס
Ҫǳв㣬ȥҪ֮ʵ֮⣬Ҫı
룬鵤ȡ鵤ĳ֣ʱһ󾪺һȭ˿һ֮֮ĳǳв㡣
ǳв㣬ѾǽĺˣھڵĺˡˣܽеĶͷˣ㻹ܽȥ
вΧӵҪöˣϾ֮ʵˢʿ
вĴȻ˲ٺöŷ׭ȡ˲١ȡʱ̲ס̫ڡÿȡһֶڶȡһŷ׭ıꡣ
Ȼںŷ׭Ե޹ʱߣĵײˬ룬ȵջǵ֮ҿˡϼȻǾ˵żġ
ٴвһûбĶϵģҲûٰ˼ڽϡ
㣡Ҫ취ΧȥҲа취ȥǸط㡣
˵ͷʲô취ԽΧʱȴȺʼһӿȥ
ץһʵõĴǣڵľУŵһڱңóһһαԵĲͷ
һ仰üͷͷڻǴֱʡܶĴڣ߶ûһھȻóͷ
ʲôֵġ֡Ʒ͸˵ˡڣʲôĶ˵ʧܵһ

ϵĻĬ˻湻ţġȻ˿ۣڱ˵ȷʵջ󡣾㣬ô౦Ǳջˡ
Ӱžķ򼲳۶ȥϵʱѾɽ˺ˡھ룬ʩչһԵС㿴һ˶оǵʵһѾ㲻ˡ
㣬ʩչȻҪεࡣ룬ҪȥƭСŮӦźܴĳɹʡȻãǲһԺֺյʱҲûֶΡ
ԽԽбҪ˿ĺϸܱߵˣһ۹ŵֱֱĶ֮˳һ̲סһԭһϮ۰ȫΪǸǰˣϾǰϲװءȴû뵽һ򶷶ĳļһԭһһװƵˡǸһξ룬ú㿿һ𶼶
һĻ㶣漴ͷӦĵһҪҪԼ̨ǿԼôǿȻСԼߣֻԼС˵ķݡ



386 Ī
һʿĿʼֻСС֣ǿҲ֮ʿȻ־ѾˡڲԻţٲſﵽ֮ȻҲϲȴ㲻㡣
ȥʲô˼磬һλĴСһһӰ˲ھУֱۻ֮䣬ܵл۶ȥ漴һɨԭ̨ϴ򶷵֮ʿߵķһ׷ɳȥݺݵڵϡ
ͷһҵ֮һ͵ĿųǸƮꡣ겢󣬴žʮ˾ӣϴº͵ЦݣʮԵ֡еŮӣ¶˳֮ɫһЩŮ
Īԣһ˾ֱֱĿǰ꣬д𺳣ôˣ
һвţԲǧ꣬ôμᡣ
һܳ𣿡ץߵһߣ̲סʵȻԷ֮֮ȷʵĿġ
仰ݺݵ˦˦֣һ㱣־̬ȣ·һƵģУ㶼û˵Ҫүô˻ΪҺһС
ǳ鴤£ԼļʶҲСҶԹ޻ǣֻãʶԨһˣȻԼСãȵбҪúøοΣ˳ѪҺǺĲ̵ġ
ҴȥһõطЦ§ԷԷ׼˦ɫȴ͵һ䣬ŲŶ㣬ɫϷͷףһɹɺˮ˳Ŷͷʳ
Ǻǣո˵˭У㶢ŶԷЦ¶׵İ
ңң§ŵֻоԼְǯţʹд壬ȫ۹ŵļһﲢװƣʵ룬֮ʵһȫܵԷơ
˵һۣ͵һ˶ʱҽһˮǲϴӶͷðո˵С
ˣ˵ˣ˵ˣҲУҰְУУʮ˴СԷҪ޳ˣһ˫ּо˶ҪƵġ
¶Ž׵Сٴεһ۶Է˵ֲҲТˡ
һԷٴβҽ˳
үҴˣУҸĸǡ
㸸ĸǣΪʲôˣȵ̫αˣ
ӾøоԼҪ޳ˣһﵽҪԼô
㿴Ӷ޳žĲˣ̨ǸӢ꣬˵˭
ڵĪԣǧڣһţ۶ʵ˵ҪСдԣõϹŴСӿݵĻش
۶һ֮ΣԼǸոմﵽɻ֮֮һ۶֮ÿһʵͷıǡҪǣ۳֮֮һʱ䣬ԶԶǾܱ֮ġ
ÿ۳һܶһ츳츳˶죬ɳһ츳Ȼʵǡ֮֮ԻᱻƺΪʦ֮ΪˡΪ֮츳㾫ܱ֮ġ
Ȼ㻹δ۳һȻ֮㲻ʦ֮
㶢ǰ꣬벻һȻôǿѹ˳ƨˡ
֪֪ôܽΧӡ
ӹŹֵĶ㣬¶Ž׵СŸϽشȥ⣬ȥھģڻȥ
仰˵ͷɿӣ¶һõЦ˵Ҿϲ˵ˡ
仰дԸˡǣոֶΣڨڨЦЦûעϽ첽ߡ
Էˣ޹ͷԼֲǶħôԼʲô
λѵûһ𣿡ĪԶЦҪûУҿҪˡ
һ仰ɧվûһǰ
˱ĪȫѹƵʱһһӰ̨ĪʦּȻˣȻĪʦֵĶ֣ϣĪʦָһ
ڵٷ棡Աٴ˾֮ϧˣҪ˵ĪٷҲǿܣʵﵽ֮ҪûĪԵĻԲǧҫ۵ǡǣĪԵĳ֣עֻΪġ
ǰں͹ڶĺ˵Ҳһֱͣ
ϧˣڵǶôֲһţھȻһŪĽͷöǶ˵ȱ

һ۲㶢ǰ꣬һ֮һ۶֮Ѿ൱ǿĴˡҪǿϲ١㵹û뵽һܳôǿ
㲻𵱳ְһѵ̣˵Լǹڵġ
£ָҲһˣһΣҳȫǡĪЦЦ˿Ϊ⣬ٷûзϣʹԷѾﵽ֮
ǺǣĪʦֵʵǶ֪ٷȻȲĪʦ֣Բ֪ĪʦûȤһַʽԣٷ涢Ī˵
ʲôʽĪٷ棬Ǹı顣
һȻĪʦֵĶ֣ô֪Īʦܷܶ༸һս㣿ٷ涢Īԡ
Ī۾͵һ裬ٷã漴ǺǵЦȤʦܻǲֶΡǣΪܰҲɣ
ǾͿĪʦָҲҽˣٷͬĪԡ
Ī˿һ۽ǶΧƵȺһָ緢ڳˣֻҪԸ⣬ԶĪڴ˶ˡ
һ仰һƬȻĿⶢǰ꣬šȻսˣҲо֮ҪһΧĻ㳯Ԫ֮õסһȻŵȫս
ٷֱֱĶĪԣĪЩ걻ѹͷоѡһ뵽취Ҫ磬ȴû뵽ĪԱеҪţȻֱսˡΪԼһ֮޵вɣ
㿴žϵĪԣüͷҲ壬һ̫ˣǲ˷ģϣȥƨɡ
ʦܣ𣿡ĪԶٷ棬ǴЦ⣬һ΢顣
ٷ涢ĪԣĪʦֺðϣʵ֣֪ɷһѣ
Ǻǣٷ룬Ҵǣ˵꣬һӰ֣ھС
㿴ųֵĻ죬΢΢㶣û뵽ʿʶ츳ƷӽʮǵĻҿϵϢȻʮǿǲ͡
ĪԿųֵĻ죬΢΢һ㶵ԭ㣬ӣǴӦõõˣǺǣҪ飬Ǵлֲ㡣
ЦЦ˵ûȫõֻǰѾõˡȻȲĪ֣ٷ룬ֻܺĪһսˡ
޷ҲҪҴĶжǿĪЦŰ˰֡


387 
ĪԿǰˣǴһ־񣬲ٷ滹ǻ죬˶Ǽ򵥵ĻɫȻоԵܰܶԷҲ淭
ɣĪԶ˵
ٷһۣɨȵӿճһУܵޣצĪ˹ȥ
˹ֻޣĪӰƮݵ֮һӰ޸ٶȣֻĪԸովĵطˮһ㣬ͬʱ䣬ˮһŰռ䡣
óһ汾Ҫǻˣ֮ڣǶðܡĪٴλصովλãֱֱĶǰˣɫûһ˿
ٷһۣٷ˵ͷӡĽͬʱһ׹׹һ㣬ϵŤ߰룬һ׵绯ߣĪԼȥ߻ƿռ䣬һĹ켣ɢļµϢ
˼ĪЦһ䣬ֱ˦֮䣬ɨһ磬߶ȥ

Щ۵ľ߶һʧǣϣ˲һ߾׵ıĪԸˡ
ĪֹȻǿһЦ֮УһȻ𣬻첻֪ʱѾĪԵУһûĳĪԲ˹ȥ
鴫й治ǲ֪˼־衣ĪԴЦϯסһߵͬʱֱ۾Ȼֱֱ̽ץ˹ȥ
䡭
ĪԵֱ۶һûĳʼĪԲƶȥ˲ͰĪסʼ
ٷ濴һĻͷһϲеӡĽӡۣأ
ٷĺ£ͷûɫ䣬ɫ֮бֲһֲߣڿռ䡣̶ʱ䣬ռͲǧߡ
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ٷĴ£ǧĪ˹ȥǶ׹ļµϢɢΪ֮쳣
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ĪԴЦһȫȵȴǴбͷ۳һ޴УͿ˵ʽ
ĪԵĳĪԵĺ֮£̬ȻֹͣĪԿʼһı
״ɫ˱䣬ӡ᲻Ͻ֮壬
ڻĺ£ռų֮йȥͬʱͷͬһ𻨣֮һɹųӿȥ
һ֮͵ĿŻ죬Щȡ㵱ͻ콻ֹʵֻԼ൱ѡԼ£ʱʵԼ
ûʲôֵģ˻ͳϵ˵
ǣ⴫Ҳ̫ǿ˰ɡףɽѩȵȰ£Ŵﵽ֮ȴܳҡЩ
вֻǴеͳͬиϻشЩϼһ˭겻ǰԾһĴڣеǵĵͳ͵һƽȻ׵İȴЩϼһӡ൱ڽʡʱ䡣ƣͬƣñ١
Ȼʣȴòʵ
ĴУµȵĴСٶȣ㲻Ҫ˵ǸŮޣǿˡѵû֣ÿһμʵ˵УҲǷֲεġ
ȷʵͬ˵һһֻƷ³ԴڶȴԿֻʹﵽ˰÷ݵġ
ģȫһµȵĴо˿ֲҪϵȵأò˻ˣԼףе˲ˣȴк˲١
ħ仰˵˵ģⲻǱɽһǶѡ˵ҲҪԷƱȻǵơҲơȻֻһ·߶ѡҪͻƵͳļ޼ѡǣǵͳУ߳Լĵͳһ߳Լͳˣͨ
ϵĻŸоοһЩ
Ҫǣ׵磬κδжҪǿƷ֮µܸоʲôҪɵƷ׵磬ǲᵽĺô㣬ԺõƷ׾֪ˡЦ
ʲôôźϡ
ﵽƷ飬ȻԼԡɵƷףܲأ᲻˶õһ
һ仰㶣漴ͷһƬȡҪ˵Ļǡ
󶼸оѪȡ
ǺǣֻƷѰ˵
ʱ˼֣Ŀ⿴ǶϣǶĪɴЦݣӡͷŵͻȻը
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ĪԵĺ£ռ䱬һĪԵϣһɢ̹׵籬Щ׹ڲϵĳϣ˲䱻ɢɢ˲䣬׳Ƕǧߡ
ߺ׶һ𣬾Ȼûбһ˿Ĳһʧڿռ֮Сٷͻ죬ʱҲӰҲĵɳȥ
ǺǣǻʲôҪʩչġ죬ͳĴУ㲻ѧôһɡĪԶŻҡҡͷȻʧˡ
ЦĵͳҲûȫеĪֺα裿
ĪЦ˵ˣֻǾʵĻôһУǾҪȥ
ٷɫ˱䣬漴һ˵ӣȻĪսˣѵ㲻һ𣿡
һЦһӰ䵽У棬ĪԹֵĪ֣Сǰǲں͹ڵĶԹСܴĪжǿ
ĪԿڵٹӣЦЦ˵޷Ҫڵ֮
ĪǿڵĹҲˡ֮ʵ֮һһ֮ĪԾȻ˵Ȼ治֪жǿ
ǰ˵˭ʤ
ߵһ۷׷ף㿴ЩһЦȻʵҪĪȴܡոĪȻֻС¶ȴΪֲֵܵġ
ô˵һĿת㣬˱ĵ˭ΪҲǸֲɣ
ǣҿǾʤˣҲܡҲǺպˡ
ǰװҪȥ˼һжҪͻɷ㡣

һ仰з߷߲ƽ̵ģҶô˧ˣôܱȲǸС


388 ҪҪȥ
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˼˹ޣɫ˱䣬˶һۣԵͷڵӿһ𣬻޵˹ȥ
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ĪԿ˻۵ĿֲЦһӿУʱɫ׹Ⱪǣ˻۶ɵľȥ
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һУѿ޳һȵӿ˶ȥɫ䣬ֵŹɹȵ
Χ۵߿˶ˣһ͵ĿĪԣ֪ǿû뵽˺Ȼ·硣ߵļߣʱһֹۣһ汻¶ˡ
Һ㶢ųûǵֹҪȻ㶨Ȼߣͳˣô顣
ǺǣλҲôĪԿЦ㱾£Ҫˡ
ӶĪԣĪȻǲĿ԰ôĶóͷŴȡùھǹԼģû뵽ǣĪԻ
ҲĪӵĴС˶ĪԵʱһĵͬʱһӰƮڼ˵м䣬ŮӺڰ׷ˮһʮˣ׵ķ͸죬촽Σ̸һһϼһ׷󡣼⻬ļѩϸۣȹһ˫˹⻬ѩ׵ȣʣǡ
̣һ㶣û뵽￴Ůˣ𵱳ڳĽ̲סһȡ
ĪԿͬ΢΢㶣漴Ц˵ʿĻ᳤һ˫ͽܣؾǸˡǺǣ˼ʵ츳ϧ㷢ֵҪȻƾ˫츳ټʿͣӦ͸߸ˡǴʱȴһξ롣
ЦЦĪӵʵȻ޷˵Ǿۺ֮ǲܺĪһս
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ĪԵĻҲŭ˫ˮĪԣɨһɫ䣬תΪһС
Ǳ̬һһ֮һ벻Ҫ֮ҽʿ̣ʱҲ
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զ࣬һλöôǿҰҪƿʿ
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һΣĪûеǹʹ׵ɨ˹ȥ
ٷ˵ͷһҧٴʹֱֱĺĪԣĻ

ӺһĽͬʱ̵ɫͬϽĪԾ˹ȥ
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һʹ£ǰ۳һֻ޻˺ѿռȥ
ĪԵ׵ɨ˹ȥžײ쳹ϣ˹һȥ׵÷£һ˿Х벻С
׵󿪴ϣȻȴǡλõסй
ǿļһ̲ס̾һһУȥ죬ǿһ
׵󿪴ϣſĪԵһ˿˵Χ㲢ϣܣ֪˶ûгȫǣĪԾͳ
ʹ죡ĪԹЦӣ𣿡
ЦĪӶûȫôöã
ҲգȻ㲻ãô͵˽ɡĪԴЦֱһ˦һֻϣȻֳһѾ޴׵׵˦ݺݵ̺ͻķ˹ȥȻĪûϧģһ־ͶԸġ
̺ͻĪԵ׵˿׼ܿʱ׵ͻȻըֲĳ˳ͬʱĻס

׺ͳϣֵֵסˣ˶ֵסı׷ɳȥ׷ɵķһվķ
׹ˣΧ߸Ͻߣϡ˼վﲻ̲סѵߡ
ŶԷЦЦ׹ˣӰһ̶ȥСƤȵŮ˽ۡ
ˣѪ²жϵʱһ𣺡ѽɱˤţ㡣
˵꣬ȥ̵жϵѹϣ͵֫ͷһ
û뵽ԼܵͻϮ͵쵰ſҡ
ôôأ㲻˵ҿΪ㲻ˤš
΢΢üͷЩϤŤͷȥȴԷ۰ţֻ̽ʵ㣿
ٺ٣㶼֪ˡЦ㻹лҾˣ
һ仰ЩûɫκһƬо㻹壬Щ̣쵰˭ҪˡոյȻСȴҲԼɴ˺ڣƽ޹ʱռ˱ˡСӣǲǹģ
ֻ¶۾һĵɫվԼˣЩ˵ſҡ
Ŷãæҵķſֻſʱֲۼ̵ͦęϷ
߿һĻһĽ쳣
СǺ֪Ҳȥˡ
ǰСոջ¶ǻܣȻˡ
˼ߣȻǵ֮߷߲ƽ˵Ⱥ쵰Ȼ˵Ҳµģѵ֪Ҷ۽
ȻҲǵֱֱ֮Ķ˵㵽ǻܣ
ɫÿڨڨЦ˵ġ
̶һͻȻЦҪҪȥһ


389 
ɨһĪԣٿһ۶𿪵ٷˣ̾һˣĪôȥһƾܰҲ֪˾еģñ˳һǲġ
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ʹҡͷҼҵļҽʮϣСʱ˵Ҫվڱ˵ĽǶ롣һֱôġô㣬ҪǳĪǰԱģҪܲ˴ӵô죿᲻ġ
ĪԲôġһһȭȥ
ǿδأ֪ԽǼǿˣľԽǴо˵ԣһǲȥˡ
ȥˣһۣĿŽǶȥ
ĪԿ̣ǴЦݣС㣬ѵ㻹Ҫٴ򲻳ɣ
չһЦһЦڳ̲סɹɻ棬̲סĭʱʱ̰͹£׵Ľ
ȻĶ֣˵һƳ㡣̽ЦȻĿת㣬ָһ㣬
һ仰˵Ŀⶼת㣬ܵеϵĿ⣬̲סһ䣬Ůô̫ˣз߷߲ƽʱһҪƨɡĿɨеԵƨɣ̲סһȡ
Īһ㶣ȫ۹ŵ㣬ЦλֵܣǾͽһɡ
վһ̣ȴŮǳЦȻĿɨƨɣȵȾ취㡣
˼վ˵ļһʱЦһﴵţıǿҶоͱɷ
УҲ̫˰ɡҶжֲ
ûģҲ̨˵
ǣ˶۹ţû˵֡

һЦ۾ֱֱǶ̤ʮ˼Ȼȥ΢΢һ֮Цǲ
һȻӡ
ߵǶһۣ漴Ī˵˵ҿûôǿһĲ㣬ҲҪв
찡ŶͷоҪˣһﻹţء
ĪԸ׼˵ȴϵһǳֻ۾һӣҾ͸һӡˡռˡ
̲ס˭ֻһӡ
Ǻǣ𣿡ĪԶЦǲ֪ܷǼ®ɽĿ
̾һȣ֪ΪʲôԼΪ̫˧ˣҶʱվӵİԼԣǿĻǺΣյġҪǰô죿ҲϲɫŮɫŶӵѾŴ½תȦˡ
Īǳ鴤һ£սȭͷ֮ƽϢһ飬º͵˵ûϵӦûôյˣ
ҡͷԵ̾һΪ֮ǰûмңȻǲ£Ҿ͸ǿǵñ۾Сı˧Ϲǵ˫ۡ
ֱֱĶ㣬޲ȥݺݵһһ١
ЩʼЬˣϽתһλãվ̵ͬʱѺ۵ñӸѵ
Ҳ˧
ѾģھӼҵɵӵĶɵҲ˧ˡ
ǣģһȭܰ
̵ģƤôֿ˧˵СȻ˵Լ˧

һ仰ŭˣǿ˵Ʒã˵ҵ°ܻ˵޳Ψһ̵ǣ˵Լ˧
һȺû۵Ļ쵰ŭһˡ
̼ˣ̲סЦһġ
ݣ΢΢һ֮ҲЦֻǷ飬֡
¸մĪԶЦҲ֪Цʲô
㣡ӱϳ󣬾ûڲݣֱԻش
ǲ֪һ˺ҶһһϣĪԶ㣬Źâ
㿴̵һۣһҲκεǻظԼ뵽⣬Ȼ˵Ȼһϣɵʵ򡣡
˵緢õµ߸ŭѡ
һʱƤӲ
ǣȵȿĪô
ǣүû˵˧˼˵˧
һ˶㣬ŭϣȻַģһȵܼܲһСģʵڲһǿʿ
ǺǣǾϣˡĪ۾ǰ꣬Ҳûзϡ
Ҳû뵽ȻһսĪԣԭ֮һսĪԡȻ֪ǿز
֣ǻһɡ̤ǰһЦ
㿴˻һۣ˵찡ǵ㵯Ľ飬ȻˡðɣȻҪȥĪ֣ȥɡո˵ҲһΧҡ
Ц˵һԿĪ֡
ʲôŭˣ֣ô£ģȻǿġ
ĬԶ˳ȥ
˳ȥĪЦһμŵꡣϲˡһʮеġ
۾Ī˵ЦٰʮҲڻ¡˱ãְаɡ

ĪԼ˵òܺ˵ȥˡһƤ̫ô˵Ķ֡
뵽⣬Īӡɨ쫷ɨ˹ȥҪھǴ󻰵꣬Ŷǿʵ
˼ĪԶ֣һ񣬵ȴܡںܶ˿٣гǶǻģһﵽ֮ˡΨһ߿˵ıЦ߾ǵǯġЩС㣬ţЩ˶ļһȫȻǵԼҲűһѡ
Ī쫷磬վλɨ˹ȥﲻƣһ̾һĺӣ㶼ˣ
̿վﲻҲ΢΢üͷ쫷ϾҪϯˣӦԣȵȾûʱˡ
쫷ҪϯϵʱӰȻվλʧ˲ʧ˵Сٶ㶣һĿǹ쫷λá
ſտҲĿռ䣬һʹĲ˲۾ȷûп֮ĿⶼתĪԣ
ͬüͷһ壬ͻȻʧû뵽
̽ˣûУѵԸҲɣ
һ䵭ĪԵĿ͵תһǵվﶢ
ȤĪЦķˣΪոյΪǸ
һ仰˶㣡



390 
ĪԼһûжãٴα𵴿ռ䣬˷Χȥ͵Ļɨռ䣬ֱȥ
һнаĪЦϣܵס
èͲˡʽҲ˼óۡĵ𣬽µ㶯Ӱң쳣Ȼ޳棬ÿε㶯֮䣬ܿԽԶľ룬׾ٵıܿĻ껯ĺ
ÿٶȣĪԶһӰӵӰͷһֱֱĶ㡣
ߣٶȣһʹĲ۾ŵĶ̨Ǹĵ꣬Щŵϴ
̶ٶȣͬЩ͡ٶȣܴﵽġ׾ٵıܿԷĹо治ѣѵôǿЩܴеҪ죬ѵҲʲôвɣ
룬ֿ̾ܣ츳ʶ˿ѡΪͳ̳Ҳ֡
ײһ𣬶ȴĴһЦĿĪ˵˵èסˡסң
ĪԿǰɴԲѵ꣬ʱѾûκˡٶֵˣ
ĪԶΧĪԵΧĵҲ쳣ľ裬ңٶȻʮֲֿȴֻиĲΣĪ֮Ȼţ۶Īԣûмġ
ĪԶ㣬ȵӿһף㼲۶ȥ֮ռ䱬һĺɨջһۼ
֣ҿ㵽жǿһסĪԺ֮£ЩСһ㣬ȥ
㿴ǵضµף΢΢һ֮漴ЦҲ뿴ҵʵҾվΣ
ĴЦУȻ治ܣվһЩ׺ϡ
˿˾ٶһһۣСǲǷˣ۶ףȻȥⲻ
䡭
ǰһĻȴ˵ɴ۾ͬԤϵϡԤϵ˿ʼȴûԤϵ۶ɵ׺ϣ׵壬屬һ̹⡣ǣ׵紩Уȴûиһ˿˺ֱֱվЩ׵ϣ˿䡣
Īԣ˵һƾܳ鷭㣬ЩС׵磬κεңЦһֱֱĶ׵縲֮е㣬һѵûţôǿ
Īͬԭأ׵˿ɫ㣬ҧҧ촽ôҲԸţʵһ˵ֹҵԤϣ뿴ǲôǿ
˵꣬Īڵӿ۶ͷһɹȵϯܣֲ쫷磬ĪԻ۶Щ֮һֲ׵籬׵绯̹⣬۳һ޴ƣ֮塣
˿ƣɫ˱䣬رٷ棬ǺѪɫû뵽ĪǰͷôࡣƣҪﵽߵĲβ۶ʵƶ۲˵۳ˡ
ٷһθоҪ׷ɱĪϣãոյĴ򶷣ĪԸûжö
һڵƣϣܽӵĪԶ㣬е㶯ƿ񱩣мһȥ
㿴ѵƣͬȣʮֲֿҪǱ֮Ǻ䵽ҲˡǣԸȴǴشˡ
㿴żɲܵЦҾͽΣ
˵꣬ȭͷֱֱѿռȥһȭԵֲ˿һȭȷʵ̵ֲȴĸоһȭ֮ѡ
ѵ뿿һȭ̫쿪˰ɡ֮ʵҲҡҡͷ
û첻ŵǣһȭ֮ϣ俪ѵ׵û㣬Լϣǲмֵ
ǰһĻȷʵ֤㲻мһ㣬Щ׵ϣ̹ƣվĿֱֱĶĪЦĲô
˵仰ʱдЦѣңҰһЩ˵Ҿ۳һ
˼ǵȻı飬һǶ䱬ſֲϢƣһҪǵĻǱɽ̿ˡǣǰȻ˿⣬һﵱֲ˵زɣ
˫㣬ͣת֪˼ʲôٷͽˣѾԭء
ĪԿǰ꣬ͬüѡ޷굽׶ǿ׵£Ȼһ˿˺ûС
Īڱŭˣ˵ҾͲţĿֲ˲Ρ
ƣ֮ˡ
ĪԵĺ£˲䱬ѿƿռ䣬һļµ̹⣬ĳȥ֮ռѡ
㿴ֱʱЩأͷ׷תһױ鲼ȫȣӰһһȭȭĺ˹ȥ޻ΣȫĹ
˼ˣһоѣѣһﻹǿȭͷȥӲ
ٷ涢ųе㣬о˼飬ǰĪѾ̬ˣȴû뵽ڳһӱ̬ġ
䣡һȭȭϣ׵ֱ֮۽֮УײƣоϢֻϢδϸϸĸܣͱɽȥ
ĪԱ׵Ȼǿ׵㣬׵ĸˣ׵£оǿҲڲϵļǿϲѣĪԣң
ĪԼ˲Ͱ飬ɫ˱䣬ȫ׵Ƶ㣬ȻҲûй
ߣһ㣬оЦߣǴһһԭôǿҪżƽϸոԼ˵Ļǡ
뵽⣬һЩ߿ʼ͵͵뿪
һƬžֱֱĶ㣬ϵ׵粻ϵļ٣ǸǳĬ
ϵһ׵ʧ㶢ĪЦô˵ֱ򣬾ֻӸġ
ĻĪɫĪֱֱĶã漴ЦֹҵԤϡҲգǿˣҵҪôһưҡҼʶһɡ
һ仰ĪԴŹЦ˺ģӲˣ㲻ҵķϣҾͲˡ


391 С
ûϵҪֵøСĪԶ㣬˫תżᶨ֮ɫ
ͷǰĪԣĪԼᶨŻɵĪжһһ񿴳һʵ
ˣ治ϲ۸ˡһİڰ֣ʮֲмƵġ
Īǰ꣬ɫĪʵ׾ٵĽƣһȻԼǿģ֮ȴܽ¡
һҪֵĴأĪԶֱֱ˵ôǿԸΪԭ򣬲׾ٽơ
֣ȻĪִҪ¶ְɡʱҲڳ
ĻЩûһƳ쵰Ҫù˵һ˹ȥ
ǰ֣ǿ۽硣ٷͽҲͬʱ˵ߴ㡣
һܵȺڴߴֻ˵ҲգǲֵġķϣҾΪѵĳһΡ
˳ƨЦȴת㶢㣬Ҳʶһ굽׶ǿ
ĪԶ㲻ӣԸ֣Ҳȫܵ۶ȡ
Ī˷ԼдһҶûǿôȸʲô
ȻȷʵһôңôȣôҾ͸棬һɵԸ㡣
˵꣬еӡĽڽָпʩչӡ̲סС޳ܣñǾԭһʵ
ٺ٣ڽúϵһɶ
ĻָеĺϺ޲óһһ٣ҵûôۣ붼붯ҵ
Ҳŭ㶨ϲԼӡĽһָ漤ռƬճ˻档ȼյ죬ֲܳȥ
ԭأ
ĺ£漤ĻмĪ԰ΧȥֲĻ˲Īɣڵס˵ߡ
ٷ˿һĻһȻ̾һеǿȴûдﵽĿеԤ롣
ͬģȻ֪ԭֲԸ۶ĴȴҲѣԿĪ԰ȥĻ棬ӡٴνͬʱһӵӶңεľ֮ӿȥھӿ֣彥˵棬նе㶯糤һĪԶȥ
Сٷ˾ڣ͵Ŀյ㣬նĴڣҲСļ
һƬžֻյ˵Ŀⶼеϡ
˴͵עٺٵЦңλܻˡ뵽⣬Ҳٱ档
ĪȻЩȣ۶ûзϣһ˳ȥĻһ·ӻİΧг뼥Ц䡣ȴվĪ㶣ŵĶ㡣
ȣһɵ̫Ȼûɶ˺ҡͷԣƮ£档ֻȴڴ˺̱Ͼʵʩչԭ൱ǿġ
ȴ֪仰ĪԵĳжһжǿ
Īһֶ˵ָУˡ
˵˵Ȼǰ֪ɷҡкٺֱЦҪƭһǾ̫ˬˡ
üͷϽ˵ֱ𼱣ıǳѡľڳǣȽڳ˵ɡ
ӿɲŵ汻˵õڳ֮Уʵڲд˶ǣôҲǶߡ
ڳǣ۾һŲ˵ʲôͷҲãոպĪִһȫðýȥϴһ衣
˵꣬ζĿһ̡˲ɫͨ죬ݺݵĵһۣתͷ㣬ֻȴ޵ҧгݡ
Ӽ㲻飬һʼŸոձʿʮ߸˺ƺƵڳǶȥһ߿ŽڳǵˣĽѡ
ĪԵ˶뿪ȻǶʿڱԣʶոմ򶷵ǣﻹȤٿȥɢɢĿʼɢгȥμӽᡣ
Ӵ˽ڳ֮УΪܼڵĸ߲㣬ȴûмһ
Ȼ⡣һӾȥд泩תΪָʵ
˼ֵһҲû˵ǽЦλǳŽġ֪óʲôǻཻһΣ
ĪԵ˵ͷһ۴ֵ㣬˵ִ֪ʲô
û뵽Īʣȡһ鵤˵ֵǮöǰżȻõġ
˿е鵤ȻⶫǲǶڳ˵ȷʵ㲻ʲôĪЦЦҲ˵ʲôתͷٷ˵ʦܣһβǰŵóɣ
ٷ濴һĪԣһ˵Īʦֵ롣׷ҾˣҲԲõġ
Īҡҡͷʦ˵ЦˣҪ㲻ܵõ׷һȥģڣһգû⡣
ʦߣΪ̫̰ġٷߵ
̰Ĳ̰Ҳֻ֪֪ǣһһ㻹ֵǲɣҪǽŹڵǿأͲˡĪЦ
㡭
ӼԽԽҵƣϽ˵λǵĶԹɲԺ˵ȿóĶô
ǺǣȻӿˣǾ͵ȳ˳˵ɡĪν˵
ߣٷһҲ˵
˿ʼóһƷ㿴óһƷ۾ʱʱķŲ׭ĺö
Щͷһ˼ԼʲôԻЩʥ鵹Уⶫ̫Ҫⶫȡ͵òʧˡοⶫһ֣ѱڻġ
뵽⣬ѰڿռնɱļԪ֮ռ䱦еĶǷֲٶóġ
ĪԵ˼һƷóеĶɫ˿䣬ûһ˿ԥرһʿóĽƷ׳һѶѡһʱ㶵Ŀ㡣ףʲôƴ֡
һĽĿ㣬ȻһЦҲƴ֣Ԫ֮ƴ֡Ȼɱ˶ᱦһǰ;飬Ժö



392 
ҹǿշǱ鲼
ӰڷΪأ⼸Ӱٶʮֿ죬û뵽źͬĿĵ˳֣
һ˲ʱðĶ׭ҹĻ٣ʹ⡣ͬʱǰ濴һӰľ׼ʱȴǸӰҲ͵͵һ㶣ԭУԭ룬ѹְóĶȻкܶ಻ģȴû̫ġ
ĪԵֻó˺鵤൱ĶɲЩֻڿԭĿġ
˺ԼͬĿģ㲢̫ˡΪ˶ֵ࣬ĿҲԽߡ
·ڵĸֲ٣ǳᱻ֡ұߣȻЩ·Ҳ˷㡣㡣
˵ͷӰһұ߼۶ȥңβǻĴͨµĹӰͬҶһңȥûһ˿췢ʹǺϣ̲סһĽ
ҹɫһ·ʩչңΡΪ˲̾Եʣ˲ʱŵ˵ĿĵءĿĵس㿴һ£סİѳǳһΪ
ȥ˵
㿴£ðźʱȻܽңգ£Ҳܱ֤Լİȫ
ϣҪ㿴źϣЩԼȻûпָ֢һۿȥ˷
ģǻþѣȥ֪ˡ˵
ŰɵĿ棬ϵĴߴ٣һҧȥܸоԼڿٵ׹ûã˵ϣȽЩ飬ֻȴûеôߡ
ߣϴߴٵҲûʱ룬ӰԶȥ
СһЩһԹҲŲڱչصϼһ𾪶ǡѵҵߡ
˵ͷյĺϵѣٵǰ漤ȥ㼤ͬʱǰ㿴Ӱ
Īԣ̣˵Ӱһ۾Ϳ˵ݣоȵͬʱҲһЦ⡣ҲУ˼ֹ˼ɣΪ˾Ǳ֣Ҳڸɱǡ
뵽⣬Ӱһ̶ȥ
ʲôΪʲôĪԣɵǼɵĪȻֵļʸСǸһˣиһŮ泩룬һ˱˻˵͵㡣ҪǸһˣѵñǺɫɣ
ܽһ·ûзһ죬ûоԹеһˡȻ̶Ϥںϣ㾪Ȳѡ
Ů޵Ҳ򵥣Ҳѡ㲻Ҫ̫ҪȻᱻ֡ѵ
תתҲ֪˶·Ϊ̴·϶˵Ը̺ͳָС
˭һ·漲۶ȥʱһ͵޺дһģ
㶯˿ӰĿɨһʯڵѷ촦ǴѷʮСˡ
мȥͬʱҲͬʱ䵽ѷԡ˼Է΢΢һ㶣˻δڣԶĽŲʹͷһͬʱѷȥ
ѷʮСֻһ˵Ŀռ䣬ȴļȥȥ֮ٴŭ֮㵽˭ڽظʲôȥҪȻ
ĪԱˣ΢΢һĪԣһﱻ֣ԼҲ㡣
ǰݷڵһλϣϣǰܸ跽㡣ĪԵȻ˿ûΣ̴㵣Թе˼Է˵վԭû뿪
쵰̵һ䣬ȴʮΣԷվͲҳȥ
̵Ļ³ȴϣܰһ磬ŴԼĴʱˣȫһֻһ˿ռѷ죬ʱȴˣ֪Ķܸоϴһ
㿴ǰŮӣ˽ߣܿ̾׵ļǲĽëܿһ
̼㶢ȻҲһĻüͷ壬ɫŷ졣̱ţ߸ĽëʱʱĲһ£׼ʮֵģף΢΢͸Щɫ˫ˮͬĨһ㱡㿴ţǺܡ
׼̱㿴Щķңҧӣ촽ȵĵĽ߹ϣżߣЩȻת¶ŮеĽߵ̬
̣ͬЩ̣Ů˽磬ǳһ㣬͸ģ㣬㶼ܸоӵеһջõĪĻЩ̡
ȻҲܵı仯Ȼ٣ѹͣ׼˼롣
ԩˣһĻŮԼҪǻܲ룬ԼǾǧˡοľǧ߲꣬Ů
оĺЩ٣գɫ̣ȴⲻ滹ˣҳȥǴʱ˵ѹ͡
ܵ壬һЩӦ̲ס˶
̼Ȼһ£д󾪣ɫ죺
㾪ȣ̣û뵽ôȻֱӵʳôһ仰ͻȻԼ̫ģɫЩ죬¶ɬ˵ͷ˵룡
̵㣬ӽ㣬̫
룡شŮ̫ˣԼشˣȻҪһ飬ⲻǳջԼ㷢֣Լǲܿơ
ɡ̸һ䣬ϾͷӦɫʱͬзһ͸ˡǰ쵰͸ˡԴʲô
̿꣬һŬƽϢеȴþòƽϢ
룡쵰з̰㣬ȴ
ܿ죬̾͸оı仯оĳԼӸǷſھȻ̲סҪг
Է죬һҲ˲ô࣬סӣС죬ĸо˲䴫
̱ס˳׵ѣԺһƬ磬ʲô˼һ̶ʧһɶ
̴;Ȼܣʵôֱӵһ䡰롮ɡ𣿡;һȣȻ鲻Խİͷȥ
ʱ㣬Ѿ쵲̲
һԺ֪ʲôֻоỬĶԼУԺģоŵѣƵġ


393 ʯ
ỬĸоЩֲ˼񣬲ϵ̽ȥڶݵѣڻָһЩǣջĶʲô˹̵ɫ糺죬Խ޶ˡ
˽ţرǸо¶ĵط巢΢΢ŤͷҪܿǡֻռôҪܿ
ҲǸо̵Ķɿ˫ˮתŭѹȻĵһ˵ûӣոҪǽгǶꡣ
ҡһ㶣û뵽ȷ쭣׼˵ʲôȴֱϡ
ʲô㣿֪֪Ϊ˲㷢ǶûˡҰ
⡭
ʲô˵仹ˣʲôңѹҴˡѹ˶˵شԣͷʶ̣㶼ռˡȣҺҴ
쵰
ɶ㻹ңίԼĳû˲˵Ů˻ѹⲻǳ۸ɶǣȻԼֱӵջôܶһδء
ãŮ̫ˣ
ҧгݣҲ̲סſھļϺݺݵҧһڹȥû飬ܲ޳ܵļһĳǣԼĳǺòãУոͷԼˣԼõشôˣѹ㻹Թǲǣ
̴ûйԹҧ򲻷šоһĵʹȴòšҧŲţ̶˵ҧңҿҧˡ
ŵɿ죬㵹ı飬¶һ˿⣺쵰ռұˡ
ֱֱּĶһЩ־壬ڵҪʲô׶༪١̵̾
ŮˣһУҲŲ㵱
룡˵
ԭ˵仰ͺˣشͲһܵ㶢λãɫ糺һۣһ۽޶ˣα
̵仰һ˵˵αˣʵСɾǰ׽еģ˵ҪңҲǻش롣
ޣ̷˷ۣ㣬оһ˼
ûߣ㡣
һȻ̼ȥ컹ֻźϣϣ𣿡
ٵȵȣ˵ô۸˼ˣ
ޣϣûһѵûĻ벻롣ô˵۸ءϣҪƾİź˵
湻ƾĵġǿ³һ仰
Ȼ˵Ȼĵ˲ˣǰҾû·ү·СѳԵǳԲʳ
Ȼ˵ʲôҲ֪˵Ĳкû
ˣٸһ֮ͻȻ˵
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ĻŸո˵꣬̾ʹиϽܸоӿǰɨֻŮ˶ô죬Щ߷߲ƽҪȳģҲӦԼ˺˰
ɨһۣӰǰȥ˵ûп㡣
ԸɾĨ죬ŮС
ǵӰʧϻ㣬Ҳٵǰ漲۶ȥ
û̴·ֻܽϡкϰٶҲֻ˼ĪǼһﵽȥˡ˵һ仰󣬾ҲûϢ֪ڸ
շתͣڵһطһŲٵĴţŶǺģʮֿһʮš
ϣߣʵ
һʮȥ
ϵĻʮУʮţǰǾ޴ʯڣʯŽֻ̰档
ȥסЩֻ棬ܼ¶پͿıˡ˵֮ʯϵġ˵ÿһһԼԣʯµֻ⣬ȴû¾ʽ⣬Ϳ츳ˡ
⣿һ㶣ĹľĹ̸ģѾ൱ǿĴˡرǣԷֻǰѽǽڣܰϣ׵˵Ŀֲ
Ҳ˵ѵÿһģɻʵ
ǣǺԼʯڵĸȻдɵġȻһ鼮֮ȱѪȴԭʼġԭʼľЩʯڡ˵ҪǾͿõģȻҪˣǾֻܹԼ
˵ͷʯڣĿ⿴Щʯڡĸоһɹɵƴʯɢ㶢ЩֺͼԺŬļסЩͼ֡ͬʱҲϵĸо
ʯֻ֮һ֡аʯҪȥԣʱ䲻ԣѵ
˵ͷǳСʱдܽһӰ㿴Ӱ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ٴκۡ
̼ͬһ㶣ŹֵĿһۣطԼʦģϸôû뵽ģ졣ңѡǵʮš
ȽһҲнģȺĻп߻ħģȻ˽ĺ
̺һۣϾջĿٴתƵǰʯϣǵʱ䲢ԣҪĿǹۿʯڡ
ĹۿʯڣԺмЩͼ֣ʯɢϢûãϾʹߴٵһվ
Цʲôû֣
˵ȥһվ
ֻεӦӰһŶȥڵڶʯǰûãҲһʯĿתǣ˾ܿĳ񣬵ȴ᲻һ˿һĶ̾ͷۡǵô
ЩԹ˵һ㶼ȷʵЩЩͺáȲô࣬һʯڣһЩ
仰ƣ벻ӦðԼôߡûʲôҴӺ仰ĳԼǿˡãûȺϲ
̿˵ڶʯһ֮ŵ˹ȥȻʯٴһδ˼ȴʯڵͼֶӡԺСЩʱ򣬰Եͷ
ʯǰҲûжãһ㵽˵ĵʯڣһоֻ˿оôҲץסֻʧѡ



394 ֮
ʯڣʯڣֱڰ˵ʯڣֶһȻҲŬļסʯڵͼ֡Ȼһĸоָֻоһץס
ڿڰ˵ʯڣھŵʯڵʱЩΡһΣ˵İˣ֮ʺԼ
һﵽھŵʯǰԵʯڲͬǣڵھŵʯǰֻһӡʯ֮Уȥͬᴩⲻ֪ȵʯƵġ㶢ɽеֱ鲻ԽĵϾͷӦסӰż𺳶
ӡУ͵ע¾η壬ôֲ
㶢ܿ͸оԼ˶ʶɽȥ񱻽ɵһ˲䣬оͻȻһɽ룬ԼܣһƵɽ壬Щɽͬ͵ͬıƵģͬգᴩء
Щɽ֮䣬ܸоЩɽɵĽ⡣עЩᴩյɽʱЩɽͻȻʼڱ֮䣬ɽ۶ϣһա
նʱһ¡¡Щɽһ㣬ŰɣճױɽܸǣɵϢ鲼ء
м䣬ֻܿɽ弤䣬ɽͬĪԸĹ켣ڿռ伤䲻㶢𺳵һĻģЩ趯֮ƳԺ֮С
Ž趯£һֹɣԭֻɽ彣㣬ʱһľٶ
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㰵ֺϵͬʱȴ˵ǸŮҲѣҪСҪȻǵõ֮ҲֻǶ֣ԲԼķ񡣡
һ仰һ㶣ոԼɽ彣趯Ҫ趯ȥȻõľɽ彣趯һס뵽⣬ǰ̵ļ
һģ˲侪ѹִ۵ļϣͷһż־źȵɡʲô
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㾪̣Ҳûмٺ˵ʲôӰٵպϵķԸһŶȥ
̼ˣ΢΢һ̲֮סһ쵰Һò׽־֮УȻѡ
̺޵ֱҧȴ޿κΣٶʯڣѾʲôˡֻܸ㣬һȥ
ŵʱ򣬺СһЩŵʯڣΪߴһ߻ħĿܣûšǵʮͬڵλã˰ء
仰˵ͷӼСȥ
̸󣬼ǰߣɻһϤΪǸʦ˲ʱоһжĹ졣
һűһͨںϵ£㻨˲ʱ䣬ŽǰڿӰǰӰϽס̣Сĵѵˣ
סݺݵĵһ㣬һո㾪ͺ޵Ĳˡ֣һСԼȻҲ
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ǰƶҺͨתŤ߲ܿÿһŻС֮ͨУŲٵЩкϵİҪȻƾʵĺѽСɭϵûа롣
Ȼ˦֣ȴĸ󣬼ӰϵܿһҲ쳣̿ЩҪԼĻͱˡǣȴÿζȵǣܱܿĸ֪޷ġյʵ̸ǻ㱣֪㵽Ǻεʵ
һ·ƽڵһλãǰŴԼǧֱĶѨѨͷȥġ
ȥĿĵءͻȻ˵
Ҫεֹһһڵλãȥ
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ȥʱ򣬽ңʮٶȴûƣƬ̾ϣҵЩʹʱ̵ֻ֫ͬʱ䡣
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ſҡ̺һŤĥ㰵泩ߵɫ糺ǣһȻôҪͣ㡭
࣬ҲҶ㻳С
ͣոպ˵
̾ûٻȥˣ쵰Ȼô֪ˣΪʲôù顣
쵰̲סһ㡣
㻹û˵ʲô¾Ͳȵ˵ϣڵϵ̣Ͻƿ㣬㱣һľ롣
ˣʼûϵڵŮåгԸɾĨ졣Ҳģ
뿪䣬Ǹոſڡȴ̺ףһﶷ죬ʮа˾ġ
һĿתǰ棬ȻǺҹǵȴڡǰһ޼ʵһƬһۿȥЩǽ۶ɵģۣһ
Щ㶣ĵҲ𺳡
ǽƷľڣ黯һƬռ䣬нռ֮УȥոտŵʯڣдԼ֮ȻƬռĽͬԴдáһҲûкܴһ
˵ͷǰƽ콣Ŀռ䣬뻹̤ǰ˹ȥ㻹ûߵУ͸оɢ⣬ɽĵ׾֪ĵطǲֵܵס
ȻˣȻûк˵ĵһҧ漤ȥ


395 ֮
һУԭյʼʼƽĿռͬӿ㣬ƽĿռ俪ʼڹӿ۶ɵڿռŰ
Ĵ䣬ռ䳹ױĽǣЩͬڿռ伤䲻ѡ
ŰĿռ䣬ӰٵܿһңȻˣǺ͵еĵвͬңεĴҪģȻ֮Ҳʩչңһ־衣ǣⲻǳġǷҡֱϾľ磬㻹Զ
Ҳ⣬Ͼңκ͵ͬڵĵû⣬ֻҪʩչСңȴԼ⣬ⲻǿоȫյģҺ϶Ľ⣬ҲңӦҲһÿ˶ԼңеңֻǴйңıʣԼ߳
̿ųеӰȻŰĿֲǸӰȴÿÿܿ˽£Ȼǰңڣͥһ̿Щ㶣ֱֱĶųеǸӰò˼顣
㵱Ȼ֪ʲôң̤ţŽŰѹʮԣ̶ʱʹﵽ̤ѩ޺۵ľ硣
̿һ֮ſռ䱩ĽҲȥȻûһͲȫֻܿʩչһЩܿ˵Ľ
һ𣬼һɹɾЩĳ֣ǽĿռ䱩һƬƬռĽļ䡣
ʱҲû˼ٹע㣬һ˼ӦЩͬʱԺҲЩ꽣Ĺʯͼ콣Ŀռ䣬ʱٻЩͼʱһЩ
еıԽԽ뿪ŰԽԽڿռ䵽ŽʹңΣҲЩֵסˡңΣȻĲڿռ䲻ϵ֡
ŰԽԽֲԽԽǿĽЩܲ͸ĸоʱңڲãһֱ۶һǳǳѪ
㣡ȴȰ֮㻹Ҫý壬û̫ʱϵʲôط
ȻЩʧĺõطҲ֪˵ңε˼ŵĽϣͬʱһϯֵЩ
ͬеһ⣬ɵĸоɣֻУָо಻ײУŰĿ񱩡
̲ϵſռƽע⵽̣ȴڽӡʩչһʱʱҲðһ
һ㶣û뵽Ů츳ôߣʱʩչһЩ֮
һԺҲתʯϿһͼԺлͼûңӵһڰ˸ѭתһʯϵͼԺתԺлһͼ˷ͼΪһ壬ͼֵǼ䣬ԺȻֵھŵʯϳֵǵһ缤䵽һͼСʱͼ͵Ĵ
ֻоһƴͼб鲻ԽĽӡڽӡͬʱһ伤֮УѿռһƬŰĽ飬һƬռŸӿĽƲ䡣
䡭䡭
ʱʱŽһЩоԽʩչԽ˳֡
̲룬оԽԽֲĽʱһ侪һ𣺡㣡̣
̶ȻȥȴĪǵǰ棬һ
̶һۣ˶Էеľȡû뵽ĪԱֺ󣬾Ȼܽ档Ҹո۵֤õ֮
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֪ңû뵽ǵǺñ£Ȼûб֡ĪԶЦ
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ȻĪЦȻܡһõطϴκһսûоԣһΣ
㶢Īԣеһ䣬ϴκòƭ㣬һɵӲء
ôֲǲȱģͱ֮ΣҪ˭ΪǿĪԶ˵
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仰üͷ˵ȻˣǾͱһ֮
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㣬ȴ˼ƣӡӡ£һָ׵粢ۣӿ벻ٺһ˿
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Īֹ治̾һӰһܿ䡣ովλãŤһƬĽĪ׾ٵĽ顣
ֻһƤëѡĪԼܿҲΪ⣬еһһ˷ΧȥĪԱĽռĽҪǿĶ࣬Ҫ汻䵽ϣ϶Ҫһۡ
Ժеһͼ֮УҲһԺת֮䣬ӡܵ۶ɨָһ޴Ľ͵ըѿһŹĽӭȥ
ĽɣɽƵģִżº͡

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Ҿֲ֪ʧġĪԶЦִС
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۵Ҳɨںɨ֮䣬Ľ£İһ۶ɵɽ壬ɽֱһɵϢɢ𵴵Ŀռ䷺
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ЩͬʱӰٵ˵ĹͬʱԺвʯм龰ɽɨ䣬಻ء
һԺвתӡҲϵĽ֮䣬ԭĿŰĽʱȻйɵĻߡͬʱĽ£һεض𣬲أΧضǽɵɽ壬ļµɡ
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׼˵֤ԼΰʱȴһҲĺһĵܱǸҲûӮ

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̶ʱԼôˣʲôʱҵˣ
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ʲôܹϵ̵۶㣬кƴ˵˼ֻĿɨʱɫ̲סʯеһĻԺ֮С
˵ûУܻĵ̡
̼Ҫߵ̬׼˵ʲôջǲҿڡҪǼŭһǼ˵ȥˣԼ
Ī˵Ļ΢΢һ㶣֪ʲôܹϵ̺ı飬ǾùŹ֡𵱳ҲΪѵԵʣĪԶʱ˹ϵȷʵͬѰ
̼ĪﻹʲôƫƫͶûͣһۣͷŤһҲ˵ʲô
кȻһЦһʰһŮ˲ɡϾջˣ֮ȻûдɣˣľҪԺԼˡӸոյֲ֮֮ԺԵУҲûгֵ
㲻뵽һĿģýԼ壬Ҫܲƾ轣۳һĲʦ֮Ҫǣ۳֮һġ


396 
ĪԿȥ㣬Ҳ˹ȥȻ۶ȥһ·֮ϣ˲ʩչ֮֮ҲϵͳҲ츳ߵˣʩչԽԽӦ֣
㣬Ĺɽڣ塣ϵԺ
˵ͷܷĽȷʵһҪֻףвҪĶࡣ
۶͸䣬лȻʶޱȵ֮Сµһ֮ȫ۳ɻΪ״ƻ䣬ֳƻ֮Уֱ컪ػ˻һֳһ֮ڵ㣬δ۳һýЩΪû˵
ܽЩ۳һ֮𣿡źϡ
㲻ܿڵҪȻ۳ֻʱ⡣ǣֻǵɢ껹в룬ܾܲͿ컯ˡ˵ͨﵽ֮ȹ綼ҪѲʱ䡣ڸոմﵽ֮ȹףҪǵ׵Ч
˵⣬϶˶˵԰ɣһֱͱ˲ͬҪ۳һҪѾ˼Ĺҿ͸Ҫǣط׭쳣һҪɡ
ͷӿƿ֮ʼǣһĽ塣Ҫû֮ôڣȴСĵĳԡ

֮Уʱҽе໽һһڸǰʹ塣
ס񣡡϶ȵתɽ֮Ҳкô
ϽպϵĻתŵһڽɵ˲䣬ɹɻԵºͣɵϢУܵһɹϢӡͬϱ任
ӡ任֮䣬һɹɺܵϢͬĽϵĸֳ
ĪԺ̶㣬оͻȻͻȻְԵ쳣˸оºŵͬһ㣬ĪԵ֮䣬ɱ¾֮֮ĸоϲϵ֡
˿ȻŹɹɽһ֮Ҳ̲סҲʼɽ塣

һĹвϴоܵͬʱҲԽԽ֮УЩǴдľ
һ˿˿ľ֮ʼͷ۶ȥͷʼ۶Ƶġ
ϵĽڣΪԵʣȻЩĥȴǿƣܸܵԼڲϵС
ĪԺŽֻһЩŤתͷ㣬̺ͬˮһģǸо˼顣
˶ĽӿУܵˣԼˣôһСһСɵĶоۡ
ôһСɣ˶õĪĺôڽ֮Уһ⣬֮˵Щǵ֮Сɡ
ʱǸոŶѣҪ̶ܶʱСɵĻһ˾ͲǰˡϾ˵ƾ֮ɾͺպ
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һ㶵ĿŻĿⶢŻֱ۵ѪҺĵطдŲźʹ㵡һۣ벻ͨΪʲô˭֪϶йء
ôһսǲʤˡ۾ŻЦĺܲãͬһСƵġ
ôģ㣬ͬոһϮҪӦĿ죬ǵ̴ؿڡŵǣϢԱȽȻ෴ȷʵºȻҲǻûϵԵʡ뵽һܱɽˣȴʩչºȻĽ
ҵרҪתͺε֮ѣرȥˣ˭ͬʱнȻ෴Ľһҹ֮䣬յֶĽ
㿴ŻҲֻͣʵֻʣǲʤˡ
дпϧһܱܿʩչºȻĽΪ͵ϮġϾĽܽӽϧ֮־ѵһ𣬻Сֶξɱˣռ˾Ͳˡ
Ķ㣬ɫʮѿȻǺأǴԼһҲպȴһСŵĹˡҪǴȥûˣ
˶ἥЦ֮ǲڵ̫һ͵ѧһҹˣͰǵһˣ֮лǹˣ
˵ռС˶ѣѵΪʤ˲ɣ
һ仰̺ĪԶ̲סӡոճԸҲͰˣϾȴ͵ѧǵ֮ǣڰˣȻϡѪ˶ʤѵҪɱʤ
Цڻ治ҪƤҶΪ졣ûУģΪǡ
һ仰˿Ƥ￴һ˿糺ĸо˵Ҳ̫ûʵˡ
һҲ˵ʲôָһӣУһƽߵͬȴһͼʿרñ
ĪԵɫʮֹŹ֣ϼһȻ붯ˣҲ˼
ϷþûжˣҪܽʮУҾ䡣˵ҵ
һ仰ɫһ䣬ɴ۾ĿŻ治ҪֵزԸԼ
̲סôֲȻĵҪͼڣ㵹ǻһսǣʱʲô֣ʵǷı
׼ƿڴʱһЦ𣺡ڵĺ󱲣ԽԽˡ㶯ǲǴܶʥ
һ仰洫Ϊ֮һ㶣֪ʱ˭Ϊͷ


401 ̸ɫ
仰Ŀⶼתķȴһˡֻ˵Ŀȴ˶һʥǴ˵еĶ
װŪ˾ȻǶЦŭȵ
ǺǣҵǿԳڳܲۡҪ㣬Ϸ⼸ߡеĲмζʮ㡣
¿δ̫ˡڵĵ̡һ˵
Ҫ˻ڣҵǹ˼ɼֻ֡ʱڣһ濴ۡҪµľƷأڴ½ˡЦ
һ仰ɫʮѿǵ۵ȻˣǸΪβͷ¶β
ЦҲգȻִҪңֻϣȵ㲻Ҫڡ
仰ո£ֻһӰӴռһ˲䵽ߡٶȣΪ֮һرǻüͷš
㶨۴ǰӣӳ˧ʮӢʮͿģʹʮ꣬ʢ͡ȻֻǴģϾפҲʲô¡
Ӽ΢΢ЦЦЦʮֺƣҴǲҶһֺë
㵣ԺɨԺȴû˵Ӱӣ㵲ѣӵΪʲôҪԼ
˭ǰӣ
˭ûҪֻ֪Ҫһ顣ǾҪߣ㲻ҲסӶŻ˵
ЦЦ㵱һĹڣ
ν˵ûϵң˵ҳڵġոڵ㲻Ҷʿ˲ҶƫƫҶ㲻۸ûк̨Ҹ㣬Ҳǲܶġ
Ϸ򡭡׼˵ʲôȴץ˹󾪣ӰٵҪܿ
ûõģҪԸ𣬸Ҫʲô˵ֱ꣬һӣռȻʼһɹŻӿȥܵĿռ˲ͱᡣ
űĿռ䣬󾪣ڵʹ£һȭݺݵǰ˹ȥԺյһȭȴ˿κβڵĿռ䡣һȭȥһû𣬷ϣĻȻѡ
ܣд󾪣ɴ۾Ŀӣ˴ôܻͻȻѵΪСӣ
ûʲôܵģû˵ķϣֻҪһֱۡ˵꣬ӿһ˲͵˻ߣץոպռֱϡ
飡һһӰٵļ۶
ǣӲûΪĻֹͣһֱıһҽ֮£ѪҺٴλصߣеֱһա
˿һĻһ㶵ĿӣоʲôʵһĴڣ׾ٵıֱֶۡκʵֲĺ̨
Ҳ㶵Ŀӣû뵽Էôڵĵ̡
ϹһߣŻѪֹļָĵ㶯ԷֹסѪŻһڵ˵ѻŵȥ
ǣһڵӱϹϾû뵽Ӱѳչص
ߣ˵µʵԸһѵö𣿡
ЦһĻԸһ껹Ҳö𣿡
仰תͷ㣬漴˵͵֮ôڵ飿
ΪΪ۸ΪʲôŮ޳أҲû𣿡ӲΪȻ˵ܱǸĸǣǿˣͬ۸
㶢ӣ׶ԷΪʲôά
ӣʵʸ¸մ
ҡҡͷͬûʸ֪
ٺõʱɫ˱䣬֮һ˵ȻǿҲ
ҪܶԸңԡ˿ΪȻ˵֮Ӷ˶٣һ㣬˵ңұ֤ٳ֡ӽ쿪ʼھʹ˳µľƷҲסǡ
ƾ㣿ûܹ˵衣
˵ʵƾʵϾƷҪѡǣҲ𡣲˲𡣡Цοܱ֤Ҿû
һ仰ɫ˱䡣仰˼ԣ˼˵һ֮ܿں;ƷϡҪǼĵĻڸǶ֡Ҫǣ仰¶˼ǣиӿֲĴڡ
Сӵʲôݣıôֲ㣬㱻ҲĪҲ֪㿴ƨá
ôҿԴ𣿡ӿ
ŶԷԷǳöԷߣθԸ
ڶԷɫЦЦҲ˵Ӱ䵽ڵǰӻв֪ȡʲôڲǰһ
ֻǿһۣ۾͵ɵϴһ˫۾ֱֱĶӣдžֺͲš
ҿ𣿡ӶŶԷЦɫº͡
Ͻ֣Ų㣡
˿ˣһͲѣ뵽ʲôµ˵زǳԽĴڡοžƷʵҪǡ
ӼˣҲ˵ʲôתͷ˵߰ɣ
仰üͷ֪һʲôͷȻһ֮ˣǺڲĶʲôøոջɫ˾֡
̤׼뿪һ뻹̤ȥôȳ˵οԼʵ˼ǰҪԼʶ㣬֪ʲô
ӸոһҲһݽɫһԲͻҪ֡
Էˣһĵȴ²ѡ֪ôٴγ䣿
̾һҲЩǸΣʮǧܴġû뵽һ꣬ǡ
̺Īһ˵Ƕ߰ɡڽھǰǱˣֻó˵ĻӶѡ
̺Īһ㶣֪㣬ֻû뵽˵Ƕһ֮󣬶˵ˣ
뿪תͷ򽣹˵һĽᣬһЩѪҺԽԽǰˡ
ǣӵ˵㣬뻹˵ʲôôֲ
ɫ䣬һ˵˽ġ鵱ûпԺ˭Ҳᡣ
һ仰ýӵ˸ǿ־쳣û뵽ԼȻ̸ɫ䡣Ǿôֲ
Ҫ׽ʲôȻ̾һǻǾǱҲ˿


402 ѡ
󣬲ԶҡȻܾȻֵܱôãٶȲϱãȴĵԶҡ
ڼһβϾ֮ͣն˵ʲô
ңΣ⵹ûΣϹŻĴͨµģû˵
ңΣüͷԺ˼һǵò˦˦ͷЦ԰ʵҲԶǼ򵥵ݡ
ϴһְҪ˦ҲѣϾʵԶԶǱȴ㡣
Ӷ㣬û뵽˵ʱô֪˵ңαǺֵýġ
ϣԺ㻹İЦЦҲ˵ʲô
֪ǰк£㶢˵ĪİһѣѵԼƷôãﶼԼ
û£ӶЦ
ɻʵǰʶˣ
Ȼ֪֪ڣȴ벻˭ܺǿн
Ҳʶֻʶ㣡Ц
㵣˵ûǰ
Ǻǣⶼ⣡ӻش
ŹֵĿʵǰŮ
ɻĿһ۵ûУ
ǰҵŮʵ
ҲûУ
ǺǰõŮɰʵס
ҲûУӻش
͸ɻˣȻûУǰΪʲôң
ҰûŮйϵ𣿡ɻ󲻽⡣
˵Ȼйϵô㣬˼˰˧췭ظҪŮĻȻҪΪŮŮȻܽΪʲôˡƫƫûŮҾͲΪʲôˡ
Щ΢΢鴤һ£һƳ˹ȥŬƽϢһ˵ģŮҲ޸㡣һӣ
һ仰ЩûҪǹ˼ɶԷʵ㶼߼Źȥǰ˵ЦˣǸҲɫҿǰͲҪˡ
ըˣת׼ߣ˼סŲתͷ˵ģҶҲɫ
仰һǸǰӦòɫɣ
ãӼҧгݵ˵
ǰʲô㲻ˣǱԼɫջΪԼ۶һֱ
ֻһ仰ƽϢһ˼̲סʵ
ʲôɻʵ
Ӷ˵Ϊһѡϣܸҡ
ûеĴѡƨ°⻰ĵ˵˵Ҳˣ滹Ǻܹ˵ǰ˵
룬ȵѡǣ
ǣԷƺʲôƵġ˵ҪѡҪÿһӣҾɱ㡣㲻ҵʵɣ
ǺǣȻᣡΣģ
һѡ񣺱һӣĶӴӳܼ̳ľλӴʳǣáֻΪԵʣһĿܣһֻ˵⣬Ӷ˶˵ڶѡûм̳λһĿܡǣ·쳣ࡣΪûԵʣһλòҪ㣬ѡһ֣
Ҳ룬ϻشȻǵһˣ˯˯˳ԣû´һȺȥϷһҸŮǶôҸ顣
һش𡣡Ӻ
Һ氡㶢˵ˬ
ӿ˵Ҫٸ㣬Ҳһɲأǰһһ̾ͱʰأңȥϷҸŮҲģհǰ˺أ
ǹƨϷһҸŮҪհǰ˺󣬻ƨɶûУҲ̫˰ɣ
ѡһأʵ
Ҫһʼͼβˡ㲻˵ƨСطСԵϷһ´ûй˼ɡ
ӿ˵ҪȻкܶ˼ɣ븻˵ңΪҪԸҲô׵顣
ˣС𣿹˼Ź˼ǵģҪæӦЩˣ۰ʱϷҸŮҿ͵͵ȥһСϷ´Ĵ˼˵һ糤Сȴ׷ԼΪ
Ӵ㵣˦˦ͷ˵ȷѡڶ֣
˵Ȼѡڶ֣
ӿһ֮˵Ǿ͵ڶְɡ
㿴ʵ׼ѡʲô
Ҿǲ֪㡣ЦЦǳССаʵʱϴˣӦ׷ߵġ
ͷ˵һᳯųġ
Ӻһ䣬ѾĿ԰ĿŵĸԶһЩôͿϵˣ
Ҳ˵ʲôӰٵƬ֮ʧС
Է뿪΢΢üͷӵʲôܹôһ⣿ǲ̫Цˣ
̫ˡһ䡣
ָУź˵ϣһֲܿӡУո㻰ôش𣿡
˵˺ǿҲػᱻ֡ʲôڻסڴ½Ǽ򵥼һ˵ģԺԶһ㡣
ɻʵ
ڻǲҪ֪ĺá˵ˣ˻Һﵽһ֮ҪȻûͼߣҪöҪʱ䡣
ЦЦһνûдﵽޡϴﵽһ֮ò̫ġûͼߣָҲ̫ѡϾһҽʿ

ΪԼ˵ʱȴһӵߣߵ쳣ӣ΢΢ЦЦ˵ˣˣ
ˣһֵļһЦ̫޳ˣҺ
𣿡ЦЦ˵ôش𣿡
˵ѡڶ֡
ڶ֣΢΢һ㶣漴Цѡڶ֣
ţҷʹ
ӳĬˣ漴֮һڵأ
ҿɡЦĴ£ҿɲ⿪ڡ
ǰѡһ޻ͷˡһ
Ҳ򵥣ССʹﵽ𡣶һܲ򵥣һûңΡ˵
仰΢΢һ㶣漴ɴ۾Ķʵ˵ʲôңΣ
ǰô˵ģôˣӺɻʵûǰɫˡӡУǷƵġ
һ˵ңΣϹʥһλֵ޳ҡ
ʲô𺳡
ǺǣǾ͵ڶѡɡ£ԺǾٹעˡ˾ġ


403 ҴС
ûͼԱߣƻָǻ˼ʱ䣬ź߰˰ˡ쳣Ļͼƾͼ΢ƣǰʱ䶼þܳ׻ָ
ָ֮һ֪۹Ǻ׳֮㰵զ࣬Ŀռ׵湻Զġ뵽׳ǣ㲻ǸɢһաҲ֪ǸŮôˣ
һ·ȥû߶ȴһסǰŮ欣ęɢ͸ջ㿴ŮˣҪ㿪ɽҰģŮҪǶԼǿô죿
վסŭˣһʲô飬ôèƵġԼ˺Ҫӣƫƫߡ
ǸС㣬㲻Ҫòãһһ׵໨լС鰡㶼ˡ
̿㣬Ļ֪ҪǴĻ˵
Ҫص۹̿˵
ţ˵ͷܾĿ˵㲻Ҫһؼ֮ǰͰҸ
쵰һ䣬׼ŭ˵Щʲô뵽ʲôƵģչһЦ˵һ׳ǣҾͲʲôҪҾĳԸɾĨ졣
ƶƣ䲻ΪвߵġȻ˵б£Ͷǿˡ
ãʱſƵģݺݵ˵ǿ֮һǰĶ
˵Ще飬̻̲סһ£ֻһţϾͻָ˶ݺݵı飬̿ףһ˵ƤҪԴ
۾ɵϴȻŵˣŮʲôʱôˡһ뵽Ѫܵģ̲סһҪˣԼҸô죿ôһ׷׷󶼰ˣˡ
ǸҾ黹Ǵӳĺáˣո˵ʲôȥ׳ǡҾðɣһⶼûСȥ׳ҾǣҲȥ˵һ
㲻䲻𣿡̾ͷֿʼһˡ
ʲôʱ˵仰ˣ˵ҼǵҴû˵ɣʸڷϣ϶Ǵˡ
һѹһͷĵҲ΢΢ЩɡǸΪϲʦ֪ȥˡҲʵҲ
ܲ³̺ͬвҪڣϾŮ̫Ļ󣬴עĲ١Ȼͬúܶ˶˼
һ·Уʱʱĵ٩һ̶̡Ҫˣһһ·ͬʱʱȷġ쵰һδ꣬ȫһõ֡㣬̾ΧߵЩӵҪǿЩˣôȵ֣
̺ȻöȤʵͲ˵ˣıҲܸӡأǵԼĶӡһֲ޷Ĵվ󣬶ⲻҪǣҪһĴڣʵȴҵһҶ
ϢҪǴڵĶУǻѣɡţ
̼ĿʱʱĴķęɨһ㣬ĵҲ֪áһͲһı֣󷽷˿㡣ֺε񣬷ǲ˷С
ҼҶ̶˵̲סٴʵ
ôҲѾߣҸ㣬ҪҪҵѾߣϽҪǱ˾ûʸˡ㲻֪ÿȥѾ߼ҶˣҪɸѡģһһϡûϵΪҵһҶ˵仰ߺ㻹ǿܽȥġ˵ҪеĻȥ
̿ЦѾҲҪ
ĵͷѵ㻹ţȥԣ
ߣҪȥҼҶҲøգ̺һ˵
գ㿪ʲôЦҶҵԸҪңûûƨɵѾߣԸԸҪ˵߷߲ƽ˵ҪǲţԼȥһ²֪ˡ
ûûƨ㻹һֱ̺޵ֱҧһ̫αˡ
̱Ļûץסһ¾ץסûûƨɣŮ˶һӣһ˵ǲƯʲôŵˡ
ΪҾ㲻̣ͦʲô취̡ͦã뵽һ취̾һֻýЧİ취˵ĸ
㣡ôȥЩѾϰߵķԷ仰̲ס࣬۶㣬޲ðԽȥ
ʼѵһƭ㲻ɣȱóȣŵĻҰԾǡ
Ťͷټ⣬˵ȥ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ǵôҵļҶΪęĿ˵
ûȤ̺һ˵
ȣϧˣһûᣬȻ֪ϧҡҡͷ˵ҲգѾҶǡ
Լʿ᳤ĹŵӣҵѾ߲񣬡Ī˵ڵңҵĴС㣬ҲѾߡ
ҴС㣿㵣дС𣿡
̹ŹֵĶ˵ҵļҶҴС㲻֪
˵ڨڨЦЦ治֪һֱΪǴүǶС㣬ڴСûô˵ҴС㻹ɣ
ҲǣҴСپ뿪ˣûж˼ǵˡҪǵǼ̫䶯Ҽλ˲˵ǴҶ֪˵
ʲô䶯飿ʵѵ˽ˣ
ٺ٣ҪҴС仰᲻ҡЦ
ЦҵһҶλòǰġҼˡ˵
ǿɲһ㲻֪ҴСĵλ֪ΪʲôһλүȫûоΨɱҲɱΪʲô𣿡ʵ
ûУӦصĸףҲ֣ȫûĻ֮ʵôܻȥ˴ܣʲôԭֻбãΪʲôûɱ
ֶԲԣΪģΪҴС㡣ûҶ˼ɡҶҵˡ˵
ʲôݣʵ
ҡҡͷֻ֪֪귢һ䶯׳ǵ顣ʲô֪֪ľǵЩݵˡʦһˣҲֻżȻʦ˵۹йУȻԺգȴǡ
û뵽һЦЦ˵֪ĻͦġѾ߰
ٴΰĿͶę˵Ļɫ̲ס


404 Դʧ
һ·ȻһЩС鷳̵ʵ׾پͽˡû̫ѽ鷳һﵽ׳֮ЩҪ鷳Ҳô򵥵ġ
һ·ϵİȴʮֲ·û鷳ҪҲ˼
޾ɵĽ׳֮УصϤĳǳأҪٵǰҲ֪ЩʲôȻһͬǰ㲻Ѿȥʲô
ĲԼӿ࣬ɻѣһļһʱôôˡ
Ҫϵʱһ侪ֱĳüִż־ȣֱͦεĻ쳣۵ȥҧһڣԲ°ͣۻµúܣپ£޳ͦΣҲŮ˵ģˣֻǹϢϲĵ
ôˣѾȵĿ㣬޵Ӷ㣬żȸԾϲ
һ㶣Ů˲ǺԼô¶ɫ˦˦ͷӦԼۻˡ
ôЦЦԼżֹµŮѾͦظ㵹ҪЦ䣬뻹ǴͷҪտҪؼҹ°塣
գѻشûĻشˣôͻȻͻˣղ˵ھЩֲ˼񣬲Ը𣿡
˵仰ʱѿֱЦ˫޵¶һɷ飬޺ഺϢʮˡ
ﻹŮûֻˡݺݵ˵ԼĻôɹŮ˶ԼˣŮǰηԼΪЫ
ɫЩ󣬺Ȼ̬ȡֱֱĿǰ꣬ŷһֱûзֵĶǷ䣬Ǵһ˿аȣͦΡȻ㲻Ϻ˧ֺѿ֡
ɫЩ糺죬ǰûͱӵʲôͬڿӣױ
Ҹ㲻뱨ҰɣĵЩŮںչϵУҪҪԼȫԽյ֡
ˣѰһۣҲŲģ
Ҳ֣ǰ˺޵Ҫ֮ȻһЩÿ춼룬֪ԼôΡû뵽ԵһжȻˣ˿ûεĸо
һĻĻúЦȤԺУ̲סеһĻʵ֮ҲˣֻԸ˵ֶΡǣĻϷѵǸϣ֡
˵ô˧𣿡˵ʲô鶼˧ΪƵġ
ЦЦҲһߵһۡŮ־֮УƯȫ͸ѩһˮüͷ壬֪ԼΪʲôüͷ
ͬѣӸոһĻȻЩСŮͬòŮٳ꣬ȻҲǷ绪ʹŮδ꣬ȴҲˡ
ǽһ£̣ѾߵģҲͬ⡣ѣСĺѡ˻Ů
С㣨С㣡ŮͬʱкֻŮĿת֮䣬ŵƵġ
㵹ǲ֣ƯŮ˼ƯŮˣʱȵģӺܶŮ϶õ֤
Ǹ棬ȽȥˡŮ˵һҲŸ֮ۡпٵȥ
Ů뿪˶һۣϾЦ뿪ıӰ̿Цϲ⻵Сӣ
ҡҡͷҶСͦϲġ
ŷӦ̲סЦ˵ôҶԭ־ǺǣΪ
˵ƣɫ˺죬ҡҡͷʸڷϵҿûжСҲϣѹ
ҡҡͷһСƨǻʲô
ôһ˵ѵǾԼЩ̫խˣȷʵô˵Ҳһ꣬˳Ůˣϲһꣿ
ǺǣЦЦ˵ôԺҪСĵɫĿɴš
仰ҡҡͷҲ˵ʲô֪ҡͷʲô˼ĿתҴţЩ
Ů˵ʱҵļҶҲ㣬ЩҶ㣬һ˷ܲѣ첽磬ˡ
ǺǣôӭһɣЦ
˵ЦˣǶͲأĽ̵һļҶϽ˵һڼҶϽͷ͡
˵ֱǼҶĴ档һССļҶΪ׳ǵĵһӣб־
磬ʲôʱ̵°ɣһڼҶ˵ֺ֮ɫ˵ͺܶŮ˶ϵǳҪѧһаʽ˵Ѿʲôģ㹴һҵĴҹ㶼пܡ
ǿ˵Ѻ׳ǻ¥Ļһ飬ûһܴѵġ
Ҫ֪ʲôȻѪʲôʱԼ׳ǻ¥ˣԼ׳ǵĻ¥ûȥɣѾ˭ɢҥԡ
㵱Ȼף׳ǵһʵ֮һͿʼķṦΰȻЩŲ٣괵ľͱˡ
һڼҶѾߴŹǲǱѾ߿ͣҲֽźܲĴѾߵĨֵһѾ֮ڵԺŰ˲١
˿Щҵһ£ֻ֬ζȥˡ
㣡ôˣؾȵĿ㣬żϲ
ոջģˣүǻСȥôôͻˣɻʵǵ뿪׳ǵǰãΪ׻غ׳ȥˣ⻹ոģʱ㻹ԴûǽԴĺá
ջûá˵ȥˣû뵽ͻˡЦȥȰȰ
ţʲôɻʵ
ЦСŮƢ˵ûһҶõõ˳ֵģԡ
仰ȻʧЦ˵ͷ˵үԴ𣿡
ҡҡͷͻȻ̾һһλȥûʹף˵Īʧˡ׵ʱȥҹ֮һȥȥҹǶûҵ
仰üͷĪʧˣ
صͷţķҵһдõšдģûд򿪿
˵꣬ذȡݸ㡣
ӹɻ˺ֻҺܺãǣңټ

ɻ󣬴ſԴԼ뿪ġֻûСȥ



405 
ȻɻԴȥţ֤ԴûΣգҲ˵һֻصֻغþûм㣬ץһֱţǰݣ
Ǹ
㣡㲻֪֮󣬶Ϊ֮ˡ
ҡ
оǣͬʱȥˣɽϻҲ
ܲܡ
԰ھֻӣں׳˵һ
ŭˣǰôûзһɮǱʣݵģòԼȥˡѾģ쵰ǲҹȥʱ⣬˭Ըһƨ
ǸǺ˵ˣոҽʱиѾ߿޿ġĺ˵
ʲôʵץȴţԭ׼ȥյģǼ꽭Դ֮Ͷں㲻ңƫƫҪ㲻ա
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ñ˻УָԼӣ㵵Ŀ˵
ô˻ϣүڲ˹İ࣬ںΪ顣ҧгݵĶأһƲģ
㶣ǳӷ硣Ա߶࣬˶ƵƵĿػȻд쵰Ȼҡ
㣬㡭
ʲô㣿ӽ쿪ʼҪ־롣벻үȻĵֵز˼Ů˵ĶӸˡ˼ȥ̥ô޳
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û㻹˵û˼СŮڿˣߣү벻㵽ʱڸģҾбҪү̸̸ˡ̾һɫһء
ʱΧ˼ҶˣΧŵļҶᡣҪǴȥҪ쵰ǵһõô
ҡ
ʲôңһүһ˵үԼú÷ʡȥɡߣ
һһ˦䣬·ģתߡ
ҶѾ߿֮󣬲զ࣬ҶֵˣԼүȳ⡣
ؿˣһ£ܹʲôûļҶЦõĶż˺ȳոյĻ˭˵ȥҪȻߣ
ԭû˵仰˻ŽɣϾһˡǣôһȳ⣬һʱ˰˳ɡҪȻҪûĻΪʲô鲻˵أ
һּҶȻô룬ȴ˵үոʲôû
ЩҶĻشؾýҲͲͨˣа޵ֱҧԺ˵ĻǧСۣ治ġ쵰ˮֶ̫޳ܱˡ
غ޲úݺݳԼƣԼôǵĻءⲻǳİ͹ȥ
ôܲ鴫ȥʱѾյĹ뷿һ¹뷿ûйؽȻһЦߵߣСİѴƿĹȥһ˽ȥ
Ӵոȥ̲סҽмڵϵ㣬¿˹ȥżϸϸ룬òĽϣۼʱоһ˻ǵĹͬʱһ͵𣺡СëȻҵС͵ԡ
ЦãȴòסյĹڵӿյĹȥͫǿȻ˵ֲ£ҲŪЩǱֱĹȻҲСӡ
ȵȣջҪϽ
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ڲ֣һһµϣ涼Ǳ룬мڽϡСİεпЦãԼʲô߽ǷӼѾģѵصƷôˣһѣǴˣ
һεŰĿתա䣬Ϊ˷ԳĳδˣС΢̵㴽ӯѩϸļȻԲ⻬ת֮ʹܶΣȻĶȻ˱̵ʹӰߣһѰϸеԵ֫סպ촽ݺݵҧ˹ȥ

յĻδ˵꣬ͱ㳹׵ķסͣ챻ȡζᣬȫʹ㱧š
ܸоϵȵĸоЩ̵ַ֣ͦęϣ쳣Ȼ㲻㣬ֻ֮УԽԹģѩ֮ϣոմյ͵һ͵ֹͣж㲻ԼֱҧһΡ
ڽӲһ֮Ż˫ֱ㣬ЩɬĻӦ
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仰û˵ѣյȻȲŵǱϾͻСзչ˿ռ䣬Ժ˵ŵ벻̫
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վƤ仰ࡣһ˵˵˵ȵһ㡣
仰ԼոյʹٴӿԺͷ¡
յЦȸԾĻ󣬽˳ԣãúõĴŲƫƫҪһΪǸ۵СëС͵벻
Ľ͵Ҳ
ңҿˡ˵⻰ʱòֵһ£ɫ󣬺ݺݵĵһۣѹֲˣͷߣЩۣҶ˵
˵ǲˡֻܵ˵ͷ§˵Ż˫۾ԭȻ˲١


406 һ԰
˵һͻȻ˵ҺһȥǺòã
㾪ȵĿգû뵽ͻȻ˵ôһ仰
ô㲻ԸⰡտ㣬ɫЩһֻۣ꣬ļҶˡ
Ը⣡֮ãԭ׼˵һȥǣ᲻áЩˣ᲻գ˳֮С
ģյһɨ⣬ȸԾ˵ĴȥǡҸ鷳
ٴλָഺȸԾģЦЦ鷳ȥǣֻҪʥʦǸģҰƨɡ
հһ۵ҲŲҾȥˣУҲС㣬Ҫҵġ
ȻЦ
㣺⻹ࡣȥǵ黹ٵȵȣȥһæ
ţɻգʲô
мӬԭǽҰæġǾȥӬǶǱġЦ
ʲôӬڻ˸ܾȣԼԴ׵鲻ֵ׳Ǻ䶯𣿻ӸҲ
˵ȥ˾ˣԭһ׼һȥģȥƻˡ
ȻնԼƻġ㶼֪㲻ˡ
˵һֽŵǲ֣ȻΪΪϰǶ㿪ˣ΢΢£ͱݺݵҧ۵ֱֻܴһ̵ͷ·Զ⣬Ὣ¶Ѿˣ»ضԶ
ȻҲôշ̫ãϾС㡣ԼһСҶҪǱ˿ĻвҪ鷳ң㻹ҧ˼һµģſ㲻øҶ֡
շżҶѾߣʵүûȥǸеŮ
Ҷ˵ʲôЩҶˣ̾һڵȣүΪ湻ûĵģǱϾѪˣȥȥɣҪ֤˼ʳǰ
ļҶոձغȳⲻ˵ȥļҶѾߣʱ̲סСĵ͸¶ֻ԰ģܿ죬ϢĴˡ
·ʲôûƵģżѾߵ飬ͼҶƨһһʱ󣬼ʱ࣬ϳȥѵס㵹ǲİһ·ߵʮֿ졣
ԼſڣЩżǻԽʱˣýհǼֻӬǣӦĺúõôûԼһȥɣ
ѻ̻̲ʱ򣬴ӽֵڵһ߳һӰӰ΢΢һ㶣û뵽
ߵǰ޾һ̵ͦظϸջ֫ʼİɣҲҶ˵ġȣҪ˵Ҳ˼˰Ϊʲôͻ᲻ϲأ
仰һЦ˳һЦ֮䣬⣬ģ
ûã˵Ҫ㰮Ҿ鷳ˣ⻵Ҳ̫ɹˡ
Ѽ˵ЩЦãôǰ룬ȴͦģڵĿϺɽ͵ϴĿĵġϣڻ㣡룬ĳ֣鷳ȷʵ˺ܶࡣԼҲ˲٣벻һ˾͸۸ˡ
ΪԵʣȷʵĹ˲٣ߵĲĲӬ˲١
뵽Ϊ⣬ѲɾúЦһȻǺɫåЩڿû˼
أʵҲı顣
ûش𣬶˵ȥˣ
һ㶣ϾͷӦ̣Ů˵һʣ˵ȥˣȥ˺׳ʿֹᡣ
˵˵ͷŻش˵С˵ˣвӬȥˡ˵ôˣ·϶᲻òĲӬͲ
Ѷ仰ֱӣղҲں׳ǣտɹöˣܰռɱ֪
ԣѼ㵽֪Ǽ˱ˣǼôĶ֡
߰ɣ˵ȥǼֻӬͲͣҪ̫͵Ļɱ;ߡ
ЦЦû˵ǴΣ
һЦ㲢УԵʮܣŵɢܰζ̲סתͷһ۽ߵѣѰĲ˳һ̽뷨ֻˣ޵ҪѾģѾ˭·ӦץȥУ٣չǣ
ں׳ôɧ㣿ѣԼֳôһĻӦûм˸Ѱ
Ѽ룬ǲ֪ʲôЩϰߵĸо΢΢Զһش㶼뿪ôˣϲ˭֪Ǽ飬ԡ
ô˵ŵ˵ͷϾһ𶯶ں׳ϲ²˷ǲ֪ˣż˵Ҳ֪ǳԴ׾ˡ
˿ѻһСŮһЩݵˣǻȥ鷳ѹҪˡں׳ǵͷǱˡ
ʲôСݶû͸ˣЦ˵԰سΪ׳ǵһôȥ
Ļһ۵ΪСܺнѵԵ޹ܹȥҰҿ顣
ЦЦѵĻҲе԰ػûϤֵز
ЩӵܣҪ竵ȥԸԭʰǡѿЦ
㷭˷ۣɲʰǡҪǶԸǣǻι԰أϵ԰ذæȻοպۡϵҲǳ
ģʱ䵹ǹĲģܿ͵һׯ㿴ǰ̻Ի͵ķׯ΢΢һ㶵ǰ׳ǿûôķׯ
԰ظģţһʱΪ׳Ϊķׯݵλˣϲѽ͵
԰صǹĿ࿴û뵽СӻоͷԣǲҪǰȥҶ˼ˡ
ﷹׯ֮΢΢һЩ㣬Եøܣһŷׯȥ
һԭǴһԲҶ뷨֪԰صķׯҪ㣬ܲܰԼֵܵķׯˡ


407 һ
С𣿡Ѹող뷹ׯһŮתͷ˹ȥǰһĻһڴŵ࣬źƺƵŮӣᣬʮĿҪǣЩŮ¶Ŵȣҵһǰ¥ĸо
ĿЩŮɨĵװ԰رǧ顣û뵽һѵ˵Ļԭⲻİ˹ţ԰ǻ쵰ûǱЩŮӡ
з̰ͬʱѺͷһŮӽ̸˼䣬ͷ˵С㣬үַ
ͷŮӴǰŮӿ¶ĽɫûʵķׯҲǷֵȼġ߼Ȼַͬķ䣬ȴҪַʮ౶ǣÿ컹Ԥ䡣ܽģһʿβЩŮĽ
ЩŮĽѵͬʱ̲סǵĹӡ벻֪ǹô뵽ġİַǮʮ౶ϡʱǼ԰ۣǶΪʧķ衣ڿȴǹ˵ǳԵĲǷԵӣʲôĶǸơ
ЩŮĽעѵʱѺȴһͬǰְᡣְ֮ʮˣĿⶼתѡ
ѶЦЦٴοһЩʱо̺ŵ˹
ǺǣСˣǿɵܾˡһ߹Цһλǣ
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һ㶣תͷһ׵һӣǸޱ飬ӹЦȻûϵλϯɡ
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˵꣬ŮΪ˼һӡѾߣһ仰Ҳ˵ɵĺܡ
С㣬㸸׵飬ѾźˣǺǣϾ㸸ȱҲǹ壬Ժ׳ǻкܶȥġӶЦ
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ЦЦЦвһŮЩɡ׷ŮҪ汾£ʲô̫ûˡǰΪⱻһǿɱڶ
һɫѿһŮҲС˭ȻҶ˵
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һԸǺǣǸˣҪǸҶһһǾ͵ſɡЦߵ˼ԭΪһ㼼һȺ˻û˼
ǺǣӺðҵĵ̣Ҷһ֮˵Ļ벻ӵмǣҪǮģҪΪŮǰһǿһжȥˡλһֱܳĬĹվ˵
㿴λӣ΢΢ЦЦ˵˵û£
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˵֮ץӣŹƹȥͬʱĵֹһ԰أҲǹģʵ̲סȵ㣡
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408 ת
˶û뵽ȻӣһλӴֲ֮£һȻûʲô˺ȴˣɫ
Ǻǣ㲻һ£ЦſŹˣһɷƵ
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ָһָ˵Ƶģ
תͷ㣺ǲӦøһͣ
Щע㣬Դӿׯʼδйһ˸£ЩڷׯҲ£û뵽ôһ󵨵ļһ
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ֻҪʮ̾һ˵ҪٱҪ֪ʮҾͲˣһ׬ͷûС
ĿҪѪСǲɵˣһ˵Ҫٱ⳥Ȼԡֻ⳥һ֣ڷׯ£бҪӺúý
˵˵Цָ˵ȥɣ⳥ɣոҪұ£ڱˣƱͲǵˡҵĶȻҪ
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ӼЩɷˣһ㶵ʱִϲ˵ѾӵҲʲôطҰ
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ӼӣһҪֺúýѵһ㣬׳ǲÿһط㶼Ұģ
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԰ֺҹϵǳҵ飬ķׯ£ȻҪܵףˣҪӶ㣬԰صͺˣһᱻܡ
԰طĵǣ㲢ûһ˿״Ǹ飬ˣ԰һҪǲ֪԰ͷӵܣҪǺ׳ˡ
Ӹ޿֡ں׳ǣһҲҪţ
㿴һЩˣҲûкȥ˼˵ô𣿡
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ӼѺ뿪ߡ͹ʹˣƻôãþʹ˷Ź
˶һۣ첽ĸ˳ȥѸոߵſڣһУξһȺȺʿΧȡ
԰ػǻƣ׳ǵӶܽùһȻʺ档̾һ
Уξͷׯˣ˷ׯĶҪΪׯƹĿ㣬翴һҲˣȻׯҲҶ
УξҲŭ԰ؿǺкտһׯǾȻ˸̫ͷ϶ⲻ
Уξŭ£ҲǰУξֵոλӻӣҺ͹ƵһУξҪΪ
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ˣСӰˡУξȵŭ塣
ЦҪܲԼòˡ
㿴УξЦЦҲΪҿ㻹ǰλӰɣո˵ⷹׯģ˼Ҷ
Ӵ㵣ʲôʱԼ˵仰ˣϾͷӦǶԷԼǾ䡮ֵԼ顣
ˣУξŭȵ
һʿָ裬һЩʿĶ֣ܿʮʿڵ໽вϡ
ʵҲ棿ˣǺ԰صĹϵϣҾСһ¡
һ仰Уξŭʲôʱ׳ǵĹ嶼Ҷʿˣ˭֪ڵĺ׳ǣбУʿ䣬Ƕơ
֪ͨͳ죬˵ڷׯ¡УξҲˣǰļһʵԼЩ²Ƕ֡
˼ʵҲȲѡȴЦѣְɣֵԽԽãʱղ˳ҪĿ⿴ѣСӣٺúõʰŮˣ͹µ壬Ǿ̲סһȡ
ׯܶҲΧһĻһͬĿ㣬ҲҺõطôСӶأοСҲһΪ׳ǴԵʣҲǴúôһλں׳ǳȥֱϵˡ
ܿ죬ֵ䶯һӶӾӲϵĳ֣ׯΧȣһ£һǧˡ
һǧ˵ľӣһͳ죬ҪǶԸЩѶȡ
ֻǸͳ죬Цͳǵ
ͳĵȴŭգ˭үֵܣⲻúýѵһ£֪׳ܣһĿһǧʿҲǸһ壬Ǻ׳Щ˲ǡ
ͳŭӼϽӭȥͳȻû׾λߣȴǰĺˣ׶Ҫֺõ
ͳ죬ôˣЦӭȥ
ͳӣԭ׼䣬ĿתһʱĻֹסϽϹϾҲֱֱӭȥ
ӼͳȻϹϾӭ΢΢һ㶣ʱӱ


409 
ӶЦӭȥͳ졭
ԭΪӭĴͳ죬ȻҲһֱֱۣ߲ǸһЦȥһֺĴͳ죬ʱȴЦ⣬ߵǸǰ
εԭأֲ֪š
ʱ򣬴ͳȴߵǰһүʲôʱģ
һ仰һƬȻһɴ۾ĿŴͳ죬ΪŵȻһ˹׳ǣȥ˭ôͳ˶ԴǺ׳ǵЩ壬ǿͿĶԴͳ졣
ջôͳˣЦͳ쵹ǲϤֻǼѡ
үԸģͳ칧Ķ˵漴һܵȺһ˵үǸʿİɣ
ʼҪʰңܲԴаɡ
ô˵ͳɫһ䣬Уξ
УξѾѪɫϽСܹЩĿŴͳ졣ͳһ⣬һ˵ȥú÷ʡ
Уξﻹ˵ʲô׵Ҳ棬ϽӦǣ
ͳУξ뿪֮תͷ㣬ʵү㿴
˰ֵûϵҲǱƭˡ
ͳһϾĲ£ҲԸԼıֻǴͳ첻ǣô£ⲻǴˮ
ˣǰĴͳ졣о񲻶Ժ˭ں׳ôӡ֮󣬶벻
ֻߵѡͻȻӦ뷨ʱһЩõĹӵҲѹ˵ŮϣԴú׳Ǻ䶯һѡʱӲΪ⣬ѵı̽ôַ˵ļһڿǵԷ˵Ļġ
Ժл䵱ĻһĻĻоѵһǵ׳ǵĵһӣﶼѹסâļһĴˣ
֪Ĵһ꣬ǲ֪֡룬пһǴȥô
ɫ䣬ҪĻǽ졭
һӶЦֱֱߵͳߣֺõ˵ͳ죬㿴Ҹ
ӵĻû˵꣬ͱͳϵҺûʲôϵӻǱݵĺá
ͳɲɵү֮ѡɵҲ֪ôѡͳ쿴һߵѣݣӻ޸
ӱͳ˵ɫ˱䣬ǺܿȥҲ֪ȨϣһߵǰЦǺǣոᣬСѣȻǵѡ
һͶԷһľ˵ɱ˵ҿɲѡС㣬𣿡
ѰһۣҡҡͷҺֻǷ֮
ʼ磬Ŵͳ˵ͳˣҲˣ˸ոָʾҪɱҡ°Сĸλŵͨͨ
ͳ쿴ŵڵϵһʿҪ˲Ź֡⻰Ȼɵ˵ͳһŭүģҲֵġˣȥ
ڴͳʿ׼ֵʱһŭ𣺡ס֣
£߳ߵǰЦʶǺ׳ǰһεһӰɣǱǹҹ֪ܸܲһӣ֮¾ʹ˽ҹΣ
ǣ۾ŶԷͳʱ߽͵ͺ׳һǴǣǱǵĵһ塣
ͳĽͣЦû˵һ仰Ǻ׳ǣѵ㻹ָʾ²ɣ
˵⣬˶٣ָͻȻָѣ˵֪֪˭ں׳ҲҴ⣿Ϊһ壬ΪҲɱ㲻ɣ
һ仰ڳȴûһЦġһЩѾݣ׳ǵıʣż־η
ӺαôЦЦӻȡһҡ֮Źƻݸ˵ȻӿϵŮˣԺǲǣǸһƷʱѹġ
˵꣬Ͱѷݸ㡣㿴ûоֽܾӹеԷĴ󷽡Ʒⶫ˷ˡܶˣһδͳ쿴۾ֱˣôɣһƷ͵ˣ
Ӽ·һ¶Ǻͽ˰ɣ
ҡ£һɹ𵴶ݸ˵ϲ𣿡
ѽӹҡҡͷ˵Ҳϲ̫Ķ
仰Ц˵ȻˣǾͲҪˡ
˵꣬Ȼ˵עУ͵һ˦˦˳ȥ֪㶪ȥˡ
һ۾ֱˣڿռ仮һ켣֪ȥһ̲סܼӣ찡ǿһƷ
ͬͣû뵽һ仰ȻѶֱӶ
ûע⵽˵ɫ仯Ŵͳ˵Ƕߣ
ͳһ㶣漴ϷԸִС
ȵȣŭû뵽ԼóƷԷҪǶԷԼƷˣҧݿ˵ӣ˻ǲҪϾɱĺá
ϾɱЦһûɱء
ҹҲǺǵģֱֱĶ㡣
ڰֵȥҵֽ̰ɡŵһġ
㡭ŭȻǺȴңԶҪѵΪĲɣ
ôϻһŴͳ˵ߣҪǸҷ͵ظɱ
һ͵ظɱһر˸ǺѪɫ˿ɣҪķĻͳĻô
ʱҲٹ˲棬㺰ӣҺ԰عӹϵãϣʹ˽ҹΣ
͵վʵ԰غ˽
ʹͷץһݣԹӾһ𡣡
һǰķׯŴͳ˵԰ؾȻ˽áѾģҪȥⷹׯˣҵһ㶼ʣ
һ仰һɵˡԭΪ԰ãû뵽԰ضˣ
ӣ⡭ͳЩΪѣ㲻Ǻ԰عϵôԼҵĶⲻɵ
ôˣ֣ŴͳЦ
ͳ쿴ѣҲ˵㣬ˡ
ҡҡͷʲôడ̫ˡ԰ʲô˶ҽύ˾ˡ
ЦĹ죬Ҳ֪ʲôȰסҲ˵ʲôʱ˵עĿУԭ׳ķׯͱһȺʿ⿴ƹ۲ѣȴ˿



410 
Ƭ̼ʱ䣬ׯͱҵòŸոպķׯˣһر˽⵱һĻˣ̲סĿתѣѾɢջϢŮӡһˮΪ׳Ҫ䶯һѰɡ
˭£˶ŻһƬķׯʱһŭ𣬿ջƹŭĵ״ΪɣϽ첽ӭȥүˡ
԰ؿŻһƬķׯ΢΢鴤һ£ͷĴͳ죬΢΢һ㶣δͨͳΪʲôôʱͿվһԵ㣬㣬԰ظո׼ŭϽջԺ˲Ҳ׹ͳⷹׯºѲ˹ϵ
Ӽ԰ȴϲ԰غ֣
԰Ťͷȥˣ΢΢һ㶵ͬʱЦⲻôʲô
ӸϽ˵ոպЩìܣϣְһ
һ仰԰ԭЦϰ˦˦ûмӣԭǺìܣʲôЦԼʲôϵʲôϵ֮ǺӵˣǾֵܡƽȾƴţû⣬˲ͷǾǺԼȥ
Ӽƽǳֵܵ԰ʱͬӬһ΢΢һ㶣ֱֱĶ԰أȴ԰㣬ᴷһȭЦʲôʱģҲȥǣ顣
԰ô˵ɫ΢΢˺죬޶ˣȴûз
ô㣬Ц׳ǵһӵͦջĴ׳ǾӶܵ
ٺ٣԰ЦЦ⻹ΪﶼˣȻȻǵͷǣ˵ھҲ֡ûֵǷꣿ
㷭˷˵ǲԻˡû˸۸ǣôҲȥǣ
Ҿں׳ͦˬġ԰Цȥ㲻һС
԰ô˵ЦЦָ˵Ǽ˴⣬ҽѵһ˵ͦã
ʲôЦ԰˵ʲôòõģǷ곡Ϸѡ
һ仰ɵˣû뵽һͺ԰أȻǰˣȫǲǵһ顣ɫ԰ףû԰Ϊǳ棬ҪӴˣӴߣǶԷˣôô棿
̾һȣһΪϵõĲˡ룬Ȼǹϵã϶ǰǡһ֮£Ͱķׯˡ㲻ɣ
԰һ㶣漴Цƨ飡
˵꣬԰ŤͷѣǰŮӣ𪣬ǰ͹̵ģѾʮջ԰룬ǹģǵڼΪֳô󶯾ˣ
԰عŹֵĿһ㣬һﲻŮӵɡ룬ܡҪȻôѵôġ
ǸҲҴ˼ո˵ĶҪٱ⳥ҽҩʲôĶҪ԰˵
仰԰ﻹʲô˼ЦȻҲܰױ۸
˵꣬԰ֱֱߵǰЦӣ㿴ôɣΪһĪ֮˰ŭйϡҪǲҽֻȥˡ
֣ҡ
ӻ׼˵ʲôȴ԰شϵӣ԰ػԹӣ֮ǰûϤֵܵĵزҲҪ̫࣬Ͱհٱɡʿҽҩʲôģ㶼ɣӲ᲻ɣ
ҡ
ӿԲҪ԰ЦеĿЦ
ɫʮѿû뵽԰˷ˡ԰ٱļ۸⣬ʲҪ롣ǣҪ˵Ļں׳ǻ˭Ĺ԰أ
ھǣ׳Ƕ԰ظ׹֮ȻмʵԼҪĻֱ׾١ڵĺ׳ǿɲ֮ǰй˼ɣǡڵĺ׳ǣҾʵۣݣ˵һССңǵĹң¶
һ˵һ⳥ԡӵġ
ǺǣǾͺãɡұ˵ҽҩʲôľͲˡ˺ܽ壬˵˵ˣϾǲ˵ġ
԰仰Ǻݺݵĳ鴤һ⻹ˣôǣ
Ȼ仰Ӳ˵ȥһڿ𣿡
԰ؿһ㣬ʼҿɲ֪Ҫʱˣֻ⳥ڴͳǣҿɵˡ
ӲûһѪҺȴòתͷԿ㡣
ӿνʼҪǺܺ˵ģȻֶƽˣ߰ɡҺ԰ദܾã֪ƢãǷĶһֱǣҪһᱩߡ
仰Ƥ⻰˼ԣҷߣؼҳﱸ⳥ʣҪһ㣬ͱˡ
Ӳ˵һ仰ŲӾͿ첽뿪
ߣҲϣȴͳ쵲㿴ŹĹ˵𣿹ӣ㻹ʵ㣬ǵ㡣
룬ߣΪȥﱸʡʲôߣ
Ŵͳ˵ȥһǵĸףں׳ǷһЩں׳ǺúøĽ̡
ͳﻹ˼ȫܣҪǮ͸ǻߣҪǲãôһֱŰɡ
ǣүͳ칪˵һƬķׯΪʲôҪˡȫ԰ش׬һʡ
ɢ˰ɣŴͳ˵
ͳӦԭƺƵľߣЩΧ۵ȺҲɢˡЩɢ㿴԰Ц񲻴ɣ
԰غٺЦЦͷԸؽСҲҵ̫ˡؽҪٹ򡣡
εʼ֪ЩʿһȻȫˡԭͳԼ˼˼˼ͲˣׯסˣǮҲõˡ
԰ضָһﻹǹ޳ܵġ
㿴һԵѣЦЦ԰˵˼һŮں׳ҲףҲչһ
԰ڨڨЦЦԼֲʥˣʲô鶼ĵ
⻰԰Ҳ£ĳֹϵ԰أʱȻ˵Ժ󲻻ᷢˡ
˵㲻˵㸸ʲô𣿺˵
Ļ˵ͷ¶ɵɫ仰Լ׵һͲʲôˡ԰ؿϣѵܿԼĸף
ллѵл
㿴һѣЦЦҲ˵ǷԸ԰ذѵں׳ǵ˽гȻˣǾ;һۡ


411 粨
ȥǣ㾪ȵĿźһѣŮվһʮĿһޣһഺվһʮĿ´һŮĿպѵǰɨҲ֪Ů˭ĸһЩ
ôѻδ˵վͲͣ˵һȥǶģа顣
ô˵Цôһˣ㲻ǻ𣿲һҲУ
Ů飬һ·һܡ
⻹ࡣŵѿЦѣȥǵĴ¡
㲻֪պѵĴʲôں׳Ҳ԰һȺ˻˼죬Ҳʱؾǣ԰ذ㸸װźˣ
ѵͷЩ츸Ҳ⡣ó֮ģû뵽԰һֱӰѸ׵ȥ׳ǵܻءҲüһ
ҪûʲôǣҵĻǾ̰ɡЦЦ
ѵͷͻȻʵǰЩ᲻鷳
ҡҡͷں׳ǣһСС԰ôԸͶԸڹң㲻ùܣǣǣֵܲġ
㻹ⲻǡü
ЦЦԭİɣⲻҺ԰鷳
˵꣬ͻȻȡһǵǸĶݸ˵ǺǣǸĶŰɡƷȻ㻹ʩչȫԱȴ
㲻Ƕ𣿡Ѿȵ㣬Ǽǵ㵱ʱװᶪĺ˳֡
㷭˵㵱ɵƷֵǮô涪ٺ٣ȥˡ
Ѿú뵱ʱԼ̲סЩܼˡ
ŰɣȻԸٽĶ
ץѵ֣ģǹɧĵǸ
ռ״ҲЦѣžǣҲǵģթһƷôҲҪһſ԰
յĻŤͷû㵱Ǵײ˰ⶫҲõģ

ϴ뿪׳ǺƺƵȺȣһξԵü򵥵Ķˣ˶ѡ飬㵹ǺĿֻСŮѣ׵İˣͻǵýæҪû飬ǾͺŮ
㶼ţŮϵôôã˵ĻҪŮ֮ǲɢĴССһѵĻúŮһοΣǵԼĴڡ
Ȼ㿴ᣬһ·ĵѾʼƽϣôǵĹϵҪȻһ·Ҳ̫ˡ
ǣ֮һ·òҲ̶ݣ̫͹Ůĸ飬Ҳ̫͹Ụ̊һһʶơǵ£׼˵ͬʱ˲ˮʲôĶˡ
ȻҲԼ㣬޵ʱʱЦ£žĶ֮չɢŮȻķ
룬ǰϹ°塢CPUŮˣǲҲЦȻ֮䣬˵Ķʧˣ
һ·֣ߵĲ죬·;Ҳûʲô鷳ϵ˾ǣ˾֮ŮȥպȥȻİ꺮ůһ飬ǵŮԴȻҲϲ޾ŮӣŮ˶ʮĽ
㣬ԶĶ㵲ѡҲ̫˰ɣպ꺮ůģҾû˵һ䡣ܵ㣬ԼһƨžպѼ״ЦЦöرѣǺټǰЦˡ
㣡ûʲôˣȥɣУԺûաղϲ㡣Ķ˵
һ仰㵣֪ˡ
Ǹ׼˵ʲôͿ˵ôǼŮ˵强ҲҪ
仰ڨڨЦ˳ȥ
˳ȥźһʱҲùŹ֣һСĶ˵̣ʲôˣȵȥѵֹˣҲ֪ġ
ջά㣬̾һյͷ˵ǰ̫ױƭˡ⻵СӣԺҪ
պѶһۣոǾû֣̿Ͻ˵̣㲻ˣûƭҡǲʲôҴ̵Ǹ
ȣɵӣ̾һյͷЦҲ֪ĸ㿴ϡˣ̸ˣǺǣżǰڵɫǻСӿǣΪ
ô˵һ˳Ļ˵ţҪɫԺǰ
ʱźǺǵЦһճŵſڡ

ɻ˵ʲôˣ
·һЦƵģЦ㣬ôЦòãʲôʱû飿
Ļһźݺݵ˹ȥۿ˵Ѿģǲǻһ飿
𣡡Ͻ˵ݺ̫ˣѾӰˡ
ңôĸ׺кܴƵģʵ
仰۾һ˵㣬̫Ľˡ찡ﶼ࿴һңѾģԺȱŮ𣿡
ʲôɻʵĸ׶ʲôϵ
ﶢʵ治֪Ǽٲ֪
ģҪôϻҰ㶪ˮȥ˳Χۡݺݵ˵
Ķ֣Ͻ˵ĸΪմǲݣ˼ҶֵˡҲ֪ĸֻĵˡ֪ˣЩܲ𣿡
մǲݣֵˣЦãһĻԼûŮ˻аɡ
㻹ϣ˼Ҷڼ˺þˣ˵ͲߣҪʼ˼һĵĿ㣬˵Ů湻ģҶ˼㶼˶٣벻ŮˣôҲʼҪ㣬ҡ
죡ȥˣһôԽ˵ԽˣʲôʱԼʼˣ
˭ʵ˭ԼϾ뵽˾ӣǻ湻ݵģһжĳһкС
˭ҾͲ֪ˣ裬׽Ӵġ˵
ԭŭ㣬ʱŻȻ򣬲ϾͿЦá˵Ҷ˼վԼЩˡֳһŮˣҪǱ˵ĻҲΪԼһʲôϵԼҶ˼Ǹǰ֮˲죬ѹôˡ
οҪǣ֮䣬ȷʵЩɶ


412 ˽ţ
㣬׺ʲôϵ̲סһԺвģǾ޵ɫ̲סͷһȣŮˣҪһ׷
ɨһۣĵ˵Һʲôϵƨ¡
㲻׼ﳶֱ
ﱻһȻЦ˼Ц֮ɫʮ㣬գգ۾˵
õ𰸣ûдתȥֻǾ˹ϵͬѰҪˣŮΪʲôڸۡôãΪʲôһ֪
ѵ˼ҶŪˣ뵽ֿܣЩĽĵһް
첽ȥ㣬ˣһɢһü޼ӡʱһɫĽУ𱩵ģͷ欵ջһһ֮䣬˶ɢŮˣһӣ۲ת䣬Ȼɡ
Ůˣͷ̲סһŮˣǻѹǸˡ
㣿̤͸оˣЦڻˣ
ſڵ㣬Ҳϲ˼¶ӭȥһ֮תͷЦôˣ
˵֪㵽ȥˣԾֻ㡣
ͷ˵ͷӡɹˣ
ţ˵ͷ˵ʱãǿ̫࣬зɵΣա
ӡޣʲôޣԱľ쳣ֱֱĶǰľŮˣŮ˵Ҳ֪ҪȻҲԽӴˡǣȴ֪ӡޡ
ЦŽ͵ϹһʵӦǴܼģʱδȫָʵԾͱӡˡһΣڻĿռõջɣ
㿴˵ͷ˵ȻûеõĿռıĶԺȴùԹΪ¡
ĶԻ΢΢鴤һܼޱշˣǿǴܼİòתͷһɫƽһŮ˵ľ治Ǳܱġ
ͳȻ˵һޣŮǸû˸ǰɡ
ϾøӶԷ̬ȻϵͬѰȻΪֹϵ˵ĹϵҲͨŮϵǡеġ
ǺǣСǺ޶Ϊá֪⻪Ŀռ֮ıʱҲӦȥһȡǺǵЦ
Цȥˣﻹʲôݡ
ЦСӱƨһõʲôˣ
õһЩϲۡſں
üͷ촽ܰ㻺֮ǰ㲻ǽǸûõһ˿
еĶǵõˣɱȲϴܼޡЦһжѡ
û˵飬ҪǴȥԼһɱļֵɱ߻ҪĶࡣ
һǸռô󣿾һʲôȲѡ
ңΣ
룬ûʲôȻֵûһˡ˼֪ʲô
ʥƷʵ
ҡҡͷӦòƷۡ
룬ңľѧƷܸġ
ô˵ûмȥҲ֪Ի壬Ȼֳֻô󶯾ֻǵõһЩǡ
ȡͼݸ˵ͼڻ㣡
ͼΪʲôڸۡôˣԭΪ˻̲סЩʧ䣬Ҫʲôǵһǿ֣ܼ˵Ҳһ¡
ӹͼͼһУͻͷУܸо͸¶һɹ΢ȫ泩ѣҲ˼֡
ͼݸ֮㣬źС죺ȻˣҾˡ
Сαżںס߰ɡЦ
ҡҡͷлˣһ鴦
˵Ŀת㣬ȴЦ㡣
֪ʲôˣҪΪԼҲڵۡ죬˽ˡȻǲԸˡ
ͷһ㲢ߡ
Ҳ뿪رע⵽ıӰҡҡͷֹС˾ȣŮӶܽá
ЦЦľɫģϣͬŮ˸ˡڿ˻ϵͬѰҪ˵ֹϵȴ̫ܡ
һǿŮӣһˣ
ȥĿϲϵĴϸ̵֫ͦęѾظγһŵߣԺв𵱳ڲԭϵ𽵹һĻͷһȡ
ʲôͻȻ㡣
ЦԭΪԭһ֮ǾͲн벻ϡ
˵ԭɫ̲ס˺죬ȻҲ뵽һĻϵ糺죬޶ˣͬһţʮˡ
ţһ䣬͵ͷ·£˵ʲô
˵ǲǽԵ˶˵ǧԵһǣ룬ǲߵʱҽ϶һߡҿǲǰˡ
ĿɨĽС㣬һȣĵȺԼһ¡
Լģ˵ҽûС
ûô֪ûУܲ˵˵꣬ץ˹ȥ
ץŽţһ͵ź浹ֻŵִٵ֮£Ľһᣬһ̲סӴһ˳
ҧź촽޺޵Ķ㣬Ҳԭءû뵽ԼץһĽŶѣΪô˽أǿ˽ţ˵ȥЦ
ǰȴʵʵڵķһĻ
оҲ࣬ʱʹˣ뵽ʵ͸оɫ̵ҪǴȥȷʵ˲ܽܡ
쵰һ㣬붼ĺ£Ҫ㶯ֶţԼˣʱץţԴһƬհףֻŶ㿪ȻԼ˽ˡ
ʼ磬ָһԵһʯͷţҰ㿴
ȻһЦԼһġ


413 ټ
Ұ㿴£Ьӣһ˫СĽųСɾף쳣ľ£˼˵Ůȿ㣬һŮ˵ӯС뾻޹ǵϡ仰еģ㵱ҹȻֻǵɨ㣬ȴǡƤɫͨϸ׵ľЩ
Ұࣿ㿴㣬̧ͷ
ҧ촽촽ѹһȣƽջ󣬵˵ͷ֪ʲôҲҿ㡣
ָİĽţǲӯӯһգȻȴ͸һ͵ĸоõ̲ס΢΢ζĳ嶯ȴҪȻûˡ
𣿡һ֮˵ǴЦ⡣
öˣִٵĴעӣоӿ죬ԺжһƬհס
㲻˵㣬ʱʱ죬̶ʱࡣ
ӿѪҺѭõĿһЩ㿴Ŀ峺˵
ŶеĲ㶼ܸоĽЩ̣СȣָİţСϸ壬ʮ־ɣ˵Ŀ⡣
ϰţҪҪƭƭظ˽źõĿ졣Ͼʹͷ⻰̫źۼǵòʧ
ûкЩЦµĶȴ˿ȻҲСȵ˴ϣʱʱ֮䣬࣬ҪջȴţҪ㣬˵ƸΡ
ַ˫ҲĵջܸоԼڲϵļ١
ţЩˣˡ˵ɲƽ
һëװۣ⻬壬ЩԸַ֣棬ÿҲˡ
̧ͷܿ۾дŵĳȣͨŬҪѽջ
㿴ͻȻЦЦĪ¶ɻ
Ǹ㿴ͻȻ˵Ҽǵ˵ҽŰɣ
˲һƬѪ죬űŵţо̵Žëѣ
ͬȾϲϼģĸӶסջ㿴ͬ峿õ廨촽Щ಻ס֫촽߹ȥ
䡭
ֱоԺһƬհףһ˿˼롣ܵ飬ǱϾŴĽڣȴѵġ
ֲʵ쵽ȹ¡ϸĴȣţеԽԽ࣬ءסӰ䵽ԱߵС֮У˾ֱֱĳȥ
żСߵһ΢΢ӭ㡵촽ϸϸƷ˼ֻ࣬ɬӭš
޵ľ˵ӣԡ̲סƬ̼䣬ǰֵͬ֬㽿ˮļ͸ŵ˼ĺΡ޷ѩѩۣӯԸУһ˫ˮƵӹǡ˶࿴۱ʧءϸ£Բę͹һĻȡ۹⻬޳⣬ʮˡˮ˳˼ľ»ԽԽȣ㿴ԸеǣҲ̲סѹƺҪƵġ
΢΢룬ȻҪһ˿ǰϷ쳣Ļ壬ľͻȥˡϸ飬Ůûеģ֣˳ԡ
ںˮİΧУŮ֮ļá

֮󣬾쳣侲ԭЩľٶһĳĬĬı㱧ţ֪Щʲô
㿴ѹԼֳѩ׹Ѿǻûȥ糺죬һһͻȻ˵㣬һꡣ
ôˣЦſ֪һأû뵽ٴκԼֹϵɡ
תͷ㣬һţһ֧ţʮдıǵЦ⣬Ŵݲȵĵţһж΢Ƶġ
ʹܲòϣ㲻һͨȥۡǣΣ˲ôΪңԼķϵԼʲôоϲҡҡͷǲϲΪʲôˣһССֶΣˡ
һĴȡһʼ·ܵĺˮӰ㿴Ө͸Ľ쳣ˣ̧֮Ǹ֣ʮֵԸˡ
һֱվϵǸһ˵㻹·𣿡
ЦЦһϣǰȥץ֣ȴܿ
ˣ˵о仰˵ûķӦԶԶǿǡ
һ仰Ҳװƽɫ͸ոգȷʵ㣬һЩ
Ŭ˼תͷ˵Ϊ㲻ãǸոһܴ𣿡
ĻЦЦַӦһ㶼֣ܶŮ˶ˡرģǻŮ˼
ûʲôģ˵ˣʵ
ڡҪ˵һɣȴʲô˵
֪˰ɣȻ֪Ǿû㿴Цõġ
㣬ȴ˿ܵĿҡҡͷ֮Ż˵һҲӦջģ㻹һꡣ
һ仰ЩûˤڵϣջԼûпЦôã֮󣬶ԷηԼϣ
ҡҡͷ漴˵֮˳Ȼûʲôջջġ
ҡҡͷ֮ͻȻź滺ڶȥ״ҲܿԵˮźȥ
ʵһȻʲô£ոΪǣǻָ侲̶ת֮䣬ͺõĲˡ뵽ոְôãɾɫ̡
ԼôĹȻ˵СȻõĿ죿ңһţ
˵ˣ
׼˵ʲôȴӰٵ̶ʱ͵˼ԶĵطһμԶľ֮ͻȻͣһ仰ķ򴫹
ԺҲټˣ
˵仰֮ӰٵƬ̼ʧС
һ㶣ʧķɫҲЩÿԺ󲻻ټˡŮԴô£
һ漴ҡҡͷɫƽ浱ԼеĹͰɡųȥŮӣ治Լƿӵеġ


414 Ϲת
ߵٴλصУ·ң뻹߽ȥӵڻĿռǿм㵽һ첽ǰȥ㱨Ҽ
ܿҼʹһȺӭ˳ӪҲȲѣߡ
㣬ڻˡ㱻͵ȥˣû°ɣǰ˵˵Ľ١
ҼʱҲЦ˵ߣȥ
һڴҼ㣬ӵĳȵڻĿռı֣Ҽһ㱡꣬޷ģرһӰһоͰеİˣÿֲ
ٻأһܣΨٻ㣬üͷ
Ҳ֪㣬ǻ˭ܲٻҼͬġ
Ҳ֪Цֻ֪ӡˣԼ֪˭
Ҳ֪о˼顣
˵ͷٻӦòʲôΣհɡ
ȣҼ̾һ֪Ϊֻˣ㣬ҪܵõٻϢǵõһʱǡ
ȻͷĿռ֮Ҽ̬ô
СһЩõʥϢȥˡҶ⡣Ҽ˵ڱ㣬ҲҪעһ㡣
Ȼ֪Ҽ˵ʲôȻ۹סѱ˲²ݡҪ²ƾõжջ󣬾ԻڼΣС
Ҽףĺ˾㣬뵽һѪҺʯı仯Ҽ;ǰԲ򵥣ʱҼ;ãĻѪҪǼκһ˶ҪڻĿռ侭һĻĻ֮ҼȻ޷
ֻҼ׵ǣһôҵļҶ
㲻ɻԼҲ벻ͨһ˵һ󣬾뿪ҡصۡʱ򣬼ڵ
ˣ˵
ͷףȴڡ
õʥˣ˵٣˵֪֪Ϣȥö˴⣿
εҡҡͷҲû취顣ѵܰѶóȥ
Ļ˵ͷ⵹ҲǣҲС£ⶫ̫ǲǿߴ⡣УϹһ˵ħڿȷȷʵʵˡ½ƽʵԽеķСԣԺµ͵һЩ
ħЦôħ
üͷ˵㻹𣿲Ҷ˼ߵħеһԱǶǵõеˡңԼҵһλҲħ֮еһλЩ꣬ϵĵͳͬһϱϹǿת
˵⣬ָָʹķѹ˵һλпйǿת
ʲô㾪ڣЩŵĿѽ仰Ϲйŵǿתǡ
һоҲƽ
㵱ΪƽĴ˵ֻǴ˵ɣǺпܾʵʵڵġҪ˵ħС˵ˣϹŵжǿߣܽһصǿߣҲֶαסԼĵͳ磬ԶԶеˮҪһΪʥԵʱǣʥԤѾˣЩ޹˼ɡҪ˵ڣħ趯ҲΪĶְϣ϶ҲħеһԱҺпܣĵͳ൱ǰҵϢŷơ˵
Ҫ˵ոյֻǾȵĻͳ׵ˣϷ˵ԼĴҪˣ
Ĭ˵ҪûлʥĻν߻ʥ飬ܶ˶⣬һܶ˾ͻȻǵǹ˼Ҳ١
Ļ˵ͷ˵ģзִ硣
ͷҵǺܷġ˵ô࣬ҲҪβˣǷ˼У°ѱ
ܲܰռһ°ϵϢʵ
ͷ˵㲻ѡУСӵڻĿռֻǴеһ˵ռ֮гһӡ񣬾֮ڳаĴڶˡû´ĻӦϹٵ˰ɣǱеĶõˣ
ڨڨЦЦ˵ҵûƭ壬ңξڹеõһǲܸ塣
ô˵Ц㰡һšҲգҲˡУͳĴʲôϵ㰢ʵģǺǣǶв֧㣬ҪܰͳĴ׷֣Ժ˴⣬Ҫ˼һ
Ĭһ֮˵˵ˡˣ壬һλתѵϹйŵ˻ܻڲɣ
˭֪أһЩǿߣ˭Ҳ֪жôǿҲǲܡοתֶԼ˵
Ļ㿴˵أʲôͳ
ͻȻЦСӵǴ֪ʲôͳǲһԺ󴳶Ļܴ
ڨڨЦЦû뵽һ۾Ͱ˼һ˵ʲôأΪĿꡣ
ֱĻ漴˵۹֮ڣִҪ㣬һλҲҪ˼ɼ֡ǣ֪ǣ˶ԡ۹Ҳô򵥣ЩҲ
ô˵׿ֲֲΣ˵ͷ˵İɡϣҪҵˣҲҪۡ
ˣ壬ϴβ˵۶༸ǲ̫𣿱ǵĹҹӱҰˣ㿴ǲǰͻȻ˵
һ仰һ㶣漴˵ˣΪʲô
ѵ˵һ飬ʱЦСӵÿζԴ׵ֶΡͲ
ЦһѵĹϵأѲˣҵÿվ
ͬԹһǹĴЦҲգȵҾͻغ׳ǡǵ飬￴ŴУҵҪǵáħǿЦģЩͳˣԳҪǲСĻԴ
֮󣬺ϵԺ𣺡ϧϷֻʣһ꣬Ҫǻǵ꣬ħΣϷĵӣɱħ
ô˵ʼϧǵˡ
˵Ҳδأ˵Ҳ²βͣЩµĵͳ඼Ƿӣֲܿ
ЦЦ˼ȴŰϣһ֮ԼֻʣˡͿˣô㶼ҪֹѵðȢղɡ



415 
뿪֮󣬾ͻصķ䣬ڻĿռõġ͹һ𣬾֤ĲȻҲоȷʵּΪֲ֮ǧѧΪѣǺϣ˷쳣оʱҲоúϵĻ˵֮еĹõҪǿǧٱ
Ϸ㣬ùʿֶ֪ҪȻñס
ϵѣ㰵զ࣬ûôֲϾţҲ˵ⶫȷʵͬ죬ֻЩѡ
оʱҲѹóѧϰʱһӰ˽һʹ㡭
յֻǺһ㣬ͶĿ⿴ǰĹյĹͫעһתԭǰĹͻȻռȥ
һĻͷ󺧣ҪסȴԼٶȸȲϣоĿֲʶƷѹƣʲô˲䱻ʴĸɸɾ
ǾѪɫʱյ۾һâȵĹâ䵽֮ϣȻ˲ֹͣ䵽յǰ֣;䵽յġ
㶵ĿһĻо˼顣ĿֲʶûùŶѹƣִǣϣȻͬһŲһ˿ɲӰ졣
оЩڸĭհŹʲô죿ʲô̬ǣ
㣡ʲôտŹʵа
ĭƽϢһ˵ʥ
ʥʲôպɻ󲻽ʵ
Ʒ£ܱѹơԼܱôֲ˭Ҳ֪ʥش
տЦƭ˭ôôҲŲء
ЦöתʮֶڼŮһа
ˣЦãյ۾ȴյ۾ʱ¶һɹеתǣܸоԼ񶼱ǣ£ɹڶĺļ١ͷ󺧣ʹһų֮̋ѡ
ԼδֵһĻڰŹ쳣İŵʱյĹ֮ͫУһĵϢͬǹǹڹ֮ϣĴյնŹʱ֮бһɹϢϢճװΧʱɫͬ䣬͵˺ĹͫһââֱȥϢȫͫɡ
һϢͬˮһ㣬ϵıճȥ㿴һĻɫǣʱҲգһϢɢ
ȻĹͫĶ֣Ĺͫ£׵ѹƣе£һ⣬յ˹ȥ
յ֮Уԭͫʱģ·ǿһ鲻Խ˵һϵתʮĻꡣ
ϵгֵ˲䣬ȥ𶯣ơ
㣡һԺžѹͬǿյӣ𺳲ѡԼǵʵҲﵽ֮ȴ㱻ȡ˻ǣҪǱˣס˫ͫ
𺳵ʱһɹȶһɭɭĸо˲䲼䡣Ϣ㲢İոʱϢ
ڶϢδȶʱյȴбһϢϢŨѪȣϢһֵʱռʱѪһƬ
Ϣͬʱ֣ʱײռ£
д󺧣Ѫ֮ź˵ϣô£
ʱȻҲӽָмߣ˵ѹ֣ѹ֣ϷڲףΪʲôЩ˶ôȤԭԵʡ
ϣô£Ѫôϣǿȿ˿ڹôܵĽ棿żʵ
ҡҡͷĹͫʱѹƵס
϶գͻȻ˵С˿ɲ򵥡ֻĹͫǻѪ֮ϣ֪Ǹǻ
Ѫ֮㶢źʵżɻ
껪ʥ屻ΧɱһѪ塣һΪֲѪ֮ϵ˵
˵Ѫ壿ɴ۾Ŀź˵
ҡҡͷǵδأֻϳ˾Ѫ֮ĪԨԴе֣
ţ
ûһ˿Ѫ֢״˵ӵѪ֮㲻ѪˣѪ˵
üգյΧһһڵڶ֮䣬յױ顣
ͬ֬㽿ˮļ¶⣬͸ŵ˼ĺΡ欻𱬵İݵ쾡££һԼͦȻѩȻԲę͹һĻȡ۹⻬޳ȱ¶⣬ɫ֬ʸеĻۿˬϸǲӯӯһգƽ̹۵Сûһ˿׸⣬󱳹
ĿɿڴõΪ֮ĳ㽿Сһɹɻ棬ȻδȫɣȴѾĻǧ̬ջ
Ŀתע£յĹ⻬󱳣֪ʱһѪɫߣͬһ㣬յĺԣͷβͲϵɨҪƵģȴֵ档
㿴ֵ㶵ĿգյĹģ֮䣬ϱӿͬʱյͷҲͬȾƵģѪ֮ɫ
ѪƮ¶ڿռ䣬һĸоһħŮƵģɭϢѪɫӿΧϵϵ
ϿһüͷʱҲ̲סʵϣĻ
ҡҡͷףҴû
̾һϻֱֱĶգֲϣҲһˣΪϲĿ˼Ů塣
һƳ㣬ŮŮСˣҲֻô뵽Ƿȥı飬վһƽϣٴλصָС


416 Сɱ¾
һѪѪ⸲ϣĻûһѪɫףŷӵͼװսİףհ͹µǰ͹̣ɢżջһͷѪɫƮ˼ħŮһ㣬ħԴɢаĻ
עУͻȻ֣ǰһץһһϢȻıץһ㾪ȵעУıһ𣬼ױƣ𺳡
͡
ԭͬǿһӣʱȻȾһ㵭ѪɫѪɫոֻһ˿ȴԽԽ࣬鲼ͫϱһɱ¾ѪȵϢϢ֣ʱͬѪһѷ֧飬ɭĸо壬ǰյͫѪ죬ѪƮ֮䣬ɱ
Ѫ۾һۣоԼͬ˱һһɴ̹ǵı鲼ȫһۣһ֮Ĵʧȥ
ѪɫɱƬ̼ڵķͱոڷӺȻͬʱڿն𣬽²̤һƬѪƣһȥ
㣡סģŮ˱Ѫ֮Իǡ϶ȵ
ͷϽ׷ȥոյɱоˣȶɭɱѾռյꡣմʱȥ¡
£յٶȴԶԶҪǿ㼴ʹƴ׷ȥҲ׷
ģһ䣬ٶٴһӡ
׷ȥʱ򣬱ѪɫװգȴͻȻһĹ֮СսĹɫһ䣬ٶ͵һᡣ
Ȼ˹֮еע⣬һմȵ󵨣졭
ڴȣǵע⵽ʱ˽ȥǰֵһȫѪƵŮˣŮʮĻ󣬿ȫȴɭɱһۣ͸о˱Ƶģһɿ־ĵײƵӳ
һյĿתֻǱտһۣѪɫȻ͵ıը̻ͬһըһò̵Ѫ֮
ɱ֮һŹȥȻǺݵˣ춯һӶհΧ
ƺ˿ûע⵽ЩƵģǰȥ
վסһŮˣо쳣ͬʱŭһ

һ£ҲըѪܣһľֵעա
ɨһЩӰ͵гһڰ׽Ѫɫޣһɨ˹ȥЩȻյУȴһ㣬һ屬ըѪɢռ䣬汻ȾһƬѪ죬Ѫζ˱Ƕ
һǰÿһһУ̤һѪ֮УѪɫƮһħŮѪȣ
Щħһգ;ˣһǣɱȫգܣ˫Ѫɨ֮䣬Щһը
Ƭ̼䣬ѪɺӡмһĻˣ˵һ˿Ѫɫһѡ
ס֣ܳŵѪ⣬ʹսɫҲһƬҰףθҺתͷգ־ȫ־帲ǣһ޵ŮӣȻȫɱɱͬˮ
ȻûĻһɨ֮䱬ըɱ˾ͬһһжôɡһЩͱһĻŷˡ
ħħ
ҪɱңҪɱң
һܲѹĴûжãһҽеıը
ס֣ŭȵһȭʮɵպ˹ȥ
սʵȻ۶ʵһȭһۼݺݵĺյؿڡ
ĿתĹ֮ͫһѪ⣬ѪֶһȭͷȻըѪ䣬ҽеͬʱյٴһѪ⣬ѪؿڣؿڱըһѪҽһ˵ڵϡ
һ۶ĴڣյоȻֶ
׷ÿһĻѪɺӣѪζ鲼Ĺ㾪תͷգմʱȴͬһɱһһɱһըѿ
ܿ죬ۡͱɱĸɸɾ
ڴʱоϢɫһ䣬պС㣡
ձ㾪Ŀ͵ת㣬Ѫɫ¶ɱɫյģоվȻҲɱ⣬ȻѾȥǡ
յͫѪ⣬ȻҪ㡣Ǿ׼ʱȴѪ֮ͫоþòԭ޵ϣ¶ɫ
ȥһյԭѪ˼֣Ѫб
㣡ߣ㲻Ķ֣ŮǿƲˣϼ뵽ȻںɱŶڿѹƲЩɱ
㲢û뿪ѪԽԽأżѡǾǣֳôһĻεءҪѾϹˡ
¶ʹ֮ɫѪɢۣȻ˼
ҵ޲ߵʱյѪͻȻֻڱ˲䣬͵תһһ˹ȥ
Ѫһ߸ϵӿѪӭȥһıĵֵĿա
ħŮס֣ŭдׯϴ֮Уշѹȥ
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״ӽָȡһߣհְסյѪҲʧһɶѪɫͷı
յĻûһ˿Ŭ۾Ͼͱˣ浾ı㱧ţһ˿ոѪɱħķ緶
ڴʱм˸ϵһ
˸ϵŵϵһƬѪ⣬ǶֶϽųʲôĵǣЩ̲סһĿֱֱעˡ
һϵߣǺȵ꣬ħŮɱˡ
ߵĺȳ⣬üͷ㻳еŮգɻʵô£


417 
㿴һ˵壬Ȼȥ֮˵
δ˵һϵ˾Ѿȵȥɱô𣿡
Ŀתߣŭȵ˭
ССҶǲҵӷɱҲͰˣˡǣԩ޳ȻѪϴĸۡߺһŭѡ
ʥʦ˲ߵݣŸʥʦ˵Ǹʥʦ˼ǣ
£ʥʦȵӽ£ݲ
Ҫǲˣ㶢Ÿʥʦա
ɲ㣡˵꣬ʥʦ̤ǰһưǿߣһۣҲ̤ǰһɹưС
üһˣŵйһ֮ԵŸϣԼŵĸϣǿߣҲھݵλˡ
ʱҲ̤ǰһ˵㣬°ɡһѪϴϴ飬㱣סġ
ߵҼҶ㱣סҲ붯
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Ȼʥʦ˵ҾеˣȻҴѵʥʦҪԽ޴Ҳɣһ
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ЩһۣǰĿʥƿ֮һǿ˵ò˵óĶ󡣿ǣǲ̰ЩҪһСĻǻתأǱѪϴȥ¹⣬ĸǹһ˿ѪͳҪǲҪ
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ĵ׵ѪȴܲóмȴܺԣΨһİ취ӣֻҪӳǣͺϵ֣ܰȫ֡
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ʥʦһ㶣ɫ˱䣬֮һҵˣҲҪץôɹϡǵδ̫ʿˡ
˵䣬ʥʦҲһ˵סǡעһ㣬ʵʩչطܴﵽ𡣡
仰һ˵˵ͷΧ룬ϼ״̾һҲӪ֮Сʥʦȴ
űΧм㣬ɫĪȭͷţʥʦ״˵ʵĳȻţҪǸҶҶ֣һιܼҪµǣʱһ仰ܼ׶༪١
һ仰ɫ䣬ȭͷţųе㣬Īԭ׼غ׳ǵģû뵽һ飬벻ʲôõİ취


418 Ӳ
ҪսǾս㶢һǿߺȵ۾дѪ죬ô㶼ܰսȥϣȷʵˡǣԼƵģҪһĳͷĻҲˣҪ汻Щߣ׶༪١ԸոձıŰЩ˺пܰոˡ
ȻԼһôôеˡǻӵģգҲա˵ĶԴιأںֻԼŮܰȫȫġ
ߣ㵱浲סô𣿡һǿŭȣЩ֮УҲСŸѾʹﵽСԲﵽ˰𣬶ϸаʵһȺ˼ܵסģҲ˵ɱӷ塣Σ
ϸоϢڲϵ̾һ˵ִˣֻܱǸˡ
˵꣬ϵƾշѹϳֵͬʱǿߵҲ㱬һɹȵѹ£ֲƱӿ£ƽ£ռ䲻ϵ䶯һҪѹ档
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һ˶ˣĪȭͷţҪְ㣬ȴʥʦסʥʦ£ǻҵһλҪǶԸʥʦ֣˭֪᲻һıñӡ
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ϣŸϣ֣սپʥʦ˵ȻĳЩˮ
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ϵĺ¡һ˵ͷΧϵߣϿ˵㣬ҪǻִԲ򣬾ͱϷ򲻽ˡ
ͽ̣㶢ϣɫ˿ûзʡ˼
۹󣡡Ϻһӡʼһϱ糱ˮһ㲻ϵӿ䶯ϣ䶯ÿռ䲻ϵߡӿͬʱǿߵҲͬˮһӿϵǰ
ֲһ𣬿ռ䲻ϵߡ䶯֮ѿռڣͬһ޴򣬶ӡͬʱͻȻѿѿ۳໥ƣһֻǾ޴ͷľͷ֮䣬ռһѷ졣
۹ǵ۹Сڵ۹һݵλ˱ѧһ󷨡۳ÿʯѽ֮ͬʱռ֮ϼ㣬һ飬㻹Ҫִ𣿡϶㡣
㶢ǰľдŻϢɫأӡĽ
ϼˣ̾һ˵˵ͷһɹٴα֮Уܱߣռҵ𵴣ӿ쫷籬䣬ߣ̲֮סڸһŸо·
𣡡
޺ȣЦƾоңҲ̫Сˡ
ŸϺߵһлÿʮҿεסһУǾҪ㡣
Բѣһһҧڵıӿ



419 
ƵľɶһͼСһУкͼбһɫ
΢ǣ֮⣡
ĺ£ɹͬʱͼ֮е΢һſŷǣ۳ɱǣ߱һǹӣռǳֵʱһȵӿӿͬʱһϢɫĹâ㳹ײƣ͵ıɾ޴ǵأϹⱬӿľȥ
΢ıǣֲϢΣռһŸϵ˼һţɫһ־֣Ƿʹ
ƣŭһתȥ;ײһ
䡭
쳹գ˿̣ۡɽ緢һ㣬ֲĳ˲ռĳԲɢռһѷ֣ͬʱ棬ͬѿһ޴ѷ죬еһжݻ١ٲȻһĩհľ
͵ĳλǿϣһ³һѪҺ¡¡ľ𶯵ǶĤʹֲĳŰ֮ƽϢһЩ
˿Ϊƽأѷĵ棬һһŵĿһĻʹǸʥʦϣϵ𺳶ΡȻһֱ߿㣬ȴû뵽ܱ˿ֲһоȻôǿߣǲ˼ġ
㶢һȺ˴ȣһǵѪҺѹڷѪһ΢֮УĹâֱֱĶˡ
һ˼ˣһۣһļµĿ־壬̲סһ
ʥʦһǿ߾Ȼסһ׼Գֻ֣ʱվһЦʥʦ֮飬ǲʲôǺúÿŰɡ
㡭ʥʦһϺһҪá
ϵ˵ͷѹͷѪɫءԷϣҪƾЩˣ㣬м䡣һȫǷӣѪ۾ȫһѪ̬˭ȥҧ˭һڡ
뵽⣬ϴӻȡһɫƣʱȴһӴѹѹ֮ƣһӰ֡
Ӱɫ䣬ʥʦ˸ǸϽڵϣ񣺡ӭ£
ɫҲĺѪɫû뵽ⳡ򶷾Ȼһλˣ֮бȫƵӰзݡ
ɣȴѹϢ
ռֵǼ䣬类һ㣬һԵѡΨɫľֻ
Ӱ˵仰һĿɨϣĿɨϺоԼѪҺᡣ
ɡȴŲɡ
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ձ˦ʱһɫ˹ȥ㱻ݺݵڵϣһ졣
ھպӰûһͣ˲ͺʧ֮ϡ
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˿ƺҪ˵ģվû˸ҳ֣λȻ֪ʵ˵Ѿֲˡϼģһ۵ϵ㣬Ÿʥʦ˵ʥʦˣѾ´ߣȻСǻﲻ
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ڸʥʦ뿪һ˵˵ͷ㣬һߡ

ʹһλνǿƣͼ΢£죬źõ߰˰ˡõ߰˰˵㣬еѪһֱûˡ
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Ҷ˵ħħɱ¾£ɱ¾¡ͷҲص˵ңʹ£汼ȥ
ĵ׺ȻһҪʲôǻҵķѵɱʹɣСӣķ˲ɣ
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̾һָָ˵Ҫˡ
һ㶣漴üףû취ͳ𣿡
ҡҡͷ췴Ҫܲܣο췴ʮ̾һڵһλҲĶ֡
˵仰ﺰȥ֪ͨҶ˼ֻҶ˼пȰס
˵仰̾һ뵽Ǿ仰ħħɱ¾£ɱ¾¡һ﷢һͷࡣ
ո˵⻰ģĵ׾ͷһħ˰ɣ
뵽⣬һ£Żʹķ򼲳۶ȥҪȥʹǾֻ·һҪס顣


420 ɱʹ
ϵʹſڣʹû״һСӻеִģ˷顣ڻʹ֮⣬뿪ʱģɵǲѣһһɲĸо
ˣǶһɡСӷ֪ʲô顣̾һ̾һ׼ȥ˿㡣ǣ׼뿪ʱĿ⿴һһ֮۾ɵϴ˴ԭأһɺֱͷǰһĻˣ
ոջзִһȴû뵽һ
ǰ棬ʮ˱ƣЩһ¶֮ɫɫ԰ףͬһѳʵĺɢűĺ۾ͨ죬ȳЩ˲ϵŻʹķЩ˶һ㣬ǵʹǵϣһѪۣ˸ϼӿ첽ӣŻʹķ첽ȥ
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ĴһΪ׵ӡ۹ĻӴ඼ڻʹǸص֮СǣȴΩ⣬Ӻ֮ǰͱΪү
۹ʵ۵˼ԣ˼˵˺ͻλԵˡڻ˵ⲻ֪ǸǻǺʣ˼ʹͻλԵǱϾǻʵ۵ѪȻŻʹЩѪܣоԴˣˡЩЩѪ֮УȻͬţһ
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СʵǲǳɱеңҪȻ˭Ҳסҡ㶢ŶԷ˵
仰ɫ˱䣬˵֪֪ǻʹ
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㡭˱ŭȴû˿취ֱֱĶ㡣
ڴʱߣһͬɫ׵ϱƿÿһ֮뵽ϵĻ˵ԶԶǿڿȷʵˣڻʹ֮ڣһ˿ֲ
˰Χ룬ѹȥɨЩһۣȥЩ˲Ŀ꣬Ŀǻҵһλ
һȺȺ˼ǰߣЩ㣬ȴ˿Щ֮Уʮֹ˼ɡ



421 в
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Цһһƹȥ
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Ҳ˵е䵽һҵϣҳԱ˲ͱըѪҳһƬ䵽ڵϵϣѪζ鲼
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۹ʵ۶㣬˵ͰɱɡȻ壬޲ںһگ˵Ǳжѣ
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Ҷ˼ƺ֪ʲôתͷͶһҡҡͷȴûи͡


423 ʵ۶Լ
ϷΪӦô۹ʵ۶˵
һ˵ɷһӣŹΣ
Ϸ˲úЦɱ޵Ľʿңʹκһ򵥵˵Ź㵱޺۸ɣ۹ʵЩŰֲѹӿת
ѵ治ġ㵱ΪԼܿƵסѪǲɣ˵˵ڶѪʮֹעҪ֪µ뷨Щͺ¿Ź¡Ȼйǿתǻָ˼ʵܶԸЩ𣿡
̫Լһ취ܸı䣬ȻЩΣաǱѪҪõĶࡣ˶ټ˵ѪһʥؽѪеɱ֮ȻȲѪǡǴµȴǴ´ˡңѪǣΣϵҪСĶࡣҲǰлȱͺ¿Ϊأ˵
Ѫ壿۹ʵЦ˼Ϸ˺ôĿȻмʵȥѪȴҲϷ˵ľ磬ӦѪĿֲɡ
ЦȻ֪Ѫ崫ԶţҶԻ֣ʵȻΪ壬Ϸ˻ĺôĸǿһ˲Ѫ塣ǣûнбȥӲӲµɱѪѪֲ̫ʹѪÿһʱ䶼Ҫķѹºβ㡣
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Ҷ˼̧ͷգȻ˵ӰȴܼƲʱĪҪ㿴ĻܿƲ֮йâʱʱƲʱɢ
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˶ͷʱܲܲͬʱһĪѹƲ֮иǶ£ѹ£ֱоѡ
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ǵصĺƲ۳渲ǶµԽԽǿо
һĻɫҲ˱䣬ҧҧݣӰһ͵ļա̶ʱ䣬Ҳ뵽Ʋ֮СһĻҪܿĻȻᾪ˭뵽ҲֲֲΡ
Ҷ˼Էе𺳡ƾŤתռ䣬ɵƲ֮бƶܸǵҪôֲ룬ѹһ㶼ںԼɱңɱ塣ȫס档
˵һս֪˭ʤҪϷʤһж˵Ҫǰ˵Ļǡ
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424 ѰҴ̼
ھ뾩ǲԶһɽۣһٸһӣŲֱֱ˵𣿡
ӿǰŮӣ§ȥҪ§УٸȻĶ㿪Щ޺޵Ķǰ˵˵ʲôʲôȥÿȥҿûϡ
ٸˣӿһ͵ЦӣһӼ״Щεǰٸ˵ɩű뷨Ҵľٶܶ˶ţжҲ̫㡣
ܣ㲻ҪΪ˵ûҾǾûаϡģҵôãȴֻֿٸӣͬЩ
Ӽ״εʼ磬ٸ˵·ԼѡģȻѡˣҪȥɩô˵𣿡
ٸĬһ֮Ŷ˵Ϊʲô˭߳ɹˣ󻹲ǵûȥܣǵǶԵѡǾˣ
ӿٸ˵ҪһʵڲУظǵ·ǡңΣߵĸԶġ
ٸ仰̾һһƢȴǲ˵ܣһȥҿɲĳЩûĵˡ
ٸ仰תͷӣӵ˵ͷ˵ȥɣҲ棬ҲСһ㡣Ҳã
仰ӵ˵ͷٸ˵ɩ߰ɡ
ٸ¶һ˿ЦݣȻˣǻûǺݺݵĹһۣźգƬ̼ʧӵС
ӼʧεЦЦŮ˰
Ȼ仰Ӳҵٸ˵Ҫ˵Ͽ϶ǹ°壬ϲˡ

ھǣ֮ϣһ֮ϣֲƴƲ֮бƲʲϱ飬顣ֲĿռѷ첻ϵĸ֣ʱʱıҫ۹âΪĿģѹĩƵġ
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ٴһ죬类˺ѿƵģһƲ˺ѳ룬ѷУһڵѷƾճ֣̫Ĺ˲䱻ڵסƺһ˲䶼˺ڰ
ھǵĿ类֮һյͬʱӰҲϼӰҶ˼ɫ˱䡣
վߵʱһǱѪҺɫ԰ףŹȵֲΡΡȻһսˡ
Σ۹ʵۿ˵˰ɡ
ŵ۹ʵۣһѪҺ³Żһŵ۹ʵ˵²ţֻǵʵָɡĹҲоѹֱ»ת֮ҡ
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С㣡ӦΪ֣Ҳˡ˾ˣñ˵䲻ԣǻȥɡҶ˼˵С㽫Ҫ꣬ǾȥǱС˵Ȼ⡣
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仰Ҷ˼˼ּɫôҲ֪ߵغ񣿡
ûлشҶ˼תͷ۹ʵ˵£ɱңҲܱ֤һĵ۹ҵһŲţ
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Ȼ޵СҪԸ㣬ȴʲô̫ѵ顣۹ʵЦЦ˵˶ϰɡҲһЩ㣬Ըȫʬ
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׼׵ʱһ͵𣺡ºð̫һЩר󡣺Ǻǣ㵹ɱԣұ֤һ̣ʹͻҷ𡣡
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۹ʵۿ߳ӣͬ𺳲ѡӣǿֲȻǳ
㣿㿴ӣо̲סڣǸֲˡ
СһԲǵҡǺǣԭΪ´μҪþã̲סҪ㣬Ͱǿˡ벻СҲ󵨵ģһͿһĻ˵㣬ɵ˵㡣ӺǺЦ
ɵ㶣дһȴЦʮ㣬ǸⲻҪҵ̼ԵĶ̼ĹͷЩղسѡǸҷǰЩ컹˧˧˧ˡ
ʱɲҪܲ˭Ը
ֻĻǳ鴤һѰҴ̼ѰҴֳ̼ѣҪģǲ½ˣ


425 㲻ʸв
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۹ʵ۳Ĭһ֮˵ȻˣǾ̸¸Сո޺λϷ˶ԼһΡʤߡܣߡ
νĵͷͰձ˵ɡ
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Ϊ֮ǣЩһδʧϱĵطð˳ϢͲ
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ؿռ䣬ֻдﵽǸ
ӿֵĺշѹɫļΪѿٲһ˿Сӣڵıӿ



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һͬȥ۹ʵеĳϻ裬ÿһκͺһ𣬾޴ĳڵ۹ʵܣʯɷ档񱩵ĺɲϵıſֲľϯ۹ʵ۶ȥ
۹ʵɫأһۻҵӰڵ֮ĿΧĹʯ˲˺ѳɷĩ
ӸֶǰϱĺǺЦ⣬ڵ۹ʵ۵أԵ̫ɡ

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ҡҡͷҪı˵ڣҲᶯ֡Ѫǵıǲ֪ҪѪҺһĻûԸ⿴


427 ˽
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ʲô취㼱ٵʵֱֱĶӣһ˿
ϹʱڣһλѪǣһûбһΡǹɱ֮ǱƿأΪʱǿ֮һ˵ҪĵͳѪǻһ߿ܿơ
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˵⣬ϧѣ漴ҡҡͷתͷһա
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428 Ͻ
׿Ⱥ壬޳ͦΣʹľɫȻںһҶ˼ŮĿ壬һ̳Ů壬Ҷ˼Щ룬ԭЩԹĽڻŮ˵ԶǸԵġƽˮݡҶ˼òϣһ̵㣬ûɬ·ϣƵġ
Ҷ˼Լô뷨ȴòϣ뷨ԡҶ˼ʱ룬ԼǲǾɢʸƭġ
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Ȼ㲢㣬ǿҶ˼Ҷ˼ûеǷӭ㡣Ҷ˼κһζҪ񣬻Ĵ̼ɡ

Ҷ˼ڵû˿̱ϣһ˵Ҫˣ
ֱǰŮˣĿֻɨܼ˵̲ס˼һŮһһԼһΣҪǶУĻ˶١
ܸңλϷ˵ġ꣬͵ûȥʲô˼𣿡ŵĵǡ
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Ų𣿡Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼˵ʵ֪Щɱġһֱܣڷ֣ЩǱܲģֻԼȥԡ
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Ҷ˼ҡҡͷҲǾһԱǣҲˡԼйأû˵ʥԤԣʥϹʱһ棬ԤԵÿһ鶼ˡ˵ѭֶοֲ֮ʣǲľǴʱħҲˣϵĵͳͬһӿ˵ʥһԣҲɹˡ
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Ҷ˼ҡҡͷ֪ԤֻᵽҵĵͳǾʲôȴ֪
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Ҷ˼ͷſ˵ʲôվûм

Ѿˣǰ㣬ԭ֮ĿԼˡ
仰о۵ձţһ˵˵˵ʲôǻźúõģ
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429 ׼죬ỳ
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Ҷ˼ȻҲ뵽㣬ո˵ڣ͵ͷѯҶ˼Լ뿪صʱȴҶ˼ҡҡͷģҲûʲôԸҡ
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430 ıΧ
һ·ŶϷ·ߵĲǺܿ졣ڵʱڿҪﵽһСǵʱڱһȺߵ˵סһȺ˿Ҳ˵ƾշѹ
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431 ΢۾
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ռ״̲סЦŵڵϵĽ˳ߵ˼šȻһģݵĿǰ꣬оƮƮġ



432 ˶
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ָ㶯֮䣬һ׭ת֮ķ׭ԶԿˡЩ׭ҪǸ谵˴壬֮£дá
ʱչѸ٣ܴһԸķ׭ϴĹ׵ĹȻ׵Ч㿴ǲ˼ġڴͳߣΪ塣
Ͽܱߵķ׭Ҳѣû뵽Ȼ˶ķ׭ľ֮Уתķ׭ʮȼ׵Ű˽ȥ
׵绮գ񱩣֮ϣϵϢȥ
Щſ֮׵磬ԭһɫ䣬Щ׵ӭȥ
䡭
һ죬׵糤ջ룬ǵľһɢ񱩵ͶԷһ𣬱Ŀֲ棬ɳ
ɳͬʱֵס׵ߣҲĵɳȥݺݶڵϣɳС
ϿŶԷһͰѾˣٴβƵʮŷ׭ɫʮѿԭԼƻĺúõġõطʩչطȻŶԷ
ǵһһпֲˣƻաǰ֣ɶǾӢȴԷķ׭ˣΧķ׭϶ԷŶš
ȻЩ׭£һһ
Ķ㣬û뵽һ֮ҵߣһӱߵĽκβˡ̫ԤˣΪȱļƻʱȴ׾ٵıԷˡ
»ԳֵĺáҶĲ࣬Ƿ׭ࡣ׭˭۸˭١۾ŶԷ˵
һ仰øɫ˱䣬ŵͼԿһĶûСȻŰʵǶԷҲնɱ
еս׶༪١ԼȻܱʩչطǣԷ϶ҲŹԼ
ģ
ϵһ䣬֪ˣӦԼȳ֡ƳԷʩչط֮ӣ֮ѹ󡣿ڣְ취Ҳˡ
ڸüͷʱ򣬼ҽ͵쳹ա͸תͷȥյߣżֲɱ֮һ룬ѪҺƮһأɢŴ̱ǵѪζ
ռ㿴˵С˵ץв㡣ϣˡ
һ仰һ˵İ֮·޵У̲סһҪŮ˿ԼˬҲԸԼĻǡ
뵽⣬̲ס¡ʱŷ֣ѪǵĿֲ



433 
Ȼ޷ɱ֮Ϊ˴α֮ͫҲѹɱ֮ɱ֮ղáǣҪ˺ֻҪͫѹͻıȥ
ԣȻսУǷȴĿֲ⻹ֻͫѹϴαһɱ֮㶼޷յѪҪȫǺεȿֲ
ͬգűѪҲļɵһһ㣬վҧߵĽɫߣ
ɫжŸϺˣµ
ϵһ˵κε𣿻ʱ䣬Ǵӳ顣
ϵĻɫŲĵĵͷһӣһϻΧ
һȺ˾Ȼʼ뿪Ц߾ߡҲ̫ҷˡ
ѵ㻹Ϸ򲻳ɣϺһ
㵹ǲһЩġ˵꣬еķ׭һϰٵ׭˺ȥʱҲץյ֣Զߡ
͵ֱɡ
ϰٵ֮׵£һڽɫ䣬һӿ׵ȥֻ׵֮Ϳ񱩣£ֵܶס׵ĺϣһҽһıȥмʵƫߣ˶
䶨֮󣬸ϿųеĽɫøΪѿдϻƣһЩѾ䱻УһЩˡ
뵽ոϰٵ׵ͬʱĿֲһѾ֪ȥӰһŽɫ˵ˣЩû˵ĽϷ򡣡
ǣɫй˵

˲̾룬뵽ոһȼϰٵ׭㻹Щ۵ġܸԷһǮյֵˡ
㣡ȥռһֱϷ򣬲ɻʵ
Ц˵ǣ
ȥʲôɻ㡣
·Ц
·㶣漴ʲôۿ˵Ҫȥ۹
ʼҪΪأ۹ǻܴȥ𣿡
ճĬʹһ۹Ͳ̫ʺȥˡֻǣҪǰ۹еѹ֡
һֱΪ۹տ˵
仰뵽үü۹ʵۻΪҶԸү𣿡
ҡҡͷ⵹ǲᣬǸеġΪҸһߣλ㲻ֵáุ׵ĽӹʹһصСǡûо޴棬۹ʵۻλΪС
յĻһҲǣպС㣬ҶүԵˡ
Сѵɣ㿴ʵ
۹ܲԸΪС˵
Сѵ֪۹ʵҪɱ֮ɱ㡣ѵ
֪ԣֻ˵Ը۹ΪУ޹ءձֱۣȥҸȥ
Ҳֻȥ۹ܱܷͷǺ͵۹ΪСЦԶС㲻õҺүս
仰հһ۵ȻʵȲ㣬о̵ĻҪףʮҲĶ֡
ʼ粻ͣռǰȥȻ˵ǰ۹ǱܱܷͷȴһĿġ

ߵĺܿ죬ڻʱڵ˱ǡ˱ǽ˽ǷѺ̤С˿ں׳ǵǣ㲻ں׳ǣҲ֪ûб
Щʱӭǹϴθӵ緢һȺŮƺƵӭ
һ㶣û뵽ôãո뵽Էͼ˶Է
ȻҲû뵽ڱ㣬˾ȻԭءͻȻվһֵŮҲ˳Ŀ⿴ˡ
ǵĿע⵽ʱһ۾ֱˣ˸̲ס˼ĭм꣬㶵ģһǾùϵգŮˣȷʵĻ˵Ļꡣ
үҪҪ˰һڹֹдż̰ү֮Լܺġ
ûпڣԷΪĬϡеĴϲһ֣˲˼ˡЩ˿ʼֵȥ
СӣŮ˽궢ȵдааЦ⣬Ŀⲻסյת
ɨ˶ԷһۣҲûۿǡ
ľٶʱЩ˸ŭһŭȵСӣûУŮ˽ҪȻȶϡ
ЩЦһаŮľٶĶˡǰľ飬ֻҪԼȵײһЩСϾͻŮ׳
⼸˷ܵǰֻҪߵǰʱȴЦҵЩΪ㶪
һ仰ü˸ϽסŲԷֱ֣ѵʶɣҪĻԼһȺ˾ƥˡ
ӱɫӵ˵
Ĺӹ𣿡ЦѵӻٱһΣ
һ仰ùɫࡣ׳ǷһĻĳ裬ûڱñǵһӣں׳ǱˣôѵŻҪǴȥǵһӵӣᶪһɶ
궼ע͹ɫԹޣɫࡣЩ˶ʱˣԭһﲻǹӵѣЩͷ
ļˣжʱոջδ˵Ļʱ˵˳СӣŮ˽ҪȻųȥ
˵꣬Щ˾ǰҪƿ㡣
״Ҳŭһƹȥ
žһİ걻ȵԭش˼ת׵˵ϡ
˶ô˵ʲôѡŭȵ
һ⣬˶µˣһֱֱĶо˼顣С˭Ȼں׳Ǵˣ󵨵ֵز
ȵϵ³ݣֵĿ㣬һ仰ĿתȴҲûпһۡ
Ӻð˵һ仰
ЦǵûУֻ⼸Ұѵһ¶ѡ
ҵĹġ㣬ź⣬ǱǣǺ׳ǣǲ̫ˣ
ʼҺİѵһ¹Ȼлң°ѹû˸ȥˤ̫̫ˡȺûµӰģ˰



434 
ں׳ǵĴǲҪأ˵̬ȣùñǵһӣҪʰһһ仰ǣһôϻʲô
һĿ⿴㣬СǻĲͷˣȻڱǻ͹˵ڱǣҪһ׾١
˵ɴ۾ǣԭΪᱩŭĹȻǿ˵ӣΪյǸѵͻءҾ͵ʲôû
ʼҪȥûã
ЩϧҪΪԼ飬ص׳ǿ϶թĸࡣңǵĳͬҲܱõΪյ飬ԼİˡһΪһ鷳
ȻˣǾͱҲˡ˵ӵôҵģҾͻô㡣
Цôûһ㴴ʶѵûдʶ㲻֪˵˫ʮĶ𣿿ȣ治֪ôǵһӵġ
Ļɫĸӵѿȵϣȵ㻹ôšһúܴεζġ
仰ûЦ۹ʵ۶ûԼζһǹʲô
Ҳŵǰļ꣬ɨһ˵ÿҳִ֡
Сӣʲôں׳ǹү˵죬ܡǰȫȡոձǸľ飬ȻĽл
ú˵˳һȹȥٶȺ֮죬㶼㲻ˣһϣڲҽУѪˮ³⼸ıڵϣڵϾȻһιȥ
ܵȺһĻһ͵Ŀ㣬ŵЩͷˡǺ׳ǣ͹Ÿɣⲻ
СӣҪˡΧȺͬĿ㣬ֶϽŵĻ档
ˣ̲סԷԼԼˣȫǲȻˣԼҲùǺ׳ǵһӣȰ˵
ڱǹȻʮ㣬ڻ£һȺȺ˰Χ
ûпЩˣǶŹЦҪ
ȣһﻹɵˣڱǻ͹˵
СҪˡ֪ǼҵӵܣԼˣȻܵҲˡ
ǲ֪ߵغ񡣹ʵۣҲý
ȣϧԱߵŮˣôһ˰ֵûһŮˡ
һ֮һ̾Ŀ㣬񲢲ʲô¡
˵ں׳£ڱǣǾҵ¡
ЦҡҡͷܱǸĸ㣬ﶼ¡ƾЩҷԸңǲ̫СˣҲǼƽϣҪ뿪ĻҿԵûз
ϣû˵Ļһ˺
Щ֮УǲмʵˡǣĶָ֣㶯һ£Ǽûз֮ҽ֮ϣһ˳ȥһЩû˵ĿˣһѪۡ
̶̽棬ͰԼߵЩ˱ˣдż־塣Ȼں׳֪Էû뵽ǿֵزȺ˾Ȼûһһ֮ڵġ
ôҪҪǲĻǾðһæ㶢ŹЦ
Ÿոտʼѣ˵ں׳ܽӣڱͬܡ
ڹ£濪ʼĽŲܿУһӶӵʿ˿һĻ𶯲ѣû뵽ܾӶ
㿴źƺƵǧ˵ľӣŹ˵ҪĶԲԣ
־ܰɣҲֻ̫֣ǰѵԴҵĻǡ˵
ЦЩ㲻
ģҲڣ˵
ЦŲţһǰʿɱɾ
һ֮󣬹Ц㣬ҳмʵ֪ӴʲôʵЩʿǣϾǾӣҪɱǡǾ췴λʥʦ¶Źġ
Ϣͨ˰̾һĹЩĪڹУնһЦھ͸㣬ҸҲɱǡ
㻰µʱӰ͵һļʶһ£ʲôʮɱһˡ
㻰£гһңʹһŽʿ˹ȥ
Ϊ׵ͳҲû뵽˸ҶԾӶ֣ӶûмϵֻһӰӴʿ֮Уһ֮䣬һѪҽ
жʱ˴͵һĻھ֮Уһ̤Ų趯趯֮価Ʈݣÿһ趯ܴһѪͬʱһʿ䡣
ҲŵĶһĻ뵽˵־Ͷ֣һѵľһ㶼
ͳ쿴Ŷ̶ʱ䣬ϰٸʿƺھҪʿ̫࣬ͳҲΡ
󣡡ͳ󺰵
󺰵ͬʱȴЦ֪ʱеķ׭ϵĶЩ׭֮ķ׭龫ǵĶСʿ˵ĪɱЩ׭һӰƷһҽвϣζѪζϽĿġ
ȴ֪Ƶģɽɱɿٵ趯趯֮䣬ңҲϤһΡ
Χ۵ˣѾˣоһħ̸ЦһʧУֲΪ֮һ˿Ҫ֪˵˭ڱ˵ĵ̣Ȼ˴ɱ¾
ѾɫҰף뵽ס㡣Ҫ֧ӱɱˣͬĪΡ
󣡡
ͳȴΪķ׭һĳ£ʿ鲻Ч󷨡
ɱ¾ЩʿһɫҰ׵ĵ˳ȥҽӴ㣬ܿЩʿɢӴܡ
ͳһĻ󺧣նɱҪ档ǱɱƵˣ˵ô࣬ŵʿӴ
ܿ죬Щʿӵ߰˰ˣֻһƬѪζڵѪҺѪҺȾ˵ЬӣһɫĿǰ
̶ʱڣǰپʬ塣˿һĻĵߣȴɫƽʲô΢飬˲ѽջأĿת
ԭŹˣĿתһ鲻Խĵ¶ֵҪܿ㡣
޷ɱͬ龰ŵ˵̫ѪȣܽܵģУͱŰ̻˵Ⱥš



435 ƿ
ֱֱĶǰپʬ壬̱ǵѪζɫҰףеĺֱֱ
ӣ
һжðһ뷨һ鲻ԽĺɱӻҲɱˡ
һŹƽ״ͷǿԴ𼸷־ȵʲô
ǿиɵĹ͵ĳָĺ˵Ҫ棬ǵΪֹ
ɫһٱ䣬ȴ˵һ仰Ľ˿
ȻûʲôǾӰһæЦеĿŹӣɡ
Ȼʣ£ֻķԸǰȥ
˿һĻû˸ֹʹǸͳ죬ҲҲ˵һ仰ֻĿմŹ뿪
֪ͨүͳҧݿʧУߵһ
˿ѪȾĴأͬӿһɹɺ⣬ʧķ򣬲֪һﵽ˭ڱǾȻšҪӶɱѵһ㶼˼ɣ
Ųǰż˵۹Źġ
Ц۹ԭͲ׼Źң֪ΪʲôڱΪǵ۹ʵ׷ɱҡ
һ仰ù֮Աǣ۹ʵ۲߸ϵˣôܻ׷ɱһˡǵ۹Ҳܾ۹ʵۡ
ԷţҲ͡ŹųǳصȥҪȥ۹Ҫšǣϳſ϶񱱳һ򿪣ֻùæˡ
ı£ٶȲϼӿ졣ڻ˲ʱڸϵԱߡ
ʿýⶥţǶΪ֮һ㶡ǲİǵСˣڱΪΪĴڡƽڱ·Ǻߣʱȴ½ţһ˳Ƶġ
֪ôʱһϵ𣺡ſһ
仰£һӰźƺƵһȺ˸ϵšųŵʿˣϽغˣ
ſǳûЩʿֱֱĶ㣬еơоԼըˣڱطȻ˸ҶĶӣնɱʿⲻʲôĲ³
ԷԼ¶׹⣬ΪЦЦλǹɣҪæҪܾ
ǳһ벻һţһвĹ˵Ҫʲôط
ոĶҲ˵仰ǣСЦеĿűǳҪǹԲ˵ϻ
㡭ǳ㣬֮Ż˵ſһк
ûʲôģ򿪳ţҷҪȻ㶢űǳ˵֮Ľǰƽһ㣬ĲϳһѪۣѪҺ͸
ס֣Ľ⻹Ҫѹȥǳ̲ס
ǺǣͨˣҪͨˣǾɡ㿴űǳ˵
ǳ㣬ɲƽĽ⣬һҧʿˣϳš
ǣЩʿϽǰ˨׼š
׼򿪳ţ׼ŵʱһͬʱ׷ɱĸϴźƺƵ˸˹
Щˣǳ΢΢һ㶣Ͻǰϡ
ǳ֪ʲô飬ȻѸ϶رǱǳվŵǣǾ쳣Щ˾ȻǽڽǳҲǱߵĽǾ˵ʥǳ쳣֪ԼʲôȻûʵ۶ˣһɹɵ亹ӱǳĶͷð
Ͽһ۱ǳ˵㲻ܷţǱµҪ׷ɱˡ
һ仰ñǳһͷ󺧡ֱֱĶ㣬Ų֮ɫһȻǻʵ׷ɱģʲôˣȻʵ۵ۣɳ˽͸ϡ
ͬ˫ۣǰ꣬벻˵ģȻʵ׷ɱѹںɱپˣʵ۶ǵˣپʲô
Լƣôһӡ֪ʵ۶׷ɱôҲڱǵԸ
㣡ղĿɺáϿЦ
ͬЦûλ׷ɱҳԵĺã˯ĺá
ǺǣµľǲһжΪֹˡЦգҶȻȥ
ʼ㲻ɱ𣿡
ϿһеĹЦ¹治ǰֵˣ˱ǶŪô󶯾
û취ȻɱϳţǴ򿪳šǣ̫к֮£ԸɱԣֻùӰæˡʼЦ
һ仰ù˶ǳ鴤һ£֮ɱ˵ˣȻ˵к֮£
ϵǼʶ޳ܣҲΪȻ˵Ȱ·ŹӣץҲ޼¡
ǿδأЦűǳ˵ǰɡ
ǳٴǰƽɫ˱䣬ɫһ󺰵ȵȵȣ
һʱ䣬һʱ仹δ򿪳ţͱҶˡЦ
ǳĶ㣬ȴòתͷ˵ˣְֻһӣ
üͷһ۱ǳǲԸһķ⽮رķ⽮ǣԼٴѡ
ҲԸ⡣ֻǣΪ󰡡㿴̾һ
ˣǳͻȻֱֱĿ˵ְһӣƽձĲУˡ
ϼǳԼ£Ͻǰʲô˵
ҪǲӦְͲǳֱֱĹڵϡ
㣬ȴЦ档
ͳ죬ô϶ͷʵ
ͷüͷ˵ǵʱ䲻ˡ
һ仰ϵ˵ͷ֪λͳʲô˼
ΥɡҪΪѡ˵
ˣҡ
ǳ׼˵ʲôȴͳϵѵҪɡ
³ңǳһ
ȻңǹɡˣһŹԹҪˡҪǱǹҲҪųնĽ
һ仰ñǳЩĻֻ벻ͨǣ㵽ʲôûʵԹ޵顣
ˣǳŽͷ졣
֪ͲҪ֪ɫĺȵڱǳӲϲǱµĴɣҲܹʵģұɱϢҲھڲ


436 ɽ
ǳԷ׳ǣһһţһеĹҧվվһԡ
λ۳ûУҪλûоĻֻбǸˡ㿴űǳЦҲϷŵѪġ
˵꣬ڹϻһѪ۳֣ҽУһѪҺǳпŵ۲Ѫ˿Ķȵһ
޹ʼ磬űǳ˵ܱǸողСֶһ¡ԽŴ̵ϡ
»Ƿ˹Ӱɡвҡ϶˵
ЦвǱǳһвһµġС㣬Ȼǲţȥ
յͷ첽ȥǵʿҪסգЦЦ˵ǿҪˣ̤ǰһҾҪǹӵ֡
ЩʿֹסŲתͷ򱪳ǳǳҲ˵Щʿǲա
ͳʱУס
ͳ첻òôҪǳ˱ǣɣҪʰ㣬ָ鷳ˡ
һȺųŷӿȥһȻ뿪սУԷҪסգͬ˳š뵽⣬Ҳ飬һŹնȥһն£ҵĽֱ۱ն£ѪҺ䣬ɢһƬȾ档
Ҫ˭һһֱۡ㵭˵
ǳԼ谮ĶӶһֱۣѣơǣٴòŭһס֣
˵֮Ӱһڽǰֲ񱩶Щס
ʲôΥɣͳŭȵû뵽ǳȻ
ǳͷ죬ҧ˵ҲܿŻҵǰ
㡭˵ʲôȴֵסűǳ̾һΪͻŹĺӲɣ
ǳҲ˵תͷĶ㡣ʼģֻҪҳ˱ǣȻ㣬λµ屣֤
仰Ͳðܻµ屣֤˵ĳڡ
ǵ˵Ļǳȵ
ȻЦ
ϼǳǰ棬̾һǳǰҪȻҲס档ʱЩЩΪֻܿմ򿪳š
Ͳ±¹𣿡
ǳ˵ֻһӣºԸǳλãҲԸ
ǳô˵ҡҡͷվûм˵ʲô
ϳŴ󿪣ʼŹһųſŵʱպ㣡Ųţ
㿴˵Ȼţѵǻһ׸ɡ
˵꣬ץݺݵųǽλ˹ȥӺˡ
ǳǽķд󺧣ҪײϳǽԴᱻ״÷顣ǳҲûй˼ɣֲӿѵǰĽ俪ٶȷӵ£Ź۶ȥ
ȫһǳǰĽһѪɳȥڳǰһ·յ֣첽ܳš
ϵҪ׷ȥǱǳȫһ£ֹס˽Ųֻܿճ˳šǳʱҲץס˹ȣ漴ӿֹѪֻǶ˵ֱۣɫʮѿ
Ͽűǳ
ǳվ˼ɶԷϵݣŬƽϢеŭ𣺡к£
ѵ뱨𣿹ҪǺһ֣ǾͲ»㱨ո顣˵
ϷģСҶȻҪնɱǳѹݸһʿԸ󣬶˵߰ɣ
ϴϲһǿ߼룬ǳɹʴԭֻа˳ɰաžųɾסˡ
϶Žͷ˵ͷһ˳˳ţ׷ȥ
ճ˳ţͿ첽Զɽ˽ȥڿտĵطԷ׷Լɽ֮УǾײĶˡ
һδǰ϶Ӫӿֲ϶Űʰ㡣ⲻò˼ɡ
㣡Խɽ۹·;Զˡѵ
ͷҲû취źöԷ׷ɱ
ô˵ŵͷţڴд岻ϡ
ǳһ׷ȴӰӣĴһ˵ɽײһЩ϶ɽˣ׷
仰˵˵ͷһ첽ɽ׷ȥ
ɽУŴֱɽ˺ֿңһĿ꣬ϷźšһΣѷɡ
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Ŀֲѹ£ҰܵţڵϡȻǿĸ֪еһж֪ԺСҪһĻȻҳ
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㣬һǴ˲١ȥܰҳտ˵
˵ͷ˵ǷҡȻ·޵УΣա
ǣǵ˺ܶ࣬ѹΧȥֵܹᷢġ̾һ
ûм˵ʲôź˵ϣûʲô취
ǰʮﴦһϿȣϿһˮˮɽ֮ˮ˳ˮɽܶ׷ɱͻȻ˵
ˮϲź·֮·߿첽ȥ
ʮľ룬㳤ֻһӶ£Եʮֳġ˲ʱ󣬲ʮ
ҪϵǸϿȵʱȴֽϿȵΨһһ·߸ס㿴ߣüͷ壬ʱҲô죿
㿴ߣ֪ɨɨԱûбߣĵһݵɵǡ
ն˵Ա߿϶бҪǲ̵ʱɵǣҪǷźţȻᾪˡʱǻΧС
ͷףģͨѣܿٵĸɵǡ
ô˵˵ͷûм˵ʲôġ



437 һ
㵽ңյ֣ͬʱıҲġÿһ֮ԼҲһ֮ҪĬĬʰǲˣһѵġ
СǰƶȥĲϵתھԷֻжʮ׾ʱԭ֮ʱҲһʲôƵģתͷĴ
Էľٶסвòϣ֮ĸ֪ѾǿˡھôԶܷһЩߡ
ֻʵϾǿǡվûҵ㣬ʱҲһЩ裬һ˵ŻһߵݴԱߣ¿ӿʼ
㿴һĻһشСɳܡ֮ȴԸᣬڵʹ£ңεй·߷תŵһţͬҵŶԷ˹ȥ
ȻռķХ͵Ťתͷȵʲ
ǣĻδȫ˵ıʹֱֱ䵽ĿУͷĸͷʱԺٴλصġ
Ӧʱ䶼ûУ͵ɴ۾ֵע㣬ĵ˵ϡһϢ
һзڵʯ֮䣬⻹ǾǸߣӶС
һĻĵһ֪ԷҪʲôٴһֱֱĿ֡
۶Է֪ҪȥͻжȻѱˣԼ־ԱסãϽܣֱһת㿪
Էˣȴϲ꣬ӰһӰȭͷֱȥûһ˿ΡȻֻһܱ֮ȴ֮ܿȵθҽ£ֻܿٵܿ
Էˣ¶һЦݣ߼ЦݣʱŲõԤСȻֻоӺ󱳴һֱֱĹᴩؿڡͷһ֪ʱһָֻͷǴСؿڴѪҺһ
ڶԷʵĵ֮ɨ˾֮󡣶ڵλͶȥһŸϽ˹
㣡ն㿩Ц
ͦͦţ˵ôأʵҲûʲôɱɱֻʹѣûʲôġ
տֱЦһϿ֮УϿ֮Сܿͷ˺˵ˮ
㿴ˮüͷˮϿߣһߵĶѨһߵĶѨѨ󣬴Ҳһ׸ߵӣ˶˵뵽Ͽ
ϣȷܲ㻳ɵʵⶴѨôСɽ֪ôġ
ѵһƭ㲻ɣѨ󣬵ɽȷʵһĺܵˮм䡣˳ˮǧףֱӣ֮ռԽԽȻܵһطܴȥϻشȻγɵģġ
ô˵šֻǣ֪˭ѾôģŪĶ
׼˵ʲôʱ򣬺ϵͻȻһǿ߸ϹŮȽȥҪȻ˭߲ˡ
ͷ˵С㣬ˮȥҡ
棿տССĶѨʵܽȥŶѨӣлϢ
ţȽȥ㣬ҪȻˡߴٵ
ô˵ŵͷأ
ЦЦ˵ȽȥϾһһˣ
֪Լﲻʲôæ˵ͷɵ붴Ѩ֮У˳ˮȥ
սȥ첽漤ȥһΣûȫΣй¶һϢϢй¶ܿͱԷ׽׷
һξӰ͵ֹͣûйõʱ䣬һӰǰֻһˣҲںϾĿ㣬ǸŮ
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ˡǾͲˣЦ
ǽ͸ǻȥɡ˵һطﵽʩչҼʶһ°ɡ춢˵
֪Ǵʲô⡣ʩչط֮󣬽ʱʰ𣿡ĵĿЩһۡ
֪Σѵܸı𣿡˵档֮ǣԸġ
˵֮ӻȡһһһźֱʡ
Էˣɫһ䣬֪ǵźšȻܿһ㿴Щ˵ǿңһαһ˶Ķˡ
ǺǣӦԺҪ㲻öԸҲЦǳһӣǾͻΧΧЩӵֻҪطʱЧˣһ׾ٵʰɣ
ûҲΣطʩչ֮һʱڣʱ䣬౬֮ʵʰңˡ
ѣѵ˻ϲס֪ǿʱ䲻Ѱɡ춢˵
ֻңȷʵ޿κΡǣ˭㣬һᱻסˣ㶢Ц
㻹ʲôֶβɣ춢㡣
㲻˵ǸϹҪһһӣɱ㣬ǸϹΣǾͼҰɡҵãҲҹڡɱһǡЦ
ԲѣһһҲɱң㵱Լ˭
㶢˵Ȼ㲻ţҾʶһ¡
˵֮Ʒı첻ϲСöطˣȻ㶯طǾֻ·һǶΣֻҪһǾ׾ٵʰ㡣
ããЦҾһ¸´С
ģҪһӣɱ㡣ֱֱĶ졣֪Ҫһɱ˶ԷǵȴԼ˾ǱΧҪǱΧĺпܱĥ
ԣζܷһҪ֮ǰȰһˡ
һҪһӽһѵ顣ԣ㲻˿СӡͬʱҲͼ
ľ𣿺ܱǸĸ㣬Ȼ㵱Ҿû𣿱ʹĶԶԸˡ˵꣬ԷһУȻһ
㿴һɫ䣬ոһӸɵԷΪͼԵʡû뵽ԷҲⶫǻһӸɵ֮ѡ
Сӣûһģθʰ㡣ԣȰ㻹־ܵĺãһӣ㲻κεҡ춢ȵ


438 
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ͳ쿴һĻдż־壬뵽ϺͱǳеľֲѹԼԷôҲһڰԼ
ʩչطֻ·һͳ춢㣬һе仯Ļһ޴Բ̣Բת֮䣬ܵӿ
գ˲۳һ޴Уת֮䣬޾Уͬʱռͬˮ˰һɹɷڶ𣬷ڶ˷շѹȥҪûС
״ֱһͼУһ΢ڣͼ²ϱ󣬰бһɹ΢շѹĿռ䳱ϫ
ͼ£ˮϷڶ𣬾纣ˮںϣǧ˻ȴһһ㡣
Σһӣնɱ㡣һֱ˦һӵ֮ӿһ߲Ʒ裬ھһ㣬ڷ֮䣬֮ܵУϱһļµϢ
ҿܽҼСЦ֮䣬ڵӿھ֮䣬һӿڱӿͬʱ޲׷ɱǧ飬ߣˮ޺۵Ϣؼ䣬𶯵ͬʱȵĻͬȼնɥϢϱѩƮһ봺ˮ޺С
ЩȻ෴Ϣһµͼǣ£۳һת֮䣬һļµǾļҲ˳ļϢϱ仯ºͣȣẮ
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ǾļһС
ŭһһŭȣĶǷڶ
䡭
һ죬Էշѹıƣ˺ѳ룬ɢռ䣬ĳܣܽʳһƬ棬ıһ㣬мգա
ͳżıɫ䣬ñȥԲ̵˹ȥ

Ľ棬Բ֮бһâѱסͳ챻ĵֱ۲ѣɫЩ԰ס
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ҳǿǺܱǸ㻹ɱҡͳ춢˵
ǿδأ˵꣬͵ʧԭվλã˻㣬ɨԵĽǶȺͳȥ
ͳһϺͱǳܸʱѷɣҲܰ
ܱǸĸ㣡Ҳġ㶢ͳ죬ǴЦ⣬ͼ֮е΢ϿӿڻĿռõЩ΢ǿ֮в΢޾Ļꡣ룬ڵʵĲġ
΢ҲԶԶǿͨЩ±ıǾҪǿ
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ǿδأ˵ָ꣬һ㣬һâƵĹâ뱱֮Уͳȥ
ͳǴЦһȻѪʮаеĻ⡣ʱϵʹӱ𴦸Ϲˡ
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һ֮ͳ첻ŵĿеֻոչϣȻʼѿһѷ죬Щѷͬ֩һ鲼
ܣͳɴ۾ĿеԲ̣Ų֮ɫ㼯ȫһȭȥһ˺ǣһھȻѿˡ
ͳѾ޹Ķ㣬ɴž֡
㿴ͳ죬Ǵһ˿ӵЦݣҶûи߹㣬ֻƽһκβȴĵǰֵײǾͱֱҶˡ
仰ͳ쿴㣬һСȻоСϱܰ׾ٵĸײƣ¶壺
ͳз˾ξˡҪ˵вӵеĻôȴֻЩɾ˵ͳ˲ӵСĶȿ֪ǣȻҲˣ
㶢ͳЦ˼Ҳ͡ͳеԵ⡣ȷʵʹùŶû뵽ǣһӲӲԿԼŶʲôӲֵĺãҪͳ첻㻹ûа취ϾƲ˹ŶʥĽͳӦúˡ
µѵһͬѡǱʹ͵ȻˣһȻŵҪ֪ⶫԼЩôҲ׷ɱ㡣
Ǿļ紺
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ͳıӿٵı˳ȥûʵܺԱȡȻͬ𣬵İʵҪǿοԷǽʩչĴУгԽƷĲΡ
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ͳȼ̻ѪҺȻȼȼ£
㣬ȼ꾫ѪҲҪס㣬Ѿˡ
һ仰üܸоԶȵƸϹǰͳ죬ȼ;Ѫ£൱ֲ


439 
Ҫͳŭ֮£ڵѪĵӭĺıȥһͳ챻ɳȥĹȻҲԷ顣
ģһоԶƣһҧٴһͬʱڵҲʹ£ңΣҡֱϾ
ŭһȻﲻҡ֮Ͼĳ̶ȣȫʹ£ҲһӰӣͳȥ
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ͳ켥Цһ׼ʲôǰȴһӰ۶˲оؿһͳһͷȥһ䴩ؿڡ֪ʱȻԶĵط˲伲۵ߣٶŵġ
飡ŭһϵͳ֮ըѿͳͺһɫҰ
ʹˣҲСı׵ϣͳڣŶԷЩʱ㿴ŶԷĵȥһ
նɱͳ֮Ŀ⿴Щ׷ɱôõ㣬Ҳһɻöɱ
㿴ǣһӰٵĺ˳ȥǰˣɵħͷˣԼͳ̶ʱ䶼նɱʲô
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һĬʱϵҲ˵УϺͱǳһǰһǵǿһƬǽ壬վŵҲɫݵʱüͷոմ򶷵Ʋͳ㣿
û˵ֻǰĿ⿴ͳڵλá
üĿЩȥķ򣬶ǿһʬʱɫһɴ۾Ŀ㣬дŲ֮ɫ
ͳˣɱģϵɴ۾ĿЩʵŲû˱ͳʵȻֻǸոմﵽ𣬵ƾǾԲԼսʤġǣˣ
ǳͬۿʬ壬Ĭ֪ĬϵĻ
ܣôܻնɱոշźŵڣһӶʵôôǿʹҡͷ
һˣֻվǰһ͵ˣŵͳ˵ݻ٣Ȼͳȼ;ѪҪסԷǻǱԷһиɱˡ
仰ǳһȼվѪ»һɱˣľôǿУһôеǵһͳҲֻһЩûеģ
ǸˣϺ
ָָһ򣺡ߣٶʮֿ죬֮䣬ʧǵСǵͳˣҲٶ¡
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仰ǳ˵ͷܵķ򼲳׷ȥ
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˷һҲվһҧǰҾͲӳĺǡ
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ҵǣ΢ͼİָҲʮֵĿ졣һ£ҪԼҪʱȫõĻͼʱǰܺõ߰˰ˡ
һ·Ʈ£˵Խ棬ռԽ֪Ʈ˶ãȻƮһСһƬСȫˮͽС
㣡ǲ㣿΢ʱһ使ĵţ㶨ۿȥһʯͷվŵŮˣӶҪ
ǰȫʪգ߱ȫ¶Ө۰׵ļҲܿС߹ģظ·ӡӡǣһ޵ջ
ęѩⱡ¶ʲôʪʪֻʪԼҪʪˡ
ռֱֱĶͷһԼⷢԼ⼸¶ˣɫһƬ糺죬˫ӣǸջ
׼ռĿȶԣɫĵһۡ
˵ڵʯڣռɫŲҰף˲˺ƽϣֱۣżʵôˣ
˫֮¶ģЦЦ˵˵ƣûϵܺá
˵꣬Ŀɨһյǰ·ѩ𣬰ѻ͹˳
ռ˻ôɫ۾׼׼۾ˣ⻵һ
۾㣬оǰѹżо쳣Ůˣ̫ɫ˼ˣ֪Լ»ҲջģߣҪѹרҵˮ׼Щ


440 ӡ֮
㻨˰ʱƶκãϵҲûҵһֻʲôյʱȴϴһ׸·Լȡ㷢㶵Ĵ㵣տЦ֪һһ
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հһۣһļҧһ£漴ĶߣöĶ䣬Щģһ׼˼ߣҪȢҺѾǱˡôߡ
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С㣡ͻȻƿգԴǵĿգô˼ôٴһ飬һˡԴжǻϵĺ̫뷨һ²ż汸ĺ꣬ѧǣܣܿԼĽܳѧȻ뷨ҡҼᶨĸ㲻񣡡
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С㣡һģߵ˵߳ܺΪ顣Զ㣡
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ҲûסͷѪҺ˳ռ״ŷſֱۣЦĶˣ˼ǱӦ

ΨС˺ŮҲʱãޱ仰ľ裡Ӽǵã޼˵Ǿ仰ԽƯŮԽΣգ
ΣհȫǵһĸԸȥĵ

㻨˲ʱֹסѪֹסѪ֮㲻ŮˣָֻܰУź˵ϣôȥ
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͸ˡ˽ġϻشʵӡһЩ档
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ϣ壿ռϣϳߣ΢΢һ㶣Ͼ;һĹͫ˸
ϼյĹͫ˸Ҳһݾ壬Ͻ˵Ůޣ۾ҪңģסĹͫꡣɱˡ
Ҳ֪ԼͫϽ۾תһԣһǺǣҲЩӡĶܴġҪȻҲôû˱ˡǳȥ
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ںڶе㣬ȴ֪ԭѾ£һɹɷڶˮˮڶͬʱˮɽ壬Ȼʼ
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Щ쳣˷ܲѣʼɽѰ
ɽ𶯲ûг̫õİʱ䣬̶ʱ󣬾ֹͣϼöҲ㣬üͷһʩչطˣѵܵȥɣ
ϣô죿СӲصءǳϡ
ңңҧҾͲţء
Ȼ벻൱ˣ
Ҳûа취ȴɽûɣöԷɱ˲ˣһ𶼱ɱˡñ֪ȻкӹԣôҪҵ㣬Ҫܽ㣬ǱһҲͺùˡ


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ںڰбգ˸оϵ³Ҳ֪˶ãյ۾о۵ĹâںһӦ㿴ܣȴʱһռѷУѷ³
ջ䵽㣬Ż£Ŀռѷ죬оȲѣһܣԼһİĵطܿտʯ
ϣźϡ
Ҳ֪˵
㲻֪ɴ۾ĿźϣдŲ˼飬Ͻģ䵽طȻ˵֪
ҵȻ֪ϺȻ˵
ϻƤֱ׳ЦãϣвУ϶ôϤ᲻֪
˵Ƿӡ֮أŶ档ҵоһϤǸոǸˮǿռǲȶĿռ
ռɻźϡ
ֱӽռ֮˴͵ĿĵأͽпռҪռҲҪܼʵ˵
ܼ𣿡һдż𺳣û뵽ոͷô
ϿЦЦ漴˵ռԶѾʮֲȶԴ͵ĿĵҲ漴͵ġֲɣ֪
ô˵εʼ磬յȥҲĵסΪ׵ԵʣѾѵĵƷɵĲˣҲɴҲﵽһĲΡ
и̾ġſҪʢĵƷ룬һҪҵףѵƷš
㣡ߣոһ̲֮ס˵ĹĹĵģ·Ѿ˼Ȧˣȥ̫ɽˡ
Ŷ㿴һգЩ˵ã㲻Ҫˡ
ģģպĿЦ֣һϹȥ
ԭΪյķлԼõ㡣ǣת˺þã̫Ҫɽʱ̣ſһǳأ㿴ǳӯ
㣡죬ߣ㱳ϿЦָǸǳ˷ܵ˵Ҿ֪ûߴ

뵽һ·˲֪ĵطʱ仰ǧﶼܱĵ׵
㣡Ҫմ󱳴
ҶĽźˣıǰȥϽ˵ôԶԩ·յĽŶĩ˻ݣԼߡ
ѵЬӣ㿴˿ֻСžӨ͸˿û覴ãлݵģ
ƭӣŮ˶ƭӣҧгݵĿգԼһ·ıˣҪû˸ϴӣͶ㵽ȥޡ
պһǰһĽǳأǳغ֪ǣԵǳزһСֻһܼĴڣűһǳأһǳأȻȲϺ׳ǱǣҲС߹ģ
ӱ˿е֪Ǵ۹ʱնһﵽ۹ҲͰȫˡ
㣡ȥʲô㡣
㲻뵽۹Ĵ죬֪ôˡһʱҲҲ˵ǰȥݷһǳ
ݷǳݷʲôտɻʵ
ûǳһƼΪңҲҪչˡ˵
Ҫ飿յۿ㣬ʮֲ⣬ʲôѵ㻹۹Ʒǵ۹ɣ
һģûˤڵϣٵʧķ裬ҲΡƾԼһ֮ʵƷǵ۹ⲻԴ˲Ż
ȵȸ㣬ҪǸ˵˵
Ȼɻ󣬿Ǽ˵ǺĿɰ촽ûмʡ
ܺңһǳǳΪ׳۵Ƕߵǰǰͱۡס㿴⼸ЦЦ˵˵ϵʿ
ʱϵʿţƬ½ϵʿǺܳġԭˣ仰Ҳ˼֣㹪ʹϵεȲεʿ
ش
һ仰üۿ㣬໥Էһۣ˶ԷеĲš׵꣬ôʵﵽ֮ϵ
Щ뵽⣬ʱЩ˵ӿ˵ƾ֪ɷǼʶһ¡
νЦȻҪʶǾǼʶһ
˵ָ꣬һ㣬һ׵ֱۡݶȥ׵ݶϣݶ˲䱻ķֱʯ䣬ǿȡ
һĻüɫ˱䣬ż־壬һǰ㹪Եȣȥˡ
˵꣬첽ܽȥ֮ϵʿǳҲҲһҳǲҵ
ЩηУܿһлĴһȺ˿첽ķȻʯƬ£ûһֱֱۣӭЦʧԶӭˡˡ
㿴ӣЩ⣬ƫ󣬲ƣӦþλˣ˿ˣһȻ鴫
˵ֹ֮ƨҶҲſ
Ǻǣӿˣǹ֮ϵʿճɾͲЦе˵ӶȻΪ
ʱűޱӢøԽԽ˳ۣ̫۹ˣȻܿԼЩ۹ɺöˡǿԼôöû֣˼һ۾Ϳˡ
۾̫Ϭˡǰһ̾˵Ҫÿ˶һ˫۾ߡ
ǺǣǰץҡΣڨЦ˼ѻתƿǸӲ֪к£
ڲ㣬ÿȥԼθܲˡ
ûʲô˵һ˫ʶǧĲ۾ʶһӸո˵Ļв顣㿴˵
ԼƣѾģҺƨӵĶô㣬ûѾĻûûˣ
ǸҪûʲôĻҾˡԼܳĿģϵʿݡ
ȻҪߣѵԼԱˣţпܣԼڵⶼɢ޵ˡԼҲһŵˣôΪԼԱ˳ⲻԼȵķ


442 
Ǹȷʵ㡣һ˵Ҫ˼ҲԱǾ͵ǾԼдڵļֵʱڰ߳Ա
˵ڲԼθһҲϵʿݡҲż֮ɫ
ѵҲɫȵɫ˱䣬Ͻɿ֣˺Ŀ˵żƼΪУξ֪ܷһ
һ㶣漴ü㡣ԭ£ΪĻųϵģϾһ֮ϵʿڼĳɳźܴãܽ׵֮ӵܵ壬ٶһǧ
û뵽ǣԷȻҪƼԼȷʵмƼⶼѾˡȻⶼ⡣ҪǣУξȻ󣬿Ҳǵ۹Ľ
ʿҪľҳϣƼһҪ֪֪ףΣ۹ҪȻԼƼȥ˷ʲôԼҲһΡԣƼ˼ͻȻðһ֮ϵʿҪԼƼⲻ˵Ц
Ǻǣ˰ɣҷԸ˰ȥϢߵգžȴûйõͣתͷˣӰϷ
˵꣬׼뿪
ЦôʲôѵӢˣôҲҪȸٱ
仰ûѪٱԼ֪ʲôǵȥڣҪѿڴӦƼ飬ǿ޶ûޡ
ǸӰҲȾƣԱǸˣҪ㣿ʵ
ȣǸãϲո˵꣬ͲԼĿ󣬸Ͻҡͷ˵Ǹҵ˼ǣҲȾƣòҡ
ҡҡͷմƾ
Ů̫ƯˣѹͷĿϲԴǵ˵ңҺһаɣ
仰ﻹ֪ʲô⣬ҡҡͷһҧ棬˵ǱǸҷ˵ˣҪմˣͲĴΪһˣ֪ǶôʹɡԣӲҪˡ
벻ô񶾵ĽڶҳʱòܱƵ̫ˡǣһ뵽ԼĿģԼܸ֮ʡһԱߵգôҲոűˡ
Ͳˣ˵Ĵϱ˷˵ĴĿգָǴѵ˵˵
ֻ仰պݺݵһ㣬ҧгݵ˵ǲҲҪϱ˵Ĵ
ĵҶ֪˶˵ˡ
ֻĻȻ˵ȻһЦҲˡ
ҼǵСͽԴ˵˰ɡֱֱĶ㡣
ð亹û뵽ԴĻҲȥˡ
ҪǸңҾͼġնݺݵ˵
һ仰оһƬ⣬ԺһմƼ֮Ķ
㲻׼Źվ̲ס˵ӣ˵ʵɡƼ͵ѡмˡǲӻᣬǱ˵ʿѡȡҪġҶһ֮Ե治ðôհƼȥ˵䲻ģҪǵйϸҰƼȥǷ´
ô֪ǵйˣЦеĿ
һ㶣漴˵ǵйˣ
ǵ۹ЦеĿŶԷ˿ûݡ
һ仰һٴУһȡΧ롣ԭʱҲǺ⣺Ǵ󵨣벻ܵ۹
ҡҡͷ˿˵α˽šйˣҲһЧҵй
˵ǣйˣȴǵ۹Ľ㣬Ӧװɡ˵
ȫףЦȻܻԷ۹ǣΪ˰ȫ˭Ҳ׶õйˡ
ȻףҾͲ˵ˣ²һǵĳУȴҲø۹ĽҪƼڸ㣬ܡֱԻش
Ҫܾô硣˵뷨ءЦеĿ
û˵ֱֱĶ㣬ȴһ仰
Ǳǵ۹ʵ׷ɱնɱ˴ǵ۹ٽڱǲɱӣԷҲɱʮأǸ»᲻ãҽ۹ľһѡ񣿡۾¶Ž׵С
պܲ⣬ΪʲôһҪ۹ľӰտļֵҪ۹Ļʵϣõһ
㣬ҪǣǲŲںء˵ߣô㣬ǾȻʶ
Ȼƽʱ˵㲻ôֻ˵ǣЩϹ۾ȻһƼ㣬Ͳˡ
ǣĻȴһ㶣漴͹ЦµţҲ̫˰ɡΪһ𡣸֮ʵȷʵǣ۹ĽÿһǾӢﵽ֮ɱ˲٣У۹ʵ׷ɱ㣬㻹ܻŵǺǣοھ޼ɵɱʮңѵܻųǣ
ʼ磬ĵʮȻУǺûʲô
Ҫǲšȫǰȥǲ˵ѣ֪ܿ㶢˵
ҪǶһѡҪ˵ģ͸һƼôҪǼٵģ㴦áЦеĿ
һ漴ЦãҾͺһѣҪƭңҲҪģֻҪҵ׵ǡҪģƼҸ㣬ұ˳顣
ɽ˵ͷ
ôȵסһʱ䣬ȥ顣㡣ȻĵȴΪԷ顣ҪˡԷʮҲôܺúõĵ
ãҲֱ߽ȥ
ռˣ˵㣬ΪʲôһҪ鰡ǲҪˣߣۿ˵͡
ЦЦϣѾϢ˵ﵽĹѫˡԣô㶼Ҫֹվں͵۹ΪеĴ۹ǵ
ԣõѡ񡣵Ȼ㲻ԸսЩµʱҪͰϾսˣھССһɡ


443 
Ǹڸʲôߵ̴ӣһڲ裬Щġ
үһΣֻ֪ơô죬ҵⶫ̴̾һ
ƣѱӷ۾̴ӣ΢΢üͷ
ǰһȫһӵܡԺζͨԺȾͲ˵ˣڳóԺúȵġҲˣ߸һˣȣΪŮϧһŮӣôһˣǿϧˡ˵⣬Ӳ̾ǱȫǼһʻţϵķߺޡ
ǶأûкȲ˼Ѳ豭һƣЩĻҵĿӣҲ˵ˣһֵĸۡϴģۡҼó֮ۡۡ󣬾Ȼһ䡰Ҹۡûһֻһµط
ʱ仰Ҫ뵽ԷϵʿݣҪȥˡóۡѵũԺһɣ
үľ͸˵ˡһࡣ֪Ｘ죬ôı仯𣿴ҶĶӻˣĵǶ󰡣治֪ô뵽ģ¶ķһǵһμò˵ⷽ滹Ǻ츳ġȻ֮Ҳͬˮһȥġ⼸ڣķⶼ˲١ӿЦã뵽⼸ľٶµ󰣬Ҽץ˾ȥķƫƫӵܻкֿܼڲţƵĴҶġ竵ˣҲһ־硣
룬ʱֶܿͻѷǳأ
үǲЩˣļһô֮ϵʿҲ̫ϳ˰ɣҪ˵һӵܣҵǰٷ֮ͬ⡣ѵ
üͷ˵ӦòῴݶҲ׵ġ
үʲô
ҲܲԼʵҪз֮ģҲ㡣̾һ
ү϶ˣһӵܣеʱҲģҪȻôƭλС㡣ʹĵͷүǻǸ߰ɡڸۡóԺúȵģʱڵǧǸۡ²갡Щ۵˵
üͷʵȥ̽Ϣ˻ûл
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Ҽ򶨣ҪĻǡ
ôܣʹҡͷҪһ˶ڻʵ׷ɱȫˣĸ
ô˵˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾȥһԣûʵҪûУҲնɱ
дź˵
ǣүӸ˵ĵͷ첽߶
һ˾͵סոյſڣͼһӣ첽ȥ
ӡ첽ĺ
ûʱ䣡Ҳûпˣڻشһ䡣Щ߷߲ƽЩǣǵ̫Ǯˡ뵽Լ齨İҪѵȻԼŷ׭һЩҲ벻ʹǳ˵⡣뵽ľǶķˣĶĲô뵽˿µĶķȻǰĶǲ淨
ƾ֪ȾЩսʤ˶ͷǣС˵Ĵоһ󣬰ѶͶоҲ൱ľͨȻһͷԶȥ
ֱҧԼ¶ͷʱʱҪҲҪٰԣһ鶼ãһֱһسӣſʼ
һҪǶɷ̵ģ׬ҵǮ˵
Ӽʱȥģ˶һۣɫѿӵĻһҪӵܣûļһôǵ۹Ļʵ׷ɱš
뵽⣬Ҳǰ˵ӣôȥﰡ
һŭ뿪ںȳ⣬̧ͷɫ΢΢һ㣺ʲôѵЩϢ˻ˣ
㻹飬΢΢㵣ϾͷӦЦ鲻ˣмҪæϣӲҪģ
ʲô飿ȴЩһӼʮ£ôã׬Ǯ
ǺǣӴﵽƿܾˡϣӳ׵һ壬ܲͻơЦ
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ǺǣΪϵʿһƺõġ˵
ͷ˵˵ĵûҵʵ׵绹ˮһǣ֮ȴҪѹ鲻ѹ̫ۡ̾һҪңҲҪҸİ
ô˵ӵɫѿҪ֮ҲˣϾҪһƷߴǣѹͲﵽ֮Կ۾Щ
㿴һӣ¶Ŀ㣬ֵʧʧˡɶʵƷʵڼҶ绹ǲġģĻ飬ׯǮ̫׬ˣ̫ʱˡɣҸһЩа˳ɼʴﵽʮƷ
˵֮󣬴ӽָȡһѵʵ֮Ƶķ׭˵Щ׭òǿˡ
ӽӹ㶪ȥĶ漴һۣеľȿ֪Щ׭ֵǮȻ˵ⶪǶʱһܼӡȻЩ׭ǸǾ㵱ʩչ׵粻ԼʵӦǷ׭Ч
ҲʾЩ׭˵ӣЩ׭ˣ͵ڸۡԴȵķǮƭҵ飬ӦҪһɣҪûеĻ
ʲôƭ㣿
ŭһǲ֪ôʱӲѵΪԼƢʰ𣿺ߣվͰײʲô˶ƭġ
¶ĵʱۡſڣҴҵܻܵſڣһү󣬾Ϳ첽ı˸ۡϻŲĲš



444 ѵľ
ʲô˼۾Ƿǰĳ顣
ѵҪǶֲɣҪǶֵĻɾͲȱ첲ˡ㵭˵
Ǿͽˡ¶Ž׵СõĿ
ŭ׼֣ȴ˼Ҵҵܽ⼸ˣ¶ϲɫЩɳȥ̽ʵģڿѾ̽ˡ
ЩԵģɫ䣬дẓ̌Ͻǰǰ
ʲôȻüͷȳ
үѾ˲ĺȳ⣬Ͻһһ˵Ѿˡ
ˣǺãҾܹĶԸˡϲ
һ仰üĺѪɫϽΧ˵һ仰
ģɴ۾Ŀż¶ɫ
һͷ˵үѾ̽ˣȷʵʿɱɱһꡣģһңʱͱǳ˳ͻǵ۹ҲðͷǰĿľ׷ɱ㣬˵ǷϢϴǴǵ۹ĽûΨһвǣʦɱˣǵ۹˵ѪЫڵ˸ɵġҿӦĪϵҪȻЩʦոһôϾǧ׷ɱ
ЩĬԭأֱֱĿ˵Ϣʵ
СԴʱ֤һĻкܶˣѾ۷׷ˡǹӱ۶һֱҲǧȷ飬üٵġ˵
վԭأһ˵ʲôϢ
һϢǣͳǰȥ׷ɱˡ֮ȴûл֪ĿģѾˡ˵
ûлȥһ
ţ˵ϣǳͳڶ׷ɱȴˣ֮ͳһֱδ飬ǽһɫҾú߾Ӷ࣬Ѿˡ
ô׷ɱ㣬ȴöԷһʹõʲôֶΣˡ
һ˵ľȻģз˾ξˣԭã˵ʮ֮һʵʤû뵽˵Ĳʵʮ֮߰˶ѡ
ôˣ㿴ɫ͵վǣ̲סѵ
Цݣʱһܱǻʵ۶ԼʲôǱ׾ٵ
뵽㣬һ˿ŹЦѽˣסϰ𣿶ˣǰЩʱûûϵȵҾ濪
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㿴һԼɲᱻƭˡȻԼΪʵ˵ԼͲƽ
ҡҡͷҪתƻ⣬˵ոȱ첲ȵ飬Ҫͽڿʼ¶õЦݡ
ǺǣӿЦءˣӺҵǸԼˣϸһƼŹ˵
ҪҪٿһ£ʵ
ÿˣϽ˵Ҫġ
ףɱңֳôĶ;޿Ǵǵ۹ˡˣʥʦ֪ҲҪģԼαزһá
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һתⲻˣһ仰ȴûٴ
Щ˵ˣǻ˵˵ȱ첲ȵ顣
ˣҪ˭ȱ첲ȲǺ
ǸӣողȥôȥˣڨڨЦ
ȥˣһѣʮ̾һ
仰Ǻݺݵĳ鴤һ£ֻһѣʤ˶ٰѣѾģһҲ˼˵㻹ǮһѾʮ
˭ô۾ȻӮӵǮӷģϾȥ׷ǿˣôÿǮء
ӮûʲôСֵġΪЩͽ
ԣԣ˵ĶԣˣСһôóıءɣʮҸ㣬ٸӶʮӵĶʡǮҲûУֻСһˡ
ӵԼүĻǺݺݵĳ鴤һʮС飿Ǵôĵģ
ʲô˼ôҪǮһʶ𣿡ŭۿȴϲԼһǧֻһٱǡ
ӵȻܳ𣬲ҵҶû񣬾ǲϰɡ˵ӵĸ߷һǺġ
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ǳ˼£ܿʹӽָȡͨݸ˵ÿһʮպˡ
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仰ɫÿ˲٣һﻹǻˣջһЩҲǺõġ
ӽָȡһʯͷԣһʯͷʯͷ͵ǰ˵˶ǧͶëǵĸˡǴǵ۹ʯͷҲǧʯͷˡǧͶëضˡ¡
ǰڵһʯͷɵˡǻҿѾܲܲô޳ܣ
ȴò£װźܸ˵ģ㺮һ

֮뿪뿪֮ӿеʯͷͬ΢΢鴤һʮͻⶫ
үʮͻⶫ۵˵
һʯͷ׸˵װֵʮ
ǣӿЦһ
뿪ķ򣬵˵ʮ׸ġ
ү˼ǣʵ
նɱĴڣǽͳ졣Ǿ˵пüֵǰڴ̡ðɹȥҪնɱǵ۹һλĻ˵ʮ򣬾һҲǴ׬ˡ˵
ǣһȴִҪ飬Ŀġӻش
Ǻǣ˵Ŀģܰų켺Ϳˡ˵ЩдˡǰķԸˣȵȰѼ
үҪӿЦ
һҧʹĵͷһѵľ


445 ֮
ԴȷȷʵǱǵ۹ʵ׷ɱ󣬶̬ȾͺõĲٺáΪȥĵĸӲ񣬿ȴ֣ׯȴûӰӣڷٳȥˣǴ㵲ѡ
ڷ㣬ʱӡĽһڴ岻ϣ֮Уϵ¶֮䣬֮ͷۡ
ͷѾʢһ仨䣬ͷתϢת֮䣬֮мһһ֣ڻһҲ۳һӰӡ
֮е۵仨֮Уŵ£ռҲͷ۶糱ˮХһ۶һɹɷХһ졣
㷿żŮǿܵͬˮһӿ룬ӣд֮ɫֱֱĶѾʵʵھָ֮Ͻ˿ֲںϵͬŴ
ͷĵڶ仨ȵ£Ļʵʣ仨໥ӦУ󲻶ϵı
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һӿ£ͷĻתԽԽ죬֮еһǣ
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ֻʣһƬ۳ɵĵػɫأһҧڵٴӿϵػ֮СֻʣһܰѴﵽ֮ˣҪĻһͻҪʧܸա
һƬͣ˻֮еҲһػ֮С˻֮е£Ƭȹ
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ļŮ˵ǷֻܼʵʵûмֶãһкЩʧӰ١ǰԿϧ
ڴʱԭյĴţҲڴˡ߳㿴ȥȴûзκһ˿ͬġЩ˶ףǰ꣬ˡ
һϽӭȥ㹧˵ү˷Ըǡ˵ү˵Ļǰ
˵ͷ˵С𣿡
Ļ䣬һתתͷȥĵĽë۾ɢĻϢž𵴣СˣߣҲŲأ
С㣡磡ʹĵͷ˳㿴һͷ̫ʲôԸ㻹֪Ҫˣ͹Լˡ
ռ飬˺죬һ۴żֽ硣
ʼҲͣǣյ֣˵ߣȥ䳡
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ȵȥûдҩ֮ĶǲҪһЩ룬Ͱõ
ⶫǺã֮ջԼ
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㣡̾ʲôռ̾ɻʵ
̾ûаɡˡĶ˵ҲոʲôҪȻ͵ò֮󱻸ˣڶܱ
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ǺǣƼһĸĸҲвҪġЩʸģȻҪѡӡܵõЦ֡
仰˵ͷĿɨ䳡䳡ȷʵڱԡ
һеߣʸģ඼ֻ֮һﵽ֮ġ֮ûгֻ֣Ҫ϶Էõǿ϶ġ
֮Ĵ򶷶Ѱ˵ȷʵˡǶڵ˵ȴԱߵգ̲סֹһʵһɨȥܵ´롣
仰ĵһһգѵŮҲһǿ߲ɣһɨȥܵ룿۾ôɱ
㣬һû˿仯򣺡ԼˣŮˣԭҲһǿߡ
ԭһֱΪŮ֮ʱҲǺЦû뵽СôǿǺǣ֪С˭ǿһ㣿ҪҪȥǼʶһ
ĺ⣬Ҫ˵жǿҪһսĻһЩϸ
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ʼ磬Լ˵ʵûţĲŰ


446 ĳ
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һѡ֮ѡһ̲ס̾һҲֻʱѾѡʣµȻλ֮ģûлˡ
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Щһ밵ľЩˡ


447 վҾ
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ʲôңˣ㲻ΪңǶԼûģԼŲˣŵùҪǵսƷԣǲ֮ˡ˶۸ΪʡԼߣΪТһҲТʲˣ߳ܺҪǲյľա㶢ŭ
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Ҫαȣϵͨóȥ󣬶˵
ʼ⹥ңһ֮ڣҪվţ䡣

ռһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㣬в˲šԷǽӽǴԲ֮ǽ֮һУҲ̫ѵ⡣ǣһȻ˵һоţǲ̫һЩ
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һ仰˶ۿ㣬֮ɫ֮ҲҪǿϼְɡʱ򣬻δﵽ֮
ԭʤһˣһʱģˣ뵽һ֮ҲһЩ˾Ǵţǲôǿ
Ϊ𣿡һ˵
ʼҪǲҲû취Ǿ仰һ㻹վţ䡣
ͽϾͿ֮ǿǿǣҪǲӲܿâĻһвѡԵǣԵͳԵ㡣
㣬üͷ壬߳ȥҲ뿴ʵǣһͳһУܿĳ
뵽⣬ɶԱߵ˵ҷԸİȥ𣿡
ԸȥˡӴҪŪôӪɣ
ţҲΥ˵ϣҪļֵ
ӵ˵ͷûм˵ʲô
ҾͽһΣ㵭ȻģšѾ⣬ܶԷʱʱ֮ԼһжܿâֻҪ֮ܿˣҲʤġ
뵽⣬΢΢İ֮ԼһվŻǲѵġ
ŲǺ£ֹһ̫дˡ
Ӱڵ治֮ӰĪ˿ⷱĲһͷ󰲡һ֪ܾͺãҪܿǽһоˣҲԲվס
ˣ΢΢ЦЦ˵׼˰ɣôҳˡ
˵꣬Ӱͬһ


448 ٶһ
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449 
Щ֮УĶĶ֡ǣһֵĻԼҲסҪЩˣֻܸơǣؽˣôøƵġ
ܵһɹѹƣһͼУת֮䣬ͼ۳һгͷѹƶУ˿ûиӰ졣
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ˣ۹ȷʵãȴֲò˼ɡϾڴǵ۹ţٴ۹ͬšô˽ԷʵξͷǳֱҪˣܶмַʵҲɺʱȥԸ
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ÿһֱ۶ЩңҺңΣҪȻǱЩ˴ˡ
סȻ䵽ߵķһߴ󼱺һǱֲ㹥
ɳ
һӰ˲ԭʧһӰ֪ʱǸ֮ǰž͵ǰ㣬֮ɫ䣬ӿҪ㡣ᣬһƺݺݵĴӡؿ֮ϣһѪҺ³ͬʱҲڵϡһ£ԭɵĹʼĴ䡣
Ȼûд߾Щ˵ġ
ЦЩ룬ûĵ֣Щ˸Ķ֣һȭ䵹һ֮»˲ȥģָʮŷ׭ȼգſ񱩵׵֮һƬҵĿռ䡣
䣡һ£һ߱ĵɳȥȻϰٸߵڵ治
һĻŲ֮ɫֱֱĶųе㣬û뵽Ȼ󷨣Լֻ˶Է֮ʵ
Щˣǲ˼ġ齨ʼûܸơǱȫܴﵽ֮ϡ
ǣû뵽ô׭ڷ׭İ£ЩߵĴѹҪĻ㻹κβЩǻͻڣٶʵ̫ˡľȻЩ޷
Ҫ޷һǿ߸ɵŦĻ󷨵ʹ󽵡
һˣҪƶѡƾŰܼҵķ׭޷ٶȣȻˡȴδǵʵոպľССֶѡ
ǵİΧȦⶢǸ֮ߣЦеĿЦ˵һȥ᲻
Ǻǣӱ嶯Ͻ˵ϰأٽǮþͱɱˡ
嶯ֻжŮ˵ʱŻ嶯˵ֻǾãʤˣأ
㣬ܻİˣ΢΢üͷȻɷһˣµͬܺһսֻһȻɵвɲһﲻ
ǺǣԻûءЦ
Ȼû꣬ǾͼȰ˵ΪЩѾܵټУȰǽˡҪȻҲƽ
Ȼ׼֣Ͻ˵ӣǴӳ飿
ӳʲô㲻ҪսǾͼ㿴˵
㽣ƣͻǷ˵ʤˡ
ЦҾ֪۹⡣
Щ¶ʵߣ˻Ǵϵ뿪ȻЩ˲ʣףͰնԷշ׭ٶȣսȥ¶ԷҵʰЩ
Ҳûа취ģҲǵһμϻġ
ʤܶܲ˶ĳĴһ˹ȥ˵ĲǵӣǵĽǮ
ҿնע˰ɣ㿴˵
ԣ̾һԭΪ֣ʰˣȴû뵽ˡоôۣȴʲôûв̽ǲɵӲ𣿿ȴˡ
˷Ը̾һҲˡǻǲ鲻ĵϸֻȥ飬ʱԼˡ
뵽⣬Ҳٶ롣˵ӣȵ㵽ȥƼš·ȥɡ
仰ϲ˵ͷ˵ͰķԸ
˵ͷҲ㣬ת뿪
ת뿪Ķãվ˷ܵ׹ֱ˵㣬ǸˣҶС㻹У֪Ƕ𣿿˵㣬Ҷû뵽ôࡣ
٣Цſա
տЦǧǧǰһһǧһǶǧǮȻһĳôӡ
ǧͬͣǳصĸоˡ룬нĵط


450 
ڶ죬ǳƼ뿪ǣǳ뿪ûп޳ˣ
߾Զ߾ǾӪڵءΪҪȥӪǲգڱ߾һСһլӰٺ֮һǰ۹ľӪ
Ľţ֪Ӫܿͱ˴һǰ
Ƽſ˿̧ͷ㣺㣿
£ͷ
˵֮ʵ۾㣬ЩʣԼʵû֮ҪΪµˣʵȴǿ
ҴﵽЦ
оУûʲôҵġǰ潫ͳǰ沿ӡȻӵƼţҾ͸㰲һְһУξɣͳǧʿ˵ϣ֮
νЦЦ飬ϵĲϲŨˡǰ̫ɬ
ȳȥȥ
ͷ˳֮С
ȥһֱվԱߵƫ˵˵Ժúõһˣ˵ǰ档ô
һأô˵϶ĵ̫ɬǻǶһ۾ǡİɡϾҲһ󽫡ƫش
Ҳôġ˵ȷ沿ӣƹһɣʵ
УξǰЩոһɲӣ𣿡ƫЦ
˵ֻ֧Уξʱȥ˵Ƕ֧ʵе㡣ǣûУξѹƲסѹƵס
ƫҡҡͷѹѹס顣ǺαôࣿÿԽúõĿ˵ͣƾʲô˿ء
ţǾɡͷƫ˵ȥһ֧ӡ

ƫĴߵһСӪӪ񶼱ȽƣӪ֮⣬ƫ˵ǧʿУξҾͲȥˡԼȥɡˣУξš
˵꣬ƫݸһľֽӹһ֡
лˡƫ˵ͷĿ뿪ȥ
˽ȥ㿴һӶʿѵأһ̺֮ϣһжɣѵȻ졣ȴûӰ쵽ЩˣЩͶѵ
㿴һ֧ӣ΢΢˵ͷһۿ
㿴Ļ˯ʱһŭ֮͵˭ΪεǾӪ
ѵ˰㿴һʵʿźĲֹʲôãŮ˾ϲģĺҲá
˭վǰĶӹٴκһɫ
ǵУξ㿴ǰҲŭЦЦ˵
Уξ㻰˶㵵Ŀ㡣
ԣǵУξ㿴ЩȡոյõУξǿ˿˵ڴû˰ɣЩŹֵĿ㣬ô˻һëûļһУξ˵ֻУξûУҲһëûļһͳ졣
ǻǿУξǼٵġһӹٺ
һ仰㶣û뵽Щ˵Ϲ˵ϹⲻԼרʲôʱҲˣ
㿴ʿһۣ漴ҲˡЩȻӭԼҲǣԼ̫ɬܷҲȻҲ⡣ʼ翴Щ˵ԸԸ⣬ҾУξı䲻ˣɽ
仰ʱʿĿⶼ㣬Щ˶ãŶһǣУξˣ
仰ĵͷżӹ˵ŶУξУξû˵ٴһѹҲйˣԣšԺǰһ㡣
仰̲סͶȥ˱ĵһУһССУξȻУξڵʱ򣬿ûˡοһ֧֮У֪ٽһССУξҲû϶١
ţǧʿһѹ˵˵֮ͷһϴ϶ģ
ϴڿԸһٵĸоˡвôֻͷôоôأһ
ȻҪǧʿһӹվֱֱ˵УξˣǻѵʲôڷԸǡҿϾͲ˰ɣ
ӹپȻֱӾܾԼûзӦӦð֮вţֻҪ˹٣¶ƨƨߵİԼķԸ𣿿ǣЩôܾԼ
˵Ҫ˵дЩ̫Уξˡ˷粻ɳ
Уξˣҿǲ˰ɡУξʲôֱӺ˵ǷԸȥСӹٿ㣬˵
Угŭ˵Щ̫ˣȻԼһ顣УξĹٲǰ׵ԺԼôȤԪ˧ЩˣǰԼȨġְܻ˼ϽĵΪӦܵĳͷ
̧ͷ˿գûвЩϧҪȻ;ܴǡ
㡭һӹټ˴СУŭһվǰһ쵰̫ˣһССУξѡԼЩ˾㽫κβˣһĪУξʲôߣȻҵ
ӹٸ׼ȴһӹٵס˶ӹһۣ漴˵Уξˣս˲Ϣ䣬ҿǲҪ˷ʱڼУξ˷ģұ֤ǧʿ֪Уξ
㶢һˣǺЦ⣬ǰ˵ʲô
ҲˣЩӹ֮УǰΪס
㿴ӣ漴ЦеĿӹ˵治ϣ
ӹֱֱĿ˵Уξһ¡
ԷУɨһܵʿЩʿΪȻɫϵĻҳ˵ҲգۼͲۼ
һģԺ󱾼Ҷˡ
˵仰ӹپȻƵģ˵ͷ˵лУξˡҵҪѵˣϣУξԶһ¡
ҪߣЦеĿŶӹ١
ңӹȻ˵ң۾ȴֱֱĿ㡣
ĿתЦҲǣҲҪңӪĹ١ûеߣҪߡҲߡ
ӹٶ˵һֱǵľӪ
ЦڿʼҵˡҪǲ



451 
Ϊ׵Ķӹٿǰ֪꣬кɫ㲻ĵһУξУξǶ˳ȥѵҲ뱻
ǺǣǵǴ󵨣ѵǲ֪Ź򳤹Ƿ𣿡㶢ЩЦе˵
Уξ˻û˵һ仰зڰɡҪȫֵĻͷֻ˵Уξ˶ܲסӹٿЦ
˵ͷ⵹һýڡ
ΣУξߣߣӹٿ˵
ʼұˣͷǻ˵ܣȫܵˣȴܵĳƺţ춼᲻ĿԣΪ˲ˮ£룬һǲߡ
仰öӹٿЦȻǾͱˡ
ҡҡͷȻ֣ΪҪΪҵıȻҿǣУξҪЩ˳ӡ
ӹٶЦУξšˡУξҲϱУξ
вûϵֻҪõУξʵСұҶУ˵ÿ仰ϣǶš㶢Щ˵ȻǲĻ˺ء
ߣ̸£ӹٺһһ˴һͰ಻סˣһĦȭƵİΧ롣
УξˣٸһᣬҪ㻹ȥĻͱȥˡӹֱֱĶ㡣
ɨһЩˣȥӹٴﵽ֮⣬ߴ඼Ʒ֮ϡЦЦƾҲԸҡ
ӹٿһ㣬бһָɷʿʱ󺰵սսս
ÿһսЩʿƾͱһɹѹǧƵģշѹ飬Ӵѹշѹ£Ȼϵѹ
һ£Щ˻ƣȻ֮˿
㶢ЩʿͻȻ϶˵Ļ˵ŷ󣬾սϴʿܶսҪƽ߰ǧ˵Ҫնɱֱ֮롣ǣսУϰٸǧߣͬնɱ֮
ΪսϴսʿŤһսѹƱ˵ʹǰʿķ׷ɱ£Ҳ䡣ȻﵽնɱǾӸĴҲԲС
սս磬ֱֱֱվԭأһбս⡣
һ䣡Լȥ룡ӹٿȵĺ£·սʿƶһŹɹ𶯵ѹȥ
վʯɽշѹʵң
ӹټ𶯾֮ƶ˿ãüͷǹһӣָ㺰ɱ
ʿͬʱŲһųǹһһȥÿһ̤棬춯أĳǹ·ҪѵǰһжݻƵġ
˵ʿһһ
㿴ˣòȷʵǾӢǱЩʿܱġʿЩʿʮֹȻսϴʿеսǵʵ֮ࡣ
룬ǰһƷ߸ҺһʮƷսһƣͰƷ߲á
ͨ˵ʿȷʵǿǶ˵ȴã
Ųƽʿ΢΢һЦŶӹ˵͵ΪֹɡУξˡ
˵꣬ƾͱӿЩʿ۳ս⣬ƶһ𣬱һ죬ܵľӪͱķ˳ȥ
¡죬ñ𴦾Ӫ˶Ŀתдżɻ֮ɫѵͷʰЩӪѱļһﲻɣ
ӹټԼ۵սȻ׾ٵĸ飬ɴ۾Ŀ㣺֮
ӹŲţ֮ߣھѾǸ߲ˡǣһôУξѵѾԼˣ
ӹֱֱĶ㣬һ۶γʿ޿˵ֻһҧ
ͬʱЩʿٴֱֱĴ˹ȥԭɢƣٴλ
ڤ粻飡Цһһʿ˵ˣ
˵꣬˫һƣ֮Уʱ˳ȥЩʿײһ㱬İʿ˵õԭɵķıɢ
űɢʿżӹ˵ô𣿡
ӹٶ㣬ûһ˵֮ߣҪǿסǧˣȷʵǾӢȴҲס
ӹֱֱĶ㣬֮󽫾ˡһˣôᱻУξѵǵˣ
ӹٲ˵ҲЦ⣬Ŷӹ˵Ҳжôӽ쿪ʼҾǵУξǿĬḬ̆ңмұǡµϣΥҪȥҲøϽȥ
ĻЩʿ¶ŭɫ㿴Щ˿Ϊ⣬˵ڣµһϣ
ЩӹֱֱĶ㣬ȴûһǰȥġ㿴һĻһӰһڸոǸԵĶӹǰһƺݺݵ˦˹ȥһĶУӹϳһİӡ
ӹٱһƣĿⶢ㣬дԹ֮ɫ
ɨһ˵ظһ飡ϣһǶ⣬һξͰΥնãҪΪҸҲңɱǧΣ
һ仰һʿɫ˱䡣˵һ֮ɱǧˣҲþӾͻ洦֮ǿֵǮˣΥǰ
ȵĶӹټһҧ֪ͨȥȫӪϣ
̶ʮϢ֮ȫϵʿջźѹѹһƬȺѹ£ǧ˺Щѡȴһĵֵ
Ҳû̫֣ѹøĪѹȴվš
ԺҾǵУξǿԲսҡֻҪһʤңϾߡ㶢Щ˵ǣ˵ǰ档ҪûһҵĶ֣ô͹ԹƢʱܺãʱȴᷢ裬ɱ˷ŵѪݲݵҲĳԣǲҪ
˵仰ǡֵٴαһ֣ǧɫٴα˱䡣
ˣµһ쿪ʼѵȼһ㵭˵¹ѻôһѡԼ˶Լô˶ԼЧȻȲǰһ֣ȴͬǿƿֻӡ


452 ڧ
ôƫƫ˵ֱһӪʿϳɣ
ƫҡҡͷǶĻ
ףĿƫ²鿴ͼ˼Ŀ⿴ƫż־ȣ˭һӪѱļһﶼĻ
ƫ˵ͷҲȲѡҲѹˣӪǰһжˡֻû뵽ǣһƼһָ֮Уξʼ
֮ƫش
ʲô졭ʲô˵֮Ӧɴ۾ĿƫȻԼҲһĽǲ;ǴԲѣ֮
ƫЦĵͷҲ֪ʲôãȻƼһ֮Уξ֮˵УξƫҲ´ˡ
Ĭһһ֮
ƫţֻܽ͵Բдģոƾƣǧȫѹĺǧ˵ʵ֪֮ҲǾĴڡ
ͷҪǾԼʰǣݵǸһУξһ֧ӱѹĴֻ˵ʵ̫ǿˡ
뵽㣬ͷ˵Ժúһڿû˵ǺǣǴ֮һҲá룬ǰѡˡ
˵⣬ͻȻȡһ֧ƫ˵ȥУξ첿ӣǰɽ룡
ɽ룿ƫɻ˵ǰϼӵս֮أȥǲǡ
޷ֲҪȥˡڱľͲùˡ˵
˵꣬ƫŵ˵ͷ׽ʲôʮѶԸ󽫾гԹǧȥʲôã

û뵽սô죬δʼǧʿһˡȻǾҲǧͣźɽϹȥ
ǧȻвȴûһ˸ΥҲûʲôֻǲˣһ˹ȥĶЩһ·ϼĹɡֻ˫֮¶ĺȴ˿βˡ
Щ⣬˿⡣ôˣҲЩϲԼҪֻЩҵǣ£Щ˶ʮֵ
ɽڴ̫Զǧ˸·ʮСʱ͸ϵǰĺɽ룬ߵĶӹ٣ɽ
ǵ۹󽫾µֳʮɽ붼ƿСӹѾƢҪԼɫҲÿһЩҪǺԲ
Ȼ㣬Ϊ˲⣬ǸϽش𡣱ϾҲϵԼҪһɽĻԼ˲
󽫾ϣ򣬾һ껹µʱ䣬û뵽ôͿʼ档
һ۱ľȫֵĺɽ룬ߵĶӹԸȥںɽԵһطӪ
ǣӹٹ¡
˰֣ЩǰȥӪȴӰǰ漤ȥ
ӹٶ뿪ҲʣǿʼѰҵطӪ
һ·֮ϣŬļܵĵΣʱʱűֽһȻԶԶ˼ҵĴӪͬҪϤΣҪȻԷǰԼ֧ӵĻҲҲʱ·ߡ
ȻΪԼô𣬿ǼȻǧţǾҪΪǵͱ
֮ʵһܵĵͼǺѡ˲ʱĲˣǾɴǰɱҲѡʺϵ·;ܺŷȥ
һ·ϣ㵹ǼͬǴ۹ľӣЩÿһɶ࣬ǧǧȡǣʤںܶɣҲˡ
״۹ǶԺɽ⡣Ҳѹ֣ɽشգӸ߶һУȴһսԺõط
һһϿҵԼһ֧ӡ㿴һϿȣ΢΢üͷ뻹˵֧Ǿ񣬾ȻѡһطӪԼ˶ܿطֱĺܡҪǶԷǰΧĻϿУӶӲˡ
üͷȥһѻʱȴʿɫ԰ȻˡüͷŶӹ˵ô£
ûû£ӹѾͲ˵ʲô
ô£㶢Ŷӹŭ밤˵
ӹٿɬϴź⣬ſȴǲ˵
㿴ӹһۣĿתһӹ٣ʵ˵ô£ҪңھܵоΧˡ
ӹƵѹ£ڵֵסɫѿ˵ӪͻӪһֱͷУξڵʱǲ۸ǡǣʱУξڡոҵӪأ˹ȥӪǴӪ֮һǲǶ֣
˵仰ʱ򣬶ӹٲֱ۾ڧҪͷ֪Ϊ׵ļ˶ȻҪնͷġӹ˵仰ȴĶˡϾҪǴȥУξӲˣ
öӹǣûгĶ⣬Ǽ˵ѡӪرˣƽǲͦŵôᱻ
仰öӹ࣬ȴһ仰˵
ӹˣĵڿһ£ЦԭҲһΪǾӵһ
ӹٺ붥һ䣬ϻеʹ
ѡӪŶӹ˵ڱǿտأмһСȣúòˡ
仰˵ͷһҲˣȷʵһĵط
ţЩ˵
ţӹٲɻĿ˵
ŸʲôǶҪЦӵ˶۸ǻˡ
һ仰˶Ӧ㶵ĿŶӹ٣ɻĿ㣺ʲô˼ҪԼǸӪأͷ֣ǣǴȥӪأ
УξˡӹĭֱֱĶ㡣
УƨһȥۿЩˣԼ˱۸ˣиƨУξ
ĻʿĿⶼȵĿ㣬ɲ㡣ǣ˵ĻȴѪڡУξȻȥӪأȻ˾֪֯ڧִˣҪͷģ
ˣһ˱
һǰӰҲֻǱѣżǻѪһµġڴʱЩ˵ڧĺУξͷʲôҲֲϡ
ӹ٣һۣЩ˼飬Уξ̫ˣȻ֯ȥڧ


453 
һȺ˺ƺƵĸϵأǧ˵ƲСӡܿͱ˷֣ԭӪĻӪ˲ͼƺƵ˶š
Ӫһӹվߵһӹٺȵ߰ףôʲô
ӹ͵͵ĿһۣɫվǰһŻӪ˺ȵطѡģǽ
Ӫӹ仰Ц߰ף֪Լ˵ʲô˵ǵģбϧҡ
һ仰ûӪ˶Цλ߰׵Ķӹ٣ʱ࣬ӵɴĶŶӹ٣ȴ˵һ仰
һȺӪ˶Ŷӹ٣һļЦŵǧ˶һɫͨ죬ȭͷš
ô붯ֲɣҪǲ¾õĻͶֿӪӹٶ˴Цǽŵ˿Ϊ⡣
ǻӪ̫ӹٶŻӪ˺
仰ӹٸǴЦѣ̫Σ־͹̫
ӪӹٱĵĿŰ߰һȺˣǧô۸ǻ顣ǲֻãֺǡ
㿴һĻһ䣬ǰŻӪĶӹ٣żЦ˵ҪǿǲǾͿ۸ˣ
ӹɨһۣĹ֣üͷȵðġﻹֲ˵
Цĺܲã¶ŰЦܲʶңǵУξ
һ仰ûӪһ㶣һ֮ЦˮӪûϢһëûļһУξǲöҶö
ˮӪ˿˵Ķӹ٣һݹŹ֣ԭŭɫϣӹپȻһͬ顣ǰƢҲм˽⣬˵ûã˵Ǿ͵Űɡ
ëû룿ϵЦ͵ۣĿⶢӹϡ
ûʸ˵˹ҪȻӰëεӪӹŭȵĶ㡣
ʼ磬˵仰Ҳ˵ġ˹Զҵ֡
һ仰ûӪЦƵģСУξǲȻܵвһЦ
㿴Щ˲ΪȻɫתͷŶӹ˵󣡡
ǣӹһִ쳣Ŀݣʱ׶ǵķ˲ɣս죬ŻӪշѹȥֲսûӪɫ˱䡣
ӹٸǲŵĿ㣬޷Ȼĸ֡ѵ֪Ҫε˭ӣ
ʮϢ֮ڣҪȻųȥŶӹٺȵ
߰׶ʱ˷ܵĿʼʮϢʱ䣬Ϣꡣ㿴һ۰߰ף㿴߰ͷʱһԼַˣȴŶԷӹٺȵʮϢѵ
߰һһ㣬УξȻȴܻ̣ԼֻϢʱ䣬ȴվԼߡ
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ЩȻʣһҧ˳أˮӪż־壬û뵽ˮӪȻһǰУξҪŵ



454 
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Уξļˣ˵Уξ˵ʵ𣿡
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Ļǰļɫÿ벻㵲ǵ滹ȻӾһվкԴ
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˵ϵʱѾڽսոյĴսߵսҪҵĶࡣһۿȥȫǺããӰ㿴һۣŶʮս
˵ɽֻʮأڿȻǲֹġʮҲǶԷų
ǵ۹ռźɽƣѴ棬һŴ۹ʿǶȥÿһּ꣬ô۹ʿʧء
۹ȻʿǿԷǶԷռŵյأĲֲ
磡磡
һȣأһյһһˣÿһּ꣬ڶʿڷ
㿴ɱӰһ˲䵽롣ܿļ꣬ڱĴ֮СϯХɨ˹ȥ

ÿһȻܴһѪҺȾ棬Ϊ̱ǵɳ˼Ѫȡʮֵĸɾ䣬֮ûһʿõվԭء
һ·ۣХһ㣬ܴǵ۹ʿŬҪס㡣ǣȴ˿סֻĿһ·ɱ¾
޼ɵɱ¾ܿ˫߲㽫⣬һ컨Ľ¶ϲɫߵһڽ캰˭µı
һڽһ֮ȴûһشĳЩߵȥѯ˭µˡ
ģΪ׵Ľ쿴֮㣬֮䣬ʮڷ󺰵
Χ쿴ž֮䣬㣬һͬϲʿʵҲ֮һǶ֮ʿһ
˶ӣɱ۹෴ǣǵ۹Ľȴŭȵ
£֮˲۳һ˵Ĵеսһ˹ȥЩ˵Ϊ棬˱ȴģаᴩ˼
㿴һĻЦ˴ԭ
һָ㶯֮£һЩ˲ӿĻ棬Ŵ˹ȥ

ֲĻȼ£һʿҽУһٵնĻ棬ĻȼյĿռ죬ĽζɢȥѪζǡ
ģ۹쿴һĻһȸԾкá
ڻ£ԭķֳɣӰ׵ɨȥǰϰĸɸɾӰһ·ۡȻû赲һӵʱ䣬Ļɱٸ
о쿴һĻȵʦֵס
оҲˣ꣬ƽʿסǾֻǿˡ
ڵоĺ£һ֮߱һȭֱֱ˹ҪնɱսϡԷʮֺȻǾþɳ
㿴ֱߣɫ˱䣬һɨŶԷӭȥĶһ𣬶Էһȭ£ĵɳȥݺݵڵϣһѪҺ³
һĻ춼ɴ۾ʵﵽȻû۳֮СһˣȻһȭѪ
һĻõоɫ˱䣬Ͷȥ˼߱ǰºʵ֪ɷ֮մ
ЦһȺ˵Ҫ֪ҵ֣Ϳǹˡ
˵꣬ȥֱǵüģֺ˿档



458 
Բѣǵ۹쿴һڱӿɨ˹ȥԷɨЦһһ׵缤ͳĺһ𣬳˲䱻飬Ӱؿںݺݵ˹ȥ
ɫһ䣬Ӱ˳ȥڱ˳ȥͬʱӿ㣬Ĺ
˰ΧշѹҪնɱڴˡ׼ֵʱ򣬴۹ӰΪ׵ĽЦ˶۸Ǵǵ۹ǿߣǴ۹û𣿡
ں֮УӰߣ㵲⼸ͬʱΪ׵Ľ쿴˵Сֵܷģκβ㡣
ЦЦ⼸˵ס۹ǰļҲܾ֣߳㣬ĿתƵʿϡ
ɱ֮ɱʿɣңɱĸ࣡
뵽㣬еϵӰٵŴ۹˧̨ȥ
в֪մȾ˶ѪҺڸϵ˴۹һڽߣ䵽ǰ㣬Ϊ׵Ľ쿴ʵ˭
㿴ǰ꣬Ŷʮ߰˵ӣǷһɼ㣺ˮӪУξ󽫾
㣿󽫾㾪ȵ˵Լ׸ļ飬׼ǿŶԷᣬΪ֮Ȳѡ
УξӢۣ󽫾̾۾ȴϲסĴһ˾Ȼڴǵ۹ʵ۵׷ɱӵ
󽫾ˡЦĿ⿴ѾȻս
󽫾һ·ɱ¾ȴûһ˿ѪҺȾгԾʵʱּĿ⿴սУξûа취ºɽ룿
仰㵣УξȻûа취󽫾ڴվǰĿתսϡ
ɽվվʵȥԷӸ££԰Ѵ赲⣬ͳ岻Ϻɽ롣ϲ˺ɽ룬Ǿ;ռкɽ롣
һֵļ£Էʮˣܵ۹ʮ򡣶գһһɱȥ
㿴Ҳû̫õİ취ǵĹַ
ĿתƵսսսǵ۹ǣ˴۹پӣóɽľӼ˲١
󽫾ùɽľӳͻȻ˵
󽫾ɻĿ㣬ôһԼ˶ٴ۲űƽôľ롣ǣȻǳһԷͻỺʱ빥ȥ͸ˡ
ԣˣɽĴռ˴һ롣֧ȫͶսӮսʤ˵
󽫾üУξ㲻ҵĿġɽǵĿ꣬ʹսܣֻҪɽռǾʤ
㿴󽫾˵ôºɽ룿ԷӸ£ŷƣҪȥѶ֮šȻȷʵǿǣǴ󽫾ҲˣʧҲŹһ롣ȫϺɽʱǴ۹ľʿѾռˡ
󽫾üȻ仰ȴò˵ʵһ˵һ˵Ļ빥ȥȴһᶼûС
ǿδأ¶Цݡ
а취󽫾۾ɫ
˵ͷǰŴһڼΪİ취󽫾Ķ˵˼䡣
󽫾ԽɫԽĿֱֱĿ㣬ӡ
ⷽô㿴󽫾Ц
󽫾ֱֱĶ˵֪֪ⷽһãҵͳ׳ˡ
ʼ󽫾ֻʲô취Ҿֻ뵽ֻṩ飬ǿ󽫾
󽫾ֱֱĿ㣬漴һڳʿ漴˵ҪǴ󽫾𣿡
ᣡܹϵ˵ƨ£ܿܡⳡսʤˣͬʱҲòǵʤ
󽫾ĻԼΰڰС룬һܰһΡ
뵽⣬󽫾ٴθӵĿһۣһҧߵĽ캰ȥˡ
Ϊ֮һ֪Խ˵ʲôȻ󽫾ֱ˱
ȥйɽĽʿȫսʲô취Ѵǵ۹սĽʿץ󽫾˵
ǣȻ⣬ǻǿٵǰȥܿ죬ɽĴͺƺƵĿʼڳ˵ͬʱɢսȥ
ɽĴ֮࣬սУܿγѹʤ
ǵ۹ĽԷȻˣĿתƵսЩҲľЩսľʿǷɢǣȴûСǴʱȴǷӦӦ
۹Ȼɽ룬ֶԸսľʿʤΣܸıѵ֪һˣ빥Ϻɽ
нʿĲ֮УѴǵ۹ʿһİΧɻǣԷûвɱһ׽
һĻúܶ˲⣿ֱֱĿű׽ʿ
ܿ죬ʮס߰ǵ۹סֹ߰һ㣡
󽫾˵ԷųʮҲֻǣƴô޷ȫĹɽ롣ס߰Ѿ㲻ˡ
󽫾Ļ˵ͷ˵󽫾˵߰Ȼһ㣬ǿˡ
󽫾һŷ²߰һ˵ȥѺǵ۹²źɽ
һ仰ô۹һƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ󽫾иż첽߳
󽫾ﲻ֪õоľʿƣźɽƽȥֶεĲȻ˵ˣ⴫ȥ󽫾Ҫ
ǺԵĲֶΣƣǵоʿɱԼֵܣ֪
Ŀת㣬ż־塣Ȼ֪취֣¶СЦݣһɺðֲҾԵİ취
˼취һãҪǧ֡һ쿴󽫾˵
󽫾γ֪תͷһ㣬Ŀգվ˵ȥɡ
˼һڽ˵
󽫾ҲһϵˣȻ˾ģȻҳǧܱǧʿսĺáˣ˵ˣˣȥɡ
һڽʿ󽫾ô˵Ųʵǰȥ֪Ƶܿͻᴫ½󽫾ҪԵ
뵽⣬һ̲סһۣһﵹǴģǺȷʵ˳ܵġֻô⣬һҲ˼־ηĲݣô뵽⣿һſƲЦݣȴŹɹɺ⣬ΪΣյ֮һ


459 
ʮŰǵ۹ķ²ϵǰƺƵĴѹ²ӿϺɽ롣ɽؽɫ壬Ϊ׵ķ²ɫ԰ס
˭Ҳû뵽۹ó˶ƣǺƺƵӿĴźɽĽȻ޴ĸо
ô죿ߵһƫźɽؽ˼£ͬ¶֮ɫ
׼ؽһʱ򹭼˲ңֱֱĶƺƵķ²
׼ؽף𶯿ռ䣬˴۹ĿС
žӸҵʿ۹ͻȻɫ˱䣬תͷ󽫾˵Է᲻᲻ͬ
󽫾תͷ㣬ȴ˵᲻Ǽƽǡ
仰󽫾üͷ˵ԷҪĻɱ˰ӣǾͳΪ˰ӡ
˵бİ취𣿡
󽫾Ĭ漴ȫ٣ɽ롣
ǣڽʿ󽫾¾һٵǰȥٶٴΪ֮һ졣
󽫾˿ߵ㣬һƽɫȻЩ磺Ϊǻ᲻
֪ش
֪󽫾㣬⣬Ȼò֪ش𣬾󽫾вȴǿ˵˺ֶΣ³ԹٿңΪ˺ѱ
󽫾ô˵ЦҾ
ţ󽫾ɻĿ㣬²Ҫ𲻵õĻǵҪϺɽֱ롣
ЦЦ󽫾˵ϣǲϣأ
ȻϣֻҪֵûˣʮܳϺɽ룬ɽа˳ɰն󽫾˵
ЦЦ˵䲻һʤˣҲʤˣ
ν⣿󽫾ʵ
ĻԤϵɽпܱռСһ䣬ǧͻ䵽ǵϣʱ꽫ܵӰ죬ҲޡȻֻһһ㣬һ䣬Ͼʧȥ˾ġһܽʿӵĽ㻹Ժûʤ𣿡Ц
󽫾˵ͷһϣ䣬ǧҲںںʤһɽĶҪܵõĻ۹ʵܱǼΡ
Һ෴Ц
󽫾ŹֵĿһ㣬ԼǧΪʲôϣ
󽫾֪ǰҪĻǰϾͻᴦڷ˼ڣеᵽϡϲɱͬͷſսҪҲڵ졣
ԣϣʹɽĶҪν˴βξֹϷ
ѹȵķ²ϵǰǵ۹ʿźƺƵǰķ²Źҵֲѡǵǰ棬ԼͬܶʿξʱǺһģǰ²֮УԼֵˡ
ǴʱǵȴԼֵͬЩƽˣһָϵֽɣɫ԰סһбУսȫޡĺǶҶԼ֡
ؽսȫޣѾŲȵľʿ̲סŭһң
һ仰ûͬһõʩżʿ˵ˣǵˣ棬ǵ˽
ǰȥ棡һϵ𣬵ԽԽŲʼɧ
ſʼɧĴؽɫһ䣬ߵһƫǰȥ밲󽫾
ƫϽ첽ܹȥؽʼѹЩֵĴնɱΪ׵ʿԭɧĴ΢΢ȶһЩֻؽʿȫޣԹʿ֪ĵѹֲ˶ãȵҪǱĻȻӵķ
뵽⣬ؽ̲סһģӿԵֶΣ껯ȻǺֶΡ
ؽʴӵʱ򣬰ʱڴУŰϳ֣ԭͲֵĴǴ󺰵󽫾Ⱦͬ
󽫾Ҹڷ²棬Ⱦ
󽫾ֵҲڷ²棬Ⱦǡ

һ仰ﲻУʿսϿǰƺƵİ²һԼⷽЩɧĴҪɱĶȻȫޡ
껯ֶΣֶζĵǰСˡŰ²бĪ
󽫾ô죿ؽ첽ܵǰҲˣҪǻĻǶҪϺɽˣҪҪ䡣ңڽҲǴ𺦡
ȻףԼʱսѾ۵ıԵˡҪɱЩͬ϶ûϷ뵽ǸССҶĶԼȻмȴò˼յҪδܷĲٿԼһۡ
ԲʧǣɽĶԼҪҲԲ׸ˡ
ڵǣ֮ǰһѡ
ңϺһں֮£Ϊ֮ȻһŰϡ
ڽʿ׼ʦӪǰȥ棡Ͽٵ
棬ʿһʼվһҡ
֮߳⣬ʦӪ˷²ǰ档
껯ڣ߳Ŵ۹ȵ
껯ϳ֣ɫһȵʦӪҳȥ
˵꣬ƺƵһȺҲ˳ȥҲ켣ʦӪ֮С
Ͽ߳껯һ۰²껯˵󽫾ֶΣһδ¹Ŀ࿴
ǺǣԸ󽫾ҪûһֶεĻڰ󽫾ǰֲá껯ﶢŰЦ
ǲֶΡ꽫˵ɣôܷŵЩ²ֱֱʵ
ɽ룡껯˵
󽫾Ŀ󣬲Ҹ㣬ǲܵġֱֱĶ껯粽á
ûϵ껯Цȫǰ
껯ľɫ˱䣬Ŵǵ۹ȫ׼
ԣʦӪ֮УŰϱ֣Ѿľ֪ƣôأԼ͵ء
󽫾ѡҪִˣǾɱΣ㵱²ɣϺһ㲻ںں
껯ֱֱĶŰϣһᶨ˵ĻһûϵǵˣĴԸ֡ҪҪɱĻ͸ɱΣȫǰ
ƺƵĲƽ㿴һǴһЦ⣬ǵ۹Ĺ
׼ǿӲž
źļͷ껯ͬڰϻ᲻һնûС
һĻȴЦ⣬Ȼ²˾Ұһѣ


460 ͷŷ²
һ㿴׼Ĺ֣Ӱ͵ڷɶԶȥ
ϿһƽĴҲͬʱ󺰵ȫԤ
ڰϺȫԤʱһ׵֮أһ޴𶯣˶Ĥʹͬʱһ䵽һλֵϣһɣ˳ȥ
һʿΪûϵһţȻλ˳ȥ

ûпסǧʿǧ˳ȥڷ²жʱҽ˲ٷ²ȥһһʰҪǺܶʿ˼ɾˣҪ༸
ǾˣҲããǧڷ
Ϻ껯һĻɫ䡣ϸŭȵס֣
˵꣬Ӱ䵽֮У£Ȼ׼ʿʱնɱѪҺ˳ȥѪҺĴ̼Щ˲ŻָǣϵĻֹסҪȥ
Ѿǧ˵ķ²Ϻ껯ﶼע⵽ϣŸֶ㣬񶼸껯ﲻ׵Ϊʲôôû뵽ǣ￴ǸСҶ
Żصߵ㣬껯ŭ˵˭ģ
ʼ󽫾ѵûз֣ϱ룬Ѿͣˣ̽ǴϷˡ
껯΢΢һ㶣ŰݣжڰϵĵҲż˽⡣ֻ̫ˡҪǣΪһ̽ǧʿڷĺ껯￴Ǹӡ
϶㣺û뵽￴㡣
Ц󽫾Ȼ벻СҶ
ϺߵĿҺѵΪõСҷⲻ
ʼô֪룬ڴҶΪ󽫾ɱͬ
˵ЦҪǲɱͬĻס𣿡
;ȥͰɡЦĺܲãȻֻɱ˼ǧˣǱϾڴǵ۹УҪɾҲѡ
ҶǼҶֻôһ㱰ɵļǣ㼿κβҡ϶㡣
ʼ԰󽫾ھӵ鷳ȻܴǣŸոտʼѣ档
棿ʲôʸ棿Ϸ·һЦ㲻һͼļҶѣҾ֮㡣
϶һ˵׾ʰļһӹ濴㣬ҪΪգӦôһԼ
ǣͼļҶȻ뵽һϸ£ǲ֪
ǾͿôˡʼν˵ڶԷıӶӣսϣͲУ鷳ܸһЩ
ϿҲûпһۣתͷ껯˵һʤˣɽҲҪɽһΪҸռһΣ
껯ϵĻϴżϲɫõɽ룬Ҳ
󽫾ԡ껯Ц
ϺһĽȵȫ˺ʮ
ڴǵ۹ƺƵ˵ʱ껯˵²ʱ½Żأġ
Ҳ˵һۣ˵һԭ׼µġڿǸʱˡ
ǿδء㿴ŰЦ
û㣬ŤͷŴˡ껯Ŵɽ֮УʼӪںɽСȻֻռһ룬ǰȴһ˶۵ĵͳ
껯￴ŶŰϵ㣬ɻʵʶ
ЦǰΪ
Ļش껯˼漴˵򵥣õĵͳȻ֪˭ġϹſ϶ʮǰĴڡһǰ潫ڶ̶һ겻ʱ󽫾֪˵䲻ģ곤ꡣǲòϣҲ
껯԰ϵôߣЦЦ꽫˼ǣҺֱذˣ
껯ûлش𣬿¶˼ȴĬϡ
껯ҲΪЦЦû˵ڰϣҲǺܹ˼ɵģ껯˵ǷˡԼһССУξҪһ󽫾鷳Ǽѡ
мһǲԸţڴǵ۹ʵµ׷ɱ˳껯㡣
ʼûнͣһˣǶšǣȷʵʵ
뵽⣬㲻뵽Լķ֪ԼˣôŵģҪԼҪһ
󽫾ͳ˧껯껯Ȼͳʮ֮أȴ
껯ûش𣺡ͳ˧ֻºɽ룬۵ͳʱͳ˧Ȼ֡
㣬ûȤǰ潫껯ﶢʵʿ䵱ǰΣ
һ㶣û뵽ô졣Ȼں뵽սһ֧ӶԼҲûоܾ
ĩ
껯ﰲȥ־ӣ뿪ıӰ껯ЦЦһˣȻҺͰϽа塣һܴһɽ룬
Щ²ŲţߵһƫʵŹȥڶԷ˰ʿ
껯üͷ漴ƫ˵Ѱ²ǰ潫㣬鴦
껯ﲻòţսսĹأȻˣǾͱȻ껯ｻ㴦ϣֶЩûмսսĺһҪǺа취ġ

ʲôҴ㵵Ŀƫ󽫾˵ʱ½ͷ𣿡
ƫ˵󽫾˵鴦
仰дһԼɽ󡣿ǣҲܾˣֻܽ²
Ű²ߵһʵô죿
˵ô죿ȻǷˣ
ˣʵ˵ĻԷ˰ʿ󽫾ǣҪûмսս
ﲻ֪껯ʲô˼ˡ
ȥСʱÿһʱһǧ뿪ͻȻ˵
һǧˣ㵲ѣŵĻҪŵʱ
ϵĵȻȥ

ھӪ֮У˼ʱʵ²Ż𣿡
ѾŻǧˣƫɫЩѿ
ǧˣʱѾȥĸʱ˰ɣüʵ
ǣ
ȻǣΪʲôֻǧˣѵ껯ﲻòɣü껯⣬껯ﲻ϶ֽšȻʱǣûǽģһǧһԸ⣬ǻŷ²
껯ﵹǴӦˣҰ˶ǰ潫ǣλǰ潫ȴƫʵ
ǰ潫˭ʵ
Ѿˣ㣡ƫشÿһʱһǧˣ˿Ǻ껯Լ
ü漴ƫ˵ߣȥ


461 ͵Ϯ
Ϊǰ潫ǵ۹Ĵû̫Զûõʱ䣬͸оԷƺƵĴľӪƽоĺƺƵƽĴ˿ΪҪǱĽ㻹ô󵨡ǰϲֻͬҪ뱻ǾҪ˭ŷ²
ɳҪѹȴһѹ²ֳҡȣŷ磬ЦλҲ羰𣿿ϧˣɽ羰ãȴɱɱ˲١
϶ǰ꣬˵ѷ²ˣŵǴ󽫾𣿡
ҡҡͷǴ󽫾ѾԸˣҷЩ²
ȻˣΪʲôţɫ΢΢͡
ҡҡͷǴ󽫾˵ţҲûдӦ
һ仰˶㣬Ǵ󽫾˵ˣ㻹ʲôɲţ
ΥǴ󽫾ľˣͻȻЦֱֱЦҪ˵Ļ͵ȲɱˣǴ󽫾ɱ㡣
ģ˵ҴѱɽôҸطһ㣬ҲҪһʱ䰡
û뵽ôֱ˵ѱ䣬⻹һ
۹Ľ춼𣿡ϴЦѱõĺá
ֲǲ֪ǰǴǵ۹ˡûʲô󰮺ãϲѱˡǰ潫ҲǿʹһѡԣǲҪô󽫾ѹңûáЦ
˲˵˰ѱ䵱٣ǻ˵ʲô
һͼļҶҹˡ϶㡣
ЦЦҵļҹɲǴǵ۹ҲǴ۹ǻģҹԼԶأ
Щ²ҪȻ϶㡣
ЦЦ˵ǲҪþһ׹ҡҶ˵ֻǿʹ졣սõĹá
˵꣬һָһɱһǧˣ
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ǣǰȴ˿ûáȫƾԼϲ¡
Ȼ껯ҲľٶˣԭЩ²㴦ϣľкҩʲô֮ڵģǶûսû뵽ǣȻɱ²顣
껯ﵽϿ껯˵ǵĽףԺ۹ķ²ǲҲҪԴ
껯ɫһ䣬˵ǰ潫ʲôˣ
Цðһǧߣ
ʱһȺɫ԰׵ķ²˳Щ²һ;ŵӴܣȻɱ¾˵
Ƿһǧˣϵɫû뵽Ĳ껯ĻףҪǾȲЩ²Ҫܵ
ףҶԳһѹصһµˣѶԸġ
ҪôŷŹЩ²ϿͻȻƽ㵭˵
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ûлشϵĻתͷʿ˵²
һ仰ðϺ껯ﶼɻѣΪʲôͻȻô˵
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ҪǱŵʿһǧͷǶʲôû뿪ıӰ˾÷Ӧ
Ͽ㱳Ӱ漴һ껯˵˲Ľ죬㲻ó𣿡
껯ﵭЦǵ۹Լ˶סѵǳ𣿡

ڶ죬Ϊˡ˴㵵ǣһǧһǧ˵ķšõʱܵ𣿡
˵֮ýʿնɱһǧˣ֮ŷ²ﳤȥ
˸оЩ²Ųʱַ˻
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Ȼڰûʲô˺ͺҪǣĿֻɹʲŸߡ

Ҳ֪ǲΥԵʣ껯ûй顣ǰ潫ְһֱţÿλ쿪ʱ򣬾Ͳ
Ҳֵɣѵ󷨣ˮӪҲ˺ɽ룬ǰУʿһѵ
ʱȥƺĬƵģûбսռһ
ƽûгãӰϴУЩϢڴ֮Ż䡣
Ϣ껯˷ܲѣξϽǴʱȴŻ䣬Ȼѹȥˣܸͬ鷳
ϢʱЦŷ²µľһá
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˰˱ֳɼͷţЩ֪˭нҩ
ԭҲֻһЩ鷳ȴû뵽Ū˻ĵز

ȫϣõϢͬʱҲٵӪ£нʿߡ
㲻ŰôƢϻɧᱨԼȻҪԼ϶ԸԼ
Ӫس֮ûãȻڸոյӪشȼ𡣻Ź̳ڶ
㿴̳ͬʱŵоӪظϹȥ
ʿȻ⣬ǿٵֱԷӪءϵԷһӪصĽʿӪʿǧǴϲɱǧȻûʲôܿͽսһѻѣӪյһɶЩ֮ϽŽʿ뿪ȥ硣
ɱ¾һĽʿ˼ֱǿԼֱδ֪ô֪ԷӪôٵ
㲢ûиǽͣǵ۹ļӪ̽һ顣Ӫص˽⡣ҪԸȻӪѡ֣ҪȻʱķѹã𲻵áֻҪЩӪص֣ǵķ϶㡣ǰȥԼʱԼϳɱһ˵
Ȼ¶ˡȻҲзִ磬˴β´ˣҲȫˡϾӪر˵ӪأҪǶԷûбǲߣǰҲȫˡ


462 Թ
ϱһϢܿ촫Ȼǵ۹ʧءȴ˽ֵʲôˣ˵ս޲ʤǰܼҲָҪ˵껯гԵС˾ȡǣԿȴһ֪ðǰ潫ҪǣӰż¶ıУ֪һͼļҶ
ô󽫾ȻһĵͼСʤһѣǺݺݵĳһơ۹㣬ʱой⡣һǰ潫ʤ㰲ϣ㰲Ҳ
ڴǵ۹˧ӪУߵƫ˵𣿡
ʿפһϿȿڣҲ̽Ͽȿʮխûʮʿǽңʮʿȥ껯Ҳš׳ְΧ֮ưˡߵһٵĻش
еôܡЦ˼޷Ǿٻհɡ
еɲȻνռ˵Ϸ硣ΣԼм棬ֻһûϸԭΪһﶨȻᱻԵģû뵽мо̵ġ
۹Ǳһֱл˵һǰ潫磬㿴ѰϣӰš
ҡҡͷ޷һЩ˵۶ѣòں
治ںһ԰ˣ԰һҶʹ껯ͬûзϡĶ֣ЩˣЩϹţйţŵĵͳˡ
껯ﾡҲǵͳˣ껯ĵͳȣʮǧ
ǣ˷Ը
ɽʲô״𣿡ͻȻʵ
ӦÿҪˣصЩ֡˵
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ڰͬʱ껯Ҳȫ
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ϢֵͬʱռҲʼ䶯䶯֮䣬ռһŤģڿռ䶯֮䣬ԭƽĺɽ룬Ȼʼըһ
껯ͰϿһĻϽ˺ʮ
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ǣЩͬ˷ܣŴƺƵѷȥȻҲûţѷӿȥ
ŵʿƺƵĴ˿Ȼѷ㣬оһɵ߶ڵס

Žʿʱѷ֮Уһɹ쫷紵쫷ȻǺܴ󣬿дŵĵ֮ȴýʿһ۾
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㿴һЩ·˵ߡ
Ϊ㿴˶ߣ߽ȥ֪Ҳֻѡһ·
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ǣ֪һ˵϶껯ﱩߣȻҶϹʱԹо϶ûд
ն껯΢΢ģȷʵżֱ£ù㷺ϹԹо껯ãһǰ潫ǲίˣ
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ĵ껯ȣŴдż֮ɫ֮һ𣬱ǱŰаȻûǣȴԷУҪǲܵס˶Ȼܵش
㿴նĵΪʲôǲǰˡûдֵЩǸ粽С
ɱ
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ǰ·껯
ǣֱһӣǰ˲󣬡ҳ



463 һν
һȣʿɢһɹɵǰ濪һ·
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ڰϴĴУʱһ䶯ǰʿٵ̤ǰֱֱվĶ档
ԷˣֻǷԸʿֱֱ֮ĶŰϣĿƽֱֱĿŰϡ
ռ֮УɲϵĴͰϵƮ˾ֱֱĶŶԷ㵭ȻǸĲм
з磬ʮȴȻĿⶼתƵ໥ϣԼ
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464 
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˵꣬껯ﱬȻܵĴбȲϰϡǣϾϼܴ꣬ܶУʵǲͰϡʤ껯Ȼðƾһ֮Ťתơ
󽫾ûжƷȻ˵ñо̣ôǳԼ껯ﶢŰ˵
ϱ껯ﵲסţתɱ
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Ч϶֧֣ҪȻ֧˶ˡ㣬ҵڳСкôԪ֮Ҫ;˵
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仰еٴαǣ˳ȥǶ£Ҳ˲ñԼ󣬱һԵЩǱ
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465 Сɱ
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껯￴ץŵ΢΢㶣ͬ𾪲ѡһʮ׳εȿֲҲͰˣҪǰɴȻһ츣ء
껯еЩȣȻо˵ĳ֮⡣Ҳ⣬ֱһӣͼС
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һĻϲȻࡣϾһõĿͷֻҪʱ䣬΢˵۳һռ䡣
ռȻ˵Ǵһ硣ĴڣϹҲ
껯ϷɳһͼɽȥüͷһЩĶ㣬ֻĿɨʱƽû֧ŷ׷׵صˣŴȵȫ
ƺƵĴֿʼԹƽȥȻڶ࣬Թȴͬһ㡣
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һڽʿȵЩʵҲо֮ĽʿӰһԹĴȥ
㿴һǰҲûӰһͬһȥ
ԹԶԶҪеĸӣ㲻֪˶·ɢ˶ٵǣȴҲڽԹûѯʺϣǺҲܣȻһЩ飬ǲû̫İ
תתѾͷת˷򣬶ոתʱǰֵһ㶡һȺŴǵ۹ľװֻ࣬ѣֻǳֻɱʱɫ
ȻĳҲ⼸ˣĿת㣬ǰԼ󽫾һ˺⼸¶ϲɫ˲Χλá
ȻԷǲնɱȥͣ
λʲôȫ⼸˵
벻żȻǰ潫ˣҪǲͷ񣬵ǲˡΪ׵һվЦ㡣ƴŷâһڱɭ䡣
ǸֻߴˡҲùҡǼ㶢ЦŲӾ׼뿪
ûߴûϵֻҪûϴˡӶ㡣
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ЩһɫֻεʼðɣɣҸһܣǷŹôǰõĶӵ壬ϴβСĿϺܵڴϷ֪ʲôǺˡ˵ȥҪҺ죬ڴǵ۹ȥˣܵ۹ȣǲ֪ҶôȰǵ۹ǡǡģҲòԶ簡
Ĩڰϣŭȵ󵨣󽫾Ҳڮٵģ
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ͷ͵ЦҪȥô㲻ǣҲỳɣɢ˳ɻ㰲ϺɫȥҪ¸صү
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λúȵȣЩ׼𣬸ϽǶ֮ǰһһҪǡ
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˵֮ڵӿâ¶Ʊ֮䣬ռΪ֮𶯡
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۶߶η壬ԳԪ֮ߣȴһ˿ĶûСԷﵽԪ֮Ҳ˵ھеλߡСֻҪ㹻սһ󽫾ڻ¡
˭㶢ŶԷû뵽һ㡣
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һɹɰԵѹϢűѹѹȥϣͷ֮죬ԭļˣȫѪҺǡ
һ֮Ҳɫ԰׵ĵڵϣ类Ƶģȫˮʪ
΢۾ȻǿǱϾǴ۾ѧȻ΢Ҳӳһɾ裬ҲеɾʱʵʩչĴжԵУЩǿҲó΢۾ǿѧжѣ΢۾СÿһжҪǿǰһУȫʩչʱ뻹֪¡뵽һС𡯵Ŀֲ̲ס
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Ҳ֪΢۾Ϊ޴ҲǹΪԵʡȻ΢ҪϰѾͻָеȴҲܡ
΢ŬĻָҲĵˣҪȻʱ״̬Ǿ鷳ˡ



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ͼ֮е˵ʱ򣬰Ϻ껯ٴһ֧ڶߣֻ֧Ӷʱȴûһ˱¶⣬֧ǰ棬ǰǺ嫵ƺƺһۿȥȫʲô
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Ҫõ۵ĵͳƺǱҪƵãƲǶС
ʮźƺƵ಻֪ƺо𺳣ƺ֮Ī쳣
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ȫ׼껯֣Ŵƺ֮СҲһ߽ƺ֮С
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껯ͰͬʱֻͬҵĹһŻûıʿȥɱ쳹Ƭƺ
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ѪζҲ̼ĴĽЩûıʿϵƺ֮ƽڴƽͬʱƺеһ۱飬һͬʱƺûҲ
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껯Ͱ۾ͨ죬ƽϢһͷ󣬶Ŵȵȫǰ
ƺƵǰʱԹ͵֮䣬һɹɵϵð˳ԭڵص׵Թʱıθߣʼӵصð˺ɽ档
ΰԹðʱھɽ벻Զĸһ𣺡۵ĵͳڿˡ
ƷҪˡ
ƷףҪˣ
Թ֪˶˲ܲҪͳ˧ǴֱʣΪⶫȻȥǰ

Ҫһ仰ȻầȻԭ۵ԹȻͳ˧ôȥǰģΪľȥ뻹
ϢҪǴȥ۹ứȻɡͳ˧ֱð֮踡еĶֵô
Ȼһ껯Ͱ϶ڹ棬֪һжǵͳ˧ƺõġ
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Ȼں۹ĹͣǱϾԼǽ۹Ըϡ̫ܲԿԼмֵԼǣǲŻˣ˫Ӯ飬Ż־ȥ
ȻǺܺãŤŤ֪˶Զ⵽˸ոմսƺŵ϶ѻɽʬ壬һʬ嶼УѵϺ껯ϵģȻ࿴˳۸һ
ǴЩʬսɵġоԹ֮УȻһٲɱʮı¡ЩңҺûҪȻܲȫ˶鷳
ŵϵĽӡȻѾС
Žӡ첽׷ȥûл̫õʱ䣬Ͱ֧׷ϡΪ׵ǰϺ껯ֻԶԶģŶԷоٶȲ졣
ǰ潫껯￴ɫЩŭ⣬ǰ潫ʧôãﾡһΡǰȥ̽·ȴ̽ʧˣҪǱˣ껯;ˡ
껯ﲻÿɫЦǸһ󹦣ش󽫾ܸ˵ġ
껯Ŀת㣬ͷȡ껯ǰ
껯ɫĸѿһ㵱ûͷѵҪңôûϢǵõͷ
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һ仰ðߵһƬȻһɴ۾ĿڶԷŴЦ㣬漴ϣȴѿһԲĶķȭͷյĿ졣
ڶԷӶŴƺƵǰȥ

˲ʱ䣬ֻڴԽ˲ԹԹλáֻǰһǳأǳز󣬵ȴһںǴׯϡ
ˣ껯ֹŽյĳţ˰һ۵ϣŽҴӱŽΣ
ߣϺһҲֱֱĴŴŶȥ
껯￴űţŴȵűŽײţ
ڴƺƵţ׼ײʱڴ󣬼ȵƱӿֲѹŴǶ£ˣǹɡ


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ǰ㣬˼ϤˣŶ۱ʣɽ棬ѪϹˡЩˣ۾һ΢΢˶㣬Щ˵ȻΪԼźûмԼʵݣѱǲϳ
Щ˶Ʋ磬ҪϳĻд鷳һű˰æߣһҪǱԷˣǾ׶༪ˡ
Щ˶Ŵȵ˶ɫ˱䣬Ȼǿ˶ǿߣܵס
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˵꣬ɽȻĺ޹˼ɣɨռ䶯УŴɱȥ֣εȿֲɨȥ˲ϰʿնأ֧ѪҺȾ棬̱ǵѪζӿ˸о쳣
󵨣껯ŭȣһĻͫɴѪͨ춢źɽ档
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ѪϹһ֧׼ͺɽһֵʱһӿĵס˺ɽĹһ죬ɽı˺ʮ
ڴǰһӰӰֵͬʱԶҲƺƵĽһȺʿЩʿϢʮֲֿ
ͳ˧껯￴ŵڴǰˣϲû뵽ͳ˧³κȻ
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³κûٴɽ棬漴Ŀת۱ʣ֣¿ǵ㡣
ǵҵɡǾ仰ҪȡǣҵסȴҲκβҡ۱ʺߵ
ǺαأҲǵ۹һͳ˧ΪʲôһҪ棿³κ̾һҪǻת⣬ҶȻΪ顣
㵱ɵ𣿡۱ʺߵΪ۹һֱۣ˺պսһʥּҵıȨҲӣġ
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һĻ³κҲ³κȻ֪ӰθţȻˡ뵽ڵ۹ʵ۵׷ɱӳ̲סĿ˼ۡͬҲûѣҪһ꣡
Ƚȥ³κ껯ȵϴٳǳأ
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Ŀֲɫ䣬Ӱٵңʹ£ڷɶϯӭȥһ𣬾ܿ˴еСӿѪҺӰɳȥ
ףɽ澪ȵĿ㣬û뵽ԷܱܿһȻֻһǱϾǰ
ȻɽҲܿҲûлʱ׷ɱ㡣ǵԶӰоӰżϤ
ɽüͷʧУûǰĳǳ֮С
ˣûǳصһ̣ɽڼɴ۾ʧķ򣬾ȵ
ɽһﱻһŵĴУ㶪ˡѪϹûǼЦɽһ䡣
ߣɽһۿѪϹ˵꣬͵ڻĿռǸ˱ӰŰ˷񣡡
ʲôѪϹҲ̲סһִЦϹǸ˷˰ɡʵô
Ҫطأɽ˵
һ仰ѪϹĬһ㵱ûп
˾ŷ񣡲ȷпܣѪϹ˵Ǹ˵ıӰҼ
һ仰úɽϹЦȻȵס֪ˡǲǣɱ˺֪ˡɱ
һ仰ѪϹ˵ͷȷʵɱŹס֪ˡҪĻ˵ܰǸռĶٴζȻ֪ʲôǻʲôµĶ϶ǷƷ˵ʥģǲ˵ġ
뵽⣬ӰٵԶ׷ȥ
㲢֪ԼѾ⼸˵ˣһ·ٵڳǳ֮ǳع̻ԻͣиЩƽۻǮ
Ҫ֪ʱı㶼õЩƽˡ㲻ɺûдǰӪѹЩư֮һҹֱ׾١
뵽⣬Ľ껯ͰϣԴ˶԰ǳϴһˡ֪ϴٳٻư֮
Щʱ˿ٵųǳȥ


469 ƿ
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ųǳؼ۶ȥʱڳǳصĵһλãȻһ죬Ŀⶼ۵漴һӰһȥ
ȻҲˣܿ͵˾ڴھ֮һСĳӣ֮Źӿˮת֮䣬еǷӿ
ϴ跥ǳأ㶢ӣӦþܸıʵĵطˡ
ϴ跥ǳ۽Ȼٹĳˮ۳ɵģϴ跥ǳصЧȻ˴Щ֡ȴǲȲϹһЩĵطǶͨдãеϴ˶׺Ͷȴﵽֲĳ̶ȣ˴ﵽ֮ʮЧϵԺ𣬡ҪҪĻͼȡһЩˮ
Щˮãźϵ
ľĺˮ󷨣ʲô¡Щˮ൱ġ㻹ûвͼ֮еԼ㹻ˮˡѵ
Ȼ뵽ͼ֮е΢΢ΪĲ䣬ЧҪԶԶǿϴ跥ǵЧ
˿ϴ跥ǳأȻЩ˶֪Щˮ󣬸ԿʼĳȡЩˮ
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һˮȻ٣Щǿߵĳȡ£ܿͱĸɸɾںˮĸɸɾͬʱڸɿʵĳУһ󣬴
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һŭ֮Уڴϣһ죬͵£ʹվһ㣬ҲоҡΡǣҡμº󣬴Ȼ
۱ʿһĻüͷ˵λ۵ĵͳҪƿ֣ܳλһ𣿡
һ仰˵˵ͷԼȥֲӿֱֱŴ˹ȥݺݵײ󡣺¡쳹ա
ǿȻڽʮſʼݡŴѣ˴ϲٶȸǿֲһȥֱֱġ
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һ죬Ȼѣʯڿռ仮һۼһƿ֮
֮ĵ֮Ӵѳӿ֮۳һӰӰɣ磬ѹ£һǿɫ䣬ıȥ
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ײһ𣬿ռ䱬ѿһ޴ѷ죬ѷű˼ϵûеסӰĹڶǿƷɳȥһӿѪҺ
ʹ棬ҲѪĵĵѪҺһۡ
Ϊ֮ҵǣӰɢɢͬʱǹɹȴûֹͣй¶һɹ糱ˮһӿγʵʡһĻ˸ȷţƷȥƷЧ˾
ڶǿһȴֱֱĶųеʱȻоһϢ۾һ˳ƿȥȴɽֱֱĶ
֪ǲɽ㷢֣Ҳ⣬ֱǰ
ѪϹʱҲ䵽ɽߣ㣬˵Ϲ˵Ǹˣ
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ѪϹõ϶Ļش´һ漴˵ͷм񡣲̫ǿһЩ
᲻ᣬŹץסúһ˵ɽ͵Ц
Ѫ濴Ц˰ɡʶ͸Ͻöϼһɲʲôˡ
˼պ˾ȻĿתƵһϣ˴㵣ȻʵҲֵͬʱɡ
Ϊ֮ȵʱһӰУðΧλáŶ۱ʵľٶһǲ˼顣ֱֱĶ㣬֪ʲôȻպİһΧ
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ȻˣǾͰˡɽЦ
³κۿ㣬ɻ󣬲֪ʲôʱֲļһȻϵ£Ǵ˿ȴûвֵ˼ֻоȷʵܲͬѰ
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ǵ˵Ļ㿴³κ˵
۱˵Ļˣһʲô˼Լҵ̤ʯ


470 
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ƽҪΪ󽫾ֱ졣ǣŶ۱̤ʯͼ򵥵Ķˡ۱Ϊıƫƫ۹κáԼҪɱǾǴ۹ջһƬһ޴Ĺ͡
⹦ͷһ󽫾ȴǹġ
գίˡ㿴Ŷ۱˵
㻹ǵԼɡ۱ʺߵ
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еĵ֮ͬˮһӿͬƽڽϵʱԭлɻΪʲôΧˣʱ׹ԭһֱϻƱ˿
۱˶һۣ㹥ȥ񱩣ռһռ£Ƶƽȥ
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ѪϹ˽У˲оһɭɫ䣬Ʒ˲֪ĵ֮ȲأҲԲСӵġ
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ģҪʵš

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ģһ䣬ʱޣȻʵӽʱҲӳ˲٣һֱսȥʱ鷳ĻԼ
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ף˾ס
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ģײϱ׵磬ѪϹһ˴ѣס㹥ͬʱҪסЩĹԭվϷǣ׵£ԿɶӲ
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۱ʼȻƴű׵ҲҪʮԸһһҧҲ׵繥㲻Ҿ𣿺ߣǱ׵ܾ˶ѣ˻ܻţ˵Ϲնɱɡ
˵꣬۱Ҳʮɵ㹥ȥȫǺġ
Ц˭ҲˣĺܡϧҲȴĺܲҡ
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471 
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һĻҡҡͷ㻹̫ʢˡܾ˵Ĵ򷨲ʺϾԷĴڡд򷨣ֻ㴦վ
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㲻ʵ٣ȴС𣬴ﵽСһСռһҲǿԵġ



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ЩȣȴĽͣƷһεĴڡЩƷף˾ʧˡף˻ܱԼԡкôԺ׶ԵУɱǡ
ϵĽͣҲ˵ǰ׶ԼĶԵûʲôáǣҪܴһϢĻǶԵодˡ
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ͬʱ˵ͷϣʼƱ鲼һ׵紩Уֲ׵£ֱֱĺ㡣
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ϵļһɹϵĺҪѶԷĹǶԷϾһǿߵͳһССİܺġһ£Ȼ˿
󼱣ǾҲӿȥȴ𲻵á
Χ˿һĻһ㵲ѣСǸʲôѵͳɣͳǾͳΪһۣǶôĽ顣
оԼ嶼Ҫʹͳһ㶼ȤҲ֪Ҫ屻ô㲻ȤҲᱻǿнܵͳ
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ͬʱ֮ϣӰ£һǵӻʹǸӡӵߣվһһϮ۵ӣӵķâȣȻƽ棬һȪˮƵģѳ
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û˵ľηǰĿת۵Ӱһ˶ѣҲǿдеͳ֪
Ӻһ۵Ӱϣ˲ҽһܵĿռѿһѷ죬۵ȫɡ۵Ӱʱ˼֡
㿴ӵֶΣҲ𺳲ѡʵġ
һƬžֱֱĿŸոջҫӰͬһ㣬žη嶢ӡ
磡Ÿʲôֱ˾ǣߵЦһֻд֮ûд֮ʵˣϴ֡
ӿһˣЦЦתͷ۵Ӱȵ·ߣһǳʵʵĹУҪԸ⣬˵Ϊѡһ۴ˡ
ȳ֮дޱϣ·ʱ򶼱ƿƵģ鶼˼ġ
۵Ӱɺȳ£Ȼʧû뵽صףûص׵ʱٴӵ֮Уһʮ׾޴֣ĵ֮ӿС
Ʒ򣡡˵ɴ۾Ŀʮ״дż𺳣Ȼٲ˳ȵ̰
ųֵҲϲ⣬Ʒץ˹ȥ
ץȥͬʱһʵһ˺Կ׳ǾȻ֪̫ˡ
İӵֵ֪ʱӵĶ棬վһߣһȣϵһʮߡִͷ
ߵĳ֣ЦЦЦ֪ǰڴˡǰǲǹ̫ܵһЩ
Կ˭ҲҪǺǣ߾֮߶˵
ЦǰΪκεңܴᶫǰֻڲǰˣ
ǾͿֶˡЦŹȶ˶ٵ棬ʱ㿪ʼռȻŤһ˹ȥ
Ӽ״ЦЦ׼֣ȴߵֹֺαԳ֣㹻Ըˡ
˵꣬ȹεӹЦǰȻѾã治ǵġҾ׾ٵĵסǰ
˵ֱ֮һӣǰʼֹˮˮᣬһˮͬϯȥ
䣡
ϣһ죬ֲ׵ľˣճһ޴ѷ죬ǵأءƣֻɢһ㣬ȴһǿ߶Ѫɳȥ
˾Ŀˣ޷˵ʵʵ֮ǿĿ⿴ıըУȴ˿ˡ
Ϊ֮ȣƷǾƷͬѰܵס˿ֲĹ
ǰһΣϵ۰ɡӿЦǴżЦ⣬ȴϺҪ
ȴκβңЦڵӿӵһ𣬶ʱձһԵֲ˷ĵ˳ȥⱬϣನСһǶûֵ
˿һĻ޷۵ĵͳôǿǰǿᣬһᶼûС˿ֲʵҪ˵Ż֮ҲΪ
ǵÿһξٶܽռ䡣
ͬԶ˵Ĵ򶷣ָ㶯֮䣬һϵıֲΧ棬
㲻ɹŹֵĿһλõȻֵǮǣ㲢öԷᡣй֮ԵˣƷҲûС
οǵ˺ʮֲ䡣ˣȴûƫӡԣȻűá
䡭
һ죬˵ӿײһڷɶ
˿ڿյ򣬸Ӱ׷˹ȥ˵ٶȲν죬ʹ۶塣ǣ˽֮䣬֮ϣͻȻһֻ֡
һֻôָ֣ϸУͬ֬˼£ֻƳ֣ץϣԭʮ׾޴򣬾ȻıС̶ʱ䣬ͻһŲЦ䵽ƵġͰϣ쳣
˿ֻƣ΢΢һ㶣Ӻȴɫ䣬ӿͬʱֻƺȥ
ȥһȶָǹһ
ǹײһ𣬰ˣӺ߶֮Զ
˿пȻһֻ׾ٵĸˣһо˼飬ԼǲΡ
찡½ôô̬⻹𣿡һ𺧲ѡһӣ벻Ĵڰɡ
㿴ǰ֣۾оͷӡŴӡ֮еоŨ
ֱֱĶճֵֻƣѵӡ㲻֪ȴúпܡ
ӱˣ䵽Уд󼱣˵磬㻹𣿡
ӿֱֱֻֻۣûʧҡҡͷҳҲס
˭д󺧣û뵽Ϊ˵ĴȻ˵һ仰
ָָһЦ˵֪ɡ
ӵɴ۾дŲ֮ɫôⶫ
ҪΪʲôҪѵΪȺһֱû𣿡ЦҲգȻᣬ͸һӣⶫΣ
ô˵ӵ˵㣬ȻΡȴҲ֪֣ĽõġܲԼᡣȫòʧ
ȣ̾һⶫϧˡ
ЦƷںǣǼ򵥵ľƷô򵥣һݡ
ûϵ˭õܱܲǡЦ
һ㶣漴ͷҲֻܰ
߼ȡߣƺҲ֪Ǹ˵ݣȻʣȴûеȥ鷳ֻܲʵ뿪
뿪Ǵһ˿ζЦ⣬ʧԼУŰĿתϣ



474 ĸף
˰Ŀתɫһ뵽˵Ĳ࣬ɳ˼ҲûãǿҪԼԼĻᶼûС
һɨֱоԼһסں޷֮£˴ڿնڼ˸֮䣬䵽һɽ֮ۡ
ɽ壬ȴĬһ仰û˵˲סĴԼЩëԼڿһ۴С̫ŮͨɱԼǿ൱Σա
Ǹλǰ֪ʲô顣ĿˣƵϷԼ˷ۣôסƻļһ
ǸƵЦݣ㵱治ǵˣ
üͷֱֱĶӣȷʵоЩϤȴ˵ʶ
Ӷ˵
һ仰кһɴ۾ĿǰӡԺнһӰԺгֵӰžŷơҪ˵ͬĵطֻϣŲͬ
ˣӶЦ
ֱֱĶӣôҲû뵽һĸ׾Ȼ֡һֱΪѾˡ
ǽ壿ԴĸףԴˣ㿴ʵ㶵Ŀߵӡ
ǺǣԭΪʱǲС㣬ǵǡû뵽ǵǡӿЦԴҽߵġ
з˾ξˣǰˣ޷һĸĸȻ˿ֲĴڡףΪʲôӻεľԼˡ
ԲԣЦԭ׼ٹЩټ㣬ֻû뵽Ҳ㡣ҲգȻˣǾ֪ˡ㻹˼㽭塣
ǺġЦЦ˵ɫָһֱΪѾˣȴû뵽һǰҲ⣬ȻǿΪʲôĿԼĺһҶ
˵仰ûԹֻеʳϸ˵Լǵĺӡֻǣ黹ǰѲ˵ġ
ǣ⻰Ӻȴ̺ԹƵġЦһ˵ӼҪһ£ȴٴλصСΪһЩԭ򣬲ܴǰԣڵ
ʲôԭ򣿡ʵʲôԭԼӶˣ
Ȼ仰ҲԹЦһԭܶ࣬ǲø㡣֪ҲⲻˡһУ
ʼҲʣֻԭȴӵĸȤôǿһˣȻô˼ɣ
Щ꣬ȷʵίͽԴʥԤԱƣɲܳɽԣЩֻСίҪԸ⣬ҿԴȥ˵
𣡡ҡҡֵһҵļҶôǰ;ְҵ
ӵʵصλʮָߡǣȴǴһ𡣱ϾⲻԼĸĸ㲻һˣռ˼ҵ壬ȥƭ˼ҵĸĸ޳ܵ飬
Ȼ㲻ɵĸǡԼѾǶˣ˵ȥɱ˲Ź֡
ЩϴҪѡʲô˼ˣҳΪԼɡûʲôҪ󣬾ϲɡΪһ֮ӱ˴ѹơЦԣڵ飬ǲҪҵĺá
˶һۣ̾һϣ߳δ߹·˵õңεĹԲԣ
ɻĿ˵֪ңΣ
ѹ㾪ȣĹҲϤ
˵һҡֱϾǻһ״أǴǸĿռõİɡΪʥԤԿĻĿռ䣬Ĺˡ˵
ʧ˵ٻĹ׵ݣͻŹϵѵҲɱ壬Ừ屦﹦֮һ
㻹𣿡ӿЩӣ˭ʱڱ᲻
Ǽᶨ˵Լ治޶ԷǺܸмԷȹΡ
ֻ˼ᶨĻشûͻɫǿɬ
ǰǰվвԷףһ˵ҪûʲôĻˣ
ȵȣ˵ĲԸһȥ
ãԼĺáҪǺһԼĺӶչˣԼЦϲɡ
ӵ˵ͷǾɡˣϴνĶúţҪڣŴá
֪ˡ㵹ǺܹϾһĸĸ
УԺԼСġǲ¶㡣˵
ǣ

һӦΡЩж
꣬ͻȻȵǲܳˣܴﵽʵǸµĹͰɡ
һû뵽ӾȻܲ̽ôشʱ򣬺ϵӰĳֱֱ֣䵽ǰĿ⿴ǰӡ
ǺǣʵȻƾҽҳҵĴڡ˵ĸףңһαʥңֱֱĶЦ
ӵۿźϣдżֲ֮ɫ˭
ѹӾȣһ˸֪Һαʥ֪֮֡ǣ֪ڶĴڡˣܵϹＶġ
ǺǣҪң㻹Ҫαʥҡ⺢ӾͱˡɢϢӦҵ屦䡶ءɡⲿֱֱ֮Ŀ˵
ǰ˭ɫٴα˱䣬еľأֱֱĶźϣ֪̫ˡҵĵؾȻܱһ۾Ϳ
ϼһûԿգϿֱֱ˵
һ仰ӾֵĿźϡҵڣԿյ飬֮УҲֻ֪ΪʲôҲ֪
ǰʲôˣֱֱĶźϣȻóһ꣬Ҳ޿ֵԭ֮һ
㲻ôţֻһ꣬ҪҪңҲܷЦֻϼһϧˡⲿ֮ڵĹΪʲôһҪںϣҰĵǲС
Ĵ㡣Ȼϲ˵Լڡ
˵ʥԤԶӰ춼ܴ󡣺Ǻǣʥǿ֮µһ仰˶ų
ʥ˵ԤԣһûгĻÿ˸Ҳšӻش
˭ܱ֤ʥ֮ʲһΪһˣϹЦ
ǳ鴤һ£ǿߣ
ǰڿԸң˭˰ɣӶʵưѺ



475 
ûлشӵĻǿЦʵҵĴˣӦɣ
һҼ˵
ѹ֣Ǻǣ㵹һÿɽ˵Ҽͷųȥܶ˵ɡգϼһڸʲôչأڲ͸Կգ
ȷʵڱչء˵
ϵ˵ͷܼ𣿡
üͷź˵дȻȥڡ
ӵĻ˼ǣûǰȥţдµĻæҼݣ϶Ϊµж٣һ仰˼ǣҪڼѣ
ǺǣǾͺãϷ·û˼ָ㶯һ۳һֱ֣ȻĪ⣬Ϊ졣
֣ɫ䣬ɴ۾ĿǰӰǡءء
ǺǣǸϼһûңЩС֪ˡЦǷһ飬ʱÿԻˡ
ӹĿźϣôҲ벻ߵˡڶܹĶݣǷһ顣ǵǺεȵĿֲʱ뻹ˡһ˶ž֮ȥĻѵԷһٷͻȻǲԵȵģ
ԣһֱеĿԿյľ磬Ҳһԭ֮һ
벻ǣǰĺϣȻҪ飡ϲϲǣܻˡǣҪεѣ
Ӷźһ֪ܾˣֻܻش˵
ָһ㣬ֻһˮΣģⶫϼһ֪ô
ǣӵͷ
㿴һĻ㶵źϣо˼顣ϵʲôȻ˶Դ
㶢Щ˼ʱվʵֻǲ֪Ϻ⺢ʲôϵ
ҵӣ˳ڴ
һ仰ӴϲͬʱҲ׷ʦǲؼ廹áԭ㲻ʱҲ׷
ΪոΪϵǸӹ˵
޷Ϊ˸ĸൣһҲûд˵ֻҲϣǴؼǼνĴСǱҺ֪صǼ壬ﵽ߶׾ܴﵽǣԺ·ͱˡЩʱԼŸõķչ
һγ֪µʱһ
ܲܵԲ֪ʹʧˡҲٴΰӻȥʱܵͳҲһЦ
ӵ˵ͷһ۵Ҳգ飬Ͳˣϣǰչһ
ģҵĵӡЦȻǻǲҪչһģ̫ˡ
Щ˵ĶԻһ仰岻졣ԼСˣǾȻ̫ݡǣ뵽Щ˵ʵһƢûС
ˣǰĶȻڡ˵Ȼһβ£ֵþڡ
ȥɣϼһǻٴֵĻᡣ˵
ӹһ漴˵ܱǸôһֱߣԭ¡㻹ףҾĸס㲻ϡ
ԭΪԼͲԼĸˡһ仰û˳ⲻ˵һϻ
㲻ϣһ㸸ף
˵仰ӿһۣûռʧ
ʧҲЩ㱡û뵽ԼҶݣȴݡ뵽⣬㲻ɾ޳˭Ҳ벻ɣ
ϼʧЦôʲôо
Ȼ֪ʲôһɽһģԺϷҸŮûʲôˡЦ
Цһ䣺ûϢҪҼӵݴȥ˵ϷҸŮǵŮѡңǵ۹ʵۣŮֺ㡣
ôɴ۾
ЦЦ˵˵Ҫ˵֮һҲΪϼһΪһ飬ֻһˣһϹŴĴŸˡ˵
΢΢㶣ϹĴţǵ̺ε֮ǿ˼һ˾ˡȷʵ쳣ϺֱԺԷΪϼһȻҲصĴڡ
ǺǣǾ㻹ңԶɣʵõף׵ףȥܵͳ̫ϧˡ˵ԣȻݣҲԸͽǵĵͳС
ЦŵͷҵǲǵĵͳǵǣҸŮţ
ٺ٣ȻҲҪСĵǣŵҸŮ˵ĳٰģһ˵ͱˡϺٺЦңǿǿǶҲ࣬λףǼ֮λĲɡ
һ漴ҡͷ˵Ǹҿ˰ɡҾã˱Ƚϴ飬˼ҸŮ
ֱ仰ûָ֮С
ϣҪǻʲôʵ
ûʲôСѣЦԭҲ˰ңû뵽ݣýϵϼһ׼һЩ
ĵףջ̫ҪûпŵˣͲҳ֡񵱳ĵ۹ʵۣʶҲҳΪ˵һ仰ΪѲ⡣
ЩˣҪݣͬҳ֡˭ܱ֤ҾͲ⣿
ںϺܷģԼʦϼһʲôѡ붼롣ΪˣѵܻԼ˲ɣ
Ҳ˷ܣԭΪһûͷĻᣬû뵽һһ

ͺ˵ͬʱҲ˵磬ʲôˣ˹Դ
Ǻǣһ漶ĴڣڣҲӹһֻˣֻû뵽ǣţֻ塣Ҳֶ֣ΣǳġӸ̾
ڿӵһӺ𺳣ڵʵǺǾȻӵһֲ
ţֻ֪Ǻ־Ǳ־ֻû뵽ǣΪĵӣѹûǰ£ﵽСﵽܣ̫֡˵յԴɲ١
Ӹо𺳲ѣ漴˵Ҫǻʲô
ҡҡͷ֪ǰⶫڰɡҪǻĶǲ򵥡
˵⣬̾һ뵽ʲôƵģǺӣԹСѹɩֱӼ
ӿЦһɣǻϵġԴʱǽҸ
ӵ˵ͷ˵Ҳãû֪ӡ˲鷳


476 Һ
³κųǰ㣬΢΢һ㶣㱻ǿ˴ߣҲҪѲƤû뵽ȻĻ뵽˵ʱ˵Ļ³κЩŹѲһǿҲн鲻ɣ
ͳ˧ˣôˣѵʶˣǺǣңܲ˼ģ㶢ŶԷЦ
һ仰³κǺһЦλǰȥʲô
ʼȥ죬˳̽һ˵ˣ
³κ仰ʱ֮ԱǡҪڵˣ죿ͷɻڴˣ
³κ飬Ҳͣ˭˵ʵ
Ǻǣϲ˵Цˣˣʲôţ³κ˵
㿴³κЦЦ˵ͳ˧˲᲻ðɡ˵նɱ۱ʣͳ˧˾͸һ󽫾λ
⡭³κȷʵǽʵôֱӣȴҲܾˡҲȥ̽ĵϸԽ̽ԽоȣһȻʹǵ۹ĵǳź׳ǵһ֮ƣھҲպȻǵ۹ʵ׷ɱ飬ȻҲǾʵġҲ֪ھǵšӡ
³κҪǾܾ֪ӻʲô飡ۿ۱ʱնɱ֪ԷĿֲ
ӣ󽫾Ȼϡȴһܾģʵ۱ΣٵһЩʱա³κ˵Ҫ־
Цͳ˧˲ԶŰɡԶҲǲԡҪ˵ĻҾֻˡ
³κһҪ˺˵ͺˣ˵ĺҪˣ֪ϻ᲻һڲֱɱӪϡ
ӵȵȣ³κ׼ߣϽҪӴ󽫾λãûȨޡﵽ󽫾һҪʵ۱»׿ϡܸһ󽫾ְ֮ûд󽫾ĵλд󽫾֮ʵ㿴Σ
ɽЦֻҪʮС
³κ仰һ˵Ȼʮʱƿءͬʱűº࣬ϣͬĴ󽫾ְ֮
˰ֵ⵹νֻʮǲ̫ˣ
³κϽ˵ʮѾǼˣս̫ࡣңÿһ֧д󽫾ְ֮ȡʮѾܲˡ
ȻѧϰŵƣҲ֪ԷǲٶˡʼҲգʮͶʮ򣬾ɡ
³κһ˵ȻӳΪ󽫾Ǿ͸һˡ۹ɱѪЫڣɰϴ죬ѪЫ۹æӾǰȥѪЫڵסϵĴΣ
֮Ц³κȷʵΪˣԼҪ󽫾ȨҲǶԿϣ벻Ͼ˹
ȴ֪³κԼĴ㡣ȣϾǴǵ۹ˣͶԷĵǧ˿ƵĹϵҪǺͱ˽֣֪᲻ˮǣһˣսòܿơѪЫȻ۹ҲѪЫڣǵ˵ĵ˾ѣȴҲԽѪЫĴǵ۹ıһǣ³κҲ̽ˣͰìܼ˵ǳȥԸϣҲˮͬоȷʵżףҲ˵гԿ顣
һˣǰȥԿǵ۹¹ϣ
ӣжȥԮԣСһЩ³κ˵
ͳ˧˶ȫûһʲôЦ
һ仰³κǺݺݵĳ鴤£һŴǰȥѵʹȫûⲻɣ
ӣҪȫûĻ˻Գնɱ㣬նɱ۱ʣѵ㻹ס˲ɣ³κһ
ЦЦЦҺͰϳ纣˲һѵͳ˧˻Ҳɣ
仰³κɫ΢΢͡ҪԭôŶʮǰȥֵϡ
ӣмǵáѪЫڲҪģҪǽѪЫڵʵ۹ĴҪܾòȫͷѪЫڵǰ档³κ˵
һ仰˵ͷͳ˧˷ģзִ硣
仰³κ˵ͷȥδ󽫾ɡ
˵㣬ûм˵ʲô

ڶգͽ˴󽫾ְ֮Ȼ㵱ǰǰ㣬Ǵ㵲ѣǻûмôġ
ֱǷ˼һУξ̶ʱʹﵽ˴󽫾ĲΣٶ˭ȵϣЩ룬ǲǻʵ۱µĻӣҪȻôͳ˧Υ顣
˾оȣȴҲ֪ϲ˶⣬ڳ˼Ķ֮һʵΪĽ֮оȻʵﵽ֮ġʱӦûӦк޷֮
ȻģǿܱסĴ£ƺƵѪЫڿȥ
㲻֪ѪЫε˴ǵ۹Ҳֻ֪ǣϽϹȥΪոմﵽԪ֮Եʣں˷ֿ󣬾ȹһԼľ硣ȻΪ׵Եʣ᲻ʲôȹ̡ˡѧһ飬˶ʱ䡣
ǰϵĴѾѪЫˡԣٶȲ
ȻѪЫڵûϵϣǣѪЫڲôҪȻԼԿⰲϵĴЩ鷳
һΧѪЫʲôԭ֪𣿡ߵһ졣
ش󽫾˵ΪѪЫǰȥǵ۹ɱңԲǵôǵ۹ŭٵĻش
һ仰㵣ͬѪЫ벻ǾȻΪԼĺڹ
СЫӡ̾һбҪľȾ˼ˡ
󽫾ôˣߵһˣʵ
ҡҡͷû£٣ȫ
ǣȻоٶѾܿˣǺܿĹ᳹ȥ󽫾ƢԣҪһ¡һҲУǲҪ˵˵ǵȴľһ⡣
˼Ҷ֮޳ܵ˵ʲô˵˵ô֪˺ģʲôһáǸ˭ո˵ʲôû˵һ飿
ȻɵΪûû˵һ飬һ⣺ո˵ʲôһû˵һ飬ôСĻҵĶ˵˺ģ
Ǹ챻⣬ظκŷӦϽı˵һģһűʾˣļ򣬺Ǹ̾˵Ҿ֪Щ˶Ǵģ뵽һ˵ҵǿеġǺǣԺʲô˵ĺ
ֻ˵仰ʱ򣬺ܶཫ춼Ťͷ


477 Сսһ
һ·Ͼʿп಻ʱͻȻӪӪֿ֮ʼôѵһ󷨡ûżѪЫڵ˼
ʮݱĪ󷨡Ȼûɳǰȥ̽ǰѪЫڵ
ѵɲϣҲųǰûлʱ䣬ܿ͸˻
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480 ְ
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ѪЫһʹ󽫾һûˮԴܻĺúõġ
𣿡Цûϵ⼸Χǻּܼ졣
ǿɲ㣡Цò󽫾Ҫһ㹦ⲻǿϧһ𣿰ϣҪȻǱһΣ
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һµʱ䣬ǵĶԼҪС˫ҪѶԼǰΣʮսһʹĽʿ
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Ҳ֣ϹŴУ޴ʵ׾١οϻꡣ
ڿնİϣѪЫ˵ͷҲڿն


481 Բ
ȻҲڿն𣬰üͷû뵽ͼļҶȻҲܴﵽС뵽һѪ̲סüɳȷʵ̫ˡ
ѪЫ㵹ǲ⣬ԪԲʵ̾ʵҪûдﵽСǾˡңѪЫãٶȣﵽͬȲҲ֣Ҳ˼ԭ֮һ
ָ㶯һָȼն֮ӶмʵΣһ׾ٰ㡣
ռڻ»һ޴ĺ⣬ųȵ¶ȣһ㣬žϣ˹ƾˡ
㿴ɫأָ㶯һӿֱۻ֮䣬ܵ۶Ǿ
һ־ǱǾ˿û֡ϵʵ˼һ£־ܱʵʵڳԪԲ
ӿɹգɱ飬Ө͸ıɢĺͻ˽һȽ棬ӿһɹ쫷磬Űռ䡣
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ͻһһһһ𵴵Ŀռѳһѷ죬ľӶײͬһŰաϴŵǧʿĵ˳ȥĿֱֱĶ֮ϡ
ӰؿѪ²ȶжϵֱֱվ϶Űϡ
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ƲǱȴк㿴ŰϴЦȴԼñǾ϶ȲһϵҪǣԷϹŵͳˡ
κһϹŵͳС˭û캳ĵơԣͰϵĴʱһսʮ֮žŶǰ;
ϧ̫Ҫɱ㣬ʮСϵ˵ҶǼҶԶԽšʹƭһ󽫾Σ
ٶ̶ƭһ󽫾أ󽫾λ˲ȻңĵĴЦ
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ųӰٵһӰӣܿĹֱֱĺϣ㱻ķ顣
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һ죬ճ֩һѷ죬Ҳĵɳȥһ˿ѪҺ
ѪЫԼ͵Ϯϵɫʮѿû뵽ϷӦô죬ʵôǿ
ĨһǵѪҺ漴˵ıԣ
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ѪЫŰ˵ȷʵС󽫾ˡ
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ŭһˣԼ
˵꣬˹ŰâȻһû֡
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ǣȥ͵͵Ŀһ۰Щ԰׵û뵽ԼĴ󽫾ֱһѣǶԷ͵Ϯô󽫾Կ١
Ͽһۻصǽվ￴㣬һǧʿ˵Ӫ
ڳǽϣŰϻصӪ¶һ˿Цݡ
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Ы⡣ˣЫܴĦԷʵ𣿡ѪЫ
ϵʵȼӦڳԪԲӣʵ뵱ҲϹŵͳĴˣȻԳȻȼͬҾԲĶ֡
仰ЦЦ˵Ȼ֪ЫûشҲ⣬ԵСͿˡ
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⣿ѪЫɻĿ㡣
ҪʲôЦ㰴˵УֻҪ˴γɹϴָտơ
һ仰ѪЫɻѣֻóš
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󽫾ڽ쿴˧̨İϣһɫݣҴ˵˭鼫䲻á
Ҳ֪ˣһֱǸССļҶһѡǴ󽫾ԸǺԸҪǱƻһ㡣ǣһļҶβŭ
˰ɣɨһڳĽ죬ƽˮнȴ˾ǶԽԽҪλҪȻȻðĺܲҡ
ʲôϢõǳˮˮԴֶܼãһ˵
ǳرǲΧǵ˳ǵҲȥҲ̽ʲôϢǷӦüֲˡϽش



482 ҷ
۹ʮأʵ
ĶʮһԱߣʱڴľƺҪ촬ɺӣ⣬ɳȥҲ²ΪǿСٵĻش
ۣü˵Ϣɷʵ
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ѪЫһܴ۹ϲҲԸѪЫڡ˵һԸǣǲ²ⲻѪЫڻֶܼá
ϵķһ˵ͷ
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û˵֪˾Ҫ˶Էʮ
ڰϺһڽʱһʿ˽ѪЫɳһǰƣ󽫾ᣡ
̲סˣǴһЦʿȵԸᣬֻҪ뿪ɱûơ
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ʮҷ𣿡ѪЫɴ۾Ŀ㣬Ŀǲ̫ˡʮҷĻҲ˵ô⣿
ѪЫȻţᣬһǷ˵Ȼȥ˯ˡǵãÿʱȥһȥɧһ¶Է𳬹ǳﴦȻԷҪǲ⣬ϼҪǣ˯þ


483 ܹ
ѪЫĻص˯˶ˡҪǰȥļȴѪЫס󽫾û׷˯ˣɱ
һɱѪЫֹЦõĿһɱȻ㣺ʲôʱˣô˼˯㻹˼Ҷʮҷ𣿣
ѪЫɫʮѿһЩһŤͷ뿪ԽԽãνĴ󽫾ҼҡһΪ󽫵ӣ
ѪЫڵ˦뿪һҲЦ˲ѡĴ󽫾ҲǼƷȻоΣȴµľֻء
ڷ˯ʱ򣬰ϿʱʱɧһѪЫɫ࣬Ȼ֪ǰģ̲ס
ʮʰ㣡Ͽųǳصķ˵

ǵ۹Ĵפں֮࣬ǵǼ±ĺˮˮʵٶʮֿ죬¡¡ļ֮
ѾŴΧˡһʿվһǰѳϢһĸָܴĽ졣
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׼ˣʿ˵
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ܿ죬һڽͻһ𡣿Щ죬Ϊ׵Ľ˵ѾŶʮΪ׵ĽƵ츣
ǰϴӣ˴㵣û뵽汻Ǵ󽫾˵ˣϾȻķ󽫾ôģ
ҪǰϴҪľǸϽӡо̵ǲò塣ʮֶΡ츣Ļһƴ
󽫾ԸǵĶλ˰ɣ˵
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˿ĺƵˮӣںӵϵЩһӲˡ
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뿪һĺˮֿһۺһϿȣϿдϿʯڼźˮµĿ϶̫󣬴ž߰׶ѵӡĴӣԵʮСԺˮܷ
һǸ򣬴ֿһԼվŵĺӵ̣ӵƫߣվĿĴӪɫء

츣ŴƺƵĿǵ۹ԶһƬľӪǸ߸ߵĺӵ̣ɫ仯ų˵ʱˮӵ̶Ŷߵľ룿
ؽӵ̻ҵľ롣
츣˵ͷò⡣ҪǺˮԽӵӿµĻһ鷳ӶԷںԱߣԷˮ֮
˵ӵ̻׾룬΢΢ģסˮҪԽ׵ĺӵҲѡ
ǵ۹ץĽʿ츣ʵ
ںӵϣΪǴ촬ֻ
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츣ƺƵʱ򣬴ȵѹŷ²ϵӪ֮ǰ
ʱʿѹ²ƺƵĸϵ˾Ӫ֮ǰ츣ǰ档
ſ²ǲ츣Է²ǰŭȵǴ󽫾Ѿڳǳ֮УͶɱ
ȵ˺ҪȻЩ²һˡ
츣²üͷû뵽Է²ơ
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츣ŶԷˣǷ˲١ԷǲҺԼӲһ۴ľӪ츣ԼĵǶġˮԽӵ̣ЩҲӲˣѵ˭ѡͬھɣ
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ԷǰһףҵȾͿʼնɱ²Է
츣֮ϷЩϲɫԷɱ˷²ԼʲôϵԼһӪȲͷǣڰ˶Էս˵㲻ʲô
ȫ٣ɱ츣
ڶԷ֮УŲҽ֮츣˷ܣٴμ١
ŴӪ츣󺰵Ϻӵ̣
˾ӪʱԸռƻ£
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ȡЩӻȡһ͵һʱһâ䵽ϣպ󡣴ȵʮϢ֮ڣ˽ԲľС
츣ԷӪͻȻһâüͷδʲô£һ졣λãǸϿȴ
츣һ㶣תͷȥ֪ʱϿϳһ߰׾޴ʯͷʯͷֱֱ˺֮Уض˺
츣ɻ󲻽⣬ûԷǾˣˮԽ׵ĺӵ
㻹ƣµľʯԶľӪ׼
ʱһ˳ȥ츣룬ǲǽȰոϽ˵
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ʧʱ򣬼ĺˮʱ˾ξˡˮλ˲䱩ȻҪԽ׵ĺӵ̣һѵġ
ǣھηڶͬʱ츣ŵĿǰһĻдž֮ɫ
ȴ͵һŹֵĶ棺󽫾˵̸ЦֻҷһΣһ´󽫾ܹ誵ķ緶ɡ
֪ܹ˭֪Ѷ


484 ȫû
츣ǰӿµĺˮдž֮ɫϺѪɫǰԭΪԽӵ̵ˮȻӿ¡ǵģЩˮûԽӵ̡ǣİѺӵ̸ˡ
ӵ̱ˮ˲䣬ӵ֮оȻһſž޴ԲľˮͬƵģŴء
ǾȻѺӵڿˣԲľ䣡
츣ˣԭӵ̱Էڿˣһڿյĺӵȥûʲô𡣿ˮأڵ˴棬ﻹֵס׾پܰѺӵ̸Էȥľǻӡ
ͬһɶĺˮ츣Ŀ⿴ǰľӪԶľӪѾͱˮˡһĻ츣оЩѵôԼϹ
Ǻܿ죬츣ˣˮȷʵ˾ӪھӪ֮УȴһԲεľͷЩľͷˮϣҡβ˴ĲϷڣȴᱻˮɡ
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ˮɷĳһʿûˮУˮϣһԲľ
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ʱЩƯԲľҲһӣʼŸߴϹȥܿ죬ЩնĽʿԼ²ͳڰߡȻЩʿһԲľ򣬾ͿʼŻϾһ˴ǲзŻҲͺ̫ˡ
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䣡츣ˣϽ

츣һˮ棬ˮʱˮȥı
ʵǿЩκβǡ
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츣ͬʱŽȴҽг˲ż˵ѪС
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һˮеסһ츣ߵĽʿɱԽԽ٣ֻʣʮˡ츣Ҳ˰ߡ
žҪѵ츣ˣһ䣡
һ仰һֻֻٴ˹ȥŲҽ츣ߵĽʿٴεŻվŵ츣ң׼츣ֱ˹ȥ

һҽУ츣ֱ۱ᴩͬʱߵļʿҲɱ
ϰܵ츣һʵҪҪ׷ɱ
ˡҪ˸ߴ󽫾Ϣȥߴ󽫾ɡЦ
˵仰󺰵ȫһڲ
ǣ
һ仰Щʿʼֲܣðͷһ˹ȥ
ܿ죬ˮȾѪɫʬƮˮ棬ʮʬ壬ֱֱķˮ棬Ŀģ޵
һĴսԶԷȫûݣ
ǰˮͬоЩ㱡û뵽󽫾İͳɹˣ
뵽󽫾˵ƻʱķƵһڽͻȻã̸Цҷľﵽˡڴ£նɱʮм
ǺȻãҲˣĴ󽫾Զ
ϲǱ񻯵һˣǵĴ󽫾һˡ
֣ΪӪ϶ˣҪǴ˴ǰϴǵļƻԲܳɹΪȷʵܴǣ󽫾ȴסˡ
һжȥˣҪģֻҪԸǡ
뵽󽫾һõʱʮֵĲʮֿЦһˣһʲôԼˣȷʵûʲôֵòģ
սЩµЩ԰׵ĽʿȫϢһʱѪЫڳǳأ
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ߴʤʱ츣ȴסֱۣ㶯ҪֹסʵѪҺʱʱĻͷ˿¶ԷĴ׷ǣȴֶԷĴ˿Ӱ
츣ɿ뵽ʮҷ츣ɫٴαòҰ
Էȫǲ֣츣ʱҲף²ҲǼٵġ뵽⣬츣޵ֱҧһΣͰϣҪһʼѧϰ󽫾Ѹͣʲô˵ֱӳɱȥҲԲ
ǣͻˣǱȴû뵽Է˰šǺӵ̣ȻԷĶʮڿգˮһǣһ壬ȫܳݡ
ȻһжǼƻ˺ܾõľ֡뵽󽫾Χǳأǰ츣ȻǸҲʮֲֿ
ȻⶼƵˣӣ¾ϣԴ
츣ǰֻð쳣ĿֲԼԶԶȲϡһΣǸ꣬ͬ˿ֲ˿ңһ˵Ľ档ʤգ
츣ϴķѪҺɲϵĵҺõǣΪ֮öסѪҺٶȣҪȻѪɶˡ
Ǿˣ츣Ǹоͷ쳣˿ͣ츣Ҫͣ˵Ĵ׷ˣȥߴ󽫾ϢûС
뵽⣬츣ǿԴ񣬿첽ǰ񱼶𣬽±ĥѪݲ֪



485 ˱
츣һ·ѪϵϴϵһȫѪǣհγȴһϤȥͨ󽫾츣
콫д󺧣Ͻס츣콫ôˣʲôˣ
ȥд󽫾
츣ŭȣüٵĽӪС
ϣΧųǳԵúɡǸͼļҶҲûٳǰֻʱʱɳѪЫڵһŭ
ЩѪЫڵÿζڳǣûãͿʼһرԼЩѪЫڵ񶾵ĻҲˣɫߵĽһȣԽ˵ԽƵġĹ»֣·Ǿֳ
ʹǰϣҲòǱµ
ȻףЩѪЫǱ಻ⶼǸСָģ뵽⣬ϸŰƤ뷨
ڰŹôʰʱͻȻ˽츣ȫѪӻؾӪ
ʲôϵɴ۾ֱֱĶǰ۾ɵϴշѹȥŭ˵ʲô
졭׼˵һ飬ǰϵӰѾʧ
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ǣһȴʮȫûʵʵĴܣΪֹĵһδܣǰļҶУμˣһֱڼΪ֮ӵȥա
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뵽⣬ɫŤֽץ츣Ҫ츣еõϢǼٵġ
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츣ѹ˵һ飬һ츣ûΪԼʲôûпţûΡ
츣˵꣬һƳ˹ȥŭȵǶǱ𣿼Ȼʱй˼ɣΪʲôҪϿҲͰˣô˺ʱ䣬ǵĴʲôģǵʱ򣬾ҪȫǴԶԶǿǵĳ̶£Ѹ͵Ĺǻȣ
˵̲֮סٴһƳ˹ȥȻԷȷʵܴǻЩҪʱֹͣоٶɱǻᡣ
ǣȻΪ²һıƽ
ǰҲףԷϾ֪ģ츣㣬ǽǷȱһΣͳ׵İ档
Ͽűιȥ츣ӻ̧˳ȥΪˡ
ȷʵһְĽڷй֮ĲʮȫûţôĸӰ졣رʱ
ֶΣҧ˵ļҶεĲ֣ʤĺܳףףԼĿԼҲΪԼӣ˴ۣ
ϲ𵱳Լ˵һ仰н˧֮ţҲϡǣΪ̫԰ŵ㣬Ҳȱ㡣ΪҪţġǣűԸҪѪĴۡҪףϵ֮ӲֻһҪ԰ϳԿ
һΣĻ͵õ֤
ûз˭ǰȴһθо硣ʱ˸Ǿη˼֡
һΣΪ԰һҶǶʮ
Ϣ߸졣ϰ˰֣Щ죬ҷԸǰ
ý죬õϢʱһƬȻðͷǿЦǣѿʱǲȷġ󽫾ԲЦ
ǣʮҷⲻ˵Ц
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ɻУҲûиǽֱֱ˵һǵĴѾʮʣ¶ʮʮ򣬻ʮȥ׷ɱѪЫڵˡʮʿӶԷõӦɱˡҲ˵ǻʮ
˵⣬϶˶٣˵ʮסǶʮҲѡϾǶǾ񡣿ǣߡԷʮǰǸסοԷѪЫڵĵӣЩ˵ʵǵĻҲһɲСѾھԵ·ˡ
ϵķһۣӵԵϷת䵽ڣŶʱ䰡
ڣô죿϶Щʵ
һڽһۣȴûһ˸ⷢǶ֪ʱİƢôҪԼ⣬пŭ
𣿡ϼһ˳Ĭŭķйץߵıӣݺݵһ˹ȥڽĶͷϣ˹ɹѪҺҲҲֻǵͷĬĬĳŰϵŭ
ϼЩˣŭߣйһ֮󡣼컹ǳĬһһЩˣ˵Ȼ·磬ô˱ɡ
˵仰ʱ쳣ƣΪ֮ܣʱŷ֣˵Ҫ󣬻Զľ롣
ԼĻҪĥ£̾һεĴܣһЩ
ȥɣ˱ϵ˵
Ͻͷǣ
˵֮ЩϽߡ
Ŀ⿴ǰĳǳأһʤˡǣΪֹһΣĽ־ˡ

ѪЫڳǽϣųǳµĴеĲѣˮԴԽԽˡò˶ãǾҪˣǣǸνĽȴ˯˯Ƶģһ㶼
ѪЫһ٣ǶԷҡѪЫֱֱĶųµĴͻȻ
Щʱ򣬼µĴʼ
һĻѪЫɫ󺧣̲סҪ𣿡
뵽⣬ѪЫϽŸ˵ȥ֪ͨǽҪֹˡ
ѪЫһ˵ҸѪЫһ仰˵ϴ춯ʱ򣬾Էʮҷ֮ʱѪЫ⡣
һ仰ѪЫĿ⿴ĴĴ˱ǹ
ѵǶʮĻҷ𲻳ɣѪЫз˾ξˡ



486 £
ǵ۹ʮɱ飬ܿʹ˳ȥѪЫڵõϢʱϲ쳣ͬʱҲ쳣ĹҲ벻Ƕʮ
ȻһսҲ˫𶯡ʲôˣǴǵ۹ѡˡδɴܹһȴһСʱ˾ξˣǵ۹ͳ˧˲̽ݡ
ܿ죬ݾͲ̽̽ݣǸ𺳵Ĳˡ
նɱʥʦĺѣǿߺΧȫʤʵ۱׷ɱȴߵ꣡ͬʱҲҵļҶеÿһ飬һ𶯣ⶼһССļҶϡ
ҶȻ䣡ѹӣɱ˰϶ʮһԭǴǵ۹ˣȻƵվڴǵ۹˶档
ȻϺĶԹҲڳˡ֪˶֪εۣ
ڱ߾ķзʱŴ뿪ѪЫڡϵĴȻͳˣ
ǲ׷ɱǵĲо𣿡˵
ЦЦ˵ԷʮʤҲʤĲҡֵã
ʱκ飬һս֪Ϊ˶սǿԼĴ󽫾ֻʤҪȻԷôԼ󽫾С
ڸ𶯵ʱʹŴƺƵĿشǵ۹ͷһĳǳأ̲ס˵ѪЫڣˣ
һ仰ôɻĿ㣬ѪЫڲô˵ˣ
ЦЦûнͣǵ۹ΪɱҵǾעֻһ;ҪȻǵ۹һӡܾһΣȲǵڶΡ
ȻѪЫҲʲôţߵ˲٣֪ѪƶЫǲ㲻ں
ȥ³κԽӵ㣬㣬³κϽǰ棬Ц󽫾ڰʦˡһսɴǴ۹󽫾û
ЦЦ˵һСѣͳ˧˲ˡ
仰³κ̫αˡ⻹С𣿵ȻҲ꣬еĻҪ㣬ȫţ϶ѹƲס۹ȱ
ҴһսȷʵԴǵ۹ûʲô顣ˣ۹ҪĻǴ£
ǵ۹һŰϣĽӰˡǣ۹ȴûٲſȻһ껯ﲻǱϻһ
ǣȴһˣܿⰲϵ
һս¶ȻΪ󽫾ġ³κ˵Ǹֿϧжˡ
ЦЦ˵ǵǲأҪ󽫾ǺͰΪжѡȻϴʱѾ˱ˣ󽫾Ҳû˼ˡ󽫾жΣ
˵꣬ͰѱʲôĶ³κ³κ˵Ĺİѱ֮ڵĶ㵵Ŀ㡣û뵽һȨľ硣
ǸҪҪٿһ£³κʵ
ˣֻ˵ھһ壬һջ֪֮ǲģҲǺͽĵʱģʱˡ
֮УѾˮУҪвۡûۣҲ֪ԼʲôԵġϴɵпˮ˫еġãԼԻ׺ԡ
ϾֻǴ֮ſػ֮ǱǾ֮еԭĻ涼ʮ־ˡ
ҪҪĸȻ㲻˵Ҫ治ˮ˫еģǻԵģҪɶٻʱԵʱ򣬿ɶôֲ
ʲô³κʱⲻò裬ǰ޷˽⡣ѵԷҪǼﲻɣ
ǺǣоУ֮Уδ룬ҪһЦ
³κüͷ˵Ǻѣ
ûϵô֪ɲԸôͰϽ֣֪ϴﵽԪԲľ磬ԼźܴĲࡣҪǲϽʵǾܵĺܲҡ
Ԫ֮һεľ磬ÿһܽһ硣Ԫ֮Ҫ˵ҲʮֺҪ˵ּΪֻҪ㹻ܽûʲôƿѾڣҪ֮࣬ҴȲ̫ͣҪȻܽ
ҪǿԼ֪²ĵԣԪ֮ĴŨĵط˵Ҹֱ
ʱõȥĻȻᡣ
³κſ׼˵ʲô뵽ǶԼҵģվûпڡ²ؼ߸߹뷨ӹı˵ȻִҪǵ󽫾ְ֮Ҳ˵ʲôˡȰţ˵ӻȻҪȥǣһһŵġһεսھǻټ㡣
ЦЦû˵Ľ˵˵ǰңҲǡڣһ󹦡ҵĳŵ
󽫾һڽ쵥ϥ£´ǣ
Ⱥԭܲϲ󽫾ǾɽȴòǣôࡣЩ˵ϲϲ˶Ĵ󽫾
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һ仰һڽڵϼš
³κһڽ죬˰˵ȥɣ
һڽ쿴ͷŲʵأ
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㻹Ƕֱ𶯿ڰɣ³κϽЦ㶯ڵɱȶǿ̫ˡ
Ŀһڽ뿪³κ˵󽫾ҲҪؾһˣ˴ξ·аɡ
껯ҲȥǣϲԭԼǰȥʶ·׼ھҼʿ·û뵽껯ǰ
ţ꽫˴λȥд£³κЦ˻ȥһ·ҲӦ
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ţ³κɻʵ
һһͬ飬ҰһҪʱشȻҪȥա
Ǿ͵һգ³κ˵
л
³κ뿪˻껯
ͳ˧ˣ껯һ
˴һͬǰǣչһ¡ҪǿԵĻ۹ӪС³κԸ껯˵
ѾӪ𣿡껯㵵ʵ
ǣոհѴ󽫾ְ֮жεˡ˲򵥣նɱʤǵ۹ӣܰܰϡ۹ȱˡ³κ˵һԶԶʤ䣬һֻǿҪûµѪҺǾҪѹơһˣ㾡Ӫ
ǣ껯﹧˵


487 һᰡ
껯￴ߵգЩ룬Ů̫ر˫۾ܰ˵ĻƵġ۾ֻҪ΢΢һɨ鲻ԽƿĿ⣬ҺӣԱĸоӿ
ָо껯ľԼʲôʵǵͳˡһˣܴĸоǣԷעһۣˡŮˣҲʲô򵥵Ļɫ
뵽㣬껯վ쳣Ļȴ׵ĴֻɻǣΪʲôһ㶼Ӱ죬ǰݲȡ˵Цܡ
ѵͲӲɣ껯֣ȴҲɵĹʣֻиǾ㲻ͬڳˡ

ӣС㣡ǰǴ۹ˣ껯ָǰһǣ˵
㶨Ȼȥǵΰ׳˿´ǵ۹ǣЦһĳǳء
껯ЦЦӺСھûŴɡȻǵΣ
껯϶Ц⣬ͷ˵ȻˣǾ鷳깫ˡ
ﻰȥᣬúԡǺǣӣɣ껯ȷʵܸˣҪܴùϵҲһ¡
һ˾ǣ껯ھŲСȻ˷֡òŮΧۣЩŮĿⶼע⵽ϣ̲סֹһһﻹû˧ʲôģ翴Ҷأ
ȻֹЦ˵Ҿû㣡
Բ۾˵С㣬˵ҪƾİԭոЩŮ˶ˣҵ˧ҲˡСôһˡֳ׵ĸ˧ôǷܿĳġ
껯һ仰֮ʡ룬治֪ʲôʱ˧Ҳָź͵ˣ
Ǻǣӣ
껯ߵһׯϵĸۡǰӣˣҴ깫ǰȥݷүү
үˣһ˸ոսȥҵļҶ˷ܵĺ
껯һڼҶ˵ͷʵүү𣿡
ڶүءҶϽ˵ԭ˷ܵȴ껯֧֧˵үһ飡
껯üʲôˣ
үȥ֪ˣڶүΪ鿴ءҶش
껯üͷһ˵֣ȥܷΣ
ͷȻ
껯ﲻ֪гʲô飬Щֱֱĸܵķ䡣
үүܳʲôˣ껯һҶүķͿ˵
ˣŲˣ껯Ҳ¶һϲ⡣
껯֮󣬲ŷַŲˣһų񣺡壬壬
껯￴򿿴һǰһ񣺡үүҸҶ˵ܳˣʲôˣ
죬׼˵ȥȴվˡǸ굹ҲˣǸŮȴע⣬Ů欣ޡʩȴɫ糯ϼӳѩͽվ˵ľŮòʱĿɨɫһ𣬸ϽƿĿ⣬˫ˮӵ֮䣬Ļ𵴡
ǣ껯˵
λ㣬ǲһһʤϵ㡣һλСա껯򵥵Ľܡ
㣿ߴ㵣û뵽Լˡʱһۿȥûʲôģû뵽Ȼսһһ˰϶ʮꡣ£ҲšϾʱսʱҲˡ
ӢۣЦ
ЦЦ˵ǰˣӢ۵ǱȲϣͱȱǿôһ㡣
껯Ȼǫ鶼ǫһӣεЦЦ׼˵ʲôȴԼүүʵһλأӦҶСɣ
ǰʶɻĿߡ
Ǻǣ㵹ǲʶλɲСѣ뵽ҵļҶܲ³Ц
һ仰յ˵ͷվߣûм˵ʲô
㿴һǰ̬գرɨ˫ֳĵ۾յλ湻ġ۹˶˵
үүܷʲôˣ껯˵ʱ򣬿һڴϵˣĶܣʱɫ԰ףԲѣҲ֪ô¡
˰ˣ˲ƣڻһֶء̾һ
˰㣿˭껯кһ
Ȼ֪˭ǲҲܲµĳλܵȻȲ㣬ʵҲʵﵽ֮һУôܶԸܣǺм϶ܣһΪˡ̾һ
ǣ껯üͷ
Ȼûȷ֤ݣӦôˡ˵رڹۣǸǻ伫ʰܵܣ¾Ҫһ
ô껯ƽϢһ֪Щˣżֹ˼ˡ벻ɱȥ
Щ鷳ҸհסƵǺҽΣƫƫһֶأðȻΪҽΡ˵
үү֪Ƕʲô껯ʵ
ֻ֪֪֪֮鷳˵
ΪΣ껯˵
ûпڣ̾һʱ껯Ķվ˵еʦǵҩ֮ʦҲˮƽ
ô˵껯üǾû취ˣ
취УǻҪ롣Ȼоʮͷۡ
ǸͻȻ˵ܲܰĵҿ
ţ˰Ŀת㡣
Ц˵ܰǣ
㣿껯ﾪȵĿ㡣
Ҷ֮Ҳйо˵
껯ﶢ㣬뿪ʲôЦ֮Ҳо㵱Լȫܵİ
һһءԸ֣ǿҺϵǳķϡ˵
Ҫ仰϶ޡôӣԸϵǳ
ǺǣǾ͸ӿҲһŵȡ͵ݸ㡣
ɨһۣ漴ƲƲ졣ⵤҩԼеõĵҪֲڵĶࡣСʵԼеõЩƲˣŵĵҩѲ
ӣܷƣʵ
û⣡˵˵ǰˣҰŵҩסﲻͷǮˡ
˵ЦˣӲƣҲ㷿ͷǮ˵
ǵǲãϲռ˼ұˡ˵˵仰ʱ͵͵Ťͷû
ˣкȻһЦԼҪǷ飬Ժ׬ӣǲ˼
Ȼ˲֪ʲôа취ƣһ˼־ĿֱֱĿ㡣



488 ս
ӣ껯ɲš
ɨ껯һۣûлشĻǶҵʵ׼𣿡
׼ˣһڼҶϽ˵ֻͬͬ껯źɡ
׼ǰ׼Ƶҩ͵͵һ䣬˵ʱƵҩˣˣⲻǺ׳ǣ˻鷳ġ
ô˵һۣС֣˵˭ˣĻƵҩ
ҪǻƵҩﶼܹϳĶյһۡ
ûˤڵأ仰ɱ̫ˡⲻ̫ҪϳĶǵú°Լȣȫǰٷ֮ٲԼ
ſȥ
ȡȻϸϸĿһ֮漴Ŀתҩҩӻֵõ𣡡
һڼҶɻ󣬲ôո棬ˣ
ǣڴʱָ㶯ָһ档ʱȻûջǽǾԭҲܼ档
֮һֵܼ֮ҩƳɹ
껯￴һĻǲģСӵеֵ֧һŵҩϻǲġǣ
ɣһ԰еҩĶҩ֮
ϧЩҩģ껯̾һ׼תͷ뿪ʱ۾ȴ͵ֱˣֱ㼤Ļ棬һҩҩ˲
һɢþ
ٶػ껯ɴ۾ĿҩµľдŲš껯ȻûоҲ֪ٶػһĿػ֮
㶮ſػ֮ѵһʿ
ٶǾȡǼʶһ»붦Цָһ㣬һͼ䵽жȥ
ٶػһ𴫳ĿػȻ㲻õġſػʩչΪǾҪĻˡ
ЩҩĿػѾ㹻ˡ
껯˿һ䵽УһĿת㣬ɢҩζоȲѣ벻Ļ֮
ͬ˫ֳĵ۾Ͷ㣬Ѹ׵ʱһ㶼ҪȻͲô鷳ˡǣھȻͻⲻǿЦѧҲ̫˰ɣңֶΣȻ
˾ȵĶʱָ㶯ڵ㶯֮䣬һ붦ҩҲʼ
꣡ҩ£ڼֲסѿһѷ졣
㣡ҩҪˣ㻹һУ껯Ͻѵ
ûѣȫûУھûеʱҩڼֲסѿ
ˣ껯̾һ֪һ̵ҩǣҩҲȻ㲻ϱҲƷҩ
껯̾ʱ򣬴ӱѿҩ֮Уһŵҩ֮С
ݹУ껯㵵Ŀ㣺Ƴɹˣ
㷭˷۵ôֲڵһŵҩҪõʱ䡣ûȥĶܰɡ
껯΢΢һ㶣ƽʦƲ˵ĵҩȻ˵ֲڣһﵽ£Ǵţ뵽ոն̶ʱƳһƷĵҩԸǰߡ
ӹҩ껯м˵лӡ
ǵǲãЦЦ˵лҶ಻˼ǮǵãԺҲ㷿ͷǮˡ
껯Цһ㻹ǲ֪ʲô
ȻҾȸˡ껯˵
㣡ʲôʱˣ˫ĵ۾ջĿ⿴žǺ촽ҧȥǿܵļҶ̲סһ氭£
ֶΣͻˡſںĿ⿴ѵҩҲԼǲһЩҩáԸáֻǣûкʵҩһһҲǰ취
Ҫȥһöˡ̾һһŶȴʹòˡڵĻ¶ȣǶһ꣬ǹŶһ˿仯
Ųٵҩĵ׺͵ĴУ˵дáԼҪЩҩĻ˻ǱģٶȾҪӿ켫ࡣ
뵽⣬бҪһʵҩˡ
㣡ʲôռһ˲֪ʲôʵ
㿴պ޵촽˵룬ôͿϴࡣ
ʲôǴࣿʵ
㶢յ촽ǽĽ㣬ûд࣬촽ôйģ
뿪յ˲ͺ͸ˣǡȻʲôǴ࣬˵ȥվ֪ⲻʲôö

ͻˣʧˣҼ껯ʵ
껯ҡҡͷеȥ˵Ļ֮õǾٶػ̶ʱ䣬Ͱѵҩƺˡ
ҼӹУ򿪿˿΢΢һ㶣ôǿ
껯ЦһҵһǰдܸСǰϣҲûˡһȷʵܴ˵ġͱҪС߰ꡣǣ˫޴ﵽСǿһٴܰϡ治֪ʲôҲ֪ġ
ǺǣоҲǺ飬ͻӵŬһӦҲеͳеġҼ˵
Ƶĵطûеͳѧӣ񴫳еͳ껯˵
ܣҪûͳôСһͳٶȶҪ졣Ҽ˵Ӧǻû֣ˣûͳ
ҲϣΪͳԵˣҪȻ̫ˡ껯̾һ
ҼЦЦ漴˵ˡ˵ˣȰܰⵤҩιȥ
ǣ껯˵һҪ
ȵȵȣȰѹŻ㶨ȻһѾʥּ˭ⳡʤͰѹ˭Ҽ˵һ㲻䣬ֻΪ㣬ΪңΪ
껯˵ͷԺ뵽ǸǾĹΡǣһȴҪͱһᣬ۹˵Σ
һᾡģ껯˵
ȣһȷʵҲֻ㡣Ҽ˵
껯ĬһȻͿţѹô֪
ǵ۹Ϊܳһָľǰϡǲôܳˣǵ۹ľҲšǣ۹ȴԶˡ۹ʹǵ۹Ȼ෴ǵΪ˾̾
Ҳǿ󣬹˭춨Ҽ˵Ҳ̫ѹ


489 
ҹҴԺ֮Уһ۴м۳ҴԺһ·Ҽȥٶʮ֮죬ֻһӰӣŲټҶȴҲûз֡
Ӱȫ۰ţ֮仮Զľ룬ϵӰȻǱˣ㡣˾ǣȻҪȥ̽һԵı
ǾһλıλھǺȨƣͻҲߵĺֱܽȥǵòȻˣǾͲòʹһЩֶˡ㵹ǲ͵˶ԷıֻһЩ
Ȱ㻹ǰѶɣǶʺ㡣һ·׼·ʱ򣬶ͻȻһڷ濴ȥֻһȺΧһһȺŵ
󵨿ͽȻҳײݣ£÷³֮Ϊ׵ǿԺȵ
仰һڰΧŹĺ˹ЦǺЦȻǸ³Ȱǰѹɱ
˵꣬˶γֱֱĶһɫһٱ䣬ĻΪԱߡ
ڤ粻飡˺һһֶһ˺ɱ
һ仰£Щ˾ɱ˹ȥЩ˺˵ʵȻǿֵܵġЩҲǺֵں˵ĳ£һ̴ؿڣҽеڵϡ
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仰֮ļ˼һ˹ȥ翹һᴩؿڣڲҽ»ĵ
ֻмʵǿڸ翹εĻ
һŭȣӿס˶ԷһݺݵĿŶԷ˵ϣΧٹȾˣһˡ
ģˣǶҪ˵һӣһٴιȥµļʵҲҲо֮ǣҲܲסԷ˶࣬ҶԷˣʵﵽ֮Ҳ١
͡
һᴩһĵȥֵš
ס֣һŭȴ֮дᣬżȪ͸ʮö
ڴŻ˻֣ΧɱͣЦͨˣ
˭ģĽʵ
ǺǣҪ˵ЦˣȰǰѶЩǹ֪ġЦ
֮Уɳ˶ྫ֮Ȼ˵١ǣ֪ǶȴࡣŲ飬Ȼܲ
ǹȥɣ֮ǰȰѶЦ
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ȻֻҪǶһɱŭ£˵˵
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ǾͱԶȡˡˣɱˣ˰Ѷŭȵ
ԭͣһˣٴΧȥ֡˼мֱ£һӰԳ֣˦֮䣬ᴩһؿڡ
ͬ鱻ɱһд󺧣֮䣬ҲԷһᴩ
׷ɱֱһӣһֱֲ˲䱬ѿľм䣬ԭѳ룬룬һ¶֮ɫŮӡ
ŮɫβεķĽ壬ǳɫ³ӣɢԣŶׯ󡣲ŮΪ֮ĿǰԲʮ˶ľŲֵ¶һۣܸое壬̼˵򣬻ζ
ĿɨǰϸȣϸԲظɿŵԸߣʿˮ뵽Ů˵ݺʹеĿģվݺݵ뷨
£ǰѶɡԶ֣ĿֱλŮӡ
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ŶԷǲƽϵĺˡȻԸѶȥⶫżȻõģʱҲ֪󡣿Ǻ֣ȻһϹŵͳԿס
ϹŵͳȻ˵ΪʱĲ⣬ϢѾȥˡ
ǶҸҪȥɡ
˵Цˣǿһֱ֪ǶڹµϡȻ²Ը⣬ôǾԳˡ˿Źֱֱ˵
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㿴ҸҲң˵꣬˵־Ůˣżֳ֮ɫȻǻ飬ռռ֮Ҳǲġ
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£ӵ𣿡˹Цֵ˹ȥٶһᣬù޿ɱܡ
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Ůſ۾ͬһ˱˶ԷצӡֻܿͷԼıһ
ֱоԼһƬѹţȻ·㻹ܸоǰۣµĲԲ͹ĦһƬĵĽҲɢ㣬ΪǿңϾ͹ȥС硣
Ůˣǹջģ
ЩĴǰŮˣϿ£ǰ͹£硣ԲԲ̵ͦę޳ԸеĴȣɢϡͺ԰͸˵ĳյĽһҪժȡҧһڡ
λƺҲоԼһѹźˣ΢΢˼£ɫ糺졣
ſңŮ˼
ŮǣȻķſûһЩףֲ²ûˤڵϡĵվ֮󣬿ǰȫ۹ŵˣо쳣ѵҲҪɣ
ιҿǷſˣʱǶ㣬ٽҰæˡѹЩɳơ
˿㣬΢΢üͷǼſ£Ҳ֦һ»ӻ֣ȺŮӿ˹ȥ
ٴӿĶˣһϽ˳ȥ
ˣ˵꣬Ůץ˹ȥ
Ů˾һŵˡ
û˼͸оԼײһϣֱ֫ס
㲻ҪҷŹôͶͱѹЦŮϴ
˼ŮײԷϣû֣ͣŮץ˹
״ŮӰ˲˶ԷĹΧڡ
˭˶㣬ŭһ˵дֻҲŹ˼ɡǰȻûг֣ٶȣȴĲˣһ򵥵Ļɫ


490 Ӣ
ûǿеŮˣι㻹ҪҪҷſˣ
ոһĻŮٷſ㣬Ǳ˽ǰɷˣӸоҪࡣֻ˱㣬ȻȻѹ㣬ܸоϴ
ޱȻŶԷЩüͷ˵±ǵĺ£Ǿˮˮֵĵ
ʼҲˣŮͶͱġҲþܾܲ޲磡
ޱ仰̲סޱ֪ѹ㣬ĸоѹ飡ޱҲ鲻Խɿ㣬㱣һ룬żַĿ㡣
ˣҲʲôö
˼һĻЦһ¿˰ɡǹ¶ҲûʲôȤԣ뿪ɡ
žĿޱ㵲ѣ벻ӦðԼִڶⱬŮôɿù
Ǹûиоźܿ
ޱ㲻˵дԹޡ
㲻˵Ҿ͵ĬˣûиоҺů

ûиоҺܰȫ

ûиоȫɢӢ۵Ϣ

Ȼſ˺ůаȫУȫɢ¶Ӣ۵ķ緶㻹ңߣŮһ۹ⶼûС߳ܺΪ顣ĶޱŮ̫û۹ˡ
ס˼㲻ŭһԸ˷ʱˣ
һ¼ޱ˹ȥЩ˹ȥˣŭˡЩûѵûмԼԼҴţǲ֪
뵽ָ㶯һ˳ȥǰˣ˲ͱ䴩Ѫĵڵϡ
ȥŭȵµ˵
һ֣ԼⷽͼڷһҲ岻ѵĿ㣬һʱ֮Ҳ׶֡ͫһ˵ʿ
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Ϊʲôôû۹⣡ɸֵĵޱŮƨƣ͵͵Ŀһƨɣָ̣֪ͦкòá
Ϊ㲻Ӣۣޱ˾Ȼ⣬ֺֺЦеǲôˣſڻشôһ䡣
ôӢˣﲻӢˣѵӢ۾ҪɮһɣҪĻԼȥһƥǡ
ҪӢۣΪʲôң
㵣תͷ˵ô죿ҾԼӢۣҪҪһϷģǰһΣһܸлǵġ
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ˣ쵰ȻԼ̣ô˧ɵ
һʰˣ˶㣬д֪һЩ֣ȴûа취ޱĶõ
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ˣһĵ㶯ָȴܱһֲеľصжǿ
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һ仰һʲôѵǿŮ˱Ů˶òɣ
쵰ޱĨϵһ糺죬ͬŵҩƵģΪޡ
ִҪΪˡŭȻˣǾһ¸µĴС
ǵɡǵʵҵĶ֡ܺĵѵ
˺һɲţӿ䵽ϣȵһֱȥ֮졣
֮ʱʵŴŵ˽⣬Ӧòֻ֮ʵԱ˵ǿǶ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
һСĴڣһ֮
ָ㶯۶ֲ۳һ޴˺ѿռԷĽȥȣŤռ䡣
Ԫ֮˾Ҫջ˳ȥᣬָ㶯һѺ˵סͶԷĽײһ
ԷĽݿ㱻飬еҲϳأܣһƬں˵ϣϱѪҺȾ졣
ǵͷȻסԷһУ߶¶ɫٲҺ㽻֣±װܡ
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Щ˶ܼߣŰĿתޱڣһӢ۰ɣ
ޱֻ˲̣֮͹ᴩôߵȣɹѪζޱҲż־壬֪ԷҪʲô
ιҲӢۣ㶢ޱ
ޱɫЩ԰ףջǵ˵ͷ
㣺Ҿ˵ȫⶼɢ޵ˣôܲӢۡˣ˵Ҫ㶫ʲôҿΣ
ޱɫ䣺ȻһҲǴǶ⡣Ȼʲôöˣǹҧ
壬㵽ڸʲôĴ򶷶ûܾ㣿ޱаż
ҿֲʲô£㷭˷۵һˣһмڽء
ǰ˵Ů˶𣿡ޱǿԼһЦݡ
㷭˷˵Ȼġ˵ֻǽ
ǰĽ裬ǽ˲ɣޱ˺ϴŲ԰ףʮ
ĿڶԷµǰɨһ˵ǿŮ˸һ㣬ǲҪǿ
ңޱŭȣɫ
ЦһʲôҵģãӦһŮˡ
ǵ۹ǰҪǶңһŹġޱȵ
ָָ˵ĺˣܲм˵Ҵ㣿ѵΪұʲô
㡭ޱʲô˵ˡ
˰ɣЦЦ
ٺֱЦʱޱͻȻӻͳһذףݺݵźȥҲۡ
һû뵽Ůôҡȥذϣذױڵϡ
ѵû˵һ仰ͼʬ𣿡ݺݵ˵
һ仰ޱʧɫ˶Ҫ̱ڵϡ
λųʼ˵ˣˣһ飬̸̸ǿ⣬ȣҪǵһ仰ˮ֮ӿȪ౨Ǹɶ㡭
Ļδ˵꣬оһȵӿѳһѷ죬ɫ䣬ӿӰٵ
ϣ֮Ҳ۸ģ


491 껯
壡ˣҶҪ۸ˣޱ˶оȫƵġ
ܵǹȳӰٵ㿪дż־壺𣡡
ܱ϶ﵽ
ףԷ㿪ԼһҲеʮ־ȣСӵٶȷʵ˾ȡ
壡ޱߵˣżֿߣ˫ڣźףҪҵǶ
ӵ˵ͷһŵˣ漴Ŀ⿴˵ɵģ
ʼظ¾ˣ
˭۾һ⣬˹ȥ
ЦЦ²֪ˣ
߾ߣΪӽҲɣŭȣХ֮ȥ֮ռ䶯һռշѹȥĪѹ
ľһҧڵӿ΢ȫžӭȥ
֪Ȼֱֱӭľһ
ǰˣ
ײһͬ㱻ɳȥû뵽ǣ֮ӰմһӰʧ˵С
£ҪһΣһپ㡣
仰˹һ׼׷ȥȴޱס壬Ź
ţɻĿޱ
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ҲһޱлԹģúõûʲô
ֻ뵽˵һ仰̲סҧҧ촽˵Ҫ㲻䵽ЩС
壡ôڲޱЩ˵
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ޱɫ˺죬Ȼ֪˵ʲô
үûйãƺƵľʿ͸˹ŸϹľʿ˵ͷЩ˶ȥϼӿʣҵҪ˭Ҷǻʼҵˡ
ǣ
׼ֵʱȴһƺ֮ޱȥֻһ˿ºѪĲˡʹλ˵ĺˣҲźѪ
̶ɱֶΣҲ飬˭ʿŭû뵽ԼʲôûԷ̶ɱˣ֮ʿļ壬ھǿ϶С塣
壡õ˭п飿ޱʵ
ֻҪ֪Ƕģпܣ̾һǵͳǻ˷ƫƫŮ޲£õ˻
ޱɫ˺˵ҵʱ֪ϹŵͳԿס
ҡҡͷ˵㸸û˵ʲô
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ҲǵģԼŮô˴⣬Ȼ顣ЩıԹ
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УǶôˣҲõǸͳ˵
ǣǣ壬ܲܺ͸˵һ䣬Ҫѡޱ˵
Ұﲻ㣬㸸µһ塣飬㻹㸸ĺá˵

㣬ȴ³һѪҺȻܿ˶Էǻһڣ˲ơƶԱ˵鷳Ƕȴʲô⣬һ΢ڡת֮䣬ڵѪƽϢ
ʵ湻ǿġֹһԭ͵͵ǱڿΣϵ̫ˡİ취
̾һֻܴͷӰٵҡ
ûңͽ뷿Ϣ塣
һҹδ˯оˬʱȴ˵Ĳ졣
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㣡Ҷ̫ˣˣ㻹û𴲡Ȼ㣬˫ȴһգһգģʮֿɰˣ̲סҪס
ƺϵ˳ȥЦЦ磬ʮö
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յ֣ߣŵתǰŮ޳ȺęСѾͷҲˣɢĻϷסˡ
ʲô׼ռȻęһֱɫκ죬һָס۾㿴
һЦץס֣Ҫ⿪
һ׼һҪĲֺһ·ЦֶȥߵȻ˲ʱ䡣
ӺС˰ҼˣϽվ˵ãҪӰæ
ţɻĿҼԼⷹûأҪԼæ
ǰʲô£һ䡣
Ҫ鷳ӰһЩҩˡҼɫѿϴŵŭ⡣
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βǻҼ̾һ
껯ôˣɻĿҼ
ҲжˣͶӵĶһģһҼ˵
ʲôҲжˣ˭µģ㾪Ȳѡ
Ϸγ֪ж֣ˡҼҧ˵Ҫ֪˭µĶȻʬΡ
ֵʵ˵ĶʲôЧɻʵ
ԭûµģ֪жԷֱ֣û취¶ӡϺֱˣ޷ˡԣ鷳ӡҼش


492 
껯ҲͶԵûоܾԷ󣬰һŵҩⶾֻ껯ȷʵأʹŵҩҲ޷ʱָɫĸѿ
쵰ҺƲҼȭͷҧݣ¶ɱ⡣
ǰһ껯壬漴˵ˣֵʵֻҪ˶ڣӦָܻ߰˰ˣȻʹıֶΣָֻȻһֺαغǼƽϡ
ҼҡҡͷҪһȻʡһнԼȥڲͬ
кβͬɻʵ
֮һʮҵٲſܲμӡʱһУҵӶˣɺȥҼ˵һҾҪˡҼ̾һ
ʲôǰҲ⣿⡣
ԣֽܳҼ壬ѹ֮СҼԭԻ㣬Ӯⳡлᡣǣڡ
˵⣬ҼɫĿֲ
Ǻǣԭô£֪λ˭ޱɻʵϵǼλֻ˵仰ʱһԵվתͷ㣬Ź֡
ˣ޲óԼһƣⲻԼܣ
ƯƯЦеĿ㣬ëһգһգģʮֶˡ
󣡳˹֣˵һۣͿµڶˣն˵ʱ˵ʲôǺ
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496 
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һתǸжܵߣʮ㣬СƤвƽ˴żη塣
Ǹλ̨֡жܣ㿴ŶԷЩ
ӽ쿪ʼҾ͸ˡСЦ
һ漴ʵ𣿡
ô֪ⶫСɴ۾ֱֱĶ㡣
ˣˣתߣû뵽ˡôǿԼȻмʵ˼ҵ廨
䣿С˵
ûûУʹҡͷ
ϧˣȣɽʱżȻõ˿䡣游һȴʧˡڣֻǿеһ֡аסС̾
аףɴ۾ĿС
̸ܣһǵõǰһµĿɣ㶢Сѵȡţڳһˣ
Ǹ̨һ䣬Ǳа׵ĵһ仰ǲ˹Թ㿴Сʵ
Сһۣ漴ҡҡͷҲ֪˵׼˹ۿ
Цĺܹ죬С˵ȥұ֤˸֡
ô֪ѵ㿴Сۿ㡣
ûУûУʹҡͷ˵Ŀ䣬ܿġ
СŹֵĿ㣬漴˵ãҾͻȥ
ɨһСֶԷʵƷѡ뵽й䣬ԼԴжܡ㿴ӹ졣
룬ҪҲˣҪһ䡣Ǿڤڤ֮ˡ
㵱Ȼ֪Ϊĺ֣һλ֪֮֡Ŀ䣬Ҫ˵ǰһҲԣֲȫǡ
ֻǵġżȻС񵽡
СߣȻҲûзϣֻɺϡ
޵оӴ̨ˡ
ĴȴһЦ˶ӡģֻһӡ
Ǿ˴Цʱһڿռ𣺡̸´С
һ仰һڴЦ΢΢һ㶣漴һɴ۾ֱֱĶ㡣
ߣһܣ˲˼飬ôһѵԷĴºżŭˣ
˾棬ô㽻֡
һȻ˵ٲſ٣ŽǰȥҴŽһλǿߴУھǱĴڡǣһ˾Ȼ򶷣
˸о˼飬һ㶵Ŀ㡣
Ȼˣͳɡ㿴һһݡ
ߣһ治ѣû뵽ȻмʵʱǻΪܹţķӡ
˵עУһӰֳ֮䵽ǰ
ߣ
찡ôսһꡣ
ԴҲ˰ɣû

۷׷ףһߣȻϵӰҪĶ࣬رЩŮߣðǡ
㿴ܻѡЩŮû۹Ⱑ֪Լ˧𣿿ʲôҲҪԼ
´һߣĲ˧ܵܶȲϡ͸ȵԼˡ
һȺû۹Ļգֹ˼䣬мŮ˿ʱ⼸ŮּƷλĴҹ㡣ԶԶЩߵĻŮܱġ
ѷ߿˵
˵ͽ㷭˷˵ҲҺΣ
ûϵȵȡ߿ߵ⡣



497 ˭һУ
ºôĿ㻹ȡҵĶЦǴżЦ⣬ҲǾԣҪöҵǿԸ㡣˵Ĵй֮ڵġ
Уõ𣿡߶ͻȻЦ
óҿЦȴóóͶᡣ޶ûطޡ
߿һ㣬ȻóУȴáڼΪ˴ڶжŬܰ˷ϡ
ûоûУʲôĵ
ûıӣµһδӼҵʮһҲˡһȴķᡣҪǸ£ĺãö֡
仰Ȳѣû뵽ȻߵĵܵܡȻȲ磬ҲһǣȻûֱµˣ
λܵͶҪǲžͲ˼ˡЦ
ȻˣǱүʰ㡣ߺһǴżŭ⡣̫ˣ
ȵȣ㺰
ôҪµĻѶӼǸҿҵķϣҲΪ㡣߶˵
ЦЦҲ˵ĿȴǶ⡣Сô£Ըôû
żʱһߺ𣺡˿ˡԿߣһʮûҪĵģ
ˣȻһЦȥҽһЩڶĳô׬һʡ
ߺһ̨ϵˣҲԣҵߺȵ𾢣ȴûмȥע
һĻͼˣЩҪǲעԼô׬Ǯ
뵽⣬˵Ǻǣӹӣ˵ǾһܣҲšҪǶһΣ
ôģ
Цӻжһͨ˵ǾͶһѣʤ㣬Ҫ䣬ǸΣ
˿еͨһȣһ̫Ǯ˰ɡȻһ׾׳
ǣǾǡץһͨ˵ʲôĵģҪеͶһǧ
ʹ죡ЦѣǾͶһǧ
˵꣬ӻٴȡһѰͨѾȫƲˡ
оȴһû뵽һóһǧⲻһСĿ˵һҲһ򵥵뵽⣬߿㾯˼֡
˰ͨƵһԣˣǾսһ
˿ԣһ
ǲԴˣҳ鲻˵ȻװͶԷһǧ
֪ǰʲô˰ɣСĴڡһܣ
ս֮ӣ겻𣿡

۷׷ףرЩգǴ󺰵߸磬һа
һ֪ߵغļһȻս߸磡
ǡ

ðź⣬û뵽ŴʱѾģ̫ƭŮˡԼһҪʵĿЩ޹ŮԼǴˣ
ȻִҪһа㣬ֻܳȫǡߵ˵һǿ߷緶͸¶ƹ־壬̲סǶԶһЩ
ȵȣ׼֣ϽǱߵעû꣬ôܾͿʼأ
ţ߶㡣
ûдע˲඼ˡչһЦڿԿʼˡ
һУ߶һָ
ЦЦ˵ǾͿʵˣ
ߴӹܼҿ֪ʵܴﵽСԾһУȴûзɣһϴڱֲϯǰ۶һ䵽֮Уڣ죬ռ䱻Ťת
ڷɶȥֱһӣ类Ƶġɨ˹ȥռݣһжķ顣
Ƕ˿һĻһͷ𵴣û뵽Сʵǿֵزֱ޷ģҪǲŹĻҪ˰
˿㣬һ¶ͬ顣˭ǲãƫƫҪǾǿܡǵ
㿴ɨĲһжɣҲż־ȡĵʵǶ֮ѡȴ֮ҵ
Ԫ֮һ׵Ĳ֪ǶԷȻһסһеǿ
ȻЩͳ˶Сӣֹ
ɨҪ㳹ɡ
ЦӰʧվɨվžͣվҳһѷ졣
ιһпʰŶߴЦ
û뵽ٶô죬һһлûأ
˵꣬߰ѲһףϯΧҪס
мֱ£㿴һֱ۴ִɨ̲ס̾һ
ֱ˦סЩٵϮ
˿ֱ֮۴ִ󣬱ſֲٵסһɴ۾ʵǿӦñһɨȥ
˵Ĳ֮УͻȻڷɶ
Сһۿ㣬д𺳣û뵽ΪţļһȻҲСʵ
һҪңôҾһа㣡
˻δ仰ʲô˼ʱֱ̽ǰģȻɹɹ̵Ļ棬汬ӿһ
󣬺Ͳȡֱͬ
ǣһǿϵĻ𽣣ɵȴ˲ţһۿ㡣
ԭ
һƣѲ۵Ļ𽣣֮С˵עУȻʼѿɢѳһؽعĴ䡣
ԭĹ˲ըѵûһ˿һֻ¿ֲľĴ䣬ӹмĻ𽣣ȴߡ
߿żĻ𽣣ɫ䣬Ӱ˳ȥдŲţܣ㲻ôǿʵ
һл˴У߲ţҲԸš
ߣһ𽣵ٶ͵ıǣȥ
ڵӿŻӭȥ

ײһѪɳȥϿһƬڡݺݵڵϣǲӿѪҺ
žҵصߣܶŴֱֱͣĿ̨Ĵ㡣
һоͰ˾һܣôܣ
찡˭Ϊʲôʵһ㶵Ŀ㣬𺳲ѡ
㿴һߣͨɨУ˵ȥүүҪǲĻҡȻϹأעһǧ
˵۶㣬ʲô˼սӼҼ굽˭ô
үүҪ˭͸ҽ㣡


498 ҾƷ
ʲôɱ϶ʮնɱ˶۱ʣ߿ŴϢ˲šһаУĿЩͨջػкͿʼ˵㡣һһа˻ĬĬš
ǣ˴ϢȴʲôõϹŶ⴫Уǵ۹ĺѡˣǣѡˣȻоϰǸɫУôܣ
һŵǵ۹Ȳϴ۹Ǳ𶥼۹ȴȲϴǵ۹ϾǴǵ۹еٮٮߡ߼ϣǰżصĴܸС
ǣһ˾ȻǸС
ҪǣȻնɱ˶۱ʣ
۱ʲôǰеǿڣѹ󻹻ĺúõĴڣǣһպһȻҲС
ʲôʵ죬ǰʵԼЩڸȻ
֪ʵʵ˵ֻС𡣿ǣطܰԣʵۡߵ˵
ֵӣʱ϶ûжطǣȴһ׾ٰȻԷʵֻǿһ㡣
ԺҪȥ˿˵
ѵҺһǧӮߣȡķˣ۲ѣʹһǧҲȫҲ
߿һ˵Ķ𣿡
һ仰µ࣬ſ뷴ʲôȴһ仰˵ֻ˵ڴǵ۹ĻʳǣӼѵԸ𣿡
˵֪һ飡
ʲô飿ɻʵ
֪Ϊʲô۹Ϊǵ۹ʵʥּҪӡ˿ߵ˵ôǵ۹ʵ˵˲С顣ʱôǵ۹ڶʱ򡣡
˵ѪЫɱ𣿡ɻʵ
ѪЫŶ㲻ϣȥɱңֻǱ˵ˡ˵˵㻹ΪԼܶԸҶɱѵͲɱһ޷
ߴĿˣò˼顣ҶɱʲôģѹߵʱԼǵ֡ԭǴ⣬ǲʲô
ȷʵһܲǾͲǡǣʮֲʣھǣһֱǺߵģûгԹʲôǣһαԷӵһǧѪȴҪѴƵȥ
˿ˣȻ֪ʲô̾һ߰ŽǿߴСһߵĸԶʱҪɱҪ׻㡣ǣʱȥûʮɵİգ͵һӡڴǵ۹ǣžǷӡ
үүˣʹĵͷ
׾ͺãڵҪĿǣƺáͿʼˣơ
үүģ֮һȫָҧ˵Ҫ£ûдǺòˡԣֻнˡôǰˣЩϧǡλԵŮˣ㲻ʲôˡ
ܺþУú˰ɣǵãȥ˵
֪ߵͷ

Ӽ̸ʱȴʮָˡհµĶĳȻʤ׬һѡţǲȥ̨ܴ׬ˡ
հ̨ȴûһ˸ȥղֹ㣬ոӦװʤߣǾͻٰ¶ĳˡ
Цãʤѵ˸ˣǿСʤҲҪʵ
ձԹ䣬ϾͿͨջ´ȥΪʱٿĳ׬ˡһֱ˭ӭȢ
С㣬˭ӭȢʵ
տһ˵϶ǲеģʱ㲻ܡ
ͬβƵģС㣬Ѫ޹ģ
տһۣ漴ʵ˼ǣӭȢˣ
ҵ׼ʵ˵յĿⶢ˲䷴ӦʹҡҡͷҵȻӭȢˡ
𣿡˵ҿӭȢƵġ
ʹҡҡͷԺȴֳޱĽرǰѶҪ¶ľ飬Щӣȴ˵С룬ôܳƽڴϣŮ˿һ۾Ͳٿڶ۵ˡҼ޸϶ʹϵŮһҾ̲סң־Բλ࣬סٿҵڶۡһ룬ӵеġԣλ£϶ǲѡҵġ
Цĺܻ̲סһۣɫ糺죬㻹ҪҪˣ
Դǵ˵С㲻ҪߡҲֻжСɰҡ
ɫ糺죬˼ȥˡ
ˣ̾һСˣ
Ǳƭˡɿ㡣տЦצһĴһ뿪
ܿЦЦҲû׷ȥҼ
лӰﻯﱨˡл
ЦЦ˵Ҳȫֱ𣬶Էܲ˼á
Ц
Ǿʲôʱʼʵ
Ϳ˵ʱ鷳ˡ
ǵǲáмҪæ¶ĳô׬һʡЦ
ƺҲ֪ϲģ˵ͷ˵һᰲСԸġ
лˣЦҲ뿴һ۹ٲſһҪһ¡֪δĽľϵŨ񡣡
Ҽ˵αԣӻԺúһ
ΪΣ۾һ
αԻᶯûҵľƷƷ׵ʱڽȥһΣһʺӡ˵ҵҲֻǿһۣ֪ܲá
ĵطϲѡ
Ҽ˵ӿеĻҲɽˡ
ûлشҪĵطúúõһҪܴﵽȻ밲ϻŲϵľ롣Ҳûз֮ˡ
ҪƷУȾҪõһʤ˵
ͷ˵ֻҪȫǰһҶȻΪҶá
һǴ£ҪǾƷƷֲܲҪġ
ܲɣúúõĳһ
Ҽ̸һ½Ƕ֮󣬾ǰȥգϲ棬Ǿ档ȵٰڶĳˣð껯˵Ϣȥ׬һ˵



499 ټ
ʱת۾ţھĽǶ볡ڣҼһССƸ㡣˵Ǵݵƾ֤ӿպˡʱ˿϶ݣӾ˵ԶݶסǵĿڡ
˵ͷڴڴȴһ󾪺֮ƽѵһٲſʱһһ˲ϼС㿴Щٲſǰǡ
찡ҦҲˣ
Ҧӣ˵ҦʵﵽԲ֪ʱѾǿˡ
Ǳ߿ǲǳ¹˵¹ѾչغܾˣΪ˹Ҳأ
ѽλӹҲˡ
˵λӹǰ챻ˣ֪ǲġǵʵҲ˭ȵǣ
չҲˡչӺ깫ӲСһΣȻ
㲻֪ɣ깫ˣһǲܲμˣ
ʲôһβܲμӣҲɥʧ𣿡
ȣҲ˵ˣ˵깫ӱ˰㡣Դһβܲμˡ

㿴һȺŮӶЩ̸Ц˼У̲סӼֵһۣû뵽ƺõô죬ЩԤˡ
ҼվԱߣָǸչӵ˵ʥʦҵĹӣõйŴСͺͻ൱ʵҲﵽ˳ԪԲ֮
ԪԲĿ⿴չӣĬĬļסˣԪԲǿ̫ࡣ
ʲô
ǰǮʥʦǵôһ
ȡλʥʦĺ˭ǳɲˣƫƫھûһ˵Ƕûдﵽһˣ˼μαԣ
ǲҪô˼
˼Цʱתͷȥֻһͨڡ
˭ɻʵ
ǮʥʦӡھһĬĬΪֻ֮ʵֻǲ֪ôҲμˡɻ˵
ֻﵽ֮ʵ˵ͷ㿴ԷȵĲֻﵽ֮ˡ
߽ȥһ繫ˣ
㶨ۿȥֻһ棬ҲӢӣºЦݻڴһһʮȻӢޱȡ֣ʱΧ۵Ů˼вѡ
ǷʥʦĹӣһͬһ񣬾ֹ񣬳ӢǺܶŮеӡҼ˵ھǵڻ֮ϡ֪õʲôУʮֲֿ˵ǵ۹ܺͰϱĻֻ
仰ֱֱĶŶԷԷŵľٶȷʵЩŮ
߰ɣҲȥɣ˵
˵ͷһСȻûһ˿춯ֱӱһ˷ܵΧ˸ӡ
һ˽ǶУ㻹δ˵ʲôһ߾ߵǰס˵ӣ룡
΢΢һ㶣ߣң
ǵģڵȹӣ˵
תͷͷȻȷʵߵˡ
Ǵ·ɣҲûоܾôǿ㲻֪֪Լʵ϶Ǿܾ˵ġ
һĻҲüǰٲſע⵽չӺͷ֮ˣߵ˾Ȼһˣо첻ѡ
չӸǷԸߵ˵ȥһ£ʲôݣ
ڵ۹ĵλôߣһˣȻһ꣬òӡһĻģֻӼֵˡ
ܿ͵һǰǷʮӲ㣬£
㣿󣬿ȴһɿ첽ѹӿ£ѹʱо̩ɽһ㡣ǿֵ
ǣȴоԽԽ첽ѹѪЩ
׼͸סƵʱȴʧǰЦʤϵ
¹ˡ˵ˣһȥҲʤ
ЦĶԹ˵ҲڮҺ֮ܣ
Ȼλ԰ϵۺܸߡ
ЦЦҲûм˵ʲôǰڮ䰲Ҳûʲôá
³κ˵㲻󽫾ˣ˵
ǺǣϲɣżԡҪĻ֪ǳʲôӡԲŴȥ󽫾һְЦ
˵ҪԸ⣬һͳ˧۱ˣһҪʤΡ
۾û뵽ԷôȻ׳һն
ԼȻʤ˰һҲֵöԷ˰
ͳ˧ʲô˱ضҪ裡仰˼ǣԼһҸʵȨ
һҲֻһλѣʵȨǲĵ۹Ȩƣ
˵ҪɸѡҾʤôһǴǵ۹ˣ¾ñͬ𣿡Ц
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仰ֱֱĶ֮仰ʵԡ
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ʼҪʵûȨ˭ҺΣ
Ĭһ漴˵ȷʵڲͬѹֿԺͰսҲҪܾô磬λҸţҪԸ⣬ʱҡ
Ƕлˡ㵹ûٴξܾܵĸ˼һ̨¡
ͷ˵ȥɡҲսԣǹ²ܻġǣҴǵ۹ˡ
·ģֻǴҲսõҲùѡ껯һ롣Ц˵꣬͹ȥ
ıӰ֮˵һϧˣ
ˣȻȷʵмֱ£ֵðô粨ѹһͳ˧𣿡һʮֲ⡣
תͷһ۶ԷЦЦûн͡ףųûмȴǵ۹̫ˡûʲô飬Ҫǽǲأ۹ﵲסԷһ֮ܵģһѹʲô
Ȼֻһԭ򡣻һԭǣ˵˺ʹǵ۹ϵǳһǣƶԷ
˵ִǵ۹ʹȻ֪ǲġҪģֻܴʹ֮󻹻ų˵ܶණˣһˣһ£ʲô
ȥɣ빫ӵǰҪʼˡջ˼ߵ˵
ǣ

ھУһӶʿ룬άŽǶĹأǾˣʱʱűңʵǻ̫ˡЩŻ֮òĹЩʶһһٲſǲʲôɣԽԽࡣ
ɽ˺㲻զ࣬뵽ջ¶ĳָ



500 
ޱֵʱһƬһֱֱĶܶ¶֮ɫаܶ౻Ϊٲſӡޱǳɫ³ӣɢԣɫβεķĽ壬ȻɢŻʼҵ߰ȶˣ촽Ϣ֬ļޱֳľ
һƬžĿⶼޱ볡Ĳƶѹס˵еϡ
ͬעŮˣŮ˵ģͬһ㣬̲סҪҧһڣΪԸˡرĿתƵǰڶҪز˳ȵĿ⣬һͷԽȥ
ʼɣޱߵ̨£Ļӻ˵ɫƽޱϲ
ֻˣ㻹ע⵽Ŀӷ
è壡ðĵһ뷨Ů˲ڶɡ
˼ʱһתļ볡ʿ֮Уѡվھһλѡ֡
˵֮߾˳ȥ
һӿȥ̲֮סһоȻǧ֮ࡣ
ģô𣿡һ䡣
ǣĵҲ֪ǴССļǧ˲ࡣֻ˶ǰ͵ġ
ʼ˶˳Уߺ
һ£ܶȻ˹һ
㿴űϰٵ̲סһӰٵһ
㿴һ۷չӣӼֵܣûһҹģ̲ס˳ѾģǾҺ۸ɣ
ȴ֪룬ȷʵ۸ȫǵһ־͸̭ļһԣ˶
ÿٶȣЩˣ㼸֮䣬Ĺȫ㿪̲ס
ҿɸǣҲӣЦֲХϯľʮˣʮ˱˳ȥ˾⡣
Χ۵˿һĻĿⶼת㣬о治ѣ֪ðꡣʵǴﵽ֮
˭ҵӵܰǿǰôû˵
һٻʮˣֱʣ

۷׷׵ʱͻȻһͻȻ찡Ǯҵķôʵ
ܣʵ
ѵҲܷɣ
һ֮ϵ˶ۿȥֻڽǶ룬ǱΪǮɽֱۻ֮䣬һ׳Ƕ֮Ǿ֮Ķȥɵĺܡ
찡ǲԹ˵ԹӸոͻƾ֮֮ҲǮɽһ׳ȥôܣ
֮һĶȥʵôǿѵﵽԲΧ۵˾ѡ
ǷǮɽ𣿲˵һֱͻƲ֮ôʵ

֮ϣҲĿһǮɽһԵޱź촽Ǯɽ˵˵ǮʥʦһôͻȻôǿˣ֪ʱʵǿ𣿡
ǮСЩ棬ʱʵֵǲС
СޱȵĿǮɽ
⺢ӻ͵ģܾȻûлһ䡣벻ҲһšޱЦҪ㣬šˣǲСӡ
ޱųвһߵǮɽͻȻĿתеķ˵繫мϣڣ
ţɻĿޱޱüͷ˵㿴ˣ
ޱɫͬŵһޱȣУֻʡ
һ۷漴˵ˣƷ棬ֹ񣬵˼ҿ͸ҪѡĻҲѡ
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ãҾͺսһЦҪˣǲź档
ȻһЦҪǻʳǵһˣܾ˵۾ɡյǸĳҲ׬ˡ


501 Ǯɽʵ
Ǯɽ̸Ц䣬ǰɨ˹ȥǵһ˳ȥ˲УԿֲٶŷΧȥ
˾벢ԶǮɽ֮䣬һһҰΧȥбХֻҪԵ˿û顣
վһķ񣬼һһҵɿֲӰٵĵ˳ȥסײһ𣬱ֲľܡ
һĻȻΧȺע⣬һȲѡû뵽ⳡðƥȻͬʱžǵһӷֱֱ֡Ķˣо˼顣־ȡ衣ԷʵǶ֣
ַӦǮɽŷЦӱƽһһҰΧ롣
ǮҲҵϣӸոյǮʵ³ԪɣŶֵˣһº͵ЦݣʮŮԡ
Ԫ֮˾ȣ㶵ĿǮɽյķȻɾ͵ĳԪ֮ǲ˵ЦˣǣģӦġ
λǴǵ۹Ӱɣ벻Ҳнֵһ졣תͷ㣬ոսȥ̽һݣ鵹ûʲôһȴһһλȻɱʮꡣ
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ôĿ㣿ޱü㣬дżֲϲ̫Բˡֻˣ־еϤĸо벻
ԱЦǲҪƴĻֻбĿܡ˵ֻɼʣ˵ʹطǰᡣ
ޱˮ˵۾Ŀת֮䣬żֲš
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ӵǺôĿҪʧˣ˵꣬ӰͻȻߣһɿֲᵴ޼䣬֮䣬ռһѿһѷ졣
ɢļľ޼ٶѸ٣һ˲ҪƵġΧȺһĿ⿴㣬ĲЩŮѾ۾ҿеѪȳ档
ٶ̫һЩ˵ľ֮УӰ˲ʧԭأ޼ϣԭվ֮һѷѿȴվһǴЦⶢŷ
һĻ㶵Ŀ㣬ٶ̫ˣǶûп㵽ô뿪ġ
ͬһ裬ٶʮ־ȣվ棬ڿն㣺ӵٶȵǳϡ
ϵĶܶࡣʲô˵꣬ͻצŷ˹ȥ֮䣬ռѿһѷ졣
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ǵǣȣϷӣǲҪˡ

һ֮ȻǮɽΧġ
еǸŵı飬ЦСѡ
ڷ˵꣬̽һˮȣ۵ľ޻ϣ޻˲䱻ɢľĴ䣬һϣһЩߺǶ
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һ˶Ĥľ죬úܶŶ䣬ɹɳϵıϯʣѼ̵ľʯ
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վĺ⣬սȥԣǵʵ׶ǿԼ֮ѡ
ִĺ⡣ҲգֲμӾǡǮɽЦҺˣ㹻ˡ
վЦЦȴ˵ΪʳǵһӣȻ֮껯зȻС塣ǣҲǷǿġҪǿ껯껯ҪǿԼʹͬΪСվҲǮɽ
֣ǵÿˡǮɽЦ
ʼǮģȻġ
˿̸ЦˣȴΪȻȻǮɽʵǲΪǮɽǷĶ֣껯վֶԿ񣬻ûʤǮɽ϶͸ˡ
ȻĴ򶷣ܶ˶ĿתĶӡ
ǮɽһۣԱӿ𵴿ռ䣬ХŷҪȥҪѷƵġ
ҲСӣгһѳǹǹ֮䣬ǹӰӭȥ
ˣҲԸңֱǳ˵ΡЦִŰԵŮΪ֮С
˵һĻĵʮֲˬŮôôױƭԼУʲô
ΪЩŮˣζҪһҪȻ֪Ů˱ƭ뵽⣬һҲһ



502 ƶ
Ǯɽֱ֣֮ȥǮɽĹʮһֱҪ˶õľҪǵĻĲˡǣĹƣȻ񶼸һȺȺŮ˼вѣޱս֣Ҳķ
ٴαԷһǹӰƿЩѪоСԲʵһ뵽Ҳʵ̲סü֮ľ磬ͶԷʵ滹źܴĲࡣ
ϲȷǿҲ˵ʵԶԶġ
ҲҪﵽ֮ҪȻͰϸһȼġֹڲͬϹŵͳİҲڲͬ㲻ﵽԪԲҪͰһս֮һҪ֤
ʱսʱ䲻һˣҪô̵ʱﵽǼѣʳǾңԶϹȥһ¶øϵõ
뵽⣬бҪô۹İһϢȥ

ٴεסһУĵɳȥķֱۣﵽǿסԷڵʵҪһǲˡ
֣İȥˣ˰ɣǮɽЩĺһδιƵķ񱻶ءǣȴÿζܴҵͻƿڣһδαƵĵˡ
Ҫ˵ֻʵǮɽţնɱֻʵ
Ǯ֣Ҳ֮㻹ܵסɣܽôСѾˡЦ
ĻǮɽεҡҡͷչ¶ʵȷʵֻ֮ʵܵסôѾܲˡ
Ǯ֣㲻Ҫ˵ǮҲֹʵɣЦ
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һǮɽ¶ģͷңԹߡ
ôоͬǰеĽݸҲǴӸ߸ϵƶˣ


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ջһЩĿ⿴ǶرİĿתƵǮɽϡһս˵ֶȻڻʳǴ
վǮɽĿתһ񶼵סǣԼ͸Ķˡ뵽⣬վϽмȥְһ׳⡣
Ǯɽ״ЦЦҲûг֡Ǯɽ˵֣ŴʱսһΣ
һ仰˴Ҳ뿴˵˭ǿ
ҡҡͷǮֺαˣҲֶ֮Ըҡ⻹ҪҪˣҪҲУǮְʵѹƵ֮Ҿ
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ͻȻָһȺУҲϽͷתգҪʲôС֡
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ʹҡҡͷǮֱ˵ֻ뿴Ǯֵ÷ӦٶôڿǮַӦٶȹһ

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ȣôͲΪǮֺأҡͷԣоʮΡ
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Ǯ룬СҲӡЦǲܾǮɽǺкøеġ

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ҲЦ𣿡ǰɢԸջȫ𪣬ظŮˣ˻ɫǺ죬һҰޡ
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һ⣬Űѷѣɿޱ֣˺󼸲ԭ£
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кܴ鷳Ǯɽ˵
ԻҪǰæŨľûУҪеĻһ


504 Ʒ
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һ۷˵ƷԳɿռ䣬˴ǰȥľǾƷĿռ֮Сֵʮ£̭𣿡
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˵ͷֱһӣһ֮䣬ǰɶоһȵӿ˻δӦ֮ʣһ˶һ޴ɽȥ
УоЩѣУȻʮϡ㶨ۿȥǰһһ޼ʵĿռ䡣
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ޱˣ̾һҲ˵ʲô

ǮɽȻ֪һУ˲УʵǮ֣ǽ֮ǲ
֣֪ʲô⡣ǣȰ㻹Ǳˡ֮еҶáȻͻáǰƷУΪľǲǮɽ˵ֻǰ˼ռĽϰɡ
Ǯɽ˵ֻεʼ磺ⶫʲôƷģƷ
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ʱƣԽԽٵʿֱܼȻֻʣˡʱǮɽѹеĽɢŴ۵Ĺâѽ֮кǮɽſ˵֣ǳȥǼ⣿
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Щˣ벻ֶҽҲôߵ裬ҪֵæҲòô졣ʱȻûȫãҲķˡ껯Ц
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껯ЦЦ漴ҡҡͷʲôҺҪһܶ࣬Ӧûиˣǲ֪˭
ֹ߽Ȼ֪ȷʵɲ˴˵ͷ˵ԺڳǣֵֶΣ¶Ըɣ
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⵹ǺöֻҴʱûȥͰϾǡ㵹Ҫֻʱ䲻ҪĿĻͻƵ֮
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껯ЦҾ֪ӻȤġոռҸϢ˵һطֶ費Ҫⶫͻ𡣵ҺǮɽһҪﵽ𣬾Ҫõڶ׶εĴСжңðϢ֡
﷢ⶫʵҪܵõⶫָ֮տɴ
껯˵ٵΣ֮ԴȥҵҲҪ䣬ܿڶδС
Ǿ͵գЦˣ׼һЩҩģΪһЩҩҵ֤֮ƾá
һ仰껯Ǯɽһۣ漴껯쵰ԭǰΪ˻ˡҶøȻҡ


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ˣߴ󺰵ĴɽЩ׹ãҲû׷ɱֻǶԽɽе߻֡
ХϣѹֵϢȴ鲼ռ䣬һŰɽİ׹ǣձһ㣬һɹɵĺ⡣
껯ˣİ׹ãҲס˽Ųǰǰ޵˵ǵʵֻСǿһЩҲ׽롣



508 ֮ͨ
㣡ô죿껯￴ʵ
ҡҡͷЩ׹ԵãȻ취ܽˡһߣ˵Ҳ˰ɡ޾İ׹ǿ·Ǹʲô
˵ĶԣǻȥɣǮɽ˵ҿȷţǾŽ塣ĵط϶ǿ
˿ٵȥɽӪסʱƣɽӪԽԽ࣬ãã׹ɱ鲼ɽ塣
ڵ죬ںܶ˻δ˯ԵʱͻȻһ죬˵ĶḨ̂ͷ˹ȥ֮ϣʿЩʿһó֣ÿֻܰúķ顣
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Ϲң껯ﾪֺۿϵһĻдŲ֮ɫ찡ȻǶˣϬΪҵһλｵ٣
ǮɽͬΪǲĵֻϬ޾ŰʵŵʮҲСʵĴֱʣֱ˸еȻ
ǣ˵ľδ꣬һ޺𲻶޺𶯣ϼ죬ͷƼһԶͬһݳ죬֮ϣƵĴ֡ĽݡվʮߣƱˣء
йĽң껯ٴξ鶼Ҫ˳ϹңйĽңϽֲ벻ʹϽĴʳҲҪǡǣʱȴǡҿӪȻǴ
ҳ֣ñķ顣رϬ޺޺֮䣬ķ顣
кȻ⼸ֻޡǱҪǿ
̩ɽ֣ɽñɷĩʱҲ˾񣬿ʼֹá
Ŀ⿴֣ÿγ֮䣬Ȼ֮ɨһ·ڳߣûгֵ֣ĲǴǿߡ
䡭䡭
һ죬ýıߵĲҲϵƽ
͡
˷ķõʱ֮УͻȻһ죬֮Уһâ
˶ȻȥֻһȫƵ֮䣬ϯóױߡ
ǽصĽãһϯһߣƵ˲ͱһҽ֮һ֮ոİ˹ͷ׷飬鲼Ѫ飬Ⱦͨ죬ûеϢ
޼ã
д󺧣ŵǰĽɫáĴڶ׾ٵɱǳȥ֮ϵ֮ǲġ
˷ĵ˳ȥҺɫý档޼ĴڣѾܿģ˵Ŀ⣬ɿеˡ
ߣһߣصƺǣƵģ֮Уſֲӿá
ꡭ
ڽɫϣ˾ùͷıϼɫҲ׵Ŀ졣
ϣ
һŭȣڳ֮Уһֱֱֻۣǰ˹ȥغ񳹵׵ֻ̣Уճһɵľ޴ƣݺݵѹ˹ȥһѹıѹȥֻ֮µãҲ֪ٱѹķ顣
˿һĻкȻѡû뵽⳵еˣȻ˿ֲʵԽãȻ׾ٵĸʰˡ
ÿֲĭдž֮ɫ
ңȻֲ껯ͬĭֻлʹЩչصϼһܿɡ
껯ﾡһֱ˵ҵĿֲʱļʶһ޼𣬾ȻԷ׾ٵɱˣҪǣ˾ȻûһСġףСȫԳưһˡ
Ǯɽ죬һɫЩ԰ףȻҲŵˡ
ûнɫãЩúܿͱĲֻ࣬²һЩЩǿҲûȤʰɨһ·ʼʵɽ塣
ҵҲ޵£ŷ嶥ȥ
Ҳȥ˵
˵ͷͣ첽ǰҶȥ֤Լ򵥲ˣ֡Ҳˣ֣ԼĹܸС˾òˡ
Ǯɽ˵һ·վ١ֻΪµԵʣǺǿҿ·£оգʵһշ塣
ʵշ֮˲֪շ֮Ŷôһ۾Ȼͷ㿴ŹʯϿȱ鲼ķ嶥Ŀ⿴֮ˡûж֣˭Ѱ
Ž壡鴫֮̾ӳ֮Ľ֣һ֣ƿ飬ԭϹΣ
ԣ
ӳ֮У߳ˣ˿󣬴Ҳʮҡ˭֪ǾԲ͡˻̤ǰһһȴͬԽռƵģһ̤֮Զ
ڷ룬һۣеӡ᲻ϵĴһӡĲϴ֮ƺܵǣƵģǵ߻۶ȥռ䶯һۣ纣ˮڡ
ÿռͬˮǾ塣
ԭŽ֣
˴һصһݺݵĺ嶥˲оռ𶯣ҡΣ̲סڿն𣬶һвڿյˣͱҡεˤ

ھ֮Уʯķ嶥ʼѿڱѿͬʱлһӣŨĻķ磬һƬ鲼嶥
ڹֵ˲䣬ԭƽշ壬Ȼ콣¡¡춯쳹գ޴춯֮䣬շҲƶƶ֮䣬һշΧλá
ͬʱշ֮У󣬽ӣأ󽻴ڹ֮ϣĵѹΧ˲߲Ѥɾ
ɾĹȴļµϢ·𿿽ܰ˽ʵķ飬ʱĹһͷſŵޣƽȴΣء

һЩһЩߣδӦô£͵ĲҽŲҽ˿ȥȴЩ˱ʵķ飬ʬǶû£һ̣ʧһɶ
㶵ĿһĻð˺⡣ɱ˾ȻʬǶ̣⹬׶ôֲ
֮ͨ֮ͨ
ʧ̬Ĵ󺰵⹬п֮ͨȻˣʲôͨߣ֮صµĶǡ


509 ɵ֮ſ
ôܣ֮ͨǮɽҲɴ۾ĿǰͬݷĹд𺳣ʹ֪ǾŽ壬Ҳû뵽Ǵ֮ͨء
֮ͨֳƺΪɹǰĹȻһɹ
κһɹ涨Ȼıǣͬÿһɹյأ
½ûгֹɹϽڴ֮۴һɹǣΪֹûܴˣУ
ɹ֪˶ǿߵǰ֪ո˶ٰ޵ʹǴܵĴڣҲո˲٣˴ԡ漶Ĵڣո֪ɹգ
ǣȻֳһɹǮɽ뵽½ҪΪֻϽĹһȫĴŷò˶õʱ䣬ͻǿߡ
˶˭Ҳû뵽һ
Ȼһ֮ͨһɹ
ˣҪⶫȾָġ˺еĶܾˡǣ΢ʵɹеõôֱ롣
껯Ǯɽȣĺȳ£ŻָһЩǡ
ɹҪռΪУһҲܺɨ½Ǯɽ껯źȡ󵽵ҪǸ˺ʥŮӵĵطǶȻġĴͨߵĵͳ˵⣬Ҫܵõĵͳϻﲻȥ
ԱڶòͳõеʥҲ԰ˣٲãõҲŰһˣ
ĴǰĹͬȡ˭֪ɹֵޣ
뵽⣬Ŀ⿴򹬵յĵţһۣʼضʱӿ˷߻۶
㿴һĻǴ󺧣һǮɽ껯˺ˣĽ棬ನܲˡ
ĺȳ⣬Ӱٵɽ¼ȥ
͡
ɽʱȻûɽôɣ˼ɫ䣬ӿסЩǾˣϻܵ˽Ű˼˺ۡ
Լʩչ˵֮ٴζʩչŽվչˣֻڴµĥûǰˡҪȻȥ޻ˡ
ԼԼϹ嶼߰˰ˡƨ
Сȥһ·ϵվȻǿǿܵסһ룬»ǰĥˡ
ЩվΣѾĥĲˣ֪ɹôǲҲĥĲˣ껯дż˷ܡ
̲סˮ˵еΣȫĥǶҲܵõġ㲻Ҫˣ
껯ڨڨЦЦ֪˵ʵɹһ϶ǿӿЩչصľǿ߶ǰ˶ǿ֮УԲܵõҵõҲֻ·һ·
ŴҵĿⶼɹϣúúõһԲɹ֮У˵
Ϲ֮أȥɹ֮⣬϶ٺö統Ϲ壬϶Ҳ¶Ǯɽ˵ѹһ
ھŽ֮в̽飬Σأ벻֮ءҺõǣûʲôǮɽˡ
һ·ϣǮɽֵ쳣Ľܳر󷨵ʱҵ·
Ǯɽĵͳר󷨰ɣ껯̲סʵ
ǣһ棡ǮɽشٴһС󣬿ҵҺôʱҪǻϹţǰ𣬶ҪС
ǮɽĻ껯ľǮɽɵģ̲סЦǮ֣ĵͳʲôǿ
Եͳ˵ȷҪǿܶ࣬ϲһǮɽûֱش𣬶ǻشһš
ʲô껯ɴ۾ĿǮɽŲš
Ǯɽûнʲô˵仰뵽껯ı顣
Ǽûпڣ̲סʵֲ˵˵ʲôͳ𣿡
ʼҪ˵ûκεͳǲţҪ˵еͳĻ̫α˵Ӧôش𣿡
˶һۣ漴οЦȴ㲻Ը˵
Ȼ֪ǻǲţҲͣź˵ϣûа취ҳ
ҡҡͷܣֻҪǷ״Ҳܿһ
˵ֻ̾һͷ
ȣϧûҪȻҲԴɹЩ̾˵
ɹ㵣û뵽ɹǿ߶ջ
ûв´ĻӦǻĴ߽ͨ͵ɴ꽣һƷʥ񽣣⽣֮зӡʥƷס⽣ɹ֮СЩ̾
񽣣ӡʥƷףɴ۾ǲ֮ɫ÷˼
ʥƷжôֲ㲻֪֪ҪǱһĻ춼ҪһǣѾƷʥ֮УȻӡĶǿ֪еĿֲˡ
Ǻǣֻһ͵ĺ֪ҲǼˡӦǾһʥŮǾеʥʥҲɹ֮СУžʥŮŮֵµʱ⹦˵˷Ķ
ͱ𺳵˵ȥˣû뵽ɹ֮лĶ
ɹĵطжȻ󱦡ͬǴͨǴԵòҺͼλѴһɹһӳһΣɹҪոܶ˵ˡ½ҪѪȷˣʥԤԣǿ
㴳ɹоò˼顣
һΣȫ٣ҳܱɱ£ܻΪõɹĺôҽһһҪȻˡϻش
ĵ׵жôǿɹĵطܴȥҵõôûߣ֤ˡ

ڴʱڷⶥеӡȴɲϵĽһƬط·ͱƿƵģǧÿһڳ֮ա
˳£ʵķ飬һ⼤䣬𶯵졣һɿֲ𵴶ÿ˵ͺ񱻴ƵģʹܶԼ֣ӿһɹѪҺ
ûЩֱֱĶǰĵţָһ㣬񱩵˿ҪĿ𺳣ûʲôܳܰɡ
վĵš˵꣬ͳȥаź˼
䡭
һ죬ܶ˶䱻ѪҺŶҽвѡ˾ǣǵżȻҲѿһѷ죬һȫѿ
һĻϹˣҲû뵽ɹĴţȻɱƿ˺ǿǱϾɹ


510 ޱ
¡ɵ֮űѣƬռֽͬһıƬĳ
ӣ
ųƬ߾ִ󺰣תŲܣǿ־壬ʱ˶˱ֻӵ
Ƭĳεȿֲȱ꼰ľλĿɫ䣬һӿǰһεĴɿ񱩳
˾ǣϣǺķ룬˲ķ飬գһ·Ѫ
һĻߣ𺧣֮ܰ޼ѹķĴȻбһס

ҽ֮ϣɹ֮е߱ʵķ飬ѪɢأɹƽϢ֮һѪ̳ɵѪ֮·ͨɹš
ӹһٵѪ·ɫҰף岻סķ
ʱһ˸ҿɹɹ󿪵ĵ֮Уһ͵ϢɢĴ̱ѪȽһì
尡
һݵĳĬ֮߳ܲסΪǿߵջ󣬴ųȵ̰ŵų˹ȥˣֱɹ֮ţ̤ţ͵Ĺâһɽȥ·ǣǽɹ
Ǻܿ죬ѪʬǱ˳ڵ֮ǰСɽ
һĻЩ̰ͷԵ˾һ亹ֹס˽ŲɹĪľη
ȿȡ
Ŀ֮ŷӦĿ⿴Ѿ˵
ǿ߸Ͻǰ˷һɹɵӿ֮Уȶǵơ
졭졭ȥ塣˵ɹ֣
˵ͬʱɹѪҺϵĴӿȾ˴ŵɫ԰ף΢пʱ߼״Ҳ˲ɹһϵĹӿڣͬʱǵ˵ҩҲһſŵǵĿС
һЩָǵߣĿ⿴ɹڴžη֮ɫȻΪһССĳŪˣǻɹ⣿
߼նߣ˶ףշ壬ҪΪӿ֮ˡ֪жǿ߻ήٴ˵أ

ھŽ֮ȴһϢûУҵ˼Ϲŵֻ߷Ķȴûʲô̫ô
ʱ䣬Ͻ˵صı߽Ž֮Сɹջû˭ܵסԭֵľŽ壬洦ԿӰ
Ȼʱ䣬Ҳ֪ʬ˾Ž塣ߣδɹ˾Žվ֮СǵĿҲ֪ҪУվҪǿٱ
Ǯɽ˰ңҺ֮ǰͽУҪȻж֪жա
⼸죬ңҶǲһӶǰɹ֮УдԡĽݺҵλܶɹ֮УһλܴϢԼһ߲Ѥʥһ
ϢܿʹϽ˿ʼŽ͵ƽܿͰ⽣ݸ
񽣣
ʥҸǰĿ⼯е
ھŽ㣬ʱʱĸоһɹȵֱӿɹķȥ׾ٽ㰵զࡣ̤ףϵŶǿߣֻǾ֮ܶѡ
ãľϵټ˲òֿѰһ
ֻһյʱ䣬оԼԶĥʱǰһ״ǰһϿȣܵľ쳣ĴЩҪ˲ܻס
ӰϿ֮СϿȵ㣬˲䱻ŨڵߣʩչһֻһСƬǸ㾪Ȳѡ
Сĵ㣬һ󷨡ѵ
˵ͷеʩչΪ俪·
䡭
Сģϴ󺰵Ӱˣͬʱеͺһһ죬㱻ĵ
ã͵ϮĶһ߰ãֻõֱϣһЩ⡣
׼ٴγֻٵõʱһ֮͵ϤĿ⿴ǰ档ǰһϤŮˣ첽Ů˴޳֮ܶ䱥ظϴžţһֱջ
ŮôǧĵŮˣ㵵Ĳѣеôңѵǿɣ
ǣܿΪʲôŮ˵ųǧãЩö׷
ģŮôðһ䡣
㣿һֱܵޱվǰ㣬ϲ㣡ң
˵꣬ķ˹
Ӱһ䵽ޱǰסޱϸ֫ڿն𡣶ڿնͬʱʮǴ䵽˸ոޱվ֮ޱı㣬һ亹
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£ô§ޱܸоޱȣȥһѵ뷨
ޱƽŸо컣ΪԵʣĶ㣬֫Ҳ֪⻹⣬һֻԲęޱɫЩ̣ҪǿԶʱ׷ãֲҷ
£أޱΪ£û
вٱЩɱˣв档ޱָָǰ棬̲ס˼£ܸоĥԼ壬ȵĵһ㣬ǹɹܰ㣬ˣȻŰѳֲס̲ס˵ķӦ
һһ䡣
ޱȻҲоı仯ſߣŷ˵ſң
ޱоһɻð˳Ҫҷſ
ޱ˵ǣǿѾǲԸãİǶ˵㲻׼˼롣ƣܷ
ô˼ˣЦеĿǰϼȴǿƵޱ
ޱܸоęޱ£ȳ䣬ȴõĹǴ˹ŵļһޱ㣬ܣ
ЦӿסЩǴ̣䣬ʱñķ飬㱧ޱҲӰٴκ˾롣
ޱı㣬ֶԸЩȥ
㱻ޱţŵȴʮ컣̲סһĸͬʱһɹסЩá
£ҵҲаҵĲô飬ЩԲޱ˵һƣ̫ˡ



511 
ޱȻʱʱıϷ£ǿصãıһҶ
ŮȻԼܣòϵӿ֣òԸЩãԭϵıЩáǾˣҲδֹЩõĲ
ôôãѵ㹴˲ɣ㿴ŻеŮˣԼˬˬȴûʱܡ
ޱ޵ֱҧ̲ס޺޵ļҧȥ㱻ޱһҧ۵ǳ֣Ǵ̶˹˵ơ
㲻ҪˣȳʱˣСӡ
ЩޱϵĹǴ̣ޱҲðź⣬ҲҶҧ㣬ֻǲʾĻһôå
ҪåͰ㰴ڲݴˡݺݵĵһޱʮֲ˵ƴջңҶסڵ
㡭ޱЩˣԼջ
ʲô㣿ѵҪǲǣϽҷſ˫۾һ仰Ͱޱ»ȥ
쵰ޱҧһ䣬ӳȥʰ㡣
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Щʰûˣҿ㻹ʲôޱһԽ˵Խ֣̲ס˵һ䣬Ҫ˼תЩϡ
㿴һЩã˷˵ɰ취ӳȥ
˵꣬һӡһΧãĳ£Щ˲ͱķ飬ĺ俪һ·Ӱ·Уɿ񱩵ıΪ俪·ңʹ£Ӱٵ
Ҳ֪˶Ҫûͼ֮е֧֣˶ˡ
ңκĺɨ£Ŵޱ˳漴ӰԶԶıܿȺһϿ
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һܣ漴һïܵĵطȻһЦǸݴһĵط
쵰ޱŭһݺݵĳƣΪ֪Ӯһ
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ޱ˫ֱأ¶Ĵ⵲סǣסһ⣬ȴޱ죬ޱͷȥԼȴҲѣ¶
׼ޱ뵽ոնԸõʱǲһⲻסЩǴ̣Լ¶
Ϊ뿴ֻ͵ǰܲòɣ˵ȴֹʱҪЩǴ̶໮һЩźá
ޱҧгݣϽܵոָŵһݴԡ
ιǸʲôͲɣҸ㣬˿ɲôջġҪҪ·ջҡ
쵰ޱţȴ첽Ķڲݴ֮УҲûжãϾͳֻѾһ壬ԸеĽİΪˡ
ͺˣ㾪ȡ
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ʼ磬ȻĲȥֻǵ˵Ͽ֮Уֻã󷨣µʵ֪ܲƿأҪƲˣҪУǿϧˡȻ۹ⲻôΣ˻ǰһ˵ġ
һ仰ޱֹס˽Ųһ˵ȥһΣ
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죡ޱ˵񻵻ŭȵȻŭ
⵹ʧЦŮ˻ǺԼϷôöû˱ŭ벻ôһ仰ŭˡ
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ʹͣ㸸ʹ͸ʲôλЦλҪǮҽǮȻ࣬Ҫ˵Ļж١㸸ʻʹʲô𣿡Ц
Ҫʲôޱʵ
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ޱɫһһף֮ŻָѾˣԽһ˵ϷԽ
ҵܲĵطҪԸȥһ롣ҪǲԸ⣬Ҿֻ취ȥȱޱ˵
һϲȴʲôûб¶Ӱ׼ǰȥѰҷȴ˵Բ¿ᱻĳŵΣԲȥˡ
ո˲Զȴͣ԰Ůû˵ǸλãԼ
뵽⣬һߵޱǰ̾һ˵Ȼ±جΡǷ˵Ҳµ˭µˣǿҲһˣܲܿȥɡ
ޱɨһۣһһα֮Ÿ·
ʵǿܾޱ
ޱ˵ҪҲˣԼ㡣
һ·߹˲СҲżһЩãǶֽˡޱĴ·£һֱϿȵ
Ǹոߵ⣬ϵ𣺡㣬СһЩΪֶܵһ֮ʱʵܿ⡣
㾪ȵͬʱϼ˵ҽ㲻Ҫȥ
ϣ𣿡ʵ
󷨿ӦɿܵġϻشڵʵҪǽȥС󷨣Կһ֮ȫ
ȥԣСһЩӦòġ˵
ϼ˵ҲȰҲҪõľòҵԸŹ
ҵ֣ߵޱ˵
ޱһ㶣漴Ťͷû쵰ռұ˻ռɣ
ҵ֣ҪǲСĴ󷨣û㡣ȵ
ĺȳ⣬ޱһץ㣺ƿ𣿷ǱУұƴͳȴ׷ɱ
˵ͷû˵֮УһУ͸оܵŨࡣ룬ҪһĻΪһ츣ء
ңߣˣҾȲˡٴѵ϶ǿ϶ܲ˵Σա
ϣʶ㣬ָ·ɡź˵


512 
Ȼ꣬ûĸ֪󷨵˽ҲࡣϾϱ̬ܶࡣǴ˴
ɽľΪԵ죬ͿռΪһ壬ǿĻԲʮ֮ڵһԿʮءȻΪ£õ֮һɡǣҲһϵˡһǵͨµ󷨣ɱ˲ǿ߰ɡ
𣿡ܿߣϲʵ
ҡҡͷҪǵȫʢʱڣˡǣֻ㾡ǣҪĻȡʱ򣬱ضᴥ
Ƚȥ˵ɡһޱС֣֪󷨵ǿǲޱҶˡ
ޱץţɫ˺ȴûصɫƿ𣿡
ҡҡͷѣ
˵꣬Ҳ˵ǰȥûãͼһȺߣΪ׵ǷվӼֵҲУľǵ̴Լޱˡ
Щ˱ðΧţЩöЩﵽСȻò࣬Ҳǧңȴæҡ
䡭䡭
һĺУЩ˲ŰЩãޱվ£ôֻˣ
Ǻ꣬ܿͷ㣬ޱֱǣţЩĿŹֵĿޱ㣬в˿
ɫ˲ѿֻһܿͻָ£ôһ𣿡
ңޱδ쳣Ҳɿ֡
㡭ޱ׼˵ʲôʱȴַע⵽棬˳Ŀ⿴ȥŷӦϽɿ֣վ˵Ǳᣬֻգԡ
Ǻǣ£㲻ýͣ㡣ЦЦºͣ˵֣û뵽ּˡ
㷭˷ۣ̫αˣԼ޵ǣƫƫ̬
ȣ̫ˣҿûʲôΣﻹõȡЦ
Ŀһ裬һϲԼϲŮԼ˭ܵˣ
£ԺЦˡҿͦõЩ˵Ķޱ˵Ȼû£Ҿˡ£·ôֱ˺ˣ
˿ȥֻޱ䱻˺ѵһӡԭҲûʲôϾ֦Ҳпܡǣ³ȥʱ򣬲Ǵ·
㣡˵Ź֣ޱŭһɫ࣬·ʲô񼫵顣
ޱŭ죬һʲô˼·÷ô룿йŮһֽ·ˣ
˵£ôʲôûʲôֻǺһ㡣
쵰ޱҪˡ
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ģޱĶ㣬ɨ񣬹ȻɫЩÿ
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һ仰ˣһĿɿڴĿ㣬رվǶ˴Ĵָ찡쵰Ȼ˺ѵĹµ·º׷ʲô
㡭ޱ˵ﻹ֪ʲôܻ޵ֱҧݡ쵰Ҫ⣡
·ԼŪƵģҲԼѵģûϵޱ͵

վ̲סһƬȻɴ۾Ŀ㣺ʲôǿˣǿˣù
ô׸ʲôί˵ոҲôף
ޱ˵֮ͺˣȫԽĨԽڣرǿǷģҧһڡ
ޱˣӣֵܾ˵£ҼѾҧˣ㲻ỹҧɣ
찡վ˸оĶˣžĵޱֿĸоȾɫȻıһˣ¾ȻҧˣǵĶսǻǶôңù̲סҧˣ
ޱһ仰˵ظϵظɢԸеջ󣬿Ϊ֮ۡ׷ɵĹ˹ˡ
ǹģҺʲôûУޱŷ͵
¶º͵Цݣ˵ͷЦףϲЦˣǶ֪
˵ʱĿ⿴㣬Ȼɫºͣе
ʼҲ˵ȴ˲ѡ룬һӣҲǺ˸˵顣㲻ţһķȡҪеĻҲ޻˵˵һ
ޱ˵Ȼķһۣٴ㡣
ȣû۹û۹⣬ҶҲƽϡֹһ׼ȴٴγǧá
վЩӿã̲ס⻹ûˣ
ȻдеȴһɨֲӿɱЩáãҲ飬һӿ
֣֮кܶ𣿡ʵ
޾վûΣÿγǧڳ֮ûйãֻӿǰǾġ
վĻüͷ˵Ƿô£
ǼһӦ׷ʱȴõסҲվҲûΣʱֻγȥҲҵˡ
еϵĺһ߾úķ顣

ߵʱޱͻȻһ䣬㶨Ȼȥޱߵǣƣȴһͷá
Ӱһޱߣסޱ֫һƺãޱŵĻʧɫޱЦ£ҿ׵ɡ
ޱļУƿߵø׼־ޱȴ§뿪§ޱ֣˺ȴЦлӣ
˰ֵҾȵǹ£ֲǾ㣬л
һ仰÷ɫʮѿһ֮˵ǷԽˡ
ޱ״Ҳûж룬ͷ񺰵һ֣Щýˣ취ȥ
ǣ£쳣Ĺ
ޱˣ΢΢üͷǵһ˶ޱܲΪʲô̲סһۣżǺһ
ʼ磬޹˵ȹ¾ȻرҲգҲˡ
ޱЦãŤͷԷļһ
˳ֺõʱ֮ͻȻһУУ̧ͷȥ֮ϣһ

˾ڣۿͷ
һ֮ҲϲӰһռȥڴͬʱĻзվߺޱǿ



513 
໡
໽һڿռ֮У˲ŨŨǵء˿һĻкȻŶôŨһɢֻһơǣȴܻǵصŨ
һѹվ
ڷɵ˵ͷ漴԰ڵӿѹȥ
Ű֮һǰԵͬһ㣬ɨ֮䣬ܿķâȻֻɨȴΪֲ
ЩаЩңϾһ޺Ҫһ޵ĻжԶҪܶԶĿֲҲܴݿĺ顣

ǵͨ˿ʮֲֿǶ˵ȴáʹֻɢһֵ˵ѹҲ״ݻǵ
˵ĺ֮УվȡӡĽһ޴Ĺ֮ϣѹס
Щûȴñʹ£״ѹȥ
Ǽʹˣת֮䣬˵ֶƬ̾ͻ顣
ģһ䣬ôֲҪˣֻǱķЩͱ˺ѵķˡ
ֲסˣҪˡվβɨҡϣҪ˵ľ
òײҵٴʧԼСһݣվ֣ѹʮϢʱ𣿡
վ΢΢üͷתͷ漴˵ͷסʮϢа취շ
Ǿ鷳ˡ󺰵һ׵۶ɡ
˿׵磬ɻĿ㣬ѵ⼸׵ʰɣⲻ

˵Ķ֮Уָһ㣬׵ֱֱĺܵɽ֮ϣɽΪƽء
һԴ˰ɣʱƢɽ𷢻𣿡ޱһ䣬о治һˣʺ
ޱֹʱȴ͵ıѹһ㣬˸оѣԭڿյˣѹѹڵϣһӣǱ쳣
ģʲô߶ŭ
ûǣе׵ɲϵһ׵֮˸ǸоԼһ̩ɽĶѹԼ̱ڵϡ
䡭
ƺ¡¡֮ϣֲط·һƵģߵ˸оǶԿ֮
ǵʵ֮ܿıѹѹĵڵϣɫҰס
ʱҲҧѹһ׵ȥ׵֮Ҳֵ̩ܵɽѹѹĵڵϡ
䡭
һ죬֮ϣһɫİƣɫ֮ƣ̺֮ݺݵ水
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ȴĶ֮ƣаϣԼܳɹҪȻѹࡣ
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һҪסĶϣܵס֮ơ
Ķյʱײһ۵Ĺâо۾ʹȴûգۡصĳɨգ粣һ۱ѡ
صڴʱڷɶеͼ͵ı󡣷վȻоոǹѹʧһɶ۾ŷӦ㼤䵽գһҲ䵽֮С
ʱغ£ıɵΣͼɨ˹ȥһͼ֮Сһ֮ͼּһΡ
ȡĵڶεʱվͷ԰ѹ
ͬʱСٴλָһƬƽ
µ˻δӦͼȫꡣ
֮ͼջУ֮Уµ档
ֶֺΣվ˴ĴָЦ
վʱ˿ﲻףǵ׵ǳ׼ѹ뵽ٶվʱлðź⡣ҪסĻǾֻбĳĿܡ
һȫǰһġ
ҲЦվȻֻǵõһСǾһС̺ۺˡ
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̤ǰһŶֵ˼һ㣬תͷվ˵֣ǿ
Եİʾվ㶣ﲻ׷˼߲˵ͰΧסһ·ˡ
վȻҲ̰ȴ²˾ĳ֡ϵá˲򵥣ҪǳֵĻֵĵôҪǣ峤ѣҪ㡣
ԣվȻҲ̰ǻżǣ񲻶ͶİʾҲżҡڡ
ǸʲôվûѡޱͺһǵģѵǾԴ𣿡
ޱĺȳ⣬վڷ֣ŷʼ磬ʾС
վɵӣȻ֪ǲ͹ʲôǣµȴġǻʵ۵飬ҪȻҲСĴڱ
Ȼޱϲǳ֣ǸռϷ磬Ͼ»мС
һ⣬û뵽Ů˾ȻΪȳ⡣ޱϵ·еŨ
ûãһϴº˵£ֻǺֿһЦ˭ֵ֪ǿǺǣҶ֣Ҳʤˡ
ޱ˵ɫºͣһ˵߰ɣлл㣡
ޱҲˣȺ˲ͷȻˡǲٽˡ㲻ߣҲм
ʼЦЦŮ˵ǻ㹫ֻĨɾܲ¡ôԼأ
£´λ׷ɱʱ򣬼ǵýҡˣǵôʵһ·˵
ޱ࣬뵽컣̲סȵҹ
ޱرڣ÷ɱһһ˰ˡ
ȣ˼һҹ黹Щˡ̫ˡ̾һװźį˵ҲգȻˣҾˡ
Ŀ⿴漴Ц֣ȻûԸһ͵͵Ź²ڵʱ򡣡
Ǻǣ˵Цˣ
У֣¸˵ϲǶأ
㣡ޱըˡ
ϽʼǸǸҴӦ˵˵ȥģһʱˡǸ´ҧһڡ
쵰뿪ޱŭһ


514 
սɢһһԣ
кȻֱЦԲţˣӦԲɢΪΡҪȻñԼ㲻αܴô죿
аԴĦڷлһô̵ͬʱҲոˡѾõˣӦҸط֮ˡ
һǮɽ껯ˣȴδҵ룬ҲûȥŽôҪ֪ҵʲôʱҪĿĻʵΪϾӿǿԽԽˡʵԽǿͶһֱǡ
뵽⣬ھŽһȽƫƧĵطһѨڶѨ֮СȡͼСǸոУͱеľ仯𺳵ˡ
ͼ֮еĺѾİٱֹŹˮϪҲ֪ϪеˮǺеˮϪ
֮зֻĺҲ֪ӶԶʶͷںλãǵ۵ͳõˮˮ룬һɫ޵Ļ䣬й΢
޵Ļ䣬֮ϣټѻɣһСɽеɢռ䡣΢γѭתϢռ֮УȻż
ʱ䣬ȥһľڿռ֮СˮԴԼռͻԴԴϵ֡ʱռŻǿųΡԺдá˵
㲻֪ռ䵽ʲôãһ磬ģһȻġ
Ǻǣڻ磬һ磬кܳ·ߡһΣѾˡģԺȫáкôڵٶȣҪϼЦңÿһ磬һͨ磬Ȼֻͨͨдﵽ֮ͨĳǿ߲ӵУһӵУ
֮ͨе۾һд⣬Ҫ
ڻ磬лѹľҵ˵Ц⣬ôռ䡣ռĶҲҪﵽʥļ𰡡
ȻܸϽ֮ͣ̽еı仯Ҳȡһʼľ
ȻеҪֻǾѡ
ɹ֮ϣ֮ϣĸֳƣ籧Ŵ
ٶʮֿ죬ֻٶȣ΢΢üͷеϵĸоȻﵽƽ⣬˭Ҳû࣬˭Ҳû١ƽ⣬ûһƫء˵ɵͨƫһľ硣
Ȼƽ⣬ÿһֶڱƫһϸо˼顣½ûгֹǣⲢʲô¡
ʵϣƫԽϵԽáƫԽԽپ磡
ҪͻƵҪľ۳һɣ˵Ԫ
ҪƽߣҪﵽԪǾԼǿһϵΪɣΪ֦ۺһ𣬽ﵽԪ˵ǿһϵǾͿѹƱһЩ
ǣͬǿȡֲ˭Ǹɣ˭֦ۺһǿۺϵĻѶҪǿԣҪͻƵҲҪࡣ
ȻҪۺϵĻҲҪǿ˲١ΪʲôЩƫߣͬȼҪǿܶԵʡ
ƽ⣡ǵһμҲ֪ʲô취ۺһ𡣡ϴ˶Ǵʱȴ̲סоͷۡǰۺϹϵǾѾ˼ϵǾ͸Ѱˡ

ʱɹ֮ǰѾ׹ˣ̱ǵѪζΧɹɹܣѾѪɺˡֻǰɹȴһȾ
ʱ˿ɹûǰ̰ľηͿ־塣Уɲ֪˶ǿˡܼģѾˡ
Ĵڳ˵ǲģȴڴˡ
ûǿǰһǿɲϵɹϽĸң壬ϵĸϽ֮ˣҲ˺ռ
Ȼصľ񽣣˭õҸ˴ԣõ񽣣ͿԵõ͵ĵͳ
ʲôǿߣĵͳ˭õʹЩĹ壬ǾΪ֮ȡ
Ҫǣоʥ
λϹŵǿߣǵʬǣҲԱȵʥⶫҲɹ֮еǾͲ˵ˡɹ֮Уõκһ
ԣԽԽǿ߸֪ǻǸȻǿ߶ǰ׷Ƥˡ
Ҳ⣬ɹո̫˵ǿȻҪȴ²ƴһġЩȴͬˣǶǴ޽һѣʧܣҲֻѡǣҪǳɹĻ˵˶٣ԣǲòƴһѡ
ҲΪʲô֮۵ɹ֪أÿ껹кܶȥ
Ľݹ壬ҹ壬ʱٴɳ˴ǿ߳֡壬Ҳ޼ĴܼҲС˵壬׼ǿĴ֮ɹҲûôӪ
֮ȻҲɹǱϾ֪ʲôǣɹҶ֪ž񽣣ǽ͵֮ءôҲˡ
䡭
˾̾ʱһ֮һľ죬ͻȻһĺڵĳ죬ͷŴ⳵һ֣˸оԼһ㣬֮һЩ̲סź
Ϲž壡˴󺧣ŵĿǰĳ죬žͼɢ
еļߣҲȻѡ죬ǺεȻȲǱϾѾʼɱˣʵﲻܣҲԶˡǣԷȻ졣
Ľݣɫ壬ֻмеǿ֣߳ǿˡ
ھ壬ЩҲ⡣Ͼžʥ
˾ʱ򣬴ʻһ
񣿡
˾ڣɴ۾Ŀͷܻȼտռ䣬յĿռ죬ȵ¶Ȱһжճɰ̡Ҫ˵һ˿ѪĻôһ˿Ѫ
ˣܾû뵽ҲϹŶǺպļ塣ԣǵһͷˡ
㶵ĿȼճĹ棬漴ĿתɹﶼˣɹƲ
ȻЩֵߣҲϽ뿪Щ˶ɣɴ𣬷꣬Ѿˡ



515 
֮ˣ
ܵȵһʱʵӦñƽСԲҪǿٰɡϾÿһϵҪǿǿһ
ȻҲȷϾСﵽԪĵز
ҷԡʱǿаԼƽϡҪܱȵùǲкͰһսʸ
㿴ͷ۶ϵŬҪһ𣬿ȴζȻƽֻҪǿлһ𣬾ͻֳǿĿܡֿܣ𶯵е㲻ȡ
㣡ȱԪٸ취ϼԪ⡣
˵꣬ü˵˼ҴﲻԪĵزˣ
ЩѣһûƽġƽߣƫϵϵҲǿ֮֡ȴǿһģһҪһԪѶȡ˵ҲǾãЩ취
ô˵ֻܵͷӦ
ˣȲԪˣط֡ҵԼôɡĵҲףǮɽõѡ˹ϵ̫ãҲŲֽš
ʺϵѡΪ۹ʳǵĵһˣſɱԵġ
ǺǣһһǮɽУҪһС᲻þǵЩŮ˸ԹޣȻһЦ뵽⣬ǾбҪͷսһ
˳һޱŮˣѡ治ô
㷭漤ȥﵽ֮ʩչңθǸо泩һеĸо
ϣﵽǷҡֱϾĵزֹһӰȴٵ뿪
㣡׼ҷʱ򣬶ȴһĺֹסŲһܣȴûзӰΪԼʱһٴ𣺡֣
˳ȥֻһصĲݴ֮ˣǰ԰ףҡ
֣Ǯ֣ôˣѵĳŮݴУǿֵزˣ㿴˾ʱҡҡ׹ĸокȻ֪ǸŮ˱¡
㣡Цˣ껯ʱ˼ЦɿЦһǱŪ
ʲô͵ɴ۾Ŀ껯˵ôǿһȻҡҡ׹찡ԭɫһ͡
ðź⣬Լȥⲻ
֣Ǯɽҧгݵĺ㣬޲ñӳ㣬һ˼˵
ǺǣڨڨЦЦҲԼЩ£˼ҶˣԼֻ
ҲգҾͰһ£ЦЦ˵꣬еĵһʱʵ˵ЧȻ˵ѪŻָһЩ
ȡһЩľá
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Ǯɽ̾һȻΪǡǣ֪һǿߣ֮ͬ߳ģȫڤ֮ǣɢа⣬˾һУһоͱҪǶԷмɱˣˡ
һаǴоЩš
껯Цһ˵ʵӦûҪǿ
ޣۿ껯о˼顣ôǿߣ
ǰɣǮɽЦ
仰һ漴˵֮ͬðģӦòǷָʾİҪı£ﻹֵ۸
ǰͬһѡҪȻΪܻų𣿡껯̾Ǻ޲ɱǡ
˵ͷеĵһˣȻˣʱ棬ǿߣܿġ
ǵǲ棡ֻһġǮɽ̾һҪˣ
ôɻʵ
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̾һˣǲָȥɡǿҲʲô
֣ұϾǳӣܱѾǲˡʱˣϣܸһϢѡùһЩ껯˵
ȥ˵ЦѣԼȥ˵ޱŲŹ֡ƽˡޱֻԼȻֶΡ
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ȥ԰ɣŲҿɲ֪껯˵
껯ͷһԵǾ鷳ˡ
ͷҲϻһЩҩٸһЩ׭֮ſ첽ʧ˵С
еһѷ׭Ǯɽ껯һۣеЩָмڵҪΣոܴЩ׭ͺöˡ
ȻϲΪ˻ǲһѷ׭ҲֵǮǮɽЦ
껯ͷ׭ҲԼģԽԽ͸ˡոյٶӦֽˡģʱȻдаҲû찡
ǮɽЦЦ˵ֵĴУ֡ǲ֪Ϲλǿߵĵͳ

ӰٵҴĵޱҪȻĻֿ϶ǮɽҪҵĶࡣϾĶ޼ĴҲȰɡ
ֻϣޱûкͷһҪȻϢ洫ȥ
մһۼͬʱĿȴ׽һˣǸϤӰ΢΢һ㶣ô
ٴοȥʱȴӰѾʧ㲻üͷѵˡȻûпݣȴϤӦòῴ
ӰǸ׷ȥȴûзֶԷӰӡ
ҡҡͷе뷨ųȥӦǿˣӦòŶԡ
һ·ۣת˲ٷȴûޱɻŮ˲汻ȥǸǿ˰ɣ
㰵Կϧʱһɽȣȴޱɽ֮У
ҺҺãŮ˻ûбߣ㰵ҡ
һܣûзӰӣӰһ䵽ޱߡ
㣡ôޱȣвϲü˻ǲһڵķԷȴܲˡԣϲ㣡


516 ȳ
һϢ㿴ǰŮˣĿزɨԵظʮԸС
ʲôϢޱȻĿ⣬ޱɻǲϲüͷѾϰ㲻ֵҲû˵ʲô
ϢҲ֪ǲʵֻһϢˡʼޱ˵Ϣ껯Ǯɽġ
ޱһۣҲû˵ţҲû˵š
ʲôϢޱʵ
Сķ񣬷ʱһʵǿǿߡΪֺǿߣһʽס׼͵ȥʼСһЩǡ
˵̧꣬ͷޱȴޱɫǺ죬۾ɵϴֱֱĶ㣬³һֺ
ޱβŭһԷԽԽˣǰڷҲˡڻ䡣Ʒӵ£
ѾŲ㡣㿴ޱʼ
㣡û뵽С˵ֵزƽɢҥҲˣϾǵҵ棬󡣿ǣھȻ޳ܵ䡣ŷڣ˵ҥ껯㵱ѡޱŭȵСˣҲһֳ衣֪ˣӦ÷˰ɱˡ
ޱŭ㣬֮ɫû뵽˾Ȼӵֵز
Ǹ˵䣬ȴޱŭȡ
סڣҹȥޱŭɣĿʲôҪҺͷ϶˷ֿóԲԣ㣬Ҹ㣬ġСˣҾ޸Ҳ࿴һۡ
㵣̲ס껯֪˵ʲôҲϢŮҲģôһֶξͽг룿Ҳ̫СԼɫȮˡԼҪ룬ֶλô
ޱο˵Ȼᵽ¡Ҫǿȷʵεķϣʰˡ
Ǹֻ˵һ䣬ȻƨɣƯǱҶûдǽš㿴һޱ˵ҪǽţΪһʩչӵֶΣ̫Сˡ
ޱ㣬ž񣺡ɫı䲻С˱ӵΪ
ޱˣҲЩϲˡԼϢһСˣһ޳ܱӡ浱ԼƢܺòɡ
סڣںһס޴ޱѹȥ
ޱЩµģ㲻䲻ȵ˵벻Լֻǰѻ޳ܱӣλҡҶҲ˵ʱ򣬲ҪñҶǡǣ
˵֮ӰٵƬ̼ʧޱС
ޱŷӦǰ棬޺޵һŽµʯͷŭȵ쵰ȻҶҴСԺʰСˡޣߣΣ
Žµʯͷݺݵ˼ŷйüͷ䣬ɫЩӣ뻹ǰһȡ˳

˵˵õһڷߣһ۰ȫڤ֮ɢӵʵ
ǵģ̫ӣǰ쳣ĹϴĵЦݣһ˿ǵһӵķ緶
Ǻöӵ˵֪𣿡
һϲ֪Ŷ̰ġ
㣡һοôѡжԹ޲ѣž̫ӳ֣Ȼܰɱˡ
̫ϹžʥӣܵͳʱơĵͳǾĸȻҲĹ֮У֮СǣȴסҲֻУϲУ㲻ʲô
̫ӣ֮СʹϹţйţŵĸ󴫳У֮Сˣһ־Խˣֻñ֮
Ҳ֪ھŽ֮С˵
ţ̫ӵ˵ͷ漴˵Уǹ˵ӵϹŵͳԿףң
Ȼƭ̫ӡ񹧾˵Ҳע⣬ǰȥԿףȴʧˡ
Ҫޱ仰ĻȻ㵲ѡޱ˰Χ׷ɱȻǷɵˡ
̫˵Щ㵹µ֡ĶҲȥ̫˵
ڨڨЦɷλޣɾһҵ
̫ӵ˵ͷ漴˵й𣿷赣Ա̫Ҳ󡣡
̫ӷģȻҺȷʵƽȴֶȻ赡ʵҲܺڣΪάŵķȣһֱ뵽һ̫ӡ
̫˽⣬ҪûޱҲͰˡ˵ĻȻ⡣ԼȻԹԼȻˣ˵ȥǰһá
ţ̫ϴЦݣȻˣҿ
ǣͷβܰޱ͸̫ӡɣ̫ǲܵġϾǴ۹ӣҪϢȥг֮
̫ӣϾǹżʵҲҪ̫»һЩ鷳ġž̫˵
޷ֱӸҪУǿ̫ӵ˵ԴŮˣҪԷĸԸǿ³ˣ
ǣиͣȴġݣʲôŮ˻ܾ㣿ǰͲ͵Ĵȥ£㻹Ҫǿ𣿿ǣҪŮ˲˳㣬᲻ǿأ
ȻģĵҲףޱǱŮӡΪԷǾ̫ӣšңԼϾҪԼȥ˵ôһ仰ޱ
ޱǺϣھǣ֮أ
ǵһ취֪֪Լġžġ
̫ӣܲܽӸãĵĿž̫ӡ
̫ӵ˵ͷָ˵ǸĻ
ǣӹ˵
̫ӻ˻˵ȥɣ
ˣ뿪

λȵǺһϷΣո뿪̫ӣͶ˵
̫ҵӵģӷԸǡ˵
ӣһС֮ʵò̾һĵ̡ףҲǺպǣھ壬ȴֻ̫߲۵ӡ
̾̾Ǹ˶ߣϸļƻ˵
λ𣿡ʵ
ӷģȥǣӵͷ
ͷƻȻޱĻɣٺ;̫˵һޱôҲ벻Լġ
Ǿ鷳λˣ˵
֪ޱ˾ǸȥȴסϧǵȴҪøˡɣǲġǼʹٲᣬҲҵ̫ӡ



517 Ŀ
ޱл߲ѣʶһֳ衣
Сˣޱһ䣬Ҳ뿴㡣
ޱʱ򣬼Ϥ׼ۿȥֻȫմȾѪҺϢңŹɹѪҺӿ
ôˣޱ󾪣Ͻǰס񣬻ǰ
סǰΪ˵ޱ¿ߣ
ޱһܰѷ˵ʵȻͣ׼ޱ뿪ʱ򣬼֮ȴ˵Ķ
ǺǣҪߣҲͬⲻͬ⡣
źۣһа֮߻߳˵·ס
¿ߣ˴ңǵʵֲǲĶ֡
˭ޱվǰһȵѹͷ񱣻롣
˭㲻ֻ֪ҪףˡЦ£ɡء
ޱˣ漴һ۷ҡҡͷҪأ
ҪߣӹЦӿأȥ

ޱһޱı𶯵ĵɳȥѪҺޱ£ӡ
һ֮ȻһбԷˣޱд󺧣ŷ񣬿첽ȥ
ҲΧˣ˹ȥ
֪ЩʵȻȵϾ̫ߵˣһһѪҺ
ޱŷǱߡΪܵٶȲǺܿ졣
ټһ£ߣ̫ǿҵҲסޱЩżŷ첽ߡ
ͷӣ΢΢ӿ죬ֻǲ԰׵ޱĲ̡
ھŽ֮д壬˲̵ľ롣ޱһʱԭΪѵˣȴ˺ܿ׷
£㻹Ҫ𣿡Ц
ޱкȻ֮һޱ˵ǿ
£ӣѾ˵ޱдŽ
ӣӣӰһޱС
ޱһҧ˺ȵǵΪʰǲɣ
˵꣬ޱȡһƷƷӨ͸һѼϢɢһĿ͵
ǵΪκε𣿡ޱָһ㣬ѾӨ͸ļϣѼʱһââ۳һ޼˼˹ȥ
ѿռľ޼ҲȻӰѾ޼ͬʱĿҲЩԹޡŮıôã
Ȼ֪ޱⶫˣҪȻҲⳡϷˡ˿Ͷȥһ޵԰ꡣ
ޱŭȵһر˻κβ˱Ҫŭ˱ͨرϢظʣǶ
ޱŭȵʱ򣬷ͻȻҽһ͵׹ءޱϽŷ񡣶ڴʱȴһѪҺ³
³ѪҺޱһϽƿҪܿѪҺ
ǾޱӦѸ٣ǻǱѪҺմȾ֮ϡմȾѪҺޱĿŷ
£ߡ
ǵģ˿ƽޱޱϽ뿪
ǣʱޱŷɫӣҲûȥ
ޱţЩëѵһʲô룬־òܡɲĺż£ߡùң
ޱһմѪҺһŷ˵ϣ𣿡
͵˼£ޱʵ仰ʲô˼ߣű뿪
ޱ˲ɫ԰ףȶ˼ޱָɫƽޱϲǸʵıϴұ׷ɱʾͰⶫʹ͸ҷáﲻʲôܣʳ֮в˵λʥʦƽӶ˵ҴҶ֪ﲻմȾѪҺմȾѪҺĻ͵ڷϵˣǸʴһѪҺȫյ㣬ʳǺܶ˶֪Ϊʥʦ˵㣬Ҫ˵㲻֪
彩Ӳҡͷе治֪ԭ£
ޱ̾һǸΪС˵Ļޱŷޱϲɫƽ˵ɣҪ͸˭ҳȫǣ
ޱɵӣҪûѣƭȥˡǣаǧٱСˣȴһӡ粻ѪѪƫƫѶóʱ򣬾һѪҺ档
ҪҲͰˣƫƫѪ£ԸոշվŵķλѪǲ絽ϵġ
ɫһû뵽Ů˾Ȼˡ
ʲôѵĿôѵΪҴĲɣԴǵĺȵ֮䣬ǻŹɹѪҺӿ
ޱչһЦЦĻǧǰǾӣڲŷ֣Ҫ˵ޡĶԣϹˣŻῴ㡣ǺǣЦǱӦɡ
ޱˣ֪װҲûˡŮ˲ǷôҲû뵽ȻֵزȻⳡϷˡ
񣡲ҪװˣҪ͸˭ɣޱ˵ɫƽǷȴף¡ŮˣǶԼˡ
ޱҡ˵ʲôȴޱϵ
ԺҪҵ֣ҹޱѵ
״ҲϷѾӲˣնɱЩʱɱޱ»ʵҲ֪˭ġÿԵõޱϹŵͳԿס
£˵һλԵ̫ӿ㣬ĪһǵѪҺ޸ո̬
ޱһ𣬸ո˵ôᶨȴЩڴϣԼˡǣվȴݺݵһԭǸΪС˵Ļġ
뵽ޱɿЦһ룬ԼûǷǵ۾ɡǸΪԼõӣҲԼɡ
ޱ뵽Լ˵ĻЦʱֲ죺ΪǸԼ⡣ڿ˵мڷǽš
ְɣЩɱˣһ񵭵˵ȻͱƣҲͲʲôˡЩˣҲɱϢɢ
ޱ˷һۣ漴ְĿתôϣܾǣޱҲ֪ȫΡƬ֮Упܾ㡣ǣôң㻹
ޱ룬ҪԼҲԲ֡
뵽⣬ޱ̾һŷ񵭵˵Ϲ۾Żʶ㡣
£㲻üҡ̫Ǻεƥ㲢û㡣ޱ˵ţޱ룬ӦòĿЦǣ˱ƭˡ



518 ̫
һݴ֮Уżˣ껯һˡǮɽŷ񣬿ڴްްֻ̹޲
һһźݺݵ߹ȥߵһ룬Ͼס˽ţǮɽȻһЦ㵹ǴǱҶǵĵ
Ǯɽˣ̲סָôһŹһԼͿȻĲҽһȻ˵Ŀ⡣Ҳòޱ
껯˿ûаæ˼̲ס˵֣ƽ˵ϲŮޱŮɣЩһˣ
ŮǰǡǣҶһŮҪΪŮͰһΪСһˡȥҲûϷһȥˡȻ˵
Ǯɽ껯һۣ漴Цһŷ׿ԽޱкǲʡϾޱǵˣþ
֣ҪǾǷһǡ껯˵
ǮɽϽͷԶԣ־ǾǷһ顣
һۣǵǴĺ⡣㵹ҲСǼǺޱԸȥȣǰ˶ÿһ𶼲ԼæҲһá
Ҫǣûп껯˵Ǹǿߡ˭֪ڲԱߣҪڵĻԼҲȥΪޱԼȥֲֵգҲҶ˼
껯ڰе뷨˵˳뷨˵֮Ǯɽ껯һ˵ȻˣȴܵסһˡֵʵסӦмֿܰɣο߻мŵ
ҪһǵǸǿأ㶢ʵ
ӦòڣҪȻͳˣοΪһǲ֣ʱŹ𣿻ڣѷһ˰ˡ껯˵
ǱҰ̾һ
ֲļǺһŮ˵ĻɣµҲǱ۾ǡѵСǼ껯˵
ҪңЦСûãҲգͳְһѡ˵ˣʱԷǿڣҿǻܵġ
껯ŵĵͷǸǿڣҲҪܡǿ£ҲȲ˹ԼҲȥһȻȥ

£߰ɣޱץ˹ȥ
ޱץһ˫֣͵ĺˡǣӵٶȺ֮죬ܿҪץסޱĵı۾ȴעˡ
Ǻǣλ۸һŮˣǲ̫ˡһϤޱоԼ֫һֻϤָסڿն
ô֣ޱϲ͵۾С˵ӱ˶Էһ
㣡ޱϲĺ
㿴һޱŷƲƲ˵ʧˣС㿴ˡ
ޱɫͨ죬ЩŤĶǸԲҡ
ڰֵǸõĻϻôɱȣ㲻֪һôѺۡ룬ûаٰʮŮοǲֲġ
Ļޱһ࣬ҲĻһﻹϲٰʮŮûѰɣ
ףҺ֣ȻûޣĿޱ˵
ޱ˵һ仰ʱ޿ɱñҶ뵽仰ޱһ졣ס֫Щ֡
㣬Ȼҳ֣㣬Ǵżֺûء
ǲǺʧЦŶŷ˵ɲֻһŶ
˵֮껯ǮɽҲ˵ҽ£Ȼûкõĳסǣǿָʵ
ԭҲڣЦ̫һƣû𣿡
ܱǸǻĺúõġ껯￴ŷ˵ֻǲ֪᲻ôã
û˵ǶӺһ֣Ƕ
ǰΧ껯˵ǶԸһ
˵֮ޱļ˵Ҳסһ
ǣһͷ껯Ǯɽһ˹ȥ
һ䣬Щ쵰ѡġǿȴԼ
ǣȴòֺ
Ҷĵ
Ҳ֪˭ΡЦ
ĻŭûǮɽ㻹ܰ𣿡
Ծ֪˵꣬һֱȥƣֲռ䱻ǣŤ
۾һʱʵֵʱǿ̫ˡСӣʮֱҪȥ
Ҫ֪ʵжǿҲû㣬ֱֱӭȥ
䡭
һռ䱻ķ飬ͷ񶼵˳ȥֱ۲
һƣ˾Ȼ¡
ܣɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲšǰ㽻ֹԶԶԼŶãʵȻﵽԼ൱ĵز
ûʲôܵģ㵭˵мƽϣԼʵӦñһСҪǿһߣǱȴҪɺܲˡ룬кͰϽֵʸ
ߣһָһߣҵĹֱ
Цһһ𣬺Ⱥһ߽棬ֲľŰռ䡣
Ȼϣͷ൱ѡ㿴ٴδƽ֣Ҳ
ޱ濴˴򶷣ǰһֱϣ㱻ܡǴ˴ΣȴȭͷֱֱĶ㣬ΪɬСٵ꣬˿ȴ
ÿһΣ־ԼʹԼ֮
ͷ񲻶Ͻ棬䣬ϺܣŰռľ
֣ɵǼֲסˡǮɽǱˣʱһǣˣѾѼˡ
Ѿʼڰˣ˵ͷͼ֡
Ǿͼֵ䣬ڿռ͵ı켸ҽУ⼸ҽ㺧Ȼתͷȥȴһ
󾪣ңʹ£ܿĴǻǱ߽ǵšʹˣɸоԼͬشݺݵؿƵģգǱһѪѪվվȣڵϡ
㣡ޱľϽǰס㡣
껯ǮɽˣҲأǰ
ĵ׺Ȼǰֻǰһźۣ꣬ȫɢڤ֮֮ض
ģһ껯ﲻ˵ôˣ
ոǹĿֲ㳢Թﵽ¶סֻྡྷͺˡ
Ȼûаһаնɱ˼
żɫ䣬ĵֵܵģһ֮£Ҫ


519 
ޱصһץ㡣Ѿ󡣸ֵܵġ
ĵ׺ȻӰҪܿǣ̫Ǻεһӿ׼ƴ˽һеʱоһıܿһ
ովռ䣬Īķ籩ϯռ䣬ȵ˺Ȼž̫ӵҲ˼־η
˭̫ӼȻ˾£ϵڤ֮ЩֵĹĿգһ
껯Ｘ˿ܿһҲңҲɻ˭
ô¸Ҿ˻ҳ𣿡̫һĪѹֱռһһռ俪ʼŤ
ͬһȻ֪˭ϴοǸӰӦþˡ
㰵˼Ů˻᲻ʱһӰƮ¡ŮݹɫƮ֮䣬̬翣һ⾳չ˵ĹâƷƻƻƺޡһͷ·ٲй£Ƣĺ¿һۣһʴǵĸоеıīڴ˶ŮӦУ֪Ϊ˭˼䡣
ŮһŮӣܾȻһƬžֱֱĶߵ
㿴û뵽Ů˵ʾȻžŮǶ˼Ʈ졣·Ҫɵһ㣡
ʵŷоȡ
˭̫ӿŮӣһֳԡŮ˲֪תҲ֪ǣΨûƮŮˣŮ˾һȪ
ʹǸոλҲֻǸеޣ̾ڶԷԸУִֻҪѹתѣԭʼı֡ǣŮȴͬǣ˵һ㣬̲סӵС
ǰڤ꣬ҲżּɵϹžͲСӣô꣬Ȼ˵Ϊʥӣ츳֪֮У׵ٲſܱġ
̫ӹЦٻ⣬࣡ȻǺ֣
ûкͶԷΪе˼ָ˵Ҫߣ
ǺǣС㿪ڣȻֻһһҪõġ̫ӿǰŮˣеĽ֮ɫŨͬʱӸոճŮ˾Բ򵥡
ʲôʵ
ָ̫˵ⶫ
̫ԭҪޱȴӰŮǰʲôУվûпڡ
㣬ɫЩӣ˵ģȴû뵽ˡ
ˣ֪ûͻ뵽ϴʵûпҲܿˡҪǴ˴ԼΣգ治Լ
ֲޣô𣿡ЦЦ˵㿴ҹ˼ҶãʱŴǣǼˣҪ˳Ӧ
ҧҧ촽ż糺죬Ͼͻָͬİ·˭Ҷµġ
ѾģɾĨ첻ɣֹһ
Ȼͬİ·ҽʲô𣿡㺬Цʵ
Ȼǣ˵
ǾͺãǾͺãؿڣ˵ȻˣǾͰһæ
ʲôʵ
ĪҲ˭ˣ㺰䡮Ұ㡯˵
ϵƽֲȥˡ
㿴ˣ˵˳ԸɾĨˣҵѾ˵ĲˡȤȻʱλ䣬һпܻġҲ˭ںҲΣ͵ĳλѸµĿɰͯˡ

껯˵һξ޳̶ܳѾﵽʦǰۣ̫嵭ˡȻ껯ҲһﻹǴ󵨣ӸոճŮ˵ʵֲҲȥϷ
ޱΪŮˣȴ˼УܸоŮһŮŹ£ǻޱԱһ£̲ס̾һѹ˵ǽˣŮˣʹĽ
ûкͯҲ㡣Լˣϻ
һʤ߼˵־ܾһ˵
û仰˵ֻԼþûģֿʼ˵

ǷҵĻϷҲȻиڣڴ½ӰҲڣ
ҡ
׼˵ʲôһҧ˵ٸҺҾ
һ仰һ֮Ͼ͹ЦֵͬɽȴβĵҪˣԼҪˣǴ治ںǣģŮӦеı֡
𰡣˺ܶŮ˻޵ģΪϵŮˡҾ°ɡϽ˵һҲûŮ˱߳ܡ
߳ܣޣŮ˾ȻأŮӢۣôõ簡
Ȼ飬һԵľ̫ʮֲŮһ֮ӵеġ
Сôã̫ӿ˵
˭Ҳܶѹסз
ǲСԸҿԿСϷŹҲҪ̫Ӵ粽á
þ壬һ˵
˭̰ģҾȻУû˻ԼӸС̫ʼ
ҪǲӦأ˵
ǾֻСˡ̫ӺǺЦ
һ壬ڤ֮Ϊ̫ӣȻǵõ洫ֻǲ֪̫Ӵﵽʲô硣ž̫˵
СҾ嵹˽⣬̫ȻǺǿǣԸСӦùˡ̫˵꣬ڤ֮䣬֮зڤȼգȻûзһ죬˶֪ⲻһǲŸӵĿ¡
̫ӵʵȻֲȴκβҡűڤ֮һץ񱩵УȻ͵ķ֮У
һ𾪵Ŀû뵽Ȼǿֵز
Ǿ̫ӣͬż־ȣСﵽ֮пռҴ۽磬֪Сǹһģ
˵Ҳǹģ
С㵱Һƭɣ̫ЦκһֵͳǹģСʹﵽȾ磬Ҫǹˣǵͳ£Բܴﵽ硣
粻ǵĳƺѡҲͬ˵
ȤȤͷԣ벻СȻϲ̫ӴЦȻˣҾͿС㵽һġ


520 ʥ
㿴һƽ΢΢ŮӦúаնԸ̫ӣ뵽ÿһʱ䣬ŮʵĿֲŮ˲һͳô򵥡ϾɳľʣӦͳĳġ
Ȼ̫ҲСӣΪϹʥӣʵҲܴĦġ
ϣҽɻֻܴﵽ𣿡źϣĵҪֲסԼҲܰһѡ
ӡȻ죬Ҳܱ֤̫ܲܵסʱٴѾ鷳ˡϻش
ЦһԭΪԼǿǿ˲٣ܽǿǣȴϸǿں˵ӡܳסšڵʵϵﵽ𣬼һѹûС
ϲ裬Ҳû취űĹ˼ɣ
㵹ǲԼϵʵܴﵽ޼𣬱Ͼֲ̫ǣӦûǿԵģ

ɹ֮⣬Ѿ֪˶ǿߣȥһ⣬ĽݺҶ˳ԽܼǿǰֻȾ죬죬ԵЩˡ
ǣ֮ƵΪ֮
ߣ
һ֮Ӱѳ档׷߰ߵ˼ɵ֮֮мȥ
˶֣ǿҲʾһӰɵ֮мȥ
䡭
ӿɵ֮ŵͬʱռ¡¡ı֮һľ죬һֲľɵ֮бڱͬʱЩǿߵʬʵķ飬˳
ֲƲʣطƱãΪ֮Ȼ
ڶǿ߲ɵ֮УǰĻ𺣣ȼյĶʮ־ȼ֮䣬ռΪ֮͵죬ԷտռĻ棬ȴûÿռһ˿仯
˶ףɵ֮еĿռ䲻Ǽ򵥵Ŀռ䣬ȻΪЩ仯
ǿЩȫסмȥеĻϣоյĵ׺ȻĿֲ棬ĴڣҲֲһӡ
ҺõǣڸҽеߣʵһԾλΪףԽ棬Զȥ
䡭
˿ԽʱյĻͻȻĻãһԲΣ˶
ã̺Ż󣡡д󺧣ڣеŻӭȥ

죬صĻɢͬʱҲѪ׷ɳȥڻ֮УյʬǶûдġ
Һƿ󣡡ĽݼΪ׵һλǿߺһ漴žǿߺǰ˸һΣ
ǿ߿˶Է漴˵ͷȻһʵȴСӣҲֻѡ˵ʵټϣơ
ϯ˲˾С̫һ㣬ֲֿĹâһƵģŻܺ˹ȥռһ˺ڰ
ߣҲֱֱĺ˹ȥֲ䣬صĻ֮ϡ
֮ϣûзһ죬ֻ˶оҪƵģѹֵĸо߱ѹĹͷ顣
ȻһĺڰһĺڰԭȼյĻ棬ȻˣеһδлһЩɫΣѿ껪ͨȲС
ɨȻ֮еĶΪͨùֵǷЩǿ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
Ÿոսɹѣ
ǿߵ˵һ䣬ǰ漤ȥһǰ漤䡣һ·֮ϣЩΣղ֪ÿһζոǵҺõǣĸǿţǿоյĽԼ롣
ǣ˺ܾãȴû߶ԶüѣôãֻɵΧΧΣգҪģǺε֮ѣ
񽣣
ƣʱһǿ͵ľһ̧ͷȥֻǰһ׵ƣɢϢռ֮׵磬ҫ
׷ǿߴϲû뵽׽ȻԼ׳ɹġ
һ˷ž񽣼
䡭
׷ž񽣵ͬʱʥȻһצצһ֣ſ͵һӿڳ׵磬Щ׵ÿһл֮ܣѿռķ顣
ͬʱмûӿ׵ϡЩ˲仯ҳ
˿һĻȻѣбķ֮У޼ʥצδֲ̫˰ɡ
ʥ飬Щ׷һ׵粻ϵı׵籬ͬʱط׭ͬ׵ķʽѹ
ʥƷ˴󺧣ɴ۾Ŀʥû뵽ʥȻʩչʥƷ
ѹķ׭ʹҲҴâ첽׭ѹҵһܼǿϣܼǿߣ˲䱻ӡ类Ƶģϻž֮ɫ
ܼ߱ѹӡڴܼĽ£Ȼһڶڶɣʧһɶ
˿һĻɫȻʥĿֲԶԶǵϡڿֲ֮ϴϲʥȻ˿ֲǶȻЧ˵ٴͻƣͻƴޡ
һ֣ѹ
Ȼ֣ȴĸܼҪֲĴڣ֮֮ܶΪ̫ϳϡƽܱƺΪɣǵǲѹʥ
˵ͷָ㶯һѪҺ֮бѪҺȼգǵٴα
һĻ˾⼸ȻȼԼľѪѹʥѵ֪ȼվѪֻĸ𣿲˱ǿѹʥʥÿ֮䣬˵ͳһѷ죬ҧ֡

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ָ㶯㶯֮䣬λͻȻһߣһ֣͵ı̶ʱ䣬ͱǵʮףһɽ塣
Ŀռߣ㿴д㵣˵ҲдܼʱʵܿȻųˡ
̫ӿߣɫһ䣬дŲ֮ɫܣôܿ
ͣǿž̫˵ҲΪУ̫ӺαһҪǿѡ
̫ӿߣ֪ԼζĶ֣һ˵㵱ΪƵ𣿾̫ϳϾɹ֮⡣ǿǿΣ


521 ɽ
ܴɹų˵ɡ˵
һ仰þ̫ɫ䣬ȴûа취е̫ϳȻж֮ʵܴܲɹδ֪ͨɹƵģ
ҲգСķϣվˡ̫ͻȻЦ˵֪Сɷңһң̫һš
ͳûΣµˡ
ĵͳ̫üͷҲǾһʱ´ɣֻһɻ𣿡
಻ڣش
ҲԣСڣһҲ֮գǺǣСҪԸ⣬̫ԸСɡ̫Ц
ĵ״ոջһɱģھͿʼ׷ˡѾģ껯˻˵Լ޳ܣ޳ܰ
ͻȻ
תͷ㣬ȴһ仰
ҪںһҵĸܡСȻʱ಻ԺҾԱá˵
㣬漴˵кιϵ߲к֪𣿡
˵꣬һޱ
һۣһ˿ϲһ˿ϲȴϲŮˣԭҲԴס

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вûʥǺʥȣȴĲһ㣬ʥֲ̫
ǻıҲǴͨصʥ
и̾Ҫʥѹס
໡
ҪʥѹʱһأɹŽ˶˾ɹʲôʱǰҪѹʥٴλצ͵ĺ𶯡֮䣬񱩵԰غ׵籬ĺ˵ķ˵Ƭѿʥڷɶ𣬴ܳɹ
˶ʱھŽ֮ϣһצצ׹ƣʮġ
ԭһ㣬צҲ̲סڵͼڣצ
ھŽ𺳲ѣǵצһ׵Ƶ߲ʱʱһ־ڣʥ񽣣
˵ľһ̰Ŀ⿴գ̲ס֣ڿնץ˹ȥ
䡭
ӱ֮У׵һı俪׵籬£һҽеء
ҲΪŭʥٴλצʼھŽ֮䣬׵籬£Щ׵£ڷǣʥջ󣬻ø׷ȥ
ʥĴȻͷ׵磬̫Ӻ¡
ֻǾ̫ӻʱǳȣĶûһܵס
ʥŰѾ֪׵ˡ㶢ͷѲ߰ʥҲ𺳲ѡĻʥ֮
ĹŶȻҲӦʥǱ񽣵ƣȴ˲ֹʮǧ
񽣣һ̣һ㣬Եֲ
ʥһηɹͷ̲סָ֣źһ㡣໽һž񽣼ȥ
һͷܼ߱ϯʥȥҪʥոǣոյʥײľ룬ʥͱһ⣬һֱûгʵʥֻʷ룬׵磬նͷܼޣȻıնɵΡ
ʥٴκһֻʱҲһѪҺӡģնɱޣͬܵ
һ׵Ҳʥ֮б˹ȥ״ӰһǰȫӿԼȡ
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һԺİ˵׵ϣ㱻ĿѪҺ׷ת׵ྡྷɽȥ
ʥ׵ֲе׶Լ
ЩʱȻ㵵һĻԭ׵磬Լ֮󣬾Ȼʼӱܡ
ԣӱܣ
ԼǴϸϸĲ̽һ֮ȴԽԽʵ
ɻһҧڿնžץ˹ȥץȥʱԭȵ׵Ȼʼѹʥ֮СԼף·ޣͲ
һץȻͰѾץС
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׼ʥΧʱ͸оɿֲư׵£㶯Ҷɹƣ׾ٵĴݻԼ
亹ð˳ˮ׽ʪûƿڴԼƿЩ׵ĹôʥԼУ
ģԼôôùȴʥףֻҪһףʥͬʱ϶˳ֽ
ľ֮Уǿ߰ƬΧУŵɹǿߣλǿҲУֻǶţһɹѪҺӿɫҰ׵Ȼɹ֮ܵش
ǣˣҲû˻ǵʵɱǲǶָѡ
ǣʱ˵ĿⲢûмϣȵע㡣
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ɣʥҾҪˣҪǸңҸһĸ󡣡˵
дҪĸֻҪܻ뿪ͺá
ɣⶫӦĽݼҡ
Ҳʺϣ
ÿ˶Ҫʥ㶼޳ʥֻһѣô
ǸλǰʥҲżȻСҪҰʥٴηŻȥôСѵ
㲻ϷϷɱ㡣ǿЦе˵
ɫһƿڴ
ɱ㣿ѵͲҲɱ𣿡ǿߺһ
ɣʥңҶȻסĽݼҵǿ߿ڱ֤
ƿڴޣõԼ±ȫˣ뱣ȫң
ǸλǰɱɱĶ಻ãҪԺΪ𡣡˵ǸҪҸǰһ飿
˵˵˶һۣ漴˵
Ȱѱŵɹſڣλ˸ƾٶȣ˭㵽Ȼʥ˭ˡ˵
ɣʥͨ飬ҪǷһһǿҡҡͷ
ģҲУҲУ㵽Ҫô죿
ɣѶңұĽݼǿٴ˵ңѡ𣿡
Ҿɱ㡣
ɱ⣬亹ֱð˳ױˮǡ
ҸʮϢʱ䣬Ҿ壬ھǿߺһʮšˡ


522 ʥŮ
ȵȣھǿ׼ֵʱͻȻߣһǿߺǰѾӦɶˣֺαΪ
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㿴Ϊֵижͬʱ̲סȵȥȲң
ȹң˵һġ
㲻Ǻͬİ·𣿻Ҹʲôȵߣ
ʱŮ̫ɵʱ˶ͲԶߣȴСȻмʵǱЩϹ˵ȴ̫Զˡ
ûд㣬ŰΧļ˵λǰͳˣܷʦķϣ뿪
ˣоȣۿٿеʥһ˵˵ķϣŮ߰ɡ
ȻЩ˲ԸŹ㡣Ҫ̬ʥ͵С
ǰ
˵ʲôȴϣҪ˵ˣЩ˲ǵ϶ѣϾˣλ⣡ߣ
Ȼ֪˵ĻеϾû̳˶ʵЩ
ߣҪģҪ汻ɱˣΪұͺá
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㱻Ƶȫ亹ʱԶż֮⼸ǿߵĳȻı
ȼųȻ񻺻ǿߵߡ
ͲҪΪһĴӳ֮дһ֪⳵֮лһˡ
ӰǿҲɫ˱䣬ų쿴ȥžȣû뵽һλСȻˣʲô˼
ǿ仰üͷ΢΢壬кɻСôῪΪ飬Ȼɻ󣬿߻ǸϽ˵СģֻҪʥңȻΪ
ʥͲɡᶯ㡣
Ȼûн֣˭֪תǺ˵оЩϤȴ벻
ȻҲоĵ⣬ԼܸͲʥ𣿺ȻһĻǿϾͻ˺Ƭһ岻Ϊʲôã
һǿȻЩͷˣʮϢʱ͹ˣϷȥ
˵꣬ǿָ㶯һֱȥȻֻһ㣬ȴ׾ٵ˺㡣
αضŭܵ˼иѡ񣡡˺ǺЦЦһ¡
ȻСΪ˵飡ʥϷϷס㣡Σ˶˵
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ʥ֣εסǿߵ˵
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ڼʱ򣬳֮Уִһ˵ˣλǰһΣ
ƺЩ˶֪֮Ů˵ݣһȻĬǿ߸˵ʥŮͷϷҲȻʥŮڣǾ˵˵
ʥҶҪȻˣǴҾ͸ƾ¡ڸλǰһλǰֺα⡣ʥſ뿪ǡ
һ仰˾ùŹ֮еŮˣھ꼫ΪġǲģʥŮһꣿ
˶һ˵ҲգȻʥŮڣôϣСʶȤƫ˭ʥͷĵλãҪҷһƫ˭Ҿɱ
ǣҲ˵
Ϊͷѱ겻ƫġǿߣֻҪƫ˭һ㣬˭пܵõʥòСġ
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дҪм䣬һƫĶУε֮ѣοƫĲƫģ˵㣬ʱûеõʥҷй˳ֽô죿
Ȼŭȴ˵ոλǰ˼
ţٴһ䣬Ϸ˸оƫģҪȻϷ򲻽㡣ǿв⻰˼ȴһ仰ҪԼƫһ
쵰ЩȫǶԳ֮еŮΥ
һǸλǰٵȵȣ룬ƫһλ
ȻȻΥϻǹȥġȻǳ֮ŮӵݣЩη
̫ӿų죬΢΢üͷֱһӡһ֮䣬ɹ֮ŵĳҲƮڳ֮Сǿ߿һĻ΢΢ЦЦ̫Ҳǰֵ̫һʥŮȴ٣ʹҲã
ҵƽĵûУǿ߿˵
ǰٵȵȣȴ£ҳһ˿㹪˵
ӵЦݣŭڣȴת㲻ǵĳŵֻһŴˣûˣڵʸûУȻУֻܿԼˡ
ϵãҲԲ⼸ϹĶ֡ϾҪǰʵ⼸ϹĵزͱըˡοҲԾ˵ġ
ڵת£Ĵ̼ĳһһȥ
Ȼһ˿Щ˶ĵȴ㣬ǲΪܷˡ
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ʱСѾȷǴ½Ժǿ֮һպȻ
̫ȻԺҲվ壬Ǿ̫ܺȣϹʱھͱȲοΪʥŮߵĶǸǴˡ̫ӾȻϳͶԷƴɾúЦ
ٸʮϢ֮䣡ǿ߼㻹ûзʥ˵
ʱѾˣתһִδеٶȣһֱֱĺһ
䡭
Ժ͵һ죬оԴҪըһ㡣ͬʱҲ͵Ĳҽһҽ֮쳹ա

һɫŹֵĿ㣬ѵһﱻƷ˲ɣȻеôңʹǼǿߣҲɻüͷЩͷ׼֡
ʥŮ£ǲᣬ̫̰ˣһֱץŲţֻԼˡ˵꣬Ľǿ͵ĳ֣ݺݵץ˹ȥһץҪʵ㶨Ȼͷѡ


523 Ļ
˵ٶȺεȿֲ˲͵ǰǣ˵ƿҪץʱȴɫ䣬͵֣ź浹ɳȥ
ǾǷӦ죬ǻǱһɰϣ˱ĵɳȥĵ˺֮ȶӰֻѪӿ
һĻ˶ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ֻʱͷһֵ黨ɢ΢Ϲ⣬ʮ졣Ȼⲻ˾ȵģкȻܰλǿѪҺ
ֱֱĶʱͷŵգʼŤһڶлĳ֣
ռ֮ţ
ǿߴ󺧣ɴ۾ĿһĻǺȻ֮ɫ˵ľ֮Уӿռ֮֮У߳һӰӰȫƣ֣ؼž쳣
˿ȥֻܼܿһģӰ֮
˭˿ƾճֿӰʵȴһ˿ΪȫƵĽϣоһĪѹѹбչصڶ١
Ӱûǣתͷ㡣
ŵһıܰ㣬ʮֺţһرǿ֮ģߣȻʲô𣬿ǿʼһĻ֮С
ĶȾָģƮã˵Ķͬ泩
ҲҪԼУ㿴ǰӰ˵Щ˰ΧʼϵĴ̼ӡ
ӡŹɹ죬صĸоͬǰεһţֻҪ㹻Ĵ̼ܾǰˡ
ӡ֮еˣͬʱҲӰһͺñȣͻȻӿһɲԼ˵ģӡ
ӡ˵ǿͼʶŮܵסЩˡȻ¶ˡԷһ֣ͰϹѪ
ͲҲ㣡ӡ˵˵Ҳˡ
ƮЦȻţΪţг־ҵɣ
ԷȻ˵ţȴʥżľηҪȻϴξͲԼȻ㲻֪ӡʲôһŷǷ塣ûбֳ֮ǰԷԼ
Ů˳ĬһƮż֪֪ʥ˵ģÿһζӡӡͻһ֣ԺǼ£޷߹ȥ
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㲻ϻԺ˭֪˵ԼأⲻҲҪǣȶһΡ
ʥݸŮ˵˵ⶫһҪ͸ɡ
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һ֮£˾ηϹȻıɳȥݺݵڵϣҳһӡ
һĻ˾ֵĿеӰֲ̫ˣӵеķɵϼһųԽߵʵ
оðĹ
Ľݼԭ׼ֵˣʱҲϽֹס˽Ųⲻ֪һλǿߣһķϼһҪεʵ
ֻһִֻ֮˫覣˿̲ס̾
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ӡĵոհʥͻȻΪ˵סһɡ֮䣬ʥֶһצٴڿն
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ĸǿ׷ȥӡ˲ûбֵ̫顣ɻʵ㲻ȥ𣿡
ҲҪҲʺңӡ˵˵Ǳ˵ĵӵˣǾԶѲˣ
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ףǰŮ˺εȿֲ̲סбʥһпһƭӡһϣ˰ڵŮˣôܻԼӡ
ʥǺ˵İɣ뵽⣬̲סһҪʥĶȤζ̫ǿˡȻŪһǿߡ
ʲôƮ㾪ѹ
ûûʲôֻǾã˻棬һ컯ӡҵͷϡ
ˣûеԣҾȵΪʲôץʥƽӡŮ˵˵
ΪƷɣſںȻ˵׵Եʡ˵֮ͺˣⲻԷûƷԷ˿ûз˼һ
˳Ĭ̧ͷգʱѹʥ
ҲϣʥСʹ㲻ҪҲԶˣҾˡ顣
ӡתͷһָۣ㶯ڵ㶯֮䣬ĸˡ
ѹʥ㣬ɫ䣬ȫӿŹӭȥǣǿͬӴ㣬ȴֽͬһݿĺ顣ıգڵϣҳһ޿ӡ
һУӡһûһ޴ƣʥץ˹ȥ
ʥҲ֪˲ǣȻŵ汬£֮Уҳһ޴Ĵӡ޿ס
໡
һ޴֮͵ĴӴ֮дŶʱھŽۣ֮ո˵ɵʱȻεض
ɹ˵ɴ۾ĿһĻ
ɹֱֱ޿ӳɵѹԭҪ޿֮жȡʥӡŮˣʱҲϽܿԸ潻档
ɹ䵽޿֮Уû޿ʧԭľ޿ӣȻ䶯˲ͻָƽ޾޿ӡɹû벻һǣŽԭյأҲʧɵľշ塣
˴ĿһĻлЩӦ
ֶΣԵΪɹҪƿɹҪƿĵǴͨߣŵԺҪҵɹˡӡŮ˻˵
΢΢һ㶣ɹŵ˵ԺҲҲɹҲǰʥˣ
ӡŮ˵ͷһҲҪҵȴ졣Ҽʵѹܰ
һ仰˲ģǿߣⲻ˵Ц룬ͲмʥˣǱĺһǿߣ飿
뵽⣬ɾһϧɹոô˵ȻĻˡ
ֻ㣬ʱɫŹ֣


524 뿪
㿴ŶԷβ֣˵Ҫҳǹѡǣȴо⹬¡һֺ޵ĸоָоȴʮʵܸоʥϤ׵Ϣ
ôܸоĵŮ˵ѣԼһ͵͵ȡɣ룬־òܣ˰ôܻ顣οԷȷʵʥҪȻҲˡ
ǣָоȴȷʵܸоɹڡ
ѵΪףɻ뵹Ǿпܡʱʥʱʥϵ׵硣Ȼûɶ٣ȴҲмʥ׵ϢϢ໥ǣҲʲôֵˡ
㲻뵽ʱʥ׵ʱĿֲһξءʥƷױ׵磬Ϊ塣
Īĸ֪ûЦȻûеõɹ֮еκһȴ̽ڵλáֻҪԼʵʱȫһ
ңΪɹҲԵʣⲻǶԼ
ôһ룬ոյʧһɶתһ泩֮УԼջ
ȻʱҲȥɹû𡣿ǣһԼȥġʱеĶԼ
뵽⣬ոյѹɨ֮һա
һ̣黨Ů˶˵
˵ͷߵǰ棬ų컺һȻ֪С˭ǶлСոΪ˵
㲻֪˭֮ת𣬴żִ㵣Ͼͻָ
ǸֻǾСһϤ벻㵹ûΣѵʶ
֮еŮ˳ĬһԼںʶʱڲ̫Ҳ˲١ԷһϤѾˡ
ʶ֮еŮ˵˵ˣ뿪ɡ
֮еŮ˵˵ͷҲû˵ʲôȻòô򵥡ԷȻԸ˵ԼҲûбȵĵ
תͷӡŮ˰껯һߣûоܾϯһȺ˰˺ѿռ䣬ûռʧ
µе𺳻ûȫˡ˿ԵˣŻ£Ŀռ䣬ҲżֺȻʵֱǷ˼ѵﵽľ磿
뵽ֿܣ˾ú󱳶亹Ҫﵽ־磬Լ⼸˵ǼġǣһǿߣôһСӣ
벻ףͱ̫Σգǵڶû֡
֪һǿߣӰУûôһǿ̾һ
Ҳ̾һһξһˡǸŮ˵Ļ˿ɡԺҪɹĿܣãˡ
Ͳ߰ɣ֮Уתٴ
ǣ˵߿˼䣬˵֮С
Ͳû°ɣŮĵʵȡһɢŨҩζĵҩݸԷ
ˣֻԺĵˣǺǣ벻֣Ҫ֣ˡԷҲԸԩ̾һ
Ͳúˣòˡ屦ﲻ١ʱȥڣڰ㡣Ů˵
лСˣûˣͣͻƣҪȻֻܵȴԭŻĴ֮ͨͻƣȡ̰һͻȻŮʵС㣬ʶǸɣ
Ůͷ˵ͲҪСûദ֪档
ô˵ɻʵ
Ĺ˫һ壬书Ǳ߱䶼ңһִĵУǴ֮ϵ׭ˣʶǴĵ׭
һ仰㶣漴ЦС˵Ц˰ɡ
ͲžˣŮЦЦҲûм˵ʲô
Ͳü룬ЩصģǿͺˡͲ͵͵ĿһŮŮԼŹֻôһɣҲ׼ʡ
Ͳ֪Ů˼ƮԶĵطˣʶ

һȺ˴ӿռѷгһɽУ㲻֪һɽȴ𺳲ѡڿռ֮дǺεʵ
Ǿ͵ɣǧ֮ԶӦǰȫġӡŮ˵
һ仰껯զ಻ѣżϢ֮䣬ʹﵽǧ֮⣿
ԺӡٶãٶãҲ㡣ӡŮֱֱĶ˵ҲϣʱΪӡöʧܡ
˵˵ŹܲȻˣûʱû
֪ͺãһ֮գֻʵҵסˡȻ֪Ϊʲôҵӡ䵽УҲϣкҲսʸ񡣡
һŬģ˼ұϾȹԼ˵ʹĸ˼ҡ
ӡŮӵͷӵĿһۣ˺ռʧ˵С
껯ԷˣŴִȻԷѹ㣬ôʶ
ʶƨҵΪֹûĿһ˵
ʶǮɽָޣҪǲʶԷ㣿
ʼҲͣܲ˵˵İŰɡ̫װˡ
ˣһۣ˵
ȵȣϽǰһ̣
ûоܾǰš㿪˵ոնлΪҳ档
ûо㣡
ͷÿ续Ĳʮ˺뵽йμ֮ס̲סЩȣҲ֪ڶμ֮ף˵ľˡ
ûʲôɣʱ߱նϵʱɫ԰ףº֢
ô˵𵱳׵ʱ㵲ǰס׵硣Ȼ뵽ҪǵʱԼûг֣϶Ϊ˵׵֣ҲᷢһĻˡ˵˵ȥԼŲСԭġ
ǿ׳壬ů⣬ոڳҲˡ
ûʲô£һͺã
˾ͺã˵˵ϴںУܱǸ
һ仰ɫʱ糺ڶμ֮ףһֱΪԼĴû뵽Լϡ
ֱֱĶ㣬֮Ż˵㻹С
˵仰ҲشӰһʧС
ˣ̾һ˿ԼС첲СȣȻһЩǱЩ㣬Ǻܲƥġ
˿ֱֱվĿ뿪һлǺܾ̾ŮԵġһΣǳеŮǸոǸΪͷġһǺȻˡ
һʲôѵҲǹĴ
ֻޱŻ㱵ĿǰꡣʱףԷܽӴˣʲô֮£֮ѷɫˣȻԼǹ


525 ս
Ҳ֪ӡŮ˰׵һͷԡҺõǣ껯Ϊ۹󽫾ڸλȽϤҵ˷λһȺ˺ƺƵǰ۹ʳǡ
껯Ǯɽƣҽν˺ƺƵžǶȥʱȫɢһ۽ջޱȴҧűݣдżԹ޵Ķһ
ôˣɻĿ˹ȥȴǾȣû뵽
֣ô껯Ҳû뵽ٴ񣬲㡣ʱ߿ûоӡ
߰ɣޱһŬûﱣƽ˻֮еĲ
껯Ǯɽޱڣ˶һۣкǲԸŹˣȴҲ˼۹ֻܰĿ⿴㣬ȴľġ
ԹԹг𱨳𣡡
һûôõƢ˽̫ӵҪ𲻱
㣡㡭
ޱĻδ˵꣬ͱϵ֪·Ųֲ۹ˣԹµá
ûзŲޱЩżĽ͵ֻǲ뿴ǰ֡
ЦⲻãǰˣȻͲڹǰˡ
˵꣬㲻ޱ˵Ӱջһۼǰ漲۶ȥ
껯Ǯɽٶȣ̲סһۣһٶȣʲôƮң֮գʧ
ǰȥҷ鷳ҲϲͿżһﲻˬˣ뻹аµĻ˵Ͳ
㣡ŵǰˣһû뵽Ȼһ
繫ӣЦھ̫û߰ɡ
ߵļٿһԶ껯ˣرĿע⵽ޱϣżֲʣʹ̫ӲڣΣ
껯ǮɽָܻĶ٣ʱмʵľ㣬ѵһﻹԼֲɣ
Ҫѣ㶢ŷ˵
ЦЦ仰Ҳ˵ġ
˵֮󣬿ޱ˵ı죬ͽСǰʰˣԭЩڰ͸̫ӵģһھζûˡҲգҽٰס͸̫ӡ
ޱɫҰףŷŭ
Ҳ͵˺áһ
ޱҧгݣƫƫûа취رԷ˵͵ˣ
ļƷޣǴ۽磡ֹһ˻Ҳһǳĺá
Ҳ˵һȭɨ˹ȥһȭɨգһԲλȣ𶯲񷣬ϯȥ
ϧûбЩǿɱ̾һϧѡر뵽ǰЩǲŮˣǼ쳣
ûҪƽ⣡Цٴһǡ
ƾ㣿ܣֱ̽ܺһ
˵£һ𣬸˺ȥ
ֵĽ󣡵һμֵʱʵҲ࣬ʱȴѾܺͷսƽˣϣҪǿһ껯̾㣬µһѡȻ㣬Ҳû̫ءʱȴѾŶõʱ䣡
Ǯɽ˵ͷܺͷսƽ֣Ȼ껯ǿһߡʱ㣬ҲֻǱһߡ
˵ֺͰԼһսǿǿǱ»١껯ͻȻ˵ϵҪǮҲǿϲٰɡ
Ǯɽ˵ͷȻҲԸϣӦҪǿ١
ȣҲ֪ôһսϵĵͳųϹĵͳ֮һûбֳΪܵĵͳʱһ㡣껯˵
дɣǮɽ˵Ŀٴο֮Сһȭһȭϵĺ˲ϵıĺˣǰ
˽֣ûһ˿ĻΣȫĶ֮䣬ֵٶԽԽݣ÷üûкֱӶȥӰһܿ㶯˷һ̣ɢҫۺ⡣
ЩֱۣжԼʵһŵ˽⡣Ǽļ̣ڵ֮ϣĻ棬һȼأ۳һĶȥ

һײľŰռ䡣ޱͷҲЩ𣬷˿ƮžԼΪ֮ĵزһϡ
껯˿һĻ̲סĭżֳȡǼޱĿ⿴ϽתĿ⣬пЦޱһ
Ķ𣿡ޱЩĵ껯
Ǯɽ껯ʱĸоŮ˲Ŀ˰ɣ찡ôǻ쵰ߵŮô࣬һһ㣬Լҹôȥ
ǣޱ¶ĵģ˸оĶˡ
ôˣʤ𣿡ޱ˵
£İɣֵʵɱ˷񣬷Ҳκβο˻Աأ껯˵
ǵˣޱʵ
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ȥޱ˵
껯ǮɽһۣǸоİġ
ִʱԸǰ껯ֻĵĽ͡
ޱüͷɫҲЩ죬ոԼ̫ˣҲ֪˻ʲô
ʱͷĴ򶷽һֲϯء
Ҳʹʲôʽܱǰ굲ףʵѾˡһҧֶ
ڷвϱһɫͼ֮е΢ӿڣһӿ룬нĸһѳǹǹϹ⣬ǣء
ƷøߣǮɽͷһֵʱȻоһɾµζ
־ȻһĶˡҪ˵ֲûСǮɽЦ
̸Ц䣬ԭŵޱҲһֱֱĶգȴ˵Ľ
۵ĳǹȻãһ˵ΪܵסҲɣ
ԭΪԷҲᶯȴ벻Էֻ۳һɫĳǹȻⳤǹȷʵżļ¡ŶԷܵס
һССѣס׾١Цڵ΢ϵĹ䵽ǹ֮С
ѹȥ
ѹЦһеĳǹֱֱȻûжȫǽųǹ뵲ס


526 
䡭
ǹĶһȫԳƵȴĳΪ֮𶯣һɴ۾Ŀǰżֲ֮ɫ
Ȼǹĥʧǣĥ˳ǹͬʱҲɳȥ޸ոյİԵ
񲻸ŵĿŵɳ޷ԷֻԼͨʵôƾԼѵոƭԼģ
㲻˼Ļᣬңʹ£һȭݺݵĺǱĵ˹ȥĵɳȥֱ۲
ż㣬Ŀתޱһҧ͵ޱץ˹ȥ
쵰ޱ֣Ǯɽ껯ŭһվǰһŷӭȥ
˵˾Ȼǳ֣ŭ֮£䵽ʮɣ˺˹ȥ

˺סһУϾǵʵδȫָǣͬĵ
ܣǵôõô죿ŭ
㲻֪黹أԷȻ͵ϮޱЦһֱ
ϽܿڵٴӿӰûзޱ
֪ЦһǮɽ껯ڹߣסޱֱΡ
ǣ벻ǣȻȡŷ׭׭ȼգڤֱ֮Ǯɽ껯ȥȵ껯Ǯɽɫ䣬θ潻棬Ӱһ㿪
ǣ˶㿪ʱޱ޷ֻĿŷץ
ŽǰޱǴЦ˶ôֻҪץסһʤˣڣǻס
ڷ񼥷˵ʱǰһ׵磬׵ֲֹסĽŲ
ķ׭ѵȵùҵɣ
ӵӰ𣬱׵絲סķֻĿһ§ޱ䵽һոıѾõĹȻʧˡ
̫Ӷ㲻ķ׭㡣һ£Ƿ׭ӦŰķ׭ġ
ߣޱ˰ȫĵطһĿɨԶʱں㽻ˡ
һ֣ˣ껯Ǯɽ˵
˿ޱһۣޱûпڣ˼ΧġǮɽȻûģֱӰ껯״Ҳ
Ҳٺˣ̺ſֱֱֲĺȥ
εȿֲǷ񵲵סģһ£ϱɳȥݺݵϣҵĵɳȥǹɹѪҺ
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㣡Ҫޱ
ǣȴû֣һֿڷϣֻһҽУһֻ־
նֺֻ󣬲ſޱ˵ôޱҪҷŹ
ޱſڣվû˵ޱ֪ǰжˣԼҲˡǣϾǰԼŶԷˣ̲סһ
ǴʱʣһشҪԼ˵ǣǶԷ᲻ʲô֪ʱʼޱϣˡ
ޱŤͷ۾ٿһۡ
껯Ǯɽһۣ漴㣬ޱ˼ˣһˡ
ǲɱңʱżˣүүʥʦɱңŹǵġ
Ǻǣ㻹ʵ۱»᲻Źʥʦɡֶαʵ۱֪֮ﰡЦ
һ䣬÷Ѫɫת󺰵£ңң֪ˣ
ŶԷͬһģһżӣڵӿһŶԷݺݵն˹ȥ˿û顣
ɴ۾ֻĿնֱоһ޸оԲཱུԴҲǮɽĽ¡
Ǯɽ˼򵥾նɱһͳˣдż־壬벻Ǹ¥Ķ
ɱ˶ᱦϲ飬ȻŹԷеĶȫѹθɾҲûȥĿתƵϡ
֣ܸܲңǮɽ˵
껯Ǯɽôʣɷ˷ۡһųһëΣҪʵ漣ˡ
ɴ۾ǣȻ˿Ϊİⶫ׸Ǯɽ
껯оԼǲǿˣȻô󷽣̫ѵҪ߳ˣ
Ǯɽ˽⣬ϾҪҲΪ˰󣬶ԷٿţԼܲŰɡ
㿴һڵĿķ񣺡ҰԸɾɡ
Ļ껯ǮɽȻϣֻޱһףɬϷˣƺ޺Цݵôһˡ
ۺκһˡ

߰ɣ
ޱ̾һŷʬ껯˵˰ɣ
껯仰˵ͷֱһӣһӣ˽ȥޱ֣ҪܿҰԣ⹫δ̫Ѫˡ

һ˻˲ʱŻصǣ̽õĶŲٺöϲѣԺ׭Ĳˡ
׻ʳǣޱ㣬ûеͣʲôʱ뿪ʳǣ
˵Ӧþͽɣ
ޱ˵ͷʹ֮Уǿ߿Ŀռͨʱ󸸻һΡ
ⶫ۾һҪⶫĻԼͲҪ·ˡ
ǶлˣЦŸл
лңޱ̾һɫЩӣת뿪֪һߣ֪ʱټ档
ǣһ·ޱͣתͷ˵ھǲҪߣɱ˷񣬷ʥʦ»Թ㡣
ѵھʦ㾪ȵ˵
ʥʦûô򵥣ʶΡο飬û˿Ĺϵޱ˵
һ䡣ȴ˼֣ʥʦȷʵǣڶ֪ʥʦǺεʵ
ҲģϾ飬ԹޣҲҵ֡СһЩǡޱ˵
лˣ˵
ޱͻȻ˵
ţɻ

ΣֻǰվޱĶ档
վʱ껯Ǯɽɴ۾ĿǰһĻֻޱͷ۽۵촽촽֮ϡ
ֻо촽һŵһ㡣֮ŷӦôˡ
ˣұǿˣûˣи̾
һǲûжãޱɫ糺죬̵û飬
գҲˣ㱣أ
ޱŲ˵漴ʹ
㿴ޱıӰ΢΢ЦЦҲû˵ʲô
ϹˣϹˣ껯ɴ۾Ŀ㣬޲ó㡣
ǮɽҲ˵ڵأûһĻģô˷ɶ˻
쵰
ǣףʱƽˮĿޱ뿪


527 뾩
ǵգĵ۾ˮˣЦЦ׳С
ûУһ㶼ûУ㲻֪һϴݣС㣬ҲܹҰ֪ͻȻ͵Ϯң˵ĵȴ껯Ǯɽǧ飬쵰˺۲ȻһͰһжգþ˿ַ룬ҪǹޱǶ˵ʲô֮¡
ĵˣѾģҲûʲôСǰг˵Сʲô
㣡ʲôʵտЦ˵
С㲻ôͻȻתƻ⣬ĵȴһ
С˵ޱʵֻյ֮ѡһСȻһ֮˸͵ϮôأЦ⡣
оͷźˮðȴҲֻſڳǸ߻̫Զ˰ɣ۹ȣûж㿪
𣿡ָӣֺܻᣬϣܡǣʱ˵ܡ
ǵģһģҧ˵
סһڣһðɣ㣡ҪˣҾǡαñռˡ
촽ǹоͷ˼ֻ֡յĻȴŮˣʲôʱҲһջ˵ħŮˡ
ǸҪо鶯ƬʱܲҲ㣿ʵ
ȥҸװҸͬ⣬ҾûʲôտЦ
һ仰ʱĵ׵ĻȽȥ㸸ףⲻ
Ժ׼йϸ𣡡ȭͷ
ȻҺųרһСɾ϶йϸģܼᶨ˵
ţ֣ȻĲƽЩţǣվȻĲƽϡ
ѾģѵƷ󱬷ˣҲԼ绨ѩˡ˵ԺҸָտɴˣкȻһЦ
֪̬ȫΪ껯̫ˣ˵ޱôôˣֲɵӣôš껯ôһţշˡ׷Ź㣡
㣡Ҫشǵ۹ǰ֣ͻȻתͷʵžϴŵģ۾һգһգģʮġ
ͰϵԼսѾʱˣܵûȥοϴʱڷܲɹ˵
ǣҵݣȥ۶ĻǡյģϾ㵱Ϊֵ̫䶯ˣҪ뾩ǣ뻢ѨΣա
ûϵǻȥǷǲҶˡЦ
˵Щðգ
ðһģǣİɡµģ˵
ʱҴĵٻȥǻʵ۷ǲöԼˡţԴ׳λۻʺǹ˼ɡҪǣھŽ飬Ҳλʵ۱£һͻӹ˼㡣ǴʱӦûڲ²Լʲôݡ
Դ˴λȥǱȫûڳʲôݣʵ۲ھǳ¡ȻҲûһ˿յġҪǶԷʲôˣȽԼ˵Ҳǲܡ
ǣ
ɱ˴ǵ۹ʮʱܻȥǾ˻ǡ˵ٲſ㵱ˡ
һЩСѣںЦ
ǾͻȥɣչһЦĺ

ڻʳ֮εޱ˵ʥʦûΪܵǣʥʦıλһȹ̡ܶԷ֪ԼѾɱ˷񣬿ȴûб¶һ˼ʱһĹȥҲ鷳
յŻҵϢڵһڣЩͷʱ򣬻ʹ֮вŴϢ
Ŵս껯ǮɽǰΪͱļ˵أϲһ֣СӦԡ
ϣܰǮɽҲЦټһ¡
ԸֻϣʱǱ̫ǿ
ǮɽЦЦǿһġõڶĵͳʵһΣȻҪŰһΡ
껯Ǯɽ˵һ֮ǮɽЦ¥ˣߴ죬ɲˡ
һѻġ
껯ǮɽĶԻɻ󣬲֪˵ʲôҲûйʣ뿪
ϣӮǸ񻰡껯Ц
Ӯ𣿡
껯һ㶣漴ЦҲǣʮһٽⶼʤôʤ㣬ΰˣҲܾѹ

ʹûмޱһֱӴ̨ǿռͨλá
ǰŤĿռУ֪Ҫ뽨ռͨҪԽܼʵſԡңռͨԽҪʵԽֲ
һ£ռͨҲò𡣱͵ǵ۹۶ȥŰ޵
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˵ͷ׼˵ͷ̨˵ʼɣ
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·Ըù´ӵʤʮ֮ѡ˵
֪ˣޱЩ꣬˰ֶ˵ȥ游ʣ˵岻ʡѡ飬Ƴ٣
⡭Ϊѡ
ʲôձĻȥ游ʾǣޱЩ
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£ޱ֣һ˵ڻڱչ𣿡
ʥʱһֱûأ˵
ȥڣޱ˵
ʥʱ·Ը׼˵
·ڱ飬ɷִ磡ޱȵ
ǣֻܴ·Ҳ֪ʥʱ¶ޱлӻŮ֮Ϊ谮ġ

ռ֪ͨ˭ģ쳣İȫСͷ籩ûСȻصľ벻̣ڿռ֮пԽ룬ûлʱ䣬ͰҪһʱ·ꡣ
ձռ³ʱڴǵ۹ľ֮⡣
㿴Ϥĳǳأվ߽ȥ
ռˣȻſ˵ʲôǼϵţûпڡ
ǲ֪ţȻģֺȥǡ
ȻھǵСǲûж˼ԣûж˹עգˣһ˶עĿ
һһȺɫ
տЦ˵㲻𣿡


528 Ҷ˼ͳ
Ҷ˼㣡
Ҷ˼һɫȹͷٲü촽Σ˶ظɹɵĶ͹Գߡ۰ľרעĴе飬ģȻĶòϣҶ˼ԼŮ֮УΪ֪ԾģӦóڷ֮Уʱͬ߸ϵŮĳġŵߵ࣬Ļǧ̬֮Уܱ⡣
˰Ҷ˼̧ͷһۣ¶һЦֵͷϵļ
Ҷ˼ˣЦЦǰҶ˼ţͷѹҶ˼ļҶ˼ϴĵܰ㡣ĸоҶ˼ϣŹҵܰ
Լֻһ䵭ġ˰ǣСޣûжٷǹƽΨָо
֣أҶ˼㱧ַ֣ǰ󶯣ɫЩ죬ĺһ
ģ˵꣬Ľ⿪Ҷ˼ŦۣһֻĻ˽ȥ΢΢ƣһֻ飬е壬
ˣҶ˼Щ٣Ҷ
£æҵģ˵ţٴν⿪Ҷ˼һŦۣոλá
Ҷ˼Ĳ糺ӿеıֽһô£
飡ȻһЦҶ˼ȥ
Ҷ˼еҪеĶ࣬£Щܲˣһţ촽֮Уһ˿˿³̲סס촽
ҪҶ˼ĵȵ˴
ʱýȥֱҶ˼ЩԵİݺݵĽҶ˼ȥȻҪһǰϷ쳣Ļ塣

Ҷ˼һϷӦѹԼҧļĵһ䡣
аɣèأҶ˼ȵ
˵꣬Ǻ޹˼ɣ

Ŭĳ̣Ҷ˼ҧ촽ĲԼɢųȵϢ

˾Լʱһҽ͵һµҲŵȻˡҶ˼Ҳ
㶵ĿǰˣֻҶ˼䣬Ҷ˼ű§ţһƬհףֱоԴһ¡ϾͷӦϽ˳ȥ
˳ѰԼؿڣþòƽ뵽ոһĻ͸оĶҪˣɬͬʱָоšһֱҶ˼оͬŮͬܽسˮһ㣬ûմȾһ˿覴áǣ˿ȴǸµ顣
Ȼֻһۣ㻹Ǳһ۾Ϳ˭ԭ;Ҷ˼֮һ˿ǣû뵽Ҷ˼㵽ֵز
Ҷ˼ôᱻƭأѰգһɫƭҶ˼㡣뵽Ҷ˼˵һ뵽ҪǱȥĻҶ˼Ҫǧ֮С

Ȼ֪˼ǧһţ㶼ˣҪǶΣԼҪ̫ˡ
Ҷ˼̵ҡ뵽汻˿ʱжĻҶ˼ȥ
һСƨѣǹʲô㵹ǲ⡣Ů˻ǲܳԿһһ˳ӣԼˡ
Ȼ˼һΣҶ˼ŭһۣﻹҺǱߵİȫãֿʼ·á
ŮˣҺ£ĵȻԹѣҲֻʰ飬սá
쵰Ҷ˼һ䣬ɴ̺죬Щûаѳס
ǸҲܹңŮ̫òˣҲţ˵
Ҷ˼һۣҪߡ
ˣȥɡһëûСƨʲô˵
仰Ҷ˼ЩûЦȻ˼˼СƨԼʲô
ԺʲôƤѡǰ㻹˼Ҷ˼Цſ㡣
ģһֱû˼ᶨ˵ţֻҶ˼ţĻԽԽС
Ҷ˼ЦЦת˵׼̻ύѣ㿴ô
һ㶣أ
Ҷ˼Ĭһֱ㣬ͷؿڣѾ˺ܾˣˣһҪ뿪ǵ۹
ΪʲôǸü֪Ҷ˼ݲ򵥡
κңǰûи㡣ʵ֮ǰǾҪǰȥͳ֮ءֻһֱƳ٣ϵڡǣǲˡҶ˼˵ʥԤˣͳҪϹ֮ơ˵Ѿ˷ѲʱˡԣһһҪߡ
ǵۼͳҶ˼˵ۼͳϹͳ֮һ
Ҳ㣡ֻһҶ˼ûתƻ⣬ֱӻش½֮Уŵۼȡڵۼ֮УһλۼңȻҲۼԲ˳
ô˵ɻʵ
½ʱĵۼͳһġҶ˼شҵĵۼͳȷʵϹŵһλۼµġ˲һͬ
ͷ̫ϻһλˣ˾Ͳһʵۡ
ȻۼͳֻһҶ˼˵ģ㡣
˵ͷ˵ô㣿
ҪңۼȾСҶ˼˵ȻҲˣڵۼȵλҲ͡
Ҷ˼ô˵һܼͺá
㣡
ţ
мһҪǵãҶ˼ͻȻ˵
ʲô飿
ܷʲô飬ǵΪǵĽŬһҪǵãܷʲô飬ĺ㶼һġҶ˼ͻȻ§˵˴λȥҲ֪ᷢʲô
ţͷЦİɣǵͳˣѵǻʲô飿ģҶ˼ԶҵҶ˼㡣
Ҷ˼չһЦԭ׼̻ύģ뵽һ⣬Ͱˡҵȷʵ츳Ұ̻׳ࡣһûа취ܾǣҳûһҪҪ̻ﵽңҪҲӦˡ
仰΢΢㶡Ҷ˼ֲ̫˰ɣңҪܴﵽҪεȵ
ףҶ˼ĵͳҪеĿֲ
Ժ̻ˣеԴ㶼á֪Ű󣬽̻ĲƸܿٷչġҶ˼Цʱ໥ϣһһ忹ʵ
˵ͷŻеŮ˵ʲôʱߣ
˺ܾˣһֱˣɡҵݣȫ̳еͳҪɱˡʹǾǣҲǾȴ֮ءг֮գǻټġҶ˼Ц
ҵЦȻֹҶ˼ʱ㻹ûбʵ
ţǵãԺ󲻹ܷʲô㶼ҪţվߵġһŬҶ˼ٴ˵һ



529 ŵ
ְְ֣֣ŵĸ߲ߣһɫȹȸԾǰܶһңѷݷŵĺܸߡ
㱻ôһŻظĿ⿴ڲƺϱܵǴżЦ⣬ߣܸߣ
ı¶ȸԾЦݣͬһڲƺܶŷݣϷŸߣ
ʲôأŵ촽ǰЦʵӳһֱʧ񡣡
ЦЦҲûн͡ЩһֱҶ˼һ뵽Ҫֿܾãǲᡣջ˼ĿתƵŵϣŵɽ޳ϣĽԸˣʮֹ˶ǣһԸеٸ
ŵôƯܻ˭ҡЦ˵ûеǼݳȡ
䵽ôŵת˫̺ˮӣת֮һڿյջ󣬺Ļ꣬ǰٸûеֿһΪһ㣬߿ԼˣŵЦЦĿţЩӿ졣
ת۾ŵЦ˼Ϊǵ֣ԭҲǻẦߵġ
һ䣬Լ̲ס˵ɲǺߣȻеĻ˵һЦɬСģ
Сһ˵˵˼СŮŵЦеĿ㣬ֳ޵ӣЦЦ
ŵ㶼ƭƭСŮ˵
˼ҺܺƭˣŵŴ۾㡣
һЦҪٴ꣬ŵ϶Ӳҵġ
СһͦġŵЦҵ㳤󣬿ֶô
ȣʵֻҪֶεĻھ㹻ˡֻɬƻоϧ˵˵̲֮ס̾һ
С󣡻ΪԼǻְŵЦ㵨ͦģһص֮С
仰һ㶣ŵѵ֪Լʹ飿뵽ŵݣȻ֪
ŵ֪ʲô㻹ҽӴµ۹ʵ۰ҲΪ𣿡Цſŵ
󴳻ʹϢŵҲšĵѾܹƵˡֱŷӡʱȻٴγھǣǾ̫ţȫǲѻҷ
ŵ룬Һ֪Ǽ˲࣬ҪȻҾٹ˼ɣҲҪ֡
ҵݣעͷߡŵЦЦ˵ںܵһ㶼𣿡
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СһϷŮ˻мֶΡŵЦеĿ㣬ϧ㲻һס
֪о仰˵㲻ϲ飬Ұҵ顣ԾŵҺ飬ɰ㡣̾һ
仰˭˵ģôûŵЦ
ʼû˵ֻҪ֪ʵУ
⻰Լ׫İɡСһﲻŵһĶͷЦЦ
ʵ㲻ңŬգգ۾ŵˮеˮ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ϊգ۾ˣŵ˵
ôشΪû͸󿴱ʣ˵бˮΪҰ㰮
ۡ
ŵûס˳ЦЦǰŵ촩ŵһȹǽôһǰıҲŲʮ˵
СһĿȥƭСŮˡŵĴЦ
ʼ磬ĵױģƭСŮʲô˼ƭٸĲսԣ
裡Цʲôܹŵ˵ְֽЦ𣿽
㿴ͬһЦеĿ˵ȥ棬ԴˮˣЦ
ŶǽԴˮֹһԼȥˡ
ЦЦȸԾСŮְֽˣԭǽС̵ŵҲ裡
˭Դˮˣתͷŵʱ򣬼ŵ۾㡣
һ˵ҵ˼ǣǱһСȥϴԴ
Ҳ֪ͺǣǿŵһۣҲûмƽϣߵߣһʯͷϣЬӣѽŷŽˮ֮Уˮ
˳ˮŵ㣬ŵС۰ܸое۵ָ͸ʷۺɫָ׾Ө͸ʮֵܶ˵Ůܿ߰˷֡ʱ룬еģʱûз覴á
ŵ㿴СȣЦЦûڵŵͲ㣬ƽŲͬվһꡣ
ŵ֫ϸŰɫɫȹյխխģزȥʡ㼸͸ϡȹŵ齿סһŵ벻Ҫ˼ôȻĶӿЩ˵ĸо
رôϡ·Ҫˮˣǻ߹⣿
ˮеĵӰͻȻôһ뷨뷨һðʧЦŵֲǺӡ
λǺͰϾŵʵ
ô֪룬ԼͰϵľûиɡ
Ѿھ̨ϵ㼸ˡ㻹ˣҪ֪֪᲻ѪŵЦ
Ϣ㵹Ҳ˵ˣⲻʲô顣Ҫȼ졣
һѡ㵹鷳ˣǲ֡ŵЦܽˣ˭ǿ˭鷳ñԲԣ
ڨڨЦЦ˵ŵﻰ鷳òã
ŵ˷ۣЦ㰡Ҫˡ
һʧʮˣȻҲܷҪôҲɡ㲻ֹ
ŵ仰ɱ˰϶ʮ㻹мֱ£佱˺ö顣ϧԶΪǵ۹ˡⲻò˵һϧ
Ҫڴǵ۹λãһ˭С꣬ȷʵŲȰϲ
˶˵㲻ǵ۹ŵЦȻΪʹǼ飬Ϊɱ˶ʮ顣㵹Ǻãھסôˡ
Цû˵ˮŵĵӰôŵˮУ
׼ʲôʱŵ㡣
ŵĵӰջĿ⣬Ц˵ڷȻǰ˵
ŵ㵣ʮ֮˾ˣθƣ
ЦЦҪŵæˣ
ȻҾ֪ûʲô¡ŵЦܱǸҿɰﲻ㡣
Ҫŵ̫æֻҪһССæѣϴһ仰ѡЦ
һ仰ŵͷ⵹ǿԣֹ
ܣЦ


530 Ϸ
ܣŵɻĿ㣬ȻǺα
ſڣ׼˵ʲôȴ˹öߣںŵԶ
裡ݶˣҼ䵽ŵǰָʾŵѷݼ
ŵ˵ͷ̽ˮеķ̽ȥǻһ㣬ŵץߵʯͷҪ
ŵˣ۾żаȣ˵ȥ֣ȥ
Ŷǰǰȥץŵץʯڵ֡ŵԭʹʯͷ֮⣬һץʱʧȥƽ⣬ͨһˮС
裡һĨմϵˮ㺰ְ֣ˮˣϽ
ͷ׼ȥŵʱŵѾ
ŵȫʪ͸·ŵ壬еİĿرǱزܿ͹𴦡ʱŵûдһ㣬ȫ¶С
ŵ廬۵Ľܸоо˵ĵԡŮˣԸУǱ·ٸʪջ
ŵֱֱĶ壬ŵͻȻ˵һ仰ҪֶΣҲа
㣡ŵҧгݣﲻ֪ȫġˮ
ôˣ޹Ŀŵ˵ҲˮԲŽ㡣
ŵЦãҪңԼ
㲻Ҳû취޹ʼ磬ʾԼί
ŵԼȫ߹ˣҲ˲ʰ㣬һ˵㱥۸ʲôãֲܳԣ
һ仰㵣⻹ǣöԼĻ磬ȴֲܰԼ
뵽⣬ʱԴ
ˣŵſЦЦ춯ռ䡣

ŵϾŮȻ㿴Щ˼ȴûŮ߳ŭ㼸ۣ˵˼С޵ǱʵĻҲûаô
ŵķӦȻܲµ顣Ҫѣ˵ʲôҲŮ˲õӿŹ֣
ȻҪŵ飬ŵҲʾæһԼɫôãԼɻô˧
ÿȥ̨Լȴų̂˼Ϊþǫ̀˶ûˣһŵͬʱŲ̋ù㡣
˿⡣ĺ캰أûг˵С
һȥգǺŵȥ档ˣ㶼ûмڣ˶֪ˡ
Ҷ˼̻֮УĺСȻȻ̻ᣬΪϴײҶ˼飬Ҳһֱû㡣ȻףŮǻںС
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¥ģѾ׼ˣ͵Ÿ߹˵
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⣬㰲ȥʼӵµߣԽӣ¥ӵ飬ϢΰһԼ˵꣬ӽָȡ׭ݸǰ˵Щ׭СҲдãϰķͻƵ⣬ǧΰ֪ô
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Ӱ˲ûռʧǵȻȲңΣȴҲǲԴ̿˵ĺ
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ûѧȴ˽⡣Ĳ࣬ǺϼҲ̾䡣
Ҫǣͳķ׵磬ܱǿǱƽߣ׵ЧҪϰٱϡֻҪ׵繻ǿԺǿߡ
ѹִֵҪԼЦЦ˵
뿪ߵһ䣬պһѿԼɫ˺죬վһ˳ȥ
㿴Ѿ欵壬žϵĽɬЦЦҲû֯
㣬㵽׶ʲôˣΪʲôһܣն˵
ʼ磬ЦЦ˵Ҳ֪ϲңҾͺ߰ɡ
ѲŲϲ⻵ءƲƲˣѸոոң˵ܶ˶㣬ﰲǸ
˵ͷô£ЩϹˣô㣬Ҳ
ȻϺһ㣬Ҳʲôöհһ˵
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ѡѲûСءյһ۵ѸոջңҪҪ̻ҥ㻹˵ѣǻ
㵣û뵽ѻ㵹ǾŮȤˡ
İɣ˻ô㣬Ҳȥɡ˿Ϊ⣬ҳˣҲúõġ
Ҫˡ죬벻һȻߣΪҾͻӦ޸Ҿȥ֮ǰƭġ
Ů˹Ȼһڰֹյ뷨ЦİɣаţҪҲô򵥵顣
а취۾һ
԰ɣڰţֹˣҲӳһ¡Ц
տЦǾͺúõĺ棬㣡Ҫֹ˾ˣҵʱ򲻳˵ĻҲҶô
Цŵͷ
ˣ㣬̨ءҪ㲻ҪˣšȻѶ԰ϵĳŵϣ㲻ǰϵĶ֣
û£Ȼǿǻǿһսġ뵱Ȼյ嶨Ȼûв˼
պĹϵҲ֪ˡһһҪҪȻԼҶݣպһܼҶݸı䲻ˡȴֹסһЩ˵Ŀڡ
ҪǣյĸףҲ˵
һսⲻˡ
ʤ𣿡ʵ
ûлش𣬰϶ǿ㲻֪۹һУûһ˸ҺġԣҲûмġ
԰ɣЦţ˵


531 ҥ
ŵ֪㵽ôֹϷϷѾûʲôˡʲôȻûǰǾĪĻס
û죬ŵɫ͹ŹڴС֮У֪˶ֽšЩֽŵһûֱ˵ϣ˵׳ǰں׳аŮ֮ǿȡᣬһǰҵ˴Ŀġ
Щֽʳǵɢֱ˾֪ȻҲΧ⡣
ŵֽŵ֣ŵЦãдţ׳ǰҹӰ׺ɫŮʱŮӺ븮ۡĸۡŮܱڵ˺׳ۡɥĲ񣬿Ƴܣ
֮ŹݣȺһòٸɱŮӷ֮ǿռٸ֮Ϊ檡
̫֮͸йܼ͵飬ҹʵϣ֪̫͵˲ֻһһգ׳ҹڣУ̫˵Ľͬèͬߣ͸еĵƹ⣬ܿһѩ׵Ľ
ޣһ˴ֽŵԽԽ࣬ڿȥˡ
⻵ôģŵѩﲻֶ֪Ρֻǣһҹ֮ЩʳǣھǿһΪ
ŵȻΪΪ֮󣬾˼ûмŽǾ˵Լյˡ
ŵеֽţȻƪûһ仰˶ǳŰ϶ȥġ
ҪˮˮдôĶʲôŵֹոֽϵĹ£Ļ֣˸о֮СһԼСˣƪӦǴˡ
ŵϾҡҡͷŶôдʵӦ˴ʡ
ŵ֪ǰܹѬգ㶫ֱǲҪսǿĶдһѡ
Ȼŵ˷ôƪдЩȫûбҪϾ̫͵ðʲôˮ˵䰲Ů޷ЦñӶѡ
ǣʲô
Ȼŵ֪뷨ʲô״ȥ޷ǾɫԣЩٶȿԱʮȻҪƪдЩˡ
ŰɫһΣŵ̲סЦ˳һʮа˾ŶǶ׫ģɫǾԲܵġֽϵʵԣһɶ
һҲ֪һڵİԡŵ̾һеĶⶪһҲûзϡ
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ЩҶѾ߶׫ŵЦã𵱳Щֽϵھ͸㲻ʲôˡ
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ԣֵزҲʼδġ⡣˴Űҵʱ򣬾ٴһ籩ڰϵСϢҲ˳
ϵĸŲ֮һҷɱʿϴܱоɱ˶ʮоһʿδˡС檡
Ϣܿھ粨һ籩ԶԶǰһҪǿҵĶࡣھǣϵ׷ߺͳߣЩҥһʼֶŵĵز
Ҳ£˵Ϻõһʹ˵Ϻã˵ϻĵطɤϡھǴϣÿõʱ䣬ܷΪľ
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־磬ϵʱŵһμʶ۵ȻܶѾ²ĳҪԸˡΪ䲻
ֻܶ˶ʧЦƲһЩΣҲֹѡˣҪⲻˣⲻЦ
ȻܶҲ˭ںƲǲ˺ܾãҲûߡ
ǵۡ·԰صһ𣬴ʱ˷ܵ˵㣬һ㡣ַˡϣֻϲŪν
԰·Ҳ˵ͷˣΪʲôû
ĬһȻܸ԰·ʲô顣˵ȥֻҲΣաϾǹϵʼ档
뵽飬ҲĲѡȻҽǣѵĲ»ʰ
㲻ۡסǲǣǱϾǴǵ۹ӡ
ҪҪȥһ㡣ȻˣпھҶ̻ᡣ԰ʵ
ˣҡҡͷȥʺϡ
ţ԰عŹֵĿ漴˵ǰ۹Ŵ۹ɱ˶ʮİɣ
Цһ˵ͷ˵ҪǻΪҥԲɣ
԰·ۿŲ֮ɫĵӣȻģΪʲô
԰Уʲô̼ôͻȻ۹Ըǵ۹ˡ۹ôʹ
̾һҪȥһλʹһ۹Ҳǡ
Ͳùˣ֪ġҡҡͷżΣֱ֪ξС
ô죿ҪҪһѣ԰ؿʵ
룬漴ҡҡͷʣǿ߸ң˵ۡӡʲôǵĻҲɡȻȻİգǿžУҪæȻ˵
ô˵԰غһۣеĺȻӣ˭ӣ۹Ҳͻӡ
ݣʵۿ϶ǲΪʲô˼ӣѵ㣿
԰غ·ԽԽܣо޷Ȼûˡ㵽ʲô飿
Ҫ˵ɱʮⲻ̫ܾңһͲˡǣڵ£صǣҶ˼ۡ
ǲҪҲ£˵ûô飬ҪʣҪܡҸаš
ǣ԰Ҳףдϡ֪ġ


532 ԩ
ҥɢΪĴ򶷲٣ݱԽԽҡ
ԭǺ׳ˣҲǺ׳ǵһСҶֻΪ˰ᵽǣҲ͸Źүȥ£ϵĳڿ䰲ϣЦһ
һЦͼŭЩߣһȺ˰ΧŭЦʲô
ԭ˶ڣԭҪЦݸһ֣һȺ˾͹Ц˰ɣЩүˣһȺûеӵث֡
һ仰ŭԭ׼ʾں׳ǵʱ򣬾ûܹҵļҶ۸ҲͰˣǿԼС㣬СǺεôῴǸӵܡ
ǣǼϾС壬ȲϰңΪС㲻ħצֻ뿪׳ǣǰǡǱ磬ǰұƵġڣЩ˵˾ǻŹѰϿһ仨ƵġȻûкͰϽӴӡ𣬰ûһˡһʱŭˣҲŶԷͬʱѵ갲鱬
Ȼĺܲң˵ȥʱҪҽʦĿ죬סˡ
ҵүһ令̵ˣر˵ԼļҶΪԼҳͷܵˡҶϽҪǣһȺ˴ˣûм
ŭүǼ˿Űϣһӳȥ
үȥȻǵһЩ壬ЩҪҵҴүҪһسӡûзҴүܵȥҵĸۡˡ
ұϾǴ壬ҪƽˣҲû߿ࡣǣҲǼ򵥵С塣Ӻ׳ǱѣСʶһӡ֮ӣȻھҲܶλǰڡ
С㲻Ƿ׿ԽҪȻҲִҪռˡȻ֮ӿˣȢ˼ҡ
һΣδңұҵĸɸɾܵˣ˹ȥ̧ʱλүܻԷ̫ǿԼ׼ңҲң
λүʱǰԵƢϽϼҶϼһܵǸ壬һĸϣҲˡ
һھǵĹϵ̴ҲûҲҵһλүǣλүͶ
λү˭ҲŹ˭ȻԼӪԽԽĹ屻СԭֻһС־磬ǹ忪ʼƴ
ʼǶԭڰϵֻ²ƽ۽Ƕǣݱɹ֮۽Ƕ
ǹ壬Ŵ뱻ȲУϵķڸ˵С
ŵЩϢʱҲˣû뵽һССҥԣȻֵֵزڶȥŵžöڰϷһӰˡ
Сһԭֻ֪椡мֱŵֹ
㵱ȻҲֵ֪һıֻҪϡȻЩʱʱľҲˡݻϲѡ
㣬ô㵽ģյõϢʱҲż־̾㡣
Ȼ˵ϹèӣһŲߵı˵һж֮У
ڸô浱Ƶģʵ
ٵȼ죬ЩÿûӣֵԽԽãҵҡ΢΢Ц
Ŷյͷ֮ôа취ʧ𣿡
԰ɣ˵һսԩ
ԩɻĿ㣬ʲôֶΡ
ʱһȥһȥͬʱ嶷ԽԽף˵мҹıˡ㰵ϲʱ򣬾λʥʦһİѹ
ϧҲ֪λʥʦЩٴιƽˡֻȻƽеìȴڸҡ
ƽϢֻܿʼһּƻ
һֱ̻δֵ㣬һҶ̣ھǵĴϡȻⲢû˵⡣ֻһЩˣ˵ɱ˶ʮĹ壬ž̾ѡ
ǿ첽ܻؼңԼҳ㱨
Щ𵴵ʱżҶֱֱߵһɫǰ˿һĻһ۶Ҷ
ҶҪʲô
ǵǿ鳵ʱ·˶ɴ۾Ŀ㡣찡һʲôҪʥĲɣǣʥҲõģرҶݣ
ɫĴģǵǵ۹һλʵġĴϴǣҪʵ۱µ飬Ҫεص飿һص飬ҵϣҵʥʦԽˡ
ҪϴҪԩﲻʥĵĳ̶ȡ˻ԣʥƽ궼ûһΣЩʱһһΡ
ҶҪʲôʥģһССļҶʲô£һ£ʵ۶ʥģһ㶼ҪڹҴĴ¡
ҶʧķɡҪöʥĲɣ
˷ˣҶ׷ˡȻʥġ
ȫӿϹ֮ϣݺݵôŹ鳣𶯾ǣһ޴ϴ￪Ŀⶼط
һЩ̲ס˭ҳûùİˡ
֮ЩͷӦ͵վִ󺰵ʥģʥ죿ѵƾˣ
ʥ죿ʲô飿ѵ۹ˣ

һ侪쳹˿ʼʥĵķ˹ǣǸϵĿĵأһҶʥģһһصʱһ͡
һͼļҶȻȥʥģ
ֱ֣Ǻ֣
˭ҵļҶҪ壡

һȺŭˣЩ֮Уʶˣ義ӡǿ㣬㣬ôˣôһ
СǴ󵨣Ҳˡĵôʥġ𣿡
һһˣùģȻԭ򡣡
һǰϣϺͷ̨ôã벻ͻˡ
˵֮˭ôɣɢҥԣһͲˡ

ӿ㣬һɫӣЩֻͰ϶Ҳ⿴
ȻݺܿڸĶдΪҶ̫ˣܰճļҶ
ôֻˣеӻǴ뷨
֪ݣԭ׼ȥˣֹס˽Ų
ЦҶնɱ˰Լȥⲻ
ԣɢйֱֱĿҶʥġܲˣֻþǵЩȥˡϣʥʦ
ԽԽ𾢣һݺݵڹϣϵӶȥھʥ֮£ʼΧԽԽȺһ㡣


533 ״
ˣˡ˾ֻͷ̤һ⻺̧ͷ֮ϵϣȴ
»ģǰ꣬Щƽ飬Ȼȫ֪Ҳ֪һʱǣһʥģ޷ľٶ
ȻֲԼŮһ仰ȻǾ仰˵ġ
Ҫ˻ʥģϽ״
ʱŵ仰Ī˭û¸ȥʥġŵҲû飬Ͼ̫УѾðˣȥ飿
ǣֻˡô䶯
״Ҫ棬غǵ۹ȵ
һƬȻѹֶԷʥˡԭд£ϤˣȴƲƲ죬ûаĻϡرǾӣ̫˽ˡ㼦ëƤС£ܿŰ򱶡
۹ǻƨڵ۹飬УҲܵô˵˵ο㶼ɱ˴ǵ۹ʮ˵仰
£Ѿ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô顣ǻǵʵ
Ϸ֮ơ
һ仰õµɫŹѾ˶ߣҶȫǳŰ϶ȥġƷôôڷʱôһӡ
Ȼ˵֮£г͢ȣܼƽϵģ
ƥȻֻһССҶҲ֪´塣ԣ˶ڰϵ˵ȴҪ˵Դǵ˵
һ仰úܶһ϶̲סһĭϣѾĻ˵仰֪֪û˵仰ˣ
㵱Ȼ֪ɴȻ˵˸Ը䣬ȴҪһȾ£һҪ˵һ˵
ĿⶼһͦضߣҪʣ£ţǣܣۣܳƺΪǣϲʲ壬޵޲ţܳΪ۹мᣬΪ۹棬Ϊߣ
ûе²ţ˵ġиʥʦУɱյ㡣϶˵
ϴԲӣҡͷ˵ҪǱ£ʥʦԼλ˱ɱô죿£ʾʦİգǸ㣬ûе²š㶢˵
仰ҥԻɢģ׽
ûƷʣҲöʥĵԭ򡣵ƾ㣬Ͼ֮ܰСϿ˵
ϣ㾪ôͿˣ
һ仰˶̲סתͷˣһ̫ˣ϶ˡ
Ϊ۹ĸϣѵ㶼ûпһߣ·һͳ˧ҪǱͳǴʲôǵоǳֱ룬ֱɱҵ۹أ۹ʱԴοдһѡˡǺεѵǴŵ۹ҪǼܣƵǵ۹ô죿ҲȻء۹ͻٲ˺ѵϵ۹Ĵѵֵʥѵֵøһ𣿡
϶㣬ʱȴλҲϵλǳĬһȻ֪ʡǣѡġƳɣ˲˵ʲô
ǵ۹ȻĴڡϵ⣬ʹΪϣܹ˵ʲôκһ仰ҪΪ为Σ
˵ȻʱȴҲò˼ǲʺ
һЩ뵽Щ˰һߵӵߣҪܷŹԼ壿
뵽⣬һЩ̲סϣԷ˵
ԣԣϣҪӳ鰡

һ亰ϣЩҲЦݡغԼ棬㲻Щ˲æ
ֻԭΪŵĴܽ״棬벻Լ˵ô࣬˵ĿڸˣӦ룬´λҪŵƽˮСŮ̫ˣ
ǾʵͬϷˡʱλϼл׺ݵˣҴӦ
ЩΪѵʱ֮ϣһϵҪΪҪ֤ϣӦ󣡡
ǣϽһû뵽һλȻһֱڹעڣҲһϱϾǾˣһж˵
Ͽ˵֮ã״棡
лϣЦѹ鳷ŻʥһԣеǾȸոƣֻһȴĪϡɲ⡣ѹΪ۹ˣ
˼۹ĴӦ״棬һȻ˻ϲ˱
һߵĹ壬һ˵ӦΣ۹飬״ʲô𣿡
ǣʹﵽĹѫˡѵƾ㼸仰͸ı䲻ɣ
ҵҪʲôֶֹ

֮ȷܷܲϢ˲䴫ǡ
ϢðûõľַرһҶ״氲ʱǾ̸ʣʼ۷׷ס
Ȼºϡ档˶ΪϷѾɵֵˡҶȥֹҲôҿֶѣѵֹɣ
ҲԸμӣܶ˶׼ȴҶͰ֮ˡ
ҲǵһʱõϢõϢʱҲʧһ漴ֿЦϲ档ȻȥʥģȻõ۹Ӧ鰲Ϸ֮¡
˵Ϸ֮Ѿ˳ˡֹ˰԰ɻ˵
ȿɣ㲻ֹðһҲ˼ôİɡЦ
԰صЦЦûֿܡ
Ǿȥɣһӣ㰲ܷҲ϶ҧЦ

ӵʱŵһҲӡŵⲻǷ飬˭İȻʥġ
ǣŵȵǣҶԴ˾ȻûһʾѵҾţ
һﻹǴѵ㵽̬ȣŵֹһʱȥ
ŵ֪ʱھ֮ȫġӻҵ̬ȿ㶼㵽ҿ϶֪ɹ֮顣Ȼ֪飬ˡûиʲôݣҾԲҶ֡
ŮʲôʵԶߣ֮Уңֵܵǿվ󣬻Ҹ
ȻǺٻǣڻûб֮ǰԼǰȫġ
˶ڴ֮ý棬ûпϺڽǶϽ棬ȴ￪ʼսһˡȻǺ˼
ȻҲ˹עϵı֣ȴְ⼸춼չڼңû¶棬ԭ뿴Щߵˣоһϧ


534 ս
ʱת۾ȥ֮⣬Χˣɽ˺Χ档еĸϣôǵһμôˡ
Ҳǣ͢û״ġеһֿԿЩȻŹ
۹λһţɽ˺
˵ȴ˲ʱ䣬ȴٳûг֣һЩ˲ͷһôû֣ǲ˰ɣ
ǼҶ϶ǲˡȣһһӣȻˡ
ȥһҶݣ鲻֪һһ֪Ҷʲô𣿡
Ҷݣ
ǿɲ֪ǹУûжٲ֪ҶġǾͺ;Ӷʤնɱʥʦһѣ
ǲǰ⻹һҶ𣿡
Ͳ֪˰ɡеľţһëҶųƷӡ
ԭǽеȻǷӣҪǷӣô
ʲôһϢǲ֪Ҷսϣʤһ
˵ЦɣǺε˵սһҶôʤ
㲻֪ªţߣݵĹ壬˭֪һβҰףʮɱԷһδˡǰѾķзˡʱŵоˣļҶ
϶˵ЦҪɱ˵۹ʮţͱʥʦʰˡ
㲻žǣ
Ȼţ

۵ʱɲӰӣúܶ˲ֹһô£ôû֣׻᲻ְ
˲ͷʱԶɧˣˣȻһɰ찡Ů湻湻ĵġ
СɣƯ

˵עĿ֮УһãȻɽ˺֮ļһ·ʹЩ˱ȵ˽ţҲûпһ
ϻҪǶȥǿƨϷ
߽ȥǰ϶ЦЦתͷ˵ȵƫȥһ
˵꣬ƫÿ˹ȥȴ˲ˡоӣŵＸˣŵ׷ǸĵĳĶԼìܵׯϸϸһʶ
ҹȥˣҪͣǻ򵹡նչЦ
˵ͷҾ
տЦţ㣡
˵꣬վ߹ȥŵջӻ֣һ㶣뻹ŵߡֻоȣʶֻû̫Ľʶѡ
ŵգЦ˵ҶɲʵֳĶԽԽˣЩֽ㿴𣿡
ɫ˺죬ЩֽϵĲȻʱ㻹׼ΪִأտûƤ
Сһ㿴ŵЦСһɲʲôˣҪһ㣬Ķдĳֱǻˡ
ǲдģΪͣʵ㲻еˣΪ˺ܸУֱ࣬ģ
ŵղԶ仰о˵ЩƷʣ
ŵһ㶣漴Цյ˵㰡汻ƭˡȻΪ˵
ǵģĺֱ˵ȻЩ󣬿ǰҪģҪҲֻԼ
ŵһ˶ƭˣɿվ㣬⻵һﻹмֱ¡ܰƭ
ѽԺܹϲմǲݣŵ뵽Ƶˮе飬ɶЦ
վڸ϶棬ŵ˽֪Ů˵ԼʲôˡĿƿȴֳĶЦ۾ģ㲻òϣϣŮ˵Ƿ켫
תͷĿʱʱĿĶʧЦȻûһĶˣŮ˻ǣġ
أǲɣߣһҶ£ûˣҲĻ˶Ц۹û˲š
û뵽һ仰ͿʼԴϬ˴˾һ㣡
λ϶һۣ˵ͷϾ
ǺЦù壬һҪΪˣӦֱ׳վȻӸµĵȴҡ߷緶ǣȴˣһҶֱ׳վⲻǿЦ𣿡
԰⼸仰̲סͣԼﲻסЦļȻϣ˵Ļֻ˵һ壬һҶңԼݶעˣܳΪ۹ߣ
϶Ҫġ
Դǵ䰲ϵʱһ䵭ҵǾȣһ۹棬ʲôָңǺǣѵ㲻Ҫֵزˣ
һĳ֣һӰĳ˵У˶ȻȥǱչڼеİϡ
Ҫ˵Ҫһ㲻ʦ֪ûпСֽţʲôĸӣŮҲ֪ǲġȣ˾Ƥʱ͸о죬ûٿȥԣҲ֪жôҪ̾һŬԼţ۹壬Ҫ˸ң޷粻ˡ
ĿһϾͻָһЩС˵ҥԶѣֹߵġ
ҲϣˣҾǵ˶Ϊʲôûֹסأ˵ҥҲпյġնŶۣ˵Ӿþǵ˶ǴԲûֹס
϶㣬ҶԴϬϣȻ˵ǵ˶Ǵڼ仰˵֪Ҫˡ
ºÿڲţǣڲźҲʵϵ˵
תƻٶȵǺܿ졣ǣ㻹ûлشΪʲôûֹסҥأЦеĿŰϣƵɽô׷
ˣҪЩ⻰㣬˵˵״ΪɰɡŸϵ˵
ŸϿǰļҶͬӡȥ׷ɱȻˡԭҲˣԷȻҴĵĻŸϾȥ˻ʵۣѯҪҪǰȥնɱǻʵһȴҡҡͷŸʮֲ⣬ȴҲֻѭ
ֻ㣬ɲϲ̲סһѰϡֻٶ϶
Ÿһ㶣λʥʦúעǡո̫ʧƽˡ᲻ϲ
֮ǰ˵ҪΪǾԼԣܹܲԼҪǰУҲֻ˵ʺ
仰ʱʥʦ͸϶һ㶣仰ʲô˼ѵǲƽΪɰΪѡ룬־ò̫ܡ


535 ޵޲
㣡˵˵ɣֺ˵ϲϵ˵
ȻԿûܱȵϻشǸ⣬ȴòشϵĻʸλϣΪǲҪʣ£ţǣȫ
Ȼ۹һǵ²ż汸֮ˡһλϵ˵
ȻˣǾλȡʸ񡣰кβţкε£кܣһʲ壬޲޵µˣܳΪ۹ܳΪһߣ
ֱ׳ĺЩ̲סҶһӹţһھʵ
վһûпڣֻۿ㡣ǴһӣΪһ֮Ծ
δ޵޲ţδʲ壿ϵһϷʡ
׳ǰңв壡˳ԣʲôĻʲôˣ˶಻֮٣ΪӣҴӵİϣѵ𣿡˵
Ҷв壬һ֮ԣҥԣϵ˵֪֪ڮһ壬ҲǴ
Ҫûʮ֤ݣθ˵ĻЦ
ǰ֤ݳ϶˵
ͷȡָа£İҸ֤ݸλ˵ÿһ鶼Ѫ߰ߣ˲֮ңѵһ²֮𣿡
λϷһЩЩ֤漴һۣ漴ݸߵӣ˵õȥ
ӸϽӹ͵á
Щ¼֤ҵȻȥ顣ϵ˵
λϣʵأֻҪλں׳Ǵϼ죬ȻܼаŮ㣬ʹᣬֻȥһУ֮ܰǿȡСЦе˵˿ûҲǵƵľ
Ķڣ˵飿Ÿʵ
ҸȷʵĶͷ˵
λϵ˵ͷ漴ͷոյ֤ǿǲȻȥֻ֤ҵȴ֤֮Уûпй֮١
仰˵Ŀⶼ㣬ûаϵ֤óʲôãֻﰲϳȾ⵹Ϊˡ
λϣҪ״ģҪ״氲ϣҲТĺ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ״氲ϲҲТһִľͷϷҪǰʵĻͶһ
ЦһֱԱĹ̷ףβҲТϿߵ
׳ǰңĸĸֵв壬㲻ȰǸûоӵΣΪӣ֮£̸Т㶢λ˵λϣǷҳϵķǵﲻǣТ𣿡
ôʣЩ϶һ˵Ȼ㲻ϣ
Тһǲң˲֮£Ｃۣ㲻ϱ͢ңǰҪңӦôס㶢Űϡ
ϸտ׼˵ʲôȴϣλϣλϣҪ˷˴ǻ᲻ף
Ȼᣡλϵ˵
λϵĻŵЦյ֣ЦҶԴǻϬںÿЩˡ֮飬ǵӵҪ淸ˣýȥǣô˵ǰǲòشǱλϱ̬ʵϲҲТֶβ
ĻһҲ۽硣ԭݺġӸոյĳȾ˲ͱɲҲТ֮ˡ
״ڶʲ壡㶢Щ˵
˵ϵ˵
Ϊ۹󽫣ȴɱ۹ʿ㲻㲻ʲ壿ߵս֮ϣʱй²۹ʿõ۹ʿ·ǰΪʤ۹ʿɱ
һƬȻɴ۾ĿŰϡ
ûô£Ű˵
϶㣬뵽ĸŲһЩʿûץס˳ȥ벻ȻʱѣڿıѾõˡ
УûΣⲻɱǽʿûסҡ
ЦЦõ۹ʿҶס۹ʿ̫ܣԼΡǰߣȥʵ۹ʿͬⲻߣȻԼƵ㲢սĽʿϣĴ壿Ϊºͣ㣬ֵܣĽ󱳵ˡȻƵϣɱǡһƷµǲʲ壡ޣ
ʲ壬ҲТˣܱ㶢ŰϺȵҪǱȻ·ѩ
޵£ֻһ㶢ŰϣΣ޲ܣ
仰λĿ⿴㡣ˣ˼ۿ㣬һﲻǰɱ˰϶ʮ¼˵ɡⲢһ⡣
޲ţʵ
ǰΧѪЫڡʮԭʮһѪЫڡǣȴʧʮûƵѪЫڡʧ˶ʮ˵
֪ûѪЫڣЦɲǧٸΣȻŤת
ЦҲѪЫڣڴ۹ԮߺѪЫڵľǨ֮ƳǶ롣˵ƳǶҪǣѪЫڳǳص˷ֵĲɱʮ۾Ű˵Ȼ֪ûǣԵ뷨㶼ӵУһޡ
˵⣬뿪ƳǶ롣⵽ǳصֵŵ֪ԭҥ˵Ƴ֮ǡϲ룬Ҳ֪˭ɢҥԡ
Ȼⲻܵĵطܵĵطǣǲʮǰȥ۹ʮǣĶʮȫ𣬶һδˡܣܷ

һƬȻһɴ۾ĿŰϣŵĿŰϡϢǲҽܡ
ԶʮԷһδˣȴȫûһųս޲ʤеİܼһȻ˵սʤǣİܼǾԲеġʹڲǷ⻹˿Űϵˡĸо
һ˰ɣȻ˵ѵҪõ۹˵ɣŵ㣬û뵽ĵô˵ϺֵһΣѵҪ˶֪ͽ
һϣȴɫƽ˿ûһ˿仯ɻ˵ĵǲģ
ô߱ˣܣ㿴ŰЦ
ͻȻҲЦ˵ôҲ߱ˣǿɱ۹ʮˣ㣿
һ仰ǧˡһԲ۾㡣
˶ʱʧȥ˾񣬰Ͼٶ಻ǡǣҪһͽ״Ļʧȥˣô޵ܣû˷ϡ
һͰ֮ˡ


536 ʤ
ŵҲ̾һһսȻֳܱϵܡȴҲ·磬һɱ˵۹ʮ˵ˡʲôʸ˵۹ˣ
ֱֱĶ㣬һ״棬ܡԴϬѾˡ
϶㣬һֱģҲ壬ʲ壬û˵̫ĻΪֻ֪ҪץסһȫԷΪʤԣһʼϾͲģһ㶼ġһսʤ
Ц㻹˴Ц˶ŭĿӣѾپǿˣˡ
Цɱ̾ŵĴЦԼܣȻҳһɣǲǺܿЦ
϶Цѵɱ˶ʮ𣿡
ǣҴû˵ǣ㶢ŰϴЦǣҲܣ
ǣͬǵ۹ĵˣ˵ĻбҪ˵ҲҲТʲ塣ֻ뱨۹۹˳ΪѡⶼֶΣ㵱ΪǴ𣿡Ϻܿҵķɡ
ԣȥһ۹ĵˣȻ״ǵ۹Ľ죡
ߣѹôģԭҪǵ۹˲ţ
λϣȥ

˴ĺЩܿҪ
ЦЦɹЦҪǵ۹ĵˣȻ˵ĻûпŶȡȻܡǣҪǵ۹ĵأҪǣҴһսǻʵ۱µ˼أΣ
һ仰˲һƽһ㣬ǻɡ
һʧķɣ»ɱʮŵ׷ߵ
һԴǽˮˣĻԶ˵ĳׯҲԼ̬ȡ
ŵȺ㵵Ŀ㣬һﻹǸҺµ˼ⲻЦ˭Ĺ
㲻úЦ𣿡˵ñ»ɱԼĳ
Ȼᣡǣֻܹ̫ˣЦ
㣡עԴǣǺεҲܷ̰ģ²ԼĽʿڷġλŭ㣬ѹȥ
λϢŭ˵²ɱԼĳ񡣹־͹ְ̫ܡЦλ˵Σ
˵Ÿŭ
ЦŸϿɼǵã׷ɱң
ΣŸϺߵ
ΪһϷһ۹Ϸǵ۹һֱʹ۹սʤ²Ǿ뵽һ취Ǿǰȥ۹ԵסȻ£ǰȥ۹۹˲ҡԣ¾׷ɱҡΪȡô۹ΡȻʥġһϷݵĺܳɹȻ۹ϵˡһְλΪµĴƣȻܿ죬˴󽫾ְλ
ĻԵͷȷʵмֱ£ô˴󽫾ְλ
ΪһԵף󽫾֮λѾˣҪһҪˡ㣬Ϊǵ۹˵Եʣ϶ǲеġԣţȰѴ۹Ķʮꡣܿ죬ҾͷһûᡣϴʮǰȥɱѪЫڡҵʱҪǰ֧ԮѪЫڡ
Ȼõ˴۹ͬ⡣ʮҶʮһ£Ƕ֣ңĴǾʮȫ͸Եġһ죬жʮ֧Ԯʲô˵ֱʮȽ˵ȻʰѪЫڡȫҲֵܵģǣܣȻɶʮǰңƫƫֵܵزʮ𣬱ɱһ
㲻ԼڽҪɱܣҲܳĽЦ
ɵӣ𵱴ҶɵӣŭȻĸƫǴ۹ˡҪǽЩʿѵ·ǻֱӰҵͽˡԣܵǿñšĻʮˣԺƾ۹Ӧǣƫƫֻô΢΢һ¡Ȼȫûȥ֤ܣ֤ʲô
ģôо£
ôһ𣿡Ц
ʼ㲻ţȥȥʱ¡
һ仰ʱ˰Ŀתλϡ˵񽲹¡ֻҪֻҪ˵ǣǾ;ûд
ôᶨ̬˶һۣѵģ
ŵʱҲüȻ֪ǼٵġǣΪʲôһﻹôţѵ֪ںԿ׾ٵĽҴ
λ϶㣬ҲУľȻλ׷ɱŸϡΪŸϾãҪ˵ģȫʵ۱²ҪԸ;
λǲ룬Ҫǲǻʵ۱ȥģɱ˰϶ʮ󣬻һ𣿻ܺúõվ𣿡
ʱѾʼҡˣ
Ͽһۣתͷ󺰵£벻ǣһ֤Σ
˶ʱסа㣬һĿֱֱĿλáʱ˲֪ںá
һֱĬҲ֪Ĭ˶ãȭͷҲţܿĽ֮ɫȻ֪˵ǹΪʲôҵµĻ˵
˶źλõʱ򣬺ڴһϵ鵽ΪֹϷ֮ݻ

һƬȻֱֱĶ㡣ȻʤˡȻֻݻֹ
ŵ˴㵵Ŀ㣬ǲôһֽȻûлشǸ⡣ǣشȫ˾˵ʵ
ô£˽ˣ㵵Ŀ㣬ɻ
ȭͷ΢΢ɣȴĲѡһٺðգǽңӡŮ˵ݡ˵Щŵ۹ʾҪ鶼ȴĻԲ͵۹ΪС
Ǵˣ˼ԣͿ͵۹ʵ۱̬Ҫ˵ԼɳȥģͱʾӦ̸˼һ͵۹ìܾͻʧһɶ
ǣʱûֱӻش㲢ûͬյ˵ϲá˵źܴıʡ
̾һҲû롣Ͼʹ飬̫˺ʼ档վȻǶԷҲһͻֻǣȻ㹻ǻɸΪ񲯣Զ㣬˵ȻΪˡ
Ҳ㵣û뵽˵һ仰Ϻ˵ѣǣΪʲôش
ش˶ᵱˡ
ˣ˿Ȼͬˡ
һļһֹˡŵֹо˼顣
ֻգһȻģЦ棬


537 յĶ
ϿǴЦ㣬Ҳˣζû뵽Ȼһֽ޷ģԭΪֻҪóɱʮ飬Ťתʤٲ֮ء
ǣľٶʮֲ⡣˱̬վһߡʲô˼ѵǱµӡǣһ룬־þ޿ܡ
ߣɣҲű»ӡߣô϶Ĵ㡣ò˶õʱ䣬ͱһʵġʱֻĸң뵽⣬вƽһЩ
ҵԱƵһ졣϶Ц
仰ĵȻͻʵ۵̬ȡ˿ͬĻ֪ûϴӦǾűʵĿܡ
ȻҺӡŮݱˣǾ»ʵ۱̲ǿ
ԣ̬ȣֻϣͬɣ
ں׳Լľսս϶㣬ĵѾźúõŰһҶһһʧȥӡȻһԭǣѾ̫õʱˣڶĴҲӦʱõˡ
֮󣬾Ǿ̨ɢ
ԭΪϷˣ仰˲䶼Ŀ⼯ڰϺϡ
Ҫ
кϷˡ
˵ֻһﵽѵҲʵ
Ȼк

˶ⳡȻܹעı̫죬ǴûмðϳԱǺ뿴ھϣҪȰС꣬ǲҲܸ⡣
ŵĶҲ΢΢㵣ûиոսⳡ棬˾˵ڶ档
ǣųĿˣҲ֪һսɱˡ
һÿλ֣ŵεĿЦһŵʱϾӣʱϰϡûаֹ
ܹҵļҶͲǰϵĶֳԿ𣿡ŵЦſ˵
һЦ漴ҡҡͷôʵʵ춼Կġ

仰˶˳ĬرһȺˣָа಻ѡһŮӣôͱƭˣ
ã֮ҵ㣡ϹЦյĳ裬֮һֻء㣬һ㣬ʲôŽϹŴˡʲôŽ߹󣬼ҶǼҶı䲻֮еĵͼ
ʤ˵ɡýԼԼ͡ЦЦ˵ңҺܻɣҪٰеĵͼҶУ㻹ûȥ
ߣһ뷢
ʼ仰ظܶˣÿһζԼˡ
Ͽһۣ֮󣬻׵ģ
˵֮󣬰û㣬ֱֱߵյǰ
գҡ
Ҫ˵ȣƺ³ܳҲŲʲ壬ҲТĴ󻵵˵
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գҲĻ϶գڶŭˣա
ǣǰһĻȴ˵ɴ۾һŰϵŵĿµ
ž
վȻֱֱ˰һƣ˵ĶһĿɿڴĿա
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ŵ͵ĿŭŮһֱŮǺ˳ģȴ벻Ҳͬ޵һ档
ϿգʵȻоɢɱ֮ſڣϵĻֹסĿһۣ漴תͷ˵һƣҼˣ֮ҪĻ
ҶҾɱ㣡մʱɱ֮ŨѪɱ֮£Ҳܱ治ɫ
ˣǴźЩѪգ˼־֮ɫһסҳŮǵȷѪȡаͽȻ෴ĸоǸо˼飬ôͬʱһϣ
ǣ㿴һĻȴоϽǰץסյ֣˵С㣬ģκβңһѣ㽻ҾУض
ﲻ£ҪǱѪɱ֮ռ壬ֲֳ֪ʲôԸһഺŮһȴײϵɱ
Ȼǰȴ˾ˡ
յ֣յѪŽʧ
ûµģһŪģЦ
ţչһЦЦݾѤǣʱ˲ûֻǵǶ˼־塣
һӣһգŶ㻺˵֮󣬲ɢ
˵꣬ϾȻҲ˵һ仰ֱֱʧ˵С㵱ȻΪǰЭˡ㷴ӰϵпûмʹԼʲ壬ҲТʱ򣬰϶ֻƽŭûֺǵ
һĻһԥɱҡֹ˼еǹ˼˲١֮ľһҪС¡
Сһмֱ£ȻİŵЦУ޵Ƿ·Ŵ۾ʮֵˣҪ˵ĻǶߡ
ŵЦЦתһ˵ôˣǻ𣿡
ЦЦĸ׻˵˾ΪʲôȥߡҪٲȥĸ״˾Ļˡ
ЦЦ˵ȵҾȥ
ĹϵҺʱȥСڴҶ֪ˣȥԵ̫ˡ
ңոձôһԡҪǲȥۡҲԡ
ǾͺãЦ׻Ϊϴ㴳ʹûаﵽʲôԵʣ١ڿûôСǰǵֵܣĸ׵
ĶʱҲǰЦһҶģ㣡
㿴ǰŮˣһԵׯֿһȻһЦĪ֪һϷĻðϷ
ţ
ĶĿ㡣
ȻһЦʱ䣬ҪҪһ棿
Ķʣ棿
ׯټһȺˣһ档ȻһЦ
飬ʱһϽ̬˵Ҳ
ų򣡡
㻹ûվֹһվߣ㻹ʲô㲻棬С棡
ЦãС㣬Ȼ㡣ǣԼ˵ˡԼ
أ㿴ųĶЦ
ĶȻ֪ʲôϷǺȤ˵ҲμӣҾͲμӡ


538 һ
ȻĶȻ˵ȤҲڹĻðϷԺ̸Цһ֮󣬾뿪ˡ
ȻҲ㺮һ֮ʮȡ˿żҶ꣬ȴȫΧžܳһ̲ס̾ҶֵزҲһ־磡޺ˣ
;ǵһЩ˴ͺһȺǰ
ȻѾھˣȴһֱھǡȻǴҹ㣬ȴСھǰ鴦ľ
һڵȻǸˣٲ꺮ůǰ㶪һˣ
ʼ磬漴ƲƲ죬ܴп˼ȶԼԼӺá
һ˼ǣ㳤費ԸҲ
Ҳûٻ̻ᡣסۡ㣬ĵţ˵ŬںϣﵽԪĵز
ǵ취̾һԪһضȥ͸˵֮İˡ
Ŭһ£ں޴£ֻεչ
޷ͻƣҲֻҵձŵŮƵĳţŮԼ㵹ǰȥ¥һ£˳Ĳѵķ׭
㣡
߳׼ȥʱһͻȻ
㶨ۿȥԶվһļˡ䣬Ӳһ־УëֱͦıκԲ򢣬һֱ쵽£̲ס뿴ݡļƣûһϾãֱı촽Լ°ͣһһ˫ĶţҲ֪ɬʲôԭų죬ѩ׵ıҧź´ζ˿ȻĶ
ôˣ㿴Լֹ£ѶԷĸɸɾˣǺЦ⡣
ɣŮ˻ͦƯġֻŮһֱԼ̫̫ӽ
ꡭͻȻЦЦͱŮˣûô
ʼ磬ڨڨЦָָԼĽš
ѼˣϵϼǶ˼֡Ƣȹ㲻ٴΡ뵽Լһֱ㣬ѲЦ
ǰһֱ񣬾úɫǣ־úЦϸϸĵһĻ£ȥԼ⡣ûбģΪԵʡҵõ˼ĸơƫƫʱӴԼĿġ
ôˣѲ˵Ĭʵ˵ѿ˾ͿˣмεġϾѻһɬŮײԼ飬Ҫ˵һоûǲܵġ
ѲŵҪŵѹСˡϾһ쵽Ůˣ
ûʲôȻԼе뷨˵
ǽߣѡ
ûֱӻش𣬶Ǹûٽۡ˼
ҲΣֱӴǰ¥Ҷ˼̻ύѣʱ̻ͰнġҲҪǣҲġ
ʲôطѿǰһ¥ɻ㡣
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ԣȹЩʱ֪ˡˣԺ̻ʲô鷳飬Ұ󡣡Ц
ѵ˵ͷڵ̻Ҷ˼ԷٶšŵҶ̻ᶥʱڵƣѾòʲô˰æˡ
¥㵽㣬ļ˶㹧˵
˵ͷż˵ΰ𣿡
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ǣ߹˵
һݸҪķ׭¥ߣҪж࣬͵ĵ۹ȥ
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Щ߶뿪ָһЦɣҪ
㣡󲻻ɱ֯ɣʵǰҲ˵󣬿ǰվֻţȴȷڿЩ˵ʣоɱȷʵе
˵ͷ˵ҪġЩʱ򣬰ܾͻӵˣʱҪ̻
룺ţԡֻԽ裬ҪλϾĺڰ֯ҪӰ̻̫áر̻ڿŵʱ򡣡
û⡣ЦתѹЦҪʲôҵʲôġɲ˼ңɱ¥ȥɱǣһ˰ˡ
Ѱһۣż֣ҲŲ
ǰżСŮĻѣЦֲǲ֪Ҿ鷳ԲŸһһ˰˵ĺð취
ЦЦ֮˵⻰;˼Ҫ˵仰ѾһźݺݵĲ
ιͻȻѺ
ţɻĿ㡣
ʣûˣ㶢˵
չһЦ˼ɣСҸգ
ҡҡͷ룬ҿˣҰҲˡҪҸҲҪ㸺ԡ
һ仰˲ۿ㣬żδ׼˵
εʼһһʣ
׼ʣѶȵ
ұţ˱ﻵġ˵
ʲô⣿վ㡣
ʱһ˵ɱȫǺ档˽һŮе뷨ûж˼
˵
ǸҾʣ㿴ҺҶ˼ǸûԼǸɶɶʵ
㣡Ҫɱ㣡Ѿһ̫åˣôʳĻ쵰ԼŮ
ҪϽ˵ֻǺ棬ûб˼ģҾû˼ѽ
໵ԼĽţѾѺݺݵĲһ¡۵㰧ŮˣôûһС
㣡ٺ˵Ҳ㡣Ѷ㣬ͬ첼
Ŷίĵ˵ͷҲʾǣûһо𣿡
㣡ҧгݡ
Ͻջؽţٴβȹ
ˣһЦ뵽ʺϣְȥ
ߣһûд㣬ֱߵ⡣
ߵ֮ͻȻֹס˽ŲɻʱͻȻһ΢һЩ
Ŀɿڴҵϣ



539 屶
ΪĺǴ㵵ǡǸϵ̨ʱվ̨ϣֶ˺̨·ںϡŻδȫ̫һһۣѵáƽʲô飬㲻һֱһŵ
һתˣߵ·ЦʱҶȥ֮ǻš
Ȼʱ峿ȴɲ˸ϵ̨¡ͰϵľʹľǣȻ
㿴治ϻӰ뵽ʹûһϢҲ֪ʵ۵ʲôѡãҲעⳡǵ̬Ƚⳡ
˼ЩʱżӰն㶨ۿȥŸϣϣżλھǶЩն̨һҲ˵ֱֱ
ϺλүˡһЩ˾
Ͼѡ˵ͷҲֻ֡һЩˡʥʦЩжһ͵͵Ŀ
пܣҲ֪˭ʤӦðǿһɡ˵ǰµ۴УϹŴ۴УµϹҲ˵һԾء
ҶҲСӰľӣгԿ
Ǻǣô˵ôܺͰϱȡһĽܳھ

۷׷ףվ˿ֱֱվһʱ˿һĻ̲ס̾ҪҪվһʱһǸ顣
Ҳ֪˶ã̫ѾȫˣҫϡҲЩļ밲ôûѵҶɣ
ˣˣ˰żʱ򣬰ڳ˵СһȺϾ˷ӵȺĸÿһ·
ǣϲûߡֱڿնֱֱ䵽̨ϡ
ˣЦſŰϣ·Ƕһ˵Ƶġ̬˴㵣һʲôʱƢôˣ
ϿЦݵüͷ΢΢壬תͷһۺվһգȴŤͷ
ģһһȫʬ
ҡҡͷҪ㣬Ͳȫʬû˵ըʬһ˵Сܵµʱթʬ֣ŵ㲻١

µһĬ˸ǶָʱȻ˼
ˣΪ˲µ㲻٣һŬĴɡֹһӿѹ϶ȥ顣
ЦʵҲԸңϸоƣһҲʵʣֱȥƽһ𣬱һ죬Ϊ֮𶯡£Ʊһɢ
ʵҲҽ棿϶Ц뱻Ļóȫʵ
仰ЦЦٴӿһѾ޽ʵʻ֮ϣɨ£Ѱϵȫ
е˼϶㣬Ц֮ɫһתޣľ޽ϯȥ޾Ͼ޽ŭһ
һŭ£ƻľ޽ʼһؽصĶ̶ʱڣͳ׵ıѿʧ֮С㱻
Ҳ¹һ°ϵʵ˵ϵʵûдﵽ𡣴ﵽҪݻƣ׾٣ҪôһεĴڡȻԪͰֻһСǣȴ֮룬ڵʵͰ֣Ű
ϵʵδȴҪǿ̫࣬ոյҪǿңǿ
ϹŴ۰µ۴ˣȻǿĸǳܱġãδﵽ¾ǴԵʡҪȻ԰µ۵ĿֲôڶûȥܵڶС
˼㱻Էѹƣߵ·˵ͰϽ֣мʤ㣿
·һգ漴˵ʹ㣬˵ɲ
ɲôͣһ
·ͷ⼸쿴˲ٰϵϣеóĽ˵ܣҲɱҪٶȣȰϲ
仰΢΢ġֻҪڰУջΣ
ռ˿չһЦǿҸʲôǷİɡ㲻ܵģ˾Ͱˡȥһǡ
һ˲֪ʲôʣ֪ѪǣɲǺģҪɱȫǶɱ
ǸһʤġûͷżϽ˵㲻˵ˣʤˣɱҲѡ
ʤģֻʤ㣬ҲʤտЦ
ʶȤû˵
̨һˣҲۣһλү˵ԶŴ۴УʵֲƣƽСҪǿ屶屶ͬȼʵǺǣһǵһμŸϣǼͬȼߵʵ
ҲͱƽǿһɶѡŸЦүأ
ǿɰɣǿһɾͺѵˣҪǿһʮѵˡ屶޷󡣡үЦϣࡣʱʵ֪ǿˡ
ЦЦλ֮УŸϾУǿǣʱҲûʲôҫģ屶ͬȼߵʵȷʵ˾ȡ
ԺѰһʶˣû˭ı̬㵱Ҳӣ屶˼Щ֮УҲǰȻĴڡ
ϱϲܶ࣬һսһɵʤ㶼ûСһүЦ
겻ԳǰЩ죬ҲֹϷڣϵķʱˡ˵
ǺǣأǱϾôսʤġŸЦ
ȿɡһ֪ŶôǿʵүЦȻ·磬ܸоһûгȫȻҲûгȫµ۵ƣɲķƵ
˵ͷĿⶼС
ʱ㣬Ѿܿ˰ϵơòϣԪʵҪȻδۺϵǿĶࡣܺͷȴһ
ǰ۶İϣڵӿһȭֱ䰲϶ȥ
֪
ȭͷϵһȭֱֱĺ㣬ϲû֡Ҷ޲ֱɱˡԣһ־ǰԵ
ԹĽǶȳײһ𣬱ȴӿһѪҺѪȶжֱϵ
ðԵŨ˼һ£ƽҪǿıҡԼʵҲǿһҪסѡ



540 
ϵԼ࣡óۣʮֹ˼ɡ
ʵҲսϺһ֮ӿֱֱȼȥֲ棬ɢųȵϢ֮䣬һͷޣ˹ȥ
һе㶯֮䣬һ׵ձ£׵绮ƿռ䣬һɿֱֲڻ֮ϣʱ䣬ܣʯ汻գ
ˣ㻹ΪԵʿ
ǰҶǺ棬˹˫ޣʿ
Ҳ֪ʲôˣȻҵһҶ
ʿǿֻ»ǰϵĶ֡Ÿ˵Ӧͬȼߵ
࣡࣡үͷͬ
ֵزҲܲӦеͳɡҪǵͳֻƽߵǵͳǿ
ţȻ˵ԣ£ͳǿ̶ȺȡҪֻƽߵͳȷʵô㲻ô˫޻ֲ١οʿŸ˵
Ȼǿȴȫޣ޻Ų״ӿȭ֮ϣȭͷֱȥ
ɱ
ŭһᴩޣ޷ֱըŰռ䡣
㵲һУϺһֱ˦һߣһȦתϢܵ¶ֱ
ڵµ˿һĻĿƵĿŰϣĻ裬̾ͬʱ̲סĽ
»֮»𻯼
ŭһռ˲棬뷢һ㣬ȥ֮ɭɱյĿռ졣
ɱۣ
ŭһɱʩչӭЩͬʱӲʩչңαܿһͬʱλã׹סĻ档
»ֵ֮ܵģϺһոֻʼѣһ£֮𣡡
ڰϺ֮꣬УһɹɫĻɻһܵ¶Ȼ
֮ϹŰµԴƷ𣬱Ϊ֮壬֮Ч֮ˣҿʲôס𡣡
ϵĻһ̾һʹɫ档
𰡣ǵƷˣֵܵסģĶ԰ȼյĸɾ
ǻС˰ϡû뵽µΪˣȻôֱƷáȻϹŴۡŸϸ̾
ƷЩ˶ûеõǺǣ벻˼ȴֱ˱˰үЦ
һսܶˣϵʵȼԭͲ٣ڻôս

˿ʧȥĵʱȴЦЦССҲҫѵ㲻֪ʲôİ׵磡еƷ𣬵ǱҶеƷס
ף
ŭһŭ֮£ͶĽĻûף񱩵ϢȻף״ŵԣȴӵľֲ
׻ףгһ޴ɨ֮䣬ռ𵴡˶㣬дż𺳡
ôܣ϶վһɴ۾Ŀе
ﲻͬ׵Ϊؿ񱩵ģų췣ҲΪ⣬֮ϡƷ׾µȵģҲƷнף߽׵Ķǿ
ĳǵƷףȴֻ
ǣⶫȻϼһôҵģⶫ֣˻ȥ
оȣλүʧʱһطΪľһⶫɵпĶʱصϢǣ򱻼ǿĴߡ鲻֮
û뵽ǣȻЩǿжסôģ
ûܸͣɨ֮䣬񱩺Ϣ׺䰲϶ȥ
ϼеɫżأڵһ֮𣬺һ
䡭䡭
һвϣռ䲻ϵıѿһѷ죬Űռ䡣
˿һһ׵Ľ棬۾գһ£ֱֱĶաĽ棬Ǵûмʶ
ͬסеԴϣܰѰѹ
䡭
֮ϵɲϣλү̾һȻ֮еİסǣϾʹޡս൱ǰϲټȴûʲô仯Ҫܡ
ţ治֪ô׵ġʵƷף
ǹֵģǰƷףҲǾһ
Ǻǣбİ취ɡ

̸ЦʱоԼѹԽԽ󣬰ϱԽԽֲصİ֮𣬶üҪյ
۶Ԫ
ŭһһŭ֮£ڰϵͷϣںϣ
Ԫĳֱ֣ܴͨϣ֮ͬһն𣬿ռ䶼ճѷ졣
ϳȫˣ˿Ű϶һ˾񣬶ֱֱĶŰϡ˭֪һÿһǴֱӳȡ󡣿ǣȴҲʮɵȻǲսȥҪֱӰɵ
㿴һĻһ۶
ĺ£ͷҲΨȻƣȴδںϡ
ͷ龰һɴ۾Ŀ㣬رŸһˣžɫȻδԪôܣδԪȴͨԪʵ
ܣܴﵽԪʵƿֲˡôλҲ
ȷʵûںϡں֮ǲܷɢġںϣѭ໥ԪʵǡǣǷɢġ
СôģδԪľ磬ﵽʵѵΪƷԵʣ
ǵƷҲӦ˿ֲܴﵽѾ൱ˡ

о޷ΪʲôԵʡǵȻ²⵽ΪɵͬࡣŨʵ
ȻҪ֪ҲĽ㣬ֻÿϧΪҪԪ֮ѡ
һδԪˣҲҶʶһ£ʲôԪ϶㣬ͷתת֮䣬Ļ汻˦˳ڱ˦ʱоһļ±鲼ȫ



541 ۻ֮
֮Ϊâ壡ŭ
ڰϵĺ£һն𣬻֮ߣɽһ㣬շѹȥ磬ɢųȵ¶ȣӿϯܶȥΧۿˣ濾Ĵ죬һٵĺˡмʵߣֵˡ
͡ŷЩӴĻӶͬɽĻ津Ƶģ˷ֱȥʯ쾪֮
ˮ޺ۣŭһǾʩչˮ۴ո֣ƵͬӣֱǹɹɻȥڵĴˮŴºͣͬҲˮڵĿ񱩣ʮġ
Ϩ
ˮͻĽ棬Ϩ֮ͬʱռҲˮˮյĻˮ˵ߣˮڵֻһ졣
ˮӿϵı죬ֲ𶯵һЩ˶Ĥʹ̨֮ϣĻˮ䣬ɣΪ֮
㴺ˮܵס֮󣬼ֱ롣ЦһǴŲм֮⡣ָһ㣬ɽĻй£ֱֱĺ͹ˮһ
ˮ޺ȻǿǱϾƷͬˮɱĴˮպ濾Ŀٵȴ
ﵽԪٺսɣڻҵĶ֡Цվڡ
ǿδأЦǾǧ
ĺ£ָ㶯Ĵˮ˲仯ı⣬ẮϢӿɢŹɹɺ⣬ֱӭȥ

ȶ˲ӿ쫷磬쫷Űǹɹˮɾһ㣬ֻеǿ񱩵ɱ
ˮ޺ۺͱǧϣǿסԷкµĻ档
ܵסãϼĹƱסЦһָ㶯ԭкµĻ棬ʱȴݣٴϯ촺ˮĺʼ
𣡡󺰣ڷɶҲָܲ㶯λãһɭɫȻֻһ㣬һ֮£˲䱬ʮɵľ޴񱩣׺𣬶ʱռ䱬Ϊ֮𵴡
ƣһֱȥݺݵϣһңһ˶ĤأҲ׵漤䣬л飬һ̻һ񱩵Ŀռ䡣
ͰԶս񱩵Ŀռ䣬ɷХ˵
϶˼֣ǰȻʵԶǣ˫ݵŵƷ׵ȻһƷ
ҺûдﵽԪҪȻԼκεЩҡδԪľʵҪĴﵽ֪ﵽεȲΡ
ͬļ£ԷʩչƷԼȴƷǿˡϹŰµ۵ĴУֲѹϹܳĴ֮һ
ΪϹŴ۵ĴˣȻֻôһʵԣǴʮ־
Ÿ϶ųƮˣͬ𺳡Сʵսֱ˼ر㣬δﵽС塣
ԵڰһεʵͰսôã԰ˡ
ϧδﵽԪҪȻһսʤˡҲ̾һ
ûп㵽ʲôͳոʩչУűӰӡǱʦҪĴд㣬¶ȻܲĵǣΪʲôûвүɻʵ
ӦòǱĴУֻǽ˭ĴСֲĸսϹʱҲָȻЩ̬⡣
ȿɣܻ¶һߡŸЦ
ûеͳҲ˵ͻȻ
ôܣŸЦûеͳѵ㻹һҶԼʵʮʹﵽֵزѾˣзˣ
ЦЦҲûзԼ룬Ҳòܣ
սˣһʪܵ·һЦáǿûпȫʪܵģһȴˡĿƵĶ̨ϣʱܵŰƽϢˡ
µ֮ƣأ԰µ֮Уµ֮
ŭȵϣһƱӿһʱžµϣ٣ɨ˼䣬κһӴƵˣоĵֵơǾˣЩ˾סڵϣΡΡĤݵ
һĻΪֻ֮ǰй¶һ˿˿ֲǴĵ㣬ҪԺεȿֲѹ
ϵƼգشɽһ㣬ʯѽ֮ӿϣۻʰԵޱȡŰһƱӿƣвò̾ٲſ֮УΪǿƵһҲѹַǮɽǰȻԱ
ȷʵʱ
գڰµ۵֮£
ЦһССİµۣҲҫȵ֮ƣǻԶҶ͸ǡʲôĵۻʣ
Щڱ˿Ǵ治Ƕ˵ʲôϣ֮ƵĲ˶Ȼľ㻹бϹŴ۸ǿĵ֮ƣⲻ˵Ц
΢۾¹𣡡
ĺ£һ΢ͼ֮ӿɫƣͰµ۵Ļƿ⣬ĵ֮һֱڱǡ£ɨϰ˻ģ£ĪҲ֮ҡ
ƣ
ŭһڵۻ֮ϣ㲻κһˡ˭ȵϻͳϵۻʣӵ΢۾
ʵ簲ϣǱȫŰ
Ԥϵ΢ۻ֮ӿµ۵ƾһȴ
һĻϵкȻµϹŴۣȻû޵֮Ǵ۵ȴɣûҲһֵܵġǣһ˵ƣȻȴ
΢ۻʣ΢ۣϹʱڣһλֲĴĵͳ˶ɻ
ǣ飬ͨģ
ϸܵɺɨİ˺ϵƣҲȻѣӰһܿƣ˫ֻȭֱɨؿڡ񱩣
ңʩչܿһС
ٶȵͦġϧȴԶˡϼܿһٴα·ס
Ҫܣ㵲ס𣿡Цǲм֮⡣˵꣬ҡϣ޷ĽǶȣܿ˰ϵĹ
ϼܿŭһ֮ʥʥþ
һ仰õһƬȻһϽ˶ʥȻõʥ޷ļܣŹ֮˿ʱ˼ͬ飬Ҫϲþˡ


542 ΣڵϦ
ڰϺ꣬ϣʱӿ˹ȵĻ棬һԺһСɽĻ棬ȻŨһָСо۵СĻ棬ôֲ
ǵص۶ȥƵġʱĿռ䣬Ѿ㲻ƽˣȫŤģϱΧһ㡣
̨泹ûϱƣúܶ˾ĲΡΡһŻֵİϣͲ꣬еĲ
ɲۣ۳һӰӰΣȫǻŨɣʹֻǿһۣܸоеĿֲ
գҾ֪ǲ¼ҫġ
ȫڷɣɱ⣬ռ䡣
Ӱʱͬ٣ɢ˵ĿϢ֮е֮𣬿ٳ죬޾ƴɢ֡
ֲ龰˲ŷ֮ƣɢ˷кȻ룬ʥƷ
Ҳо԰һս֮ˡĶ֣ﲻɿ㣬ȴ㰲Ȼվһ仰Ҳ˵ͬ

һָһ㣬µӰ㸲ǶȥסһֱֱĶ㡣
΢۾Ϊ
ĺ£һǿĲǰγɣǰָֻһ㣬ӰŰϵӰӭȥ
䡭
һ죬ֱо嶼ѣչâһѷڶϵĸ֣֯һڵ˵ߣ̨֮ϣʯ𣬱յʵķ顣
ҫ۹âУ˶۾ֻʣ¶дݿľ졣
˲֪ãо޷㻹ʲôֶξȻܵסʥѵҲʥƷɣ
ռڷѣžӨƬϵĵգ漴ʧ
Щ󵨵۾ǰһĻȴǴͣǰԭƯĽǶͻˣֻʣصʹСһӡ
һڣɻĻҳ衣
˴ĿűƻĿռ䣬кȻʵѾԶԶСӦеʵ
ʹŸϣʱҲȻĿųУʹҲһܺδĽˣС
һƬ˿ˣ㵥࣬ǻѪֱ۴ѪҺ䣬Ƥڶ¡
ҲİϣȻֱҲǿ״̬ȴöˣֻ԰׵Ҳͬܡ
һսǿˣ㻹һǣû˸Ц㡣һδԪȴܺһ˱̬ʩչʥ߶԰ˡ
ǣվڵȼڶԷϡ
ֳվһϵѪҺȾ죬ͼ֮е΢ϵӿڡΪ޸ıļλࡣ
΢۾ȻȰϵʥϾϣʹֲȴҲֲĲࡣսֵزѾܲˡ
㣬һһսֻҪȻѹϡ
ү˵ͷսϣɱ˰϶ʮھǣϷ裬̨ϣڰϵʵսֵزһˣѹˣ
ϧºڣ˭ҲҲⳡ̾һҪȻʱ£ֳʤˡĿţ۹ࡣ
Ǻǣ㲻۹˻˵ŸЦĻŶֻɡõȱ±̬
үЦЦɶ̫ˡֻǲ֪Ϊʲô»δһ˵
ϣӹһٰɣ̾һӱĽǺϲġֻǣ֪굽ʲôŵȻ֪ȴ
˵ʱ򣬰һ㣺˵ǼԶɲգҾնɱ㡣㣬Щ˵ϲսġ
ϱѪɫһͷƣȫ
ߣΪܷס𣿡ϺߵҾͳ
˵꣬ϵİ֮ڱӿնȥ
ʱ㣬޿ɱܡֻܿʼ
㣡д󾪣飬Ļͳ׵Ļٵˣ޿гɾ͡
˸׼ȥȴһƵסǣȻΡȴܿһ
˴󺧣û뵽һû뵽ԼˡѵҪɣ
뵽⣬ﺧȻҪ˵Ļڽӡ
˰żʱ򣬰ȴЦգʼڵػ£ʼһıȡɫԽԽѿ
˼ˣЩ˲̵Ťͷһ˵ɱܡ
һɹɵϳȡͷʱϢҲʼ
ճȡʱҲȻû뵽Ȼȡһɹ룬֮⣬źһ㡣ֱǷ˼
ѹδԪľ磬ȴԪʵԭŨʵЦ
ڵӿҪϵգǴʱѾ˵㣬Ŀ
˼ˣոһȻס˴һ塣ӦĳѪλ˰ɡ£㻹𣿡Цҳȡɡ
ڷЦǱӿѹȥѹ£Ŭ˲䱻ɢ
߹㣬
͡
һѹֵѪҺ³˵Űдżֺҹ
ϾҪΪˣҲҶҴȣϺһѹһܶ
ڵӿֱֱӿֵŰϳȡ
ϣס֣̲סȵ
յŭȣеŨǲϵգ֮䣬ǲϵıȡɫԽԽס
ûУס֣ŭŰϣ۾Щ죬ɭ䡣
ˣһ̲סһ׼˵ʲôȴһѹ£ӿѪֱƻȥ
ߣϼնŭȣŭ֣ڵϵӿնȥգ쳣İǣŮ˾ȻΪһҶȳΪҶһơ
Ķ㣬ĳȡڳȡͬʱɫԽԽ԰סͬʱϢҲԽԽ˶֪ʵڷ½ԵʡȥܿҪָ֮ٵǣ֮һˡ


543 Ԫ
ڶԷķ£ϵıȡģϢԽԽϿȡĲˣеЦŨ
Ұոɾȥ֮Ķ㣬𲻶ϵӿҪװε
ŲкȻ쳣˼Ҳ̲ס̾һһܳľٵˣȻӢš
𣡡ŭһٴȼն
գҪʱеӡȴ͵Ľŭһƣ
ŭ£紹һ㣬ϱһɿֲӳķСֻ·ȼ
˲ȼյ·ֳöһԣеӡԽԽ졣
عⷵնѣ
ϼȻЦһ˹ȥҪٴ㡣
ĺ֮УΧʮ׭Щ׭Ȼȼգһֲ׵磬ֱ䰲϶ȥİѰϵ
Ϊ׭𣿡ϱܿЩ׭Ĺվ棬Ц
ͻȻЦ˭㣬Ҫ÷׭ˣҶҪ㣬лһ֮ѡ
˵꣬һӡԻΪģںϣ϶ΪһԪ
Ĵȣԭ֮ϵʼѸٵںƬ̼ͺ϶Ϊһһ塣
һ֮Ϣʼķӿ
˿һĻ㶵Ķ㣬˷Ӧɴ۾Ŀ˵ȻϵĵƷ֮ۺΪһ塣
ӣһӣдһٶôðգ˭֪Ҫûгɹǵȴľֻ
һôľٶ㶨ˣһ֮
Ƿӣðպöˡ

˶㣬о˼顣һģʲô취Ҳɹʼ͵İ취
λϺүҲ͵Ŀ㣺굽ʲô취ﵽԪǹ󵨵ġ
Ȼɹˣһˡ
ɹĺܣոձϳôҪһʱģںȶδҲֻڵѣһͨߵĳԪ֮Ȳϡʲô壿
үĻλһ㶣ոŨڵŨ̶ոյķ֮һﲻﵽԪΣǱոջҪ١ȥֻоϱȸոոߣһôûСȫǵòʧ
ϧˣôĸȻٵˡԺͨ߶ȲˡŸ̾һϧ˵
е㣬Ѿۺһˣ֮ϡ
ԭۺŭ⣬ǿǿĶ֮ǴżЦݡԪͨ߶Ȳϣ׾ʰﵽԪΣ
ͲָոձȡۺﵽԪΣǴ
˭㣬ۺûˣ˭㣬Ҳ˲䲹رȡЦЦ֮䣬Χʵʵ֮У֮еȻʼĻָ
ȻѾȡ˺ܶ࣬ﵽ֮ʱھ֮Щ֮УҲתҲΪʲôԵУָܻԵʡ
ԣֻҪûȫ룬ȫɲȻǰ㹻Ϊ䡣㣬Ҳ˿ϧġǿһطһοҪҴﵽԪ
ƫƫ㲻ͬľ˲ܲľ֮תɱ
ԣоͳ˶ĿɿڴһĻֻ㱻ŨһֱֱĹ䵽֮УƷ
ôŪôѵϻеΪɣ
ԣӦЧ
ϺүֱֱĶ㣬ͷŻȡⶫȻﳣһЩҲǺҵġ벻ȻӵУѹںˣⶫڰڣ㡣
Ͽܵɫӿһȭݺݵĺ˹ȥҪո۵ȫɢǣᣬңʩչܿ˰ϵĹ
Ҫ򣡵ȱҶԪ˵ЦЦгޱȣԭΪδﵽԪͷۣ벻ϰһѡ
൱ľһߵﲻʲôǰϲͬŵƷԣ֮
ȻԼյĵƷһٰں
ϵĵƷͬһУԭֵУΪǵĸ˶ϽŶֻʣһãȻҪеһߡԭĸΪҲΪһˡʱ򣬲ĴﵽԪ
ڴﵽԪ֮Ϊǽ϶ֶϽţʱ룬ȴѾˣΪˮѾںһˡ
ӺͰϾʱǣʱƵʱ㲢ûʮɵİաΪ̫ҪǰϵƷʱȲͲѰϵУʹϵǿܶࡣ
ǣȴŵƷͼƻôһĻ֮ԻΪڲǿںõƷȣͬʱѹȣðںϵȫںϣﵽԪĵز
쵰ܿϳŭˣȫбȳøջԣһбأҪոںϵ顣
ǣңκεȿֲܰᣬӰܿһ
ʱѾںϣѾﵽԪҪľǷָﵽ塣
ڱĹ˵ܱʩչǣڵ˵ⲢʲôľһȻȻõ㡣
ϢͬʱҲĻָ֮ϵԽԽŨ񣬶֮ϣֱ񷡣
ͻȻŤתһĻ˶ЩӦɫŹ֡
ֱһѣǺųƵ۹ΪܳĿţ
δαܿŭˣŭһһλóһѾ޸ͷɢļµ
Ʒ
Ÿ϶ŰеľƷĿ⿴㣬ⶫ֣ϵʵҪǺܶࡣ
ԪɹΣ


544 Ʒײ
һһȵƾֱȥ磬֮һҪǺ㣬㲻ܳ׵ĺҲܸһ˺ҪﵽԪҲһѡ
һĻԭϲҲ˾ɫ΢䣬㡣
һգ۾ۿҪ֮ϣͻȻſڴȵҡֱϾ
Ĵȣһֲ˼ٶȣӵֱնûнκһ㣬䵽Уǲ˼ġ
˵ľ֮̾Уڷʮ֮ߣıܿһͬʱҲڷڲϵ
ϼܿһĿҲ͵һֱֱĶ㡣ϣȻҡԶǣȴͬҡϡ
Ʋϱϸ˽ġҪǲﵽԪԼҪԸˡո֮ʱ򣬾ֻǱһࡣﵽԪ϶Ҫǿ
ƾôû㣬ǵ˷͸ˣ
֮쾪
ŭȣ֮ϣһѾ޴ĸͷͷȫ۶ɣͷڵλúݺݵ˹ȥ޸֮ճһѷ죬ѷͬſѪڰ㣬Ҫɽȥ
ͼ΢ǣǺһƣ
ŭ֮£ͷȻһͼŹɹɵӿǣһ޴ıͼľ޸ӭȥ

һҵײ֮𶯵ĿռΪ֮𵴡ǣǾ޸ȴ棬˿ܴ
еҲǿүͷͼλ˵ھƷ
˼Ǻǣ£ǻôȣŸϴЦ
ϼ鸫ס͵һᣬҪͼ𿪡ͼĹǺǿڷϣȴƿֲɰκͼ˿
ڰϺͼͬʱȴڷͼ֮ʳĿֲͷҲһִȡ
˺ܾãʱڣһֱϵĺͼһ£ͼͼڳѷ졣
ųֵѷ죬ŭһȵƣ
һ£ͼûѣͼСϵľ޸ҲݺݵԴ
Сģ·󺰵
˿Ҫ޸ʱ͵һӿͼ֮У漴ͼ֮бһ;޸ײһһײ£ź浹ɳȥ˾޸ĹΧ
лˣվڰ϶洦Ц⡣
ͷʱͬΣ֮仹кХ֮ϵðͬλӿȡϺףԲﵽС壬ʱľһ
ֵ˰ɣ۾Ű˵ǶֱӶս
ϺһȻ˻㲻ѵһ㲻ɣ
㵹Ǻô㡣ЦȻ֪ΪʲôҲˣͬ죬ƴþͱȵù㣬ΪκεҲɣ
ȵ֪ˡϴʱ˼֮ɫֻȴ䣬ߵ
ոմﵽԪоڵһƵĵĸо
Ԫںһ𣬾ศɣ֮ǰڶǿҪս֪֮
ϼһȭֱֱĺҲ㵽Ŷǿܣʵӭ㡣

ȭͷ޻εײһ𣬿ǰĽȴúܶ˶ɴ۾
͡
һѪҺ˳ӵɳȥڵ滮һԶľ룬ȶ
˿Žһȭİ˵㣬һĿɿڴʲôʵϹŴ۵ĴСǣһ˾ȻѪ׶󣬴ﵽԪͿֲ˵ز
˶Ŀ⿴ҲȭͷоȡӸոյϵǿһʲôǾ˵ƽСʮ
ʮͬЩӦ
һȭİѪҪһڰϵʵǾ˵ʮƽߵŸϵɴ۾Ŀ㡣
ܣϹŴۣҲû˵˭СǱʮġ˱֪ļޡ⻹ǵ֮һҲĴڡǣƽСʮǲܵģү˵
ǣôһȭİѪŸʵ
ү㶣㣬ֱֱĶŰϡüͷѵʵɣѵ;Ũֵز
ζ뵽ͬŨ񣬶ÿһŨ̶ȶҪǿƫصһ
Ǻǣ벻ȫˡڵҪûʲôֶεסˡЦ
ϵĻ㶣Ŀ⿴㣬Ҳڴǿһʱ㵲˰ϣһѡǿϣǰʲô֣
ĨһǵѪҺ벻ʵԡǣⲢʲôܰ㡣
ܰңóʵʱ򶼲κεңѵھκҲɣЦ
ܲκ㣬Ҫ֪˵꣬ӿһͷޣצ˹ȥ
ֶΣҲ̫һ㣡Цʧ֮ǲмһȭʮɵӿâֱ޶ȥ
顭
һȭ£ֻ˲˿Űɣ
һУոյֻޣһȻը죬ը£֪ʱӰѾˣһȭֱ̺̽ؿڡ
ùĹ
оȴòִٵȥĵҲɳȥ
ۿİϣ΢΢üͷǴ۴ˣҪƽˣһоĵˡһУڶûзְôôġ
ϼȻһУͬƽǴطʮֲһСǣһжֻǸһС鷳ѡķӦٶȣȷʵʮ־ˡ
ٴʩչһУЦ֮ǰһֱ㹥ὲƽ⣡ֵˣ
˵ָ꣬㶯һͬʱһ׵ҲŰϳȥ
ҵҪεסϣգֻһ;㶢ŰϺȵ
㻰£һ׵ͺϵΧλãҪһٰܡ


545 ƴ
ɣ׹Űռ䣬ϯ϶ȥ֮׵أϢ
йµĿֲ׵磬ֱ˦һػ֮һס
ֶΣҲκβңЦǴżֲмƷȫεķסĽ׵类׵ĵסǰͨĹκβ
һѵ֪Ҷ𣿡
˵꣬ʱŹɹȵ׵ڱӿһ޴񱩵Ϣֱ䰲϶ȥ

һײϵ͵ס˲ͱķ飬䡣ǿǿǰôĶ֣
ϱĵɳȥٴɹѪҺϵҲ׵Щڡ
㲻Ҫɱ㶢ŰϹЦ
϶ǰŵӰеŨĿ΢΢յתմʱ¶ϲ֮ɫŭա
ŮˣһֱԼĽǣʱȴվڱһ߶ԸҪҲͰˣӣ̫ˡǣܵľȻһҶһҶֻսϽְˣ鳡ϰˣǶȾ
Ķ㣬ʱٰȥˡһսһҪʤһһϡ
뵽⣬ϽȭͷһϢȻʼȼգͬʱ֮ҲһѪҺѪҺסĺ濾ĺ濾£ѪҺ֮бȫ뵽ϵС
֮طѪ֮ŭȡ
ڰϵŭ£ȫһѪ죬ΧĿռ䱻𵴵졣
ǿطϿŰϣܵϲϢдżأٶȣϵʵܴܿﵽ
֮ͳµ࣡ڣѪҺ塣
ڰϵٴδ£ڰϵͷ֮ϣһž޴֮࣬䣬𵴳ĶĤѣ𵴴ͬشݺݵĻϣѪء
֣ҲĵѪ
ǲ࣬㺧Ȼѣ˿ֲô
㾪׼ѵʱȴɫҰףӡһᣬǿཥڣʧ
һˣϴʱʵȫҲˣôصǰϵܳܵסġ
ǣˣǿ໹һѪҺ֮Уָһ㣬һѪҺȫԺ֮С
һѪҺ룬ϵ籼ڵĽһ籩սһ㣬նɢƱˡ
Ʋͬʱ㵭˵µ۴УĲƸڰµ֮ġµ֮Ĳǰµ۵࣬ǰµڴ޽ʱ򣬰ȫľ֮һࡣ࣬ŰµһǵͳĸȻ޷ȫµࡣǾеһѪҺҲɱˡ
˵Ķ棬һ͵ĿŰϣرŸϵˣҲż־塣ףϹĴۣźֲֿ
һѪҺͰѰϰŸϸһ°ϵƣܿͷ֣ϵҪԶԶǿǸոհԲѣϴʱнװĳ̶ȡ
ˣ˭ʤ˭ܻ˵طͬŴãҲܰʵ𡣡һλү˵
ڣ²ȻﵽԪǲһʤϡϹŴ۵ͳˣôܶԸġŸ˵
˼򶷣пͷ˶ˡ
Ȼÿһ˶˽⣬ϴʱϢǵֵزһʱ׶༪ˡοϵϢ
ﵽԪΣӲһ϶Ц
Цһ᲻˵ģЦ㵱ﵽҾκβܵҾͲܵ𣿡
˵꣬ҲıһɹɨأͰƶƷͥУһΪߵĽ治ϵı俪
˿Ȼͬطһ͵Ķ㣬ֻһЩ˽ˣû̫ľȡ
ǹȻˣ찡ӳԪֱˣͨİ𡣡
治ǵ۹Ϊܳſֱ޷ġ
ɣ˼ԽԽÿˡ

۷׷ףϼϢҲڱǣһҲ⣬ϾҲ֪㲻¼
ɱٰǿߣ첻֪ܲɱ㡣㶢ŰϣǴżЦ⣬ɱ뷨ɱİҪǿҵĶࡣ
Ҳˣϵ˵Ȼûֱɱ𡣿ǣͰΪɱĵһ
˵꣬ϵֱֱĺֱֲɨѿһ졣
СƶѣЦһץİɹץУ˦֮ȫɢ
ϼɢһ۾ʱҲ㵽ŶôǿΪ˱һҧӡ㶯֮䣬ӿһѪ⣬Ѫ֣ܵȫ֮ӿȥƱǵʱ򣬰ϵҲ΢׳
н׶ˡŸϴĿŰϡ
ҿκҶģֻҪǿ㣬Ͳ㡣οҲ˽⵽طʱ޵ƣֻҪס㣬ʤ
ȻҲʱƵġֻΪŰµ֮ĵԵʡֵʱԳþãȻ֮ĺ֢Ҳء
ŰϴﵽнףЦѵ㲻֪۱Ҳɱ𣿶۱ʴﵽ߽ףҲûܷʲôˣȻұط
ЦϵٴαڣٴαܿͳнףŸ߽׽
۱ɱģ˵ۿ㣬۱˻мġѴ۹ȻԭΪܿͻᱻ۹ˣû뵽վȽŸˡ
һ˾Ȼɱģ˵Цɣ
˻ɹ黳ɣȴ٣ܿʹﵽ˰߽׵ʵ
һĻ㰲ǿǿھϻҪѹһѡǻˡ
϶㣬ܵѹЩѵϢ̲סһҧѸոհµ֮еѪҺȫʱʮ£һҲܼ뵽ϵ֮С
ûõģطôаµ֮ģʩչطȲҡ϶Цԣ㻹ɡ
µ֮ģǿ𣿡ζʮ㣬˶ֹһϲռ֮


546 ۾֮ս
Էʵܶɶѹܽµ۵ҲܽϵڽϣҪѹǲܵ顣ǣǿ
ȻǲʵģԣƴһʼϾͰˣǿԭҪǿϾǾġο㻹ӡ
ʱ㣬㲻ӡҲȫʵ
Ȼϲ䣬ҧϵľ磬׷
ʱоͳ˹ŹֵһĻڳе˲ٴˣǷŸԵľ磬Ʋϵײ档
ʲôԣ˶ǻûмıԣԾ磿ⲻ˵Цһ˵ľ
ǣϣƵģϵ
ɵˣһ㶵Ŀ̨ϵˡ
ȫ
˼ͷһμԵġ
Ҳ֪ܰѾʲôΡ
Ҳпͷɱɱʶˡ

۷׷ף̨ϵˡϺүͬɫƽҪһ㾳ǧѡǣͰϵľ磬ʱﵽ˰𶥷塣
Ÿ룬ʵ˽֣ܶʤ١󱲣ѾԶԶˡ
Ͽ㶼˿ʵеŨȴҲѡʵȫΪµ֮ĵԵʡǣʵΪʲô
ҾͲţܵסµ֮
ŭˣڵҲ̲סȻھϽ㣬Ǿֻܶðµ۵ͳôһҪɷ
µ֮ģԴ֮֮ɽΨҶ𣡡
ڰϵĺ֮УӿǰĳһµӰ
Ӱŭ
֮䣬ӡʵʣӰγɵͬʱһ㣬һΨҶƺᵴ߳ܲסѹֵɫҰףĵ˳ȥ
Ӱ֮߰󣬶أһӰʱصһ㡣
Ÿһ˿һĻͬ𺳣ȻӰƲǶǣǻֵܵǹɺɨ˻һİһֻԶʱڣ²ưɡ
㱣ʵʹһѹȥһɫӡǿǿܵססƣ
΢ǣۣ֮΢ۣ֮£Ϊ֮ãԾ֮ƣ³
˶ͬʱ㵭ĺȵ⵭ĺ֮УǰҲһɫӰγɣӰһ֣µƾͺɨͰµӰΨҶƲͬǣɾµƴǸʣ
ǣƫƫƣȴĵס˰µӰĹ
ߣϼ㵲סĹһŭһµ֮𣬻ӡӡħ
ڰϵĴ֮У֮ϣµӰɫҫ۵ӡӡǵһ㣬ħƣշѹ£ʯ쾪֮صĹâӡľ޴ڵ
Żɽ֮İȥ˿һ̶һĿռ䣬ֱֱĶ㣬ȴһĽɣҪûеסһӡǱ⡣
΢۾ΪΪ
Ĵ֮£ԭֻӰȴɴЦգɽ壬ء
˾̾ģǿհµӡ̲ס̾ɽ壬Ҳܱķ顣

ӡİ΢ۻʵľ޴ӰϣԭΪһӡܰӰСѡ˲ŵǣһ£˿ûӰһ˿ӰǶء
ƣϼ״һָһ㣬һѪ⼤䵽ӡ֮УӡٴαǣӰݺݵİȥҪһٰ۳Ӱѹơ
ҲƵǵΪڣЦһϴ֮б
£а
Ĵ֮£ӰٴαŽӡ˹ȥһ֮£ӡڿգ漴͵
˿űѿĽӡһۿǰ޴ɫӰдž֮ɫɲĽӡȻͱˣʲôУֲֵز
ŸһҲǰӰܵǹɾµĲƣһۡ˶Էеľ֮̾ɫ
ȥһҪ̽һ£΢۾ʲôͷǲĵõĵͳ
ϼӰƿӡкȻѣܣܣ֮ӡӡħôܱӰƣ
ǧ粻ԸţǽӡƷɵϵȴòţŬƽϢɶ𵴵Ѫ
΢۾ŭ
ŭһŭ֮£ǰӰĻһ޴ɫƣɫŰϰȥͰϵĽӡɫƾҪ͵Ķ࣬ƣΪ֮泩
ʵƣȴɱ¾֮£رˣ̲סֹ⻹ʺ㣬ӻƷһֱİá
Ȼ㲻֪ʲôʱָ㶯һ䵽޴ɫӡ֮УҪѰϳĨɱˣһСҪźϵİټ΢۾κβ
ˣɳʮֿµģĵˣĨɱҡס
ɱģŸϼӡİȥźǵ۹ĺѡˣôðϾˡ
Ҳ뷨ֱֱĶŰϡдżѾסһˣĽӡˣʲôסǿһС
գҾɱ㣬ҶҲǲġȵָһ㣬ɫƸǱ£ҪѰϰ¡
ͷѹɫƣд󺧣ʱﻹסĴУСǰҲףҲԵסֲĴС
Ҫܿȴе·ɫӡǣӣûеطӣϵϣڳ˼־š
𣡡
ӡҪڰϵϣǾʱһѰϯߣմһӰӣҲɫƵĹΧ
ɫӡİȥӡڵϣʱһ¡졣ҲҡվȵͬʱǺȻһĻǵǰһ޴İӡϵıѹȥǰһԽɣʮľ޴ӡ
һĭǰӡо˼顣˰𡣸ոӡŶôǿ
ǿ𵴣¶־塣



547 Χ
ǰľ޴ӡԼӡİϡ΢΢üͷ漴յ˵¼ȻˣǺαزһ
ĻŻȻĿ⿴ϣΪңû֣Ҫѹ
Ļû֣һ˵½ľٶˡ
˵仰ͬʱӰһͻȻŰ˹ȥϯݺݵĺ϶ȥٴΰѰϺ˼
ǰҲ֣ոһбܲһȴܿһգϣ뿪һѷ죬ѷɢ˵ļ֮ơ
һĵҲףոն΢۾ʱɱ˰ϵʱ򡣿ڣɱϣҪ鷳ˡȻٳԵڶο
ŸϵһľͰϴ򶷵ʱǵĶȴ΢΢˶ߴ⼸ɫŹ֣һ㣬Ƭ֮󣬼˶һۣڵ˵ͷ̨֮ȥΧģ
ܵͻȻѹԼϣһŸϼ˺ȵλǸʲô
ʵھһǼҲ뿴ܲսʤǡŸϿЦӴͽ̡
һ仰ĵһĿ⿴յһѵͻʵѡִҪƽȥ׼ɸΪ񲯣
ɣֽǶ㲻ġ
뵽⣬㲻̾һ룬ôáҪߵĻ֮ǰƶˡң֮ΪĶ
ǾһλаɡҲź⣬Ȼѡ񣬾ͱԼº֡ͬʱĵţβѾǡҪǻʵۺҪԼ֣Լô죿
ҪԼ£ҿ϶ҵ۹鷳ǣԼˣ۹ˣк塣
ЩʱŸϵĹֱֱĺ㣬Ե񱩡
ҲûʲôģҪĿ껹ǵ⼸ˡڻʵǱߣûֱӳ֣ͻл֮ء
ָ㶯׵绯˵ĺһͬʱ֣㵹֮Զ㱻ɵͬʱٴκ
浱Һ۸ɣŭһڵ׵磬һ𣬺ݺݵӭˡ

ֱֱĽ֮Уһ֮ĵס˵Ľ
µ˿һ㣬ҲһĻͰϾôɸϺүΧˣ
˿һ֮סλĴڣһ־Ѫڡ
湻ǿģȻƾһ֮ս
Ԫѡǣȴܱ
۹һ˵ͷ֮

˾֮̾ϣĿƵĿųУҪһս˭ʤڴ㻹ʤϾ˭Ը漣ĳ֡
䡭
ȭٴκ˺һ𣬿ֲ˳ȥλҲͬɡ
˿ǰ㣬кȻǵȻǰĲΣǱȴ˵ӵĳ̶ȡԣԸ֮ƹ㣬ȴǱ㵲
ΧȥҾͲСܳ˫֣ǶסŸϺһʮɵӿֱֱĺȥֱֲҪ㳹׵ĺ顣
ŸϵĻ£ԼĽǶȣֱ̽Ҫλá
Сƶѣ
Цڵ׵籬ӭϣͬʱгһϣջһۼݺݵĿŸϺһ֮£ѿѷ죬ļµŸɫһӰܿһСܿһеͬʱЦһҵҽһأ
Ÿϼү֣ɫ˺졣Ȼǰ𣬿ϲ̫ˡûֱ潻档
˿λ൱һĿƵĿ㡣
ҪʰҲɵ顣սãЩͷˡϾǽͰսôãսôãµʱ䲻ˡοΪʹ΢۾ԵʣҲ󣬸޷սȥ
뵽⣬Ŀ⿴Ÿϡ
ŸϼĿ⿴ʱһֲõԤУֲõԤкܿ͵õֻ֡ڵӿӰܿϺĹȫʮɵ׵ֱֱֲϯŸ϶ȥ
ŸǰɫǰĶ֡ң˿񱩵׵硣
ŸҪܿȴе·ס
ϣ㻹𣿡
ŸͻȻȵ

һ仰õһƬȻɴ۾ĿѾ볡еİϡ
찡ĸ𣬻һǰµ۵ͳΧһˡ
ϻ˼֣
һսܽΣ۹һ˵ͷѾɱˡ
һҶԶŵٲſҲ˰ɡ

УŸߣŸһ֣ס㱬ڻͬʱӿɱ⣬гһѸͷݺݵؿڡ
ĸͷͷһӰһңʹһӰ˲֪δˣһƤϣĿһѷ졣
޴ѷ죬ĺĿֱֱĶŰϣ
۸һԪ֮ǵ۹ϣѡˡ
ĻŸϵɫ˺죬ϵվЦǿʲôŻ֣ҪԸ⿴һۡԣ֣Ӧֵ԰
ô˵һҪлл㲻ɣ㿴Ц
ллǲã㻹ʲôֶΡүЦ˵һȭֱֱĹ
ߣŭһгͼͼ֮һɹʱѾЩֲסˣֻܽͼ֮е
Ľ
һĺ֮£ڣͻȻһͬϢȴ硣үû뵽ģִٵܣǻǱĽС
εΡ
һεεѪҺļ򴦵ɺѪҺ̼˵һĿֱֱĶ㡣û뵽Χ㣬һˡ
Ľүָ㶯ҪֹסѪҺȴЧǺܴ󣬲ɿ㡣
ү˵ԭ׼ϵģֻүȳһˡ
үĬһߵ˵ʮɵһʤ
仰ϵ˵˵ͷϸǰѸͷһУ㳹նɱˣѾʮֹ˼ˣϡڣ޷ۿ



548 һҶ
үĻ˵ʹ£ޣצ˹ȥ֮ռΪ֮ݣ֮ƣġ
ĵҪշѹ˺ѣ
ǵκεҲɣһЦͼնλá
ǾԴˮΪΪԴԿΪᣬԱΪβǾ֮֮
ĺ֮Уǰһӿˮڶ𣬻ڴˮ֮ϲϵȼգȼյԽԽ紺ˮһ㣬Ϣᵴ֮УϢ֮Уű֮ơ
һءͼΪԲģ˵ķȥ
ǾǱĳƽʩչȻǣȴûнͼֲҪǣ֮㹻֧š
ںĹصıǾ̲סһ䣺һôСƣʥˡ
ȻļһĻֻͨƷǿһļӣϱͼʥû⡣Ȼ΢۾Ҫһ
Ǿˣס˵ĹȴѾ㹻ˡ
ȻҲһĻŭ֮ϣһִʩչıǾӭȥ
䡭
һ𣬶ʱʯ쾪쫷硣쫷籬֮䣬˵߱ڵסҲ峡е龰
֮ܵ𣿡·Щĵʵ
ӦáܰɣֹȴҲѡȻ˶ӹšܲܵס˵
ԭΪԼʵΪѾǿˡһλãǴ˴μͰϽ֣֪Լ˺Զر㣬һȼġ
䡭䡭
֮к֮ϣһŰռ䡣ֱֱĶƬĩһĿռ䣬Ҫһνս˭ʤ
֮˺ܾãڳ䶨ʱ򣬳ǰһĻȴ˶͡
ǰĸϺүӰǱ·ãŲ˿ڡŸϣһڿѪҺϴӿ˵ٶŲ֮ɫ
ͬģͬûкõȥɫҰסѪֱ۲·òȻܵش
һܵشˣȴǰϣϿ֮䣬ѪҺӿ
ȻҪ˵ܣˣϾϺүƲǺأʰˣ
ǣû˻ô룡һ֮Ԫľ磬Ūⷬģʤм㣿ͲУ
϶㣬̲סʵʲô
һսĴȻǿǵĴҲϰϵ֮ȫʤ㡣ǣȴƾǹĪش˰ϺŸϣ棬ϴʱڻζ̾
ңΣ˵⻰ʱ򣬿䣬ٴѪҺ
ңңң˵ϧ㲻ܷļ־裬ҪȻһսǰˡ
㲻˵ٹһӲϵҪȫʧʱʱ򡣵۹Ҫʰֱ׾١
㻹ڶģĵ۹ɱ䣬
Ȼ㲻ţ۹Żʵ۸ǵ۹Ľע
Ŀ⿴һϵҲûг֪֡ڴҪǳֶԸ㣬ҲڵԵʡʱǶȴķԸ
һƬžͬʱ֮ϣͻȻһһᣬɫľỺչչ֮䣬һɾµƸǶ£ǿͨ߸оơ
ʥּ
ϵкȻһĬһɫ֮䣬һɰԵϵͰ֮ʤս㣬Ϊ֮̽ʵڷΪ۹һҶҾڷΪ۹ǳ۹Ϊ֮ߡ϶ʮϵ۹֮ı۹֮֮ʷ֮ݻȥ󽫾һְ£
ͬʱΪͰϵĽĻ
ϲرΪŹֵĿ㣬о˼顣ڸոոϳֵʱﻹΪʵҪ㡣ǴʱȴͻȻת
ô£ôҲ벻ͨ㱻һҶҲΪܺôǰ˵ഫһ主ģԴ൱ḻĳǳء𣬱¾Ȼոˡ
ͬͣû뵽۹ʵ۾Ȼͬſں˵Ժõĵ۹ˡȻ۹ѶʮȫƸ츣ʹ۹Ҳ˽⡣Ͼ۹ʧϡ
֮㲻ʲô£ʵҪǲ⣬˭˵ʲôȫǵ۹ΪʧʮҵĽڣ
Ȼ֪Բǵ۹ʵȥģ˼顣ǰҲǴˣȻоȣȴʶȤûб¶
˾Ľʱ򣬴֮ϣһ鴿ľ޴ҡ
һҶĸ޴Ľ⣬˵۾
˿һĻһǻǵһμҶбڷΪһҶġһϡ顣
ոյĴ򶷣־ڷʺϡ
ǲǴġٺ٣ⲻֵöǮȥˡ
һ仰һʵ۱µĶҲ㲻ԼءοԼ˭
Ȼ㲻֪ʲôʱȫ˵㣬ֳңĿ⿴ϡпϧѣûɱԺŲ鷳Ҳףŵ۹ıھɱǲˡ
Ͽµң㹰Ц㣡ϲˣ
ҡҡͷ˵ϣҪⶫָҰɣ
һϽ뿪
ϣ߰ûǮ֣ң˭Ҫ˵Ҫĺ
һ仰ϵٶȸ졣
һǲ֪ߵغ񣡡һߺղѣʵ۱µĶȻ֡
ֲˣֻ̾һȥɡʵڲУͻӰɡ

·۸ϽҰ˵ʲô治Ļ԰غȴһֲ㣬Ȼʱʮ
ϼվȻ㣬еĺŨֱֱĶ˵ģֻǿʼѡ
ЦÿκҶСȻǰֺҫӵ˵
Ӯ϶㡣
ѵûпǵһҶ𣿺ܺãȵҾȥһӾЦ㼸²۷顣



549 
㱻˲뿪㣬Էÿһ·Ŀ뿪֮˵Ŀ⿴ϡȴϱһߡ
ϵҲ뿪ʧ˵С
һҲΪİ϶ǰӣʮӢͬЦһǷʮ֡
վǰɫʮֹ˿ûյİҪϤϵ˶Ȼо˼顣Ϊµ۴еԵʣǴûаѹɰ
ǣҪʶ˭Ļ˭⡣ǰӣǵ۹
ûб֮ǰ۹ֻһƿص۹оΪ۹ĴԪ˧
Χ۹ǵ۹˲٣ȴ۹λ۹ǣƾһ֮Ϊʼ㣬ǵ۹Ľǵûм٣һвٵš
֪λźֲֿ
˵ǵ۹ҪһλҪˮһλķṦΰǴǵ۹Ȳϵġ
ǵ۹ʵ۸߸ϣȴҲ൱ڵ۹еĻʵۡ˸оЩǴǵ۹ʵȴ˿˼Щмӡ˿ûа֮Ȩ뷨
ǵ۹Ҫ˵˭һ죬Ī
ǣȴΪʮֵ͵ҲԵǵ۹ʵ۵Σһֱδ۹ǽѡ
ϴʱվһǰɫһ
֪Ϊʲô𣿡ӻĿڣдԣĿϣ˸о첻еĺöӡ
ָ㣡Ϲ
Ϊѡˣ۹ǵ̨Ҳô磡۹֮Уһ۹ܶ࣬۹ķȶֻܿǾԣҲϣǳ¡˵ֻϣ۹¼ϣ
Ϲ˵˵ǲǾñµľ⣿ɱ˶ʮȴҪƸ۹Ƹ츣
ϲңϹ˵
ǲһǲ⣿ֱֱĶŰϣĿͬӥһϬ
ϳĬ̾һŰ˵֪𣿾ͲڱӵСҪվǰҶҺ𼸾䣬ֱ˵ܲǣȴҡ֪㣬ǼҶһͼӢۣȴǲʳġ
˵⣬˶ټ˵ܣǰ㲻ǰȱһǰơΪһ£Ҫǿžۣð屻ų֢Σգٴðµ֮ĴѪҺʱܵסҲҪĴۡԣº֢ˡ
ϳĬβº֢Ҫ屻Żٽ
㲻ͬΪ˰㣬᲻ƺᶯطޣ˼԰ΪĿġ˼հǰ˺Ȼǿ֡˵
ܽˡϹ˵
֪вҺͱվڿɱʮһߡҸ㣬㲻ô򵥡ñºҶ˼ɡŰ˵Ȼ㲻ҪΪһҶһĳЩ˵һֳ衣
ĻðüͷҪһֳĻֻ˵ݺ󡣿ǣĻλҶ
Ȼϲ֪ôģͻʵ۶Ϊд󱳾ˡһҶ˵һ⡣ǣ˵Ͼ˾ŻҲûйʵ۾һһЩµ档
ڻǲ𣿡Űֱֱʵ
ϳĬ˵㲻Ҫ⣬ݺܸӡҺͱµ˼ԭǣҪʤ㡣ǾͲ˵Ļǣˣ
ϵĴϹ˵
ҡҡͷ˵ʲô¡úõĽܵڶаɡ飬ƺ˵ﵽʵúʡ
ǣ˵뵽ʲô˵£ʲôУΪʲôĴʥµʥҪǿܶࡣ
ŰϣͻȻ˵Ҹ㣬ûдУ벻ţ
ϵ͵ıɴ۾ĿдŲ֮ɫܣûд֮ô
㲻ţҲţǣȴпʵشϣôһС˻ô졣˵Ҫĵ
ϳĬôҲԸûеͳ
ˣú˰ɣƺˣͽܵͳС֮󣬸˵
ϹˣŰϵıӰĿЩ䡣ϣҲ֪ʲʺѡˡ
㵹һӡϧȴ̾һ

صʼΪԼͼԼҽƺõĺܿ졣һ첻ʱ䣬ƾͺ˾ų֮ࡣ̾ʵԽǿúɵ˺ԽС
ϾȻԸ̲סЦҪǲðµ֮ģԼҲͲ֮ˡǣƫƫҪŰϣͲźϺӡæȻ޷ʵǣҪȰǿһ
㣿ͺˣõվߣɴ㵵ʵû뵽õôݡ
һ˵ѵͲڴϲɣ
ٺ٣ȻһЦҲϣʵܸܲңΪʲôһվһߣɹȥģ
ͽƷ˵ƷҪ۵ģƽûµʱҾͷ̫̫ؼңүүˮһһܸıˡ
̲סŭ
ʼ磺㲻Ǿû취ˣƷʱ޵ʱ򡣡

ĻһĬһﻹƷⲻЦ
ˣûУ
ŹֵĿ㣬㲻Ұɣ
𣿡㿴ЦǶֵǮ
㼸ܲ²⵽ʵʲô˼Ҳ⡣Ͼ˼ôӣһ顣
ҪԼȥҿɲҡЦ
һֹۣҲ˼˵һ֮ӣȻⶼҲգȵҰɽӡ
ĸҪԼȥáȻһЦ
㵣Ҫţ治˼Ҫ
㲻飬һ漴ʵ㣬ûٻϢٻѾʧܾˡ
㿴ˣʱǵȦеٻ㣬ȷʵʧ˺ܾã뵽ٻڻĿռʧֻ˵Ҳ֪ʱȥʡ


550 ϰ
ķͷһʱһҶǣܶ˾Ҷ־磬޺ˡǳΪЩҶż
Ȼ㲢֪ЩھΪ䶯ʱȴǰȥμһ;ۻᡣ
һ޴Ļ᳡ⱦݻ֮См۸񲻷ƵľˮЩӵܻãѹôԸΪӵܡÿ켣ЩҵĳҲһҸ
ŻĿŮĿ΢΢ɨеǷ˲ٽòŮӡֻһȴԶˣ㵹ûȥϷ
ھȻǲÿһ˶ʶһȾƣȴûжǰ
㿴ڳбݺݺǡ̲סһһﻹǻʱھǻ쵴죬ʱһŵӵģûɬ̬
̬㲻ɺȻһЦҪǳĶ᲻бĸоڼСܵܣʱȴҪɻˣ
뵽⣬ȻһЦԽĶһĻֻǣ֪ۻĶһȺ˻᲻ǣ㿴ׯ
ֻׯȻһȦӵģܿһˣҲûйк
㲻𵱳ׯѹƵһĻһ䡮סݡׯɣ
Ŀڳɨţϣܽ˷һŮ룬ôûл켣ư֮ģ椼ɶˣҪһϰһ¡ҪȻҪ˳ˡ
ѣĿĻ᳡ʱϤӰ΢΢һ㶡
ʱһɫȹȹ欣һͷڵķ˿ԼЦ֮һʮ˵Ŀ⣬鲻Խı
ŮôҲˣž֮УͬʱЩȡ
Ȼ㲢֪ʱھҲҶ˼δ뿪ǵʱ򣬾ͷ̻ûй̻ᣬ֪̻ѾĶôֲˡʱ̻ᣬѾҶҵĿơһ̻ƶˣμһۻᣬҲǸ˼ӡ
һ·߹ɫɫ˺ѡЦݲֻǹȴ¶˼׽Էĺ־롣ǣһЩбµҪŮˡǣԷֻҪ¶һ˼ϵЦݾʧѻδ˵ͱһȺѵ׷߰һˣҲ֪ڽŹ
ʿչĿ࿴ЦеĿѣ뵽ɬŮʱȴ᳡ĹһΪ۵顣
С㣿ھͬʱȴһͬջŮѣ㶣˵ôˣ
͹¡ˮ͸źɫӣ֫֫ýģȴУż¶һأ񣬿ŷ̵ęϸ֫ԿŶţ͹£ˮ͸ವһ֣Ŀ⿴վȫɢԡ
Ůվһһһ磬ʮ˵Ŀ⣬ӵߣ
ŮˣôƯòñŮ˻ˣֹһŮ˲͵
պȻܣ֣˽ʱʱ¶ЦЦңúܶ˶Բѡ
ŬĴŮϰĿתƿУѰˡȴ֣һ֣Щԭ۾Ůˣʱȴˡ
ڿʲôܵʱһŮͻȻ㶨ۿȥ棬һɫŮӣŮӳȻǾ֣Ҳ㣬رǵ죬ͷһܿаһƬ
ֻȴʶŮˣкȻһЦﶼᷢģⲻǰԼˡ
룬ô࣬ôûһҵģǱЩƤǸˡ̾һָָׯˡ
˵֮Ƥǣ㻹Ǵ󵨡ŮӿЦʲôμӹôۻᣬȴûм㡣
ŮЦ֮䣬֦չǰջһ꣬Եס
һ֣˲жϣҵ˵ھưɹŮ˵ĸо
أа£㿴ŮЦֲЦˡ
ذ£ûŮһ㶣ϾͷӦЦĻ֦չǰǲǵ¶һƬ⣬У̾ŮЩϡ
ذ£װģҵСˣҲһͷƤ㱻ƭˣңƭ˶ŮˣŮӶЦ
ʼ磺þûгˣҪĻҹ־ܹ١ڣȡСĶˡ
ңŮӵԲ۾ֱֱĶ㣬ŭ
ŮɴЦݡŭŮ˼ˣ˭
Сòû˲ģ̫࣬ʧȥĳ湦ܡ֪Сһδ꣬Ŷôջ󡣡¶ĽĹâвżֳȡ
Ϊһִˣﲻ֪ŮʲôȻ⻰̫¶һЩȴʵʵڵŮʲôԶЩģܰѺס
ȻŮ˿Ц㻹ͦɫģͣɱȲ㡣
ʼƽҲǺģС㣬̲ס˵
Ź֣Ů˰һۡ
ҡͷС㣬ҪǼԼĶǲǻǰ˵Ǽȴ̸Ц롣
˵ŮӿЦ
Ͷˣ˺ŮǽȻ෴ģԼģͺ޲֪ʲô˵û˶С˵һ׷󣿡
Ůɫ˺죬û뵽ôֱӣԭһɬļһȴû뵽Ϸˡ
϶еģֱ׳˵
Ϊʲô
Ů鲻Խʻк㣬㴩ô¶Ҫûô˵Ͳˣÿһ˵ƤԼôġ
Ȼ㲻ֱ˵Ǻֱ׳˵ΪҲôվ󣬲˼˵
˵꣬㺦ߵĵͷ
ŮӿЦ㻹ߣ
Ůû˼̾Ů˰Լ˵ô࣬Ǳ¶һ˼Ҷһ׷󡣵Ȼֱô˵ᱻŮ˶ȥǣ˵ҲҪġ
ʱԼ¶˼ȴǣĵطЦͬʱҲһӣֵļʾͱˡ
Ȼ㿴Ů˵ĵԼܶø㶨Ůˡ


551 ֮
ŮӺ˵ЦʱʱķЦЦǰ͸صڣܿİ𪹵ȻŮҲں㿴һۣҲڵ
˵ʲôʱ뿪۾ŮӣǲӦȥһջ
㻹밡ŮЦȻһ۵Ҳ㰡ûУǣ
ŮһָָׯˣھСˡȻŮȻ̸Цȴϡ
ҲȲҰֹ
Ҫ˵٣ŮϲŮĽģǵıɫܶôŮˡϲԼб£ֻЩŮ˱ֵĲԣЩŮȴֱӱϡ˵ңǣŮ˵ıȴһģŮЦһϣŮһ׷ŮȴϣЩһ׷󡣡
ŮӵĻЦЦŮٲʲô񼫵飡˭ʲôŮˣĻٶż٣ͬˣٶɫһ
ΪǲҪˣЦеĿŮӡ
ŮҡҡͷЦ첻Улٺ棬ڻ᳡ôȻȥұˡ
дѾģҾôׯȺȵҵ㣿
ˣҪįˣġŮӿЦҡҷŽŻ᳡ȥɣŮӶ㻹ǺкøеģҪ㹻ݵĻԼǺԸµġ
㿴뿪Ůӣεʼ磬ԼֶιȻˣŮ˶ˣֻѼӶɵˡ̾һ뻹ǰưɺã̶ֳȣԼȥ绨ѩҹˡ
ȻԷ뿪ûжƫƧĵطžˮǸѾһСĹ̸ЦȻŮӣҪ֪Լ㣬᲻ת⣿
ҡеľˮеŮӵĻգŮӣŮҪԼҲҪ㹻ǿơ
ȻԼп϶ҲͬŮһԼžµ
һٵŮ˶㲻ˣΪ˻ʲôã
㲻ǰһŮ˷绨ѩҹ֮һŮ˵ıԹ
ŮɫȮ֮ʮһھưŮʧ롣ȻʧԭǸ˵١˵ҪƣҪǸƣѷˣ
㾪ȵǣʱϵʱŮ˻һ㵵ģԭҲͱŮ˲ͬŮˣһ㶼ǵڶ뿪ϵȴΪ˺ѡ
Ӵ֮ŷŮȻлҪֶʵȴֻѡʼΪʲôʱֻ˵һ䣺Ұĺܰǣȴ޷˵٣һŮˣٻŮһٵŮ˶㲻ˣԺʲôӹ
ŵĻ䣬㿴գǴż͵Ц⡣
ȻûҪʲôǣȴŮ˲Ӧͬһ㣬ǧĿ
ΣյģѪ彫Ҫǧһʱ˭ֻԼѣô㶼ԸЩ
Ŀ⿴ųĻŮǺЦ⣬ҡҡͷԺеĺ˼ųȥ
ôһĬĬһĶ㶨ȻȥǾӵĶߣžƱһ±Ц˵
ûз֣ǶÿˣЦе˵
ȥ漴ЦֹȻһˣ
ЦЦеľƱ׼һǸոպһڣͺЦĿŶ˵ӵֶоոʱ򣿡
һ㶣漴ЦֹȻԭΪʩųû뵽һ۾Ϳˡ
ЦЦеľƱŵһһƱ˵ѹ־֮У
ʼ磬ε˵ָֻܹߴϻۺͿһ̫װˡֵҲò˶٣ҵƽ˲١
ûᶾĿ⿴УһϤӰΡ
Ŀ⿴Σ΢΢ЦЦСӵǶ֣Ҫֵʤ˸ߴϻۣ»ǸСųСӡ
ȻЩɬûųЦЦ뵽㣬ŵǸ͸Ůˣ֪᲻
ǹҺѰɣЦſŶ
֪ԼЩеҪǿԵĻǺܶ˶Ըн᳡ʶȻ࣬Ҳ١ǣȴûм˹кУԺ޵ͬˡ
ҾͲֺܺһ£Ц
ǵǲǣ㲻˵ҵ㻹˭Ըȥ㺮ѡЦʲô˵ɡ
ֺͰгɣ˵
ķϻͲˣ㿴Ŷ˵
ЦҪᰲϵĶûȤ
ţ۾һ
Ͻ˰µ۵ͳȻǿİµ֮˰Сǣµ۵Ķϲûȫ̳˵ͳʵǷֲεġȻ˶˵õͳ˽ȴ֪ϻδõ衣ڵõģֻһƤëѡ㲻ĵͳˡ
µ֮УȫΪµ۴ˡ˵
ô˵־͸ģЦȻʱʤܱ֤ԺһֱʤµΪϹŴۣʵ֪ϾҪܵڶУʵȻͻͽİµ֮ε֮죬Ǳ޷ġ
˵Щʲô˼۾ŶĪ˵ЩûĿġ
ܼ򵥣µ۵ͳ⡣ֱֱĶ㡣
΢΢һ㶣ͬһ¡˵ʲôµ۵ͳ⣿ѵ֪Űµ֮ģѾ޷ı𣿾ɱ˰ϣõµ֮ģµ۵ͳҲһܵõ
̫ҿǰﲻʲô㻹ȥұ˰ɡЦȻϲˬʵֺõ飬ǲȥĺá
ˡЦҲҪΪһµۣҪһ
һǲ⡣
ҪҵµڵĹѨǲܷһЦеĿ㡣
ҵµ۵ĹѨɴ۾ĿŶдŲšµʲôˣȥĵͳˣ˭ҵµ۵ĹѨ
µϹŴۣӵеıغ֮ࡣܶ඼Ĵڡ˵ȴʥ϶ǲȱٵġҪҵĹѨпܶеıءǣô֪
ûȤЦе˵ҪûȤǾˡ


552 ̸͵
˵һ󻰣ĵͷ֮УŴЦ뿪
뿪Ҳ˼ŶϢԼɣϢǺмֵġ
ž˼ŸʱһĶڻ᳡˳ȥոպЦŮˣվһ˫¶⣬ֱֱĶǰһӡ
ˣҹȥŮǰӣĶżĵŮӣŭȵ
ҵ鲻ҪܣʲôˣܺԼУŮҲŭˣվǰŭȵ
ӼŮ˻Ҷŭȣ̲סһٴκݺݵŮ˳˹ȥŮ˼һɨŵı۾ȴһٴγ鵽ϡ
ǺǣŮ˿㲻ʲô£
ŮûеȵǸƣһϤĶŮſ۾Ǹ߸ƣȴһֻ𪾫µָץס
ոպЦӣŮ΢΢㶣û뵽ʱȻΪԼͷ
СӣҹץŵŬ˼£ȴѲץŵ֣ŭȵ
Ů˿ɲʲôֶΣЦɿΪסĵĵ˳ȥûˤڵϡ
쵰ŭˣ꣬ŭ⣬һȭݺݵ˹ȥһȭͨ˿ȷʵʮ㡣
ܶ˿ŶԷһȭҪ䵽ϣ̲סģúõһᣬȻҪֵļѪˡ꣬һȭУǶ
ӵȭͷܿҪ䵽ԴǾһɫҪһȭʱȴ֣ȴֱһסǰһһ
˿һĻһⲻѡû뵽ɬ꣬Ȼʵ
ӵȭͷץסµǿоһۣ۵ɫ࣬ƴ
ʵҲԸңЦ˳һӾͱƵڵϣˤһ׳졣
һ֮ҲûתͷŮӣЩ׵ʩչ˼ӽָȡһƿҩݸʵЩͿϣһھͻȫá
ŮӽӹŴӵ¶׺ݵ˵ߣҪҡ
ûһ׷ߡЦ
仰Ů㻹ҪɫҪմӣɲƲ磡
ô߰ŮӲ뵽ĶԹ֮꣬Ůӻкøеģرǿô˶ûΪͷһֻһ֮ԵϷΪͷǸж
ЦЦ㣬㲻𣿡
쵰ӣŭͱҡϣϣСӵֽŶ۶ϡ
ͬӵܺʲôˣȻȲϾӣھҲǺպһԣһܱ³ŵĹϵھҲǣȴһ֪ðСӸʰˣܳŭ
ʶ㣬ǲȺѲʶڳһȺѵУüʶͰϵĴսĻ˸Ͻ˺󼸲ͳ־롣
ʲôЦȥֽŴϣҪȥϵԼֽŰɣ
ǣʶȻ˲ʶĲٺ׼ȥ
ǣ׼ֵʱһȴȻ
ҵҪ˭Ҷ֡
·԰أŲӻķȻûɢһ˿ƣȴоһɼѹ
֮˭ʶ֮󣬾һԵͷȻǶԣǱ֮ȴԶˡ￪ڣ˭Ҷ֣
Ϊǰͷͬһˣ˽֮ӵİԵھУ˳ԹĿǵǵĴׯҲѹдԣͬһĺѡˡ
ȻϢ֪پǡΨһȷŵǣǵˣվ뿪ġԵͷϵõ˺ֵܳڹ͡
ҵ飬ѵҲҪʲɣȻ˼ǻǿԴȵ
ЦеĿųǴżЦ˵ҪǸ㣬ģŲţ
һ仰ó˶һܹҫһѣȻģ˭ܵˣ
ǣ֪ˣȴĬĻ˵ĲûеҪǸӷ˭ܵס
Ϊ֮ӣѵҵļҲҪʲɣһŭ
ļȻܣǣҪǸҶǾͱҡָ˵Ȼ֪棬ҲԲʲôԸһЩСɫﻹ治ϰߡ
Ů˿ȻΪͷҲһﱣͳԲʲô
ȻҲͬȣôΪͷŮ˴һ㣬ԺӰӣȴûз㡣һھһȦû߶ˣôΪͷ˭֪ܽȦ֮٣
㣬һѵҺδ޵飬ҲҪܲɣҸһӣҪ뿪ҾͲʡ
һ㶣漴Ůʵδޣ
Ů˿Цĵͷүүʱµġ
㲻Ը⣿Цʵ
ŮҡҡͷҪԸ⣬Ͳˣ
ЦŮˣ˵˾ˣ㵱ԼδҲô˵
ˣŮ˵ĻȴˣŮ˲ظȴҴ죬̲סٴһƳ˹ȥǻδ鵽ŮˣȴץסһѰƵһ˵˵Ҳϲ˴Ůˡ
ҴԼŮˣƨ¡̲סŭ
ûǿŮ˵ʵ治Ը޸ҲҪˡˣĺá
ŮչһЦ˭ˣ۾ˣȻ
ʧЦżŮˣһ㣿һֱҺܾã
ţŮɻĿ㡣
룬ŮҴ̼͵ˣһʲôоΪʲôʱŮ˶һȴͬ͵Ůˣһ㶼ѡƯġʵܾˡǰ켣ưɵʱ򣬾ⲻˡ
⣬˶Ŀ㣬һЩʶˣ̲סȻǷӣôˣȻ͵⡣
ĿͶѺգҲ㵵Ŀ㣬źΣһۣն˵ܹҵҶҲȻһŮ͵⡣ǲǺ
ŮҲû뵽㵱ô˵ʳһ仰ʧֿ֮ĴЦЦǰص¶Ĺúܶ˵۾ֱˡ



553 ӪԾ
Ǹܸܲңʱֳѵõİԡǰھưɵʱʱܶ׿ԽŮ˸ЩͨͬǸе˳ȥаܹΣ֪Ϊʲô
Ҳ֪һǵģһд𰸾͸㡣ŮӶЦЦĺ̸⡣
Σֹôشһ
ǰҲʹܶ˻ŮˣǵõĴ𰸺Ůһģһ
ûеõԼҪĴ𰸣εʼ磺ˣԺǲˣʲʲô
ˣҪﶪҹؼȥŭˣоԼ涪ˣ˻ߵĺ
㿴Ů˵治һ𣿡
Ů˵Ҳķ竵һ𣬼޸ʹÿ챻⣬ҲҪñӡ
㡭ŭ
Ů˵ĻЦЦŮ˵ľģŮ˷ŵɧû˵ĹϵŮˣҪûŮˣǰľưɲ޹ˡ
ÿ˶׷ԼȨͬǰԼɫȮô꣬˵ԼһˣҪһŮ˵Ļͱˡ
뵽⣬㲻ЦŮӵͷ˵Ȼ㲻޸ǾͲްɡ
ţŮɻĿ㣬Ҫ˵仰мƣǰ˵ʲôã
ȻŭʲôҺĻҲܹʵġ
ƾ㣡⹻㶢ų˵͸ողͬǣʱ͸¶һеİӸµĿų
㣡׼ȴӦƵģۿ㣬㣿
⹻㿴ų
һƬȻûмˣֱֱĶ㣬ֵþǺ䶯˭ûȴû뵽ǡ
Ů̲ͬͣ꣬סڵϹˣ֪㣬ʹӦһ׷ˣ
ʧЦŮʼ˵Եֲˡ
ŮҲ͵ЦͺãҵԼôԺҪĻʱң
Ů˿ŵԣ˼£ɨһŮˣ͹£Ȼ㲻ùɫ㣬Ҳ
Ǹ˰ɣһˣ˺ܾãȻտվ˵ôһ仰һǻġ
ϷŮˣ㻹Ǻ͵ġ
㣡ҵļ£ѵҲҪܲɣŭˣԼδ޾Ȼ˵仰Ȼ˼ʵҲþΪ˼ɾͷŮˡ
ŮҪõΪ壬ҪĶ
ӽǣҽˡ㶢ųЦڿԹ𣿡
㡭ȫ鷳鷳ȴò⡣
ڳҧݵʱһȺ˻߹˵ֺαˣⲻ˼ҵļ¶ѣкαعʡ
ˣЦЦվˡ㲢İŵ׷ŵԼð˵סˡ
ҲȻŵˡֻҲŵľģͬʱҲˡ
ӹӲúЦһССļҶҪ˵ˣҲ۸ҡЦеĿ
Ǻǣ˭֪ӵǣ˼ҵļ£̫ˡ㡣
ѵû˵㣬ҲǣҲҽ㡣ôԼҽ飬Ҳܹ𣿡վǰһߵ
Ļ΢΢һ㶡ܶ˵ĿⶼŮӣû뵽Ů˷֦ͷˡǲİȦһֹ֦󵨣Ǻܶ˶Цֻ˼ɳҶʲôѡȻŮȻŴ󵨣Ҳ˭ռ˵ġ
һŮˣھǵ϶ǲġʱ˵һ仰ѵ¸Ĩ
ĻȴòĻû뵽Ϊͷ
ǿǿǱϾԪʵʩչطܱʵǣҲǲܶԸϾǾǣݲҫ
ǣﲻ֮ͬӡվŵ̬ȡ
ʲôˣȻһֱĬĬšǼгȴѣ˿ֲܲǣԲҪȥǣ
ҪǣΪؾ۹֮һľȨ˵ȻΪµʥּԵʲܻؾ֪
㣡ԺסڵҵҪ˭¡һ˵
ͬ˼ɣǾǴ壬Լá丸ǵ۹һλͳ˧¸зΪ˼ֹֻŰˡ
ǴҲܿھǵӰȻȲʥʦȴҲһȻ
Ҳʲô򵥻ɫһֱھ˻죬ºպսȻȲϰϣȴҲǾе㡣ҪǲپǣǹУ϶һϯ
ԣվҲֻվҪȻûĵ㲻һѹסǡ
ǺǣôְҲﰡôʲôìܣ˶Գֵʱһһ˴źƺƵһȺǰ
㿴ȥׯɫׯ
ׯ磡Ȼׯûʲô֮ˣϾСʱԼǿںһ
ׯŵĸƨɳ˲òӵĵزһ㱡رϴһ䡮ǵݡһ仰ͬһӶС
Ǻǣ˼ҵļ£ǻǲҪʵĺáׯЦŶ˵
ׯ磡飬Ͳˣɷִ硣˵Ǻܿġ
ǣһ仰ȴׯŵһȺ˶һۡ˵ׯַˣڿȻˡׯСƨʱѾԼˡһЩ룬ԺǲӦúׯ־롣
ׯɫÿϾͻָˣЦǺǣΪҲֻǽһ£㲻ҾͲ˵ʲôˡ
˵ͷų˵ҽڲԸޣ㿴ǲǰѻԼˣ
ɫ࣬ҧгݵ˵Σ
仰ﻹ˵ʲôЦǺǣǲҲ֪мҪúõļƽһ£ոҿǿҽһơʮֻ̣ҼҵˣҪһ˵
ĻɹŹֵĿ㡣е쳣һִͳȥȻ֪㵽Ҫʲôзִ磬Ҳվ
Ǻǣӻôšܾòˣֻ֪ǲǵңһһ˴һȺվ˳㶨ȻȥǾ֮ĸߴϻۡ
˿һĻһһ־ԽԽˣڶݱӪĶԾˡ


554 վ
￴ŶߴϻۣׯˣüͷҲˣھǶżӰߴϻȻ˵֮һȴǾĽܳţׯȻȲˣׯھǵӰȴܴ󣬵еλŮȻԺգӰȴ
վԼĶ棬оĪѹ
˵ļ£ǻǲҪʵĺáׯЦſһģΪƵġǣׯȴԼĴ㡣һϣׯӡܶˣ־롣ҪһԼţôֻаﳹѹȥС
ԼʵԶԶġǣߴϻ۵˰æȴѾ㹻ˡ
˵ҽ㣡ﶢׯ
Ǻǣʲôߴϻۣô˼ָջ׼۸ɣŵʱ򣬶Цߵ
۾һȻû˭СվǱߣǵͫ͵
˿ԵӪ᳡ԭֶĿֱֱĿһߡóĽֻӪҲ̫˰ɣеκһˣǾǵķЩȴΪһŮӶ
ҲҪ˼ҵļ²ɣߴϻֱֱĶŶдż⡣
ҵûȤֻ־һŮˣ˸оϧѡ֪˳ȥϲʩĻҲϲζŮˣŮҲϲˡôҪЦеĿų
Ŀ⿴ͷ̲סһڶηġǣһ뵽ôΪ׳ŵӶŶߵҵδޣݲñȾָ
ЦЦ˿Ϊ˵ɲ˵㡣ŮġǵҲǺҪġ
˵꣬ЦЦתͷ˵ǣԸңǸųǸС
һŭˣȻڶͳûкøУֱԳڰ˶ˣ㻹Ǹоı뺷
Ļ㵵ͷʼǿɲ㡣Ҫѡһ
һ䣬붾쵰ǰæĻҳӵģôоǿŮġ
˰ֹ֣˶˵ʲôǿЦ㵱ҪΪͷ
ָָųһƵı飬̲סһŭ⡣ʵǿΣһҶѣӵôر뵽ŵΪ裬аְ֣һŭ֪ûʲôĵ׾ǲΪƺܸоռŵıˡ
ǳδޣǵ飬Ҳϣֱֱ֡Ķ㣬евζʮ㡣
ڰֵ㲻Ҫң˲ʲôвܱǸĸ㣬һˡ˭Ҳܶ˭Ҿʰ˭
һвЦ㣬ûиԼ״ɣмֱûǣԶı䲻Ҷݡʲôƴ
ʱ̤ǰһߵƾվһߣƾܼҵá
һ仰һƬȻֱֱĶû뵽˵һ仰ʲô˼˽Ӳɣ
ڵĻ仰мơֻȴܻᾩǡ
۾ЦҪڴһƣκε𣿡
ңߵ
ž
˻δӦ֮ǰһĶڻ᳡𣬲֪ʱѾһ⣬һصԼվλáȴŻлŲš
ǺǣڸңҲңЦеĿ㡣
һƬͣû뵽Ȼ˵־Ͷ֡ȫ·ʲôˣڱһѰƣ
Ҫɱ㣡ŭˣҪȥȴߴϻһס˵֣Ҫ嶯ҶĶ֡
ߴϻסŷӦĶ㣬ȴûгֵ˼ף϶Ķ֣Լ͸Ķˡ
ôɱˣЦеĿ˵ȻɱңǾʹ˹ɡﶪۡ
㡭
Ļû˵ͱŭȵʲô㣡Ųţھ͸ɱ㣿
һ仰ʱֹס˻˫۾һָоҪ˵ʲôĻпɱ
ܵѹµƣšӷ˵㻹ְֻܶɱˣ
˿ȭͷٿһ㣬ͬͳġһҲ˵壡͸㽲Ҫûͺ㽲ȭͷ
һټӪһ˸ס˾ҲˡôǱ˼һ˸ס
ƺҲоԼⷽƲϵ½һҧҪӲ㡣
磡磡ʲôԼˣ
һԿ˺ܾãʱŲɿƵƣŸϽվһкøУ߳ų磬һǼ磬ȻԸ
˼վܶ˶һɲǺ
ȻųȴһӵܡΪεݣûһ˸СΡֻվŸϣҪλŵŵʲôˣĶϱһֱÿǷŵǷҡһֻҪŵڣһǵġ
ΣһؼֻҪվһߣǾʹһߡ
ȻҲסҶӰ߲һȼģҿλŮ޸ӣҴŮһˣŮȴδԼػˣöôԲң
ûʲô飡κȵ
ĺȴһ˴͡Ӿӣѵ֪εҪǵվһߣǾ͸鷳ˡ
ȴһϲĺ˵ΣߡȻӣֺαں
ĻһۡȻųȴҲ֪ʲô˼Ц˵磬磬ֲʲô£Լ⣬ú̸̸ˣαֳ
ʱ̾Ǽ涨ĻԼҪΥǲТҲТ֮ˣ
λ˵ʲôκСƨҪУһȥ
룬СƨȻһЩ鲻ġҪ˵ŵ滹ࡣЩ棬ʱ˶֪



555 ҪңҾʹӦ
˾ȵǣĻȻĬĬվһԡ
ǺǣҶڰһʱ򣬿ХˣǴЦݣһŮ˶ѣú̸̸ǣôֳ˵ȥЦ
˵ĿⶼתХһվһߣһߵƽ͸б
Хã˼ҹܽδʲô𣿡ʱվǰһ˵
˵ĿⶼſХȴſХĻش
ǣХû˵һĶȴ˵Ķ˿˹ȥȴ׵ȴɻصԭء
˼ȫЩֱӶ֣һͬʱҲ̾ʵ֡ǰȴ˿ûз֮ҪǾǡ
Ҫҽʲô£ҪҾǡߣ˵꣬˦Ҳ˦Щˣһ뿪
㡭˿ﳤȥŭ˫ۣɫ࣬ȴһݻ˵
һЩŮӼˣ˸Źâʲôǣ֮󣬶Է˵ԭҶ
лл㱻л
ҡҡͷЦЩǸ㿴ˡұȱ˶ˣ㲻š
ҪԸ⣬ǾȥջҲԣһۡ
ˣҲ֪Ǽʻʲôԭһѳ㣬˵Һ㻹е飬ȥ
üŶȻϲһǼ֣ŵͷȥɣҺͶ飡
ͷ˰ڰ֣֮󣬶ŵЦܰܰϵĵһҶȻֶΡ˳⣬мǺˣǲˡٶ湻ģ
ЦſһԶ㣺˴æҪû沼¡棬͵ǵıˡǺǣưϲһ򵥵飬ҪһʲôǶˡ
ȻһЦһôȻϴʱڣ벻ôࡣ
ǲҪСˣ˵αԣҪһЩԭܲʤ˵ңϵĵͳҪǶˡ
ȻһЦʤôೡô˼
֪֮ˡֹ
ԱĪ˵˵ʲôôһ䶼
Ц㲻Ҫ
ļ˵չ˺ͳɣȻӦˣȻóǸõ
￴һ㣬Ҳ֪Ůô˵ǵͷ˵ģҴӦ㣬Ȼ¡
Ǿͺã͵ųˡͶһЦ
ɻĿˣ֪ԷʲôЦġ֪ǵʵҪǱĻ϶ᶯüĶǶöǵס
ʲôˡ
׼濪ʼ
ӵˣ
ӵˣ

Щ֮΢΢һ㶣ʵӣĻӷųˣ
ѹ㾪ȣ۹ӣȥرõģӶгɣûеʱҲųųֻһǾǱ׼̫ˣǰЩӷųӵıʤ߾ǽĻʵۣ
ǰҪƽˡ̾һ
ÿλӷųǾѪȷ硣رǻӣСЩһǺεǿλ϶Ҳ쳣
Ǻǣ۹ˣҲЩͷˡ㿴ŶЦ
Цһ˵˵ʥʦ̳ˡǶҲףҪѡԻӡҪվӪǽĻʵۣʥʦλܲˡǣҪѡĻǾͲܳΪʥʦ
ڻĴӣһȷʵһɶеϣ鲻Խĸоһѹ
һ˵
Цо仰˵һɳ档⻰ȻһЩҲӵĽܡʮλӣһλΪ޷ھŰλȴһֱѧϰλУ϶ĴڣǺҲҲ
λǲ̫ļһЩ¸ոհųʹĵǰ˲šЦʵ
֪Ӵӹгĵһ仰˵ʲôű£ֵܵ˵־ڻʵۡλᡣֻԸһүЦȻ֪⻰ŶȶߡǣȻ˵ڡҪλԵˡ
λӾȻ㲻ɲĿ࿴˼ۡ
ܲӵµϢжǿ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷҲСʵٱҴʮ꣬ҪֻСĻΪ㲻ʲô
˵ͷСڱ˵ѾܲˡǶԴĴ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ô˲μʲôŶ
ҡͷ֪ôʲôгк룬ﲻ
ĻΪȻ
һ·ĵĺ˴кУʼչܰЦݣŮ˳ԽȥȻӵҲղСӣһ
㣡Ҫǽˡ
ͶƫƧҲĴӻ̸ЦʱͻȻײײ㣬ָһ
̧ͷȥȴλպȥϴ崺Цݡ
ٺ٣ֿ֣ǲЦ
ʼ㲻ö֡
ţɻĿ㡣
룬ȵȴӻᱻôߵġЦ˵
ʲôЦһ۵Ͼǻӣ˭˱ӵ㣬ԻҲҪ˼°ɡ
ʼ磬ҪǿѻãѻӡǣҪյĻǾȥҳ顣ʲôˣѪǣһܼ̳лλĻӣ治
ֱֱߵŮǰʿһֻ֣쵽ǰ˵С㣬ܷҺ㹲һ
ѱͻһĻһԭΪλյġոЦһաȴû뵽ȻԼ
쵽ǰ֣ѸϽҡҡͷԲҽ岻ʣ
ѵľٶһ㶡û뵽Ůӵ¶ܾ
ӼѾܾͬһ㶣ϾЦûϵöҽҿ԰㿴
ˣҽʦٴҡͷȻ֪ΪʲôӽȴԸӴԸʮĿĽӴˡ
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556 
յĻŵ֣ǾС㹲һ𣿡
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ңǸҲûбܻ䵱㴳ʹ顣֪ԲǺǵģϡ
ȻҲ֪ѪǣҲΪʲôӲҶհɫԭ
ԼĹϵЦЦҲ͡룬ȥҿɲǡ
Ϊ˺úúһġӴЦ˾ٱ

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ɫ󣬰һۣҧűݶ˵ôͲļҶ
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˵꣬Դ룬ͻȻ뵽һʲôЦ㱻㿴Ҫ޸ˡ
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նЦһֻȸԾĺ
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뵽⣬
ﵽԪѾǳԪ֮Ķˣǰͻˡ
ϣڿͻƳԪ˰ɣźϡ
ǿԣҪڵ״ҪҵѡһͣڳԪ֮Ҳ˵㲻õģ֮µȱֻǾѡ
ָ㣡
˵Ԫ֮֮ǰһΣΣ磬ֻ㹻㹻ܵסܴﵽԪǣ֮һΡޣ죬ܣĸνǿռľ硣ҵùռ䶯ˣǿռ֮á
ռ֮˵ǿҲǿ˵Ҳռ֮õʹǴͨҲҪâĻһ壬ڿռ֮ͼоȻҲ˵Կռ֮жôǿãõֻһЩƤëѡǾֻһЩƤëҲֲ£ʮԪҲⲻһڵʵǿʮͨԪǣʱһͨİЩʥҲǿⲻ˵ġΪǽռ֮жҲܽռ֮ǵжܵ
βܴﵽΣźϡ
絽ˣȻ̤룬Ĺ棬ĻʹҲˮɡֻ̫˷ʱˣͳ֣Ҫᱻʰˡ˵⣬˶˵һطܼϧ״̬ȣСҲǣǴһϢϼһȻûл治ס
źϵıԹĬһλô˵ҲԼһĸףȻ겻ӣǱϾռ˼Ҷӵ㻹ǸоǷ˼ҵġ


557 
ȥ˰ɣŶЦ
ЦѾɢϢȥˣǰȥμӾۻᡣϢҲ䵽˵ĶС
ǺǣʥʦһأŶ㲻ںףȴСӡºպսΪ֪жǿ
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Ļ΢΢˵ͷȻҲȫЩعأҪԼҪǳԴˣǻסʥʦĲԼֻ˼ԼʥʦݣöֶѣҪǿԵĻȻնɱԼñϴյ飬ҪţͻǸɱԼ
Ȼشϻǹ˼ɵġ
ʵ۱µˣЦ˵Ҳã˵ҲܶһҪǣʤĲܾڸλҲ֤˵۹߲˲ۣһЩΪ˰ѳֵ۹õ۹˥ܡ
Ȼʥһα£ǵ۹ô꣬ʥһλ
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վסЩ˿ǣֱֱ߽ȥϽ˵Ⱥȥͨү
ˣȥͨЦеĿٴƿ󲽵ȥ˿ߺŭ
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ϣӵ֮ȥݷһ°ϡڸۡڣֻûпϵİգǾðЩ仯һЩǴһױȵİڣɰҲ˲١
ͰϺһ֮ҲԿǵ˵ȥȻһƶҲûΣһ飬ھǴˣҲùϡ
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ǣһ״ˣɻĿŰϡ
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ΪʲôɻŰϣһҶѣɱ˾ɱˣΣʹǱĵһҶ
϶˵֣Ҵ꣬Ҹʱҡǣ㲻ô򵥵ѵܱ֮۹ҵĸ츣ܵöʮһ˲ñɱʮ鶼ŹǼ򵥵ȻͱʲôЭ顣ʲôЭ飬ǶðھɱԣѵһԣȴԲھɱ
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뵽ͰϵĶԻжҲ˼˼֣Ҳ΢΢Щɡô˵ǴϾҪܵڶεͳĴˣʱʵȻͻͽĽԼǰڶİµ۵Ȱɾ͵ʱԼҲܽʵ
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Ǻǣ֣þûݷˣˣðˡְֲɡЦеĿ
ô⣿ĶҺͶȥμۻ㱨˼ǰˣǲʲô
ֺԲԣǺܱǸüҵˣҾּҵľˮúȣһЦ˵ֲܾɣ
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ûҪȵľơ˵뿪ɡ
ûϵȾһ棬һ棬ֽһЦеĿ
ʲôŶȵ
Ҳʲôǰµֿ֪֮ۡɷЦе˵µ֮ĹǾͱҪµ۵µ֮һǰµ۵רеġ
Ļһû뵽˸ģ԰ϡʱڣǰⶫĴʱ
дôˣǣôص飬ô֪ģ


558 
ĶˣŶ˵ߵ۵ϢǴ֪ģ
Ͳùˣ֪ǣǺǣ֣ܷһãʱǻỹġЦеĿ
Ȱĵĺá˵
ЦеĿֵԸ񣬱ֳһ⣬̲סҪɡ
һɷáȷʵһҶ⣬ҪǶˣסǣһҶʲôҶ̲ס
ԵʱƵʱ򣬲Ƕ֣֡Ҳķͷ˶롣
Σߵһҵһһ
ЦȻҪԸ֣ȻҪɸǰȥˣܶвĸ֣ҲҪʵĴڣ֪㸸ټ֮Ҳֻɡӵļ壬ھҲպˡȻȲҶңȴҪԶˡ
㲻˵Щϻɣߵ
ǺǣүҸߣҪǲȥԸ㣬֮ۡл˭סˣֿҪѶƤ֮ࡣЦе˵
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ͨռ䴫ȻǳԪܱ֮ġ
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˵꣬һȭݺݵĺ˳ȥһȭݺݵĺȥ֮ռΪ֮𵴡ڿռѿһѷ죬ǹѹȴûм֪ռûԵʡ
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ϴŸϰݷü˵һ仰˵ʮͨԪ֮ԭšڿмʵġ
һۣ漴˵ͷӰһ䵽ߣߵ۸㣬㴳ְڣһȶȥ
ǾҪǵֶˡЦڵӿһݺݵĺȥҪԣԼǶżʤ㣬֮Ĳൽ׶
ȻЦһǲм


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Ȱס˲˾ģֻҪסһжת
ôǲġϹŴӵеԴ֮ࡣֻҪܵõۣнеĿܡҪܵõһЩԴ϶
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֮ϵ㣬ʱȴΧվǲ٣ȻܵסСһÿռ֮֮Եʮֱܵơˣ
ԪǳԪԶսǡһֺĶ㣬ֱ˦ռһ䶯һӿռ䴫ݹȥߣƶȥҪ
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յŰɽһдȴҲıضϣܿƣڵϣ˰׸ߵ
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ͬԷ׳ϵǿܶƽ
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Се㼬֣Ҫˣ˰ˣҪȻų̼Һ͸߼ҵİȻЦܡһ
ţֱֱĶ㣬֪ܱ˿ֲͶ˼ء
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ĴȣĻ汬ӭһ⡣гһѴ󵶣ȫ£ƣֱȥ
䡭
ԪնõĵһƷȻΪűǾԵʣǣȴòİԵͬһĵâѳһռ䣬ŰԵ֮ƣ͸ͷײһ
ĵסľ޸
㵲һУû˶һ˽ᣬѾǰһһٴαĹֱ̽Ҫ
ңΣңڣ
һ͵Ť˹ķ϶֮޷ܿһУȻıܿˡ
ӳǹһԪ֮Ըˣ˵ȥǶҪǣһﻹδؼҪǶˣԼסˣ
뵽⣬һݣҪڶԷؼ֮ǰסܲܵطȻǴУø߼ҳ̼ҵ˰ɡ
뵽⣬Ѹٳ֣ոոǿ񱩣֮кУƱ䣬֮䣬һ⸫Ӱ㳹׵ķС



560 С
λսݱµͶҲͬƾСͶ֮󣬲֪λǵ֮һСӡҲʵôƾһֶıƵ޷
Ҫǣһֶ£˿ûáİ֣ҽӽ
һԼﶼò¡һôԼҲò¡ǳǵĶ⣿ӷϱȻ˶ĶҩҪһٰѶɷ
ԷˣҲżֹ˼ɡȻŶҩҿǶȴףʵȻĶ֣ԶҲûпӲƴֻԼĶЧܰΣ
ҿһֶֶܼãЦĿŶΪκε𣿡
Ц˵⻰ҲЦҪκβ㣬Ϊʲôǿʵȴκβң
ĵĿŴӵΪԼ㣬˿ԼĶȻ˿ĶҲоʮֱ
˵棡öֽ˵һٴȥģҲӲˡǣסΣȵȳ͸ߴϻ۴ǰܵ𣿡
ͷһЩż˵ģʱ˶·硣ҪǶԷڴôǶ֣
ҪսپžģָоȻܽסȴκβ

֮ϵڲϽ֣㳹ױǷһСڣСڲϵСۿҪǡɹ˳ſռͶȥȥ
һɹɵһȭ׵粻˵ĹǣԷϾȫסʼھԵ·磬ȥҪܡ
ߣӵеƷΣӵʮԪʵΣܣעġ
˻ո£ܵĿռ俪ʼ䶯ŤٴķѹȥʱоĪѹѹЩ˳
ͼ
ŭһͷͼȭͷʱ΢ӿȭͷϣǿ񱩵׵磬ֱżĿռУĺķ飬ǹǿѹ˲ʧ
˶еıͼҲоʮּ֡ʵܱǼ֣ҪԸ͸ˡ
һʧٶ͵ı䣬ȥǣոռ䵽һʱһһͺ˹ҪնϣֹסĲӡ
վ棬Цһİˡ
ô֪ǲĺܱЦȻҪץסǼˣ֪ͷˣסǲ̫ܡ
㿴ֵĶҡҡͷȻöǱϾʵ̫ܵסĹͲˣҪץסȴ롣
ҪȰһ㶨㶢
ȻҲ뷨˵˵ͷеıгı֣üͷһ
ŭһӿϱԭӵʱâǣһȵм¡¡
㶢ˣϾ֮Уӵ˲̫ࡣӼңҲ̫ӵ
㵹м۹⣡˺һǶ÷Ҳ԰ˡ
ЦѣЦһ΢űǾɫӿ֮ϻȼա
޺ۣԭϣ
ŭһлһ𣬻ͬ˸ǶȥеĸǣһɰԵϵûλκα仯еıӭȥ
ǿǿϾǰܱѾˣȴκβǡһ˵˵꣬͵ıֱжȥƣ
ϣ΢ȴõסıķ顣
ڱͬʱ磬㹥˹ȥңαܿһĹһȴò¡
͡
Է㽻һһ֪ʱͨռؿڣ㱻ĵɳȥһƬɺѪҺ
ԪԶǳԪ޷Ͱ㱻ɣһ˵
˵ͬʱٴαȥ㹥ȥˣҪһٰܻ
ٴιˣӰãٵ㿪ǿѹЩѪ㰵ңҺĵط׭ҪȻƾһ϶ˡ
㱻ǻһ֮ôٶȣоȣǾȹ龪ȣеȴ˿ûм
Ӳ˵ģٴαӿɹУһռ֮ƣֱֱĺȥ
˭ҪˣһףֱֱӭһڴͬʱĽҲλãǧҲһ
еɫһ䣬ͬ˵һ֣Щ
Էͷ׼ֵסʱӰȴ͵һһȭ̺ʮһòס㡣
Ǿǧ⣡
һ΢ӿֲ֮ȭͷ
ɫһ䡣뵽ո㶯ʱ˿ûǿƣ򣺡ոСˡ
˶ȻоȣȴҲǵסб裬ҪƿĹ
ڴʱ˹ȥ
ٴδ⣬һЦһСûõģ
Ӱһǰǣǰʱ¶˹ЦݣԷЦݣжʱһֲõԤС
һ̣һΪܵĽǶȣ͵Ťתֹס˸ոռĲ͵ĺһ
ǾףԪն
Ĵ֮£ͼ֮΢ڵҲӿ׵¡ϣ޴Ȼͬһʱ̱Ǹոƿ㹥δӦİ
㹥ּͬ鵲ס㣬ͷɣ뵽ͻȻɱһǹУɫڲƽˡ΢׶Сӵģȴ
ǶԷϾǰпֲǿֲķӦȴ죬Լֱֱĺȥǿôǿܵס
ԷУĵɳȥ㶯ӿѪҺ˲Сƣȴûش
СԸңЦǸո˵꣬ɫʹž塣


561 ס
ԭУлŵ⡣Ԫ֮ͬѰΣվǰʹСҲκβҡǣĸ˻ûһϢͼǰʮ׭Щ׭ȼգһ񱩵׵磬׵Ż֮˹ȥ
׵ֵܵĻᶼûУ׵ȫϡ

һ쳹յĲҽͬʱݺݵڵϣҳһ޴ʯӣû֮С
˻δӦ֮ǰȼʮŷ׭ʮŷ׭׵磬һȥ
쵰µİһĻŭһбӭȥÿһ׵綼ųԪ֮һϣϰٵһȴòӭ˹ȥ
Էֵķ׭ЦӰ͵һ˹ȥ
һĻд󾪣ȴڲ㣬ֻĿա
֣ãסϲ
ס㣬д󾪣Ÿۡ
㿴ЦһȵƳȥЩһ֮УסĲԣž̵ץ˹ȥ
ȻмʵͲ̫ˣܷͱס
ס֣סĺһ쳹ռ䣬ԭĹ͵ֹͣ˴ĿедžͺȻ
رǿűҽӣŬĳҪȴζİʱһǺȻѡ
ôҲ벻ΧһԪȻɷһǰҶǿֵز
𵱳ȥϺ򶷵˴似˻ֻһЦУԪǳԪôǰʵǣǲ֪ǴˡԭҶ˿ֲûʩչط£Ӳһɷһ
ϵİҲ֮Уȳͬ飬һɹΪˣƵŭ㡣ֻҲ˾ξˡΧһԪͬȴһ˵ȥ˭ţ
ǣȴʵһУʵԪŲڰʵ
뵽ʱδʩչطǿʩչط֮ǺεȿֲǺȻеĪ
λҲ˰ɣʤҲˣǲ̸һǵĺЦеĿˣĿ֮ϡ
ĿתҡԭΪԼƣֻҪʰͿԡ뵽ƻϷŤתһԪֻΧסԼͬʱһⲻ˵Ц
ףԭͲƽûгɹɹãûгɹҲνʵҲѹְϷѣûڽǰҪȥ㡣Ϊ֪Ŷôǿʵ
ܵϼǿ㣬дǿҵĲʡ
Ǻǣ֣治΢΢һĲӾͶ𣿡ЦеĿ
ңŲ˵µİȴŭȵɱˣұ֤û֮ɡ
ͻȻЦЦ֪ҵŰɡҵǷӣ˵ҸҲ
˵ָ꣬ӵ
ǵ۹۹ҪǶʥʦҲŹ㡣ߵҪʶ࣬Ͱŵ
仰ƲƲ졣ɱԼ˻ʹɱ˶ʮúõվһʲô
㲻мЦʱ͵Ϊƣֱץ״ɫ䣬Ӱ͵ĺˣȥ
֣ң
ǣĻ˿ûãץҲƿĶһѿĺԭҪȻֹ
ڣжʣΣ˵һУ㵱ǾͲ֪
㿴űסĶͻȻЦλˣòûи״ʵļֵҪȼ۵ģŻỻһỻ𣿡
һʥʦ֮һȴ֮˭ļֵߣ㻹ж𣿡ߵ
ЦճֵļֵȻߡǣֵġ˭ĿеλҪҪȻǻΣҺܱǸĸǣĿоͬϵİһֵ⡣Ҫɱƫɱˡ
仰ʱˣ㺰֣Ȼ˵Ī֮Ҳ㽻ǳ㲻Ŀɡ
ͷ룬˵˵Ҳеģȵɱʱһ۾ģġ
һ仰ûаѶǺ֣ǿǺ飡
ʼ˵û˵𣿷İɣҪˣһúġ
˵꣬ȻĲܶ˵ʶȤѵ۽ҾͲܶĿ࣬ҪȻеƤ֮ܡ
λĲܶʱɵˡﻹˣԼͬ飬һ㶼ں
㣬ϾɫĶһҶүҾ͸Ҷ
ǹ̬Ͳһ㶼˶ô˵Ҳʥʦ֮ӡ
㰮ôξôΣںͬʱһźݺݵϣҽеͬʱЦһûҪٲһſɾûôˡ
ֱҲŭˣͬһ
Ҳҽһ㺰֣Ұ
˰ֵʥʦ֮ǲɱ㡣ֽŶѣʱϼ˾Уʲô
˵꣬ٴһ
ĻЦá
ô˵Ǳŭһٴ߳ͬ鲻㣬Թҡ
ʹĲҽĶŰ˵ʥʦ֮бɱҡ
ɱһЦȻɱ͸ɱɡ
仰ȴһ㶣һһԽԽݵ㣬һʲôҵģҪǲ˵㻹пɱ
뵽⣬㺰֣Ӽ
һ仰һ㶣漴һЦŶ˵֣лˡģõʱ϶һݣȻҪˣֻҴˡ
˵꣬ѹӼķȥӼһࡣ
һĻɫ󾪣ȵ治˲ɣҪǸٶҾ۶һֽš
㷭˷ۣЩͷڰ˵Ҫ۾ۣ˵ƨ
˵꣬ﳤȥ
˿ֺߵ㣬һ漴Ŀ⿴ǸҲû뵽Ȼ˿⡣



562 
ıӰ漴ֿһ۶ݺݵ˶һšվ涯۶϶ֽţʥʦ֮мֹ˼ɵġǶ£ʥʦҲӼҵĽڡԺأΪ壬һЩɾ飡ҪȨƱǲܶҲͰˡǣʥʦȨƱӼǿ٣
۸һûʲôҪ۶ֽšƶԷ׷ŹӼң
ģ
ǰҲͣŶǰ
һǰһ󣬺ƺƵĸϵܶӼ˵ƣ㿴Щƣһ񣺡λǰˣЩյֵǮҲֻܹ˲ʲôҪʲô˵ĵ
ҡͷԣЩһʮֲФӵƵġ
ٶ޵ֱҧرǼЦģǺ޲ſҧ㲻֪ʲôҪ֪ĻȻᷴθ
һϴ֣ҧԼΪԼǴɫССѸ֮İ
㣬ӼҵҪǸ¡Ӽ¶ŹġӼҲ۸ģĶ㣬һ˽βŭ
ģֻҪõȻƻ˵ţû۸˵İá
˵ŭ˫ۣǱһţֲҽ
ң
ҧݣû˵ǣ׼һżȥʱһŭ𣺡ס֣
ǸȻӼҵ˽裬ܵˣǿӼ档ҪԼ˹ܽҲͰˣһˡһˣӼҵôӼҵˣⲻǳǸʲô
תͷȥǸŭ㡣Աߣ͸ߴϻҲԣ󣬸һˡɢϢɫһ֪¾ȥԼˡҲ
ĸѾһǴ򲻹ġǣ֣㵹Ҳǡ
ֶֺΣߴϻۿ֮еЦ˭Ҳû뵽󵨵ֱֱ˼ȥ
ߴϻ۸ϵһˣץʱҲȻѣ굽׶ôֲͬģߴϻû뵽ǣȻǰµ۵Ҫ֪ĻҪĶ
ǣȻĶˣȻҪȡȻҲԲõС
ߴϻۣгԹοˣЦеĿ
ߴϻû뵽ͻȻ˵һ仰뵽ԼŴγԿ̲סһңܼûϵֻҪʤһΣǾʤˡ
仰еЦеĿŸߴϻۣǣʤһ𣿡
Ȼߴϻ۶˵
ЦЦŸߴϻ˵յҪǲʣҾͲ鷳Ҫǽ컹վյڳȻûĺӹ
вߴϻȻ¶мĵȴǰˣ˿СӡȻǼҶȴ廹Ҫš
ߴϻۣҶֻһ·ߡھǣⲢκεҡֻһҶһˣɱ֮һȻӾǡκεңЦеĿŸߴϻ˵أ
ĻӼҵǸɫһĻȻҶŷӣҪɱ˾ܣһ鷳顣ϾûмȻ˵ҵ鷳ҵ۹ʵ۱¶ԸǣǸȥ
ҴСȻûлص۹ȴǳصģҪ֪۹˶Ըң˭֪᲻ᱩߣ
Цߴϻ۴ЦΪɱ֮һˣܻų𣿡
ҡҡͷչһЦվȲϰϡǺǣҪǸ㣬һڱĵطĺܲҡǣȴúúõģŲţ
ߴϻЦҪǵھǣһż֡ǣھǡ
ǾĿԴɣЦҲ˵ʲôٴһߵϣңյĥҪȻҾֻķˡǵҲǵˡǣҲҪҡ
仰ܾ۵ʱҲһҪҷĻλܱסӸҴ϶ںϾʱѾӼҵ͸ˡ
ɫĪߴϻɫҲһ䡣ȻԸõۣһѾֲˣõҪٵõϹŴµһЩǻôԸ㣿
֣㲻ҪУߴϻۺ
仰̲סŭߴϻۣĹݵģǷѵ˽Ͳˣû˺ˡ
ѹֶŭˣߴϻ仰ȻӼҲɱǣֶϽŻǸġ
ߴϻ۶Ŷһ飿
һֻ޳һЩ
仰붾۹ģԼʱҲܿǣһ仰ȴڰֵһûһļһŸʲôֱɱ˾ǡ
ߴϻۼ˿ⶾüͷʵҪðȻ֣϶ܸ֮ǰɱȻǲġ
ߴϻ۸оԼȻܽˡǣȴû֡
ŶҲŭĿ㣬ߴϻ֪ǶһвûС
뵽⣬ߴϻҲ˵Ӽҵİ׼ô
ˣҶǺ𾴵ġǣʲôǵ˵Ҫ˵ˣһȥ͸ǶյֽǮ
㣬һ仰˵
ڤ粻飡һӿ׼ɨ
ס֣ˣкȻҪɨӼҵˡ
˵Ķ㣬ҧгݡ
̬ȣ˿Ϊ⣬ЦЦ˵Źģҵõ֮һ㡣
Ĺô޳ܵ˿˵Ļ
ұߵʯ壬ͷ£ͻ򿪡˵
㿴һۣ漴˵ûпͷϰߣȥ͡
ȻʣǻߵĿͷȻǰλ棬£Ǿó衣
Ȼͷ֮ǿʯ建Ĵ򿪣ʯ򿪣ܵʯҲ³ܿ죬Щʯ³ļˡ
üʱֵľ޿֮УһʯգʯղߣҲһҡվھʯǰʯɫƬƬھʯϡ
ƬϿգһڵıɢһɹƬѹ·
Ʒ㿴һû뵽ӼһⶫⱦɢϢⱦӦúǿرѹһ飬оһܱѹ
㿴ˣܲõͿ㱾¡ЦĿ㣬


563 
űµۣһһȭݺݵĺ˹ȥһ죬ĺܶŶ䣬ȭͷͱĹĤһ𣬺ݺݵײһ߱ྡྷϣ𵴵Ť
ͬһɷ֮ĵ֮Զ
ǿķ㶢оˡҪǣ̺֮ϡ
ҲоƷٵĿҪˣΧǣȴܱһǼ侪˵ģ
˵ȴ䣬һȭȭݺݵĺÿһȭʯѽ֮һȭȭ£ĺܶŶ䣬ľҲŤܿռ䡣
һ¡¡ľ죬𶯵Ϊ֮Ť˿̺ȭͷһδεĺɢĹâкȻֻǺȻÿһȭʯѽ𣬸ӺȻⱦķȻ˿ѹۡ
ھ֮󣬺ܶһƲķҲòҪĶ
ʮȭһȭһȭԵǾˣǺ
㣡ûõģﵽ޵ľ磬пܺҪȻ޿ܡͻȻЦӼҵ֮㲻ȫҲԼӦеڵʵǸƲġ
һҲ˵ȡͼͼ֮еҲһڱĹĤϡһ𶯿ռû˺ⱦ
ҪܱʮпƿķǣȻӵȴΣȫЦĺܿġ
죡һźݺݵϣ˲ҽ
ٴκһҲоʮֱû˿ƣȻܱȫⲻǿЦ𣿿ǣƫƫһжˡԼŽǰĵȴò
㹥˿Ч̲ס֣㵽ваҶˣҪƲͿˡ
ĻЩûΣݺݵĵ˶һ۵ŲУһӶУ
ģô˵ģΪһͦˣôܱ˵ɲУ
Ǳͨ죬ͬŭĹģȻһЦҲ˵
۾ߣбߡʱЦĿ㣬ѹҪкαߵۡ
ٴһźݺݵϣŭһ˵ʲô취ƿⱦ
ܣߵ
һСϣҽһһŹڵϣֱŽţҽݶŤˡ
˵ôŪⱦ㶢ߵ
ҧݣܽϴľۣܵľۣ֪ԼСȹûбԷ߶ϡ
˵һξһֻš㶢ߵһûа취ŪⶫϾӼҵĶ
Ķ㣬дź⣬ȴһ仰û˵
ڤ粻飡Ҷھ͸㣬ڤ粻ֻ·һŭһҵҪĹͷжӲҵļ磬һ̷ǧС죬Ҷ㳢һ¡
˵꣬гذףϻһ£ϣʱƤ¶ɹɺѪҺ
˵ǲ˵ôѪذ·ĨһѣĨѪҺ
ӣߴϻһ˿ôһи̾һȻ˿飬ѵ浱ӼҺ۸ɣļ۹ʥʦҲǣӼҾҪǣ
ıͲڣͻȻЦˣϲйˣ֪ΪʲôΪһǺúǰģԣйˣȻһԭ򣬻һԭйˣĥĸһЩ
˵仰ʱٴһϣٴһҽС
Ǻǣ˵ǧУҾҲһһ䣬ҵҪֶܼٵļ֣˵ˣͺ˵Ȼһϣ㲻Ҫ̫ҡҪȻ̫ȤˡЦſ
ĵ׼ٴλӼҵǸϽס֣
㲢û֣ͣǼһתͷԷЦôʲôҪ˵ģѵܿⶫƿ
㣬ٿһŵеŭգȴסˣյȭͷүûпֻ֮ܿڼң²ҪΪү
仰üͷ˵˵ģ
Ťͷȴһ仰Ҳ˵
ˣüͷذŲţɱ㡣
㣬סۣĥңȴɱңɱңҲӲӸ㻹Ҫҡ
ͻȻЦ㵹Ǵˣԣǲɱ㣬ҵĥܵס𣿡
Ҳ֮һңҲҿеòʲô˵
仰ĵף治֪취ˣ仰Ȼ˵ǿƣȴǷ˼
㶢ǸĪģʱ򺰵֣㵽ûа취Ҫûа취ϽʰҲҰǵĿơ
ĺֱӣٴκݺݵĺ˼ȭ޷
ģôȫƽʮֲˡܶãҲֻʹһ
Ӽҵ֮ȷʵϧⶫֹ֡
żӣûõģӼҵ֮ﵽޣҲһƿ
Ϊûа취ƿ𣿡㶢ЦҪˡ
ЦһѪȲ˵ֻĹǿơ
㣡ſүǿ߳ӸӼҵİҲȵ
ЦҶǸۡ߾ߣõָָ𣿡һͻȻ˺͸ߴϻһȺЦǵΪƲⱦɣѣ֪˻Ϊʥ
˳Ĭʱ򻹿Ӳ㻹ӲáҪУͰˡ
Ҿ㿴ôٵҵ֮ġ
˵꣬ٴο˺ʮ֮ԶҲ͵ı
˼ģ΢΢üͷһ㡣һѵһʲôֶƿɣҪ汻ƿǾͳˡ
оһɹɱӿƣһǿ˰ܿĳǾʵƲܱʮľƷ
ǣǰȴţͬʱһɲмЦϤĸߴϻۺͶˣЦݣа취ƿǣʲô취ʵʹطԶԶ


564 ۵
壬ӼҵҲĶ㣬԰رӼҵİѹȥҪǹ˼ͳˡ
㣡㲻ҪƣӼҵ֮Ƿƣ
ͭҲܹ֮Цĵɨһۣ͵һ˲һ߹ŶŶתתٶȼֲҲоʲô
ҾͻıһһģŶȥٶȱ绹Ҫϼ֣֮һӰֻһĹâ
˿âʱЦһƬ뻹Ϊʲô취ԭƣֶΣƿķѹⲻ˵Ц
˲ΪȻΪ֮һʱڿռȴһ죬겻ϵԭѹµĹĤͬһ˲ѣⲻ˾ǣ˾ǣǲƷײ֮ϣոջͭǽڵıʱȴͬһײ棬ѱըƬÿһƬŲССƿ֮
ʱҲӿԼȡȻںȴҲ֪ȵӳӼңҪݡ
ըԭıʱ򰵵޹⣬ֱֱĵڵ棬һĶ֮
ͬʱڶʥʦһӣȴ͵һѪҺдźȻ֮ɫɫŤ
һҲĿͬһڵϵıǾ֮ɫҲţոջ̩ɽıȻڶԷ⿴һ»
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˵ɻ֮УŶģ֮С͵ģЦһǿǿǣܱȵùĹŶ
ĹŶȻ޷ãײһ·ʲôģ˿ڻĵġ
˶ʧĿ⿴ûбѹĵϣȻҲͨĶûѹǣͼߡ
ۼٶȲҲһⶫҪߣԼһж׷ˡ
Ӱңʹ£һӰӣۼȥ
ͬʱͼһ΢ƬѹȥԭΪۻֵ΢ѹ£º͵ľֹ΢ͼ֮Уͼɫ֮ܽϡ
ϲ΢Ȼ棬µ۵Ĵ۶׾ٵѹ
˲ѵʱȴּȵѹһ㶣ͱ˾ˡ𣬸ոµߣ˲Ҫǽˡ
֣ȽҲðǿˡԷţּûʣɿɥ
ûĻգոձŶײıɷı룬ⵣȻϵˡɱϾǾƷӦûǺмֵġ
˿һѵıɫʮѿӼҵ֮Ȼٵˡң֪õʲôֶΡֻмһƷ
ߴϻۺͳҲӶԷп˾֮ɫ˭Ҳ벻ȻϷı仯ߴϻȻûʩչʲôֶΣҲո˦ĶȻҪǿƷֻܵĵˣ
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壡ѵղ뿪ӼҡߵİŭĸѡΪ֮󣬰ϾͰѵ۸ҪǶߣϣΪ
ĺӼҵİ㣬һɹƱӿѹס㡣ߴϻۺͳҲֲѹȥ
ǿңոΧңѲ׼ˣ㶢һˡ
ߴϻ۹ЦֵʵǲСԸ㣬Ҳ㲻̫
ǿ佱𣿡ЦеĿŸߴϻۡ
ߴϻЦֿԵǿ佱
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Ȼոһŷ׭Ĵ빦͡ڶԷ֪Լӵз׭ʹǰ취ˡ
һеķҪǹŶҲܾͺˡǣƫƫŶܿơײ֮Ŀԣײȴܣ
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˶һۣ˵ͷһɹϯܵĿռ俪ʼ䶯ȥܵĿռ
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ٶǹģλЦǲӼҵİ
˵꣬˵ٴα˼֡оƣɫҲн׵ĲΡӼҵλȷʵǿܶࡣ
ݡ
̲סһȻ˼ɣеĶȴ˿׵籬ӿףĺһһ״һ˳ȥռ俪ʼ䶯ڿռ䶯£Ҳӿռ֮͸һ
䡭
һ죬ıķ飬㱻ĺ¶ݡ
ǲԪ֮ͱѹΧһǣĺ˵Ϊֹ߼ҵİߵ
ߴϻ۵˿һĻҲһ˴δİҺʵǿʱΧ㣬ڽӣֻ־һ·ߡ
֣Ҫ㣬Ͳߴϻ۶㺰
ߴϻ۵ĻһϧҲ㣡־ܣδ̫Ц˵㡣
ԲѣһλŭȵԼ˳֣ҲסġʩչطҲͬס
˼㱻ΧţҲİΧ£˵ǳԪǰô



565 
λҿǾûҪɣ۸һԪ֮˵ȥҲЦ㡣㶢ͻȻЦ
֪ˣӼҵİߵϧûã
ΧңҵȻˣȻ˵λŹҡ
ЦǾǼЦͬʱٶҲ磬ԶߣһֱӼҰӼҰűСӣϽֵ
ȴᣬңʹ£Ӱһ̾߼۶
ɣʧӳ̵ľ룬ŭһ㣬׷ȥͬʱһ㹥ȥ
ܵ󹥻ڵӿԪննһֲĵⱬһ𣬿ǶԷϾﵽнװֵܵģˡ
Ӳ˵ģٴǰΧ
òӳ˵İΧǷ룬ױһ𡣵ס˷ҵһȱڣ
ߣ
һ׷ȥϵĶȴ˿һϵĻ
ֲŰռ䣬˶̧ͷųˡȫѹƣֻһ·һ¶˷֮ɫرȭͷȭͷ֮ĳ޲һͰ
֣İɣӲ˵ģΧнװʩչطҲûáߴϻ۰ο˵
ɿȭͷҧгݵ˵Ҫ
ߴϻۿϵѪԼտҲʯգȫ顣ֻǣ˭Ҳ벻
֮ϣڱܿ˵ĹʹǿֲٶȣҲ챻Χ롣
ģ㱻һоϻʹ̲סŭһһƴ֮ͬʱ֣ס
Ǿԭ
ǰٴκһУŭһĻ滯һֱȥͬʱһҲɨסԷ
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ž޴ײ֮ٴαɳȥ
治ֻǳԪ֮һЦǾǿҲֻһ;ߡ
һ˵ǲֻһ·ߣ˵ġ
˵꣬߳ϰŷ׭׭׻һںһ޴ɢŹɹɽɨ
֮ܵɢĿֲһۣ˶Էе𺳡Ȼ˵Ͳǣʲô簡
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һĻҲ˾ǲˣһ̧ͷգǽ׵ľһ㵡
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СӻǲʹطɡһģҪȻܵסԷа
𺳣Ǿʩչطǿܺ˿ֲ̲ס
ǣȴ֪ʱȴԷȫѹƣѪҪңһܿԷͻˡ
ģսȥУǵҸˣһΧԼֵֹ
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Ц㼥ЦһҪңǲһǲܵġ
ڤ粻飡
߼Ұŭȣһɹڱӿʱһɨ˳ϰ֮ɢɭĺ⣬ȥɨĵطռΪ֮𵴲Ϣһѷ֡
Ҫסͷһ֮УԸ߼ҰʵǿҲнװʵܽµġ
ӰҪܿǣҲǳصģǶ£ѹ£ıƻظոյλãòӭֲ
ҵҪʲôµ߼ҰЦۺϿռ֮Ӳȱʮ֮࣬ʱӿһԪҲԿɣ
û˵һģһ俪Ʒɫ֣ɫָ֣ϵĵ㶯ϹⲻָλãЩϹɫ˲ͻףɢſϢ
ףΪ
ŭһȫ׵ƣ类һ㣬һ¡¡ָλãȴһɵӿ
ҧĿȴȻ׵硣õĹԼʿͷʮֲϡ
ӹһ٣ӦȥҵϵˣҪȻ̫һ
ֹеȴϵıɨһһ¡죬㱻ĵȴĵһ
߼ҰȻܵסһɫɢļϢ̲ס̾һƾ⣬ҲźͰһս
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µˣտֲһһĭرǿĵǸ꣬еĺȻơ꣬ȴǲǳģ
Χ㣡һսҪϼˡ
ȷʵһӣǷôȥ
Ҳ֪ʲô飿

۷׷ףĿȴ֮ϡ֮ϣɭͿ񱩵ٴν档ߣ
ѾעˣҪ֪ǣֶܼáְܼ̣԰ˡܼһ̣ǽҪܼһʱǡǲܵģ


566 ս
ϵײʶȥҪ׽顣һȥˡ
֮ϣΪ˵ĺ̻俪ľ׵ҲϴС
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ݡ
ȴҲܲͼϯӭһ㿪ǿС
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µ˿һĻһҪֲסˡ
ɱ
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׷һЩ룬һȵԼΧܵԼֱɱˣöˡ
ں׷ٶҲ¡ĺǵٶȱһ¡
߼ҰҲٶԺн׵߱ˡ˾棡˼־񣬲Сӡ
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նʱ˹ŹֵһĻȻλռ˾ԵϷ磬ɫĲҰǣӴܵٶȴ˿йȥˡǳ˲ٿȴɻκβ㡣ǲܿѹס
һʵȷʵǿһİ֣вϣΪ֡
˴ôöûסˡ
СΧ£Ȼܿ˴빥ǻв϶Ӳ¡Ŭһѣ

˻˵ŻٴҪܡ
˿ղӴܣܿ˿ֲ㣬кȻȻΧ¼һϡ
ʵ̫ǿˣǳԪⴿǴ˵ġ
ǰôãȻκβ
ǿģû뵽ܿľһҴﲻ֮Ҳˡ

۲ϣ˿ʼ㻹ֶܼá
ҿܵסǶУ
ߴϻ۵Ļ˵꣬˵Ĺٴκ˹㱻ؿڷƣһѪҺ̲ס˳ȥռɺһƬ
ˣ
ȣվܴ漣Ҫˣ
⻹Ǵ漣ѵһҪ˲ɣ
΢ΪԼѹѪһȴ˿ûмס˵ĹʱҲϼء
ȥԼ඼ᱻΪʱ򣬾΢Ҳһ鷳顣
ֺ飬Ǳ֮Уиǹ˼ɡ
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䣿ǻ񣡡һһȭݺݵĺ˳ȥһȭȥضΪ֮ѣֽ˱ܿ˵Ĺ
߼ҰҲЩͷˣһȷʵ˱Ȼÿһѹסǣһٶ꣬ÿζǱձܿ
ұˣһСסɣ
߼Ұȥͱˡʱ㣬Ҳˡ
ǾôаɣӼҰҲʮֲͷĿ㣬һѲ
˴һ£һɹޱĴ֮бһɹ˵ǰȵĿռ䶯䶯֮䣬ļ¿񱩵Ϣ
ѵ׼ͬʱôжԸ𣿡
Ҳ̫ǿˣȻôС
һ



567 ֮
ֱֱĶ֮ϣ䶯Ŀռޣͬӣ˷ӿȥƱˣ
˶һĻ̲סΪмϧһҪشˣ
㿴ҲżֺȻӷı˳ȥǣͨռ˷ӿӲˡ㲻ûϵǣʱϵҲˣ˺ʩչУﵽҲס
㻹ߣӼҵİȵ㣬һҪȥ
˵꣬ӿͨռ䣬䶯ĿռȽˮȥ
㣡ɣ߼ҰҲ
ߴϻһ˿֮ͬһ˾ǿ档Ҳ˷ܲѣһҪ䵽ˡʱ򣬶ȻҪǰĳӶһ
λ壬ʰˡϵ˿ڣոմ˿ѿ̲סҽһ
㣡㻹ʲôֶΣ־ܰɣ߼Ұߴϻ֮ǰʥʦͰʾСһܿԣһɱ
Ȼ߼Ұ֪ʥʦΪʲôİʾȴᶨִСǣʱ˶ôУÿһжʮɵЩͨռӿȥпܱ
ҪˣǶԸʥʦҲýԣ߼Ұϣģʱ㶪ߴϻһˣô涼Լʲô顣
ǣȴȻԸΧɣ׵ƣ׵ĸǣӰҲˣȻֵ
ȣҪǵ㲻ûһǣͬʱֱ˴УﵽҲ֮ܵ
ǰǼǿÿһжʮɵͨռӣһһô򵥡
һӾˣ
һУܳң̫Űһ㡣ԪǵΧ

۷׷ף֮ӿȵĿռ伷ѹԽԽСܿҪշѹ顣
㣡Ҫڤ粻飬ҪȻֻ·һ߼Ұٴκȵ
ʲôҲʸŭһҧݵֵշѹ
߼ҰҲŭˣԼҲܲô࣬ҪһаҪˣҲԼȡ
뵽⣬߼Ұŭȣޱڵӿ䶯ռ䣬ͬҽһȥ
ɱɱ
һĻ˷ܴ󺰣ʹǣ˿ʹѣǲϵĺѾ֮ǣ޲ðҡ
еĺУȴͻȻĴЦ׵ӿΧȣ˭Ҳı顣
ŵĴЦ֮СӱƷ˰ɡʱЦ
˭Ҳɱң
һȣ׵ǿ񱩣һжڵʱֻģĸоóʲôϾͱ׵ڵ㵽ʲô
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ƣȻҲ˻ʹڻʹһλܵһƣ͵վдż־ŵغܣԲܣ
ͬʱʹһϹҲ͵۾ڵܣ
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ʹϹﾪһոһ£ȴǹϢʧһɶüѡ
ûʵңϹﺰһ
ǣʹϽŻʵڵĹȥ

ǹɺصϢҲһ˲飬ڷ˵ĺϻ֮Ҳʧһɶͬʱ֮е㣬Ҳƺһӿ˹ɹѪҺֱֱĴ£һľϣ֦ơ
˿һĻһɹ㶵ĿɫҰ׵㣬֪ôһ
˸Ƿ㶣ոǹȥƣżֺȻ㡣ʲôĴڣܱͬ·ĿֲϢ
ӵıߴϻҲĿɫҰ׵㡣ʹҡҡͷܣ죬ҲܱơطǿȱϾֻгԪոƣ׳űˡҿʱɫҰ׵ȻҲܵ˸ոǹƵ˺
뵽⣬ߴϻ΢΢һҪܱƣҲҺΪˡʹǸʥʦҲκβ㡣үүȻǿȴҲû°ơ
λͬѹзѪĶ㡣еľ岻ơȻһϢʱ䣬Ϣȴ޷ġܱƣ
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Ҳûӵʥ־òܡȻֻһϢʱ䣬ȴܸоⲻͬһ˵Ϣ飡
οͬѰʥҲʱõġ
뵽⣬Ķ㣬ҪһЩߡ
Ǵʱ㣬ȴڷ΢һƲǰдлСӣֻпٵĻָпӳȥ
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ոޱȣ֮ͨܰϢ֪⻪ǿߵ׶ôֲ
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⻹ֻһ΢׵ϣ
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ŬȶеһϢڷѪĿֱֱĿλβܶԸǡʱһȵϢԶӿ쳹գ˭Ӽ¡
仰ɫ䣬ԷȻһǿߣ⻹ô棿


568 ̸
˵Ŀ͵ĿķֻǸһ˻̤˿ˣЩ̲סڵӼҼ
ɫӼҼһ˼ͬ顣Ѿмˣʱһ֪ǳӼҼⲻǰ·ϱ
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ӼҼſȫѪҺϸŲѪۡеŨ񣺡˭ɵģ
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ӼҼʱˣĶ㣬еŭⲻƣûж֣ʵӼҵıҲٵģ
д㵣ô֪뵽Ӽҵ֮ͺͶԷѪˡ
ΣҲΣʱҲûá
ӼҼĻȴԼұķôƵˣ˱˵ҲС
ôĵӣȻӼ£㵱ӼҺ۸ɣӼҼŭʶ㣬ǰɡ㵱˼ˣ޵У
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һҲ˵ʱѾˡǾֻмսȥˣ΢ָ壬ոһսļ󡣼ϵƣҪǲָĻǸս˶á
ңӼҼھҲͷҲ֪ʱжǿ
ӼҼĿתӼҵİ˵ٵˣҲ䵽ˣ
ӼҰЦ϶ҲˣвټҶֽš
϶ˣӼҼŭǳʺĸȻһ
ӼҰ仰ɫҲͨ죬ȴ޷ͣѵ˵ڲֻ϶ˣ˶ˡԵֻһԪ֮
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β¶һһһĻǺͬģͻʵ۵˼һµģΪ˲š
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϶κβˣȻͷȥԸⲻԴʲôҪΪУҲҪȵϳ˵
ӼҼŭŭĵȴ׼Ź㡣Ӽңٵҵʲ¡
㣡˵һ˵ҲӦùʡǣ㵨̫ˡӼ£ӼҼŭȵҪǲúóͷ㣬ջ֪˸ҴӼҡ
׼ôʰأ㶢ӼҼЦе˵ͲúͶԷԼܽ΢ָһЩ
ܼ򵥣ӼһԶȣͷǸյʹˡӼҼ˵
ͷЦ󡣵ǻΣ͵ȼġӵе֣һͯҲܵסĹ׻١ǵȴûж١УҲһļ塣ҽҵҡӼȻȨƲȴûʸӵĶ
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һж޷ˣԺһҪվĶ档
ҪӼܰɱ˾ˡߴϻа˵

ӼҼӼҵ˺ƺƵǰ˵վмֹ˼ɵ˵ȥͨˣӼӽ
͵õָʾźƺƵӼˣȻĻشԲүڼҡүذɡ
ûϵܲͨҪ
˯ˡ˵
Ӽ˿Ÿյ̫˯ˣƭ˭
ӼҼɫ˲Ͳÿ˵ȥղͲˡ
󵨣ҲŭǰǲүŭȵʲôȻвߣ⣬̫ˡҪǻ뿪ҵۡ
ҲըˣԼһүȻˣҪ˵ȥǶˡ

һȳȥȵ˵ڵϣ³һȻǹ˼ǵۡˣֲ̫ء
һƣǶʱ캰صĴ˰˰ۡɱˣү˹
ң춯ܡ
ʲô˵ô󣿸ӽ£ǰɱˡһŭȣźƺƵϰ˴ӸۡӼҵ˰Χȡ
үҸյסҪɱҡվָصŭһȺˡ
ӼҼԷϷһ˵ܹӣǰݷ֪ɷһ
ǺǣһΪ˭أԭүͻȻЦҲǰһкһȥ㰡
ܹӲÿ˴ǰֻҪһˡӼҼ˵
𼱣ͻȻ˵ʱ˵ոҵ˵Ҫɱǣǲô£
ӼҼüͷ豾ҲģҴúùܼһɱǣȫǶ׫ġ
ŭȵ赱үˣߣôĵӣҶ嶼ҪǷˣ˰Ǵȥһٹ
ү¶֣˵ǰﺰүǾûүүźƺƵڡסǣүҪɱǡүҪΪ
ɫһЩӼҼ˵ôͣ
ܹӲǵĹɣô˶ҡʲôѵ⻹д
үûУ޵ǵΪүôһү˶ӼҵģӼȻα֤
˵ͷӼҼ˵壬ҺƽǵСµģԲһ壬һȺڵܼңҪʲô
ĻӼҼһۣѾЩס˾ָʾġ
뵽⣬ӼҼҲ˺ƤֱԿڵ
㣿ɻĿӼҼô֪
ǣ˵ܼˣӼҼĶѹȥѹϣоֲѹѹ亹ֱð
ӼҼɨһۣҲش𣬶˺ң㾾ߣһﷸ˸浽ȥҲռ
Ȼû뵽Щ浨ô󣬳ҵ㣬㻹л·



573 ֮
ӼҼŭǰӼңһҽȥһ
үǵʲôطֵӼҼƣȵ
֪Ѳﷸ㵽ҲӼҼһĶķϣҲ붯㡣ǣҪٸңͱҲ
˵꣬ӼҼƸǱӿֱֱշѹ£о˶Ҫ¡ļ֣³һĽӡ
һĻкȻﺰү
ӼҼٶҲһЩˣӼҼȻĵĴֵоȵͬʱֲסĿתƵϡӼҼһޣۡ˵ס
ӼҼӦܸ˵Ӳһ١
ۡݲҰŬĵֵӼҼƣȴ˿ʾӼҼȵ
Ҷһ޺ȳ⣬ܶ˶˴ĴָҲһӡ
ӼҼȴŭˣԼʲôˣһٵıЩȳ⣡ȻǲԼԼҲ˲ôˡ
Ǿ͵ˣӼҼߵ㲻ÿԳ֡
ӼҼ׼ȥľܼҵļǴ󺰣ϣܿ
һ׼˦µʱһö֮дүȻ˲ڼңҲ۸ġ
˾ֻһӺݻٸ߳Ů˺
֣ӼҼҲֹסľٶһӽ
үض񣡲֪үڵĴôǰʲôѵҪɣӼҼ˵
ӼҼûڣȴ߿ĸףҪΪ岻ֻɱӼҵǶԺ֡
ڰֹ֣סĻЦ񵭵ĿӼҼүǲҪһ£
ӼҼЩͷܲܽ£ΪʲôѲһﷸ
ʲôﷸЦ˵ү˵Ц˰ɡҸۡûﷸ
أǽɡô϶ÿӼҼ˵ǴһҪס㡣ҵĳһҪ
˵㰡˵үذɡ
αҪΣۿ߽˵ҪǲԸ⣬ֻӲˡӼҼ˵̤꣬ǰһĶ
в𣿡һЦʮ
ңֻǣӼҲ۸һҪӼҼֱֱĶдŲ֮ɫ
ҪǲأһֱŵЦʱͻȻʧǳһӢʮֱˣվӼҼ棬Ӱ·׳˼
˿ǿŮһ㵲ѡһ˲䣬ǾȻƸˡ
ʹͬһ㶡ûмԼĸǿƵ̬УĸһֱǸ߹º񵭵ġǣʱȴ߰ǿƵͬһŮ
ɱ˵̬ӼҼҲ΢΢һ㶡һ֮ͺһ˵Ҫ˵ĻǾͱҲˡ
ЦһϴŲмӼҼ˵ȻھǣҲһЩСèС衣˭ͱֵ丮
ǿƵĻӼҼҲ˵ʲôһ˺ȵȥѣҾ
ǣӼҵ롣
ɣ
һ仰֮⣬һӰЩӰӼҵ˰ΧȡһɹƱӼ˶ͬʱ֮ϣҲվżλߣ۶Ӽˡ
Ӽҵ˲䱻סŰΧǵˣдż𾪡ܼӿļҶȻﵽ֮ǼյģǴﵽС
Ҳ
ӼҼʱɫҲû뵽ôǿһȺǿҲķڸ֮ۡӼҼ岻𵱳˵һ仰¶ڵмֹ˼ɵġ
Ǻεڵżֹ˼ɣԲԼô򵥡ӼҼЩǰˡǣ뵽ҵϾͻָǿôռҾԲܷŹ㡣ҪȻָһ鷳
ĵ̱ʶˡӼҼ˵ǣЩ˻סҡ
˵꣬ӼҼһƺݺݵ˳ȥֱϵļСһҪʵ⼸˾Իˡ
Ӽ˼ƣһҲһǿǱϾûжǿߣǵסǡ
ǣΪСʱȴһ䶯ռ֮ݶȥĵһƣһХû𣬾ʧһɶ
ĿɿڴһĿ⿴ȻոҲˣ񵭵ŮˣҲһ֣
ӼҼͬͣոǵŰ׾ٱԷˣ
ȥӼҼ˵ҪȻŻȥ
ӼҼüͷһȵҪСţʵǿ
ɨһۣҲ˵漴պݺݵĳơ
ƺݺݵĳ£ҲĶӼҼ³ѪҺûվȣˤڵϡ
һĻʹĭһŵĿʲôʵһ޼ߣûУͱȵˤڵϡ
Ҳɴ۾ĸףɫ͡û뵽ĸףȻʵ찡ް
ӼҼҲ¶֮ɫ֮Ҳк֮ʵⲻܣôʵ
һ˵£ҴУȥ
ǣˣһзӦӼҵ˹ȥ
ӼҼһҽ֮Ҫס˳֣һ仰Ҷ
ҪǸҳ֣ҾͶֽš
˰զ࣬Ŀⶼû뵽ŮˣȻҲһ档
ˣһֻˣΪ׵С˵
ͷȥɡ
ǣ
˶뿪ǰתͷӼҼ˵ոǸĽѵϲսġǵķϣվͷŹҪǻԼ˼
ӼҼҧݳĬĲƽ
㣬ҪбȥץԼȥץǣȴ̤ĵطһۣ漴˵Ϳͣ
壡ɣ˵
ӼҼһֶΣˡǣ
˼ӼҼ뿪ףܼҲֻǵǿ񵭵Ůˣͬɲ⣡



574 ʲô
ӼҼߵϢʱǡףԭǸӣԭҲһֲǿߡӼҼûл֮ʵ
֮
ܶһ뷨뷨һһ˾ʹſˮھ֮Уϵĺ֮ûСλʥʦҲǰѡ
ǣķȴﵽ־硣֮У֮ѾᱻΪˡ
ԭܶΪھǿ۸ܼҵĹ¶ĸڲףܼǲ۸ġܶˣʱǵ˼
ȻӼϢͬھһɹɷ粨ܶ˶ӵĹ˼ȻӼΪ׵˺ʰˡ壬ʹ˶֪ȴ֪

Ϊ۷׷׵ʱȴǰƯЦ̣֪ôǿҾɱǼӬˡ
仰ݺݵһԴ˵㻹浱ҰˣͿʵôˣ㰡Ͳ֪һ㡣һԴġ
Цģʹ˻ܻúúõģһûʵһִ䣬ԵСѡ̫顣
ҡҡͷȷʵʵŭ£ȻΪʲô
ֻǣôԵվһߣʵۻ᲻вõ뷨ϾһЩ˼ġ㵣ĵʵ
Լǲ£ҺͱӡŮ壬Ҳʲôǣܼȴͬ
ҡҡͷ˵ûϵڻؾ֮ǰͷйһ̸ΪЩС£һȻԷżֹ˼ɡǣǱȴȫηӰҵģֻһүѣ̫⡣
˵⣬˶٣Ǻܶ˼ھǣ۸ǹ¶ĸýǣܵǵġ
˵ͷЦô˵Ҿͷˡ
ӽָ֮ȡһƬۣݸߵ˵ӼҵĺöһƬʱǰȥµĹѨʱŶһⶫҲȥ
ۣ۾һѹ᲻˺ǰȥӼңԭⶫ
Ƭۣüͷ˵Ѷⶫ֪УʵԱⶫ
Ҫĸ˵
˵Űɣ㲻԰ڣӦû֪
ȴͻȻЦ˵ĶԣȻƬû˻ỳɵϣѾȥˡ˲飬Ҳֻ鵽ҺͶһһƬ
ôᱳڹܻɵ˵
ȻôҲǸ˹һۣͲòڹЦ
˲ף漴ȻһЦҲǣǼһﻹ׬ˣûгҲܽõۡ
仰㵱ûпѾģ㻹˵仰ʲôû
ô㡣
ٸһͻõĲࡣЦ
㰡Ժעһ£նѹ


̸ЦʱڻʹһԴȴͻʵƣ̸Ц
һ̺ŮͻȻֵӣоȲѡ֪˭Ȼûʵ۱˶ԴǴûмʵ۱º͵Цݡ
δɰ
Ҳʵгɡ
˴˱˴ˣǱθһҼˡ
۹ʵȻ˵ʲôǲƽӲʹ顣
ˣʵ۱˵ֻǲ֪ǣǸʲôˣ¾ȻĻ
ֶӣЦ
һ仰ûʵɫôҲû뵽Ȼ˵ֶӣֹһΣ˵ŶôǿʵʵҲһԼǸѡǶԵġˣھǳ¡
ֻ޺棬ԸµʵݺֶΪγΪҵļҶȻЩͬȴֵøµֶԱۡ
ǵѡҪҶҲûа취ֹˡЦ˵һҲԼҶΪܡ
ʵüͷվûмȥʵӼҵʱ򣬱ǹƣܸܲһͣӦò˵ǹ㱬İɡǿǿȴʩչġ
ʵҲ˾ξˣʵŲʱˡֻûȥѣǹһϢȻҲоˡǹϢȻֻй¶һ˿ԽʵǿˣԽܸоĵʱʱҲ
ѯ֪㱬ġȻѣһ뷨뵽ϡϾͷϣǿǿǲһܱϢ߾ǣϵڣƾ꣬ǲϢġ˼⣡
ܸһ𣿡
Ц˵ǰҼһλڵϢϴڵڷӡһ˿Увƣ
ӵſڿûʵüͷѡšȥɣбĽ
£˭ˡѹֵ굨ĸʹˡʵЦ
ҡҡͷֻǷҲѪӡһƶѡֻʹһΣ֮ûˡ
ҲΪ룬Ͼ˵ܲǺ¡
ʵۿһۣҲ֪Ųšֻȴ˼ӵݡǹʲôεܱģĵеסԷȻܳǿߣǳԹˡ뵽⣬ʵ۾̲סһĴҶǰɣ
ģʹԻʵ۵ĺ̲סһֿڡ
һλڣҪݷһ¸µڣ֪ܷ֪һ£ʵûڵķԸ
˵˵ӴŹȴҵȥˡǿߵϢǲͬģһܱǿϢģȷʵͬǻᴩ
Сӵô£ѵңйأһ
Ȼ뵽뷨ѾӽʵˡͬǣɢһϢһѡҪ֪ĻȻг
ǲ֪ʲôʱȥݷأʵȻ׼Źӡ
ԼĹûãЦҲסûȥʾһڵĳϺڵ뷨ܸ𰸡Ӧòܾɡ
ʵվǵ˵ͷ֪Щغء
ǺǣǸܲʵ۱°һæǺһЩǱϾһҲʲô£ҿ˰ɡ
仰ʵǺݺݵĳ鴤⻹ֻǽк֣ʲô£ҿʲôǴ£ѵһʹǴ²ɣ


575 ټ
ӼҼһȳȥ֮ӼҼǰȥʵ۸״˲ǣʵ۾ȻûмӼҼңһȥͬʯ󺣡
Ϣʱ۷׷ףǾõǣ˲ǿ
ȻҲ⣬ԭΪʵ۾㲻̫ʰһЩС϶Ҫġ뵽ʵ۾Ȼһ仰˵㲢֪Դ׾ڻʹҪ֪ĻͲ֣ҿ϶ֵĸ
ǣʱҲͻȻû´棬żװװɬСŵװӵϷһѡӾһĹȥ
ЩӣӼҵҲΡȴû˭ǰ鷳
㲢ΪԷǸоűıǺǲǸԭǰġ
ȹºÿд㲻ѯźϡӺõĽһûһӶ벽
Ҳϴȥϴ˵ĵطϴӦˣ
õϵĿ϶ûھͣ͵͵뿪ǡڰǼģﵽǴһ־硣ﵽҲͬ㲻ֻǿ׻ˣҲţˡ
ϣҪȥʲôطźϣҲܾȣʲôطȻٵĴﵽ
㵽˾֪һЩöȡҵЩ֪ܳҪܳ룬ܽЩ˵
ҲϣܰѶ˵ܸȻԺܽˣֻҪػ㻹Ƿǳ˵ġ
Ӧ׼˰ɡϧϵǣҪȻΪϴߴߡ̾һ
ЦǵǲãϼһﻹеģңЩҲЩңҵĵ̣һʱҲȫ롣
·һƥͺһ·̸ЦߡȻͬһ㣬㻹ǸоٶȲ̫죬ˡ룬ԺлỹһͷΪޡ
˵ĵطңԶգϻǲϵ·
ϣҪòܵĿĵأʵ
ҪһЩʱգ
ٴβ죬㻻ƥԼҲоˡҲȥʺϻжԶٲһ죬뿪۹ڡ
ʮ͵ƬˡڸһһϢ
Ҳ˲Ϣٴβ߱˹ȥ
ȥûԶľ룬׵֮ܵţ͵ֹͣûв෭
üͷһ壬ǰ汬׵֮ȻȥȻһˡ

Ůپ¡䡣¶ļڽɫϦ£Ե쳣ۣĸز·йģ֫΢ϸ֦ͬ˫޿޵Сȣ¶ڳȹ֮£ʮְ¶˵ĽɢŮ˶ֱӵջ
ŮãΧˣ
㵣ӻĿռ䱻׳ȫͬؤһǰ¡û뵽컹
һ£еʩչһ׵磬׵񱩣ƥǰһĻҲֻεķ£ƥǰ
һȺȻʵҲΧ˶ڡÿһʵǡǽ·硣
ܿ죬ߵͬͿʼ˵أҽ
޶̣ߵʦֵһԷش޵ϴżּͣһ׵ʵǲͣӦ۶ʵﵽС
ǣˣҲȲİܾ֣Էı߲ѣļ¶ܿеķἡˡ
ʦ㣡ӣǡ̵һʦֵܺŵǹˣҪΪɱһѪ·
һѰץǰȥ
ǣôһץԷѱͬʱ˹
̴󾪣׵籬סǻһһҿ˹
ʦ㣡̵ʦֵܴ󺰣һʦֵȥҪԼΪ̵סһѱ
˺󣡡
̸ץסߵʱ׵籬£ѱϣѱķ飬ԭǵˣͬķ˳ȥݺݵڵϡ
̿һĻһͬʱҲ˭ʵһٺѱ
ЩʦֵܵʱȴЩʦֵĿȴһҲۿȥԶһЦݻ
Уȴڰ׵硣
üͷоЩϤȴûмŶԷҲ֪ǸǻӸոձԷ˿ҪǶԷǰľͺãҪǰԷǡ
ܶԷ̺ҪľеȻῴ


576 
˼ͻȻð꣬ͣ˴򶷣Ŀ⿴㡣Ӹո겻ӹ֣
ּˣ㿴Цһֱ̫Ƶġ
̾ϴżɻȻһϤ֮Уȴ֪
˭̳ʵʵ֪ǣǵлѡ
ʶңһ㶣𵱳̵ʱһؤնסʱϲͷҲ
̺͹ʶҲɻ㣬˫ˮתʮ־Ө峺
ϴǲҲΧҲ˾ˣ㿴ŶԷЦ
㣿̾ڣżϲ֮ɫû뵽һλˡֻؤ˷ꡣ
㻹ûҰգգ۾
Ϸκ죬ͬһţʮֽ׾ûϳӣ빫ˡ
˰֣޷һҲǾȡҲǾȣԺǵǣ
仰ϵҺŨȴûгڷʲôйһνӴ֪ϲſڿӵϷˣȴ뷨
Χ̵˿㣬ȴһŭڵ£Ȱ㻹ǲҪǵĺáҪȻվѪڴˡ
˵꣬м˾ڵİΧжֵ˼
ӣ̵ĵĺЩʵͣǣҪϴ鷳
˰֣ס̣ЦһЩСѣõġ
һҪ㼸䣬վûпڡ
ôĿ仰ȴڵ˸ŭˣ۶㣬Ȼ͹ڵһȥ
˵꣬м߾ͻݺݵĿ˹Ե£磬һߵ˶ӣСģ
˾֮УȴչһЦ˵עУȴֱָ̧ۣȥ䵽˱ϣЩɱʿͱķ˳ȥݺݵڵϣŬҪ˼ȴ
̵Ŵ͵Ŀ㣬Ŀһ㣬о˼顣Ȼոյ֮п֮ҲֻǱ赭дĸˣ
һ꣬׶ԷʵжǿʵԼ˲Щ˵Χˡ
ڵ˼ֶΣ쳣¶֡
ЦҳְǸߣԼߣ
Ϊ׵һҧվ˵¿ҪΪУʲô¡
˰˵ûȤΪУֻҲҪȡ
㡭Ϊ׵ŭȣ¶׹⣬СдãҪǰߣڱضŹӡ
˰ֵЩңҪھ͸ϽˣϢʱ䣬ҪǲߣҾԶˡ
Ϊ׵Ӻһһҧ˵ܱǸȻҵȲǸµĶ֣ڵҵҪά
й̾Ҳϲǰй
˵ָ꣬һ׵籬׵εȿ񱩣Щֵܵģһ׵£Щ˶Ʒڵأҽвϡ̶Ϣ֮䣬Щ˶˵ϡ
̵˶һۣŸոջǰҫѪֹĵ˾׾ٵĸɷһʧĿ㡣
ʧĿȻһЦ˳˧ǲͬŮ˿ͳˡ
Ǹ㲻ҪңһẦߵġĶ˵
Ҳ仰Ū࣬ӿ죬ƽϢһ飬ԴĶ㹪һлӣ
ض񣡡ǰϸ׵ֱۣ˳һѣͬ˿
ȻľٶɫˣƵĺһЩҡ
һΪˣԷһѣҶˡЦ˿ûиոռ˼ұ˱ֵΡ
ʦ㣡Щô죿һǰʵ
̿ڵϵĲҽˣһ㣬վ˵ɡߣ
仰ЩҲ˵ʲô
㵹ŮʲôɱЩɻڸԹԸΪһ鷳
Ȼ£ǼôţҲû˵ʲôҪǰȥ˵ĵط׼뿪
ӣȵȣ׼̸Ͻ
СʲôҪ˵ģѵ׼ˣЦеĿ̡
˵Цˣɫߺ죬ֻһ¹׼ȥܷͬУСŮ
̵ĻЦҪǱҿ϶ӦôҪһ£һǿԿǵġ
㿴Ůһ޽ģ̲סҪϷһ㵹ǾãǰɫȮһȴ͵ࡣҹҹϸ裬ȴпһˡ
Ļ࣬ߺңĻЩ˵ֺαضСŮأ֪Ӳˡ
һ䣬ⶼ㿴ˣѵԼѾԼǾ⼸ֱ¶ˣȣ˵ıʸУԼôζڸǲˡ
ȻֻǶС㣬ʵұǺܸУֱġԴǵ˵ҪСһֻǶС㡣СҪһµĻһĸӵĸС
ӡҧ촽ѹһ۵ӡʮˡ
ģҿûƭС㣡˵СҲֱ֪ˣǲ˵ѵġ
ɫˣǻǸ·ɡ̸Ͻתƻ⣬żֲִ˵
ʼ磬һһǰߵһ֪ǹڵġϸǣҪȥĵطڲԶ
ںҲ˵ϹźպֻԺ˥ˡⷬģ
̵˴·㵹ǲһֱʺϡͬЩΪ˵Եʣٶ˲٣ʩչΪҽΡҽ̵ͣ۾һű
ȻҲһЩƣŸ˵Ļӣʱʱռ̵ıˣǵƵƵࡣչ¶ķ飬泩ͬУҲһ¡
С㣬ҿӡ÷ڣסҺúð㿴
ﲻ֪˼ԴΪ˵ĽںŸֽڣʱʱռˣ֣ȣûаֹ
ֻÿҵɶǴȻ֪ռˣȴ˵
̿ЦǣһȻˡ
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577 ֮Դ
һ·Ϸ̣ҵһЩɫȮʱĸоȻ̲ǰŮ˵ĿźȻ㶺ࡣڵﰲȫΧں󣬾ʹŹڵĵӸ뿪
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׳ĵط̾һ
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㶨ȻȥȻͷôһȷʵżģֻçĻ֪
çʮ೤Խ۹УʹϹĹҲ֪СڣçıȽϳһš
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ϳǰǰȺɽҡҡͷ˵ֻ⿪һûšطŲôɵġʹң֪಻׳ƴç֮УŶšðȻһϤĵطţǺܲǵġ
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֪ϸһ𰸣ҪҪƵţȴǵĴ
֣µѣ˵ͷź˵С֪ˣҪҵĵطһɽ𣿡
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ŹֵĿźϣý飬Ǹ˭ģٺ٣˼
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ͷĽĽͬʱϵҲһͬʱʯϵĽӡȥ
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Ҫĵطָһط
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ϣܸܲңǸС˵޹ٺЦϲңԼϲɣ
֪ģͲҪʡϺȳ
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ϵ׺ᣬӾй£˵ûе֡ȣˣлһǽְ̺̽ɡ
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ǻ֮ȥпռ֮Ũ㳢ƿá֮Դﵽ𡣡˵
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˵ҲҴȡĶ֮⡣һӵĿռ֮ռ֮ѹſ۳ɾ֮Դֶںܶطдá紴ռ䣬ӵⶫ°빦⻹ǶʥĲ֮һ
ʥϣɴ۾ĿźϣдŲ֮ɫʥϺֲɹǰʥеĲ֮һȻʥƷףͿԿе죬⾧֮ԴȻҲʥϡǡ
ƺ֪ʲô˵һ֮Դһ֣ʥƷռվ¶
ʥƷȻĭ
ϣⶫ㶼ܵõǿź˴Ĵָ
ҡҡͷҪǿԵĻԸҪⶫǣЩزͷ
㲻֪⻰ʲô˼Ҳûиֶͣ˵ȥɡȻʥƷĿռ䣬Ҳֻй¶һ˿СһЩȻ¡úõжһźô㣬һȡⶫ
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УϲûнĽָ֮СϤĻָ㶯һ֮Уһ룬˲ʱһۣ۳һ󣬴һââĳ֣ںվĵطѿһ޴ѷ졣
ҵĶڿٴûˡ˵ź仰Ҳѷ֮Сʹ꣬ǻܿ۵ڲȻЩҪֻǲ֪Ǻѡ


578 ռ֮
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ڿռ֮Уڻ֮е㲢еɡ⻭ȻÿУȴܸоǿҵų⡣ɿռų⣬ʱһʱޣʱ籩ֵ
һ籩ֱֱĺϣ㱻ķɳһƬռ䣬ѪŹɹѪӿƬռųʮ־ˣʹǿһ֮¶·Ҫķ顣
ռųռ֮㣬ҲЩꡣѾԼǵڶٴα⻭ռųˡʱȥˣȴһչûСȫ˲ٵơ
оҪѯʺϡȴ֪ϵȥˣҲûҵϵӰӡ㲻òĿٴμеһۼĿռ仭֮С
޷ҵϣֻٴҧۼĻС
뻭֮УϾ͸оܵѹѹĿռ֮У㼤Щͬһ㣬Ƕܲ͸磬Ҫ̳ɴһ㡣
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ŭһȴòסռ֮ķСײ֮ڶ
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ռ֮еĺ֮ϣź֮𣬻Ʊãռ֮۳У֮³һͷͷҰޣܣʨ򻢣Щɿռ֮۵ޣ໽𶯿ռ䣬ͬʱ˹ȥſ񱩿ֲƣΪˡ
ܳױռ伷ѹѹȥоһɿֲѹѹ԰ѹ顣
㿴ŷƱðӿĿռ̲֮סһʱ͵סĹһҪ˱ȥˡ
ֻʮֲʡҪȥ˵ﵽ֮ˡҪȱ첲뿪ˡ
ģŭһĿռ֮ͻȻһ󵨵ͷܲܰЩռ֮
ǣ뷨ոð㶼̲סһռֻ֮к֮ġʱ֮ʮǧ
ͷðͬһ㣬ջ㡣
ɣҪռ֮ﵽڻ£ҪʵҲҪԶԶǿһһҲֻܽÿռ֮ѡĻΪá
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һϣѪס
ľʹһҧռ֮ʥƷռӿġףҲܳɱӵɻĿռĵƷܿóײǲɱĶ
ֻףɱ֮Եʮ΢ˡһһҹһϢ֮
һͷͻ˹Ӱһӿ׵ѹͷռ֮ûͻ
վȰԡޱȫѹͷͻǿƵ̬£ͷͻѹ
ͻһϲʩչͻϵһռ֮Сĵõɽȥ
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һƿռ֮ոս壬ʱȻıѿֲ֮УһѪҺ̲סҽһ۵ɫΪ֮Ť
ͬʱոͻҲȥײϣ˳ȥݺݵڿռ֮ĵϣʹ̲סһƺߡ
ٴλָۼĿռ䣬ֱֱĶȴûм֣ԼʩչϢŷѪѾ˲ơ
ȰƺáҾͲţ벻˰ҧ˵ͼУӿ֮У޸塣
һʱ䣬оԼľָΣٴΰĿתǰաһٴμС
Уռųٴγ֣һɹɿռ֮ѹһҧٴδаһСԼ֮Сǣոս壬͵ıѿռ֮ͬըѿоҪƵġһɹɻʹ
ҲشѪ
ҧ֣ٴΰ뼸壬һըѿ鲼ȫףδӴѾʧˡ
ȥУȥûС
ĨһǵѪҺųŸոհĿռڡͬ׻ʥƷֻٶȲǡǣűɵĸɾ㲻üûϲ֮ɫ
׻ɿռû֮һʲôû£ÿռﵽԣҲá
Ҫǣѿռ뵤֮У
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뵽⣬ε̾һ׼ʱԺһܲ΢װռȻ뵤׸
뷨ðϾͳʼһɿռͼ֮е΢ӿ뵽֮У뾭
΢ѹƣռȻͬԤϵûбıըϲѡĿͨŵ֮жȥ
뵤ĶᵽɤӿˣʱռҪǿ񱩵ıĻ˺ҪȸոսǿˡʱС壬ʼһɹ΢һ
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ɣռ֮Ǽѡ㲻ɵǰ׻ףһͬһƿռ
ͬ׵İռٶǿֹ
Ҳ֪˶ãڰһƿռ㱻Ƶ֮УһƿռĽ룬ʵࡣ
Ȼã
о΢ϲٴΰһռ֮ʼ
ٶȺҪһʱһ˿˼˿֮˼֣ٶȲżӿ
ٶȼӿ죬ʵҲĵ֮УһСŵ΢
ռҹɾҹҲû٣ôȴԶ׼ԽԽоԼͿռϣռ֮ڤڤ֮Ҳ׵Ĳ̽ĵʵҲѾﵽһֳԽԪ֮ǿȣɢʮ־ˡǣȴʱʵȴûдﵽ֮
һ죬Ӧ״ﵽˡ



579 ֮
㵤֮У֮ϣȫǿռ֮ۡһƬһ
ŬתƬ꣬ת֮䣬˺ͿռƵģ׵ĸоռ֮е㷭ֶ䶯յĶ£ܵĿռ֮ƿԭ񱩵ܣȻһʱ䰲
סܿռ֮ͬʱر¡¡ϣһ׵񱩵ڿռͬʱϢʱı̶ʱͰѳԪ֮ȫͻơ֮УķХ֮
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ʵԽܵ۳׵Ϊ񱩣񱩵׵һƬյѩͬģҲʵһӿڣǾŨɣ㲻òó
񱩵أֲԵ׵翪ʼ壬ֱͬ۴ִĿֲ֮еĺϣ֮£˱׵ƣһ׹
֮ףԶԶԪ֮һ֮£ȻѪĸо⻹ǵһ㲻֪һжٵֻʩչף鲼ȫŬźϵ׵硣
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һϣҪ˵ĻֶΣҪƤȴֻǱƺһϵ׵磬ͱһɽȥط׭תϢ
׵еҪ񱩰ԵĶ࣬һ׵ı̶ʱͺʮһһǿ㱻ȫ׵ϹϲƲϢϢϵѾ׵İΧ
ףÿһζҪǿ̫ˡÿһʯ쾪֮ڵףڷ׵ʱҲŴ򿪵ʹƷ˴롣
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Ѿʮ׵ˣʱ֮µ׵磬ÿһ֮ڰȫҪûףͱķˡ
֮У״ʱתһ׵类УƷڻš
ױеҪ࣬ںʮʱе㲻ģһ׵£ռ޲Ť𵴣񱩵ƺҪһ㣬ֱֱĺϣ㱻Ƥͬʱڵͬתһжɽȥꡣ
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µʮ˵׵ʱ˶ñѪģһ˿˿ѪҺ͸ʮִĿġ
ǣȴҧƷѾŵĲˣֻʣһ˿ȫšЩ׵ţֻǴܴԵĶǴһΣ׵Ҫǿ࣬Լ׵ƿҲӵ졣
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ʮŵ׵£طƱɫޱһ˿ֱʣһֵ֮þ޴׵磬ģڲ˼£ֱȥ
㿴׵磬ҲǺȻ֮ɫױ鲼ȫת׵ϣ㱻ҷɳȥݺݵڵϣҳһӣȫ׵ơ
ʮŵ׵磡Ѿǰļޣʮŵ׵磬ˣÿһҪǿһֱƿֲҪ˿ĻȻᾪ쳣Ҫε칦źεף
׵£Ѫģȴڷ׵磬УϢڲϵȹ̡ϢѾﵽ˰֮ʮŵףԽ˰ףȻδﵽнףȴҲﵽ׶ĲΡ
˲ŵģƽ߽ȶ綼ҪѲʱ䣬ȴòšֱӿԽ˰ס
ڷ׵ת֮£׵Ѫģ壬޸޸ͬʱ׵ĵƷš
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ŵƷţ񶼱ɽȥɽȥͬʱԺ֮йȥֹ㾭ٴΡɸоҪըһ㣬һȫЩϢЩϢȫӡ֮УƵġ
ַĹ˺ܾã۵ԴѡҲ֪˶ãֹ΢΢һЩ
еϢ֮Żָ˶ĿơȻԺ֮еϢ֣Ǵʱȴû˼ȥ鿴ȫ׵ĶѣҧݣԼʩչ˼ѹƽϢѪ
ͬʱͼ֮еҲӿڣΪ޸塣
ǣƱеҪصĶ࣬ʹô΢΢һ£Ǹо˺ѷεʹ
ֻܰˣҺҽҺ΢ҪȻƾƶ񻯵Ļոմﵽͻ
ġӵôôǿˣһ䡣
˵Ļѵʱ䲻٣վʱѾһһҹȥˡȴûȫãֻǺֶѡ
ʹֳصʱ򣬿ŻѪ壬ʱ֮ɻط׭֡΢΢̽һԼǿȣȻʱƺءȴʮϲԼǿȵ˰𣬾ȻſԽԵӡʱָо͵ƾʯѽ𶼲ڻ£ǿȼΪˡ
ȻҪʱ䡣ȻҲǿȴûָо벻ﵽ𣬾ַ츲صı仯
и˵ͬʱҲ뵽֮У֮дʱһϵһʮѤΧĵתֻǲͬǣڶ˿ռ֮
㿴ŵ֮еĿռ֮ǸоЩ㱡Ҫռ֮Ǻ֮顣ǣʱˡҪ˵ȥû˻š
֮֮֮ϣɿռֱ֮ӵı֡Ϊ⣬֮ͺ֮蹵ʱȴռ֮壬룬ԼǲҲܱ֮ЧҪǿԵĻǾΪ֮𺳡
뵽⣬ڵȻΪƵԵʣûе̫ࡣǾˣ㻹Ǹоĳ档
Ϳռ֮ϣϯϯͬʱоܵĿռôһ˲Ķͷӡǣʧһɶ
ָоȴϲ⡣ռ֮ȫ֮ܽеĿռ֮߹񣬾ȻЧȻȲϺ֮ȴԶ֮
һƽϢһ顣ɰոյеĶȥ
ǣ̽еĶûжãϾ¶Ҳ֮ɫ˴ôҲû뵽Ĵǻ⣡


580 ͵Ϯ
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͵ĸ֪ԺдеϢ췣ʥʥ֮֮֮֮ظףѣʥ֮رܡ
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ʹĭһֱΪеĲҽȵȾ˵ĵͼܡ㶼ܴﵽ֮ˡ
ǣڵõȴ˶Ϊ֮֮ʥʲôڻģʥ˴Ĵˣʥ֮״ʲô췣
о˶Ӳˣ췣ʲôƿصģڻ񻰵Уְѵ⴫е֮ʥ֮ɣ
ò˼飡
׵磬ǹΪ񱩵һֱϵҲǣû뵽췣ܱΪ췣书ֲ֮
ʥȻЩţǸȡ֣֤Ŀֲˡ
ϸϸĲ̺̽Ϣ֮ף֮ף֮ף
֮ʥӵоžŰʮһأǰʮΪ֮ףмʮΪ֮ףʮߵΪ֮ࡣһ´ʱʵʹΪ֮ࡣ֮ףֻΪʵ
ʮһصÿһضĪ⡣ӵʮһϵƿ֮Уûܳҡ
У֮ʥȫӡ֮Уֻϰ飬;©ˡ
ĺһǲ췣ĺôȴ֪ģЩķչµĻᡣ׵ɷ׭Ǵ壬Ȼðʵٷչ
ܵڵԼԺ̺ϢβסЦ⣬һջǾ޴ġʱţĵ
ƽϢһ飬㿴ǰǰĿռѾͬۼֻϵӰӡ
˼䣬ȳ˼ѪҺ׼ˡȴǰĻʼԭۼĻ͵飬ֲϢһʯϣʯڱɷĩͬʱһ°ƱӿΪ֮𵴡
ͬʱ֮䣬ڴȼն𡣳ȵ˹ȻĺԶɫ䣬˺ϣһʹϣо嶼Ҫˡ
ģ
ŬԼǰµĿֱֱĿǰ棬ֻǰһ޴Ļ֮ʯͷյȼŷ֮ܣ
ڻ֮ǰϾ棬ָڻϣȵĻȻһɹϵ֮С
ĿһĻﻹǻաʺϺ޸ꡣңǿǲʥƷ
ʥƷ
оڸӵʥƷռʱʥƷϵ굽ղ˶ٱ
㶢źϵͬʱڰеĻ涼Լ֮Сʱĺϣʵͬʵʣʹ㿴Ҳһꡣվǰģһһ
һ˿ڣһҺֻӳһƻ档ҪȻ԰ɵСճǷ飬ʥƷƣܳܵġ
뵽һȡҲЦ꣬ʥƷҲָˣҪȵľҰѶˡ뵽⣬Щ˷ܡò˶ãҪٴ
ϣû°ɣµǰź˵
ҡҡͷָһ㣬һУݸ˵ҵòŵһЩȥðɡ
ӹ֮Уֻһɨ̲סĭеĶȻ˵ϡҩģҩȵȶ˷ġ
ֻһйöǷЩŰɡ
̲סһ㵽ŶٺöеĵҩвоȻһžܴﵽԪ֮ĵҩĶȻ˵ûʲôö
ǰۼĻѾʧϿʯң̾һ˵߰ɡ
ͷѯʺγȥ
ϼһĽĻһ𡣼䵽һѹֵҪȥ͵ѧ֮ˣԭΪ
ʱҰѵµʥƷˣҪչزʱ䡣ҵҵ㣬ǸĶ¡˵
С֪ش֮䣬ٴνָ֮С
ͺϴ뽣ĵطȴһţ㿴ţСɣٴγʯǰ
ȡϸ˵ҩʳһţоָ˼֣׼뿪
Ǿû߼ɫȴ͵һ䡣ֻоһɿֲܵĿռ¶飬кȻ˲ö룬Ӱ͵ķתܿ˶Էһ
͵Ϯ֮ϣնʱݡһϤĶӵĵͦ죬ǽ
µʱһԵٴκɨʮЧķֻܽңεٶȣٵıܿ
ģ̲סһԭأȳˡ뵽Ҫɱ̲סһһô֪ģ
оʹȴյıܿһ
Էռƣ㷴ֵĻᣬٴαӿܵĿռ䶯Ҫλá
ֱۻ裬ʹɢĿռ䣬ԶҪܡʱ㻹Ķ֣ܺӲ

ӼҼ͵ĿɢȥĿռ֮û뵽Ȼ̶ʱͻ˳ԪﵽӼҼоȻǶɱġ
Ӵܣһ֣
һ£һӰ͵ıһƺݺݵ˹ȥ㼤ܣ뵽ǰ滹һ͵Ϯǰ󹥻ûĻᣬһĺϡ
͡
ѪҺ¶ͬߵķһԶ׷ɶҽ˺ֲС
ӼҼƮµѪҺһϲĿ⿴ԶֲǿֲеǸҧɫһ䣬Ӱȥ
׷
ӼҼ˺֮һȭߣ̲סЦǲм֮⡣
ӼҼͬ״һЦֵܣһƣӲ˵ġ
ӼҼûзٶȴٵ뵽ոյֲСȴһ̲Ѫ˲֪ȥˡ
ûӰӼҼһܲ˵ġ
ǰ濴ȥǰŽӡѪ׷ȥֻЩֲЩϲûЩֲһ۾ҵ㡣
ΪЩֲӵ˲ɣӼҼһһƬֲݻ١
ͬ״Цһ˵һССĳԪ»ܶԶҰΧȥ



581 ε
ȫʹ̼ľÿƶһǹʹĸоɫʹŤоԼλƵģʹб鲼ȫ
˵壬ԶԾȥһɹѪҺӿڲľϣʮִĿġ
ںֲ֮зӴܣܸоϢѰ׷ˣҧƣתңӴܡЩңҺֲڵҪȻӶǲܵġ
ǾˣϾ׷Ϣ˼˲ϵƣֲ֮д塣
ֲϵɺѪҺָһ㣬ڼֻҰҰϣһѪۣܴ˴̼Ұޣ˷ߡֲɺѪҺ
ϿѪѪûʲô룬ӦԼѪҺɡ
˲ƽҧݣŹɹɾʹڲݴ֮зܡֲĸȥǾˣ˶Ѳˡ
ȥˣһ䣬ٶ˿ͬһͷҰֲ֮ӴܡҲʲô취ӿˡ
䡭
ӼҼɨֲܵüζֲеĸǾʱ״̬ӼҼĶ֡ԷҪǶԸûз֮
ӼҼȻҲŭˣôöûоǸꡣѵ˲ɣɨֲٶȸ졣
оֲһƬƬɨɾ֪״̬ܿͻᱻԷһҧڵһӣסУԼС
Լ֮УȫסԼϢ˿й¶
䡭
֮е㣬ܿ͸о𶯣֮ϵֲݻ١𶯣ӵʹ
о̤ĽŲҧݣװеϢסֻ֪Ҫһ˿ɢȥֻ·һ
֣ܵͦģһȭȻܵĲӰˡ
ӼҼ΢΢üͷһȭˣܲ˶Զ
ȣְޣԶǧǰɱӼҼͬɻʵ
ӼҼ仰еĺʮ㡣ھǰĸۡˣھǶҼˣĳ޻С𣿴˾ǣһ·׷˹ֻû뵽һçġĺѣȻϺһʰ㡣һˣûɱġ
׷ҾͲţˡܶԶ
ЩֲҲ湻˵ģҪûǣͰСӾˡ
˼ǰ׷ȥ֮е㣬ܲԷ뿪ȴҶס֮С
ȻͬڹһӲʱٴμ
֣׷ˣǼһˣٶٿ죬ҲӲôԶ֪һƬֲ֮ˡ
ӼҼɫʮѿһݺݵĺڵϣͬʱ𵴶£֮еϣо嶼ҪƵġǣҲҧݣʹѪҲһ
쵰ӼҼŭһڵߣҲҪСӸڳ׷
ӼҼβŭ֮׷ɱ㡣ǾȻʧټⲻڳǵĶ⣿Ȼһûм㣬ǿ϶ոմĵطˡ
ýƻСӡӼҼŭһĺһһ׷ȥ
֮У£ҪǸոӼҼйһǰ׵ľ룬ܰǣĶˣԷԲ뵽ԼԼڵصס
ҲΪޣǲܱܿǵʶҪǽµĻʹڵصҲܸоĵǣǲ֪еװȫϢ
о뿪̵ľűӿ俪ض𡣴ӳ㣬̰ĺܵĿѾŹɹѪҺӿ
ҲѾ壬һȳһյǰߡٴȥʱӾˡԣ˲֮е඼λңѾҪʹ
߲ãӼҼٴλص˶ǴΧȥȻûҵӰӣѵСӻܶݵزɣ
ˣӼҼɫʮѿôҲ벻öԷˡ
ӼҼͬüĿ⿴ոɹĶѨ֮УеĻմȾѪҺһӼҼ˵ǰǵĽ£Цûз֣
ʲôӼҼһ㶣תͷѨ漴ʧ˵ôܣ˵ĸ֪ѵȫɣ
ǣʵ
ӼҼ˲Ӭһɫ࣬ĶѨ
ҪǸոǽ£ӦˡӼҼҪҳҪո鷳ˡ
ܶ鷳һҪҪӼҼݺݵ˵ɱ㣬ھǶ̧ͷõĻᣬһˣԼ˵ʵ㲻ˣҲҪ

㲻֪ӼҼٴ׷ɱʱѾԼӴ֪ܳپ롣ȻҲӺϸ֮Уȡһߡϡһƽ
ƤҲһȽĶҪͨ˿ƤȻҪʵﵽһΣһۿġ
ֻҪһ˿ͺˣ㿴ǰɽšϵõ·ȥøɾǵѪҺǿԴ񡣻һͨȥ
֪ӼҼ˺ܿ׷ֻʱˡȰƺãĺơ
ɽ壬ǣ͹ơûɽ壬ǿҵʹ֮оֲסԵȥɽϡ
ȻҪŵ뷨ˡɽҪӼҼֻ·һ
ӼҼѣҲĴѰ㡣ֻʧȥټʮѡӴܵʱʮעĨȥټĺۼѡ
֣ȥҲǰ취çĺֲ֮ںϣǶһѨˡ
ܣ֮ʵһƴϣƲʺ;棬϶Ӳ˶ԶⲻԶһܰ
ô˵ҲˣŻһƬˣҪȻǼѡ
Ѩ϶ܣʱ˷Ұǹ˲ˡӼҼ˵
˵ȥڵǲܵġ״ֲ̬˶Ϣ
ӼҼ˵ͷʵԱûʲô֮ڵģ
˵֮Уôһ˵пܣܱߵмţҴȥѵͷ˵ӼҼһ䡣


582 ʧ
ʦ㣡˴ǰɳȥˣȥȻܵųĽͣһЩ˷ܵ˵
ʦǲǵĺôģһ·оգҲң
ʦ㣬˵ôģôʵ;ÿֲ
ʦ˵ˡǺúҲܴﵽ־硣
ҿɲֻʦ㱣˰ɣ
˵ʲô޵Ůߺ죬˶Էһۣȳ˵ҪȻȥڷá
ȳڨڨЦЦĿתֻŰɽ΢΢һ㶣漴޾ŮӺʦ㣬㿴һˣ
Ůһ㶣תͷȥ΢΢üͷȥ
ȻǵʦŽˡֹ
ŮûǣһȴߵŵǰŮڶԷϢ·˷ţ漴һû
һ仰ҲЩϲŮӿ󣬶ͣŮɿԷʵʦ㣬ôˣ
˲ƣλʦܣǱʦš
˵ͷ֪Լʦլʺ񲻻ȵġ
Ů˼λʦܰ걳Ŵʦûȥ
ʦ㣬ţų˻᲻һЩġ
£ҪţΧ˾ǣµġ˵꣬Ůӿһʦܱϵ꣬ͨ
һȺŮܿʧԭأǰš
뿪󲻾ãӼҼѾͳλáɽ֮۵ţȥ

ҶôˣڹڵΧһ񷿣һŴµӿͬŴµʵ
лˣָһЩ´ûˡ굱Ȼ㣬˵ʱ򣬴Ӵվ˵ϣӻֱۣ߱ĴЦ
ǺǣõĻ죬ΪҪһءЦſ㣬˾ͺãҲʦ㽻ˡ
öл֣ٴεлЩΪˣ⼸ڶԷİĴм
ллⶼʦĹͣҪʦڰɽ㣬ȻҪҰ޵ˡЦҪллʦɡ
ҵлЦ
ҡҡͷʦڵ֮Уͨ˲ܽڵԵлͲˡ
ЩҲף˲ڵڵɭϣҪлˡ
ˣҶôôصƣЩûˡʵ
Ҷȡ֣ʵһС˵䣬ûֻɽԣû뵽һֻޣ˽ӵ
湻Σյġµ˵ˣҪûµĻһæɡţһб֤ģҪã˵Щʦʦ̵һЩҲɾ͡
Ļ΢΢̽һʵȻ֮߰Ʒʵһֻûеõϵͳ˵ľѾʮֲ츳Ҳֻͣûˡ
ǾͶлˡл㿴ĳΪ롣Ҳ˼ŸҪĹߵĸԶʱʮִª
ţɣЦЩҲæʮһεžУЩĵˣæĲɿ˵лл㡣ҪǱʦָչ㣬͵С
ЦЦ߳񷿣漴ۼʵ磬Щûǿǰݷţ
а㱻ͽһ죬ǰŰݷùްЩӣܿһۡ˵⣬ϧѡ
ȻҵˣһָֻȻԼúõǶԷȻûҵԼ
ǿ߰ǹġʲô
Ҳ̫һ߶ˣǰû
ͷһ̲סԷ޳ܣˡֻԼԷȻڸʵݣѵԷûһۡ
֪ŮӴʱڰҽΡʱŵĳϵ˲֪Ů˴һꡣԣӴӼҼ˵ųϣҡͷش˵ûп
˼Է˵ѵӣŴƬ̾뿪
ߺŮҲûиˣϾţѾˡڲ񷿺úչˣЩʦֵ¡ӼҼһá
˭һŻ꿴İ㣬ȵ
ʦ֣ΪԵʣ˲æҶæġش
ţλʦҲֻһʣ˻ţϾʱУõжϸǻǺܷĵġ׾ŵˣźġ
ú£ȥĵطȥʦֺȵ
˵ͷǴЦ⣬º͵˵ʦַġ
ʦּ㲻΢΢һ㶡뻹ûм̬ԴЩ˭ǹ
ȥɣʦֻӻ֣뿪
뿪ʱʦֵߣһӰߵߣŮףͷʣɢһ󣬳ĵüӨ͸ƻáɫȹѰ׵ƣ׵ѩճ縡͹õߣ޳ĳȺϸ֫ȫĹճʮ˵Ŀ⣡
ʦãôˣʦֿߵŮӣżֳ֮⡣Ůˣʦֵܵˡ
ʦ֣ôˣŮᡣ
ʦ÷ģźˡһо͵ˡ
䣬ҲֻǸǻŮ̾һĿⲻɿǰÿıӰıӰɫһŬȻȥ漴ż˷ܿʦʵǸ˭
ʦ΢΢һ㶣ˣЦ˵꣬һЩ顣ôˣ
Ů̾һ˵ˣȻ֪˭ΪԷȻġǸ˵걳ӰȻżơ뵽ǸֲͨЦԼǶˣôܳڣ˵Ÿһ¡
ʦãû°ɣʦɻĿǰ㱵ʦá
ʦ֣ûˣȻ㰲źãҾȥʦֵˡ˵꣬Ҳʦֻش𣬾뿪ˡ
һʦֵܿŮĽһԲѡ
ʦ֣ʦԽԽƯ˵˴λʦͻ֮СҴﵽС֮𡣡
ȣʦûƯŵ˶ʦõ⣬˵˴һŰٶһʦ⣬˵ǵжԵļţɳǵϯӡ
һҪԿˡ
Ҫ˵ʦִﵽС壬ǲɡİɣһдʦ֣


583 ټĪ
һڳŵƽΪ׼㶯¿ݡЦҶֵܣŲ̫⣬Ÿ߲ϲĵֽ
ЦЦû˵ʲôΪһȻݡ
磡ʲôźӣɻʵ
ȣ˵䣬ȴ֪ǲһ¡̾һҲܵĵġǰġ
ţ㲻ʵ˻ô˵
ڵԶҲպǣΪһЩԭ򽥽ûˡˮƽ˴˵Ǿ䣬һԭǿУ
Уʲô
Բǧçĵ˶ǰţʱǣȻҹڵ鷳ΪڴϹӵеԴԲ˵ЩǶһ俴һϲ£ȴһ
¶֮ɫЦЦŵӶ㲻ϣʲôĴ£ųġ
ǺǣǵҲǣЦдʦڣӦòʲôµġ
ô˵Ҳûм˵ʲôһŵƽʡ
æµ˼죬ҲȬˡһ⼸죬ŵҲԽԽࡣһȺһȺʱŮľĿһеٲſ
Ȼ⼸ԽԽֻ֣ûȨޣڵ֪ڵô˻һˣʲô顣
ԼƺõĲ࣬Ҳûм˼ӽָȡӺõĵƷԼƵķ׭ݸ˵磬Сһ¼񵽵ĶҲӲʲôáȻģôȥðɡ
ӹֻǿһۣ͵ĴλվԲ۾㣺ءƷ
Ͱͣ˵˵ƷֻǻƷµȵǣǰ׳ľȻǵƷ찡ʦЩʦʦҲĶţֻһܽӴȼĹҪ
㵣гˣеôͲˡ
һоԼ΢΢ƽϢһЩȴɲҶĶ㡭
Űɡ񵽵ĶһЩЩʺңʺҵѾˡ
ţʹĵͷлסˡ
Цҡҡͷⶫ˵û̫áֻһЩҶѡǣԷЩչôãӦҪԣҪĶˡ
Ķϵ׭Ҫʹ࣬׵縨ò˶þܴﵽˡ˵ܱŵǿΪŵӡЦſ
ôõ顣ҡҡͷ
ҡ׼˵Ҫ뿪ʱһ˴һס˵ʲôڵֲˣȥдɵĴ˰ɡߡߡ
˵꣬Ҳ˻شڵȥ
ڵŷڵŶôҲҪ׳۵Ķࡣ
ţ磬ҪȥﰡҲǵһνڵڵĽʮĽ
ǻ֪ɣڴҶΧڵĹ㳡ϣڶɵڱءȵǵС̺λˣǧ𷸴ҪȻʱûܾȵǡţ˺
ܿ죬˾һֵĹ㳡㳡ʮִ󣬹㳡ˡ
ǰļǹȥ̺ⶼǸŵĹҶȥչˡ˵꣬ţͰȥͬʱȥˡȻŵֲˡ
Ҷ߰ɡ˵Ź㳡ϣʱ㳡˱Ľ
ͬһۣ˲ɫҲﵽľ磬ȻнԶԶҪǿףС֮ѾһСˣرЩСǳأֻһܴ֮ﵽ
ǰȥչЩֻܸȥнӹݹĲҶ˲ˮûˣͰǵ
ţ˵ͷȴЩĲɡһܣһȻһˡ
Īԣ
ڣٷ棬̼ϻΧʵȻ˵û뵽ﻹˡɣ˺ǿ
ܴһ£Ҫҳ̡ϵȽϲǸŮҡҲ
εǣûзˣǼڵӡ
վ￴ųеĴ򶷣еĴ򶷲ңһȺʵߵʿȴеĺá
ĪƺܲĴ򶷣ߵһ˵䣬˵ͷնڹ㳡룬һ˳ȥԭڴ򶷵֮ıˣ˹㳡
С̲֮סۿź۵ꡣ
ڵˣ̲סˣȻͬţȴ࿴ۣЩڰ䣬ȴԽԽǿٺ٣źϷˡ
ԭΪҪ֣벻ھ̲סˡ

ڳУ˺ĪλУ
ڹ㳡һˣüͷһ˵̫ոտʼС̨
ǸȣЩԽԽǿˣ㶪һߣҲﵽСʵڵһ̾һ
ô죿ҪҪȥһʵ
Ҫܵģ˭ȥУǼֵȻﵽСһҲǼ˴ﵽǹѹҪȥˣĴս˭Ǹǳһ⡣
ô죿Ҫűȥ
Щ˶ɵӣ֪ǣôȥڵ̨ǰͲ²̨ءҡҡͷ
ʦʦ֮ЦģʵҲͻƵСȥһɡһŮӶ˵
˿Ůһۣҡҡͷһս㲻ȥ
ʦҡ
ҡͷߵһ˵ģҲﵽ֮ˣȥ
ǣһĬԵһ귭Ʈ䵽С
ŮӼԼʦʦȥʵʦأʱȥ⡭
ΪأԲǶʤǹڵơ
Լʦô˵ŮŵͷĿ⿴У֪һսʦʤˡǣŮҲ֪ʦֳҪܵġ˴Ų٣ǿͬ٣˶ԼƵġǣЩ˶йһˡ
ڹʱȴŹǷŲվһųе˴򶷡ʵǲھҲǿˡֻ˴̫Сģǻ̽ԵģȥҪð


584 ʯ
˴򶷽ɳȥʦȷʵǿһϷ硣֮ӿһ䣬ܣХŰڵߣĽڽںˡ
ģʲôҵ裡һһŲ򶷣Լ豭տҲɺȳ
㱻ȳ⣬ǰΪ굹һ裬һϾ˳ʲôˣôȣ
㿴ŶԷĲˮȻЩմԼϣҲЩϲ˵ΪԷʲôġǣⲻԷԲ˿
ٴθһ裬ԶЦеĿ˵ٿȵġ
㡭һ䣬ȴֲˮŰðȵһѻֹסҲһ֡
ˣȲ裡ЦѲ豭˹ȥ
˼ֽӹ豭ǣָոսӴ豭͸оһ˹ֲ֮£ָ𿪡
˼۾һٴŲ豭ץ˹ȥʱȴѲ豭˦
˲ļ͸ˡ
˵ʱ򣬲豭УסȴоһȵӿϣоؿЩơ
ŶԷŲ豭֪ԷпûлЦЦŲȡҪǲң
ŲΪ˵裬¶־ɫ³һŸоؿڵ˹˦˦ЩֱۣıӰֹһǿʵһСڻ֣ʵҲ֮ôһˣ
ҡҡͷתͷеĲˮŹӿȷʵ̣
ûпȵģȴܾ֮ѲˮȵֵزĿʮ־
뵽⣬겻ɳȵȣ
ţŤͷһﲻԼ鷳ɡո̽һʵӦôԪľ硣ȻԼ鷳ǲܵġ
²ҪˣԱ߸ҵôЦеĿ㣬ͬʱŵͬ˵λøλֵܡ
ʦ֣ǣߵͬɻĿԼʦ֣ʦûհɣȻԼλһˣⲻǿЦ
þãô໰ȳ
ĺȳ⣬ͬŲ˵ʲôɲվվ
վûж겻Цô²Ը𣿡
ǵǣЦһһģֻһ˵裬˻᲻
޷ҡЦ
ô˵ҲһƨߣֲҪ£һطܣŲŹ֡
ʸ´꿴˵ո˵꣬ʦܾ̲סֹʦ֣һָʲôô
Լʦ˵֪ΪԼλЩˡҲûнͣǰĿ⿴㡣
ҶҪҪȲ裿شȻˣȴԼԼһ裬
ʦȻȳ䡣Ǽʦ˿⣬
²ô˴˵ĽУʯСǺǣȲʲôʵҪҪȵƣ˵꣬ȡһ̳þƣŰŮ죬ҺһΣ
ʦ֣վʯ֮ʦܵԲ۾һ̳ŮЩʦֵǧ󶼺Ȳһȴû뵽һˣԼλʦֺˬóԼʦ֣Դȷʵǳˡ
ʯ룬Ȼ㡣Ц
ʯЦ̳ڣǰĲˮɾΪһŨľƮúܶ˶Ŀ򡣶ˣʯȻ͹ڵһھٱͬһ㵲ѡʯһﲻһıǿ׶Ҫȥ𣿽ôԴһ˺Ⱦƣ
˿Цв⣬ȴûй⡣Ŀٴο룬ʱѾʮּˡ
ǺǣҶ־һ˭ʤʯ꿴ǰǴһ˿Цݣº͵̲꣬סʵ
ȻҹʤˣҲش
һ仰ȴλʦЦһɵҲ֪һ֮Կһһ֮ʤǹҲʤһҲǣô˵һ֪ʲô
ɨ˶ԷһۣҲԷĻٱʯȣ
ʯ費ı飬иǾȡ꿴ҲʮңԼҪСϼꡣǾ˳ɾͣСӡʲôʱˣ
ҶֲʦܵĻʯһʦܣЦ˵ٺȡ

ʯ̸ЦʱڸߴĽŮգ˫ˮӣɻĶķ
̣㿴ʲôĵ˼̶һĿתЩʧʵ
ûʲô̸Ͻ˵ոտǸ˵ľٶоǸǺеĳӰӵӣȣԼ̫ˡ
ɻ˳񿴹ȥȴһŵӷװ꣬ʯڵλ˵Ц˲üͷ˭
ŸнŵӣܵģҶ»Ǻġ֪ô£Ȼǵʯ꣬ڹˡʦʱŭĽ͡
˿꣬漴һ㣬ʦ׼ȥѵ㣬ɰֹˣӦʯҪģȻǿҪ󣬾ͲҪˡ
ʯ룿λʦֵܴŵĿˣò˼顣ʯʲôԼʦֲʦֻҪ֣һҶȾƣ
ô˵ֻš
ţˣȥѵʦֵͷʮֲϲΪŵӣ̱ˣȴ벻Լ
ʦãʲôɾ㱵Ŀһһʦ̲ס
һعԺ֮еųȥֻеǡ
ǿʦҪʤˡʦ˷ܵĺ
һ˵ĿⶼеУʱʦһƺݺݵĳȥԷܲһƱƵĶԷӲĵ˶²ʯʯȳһĽӡվûжϵһѪҺ˳
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ʦֿĨѪҺߣ
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صӪУĪԼ԰׵ɫЦЦ˵ίˡ
ʦ˵Цˣߵ˲Ĵ롣
ǺǣֻҪϷͺˡԷ֮ߣЩ̨ˣβĨˡкϷˣҵҪܴ򼸳ĪЦĺܿģĿ⿴̨Ǹ޵ӰоȻһ˿顣


585 ԪԾ
ǹ鷳ˡλʦܿվڳеʦ֣Щֻ
Լʦֻܵʯ겢ûֹǰĿ⿴㣬ȴɷƵĺľơ뵽Լһ̳ƾͿף̲סһʹĵСӻǲ
ҶôٴθԼƣʯϽӹΪԼһٲԼҪԷˡ
þƣ̾˵һ䣬ʯֻûУһ̳ô
ʯһ㶣û뵽Ȼ˼ڡʱʯо˸ͲˣԼֱ׳ġ
Ѿһ̳ˡʯشҶֻûлشôأ
һش˰ǸǺþ㿴ʯ˵
ʯһȻ֪ǺþƣĲҾôʣôǹʦ̨顣
뵽⣬ʯҲεҶ֣ǹڴ˴׶༪ˣ˴ˣһ˴ǹڵ⡣ȰҶֻ뿪ڵĺá
ǲǽŰڵҲ̫˰ɡ⻹ǹء㶢ʯܿŵ˵
ʯһ쵰Լǽûõôֱӵ˵𣿻˵ôѾģͲ֪Ӱһ̳׺˲ɣһ̫ˡ
Ҫǣ仰Сúܶ˶תͷһһŹ֡ʯ֪ʲôЩ˶ЦϹ˰ɣʲô˲ãһˣ
ȣʯڵԴȴջˡһи̾
ʯһѰеľƶٸˡʯˣԼôһ˵ƶԼˡ
Ҷû˵𣿺ôãôɣʯ궢˵
ʼ磬޹˵Һȵġ
㡭ʯԼܱ˸Ǻ˼漴˵Ҷִ𲻴Ӧǽأ
ʵɣǽҲûʲôġǰҾڹЦҪҪʲôɼŮůСʲôģȻĶȸߣջǿҲʾг⡣

ʯʦҪһ㣬һ˵ĻҲ֪ԼʦΪʲôԴһţʦˣٺݺݵʰ㡣
ĻʯĿ⿴㳡룬ٲ˵ʯ룬㿴ܣʱ뷨Ȼı䣬˵Լ
ʱĳУʦվ롣λãһӰӶվ
湫ӣ˵һǰʹﵽ֮ʦ֮ΪҲ֪㹻ûУҪ㹻ĻǴﵽ֮ˡ
˵ҵˣ湫ӵȻ㲻̫ǿǲ鷳ġ
벻ǵϼҲһһ־ɳԼѹӡ
ڴ˴ҪˣԼһҪɥʧʸˡ

۷׷׵ʱ򣬵ʦֹЦŷ̸´С
ʦû뵽ԷȻ˺Լⷽһᣬһͳѡ֡ΪʦʵѾˡǰȥʦǺܿҪˡʦǵѹʵǿǵס಻ս
ְɣʦЦ
ʦһҧӿ׵ƣڳͬʱһΪһһҲƶȥֲ
Ǻǣ׵絹ĺ˳ʧȥ˹ڵľ衣ԣһҪܡ
˵꣬˫ֵȥһһץ˹ȥ˫ץϣڽڴϣϵķ顣ԷԵĹ׵ıԷˡݻٵͬʱӰһ䵽ʦߡһƳ˹ȥֱֱʦֵϣȵķڵϣڵһ졣
ʦ֣
ڵ˾ŵȴۿŵ棺Ԫ֮
һưΪ֮ʩչ׵Ĺĵȷɣ֮ѡǶԷ϶ﵽԪ
ϼҾȻһ
оȲѣﵽ֮ûʲôֵġֻҪʦŰڵأṩ㹻Դ֮ɴﵽѾҪۺϻԪ
ǰ߿ԿʦŵԴʵǺȴԼ츳ȻϼҳһȻﵽԪĵزһУԺͼǰᲢˡϾǼҲԪѡ
ڵ˷ʦ£ʦŵѪҺһĵʵʦ֣û°ɣ
ʦҡҡͷߣҡ
ⲻĴҡҡͷ̨ϵĵ棬һڣߵļӡ
ô죿ԷȻھͳԪĵӣǻô򣿡
̣ȥʦ̨һҧ˵
ǣҲ֪ԼȥѾûˡֵܵԪĳȥλʦûˡ
ȤȤھͳԪˣô򣿹ֻѡҶ֣ԭ뿴̨һģûˡʯЦ
ûдڳпһˡ˲Ǳˣǵٷ塣ԭǹڵĶӡ
ԭû뵽ʵҲͦģﵽԪľ硣ЦûǡЩʵҪǿϲ١ֻǣԼǶԷȴǺԼ̫Զ㲻ò̾ЩԴȷʵܶࡣ
žԴЩ壬źεԴǵĵӣӺ˰ɡ㲻𵱳ľ̫ӣ̫ӵʵֲԹ룬ѵǹ崫˵ʵ
뵽⣬ͻȻûʲôֵýġԼ׵ƣȴԴпãñԼ
ҲˣҪļǹĻƾ츳İµ۴УڷˡϵڷҲѡֻҪµĹѨõµ۵ıأӵй嶼Ϊ֮ʵԴ
㲻뵽Լͼ֮еĵۣĵŰϽĹѨʱһҪȥֹҪõأԼ鷳ˡ
Ҷ֣ڹһˣûԹҪңˡʯȻʲôţǱڵĹڣȴҪǿ١㿼һ°ɡʯЦ
û˵ǿųеٷ͵˵Ĵ򶷡
һٷʤˡ㿴ųеĴ˵
ٷ浹ǲһԪߵҪǿһ֣ʩչ׵磬һսûʲô
֪ʲôȻѧ˼ۡλʦܼ䲻м˵޳ܡװֵӡ
ЦЦû˵Ƕʯ˵ʯֲȥһ棿
Ҫȥǹھˡ棬ܶ˶ȥͷء


586 ʦ
ٷȷʵǿһ׵տ񱩣ɨ֮Ƶĵ治㡣ǣҲһ򵥵Ȼ·磬ٷҪڰҲǲܵ顣
ƣ
ٷŭһ糤һ׵͵ı׵ɢʮ񱩵׵˷Χȥ
״ͬɫһһҧֱ˦Ӱڷɶܵ۶

ڵĺ£ܱʮֲ쫷Хأʮ׵ײһ𡣿ռ䱬һ죬ռŤ׵ͷХһڵߡ

ܱ֮У汻ĵ˳ȥյ䣬һʯ֮ϣʯȵķֱƿ֮
ͬʱҲƺһˣ˳˹㳡֮⣬ס壬ֳŵ棬
ٷͬɫЩ԰ףֱ۲ȻӮһԡǣˡҲ֣ٷȻԷǿһǶԷҲһԪĸ֣Ҫһʤ˶Էôܣ
ٷ浹мֱ£ҲʤһսѡʯЦеĿŹ㳡֮УĿ⿴ĪԵķ򣬡һΣҪ̲ס˰ɣ
Ȼʯ껰µʱֻĪԶߵһ˵˼仰˵ʱֻһ͹վ㳡֮С
ڵ˵ĪԵʦ֣ʵɲ⡣
ڳסˣѹȡ֮ˡ
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ٷ汬׵磬˵ڵղûˣоȻֻܱ
Ųмָһ㣬ļµ˲ٷɢŲƵס
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ĶסĿֱֱĶųС֮䱬䣬ڻⱬͬʱҲ񱩵ķת˰զࡣ
ٷҪˡҡҡͷȷʵǰˣܰױļµٷ汬ͽѡ
ȻٷؽضϣҲᣬһ׻شݺݵĺٷϡٷ汬ˣִٵֵ
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񱩵׵ϣĵɳȥڹ㳡֮⣬ҳһӣɫ԰ףıͣվûסһѪҺ³
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ٷһƽԪңԷ׵ƿҲҪǿԼһԼǰˡ
Ұˣٷǰ¶Ρ
˰˰֣̾һߵһ˵ȥɣΪǣʵڲУǾͷڵĵλ
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˵ͷԭԼѰͻư֮룬ֻҪԼͻƵ֮ǾѹЩˡǣȴʧˡҲŴĪΣ֮С
ΪһƬڣҪǲܷڣԷȫڡҪǳһϵ飬ȷʵɡڵλ϶
ԣоϱĪѹ
ͽ̣վĶ档
͵ЦǹλӴĵӣԿԺʦĪ
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ͣãҾ͸㣬Ƭ˭չڲǹͳ
ߣһָһ㣬ܵ˲ۣ׵񱩵׵ڳͬʱȻûޣצ˹ȥ
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ǰ˵˴չȥͻư֮ڿȻûͻơ
ˣܺսҲ޼ڵĽӣʯڵʯ¶Ķ֡ΨһܺսģֻλĪԹӰɡ
Ҳ˵Ŷа֣˭֪᲻ˡңҲСӡͨԪʵĪԶһʦ֣Ȼǰûг֡ǴӸոٷһսܿĳʮֲֿ
Ǻǣһ˵˴δ֮λĲֻڣżšȻеʵҲ

۷׷ף㳡ϵĴȴԽԽҡʯʱҲЦҶ֣˴Ϊ˭ʤ
ŽӽͨԪߵʵʵǿȷʵסڵһӵš
Ҷֵ˼ǣʤˣ
ʯǣȻҡҡͷʱ򲢲һСʩչϣȻҪǿϼ֡
ʯ꿴һۣ۹ϣȷʵʦҪȻĪҲĸԸĽʦ֡һ֮УĿΪġ
ȻĿ̸ʯʦʮֲмƲƲ졣
һսذܡʯͻȻЦŲţ
㾪ȵĿʯ꣬ɻ²˽ۡʯΪʲôۣ
ſɣʯ궢Ц
㲻ʯģʯն֪һЩʲôɡ
̨˵ĴԽԽңһıɣռ𵴣һġ
һ׳뻯ȻҪǿٷ棬ʩչ׵ͬ񱩣һһϽ档ǣܶƵľ˲಻СǱƵ·硣
ҳȥ
ѹסӰһؿڣҪĳС
ǣĳʱ¶Цݡ֪ʱгһ׭׭һʮɵľ޴׵磬ȥ
ɣ
ʦ֣

͵վȴ޷ʲôֻܿǷ׭׵ײһײѪıɳȥͬߵķһ³һ·ѪҺ
ʦ֣ӿ첽ܵߣһЩӸǰԼ˵ҩһԶ
ɣӶŭĿӡ
ڶԷŭȴ˿Ϊ⣺Ҫз׭Ҳá
żֲмǹķ׭
Ҫɱ㣡һӱŭȥһȭݺݵĺɨ˶ԷһۣŲм˵ǣٶã
˵꣬һױڶԷϣ߶ʱɳȥ˵ءǣһĻûЩǻǵѪԡ


587 Ϊİ
˿⣬ײϵŵӲҽеɳȥЩȻȴûʵѪԲܸıǵ
Ǻαأʯ̾һָһҽеĵӣ˵Ҷֻ·ҪǺԣǵʱЩһ
ͻȻЦˣЩһѵʯҪҳֲɣ
ʯЦЦ˵ҪҶҪվҶĻֻԳˡɲѣǾֻܳΪˡڵˣһֱӷϵģýұ
ȴҡҡͷ˵ˣɲʵһѡ񣿡
ʲô
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ס֣̿ԼʦֵܲϵĹһȥɴȵ
ǣĺȫûáЩɲǰȥ
һĻ̼ĵɫ԰ףŵڵϵĴʦ֣һ̨ϵĪԵˣҡô˻ûг֣ԼĴʦȴˣ׶༪ˡ
˻ȥǲĶ֣Ҫ
һڵӺȵ𶯡𶯣ЩӻָҧгݵĶ˵ĵӣĬĬ˳ȥ
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ЦֶΣһţֻǱǿߵĶ٣ȲƸӵķ׭ΪʲôãѵǮ࣬һ㣬ҲҲǱɣ
㡭ŭ
˵棡Ҫǲȫҷ׭աмĿһ۶ԷϹŴģѵһЩ׭ò𣿡
仰ǼɫǺ졣ȷʵǴϹŴģȷʵġǣЩǸò֡ҪȻǹڵĵ̣ݵ˱衣ԭڹһ˵仰ȫǴǵ
˼ǣ㿴ǹڵ겻Ƕôǿôţ۸ɵʱ򣬸׷ɱڷ˰ɣ˭
ڶ裬ȴûһܷ
ҵĶ֡ʲôӣһһԪûдﵽˣεס
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˿񱩵Ĺ£Ӹסķ˳ȥ
ӱ֮Ҳ䵽СͨӶȥΪڵĺĵӣʲôѡ
㿴֪ȥҳ飬һǰȥսˣ̲סĵ̾˼䡣Ȼǿĵȴй
ȻһĻŵҲ¶˼־塣Ǿ龴壬Ǿͻ˶Źڡ
̿һʦֵܣɫ԰ףֱֱĿųУҲ볡Сʦ˵ĶԣҲ
С㣬ʦܶмӡں͹ԭһҡΪʲô˿ڣ̡
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һУվǵסЩǡҵڱˡ̵ԺͻȻһ˵ӰϾҡҡͷɿЦһҲı䲻Ľ֡
һȴ̵ֵ֪Լ̫ˡԼֵֵҲס
ȴŽֵ̿ǵҪʱһ׵Զֱֱĺϣķ顣
һĻ˴㵣һ͵ĿŹ㳡ͬʱܴһ£ܵסҪԪһлԪ
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ֻһŴͣŵĿ㣬һʯʦܣָָ㣬Ͱ𺳵˵㡭㡭
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ʯʦܸоԴѣˣĿžƱ֮оˮ㣬һ
ͬԾ˻ʯ꣬ʯ֪㲻򵥡ǿ㼤һ̲ܵסȡ
ԭΪԼҪˣû뵽һ̴ϲ뵽ԼʦǲǶԷԼĿ⿴ԼʦȴԼʦ𱻼˵
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ͬû뵽Լһ˵סȴûмԷ㼣ü̲סһ˭ͷ¶βʲôӢۣ
ԷĻеһ䣬ԼӢ𣿿㳤ôѿ϶ɲӢۣ
ȴûվ˼ǺйʣһҲЩ̾ڰڳͷȴû뷨ннĹأڼʲô취ԼʤһΣԺأ˭ǣ
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ûվŭһڵ˶Ǻ֣ԭҲˡ
һ˵Ӳǹڵġ
ǺȻѾҧǹڵġΪڳĳȥڣû˭ܱ׵硣
̼Էûվ˼ҲüͷĿܵĴ
Ҷ֣ٽءʯͷһģǿңǿҵģ̲סһ㡣
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ʯЦ˵ҶֲԸȥҿҪߴˡ
ݡһ䣬˵ȥҲ̨ġûкô飬ҿɲ
ʯɲô࣬վҪҵ
ʯһ仰˵Ŀⶼ㡣ֻǼһŴµʯָµʱһһƬʯЦһ㶼Ц
ʱҲĺȵʯ꣬ҲϷˣң
ʯ˶ŭĿӣЦãԼ˵ʵôûأ͵͵Ŀһۣȴ͵Цʯĸҧгݡ
ߣŲǣʯ˵ǸǹˡǸոҪҵλѾˡ˵ֿԣʲôƷʲôУԸЩ˴ܵġ
һԼʲôʱ˵仰ˡ⻰ǺԼθڣҪǶԷĻ㲻֡



588 Ӵ
ʯҪܰҹڶȹѹأһΣ˰ΧĹͻȻ˵Ŀ⿴ʯꡣȻոʯԼ֣ҪľвҪ
ʯԷ˵һ䣬ԼԸǡȻҺǹûʲô𡣾ǹڸڵλʯҲòڵλáǣڿǳŵʯڲٺôôվߣ
вĿɻĿĪԵĿ⣬ʯϽ˵˵ЦˣҴδ׵磬ôҳ֣˵ˣ֮ڵˡֻ˼ûкôԸ֡
뵽ʯ겢ϵҲȻȷʵոձ׵Ӧֻйڵ˲ſʩչ
ܣͻȻ˵˭ֻҪҹڶȹ˴ΪѡڶһһƷ
˻棿ҲûסŹ˵һԸĸ߼ۣΪ֮һǮҪǲ׬Ҫΰ
ʯ͵Ȼ֮ϣ̲סĵһ䣺ԣ
ǣȴԼǶŹڵ˵ģڣ
˵꣬ڷɶڹ㳡֮ϡ˿һĻĿɿڴĶ㣬һЩ˵ŵĿһ
նУС֮
ѵ˳֣ʲôãĵҲС֮ѣһˣôţ
ҿܶ˿Ĵֲ̲סͬģʱһĻҲһ£óƷ֪Բ˵ģ˲ô򵥡ǣû뵽ôǿ
ҶŲƵʦִ͵Ŀ꣬дżֲš
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ˣֻû뵽ʵôԶһУʵҶǿ̫ˡ
ҲĿն꣬ǲ˼֮ɫû뵽ȻʵȻȵǣҪǲе˾ȻغͬҲվʱͬ
ȤȤڻһһһˡѵ˴ιڻҪһȲɣ
һ仰ùڵ࣬ȻǾȡ˭Ҳû뵽ҳǿһ
޹ֶ֮һûĻġȣûĻ¡̾һͬĿǣĵȴԼǲҪһѧãϾΡ
˵ĿⶼҲͦͦţĿĸоǺˬġ֪ˣһҲʧܺõġ
ȥɣߵ̵ߡ
̿ͨ漴̾һСһЩֻǴͷģкܶûϳ
Ů˽紺ӣҲûѹԼָգգ˵õģΪҽɣ
ϤɫϤŴ۾ֽŴͣǲ֮ɫͬʱ̲ס
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˫У鲻ϻ䣬̴û˱ϲΧоԼ嶼ǸŮΣ˭ϣԼİӴ
ǰ꣬δÿһζΪ
̽ҧͣ첽ܳ㳡

㿴͹˵Ľܶߣŵϵ飬΢΢һ㶣Լû۸Ů˿ʲôԼ˳һ
ǰƽ꣺ЩʱͷǲҳġͷǾͱҲˡ
ҪôЦеĿŶԷ
һĴʦһųȥ
ȣһΪҪɱءԭֻҪųȥҲգûɱĵķϡҲͲɱˡųȥˡεʼ硣
ôĿ׵籬ϯȥ
˵۸ˣУЦ
ԼܵĪ裬׵ǿ񱩶ٶȣȴԤϣУȻ˵ûԷһƬ䡣
й꣬ЦеĿ˰ɣֵңסŶҪҪá
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˻δӦһİ쳹ռ䣬ͬʱһӰ˳ȥֱֱķĪԵķĪԵĽ£µʯҳƬմǿ
ŵڵϵˣ˶ɴ۾Ŀ㣬һ޴İӡ׵һֱιȥ
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ĪʱҲȻվֱֱĶųеӰдż֮ɫλʦֵʵףҲԲ˰꣬ǿֵز
ĪͬʱվĻʯˣʯһءԭҲΪʵ࣬ÿϷȴϷϵı仯ߵλʦܣ͸ǺϲʱԼʦޱȵĳݣԭԼʦͿĲѹȾơ
ڵʱͬȵĶ㣬ǰδеϲˣȻһǿߣһȷɸոҫǺεȿֲʵ
Ψƽֻ̣֪ݵ֪ôֲÿǰ֣ôǣһԪΧЩߡ
۾ҲһֱֱĶųе㡣
ǸСĴˡˡ㽫ŰɡһǱ߶һ̾һΪԼҲջԼҪǰͿˡ
仰ȴûһЦ˿㶼ļɵĪԸǽüͷ
һ򲻴ҪǲҿҪƷˡ㶢˵ûԼıꡣ
ߣ
˼ƻôõ飬ȻԸⱻһСС˸ҡ꣬һҪɷֹڶԹڳ֡
ΪڣһȻҪѹŵſڶµĹأΪľǱ֤ò˥һһȫѹƣʱȴðһԣʲô۶Ҫɵ
ĪԿһ㣬˻мϤġһԶһߴһ
ǿֹҡ
ĪЦʱʵΨһͲţܵסԼЩˡеֶΰɷԸʦֵֶΡǰҲѪܡ
뵽⣬Ī΢΢ЦĿ㡣


589 һһ
࣡ͽ̣һ꼤ɫУȵƱɫѣѹȥϯХгһͬһĵƮ緢
㿴еķ΢΢㵣ⷨǲĹâĳԽһռˡ
º۹⣡ҲΣżȻõģܻ۳ɽʵܷʮֹ
仰ЦЦǹǿģ
ǾɡʵҲԸ⶯÷Ͼΰֲ֪꣬Ҫʱˡ
һԪʵûдﵽߣʵٷʮΣЦʮֲмĿŶԷ
ŭȷʵûдﵽԪǽԪҪܿâ
󶯣Ѫ
Ҳûסȫȫӿ뷨֮Уʱͷ֮ϣһ޴ǹ۶ɡãɺѪԲεķ룬֮䣬ſռ䣬һɱ֮Ƕ£ùۿ˶סֱֱĿųС
̵ҲȻվҧ촽ųУ϶ԷȷʵֲѾԽǴʦˡܵס
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ŭһѪһ֮쳹գ漴ֱ磬֮ƿ֮ڶ
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ԷĻʧЦ̵˼עУҡҡͷСƣ֮
ŵĻ˻δӦͼƷһưȥһư£ǰһ޴ƣɢҫ۵Ĺâܵһ̱ɨһգȫ֮УɢƵǰ水˹ȥ
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ĪҲһǸ꣬ҲҪͨԪʵܣĴﵽ
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Īҡҡͷһߵ˵÷׭İҲҪճ
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Īߵߵͷ䵽֮УڶԷǰ档
ǺǣԽԽˡôһ̨֮ˣЦеĿŶԷ
Էһ˵㹻ʰˡ
㶫óɡҪǷ׭ЦɱһûУһ֮ûЩθսҡ
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ƨһ䣬ܽҲ⼸ֽ⼸ֽҪκβң㻹Ϊʲô
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ĪԵɫʮѿ֮һΪ֮סϹʱڣڲ֪֮֮һʱĪȻõС
ǣϹʱڹڵĵҪľ֮סҲΪʲôڴԭȻûеõ֮֮ϹڵΧ֮׸ǹΪûˣһЩ
طֻҪọ֮̃ףʩչطǾܽϹŹڵ֮С
ǣȴһ֮׵һѲɽˣҪ˵ĻԴǡ
뵽⣬ĪԺ޵ֱҧ
ͬ㣺ѹһʵԭǵõȱĴ࣡ȱ֮طҪý첻ҹڰ
һ㵭˵Ȼ֪ʲôֻǼĪܽг̲֮ס⡣һǲġ
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ˣֻһбԷˣԷȴһûƶ˿ɵѡĪԶ㣬Ҳ˼
ôһҪʤѹڸϳҪȻа취ΪҲһ鷳顣
ĪԴˣһҪڳ֮֮ͬʱҪ֪õ˶ٹڵ֮еԴ
һ
Էų̂һ˵ҪǻҾȥҵƷˡ
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ĪԺһȡһѷ׭һ˵һϣʱȻʰЩ׭Ƿ׭ܿסһ̨˴š
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㿴žȻ˲΢΢һ㶡ȸԼʩչһ׭ֲʧЦΪʩչ׭һҪҪʩչ
˵꣬һ˹ȥһԷѪ˳ȥ


590 ֮
һһﵽ˰Ī¶ݣǰ꣬ԭΪԷֻ֮׵ѡһȴƽ棬ȴĻķ׭Ҫûаǲġ
ǿĳϣǾ׭Ĳ˶Īߵһ˵¶֮ɫ
ĪԵ˵ͷ˵˼䡣ˣ΢΢üͷ˵ⲻϹذɣ
ĹأĪԺȳȥžǣһҶš
ǣ߼Լ˼ᶨֻȥš
ȴУӹ㳡֮⣬ͻȻʮߣЩһ֣͸Իű򿳹㡣
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ڵ˶ʱŭһһġǣʱȴôһ𹥻㡣ЩȫµĹصһ¡
Īԣʯ꣬ӣǲعأǾʤˣҲǵʤһŭȵ
Īɨ˶ԷһۣԷĻԼȻôа취˳ָָġ
ڵҪǰסǣЦ˶ʲôһһȷһ
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⵹һð취ЦΪκεҲɣ
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Ī̲סĶ棺ºʵ취ա
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Ҷ֣ΪǸˣʯ㹰˵
Ц޷ȵҳֻһЩġ
ĻʯҲЦҶֵĻҲ˵ġ
㿴ʯһۣ漴˽һ۵ҲʶɵķϣҪ£ͲƤࡣ
Ӳ֪ǰĻЦл£뵣ĵӦǸ²Ŷԡ


591 ˧޵
ЦЦָʮ˵ƾЩˣҪκεң
Ī˵Ծ֪ˣ
˵꣬Īȳһڵ׹ڵȻ㲻ǿҵʵʹһǿġ
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ʯȴȡһʯʯƹ棬ȴСӡʯеĶ϶򵥲ˡȻʯ˵ű֣ܺͰϰС
ʱһŵĽܳҲϵóǷȻԷӶࡣЩЩ˫޵ıÿʵҪرĪԵˣʵҪϲ֪١
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Ҷ֣ӦҲٱɡǣֻҪûеվͱذܡʯ꿴Це˵
ҡҡͷܱǸĸǣǲ´ˡûб
һ仰һ㶣ĪԸЦܵĸ죬Ҫ䡣ߣҪǼڣҸλãõڵԴҴڣΨҶ𲽿գ
ҿûôҰģЦеĿĪ˵ΨҶ뷨ʵֲˡʹûҪʰҲ׾١
һ仰˶ŭһ̫ˡѵΪǿֵز
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ôǲģЦеĿˡ
Ҷ֣ɵҪ˶ôɵʯ̲סһ䡣
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ӵ˼ǣǶҲöģҲöģ޸ո˹ĵģŭȲѣ˿̴˹ĹӻһħǿƵģ仯㶡ֻһЦ˳
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һȭһ֮ӰڳֻǿһӰӣһӰӲϵÿ֮䣬Ȼһ˲ҽУҽеͬʱ֣˵ɳȥڵ֮ϡ
ڵ˶ʱ޷ŵһĻԭҪλŽӴӣδļ󡣾һҷ˳ȥеӰսһ㣬һȭһ̶ʱͷɳʮߡ
ĪԼ״ҲȻѣһӰӣеľֲơ˵ٶȼֱԤϡ
ҿˣ˳ĹΧ󡣡ĪԴ󺰣ƾǵҲܺԿҪ鲻ɣǰܶˡ
˲ˣ
Ц緢ȭͷɲϵĺ˳ȥÿһȭĪӪ˾ͼһЩˣȻûһһ֮ڡ
̶ʱ䣬һˣԭΧĶʮˣʱֻʣվǰ
˿ǰЦע˵꣬һ̲ۡסð˺⣬һȭһҪεȰ
ô˵Ӯң
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һ£һ˳ȥһĳȥܵĿռ䶯һɹͨռ䴫ݣĪԡĪɫȻʹֵ
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ҪⶫڲŹġĪݺݵ˵
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ʯڨڨЦǸҶ֣Ǹոջ㲻ôİɡ
ЦеĿʯ˵㲻ǸңΪڸոҺȾƵķϣҾͲˡ
Ҷ֣ҵıҪԸҶ֣㲻ôݰʯһѱһᣬҪ˵жίͶί͵͵Ŀһʦųȴֱţ;Ȳǡ
ûõΣ˵ѧǣװԽͻԽñ۸ˣ˵Ҳ֪֪ûĻˡ
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˾ٶʯͽӶһۣͻȻҪ˹ȥ
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Ц˵˳ȥ˲ҽУ˵ϣеҲУ֪㶪ʧ
˵ʵһҲǣǾǲҡҡͷ˵Ҫô۾ҡȣҪԸķ䡣
ʯͽӺһ䣺ûӦģԼһҧҪĵġ
ȻɲǵıԹ뵽ջĶ͵ЦѣйڴӦĶһԼˡ
ڵ˿ŵĽܳӶôɷﱻսһգһȻҲ˼־η
Īжһ֮ڣһﵽôʵҲͰˣҪǣȻ֮ףѵڵ촫ı̳˲ɣ
뵽⣬һĿȵĿ㣬ֻ̿첽ߵǰȻֱۡ
оԼֱ⣬紺̣ܵĸоѣѣģԼѵִˣȻ˧޵а


592 ̽Դ
ǿƣøŵΪ֮ĺһ˸㣡ȻеıҲϴһա
ųϼӱˣﱻ͵סһŭҪʬΡ벻ǣһĹڣʱȴֳԵǿƣųϼأֵŸŵǿߡѸѹȥЩųϼǿƣڶԷռôһºݻһܻ뿪ڡ
ֵĹڣЩ뿪֮󣬻ָƽͬһѹ֡ôŷºݻԵѹ
ǸܲܲҵֱۡҲ֪ĸˣֻҪһ֡žŰɣҲ⡣زСǲǵĥ£ĥԳ޵ֱҧԼĶһǿԼҪ޻޲ˣ㲻֪ѡ
̲֪ʲôֻǲԸٴʧСΪ⣬ԼɬʦֵƵƵͶֻԡ
̣Լĵ֣ɳ
ʦûµģҾҡҡͷߣ㵹һ衣
ڼˣεҡҡͷ԰ĵӣʱҲͬһͨŮһʧңİ
Ҷӿ԰ϵȡ˰ɣҲ˵̣Ƕ˵
΢΢ЦЦǲùֻҪʵǿˣ濴ֶܷߡʵҲ޵ʵܿ֡
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ҵȷʵңݵ̸ϣΪҵʱܵ˶ġ϶һԼԼǱ̾ȵһס
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ûлشĻǶЦ겻ҪӦҵ᲻Ұɣ
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ⲻͬǵԼʵġӦǱ߲꣬ų⡣㿴˵
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ǵȻǣӵĺܶͳУܶͳӵп췣ĵ
ǾͶˣУΪʲôУЦſҪûʲô飬ͰҡЩ飬ô
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뿪ڣȴϵҲžܾ˵꣡
ֻҪ̵ܽӿɽ֮СʦүȻδ۵ĲΡҲ׼۾硣ӵеıȻ˵ӽ֮УõκαﶼӡΣ˵ⱦ֮Уе
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ȿռֳƺΪ֮أһûֻп׵쫷磬ȫǻ֮
л磬֮ףԴڻģǻġƷƷ̺֮׶ޡ죬ͳһ£֮ס
ָһ㣬ǳֵһƬ硣ǻ֮Уԭ񱩱׵磬ʱͬһ˲һ𣬴ӻ֮м
׵缤ͬʱһ֮ѹǶ£ѹضں׵֮Ƶġ
׵֣û׵ĺ֮ѹ֮Уѹѹȵ̺оѣΨһûһ仯ֻ㣬ץǵ׵磬ֱֱɫƽ̺׶ʱʹһһ׵վǰ
֮ףһ췣
£ץŵ׵绯һֱ׶ȥ
׶ż׵磬ɫ䣬ҪӴܣѪɫ
Ӵܵ׶㵭˵Ҫ췣㶼ӵˣҪʲô
Ļ£һ췣˲ͿԽռ䣬׷׶


597 һаܰ
׶ȫȫӿֵĵֵŴ֮׵磬ֵֻܲӭȥ
䡭
׵̤ϣݿĳױĥ׵ĺϡ屬ɳȥݺݵڵϣһƬڣɢŽζ׶ѪģŬҪסվ˼£ȴʼվ
ͣ͵Ŀǰ׶
ֻһУһаһ߽װʵжǿ
ʱ㣬Ҳֳ壬о˺һʹķѪͬŵѹźһЩֻлʱʱӿԴ췣֮ȻܽõġҺǿȹǿҪͨİ֮ɷ֮Ҫ˺塣
Ҳ˵Ʒ׵ĿֲֻǵһضѣһаһشҪԼʵԺ֮һս֮
ȻҲѡʵʩչһؾˣǾҲʩչأʵҪ
ͼ֮ӿ֮еʵĻظһЩվһһ׶˹ȥ
׶ѪģɲϵѪҺ㻺¶֮ƶֵ䶯ڵһѪۡǣ䶯ľ룬վǰ
߽װĲʲô㶢׶˵һǰ㻹ܶҫڣɱɱ
׶۾ɵϴ󣬾βסո̺֮췣ġһôܼ֮ѵ֮׾ôֲ
㣬ľָ޷ơԭΪʰ꣬Ȼһоվʵ
һԵȨȣ΢΢̽һ£һƷȷʵֶָ֮ܲСЦеĿ׶˵ԭû뵽˭ʵƷû뵽Լײˣ͹ֲˡ
˵꣬׼һȥˡǾֵʱ̵Ȼ㣡ȵȣ
һ仰ͣĿ⿴̣ȴ˵
ܷܲŹ̿ҧ촽˵ϾŵĶϣܿȻŵìѾˡǣ̲ϣĻԼ֮Ϊѡ
㿴ЦҷŹžͻкø𣿡
죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ仰˵ϸʦ⣬ĻŵìܾͲɵˡ
㿴ɫĲ԰˼ֵ̣̾һ˵ǵҪĵͳҲҪҲڵκһˡǵʦүҪֻһЩѣǵĵͳЩԵ΢ˡǣȴҪҸ֮󲻸һ㱨꣬ôõ顣
˵Щɫļ֣죺Բ𣡡
ҡҡͷЦûйϵҲգķϣҾͲɱΪԺٵ鷳ӣȴⲻˡ
˵ִ꣬׶ϣӿС׶ĵ϶Էľ

׶ҽһǲʣԹޣĶ㣬ⲻƵ¶ΪһߣԷݻٵﾭڽһˡ߸ϵܳĴ
ڶԷԹӶһԺϣ׶ȥ
̼ˣ̾һҲû˵ʲôǰ׶ι˼ŵҩȻ˵߰ɡ
ǰŮˣҲоЩھΡмˣԼûʲôԼΪڰôæԷȴҪɱֶ𱨵ˣԼֻǻٵԷʵѾչˡ
㣡ܴܲӦһ飿ֵʱͻȻ˵
ʲô£ʵ
ϣ㲻ҪҹΪСͻȻֹסŲҵţȻ飬Ҳϣ¡
ǺǣѵͲҳ𣿡㿴Ц
ҡҡͷģҪǹҪɱ㣬һ֮ǰ
һ仰£ǰ欣͹µĽŮˣûͬҶ˼ϲǣ˿ȴжˡԼϲ壬ȴԼ
ָоԼúܿǷ
ֻҪǲԸңҲǳֵġ˵Ǹһ
һѰıס촽죬ĸоԼЩʧرһ㣬Գ̲סӿ˵ĸо
ģһ䣬Լ̵̫ˣһĴ̼ԼЩܰѳˡ
ݺݵ̵Բęһƣҧ˵һҰս
ᣡ࣬Ͻ뿪壬ﲻǽսĺõطȻ񣬵ǻûкŵֵز
İĻѹҲ֪²ʺϺЩ̵֣˼Զߡ

һ·ߣҲΪ̵ԭıܿڵĵӺͳϡȻѰ£ڹڵĹ֮УҲõ˲ٺöһЩҵȼͣȻлһЩҩҩݡ
ȻһԴҲһЩϹޡֻЩϹ޴඼Ϲż֣ʵǺǿɲʲôв
Χɨȥ˶Ҫӽʱȴüͷ
ôˣɻ㡣
ȻֵǮĶȷʵһЩȹڵĵֵ̣һᡣŵмأеĶڵر֮ǰڿмʵˡ˵
ȥͰȥǵʲô㿴˵Ҳǵңֱӽǡ
ûô򵥡ϹʱڣֻŵĳϲܽȥŸֽ赲˴СǰʲôǣмϹŽơ
ҪΪˣڵҲɨͲıֱȥˡ
ȥ԰ɡЦҪǲҲûʲô취
̵˵ͷҪǰȴҡҡͷһһȥҪʦɱҵȥֻìܼ
һ㶣漴ı㣬֮ɿ˵Բίˡ
ҡҡͷЦʲôԲģˣȥɡһᾡǶġ
Ļ̵ͷӰ£ʧ֮С
뿪Ҳһ治ԸЩ˶˵£վ鷳οϵ


598 
ȫʯѻʯ׾͸ͬǣŵȥʮ־Ө£⣬ûȴżȻ
ھӨ͸ʯ̨£Ѿվ˹ڵĶΪ׵̺׺յˡ
̣أ׺̡
Ҳ֪һûþͷֿˡһѣ͵͵Ŀ׺աȴ׺仰һϵЦҲһ֡
һʱеĽȫ顣µľҪԸ㣬׶һ˵뷨
ϣɡ̶׺յ˵
׺յͷϰٵӺͳžӨ͸̨̤˹ȥڼ˵Ľ̤棬ʯ̨ͬˮһһƯˮϯ
ע⵽һĻʱһӰӴĽһˤڵϡûûĵһ
ʯѹʵã˸оأʱ𼸷׺ոоڵʵѹһЩĵ˵漴Ųһȥ
һڵߵ֮ʱǸоʵѹһɡǳ˼֣֪ͬ졣Ǹոյ̨ףͱѹһʵǽֻ֮Ρ
ߵ֮⣬űһĤǣתϢ׺ǰ˹ȥڹâһ죬ѿ˼ѷ죬׺һãξô꣬ѾǺǿˣǡ
ͬһҲŶˡڿûˡ
׺׼ְѹĤ׻׼ȥʱʨ𶯲񷣬ӵ߳߸ɿݿݵʨޣȴڶӾֵʵð
˺󡣡׺Ҳһû뵽ػŵͷޣȻʬػϱСӡųԽʵ׺ղò
ӹŵϼأֻػź춥ʵʱȻʬǿȴûиı䣬ǿΪʵ½ǵ׺յСԡ
ϣ߸ʨ޲öԸһְɣһ϶׺˵
׺ҡҡͷ£նͷʬ
׺ô˵λ϶һۣ˳ȥóط׺ա
׺տͷʨޣȡһ߽߽̣ȻƷҪնͷʬҪˡͨıԺ֮ߵɲʲô˺
໣
ʬ̶͵ı׺˹ȥ׺տ˹ͷʬ˿Сӣڵӿͷʬӭȥ񱩣ȫ䵽߽档
ʨ޵צӺ׺յ߽ײһ׺ոоֱ۴ľ޴жһͷʨ͵˹Ե׺յ߽ײһ׺ձ̤˼Ľӡ֮󣬲ס塣
ֻʨޣȴֻʨֻ¼ۣǶڱ˵˺Ͳʲô
ǿƾҪﵽˡ⿰ҪԸһ鷳׺նǰĸʨޣдż־塣
ٴĸʨޣ׺ֱ˦һ׵߽֮бΪޣ׵ҪǿĶֱ࣬˺飬˿ֲ׵ֻʨϣֻʨ޲Ϊ֮һ٣ֻʨȫ׵ơ׵类ƵͬʱЩ׵ҲһɹɵĽֻʨڣ塣
һĻ׺һ㶣ܿͷӦʨʲôʦүµĻޣҲ֮סԼ׵磬Ȼɲʲô˺
뵽⣬׺һֻܰ䵽߽֮ϣٴκݺݵ˹ȥһ̺ʮѾĸʨ׺պףһٰնϣҪȻһֱս
׺ΪޣʵȻ˵ֻʨ޵ҲǺ춥ĴڣδܲܡǾƾǿȣĺ׺սսһ
һڵǰսʨһĽۡ׺ҲѪ
ΧĵӿԼĿһǿĴϣʱȻͷȥʨ޶κβˡԵϹڵǿ޶صţǵ굽жôİ
׺һսޣЩҪְ׺գһһԼʵִͷ
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ֱ׺յʱ׺յʵʮɣ߽㻮һĺۼݺݵڸʨ޵ϣ˳ԭеĽۣ˺ѿռڰѸʨնɵΣһͷʨڵ
һڵ˷ܵĴ׺ߵһ̣һֻʨ׺յ߽ײһһײ׺ձĵɳȥĵˮʯ̤һýӡ
ģ׺Ѫһֻʨ˹һ˵㿴ʰ㡣
һȽУ׺ǿ䵽߽֮Уһݺݵ¡
໡
ڸʨ޵໽УʨޱΣһֻʨޱʱһӰ䵽֮⣬͵Ĵ֮Сٶȿ˷Ӧ
׺ȻҲһĻ㶣漴ɴ۾ŵŷ򣺡㣿ô
׺ղţҲû뵽һȻԼƿĤնʨ֮ȽСԼѵΪ·
ո𣿡׺ղڻŷѪĵӺȵ
϶һۣ漴˵ͷϿӦ
һ仰׺ɫʮѿ׶ǳȥԸǼһô£ȻˣԼ˵Ͷɹ
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ȻˣǾͱˡ׺տ˵㣬һɰϳȥ
ǣһڵӴ󺰵
׺յĻ̿һۣҲ˵ʲôȴεЦЦҪ֪һаһǻ
ȻͣҪ˵׶ϱϵˣЩ˶Թ޸ӻҪ㱨
߰ɣǽȥ׺ɫ˺˺ƺƵŵŶȥ
ǣǸոߵţһֵһֵֹסŲ׺ոʵû
˵ͷɻʱ׺ͻȻɫ䣬˵ˣˡ
˵꣬屻ȫͬʱ˼һڵӵǰ׺ֱֱĶǰ
λɻȻ֪ʲôȴҲ֪ˡһ˲䣬Ǿʹ͵ĿŵţһӰźܶĶ


599 ٶ
Ȼ㣬ʱĵŭѣ
ԭΪܽŶԷֻʨ޽ˣȽС뵽ոսУԵȷʵһĻ
ڹڵĵǰǰǵص䣬ããǣ̲סз˺⡣׺ղ뵽ŵеļأʦүϲԷۣһ䡣
źɶ䣬׺պ޵ֱҧű׷ɱ㣬СӸˡЩȴֻܸᣬźһƬɨ˹ȥ
ЩʵҲ֮ʤ࣬ùϰٵӳƴȫסЩ䡣
ЩڵĵӰһնɱЩ䣬һгһϳ
׺տеĶЩûըѹЩ׷ԭǰ˼ҵϳˡϳ֮е㣬Ҳ͵ЦѡûгԹһοԱ֮ˡ
׺ȴĶ㣬۶ԴܼûʲôãǶڴ֮µȴдô侫ֻһҪҩüֵߡ
Ҳо׺ֻЦ׺ճϣǿйԼҵõĶҵġ
׺ո֣ȴһȺΧòϽֶԸЩ䡣
һĻȻЦλ棬ҾͲˡ
˵꣬ԭʩչգЩϷߣóһƬհ׵أʱߣ˵֮С
ţλҲ˲չЩӣʵƿЩ䣬ŵ֮мȥ
ǣǼ䵽ʱȴûӰӣһڳüͷٶȣԤϡ
ģôôʧˣ׺յĸ֪ɨ˹ȥȴûз㣬̲סŭһ
ϣôһ˵
ȥֻҪоͳʱ򡣡׺һСӵĳ׶ϵ׷ɱǳҵԤϡ
˵ͷﻨ㣬ԴĹѹôˣ仹ţ
ҪҪȥЩӾȳһһʵ
׺ҡҡͷʱҪȥǡЩʵ飬ڵĵӶʱʰ䣬ȥĶǶСһЩ֮Ÿֽơ
֪˵˵ͷﻨĹȥ
⼸ڵߵʱȴ֮еһƫ֮Уƫ֮Уһ¯¯֮л̴ζ㶨¯ȥŹɹɻ棬Щ̴Ϣ¯ɢġ
¯о治ѣôȥˣ𻹲Ϩ˵Բ򵥡
̫¯ǰ׼ȡĿǵ׼ƫȼճܻ档ܻ棬Ͻ˺ո˺ЩҲʧһɶ
ס㾪첻ѣȫ̤ǰ˼߽ȥʱԭܻٴγ֣ǰ𺣡ٴ̤ǰȻڻ֮У˲ּ޴Ļˣȫڷɡ
ڻ֮е㣬ܸоĳȣҪʵ̶ʱͷΪҽˡԼԭҪǿ١
ǰ۶ɵĻˣ㿴Ǹ¯Ǹо档
ȻõĻ˶ɲʲô˺£ⲻڰĻˣͱ俪漤ܣŰܣǶеƷȴûһ˿һ𺦡
㻺¯治ϵĻֻߣ𻢣ǣȮ㡣ʵ㶼׵Ĵݻǣߵ¯Աߡɢ̴ζ͸Ũˡ
¯¯Ÿַ׭ַ׭һҲע¯֮С

ϸ¯˶壬ܱ˻¯ȥ롣
еĻ棬룬͸Ҫ̽һ¯֮еĻ浽ʲôܡ
ոҪ¯֮У¯Ļͬɽ緢Ƶģӿɫһ䣬ӰٵߡܿաбϢ̲סļ£Ȼֻһǵ緢ȴоĵгȡ㶼潻档
ƷĻ棿кȻоһҪеƷƷ𣿣
Ŀ¯ٴθԼ˼׭ٴǰ¯֮Уٴ緢緢Ļ棬۳һ޴գռһ졣
ôܣ㿴ͷֵŻķգ𺳡
ⲢʲôƷ𣬶ǵƷ
ʱ̾ԼûкʵҩҲֻǽǾģʺϵʱ͸Լ˺֪ܶʶᵽһֻǷٶ
˵ٶػ𣬺ʵ¯Ϲŷ׭Ȼ£пٶλеƷƷǣɱȴȲϵƷ½ס;ֻҩоֻ棬뿪¯һ뿪ͻϨ𡣶뿪ֻ棬
Զ̴㣬ɱֻƷ½סеһжͺ˵ķٶһ
Ʒؼ𡣡Ŀǰ¯û뵽¯֮оȻ𡣾Ʒؼ𰡣ҪǴȥΪ֮ɡ
Ȼںܶ˵ûʲôõģ壬뿪ҩϨʲôã
ǣڻҩ˵ȴһõƷҩҩƷΡ㴫˵֮еҩҩǺѡ
ϲû뵽ⶫһֱҩÿһҪһҩҪһҩɵáǣȴû뵽˿һҩл˷ĵػ
˵ٶ¯ϣҩǵġȻԵеĻһȵϡ
Уѵסŵһҩʦ㿴ҩ
ܵȣ㲻һ䣬ϲ˵Ȳ𣿿ⱬĻǱǿˡ
ҩһȥƿЩ棬¯ץ˹ȥ㾪ǣ¯ȻգǳһƬûһȵĸоֻץʼĲʮִЩЩץסȫӿʼѹһ
֪ⶫǲܱƿصġҪƷҩһֶûõġҪֻҩʦĿػֻ֮ҪÿػѵƷƿأⶦȻ͹ˡ
ҪǱĵƷ㲻ǣֻҩķٶ𣬾ǾƷɲġҩУпػҲǴģǻľٶַֻͨ


600 ˫
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ռĻ͵죬ڿػ£ԭܵĻ棬۳һ޴ĻڿռŰڷɣյĿռ죬ڿռĻͻ˾ԽԽĻڷɲʮֿ񱩡
¯ѣƵԽԽǿӡ᲻ϵĴһӡʼĿζ۵ϰУȫһץУ۳ͼ
׭
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еķ׭ǿд¯֮Уһ׭кԭѵ¯Ƶʾ˼֡
ڷɵеӡ᲻ϵĴжʱָɫĻ׭һ׭У¯ĲƵʲ½֮Ļ۳ɻ׭¯֮¯ڰֻȼյ𣬶ȴɢһ˿档
ץס¯ʱ¯û֮ǰĿܣץС
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ػ𣡡
㶵Ŀ¯֮ӿĻ棬¯ûô򵥣ֻžƷؼ¯Уŵػ¯֮աȻŵػΪ֮ĵȼҲҪǿϲ١
Ӧòͬڱķٶ¯û˵¯ʱ򻹱ػ
㿴ӿϵĵػһɨ¯ɨԼߣ¯һ뿪صӿĵػǷıһռٴα渲ǣյ졣͸ողͬǣػĳְѴĶҲյķ顣
㿴Ӷĵػ𣬲ô¯漤ȥ
㼤ʱһ侪𣺡˫
׺ճԾĿе¯ȻʶⶫԶʱʦүʦܵıԵػ𣬾Ʒ״ıʦүʦϹʱڹڵһҩʦıȻ˵
ֻ׺պܾȵǣôȡ߱ⱦôΪܣûҵ취Ҳⱦѵ˵㻹һˮ׼ҩʦʦ
ǣ
Ųӿĵػ׺ն㡣ػҪѹһ뿪ﲻһƬˣ
Ѷ׺նŭȵѹȥ
׺յǰҲ̲סһЩ˶湻ģôҵԼǣԼò¯ôý׺ա
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׺տ˵ر㲻ߡ
ЦеĿ׺˵ЦⶫǣҲòˡá
㵹ǼЦǣòˡǿĲ֮ƾʵֲĿػ֮ⶫǣҲˡ
ܲòģҪľǰѶ׺Ķ㡣
ͻȻЦˣҪǲأ
׶ûɱ㣬һԶ֡׺նߵ
һ𱨣Ц׶ɱңѵɱҲɣ
гһǵӽжģҲֻƷڴʱ˵ȴһñڽ̵ʱҲѱΪԼˡ
Ȼȡ׺ղмһӦò֪ҵʵɡ
֪޶ѡ㶢׺˵ŲңҲû޽ֹ
ߣ׺û뵽һôԼ˭޽֣Ҳգ׶û飬ǾȰСӸˡ
ǽҾʶһ£޲սġ׺պһָһ㡣һ֮£ܵĿռ䱻ƿƵģͭǽڣ㼷ѹȥְͬҪѹ顣
ֻÿռ䣬ȴƿؿռ֮ǲ࣬ƾһ㣬ɡ׺տ㵭˵
𣿿ǣû˸㣬֮ɿռ֮ͻȻЦָ㶯ռ䶯ͬʱҲеĿռ֮Ȼֻһ˿ƿһӵ㣬׾ͺԷĹб
ɿռ֮죿׺ռɿռ֮͵Ŀ㣬ʹܣôܴﵽ֮
׺Ķ㣬ͻȻźðովȻ˿ռ֮ɿռ֮Ǻ֮ġ
ܾ֮ѹ֮ΪҪԶԶǿ֮Ҫľ֮ƿؿռ䣬ڿռ֮ƿ£ʵҪѹ߰˷ֻ֣е·
ͬģں֮ɿռ£֮ƿؿռҲǼߣûʲôãֻǱ֮ʰѡ
ǣôǺ֮
׺վţһƺݺݵ˳ֲȣ֮ͬˮ̣ӿ
ɫҲ˱䣬֮Ȼ˵ˮһӿһҧʮɵӿͬʱʩչһջ͵ӭȥ

һ죬ռΪ֮ѣڿֲĳ£ʮףжĽ£̤һѷ졣
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ֱ۲㣬׺˲ˣȻһܾȡûдﵽֻ֮ûдﵽ֮ôɿռ֮
һ׺һȻ벻ͨΪʲô֪㲢ûдﵽ֮һԼʰġ
ҪǸɿռܷ֮Ź㡣׺տ˵֮ɿռ֮ҪԼƿ취˵֮ܲһ졣
ЦܱǸ̫ˣȻ취ܼ򵥡㻹ѧ
׺ŭһһٴ˳ȥȻ㲻˵ǾͰ¡
ԷĹ˿СӣޱϾǿ̫ˡӼҼҲǰʵ壬ǿһս⻹ǽ϶Կռ֮ϣӼҼĿռѹƽ͡
Ǿˣ·硣
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601 ׳
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ʵҲսޣ׺պһһٴ˳ȥֱؿڡ
ڵһƣӰ˶ߣңһӰ׺һƺĲӰϣӰ˲ֱ
Ӱ׺վȵĿǰѵġ㡯ż־

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׺ձϾޣһһ׵˲ĥĸɸɾ
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׺ճϣˣ׺ŭʱȴЦһӰ̶ʱʧ׺յ֮С
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Ҳȵõһ󣬳׾٣ھȵһ׺֮ͬҲûٹ㣬Ӱûһ֮С
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޺Ͱ治һȼģҪԽͶԷսѡ
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뵽⣬㲻˼ʺԼͻơϹŵ϶ʥأԼҪҳﲻ壬ܴﵽнף׺Ҳࡣ
һϢоԼָˣŷ

ϰٵһ·ѹΣĽȷʵ٣ǾµĥʧѾ̫ǿңܶƲûɱġЩӣջᡣ
ҲջḻһȻ֮Ķûһȵ˫еĺö٣߽㶼ȡ㰵զ࣬ԶʱڵĺܸС
Ȼı֮ڵľ͸˵ˡ
ڶһ·ѹε£ܶ๬ɨһաȻҲбĵӣмӴΪɱڷ
ǣĴ̼˿ܻΣգ֮д塣ѵĲʱ˵Ŀⶼемһ޴Ĺ
һȫʯĹĺģڵͳԼʦүİʥеһжС
еĶ˵õĲһЩƤëѡ
ȻҪƿĶֻҪܵõܿĴЩ˵һڣǴҲʱ򣬹ڲü
ǣͬĵطΧǽơЩƣеӶʮͷۡǰȻһ׳أ׳֮һֱ۴ִ׵磬ÿһ׵綼Ű֮и֮ŰУΪ޵׺գ׳ض̲סΪ֮ĺ
׺ղϹʱڣ׳ĵģǵĺĵʵҪжǿȻһֵǰ֮ס
ϣô죿
ڵ׳ĭ̲ס׺գ׳˭ܿԽȥ
׺׳أҲо֣Ϊ޵ҽС
˳ĬʱһӰֱֱ׳֮С䵽׳еӰΪ֮һ㶣漴Ŀ
㣡̾ȣû뵽ʱȻΪǿ·
׺ͬ÷̣˶ҽ׳أԼҪ꣬ȴǿ·ˡ
׺ǴЦʵ鲼׵׳Уò˶ãͻᱻķ顣
׺յ˶עʱһȴ˳׺ճϣǵ׳ˡû뵽ǹڵĶ׵磬Ǵĺö
ĻеΪ֮㵡Ȼ֪׵ǴĺöϹʱڣһƬ׳سĴڣܰϴ跥ǡǰĺõط
ǣҲҪˣϹʱǿȻǺö׵磬ڣ˭״壿СӾȻ񣬾Ȼֱܽȥ׵壬ǳţ»
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׳֮Уԭֻ׵磬ʱһ׵ķȥ׺Цһοô
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׵ֱֱĺϣ˱׵塣̼״ͣдž壬ɫ԰׵ʱڱ׵֮Уȴ˹Ц֮
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Уһ׵缤ȥеӰȥ׵ԽԽ񱩡׺룬׵ҲҪʮ־ԣǳеˣȴڲϽлˬ
ݡ
̲סһرٷȵӣŭѣô̼˵һﵽôģʵҪ׵ôõ
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Ǵ
һʱ׺ɱã׳֮У׺յʵ֪Ҫѹƶ١ԼȴڵˮҪһԸĻԼһһġ
׺ûн׳ص˼Ҳ˼ջʼ׵磬Ȼ׵ȲסǱϾ׵磬ڴ壬ɹ׵£ǿȲϵļǿϢҲϵıǿ
һ׵壬ٷ˿һĿ㡣
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һŭ£ʵ׵Ƿӿ֮Уĵ֮С



602 ɾ˲
˶͵Ŀųе׵д̼˿û飬ҲɿԼŵȭͷһ
ʱȥһֱ׳֮У׳֮УʵҲͻƵнףﵽнףʵһʵı仯룬Լʱǲͨİ塣
׵ɲϵĺ㣬׳֮е׵಻ԴԴϡǣ׵ĴЧѾ΢΢ˡ̾һֻܷд
ܴﵽнףѾǲĽˡȻҪԿ׺յˣҲҪڽһסҪһףô򵥵ģƽ߿궼ܽһס
ǽ׵Ҳôٴνס
ˣȥǿʲôö
Ц׵֮٣ʧ˵֮С
׺ռʧըˡǹڵĵڿһԼ˱⣬ȴȥ
ϣô죿һ׺ա
ȣ׺ҧгݵ³һʡ֪׳زֹı׵縲ǣÿһʱʧһӣһӻָƽֻܵһٿԽˡ
ֻҪȶã׺Ҳ֪뵽ǼһѾ˹׺еĻð˳֮еıʤҪǽлգ
׺յȴʱ򣬸ոճ׳ûõ㣬ȴһ֮СãҲ·֮УҲһʯ˴ӵðܿϰٸϰٸʯһ󣬰Χ롣
Щʯˣüͷһȭֱֱĺ˹ȥһȭֱֱĺʯ˵ϣԭһȭôҲܺĶԷѡ㾪ǣһȭûаʯ˺飬ȭͷʹޱȡ
ŭһ𾪣ʯ˾Ȼְ廹ҪӲԼ֮һһۼ
üЩʯˣЩʯһȭͷݺݵ㣬ûһ㻨Σȭͷҡ
ǼʶԷӲ㣬ɵĺͶԷ֣ӰܿԷһȭȭĹ
ǣϰʯȴҲÿһܱܿģм˼ȭȴ۲ѡ
ʲôģôӲһǸְ壬ԼһȭҲܰ䴩ЩʯԼȴһۼ㲻
㱻ˣܿҪϳüѡò׽ȴһЩʯͷϳȥ˵ȥ
ȡһն˹ȥκβЩʯˡоͷۣʱȭͷȴ̺ɫһ䣬ס⼸ʯˡ
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ӡһ׵缤ʯϡЩʯҲ˶٣
ǣ֮Щʯּ֡
ü׵ǵɱǿˣȴҲκβǡֻ΢΢һ¶ԷĽŲѡ
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Щʯʧ֮ǰһƬâЩâɸոĴڴģһССļ̳ȫɹâɡڼ̳֮ϣһССʯˣȻС㻹ܿЩʯ˺Լոտʯһģһ
ЩСʯ˾ǸոЩӲĶ㶵ĿЩʯˣȴ˲ѡӸոʯ˵ļӲͲʲô򵥵ĻɫӿҪʯ˾ȥȴâ档
㲻뵽ոնԸʯ˵ֶΣӿʯ˾ȥһιâûٸʯС
һʯ˿˿Щʯ˴ʱľӨ͸ʯйתܸоŨеЩʯʯˣͻȻãҪЩʯ׭ĻƷ׵ܳܵˡ
ϲ꣡
ǰнףʩչƷɻߡǣҪЩʯĻȫڶһļܡ
ǺöҪܰһٸСʯ˶ɵƷףޣԼҲˡи˲ѡ
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Ŀ˵棬ȥһҩһ۾Ϳʲôֻ˲ξȻȥͬһһо𺳲ѡ
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˲ؾԪƺҲоԾת㡣һˣͬһ㶡ƺЩӦ
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˲ʧ֮ϾͷӦҪصס
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˲ζͼ֮еʱȴָոյĺܶҩĶʧˣ㿴һĻеľϲơ
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һ԰ӳҩģоԼĺϹ̫˷ˡƽһֶѰȴһ԰ӡ
һŵصȥЩҩģҪˡԼ˫ټЩҩģĵҩ
Ҳ޷ӵƷҩʱһЩ



603 չҩ
ԭΪ֮ҪץǻѡϾغε˭֪ܵȥǣǣЩҩĳҩ԰ҩ԰ıԵλһǶҩ԰֮С
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ְһ֥ͼ֮ȥЩҡҺЩҩܲ˳ҩ԰ӣҪȻƾ֮еԼҪץǣǺѡ
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㾪ǣЩҩĽͼ֮УͼȻֶ˼治ѡ
ȻͬһЩδɾҩЩҩȻδɾ£ͬʮÿһҩƵƷҩ´࣬ȻɨһգǿģȴŹĴʱ仹Ƿڲץɾҩϡ
㲶ץһٶʮ˿ųɾҩʱ׺һȺˣǽʱüץһҩ
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ٷ͵ĿУ׺ոһֱֱĺ˹еҩץ˹ȥ
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׺տ㣬׼֣ȴֵ׺ճϣ㲻ҳְɣҪǴ򶷵Ļನǻҩ԰״ݻ١㲻ۣһء
һ仰׺ֹסֱֱ֣Ŀ㣬һĳ˵Щҩժ
ʼ磬ʾνԼⶼˣҪ˼ҳԵ
׺ճϣժˡЦӰմһȣʧ˵С
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һ˳ȥ¼Ѱ֮еҩģ׺մһ෴ķȥҲ˷ܲѣܿҪõʦүĵͳˣƿԺĹڣȻһȫµò˵СԺǿ
Ȼ׺лһ뷨ֻҪһܵõǶʱӡ

Ӱ·һЩƣҲоգƿһ·ûеõʲô
ԽԽƫˣѵߴˣһ漴һ򣬾ûֿܡҪȻ׺յ˻׷ˡ
ֹʱ̤һողط͸оطƱɫܿռ䶯һռ֮ڡ
ͬʱռһԵŰռ񱩡
ɱ󣡡
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ĽӰٵܿЩ
ǱܿЩ㲢ûɣΪоĵܵĽԽԽ񱩣ռȥŰĽĿ䣬еҲϵĻ裬סһ
ֻԽԽġÿһŰְԵкüûбܿƣΪǱ
ⲻƽϵģ㺧Ȼǣռ֮żž޽ĽδֹЩͨĽЩͬ޽Ľοֲ
һв϶ԼʩչջҲϼͶԷĽײһȻĥԷĽԺͶԷһȼģԶԶȲ϶Է
ģռ䣬ӰҲҪӳƬ򣬿ŬӲƬ̲סһ䣬⵽һʲô󷨡
оͷ۵ʱԭ񱩵ĽͻȻֹͣŰ鲼ռĽһʧһɶһ㶣ȴ̲סһ˿ԼϵѪۣԼʩչ˼ֹס˲ӿѪҺ
ĸ˲ûг̫ãԭһֱûжľ޴ʱȴһϸСУһϸСг֣˦һָͷСĽ
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󺰣ԼʩչʮջͬʱҲʩչأ׵籬Ľӭȥ
նʱ׵׵Ľ棬񱩵Űռ䣬ľХϯܡǽ׵ȴû˿ĸı䣬ڷĽ֮С
ڶԷܼĽ£Ҳĥ
㷢㣬иӺȻʱʵʩչףʵҪ߽װǣǵס⽣ꡣһʲôطƾ轣ôôǿ
һʩչƷסֻлƷףܰԼסҪȻ类Щ̳ɴ⬡
Ʒףף
һͷʱһ׭۶ɣ׭֣һ׵˷Щ׵缤䵽ͷ޴ʮףһ׵ͬˮкĵסĽꡣ
ȻƷҪǿƷܶ࣬ڻƷ£ڽںˡǣͬоԼڵʮֲֿƷףҲƷʮʵܼ̫õʱ䣡



604 Ľ޺۴ɾ
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ȻͬɡһסЩ꣬⽣ֲ̫ѡɡҲֲס
ģôôǿĽһĿ⿴Զ˦ľ޴ֻ㾪ǣǰľ޴ȻԵɱ֮ȴ
⽣̫ˣԵɱ֮⣬Ȼܾֱ˼顣ɻͬʱͻȻ뵽һֿܣ뵽ֿܣͻȻɴ۾ѵ⽣ȫǽ⣡
㶢޽ԽԽÿܣ㿴۵ĸ⣬˦Ľ⣬濴һ£ո˦ʱ򣬽ֻһ㣬뿪޽֮ȻտռűָС
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㣬һĽСĽһҧҪˣҲ취Ը޽ԼҪ꽣̴ˡ
ҪǰǽĻðաǣҪⲻǽ⡣Ǿֻ·һ
һһĽǰͬʱһ״УĽĨһɫ
ҪǰʵĻܽĽеĽ⡣ǣҪԼʧĻֻĽᱻʵҲĽ½Ȼ⻹ΣҪǣ治ǽûֵĽꡣ
㿴գʱĽѾǵˣҲҡҡ׹׵类ĥĲࡣ
Ʒףأ
һĵٴʩչ䵽֮УҪѵŵס˽ꡣҲᣬָһ㣬ɫĽԶľ޽ȥ

ȻŬĿĽܿ꣬ǽεܼżĽײһĽ˲ܵشһѪҺ³Ⱦµ档
Ҳ˲òѪҺָ㶯Ľܿ꣬ǻʱʱĺͽײһĽ㣬ĿڿѪҺ³
ʱڵҲĳȡ
Ľ޺ۣһĽٶ͵ļۣ˲ܿĽ꣬䵽޽֮ԡ
ھ޽Աߣһҧָһ㣬Ľ뵽޽Уеʱ۾ֻҪ޽ǽ⣬ȫǽ۶ɵģԼֻĽһ·ߡ
Ľ䵽޽֮Уʱоһǿҵų⣬ųȴϲ
޽Ȼǽ⣬ǽĻǾԲֻųô򵥡
ͽͬͬĽײһֻų⡣ͬĽײһȴᶷһ
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ҪǱˣȻô󵨵ľٶȻⲻͬ˲ĽǣôǿĽ⣬µĺĽͬòʧ
ǶԱ˶ԣ˵͸⡣ױĽܱ޽ҪľĽĥ޽⣬ֻҪ⽣ĥ꣬Ǿտԡ
뵽⣬Ľ֮İһ˿Ľ֮Уһ˿ʱ򣬽Ҳų⣬ֻ׵İĽȵڽ֮Уɽų⼷ѹ˿
ȡһ˿Ľ֮УĽȫŽĥȥȻ⽣ҪĽĽǿܶ࣬Ȼֻһƣ㻹Ǹоǿƾһɽ⣬ȻŰĽͬ
оҺװǾ޽Ľⶼ棬ҪȻԼĽòʮϢʱ䣬ͻ᳹ױԷͬˡ
ܵĽ֮еĽֲеĽĥ
Ľ׵£һĽڱĽ֮СĽҲ׳һ֣ͬʱ˼ͰԵ֪Ǿ޽
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ڵϣסϼĽꡣͬʱͼ֮еϵӿ֮Уǿ֧ĵ
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Ľڣ˲оһȵ֮УĹͷ졣ʵʱȻһн׶ĲΡ
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Ŀ֮˶ǽϵһϣһ֣ԾȻֽϣβ񷣬ң¹ӥצҫۡ
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ҲգԼ˵ǣҪЩ֪ôܡһᰲȣʱﵽ֮֮ˡҲǳ顣̾һ
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ӺõϢÿõһ͸оԼ౻ײ뿪צͼ֮зӡʵצôܣʲô飡
Ȼⲻ㾪ģצͼ߽ǱɱͼǸо˼顣ûв´ĻⱱͼӦþԼеһ
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뵽⣬ͻȻһɱŰĶôۡȻŰ鱩Űֻ뵽ԼʵİɱŰѹסԷΣĻ嶼סЩˣ͸ˡ
㿴ĶϼֱֱĶЩ֣ɻ㡣
˵ͷúϸǾĿ㡣ͻĪԨԴҲܿĶʮ֮ĵĻĹ֣Ȼȫǹġ


606 ߽
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ѹֹ֣һ˵˵ıͼô棬ԭԨԴ
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Ҫӵģɱ߻ûʲôġЦеĿ׺ա
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׺ĻͻȻһһڿɳܵ׺ȷʵһùڵӶˣһӾηȻһųɵ
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һƣƻûĸޣޡ࣬㵱ʱʱļֹͣô޵޶ֻ֣һ·ߡ
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㣡ûõģƿҪȻķ飬ϾͻḴԭ׺յżֵ⡣
㲻а˼Σκƾͬ׺˵ϵıɢһ
һδκƵʱ͵ıƻһͷͷޣ˹޼ײУҲΪԵСһСǿĲڰ
Ȼ޶ɲ̫˺֮ܰ顣ȴĥ˵ģЩ޺ٴ۳ֻֻޡ
ڴͬʱ쫷ͷҲϵ㼤ȥ񱩿ֲӦͷ۲ѡ
ģһоʮֳͬʱΪû˿ԵʣܸоڵʧĿֲû䣬һֱսȥԼڵҪĥ

൱ֵʱ׺ֳ󺰵׺ճ󺰣µؿʼ䶯֮һˡЩһ֣˹ȥ
һը𣬶ʱըѵķ顣ɢգ쫷һǵء
˱飬ɻһȺȺðЩ˳ƣУ쫷һ㹥ȥסĹ
ǴĹ಻Ŭˣƣ쫷綼˿ûмϵĹ㡣
𲻾˺͸ƻޣ̲סһ䣬뵽סЩļΪֲЩֲסˡ
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׺յĻǸоľҪ˵Լ鷳ˣȻǣ಻£Ҳֲס
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Ȼ䣬㵹ǲͬ׺ģǣҲǳõ飬ҪԶԶǿɵٶȡ
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ģ⵽ʲô󷨣ôƲˣд뾡˰취ǻƲоѡ
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գѵҪ

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Ÿŵ˶¶֮ɫڳ֪ٵˣڵضһͷڣϳΪƿ֡
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ڵĵ˲еߣڵĵӣȻû׷ɱ
һڵӴܣ˵ǣȵùŵĵӣʱʱ˱ɱڣʧء
Īԣźĵǰȥڵĵϣ㱣ȥڵӣʱҪ棬ȵõͳĶ˵ڵȵ


610 Ƴ
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ǱԷˣ׺кȻһ̲סΪڵӵЩŰѹڹƣЩ׶༪١
׺գĪһ˿ǰˣҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԩ·խȻ˶ԷȻҲ׺ǰĴ󣬶ҿ׺гһǵ̣иоȡ
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ĪĶ㣬뵽ոԼ˳ʱ򣬰ѴƻһЩڵֱҧ֪汻㡣ԻڵС·
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˵꣬ȻĪԣĪԱ־롣


611 ϳ
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ӵڳ֮۵һ޴ѷ죬һƬǽ壬һƬ֮սĳƵġ
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ҸطȻָһʵȻһЩ׭ҩ
ףӼҼ׷ŹģǻһԼ£ͬʱԸͲòСˡʱ֮׷׭ϲҲ㹻ҲܶһԱ֮
ңҲҪ̣Լܲܰ˼ҳĨɾɡϾǰЩįŮӣҸȡ裬ڶһ͸뿪

ڹһɽ壬һ׭ȻûЩʯʯƷסǣƷ׵Ҫƽ׵ѵöࡣһף㻨ʱ䣬֮˶ˣȫȫȡĸɸɾ
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׼ȥʱһȴɫ԰׵ӵ棬һź۵׷ɱ
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ǣȴмһЦҪԸ⣬ҵĵӸҴܼˣҲ

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ϵĻʧޱȡǶõľҪԼѧᣬû¾ȥŮ棬ôҸ顣

λڳ֣ںڵĴս˲ĻˡżźϲҲֲ֪ôˡԣһҲ˳˵ڵõĶЦ档
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ɫ糺죬վһۣ£ſӣС죬ע֮Уס
Ҳ֪˶ã̧ͷָԼЩ׵ͣߺ죬һ۵˵ֻһ㡣



613 뿪
ڹڴ˼죬˻ʱûһЩ׭ȻҲĲ졣ȻһЩӲĪԣֻڵƣֻ
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ȻȹȶҲ׼λ֮˶ȥ򣬰Ҳˡ
㲻ûλ֮˴ߣȴϾܾ˵Ҫǿߣ˲ԣвûоѪУߵ̫Զ
ȻԺ֮ⷬԱǣǺϾ飬Ҳı䲻ˡ
ѾģʹʲôԵģڣȫǽڡ㿴˼Ҿ̫ӵȵȣǴһѴҲֹ͡Ѻϱǧ顣
ǣ϶ıĵ֪еڵסһһ֮䣬ϵӵľ⡣ͬģһһ֮䣬Ҳ׳˼֡
Ҫ𣿡ҡҷǰ͹µżԹĿתĿ㡣
㿴޵Ůˣ˵ͷ˵һһЩҪԱ뿪
Ŷɫ䣬Ȼ֪ᵽһ졣һˣоʧ䡣
һġ˵
̵۾ŻָһЩ󣬿ĵͷҵ㣡
ЦЦ׼˵ʲôȴȡһŵͼ˵һƷףֻʱƷ׻СԾδȡڵĵͼ͸ɡ
Ʒף㾪ȣ˵
ţŵͼֻķ֮һǺһֵġԻƵĵͼֳķݺһҵط̶˵
ͷݵͼսָ֮СƷֻʥƷ֮£ͬŹ֮ҪĻʵһֲ˼ĵزȻҲֻ룬ʱǿȣһȥƷס
ֻܿϧǣͼֻķ֮һҪҵ֣Ǻѡ
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ֻ̺ǾȵǣΪʲô֮ڻôĻֱǷ˼
ıӰʧУ̾Щ㱡

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Сӣ׼ȥ˵
кȥź˵
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ȥҲĻشջƨáֻǸԼһѡǣĺÿҪԼɵܹȥ¾ҪԷɱˡ
治ȥ˵
治ȥ˵
ҲգȥͲȥʵ治ȥϺ˵ǾʹȥһһĵطΣϵߣﵽ߽ףӦÿܵġ
ĵط۾һĺȥȻԸ
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׼ϺϣȴϽĽָ֮УһҲ˵ĸߣ
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̫ˣ߷߲ƽĵѾʼƽϣҪҪʦˡ
ε㣬ֻһ·ǰȥ㾪ȵǣǰ·ûһ˿ۣȫһֱߣо档


614 Ҫսս
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ֱ·һֱǰʱһŭ͵㶨ȻȥֱӼҼվĶ棬ŭһϼһﻹ겻ɢȻԼôãⶼҵ
㿴˿ܣͬ鲢ŴһһԼԣҪĻǾֻһ·ˡ
ҵĺࡣӼҼ㣬ŭĺȵ
ЩûѾֲŮˣ˵ĻǴĶ
ӼҼշѹֲƳ𵴵Ť
գӼҼһֱ˦һܵĿռ䶯ͬһ㼷ѹȥҪУ׸
ӼҼһ־ɱУ֪˺ԼǡҪǲܰѶԷɱˣԼ鷳ϡ뵽⣬ҲɱġĶӼҼҪսǾս
ӼҼЦȻҪս治Լ޲ɣ
ܵĿռͬˮһ䶯ȥڿռ䶯£ܵĿռͬƵġҪС
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ЦƾƿؿռκңҶɿռءĵĿŶԷЦ
һ仰ӼҼʮֲмĿһۣҪɿռ䣬ǾǺ֮ˡʱҲͲԼԸˣɱԼˡ
ӼҼĲм֮Уָ㶯ڵ㶯֮䡣ܵĿռ仺ıɽڣԭͬͭǽڵĿռ˲ƿһӣӳֵ˲䣬Ӱ˲伤䵽ӼҼĿռ֮⡣
ܣӼҼɴ۾Ķ㣬ǲţôɿռ䡣
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˭Է׷ɱôԶĵ׶ܡͬ鲻ڣɱҲҪһ
ӼҼ㣬Ȼɿռ䣬ȴҲﵽ졣ԣгһѳǹǹ棬ջһĽǶȣɨȥʱռǹӰĴ䣬׶㼤ȥ㳹װΧλá
ǹӰɫÿһǹӰ֮ռ䶼Ϊ·һڿռϯͬˮмˮ
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һҪӼҼĶ㣬žġ
㿴Цɱң
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һһԲ¾¶֮ɫеʹ£֮Ͻ磬ʮɵӭȥ
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ӼҼĶ㣬оСһֲһͬ飬Լ˵ˣؾ·ܵȵȴȥĵطѰˡҪڣʰҲͲô鷳ˡ
ӼҼһ֪ǰ겻ԳôͲöԸһ׶Ըˡ
ȻˣǾͶöԸ޵ʵԸɡ
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ӼҼǹ֮ӿĻԽԽ࣬նõ廨һĻ䡣仨Ʈ֮䣬Ļһһ㣬ܿռ䣬ռһԵޱȵѹ֡
㿴һĻҲԷʵҪǿԼ١ԼѾǼޣʱԷƷĴУԼûĵֵ

ӼҼ֮£֮ϵĻ䣬һм۶ȥһ޴Ļ䣬֮ռΪ֮𵴡ܵĿֱֱ³
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վҪ㣡
ҪʩչңαܿȴֶԷϢͰѹ£ٶȾȻԱܿЩ䣬һ䡣ܲ㣬ֻҧڵʵһ
ˮ޺ۣԭݼţ
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ӼҼ֮󣬲мЦһ汬ȷʵֲҪԿԼȴ롣
ǰԶ޷սʤޣǴ½ϵӼҼߵ


615 ˭
޵ϣսģ
ӼҼֺĻһһҪսأ
ǾӼҼǹٴɨһһǹٴμ뵽õ廨֮УٴαǼ֡ӼҼŭȣǹһƣõ廨룬ɢź⣬һҲ͵ץƵģѹ
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ӼҼĺ£һб
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ӼҼӰðͫҲ͵һǺܿͷҪʵǿϼ֡Ӱ治ֵܵǣʵĴӲ˼־衣ܵ
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ӼҼȵһ£걬ʩչļǾײһ㱬ļǾͨİ嶼һܿ⡣ǣ޵Ĵ£ȴֶܼãײ֮£ʼķ飬󱬻ɾ֮С
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뿪ûжãһӰ߼Ӱһ֣ͿӼҼʬɫһ䡣Ͻǰ鿴һ£Ϊ޵ӼҼȻһ˿궼û¡
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ԷĺСıӼҼʬԼĺѣԼһСԼһﵽޣҲǵõ˶Էĺôʵʹ͸ĶԼԼдǴʱȴ˱Уò
Ȼ֪һԹޣѾ˵壬һδʼˡ


616 Ȯ
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µĵȮȻû뵽һĻӦǣӴܺСǻᣬĽ˲ǸɱϰȮȻϢʱ䶼ûͱ㳹׵ɱ
Ͽ˿ͽսҲȲѣĽˣ
ҲѹֺϾȣʹĽûдɡȻԼûаѾϣʲô磬ûžĽϣһͨͨˣĽδɣŵõ֮ãʹˣ
ûиϽͣʼһֻֻȮѪҺľѪ뵽ƿ֮СҲоˣȮľѪʮ־Ũ񣬶һм䴿ĵ֮һö
ЩȮ˲ʱ䣬ҲȮնɱ
еĵȮɾѪ֮󣬺˵ôȮʧҪǾעĻǻ֣ᷢǵʱ䲻ࡣٶҪӿһЩҴȥǸط
ϣǲҪĶźϣźΪﵽ塣ҪǽĻҪðôա


617 ĵ
ɽ֮УҲŲޡⶼУһ·ɱȥ;Ҳˡƾٶȣ׵ıܿǡ
һ·оգںϵĴ·¡ڵһطһ֮ѾʮֵŨˣɹӿ͸Уоɭɭǰ棬ǰ׹𩣬׶ѻɽͬĹһǰ
Ĺ֮УһɹǿҵתϢ֮УǺǰѻɽİ׹ǣзë
ȡʮͷȮľѪ϶˵
ȡʮƿϵѪƿںϵĿ£Ѫ׭׭֣Ĺӿ˹ɹɺ̣̻ڷ׭֮ϣԭɺѪҺ˲ĺڰҫۡ

ںϵĻ£׭ڷĹ֮ϡԭѩİ׹ǣͻȻͬȾīһļ¡Ĺ֮УҲһڹ⣬ڹֱֱ쵽Ľ£һͨǰ
㣡Ͼݣ
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ϣʲôط㲽Ĺ֮УǹɭɭĸоΪŨҲаĵ֮Ũ̹ͬʱоΪĵǣҲŹɹɵʬζ
ˣĵطϵĴһСĵ㣬طթʬ
ϣ㲻ĵ˼ҵķĹǶӾ顣󺰵
ϵ˵һǲˣ
Դǵ˵ȻΪֱС˷Ĺ飬ôȥ
ʥأ
ʲôʥĵһҾðɣ˷ĹȷʵǲġҲʥɳʥĶôܱᡣĴǴǰҪѭ壬Ҫʥó
û˵Ƕ˵ȻĽأ˻㶯ҲСһ㣬ȵһ򶷣ºһЩķʽֳ̫졣
ͷźûжáȻͬ˵һ߾߸ʬ˹㲻СӣЩʬгƬɢĹ֮С
ֻһƬƬĸɢĶζ˱ӿθҺڣЩû³
һ·֮ϵĸʬü֮࣬һ·߹ɱ¾һ·Ͷ֮䣬øʬǰóһ·
ϼĳ֣ҲԵͷĹڳ죬ϣѾŴҷ緶ϸоʮοʶʱɬĿһ·ҲߵһڣѾˣͶ֮䣬һ֮緶ԺԼߣҲ̫
꣬Ѿˣ
Ŵ˾ĵУ壬ʼ壬ܴﵽ塣ٽһܴﵽޣﵽΣ֮лԺˡ㵽壬Ҳһ
һ·ɱıʬʬ綾סʩչ׭ȫǿʼסЩʬĸʴľѡʲôطƾʬ֮µֹ
ʩչĵסЩʬĸʴ˾Ϳ֪ˡͷ۲ѵʱ򣬺ȴһ׭׭һЩʬ߷ֿΪ㿪һ·
ߣ
ںϵĺȳ֮УһӰʧǵصʬ֮СҲ֪˶ԶԭʬζʧһºϢǰȻǴдľֻ㾪ȵǣЩľҶӲͬƽľǵҶɫģɫŨ
ľǾľ׭ĻһЩòϡЩľͨľķ׭Ҳֻ֮ܳҪòϵĻҪĵԱߣӦǧб¾ŻȥǴƸ
ͷȴûϵĻǰɹ֮ϴˢ
һ㶣ŷӦո㻹Ǳʬˡ湻ǿһֱڲſʼϾһԣȴʬľ˻ˣҪҲ׵ģϾЩʬ˭ܳܡ
ԼʩչһֱֱĿ㡣궮õĶĳԤϡң֪Էôѧġ

һ£ʬӿռʬ£ȾڣͬʱӴʬĶʴĸɸɾ
ϴ棬һ֮;ҲһЩޣЩȫɵ֮ģ߳һʵֲÿһͷﵽ
ĽɣЩ޻൱鷳ЩޣȴǸ龧ѾЩϵĲϡ
ȻҲһЩǿޡ֮һκϻ޵ʱնɱ
ڲ֪նɱɵ֮ޱնɱ֮ͺһڵĳԡڳԣܵḷ̌ҶӿҪɺɫˡȴͬȪһˮ
Ȼⲻģ㾪ǣˮȫɵ֮۶ɣˮ֮㼴ʹվڳӰߣܸоͶаϢ
ͬī֭һһƬҶ֮УƬҶ˲䱻֮ʴ˲ʧ
㵹һ֪֮ôŨ
Ǿĵصһ֧ǴӾľĵ֮ĳˮȻȲľĵأǴȴ㹻ˣ
ľĵأͣ
ȻľĵأÿһγˮģʥƷˮҪдʹһͨˣҲпһ죬ڤ֮壬ƾޡȻǰҪܳܵסĵˮĳˮ壬ܳҲûмȻӵȴֻϡͣȻõ֮д˵ľĵˮ̺֮ûһζɽѺ֮
ô˵㶵Ŀǰľĵء
ˮϡ˶ٱʵ
൱ɣףط׭壬ӦܳĴã֮ˮһĵĸ߶ȡ˵
ʲô˵ʥʲôźϡ
˵Իȥȡǽľĵˮ
ţɻĿźϣոջ˵ﲻľĵˮΪʲô˵Ҫľĵˮ
ûлش㣬Ǵߴ׻ס壬תɾĵˮڴ壡


618 
źûռʧĿҲתǰĳ֮СĹĳˮɢļµϢһͷһҪеһжɵƵġ
ٴζһ֦֦˲仯ΪĩʧһҲЩ̥ܳ
ϣһѣɱʧ󰡣ֹһҧ׸ȫҲڷתڿնһų˽ȥ
ûе㣬˲͸оһɹɾ޴ѹѹȥĵˮǧƵģԼԼѹһɽѹ¡
ĪļѹҪѹ飬ȫ׵ס
ͬʱеааͬƵģɭϢ鲼壬ͬʱһɹĺڵӿ֮Уˮһ㣬֡
ʱǧĥһӿûǺϵĻеӡѵĽСڵ֮䣬ӿڵĺҲգû뵤֮С
ĺû뵤֮о˶ҪᣬɭϢ鲼꣬ӿ˺ļƤ
ֻĺ֮󣬵ʼĵˮȻǿǵҲǻڵ£ӿҲһɹ뵤֮Уһɹʵ֮С
֮У͸оԼǧͷڴƵģϵıƵġͬʱļ֮ϣһķģЩĹӷͬʱļµĺɫâЩɫâ֣ĵˮǲϵ֮УͻȻĺޱȡ
һɹɾĵˮӿ壬ܸоԼԽԽءĿһɽ޷̧Լֽš
һĻЩңǴʱȴˣһĵˮʽУһɹûϵķԽԽĺڹҲԽԽ
ɹ֮д壬֮֮вðճ֮Ȼ󱻳ˮһ壬ֳĸɸɾ
ܸоǿԵӡӵͬʱҲϸֵķԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
ط׭
ЩһʱкȻ㶵Ŀӿֵķ׭Щ׭·ܹᴩһ㣬֮͸Щ׭ܸоϡ
ָо˲ԼϳֵǺַ׭ķ׭֮
ط׭壬ͻȻоЩѣˣǲֲ̫ˣ
ûط׭壬һ㶼Ǵﵽ֮ǿ߲ܡԼʱǰʱϹճط׭˵ȥûš
ϸϸĲ̽һϵķģֵط׭ֻһֽ㵹ǲ⡣ط׭Խ࣬Խǿ˵ϹŴ壬Ҫʮǧط׭ܴɹߵĴ壬һ㶼Ҫʮŵܴ
ЩˣԶʲôʵʱһǾʹԼ߳ϹĵһԺԼˣط׭ˡ
ƽˣҪ߳һһҪﵽܲ߳ʱȴԼʹӵͬȵ𲽵㣬޷ġͬԼҲǿһ޷ĵز
ʱܸоЩĵˮĴ£ľޱȣְһǧ
ĵˮɲӿ֮Уһط׭һĵˮӿ£Բܱߣʼŵڶط׭
˼һ½һط׭ܱоһȭһɽ塣ڵڶط׭оŷ츲صı仯ʱ򵥵ƾһò⡣
ط׭˿ֲǴƾɨ֮£룬ǿֵزǾʮŵһ۳ǿֵز
ȴ֪ʮŵǴߴһĴߣʮ˵ͲˡЩһǵõıķһҪط׭ֻط׭ǿĶѡ
ԣʱǿȣһЩôߣҪǿ֡
ھĵˮĴ£Ͽʼĳֵ׭һְг壬ʱһŹŹֶĹһȫڣͬ޺һ㡣
ĵˮɲϵĳͬ˵Ȼʹࡣȴвһˮ£ط׭ʼϺڹͬͿһᣬʮֵĽ׳壬ʱͬĸһ㡣
ܻھĵˮ֮Уܸоĵ֮Ŀֲ޴йÿֱȭͷҰˡ
ķĵˮѾϵĳ֮СоȵǣҲеֻɵ١
ͬģҲһɹɾĵˮϢʼ
Ҳ֪˶ãֻ֪Ѿûʹˣһϰɭ֮У쳣泩ĵˮѾڲϵĴ
ǣĵط׭ҪеѵöࡣٶľĵˮҲûгֵĵط׭
ˣЩϡ͵ľĵˮǴˡѾǼˣ
ط׭Խ֮Խѳ֣ͬԽ֮Ҫճط׭ԽӣǿҲԽ󣬲ôöġ
뵽ɵϹҪʮǧط׭̲סզ࣬뵽ǸΣط׭Ҫε׭źεһ֣ضҪΪ֮ɫɡ
㲻뵽Լָеһ߻ʬ֪ûдﵽϹĵز
һ֪޷ĵط׭ҲûǿʼŴļǿʼʵ
ֻĵˮЧˡʵѷɫˣٶԶԶȲϴ
㲢֪ĵˮǴʥϴ跥֮ܡڴ֮ܿļ١Ҫϡ͵ľĵˮҲܳĴ
ʱһĹȥ֮ĴЧȲ֮ǰҲ֪ʱѾˡʱʵҲѾͻнף˸߽ףŶ⡣
Դʱ̶岢̫ѡԣһתֱ嶥ȥ


619 ڤ
ǿʵʵڹĵ㾫棬Ҫǹھڣ㶼Ҫ̲סһйˡ
оĵˮЧ΢ʱҲ˴ͼеľĵˮⶫǺöȻÿ˶ܳĴȫϡͣ˴壬ҲŴЧ
ĵˮɹɳͼ֮Уͼһʼ۳һСء
ȡĵˮʱ򣬺ȴҲͬľٶֻϳȡľĵˮԶԶܱģϳȡÿһξĵˮ֮𶯣ɢϢļ²ѣ̺еȻĵˮҪĹͷҪѹɡ
ȴȡεεľĵˮεεľĵˮǴֱӵģ·ſռͨ䴫ݹ
ȡһָ֮ͻȻһ㣬žĵ뱬һͬʱһڵӺ״
㿴ڵɢĹ⣬һڻ֮ȼգ·ӡһ㡣ʮֵ͹Ź֣ȻûɢʲôϢͬȾѪĺڣ̲סĿ
˵ʥҷôȥˡѾָˡ˵֮䣬һĺڵûĶͷ֮УϵĶͷ˲һĺڵӡǣڶͷһĵĹɢʮֵ졣
ʱ˵Ϊ֮һ䣬ǰֻһ˵Ļʱȴһ֮ɫ
䡭
㿴źϵʱһŭ֮͵ı£ԭľĵ֮Уһɫľд˳
ڤ
ϿεľҲ΢΢һ㶡û뵽оȻһȻĴڡڤʵҲдܼ𡣶ǰȻֻܼ
ҵĺ뵽㣬ǰΣϵ˼֡ĵˮͺԶԶƽľڤܱġ
ϣ
㶢ˮͰҪִľ޴ߣкȻ̲ס˺һ
ڳзת֮䣬Ȼóˮ嵴֮ߣ˻գ͵죬޴ͷͭĴ۾ӿϢǣΪ֮𵴡
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Ҳ֪һѶԸһһߡ
Ҳûں㣬ھĵзڲϢˮգ¡¡ľ졣Ϣɨܵľɳʯݻ٣ɹ쫷磬쫷ɨѷԲǧڵһжݻ١
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ҵǣûаϡֻչԼӣҪȻԶԷʵԼӲˡ
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Ĥľ죬̲סһ˴ĶŹ֣
ˣҲܲ漤ȥھĲȷǰڤĺ£һжӲ¡
ͬոܳĹͼӿǵĽذΧȡ
ЩȸϹĴУܳһ꣬겢еʱһ㵵ͬʱҲ¶ŭɫУְѹ
˵ز̤㡣Ȼ֪ôܿȮģǸҴ壬Ǿֻ·һ
㿴֮ж׼ְɱҲż־塣⼸λʵÿһޣǿ춼ﵽЩ߶֣ﵲס
׼ϵʱһߺͻȻĹϵ۰׹ǱƷɡһϰ׵ľ޴ߴбƬڣɢϢ캳
ڤ
м׼ֵĴпʱһдŲ֮ɫڤǾĳˣֻоЩ
ǣھȻðһƷͣѵڤǰģ
üһۣСûиоѪ֮ӦòǾˣΪʲôֻоĲľڤ
Ǻܿ죬ڤ͸Ǵ𰸣ڤβɨ˹ȥЩкȻӰϽܿڤһΪܵβֱֱɨϣ˲Ѫɳȥͬ߷ݡ
ԭ׼Χǿƣһ˲ֹסĽŲɴ۾Ŀžһβ;ͰΪ޵ǿ߸ȥ
ܿߣҲͬܿĹ꣬ˡ
ģôֵģһŭһǰľҫβͺɨأܵİ׹ǻı鲼ա
죡ȥŴܣڤÿһĶд֮ܶԿģһж˺
ǣм˲伤ߣǰȥеĴܶԿڤ
ڤǾĳﲻȴֻ˵ġʱȻѱǸƲˡ
ڤβͺɨ˷ɨȥһЩֱܵӺɱ
Լڲеӱɱһкһ֣ǣڴǰԸ
ǣһǿӰԶԶžʩչֶιžע
һǿߵ㣬ҲᣬӰҪӴܣ
ǣԷһ⵽һĻžĵӺȵס
ǣЩӲȥǾڤǶȴûй˼ɣ˹
̲סһȴòӭȥ
㱻еסЩڲֽŵǿһĿٴηŵڤϣоͬʱ̲ס˷ҪܱոĻҲʵǡ
Ȼֻһԭ򡣻һԭǣӵоڤǾĺġ˵Ҳܳһ
뵽⣬һǿ߸ʩչžǣЩȴ潻棬ֻҪһ㹥ǵ˼ǾȾܡ
ЦҲдܼҪǱĻֻ·һǿɲɵȥƴ
ȴĵӰΧЩӶʩչ󷨣һɹɵ֮С
ҪȻҴɱ䣡
ߣһֵĻΪмĺһԼʲôط˰ɣܴɱ䣿Ҵɱ


620 ħ
ĵӹɹӿ㸲Ƕ£ܡ
ߣԷٶһĽʮЩӡ
Ľ޺ۼֵܵģһڵҽеĻᶼûУͱݻĵڵϡոΧĴ˲ѡ
Ҳᣬ漤ȥ
žڤļλмϢʱ䣬ͰѾӲɱɾȵͬʱ̲סŭǾǺεȴڣڴ½ҲպһƬ˸ǡǣȴ۸ˡңһëûгꡣ
ŵһصľӣΪ׵һλкȵˣҪң
ǣһǣƾڤ߼Ӵܵķ򼲳۶ȥͬʱҲȻ֪ͨڵˡ
ߵļãӾӿĵӣʼ㣬һ㣬Ҫס·ߡ
ǰľˣŭһɨЩˡ
ߣ
ŭȣһϼͬʱԽԽľӿŲƾˣռ䡣
㿴һĻаżȻﲢǾĺģǱϾҲ壬еǿ߲֪˲ϳ֣ɱġ
˭ңҾɱ˭ɫƱӿɨȥҪѾɱ
ߣʵҲھҰŭ֮£弸߼סƣײײನϯɹ쫷硣
ǰĶ㺰Ҿ壬Ǿ°ɣ
㶢ż˺ȵ
ôĿҾţģҵȻƳɿܣÿܾ֮յġһŭ
ĿעŵǰļˣǿҲ׷һĽ޺ۼ˭վǰҾɱ˭
弸ǿЦ㵱Լھ¿ԣ
ǣǻûкȳ⣬Ͼӿ˾֮ɫɫŤɫҰףڲ֮Уĵգݺݵڵϡ
ȻһжûеסڷõµΪ֮ȻһƬȻ
ɱЩ¶֣Ķ㣬ЩĿɨ֮УϽ˺
Ӱͬʱһովλãһ˲飬һ޴ѷ졣
ٶȿɹģǿŭһǰĵӺס
ЩٴЦǱҴɱģ
˵꣬Ľ޺ۼĽ޺ͬ磬ÿһ˲ݻٵǰľˡϢĽͬһ㣬ᴩһˡ
Щ˶ôǿĽһǾֻһ·ߡ
ʱͬħһ㣬ÿһҪ
˵ʮɱһˣʱ㣬ȴѾĽ£еһж߽⣬ͬɱһ㣬ɱһˡ
һ·µһ·ʬЩҪסĲȴûеסһ˿һ
һ˵ɱҲþľһȫմȾѪҺ߳ħһ꣬Ǿ֣ĿɨǣһϽˣΪÿ·
׷ǿߣƾһ֮ѹˣŭѣرǿɱһƬƬˣǱŭѡ
ǺεȴڣȥϹʱڵĻ壬˭ܵǾɱ䣡ǣǰΪëûг꣬ȴһɱոž˵
ҪǴȥǾ廹ȥ
׷ǿɫ࣬ͷӿٶٴһᡣһΣûн˵ˣŷǷֶΣЩȥֻѡ
ٴη죬ûӰٵҪӴܣһ·ʱɫȻ䡣ϵȭ֮ϣֱֱĺһ
ǸһӰȾڿռĵ֮һȭͷֱֱĶһ㱻ʮ֮Զֱ۲
ΪԷ׷ǿ˲׷㣬һǰһ󣬰Χ롣
ޣ濴ң˦˦ֱۣЦ
ǿߣŵϱɱľˣҲҪ棬ҧгݵ˵
ò˵ġ㿴ˣĿ⿴ǰȴǰһðź⡣ΪЩߵϢУֲȱޡ
ʵûдҪսôǿȴǲܣ
ҪҪæһϢֲ߼䵽ǰǰ
дܣʩչѹڤ㹻ˡոպһƣʵδﵽ֮ǿ߶ŶԷ˵
Է˵ͷҲͣžڤķȥ˵ҪոǴ弫
㲢ûǰΧ㰵һвɸлڤҪЩ¾ҪԸˡȻҪûƾԼҲܳôǿߡ
ϣְնɱɣ㰵Դϡ
УҪǳ֣ǶȻᾪϹµʱЩϹҲĿתƵϡòʧϻش
ô˵΢΢һ֮ҲӦ˵ʱЩ֮ϵ߲ԸǶмһˣҪԼǾʵЩ϶ɱǾԲɱԼ˵˻ţ
뵽㣬аԼƽ뵽Լͻ˵İΧӳȥᱻǿ׷ɱ͸оͷ۲ѡ
ڤҪһ㣬Щǿ߶ɱ
Ҳףⲻ롣˵ǿƣƾһոڤֶΣͲþڤֵúô
˵ѹ㰵Եֵйһ£Լʱʵһԡսȴѹ
ܽҾأһҪ˴·ҪȻ󷨣ᾪ֮ˡ֮ǰΪһˡɷ֮˭һǿ߶ʵⲻòˡʵǺǿȴܽǵĽءرǽ֮ҪͨʬＴʹðգͨģ
£
仰ЩûѪԼнأȻ˵£
ס㣬ĥ㲻˵ҵҪ˭ҪǾԡһǿĶ㡣



621 ɱ
䡭
Զһ¡촫أվնܸоռ𶯡֪һڤ;ǿڽ档
Էǿ߶ڤǣסһϲǴʱϾ˼ԼȰˣ
뵽ţһȭԷһǿߣ뾪ףѿռ䣬硣

㹥ŭȣֱ˦ռ֮䶯ȥܵĿռ˲ְͬһӲĹ
ûдﵽޣսռƿأߵ
Ҳ˵ռ䱻ɣɶĿռ֮Ҳӿ뵽ȭͷ֮ϣĺְͬһĿռϣһȭ֮£ռѣҲƿصĿռ߳Ķˡ
Ҳˣ
˼ȻƿǵĿռƿأоͬʱҲ߿һ㡣ûдﵽ֮ȫܿΪʲôûдﵽޣô׾ƿռƿأ
һ֣Ȱɱˣȥոڤһ˵ڷɶȥһ˹ȥһޣҲɢźֱҪ
ӰһܿΪȭϯֱһ޾ƶȥ
䡭
ײ䣬ռ䱬죬һȭ֮£Ҳÿһβȶ̤Ŀռ𵴡ͬԷҲûֵôͬĵɳȥ
ԷվֱֱĶǰ꣬¶֮ɫԷȻﵽ˺ĵزоĵ꾳ûдﵽޣʲôֳܱʵ
˦ŷֱۣԷͬ麰СһЩСЩ֣֮¡
ô˵ͬҲֻƿصĿռ֮ɱûãﵽ˺ͬȼûдﵽޣǣ¶ľѹƵģ
ϸϸĲ̽һ㣬㲢ûѹռϢɢĻδﵽޡ
棬춼Ҫ
ǿŭָ꣬㶯ռ¡¡ıı̧һɽɽ̩ɽһѹ˹ȥ
ӿѹµɽһҲϽ뿪ԶԶ㣬ĿƵĿƶɽľǿߣдż
ԭΪһɽѹ£˶ܿ˾ȵǣȻܣֱֱȭͷ˹ȥ
Ҫƾ已̥䴩ɽ𣿡
ھ˵ľ֮Уȭͷֱֱĺɽ֮Уûɽ֮Сûɽ֮Уǿߴϲƺݺݵɽ£ĳľ޴ѹɽϣɽڵϣΪ֮𶯵£ԭƽ̹ĵ棬ƿնһɽ
ҲɽѹУ
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߰ɽѻһ𣬼ӴͬʱǵһĻɽϣɽĳһĹƵġ
㣡Ҳĸ޶Ĺһľ޴Ĺһ˵
˿޴ɽһҲһħһӣ߰ɽ£϶ܲʱûͷҲһҶϣ˹ͷɽᣬл·
˰һͬʱһͻȻһ죬һӰбӰ·Ѿã¶ļϣŵĲơ
Ӱһ֣ŵһֲ׵磬ʮ׵һǿ߶ȥ
䡭
׵˺ѿռ䣬֮˲͵˾޵ߡԭΪԷҲܲɽһ뵽ͻ׵磬ִֻܲٵǰȥֵ
ǣʩչĻƷأ׵ִֵ֮֮ܵġ׵ԭͶԵ֮ѹƣ׵ڶԷϣԷҽһ˷˳ȥ׷ףһ·֮ײľ
ͻһĻþ˻δӦ㶵Ŀȫĺڷİ㣬ԭء
һȴɫ䣬̲סһط׭壿
кȻδﵽܵˣȴط׭ˣѽĳΡôܣ첻һﵽܲܿʼ
Ʒɳһ󶴵ɽðź⡣ʹ߰ɽ£ҲҪܲסǣȴסˡ㣬ԷȣΣһط׭壬ɽѹ𲻵̫á
ģŭһеɨ׼֣ȴԼһ˶ԷĲӰϣѾ䵽һгһ綾ߣֱոձش޺
쵰ס֣޴ŭȣСӾȻҪɱޡ
㲢ûĺֹסŲ̲סžӺס
ŷӦȡ
ŭһĽĽ޺ۣȴͬһ׵ľͰЩ˸ɱԭٱܵˣ˲䵹ڵϣ˼Զľ룬ˤѪģϢ
ûסһϢʱ䣬ңοѸ磬ھ޾ֵĿ֮Уĺ֮Уֱһת£ĺ˲飬ѪҺ
ͬʱһ޵ĹҲֲһУĵ쫷Űܡ
ӰӰӣܿһվһƬʼݡ
ᴩľǿߣҲ֮ɢ㿴ŶԷɢ¶꣬Ҫһٰݻ١ǶԷֻܷͬݻٶԷꡣӰ漤ߡ
ҪӣΣԷŭȣٴ׷
ҪҪӣסңһŵǰľ˺ɨȥ˲ѾɨҵءΪɨһ·ͬʱĽҲ֮ʬҰҽ֮ڶմһӰӣԶߡ
ȥԪϣ
׷ޱŭҲԷٶȳԤϣȻ˾롣ʱҲףԼʵҪնɱǲˡ
ԣϾ뵽ǿ߹ҪɱһЩˡȻŭȴܡǣʲô۾ĺĳԱֱϵѪˡԷҲɱǾĺ;岻ˡ岻ֻҪɱ꣬ҲҪʰô꣬Ǹܵ裿



622 ֮ɱ
˸ס㣬ֻĿһصʬ֮˲ϵԶȥͬʱλҲ׷ȥ
˿ŵһƬʬ̲סһǹô꣬۸ͷϣǣոնԷһ·ҵ߶ƣһĬ
˸̾ͬʱԶˡ⼸˳֣¶˼ϲ
쾳Ԫϳˣڽӣ
ȣ֮ԪӦóˣеԪҲڱɱ
˭뵽ëûгʵԭΪһ޾ԸɵˡڴҶѹոڤǱߵԪ϶ˡ
ߣҪûڤˡ
ϣԪܺոڤոմǱߴϢڤѾһֻ̤ˡ
ôǿǿҲǴܾ硣ֻ̤ˣеĳѹո𣿡
֪а֮ϵˣϹȥʩչֶΰѹˡȣҺþڤеĳޣҪȻƾʵд󺦡

һ·䣬ԶӴܶȥ;һЩޣֻĽ޺£ûиԼʲô鷳㲻ЩңҺɱԼ֮µĽҪȻҪֱ롣
һ·ۣԶ˾ĺĵ򡣿㲢ûз飬ǾԲŹġɱޣ϶иǿԸ
뵽㣬㼤ٶȸǼӿ˼֮֡䣬һӰӴ
Ҳ֪˶ã㽥Զ塣㻹δüһһŭȾ͵𣺡ܵĵͦģϷҪˣ
㻹δӦֱ˲ΧǿߣЩǿĶ㣬·غһѹ
֮ĵ׺Ȼĵ̹ǲġ׷ɱԼôһˣ֮ܳ
֮ʲôڣ˵УѾǶĴˣˣƽ̲סĤݣͰΧԼһˡ
λǰǿ£
ǿ㣡Ϊ˲⣬ǲԽݡһ֮˵ǶĲϣֻȴɱ޷źţǾ̲ס׷ɱ
ǣҲ㶢˵
ɲ㣡˺ߵץ˹ȥһץ֮£ضΪ·Ƶģ磬ֱֱץĿڡ
վ·𱻾ƵģһڶԷдŲмҪĸץʱ򣬽Ӵؿڵ֣ȻıըѪմһԷҲҽһѪɳȥ
ܣˣ
Էҽеͬʱͬʱ˺ȵĺĸǿҲӦ٣˷ȥȴž֮ɫз˾ξˣǴܣôܣ
ǣոһĻȴǲòţһ֣֮ȻԷըˡ
һɣ
ĸ䣬ͬʱϵҲǰһֲշξˣһӴܵĺȥ
͡
ϣҽһѪ˳ȥֱֱڵϣѪҺĺȾͨ졣ڵϾȻ
ں׼ֶԸǿߵʱȴǿѾʧС
ܵĵǺܿ죬ҲǺҪȻ
˵꣬ϵϯ֮͵£˵ҲǵùھҲó֣ǾȻ׷
֪ʱðˣ¶֡źŭȵ˭֪֪˶ԸҾ壬岻Źǵġ
вϷ򣡡Ϻһ껯ƣݺݵĳڶԷϣѶԷ
ʲôȱѣϷҪǳ˵״ɱǾ壬Ҳ˵ʲôϺһ
ϵĻ˶ݺݵĶźϣϼһôĿҪǸΪʲôҪӵŸҶ֣
ϣɱǾǣǷϻ𣿡ż˵֮ûɱǣǶԷ϶ǿԸǡǻǳܰɡ
üҲס֮ûܶԸ㣬Է϶ưոݡʱ׷ɱ鷳
뵽⣬󵶶ˡ
ס֣ס֣ԪϼһĻȻѣҪȴˣ㲻ɱǣɱǣ嶼ŹǣܵĺǶ׷ɱǡ
ЦѵھͲ׷ɱ𣿡Ц
ҪɱǵĻû˵꣬ϵĴ󵶾£ͷ
˵걻ϸ֮Уź˵ϣĸӣ
ҡҡͷԷܶԸĻٶٿҲûãӲǵ׷ɱ
ϵĻ΢΢һô죿
Ͽһ㣬ͻȻ˵˺ѿռ䣬ڿռдУڸϢӳܵ׷ɱ
㿪ʲôЦҪ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռ֮дУǾѾǴˣǰʵһõ𣿡ź˵
Ȼ֪㲻Уѵһ𣿡ϲ˵
У۾һǺܿͻɵֻǺû⡭
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û⣡ϺʵסЩǺѡ
ϵ˵ͷ˫͵Ķһ˺һ˺֮䣬ռһѷ졣ѷ֣϶ȵǴʱ
ͷӰһûռѷ֮СʱҲûĽָ֮Уʧڿռѷ죬ʧ֮ռѷҲ£ռָƽ
ڿռָƽûãոԶݵԪϣʱٴγŵϵʬ壬̲סͬʱȭͷţŹͷ֮
ɱˣޣ졣𲻹졣
ʬȥȻȥոڤȻᣬ塣ҹ岻Ǻ۸ģԷǴܣҲҪѪծѪ
ԣӵĺǣҲҪ

֮Уʬ壬ž巵ءǲǸ˵Ķֻ֣кֳˡ
Ȼ㲢֪Է˱ɱʱں˺Ŀռ֮ͨУк֪϶ôĿӵһеĸȻϵʱҲֲ˺ѵĿռͨȴ̫Ŀռ䳱ϫͷ籩ˡһ·֪˶Σա㲻òԼʩչջ׭Ҳ˦ȥһɹɿռ䳱ϫ籩ռͨȻܽһǰ


623 ͷ
Сû˰ɣһ΢Щձ˿ǰ꣬дżֵĵѯʡȴż־죬ոտʱȫմȾѪΪֲԭΪܻ¶Ҫڴ϶ȹ°ˡȵǣ̶첻ʱ䣬ͻָ߰˰ˣȥʱԼ䣬ûʲô̫״ָٶȾˡ
ϴүѾõĲˣǺǣ㵱ʱҵʱȻȫѪֻһЩƤˡµģЦŸձ˽͡
ձ˵ͷóȥͻ治ܽ͡
ã˾ͺã
ձˣҲЦЦϵĿռ̫ͨɽկռ籩Щûа˺顣ԼѾΣҪȻܲĿռ籩ǼʹԼǿڿռ籩»һ˺ۣ׳ռͨʱͬһѪˡ
׳ռûã˾ͷ㣬ʱձŻˣ㵽Լס㴦˿ڡ
Ҳźˣ⣬ԺܵĻԲܽϵĿռͨҪȻôľͲ֪ˡк´ξ˵ˡ
аԷ̰˺ϼ䣬뵽Ѿרȥĺˡŷ˷̰̰ҲԼǵ
СոպãڸתһתǧԶˡ䡣
ϴүģҾڴԱ߹䣬ԶġЦŶձ˵
ձ˼ӦһʼԼ顣
ոոԭҲߣ⼸ˡҲ֪ʲôطȻйĽݼҵΧӽɽȪ壬ɽȪΪһȪȪȪˮȹȷʵܽɿڣ㻹Ȫˮ̺֮һȪˮ
ӵǲȫҲ˲ﵹһԴ
㵹ǾԼϵĿռͨ˦ȻôԶĽݹΧ൱֮Զǲɡ
뵽壬ʱǳױŭ˰ɣʱ޲¾ɱɡԼȻĽΧɾò˰ȫЩ̫ˣ֪ܲܰԼ
ϣ鷳ˡЦһԼȥģȴƭȥһ鷳ڴʱԼʵ˵ϹȻǺû
ѾˣҲûбİ취ֻʱܿǵķâˣҪԼľˣҪɱԼ˸ǿǾֻˡ
ϣΪ˰ȡʥˡֹһϵߣ΢΢ġȻƴ󣬿ԼıòӰһ԰壬ҪҵҲѰɡ
ǵøϽʵʵﵽһĸ߶ȣҲҶԸҡֹһ
ͬʱҲϣҰѺҪĶҪǺָܻ壬ԾҲе
ڴתһȦִŲٵˣ֪赲õġ
СԿ쿾ⲹһصӵʱ򣬴гֵк㡣ʶˣձ˵ӽлͷʵǴѵôﵽʮƷߣҲǴ䡣
ãЦ߹ȥӹͷݹҧһڣȻûľƲ㣬㻹ǳԵĽζ
Сζôٺ٣ҸմһͷҰޡͷҫ֮ɫͽָɵ⿰ͻҰޣȷʵֵ԰
ζŻͷЦ
ͷȻһЦֵƷλֵ̫ܵˣһȭܰſ£ôҪҪֵѧף
˵꣬ͷһļϣһѹϡ
ձ˵һڴһĻεҡҡͷ⻢ͷʲôãϲҫ
ͷСƸպã㲻㰡ձһ䡣
ͷڨڨЦţ㹰˵СǸҸոˡ
û£Цһ»ͷȡͷߵľˮһ˵ľƾҡ
㲻ƽϣͷеǣҵľƿǴҵģһ˺ܲˡ벻СȻܺȡ
ŻͷֿʼҫһڴЦҡҡͷǲ˵ͷˡҪ㣬ǸĲˡ
ˣСõĵͦġ˵忴ǵӻǲġ˵ģҪҪѧͷ˵˵껢ͷ˹ļ⡣
㿴ŻͷЦȻ廹ûкãȺ˾Сѧϰ
ͷͷ˵Ҫ㣬ͻƵ飬ʱͲˡ
ΪʲôЦʵ
Աһ͵Ҫͻ飬ͷȥĽʥǣȻ´ˡԣʱҲ̲ˡ
仰ŻȻǾ͹ϲˣ
ͷԴٺٵЦֻûһƲأ֮ôôﵽģûа취ҩֵףܲܶȹ׶˵
һ»ͷǺεʵһʮƷǰûܿԣһ۾Ͱ㷢ֻͷĸʮȹ̣𵱳˶١ⷢ㾪治ѣǽܹ״ĸ
ǣͷȻҲĸ
ԽҪͻƵ鷴ѶȸˡԻͷһ֮ͻƲˡҾͻƣǾŵףҲ׽µġ
뵽㣬ĵҲ
ͷĬ˵СôˣѹģҴﵽ飬ҲǿԽġǲ̣ܽүүҲ̣ܽҾүү̳ġٺ١
ʧЦ뻢ͷΪԼΪѹ˵ءҲûͣ뵽ʱЩ׭͵ҩͷУ̤֮ˡ
ȣϧһָˡձͻȻ˵
үүģҽʥǣһŬģʱΪĽӣ֮ͷظ֤
ձ˵˻ͷһ˵Բѣ㲻ʮƷѣڴҫҪ߳ӣɱĲ֪٣ʵ㻹ҫ
ٺ١ͷձŭڨڨЦЦҲ˵ʲô
ϴүֵ֣زѾĽˡ仰û˵ѣͷС棬ûнһ˿ȫԼģԺԼ൱ͣʮƷҲһš
ʮƷȻ죬ȴףҪʲôãδرȻͷ١οͷʮֵĴǳԶԶܺ͵⡣
ԣ»ͷֵزҪ˵ŲΪ룬𾩳֮ڵҪǿܶࡣҪǸͷ㹻Դûͷӵˡ
ʲôĽģһǴֵزʲôĽġ棬ǶصˡĽݹҪԸ⣬ƿصĴڡձ˵仰ʱ޵


624 
ãһȱҫеˣ̾һúЦ
ձ˵ˣʼһ죬ڹ֮ҲպĽݼΪڣ˸ǡʱĽݼ壬Ĺ塣Ľݼļ֮λԭҲġֻ沢ԣĽݼλĺšǼʹˣĺ˶Ҳ֮񡣡
үү㿪ЦɡҪôǿǻʺôׯͷԲš
㶮ʲôձ˵һۻͷȻƳڴ޽ʱ򣬴һʥǰʱػԭǰǰһʺãͬʱԴǺԽԽҲĺԶˣǰһ浱ƣȷʵʵ
ͷձ˵Ĺ£εʼ硣
ͷô˵֪ͷȫš㣬ɡϾϹйʱ˲űǵĹڣҲ׼˭˵Сû
ǣϾǰĻԻˡ˲ǲʵڵôǿǱɱšǱڣׯָһЩϾڻµͳˡԷȴʲôû£ҪʧܺܵĻǾֻһֱˡ
һ˵ЦԱ㣬׼һЩͷͻ֮ʱͻȻһڵЩûʲô⣬ǻͷȴȴɫ䣬һ͵ڻԱվϰٴΧһŴڿ첽ȥ
Щŭ⣬ſ־壬ɻ󣬲һʶ˵磬ôˣ
ħˣ˵
ħһ㶣Ļϸʣȴһܿϵ˴ڣŴڵˣʮ˲ס֣ܵƥ˫أ˻һЩ¶֮ɫ
ЩĺӼôˣɰȻϣֺ˵ҪĶ׼𣿡
һ仰ô񶼶ЩӣձʱҲΡΡǰλ˵λˣȪҪ˵ľܷһЩǣʯȴڲ
ձ˵ĻŶ˵ʲôʯ
עЩ֣ѯѹ˵Ľݽ˲֪ΪʲôѹγʯǴĳʯȫȡˣ㣬ȸׯǰȥڿ󣬵ҪʯҪǽǧǳʯҵǧʮﶼҲ
ҪʯʲôɻʵȷʵҲΪѰ
ֻ֪֪ĽݽֻҪϽڵĴׯҪǧĳʯҪȻÿһɱһˡ¶֮ɫʱգǵڵĵһ졣
ĽݽʲôˣôԵüҲˣûʲôɽҪǧʯֱǲܵ顣
˵˵Ľݽ𻵻ŵҪס죬ĽݽС֮ԲʮĽΧׯĽʥǵĵӣﲻ̰ġ
СѣֹһĵҲףЩײ˵СѾˡ

˵ûУΪ׵һŭձˣŭ⣬ҿûĽݴ˵ĻɣǶù
ձ˶һȺˣΡΡλˣܵûпɽβʯ
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ˣҲĽݹˣ۸ǣͲʥ𣿡ձŭ۶ŶԷ
ϼһϺͿ˰ɣǣĽݣôԲǧڣ˭ĽݣɽҰѣɱ˾ɱˣĽݹ˵֪֪ѵĽݽ˲ɣΪ׺ŭŴȵҪ̫Լһ飬ʥˣĽݹū͡ȻūͣҪΪū͵ľٸʱ䣬ҪǴղǧҲûдڵıҪˡ
ңͷǱƢɴ˫ۣĶ˺ȵ
ʲôҵģΪ׺ӳޣŻͷһɨ˹ȥͷ״һץץУȻһӾͱƥڵϡ
ϴ󣡡һ˼ԼϴȻƥһϴ
ĺһˤ۵ĶŻͷȵ
˵꣬һݺݵŻͷ˹ȥ
ͷʮƷߣץԱߵһ֦תϣ˹ȥĵס˶Է֦Ҳϡ
ѹָ򱾴˶֣ԭмΪ׵ĺŭŻͷߵ˺ϣһϣվȰɱˡ
Щ˾ȻҪɱͷЩһҪȥﻢͷǴͨˣֳȺǰûдﵽ˸ûʲôáﵽ֮Ķˣ޴ЩɷӵĶ֡
ͷ죬ӡ
ЩҪΧͷһЩϽͬʱһԼܵľҪǰȥͷ
ӣҪˣҾɱȫӡΪ׵ĺߵ
ͷ仰Ǳŭѣ趯ϱε֦ľݺݵЩˣɱǣ
޴ҪɱǣΪ׵ĺӹЦ㵱Լﵽ鲻ɣ
˵ָ꣬ʾԼ£ʼŻͷЩ£߰ƷʵôֳͷȻﵽʮƷȴҲһ£ƵϺˡ
״Ҳ˲Լʼ趯ľҪͷ
Ϊ׵ĺӼһĻ̲סһҪ˭ǰֱɱˡ
ʱҲҧ׼ȥڳȥʱ˵һȵϽܣҲʲô㲻ǴˣΪǴֵá
˵䣬ȥ
㿴ЩȥĴҡҡͷЩȥܰﻢͷ»ҲЩɷ˵ĽĽϢ˻δӦô£ոջ׺ݺݵĺӣʱȴһڵϣϢ
ԭľ׼ƴһĴ񣬿ϢڵϵЩӣһ㶡͵Ķ񣬶ŹֵĿЩӣǵǸʲôãѵ׼װɣ
ǣװıҪѵԼЩˣ



625 鷳
Ǹ̽һ֮ȷЩĲ֮һ̲ס̫Ī˰ɣոջɷˣĪˣ
үүйɣͷֹһͷһú̲ܶסһֻùý͡
˵ʲôձŭŻͷ
ͷǲձˣһ䣬ǹôϢЩңЩƥȫˡ
˿ոЩ˵ȻЩƥ˵ϡһĻһҲż־֮ɫ˵̫ˣֱǷ˼
ĪˣͷԼүүʱڡ
һ仰ʱ˵ͷȥ顣бĽǰһ黤ǣҲпܵġ
뵽⣬еĺ²΢΢һЩǹҲǰǵġ
ձ˿һЩ˵ʬ壬Żͷ˵ǰæЩʬ嶼̧ĵط֪ɱǡҪȻĽݽ˲ŹǴׯġ
ǣͷ˸Ͻ˵
үүЩƥأǿųԣձˡ
˵һ˵ĪҲҳԣǲԲԣһ
ϽͷӦǣ仰ЦãⲻԼĽɱ˶ѣΪʲôܳԣҲûȥ͡˵̫˼ˣͣЩ˲һš
Сһæк㡣
ͷͻͷһ˿ʼʬƥȻԶĵطһӣǶȥЩ֮󣬻ͷ˲һϽȥʹ˼ϡ
ˣձŻͷ
ͷͷˣֻҪڳû֪ɱˡ
ձ˵˵ͷô˵ǳỳɵϡңǧȡʱĽݽ˻Ҫǵ鷳
ͷʱŭһǶѣɱ
ձ̾һϾСǺˡԷҪǽǧˡ
үүô죿ͷȭͷ
ֻܵɽͷңϣҵͬʱͷմﵽ֮нĽʥǵʸ񣬿԰ơ˵Լһձ˵
ͷȻʣҲ֪ûбѡֻˣ
ձʱҲ㣺С㲻Ǵеˣ㻹뿪ɡʱͷ߶߲ˡ
ϴүﻰЩչˡѣˡⲻ˴ҵļ𣿡ЦŶձ˵
ͷĻݺݵļ򣬸˵˵Ҿֵ֪
ͷסڣձŭ⣬漴̾һСҲﲻʲôʱҪûҵĻͻͷѵ𣿡
ΪΪǺǣϴү˵ˣлԻȼˣҲˡׯѣܾܲߡЦҪǾˣǻͷ綼Ҫڱˡ
ͷϽҡͷոձձ˺ȳ⣬ҲӦ˵С㻹үүİɡҲʲôģҲġ
˭ʲôҿ̽пʯɽЦ˵ҵس̽˵ܲܰǣ
㵹Ҳȫſں˵ʵҪ̽ЩҪһЩ
С㡭
ձ˻˵ʲôȴЦŴϵϴү˵ˣҲ̫ģոЩĪˡ˵λĽݽĴҲܵͷĪˡҵΣý
仰ձ̾һҲ˵ʲôˣֻĻûһСô׾
ձ˲ȰҲ¶һЦݡطһõطöܾ׷ɱߣһС㻹ûзҪǸԼֽ˾ǡ
ȡ
ȻЦĳձ˸̾һ˰ʱҪͬҲҪ
ձ˵Ļ֪ձ˻ڵġ
˰ˣǶôãҪǲģǲˡԭ׼ȥɱĽݽģǼֱЩ硣վ¾ģϾһˣ˸ˣЩ˵ġ
һΧŻѣʱʱһôҵ󡣶˵ģسʹûţⲻĽھǡ
ûȥ˯˼㵹һŻͷһ˵ͷ磬Ѿˣǻȥ˯𣿡
ĻͷҡҡͷСҪ۵Ļȥ˯ɡ
ͷô˵һ򷿼ȥ˯
ûûΣҡҡͷЦ˼ձ˸ǶŻͷ˵ʱҪŬסСܲȥ
үүģͷ֪ôСĽҾϲˡͷ˴Ĵָ
ձ˵һۻͷסڣҪո˵ôһ䣬С˵Ͳˡ
үүôܹңСǽˣҸߣҲ߰ͷԹ
ձ˵һۻͷȴû˵
ǣ˿ʼ￪ʼʱڴ֮УԭӦ˯һˣȴ磬û˺ҹ֮ʧ
ͷ˲֪ɳü

ڶͣͷʹķţд˷ܣغССˡ
Сڲڰ
̫ˣô˯һϢ
ͷԼôöûѵСƸ˲ɣ뵽⣬ͷ׼ײšǾ׼ײʱȴ˴ţŹǷŻͷ˵磬ʲô鰡ô
ͷǷ˯ôû˯񣡲뵽ոյõĺϢ̲ס˷
С˯кϢ㡣
ʲôϢŻͷʵѾµˣǲɶĽݽҲ˰
ͷ㵣˵Сô֪ģ
кȻһЦϰһ˲ɣɱ˯ôΪû˯
Ȼ˳ְѶԷѹĳˡֻɻǣ󲢲࣬ҲͼǧѣͶԷѹε
ȻҲû̫࣬Ȼ󣬵ԼĺöʤҲں
ȥˣʲôûͷô˷ܣЦ˵ˣͷҪûʲôĻͱ˯ˡ
ҪţͷʧֵҲ̫Ƶ˰ɡ
С𰡣һϲûиء˵ʥǵҲҪǴׯĺ¡
ʲô˯ʱûУۿŻͷ˵Ҫ


626 
Ľĺܿ죬ͬʱҲ˴һۿȥƺƵԭССĴׯϾͱӵ
Щˣվ˼˵оͶ˼־衣ʱڱ׷ɱԼסͷһȺ˿û⡣ǣҪסĽӵˣˡľ壬϶ĵ׷ɱҪǲԼݣѱĽݹ岻Ϊֺþ壬Լ͸˼ҡ
Ϊ׵һŻ棬ӢߴվںƺƵȺǰʮۡһĴׯɻߵһ˵Ľ֮أ
ӣӵأЩĺˡӹ˵
ĽӵͷɨһЩ漴̾Ϣ˵Ǻεĺ˾Ȼ˱΢鶼ûдﵽǶ˵á
ĻСһ仰ûͷ࣬һŭĽӡȭͷǵվɿȭͷԴĬĬվһߡ
Է˵ҲûԼЩˣȷʵڵ
Ľӿһ۴漴˵λʥˣ߰ɡ
ձɫ˲䣬ձ˸˵ĽӵǰڵϰӴˣ˵أ˵ҪһֱػӴˣǲΥѵ
Ľüձ˵˵Բ֮أȻػ㵣ˣ
Ӵˣ桭ձ˴󺧡
ձ˵Ļû˵꣬ͱӴϵˣ㲻Ҫ˵ˣػĵطǻտš
ձʹĿͷĽӺӴˣȱҵȣҪȻ뿪ׯ࡭
ˣǶȥüĿձ˵ʱһȺ˿ʼȥ
ס֣ͷ˿ʼүүŭ˳ŭĿӵĶӣסձˣȭͷȥֹЩ˴߻ͷ
ðĻͷĽӸǲˬӺǶȥ
ǣ
Ҫͷŭһȭͷ裬Ӷһ
һʮƷ߶ѣȻҲҫֱǲ֪һŭȣӿһŻͷӡ˹ȥһƿƽ棬ձ˿ȴѣͷ֮㲻Ķ֡
ͷ۾бȭͷҲż־֣֮ܵסġ
·ߴżһƾҪڻͷؿڣͷʵı۾ȴһȭ١
˼Ϣʱ䣬ȴûиоؿʹ۾ȥָոչߣĵĺˣдż־֡
ͷձɻĿһĻʱҲε߳ȻԸ֣ܲܿŻͷɱɡˣһطܿǡ
СߣͷȻֱֱվǰһСôҪЩ˶С֣СᱻԷɱˡ
ŻͷЦЦǰĽ˵ЩɡϾ˼ҵأǷػ˼ҸϳȥܲӦðɡ
˭£õ𣿡ŭ㣬ܱƿ֮Ǹ߿һۣѵСׯл֮Ĵڲɣ⻹м츳
׼˵ʲôȴͷţСӴˣܳͷġ
ҡҡͷվǰһ˵ҲӵˣǵġӣҲ˵Ǿ͸ǡ
ôĿӲмһߵ˵ߡ
ͷһ֮ϵȥһס˵СߣҰ㵲ס
仰ЦЦ˵һЩСɫѣκβǡ
ͷüҪȳ䡣֮ʲôĴڡǣûпڣͼֱֻһ˦֮ͬ߷һ㵹ɳȥݺݵڵϣҳһӣڵ³һڿѪҺ
һĻûͷ㶵Ŀ㣬Ҳ۾дŲšǴ˼죬һֱܵ͵ͨ嵥ˣȻһоش֮
ͷһ뵽ԼҪ̵̲סࡣ̫Ķˣ
ֻ֮󣬻ͷ̲סӵˣܷŹ
ȤӿЦ벻һʺĵطȻܳһߣǳҵϡмʵնȥʥҪģΪǵס𣿡
ĽӵĻձվǰһϽ˵ӴˣǲʥǵĴ䡣ҪػĵطǵĸӴѵΥ
Ľü˵ҪˣܽԲ֮صˣǾϸѡġȻ˵ĺˣȴûʸʥǵ˭Ҳ
Ӵˣǡ
ҪͺʥǵλԪȥ˵ɡˣûʸ˶ϳȥĽӺ
ǣ
һ仰֮һȺٴȥ㿴˹ʮˣǴżֲмһ˳ȥնʱһ޴ƣʮϣʮ˲䱻ش˳ȥ
һЩҲսңЦſĽ˵ҵǺܺ棬ΪʲôʸܽΪˣûʸˡⲻǿЦ𣿡
ĽҲһһܱƣǴﵽʵС̫ˣûԴҲֵز
Ľݹ壬ҪǰԲ֮صʤʥزÿһȥҪȥǾͱҪһʵĽݹ岻֪˶ֳ֧꣬Ҳ֪٣ʥҲֻȡǿǰʮĽӶ˵ΪС·ǰʮ𣿡
һ仰ձ˲٣˵ǰʮǰһ٣ˡʥµѵվҪ뿪
ͷҲɫȻȻʡȭͷҲɿȻʥµηˡ
Ǻǣҵʲô飬ǰʮǡҴǴμˡЦ
һ仰ûͷһס˵С嶯
ŻͷҡҡͷģҲǳ嶯ˡ
ĻͷЩûˤڵأ㶼˵һ仰ˡг嶯ô嶯
С㡭
ִϻͷĿ⿴ĽЦôȻǴҲĽݹѪܲ᲻ǲμӰɣ
仰ĽüѣȻһ˷ϣԭǰʮѾѡˡ˵ķϣǾ͸һᣬҪʤ˵ʮһټһΣ
ҡҡͷĽ˵ã
仰һͶȥĵɫոձֵĺһ˼Ҹո˵ԡ˰ɣԭҲһֻᴵţļһ
˾͹ĽӲͷ˵
£ʧЦǵǣ۸˼ҵʮܲǺ¡ȻҪҴһΣ
һ仰˶ɴ۾㣬һƬž˶оԼΪ֮˼¡


627 
սһ
ȴûͷ˶Ϳ㣬һڴ죬Ŀ㡣֪֪Լ˵ʲô֪֪ʲôܱӵˣǹȫġÿһ˶֮ӡȻǱϾӡĽݹƣûһӣĽһ˵
ǣһȻʮ߰ս
΢΢һ㶣Ҳû뵽ȻսԼʲô˼Լ󲻳ɣ
㲻񣡡Ӷ㣬ǴżֲмԼΪӣ˾սԼɣ
ǲ㲻ҽܣ㶢Ӻ
Ļձ˻ͷһ˲ΡΡ¶ĿӡС̫ˣȻӡ
Ҳŭˣһ֪ðɽҰ񡣾Ȼ˵Լҽܣʲô
ŭˣƱӿѹȥֲ𵴵ĿռŤһɽһݺݵѹ㡣ŻһƣͷкȻҿˡεס֮ơ
нףʵǲѹֿӡϧֻǰнףҲֻӶѡ̾һһģԷƾ߽⣬ѳһѷ죬ټƣױ顣
һĻʧĿ㣬ܶ˴ԭأ˲۾ȷſǲģǺεһĴڡƾȻԷĳһƸˣǲǿˣ
Ҳ͵Ŀ㣬ǲ֮ɫԼʵƾԼ׵סȴˣʲôʵѵﵽ޲ɣ
ܣӲԼĲ²⡣ԼȻȲ֮ǰλӡһгȥλӣ˭ȵĹԼ𣿺οֻʮ߰ģˡ
ڹ˰ɣǸһǲң㿴Ц
ӺһսսҪʤңȻҪǰˣҾɱ㡣
仰Цˣ
Ӽ㻹Цŭһ㣬ӿȭͷϵӣһɹǣգȵƴȭͷ磬һ׾ӿ˦֮䣬ռѳһѷ졣
˿һĻɫȻֱֱĶһȭһȭ֮
̩ɽȭ
ӵıȣȭͷֱȥ
С㿪
ͷԾһȭкȻζӲȭġ
ǣȴЦ˵ЦעУֱۣǰȥѲİƺͶԷȭͷײһ˿һĻȴͷ֮
ȷʵȷʵͷѵǣ˵Բ˫۵ǡͷ֮㷢ʱ򣬶ǳݵӣֻȭͷҽһĵ˳ȥ²ȳһӡǣһӡ
˳ʮ֮˿ȭͷȭͷŹɹѪҺӵ۵Ťȭͷҽвϡ
Ŀⶼеϡһɺǵĵð
ͷȴҲ㶵Ŀ㣬û뵽ԼദôãһֱƿСоȻ̺ͷ㣬¶֮ɫʦһҪʦСǿҾȻˡ
˲뵽ЩĪˣ¾СնɱġУǸĽݽҲСȥ˳ɱˡ
Ӹֱܵ۴ľۣǺҪٴԸ㣬ȴ㵭˵һȭֻǴĹͷָܻҪٸҴϼƣֱ۾ͱϵˡҪҪأǱסֱۡ
һ仰ֹס˽Ų˵㵽ʲôʵ
壡ҲΣ˵
˵һû뵽ӻҪС꣬ʵﵽ˿ֲĲΡ
ôʸ˰ɣ˵
Ӷ㣬¶ʡȴҲףԼԲĶ֣ĳһƶ㶯еҲκεֻǣһСôܳѵԵʣ
Ӵһ㣬ܿͷ˶ߣ˵ߣ
ŶǸСʱ򱻻һ̣Ϊ˲˼ҡֻߡʼͷǰɣ
ͷһ㶣оߣǺܴĴԣССʱչ
Ӷ㣬üͷ΢΢ˣվûмʡһʤңǴ˾ɡЩʱ򣬵ʱԲ֮ؿôǶ֪
仰Цģ
Ҳ˵ʲôȡһЩҩʼΪԼˡ˵ʱһͻȻĽݽǲɱģ
仰ͷһĿ⿴ԴֻȺֿһ·һӻ߳ߵĵӶ
ǽɫϡձһ͵ϣʵҲޡ
仰Ҳ˼־񣬿ӡ
˵ʲôȻɱĽݽ𡣸ոھһʱɱĽݹˣֺ߲á
ĽݽǲɱģӶ˵
ʹҡҡͷ˵ʲôһֱڴû뿪ĽݽҶ֪˭
ߣĽݽǻһЩǣҲɱɱġȻӣҲеĽܳӡѹ㣬û뵽˵ĺȥӵλˣ
仰ֹ˼ԼɲĽݼҵˣӲȤ
ɱĽݽҲʲô¡ȻһЩͷƾ츳еĴлῴġӿ˵
ƲƲ죬ΪɵҪĽݼˣ治ɱҡǣҲǰɱǵˣԼܳĽݹ
˵ʲôһûɱĽݽ𣡡ҧ˵
һʵˣǲܳΪӵġӶȵ
εҡҡͷô˵ûɱûɱȻ˵һСһ϶ѣûǾû
Ӷ㿴һͻȻ֮仯Ϊצһץ˹ȥץĵطϵߡ
Ҳ㱻ˡӼͬʱ󺰶˵
ϵٶȼ֮죬ͷֵʱʩչңμ䵹ˣԷץԼĲӰϣһץ֮£Ӱķ顣
ÿٶȣоȣû뵽Ȼܱܿ
㸺ֶ֮ϣ˵δ̫Եˡ˵ѿܼˣϺαӲҪ˺˿ڡ㲻֪崿˺ҪǽΪˣȻŤɴɫǣå֮ڵģѵϻḺ𣿡
Ϊӣ㻹ûŮ𣿡˵꣬ץȥвץǾ;Բݵ˼


628 ʵ
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ҪǲţԿӺߵֻǵʱϵӣͺܱǸˡ
ӣı£ĽߣֻˡӶ˵ҪܰܵңҾĻժߡ
ЦҶʤ㣬ժⲻǷϻ𣿼ȻҪǾʹɡ
˵֮ҲܣƣŶԷץצӭȥһƣĺͶԷײһֱоԼצץһϣһĵʹҲ͵ջ
˵κβҡƫƫšЦеĿϣдżζλϲŴﵽ޶ѣԼΧ¶նɱһɣ
ʱѾʼˣһԿ˿ڻ¡
ߣƤһЩʲôãоȻȣȴԸ䡣Ϊһ޻ܸһ
ֱ˦ռ䶯˲仯ϫӿ˹ȥû֮Уռ֮ѹ£ȡ
ƾ֮ѹƿռʵװѹϲ޵˵԰ǰܺ޽֣
ǵδأϵĵ£һȭȻ俪˶ԷĿռѹƣ˺ѳһӣ˳㲻ǵһʩչһеģ϶ҲһǺܱǸĸǣǶԸʽǰûá
㻰˵ͬʱӰ͵ļȭͷջһĽǶȣֱ̽ԷؿڶȥϷӦҲӭȥסһСǣסͬʱȭͷӿĿֲ̤һ㣬ס壬ֻȴ΢΢Ĳ
ﵽޣϵɴ۾Ķ㣬Ų֮ɫ޵ĻƿĿռѹƣп
壡㶢ϵ˵ʵ㹻Ըˡ
Ķ㣬̽һʵȷʵûпռ䲨û޵Ϣǣôܣһôܺ޶൱
ѵСĵõ˵İҪȻôһСӣôǿߣ϶㡣
ʱҲĿ㣬Ҳû뵽Ȼź޽ֵѹԼǰˡֻǲֲ̫ˡʮ߰갡ʵʹﵽֵزǴӣͣҲһǿɡ
뵽⣬Ҫ뷨ʧһɶһˣôꣿ
һֱֱĶ˵
ЦһҲϻȭͷֱɨնʱ鲼ȭӰȭӰϸǶȥռ𵴵죬ֲһ߸ϽԶ롣
ϿµȭӰɫҲһߣӿ̩ɽȭ
ԷĳеסĹһȭӰˮŶԷȥͬˮ޺۵ɫ䣬ֱ˦ܵĿռ䶼ǰס˹ˮ
ˮײڿռ֮ϣǧˡ˻ڶռΪ֮飡
ˮ޺۵סҲ⣬˲ʩչȥı⣬˲ѿռ飬ֱֱĺǰò˹ȥ
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ٶȿ˶壬ֻһӰӡ漴ǰͶһĻֳϵĺ
͡
һڵӶĿⶼϡΪ޵ϣȻһź찡ϰˣ
ͷɫȣĶ㡣ʱһ㣬ǰΪǴġ
ϸоıͬʧע㡣ȻˣУ
ϣԲժ˰ɣЦеĿϡ
Ͽһۣ漴ͷŤһ飬ĬĻ
ЦЦջؽָ֮Сϱ𵱳׷ɱԼ޻֣ڻ£ʱ׷Լ⣬Ҳһ
ʲôϼջͣվʵ
Ľ˳ȡһ
ĽҼסˣ϶㣬һҼסˡɱûɱĽݽܻˮʯġʵл֤ݵġ߾Ҳժ£Ҳժ
˵˿Ϊ˵ԼʱܾǣѾ׷ɱˡ
˱飬ϺһҲû˵ʲô漴˵Ը˰һжãȥ˵Բ֮ء
ǣӵͷɻԼֱۡ
뿪ӿһ㣬漴˿ͷ˵Բ֮ػ֡ʵûдﵽ顣ͲܿҸΪǺãҪǲţˡ
仰㶡漴ʩչ˼ϵơ
ӱϣʱоʹ˼֡üһȻǻҽԸոյЧȼӦû͡
ӵһ䣬ȴ˹֣˵лˣ
ЦЦҲû˵ʲôǶŻͷ˵֮ж˴ﵽʮƷģ
ͷһ㶣Ǻܿͻش
֮УﵽʮƷģѾ㲻ġǸС˱ܶ࣬Ҳѡ
ɣ˵
ͷȻȣǻվ˳ŸոմﵽʮƷõĶ
һȡһЩҩͷ˵Щţʱõš
ͷеĶ˲ѡȻǱҩҲƷͣûнӴġ
£ǰѾ֮Żͷ˵
ͷȻʵǿҪǵ飬ĵȻɻ󣬿Ļǹɵ
ָյ㶯˼£֮Уʱ׹׹ǿ˸ѣ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⡣
ת׵Ǵ塣ʱʩչ׵磬һ׻Ҫǿ١ͷʵǺѡ
ͷ׵磬΢΢һ㶵ͬʱ˷׵壬ﵽ֮ʲô̫⡣
Сˣ׵֮ܽáͷ˷ܵĿ佱
ָһ㣬Щ׵ͺͷտƵʮ־ڻͷܳܵķΧڡ
Ӽʩչ׵磬Ŀ㣬Ǿ֮ɫôҲû뵽ȻһʿʿĽݼҲࡣˣﵽ޿Ǳﵽ֮˵λˡ
ûǵľȣе׵ɲϵˣûо飬ǾֻȰһЩˡ˵¡


629 Ľѩ
һ֮󣬻ڴҲԽԽࡣԭĴ䣬ʼӵͷˣʵҲĴ£ﵽ֮ͷƾһͻƵ춥塣ٴ㾴ˡ
㿴ԽԽˣձ˵ϴүôˣд·ǵ˵δֻ֮·һ
ձ˿˿ܣͬʱҲоµĵ𶯣̾һѵΥڽػǾҲ뿪
ϴүô˵Ȼ˵ػҲҪȫ˶ػͷ˻ػصġʵȫҲȲҲΥѵ
⡭ձ˵ĵ˵
ϴүѪֺαˡѵҪѪ˲ɣ̤أܸоڲȵҪӿƵġҪӿǾ;ԲձЩֵܵġ
ðɣձɿڣǾ뿪һʱ䣬ʱٻ
ãԷԸ뿪Ҳ΢΢ϲ⡣ʵסͷ˵ǲѣҪסһӵˣǺѹġʱԸ뿪òˡ
ձһڴ˵ŻȴһѱתϣǸĽģ
ɻתͷ֪ʲôʱǰվһ޾ŮӣŮһȺˡŮ˫Ŀտտü˱ǣձ΢Уףű¶ȹװ޳¶һСأӨ͸ļˮƮȻ°Σͦ쳣ĸ̣ķѩɽͣγջȫĻȣѱİ
ŮӼĿȻغβɨüͷ΢΢һŭ˵ƿĹۣŲűСĹۡ
Ըк;ѵǸ˿ģҿ֮ͦͦģЦе˵
Ůֱָ۾ݺݵĴ˹ȥ
һӣЦһӰܿ˾ŮӵĹٶ̫ҾͲˣټ
˵꣬Ӱ뿪ǣ㻹δ뿪ӰͱǰͬʱŮ󣬸ŵ˶Χȡ
˶۸ٲɣЦſžŮӣĿǰɨزѩ׵Ĺɢ¶Ըе次
ӣӡҵ鲻ǹܣŮӼǰŭһʰ
ѩС˵϶ûֵ˺áǻǰɡǰλಢ棬ϻһССߵžŮֺ˵
Ůŭһŭ˵
㰵զ࣬Ů˹𱬵ģӶʨģӦԶȻ֮ǰ㻹ǿһ̵ͦęĹ
ĽѩԷ˶ҧݶ˵ÿҪҪһѣ
Ŀ𣿡۾һɨŶԷ̴ͦһӦú۵԰ɡ
Ů󷽣ոҼʧˣŮǺӶ˻𣬼ֱƽĺŮˡ
̾׼￪ʼʱȴĽѩҧ¶˪ڨڨһЦǸոպ㿪ЦءΪɣԲҶŮӵġ
۶֣Ľѩ㣬˵
ʲô㵣ûзӦ
۶֣ȻĽѩظһ
Ϊ˭谡ͻȻЦˣ㵽һȥɣȣǾᣬ˶˵شԣǲŵġ˵ôһ仰Ҹò仰أ
Ľѩ𱬵ƢٴεȼָݺݵĲ۾
Ů˰ҪɶµãôԺô޵ĳȥɱģһŮ˵ӡ̾һܿԷ׷ɱ
Ȼ֪ŮΪʲô鷳ȴҲͶԷȥԼʱɲ̫áһˣһϾҪĽݼž塣
ô룬ԷȴԸԸӣٴǰһȭ㣬㵲
ǰɣ˼Ҷˡǻˣȴòסˡ
˵ʵһ壬ޡ̾ЩȷʵˣٲſҪǷŵȥΪ֮ˡҲֻлҰɣ
ܲЩˣڷ뿪ҲǡҪʹһΣ
ҵĻûҽǹȻĽѩԸ˰
ѩҪҪǰûϵǣͬĸĵܵûҲ˵ĽֵܡίܲΪͷӵվĽѩ̸
ףԭЩҪΪӳͷѹŮҪ۶Լֱˡ
ЦЦ˵ԭΪ˳ͷҲգҪԶ٣һ
ȻǡӸ˵ʲôȴĽѩϵһʰ㡣
㶢Ůˣ鲻ԽԸоɨۣŭĿУεʼ磺ɱڣ
ڣĽѩȥѩ׵ƺݺݵ˹ȥȵĿռ𵴡
µĻͷ˼ĽѩҲĲѡĽѩʹɽҰĴ˵ĽݹһһŮӾͲ˵ˣĽݹ϶ƿС
ǣһŮĽѩŮ˾ԸеͲ˵ˣĽݹв֪˴⣬ҪݺݵİĲȷʵ겻ʱ䣬ʵ飬ֱֱޡٶȣΪ֮ȻңӵơԣŮĽݹ屻ƺΪ
ʱʵֻޣʹԶ˶϶ŮųԽǱĽݼȻһ֡
ϾĽݼ廹δ˭һ²ʱ䣬ʹӰ߽ףûнκ£ޡԣĽѩһţĽֻ˵ҪƵ˵츳
룬ҪĽѩſʵˣ˱˹ΪĴܣߡ
ԣͷĽݹһ˳ͻɰż
ĽѩϵĹҲû飬һƲϵ˳ȥסĽѩĹҲоʮֳŮȷʵǿʵҪﵽнˣԼ֮ϻҪѷɫһοΪĽݹõĹطҲ١㣬ԭ֮ľ
˵һ飬۶һֱۡҷŹ㡣Ľѩߵ
ЦʲôЦ۶ֱۣôę
ĴЦ֮Ľѩҧгݣ
һƾֱֱ㣬һԭվΪ֮㡯ֱ
Ӱ
ĽѩȵʱĴЦȴһƨɰɡ
һ仰һƬž˶Ľѩę



630 ƨ
ĽѩҲһԷٶ̫ˣȷŶԷ⻰ǲģҲ𼸷־Լ̵ͦę
ǣĽѩСٶȣֻһƬӰֵס㼸֮һƺӰʱظоһѣһһĸоҪȫ֮һգĽѩ̲סһ¡
ǸʵҸո˵ˣҪץĲƨɣءؿɱƨˡЦ֮УлŸոյĵ֮УĿ⿴ĽѩŮǻ𱬣ѱѹڵص뷨
Ҳ͵ĿһĻû뵽Ȼô󵨡Ľѩȥǣѵ֪Ů˲ֻĻ𱬣ƢҲͬ飬ָֻ£
жǰҪɫҪ֣и̾
ʱĽѩɫͨ죬ͬһţۼɢŶеĴ⣬ʮ˵Ŀ⣬Щ̲סʿˮĽѩһģʱֹ
˰ɣˣ㿴ĽѩЦ
Ľѩҧݣϵ糺첻ˣĶ˵Ҫն˫֡
νʼҪˣնҵ֣ҿҪϼˡ
ȻҵϷĽѩһ̲סĴָɫֲҲаˣ
ż񰡣Ȼôû
ԭԺɫҪҲһ־簡
ǣģȻҼ㣬Ҳ㣬ҵϷҪɫҪ
ɲ֪ĽѩĽݹʲôĵλĽѩǺӵλ൱ֻҪλӣǿԵϷһѵġĻŮˣռռıˣֱԲԼ
ĽѩĶ㣬Ҳûпӽָȡһѳʣ⣬ҫۣļ¡
СˣĽˣһˡܶĹĽѩǣĵλǺʹ൱ܵϡֻ·һˡ
ޱͬĿ㣬ʹԭ׼ֶԸӣʱҲ׼ˡȻ޶ԷһĽѩڶԷһ۾̫ˡ
ĽѩһֱֱĴ̹ɭӰϵıãܿһ
Ů˳ױ㼤ŭ㡣ָӵĿֲһдʩչ£ŤĿֲڵϣһ޴ѷ֣ׯ֮еķݱݻٵĸɸɾ
ĽѩнӰϱ䣬Ů˷ƵģвϣıƷɳǵءĽѩĹ£ҲŭһŮǳ׷ˣƷƷʩչˣԼңż鷳ʱ򲻵òӭȥѪ
ˣˣˣΪֹˣһСҳԵȥǡ֣Ů˴ȥˡŮ˷òҪȥǣҪȻ϶ҧ㼸ڡҧڵǰˣҪǱҧ˵طĻⱲӾҪ̫ˡ
ԣڷŮˣһǾԶ֮ġ
ǣ㲻ˡĽѩȴôΪеĸӵĿֲһȥһ޴Ľ󣬲Ҫ㸲Ƕ£ڽֵǼ䣬֮·ǽӰһ㣬ɭϢŰռ䣬罣硣
˿һĻкȻųױߵĽѩʩչߡ
㸲Ƕ£Ӱ䲻ϡ㲻ʩչסѪͬʱҲ̲סŭˡ
ĸҪǰɣ󣡡
ԭ̫ŮˣϷϷҲˡǣû뵽ŮģҪԼƵġ
ĸĽѩǷˣᣬǧмҪ
ĽѩЪ˹Ļƴ򿪣潣㲻ҵĶ֣
򽣹ڣ
ŭ£Ľ͸Χʱ۳ĽЩĽѩĽ˹ȥ
Ľɣ
Ľѩųױʵıâ㣬𺳣żֲš츳ϣҲŴﵽĽСɡǣʵȲļһȻĽˡôܣ
ƣ
ŭһ˻һƿռ䣬Խصľ룬ӲײĽѩĽ֮ϡ

һص죬ܣԭķݱĸɸɾͬģճһ޴ѷ죬һ
Ľѩ֮ʵǿôһߡǣСɵĽôﵽɣʩչĽ⡣㻯Ϊ£ĽѩĽֱ˲ѡ
ĽѩϺ˵ĵڣһƬӰֺݺݵĽѩƨϣһž쳹գһЩע⵽ˣĿɿڴһʧעһƣڶµ㡣
žž
˶Էƨ֮͵˺󣺡ո˵ƨɣȻ˵ˣ˺ܾӣȻ˵ȥˣҪ͵㷢ĳͷ
Ľѩоƨɵʹ֮У˶Ϊ֮£Ľѩû뵽ԼôУ߳ŭ޽ġ
ĽҪ
ٴҪŮĽѩӣҪϽ뿪
ǾڴʱԭЩĴأȻ¡¡ıڱ֮䣬һѷ죬͸¶һɹϢϢǲǿֻ𵴶ҪûдﵽĻ¶ᱻ
𵴵ЩңҺö뿪ˡ
Ľѩ´䣬ԭ׼ߵĽŰһЩڿնŽµأֻصѷԽԽѷڴм䱬ѿһȪˮҲϵѷ֮С
һȪѷ֮УöȪ֮
죡ѳʯȥ
һЩ˷ܵĺӵҲ˲ĽѩʼָʾˣһһĳʯЩʯǵָʾ£һĵѷ֮С
㿴Ŷ̲סۣҪǮ
ЩǷ˰ɣҪЩʯѷ죿
㲻⣬ȴԷһĳʯϵĵȥҲ֪˶٣ľˡоʯͷһ㣡ȻҲûѷ죬ѷѿԽԽ
ǱߵĽѩʱҲ˹㣬ĿֱֱĶѷ졣
˵֮Բ֮Ҫ𣿡
˵עУһ͵𣬴ѷ֮Уһǧ׳շ֮䣬ס⣬ͬʱʮҫۡ

͵Ŀǧ״ľȻȫɳ۶ɣĿѤ
˵Ʒ
˳ȵĶǧ׵ľ޴Ȼ¶̰֮ɫȴûһ˸ҳȥոƷ
ͬңÿΰڶβͣضѹƣֲ
໡
ڳһκ£ǰȻ䣬龰ֱֱĶ㣬Ųź𺳡



631 ֲ
֮ϣ֪ʱһ޴ɽ壬ɽϣΧɽΰɽͻȻʯףЩʯ׾Ȼǳʯ۶ɵģתӵϡ
ڳʯ׳֣Ҳûɽ֮ʧ
ͷɽ壬Ŀͣ񼣲ࡣ
һĬ֮˷Ӧ̤˳ʯףŵһҲӦųʯױ˹ȥ
ɽǵ˵ıչ֮µĶ϶ҪܵõһЩõ˵ĴУǡ
ĽѩʱҲ㣬һ˵ţȥ֮ʰ㡣
ĽѩȻʬΣѧ˵ľŵǬ˵ĳŵǬڿռƿشﵽ˳뻯ĵز˾ƾһ׹ݺ¡Ҫѧһ׳ݺЩңԶģڰ֮ھʹﵽ֮
ڿռƿϣûйܳ˵ľŵǬŵǬ£ռ䶼ְǺεȿֲֶΣ
ҷ֮꣬ܰɱ
Ľѩһɽ弱ٵĸϹȥЩ˶ˣҲɽȥ
̤ϳʯףоԼ̤һϣʮƶ֮䣬һ֣ſռ䲨ճһ䲨֮
þĿռƿ㿴ŽµĳʯףоȲѣȻܿĳЩǿռ𶯲ġܰŪۼҪεȾƿ
̤ĳʯ׵ʱ򣬸Առ֮Ȼʧʯϣ֪͵ȥˡ
ں˿һĻһۣվסջ󣬻ȥ
һʯϣһ˱ռɲ̤֮ҲоԼһɿռգۼ䣬ͳһĵط㿴ԼĽ£Ȼ߰׹ǣ
㿴߰׹ǣҲȲѡ׹Ƕôÿ׹һɹɢĴһְ׹׭֮Ȼȴͨķ׭
ʬǣ
о˵߲ſʼˣط׭ͨ׭ڴȻ㲻ġǣϾǴܰһԼĴڡ
ܾȻﲻôаŰɣһܣһһɽʹ
ߵʬǣƱǺòϣ϶ҪӲĶࡣֻ㻹ǰˡǺãǶʬǣڻҪġ
ͶԷԩ޳𣬲Ըȱµ顣
ɽͨȥɽ߾Ȼǳ㾪ȵǣϣȻֲﳤֻ㲻ʶЩֲʲô
֮ͨߵĲҲ졣һ·߹ȥûзʲô״
ɽͨķѡɽǿз׭ģԽ棬Խоռ̣ǿռ䲻ϲһ
ߡĿռŶϲ㣬ȫסڶϲдС
䡭
ڶϲ㲻ǰʱͻȻһ͵ըһը죬һƵ׵ֱֱ£ϡ
䡭䡭
ڵһ׵£ϲУռ俪ʼϵĵŤ׵ĺ¡׵ɵʮֲֿ֮
װѰƬ׵磬ȴϲڱ˵׵£סǣʲôˣף׵粻ɣ
ˬˬ
ЦЩɫ׵磬УܸоĵԼǿȲϵӣʼ۵ĵط׭ˡ
Խǰ׵Խ񱩡Ǵϲ꣬񫣺ɺɡһЩ
㲻룬֮ʲϵļǿ׵ͬԽԽ񱩣Ҳ֪˶áĵط׭Ȼ˳ϢҲһͻƵ޵ơ
ǿȣ͹ﵽˣֻҪҸطѹƿռ֮һٴﵽޡ
ϲﵽ֮ԼͶһԱ֮ˡ
׵ԽԽ񱩣ЩôˡǵʵȷʵǿҪסЩ׵粢ѡǣܲ飬Щ׵һֱĻڵֵֻ꣬
ǵԳĽ׵ǾǱ׵ˣȻӻȥʱ˲Σ
׵Ѿˣ챻˿񱩵׵Ҫǻˡ㲻ͬԽԽֻ㾪ȵǣʱ䣬û߳ԶĿռ䣬һĵӣֻֻаײľ룬ȴҪһ죬һ춼߲
㾪棬ȴûа취ڵ졣˳ʱĵĵط׭Ѿˡֹ
ʱһޣѹԵʤ
⻹ֻδޣҪɱһ¡ﵽޣԼʵܴﵽֵزǿԺ޸߽뵽㣬㲻˷
˷ܲѵʱĶȴ˼Ц˽ˣܴﵽҵҪˡ
㱻һ漴ŭһ˭
Ļ£ǰȻ߳һáһȫڣͷһһ۶ܸоļӲǿ棬ǷģĹճһ׭һۿȥϵķ׭塣ط׭һۿȥͲڰٵ
һ۾ô࣬Ҫϸϸǧֹ
뵽⣬㲻ɺȻ⵽ͷ֮ϾȻǧֹķ׭ҪԶԶܣ
ǸɿݵۿĹ⣬˷ܵĴ־˵ԣôôܶûдﵽǿסôͨ׵翼ģûдﵽܵǲͨŵռ׵翼ġ
Ǹߴˣǰ棡ˣðź⣬ԷȻһ۾ͿԼңһƬ׵磬Ȼ˵ġ
õʲô
վס׼ת뿪ʱ򣬶ԷȴŭһʱоһɿֲѹסоԼ˶ᣬƶŲѡ
ǸǰֻǲСߴˣдҪҼƽϣڨڨЦȴתβӳȥ
ôͨƬŵ׵ģ㡣
׵磿׵磿Ǿȵ˵ǰǲǼǴʲôһ·߹ûʲô׵簡
û׵磿þȲѡ
԰û׵磡˵Ҹո߹ʱһ·衣
ôܣҰ׵磬ѹھŵռУôʧ
оԷѹԼ΢΢һЩС̤ŽŲҪߡ
㻹ṳ̂һвҪǸһĺһ
仰͵ֹͣǰʲôЦֻɢɢ


632 ˭˭
ǰʲôԸתͷһãЦݣת
ȶҪת⣬ҲӣӲˡƺ֪˼ĵ˵һ䡣
Ȼϣǰ˵ЦˣֻǰҪ£֪Ҫʲô
ãܹ˼ɡصĲĶûаȫС
ҪһæͻȻ˵
ǰҪҰʲôãβӴܡ
ͣ÷Ц˵Ҫһ¡
ǸǰҾðɣ黹Ů˱ȽϺãǰǲǿҸŮˣСĵ˵θҺȴϵķ׵ıĵˡãֲؿζŲ档
һãҪǸŮáһŮҲǡ
͡ɷЦͣȻһ㣬ʤᡣûдﵽұ׼ԸСӣôһ£ܱң
÷򣡡̲סƿڴˣûԼһãȻҪӵ˻ôŮˡ
˵ʲôʧû뵽ǰϰȻҶŭȡ
ǶԲаһĻû˵÷ҪҪٴ꼸䣡һãҲҪӵ㲻ûƨ𣿿ˣģҲӣ÷ġƿڴͬһ㲻ϵĴĳ಻һһ㶡
Ƭ֮ȼһһյĿռŤ𵴣̵Ŀռ䣬ȻֻΪԷŭ𣬾ȻʼϫһĿռ֮Χ
ŭأһССϣȻҺͱô˵Ҫ꣬ĥ㡣
𺳶ԷʵȴԷҪɱԼˣҪǲĻǾ̫ԲԼˡ
Ȼǰ龰Ҳ㰵ԳԾռ䳱ϫˮľΪ֮ļ¡
ȥȥŭˣ糱ϫһĿռ֮˺ѿռ䣬ĺۼɨȥ
ף
ŭһ׵ڱֲ׵绯󣬱׾죬ķӭ⳱ϫһĿռ֮
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סԷĿռ䳱ϫ֮ǶԷԿռƿسԤϣϫ֮ϵıӿӣؿܻĿռ䳱ϫ֮࣬ڻ׵֮󣬻һСɺϡ
顭
һ屻ĵѪЩ̤һĽӡ֮ȶΡ
ףԷһľΪ׵ѧ˻׵
õ۾Ĺ⣬˼ֳȡ׵ռ壬ָҲ
޶ûʵܽ¸ոһȻȲϴܡҲԶܵǿˡЦҶȤˡ
˵ͬʱ糱ˮһĿռ֮ͻȻõڶԷռ֮ıõ£ǳˮĿռȻ۳һ޴ı̩ɽһ֮ǰ֣ܵĿռȻֹ
һɭصϢӿǱоƥС
Сӣʶһ¾ŵǬ̩ɽ
͵Ц£ת㱬ⱦط·𶼱ǣƵģһɲƥеѹѹǬŤתɱһͷ·ռ䣬ռһͷ
ܵѹɫ䣬ӡĽҪ۳Ӱǣѹ£ո۳һӰӣͱ顣
СӣĻˣܶ뷴ŵǬһҽԲĿռ䣬Ťת֮ƣأǬܰõѹƬ֮СģҲġͣдá
Է͵ĴЦЦ𶯣ѹһ֡ɫ԰ףĶţѾֲסˣ亹ʪȫˮͬϪһӿ¡
˿֮̾ͬѹһˣҪʩչֵȴָܶͬһһ˲䣬Ҫѹ
ŹúõվãͽãԷ͵ļǺȻ
ڶԷ˵ͬʱе̻̻̻϶ΪһƮ
Ʈ̻ͫϴ󣬺ˮѾѵ涼ʪˡ
޿ɿܣҪϣȴˡֻĿ̻Ķͷλá
СӣҪˣ
͵£̻ͼԺλáʱоԼԴըѰʹҡ£Լֵܵ
㾪ȴ걻ʱ򣬲ҽ֮Ȼ쵰Ϲ١ôⶫʲôףҵꡭ쵰ôֶ쵰
ϵĴ̻ҽûãոռԺ֮е̻͵˳
̻㷢ͷϵı˲ʧǹɿֲѹҲ˲ʧЩҪ̱ڵϣִǣָһЩ漤ȥֲ̫ˣá
˼Զ֮Żͷһֻۣһȴ͡ոҫǰƮһֻ̻ʱ̻Ѿ࣬·ϾҪϨƵġ
ͣ½ŲСĿ̻ʱϨ̻Ժϳһ棬̻Ժеһǣӡ˲Ͱ̻ѹסˣӡѹͬʱҲ̻׵ĺգ̻ʼĥ𣬸ոջҫ̻Ƭ̼ͺĵ˴룬룬ӳһЩ
뵽׺ӡ̲סЦԼû뵽̻Ҫռ
ӡʲô㲻֪ȴ֪綥֮һ
ʲô׵Ĵڣ
ҪȥսߵȨûб׺ɱѾˡ
㲻ΪԼոյĵĽǶЦʲô£Ͳᡣʲôˣ٣ǰ꣬Ǻܺõ֤
ȻʹˣҲҿ̫Ȼ֪ʲôֶΣԼһĿֲʱСΪǡ
̻û뵽֮УĿٴתķ͵㱼˹һ뼤׼뿪ȴ˴һ׵ľ룬ͲˣĽ£һ󷨣ٶ׵ֱһصķɢŹâþλԽԶɢĹâԽҫۡ
ߵԵλãѾĴˣҲ̤һصķĿʼƮϣһض
㿴һĻǰ


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÷׺ݺȴǰ̤һȷŶԷ߳ʱ뵽ոնԷ궼ɣԺ֮𵴲ϢҪֻոձԷ۸ȻԸĻᡣ
꣡һùõ֣Ǽܣֵɹƣһ˵ʬǣ㲻Ը⶯ǶɱԼˣɲ
ֻ꿴ʱˡǣҪ֪Ҫȶã
һԺ֮иոɻɢ𵴡ŸˣŵġЩ꣬ȻкôǣҪˣǶһв
üܽʱڴ֮еͻȻȵСӣɴ۾ţ
һ㶣Ŀ⿴áʱٴλصģصʱĹâҲʧ͸ոһģһ
ŵǬ
עУͻȻ仰ҪӣûӣôȵģϷ򲻻˺㣡
סӰֻЩСġ
Ȼ֪ʲôˣϹӡǲ֪ʲôףϣɴ۾ϷʩչһŵǬ㿴ŭ㡣
΢΢һ㶣׶Էʲô˼
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ĻȣȻһģĻ׭ǣءռȻõУĲϵıȻĻһռ䣬繬籦¥ءһж
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ͨȻͨкȻз˾ξˣڲС
ͬʱҲΪոյĿֲ𺳵ˣʼŸոնԷĶԷĶ̫ͬҲأ֮䶼ŵĺۼʱʮֳֻǿм䣬ȻĬĬĻ
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ڶ׵һҪֲ׵ϣûо㣬㻹ͬˡ
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ܵʱҲӿ޼ӿУ׵Ĵ£һ뵽ĵ֮С
ںȴ㡣ͼ֮У壬֮еͬˮһӿС
Ҫ˿һĻĻȻầȻޱȡޣҪҲֲĺ˰ɡƽ˽ޣ͵Ȳϣȴƣͼ֮еҲӿ롣
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׵һ£ԽԽֲȻҲԿɼٶСţ⿰
µ׵ԽԽֲ·ؾʣ׵ˣһж׵ģ׵£ҲѪģױӿĸࡣ
ͬʱҪע⵽ԺеĻܲԺҲһ̻̻鲼ʶЩ̻Ҫӡת£еһжѹ
ֻ̻ȻѹһֱͣĲ֮䣬ʶҲʼ
̻𣬵Ǵʱȴȥˣ̻𶯵ٶԽԽ졣
Ȼ㲢֪һУ붨Ĵ͸ոյĻ˲ͬǣָʼı䶯һӡӡͬʱָܼķģֻһգͱʧĸɸɾ
׵ĺûĶеӡɽţĳʧͬʱԺе̻𣬲ԽԽ죬ʶҲȡ


634 
ʮŵ׵ȫ£嶼Ѫģһ׵ܵһ׵£ǷӿڣԭѪģ壬ҲѪ衣
ϣصķĵ̳ͼתϢط׭ʱҲɣط׭ӣصϢ׭֮䣬ܸо屬ǿ
һ׵£ԭƱ鲼ٴλָԺУ̻ȴѣʶҪԺ
ǿҵĲھ㣬ʶǵ̻֪ǶԷ̾Щ̻ʱ̲סϲ̻ûԼĪΣǣҪΪԼõĻȻﵽĪĺô
תϢһԭ׵ףȻĳĶͷϣͬ֩һӶе̻ס״֮зϵĴЩ̻
̻еҪǿΪƷ׵״̻ٶȴǺܿ졣
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̻ԽԽ࣬ĸоԽԽǿңɵľ޴֣͸ɹӿʶ֮СоԼ꣬Ȼʶл
ǵú˵ǲһȫͬ˵ҳ꣬ҪﵽľҪߡ
оʶϵɴϲѵ̻ܽ۳Լꣿ
Ҫܱ۳ƿз츲صı仯׭Ƶҩĳ
رǵҩƣʱŴѵҩġҲǻĵҩҲõˡǷȱľƿҪƿŷԾЩǧ꣬ԼҩԳơ
ʱʵѾﵽޣҪƳЩʥҩʵٴȻͬҲʵ
Ľ겻νֲȻµѾĥ̫ࡣǣãǾеľ
ĽҪȡû뵽ӡԴɢʶ֮УʱǱ㡣
ʶ֮У̻ͬȪһ֫ٺһɹӿ룬꣬𽥵׳
һ˵꣬Ǵһطռ˴䣬ͬɢ˵ꡣֽͬţʱΣգлδӦֽžжϣΣա𵽵á
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һףǣܸоʶ֮л۶ȥʶ֮Уȵʼ۳һΡ
һ֣̻ʳǷӿ뵽֮Сԭͬһһ¾ɢ̻ӿ£꽥ʵʡ
ĽʲôˣҲһ׼ʣһһȴԶԶġңⶼǾ֮еľһľȫҲ൱ֲģ룬޷Լ굽׶ǿ
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ĴһǴʰ𽥾ǣȴֱӿΣֱӲ뵽ƷƷʵľꡣ
Ȼ㲢֪㣬Ҳ֪һƷľôʱ㣬ǳڷС
ڲõĽΪε飬õĺô
꾧Ө͸۾ͬӤһʶ֮Уɢ鲼ȫͨƱĸоÿһÿһ֮еƿضȴﵽһַ˵ĵزǰĶֲֻϵĲƽ
ڳ˿ǲ˼ģȴƾžĿƣ׵㡣
һ˿̻ѾͬĸеӤһ㣬۾ͬ붨йɹɢ壬
оžӨ͸壬и˵ͬʱȴҲ֪⻹ȫꡣУ϶ûвûС
ҪȫһƴĹ̡ܴ֮ﵽֵزѾʮֲˣ
ϣһѹ˵ıԴǸֻãҪȴҪ塣ͬԺͻԿԿƻûиְ壬ǵԱȴܱȻֱҲȫԡϾȻûͬĪɱ
ʶ˳㿴ŲϵʱһѾСһоȲѣһεȿֲȻԼһ㣿
㿴һԼȫѪ踲ǣһѪȫ䡣Ѫ֮ϳֵƤͬӤкŹתһ㡣ʮעĿŮ˻Ҫۼ֡
ʺȥСˣֹһһȭպݺݵĺ˳ȥռ˲䱻ķ顣ûжȴϲѡƾ׺ɱ
н׶壡̽Լʵ֮ȴ㵲ѡû뵽Լﵽн׶壬ûԷʱҲ޳׶ѣԷ꣬ԼʵҲһΡ
ڵͬӣȻֻн׶壬ȴһȭ޶塣ĽѩнףͲһ֮ˡ
ͨн׵ʮʮȵ벻ģ
ŵǬͨ
ޣĽǿռ֮ԵʣŵǬȴǶԿռƿأѧͨһپͰޡ
һǰãһŵǬҲ֪ѧ˶٣뵽磬ԾԶԶȲϡ
һ˼ջʱ۳еǿһЩҩˣȻԼ޶塣ʱԺҲˡֻҪܣԺˡ֮УȥǻǵȴڣͿԺˣ
ĵҩºͣõĻкֻ֢ʲôҩźã̫߼ҪƲһЩҩģǾҪˣ


635 ɱɱ
һƵҩʱʱԣЩҩĶҪǱһ֣ûߡ뵽Ľݹĵ̣վʵ
ԼĽݹֵ̫ǿǿ϶̽ԼĶҪǾ׷ɱĽݹĻ뵽Լ뿪һطƵҩﵽ޶塣ԾŵǬȫܴﵽ֮ﵽֻ֮Ҫ֣ܲԼͲκˡ
뵽⣬Ŀ⿴ǰãһָУƱĻĲϣȻԷԼŵǬⲻڸǶԷҪռȡʵ
ջؽָ֮ԭ·ءٴξһƬ׵ռʱЩ׵һãϾͬɦƵġ֮ǰȣٶȿ˲١Ҫ˿Ļܷÿһ̤̤ڿռߡϵ㴦Ϊÿһ̤ͬԽռһ㡣
ȥʱ䣬˲ʱʮ֮һ
һ·ۣԺɻζʩչľŵǬԺȫ趯Ӱʩչһ飬һȴҪѧᣡ
Ľ
һ·ǰ漤ʱһٴżִ㵺Թ޵Ľ㶨ۿȥĽѩĽѩһ·ǰ͹̵ԸĶǣѩ׵ļɢ欵ջʮˡ
׵гģĽѩȻǴǰĺ׵мģżʧ޶ôҽȥƬ׵ռ䣬׵粢ʵǿ͸ȥģǴܣͨ׵磬忸סҲҪƬ׵ռʵΣҪĳҲޣþ֤
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Ҫɱ㣡Ľѩҧгݣ˹ޱȫ䵽ϣһ־ǰԵƷ綾ߣ
ڤ粻飡Ů˻ҳ֣һһ˳һĳռ俪ʼϵӣܵȫӿ뵽ϣƴ֮һڣֱĽѩȥֱʣһڡ⹬ڱ罭ӱڣȣ𶯲񷡣
һĽѩ˲ѡһĽѩͱĵɳȥĹڣѹȥ˿ռ䡣
Ľѩܵİ֮кȻȴӲڵѹ⹬֮£ռȴһСһ㣬Ӳӵ
ܣ
ĽѩڣԲ۾㣬ͬӱڵôܱģǿһʮ
ܣܣĽѩʹŲšôҲţһЩˣʵȴȻǣԶԶĵز
ûʲôܵģЦЦ̤ĽѩߣΪצץĽѩĺ壬һֹֻĽѩ򦣬Ц֪ǿˣ᲻ˬ
Ľѩѱ¶֣һǿûʱû֣Ľݹ˲ǲ뵽һᱻϷ
ſңҪʲôĽݹ岻ŹģĽѩȻɫеľȴβס
ΪˣȻвң浱Һ۸ɣ˵ʱһƺݺݵĳĽѩƨϣžһһ꣬һѣƨɵ̣ͦͦܲеԡ
˵ʱٴһƺݺݵĳȥ
Ҫɱ㣡Ҫɱ㣡ĽѩƨɣߺͬƵͬʱҲ߳ŭŭ
ˣɱңһƳȥڶԷ̵ͦƨϣɱɱң
ɱҪǧУ
žһٴγȥɱɱ
Ҫɱ㣡
žɱɱ
ɱ
ž
ɱɱ
ɱ
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һһƳȥÿһƳȥһ䡣տʼʱĽѩѱԣҧгݵ㡣ǵԽԽСϵĺȴԽԽŨ
ҲˣҺòã
һµʱĽѩͻȻ˵һ㶡û뵽ѱĽѩȻᡣ
òãٴһ㿴ĽѩʱĽѩϵ̣룬ڣΡ
ûٳȥŽ޶˵Ůˣ̲סһɻĿ鲻ԽĿĽѩ⴦¶ѩл
תѹȥȴ鲻ԽĽѩę಻ϡ
šĽѩ۳飬۾лֱϣ̵ˮ΢΢һЩһĽѩƨɣЩɿ֡
ξͷŹ㣡´ΣҾͲˡڸεɫȵĵȴβѣһŮ۸ˣĶǿˡΪܳ꣬ǿǲ̫õġ飬ԸıȽϺã
ҲĽѩϻϻУ㲻ҾҪŮߣƲסǿˡ

Ľѩ㼸뿪ҧ촽뵽ոģ̲סࡣ
ĽѩһԼęʱоһɻʹ쵰ݣ
뵽ԼĸоĽѩͻȻЩգȻĳ£̲ס˫֮䣬ҲʪĽѩܽܵġͬҲĽѩĵԭ
Ȼ֪ĽѩʲôӰ漤ߡմһӰҲãңҲˣңεƺЩ򣬵һ˿ôץ
Ҫңε⣬Ȼŷ츲صı仯ٶȻٷһңβţ
ɽ䵽ĳʯϣһۿľȻǻͷֻʱĻͷͬʱĻͷȫɢɫͷһӡǣҲһǿϢ
оϢȻǸеƣ
ͷڵĴУɻ֮󣬸˵ĿŻͷ
ͷ֣ȴɫ䣬Сܣ
㻹δӦȴִ˷ӰЩӰΧλãһɹϢ
һĻ㶼ûзӦɻĿˣȴΧ˶ŭĿӣ
Сͷżĸ˵ʲôȴһߴϵӣĽݼҵˣαع


636 ݱ¶
СߣͷûйܶԷĺǳ⣬ɶ
ˣߣһλߵĺȳ£ʱĽݹܹסͷѻͷܳ߷Χ֪ȥˡ
һĻſʼܣܱ鲼ӣЩֳֳǹһЩӲǺǿ۳ɵĴȴֲڷԲڳһ޴ĹĤͬˮһڵĿռ䶼С
ͬһڹĤ֮У㡣Ϣ˼־ߣ͵Ҳ֮ǿĸǴﵽ죡
ĿתҲ֪Щ˶û⣬Աʱ㿴żЦλϣʲô
Ϊ׵һ̤ǰһ˵ϷĽݹִϣժ
Ǹϴˣ治˼Сʱ򱻻ˣʮѿ̫ժߡŴңЦ˵
޷ϷʥҩϷ˵ܰҽκãִ϶㵭˵
βãҡͷܾ
㲻Ľݹ˰ɣִͻȻ˵ٴŨ˼֣岻ǰʹǰĽݹ壬˵һǾ壬Ȼʩչط˺ѿռߡǴߵķ̽ҵ˿֤ǸпܽĽݹ塣ǲ㣿
仰оȲѣû뵽ǿֵزȻƾԼ˺ѿռ˿ȷԼµλáԼС˹Щǿߡ
ִϵһ仰ȴĵһƬȻаλӣǵԲ۾Ŀ㣬дżֲţȻֹˣ찡֪֪ʲôطǱĽݹҲҪǿĴڡ
ִϼ㲻˵˵Ϸѯʹͷӣ˵ǱүүµģʱˡңʵޡӦþǴ־ǸˡǺǣ㵹Ǵ󵨡֪֪Ѿ˱ɱɱܵõһƷ˵ͷֵͦǮģϷҲûоƷ
ͻȻЦִ˵ǰôȷң
ʱ״̬Լ¶ʵŰ˳ɿܾǸ꣡ǲǣֻҪȡϷȷˡִ϶㡣
ЦЦҲûΣְϵ߸˺ȻԷѾԼˣҲûҪˡ
˺¶ǵĻϵӣִ۾һȻ㣡ϷηȻȥ¡
ǰҪҵͷȥƷˣ㿴ִЦ
ûоƷƾ㲽Ľݹŵأ۶ֱۣҲŹ㡣ִ˵ȻžƷ͸ûзŹĿˡ
Ǻǣûиһ飡ЦеĿִ˵
ʲô飿ִϺɻʵ
ھɱ˰ɱޣͬɱ˺졣ĽݹҪңҪĴۣûи㡣㿴ŶԷЦ
һ仰һ˶ЦӸǱĲѡǼĽѩĴ򶷡ȷʵмʵҪ˵ɱ޻ǿܡǺ֮ҲǶֵġ仰һҲֻǵġ
ôţ㿴һЦ
ǲţǸͲܣִϺߵҵ֪Ϣǣѩʵ൱ѡʵȻʮֲҵҪɱ㣬ѣ
˵꣬˾̤ǰһϢĵѹȥ
ϣȴûеõϵĻظֻܿס˵ƣλϣûкĽݹΪе˼λһҪԸĻͱɱ䣡ҸɱˣѵɱĽݹ˲ɣ
ԲѣϷǿɱǣһƢ𱬵ϱ仰ŭŭȵȭͷ裬ѿռ䣬ֱĺȥг׷˼
۶ŶԷдżֲмŶԷԵȭͷûһ˿ľٶ
˼дһСǱɵ˻ĶԶԷмһˡ
ȥ
ϣˣһٶ͵һᣬȭͷ˲͵ĺһ˲ܰĺ飬ϵҲ¶˺֮ɫ
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ϵĿҪȭͷ䵽ĺʱȴ㵭˵һ䣬δӦ͵Ĳҽһ嵹˳ȥɫҰףѪҺӿ˳£Ⱦ
ףԷԼĽ޺¾Ȼûż־֮ɫǿԷľ磬ȻûɱŶԷһϽذʱŻȻԷûбԼɱ˫޵סĽһ
ǾˣҲܵشӿɹѪҺ
ĽɡСģѪǿͬ顣
Ľɣλ֮ڣԾע㣬𶯲ѡĽɣôģ̫˼ˣ
סΪ׵֮ϺĽɺԵЧɱһе͹ߡȻⲻǾԣһЩӵб⹦߾⡣ͬոӵϣ˱ܿĽľɱ绢ͷȻҲԶԶľ磬˵ĴУҲڱĽɱλӣĽҲŵֵ
˱Ͼ٣ˣĽ»ǼΣա
ȵȡλ֮λϻסȫʱͻȻһۣɱȼ͵ߡոյϣͣﵽޣнף
нףִϵԲ۾㣬˵ֻǰôͻȻﵽнף
Χһ仰һҲĿƵĿ㣬ǵǼʶʵѵ̶ʱ䣬ʹﵽнףҲֲ̫˰ɡôܣ
м㿴ЦôҪ𣿡
ߣʲô磬ͷҪʧ֮ŭԷʵȷʵĹ˼ɣⲢҪԼ˻ʰ
˵⣬һ˸ֳйĵ·ĵأһ֮
Ĺ𣬻۳ɾ޴ʨʨУȫʨ۶ȥռΪ֮Ť𵴣צ˹ȥҪһ˺ѡ
㿴һĻɫ䡣ʵȷʵм֡޵ĺ󹥻ǲӲӡӰһӰʧԭء
䡭
ʨצĲӰϣӰ˲䱻˺ѡվıһ޿ӣͬһļ¿ֲ
ߣִϺһٶȷʵͦ죬ŪôӪԸ㡣
ٴӰŹĤȥһȭݺݵĺڹĤ֮ϣĤ¡ֻ𶯣Ĥȴһļ̡޶ͷѵһȭȴûк俪ĽݹɵĴ
СӣӣĽݹĻԭ˴ġǧ֮û취ƿġӲˣ


637 ǰл
㲻а˼ȭȭȥĺĤͬʱԷҲצ˹ռһ·ݣĲڵ˵ߣʱʨ϶ΪһƵģ֮㡣
Ӱһ·µĲӰķ顣
ߣϼܿǵĹŭһ֮ӿȫ֮УŭһΪɿռ֮𣡡
ϵĺȳ£ȫ뵽֮СУȻŤϺ϶ΪһԭĲֹܵٶ͵Ľ֮УһҲӿֱȥ
֮֮ܽҿεסִϺһ֮ѾһΣռ֮ȫܰѹ
ִ˵оһĪѹ֮Ȼĺ죬ܽգǣռ֮׵ֵġ
㵲סձһĲϵĺˣʹǿҲѪϢ
֮ϼǺͨռ䱬㵲ס΢΢üͷҪǱ֮ĹˡǣȴӲжǿôǿܳ
սپ
ִҲٺսȥֱ˦طƱáռ֮ڶе·ٰһƵģ˷ȥƺƵ𶯲񷣬Ʊɫ
˿ֲʽɫҲ䡣Ȼû֣ȫʮɵ
΢۾Ҫ
ŭһָ㶯мһ㱬ɨ£֮ŭֱ߱
䡭
һҵľ죬Ŀ¶ԷһȻǿķҪ³һѪҺȥӰ趯أ趯֮䣬ΧĿռҲһ
ǬŤתõ
ĺ£ִϻ۵ļӲռ䣬ȻʼŤϵѿһϺۣڶϺ۵ĳ֣ŲŶϵ㣬Ӱбӳ˼˵İΧ˲͵˹ĤԱߡ
㵽˹Ĥ֮⣬ȭĤԶԶеҪǿȭûкĤ
Ϊ͵ס𣿡
ŭУһĳһĳ£ܵĿռȻ趯ռͬʴһ㣬ΧתռŤӣŹĤڵĿռں϶ȥһռںҲ趯
Ǭתˮ
㱬һĤʼŤתУʼϵߡߡ֮ĤһϺۣͿռںһߡͬˮԭ޷϶ĹĤڿռǣ£ѷ졣
²ȶһֹĽǶȣ̤ߡռѷ֮ϣѷ첻ȴһһ㣬壬ӰƬ̼ʹӹĤе˹Ĥ⡣
˿һĻһʧĿ㣬Ǵûм㼤ʱǻδӦȴǻᣬĽ޺ۼϱӿ籩ɨһͨ
ӰԶִȴĵԲ۾ͨŵǬôܣ˵ͨôһϡѵ
ִϵĻҲü˵ոʩչǾŵǬ
ûȻûбŵǬǴӸոʩչЧʮ֮˾ǾŵǬִϼᶨ˵
˳ĬŵǬ˵ĳһͨһͨʧ֮󣬾ʧˡǵõ˴еĻͷûܵõһͨǣȴõˣѵ˵Բ֮ɣ
һģҪȻôܴӰһ¾Ͳнףִҧ˵׷ŵǬһҪ׷ĽݹľԲС
ǣҲֻͨĽݹ塣

ңʹ£Զߡ֪Щ˲Źңʩչ£մһӰӣԶ˹ȥ
һ䣬ȴʮΡ廹óɱȻþƷͷǻô½ܶҪڴ֮£ƷĪջ󡣼ʹЩܣ¶סƷջ
һ·ۣҲܸоĵ׷
֪Ȳ߶ʮһѵҩƳ˵ʳĵҩﵽ޶塣Ժ֮ҲһսοžŵǬ˵ʵҲ˵
һ·䣬ȴѲ׷ɱˡ㣬㵹ǲ֡ĵΣҪԼϤĶࡣ
໡໡
㼤ͬʱͻȻһ쳹յĺСЩУ͵һЩִ֪ͨĽݹˣԮǰԸ
ģһЩ治Ҫϲ˶۸١ԼӳȥԼʮ˸ӣһһһĭǡ˶۸١
дͬʱٶȴԽԽ죬һ·񱼣ͣ
׷ִ֮Ҳŭѣٶ̫ˡǺҲ˿׷ޣû׷ãͱԷ׵ԶԶġ
ִϣҪдܶԸˡǵʵȻǿǶԷִӵĻվŵǬٶȣҪնɱҲǺѶȵ顣һ˵
дܲԸ֣Ƕ׷Ѱ龪ǣǡ
ִϻδ˵꣬ͬ˵Էͨ˵ľŵǬ
һ仰ִһ漴ͷ㷢ź֪ͨܡͨһҪõ֣Բ棡
ǣͬܿͷźš
ִһ·׷ɱ㣬ܿ͸оǰӰŤתϱߡִɫϲСǸǾ
ִͬҲϲ˵ڳһӵꡣЩ˾ͻˡԭҪɱġֻĽݹ岻Ը⡣ϾĽݹĵ̣ǽʲô飿ԣǾĽݹ֮⡣ɱͿͷǰƷ
ԭҲû̫ϣȴû뵽ײǹˡ
׷Сӽŵĵطִ峤ϹЦͬ˵ٶ͵һᡣ
Ȼ֪ǰΣգһ·񱼡Ŀ⿴ԶֻҪӳĽݹķΧڡҪ׷ɱԼѶȾҪǿˡһ汼ܡ
ģҴﵽܣһʰǡŭһǴʱȴòϽԶߡ
һ·ۣܿͿһؿڣǸؿϲֻҪؿڣӳĽݹΧҪԼҪѵöˡ
ٶ͵һᣬŹؿڼȥ̤ؿڣҪ¶ϲɫɫȴ͵Ĵ䣬ԭٶ͵ֹͣһ߶Żʹĺѡ
壿



638 ޴
վɫءǰͻֶǣҲû·
Сӣοӣ˲䱻˰Χһ۰ľԪ϶ݺݵ˵㶨ۿȥǵ׷ɱǸ֮
ӲˣǺǵЦ˵λþòˣ
ô˵ЩûѪҪ꣬ձ޴㡣
ǲ̫һЩԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬҿǴҾͲҪƽ֮ǰΣ壬ϴЦ˵
ߣԪϺһɱҾˣ
㻹δ˵ʲôһ仰ʹ˳ǺǣԪϣСӸոҲɱĽݹˣҲҪˡ֪ܸܲǣ
µģĽݹִҲС
ŶɱĽݹˣԪϾȵĿִϣ漴ЦȻˣǾһʰСӻǲ񣬾ȻҴ塣
ǾͶлԪˣĽݹĥʮ£ٽǾĹ塣ִ϶ŶԷһ񹧾˵
һžԪ˵ԪһˡôҲɣ
һ仰ִ΢΢һ㶣ŹֵĿԪϣѵɱһ֮ɣ
ߣԪһҧгݵĶ㣬⣬г˭Ӳˡ
ȻϣЦȵʱȻ֡һǵĴС
˵꣬Ӱ䣬еһǿ߱ȥֲȣա
ڤ粻飡ԪϺһһºһӭȥ
Ľ޺ۣ
ŭһߣĽ޺͵ļΧһ޶ȥ
ȳͬʱ㹥ͻȻҽһڵϢڵϵ˼¡
ﵽޣԪϵɴ۾Ŀ㣬ż𾪡ʱھ岻ǰ֮ѡڶԷʩչĽ޺ۣȻɱһޡǴľﵽޡ
㲻֪Ķأһָ㶯һ׵籬ŶԷȥ
еӶˣ֮ԪǰסԪϴԷĽ޺۾峢ԹԭΪֻǰܶԿǣԷѾﵽޡǾֻЩﵽĲŲ¶ԷĽ
֮֮ǵķΧͬʱĽݹ֮Ҳ䵽УСеŹ֣ٶȼ죬Ϊһʧһʰ
Ԫϵ˵ͷȻ֮Ըһе㶪Ƕ֪겻Գرʱֵܳһλߣǹ˼ɡ
һգռ˲Ť𵴣ټĿռ仯ذ㣬㸲ǶֲѹҪĹͷѹ顣ͷŵɿֲѹ̲סŭһΧԼŷ֮ҲӲȥˡʱԿһͳˣܶʤ١Կûһᡣ
ģŭһҪѹ̲סҪû塣֮⣬벻İ취
䡭䡭
ǣռѹ㣬һ޴ĺ֮𣬿ֲѹѹϥǶЩ
ԼĹͷѹĿʱ򣬺ϵĶô䵽أ֮Ը㣿ǿ㣡
ϲźϺϣ˵ˣϽְɣҪȻõĵӾˡ
ţ
һһӿأᴩ񷣬˲ѹµ顣ֲķ飬±֮Զ
ڳˣ
Ԫϴϲ꣬һˣˣ
ֻǵĺϣʱɫ͵һ䣬δüӦ͸оǿļѹصϢԶӿɫ۵վ˺ϵĶ档
ǿߣϵɫһٱ䡣
ͬųֵߡôҲû뵽ԷȻ˴ܣǳ׵ĴڡѾǲͬһȼһ£Ǹǲ׵ǣܾȻǰԸˣ
ˣԪָߵĺ˵Ӧһλߣϣλ˰ˡ
λֵĴܵ˵ͷҲϻһݺݵ˹ȥȻȰϸˡ
һûκλΣһƶȴ㾪һƲûжƣǺȫһһ£ﶼʧƵģµľⲻİƣһЩΪġŸоκһһ¶߽⡣
ԸһСҲô֮ǹҪģϺһվǰһҲ׵ɨ˳ȥԷҪݻһеһƣϵ£һ𣬾ʧһɶһ۶ûг֣
ףôǴܣԷܾȵĿźϣüͷ⡣
ĿֱֱĶźϣڶ˺һ֮ͻȻɴ۾ڵ壿
һ仰ֻоԼϢҲȻɴ۾ĶźϣдźȻ֮ɫ٣оҪ˺һ㡣
ܣܣôܱܵʵԭҪǿܱʹҡҡͷĿƵĿźϡȻвţԽǿϣԽ塣
ܶһۣ˶Էеľһܱʵ꣬ԭöǿ
Ȼ֪ܲϵ껹δȫָΪʥƷԵʡָܻ߰˳ɡȴҲȫ߰˳ɵʵҪ֪ĻȻӾ
˾֮ϾͳȵĶźҪܵõĻǵֵزֻҪ깻ǿ廹ȥ
뵽㣬ðŻ⣬Ķ㡣
ǳְסǳֶԸ˶ź˵
ϢѺź˵ϣܶԸ𣿡
һһֵܵȴܳʱҲȫӵеսֻʤļʡңսҲ˼ɲ㡣
仰΢΢üͷһ֮ǿӦǣ֮ҾԲӦˡ
Ȱ־ܵĺáǵ꣬ҪˡܹЦ
˴ЦʱһͻȻƾմͬʱһɾƳʲô壬Ȼλ̨ôϲСһݣ
ܣɫ䣬Ŀ⿴ӿĵط
ͬÿֻܺʤĻᣬܺϼͲʤˡ
ģŭһź˵ϣô죿


639 
ĽݹĴ֣ܳĿͼеϣдųȡ
ǺһؾĺöĽݹ嶢źϹЦ
ϼһҲˣȻϲȴȴûб¶̫ĿܡϾĽݹĵطܽԷҪһҲû취
ܳΰͺϰΧû˿·
ϣô죿ź˵
Ͽһˣһ˵ҪʰԸûô򵥣Ҳѹƺſǡ
ҪԺʲôӰ죿ź˵
ںϣҵ겻ܴﵽԲ֮˵һ䡣
Ĭ겻ָܻԲϽָһʵҲָ۷壬ո޿ٽһң겻ָԲҪָҲѡ
ͰѺϵˣȻԸ⿴ֽźҡҡͷ˵Ѿ׼Щ˹һ񡣡
˵οͬʱֶҡҡͷɷִ磡
η̤ǰһס˵ȵȣ
ţɻĿ㣬ȴӽָȡһƣƣ۾Ҫջȥȴߵǰ棬ƶ˵Ҫأ
ܼȻ˵Ļһ֮ͻȻЦһ׵˶ѣȻҶ˵Ļ
ЦҲû⣬һ֮СԴ׸ƵʱȻû˵ʲôġ弫
֮ʱŹâƷͼϣһ֡
ֳ֣ܿռ䱩ƵķӿͿռ佻һһߣ飡
ԭмĴЦ͵ֹͣԲ۾㣬ڣңʲôˣ
ڶԷķӦ˿⡣ֻҲ֪ԼơƽӽԴ׵ĻУժҵĵ˲١ҵҵĵȻѳתƵϡӶעƽˣССߣЩȻĹСҪԵΣգ֪
ȻҲ֪ԼݣҲܸĪ塣ڣ㶯ƣ뿴ûеΪУ
裬һ㣡ܼһĻɫǰ˼֣˵һƣų飡Դڻ壡ƣų׼ƣҲƣִƴţңͬܽŴƺң
ǣôУѵ˵ҵ
ͷ͵һԲ۾Ķ㣬ò˼飡ʲôôܻ
ŻѪڹ֮УҲ俿ǰĴڣ⣬ٲ½飡ⰲȻڵļ壬ֲֿġǾȻҲǿͬǹ֮һǺȣȴһȼǹеĻĻֻһ˿ûпɱԣ
˲һۣоʮּ֡ɱǲɱģ
ʲôЦҵУҾƢٺãҲٴĽ;壡ǿɲΪסң
ģôһдĶźϡȴ壬ҪĻ֪ܽʲôΣ
ɱɱһܲ°ɣѵΪһģ˿ϡ
ϼĿ⿴һеƣεҡҡͷóƻܱȫˣǴҪ߷Χԭڵʵײ˵Ҳˡڹ֮Уʵȴҵĵô࣬˵ðһǿȰˡ鲻ǲܷǺпܣ
Ȼ֪ʲô˵ǶκһĽݹ嶼֮
һ仰ɫʮѿΪܡȴһǿëûвǽܵˡǣܲҲҪǿšһȻȴܲ˼
ĽݹִϼܾȻһ仰˵һеʲôȻôܶ˼ɡ
ִ̲סǰѴ˵ˣɱĽݹӺ;ˡ
Ľݹܿһϣȴû˵ִϼˣֻٴοڵ˵ľŵǬ
ʲôĽݹĴܵԲ۾Ŀִϣ˵ĵ棿
̹ȻûһһĿֲǣȷȷʵʵǾŵǬִϺȷ˵
һ仰˵Ŀⶼеϣϡ
ѧ˾ŵǬϵ㣬ż־ȡ
ûκϣҲ֪ѧûѧᣡʩչһѧʵѧ˼Ҳ֪
ϵͷúĥ
ŵǬʲôú㶼˾ȣźϡ
һͨͨǳԽĴڣǴʩչֶΣһҪͨضҪﵽ֮֮ͨͨҲʶǵĿֲƾһɵɱǿߡǶĴڣԶţһҲ˾֮Ϊ顣
˵Ľݹλ˴ﵽ֮ͨɵĿźϣҪﵽ֮ͨĽݹΪĶ֮һˡ
ǾŵǬһֻͨдﵽ֮ͨʩչ֮֮ͨҲﲻһܴﵽ֮ͨĶڣ㵱صʥ廪壬֮ͨҲŴ붥ǿ뿪µָ֮ͨԣ˵һûпʩչͨǣһЩͨȴҪﵽ֮ͨʩչУŵǬһ֡ĽݹȷʵţԴ۲ʵĴһͨϲ޸̾˵
˵ŵǬûоƣǷҲʩչͨ㿴ź˵
ûƣͨƼ΢ˡϣǺܶ˿ʩչġ϶˵벻ӵⶫڵǻǸˡ
һ㶣ܡȻĿȵĶ㣬̰֮ɫʱеƶǵСˡ
ڶԷķӦҲ⡣Ͼ֮ͨʩչͨҪƿءﵽĽһһľ磬ǵʵôֲ
οҪǼôͨþӲҵ׷ɱ
Ȼ֪ҵʲôˣŵǬȷʵĽݹ֮ô˵СĽݹܶ㡣
ҪɱˣֳƣЩٻŭĽݹˡ
ĽݹܳĬһ˵ҵķϣ㽻ŵǬұ֤Բ̸˾ŵǬҾһ
仰ЩûһĭȥģôȥԼһ֪أ


640 ǰ
ΣǴӦǲӦĽݹܶ˵
ͻȻЦžλ˵ҵûʲôλǰʲôҾͲ֪ˡ
һ仰ĽݹĿ⿴ˣȴվǰһЦСɱ̫ľˣӦдã
ߣĽݹ֪˴ʲô⣬֪žŵǬȻҪõ֡ΪܣǶͨ
λĽݹĵϣӦǴĽݹܵ˵
Ľݹ壿ؿڲĽݹ壬ؿĽݹʲôϵܵ˵ɱҾ˲֪һҪȥ
㿴аϲһŵǬҵԸ⽻Ҫ˭վߣҾͽ˭
һ仰ܶ㣬ĽݹܸǺһСӹƶˣǲŰɣ
ȻܴɱǾˣƾ㣬ǾͲܰҲգȰϷˡĹΣ
ô죡Ľݹܵͷ
ٴβĶǣɫһϣеĵǡóãѵֻúȫ
ɱ˵˵꣬ǰһ磬źɱȥ
ܱƺεȿֱֲƱɫֻ֮ʣ񱩵Ȼ˵Ʋ㣬ɢನ̩ɽѹһ㣬Īѹ
ɫ䣬״ǺεȿֲĿ⿴ϣҲ¶֮ɫ
㵣ĵĲǺϱϷ֣ϾȻ˵ȫܵסˣȻܵסֻϲѹĺָԲǺϽֻһˡĽ㲻ܽܵġƫƫûа취赲
Ȱ˺ѣ
źϳ֣̾һ¶ɫ֮ҲﲻԲˡΪָôࡣף֮õҪĶò׻ֵָزȴҪȫٵˡ
ҲգվɱܣĶܣ֮ǡ
һѣɱǡܱЦվȹϷ㡣
ߣȫ治ܷ
ں׼ֵʱһԶƾǣϷֺϣôĿ
µͬʱһأֱֱĳ˶ȥֲĳɫ䣬Ǿ֮ɫӱ˳ȥǣǻСԽռľ룬ĺؿϡ
类شݺݵؿڡһѪҺ³ˣϰףӲŲվ
ͬʱ˴̤£ͬͥһ㣬ֻǼľ룬ߵǰ
ûۿӣĿ⿴еƣ̾һ֪֪óĺ
һĸףɫҲЩӣջؽָ˵ͷ˵֪
ô˵ӵ˵ͷϣһϣ
ããϹЦԭΪ޿ܴﵽԲˣ벻ǳһΣǷһ顣
ȴ֮ˡҲϲϵ飬ɲôõõġ
ʱҲ̤ǰһЦֵĻ湻ġȻܵȥɱˣΪԼ޵аЩϼһʮҲɱҺãξ㣬ǵõϢϹҪȻһ١
ڨڨЦҲǱƵģ
˵仰Ŀ⿴ϡҪǱƭôܵȥ
ҡҡͷֻ֪Ժӿɲᰲ
ƲƲǰЩ˶ɱˣû֪ˡ
һ仰Χ˶ɫ䡣Ŀ⿴򽭿ܺʵֲ̫һͱܣǵʵжǿ
ĻҲɨܵһۣ漴˵ʱɱڲڸһСЩߣȫܻԭʵ
仰ΡֻʼֻԺ鷳ˡ
ܹЦԴǻСӣ㵹Ƕ˼ֵСӽ£ôҲӦ
뵽ԴҲһЦȰǽЩ˵ɣոǿǽлҪɱҡҪϷֺϵ꣡
㵣Щ治֪֪жֲ𣿲֪ǰһˣԼҵڶǷĪ飬֪Ŀֲʹ֪ϵжǿֻʣ壬ҲǴܹϷֵģûлУţ
ȻʩչҪ۵ģԸԸʩչ˵ˡ
ŽܵͷǶɱˣ
ǣ磡ܺȻһЦĿ⿴ߡ
ܼĿ⿴ǣ¶֣͵ĺոնԷֻһˣԱ˵ʵӶԷܹϵȷҵˡ
廹ǹ󵨣ҵҲ׷ɱǾ棬ҲҪһܿŶԷЦ
ɫ˱䣺ˣҵȲɱ˼ֻɱҾˣһѣ
ܵ˵ҪǾ嵽Ҫɡ
㡭ŭɽܣ뵽Էʵվ
û˵˰ɣȻǶȥɡ˵
仰ԭ׼Ĵ̲סˣδ̫̫ˣ
ܴЦҾ̫ҺΣ
㡭ŭŽܣŶԷŵĻ޲ȥ
ҪǲԽĽݹ;ǰ鷳ҵĵô࣬ҲںܰԵ˵ڣҾ·
Ӱ䡣ԶӴܣ򼲳۶ߡ
ܼ״żֲмΪ𣿡
µͬʱһץԭˣӰ͵ͣܵشֱֱĵա
մﵽܶѣһָһ㣬˵յ͵ıըѪɢأѪζ˵꣬ʱҲмҪӴܡ
͵һգԭӴܵ꣬˲䱬ѷ飬ɢ֮С
˿һĻһŽܣ·һ㣡찡ǾηȻôһԷ׶ǿ
Ѫɫһ
ɱ֮Ŀ⿴򼸸֮Ҳϻһ˹ȥһ£ռ綾һ䶯֮ϣҽжûɢͱܺѪ⡣
Щ˱Ѫ֮󣬽ûм֣ǿһֶۣһ˵ȥ߾Ľݹ壬Ҫǲҡ
ŰԵĻ㶵ĿŽܣ֪ұеĻҪǿ˲Ҫεʵ


641 
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ûлʱ䣬ʹ㵽һŶһŶȻ󣬵а趼ʮֵľ£õĶҲŨ
û¹ĵġȵɣܶЦھȻﵽнףٸһЩʱգڹһУҲŵϺˡ
һתźϹл϶С࣡
ҡҡͷЩͲҪ˵ˣΪӵܵϢȻᴫȥʱ嶨Ȼ֪ǵҼĶӣܶ˻ϡʵޣ׵ܺߡڹ岢ʲôЩϹһ־ɱ㡣ôģ
ϵĻʵԼô룿
ʼ֮η壬׵Ĵܣȴ
ʱҲҵģֻҪٸʱ䣬˵ɨ£ԱûġǣԷ᲻ʱ䡣
ɫأ˵ͷͻȻ˵ҪȻȺһҡû˸ɱȥɱ㣡
ȴһʵҵһõıѳΪĶӣҽʵЩϹ⣿Ҫǲ⣬ǻôҲõɣ
̾һҲĵģֻҪңɣһжҪЩϹģЩϹŸԴǿʵеͳȻҲעϡ
ĻҲĬʱĽԴȻʵȴʱЩϼһĥŪ
ϵͷ˵Ϊ峤а취ֹЩϼһЩ𣿡
ҡҡͷȻΪϣҲû̫ķȨҪΪҪʵн׵ʵ翴Ѿ൱ЩҵϹ￴̫һЩĵλǻŸְ취ʵڣɿԡҾΪˣҡվˣǻȥ̳˼֮λ
һϷǲûɣҲŷĥҵĵǣǹӶϲõͳȱ֮ʽڱĵȷʵдáȴ޳ɶҲ
˵⣬϶˶٣һ˵ϣ߳δ߳һȱ֮ͳ֮ڻߵ˵ǰ档ֻ֮ԽԽ
ͷ˵Ҳ֪㣡Բ棡
ʱ磡ǰҾûӦðȥǵĻȻûм߳һһӶȱ֮ͳ֮ʵµĺ֢룬ﵽ֮ǰͲõ㡣ǰΪԼĻܴﵽ֮𣿡
仰˵Ŀⶼ򽭿ܡͺ϶һۣ漴Ŀⶼ㣺㣡ô
֪ľ֮ˡ
˵ڴУʼЦ⻹ѡ𣿣˵ʵҲ֪Ժܴܲﵽۣ᲻³ܵͳµĺ֢ǣЩҪģ˵ֻǲϲСʵѣ˰ڲûɵˡǺǣɢˣҪȥӣһﵽҶȥ
֪ԼԸǰҵĹ־ɵģܵ˼ģ
Ļͺϴ㵵ĶһۡǵĵԺ󣬿ȴԼڡ
ǰôźϣԸңǾֻϾǰ֪ҵĴǺܶ˶Ŀע⵽ϡ
ϵͷûֱӻش˵ϴǸϼһҵĶҵ𣿡
˵ͷѾ˼ûй
˵仰ʱ̲סЦһΪ˵õЩٴ˼УЩڶ̲סƿڴΪȡһЩ˻ص塣Ϊ˺ҪĶҲ֪˶ĴۣҺİҪҾ֮ģҪ忪ڣҪ⣡
һЩÿһ顣
úúãϹЦ˷֮ɫҲû뵽ҵϼһȻȫˣǴָֽһ
ģź˵ǰ˵ǰҪЩ̫죬ǰȻʵھܳЩȴѰҪûǰˮһգڽǰСһ߲Ȼָ˵ȻĴԻָʵһʹﵽ㵱ˮ׼
ϹЦϼһﵹм֪ϷҵĶҪôֲܳܡ
˵ǰҵĶ֮ʥƷĶǰںʹϹŶ嶼´ࡣǣǰҪҪϹˮͲ˵ˣѾԶԶںϹĹˡҪû´ĻǰҪһߵɡ˵⣬˶ټ˵Ϲ嶼ѵһǰںϵ壬ֱǰΣȰǰǷⲻʵʵ뷨
˭ǣǲʵʵ뷨ϴЦ˵˭ǣҲ壿
һ仰ͽܶĿ⿴ϣдżɻ
ֻ㣬۾һź˵ϣ㲻Ǵɣ
϶˵ôѵһֱָУ
Ĭûϻһ߻塣㣬㵹ûʲôܡţϣҪǺϳɹĻҲһ̬ϣĻԻ͡
ǣһ߻ôֲܺһںϣ
СӵǲԸϡֻǺоܺϣȻһ壬ǿҲʶϵںҪܵĻǺ϶ȫˡ㵣ĵ˵
ĻĬһȻ֪˵һһߵ˿϶ﵽֲΡҲ˵ԷԼ۷廹ҪǿԼϣҪȫܵĻԼҲֻлһ·ߡ
һڣϿ㵭˵ĴڣʹѾҲ飡ҪĿܵĻ˵ҲԸ壡Ȼûи֮ҲǳͷҪǽҳɹҲŶԷңҲİã
ϵĻûм˵˵֪Ѿ˾ģмְգ
ҪԸںϣɣҪǲԸ⣬ǽҲң
һĬſҪ˵ʲôȴһ仰˵ڡ
ʱҲüĿˣ˵һ㣬̸ʲô˵˵ʲô


642 
㣡һߵóǿ϶˵
ͷŶ֮У¶Ưǰ֣ռһº͵ʮȻºͣȻͬرӦġ
ĵ壡
ϲͬǣͽܿһĻȴԲ۾㶵ע㣺ôŪֵģ
𺳣һ壬ûʲôġǶڴﵽ˵һ۾ܿ͸еһ;գȴ˺һһ㣬ȻĸоͷϢɢطºͣȻĵǺϵĵﵽ磬Ȼ߳һ
˶һۣʹ۾лŲţû˱Ǹ˽⻪ĿֲͬҲû˱Ǹ˽⻪Ļ
ǻ壬ҲָЩ޲ǿǿߣĿǿߣǵͲ˵Щ֮ͨ˵õϢ¶ͷԡ
У
Ŀ⿴һ߻壬Ŀ⾴ηҪֹȥһѡȴҶ֣ˣҲһܽӴģ˿ɣҪŲľٶ⻪ɱ
СôģڵĹѨȻ֮ءʵҲܽаȡȡ壬ȻܻúúõģûбɱĿƵĿ㣬ⲻòȡ
ЦЦûΪ˽ʲôҪͣҲͲͨѵԼܸǣԼǻˣԲܵõһ壿
ϯʮºͣŵĺۼĲϣԼľ˲٣ʵȻҲųַ֣һ仪ǾηһɢŨصϢҵʵǵ壬ÿһ磬ÿһ˿ŵĴڡѹֵ屻ƺΪ֮ƷʥﶼҪ󣬿Ա֮ˡ
ڣҪ˵ҲΪϿյ嵭˵
ͷ˵˵˵Сӻִ֪磬Ҫ֪лĵ壬ңסҺãû¶ֻǰҪûĵ׶༪٣ǰȻǿҲṳ̂һɣ
ϲɷãҲشĻ
УָܶǼҲмأǿһߵ壬˭ģͻȻʵ
΢΢һ㶣´һߵ壬漴ҡͷ˵Ϊأ
֮УЩĪʧǿ߾Ͳ˵ˣ֮ܶߣ˶ѣ˷ֱǱʥңʥ΢۾ʥԼŮԣȻǣʥ£ʵͲϹŵһֻ洫ڻ壬ȻҲǡ΢۾ǻ峤廹ڻŵصСڻ屻֮һŭɱϳңΧ˶ʥΪԵɢºȻϢǾֻʣңʥԣңʥһ˸һѧңΡ
ϵ˼ǣһߵңɵģ㣬漴ֵ˵ͷǲܣңʥֳƺΪɣΪΪȻǺһߵ֮
ңʥɽˮЩαʥһսδ֪ʱ򣬻Ѿ𣡵ʱŭֽɱѪɺӣαʥĺ˵Ȼαʥ֯˲ٿǿǰȥΧɱңʥңʥң̫죬ңΣЩ˸ΧɱֱҲֻǱαʥڶǿ߻ˣӵˣûɱֻһ֮ҲûϢӦˣ
˵⣬һҪҵҺⲻǰʥĵ壬ҪȻϷ붼룡ΪȻңʥǻмֳɹĿܡЦϾҲŻѪ
ǰҲŻѪ֪㾪ȣȵĿź˵
ǺǣлѪϷͲӵУЦҪ˵ѪںϷǻҪŨ񼸷֡
˶ɻĿ⿴ЦЦ˵ǻȥǸϼһ֪ˡ
˵ҲüȥǰĿ⿴Цϧңβɵ֮һҪȻҲõˡ
ңͨʱֻѧѣҪʩչͨȴܡʱܻгɾ͵ġ˵ҪȻңʥҲᴫˡ
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ǸҵĻȥ˵
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ҲΪˣǿ߼ࡣҲ֣޵ÿ쾭սǿҪɱˡϽǿߴ඼Щ֮˶û˵ͬǿߺɣǴܼҲʱսϽܵĳ֡ҲǱ¶׵У
һ֮أ
Ϻܼᶨ˵ϽѾСˡҪҵʵﵽޣߵﶼ˲ĿЩʮֺҡϽͲͬˣǸطÿ춼ڽɱ¾ðͷǿ߲֪˭ע㣿ҪѶҪǧٱ
˵ֻʵϾޣϽҿɽɵģҲҪﵽ֮㵽Ǳ߻᲻̫ΣգҲ֪Свסһʵ͸ɱʹȥϽ֪ǳĻҪǵǵǡ˵仰ʱ򣬲ɿһۡ
ܵĻɫ˺죬Σ׵ʹʮҪǽֻܵ·һ
ҪǲҪ͵ǱŰɡ˵
ʼλģʵܺгģ˲ңһ㲻ȥǱ˵ġ
仰Զӡ
Ǿأ˵
㣬ô˵
Ǿȥ£ν˵ɱֲǲң
㵹ǲģҸһЩĵҩԼʵ޶塣ٽžŵǬȫԴﵽ졣ﵽֻ֮ҪܵǿߣͲˡ
ڴܣĴڣǸǿ߱ĵطҲһץһѰɡǿߣٵġԼСһЩǻĺġ
Ǿôɣ˵ѡһʱҰ͵ȥϣأ
⻹鷳㣡һطҲ½ںһߵ塣ɫء
֪ͷŽ˵ܣЩ˾ͱ㡣Ϊϻ



643 仯
ҲֱӽӴ壬Ҫסֳһף뵽ϵ֮СҲǺϣϵ㽻ڹΣҪǱ˵Ļ׸ͲСʹϵҲޡֻȴ㹻ˣװ壬Ϻһ뿪˶뿪֮ȻҲͽžǵķȥȻԸ˷ʱ䣬˺ѿռ䣬ռ䣬Խռȥ
£첻ʱ䣬͵˴ǵ۹ǡ˾֮󣬽ܾͰ㶪һԣǰʹ
ȥʹߣǻʵ۵Ĳ軹ͦúȵġ
Է˲Ρ̲סŭһһʲôʱͻʵôˣѵǣ˼Һ󹬵ӣ
ԽԽܣ̲ס̾ϢһԴԺ㱯ˣ˵ָһСܵ裡
з̰һ󽭿֮Ҳ첽ŵȥȥҪ⣬ҲƵҩʵ޶塣
ְְ֣֣㻹δһĻϤĻתͷȥһһſһѰСŮס͵һڣСûѽ
ᣡһϵĿˮ˵ְå˼ҡǸСһģ
ǺǣС˭ɻ
һСƨˣ꣬Ȼ˵ҪȢң˵ҲŲСƨء
Щûһˮ˳ཱུЦáС㣬˼˼Сƨ
һĨһĨģĨĺģ͸죬𲻸˵ĻȣཱུĿɰŵСĵһ£Ц˵˼ϲǺ
ҲŲҪϲ˵СС;֪ˣå˼ˣ󻹲֪໵ءߣԺһξʹһΡ
㺹գͬɰСŮ˭̳ġ˿ɰСŮһŮˡ
ְ֣ԺˣȻϲְף˵ְåԣ㻹ǲҪˣ˵˼ұϾСƨܱåռˡ
̲ۡסһĭ˳Һ㷴Ӧ죬ܿû絽ϡ
ֻϵЦҲƲסˣЦԣԣĺˣѾˣ
˼ϾҪˣֹһ
㱧Ŀ⿴Ůŵݽ֫ϸɫȹյխխģزȥʡŲӺЦ˳ۿȥ͸ϡȹٸ޳Ĵȵ״ס첲ûбȹȫ¶Բѩ񼡰ļ򣬽ӺЦ֣ƺŴڣӹɢһɽ˷ϣ޹ǡ¼޵ٸ
ŵ㣡ûĿ⣬Ŀŵϴ˵ĻļԼ͸ջ壬ЦĽһ䡣
Сһʲôʱģŵգ˫ˮӣգ֮䴺ڣǡĿųȵϴЩκ죬һڣûе˵ʲôѾϰֲͬ˵Ĵ󵨳ȡ
Ҳ֪ŵǲϬոջصǣͱ㷢ˡʼ磬¶һõЦݣĿͣŵǰ˶ظ·㵣ŵ֮·ƣ¶еİ廬
Сһ۾һ㣡ҪȻ㣡ŵڵֵȵ񣬵һ۴żв˵
޹˵ŵ㻹ҰɣǰҪǲĻݵġֻǻңҪҲᱻĭ
ŵһۣ޶ˣĻƭŮӡôλʲôϴӼҵĸۡ˭ҵģ
һЦ¶ֲֵɬոҲ⡣롣þûʲôطҵģΨҵĵطңŵȥѹկˡ
СһɫĲСŵǰһԴЦҵ㣡Ҫ£͹Ұɣ
ŵܽŵŵϴ㣬ˣܹ˵ŵ΢΢һ㣬ܸܴԷдľ˵ԣĵ̲ס
Ŀ⿴ŵ͸ٸŮ㲻òöġ
ˣǲȥŵˣҪǰŵѹկˣԺǲ˼ȡˣѧ˼ҽݲؽԻ޶ȣﻹǵ顣ҡͷ˵
ŵЦһԴ˵ҾͲң˵Ȼ
ȻһЦҲͣһֱֻ˵ŵմӵɣܲҰɣʲô𣿡
ŵԴ˵۹ðһ󣡴ɱ˲پֵĻ̻̣
Ŷ˭ô󵨣Ȼӽ£оȣû뵽ڿʼˡ
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ѣЦŵ㲻ΪǰĻ˰ɣŮȻҲ㲻Ӧòǰɡ
ѼǵõͦŶҵˡں׳˼Ҷ㲻мһšŵЦôڻⰡ治ɬżֳˡ
ţֻڿŵ㡣ܾûǰŵ㡣ЦҾð飬ŵ㻹ǲҪʵĺáЩҲʲôöǹҧҲ
ŵһۣüһζҪʱپǣðġҶΪ֯ġ
кȻһЦ⻹֯ģȻ˦ƹ񡣿Ǻΰı˭á
Ȼǲ㣡ʼŵĲ°ɣȽˡ
ɲԸŵ̽⡣жںΰȴ̾ѣ밵ڵ۹ˡǿʼˡֻҪƣǾӵԴԴǾһǿߣܳɹģ
ڵ۹Сķչ½ϡǰɱɱ˾ɱɱ˾ˣ
ŵԴ˵ʱҴ̽£ҪǰҳˡҸ㽱
ʲôЦҪǰŵΪңҵǿǰ̽һ¡ҪȻĽһûջ
СһɫĻǲŵЦ㣬Ҫͳȥõæ⾩²֪Ըҡ
ŵұȥɡ
ŵЦҲգҪܰҳҾͽô



644 һĨɫ
ŵֿ󣬵˵ȥʺһ֮ĲɣЦߡͿˣ˼ͷɵȥˡ
㱻˵Ҳûв˼һյסϹȥ
ߵڵԺӣչŵķšҲûж룬־˹ȥ̤С
УԶ㶵Ŀǰ档Ϊ֮ʧ
һȫӣѩϸĴ޼ɵ¶ڿУԲ˫ȼ䣬һɫڿ㣬Ȼһɫû˱ѪһС۵ˮƣ۾΢΢ƣѾŹģظ£²ûȫǰס¶Ƭѩ׵ѩϡܿǾǿͦšŮ˫һ׼洩ǣû뵽˴
ŮͻȻ꣬ʧԶ¶Ըеǣ㶵Ŀǰ궢Ŀת
Ƭ̵ʧ֮ڷӦһ͵İ·ϣץһԵ·Ҳס糺һƬڶ
Ǹߴˣˣ˵һ䣬˳ȥżҪߵŮˣ㻹ڻζոһĻķջ
ôߵѵķֹһ̰˿һ֮˳ȥĬĬĹš
һܺ󣬼ǰڵۡסķ䣬㲻ֹ԰ǶСסķ䰡ѵСˣסˣ
ɻʱȴһϤѣôˣոսʲô
С˲֪˭
ûûʲôѸϽ˵ߵĺƺ֪ĻýԷɻֲһ˵ոţڻ·˴Լһ
ռȷʵ·δãҲŵûжãѵַˣѣȽȥ·ãȥſǲŵˡ
Ҫӣ˵Ͻݱȥռߺ죬ƵĽݡֹ˼䣬Ҳûжʲôߵȥš
㵽ݵѣ뵽ոռȫԷˣ巢̵Ĩһ糺죬ҧгݵĵһ쵰
ؿڣоĶҪˣҧ촽䡣
⣬ǽڸոյһĻУŮ˴ǺɫģȻһ
뵽ոյѪ棬оЩȵġ
׼űӵʱ򣬷ȴˣ߳һഺŮվŵˣ΢΢һ֮ϾžЦգ˵㻳У㣡ʲôʱģ
ְձסĿ⿴ЩûмŮȻŮһ仯
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ע˫˷вתܿüˮϷۻĨƵ죬ĵ˹棬յ˲԰Ρ
ܵеഺ壬Цջûã갢̾ˡ
Ŷձ㱧ţϤζֱЩ֡һ£̧ͷ㣬˫¶⣬ż֣׼Ҷ
˵꣬ɿ֣߽䣬ݺѣˣ㲻˵Ҫˣ
ŶŶһЩ
մߴ˼Ѵ橶Ŀע⵽е㣬ɫ̲סֺ˺졣
ͬĿתһߣɫȻŷİ衣
ģҧ촽ǹ˼ڳվûûб¶̫״
ѣ㲻Ҫ˵ô˵ˣն˵ȸԾѡûв֮΢
ѰһĿ⿴㣬̲סĨһ˵糺죬Ŷ´˵ɣЩ
ôˣյĵĿѣո㲻úõôͲˣ㣬㲻ҽʿ𣿰ѿ
ѸϽ˵ˣ̻̫۰ɡȥ˯һͺˡ
ѴʱԸ㣬걻㿴һΣ벻һֱ㿴һΡ鸴ӣֻ㡣
뵽Щæ̻飬յ˵ͷţˣ
㡭տ㡣
֪ˡ㵹ǲΣֻǹ˼ѵ˼ʼȥ
뿪ıӰѶûв΢΢һ
յķ䣬ԭҪġˣ֪ﲻھǡɻȥˣЩҲ˵
ֻȥôٴҲȲѡŮֿôãңôôͷֿˡ
ûмգɻʵ
ˡһݣֻˡЦԺ̲סһѪĽ˦˦ͷųȥ˵˵ﲻھǣȥˣ
˵СӲ˼ȡô꣬ͨˡҪͰλá
Ͱλãһ㶵ʲôʱôˣ
ЦҲգȻһ£ԣ׵˼ȥڼĹϡ
ͷֻϡ
ͷ˵Ҳ뱱Ŀռ䣬õĴܼҵһλġʱգҲһ룬Գӡ
ͽܵĴУ㾪ȵĿǰ֪ʲôˡȴ֪ǵĿǿ֮һͽܣˡȻǼ̳ĵͳ
ţԣпܺͰһµġЦǺ£
ȷʵǺ£˵һ֮Ҳûоô͸뿪
ڰ㻹Ǻܹ˼ˣĴкǿֲϹŶǿ֮һŴ֮ȻͻͽԼþƣԼ֮ǣԼԻþֶնɱ
취ʵʵϾҪȥˣǸطʵ͸ˡ뵽ڹڵõҩģ˷ѣҲҪʼƵҩҩʵ޶壬ҪȻԼûһʱ䣬ǲܴﵽġ
ﵽ޶壬һʵĵط֮
ŵǬһռֻͨҪﵽ޶壬кʵĵطﵽ֮ʲô¡ԣֱңõ治ñ˴ţѹڵõ¯ȡ˳


645 ޶
鵤ӵеõĵ֮һ֪ǧֵҩУһֵ֣ҩЧ
˵ǿѾǿˣǷȱľֻҪ鵤ƷԼŨͿһΣﵽ޶Ҳ¡
ĵҩͣ絤ҩͣԵøº͡ʵĵҩһٻЩáĵҩȴٸáȻĵҩҲÿһֶиãûеȴ١
ȡ˫ѵڹڵõҩȡȡҩĶ󣬲ϵ֥ڣȵȡ
еĶ׼ãʶ֮еӿ뵽˫֮УһʱѾ۳壬ƿﵽ˷˼ĵزȴ׺͵ĿģԼʹûרȴޱȡ
͡
㲢ûʹ̫߼Ŀػ֮ʩչٶػãգܵ¶Ҳо¶Ȳ࣬㿪ʼ˫֮жҩġ
ٶΪƷ𣬻ҩȻܿ졣̶ʱ䣬оһ֮ζŨҩ͸УоĿǣⲢûˡ
ҩɢԽ࣬۳ĵҩҩЧԽͣʧܡ

ĺһ䣬ĺ£ȼճܻ档ܻһеҩҩ֮Уҩ룬ԭ鲼ңζ˲䵭ࡣ
һҩĵҩ֮ʶ֮еľӨ弤ͷϣУһɹɢһĿ˫֮еÿһ档
˫ҩģʱͬһһǡÿһδ򣬶һصķʽҩһ𣬿ƵļΪǿһ֣ܰҩյһȲ԰ҩһ
ͷ壬һӿ˫֮СڷģԭӨ͸壬ĿʼСܶҲıϡ
˫֮УҩѾȫУЩҩȴͬˮһ㣬ֻҪп϶ϾܴӿȻ˴ʧܡ
ȻϵĴӿ֮еҲƻ档ͬˮһӿ£ҩٶԽԽ졣
ڴ֮£ҩ֮лҺҩʼĻճ״
ʱ壬Ѿ֪Ķˡ֮ǰӨ͸ıʱȴҡҷ֮СҲܵ쳣ĳأԺҪըƵġ
ȻҪǿܣֹһԭΪ鵤ˡǣ鵤Ҫֲ
ʱΪĽԵʣǿѾڴˡƷߵˣǣ£ҡҡ׹
ͼ֮е΢䵽֮УĲȻȲģȴҲܻһ

ŭһ͵ļ䵽˫֮УʼĴҩԭճҩҲĻ壬۳̬
һɣ
һȣ͵мҩȥһſڣҩ˽ȥҲ˫գ漴ſ˫ڣ³˵ҩ
ڻɢͬʱŴʮӨ͸ĵҩҩ΢΢ɢֵһǣվȻ΢֮
ְЩҩ˹ǹ֮
ҩﵽƷͻףⵤҩûгףȴ֮ӦǵؼƷؼƷ
㵹ףΪʲôĵҩ֮һˡؼƷĵҩǴﵽܵʦҲƳ
вΪԼĴ󵨺ЦԭΪҵ鵤Χڡ֪Ժеĵǿ̶ԶԶеĿֲԭΪⵤҩؼƷĲΡ
ʮŵҩȡƿװ
ûϷõҩոյֲ̫˶ˣҪȻָ
ƹʦôģȥҪǿĿػ⣬Ҫǿ
ĻָٶȱĹҪ̫࣬ԭҪѵ壡ڶ̶һʱͻָ״̬
ָ۷壬ȻȡŸƵ鵤յĵҩУڶȻζ
ŵҩů澭Уܸо֮еȻͬϮһ㣬ԭŨһ
ͬСһܶȻһ
ҩҩеľоһ֮ҩ͵ĳ֮С֮Ũҩ͸УͬʼֻĻȱˡ
ǣҩĲ͸ĻҲļǿ
ʱܵҲȥʼ㾭еҵŨȻʼͼ֮е
ͼ֮еɹȡԭѾСһʱٴԿɼٶСš
ȻҲ˲ġ
ҩϵ뵤֮УǱӿС
ʱ㣬һԭѾװͻȻȴճһĿռ䣡ճռ䣬ȻҪ䣬ǾֻܴˣȻͻʵҲʼ
н׵ʵܿ͵õͻƣ޸߽ף
ϱɣټӶ£ʧ˴롣ͼвҲʼ
ֱֱ˼ʱҩȫ͸ٴʳһŵҩ͸ողͬǣʳû̫Ч
ղѣ֪ҩЧ޵ġʹһΣ֮ʹЧʹˡ
ؼƷҩ˷һţ㲻òۡ
ٶȶʱһѾֻʣСˡʱҲ۷ĵزһ£޶϶Ǵﵽˡ
ͼ֮Уܵ䵽ͼѾٵĿˡ㲻üͷûĲ䣬ռǾ޿ܵġ
취ҵУҪȻͼռͻķˡеҩģҲήҪ˵ĻǾҪˡ
ӹȡҩģܶǧҪǿή㻹¥
ãһСڻĿή
һ˫ջܵڿֲҲżЦ⡣ʱԺҲһս֮ˡң֮ռһֶΣҲѹƲסžŵǬǵĺ֮𲻵̫á
ʵȥҲǿԱˣ֮һŨʺϽ֮ĵطŵǬ㲽졣Ǵ£˵ߣҲ˭ˡ


646 ɱŮ
ҳԭȥյģѻշ䣬Ů˼ԼΣ
뵽һĨɫ̲סһ˿òϣԭɬСŮˣѾɳķ绪ˣȻҲ˿ɱԼ뷨꿴һΣֿһΣȻԼģŮ˲밡ԼӯĴɫǣʱѾԸӵĴɫħ˰ɣ
⻵ˣˣ㲻뵽Ҷ˼˵ҪбһڿԼɹˣ
ȣҲ֪᲻оƽһ㣿ֹţоĿԡǺܿ죬ҡҡͷϴŮ˾ͰԼˣϢҶ˼ˡҲûôƽ⣡
ˣ˾ͻ˰ɣǵһΪģҲ϶һôһ򣬾;νˡеҪҪף´͵ٴϼۡ
뷨⶯뵽ѺյĹϵִһҪôܰԼ˵
ԺŮԶ㣡ٿһΣѳֲסԼ
ʲôѳֲס˭ѳֲסˣյ͵ֳĵ۾գĿ㣬ߴŭ
һû뵽ԼֹȻȻϸոԼʲôС㣬˵ʲô
˭ѳֲסչ˫Ư۾ֱֱĶ㡣
𣿡޹գ۾
У˵յ۶㣬ǲǶ˭ʲôˣ
㿴ǰŮһ˫۾ĵԲԲģϹ⣬ŭʱ䣬ռ죬ѩ׵ıҧź´ȻĶ
㿴ʲôռ㶢ԽԽȣϵĳŨ˼֡
㲻Ҷ˭ѳֲס𣿡޹˵˵Ҹö˭أ
ռĿ˳ȣﲻ֪㻰˼̵ĵһۣ˵˵
ʼС㱾Ļǧ̬ˣ˵Եˡ
åհһۣδˣûپĻˡ
С㣡ѻ𣿡յ
ʲô˵뿪û뿪ءˣŵʰ飬㲻ȥ̸̸𣿡
ȱ˵ЩЦСǲòˡ
ʲôСǣ˵ôԺѲ㡣Ȼվĺһߡ
ãھͲңյв˿⡣
˭㵱˼ˣ˵⣬տЦѿǰ㵱ɴɫˡ
ĬĬ˵һ䣬ְٴοһΡͳԽɫǵĵȼˣ
Ҳ룡޹ίĿ˵ôϣǶС㣡СܶҸˡ
ޣհһۣȭͷ˵ҪҿûôõƢһѰеҲң
һͻȻޱȡ
˰ɣտЦЦͬƢ
յ֣յķȥȻѲڣҲòŻرˡ
㣡ѱַ֣㣬˵ҿҪ뿪ˡ
ţΪʲôҪ뿪ɻ˵Ҫغ׳ǣ
ǣҪȥ򣡡ն˵ˣ¸¶
С˽ȥ򣿡ɻĿ˵Ϊʲô
Ľм䣬ҲǴ½ģһҲǱߣǿʤ壬ҪǱ˲ĻܶħĹ嶼ȻҲܶյ⡣Ͼֲ̫յȥԼȥΪΣա
û˵Ϊĸ׵Եʺҵʡն˵
ĸףɻĸײѾ
ĸΪҹڹ֮ǰĸ׶һЩʲôҲ֪ǽ˵ĸ׵ıҪʧЧˡ˵
㿴գ˫۾
ͻȻо̫ܡĹͫƾţճΪǿˡһ֮ſ塣ʿ죬ҪǱʬҲʲô£
ӻĿռȡĹǶҲĶյУȥһɱ֮һ㲨۶û̫ˣ
ڣϾȻĸ׵ıһʲô
˼ʲôҲܵģҪС㲻ܱյĻԸնȥΪĶϱܲӲɡ
˵Ҫĸĸδ顣˵˵⻰ͬʱ˽µʯͷЩĲɡ
յ֣Ц벻ȥ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷǽѸ׶ҪߣҲòȥˡ
˵仰ʱͻȻת۾ֱֱĶӡܿԼģ峺棡
ǣ᲻㣡
һֵĻжһͿֽıաҲںܱŹ˼ҶսϴȣҪŮ뵽ȥƵģҪǲԸ⣬ǾͲȥˣ
ȥ㱧ţͷţͻȻ¶ЦˣҲӰǱᱣң
Ҫǲȥңұ㣡ͻȻ˵Ȼŷȥǰҵ뷨
ҪԽԽǿˣ첻ҵļҶˣҲҪĺǿǿ㻹ǿһֱҵļҶˡտЦҪȻѱĻҶû취
յĻְŮ§ĸÿǵ˲Ŀѡ
СģһҶһļҶСȥϴţҲˡѹյ㷢㷢ϴ㣬Щ顣
Ҫϴ´տЦҶʵȻС㣬Ҫý֪Ȼȡ

㲻˵ĿӣˣҲ߽ǣ

㣡ָһ촽д飬ɵ䣬һĺǿǿҶ˼㻹Ҫ㣡
仰͵һաŮѵ֪ԼҶ˼ĹϵӦð˵ģ
ҡҡͷѻϲǣҶ˼𾴵ģԲգôģѵŮ˵ĵôǿ
㡭Ҫ˵㱾ͱҶ˼㣬վûп˵
ĵ˵˵Ķԣһһ᳤ģ㣡СǵãһǿǿκŮ˶Ҫ㣡ҪҹңҾɱŮˣȻһӺ

ͻȻãմʱǲֱɱ֮ˣô˵ɱȻһ仰ⲻյķ


647 
ЩһֱڵգһЩ֪㣬ҲܾżȻѣŮȻǶ㣬ÿ棬Ĩһ糺쾪ŵߡ
ģȻȥҳ飡
һܹȥһܵ˲ٵĵҩһЩ׭ʱʵĶȻرͬ鵤ĶѾԵֵļֵˡ
ԭ׼ЩѵģҶ̻᲻ܾڵ۹֮УӦ½֮СҪ壬ȻҪù忴ϵĶĻĵҩ֮һ
˼ǲͨոѵʱѾȻǰҧ촽ż޵ľǿġ
ֱֱĶΪԼʲô˼ѣûʲôڨڨĶ˵Ǹ𣿡
ʱ˻ˣǸɫȮŵھưɵġŸոճɵŮˣȻûĴݡ
ˣ
һ䣬ǿǰŮˡôһҪƨûƨɣҪûصСŮˣ
ŬҪԼ־нųȥǺȻûгɹ
ֱֱĶ㣬ԼʲôƵģǲӵʱڿ˵ȥһǣ
㻹ûзӦ㶵ĿѣָԼı˵˵𣿡
ŮûиԼȥǣ˵ǱԼȻ֪ͬ۹֮һģȺ׳С١
ҧűݲشĻһ˼Ů˶⣬Լʲôȥʲô
ȡһֽݸ㣬ɻĽӹָĴЩļ󻬣
һ糺죬еֽŶݸƵˣ㿴ߵһͦһŤԲęͷĿⶼЩƶˣʧУŰĿתеֽϡ
ּֽѵּˡ
Ů˲дʲôԼ˰ɣ濴֮󣬲ŷֲô¡ŮȻܿϴα㿴˵¼˵Ҳͱ㿴ûһϵǹҶ̻Ͱġ

ιʲôûڶǰǣǰŤѾԷ罿뻹ǿ˵
΢΢һ£Ҳ㣬ɿ첽ǰߣֻԵЩҡ
ں治ܿѵı飬ҪܿĻȻܷѴʱҧгݡôҲûʱվſڴôãԼɵҪûôãҪԼһգ뿪ɡ
һ̸⡣̾ȴûбܿ˼˵ұ֤ûпǸʱ򣬹ҶСˣĿû㡭
죡˵ʲôϽһøǵӶĿѡŲԼ̫һЩ
ǻȥǰɣ˵һ䣬ٶȼӿ˼֡
ˣЩûзӦֻҡҷĽƵ뿪εʼ硣
ӿٶȰɣˣֻܶߵ˵ǴӰҪģʵҲﵽС֮һҲóںΰĴ£ҲѾ൱ĳɾˡ
ȻӡҲܺǵĶ¥ҲǳżȻ¶ϢȴΪ֮ļ²ѡ
һ·ûٺ˵һ˸·ǡ
ǵ۹֮һ뾩Ҳһǡ˲ûл̫ʱ䣡Ȼ˴ǰǵҲ֪ˡҶ̻ҪչȻǽǣǳȴ֪ΪΣסҶ̻פǡ
ǶҶ̻ҪȲ˵ǱһǡҪҶ̻Ҫ߳ǣͲòǡټһͨĿռͨǵĵλԵʮҪˡ
ѽܾҲûа취ֻǰȥܲסǳˡϾҵ
֮ǰҲǵıǳҲǺպ˵ǰʱ򣬺ཻͬսҶ¹ͣΪ֮һǳ
ð̽ǳʵֶʮǰޣʵʵ˵ǲ̽ϾʮûгֹȻôȥˣ϶ڴﵽǿͲ֪ˡ
ڶԷʵ㵹̫ġܶԷǲ̫ܴﵽģﵽܣʵҲһǳˡܣͲ¡οԷﵽ˴ܣҲŽܣò
˴ȥѾ⡣ҪǶԷʶҲˣҪǲʶĻǾʹʶࡣҶ̻ķչԲΪһССĳҶ˼ģҪɳ
ɻҶ˼˵Ϊ̻Ϊʲô˴鶼ˣ
ſѣֻŮһĹ·û˼
Ǻܺΰذ嶼ʯ̳ɣһͷµĺۼһ̤ǣı˲Ŀѡ˲ĿȻΪ㣬ǿžѡ
ڨֻǹ޵ƣ̨˴ͷ
¥Ҹطţֱǰ㡣
Цȥɣˣ
˵⣬㿴ʵΪأ
ûлش𣬶ֻǵͷĿⶢЩҵıܿӡѵľٶҡҡͷΪֹ㻹֪ʲôҪǺԼǰɣҲûб¶ʲôŭ⣬ҲûԼҪ˵Լɣһ·ҲԼ
Ů˰̾һ䣬볪һסŮ˼£
ϵʱ򣬼ۡŵƽʣۡĨһϲ֮ɫɻ󣬶ߵ˵ȥһ£ǰʲôϲ£
ӵͷ·Եˣܿʹ·˿ʳ˴𰸡
¥ǳʮ٣
ʮ٣ǺǣĵǺʱÿԴһ٣ЦһȺȺףٵ˵ģתͷ˵Ҷ̻ȥף٣ᱻϳɣ
ҡҡͷǲң
ô˵ӽָȡһЩоųȥ
һӿеĶһвǱĶǼƥüƥȥǳף٣¥ǲ̫СһЩ
ѿŵĶҲЩ̿ûЦʲôְָ˸ոյ֮ɫ
㵹ûзѵı仯ǰеݸˣҶ̻ǰף٣
ƥҶ̻ᣬһۣ̹Ȼ޾Ŀǣ˵ĵͷҶ̻ͷǲӦôСҶԷ̹ȻĿǣ⼸ƥ£˵׾̲סⲼôԽ룬Խܡ


648 ȥ
Ѻ㶵ĿĿȥһһۣо˼顣
ûиƥûܰ۾ˣôԷ˹Դ
ЩԴˮ˰ɣֹһһĿ£߽ۡ
ۡЩСЩƥǿЩƥʲôͬ붼û˸ΰĳͨƥֻԼʶǳⲼƥ֮
ȥѲƥʽˣãϲĶ϶Ǻöó˸һѡ

Ȼ֪ʲô˳Ͱںϰ㿴һλãһ׷յˣӦþǵĳˡ
ԱûһλѼλǳŲ̵ľ룬̲ס˵ôԶԷҲע⵽ǡ
Ц˵޷ȿ˵
ô˵Ҳûж˵ʲô˵ͷһվţЦվŸʲôԴȵģվŲǿҿǸƥ÷ƱǮ
仰̲סЦûй˼ݣһ
̨ǳǰף٣ЩݵλˣȻ԰ƵİóǳһЦ㾪ȵǣǰףٵľȻҶ˼Ķ塣һӨ͸ʯǿһۣ϶ʯΪиǹתȻŨ
öһƷļֵֹһȴǲҶ˼ˣΪֺһˣȴĶ
ȵʰ㣡ֹһʼҪѸո͵ĶԻ
ź촽سԡſҪ˵ʲôȴû˵һ仰Ŀ⿴㣬ʱѾȥɬ˼س죬ȻȲЩѾ꣬ͬ˵ȴǷݣʱʱһ˿ȣһаȡ
뵽ԼĵεΣҲ֪һʲôоԭΪǴģһӯļһǣȴûͬеôԼҷΪ㣬˲鷳ĺܶࡣ
ҲûԼеô¶һ˿ЦݣɫЩ糺죬뵱ԼˣΪγռԼء
ѾܲΪӯˣ뵽Լ㿴ΣԼҲҶ˼ǰ飬̲ס޶ɬ
㲻һˣǴɫǵͷ㻹Ӳˣֹһ䣬뵽Ҷ˼ϵĳ̣
ôˣһֱɻѡ
û£ŲֱƸոʲôΣһԼԼʲôô֪Լõô
Ȼô룬ȴҽӴ
㻹ΪԼ˲˼Ҳû̫⡣׼ٴοʼһֵĴԴȵʱһȴ˵ĶλС㣬ܲƲһȥ
̧ͷȥѵ߳һ൹ӢֻЩڵָָ꣬һ㶨ۿȥָŵķǳһ
Ǹѵٴγ֣ŶԷ˵ϲ
ǺǣûϵȻСϲǰᵽǣ˿Ϊ⣬
ûӾͰߣŶԷ˵үûдӦ
һ㶣û뵽˭һѣ޾Ůˣеĳ̰βסλС㲻ܾɣ
ǺεݣԼֻҪڣŮ˿϶ܾġŮǰĽ٣͵ƾǳλãŮ˾ܲ³еλܲ³ܾԼ
ԲҲʶ㣡Щ˵ʱΪҶ̻ƶˣھҲǺպԷӡ
ƺû뵽ֽüͷϾչһЦȤȤҾϲģ˼
Ҳ˵Ŀת㣬Цֵܣǲһλã
ɨ˶ԷһۣûеĶ
ֵܣûҵĻһλôЦеĿ㣬˵ȻֳӣӸµĿ㡣
㵭˵ﲻϲ˵ȡ
ƺûзӦϯ꣬ȻҶԼ˵
ɫÿź˵ֵܣ˵øλá
евȴҲ˵Ҳ˵УҪʹϵ
㡭һƲԳԷƣȻ㲻ãǾͿס𣿡
˵꣬ץ˹ȥҪץ
Էˣҡҡͷ̾һֵ˹ȥͱĵ֮Զɫ԰סȻͬʱҲվּסꡣ
ſңӵľѣʵѾﵽģʵȻԷεסûСʵ
үô㡣
㿴Ҳûпһۣȥ
ǣĻӾͼ׼ۡ
ȵȣŭȵǳĿˣʮ٣Ǹ²ɣ
ǳЦЦ
ԣǳ˼ҵ磬Ҳ£ʹŭ㡣еǲҰȥϾ£Ǵǳ
궢㣬ϸʵĳŶһվҶʲôֻҪ뿪ȵȻÿ
ſңû˵ȵ
ùߵĲͲһͣӻվü˵Ÿʲôȥ
㵣ԭΪСˣû뵽ȻҪӰԼȥ
ǣһƺݺݵĺԴİĵĲҽιȥȻݺݵһף˾ͬһʯͷһɳۡ
һĻȻǰμˣ˿һͬһı׳ȥһʧ˭ô󵨣ǳϣ
ǳȻҲע⵽һĻű׳ȥ꣬ɫ˱䣬˭
ǳɫһΪ֮һЩ˻ǲ˼£
ȴ·ûзƵģ˵һɧС㣬ֱӶȥˡ
˵꣬ûûεļѶЦáѵûпǳһ
ѣϳѣ̲ס˵ҶҵƶˣôϯףǸֻ֪ԵĳԻ˭
ǳҲû뵽ȻǱܾεҶ̻ѡʧ֮ŭˣԷԼԼϴԼ
뵽㣬ԭףǳĨһȻĶѡ


649 ݽ
С㣡ʲô˼ǳѣϵĺⲻơȻߣվѹϾҲǼžҶΪܣСȻһĶֵòǶżֹ˼ɡ
û˵ߵȴһ˵ѵ˵ϷС㣬ǻô𣿡
ڰԱ˵ǳǻûзϡȻ֪ôǿǴӸ¥ϾͿɼһ㣬ΪϹĺΰʹﵽ֮Ҹǵõ˹µԴа룬Ǹ¥Դ֮ûʲôѹ
ǳѴӸҺȳһƹȥȴӾȻﵽС֮ǳȻѣ뵽ԣԾҶŹ֧֣ڿˣ
С֪֪ոǸǰĶӣǳȻºܾˣھҲӰȥ°ǺС𣿡
ʱվЦǳҪᣬǵǸǡòðǣһССİŲҡ
Ļǳüͷ꣬Ȼô󣺡˭
Сѣ·ǣĻ᳤˵Ҫף٣ŽѵǳԴףٵѵ˻ƫ̻ոյϷѵͽӣЦ˵Ҫ˵Ļǳؽδ̫Сһ㡣
ߣǳһû£ֻǹ˰һأ
ǲˡ˿ΪЦ
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ǳһۣվû˵ʲôҲûȥϯеЩôʲô˶Ž
ǳصϯλҲԾ˵Ĵ󵨡ǳʲôǶرȻʱûкѼƽϣΪϣſһЩ磬¾ܵˣοǰСүҲʲôôӣôܻŹˡ
Щ˴ǵĴٹˣȻʶ㣬ȻҲ֪ʱҶ̻ھŶơԣһ¶Ϊ˻ĺܲҡ
ȻҲÿһ˶ʶ㣡оׯׯһھǹϯʱҲȲѡʱǳȥȳ̲סһǳǲԷھǶѵ
ֻǣǾȵǣ˵ǰȥնɱôúõĻų֣ѵûҵ
ׯǾֿܣϾׯ㻹Ǻܽƻģ
֪ݣǾЩȴûǳǲǺǳӷ֮ѡ
ûҲֵСȻİĵƷλʳ
Ѽˣֻܿ˵̻ҪפֳһĻǶԷɿˡǳʵۣɿ̻߲
Դ漴ڨڨ˵ոն˵ʱ㣡
ѿЦãҪ䣬ȴ˿ڡֻܷСŮƢҲˣԼŰ졣ʱҶ˼ҪǹûаҶ̻׳ҪĵزҾ˵Ĵ
СŮƢȻһЦҲһ棡
ѱԹ꣬ŸоСɫ˺죬ȴŤͷûз֡
ðɣͽҴЦĿ⿴ǳȴǳĿҲתߣ˵Ŀһͷ֡
ǳܸо겻򵥣Աߵĺ׳ҶҶ壺˭оݲ򵥣СΪӣӵȥȨƵˣҲûм
ҶҶҲû뵽㣬ûΣǸֶŮߵıȽϽһСӣ㣡ҵһҶ˵ҶҲ򵥣͵ϵǳаӵƣΪȻһôҲ¶档
㣿ǳоôЩϤϾǾþӾǣԻûв³ֻӿȴһ
ȻĳҲһ֮ǣȴסԶԶȲǵ˵ܺͻʵ۱Ȼǲ棬Ͳ֪ˡ
Ҷ̻ǳҶҶ壬ЩϲܾҶפǳأǺ׳ҶҵԵʡǣԷҪĻӺ׳Ҷҵõĺôõļ֡
ҶҶ嵹ǲǳͷ˵һЩϵҪ˵ȴ̫ܣϾҪںԼݣοʵ棬ܻؾҲ㲻ôУ
ҶҶô˵΢΢һȻ˵طκһˣȻҲǲԸġ
Ұ㵱žҶҲǿԣӦҵĺôһ㶼١ǳЩ䡣
˷ģ϶ٲ˵ģҶҶͷ
ǳŻһЩĿ⿴Ѻ㣺ھźεݣҲøſš
ҶҶǳûжҡҲһҶҷչ̫ѸˡȥҶҼλһ䵽Ҷ˼СɩĶҲȻ䵽Ҷ˼С
ɩɵй֮ǰеĲƸһȻԼȻ֪ƫƫԿҶ˼УԣЩһֱҪƵõҶ˼еԿס
뵽Ҷ˼𵽾ǣȻֳô󶯾ҪȥԼλöסϾҶһһλ̫ϳϣҶĪȨҪǿڱ̬ҪѼ֮λøҶ˼Ǻܶ˻ټҶ˼̻пܰ
ҪǱʹǸɵйĲƸû˿ĹϵеĲƸҶҶ˵ɩӹ׬ġǴɩͰ˹塣
ĲƸҪУҲǲܣ
ĿҲע⵽ҶҶ壬ǳ˽֪֮è塣ǲҶ̻ɢȥΪں海
߰ɣͻȻ˵
ߣѶɻ˵黹ûнء
ҪҳΪʲôܾɡЦ
ô˵ŵͷ㲢߳ȥѿŵƮĵ㡣
ͻȻϯһ˺ܿͿ˹ȥǳôأ⡣
̲֮߳ס˵¥ʵ취ܼأɱ˾Уõô鷳
һ㶣漴ЦϼһʵҪȥɱ
ڨڨЦȻСⲻ¥¥Գ֣Ȼֵ
֪Ҫ׳ʵЦЦĨǣϼһﲻ򵥣ʵڻҲûʮɵİɱɱҲ̫ö֡۹ĴǣԶ塣ǣһȫҪɱҲ׷Źң˵ŵӰ
㲻Ըͻٽ񣡱ϾŭĻҾԷɱԼǱҲùѹҶ̻ҲǺܿܵģټϣǶǹųתģһҴģ֪ôʲô̡
Ӻ׳Ǿ֪Ǳͽܵ


650 Ҳ
һҿջһסĵطѵķ䰤šһ¥Ѽ󣬲ɾĿ㣺
Ѿģ㵹شһ䡮롯뵽Լôһ˵ѸǻԼ¡İ³ĻʻȥָָԱߵķ˵ס
žԼЩС֣ɫ˺죬Ŷһſվ˵ȥ˯ˣ
ô磿㿴Żδµ̫ЦҪ죿
ѳţô˵Դ룬ջɿҧŵ촽ջÿһ·
Ĭϵ̬ȣҲûп̤ѵķȥѼ䡣ӳٶһ£վ˽ȥ
ΪˮѣЩ죬첲̧¶ļǰĶԵظ߸ߵͦƨ΢΢ţ磬£ٳһ֪꣬һô㿴ţȻЩȵ
ƺҲ޼ɵ񣬱ܿ񣬸Ͻѱӵݸ㣬˵Ҫ˵ʲô
㿴޳˫Ȳţһûһ˿ķ϶ѻ֪ջ
жӿһЩ˵ĸоƿĿ⣬ٿȥѳֲסԼ
С˵ŵ㰵飿Եһ⣬ͷŵȥ㵹ǾȻޣǻǺȹʱġ
ʹӦǰҶ̻ϵһЩʲôɣҲֻǻɣû֤ݡǲЩǺް˰ŭйҶ̻ϡŻָ˴ݣĻشĻǱϾӽ£һԻҪһҲҵ˼ǣܲھǣһֲͿˡ
һѣ޾϶һ棬촽ɢ˹оǸоŮ˶˼ջ
ĵеôܲһǾ뾩ǲԶпռͨЦ
㿴ףΪʲôһҲż̻鷳ԭǿǣȴһõطƿǵԴܿΪģ۹ǶȥѾˣʤľǴ
ѵͷﵹǲֻҪܲǳ
ֻ취㶨ЦʵڲУֻ˳ˡ
ĻѰһۣҪܲĻǾԲҵģҲ֪ܾ˵Ŀ⼯еϾù⣬ҶĿ⼯Ļ󻹸
׳ҶӦúǳĳЭ飬ҪȻܾܾǡ˵
ͣεĵͷ¶Ž޵ӣǽᣬ͸죬Щѣ
ֱֱĶѸ뿪ڣȴͻȻ˵ûһ飿
ʲô飿ɻ㡣
ûкѩȹļףѩһ㣿ԴĿѡ
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ûȹյ˵ǵԺѩˣҰ㿴ô
ȥȥҲ̲סվ㣬ҪƳȥֻ۵СţܸоСֵ
㵹ûпܣţܿ쵽˷ſڣϵ糺ȴ˿ûмˡ
ӴڴΰĲʱ򣡡㱻Ƴȥһ̣һĶ͵ֹͣҲǺˣѵ岻ɱײĻУ˳סϸֽ֫֫廬
Ѱļһ͵ƿ㣬һɫˣޱȣԴɫ
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ָѣӸµĿ˵ŮҪˣԶ֫һ
ʧЦȷû˵
ȻûԣĹӺǸŮץСӵ֫
ǣһڹҪһֹȵȣ
Ŀ㣺ôԸˣʶȤ㣬ͰŮ
㷭˷˵˼ҵɱɱ̫ãҪ棬ǳȥòã
ԼòҵһջҲ⡣ҪǱһˣҪ⻻ط
û뵽˵һ仰˵ʲôȴȥѱ֣٣ҪּЩ˻ֻţֻȴƽˡ
͵ȥſջȥһ뵽ʰһãոյӶһȥ˶Լǲǵģ
˿ջţڿջ֮ҲźƺƵĹӡһڹǰһӣһӡЩӾͰΧ
ʱҲ첽ܵߡ
ǺǣôӪ˭ǰˡ
ӵǳӣӶ˵Ҹ£˰ɡ
ŶԭǳӰ˵ǳӣ֪ûôһ£ЦеĶŶԷ˵
˵ӵŭգñ˵
ôҪԸңЦ֮ǰûһҵݣǲܿеģ
˵仰ɻתͷȥôˣ
ɫЩͨ죬վ̲ס㣺ͷеģ
ԼҪһطȥ̫ˣԷʱ򣬰ԼҲ˳ȥǿ̵Ц⣬˼䣬ĿתƵϣ붼һԼġ
׼ȳʱ򣬰СүߵӵǰһЦȵСңҪĥ
ӵЦСүģСҪȻ㣡Сɱһ˶
СүһۣеβסȻһЦֵȻиͬ
ǵԻɫ糺ͬʱһĺ⡣
һɵӣֹһѹְ϶ӵ͡ƫƫǳϲӡǴˣǰ鷳Ҳ̽һ˵ݡǣ˾Ȼ˵ɱɱ
ҡҡͷˣûʲô˵ġ
С㣡˵Ҳ˵ϻ̤ǰһ
ǣҲ뿴ʵ׶ǿĻվѵߣĿƵĿ㣬ȴĳ֡
ҵ֫ǱҪˣǵ֫Ҳŵġ


651 Ҫ
ϣСӵ֫۶ϣСŭȵָʾһȺ˹
ЦЦŶԷ˵ҲգҾͳȫǣ
˵꣬һ̤ʱʧټ˻δӦһĲҽֻ֮һɫӰͬХһ̷ɳ֮䣬ϵһƬӰ
ʮϢʱ䣬Էϰ˾Ͷ˵ϡվԭص㣬Ŵ͵Ŀ㣬д֮ɫʹĲ˲۾Ŵ󺰵¥̫˧ˣ
˷ܵЦЦĿתӵͰСүʱҲȻĶ㣬ǴЩ˶Ǻ֣ȴһ֮ڣ̶ʱ䣬Ȼڵϰ
㿴ˣ΢΢Цֵ˰ɣ
һ仰Ӵ¥һиɷǣ
쳣ļոչȰٶ֪Լ¥׶ǿǿƵںܣ°չر˵λҲ൱ǿƣһǴϹɱ۵ͳ
ӵĻӵͰСүҧҪǸҶңҸײŹġ
֮ǰӦûв̽ҵݰɡЦû˸ǣǱ˭ҵġ
һ֮漴Բ۾㺧Ȼ㣿
Цǵ̫ܲ³
˳״ˣرǰСүȻþӾǣҲ˵Ӽұҵ顣ǣǸѣʲôʱԼֵز
û뵽ԼȻ˱˵ҲԸǣүǿƵﶼκβʲôҪǣӸ׿˵ԷͻĬҲǣҪĬôһҶû˵һ仰
Сүû뵽Լ׷ѱǵˣվĶ档
ǸӣҡСүҪģһֱϰˣ˵ĳĵĻ
ЦеĿŶԷѸոտ໰ףԶ˫֣Ҳƽϣ
ﵽ־磬治ԸԶһ֮֡
ǣǣСүʲô˵ʼݺݵĳԼ⡣
Χ۵ȺһĻһ굽ʲô˵һ仰һСүԼԼ⣬ҳôء
ڰСүľٶӵҲ⣬ӵֻ֪һĶֵص飬ھǵȴû˵СүԼͣüȵСүԼ糤־
ӵҪֹСүȴСүһƿݺݳԼ͡
ӵҲŭˣٹܰСүĿĿ㣬ӿռ֮շѹƶ
㵹ǾȶԷҲ֮ʵǲ㿴һ˦˹ȥӵûзӦͱݺݵĳһơһưӵȷڵϣ˼
˻δӦ֮ǰǰһźݺݵĲӵؿϣȵӵ³һѪͬʱֲһţһ֮ӵҽ
ǳķϣֻҪһ˫֡´λ鷳Ҫľ˵꣬һ˹ȥӵ߷ɡ
СүʱףӿɹѪҺǼ۶ӵ֣ҲϽݺݵԼ֣Ź𣬲ҽһðɹ亹Ȼۣȴһסˣ޷ˣұ֤Ļ᲻ɱԼ
ɣ㿴һۣҲˣ׼ؿջ
Ǿ㷵׼뿪ʱȴ͵ƿѣ˵ʲô͵ڿգһƺݺݵ˳ȥһ˳ռ䶼ƶɽնȥ쫷硣
Ӿ¥ȵͬʱҲ¥ʲôǺܿǾһǶĤʹոǱѳ޴ѷ죡
˾Դ𣿺ǺǣóȻ͵Ϯ˵ȥҲ±Ц˵
㻰£һҲ߳ں׳ǻû˸Цң㵹ҾȡȻܽһơ㵱ͰϾʱ֮С֮ոյˡǳҵԤϣ
ǳӵǰץӵץֱۣһ󣬰ֱ۽ȥ漴˼ˣǺúõķӵ
ǳ֪˭ˣҽˡЦǰС壬ɲڻǡǻɳģ
һ仰ǳĶ㣬ͰϾûжáԷܽһˣʵֲ̫ˡǳݵʱ򣬾ʱͻƵ˰֮ûʲôġû뵽Ȼͻ˰ﵽޣߡ
ӼҸܻۡúúõģҲ֪Ӽһλǳʲôġǳ˿ںŭŵһλү
ЦҲôã
ǳһ㣬漴˵㵽ҫҲܣǣҲšҲøš
𣿡ЦҶȻת仰ģ
ߣǳѣС㣡ȰĻˣǲỶӭġڳһ죬Ͳܽפǡ
ȻǾͰ³λþˡЦ˵
ǳһЦƵģЦ㣡֪֪˵ʲô֪֪ǵʲô괫ģפء۹ĳһһ֪ΪʲôǵĳȴһֱܴȥΪҲ׵ĶǡȻ۹ܣȴһСɱȨ֪ǵĻңԭǳǵĳңȻȲϻңҲǵġ
㾡֪ǲ򵥣û뵽ǾȻһСˣ
Ҷӵ˫֣ҲֻҪ۶˫֣վͷ뿪ǳ˵
仰̲סЦ˵ЦɣǶôǿҶǣǱֵĺáʵǣҶ£𣿡
ڤ粻飡ǳŭһ˵ȻҾԶ֡
ǳСǲǺû˼ҪҪһЩעЦſǳȡһ鵤
һؼƷҩЧͬʱҲʵЦ˵עô
ǳһĶеҩؼƷҩһˡҲˣҪⶫԼкôܵõĻ˵Լʵٽһ㡣
ǳľһ治Ǽֶó
Ҫʲôǳűʤģ㵭˵
Ҫ䣬ⶫ㡣ҪˣʹӳλΣЦеĿǳ
ǳһ˵ΪҶ̻ܽ׳ǲɣ
Цǲ㵣ģ
ǳĶ㣬еĵҩ˵һⶫҪˣ


652 
չ˺С㣡˵ѵ˵ͷʾԶһЩ
㣡㲻ðգʵڲУˣұǡͻȻ˵۾¶ģ΢΢ҧ촽ۺ촽ѹһȡ
ЦЦ˵ûµģȵԱ߿ţ
վվһԡֻĿƶǰ׿Ⱥ壬Ʋס¶ġϾǳͷ
ɣ̤ǰһǳЦ
һƬȻУǵĳǸ߲ʵģʵɲ⣬꿴ʮ궼ȴҺǳѵŵֵز
ǳ㣬ͻȻЦΪﵽ޾ҵĶ𣿡
Ծ֪֪ǳǿҲûбʤġǣԷҪʤҲסãңҪĲΣ˴ýǳͻƿ
ȻҲνȻʧһ鵤ⶫ˵ȴԵòҪˡ
紫ޣ㵱Ϊһֱ𣿱㣬ǰʹﵽ˺֮һССޣοⱾǳϷʵĿ㣬ǹ͵ҩġʵһΣ
һƬȻĿǳ֮˵ͬһңԶ죬ںϣǳ׵ĵһȻ첢ںϣֻںؿռ֮Ҳ˾ˡ
ǳﵽ֮㲢ȡΪǳʵҪԶԶǿҪȻҲܳΪһʵۣҶô֣׳Ҫʵ̫ǿûҹ˼ɣҲܺ׳ǵ飡
֮ȻǲǲսʤЦſǳһ仰һƬž㶵Ŀ㣬ƺ仰𾪵ˡ
ѵкͺ֮һսʵ
̫ܰɣôܴﵽѾ˲ˣôܺͺ쿹⣡
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һĻ˵սľһĻǳзƱɫһ㣬ѹֽ֮ȷʵͬշѹռ䶼ܻϫˮȥֲ֪Ȼ
źСڣ۾ɵĴģˮȭͷţȻŲѡ
ӿһĻͬ˼ĿƵĶ㣬ƿԷһСֻһеĿֲûģ
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ӿϢֲĿռ֮ȴ߳ġ
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˴͵ĿУǳҲò˼顣ô׵ƿĴУǣƫƫˣ˺һӣɢһ̤
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ˣǸһ飡Це˵ʵ޶壡
ǳΪʲô飬仰̲סŭһ޶ԼͷˣֻҪǾ;òսʤԼǵҩԼҪˣ˵֮껹ܳײܣǽһ磡
޶廹ޣǳŭȵгһѾ޸޸趯֮䣬ֱֱɨؿڣа˼
ȵ֪޶ʲô𣡡ЦӰһӰǳľ޸̺ſֲӰϣӰ˲ѣڲӰѵͬʱռҲѳѷ죬֩һĿġ
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ǳһݺݵĹ㣬ٶȳԤϣһȥܿǳѡ
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µ˼дһӰ̲ססһ㡣Щ˼кܼȻ˿ٶӴܣѵ治һ
ӿ֩һ鲼ռ䣬ʱ̱䶯˿УҲĲѡ¥ٶȻ죬ĻһʧͻһЩ
ֱֱĿžϱ˿ԽԽ࣬ȥҪ·ס
ǳϣһӰ㣬еЦŨܱܿһʱһֱܿҪǿжԿȻܡȴȱ첲ȡֻӵĻȱ첲Ⱦ͹ֲԼˡ
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ӿÿ̤һµӡ֮жŹط׭𺳲ѡ
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ǳŭ£໽һϵһǣǷɣʯɽ㶥˹ȥռ¡¡ıء
㿴һĻһЦΪκεҲɣ
бͽ԰ǳЦ֮ʩչʥƷҪ׾٣ϣ
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Ϸ𣡡һϯ£סһĿɿڴĿգƺֻʣˡ
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Ƶ׵绯һŭŭ֮м
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ٴγֹâʱ˿ϰɵľıķ飬׵Űռ䣬׵Ѿ򱬷׵ĸɡǳףԭϣȾһƬ԰ף£ƺѪҺҪ³ıȥ
㣬ͬոձ˿иѪۣٴӿɹѪҺ
˻δֳ˵˭ʤ˭ӰҲȻʧȥһ㣬һƺݺǳ
ǳĹһƣɫ͵һ䣬Ҳ˲÷ѪϽӭȥ񱩶ֲһĶһ˺޻ΣȫĶ

һ죬˸ԵɳȥǳһȥѪҺվûס˳ѪҺŨ
Ҫɱ㣡ǳŭг־޸ɨȥ
һҲϵƣУңʩչ£У̤һط׭Ե̶ֱԷҪȥ
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ĻûǳĶ棬ûѪҺǳĶ㡣Թ֮ɫ
һǳ˵Ҫңͺ׳ҶʲôЭ飬ҶܣҪǲţȫԣҸҲǡ
֪ǲ򵥣϶Ÿǿ£ܷﲻɣ
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˿Ǹ߸ϵĳ뿪һ
㿴ԼȫȾѪԼʩչ˼Ҳû̫⡣忪ʼֻǿǿһزǻָٶҲľˡƣƽ˵еֲǶ˵ȴʲôʱط׭Ѿڿʼ޸壬Ծ˵ٶȻָò죬Щ˺۾ͻʧһɶ
Ѳ֪ЩһѪ˰ߵǰͿ㣬˫Ȼˮ֡
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ϡæҵҪҳҩĨϣˡ
㿴æҵģͻȻЦӽָȡһƿҩݸѡ
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Ŀصջһ겻ѣǴ۽ˡն죬ȻʤˡֱǷ˼ȴˡ
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Ԥϵ첻ʱ䣬ͳ׻ָԭ˺ٴγİļӤһ㻬ۡѿʱҲȲѡ˿ļ̲סԼ
˾ٶҲΡ룬Ѵʱ룬һ˵ƤȻȵһŮˣ
㣬ҲǺãƤȴԽԽãر³ƤͬӤһ㡣ΪһˣƤơ
ġͿƤСҲǺǰ;ġһ
ȻΣܲܲɣ

㵹ǴӺǺúõһѣΪųǣǻǺֵġȻҲǳһսһ似ʱ̲סզ಻ѡЩţˮƽ̫ˣʲô֮䣬ﳤ˲飿ԼҪĻͲǺ֮սˡ
ȻҲЩϳ㣬ʱһηѣ
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ЦȻ֪㣡ȴɲͷ
Ϊʲôɻ㡣
ЦǳҪǴͻȥ̽ҵĵϸ̽ҵϸòòǻиǿˣҲҳ֡
ɻĿ㣬֪ʲôϸĿɻĿ㣡
Цˣ㲻ҪЩˣʱ֪ˡ
룬ǳҪǴ϶ȥѯϸ˵֪Լ׷ɱ顣Ҫ֪Щ󣬾㻹ǿߣҲ˼һ
Ѳ֪ģ˿ΪȻֻ˵֮λѵһѵΥһ
ҲѹѵģϾֻҪҲǳһҵˣȻҵˣԼ˵ģ
ʱ̻ỹǲܽפǣ룬㲻Ұɣ£־òܣұϾһǴңҶôˣΣս
İɣֻҪλһжӭжˣһԺǣӦþڰܲ˰ɡ


655 ܼ֮
Ѳ㵽ʲô̻ͰפǣҲ˵Ҳûжʣֻɫ˼Ҳа취˵
Ӻ棬һŮ˹ǣһд顣ɵ棬ȴ˷ָЩ˸㣬ȥ׵⣬Ҳ̵һЩ
һ·㣬ͻСƣͻСǾǿԽԵĳɳβϲԸߣֺá֪ȴ˺֮ǡ̫ϵˣôǾͲ췢һǣȴ뵽֪
ָӵУǳǱ˻Ӧ֮λ֮λתĴӡֻĴӻصǣλ
Ŀɿڴȴûһ˿һ⡣ⲻɻͲµ˲ɣ
ȻµˣǳضѯʹҹԼݣʱڻңȻԸ֦ԸҲҶҴһǣǳѯʵʱ򣬻Ҹǳһ仰ˣǲ𣡡
ǳӻҵõ仰ʱҲ㶡û뵽ô͸𰸣ֱǲǳ˲뵽̤۵ѾŰ˾ŷȷǹ֮ˡ
뵽⣬ǳȻʡ뻹ǰѳ֮λøԼӡԼĻԼڳ֮λϣҲܲ֡ҶҵĽףǶȻ׷ģϵܴܲﵽܣﵽߵĲΡ
ԣǳȻ˼ݣȴԸòܲΪЩǰɣҪ˵ĻҶȻҲֹ
㣡Ǵ˵õһܴУʵʱѾﵽ壡ǳĻǾλҲֲãѵҪٴһԭǳλһϲǳӼλ̾һ
ϳ֮λģͻȻ˵
ӺѶŹֵĿ㣬⻰ʲô˼ǣǺܿ͵õ˴𰸡һϢͬХһ㴫ǵÿһǳĴӣδĳȻⱻҷѣʵȫʧ
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ΰҲеΪܲ˵֮ʲôû˵ǹȥɱǴӡ
飬ΰȻԸ֪ǰģԾͻǴӵĳ֮У˿ǴӳġǾ㱨Ҳͷϡ
ھǵǲǵ˱ǽҪǣҪ֪ǰģⲻһ鷳
ûʵǴȻ˳ǳֻܰѳ֮λӡĶӣȻΪ谮ĵ׺ףȫһӵܣʮˣֻϷŮˡҪĻǶᱻܹ⡣Լͬ⣬ЩҲͬ⡣
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֪ʲôɻʵ
׳ܼңϹű߸ӵĺ֮һ׳ǣҲǱһֽģ׳ǵĴҪԶԶ߹ǳأ𾩳ǻҪƳܼܶ࣡Ҳǵ걱СҲΪ谮ĵӣ˵
ܼǱӺ󱲵ҵ֪ҲҲ𣿡˵
ֵͷм㲻֪
ѶĿ⿴֣¶ѯ֮ɫǺǣЩҲֻҲȷǲģԣ߸ӣĵȴֻһλǾܼ棡ӣǱӣҪǵӣҲֻǹӣܼ棬ȴǱĹŵӣȻȻֻǹӣǱǺεѧһƤë԰Ⱥˡ
㾪ȵĿ֣⻹ҫܼһڻ֮󣿡
ЦЩδ˵ΪͬΪӣԻҺܼ쳣ܡƷȳʱܼг˴ҪܼңҲλϡҲ˵ʵܼȥġҲкܼҹƵ۹˼ܼҾܾˣܼûдҰģһֱѭԣ˺غ׳ǡ
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仰㵹ˡǳͬһʵۣΨֻк׳Ǹӡ룬ԼҵһݺԼɱ˵ġܲµʵ۵˼ҪΪݺҵĹѺǾǺ͵۹ԣҿ϶ҪɱҪݺʵûҵ֤֤ףǻȻһĵˡ
㵱ʱ֣ΪʲôʵܱԼСݺڲȫ˹ԭл֮Ҷ¾ΪѺİְɣ
ѹûǼһ˵гŵ飬ԭԵʡЦҺˣҪȻˡ
ȴɷõ˵ҲһֶεˣûгţǰûУ˭֪أ
һ仰㶣漴˵֪Щʲô
ЦҲȷֻλ̸䲻͸¶˵ƺƵĴϰˣʵ͵Ķﵽ
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ǾôɣһºҶ̻Ͱפǡ˵
ģվȥ
ѿ뿪ΪӦˡƽݣ̲סֹһҵĵİȴû뵽ƻˣ
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˳źΰָȥǰһӣ֮һƬ棬ǽбһһǳصķ֮ءֻµĺۼ档
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Ҳɵ˵ΰһۣ漴Į˵һ䣬żֱ֮ɫ
仰ûΰ䣬ɵӣһɵӡźΰ״򲻶ĮҰο͵ҧˡôһ룬ʱͿ
ʲôϣȻڲ㿴Ŵ֮еĲǽһȥһ£ϰ׵
Щ䶨㿴ЩǽȻֻǶ˲ʮ׵ľ롣㾪Ȳѣոһ֮ҪͨǽڣҲ׺ķ顣ǽȻֻǶʮҡ
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Ӱһ䵽룬ڴ֮е߼㣬㹧غ¥
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һĻ𵱳Ľ趯Ĺ켣УʶеľӨҲѡ
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ΰüͷǺܿĿ趯ĺۼÿδһȣضŵɢЩҪʵǿ
趯ٶԽԽ죬ܵķۼֲȣΧ޴ϼ롣ܵĿռ䣬һҲŤ
ƱɫǵصðԱ㶵Ŀ㣬ʱҲһӡ˳ȥӡâû뵽ϼ֮УϼȻСûʧܱߵĿռ䣬ͬߡһӣŮ˵ȹƯļ¡
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ӼԼ΢΢㵣ߵ㣬ƺһʲôһҾ뱧˲ɣ
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ŶѸϽˣͰĳԱվһ
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ΰٶҲǹһӣһڹ⣬Ҳͬ汬
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658 ľѪ
Щۣһᾪʮΰ˵ûа취һ룡
㿴ŻӴ󷨵źΰ˵ߵҲûһ˿취
ΰ˵ߵûȲܱܲȫʵܱҲʺϣеĵɱɱ˲ǣҪЩȴ
㿴һۺΰеĳǹǹĺɭ䣬һɹɱ֮ӿ㵹ǲ֪ΰƿͨĵжŵԾǴֳֵ˶ҪСԴġҪһʵʩչǱǿʵֻΰֳֵĵɱҪ⻷۵ȴҲ
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֪㾪ȵźΰĽݹôʹˣ
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˾Ѫ㵵Ŀźΰ˵˵Щ˵ѪҺ
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ʱʥ屬ױȵƣȻɳͲ˫ʮİһˣһٶ£ǸȻʮֿǰҲǧϹﵽܵĸʤǣһ壬ȻŶʮҵĻʥˡǺȻͬʱҲʼ黪һ
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ʲôʹ仰̲סŲ֮ɫ죬Ҳ˿ֲɡκһﵽʮ˶ﵽܣ⿪ʲôЦ
ΰ˾ȣҲ˵ĵ伮ҲԸЩⶼʵ
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˵ЩѪ֮ǿﵽһ䣬Ѫ֮ͻѡҪҲǺܶ峤ò˥ԭ֮һѪ֮ǾԳɾһǿߡ㵹ǲȣ壬Խ߼ĺ츳ԽߣԽߡ
ûҲѪУֻʣһˡҪЩѶȣΰ˵кܶͬĹ壬ǶżѪЩѪֻҪʹﵽ֮ߣⶼȲϻ壡
ÿڸĿźΰ˵˵ҲѪУ



659 ð
ʳ仰ΰɻĿ˵Ϊʥ壬ӵѪкϡ棿
ΰ㣬ѪУΪʲô⻪ѪУΰ֪㱾ǻˣûѪСҪÿһ˶ѪдﵽܵĻͳεˣЩҫʵǣÿһ˶ͨˣ
һп϶Լ֪ܡ
˵źΰ˵ȷʵ˽١
֪Ѫ˺ȻﵽʮܼѪһٳףܣ˵еѪҪȻôܵƾѪ֮ͳסΰ˶٣˵ЩΪԭԭŰֱĶǿͻȻʧ˴룬ִ˼ѾǺˣ
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ܣ𺳣ϾͿڷ񶨣ЩѪ֮ǿҲǻѪܸõġ
˻ЩʥѪûôǶһЩ壬ȴŴãΰ˵طʥѪܰʥѪ뵽Ѫ֮УֻҪ㹻ĻѪܲڻġ
ĬǰҲֻ˵ͬѪ͵ѪҺںϡһȴ顣
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ΰĬûлشĻ
ΰˣ˲˹Ҳûоϣĵ⣺˵ʥ壬κһﵽʮöܽѪ֮ﵽܣǵʮʹﵽҪ
ΰɵ⣬һ˵ͻȻЩںΪˣ
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ٶȿ磬ӿľʯ俪漤ȥ
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أͻȻһٵصĿֲƣƴгԭĶѨ˲ݡݵһ˲䣬ͺΰһǰһ
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˵꣬ߣһŵѾɫ԰׵ѱסԶȥ
˼Զ㻹ǸоĵһֲޱߵƣںΰעУԶһââ䶨˶Ȼȥֻһͷ޴ǣǰأ쳤Хá
Ϲǣͺΰγ׵ı𺳣עųޱƵľ޴ǡ
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ѹ֣˵˭ôֱʣʮɴûľѪѹһԭʥΰô⻪ľѪҲͨѪܻûתɽӱҲ򵥲ˡ
ͺΰעʥʥȻ˺ѿռ䣬ûռ֮УʧԭŤתĻ棬ҲƽϢ
ʧ֮УоӡҲҪȫӿ룬ѹŬԴ˺Ѱʹ
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ΰһĻҲüѣҪǰס㣬ȴ𿪡
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㣡û°ɣ㣬ΰ˵Ŀⶼת˹
ҡҡͷӡĹŹ֮УûлشǵĻ
ոôˣûش𣬺ΰٴһ䣬ʵﵽ̶ֳȣԵ޹Դʹ
㿴˺ΰһۣĵĴһ䣺ð
һ仰ûðԱſڵϣ


660 鲻Խ
ʥƿռ뿪֮ٴβ̽һڵĵطǽϱϵһ׭׭ѹõġǴ˿ȴƬȥЩĶҲҵһЩҲмֵֻԵõͻʥѪ˵Ե΢ˡ
㣡ʲôһ紺ˮɨһĶ澪ѣתͷˣû°ɣǺѻôһֱ겻ᣡ
˼ӡ˼ջǰգմŷɫС黨ϥȹ֫Եӯա¶Сȣϸ۰ף޳Ӱ͹۰׻ļ覣
̲ⷬסգյסոոƿ㣬ȴдųȵУ˳㡣
ٹһЩҪˣջ˵ͷ㣬͸¶ųȵɣͬһϸ¶ֱͦı£촽ϸ޵
㱻գ̲סȥ˵ĺ촽סյ촽ϢֻܲĽϸ
˳յȹյĴȣһĵطζյ͵ĽӲ㰵Ծ裬ͷջշӦҰԼٴҧˡ
Ӳһ壬
㣡ҪҺãһֱҺãͻȻ૵˵һ䡣
㿴ŴʱգҺ첻ɢ˵ķζտһۣ漴ı۾ξΪ̬յһ
С㣡ͣĵطһգȻͬһŲ
ţղ֪ĬϻǲСķһ䣬͸ɢ˺Ρ
̵סմ𲻴ӦʱյһȺȥڳյͷͬˮһȹڡ
ǺΣ͸ļֽյ¡»䣬ֻѾŹģó֣鲻Խѹѹˡ
ռ㲻Ͷϵ²̲ס˵ң
˵꣬յֳ˳ţҪȹԴϳȥֻڲǺܴһҲûг
ٺ٣ЦЦûյĻȥȼ²
պ٣ֲ֣ÿ̲סǰӨĽҪѶһ塣
˼£ڰԴϵȹȥ۾ŻָߣȵҪԵģ޶ɬĵ̬㲻
ҪסڵգԸյ䣬΢΢ýųſգȻͬһ㣬΢΢ѹ˽ȥˣʱоһƬŢ֮أЩûסʹеͶ
ۡ
ҧҧݣı䣬Ҷ
ƽƬ֮սץ΢΢ɣһ㣡
ͷƶڶݵʹ̲֮ס㽥ļӿٶȣһһİƶˡ

ΪԼҪˣշſߣһ˵Ҫתһ壬ȴǣ˿ڣ̲ס۵İһ
㣡޶ɬͬʱ̲ס޺޵һ£ͨ졣
㿴һһգְ뻳УϲĵյԼ
С㣡ԺҪҸѾˣպ˵
㻹˵仰յԲ۾ֱֱĶ㡣
ʼѵҪҶС㸺𲻳ɣ
˵ݣľһ̵ҲûļϺݺݵҧһ˵ҪͣȻҹС㣡
˵⣬ͻȻֿЦвȼ˸˵ĶӲҶˣôողҪô
뱧һս»ǻˡ˵СҪҪң
У࣬漴Ŀ˵˼һأ
仰ʱͷ޹Ŀա
ռίģЦЦͬ峿ö

ŽһĹϵոǲ㡣ҲһЩھǸεżŵӪŵ֪յĹϵû¾͵յϷϷ㵱Ȼ뷴Ϸȥ뵽ջᱩߣվ
㱻Ϸ޿κεģŵͿĴЦ㷢ݵǣվȻҲŵЦ㡣
ţҽĶ㵽̲סѹûпŵŵĶҧгݵ˵һ䡣
ŵһۣʲôû˵ǶŴһԵ˵գ˵ҸүŮʶ
ңնʱüۿ㣬ߵַ䣬Ҫʶ˭
ܵʹᡣŭŵȴٿĪ磡
ȻżҲһֻ㿴ȴ飬ǰҺƽЦЦ˵һ
ѼˣҲ̲ס͵ЦѣĿ⿴Ȼζ˼˵ڲҺɫ˰ɣ
Ĳ񻰵Ů˿޲ÿԼҲǻ켣ɫȮôꡣھȻŮ˵Ϸȴûз֮˵ȥûˡ
ҺõǣѴʱҪ̻飬˼ֻ֡Ҳ֪лʲôܸоѺһʱ򣬺Щͬ

µʱȥˣ֮Уһֽ㣬Ȼ㶼֪£뿪˾ǡ
㿴µֽȻ֪һᵽǻ̲סᣬЩ
˵Ժȥҵ˵һͬҶ˼ΪƬ½ҫ۵ŮˡͻȻ֣˵
㵣˵֪Ҷ˼飿
ɫЩ죺ɱ˵ģձĴԼµˡ˭Ҷ˼ڵʱҶ˼ͬͬ
ôһ˵ǻȻЩʱԼҶ˼һ뿪ģڶ峿һ֣ʱԼû̫࣬ȷʵ˸档
Ҷ˼ôˣѡ
ѿһ˵֪
˵ʼҲ˵ʲôеǲѵĻһϢûС
Щţƺ֪㿴ĻԣϽһҶ˼㲻˵
Ŷ˵û°ɡҪҪȥһˣ
һ㶣漴ҧҧ촽Ȼ˵һĪĻõѣ
˵仰㻹δӦѾ뿪С㶵ĿŤĽ


661 
һʹȻһʹһǲһģϴӲһȴ̴ǰ뵽ʹһͼ˽ܺͻʵںȲơ㿴һĻ̲סһ䣬ǻ¡
˰ʵۼ㵽ȵĶ˵ӲʳǵûзƵġ
ڻʵ۵̬ȵǲֻ֣ʶ󴳻ʹ̣ȴһ
ʵ۱£Цתͷ򽭿˵壡
Сӷ绨ѩˣЦЦĿ˵ϵǿˣֵҲŮΧơֻ㸸޹ϡ
ٺ٣㿴ЦСС֣ȵϽ壬ͻʵ۱£ǻŮ˿϶ҶĶࡣ
ҵûŮ񼫵飡λʵ۱ºǧעҪµġܿʵۡ
ҪƽʵµЩͺȳˡǣǰͻʵ̸ЦӣȴŤͷû
ֵǻˡʵЦ˵㣬ǰλֶһˣҪµҲӲˡ
һ˵˵Ҳ˭Ѿһˣʵ۱ҪȻǧøҡ񶼼ע
ʵۼˣ㵹ǻΣ޵ûǱʣЩͺͷеһƴ
ܵǾĿһ۵ߵĺܽҲ˭ķҲ
û뵽ǰ֪һ仰ȻǷԣҲûֻͣ˵СҲй
ɻĿһۣнҲѧ˼ҵķԡԼ֪仰ΪҺһλϼһｻǳżȻ
λСѪ壡ڶǹעôҲ֪Ǹǻ˵ԺڵˣܿǾϣҲֵ˺ô
仰˵ͷ˵ңȻȥȻ
̾һҲ˵ʲôеĵλ͸ҴʹҪղĻֻᱩߡ
ʵ۱£ĿռͨһãĿתʵۣ˵
Ȼԣʵ۵ͷЦͽǰռͨ
ʵЩҲݣЩѡֻǻʵ벻ͨǣΪʲôҵ䵽Ҷңڴ½Ҳؼ塣ؼ壬϶ܵõԽԴ츳ӹӵҲ
㣬Ǻܸ˵ġϾ޷ʱʱֳһ£ԼΪѡҪʰվңʰҵҪ価ˡʱ뿪ϽԺ쵰鷳ˡԣͲý㡣
ܰ͵ռͨ˵ԭǴ㵽ģ½һЩ飬Ҳ֪Ǹ쵰ʥų¶ᰲøϻȥ
ҧгݵӣǸʥųʲô˼
̾һ˵ʥʵһԿף屻ռ䣬ȻѹʥҲʱո˴½ȴû뵽ʧʥȻƷʥϵȻҵص½İ취½϶Ѫȷ硣ңʱ򶼱˼Ҫص½ȻҪȾ⡣
˵⣬̾һ˵ˣ˵Ҳûã㰲ɣʵȴﵽܣ˾Ҫ㣬Ҳù˼һ
֪漰Ϲ֪Լ֪Ҳ޼¡ûмʣ̤˿ռ֮ͨУڱռͨûһǣŻʵۺʵ۱£ģһġ
仰ʵ͵Ŀ
Ȼʵ۵ĿԣҪĻȻ⡣һ϶ͲԼߣԼߣҲ
ûͨʧҲŻʵ˵ʵ۱£ҲҪǰˡʳ͡
ʵȻ˵ϣһӶҪȴЦ˵ã

ûռͨռͨȣмߣԽռ䡣ȴ֪ʳǲ֪жſռͨûһܵʱ䣬¶
Ԥϵһܶʱ䣬űռ˳¶㣬һƬԭϡԭ鲼ήϢȡ
ռͨ͵λòȷģֻȷŵλáƬռ䣬ֻȥ̫Ҳ֪Ҫ߶òҵǳأ
ǰ·һ죬һڻǻԭ
þˣһ·۵ʱͻȻðһһӰվǰ
㿴ƿճֵߣһ˵ĽݼҵĻǾģ
㵹Ǵܲ³ҵ߿㣬˵һ壡Ϊң벻㻹ڴ½εڴǵ۹ǵǲֱȥɱ㣬ܵ
лȻ֪ڴǵ۹ûлҡϽڻʹҲ뵽ͨʳǵĴȥˡԣˡ
ֻռͨ͵λòȷǵĴƪпܣԷԼĻҪɲǰȷһʧӦûͬڱĵطˡ
һҲܲ²ĵ
ңΪҵʺϵıѳȥǻ㱻ռͨ˦λ̫ƫҲ㡣ǵܺã̫Է˵ŵǬķϣ뿪
Ц㵱ǴܲɣһܣҲвң
ʰ㹻ˣ߶㣬ѹӿɹ쫷磬ƺҪһ
֮üͷ˲˶ԷʵЩ˼ɣϾ֣֮ԼսʤҲ׵飬οҲ֪ԷﵽʲôΡں׻ģﵽн׵ĻΣնָ˼֡ҪǶԷаֵĻ鷳
ҪʶȤͰѾŵǬǲƽնɱܵ¡
Ц㵹ǼƽԿһ˲ɱģбȥҰ
仰ͬһƵģĶ˵ȷʵǿɱǣɱɱ㣬Ҳ²Ҿġֻᵱڻҵ
Ҳ˵ʵ̫Լɱ˵֮Լֲûս
ԷһĶ˵ԼȻҾһ̣
˵꣬ؿռ俪ʼ䶯ӿҪС㣬Ȼ¡ŵǬʩչռߡѿһ϶мŶԷĵȻ֪оŵǬʩչռں֮Ըңһɵ棡



662 ɱн
ҪҾ򣡡ŭһһȭֱֱɨ˳ȥȭͷƲ񷣬ֻԷҪȥ
ֱȥȭͷԷŭһܣֱֱӭȭͷһʱоһɿֲӿȭ㱻̤ѻԭȳһ޿ӡ
нף˦ļҪѵֱֱֱۣĶŶԷ¶ءܺͺ֮սǺн׵ײǷһܶԷһҪ̶ȹǿĻᱻըѡ
׺֮һ׵Ĳ𣬲֮ߣ׾Բܿнף˵޶ԿˣֱۣǾ˼֡
ԷͺܾĿһۣû뵽ܵסһ
мѹָšԷһ˵ע
˵ͬʱгһѳ裬һмɽת֮һʶռ䣬
ŲңΣӰХһƬӰʧԭءµĲӰʵķ飬żŽ㼤Ӷ
ߣ
ԷһٴӿΪĳ߶âǣգնѹƵģµĻԭƬƬݡ
ɫأн׳ԤϣҪܿǲѡϾңεٶȲ׷ϵģҪɱĻȴѶȡԷʵǿԼ̫ˡǣ㲻ɱһͷŭԼܵԷ׷ɱܵˣ
ɹȫ߶Ҳãޱռ׹
ʿԷȵĿһۣ漴˵Σ
˵꣬һ޴ޱȣһɨؿռ䶼ըѿռڶ
㲻ɣŭһͻ׵磬ֱֱĳסԷĽ֮ǵģ췣֮ӿڶԷĽ£ʱһɹɷɣ˺ѿռһѷ졣
ƴȫʮɵӿͬʱʩչĿסԷԺн׵ߣ㲻˿Сӡ
߼һ㵲£΢΢üͷеٴλֳУ𶯣һƬ貵Ľȥѹ㲻ͣЩǱ
ȫ˵ءҲɽѵ֮ܣ
Ҳ֣ȻǿĽĽҲ޵ǿĽףƴϱ˿˿ľë
߸ܵƣҲѡһޱֱ˼ƽĺ֮¶ĶְɡңҺԼﵽнףҪȻҪС
ߣֳ£𶯶£Ű
֮׺ĽĽסԷǻǱɱĽڽڰˡֱ۷飬еҪֶ룬⻹ǺнףҪǴﵽ߽׵ģԼѾˡ
Ժ߽׺죬Ҫâа˵ûдﵽǺ͸߽׺ս˶áҺõǣԼң⣬߽׺죬ӵĻ߽׺ҲκβԼ
䡭
ٴνײһĽݻ٣Էĵɳȥն̤ķ飬֮Զȶ塣
㲻ҵĶ֣ǿվǱȲҡﵽʤңǽذܡԷ˵
仰һǿɲһ˵ɱ㣡
ǾĿԴ˭ɱ˭ԷЦһһŭһٴɨ˳ȥ֮ϣռҡɣµĵزĹâȣҪյҫ۲ѡ
ܸоеѪڵһ֪ԼʵǵסġҪܿȴԷĽƷס·ողӣʱѾʧȥˡ
磬ֱĿڡ
޿ɱܣһһҧŶԷ˵ҪҲ
ȻܣһŶԷĺ˹ȥһ裬Ǻǿȴ磬ޱȡһҪֵ߲ĻȻᴩԷĺ
һһ㻻㿴ŶԷݺݵĺ
仰ԷЦΪʲôң
ԷĽƾȻ㣬Ŀڼȥ
˾Ȼ㣬綾˵Ҫ˵ҪԽԽ˶뿴˭˭˭ͳ˭·硣
˭뵽Ľ˭û֣ɲϼ˵ҪԶ˶ڵȣŶԷȷ֣
㲻£ѵҾ𣿡ЦĿ㣬ôᶼԼѵҺ㻻
ϾҪ̵ԼؿڣҲһû뵽һĲĺԼҲһļһ
һѾӴʱҪжˡҲӴԷĺ
ԷȻĲܣҲžšû뵽ҵԸȥСԼû¶ľ֮ɫ
һȻɱ㣬Ҳضᴩɡ
ǣʱ˶ˣֻĿ˵ԷҪɡ
߾֣ȴûһ취ֻܵȴ˶
ҵһҲֵˣҵҲܵĺɡ
뵽⣬ޱһҪĿڹᴩ
ȻҲ͵ٶһӣ˶Էĺ

һ죬Է䵽ĿڴҲᴩ˶Էĺ
ҿɲôɵ
仰Уߵۿ㣬дž֮ɫۿԼѪҺԼȴֺܴŵõطһŶŶ
߲ʣ͵һӿӿȻŶס𵴳Ǻϣ㵹ɳȥģɫ԰ףѪҺȻ˲ơ
䡭
һ˿߲֮ʵĵڵϣƮȴĽķ顣һнףĽ¡
壬ŶԷʬ壬ЩҡʵԼԼǿһߡǣԷûʥԼСԼļƣΪԼԣŶȫܵסԷһȻΪˣԼֻˣȴҪĴۣԼ
ǰʵϣǰϡ
ҲܣʹҲѪ˲ơʱϢܻĻָġ
ѶԷϵĶĨֵǮĶջؽָǰȻҲ
Щʱ򣬼Ϣӿɫһ䡣˲̫̤࣬ңԶ䡣
ȻЩǶԷͬ飬ĬĬԲҪдܡûдܵĻȫκβԼ


663 ܳ
뿪˴Զĵطż߳ڱնɱߣһۺ̴ߣЩɫӵѿ
һ˳С·ĳǳ˸Ϊ׷֪ͨдܳϣ˵ѾҵˣϢҪĽ֪
ǣ
ǵãǧҪǳأҪȻãã˺˳˺ĳĻҪҵˡ
Էѣ˵ͷʼֹŸոո֪Ϣ׷ȥ
ڼߣȻ˲ٵƣٶȴҲ̤֮䣬ͬХһԶȥУƮƮɡ
ͬʱҲʳһЩҩƼһЩһ·Ѹ缲磬մһӰӣż˿һĻѡ
׷ȥˣҲѡٶ̫ˣڲϵÿ롣ò˶ãǾҪǰ˦
㰵һоϢԶУԷûдܡֻҪԷİΧ֮УǾκβԼ뵽⣬˼֡
Ϥ·̣һ·У˲·ʱżһ޴ĳǳءǳأϲȡߣϣųǳصķȥ
ֻҪǳ֮У˺ΡͲܲ̽Լ
׷ˣ㼤ǳأҲΪ֮һԷҪǽǳأĶ׷ˡңԼҲˡ
סȥΪ׵һ߼˵
ϴٶ̫죬ǸϣƵģҲһ׺һͬشץס;ŵǬƳ
ƺΪϴȴûôֹۣͬʵһڸϵ˳ǳûУ
Ӧõ˰ɣͬЩȷ˵Сٶ̫졣Ȼ˲·ǲԼͬһ˳ǳء
仰ϴżҪǵ˵ĻԷôǰ㡣ٸʮϢʱ䣬Էûǳˡ
ϴżʱһ͵ǵǰ棬Ķһۣ
Ǹˣϴдϲǰ龰϶Լͬ鵲ס㣬ӿٶȣһΧסз֮ܣҲӲˡֻҪסǾͶһͨĽݹľŵǬǵġ
ϴ˵꣬ͬҲ˷ܵǰ˹ȥ
ϴ㱻ͬ鵲ס˻Ŀ㣬дĹâ㣿
վԵϷƣһ·ŵҩ͵תƺ˺ܶࡣˣһҾǣ
ǾͺãߣѾǬܿҵķϣɱ㡣һŭ˵
ЦЦոɱһǿ˰ɣģֻǿʼѡǾһһɱ
һŭһȭֱ˶أ֮õ³ǳصĳͷֻɨһָ֮Ե顣
򶷲ɱ飬Ѿֲˡ
һȭ˶ԷɫҲŲ԰ףܶԷֻ׶ѡԼѾƣȫһȭЩǿһܵ׷ϢܿҪΧҲЩ˲ȥϾ޷ôǿߵΧ
뵽⣬㰵Ŀ⿴֮µĳǳء
ҪӣԷȻܲ뷨һ˵Ӳ˵ġ
˵꣬ƶȥа˼
Ҫӣƾ׻סңߵǴ򵽺нףԼˡǣֻнףκβԼʹԼѾˡ
ܲܵסԾ֪ʮֲ˺ΧһѾܶˣȻԷ˵ס͸ܲˣ󣡰ϴǰҲѷɡ
ȻҪס´󹦣뵽н׶ڶԷУǱյĵ˵ͷԱ󷨣Χȥһ㣬Ƕ£λá
һżӲͬ˿о֮ǰһ׷ϢԽԽ֪ٲȥԭŶԷδ֮ʱɱһˣԼ۸ڣӳ˵Ƚлᣬܻᱨġ
뵽⣬趯бãһصĺۼʳ֣ۼ֣ط·ܵƵģ㹲
СģСҪþŵǬŬס󷨣Ҫߡ
ɫأŵǬΪͨòСġ
ԷĻҲ˵ŵǬʩչԽ࣬ԽãԽܸоصϡϣϡֻ֮ͬںϿռ֮
ǧϣܸ֪֮仯ͨİ֮֮ͨͨ顣
趯£ռȻСһ㣬ƺƵģڿռС£ռȻֶϺۡһϺ۳֣Ϻ۵ĳ֣ԷĴͲ£ɫһ䣬Եȫӿִת
ϧľŵǬλЦĿ˵
ֻһƤëҲ㹻ˡ㶢ŶԷЦһ·˹ȥ
ʱԷͬҲߣʮϢܸеΧС
˼ϲһƺ£һҪûƿͲѷɡǶԼʵģǲƿǵ󷨵ġ
䡭
һƺڶԷĴϣռͻȻߡߡ֮Ť󣬴ŤһúڶԷߡһ㣬ԷĴ˲ѣ㼤ԷİΧȦ
㼤֮󣬹Ц˵ǲãǲš
˿·磬ֻҪһ˲ûǳص㣬ɫѿʱǵͬҲϵϴ󿴵һĻ޺޵ĵһۣ֮Ȼһ޶ס
ϴλãɫҲÿô׷ɱöԷѡֱԷһ
µ˼ŽµĳǳأԼٶȣκβԼˡӰûǳ֮УһĻϴɫѿ㡣
㵱ҾʲôèϷˣ𣿡
ԭɫѿϴ仰ɫʹϲԪϣְס
ܵǹѹƣɫҲ˱䡣û뵽ԷĴܾȻ˹ٶ͵һᣬųǳмȥ
϶ѣѣ
ԷһأռȻ£ʼ
ݵͬʱԷһҲնʱ־޴ƣƴ֮£磬ֱȥٶȱ㻹Ҫϼ֡
㿴һĻкȻޱȡɫ䣬Ҳ˲ñָᶯһ΢۾
ĺ£΢۾޴ĴӰŴܳȥѶԷƵ
һǴżЦ޴ݺݵѹ£磬ء



664 Ѳ
֮ءףѾǷѾ뵽һֲΣǺ춥壬ڴܵУҲֻ߽һ·ߡĴڳ֣Ҳóǳ˵עӣ
ޣĴ򶷲Ŀǣﵽ˴ܣͻ˾ηˣһεĴڣÿͲɱĶԷܵĳֻǲģͨڣһҲһõ
ĺ֮٣жٺ֮ܿԽ˵ľͻƵܣ
žηĿ⿴֮ϣرǿǸȻҳֶԿܡоͬʱ־̫ɵˡԷܣⲻ𣿾ܣӰȷʵԵֲ
䡭
ԤϵӰܵľƺ飬ֻ˾ȵǣںԷƵʱ򣬴ܵľƱ˼֡룬棡ֻء
Ʒףף
ڴӰһǣֱһӣһƵ֮췣һ㣬ĺƶȥ
ף췣ܾĿ׵һۣ̲סһ䡣
䡭
׵ھ֮ϣɱܵľƺķ飬׵ɢ׹⣬ɢظ׵Űһ˴͵Ŀ㣬湻档
飬ӡٴνŵǬٴʩչռǰŤһռߡҪסܡ
ֻܵľƴݿһľŵռķ飬ǿĹûеסƣĺϣʱһѪҺ˳˱·ȥǳ֮С
ܿűǳص꣬ߵ˵ûУûеĻȤȻС
仰ߵͷųǳ֮мȥ
ܿ죬͵˳ǳбըĴӴǰĴӣЦһνƻţҲӲˡ
Ц֮䣬ֱ˦ڿûбжϣȻ˴ܾƲٵµ㹻౬ˡ
ԭΪڿ֮Уһ֮ɫȴʮѿڴ֮УȻûӰԭΪеӰ֪ȥˡ
أܺ£ɻʵ
ˣҧгݣɫһһס
ˣܴ㵣ҲӦոһûѾˣԷӣ
ǵģֻӲͷƤ˵Ȼûҵǿ϶ˡ
һ仰ôܵɫҲһƳߵϣʱһ׵İӡݺݵ˵ȥң
ܵɫѿˣûоԼһܶԸһޣȻˡҪǴȥԼûˡ
ǣһͬҲⲻˡôܻӵˣǴܵһ
һƽϢһͷ˵СӾˣҲ϶ˣǰңһЩ
һҲΣǳص˺ֹҪһ˺֮ѣ
֪ͨĽݹ壬˵СӶǳ֮УǰҳųţǳءֻҪǳأһܷԸ
ȻԸĽݹѰУϾҪõŵǬʱ廹òͶԷǣҲ֪ƾֲϾ˲ࡣ
ǣһ߹˵
ˣȥŰɣסţҪǳءҲЩģԷҪǳޱߣĻңҪҳ㣬ǳ˵Ρ
ž߶뿪ɫѿ벻ͨԷӵ˵ġ뵽Էеֵһ˿ȣһ췣֮óܲ١ŵǬȻҪҲİþͱȾŵǬ뵽⣬¶һҪ㾾
ֻҪǳУҾа취Ҳ֪ǳ˭ˣӦȥǳˣæҪҳ˺ܶࡣ

ھƻžʱȴ˵壬һƵլ֮Сʱǻһ˿˿ѪҺڵѪɽһ㣬඼λ۵ޱȡ
ȡһЩҩʳһЩŻָһЩ
ʹֺ֪ܽܶôֲ΢۾ƷףŵǬǿУǿʩչǵסܵһ֪ܵĿֲҪѾĹǿط׭ǰ˶ԷƵĴԼҪڵ
ǾǿҲǿӳʱоǼܶҪˣ
ҺͼŵԼ͵Ļָһ֪ڶԷ϶ҪԼ˵֣ҵԼļҪĶࡣ
ҪԼͨģ˿ƣ
ĬĬļƽϣ㵹ǲѡȻԼĻָٶҲˣʱڣ϶ָܻ˿ĵزֻԲҵ
㿴˿ƵԺӣﵹһĵطƫƧƽҲû˻ӲݴõΡ
͵ɣ
ʼͼ֮еָ壬ָֻһЩܶԼʩչҽԼӹڵõĴҩˡ
ǴʱԼӲһ˿Լǧְ취Ҳûá
һ˿˿УʼƽϢѪ

ͬĽݹڳǳѰ㣬ǳ˵Ҳ̫ˡϾÿĴʤ˾˳ңѶϵҲÿʤȴҲ㣡
ȻھŵǬĴ̼£ѶٴҲûзģڳǳоȳһ˵ˡ
ڳǳֵ֮Ļ̻̣ܶ˸ŭԡϾԷÿһʵֲһЩ̲ס档ֻֻ˵һ仰Ǿǣһǵġ
Ĵô˵ŲʵĴӦȻԸ⣬ǻǲ̽еԱֻǰЩҪࡣóĳһЩԹ
ҲǳĽһЩôȻǾСҲԸֵĻ̻̣϶ԷѰڳԼˣȴûɳȥԷΪһСС꣬顣
ֻܾȵǣ굽׶ô󵨣Ÿͬʱ塣ȻϽҲ˵Ľݹ壬رǾ壬ϹʱڣһȻֻ˻һǿߣ࣬ҲСӡ
֪ҵҪ֪Ļû巽㡣ϾȻǿҸǿ
ѰݱĽУʱȥˣĽݹȴһʲôûѰ֣ѾұǳصԱˡȴûзǸСӡ



665 ƻ
ǳеԱһ飡ǳ϶˲šǾȻδСӣѵСӲڳǳˣ˵ûܶƣɻѡ
Ĵܲһûش㣬ѾϡҪǶԷδһƵĻ˵ʲôԸš
ѵʱ䣬ƾͺˣͻȻ뵽ֿܣҡҡͷΣⶼǲʵģǿٶȣô
ȥңһһҪô˳ǳءֻҪǳأһܰܶߺȵ
Ҳѣǲòãã˺д롣

ڳۡУһպĵطԱϣطһͨɫԲ԰׵꣬Ŀ⿴ŴſڣŸۡ˰ѼĴߣһ˿аȵЦݡ
ҶЦʲôһµۼЦĹŹ֣̲סһ˵ȥᶫ㿴ЩǸʲôЩǿǺ֮ﲻġǽ̤ʵص²źá
Ҷ꿴ߵһۣۣʱһݵ߳ŵļߡ
ҶȻ㣬ڵڶͻָһ룬ŵȫεĹȥͬһһֻɫЩ԰ףһ˿԰ײӰʲôϾܶӪ˶
ž弸߳˴ţлǸ˲ѵģԼƤ£κεԼ
Լܰͨ˺ڵ֮еĸֵ֮ҵһݵĸҩָҩƳܸı˵ĳ࣬߻á
ҪأȻͰҩһЩȻϡҩȻܸıͣǻһͨȴѡͬǰĻױƷһһѿŮˣܻһŮ
ĸҩҪǰĻױƷöˣһ˸
Ȼⶫܸı䳤ûȴı䲻ˡһȱ㡣Ҳ£ǳغԼĲĺֹǧֻҪھǰεԷ뵽Լ㡣
Ҷû°ɣʲôһ°λ֮뿪Ҳع㣬ϾжԷöԷµġ
ŶãϽ϶ǰȥæ
ͨˣȻȻһԭ׼ȥǸۡһҶȻŵġϾԼҶְܳϾԼй飬һǵ۹ʵ۷ΪһҶ
ԭԼȥӦƸҶǴ´ġû뵽Ҷˢۣ벻ֻܹͨڸۡĿǳϡ
˼Ҷ۾۰ɡ㵹νмƻôܳǳءҪշɳȥǲܵģԷܿ϶ܷ֡ȻնǾֻܴӳųȥˡ
ҺõǣǵĻܶ࣬ʱҸȥС
˵ᣬ㲻Ǹͬһ̺ջ̣һУǰˡǵǸŮ˾ʿģʿһֻᡣ
ϽʱȻʿᣬǲû̫⡣Ͼ㾩ǵʿᣬҲһҵ൱ѡͨǶڴﵽֲεˣȴʲôңϽҲʿ
ǣ㾪ȵǣʿλ֮ߡǳأҲͳĵλ𹫻һ㡣ңڳǳҲкܶ
ʿҪԶԶϽԻͣ
һſѹһʰ֮ϰٸ۲ŵһߵĶһļ˵벻㿴һûԱӣͦġҰᶫҲĿ졣
ЦЦԼƻδȫԭҲܱģȻ䡣۶ܶﵽ֮ǱȴԶˡİ˵ٶȻѹƵģеƫϡԸעĿ
û˵ǳǳس˴ܣһһϢȻʼŸ飬˵ҵѾߣǳϵĹѸ˵ǰһսЩ۲ѡ
Ҳ˵ˣʱۿ֣ܳһƶ£ضҪѹƵġôƣǰ޺ǿ̫ˡ
ǿɲҪȻô㳬ףǿǿǸҲ̫ǿˡ
԰˵һȻûɱǸ꣬ǸˣĳǸܵһơ
ҵʱ쿴ˣǸֵܵһơǴܾǴܣݿһУϡյǳУǺȴˡ벻ôܵסһеġ
һ˵֮ûдﵽֻһޣǲ˼顣
ǰ̫ˣǸҲԶԶĿһۣӲǴ󣬹ƱǻҪС벻ʹﵽޣӲ˴һҪʵöð
ҪʵȥϵĹѸͲ᲻ˡǱˡֻҪлﵽС
ҲǡҪǴﵽǸΣۣһҪȥȢӵұۻΪܳԱʹһЩȡ

Цã뱾ҶŲǹҶҲǺ飡ȻĻ˵ȥ˵ȥȻᱻΧȻ˵Ϊ˭ȥʲôҪǴﵽǸľ磬϶Ͳˡ
˵ۣҲ̲ס̾Ϣһǲġǰֵ°ɡ
Ļһ겻ѣͷ˵ǡ
Ϣһ֮һֿʼ˶˵ⲻһЩ̸ʶѣʱںһ£ûġ
ڳǳ֮д죬ÿ춼ظ˹Ķɵһʱ䶼ȫָ
ҪˣҲ֪ʿ᲻ʺϡҪǱ˷˵Ļһ鷳顣
ǵ취ǳأ˳ǳ֮ǿҸطȻáңŵǬҲԽԽ˳֣ȫԳ֮ˣһʺϵĵطһٴﵽ졣Ҳ˼Ա֮
뵽ЩҪǳصĸУȻҲ֪Ľݹ;˾ڳŴҪȥҲô򵥣ϾԼֻǸıò͸ı䲻ˡ
ԼϢ㵹ǲ¶ԷĳϾҪôױ˿͸ĻͲܳΪĵˡ
ΪǳΪѵʱʿȴһϢ
ȺˣŸλˣѺ͵̳ȥ
ҪͳȥȻȻҪǡԼɸһǣңЩ۶ˣĴ඼࣬ôһȥǵڻȥҲпܵģ
뵽⣬Ͱģ׼ŸλһǡֻҪ˳ǳأԶأҰɡ



666 
ڶ죬ʿֻ˺ƺƵѺʮųǳ֮⿪ȥѺʣƺƵϰһ
ƵȺ֮Уһ֣ܿ͵˳ŵλá
վסҪŵʱһŭ͵ƺƵĳֻͣʿʿʱ¶ɫЩǳǣҪѲһһҲͰˣǼÿһζҪ
һ궼ҲҫߵһʿСֹеĲ
ȻҲ˳ʿʿֳ̬ȣԷҪѯҲϣɶԷ˵ʲô
λһ£˵ҪҵˣǶС߼Է˵̬ȣ̲סȳ䡣
ʿһͷĿԷ̬ȣһãáǵĶУ첻ˡ
㡭˲뷢йһʿѣȻҶССǣ뵽ʿĳȻλֻֻɫÿ
һ˵ѣ
ţͷĿȵ߲ŭҪҾңҪȥġǲˡǳˣʿҲмӡġ
ͷĿĻüֻ˸ɱͷĿҪɱԷĻǾһزϽһ΢΢ºһЩ˵λֻһˣûΪǵ˼οҲϣܲΥ˵ɡ
ߣͷĿ˵һҿԡǲҪײʿˣϣǿһ㡣ҪǻһҵʵǡҲԲѲ顣УмСġϣȥ
ǿʮֲϲֻҲ˵ߵƺƵӪСʼѲѲ飬ĶࡣһѰϾѰͷĿ˵мУΧ˵ͷʶӿ˳ȥѰȻûоǻƾʶǰѰ
˵˵ͷ˼ȴֻһŮˡܲбˣ
ʿǻǺܷĵģϾʿûҪΪһǾԣԲ¾ͬۡǵĵǣƺƵĶ֮Уʿᶼδ֪³ǡ
ˣѰм󣬹ĶʿмһȻ֪еŮ˭ʿһֻƺΪСˣλ϶ܸߡ˻ǲҪĺã
һֿʼѰһ㷢֣Щ˶ʿ̽ıȽϸ۵Ĳѯȴ̫棬һۣǲ̽ˡ
㵲ѣЩѵ֪вܻ𣿱ϾڸУһǻһһ
㲻֪һ뷨Щ˵뷨УôȥۣⶪĲԼȥҲ޹⡣
ܿ죬˾͵ԣЩɨͶһۣȻϸϸѲĴһʿĿתϡ
͵һŬԼֳ״ѹԼҲƽˮƽޱĿżߣȴϾԼǸı䲻˵ģЩ˶ԼѱǲᷢһЩ˿
ԼҪѹƲסԼʱ⼸˶һۣʼһȥ
ԷˣûŬıŸոյ
һʱЩ߲ŰѺƺƵѰ꣬漴⼸˶ʿͷĿ˵ˣɣ
ߣʿͷĿһ˻ֵǣ
ٴƶɳӿ˳ȥ
ģϽˣȻܵҰҪûдܣѲһԣһƳǡߵŭһԹ˵
ҪţĳһֻҪ߳ţɣǾҰɡ
и˵ʱ򣬵һĴͻȻڳŴ˳֣͵һԭģٴ
ܴԼһƣһ֮ԼˣֱԼƶûкõȫһʱûϽ룬ӦǾܵ
ȻܲܲĳҪܲĳĻԼصٺãûá
뵽⣬㲻Ҫߴ˼ӿٶȣϽ˳ǳء
վס
ڳҪǳصʱܴȵһ£ʿȻǻֹͣʱҲұԹѾһˣǻں֮ǰ˵ȴڴǰ˵ʹʿǿ
ˣʲô飿ʿͷĿĶŶԷ˵
ĿӳһɨĿϬߵʱҲ˵ˣѾĲˣûз״
û˵ɨ˹ȥļҪûаסܵĲѯ
ģôܣôҲѲ飡һ䣬ҲֶԷѰ̬ȱˣ۶ҪϬĿһɨ
ɨмʱеʱڿڵˣҪûʲôԸĻҪˡ
ܽᣬͬ࣬ʮö
˭ܼ˻ҳֹüŭ
ʿͷĿϽ˵ǻ᳤Сͽܣ
仰ܵɫŻһЩķºһЦԭٻǺǣС㲻żϷֻǿһۡ
ǾͿЩɣŮȻЩͷ˼Ҳѹ֣ոձѲһʱٱѲһٺõƢҲܲˡ
Ҳ˵֪⳵ɫҲһЩӿٶѰһܿĿתƵ
оĶҪˣתŬĿͷͺ֪ԼҪǱ̽ҪӾˡڴܵ£ͲǶ֡
ϬĿɨϣ
㼸Ҫð亹£ԷܵĿתƿһ˹ȥȴŬõƵԼĺ
߰ɣоԼҪֲסƽȵĺʱ򣬴Ż˵һ䡣
ϲޱȣ벻ǵܶƭȥԷڵڵȥ
ܿźƺƵǵżߺȵԺ͵ĳӣӦĲѯԲܵġ
Ŵܺȳߣ͵ЦѡҪ֪Ҫҵ˾Ƥ뿪֪㻹û뿪
˳֮󣬼ߣһЩ̰ĺţ١һĻüʵôˣû°ɣ
Ŷû£ֻͻȻ뵽Щ鼤һЩһѡ
ţʲôһĺ٣ɻ㡣
ǾȻʿ᳤˵ͽһͬУѵ˷𣿡Ŷ˵¶֮ɫöһһ㶡



667 ǿߴ
ЩСèһĶʲôģ˳ǳ֮˼ҲǿŲٳèĻǾȵʵһ˵ʣ֮һֶ
㲻֪ŹֵĿ㣬èһޣȻʵǿǺ׺ͶȺǿһĻδﵽ֮˵Ǻ洦ģ٣ʿİˡ
̽һ£ȻйЩèΧȴŨŻȻѹƺƵĳӴ֮è
èҲֻʿĳ˵⣬̾һ˵ҪӵһֻǸöã˵Ҳܴﵽ֮ҶҲú°ɣ˵һֻ
ŶĻЦЦû˵ʲôųһ·ǰУ
Ϣ°ɣʿͷĿܶ۵ڿϢ˶ϲ񡣻ѣϯϢ͸̸
Ȼ̸Ȼ벻ǳݵߣʿţҲʱʱЦ֡
żشʱͻȻԭֵȺüҲɻ󣬿ˣ˵Ŀ⿴һ˿Բѡ
ͬ˳ǵķ򿴹ȥֻӱƿһŮ߳
ֻһŮŵӣ̤˫ü䣬ССı΢΢̣δ粻ҲӹףɽžӨʯΣӳǷװһ㣬ʮ
㶼̲סǰһŮףһˣ覣
ôϾŮһۣŶԷųԡ
С㣡ôˣʿͷĿϽܹȥŮ˵
ùңæģֻߡŮһЦݣͬˮһϾ࣬˵ĵ׷·õϴһ㡣
ŮȻߣǶŪһЩè˼ѵջĿ⣬һ
мʿ˵벻᳤Ӷ
᳤һλӣһĽ˵˵᳤Ĵͬһ͸һ㡣֪֮ǲǣ
Ȼ᳤Ĵӿ˿ˣཿһۣϵŮ¶Ҳ벻ˣ˵ЩӣΪ᳤ĴӶ˼ġ
ôƯ⼸ܾȣָŮ˵Ư𣿡
ʵüͷ漴һҡҡͷ˵߲Ტ۰ɣˮܽһ崿ϾʦӦͬˮһջ欣ָоҪѡĻһϲʦ㣡
ΰɣ֮Աǣ漴ЦĴЦ
˵㵹ǸŮȷʵջֻû뵽ʿᱻô˵ˡ
ҶϲһģϲˮܽصģͻȻ˵
ЦҰϲʲôģ
仰ߵ۶ʱڴЦһϲġ
˵ҿҶƽҲô˵ӦϲһġҶ˵˵ĶԲԣ
ʼǸŮЦʵһܣֶϲ
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ûСԭɧ͵ġ̫һ㡣
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˵ͷǲû̫ϣϾƽѹʴһǵһǵĻ˲鷳ӦԹȥ̫ϡС鷳ǵʵȫӦ鷳Ļʿͷٽһ·ѡʲô£
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䡭䡭
̤Ͽȣǰȴһɹ͵𶯣֮쳹ǰŰռŤ𶯣һɹ
ǰǿߴ򶷣һͷĿʵϴô
ͷĿǰŰľɾΪ֮ĺǰ򶷵ʵȻ뵽⣬˺ԭϢǰ꣬ǰС
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˵ÿ춼𣬴򶷲ϣЩǿҲ޶ѣ춼𣿡
ſڣȴû˵룬ǿԷĴսôǵһΣЩľһ˲Ҫˡ
ͷĿҲѣųвϼսӰ֪ڽ֡ŶԷ򶷵ԽԽңͷĿżȴûа취
䡭䡭
һ֮ϣһأɨľҪ˵ϡ
ͷĿһĻһ˺ˣ
Ҫ˵ͼԦҲĲѣǰǿߵĴ򶷲Ҫǻı䷽ĻᲨǡǵʵܵסǿߵನ
ģͷĿҲԷĴѾʼ򲻶Ӷϼ䵽ǳУЩȻʱΪˣʼȥˡһоҪǺϣЩèߵĻʱ޶ûطޡ
ˣˣͷĿ󺰵
ǣ׾ٶȵ϶Էǿߵٶȣܿ˾Ϳˡ֮ϣһʮڽ֣ҲС֮ǿĴﵽ֮ĴನԺɨˡ
ͷĿЩ˲ϵӿкȻѡֻվǰһȫǰ󺰵λǰʿᡭ
ͷĿδ˵꣬ͷĿҽһһúϣ۵ҧгݡߵϽסͷĿ˵ϴЩ˴˻˵˰ɡ
ͷĿͷֻô󲿶Ӻˡ
䡭䡭
ԷĴԽԽңһʮ˰ʹ£Ǹܵûˣһӿɨء

ʿˣʱʼϵĲҽ򶷵ߣϵıɣһɹ쫷磬쫷ŰҪһжƵġ

ߣһ̲סһ⾢罣ƿռ䣬һ֮ûдﵽֵܵģһҪ
̲ס۾



668 
Ȼȴ˺ѣȵǣں䵽ǰʱȴȻʧʧһɶ·ûгƵġ
ͬʱߵ⼸ۣҲҪܾĺͬھҪǵʱʧһɶ
۽ٺȫðɹ亹ͬʱһۣ֪ʲôԭ
λǰסְסְͷĿĺҪЩ򶷵ͣʱ򶷵߾ϣмѾɢеèӴ뿪ҲЩèڷ

򶷵ನԽԽǿϵĳ£һЩ˺ѳƬͷĿŭ˫Ŀ˫Ŀͨ죬˺ѷΣŭ
䡭䡭
ͷϵߴŭ˵ɷս
һ׾£ֳ߽֮޴ײһ𣬻ľŮڵȥ
С㣡ͷĿһɱ֮ľкȻѣ˻ߣڶͷѣٶȱ䵽£ҪΪС㵲һУٶȵϾٶȣͷĿ˫Ѫ졣
ۿһҪ䵽мϣ¶֣ȴΪֻĿ⾢˺
䡭
ھҪʱǵȴȻɢӴ˲ɢĸɸɾ
һĻͷĿԭأʹĲ˲۾ʧ֮һϲȻ֪ΪʲôǵСûг£ĺ¡
ֻЩ򶷵ԽԽǣһԹޱȣȴı䲻״
ˣϽˣͷĿԸ˴󺰵ľ԰ǻˡ
һľͷĿɫ԰ףЩҪܶˡ
䡭䡭
оųľֵ֪סǻȫǱֵʱǰĿռ䣬ȴŤߡŤߡ֮䣬һҲռѷ֮УԭܰǻľȻͱռɡ
һĻ˴ϲǣ
Щ˴ʱҲ˳ְǡ
ͷĿϽһ񣬶պ֪λǰٰæһ
һԵ㿴һĻȴЦЦû˵꣬ϵһЩʯͷָһſʯͷ˳ȥ

һҽд˳մ򶷵Ⱥ֮УһӰ
һӰеʯͷǲϵ˳ȥһʯͷ֮ϴ򶷵ߣһҽﵽ֮ߣҲ͵Ĳҽһա¶֮ɫܡ
򶷵ɫȻΪǶԷǿǰˣոʯͷϵ̲סĺǣԷԼһɫ԰ס֪ǶԷİ֡
֪λǰݹ٣֮ʱ֣ͣմһƾһʯͷ׵شǣʵҪԶԶʤǡ
һƬžû˭վøոһڴ򶷵ĿҲתƵϣĿһѵеˡ
뵽⣬ԷĿתƵԷУȴûзвǵĴڡɻѣ
ͷĿЩ˰ĿתƵӣҲһΪЩҪ򳵶⣬ȴЩ˹˵һǰǰԭ£
ͷĿѵǳӵ˴һʮߣ
ɻʱһ𵴶⳥ĶҪ
һ仰ͬףȴơ仰øոմ򶷵кȻһ۳ӣٶΪ׵˸ȡһЩǰӰһԶӴܡ
Ӵܵٶʮ֮죬תۼʧ˵С
ͷĿŶԷ뿪һŶԷµ⳥ƷǾò˼顣
ͷĿҰЩΪУֻܶպǰЩߣ
ͷĿһ֮ҲǰȡЩƷȴһʱǶǰȻǡ
Ѷȡ˰ɣλǰҲۡ
ڵһ󲻼شеС㻺ͷĿ˵
ǣͷĿŵͷѶԷ⳥Ʒȡߡһ󣬹ȻҪ
ˣԷһ벻ͨģǾȻһۡ
ͷĿҡͷʱȴûзֶͼȴɴ۾Ŀ㡣ͷĿûз֣ûп㵯ʯͷʱǿһǲ֪ǵľ㣬ЩߵҲ㡣
һ㶵Ŀ㣬ò˼顣
ԷˣЦЦ˵ǵʲô֪һۣǵͬС



669 
ٴǰУ˵̸ۻȻھǵġǰϣΪˣһҪǡǰǣ֮д˶Ҫڷ
ݺ֮̾Ŀеġǰ
涼û֣ܸЩߣλǰʵֲҲк֮ɡ˵ﵽ˴ܡ
ϧλǰûм

۷׷ףЩȴʱʱĿ㣬ȴɫɣЩ֮˿ûӰһ͵ЦҪ֪˵ǰǰۣ֪ͬôһֱ顣
͵͵һۣޱ˷ܡˣֻ֪ܣ
һ·֮ϣ⼸۱ֵ쳣飬Χתе鶼㶯֣ʹǰȥ£ϱ˹ꡣȻһҪ˵Լȴô롣
ʲôЦһʵﵽεǿȥ飬ǻҪȻ֪Щ˿⣬ȴܲ⡣
ԼÿҪæ£۶ٴһ㵽ֻܷе鶼
ȻһĻҲһЩ˿ˣоȲѣ⼸ǸʲôôͻȻôֺҶˣ
Ϊ˵Եʣһ·쳣ЩʿˣÿֻҪų߾ǡ㵹ûָһ¶ˣöϲ񣬶ǹ˼֡
ƺƵĳ˲̣˽Ǽʱǰȴһˣһ˳֣óӵ˲˼ǰվŵʶǵĴ˫һΪ׵һޡ
ͷĿҲһϽóͣ
߿ųͣɨһ۳ӣͷĿ˵Ѷҽ
ͷĿһ㶣֪Է˵ʲôǹʵǰ˵ʲô
߼ͷĿ˼ʱͲ²Ǹǿ߲ӵˣӦżȻְһѣڿȷʵ޲ЩңҺԼһϸϸĲ̽һҪȻԼķԷˡ
⳥ǵĶó߶ͷĿŰԵ
ͷĿһ㶣뵽µĶʱлһѡ߻ñǮƷ⳥ǡ뵽ԷȻǰֻء
Ŀ⣬ͷĿȻߣҲŭԷֻܰѵԷķȡǰĶǰջء
ʶ࣡źһͷĿֻǰһݷó̲סŭһأ
ͷĿ㵣˵ǰһһλǰģǲܸ㣬ҪһλǰǰҪĻ
žͷĿĻδ˵꣬޾һ˳ȥΪͷĿӦĻᶼûУıԷһƣȷڵϣŭŶԷȵѶҪȻȥ
ǰҡͷĿź׵ȻŭɻһݷҸˡҪǶԷ϶ҲҪʱԼòͲôˡ
ʲô㣿ٴһƣȷͷĿ˵˵һ飬Ѷó
ͷĿҧݣ˲ʹ˵ʿһΧǰԿңǲʿᡣ
ʿ᣿ɨһ۳һۣЩè۾͵һǺǣʿңȷʵʿءǣûǿߣǣΣڱ飬ʿҵ˵
㡭ͷĿŭ
ʶȤͰѶóһèҾͲǼƽϡ߿㵭˵ҪòЩͱҲˡ
˵꣬һ͵һ˹ȥһ˲ֱѳ߰ƬɢһƬԱߵܵನڵϣҽ
ʿķϣҲɱ䣬ҲҪߵ۶ͷĿ
ͷĿ׵࣬Թޣȴ޿κΡ˭жԷʵǿ̫࣡
ͷĿİѶȡɿ㣬Ķ˵ˣ㲻ﻤ𣿡
㿴һ۶ЦЦδ˵ʲôϽӵϼһʯͷݸ㡣
㵲ѣЦЦ˵˭Ҫʯͷˣ
һ㶣漴ٺٵ˵ϴδʯͷСҲΪʯͷʯͷ˵ʱ˧
𣿡۾һö̫ǰ;ˣԼⷬģ͸òʣԼε˧Сһ˲ţȻҾ
׼ֵʱеС㻺һ㣬峺ྻһ󴺷㡣ʹǼߣŮΪ֮ʧһ㡣
ʦʿ᳤ǰͱ˵ĻֻʦǰӣҲùɡŮ˵
ŮĻɫ˱䣬ǲŮĻҪǻ᳤Ļȷʵѹֺܶʿᡣֻǣû뵽вһ㡣
ҲգСķϣҲΪǡһóھߡվ˼ʿᡣһΧںǻ᳤ĵӣȴﲻ
С㣡⡭ͷĿŮ˵
߼ͷĿˣһŭҪǲǼ䷨óͲҪҲСˡҡ
߸ºݻǺݻδ˵꣬͵ĲҽһֱϣһʯͷֱۣһѪɹѪҺ
ǰߵɴ۾Ǿ֮ɫôҲû뵽ǸǰȻѵԼʧˣλǰһֱڳ֮У
ͷĿŮһĻҲ΢΢һ㶣ֱϵĹѪҺ⡣
ǣʯͷûи̫ʱ䣬ʯͷƿն䵽ǰһߵֱϣԷӦĻᶼûУıһѪһҽ
ֱֵۣĿų롣
ߴʱѾȷţλǰ϶ڳ֮УһζԷˣһλǰȻŭˣ־͸Ѫ
ǵľ֮Уһ䲻ӿٳһΣ
仰һͣԶܼȥ˲ֱơ
Ÿոҫ˾ߣӵһһۡҪǿǰµѪҺԼʲôûз
ͷĿŮͬüʱﻹףλǰǵĳ֮СҪȻԷôþǣ
ҺãͷĿϲѣŶԷµķϽջⶫܲỹǰҪ˰ɡֻǣǰô֮Уʲô
ͷĿɻתͷ򳵶ӵˡ
Ůͬ򳵶Уɨһˡ
ŮɨǴżЦ⣬ǲ뱻Ƿ֣µļʯͷۼⶪڽ¡
ոհʯͷʱŮĿתƵķ򡣴ӶƿĿתƵϡ֮ĿתƵĽ£Ǽʯͷ
Ůע⵽һĻ΢΢һ㶣ѵԷԼʯͷˣ



670 
Ҷ治ʶ𣿡ŮЦĿ㣬紺ëһһģֱ㡣
ʶ㿴Ůʹҡҡͷ֮һ·ϣŮܶϲʶҵǸꡣ㵱Ȼʸڷϡ
治ʶŮûκ״ЦеĿ㣬ŽµʯͷҲ֪ʲôϸ޳Сʯͷ鶯á
С˵ЦˣһССۣôʶĴⲻ˵Ц˵ʹҡͷ
ŶŮŶһһۣҲ˵ʲôҡҷĽķȥ
Է뿪һŤͷҲɻ㣺ˣΪʲôС֪ǰ
ûСıҪǳϣҪˡЦŶԶ˵㵹ҪţϾǳѾкԶľˣҲõľ塣ֻŮüĿ俴ɫɫŲõԤУŲϡ
Ļ㲻ԸϡȻҲܣǺġϾ㲻عݣ̵ʱҲһЩҪǴҶ֪ǿߣ˶Χߡ
ͷĿСִǸ۵λûüͷ΢΢塣Сƺÿ춼ϲӽۣȻһĴǸ۵ķ뿪ͷĿһֲۣû֮ҲɫСôע
ͷĿԭȥʵģСԸҪ
ͷĿҲûлɹǲڳ֮еǰǿԼ壬Ͼͷ𰸡룬Է׵ʰһޣҲҪʵĴڣôһСӡ
뵽⣬ͷĿһߵһʵûʲô֣
ϴȷǰڳ֮õ͵͵Ĺ۲ˣûзʲô״ȻСȥǸ̸ҲˡСϲʶһˡ
ͷĿʵҲԸǸʵǿǰڳ֮У޷ΪʲôǸǰþǡѵôãպζ·
ͷĿҡҡͷ̾һˣǰȻԸ֪ǾͲҪˡǰ治ڳӣ
ʹĵͷˡ˶ʶģۿܻǿǰ۾Ͳ˵ˣǰǺεۣ
¼ļôǿߡ
ϴǰӦòڳ棡˵ҪȻǰҲòŶɣ
ĻͷĿ㵣漴ͷĿͻȻͻȻһ뷨ǲǿһС㡣Сǻ᳤ĵӣǿ߱Ҳġ뵽ԷҪСʱǰų֡ͷĿǾֿܡ
ͷĿЩʱеŮͻȻһ£
ͷĿϽ˹ȥСʲôԸ
ɽ·ܸﵽĿĵءŮŽ˵
ɽ·ͷĿü˵·кܶܣʿ¶áС㿴
£·УһЩëѣκβǡŮЦ˵
һ仰ͷĿȻ˲׹ҲǣСǿ߱ʲôܣԼСķԸǡ
ǣȥšͷĿϽȥ
ͷĿ뿪Ůķ򣬵ϾƿҲ֪ʲô

˵ʶ׷ɱǸŮû㡣뵽ǸһŮӣͻȻЩûиˣ͸¶һ˼ԷҲÿԼǰ۰
ڸ˼·֮󣬺ƺƵĳӾȻһɽ֮Уɽ֮ԸоЩľ
ˣܾۼ֮أɽͲԭһ𡣺ܶԭܶɽ֮ϳ˵
ȻѹЩľ񶼱
·ܿҪĿĵˣϣʲô顣˵зӦԼ˵ҲǣдҲʲô¡
һ·ٵС֯ܣֻܿͱߡ
ǣǵôãڸһС֮󣬳ڽҪ߳ɽԭʱȴǧ˰Χǧ˻
󵱼ң˴èЩ׳һˡһŰ̺ۣǰ׺ӳȵĶһʣ̰
ͷĿǧܰǰΧҲһһСһվǰһʿʿ֪ܷи㡣
ҵ˭ôֱóôèԭʿġǺǣʿᣬЩб£ʿѲԭܶɱɾܴ󵱼ҹЦЦŲм
ʿȻƴ󣬵಻ϵĲԭϣͬǲСӵġ˴ʹǹ˴ܣҲǡȻڰ˴ܣʿҲҴɱ˴ƿصĲԭ
ͷĿҲ֪ƬԭϣʿвܣĿ⿴ķУŮһɫȹϸխĳȹ¶ഺ壬Ů˵ɫ
ӴȻľɫȱһѹկˣСǣˡܴ󵱼ϴڣʿ˻湻󵨣һ֮·Ȼ·ѵΪʿͷܱסǲɣ
ϴ㳢ֵܲҲζСȻɬ˵㣬ǿ崿ϲܴ͡󵱼ߵһʵ
Ȼֵзݡܴ󵱼ҶŮô꣬Ůˡû峺ġ
ͷĿŶԷԻɰĿ⿴Ů˵С㣡ǲ밵бǰҪȻ¶Է
Ůһ㶣ʲôбҵǰ
ͷĿɻĿŮ˵ǻ᳤ǿ߰
ŮͷĿҡҡͷʦû˱ҡ
ͷĿɫ䣬ۿŮ˵˵ʲô᳤û˱㣿
˵ͷ˵԰ʲô𣿡
ͷĿԭ޵ĵɫ˲԰ףҪûǿ߱ӦԵƻܡȻҪĿĵˣ·ϲ֪鲼ܣܿЩˣһˣοͷĿΪܵסһܡ
С㣡㡭ûЦɣͷĿŲûǿ߱ôѡ·ߣѵС㲻֪·ڰ˴ܵʵΧܵ԰
ŮûпͷĿܴ󵱼ЦҪ㣬͸ϽߣҪȻԴ
вĻﱻŮý˵һܣû˭һ¡һĴЦЦһĿŮСŮޣҪ˵ȵ˫һУҸҵмš
ǣҪȵȾͰեɣмֿܡ
ٺ٣ңҲ̫û˰ɣıһСŮեɡ

ԻﲻϵĴЩܿбĳŮ࣬׵Ϻθ޶ɬһܸǴ󴵿ڡ
ˡֵǣְЩǿˣЩèǵļ˵ܽ˴ﵽ飬˵ܳΪھſܡС
ŮԷĲ׼һϽܵǰʹקֱۣĿ㣬תһ˲ͻƵģѵܿǵħ𣿡
㵣оŮôϳԼˣѵԼôأôţ
˼ŮͻȻһǰקһ۵ֱۣ㵵ĿŮôˣѵܾɣ
ʿͷĿҲɻĿŮСѵԴˮˣ
㲻᲻ɣŮգһ˫⡣
ЦЦŮ˵ôģѵҵ˧ѾﵽֵزˣڲضڵסǱ㷢ˣ
ŮĻɫ˺죬漴˶һ˵ԭ¶һЩʯͷҲû⡣ļۣʵʮĳǶ쳣ĹҾ֪ˡ
һ㶣û뵽ԭһֱΪŮÿʯͷһĻ
ʼûôǿЩܺǿҲõ¡
ŮͻȻ¶һЦݣǾҪҵǸɣܶܵסһУЩСë𣿡
㲻˵Ů¶СѣЦеĿ˵㲻ҪҲ´ˣлʿǳأҲӦþҡ
ŮĻʼ磬ŮЦҲգ͵һǵ飡
վǰһʼλɣҪԶְɡ
˿վܣһ㵵Ŀ㣬뵽ǸոС˵Ļһǵɴ۾Ŀ㣬дŲ֮ɫ
Сʲô˼˵ξǣС㲻˵ЦɣУСǾҪҵʲô˼Ѳɣֵú䶯סܣþ޿κεꣿ
ôܣôǹһôãһһۣ
Ȼ֪ǿҲû뵽ȻǾͳǳֵķзǸ꣬Ǵ͵Ŀ㣬з˾ξˡ
Ȼ֪ЩǼǰľȻһ꣬΢΢һ֮漴Ц·һЦƵġ
һۣһ۾ȻҪԿǣ
СӢ۾λûѰɣ
󵱼ңҴ˰̤Դ

ܴЦͬʱ߰˸ڶ˹ҪͨߣЩƥһĻȻѪģ̤
̵ܲĿ㣬ȴѪȵζ
ǣЩƥҪײ壬Ҫ˷ʱֻһӣһм߰ƥ˲ƷڵϱѿѪɢһأļܣҲڲҽڷ
ʵҲԿңЦеĿܴ󵱼ҡ
ԭ׼˷ܵĿܵĺУһ͵Ŀ㡣ܴ󵱼ҵͫҲ͵һ裬Ķ㡣
㵽ʲôˣܴ󵱼ҿɲΪʵˣһۡʿỹûǿֵز
ʼʱΪʿۡ
Ļܴ󵱼Һһ¸ոһȷʵΪܵס𣿡
Կ֪ˣЦеĿܴ󵱼ңҲˣ󵱼Ҳһ֡
ôĿܴ󵱼ҶŮŮҪˣһҲҪˡ㵲סġ
ƾһǧˣʲôЦе˵
ܴ󵱼Цܺˣ
ǣܴ󺰣ųӳȥ㿴һĻҡҡͷ̾һǻ治ҷﰡ
˵˲䣬ĽмĽʮ䵽ǰʮϣʮ˲ҽһϹƥ̤Ѫģ
Ϣɱʮˣ˲ֹס˲͵Ŀ㣬ǺȻ֮ɫ
ЦеĿ˵ҪҪԣܲһ˲ɱǧˣ
һ仰óе˳ȵĿ㣬벻ڴѵĴȻԵǿơûɱ˶ԷʮˣǲεֶΣңһ˲ɱԷǧˣ
ܴ󵱼Ҳ͵Ŀ㣬û뵽ԷǿֵزҪ͸ǰ·꣬ȴʼҲ͸Էʵ
ҾͲţôǿܶ㣬ѾֻŲ˺죬ǿ
֪һŶԷ˵ҪʮϢ뿪Ҿͷһ·ҪǾͱԹҡ

ºһ˯į䣬


671 
ܴ󵱼ĻĵЦһ˵˭ԭҲţңңֻɱСӡ
ǣλͿ㲻ˬˣһëûг꣬Ȼǰšӿ񱩣צ˹ȥ
˵ʵһ壬һסȻǿ߱鲼ǰһͬʱ֣ռ䣬е˾֪ʵǿܿռŤ𵴣̲סġ
ȥ磬ת۾ްԵֲһ˲Ҫ˺Ƶġ
С㿴ӿһ˳ȥһƳϢצޣȴһ׾ٵĵԭ񱩵ʧһɶİ˵ؿϣһǰһ󵹷ɳȥݺݵڵϣΪ֮¡
վԭƮڵϵ˵ʹһ˿Ҳʰǡ
ܴ󵱼ҵԲ۾Ŀ㣬˵һˡûжãȫ
ȰﵽʲôΣѵܲɣܴ󵱼ԭ겻мһˣǿҲǿޡǴ˿̣ܴ󵱼Ҳ֪ˣʵԶԶ
ǿǺεȿֲ
ܴ󵱼ҿǲ뿪ʱȴʮϢѹ
㻰µͬʱһֱֱĺ˳ȥһ֮£ռѣرѡ
ܴ󵱼ҿһȭɫ䣬ȫޱȫ䵽ϣƥڷɶƥ̤ܲͷѱѿѪȾ棬ҵֱ˦޴Уת֮һļµгȥ
Էһ˺ѿռ䣬ɹ쫷磬籩˿һðź⣬׺һɽˡ㶵Ŀ㣬ҲŵģܲܽһС
ȥԷŭһȭͷ̺Ťռ䡣
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˿űҵѪģܴ󵱼ңһ㶵Ŀ˿ҵ㡣ŵϴ󣬵Բ۾㣬о˼顣һʵﵽ޼Ĵڣһбɷ
ŮͻȻͣҲû뵽ǿƵֵز
㿴ܴ󵱼ң̤ǰһһܵսľһϽ˺ûЩܣߵܴ󵱼ҵǰЦе˵˵ʮϢʱ䣬ƫƫ㲻ϧ
ܴ󵱼ҾֵĿ㣬ŬҪȴŽŲǰ
㼸⣬ҪĻңҾ뿪ŶԷ˵
ܴ󵱼Ҳ˵㿴һ˵һ⣬ûŨ֮أʺϽ֮ĵط
Ҫ֮Ҫ˶̫ࡣһҪһʺϵĵطѾˣֻҪҵһط֮ܲȻһԭǣѴشȫʱȻ˾ųɾáǻһ㰵ˣ㰵ζˡ
룬һĵطϸϸĲ̽㰵˵β
Ҳ֪
㲻֪һźݺݵĲڶԷǰһͷ֮Ҳ㲻֪ҪȻĹͷһʣ¡
ܴ󵱼¶壬ɫ԰ף治֪
ԷĻû˵꣬һֲڶԷϣһźݺݵĲȥܴ󵱼ʳɹѪҺȻ˹ȥ
Էȥһ䣬һûãԼŲžȥ
ǲҪˮŪѵʱŮߵߣһµܴ󵱼ңһ˿̣Ҷҵ֪ôһط
֪˷ܵתǽ»һˣڶԷϣԷȻ۵ٴѹҽУɹѪҺӿ
ţŮ˵Ҫǰһ͵ǰĳǳУҾ͸㡣
㿴ͬһ㴿Ů۾Ц㲻ƭҰɣ
Ů˴ţȻͬˮܽأȴŮĽ㲻òɡ
Ů仰ЩϲĽ㲻žǣʱɱڡ
ʼ磬뷴ǳؾڲԶ˳ǰǳһҲ޷
˵ͷĽµܴ󵱼ҵ飬ϵĶѹθɾŶžֵĿܺȵ
һ仰ǧܷӴǵǵҡ
ȻмЩ˳֣һԾηĿͷĿ˵Ըǰ
ǣͷĿĶһ񣬼֣֪ԭĵ̺֮Ŷôֲ
ֻһ۷̲סֹĵλ˻治һʵݾȻŵۡͷĿҪԼĻԲ㡣
ĿȵĿ㣬ݡرһЩָʾµʱࡣޱȣ͵͵Ŀ㣬û⣬һ
߰ɣһ۵ļ򣬼ܳģ֪Ҫǰһ϶ǲˡ
Ȼָ֮ǰҲöǰŶƨƨߵܵߣһĽ쳣ĿŶ
Ǻȣ˭뵽һôмۣҪ֪ĻôҲֺ
ƬԭܵϳʹǳûжԶܲ٣ȻչʾʵûΡǰֱ֮ɱ
ǿ£һ·Ȼ٣ȴû赲˵ĲӺƺƵһǳ֮УкǺãã޼ʵĲԭϰȻ˲Ŀ
Ů㿴ǳأ˵Ĳԭܴޱ޼ʣڶ࣬ʮΣաǣһطȴʮְȫģǲԭϵĸǳء˴¹أκܶɧŲԭĳǳء
ŮĻЦʵ˴ôǿƣȻܶѭǵĹأ
ŮһۣģԭκһǳصĳʵͶҪﵽܡǣֻǰ˴Сܡ˵ǿƲǿƣڲԭϣʿᣬҲѭǵĹذ¡
ŮĻ𺳡ǿֵزҲ漣
ŮųǳضȥͷŵŮϴĵ㣬ңĿߵŮ׵ļüĲһһĽë̵
вֹǸΪϲʦǲⰮãΪʲôҵͽܶļˡᡭ뵽⣬һѶԷǧ顣
ЩʱһˬʵЦû˰Ǻǣĸء


672 
һֱҪһʱãǺǣȵˣеҪһЩڻµʱڳӵǰƮȻһŰɫ۵꣬Ŷʮ꣡࿡ʣˬʵ˳ԡ
꣬彩˽漴ָһЦݣЦлʦ֣һ·ҶʦֵıٶȿһЩ
˵ʱķ˿ŵɢζ㣬дϣ̹
ֻȴ̹ȻŮĿĵġ
ȻƺΪ꣬ܣԭյ͵ĽӲһ㣬漴ü˵ôһۿôҪǱĸ֪¶Ҫ㡣
Ļע⵽šʱһ۵£վһͳСѼһ㣬ʮֲԳơ
ʦֿɱ˵Ҷʦ۷Ϊոձ͵Ϯ·˺ˣŻġʵҶʦҲʦĵӡͷĻһ˵
᳤˵ĵӣһĿ⿴㣬Ϊôû˵
ŶʦµĵӣʦֵȻ֪ˡҶʦ֣һ£ǰһλǹһλ̫ϳϵĵʦ֣ʦֿǺŶڹȥӱȵĹ˶ʦֵĶ֡գ˫峺۾а
һСħŮȻ֪Ůʲô⣬Լƣסԭĵײ鷳ģǶȴһĻҪҪҸҪҵĵطͲҪ˵
һ仰ʼҲڡһ﷢ӣ
Ҷʦ֣һؼҰɣеĺֱۣЦеĿ㡣
һĻĿ⿴㣬ϵЦݲǿ˵ǻ᳤˵ĵӣ
ʼ䣬ҲشȴΪĬϣˣɫ˼֣˵֪Ҷʦܺʦʦùϵ
͵ЦԼǲʲô˽飬ƫƫʵôί
ҲΣЦ˵ܴʦùϵģǺܴܴĹϵ
仰ɫ࣬۶㣬޲ðԽȥԷˣԼ˵ʵΪʲôƫƫҪأȣʵȻǲ˵ģ
Ȼͣ˵Խ˰ɣ
Ͻͷ¶ЦݣĿƵĿʲô֪а˵ʦ֣ҪҪһȥҼңҰҲʦˡ
ǿЦЦ漴ҡҡͷ˵ȥݷòĸɡ
˵꣬Ŀ⿴㣬ͣ˺ܾãҶʦܼȻǻ᳤˵ĵӣ϶õ˻᳤˵״ˣջʦܺúֽһġ
ҡҡԴ˵ۣϲҡ
һۣҲ˵Ӱ뿪˳ŵķ
뿪ɿ֣Щģظһֹһˣ
ոа¶Ľı飬Цԭһƺˣѹƭǳء
¶˼Цݣ󣺡˼Ҳû취ҶʦܲῴұһϲŰɣ
ʦ־ͱˣЦЦ˵ҪҵĵطλõĻһæġ
һЦҶʦֳ;ҲˣȵҼϢϢ
Ũ񴦵λãǰȥ
״ֻεĸȥͷĿҲǳڵʿᡣ
صңȻĸĸһƭƭһһ㶵ģΪʦ֣мӡ
㵹Ҳֵܣסͬʱ̽ŴһµİˡҲ̽еİһЩ̾ڣأҪĥѶȡ
õĥȴֵȻĥ𣬵ٶʮҪһСĥûµʱˡ
о治ѣǿȻ˵һָ׸ǵȻҪµʱĥ̫ˡ
ûøֵɢǷЧǿüѣڷоһϡ
ڵڶ峿׼ǰ˵ĵطںδʱһȴ쳹ۡҶʦܣһս
ϤΪ֮һ㶣δ˵ʲôķžͱĸƿ㣬ż˵Ҷֶǲǵˣ磬ڳǳصľ̨ս㣡ڶֱ𹦰սµۡˣһЩҶʵ㣬ιȥ
Һûйڣ˵
ûйڣȴǲţ˵ûйΪʲô˲棬㡭
Ҫˣ㿴ȴں棬ЦŶ˵Сʦã㲻һֱҰɣ
ǰɫ糺Ŀ㣺Ҷʦ֪ҵ鷳˰ɣ׷ĽҲϲ
ﲻףԼŮֳ飬һ˵ֶ֣ƷѣΪʲôϲϲǣΪʲôҶֶƣֲǲ֪Һ΢΢һЩӣǱֽţǱ뿪ǳء
Ļ㵲ѣЦЦĿŮԭƵ鲻һˣҲ̫ԵһЩŮӺϣȻЩȴͬྻôûΧߡ
Ҷʦ֣ôû֣ҡļ򣬺ֺã˵Ҳϲ
һ˵ں֣ʵ㲻֪ʿҲǰéٲſʵﵽ졣ôô¡
ȳ⣬ҲûаЦҪǸҪҵĵط˵Ҿͻ㡣
˵ʱϵĴֵۡ÷з
ãдӦƣϽͷȡһֽţдһЩǰ˵ҪҵĵطҶд棬Ҫǰҽ鷳Ҿ͸㡣
㿴һеĶ漴˵ڸңҾͰ㣬Ҫ̸
ŮС˼̫࣬ʱˡ
仰Ŀ˵Ҫ˲أ
Բңһشֵۡɹ
ˣֽŵݸ˵ðɣҸ㣬ߣҪǲҡҾ͸߾䣬ʦ塣
ӹֽţ򿪿һ£һλãȻֻɨһۣǴ濴Ҳġͷֽջؽָ˵һΣ
ϲֱֱۣ˷ܵллҶʦ֣
ĻεҡҡͷŮ˻ʦˡ
һĻȴһ˵ֶ嶯ʵͬСɡȥðգʿһľӢðաСŮĻ㲻Ҫ
ףͷİɣʦǿҶʦҲЦеĿ
СѾͷ֪ʲôȳ⣬ԼŮǲأֿܲһ˱ԼŮƵı۶ֽŰɡ
žǣҲͣ˵ɱƭҡ
ҡҡͷӰռȥ
գۼͲӰоٶȵʱ̲סȳ˵ɵĺ£
ίҶʦֺ˲ͬʵǿġ
ǿǿĹ𣿡ۺȵ
ſڣҪ˵ԡ뵽ǿվû˵ڡԼŮⷬģﲻ֪ʲô˼Ůûġ
̾һ֪ҲûãֻžķϹȥϣֹ
ǣǸٶȳȫ׷ȥδ׷

ϣɲϵĴȡܡԾΪģ˳ˣܶ˲ɴһ˭ҪùˣȻ
Ҷ˭ûôһﰡôˣ
ųƳǿ꣡Ҳͬʱʿһλ̫ϳϵĵӡʵﵽ죬ƿֲҶĵùˡ
ҿҶͲҽ
ԣҪȻôöûг֡
ѵҶȥеڳǳ˭ҺСߵĽģӦģֻ˭СߵĽŻ̨
ȣһˣ
ӵǣȴ첲ٵˡ

۷׷ףȻҲΪǸҶûֵͬʱһӰ̨֮ϣ˳ȥȻ󣬿ȴ˶ˣˣѾˡҪô򣬻µɡ
һ仰һƬȻһĿֱֱĿ̨رǿֻ̨һֻʮ߰ǣǴ㵲ѡ
СӹȻӦս
Ϊ˲Ҫˣôǰ֮ðͷ
ǲǲ֪ӵŰǳ֮Уȥˣ˭Ӱ
ȣϧһ갡ҪֶϽˡ

һƬ̾Ϣ֮ҲϵѾӦѡʱҲûа취赲
֣¶Ц˵Ϊ㲻Ӧս㵨ӱеҪһЩ
ЦеĿ˵ҵӴ󣬶ûʲôҵġ
㻹ǳеһ˵仰ˡ㣡˵Ϲ۶һֱֻۣԼ߳ǳأҾͲƽϡ
ܰԵĹأЦе˵˵ǳУһУΪû˸սϣ
ȻĶ㣬Ȼû˵ıѾˡ
ǺǣֵزҲһ־硣˵ǻû˸ɡʵǰҲǶԡ
ø仰һЦ˳ǷӦ죬ñ˷֡
ü˵ǶԣҲǣ
ҡҡͷǲǶûϵΨҶĵλҪıˡҪͲҪˡҶá
仰۾ɵԲԲģŭ㣬ôҵıˡôܲ򣬰ҽ鷳أ
ꡭ
ĻһƬ뻹ΪĵӡԭĵģԼ߿
ԭ߿֣仰һЦҲϲΪ仰۶ֻ֡
̲ס˵ҪҪôݣ
սһʤĻԺҲٲҪʤжԶԶҿǻ᳤ĵӣɱ󡣡Ķ㡣
ԷĻεʼ磺ģһҪҾͷ㡣
˵䣬˹ȥӢ̾һ볤ô˧ʵҲǿֺáֱǸ˧˵׷Ů˶ô򵥡رСŮˣ̫ƭˡǣŮ˵ֶ̫ˣİ취ôܹأֻŮ淴ѹ˶Ըˣ
ɱҡͷԵĶ̾һ䡣һ仰һ㶣СûɵɣͻȻðôһ仰˵˼ҿɱأȵȾԼɱˡ


673 һ
Ѵﵽ죡ڿն𣬾ӸµĶ㣬ʮϢ֮ڣ۶˫֡
˵ʱƴϱӿֲշѹȥ磬ѹ֮ռ¡¡죬ؿռͬʹƵģѹȥѹرɫ֮УƮ緢
˼ƣզ಻ѣ¶ηǶ˼ͬ飡
ҵﵽ˺нףߡԭ㲻Ǻ׶ѣҰ׵ˡʮϢ֮ڣҪ㲻˵ĶһʧĿ㣬оԼǲˣȻ˵һ仰
ͬû뵽ŰԵһֱ趯Ŀռ֮Хأշռ䣬սȻ
ȥ
һռ䣬Χȥֲˣ
㲻ܣһ̤ȭͷ֮Ϲâǣգȫûǿšһȭڴ˿ȴһ㣬һȭݺݵĺľϣһȭķ飬б俪ϯɹ쫷硣
˵ʮϢ֮½Ƕ㻹ֶʩչɡ
ͱɫԲ۾˵ⲻܣ
ûʲôܵģ˵Ȼǿвûɱ
һƬȻԲ۾㡣ŵϴͨĲһȻնɱ֮찡ԭʵ
ĭĿƵĿ㡣ԭΪһʵ־磬ȴ벻һƾе
ȭķ顣ɫһٱ䣬֪Ųʵǿ
ǹڷӦгһѽɫĳǹǹɢļµ֮䣬ɨǧ
ҵСˣǻ᳤ĵӣߣΣʦʹ͸ҵɱơҪҵ¡Ŀ㡣
˵֮䣬ĳǹ𣬻һƿգϿ񷣬ǵصӳǹ֮бֱȥ
㿴ڶԷǹ£͵һΣоȳǹֲͬʱǾšӰµĲӰ̵ķ顣
ӣܿһǹǹٴκɨȥǹԾһȥƿֲޱߣ
㵱ΪƲǹɣЦ֮ڣ
˵ͬʱָ㶯׵籬һ׵绯â۳һ޴Ĵ󣬴׭¡֮ϣ׭һֱԷĳǹȥ
ף񷣡
˺ѿռ䣬֮쳹գֱֱĳѿռĳǹϡһ죬ǹӰ׵ķ飬񱩰Ե𶯵ϵĺˣֱ۲ѣкȻ²ϵĲȶжϵ
ʿ
ûľЦЦ˵ոǵһУ㳢һµڶС
ԭ
˵ͬʱĻ汬أȵ¶Ӷȥ˶ܸое֮⡣ֱȥ
˿ųĿɿڴ˿ǱѣϵһյڡǿųǸ̲ͨ꣬סʵ̫ǵԤˣƿֲڳΪĶ֡
У
ԭʱӰУ˲ǰһֱ˹ȥ񱩰Ե״Ҫܿٶȵ㣬һĻڶԷļϣ׷ɳȥҳ˽Ƕ⡣
͡
ѪȴһƬžһ֮Է˵оȻиɷʵҲֲ̫ˣ
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͵ĸף͵Ц֪ʵǿǼ𺳣Ǻܵġ
գվߡżɫҰ׵˵ǵ˵Ļ˭ˣԶһЩ
Ķ㣬һû˵һ仰Ťͷ뿪
˻ǵһοԱ񣬿Ƕ˼־η
ѾֲˡͬһŮЦ˵ҲˣҲˡ
û뵽ô׼뿪ԴҶʦֲϲ𣿡
ҡͷһһЩҪ
ϾĽݹ׷ɱȻʱܿǡҪǵġʵ߲ͨ¡ܵĻֻ·һ
ҪڶڴﵽܣеðѴϽǰ׷ɱɱĸɾ
ҪȥҸǸط𣿡ͣСʮˡ
ЦЦҲ͡״˵ҶʦҪȥĻҪҵǲסҿԸһð취
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һ㶣û뵽Ȼ֪Լʦ㡣㣬ȴЦƮߡ
ô֪ɻ벻ͨ뵽ʦòҶҲ֡
뵽⣬ŻȻ뿪ʱߵ˵һǿߣĹ֣
¶׵ݣʲôٸһܰŵϢӲһУߵԸʦȻڻ¡
ʧĿЩӦӲܶߣԼŮǲ˵Ц
Ҳûи׽ͣ뵽Ժܳһʱ䲻̲סҪһֱҵʦ֣ҾĽʦŮˡ
ãȻ֪Լʦ㡣϶ǵԼʦ㣡

Ȼ֪СԴʲô׷Ȼųȥûڳǳͣɫ԰ѿ֮ɫ
һĻȻһ԰ҪѹԼЦôˣΪŮףԸ϶ŵԣȥˡ
һ·زصĸҲһ£ĳĶǰ뵽⣬Ӱߡ
㣬ɫ಻ѣĶ˵Ц𣿡
ҡҡͷˣҪ̽㣬β׷һŮˡ



674 Ԫ
ǽ׷һŮˣ
Цеһ㶣ʧַ֮ӦŭĺʲôҫǣҰˣʦϲ㲻ϲˡǣһһսʤġ̫磬ҫҳҪһġ
˻ҡҡͷ⺢ûˣǿֵزԼ˵һ仰뵽뵽ˣǰ˱֮Ϊв
ҪʹһҽžȾĺӣţǲǴһҽʥаĵְҵ
Ҫңǣŭ˫ۣͬͭһ㣬ƣ˼
ˣЦôΪã㲻ǵҺߵ̫ΪģҾߣ㳹׷ģ
ƺûзӦŭ㣬ˣε˵ҲգȻ㲻Ըһǻص߰ɡȡ
˵֮ҡͷԵ׼أżȵȣ
վһȣЦеת۾˵ʲô飿
ɵĶ˵˼˵ҪԶ
ʼǵȻҾͶû뷨
Ϊʲôôܣ
𣿣ûаɣҶ׼뿪ǳˣ㻹ңҪǶ뷨뿪ǳ𣿡
һ㶣ɵĶ㣺׼뿪
ҪǲģҸУ˵ңǲϲ㣬Ǿ̫ˣȴ̫ǿơ
ģ۾һʵ
ͷ˵ȻģѵΪһƭ㲻ɣ˵ˣҪ׷ҲҪﵽܵʵ
ߣģұȻﵽܣ˵ھͻؼ壬֮֮
˵ҿƣ
ȵǰ˰Ȼʩչ˼ʦַģոˣƲء¾ȫˡ
仰ЩûһѪҺҪԼһס˴빥һǹͷ飬Ȼ˵ˡ
ȻȻȴû̫˵ֻҪСӲʲô˵
㵱Ҫһ뿪ɻɣô
ʦ֣ŭĺʲôҼһʡΪ˲ᣬ뿪ߡҪףŮӣǸ˶ϲġҴʱ뿪Ϊ㡣ǣȴ˵ĻҪǲţһȥǣ
ǸΪֵĴ׼뿪Ͻ˵ֵܾ͸ңҪسǳˡ
ȻЦ˵ʵʦ׷Ů˵ֶ治ôҪңŮһһ׼ˡ
ţ۾һ¶˼ڴ
㸺֣˵ʦֲҪңǱ߱˵
ãͻȻãǰҲôɶһŵǣֻҪ˲Ӵÿ˶ǺõģֻҪӴͻᱩߡ

Ҷʦܣ𣿡һ·ͬ飬ʱһЦ㣬ǳݵĹâһ·ѧ̫ĶˡףΪʲô᲻ϲԼˣԭ׷Ůӻѧʣ˭ʵǿ㹻ġ
ᣬᶮʦ֣˵㣬̫ˣҺ˵˶ٱˡԴŮҪҪϸƤɣ㲻ӦҪҪˮӦֱӵˮȣ˵Ҳҡͷԣһɸֵı顣ӹˮȴЦˡ
һ·㼫֮ܣƵһһ㶵ģΪԼʥתһ·Сչ㣬޲ðʦˡ
ǣǣϽ˵Ҷʦܱ츳Уҡ
̾һҲգҪǿҺʦͶԵҡȡҿʦֱҲѧˣҽһйŮ˵ıɱаɣ
бɱУһ˵
ŭˣǻҵ
Ϊֳٶۣʦ̵ܽϽǸ˵
ͷҾ͸㣬һʵܼ򵥵ģǰ
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̾һڵҪװźӣ˺˵㰮Ȼϲɫ·İҪ߱ߡĳɴɫ·
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ЦͲ˰ɣҪǰͱ˵ġ˾أǾͻ棬ĻͻҪ˽㡣ԺʱְǾͻ˵ҪŮˣһ˶ԱŮ˰ȥȴ᲻гɾ͸УԣŮ˲мһ˵ʱǷɶ˻㡣οʦֳô˧Ǳɱ
˵ͬʱǿЦ⡣һǰưһֵܳԹǵ߸Ů˵þƣ
ʦܣва˵
˵ʦֵ˸񵣱Ǳɱʦֲҵ˸ѵԼ𣿡

ȻЦʦҪǲţصҳһ¾ǡʵʦֲ֪Ůϲ˲ˡĻں
˵⻰ʱв͵ЦҺ㣬ԺҪǲлҶԲԼЩˮ
ҲǣǲǻȥԲ֪ˡ˵һð취
лʦܣ
ڰֱʾãȴЦѣһﻹһΪļһ
һ·ƣƵһһ㶣뵽Լڵһ㰵ˣ˵ʦ֣ʵﵽ죬֪֪֮ʲôص
վŹֵĿ㡣̸˵һ׳գ棬ȴôﵽֲεġ
Ҷʦѵ֪֮֮ԱƺΪףΪŹֶֹ֮ͨͨز޺죬޺칵ͨĲǿռܹ֮ͨȴ֮
֮ɻ󲻽⡣
֮£õﶼɢǣﵽܣȴһ˵ֳ֮ƺΪԪ
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ûͷ˵Ǹ֪ƷԪԵʣ֮дΪԪŸ߸ϡԪ£һеķ׶ΪϡԪֳƺΪǴͨҪԪ֧šҪȻʩչ衣
뵽Լǹ̵Ԫɡ뵽İԵ̣ѹˣ㲻ŵǬȻʩչȴҲֻǶԿռãҪﵽʩչһһ磬ȷʵ롣ʵоԼԾŵǬŸߵ򣬸оԼʩչǿһѹһռ䡣ǣʩչȴʩչо㡣ǰ֪ΪʲôʱȴȻԭҪԪ֧šңΣҲˡоеٶȿԸ죬ȴôҲ



675 ʬҰ
֣ǰͨĹˣ˵ֵǧҪһЩѪɫļһѪڵˣȫħϲѪ
źǿɻʵ
ֻǿǷǳǿ˵ﵽܶĲΣµǿҲʤͨĹУѪһżͨĹУҲֻǰѡ
˵ʱһ̤ͨĹСոУͲŨ
㾪ȣ˵ͨĹԳɴɽϿȹճһ󣬼ȱԡһĵطԲܽһ󣬵Ȼ⻹ǴĺλáλͨĹȵ˸ˣŨ񣬼ʵʡ
һ·߽ȥ㽲ͨĹȵĸֹ£㵹Ҳýζ
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еıжһֱֻֻۣȽţֻΪܷųѪҺĥ֮Сһ޴Ĵĥ
ȻԼʲôˣǿ޵һĲ̻棬еŭ޿ƵðһȺޣ
ЩҽвϣıֽţѪҺȾ棬Ѫζ˱Ƕ
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ʱɫҲ԰׵ĿһĻȭͷš
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ûͣһ·ɱȥѪڵĵӣֺ

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Բʮ۶ԭŵǱӴܣҲһЩߡǷһĻһĿɿڴʹĲ˲۾дǿҵĲš

ͨĹȵһȴڷĵֵѪڵӹʱѾȾѪҺѪڵСȻҲżӵѪڵС
ŭȣӿѪڵӵ棬ƷɫŤԲ۾㣬ŭʮ㡣
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ѪϹ֣ȫҲҪᣡ
ͣҪ᣿ǻ֪ǻ᲼´סϷϷ˰šѪڵǰȥɱǸӣռǵѪҺ֮ءΪסҶ𣿷ģò˶ãɱǼӵѪڵӾͻϵΧǵĴǱɡ
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˿Լҵ˲ûбԷɱǴϲм˸˷ܴ󺰡
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˲ɱһ𣬲ҽѪζܿռ䣬ѪϹѪζ͵аЦããϷϲζѪɱ¾нѪֻԽԽǿЩֻ·һûȫɱΣֻǶһЩ¶ѣ
ѪϹȻ֪Ϊʲô廹еӻţǻָġѪǿ߲٣Էǿ߶ǣﲻ˶Էǵˣֻбɱһ·ˡ
͡ǵɱǵˣζˬ졣ѪϹֹЦ
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ʦܣֲ֣ס͵Ķմ󺰡
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˵ͬʱеѪ趯趯֮䡣ѪһѪռ֮䶯һҪ顣
˹ȥ֮ϣ׵ŰѪ׵磬˲ɢ׵ѪײһѪڶϺͬʱ
ܣѪڶϸܵԼѪϴԲ۾㡣ǾͲ֮ɫ޷Ȼſʵ

˳ʱΧԷһ֮Ѫڵλϣʼ·硣ǿ߶ǣסҲĲɱѪڵӡ
ѪڶϿһĻаżǰֶ꣬Ʋס֪Ҫûɱ꣬ѪڵӶҪԷɱһˡ
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˶ԿԷߵʱҲĲѡȻ֪㲻ԳƻҪ㶼סԷǿߵĻǾֻ·һ
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Ѫڶϱѹգѹ֮Уȫ͸Ѫ飬ѪҺȾʺ졣
ָһ㣬һ棬ڶԷϣ濪ʼѪҺȼ
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֮߶һۣ漴˵ͷǾԡֻԷһλϣʵﵽ춥塣
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˿ߵѪڸɫ䡣Ҫȥ׷ɱȴ뿪ֻĶԷܡ

ѪڴϵѪڵӸסɱѪںܿͱɱɾϴβͬǣһûжɱǣֱѪڵĲر⡣
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ӰһûˮĤ֮СûˮĤ˸ǸоŨ޿˵˿̶ƮƮɵĸо
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ӵ֮㴫˲ٷ׭Ҳ˲ط׭ڷ׭Ҳż˽⡣ʯϵķ׭ǲѣҲ֤ٷ֮ܽ⿪
ֱһӣӺ۳ɵҺҺָλãָʯĻ֮һۼ£µĺۼճ׭׭ĻһѿԿ״ĵ㶯£Ŵϵƶȥ
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۷׭ʵﵽһεʿ˵¡ֻ׭Ҳиߵ֣֮۵ٶͬҪʿֻ۳򵥵ķ׭
ǿʱ㣬յķ׭ȴ򵥣ޱȡңǿ˴ϵķ׭һۣܳƽ⡣ҲͿĳڷ׭ϵΪ͡
Ȼ֪Ѿ۳ߵط׭ˣԺлвҽη׭Ȼûȥȥз׭ǾȴܶǿˣЩܣҲñȵù
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ϲһơŴ򿪣۵һȻӵԺӣԺһеĶ۶ɵġԺУмֻã˯Ļʮֿɰ룬ҪĻȻʮϲ
һԺУֱһɨѼ̵ֻŹĴȥ
û߶ԶͻȻһѪҺ³ɺѪҺھӨ͸ʯϣʮִĿġ
ͻȻѪ̲סһô£
ɫȻǰȫסȫڸ˵һ仰һѪҺ˳ҲҾļ
֮ļߣҲĪһڿѪҺ
ʦܣˣ˳ȥʱ̲ס󺰵
ʧ񣬲֪ЩΪʲôͻȻѪɻʱɫҲ͵Ĵ䡣



682 Ʒ
ռ֮УͻȻһķӿƲǺǿȴĸо̺͵ĺˣһӰ׵缤͹ײһ
䡭
׺ɿƲײһ˲䱻顣ȴûм٣㼤䡣²ңΣӲϵĺˣűܿ
Ԫ
֣֪ʲôˡѹΪ֮һ֪¾ͱѪռ֮ɢ䲻ԪЩԪڿռд壬Ԫ񱩣͸ռ䲻СĳϣǸס
ĨһǵѪͷռ֮ſ񱩵ĿռԪȻǺǿԪϾԪɱ󡣡
һ۾ʶ֮еתһʶ֮еСɢϯȥﵽ֮֮Ҳ׳˼֣ʶɨĲռĲп񱩵ԪҲܲ̽
ӰܿһԪĴ壬Źٴλȥ
ʦܣСһ㣡ٴǰ̲סѵԪĿֲǳ׵ܵסҪһĻ޽ҡ
ȵǣһ·ŹȥȻһƵԪеԪ·ܿƵģ߶֮䣬ʧС˴
ǿĸ֪ǴҲ˰ɣȻԪܿ㣬ֻһֿܾ粨ܿԪܱܿеԪ֤֪ǿ
ԤϵʱܡֻͲ;ϣܿܣԿԪǲĸ֪ܿһԪ
ǿĸ֪ңΣܿⲢǺܼԪǺѡ
㲽֮УʱоԪĿ񱩳̶˼֣𵴶žŵǬſռı仯һԪҪ䵽ʱܱܿ
ͱǰһˣǰһɫƷУеĶǾӨ͸ġΨֻɫģ
һƷƷţתɫĹâԭǴġǴ˿̣ȴɢĹââļ£һƬƬۼķʽţ໥ȻŵĺۼȻ̬ճط׭Ʒһȵ̬
㿴һƷ̨֪档̽ȥȻ͵õһ˵ĽǰľƷɢһԪռ֮ԪǴɢġ
ƷȫԪ۶ɵģԾĿ˵𺳡ԪǺεһ˳׵Ȼ۳һ޴Ҫεȵ
㼸ĵһλ۾Ԫ
ȻֶΣи̾ΪԪΪǺεǴ۵ֶΰɡ
ǰԪ۳ľ޴֪ҪܰȫԪԼɵĻﵽ֮׾١Ҳ֪ʱԼɣû
ĿȵĶžƷȲֵ͵̺ӴԪ޼۵ġ磬ȲϾƷ
㿴ֹһһ취ⶫȡˡ
ⶫȻǲԸģʵҪȥȡĻҲǲܵġܽõĲͼ͹ŶͼȻǽòˡǾֻǹŶˣֻŶܲոҲûеס
ŶǿûƷѹǿͿɼһ㡣ǣŶȴơЩ֣Щʹûᱬ
ԣȷŶ᲻ȡҪǹŶѹĻ֪ᱬʲôԪҪǱĻȻԵġ㵽ʱ㲻Ҳˡ
ǰľƷĪָ䶯֮䣬ŶλãŶתϢȴûǰȥѹ˼
ܳɲɣƴһԣ㲻ܣ˽ңӾǣңεٶȣܲڵһĿֱӾƷ
뵽⣬ʹ£²ңβȶ֮䣬һ׭³֡Ҳָһ㣬һŶŶ£תȥ
סֱֱĶŹŶŹŶ֮ϡ
򣡡
һ䣬һ£Ŷѹȥ˲䱻֮䣬Ԫӻ괦Ԫ˷񱩶ȵԪɢضеռ乲رɫ֮ڶϢг
һĻҶ׼̤õĲ͵ļӰһӰŴ֮⼤ȥƬ̼ʱ䣬ʧڴ֮С
ӳɾòȫӰŹ֮⼤ȥ
ռ֮⣬ʯʯʦܣʲôˣ˾ʧ롣
ӳŶͶѯĿļߣҡҡ˵ԪЩزˡ
˻Ȼ仰ǲɡֻǣҪ֪ǣ⹬֮ʲô
Ŀ⿴㣬ѯʣʼЦҪ֪Լȥˡ
һ仰ڨڨЦЦȴѣҪԼ˸ҽȥĻ˵ͽȥһ̽ˣرǴʱʵʧܳǲա
ʲôĿת򹬵ԭΪ֮ž챩ǣ֮Ҳûһ㶯ɻѡٴС̤һҧŹ֮ٴμȥ
ٴβ빬ռ춨ԪĴ壬ٶȱ֮ǰӿݺͿ񱩡ֻܶȴûӡ
ף㾪治ѣոճԪĿãǴһҲˣ˶ԪȻûÿռԪӣ
лɣѵбԪڴ֮У뵽⣬㿴ŴķͶ˼ֹ˼ɡҪǸոյԪȫٴ֮бĻðȻٴνȥˡ
ƴˣҧ²ȶŴŶڴ֮УôҪѹŶȡҪǵòֻܷϾҪҪĶࡣ
ӽ壬ԼʩչʮջŻŴ̤֮ȥ
ȻоԪϽӰһ׼ٴΰȶܵʱȴԪ֮󣬲ûбԪһ㶣漴ϲ
Ŀ⿴Ʒķ򣬿ǰһĻԭء


683 Ŷ
ƷĻɲϵ𶯣ԪгټԪɽѣΪ֮ƴɢ
ֲԪûг磬Ŷѹ棬ֻǳʮײľ룬ͱŶɢѹеԪ岻ȥ
㵹̫棬ǣŶȻһԪԪϵ뵽Ŷ֮һֱûб仯ĹŶʱɫӵͼĹŶϣȻʼһģɫķ·ɽӻڹŶϻûشڹŶĶϳ֣·ɢԹԣϢɢشһȻʥ
һԪϱŶɣһԪͲŶɡŶڰĿ˾ƷϣûķͨһУת֮䣬ƷԪûŶ֮С
ڹŶû£Ŷ֮ϵɽԽӵŶ֮֮ķԽԽɽ£ľ棬һȻĻڹŶչ
ԪɵԽ࣬Ŷ֮չػԽ࣬ʱѾչ֮һ
Ȼķ׭ճһɽӴƣȶȻ
վһԣŹŶı仯ĿתһֱŶȥżȻֲѹ⡣ʱ档ǹŶһγ״
Ŷ֮ϣɽڱãľϲ˥֮ڹŶϹճо𺳺Ͳ˼顣ش̺ϢҪѵӡŶϣͱùŶϡʱŶչֵĴƣشơŶӡĵƣҲش
㿴ɽ±ãҲɽ˥ı仯ȻȻĸоСźıڶڣɽΰѪȣµĽҹ档
ͬ붨㣬ʱҪ˿Ļܿغ϶ΪһʱΧŷģַĺ͹Ŷֳķһģһ
ŷĵĳ֣ط׭Ҳıԭط׭ֻǽһط׭ط׭û۳κδƻߴ󡣿Щĵĳ֣ط׭ȻɢһĿʼ
֮䣬Ҳʼ̳һȳֵɽɢķ۳ɽӱڣɽʣȣ֮ӣɽ֮ɽ
ƣֳߵط׭ķȴֻܻ۳һɽһӣ
ߵط׭ȫĵʱʶ֮е꼤ɽӱתϢ֮ķ׭ϵû뵽֮У㾧Ө͸ӣԺȻֳɫĹΣȴͬһһ
ûиоЩɱŶɽӱôûķԽԽ࣬ķĺط׭ɽӽһͬʱ˲Ŀ
Ŷ֮ϵĻϵչԪϵû뵽Ŷ֮СԭѹھƷϵĹŶʱȴȻѹ£ڰѾƷ˲ɽȥ
žƷŶɵͬʱŶϵķȫ֣ҫ۹â㶼̲ס۾
֮Уһػۼɽ£飬߲⣬֮УԭĹŶϣ߲ͬʹâӡػ໥Ӧ
䡭䡭
ž޴֮Ҳ붨֮ϤϺɢĽ͵ڡûʶ֮Уʱоضһ׺֮ң÷׭ֻҪһͷܵԲ
ָо㵲ѣ㵱˵˵϶ȸߵĻǣ֮ܺع־˺һ
ܲ뵽˺һˣʹܾ޷ĵز֮ƣӵޡ״ֽ̬֮ӡ
˼ϣһСءܺع
ʱ㣬͸оĵعָо죡㲻뵽ո붨ŶϵһУһСء
֮䣬ӿڡоʱĵת쳣˷ܣתٶȿʮֹֿݵٶȲ٣һȻ֮УӦ˿ٵת
㾪ʱȴһ׾졣㶨ŹŶȥ֪ʱʼڹŶԱߣһ⣬ۣһ֣צ֮ϡ
Ϣ֮ͳ־ڹŶԱ㾪ǣȻ³˾ſžӨ͸߲飬֣ڹŶϵľŸݴ
㵲ѣһֱΪЩݵĵطǹŶȻͼȴû뵽߲֮ء
໡
ھſû뵽Ŷ֮УŶͻȻһ޴֮֮ϰ˻ģ졣һ죬֮ͬһɽӱѡ
һӹŶ֮гצɢļ£
Բ۾һĻҪǸոֻǽ۵Ļȷʵʵʵڵ֣Ϊ֮𶯣ͬһ㣬ͭɨ£еһжס
β֮䣬Ԫ˷ӿӿԪ㺧Ȼѣ˿ӿԪǴһƵģԪͬˮһڣǽ߲ʹΰΧ
ʹĭû뵽޵𺳣Ŷ֮е飬ȻΪ顣Ŷʲô
ڴ˿̣˺ȻԪѾˡ
ĿƵĿɲ֪Ӻδӿͬ󺣱ڵԪ
ͷƤ飬ŲƹŶҲһҶЩԪһСıܱĲʣ
Ҳ֪˶ãԪٶŹŶ壬͹Ŷںϡ׵ںϵŶ֮С
ȫ뵽Ŷ֮УԭĹŶʱһģڹŶ߲Ѥ⣬һ档ɽڹŶȻȻı仯ϣ˥Ϣɢ㵥ϢܾԼƮƮҪһ
űȻϢĹŶǱǰͨ˿ֻᵱһͨĹŶ
ϢӹŶɢ¶㳢ź͹ŶϵʱȴԼŶ֮Уͬڴ֮жһʯͷһ˿һ
㵣ǰĹŶѵ˵ĹŶԼƲɣ
һͳȥȴֲͶٳȥӰŶ
ļͷ۵ʱ򣬱߲ʹβƵͬɶĹŶʱʼתƶֹͣ
ŶķתҪץסȴ벻£Ȼû뵽Ķͷ֮ϡ
㵲ѣȴһ͹ŶԼģһǡ
̾һ䣬ûͷĹŶͻȻ


684 Ѫ֮
ŹŶıӹŶ֮оȻԪԪûУʱܵشƺһѪҺɫ԰ס
ǹŶȴЩԪɼûѨ֮СоԼѨҪķ顣
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һĻ㶡Ų֮ɫԪǺεʹܽһУԷֻһԼȴʩչ˻ˡͿԿԪĿֲ
ǣʱȴѹסԪ
뵽ոչŶԪͬˮ뵽ͬ󺣰Ԫױ룬뵽Լط׭ɽӺ͹Ŷû֮ɫһ𣬲뵽һֿܣ
ǾǣԼط׭͹Ŷһܻû
ܣԲ۾ԼѨҪ˵ĻǶȻġû˵˭ʹ㵱õĻĵ壬Ҳص壬ֻǸط׭۳塣
޷Ҫص壬ǻǶôֲ
Ŷ֮еԪϵûѨ֮УԪѹУһԪûѨԪû㵤ﴦһѨ֮󣬱ĹŶͻȻ
һԪҪһֱŪʹһԪûѨУҪһ㡣
ܵһûѨеԪɻ󲻽⡣֪ŶʲôôԪ̾Ѩʱ㻹ΪﵽܣԪѨʲô¡
ɻͷ۵ʱ㵤֮еȻӵ֮¶û뵽Ѩ֮СԪһߵںϣѨѨͨһѨȥٴͨ
£һѨͨͨһ޴֩ɺܿͬһ鲼СЩѨ£ƶһ¶롣
󷨣
㿴磬о治ѡѨԪΪ㣬Ϊߣ۳һֻ㿴͸ʲô
Ѩͨ͵һѨеԪʱҲ֮ܵشһ㣬Ѫ顣ֻǳһǣܿԪȶԪɵڸѨ֮֮䡣ܵܵǣȫķӿ
֮˲ӿ޾û뵤֮Уϵĵת뵤С뵤Ϣϵ
󣡡㾪ȲѣڹŶܹŶʱ򣬾һڡֻǸСȴ鲼ȫԪΪ㡣ɵҲˮһ㣬ڡ
㾪ǣ˿ֲȴûһ˿һ״еͨռ䣬ֱûڣȴ糣
Ҫ˿ĻȻʱŻʵʵ
ľ󣡡㾪ȲѣԤϡ̫Ϳֲˣİٶ˰ٱֹرУĸоʵڷ
ʵԭͽ״ﵽ˳׶壬ʱٽͻн׵ơ
һ뵽ͷĹŶУŶ΢𶯡ǣŶڻԼѪ֮
Ѫ֮Ŷ֮УŶϵ·Ž⣬ڷ֮ơ
뵽ϣǣ֮ϾȻ֡ŬҪ̫ܼϸСͿ
㼯оӿϣ뿴һЩߡ
䡭
е۵ʱһĪ˲䱻˹Ŷ֮С
ľûУһƬƬɺѪѪޱ޼ʣѪҺоǣѪûиоѪȣһС
ֹŹֵĸоδӦѪʼ֮伤Ѫˡ˻֮䣬һѪ֮м໽֮䣬ȻоһĸоȻǸоѪѪĸо
ûѪоµѪһ
ֵĸо㾪ȣ㲻ΰ˵Ļΰ˵껪ѪУֻҪǻˣֻҪѪܴ֮ﵽܡ
ѵƬѪҲǻѪû϶ģѪһֱԳĴˣѪͻѪӦһġ
㿴ڿնĻȥ
໡
ٴһ͸ողͬǣһȴ³֡ЩǷ׭ɣǻĹ֡
Ѫѣ
ɨ³ĵһз׭˾̲סȻޱȣ漴˷ΰ˵ѪҪİ취ѡֻѪ֮ʧû뵽Ŷ֮ҵѪİ취
ɣջջֻΪѪܴﵽ֮ջǣѪ֮츳ȵȶŴκٶȶҪ͵ƾѪ֮ܿκһ֮ϡ
Ų꣬еĻֿһһ顣еĻּǵȣȷԼȫסЩֵʱЩ׭֣û뵽֮Уһ׭׭ģһ
ͷʱһӡǡӡǳ֣ٴλصڡʱоԼұλۿȥȴұҲͬһССӡǡ
ӡͬڷٶȾȻ˿ľֻɵ֪ȥˣһ˿ûеõ
ӡǡ㾪죬ȴûзϡ
뵽ոյĵõѪ֮ɲƽ˼ŬʹԼƽȴЩ٣㲻ռȥֻȥѪ
ȳȥռͼߡ磬Ժôӻˡ
ףҾȻﵽ˺нףʹ绯ټϾҪﵽнҲô찡ӦǸոսŶڵЧŰʵнˡ
ϲһһ۸ո£ȴһСвɣɢź⡣
ź񣡡뵽ʢŵĵסҲźɵģ⺮ʮָУҪȴס
ӦǺöȳȥ֮ٴ򿪿


685 Ŀ
Ӵ֮гȥͼѾѺҺУԭĺֻʣһɿݿݵĹС
ӴְͼУǰ׼ѹͼ֮У㻹δͻȻһüͷתͷܣͻȻһӰӰΧģĿȡ
Ǹ㿴Щµ˰ΧֲõԤС
ҶӣһΣһ߳Ϊĺǿ֮һԭϹϾʱȻžӸµ̬
ɨһܸˣһЩޱĿ㣬һЩ¶һЩǳ̰
һ׶ԷʲôĿ⿴壬˵ҲҪվһߣ
ڨڨЦЦ¶ΣȴûлشĻ
ˣȻһأ
ֶȥˣǿߵ˵һ䡣仰ЩοȻûаûкЩۣͬеġ
˵ɣҪʲô飿ŶԷ˵
̫̰һЩУеΪҺҲա۳ɵʯȻҲ֡ȴȲϺеһҺͼɣܹ鲻̫ðɡԷǿ˵
أЦŶԷ˵ѪڵıⱻҰգҲɡ
Ǻǣ̫̰ˡǿ˵
ǾӦô㿴ŶԷ˵
óһΣһ߶˵
˵仰ǲҪңĶҪûȡ꣬ǵҪҵĶˡͻȻЦ˵֪ˣζǡ
ڨڨЦţֶóʹһ־ǡϾʰѪϣҲˡ
ֶͲýˡ㿴˵ǳûҲûзϡǲǵõôѪڵϵĶѹθɾˡ磬ȻܵõҺЩʯɡвˣЩ˰ɡ
Ǻöˡ֮˵
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仰ܶ˵һսУ֮ϵ߼Ǳɱ˵ġҪû㣬ֻ·һ
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һˣЦŶԷ˵Ҳ˵Ҫ
˵䣬˶١Ŀ⿴壬˵ǿҪ춥嶼նɱѵǻκεҲɣ
֮Ļҡҡͷ˵֮ǰǡǽռŨʵǡԸҲڻ¡
̽һЩЩ˵ʵǹȻŴ֮нף߻ٶŽһЩߣǽ˼
㲢⣬ÿߵһ;Ҳֲлӡǣһ
ǣЩ˵ͲУǵܵ޾䣬ȻҲ֡
ֻû뵽ǣΪʵıǣȻǵҲǡǲ
ǲԸ̸̸ˣ߶˵
ΪʵıǣʵţʹʶĿֲɸ㡣뵽ҺѪڵıǾѹƲס̰
ոЩȲҺʯܰʵ˶࣬ҪҺĻʵöôǿ˵֮껹ܳܣ볬׵ľ磡
Ҳ̸Σ㶢˺ߵǵʵٷһҲ£⣬Ҳٶ༸
Ļ֮߹ЦҲգԭӰǴæԸ⶯ġǣִˣֻܶˡʵ֮ǿǼʶǲҪΪǾκβ㡣ûǰɣѪλӵ峤Ԫ϶󷨣ͬãǲĶ֣ס峤ǿܶѪͬסʰ㡣
Է˵꣬Ͷ˴󺰵󣡡
˿ʼòΧ۳һһ󸲸ϣһ֡͸оԼжܵƣضһСƬС
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ŶԷĻһ˵ҪǺĺ˵һһЩǣȴвֹ֮ܶ˶ɱǵвɡ
˵꣬һȭֱشݺݵϡ£ȴûѿգشס
һ߿˼֡ոһȭŰ˳ɣ߽׺졣ǣȴûк
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㲻аĺһȭһȭձ𵴲ͣǴȴ˿㣬һأиûа취ͻơ
ӣĺѣҲ̫Ϊ㣬ֻҪóһǾͷ뿪ΣͻȻ˵
šȻ鲻ǿһôܹ
ǣǻû˵ʲôȴҡͷϣ˵ӾΣֻҪóһұ뿪
Цھˣ˵ܲ˵ľв
ܾһ˵αվһߣɣҲ顣ߣȻˣǶҪˡЩҺ˴Ǽʧȫܲ˵ü༸ܣĳΪ½һ
ûЩˣЩĳĶ˵ӣ˼СסܶǿҲˣѵΪƿֻҪӦһ֤㰲Ȼ뿪ͨĹȡ
û壬˵ǲҲžƲʲôֶξʩչҿǵĴ󵽵жǿ
˵ʱƱӿһҪ󣬵֮⡣
ǾͱǲˡߺһŸ˺󣡡
ڶԷĺ£ռ䶯ʯɢ뵽֮Уֲ



686 Ѫ
ܣãâӴ֮бߡһ޴Уһɽѹͷϣɽ
㣡Ӳȥģ
ߣ㿴ͷҪѹסĸɽڵȫӿһ׵ָϱѣ׵绯׭صӣһ񱩵ͷɽȥ
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һ֪ҪһֱöԷȥĻᱻʰˡȻˣΪʲôԼȹ
뵽⣬һӣ꣬һƿնȥۼڽ⣬ɢļµĺ⣬̶ֱԷؿڶȥ

ѪȻһǴżֲм֮⣬ƻ˳һѪѪ֮ƣȥѪ֮ռΪ֮ʴ
һתѪȥٶ˿һ򣬼ԵĽǶȼȥ
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ѪһĹȥһƴ̴һѪҺ
ͬʱѪһĳҲݺݵĺļϣƺһͬһѪҺ³ɫٴβҰ˼֡
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ģȱƺˣضɱ㡣Ѫ鶢еѪ
˵꣬ѪĿ⿴ˡɭĿתǣһɫ䣬ǾֵĿѪ顣
󣬲󣡡֮󺰣ȴųڴ


689 Ѫ
ңδ㣬¶⡣֪ΧɱĸһˡѪضȫɱˡЩҲȻ飬Ǿϧ
һصĵطˣеļȴƽϢôҲû뵽ԼҵѪİ취ǴֻҪܼѪܲܡ
һ־磬ĺϣԪںϣĿоڣΪܣľ磬ʹе츳ܳûаٷ֮ٵĴﵽ־磬Ѿǹ츳ĺûܾġĺܴ֮֮࣬ﵽܵģ֮ȴһ
ﵽܣǾһ졣ܵĳֶӡʹǹ壬ͬǲɶõıÿһܶڹݡ
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ﵽĿģͨĹȻٴȥ뵽ѪЩͷۣѪĹŶйˣȴûС
һȻǻǿߵľѪҪƽѪǰˣϾͺΰϴεõ˲١ƫƫҪʹﵽ۾ľѪȻֻһҪһСڵ
ֵҩҩĵУֻܲƻ˵ڵѪѪٶȵġϾѪҪͻȻȫһٴﵽܣγܵˣ
ڵ֮ǰĻ嵹ǲ󣬼ÿѪˣܸһѡǣڴʱ˵ȴʧҺõǣ㴫еĵΨһĵܲƳ
ҵ۾Ѫ˵һӦûлĴ۾ѪġϾɱǿӵвٵ۾ǿߣûеռѪҺ
ûͨĹȵĶԹӰ漤ȥֻһ·ͨĹȸׯٴλָƽлЩοģѪں͸ܾˡЩͨ˲ܸõ

˵ÿ춼ɱ¾ʹǱˣŲ˶֣ʱĽ˿ЦáΪŮҪ˷йһ۸ˡҲΪƤãΪʲôȡ
ʱԷɶ֣ЩûΣ˭ǳȰ
㶼ɱˡɱңɱ㡣ɱɱţľˡֻ֮Ҫ˶֣Ͷ˵ֱӶնɱ
һµʱȥʵͼҲŷٵĳﵽн׶壬ò˶þܲ뵽߽ס
㵹ǲ⣬Ͼ㹻ģռ֮ŵǬ
ȻһʱڣҲ̽һ´ѪѹĶŲٺöʲôľͲ˵ֲϣҩģҩҩʤ
ȻñΪ֮ĶȴûпۡһװŵĶѪɫӫת
Ѫ
ں׳ǱʼϼⶫⶫаǴ֮ǿֵܳĶǿһľ
ϴ˵ѪһѵⶫѪƷʿӦòֻǴﵽܶѡ
ѪõУʱɹаѪ͸ڣ̲סһҪƽߣѾشˡǿȺȻ׻˵аѪκε
һ֮оԼһѪĿϽŻ֮С
ѹѪܡֹһУⶫȻ󣬿Ƕȴûʲôáֻкеһű˿һѪҺ۳ķġ
Ѫ񹦣
㵣û뵽ѪڹҲ档
Ѷջͼ֮ѴռµõóɱţҪУӿУȴʧ
ף㾪ȵĿһУٴһӡӣ򿪲УӴ񣬾ͱ׵ա
񣡡㾪Ȳѣûмʶ޾
Ҳգڴ򲻿㣬ܻ취򿪵ġֹһҲûаϡԼȼѪɴﵽܣͲŴ򲻿
ֹܿȥɱ˶鷳ˡЩ˿ҲõһϢѪӳǰȥءŴҲǰˡ
ѪӳϢԭҲû⣬ǵң顣ͬǰ֤Ѫӵķ緶
ѪĪͷǰδʮͲ˴֮֮չأ궼δû뵽ͻȻ˼ѪӵսƾһѪǹɱһΪ֮ĺܿʮָ֮
һȻѡʱءչǰɱ¾᲻Ҫɱ¾
ΪѪӳԭɱ¾ϵɱ¾Ȼ˲١㵣Ѫ˴ӰƷԶΪ֮ı䡣
ǰѪ壬ҲѪ
ǲ֪ĵ۾Ѫ˭УЩ岻ͬǺܶǴϹŴ֪вٹΧɱ壬˵Ǳе۾Ѫ
߽ѪΧ뵽ѪΧǿĸ֪ͲѪζѪȴŨ㲻뵽õѪ񹦣ҪĻ°빦


690 Ѫ
˵ûУѪ׼ҼٲſѪӵӣʵҪﵽ֮
ǴֱʣһʵҪﵽޡǹӣ
԰һ˵ǰѪδʮٲſԱʹѪ˶СܳΪѪӵߣлǰѪʥϴ跥ǡ
ǰÿһƷ
ǵϢˣѪͷųѪߣԵõһδ֮ʥѪ
ԭûзϵ㣬ʱȴ͵һĿ⿴ո˵⻰һʵ˵ʥѪǲʥѪҺʥ壿
߱ĵĿһ˵С湻ªŵģѵ㲻֪Ѫʥôγɵ𣿡
ôγɵģʵ
СӾȻһɵӣȻⶼ֪Ҳ֪ôġ
ԷļЦüͷ壬漴ЦλңѪʥγɵģʥѪǲǻʥǿߵľѪ
ߣ߲ͷİֵⶼ֪ûȤͣҹҪȻү㡣
ԷĻ̲סŶԷһ˹ȥ
߼Ȼֱۣһ֮ЦСƢǲСѵ㻹ҶֲɣүҪž
Ļû£һݺݵĳϣ鷭ڵء
Էͬ߱鷭ŭգСӣ
Źˣҡҡͷ̾һúú˵УһҪҶֶš
˵仰ӰһͬȺϢʱ䣬Щ˶ڵϡЩҽߣЦʵڿԸ˰ɣ
ԣԣЩͬû뵽Ƶʵ֮ǿĲΡȴȭŸɷʵҲС
Ȼǲ֪սܹܲҪ֪Ļ¾ͲڵˣĹڵˡ
úú˵һҪ˲̾һ˵ɣѪʥʲô
˶߸ϽشѪԶŲ棬ֻңһҶ㲻ϡһɳΪɱ¾Ϲʥ廪塣ӻĵõ֮һֱҡֱϣֱպһ壬λǰʮ
ɱ¾壿кһ漴ͷ˵˵
ѪڻıʱͲ˵ˡľǻǿߵľѪѪ۾徫Ѫһ֮ʥ徫ѪСͨѪڻľѪͲ˵Щ徫ѪѪеطͨŻγɴʱѪʥأΪʥ֮һҲΪѪʥأѪŲϵǿʱѾ֪Ѫ嵽̺ôֲˡ
۾һ֮ȫѪСͨѪǿߵľѪȻǵõôࡣѹǴһߵڵĸ߸ϵĹ塣ȻѪŵ۾ѪôôҲҪ취õһЩ
Ѫ嵱˵Ѫӵͷӽһε۾Ѫʵ
ǣǣѪɢϢԴˡ߸Ͻش
˵ͷ˼һ֮󣬿˵ڵϵһۣûٹǡӰ̤ңʧǵС
Щ˿ʧһֻȰʵ̲ס໥һۣ˶ԷеĺȻ
ģˣôôٶȣҼĺ֮ٶҲȲϰѵ֮Ҫǿ
ЩҡҡͷԺеĿ־ųȥҲȥѪ塣ѪȻʱ⿪ţŵٺôǣҲáһ߳궼ôǿ˻˵СЩᣬ

ۣǾѪӰȻһ˲š
;ǴܣɾͲ
˵һ۵
Ѫһ壬˿ոֶ꣬ͷʹڣŽۣ緢Ӣ磬ձ治ɫ
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Ȼ֪֮ܶòӵλãѪ˵ˣѡʱ򣬻ͳʮƿƷҩԵߵ֮
Ʒҩʱˣⵤҩǲٻ¡
ȻҲЩΪЩġǰףصˣǾֻڡЩˣҲģһ̸ЦҺĽѡ
ĽĽȴ˸塣ϾЩ˶Ź壬ɢޣСܱ⡣
˸оǣĴһѪۣͬҺ겻󣬴žʮӡ
ףѪȻΪˣλŸٲſʵҲҪﵽޡѵ˵ﵽ޲ɣⲻܰɡѪôٲſ
ǰǣûдﵽޣôܴѪǰȥǰˣ
⡭

źҺ꼵ʲѣЩҺ̺ŨܼӿٶȣƷµȵĵҩ˵ǧ򣬵ǰٽȴеġ
Ȼ㣬ôȥĺܼ򵥣оһѪĹȻѪŰ˷ʶӵѪ񹦵ȻᣬһѪ̶̰µʱ䣬ʹﵽСɡ
ȻĹԭĻ᲻ܵӰ죬º֢ϾѪڵѪʶɲԸΪˡ㾪ȵǣڵ£֢ûСת֮䣬ܰѪɱȫתΪҪʱֿתѪ
ַϲ㣬ǾʹðѪˡ
ǣҵѪһƫ壬Ȼһƫȫɱˣڵɱ˻ˣȻûʲôӰɱǿݡ
ɱһ֮ȻߵѪгϣΪ壬ҪҺѪг̫ˡܿҵӯϣȻͿʼ׷ɱǡ
Ȼ׷ɱʱ򡮸ոպáѪĸ߲㳤ϿʵΪˡնɱ֮Ѫڵĸ߲
ʱͿʼѻ˵ԭѪƫˣΪѪ˱˱ɱĸɾϻü׷ɱˡ
ĻѪ߲ܿͲʵ˵ƫȷʵȫ屻ɱɱĺ֮ҲǺѪǵǿߡһڵѪҲûлɡ͵ǸƫΨһǿߣǴѪ塣
ʵӴЩ㹻ˡǣһĻ
㿴Ų˶ͶȵĿ⣬ǴżЦ⣬ЩҺܵ͸е泩룬ѹֹݣƾЩԺȵĶҪ˿
ȻҪʵǲˡ


691 Թ
ѪϣȻҪѡӣ֪ѡûУѪ峤ŸǿߣаͽѪģͬеѪġǰڵҲʶѪĳϺ˵һֱѪĳ̼ҳϳƽ
̼ȻȲѪպҲСӡҲΧɱеõôǰͬҵǣһᵽڹĵλ
ڳ̼ҺѪĶԹȻŴϹžʹڣرỪ屦ʱѪ˳̼һѣó̼һֱҧ
ԣ̼ҵĳϿڣѪ˾ͱ˼֣Ѫ峤ѪңЦǺǣѪڲ飬
̼ҳҡҡͷɲ˵̼ҺѪཻôꡣһ²ΪɡǺǣôȥˡӵӻδѡǲѪӵûа
仰Ѫ峤˲ͱѿԷ֮ǣѪһˣ
Ѫң˵ƽǹЦûҵɣǻ۹̫ˣѪһ̫ˣ
Ȼǻ۹̫ˡѪңһȴӵҪҲ̫һЩʮӾȻҪﵽ޶֮ϵʵ˵ΪʮӦòҵǻͻڣһٲſѪֱϵѪСΪֱϵѪЩԸ˵ӣŵ»ӵʮû롣
ҲԭǲŷſԴˣ
ǰɣƽЦֻҵҥԣ˵ǹˣ֮ӵӡ֪û飿
ֻǸһᣡˡѪң˵
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ƽʲôѪңŭųƽ
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㡭仰ѪңɫࡣһڵλãѪӸֶżȻʵҲƽѪңĶԻ
Ŀɨ˳ƽһۣƽ˲оԼ˱һ̲סһ
Ȼ̼Ը棬Ǿͽ°ɡѪӵĻ䵽ѪңĶ棬ȴѪңǡߵһѪһ˵˭ȥ
Ѫ˼оȻǡŭˣʱѪңĻһٿ̲סڿն䵽˳µĶ棺
ѪȻеƽЦҵһþûдˡһξͽᣬúдһΣ
Ѫңõ˻ӵĻȻ³ƽһ˵ԸΣ
ƽЦųеĳº£֣
˵仰ƽתͷѪңѪңΪأȻҪղסֽšȻⷢӣ
ȻѪңһѾˡֵ̼ģҿ⼸ҳҲģͺͳ̼Ѫӡ

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£ѪӵѡѡƽЦе˵
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ǰŭգȫӿȭһȭ˺ѿռ䡣ǣأݺݵ£վ͸㣬Ѫ岻Ƶ˵ġ
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ڳ˵䣬һ˳ȥһȭûжơһƺͶԷȭͷײһ𡣶Էȭͷ˲ʹ˹֮֮Ѫ׷ɳȥڵϺ޲ҽһɹѪҺӿ屻ѪҺȾ죬ͷϡһоȻһ֮ȫͷ顣Էڷ

ĿɿڴһĿų£Ҳû뵽¿ֲֵزһаһɱǲֻޡ
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ᣡѪңҧгݵ˵漴һߵһ˵˭ȥɵ
ԭһ߱ŭѪٲſʱȴһܿ͡Ѫң񣬲ҿѪң̫ǿʱԸġ
Ѫңʱһ˿ȥȴǻڶһ꣬ѪһƢѪʵҲֲﵽ޶ĲΡдԣնɱһ֮Ȼ֪ǲģⶼ֤Ѫǿ
Ѫ߳Ѫң˵ЦϵӲϢš
ǣϣ
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ǺǣѪɱһ֮ѪЦеĿŶ˵
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һ仰һƬȻһ͵ĿѪû뵽Ѫδ죬Ȼɱ˺֮ȻܿԽһս
ĶֲֵҿһۡЦ֣ϣܶУ̫ѿ
ߣѪŭѪӿѪ۳һͷ޴ıӣײУ˺ѿռ䣬ռڱӵбѹֲ¡
ҡҡͷһ޶Ҫǿ֣ǲ֪ɱ˺֮ġơ
ڳµĻ£ռ䶯ռ֮𵴶ڳµѪϣѪȻ˲䱻ķ飬ͬʱµҲѪǰһư£Ѫ˹֮˷˳ȥ
Ȼ׼ŹԷӰһŷ˳ȥٴһһŰѪ߽ᣬڷ
һĻ˶ʹĭעų¡һɱ֮ĴڣҲһʵǿнף߽ף߸ߣ
ߴͼϵһѪʱҲ̲סһۣ漴üͷȴû˵ʲôתͷͼһ̸Ц
ѪңҲû뵽¾ȻôǿһɱѪʵҲкнסߣҪǲѪЩٲſӦԲˡǣЩٲſһ֣ѪӾͶˡԷɳһ˶Ҫùĺ̼Ҳ²Ź֡
뵽⣬ѪңĶųƽϼһͼƻˡƫƫԼ˲òף


692 һ
ǿһϣѪңɫѿʱ򣬳ͻȻ˵һ䡣
һ仰ѪңɫӵѿѪſһŭųߡ
ҪңҪб£ҸɷҪǲңԺҾ·ΣЦе˵
ѪĸһȺ̵סһ˼ѳΧм䡣
ЦѪȻûм˲ţм֡
ѪңųżЦɫһƬ࣬Ķųƽ
ƽѪңŭ˿⣬쳣ĵ⡣ڳ̼һ࣬ΪһƫĵӣʵȴĵӡҪǣƫһ˲ű㲻Ӵġĵӣ
һѪ壬ܳﶼ壬ƫвûм˳ʡƽƾųһˣܰǶˡ
λְɣΧλߣ˵ʮ֮վš䣡
һ仰׼ŭѪߣһŭ
һѪ߶һۣ۳һ󷨣һ˺ѿռ䣬ȥԵ񱩣𶯿ռ䣬ɽ֮
ȴЦҪǴﵽ֮ʩչһ£ǵȴֻޣܺң
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ѪңԲ۾ͬӱڶĿռ֮ɴ۾ĿųŲšȻﵽ˸ߵľ磬ѹҫˡ
Ѫңľ֮УӿµĿռ˺һķ飬Ӱͬһ볡УȭɨȭӰֲһȭӰ£Ѫʮ˱һȭȭŵ
ŻлѪӣһĶһۡ˭û뵽̼ҵƫӾȻǿֵز
̼ҽиϳѪƣڿˡ
ǰһƫӶôǿľӢжǿ˵ܺѪĻ
Ѫˣ벻Լĵ϶Ӯ˳
ٺ٣ѵҪĵӳɣȣѪˣӵʮӶҲ롣


һѪɫѿ㣬߸Ϻһ̸ЦѪӶ̲סüͷ
˸ҪûУǾˣЦҿѪȷʵûʺӵȣϧˡ
ѪңѪ֪꣬Ϊ߽ףθȥƣͷҿѪң
ѪңҲ޿κΡ
ûǲǣҡЦǱ֮ɫ
ƽһʱҲЦЦĺܵ⣬ƵĿѪңѪңɫѵ¡ѪҪȴ˳һƣֵú䶯ĳʽʲôãڱ˿һЦѪ񣬷ȵס
Ҳ̲ס̾һѪҲ
ڳ̼һ˵⣬ѪһƬԹ޵ʱһ𣺡ô
һ仰һƬžĿ⿴˵ķȴһ껺߳վ˳ǰ
ƻżɬ꣬˴֮ͻȻ͵ĴЦѪ廹ˣȻһǰ
ѪңվҲüͷ֪ǿϾɱ֮ǣѵκε˸߽׺
Ѫ裡ܶԸѪңüͷȴż
ЦЦ˵һܱܰˣͬһа
һ仰һƬȻһԲ۾㣬괵ţ̫ᴵˡʲôһ߽׺һаˣԼǴܲɣǺ춥壬Ҳһа˸߽׺졣
ѪңҲü̫ˡҪ˵ʲôȴվûпڡϾʱûֵܵˣֻܻҽ
վڳĶ棬һЦݡ֮Եȵڲų֣Ϊ嶼ɱ¾֣ǹҧҲáѪ˲ˣֻԼɱ̼ҵˡ
ôĿǰʮҵ꣬Ǵżֲм
ЦЦ˵ԭΪԼܽѪ֪ܰѪѪתΪͳȡѪ
ѪͼžŵǬһµʱڡʵȻͻƣ˸߽׺졣
ַٶȼֱ޷ģһ½һסҪȻầȻ
㲻ʲôϾ׵ʱ򣬿Ǽ׼׵
󲻴Բ֪ˡЦеĿų˵һ˻ҵĶ֣ҪҪͬ齻ıһȳȥϲÿ
أǵ᲻һƱȳȥɡ˵
̾һãȻҲգȥɣ
˵仰ʱһƾɨ˳ȥһȳȥ죬һͬҲûһơ
˿һĻһһƻԸ
һͬʧЦǾһ˿һͬ˹ȥȣҪ֪ļһһ
ΪһսûκεˣѾ걻ģˡ
ôΪʱ򣬳ȴɫ䡣˻δӦͼӰ˺ٶȿ缲硣
Ǿ˿ٶȣȴɱܲǿһƣһƺ˳ϣһž˺Ȼŵǡ
һƲǰѳȷɣҲڳһӡǳԴıȵ壬ѪҺӿɶߡ
ȣ治ȵģһƾͰȳˡ̾һ
һһĿ㣬ʹĭȻ
ռ֮ƽҲŵĿ㣬ڿռ֮ƿشﵽ˷˵ĵزռ串İϣе̺ڰƵĿռ֮УǿƼ򵥵һƣȴ̺
С˶ԷԸֵܵһϣĺԩ
Ѫң֮ҲЦããã
Ѫңã벻ǿֵزԿռƿؾһֲֿľأѪңҪûкн׵ʵҲһưѶԷԴȵ
нڹҲһˣȻôһͣĳɾ͸˵Ҫһˣ뵽⣬̲ס˷
һɡ㿴ųƽķлɱɱˣȻ
ƽ㣬żĳϵ˵ͷȻһ˵ȥСһЩ򲻹䣬ֻ̽ʵҪðա
ǣƽһͷվߵյء
Էֻ߳һˣЦһɱ˳֣һ̽ˣһɣһˡ
һ仰ֻø˴ͣѪңҲֱֱĶ㡣


693 ʶ
һ˾͹ˣ˵
㵱Ϊ𣿡ЦЦĺܻ졣
⻶ȴ΢΢üһֲõԤУҧ˵Ȼ
ЦҲգȻˣǾȥɣ
˵仰Ӱ˲ʧԭվĵطһӰʧ˵Уһ˲ȴ߶档
ߴ󺧣뵽Էٶô죬ֵȴԷһ˹һͬͬƿһռ䣬ֱֱڶԷϡһƣԷͷҲ˳ȥֻʣȥѪҺڵϵεδ
Сƽ͵վȻ󺰵
ɨ˶Էһۣ˵ͺʵҲԳҵʵδ̫Сˡ
ȾƣȾƣԭ߸ϣ֮۵Ѫӣʱüͷչٱͬ͵ļ꺰
Ѫӵ̬Ȼ֪ΪʲôһĿ⿴㣬ޱȡոյٶǼ޷
ƽͬײĿ㣬ԭɳһȥ̽һ׶ǿû뵽ʲôû̽ͱԷһٴ
Ѫңʱ緢һɨոյŭ⣬ЦĿųƽ˵̳ϣǳ̼ӵҲˣһһǺǣ㻹ûȥսģûо͵ҵ䣬ҾͲƽˡ
ȻԸķŹƽЩͲɱɾ̳ϣһϣһʮ˸УҶˡ
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һŶԷ˵һᣬǵͬ鶼ɴܶԿҡҪȻֻ
ԲѣΪ׵ŭϵ˳ȥһ𶯣ռŤӿ˹ȥ
ǿҲǺ춥ѣԼҲﵽ˺춥壬ɣô֣ʰˣ
ҡҡͷ˵̫ˡ
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ĺʣ£ͻȻʮѪɫĽЩ磬˻δӦͺϡ

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Ǿˣﵽ߽׺ĿֲĽǴ߰˸ʵߵȻȴشѪ
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ѪңԷŭ⣬ҲĿ⿴㡣ոյǺ֮ģҲ㲻ֻǺ졣
ЦĵĿ˶ԷһۣҲͣǰĿ⿴ѪӣǲǴܣǳ̼ӵĴӦܽͰɡ
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ǣڴʱһȻ𣺡ӵ£ҪʥѪѪˡ
һϤɫ䡣û뵽˻


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ѹ֣ѪӵͷѪʦֵܵѪҲ˵˵ǵʦʱǵģܴﵽܶѪû뵽ǵõˡ
ôĵӣô˵ѪһƫҲɱˣѪңԪϺͻӵĶԻŭ˵ɫ
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ѪϣѪ嵱治Ҫ˶Իɸ񲯡Ѫ嵱ˣǳ̼ҽ˰αһԸǡ
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ҪǽղȻһ
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˳ĬδɴΪϣ춥ʹȻֻһ࣬ȴһ죡

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ȣƿԪվܿܰ˿ֲĿռߡԸ춥嶼ɱǣ֮ȴݿһ˲顣
̾ϢϵĿռ䱻ݻ١ȴ㱻Ѫһˣ


695 ܾˣ
ΪѪһо˿ռߡشʱһռߡѵʱڿռ֮Уȴ嵴׵磬׵֮дſ񱩵ڣһжΪҽ
ѪɫҲ˱䣬һƲĳѪӭȥ׵յ죬ðŰ̡
Ŀռ̲֮׵ȻǺֶΣҪѪǴܣһξҪĵ񱩵ҪǺϣǴҲҪش
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һĿƵĿ㣬ҪǴﵽܣǻôǿѪֵĻᶼаɡ
ĿƵĶ㣬аԼܺѪ齻ּС
Ҿȣ벻̶һµʱ䣬ȻֽһףѹָˡѪ鶢˵ȴǰءĳɳٶֲ̫ҪǲɱǻԼӰ
Ѫһ仰˾ȲѣоʮֳԾѵ˵֮ǰѪͺ꽻ˣôܣ˵Цɣ
԰ѪҲ̫û˰ɡΪܣȻһδ˶ʰˡ

ѪȻһۣһ˳ĺ۵ϣ⼸˲屬ѿڷ
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СƣѪЦѪѪӭ
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ܽһֻһ˿ѪҺ԰ˡѪ鶢㵭˵ҪǳˣѾˡ
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һУҾҪѪ鶢ݺݵ˵
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һ㱼ϢѪȥضֱʣһѪӡ˺ȻĿƵĿ㣬úȻޱȣⲻ
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˴Ŀ㣬̿ˣ£ﵲסֻ·һѡ꼻һֵ꣬˿ҪڻѪˮˡ
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Ѫӵ˶ɴ۾Ķ㣬ޱȡСʲôˣȻδܵľܹͨط׭ʩչط׭Ǵϡ
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˵ʱһءֲأһѪ⣬Ҫ˺ѡ
㵱ΪֻкסѪɫӣҲܵסһС
˵ʱӰ趯һӡ˳ȥŵǬռӣžߡ϶Ϊһ磬
ĺ£Ŀռ䲻ϵСԭټĿռȻĻСϵĵģεӣռȻСһ㣬ƺ뵽λá
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Ѫ֮һƾȻıķ飡
ѪҲû뵽ʩչֵԪľк󣬾ȻһеסԪδġ
ڴʱһ׵ͻȻֱѪȥ
ƵĿֲ׵ɨѪɫֱ䣬Ӱܿһ׵硣ȻֻǺ죬Ǳ׵ȴ൱ֲǴܣҪٱ׵ϵĻҪϼˡ
ȻòռݵϷ磬ƴʵȷʵǴʱռȨˣһ׵ɨ
ģѪ׵಻һ˿Ļᣬֻƴֵ
˿ͺѪ鱻׷ƵġһĿɿڴһ֮Ȼ׷Ĵ֮ܡǲģ
㻹Ѫ鶼ףֻҪ׵һͣϻдʵʵȲʱֻռȡȻѡ
ԣ㲻ȻѪŬıܿһ׵뻺һ
Ѫʧˣ׵ƿҲԤϡһ׵ûһ˿ƽϢҪͨ׵ѪҲ£ƫƫʱףӲӡ

Ѫ鱻׷ɱһ̲ס͵վסһ׵籬䵽ϡ׵ѪѪҺ㲢û˶ˣɫ䡣Ѫվ֮Ȼ׵磬ƴһֱֱĺ㣬һ֮дԪ񱩶ֲ
һƣҪ
屬ˣǴܵһƵĿǱıӰһһƻǺϣһƺ£㵹ɳȥһƬѪͬѪҲ׵Ĳҽз˳ȥѪҺƮһƬ
һƬžһ͵ĿһĻ


696 Ҫ
ܾˣ
˶Ѫɳȥ˶̲סһ𺳣о˼顣Ҳû뵽Ȼܺʹܾܶˡ
ˣͬѪ˵ֻܱ߰˳ɵʵѣǳ׵Ĵڣ
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ǣⲻΪ𺳵ġ˴Ͷͫ͵ǣѪͬڵϡǸȴԤϣû˶ڵϣֻڵ̤Ľӡĵվ֮󣬿һѪҺȻֱֱվȥɫЩҰ֮󣬲ûб״
찡ôܣ˴͵Ŀ㣬ͬܶԷһȻվѪȴ˵ϡ˵ѪܵƸأ
һܣһ죡˸صķǿߣⲻ˵Ц
𺳵ûӰ㣬ĨһǵѪҺŴӵѪҧ
Ѫ۶㣬ͬŲšһȻûʮɵǾԲ㱬׵ҪдԪһоȻҲûиɷ㡣ôܣ
㺰ѪҰ׵ʮ־ʡó׵ĴڣȴһƵֵز
㲻Ҫɱ㶢ѪŭĨϵѪҺ쳣ƳѪ֮Զ

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Ѫ˺󼸲֮Ҳо˾һ죬ѹ¸ոڳĿ־壺㲻ɣ
һת֮䣬ѷڵѪѹȥ磬ӿȻ˿ڸոա
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ƨ£ҲΣѪŭһ
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Сӣ̫̫ˣ
̲סͶȥ̾ͬ
ѪҲû뵽ᱻһ굱ȳ⣬ΪѪӣѾڶ֮һˡһֱСʱȴһ֮ȳ⣬棬Ѫڣ
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⹷ΣѵͻŹ𣿡ЦɱˡɱѪҲù
ЩѾʼŶˣһһӣ̫ˬġ
ѪߵļˣǴʱмɫСǵ
ʲôӲɱ㣿ѪѪƣѪأѪȵζ𵴶ȥء
²ȶȶ֮³һģʧԭءѪдŵԭվռ쫷Ű
ÿٶȣ۾һѪȻֻһŭȴ˵Ҳܱܿ
ѪӸǾ죬̤̤֮һĵҲҪﵽʥƷſǣأճġ
ܿѪӵȴȻޱȣոնԷֻĳʹﵽ˴ܵҪǽңΣش֪Ѫӵжǿ
߱ɽʩչģĿռƿ֮ĳΡǺѪӿߵ棬㵭˵ܿҵһιҲڶλġ
ѪӾӸµĶ㣬һѹ£ռһ̶ƵġоĪѹʹתѹ˶١
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ΣҪǸ߱ӣ˵⿪һ·Ѫӵ˵
һ仰˲ƲƲͣ˭֪ѪرҪŹꣿˣֻǣ湻ģѪӶ⡣
ЦѪ˵㵽۹⣬ȻҪֻͨѪ廹ûá
ͨ˵Բ۾кȻ˵ոʩչͨҪͨĻǾͲʲôδܴܰˡǣôܣ
ƽ˵õͨҲ޷ʩչʩչҲͨͬʱʩչ
ѪͬͫĿ͵ļµѪ⡣ϲ˭ͨһ֧ͨһĳɳΪһĴڡ
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Ķ˾õһ־ˡǣǰļһȻõͨҪղƾͨ˵ڴ½ֻһպĹ塣
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ѪӴ͵Ŀǰ꣬Ҳû뵽Ȼ½ϢϽȴȻӵ½
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ĻѪߵļǿɫ䣬û뵽ѪѪ֪ҵˣȻ˿˶֪֡Ѫ˱ɱľģضҪõ־ѪӺεʵҪǶ֣ɡʹܿҲûá


697 ҵ
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˵Ŀޱȣ˵⻰ʱ򣬲ɿһѪ飬ûһԼɹˡ
ѪɫȴޱȣҪѪ鷢֣ԼһЦˡ
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ҵӣ𶯾Ʊ䶯
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ѪĶźϣɫŭڶյ۾Ѫ졣
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ںϰ궪㱻ûյŰĿתѪ棺ôɱɣ
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˵꣬Ȼ֣һ˹ȥһĳȥûһ˿粨𡣾ͬͨɨƵġ
һĻ˱ĲѣΪԼǴ۲ɣһ˼ңһƣӶĲɡ
ѪҲмһѪС׼֣ɫȴͻȻ䣬ĺѪɫ͵˳ȥ
˹ŹֵĿѪ棬ɻѣǻδӦѪΪʲôôѪȴ͵Ĳҽһ֪ʱϳһƣһƺϣѪ棬Ѫ͸ѪΪȼȼѪҽѪӿǵأ棬ζˣֻܲϴ
ֱֱյѪҽʮϢʱ䣬ϢʱյĻҲͣѪҺȫյĸɾʬɿǰһӡ
Ǹӡ˴ĵð˺⣬ҿͺˡʲôֶΣһİһҪﵽ۾˸찡ôܣ
ǣǰһĻȴòţĿⶼѪʬϡ
պһ˵جΣһĴڣˣѪˣ׵ıɱˣߵʲôѵﵽ۲ɣҪǴﵽۣôѪӦĻᶼûоɱˡ
Ҳû뵽ǿֵز˵һ˳һ˵ѡǣȴʵˡ
Сӣ㲻ҪʥѪҾͰѪǵѪɣһˣϷֻˡ


699 ʥѪ
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ʲôû˵һ˹ȥһ˹ȥûжơһ£Ѫʱɽѣеһжѹķ飬Ľ£һ޴ѷ졣ԭһɽ
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˼ЦԭﱾԴ֮ҵܵõһЩɡȣûлȥɡҪȥĻҾͰȡҲһ¡ҪܶͶᣬֻΪ磬ִá
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ܵϣͺȻɻź˵ǺʲôȻѪ߹
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ϵĻεͷֻ취ˡ
ϴЦ㲻õҡȻһЩǱǰ壬ѾǼõĽˡ
ǺǣЦǰȷʵǿ̫࣬ϴʱʵɱ˾ɱˣõġ
㻹Ǿﵽܰɡﵽܣҵ˲ŻǿΪҪǴﲻ㸸Ǽ壬ҲǿڷĲ˵ֻгףʸġ
˵ЦЦİɣӦúܿˣ
һ仰úϴ֪ͣģ


701 Ѫ
õʥѪûмѪȻʱʥѪѵķˡҪȫѪڵǱزٵģΪڵ𵽶ѪãѪе˲䱬ܳܵס
Ѫ֮ͬڵĽ֮ˮЩ֮ˮҪų˲ȫĻǺӵ̿϶ơҪа취ȶ룬ȻһһַţǾûһΣˡ
ڵã㾡ܴʱӵʥѪͷҲƳڵѪܱ֤һʧҪȻܱ֤ܳ˲ӿĿֲ
սҲ˲ƣкߣʮְȫˡȻҲѯʺϸִ½ӵжٹ壬ӵжһٺΪеģ
ϱϾǻ˲֪ȻΪƱ״̬ܾûڴ½ˡǺָܶƣ

һԨöľ񷣬ľʢҩأг͸涵һ߲ʲƵڴżߡϲʵĿ˶۾·ںһ
Ǿã˵˭һ۾ӻǡڼžԨȴԵü߶۾
֮½ȷʵУǴӵõϢȴ֪κһѵ˵Ĵۣ
ܣҪµĴ۽ܲһˡǸ嶼û˵ӦһĴܾ֮ۡѣӳⷽٵＴʹϹҲǺպһʶģ
Ӧ˭
¿뵽һλ½һλպĴ
˵ǡ
˭¾޼ɵҪ˭˭嶼һϵȵĹ壡һϹžԺյĹ壬Σ´ƶԸ
˵һ͵վȻȻѣ۾¶ľ֣ⲻܣڸУܻš
ţȻ֪Ҫ½ҪѪȷˡǣµķһĵӡ
ĵӣüͷ˵̫ܰɣδ˵չӣ
û˵ûУ룬ѪȻһµȹ塣ǱϾһ壬վǺ壬Ҷ׵˵𡣿ǣȴΪһֱ塣ְԵֶΣʵģȥ뵽ĵӣ벻ˡ
뿴Ҫǹ֮ˣǲ̫ûеõϢΨڵһǵòһ˿ϢҪǶһۣҲ֡
˶һۣ漴üͷҪҪʥҪһܴģ
ʱҪû֤ʵʥ÷Ը
ţɡɳһˣǰ̽ǺҪĵӣǾֻܾʥˡһ˵Ǿأ
Ǿɣȥǳǲĵӡ

ͺȻ֪Ԩ֮е̸ͺϴʱȴһϿ֮УҲѾȬʵųҪٹҵʱ䣬Ȼܴﵽ춥塣
Ҳܸоʵһһ䣬̲ס̾ӵоŵǬں֮ӵñȵϡ
ЦЦ˵ʲôȴüͷһһͷ¶β
ôˣɻʵ
һЩСˣҲգúõĴȥ˵϶˵Ҫߺǰɱ㣬ȱܿҪӲ潻֣һ˭ҶһǺڡ
ϵĻ˵ͷЦ㣡
ϵͷԼȻǶִ֣ҪӵĻԷһסԼοһ˰Ĵ⣬ܺܿǰ鷳
õĻش𣬺˺ѣСһ˲ʧУ
źʧȼвȡ˫Ҳͼ֮УڵҪҩҳ
ԴڹڵõЩҩҩĵ˿õģ㵣ĵǣʵƳĵҩ
԰ɣһƲʧҲһЩҩĶѣ
ӿָ㶯˫Ļð˳滯˫ȡһҩͶ֮Уȴһϲϡ
ؼƷ𣿡
̰Ŀ⿴һֻﲻ֪ʱվһȫѪ۹ŵӡ
Ѫˣ㿴ǵı־·ɻ߲֮Ƕɱ𣿴ӸոնԷ˺ճУȻǴﵽ֮
Ҳ̫˰ɣȻ©֮㣡ֹһз̰ĺϣҲûԼôǿ
֪ܵʱͲѪ塣ŽӵһصѪʱȴѪΪһƬ档кȻͬʱͺҲ֮ǡ
ԵǺҵʱ˵ðǰɱ㡣
֪ǰʦǿʱҲеͻȻðǵȴǰ϶硣
ҪѪܶ㣬ѪѪӿѡ
е˫ŶԷ˵㲻ʦ
ԷһǺһλı֤Ͼͷģģʦزˡ
֮ԱǣȻ仰ǿ϶ıǣΣǿʵǰκıõģ
ȻΪԷ֪ͣԼʱʵʹвࡣҲԸһսϾǳֺõ顣
Уⲻ˶ѣ
ԣӰһͼߣһƬӰҪɱң׷ɡֻҪʦ֮ǰɱңǾӮˣ֮ǰɱңˡ
һ仰öԷ͵Ȼ˵սʹܶսһʤȻѪֻǷӳܵ߰˳ʵҲɱǲġ͵ľ
ٶȺܿ죬ԷΪٶҲͬοԷ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռ֮ٶ¼ûСĴܽ׷ᣬķ׭˹ȥ׵籩·߲ϵı仯ǿһľ롣
׷ǴܣҪɱҲкˬ죬ôܵ׷ɱٴһңΣ̤֮䣬һĴӽ硣
ģѪٶȷʵҪҪ죬Ǳķ׭ţ㲻ϱ仯·ߣȻ׷ϡоѡ
ٶȣҲҪ׷ɱң㲻úЦ𣿡ЦЦ쳹աڵµļ̌ͷȥȴ֮ӰһΪ֮զ಻ѡⲻ֪λ
ͬХһ֪˶Զתһ·ߵʱǰȴͻȻһԪɫ䣬͵վһתܿȴŲõԤС


702 ǶҪ
ԤкܿõȷֻԼһӰĸӰӿΧģ磬һƹԣǣأź֮
ĸܣ
Ŀ͵ȫ˵ǿңԿһ֮Ȼĸܡ
Ǻǣν졣Ժ֮սܴһ漣ǲòСһЩһ߳ЦûĴΪ㣬ǽ˶㡣
ݣʧЦżܹЦʦˣǾͻ֪ô㽵ݺ㽻֡
ģʦ۾ǿˣѾ´֣ʦ𲢲֡οĸܡѹ㡣֮д۵ЦеĿ㣬˴ǵĿ겢ʦǵĿΪ㡣
۾ϵƢ֪ΪС϶Ҫ˾ҪǶԷֻƴӵĻϾҲѶȡϾΪ۾ѾʮֲֿĴˡ֮Ǭߵռת֮
ˣ˵ЦˣǸߣǶߡ۴ܶЦе˵
ѵҵʱûдҵİҪɳ޵ٸ˵ߡǣ⼸棬ֳͬң㶢ŶԷ˵ʲô£ҽžǡ
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ȻˣǾͱǲˡ۴ܶ˵ܿסһܲ˳ֵĻʮϢס
˵ʱһƺŤأ˺أһ⡣
ɫ䣬²ȶתĸܵϣȻŬĿסǻתܵһЩƣת
䡭
߶ף׺ɢһƹԡȥסһơ
߽֮󣬾䣬죬ŷ֮ռһƬľױһɢǽž׵סԷһУӰܿ˶Էһơ
һƺĲӰϣӰ˲䱬ѣأըѿ㱻ըķ顣һ죬ʱˣ̧ͷգĸ˴ǿΧһ꣬һʧѡ
ǲֵз찡ĸΧ
ԣǸѪ۵ӲѪ̹ѪһλԪϣȻš˱Ѫ黹ҪҲպδܵʱе߲֪ϲľȫѪһħ
۵˺ĴܣΪ׵Ǹɽ˵ҪͻƴһԪ֮ҪܶԪ֮һƬҲǺպĴš˿ɽ벻ĸȻΧܶδꡣ
ҳһҲ湻ԺġȻʵȲϸһսȴǱġ壬ǸһںսܶʤĸΧһ˵ģ

˶̧ͷעգĿƣҪܴܲ漣ĸܵΧӳȥ
Щ㲢Щ˽֣ϾĸζǶֵġֻҵͻƵߣźϻʰ
ĻˣҪ˳ֻߵĻҲûȥˡɽ㡣
ԷĻ˵һҲδأ˵أ
ΣѪ̹ĵĿ㣬ԭߵʱû뵽ǰΧ㣬ĸʮϢʰˡ
ְ˰ɣʦȻ۾ˣҪصĻһ˶ܻȥɽ˵
˵ͷƸԱӿҪͨ£־ˡǶ˵ȻӰ죬ȴܴﵽ־ܵĵزָϵĵ㶯һļûɽӲߣܿǵԪ׭۵ɽӷ׭
ߵɽӷ׭¶̰Ҳ˵ͨҪǶܵõֵĻʵͻͽĽ֮ʩչͨǺεȵİ
ϧˣֻǺ֮ҪﵽʩչһСҪâȴֻҪһ԰顣ɽ˵
ܻܲ飬ҪԹ֪֮ɽ˵֣ɢƣһɽѵбӿԳѾ˷˵ķ룬еһжΪɻңֲĵµľҳһ֮ͬ䴩졣
һҪɽѣһҪ־ܡ
Ļûһ˿仯򶨣ɽӲϱ仯뷲ӿȥɢһââͬ¹µĺˮ֐ӿѹȥ
𣡡
һӾ˹ȥѼסӿ貵ĹâһжѹҵʱҲٶ͵ļ
ɽһۿҪкȻָ㶯һٶ͵һᣬۿҪͻƳѹ
״һƲϵ˳ȥҳϲĶ֣һУζѹס
ޱţ𶯲񷡣õµΪ֮𶯡һܾ֮ԵסҪԪ֮ĴֲܿһǺεȰţ
ߣΣɽܵĪ裬һᣬҪҪһ֮ܵסһ涪ˡ
Ʋϵ£ռ䲻ӣͳӻһ𣬵סϵӵĿռ䴩ȥС
һĻܶզ಻ѣĿ⿴ɽɽɫѿ¡ݺݵĳһơ
µ˿һĻһҲɫŹ֡Ȼֻһбѹסȴɽ棬һһԪĶǿ߾Ȼͺֵ֮ĵһо·磬⴫ȥɽĺպҪͲ١
ߣɽʱ䣬⽻ôãϢѾȥˡҪǻʮϢͳΪһЦˡ뵽⣬ɽҲԼһ֮㣬캰һ֣
һ仰˵ͷԼһع񣬳ĳӺȥ
ꡭ
ĸ֣ܶһһƬЩ˶ҪġȻĸֶܳԿһ֮
ãҲЦĸΧ԰ˡ
ߣĻɫѿĳӷ׭ϡӷ׭ȻǿǱĸͬʱֹ㻹ǵס飬㱻ɣһѪҺ˳ľϣһѪҺ˳
㱻ĵɳȥʮףɽ˵־ܰɡ
㶢ŶԷͻȻЦ쫷紵ƮЦ쳹һгһƿƿ򿪣мһ߲ʲƵʥѪҪסңǻҪ
˵仰ָһ㣬ʥѪȻָ֮УͻȻ֮쳹գ޴𶯵Щ˶Ĥѡ
գǶҪȴɽ˲ð˺⡣


703 Ѫ
߲ʥѪڣӡϵĽתϢʥѪֱۣ뵽ӡСӡǶʱ߲Ѥ
ʥѪΪԷΪ·Ѫѣʴ֮ƣ
ĺ£һ߲⣬Ѥ˿˿Ƶɢ߲ʹâȴļµϢϢĸܶëȻ
Сڸʲôôɢ˿ֲϢɽкȻҪɱ㣬ʼɢļ߲ʹâȴ
һĻ̧ͷ㣬ɻʲôȻĸܶҶˣ
ȻѻѪԭƻӵڵ֮ѪǴʱѾȲˣʱʵܿܣȻ޷⣬ǾֻƴһˡвܵѪ֮ĳױ㶼ֻ
ʥѪ壬ڿգ
ʥѪȫ͸УʥѪȫ뵽УӡǸ߲Ѥӡɢ߲ʹâ뵽ѪҺ֮УѪҺһ㣬ʱ̺ͬһһɹ˴ɢ˲䱻ˮʪ
УѪҺתٶȴﵽһֲֿٶȣѪҺڣһɹ͸֮Уڹɹ͸£ϵ϶ʱ۳һģĿʼתɷ׭
ѪҺͬڵĺڱڲϢڵʱһɹȵϵĳһȵо쳣泩ǵһδȫգڶٴδѪҺбڳ
ʱѪҺ̵ͬĽ֮ˮɢ߲ʹâ֮ԭɺѪҺͷϢƵʮֿ죬ҪѪһ㡣
֮䣬ѪҺҲɢһâԭѪҺͬĨϻҳıһ˿ע⡣ǴʱѪҺȴͬһ㣬ѤĹâ͸棬貵Ĺâ
ѪҺļ¹󣬹⻬Ӳӣâ¶һֳѵϢһʥ
ӡɢ߲ʹâ壬߲ʹâҲһڿն𣬰ʮ磬캧ˡ
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ɽŵĿǰһĻо˼顣ϹǻרУǻͼڡδ˵˭۳צӰ
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ģСӵʲôɽɻСӵʲôҪ˵ʩչУȻҪȻոܷŹĻᡣ
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ϵڷɣ߲ʹâĶͷϣ֪ʱһʥѪѪѪҺڶͷϣͬһ룬ȴԵ
һ˲ȻɳԽӵ޳ýɫǵʣȫͷĿ졣ŹɹӿȲɵֵ
ɽ˺ȻѣʱѾˡȻܵ˼ܣͬɫҰסһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʥѪΪѪѣ
еķ͵һ۳ɹͷʥѪģû뵽Ѫ֮УЩĵĽ룬ѪҲһʥѪһģһķġЩĲϳ֣Ȼֲϵ뵽Ѫ֮УӣѪڼϢ֮䣬ͺʥѪķĲ
ڷĹ£Ѫͬһɢҫ۵Ĳʹ⣬Ӳʹ͸壬ֲĲʹ塣ִ׵Ĵ˿Ϣ̶ʱʹﵽ˺춥ĲΣ۳ط׭ʱѾﵽ˾ŵط׭
ϹһԪҲ۳ŵط׭ѾǴһԪļˡǣϸûãź춥ʵѾﵽ˴һԪܴﵽط׭ޡ
ɲϵķ֣ԽԽȡѪҺڵԽԽ뿪ҪƽѪҺ¶ѾˣѪҺȴ˿ûм֮䣬ʥѪķĲϵĹ
ʥѪӿֵķԽԽ࣬ѪҺ֮ķҲԽԽࡣʥѪͬһڵѪҺķȫǣȻ֮
ֵķԽ࣬ѪҺ֮ӿѪ֮Խ࣬޷ÿӿ㶼Ҫ˺ѰľʹʱڿʼûڵΣˡ
䡭䡭
ɹ͸֮УǿȲϵӡ˿ֲҪƽߣѾ˺ˡʱֻϣǿܳѪ˲䱬Ŀ
֮ԸԣΪǿҪǿ̫ࡣϹʱڣѪ϶ûжʵѾﵽ˺߽סҲӦòмӵߵط׭ǿȡǱҪڵ
㲻ͬǿԶԶǿǡȻðգȴɵİܿסѪ緢Ǵ緢ٶȿɵĶûˡ
㲢֪Ҫʹõ۾ѪҺΪѪӣȷʵɵİտסѪҺ緢ɻߣϾں߽ѾҪӽϹһԪĴɡǣʹ֮ͨʥѪΪӡ֮ͨʲôֻѪҺѵĸӿݣӿҲѸͿ񱩡
ʥѪķĲϵ֣ǣѪҺеķģЩĻһζ
״ϵӰһ壡Ѫѣ
Ĵ£ζھʮصӰû뵽СӰзɵںһ𣬻ӡǣĶͷĶͷһӡǣһʥѪǵġ
һɹӿڳ֮ܵڿʼܲס˺ѵʹ
ģһкȻʱ㲻뵽ס
ʱûа취ѹɽ׭ֻϣ۳һķ׭׺أ۳ķ׭ӦҲܰɡ
ɽӷ׭ѹԪⲻӿ֮еɽӷ׭ӦҲѹ
۳һ׭۷׭Ҫ۳ķ׭ѵöࡣ㾪ϲǣͬһ۷׭ֻĵҪʮֹ
ʱȻ˼ģ۳һģɽӡ
ɽӻֻһӰªһգ㺧Ȼ
ѵҪɣ
кȻʱɫɽӰȴû뵽֮У󲻵ǣɽӰûУѹЧ۵ɽӷ׭ҪǿʮֹԭӿѪ֮Ȼѹһ롣
ϲֻҪѹһ룬оĶȹѪĽѡ


704 ۾
һգѪ֮ϵӿ뵽ʶСʮϢʱ䣬Ĵ׵ĻָҲϵ׳
Ѫ֮뵽УǿȲϵӣĲȫ۳һ׭
ѹһ룬ӿѪ֮Ȼ񱩣ȴܳܣ
ͷϵĲʥѪмķԽԽ࣬Ĳ֮䣬еһһļѪеķҲǣ
ʱӿĺʥѪѪҺȻһҲ߲ʹâ˱߲ʹβƣˡ
ͬʱʵٶȿֲ֮Ƭ̾ʹﵽܣһһֱһԪԪԪ
ʥѪΪѪͬΪԴ𣡡
ȳʱвѪʥѪĲٶȴﵽһ¡ͬʱʥѪӿֳķģҲѪӿֵķһ²ҹ
ʥѪѣ޵
һȳ⣬ԭʥѪ͵ľֹڲѪҺʱҲ͵ֹͣʱȴƿضƿ֮У֮ժ£
ŶķȷʾѪǰףʥѪͻѪﵽһ£ѪݱʥѪֱʥѪĴѪŻָ
Ҳ˵ʥѪѪʱһʥѪʵҲﵽȫӵʥѪʱľ磬Ҳǵ۾
۾ֶܱãǾҪѵʥѪƷߡҪֻǵ۾ʥѪĻֻһǣʥѪͻһգָǣҪʥѪƷԽߣͣڵ۾ʱԽ
㲻֪֮ͨʥѪֶܼãʱ̫ܲ͡
ʱ䣬޵Уδ۾жϡ
ջĿ⿴ĸܣһ˲ɽѣɽɽѣݲգΰ
ĸܴʱȫ亹ܣע£ǸоƤ亮ǾȻһ˿ġ
Ҹ߹ǣǶҪ
𶯶ع߲ʹâ磬ÿһë׶ڷ⣬ĺؾһ
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ʲôʵ澳Ҳˣ
ѵǵ۾
ܣܣֻһ֮ѡҲ졣
Ѫ̹ڳܲѹһгֱĺ
ûг֣һ˫Įȥ͸գһ̲׺ɣһжʧһۣѪ̹ͲҽһͬܵشݺݵĴһƵģ嵹ɳȥɵλãٴɨ˳ȥ͵ըѿѪգȼճ׻𣬰յĸɸɾʬ޴档
˸оͷƤ飬ǲ֮ɫɹɺڼڣһܾȻֻǱĿҪ˵ȥ˭ܰţһжǰ
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ĸܣֱɱ֮һգ˶δӦ
˴Ŀϵ㣬ͷƤ顣޷ʱʵ׶ǿһܰ˿ԶԶܣ
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µһӿľξˣһҶͷĿתƵϡǰһĻ̫ǵģǿҲˡ
˵ĺȻ֮У֮ϵӰͻȻ˺ѿռ䡣Ҳû˺ѵĿռ֮С
ʧ̱ڵϣڴڵĺϵ亹Ѿʪ
찡״ﵽʲôΣ𣿡
ĸܣȻһɱˡǺεʵ
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ģңʧˣȥ
ѵǡ
ԣһȥ壡϶ǵģ漰ɱһȥ
壬һ尡ѵҲҪѧʦһ岻ɣ

кȻһۣԷе𺳡ǲ̫
ߣҲȥ忴
ûﵽʵҲȥյģӻĲǲǣ
ȳ˲һҧ˵ոĿɨǣȴûжǳ֣мǳ֡Ҫûж⣬ԸǵġѵԸ˭֣ܿ鰡
һ仰˸оѪȡ˵ǻܡһĴڻǵһμĳȴһ壬ܴ
ߣߣȥſսţҲпֲȻſս
ԣܿ˴ս޺ˣ

ѹסеľ֣ʼķϹȥҲɱϢҲͬХһǿдȥ
Ϣ˴㵣һ˾úЦôܣһ֮ȴһ壬ⲻЦ
ǣǾǲ˵ˣʦȥ塣
˶ҡͷҧгݵıʾǰȥ塣Ϣò˴ȳŴϢˡ˵Цһ㶼ЦɵӲŻġ
ԽǱЦϢʹԽ죬Хһϯ
Ȼһ·ȥˣҲüѣЩķ˲ɣ汻ⲻ֪˭˵ҥƭˣ
ȻϢûлشҪסЩһ£ЩȴǣֻŸ·
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ȻǺ˵۾ʦ𣡶ǲǰȥΧкʹֵܽĻᣬҲѷɡ
Ǻǣ˵ͨҪܵõĻʵҪˡ
ⲻҪģҪס˵ش
ǺǣɽԪôûлһԪ˵˵ӦҪ˰
ǰһ죬ʮϢãôỹûѵˣ
ܣΪ鵢ˣס飬ԲʧġȥӦڻ·ϰɡ
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仰üԪûзӦһ͵ĿӣǾǲһЦ壬һպĹ塣˸£
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ŭЦ׼ͷӵʱһضҡһεĻҪոǿ̫ˣĲҽѾǵĶСü˺ȻĶһۣҲͣӰһ漤
Ǽ䵽֮⣬ǰһУǵԲ۾ĿܿͶ֮еһǿ׳壬вš
վŵ޳˿ƮĮȥգɽѣ಻ɽȻ磬ǣ۲
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ܷǳ߲ʣĮתηʱϵ£Ψһ㣬޵УûĶ֡
ϵÿ̤һǧڷµɽܲϡ֮ϣɨͬһո

һҽвϵҪǸˡȻըͨӣǺ죬ԭһɱ
㣿֣Բ۾ǰ꣬ǲ֮ɫǿѾˣһ֮㣬ôͻȻôǿ
⻹ôһ㣡ͬħ񣡡
ڳûһëģתɫ԰׵Ŀ꣬˰ǵıȡ䵽棬ŷ
һ£򵥶ֱӣһƻĻһѹеһжѹķ飬ӣܺεʵӵкεȱһ£ѹɷɻҡʲôû£
ʱĿһĻкȻѣһ˵Ǻεʵܱ𣿡
Ԫ϶һۣ˵ͷҡҡͷǾôɡ
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һħһ㣬һ˹ߵ׵ĳ嶯ʹȴﵽԪˣָо
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ֲ̫ˣڵϣҰ׵촽²ѣ¶޿־塣ô꣬ǵһ˾֡
ԼڵԪ϶ǱԷһɨͱشǵӰ߲ʡӿ˾ĸо
ûͣһٴ̤ӯ켣һƳȥһԪϷӴʵȻǿ󲻵ǼĶ飬޻εһƻǺǵϣ߽жûһ䣬屬ѿѪգʬ޴ա
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廹ŵĵӶͷƤ飬ΪǣһֱҫĴڡ뵽һᱻɱšʵûС
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еӵɴ۾ĻһУĻըֲĻһ飬ľϣЩӾͱ׵Ľ顣
һ͵ĿһĻд˾֡ǵĻɱ˶ǿСȴԷֻˣǿֵز
˶ˣǿ߻ֵܵ
ͬɨĵһƬһƬڷŵ̱ڵϣҲСӿ޺죬һӴܣŵĳɷħ״
Ȼɱ˵ĻᣬֻҪеĵӣܶǿСʱͬһ飬ƿ˵
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һЩѵˣųе꣬Ҫˡź֮꣬ͻȻʵ»ܵס
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һ仰ûŵĵӷӦԣǻһڣȻһֱչزǡǣеϣԼܵסˡ
ӹһڣǡ
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涢··ɽӱһƬ棬ʬҰǧˣʱµĲʮ֮һġ߲ǿߣȫɱ
ʱ廹һ𣿾ɱǰһ꣬Ҳָĵλ֮ǾҪڹˡ
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ĵӷӴܣʵﵽֵزʵ򶷵ನɱ
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һ侪Ĵ򶷾ˣһʧõǿ߲ðͷķȥ
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彻֣ûһѹನŰأನɱһƬƬӡ
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ԶΪȫˣʱҲȻޱȣԶӴܡನԶԶǵٶҪ죬ǲִٵĵֲֵѪ²񷣬͵ıѣڷ
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ܶǿߣȻˡûһֵǵ۾𣿸߲ʵ˵ز
һҲҿ̫ԶԶվһԡ
ԼһԷ׻ƣҲȻޱȡɽʵ޶Ҫǿϼ֣ⲢҪģƿأͣں֮ĵزɽԿռ֮ƿأȴ£ϵ
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ҪǣͷʥѪˡҪʥѪʧ֮ǰܸɵԷǾˡ
һһսҪʤˣܳϣǰܣǡ
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ʩչǾֻһƾѡʱȴܱ߰˳ɾ裬ɽɫһ䣬г͵趯
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Ѳķ飬·ٴγѷ죬һϿȡ

㾡㵽Էӵеǵõȷʱ򣬻̲סһӵشϢܹ֮ͨʹΪ۾ҲܰѶԷʵһɡ
ԭľҪԷԷٽܵѹҪˡ
ܵͷʥѪʥѪԽԽ٣ʹͨʥѪҲܼ̫ˣ
һ֮Ҫǽ˶ԷǾ鷳ˣۿԷԸոյ໹ܼһӡ
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ҪǶԷƿپһӲƫƫɢԸӵе
ʿΣκε𣿡ɽȣ۱âȥ
²ңΣܿԷĹȴӵӲһߣһ顣
һɢѹһɽƬĴѿһƬ档ԭдеɽɨĹͺͺݲɽıһ棬еطΪƽء
ԶܿһĻļǿߣһĿѣǺε״½ô꣬ʲôʱĴսһսȻ¼ʷ֮С
򶷵ϯǧ֮Զ˱ľ𺳡Щ̲סڵĤݣǿġ
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ǽطΣ˵ʱһȭ˳ȥһǰȭӿãâӿųգ޵һ㡣
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˵꣬趯һɽĳɨǿϢ
ȻĵһƷ׳ҵĴײ
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ǣɽȵȴȲˡֱֱĶɽ棺ɱôˣѵ㲻ĥ𣿡
ߣﵽɽ־磬ȻΪ仰öġһҲԷԽˣԽȷԷȷʵʩչطʱ䲻ˣŻ뼤ŭԼ
۲ںٶ̣ɽ浭˵ֵס㹥һС



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ڵͿ۾ǰδеĴսһսؽʷڣ˭ֻʣһѻ˭徴
𺳣ĿֱֱĿŴ򶷵ķ򡣾ʲôܿѪȡ

ŭ𣬺ХѴݲ֮䶨Ȼʯ쾪ԽԽ£ϵҷ˦Ʈﲻѣɫ
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ԶԶһĻļǿߣһޱȣѪȣоȥ˴սһ֪ҪǸ΢һЩˣȴǵľǱನ
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ϢʱһСĿռڣԸıһսĽˡ
ŵǬһһ磡
һڰľж˳Ӱ趯ҷ衣
һƶ£ռȻСȫģԲ׵Ŀռ䣬ȫһ㣬粻ϵӶȥгһУȴͬһһ㣬һۿȥ俴ͷ͸ͷһޱ޼ʵ硣
һư£һ˲䶼֮Уȥѹøոɽӷ׭ϣһһ硣Ȼ㱬ͨȫ裬־軹䶯ݣռɫ䡣
оһϢ·һһ㣬ʵܵѹƣ˶ƲȥҪؿռһ㣡ѹֵĸо彩Ӳ
ӲһǣȻᡣ׼õľױƣһϡ
䡭
񱩵׵绮ĿĹ켣ϣϵ·˲䱬ѣ役һƬ֮ڿѪ
ڴڿѪ䣬Ľ׵磬Ǿͬʱ˹ȥŵǬʱѹ棬޷ֵеϡ
ʹԵ۾壬˿񱩵ϣҲֻžըͷѣѿһѷ졣ѪҺ͸
ͬҵĲһȫ±鲼ѷ졣
𣡡
˶Է壬ŭһĽ޺ۼûԷʶ֮УҪԷꡣ

汻ĽһʣҽһʶԶӴܡ
ȻŹָһ㣬Ӱ̤һ׭׵ϡʱ걻ճһɹɺ̣졣
ף
׵粻ϱ£һ׵£ԭ۾꣬ȻյֻаƴЦһץץС
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ѪҺĲû뵽ѪҺ֮УҲϵļ壬һɹɷİ֮д岻ͣ
ڱĴأˡһָ̣İž
ͻȻİעĿƵĿ򣺡ѵֳʤɣ
۾ôͷֳʤˣ
˭ʤ˭

жʣȴûһ˸ǰ
ʹǿıȽϽһЩǿߣͻȻžǰҲ̤㡣
ȻıȽϽûп֮ʲôֻһ޴ɫɽӣȻ󱬷졣֮ͱڵһƬž
˭ʤ˭ܣ
̲סֺ棬ľ֮սҪǲ֪ӹ¶Ҫķ
ԿļмʵߣҪһս˭ʤ
ǿڴһȫİ֮һ۾ɵľ޴𺳣עǰӰ
ʤˣ


709 Ԫ
ĴվһӰӰİΧĲϵ뵽֮УżžͷӡǲϵâӶͷֳУ꣬汻ѿʬ塣
۾󣬼ʹҲһɹɵϢɢѪҺӵļϢ
ԶԶǿ߿µʬ壬һ̲ס𣬲˼ĿһĻһˣΪ۾档
һƬţʬļˣϵĹˮʣеľâƲס
վԭأѪҺĲֹͣӿķģûУ壬ѪҺ֮ӿ壬ʱɢӨ׵ĹâͷϷðź⣬
ط׭һһͷϡƱ鲼ԭžĿռ䣬ͻȻһ׵绮ƿռ䡣ǵأ׵֮б鲼Ƶ׵ɢļµϢ
׹ûأ֮ѡԭڵڵ磬ʱٴαҫޱȡ׹̼˵۾
ף
ǿ߿ǰһĻɫɻ󣬴͵Ŀűƺ׵Ŀռ䡣ô£ѲɣҪײɣ
䡭䡭
ձŭչ׵ɨ죬һһ಻׵绯һƬ񱩵һһ˲Ͱ㸲С׵粻ըѿء
ʥѪĴѪȫѡȫѵͬʱؽ´١
Ϣ֮䣬׵Ͱ㳹׵ĸǣسȥ׵Ҳ׵ϣϹ׵綼У׵崩ϵķҲԽԽ࣬ѪҺӵľ¡
͵㼤㱻׵֮Уǵ㣬ͬϵһѤת
Ԫ壡
һռ͵ıѿԪӿռѷмû뵽֮УԪû뵽壬ͬشôƵģѪ֮ӿֵͷĹķӡϡ
ǣܿռӿֵԪ࣬ȴģͬһ޵׶ƵġѪ֮ԪıӿУַ˺Ȼ
ԪѪ֮ӿʱ򣬹ŶгһƷƷڴ֮ѰǶ䣬Ԫɢû뵽֮С
Ԫ壬һ׭ϳʮʮʮߵط׭ÿһط׭ĳ֣嶼ͻͽĽ
׵ɲϵ£˿һĻȴȻѡٻ׺ⲻһܵġ
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£׹񱩣׵˴գձɢܡ
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ǿ߿һĻһȻĵɴ۾׻Ĺ˵ӵִġǺպɾͲڴۡ
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ǣǵľû֮꣬䣬׵绯ڻûʧ׵ֻɽӣɽȣ׵繬㱼ӿȥ
ʷֲ׵磬ʹףԶԶȲϡɽӹѹ£Ϊ֮ϣһڿѪҺ³Ѫ˺Ȼ
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ŭһ״ӿ׵֮£ҲѪҺͬϼ׵֮
㵲סɽӹڣǵص׵ֳֻìͶۣ֮ľޣ׵۵ﲻϳ
㱻׵繥£ǿԽԽǿһ׭ϵ۶ɣ屻һ㡣
֮УԪǺģǺĻһΣͬ޴ת֮䣬еƣһϵһ
۵ԪȶŨԪϵĵӣڲ֪˶ԪһԪŴﵽԲںϵĻԪת֮䣬巢ž졣
֪ǲ˴֮֮־ԪһԪһؾԪӾأʹﵽԲ
ʱԪոհѾԪĵһԪβȻһԪģҪԶԶǿˡ
ܵԪŴԪôοɵԪҲҪԶԶǿˡ
Ѫ֮һ̰غ;ƷԪڵһԪ۳Ĺδﵽ֮㿪ʼ۳ڶ
Ѫܴ֮ﵽûдǲܴﵽܡͨ˵ﵽһԪͲˡǣ˵ԶԶġ
ͨѪܴﵽܣѾ߽ף붥ֻһ֮ңѪ;ǧƷһѵ˶Ҫǿ̫ࡣѪѵʱʵҲҪǿ
Ϲʱڣܶ໪ȻѪܴﵽܡǣѪ֮ǰҲͬΪģΪѪ֮ǰԽߣѪ֮ʵӿľ͸
Ȼֻеһԭ򣬻һԭǡѪ֮ǰʵԽǿ֮츳ԽߡǿҲԽǿͬȼɵԪԽԽŨ񡣶֮ô˵
ڻ壬ǿ춥֮ѪΪʱܵõĺôģ
㲻Щֻ֪ڷڵһһĹ۳Һ̬ʱڵһεΧʼ۵ڶԪ
ƷԪͬХӿһ㲻뵽ĵ֮У˿ֲԪֱšԶһԪܳܵġǣȴĳ
ڶ۶ɣϵĻʵʣɢһɹȵ
ԪϽ뵤ʵ䡣壬ͱĸǣѾʮط׭ط׭ϣɽӲľû뵽У״͹ŶϵһģһȻֻǹŶһֶѡʵ۳Ŷл
ѪҺѣԶеĿֲԭΪﵽԪࡣϾÿһԪ޴󡣶ԪҪԶԶǿˣһܹҪʮϰٱŹ
ǣǵ͹ʵµĻܴĺôڶԪ۳֮㵤ֿ֮ʼԪ
Ԫۣϵķĸ죬׵粻ϵĺ㣬ƷֻʱҲ׳ˡҪƷôܶ嶼Ȼף˵ȫǲƷ
ԶһĻߣĿ㡣׺Ȼֲ״Ǿ֮־ɻһɱ۾ˣôסײ˵ֲڵ۾˵Ե̫΢ˡ


710 
׵粻ϵӿ£ĵƷɫҲʢڵƷʢ֮οֲ׵׵ɡʱ۳ʮŵط׭
̺ύط׭鲼ȫɢɭĹʮļ¡
ص׵磬ʱŻ׵˼ԭ񱩵Ŀռٴλָž⣬ϼ䣬⻪ȥ
ڵΣתĪǺΧŹΣȻĸоп˿ɣʱʵ׵ɱԼ
ڵѪҺӨӨ⣬ѪҺ֮䣬Ŵһ㡣ʱѪҺÿһζ̺ſֲѪҺһ𣬴ѪҺһɹɷУϡ
ѪҺӼ׵Ĺͨأܺع
Ͼʮŵ׭ûУٴλָ˰𪣬ͷӡ֣һɹ϶Ȼ
޳һͷҷɢţ˿裬⣬֮ϣӵˣͷӡǣ˼졣
Ԫ壡
ܵȵԼʵʵҪХ
Žµʬ壬ֱһ뵽ͼ֮Уﵽ۾ѪҺǹط׭У֮
·һƬ棬һһսѣȻӵʥѪ֮ҪӵͨİһսľӵͨҲЩˡ
뵽ոյ۲ѡףԺԼֵزҪȻҲӵǣһսǳսǾ飬ǡ
͵۾֣ⲻһ˾ӵġ
һһ̤㵽ǧ֮⡣·ռֵ֮ɽХһױȡڵѪҲͬݷһͷޣʱܱ
һ̤Ŀ⿴򼸸ǿصĵطһĿȻƽһļǿȴëȻһ͵ıϲ¶һ˿ѺõϢŬļЦݣķͷʾ⡣
ǲ֪ʱʲôǸոնɱ۾ȷʵɵģƾ㣬ͲܲöԷľ
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һɽѿϿ֮Уֱ˦һѳﵴмѳĵ֮䣬Ҳ˦ֶ䵽˴˴˱Ȼ
ر֮ġ˴򶷵ನٵˣʲôû¡һ壬Ϊƽء
ǿ뿪֮Ҳ䵽ոմ򶷵ĴŽµһƬƬ棬һ겻ѣ𺳣þòգܸо˽֮
ǵ۾ױȣֲƻģ
뿪֮Ҳӿ뵽ģ಻֪೤ɽȴݻ٣屻ɱһա䣡𶯣ϢͬХһϯ½
һһ˸ϵۿսսķǽ壬һ޷ʵ
ʲôΪʯĴڣǴﵽ˵۾޵ǿߣǿڴ½Ѿˣһλڣȴҵɱˣҵ״ﵽε죿
ˣ
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ʦһ壬ͽҲһ壡ǣͽȴʤõĵ۾նɱˡ
ңڳһ˵ʮͣ
찡ʮ꣬ҲŸոմﵽѡ

ΪϢϯͬʱֳһ𶯵ϢϢ˵ĶݺݵĴһ¡˻屻ϢУһϢ
ĶǺ壬ʯʵﵽ۾ʦɱˣ
ϢɱϢͬʱΪϢ𵴡
Ǻ弸ʯǰȥ̽ʦĵףǲ׼ʦֻ֡ɢһϢöԷоӶ㡣㹻ʱ㡣
ǣû뵽ǡ屻ɳ۾һȫɱ
˵۾ɢһϢ֮󣬾ʹӴܣǱоԵİȫ룬֤ʦ𣬰߶ߡ
ǣʹˣ˶һӴܵ˵ġ
Ϊ۾ǿ϶ѾƵʦпܴﵽ۵ľ硣Ǳֵľ룬ҲȻﵽǱʵʹ۵İȫ롣ǣɱˡҪǣǴӴܵġ
ɱһ۾̫ѣҪɱˡǡ
ѵԽ˴֮ɣ
ԾһȻҪĳԽ˴֮Ǿˡ֣½ᰲˡ
ĴĹһʼѰڵĵ伮ҪǶԷĴﵽ־磬ûмءοԷֻǴ֮ҲȻҵһЩ˿
ϵѰǺĲ²⡣һϣ
ǣ֮Ϊ֮ĬҰԼĲ²˵ȥ
Ǹͱ𣿿ǣӶԷԸ񣬳ֵʽɢϢżϢãˣ
ҲͬǺһɹԷǡĵӣ֮зˡκһҵĵ伮ϣǣ겢ûյӡ
οһһ˾ġҵӣҲͬ
ǡǵ˭½ͻȻðһǿ
ã֮У⵽Ǻηǿߡ
Ǻ屻ɱ۾ʹǶĹ֮һʧ۲ѡ۾Ǻϵǿߡ
ڣǺ۾ɱǺ岻ܵһ߽Ǻʥ֮С
ǺӼʥһľѡˣûǰȥʥˡ
ϢನþòƽϢȻҲ˿ʼѰϡ֮ǰǺ֮Ϣʱ˶ʮֹŹ֡
һ֮ôɱ۾ɱ۾Ǿͱﵽ۾
ط٣ûһط˿Խ˶ླ磬뵽۾ǣǾһսʵʵı¶۾ʵ
˶⣬ɲطҪطĻ޵µġΪ˻֮干ʥ塣
ǣôг𣬶ָƵĴǶδ˵ط
ǣȥطȴûбĽ͡ûţһҹ֮䣬ӺͻȻ۾
ر֮ףǼšĵ۾ֻǶݴﵽǽطԵʡ
ȥעһ£ģǵãҪ
ȻǷѲҪ㣬ֲ̫壬ѵҶԱ


711 Ͼ
նȣߵˣһﳼ
ɱ˵۾Ŀ⿴㣬Ҫ㿴ʱͷӡǻڣӡɫЩãɻ
ţͷ뿪ϡ
ﵽ۾һ㿴ʹϣо˼顣һˣôںͳ
ΪʥѪԵʣûΣֱ˵˳֪Լ˵ƾӡǺͶʥѪʵԪϸúǸˡ
ʱʵǿ㣬Ԫ
ͷ˵ʥѪҴﵽԪ
ϳĬһ֮ǰҲź߽סǣʱȴԪȱ˵ﵽܶѡϾһ׵Ĺ̡ȴ̶ʱﵽܲ˵ԪﵽܣÿһԪ綼ҪĪŬһԪǧ࣡
ģɱ۾ԪⲻʥѪܰﵽġ϶Ի˽⣬µһֿܡȴţһ仰Ϊ֮£㱡
ΪѪѣ
ȴͺﶼЩȣ͵Ŀ㣬дŲ֮ɫĿƵĿͷӡǡѪѴʲô塣
Ѫǵ껪˺ʹ½ѪѪ֮ǿ󣡵ǣѪҲʥѪﵽ۾ҲѪոѣﵽԪһжˣǡ
һƽϢһͷ㻺˵ͷӡצ˵ھצӡǣѪԶ۶ɵģ
ͷ˵ͷ
϶ʱˣһԭˣѹֵܱңΣѹֵȡĵ嶼ᱻܡѹӵʥµӡԭԭ򣡡
൱ֻҪʥйصĶ㶼ĪơϴʱһĽֻ͡ɻǣҵʲôطѪҺ˾
ҵʥѪŨŨҲܱһ˰
οѪ֮ѾʧôõģһʣŻ屻Ѫ֮ʧˡ
ϾһʣȴûмȥЩܲʵֳ嶯Ҫǰȥһطʥе伮ٿһ顣
ԺǵðͷӡءЩ飬֪϶˵
֪
ţȻ֪ضãǶþǶãŬʵɡҪ˲²⵽ǽ춼Ҫͱˡǲŵġ
Ȼ֪㣬һ֪ܶѪѵ״𣿡
ҡҡͷô꣬ǴҶǵĲˡе伮أĹϵ飬Ҳ⡣ʹңҲżȻ伮ͷӡǣмֻɡ
һ±˶֪崦Ļǵ˻塣ôܻûٴγ֣ҪȷǻˡЩصϹﶼסְɱ
һָָŲʥҩԼһЩʺõģš϶˵
ֽӹ뵽ָУŲٵĶƷͣ㿴ϲѣӵ֮ȷʵܸԼܶô
ղغýָ󣬺ϴӻȡһƵ鱾ݸ˵ҵĵãúõĿӦöŰ
ллϣ
ҡҡͷȻΪӣȻḺΡԭ̵һЩġǣ߾ŵǬңΣĪɽͨЩ㻹δ֮ǰٽ̸ҲʡǾ͵ٳɳһЩٽ̵һЩֵľ
ϵĻ͵ľŵǬǾ˵϶ͨ
ͨÿһ
Ȼ˵岻̫ܲ²⵽ݡҪй伮мˣÿǶԺΪ˱ֻ˵Ŀⶼеϡϵ˵
׼ôʵ
ܼ򵥣𼸸壬ȻȻ˵ĿⶼϡֻʱϾ˼㡣һжҪԼСˡ˵ʱѾﵽܣһǿˣǵãҪǿܵǿߣܿǿȻ٣ȴûСرǹ壬ǿصĶࡣڹʱһҪС
Сףͷ
ţϴСģ
˵꣬ӰûռʧҲģҪݱ¶ȥ춼ҪͱƣҶñסʱҪȥɼƱġ𼸸壬ĿⶼϣԶ㣬̶ȵı㡣
ź뿪ҲһܵѪǻͬڡ
ʵҪҪȻһָԼĲ
Ȼ֮ǰҪѾĽݹ׷ɱҵȫɱˡдûǶԷ׷ɱԼӵ
ڣҲǸҫʱˡ
ﵽ֮ıǡҲˣԾĽݹˣһεľ⡣
ӰԶȥеûǵڴƷµСУɽš
һӿУҪ񡣵һ
ҾͲţһֱȥ㲻аӿɹ֮ԪҲʼӿ뵽С
֮ҲʼԪ㾪ǣԪű仯ı棬һϸСĺۼЩۼ֣Ĺճһͼ
ԪǷӿ뵽֮СһԪ£ͼ㿴ͼһ֣дʥ֡
һԪɲϵУʥֵ֡һѷ죬ѷʥֵĺۼ
ž
һ죬ѿһѡһֱκβ˵ʱѿˡ
֮󣬴лһƬƬҲ֪ʲôɵģɢŵ߲ʹâ׵
ְƬץУ´һȥоƬ֮⣬ֻͬһʥ֮֡ޱ״
ʲô
һ䣬ôóȻʶ
ȻףСĵھƷ£ұװţǼ򵥵Ķ
ţʱʱˣ֪ⶫʲô
Щˣ뵱ڵʱ򣬾Ҫ뵽ⶫϼʶ㣬˵ʶⶫ
һеųȥ뵽֮ǰ˵Ļⲻ֪Ǹ嵹ùˡ
ɱɣЩҲûкøУմȾ̫໪ѪҺˡûΪǱ𣬵ǲ
룬ΪһԱҪǸ㹻ʵ¶̲סȫ


712 
ʦͽɱ֮У۷׷ףΪˡɱ¾ͻȻɱ¾ͻȻߣгľǹͺϵۡ
ϣǵĲ²ⲻϡΪ鸽壬ΪӵпطһΪϹޣЩ²Ȼʵģǵ
һЩӽʵ㺧ȻǷһЩ伮ҵ𰸡
̾ʵ͵ʱٴαһ£ԭûϨٴһȻѣ𺳡
찡ʲôѵҪ춼ͱƲɣ
һ屻ˣʹܶɱǿһ
찡ʲôˣҪްɣ
ʲôݣɱ壬ɱ۾

˵ľ̾û꣬ɱһִ֮һ屻𡣶̶첻ʱ䣬屻˾ǲ²᲻е屻𡣺ܿ죬ǵĲ²͵õ֤ʵҲ
Ϣ˶Ϊ֮𶯣һλʲôѵҪĹ嶼ⲻɣ
ںϵʵܶ˳˾Ǿܹôǿжֻһбǿ˲šںϵɱ¾£еĹ嶼Ļ̻̣ǵһľǡ
˰ԵŵǿߣǸûеֵ֮ǣٵĹǰȥǺ壬Ǻ֡
ǺʥҲ˱𶯣һǺʥɳǿŵˣ
ǺʥžԵģǺжĴڣһʥĵط˭Ҳ֪ǿֻϹʱΧɱʱ֣һγ־أ
ܣһܵشǣǶԸʲôˣǵ干Ļ壡һǿƣأ۾٣ͨɼȥΧɱһ壬Ҫûмֵôң
һսȻʧ޴󣬵ǻվˣҲ˵Ǻʥǿ
һʥֶԸԷȻҪϾ˲ɣ
ǣʥδԺϳ֣һŵĻȴٴ
Ǻʥϼһͷڹ𣿱ɱǷô塣ǾȻƨҷţԽԽȥˣҪǣȥˡ
ƵĻ˶šʥδ鷳Ϳʼаʥˣѵ޿֣ʥˣ
˲⣬еɻδ⣬ŵǺʥϼһ۵ǣҪ뱨һұۣӭĸλܱǸĸǡɻţʧˡ
һ仰ɻ󣬵ͬһЩ˺Ȼ
۵ǣǲûϵҪѪɱһɱµĹӹ塣ϵĻգϹʱһЩҲڳ塣ͷǱǰܻˡ
вԭĵĹٴ˼Ȼη塣ʥȻа壬𼸸壬˵ʲô
˵ʲôΪ޿ֺţ
ƺ֪ʲôƵģΪ˰ĿⶼеϣȻȵźؿ񣡡
ؿ񣡡
֣졣һЩЩû̱ڵϣôܻţôģ
ֻǸ棬Ǻ壬Ҳ𶯡ͬħһѹǴˡû˱ǸϤˡ
ΪˣǺҲǰˡһʥ֮еǿߡǣЩǿȴһûлϢ˵С
ˣں֮ǰһĴ˵ʤţеĴ۲ˣ
Ǻεڻ屻֮󣬴ۼ䣡˾ηˣе飡߸ϲһϼ˴۵Ĵˣ
ǣΨһ⣡ȴľۣɱˣҲΪ⣬˸ϹһơŰŪ
û뵽ǣȻţ
޷󣬺ؿΪŵһˣ֪ǰʹﵽ˴۾磡ûͻƵۣûֻ֪֪ΪٵʥʮǿߣЩǿ֮в
дԣ֮ͨȻԲ֪治ʵƶԷһһˣȥѾˣҲû˵κ顣ֻҪᵽһŻ˾ͻȫ¶֣ƢꡣڵҲѯʡ
ˣûжãˣ
ؿһ˵һȻ䣡й嶼ܵˣѹҽаʥǺؿĻʱ
ǽŵһ˰оû뵽ʦȻѹ˵˵㲻ֻĵӡ
ʵȫ˵仰
ȻԳƱۣǺܶ˶Ըţͻ˴ۣһµĲΡϾЩȻǴ۵ĳƺšѾﵽһֲΡ
ﵽһֲΣ֪ġ֪ͻƣ˾ֻ֮ǰʵƺš
ȻԱ֮ԭڵǺ壬ͻȻûһ˸˵ʥȻնɱԷˡ
ֻǺ壬ҲĬ쳣ĵ͵ŵĹ壬ʱȴͬèһ˳
û뵽ϾȻƣԭɱ¾ͻȻĺϽһ١ҫĹʱҲ͵ĺܡףϵ׶ôǿһͷ
ȻҲԱȫΪҪȻԺϵʵҪĻĺôģ룬ɱ˵ʱ򣬾ͷԣ֪˭ɱġ
ֵ͵ֱд˵뿪ǰŽĿʼʧ
ǣںϵĴ˵ȴϡһ¼˳Ŀѣޱȣ֪ϵŶƣҲ֪ŵһ˵ĳƺš
ֻǣܺǣǲͻ˴۾硣
ǣҲģһȻֳɣһΪﵽˣҪȻôǿֵزһȴΪûдﵽϾͨʲô磿ǴųˣʩչͨΪΣ磬ɺΪʯɽͨʩչ״ﵽģ
ɸ㼺ΪĴɱ¾͵ֵΪⷴĿΪġ
ȻûйĹע⡣˼һ֮ûеõ𰸡Ҳ̽ѰŹϢò˼ģںϵ飬ѵõĴﵽһ£ΪⱣֳĬʥɱ˺ϵˣǽ͡
ֻȴףⰲ֮£ӿ˿ɣƺϵĹ壬ʱڼƻŷˡ
ȻЩģҲ֪ԼʵﲻʲôֻܿϵģϿ϶Ҳܲ²⵽㣬ܰźáοʱѡ
֮ѰžĽݹˣֻãҲˣ㻳ɣǲˡ



713 ɱ
ˣô죿˵壬ɱΪ۾档ȻҲţȴķзֲǣһʦĸ塣Ϊǽŵһ˺صۣȻ֪ǲĺصۣǿȴɲáЩ΢ĩʵ˼һָɱǡ
뿪𣿡ֵĴüͷ˵
ҲȻĲţȻ֪ǲ塣޷粻ˣ㲻ģ϶Ҳһɱ¾ѾܶԸġ
ɫ׷ɱǳءһ֮ãһ²ϵѰ㣬֪ӳȥˡָһɱϢǲͲǸǳˣܻȴûа취
ȻͬȻ֪׷ɱ·ŵꡣȴɳôһƱʱϢʱ򣬼ֱˡǲˣ
ֱ˶ȷǸġ֮ϴžҪģԼЩ˲һָͷɱ
ˣҪҪؾ壿һСʵĺˡԷһ嶼ʲôֻлص壬ǲŸоȫ
һ漴ҡҡͷܸоʵҲ֮Ŷ̶̼֮ѵܱǵ۾ǿʣ
˳ĬҲ˵Լȴΰʾ˵ԼлŸϽص壬Űȫ
İɣﵽ۾ҲҲǡôǲָҵʱؾҲý͡ȿʲôҪĴﵽ־磬취ȥҪûдﵽֻԶﴫǾҵնɱˡ˵
Լдô˵ҲϾĸϵҪǾŻȥڵ˶ҪЦǡʱǶϿ쳣أԷﵽ۾Ҳҵǡ
ȴڴ˴ҲҲ
һ߶žƥո˵꣬һ˭ǣҲ
Ϥɫ䣬տȥֻԶ̤һˣÿ̤֮䣬̤Զľ룬·漴ûռ䲻
㣡
ǰ޳һͷ裬ȻյꡣһڣкȻѡɫһٱ䣬˲ϢĲҰס
ܿվգڿռ㣬ɫҲ䣬ܿʱѾǵǸ޵ˡ
ҵģҲЩȻ˵Լɱҥԡǿվǰ̲ס˫ȷ
ҪɱһˣӵĺҲãȻ˵ɫʮһµһģ
˵仰о̫泩ˣԭûװװôˬһ̣ԼԼˡȻ㲻ԸϣҵȫһżȻ
Ҳһ񣬵һϿǱ˵ľ֮󣬾Ͱס˸ϳȥѰǵʱľ߲ѡѯһ£ȻԱһ¾ˣȷһŵ˾ǾһȺˡ
Ѿģصʱôţǵùд
Ȼ֪ǸһЩ΢˾Ȼᱩ¶٣ǿǸͲһ¡
Ȼһ仰ȴŵ˾ˣطҵѵ֮ͨܲɡһɰĿתܡ
Ȼо֣ǿѹסеľֱֱ֣ĶߵҵΣ
ΣĴЦĿ⿴žܣ׷ɱ׷ɱĺˬҲҪèϷϷ
ƾ㣿ǿԴĿƵĶ㣬֮ɫ㻹治Ϸ
ȻΪ治ϷӵôʲôΪʲôֶҵ㶢ŶԷ˵ҪҽǣԼԲã
ϷͲţǰ޵㣬壬ɱ۾ҧ˵ҾҪ˿ֻһҥԶѡ
ŽңֻѡԼΪܣһɱ
Ʊӿѹȥֲ𶯲񷣬ʮ־ˣ߿̲סɫ䡣ĵܹ治ܱģʹΪ춥壬ʹҲ֮
ԭأһɶԷƸǣ˿ѹȵķ費ϡ
Ҫ
ȫȫӿû֣ȣءԪ޴ĿֱֱԴȥܵٶȺ֮죬˲Ϣ͵ǰԪĿҪϡ
žҪϵĿЦһǴűģֱָһ
һԪѣһֻһ·ߡǴʱȴֵһˡ
㻰£ָõڿϣѡһ֮䣬ָҲ䵽ϣֱ۱һѪ͵Ӵܳȥ
ⲻܣѪȻĿ㣬¶֡
ûʲôܵģ㵭˵һԪУѾ׷֮·ˡ
ʱѾﵽԪԪҪԶԶǿͨԪһԪУûκв
㿴žܵ˵Ľݹ˶ȥˣһȫʬ
ﲻ֪ʲô⣬Ǳ׷ɱ·ʱӵʵ̵ס
ĿĶߣ㲻˵ӦúǲҵĶ֣ʶȤ͸ģܲҪĥ
Σŭгֱ͵ļ㡣ȻĽݹûʲôøУҲв˵еıɨ֮䣬һۣ֮صƿأֱĿڡ
ڤ粻飡һָ㶯Ԫͬ׵׵񱩣ڶԷıϣ˲䱻ķ飬ֱ۱ճɽ̿
һֱۣһξˡ㶢žܡ
ܵĲҽ֮һȻѪɫԶȥǿǵжһǻʲô
뵽ɱϢһľ
һӴܶߵߣҲû׷ָ㶯һ׵粻ϵı׵ϣǰļ߱ɽ̿ɢŴ̱ǵĽζ
վס˭ٸһĸҡ
һ仰ԭӴܵ͵ֹ
ûпǣĿ⿴һֱ۵ĴܣڿԸ˰ɣ
ҧĶ㣬Ҳ˵
֪
һеӿϣΪܵʬУ׵պ
߱ڣһȫʬҪȻǵĴܾǵİ
˵仰ʱֱֱĶžߣŶԷǿߡһĻþǿѪɫ


714 Ǵ
һųǣųǳǽŲɣУǳؽʿųǡʿųǲ֪˶꣬ʿڣųǾͳˡʿΪһȻʿųҲˮǴߣΪһʥء
ҲΪʿ׳ԹųһֱѾޱˣʮ׳
ʿųΪʿܲʿеʥ򣬵ʿĴ𾴣
ʱų֮⣬Ӿ˵Ŀе֪Ľݹ˲ųС
õϢǻǻҵط˴ˡǣǶڹųУͲԼŹǡ׷ɱԼܵһһ
ų֮УųʮַϢųܵѰĶЩ̾Ȼ׵ҵ
ʿȷʵе̣̾һųǳȥ
ʿųǺܴҪҳĽݹˣҲͬ롣˲ˣȴû˵Ľݹںδ
ص湻ģֹһ㵹û̫⡣ϾԷӪŴܡܲߵ˲ĿġһԷ¶ŵġ
׼ҸطסȡһЩӹѹıټһЩ˰ѶԷʱȴǰһзվȺ̽ͷ̽Եһߴĸʾƿȥ
ô˿ʾƣҲ̽ͷ˹ȥ
ʿᷢϹŹʿķĹټ֮ϵʿǰĹѨ
ϵϢҲ˼־뵽ڻĿռõĹʿĹһŹոڡҲ֪Ǻǻ
ʿԹƣų޷һϹŹʿĹѨͬ֡ѹҪҰ֮ϵʿǿˡ
ϹŹʿһϹŹͻһλǿཻĪ棬ҲΪ⣬Ϲʥ崫˹ԹΪʺϹʡһ׵ùķչµĹ
ǰҲ˵ˣλǿߣ֮ʣǰһѧ͹ʥŮĶӡ֮屻۷壬ʿ󣬲κһϵ
ţϹŹʿлϢʥŮĶӣҲӵʵֻŵĻ嶥ǿһʧ˵
˵ۣҲȥʿķĹߡڻ嵱¼Ǻ棬Ҳ뿴ӺͻߵļϹŹʿϣܲҵһЩ˿
㿴һ±ص֮󣬾ǸλøϹȥ
ûеɽ˺ֻЩ˵ʵ֮󣬲ŻȻҲҪʵҪʿ
ʿͲ࣬ʵҪﵽҺʿųǣҪȻڱĵطųȥҵһͺܲˣ
߽ȥдҶָֻ֡ոд꣬άֳǰ㺰λӣﱨҪҪʵܲչ¶һʵ
û㵣û뵽Լɡ
ңֻǹأ˵Ŀȴ˿ûס¶Ļɡ
Էˣ΢΢ЦЦ˵Ҳգ˭ñӢǲҲ
˵仰һȺ˵˭ɶһҲԡ
һ仰ŭĿӣǰһЩˣҲתͷĿ⿴㣬ð꣬Ȼôǿﵽ˺춥塣Ȼ˼һϣʿĲɣ
ôңЦеĿŶԷ
Ǿ̹ӴУŭ㣬ҲˡûмǵģԷС첲Сȡ־ܰ۶ϣ
׼ֵʱͻȻ˵ţ
ĻЦôˣˣҲƽϣҪǰ֮ʿ͵Ǹ뿪ƽϡ
Ц˵㶯ֲǡҲûʲô˼
˵꣬гһ˫ӣﶯ֮䣬ɢļµϢ
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˺ȻԲ۾еĸ߽̰֮ɫʹǼͬĿȡ
Ҫ𣿡ЦеĿ˵ɣսһҪˣ㡣ҪҰˣһæΣ
˵˵
Ҳ̫ѵ飬ʿᷢһ񣬰һȺ˶ѡ˭ܰҵ߽ЦеĿһ
ԣҲûͻش
ԷĻЦãһϣһ
ѵøˣԭηˣû뵽ЩԸæ
Ըһ˾㹻ˡվ˵
ɨһۣϵƵǲﵽ˰н׵ʵǣڴʱ˵ȴˡ̾һֱֱϳһ׵硣
׵粢ֻһϸ߰СٶҲ죬ûдһ˿һϢ

׵磬ЦСǲ̫ˣһ׵Ҳˣ
ѵҲȥʿĹѨˮ㡣ʵûȥˡ

ΨûмЦһǸʵﵽǿߡߵԭҲû⣬ǿ㼤һϸ΢׵磬ɫȴ䡣
ߣˣ
Ļˡ׵粢죬Էٶȴܿͺ׵˾롣
ԷӴܣ뻹Ҫ˼¡ҲøϾɱָһ㣬һ׵С
߼һ΢׵ʧգ΢΢һ㶡߲ѣϴô£ôԼˣԼ붼û룬͸Ͻ˺
ģҪЦˡԼȻһɱ綼ܴɢ׵ˣ
׼һӣǰ׼֡
һǰ߾һƣŭһȥҪۡ
ϴҡһƳˣĿԼϴ
ŭһۣɫ˵Ÿʲôһȥ
ż󣬾кǲʣҲֻܹԹԵվһԡ
һĻҲĿͬܲ⡣һԻ̳ǽôΪһ˶Լ³ˡһȵĲ飬⿴ߺ׵Ŀֲ֪
˲Уߵǰ񣺡ӣˣ빫Ӵ˴ҪǼƽϡ
ɨһо죬û뵽ôãȻܿʵ
ҡҡͷЦ޷Լɣ
Ͻ˵Ȼȥ񣬰չӸո˵
һ仰һв֪ԼϴǲԴˮˡǣϴŭУڻǰȥˡ
еĸ߽ݸ˵ţ˭ҵͰѶǡ
ããϽ˵Ϊǵҡ
ţҲȱЩû棬˲ҡݸŸϽ
תߣϽ㣺ߣ
ӰʧһһѶͷ麹̲סһôﱨҪȥֱȥԺ
ϴߴһ㣬һһ̲סʵϴΪʲô
Էû˵꣬͵ۺȵǶʲôһ׵磬Ȼ綼ܴɢȴܺϣǣԪҪҴʱոܸ֪Ԫ׶༪١
Ԫһ㶵Ŀ
ûûв´ԷӦǴܣ
һ仰еͣһ̲סð麹ȻĿſڡ


715 
Ȼ֪һȺ𺳣Ҳ֪߼Ա˵ջж񷢳ͺܶµĽݹˡ
֮ʿټʿҲ֮Сбʿϵʿһ⣬ڹ֮վŽӽ˵ʿ
һٸڰʿһãʿǿվһλÿ򹬵ĸ̨һһȺˡ
λǶĽʿʵаޣк죬д̨ܱϵһ߳˵˴ʿᷢһ޴ĹѨϹŹʿĹѨϹŹʿԹаҪĹѨУҪ׵硣ҲʿټǵԭϣǰæĹѨʿᶨнλ
仰۾һʿһȻóĶܲС˵óһϵĵ˯ŶЦ
޹زɷԲϷͳһ±ʿȥʿ᱾ʿһһʿܲһɢɳ¹أҳһ죬ҶΣ
һ仰ò˶üͷΪϵʿǺպһǶԱָֻšǴ˿ȴҪ˵ģܽܵˣ
ʿȻ뵽㣬վǺǵЦλԭһ£ϾǰϹŹʿĹѨϵشܳϣжõͳһ滮ĹǿΪǿ쵼ǣܽܵ˰ɡ
һ仰վ˵ԵĻ
ǺǣҪǶԷûĻǴҾ˭ǵأʿ߶һ˵
˵仰ڸ̨ϻ߳ˣվˡ˾ڣֵܣôҲˣ
˾Ŀˣ˲ϤڹųҲԺˡһֵܣȫﵽܡĻԻͣùųǵ˽ֵȫԼûмʿᡣû뵽ֵܾȻҲǰμˡϹŹʿĹѨջ
ֵ֣ܳԭҪʿˡ
ֵΪ׵ĳϰ˺λҪǶʱûĻȷɡ
˵꣬ĿɨһʿÿһĿⱻɨʿȵĵͷҺӡ
ĵͷŴܶеƣһʿɨȥһʿܿ񣬳С
Ŀɨ˶òͷǳֵһ̣Ǿ֪λҪڳֵܵˡֻǣֵ°Ե죬һ¡
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ԭΪĿɨ˶ҪС˾ȵǣһȴûһ˿仯ڳѹ֮ƺʯ󺣣һû
ޱĿŶԷޱϲ޳վȻûбһϢǴͦεУ˶оİȻɰȻɢģ·͸һȡ
ִҡҡͷò˼飬һôִС
Ȼ֪ⲻǴСѪѵһ̿ʼѪĸ߹Ӱơʹⱬǻ˸оȻ
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˵һܣѪѹ㣬Ҳ㳼ѪҺûܱȵʥѪ֪ѪһͱǱĬС
Ҳɻû뵽һȻޱɫĳѹƲӡ
ʵϵӣκβ㣬ɷƵĿŶԷ
Щ糺ˣԼһܣҪһ궼ˣʲôǵ죿
뵽⣬ٴһǣѹȥ
ѹµƻʵһ㣬ѹȵճֻΣ˴͵Ŀ治ɫ㡣о˼飡
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ڳƲӵʱһ䵭˳˲ѹµƺķ顣
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Ҳ·һЦƵģЦëͷСӣôĿ뿴кʵɣ
춢㣬Ȼ벻ͨΪʲôƲѹ㳼ȴԼһԹԵˣ˭죬ʿĹѨܵõĺôʾԽ
ʶ㿴ų죬¾ڣ춼ˡ
ЦҪʵΣ
㿴һ۳죬漴˵ͷܵȷʵûУҲգΪҪЩӳ档
˵꣬䵽ǰ˵ˣĸҲҪˡ
ôĿŭЦ벻Ȼô󵨣ԼӡԼʲô
Ҫǲܳ־ǣͬʱ֡㿴ų˵ҪףֺˣҪǸҲӣӲɱˡ
ҪܰңΣŭѵԼΪ̫͵ˡһʮ궼ˡ
룡ڳ컹ǺܿģϾ˼ҪΪԼˡ
˿Ȼս죬һ
һо԰㣡һָ㵭˵Ժ̫񣬴Էϸ֮Ҳ١
⻰Ҳ˵ġ
ıɷƵ⳹׵ļŭ˳죬̲סһȥһ£նᣬڿռֻʣһƣһǣ֮ѹѹĿռݣһƬǡ
ܵ
˿ѣһкȻηѡ
ȻҲĿƵĿ㡣ȻвΪܿ죬ɻڴܿסһС
һƺµľƣЦЦҲ˵һͬ˳ȥͶԷɢƵľƲͬǣһȴģһ˿棬ĺʹܵľƺһ
ԭΪ㶨Ȼˣ˴۾ǣһƺľϣԪľƣȻ˱ѿһ޴ĿռڶռڶеľС
ҲǴܣ쾪ȵĿ㣬дŲ֮ɫ޷꣬ȻҲ߳һ
⣿ЦеĿų˵аɡЩӣҪˡ
оȣϵŭȴʢѹսңפˡոֻѣ͸㣬ҲǷֲεģﵽԪʰ㹻ˡ
ԪЦ˵ӵƷ˲١
ߣһ׵ոֻǣ֮ǣ˿׼֡ȻԷҲǴܣǾһ׵ζ
ӣҲҪˡ춢㣬ɫ׵񱩵ӿ



716 ΰ
һ׵ֲ׵籩֮£һ޴˺֮ΰ֮䣬ԪעУǱ֮һʿĵˣļµǺȻ
׵˺ѳһ޴ѷ졣죬Ϊ׶תֲ̳
һ̣ڱԪʵ
㿴ЦʵǺܱǸҲԪܡ
㻰£ϱӿһɹ׵磬׵绯һ񽣣ڲϢ˺ѿռͳ챬ײһ
˲˼ǳȻ޵ֵ֮һķ飬ĥ
͵Ŀ㣬дźȻ֮ɫֲֻ̫ʵ˿ƿ
ôҪ𣿡ųЦе˵ζԼʵԪ֮ĲСԪľȺŨȣԪҲ١
춢㣬ͻȻʵ˭ʵֻʮꡣظפɡ
㲻ɷãų˵ⲻص㣬֪ǣ㻹Ҫսȥӣѡһ
ȻսȥվͿ֮׵Ŀֲ춢ŭȵ
϶ģһ֣֪ﵽԪ컹ǷΣԼֵܺһ֡
һĻȴ˶͵Ŀ㣬̫ţˣȻĸͬʱ֣
ѹֵܺ˵꣬һ׵ͱ׵罻УһۼۼԹĻȲơ
ĸܵʵεȿֲһ׵籬ӿǣأӿ֮ͬΪֵܣͨ׵罻֮䣬һ㸲Ƕ¡
ʮֲֿÿһ˿Ԫ׵ɵġ֮䣬ɢļ֮ʹʿǸߣΪ֮ɫ䡣
ڳֵܵĴ˵Ҳ˵ڵ£ֵͬȼµȡҪǺϻֶΣȴҪϵȡ˱ɴ󣬾Ԫ֮Ҳ֮ܵ
뵽⣬ʿ߲ɰĿ⿴㣬Ԥϡʵǿ˵ҪҪܽʿĹѨ϶ܸʿʿ߾ôҪӪСԲóˣ
ʿᰵʵȴΣյʱ
㿴ͷ̲׵磬Ǵһ˿Ц⣺ڱ˵ȷʵһ鷳Ƕ˵ȴ㲻ʲô
˵仰Цвϵĵ㶯һԪָ֮һԪ֮͵ճһ֮ס
Ʒףأ֣
ĺ£Ƶ׵ӿֲֳתĪƣʱΪ֮á׵٣֮ĻΪ֮Ȼ
صѹ˺ȻѣʿҲԲ۾㱬ӿĽ׵硣
췣췣
о˼飬˵ʩչǣȴû˵˭ڴ췣֮췣ֻ֮ʿʱġôǣ
ƣ
һ˺Ȼ췣֮ɵ׵ϡ
췣֮εȿֲԶԶ۵׵ܱ֮ģһĴݻɵĴ˱ɫҰףĺˡ̤һӣ
㲢ûгֹǣĿת쵭˵׵磬ǲҵĶ֣һЩƤëѣ
Ȼ˵ЩšƷȻƤëǣ㵱ʱеŰʮһءʱյĲŶʮһأе㲻˵Լװ£һǳֵܱġ
һ仰ȴ¶֣췣ֻƤëʲôľ裿
ӣѡ񣡡˵
ʿ߼Ȼɱģɫһǰ˵Ǻǣλӣдѣõô𣿡
㿴ʿһۣҡҡͷЦȻ£ҪܵͷȻԼ׿˵˰ӣǾ͵
ʿüδ˵ʲôȴͻȻ˵ӲǲԣӦһΣ
˵㿴ų˵дӦͲӦȨҴ𲻴Ӧı䲻ӡ
һ˵ֵҲǺ۸ģȻȲ㡣ҪսһЩҲ
㲻ɷãų쵭˵˵ɡ
ѧ
һ仰˵ֵ꣬ܶȵĶ㣬ֳоȫ泩ǵͬ˴ҩ˿һȫľɫŮƵġ
ĿһǿеĶģ˵Ϊʲô
쿴ҲΣߣУһطһλϹŴطҪҪӵֵʵܱǣﵽ棬Ҳǲܣ
طоȣһۡΪʲôֵûмκԼܲˡ
˵ԣֻҪӲǡ
һ仰ϲ
ô꣬һֱѰסֶֻطĹЧû뵽Ըˡ
ȻӣʵҲ˲ôࡣһ쳬ѧԷκεΪ˽봫棬Ϊһ˵ǲ踺ء
˿ųֵܹɵվһ۾˲ŵĲ۾
찡ôӣûпɣ
С̫ˣôӰǹĻӣҲһ˴
ģҪһӣҲԸˡ

һĿƵĿ㣬Ľͳݡ
ʹʿߣҲ͵ĿһĻҲû뵽ĸĳһˣȻӡ
ʿҡͷ֮䣬ͻȻʿʵܷ֪һ飡
һ㶣漴Щֵͷ˵
˵ʿһλԪϽΰ֪ǲǣ
ô֪Ԫϣ߾ȵĿ㣬ԪʿԪ͵һˣ˵ô˵
飬֪ʿȷʵˡô˸ϢûдˣĽݹˣͲڽԪϵıԺ֮С
֪ܷ°һæߡ
˵ȻҲפȴҲߣֻܼ㹫ˡ
Ҵһ仰ԪϣЩֻ鷳ǲҪߵ̫ĺá˵ţ˶˵ҪǽԪϲȰ˵ȥݷ˼ҡ
㻰ľ˼дŵвˡ
ЩˣϾһвԪǴ򹫻߲䲻ȵĴһתԪϵģԪԼԭ򡣡
ЦЦҲ˵ʲô


717 ɱ뱣
ҹʿų֮УһӰźۣڹų֮дٶȿ磬Ҫ̧ͷĻȻֻῴһӰһֻԼۻˡ
һĺӰһ¥һ¥ȻΰȴĺݻſŴ޴ʨӡ
㿴¥Ŀ⿴дżĽݹˣס¥档ǸжȻɱҪɱĽݹˡȻҲѶȵġĽݹܺͽΰཻǳҪɱǱضҪͽΰ֡ʿųУʿĴìܣǻڰ
նڸ¥֮ϡֱֱĶ棬ûа취ƿΰ
ܲǱȥĽһȺ˸ɱˡ룬Լңεٶȣǿһԣֻǲ֪ΰ׶ǿ
˸֮ϣӰȫϢŸ¥˽ȥ
¥濴󣬵ǽȥ֮ȴֿռ䲻СȻĿռҪǶĻȻҳĽݹˡǣҲȻöԷ֡
סڸ¥д壬еĺãڵʱڷ˼Ľݹˡ
Сţ뷿֮Уո̤ȥҲſϸ΢ѣһ˭
仰ɫ䡣֪ȻᾪˣҲ˲ôࡣָ㶯һ˳ȥ֮ⷿеǿߣֵסıѵĸҪվˣͱĵ˴ϡ
һȺֵ֪֮ϯ޹˼ɣҳڴ屬ӿֱĽݹڵλá񱩶ֲͨռ䣬ĺĽݹϡεȿֲ͸ռ䣬Ľݹϣ⼸屬ѿڷ
ɱ֮㱬ӿֺһҪ˻ɱһЩˡ
ס֣
һŭ͵ı𣬿ֲϯ㹥Ľݹ
İѸ¥ķ飬һʿԪϷվĶ棬ĽݹҲӽҪݵĸ¥˽ΰǴ͵Ŀǰź۵ӣԼһȺ֮ʮ̲סȻ
Ҷΰǰ۰ӣ֮ɫûлɱˣͻԪϸǸꡣû뵽Ȼô󵨣ȻԼĵ¡
Էܲ²⵽ݣһ㶼ȡϾԼñ˴ǣⲻԼϡ
㿴ΰĽݹˣǶҪ
Ľݹܶ㣬ɫͬÿ벻ԼʿųǣԷ׷ɱǣҵˣ
ĽݹûпҲûлҶ㣬ֻǹˣϾʱ̫ˣɱһ壬۾֡ҪǳֵĻõ
뵽ǸĿֲѾʦĺպǾ̲סĺ֪Է˵ĻǶǰ׷ɱ㡣ʱҲֻܵʿ
ʿȻӻǣҵǣĽݹλܺͽΰЩ飬ŵס
Ľݹ룬ܺʿԪϴϹϵܲɱɡû뵽ûס죬Էɱ˹ʱֻΰܵסǰӡ
ΰĽݹ˵ǰҵˣҲ͵ҵʿΪĶ֮һҲ˵ȵҡ
Щ쵰ǵҵˣ
ΰĽݹˣɫЩѺˡĽݹʱͲ²⵽Է鷳ǣ֣öԷӻ
ôҲû뵽ԷȻֵزȻϵҵˣⲻǻʲô
֣ҡ
Ľݹܼΰһ¶ԷҲԼԼӲˡ
ΰĽݹŵɫҰף̾һ˵ҲգվͰһΣյ֡
仰ΰһԼǱסˡϾʿᣬǰվŵĺǹҲֻš
ΰĽݹԼϣۿŽΰ˵»ǲҪܵĺã˵ĺҾҵˣĽݹҪɱ˭סǡ
Ҫɱΰһû뵽Ľݹô󵨣ҵҲܶģǵʿҪ˭ҶʿỹƴŹ֡
ΰףĽݹһ鷳ٹ
ǺʲôԹʱ͡ʲôԹǳȥ˵ΰҲԸʾȻǿʿᣬǻǵҵġ
ЦЦѵסʮ꣬ʮͲ鷳ˣǻİȣ
ΰ˵ǿ϶Ϸסʮ꣡ΣʿҲҡִҪµĻʿ¾ǡ
ΪʿĻ᳤˵ɡţʿΪ˼˺ԡ㶢ŽΰһһұɱȲǡ
ΰҲŭˣôҲʿĵ̡ҪɱԼˣǳ롣
ϷҪɱǣΰƱӿֲϯռ䣬Ԫһɹɷ
ϷΪԪҪס˻ǲڻµġ
ӽΰƵһ̣Ҳһ£û뵽Էʵ֮ǿﵽԪŨ񾫴ûԪһСġԷԼ磬ҲԼѪ֮ﵽԪҪǿ١սֵô
οĽݹҲԱ߻ҪԼͽΰһսսմ϶侮ʯ
һԪʵҪƽȻ¡Ҫһ͵ϮĻһŶʱըˡ
Ȼоͽΰ򶷣ĻĽݹܣҲϹʿϳ֪жǿߡҪǸϹ˫ȭѵ֡
ΰƺҲ֪Լƣ˵߰ɣ˵ķϣҲƽϡԺҲܣǴʱʿųǣҾ͵ûסǡ
ҪִҪɱأ˵
ǾͿܹܲһˣΰ㡣
Ҳ˵Ʊӿƽطƣֲư˯е߸ѣһ̧ͷ˵ķ򿴹ȥԭڵϣܿһĺƣѹһҪһжƵġ
λڷŭÿֲ
оΰʱ㱬ӿƣҲɫ˱䡣ǰĺˣƲ١ҲóԷʵ١
ߣϧʿᣬҪһɱǣͻǰ鿴ʲô¡ʱûᡣΰ㡣
һӣ۾ǿȴʾ˵㹻ɱˡ
˵仰ʱƳƽΰķϯӿҪɱˣ㵲ס



718 ǿ
һˮӽΰˮ䣬ˮת̶ȥˮ˺ѿռ䣬һɲۣۻˮ뵽ˮ֮У񱩿ֲ
Ҫɱˣ㻹񣡡ΰ㣬һˮָӶ֮䣬ˮͬӿĽӣЯ֮˷ϯȥ
ˮ̺֮ˮˮмһֺܵĿռʱȻѹȥҪųĹˮˣڵ
ԭأȭͷɨȭɨԪӵ֮ӿһѳ£鵶ˮ
ˮ಻ٵѵƿ𣿳鵶ˮˮŻû˵
ΰ㣬дżЦˮеˮѾǧ֮ࡣˮ㲻һףһ˲Ҫ䴩
һҪ
ĺ£һݺݵĿһб⻯Բϯ粨Щˮ
ڹˮϣİˮأԭ̽ȵĿռ䣬ıϡֲˮڿУˣⱬն
ΰڣռ䶼նĵ⣬¶֮ɫеϵȥһˮᣬס⣬֮䣬ռ䱻ʵķ飬ԭݵĸ¥Ǳķ飬𡣱ѵľ˯еѡ
ò㻹ǽΰƵĺܾھŰһķΧڣû˼๼ҪȻǵʵľԷŷԲеĶĩʮڵ˶Ҫܵ
Ҫ龰Ҫȫ˾ˡʿǿ߶ȻҪնɱˣ
㻹ΪܿʿȻ˶ܿƣನһΧڡѵĹųǳʱҲ̧ͷգ˴򶷱Ĺâҫޱȣų˶˷ܲѡ
Ҫڱ𴦣ǿߴ򶷣жԶܶԶˡǣڹųȴ¡ǻΪ˸ð֮踻ٹųǡԣһ̧ͷĿƵĶա
ܾĴ򶷣ѵÿʹڹųԻĵطҲѿܵĴ򶷡ң˱²ǴܵĴˡ
ĿƵĶգ˰ʣȡϹ֮ڵĶ
ͽΰҪ֪ĻȻѪ˴ȴ˵Ϸˡ
֮ϣΰһޱȣҲȻ硣ȴ൱һ£Ϲ˵Ҫ
˴򶷱ƺǿ֪ò˶ãʿǿ߻Ϲ
վһЩֻĽݹˣһӰһңΣҪܿΰȰЩɱǽΰ㵽㣬һֱĽݹ˲ԶֻҪôһǵǰǱС
ȻٶȾˣڽΰս£κβЩˡ
ΰٴεסһֽ㵭˵ûõģ㻹ǻȥɣڣɱǵġò˶ãʿĴܾͻϵʱֲúáʿ᲻ҽ񣬵ҲǸʿųǼӣҪڹų¡
Ҳڹų£ֻʿѲɱﷸǹųǲȡȵҪ˼ҪǣȴҪΪ˭бسֵɣȻˣǾ͸ƾ¡
˵̤꣬ңΣҡֱϣ̤һģ֣ӰӲ֪һֱĽݹˡ
һƽҪ䵽Ľݹߵʱһư㵲ײһ𣬿ֲϯռ䱬ѿûռѷ֮ʧ
ˣҳٶȲҾվߣסȴҲնɱΰ˵οʵʵӦûһߡ
ԷĻһò϶ԷĻ˵еҪǷſȫĻ㵹ɼʰնɱǣҪҪ˼ɵµ޹ȺΰȫǣҪɱԷȴѡ
ǣò׾ǣǻšԼ׷ɱӵʱӵɱǵʵҪǻǻţ˻Ϊҵ˺۸
ɱ˵۾Ȼ˼𺳣ǳ֪ԼֻطԵʡʱԼžʹˡֻܶԼ⣬ɱЩˡˣԡҪǹûɱǴľǡĹĽݹĴܾǰ֮
һӿеȿֲɨ֮ѡ֮ܵԪεĸǶ𶯵˺ѣԭڵҹһƬȴȻһ㡣
˽֣ľûգձŰķ顣

ù£ŭһӿֱֱĺΰ죬ܵĿռһȭ£ռһ̻һ㣬Ӳޱȡ
ΰܵĿռ֮ͻȻһ㣬ҲȲѡȻֲǶԪƿز̫Զﲻʵʵӵеˮ׼
ǣٶȺͶԿռ֮ƿȴԤϡƿҪԶʱʵˮ׼ԪԪñȵϡ
ʵ֣ΰȻ֪ȻԪҪ֪㲻һһӡ־磬ʱԪƿˡ
Ȼﵽƿǻ˲ٵʱ䡣
ΪԪȻᱻĿռ䳹գĽݹ˵ߡΰҲսʤ㣬ֻҪסĽݹˡ
ԣǳڷնɱĽݹѶȡ
䡭䡭
˽ֱһ£ǿ߸źͽΰսĺˣһһĦࡣ
ϼһϵĲ˯Ǹʲô
ϼһû˰ҵĸ¥ˣϷ˯ƨ
ĸ¥ˣ벻ʱ˰æˡ˭ôĵӣȻҹų¡
Ż£һʿڳУʿɲΰ͵ʿ֣Χ۵Ⱥ̲סڣ찡ⲻʿԪϡԶԶĿһۣǲٸ߸ϵĺǿ߿Ĥڵء
ǰ˵ҪԪˡԪ֮ʯ쾪
˿ϳ֣һѣĿ⿴ȴס̾ʱʿǿ֣߳лʤ
㿴ڽΰߣüͷҲ벻ʿô죬⻹ǵһȵȿ϶дܸϹǸϹ֮ԼɱĽݹ˻ϣ
ϼһ˵˵ô²ɣ
ΰɨһۣתͷһĽݹˣ˵ҪɱǣҪǣô򵥡
ɱǣɻĿ㣬Ϊʲô
ΪҵˣΰûΣֱԻشһ仰㶣漴˵ͷŽΰЦϼһ֮ǰҾ㲻ҪӴ鷳˰ɡãѹһԪҪһ



719 ս
ıһ죡ͽΰһһҺӶԵʱм˴Զ⼤ˣһ𶯣ȻҲǴܡ
һɢļϢˣ̲סһ벻ʿϳƽһܶѣֻǴ򶷵ɢƣ;ǰ
ŵܣϳ⼸˵̲ס⼸ڹųǵ͡ųǵ˼Щ˹ЩܿôһȺˡ
⼸һֱǸ߸ϵģ֮˭񡣿߸ϵʱȴһ˶
˰Χ룬һ⼸߸ϵѵҪһֲɣ
ȥɣո㶼ûпɱĽݹˣڸǱˡΰ㣬Ϊֹǲƽϡ
Ҫǲͬأ㶢˵ɱָܷŹǲɣ
ΰ˵Լ˵ƾ£ûɱˣαسǿ
˵ô֪
ĻΰһüĿ֮Ҳŭ⣬̫ˣʿôǿߣȻɱĽݹˡ
ôĿʱҲŭЦⲻң
Ҳ˵ֲӿ棬أյĿռ죬Ťأֱɨ˶ȥ
찡ʲôҪһ֮Ӳǿ߲ɣ˵ɴ۾֮ϣ޷˾Ȼ˳֣һ֮սܡͽΰǿ
ĽݹҲû뵽ôţĿ㡣˱ضҪɱǲɡȻһսôˣ
ֱ˦ӿϯֲ˺գ㱬Ļ渲Ƕȥ㱬ԭȻֲǶԷҲӹ֣֮ʯ쾪ֲ԰ˡ
˺Ȼ󺣵Ŀֲûбһ˿ͱָˣڤ粻飡ȻˣǾȰס㣬ﲻңݲҰ
ΰʱҲ˼ɣֲˮأˮһ޴УҪɽȥб֮ƣʹʵУɫҲ˱䡣Ӱ漤ȥ
Ӱʵķ顣ڲӰɱͬʱ֮ϣٶȿ硣
ΰʵ̹ǲûоȡܣٶȿ쵽ֵزȻѡ
һһѹٶȡż˺˵ٶ̫ˣҪǲٶѹƵĻǱסԷ
ȻԸҽ񣬿ǶԷˡҪǲʰ˵ĻֻΪʿ᲻ҡ
˸Դһֲʯ쾪˷շѹ˿ֲ㲻СӣеһȥԪԪ˿ûбָʮ˰סȫɨȥ
ߣҶȲϣ뵲סˣΰЦٴһӣѹȥҪһж˺ѡ
˼ΰˣҲԱֲطƣķȥ
Լʩչջһŭ𣬽ż㶯ڷУܿԷһֲĹ
ҲֻҪסǣҪɱĽݹˡ
ŵһ˸̾ѣ˻ǲ֪ߵغ־£ɱˡ浱Լ񲻳ɣΧԱˡ
ΰһҲ˵ϵ˳ʮѾ˲סĲݵ뷨һ̫۸ʿˡ
ȻȻھԵ·磬ƵҪңκ;ŵǬĿֲˡǣңκͶԿռ֮ƿأҲһСʡ
Ȼˣȴ˲ѡ˳ƿҲ侫ںǽУҲԼƿضȡ
һﵽԪûлۡԶԪƿغİʹŵİҲȲڴܳʮĴǿߡ
ʱǽ֣ȫֲԼĲ㡣֮䣬ԪƿҲڳ졣
ȻЩҲ㡣
ģһȻС˴ȴѣ츳̫ߣ֮ǰԪƿػһսһֹսȥ¶ԪƿҪڳ졣
ףԷΪʲô֪սԼˣҪԼ˽ˡ
֣ȫΰҲŭˣһ˵ǣԪˮһ㣬£أ֮б˸ܵƣ̲סźĿ⿴ϱһâ̲סĺ
ԭĵˣҲЩ˿Ʋס¡ǾĲˣ
ǣ˿ʼԶ롣ո޹˼ɵĹս
ԷȫȻסǾϵıȥˮһɹӭˡǼʹñǾҲϵĹҲʣȾһЩѪҺ
˾ǣȼյѪҺȻŹЩѪҺƴ¶Ȼࡣǽΰȴоˡ
ҵѪ֮˾棬Ѫ֮ڹҲǺܳġڿԷ͸ѪҺױеĻҪǿ֡
Ǿ龪棬ȴ顣ͬҲѣ˱ѹƲϰɹҲʡܵƶǺģΪܣƸû̫Ӱ졣
ǲǲסԿռ֮ƿֲֲ̫ٶȣÿζܱܿǵɱСսһʱ֮ãȻûκε
һ
̲סһС̫ǱˡоѹסʵƫƫܲסңԷԪƿأҲսȥ˼Ҫ׷ˡ
ϼһôаɡΰһԸһԪûдﵽˣΧսѾܶˡǴʱȴҪôС͸ˡ
ΰ仰õµһ治ѵĿű˰Χ㡣̫ǿˣȻʿ߸ϵˣڸҪôС
ҪôУǾɡ
ЦӿǾԭһƬ𺣡
ߣǲ֪ΰһ
ΰ֮Уˮֲˮǧˮˮתһˮת޴ļ󣬿ֲļԲ
ҲԱУһȥﵽ󣬻ɽˮֲл֮䣬˿֮ȫѹȥһȻѡ
ĽݹҲ˷ܲѣĴУԷ뵲סɣֻ·һ
뵽⣬һ˷ɱǵɱǵһǿҲң͸ѪҺܿóҲһλ
һҲнˡ


720 ɱ
ֲ캳أ֮Եֲرʵķ飬Բڣһжݻ١âҫ
˿ͷλܱʽһȻѣĿƵĶŶԷ˴бһȻѣֲѪɫб£ֻ·һ
һ߿ʼԶЩǿߴ򶷻ơҪһСأǲðգ
˵ȳѹȥضΪ֮ݡм䣬ʱҲɫ䡣ΪԪȻסȵһƺռ䶯ܵĿռ䲻ϵߡŤһߡŤĿռ£ͬռǨƵһࡣ
Ӱ
ŭһڱһ޴ӰӰžµİԵ֮չ¶ƽƣԭ˴кķĿռ䣬ʱ͵ıļг£ռҲֻŤ
΢۾ΨҶ𣡡
һԪӿӰ֮УԭͿֲӰ𶯵Ť𵴡̺ᣬһ㣬ޱߣ
ϯ·ϵ£ҪĤӰ֮ƵġƣѾԪơ
ΰ˸оѹصİƣͬȻӰ̫ȻˣҪǶԷտʼ־ͶһУܵסбΪԷɵʵ
֮ǰһʵֻǱһߡʱٽ˴ʵӿѹˡ
֮ŭħ·
ĺ£һƣϹǰһƺݺݵ˹ȥ֮һǷ飬еһжһ֮С
ΰˮ齨ĴҲıķ顣
ǿ˶һۣ˶ԷеĺȻ֮ɫǣϼ˾ɫأڵԪҲޱǵĴ֮СȻû΢۾һֲĴУ˶࣬˾Ҫߡһ˿
ܱƵĴУҲҪʥǣʥҲı䲻·ΰһָһ㣬Ԫͬˮע뵽ˮ֮Уת
ĸҲû֣Ԫޱȫӿ֮УͽΰĴкһ𣬱صĴӰ
ɵ˴УȻʩչ΢۾ȴҲȫסӰĳһƣıԷķ飬۳ԲתϢһĥһֱֱײҪѴӰײķ顣
ɫ˱䣬۵ֲ̫ӰȻƾˣӵеȴҪϲ١ẖ̂ȴֲ£ײ£Ӱ˼֡
ɣܺսôãҲı¡ǣԪûдﵽܿסǵģʹӵ˵ʥƷҲܡ
һŭǿδأһΪɱĽݹˣôܾʹ˷֣
˵֮䣬һƲϵ˳ȥռһƺ£ϵ䶯ڴӰܣߡһת֮䣬ĥ̵һɹǨƵһ
ĥ̵ǨƵԱߣԱߵվͱķ顣
ÿռ֮ȻûתƵĵزȴҲǣɢһ
˼״ɫ̲סԿռ֮ƿٴγǵԤϣֱﵽ뻯ȻҲǣɢһ֡
ǣվȲǡΰһ˵ͷԴлһĥתٶٴһӣϵŴӰ
ֲĥŴӰӰϹԽԽĶͷҲð˹ɹ亹ֱӵУݽҧţŬĿס˵Ĺ
ɣȻпռ֮Ϊȡһʱ䣬ûáʱҲ˵
Ŀ⿴վһߵĽݹˣһ¶˷ܡرĽݹĴܣϸӿ
ǰ˵㶢Щ˺
֪ΰŭȵû뵽Էڤ粻顣ʱ򣬾ȻɱĽݹˣԼ˭
ٴһǣŤߡĿռѿ˿Բ̺Ϳֲ𺳲ѡȻڼСķΧڣ˿ɱɽ
Ǵܰɣӵд
ȻҲˣǸҪˡʱϺˣͷ亹ӿȻǼֲסˡ
ǣⲢû˼Ц˵Χ¼ôã԰ˡҪǣδȥͱɷĩˡ
ƣΰһˮĥбֲϢ˺ȻֱҪ
ɫ䣬͵Ťתܿһˮһ˲ҪΰˮƵġ
ܿΰһһһƻ˳ȥһȻΪոʩչлĴӰȫʵȴҲ˺Ȼ
һƺֱȥոձܿԷˮﻹܱܿԷһơһƺϣҽһԶȥķĽݹվķ
׷ɣĴӰҲҲֲסȻıѿըձѳ޴ĺڶһеľɽȥ
Ľݹ˼شһȻѣĽݹܸ̲סǰгһѱŵɶһݺݵĴ˹ȥһ̵ľҪ
ס֣ΰĽݹܶɱ㣬̲סһɱ˶Էʿҽ
ǣĽݹĻò׵õᣬôܴһݺݵĴĿڡ
֮Σɣ
˵ҲֻܿĽݹܵҪС
ǣĽݹܻδУȴĽݹҲɫĺһɡ
˻δӦô£ֻǸɳȥĺˣ͵Ťת̤һĽݹ˹ȥ
һƺȻޱȣĿռ䲻ϵĵ֮УҪ۳һһ㣬ԪлûͿռںһѹȥ
ꡭΪܣԷȻһƺĹͷѣݺݵաԭӦش㣬ʱٶȴͬ磬ץĽݹ׷ɵϣݺݵһһ㣬£ԴϣԴ֮С
ͻı仯ŵĿһĻ
Ȼܵı£ĽݹĴܸɱˡңһܾȻнӲһУ
˴Ŀ㣬𺳲
˲ɰĿ⿴ǲǷˮˡҪȻԷһƣôһһܵĹͷѴܸɱˡ
ֻ˻ˮΰ̲סĿ⿴һǿˣȻ˵ȫһǣȴҲһԪܵѵܰشˣ
ѵ˵ոյһֻƾˣȴûж٣ȻΪˮǰһĻȥ޷͡


721 
˿ͬҲŵĿ㡣һƵҪԼһƣˡ
һŴһͬ͵
ͬ˵ͷֻӹŹˣΰ̲סʵзɣ
ҡҡͷҪзһƴȥܸоĵһƾֱӺϡµһơ
һ仰ýΰɫͣĿ⿴㡣дŲţԷҪסһǿǸöǿ
ڵϵĽݹʬһоϱһơΧǱƸɱĽݹܡ⴫ȥǻ
˵ǱסģЦתѹڷѪǿǿĿסһǻǴѪ
ֻѪ̫ӰһٰĽݹܸ
㶨ĽݹܲɱĻᡣƾͼơ¶˵״̬ĽݹɴҲִɱֻҪԼŵǬ˲䱬Դһֲ
ʵ֤Ĳ²ǶԵģԣˣ־͹̫ˣҪǲɱ㣡ҲκβϾΧԼڲ׷ɱ
Ȼɣΰһͷ
Цת֮ǰѪƽϢ˲٣թ־͹ûйܺĽݹˣ
ΰĽݹҲЩɸ֣ҪɱġôᱻԷƣ
߳ΰһҰȥ
ǾҪǱˣЦָĽݹߣǿҪסǣ¸Ŀɱˡ
Σΰ㡣
ҡҡͷ˵˵ɱ֮£ʲôҸұ֤һˡ
˵֮䣬Ӱٶȿ磬ֱĽݹµһߡ
㹥ǣһȺѪɫǵĴԪ϶Էһնɱʲô㣿
ΰָ㶯㵲ɱˣֱΣ
Σ֪ܿˣ
˵ʱĽ޺ۼĽ޺۴ɣϢռȻûдһ˿
ȻΪܵĽΰȻܸоеļϢɫһ䣬ӿס˼Ľ޺ۡ
Ľ޺ҪԶĶ࣬Կռ֮ΪΣĽ޺۴мֱĽݹ߶ȥ
һʼûаЩĽݹǿ߷ľֻĽݹĴܣһЩССϺȻҪȥᡣ
ɱЩߵĻһֱУϵڣҲΪ˲ĽݹѹܱԼơ
ΪԪʱĽ޺ۺεȿֲܶиҪĽ޺ɱǺѣǶδܵߣĽ޺ɱˡ
ʹĽ޺¡Ǳɱ
ɵĽ⣡
ĽݹѪ˾ڡ͵Ŀ㲻ţȭ⻹ǽ⣬ǵ⡣Ҫﵽɶѡ˵ܣǴ涼ܴﵽ
ܰɣһ㶼Ҫӵе۾ʵǣԷȴӵдɵĽ
˾ϵ̫ˣǾҵλߡҪȻԴܵʵֵزܴﵽɣһһλֲǿߴиġ
Ľ޺ۣϢĽݹھ֮У¶Ȼ֮ɫڷֱֱĵգڵϣΪ֮𶯡

ΰһ˸޹⣬Լ˸ո˵ҪסЩˡǶԷĽһǻδü֣ͱɱˡǵڳǰƣ
ΰ벻бİ취һǵ棬ֻ취ǰĺ
ųǳҲû뵽Ϸı仯ųǵλܾȻûбסҪˣһ˳ɱˡ˵ȥ¶ûţǣһжʵʵڵķˡ
һֲ̫ˣⶼԱ֮£ϵ̫ûˡ
ҵôǿʵϵˣȻɱɱˡ

һĿƵĿͷϵĺˣҪʿǿҪȻɳһߣʵ
˵û⣬ǸԱֲʱǳŭˡ֮ǰֻ㣬סˡǴʱѾ˲û᲻ɱˡ
ʱǵʮɵıֱֲء
ұ֣Ȼǵľ棬ɱΣһɱʿɣΰŭˣ񱩵ŭһɹ쫷硣
ʥգһҪڴ˴ۣ
ŭ˸Իһ׭׭۳ֲ֮ϵӿռ佻һ֩ɢļµϢ˿ͬߣޱȡ
ʥŰʬ
˵ĺУҲɫ˱䣬Щ˴ʱѾóˡ˺ʩչƣܰͨľ豬ҪȻԱ뵲ס
뵽⣬Ҳûս˼ˡĿѾﵽĽݹһʱٺʿ˽ǾɵΪˡ
ҾͲλˣʹ˸ǲҪҡЦӰԶȥ²ȶһԶȥĸ֡
ߣΣΰһȻ뿪ˮˮס·Ҫѹλá
ҪߣסŽΰЦָ㶯ˮײһİˮ濾ˮ
סնȻҪΰ˺ȵ
˵ͷһ⣬ζ뿪ġ
Աֲ·ס
ͬʱһԪϣ޴֩㸲Ƕ¡
ʥܸܵеļҪǱһҪ߾ˡ
ǣҪȥͬѣ˱·ȫסҪȥȻҪǵ֡ĺκһôһ飬ɵĽġ
ʥĴʱ£Ժˡ
Ӳ˵ģԹԵɣΰһȻóĴʱٶȿ첻ܵˣʱٶٿΣ
ΰЦԼӣٶ𣿿ǣʱǴ˷סܵ·ߣٶȿʲôã
ȻأȴǴЦ˭ûˣҾ߸㿴
˵ʱƺ˳ȥռʱȻĵ
һռ䲻ϵӣŤһϺۣϺ۵ĳ֣˵ĹҲŤֶϺۣᣬûϺ֮У²ȶܿǵĹ
ʥĹΧһ죬ʥкԭվأ˺Ȼޱȡ
ٶȲУǺͨأҪǵס𣿡
ЦӰȴٵһӰƬ̼ûռʧ
λˣϴҶףϴϴ˯ɡ
ԶƮ㶵ĿգѾûкˣֱʣܻʿԪϡԼϵĽݹߵʬ壡



722 ʮĹ
˴սӰǾ޴ģһսùųǲ˼֤ۿڹųܵ£ɱĽݹ˴ݶȥ˵Īĳرһսĵ֡ò˶ҸǸ߿˼֡ʵȲ֮еˣֵսȴ֮еκһˡ
вϣҪҵ˶ܰʽõ˾ĻĿֲˣ
һսùųǵ˽ֵ֮ڹųƮΪǵͽΰһˣȴѾ̤ǰʿĹѨ·
Ҷ˵ƿɲԴͽһ·;Уΰֻһ˶˵ȥʿĹѨֻǽΰǰҲǰǴӣźƺƵʿԱŹʿĹѨϹȥȻҲһٶʿ
ǺǣǰˣֻǶһЩǳǽǰĶ֣ǰǷŹҰɡҿɲĶ֡ĵ׺ףǽΰԼһĺˡǲһ٣ٶ̽ԼȻӦǽ֣Ͼһ˵ϢǸı䲻˵ģҪԼս㼫ΣҲεסȻҲҪʿĹѨҲԼ̫Ͼһܼʿд
ٴξܾΰҲüͷҲֻǻǸ˾ҶȴȷϾһսǸˡǣǰ꼡Өѩ˿û˵ӣ
ң˵ͨһôܾͨô
Է˴Ļ˲ò
޷ֻССĹжѣ㵽ΪֹΰԸֻҪ֣оԵ̽ǲһĺˡ
ŶȻˣǾҼӺ㽻ְɡĳ˵ȻǰҪУǰú档
ǣӺ棬ΪģΪѾʼˡȻֻǽǰأ˷ˡ㲢ûзǡ
ͬʱٶҲǸǣҿԽǰֻǽأҪǲģԺҲõ
֪ǵİж󣬽ǰأǾ͸оԼ̼ܵͻƿơָоó˶ϹϾȻӣҪѧȫ׵ʵĻһжֵˡ
ﵽ棬½˵ߣߵκһ˲Ŀмӡʹ壬ҲܵõĪ־磬ڴ½ˡ
ڵ۾ô˭˵Ǵ˵Ĵڣô꣬ҲֻǺصʦͽ˴νƣ˵۾
֮ǰѾжû˵۾ϢѾΪ۾ֻǴ˵еĴˣ
ԣ˶ĻϸִеġʱģӰ˽ΰܣΧġ
ΰüѣʵֵܾȻĻӶ⣡ڴ֮ǰڹųѱģʹʿǰԪϣ˾ܾ
ĸӣôİΰЦп㣬ôӣ˵ȥñ𺳰ɡ
ΰʿһۣȻҲֱ𺳡һ겻ѣ¶Ľʡ
ԪϣɣŽΰ˵ҲЩ˷ܣܺԪǿ߽֣ǲɶõľ顣
ǺǣҪϵĹѨڵˣԺлٹаɡΰȻԸͳ˽֣Źһۣ漴Ŵ󲿶ŹʿĹѨϹȥ
˵ٶȲͣһ֮󣬳һĿɽϡӲƬ˾͸оһӭʹ̫գϢȴɢˣ̫ڻɽϵĹâ١
ž޻Ļɽˣ޻֮£ǹʿĹѨΰǰ˵
㶨ۿȥɽͬ޻ڵϣͷȴ߸𣬲һɽʮ־޴ǧͬϣɽľ޻̲ס̾һôֱʣҲǺպһĿ
ΰ˵ʲôﻹȷһȴһ׵أ֪ˡһΣʿһʧܸաϣһŲͬĽ
ʿӦòȱǿߣЩĹѨǰ׳鲼Ļɽ̲֮סüһЩܺʹ֮µѵ뺳ɣֱΣ
ֻһС֣һλɽʮˣʿҲоǿǿ߸ֻͬ·ѣ
ʮˣ̲סһѵ˵һĹѨʮĹ򿪲ɣ
ĹҲ˵һڡĹʮĹÿʮ궼ῪȻʱ򣬾ͻ߽С
Ȼеߣ棡ҲΪˣﱻƺΪɽǣղûΪֹ֮ΪûһųˣٶõôʵͻͽܻųûһﵽܵġȻֻһҪǣЩеõ˵õʥĵҩҲ
һ߽еʱ֮ǳʱ򣬾Ѿﵽ˴ܣ֮ʮﵽ档ΪһĴ˵ʮӣÿһʵﵽ棡
ΪӣΪĹ񡣾֪֣ǻǰȥ
ûһʮĹ򿪣ʷĵһΡҲΪ⣬߸ǵһλеõĪôĹˡҲֳʥһȺٴǰΰ˵
ҲˣԣҲĹ𣿡
ƺ֪Ϣ̲סڡ˾ǵĹѨõôˡʵھʮ漶ӡ
ӹĹӳȻĵҶˡԣ˵ҲĹû뵽Ȼٴǰˣ
ʹˣʲôÿֻҪʣ˾ͱѪɫ˭˾ͱʬҲΪˣ֮ûǴıУܿóȻ˼ֲ
ϼһѵֵסеĿ־岻ɣЦЦ˵ѡĻǵȥǸĹ𣿡
ΰͷʮĹͬʱţǰδеģԺܶ˶һ˶ȻڲͬҲ̫ǰ
ǲͬģͷͷ̫Ҫ̫ĹԸղɽǴʱȻ߰˷֣ǰڻɽϡ˵Ĺ˲٣ҲʮĹйء
һŶ߱ǰҲ۲ѣһĹȻɾ˲ٴ棡Ĺ֮еʲôģ
뵽ڻĿռǸ뵽ǹϢҲ̲סһʿȷʵŹ֮
ʤΰһۣ˵
ֵĴ棬ʱҲð˳ĹѨȻȲɵˣȴɵ١ȻҲ˵ĹѨҲܿһɵΰ㱣ȻҲƲסԼ


723 ɢ
ĹʮĹû֪ʮĹһǹĹڴ˵ʮĹڴ
Ĺֻһδ򿪣ȻûͬʱʮĹǣҲ֪ʮĹͬģʮĹڴһ
˶ߵ޻Ĵɽϣڻɽİɽһ鳤Ű֮ϵľ޴ĹĹû֡ȴơ
ʮŨһȻһ棬ȴղȥ
ʮ㣬ԶԶĹ͸оһɭϢȫ̲סһĹϲƵʮֲֿʹ㿴̲סļ¡
ǿǴܣҲֵܵİɡ̾һתɢϴĺ⡣
ΰһۣ漴˵һģҪҪŨһࡣ׾룬ܸо̹ǵɭϢ
ΰĻ۾޷Ũһôʱ㿴ŲĹϺ纣޲ߡֲ̫ˣʹΪܣɢ
嫵Ǹûа취Ĺܴ򿪵ġ㶢Žΰ˵
ΰͷ˵ȻǵʵҲƲЩĲơ
ô죿̲סʵԭΪһ߰˸ܣƿĹĹˡû뵽˿ֲܿġ
쿴һܣܳȥʿˣвߡЩߺǲһӪģǶΧĹԱߣȻĹɢ֮󣬼˽СЩҲ٣Χģһ£²ǧˡ
ΧĹΧԭʿ˵ͻȡû뵽ʿӪ֮ҲԶԶĹ˿ûжֵ˼һ̲סֹӰ׵ˡ˵ʿĹû뵽ԭҲûа취
ǰ֪ͲĹˣĹȥ˵ѾɢС
ȣԭʿˣû뵽պʿôˡ

Щ̾Ϣ˲ѣǰ׵ˣЩ뿪űĹȥ֮Ծۼ˵ʿĹǴʱǲֻ֣ȥĹˡ
ʵȻ˵Ų˶ʼ뿪üŽΰ˵ɢЩȻ뿿ɢУҪǰæĻ϶Ҳæʱ뿪ȱЩ˵ҪƿĹ͸ˡ
޷ΰЦЦ˵㲻żʿỹǿûеģһĹסǡ
ΰĻŵ˵ͷһʿЩ˶ѹãֻǲ֪Էǿ߶ǿܲƿ
ֲ̫㲻̫ϣʹʮܣá
ͽΰ˲ûеȶã֮ϣֻѻճ֣Щѻ֣ΰվŻѻ˷ܵ˵ˣ
Ҳ̧ͷ˹ȥֻϣһݻ˩żֻѻѻȶǳȵĳ䣬ͳ˵ͷϡ
ܼĻѻ
̲סѻȶȳʱһɹɻӿյĿռ죬صơȻЩѻʵﵽܡ
ôܼĻѻֱʡʿλǿߣ
˶Ͷȥ˾ηͳݵ˳ȵ֮Сһ˴֮л߳һۣŹȣͷҲҫۡ
쿴һ˳֣̲סڣʿĻߣ
ǻߣ
ֵܺʶƵˣһĿȵĶŶԷǳ֮ɫ
ǲİʿĴˣʿǰΪߵһ̫ϳϡﵽ˴漶
ʲôǴ˾Ϊߣһ棬ŷɽ֮ÿһܱдһ棡ŹΪ澳
ԭΪʿܶɼͲˡû뵽ǳ˴漶
˳ȵĶų죬һЩ̲סĤڵأĤһ㡣
㿴һĻҲ̲ס𺳡ȻѾףǣȴҲЩĸԸĤڵأǴȴˡҲһ˵ѾΪˡЩѾʼǵ飡
ɣ󣬿ȴϣĤҲȻһ㣬ӻȻûɢϣȴĻ趯˷ģЩ߶վ
һĻüͷ֮Ȼ֮䶼Ϊһ壬һܵǵƿأ·Ǿʹһ㡣
ָоһȻ֮ܽǱһ֣ȴʮǧ
ﵽ۾оض֮Уʱǲʲôʱһ£ŸоǶôĿֲ룬ɱ۾ҲңҪʩչͨ¹˭ֻ֪˭
߿ΰȻ󣬿ǻȴع·ÿ˶Ƶģ׼ôˣ
ߴˣѾ׼ˡΰĶŻ˵
ߵ˵ͷǾͿʼɣ
һ仰õû뿪ҲѣҺԼû뿪ԭʿɢĹûʲôϣ뵽ǿ߶ˣǿߣƲ
ΰϽ񣬶˵ҶʿǰʹʿɢһɢλòҪҪɢĹ롣ųһԼֻҪһ׵򣬴żһʱҾ͹ˣĽܲ
㿴ǱƵĹ˿Լʿ˵ͷ˵һԣ
ΰҡͷ˵һҪҪȻǴ棬ҲƿĹСʿ˶ʿǵ׵֮ųһ򡣡
ͷŽΰ˵ųһ׵򲢲ǺѣѵҪһʱ̫ŨˣһʱԱ֤
Ǽΰ˵棬㻹ҧӦϰٵʿһƴ
仰ΰŵͷǾͰˣĹҪķҪߴˣҪȻߴܳųһҲѡ
ͷҲ˵ų˵Ϊģ˸ռһǣʿȥǣһֳųһ
үһ˿ѹǿһܲܿסҪȻһЩʿ㣿ü˵
Цҡҡͷǰǰɣƿһǣѧأѡϰ˰ǣҲһЩ
ô˵Ȼġȴ˵ʲô˵ͷ˵Ǿ˵Ҫүֲס㡣
Ҳ˵̤ǰһָ㶯һ䵽֮ϣյ죬ðŹɹɰ̡
ǣûǰԶͱɣĥա
һĻ̲סһ֪׶ôֲ


724 Ĺ
һױĥҲû⣬һԪָһ׭׭ӣ׵˸ѣһ׵˸׵ƣһԲ֣Բת֮䣬ӿֳ֡
ĿƵĿ㣬˭֪һ˺ʱͿܲ˺ѿˡ
ԲУ׵պ졣ȻҲĥĲС
е׵粻ϵĵ׵û֮Уűĥס˼Ԫĵ£ԲڳſһӡӲǺֻܴдŰ׵ӣһڲϵС
ǣſĿȴ˴ϲֵʱ׵ҲӿΧſӡ
ĹϵɲϵĽƣɹ磬׵ϣҪЩûƵġ
һɹ׵Хɢϰ˺Уųһһ׶׵ĿӨ͸Ĺ
㿴ϰٸʿҲֻܳųһĿӣһоЩĿֲҪЩܿʿǵıߣҪ˲ܳųһӡ
ǿ߻߿ųſĿռ䣬ָҲ㶯ָ㶯֮䣬һճ֣Ľһɷ׭䵽Ĺϡ
׭Ĺ˲䱻Ĺգ
ָϵı䶯һӿ뵽Ĺ֮УٶԽԽ졣ռ䶼ŷģԭӨĹҲĨһɫ
ĹתɫʱоҲſ񱩣ѹ
סٴĹҪȻһжˡߺȵָһ㣬ֻĻѻҲ䵽ĹԱߣѻȶ֮䣬
ѻҲȻȲ׵磬ȴҲܰһѣ˸оѹ˲١

ɺХ׵ѾƷھأƵ׵һ֮ӿɢһ߿һĻ̲סľת㣬ŻĽѡ
룬ʿſ𣿹죡
үЩֲסˣֵȻǴܣϰʿϣһɹ紵£׵粻ϵıĥ𣬳ſڲϵС
ŴȫڷĵĹУһһҧ״ָм֮У׶ʱɢһɹɺ嫰ϢϢͬƿգİҪ£ɢԭֻһ׵Ŀռ䣬ıſʮס
ģ
ǿ߻ʱҲ˷ܵĴһĿ⿴㡣еķĸӿԭյķģһ׭ȫû뵽ʯ֮С
ԷſԽĹʱԽ١
Ȼȵǣ׵籬Ϣ·յϢʹǵյնȲϡ
һײϼû뵽СЩףͬħһǹϢֻҪյһɶ
׵ҪȻҲ׻ָˡҲֲ̫ףҲֻǳſһʮ׵򣬲ҴʱһֱС
ǣ̶ʱ䣬ȴ㹻û߰еķĶʯڡ
߰һ׭еʱһ˺ˣ
Ļûȫ£ͳˣӰԶߣ֮䣬͵ǧ֮⡣

ʱĹǣĹâʱ򣬲Ĺϵ羪Х𣬽ķƣ֮
䡭䡭
ݳһڶȴǻɽܶôǿɽϣɽӣֻһϢ֮䣬ɽͻָԭ״һжܴݻ

߿ɽ¶Ȼ֮ɫɽȻһֵֻеŲܱݻ٣ǿƣ˲Ϣָ
߸оëȻѹ˵ĹѨɵڿԲˡ
񱩣Ĺ˷ȥХһߺȻѣӰԶӴܡ
ĹϵοֲһڴֻܶܳųһӣЩ˵֮֡
߱ɵͷûʣ£廯ĩ׸ʴ
纣Х̶ʱ䣬ʮ߱ɣڷ
ûгã˲䱬֮󣬾ʧĸɸɾ˲ıȴøոĹԵˣ֮ʬǶû¡
һйƽٴξۼʱ򡣿ܵС֮࣬һɫҰס⻹δУѾʧ֮ȥ֮мܻų
ĹѨջϾֻҪлųȻԲܡǴһ죡еգǴ˿̣ȴŲ˴ùġ
ʱգŵѾǺܼߣһ겻ѣرµ֮һߣвԼ
ȴĹʱĹûƣĹʯɫĹ·һڡڴûһ˿ߣ˹ȥֻһƬڡ
ȻʱɢܽĹȴûһ˸ҽСһĿ⿴˻ߡ
ȻҲ˼ɣûͬڡߵĳɣһĺһĴﶼ˹˼ɣĻҪȥ
ռ˲УһֱһҽвŴơ
ڸǰʿͻȻڵϴԭѪ壬ͻȻȾһɵɫ͸
ˡ쾪ڣԪӿУҪԷɢ
ȻʵҪɢȴҲΪæңãҪ͸ķθˣûдܼҽʿҪȻɢˡ
컹δõ𰸣ȻһĲҽУŵˣȻϰ˵˵ϡһǿĹʿ
߿һĻҲüͷ֣ȴһӰǰ档
Ķ죬ָ㶯ԪճɷģĻ׭û뵽ʿ֮Сڷ׭ûУʿҽһһڵѪҺ³ʴռ䡣
߿ŶԷʩչоȣĿ⿴꣬ȴԷָϵ㶯һ׭ӿû뵽ߵС
ˮ˿ûٶ㶵Ŀ㣬رǳˣһ㣺Ȼһﵽҽʿʩչĵ
㶵Ŀ㣬ԭΪٶ˶ȻҪ١ֺٶ˵ɢֲȻ׵ıɢˡ
Сӣ߶̲סĿԭﵽ磬ԴѾмһˣȴúڲͬ
û˵Ŀ⣬˵ʿ֮ǰ£ȻҽΣˣҲ˳ְ˾ǣʲô¡
죬˽ȥҪǲȥңҪǽȥ߰ɡ㾡֪գȴ˶ֹ
ֵܶһۣվһҧȻүһȥ


725 ׹
û뵽һȥľȻǻߣǸꡣĿЩŹ֣굨ǿǻߵС
ߣҲȥɣ
˻Ϊ˽ȥ𺳵ʱһĵӻѻŵĵĴ֪лˡȻ󣬵Ϊ֮һ
С㣡Ҫȥ֣ʹҶһȫˣ˵һҲΪǿ
ȥɣӵ˫꣬ϹŹʿĹѨлҪĶĵɵĴ
ƺҲ֪Էľģ˵ͷŽΰ˵С㣡Ϸȥ·
ΰͬͣʿӵ˫ˣֻл᳤λͽܣֻǣû뵽ҲĹ֮Уѹֻһǰˡ
ӵ˫С㣬ʿԵʿĵһλ˫ʿµĵͳʺ˫ġ
ǻ˵᳤ķıԴ֮ÿСϴ꣬ʵ᳤ʵҲ˶½Ȼ֪ǲģǴҲóʿҪ̶ȡ
ǣʱȴðա
ڽΰĴУҲ뵽ĹѨУһĻŮӴ߳ߵǰɢһջöĲࡣ
ȥɣĺ촽Žΰһ˺
ΰϽͷʿĵһǰһ룬ȻĹµĶȥ
˻̵ĻУԳǣ̵ľٶҲһЩùĵ˵ӣĹµĶ˽ȥ
һŮ˶ҽȥǻʲôҵģ

ͳУûеڡȻ̫΢Ĺ԰һжյȻҲһɹɭϢ
ã
ͻȻָǰ溰㶨ۿȥǰ濴ͷͨУ鲼ã׹ɢʮļ¡
۰׹ǲ̤֮ͨ䣬ͷ
үСһЩЩ˶Ĺʱģﻯɰ׹ǣ˵ա
˵ͷͳһǰţ㲻ǰһҲûʲôŹֵĶһҲ˼־衣
ϵǰͨɽڲͨҲ֪˶Զ̲סһģˡԭʲôûУǻС
˵̲꣬סһĭйеĲ
ЦЦû˵ʲôɫȴ͵һ䣬ָ㶯һ׵缤
үôˣĶøողŷĳ˼Ŀ⿴׵缤ĵط׵ڿһĿռ䣬ȴһҽ
ҽУڤ״һ˴˳׵յ죬С
ʿּܡ壡
쾪ȲѣϾʹʮ־Ȳͬȼߡ͵ϮӰȴʮֲֿʹΪܣҲСӡ
˵ͷϻʱҲܿ塣㵱Ϊǹʿ֪֮ʿֻǺϵҵ༼ܶѣ
ʱոɱֱֻոպɱֻİ֮ˡңصʮ־ʹЩƭ˹ȥ
СһЩΪܣҪǱ͵ϮֵĻҲҪų˵
켸˵ͷҲû̫ϡոֻû⣬ҪȻ԰֮壬صҲܱڳ
ͳٶͨǰУ֮Ҳ˼ֻ壬ֻɱˡлһֻ֮ڤ壬ĵܳ²ЩͱҺӦ죬Űɱ
ģЩĹѨ֮ع湻ǿġ²һ棬߲֮ҵʮ׷Χڣһֻȴߵ֮ڡĹѨ֮еĻǺܺõء
ͷں׳ǱʼϿ岢ϹŹʿľֶΣֻǵƤëѡǿ֣
ֵĿֲԶԶܱģڤֻϣɵһɱǺܴ
ϹŹʿĹȴͬԪϣԸطɽ˺֮еܱܹ˵꣬ܶᣬѪ
ֵֶʤǴ඼аġҲϹŹʿԭ֮һ
ĹѨʿ϶ӵֶΣֻǲ֪֮ûĹ֡
̵ͨڱͳߵ˾ͷһ·Ҳɱʮ壬඼ǰ֮ҡȻÿһֻ嶼ǣ෴ЩǶǵ٣ֻǣ˵ʵǿЩ嶼ˡ
Щ嵹Ǵܸоߵزǡֹһԭɱֻأ벻ûй񫡣
仰̲ס˷ۣų˵ҪɱĻһġĹѨ֮϶й֣ʱȥԸЩ֡
ĻһٺٵЦЦ˵үⲻ˵Ц˭ѾЩ˲˵Ķ򽻵
ҲػĿѾһʯˡͨľͷһ鲢ߴʯдѪ֣ȴɱ
ôĹѨҰ˯ߣ
ʮдĲÿѪͬѪҺĿģѪζɢģ̲סĵ׺Ȼ
үʵĳ²̲סһΪܵȻ⼸Ļ꣬־ĵð˳
״ŭһ𶯶Ժ⼸ѪֺĻŻָ
²뵽Լոյı̲ס죺үлл
ҡҡͷһдѪֵʯڣڳ²ֲ֣Ϊʯ⣬ʮŨɱ⡣ԽעʯڣԽܱɱӰ졣
㵱ʱҲעãҪĽɣҲ˵
ȥɣ㿴ʯԱߵʯţ֪ʯ֮󣬲㳹׵ĽĹѨ֮У
˵˵ͷȫ׵أòľ

ʯŵʱǲ֪ǵЩڵϵ۰׹ǣʱȴ͵վ׹ͬƵģȺ
ǰ濪·ָ㶯֮䡣Ļ׹Ǳճɷĩ
ǣȴס׹ǵĹǧİ׹Ż˹ȥΪ֮ĺѡ
ʱ߾ͱֳ漶ǿʵζİ׹ǣжΪɻҡ
Щ׹ǱЩǣǧİ׹ڻͬһ㣬һ̲סͶȥݵĴǿߣ֮䣬ﻯΪɻҡ
ߣȻЩ׹ǲмһˣ˵ǰ濪·˵ٶȺܿ졣
ڻߣһ˷ܲѣǿ߿·ʲô
ȻҲΪʲôûпˣѵЩ׹Ҳͬһ
Ȼ֪ûгܵ׹ǵĹҪ֪ȻѪ


726 ħ
ƿʯŽУӭһɹ˱ǵĸʬζصϢˣŻĸоЩûһ˳ȥ
ۿȥһ磬У໽Уʬ죬ɵһ㣬׹Ƕѻڵһۿͷ
ǿɨټĿ߼ʵ磬ֻ۰׹ǡ
Х粻ϵ˵Ķߴɭĸо͸˵Уһ˶סȫֵЩǣĸʴʮǿɵķٶ̶һӵʱͱʴ
ү紵ȻعԪһЧӿԪԼ󣬶ڿѩһذ׹ǵ㺰
ȻоĵЩȫǴӿռĴģÿһռС
ǿռģ磬ռ磬綨ȻаСһЩų켸˵
켸˵ͷ˵ʲôȴ󺰣ָָ£үʲô
һڿնĿ⿴ովλãȴûзһ˿״㲻üͷ˵㿴ʲô
䶯Ķ
üҲûж롣ӿֱֱĺ̤λãµİ׹˲䱻Ʒɣɻı紵ı鲼ռ䣬İ׹ǱƷɣ¶档
ϣ
ǰֵһĻ˶ëȻƳһƬռ䴦ȫǴư󣬳ªɢʬζЩ飬һһ㣬䶯֮Եöġ
˾û꣬˾ʱҲǵ˹ȥ
ǧƣǵأããһƬ塣³һɹҺ壬ЩҺڰ׹ϣ׹Ǳʴ졣
ǿĸʴԣ
µİ׹ǾȻЩ³Һ£ʴ˿ʣ׹ǵǿող̽ʯͷǣϵ³ҺǿҲԤϡ
ϣ֮а֮̣ȫɢʬ¶Һ帯ʴˡó裬һʵ֮ǿﵽܡ
ȻЩϱҪǿ٣ʵÿһֻﵽ֮
˵ϢЩϣǵصֻȻƵϣȴҲСӡ˸ëȻ˾żֱ˺Ȼ
׵磬ǡ
ų캰ɨȥХһ㣬׵֮ϱݻ٣աΧһհ׵ء
ǣհ׵ûгãܿͱϸǣǵأռ䣬ɿ֮ڶ㾪ȵǣ紵ϣȻҲա
ЩȻﵽ֮ȴûǻֻۣ֪㣬׵պǣһһ
һԲȦ׵纣Хһ㲻ϵĳϱڷǣⲢûü˸ˡЩϸηɱٶҲûã֪жϡ
үô죿ɱ֮ȻǶɲ˺ȥǵȻᱻ֮һգǵһգ¾ҪǸˡ㺰
ȲҪ֣Ȼסǰߡ˥ߵʱٻסҡ벻õİ취ֻ
˵ͷۼߣԵϢָ׵ɨɱһƬ֮㼸˾Ϳٵǰȥֻ̫࣬һξ룬ͱж谭
һۻͷĿռ䣬üͷսȥǰ취
죬ĹıȽ϶࣬ǰˣЩϵġų˵δܵ߶ܲĹȻа취ƿϡ
ҡҡͷЦܳȥˣԹĹηЫ̸е飬Ҳ֪ġ
üʱȴһ쳹գֲȵ֮ضΪ֮Ƶģϱɱ
ߣ
Ťͷȥλ漶ľǿߡ
Ҳû뵽ǰܿˣ⼸ߵĻ湻Զģ㼸˵ǰֱһӣһĤСĤǿ赲⡣Һ壬ʴâ
Էһ֣˾岻ѡ˼ʹȫ֣Ҳ㡣
߲ռġ߿˵ռӳϣҵԴǴǾֻ·һ
а취۾һŻߡ
ߵͷĹѨеϺͱ𴦲ͬʵûʶԲ֪¡
㿴Щϣ˲бĶģǳȥûʶĻĺûһ˿
ȻҪô׵磬Ƿ˹˵
ͷŻ˵ǵصϣҲ㹻鷳
ߵͷҪһˣٶҲáСҪͨ⣬ͱǽˡҪǵ
켸һǿߡʵڴܸͲмһˡӼټܶûӰ죬ı䲻ʲôǣ˿ȴ˵ҪԼ˵
˵ܰﵽȻ֡Ի߻Ǵż𾴵ģϾﶼǴ½Ĵ档
ЩﻹͬһΪ˴һȪԴһȪԴݻôһռ䣬ҸЩṩûз֣紵УգȪϵֻҪסȪԴһжܽ
ȪԴɫ˱䣬дż𺳡һռ䣬ϱ֮ĴڣȪԴôǿ
룬оԼǾԲܿȪԴġ
ƺҲ֪㼸ʲô˵ȪԴȥ⣡㲻ǵģǵʵܿ
ߵ˼ǣ㲻ˣȻҪȥ⡣Ϊʲô˵ҪԼæ
ȪԴһʥأа˵յҲмӳȥﵽܣǽȪԴ߶˶٣ּ˵ҲһϢǾȪԴħȪԴħԱʵҪʱסȪԴһɹӡʱ򣬸޷ĶԿħҪǰæסħ
ħͻȻ˷ܵĴ󺰵
˷˶üͷ֪֪ħĿֲܱħʵҲҪﵽܵʵ㻹ô˷ܣ
֪ڻĿռеõĪ뵽ˣȴԼϡ
ϹŹ˵һܡһֱҪȴ̡оҪħȴһֱûҵҲͣû뵽ǣħЩ˷ܡ


727 
ȻܿͷԼ˷ܵЩˣڨڨЦ˵
ħʵСӣǲҪģܣԼǰĹѨǿߣʮܣֻѻҲǿܣϣʮܣܵסħ˵⻰ʱ򣬰Ŀ⿴㣬˵ҪСħ鲼磬ӵеսҪǿǡ
һ仰ָһЩǡոֻҵһֱûҵħħǿ
ǰģǻСµģ
ߵͷһ˵ңȥȪԴ
ͷڻ󡣻߲Ǵ˵ɱЩϲ⡣Ҫһ·ȴѣڻУֱ˦֮䣬ϱɷĩĿһ·
ܿ죬ͳ˾͵һطһĤĤѲ˰ΧС
ֻпһˡŮգźڰ׷ˮһ׵ķ͸죬촽Σ̸һһϵĺ촽һ׷¶ļѩϸۣ͹ıɫȹУֳԲͦ׹ظȹһ˫˹⻬ѩ׵ȣϸźۣŷϺʣŵ֬㼰Ů˵ζӭߣԸоʹЩȣŮ˱֮ǰþĶˡ
˵С㣿㿴̺ǾȣΪϸоԪĲȻҲﵽ˴ܡ
ǾȣܶôѴﵽҪǽŻѪôʹﵽǣ֮ǰٵŮˣȻʹﵽ˴ܡ
̿ͬȣʱԷЩϤҲû뵽㣬ΪһֱΪϽǣʱЩС꣬ȻĳǰңǴﵽ˴ܡ
̾ò˼飬ﵽ֪ܲķʦŶԴʦΪϴ꣬ʹøطﵽܡԭΪܰԶԶԺ뵽Ҳﵽܣ˵ۣʵҪǿ
̼ĿЩȵĶĽ뵽ںоȻԡұ俴⡣̲סɫ糺졣
ݺݵĵһۣúõϽţôܵˣǲǴˣֻ
˵䣬ƺõ˱ĿƵģЦҡҷ֡
㿴ɢֱַ̣ö̲סһôͲµô׼Ȼȴϣ̾һһ𣬾;˸У˵㵽̲סˣΪټ㣬ȥһΡ
һ仰࣬ҧݣ֪ǵϷȴҷйѵ˶֪Сӿ˲ɣ
СʶҶΰȵĿ㣬ôʶС㡣
Ҷ㰡̺ܲ˵
仰̲סҪֹ̣ȴѾֹסˡ
㣿ΰüͷСԭˡȻҡҡͷһһ룬͵ֹͣԲ۾Ķ㣬˵ʲô˵㣿
ڽΰʱ򣬻ҲԲ۾ͬʱ㣿㣿
˼߾ȻҲгǴͣŵĿŻߣһò˼顣һ漶ĴǿߣȻΪһֶУⲻ˵Ц
˹ŹֵĿŻߣû°ɣ
ȻҲЩ˷Ӧͱͱ߾͵˵ɱ壬նɱ۾ǽ㡣
ѣӦ˶ŴͿ㣬ʹǳˣԲ۾
λֵܾôܣ
ⷬģ̲ס̾һԭҶֻΣϾʹﵽȻ˾档ҲûУһЩĵӣһЩĴеͳߣҲܴﵽز
ԣȻ浫ǲһỳԼ㡣ǣ˿˵ˣָǴġͬͬգǴʵôǿġȻȻ뵽ɱһλ
εĿһ̣д鷳ذңʿҺúûжԹҪȻ鷳ˡʱסߡ
㣿߶㣬дżֳȣʵ
ҪǶԷ㣬Ǿʹɱ۾ľǿߡ۾ʲôʱȻǴ棬߸ϡڵ۾԰¡ȴף۾ʹĲ࣬ʹܵĲҪĶࡣ
ûлش𣬶ЦŻ˵ǲȥȪԴס
߼תƻ⣬̲ס̵С㣬ˣ
̼ˣϵ֮ǰһϢҲ̲סס촽˫ˮӣ㣬Ų˼֮ɫ
ǸϢ̵Ҳû̫ϡֻͬͬյˣϾ֪֮У㲢ҵ
ǣʱߵ˵ģѾı֡ⶼ֤ǸĴпܾǰ꣡
ôܣɲԸš
ˡ߼̬ˡ˵µʵʱֻܶѡɱ۾ģ
߶ĺ𾴣ʱʵΣɱ۾ȴǲɵʵƾ㣬ˡȻҲ㵽ġ
ҪӵбͨҪֲطʥķԴҲܶڴﵽ־ġſںȻ˵ǻѪԵʡ
ôֻܺ˵˵ˣ˵ѻȻҪţԽǾԽš糬Խͨط˭֪ûУңеĶ
룬԰ѻ߸ˡԽͨط޷ġû˵˭ӵطʥҲġﵽ棬ķҲŵõһѡʥǲ˭ܵõģǣʥΪطٵˣطҪǿ
ڵ˵Դ߶룬϶ǼĶ
һǲƴ֡
߸̾һôȻֻڶڴﵽ۾Ҫ˵ǰܼҲ˰ɡ
һƽϢһ飬̲סʵʱȫʵʲôǿߣս𣿡
һ仰Щûˤڵء
Ҫս棬ԼΪЩͷ
ԪѡʱûΣϾҪȥסȪԴܹ߹Լʵ
ˣԪʵܱԪѾˡڴܵʱͬ߶һЩܵÿһԪһԾҪûĻͱԽսοԪĲ࣡
ЦЦҲ˵Լһʼ׵Чܺһ߱
ΰĻĿƵĿ㣬лһˡֻеԹʧˡԷ嶼ɱǰɱˣҲ̫



728 ħ
˴֪֮˿͸ӹˡȻʿһЩߣҲ⣬ҪҪϢгĹ塣ϢӦֵ͵ļ۸ɡ
㵱Ȼ֪˴⣬ȴ̫⡣ֻҪ߲֣κһӦԡϢᱻȥûзϡʱڹĹУﴫ
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ӿͬȪԴ㿴ߣ˵߰ķӡȪԴǣħǻ취ס
ߵͷӰӿȪԴ֮ϡ
ƺо룬͵ıͬɽ緢ռȫռŤһѡ
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ץ̵֣͵ˣٶȿ쵽£ԭվλãһռ䶼ʴ
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ʼеҪ֪ûãͺʶȤĲ󡣡
ȥˣĿ⿴ϡѾͬӱڵɹ޴ķ׭ȪԴѹȥȪԴвϵĳȴƲŵϢķ׭ɫһϲ봫ǿѹס
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ħˣǶ֡ΰЩֵħϽ˵
Ҳ˵ӰЩħȥ
ЩҪˣҪħӣ
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729 ħ
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ߵϵӿ׭ѹӿȪԴΰ˼֣ҲûţԱӿɹħȥѳֵʮֻħ
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ҲΪ⣬˶עħӣȻͨħûмʶǹ˵ħӣȴвӺ͹˽֪ħħľħԵеĻܱȵϴܵԱ
ȻıûԸԱӵⶫͿ˿ͨаǿȻӵħӵҲ°빦
ʿǰȥɱħûǿػħһҲıū͡ǣʿ޷ǣǵֶ죬ӵκαħħӡħӷ·ֻйܴǹ˵ר
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û뵽ǣȻƳˡѵ˵ǹˣôܣҵˣôͻȻɹˣˣһаĹ壬һǴյĹ塣Ҵ׿Ҳںߡ
Ǽˣôܴĳ̵һ䣬ȴӿѻʰħ



730 
ħջصͼУӰһ䵽ߣְħץסһĶϳأգħ˹׵ƶȥһֻħ׵統С
ָ㶯һ׵粻ϴַ£һֻħҲħӡû뵽ͼ֮У
ֲ̼һ̾ͽһôͷ۵ħ̲סʵ˵ôܰħħӣ
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ף̾ò˼飬ֻй۳ħоȻף
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Ȼ֪۳ħӵһطǹ嵱Ĳ֮ءȻӣǳ֮⣬ѧȥҲΪʲô꼴ʹϹŴ۶޷۳ħӵԵ֮һ
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ȥûʲôܸҵģҡҡͷ̵ıпĳһʲôطĶ̺ϡ档
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ֻ㲻ͬǣħħˣȴǰħ׺ɱˡ
ڵһħɵ֮һϵĻߣʱĻɱ۷׭׭ѹȪԴϣһ·ѹ¡ԴȪͷ׭⣬˭Ҳκβ˭
ûзסȪԴЩʧǿܿסȪԴ緢ְܷסȪԴ
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㷭˷ۣǰ欵Ů˵ȱ𣿡

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ʱ߱ȪԴǣƣȻħšϵɱħ
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̲סߣʱ۵ľ޴׭ѾǴƬȪԴȪ۴ˡ
Ӧÿˣֻǵü֣ɫ֪Ѿȫˡסħĸšΰ˵ټһ󡣡
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㲻֪ΰżҪڵϵĳ²ţӽָȡһЩҩݸ˵ȰѵҩȥָһЩȵȻдսеȵȺħ֣ѡԱߵģҰǽ
ǣү²ŵĵҩоָ˲٣ǾȣⵤҩƷҲͰɡ
˽ħδץʱϢšʱһħȪԴ֡һֻħһֻһֻһȥ㹻ˡ
ǣΰδȫȥɫȴȻĴ䣬ɴ۾Ŀһֻħħ
һ仰˾ޱȣֵĿֻħħĶͷȻһڵķϵӡǡħ֣ĺˣҲ


731 ͨħ
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Ԫʲô˶𿴽ΰﵽԪԪԪǣԪҪǶԸĻжҪװ
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žҲһٱ䣬ԶĻ߱ķ׭ҪȪԴڸסҧ˵Ҫɹˣܹһ񡣲ôҪֵ߷סȪԴڡҪȻֻ·һֻҪ߷סȪԴڣ֮ħ
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ȵȪԴ֪߿϶ǲеģΪģΪһߣħ϶ṥߣŬҪ׷ѡҲ˶ѹƵĿֲ϶ҪԶԶǿ֮ǰȵǾܱ֤˺ΣվͱԪħС
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㣿㿴һۣǾ¶ļᶨʱԵ쳣ȷѹסԪħҪȷҪĵѹסֻҪѹסϢʱ䣬Ҷİˣս½ǣҪϢѹסǶС
㵹ǲ̴ܾͷ󣬿ǣѹסħܻɣ£׳ԣҪʧˣЩ˶Ҫ
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㵹û̫࣬Ȼǿǲÿһ˶ܱ£õĵȴһӲ
ǻɣ˵ȵҳѹǲҪͣ٣ǿĹˣ˵ԽأʰļʾԽߡ
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Ҳ˵ʲôųͬ˵һ仰ǵȵһֺ󣬾ǹħ
໡໡
ħһ˶ţȻͷˣ̤֮䣬ɨձ̤һݡһ£ħǹƱӿƾƣĸմﵽܲõĳ²ƺһѪɫЩҰס
ԼĵˣȻͬʱҲĿ⿴㡣һһӡħȥ
࣡Ƕ
ħ㣬ܵϱɭ¶мһˡߣһƾķɡ
ԷôģҲôġ
ë׵ֱ֮һƺݺݵ˹ȥһƾ֮ͬƵģɢ޿ƥеƣǶ£Ҫضѹȷ飬ȥ
һƵܴٵأһƶ£Ϊ֮ɫΰҪһеĻ㲻Ҳˡ
Ԫ𣿡ΰһͬʱеǣҪ㱻һкˣǻʲôͶԷ֣
䡭
һֱֱĺովλãվ㱻׵ĺ顣
Ӱĵ˿ű㣬һϲĿ͵תƵħͷ
ʱϹâǣķĲ˿һǿҼֲ˶á
˵仰趯ռ趯֮䣬ŤĿռС֮УƱһռһ㣬ޱ޼ʣĿռ֮
һŵµħݺݵȥһƣһ㣡ŵǬ
£ռɲϵû뵽ģȻռֻа£ȴޱȣһռħշѹȥ
һħǳªҲŤˣƳȥӲľŵǬߺȻĹһŵǬ۵ټռ䣬ʼ


732 ʤ
һ۳ľ޴ռ䣬ڶԷǿ£ķ顣ʹͨҲֲ֮칵ľ޴ࡣټĿռ䱻Էһݡ
̻ʧɫͨⲻסǸ޷شħˣ֪ˣԳ֣ɵϣ
ɽӰ磬ط׭
һĻط׭֮һ͵ط׭׳ɽӣʮһط׭ɽӱҪĶࡣ֮䣬ֻ׳Ϊ֮𶯵ɽӷ׭
򣡡
һһٴռ䣬ɽ֮Уɽһѹħȥ
໡
ħط׭ɽӣª֮ɫɫҪһɽӷ׭
䡭
ԪĿֲɽӷ׭ϣɽӷ׭͵ĲѳѺۣһ˲ҪըƵġײռ䣬ײͬ֩һĿռѺ۳֣ľµİ׹Ǳķ飬ɻڿռ
ָ㶯һļ䵽ɽ֮УħֲҲ𵴵ɫҰסǣʱѾ˲ԼѪеķɲϱûɽӷ׭֮޸ֵѺۡ
䡭
ħȻŭˣмۿһ۵࣬Ȼѹֲë׵ֱ۱ɽϣɽӸ𵴣ҡγһѺۡ
Ұ׵Ӿ˼֣Ҫɽӵħһŭɽѹ񷣡
ĺ£ʮһط׭ɽӣ͵Ťãһ޶Ӱѹħͷ
޶֣иУѹбӿѹħȥԭŵĲһħѹС
ѹеħ֮䣬޶ҲһѺۣѺͬ֩һ鲼޶һ˲ͻƵġ
ɫҰףΰ˻û֣ŭŸʲôǿĹԸħѵɡ
һȺŷӦֱֳԱԼǿأԪƸԵıֱħҪһȺУΪ׵ĲǽΰǷӦ̡
ֳֽɫıͬȣԪл۶ȥû۵ļֱħشϢ֮ضΪ֮
̴ﲻģȫǽеȨȲܱһĻԶŵˣһĿóޱȣı
ҧ֣ħ䣬ľ޶ֵѺԽԽˡ
ģŵǬϹŶ׭κβסϢʱˡдֵʱ͹ħЩƫƫɵ˷Ϣʱ䡣
㿴Ẓ́ҧţת۾ܹħˡԲ֮ǰ޶ѹ
ԪֻͨǿѹϢʱ䡣
ʱת۾ȥ㱬ķ׭Ŷ˲䱬ѿ׭޶ıѣҽһ屻׷ɳȥɫҰףһѪҺӿϺıȥ
ˣ״кȻ
ȥҵʱ̵Ĺڵˣھ޶ѣħ׼ӳʱȨȵħϣŵ۵ħ͵ĲҽһɹڵѪҺħ屻׷ɳȥֲħؿڰһ顣
ʱܵҲˣԱħϡ
ħԪκһ˶֮СǣⲢͿӴܵǿ
ʮϣ尼һһ飬شϢҡ
Ҫ
˿ħʱˣһ˷ܴ󺰵ܸб̶ֱԷҪ
໡
ħ໽һ쳹شǿһӿǵأױȵܶȥ
ܼ״ѪɫҪߡǣħǿܶ˵ģһϣ˸ֵܵڣ屬ըѪⱻֲɣʴĸɸɾܣڷ
˿һĻȻޱȡĿ⿴ħʱΪǿԱ˿ֲ
һ֣ɵǧΰ󺰵ħ˹ȥ
ҲħնɱܵĿ־壬Աǿħȥ
شħɵʵΧԽԽأƵļأʵͬϽ͡Ǿˣýΰͷ۲ѣдܱˡ
ģ
˵һ䣬йٶȸˣռȻǣҪһɱħ
Զ㣬ʱתҲƽϢһڷѪڵҲΪͨľ޴ѣҪͼǻָǴ鷳
ͼеȻָܻ۷壬Ҳһս֮Լʩչ˼ڷѪƽϢӰҲħȥ
ĺã
ΰ˴ϲ֣նɱħٶҲҪ첻١ֻĻָٶȻ̶һӲʱ䣬Ȼͻָ˶ոܵشĳ棬ǿǿ
Ʒףף
һӿħȥŴħܵشϢҲѣ
ɲϵĳ֣ħڳܲ˵ΧܶȲϡ
ϲ׵籬ӿƣ˺ǲҪ֣ң
ĻҲʶȤס֡һ׵磬ǷĴħ
˷ˣܵõһħӣһδˡ
˷ܲѣһ׵ǷĴ
Ĵ£ħڱһħӣһħɢϢļ£֮Ϊ֮趯
С뵽ͼУŰĿ⿴ܡһڴܣŲ˵ģѾȿʼָˡ
ԪħǿʹشɱܣشλǿߡҪԼͨѹϢʱ䣬½մҶҪ
һԺԪĴڣҪԶһЩȴڣԼûдﵽԪĻԲǵĶ֡
ߵǰ㻹Ұ׵ʵû°ɣ
ҡҡͷҺУŵĻԣ
̺޺޵ĵһۣåȻǵԼ˵Ǿ仰뵽ոѹħﵽϢʱ䣬о𶯲ѡʵȷʵ˲Ŀ
̼û˵Ŀ⿴ߣҲתͷȥ
߶ͷ亹ɫżֲ԰ףȻǰʹˡ
ϣ߸ϿסȪԴҪȻٳһħ׶༪ˡ
û˵ͲһҪ׭סȪԴڣȭͷҲսףҪǷⲻסЩ˶Σˡ



733 ҩ
ϣ˵עУͻȻһϹâǣԪбȫӿ𣬻ķġЩļ䵽ȪԴڴ
ҲΪȫޱıѣֱֱĵաֻѻӿסߣûûڵϡ
ȫģĻһ׭ȪԴڳ׵ķסͬһĤһȪԴڡ
ȵߵķ׭ĤĤȴܰѷ׭ơ
ȪԴڱסԭĿռ䣬͵˥ԶΪû֧ţͬһȥ
ԭ޾ϣҲûһֻ˵ǰһ
ߣ㲻°ɣ̿űѻŵĻߣЩĵʵ
ҡҡͷסȪԴڣС㣬ǸϽűߣڱһͨܽĹѨһ硣ǵãٶһҪ㣬ȪԴֲ̫ҵӡ̫ãһʱһʱ󣬷ӡᱻȪԴơ
ߵĻٶȾͱ£űȥ
ߣ̲ˣһʿ˺ȵ欵Ӱ֮䣬ʮˡ
죡ֵܸңų˺Ҳûͣ
ʱ˶űȥûϵ˵ٶʮֿ졣ûжõʱ䣬оͳһ޴ʯʯɺ֮ǰһʯֻĸ֡

ĸɢŨѪζеɱҪԶԶǿ֮ǰʯڡ
ȥ̿ߵ㣬ʵ
ȻЦôҪĿĵˣôܲȥ
ĻҲЩѪȡǾҪ뵽ĹѨĺˣƿĹѨɴˡ
ߣȥУʲôܡ̶˵̤ߵʯǰָ㶯һѪҺ䵽ʯڵǸ֮ϡ
˼״ҲģĸԼһѪҺϣЩѪҺ뵽ѪϣѪֿʼʯھȻһĹţĹŲֻܹ˲Žȥ
һ˼״һۣԿŶԷðսУǶϣ˴ͷ
߰ɣ̶㺰
ͷԼʩչջ壬˲ʯ֮С
ʯڣ˾ͬԽһռһ㣬һ˲һУеľɫȻһ¡͸ոձصİ׹ǣͬȻʪѾû۰׹ǣʪؾе¡
һŴдֲֲ֮ɢϢЩֲҲԱ
ѩݣ٣ˮ
̿űشڵԵֲ̲ס;ɳֲܶǼֵĴڣһЩѾˡǣȴͬӲһضǡ
һ鱦أ૵˵ӵЩԴһԵɣǿ߳
̼㿴Ҳһۣǰȥ̲סʵȡһЩ𣿡
㿴һۣ漴Ц϶ҪЩ˷ʱ䡣
̷ӦͣժЩֲĶԶ첽ȥ
ٶȲһ·߹ȥ̿˲Ϊ֮ҩģǱһֱǰ絶ҪǸǶԵģݺݵ˦֣ȻȥժЩĶ
ܿ죬ܿ͵һĵططɢŹɹɺ⣬̲̤֮䣬ŶҪС
һƬ󣡡ڿնǰԽǰԽŨ񡣵Ҫֵ˵
찡ҩݣ㣬쿴Ȼʶҩݣ˷ܵĲʶҩģֳƺΪ顣ҩЧÿһҲƳ켶Ʒҩ˵ֻʣһˣܽǻָҩڹ嶼
ҩΪʿһ̳˵Ϊֹûù
ǣʱȴˣҿЩҩ󴩲壬٣ǲ°ٿ֮ࡣôҩǿ߳ˡ
֪㻹ŸʲôְЩ鶼ժ˰̺
˵仰ӿƣеҩץ˹ȥıҲܰܣͼ֮һЩ
ʱܵʵЩҩȻڻ£ȻӣǱ·ܿͱץͼ֮С
̺ʮѸ٣ҵľٶ£ϰٿųΪҩı˷ֹΡ
ͼ֮Ѿٵҩи̾ЩҩģƳĵҩˡֻǣ֪ԼҩܲƳ
Ҫǲܳɹҩ˷һŶ
Ȼûвժ࣬˷ܲѡ룬һʴƸ
ǰҸоǰһиֵǮĶ˵
ʹʿˮ֪ٶôջˣ㿴ŶЩܿˣ
ѾģȻʱջҡֹһΪ䲻дСɾջ˿ɫ
̵һۣķԷ쵰ջ㣡У㻹㴿СɾߣСҪջ㡣ָͺˣ
ʲôָͺˣŭգŮҲ̫ˣҸ㣬˵ָѹǰҶ᲻һۡҪҶ᲻㡣
˵Դǣһ㶣漴Ͷȥĵ񣺡֪¾αӵģ

̽һԼԲαӵģ̸ǰȥ
һ·ϣҲһЩҩģûзŹǣְǶͼ֮Сһ·ӵʮš
㣡㿴߲ʹâʲôһҩָ֮ǰ߲ʹâһɢ߲ʹâֲ˵
㿴ȥԶһֻаײ¹һֲ꣬ȫɢ߲ʹââ֮ŵ۵Ϣһۣ˸оƽͣ·Ҫõһ㡣
⣡⡭
̶һۣ˶ԷкȻ֮ɫƲסͬغҩʣ
жŲ֮ɫһ¹һĶ˵еҩʡ
ҩʲôҩٽһĿҩҩϹŶѵһڸǳΪ˴˵ҩ
ҩʱɳ֮ãҪֿ࣬ܳҩʣӵشϢ
ӵ˸
ֻһִãдǣҪƳɵҩһûе۵ˣӵһ˿ֵۡҩﵽ׾١紫棬Ҫ׵ࡣ
ҩʣǿҩԣ֮Ч
۾ͨ죬Ȼͳǰⶫ˷
˴ִŬƽϢеƽϢƽϢˡ



734 ҩʵ
סСǰƶҩʲͬҩģǶܵٶʮ־ˣرڵصȥɣҪõѣ
ȵǴҰΧסأȻ󡭡˵ţȴָָͣһɢųȵĹâ
˳Ŀ⿴ȥһҩʵĲԶҲһɢ߲ʹâҩʣȥСЩ⣬һ
ҩʣ
ʹĭһˡƫƫ꣬ѹ˵ĹѨбˣڿֹֻǱذ
һѹȣСĵ˵һһꣿ
룺ҩʲͬҩģҪѶȣпߡҪץһŵĻ߰˳ɳɹʡ˷ֿÿץһ꣬ɳɹʶﲻ
Ȼ֪㿴̣漴˵÷һҩʣ
һ仰̴˵÷һ
Ǿһһ꣡ҧڶҩʡ
˶һۣٶ͵ı£ϯҩʾ˹ȥٶȿ磬תۼ͵ҩʵߡ
ǣ˶СҩʵĲǲҩ͵棬̵˸ա
⣡̴󼱣𵴶Ŵ͸ȥ
ҩأͬһ㣬Ҫץסͼˡ
ʱ̶ˣӿ͸Уǿ֪ĵҩпٵƶ̶ʱѾ߳˰ײֹ
Ƴǣ
̴󺰵ӿֱأһ򣬷һӣҩҲı˳շһת֮㻹δüץּ䵽С
ģҩʾ뿪һеȴ˿һ˳ȥһظķ顣
ҩܵٶԶԶҪ죬ÿһκ£ܱҩʱܿ
ռ䣬ʱ˹ŹֵһĻһ겻ϵĶŴطйѴغһӣÿκһӣһ¹װҩûǰĴУֺء
һ׷һӣԭֲĴأƷɡаҩġ
˳ֺ飬ذһжݻ١Ҫ˿ǰһҩı˴ݻ٣϶ܼӡ
ǣȴûɫ˿û仯Űܼӵ飬ĺ棬׷ҩʣҪǺ
㣡ûãҩڴˮҲжݵصı£ҪȻκβǡһ׷һҩʣ仵֮󣬶
һҲˡҩڴд岻ϣǲ֪˶ٴأӴܵ
ӵɣ㷢ˡڷʩչһĺأɨܸоĵҩʾͲڲԶ֮С
һһĴм֮䣬ռΪ֮Ť
ŵǬһһǬ
ĴУӰ趯趯֮һӰ֣Ӱ̲֪һӰı
趯֮䣬һռ䣬Ŀռ俪ʼŤһȥܵĿռ仯һ㣬뵽֮Уռ俪ʼߡŤʱҲŤߡһ޴ѷ졣
ǬŤת𣡡
һһһıڳĴؾ޴ޱȣǵءһǬߵƵģرռС
̿һĻкȻĿռľ޴أ̲סһŤתռŽͨɡ
رҩʱС
ұĺ£رѿաеҩʣʱҲ֮ǰһӴܡ
ӵ𣿡
һָ㶯ܵĿռ͵Ť޴ռӡ̡ͬҩײڿռϣĵɳ
ָһ㣬ӿҩʣҩʱץС
ҩ䵽Уһӿͷ·Ҫ֤һ㡣˽ҩʣҪشΪһƵġ
ҩ֮ʣи̾ҩԼߣ٣صۡ
ҩʹҩȻӵеۣʵȴ棬һܶ
ҩͼУҩһͼû뵽Һ֮УҺȸԾѡ
Ҳĺۼˡ
һ̣ɲĺأҩʡ
㣡æ̼ҩȡˣϲ󺰵
Ӱ䵽̵ߣһһһҺأѵ޿ӣҩʱҲ˳û뵽һʧ
㵱ܵ˲ɣЦŵǬӿŤתǬһرҩУ̼״ϲеȨȱֲڴϣͬɽһĴرķʱҩʱ˳
ӰҩץУ¶˷֮ɫȨȹâҩȨ֮С
ιץסҰ˴æѵһ˰ռ˲ɣ㿴̺ܲ˵
˵ҩʣһһţƽ䰡οĸһЩѾԴˡ
̵ĻһۣûҰæץס𣿡
Ļ޹ľپԼеȨȣ˰

漴ҧ˵ݣ
ڿĵЦЦöЦ޶ˣ欵ģ˳С
һ䣬ҩҪŮаǲˣҲڰģֻһЩĶǿԵġ
С㣡û°ɣΰ٣̽µһƬǽ壬㶵Ŀ˵
´½ûһõģȻǾ˴սϿûд򶷵ģ
û£ôôŹȻ˵õҩʣͬΪʿˣҩǶ𺳣˵Ͷˣǲģⶫļֵ̫ˡ
ΰɫ˷ܣһ·ϣǲժ˶ҩģõÿһֶǼֵҲΪ⣬Ĳˡΰ뵽⣬ɿ˿ƪǽĴأлһЩаܵҩݡ
ϳǲаܵҩݣЩ̲סۣҩݾȻݻˡ
㵱Ȼ֪ʲôǿ켸ֵ˵ջô
ٺ٣첻òˣҩĶҵ꣬ȻΪԵԵ޷ãҪܵȥԻȡҪĵҩˡƾҩݣԼʵٽһ
ܵĽѾˣܶʮ궼ܽһԪʱӵЩȴ߽ݾټ̵ԼĹศɣﵽ棬Ҳϣˡ
뵽⣬̲ס˷ܡ
һǰ߰ɣ̴ʱɫָƽ˵Ŀ⿴ǰﵽ鲼ҩݲͬǣǰȫɽʯĴɽУֲһĸɽ


735 Ԫ
ȻԸǻǷرҰҩݣЩȻֵǮţǰ϶б˷ܵĶǵ룬ܿ͵õȷʵ
ɽϿ֮УһУ˻δӦ˱ըѪɢռ䡣
ͻһĻ˶ûзӦٴμαըٴαը˺Ȼ˳ȥŴյµѪ⣬ëȻ
ף⼸ΪʲôͻȻѿ
ͬˣɢѪ໥һۣеľ֡ʹǣûܷ⼸屬ѿġ
˳ɽˣĿƵĿϿȣϿȺͱĵطû״ɵŹɹ紵
һ˿ߣΰһоļƤ񶼳ˣ̫˺Ȼˡոձѵпź֮ǾȻʲôûз֡
Ϣİһ֮λиˣⲻʵ
Ͽ֮գ
뵽⣬һëȻҲ̤ǰһ
㣡̿㣬Ҳž壬߻ڻָʵҪд漶ǿڵһӲˡòߵܿҪﵽĹѨĺģѵҪﲻɡ
ɨ̽ȥȥЩŨ⣬û״üѡ
ҧҧݣ̤ǰȥ
㣨ү̺ͳֵܼ̤ǰд󾪣
ҡҡͷҧСȻȲϴĴڣȴͬˣžǴ棬Ҳһ㲨ûУ
ϿȣһסĿƵĿ㡣
̸ǽȭͷ۾գҲգĶ㣬촽ҧţʮˡ
СϿţʶɨϰףûзһ˿״㾪ʲôѼ߸˵ʱ
ռ֮ͻȻһЩһ˿ҪƿؾŵǬܷ֡
ĳ֣͵ıȫϡ
˼ˣҲ͵ıֱֱĶ㣬һǷʲôŻ˾ٶ
䡭
˵ĶУ͵ı˳ȥմһӰͬʱһ
㱬ӿĶײһľƱķ飬˵УҲһͬ޻
Ĺ㿴һ޻ӿ˳ȥҲϲ⡣ҳֲĶδ֪Ŀ־塣
Ӵ޻ͱķ顣ǣһ˲䣬Ͳʲôˡ
Ԫ⣡
㾪ڣǰ޻˵ϸԪĽ͡
ԪԪľԪĴѹһƷߵԪڴ֮˵дãԪڣֻ߱ԪľȣԪ׺屾°빦Ǵ֮ϵ߲ɶõı
һָ㶯ӿ˹ȥһԪǣУԪ뵽У뵽УŵѹƣɱѣӿһεѪ顣
㣡̿˲״кȻҲ˲õˣӰһ䵽ߣҪְ㣬ȴﲻ㡣
ͬû뵽Ԫ˿񱩣ں󣬾ͱϡҪֲŰʮһط׭ǿȡըѿˣ
ȻⱩԪҲ¡ŶȻܱԼƿáɶȴмӣӿԪҪ壬ǹŶѹġţԪͬѹ
Ĳ²ܿõ֤ʵԪҪʱ򣬹ŶһââԪ⣬İѹᣬԪ뵽֮УԪԪ۳߲ʹâС
ŹŶѹܿͰԪ뵽ԪСԪ뵽к߲ʹâŨԪľҲһֹ
ⲻҪоǣ֮Ԫ֪
Ǵ֮ϵı
дϲ㹻Ԫ⣬ܰԼԪһֲֿĵز涼Ȳϡ֮ͬԪƿأҲܴﵽ˼ĵز
ٶʮֿ죬ҲƿرȲϱˡһȱ㣡Ͼżʱ䣬ﵽܸǼ¶ûСߣÿ綼֪ꡣϵƿشﵽ˾ĵز
ȱһֱҪı䣬ԲŻýΰеһĻǣ⾭ͶƿҪʱĻۡ츳ȻҪﵽЩǰĵزһ϶ǲġΪ⣬һֱûҵʲô취
ǣû뵽Ԫ⡣Ԫ⣬Ԫһּ侫ĵزǶԪĸ֪ͻﵽ˵ĵز
Ԫĸ֪֮УȻԪƿءܼСԼЩǰǵľࡣԪ׽ȣʱճǺ׵顣
ȻԪʵһ㣬ǲôҪˡ
һԪ۾欷ϵվǰ¶ģ˵ʲôȴɫһ䣬͵ס͵֫Զ䡣
վλã֪ʱһɺոһģһԪ⡣
̼ͬ޻״ü˵ʲô
Ԫ⣡˵
̶ԪⲢϤҲİļֵҲ˵ֻ뵽ոմ󵨵İ񱩵Ķڣ̲ס˵ĶҲڡ
ûϵа취
Ϊ֮ʧȻ֪Ԫĺô
ոǼ߾ⶫڶģ㡣
ͷ˵Ӧǣûܵߣһ㲻ܳȥֻбһ·ߡﵽܣҪûǿǿȣҲֻܱ塣
̵˵ͷһԪ⣬ͷ˵ⶫȻǱûм˸áҵˣΪʲôֻҪĹѨȥˣһܴﵽܡ
ͷԪ벻ܵУʮ֮˾ֻбһ·ǣҪ߳סûбĻǾ͵ԪӣټԪ˶Ԫ׺Ͷӣ£ﵽܲʲôֵ̫顣
ֻһ·ȥжܻš
̾һĶܶڣЩмܺ˳ܵסģ
䵽Ͽ⣬һ˴ǰϿУԪ⹥δܵߣҪСҪȻʮ֮˾ŻᱬǿҪˣҪ뱣סͲҪС
һ仰δܵһǿɫ䣬ǰϿɫҰסǲǰвʣǰĻո˾ǵİ
λһԣǲҪĺãʮһˣٴһܴﵽˣܿסԪмͲ˵


736 
Ȼ̵ĻЩ˳׵ֹͣǽǾ˵ļԪܿסܵջͽò߻ǽϿ֮С
һߵ屬ը
֮̿̾һҲ˵ʲôӰǰټȥһִܣȻ
һ·䣬Ԫӿռ¶Ĳ١㶼һһɣ뵽֮УԪԽԽоԪĸ֪Ԫľ֮䣬ҲܿƵˮ
ҲΪǰ濪·ΣսࡣȻʱʱԪӿռ䱬λ֣ܵס
ȻסЩԪ⣬ȻŹȡࡣ
˲ʱ䣬߳Ͽȣ߳ϿȵʱѾԼ˶Ԫˡʱ㵤еԪ⵽һֲֿĵزҪΪԪһ㡣ʵҲԪĲΣֻҪһܲ뵽Ԫ
̶ʱɣȻȵϱ˵ʮ֮ܵȵҲ˲ѡ룬ʱԪӦò·ˡ
Ҫǣ۾ܸоεԪڵԪĸо·һж֮Сָоʮֵ泩
ٽϿһЩԪ⣬ѾﵽɵļˡУҲˡ
Ҳȡ˲Ԫͼ֮С
߳Ͽȣһ¡ʹǰ濪·ںַǻһܱԪڣҳܲס
յأǧд棬дܡߵľȻᳬʮѹֱǽءΰ̾һ
ڽĹʱ򣬾ͱɱ˲֪ߣֱ֮İ׹ɱ˲٣ϷӡȪԴĴܣԼϿˡ
ǧУµľЩ˼ϵȵȿܽͨļߡⲻǽأʲô
ѹֽĹѨߣܳȥûм⻹ûĺģĺֻôգ
ΰһ߳ϿȣûʯڵߣΰǰһĻˡ
ǰһ޴ķĹĹʣְ뻡״ʮ־ͣĹǺѳɵģκһǧأĹ֪Ŷٿ
ںɵ׳Ĺܣʮֻߴɣΰ޴Ľ𻢵ܣʮֻڷĹܣ·ػŷĹƵģǱʯ۾һʮļ£ʮֻͻ˿о𺳡
ôֱʣһطƣҲԸˡΰ̲ס̾оԼĻҪˣǰ׳ķĹ
ͬҲ𺳣Ĺ£Сͬһ㡣ңĹȻȴžƣƽƣڷĹϿգŷĹ۳ﳤգǵͬѹһ㡣
Ĺأ
Ҳ̲ס̾һĹܱ˾֮ƣʲô
ȥ㣬ǰĹŴɢƣ̲סˡֲ̫ˣֱ
һ˳һ˵ٵȵȣ
̵ͷ˵ţӦþĹѨģеһܶĹ֮СոΧôգôܶޡ¸ǿֲΪʿаĴڣ̱ķĹһſСӷĹƿ֪һλʲôĺУײŹ֡
˵ͷ˵ûв´ʮĹӦöӦʮֻ޻Ҳ˵ܴǸĹпߵûҪͷӦûȰ̽·ġңȻҲһЩ
̺Ļ˿ʮֻͻһۣ漴ԵϢѾĲΡ֪ԵĶҪ֮ǰյĶࡣ
Ҳ뵽ڣԼľָ塣Ȼʱ㾪ķ֣ŶľѨѾԪˣԪ⡣
ӸѨҲתԪ㾪ȵǣǰľֻܾۼռУǴʱľȻȡصԪĵ
ŵһٶȣȻȵϱʮ죬һֲֿٶȣٶȣͻƵԪҲָտɴˣ
ΪԪԵʣǧڵԪĸ֪֮װǧ֮ڵԪƿ֮СԪƿأ㲻뵽˾ŵǬ
ŵǬҪʩչȥҪֲԪ֮⣬ҪԪƿشﵽĵزΪռĹ񣬾ҪԪΪӡʩչŵǬʩչľȴޡ
ŽԪ⣬ʱ뷨ܲܰѾŵǬٴһΡ
һһ磬ǾŵǬ߾磬ΪƸΪ־硣ʱ㣬ȻܴﵽֵزҪ֧һһûд붼롣
ǣ֮ǰŵǬȴľ磬Ǿ
ʱʩչŵǬܰܵĿռӣϵĵ֮УȻҲĪ˽־ͬŲռԼ
ǣ⻹ǾŵǬ裬裬Ǵʼģ
ռֻ֮ܰԼȴˣΪһ飡ΪֶͨΣΨҶ
򣬾Ч֮УһжΪƿأеķΨҶֶΣ
뵽Ĳ뵽ͨľУͿʼ趯ԺвϵĻŵĽݹǸ趯Ӱӡ
趯ٶԽԽ죬ѧǸ趯£ճһֵĻȣ档趯֮䣬ŷĳ֣Ĳ裬ͬһ
̵˸оȵǣЩ趯֮䣬Ȼ۳ط׭
ط׭׭ͬط׭ǴиУŴϢشĵһ۳ط׭ĴУ֮ҲҪﵽʥƷĲΡִУںϣԼ⡣
ʲô
ܶ˺ܾȣʥƷǵǲô֣ϾһͨСǣʱڷĹǰУЩʺϰɡ
Ӱ趯ԽԽ죬趯֮䣬Ļһ׭һ𡣶ԲǰԪҲʼӿ뵽׭֮УռΪ֮𵴲Ϣ
ŵǬǬãԴС磬ɣ
ĺ£Ԫȫۼͷ׭һ𣬲Χռ֮ͬˮһ뵽׭֮УеķҲ䵽С
һûУԭʧһƬĿռ䣬ҲȫʧһڶԲǧڵԪȻûһ˿һˡ
أΰɴ۾ǰо˼顣
ȴڣŵغ򣿣Ȼ۳һ򣿡
𺳣żȻ˵һ򡣶ֻ֮дﵽ۾ܿʼաʱŴܵ㣬Ϳʼˣ


737 
ʱһУ򲻴󣬷ԲǧףпһͬһտĿռ䣡
򵥵Ŀռ䣬ȴ㾪ϲѡɨĸоеκһϢռеһжָơ
УеĿռ㶼ȡζᡣоԼףеһжΪġ
ָ㶯һĳ֣һĳ֡ųһѤĻ䡣
򻨲ƣ񳯷
һ䣬ʱջƮĻ꣬ڿռƮʮ־ڻֵͬʱһֻֻڿռ䣬֮ϣһͷֵķˣ˸߸ϣͷһ㣬Ϊ顣
ۼ˵紦һɾ֮С⸱ͼ㵱ѧʱ򿴵ģһλʦġ꿴𺳡ŴʦȴδԸ
Ǻ֪ʦϧĵʦ˴ӦϧһտĴۣ붯ϧ֣˵Լ
õ֮ġ˺ܶ飬Ƕûۼĸо
󲻵ǣʱֻһͷռһۼĻ棬ⲻǻʵʵûġ͵Ǹ˿
Ҿ񣡡
ͻȻӿһо֮Уκ顣϶ܽûĳ档·Ŵ
ѹ˵ֶͨΣˡʱҾһһ㣬գһͷӵһСһƽϢмǲǻûһŮȻ浶ǹһҲĿ
ŵ갮鶯ƬеŮʱһɳظӿԺʱоԼһ̩ɽƵģʱҲ˲屻˳
գڵϣתŵɢԺеĳءеľҲʼܵԪֻոǧڵԪˣۼԪҲޡ
ͼ֮УɹӿУżĳظС
̵˿㱻³գɫЩ԰ףûһǰǴĿ㣬ɻڸոյС
򰡣Ǵ˵еĶ룬˵Ǵ˵
֮УëΪ񣡡
ǹĴ˵˼˵Ҫӵ򣬾һСëܻΪһ顣ȻǿţҲĿֲ
ӵͨľ裡˵ȻҲʩչͨӵеľ貢ࡣȻֲԶûдﵽͨе
ǣʩչǴĽݹõͨõı֡ʼӳͨ
㣡һЩָĵҩȷáǰݸ㼸ŵҩ̺ʩչͨķѵҪ١
ûпӹȥȻоҩůʶУ˲١
վЦЦ뵽ոֳصĸо̾һӵĸоǺˬǶҲһЩȴﵽ˺˵ĵز
Ĵ֮˵ҪǿĶˡǣȴֻάӡӹû֧ţԶѡ
ӣٰ̾һ
Ȼ㲢֪ҪǱ֪Ԫ֧ͨӣһ۾ͨҪεȿֲļܶǴܾʩչģӣѾǾˡ
ˣܱûкãֹһ뵽еָоеʵܷӰɡʵܱһ˲ŵĵز뵽Լʩչң̲סٺٵЦ
㣡û°ɣһֱɵЦʲô̼ٺٵɵЦü˵
ɵЦ𣿡㿴ǰ欵Ůˣܲɨһǰͦεɽ壬˵˵˴һôܺɵϱߡ
ԼǵĿˮ̱ĵĿһۡ
ϽĨһǣǸոĨǣɫͱˣģŮˣˣ
ЦĻ֦չҡҷʮȻ
û˵ʱ򣬿ôʰ㡣㿴̣ĿƣֱֱĶ
ͣ촽һһϣ³Цݽģܿ˵Ŀ³ʲô
С㣡
һ仰޵ֱҧȻֱŮ˱Ӻˡ𲻱̵ˣ
Ҳϻڻָʵſռ֮дԶ͸Ԫͼ֮еҲӿ뵽С壬һַٶȻָš
ʱƣ޴ķĹܣ۳ԽԽˡЩ˴ʮ֮󣬱ǰķĹ𺳡
ңЩɢƶÿһдܵơ
һ£ܿڣʮܡʮܶǰķĹ۹ơ
½ǿ߻Ƕడ̾һƽ£һܶѵüǣⱦһ֣ܡʮҪǷ棬ˡ
Ȼһ˵ļδܵҲߡ첻뵽ոδϿȵʱˣʱֻаˡ˼˵˼ˣ
óһ̲ס̾һʯ߾ۼߴǧˡߵڣȴֻʣ¶ʮ˲ˡ⻹ֻǸոռĹġ
µЩˣֲ֪жܻųȥˡͻȻſ־壬ĿŷĹ
Ҳһ۽߳ϿȵˣʵżԪֻۣҪʱ䣬ﵽܲڻ¡
ǽҡЩҵˣȴˡ
ͬĸоǰ𺳵ķĹݡ
ʮĹ˸ϵԽԽ࣬ʮ򶼾ۼˣʮͷͻӦֻÿһͻӦࡣһҲʮٵһȴʮ
쿴㣬㻹ڻָʵߵߣֱ˦һԪǣ
ϵүдʱϿɵģһ·ϵıˡοӵܱͨͨľ衣ϻҵ
ǴݣǴʵϣ㶼޷޵ġǵү㹻ˣ
ǰ뵽ʱѧߣȴôˡֻҪԼãһֱүҲǲԡϾϹϵҲǺʹ顣
ѵĴܵλ
ָʱȻʱ̵ȴ̲סһʵĻָҪǿˡ
ѣҲܿÿһ޻¶ӦһСˡ
Ҳˣ̡
̵ͷȥ棬ŵļҶڵȣûһ˸ȳ֡
ͷţҪҲȣȴ漶ǿԳְɡǺ氲ȫһЩ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱܵ̾һĿ⿴ķ
ЦЦ봫Ļָ˵ѡǶڶвȴȵʲô


738 ʮ
ͬԤϵ죬֮ſ߲Ż˵СߴʱɫȻǻָ۷״̬
̵ߣСһ·ϻðɣ
̵ͷĺ촽ЩֻģŵѾûмˡ
ɨһۣ漴̾һ֮ǰ͸ǣԸǰҲܹҡ
˳Ĭ˵ЩγǶڵ˵ģǰҲ
ʱͷܻŻȥǣҪǰ棬˵ˡ߿˵ǿҪˡ
˳Ĭһһ·ߵȷʵջ˲ٱޱȵҩݾͲ˵ˡϿȵõԪõȥΪ֮
ҪյĻЩˣκһŰ˳ɵİմﵽܶ塣ʱѾӵ˷ĻرҪǴʱ˻ȥδһѡ
Ȼ˻ȥҲðٷ֮پܻųȥ룬һؾѹ
˳ĬҲ˵ʲôǰĿ⿴㣬ЦɾͲ㻹Ҫǰ𣿺ǺǣɲݣҲһˡ
ʼ磬˵Ů˶ҴҪǲȥԺҪ챻ˡΪԺ̧ͷˣһǴɡ
Ѫŵʥķ緶ҲգȻоˣҾͲȰ˵ˡ߿ǰķĹҲЩ𺳣ΪҲ¶֮ɫ
һǰεƣӵ˰ķĹ
ߴ½˳ĤݹǿĹȴĤ֮ġ
ߣڸô죿Żߡ
һǰ׳ĹһȣЩϼһﶼˣνȥ
˵⣬߶˶٣ԳЦЦ˵ҲЦǰΪԼʵ´ȥáǿǰ׳ĹȴԼСȴ֮ģҾڴ˴ǰˡֻܵȴű˸һ׳ǰ
ʾӵĻû˼Ц˸ɫأ
ȴһ죬޴ķĹ£ȻԶԶǻǸоѹ֡ʱ˵ĵȴУҲ˵С
Ĵ治٣ÿһĹһ档ʮĳ֣˵Բ۾ʮˣÿһǶܱ꣬дһ͡Ǵ½պ
ڵ۾Ǿ½ĵۻʣߵκһĤݾϵȴͬʱʮ֮ࡣ
𺳰̴ʱ̲ס̾һ䡣
ͬܵľȻлߣЦЦЩϼһƽһѵһ붼ܾһ𣬶û뵽ΪһĹͶۼһˡ
˵仰Ӱ֮ϼȥ
λò
ߵĻ쳹ռ䣬λĶУЩҲ䵽գΧڻߵߡ
Ǻǣϼһ벻Ҳˡ
Ϲ㶼Ϊʲô
ǣϹһ̰㶼ǲЦ
ߣҲᳰЦˣϴųһҪˡ

ʮǿ߸Կһһ֣ĲĻ𶯡
̴ʱҲָһ߶˵߾ǵһλĹѨһųȥͽܣʵﵽ档
̲ס߲ߣһߡǣż¶Ϣȴʮļ¡
ϼһǣԺ˵˵˵ô죿ϹȻûĵһ̲ס˵ĺѣ˵
һ仰˵ǣ˻ҪĿľΪĹѨǴﵽ۾ĶҲΪ⣬ǲŻðս
û˵˵ɡĹʮ־ˣ濴Ļˡһˣ治ҽȥ
ʱҲͷߣ㵱ǸϤ˵˵
һϻź£ҽʱֻһܶѣʵ΢ҲŵõһЩʵ档ʵҵõЩȫĹû̫˽⡣ֻһȴΪһĻҡ
ʲô飿˴
ָǰļͷ޻дżֺȻ֮ɫǽǿߣǿĹУʮͷͻסʮͷͻʵֲÿһͷʵﵽ棬ǿǱʮͷľ޻˺ѵġ
˵⣬ɫЩҰףһ˵һսģʹҶӰ˴ҪΪӰ治Ը
һ仰Ŀ⿴ʮͷ޴ͻһ˵ʮͷ޻˺Ѵ棿ǻģ
ߵͷǰ˵ֻҪǰ׵ڣǾͻѣ
һ۾һʮͷ޻˵ÿͷ޻ľﵽǧ֮Զܲʮ֣ͬһֻȥɱһֻ
һ仰Ͷȥ˱ĵ񣺡Ҫ취õĻͶˡǱһֻͻѣôֻѡֻһ㣬Ҫһǣͻɵģɱġﵽ۾ԳԣĻֻѹסȴܴݻ
⻹ƨһƢŭ
ҲüҪ˵ĻƨֻʮˣԷȴʮͷͻôѹѵһѹһͷɣ
ƺ뵽ʲôĽ͵ҪÿѹһͷЩͻȻ۳ɵģҲҪķҵĹƣÿشָҪķѲܳܺǽ֣ȻȻԭأٹǡ
ȷţʵ
ߵͷŰ˷ְȷ
˳Ĭʮͷľ޻һʵľ޻ܱôǿ棬㱻ʮΧҪ˺ѣҲô׵顣
룺ʵǴܣܸӻпҪͨĴǿϼ
һĿ㣬дźȻ֮ɫĿ⿴⼸ֻ޻޷ǵαġػĹĵܶʵǺεʵ
ǻҲˣˣΪⱻ˰ɣ
߹Ц޽ҪǲͻƣҲֻ·һȻˣʲôߣңҾ͸ң
أʵ
Ȼң
ǺãһһΣ
ô죡ҧ˵


739 
ʮǿߵͷصԴӪС̵ߣһ˵ȵȴԶһЩҪ
һصĵͷ˵ĴȷʵܲġʹನҲôõסġ
߿һ˺Ŀ⿴ͬһСɽľ޻һվһҧž޻ȥͬĻߡ
ʮ뵽ʮͷ޻ߣڲ뵽ǰ׵ľڣԭľ޻ʱ羪һ㣬Ȼվ޻ȻվͬһɫĴɽ޴׳
໡
ʮ޻վ쳤ХХʹԶԶž޻оĤ𶯡ֲХռΪ֮Ť𶯡޻Ǿ޴̤֮䣬ҲҡΪġ
˿ֲƣһ˶Ϊ֮ȻΪܣǱһž̤ܲ
֣һͷֶԸһֻ޻ߴ󺰵ȱбֲĹââռըеһжΪ
໡
ûͻȴ໽һŽɫ޿ſʮֲֿ̤𶯴أ߿ֲ۵ľ޴С

޴ھ޻ϣʹ޻壬Ҳȥ޴ײ֮ϳѷ졣
˿һĻ̲סȻǺεȵɵľ޻ѳ˶ѺۡǸ˵ľĻ֮֮ѿѷ첢ûгãͻںԭľ޴Ҳָԭ״
޻ûܵһ˺ƵģȻ֪ˣǼ̲֮סһ䡣ʱ޻ľ޴βɨ˹ҲӲӰߣܿԷβ͡
䡭
βɨϣնʱһ׾޴ѺۣѺ۴Ŀġ˿̲סΪ֮Ȼѡ
ǿʱҲ;޻һ𣬿ֲ޻޻ܣÿζӲסĹȻĹѿѷ졣ǣڶ̶Ϣ֮䣬Ǿָܻ
ģ
һŭִǱѡǻûĶǵһɽҲܱ׵ĺķ顣ǣ޻ȴһ˺ܶɡ⻹ô
λܹǣţôָǶɵĴˡߴĺХ𶯾
һ仰λһһܿ޻ĹԱֲ޻
޻˵ĹӶβͻޣϵɨɨ֮䣬֯һ㣬޽ǣɨ֮䣬Ǭűһ㣬ŵĪ
䡭
޻βͲ壬β;ͬޣʮֵ׾ĶԱȡɵĳ޾֮䣬ÿζҪѴ߾С
˿һĻһľ߶ǰҪǵĻѾˡ
һƬƬݣһж档򶷱ľأâбռѿĺڶһжɡֲҪһж˺һ㣬ɣ쫷ɨء
Ҫһĵطǵ쫷磬ܰһжݻ١
㿴һĻҲޱȡȻ򶷱ǿǧٱǱϾֻǶˣԼҲûʱȥϸϸۿԼɵĳ档
ǣʱȴۼ֤춯ص̽һ˴ɢľȻڴܵľ亹ֱð
֮Ϊ̰ʵȴǼٵģгֳޣ޲֪ʲôȼı˦֮һļµ
һֲ¡һжΪ泾ռŤ𵴣ƬΪأ۳ɾ޴ͻݺݵĳ˹ȥ
䡭
ֱֱĺͻϣ޻ϳ֩һѺۡ
ӾͲţһֱܵˣŭһ޻ٴɨ˳ȥһٰѾ޻˼
Ǿ޻Ȼں֩һѺۣβɨų޾˹ȥ
Ҳ㲻޺βͽһ߲һ棬Ȼ޻ʤһеĳޱߣ߱һ͵ͻײȥ
߱˹ȥ޻βһɨݺݵĳϣʱײѪܡ

Ϊ֮ɸǺȻѣһѵˣСצӣ
ǣ߱شﻹߣ޻ʱʾȻڿնצ͵ץߡ
߿ת۾צǺȻ֮ɫ¶֣ʩչҪ㡣Ǳһ飬ֲ඼֧飬ﻹ㣬ֻܿצץϣһץ֮£߱˺ѿѪⱬ俪ɢһء
߱˺ѲҽһûмֶþͽȻֹһε弤Ҫܡʱһûб䶯ķĹȴһ⣬ֺߣӦûзӦͱǣͱǣĹ֮С
һߣھ޻¡
һĻ˶ɴ۾̵˶ëȻһɫ֣ɫҰףһ亹嶼ʪһļ޷Ĵ塣
ʲôڣڴ½ԺߣЩǿ߲Ǵ½ֵǿߡǣǿ߻˾޻У궼û£ʬ޴棡
˴Ŀǰ־㷺ȫɢľ޻޸ոսʱģβߡ
ߵҲȻߵʵ֮ȻǿʵѾˣһ˭һڴǿߣʱ̲סһ¶֮ɫ
źıĿģһ̲סĬȻһȺ֮ų£û뵽һαʾȴӢ¡Լȥˡ
һ·ߺãһĬĬ˵
һ氡ˡ̴Ŀǰ棬˵
ҲĬȻһȷʵ𺳵ģԴʱ˵Ǹ߲ʵĴڡȴˣ˱ҡ
ϹŵǿߣȻֲ̫һĹǧΪ֮涼С
һ˵޷ʱϹǺεȻ档ʱʥ壬ǺεȵĿֲ
̼Ĭ㱻صϹš
ߣô죬һֻ޻סȥҪȫûһߴ
һ仰˺Ȼƥһסˡһл·
ߴ󺰵ǸסԼľͿԣֻøס
˵仰гһɢŽƵĹâ
ߵʥ֣̿˵ʥӶ봫ġ
㿴ʥûʲô棬ȴһĿֲ˦֮䣬һбֲӿһ˺ѿռ䣬ҪһжƻƵġ
ʥʱȻһߣӿס˺߸ոսֵľ޻


740 ĹŴ
ʮ֮ǿһ֮סͷ޻һھ޻ϣ޻ϱѳһѷ죬Ȼᱻϻָȴ˿һϵĳ
Ÿ߲ϵĳ֣֮ʯ쾪ƣ;޻һײֲľŰռ䡣ɨһУһһˡ
ѤĹâղϵıâը֮䣬ռݡ޻;Ÿ߼ҵĽ档ûƬͬʱ
һ˿һĻһסĴǰδġһĿתĿǰŸִвϵĳƿ񷣬ŤתǬѹء
ŸȻ˻֮䶨ȻǿʽֻϵĳſռըѺݣޱ׳Ĺâڶɡ
ҲѪȣ޲ֳִҲǰһս֪ʵǰһսֻ·һ

һҽУٴκǡһٴαԷ˺ѣɢѪһأڵ۳ε꣬Ҳɽȥ
˴ĿһĻĬȻʱٴαϴķ緶ҧ֣޻
ʵֲǵסͷͻҲоѣҲ˺ۣ
߾͸˵ѾŲ˺ˣϽȾѪҺʮֲֿ
һս֪Ҫٴˡ̴ĿǰžϴŲ԰ףȻǰһĻȻ
̴ʱЩˣΪʲô̸ʱͻɫ䡣ʱǴܶˣǵδߣǳܲסɡ
ûܹԶɭķĹǰһĴһ˴𺳺Ϳ־塣
ָоͬǰǵһ㣬ЩĻˣǾֻܲ
תͷһ̣žɫҰףǰס˵İɣŻߵס̵ġ
̱§ϸ֫־żһЩҲе˲ʺϣƣɫӰת죺쵰ҷſ
ǱĵĿһ˵ʲô˼ǰο㡣㵱ҹռ˲ɣǶҵµ裡
ŭݺݵĶ㣬³һֵ
ŭˣ˵ãԺҲˣ
̿ЦãһﻹѧСӵвɣ˿ɣҪ˵һԼ£ϻ§
ôģҲôģһ£
Ȼոջȥֱ§§ϸ֫ŭʮҲЦ⣺²£չ㣡
ҧݣѧǸ˵㲻˵𣿡
˵𣿡ܾȵʵǲǼǴˣ
쵰ſң̫ˣһ̫ûԭˡ
ãԺҲˣٴºݻ

ʮͷ޻λ߽һսΪңռ䱻ݻٵĲӣҲһˡߣϵҲԽԽأдߵסеľ޻˺ѣڵ
˵𺳺;ֻδãһ䵱
ĸߣɭķĹԱߡµߣȵסʮͷ޻գһ򶷵ͬʱӴܣܿ޻һ
Ĺâ֯ӿߵĹԽԽңռ䣬ռѷأâǣֲ

ٴһҽУһ䡣⴫ߵ䣬˵ĶһĿǰѾǵˣ类˾η˵Ĵڣȴһڷ˵𺳣޷˵ġ
ߵҲȻˣʮߣѾֻʣˡ͵Ļһģһ
߶Կ޻˺ˡӰѵҲҪ󳾲ɣ
ʱĴ߼ÿסͷ޻ǵʵˣܿסܿϣѪģƤ
գѵҪ𣿡ߵкȻ
ʱ򣬺ֵ߽һͷͻͻȻգصԭأڵ֮ǰ
һĻһ㶣漴˷ܴ߰һͷ޻ſˡ
˵˷ܼһֱ߶޻ѹơһ汻޻ɱѾ˼ˡʱʤͬھеϣ
ͬϲߴ󺰵ټһ޻ֲ˶ˡ
һ˸ǿʵܿͻһ޴ĹǴʱѾˣҪΪܵвˡ
˵ܿڶֻͻҲڵϣ𶯵棬ҡأԭء
ڶֻûжãֻҲڵϡ
ܿ죬ŵֻֻ
ǣʤǰҲÿһ涼ֵܼģһڵסߵգ޻˺ѵķ顣
߿һĻ˻ߣѾڶˣ۾Ѫ졣
̶ʮϢʱ䣬ʮͷ޻ڻصԭأѻͬСɽ
һˣҲֱֱĵգ˵ϡߵǣ
̸Ͻýΰһǰȥѻ̧ȡһЩҩιߡǣĵҩڻ˿ûá
ΰһϣҵ˼ۺĵҩιߡûԼ
߲ûбߺö٣۾Ѫ죬֮أŭȡ
ҲĬϵĿǰһĻʮǿߣʱֻʣĸˡۼǵ䣬˵Ǻǿҵģһˡ
ˣ˵ġ
Ϊ֮ĬʱԶ޴ķĹϣת˿壬ڵǺߵ˵塣
㶨ȻȥȻǸո塣һĻһסǰһĻ
ںбã漴һǣ岻ϵıǣһ
䡭䡭
һĹȻǣ겻ϵļŤǣȴѲ⡣
ǣ䣬ںһ𣬶ںһ֮˲仯ɾ޴ľ޻޻ȫɡ֣ȴϵĹ䵽һС
Ĺʱ׭׭ϵû뵽֮У漴û
һŤɭĸо˿ʧһɶԭĹĿֲ𺳣ͬһ˲ʧһ㡣
˴ĿǰֻĲû£޴Ĺ룬Ļûһšų֣ط׭ƣȫǺɵġ
УŻƿƿٶȲ졣ǣȴûһ˼ġĿƵĿǰĹĺģڿʼΪǴˡ
еܣһҲҪ֪һп־壬ͬʱ
ǿµܺͱǻǺεȵĿֲ졣ֻȥȡ
뵽ոʮǿ涼ֻĸЩ˽ȥ¼


741 
ĹŻƿĿƵĶǰͬʱ԰¡йһĳĹѨٴαһǣһβûпֲб
˿Ŵ󿪵Ĺţ̽ͷпȥȴһƬڡʲô໥һۡ
ʱҲ㣬̲סʵȥ
㿴һĸߣڻָһʱҲָˣȻôȽȥֲԸһֱȴеıܣҲջ
죡˽ȥǴվҧʵ
Ļ˲Ŀ㡣ѯɸ߱ˣ׼ȥˡ
쿴һۣ죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴһ仰û˵ڡ
ЦǴɡȴߣʱҪǿ·Ļٽ
ү㡭
ϳĻЦ˵ҽȥҲãʱҳҲ˽Ӧ
Ļ첢˵ʲôҪĹѨֿ־塣ով޻ʹĴ̫ˣ֪Ĺʲô
ȥʱͻȻ˵
㿴һ̣漴ͷĹѨȥ
ͬʱҲĹżȥȻոΪ֮壬ĹѨ֮еı̰ͬʱսʤ־塣
ȻҲдɿ־壬ûһ˽ȥ
ĹѨ˲࣬žʮߵĹűϣ͸оһɭǵϢ͸̲סһ˸Ͻסȫ
ʮȻʶʱȴ쳣ŽᡣۼһһСȦӣĹȥֻǸո̤ĹŵıԵͱâ֣һ˱͵˽ȥ
һգۼ䣬ȻʧûзӦһգۼ䣬ȴĹѨĸˡ
˶Ȼȥֻʱһ߲ѤĶѨ֮УѨ֮б鲼ƿУǹǡƿ֮еĶ㿴ǿһЩǹÿһֶڱƷҲ٣Ҳҵ
˴һ£ǧָɫƷʤһ͵Ŀǰ̲סʼչ
̲ûвУЩԱĪջ󡣵Ƕ˵ջ󲻴ǵȴɽʯһƷ
һʮйתȴ׹⡣
ף
̴Ŀ䲢̫૵˵Щš
ʿľ֮أô
̵ĻȻˣתͷ̣ͬȣ˵׽գ
̵ͷ˵ţǵƷ߽ܻյաһ׵񱩶ݻһУʮֲֻֿǴıֻ֮زô֣ܳ
̵ɻȴ⡣ϣϻʩչһɭĹءǣȴġڴﵽֲε˵ܶ޷͵ġ
ȻܿҲ˷ף̲סڡʮߣĿ⼯еϡ
Ʒ߽׵ףʹǴܶΪ֮һ̲ס¶ȵĹâиߣҲ뼤ֳָոյõһ׾˹ȥ
䡭
׳һ⣬ⲢǿңɢϢȴ˺ȻƺյĿ񱩺Ƶģܵ¶˰ٶȲֹʵһ˲ڷ
ȡµߣȴıķ飬ĩɢ䡣ҲھУɽ̿ڵϣŵ档
һĻһۣոˣϽֹסոʵﵽ춥壬Ԫ⣬һĺ춥ǿ١
İ£Ǳһķ顣Ǿ㹻֤׵Ŀֲˡ
ǲ֪ߣ»ĲǿĿϣȴʮ־ˡ˵죬ԪǿߣҲǾȻ˾ȥո
㿴Ž̿ҲܵյĿ񱩡ţܲܳĿ
תͷߣ߲ûгֵ˼㲻ɶ˵ҪҪ֣
а취õ㣬ʹӵеҲȥԡ
˵µʱõҴ⡣
üһ˵˭Ҷɱ˾ǡ֣δԪ֮ϣѹ
ɨһ۽һǿߣûзʵԪĴڡ
ȥԿܲȡ֡˵Ҳ˷ܡþûˣһף˵ܰͻڵƿ뵽ԪߡʵǾͻͽĽˡĹѨҲһֻȥʱ


742 
˵ʱǿ̲ס¼ȥȫԪ磬վ˹ȥиոյõҲһֲӳֵϣֱף
䡭
ǣܻδʮ׵ĵط׵ͱ׵۳һ㣬ȴҫ۵Ľ⣬¡¡糤һ㡣
ֱ֮䵽ܣȫȫӿеǱݻٵĸɸɾĩ䣬ȫҲ˲䱻ݻ٣׵ϣԲҽһգԲҽɹɺѪҺǵĿй³
˿ҲһѪһȻĿŶϵգкȻѡо֣ܶһˣֲ֪
ԭˣʱҲֵĿղ
һƬž̰Ϳ־Ŀϣĭ
̶һۣ̤ǰСһ㣡
ţͷһת鲼壬Ų̤ƶȥ
סˣŻ˸ҳ֡һ͵Ŀ㣬رǿ׵ݣǸоǸʲôѵյⲻɣ
ǲ֪ֹһһﱻ̰ס˫ۡ
㶯죬ӿһϹ⡣˿ȴ˿档Ȳϣȥգʲô
ηи̾㲻ϵƶȥĿƣȴ㱯ߵĺ
䡭䡭
㲻ǰƶҲһ׵Ƶ׵˹ȥҪ˺Ƶġ
ʱ̲ס۾֮ҲǵĶһ̿ĿеĻ档
˴͵ǣĳ沢ûг֣׵Ȼ˺ȫҲ׵ǡǲûıѪģ
Щ׵תһȦ֮Ҳʧһɶ
˿һĻ֮ɫŵĿǰֱǷ˼ôܣشܵ׵磬Ͼֻ˺󼸲һƶûɣѵʵǿֵز
̿һĻҲȲѡ¶ϲȻ㣬˵а취ȡա
Ϊǵ㣬ʱҲ˲ѡԭײܳյĹǣʱѾƷ׵ա
Ű˳ɵİհȡߡаԹһ¡
뵽⣬ӿ鲼ȫȵһӿռΪ֮ŤȵɽΪֺ֮Ȼ
ǿɽӱϢһ㣬ѹָҳǰȥȡˡ
ӦԪɡңľ˼ȫԪһ㡣ôܣѵͨϿȵʱ򣬰Ԫ
ܣһܾ棬˼ɵԪﵽ棬ԪҲաڴܣһѾ촹ˡ
ǣԪһ㣬˺Ȼ
һ仰Ϊ֮üȻԸţ㱬ԪȣȷʵǺȻ
ǴﵽԪգҲõסϾԪǿߣҲⱬͰܺˡյҪԶԶǿԪοӵеΪ񱩵׵СʵȻǿȴһȡա
˵ԴԪԪǿߣ˿·硣شοԪ

˵ûӰ㣬һȥҲ׵磬׵飬ϡ
ǣ׵ϣȫ֮䣬ԽԽ١
ˣ
˿ٴʧ׵磬̲סһ䡣̫Źˣ׵һ㡣
ʮ׵ЧȻᱻձƵĺˣڼ֮䣬;뵽ղ׵ĵط
طҲ׵ıһ׵粻ϳÿһ׵綼糤գȻɨ֮ռΪ֮Ť
ֲܰΧһƬ׺߿һĻ͵ı˳ȥ׵ǸովѺһӡӡ˻δüȡĸֱͱݻٳɷĩ
̵ҲԶԶ˺󣬿ŻһƬ׺Ŀռ䣬ĿƵĿ㡣˿ſ꣬һ̲ס
׵ôֲô񱩵ĳϣ׵Űеӡ᲻ϵĽһļ۶ɡֱ׶ȥ
׷ȻǺǿκοֲ׵綼鲻ˣгֵķԽԽࡣɫĻһ𣬻׭׭֮䣬۳͡
СεסԪܶȵ׺£ҲҪش鰡
ǰôоЩ׵ϣ˿áû壬ʧûз֣ûʵ½Ϣһ֡
ѵܽЩ׵ɣ
˾Ȼֱܰ״ǰδǽҩȵȸֶϣ׵ѭ򽥽
ǣ˺޹˼ֱ׵޷
ֱֱĿ㣬ʱָ֮Уһķļɷ׭׸Ƕȥ
Ȼ˿ףȴûʮɵİաοףһʱҲɲġҪЩǰᣬ绹˸ܵס
ԣʱ׵İ취ȰȡС
Ĳϵļ׭ϵıã۳ɽӷ׭һŶ㲢ûгȫ۵ķ׭Ҳֻʮѡ
ʮ׭һõĹŶѹȥ
Ŷѹף߶һױɹɿֲǣŶΪĹŶķ棬Ȼӵеķ׭ٷ֮һǣҲһ
۵ùŶѹ£ױϵСԭ񱩵׵磬Ҳʮֹ
˿ŹŶȥ̶ʱ֮һɫһ䣬һ̲סãСҪ׸ˣ
סһֵģһ˵ߡ

˾ողȥȡҪõ죬һŭ󺰣ԻĿ㣬żվķȥ
һ֣׶зݣ
һ£㼤ȥ
Ҫ䵽ʱͻȻסǰŭȵ˭ң
Ȼվ㣬һ㶣ĻǣǹЦСӵͷɣ㳤ðװ۵ķϣӲƽϡҪȻһʰˣүǶȤ
һ仰࣬ŭĶ˵һˣ˫⡣


743 ĹѨ֮
Ķ˵ӣŭʮ㣬ȳУֱۻ֮䡣֮ӿɹȵȻֻǴܣȴԪԪĴܶΪ֮壬ҽһţ

һ˿̱ϲ˷ܵĿеķȣ¶̰Ĺâ˵ݳޣĳֶ̲סǿȡᡣӵде۵ĵǾȥˡȱǴǿߣҲÿһС
䡭䡭
еķĲϵûĹŶ֮УŶϵ֡ڹŶ£񱩳׵ԽԽ٣Ŷϣеգ׳ס
һ֣ҪȻ׾ͱȡˡһ߿ĹŶѾ˰գ˵ҪǱȡףһ֣ԸѶȾͼǿˡ
һ㶣̲סո㱬һԵͷĶ̡
Ůޣ㻹ǲҪµĺãܱԪҪȻ㵲סǵġһŭȵ𵴶ֱֲ˺ѿռ䣬̶ֻȥ
ųкȻеŵ۵ϢͶԷһײڽµĺϣӡӡ̺ͶԷ̲ס
ԪǰӣĿ͵żֹ˼ɡ
Ů޵мһԪҿǵԪֲֿ˺ȻӸ̾һʵһ㣬Ҳκβҡǣܱȫ
ߣ̲˵ŷȣǰһ趯裬һˮֱԷȥɨ㣬һģŶϵ£ܿҪ׸ӡڹŶС
һ֣Ӵ󺰵ѵԸ⿴С
һ仰һ̲סʮͬʱҲ˲ϧֶȥ
ҧź촽ɨ֮䣬ȫˮӷ֮бˮĻǶҪС
СԷӺһϣ۳ɾ޴ƣһĺˮĻϣˮĻʼ漴͵ıˮա
Ԫֺ飬кȻһƹӣ͵ı˳ȥ
ܵҪˡ
˵ʱһɨ̸ʵز
޳ܣŭһϽ塣ܿԷĴУԵЩǱ
ϵˣ
̱ܿʱڣ࣬һһӡ˹ʯ쾪̴ֲʱûлֵ㣬ʱҲո׵ͷۿ׾ҪŶȫˡ
ȥ
ļĴܴһ¶һƾҪӡ̵ĺ󱳡
ʿ壬ܴһĻȻˣ˵Ҫ
ûвΧ̵һˣ̲ס̾Ϣһĵϧˣһ޵ŮˣҪⰫϸʰˡ
̾ϢУԷİ̵ĺϡһƣûѪشһı֮ʱƮȻ뿪ԭء
˴ͣûзӦĿ̣һ
ôܣŮôܴܳһˣģ
˵ľ죬ҲңĿ̲סһ㡣ҪǵĽջ׭û꣬Ҫ
ǣܿһҲûɿһܵסǶʮΧԪԪǿߣס
㣡ûã̿㣬Щż
ɱĴܼһδ̲סĺٴ׼̳֣̺ȻзȻ裬屬˳ȥ
£֫ͻȻһ˫ֱס̱ŭҪõӡʱ򣬵Ȼ
ɣ
֪ʱѾȡˣһõĹŶŶһ
һеùŶܷӡã
̾»δӡãٴαǾ鷳ˡ
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˵꣬Ͱ뵽ͼС
Сӣ׽һŭ
ɨһۣĵ˵һԪûдﵽߣȻڱǰСС
˵꣬һŶԷݺݵĳ˹ȥһƴӿռ֮дÿռ䱬һ
ܼ״ɫһ䣬ͷ͵һŤܿһơ
ߣ㵱ΪԪ˵Цɣһƾȵң㡭ԷЦ˵ʲôһİȵϣһȵҽһڵϣȳ
Ҫ㣬㻹ܶ˲ɣɨ˶ԷһۣΪм
һĻһ˾ֵĿ㣬ǶûпһĻġոնԷܿһƣΪʲôȵķˣ
ɨһڵϵԪܣȻһġ㲢ûаΪʲôһȷһͨ裬Կռ֮ƿ۳ͨռ֮ݱóɣ
˭ҪģھǣǣĿɨˡ
Ŀɨոմˣһ̲סӡ
ôû𣿡㿴һ˺ߵҵء
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һ仰һ˸Ͻ˺ֲ̫ˣһƾȷһԪôġ⻹ô
ԷԪǶ£ǣԷոһƸǵ̫ˣǿԪ
һҲЩˣĿ⿴ոն̳ԲѷӣҪ壿ҿ㣬ȥԣ
¶壬ŭ۶㣬ȴ˵
ҶǰɣȻҶǱҪɱ㡣𣿡㿴ŶԷ˵
ȥŭˣûܵӹӿȭϣؿںݺݵĺ˹ȥ
һмĿ˶ԷһۡҪûԪǰԪ߿һۡǴʱ治
ŶԷʯƽһȭһ˳ȥһƳԲ׵Ŀռ䶼۵СͬʱԪ⣬ֱͶԷȭͷײһ
ꡭ
ȭͷײһһ˲Уһȭֱۺķ飬һȭԷؿڡؿڸ䴩
һԪС
˿һĻĿ㡣вţ
һԪʵֲǣоȻױ䴩һʲô
ɱ˶෽˦˦ֱֱۣϵѪҺ±ˣǵҪŮ˷һ㡣
˵꣬Ŀɨˣ˶ͷҺӡźһ˵߰ɣ
ͬû뵽ǿ֣ŷӦߡ
ǿ
׼ٴʱȴһָŸո׵ķ󺰡



744 
ԭ׼ǰ̽ĲҲͣĿ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥֻոȡյĵطͻȻһУгְѺŤдֻһ״СԽԽ󣬻һС
ȥһۿȥͷ˾ɲʱ˸оµĺͬŤˮһټС˸Ͻڿնȥͷͽ£кȻ
̵ĺ˿ȴͬˮһŤУ˵𺳿֪
ͬնźϵŤСΪ֮Ȼǣһ֣۳ɷ׭׭תһִͺںϣڿն𣬰
֮󣬱ں£һӵεضȥɢĺ⣬ȫǹӵķģȫ¶ɢϢ
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ͬ𺳣ϱ鲼ϢĽһۣʤ֩һ֣
ʥƷΪƷ̴Ŀ𺳣
ʥʲôǵ۾ǿ߲ƵĶңÿһ۾ƣ۾ֻƳҪƳʥȲ˵ʥĲҵҪǣҪԼĴۿ뵽ʥУͼˡ
οۿУҪٵϴʥ֮󣬲ĳΪʥԣʥڴ˵Ǵ˵еĶ
ҪǣʥһƷһ죡Խ棬Խ۾۳ƷʥпܣҪƷʥȻҪﵽ֮ϸҪٱ
ҲˣҪǣٵҲ԰ٱӡȻҪʥ´ʵҲ԰ٱ
ϵĵƷĲΡҲ˵ʿҲﵽ۵ľ硣
̲סһѹغˡԭһ۵ĹѨ
ϵƵضʣ˶Ƶ·ˣϾҪˡվе룬ҪϵĻǾҪû뵽С
תļУкȻ֮лл·
˺ȻʱĵУһⱬ֡˲о屻ᣬȫӿҪ𿪡
ǻδü˾ͱһʱǬŤתʧԭأһ˲ڲ
ûУ˲伸߱͸ڣ帯ʴһ̲ʬ
˿һĻкȻޱȣȫ԰ססֲ
ԼʩչкȻǰһƬΪŨ񣬼ʹʩչջɵסܾãһӲͱʴ

һҽвһʮ˵סĸʴڷոսʮˣȻһˣŵһ̲̲Ѫɭ磬һëȻ
кȻʱԭͻȻֹͣԭȻʧڿռͻȻּѱɢѤĹââ߲ʹԣȻ档
˼ɢһǿЩâֵıʱ̲סһĿȣ

˺Ȼ͵Ŀǰļѱǲš
찡Ȼǵһġ壡ѣѵ⣬ĹѨһ⡣
Ϊ֮ȻԪ⣬ҩģԼףޱȵĶ˺ȻǣǰȻ˵һ־ѡ
Ҳͣһѵô漶ˡǰȥѣ˵ȥ
̲סҪᡣǣȴһѰס嶯ûôáȿ˵
Ļһ㶣漴һۡ˵ͷվһ߻δ£һȺ֮޵УôǿһѡûбҪðͷ
˾һδεҲˣûһ˳֡˶ĿƵĿЩĵӡ
˺ܾãֱ⣬ٴΰǣռ䣬ŰֳĬơ
˽ˡһǵѡȽΪһ֮Уȥǿߣдܸ߽׵ǿߡҪõô϶ҪǸ
ԣǲһҧȽʵǵѡǶԵģõȻЩȥˣǵѡʹĲٴˡ
ڣЩ̲סˣٴνǴǵûˡҪЩǿ߶ѵǵķ
뵽⣬˳ˣ弤䣬ŵȥ
ԭΪᱬ󲻵ǣǵûп׵ľ䵽С
һ㶣ϾͷӦµĶʮˣ԰ʹ£ŵȥбߡ
һԾҪСǣȴɱס
ٵȵȣûз֣ץǸ״𣿡
ɻ󣬶ȻȥȴǸץŵ߷·һ㣬˺ضһ
˺һ
̾͵Ŀ㣬ȻоԷǵϢǴܿ˵ʵŷ
ʵ;磿̶ŶԷ
˵ͷʱУҶоļµǴﵽԪŸߵĲνֻʲô¡ǿȣܳôֻһ֣
˵⣬˶٣Ķ˵
Ļո£˵ץסߣͻȻըѪɢռ䣬ڿһ
ʱ򣬼ۻصȴдһתٴλص֮Уһ
㿴⼸ۣѹˣԭӡĵ۽ڣ
ԭȶԷʵôļµĵزԭŴϢ۽塣ôһжܽˡǴﵽ漶˲ӵеģҲΪ⣬ôܺʹûпɱԡ
ĶûУʵҲ֣ﵽ˺һҲֻ֡ҲΪ۵Ŀֲһܲסֻ·һ
û壬ȴۣ˵޿ܡʮ֮˾ֻ·һ
˵ı˵Щ
˱ͬʱץˣҲ˵ıЩԭ͵ֹͣĿЩ
㣬ûа취סЩۣ̼ף˵
ҡҡͷҪ׵磬ҵǲ¡ǣǴĵۣ廹ûԼĵȥǴϢ֪Ϊʲôûе𣿲ŪʺңõĵࡣΪҪǲϵĻõҲֻл
Ҳûа취̲ס̾һЩò̲סۡ



745 ɻ
˶ݵĿЩûٸҶˡҲˣЩӡŵĵۻӵ֮г˭Ӵû뵽˭СҪ˭ܳܣǾʹӵдϢȻҲܺһʵϢ봫Ҳ
ǣ˶ô˭֪۵ûô롣ּʱδܵԪ⻹Сԣջûһ˶֡
ϧˣǲ봫
̾µĵ١ǵ֮еĵۻϢĵȴ١̵ĵȻҲӵдۡڵУ޷
ԣܽȴ޷ȫҪȻ˵ԪԪԪһս
ֻдǿߣߴﵽԪԪܳԵõЩ̲ס̾Ϣıﲻɵã۵顣
Щ㲻뵽ŶùŶܲѹסǡһʹͷŶѹסǹŶƣҪǡЩò˶þҪŶѱǲ⡣ðգ
õЩҲֻǰѣòˣҪҪһʺϣҵʵġΨһ̰֮еĵۡ
һĵ۶ڵУҪ򡣿ȴ۽塣ʹţֻҪ۾ܳ׵մϢܳ׵ƿһֽݾߵĽݾ
ֻҪ⣬ŵĴۣܲ봫ĲΡ
ˣԼĵۣվʺԺ룬׼Ȳ˵ۣܲܳܵܳܣҲǺ¡ҪȻΪʲôѵ۴УԼʵ
Ҫ˵ûֶΣʲôʵ׾٣
ҪˣȥɡԤУĹѨܾ˵
̵˵ͷЩʵĿһ̤һȥ
ѻĽһ̤н̵࣬ʱҲŲƺҪԺмƵġ
߻̾ȵĿ㣬Ŭס
СһЩ˵װ˶ڶžЩ𶯡еǾʿĲѧ߻ǺƫŵһϹŶ֪ʥ崫ҲֻΪǰ˱סꡣǵıһЩǿŤ˹
ʥΪŭˣЩ˴߻мǿ߸ˣ´߻ʧȴû뵽ֻĴ߻ֻһƤëѣҪȻĴ߻Ե۾߼ĴʩչһƬǺǧ궼Ҫ
˿̷ЩмҲһҧŽȥȻ֮еǿ߶ȥȡǺαðգ
ȻҲ˲ʡȻȥȡȴ⼸˼ûʲô취ȡ̫ջˣ᲻÷
һڲʮߵһ㣬ߵһ㣬ûɭɭҲû˺ȻĵʲôûСһֻпյһƬ
һĻҲ֣ܲҪĹѨ֮鲼˰ɡҲû˶ɾ裬ʿԹ֪ʲôɱУ
㲻ŵһûߵǣȴ˳ȥʲôбĵطΣաΪߵߣǿеǿߡ
һ˻߹һ㣬ʲôûһ㣬ոһ㣬˾һѹ֣ѹȵ˴Ȼһ˿ûУɭɭĸоǱ鲼ȫ
̱װǰ治ϵȥ׼һ㣬ǾڴʱԭһֵˣȻͻȻ̶ֱ
ɫһ䣬˳ȥ𵽹ϣ˱ĵɳȥڵϣɹѪҺǣȴûʹƵģٴ̺
͹ͬˣһĻ̲סǷطɱһˣһУǵʵҲɱģ
һ仰û⼸ˣЩ˻һֱȥ
ֱһ˦ӿٴ⼸ˣ⼸ںϣͷǹͷѣûֹͣȻ㡣
쵰˼⼸˻Ҫֹȴ㺰𿿽ǣЩ˲֮ǰˡ
һ㶣ۿȥͣ齩ӲѪҺûһ˿顣˾ɲѣ֪ʲôԭ
ٴһЩ޾˺֮ü֮еֹ
뵽㣬˵վﲻҪҪƿҵװץһô£
˵仰弤͵ץһߡԭǴܣʵȴ˲٣ֻкҵһץͰץУȻȼճܻ档
ܻ£ʬյĸɸɾճëȻһĻһӨɫãҧһ塣壬ǸոǸܵꡣ
ȻǶɻ꣡һɫͷ
͡ͷڻ£ӲˣŤյĸɸɾ
÷ոɾ󣬶Żδߺסȫܵס塣
˵꣬Ҳûٹܼˣߵǰ˵СһЩֹĶײУԲʵҪǶײǿ󣬶Էʵӡ㿿ңұסκζҶ㡣
̻ɵĿ㣬ĵҪס֣֫˵㲻ռҽڰɣ
ŭˣ̺㰮Ųšȵȱɻˣֱ
ͣû˵ʲôȴ鲻Խ㿿
ôֹ֪˵о죬ּû
ȻԼһ׵оͰֹ
żȻ˵ǿĶ顣꣡˵ĶֻС棬ȵܿѪȵĻ档
쵰̲סһ䣬һҪռԼˡƫƫԼȴĺˣռ˱ˡ
ǰȥΪѣ԰ȫûߣֻñ˰һ˼Ÿһȥ
ȻǾȵǣʱʱıһ׵硣׵籬ȻܼһɫĶ
ЩͿռһɫǸ£ȴһֻֻպɱĸɾ
Ȼɱˬ죬ȴëȻǴ˵еĹȻϢܶ׵ıǶ궼ɸɾ
ɨǿĸ֪һֻɱһֻһ·׵缤ֱֱĲ˸ߵһ㡣ߵһ㣬ڳһЩ㿴ǰ߲ʹâֶ̲סü


746 ʥ

̿ǰ߲ʹüʱҽ漴建ĵɫҰף˵ϡ̶ۿȥоһ˿һϢ
ײеĶ̾һ⼸˻ٶסԼ⻹ǱڣˣĿֲ
㣡̿һĻ̲סһıֱۡ
㿴һۣס֫㲻õģˡ
սǿǿľϢֻ꣬ҪڣǾûһµġ£ӵ׻壬ú϶¶С
׻סˣ˼ǰĿ⿴ǰ߲ʹ߲ʹط׭ϱã۴˳߲ʹתϢЩ۵ĲƵĵطһȡµŻƣԹķʽգȵ̵ɭһļµĺ
Ҳһʥ̿ű۰ȣ̲סڣĿ⿴㡣
ͷһű鲼۵ȣŬĿһڵĹŶȴŶû춯㴹ͷɥŶûа취ãûа취շʥ
ߣһҧ׼ʥȻûа취õͲҪ˷ʱ䡣ϣʲôܣ
ȻÿϧҲ֪ǵʵ޷Щֻۣܸ㣬һȥ
׼ʥʥǵԸҪһʱ߲ʹеĵȴ͵ļֱ˶
źĵۣ͵һ̣ӿʮɵȫӿ͵۳һ
䡭
һ죬ۺײһ𣬵ĥҲĵ¶֮ɫ
֮
ס壬͵ĿŲȵĵֲۡȴǣأϢһȻռһˡ
ߣ˵ô
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ô죿̿ǰ߲ʹâǰ棬ҪǰһȻҪܿ
㶨ۿ߲ʹâɫҲ˵
ҪȻǰɣ̶˵˵סôۡ
ҲδأͻȻ˵
ţɻĿ㣬в⣬ѵ㻹а취ƿЩ۲ɣ
Կһ˵ȵҳ֣ʥˣ͸Ͻһ㡣
Ȼһӵɻ󣬿ô˵ǵ˵ͷ欵Ľɿ㣬Ŀ⿴һĽݡ
Ӱ趯趯֮ȫİ֮䣬Ԫȫ۵ģеԪҲӿ뵽ģŤռ䣬һ
Ǭɣ
ĺ£һ߲ʹֶȥһƺ¡ʥС
һ˲䣬ʥȻʧ̼״Ҳ˲ö룬Žݼȥ
ʱ㣬ȴ֮У֮ʥֶȥޱǿռʥȥ
ڿռе㣬һƿе
ȻʥʥĽԲȻУе֧ܵ䡣ӿĵ۶֡ʥϾʥ۴ʥг
۳ϣȻһѺۣѺ۲ϵӣ¸˲ҪѱƵġ
ָ㶯ȻСȫʥǶȥȻʧУŽݱȥ
屬򱻵һ˲䱬ըʥٴγԶѾ˽ݣŵңʩչһ㼤ȥ
ۺĲӰϣĲӰķ顣
ܿк²ѡڵ۵Ŀֲٴθ߿˼֣۵εȿֲʥϢûסһ㣬ʥȴӡ
ҲףȻǿھԵ£ƿġ
̸ոռһ۳ȥЩҪϣҲᵽɤӿڣܿһһ
ߣһȥ˵һ£һһ㡣еܣҪһ

һǰȥʱ򣬻һҲ߽аΰˡЩ˽֮󣬺ܿͱͱһ̰ڷ
ߵ˿һЩȻҲҪõ룬վûгǰȥѹȡ
ȻãǴﵽѾԼĵ˵ĵȻܰԼǲһҪõġ⼸ѵȫȥѹѹסǣĹѨ˲Ϣ䡣˷ʱ䣡
ԣǷЩŸһȥ
˼߶һЩҲЩµһŸһȥ
ܿǾֹ߱ȥ걻ɡ
߱ϾǴߣܿ˷ӦԱֲһ߻УֶһֻֻɱΪɻҡ
סԼö壡
Ÿ߼һ棬˰˵
˱ȻɫҰû뵽ֶ뵽ԼͬĲף̲סëȻʱǲŶԹʿ˽⡣ѹϹţʿͳƺΪΪɭаĴڡ
Ŵߴ·һ˸ϵʥԱߣ۱鲼ȣ˷ܲѡаʥߡ
ʥƷͣ
˳ȵĶʥʥļֵǺסҪǣЩʥۣܲҪЩ۵ĻȻܴﵽһַ˼ĵز
ĵǻںϾԼǴߣҲ۳ĵۡǣʥʹﵽ۾ǿ߲еĸ򡣺͵ĵ۲
ߵһȻʥĵۼ䵽Сҵûбﵽ֮ңӿڵĵܶ࣬ȫתطתƵӵУӶΪ档Ҳ˳Ϊһ˵
ǰʥȻƷʥƷߡҺʥһۿҪǲܴﵽߵļ۾пܣ
뵽⣬̲ס۾ʲôϹŶǶһСsˡ
߿ʥȻ˷ܡǻǱ˼ǣǶ֪߶ǿ϶ûǵķݡ
λô˵
˵ʥǰ㲻֣Ҳϲ糢һ㡣ҾͲţƾʥܵסĸ档
仰ߵ˵˵ͷһҧ˵Ϊʲô˳֣Ȱѹ˵Σ
˰죡ߵͷߣͬͷ


747 
˸վһɨһµµˣ̲ס̾һǰˣˡǴʱµĲʮ
һ仰ĸǿ̲סһǶоءȷʵ˸оͷֻۡһ㣬ȻЩҪܻųȥÿһĳɾͿ϶ܴﵽܶ壬żջ񡣿ǣҲ̫ˡ
̾һͻȻһЩʲôվһĽΰСأ
һ仰ýΰͳҲɫһȽ뵽Ƭģһ·ȴûǡһ·գǾ̲סľ
ѵ۾
ɫҲһ䣬С㶼˫ʼѼҪ˫ҪʿʿôҲǣʱȴûзˡ߲Ϊ̽˸һ㣡Ͼǰʥ⣡ǰʥŵʥӵԼʶܱȫʥʥԲܵסġϾǻûи
߼ɫͻȻҰףʵѵʿλ˫ٻ
ߵ˵ͷһλ
˵նɱ۾һҲɫһ䣬ĿŻߣҲˣڣ㻹ʲô
߱ĵĿ˻һۣһնɱ۾˱̻õǶǿ߰
ҡҡͷЦһȻ֪ôնɱ۾ģʱȴֻܱܵʵ
ܣüͷѵԵģʹطﵽ۾ʵƺܲǣطҲһ͵Ĵﵽ۾ɣô꣬δ˵طͨҲ
Ҳ֪ǣۿԪʵľ绹ͣԪһ漴˵̬طҲ˵
߳ĬȻʵѾȻǲֵһᡣҵϼһóһʵ
Ĺ壬˵ʲôطҲ˵
ٻѵûе㳤ƽ𣿡һͻȻʵ
ŷӦϽȡһɫı顣֮һɫĻȻ󡣿ûϲ֮̽ǰ۵ĳơ
ﵽܣֻҪг飬ܵȼĳƣƲϨǴδ
ţѵȥ˸һ㲻ɣǿ߾ȣһ·ûˡǣǰĳȴǣܽС
һǿҪܿʥжѡοһأ
߼̻ţһ뵽Ǹ͸꣬漣ɡ
ְɣѹʥȻ취õۣЩżֻѹʥȻҵ̣̣

Ȼ֪ЩǴʱѾһ㡣һ㣬ûжûɭĸо˵һֵȻĸоһһƬǿգǵ㣬ʮѤѤǿУһľľľֻͻģĻţֻЩѾˡ
뵽һ㣬һգѤǹֶ
֮Դ
˷ܣ͵Ŀ⻯ǹĺ֮Դ
̵ľҲȲѣ֮Դһ־ҪԵĻõ֮Դ׳;֮֮
֮ԴǴﵽ߼ʿ߲ſ۳Ķ֮ԴرԴֻһ֣ŴϢӵⶫ˸
֮Դ˵شȡԴ֮Ӵȡһ仰֮ܿԴҩʣ
Ҫⶫˡ˷ܲѣðôʿĹѨΪ⺮֮Դ
˫ʣʿһ᳤ӵеʣơʺľǣ˫껥ﵽһֲֿĳ̶ȡʿ֮Դȴȱٺ֮Դ޷˫츳ȫչ¶
ʱȴҵ˺֮ԴǴԺƿʿһ᳤ĵͳ
ڱ˻ɺֱԴȴ⣡
̷ź֮ԴǹͬˮһϵӿУ̱ĿǿյĿռ䡣
ͬ޹˼ɵɺ֮ԴȻԵġǵɰٴ˿ΌܣټףΪĻΪģɡ
֮Դ뵽УȻûһ˿һӡ꣬ȴڲϵ׳󾫴
ǿһУ֮Դ޾ӿ뵽УԷٶڱšַ֣֮ڸֹ˽ҲԽԽ䡣
һɻĵطéٿԺһƬָоʱոճһ㡣
׳оʱʩչάáȻһִǣʱȴɵġԲܽһӣ
תĿ⿴һڷɺ֮Դ쳣̣һ֮ѹӿĻԶĹľ
СĿľľû˱㣬Ӵ󵨣ٴ˼֡
Ĳƶ£ڵ˹ľԱߡСĴľľ֮ϵɻѡ
һʿǻˣôŻأ㾪ȣҪ򿪹ľȴϾϹŹʿĹľ㻳ɣľ֮вûϹŹʿʬ塣
Ϊʲôôɣһָо㿴ľ̵ȫָо
㶢ŹľãŹľϵӡǣ룬͵ҧָָһѪҺѪҺ䵽Ķͷϣһӡǣ֣
ͷѪҺսȥڶͷϳһӡǣӡ˸һɹĹâ·ŴƵġ
ӡǳ֣ȫѪҺҲ͵ķʱǣ·ȫ̺Ѫ
оͷ̵ӡǣһƽ£Ұӡ¶ϾҪñ˿Ȼ󴫵һЩϲУǺ׻Լǻˡʱ㣬ʵԱ¶ľܡ
ܣӡǳ֣ʵӣҲҶá
ӡǳ֣һââŹľϵ̵ӡȻȲȴļϡ˵Щ׭̵仯
Ĳ²⣬ܿõ֤ʵľϵʱȻζζ֮䣬ľҲһ⡣
㿴һĻӡǸѪ֮ϵӿ뵽ӡУľϵҲζĸζ֮䣬ľеʼƶƿ


748 ʥ֮
ľ򿪣Ϣûҫ۵ĹâҲûоƣ˵һȻʵ֮С
Ŵ󿪵Ĺľ̽ͷпȥһ۲ûпʲôɲ⣬һռ䣬һۿͷ
ľһռ䡣
һҧҧ촽վڿնŹľ˽ȥȫԪװ㳹׵İ뵽ľСѾߵȻûзĿܡ
ľУǰһˮɽһռ䲻󣬴ҲͷԲ׵ĴСм䣬һɫļ̨̨ܸߣڽɫʯשϵͨ֡ɷ裬Ŵ
ڼ̨ܣվżˣЩףɫͲҰףͬһ߸ʬЩʬ£һЩѩ׵ã
ϹŹʿֶΰɡ㿴Щˡ֪ЩǱġʱֻһ߿վ
ԽǿƳĿҲԽǿĹѨֶΣܵʵǲǽµİ׹ǣܾǰߵߡ
ЩܣҲĿֱֱĿ̨Ҫ涫
͡
㻹û͸涫ܾӰ㿴ûп£ܰΧλá
źˣ
ɬŰӼб󣬵ȴĪϣعŷ򲨶Ƶģʱоȫѹƣһ˿֮ġ
ָо㺧ȻʹǴ棬ҲܸԼǿҵĸо

ûлشɬ͵ٴ𣬴ɭɱ⣬ʱѣȫӿ˸񣬺ë

ڷɺ֮Դѹûгּ֣ľ򿪣ҲСе̣ÿ㱻һڿܰΧ
³ӲĴʣз·ŷ֮ƵģǿʱҪǣȥӡ֮䣬ŵסǣסꡣǣȴɱɫҰף
תѪ֮ҲתϢѪ֮ת֮䣬ӡŹââǿңȴڼ̨ϡ
ӡǵĹâ뵽̨ԭ׼ֵĿ͵ֹͣҳ𺳵һĻ
ͣ۾ŵϴס𺳵ľ֮͵ĿǰһĻԭ׼ֵĿܣʱȻĽ£ΡΡ
ȻҲûзӦҲ벻ոҪֵĿܣͻȻڵϡ
ܵͷ̵ӡǣˡʿȷʵͻŹҪȻôΪӡɢĹ󣬾ڵء
Ҳû̫࣬ȻЩܲ֡ò첽ż̨ȥ
ʱĿܲҶ˿㼸˸ʵļ̨ϡַͨ·޴Ƶģ¶ϢЩϡ
Ϣ㣬оԼڵٴαϴһԭƿͻƵơ
ָо㾪첻ѣͨϣɸоΪǿҡܵԪӿȥϾԪ⣬ûУʵʱ򻺻
ͨϵϢɲϵоԼΪһ塣ִضƿأܷ֮Ƹꡣ
ָо㾪ѣֵϢ˹Чǡ
㶢֣ɷ裬µַ·һƬƵģķУͨȴͬݣͨء
ͨɢĴϢϴ꣬ԪƿͻˡʵǣԪУԪ
ռȻ󣬿Ԫȴ쳣Ũ񣬺ˮԪڣĵл۳ĵΡ
ַɲûг̫õʱ䣬ͰʵԪĲΡ
ﵽԪ֮󣬴ɢϢоϴ񡣿ǣʵȴĲ졣ֻЩץһЩʲôȴʲôץ
ʱ㲢ִ֪ͨʲô塣Ȼ֪һΪͨմȾһЩϢ֮ƿطİҲ⣬Ժ˺ܶ·
ʱ㣬ֵͨľ塣ڼ̨ϣڼ̨һɫƬƬϾ͵һʥ֡ʥ֣㵱ͨĹȴõǿƬʥͬ
Ƭץ˹ȥƬλãˮ
ʲô㷴ĴƬȴʲôǿһۼ̨ϣȴһЩ֡
ʥ֮
ֲ࣬б¶˼ȴɻƬʥ֮ʲôʥ
ɻУԺͻȻһ⣺ʥ嵱궥ǿʧ룬ʧءѵ˵ǵʧʥйϵ
㲻òɣʿʵҲдܣ˵ҪߡڻУһǿߡǣƺΪʥǻ˿϶ҲӡĻˣǲҲ׷Ѱʥȥ
ԽԽпܣλϹŹʿķĹûȫһĹѨȻ֪ΪʲôһĹѨĳʥӡ
οĹѨҲһ˿ϢǲǴҲŻĶǿʥ֮·
ֻĲ²⣬ȴֿܡ
ĹѨܡѵʥ֮
ҡҡͷЦһһ͵õⲻ֪ɫƬ
̾Уȴʥ֮ļ£һͬϰСϸСӣһϲĿ˹ȥ
ʦʥ;֮ͨ·ͨʥ֣̿ʾɣ׷ѰʥͽŲĹлԵŵõʥ֮ӡ֮ʥڼ̨֮ڣȡʥʥ֮
֣ȴ𺳲ѡϹŹʿȻʥͽܣҲʥĹѨһУǳʥֱʡ
ʥ˵𣬿Ϊ˵ǴžηģĻӡǣԤԵĸ飬Լ϶硣㶼ʥһ顣
ĹѨʥģѵ˵ʥ㵽ᵽﲻɣ
оëȻʥֱ£ԼΪ㵽ˣҪˣԼһж㶨ˣ
תһ־ò̫ܡҪʥ˱£ǵΪʲô岻ܱܿһ٣
ҡҡͷ뷨ųȥţʥûǿ
Ȼ֪Ĳ²ǶԵģʥȻǿҲֻץסһ˿򡣶µĸֶ㵽㡣ΪűƣֻײС
ȻʥȻ㵽㣬ȴɵġҪȻҲܳΪĵһˡ
;µһ仰㿴̨˵ŻҲ˵ѣֻʥʥ˭ӵУ
ϽǸɵ۾һ뵽ϽǸɵһλͨƵʥӡʥƷСȫͬǻƵģ˵κ
ѵҪϽȡǰʥ˵ҲɵƾԼʥµһϢȫҵֻʥԼȡ


749 ̨֮
򣡡ˣʱѾ£߸ǰõʥóӿֶλ߱ĵ۽һѹʥϡ
ʥ𶯳ۣ˱ϣ𶯵ĺݻ٣ռݳһڶ
˺վʱѹסʥߣһӡŵۼʥ
⣡
۵еʥ۷ӡʥȥ۽ɾ޴ʥʥѹСߵʥС
ʥߵõߵҲɫһҲ˲ôԸʥߡ
˵ɫã߸Ͻ˵λ߲ҪģֻʱȡѡǷģҪʥۣȫǡ˹ͬõģҪܻųȥ˹ͬΣ
ߵ˵ɫŻЦԡ
һսҲЩƣաǻδüϢȻһѷ졣ΪʥʱȻ֮䣬
ʥϵˣ˵ҲȻޱȣŵĿŲϱǽʱͷ֣鲼ۣһƷʥǣھȻˣεѣ룬ǵ۾Ҳܴݻٰɡ
˿ŲϱѿķǣҲѣǴӹľ֮ԭѤķǾȻ˶䣬ռľըѡڿռһ̨㿴һһ̨ϵı׳ű
̨ɲϵ׳岻ϵĺˡҲڷȡ֮Դһǿձѣĺ֮Դż̨ӿȥȻ޷ͼ̨ǣȡһȴǿԵġ
Ǿֻһ֣ȴǺ
ﵽԪ֮Ϊֲɨ֮䣬ĺ֮Դǣ뵽ͼ֮С֮ԴȻرԴȴҲͼɢɹϢÿռ࿴һ
ʱȥѰһرԴˡҪܵõرԴռ䡣ֻǶԼʵаҪǣܽ⣬һ»ͼڵλá
ż̨ϵı岻ϵĺˣըˡĶû뵽ػż̨ļʬڣʬʵڽڱֲƺɨضΪ֮ž·ѹȡ
ûбոҲ͵ļ䵽ʿɵĿУһػ̨
̨׳֮еԪż̨ӿȥ̨ʱ޾ϵ뵽̨У׳̨Ѽ̨ŵļߡ
֮󣬻ŵĶʮ͵漤䣬аǿߣȻҲ⡣
˼֮䣬Ǿ޴ķĹ滹ʮͷ޴ͻ˳ֵͬʱ̨ڰǾ޴Ӳķظƣȫɺɵľ޴ĹѺ뵽̨У׳̨Ƶضһ㣬ڽ
ڷĹ֮⣬ʮΧһ𡣳Ҳ㣬ϲүû£
仰ݺݵĵ˳һۣͲԼ²ɡ߼ҲĻ˵С㣬ǵһ㣿ʲô
̿һ㣬뵽ʱػֳֵ̨ĿܶĤݵĳ棬̲סѪȡã벻Ϊʲô͵͵ĿһĶͷǳֵӡʧһƽϢһش˵һź֮Դ
ⶫ˾ѣ֮ԴǺߵĸǣرԴģкдֻ֮ԶѣӵⶫںԵȴ°빦ҽҲҪԶԶڱˡ
ѵֻЩ𣿡ȴţĹѨôֱʣܾܲһЩ֮Դɡ
ſڣǻǿ˵ɣ˽⡣
̵Ļ˵Ŀⶼת㡣߿ڵܸĹѨʲô𣿡
ҲûΣټ̨ϵֿ϶˷ˣǿ϶֪
λʿʥĵӣʥ޽ĹѨһĹе̨֮ܶУʥֻҪʥƿ
˵⣬˶˵˭ʥ
ʥĵӣ̲סһû뵽ʿͷôʥһˣҲǹŽһʥӡѹֱʡ
ȻʥҲ˺Ȼвʥһ壬ΪõһЩƤë׳󡣱类Ѫ塣ֻǵõһЩʥѪѣ
һ˶ĿȵĶż̨ʱļ̨ѾѷĹĺˣҲϵ׳İѻɽҲơɽƣضҡĹ˽˿ͷĴԼµľʯܿµľʯͬʱҲӰ䵽ɽ⡣
˻ɽУĹѣӳĶʮϲ
Ҫûһ̨ѻɽƣƵضԭ·صĻ֪ܻܲųǣż̨ƻɽӵһ
ŴܣҲûдܽһˡʮ̲סӵޣͬˣǻȴֻˡһеΣնܿˣǰһĴ½
ǵõıҩĶ˵õԪҲõ١δܵߣһܲܵĲΡﵽܵǿߣŸ߼ԪԪܶ嶼⡣ǰ棬һ貵֮·
ʤ֮꣬˵ܲ뵽棬Ϊһ
㿴Щӵ㲻ɿ̣ſһЩˮ鵽۾ϣ欵Ľͱ˹ȥءءڻųˣһûû
Դʲ壬һһһ㣬ԭΪԼһģͬ飬˵ľ˵ͻᱧͷһǣû뵽ǣ㻹û̾ţǰһһ߹˼
㿴ŶԷȣ΢΢һ㶡û˶ԼĶתͷס̵ȣʹĲһ±ӣнĲ̵ȡ
û뵽Ȼᱧס׼˵ȣӦʹҪ㡣ȴţһѱһĲá
̼㲻Ħȣ̲࣬ס쵰
ˣԼôȥҪˣӦֱӱܿ
ȵ㣬ȴٺֱЦŻҾˣͿ޳ĴˣԭҲᣬ벻ԼҪԼռռˣǾ̫Բǰѧˡ
㱧̴ȵʱԭļ̨ڲϵ׳ɽ壬ֱ֮Уƣ
໡
żʮͷֵ߽ľ޻Ҳɽػڼ̨Աߣ߿ϡ
һĻ˴͡öǿ֪Сɽһͻȴۼ涼ɱ


750 Ȣ
ֱֱ̨ڻɽϣֱʮͷͻɢļµϢܡ̨йɹ޻У޻Ƶ۾ɨܡȻ˴ξ޻Ѳ֮ǰԴԴϵ֧֣ǿ϶һֱ״̬ǰǿܰǵľ
ߵ˿ʮͷ޻Լ̨ĿܣһʥﲻܵõġƾʮͷͻǰȥҲ۾뿿̨
ߵ˵ͷ̾һ߰ɣǴеõĺôҲ١ȻǵĶǾͷɡ
һ仰üߵ˵ͷϧϾҪʵǾ᲻ʥµ
Ժķӿɡʥնϼһְɡ̾һһƬҪΪǷ֮ˡ
ߵ˶һۣѾѪɺӡϼһˣһҪɹˣΪ֮
߰ɣһǿ˵ǲôһֱȥ̲סʥ⡣
߶Żߵͷ漴һվߵ㣬ͣһ漴Ӱʧ˵С
뿪֮λҲӰ뿪û׷ȥȻʥУ˻ãȻ˵ԹͬʥǾͲʧοʿܣҲ׵ǡ
뿪߿˵׼ȥҪûطĻǰʿųǣ
㿴һ̣ȴҲĿת˺촽еǳҪչزݲʺϵ߶ȥʿû˸ȥɱ㡣
ô˵˵ͷŻЦǾ鷳ˡ
߹ЦǰųǣҲһɡο㻹Ǻص۵ĵӡ
һӣֻѻǣ̤գ˽Уڻѻǣ£ʧ˵С
˿Żߺ˶ʧĿ⿴һ̨ѹס̰ϢҲӰ뿪ĹѨеõĺôҲʤҪչá֪Ժǵһ̹;
ͽΰҲŹųǵķȥֻһչ֮ǵƿʱоԼҪͻˡ

ԭֵĹѨͻȻļ˭ּ֪ʱģֻҪ̨вʥϢȥͻ𶯡˶
ڻߴ£ûл̫ʱ䣬ͻص˹ų֮С
ϴųǲֱͬӴ˹ųǵĺΧŮǰд㡣ֻΪűչزã֮󣬾ǰȥչء
̻صųҲҲ֪æʲôҴ뿪ټһС
ҺãŮķ̣㲻оİĵʱŮЦŮ㿪Ц
̲ͬ㲢ûбչԼľ磬ÿڻߵĸۡε¡ЩŮȵǣһһ䣬ӵһķâ¶ƽ棬ת֮죬Ǹо治ѡ
ʿųǵĺڻɭϣԭҪȥһ̣߳ߵĸۡͱʿͿԷ˼ҵĵϣҲ÷йֻڻߵĵϡ
һֱһܣһ֮󣬻߸ۡһꡣ겻ҲСŶʮңͷһа׺ӡǣӡ֮䣬ŹɹܣȻ㲻ʮӢ׺ףȴ˼޵
㣿ɱ˵۾Ĵڣһۡ;ӸµĿ㡣
־Ӹµ̬ʮֲˬѯʶԷ˭ȴŮ䣬תͷŮͼŮʹɫ
ʲô飿
ŮѯʣŮЩżˡҲ˲Ű׺ӡǵ꿴׼ͣǹĺĵӣʿһĺĵӣӵкѪ֮ʿУҲϺĵӣЩĺĵӲ١ʵֲ
ɻĿŮʮֲ⡣
ʿк֧ܶǵʿľͷ֮һźѪĺĵӿĵӡһλǺ׹棬ȻܳĺɽͳмѪ֮Լ峤ԴİʵԪ߶硣㲻Ҫͻ
ŮЩģЩøеġһȻڻʱʱϷһǣĵҲءԣǻкøеġ
ŮĻȻԭʿ̫ӵһʵ̫ӡֻŮ˵ֻԪҲû̫ϡϾЩ̫ӣʵﵽҲ֡ԪĹĵӡ統ѪӣȻһµȵĹ壬ʵҲԪߡδԪͲ
׹ȻŮĻŮĻɨŮһۣŮѣ˭ֻԪѵû㣬߽״ϯֶһʮǰﵽԪ
һ仰Ůɴ۾Ŀź׹棬ŲšԪԪȻֻһԪ֮еĲȴ칵ʿĴҲǧ
ҲһԪǿʶħĿֲˡ˺֣ɱ˲١֤ǿʱʵĿԪԪȴûжġ
ѹˣԭʵ˿ֲ
һŶԷ˵ʲô
Ȼ˼ɣǲ
ʦòܻģİɡ׹Ķ㣬ŭ
㵲ѣ֪˷ʲô裿ʲôʱҪԼˣԼʲôʱˣⲻǿЦ
ô˵ΪһŹʿ᲻ӭ㣬㣡׹
ʲôˣǻǰģġһʮֲ׹
󡻹ⲻɣʦǲܼ޸ġʿеĺĵӣܴӦİɡ׹Ķ㣬Ҫڱ֮󣬲źڡ
ЦЦвοʿᵨӣǶԡ
㡭׹ŭ㣬ݣ̲סһԪʵûС㲻öҵҶΪҿ
Էô˵ͫ͵㲻㵣ģ
Ҫ֣ͺսһҪˡ͹Զʦá׹˵⣬ɫǺ죬ʦǲܼ޸˵ġ
޷ԷΪʲôҧԼҪȢ̣Ҳв˵ʲôȴ͵һĵ׹棬˵˵ʲôǹ
һŭ£һ欴ǧĻ󣬳˵ӰҡҷΪ֮ԵĽͺ׹ǰ



751 ƻ
ȻܹģһؿڣĿ񶯣һĳ죬ʤƻս޳ʮ㣬ǰȶ˵ߣīƵ㷢ţ̬֮ҧź촽һü޼ӡʱĽУ𱩵ģͷ欵ջһĵӣ۲ת䣬Ȼɡͷջķ顣
˫ĻöӴżŭ⣬ź׹ȵ˵˵ʲôûʲôˣ
̱ŭ׹ҲЩݣ̵ֱ۾
̼׹ˣǱŭ˵ҵ鲻ܡǲҪ顣
׹汻һȳ⣬˼Ŀת㣬̺ȵѵҪ޸ɣȥһݣ㣿
̱ʣɫ糺죬Щ߳ŭҵ鲻ǹܣòָֻţҪ޸˭Ǻ¡
ã׹汩ŭһȵҪȢ㣬óıǴ˵ɱ˵۾ǿǾͺҴһķڷôҺͺΰ
ŭظһ飬ʲôѡҪָֻšǲУԺҲУ
׹涢̣վ˵ʲôתͷ㣬˦һݻҪˣսһ㡣
Ҫߵ£׹һӰʧС
׹뿪㿴ĴִظҲһһ̣ʵô£
ԭݣʱҲ͵ĺͶѯĿ⣬Щ㣺ûʲô飬˵
ЦЦĿ˵޷粻ˣܲҡ˵һжǺ˵ɡ
Ǻ˵ǿ򶨵˵ֻעУϵ
ȣҪ޸Ҳǲ԰㺦ʲôȻҪҡ͵Ƹ񰡣ٵƸһǻῼȢġ㿴Це˵
쵰Ļ̾һ˵𣿾ȻҪԼƸѵԼ޸ɣ
ߣΣҾԲ޸㡣˭˵Ҳûáŭ㣬аǸΪϲʦ͸ˡö˶˵ξ鳤ԺԼ¼޸ء̲ŵǣԺļλͷȻԴҲԡ
Ƕİɡз̰һôҲ벻ͨΪʲôôȻҲ²⵽ƺйϵֻǣʿȻȲңҲ쵱Ĵõʸ
ҪǣСҲǺѡȻǿ󣬵ǵҲ̫ˡʹѡǺҲҪࡣ
벻ʲôǸΪϲʦͻȻ뵽ôһ⡣ʱҲˣƢĺ׹У̲ס˹Ը㡣
ʦҪңʦǺ۹ġЦе˵еǲµİ˾ŲʮϾŮ˲˵Ҫ޸Լһĳ˵ˣ˵ģȥʦ벻˭رǣλʦΪϲԼҲʶ
ɫ˺죬һ㣺ʦû˵
ʼ磬жʱ˽һšЦдȢŮ󵱼ޣҲûʲô˼ġȻСһ㣬Ҳˡ޸ţ۲ݵɣҲںҲû˵ˡ
˵ʱһܴȵı飬ƺĲͱġ
һ仰̿ЦáԼǱꡣǶ֮˵ʲôʮ꣬Ҳ֮ܿˣഺפҲǲڡǣ쵰Ȼ˵¡
˵̲ĻˣҪȻ֪Լ˵Ķôȵȹƻ㣬㲻Ҫ˵Ļһ顣ں׹ˣ͸ҪˡǱ˰һҲ˼ս㡣
仰泩Ů˻ǲģ֪վԼһ˵ԼӦöһ㣬´Ƹʱٸ뵣ǡ
ҡҷ뿪׼ȥϷһ߸ۡŮǣոջصۡͼߵĸۡϣһߣϤʽǸΪϲʦ
ٺ٣Сӣ벻ּˡû뵽Ȼҵʿ᳤ٺٵЦתоëȻֲõԤС
Ҳ룬תȥǻδ߼͸оһɿֲԼסô
ָ䶯ʹ۳ط׭εԭء
ٺ٣Сӣ㻹ǱΪʿ᳤ҪûһʵҲȻλײһʰӣȴǿԵġ
ʿ᳤˵仰оϵٴһоԼĺѣܡ
һбġӶԷ仰У֪ϼһһĸг˿һȻǲ׵鷳Լˡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫף˭ĶӡϷ򲻹ѵܽѵһӣٺ٣ʿ᳤ٺٵЦоԼٴαĽģҪġ
ϼһӲȢͽˡͻȻŭһʵ벻ʲôвϼһģֻԹһ䡣
벻ǣһ䱧ԹȻˣһ˲ͻָɣԭҫϼһʱ䵽ߣǴЦ˵ô˵ԸȢҼˣ
һ䣬һȢá뵽ϼһı̬סˣϴЦ˵Ȣǲ⣬ֻܸΪʲô𣿡
Ϊʲôϼһһ㶣漴ŭϷıͽ绨񣬳ͬһ㣬޸Īĸ֣ȻΪʲôСӣͺ˵һ仰ȢǲȢߣϷѻˡȢҾһˣʿסİȡҪǲȢߣϷͰ㶪ǺȥǺ˶Ȥǿҵ϶ͷ
˵⣬ʿ᳤ЦЦе㣺ҪҪӵһ绨ŮˣҪȥιǡ
㵹ǲ̵ĽȻ󡣿ǣ㱻ôһвܸоųıԸⱻƣҧŲɿڡ
Сӡ㲻˵͵û취ɣϷȵȾͰҵıͽܴζ㴲ϣһЩҩߣ췹㻹ôϡ
ģ۾һʿ᳤˵Ҳ˵㵱ɱƭˣ
ţԼǲһЩ
Ȼ㵱Ϸ˵Цɡʿ᳤㻳ŭߵ
ߣ䲻㵱Ϊ㲻ɣб죬һͲˡȻ˵ڣӢš
ããԸ㸸ףһԷСӡʿ᳤Ĵӵ۾ˣ˵ţϷ˵ҵʱʲôҾܾ
㿴һۣΪӣȴ˵ƣöԷըˣ



752 
ĿɿڴУʿ᳤Ȼˡ뵽ʿ᳤ΪϲĸֻΪ۾ŹâѵһŮ͵ԼϲɡȻ󡭡
ҷȱ̾һԼ˵ֹģ˺ݻģҪô治ԼĴ
˼źֲ롣ȵԼװ˯أǰưͣҲΪѣϾһͳˣȻʿ᳤Ҫ̬ġ
ţȵҪǶԼǿԼͷºˡأðɣǾ°ɡʱûҲֲҡžģһҪֳ䲻̬
뵽⣬үŷȥ׼ȴʿ᳤ѹȡȻ޷ĬĬܰɡ
㼫ίĸ̾ţڷʱ䡣
ʱһĹȥȴûеȵҪġû㻳һҹȥؿշѣϲģ֪ˡߣ䲻̬ȻԼֵĻᡣ
ߣѵͽջҲɣϼһͽܾѹǰῴһۡ
дͬʱҪһ龰ԼĲֻһۡ
Ȼ龰ûзֻƿȴ޿κΣڷƲִһϵ㣬̤߳ŮʣǸûп˿˽ķ䣿
ү˵ʲô
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үûհɣŮģүﵽ˴ˣôᷢա

Ů˷Ӧ֪ûǰˣʧܣ˼ΪϲܳףȻͰˮǶ

ŮүʲôƢҲʡֻ뵽ոԼϢſڻ̲ס˵үȵʲôϢҪŭûǣ
ţɻĿŮǲ仰˼
Ůһ˵үȵȾ֪ˡĲҪ嶯ҲҪ
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ڻߵĸۡУŲŮҲл߼ĵӡʱЩȢۼһ۷׷ס㵹͵˵ֻΪܵĿϻۣһжС
У֪׹̨ӵܲˣֻһȺͷڹѡ
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ǶҲʶѣ϶ʿᣡ
ţǰɱ˵۾塣ڿҥԡ׹үȥ֡ɱ۾ֱЦ

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Һ۸ɡŭˣ˵ļɹˡ׹˵ԼҲϾԪͺ׹żؾ롣
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˵ûʲô׵ܴˡȻƽҲܴ塣ǣִȴʮޣĴֻ׵£ܴﵽЧ
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ȻҲҪԶԶǿˡʱñ˶оȻǵĴЧ
ĲϹ壬ҲǱʡǣĵ壬;ηĵ塣



753 Ψһս
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׺ȻʹɢֻʣһӰ˿ķĽ壬һɴ۾о˼飬ǷĵܼǵԤϡҪǣʱɢĹļµĸо
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ҪںϵĶ࣬ͻһҪﵽĵزҲ˵ز˵ʮ߶ʮͻơҲƵԪƷĲΡ
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ȻԶͬȼߵʵͬģͻҪѵĶࡣԼҲҪѵĶࡣѶҪǿ˵ʮʮ
ԼŵŹŶ۵ľԼٶȼӿࡣǣΪԼҪԶԶǿˡЩİҲǿͱ߳ƽѡ
ԼҪٵĳɳ׻֮֮ءǣؼƷ׶ֻԼһԪұף
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Ҳһͷڹ̨꣬ͷðһҹ治ֵһᡣ׹ЦЦ
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Ϣȥ֪ҵˣʿ𣿾ȻȢС㣬ֱΡ
СӦÿıˣ϶ٰһˡ
ǰСô޸һͷڹꡣүˡ

˵֮ûĶУɫʮѿֽʵĶҲ˵ģ͵һ漤ռ䣬ļȥ
챾Ҫϵ㣬һҵʲô¡
ŭ˸оĤ𶯣ȻĿһֻһӰ˳С
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Ųĵ㣬˻ûӦʹĲ˲۾ȷΪͷڹԼˡ
˷ܣֱֱĶ㣬ԭΪ򲻳ɡ벻Ȼ֡
үſʿĹܵǵġ
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֧Ԯһ浹㵱Ȼںź׹˵Һ˼ɣʲô鶼Ҫ۵ġ
׹ЦΪ㲻û뵽㻹мġͣ͹ͣǱҪ֪ʿˣǲ޸ҵġһ䲻ʿĹ
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ôĿҪȱ첲ȶ뿪ˡ׹Ҳŭˣȵ
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裬Ψһս
һգճ𣬿ź׹˵ҿûʵҡ
׹ͬ˷ܣôΣǱʱˣ롣
ǰ꣬Ҳӱ˵Ŀ˵ʵδԪԪûдﵽʵ˵Էмֵġ
ǣҲֻǵѡȴЩɵδԪԼһսȫҳ顣
챾ͺúøһΣӦõ͵׹涢㣬ӿأϣûдãΨԼʵܸǣΨԼʵŻñľη
˵仰ʱ򣬺׹ѹ


754 ܾע
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ԪƺεȾˣϯһɽҪѹ顣Ϊ֮ȵǣȻܣҲֵѹϣȻûжһһӰ졣
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Ҫôǿ󣬲ܿסơ׹治ţһԪûдﵽˣôӵǿȡҲԶԶ簡
ߣ׹һͷİ׺ӡ֮䣬һӿ׹⣬׹ӵԪһֻ޴İ׺ף׺չᣬȶ֮䣬ķХĪŰա
ǵ罭ӱڵһʿΪ֮͵ĿŰµԪĿֲɽ׾ٰɡĴߣ˿ȻĤݣηˡ
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㲻˵ѿռܲ͸㶼ܱܿ𣿽ҾҪôܿġ׹涢㣬ŭ⡣
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ǰԺ׹үʵצڻ£ÿһʵҲֲ϶ס
׹үҲ湻ļģδãͳֲĴˡ

ĿƵĶգǿʱľѾ˰ıԵˣܼĺצ£ѵܱܿɣ
ܲκʵǿôĺ׹ȣ
ܾѾע



755 ˭ʤ˭
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ɨ˶Էһָۣ㶯㵱ΪҾͱذܲɣ
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צǶ£ץĲӰϣһ޴ı֮Ƭռ䶼ԭΪ޿ӵ㣬ȴ䵽ռۺУ뿪˶ԷһеĹ
ĺצ֧ĲӰһ͵Ŀվں׹渺ֶ㣬ʹգգ۾Կռ֮ƿء
ڱ˵ܲ͸ĹȥӲޱ·ߡȴͬһ˫漣ָ֣֮֮䣬Ϊһ·
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׼ҵľҲ㲻ǼԷ
׹涢㣬ŭһȭʯ쾪ֱҪ
Ǻһ׹һȺϣգƣӰȴһ
׹ͫ͵ٶȳԤϣΪԪٶ¸оıǿƵʽմһƬ½ǡ
쵰
׹һ䣬бŭѣһԷʲô
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׹ļ˹ЦЦ֮ӿȥЩʿĵӣѹ̧Լ
ɨЩһۣ漴ź׹˵Ȼ⼤ܴףǲòϣɹˡͽΣ
ã緶׹Цצһıָ˵ҿҳȥܵı˵֮⣬ʲô¸ʿҫ
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׹û֣һ־Լʮɵ
㿴ŶԷ趯ȫҲޱع
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ӰĲӰһķ顣
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˵ʱ򣬾뵽ıǾУǾʱ׹ԭٴαһֲ֮֮һ㡣
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ں׹Ļ£׸壬Ҫɢɿֲһѷ۵ͻг֣һ˲䣬ͻҪԷơ
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ָ㶯һ׵籬ͬʱԼʩչʮջʱ㱬ĽջѾʮֲֿˣǴһҲܵס
䡭
һУ۵ĴڱƣڴбƵͬʱľ䣬Űܣһжķ飬һ̶ҪƵġ
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׹Ļ£ͺϣ˼״һ˷ܲѡ
СӾһЩվԪ֡
Сӣ°ɣ׹ͬЦС㲻ġ
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ܣ
ֻԭӦõµ㣬ȻӰ׹棬һƴֲˡ
˲ţۿ㱻ǹϣûдǣôܱʵѵĲԼǿһ׹棿



756 ֮
һֱ׹ϽֻܿʱԵЩǱԭΪѾˣһս֮ǣ뵽һûش㣬ĺ
׹ܿһƣȴȻбֲ׵磬׵ֱ׹ֻܲܵ˹ȥ
䡭׵ײһ׵类ķ顣׵类ķͬʱһҲᣬݺݵӡں׹ϡ
׹汻һƺĵɳȥݺݵҷɳȥͬҽһھϡ

͵ײһ˶Ĥһ͹󣬷ӦȻܵ׹ߣѺ׹󺰵ү
׹ͣ˼£ɹѪҺӿӿĶ㣬ʮֲʡ
ڻûףΪʲôԼһû˶ԷԼɾ裬Ȼ֣Լˡ
ҲţҲûˡ׹Ķ㣬еĲ¶ŭ㡣
ɨһۺ׹棬ĵ˵һܿܣֻ֪ʤˡǲɹʧɵĽ޹ء
˵ͬʱҲƽϢѪȻǿǳܶԷһǸһ˺
ֻһжֵˡһйöԷԼУܻ
׹˵֮䣬һڿѪҺӿʣʵ㣬С̫ˣӲôû£ѵǿֵز
ɡ㶢ź׹浭˵ʿҲˣԪһԪʰˡǻʲôң
㡭׹ɫҰףҪ˵ʲôȴȵ
ʲô㣿ѣҲ˵ҾͰѻˣʿС㣬һҪˡ㶢ź׹棬˵˶٣һһ˵ҺΣ
һ仰ú׹Ҳ̲סһѪҺӿӿ
׹ŭˣӻȡһžӨ͸ĵҩҩ֣·Ű׺ҩΪ֮
ⵤҩ֣ź׹ɫһ䣬ֹ׹溰ү㡭
׹ץ֣ŭȵ
ү㡭׹ĵӼˣҪֹ׹档ⵤҩǺ׼ҵҩҩܼ׹Ѫ޸һˡǵҩЧȥѪ֮ȴĻֻƸӼأԼ׹óĵҩЩˡ
׹治˶Էֹѵҩȥ׹вʣʵ㣬ǱԷˣʹƴϼˣҲһҪʰ㡣
ҩɽȥ֮󣬺׹ͷӡӡ֮䣬һѪ֮ӿֳɫҲĺԭҰ֮ƣʱȻɢ
ں׹ҩҩպվĶ㣺˭ʤ˭ܣδֳʤ
оȣû뵽׹ոշõĵҩȻǿڵĺ׹治ֻûһ˿һƣƻһЩ
ĵҩ㶢ź׹棬ܹôԪָܻ˵زĵҩҲеƷ֮ϰɡ
ɻܡ㶢ź׹˵ʿ᲻ңǲ硣ǰ磬ɲ硣СȥСѾչʿˡ
ļڿ಻ֻú׹ŭĿӣҲŭŭʲôҲԲѡ
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ȷڵصߣһܶʲôʸͱ˵ٸҶһ䣬ɱ㡣
ԵĻŭĿӣȴû˸˵ʲôˡ
׹Ȼ޹˼ɵĳʿˣŭһȵʲôҲʿˡڵ󣬱ͰǱÿһš
ǣʿӱǿӲԵŭں׹˵ʱ򣬸Ա÷ϴӿź׹۶ȥ׹ʵȻһֲֿĲΣһ̣Ƴķ顣
׹ȻԼİ㣬ҩЧʱơҪٶŵĻԼ»Ҫܡԣ׹ͽʿӵ
ɴһʰˡ
Ȥһ򲻹ѵһȺ𣿡㶢ź׹棬Ц֮ɫ
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㿴ź׹棬ͻȻðһ仰һʿ߶ŭĿӣһס
үСӣ
үŸʲô
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ֲ㺧ȻʱҪԶԶǿ֮ǰûаյѡ˱ܿ
վ׹һվֻ֪Ӷѡ
˭Ҫˣ˵һǡһоˡΪԪʵ𣿸ոգֻǶء
˵ʱӡһǣܿռ䣬һ󺰵֣
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׹溧ȻŬʩչӡҪصһ˿ȴ֣еһ˿еһзһѹƣһּųС
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ÿһ𣬿ȴӰ˵ʱ򱩶һɹг֣ÿһֲ˦λʿӡ
ʿӲţ֮УǾͷ·˫ֵˣ޷ϣһҽ׳򣬺ݺݵˤڵϡ
ڶӣȻһжûסͱ㶪˳ȥ
ʿٶʲôã˶ࡣ
ں׹溧ȻʱĻٴ𣺡ôʣˣһп
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757 

һ죬׹汻׳˵ϣҳһӣ󱳱ҵѪģ׹ŬҪȴôҲ
ʱҲ̤ʹĺ׹棬жǿٴζ˼˽⡣ӿܰһԪǾ˵ܿסϵԪ
ԪʵܿԪ˾ˡ
׹ʱ޽ңһһкȻԷȻͨ裬ܿģﵽԪʤԷ
ܵĲҽ֮ϣ׹źˣֻԼԷɷˡʿĵӶش
ʿᣬҲգҾҪֱֻۡ㣬Ҳ׷̰ġ㶢ź׹棬һź׹ȥ
׹¶壬䶯ҪӱܣٴαشӱֻܿĿĽ𣬾Ҫȵֱϡ
һ׼µʱһ䱩ŭ͵ס֣
羪׵ŭȣһҲϮ񱩿ֲں׹ȫһ
㲻òܿܿͬʱҲ׼Ź׹棬ϯȽţݺݵزں׹ֱϡ
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׹ҽУ⡣ʱҲվһŰ£һ꣬ʩչҽں׹ϣĿתѾվԶ㣬
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ôĵӣ궢㣬ɫ
ɨһ˵ңֻҪһ˫ֱۣѾʿˡ
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ɨ˶Էһ˵֪Ҳ֪ܼңҾǡ
㣬ҲգҾһĴС
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һһĶŻ˵ձѻˣǵС㣬ҪСҪˡʿвģ֮󣬶ǡ

һƬȻһ͵Ŀ㣬ʹͶ䣬һۣȷԼû˵Ļ
Сʲô˼Ҫһ֮ʿһɣǲǷˣʿжٲſжٰĽСߣʤһ֮սȺۣԼʲôѵһԪ͵Լ޵вɣ
׹ʿһٮٮߣǲǿġȲ˵ʿӣʥӵ͵ǰĻʵʹﵽԪʹӵҲκε
ʿ֮ࡣʱŲĶⲻǸ
Ҳû뵽㵨˹͵Ŀ㣬о˼顣СӵǳʲôıӵȻ˵һ仰
ƽЩĻʥӣʿҲ˵ĻʿȻǹ壬ǲܴķ涼ڹ塣һ
ҪŴɱ۾ʵ˵仰ʵԪʵûСʵΪĺĵӶ񡣿ЦǣȻҪսʿᣬʿһʿ߶ǶĲɣ
ŭˣܵĪ衣
ôҲɣ㶢ŶԷ˵ǲ˵ҲǾôҿô
Լҳ裬Թñˡ֮󣬱һʰ㡣˵
ɨһۣҡҡͷ㻹񣡽գĻˣ˭Ҫǲұʿǿ˭ҪǲȢСңҶˡ
ʱѾ˺ˣ֪۶Ϻ׹ֱۿʼѾû·ˡֻһǴһ󣬻ʿǰʿᣬûΪ׹ͷ
ȻעǲΪ׹ͷ㲻Լע˵ȥһȡʱ䡣ʱ䣬úõļƻһ˴δսˡ
֮ҵǡ˵仰Ťͷȥûпһۡ
ʿҪס㣬ȴסŶԷȵߣҵҪ֮εסʿŭġһ֮뿹ʿһ޴
ôĿֻǲ֪֮ôġ

һŭĿӵĶıӰŭȼأʿỹûܹӡ
Ϣɢȥʿᶼ֪ôһˣҪսʿһˡҪ˶֪ұȲʿᣬҪСԸ
ǣ
ҲɢϢȥ˵ֵԽԽã˶֪СǶôšվԽߣˤԽء
̧׹棬ź׹ֻ֣ɫ

㵱Ȼ֪Լ˵Ǿ仰εĺ䶯ȴ˿⡣Ϊѵµ˲ɣҪľάҵ档ڣʿһΪ̵Եʣ֮ǣ֮ҪǲʲôͶԲˡ
Ҳ֪ôͱһѡȴûа취ӽܺ׹ƿʼע᲻ϱʿսġ
Ȼ޿ɱܣǾͺһսɡǰܣҲҪܵĺңҵͷ



758 䶯
ԣͬһϯʿᣬʿߡһʿΪһҪڽºݺ衣һǰȻҲףԼһһȻһҲҪҵСӸڽ£
ͱʿһŭԣԲĲݡ
ʿһ֮࣬ŭʿų𣬼ҪˡзòʿˣһľȻҲ־塣
ҵС̫ˣȻսʿĺԡѵ֪ͨһѡһ޴һ֮ȻսʿһǴǿߣǣСȴƺˡ
ı£ǾΪҳ顣
оȣҲİ˵۾Ȼ֪ǲģȴĴ˵
Ҫе۾ʵǿ˽ʿһ㹻ˡǣʵ𣿡
˺ܲţҪʵõʿһ𣿴ﵽֲΣѾ߸ˡ׹ƣ֣ʿĶ⡣
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ԪܱԪӵͨŵǬľ裬һԪߣҲֻбذһ·ߡǣʵҲ౬Ԫѡ
˶Ϊ֮㵡ԪԪʵȷʵ˺ȻƽǻΪ֮𺳡ʲôڵͱѣӵаԪʵҲʿһߣһһĭҲ㹻
СӻǴ󵨡򲻳ԪȲϣҲ࿹ԪѡԪܿԽ˶ླ磬ȷʵֲǣ˺ԣⲻҳǸʲô
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֣ǺεȴڣǵôֻԪʵҵĵͳǿߣԴ֮ࡣһҲܰƵ֮õȴֻԪ
˵ֻʮ꣬ʮﵽԪڹҲ㲻ˡ
ǵҲǣǺʱɲֹԪɡȷʵûˣǵһȲǺˣǽпܱǺˡ
Ǵˣһǲ֪ġ
ţʲô˼Ŷˣʦǽŵһ˺صġصҲЩʵɡĵӣôҲҪƵɡôǴܣŵһˣЩʵˡ˵˵ͳˣͻƴ档˿ɱȲϺص۵ͷ
ǶʲôҪ˵£ûһȵġȲ˵ǲնɱ˵۾͵ƾﵽԪûнһ˿һҲͬûнٺص۵ͲǹܱġǺȻǿҪûǺܣܶһܴﵽ
ʲô˵ûн˵ﵽʵԼģⲻܣ
̲סʹҡҡͷǿʮʵﵽԪûнԴͳȵȸǲܴﵽġûֵز
㵱ʥҲͬû˵ǵѪ֮˫ǣҲû˵ʮﵽԪģȻҲпֹܳֻǲ֪ǡһλھµʥ˭֪ʮʲôΣ
񻰼ҲֻǴڴ˵СĵʵԸġ
ܣҾǴϽģǴǵ۹ߣϢҲõһЩҲҵļҶλСõļҶһֱԼضûлȥ
һ仰УԲ۾Ÿ֪Ϣߡ
㡭ȷԼû˵ҵֻûңҵļҶҵʥӣҶ
˸оһЦƵģ̫˼ˡ˶İɣ
ǲžˣǿȥϽ̽ѰһⲢʲôܡǵ۹ˣ֪
˼αһĬ̫˼ˣԼʮﵽԪѾݵˡУεݣȻȥҶСļҶܣҴСҲһһ˵ǣҲûʸһʥҶ
Ƿ˰ɣôܴӦ飿
˾ò˼飬𿴹С˵ס

ʿųΪֵķзղĿںš㿴֮󣬲ûǲҲǽʬġҪȻôˡ¥ղĿںš
̫޳ˣбʿһȺˣЩ̫ûĻˡںŶҪϮ˵ġ
Ȼչ֮ǶŭĿӡԼһһ˱ġ
սǰˣõе𣿡з̰ȴͷͦأ˵ŭĿУȻߡ
ȻֵȻװġĵҲŭ̫ˡɣÿ˶һ᲻ͳ
ǲͱһЩ
ϵԼĽǶʱټĽǶʱѾɽ˺ⲻ֪жٲ㡣ⳡ㶼ڷʡԼǾ仰˼Ǻ
ҡҡͷԼҲ̫񰡡Ҫ˵һҪȢСѡŮҪ޵ġοСıĸܳ谡
ΪСãȴҺ֮ǡȻ˲̾һԼί
ĳֶʱۼĵӷ֣һʱˣԲѵļһˣ
ÿһĭ
ǣǴóûУš

һ䱩ŭĻоһɹÿһĭԼҲҪԼԼǲӦȻȥʿٲſһս
ÿֵʲôʿʿķȡձÿһʿߵĶУʿΪ֮һ
ÿ˵ʿȶûУһж˵
ϵסĭľٶÿһ·ֱͨ
һ·УЦʿмַȣһΪǻ˶۸٣ÿһĭҶ
Ļû뷨Լ뷨ѹƣζСʿᡣСӶһʱ䣬иλĵӵ˳ָɷġ
ûĭƣһʿȥ
ӹ׼ʱһ۸̫һ
Ҳ׼ʱЦʵԼҲãΪ˴׼ʱΪ׼
ޣ̲סһһ۸̫޳ܵĻôܺѹ˵


759 ս
Ļ湻׼ʱġ̲סһҵĵȻҳ֡
Цʲôҵģ̫СˣȻôΪ׳ʿٲſĵδ̫Сˡ
һ仰͵ͱѣһŭ
СӣʲôǻҪ׳𣿡
Լث֣ҪѱҲҪǲС첻Ҫܡ
쵰ʿģǽһҪһš

һףƿ

ȻЦЦÿĽһЩ˶Ĥʹ
ЦʿΧһˣȻҵСǿЦ
ĻɫѿŭʿỹƿĵӺסڣ
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ʿ׼ƿڴֹ˵ڳⲻʲôҪõ߳Ρ
ΪȻ˵ͷŻ˵Ҵûܰõ߳ϾһһĭҲܰ
ٴιĨǵڿ˶࣬ɫĸӿֲǹ͵ĳУǹģιŲ˶۸٣
ɨһɽ˺漴ŻûϵҲں˶࣡ٶ࣬ܺ󲻳ɣ
㡭ԭòסĻٴαС̫ˣʿһϲɡʲôʲôʸʿᡣ
ү˵ôϻʲôֱӸɷǰ
԰ԲѵĴ㻹˵ʲôֱӰ֫۶ϡ
үְɣҪǲ֣ǿˣСһ̶ٿ

ϵĴߴٻ֣еıŭĸо۵ŭ𶯲񷡣㿴ȴ˿ɫ䡣߽֪һսҪõ߳ǲˡ
ˣҲҪһսֻʿ֪ԼҲҵ˿ġӺϵĿУ֪һĸĸһⴳԼӻҪܴܺѹ
Ҫҵ࿴֪ǣԼɳͬΪͣ˶һЩĸѹ
ɣҿʿǿߣжǿ㶢ŻֻϣǲҪʧ
ģһʧģͬҲϣҳ־ܰ衣˵Ƕʧġ
һȡһѳˣѽɱѪʱѪ屦еġƷɱȻһѺýһɱ˵ĺӼ֡
ûгֱ㣬Ͱѳˡʱ֮䣬Ӱˡ
ýһ֣̾һԪƿشﵽ˾ĵزԪ˵ƿǺܿϧֻԪҪǴﵽԪƾһ֣ʤļʾֻɡ
㵭˵ʹֻԪʤҵļҲߡ
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򲻳𣿲׹涼ʤˣԿң㣬ȴʩչ
ЦͻȻ治ҪǰһսҶˣʹûʩչ֮䣬ҲشǾȻ˵ʤ
㡭ŭ㣬ȴϣҪʩչʲôʽżʩչҪ㹻񣡡
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˵꣬гǹ趯ӿȵǹӰֱ㽣һ㡣
ƣڻŭ£ǹ䵽һϣ֮£͵ıѿŰһƿ֮ıŰա
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㾪ȵǣԷʿȴİȫ۵ǹ֮ϣһּ侫Ŀơ
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գҪųȥˡ
㲻ʿɱϾݰǣ۶֫һǾԵġϾԺ׹Ҳͬ顣
ȻܻĽͬԽܵġ
ҪĽҲǺùһ׬ˡҧݣֱֱĶŻгһӣɢ֮
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ʸ˵ġ㻰µʱ͵ļңβȶ䵽£ɽ磬ļµҪᴩһ㡣
һ磬ҲСӣرǿٶȣɫ˱䣬͵ı˳ȥеĳǹ趯趯֮䣬һǹӰԼܲ͸硣

һڶԷĳǹ֮ϣһĸ֮գһѷ졣
վӰĿƵĿŻڰԪ˼˽⡣Ҫ׹ǿ̫ˣֱһȼģ׹棬ǻĶ֡
Խ֮ÿһԪĲԽ󡣲֪˾ԪֻοֲԪ壬ԼɫܱԷưɡ
˵һ飬ҪȻҽֵĻᶼˡһԪ棬ʮһܽ㡣㡣
Цʮ֮ڽңʮԡĵĿŶԷ˵˭˵˵Ҫʿء

һ仰ûҲ̲סԭһ򵽵׶ô档ϾͨѵüܼʶͨԺͻƴҲкô
ǶԷִⲻĻԼͷֻܵĺܲҡʲôԼ֣
뵽⣬еĳǹ趯һǹӰƣ𶯾˼ˣһ˷ҪСܵĳˣˣǾܲԶˡ


760 Ļ
гǹ趯ǹӰطƣ֮䣬һֱȥ֮һռݱѡƿֲ
Ȼ׽֣Ӱ֮䣬һӰԷ顣·㼤գڻгŻ˹ȥ
ٶͦģЦһһǹֱȥһǹ羪ףҪᴩһ㡣
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ͬ²һǹĹᴩֱۡǣųǹᴩֱۣûһ˿һĸˣڣӰ
𺧣ǹ͵ջأȻоֱ۵ķһǹϽɨ˹㳤һ˸ԵɳȥһƬƮ
鲼ƮڻĽ£ɫżֲ԰סңҪԼӦĿ죬±µľͲԼֱˡ
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ʿΧ۵ȺŻֱ۵䱻һƬҲо˼顣
㶢Żսʮ㡣ȻٶȱȲԼˣһɡԼոٶȺͽܿҪ˵͸ˡϾʱ϶˷
ֳֳǹһƮµ䣬㵭˵ǵһУоСģµľУܵĺܳ׵ġ
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ЩңҪûڹĹеõôԪ⣬ԿԪҲûôɡ
ϧԼʵ̫ˣҲֻܽٶȱܿԪȴҡֵĻҪʮаС
̾һڰԪĹȫˣȴκβ˰ԪǰԪǿʹӵĽԼֲٶȣܸı㡣
ԽԽŭӿĸӿ񱩣ɹɿ񱩵ϯأҪһж˺Ƶġ
һЩΣЦӰ趯ܿһ
˿һĻһͬоѣŻԾԵʵѹȴȫκβͬһɫŮ¶ǰǽⲻһı
Сٶ̫ˣҪһʿǰȥסͺˡ
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ҪȥԸ㣬սһСҪ˵˶۸ˡ
ߣ˵ɣ
ȿɣүʤˣʿҲиǿġһҪųȥҪ˵ԪǴܶá

ʱҲЩżԽսԽӿȴϲԷĵʵԽ࣬ԽкôԭԪʩչûʤϣ
ǣģټһܰʤϣһɡ
Ȼ֪ԼĵĿֲʱʩչԿǻţĵı١ͬͨάͨεȵֻǿ
ʱԼռϷ硣
뵽⣬ĸӿ񱩣֮䣬ƣ˷ϯȥҪǳˣͱƵѹˡ
ǣȴӴܡ
ҿֵܼĶá
˵ôһ仰ɴ㵣仰ԭҪ˵ġ
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һŭȣֱһ˦׵磺ȥֻӱܣʲôãκε𣿡
𣿡Ц㲻ҪҵҾһ
һ仰û˼һĹ˼ɣ򡣼Ҫʩչȫ
ŻˣӰ趯趯֮䣬ؿռ䶼Ťһպݺݵȥһ֮£ռ·𶼱ɣԪû֮УһռγɣͻûС


761 һ
Уʱ͸оֲѹƺѹƵģһ磬һ˿һܽΪƾճֵѹת
ǿѹͨ۳ĶУ·һƵġѹֺ׹涼شˡȫϣķġ
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ģô򣿡̲סһȴҪǲԼ֣Լҵƾ㣬Լʹڱˡ
׵£ûǹ趯ֱȥȵ׵һɿֲײһ׵类ĺķ飬ľͬ˰ϯһ˲ȴȻʧָƽ
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׿꣬и֮ʥֻܶõֻǰʮߵ׾֮׾֮Ͳʩչ
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ҧѹסĳظУ㶢˺һ
һĿ㣺һԪһԪȻκβѵôǿҪøǿſܸɷɣ
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һ仰ŭʿˣһŭ֮ϣСɫ԰ףŲ顣ȻˣǵߵıԵȥɷ
ǣС̫ˡҪʿӡߣ㱻ΣвǰѾŵֻҪСӵ磬Ǳ֤ҽΡ

ŭȣһʿ̲סֳһ򣬶ȵһµĴС
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763 һ
վǰʿһȻ֪Էʲô⣬ֻԼʱΪսʤԼò˵ǺܴΪֻҪʤԼʿĹԶΪĵӶǲܡǣ
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ֲһʿΪ֮Ȼս˰Ȼ˭Ҳκβ˭ֻܸԱԼǿҪѶԷѹס
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ԷԼͼЦһǴŲмЦһ˵ΪôѵҾƲǴ󲻳ɣ
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ϱѪҺȾ죬Ѫһ㣬ϵѪҺԼģǴ඼Ǳ˵ġǣⷬģȴһ֮С

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ȻҲԷƱϾʮ꣬ûнԴҪȻʵٴη
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ȵѹȥƱӿͬʱϯ̩ɽѹһ㣬ѹȵĿռ䶼Ϊ֮ݣ׹
Ϳֵܣ˾ڵǲǴͻƴ֮ȥô֣
ڳԾ֮һ̲ס˷ͿֵʿųҲǴ棬ȥʿǸ߸ϵλΪ
Ϳӣأһͱһ̫ϴΪӡͬһʵڶʮͣʹﵽ˾Ԫڶʮʱ̤˰벽˰봫ľ硣
ʱֻжʮ꣬Ǳչȥͻƴܲ봫澳Ǵʱأѵͻ˲ɣ
ĿƵĿͿֵܣһ˷ܲѡƽѵһ
ȻоѹȵƣֻӡڣƶѹȲԡһģһˣüͷҲ΢΢о˵ǿ
ң㣿Ϳϴ㣬ɭ䡣
ǣǺˣ
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ĴڣŲ١ȻЩҲĽõģϾҵѪ֮ҲĽģܳҲ
ǣȴδһλҲû˵ʹҵλҲûбӳƺšһԪˣܱΪ
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Ҳֱͣȡƣɢ⣬۳һ֣֮ϣɢƣۻһҪС
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Ϳֵܶһۣ˶ԷеľȻ֪Ƶļֵ֤ݣҲỳ͵ģϾҪλֲļƣǻ᳤Ҳ
˾ú֣ҵôô
κζĻӣʥʥŮǿǧٱǣȴԪֻʮ꣬Ҳ̫ˣԪʵôܷߴ½ѵǲ֪жٵ
ǵʥӲ𣿡ջأ˵˵Һʥһս
Ը㻹ǵʥӳ֣㹻ʰˣͿֵܶ㣬ߵɽ棬˵ȻΪҵΪʩչǾӵ˹Ҳʿҫ
ܲԲ֪㶢ˣоĵʵԶȻ޾壬۶˵һְɡҿʿĺĵźεʵ
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ôĿȻ˴γʧܣ˺ʹҲ١ʰһʬ壬㹻ˡͿֵܶ˵
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˵ָ꣬㶯ɽйֲΧĿռ䶼Ⱦޱȡ
ǾͿ㵽жô졣˺һϯϯʱŵ֮䣬·Ϊĺֳеĸо
ָо̲סһܲСֵܵסİɣҺãҪȻ汻Ƶʥӳ֣ʤ϶޹⡣
㿴ŶԷŵӿüͷҲ壬ȷʵ˲Ŀ
ɣôǿӵдϢ棬㶼ʤˣֻаһ·ߡ˶㣬˵
Ҳδأ㶢˵Ҿ⡣
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Ϳֵܶ˴󺰵ͬʱ֣ǵӰӶȥ
ԭΪ𶯶ܰЩӰ飬ǣǵûаЩӰ飬һĵ֮Զ
ģӰôͬһҲӵ˿ֲ˶һۣŲš
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ǣ˲ŵǣЩӰõǣû˶ѡ
ⲻܣ˵ɴ۾ĶǵӰǺȻ֮ɫҲӵеۣ
˲ŵĿ㣬޷š
ʧˣ㿴˵ǵ۾ʬȻûǣ۾ʬȻӡûУǲûСҲСܰʬӵеһжǵĵӡ
Ϳֵۿ㣬ȷʵû뵽档ͬҲû뵽۾ʬܷӳʵ
ҾͲţܱվֻǴܶѡͿֵܶ㣬Ǻһһ໥֮䣬İһֹ
㿴ŶԷҲżء˲ͬͨȻϣѹ˵ܱʱ˴棬Ҳ̫ɡ
ɣվֻһܡԷֱֱĶ㣬д
ЦЦͻȻ˼ħӣħû뵽ɽʬУɨӰӼɽʬڷɶ𣬳ˣΪȭĺͶԷԻȥ
ڶԻȥͬʱҲӿȻǿĵҲֲرǣ㻹ǿƴﵽ۾Ĺ塣ľ͸ΪֲˡҪһĴܸܳܣҲΨֻ㣬Ũ;ܳܵס
Ǿˣ㻹ǸоͻȻͬˮһ㱻˳ȥ
һƺͶԷһ𣬿ֲӶϯռ䣬޴죬Ҫһж˺Ƶġ
䣬û뵽ѷ֮УʧӰ١
˴ͣ޷ŵĿɽʬȻĺͿȴһƽ֡


768 
˱ĵһ¶ݡ֮ʩչκβ㣬۾ʬĿԿȴ߲ɣ
㶢˴󺰵𶯾
˿㣬ĵͬˮһϵӿ뵽ɽʬ֮У˶һۣͿ𿪿ڵɽʬʩչҪﵽ˵زֲ֧˶ġٽһΧ
˵ͷǹ֮ͬˮӿ뵽ɽʬеΪǲֶܼá
Сӣǿǿֵܼʱ
ͿˮЦЦ˭Ҽֲ˶ã
˵ͬʱ֪ʱֳһҩģſھҩ˺ҧȥԭҪߵٴԴԴϵӿ
ҩݣ˴ͣȻ̲ס۵ĴܼӰܼӰ
Ǻ޲óǰ꣬ҩǺεȱʿĵλûʸáû뵽ǣСӾȻֱҧ
ҩҩ֧֣ľΪ֮һ𣬿ֲȵϵûɽʬСɽϵķĸһ۴ӿ۽Ϳֵܶȥ
ֲԴݻ񷣬·Ҫһжεضģ֮ӿ֣Ƕ»ƣײȥ
ɫ䣬һۣ⽻ͨԲȦһ޴Уת䣬Ƚһ㣬ռһȫŤ
ײһ˲ŵǣ˵ȫסƵһ֮£۵ֱ׵ݡ
˺Ȼ͵ļӱܣ¶֣֮䣬ԶԶıܿƵĹһ˸ովĵطһ㣬޴ѷͬ֩һӿھƺһ޴İݴ
ǧ׾޴ףֲⱻӳֵľʱ򳹵׵ıݻ١
˴ĿߵһսеĺȻơǿǵԤϡŸֶվɽߵ㣬ǳĬһսڣ˭κεѵҪʥӳԸɣ
һֱֱĶͿֵܡ
ͿֵҲźǰľ޴ѷ죬𺳡˶һۣ˺ģһҧ촽мһѪѪ䵽գһѪƣһ۴Ѫи֡
㿴һĻ΢΢üͷȴûֹŵ۾ʩչͲˡ
ѪҺڣͿֵҲһۣлֳһͼͼּ䵽գĻһش
ش֣
˴һǵиԱһششϣ˵ѪȫɣһΪ˵С
㿴ɢ֮һ۲Ƶشļµĸо
㣡֪Ϊʲôһƶ˼ңΪʿպһ𣿡˶㡣
Ϊˣ
ûҵĺӣԭĬĬΪĶȹһǣˣʱżȻѵߵֵزɱʱеӿǣԭΪᱩû뵽۾Ȼ뵽ǵСΪԭ޶۵һǧֱҪͻƴܲ紫ľ硣һУشЧ
̾һ䣬ĻȷʵĽҪûǵĳֻĬĬΪĹһ˵Ϊܣܶǳ룬ǣЩʲôã
ֻ㣬ܲǶõشǽһʮ꣬ѾܱͨʮɵӦ֪ʮܱοֲһ߼ӳͿֵܻ˵
Ц㵱˲𲻳ɣΪɽûеɣ
Цһ˵ɽΪ۾ѵûе
˵ľУһﵲ֪ʱɽУе۽ȻĵòĵɽʬܶЦȻõʤңΡ
˿ɽϵĳﵣһ͡ԭͿֵܶõǻмϣǿɽͬãϣ˲ĥ
վ͵Ϊֹɣ˵ָ꣬һ㣬û뵽ɽУȵɵǡ
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Ϳֵɫһ䣬شϯɽȥȴ׵ıɽ顣
д޷۾׶ôǿֻһʬܱǺεȵĿֲһˣȴǰС
ɽнڽڰˣʲôʥˡ棬ܺһս
ҾһĴ棬ҲĶ֡
ģ˴һ漴һۣͿͻȻֶԸ㣬˵סܡ
һ۹͵ɽ棬һλֳ𣿡
ԿСֻһԪֵĻϢܸɷһˣǵΣȻȻܽͿ˵ҪȻȥ˸κβ
ʹĵ˵ͷӰһܿɽĹֱȥ
Ȼ֪ԷĴ㣬һ˵Ϊܰѵ˿ܵĹ𣿡
㻰£ɽĹͬһܼĳȥɨ˶ȥ
ɫһ䣬ͿͿˮҪǲܳȥǰһ·ܿˡǣҪǳȥʤǵġ
ȻҲ֪㣬ԴʱɽĹΪ͡
϶һ֣ƿռ䣬ȥ
Ϳһ˳͵һҧȫȫ䵽еشϣش֮󣬱Ĺââ֮е
۳񷣬ɽ˹ȥ
Ǵʱ
һ𣬲һ̶飬ҲĿƵĿųУǶ֪ʤͰܾһ֮䣬ҪһܰɽĹİһ;
ֻǣܳ
ĿƵעУ˵Բ۾ͿͿ˵ķ飬ҲѪҺ˳ȥ˺Ȼ
ǣͬϲǣʱλֳסѷ֮м˳ȥ
ã㿴ŶԷӳɫ䡣û뵽˵ֵͨزݵļƬ̾ʧȥѷ죬ȻץסҼ˳
ԷԲǶ֣Է͵ļҪܿ
ӡͿˮҧݣλֳƴҪʰ㣬ʲô屬˲׷㡣
ңΣڰ봫ǰЧǺܴ˿Ϳˮ֣˷ܡ


769 
ͿˮŽǰ㣬д˷ܡʵͲһ֮ڣԼ֣Ȼһٰˡ
뵽⣬ͿˮٶٴһᣬֲԽϯȥĻꡣ
˿Ϳˮ˿ֲԵһҲ˷ܲѣսôãܰСʰˡ
ȥͿˮŭһҿ㻹ʲô±ܿһС
һת۾һ˲Ҫϣɫ䣬趯ɣ
£ռŤ˵УͿˮʧգС
ģôʩչ򣿡˲ţʩչ£Ȼʩչ̨ͨ˼ˡ
ĿƵĿգ㼴ʹʩչҲԲܵסͿˮ봫漶һԪܺģʹͨҲܱ׺顣
˵Ĳ²ܿ͵õ֤ʵռ͵ıѿһӰ˳ɫҰףѪҺա
Ӱ㣬ͿˮһѣԷֲܿסġ
վֻһԪ
Ϳˮдһһŵ㰴˹ȥ
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޿ɱܵͿˮֻеش˹ȥһһݣѷһжɡ
ͿˮվɽʬĶ֣Ѫˣա
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Ϳˮͬʱƺһоȫʹޱȡ
˿ųУʱͿֵܺ㶼ڵϣɫҰףӿѪҺȻˡ
˵עУѻδȫҧɾҩ˽ȥŻָһ˿Ŭ
ͿֵܣҲȡһŵҩʳ֮Ŭĳֻ˵嶼ЩҡΡ
˴ĿһĻ֪ս˭ʤ˭
ۿŶԷŬתѹڷѪѪķԶԶԤϣʹŵѹѹס֪һˡ
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ʱӵе֮ߵǿԼҪɽʬ޷ͶԷһսڶԷ׻
ͿˮʱҲĶ㣬ľۣ޷ȻվյǣԷסˣһûкϣܿȻлشԼԼȻشҲشԼԼһ˸ûа
һڵ˿Цѣʱվѣλ㽻֡
˿㣬Ҳվڶ棬ֱϣҲû
ǣǺȻǣǸѾ˵꣬оȻٴγһѳ趯֮䣬Ӱһ
仰ֱоð˳ֱֱĶȫ꣬ȴûһΪԷ˵֡
ͿֵܶõԱԽܣǶԷĶ֡ȻѾǿ֮ĩ˭֪أ
Сҩݶһ֪ûеơ
˳ĬȻûһ˸ҳֵġ
ôû𣿰ǵʥӸгҿɵЦЦ֮䣬ȳһɹѪҺѪҺŹɢѻѪ֮ѪҺֹ
˼ʥӣûһ˳ġԷȷʵԽаʥӡ룬δ˭Һ佻棿
ֻѵΪҪʥ
˶ĬĿ⿴ýס㡣
㶢˺˵ʿµһôû˸ˣ
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仰ڳǵһŪһͷʲô˵ʿµһ
ߣҪų̂Ժ󿴵ҵˣƵС㶢һˣҵ棬ûжңҲ˷顣
ȥʥӣ
С˵û˸Ҷֻ֣ϣʥӳ֡ȻʥӳҲز˶棬ضǶ١
Ϳˮ˿ʥӵ˵Ĺȥһŭվס
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Ϳֵܶһˣһսˡǲʿ᲻ңֻǲѡ
ЦЦҵһԪǶսʤˣѵϲҲɣ
ĻЩûһѪҺ³ҲԪ
Ȼɻס
ʤʲôɽģб£ʤʥӡߣһǿﶼʤʥӣʲô˵ʿǿ
ƾҸɷôˣ˸ҳ֡ĶͿֵܣʥӼȻôǿӦսǡҿû棬һԪ֡

Щûƿڴ仰ʲô˼ǼʥӣʥἥЦԴС⻰̫޳ˣʥӳʵǱʥӲ֡
ȻںǵıӣʱѪǿͲס塣ʥӽֵĻذɣȻ֪ذܣҲŹ֡
ʱ˵ʥӣΧ۵Щ˳֣ʰˡֻʱǿӲΪľŻŻЩˡ
ôǲǣЦһҲ˼˵һǿ
㡭
Ϳֵܺ޲гʥӳݺݵʰһǶʿʥӺͼλĿŶȥ򣬲ûʿᣬвҲֹԭ
ҪȻȥʥӣʥӵûг֣СӻЦʥսʥȾļ
Сӣ֪ʥӵ˲ʿɣͿֵܻɵĿ㣬кɻҪȻСôš
ʿ᲻㵭˵ֱһɨɽʬջͼ֮С
Ҫûˡ㶢˵
˵꣬壬һžȥ
ŭĿӣһ۶㣬ȴûһ˳֡
Ҫ߳ʱм̲סҪס㣬Ϳֵȴȵ
ߣ
һ仰˲ʣȴֻÿΪҲСӵǲûս
ĿƵĿ߳߳вʣȴֻܳܵʱȴ͵˵ϣֱֱĵȥεڵϡ
һĻ˶һۣվסļߣ̲ס쵰
벻СӾȻûˣȴĺˡ


770 ϷǱƻ
ſʿʿͿֵܵ˶ܣƵͿֵܵԳܡϢͬХһ˲䴫ʿųǣΪϢ𺳡
ȻҲһЩģ޳ܣȻʥӵ˲ʿųսҪȻȻޡ
ǣŭҲֻʿˡʿˣȴη쳣ΪԪսǲĿˡ
ϹϢҲ˾֣ôƿطѵ㴫Եһλʦصۡ
һ־úпܣصǽŵһˣϵĴ̫ˡʹϹҲǲܡ
һЩԵߣʱӵǴԺҲܺһˡǿͨͨҪǿط
㲻ƾһߵ۾ʬɨʿᡣ
ȻܶҲ֪ʿ֮˳⡣Ϣ˴Цʿζˡ
ټһܸɷԷȴҡԼƤ£һЦ
쵰ʥӻʰ㡣ʿ˵ļЦҧֹȴЩԹʿʥӵˣ粻ߣΪʲôʱǰ
ǣ޷ıĽֻǱһԹ޿κΡȻܶ㵹صʱȥݺݵһͿֵȴֹǵΪ
ͿֵԸֹǲֹʲô취Ѿ䣡ҪǴʱȥݺһ㣡ôʿ᣿ҵŭôԣ
û֮ǰֽţǶȻңϾǵ̫šҵġ
ǣʿᶼˣ㡣ҼӵԸ񣬲ַŹ֡
Ϳֵȥң֪жôֲȻΪʿҴһġʿĸ߲ȴҵĵ̸ܱġ

Ϊһս۷׷ףһսǣʱȴڴϡ
һսȻǿʤˣܵҲǰδеءͼָҲʮֳ
㾪ȵǣѪʱַǷת֮䣬ѪϵƽϢĻָҪ첻١
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Ѫ棬ѹֻϹʱڣϹʮ£ܻѪ֮˴á
ǰһֱøϹ񻰶õģȴţǰ񻰿϶иԴġ
ڷʲôôûаһ𴲱ˡ
һʺȹȹ¶һСذ֬Сȣʮ־͸Ľȹ˼ֻԸУվǰ֡
㿴ʲô̼ĿƵĶ˿ûеĳȣŭĿ쵰ڴˣȻ˵ĺɫñᡣ֪Ͳ˰̧ˡ
ֻǺһ⣡㶢̣ǿյ˵
ʲô̲ԣ̲ס㡣
ǰôţģҪ·ˣ㲻о𣿡ɻ⣬ǰͺܺ棬ŮţĲ
쵰ɫ糺죬ҧгݣ쵰ǹĲ˳ʺԾôģ
ôˣ޹Ŀ̣ί˵ֻ֪ѣѵѧǴˣȣ°
㻹˵£̾С̫Ҫˣ¾˴ġ
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ֱֱĿ˵ʵңǲ֪ʥӵ˲ʿᣬԸţ
Ȼ֪Ҳϣʸڷϵ
ߣ̲ĹСӲɵӡ϶֪һϢ֪ʥӵ˲ʿᣬŸţսʿһҪȻ𣿾λҲҰ
뵽һʲôŭ˫ۿ㣬ҧ˵˵ҪȢС
ɫһ䣬ͨͨŮЦԣŭ˵Լһ٣ƽԼ£Ǵʱƻûкãһ٣Ҫʮ¡
ûУûУ˵˵ôò绨ôȢСȫʦ˵ģʲôû˵
ʦ𣿡̾쵰ݺ̫޳ˣʦ˵ԼСĻʲôЦ
Ȼһ˵ʦͻȻܹȢ㣬˵ˡ˵СҪǲţȥʦ˵ҪǲȢ㣬ͰΣ㶪Ҵϣٸҹഺҩ
ŷһּ٣Ҫɻء
ԭΪ仰̲š벻ǣ࣬ɫΪŹ֡ƺŲ˵ĻƵġ
ҿǲ׵ϼһĴ̹ɣĿǾʾдѣ쵰ôഺҩ
޵ֱҧȻ֪ʦȷʵ̳ˣֻʱôս飬ˡ
ΪϲʦҲЦã޷ϼһôġһҪԼ޸ƵġңʦԼ鶼ĳ˵ԼСĻ
ŬƽϢĶ˵ߣΡǲСġ
˼ǣͿԽˣĿ̡

ĬԴǵ˵˶˵㿷֮޲Ҫ޸ңҲֻСһ·ߡοҶߴˣҪȢСɷһԾŶ˵ҪԣҶС
㣡ȥż޸㡣ͻȻ֣쵰ˡԼ˵Ҫ޸Ȼؽ
㲻عˣСֹһ
̵ûĻץͷͷݺݵϣȥ
˵꣬ͷҲص뿪䡣
㿴ҡҷǷֵ뿪ֹŮС治̬̬
ŵʱһͻȻСӣȻұĺڹϷʲôʱ˵ҵͽСˣҪҲֻˡ
һһ֪ʱʿ᳤Ĵߣ¶ЦݣЦЩëȻ
Ǹ衭ͽܺؼҳԷءʿ᳤˵
ʿ᳤һۣ´һ˵ݣʿôˣҪЩ˵ƶκã֪ҪѶԴСӣȻģͰЩҽҩѶ˰ɡ
ûУҲܾ
ûУʿ᳤ٺ˵ûϵûоûУһԣǾȢ̡һжһʹ
Ǳƻ飡ŭĿӡ
ʿ᳤Ҳŭˣŭ㣬Ķ˵СӣϷȷĸ㣬ϷǱƻ飬ȢҲȢȢҲȢҪǲӦϷھʹ֫㶪ʿᣬкܶҪġ



771 ټ
ƶƣ䲻
仰һֱʿ᳤ѵʱӦˣӦȢ̡ʿ᳤ϱѴջȥһЦݣѯʲôʱˡ
ĵֹʲôʱ򻳺ӣʲôʱͰ¡ȻոնԷѺĵǾԲ˵ġ
ҾãС£ʱԡС£ǾͲ̫ˡϾǶæˣôܾ棿
Ļشʿ᳤˵ͷ˵ҲеϷôæǴǡСӴӦˣѵ㻹ҷڲɣ
Ҳң˵ĵȴֹҳʿᣬٿҸҲҡУͽܸҲң
뵽⣬ƽˡϼһǿǿ뿪ʿᣬҰѺϹѾģƻ飿ƾͱƣƵʿŮ˶޸ң
뵽⣬ʧЦ
Ȼʿͷ֪ЦʲôȢͽܶ˷ءǣ뿪ˡ

ƣͺõ߰˰ˣ㾪ȵǣƴõͬʱʵҲԪ
ԭΪԪҲҪһصġû뵽ͻƾȻôѸ١˼һ£Ҳż
һսʮּңսսʵͻƣټҩҩ͸ŰʵƵԪ
ѹ˲ηսսˣȷʵһð취
ȵ͸֮УоʵͻͽĽʱԪһ˿ѹʱ˿Ԫ
ﵽԪֲ֪Ҫˡֹ֣֪Ԫʵôֲ˶ãҪסԪǾͱ취ԼʵԪ
ﵽԪ;Ԫʵδ֮ʿǰ޿־塣
ѾϽˣʧʱ̵
ϽˣŲʵأһܣ¶ЦٴλصϽˡ
Щһ·ϣһֱʧ񡣲֪ʲôӿռͨ䵽ϣл㱵ġ
ǸѾϽˣҪĻ뿪˵Ϊ˱ܿʿϼһƺ֮󣬾˼λϾʿ̫ȫˣ֪Ǹ񾭲ϼһ᲻ĳʱԼഺҩ
ȻԭǲܾġҪôˣõĲǱˣԼ޶ûеطˡϼһľ״̬пܷ顣ԣûԶĺá
Զ뾫ˣ氮
бҪһ£ʿκһѣ
̺һƳ㣬Լ񲻳ɣոյϽ͸Լߣ֪ˣԼͲ棬ܽ赽ʿĿռͨɣ
ߣ˵仰Ȼ㣬һ׼뿪
뿪Ȼ뵽һ⣬ǲ֪ˡϽ֪ôȻҲϽˣǶϽʵǺİġ룬֪ռͨĴ˴ʲôط
ȵȣǸҾðɣ񡣺οʦҪ޸ˡôһءȻ˵ҪΣգʱҲ޷ҿ㻹ǸҺˡ
̲ĹС浣ȫŹ֡
˵ʲô飿̶˵
üͷһʲôΪ㵣ģΣգԲ¡
˵ˡ޳ȣ׼һ̤뿪
ǡ㻹δ˵꣬̾ŲӣŤͷ㣬״Ͻ˵һشǵ۹
չһЦЦǣ޶ˣ˵͵ˣ֪㲻ôġ
Цߵǰ˵ҪҴ·ҲУôӦһ
ʲô㾯Ŀ̡
̿Цû뵽뵽һġ
УҡͷЦôԣҪҪԼ˯ô죿Լһ꣬ᶼûøɡ
Ӧһؼҵ·Ҳ¸㣬ϽԵشǵ۹ԶšԼҵĻ֪ҪѶپܻص۶˵꣬ں
ݣҧòŮ˵в¡
˵

̴һƽԭȥŽнԶ巽㲻˵ȷûߴ
ûУ˵
Ҽǵôǵ۹۶ϱ߰ɣߵǱߡѶԷ
ɫ˺죬漴ݺݵصһ˵ôʲô߾ˡ㵽ġ
㾡ܻɣǼ˼ᶨڻ˶Է
˲ٵʱȻһӪӪɭϣ㾪ȵǣӪеÿһˣʵٴﵽ߰Ʒʮ֮Уﵽ֮
㾪ȲѣУľˡ֮ѾһСǵĳˡ
Ӫ岽һڣʮһڣɭϺǿߵӪԶͱ䷢֣𶯣ʲôˣӪصأ
ȻûΣǴܵʵҲġʿô췢ǣ˵ǵǿ
ǿľӣ⵽˭ģ㾪ȣǵ˧죬ȴһָ߸Ʈ
ܣɻĿ⿴̡
ɫЩ죬˵ͷĵ̣סִǵ۹
˼˵Ǵǵ۹ˣ㿴ǰޱȵŮˣ̾Էʱᡣմ񣬽ȴŮ˸ƭˡ
˵ҲΣ˵ҶҲϤǰ˴ȥˡôܴ㵽ĿĵءӦҵö֡

ãԵĿ
ˣдҲƽϡҲգǿʮΰ˴ξǣҳš
ҧݣһģ
ޣ
̵ûĻ̤ߵӪǰֳֳìָǵȥ֪ͨ˵ʿ̺ǰݷá
κˣλء
ü˵ʲôȴһѣߵʿǰȥ֪ͨһ¾ǣ˵ǰһǽȥġ
ʿɨһۣȻŸ߸ϵˡ
λأҪٸھӪԱߣϸʿɫ
ʼ磬˵߰ɣ
ߣ̿˵ҶԻ۶·治Ϥ
һۣ˵Ӫߡ
˵꣬˳̰С֣һžӪȥ
󵨣ʿûм˸ҴƬӪģŭȣìݺݵ˹ȥ
ǺȻǣֻŤͷĿɨǣһۿȥǵѪҺҪģֹס
ǲҶ֣ҲסҡûԸǣǵġÿ
ȴħһЩʿܿƵÿһ·


772 
˳ͨžӪȥʿֳֳìҪֹǲǿߣǰ߸ߵ޺ǿߣֻҪĿһɨ͸оȫƵģ֡
ܣǴܣ
ʿһŵĿЩֵˡ˾ȻǾηΪ˵Ĵܣ
𺳳Ĭ֮žӪȥǿ߲ܿģ֪ͨͳ˧
ٶûֹ̻۵С֣ҲĲžӪȥ
̱ץ֣ܸоĲ֣ʱʱһ¡Ҫ˵Ԥϣ
ռŮӱ˵һסҲˣҲˣֹһ֪ԶƯŮ顣
ȥͨܿһ˾ŭĴӾӪ߳Ϊ׵Ƿɢ
Ϊףһڴ󽫡еǾ˭ҴľӪҪѶԷʰ˵ʱ򡣿ϤӰһ㶡
壡
㵣׼Ĵ󽫣סЦˬʵû뵽ҾӪͽʲôʱ򵽵ģҲýʿͨһ
ʼҵýʿֻͨʿ˵˲˵
Լȷʵһ˵ͷöųìĽʿȥ漴ߵһۣߣȥӪ
ڽʿļǰӪһԽʵʲôʱôˣ
ǰʱ䣬һǰݼܶӲӪŭ˫ȶ˳ȥ
ǣ󴳾Ӫû¡д
ڽʿʮֲ⣬ŮѲǻӹɣ

̲Ӫɨһ۽޶˵̣Ц˵Сߵǲ顣
̱ôһ˵ɫЩ糺죬Ͻ͵ֻǺͬ·ѡ
һۣЦЦҲû˵ʲôǵ˵Ҷ˼һŮΪ㸶٣
֪ʲô˼Լ𹼸Ҷ˼
Ҷ˼ϢôùȥˣԼδҶ˼һ˿һϢ
ҡҡͷݣʹҵݵλҲܴ̽ġգһյġ
˵ҲûмʡҶ˼Լûϵѵϵɡ
Ǻǣ˵ոѹûһʿֵܳģʱﵽʲôʵˣ˵ﵽ˰ɣ
Ԫ㵹ûΣֱӻش
ʹ֪츳ȥһʵȻͻͽĽ˵ﵽԪĻǺܿ뵽ʲôɫ˱俴㡣
ܵͳˣ㣬¶ġϣܵͳУͺһ㱧кܴ
ǵͳˣ֪ͳĺôͻŵͳǰڵһַ˵ٶǣбסܵͳĻҪͻƵͳľͺˡᣬڵǳֽܽ˲˵ľ硣ٻһЩʱգﵽͳ߾ǽͣˡ
ԣϣһϣԷܵͳ
ﲻͬиĿռ䡣ܵõܼĵͳȴˡΪҪԼĻһܴﵽܼ־硣
ûУҡͷ˵
˵ûнܵͳһȴȲѣûܵͳôʵô죿첽ɲĺ蹵ˣ
СӣȷʵǱ˵߳һǷ·
뵽⣬ЦԭΪõУܳ㡣벻ǾԶ
Ҳɻʵ
ţֻ˴ˣڴϣҡҡͷԳԿҲãõõĴУҲܡΪԼ޵ˡϵǿ̫ˣϽȻƽһ춼Ѽǣǿߣ١࣡
ﵽ˴ܣˣ㾪Ȳѣ벻Ҳﵽˡ
ҪĴУܶﲻͲҶˡҲ㶪˱Ц
ܼʵǱĵӣΪǿڵĵӡĴУﵽȷʵֵһᡣֻǣȻﵽܣϽӦÿԺ߲Ŷ԰ϾϽǺܺƽģȥЩĴڣκε
ڵ۶ֻҪǵңܵʵνһС
ƺ֪ɻ˵ǵһ۰ɣ
һ㶣𵱳ӼĵۣԼһ顣ۺͰϵĴйءԽǰϵĴܵءѵ˵ȥˣ
ϽӽָҳۣȻֵѾ޹ˣûһ˿󣬳ΪһƬ
еĵۣһǰϾͿĵͳܵؽСоҲ͵͵ĸ˽ȥԭģ޷ҵֻԼǰȥˡ
ЩϧԼѵ۶ڽָУûȥܣĻᶼˡ
ǰϴ˵ģɻʵ
ǣϽܵĵͳʵȲûкｻֻ֡ǽܵصϤ
˭ɻ󣬼Ȼǰϣ˭
կˣ˵ϵĵͳܾھկġﵹЩڰϵĵͳصõ˲ٱл嵱ƵľߡһʥлŻϢҪǣʥǿһطԿס԰ϵĵͳõһƷһƷʱʵáȻͷӡһߣǿһӡصԿס
˵⣬˶٣˵ǣҲܲӰϵͳسկ˵ǡǣܵõĶˣаߡ
կôǿΪܣܶܲˣʵ
˵Ϻܶ೬Ѻ쳾ʵһдﵽܵ͢ͻһֻ۱һֻˣֻҪΣ͢ʲô鶼ܡ˳ƺĴΪСҲСһڵ۹Сկһڡ۹УкܶطС۹ǹģн磬Щˡ
˵ͷԼǴܣ֪ܵսжôǿޱҪ۹ȷʵԸ
Ϊʲô֣ɻ󣬡ͷÿ˸˵ʲôɣ
ҡҡͷʱ߲Դǳֺ󣬾ͲϹйҲסԣҲֻˡϣԺԼһ
կдǿ𣿡ʵ
ҡҡͷĴڣǸʵ٣կ廹ĴڡдߣǴһʹ۹ǣҲ
ǾͺãһȥҽʿܰһЩæ


773 
ƲأĿУ֪Ǿկ˼ԵʣŲû̫֡
ƺܿȬ̺ܾȣ㶮ҽʿϾԼܵܽⶾǣʲôʱҩˣ
ҩʮֿݣػҲΪûлʱ䣬ƳҪĵҩ
ʿʥŮȻԼȴǰƵҩǲñǿ١ڿػϣȲ졣
֣ʲôʱˣˮƽôߣ̾ã̫ˣ׻ʲôûֳ
̲뵽ʦĺ֣Լ޸Ķ֪ˡֻͷð̾ࡣ
ʵһֱڹע̣ͻȻ࣬оþޱȣо١
ιôһ椣ֱ͸ˣûժײײֱۡ
Ǿ޺Щ˷ܵģЦáϲ͸͵ġ㣬ӳĶܿ
ȸ㶨ĳĶŮ˰ɡһ
ԭ˷̬ܵ˲̱¶һ㣬ҿûϷˡϲ͵ġ
̲סһźݺ߹ȥһ׳աԼûģôȥŮˣҲ˵ٽҲһ׳աұҪ֪Լ̹±˶Լ
һܣһ֮ӣ׼ĸ棬һһбµĸһŮ˶š˵С鳡ϣһӶгϢˡ
㲻ҲöϽתƻ㣬ȥկ壬ва
Щɣƺ֮󣬾ǰȥկסһسӡʱ׺ԼǷԵģϾկ岻
û뵽ǣŹֵŮ˾ȻӦŮ˶Ӧس廵ͷԵҲϴӦ
ֻʱԺָһЩǵ̲ס
̼ŲӲһίģ̲סΪ͵İɣկûд棬κβ㡣
Ԫ㣬㵽вУҪǲеĻȻȥءǲɣկ嶼Ҫ𡣡ߵ˵
죡̲סˣѾԼУҪΪҲС
ŭˣԼһߴжһǿȻвСѾģԼǿ

̬ⷬȣڱ˿ڣֻܸžկķȥǣһ֮󣬼㻹ָоȤߵߣҪ׽ĶԼ㶨ˣһһԼˮƽȥ㶨Ķ
ǣʹ̣ĴҲ
ܴˣԼѵ治Щĵϲɣ
㿴ԴЦļ˵ڰ
ȭͷһȭͷݺݵش㡣
ʹУһڵĿĵأ㿴ǰһɽկɽկʮϹɫĽǰЩξƯˡ
ˣǾկһկկ壡￴ǰɽկ͵ߣžųߣÿһկһߡܲͿˡ
˵ͷ໥һۣ˲Űկȥ
ʲôˣվסߵկſڣаկ˷֣ŭȣֱֳָ㡣
կһ㲢ûΪԷĻֹסŲΧߵ˺ȵ͸ҹ
˰ԵĻðկŭաǾկôã˸衣ǵ۹ҲǶӶ
СӣȻԲѷ
ɱǣկ˴ȣֱֳݺݵȥıɨһָۣ㶯ڰկߵıϣ˲䱬ѿƬƬڰկߵϣİǵ嶴дž֮ɫʵĵڵϡ
˲˿ϵŰկǰһ·е赲ǵˣȻɱ֮䣬Щһڵϡ
ǿƣԭ׼ֵˣʱȻѣҹ㡣
˼ǲԼ֣ȻǷϡŲӲϱƽɽկ
ȥ֪ͨϣ߷Ӧıկ
ҲֹӲ첻ǰ
СӣҾկ£
Ҫﵽկʱ򣬼ŭ⼸ŭȣկһǵϳ֣ܵס⼸˰ɡ
ȵ𵴶˺Ȼˣռ䶼Ҫ˺ѣεֵס
һ벻֪ͷ࣬Ȼ¡ǲ֪
ǣ˵ļЦδꡣԭϯ˶ȥĵסֹھ˲һ׵ĵط
˲˼УֻһһĳǺȻŵĿֱֲľȥбֱӺ϶ȥ
걬Ʋռһ˿ûдǣȴɫ䣬屬ӣҪߡ
ٶٿ죬ⱬ׵׷ǣǵϡǵľУ⼸ոջҫϣҽеĻᶼûУ屬ըѪɢһأе꼤Ҫߡȴһ̣С
Ȼһ㣬һЩСǿԵġѼǰȥ
˿Ǹ߸ϵԷһжסӽŰȫ亹ðȻĶˡ
һ·ϣϼܳΪϣҲаʵǣǰȴͬƬһ㣬׵ľͱɱ
Զľ룬ȴʮС
һ浹ɱ˰կ峤֮Ƶİկ峤ɽկļѹ˶
ܵԷѹµƣ㲻мĿ˶Էһۣߵ˵Ķ
ֻһ
ͷȥǰկɨˡ˽ҶԸ
ȻһЦϽ̤ߡȻҲûţһôôܡ
կ峤˿첽ɽկȥ裬Ҫ˵ȴŤռ䣬İѶԷĹ
쵰߾̲סŭһĿŭ㡣
ңܿ·ЦſŶԷ˵
կ峤һƬҫ˸Υȴ벻ԷɱҸոҲˣɱУ˵
ҲػŵǬʩչһƺݺݵŶԷȥһðկ峤ɫ䣬¶֡
һƺ£կ峤ĻᶼûУͱգڵ棬ҳһӡ
կ˿Ǿη˰峤ȻֻǱԷһƺˣһ


774 ɨ
㣬ֻԪɨկض顣ȴ˶ΡΡĿ㣬·ħһ㣬ǺȻ֮ɫ
ÿָ㶯ѶԷ˳կ峤ӦӦһĻ𺳲ѡرǵֻ֪һо˰կ峤󣬸Ǿò˼顣կ峤Ȼھ֮ҲԪʵһ˶ԷԪʵǿЩˡ
̶ֲ֣ڿѰկ峤Ķѹθɾ֮󣬺㲢漤ȥ
￴˱Ӱ̲סһȷʵǵԤϣǿҲˡ޶˵ŮˣҲֲĿԡոճּ䣬ԼĸоĵԷʵﵽܡ
࣬УŽҴﵽܡȴû뵽ŮҲܴﵽܣҪԼǰлԽеģȴܵһ㣬ͷɥ
Ȼ顣˵һʰһԪ̫ѵ顣ϾþŵǬԪ޷ܿһС
Ȼ޷ܿԶֵİկ峤Ǿֻбһ·ߡ
ȻһĻڰկ˵𺳿֪˽ŵðź⣬Ŀʮ뿪֮ŷӦһ̱ڵϣǾ֮ɫ
ȥ֪ͨկˣ
˷ӦǿѹеĿ־壬կ⼤ߡ

أ
Ͻȡһ߲ʹתȫɫʵߵݸ㣺կ幩ǵʥأ׾پҵˡ
һƬȴûиоȵ۶ûиоĵ
ƺ֪ɻ͵ֻоųߺ£ߣܱʥʱҵõʱ򣬾ɢġҪȻʥҲȡġʹǾկˣͬҲһһһ
˵ͷһߵݸߣӿٶȣһվ٣ҪûзӦ֮ǰҪȻկһѶȾͼӴˡ
ͷһ㣬Խռ䣬һĿĵر˹ȥ
կ峣걻ҶƣɽկضǺģԱƺΪկ塣կˣҲͬ츳֪ΪƵĻѪԵʣһƫԣԹʮֿݡ
ҲΪԭ򣬺կկҲеȣʵԶկ塣
ﵽһ֮󣬿ǰһƬɽկȴû˿ֱͣǰ
ʶһ֮֮󣬾ͲˡЩҫζ
վס
կȻկҪǿկԶĵط˷ǵӰŭȵ
ǣĻû˵Ǿ;ķ֣ԭŰ׾ˣ˲͵ǰһһƺ˳һֵûУ͵˵ϡ
ĳ֣ҲկˣϮϮ
ڼĺУկ˱ֱֳ߿ֲĻ棬նյĿռ죬ܵ¶ֱ
ɨһЩ˼Ļ棬Ǵżӣָһ㣬ȥȼնĻȻı⡣
汻⣬һìܵĽǴ˿ȴĳ˵ǰʮ
ȥûΪĻֹͣںկ˾Уһ⣬ϰ˲䱻ᣬ¶֡
ƣ
һĺ֮У˲䱬ʧһɶͬģűߣҲѿ
֮˰ˣ㿴ûпһۣɲϵǰȥ
ﰵզ࣬ȻġԼȻ˵ɱ˵ȻȴЩǿˡ
ò˼ǣ̶֮һɱկ˵ľٶҲ˿ûһ˿仯·Ȼģ
ָ㶯ѹ˶ߵȼܻǣƬ̾ͰЩ˷յķ顣
￴һĿбӣȻ㣬̲ס˵Сʲôʱ˵ˣУһ㶼⣿
ɨһۣ˵Ҫ֪һ壬һ˶ûߡףЩ΢ˡɱ˶Ѿҳ㷹һˡ
һ㶣漴Ц㿪ʲôЦɱһ壿㵱ǶİĹ壬ҲһǿܵʵǰȥѡȻ˵˹壬Цһ㶼Ц

ҲͣûԸšʵģ
ȻͬһɱһɱǰĺկˣǺկɲηֱֳ
ǶԷĳɱ˵˿𲻵ãһָ㶯֮䣬һӶӺկ˷ճɻҽ
ɱ˶˵ѾʲôˡЩСսͿıʡ㱻ɱǱɱ㡣
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㿴һȭͶԷ֮ĹһԭߣõɳȥջһμԶľ֮ŵĿŸոսһȭꡣ
Ǻկˣ㿴ű˵ĺӣ˵Ԫ԰һˡǣⲢҫıǮ
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կ峤ʱע⵽ߵɫһ䣬û뵽ĶӾȻɱǣİ֣
կ峤Ǹǵ֪ǣƣĴ󽫺Լ޷ŸҳֶԸ
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λϣһ֡
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˵ʲôȴ̵סľǣõʵסܡ
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˵־ٶҲ˾կկΪ֮ŭŭѡɳǿߣǰ׷ɱˡǱǣԷĽһɽկͺ޹ɿԣ׷ɱʮ鷳
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һկ壬ͱԷΧʩչֶΣ˶ԷΧɱ峤կһɢ
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կǾկһ壬ھկклȨȻһʵҲ൱ĿֲԴ˴׷ɱ˵ĴУɳܲ뵽׷ɱС
ʱ壬ȴһɫ࣬ѿҪǸոյõϢկһɽկˡѾǵɽկˡ
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ԷƣҲż̺
̶һۣ漴ҧӰŻկȥǰȥѰߡ


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߿ٵı˹ȥȥµˣŵϵһƬǽ壬һĬѡ
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Ůô˵ûзġЩ죬կ˶Ļ̻̣ɷɱɽկ
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˶ûģһĻֲ̻̣ѡ
կ峤ԼŮ㱣һļЦ˵޶ͷİɡǲʰǡ
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ãկЩԼĻ͸оΡȻϲϾӣȴ޷ܾ
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˶һۣеľֻѹƲסС㣡կҲô˵ǶԷɽկݶߡ㲻֪ɽկܶ˶ﵽˡ߰Ǵ½쵱ÿһܱдһʷǵôֵˡ
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կ޲ϵİοˣЩ˵Ŀ־岢ûΪԷİο١һĲѣʱʱĿɽկ⣬һ˲˾ͻɱƵġ
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ΪկһŮ˫Ų£վȻ˫ĿӨվﾲһĻʮעĿ
˿ӰЩԡԭĵģȻеĲ꣬կżֻġҲ֪կǲǵģΪѾϾˡǿߵĶӣ޹ȥһկ޾ͽ߸ϡݱҪ
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կվһҲ֪Щʲô̬ûмֶãĽ͵ıĿ⿴Զ
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779 
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ˣѡ˾կǿկ塣
կ¶֣ЩΪ̫ǿˣƾկֳϦĸоڿָ֮оΪǿҡ
կ޿ǱϦӰɫݶˣͬ𾪡²ԷԷǰǱ⡣
ѵǾ˾կı²ɣ
˾ҪߵɽկУկ޵˵ǰ˵ѵһҪ˾կɣ
ŹֵĿһȻǰ˴ԼŮʶԭ׼ֺɢ⵲ɽկſڵҲͣĿ⿴
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կǿӲ̾һΪ׵ľųߣǸǣĲܻɸΪ𣿡
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կȻ֪Լ׾ԲܷŹ˾կ壬ʵοؾߡ
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̶һۣĵˡկ޳ȻȲϳĶȴͬ޶ˣһˣęذ׼ϲĿζǣСӾȻľ顣
СҪԳĶǿƣ˵ͰѳĶˡֹһûг֡
˵ĶԻУ֪è塣˵ʲôţбҪһ¡ҪȻԼһֶӶû׼
㻹Ǵͬ߰ɡɽկдʱ޵ǽȥѰ·ѡկ̾һĿЩԹĿһ
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ﻰ£ƱӿƲϯľ׷ɡ弤ȥկޣɽկȥ
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կʹȴ˷ֺĿ⿴㣺ʵƲկǾƵˣ
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Цɨһկް͹µ壺ûϵҪΣգͰ㵲ǰ档
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ʲô㣿ϸƤģζţҪҪϵĸݴУȰ꣬կ塣㶢կޣǴżζĿ͹£ջޱȵĽɨ˿ĳȡ
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կ峤Ʊӿѹ˶ȥоѹƣɫ䡣Ŵﵽܶѣ޷סԪơȫһ죬һصĲ
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˵֮䣬ƶϡ˺ȻǣϣȻûжһ˿һӰ죬ۿŶԷ
կ峤ɫֱֱĶ㣬ǰһĻȷʵúܹ죬СӾȻ°ȻԷطԵʣʵǿֵز
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կ峤ƣʱ˷ӿֳˣЩ˰ΧһڴͬʱЩҲԼ䵽һ˰Χλá
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ϵĺ֮УǰŵˣȻÿֳһˣҲ˻ʮֱֳԱӿЩƬӡ
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ݣկ峤һ˵ϣȵ㻹Ĺ
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оĪѹɫȴ䣬ɴЦκңֱΡǲɻկ֮㵽ȥ𣿱͸ǣʧЩ죬ȥʲô
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կ峤ĺУ˵һ۳ֱֲۣȥ֮еһжķ飬֮ŭʱŭǷֵܵġ
㣡춯ɽܡЩżˣ۸ֵܵģȥ㶯ӵе֮ɽʬ޷ƥС
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δ棬뷨󣬼ֱ
ЦҲδأ˵Ҿķ󡣡
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ǣȵûзаܰ㡣ЦŻ˭
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˵ʱӡһҲɨС޺ۣɱ¾ء
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һĿ⿴ҽеˡֻԭѪɫҲЩ͡ɻУͻȻеĵߵͬݺݵȥ

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կ峤ǣÿЩɱ֮󣬶ɡҧȥ
ݶ񶾵Ļ棬˾ëȻ
կ峤ĺڷӦѪɫѾկɱеĴǿߣɵɻ
կ峤ҲʶšǰһĻȻǴ˵м񶾵Ķɻꡣ
쵰կ峤ΪʲôԷ˵ƽǵķˡѹֶԷ첻ӰˣԭЩܵƶ
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կ峤㣬䵽ǰӿֱңҲɱ㡣
һЦʮ㣬񣡡
˵ʱŵǬʩչŶԷһӭȥվȲϾԪˣ²ȶ籬ըһ㣬һӳ֡
ûзһʰ㡣կ峤˿û飬ٴһ޻Σȫǽ
կ峤Ȼ֪˵αԷɱģǴԼԷԪԼ㹻ѹɱˡ
㿴ŶԷһľƣӰܿ˶Էһկ峤һƺϣһƬȫݡ
կ峤ûйݵĿռ䣬ٴκɨвɱĲݵĵزͬʱżϺ֣Ů˸ɱˡСԸ
ԷˣһͣĲһҧŶԷ˵ǵΪɱǲɣ
۾ܣ
ĺ£һֱûжõɽ棬ڶˡֻ㶯ɽ壬ɫ԰˼֡
կ峤һʬǰǴЦһʬ廹ıĵ·ɡһɽݺݵĺ˹ȥһ߰ѶԷ˼
ǣһƽӴɽʱ¶֣дŲšײһ˲˼УѪɳȥҲѿһѷ졣
һ֮£կ峤Ȼشڵ
ףկ޿һĻд󺧣ӰǰһѰױӿĹɹѪҺ
һƻ˶ԷĿҲߣָ㶯䵽ɽУۣһһƺ˹ȥ
һƺ£һҲش屬ѿڷ걻ץס뵽ɽʬС
˿ɽƣһԪһԪսһȻӰԶ䣬Һɽ潻֡ʱҲϽɽջͼ֮С


781 ͸
̱կ弸ϣһһߣɫ԰׵㣬ŵĵʵô
ҡҡͷתϢһҲͼ֮бӿ֮Уָ
һս㶯õĶǴСŵǬĵһЩǶɻԼɽĵˮһ㣬ĳȡ̶ʱ䣬ͱȡ˴롣
ҲҺԼǿ̫࣬ҪȻͱˡҲ㲻Ը⶯ɽԭ֮һΪ̫ãҪҩָˡȻʮϰٿҩݡҲ˷ѡƵҩأЧȫչֳ֡
ҴʱﵽԪӦʵһЩߵȵҩɡܶҩˡֹһ
ɫĻָ̺һĿ⿴կˡ
Щ˼ĿɨǣкȻҺǶӣ˺󼸲ǺȻ֡
޷ţ峤þԪĳǿߣȴԷһƸˡǿǲ˼ġ
ǲΧԼ̵Ȼϡ˰Ŀ⿴կޱŵկ峤ϡ
կɫ԰ף滨꣬޵϶˼ҼС㿴ҧ촽ĸһѰҵľȡ׸㣺Źկ壬ŹҸףⶫȥ
ЦܣⶫӦùǡΪʲôҪŹ㸸ףѵƣɱҲɣ㶢կ˵ϤķϣҲ㣬㸸׵ԸⱻһԪҪ봫˵ǡ
կĻǲ԰˼֡
ҪβܷŹҸףկ޶㣬в⡣
ζĿկޣʲôںأ˵ʲôǽġ
կ޿㣬ͻȻվ޳һ滨ģʮ
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˵꣬կֽ⿪ϵ·䣬׵䡣¶磬Ըеɼ˫׻ĴȣҲ¶һ㡣ı¶ǰʲôܵĸҹȥҪⱩ¶ٱ
ǣ磬ȴΪ֮ˡ
կ޲ǾկĵһŮʮ־㿴ǰ׻ȣӿһЩ˵ĸо
使ԼǲҪһ⽻ˡ
ʱ̺ݺݵĲһŵ˶ʲôö
ѣһͬ޶ˣԳϵ̡뵽ڳмһĻһ̱Ůˣй޲㣡
ѾģӦôӦʿǾ˵Ů˸ȢˡֹһЩˡ
̼Ҳ뵽ںеһĻɫ̲ס糺
һկµɨУһ׸ʲô¶ѸҿΪջˣ
˵⣬˶٣ָָߵ˵˵Ϊ㻹ܳ
կһ㶣Ŷ潿ޱȵŮˣԷÿһһ欵ŮˡԲλ࣡
Է˵㵭˵Ϊѡǣܱ֤㸸ܲ鷳𣿡
Ѿһɬˣ֪նݲ紵Źջ鷳
կҧ촽ܱ֤㣬׵Ը˴γ˴һֻġ
ȻˣǾɱ˰ɡ㵭˵
Ҫ֣կ޵ǰҪɱɱҡ
㵱Ҳɱ㲻ɣЦȭϣҪһƺȥ
㣡Ҫ֣̲סס㣬ҡҡͷŹ
ջȭͷһۣһȡ̿ȣɷ˷ۣ쵰һϷҪЦȻҪ̽Ůʲôϵ
Ů˻ԣֹ
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һӴ飬Ȼ׷ɱѾˡҪϢһ鷳˵꣬ߡ
Ұһûɱأ㱻ߣϵĺò״ڳһĻô;ء
̲Ľк漲ߡկ˿Ͻߣܿˣóһ·
ҲвˣĿƵĿǾկĵһϣʱⷬģ˾ϧҲĳկ޺ǰ꣬϶ŲͬѰܡ
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˵꣬ͣתߡ
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㱻ţȴҲ仰̲סתͷկޣϣѾѪɫˡ
ͷҲصȷʵЩһӦòôġԷ״ҲǾµˣǨŭկޡ֮仹δ֪ܡ
뵽⣬㲻ɵһ̣ոԼϷȥ˵Ͷ֪ˡǣ˾Ͳɵˡ֪Щԣ졣
һǺģͻȻСʥǱʡ˼˵ʵҲʥǱʵġǣʥһ㼴ʹ򻨴йƬҶմȣСûѧġԣʥһֱɲˡڿǰС̸һȥǲʡ
̼㻹˼˵һۣҲ㡣
ߵߵ￴һۣһĬĬǰ档
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̲ס³һʡ
ȻһЦԼһҪܸڳǰԼҲǱȺʷôһΣֵԼˣ
˵ģҾկ㻹ǿԿµġĲˣ𿴵ЩĶûļһס漣ˡոռ·ʱҾ㾭ܲסջ󡣡
ܲסջɡĵĿһۡ
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կǿһ屻ƵϢͬХϯⷽԲǧľ롣˾ò˼飬δȻƾկˡǿһ嶼סµ廹ܵס
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̫ǿˡȻܱƵľկİأ
и̾ҲկҪᵽȥ
ܿǲկǰλãһɫʮֹŹȥλǲİǵĽأΪһΪĴڡһλ棬һϵߡΪ֮ĤݵĴڡ
ߣо͵Ǵڴߵ飬ΪѾ˴֮
ϾߵĶӺ;կһկ޶ˣԭΪԡڿˡҪȻôȥϾߵĵ̡ﵽ־˭ȥ״š
벻İԡϾ߳档կˣѵԷǰȥϾɽ𣿡
˵ΪһʥߡʱѾõ߽ˡصòǵͬﰡ
ǿϧˣ
˸̾ʮֿϧǿôྫõ߽ؼߣҲᱩװɡ

ϾɽϣһļžʱȴޱȡԭԵϾɽЩӷסկǧˣӿ뵽ɽ塣
ϾɽɽϣһƽԭƽԭŸֽЩǰ棬һԡԭžմȾĻУȴӰмŻڻԵλãǧ򻨶ΧЩʻУ˼ֳ֮ɫ
ˣΧһֻʮߣӵߣһ꣬곤൹Ǻ˧ߣֻѡǣԱߣ˶쳣Ŀͬģ佱֮ʺεǶȥ¶΢Ц
꣬ϾߵĹӣʱ˵֮еŭ΢΢һЩ
ǰЩ죬˿һǲŵϢկĵһˣδޣȻڶ˵棬°Լ׸֪ðꡣԭͲ˽ܣȻֻһףվǱ˿һЩ⡣
ϾӶԼŮ˱Ϳ̣ԼŮ˾Լ˽ƷԲ˿ˡֻǵ㴺⣡ͬܣ
Ͼӵͱŭйһ˲ٶת뵽կ޵ľջ
ǣȴһԼŮˣȻԼ壬ⲻǴԼʲôҪǣȻԴ˲мһˣԼȴŮǱⲻ˵ԼǵԣϾӾöѹĻ
ܴʱЦ棬ǹŭ⻹޴й
ɶٴˣҪΪ鶯ŭȫûбҪͬҪġں춥ô꣬ȴһֱ벻˴ܣΪԲߵЦ˵
ǣϾӵǲ׵Ļͷ
˹ΪۻʰӣĿɨڻеˣ΢΢̧̧̧֡˶ס˿ڡ漴Ϊ׵˵˵˵ô£
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ߣǰЩ죬õһʥߣԭ׼׸ߵģȴ벻δ׸ߣͱǿˡҾկկ߽ؾ߶ˡҵȡ˵⣬峤̲ס
Ͼ߿һۣȻǵĻԷҪİѾ׸ĻȵƵ·ߣɽ
ȻҲƣŶԷ˵˵ˣ֪ǲģǾկԴҲһƴôױԷկ
կ峤ϽشԷȷʵֻˣʵǿֻһˣկƵġ
˵仰ʱկ峤¶֣һʿΪʹķ𲻵ãԴܵʵˡңկ峤ҲǶԷ֪ôʩչۣһشկ峤
Ͼ۾һȤһ˵Էӵͨͨǿռ֮ǺǣҪûĻӦǾŵǬˡô˵Ӧҵһλˡ
һλɻĿϾߣˣһλǴǵ۹ĵߡ
Ͼ۾¶˼־ȣ벻У˴ǺǣŮҲˡǵ۹ԵõϹŴУʵֲҲ֪ǲģˡϾ嶼ǡλҲǻá
կ峤۾һҪϾ߶ΪǳͷǾ·ˣߣѾ̽ˡȻǿţ޷֣ǲŸҡ
ǳΪĹӲŶѹˣҵĵΪҵϾߵһۣ漴Ҫǿʥķϣ治ԸɽʹҵݣұĿɽҲԸǸȻ
ߣǡ˼ˣҪϾ߶ǣǱɡ
İɣ׼ҵķϣһỤסǵġϾ˵Ȼ˼ɣҲǡ
Ͼô˵һһ
ףǼȻˣʲôʱȥץǣϾɺ޲ץסˡ
Ͼ߿Լһۣ漴˵Ѿȥ̽ȥˡ
һһһƨϾֻ֣߳·һ
ǣϾ߷Բǧ޵С˵ĻûûֹġϾߵϣǱ
ߣץˣȻҪǧУƽϢ֮ޣɶĻ쵰
һ˷ܲѣϾʲôҪˣ˾ͲѷɣⷽԲǧ֮ڣΨܣκС󣬶Ҫ֮ŭնɱ
ԣǳ׷ˣϾ֣߳ǻʲôĵģǾֻҪСӱɱϢǵĶǡ
һ˷ܲѣ
˷УһСòϤֵȴȴ˵ĶĤ˶͵վ
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˽ǺȻϾɽϾߵĻصأҲ˸Ҵ
漴ĿתϾˣҪǵķӦ
կˣȴ۾ƵĶˣǲνϤǣǰ㣬Ҳû뵽ԷȻ֡һĿΪ֮һ𾪡
Ӱϵǰ뻨УһһߵĲ졣ǣȻĽȫһȻڻУ޸ոյɣͬҰıľ岻ôųġ
Ųͬشһô˵࣬Ŀⶼ۵ϡ
뻨еˣһͬһԭأոյ̸Цʧһɶתһʴӵ𾪡
ô;˼޷ô
ʶ˵ϾɽˣȴɻĿ𾪵ľկˣɻʲôЩǿ˶ݡ
կһû뵽Ǹոտ佱Ͼߣʱ˾ͳǰö֮ĳǰ鵭Ȼ
мկ˸ϽγŲִٵ趯ѻԵĻ䶼侪š
λϾɻĿžկʵ
Էûлش𣬿ǴӶԷУˡϾĶˣеĺⲻơ̵ʱһ־֮ϾЩʧŮ˽款ԣλկһ˵δޣҲҪջ֡
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֮ƽ˵ľ֣ǶԷկկ峤סǣСĵطϾ֮ѵսϾ߲ɡ
뵽⣬һСӾŷ֮ܣվֻһܶѣܺһƬ޵еϾ
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Сӿ϶֪ߴͶϡ
ߴ޵Уһ仰˵öԷͶϡ
СӣΪͶϾկ壬ضҪ

һвĻﲻȴûпԷĿ⿴ϾߣǴЦ⡣
Ͼ߿ŵˣоȣҲ벻ԷɽšϾ߷ӦָԵõʥˡ
ʥǰˡǺǣʶࡣʥǵݣһ治öǳ֡Ͼһ˰֣ʱӰ˼ӡ
λţñû뵽Ҳ
ϾߴԲǧ޵дڣе飬֮䣬治ͬ졣㿴ϾЦǰϾߣ߲ɣ
ǺǣﻰӺǰšҲһָ֡޵еֻ˵˵ѣĳƺҪ˵飬СϾ˵
ڶԷ֪Լݣһ㶼⡣ЦЦ˵Ͼ߿ˣҪ޵Уôӻ
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Ͼվǹ˼ˡȣСҪͶϵĻϾ߻Źǡկ̾һʮΡ
ϾЦǲ׼ң׼ѣܲܲɡ˵λĪĹϵǺǣλһ˵𣿡
ЦҪʲô˵
ĻϾ˵λݣҲù֡ͿλԼ˼ˡ
ЦЦҲ˵תͷկˣҪ˵𣿡
Ŀɨǣկ˾ŵĵˣ֮䲻ɱĲ̤˻ԣĿ־壬ǸѹƲֹԣϾǰ˾֡
㿴һĻЦϾ˵ߣҲˣǸͲҪҵĽ
Ͼ߿һ۾կˣЦЦ׼˵ʲôȴϾɶ˵۸δ޵㣿
ŹֵŤͷǰܳʵȲԼ꣬Ǳĵʵ˭ʲôҲʸ˵
ܶûдﵽֱȲԼ˧ʱۿһۣ
㡭Ͼŭ㣬ŭ⣬ŭյɫǺ졣ΪϾߵĶӣʲôʱյ衣˭ǹʹկԪ峤Ҳ
Ǵ˿̣ȴһȳ⡣
Ͼŭ㣬׼֣ȴϾסһϾɣĿת㣬ɫЩÿȮӡ
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СǲͶϵģ˼ҵϣȻҶ伥ɻ
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ЦҸǽǲѡǣǣկôǽǺǣկߣͲӦҪ𣿡
һ仰þկŭ죬ȳ⣬ȴϾƶԷկѵ𣿡
һ㣡ȻǾկˣǾ;կҪȫ˲źʡЦе˵Ϊأ
쵰
ԲѣϾɽ
ߴˣСӡ

կϾ߳һŭȳ⡣
ڶԷĺȳţĿ⿴Ͼߡ
ϾߴʱɫҲתˣСӲͶϵôţΪԼƢͲҶʲôɣЦݣסɱºܶҪмԼ
˵˵ɣҪʲôϾ߶㡣
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һž
϶͸ŹŹֺͷ˼һ͵Ŀ㣬ǿţŤ
ڶĿأϾǿԼŭʧЦ
ǾǰҵãҲկ޴ߡ
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784 ƾʵ

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Ͼ߱ĵĿ㣬һܣΣԼݣΪ𣿾ȻԼǰԿڴƻƣҪԼĶϱߣⲻǻ֮
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ֱӶԷ˿ΪԷŭɫ䣬ĿϾ˵ΪأܷĿġ

ЦǰŶӣᶼЦǾСķˣկΪԼ޵ˡȻϾǰѵΪһܣ뿹⴫治ɡ
֪治֪Ķң
Сӣ֪֪Լ˵ʲôϾɶ㣬ոձԼѹƵŭûйʱţ޲ȥ
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ЦϾߣɨһ۾ͱǰʯϵľߣֻһأҪկޡ
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Щȥ̽Ͼߵʵƽ⣬ƵҩˡûҩƵҩǺܶҩȴ֪϶١Ҳ⣬˲ٺõҩȻȲֱҧʳҩݵҩҩҲ˷ˡ
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ҪƷףԼʵȻ˵ܽ˽ΡԼĿʱ䣡
ڴʱ˵ʱֻвϵʵܱ֤ȫҶ˵кбס
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ǣҲǣ̫˶ԼеˣΪҵ̫ԵʣһЩҲ˿ңһ棬ҶԼɱġ
ѾϾȴŭˣ񱩵ĳɽȥǣٴ󡣶κβ˶ԷԷεǣסûа취
կ峤կ峤ǳСӡϾߴ󺰣ԷԪԼڲ֣ѵǻܳ˶ԷɡԷϾĵ̡
ԷĻ̲סͷתȥһկ峤һȺˡկ峤һȺ˱ĿɨУһ̲סдźȻҶ֡
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ǱɽסεĿؾ߱ߡһȻޱȡ
ģžկ˶ҳ֣Ͼдȴ޿κΡǲ֣ԼڲֶԸ㡣
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㿴Ҫмŭһŭұ졣ҪȻһᣡ

ŭĻĶסԭ׼˵Ļıϡֻܿկޡ
ôϲǲϲҪ˵һ仰Ҫ˵ҾͲ顣ҲС⼸ʧǵġ㶢կ˵Ҫϲ͸ߡ
կҧ촽촽ҧһЩѪ˿ȴһ仰û˵
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һŰϾߵһԣ̡
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ǰסկ޾׼뿪ŭ㣬ȴ˰ֵҪʱȢȥѹկˡ

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סǾͱɣرϾڶԷбϣϾ߸ǻʬΡ
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ȴû˵עӣ㲻ͻ𣿱ҪͻƲأʲôʸԸң
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ϾһλǿߣҸǿܶ࣬չھһɽ塣ΪҸⷽԲǧǿĴڣΪԡҪ֪ȥλϾɾֵ
üŶԷ˵㵱һôɵ𣿼ȻҲ֪·ɡ


788 Ͼ
治ҵʲôܣ㿴ǰϾɣҪˣûܱסˡ
ϾеľβסӲźƶ治֪治֪״ûи߹ҡֻһλߴ֪
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˵ıӰ˳Ĭô룬Ҳ벻߶ڶԷС˵ȥ˭ţ
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˾ηĿУ˻µϾɽһ·裬˿ǶԶԶıܿ
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ˣҲǿп޵̬ȡֻǣŮ̫ޣ볢ζѡ
ҲգʹӦ㡣Ͼ뻹˵˵ɱͿˣɱԼܵõٹ֧֣ʱ򣬴ﵽ۾Ҳпܵġټͨºδȥã
뵽⣬Ͼ骾˷ﵽ־磬Ů˶ȡζˡںô
ߡ˵
㣡㡭żҲԵס߽סвļһҲ˵ͨԷҪͶԷƴʱ򣬻Ϊһ·
ȻҲ֪ɫЩ仯ôǴ˿ȴ쳣ˡȥȡԼû˲˸жģ̿㣬ѵõ顣
կ޴ʱͬҧ촽Ȼ㡣ǲòϣȷʵܲվϣһ㶼ûһУΪԼֵܳͷʱΪԼֵܣҪˡ
կһʱĺһ˵ĺû
ߣһԸ߽״棬޷ֵֻΪȡǼǻ裬̲ס
￴һ㣬漴ҧҧݣ˵ͬͱס
ߣ̺ӣҲãҪһ˵Ļƾٶȣ˵ߣּ̾СĿûЩ׸Ļһߡ
ﱻסҲ׹ͷת뿪
ʱҲ˵ҪܻŻһῼǸСġ
̲סһŮҲ湻ģʱŴӦ欵Ľر̵ͦƨɣ̲סѪȣһŮСȷʵѪ͵ġ
Ů˻ǻ̼ˡģΪСҲŬһѰ
Ŀ뿪Ͼ˵ڿԽ̸˰ɡȰˣʲôܷߣٴץǻ
㶢ŶԷ˵ҴӦ̸㣬Ȼͻ̸㡣ֻǣܲѧᣬҾͲ֪ˡ
Ͼ骶㵹ǲģһܶѧᣬѧ᲻
Ȼ
һһߵķҲ֪һԷʵҪǲȡһʱ䣬ºܿͻᱻԷ׷ϡϾһ߽״棬ӶԷô׷Լ֪ˡ
뵽⣬ǷܶԷǲˣ뵽⣬˵㿴ˣ͸ʩչ
Ͼ骶ʱ񣬶˵ͨջ̫ˡ
㿴ŶԷˣָҲ趯һ֮仯׭׭ãɽӡ
Ȼ˿ζûУԷʩչɽӹŶͨ
ʩչٶԽԽ죬׭۵ԽԽ࣬ɽԽԽԡȻɽͨʩչûһ˿ıеľ趼չ֡
ϾԭҲΪ֣û뵽Сô˷иޱȡ


790 ŭ
趯ԽԽ죬ŷļ䵽գһĽǶȹճɽӣ֮䣬ɽӵճһѹϢӿֳϢȻѹסϾ骣ҲϾ𺳣һܱѹ൱˾ﶼҪѹƵģһ޵еѹ
Ͼ骺ѹסʵ̫͵ԵʡҪʩչﶼҪѹûκζܳѳȥ
ͨȻûе۵ϢȴܱȴϾ𺳣ɫǳȣûе۵Ϣ˿ֲҪǵʩչǺεȿֲ
뵽⣬Ͼض㣬ҲľٶĿʼ䶯һģҲա
Ļط׭ʼĻ۳ɽӣĻȣɽӡɽӸո۳һΣͱķХһĸɸɾƮɢ˿
һĻϾ骺ɻԼĶûʲô𣬿ΪʲôԼ۵ɽȴܱ״ɢͺ֮
㿴ŶԷɢɽӣǴżӡԼʩչɽӣΪŶԵʣŶûǺֵĿԼУԼе
ԷѧԼֻΣͨ˵Ҫ񡣹Ŷѹ񣬸ĥ͸ġԣ̸ѧ᣿
ҲΪʲô̵ԷŵǬԵʣŵǬȻһЩѧȴסΪԷνڵģȻöԷѧ˹ȥ
Ͼ骼Լ۲ɽӷ׭㺰
ԷĻǴżӣٸʩչʮ˱ΣѵѧȥãԼʩչ飬ҲסϾ骵ʱ䣬ǰȫġ
˰ȫȻϢ뿪ӪҲڿԼܻ취ģԼİȫҲ˼ֱϡ
뵽⣬Ҳ䷳ٴʩչɽͨȻĵֲҲûʩչ壬ĳܷΧڡ
ǣϾ骾ĹעԼܵеΣʩչȴֻ۳һΣͱХɢ
ôϾ˵
ĵĿһ˵Ҫͨôѧĵǻͨ𣿲֮壬֮ǧ
Ͼ骿һ۵ϣ˵ʵҪʲôСҪȻ
ԼûбѧᣬȴΪˣСѵǲͨ𣿡۶ŶԷҪ㿴Ϊ档
Ͼô˵ҲոȷʵͨûЧ룬ͨϾչֳģѧϰҲԼҲܿһξʩչ
뵽⣬Ͼ骿˵ǾٻһЩ£
Ͼ骿ѧϰͨпܣȻôɱ㡣׼ߣ˵ֹһͨôߣÿȫѧ
ϾҲЩģСӻ̫áҵǰӪأ
һصĵطϾ骲뵽һϿȣǸطأϾԼҪػĵطǺԶÿһá
ߣϾ骶˵
㿴˶ԷһۣҲԷòϾԼĶֵ֣Ļʮа˾űʱһһ̡
˾㡣ߣҴȥĵطûҵĵϾ˵
Ҳ˵Ͼ骵£ָʾķȥ
Էˣ㷴һϾ̵Ѿȫˡ

һϿȣϿľʮأľǣҪ֪һϿȡ
֮Ͼ骾ϣһӿ뵽УʶסӡӲȥģʵʵĽ̤ͨʵ
оԼеӡУɫ˱䣬漴ŶԷ˵ӡν㣿
ֻǷӡ˾ųɣһȱڸ㡣ԣ㹻ˡϾ骵˵
仰һ䣬ȴ޿κΡ
طҲӡǰҲ޷֪ͨͷۣһʿԭҲ㹻֪ͨǣԷԶԶԼҪСģҲӡֻʣһɣȻܲ·ӡԼû취ɢϢȥ
뵽⣬͸оͷۣסʱ䣬˾ǰҲԼкã
ǵС˼Һ㻹ǰĵĽҰɡϾ骶㡣
Ҳ˵ĬĬĴϿУҪǱԷơطȷʵһĵط

ϿУͶԷһܣһУ㲻֪ʩչ˶ٴɽֻͨһɵʩչҲǺǿǣʹˣϾһ˿ûѧᡣ
Ͼŭˣŭ㣺СӸңǲʲôèСΪܶʩչһô棬츳ٵͣѧһܣҲץһЩƤëǣȴʲô
㿴ŶԷ˵Ҵ꿪ʼڲһЩɾͣΪѧɣ
Ͼ骹ŹֵĿ㣬Ҳֲ˵˵١֮ŵ˵Ȼ֪˵Ǽ٣Ǳѧͨˡ㲻Ľݹõһ׾Ǭ˵ѧûöãԽ̸Ұɡ
۾һŵǬԼֻǿһ飬֮ӡԺУȻԼиԭŵˡǣòϵǣŵǬҪѧϰŶͨѧĶࡣ
ϾѧʮɣҪѧ룬ȴпܵġ
ѧȥ룬㲻Ըˡ
ô𣿡Ͼ骶˵Ҫǲϣͱֱ·
ԷĻһһֶûѧᣬΪѧڶ𣿡
ܲѧҵ飬ֻҪ̾С
Ҳ̣ҲԸͶԷȥֱԾܾ
Ǿȥ
ɱҡѾȥˣӦǰˡ㶢ŶԷ˵
㣿ʲôЦطξ㣿Ͼ˵ɱҲ˿֪
ǿδأ˵ҵ㶢ŶԷ˵
ҷӡƬҲҷӡ˭ҵСӣȰĵĺáҪȻֱ𲻿
㶢ŶԷ˵ҪûӡķӡҲܴأܾܲң
ϾĻ΢΢һ㶣漴Ц㵱Լ˭ҲͻƵģ
𣿡ͻȻҲЦֲͻȻӿͷķӡȥֲײ£ͷӡ˴ĵطĲ𶯡
ⲻܣϾ骲ƣһ£ŵĿ㡣ȻͻԼķӡôģֻһܰ
ȴۿŶԷʱԼȷʵӡסǿЦΪԼӹ̡춼ûٷӡԼһιԼӡףҲ׷ӡסģʱ䣬ܿĨ˶ԷķӡֻԼһֱû¶ѣʱԷ˺ʱűֳ
ȵķӡ𶯲ѡ
ϾҲӦͻΣѵܷ첻ɡɱ㲻֮Ҷѣ㻹ܾ˭
ϾҲҧˣȻСƿزˣǾɱ˰ɡòͨõʥҲǲѡ
˵꣬һƴ޷ֵ˹ȥ


791 þ
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Ͼһƶ£ر䶯һƾҪĿʹٶٿ춼С
ֲѹѹȵݣһƾҪϡ
СӣͻҷӡΣ㲻֪ͨˣ˾㡣
ϾɫôãҲ˲ûѧͨһƾҪɱ
ۿҪϣǰͻȻһӰӰ֣ĵסϾ骡
۾ʬ
Ͼһƺڵ۾ʬϣֲʬȥȴӹһѡ
㵱ʬܵס𣿡Ͼ骼ʬǰ棬һӿֳһɽʬ˹ȥ
Ͼ骵ʵֲһƺȥ·ضҪƵģһɽʬϣɽʬҲѿһѺۡ
ɽȻǵ۾Ͼֻʬסͨ治ڻ£Ǹ߽״ֲƾʬס
ѷͬ֩һӿʹʬӵеҲס
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㿴ɽʬͬ֩һϵѿҲ۲ѡΪҲ˲㣬һȥʮɵ׵磬ǰδеŵǬŤתգһƺ˳ȥ
һƾޱȣİԵϾ骷ܵķӡȥ
ƵĿ𣿡ϾЦԼֻⲼһӡסܣһҲƿֱΡ
Ͼ骿ŵǰɽ棬һٴκ˳ȥһɽϣɽϵѺ۸Ǳ鲼һ˲ҪƵġ
˭Ʋˣ
ҲڶԷķӡϣϾ骲ŵǣһռ䳹׵ŤŤ֮䣬ķӡǣĲúһϡ
һƺ£ӡѿȵֱ𶯾죬Ʋʶķ飬̻Ѥ񱩡
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뵽⣬Ͼеʮɱɽȥʱֻһ뷨ȰСɱˣȻѾȡ߸ϽܡͨѾˡ
ģ֪СˣУӦɱĻᡣ
Ͼкڣ°ȴǺɽʬϡɽ浲סԷУڳܲס͵ıѿһըһܼȥ
ֲĳеĲľʵķ顣
㿴ɽ汻ķ飬ûп⴫ˡ
ȻҲ֪ʱʺۣ弤䣬缤ҪӴܡ
Ӳ˵ġϾ骼㼤գһ弤䣬ٶȱ㻹Ҫϼ֣һݺݵӡ˹ȥһ֮£ռ䶼ϵݣһ˲͵㲻Զ
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һ£ҪؿϣһҪܿζܲ¶壬ȫ亹ʪʩչңΣȴû漣ңҲûѹͻƽһΡ
㣬ֻܲĿһƾԼԽԽֱԼɱ
𾳺ǿ϶ѣ
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Ʋ󣬿ȴŴϢ׭ﶼ£һ£Ͼɫ䣬¶һܵĻᶼûУֻȫֵ
ǣʹߴ𾳵ʱȴͬһΨҶһֱıѿһӡڶԷؿϣϾѿһѷ죬ȫѪҺӿҽڵϣҳһ޿ӣŬҪŬ
ѪҺҲһƬȾѪ졣
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ҲҲѣҪǶԷ̫̰ҪԼͨԼ˼졣ͨ籨ŵʱ䣬ԼǽˡǾ⣬Ҫɽ浲סԷƬ̣ԼҪ
һΣǾһˣ
ô㣿ˣ㿴ˣʮ־ȣԭΪҲû뵽Լĸףոջ£ΧĿռ˺ѿܴ˺ѵĿռм
ǺǣǴʵǿôԶϢʱ͸˹һǲԶܴЦ˵СӻңҲ̫һЩҲǡ
ڨڨЦЦԼҲ֪֪Էǿ˵ʲôŵȥϾɽԸϾ߰
Լ׵ʵȴǾȣǿЩˡȻ֪ԷﵽжԶý˵Զûǲܵġľ룬գ۾Ǻεʵ
ֶԱ£һʰ𾳵Ե΢ˡ
˵صǰ㣬ܵ㱻ץߵϢ͹ˡ
׵Ľͣĵɡ
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޴Ͼ骾ޱȣ㲻ɱˣɱңϾ岻ưոݵģҲһߣڹĪĵλϾǿһɱңϾ嶨ȻΪС
ͻȻĴЦϾ骴Цв𣿡
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˵ָ꣬һ
㲻ô㲻ܡ
ϾҪ˵ʲôǻû˵꣬ͱָһ㣬ϣըѿУԷʬȴȼ
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㺰һҪǻո£ԷĲˡΣԷ֪ҪΪˡ
Ͼֵ꣬벻֪ܴܲбƳǸ
㿴Ͼ骵꣬ΪҪ궪˵㣡
Ȼܾ˵дá
ʱҲǰļЦ˵СӵǺҵĴһǺǣǿˡ뵽㵽ġ
Ȼ֪˵ʲôʼЦʱмѪڵϣ˼ѪǾˡ
ȻЦ΢΢һ㶵ʲôļѪҴһЩҳ㸸𣿡



792 ѯ
㣡ڻˣԼܻصӪ̵˼˷
ЦЦĿ⿴ĿƵĿ̣ŮɽޣֻһЩижѣŮ⼸죬浣ԼĵҪˡ
ֻݵĸоȴһۡ
ҿǼǵã㵱˵һ仰Ҵʱ룬СҪô㿴ŴҶɰĿ⿴̣ЦŶ˵
ɫ͵糺죬ֻͨζֲԸ䣺ߣ˵Ҿ͸һСƨҲɣ
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㿴һۣ漴Ц˵ȵϣ֪ǲСƨˣһ㣬Сġ
˵꣬գգ۾
åʶȤĲ˵ʱ֪һȫǺ޹˼ɣô˻֪˵ʲô̸⣬Լҳ顣
һ̣ҲŮ欽޵Щ֣öġеǾͶԷʲôϵ
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Ǻǣԭϼһĵӣѹѹ֣ǿߵ㲻ϡҲҪǰˣɣλҵĽֵܽܣС
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壡壡̹Ľ˵Ǻܾġʦ֪ԼʦǰڶԷСʦʵһͷǻǰڶԷУԷʵεȿֲ
Ǻǣȥʦ˵һСʿ֪ʿǸˡЩ˵ĵҪ˵ҩһáЦ˵
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ĻǴżֱӣеǸһЦġʿȥҩģֱǿЦʿҪȥˣͶˡʿᣬҩĶûУ˻˵ǣ
̿һ漴˵˵˰µ֮أҵõ˾ߣ
Ͻվǵģ壡
ʱҲˣ뵱ʱһҶԭΪҲһҶ뵽һҪ󣬾Ȼһ
쵰ǻװѾģݾȻȥҶվôݣдԭСʵô죬Ҹ治չ֡ԭŹĺܡ
Ȼ֪ʲô֪ҲýͣһȻ
ܸҿ𣿡ʵ
ϽѾȡ˵ҲЦ뿪ʱϾ骲ûвų˭ϡȻΪıȻǿϡ뵽һֱǸġ
žŽߣͽһҲû뵽ЩӨ͸ĳУ˲̽һ˵ͷ˵ȷʵʥϢģȷʵǻʥİµȷʵ˻һʥȡĶ
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˵ͷǺǣǷģڡȻǰѾߺ϶ΪһģõʱҰǷӡУܽһЩʥǵʵΡǰǣʥϿǡ
ʥ۾͵һʥֲرǻʥʥԶԶǵܱģҪܽʥĻԼʵ
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Ѿߵݸ漴㣬˵ȥϽȻֻһЩʱ䣬ܰʵֵزҸо档ҵľǶԵġңԴҲһܳʱʵ̫ࡣοԴͳվԼ߳·̤ʵ
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ܵһ仰㻹δͣԭոȴ͵վҲûй˼ĳɴ۾Ķ㾪ںʲôһ壬ɱһ۾
оԼԴ¡¡죬Ϣ̫ˡôܣǿǹ尡
㿴һۣ漴Ž˵ȷʵġʱЩԭԲܱʵҪٴ뱬ǲˡȻҲ²طԵʡϣûط
ȷϵĻü˶һۡ̾׼浱׿ڳϡо˼
Ҳһ뵽֮йִܶ೤Ԫ϶ΪԲģʹԼҲԸšֻǺϴ֣뵽ԾȻġ
һзɻ͸оһ㱡һֻ档
һ뵽ǰҸڴȥϢ㣬֮Ż˵ϸһ飬ɲԸšҿӡ𣿡˵
˵ͷǶԼ׵ˣȻϢй¶ȥ
ͷܶ˵ǳȥһ£ǺҪ̸
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̺һĻɫ͵һ׶ԷǶôӣͽԴǿǻҪ·ӡǶôСĺӡ
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һҲʼѪ֮һֱ㶼ҶѪΪһѪͻӡǣӡȻ˶ʶǣվЩǵϹϼһҪǴǵĶУǡ
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رʱɫҲĿƵĿ㣬ʱͷĸһӡǡӡǳ֣һɢʮĻꡣ
̿ͷӡǣоԼ궼Ҫһǰδеб̲š
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ͽҪΪͻϵǳǵӡǺơ֪ͬӡǵĺ壡
ͷצþòƽϢͽܶһۣ˵ĶͷҲһ̵ֻ֣˸оһĪѹ£ѹȵҪ¡ֻһת۾ʧһɶ
ͷӡǺŰ˾ŷƣΨͬľǣצֻצ
ͷӡǣҲЩȣ߰˷ƣҲ˵ԼӵлѪӵӡǡȻûצӡǣ˵ǴĻˡ
ͣһѪɵģһǻʥ壬Ӧ֪һ֣ϹҲǺպһ壬ǳ塣ͳ彻ãѪҲơԣ֮ͨࡣҲΪ⣬ҡ
ȻҲֻһ壬Ծö֮Ҿͽˡ㽭ͺͬѪ
ͻѪƣ㾪ȵĿǺܾ㡣
ţʥԲ鿴ѪŲ֮ӡǣҲơشĺܶ๦ѧϰҲɡҲΪ⣬αʥ֮ơ
֮أͨ飬Ѫ֮ˣʵѪ֮ӵеĻѪŨȻûצȴҲצѾŰ˾ŷˣҲ˵ѪڣƫѪ
ĽȴĲ²Ǵģͨ鲢ô򵥣֮ͨ󣬳ͻѪڣˡһ־ңѪ֮ƫ壬ӡǺצͬˣƫ壬ǳȴһЩһǣѪ֮ƫ壬ӡҲͳͬȻƫ룬ΪŻѪҲӵһֻԡ
ˣҲΪˣ֮ͨңΪɡһ׻壬һ׳塣ڳ˶֮ԭټҲìܣ˶˿ˡΪڵңҡ
ң㵣Һǿ𣿡
ǿ˵ϹŴ壡˵һ֮ӵлѪˣѪķ֣Ҫ֮ϡҪǵڶʧ̫ǿߡ˵屻֮ҾͳΪһʥ塣
˵⣬кȻû뵽ǿֵز㺧Ȼ뵽һֿܣ˵ңΪҪΪʥ壬Ի˰ɣ
Цһ˵ͷ˵Ϊƫ壬Իų⣬ƻɱ壬ʵֲгΪһʥǱΪˣʼԻ֡׻ңͺҶԪˡ

Ŀɿڴû뵽ԭѹòƲͷ
һѪŨӦʵҲǿɻ
ҡҡͷ屾ӵпֲѪ֮м뻪ѪǱֲȻѪ֮Ũ񣬿ȴ˳Ѫ²ԣ֮䣬û̫ԵĲ࣬ǿҲǿ˶١
ô˵ͷԭˣֻʱһôǿ𣿡
ʱǿҲ֪ô꣬屣ֱϵĺгԣҲ֪ǵ׶ǿˡǣ϶ҲǴ½֮һ룬ʿ᲻˵꣬һ̡
̵˵ͷ˵ʦ˵Ҷʿƥеġ
˵ҲҪԷƱʿҲλҾͲǶ֡ǺǣֻʿᶥǿУвǿȴ١
ô˵ЦЦҲ͡
ĿٴתƵĶͷϣͷצ˵벻벻һֱû飬ȴ׵ˡ
˵⣬Ҳ̲סЦһЩΪ˾Ѫ˶پԭΪˣû뵽ǣȴۼצӡǡ
ӡǴʲôǺ
ΪûĻѪԲߵʥֵزԣЩ꣬һֱ취ᴿѪҪøְ취ѻѪצǣŬ޷ʹǺķЩҲֻһӵצͬ㲻ûѪܿЦû뵽Ĳˣȴӵһ
ԷĻɷ˷ۡ⻪ѪͲܾġѪ֮Ҫ꣬ѪĻѪ
ȻϳȥԼû֪㡣
ЦȻ֪ԷһצҲ֪϶˼
ʱѪ֮ʲô㿴˵Ѫܴ֮϶壬ֻӿݣһЩǣֻǸǵÿԼһȥ
㲻˵̫ԣֻ˵
ǺǣӵǿѪɣݲܽԼʱ䣬Щ·˵ĪĶ͡
Ĭ˵Ҳ˵ЩӵѪļ壬Ǵ壬
ǺܺǣצѪοġѪôÿģҪĹ⹦ҶûСʹʲô취ɻʵ


794 
żȻõѪ֮ҲΪʲôɱԭ򡣻Ѫ֮ܰѪ͵۾Ѫ񣬺ʹΪһ壬ﵽ۾Ѫĳ̶ԽǿǴﵽ۾ʱԽáʱҽľһѪԣɱ塣ҲûΣֱ˵
ǣĻȴ̺ģץסߵΣס塣˴ʱѾŵϴдŲ˼㡣
Ǿ֮ǰҪ˵Ϣ𾪣Ǵû뵽ĳϡ
ȻŴĻѪôܣ
̺Իʥ岢ϤɾˣҲ֪ʲôϹʥ壬干塣һ弯֮ڶԷǿ뿪£ŽˡһеĴ棬ûһܱȵһ塣
˴Ŀ㣬޷ȻŴʥѪʲô壿
ֻо֮վûˣ̱ϣϢҪǴȥ½ڷ񶼲ڻ¡ʧʥѪȻٴγһǺεص飿
㿴һ̱ϵˣĿɨ款̱ϣʮֵջɢӺݣɢŮ˶еߡ
һ̵ۣƿ֪Ϣ˶𺳡ԣû˵־ѡ
ͽҲһۣŲ֮ɫѾ²⵽ǵõȷʵɾò˼顣
⻪Ѫ֮ѾʧˡܵõģҪ˵һ漣ҲΪ
̲֮ס˷һѪռ߳ϣӵлѪ֮ĻǵѪ֮һΡ
ǵѪȻҲѣʩչѪ֮ҲǺģǻѪѷԣǵѪ֮ûѵΡ
֮£ҵѪѷҪǿǡΪĹûʧ뵽⣬һ˵óҹ𣿡
ͷûϵǲǴĻѪõһʹã
ⲻ㵣ģ׹ܸĽԼѪ֮ܰƵ£еѪǱҪʹ׹
ͷᵴһģϢĳŻѪ֮Уʯء
СˣͷצһҪ˭뵽дʥѪ˭뵽ܵõѪ֮צӡǾԲñ˿
֪̾һһֱҽѪ֮
˵ͷצӡǣҰӡ
ɻУָ㶯һĶͷУһ£һ׭׭Ķͷϣ׭͸ĶͷԭΪ׭׵ķӡסӡǡ
ǣȵǣ׭ӡϣȻӡǱĹâ顣
ףʥӡǣȻȴҲҵķ׭ҲǾȣ̾һӿ۶ӿֳϵĽ׭û뵽ӡУֱо˺ѵʹ׭Ҳû뵽ĶͷС
׭ûͷ֮ͷӡֵĹââ֮䣬צûȥצܿʣצ
Щ֮һʥѪڲͬҵķӡȻܷӡҲ֪ѹáѹҲкôģֻצ˿ҲڻɡԺѪ֮ҲܶãֻõЧȲצȫ
ҲϲȻ޷ȫãˡΪӵצѪ֮ǺֵġҲ˻ɡ
ͷӡǣӡء˵˴ǰңʲô飿
£ȥȥңʱʵҲﵽܣǰȻʲôƾԼߵһҲҶ˵ʲô˵ĸҲҪ㡣
Ĭһ漴˵ͷǾͻȥɡ֮ǰһ顣
飿ɻʵ
һǣԿ׿ƷҪõʵǰңҲһЩҿ˵һֲľˣкܶ˲ݡ
Ĭһ˵㲻õģڣǲʲôٶ
ҡҡͷܲȥѹڣֻǸӲЩԼȥġǾֻԼȥ
ĻҲûз֪ӱ
ǺðɣȵҾͰѾߺƷױµ۷ˡһأ
ǣһ̳̳ŻҪĻʥҪǲܴ򿪡֪ԿףҪõǰҪʲô
˵ǹʿĹѨ㡣
㾪ȵĿҲ˵ˣ
ʥ飬Ǹӹע֣ϢǹҲв֪ġֻǹʿƵĿܺʮͷ޻ǿܶ˶顣ǺǣϹŹʿεȴڡʥĵӣµĶ˵һҪʥʥǾͱҪʥԣҹ巴Ǻܶ˶ϣǰȥҪһģǸһʵǿߺЩǿߡ
Ļͷ֪һطĻʥ֪û˵񽣣
񽣣˵ǻһλͨǿӵеʥֲʥƷܱġǿȴڣܱȵ۾˵һǰھŽֹŷ壬壬ĽҶǰȡ顣֮ɵʧҲûо񽣵ϢѰ˼Σûҵһ˿⼸ʧˣ㻹ҵ
а취ҵᶨ˵
ȷʵģ񽣱׵ˣܽܵԷϢȻҵ񽣡
а취ʮ־ȣ嶼ûа취ҳȻа취
ͷɵֵʱҲڡþ񽣹ң׵磬Ϣǣ
㱻񽣹ޱȣŶǿ񽣹ܻ׵磿о쳣档
ǣ뵽㻪ݣֻȻҲǻʥԱˣٻ顣ȴû뵽飬ǽɵԵʡ
ţҵ񽣡ֻǽ̫ҲһܵõңɵУɵҵʵȥһ˵
ĬʹҲͨɵСһ˵ȻҲûʮְܴСȴһԡ
ҲĬû뵽ɵ˿ֲԼǿߣ˵ʮɰոҴ
ȥ԰ɣΪ˵οΪˣ˵ܵõɵϿɡ
Ҳֿ֪ܺСҲֻοԼڻȥʶرлʥĺۼҲ֪Щʥĵϸ
Ǿ͵ٻȥɡȰǺ£ߣ


795 ټ
˶ûʥѪѯ̫࣬˭֪Ѫϣ϶ŲٵܡңõѪѷҲû˵ô򵥡ϾѾʧѪ֮ôܵõ֮һϵ
ԼѪ廨첻ѵԼʲôûܰѺʥ壿Լʥ塣
Ȼ벻ͨΪʲô϶ŰѪ֮תʥѪתʥѪеǣ̫ˡ㲢ûкô
ֻҪʥѪУΪҪܡģǺ棬ҲԸ֪ܶһ֪ʲô¡
ǰעʥѪƿҲһϵܲ٣͵Ŷ˵ġҪѯʣԼ治˵
ĿתƵŽϣŽߣĿʼѾŽߺ£ÿһνųϾһ
ھвϵҲ⣬ʮѸ١ٵİѾŽȫνһ𡣵ȫνʱһȵƴбĵӿ֮䣬ɢŹɹϣϾˣ𶯶ռݡ
ʥоʥ治ƿصģӿܰ׵ɱʥĲҲҪǿ١
ǣɽʯѽȴ˿ûӰָ㶯һӿ֣ʥĵȫѹƽȥ
̶ʱ䣬˸оȻȫȽ뵽ųС
ȻֻǳʥȴҲϾʥǵ۾ҲûеĶοǻʥʥһЧһְѱѹȵʥ˵ԣ𣿡
ϽӹһʥԼУʥų⣬ϲѣĿ⿴
ʥĵҰӡסˡ㵽˴棬Ŀųʱõĵޣµ㹻ˣٶҲƿزʥʱӡãĥʥϣȫƿӡʱҲ̫ķɡ˵ǱӴ˵ĺˣֵõĴУûʥҲ֡ʥҲֻĹȶѣ϶ŸǿʥĵͳԶԶҪ档
ûĻеʥʲô˷ܡ
֪һʥҵƷ׺Ϣʥ֣̲סѶԷ
ŷӦ䵽ʥУУھ߾Ө͸ı棬Ż֣ЩƣüѣЩȫ
㿴оȣøҿ
ɻ󣬵ǻǰʥݸ㣬ӹʥһȲѣģ
ȷʵܾȣЩģĵûоֻǰĶ࣬ѣ˼ȴ
κģȵĿ㣬к⡣½ص֮һϲʹġֶҪԼںڵ˽ǳǶѬĿȾòģǶüʶ
ȵǣȻһ۾ϳġ
ģֻ֪״ģҲʶ͵ں׳ǵʱڵˡҶСڵĶ˽ǳ
ŻȻ׳ȷʵһڵķ֧нҲֻ֡ǣЩͺ¿ôĸ㿴
һ¾ͳϵģ֮˵˵µۺһλͷϵǳڿȷʵˡȻڡ
ڣһ㶣оͷޱȣź棬յ¼ԼӵйŶܿóҪŵĻܵȥⲻ
ǺǣҲõģҺҲһЩ顣ңֻһһǧڷڡԣǲ̫ġڱڣǵǿȥߡ˵
˵꣬۾һһڣǿԹ
㻹û˵꣬ͱܺݺݵһԴмڵɱȻ˲ࡣÿһڣһͷ򡣾ȥҪһֽšҪǣΣΪƷ׵ڣԴ˵˲Ⱥͺ¿ȻƽŴȱΪҪ۸ͷϣֻ߶ħʱǾͳħˡ˻Ằɱ
ܵĻڨڨЦЦٺٵ˵ʲô취ܵõ
˵ȥһˣ˵лõĻͳ֡ҪòˡŲǣǵʵЩʵΪֲǵҲͨ
˵⣬̾һǺϲڣҪǰڡǰڣڵǵĵطµ۷ӡ͸ǡ
ôǿզࡣ
Ц㵱ŵһǿЦģںϵĴţ棬ֱܱǿںǰҲд󡣺ϣϽŵ񻰣Ҫǵ걻ƣҲ䵽ֵز
˲֪ϵŶƣȻ涼˾η¶һﵽֵزҲǺҡ
СӣΪôû鷳ҲΪϵһЩ岻ҳҪȻһûôǿǿǱϾ⣬ҵ̫ࡣڴ½ʹһһðǷǺϲͬϵȻ࣬ȴţ˭ˬֱᵶɱȥڱ˳ƺΪؿ񣡺Ǻǣ޷ôֲ½κһСӡҲǺϵú֪ܶϵϸˣڹûж֡
ĻŻȻ룬ԼϽôãЩ岻ûϢȴûһǰ׷ɱԭǺϵ
ٺ٣ؿֵǲӦöɱɱ壬ɱĺˡҾͰȫˡ
ܰһ۵ϵʵɱ岻ڻ¡ɱʲôãӰ첻˴֣ЩĹ壬ɱ̫࣬Ҳֻ˳ЦԴСѡﵽ־磬ҪϴΪ㣬мڶѪ֣Ƕһ衣ͬʱﵽ˴ܣԸ龫ǰ˳𣿡
ڨڨЦЦȻԸĳ֡ͺñһˣһǧ̻һؤܣе
ԭ治ڴ½ʱźϵ塣ΣյС˲١ûɣЩҲ鷳ⲻ㰲ȫϲңǰ϶ǺܶԸɱġң֪ݵĲÿ˶֪пɽǲñ˻ں
֪Ҫõףʵ˵
ͷʱʵõҪȻԱǡͬУҲһǿˡٳɳ꣬Ժ͹Щһˡ


796 
һҲһ棬ִԿ壬ûжʱ˺ѡҲΪϢȹЦ˵Ц˼֮󣬺ĺѣ̾ͺڸȥ
ǧľ룬ڱ˵ǼԶľ롣Ҫͨˣʮ²ߵǣ˵ȴʲôرǿֱ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռ֮д壬̶ʱԽǧľ롣
զ಻ѣǿ˵̫׿ԽˣǧľһӶֲ̫ˣȻǴܣҲ˺ѿռ䣬ֻܶ̾ƶǣһԽǧ
Ǻǣټ֣һǧڴﵽ۾˵Ƕѡ̫ǲ֪½ôǧֻ½һѡǵĵ۹Сǣȴֻ׳Ƶ۶ѡڹУ۹ʵСһ룬ǾͲãһǧôֲˡҲġ
˵ﰵզôǿ𣿡
࣡Ҳ٣ȻȲԶŴءǣǿ߲١ǴﵽһΣȻܼǸε˵ҲҪԷƱǴʱʵѾȻ˵ڴ½ߣСһЩǿġοǻᣬٸһЩ£һҲڻ¡ﵽ֮ǲĴﵽǿߵС룬һĶˡ
һôǿһ𣿡㾪ȵʵʿ˵ʿʥʹﵽ档ҴﵽĻλЩδ̫ǿˡҪڻ͸¶Էʥһǰһ治ðսʿᡣ
Ļ̲סһ䣺쵰ˣ֪ʥӵ˲ʿᣬŸ˲񡣡
ʿʥӵǲһֲĴڡҵλצѪеһȡӣԴͳǣѪ֮һЩҲҲʮ˾ܴͣﵽľ磬һٮٮˡ˵ң֮ķչǱǿӦ˫ɣҵֱԴʵڻ¡ܼĵͳĵͳڴ֣֮һǧﲢѡΨһѵþ㣬һжÿԼ
һ˵Ǹ׿ɷңһУλʵﵽʲôˣ
һۣ漴˵Ҫ̤һ۾ˡ
ʲô̵˶𺳲ѣ֪Щ˿ֲҲδ뵽˿ֲ۾ǴĶǿߣһˣܳһ塣
˵Ų٣һǧϹšһλһĶ⣬ȴΨһһޣԱȵĲ٣ʿʥӣǺӣŷʥӣڷӣǿĴڡһǡϣǽ׷ǡΪһԱ
һۣоĪѹЩ˲֮ӡδʮͣҪ۾Ǻε죿
̫ѹļ˵ǺǣҲˡҪͬһԼܴﵽˮ׼ңÿ˶Ҫϲ٣㵽͵ʱ˵͸ϳǡ
ЦСšʮ֮ǰҪ۾ôܼ򵥵ˣȻ֮ȴĶ⡣
ǰ·įô˿׷ʱǵģվԼһء
½۰¡ѵܺЩһ
뵽⣬㰵սȭͷʱԼȻǣǣ׷ȥģֱͬվ
ǺǣЩԺ˵ⶼ̫飬ǽǲġ˵Ŭɡ
˳ĬĿ⿴ǰ
ǰŲٵȺһԵޱȣߵһɽ£й
һڽˣЩͺ¿ǻ˵ġôǡǰһĸɽ˵Ŀȴϵͽ
̤ǰȥһǧףͬسɴƵġһĻʱЩϵͽһʧ̲֮סˡ
Щͨ˿żգۼʧеӰһʼͷԸϲߺϡ


797 ۷
ӷʩʩ˸ɽۣɽ۵һ޷𣬾һ˳ȥھ޷ĸλãһʦ߳ÿһ̤ͬͥգۼ͵ǰ
ǿʦ￴ûһ˿Ϣϧߵǰʦ̲ס̾һôܶܲһ˿Ϣ֮Խǧײۼʵ˼
ͬȣʦ˵Ȼľ磬ƿֲһǿߣ
ǺǣȵʦǵܳϽǰʦһδȵʦɣոǼȻȵʦͻˡ
ӷ𣡲꣬ʱҲˣȵʦͽܹ֣˵⼸λǣ
ָ˵Ȯ㣬ȮֵλŮʿһλĵӡҲǹ֮󡣡
벻һѾôˡǺǣ֮ôˡһܵʱʦ˸̾
ʦˣʦСǻɬġ˶ʦһ񣬶ԶԷֳ𾴡
λʩȥ¥ɣȵʦһ˵ǰ·
һ˸ȥһ·һֱ쵽Ǿ޷ĸ븹һʯȵʦߵĸ¥ܿɳǰϲ裡
õ˾ȣЩɳִʮңÿһʵСʵ
ڹǷ̾һѹȻ˶Ҳ˸ˡ
룡ȵʦ˹֡
лʦһڲ裬ȵʦЦһֱһʦķȴһֱûҵʵĻᣬʱѵǰٴʦ𷨡
ʩڿˣȵʦҡͷЦ²ֱ˵°ɣ
ЦȵʦԲӣ˴ǰĽҴ󷨡رǣٴհһ¾޷̬һһֱˣԴУСһǰ
ʩˣзΪ𣬺αؾڷϡȵʦЦλذɡʥأǹء
Ҳ֪ƭȵʦʱȵʦܾҲҲõĽڡ
뵽⣬ɿ㣬ȵʦӦǸӲ׾ͱµ۷ӡھ޷УžߣҲ˰
ͽ׼ұĽڵʱȴվǰһȵʦ˵ȵʦ˾ٲӣȻûдʦȥհһ·֪ΣּУܽģҪȻͬ޸֮ƼȻַ⣬ȴҲУֻ沨ʦأ
ӷʩȻˡľʩÿһ񡣵λ֮С˵꣬ȵʦСɳȴȡ
ʦȵʦУ̬ʵһܴġ˵޷У̬ÿհҴ̬֮ľ
ȵʦĿ⿴㣬Ĭһ˵ʩݡʩҲ˵ǲ֪ǲʩɱģ
һ䣬źôҲܵõϢԭΪЩӦþֻ֪ѡڿԷϢҲֲͬ
ҲΣȻԷõϢҲá
ʩմȾ̫Ѫʥʥʩǰȵʦ˵
˵سɷȻɱˣȴҲǲܳɷ𡣡㶢ȵʦЦʦΪأ
ȵʦȵĿ㣬Ԥϣڷ𷨵Ⲣǳسɷķ֪
ʩҾȡȴҲȵʦ㣬λ棬Ӧúܿذɡ
ֻȵʦȣҲȣķ𷨳ԤϣȻԺȵʦ۵ôáҲҪ֪ʲôˣΪǷĵˡ
㿴˵Ŀ⿴費ķǰ̫ˣܺȵʦ۵Ҳ֡ڣǰͼҵķò١ܻɣͼǲҲǵ򴫹ġ
ʦ֪ɷи㣬ҵȥȵʦ˵
ӷʩȻ˵سɷֻҪʩܷꡣ޷κһʩ߶ʩΪΣȵʦ㡣
һ벻ȵ仰һ
һԴʦǾֻϧ²޷Ŵʦ𣡺ź
Ȼˣλʩذɣȵʦһš
ȵʦҲˡЦ
ʩָ㣡ȵʦ㣬ϴЦ⣬̸ܺ۷ˡǰȻЩǿʶȴòϣȷʵ˵мַ
˵ƽȣȻƽȡȵʦֺαصңЦʦԼ˵ǲˣ
ǣû˵ûкħͬۡȵʦ˵
Цʦɴˣ
ŶĴˣȵʦ˵
ЦҪ˵ʦ˵ʦķڷĻʦͲ赲𣿡
ʩҪ˵ľͲȵʦ˵
ʱЦһ˿Цɻѡȵʦ۷𷨣ⲻ
̶̲ס㣬㲻ҪȥȻڳⲢǿڳͿԵġ
ȵʦһ⡣Ц
ʣȵʦŷ
Դǧ磬䱦ʩ࣬ʹ̫ƽ޼࣬й£ʵ
ȻУʩ࣬ƣǵ£ȵʦ
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˵仰΢΢ü⣬ǰô˭֪𰸡
˵ȵʦˣȵʦɷķͻȻЦ
ʩͣȵʦƢܺãǴʦûΪ仰
˵ʶԣƽȣʩΪ󸣣ɽΪ£ڷ֮У󸣡ǹƽǵ£ͣԣʵãΪ¡ԣǰ߲ǹ¡ħԼʶԣɱ¾ڣƽȡ֪ȵʦɷķ
ȵʦһ㶣漴ϸϸƷζһ漴˫ֺʮӷʩʩţԵķڷ
ҲУ̺ɴ۾㣬һ㿴㡣ǿʶУ
ЦʦˣڷֻǴǳо˵ѭԼıԣΪ¡ԣʲôʦ
ӷ𣡡ȵʦһ񣬶ߵɳ˵޺Ժʦʩǰ޷۴
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Ҳһڿǰ޷˫۴ˡгɹһ㣬ȴҲףԷ޺ԺĺиǣҲǼǣһ鷳
㣡ȥɣһʦĽ̵˵


798 
̳˸¥ܿżֳĺǰ··ļһͭɫʮϹͷǰеʮ޺
￴У۾Ҳ˵ʵһȻҪǿ̫ࡣҴļ⿴оſֲ뵽⣬ﲻɿ㣬ȴ㺬ЦĶżеͷ˿ûһ˿ķ֮ɫ
ȥģ㵱Լ̽׵Ĳɡ
ʩ룡ж㹰֣ǰ·
Цŵͷлл
˵꣬󣬾޷ʮ־޴ǽ¾ͬһ㡣޷ʮ𺳣ֻܿʱȫ⣬ΪʲôɽôĤˡ
вϵʵǾ޷˵ʵ͡ȻٶǺܿ͵˾޷˫С޷˫ûɹâеǾ޴УŸʽķ
̬ԻɣվЩȻȾ޷СĿǵ̵ʮ־¡ǣЩ񣬷·̬һ㣬˵鲻ԽĻǣȥ
ʩǷ۰̬ʩۿ˺󼸲˵
ͷӰ̤ǰЩ̲ס뵽С񱻷ǣƮļԶЩת㲢֪̬ƶʱʶеСˣҲһŸֶԻɣվ
У˿չһ㣬;վûһ˿ϢԶһҪܿ㣬Ͳоվһˡ
˺һоȣ˺һʶ
Ҳޱȡû뵽ȻΪЩ붨ļԼʦĻܿ붨Ȼ⣬
к侪ոСɳ˵ȾѪҺȴ𷨲ͣǻšʱȴò۷Էķ⾳磬ȷʵǿ̫ˣﲻ֪ٴΣȴδ붨
￴붨ԭص㣬΢΢һ㶣пЦѣ֪֪ʲôġȻĿ񣬲붨ˡ
Ȼ֪ʲôĿ⿴֮ʶеС˲ϵı䶯ڱ䶯֮䣬ϵ֮䣬һɴȱϢϢӡС
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˱ʳϢǣоȫҲһĴȱͣһ㡣
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飡кȻĿһĻвšʦķ⣬֣˵մȾһЩʦķ⣿
𺳲ѣû˲֪մȾЩοֲĺôɱ䵽һֲֿĳ̶ȡ
֣Ĥݵ˼һʧ󺰣ˣˣ
ʱ˹ڵϣЩǿߣɳֶڵϣַķĤݡ
𲻶֣ϵľ羫һƵģɷԺһҹΣɢ߲ʹâ顣
езݱһ֮ڴ붨ѹѹûиоԼһһӣȴоԼʶ쳣Ҳֲĺˡ
ʩչһӶ㣬ǴʱļְСʱơ
ֱ仯ϲⲢ˵ģմȾʦķ⣬˵Ǽĺô
㣡û°ɣѹϽ߹붨мʱҪٲѣԼ˵ļƻˡ
˵ͷᣬȡߡ
мóߣ͵ıϽ˵ʩʥأѱջ
ЦλʦؾţҲͷԵġ
ɻȴų֮ϣƮһģĻһ׭׭۳һԿףɢŷҹâŷĿ
λм״ɻ󣬵ȴûֹȷʵǷҵģ
û뵽޷еһʯУһʯ۾۾ͬʱƷмʱĺ֮֮𶯾ͬʱܵ¶Ҳı
Ʒ˴ϲӰһļ䣬ɽӹŶżѹȥ
ȻƷµ۷ӡʮޣ㶯ͨѹױѹסƷװӡС
㿴һоϲѡ׼ջͼУ
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㿴ΧУܵѹµĿֲƣкȻ˵ʵֲÿ˱ʵ°Ԫ
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ȻΧҲǺ޹˼ɡ̫أ֪ʲôɱС
λʦ԰꣬ǰµ۷ӡڴ˴ġ֮ǵõµ۵ԿףӦǡ˽͵
ĽͲû˷ɾ裬ӿֲѹˣʩǷ뿪ɣڷʥش󶯸ɸꡣ
λʦ˵ʵԣȻϾڴãԸ⸶һЩ𡣸һҩΣ㿴ˣڽ
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ԷҲһҧŶԷ˵ȻˣǾλʦˡ
㲻ԸԷΪУǲԸ
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㣬¶ģҲ£ôûǿսֲôһ˺ڽûԸŽ
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Ķ棬֪ʱȵʦվˡ
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ʦȻ֪ǰµ۵ĶԿУҲ˵Ե룬ʦȡɡ㿴ȵʦЦ
ȵʦӷͲµλ²ȴ벻ԭĵӦֹǵġ
Цʦδֹˣ˵ⲻΥѵʦһҪΥ𣿡
֪ˣʹҺơҪȻ񡣶ķ𷨴ңֻҪ˵ǣһжˡ
ȵʦֱֱĶ㣬δ˵һ仰Щë


799 
ǸʦǸܲܲһֱң㱻Էŷë̲סѡһ뵽ǰһܾʦ̫Ҫ
뵽⣬̲סһ
ӷ벻ľȻᱻ򡣡ȵʦ㣬ӣûһˣȴ벻趯ʩҷԵ
仰̲סһϲľҷԵȻȶԷΪɮ
ǸʦԺͷԵᶨ˵Žǧƣһͺͷˡ
޷ҷŻϲʤ𣡡ȵʦ˵ʩҪԸ⣬Ըҷš
ûȤҲĻش𣬡ʲôЦԹ˴Ҫܵˡ
ӷʩҷԵղҷҲҷŵġȵʦ˵
ʱ˵ɣŹԼ뿪ԸС
ӷʩ㣡㾪ȵȵʦȻÿһ·뿪ţʩһת⣬ҷŵġʩҷԵҲӲˡ
һȴŹЦ˵ɣҪˣһȿȵʦġ
ĻȵʦЦЦ˫ֺʮ㣡
ȵʦڣ˴ϲлҲûͣž޷֮⼤ߡͽҲȵʦһ׷㡣
˼䣬ʧȵʦС
һ뿪ȵʦߵļȵʦɣˣ
ҷԵȵʦȡ߰µµĶ˴š
ǣȾѪȣôҷԵɻ󣬡ѵΪһЩ⣬ܾڵħ𣿡
ǲ壬մȾľ壬עΪŵˡȻʱΪħվһ죬ҪҷšǷּ⣬κ˶ܿܡ
ǡ
˵ˣȥɣգǵʦ֣ǵķɡ
˵꣬ȵʦ뿪ķд˼ɫߵɳֿ͸

ףôˣһ·ɫ˼Ĳɣɻʵ
ŶӦ漴һ˵㣬Ժ㾡ԶһЩ
Ϊʲôɻʵһ·Ͼ˼ɣ
ͷ˵ʮأص˿͸ȵʦҲһͷ˵ĻȻһ壬Ȼ˵ԺܳΪҵˣǿ϶һĸݡرǷڿ
ڰɣѵ˵ܳΪҵˣҾĻɲ⡣
㻹СһЩֶ̫Ρȵʦ˵仰ͱӡԺҵˣرܡ
仰üͷ΢΢壬ԼﶼˣŹŹ֣˼áҲֻ뵽ϡǣҲǷ⣬ԼΪ˰ɡ
뵽⣬ҡҡͷԺеųȥ˵ͷ˵һһ۵ġ
ţҲ̫ģȻһЩҲǿжȻš˵
ͷѵõȡðףð׶ɽӷ׭ѹȻʱʵʩչɽӷ׭ѹƷסѹסΪµ۵ķӡ˴á
еף˵ûеȴʧƷܵǿߣסǴǿߣȲĿ񱩺ֻн۲ѹס
˵ͷ͸ӡܸоеĿֲ
Ȱɵʵ˵˵
ڣȵ㣬û뵽ôļףҪװ뵤ҩʲôҪɣʱͿʼɣ̫ðһЩҪǰ׵ЧĻֻӰ졣
ҡҡͷˣҲ׵磬׵Ӧɡ
ĻܺȵĿȥò˼顣Ʒ׾ֻ͵ȵģԾԪоԵѹЧʱȻסܿס
ʶ׵磬˵壬õСӾһ׵ʲôáȥɣ
Ļɻѣվǵͷ㲻ԼЦ
԰ɡ׺ǿҪסĻӦﵽԪܴԲ֮˵˺󣬸һƬյء


800 Ԫ
ףƷףָǲʲôʵף׾ʹ׵Ŀ񱩡ոս⿪µ۵ķӡп񱩵Ϣͱֲ׵鲼Χ˲仯һ׺񱩵׵žХ죬ϵıӿֲ׵ף֮һ׵¡
˿ֲ׵ɫ䣬κһ׵ĹҪԶԶǿԪҪе۵ĻǴȲϡ˿񱩵׵㣬ܵס
ﾡ֪׵ЧǴ˿̼Щ׵籬ҲĲѡ׵磬ҪĻͺ˻ҽˡ
ģ˿񱩵׵磬ϣϹ׵Ȼȫɽȥ׵һ׵Ĵ塣
֮䣬ϲϵһĵ۵ķ׭ҲԽԽ࣬һ׭֮ġ
һ׵£˺صϣûиһ˺Ʋϵ
ͽܿһĻɫͬЩ͡ҪǴﵽǵľ磬׵ĺ϶һ顣ԪȻսԪˡǣҲ׵ĽЩ׵Ĺ
Ʒ׾ͽ׵ģҲǴԶΪͷ۵ĴڡףһȴɫסԷĺ
磡⡭һһûе׵磬߲ķģſ׼˵ʲôʲôû˵
̨˼ˣƷȻʲôֱգǵһμ
ҲһֱֱĶ㣬þòǺܿͷ֣ϵķ۵ط׭ĺȻʱѾŰط׭ˡ
ƽϹǿߣڴܴԲ֮ʣҲֻоʮŵط׭ѾǴǿˡǣԪһѵ˵
Ȼ㣬͵ܳԽϹ֮ģǾǵĴǣѴÿһεĴҪϰٱֹ
ڣϹֻ֮Ҫʮŵط׭ҪǵĻҪﵽܴԲûоʮŵǲˡ
ʹţͻơرҪԪִԴҪ쳣Ķࡣ
磬ѵĵĹҲˣ̲סզ̫ˣϹʱڣʥˣ׵Ĺ
˵ͷΪʲôԶͬȼʵǵ֮ԶͬȼʵĺܡͱɵıʵҲԶϹɵߡ
ϻ尡ôôģÿһͻƣҪϼѡ̾һ
һϼȻ㣬Ȼĵ֧־ǣܣȥ֮ѰеĴԴõšʱĹЧδԣﵽ棬ҪԴǿĿֲԴҲ֪ҹܳܵס𣿡
ЦҴҲǱ鲼ʥ壬ȥûйһԵ⡣һԭǣҪķѵԴֲ̫
ţɫأ֪ʲôȻ㶼·û֧֡Ҫ߳һɵĻһжֵá
ƵķԽԽ࣬ѾǷ׭ƣϢҲ˲٣ﵽԪľ磬ܵԪӿ뵽УԪ⣬ĵ۵߲ԪΡ
ܵԪһɨ⣬ֲԪȫӿ뵽Уתϵû뵽С
ָҲ㶯㶯֮䣬Ԫ˷ӿͬ嫵ĽӲϵӿ뵽ܣȵԪ֧ţϢʼ
׵׵粻ϵû뵽У屻Ĺӹ󿴣֪ǿȺεȿֲ
ײϵıɣҲʼꡣ˵Ҳ֣֮ǰЩ꣬ܵõٵĴУǣ֮һƷƷȴûеõĴС
£ҲԽԽ٣ϢҲĿֲﵽ˰ԪĲΣһôǣԪҲɣͬˮһ㣬ûǳȫɽȥԪ⡣
һףҪҲֲ̫˰ɡ׶챻ˣһôԪȻֻסҪң׺ѹȻҪܳܵס׺ֹ
ЦЦԭҲΪܽװԼʵԪԪ塣ǵȴԶĵҪǿ
ʹ׺ԪҲֻﵽԪ
̾ϢѣЦûʲôϧģȻûдﵽԪʱҪԪԺÿһΣԽҪǿ١
ͷǣԺÿͻƣҪѼ֡
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һ˵ȴʱͷӡͻȻצ֮䣬ܽһƬҫޱȡ
磬ôˣܼͷӡǾȻ̲סʵ
£Щȥҵ鷳ߣ֪ҧݣɫЩҪɱˡ
Ҳüͷǳ֮󣬸Ͳرңһʱ䣬ǾæӦЩˡû뵽Լ˸ո뿪һʱ䣬Էˡ֮ǰЩѵĲˡ
ô죿ʵ
ȥһۻ׵㣬ʱڴ½ȹЩʱȥ
ԴоͷޱȡֻΪ㣬иѹΪ峤Щƣ
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ȥңҴЩ飬ʱһȥתͷߵ˵ȵ˵һ뿪ˡУڴ½ߣҪȥЩڵأʵȻѾԺһˡԹ壬ȴ
ǣҲ֪ҷ£˵ͷϽӦ
ţͷһۻ׵㣬ʱʵѾӽ˰Ԫ壬ԭ׼ģڿҪ㸸ȥˡ㸸ʵҪֲܰЩУ㸸ף𼤽Ŀֲرǣǽ֡
Сֶ֪ˡ﹧˵
ͷ漴Ӱźͽ˺ѿռ䣬ûռУʧС
̿뿪꣬ٴΰĿתƵϣʱϵѾɡϵķĻķ׭鲼ȫȫ֣֪


801 ܻ
ԭҲΪƷܰԪߵľ磬ȴԤϣƷҲֻǰԪ塣
ԼԽҪԪͶǿȾԽߡ̾һ
Լط׭ʮߵǾ˵֣һĴߣԲǿʱԴܵͽ׵˹˿ġϼȭܶɶ˺
ط׭ϣͬȫ·𱩶ڱԾԪҲѹƶԷʵ
һջ뵽Լ뿪ǰңҲоͷޱȡԼԵѹҲġʱ뿪ԼߣҪԵѹ̫϶ߵġ
ϧҴʱʵԶ𡣵ǣڹУȴﲻ̫ࡣ
ҡͷ뻹ǵʵܰҼһЩѹ
֮ӪУһסǴ£ҲûмˡԼõǣҲṩԴԳְ
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˼ЩʱȴߵķСһۣ欽޵Ľȫ磬ջʮ㣬촽ɢŹҪһ׷ţǲǽ͵͵ԷĴȥ
һ¶ԷʵֶԷʵżﵽԪ壬ҪͻԪĲΡ
̲סһȻ˵ǴڴܵͲΣԼһԪԪҪһЩǣԷ˰һÿĸΡҪǣЧôȵף
ǲܱȣֹһԼҪĸΣ˯ŶЦѡ
ܲ˵ǣ쵰˵ŷ׸˷ˣҪǸǵĻ˵˶Ԫ
ȥˣһźݺݵ˹ȥһǳҫ
㱩ߣٺٵЦЩֻǵõʥʵǡʱʥԼʵԪԪﶼһս
ںͱսһǿܹӵȻһЦ
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Ͻ˺һ۵ź򡣱Ҫˣ˱ǲҵġ
Ļ޵ֻҧ˵կأҽŮ˳
үӣҴˡʱ㡣гկޣ֪կ޿Ҫ˵Ļ˼կ
㲻ȻһЦֿ˵㣬ҸմӸõһϢٽһΣҲȥ
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˵˵˵ߵ̣ĵ̣Ҳͬһ۾ת

ܼҾӪܲǧһһԭɽԭɽ֮޷ݣҷ紵ɳֲ쳣׳󣬿ڣɽȥ׳ֲȴδܷޡ
ɽֳƺΪɽΪԴΪ磬ɽһǴǵ۹һȷʵһȺɽԶϣǵ۹פ˲پӣҶľ
ǵ۹쳣ӣΪϣκһϣԴΪֱԷӪԷԴŰԷȺ
ʱɽ֮Աױ鲼ɽմȾ˲ٵѪҺ
ɽˣ˫Ľͬͻɽϵĳӿͻץ飬ϵŶԷ˺ҧѪ죬ͼѶԷɱԼ˵ǰ
ھ˫˺ɱĵĲԶһȺ죬Щ챻ҷ紵Ƽңҷͬһĸϣȴûһ顣ɫصĿǰɱ
ɱϣһϵĴ߼ȥǵһϢͬҲһǴǰߵϢ
ԷƷǽɱսȫã߽⣬˹롣
ľսԷʮƷΧ󽫾֧Ԯ
սʤͻƶԷߣʧأ󽫾֧ԮӣԷķ԰ѿȥ
ԷƷǳ٣ӢǿӪס˶ԷĹ
ǿڷ
ԷѪǣǴܼƷǣ󽫾ǲ̷֡

һ仰һڽǴ˼־һĿƵĿǰһΪһΣȻѾ֧Ԯˡ֧ԮոշȥҪ֧ԮҲϲˡ
λֶܼãֵܼ֧𣿡Ϊ׵Ĵ󽫾ܻһִģһ󽫾ĵλʵҲֲﵽ˰Ԫ
󽫾ʱֹּۣʱʱҪû֧ԮĻҾǡ
һ仰˳ĬѹֵУ˿ڵ󽫾˻᲻ֶ֣ΣеﲢҪá
ƿⷽԲսôΪһսҲҪˣȥƴֵȴ֧Ԯ
ǣЩž񣬼ᶨ
ģֻһȺôǿߡӢӪǿ߲٣ҹˣôסԷ
屾϶֧ԮˣǵҪʲôɽȻһλãǻô۶ȥֵ𣿡

һڽһԷǿƹڽڰ˵ĸоеĲѣŶԷǿ߹ǰǳ飬ֻǿֶܼˡ
ʯ˱ԷֻƷƷɱڷ
ʲôһ仰н춼վһȻѣʯǴййǿһﵽԪĲΣʵȻҲԷնɱԷĵǲ˶ǿǰ
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۾޴һȻѣЩǲĹֻÿﵽ˴ܣһʾ޴ĲƸǸҵסԷΪ⼸ĴڣǾзĻᡣ
ǣʱȴսһս
˱˱
ܻϽԷǿߣֵܵģԭָܵסƬ̡ٵȥֻ·һ
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ܻߵĽ죬Ҳ첽ǰȥ´ԷĴ̫ˣǸ޷ֵˣսȥֻʧÿһǵ۹ʧġ
ò˵Ǿ񣬴ܿͬˮһʼ˱
˱ʱ򣬼໽쳹𶯾֪ʱ֮żֻǣȣ񷡣
ܻɱô࣬ضҪ֧Ҫǰ
𶯾ܻɫһٱ䣬Էǿ߶Ŀֲεס
ˣʹﵽ󽫣һϺ󡣡


802 ֮
ܻһ˶ӡھУӰϯ֮䣬һȺȺʿ˼䵽ܻһߡ
ܻżεǣɫ˱䣬ǶܵϢǾС
ˣ⣬۴ءܻߵһ˵ͷɫأӰ缤ȥҪǰȥ
δͱֲ𶯶ȥ쾪֣ϽֵʵﵲסܵУ屬ѿѪɢա
ܻԼһǰ潫ɱ۾͵һ˵ʵԤϡ
ҽŽʿߣ˸Ϻ󣡡ܻһߵĽ˵Ӱһһǿߣǰ˹ȥ
ĺã͡һ͵Цϯһǿ߶ȥ
䣡ܻͶԷһ𣬱õ֮ԶѪ
ܻкȻ뵽ԷǿΪԪȻȲ
ģԷôȻǲǿǰԸһ֧ӡܻŭһожȻıȻһҪءҲ֪ԼֵöԷ˿أǲ˶ǿǰԷôǿ϶ŲΪ֪ı
ܻԹԵɣĴҲĲʳġǿ͵ЦһܻȥͬʱŴһǿϯȥ
ԷҪһٴݻٴĶսֲǿϣǿ߸ֵסѪҺգС
УһԪһԪԪ֮¡ܻԷ֣кȻѣеӿסԪͰԪǣʵԷԪһʱסˣԵüԿˣ͵ס
ܻеϵıܿΧѡ
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ǣǵȻأȴɵס˵Ĺǿ߱ԷɱѪڵһƬ
ܻҪǰȥæȴôҲѲˡÿκͶԷ֣Ѫ
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˿ֲ𶯾ŷƣܻɫ䡣
󣡡ܻ󺧣һǿߴ󺰵
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ǣԷԶԶԷҪǿĶࡣֲԷδ۵ĴͱɢԲλǿ߽ʶȥ˲͸ϵλǿǰ
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ܻ˻ߣЩǿǴľ񣬱ԷɱˣǵĴ߽⣬ֻ·һ
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ܻˣԷ͵ЦЦ֮䣬һжķ飬һ˲͵һھǰҪǽ顣
ܻʧ룬ԷһУѪɳȥĿһĻȴ޷ı䡣
Բ̼ƽǰļ˲飬Բ̲ûֹͣȺܼĶԷȥ
̲סҪ۾ʱǿ񱩵ԲŵУȻ֪ͣʱԲ̵ǰһ˫𪾧Өֱۣ˫ֱ۳֣ԲץסſֲԲ̣Ȼֺܴ
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˴ĿһĻдŲ֮ɫǿߣҲһֽٺĸо˫Ƶˣһʮҵ꣬ӻԵɬǴʱȴ˵Ŀⶼеϣ¶η
󣬻һ꣬Ӣܿ˵ĿʹƶԱߡ
ߵǵȻӰһʧѣęͦأһߣŽޱȰ˾ޱȣĿ̲סϣš
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ˣǴǿߡܻϲ󣬿Ǻܿʧˣûпеǿߡ
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һԪȻҲҶҳ֡
ܳĬ͵Ŀ㣬о˼顣
ܻͬͣһĺɱһҪԪǺεȵʵģ벻
ҲǰԪܻ𺳣ԴˡҪǵõĪҲԲܴﵽԪǣŶ󰡣ʹﵽԼʮľ硣
ҲĿ㣬Ŀֱֲ˼ոֻ֣ɱһҪԪʵ൱Ĺ˼ɡ
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㿴ŶԷЦ͸ǡǵĳˣ
ɫһ䣬˵Ȱ»ǵ͵㡣岻ôǵġǿűǿĴڡ
ǰǽЦҪǽвɱҴɱˡ
㡭Ƕ㣬ŭ⣬Լ
Է˵꣬ѹȥ
ܻ״ϽѵӣСһЩͷǴﵽԪ壬ʵֲײУһҪСצӡ
Ц֮ѣôáõģ
˵꣬˵ǲҪͱսһϴңǿŽ
ȻһЦҲ˵Ӱ˼ȥ



803 ֮
֪ŭ㣬˾ȻɱǶĲɣĪĳдǵӿֳ˺ǣǵ⡣
һǲţܵסײеĹһֽŻצݺݵɨ˹ȥ
ٺ٣ĺã˷ܵĺò״ﵽԪʥҲ֡˷ܲѡ
Ӱ˾;˹ȥ裬һס⼸צ
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ܻĿ⿴̣ʱ̺һԪܽ֡˳֣ԸҲûжѹֻҪǸԪǸɷôǾ֮ɱ
ҲûȥˣȻҪ֣öԷְɡ
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ѹˣĻɱһԪǿ߾Ͳˡǰµ۴С϶Ҳ̫ʱϽ˰µܵأʵ֪ʲôΡʵ϶Ȱϲ
ԭүܻҲһ֪ܼҹϵǳæǰ߾ͰȫˣɹӵǰԮ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲǣþҪ
뵽ϢҪģʵٽһΡﵽԪǸʱ򣬴֮޵ˡȻ취ͻƵ棬ԼͳΪ½һǿߣصңҲܰˡ
ˣҪһǿߣѾϿɵǿߡÿһöԸ
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û˵ʱѾɱܡͬʱֹǸԪǡƵĶԷǣˣǱһ˺ۡ
˱ʹﵽԪ壬ϵԪԷҪǶԸһʤ㡣ͬʱֻ֣аһ·ߡ
һͷһ˺ۣҽԽԽ
̵ܻĹѣǰܶûдﵽʱȴԺԪֳ֣ɳٶҲǾˡ
磬ܹҪΪ˵ġܻи̾
ҪɱŽȵȫٶȹԹ˧ս
ǣżֻҫǱɱʿʿҲﵽ壬һ˷ܴ󺰡


804 Ⱥ
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ܻһ㶣չüͷһ仰Ҳˡֻǣȥʲôˣ
֪ȥʲô𣿡ܻߵĽ졣
ߵķȥˣʲôû˵칧Ļش
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ȷǸϢȷ𣿡˵Ҫģðôĺֵܲá
ͷ˵Ҹ׵õϢӦʮ֮˾šȷʵǶùˡǶ㹻ٴνˡ
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ͷ˵ģԷ˼ǣǶԷǿҲٺܶ࣬ǿԽȥûдǣȫӦò⡣
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ﵽ棬ǶȻľƷǻʣȴڲ̫ܳ¾¶Է󷨣ǧǣ棬Խ
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׷忴ԼĻ߾ȻԷһˣһȻѣ͵Ŀܵķ
ȥ֪ͨǻʴˣǼͬʱҲӰ׷ȥ

һֻǱŭѣΪ׵һֻŭȵҵ𣿲˭𣿡
ˣԷˣɱܵǿߡʱ֮СǸϽ
̫ǻŭһڵŭⱩСʧأ޲óԷԷƤԼδȥǣǾȻҪʲôѵܵȺУҪɱǸɣ
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ǻһ㶣漴Цããõֻǲ֪ôģⶫҲܵǵģ


805 
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ٴθɷԷһȺǺӰһߡʵ˵ֻҪԷΧûǵסҪΧƾٶȣԷ
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һߵʱԶ޴죬֮䣬ȵĳķƣ˴򶷵ɫ䣺ãǱԷǿסˡ
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ӰŴ򶷵ķȥʵ౬߰Ԫʵ޷סЩȺǿߣҪǱΧס׶༪١
Ӱ֮䣬ܿ򶷾ͳԼǰǰһ欵ŮӰ趯еһɹסǰһεǣȻǿԤϣԷ֮䣬Ӱϵĺˡ
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Ϊκε𣿡ЦҲ̫Сˣ
Ц֮䣬׵˫ϣֲ׵ȻܣֱֱĺͶԷצײȥһ

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ԼѪһ󷨼ԼʵԷ
ɾڴʱȴЦΪ𣿲˼һá


806 ɱ
ԲѣǻʺһķӿڣޱȣʲôȻҪ
㿴ŶԷЦ㣬̫
ŭУָ䶯һ֮УռŤĿռ뵽ģǬɣ
趯Уһ𶯶ֲ֮䣬Ťأܣһֶ£ǻС
Ϊ˲˷ʱ䣬Ͷͨɱ㣬ԵܴԲ֮ʵЦ򱩶У˵ĴЩ˼ɵġǽ֣ǾƾѪ֮һ磬Űˡ
ҪǶԷɵĴҲܽһĻǾܱȻʱ´֮κǿߣԴ֮Щ˼ɵġ
ǿѾϿɣ֮һȣͨҪͶԷҲѶȡ뵽⣬쳣ɽϧǣѾķˡ
㣿ǻʱУ˲֪ݡĽݹ;壬õͨΪ鴫Ͻʱʩչͨһ۾Ϳˡ
ʶ㣬ǻ۾ɱĴ춨ϵλ
ǣ̲ܵסȻУʵȻܵѹƣܵʵ˷ֶ
ǻʾʵҪǿУʵ϶õ¡Ƕ֣
ǻʻδӦ͹ЦĴЦ֮䣬Ȼ׺ͬһ㣬𶯶ռ䡣
׵һ㣬ɨ˹ǻҪ㣬Уˣһͷͳװס
׵ǻϣõĴܴԲֲһǿߣоȻ֮ûУѪһ齹ڡ
໡ǻʺУֲ𶯶ķƣҪĹ
㿴ŶԷˣǴżӵЦ֮Уƿ򣬻žǿʵҪȻŷ֮ܣҲֻаһ·ߡ
رԼʵͶԷ൱£Լʩչ֮ͨǾžѹʵѹƣǻ䡣
׵粻ϵı£ǻʲҽһĲҽ£Ҳ
ԷˣӰһŶԷһ˹ȥ˳ȥӿ뵽ǻڣѶԷ飬ҪҳԷ龧֮ġȴûУ
ŵ壬ָ㶯ɢСɽڵϡ
忴һĻһȻޱȣϾײе໽ԱѪɴΧġͼһһǵУűѪ֮ЦǵĻ߶κβңѵΪ⹷ƨκβҲɣ
˵֮䣬һ׵ֱЩȥ
Ѫ֮ȷʵǿһɱıǡΪĵǻѾ䣬Ķ֣һ׵ɨʱŲǱɵĽ̿
ԷѪ֮Ҳ׵պɣɢŽζ鲼ա
ɱһȺ㶢ЩǹЦ껪ʥӡӳΣɱ
֪ƾԼΪضĵˡοԼǻˣϹžͺǽԹԣҲָܺǱǰӡȻǾɱɡ
Լʵߡ޵У
ҽ֮鲼գ㱩׵£ڷЩˣһ໽е
ɱȻ׷ϣһ·ɱ¾ѪȾ档
ʱҪܻĻȻϲޱȡΪɱǣľӢɱٸ
Ӷң
ɱ¾£ڸˣмܱҪס㡣£ɨ֮䣬ƿԷֹɨ˹ȥ
ɨ֮䣬ʱвڷ
ԽսԽǿǵԤϣÿαֲ£ֵܵġǳ֣Ҳֻ΢ֹһ¶ԷĶܵסԷ
üǻʺȻǺܿͷֵĹɣ󺰵Ҫֵߡ
Щ忴ˣ˶֣ԷͶ֮ɱҪ˳֣Ҳɱ塣
Լеļ߿ס֣һϽסֻ֡Īķ̡壬ƽڼΪ֮һȻԷɱҡ˵ȥǻ
Էٵ·Ҳûг֡˵ȻںɱһЩˡǣɱʲôо
㼤䣬׼뿪ʱһȵƳѹ£ܵĿռѡ
Ĳ͵һͣдżֹ˼ɡʹǿֹ߽Ȼ֪ǿߵƣʱѹ֪Ǵߡ
Ǹ쵰˵ûдǿ𣿡дڵȴ£һط׭ϵı
ǰվһƤݵߣվһƵġ֣߳е嶼һеľ֡
ˡ
ˣˣɱСӡ
ˣҪΪǵ˱𰡡

һԭҳֻܵ壬ʱ໽С
ֵ߿ŵϱɱ壬ǵɺѪҺǿƻǵУӿֳɱ⡣

һڣһ֧壬Ϊ𡣻ٺѪϵǣԼȴԷɱ˲֪١
㿴ߣû˵ɲϵıֱֱĶǰǡ
ܵǰߵɱ⣬ڨڨһЦǸֻǰѵһ塣ǣ̫ˣֻɨһЩ׵磬Ǿǰˡȡ治ǹġ
͡
һ˲Ƶǻ̲סһѪҺ˳ɱ˼ˣһΪӡ˵Ļ
ֱоŭӿ
ˣɱƤҪǧ
໽
ŶԷ໽Уӣõ˶Լô𣬻ɱǧԼҲûɱǧͷǰвֹ
߶㣬¶ɱ⣬Ȼ׼֡
۾һŶԷ׼֣͵Զ䡣
ܲ˵ġԷ׷һ˲͵ǰ
㿴ԼǰɫͻȻһЦЦ˭Ҫˣ
ߵĴУһԾ׭ӿ֣߿ɫҲ͵һ䡣


807 ƭ
ɽӹŶѹ
Ĵ£׭仯׭ŶŶƣѹ£̩ɽѹ֮䣬ȫѹסƵġѹ£·ضҪݣĪݣŶѹ£ûʲôֵܵ𶯵˺Ȼѡ
ҲȻѣ弤䣬ҪܿܵĿŶѹ£ҪѹĹͷ
߱޿ɱܣڵŹŶ˹ȥ
ĿסŶͲˡ㿴ŶԷסŶЦһӰһӰӣԶߡ
㼤ߣҪ׷ȥǹŶѹѲˣֻĿ㼤ߡ
ģԷŭһҪŶŶԶԶǿĹƣ۶˲ֻĿŶԷ롣
ǻ׶ԷΪʲôʱ˿ˣԷƺˣԼ֡
ŹŶ׭۵ĹŶҲ𺳣ֵܱۣȻͨЧ
ðСӡôܶĴУ𺳣еȴŶȥҪѹŶ顣
ߺŶʱӰ֪
忴ԼĴ𶼱סһʧѡһܵǿߣôסԼĴ
Ǵ߱ϾǴߣͨȻǿҲסһӣڶԷһ£ŶѿһѺۡ
ƣߴһ۳ڹŶ֮ϣһŭȣŶը쫷ϯܣŰ
ΪıȽϽ쫷ɨУʱֱѿѪҺȾ档
߿һĻ˫ǵ˫Ҳɱʮ㣬ߵ˵˭ʵͨԲһġǵ۹ͨǸĵӣ
ոǻʴ˵ҵĽݹ㡣һ幧˵
оȣ֪ĶһЩ˵ҲֵķзǴԣǽŵһ˺ص۵ĵӡȻ֪ǲģ޷粻ˣʮ֮˾ġҪȻصϽЩΪʲôûǿǰɱ
Ҫ˵Щ岻֪Էǲܵģֲ½ķ紵ݶӵùǶĿġ
ʲôоȣ壬δɣ
ǰġ˵ʲôǻʴ˵ǳǼġ
Ǽ΢΢һ㶣漴ɫ͵Ĵ䣬ãܵķǼ̳ķǶͷ
ǼԼˣϽο˷ģһ˴󡣶Ҹֱ鲼Ѫ֮㴫֮ͻƽȥ
룬ҲȻһŴе춯ЩѪǾͻᱬѪ֮ԼȥԶͻƣ赲СˡֻҪסСӣԼϹȥɡӵͨı಻ˡ
Ϊĵ۲Ǵܵסġ

һ֧ģʱһֻ޴ǻѹһˣʱող򶷵ǷֵĻֻȫѪǻʣǱնɱֻԪǡ
Էѹ²ˣ㡣
ǻѹȥǰһ޴ʯգʯʮ׾޴ʯϣŹâ㿴һĻ۾͵һʯϷŵľҪĶ
뵽⣬ͳ
׼ȥʱһŭ͵Ķ棬һֻǻʣֻǻѹվס
һ£ʯӿֲ壬ЩѪһ𣬶ʱһ۳֮䣬һ
㿴͵һ֪ôƵġ
ǻʴˣǰǿѪǻʣȲѡλǻʴʵֲ̤һܴﵽˣȻҲ˳
ǻʶŶԷĺȵ
ǻʴˡ˿ʯռ̳ǱԷһȣŵĵдž֡Ż˵ķԸǵǰ
ǻʴˣﲻ˽ȥ
ǻʻҲ˵һצɨ˳ȥɨ֮䣬һֻǸȵĹڵϣѪۡ
ʲô˼˵˲ɣ
ңǾ
Ҿ͸ҹǻŭȵʸոһߣ˴£ҶҪ
ǿŶԷ˿˼ɣһѹǰԷҪ赲ȴҡֻɻǻʴ˽̫ˣȥɬ⣬ҲӱˡûмԼˡ
ǻϵ˺ۣҲȻǵһγĴ˷й
ǻߵʯڴ嵲ǰŭһÿ
ЩȻƻĻǼԷǱ飬վҵֵɢÿ·ѹȥ
ǻʴˣȥͿԣ˽ǰɡһֺõܹ
ǻһķСӴҪʬΣ
һ仰Ǵһ˺ҿǻʣʱǶǻʴˣ˭ҧ˭
ǻʯȥ̲֮סҪЦ
ȥʯǻǺáɹƭòˣҪȻԼҪѡ
뵽ԷĴߺܿͻ׷Ӱʯն弤ȥ⣬ԼҪҵĶӦþ档
ٺ١
㼤ͬʱʯ֮⣬ԷĴҲ˹ŶԷǰػǸϽӭȥڣˡ
߼ûд򶷵ĺۼһûпﾭ
ࣿǾȣûп࣬ǿǻʴѹһࡣ
ţüǻѹһࣿǻʲǱɱ𣿡
ɱˣֻǾ漴ҡҡͷ˵ʲôءҸոջǻʴѹһ̳ء
ѹһ̳߲ѣǺܿͷӦɫ䣬˵Ƿ˽ȥˣ
ǰǻʴˡ
ŭһδȶԷ˵꣬ͺݺݵһƶԷѶԷƿ߹ǣ˭ǽȥһȺ
Ǳ㵲ѣ޷⡣ںǻʴ˶ôˣƢô
ڼȥʱʯռ̳ʼҡλÿʼضɽҡ
쵰Ǽһˡߴ󼱣ռȥ
ЩȴûзӦһľʯԱסĿ⿴ͷݵʯն壬һ꣬ǻʴѹŵġ
һĻһۣ漴˹
ƻ࣡໽쳹գһ¶Ķ㡣
ʱ㣬ȴоһеıһ۾Ѫ죬ʯյķܶȥȥ


808 Դ
ʯϵ㣬ʱһŽҫ۵ӣȫƣƵģ֮䣬͸֮УϢȻٴͻƵĸо
ԴоӨ͸ӣи˲ѣͼСԭʣʱԴ;һ㶼ûпš
Դõһɱ䣬һȼڻ¡͸ոץסһ˲䣬͸оеԴϵ뵽У⣬ϴ֮䣬оǿ˲١
Դõ۹֮ͨ۳һž޴áԾѪ塣
ǵĶֶΣֻǲ۳˵ԴֱȻǿҪǣﰲȫˡ
ԣܶ߶쳣õԴΪܼʮ꣬ʮĿޡ
Դջͼʱ򣬶ԷĴҲ䵽ǰԷǵҲϯӰܿԷĹҪߵʱ򣬴ǵǰߣ˵
Ƕ㣬ɱ⡣û뵽ǴʹԴȻԷˡɱǴ˹ûкӹ
㶢ŶԷǰΧ룬ЦλֻǺʹҿһЦòôӪɡ
ĻЩǸҧгݵĶ㡣ֵȺ췭ظȻ˼˵Ц
Ȼ֪ǵ뷨һɢ˵ĹĿ⿴ŶԷĴߣȻǴ棬ǲɱҡΣʹ˷뿪ô˼޹
Цɱ֮ѡֲϯŵۣΪ֮𶯣ܾǴܣԶܺҽ档
ǶڱĴܣ˵֮ɱңֱΡ˵ʱ򣬾ŵǬĿռ䣬ռľŶԷ˹ȥ
䡭
ȥ֮䣬ͶԷһ𡣿ֲ㽻ײһ𣬱ϯʯնķ顣
㱻ĵɳȥȴ˶Էһơ
ŶԷһƱԼɢЦ߹㣬ȻǴ棬Ҫɱѡ
Ƕ㣬ҲżءǿĳϣͨȻõ۵һе
ŵǬֲ𺳣ȻܽԿ档
ҲĿ㣬֮ԷҲס굽׶ôֲѹǵǻʴ˻С
Ƕ㣬еŭʮ㣺治ͬ졣ǣΣ̫󣬴治͸¡㵱ôô𣿲棬վҲֻ׳۶ѡ
Է˵ʱ򣬵۲ȫۻХڸȥ˺Ȼ
ͬɫ䣬վԼֵܵģϯӰҪܿˡ
ǣߵĹô򵥣㣬˷ĵ·һɹס㱻ΣɨŵǬʩչ뷽Բռ䣬һƺ˳ȥ뵲סԷĹ
֪ҪǴ򵽴ʩչͨУҲҪ֡ǣʱͨҲֻһ;ߡǶ㣬ЦеĹ
ͶԷһԷ˵ԼͨȻֲǱȴɲ磬ɹ𵴣Ѫ
ꡭ
Ϻ㱻Ľڽںˣ̲סһѪҺ³
屻ɣգһ޴ĺۼվȡ
סʮУ֮£޵ˡǶ㣬ȴ𺳲ѡʵԤϡҪƿص֮κβ˶Է
ǾˣʮУȻԷֻĿѪҺѡ
һת֮䣬ƽϢеѪǣ㻹С˴ߵǿʹŵҲܶƽϢѪ
ʱҪǲܱ֤ȫʢʵпܱԷɱԴߣÿһʧ󣬶ܰ
ȻʵٶȲעҪҵУ½Ϊ𶯰ɡҲܵ춨
㿴ŶԷЦǴԲѣвûߡ㵱𣿡
룬Ҫɽ汻顣Ĵ棬ɱˡ
Բѣȥٴα۳ֲ𵴣ٴΰΧ
״ָ䶯ռ֮ȫƣ˺ѳһӣ
Ѫ֮ӡǣԡ
̲סӡ᲻ϵĽĶͷϣһӡӡһĪѹعŶԷ˼ݡ
ʱȴѪͬˮƵģȵĳ
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Ѫߴ͵Ŀͷצ˵ҵѪ֮ǵѪ֮ʥѪ峤ѪΪһצ
ȻҲдԣҳһצȻ֪ǲģǽѪǿѪ֮
ǰ꣬ӵצǲ˵ſҼѪ֮ҲӵкͬȵǱ
뵽⣬ɱġҼʵ죬˵Ҫ̤һˡȻ֪ǲģ˵צѪĿֲ
Ķ㣬ޱȡ
ӶѪ֮ڷѪ˲ƽϢոĵȫָżɵȵУоԼһͷƵġ
ʱӦÿȾԪ˰ɡֹѪ֮ľȻıһΡͻȻҪԼܴԲѪ֮ǲǿԿȴ棿
ͷ²⣬߲ǸǴͬԣܴԲѪ֮ҲֻǰԼһΣ޷ȴ档
˵ʥѪʱѪ˾ҲʮֽӽʥʥѪˡãȡѪҺ塣ʥʥѪǺöǶ˵
㿴ɨ˹ȭͷҲ˵ʮȫֱֱͨӭȥ
䣡һ죬ٴαɳȥѪѪֻһ˲䣬ͱڵѪƽϢ
Σ֪ʹһ޴ķˮ룬ԲôÿԽġѪЧҲܵ棬𶯳ƣȻѪת֮䣬ȫָǺεȵĻָٶȣ
סһУסһ𣿡
ŶԷٴɨ˹֪ȥԲǶԷ֣һҧӰ趯ȫֲơ


809 ҪҪ߾
Ӱ趯֮䣬ܵĿռҲ趯Ŀռ֮ܣռ仯ȫһжУ򸲸Ƕ£ѴҲС
ǼʩչУоԼܵ⣬еҲܵԷĿƣշѹ
˵ֻǴܣʩչͨҲκβҡߣȫȣӿȥ򡣡
۵ǣأʹԿҲȫѹơǱά
Ѫ֮ӿɹ뵽֮Уȵȶ
ף׻󣬺һСĺУ׵籩׵绯Ŵֶȥ
ǿ˿ֲ׵磬ɫҲ˱䡣Ȼǿ˿ֲ׵磬ĺ
£צ
ŭ֮䣬צ֡צɢ˺ȻĹâצӿ׵ȥ׵һ
䡭䡭
֮䣬ľУҡ𵴡
֮֮ס֮ʥ֮ס
Ĵ£ԭ׺ͻȻʧ˲Ʊ鲼׵д岻һĪ֮ѹ£ΪǣʱҲɫ䡣
֮Ȼġ
֮ףΪ̷
ԭ׵磬һͷ޴Ľ֮䣬е۵ϡ
֮㴫еõʥ׾֮емʮԭֻдﵽ֮ܶáǣЩͬر֮У۳֮
׵֮䣬ȻҲѺۡȻʹҲѳϾֻǴܵʵ۳ġ
£һ޴ĺۼۼ֣ķƣ֮䣬Ҫ˺ѡ
ǿһĻҲɫ䣬дž壬Ҳұȫĵȫչ֣֮鲼Хϯһѷ졣
ŵǬǬŤת֮ѹ
ĺ£͵Сѹȥѹ֮£Ǽʹŵ۶ԿɸоĪѹ
ԼȫԷܵס̾һ棬վǶԷ֡ҪǴǿߣĸԪѹ£öԷûз֮
Դ棬ȴıԷֵҲҪԷ۳ͻơ
ŶԷҪͻԼָһ㣬ƣȥ񱩵Ҳ˺ء
ǺȻȴòʮ־һҧ屩֣֣ʱĵ۳۵ĪʱҲ׵񱩡
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ŭһצӣ۳棬ɽ׵
˲ѡľɨϣƺһ׷ɳȥѪҺ

챩ֱֱһɽеǱ飬¶Ȼ֮ɫԱǣЩﵲסı˺ѡ
أʱʵķ飬һƬǽ壬ڵϣᡣ
ǲûбö٣ĵɳȥ׵ĳճһ˺ۣɢĽζ
סನǣһĻҲȻǵھȻˣΪ棬ӴΪϵȻڴܵĹˣ⡭
˶͵ĿŴӵ㣬һʧУǿֵز
ʱܿ⴫棬Ҫﵽ档滹Ǿ֮䣿
ǸϵľʹҲͺȻͲšΪȻһܴǱڶ£˲ơ
Ķ㣬ײУǿҵԤϣǵΪֹˡ
㶢ŶԷЦǿδء
ڵѪϵĹĶĶ֮޸壬ԷĲƣѪ֮İ£ָɡ
ͬ˲ƵĴǣɫ֪ԼʵԴ滹Ų̵ľ롣־޷ԽҪֵԷһѣսȥԼҪܵġ
壬ܵĽֻһǾ
뿪˵ʵٽһΡܺսһսֹӿԽԽǣһӰ䵽ա
ҪӣǼ缤ȥ໽һ쳹֮䣬ĵ۳ȥҪ㵲
ԤϵԵ۵Ĺֻܿ
ס㣬дżЦ뾡ٶȳԽܡҲӲ˴棡
Ҫߣ˭Ҳס㿴ŵǰĴǣЦҲȥǣһ֧壬ȴ߾ߡ
Ļ嶼ŭˣ㵱Ҳɣ߾ߣ
ɱ㣡ŭһ۽ɹϳ
ЦͼУǰͻȻһֻǻʣǻмһȥ˿ĻȻᷢϾߵꡣ
ǻʳ֣͵
Դ֮֮֮֮꣬ұ
ĺ£ǻǷͰ֮Էӿֵĵۣɫ䡣
ãˣСǻԱ
˴󺧣ӰԶӴܡʱҲЦŴǴЦԱ
˵ʱӰԶߣٶȿ磬֮䣬˲仯һ㡣Ҫ׷ȥǰǻѾ͵£ǰӰٵܿ
䡭
һһ޴Ģƴӱըڶϯ֮䣬ռ䶼ݣһɽҲѿ˾޴ѷ죬ɽıƽ
ʹǴǵٶȣҲûȫܿԱ֮ϣĿѪҺһѪҺͿգټٴγһѪۡ
رŰĲӣŰܾãƽϢ֮󣬴Ǵ͵ĿǰǵȺأĲԷݻ١Ǹ꣬Ͳټˡ
Ա»ǣһ͵ĿǰһսʧءһУһɵģһһܡ
˴Ŀǵڣʱָڣɫ԰ףѿ㣬Ƶ¶˫ֽţҧ
ʺ㲻졣
쳤Х𶯶쳹աʹѾ˼Զ㣬Էĺ⡣
Ȼв˿⣬Ӱ䵽㣬Զ䣬ҪһȫĵطԼʵٴһ˵


810 ͻ
һ֮ٵһ֧ءҲǣµ㣬Ҫ㾾ҲԶҪǿɽУԷ˼ΡֻʵǿŰǾ
Ǿˣ㵽ҲԽԽоͷۡЩǴʱηϰǧȼѪ֮Ǵ֡Ȼ£ȴҲһ鷳ҪǴҪʱ䡣
ԷҲǿߣŴ档ҪǱԷסһ̵ģԷǿߴʱԼҪ߾ˡ
ʱߣǴԷһֲԷ֪ԼʵôǿԼڳ֡󶼲
ǣʱҪٱΧԷ϶Ǿ֮Ըҽа崫棬ȴҶԷһǡҪǲһУȼѪ֮ԸԼ涼ʵԱԷ׵ĺɱˡ
㲻ϵĻһطһطȴϵıԷҳЩİɡô飬ں涼ҳˡ
ΣֻҰȫ֮ء㲻ûǰӪȥ·ͱԷˡʱܹȥͶ
ڱܿһȺȺǲҪΧɱ£ҵһʵĵطһһ£¶ͣϸƣɲ⣬ƾ㣬ܵסǣնǣ˭ȥ
ˣһֱŶԷҲŷꡣ룬ܲôҵɡ
ӰͱУһһӡԼϢ
ЩûһͣͼеԴҲȡԴһ֣ɢŽ⣬Դϵӿֳû뵽С
һԴ͸оԼǿڱϴӡ
ǰӨ͸һСԴи̾ǹֶΣԴ۳ѹܳΪ½Ĺ֮һˡ
뵽⣬㲻뵽ԼԺеӡͺΰųǻʣӡĥ֪ӡʲôϵ
ӡУҪһӡı仯ǣԴһ֮ӡͬԺһĸоҲʧһɶӡˣҲûһ˿ϵ
ȴﵽ棬ǵ취ҳӡ˵˭ֹʥԤʲôҵӡ˽⡣
Ӹ˼ջأĿ⿴еԴһɹԴϵû뵽УоԼڱˢϴͬˮƵġ
ȻˢϴȷʵǿǶھ״˵㲻ʲô
һ鱻ԴˢϴǿȲϵıǿз׭֣Ĳϵۣٴγһ׭׭ֵͭһ㡣
䡭䡭
Դϴˢ忪ʼ
󣿣
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һĺУһ׵֡һ׵֮䣬ܿʼһӰһӰޣɽӣ
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׹֣ܵԪҲȫԪ뵽Уʼ۳ھŵΡͬʱеҲıɢʼԪȡ
һҪԪŨ˺Ȼ屻ŨԪǣͬһϼһ㣬Ԫӿ뵽С
ǾˣԪҲɣϢǵĲԡ
£еԴԴϵ뵽УûǲĹС
䡭ԴϾԪ뵽УԪʼԴȥ
棬˲䱻ˣһѪҺ˳
һԪԴ߽ĻԼĵﶼбԷ顣ҪǵһƣԼֻ·һ
ϳɫҰףȴʮΡҪԪֲԪͼĸϴˢԴŻᲹȥ
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ԪκβԴֻײܵסˡԤϵӿУһɹԴߵֹͣ
ǣװԴУûܶ١ʱͻƣûԴ䣬ҪԪ
оͷ۲ѣҪԪԼ㲻絽ԪǶǲȱġʱ򣬲֪Ҫöʱ޲ȱ
Ԫͬ籩һӿ뵽壬ҪǱߣһĻͺȻˡҪ˵ͻƵԪһΡͻζˡ
ǣȴɲ㡣ΪԪҪϾ⣬ԪܳںϵС
оͷۣ׼ҩݵʱԭװԴȻһɹԪ¶Ȫ֮ˮƵġ
һɹɵԪ뵽УƱƱ֮䣬ܵԪǷ뵽С
Ԫ⣿Ҳ㵣û뵽Դ֮󣬾ȻԪ⡣
ѵ˵ԴǽԪ⣬Ȼط죬ԪıŰתͣӶԴ
ԽԽÿܣΪ˵ֻҪԴϴǣȻܴﵽܡЧԪһȻͬǣԪ̫Űܵȥգûʲô
ԴȴΪºֻͣҪСһЩǰǣȥա
ǺֶΣԪתº͵Դи̾ͻȻǿֲĺˡŤתԴʵôֲ
ԴԪ֧£ʵϵ񲻶֣ϣ۷׭֮ϣâɡ
ܿ죬ʹﵽ˾Ԫʵһ
һΣҪﵽԪԲһһҧֽԴɹԴϵ뵽УԴҲԿɼٶȣڲϵСС
Դϴ֧֣ͻƵԪ֮ʵٶȲϵӡ
ַо쳣泩һĸоԴҪ˵һҲΪǽԪ۵
㲻ϵʵʱͻȻһ죬һɫ䣺ãԷˡ
ɫ䣬û뵽Էٶô죬ﶼ˹
䡭
һ죬ֲ֮䣬ķӡ˲䱻ķ顣ΪһȺǣǰһֻǺֹǡ
ֻǺķӡŻͻе㣬΢΢һ㶣Ͼ͹ЦˣȻͻƣߣԭΪҪٵֽţʱɡ
쳣ˬ죬ͻеöԸͻƣҪԷ춼


811 ɱ棿
ˣɡǶ㣬۳һȵ˹ȥ
ԭΪԷͻƣûֵĹǣķӦȴϡֻԾ֮䣬ñܿԷĹڶ֮УһƬʯķ飬ʯݣӰ¶һǶ档ʱڷеԴ
ǼȻܱܿĹ΢΢üͷʱѵӦȫĵͻ
رʱʩչܿⶼɣ
ʮֲ⣬ǿеԴϵıС̲סǴʹġʱ׼Ǳһõģû뵽ǣԼǻδãԷȥˡ
̲סٴһǣӰһٴαܿĹüͷһ壬ķӦԤϣ˵ͻƵʱԼֶԸȻԶԷиšǣǰȴ˿⣬ʵڲϵ
Χ۵Ԫ𺳡ʱףԷ֮ǰûдﵽԪƾŰԪʵԼôáҪﵽԪ߲Σ˵Լκβˡ
һͻơź⣬һֲ۵ۣ˷˶ȥ
㿴ŶԷĹһʩչ£֮䣬һӰӰǸʵķ飬ȴɿݵıܿԷĹ
㵱ͻôôϵ𣿡㣻ߣԪ쫷һϴ뵽СϢܴԲ
еԴҲһɹԴϵ뵽֮УΪṩԪ⡣
ǿԴӿ뵽УҲȻѡԴȻº֮ͣԴһϴˢ壬ҲԲǳܵġ룬Ͳϴˢ
ѵСӵԼҪǿôܣԼǴ档Ǵ͵Ŀ㣬ٴαһȥֲȻ·ȫסƵ·ֻܺͶԷ֡
գעҪĵͻƣѰ·Ƕ㣬֮ɫ
㲻ܣڶǲУһ˳ȥռ֮ȫ뵽ֱϣŵǬڶԷһϣİѶԷ飬һȱڣȱмܿԷİˡ
ⲻܣǼ㻹ֵдŲ֮ɫԤϡһͻƵߣӦýصôֵĹ
мĵ̣ȻȻͻƣŲᱻšǣʱǽԴͻợô֣ܳ
ԷԤϡ
㿴ŶԷ𺳣ɫ˵ͻƺͲͻƶһģܴʵѹơ׺͵ͻƵʱûաһжˮɵġûбա
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˸ܵƣһɫ䡣Ǵǣо˼顣ƣԶԶܵơʹʮ˸ܶ۵ƣȲ
ôܣǲţҪεȾӵʵơ룬ҪԽͨܶʮϵʵ
о֣ҪͻƵ棬ֻǺε죿ǴʱѾԼԶˡﵽ棬Լһ֮ڡ
ձҪɱҪȻ֡Ƕ㣬еɱŨ
󣡡Ƕ㣬ڶǴ
仰ڶѪ֮ӿһƬ򶼸֣㸲СɹѪӿɫһ䡣ԼĵվǷˣʮͷǲĶѪ֮Ĵһʱ̾ͻƲˡ
뵽⣬㵹ȶ˼лһԴͼһСⶫûȥ̺á˵ʱһΣþûЧˡ
һΣǳʵﵽ˴ܴԲֻҪһﵽ档
뵽⣬һŴ˵ոմﵽܴԲá
ŵĻôĶ㣺Բѣֻϣ¹Ŀ
㿴һɴǣŴ˵֪￴ԼڱѪôһģ
Զûġȥֲ£ռ˺ѣ𶯡
ܿԷĹĿƵĿŴ˵ǰ˵ûдɱߵĴڡȴ٣һΪ½պǿߣΪĤݵĴ˵
˵⣬˶ټ˵죬ҾҪ׷Ѱ͵ĽŲԴܵʵɱ档õǰĵ·
˵꣬ŶԷѹȥֲƽ֮䣬
ǹЦЦ쳹գû˵ôЦĻԼ˭Ϲ鲻ɣ
û½ȷʵдɱǣЩ˭ǳɾʹۣߵĴڡ˭Ǿͱ֤һܳɾʹ
ԲѣŭЦĶ˵ҪԿ棬ֱ롣
㶢ŶԷЦǲ룬Ժ֪
Ҳϻһ۵۳ȥʵҪʲôʸ˵仰
ʮɵһֱϣֱԷ۶ȥ
䡭
ֲľŰΪ֮ݡ㱻ĵǶԷҲԷ顣
Ҳ㿴ŶԷдżֱģʲôʸӴΪϣ
ǼԼ̺۵Է飬ҲżײСԤϣʵֲŵ۵ܺ顣ʵѾİ˾ųˡ
ֱֱĶ㣬ĦԼͶԷĲࡣһ£ԼͶԷǺܴɡǣͷ۵ǶԷ֮ܽܶԸġ
޷ԿԷĴ֮ԼҪܶԷ;޿ܡ㵹ͨͨʩչҲܾѹơԣҪԸԷĴ֮򵥵İ취ԼҲд֮
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ǵԺôԸңҪһĴ룬ûƷϽ׵ģҪóˡ


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ԭҪɱǵĵõѪģǿǵģõƳĹҲǿȥﵽ棡
ǣҪǻôྫȥƴ棬㻹ԼͻƵ档رǣʱΪͶԷ֣ԷƴһɴĻԼҪԿ
Ȼʳ˶Է꣬վǱԷɱˡ
Ľ޺ɨ˳ȥĽ޺ɨ֮䣬ʮͷǵգڷ
ԼͬϢһǼħƵģԶӴܡ
ӴܵǣҲû׷ȥͷӡ뵽УʼϢԼ壬ȼ˾ѪҪָҪķһЩ¡ҺõǣԼƵҩ̵ʱָ
գܵԪϵ뵽СҲ˴Ժ޹˼ɵԪһԪ֮䣬ռ䷭һ쫷磬ԭϢʼɳ
ָһǼʱԼоʵָʱԶߡʱѾûǸҵֵˣʱһֻֻǾ·
һ·裬Ҫ뿪Ⱥصǵ۹ʱ򣬼͵ı֡⼸֣㺧Ȼѡ
Ǵ棿͵ıǲ֮ɫ
ôܣʹ壬һ֧壬Ҳӵôഫ氡
ıԿһ棬սʱĿ⡭


814 쵰㣿
Ӱ棬վһֻǣֻǱȫѹϣѹȫëֱо岻ѡ
ʵȷʵǵסһ涼൱ˣʩչ˻ŰѶԷնɱǰǶ֣
壬ܴܣһʱ
ĻˣҪ˳֣˵ĻʲôϡֻǻΣǰһưֲӵеۣоĪѹ
λĿ졣㶢ֻ˵λӦʥصİɣ
룬ֻܳܶԿһǷ֧̫ӵĵֻ̣ʥＫңԶôôϹ
㵹۹⣬ܿǴʥظϹģԷֻǶ㣬ҪǶְɡһΣ
۾˵ҵģ
ǺǣյϽкܶ˹עˡ湻󵨵ģʵʵĴңܵҫãץȥǴˡǴ˿ɶȤһλǶЦ߰ɣö˺
ԷĻȴ˾ξˡôҲ벻ǾȻʲôʵֲκһԶǡϹűƺΪ˳ƺΪĴڡ
ĴڣףдǿĶСǣǴ½Ĵ֮һ߸ϡв϶ѡ
ǣԷȴҪʲô
˼˺ܾãԼûнҪӲ˵нǵʥӳǣΪԷ֪ԼҲ̫˰ɡ
뵽һܣԼԺеӡѵӡͶԷŹϵ
ԽԽпܣҪȻԷʥݶߵʱԼӡֱ仯
Ǵǲ˵ˡ΢΢˺һŹ˵涼ûдﵽϲǴ˵ۡҿ˰ɣҸԻؼϴϴ˯ɡ
ٴμн·ס˵Ȱ˼ĺãȻҲɻǴҪ㡣Ǵ˿ˣͱһˡ
˵֮䣬Էѹǿ񱩣ĵɹ쫷磬λá
ҪˣͶˡʱ򣬶ֶϽž͹ֲˡԷ㣬Ц˶ȫ㣬ǶٻЩ˼ɵġ
һ֧У֪Դܵʵɱ˴档սʱΪ֮Ȼ鲻ûзȴǷëǡ
ڱˣ˼ݾȡϾԷҵӵʥѪͳ
ʥ壬ȻԸϡʵǹģѪ֮ˣ߸ϣޱȡʹǵǴˣҪѷɫΪԷġ
ӵѪڴܶɱ˴棬Ȼ죬ǲǲܷ
˱𶯾ƣֱֱץ˹ȥȻӲԸ⣬ֻԳˡ
㿴˹ӰһӰҪܿǣ㻹δܿԷһǿ߾һƺ˹İ·ס
ɫ䣬һĺͶԷײһ𡣴ȵѪ屬˶
ǲȴǲЩ򡣵֮˲Ƕ֣ǽȴһҪǵġ˵꣬ٴһİ
ͬʱ£¶壬סһ˾ʮֳˡ˵ܿġ
һҧѪ֮ĵҪƴһʱȴƺıŤǰռͻȻ쳱ˮ˶ȥ
ֳ£ʵķ飬ҲĵдżֺȻɫ԰ס
һ㶣δӦô£ͼջ߳ˡˣϲϣ壡
ǰ˲ͺϣ˭ЯֶҲûпһֱֱۣߡ
ʱҲɫ䣬ϺѪɫǺصۣǵġӰҪԼʮٸҲǶԷĶ֡
ǻδԶһ䵭ǵȻֹͣ
ǸһֻҪʥ֮⣬嶼Ҫ
仰ҪǱ˵˵Ƕмһˡǣ˵仰ȴǽŵһ˵ĺؿʲô
˸һӣûһֵʣ˭ҧ˭˵һ仰Ǹұ֤Է϶ɱ塣
鲼½֪ж٣ҲԷĲɱԷҪ֣½ľͻʥһˡ
ԷԭأŰĿ⿴㣺ͺС˵ˣϽ̫е紵ݶҶ֪ˡ㻹һϽɱ¾
ϵٺһЦⲻкϸ׳𣿡
ε̾һڵȻסһЩˣȴסһлǵÿԼʵС
ãϽͶҸײǰοΣɱһΡ
ĻЦһµСӣϽѵһλòءȻ
ٺЦ˵岻ҪڴӪ±Ĵ
һ۵²ҵҪ˭Ҵ
һٻˡ㷭˷ۣ俴
񣬸ǿЦãСӻˡҪ˵˭ٻ˭ȵù
´һ㣬ͷצ˵ͷЦ㸸İɣǺǣȻҲǣȴȲңʵȴô
Ȼʵ죬ҪӡʥѪӡǣҪ䱬ӦеȴҲҪַõλϼһ֡û뵽֮ǰ㸸װӡˡ
Ȼ֪ϵ˼ͷ˵Ǹף
Ҳͦá˵һ䣬ЩԺ֪˵ʲôԲ˵Ƕõˣ
ѾﵽܴԲ֮˵ϽȡԴµһԴݸ˵ÿԸá
Լǰɡ˵Ŀ⿴ϡȴϿԴ̾һ
ǹֶΣƾԴΪԴԴϵһܡѹֵǡˡȷʵ
źϵĻҲЦһʵҲȥãǣȴΪԷһֻǣֻʵ
Ҳ֪Ǹ쵰ЩųŭһеĲԶ׼
ŭ³һû˳͵Ŀɫǵͨ졣
ˣ΢΢һ㶣漴ɴ۾쵰ɣ
һ仰úҲתͷ㡣


815 С
Ǹ⡣ŭ˫۶㣬ӡ
ϣͺ϶һۣ漴ĿƵĿ㡣㱻ֱֱĶţЩë׼͵͵뿪ܿʱ򣬺̾һ廨˲پŰǷڴ½֮⡣ȴ뵽ȴųϹͬϼһġǾҪԼԸˡ
˵Щʱпɬ뵽ʥûӡǣʱȴڻַųԻǵĶԹ϶ҪԸ㡣ԺһУͿܲˡ
ǵǿ죬ûкǽֹǶԷµĴ˵ȴ٣ǿڵ干ʱ򣬻ҽа廪ǿ֪Էǿʲôز
ǰأһڵѲ˵ΣҲӵġ
ϵͷĿ⿴ոΧ棺Ƚ˵ɡȻϷ򵭳ôˣҪ˼ǵûôһڡһЩèҵӵ鷳
ں׼ֵʱϽֹЦǺǣôͷϡˡ
ϵʱҲ֪Ͼǽŵһ˵ĺصֻۡǵżȻϣ̸·Ƿѧ˽ﵽһ־ĵزŰѰƷάꡣ
ȻҲںϵõٺôʦˣΪ˺ܶѧ⡣
ʱͲ²ǰݷǷô²⣬û뵽ϾȻǽŵһ˵ĺصۡһ˵ܴƵĴ˵кܶˣ鿴
ȵǣȻΪӣȻҵӣ츳ǣȴҲһϵĵӣ֮䣬жٿĹֲţȵĲûСǣҲΪӡ
컯и̾һ䣬Ŀ⿴ǡ
ֻǼĿ⿴ǣһɫ䣬ӿҪƴһ
ˣЦһǰ水˹ȥȻ棬Ǳٶȴ졣˲ͲסˣӦĻᶼûУͱʶϡ
㿴¶ɫʱЩԼ˵Ǿ仰ˣҪǿ
棬֮ͱɱ걻˳ҪյϽ˵壬Щңдá
ͷְ궪㣬Ц˵һʦˡǺǣ꣬ȷʵ˵дá
װϴһ㣬漴˵Ҫ죬ôʹﵽܴԲѪͳԭΪ㻹Ҫܴﵽľ硣
ЦصϽõһƷټԴһٴﵽܴԲ
ϵͷô̵ʱﵽ־磬ҲءϾ㲻ǽܱ˾硣ʹвͬⶼһһӡ߳ġٶȣЩֱӽܾ˶١
˵⣬϶˶٣˵Ҳ˴УӵĴУɾͲ͡ǶԵġֻһֵͳȻԼȻЧ̫󡣵ǽȫܵͳ֮󣬸ȡȻ޷ͻƵͳľ硣ǣϣҲǿ֡
Цһ漴ͷ˵ǰԭǴߺһ·ġǣݱȲ㡣·½ﵽ涼һߵľ磬ĪˡԣȻ濴ҲͲˣĵͳֻ֮ﵽ֮ҾԼԼܶ壬ȥȫС
ϵͷи˵컯ǺӵݻǲġûʲôĶˡܵͳ˵δһ¡룬ҲǰµĴڡҪܴﵽӵʵκһȥá
ЦЦ˵ҵһ죡
ЦЦ˵㣬ԴȥһЩҪ㡣
ϽԴ϶ˣŽӹϣȻؾӪˡ
Ŀ뿪ץס㣬˺ѿռ䣬ڿռд󣬶̶ʱ䣬͵һʤأһʤҪŨһЩɽ֮ϣһۿȥﳣ࣬ʮһȼʤء
棬Щӡ
ˣĴһ£ŲǺϺǸŮ˵Լ֮ذɡ룬úпܡҪȻôϵ۾
ȻŨһЩں˵ʲôǣǺϵԼ֮ؾͲ˵ˡ
뵽⣬ͺٺٵЦ֪ǸŮúߵ
Цʲô
Ц𣿡ϽԼЦֹסһĿźϣ쿴˿˵ҹ󣡷һԿŮҹһʤء
СӣϺݺݵԴһµұ͡ʱաҪװҲҪģһЩ
͸쿴ҹ˵űֳҵľ˸ߡ
ϵ׼ٴϽ˵𣡱Ҳ˵ˣٺ١
ϺݺݵĵһۣŶ˵ʵﵽԲֻ֮һܴﵽ档ﵽ֮󣬲½һ֮ڹҲһ봫棬ضҪľ֮Ҫģ
ô˵۾һʲô취ң
֮û˭ܰ㣬ҪٳԼĵǾҪԼĸǲͬҪ봫棬򵥵ĺܡΪŵͳԴСԴﵽ˵ͻƴܻҪɡǶ˵Ѷȴ󡣲ֻǴҪǣĸ̫ࡣҪ߳ԼĵҪͻԼļʵԽǿԽ˵⣬һڵǺôҲԣﵽ棬Ҫǿ̫ࡣͬȼˣһ֮ڣ֮ɱǡ
ϵĻҲüͷҲоˣԼ٣Ȼ񣬵ǴӰӶûԼҪͻƵ棬֪Ҫ¡
ʱܶ˵ǣûʱȴҪǵȸͻƣԼͱԶԶˡر˵ҪͻƴˡǱѹ
ͻƼѰ̾һ츳ٺãһҲҪɡ
Ļ˵Ҳûа취
һ仰۾͵һа취
˵ͼһ̺ռ䡣ӸտʼҾˡʱռѾż˰ɣ
ͷȻ顣Ƭ̻̫⡣
ϵͷ˵ǰǶԵģΪʱռ䣬Ͳһֶܳ׵Ļռ䣬ֳƺΪС硣
Ǻ˵رԴ˵
ϵͷⶫõⶫռתС硣㲽봫棬ͻɵࡣ


816 
ΪΣźϣȻ֪ռתС˵Ŵôȴ֪Լ봫ʲôã
磬ӵз֮ͨӵоŵǬҲʩչӦܸоһʲôɡ˵
ڿռ֮ƿҼΪ졣ٽһȴѣرǴĻǿҲκβǡǶõ֮ȫƿ򡣡˵⣬˶˵ʱ˵Ǻܴ󡣶ԿµߣȫöɱǡϵǿߣҲ޷κǡ
ϵͷ˵ҲֶͨͨΣ˵ʱδʩչȴû⡣ģҲֻеһ־衣ͨչ֣𶯣ﳼŴ򡣾ľŵǬ˵߾ܴﵽһһĿ̶ֲȡһֺεȿֲԵľ磬Ӧĵ
ĬһһңԶﵽ־磬Ҫ˵飬ҲΪ
Ͻ֪ͣϺ˵Щ;һ֪⡣ʹʲôɣ
ֻ֮ǿߵ𲽡ǿߣӵԼķ֮ġ棬ȷʵĸҪ֮ͱضҪӴȡ֮һˣӵԼķ򣬾ϿǿߣܵĤݡΪĳƺȻĳƺЩʵҲ֤ǿ˵⣬˶˵ǵ۾漶Ǹ嶥ս
ɱ壡ȻڹвǿǱϾһ壡Ǵ̷꣬ĴڣŲܳΪж٣һǿһ۾ģͿ۾ǿ˵ҲЩѪʵﵽ۾ⲻԼķʹ֮ʥѪıȥġԣʱе۾ʵȴԱ۾ҺõǣɽԼķ֮ƿҲ죬Ȼǿһߣ㶯ͨ£ɱ˵ģҪǻһԼ֮ʮĵ۾һս㶨Ȼ䡣ʹͨȲ㡣
źϵĻҲһ£ٺٵЦվǻˡ
Ͽһ˵˵ЩǸ㣬Ҫ۳С磬ռ֮УͻСķ򡣷ǿ֪ÿһַһִռཻôãҪȻиִӿʱ޷ƿط򣬵ȴܽռΪС磬ӿʱ򣬸ܴ仯츳֮ҵʺԼĴ߳Լĵ·ǲܡ
ϵ˼ǣռתС磬ܽеĴ֮ԼĵӶ봫棿ʵ
ϵͷһݾҪԼ֪²߳ȥСİѶҪ½ࡣرǣСγɵʱ򣬻Ԫ֮ͻƵʱҲܽеҪҺʵĵطһõ顣
ô˵Ҳһð취ֻǣҪռתС磬ֺ֮ѡϾ漰һرԴ
رԴǿ֮ĵһıԴеһжɵġѼÿγ֣ǿᣬﻹҪ󼸷֡㵽ȥң
ϣ취Ǻð취ԪҵѰĵЦֲǲ֪ѰͨҪҪһѣ
Ͽһ˵رԴȷʵв١
У۾һֱֱĶźϣҪеĻԼ봫߳˵һˡ
Ͽ˵˵꣡Ҫ˵رԴռ˲٣ҲΪⶫõܶ˼ңҪɱҶȡرԴ
ô˵ʱŲõԤУǺϵ˼Ǳ˶ˣ
ϵһ˵˵꣡
ڨڨЦûв죡
㵽ܶ˴⣬رԴǵԣ֮ǰҾͰеرԴӡһһǧӡͨŤתǬµľ֮ءǰرԴ׵Ĳ֤ᱻ˷֡˵⻰ʱȻ˼˼ҲصЩ֮ٴγڴ½ͱǿߣ¾ȡʥپǿΧҺãʱƵɱңµĺСסԼ꣬ҲΪ⣬ֻ۵ķָ
лȻѹֺȴֻһˡֻⱦֻıŲۣӹһ١
֮أʵ
֮ɱңǾصѰرԴǣҲµľ֮أôҵ˵⻰ʱ򣬱¶š
źˣҲ󵽵һսǶôңε¡˵Щǿߣʥ˺ȻĴڡ
ʥ۳ɴϾǿߣᱬε޷󣬷֪ֻҪбһССľ׵ɱ
ȻرԴûбԷҵǺ˵Щ˼ǣʵ
ɨһ۵ҸˣҲһǧӡŤתǬҪУһ顣ԼУҲҪѲʱ䡣
˵⣬̾һҲҺûȫںϵԵʣҪȻܰȡǣʱ״̬궼ܰȡ
ô˵͡ʱ˵̫ˣҪǵͻƴ棬Լء
˵ЩǷϻ𣿡Цź˵Ǹϣɱˡ
仰ϵһۣԭģȻСӾûϣǾˡ
𣡡ϲźϺٺЦϣϼ
Ž˵Ϊ˸ԼºУһλְ˷ǷǵõĽָ
ƶ㵣һѣ㻹õһλ֡ӦвƷɡϵݣҪƶһڣ֪˸
㶮ʲôϵŭ㵱ⷨǼ򵥵ķɡȻڷϣȴһõĹܡǾǱһۿ˭Ҳ̲סǷΪܲꡣһԸȥ񡣡
һöָȡ´һûʲôһ۾ͿǷǴʱٿȴͬһС֪ͭǷġ
֪˰ɣЩεǿκһ˿ӹǵ۾ҪͨķͷˡⷨͬΪƵģԼʹǵΧǿߣҲߣǿɨҲֻᵱһѡ˵⣬Щ⣬Һõ׼ҪȻˡ
ϸȻȻ˳źϵĻƨȴͣ˵ô࣬Ըص



817 
ƺʲôϿ˵㲻ҪòͷҺ˵Ķõģһöָ飬ǺرԴйء
˵⣬϶˶٣һλʦ֣ٱ𡣶овرԴ
ϵ˼ܴ֣۾һ
Ͽһ˵֣㵹ǺôĿ㸸ףҲҶ˵
ôǿֹ漴˵Ǻϵ˼ǣ
ҵĽָǰȥҪһЩرԴ϶˵ռ䲢ҪرԴ̫࣬ԷֻҪ㣬ǿ϶ݱһС硣
𣿡üرԴ󣬶ԷԸóһˣ
Ҳ֪ᣬᣡϵ˵ҵӵȥͿϲϹˡҪǲҲǿ󣬵ʱٰ취
ϵĻúϺͶԷ֮϶ŲͬѰĹϵ
Сףͷ˵λǰסѰ
Ͻڻ÷龳Уһ壬壡УʵʱӦûţϵ˵ǵ˵Ļе͵£Īǿ󡣻÷Ǿŷһ֧ʵȻϽΪĹ֮һǣҾŷ崫ʥͼڷѪʥ彻ǳ껪屻Χʱ㻪塣ֻ̫ǿҲʲô
仰㲻𵱳ھŽʱҲоŷǿǰȥ񽣡ңʱƣŷʥŮΪ˵ʱǸЩϤһֱ벻˭
˦˦ͷջź˵ǺҵĹϵΣ
ôûϻشֻǲӶѣĽȴûУҲҪָܰʲôҲõǶ֡Ȼǰ㲻Ҫ˼ҵ¡
ڨڨЦҲ̫˰ɣҾٲҲڹ֮Űɣ
ɨһۣſҪ˵ʲôȴûгڡ
ϣȻԷˣΪʲô㲻ֱȥأϳ棬ԷͲܾˡ˵
ҡҡͷУŸԭܺ͹ߵ̫оǣԸǰŷ塣
ϵλ֪ǾŷİɣǰǣҲ֪ǰ÷龳
һﲻԶʱԼǰ
ں˵֪ƺϺһǰǲˣֻܴͷ
ҾȥԿϵӹã

ͺϲûмǰ÷龳ѵϣȻԼⶼʺϡҲֽͣĵط˲éٿʵҲż
һܵʱ䣬϶ڸѧ֪ʶȻصĻָͻƴĸעһܵʱ䣬ǳ
һܳȥϵĽ̵ҲӦʱʵһܵʱ䣬ԼʵƿصļΪԪƵ¯ࡣ
ϼˣ츳Ҳ̾˼ڣҲ겻ʱ䣬ʱȴܶˡҪǣ̱ҪǿĶࡣңÿﵽһ磬ܼƿһ
Ա˵ƿظսҪٵʱ䡣ȴڶ̶̼ȫաȻ˵ԪЧ츳Ҳ˵һС
С߳һڲͬĵ·ֹ
֮ܵͱĿֲͻȻ֪ͻƵ棬ļֲεȵزƽĶٱ
뵽㣬Ҳûйͣڿռд֮һɽ֮УɽȻ棬еȴ㼫ΪԾ
дﵽ޲߹ʮֻ߰
͵˵ǰʮһʯһʯŷˣ˷֮䣬һӰų֡
˵⣬ϴӽָȡһƣϵŷˣĸ˼£ݸ˵ƽȥŷ˲Ϊ㡣
Ҳ֪ĹɭϣȥͽȥģźϸĶٲ鷳
ӺϽӹеƣķˣ˵ʲôȴӰʧʵС
ô죬̲סֹһ䡣ǲȴֻǰȥ
ǰʱʱĳޣȻ޼ƽϣɢһϢЩ޶ʶȤԶ㣬һ·裬ߵ˺˵ʯǰ
ʯӨͬǧɴСʯϣһֻ߲ʷ趯߲ʷ˺ǰķ˻һģһӦʯǰȻһС
ڷϣһɹɵĹâ롣һ㶣δӦѪȻĿʼ֮䣬תѪ֮ûʩչ£ȻһѹơȴôѹƲס
ͷӰϵһͷ˵߲ѤâһֽڣǸоͷӰںһƵġ
ˣҪǣ뵽֮С
ô㾪ȣͷĽɲϵĺͷ˲һ
䣬Ҳ˻÷ˣǴмʯ֮⣬һĻԶһۣرǿͷӡǣǴͣҵˣ
ӡǣǲİΪҵˣӡǡ
ֻô£Ǵûгֵ˵ԾȻͶԷ⽻һʲô
ҪǰǷ˵ԽԽǿоѪ֮ĵԽԽ߲ʹβϵĽ£оԼѪ֮Ҫƾ뵽ڡ
رͷצǹâ䡣

һķͷצâ䣬ѹ̫Ĺԣ֮Сֹâ˴ʱҲҪ֮Ѿʯ
찡Ҫʯˣ
ǣΪҪʱĽͻȻˣ֮壬ҲٴλصʯС
һĻʧѣܵԼͷӡʧѪҲָƽЩӦˡ
һʲô
ͻȻ뵽ոշҪɳϵģͻȻ뵽ͷצ
ǲǺͻѪйأԽԽпܣոշЩɳΪצɢĽ⣬ҷɳ֮ǲ˵ԼצȫԷͷɳˡ
뵽㣬㶵עǰķˡѵ˵˲ֻǵ̳ģʵڵģܸܵʥѪͻȻԼķӡ⿪צ汬ǲܳǰ
ҡҡͷԺеųȥʱȻҪ汻ϳǻ壬Ǿֻ·һ
ŷ˿һĻһҲɻ󲻽⣬ǳû㵱λצҲû


818 ÷
ӡʧ֮󣬰ʯϵķҲָϵ趯ʯϣĻûһšų֣ҪԽȥȴ˵ס
㿴ŵǰľŷˣϸӳУʱһӰ֡
ûķˣԭ͵ֹסŲŵĿеƣһΡΡڵأĶĤݡ
ԷľŶԷ˹Ҳ΢΢һ㶡Ȼ֪ʲôȴҲ²ĳھŷͬСɡ˵ʵĳﵽ˴ܶ壬һܴﵽ
ǣȴһĤݡʲô
Ϻ;ŷ嵽ʲôϵ²ֻԷһô򵥡ѵǺϵĺ֪Ǿŷģз̵ƣв²⡣
ҿԽȥ𣿡㿴ܵ˵
㣡˹˵ȻҵΪʲôӵơƵ壬һ仰ѯʡ
Ҳûж˵ʲôӰʯſԽȥûʯ֮У
뿪ڵϵվһۣ˶Էеľȱ˵Էʯӡ쳣͵ӵ˲ŵġ
δˣʱ֮һ־ȻһСʲô壿
Ȼ֪ƻŷ˶𺳣㲽˻÷龳Уͷ·һɾдů򻨴ľУ޷裬ŵռĵζ
շ߲ޣҲϲʲô֡㿴һɾĵط΢紵Ʈɽͻ𣬹ڡ
С磬ɾˡĹɣɽ治ʲôи̾ѹֺ˵ԼֲáԼС磬ܿԷĵˡ
ҪǰѰ˵һλʦǾ׼ʱʹסˡϲûиԼСĸλãԼôң
ģôôҪˣоͷޱȣ֪ԷѰ
벻ð취ֻСĿĵĵߡаοǣڲͼ̣Ŵׯϲˣ뵽취ʳΪƷȻӦܺҳ
ׯУһһׯˣдﶼ֮զ಻ѣ֮УҪ֮֮ѣһ죬ܳΪһСǳǣУȴŴ֮ͨ
ȫϢûɢһ˿һͨһдҲû̫һ飬ԿһۣͰĿתƿһʼæµ
ׯ֮УҵߣѯһԼĿ֮󡣿Щȴʾ֪
Ϣ㶣ϾͷӦׯǿҲԲܽӴҲǿУҲõһ𰸣ǾҪҵ˴ŵķΪУǱߡ
Ҫȥһߣһ߸ϽˣһȥãޣѾ˲ˡ
ޣ㵣ʲôޣ
֪ö˶޸ҧˡңɢҺܶ˶жˡ˵Ѿȥ÷̨ǿ߽ոˡ˵Ŵּʯѽɽӵд顣
飿ЦϾͷӦЩͨĴУܾˡ
Ц£ȥʲô
˵꣬ҲԷشӰһӰʧǵʵС⼸߿˿ٶȣһ˶Էеľ
ܿ죬ڵϣ÷̨ˣԸˡ
ЩͷߵĵطͷȻ֪Ӱٶȿ쵽¡ʱңμٴͻƵĲΣֻһ㱡ĤôҲͻƲˡ
ҲңҪһΣһҪﵽſԡ
ңδʱѾһĸоҪٽһΣͲ֪Ǻεȷ١ôһ룬ڲ봫뷨͸ǿˡ
ΪңΣҪ֪߾磬Ǻεٶȣ
ӰڲûйãͷŲΧһͷޡͷͬ棬ȴȫɢŶζɾĴڣǴɷ羰ġ
һһֻ޵ϢڴԪ
Χ޵ߣ඼ǰ֮ϣڶ࣬ɽڽڰˡҪǶԷ󷨺з𵽲СЧͱɱˡ
ԱһҪɱҪȻŰþͨˣһܻɢĶ֮Ŷɡм֮Ѿ֪ͨ÷̨ĴǿˣǻϹġټһ
ԷĻ֪һܣȷʵ³һɼΪ͸ʴĶҺһˡǰҲҪ
ʲôޣôɢǿҵĶҺɻ

㻹δϸϸĴ̽һֻʲôƷ֣޾ͱſ֮䣬˶ȥ˵ķʱֱʴͷʣ¡
һĻ뵽˻ʬۣʬ۾Ч뵽ڲԭǸСŮˡԼ˫۾еĻʬۡ
˼δɢٴαһҽдϣ㶨ۿȥһ֮Ҳʴĸɸɾ
֪Լٲ֣ò˶þܰЩ˶ɱˡ
޲ûʶ٣ҫצ˺ѿռ䣬λ˹ȥЩ߼һңдźȻ֮ɫ۾ȴĽ١
ǣצûа˺ѣǶ޵ĲҽС
໡
۾ǰ𺳵һĻǰ޾Ȼһ굥ѹסһѹϣѲˡ
˴ĿһĻֱֱĶǰΰ塣ǣ˿ȴɽһ㡣һΪ֮ʧ
ЦЦ˻δӦָ㶯һͷ޶ȥ
ǣ˵ĴУͷ޾ͱԷɱԭҫײޱȵޣֱֱĵǰڷ
͡
һڰգǵǰ
Щ˸Ͻ˺һһ㣬ֵĿ㡣

ԷˣڣԼǰǵģõôԼ
˷ӦɫѺãϽǰ˵лǰҵȡ
㷭˷ۣ˵ʮ꣬۵꣬ǰ
ǣŶԷ˹վǴ˺۵ͷ
𻰣һȺеļߣ͵Ĳҽ

һҽУһߵأڵϷʹҽ֮䣬һɹɺѪӿ


819 ̨
ãе޵Ķ֮жˣɫ䣬ȥҽʦ
ҽʦѾ޸ɱˣһ߻شĿ⿴ŵϲϷߣоŲѡ
ģǰǰȺҿ˵
ĻЩ˸Ͻ˿һĿƵĶ㣬дżڴҲüͷǿʵǿϾǿֲĶأʵġ
עУ㶯۳һģĻ׭û뵽ЩϰеУԭҽ˲ͼ˲٣ڵϷҲȶ
ҽʿ˶һۣ˶Էþȡո۵ķ׭Ȼһҽʿʩչģô˵ǰһʵǿҽʿ
ԭеĻɣʱʧһɶһĿƵĿ㣬ڴԼͬ
̽һЩϵĶأһⶾȻײУȴǲ
Щҩ𣿡ߵߣһҩ
УУЩ߸ϽЩ챻ͷŰҵҩԱʱ֮裬Ժܿȡ˲ٶѻǰ
Ҳûж˵ȡ˫ҩĶУڷɣҩУеҩĶ
ٶ
һЩߴĿ㣬д𾪣ٶһĿػ֮յģһǴʦҩʦ
ѵǰ꣬ҩʦʵֲǿߣ̫˼˰ɣ˵פԲһģ
в²⣬ȴұֳʲôЦһɱ޵ĴڣǸ˵
ƵҩٶȺܿ죬ܿƳɢܰ㾧Ө͸ĵҩҩ¯һɨ͵ЩУιȳһţһٳһţҪǻ඾ǾͳԵţ
Щ˸ϽԼжͬιʳЩҩιʳЩҩ֮Щж߲ϵĿһɹɵĺѪϵ˳ɫҰ׵ѿ
Գ˺ܾãһֱԷҲ²ȳѪҺԲֹͣԭϢߣϢҲĻů
ˣԺٳһûдˡЩ˵
лǰЩ˸Ͻ˵һǿڵ֪ǰٰܷһæ
˵㵹ûоܾΪģΪŷվڻⷽӪ㶼ûɲǡ
ͷ޲֪Ǵģһ·岻ˡܶ˶о綾ǰæⶾ֮ΡΡĿ㣬㲻ӦϾǿУЩ˺ûʲô𡣶Էȥ
öԷǣȻҲûʹ·ɡ
ǰȥȰԷҲû뵽Ӧôˬ죬һ˵
ô㲻ϣҰǽⶾ
ǲǣǿڱҲޱȣǴʱȴżѣ֣żޱȣǰˣ͸·

޶ͨ˵ȷʵǴɢĶҺ˲ˡҪеҪҽôҲΪѡǣһ·ȥʹʵоʮֳʱ䣬Űеж˶ⶾˡ
߰æļ߼״Ȼƾһ֮ж˶κˣһ𺳡ԭΪǿܾһͲˡ
ȴû뵽ڶԷ£Ȼûһġ
һ漣имѣٱε˹ǰͷл
ڰЩ˽ⶾ֮Ȼż֮ǿ߹λʦڡΪ죬ڹҲһӦܴǿʳһЩ
Ԥϵ⼸ڴһϢǰ˵λû˵ڻ÷̨һλߣλһˮƽ뻯֪ǲǰҪҵˣ
÷̨ɻʵ
ԣ÷̨ǻ÷ĺģҲСĺģĴܶڻ÷̨С˵⣬ǿ˵ǰ˵˵Ļʮ֮˾÷̨С
βܼλߣʵ
Ǻǣǰʵ÷̨Ҳ֮ǿ߹˵
ЦܲҴ÷̨ɣô֪ʵҪ汬ǻ÷̨ǿ߻Ϊơһֱնɱң޴ԩˡ
㵹ûǺϸķǴڴܶıǷͬѰԣĵײԸ⶯áһָо̫֪һ¡
ǰ˵ҲҪ˵Ļǰֻһ취ˡǰãߴѰƵҩĸǰһǰʩչٶĿػƵҩˮƽӦòͰɡǰԱҪܱߴѡеĻȻܼߴˡ
ԷĻ۾һôһ飿
ԣߴƵʮͼѣҪ˰ǰȥԣǿ߹˵
ͷһԷ֮ҲûͣŶԷϵķȥ
뿪ǿ߶һۣⲻ֪һðĸ֣֮ޡҪǣҽʿҩ͡
ǰв˽ǻ÷龳ֵһһ
ǺǣЩҲòǵģȻŻ÷̨ߴͷۡԷľٶӦöǻ÷Ѻáһߣ᲻֪ƣİǵ˽ⶾ
˵ͷ仰

ŶԷ˵·ۣǾ˻ǻ˲ٵʱŵĿĵءСʮ𺳣ŷһ磬ҪŷģֻǺεȵĿֲ
㿴ǰǰһ̨̨ȴһǳأǳգȪ٣ɽΧǳ֮УʣһɼҾ
㿴һĳǳأоҲ쳣İ
һԵĺõط̾һĸоŨ͸СԼãǶЩûдﵽܵȴдáĵطһǧﲻڻ£ﵽ֮ûʲô
ϴˢУﵽ飬ǾǷİˡ
Ųӽ÷̨УǷµȪٲСС
Сſڣһ磬һ½ܵס֮ߡ
ȻĽȴã׵ľ̤ȥСУоеŨҪԪҲҪŨʮˬĸо
ѹֹųˡ˵ӵеԴ͵ƾһʥأװԶԶ󡣡
̾һǳûбĳǳص֣ǳеˣ쳣񾲡ڳǳصĴϣҲûпˡֵˣһȥ
һĻҲûж룬Ⱥߵķȥܿ죬͵˳ǳصһͱĵطͬȴɽ˺쳣֣ǰһ̨̨ճˣŴ̨


820 ھΣ
˴ߴ˷Բҩ֣ЩҩֶϹˡ
ǰǴֱʰ˵ҪһƷҪҩʦĸ
ƷߴҪʲôѵҪ̤һɣ
ƾƷ֮ѣߴ𣿾µʱ򹦿һʧء
ӦòڰɣߴǺε뻯ûƹһӦûܳɹ
ǿδأǰƵĵҲƷѡƵľƷһƷһ찡ÿһƷʮǧƷߴ˵߲ѡǣҪƾƷͿˡ
ߴ˼ȻҳƣӦмְհɡ

˵ĻĿҲ̨֮ϣ̨ˣÿ˶¯߶Ÿҩġ
ʲô𣿡˶ں¯ߵһߣԷļƣڱԡ
ʵɻĿһۣվǸͣߴȻҪ˰æǲÿһ˶ܰﵽæġˣߴ˴ѡʮ˰һƾƷ
˵⣬Է˶ٿһ˵㲻Ǳ˰ɣȻʱӦò֪鰡
ıȽϸڶ֪ش
ѹˣϧҪҩʦʤĻܵõߴһݱꡣߴΪʦⱨ궨Ȼʮ󡣡
ڲԱ𣿡ʵ
ֹ˰ͽֹˣɻĿ˵ûпԷ׼ֻſʼˡ
ԷĻ΢΢üͷһΣҪԷ˵ߴ˾͸ˡ룬ӰƮڸ̨ϡ
ĶʱʿĿ⿴һʱΪ㡣
ִ˴αԵһҲüѣߵǰ˵ӣҩصأ뿪
ŶԷЦҪǲμαأ
ңѾ׼¯ˡüҪǿᣬ׼ֱӶְȥ
ѵڱ𣿡ʵ
Ѿ˱ʱˣ빫뿪ɡЩͷˡ
βҲμӣһŶԷ˵ҪѾˣǰһ¡
˻û˵㲻Զ˼ҩʦͲͷŵߣҪСˣ׼ʼɡʦڵء
԰һСëϻ˵ʲôֱӰȥˡ
ͷϽʼɣǶ׼ˣ
ԷĻЦЦ˵ˣҪǲҳ֣Ǿɡ
ǰһᣡûзЦеĿŶԷ
ǺǣȻӲԸȥǾͱˡ˵꣬һɨ磬ץ˹ȥҪȥ
ǣԭΪץסԷһȻԷ׵Ӵܵˡٶȿۻңԭܶ׼Ц۾һʹλҲȲѣһԵ˵Ȥû뵽Ҳһλ֣
˺ܾȣȻŴﵽ治áǱϾǴ棬һץȻԷױܿҸոյٶȿ̲סԾҲǿ첻˶١
ǰܸһ𣿡㿴ŶԷЦ
˵ûм֣ǿ𾴵ģתͷҩʦЦҵûʲôǣԸԸ⡣Ͼ;ƻ򣬶ǲƽ
˵Ļո˵꣬ոս׵˵ǲӦ
㿴һˣЦ㲻˰ɣ
ЦҩʦǺϷҩô꣬ڴ½ҲᱻһСëţ
ȻᣬǾҲμΣ㶢ŶԷ˵
СӣϷʹüϷȻ㣬ҲԸΪ˷ʱ䣬֪ҪҩҩҪ𣿡
㵣ģҩҩԼṩΣ㿴ŶԷ˵
оǲУ˾Ҫѭ򣬴ûˡ
˵˵ȥˡĵ˵ڴ½պҲˡ
㡭Էŭˣ˵ʲôȴԷһ߿Цݵ㲻ܷȷʵƻ˹ɣ
Է˵ĿҲԣЦ˵ǰ˵ǣȻʲô֮ķǿڻ÷ϣͬ⡣
ҲգȻҪμӣԵˡȻҪҪʵɡҪȻһЦԷ߶˵
ǰ˼ǣŶԷ˵
ҪսƻǿΪ磬ֻƾʵʵҪǰס޷˵ҪȻӾǿͷǸΣ
ԷĻֱֱĿŶԷҹعĸӲˣգͽսΣֻǰףھҪˡ
ŵĻһƬȻһ͵Ŀ㣬дŲ֮ɫ̫ˡĻȻҲ˵
Ҫٸҩжùھ֮ѡ
ôĿҩʦŭֱֱĶ㣬μӣߣҪǶ᲻˹ھÿһ˿ͷ䡣ҪǶ˹ھϷΪʦ
μӣǵҪڵһֻ˵󻰣б¡
Ϸ˴һҪŰˡ

ȻĻЩҩʦͬ飬һŭĿӡ
ڶԷŭӣҲû⣬еһżõĺáЩαŭԲμˡ
ǣܿ˼ԭ˶ʹûþṩҩ㻰û˵ãһͳԼҩһҪвƷ
ȻЩԭ׼ֻҪΧͿˡڱһ׼Լĵƣǿĵҩ
һĻ濴Ҳһ漴һ˷ЩҩʦͬԸ㣬һóֺϷ˵սҪҵĶࡣ
ããСӽֽĺð
ٺ٣һ϶뿴ϷȥŭЩ˵ġ
еֻҲ̫˰ɡԷ̾һʱҪÿһҩʦͷŶ
㶮ƨΪ˿Ϸļͷʲô
ӲûûڵĻ쵰˵
˵ʲô˭أ

Ϊ˵Լз̨ϵȴΪĿԼҩϡ
ȻҲó˫Ҫ˵ȡùھԶԼҩҲ˽ⲻֻ࣬ǶԻҩäĿݡԼõһǴУҲһЩ֣Щ˵ҩʮֲֿػ졣
ȡùھ»ҪŬһѡ
˫ڸ̨֮ϣⶦһ֣˾̲ס۾һĿż־죬ԭΪҩʦҲԲǿǣ˫ѿƣҪܿⶦĻ˵ػ
ѵ˵һҩǿֲɣ˾ȵĿ㣬ȴȡһҩġ


821 ҩ
˿˫ҲޱȣҩȻֻǾƷҩЧϣ˿
ö˷ڹϣǿϧˡҩʦи̾
˿˶׼ˣſڶ˵Ҷ׼õĻͿʼɡ
˵Ļ£ڸ̨֮ϣһشصĻڷɶ𣬻ΪΪͻΪޣŰһ˶ܵ¶Ȳϵ
˸ܵȣ˼һŸ̨Ļ棬оʮ𺳡
һҩɽȥ֮䣬ҩϢɢŵĿ
˵ĿЩڶ仯ĪĻһ֮䣬ɹҩǵĿҲƶǼԭϡ
Щ˵ӹ֡м˵ĿػΪ죬һߣ֮䣬ȻһΣЩοԽڻϣϵƮҩġ
ɹػ
˿һֿػ̲סڡɹػǵ崫ģڣѾĲˡǣǰ߾Ȼ۳ɡȻȫ׵İɹػҲ֤Էǿˡ
˴Ŀת䣬еҩۺһ
ѹԷ˵ҪȡùھʱŭˡӵĿػҩַҪǵòھǴˡ
ɹػϹʱҲǻ弫ΪһֿػºͶԵĿػƵҩӳɹϡ
ţΣˣͷǲɱˡ
Ǻǣûʲôֵģ㿴ҩʦȻûаɹĿػҲ൱ġ㿴۶гⶼǲĿػ
ǰû뵽һԣôδҩ֡ҪƷˡ
ƷʣһĬƷѾ֮ˣﵽƷǴ߶Ϊ֮Ķĵҩƽһѵü
ҪǴʱܳĵҩһľͲˡ
һĿƵĶ̨ϣƣ˸оֵǣӵ˫ȴ˿ƸҩģĻҲأֻһ濾ҩ
ǺǣҾ˵˰ɡСӾǹ⼤ŭԷġ㿴ӣ֪ûٱ¡
ϧˣ˫ĺöУﰡ
һȴˣ֪ƳһƷҩ

˵ûӰ㣬ǲŵҩ˿ˣҲʮֲ⡣ûһ㱾£Ͼո־Ͳʵǿô˿ͷ
ǼȻҴӦԷмֱµģ
ֻⲻ²ȵպ濾Щҩʲôȥ춼ƲһֵҩöԷܲ˵ǣԷΡ
ٸҩʦ˭Լĵҩûһ˿һķġǣȴҼƵġ
ˣСʵҩӦò̫ǿ̾һ
ߣڲϵı治ڷɶӵһſҩģǻҩںϡ
䣬˺Ȼǣɡ
ǰһ滭չʮǵ򣬺ܶ˾ܸоȣ᲻˺һ
ڸҩʦǿĿػ£ȴԵ΢˰㵱һЦԶ
ҩʦƵҩ£ҩζ鲼ռ䣬̲סǣɹҩζȴ̲ס̾һǿҩʦǲҩɢȥġ
һϿвҩʦϸ
ȻҪһ˿ҩɢҲǼѵġ룬һεĶѡʩչɹػһλ֣Ҳ΢ҩɢ
ȵǣǸڳԵȻڲ²ĺ濾ҩģȴûһҩɢ
ף˺⣬ǿã̾һĵһҩģС
ȻҲˣĿⶼûмϣĿתƵɹػϣʱߵҩѾϯĲˣʱڻŸҩ·һ㣬𻯳ɡ
˺һ
һҩûɺ͵ıһһȣϵıһ֮䣬ڳ̵Ļ棬һƬռ䡣
һƬռ仯һƬ޴Ļ𺣣ȴڻп˹һ㡣
ԭǰɹ
˿һĻлȻΪʲôػɹǹĲˮǻ𺣡
ɲϵĿԽеҩһգÿοԽ֮䣬ɾͳɳһЩͬʱҲһЩںϵơ
ɹػ𷨹鴫и̾ǴʱˣɺΪһ塣ôⵤҩʹˡ
Ȼֹǳ־õģɿԽ𺣵ٶȼ
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ڣգһ֮䣬Ļ汩ߵҩȫУ֮䣬ҩĲû˶·ղƵġ
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˵꣬ڿնƱ˶ŹֵĿ㡣


824 Ԫ
ڿն˶㣬滹һδء
Ӱ趯ܷƱãɻѣⶼѾɵˣѵܸıʲôɣ
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˵עУͻȻһŭУԪԪХһ㣬֮ȫܡ
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ҵǣԼɹˣѵҩһΡ
Ӣ۰ˣֲǰĵҩ̲ס̾һԼôã˴ȴһС
㿴һ۴ֲӣ㿴͸ԷϢʮֹ˼ɴˣʵ͸ԷʵҲǴ档һ棬ƳƷҩﶼ𾴵
ǰҲţҩӦòǰ۷ɡ۾ŴֲӣǰҪǲǿٴαһΡ
ֲӹЦǵûбҪҲֻҪһͿˣո֮Իѹһѹѹ硣ˮƽҲбǮ
ŶԷĻ۾һȻһʵ
ǺǣǰȻҪһȴ֮ˡЦҲ˵ĵϸȻԷԸٷָʤҲ
Ŀ⿴ҩʦЩҩʦĵͷոһҪɷǿԷڿ¯֮һҩƷһĵ۷ˡ
뵽ոԼֻҪõھԼЩ˾ĵӡЩ˾;̵ҪݶԷΪʦǻʲôˡ
㿴һǣ漴ŸЦɣҹμ˰ɣ
˼㲢ûЩ˽ʦ£ҲһҪȻⳡҲʰ
ǺǣҩȻ޷˵˴ƳƷҩҩʦΧˡ˶ҩʦ˵Ȼʦ𽻴߰˸ǱȱĵľûҼ
ҪǣƷҩҩʦֲĲˡ
Ȼҩʦһ÷龳Ҳίǡ׼ǣҪλ뿪ʱ򣬿ȥȡһݡ
һ仰̭ҩʦҲ¶Ц
˰дҩʦ󣬾Ͷһ˵λɣҴȥϢٴλȥʦ𣡡
ȻֱһѵҩȡƿСĵװá
˺ԼֲӲǰ棬еĵҩ˵ⵤҩԪ⣬ѵ˵ⵤҩԪ⣬ﵽܲɣ
Цôõ飬ܺѴﵽһŵҩܰģԪⲻˣҲҪԼҹܴﵽܡ
ǺǣǲֻҪԪ⣬ƾŶԪպ͸ûƿ֮վܴﵽܵġŵҩҲԪ⣬ҲЧ
ҡҡͷһŵҩﵽܲǲԣƳƷ켶ҩǣĵҩһƲҵŵҩȻԪ⣬Ԫʮֿ񱩣δܵڣʮ֮˾Ż屬ѡŵҩ󣬵ȴֻǴ֮ϵ˷òá
Ļ̾һǿɣΪԪ뵽ҩУȫԪıŰˡ
ԣǴʱһ
㵹ڴôһ죬ԺԴǿߡֻҪԪ岻ʮʱпܴﵽܵġ
͸̸ЦֲʱҲͻȻ˵ӵԪ֪֮ѧԺδȥϹŹ廹пĻطѾʧĪ˵ǹӣ
ֲӵĻЦЦ˵һĵӣ
ҵӺһСҲǰھկɱ¾Ͼ߶С֪Ӻʲôϵ
仰۾û뵽ϢҲôĿݣԼûõ飬ʹ֮ңĵطˡֲú˵Ҫ͵
ǰ
Ĭϵһ仰˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣺㣿
ЩȻΪҩʦǶȴҲİΪ㵱壬Ҫǣͨ˵ǡ
ҪȻֹĻ̸һˡǣͨջȴ˵ǡ
Ǳˣ㿴һˣв۾ðŹâ֪ڴʲô⡣
ڶԷе˼һ䣬Щ˼ɵļ٣ȥߵĴֲӣɱ١
ƺҲӦ㣬ϰԼ̰סȴ𺳲ѡʿͨ
ʱֳһݣҩʦҩҩʦͣÿһְҵﵽֳɾͣ˺ˡ
ֲӶЦҵȹĿ࿴
ͬû뵽ȻҵЦ˵֪ݣҲͲˡ
Ĵ۾һ
һ÷龳˲ٹӣҲͬҩʦʦ𴦱дҪ˵ԼݣҲñԣֱӿ
ЦЦҲشһԼҲܸܵԷӣʱ򿪿ҲһЩ
֪ǰˡ˼䡣
Ǻǣ޷ЦȻǹӣǾȥŸɡдӵĵط
Էô˵ܾ뻹ǵͷǾǰ·ɣ
ȻǹŸҲ뿴лһĵǰ


826 
Ӿˣ˰һ¥¥һ峺ĺˮ¥ߣʮ¡¥Աߣ鲼¥Щ¥ʮධ֮࣬һƪ¥Ⱥ
ڸ¥ǰʱ򣬾͸о¥ʶӶ֪ڶԷĲ̽Ҳû̫⡣ŸЦǾͶлǰˡ
ǺǣϢǰȥʦЦ漴ָˡ
Է뿪ҲûЩǰ̽ϢŽ¥С
ǣ¥ӳʶûΪ¥ʧһʶҲϯ֮УֱԷȥ
䡭䡭
׵ʶϯȥ˲ͰѸ¥Ӷʶķ飬ڰеʶɢ֮һ¥Ӷȥ
λٲϲ˯˹ۿԣλǲҪ飬ô϶ù
˵꣬ҲûˣѸ¥һأ¥֮УʧϢ
Ļûø¥仯ٴλָƽ
ˣҲڸ¥һطȻʱʵҪһֶǧѣ㻹Ǽÿ
һϵʱ䣬жȹڶ峿š
Ŵ򿪣һ˵ӣߴС˴ǰ̨
ˣŶԷǰǸոһȥ͸оŲʶ̽ʶͬǣһεʶơ
ߣλֺαˣҪǿҲˬֱվǡѲɣҲɣ㸺ֶż
йס˴˭ءԭ
һЦӼ¥߳һӰΪ׵һۣϻŸַǣʮҫۡȻȲѤҲһŻ
˭㶢ųڵӣɫȻ
ʶһ£ǹ죡ĵӣ⼸λֱĽҵĽ𻯹ӣŭӣĹӣҲǸٲſǹ쿴˵Ӧ˵ǰɡ
û㿴ŶԷ˵λʲô飿ҪûʲôĻ飬Ͳλˡ
ȻʶЩˣҲ֪⼸ԼûʲôøеġرǺ壬һֱҵĶͷЩ˳ǰʲô£
ֺαżҵҲҪȥҩ̨ġǹ˵ѵһЯֶȥΣ
ǸϲǺԼߵ̫㵭˵
һ仰ǹɫޱȡ仰ǰǺ嵱ǹ춢㣺ӻԵĺãûڳ
ɨһ۶Է˵㵣ģΪֹǻĺúõġǺ壬˵ͷĲˣʬ嶼û¡֪λͷǹ칫ʲôϵڰɣ
ǹĻɫŤѪ屻صɱǺʥɳλ۾ǿǰȥ̽ȴԷصۣҲǰʦɱˡ
۾ʲôʹǺ壬Ҳ˶˺þãȫ˴ڱУĴڣѾǿǿˣκһܳһ塣ȴʧڣǹʵ˼֡
ܳΪ۾һǹ漶ǵڡڱɱˣһóΣǹܵˣ
˵Ҳ⣬ɱǺˣΪǾҪɱǧˣˡ
ЦҪɱǾȥɱ㣬ˣҪҲʦҿԸǺûеȥ
㡭ǹɫǺ죬Ķ㣬ȴ˵Ļ
صжǿ֪ǼһҫǺͷɱ֮󣬾Ȼݻ˵һ䣬ܴиоص۵ơǺ嶼Ҫɱصۣθ˵
Ҫǲң͸ҹûʱ档㶢ǹ˵ҵʱ䣬㻹ȥݼһԼڡ
ɱ˺صۣѵɱ𣿡ǹֱֱĶ㣬Ҿɱ㣬ص۸ҲɱǺȥ
ǹŭˣƱһӿ֮䣬һӿ۴ĪѹȥĪѹ
ǿЦȻ涼ﲻⲻ֪ģûˡǹ춢㡣
ܵ۵ѹɫ˱䡣Ҳû뵽ǹʵﵽ˴棬Ҵӵ۵Ʒ͡
㲻ɿŭĽݹĽ𻯣Ҳ΢ĵ۲ƣ۾һҲﵽ棿
˷֣⼸Ȼڸ֮еλΪ߳硣ϾܴﵽĹӣǺеĺˡÿһûм
Ǻǣǹֲ֪ɷһ档СӶȡĽҵͨҳסΣĽʱҲ߳Ц
ҲҲĽȻ˵ǵСӴҾ壬ҾҲҪץȥŭЦ
˰ΧģЦλǲҪôαҪõͨѡĽ𻯣ͨĽҵģ洫иҵʱ򣬱ӦᴫȥգҾ͸һᣬɱеκһҾͰѾŵǬĽҡΣ
Ľ۾һǼŭǹĿͶϾλ̨ʵ֮ϣɱǡοס㣬ȻȻҪ˵
㶢Ľ𻯴ЦҵҪʲô취ҽ
˵꣬ӰһŵǬʩչĿռУĽһİȥ
䡭
һֲĽ𻯼ɫҲ˱䣬ڵӿӿӭ㡣
䡭
ûһ˿Σĺһ𣬿ֲ𶯶ֲķХϯǲ嵹˳ȥĽҲӰ𶯣֮Զÿһ̤̤һĽӡ
Ȼûдﵽ棬ҲҪǣӡ㶢˵Ҫץ߾ץߵ
˴Ŀ㣬űĽ𻯣һо͵һߣôܱȴˡôܣ
ĽҲĿ㣬зľξˡո㱬ĸܵˣʵȻһЩǣȴҲԸġ
ԼǴ氡Ȼմﵽ治ãϾǴ棬֮£ͬһ㡣ǽȴıˣһܱˡ
ǹŭҲüͷ㣬ո㱬ò˼顣
ááǹͻȻ治ս֮޵˰ɡֻܿϧûֻ֮϶ѡ
ɱɱԡ㶢ŶԷԼȻȲϴ棬Ҫսܶʤ١ǣҲΪ˾˶Էۿǹ˵Ҳһɱ㣬ҾҲԲϻĺúõġ


827 ҩ֮
һܶѣѵ㻹첻ɣҾҪҴ󷨡ǹЦһĶ㣬վǴܣ졣
Ȼǹ챻ŭȻǿǲΪܿ⴫档ȻѵֽţվɱԷ
Ҳ˵ϵƱӿȻ֪ԼǶԷ֡ǣʱʵҲǡ򲻹ԼҪȴǣǲ棬һΧ
ǹʵﵽ𾳣ʵֲȻܲƣһȭֱֱĺơӰһ˹ȥܿռ䶼飬ǹ⣬ܲȥ·ס
Էһ־Ͳ飬һָ䶯Ӱ趯ŵǬʩչռӰ趯£һʼŤռŤ֮䣬ԷĹҲŤһԭס·ıǨƿӰ֮䣬˳⡣ǹ챬վλãռݣڶӿ֣һС
ڵͨĽ𻯿˷ܲѣѪȣĿǳȵĶ㡣
ڶԷӶǹ˵ʵģͲˣκβ㣬Ҳ˲ҡ
ǹٶͨЧǼˣЦЦܲ˵ġ
˵꣬ǹȫͬɽĵڵ۵涯ĵ죬ѹռ䣬ϯȥ
㵲һԣǹЦ֮䣬ռ䱻סȻʩչͨŤ˲ˡɫ˱䡣޷ѶԷҲֻҧݣȫȫ䵽ֱϣǾʩչͱ⽻ֱԷһȥҪһӡ
䡭
ڶԷǹ֮Уһ֮䣬ռѿ޴ѷ죬Ӱȥڳ⡣ֻͶԷһɫ԰ףѪ
ʩչѹڷѪ㶢ǹ죬żֹ˼ɡһ𾳵ʵմ򵽴ĽҪǿʮֹ
ʵԴ涼ʮֳԶһ𾳵ȻǶ֡
ɫ԰ףǹ쵹ĿһۣԭΪһվˡȴû뵽Ȼǿֵزǹ뵽ʱʵĲһ㡣
ǹܿٴϯҪɱǣδ֣˵Ӱǹ˵м䡣
λϺð˷·ûпƵģЦеĶ˴к˵֪λ׼ûأʦѾڵȸλˡ
ǹЦǰԵƬ̣ҽһЩСèСȥʦ
ԷĻһ˵ǣ
˼ǹ׼ȥϽЦǺǣλӺαˡǻ÷龳λһҪĻǾȳȥ˵Σ
ǹ˵Ļ΢΢üͷϵƾʧһɶ·ʲôûзƵġЦǰˣҺֻǿЦٻ÷龳µ˼ѽʱҲ硣ǰڵˣ߰ɡ
˿һǹˣ漴ЦλòˡʲôԹȼʦƳɹ˵ʱλӻжԹĻ÷龳λṩءڴ֮ǰʦϣ߷
ǰģǹǰ棬ߵʱǹѹ˵һЩ¡ȴ˴ɹ֮ͻͷˡ˵δ棬ﵽ棬ɱҲ׾١
˵λǹЦﳤȥĽ𻯺ŭҲĿⲻĿ㡣
˵Ŀ⣬ˡлᣬ϶Լ֡ʵȻ˵ԼҪûͻƵ棬һԶԸҪ治ΧĻֻ·һ
ҪϽȡرԴֻҪﵽ棬Щ˲һЩèѣԼŰɱһҲǰȥ
˿ȵĲӣеĬĬĵͷ͡Ȼʵ棬ǵȴҲʱ͸ҽа崫档

ڸ˵Ĵ·£һ˺ܿ쵽һطһޱȣ˸ոսӴܸоһɳȵϢ̲סֵɳȡ
ǵǰһɽɽȫڻɽ֮ϣһ޴̨̨濾һɹɻ棬̨ȡ
˼˶Ŀ⿴̨Ƕ˵ǼʦʱʦҪƵĵ֮Уλɡ
˵ͷӰȫסգŻɽ֮ϼȥ
˶ߣ֮䣬͵һڵĻɽۣ֮˾ȵǣܻɽ֮ϣʯɵͤͤʮ֮࣬鲼ɽͤУԭĳȸоʧһɶ
ʵһЩҩʦһոǶԿʮֳǸոջ룬ֵֵˣθ
Ǻǣλڵͤһ÷龳ַƶɵģܸˡҰĵ档ҲҼǵãҪûнǧͤʱδʼƣǿȲǺǿȵȳˡǿǿϰٱֹλҪʵĻͤȻᱻոɾ
һ仰һһʱΣҿͤԵ̫²Сĵȥûˡ
ȴĿ⿴򿪿ڵˣеͤ룬һЩݻƣòߣȴ˵㿴оɼס

㶢ˣܿ̾һ˿ȻҲǿһʦȴݵˣⲻҪҵġ
ˣȿŰɣʱ֪һλ䲻뵽⣬ҲͤС
ǹȴĿƵĶǰڹжһ档뻯˲ٵвΪԼƹ
Ҫǣ˵ʵʹﵽ𾳵ĵزʵȻ֮ء˸ǴԣҪУʵʹﵽ˿ǿߵĵزﵽ˰µĵ۾ˣΪ½֮һˡ
ǣʱδﵽ۾ȴ۾١
һ￪ڣ˶סҿڡ
λҲ˵ˣ˴ҿ¯һǾƷǺǣƵĵҲ١ǣƷȷʵһΡһ˶ʮʱƣѾ־߳Σʱ¯Ϊ˰Ƴ˵⣬Է˶٣ɨ˵Ҳ˻ᾪΪʲôҩʦڣҾ͸ҽһͬʱλҪʲô
˴ƵĵЧԶ˵ЧҲΪˣҪҩ뵽УҪЩҪλˡλΪҩʦҩƿؼΪ죬Ҫľǰҩ䵽֮Уõҩҩۣ˵ۡ
ŶԷĻ̲סһ̫ҰˣȻõӵҩ֮ȻҲĸ



828 
˻ǸǣǾӦôɣһͻȻʵ
˶򿪿ڵӣ˭ô󵨣˵ʱ򶼸Ҵϡ˿ȥֻԶͤһӣӴŶʮӣһ㣬ȴһѱ
ҵһλӢӣôҲˣԣλʵһλͷĵͳҩҲʮָ
ǰû˵Ҳ÷龳ٺ٣кϷˡҺͬʱ֡
ƨϷ˵һ涼ô˼ұȣ֮һУͲʮָ֮
Ҳԣ˵ոǺĺĵӣ鷳ˡҪңǸ𣿡
ûˡ

һϣ˵ĿҲԷҲЩƽ⻹һҵˣͬΪһڵˡ
˵ҲоƵģɨһۣĿζԷ̬۾һȻҲ֪Լݡ
ǺǣӲҪ꣡˵ҲŭǰæΡһξǿػ𣬴ʱﻹҪգͺҩҵĵһæôǣɽĵػյϣǣĻԽԽá
οʵǲֻҪû񱩿ֲκΰ취У
ԣɻĿΣ֪仰ʲô˼
Ҳɻ󲻽⣬һʸʲôѵа취ûΪ񱩲ɣ
Ǻǣǰ˵ûҪѯʵˡƺõĴ𰸣ҲûпڣĿ
Ҳûж룬ЦǵһξĿģĲ࣬Ҫйҩˡ磬ʱҰҩСλ𣿡
˶Ĭϣ˵˴Ҳǰ׽дҰæǰƵλȥһ÷龳ʥһΣͬʱǰʥСһΡڱΪܳǰˣҴӦÿһƵȻƵĲҪԱ
͡
̲סһÿһΪ֮龳ʥ崦ųƿԿ֮ЧһΣܽʡʮʱ䡣ʥС̺龳ҪܽȥһΣõһ֣ǾͷˡҪһǰӦһʲôԺ͵۾ƽƽˡһ󡣱ǰҪޱȡ
Ļ۾ҲҪԼȡǰǲѰһλʦ
뵽⣬ԭ׼Ź㣬Ҳʼ׼һǰס
ôҪǴûʲôͿʼɣ˵
˵ʱָ㶯һۼڻɽϣԭڵĻɽٴο񱩵ıֲĻ֮ǵأһж渲ǡ
ռ䱻յ죬ɢһҩʦһĻһ̲סӣҺͤҪȻԵסĻ档
ڶĻӣ˷ȼնȥžϵ𶯳ռյѿһѷ졣
λְɣ
Żɢȥ̲סڶߺȵͬʱԼҲԶָ֣㶯֮䣬񱩶˳ָķ¡
͡
ԭͻԻ
ڶҩʦҲûţԱֲĻ棬汩֮䣬ȥػʩչ۵£ܻ
˲䱻渲ǣĻ£ڲϢ
ۻ棬ԽԽãĻ¶Խߡ
һ˿ʼ͵ѹ棬汻ѹ¶ȳɱķӰ˻£ӿ붦֮С
ˣ˶ҧݿƻ棬ָҲ㶯һȵĻû뵽С
ҪǿһЩͺˡܵ¶ȷǲ㣬ȻĻѾˡǿһߣôЧã֮ҩĳɹҲߡ
ǰ治񱩰ҰһΣһֱû˵ΣʱͻȻЦ
ɻ󣬲ʲô취û񱩡Ҳɻ󲻽⡣
Ǻܿ죬˾˴𰸡ֻЦ㣡ͬΪˣ˵˴Ƴ쵤ҩҲûж˵Ҫҩǲôǿ
δЦ֮䣬۳һķϯȥ
㿴ϯľɫ˱䣬һȻͬһڣͬǣȴһˡҲòԼ𡣡
˵ͬʱָ㶯һֲĻϯҲһεĹȥ
Ҫսҽ¾ˡ
㻰µʱ򣬻񱩵ˡ˳ϣɻ棬֮ǰ۵Ļ棬Ҫ֡
˵оٶػҲУҪ˭ҵڡιЦЦ֣֮ķȥ
˿ҵλԿΪʲôεôһ仰ԭưͰĿת㡣ͤܵס˲ǻҪǳͤĻǶԷҪˣˣ˭ͷ۰ɡ
䡭䡭
ҲʾԼʵԷǿػȴñԷָ㶯֮䣬һͶԷĹһ
˽棬˿񱩣ϵĳ۾Ҳ͵һòϣһð취Ȼ汾񱩣ôû棬Ȼӿ񱩡
ѹΪҵľӢӣȻֻһλȻ⵹ȤˡһۣҲþȲѡҪǣ˶þٶػǻĿػ
ǺǣˣӦöභҩʦҲһǣԼҲÿڡ
ǣûпڣű˲ڣжԹҩʦʱҲҵᣬһ汬Էȥ
ΪεĽ֣ʱҩʦ˰취Թԭ£ʱ䣬ĸޱȣָϵĵ㶯ƻ
ι㵲ЦȻ鴫ˣİɡ
˵ָ꣬㶯һƾһ䣬һ𣬻޴Ļ򣬻Ͼͷ¶ȥ
ŶԷ˹ɫҲӸոյĳԷĿػΪ죬Ҫǣʵﵽ˴档ƿӵӦ֣Լżѹ
ǾˣȴʾƻҪһ㣬Ͼʥӡ
㲻ǴһԷָҲ㶯ɽѹԷľȥ֮䣬ռ䱻յѿһѷ죬Ϳһɹ˴쫷磬Էȥ


829 ʥػ
񱩵ĻյЩŤϲ쳣ָ㶯ڶ֮䣬ϵû뵽Уڻɽ֮˼쳣𺳣һƬǻ硣
һ֣ٶʩչļΪ죬ڻд壬ϵͤſ񱩵ĹÿζҪͤ
ʵȻȲǾػȴ֮䣬ƶԷһɹɿ񱩵ˣѶԷĻ¡
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οԼ˿ػǱ㵲סɫҲھٶĿػļܱȣԭΪʰܼ򵥡Ǵʱȴ֣ԷԿػ⣬˿ҪǶõۣҪȻѡ
ûõۣǴʱȴǰҪǶõ۵ĻѹˣҲ˲λԸΪ˶
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Ҳɫ˱䣬û뵽ԷͻȻ֣ɫδӦһ˹Ц˶۸ʲôúȻҪιӣҾͰ㹫ӡ

һƬȻھĴֲӣȻ棬סԷİɹ
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˽ֱˣϲ˵Ŀػǿףƽһҵʱȴĸ
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ǹ֣ŭĽ𻯶ûţ԰ѻ滯һͷͷ޴ޣײͤȥ
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ҪʹңԴû˭ǣ½ʲô

˿㱻ʩչΧ̲סһ̾룬ҪǱĸ滹˲֡ǣ־͹ƺšȻΪĵӳһԸҲû˵ʲô
ϾݵͬǼʥӣ
ʥӱ˵ΧǱʮΧҲ
ͻڣҵʵ̫ˣŴܶѣɬӣԷΪܣҲ̫
䡭䡭
治ϵı˱ĻҪСʩչٶ޷׵סͤһǱ顣оЩ΢¶
һĻ۾һʱ˶ҪǵȵȳȵٴӿҪס˵Ϯʵܵѹƣ˾޿ˡ
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˵ͷԻ汩θǺ޹˼ɣһ漤ϣϱ仯۳һ󣬴ϯеĻ涼ɵС
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㿴ŶԷˣһһ㣬ߵĻͻȻȫϨ˿һĻһɻ󲻽⣬ѵֿ˲ɣ룬ҲԷϾһˣȻػˣȴҲֻһܡ
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һŭУΪģĻ۶ȥм·оƵģĻߡ
ͬӱڵˮӿ뵽ߣ˺ûͤķεסЩ汬˹ġĻãһڻдϢԽԽ࣬һз裬ǧϰ鲼Ƭ󺣰ĻУͬڡ
һ֮䣬ϵŤ䶯۳һģУСĻھС䣬ϵıŸɫʡ
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治ϵı鲼ռ䣬޾ĻߣϢ֮ͬˮ˵
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ҡһѺڴϳ֣Ѻ۳֣Ҳܲסĺķ顣

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뵽⣬һͷֳһѪӡǣӡǳ֣
գҲҪѹס㡣
ոյϢټϵҩѾָ˴Ѫ֮壬ֳһֱƾ׵ȥȻҪԼסĹ
˿һĻһҲȻޱȣҪס֮ôʹ㻹һʹﵽ۾


833 
˫׵磬ûз׵Я֮ȥ
˴ʱҲס˭֪ۻδȫ뵽УҪǴʱ׵УȻϵ۵ںϣĴҲ˶ʧܡ
˿űµ׵磬һסĿ⿴ϣܵЩ׵Ĺ
ҲûйҵеתֲԪۣĿס׵ιǣ׵£ҲĵɳȥвϵĿѪȳɹѪҺȻܵش
סһҲ˲Ϣȡһŵҩɽȥԭ԰׵Ҳָ˼Ѫɫ
˿ɵĵҩ̲סһⵤҩ߲ʹβƣȻƷҩ
䡭
׵ٴκ£ʩչӲ׵硣¡¡׵ĵϣĵѿһѷ졣

͵໽һһȥܺĵֱۣ׵ȥȻͻ׵潻档˿һĻ̲סľصǲϵˣźεȰԵ
䡭
ʹ췣֮ľĺ£Ҳ׵ҡΣİѶԷ׵ҡεĺһ췣֮Уһնʱһ޴Ŀ׵ɽȥ
Ķƺŭ췣Ƶġ׵绯ľβ֮䣬׵ɨ˳ȥ
ã
׺һɨ˳ȥɫ䡣е͵Ļһ֮䣬뵲סеǣ췣ʹʵҲȫס׵籩ֱȥ
˻ߣӿҪסǼ׵磬ȴѲȥֻĿЩ׵ȥ
ĵҲȥסЩ׵磬شǸ޷ֻĿ׵ȥ
ڶҩʦҲ̲ס̾һôãվҪʧˡ
ϧˣ
̾Ϣһʧô࣬޷ɹ
䡭
ǾΪ׵ҪϵĴʱһӰȴ˵ǰ档
˿ǰǿ׳壬һ췣֮㴫涼׽棬ʲôȥס׵磿ΪԵ޹ʵĵֵ
˵ɻУ׵ĺϣ׵£㱻ĵɳȥ̲סƺһҲ׵ƣ׵缤֮䣬֮
˼״̲ס̾Ϣ已̥ôס췣֮
Ǿ˵ȴѪʱȴֲϵ׵ʧһɶٴĵ˵ǰ棬˿ܵشģ
Ϊ׵ĴոΪҩֵ۵ʧ˲١Ի;
˿һĻΪԼϹˣ͵Ŀ㣺ôܣ
ȴ˿ǵĴֱͣ˦ٴεסûеס׵硣
ԭΪʧˣû뵽ȴϲȻܵס⴫涼ǵ׵磬޵ģ㣡㻹ܵס𣿡
㿴򵽣׵ǿȲǿܵסһǣе۵׵̫࣬Ҳұ֤
췣ֲ̫֮Լܵסһ뵲סȫȴҲ̫ܡȻʱѾ׳ޱˣӵе۵׵磬Ǳгﵽ棬Լӵеۣ췣֮Ͳڻˡ
ǣʱŴܣҪסۼѡܿסһѾ˾÷˼ˡ
룬˵ܵסһоϲͬʱֱо棬޷һεס췣ġ
ľٶȴ𰸣׵£ֱۻ֮䣬ܰ©׵סҪǣסЩ׵㲢û˶ܴԽսԽ¡
ֹ龳·һһߣôˣ
㵲ס׵磬Ҳл裬۳ס۵Ĵ
ϣ˲ϵ趯׵˵ĳУ׵ĵ˴͵ǣԽսԽϵĿѪƷҩҲϵʳάս
ǸȴԽսԽ£ûʳһսϢȴϵ֮󣬾Ȼ΢
˾쳣棬ĿֱֱĶ㡣
׵£ܸоǿȲӣϵķ׭Ҳϵۣͬʱڵϵľ
Щϧδ֮ҪȻЩ׵ȫһΡеñʧδ£㲻ϵľʵ塣Լʵǿȶﵽһַ˵ĵز
ʱƾѾ治˶ˡҪǶûѪ֮ǿܶܺʹƽˡڴδõ۵£Լȫܿ⴫档
ǴǴ棬ﵽһʵı仯ӵе֮ԼԷҪսʤԷǼѡ
ܵԼȵͿֲжͻƴڴҲ֪һͻƴ͸ˡΪҪͻļҪȱѵĶࡣ
ͬģͻ֮ҲҪȱǿĶࡣ
ϣͻƵ档
̾ϢеϵĻȥס׵磬׵û뵽Уϵķ׭鲼ȫ̺ſֲ壬һĴ壬ҪֲĶࡣ
Ϣٴֲ𵴶ҩʦΪ֮Ȼѡ
ɽ緢һϢŭ̲סɫ䣺СӻǴܶѣơǵﵽ棬ֻεȿֲ
찡ƣѾ˰ɡֻһܰôӵ˿ֲƣ
ⲻܣôֻǴܣ

һڣŵĿ㣬ȫ¶ԪôŨ;
ɫҲ˱䣬дżֺȻ֮ɫƲ֪𵱳۷ʱǿٱҪǵ㣬ʮɱʱвһ֮ڰɡ
ߣ˿ֲԪΣԽҪͻƾԽѡҵ뿴ܰԼļ뵽档˸ǰδУͳУͻƼ
ԣ˵ĶԣΪȻĸǵͳԴ޷ãڴ֮ɡ
ͻƲ˼Ҳһ˶ѣȴΣʰǵǵ𡣡
ŭҲ˷ĸʲô¡ڵ죡
ȴûǵĻɽ׵塣ʱ㣬Ѿ˲üǿˡȻ׵۷׭ͽ׵ۡ
һ׵£ϲϱգϵҲƽϢѾѵںˣҲĵۣ׵ȥס׵ĺ
ŵļ룬ʱѹ󽵡׵Ҳƣĵ׵ڴ˿̣׵繥ɡ
׵ĺ£ۣһѳ֮䣬ݺݵŲ£Ѳ룬֮Ȼıɢ
׵ɢȥ


834 
䶨
ԭƱ鲼ĩյٴλָ֮ǰʣҪڶǱǽ鲼Ϊոйص١
ʱֳֳʱĵйɹɵҩ͸УѪش壬ȻĻָָٶȾˣ̶ʱ䣬Ұ׵ϾͶ˼Ѫɫ
˿һĻ̲סĿ⿴ео̾ޱȣ벻ǾƷ⸽Чֱޱȣ涥ǿߣ˿ٵĻָơ
ָһЩ֮Żֶ˺λ
˵꣬ȿԽգ漤ȥ
һ˸ϽȥӰ֮䣬ܿ쵽һɽ壬ɽһ˽У
֮Ц˴ζлλˣλոļ󣬿ϢָŨ񣬴һָҲ졣Щҩȥʳ
ȡһЩҩָˣЩҩ˻ָҲӵĿݡ
Ψûľ㣬㱻׵ʹﵽ۷塣Ҫû֮ܽٴͻһΡ
ȵ㣬ҲޱȡԼסЩ׵綼Щߣȴ׵ƵģԽսԽ¡ɻ
ȻЩеָҲϢеҲѹƲס˷ܡ⻨ԴľƷڳɹˣԽͻơ˵пܲǸΣΪ½ľͷ֮һ
ӣ˴ζлˣûеϢЦ
ҡͷ˵ȻӦǰȻȫοҲ˲ٺô
Ǻǣ֮ǰɻΪʲôѡΪ٣ˣֻĸҪͻƵ档¡˵ѵ˵ͳʺĸ𣿡
ûУЦ
ϧĻ̲̾һûеͳܰ㡣ΰ
һ£ԽԽáǣϣԽԽͻơΪǿȣʵҪǿ֮ǴġҪͻ߳ԼĵһͻƵ漫ˡ
ȻҪͻƵĻĴҲҪǿϾͻĴǷƷ
ЩϧЦЦ˵룡ʹͳҲ߳Լĵ
㲻ȴ㶣漴Ц
˵䣬Ҳû˵ĻҲ֪Żǲţ

˵ĵϢ˲ٵʱ䣬ȫָ֮˲ŻĻָ
˶ָĲˣŶڶҩʦ˵жлˣӦıҿȡˣоǱӦǰÿһҪ󡣺Ǻǣλ˭ܽǰڣ
Ļ˵ĿⶼΣӣ㣬ԼƹƷҩߡ˱ֵļΪɫȡ
һ񱩵Ļ棬Щ˽ֵԵʣڶҩЩҲȻΪûе۵ԵʣЩ˲٣ŭҲ硣ǣֿ֮סף㹻ֲˡ
˵ЦЦ˵ǰ㣬ΣִޣܳΪףΪûסЩף˴Ҳʧˡԣ״ûʲôɣ
ˣȻ˵ʲôֻλɫЩÿȴЦŵͷϽرȥִȻԼھǣ˴οػԵʱȴվԼһߣԼֳ⡣ҲźøУ
λӣִޣҪʲôٺ˵֮еģᾡǴɵġڣҾʹȥ龳һһǵ塣λҲɡһ˵
һ仰ЩҩʦҲ˷Ǵ˴ǰ˶ΪþЧԶһΡǣȴûжԸû뵽Ǵ˴ȴˡǿĴЧ
һǰһӨ͸һͷĺˮˮͨˮЩͬˮȻûһ˿ںУиɢɹɵϢЩϢ뵽УܸоԼ˼֡
˵һ龳ڶӴĵطλǵãԼСԽΪ֮ˮЧԽǿҪǳܲס԰Ǵķ顣ҾΪǧð
Ļ˵ͷЩҩʦ̲סʼ̤źȥǣոհѽû뵽У̲סҽһ

һҽУ˿ֻĽź׵·شһϽȡŽŲҽ
һĻ΢΢üͷ˵λҪסȫһҪСģеˮˮȻûоͬǧһҪǴҲСģпͷ顣
Ļ˵Ҳ棬ЦȻˣǾȥһǧĸо
ڿնҲסȫӰȻֱźļȥȻûеģǾ밶׵ĵطֱС
˿һĻһ겻ʩչ밶ôԶĵط
ԭΪҽȴû뵽ûеȴЦʹ죡
仰һ̲֮סһ̬
״ҲĿһۣǸλõĴЧȻǿġǣҲȺ֮ˡûжסȫ£ܳСǿܿס춥ˡ
˾ȵȣ治Ӧóһϡ
УεҲڿնҲû뵽СΪ׵УҩʦҲС̤С
״ЦλĴ֮ǡ
˵꣬ҲûٹˣӰŹȥʱոƳɹƷҪϺ⽻㣬ںϣﵽڡһͻƴ档
УеˮأκβںеĶĹɹȻ˵ǿȡ
ִֻѾûʲôЧˡ㱻ֻǸоͬĦһָоʮ泩ȴܴĺô
뵽⣬Ϳʼźȥźȥʱˮ񱩵ҲӡǣⲢκ㣬ֻǰĦǿһЩЧǿ
ָо̾Ϣ˼ʱǿ̫ǿˡһĴѾ𲻵ˣʹߵıءǶ˵ȴǡ룬ֻϣλõĺˮЧ
ʱѾôŨˣʱѾͻơѼΣ
ԣ㲻ϵ룬˿һһ㣬Сǿֵزˣ


835 
㲻ϵ룬ʱˮĿѾǿ͸ˮ˿Ҫ㱻Ʒ״塣Ҳִеõٺô
ʹˮǳѾֲµ壬ȻٴǿϢȻڲӵ£ٴ˼֡
㰵զ࣬ɰĿ⿴ҩʦҩʦԶϾǲǿÿһ嶼Ҫܼѹ
£ǵǿٶȻ˵㿴һȺˣв¶ҪпֻܽһΡ
Ȼĸ̾УĴӺεˣϢϵܵԪҲ˻۶ȥ˵ϢǷ
ܵԷĲɫҲ˱䡣Щгȥһִ޶Լûж֮⣬˶ͲɱԼЩҪʵٴһΣԼǾ͸Σˡ
㵹ֹǣҲ֪ԼҪһ֡Щ˾ƴŲͻƣְԼȸɱ
뵽⣬ҲͷţԼ򵽴֮Щ˸ͲĻ£ʰҲ׾١
ƽ㣬ҲˮĳȻЧȲϱˣʤޣ뻹һЩԼʵġ
ʱ䣬Ĵ£ܿ͹ȥŭˣһΡߣǿĸΡȻˮһΣûʲô̫Чˡ
ԣ˸ܵЩˮԼЧ֮һҲ˰ϡ
ιЦڰϵ˵ǿϧˣδﵽ棬ӵıأҲﲻ١
㿴ֻε˵˲ܸ̫磬˵﷭ˣ
ƾ㣿ոձʰ㣬ʱʵǣʰڻ¡δЦΪٳĺáöҵ˵Ըйϸ𣬵Ͼͬһڡ
ģûԣԼˡ
ȴδЦݣվͺúõĽѵ㣡
ԷҪ֣Ҳû⣬Ŀ⿴һһ
ǺǣλǳЦĿ⿴һΣ漴Цϲλˡ
μ֣ѹסŭֹס˶ֵ˼ֻӵ˿ɣҵᣬȻԼ֡˵ɱԼǻٵԼ֫϶ǻġ
лҩʦҲһǶżҪǰ֪òܴﵽıأȴ꣬ʮĿޡ
ѹֹĵӶǿһڶԴ֧֣벻춼ѡһҩʦи̾
ǺǣȻλѾˣǾ͸ǵڶɡǰһ÷龳ʥڡһ˵ǰ档ǽȥԣǧҪ̫̰ġÿֻȡʲôһʯͷõоȡˡ֮󣬾λҲҪΪûǣΪû˼ලءҲ¸㣬ǰҲ뷨ˣһⲻǱֽţѹһиʥأʹ˼أҲ֮ĸ֪
һ仰˵Ļûһ˿ĻɡΪʥžͷڡľͷҪ֪˶һЩСֱ׾١
ڴҵƷǺŵġӦòֲᷢعص顣ôҾǰʥذɡ˵
ҩʦ˷÷龳ʥԴ񣬱˵ģȡҩģҲҪã˵ˮһĶܼ꣬ʮĿޡ
Щҩʦ˷ܣĿ⿴ˣ漴㼸˵λӣִޣǰס˵Ӧǵ˵ɣҪʲôҪʥȡõĶҲǿԵġ
һ仰ڶҩʦĽĿˣȷʵ˼ʡ
ǣȴ˿Ϊ˶Ǽᱻջ򶯡һĳŵ𼸼ʲôǿˡ
վǰһ˵ܼ򵥣ϣǰǰһҡ
ǰңüͷͻȻʵʲôˣ
Ǽ棡ҲΣֱ˵
ѹ֣̾һЦ걾Լܵһóصأһʮ꣬δɳһΡǴʱвˣҪһسˡ
Ҳ˵ЦЦ˵뼸ǰǰȥǰܾԣֻܳ²ˡ
˵ͷ̾ϢһܻҲܲˡҲգȻˣº󣬱ǰһҡ
лǰι˵
Ӧõģ˵꣬Ŀ⿴ִ޺ˣأ
ִЦǰһ˵뻯Ǵ⣬ϣǰˣһ֪ܷ붯ǰ𣿡
仰ЦĲ˵һмĵõġҪ
ǣδ˵꣬ͱִ޴ϵǰҪӦ̫졣˵꣬ﲻǰѾλ֣λˮƽǰԣǰ˼С
ʲôɴ۾ĿŴִޣͬ𺳣ԼļʦѾƾƷˡȻλʲôѵ롭
뵽㣬źȻĿִޡִעе˵ͷ˵ǰԣǰ˼Сǰ˵Ҳյġ
һѪȣŴִ˵ϸһˣȻ˽ܣǾͷ֮һǹ˻ǣ
ɢޣʦҲɢޣ
ʦ˭Ŵִʵ
ף
Բ۾漴֮˵ѹˣԭǺǣҪҲӦˡʦҲһֱҳݵңԽս飬ԽȤ
˵ĶԻɻѣִ֪޵ʦ˭ȻǺεѲǵ۾Ŀǿߣ
뵽⣬һŴִ޾͹֡ʹǶԴִ޲εˣʱҲұ¶һʵǿҩһǿʦǵĺá
أ˵
λ͸ˡЦ
ûΪ仰ɣʲôҪʲôԴֿɵáԼܸĶ࣬Եľ㡣ϾȻλߣڹУȴȲ㡣ܶܵõĶȴûʸ
ֻϣǰһˣ㿴˵
ɻ˵Ҫ˭
㿴һһ˵÷龳λصĿ÷龳һһλ֪ǰɷһ
Ļ£ɫһٱ䣬Ķ㣬ɱ⣬ѹ£Īѹѹ£ȫ亹ð˲ͰȾʪ


836 ֮·
ǰѹ£ѣ̲סһں£ڷӦ˵֪ģ
Ȼûȷ˵˭ǴУָ˭ƽ¶ɽˮǻ÷ڵˣ֪
ҪԼˮƽʵ֪ֻڵľͷܼ
ԼȻǿһͷλӴļ١ԼڶԷиʲôͽܵʸûУ
һλڻ÷龳ĿͷȻһ档
ɽüͷĶ㣬д塣ǣǵһһġòСԡ
˼Ϊһ仰ˣһɻʲô̩ɽǰûɫǣһ仰ȴˣ˲ɾ˵˭
ԷķӦһϲȻ֪䣬ĻشҲûֱӻش𣺡˵𣿡
üͷһϢһĹǸϢҲûзϡ֮ˡǴʱ˵ֲ
ϢԺתһ飬еϢ֯漴Ŀ͵Ŀ㣺ǸϢİɣ
˵ͷ˵ҪȻΪ֪λǰġʦЩ飬ǰݷ
˼Ҫ˵ʵʦǽŵһ˵ĺصۡҪĻ֪ԼеλͷˡңǶԷѰġһûʸС뵽⣬һ
ҺѴӦʹңҲȥ˵
üǰǡ
㻰û˵꣬ͱҡҡͷϵȱ˵˵ꡣȻԴȥȴܸ˼ԸԸ㡣Ǿ͵ÿԼˡ
ĻϲԭΪӦԼҪԷ͸ˡȴû뵽ԸڡԺϺͶԷĹϵԼúϵǰͲ¶ԷӦԼ
뵽⣬һڣ˵лǰ
ҡҡ˵㲻лҡܼܲͿԼı£˼Ҿʥأ㻭һͼͼߣܴﵽڴ
˵ָ꣬㶯һ˿ϣһۼۼȫɵģӹԷݹĵͼĲдݹϢ
ȥɣʥֻаµʱ䡣ºҶ뿪ʥءҪȻҲ뿪ˡ˵
仰˸ϽӦǡֻοȴЩŹ֣֪Ҫ˭Ȼˡ
ǲʲôȥŵȻǻ÷ĿͷΪҵľͷִʲô壿ǲҪͻ÷ʲôԼ
뵽⣬ξľͱŷǹǿһ壬Ҫ£Ļô½䡣
СӳʲôĿģλͷΰžġĿҲŭĽ𻯵ˣȻҲͬ˼˶һۣԵͷŹʶ
Ȼ֪ʲô뷨Ӱ˼֮Уܿ쵽һۼ龳һ龳ƣʣи߲޷裬ɾ
ָǰɾ˵ǰһ÷ʥأǵǿС磬еԪʮһ꣬ʮ֮ȻΪеķҲʮǿҩλҪޣҪɱȦޡ
ҵף˵ͷ
ȥɣ˵֮󣬶˵
ȻҲʩչǰɾȥ
˾ͽʥУߵĵӺɻʵʦʥΪʲô˽ȥѾǵһˡÿʮ꣬嶼һеõѺô
һԼĵ˵ʥصõѺôȻҲܴϵõôǻݵ顣
ţӺܲ⡣
ǿͨһʥأͨҲСǽȥȻʧһЩʥıǣȴҲܴϵõ
ʲôǿ۵ģʵ
Լһۣ漴ҡҡͷ˵ܣʹңҲ֪ܵõʲôֻʥͳ֮󣬾һֱģ֪ܵġֻڵľͷЩ㲻֪̫ࡣ
ǡ
һɾ漴ŵ˵º󣬽뿪ȻҪǳ»δֵˣԶɡ
˵䣬ڵӵĵͷУҲûʥС
Ӱ䣬ȻɾоܵԪŨһּµĵزû⣬˵һλǿߣõرԴͼĿռתСҪġ
ͻƴĿܣʱֻͻƴ档
ǣ룬εȴ룬ŭĽ˵ǰһЦ⣺ӣܵô찡
㿴ˣ΢΢üͷ˵λһ̶˷ѣոսУܹ鷳ˡ
Ǻǣ鷳ǣֻô˶Ƕ֡вʣҪһ֪ЦеĿ˵
ûȤҪ𣬺ȥԣϺġ
֪ĻԷŭˣĶ˵Ҫû㣬ʲôʸǰСС죬Ҿ۶֫ҵ档ˣ˭ڡ
ԷĻЦһ˵һϣһ
ʰ㣡κһˡĽ𻯶㣬֮ǰ㻹ֵܵһ󡣿ڵʵǣﵽ𾳵ĵزʰ㻹ֵ
뵽⣬̤ǰһĽ𻯲оŵǬͨҲס
Щûһ֣ҲһҪһֵĻ͵סһ˳֣Ȼѹ󣬰ܶʤ١վһսĿܡ
Ľ𻯼һӿ뵽ȭͷЦһ
Ľ֣ҪսپǿɳˡŭЦ
ŭĻҲЦǿǸϵģҪܲסǾĺǼͨԵ
㲻ǵģĽ𻯺һ˵СٶȷʵЩŹ֡СһЩסˡʰ㹻ˡ
ģҪΧˡǻʲôųһľӢŭЦ
˵꣬һǰһס·Ȼ֡ȴְΧƣüͷԭǼӳȥ˵ġǶԷһǶžӵĿܡԼʵܵסˣ뵽⣬ͱͷۡ


837 ش
Ľ𻯶㣬ֱۻ裬۲ϱһӿ֮䣬Ľܣںһ𣬱֮䣬ϯȥ
磬֮˺ѿռ䡣ǰ屬ȴҲܲĺֻȫӭȥ
ȿֲͶԷӵе۵һ֮䣬ֲľĴ䣬Űա
Ҳĵɳȥɫ԰˼֣̤һĽӡ֮жϵľֻȴ˼ʮ֡Ľ֮ǰ֣ǿסǣһΣԷʵŷ츲صı仯Լֵܵġһ𣬾Ȼô
Ľ𻯼㱻ĺˣǴżЦٴһΣʵͻͽһֵܵġʹЩڲͬվԼĶ֡
һƿ㣬Ľһϱ˿㴭ϢĻᡣе޻Σӿȥɨ֮䣬ֻܲܡ
Ӳ˵ģܿĽ𻯶ЦҪǰѾŵǬһĺÿһЩ
һܱܿԷһУЦ˵ǾͿıˡı¡ҪʰңԶ
ӰܿԷһȴͻ˵İΧŭȻûг֣ǸվһԼҲͻƲȥĽ𻯽֣ԼҲκβ
Ľ𻯵شһϵ£һ¼䡣㱻ƵˣԿȴ档ǣͲڴ֮ϡԷԽԼϵۣȫѹԼ
һ֮䣬ӰסԷһԼҲĽڽںˡ
Ľ𻯣Ϊ𾳵Կһܶû㵽вУҪǲеĻЩͷˣĽ𻯺ȵ
ĽԷĻɫ˺죬漴һҲشǵĻһɹ֮䣬ȥ
Ľ𻯱Ȼӿ񱩣ϵļ㱶ѹʩչңβϵ㡣ǣվܱܿеĹÿκͶԷ֮䣬Ѫȡ
㣡ҲˣʶȤɡĽ𻯶㡣
䣿һԡ˵ʱһռ֮Ľ𻯸ǶȥֱӶԷĵۡ
䡭һ죬ܵĿռѿһڶĽ𻯵һ£顣
Ľ𻯲û˶ɥȵĶ㡣ûд֮£ŵǬܱҪӵеŵǬǺεȿֲ
뵽⣬Ľ໽һȫһ޴Уת֮䡣һȥֲķƣǰ۳һ޴ĿХ죬βڶ֮䣬ռɲѿ
οĽˣкȻһЦһԸ⶯ȫˡҪεסڿ㱻Űĳ棬Ȥ
䡭䡭
Ű֮䣬һȥ
ɫһ䣬ңʩչ£ÿ֮䣬ӰӰ֣顣
㣡Ӳ˵ģĽȻٶȣҲΪӵˡһ֮䣬С
㿴һĻҲʱԼɲǴĶ֡˵ˡԼĻȻشԼ
뵽⣬һڵϵӿ뵽ȫͬʱҲԼʩչʮջ
㵱𣿡Ľ𻯺һھԵǰΪ㵲ס𣿡
˵֮䣬Ľָһ㣬ɨȥ顣
ԭΪ㣬ǳԤϵǡȻܣ֮䣬žӭȥû˿ΣȫԪϾŵǬֲΪ֮Ȼˡ
;һ𣬾˲䱬ĳĿռѣŷƲϵı
˿ֲľεҲʩչŭһۣɫء㣬һܱ𺳵ˡ
ĥ֮󣬳Ĺֱȥ
ȫķ׭һδκ£׵ķ飬ϣ㱻ĵɳȥһѪҺͿݺݵ档Уܵش
ߣһܶѣȻӲҵĽ𻯼㱻Цһ弤䣬űش㼤ȥ
ĽҪܳǾ׼ֵʱе㣬ͻȻ䵽գȵ֮贫֮꣬ں֮Ѫ֮壬ұ
ĺУںѪҺһ㣬ĵۡ
ãôд꣡
Ľɫ䣬Դ;Ѫĵ۳Ҳ׽棬͵ı˳ȥ
κŭһĻҲɫ˱䣬ҲʹǣҲ˹겻£ʩչԱȴܰѵһȫŴԱ߰˳ǲܵס
ұ
ȫ˴󣬶˳ȥ˵ǰԱ
䡭
һ죬ķ顣ᣬԶߡε˿ɫ䣬Ҫ׷ȥǰԱ̤֮ǰֻĿԶ䡣

Ľ𻯵˳Ա֮һЩ֮˼Ҫ׷㡣ǣǸո׼ȥʱ˲ɫ䣬͵˺ȥ
֪ʱ֮Ưٷ׭Щ׭ȼգ׵磬Щ׵绯׺һ£ҪһСģҪЩ
׵ŰռһáӰѾˡµֻµѪҺ
һۣһŭգû뵽ΧȻˡ
ŭʱһ䲻ȴͻȻһ׭бסλյˣﵽ֮գǻر֮ա
ӡڷ׭еĻһɫĸѿθǺݺݵһգҪʲôǰ鷳
ߣ֪ﵽ˵ɡ
ģ´οһ֣ԲϢĻᡣ
˶ŭĿ⿴˵ô죿
׷СӸոճһ⡣ǣشҲܲ˶Զ׷úõһ
εĻ˵˵ͷӰոռķ׷ȥ
һƬǽ壬һƬǽܿĻָָ֮ǰۼ·һжûзƵġޱȣ

Ȼ֮Է׷ѹסзڵѪ岻ϵļ䡣ոյסԷһУѾܵشҪǿȾˣҪվѣ˵ʱˡǾˣۡ
ȱﵽ棬һùҧݣ¶ɫ


838 ѩ
Էŵ۵ϣʱƲᣬȼ˾ѪԵʣ͸ԵˣҺõǣŲҩģԼָٶȣĻָ
Ȼڼ䲻εҵҪȻһж׷ˡ
һ׷һ㣡
Ƕ£ȻռƣܶԷʵǿε˲ϤĻ÷龳㻹Ǻıܿ˶ԷȻŵͼҲ˲á
ܶԷʱҲҰƷҩеĿͬҵ㶼ҪڳĶ
ֻ뵽ֻȡ֣ûж֡ϾЩȻ󣬿ԼȴȱԴɶԼϡ
ҵذȫĵطҲʼϢԼ塣ʱ䣬ķ˲ҩŰָ˹ȻΪѪĵԵʣɫмֲ԰ס
ѪĲƣָֻһʧĲ࣬ĻָָܻġֻҪʱѣ
֮ͿʼоĵͼŵķǸȥȻʮֵСġ»δԼʱԼʵܺͶԷ档
ȱõرԴ봫֮ʰǡ뵽ǰشҲһŭ˼ƽϢһе
ңʩչ£ХɨԼңȫٴһεġֻܵƣδõϿɡԶ߲һ
ʱãңӦҲǧеһ֡
ˣ
㵽һɽţɽƣƮƮɣ׵ĵͯɽЦ·һ˼ɾƵġ
Աһµͼȷṳ֮̂ɽȥǻδ̤ɽţ͸оͬʱѹϽֹŲɽǰҷ
㣡ǰݼǰ㲻˵һ
ʱ򣬼ŵ۵Ӵǰ˵֪ӿɷʦүԼ
ЩҲʮֿȻףҵ˵Ĳ򵥣ʦүڵλãڵĵӣҲٵ֪ġ
仰ЦûУ
Ļüŵ۵üͷ˵ȻûкʦүԼǾذɡ
ҡͷλǰȥͨһص۵ǰݷá
ЩȻûгɽţ֪ص۴ʲô塣ҡҡͷ˵ذɡûкʦԤԼҵȲҴʦ
⼸˵ɽǰ㿪˵
㿴һЩˣЩʵи߽״ܵʵø߽״ɽţҲֻľͷ
λҪִҪ˵Ļֻеˡ㿴˵
һ仰һ㶣ǻû˵Ļطʲôˣģû˸ơǣ˵ʲô
˶㣬ɲһʵжǵ̬ȡ
ôˣ㿴ˣһֱӺ˳ȥʱεȿֲǴ棬޷ֲ֡Ƕ£˲ѹסߡ
ʵﵽԪǿߣһ֮£Ȼ
߼״ɫ䣬Աֲϯȥ
Цһٴ˳ȥһɽһ㣬֮䣬ϣ˱ˣϵ·ѿ뵽֮С
ˣ
ֻУĸ߽״ܾͱˣеĵͯҲĿ⿴㣬дż־֮ɫ
û˵ľ̤ȥǣϾǾͷڵλáľٶеǿߡһ߼䵽ǰŭ󵨣
ͷ䱩ŭʦүĵȻ˸£ⲻ
ȫѹȥҪְ֪ߵغշѹķ顣
Է֣ܿԷһȫ䵽ϣɾɽ֮ۺ֮ǰǰ˶Դ𣿡
쳹ɽޣ޷ڶ
߼Ȼİŭȫ񱩶һۣȥ
Ǿֵʱһ̾Ϣ͵Ӿ֮ϴƵģס֣
Īϣ߶͵ڵϣһ򺰵ʦү
ûᴫߣƮɴҰɡ
˵꣬ʧһɶԭֵĴߣʱҲҶ֡һۣʦүҪ㡣
һϵӻõġҪȻԼǲӲȥġԼӲҲǾλͷλͷʵɽд򶷣֪ܲ
Ŵߣһһɽ۷ʵǶȥԽ۷壬ԽܸоŨ
ߴ㵽ɽһۣéķʱ߶˵ʦүУԼȥɡ
ͷŶԷлߵǰ˵㣬ʦص֮ǰݷǰ
ȣдһ̾Ϣ֮ɡЩ飬վǱܲġҲŲ£
㲻׶Է˼뷿СУǰһŵۣʹŶʮꡣʮӢ
ȻΪôᣬܺͺϹн˭һֻͣλͷòֵ̫á
ǰŶԷһ
ѩ˵ͷָǰһ˵
ҲֱĶ档
ʦΪľ㡣ҲҵһֻѪԭΪԿŶȲߡȴ벻ʦӹһ١ѡǿƳ벻ֻǲ֪ʱߵ˺ֲΡ
Էĸ̾һҲ֪ʦش˴λָ
ǵҪָȻѣѩ̾һ漴˵ֻôӡҾȵǣΪĶȻ涼ûдﵽȻ㻹ᣬյԴﵽû
û˵ĬԭءܸܲϵĲر󱻷ӡˣԼҪȥѰɡ
ҲգȻ㲻˵Ǳ۾Ͳˡ˵ɣʦҡ϶ʲô飡
ѩںصҲ˵壬˺;ŷϸ̫ˡҪ˵ޣһЩҪ˵мҲһЩע;ŷ島ġ
µĶԹһҪپ𣿡ѩ̾һɰĿ⿴㡣ҵҲһеݡҪǺص۵ĵӣԼܻʱԼҲìܡ֪ǶǴ
ѩֱ뻰⣬һĿƵĿŷѩһһĿŶԷ˵ǰǰҪһЩرԴ֪ǰɷһЩ
˵仰ȫҲϵܲܲ봫棡ˣĿ⿴ŷѩȴѩĴ𰸣ռһƬžֻʣ΢ĺ죡


839 ɽ
ܷһЩ
ȴ÷ѩĿת㣬ã漴˵ҲʦҪģ
ҡҡͷʦֻҪһЩǰǰ
ѩ㣬ɫޱϲ֪رԴľʦ𡣵̤˻ϡѹرԴرԴҲ͵ġҺʦǶˡ
˵ͷŷѩ˵ʦΪһЩԭ򣬲ȡЩرԴǰҪһЩ
ŶѩǾȵĿ㣬Ȼȡܷ˵˵飿
ʦҲ࣬ΪոջָԵʰɡٵ˵û˵̫͸
ô˵ѩһۣҲ֪Żǲšȴûѯȥ˵رԴЩдãǶ˵ȴáҪʲô
Ҫͻƴ棡ҲΣֱӶŷѩ˵
ͻƴ棿ѩ۾һ˵رԴǴõģͻƴ棿
һռ䣬СԣҪرԴܳױС硣Ƚֻܽİ취ͻƵ档
Ļѩſʼ壬ڴһ֮дż־㵡ʱʵЩֲδȻ
ҲųһĶڣʵ񡣿Ǳǰ꣬ȴҪϼΪ֮𶯣
ѩһ˵ҪǲԸأ
ЦǰĶǰҲ޷
ôɣѩ˵ҺʦԹ壬ҲǷʲô
ѩĻ㶣Ҳû뵽ԷܾôֱӡȻЩʧԷĻҲûм˼ԼʦʲôԼûҪǰʦ
Ȼˣǣ˵꣬ŶԷ˹֡ԸǾˡԼİ취ͻƴ棬ϲֻһ·ͻƴ档˺ķһЩ¾ǡԼͻƲˡ
ת׼뿪ߵһ룬ͣתȡһöݸѩ˵ǰʦҴĶǣ
˵꣬ͰһԼոϡ
ѩöָԭһֱûɫ仯ķѩʱȴɫ䣬ѿ㣬Ȼ̲סŭóⶫʲôңʦ𵽵Ҫʲô
㿴ŷѩѩʱ񱻼ŭĴһŭ˫üԭӢϳһĿĶ㣬о˶Ҫ䴩ƵģֲѹҪշѹķ顣
Է̬дʹɵҲָŷǷ塣ͲǺ˵ȻϺ;ŷܺ
ǰҪ֪ѯʦǡʦ飬˽⡣
ҧݣ嶼Щ³һ˵
仰ѩջأŬƽϢأĶ㣬δ˵һ仰
ǣѹʧһŷѩ֣ȥ
ĽŸ̤ſڵʱ򣬷ѩȴҪرԴ
ЩûзӦתͷɻĿŷѩ
ҪرԴرԴѾ˴롣ҪҪ̫ĻҲûСѩ˵
ٴλָƵķѩѩĻдϲԸԼرԴˡ
Ҫ٣ֻҪһСݱرԴСҲ󡣡ͼȡݸѩ
ͼѩеĶɫ˱䣬ϼһⶫҲõˣ͸㣿
ѹַѩȣⱱͼǱıȻֻ𡣵ǱʥҲҪ󼸷֡ǵצͼµĶ
˵ѩ̾Ϣһ˵ռѾųˣҪرԴҲ̫ࡣȻˣҾ͸㡣
˵꣬ѩֱһץֱץգһץ֮Уճ˼裬뵲ƣͼ֮С
ҪرԴЩУҪͼеĿռתС硣ʱ㿪裬ʩչֶݱǡѩ˵
ӹԷݹͼŷѩֵллǰ
ѩҡҡͷȡϵĽָĸ˼£˵ȥʦԺҪʲôԼҡҪȻһɱһˡ
仰ɫŹ֪֡ԼʦͶԷʲôԹҪ˵ǳˣȻǡϾҪǳ϶ԼرԴǣҪǳ˵ĻΪʲô˵Ļ
ϲǺɫɣѵ˼֮˦˼ң
뵽⣬̲סһȴԽԽпܣ鳡ĶԹſɷѩìܵ
ԺǲҪԶһЩֹҪȻ̫ΣˡȻҲٴȥҪԼĲ²ʵԼô˧ҪҲɫģԼִ򲻹ԷԵĹͷʣ
ǣ
Ƶ˳ȥ÷ѩɻԷǸʲôԼݺε󣬱˰ͲúԼôһЩôܵô죿
ߣʦͽͬѩһ뵽귢飬ͺ޵ֱҧǣеĽְָ
ԩصۣҾͲӵһЩ飬Ҫġѩ
˵仰ѩͻȻ飡
ѩ֮һͬӢ첽뷿䣬ŷѩ˵ʦң
飡Ҷˣѩʵ
ʦŶʮˣӢӹ˵
ǰ֪ͶʮˣһҾͰ㱧ϴ跥ǣݸĵرȻŷѪŨҲΪңɾ˿š
ڵĳɾͣʦĹ͡һֱġ鹧˵
ѩҡҡͷ˵һҾ֪ĲЩıҲԱҵĲ²ǶԵġҶʮ꣬еһжҽ̵ģѧļ졣Щʦ֣Ҫò١ٸһЩ£㶨Ȼ׷еӡ
Ĭû˵ʦûб˿˵Ȼʦ顣
飡Ȼھŷ岻ɽˮ֪㣬ЩʥصʥʥŮ˿ܺһµĴڡ˵⣬ѩ˶˵ҶʮˡʮҶһֱ̣ܿ
ʦԵӺãģֵ̿
Ǻǣ㲻ˣ⺢֪ТģǺ¡ڶôĵҲסǣҲǶãڵһɾ͡ѩ˵ǰ˵ɽҴһ£һꡣЩ㻹ǵòǵã
Ӽǵã
ǾͺãǰҲɽ㻹δѧɡգѾµıˡգҾͷɽһһۡøλʥʥŮʶһ£
ʦҡ
Ҫ˵ʲôȴѩϵ֪档ɽɣֻĥһɽҲЩҪ
ѩˣ֪һǺ͸ո߳ȥйأȻ֪ʲô顣ɻǹŷѩ


840 С
Ȼ֪ΪԵʡѩĵӷɽ
ŵĶԷʮ꣬ЩķԴݣҪʲôԴûУǣڷκԴãҲΪ⣬ѷɲڸʥӵ
ڴ½Ȼᷭ쫷硣ǣΪһΰݷã̼˷ѩ˳ȥ
ѩ㲻֪ʱõرԴ쳣˷ܣӰٵ뿪ɽţȻû̫Զһصĵطͣ
˴ںϣȻ޺ۣʺͻơ
ͼóʶҲ뵽У̲رԴ衣ҲЩһѹеʶû뵽֮У裬һ׭С
£迪¶ͬҺһĶֶһ֡͸оһؽڵϢϢرԴϢһƵġҺϢĸ塣
Һһ֣͸ռ֮Уرռ֮еĺ˲ٵҺڿռ£ռ佥Żһɹɢ
ͼеҺˮҲʼɢɹ鲼ͼ֮С
ֵͬʱռ֮пʼһģ֮䣬׭ڿռ֮Ű׭ɾ޴Ľ֮䣬رԴϼ
䡭䡭
ͼռرԴ£ʼĴһɽĴаεضķ׭׵磡
׵ת䣬һɹвַ׵֣ڿռ䣬ѿռ˺ѵķ飡ռ䣬µĿռ֣һռγ֮䣬
еҲ뵽ռ֮Уռ͵ıرԴûԪҲ
䡭䡭
ռɴſֲĻɹ˺ѿռ䣬ռŻԵĶһáŵֱﶼתƵĿռ䱦С
Ѹֱﶼͼ֮УаҩģһҩҲСҪ˶ٵĻĿ޶޲
׵粻ϵıתһռʵķ飬顣
ڿռ֮У鲼׭׭ɽˮޣرԴϵ뵽׭֮УãŵϢ͸
񱩵رԴ͸ȴһȻ鲼׵磬ĩһĿռ֮УⲻǿȻȴɢ
Ĳŵۣݱһ磬ʱ۶ɣֹ֣֮֡ûУ編һ㣬ռĳռķ£һжת䡣ⷨȴǹ̶ģ߻𣬻纣ˮڣͬܰмᡣ
֮вϵı䶯Ѿʼϸϸռת䡣
׵磡ǱԴڻ׵绯Ŀʼ
Уŷ׵леӡҲϽʱȻδУȴܼת䣬ܴиܵһϢ
֪ʲôʵŨǿҪͻļҪϰٱֹʹӵرԴռ䣬ҪҲǼ򵥵飬ܲ򣬻Ҫ츳
һ֮䣬ռûӺڰӻؽӿһﵽľֻз׵Űˮƽ
Уһ仯ϲԼܸ֮ܲܵĸ򡣼ʹݱ䣬ûһ˿Ĵ֮ڣûһ˿١
ͼ֮УرԴвϵ͸͸У׵Ϊ񱩡ʱķ׵磬ѾѿռжŰһ顣ΨһûŰĶǵӻĿռõһɫޱ۵
һɫںУرԴķ׵񱩣֮εȿֲϣܺһһ
˵ƺҲŭ˷׵磬ĴϢбķ֮Ҳȥ
ڴ֮ͷĳ£ڴĸоΪ񡣿Ǿˣûɲһ˿
ռ仯С磬СķͬԪݱУͼԪ䵽У羨̺ˮƵģĳȡ
ĳȡ۳һ޴Уת֮䣬Ȼռ乲ͬŴ֮ӣ
Ҫе۾ĻǶȻầȻޱȣΪЩĵ۳ɷ֮ⷨǹ̶ģǲϱ仯ģ仯֮䲻ͬķ֮á
Ҫһַ֮ǧˣ֣࣬Ǿ͸ڵ졣ǰȴһĻ
Ȼоַ֮Ѿȫ뵽ͼУͼı仯
Уͼеĸֿڳޱ
䡭䡭
һƬ֣з׵绯ʱֻʣһСطڲϵıŰϵĺһޱ۵
䡭
ٴһ֮ĺ£ޱڱССĺ÷׵Ϊ񱩡
һС磬һȻֻСĴҲһķĴСͻƴ˵ûУǾԼ١
ϾСǺΪһܺķΪС硣
ѵõĻԵֻԵûͻƣ붨ռĲ׺ɣãſռ仯С仯Сת䡣
׵Ŵ֮ĺڰޱոձޱסĵط˲䱻ݻٵġʼ
׵ȴûзŹޱɲϵĺں֮УޱҲתת֮䣬һɹޱϵӿ뵽ɵĿռ֮С
ޱ£վȻȾһƬɫԭûвС磬ĳһƬ񷡣ڲϣϹ㡣
ء
һķ׵籩£ޱͻȻըѿըѣռϹ󱬣ޱɫʣȫɫ֮䣬еһж
£Ϲ͵£ڸոγɵĲϣ۳һſŵɫǡǵ㣬硣Ǳ鲼񷣬ԭѵɫƬ޴ĻꡣһƬ껯̫һɢȹâĴաһƬ껯Ө͸һĴڹϡ
̫Ȼͬʱɢâҫϣֻ˸֮һ뵽ʧ
̫һγɣҲûʧС磬˶ɡķХ𶯶ԭĺǷξˣ磬ٴι˷׵磬֮Уݱɸӷÿַ֣ʼû뵽һƬССһƬСҪĴɡݱ䣬Ҫ֮ǰδ֮ԼҪСγͻƴ棬ǲܵġ


841 
ܱߣûķ׭׭ܷ裬һƬƬ龳ɫޱ仯ȫ뵽ͼ֮С
ʱͼ½棬ãַ򲻶ϵ뵽֮УΣ˿ȴȻֻһС磬ҲԼĴ
һУûһ˿仯ûһ˿֮ۿСҪϡ
С編ȫҪУʧʱڵͻȻӿУ͸ÿһ硣
ͬģżףҲ䵽ͼûСС⼸׳֣˲ûգһӴճԶԶʤرԴ͸ոǼױСʹ֮ʮֹ
Ҫ˿ĻȻᾪСӿֵرԴǿӿֵףȴЧҪرԴҪǿϰٱֱֹ޷飿
ȥ֮󣬻ûٶȸ죬ս£ҲĨһصϢ
͸Уп񱩵ĳ֮䣬һ˿˿ӿ֡񱩵׳Ѫģ͸ܿͰ帴ԭҲǿ˼֡
׵ĲϺʹУǿȲϵӡķģҲϵĽ֮䣬ϣһɹϢӷ׭֮֡
ΪԵΪĸԴΪΪ֮ƣ
ĺУķ׭͵ı뵽֮УЩ׭뵽֮кΪ֮ɹϢ뵽С
Σǧֻȡһƶ
ĺ£Ǳ׿񱩵Ѫģһɹɾ۴ԺУҧžۣӡ᲻Ͻ׭ϴмû뵽ʧ
֮򣡡
ķ׭һ̣ȫͻļû뵽У׭عĴϢ׭ɵۣдĻϢκһֶӴҪʵķƵġ
ֻϢϣɹϢϵ뵽УǱݲеһɹѪҺʳʥѪŹ󣬴ϢͬЩ֮ѪҺ֮УҲŴ֮
ѪҺĹļ£ϵ֮䣬Ϊ֮ϢУѪҺƷȻٴοʼ
ĴϢڷ׭ı£ʼ壬³һ׭Щ׭֮ǰķ׭ӵļͣӵȻһ
ط׭
֪ط׭ɱ䣬ɱɺϵķ׭׭ɱ֮󣬽Լĵ֮
һ׭֣忪ʼ鲼ϢܵԪҲӿȥǾܷԲʮԪӿȥԪǲ㹻ʱͼӿԪЩԪ䵽С
Ԫͼ֮еСԴԴϵĲһԪ뵽УдһĴ֮
Ԫ£㹻ңҺͼС磬ҪȻƾԪ
뵽ϵ˵ĻúϹǸհԶ㶨ͼСԪ֧ŵĽ
ط׭ɲϵϳ֣Щط׭֣Ͻʼһۣ֮䣬˵ؽ㣬ĸԽԽŨ
ԼĵҲŴӡϵĽиΪ񱩣ͬʱҲɢһɹ
ط׭ɾҵ
мȥط׭صںϣش֮ɱ䣬У뵽С
һ뵽УϢϵһ֮䣬ķƣϢвϵ
ĵŻ𣬷·ҪһСɢϢҲͬĵһݻܵһУ񱩵֮䣬ռ飬ľԳɷĩ
ոɽԭһξܵԪıΪ˭ͻơǰ鿴ǵԪıʱ̲סԪıʱҲ̫ࡣ
ǣﵽߣͻƵʱɫ䡣ԭԪ͹ȵġû뵽ǣ˵ĽȻһͼ֮УԶԶϵıԪⱩԪܶȣ뵽еĻҪǿ
Ԫ룬ʱ򣬶Ҫǿ̫ࡣ
뵽ʦĻǰ׭Ǻص۵ĵʦĿ֮һ
鶢㣬濴ͻơǣ㱩ĻϢʱ̲סڣ֮
麧Ȼÿÿ˵ĵÿ˵ĵҲǷǿġ֮ų񱩵Ĵǿȴͷ۵Ĵ֮һ
ִ߳ȴϡֱֱĶ㣬дżִ͡
ǣ鶢ֲ֮ҡҡͷԣⲻǻ֮
龪ѵĿ㣬дżֲš㱩¶ĻϢͻûв𡣿ǣǣĻ֮УȻһ
ǷȴܸоĵÿݻʱľǺܿͱݻ٣
ҪǴʱʱһ˵Ĵ˽ʱ򣬾ʱÿһ˿仯ܿ
ҪʩչۣҪһ˿ͼѡ
ɻѣڹżмعһǿĴ֮һһλɱû֣ʥ֮󣬲նɱλǿߡ
ܿóǿǣ鲻ǣĴУΪ෴
Ķ㣬Ҫһп룬޷ìܵ˫ιһִеġ
Ҫִǲ֣ϾһͻƴʱִûìܵĴҲйǣһִȴŽȻ෴Ϣȴδġ
Ԫϵӿ뵽Уһӿ£Ϣط׭УϵѪģ֮䣬ʼӤۡ
䡭䡭
ط׭ϵ뵽УĴڲϣҲʼƱ鲼ֲ֮гСһ𶯾ŷռȻʱѿһɹϢû뵽֮У֮б֮ӵĿ񱩡
鿴һĻ΢΢üͷҲ˺֪ԷҪˡ
ˮһԪۺ棬׽ٻôǿܱܲȵ꣡


842 浽
һƬ嫣ǵصȶѹϢѹ÷Բڵްڵϣȫ£֮ɢֲ֮¡֮𵱳ƵľƷ˿Ҫǿϼ֡
˿ֲƣԶķɫһٱ䡣
Ϣ֮ÿһϢǿߣһָɽɽѹȡ
֮У׹Ŀ˺ֲ֮֮ϵıǿޱȡ
ԲɶƸǣɢزַϣصĹ򣬲񷱬ѿ׵мû뵽֮У۳ɵ⡣֮䣬Ȼһط׭
׹ʣգ֮ڶ
䡭䡭һ׭֮һױȵ׹ڲ裬׵۳һ׭׭֮䣬ɽ絶ʣ𶯾죬ᴩأֱ£Ҫϴе顣
췣Ѽ˿ֲĵâ÷𺳣ֱֱĶ׵绯ɽӡ
Щ׵缸ûһ˿ϣ㳹׵ĸǣϣ׵紩壬׵һп񱩵ĳ
˳·ҪһжƵġ鿴һĻ΢΢üͷǰص۵ĵӳԤϣȻסɹ
׵ɲϵӿ֣ӿ֮䣬յ׵Ȼһڣȫɽɡڳ֣
׵ɵĹͷļµĹââнɫǳǳɫ

鿴ųֵĹȻڣɴ۾ĿǰĹڣš
һ̫죬ܣҪõϿɣ֮ѹȻͷֻһӰѡ
ǣҲˡ֮䣬˭ͻƴʱ򣬾Ȼ״Уû˵
۴ܵĹڱѹںƵģѹ£Ҫ㳹ѹס
Ҳ죡
˿ֲѹŭһۣſֲȻ䵽֮ϣһȭ⹬ںݺݵ˹ȥ
챾졣
ŵľٶŷͲʲôȻƾԼ٣ǲԴˮˣ
鿴һ£ڱĽᴩ塣ǣ׵£û˶䣬ԽսԽ£Щ׵ȭͷ֮䣬ᴩأɽӣ֮䣬Ϣĺ
ûһ˿Σȭͷֱֱһ񱩵Ĺ׵ϣ·ûһ˿ӰƵģĺԽսԽ񱩡
䡭䡭
׵УѾ嵽˹ſڣȭͷֱڹϣǰ裬׵ϴȭͷϵĺһѺ۳֣ʮȭ֮󣬹űѿ׵磬ɢܣȫݻ١
űĹţ鶢㣬𺳡һոҪͻƴˣȻҪĳͷѵǻ֮𣿲ʲôǰһжҪݻ٣
ѹֻﶼܵصĵǣһڷⲻĵز
ͷľǸ߸ϣƿַصıԴ֮УȴսⲻǷʲô
屬䣬һ֮䣬ϵĳ۲ϣϵĺڡ
ĺ£ֲĹھȻ£׵Ŵ֮ϣϹƣһ׭Щ׵ĳ£Ϣǲϵ
ռ䲻ϵݣϵķ׭ϵĳɱ䣬еķ׭ɱط׭ʱϢҲﵽ۷塣׵ҲɣϵĴ塣
ڱ׵ȷʵֲܰһжշѹķ顣ǣȴκβ㡣ʹֲҲֻһѣͻƵ棬Ѿֲٵ׵ѹʹŴ֮ҲɱɣȻתһɹ뵽С
Уʵ˱
ǲ˼ģδٲ˷ʵǵġһոմﵽȻ֮ʵһ𶥷塣
飬Զķüͷⳬ
㲻Ϻ£һ׵Ҳ壬Ѿķ׭ˣƣҲһֲֿĲΡڵͬ󺣣һͷ֮䣬˲ءɽڻ£
Ǵ֮֮ܽУʹ߳ԼĴ
㲻֪˴߳ģʱȴоȫܺܺء
棡ڵˣ
˷ܣΪ⴫棬Լ˲˼һжֵˡԼ߳ĴҲЩˡ
ȻҲӾء׻ûȻرԴҪǿǧٱҲˣҪǡʱۿݱ䣬Ҳ˴ǣ׼иʱȴѹ֮ʧܡ
ֻһΣеĴٷȻûаЩ򡣿ǣмַ㶼Щ򡣶׼ǲ뵽档ÿԼҪ֮£ͱѹ
ֱԼѹƵͻ׵ѹ׿񱩳ʱͻ׵ѹԼĵ̤ǿߵҪһ
ڵ뵽ʹ潻ֵǴһ˿ЦΣŭĽ𻯣ҪǴʱ鷳𣿡
ͻļԿȴͻƵ棬ʵŨĲ㶼֪ʱʵжǿǰʱǰͬһ㡣
һ׵ϣе׵ʱĿҲһ
һһӰֻĿ⿴ȥʱ򣬶ԷӰʧУٶȿ˺Ȼ
ǿ㿴ʧıӰкȻҪǶԷĵ𶯣ܷˡԷʵĿֲһУʧǿġ
˭ѵǾŷʥӲɣ
üеǾúпܡʥӣôʵ
һлָƽϵķ׭ʧû뵽УҲȫͷʱҲաеǾȣڵش˻꣬ȴû˶仯ԼҲûеõӦûеĴС
һȵȥĽһ˿ԼʵжǿأԼʱʵʰӦ㹻˰ɡ
ӰԶߡ֪ԼͻƵ棬ʵ״ﵽһʲô̶ȣһĴ棬Ҫǿ١



843 ʵ
Զոͻ֮ʱҲĿתƵͼʱУͼСŨһС粢󣬿ڵ÷СҪǿֹ
ҪǣС½棬͸һޱû뵽ռУһС˼ʼɳĲľҲ̺żޱ
ܵһĻҲЩϲԺһЩҩҩп϶ޱҩƷ˲ͿΡ
ŨټޱСת䣬ȻԳԽ÷龳Ϊһɾ
ת֮䣬ԼһСҲ΢ϵֻ֪ҪСϡʱСܺԼΪһ塣
СеԪεȿֲҪȫһȫеԼԴ涥ǿҲ¡
뵽⣬ЩȡʱԼǾͷ޵СҪһķҲܽõĻͷҲսһս
ԺҪ෢ЩⷽСںˡ׵ԵʣںӦûɺܶࡣ
ܵСԼϵתоеԪ͸Сٶֹֽ˷ܵġʱһƶĲֿ⣬Ԫȡζᡣ
һλãһȫ۶ɣںȷʵԪ⣬ԪɢԪҲһС
һʥأ룬˽еĻͨ˴ﵽ֮ڻ£ҪǱܿסԪĳĻһĺȥЧƷ١ΪŨɢ߲Ȼܿ񱩵ĳɹͬܵǵ塣𵽷ǷЧ
ҪǣҲޱɹĵӣԲһһô򵥡
룬ͻȻһӡᣬһӡ֮䣬һɹ׵׭û뵽֮У֮УȻ׹׹ںд壬ûʧֻǶ˼ļµĿϢ
ſƷƽ˾ĺջ뽫ϵİЩԴͶУһҲɳһɾ˵һ죬Լܴһ
ջ֮󣬸Լڵĵӿѵ۲ϡѾ˰Ʒ׺ͬʱɢһɹ·Ƶģʹ£ڸǡ磬ֻ׵ĴƵġ
ҪǣɢϢ뵽Уо֮ԴеһУǴġ
Ȼָоֻһ͹㶼һִ
֪׵棬Ҳо˺ܶĹżȴûдҵһ˿׵Ľ͡
ˣˣԼ˵Ǻ£
Ҳûж룬ӰԶ䡣Ѿвûεˣ֪Ѿȥˡ

Ľ𻯣˵СӶ㵽ȥˣ죬Ȼδܷ
һͼͼܿǡǴҲҪżܱܿһգѵһֱܿɣ
ţ˵ҲеҵһζȻŹһܣȻš
СЩ죬һ֣һ֡ҪȻʩչܵĻǾûˡ
̫СˣһȻ˳֣ûжҵ
СӲ˰ɣѲѾ͵͵÷龳
ӦòڣСҪһˣûҵ뿪ġҪȻ˷һòʧ
ǵҲǣֻСҪλͷ÷龳ʲô˼
ʲô˼ҵСӣϵ㡣ھŷ¡ôè壬ԺҲԹϵòˡ
ԣϵ;˶͵
Ĵ㣬ҪϵʱһЦͻȻλҪϵ𣿡
㣡˿Ŵǰ㣬һ֮ϲԭΪͷڹˡȻû뵽㻹ҳ֡
ôʧˣЦЦ˵̫įԳˡ
ĻĽ𻯹ЦһЩįûŰܲį
ҲֱֱĿ˵ȻԸ֡ǣбϾźһڵѪȴԸԼڣԸͬѪҡĺôĹβģ
ζߵҪҵңҾǴ½ʥ塣½ΨҶҰҵҫȻǳң
ڤ粻飡㿴űͷԵΣһ˵ȻҪҾͳȫǣǸ嶼ףҲʰġ
Ľ𻯹ЦЦûʲôһ仰Ц
ǣȴüͷ㣬֮ڵͻˣ
һ仰Ľ𻯺ŭĻȻֹĿ͵Ŀ㡣Ȼִʱͬʱ쳣ʹΪǣһ㶼㡣վǰһͨһϢûһ˿ɢ
ҪǴܵĻ㡣Ǿ˵
ﵽ˴棿Ľ𻯺ŭɴ˫ۣдŲ֮ɫĸôֲĸļεȿֲȻͻˣ
Ŀ㣬ҪϿһЩߣǵѹ£ޱ仯Ŀˣ
̬ȣȷȷʵͻˣǶһۣ˶ԷеĹ˼ɡԸһܲѣҪʰһ棬ȴҪķѲ
㵱ﵽҫɣĽ𻯶˵ҲǷֵȼġǶﵽ𾳣ָǴﵽԪһһ죡ﵽ棬ҲԶԶȲǡʰ׾١
Ľ𻯶˵ͷ˰Χ㣬ȻЩ˼㣬ȴû̫ĵġϾǶڵȼǿ㡣
ЦЦ˵ȻˣǾͳְɣմ򵽴棬Ҫжǿ
֪Ľ˵Ȼˣͳȫ㡣
˵꣬Ľ𻯱һɹȵдŴϢķƣֲ𶯣ֲ
˿ֲԷȻû֣ʵĽҲδͻ֮ǰ˸ͻ֮ҪͨĴǿ̫࣬пܱҪǿһߡ
ԣ־ԼǿĹȫĵܰѿռ䶼ݡ
⻯ĳЦ㿴ָһĽЦҪҪϵң
ָһâ;һ֮䣬һɹɾ֮䣬飬ָһöԷ
ҲˣһΪǿȻˣǾǿɡ
ЦĽ𻯼ɫ䣬ôҲţʵȻǿ˵ز



844 
оͬʱҧ˵ţһոմﵽˣôǿ
ָһͺĽ𻯣ȴԸšųԽ𾳵ʵĲ֮࣬ܵһ׵Ĳ඼Ҫǿһոմﵽ𾳵ʵѾˡѵܱǿɣ
뵽Լ棬ξͰ˵˷ʱ䡣һ֣ʰˡߣһղ봫˶ѣò¡
ոձ𺳵Ľ𻯣ʱҲָ˵ͷٴӿֳ֣˵һ㣬Ҫ춼Ƶġ
˱ƣҲ˾ﲻԶˡомһҩʦЩҩʦ˾ȻΧ㣬һһܣõ˲
˲˽⣬Ǿȵǣ˺ʮֹ˼Ƶġ£һϼͣļޱȵƱ֮䣬շѹȥ
ÿһԴݻһɽǣȴͬʱԸ㡣
Χ۵ҩʦ̾ϢҲ湻ɱġӵͷȴûʵ۸Ҳ
ǣΪҪʰʱͻȻЦЦءһбһ֮䣬һɻϢ۽ط׭ӿɵۣ˵κһ˵ĵ۶Ҫ񱩼ͣŵ۵ǵأ˺˿
㱩üҩʦ㶣漴һʹĲ۾˴ԭء
Ȼ⼸ʱﵽ˴档
ңԷⱬȻֻǴιӵĶҪǿ
찡Сôģ
Ǳ˵޷ͻƵΪʲôͻƵģ

һڵأ͵Ŀ㡣
һֱֱĺȫĶ˵һ˱񱩻£ķ飬ľأƿգڶһС
Ľ𻯺˱ĵɳȥɫЩ԰ףż˿ѪҺ
ⲻܣξִ󺰣ɫЩΪһ֮ӣԶʮ;ʹﵽ𾳡ڹҲһ
ȴһһƱˣҪŴﵽ棬Լⷽȴǿ߰æ
ûʲôܵģ㶢ŶԷ˵δﵽ治ǵĶ֡Ҳ߹ǣﵽ棬ǵĩա
Ľ𻯺ŭͬɫҰףʱǲ֪㵱ĸһֺεȿֲĲΡ˳ֵĶ֣ǶԷŶôֲԶԷǿԪˡ
찡һմ򵽴ʵܿԪ⡭
ۿһĻҩʦҲĿ⾴ηĿ㡣Ҫ˵ѾݶԷˡ
ܣܣҧݣʹҡͷζԸšǰȻųԽʵ
Ҫɱ㣡η񣬵ӿ׭ϣгһѳǹǹɢļµĹȻⳤǹƷͣڳǹ趯£Էıһ
ֲϯ㣬ǹӰ㸲ǣһǹӰɱ֮ÿһǹҪᴩա
㵱𣿡Цʰ㣬һо㹻ˡ
˵꣬һŤռ䣬ĵ۱㱩֮䣬Ŀռ֮Ҳûһռ䡣ܲͬʱʩչľŵǬ۵пռѾ㡣дŵۣǿ
һŶԷ˹ȥһ£ռѹǶȥǹƿռӡǵµʱ򣬶Էһĺؿڡ
͡
һѪҺ³ؿѪҺɹ¶ѪҺȾͨ졣ռ֮ˡ
ȻʱľŵǬѾǿ˵ĵزͨǿʱſʼֳȻһһĵزЩ롣ǣɱȴɷϡ
Ľ𻯺ŭͺ˵һ𾳵ǿߣȻһжӲסжǿ
ԭ׼һսˣҲûнֵԶߣҪӵһ
ҪӣҴӦӦ
㿴ܵˣһ˺˹ȥһƲ棬֮ûдһǣȴ磬Ƭ̾׷ˡɫ䣬ò뿹סһС
ֻ˱һ£ݿֱӺ飬һǰ˵ıһƺ䴩м
ֱһɨ˵ɨУָ㶯Ѳҽӡ䵽ƿУֶԼĿռ䱦С
һУʮϢʱ䡣磬˴Ͳѡ
ҩʦз˾ξˣʱ֪жǿ棬Ǵﵽ𾳵ȴһжס⵽Ҫôǿ
˿ֲոմﵽ
ԺвϵĻ汻Ըһʰˡ
찡Ǵ氡Уһ޵еĴڣԼ׷һӵľ磡ǣȴ߽ʰ
һŬѹе𶯣˼־塣
ȻЩ˵Ŀ⿴Ρ
ͿԼͬ鱻ɱͺ˵еľֲƣ۾ɵϴʹҪѳȥǣΰѣѲ
վǰϵƣֵİеҪɱңҪɱң
Ϊ徫ӢӣߵﲻֺһȡʹЩʵǿǰи̬ǣһƽһʱȴڱС
ûйӵİֻ֪Ҫסһ
㿴ŶԷˣһƺݺݵĳ˹ȥΪҵӣ㶪ڵ
ǣǣ㲻ҪɱңҪɱңξֵĺҪŹһ
üͷȻöġΣ㲻ͬĽ𻯵ˡĽ𻯵ɱ˾ɱˡǣκʥѪһǱ塣
ȻϲĹΣȴϣ϶Ҫ
һ㣬ֶʩչ˼ҽֹסʵѪҺָһ㣬û뵽ԷУԷĵУ˶Էĵ

һҽУɢԪЩԪɢȻϵƣҲԽԽ
ݣ˿˾ٶһи̾һ˵ϵһ
㿴ŲҽвϵΣ㵭˵ͬһڡղɱ㣬ȥеЩˡʥ嵱ôĹε飬˻᲻ĸо泩
˵⣬˶٣ɿε̱ڵϣȻҪҪΪ㱨𣬱žǣ
˵꣬㶪¼ŵҩϣҲûпԷһۣ뿪
ۿҩʦϽ·ͬһΣһıӰ޵Ŀֲ


845 
ӻ÷龳ֱ֮Ӫȥ֮⡣ҪǺϻԼĻҲ϶ԼϾϺǳҲ뵽Լص
ﵽңٶҲ˲١ңΣҲ˿ҪͻƵĲΡȴһֱ̤һ֪Ҫ߳ʱƿ»Ҫһѡ
㵹ǲżʱٶѾˣͬȼҪʮܱģȻ㲢ΪͷͻƣҲ뿴ңһΣֻǺٶȡ
㣡ͻƵˣӪ۾һϺ˵ǰʱĵһӦûдﵽ档
ĿֱֱĿ㣬ﵽȻܿһߣܿ͹ЦҾ֪С߳һϢŨ񣬺ܻһ˶ܲɢ¶ĵۡ
ЦЦߵϢȻɢҪͬȼ߿Լͨһ
ҴﵽЦ˵
õȷϣݺݵļЦӪ֪Сһġﵽ棬֮ڣɣⶼաڹ壬ҲһٸһЩ£㶨ȻԺЩʥʥŮ档
ĻЦЦ˵ɵǲңǿ̫ˡ
ҡҡͷǲͬÿһԼ̤ģȻߵǰδеĵز
㿴һۣ漴ЦҲϣˣ壬ǵõԴʵű𣿡
ǿȱȲ㣬õĺôȻҪһЩ˶Ԫĵز˵ЩĿ˵˵˵̵ʲôϵ
Щ̲סһ䡣
ȻСӲ֣ЦѹֺϿͬͽϱһչмӡĶˡ
϶ģüͷʮֲ⡣ȻΪϰ̵Ůˡֻһܾǣ̵ġ
ʲôֵúģѵ̵ʣ
벻ס뵽ʦľٶִҪ̼޸ϧƻ顣㵱ʱӦҵԵʣڿΪԼΪǺϵӵԵʡ
ϻ𣿡˵
ǰЩ뿪˵ҪǻһЩʱգ㡣
壡
ЦȻˣôһʱ䲻̲סˣҺúôԸ⣿
㷭˷ۣҲĵ٩Ҹһ컯ǲǶﵽԪٴһΡΣ
ţɻĿ㡣
Ҳͣ˳ָķǰѰ˶ȥ
Ҳɻܸʲô컯Ȼȥ
һȹȹ¶һССȾӨ񣬰ͬ֬һ㣬˵񣬽޶ģ̲סջ
㣡̶֣ż˷ܡ
һƿҲϲˣôģı䲻㡣
ﱻ仰ĵˣ̲סһ
Ŀ⿴̣Цɢַ˵ȻҲϲӵǣӵһǺҪģôҪҪһģҾԲܾġ
ȥЦһҲĺ
һ̸Цһ֮˵Ԫʵȷʵ벻ҪٽһΣ
а취۾һЩ㣬оûôˬֱʵϵԭΪԪ֪Ҫãȴû뵽̶ʱʹﵽˡ
ңܴԲҲָտɴˡﵽܴԲ֮󣬾ٴνͳˡʱ򣬾ܴﵽ档
氡һأ׳
ٺ٣ЦЦͼڳ˶С
һ˳ͼ֮У˺ܿͱС̾Ϣ̫ŨˣƪС磬ܳΪʥڡȻԳΪɾ
Ц˵岻ҪֻſЩ㿴мĺ
һ㶣Ŀ⿴ȥֻǿһۣ̲ס˷ܵʥأ
ииԪ⣬ڴ֮µ˵Ŵáѹ˵ٴνһΡĺȷʵٴͻơ
ȻҲеĶߣ̲סȥǣȥʱ򣬾̲סҽһиֿ񱩵ϣҵѪģ
㿴̲֮סһҵģЧǿǿҲȻֱУ浱Լǽʯɣ
ڨڨЦЦʹ졣
һЩҩСһЩסȫиҰѹе֮ٷſ
ͷŰķסȫŸҲС


846 Ԫ
İȻһЩࡣǣʵ˶£ԪⲻϵûбʵȻﵽ˾ԪĲΡ
ЧҲһΪһθûʲô⡣ǣδﵽԪȴ治ѡ
ͬȣֱֱĶ֮˵һЩ׵֮ѾԪϣɷ򡣡
ɷ򣿡һ㶣ʵŴ棬޷͸仰Ҳɿ
˵ͷ˵۳ķȻǿǱϾŷ֮һ˵μֱ׾١֮ⷨǿ
ĻҲޱȡҲ벻оȻ˵ԺˮܳΪһʥȷɳԴһȵ۾ĴڡΪһСĽʡ
һСƿߣСġγɼѣҪһʡȾҪԼķ֮һСγɵʱ򣬻ķ֮Щ֮뵽СУΪСĴҪСУ̫ܡ
ʹСγʱ۳֮Ҳγֹ뵽С硣û뵽ǣޱϸϣȻ֮
һСһʣӵһӵз֮СԼ꣬ҪС췣һĽʾǰҪԴٵĺҲܣȻһʧܡ
㲻ͬӵףֻҪʱٵʱԼ״ڣȫס١ԣѵһѾˡ֮ѾųΣֻҪ׳ñͷۣС飬˵ʲô顣
ΪһʦҪһֱ꣬׾١
ڱǧѵȴ׵뵽Щ̲סϲӵһʴʲôԼһ۾ıڡӵľͷºδȥ
̼һɵЦ̲סһ㣺Цʲô
ûЦȻ˵
һǵĿˮ
̵ĻϽһѣԼôɣȻˮˡǵһ֮󣬾̲סһЦõĿ̣ȻЦ̬
֮ⷨ죬ܳΪʥأдܵõĪôЩĽСӴﵽ۾ɽţһЩ»۵ֻ̣һҲ˵
ĻЦЦ˵Ϊô򵥡ĵӦúɡʵҲﵽͷɡǣɲһҶѣ壬µĻۣʵͿԵġ
ЦҲδأֻҪ㹻ǿ˭㣿
㷭˷۵ûǿ޵𣿵껪ʥ嶼ΧˡҪԼŭʵǿҪΪ嶼ѡ
Ȼ黹ңԶδﵽ۾˭ҿ飡
ﵱȶھԪʱСĴҲʲôЧҲڷд弤ϵʹķ飬ȡһװԼסǰ˵طҪҴﵽԪ壬ź
ʲôҲ˵һźݺݵ˹ȥҪ
Ҳǹ̬ܱһţǵЦȴβס̶ʱ䣬ʹӴܴﵽԪ塣ȻȲȴ԰Ӳˡ
ڵֻҪŬܴԲ֮ٴνأõһ׶εĴУ뵽ˡ
һص۶˭ˬ˭ЦʥʦҲѣҪǰᣬǡ

Ļ㲻ٿȻһ߷ϣʵͽ㶮ʲôʥʦǴûҲǺ۸ġҪȻҶǡǵļ壬ҪǿǺͻҹϵǳҪǶǡ𶼲ñס㡣
ٺ٣ڨڨЦⲻ˵Ц
֪ͺãﶢ˵ûô򵥡ǿƣȻȲ϶Ĺ塣ǣһĹԱȲǡ˵ˣ͵£ʵҪǿһ
仰㵹Ȥ˵壡ʵҵǼ֣ҽСʵ׶ǿ
Цҵ˶졣㽭õҽϵĴУʵܱ㸸ײڹȴҲǺպ˸ǡʵ۲һȻڻʵжǿﵽͬȵȼȻ֪ˡʱҸǣҲ֪еĲࡣ
ĻʼЦѹֻߵıˣȻ˵ײô׻۵ԴҲ൱ɹ۵ģû˴⣡
Ц岻Ǵ۹𣿻㣬ԺԻҵʱҲҪСһЩȻҵûʱ㵱ġǣʵ۵֪顣п϶һ̡Ҫٴ̼˵̲סˡ㹥ʹƻʹ˶һЩҷĵҪףЩǸ˿ġĻҾڻһλС
ڣ㾪ȵһλˣ
ţʥʦƿصľеλڣʵҪ㽭ǿܲʤ㸸ףҾͲö֪ˡ
Ļ˵ͷе𺳻ҵ뵽ָԼĻһ˵һȺͶﵽŰһʵ׼ֱˡȥңܱȡʲô㣿
ĻЦһԴ˵֪Сʲô뷨ҪʧˣҶԶȡ۹ɽûʲôȤܼҵЩָֻ̣ܼҵĻԻͶѡ
ĻֹһϧˣԭһҪĻҺͺϰ㡣ûˡ
ҡҡͷ˵۹ܼøҵġ⽭ɽûȤֻϣܼҲа䡣߸ӣŵȴֻܼҵ档ֻҪҲҾˡ
˵⣬˵ԣõĵͳҪ淢ȱ˵ģ˶飬ҪΪܼҶߣҾͲ֪ĶʲôõġҾͿկͦõģȵȳȥͰˡ
ףҡ
ʲô㣿һҪҵġȻŭˣ˵ϣСȴһŮϡ
Σ̶͵ЦѡȻկסھӪȴǺྴֱҧ
ȡһҩݸ˵õģȥɣ
ŭˣô侮ʯֵ
ȴЩ˵ϲ˭ܼҵѪ㶼øȥ
ȻЩ켤ŭŭֱȥ׼ǿӲֶΡ


847 
뿪㿴ߵ̣ȫ磬ę۳һջߣ̬촽ɢźĹ촽󣬺žϣʮֽޡ
ҪҪȥ˵
̿˿ǰĺˮҧҧ촽˵ȳȥ
ոʱǷ֣ԼȥǱ㡣Լ㿴һΣǲԸٱ㿴һΡ
ţΪʲôɻĿ̣ĵȴ͵Цʱʱ㵹ûз㡣ֻ̱һ飬˹ԣԼһΰľ
ҪԱߣﾾȥȥ
̬ɫ˺죬һۣ֣쵰֪ģȥ
㷭˷˵ңҪͼ˭ģҾȥ͸¶һЩȥȥʲôϵҪǣҳȥ֮ȷܵסźĴ񱩣ѹһЩҪˣЧȲɱҡ
Ļ㶣Ķ㣬ҧ촽ǲ
Էˣֹ˼˵ʲô㿴ǡ
˵ʲô͵ŭ۵˵˵һ飡
˵ʲôˣϽ˵˵ҪǲǾͳȥҲûʲô˼
˭Ҳˣ̵˫ӿ㣬Ҳ֪ǲǾ䷴˵Ļ̼ǱģһȹƮȫסԼ뵽С
ںУˮȹȹ˲˲١ԭڵĳȹѿǾӨͬ֬ļ¶ںˮУˮӨ͸Ŀ
ȹźˮƮֳľӨ֣ʮֵ˵۾㿴һĻоЩѪڡ
ˮĳϵĳȹԽԽ٣еҲԽԽ࣬ӨĹ󣬳Ȼ󣬾ԳŮ˵ķϡ㶼Ҫ顣
̼ˣҲ㣬ǱŽȹҪλֵֻ̲֪̬ӵջˡ
쵰㵽װﲻңŭһࡣ
ŷӦѹסͷڻ棬ָһְǣ塣
Ĵ£һʼ壬һ£ҲȫͶСҲϽеĺ£һжʧĸɸɾ
ǣˮжʱһӨͬʯŹȻĽǰ͹ˮиΪԡͦεɽ壬Өͬ֬ѩһͷʪɢĳ޳Ĵȣܿشǵɫ
еһУ޷ֵջ
ǿȵѪǰʶڿʱԷˮĺëܿȫһ޷סġ
ƴʩչѹзڵѪӡǣ塣һ£̵ϢҲȫе̣֪һж¶ˡ
һĴ̵ʵϵȴԽԽֲսãһûյսˡʹԸɱٵʱ򣬶Ȳա
ģһ䣬ֻǿţʱͲȥ̣ϾԷͻơ
һһ붼ͬһ̵ϢҲԪĵزﵽԪһĥҪˡ
ǣ̲סЩʧ䡣
һ͵۾㣬ȴʱԲѩ
̼һڿնȥгһס
ԷˣӰ֮ס̵֫
̱סҲ˷͵ĽӲٴ뵽ˮУˮĳ˲ķ飬̺޿϶һ
̵ȫ糺죬֪ǱˮĻΪԼɬ糺ȴ쳣ΪȾ˼
쵰ſңӰŲһ㣬ȴû
㿴һ̴̣ʱĺ٣糺һƬ£̵Ķ˵ȷҪҷſ𣿡
̱㴵ȶȵĺˮȫһҧ촽ȴû˵
ˣȻɿϸ֣֫׼ڿûա
ǣֻδ뿪̵ľӨС־һ㣬ɫ޵ļܵγˮһ۷֡
쵰Ҿ֪㲻ģ
ٴαס̵һ䣬΢۾ɢŹ󣬺촽ޱԸеϢ
Ҳ̲סſܵĺˮճһƬյأͷ̵촽˹ȥ
̱ס˫ҲĲ֫ЩȵĻӦ㡣ȻֻЩѹƲסʹ˫ͬѹƲסĵ׵鶯
ȻЩ񱩣ڼ˵ĵһûжᣬ̵޳ȣЩ³û뵽һŢڣʪƵġ

ȻľٶЩܲˣİס㣬˫ȽǶ㣬ҶüͷѾһš
־ٶͣſ΢ӣˮҧ촽촽ѹӡҪɱҰ
̻֮ɿüͷ𶯣Կ
˵꣬㣬ٴο񱩵̣ʼƶʹĸоʧתüͷȫչ϶˼졣
㱻̰ţЦãỤֻ̄̿ơ
һǿȻСˣ

Ȼ״̬ûг̫ãӦ֮ܿͷΪСĺףһŮ֮ľս
еˣûз֣ǵΧһɹɵϢ͸Ҳһ˿˿ĵӿ֣˸оǣһӿ֮䣬Ȼû뵽̵У̵ȫգûΪǵ۶ܲˡ
ͬģ̵ϣϢɢϢɢ֮󣬶û뵽СУСУȻı仯
رޱ̫Ȼͬʱ֣ɢϢ
ͬʱޱҲ͸ϵû뵽̵У̵Ⱦһ㵭ɫɫĵ۽̵ϢȻڻ
ϵķ׭Ҳǰвķ׭Ȼеĺ
龳Ȼûз֣ʱѾѹ̵ęˣĺӡߣ繭γĳ
ĳ£̾ŬҪѹԼĽȴѹƲˣԷſС磬˵һ
ȻҲŢĸЩԣȫУܵĴ񱩵ĳһУؾֻʣǰޱȣȻ޶˵Ůˡ



848 
ˣ̾Өϳһ죬ںˮϣ̧֮䣬Ļɢ;ںˮϣøողŰ㣬Щˡ
Ů˱֮֮ǰַ¶㾪ȵǣ̵ʵʱѾﵽ˾Ԫ塣ң̵ŵ۵ӿ֣ϵĵ۾ȻԼżʶ
̼㶢ɫκǰһۣܵѹĳŲ֡վһУһϣ档
ȴ֪¶㲻
Ҳ֪̲ʺսѹסеѪ˵ûз֣ŴϢ
ôһ˵΢΢һ㶣ŸоԼͬ·ֻҪ̤һ̤뵽ϣĺشи
ô£
ҡҡͷҲȣ̽һԼԼʵûϵĵȴ㣬£ʱϳֵķ׭ǿҲǿ˲١ʱģ㿹ס߽״ܼҲ˲֡
ĵۣԼڵ۵ƿظΪ죬һͷ֮䣬֮Լ趯
ѵһξĺôɣҪȻΣ㿴˵
Ļ˷ۣɫ糺죬ûдĺֻҲɻ󲻽⡣뵽ʦȢѵ㵽㣿
ܹͳ˵ϱĴǣʱĴҲӡϣʲôŽпִܽӡӣͻеƿ߳Լ·
һܴе˵ǲ˼ġ
ͱﵽܴԲͲŽԼͻƵ档Ϊȱ˵ܲͻƣͻƣͻĴҲȻеĵͳȻбҪͻֱӼ̳еͳǸ򵥡
ڳֵǣȻűĴϢĴһģһ
ôģĵ𶯣֪ʲôͻƵͳƣǶ顣ͷҲΪͻƲ˵ͳƣδܴ
ҡҡͷҲоĪԭǻµʱоźͱŮûе泩ԭˣ
ӦʵԵʡǶ֪ҺǣЧѵʻʲôܣɻ̡
㶣뵽ԼʦԼ̬ȡһЩŹ֮ҲԽԽʦʲô
Ҳ֪ȥ֮һʦġһ
ô˵ЦˣǺ£
ĺ£ǲǸףһ£㿴˵ֳ̹ŵ
Ҫ
֪˶˵Ů˵ĲҪҪԣҶġ˵
쵰
̺ҧһǺܿͱ촽ס̣Ĺ£̺ܿͰһ𣬽֮䣬һ¡

һûͬһβû״ϵĵҲûб仯ֻЩѣ̵Уվһս
ºͬһţɢջ̣һ˵쵰Ҫٸңɱ㡣
ݺݵһ̵ƨɣĳ˼ӡһղϷ˲ɣ
̼ЦãҲ˵ֻ뵽Լʦ𵱳ıȢ벻㻹δȢͱԸԳˡ
ҪǸҲȢң͡ҧݿ㡣
̲סһʱ̵ֻĽȻȴͷӡҪϼһ֪Լͽܳˣⷢӣ
ϼһһ񲡣ҪǽⷢӣǷơ뵽⣬̲סĵð⡣
ŮǺãºذ
ϵɽһЦ˳һ˵˵˵ʲô
ڨڨЦЦҲ˵ʲôĵȴô̲ܺԼʦ
ʱ̰ȫá㻹ӣĿռ䱦ȡһ㴩롣
Ŵͼ֣ͼ뵽УйɹԪӿ뵽ڣ
ﵽ֮ԪѾֲҲΪ⣬ٶҲʮֿݣ

Ӫٴδһܣһܵʱ䣬ûٱȥѵ仰ǴڽӴѵҲھӪˣ˳ȥ
ӣȻֻ֮ǰǸһڿΡ
ڿЦ£˳ȥȻһ·֮ٲ̵Цկ޺һͬУֻҪɱ˵УŴ顣
Ȼﲻ̴֪ʱѾչֲΣҪȻ϶ᱻ̵ЦôǱ
ǱУһžǸȥնȵǡ
ǣֱ̿ӽǣǶɻ󲻽⡣
Сˣٺ٣ԣ㶮ġҵᷴ༥
̿㣬Īɫ̲ͬСŮҲ¶ΪŮŮĳ졣
ŶﻹСˣ˭̵ʵ
ȻһЦͲ֪ˣСӵҶ˼ҶС㲻˵ذֵǣ͵Сĺϴ衣ٺ٣Сˣ͵λ
Ļ޲
Ȼ̵ɫ֮ǰÿݺݵһȻ쵰ϲ͵Ůˣ
·ѩԩҪԼ͵ҲͰˣǲСϵġ
ȴζɫŹ֣ѵҲ㿴
ɫ˲䱻Ѫ죬ŤͷҿֹǿСӸĲˡ
ŶѹˣЦ·ҵƵģҵǶി࣬ԭҸֹϵ㰡㣬ֱģ
һźݺݵ˹ȥЦı졣
ûйǣȥʱǳǰԱҲ֪ʱİ緢չĶôǿˡ
㾡棬ȴû׭Ѿжٷ׭ͻذˡʵķ׭ǿߡҪϴطܱЧ
֮У֪˴ﵽûС
룬û˴ﵽܣƾŰʱԴһЩܽҲʲô¡
ȻǺǿڳС쳣ġϾĴ
ֱǳȥΪȻû
¥ˣ͸Ͻӭӣ㣬ҲЩ˷ܵĺ
ɨһֵʵʵҲﵽ˺졣Ҳ֪õʲô
ǺǣʵչĲ
ЦЦ˵λ̫ˡ
۾һҲڣ
ոûм죬ǻβϵ¥û뵽¥ȻԼˡЦ


849 
㣡ڻˣո߹ݺݵĴһȭޱȡ
㿴һۣһȺ˶ڣˣ˱ϢҪĶࡣɿ͸Ǵˣʵȴﵽ˴ܸ߽ףǸǴﵽ˾ԪﻹҪǿһ
ȻڴǵʱǼҲ㣬ܿ;ȲѵĿ˵ﵽˣ
Ц˵ܴﵽ棬Ϊʲôܴﵽ
ϵĻĿ͵ۣƬ̵ʧ֮󣬴Ǿ͹ĴЦããλˡҲǿǿ֧š
һܵˣлмܣ㾪ȡ֪ǴģЩΨȱٺΰߵֵ¥ΰأ
¥ʹﵽ˾Ԫ塣ʱȥĵͳң¥ľ񡣡
ô˵ŵ˵ͷΰ˵ҪʱӦ˵ҪæԽʱΰûԼӦˡ
ϹҲһ壬ֻֻ֮ʣºΰһҲ֪һԴж٣Է䣬֮ΰһ˵Ļΰ϶Ҳ
ܸ̽һʶʵǿҲȲѣ̸Ц˿ҪҲ˼
ڴĻ㲻ɷãȴûش
̺˴ͣһȺ˵ʵѾʮֲˡǿԳưԵ
ôǵ۹ˣ㿴Ŵֵ˵
˵ǱߵѾ;Ի۾ۡǺǣû뵽ҡһˡ
֪ݶ˵ܸ̫İ˵
ͷΪ֪Լʵ޶ġûнҵԴŻﵽܾȡҪȻҵԴﵽס
һ˵һЩ顣֪ǲģ㡣
˵ͷﵽЩ⣬Ҳܱ
ȻһЦҪܴﵽʵİɿһЩ
ĻЦ˵ô˵ɣʲô㣿
ٺЦҲõΣЦʱλߡҺΰʱͳ϶Ҳܽ˴ﵽ档ڴǣһشﵽܴԲϹɱһλǿߵĵͳҲܴﵽ档һǰĸˡڴܣ¥Ѿʮ֮µߣʤˡԳ½һĲΡ
ɱڴУ۾һŴ˵˵ΪʲôɱǿԭܵɱڵͳϹɱԱϡ٣ʱҲֻ߸ˣǸ֪ǲǣ
ͷҽܵĵͳɱ֮ĵͳǺʹֱλǿߵͳɱڻĸͳڰɫѡѡʱġ
Ļ˵ͷֵͳϵĵ̣ȷʵ
֮УȥһЩصĴңȷʵܵסǡУҲⲻǾܿн硣ĸ治ֻǸմ򵽴档㿴Ŵ˵Ҫ벽һ͵и߽״ʵﵽˣ
쿴һ˵ɣ԰ɱԸĻ𾳣Ҳǰȥɱ
仰̺ɴ۾ĿŴ죬дŲšʲô۾޵еĴڡͱʿһλʥӣε£˭Դ
ǰˣȴԸҴɱ𾳡
Ҳû뵽ǿֵزһ֮Цãã㶼ѵһʲô𣿱Ȼմ򵽴棬¡ɱ
ŵĻðĿⶼת㣬ɫдŲšһһ𾳵ԿԿԽĸȼԿ𾳣ǲǿЦ
ǣȴ㡣һܾҴеﶨȻŷǷ֮Ȼ˵ܾɱµǾ;Դˡܣһ𾳵Ĳ𣬶ڱ˵صĲ
Ǵﵽ棬ɱĻĴҲгɹʡںΰսս£ҲԳһĴ档ԾֻǸմﵽ棬ȴԳΪһмᡣ˵
̺ʱѾͣ㶵ĿһȺˡ֪ôֲȻЩڵʵǿǱɱڵĵͳĵͳκһϹŶ𺳣ȴۼһ֯ܣ֯ʱż档ǼʱգǳԽڶ塣
ر̿źվһǱӵĵͳټУⰵǱҪٴηһ
һԴҪԶԶǡɱԤĴ룬ҶóǹҲȲϵԴ쵭˵
ɱڵϲɱƣȻʱֻˡǹ֪ƶˣһĹǱȲϵġңɱڿ۵ģǷƷ
ЦʱãɱڵԴóҲáң壬ǵԴУԸãԴⷽ棬Ѿڹˡǿˡ
ãóԴϲ
ǵݣԴⷽ浹ǲõĵġҵĵûжǿߣĵ̡˵
ûǷչˣֻ뵽н硣˵ڶǿߣֻˣǶǱˣѰĳԽҲǲܡǣ߲һԶ޷׳󡣡
ôûУŴ˵Ҫн磬ȻᱻܶΧˡ
Ͻʺǣ˵Ŵǰ򣡡
򣿣Щɻ
ǧǾȥҲ̫˵⡣˷СϽЩط紵ݶܷ֣ҪǳһţϾͳΪ֮زز˵ҪǣҪ֪ǰ֮һЩŸǻɱǡһСţҲ˵⡣
˵⣬˶˵Ҷ̻Ҫ׳ҲҪн硣йԴŴԴܴʱԴ㹻ǽܻߵġҪҶ̻еԴԴԴϵĲԴǳ֮
Ҷ̻᣿ЦѵѾˣ
̫Сˣֹǻҡн磬ҲССĽס
Ŷ㵹澪ȣ벻ƿ̻᲻Ҷ˼
Ǿôɣ¥ɽΰΰȫȨˡͷӦ仰̲סѿһۡҲ֪㵽ǶԺΰεֵز
¥飬ҲԸʡͷ˵Դ飬Ļķ׭һЩ
ͷ漴˵һٸһϢϺͰĸ߲㶼ǰһǴһʵʵȻٴһΡ


850 Ϸ
ʱУСĺˮǵ壬Щ߲ĴܣŴǴǴˣʵҲ˲١ʵﵽԪ޼ȴﵽ˾Ԫ塣
ãã쿴ĸ߲ﶼʵ˼Σ̲ס˷ܵĴЦ
ȻӵС£ʮּʲôŽҪߵĲΣӵһʥءСԪŨ񣬱һĹʥضҪǿ١
㣡ҪϽ۾ﵽ۾ҰƲɵ˷ܲѣеȾˣǷȱľǶǿߡ
㷭˷ۣԼһ𾳵۾ǧԶԶҪﵽ۾֮ѡ
Ҫ˵ﵽ۾Ӧܸﵽ㿴Ŵ˵ʱʵѾ˴߽סӵеͳҸɡﵽ۾Ҫװٱ
ҡҡͷ˵ûǾӵеͳҲҪʱͳﵽ۾Ҳô׵ġҪȻЩʥӣʹﵽ˴Բ֮Ϊʲôṳ̂һ̤ͷС۾еҪѴﵽԽ棬ͳͻ
˵⣬̾һЩӵеͳһ޷ﵽͳ˵ľ磬ǰ·ϣߵ˾ͷʱ򣬵õͳһ¡
ĻЦ˵⻰ö˺޲һƳǰ֪Ŷ˼Ľ𣿺ˣҶŬɡ̵ʱﵽ۾Ǳ˵һСǹ壬Ҳ鷳
˶֮ʹ̸ϸ֮󣬾ͺǷֿ̣ȴš֪ʲô⣬֪ݵĴ죬Ǻ޲ð뵽С
ڴľٶҲԣΪһһ£Ƽ밵󲻴󡣿ɴκƣܼ밵ġ
ΪʿὫʥŮôһ֯
ʹ뿪ŲǰҶ̻ڴҶ˼뿪֮ûһ˿ϢҲ֪ôˡ
뵽Ҷ˼˵һλܸоҪֲõԤҪųȥȴʼհѲˡ
ʱԤлٻһЩ飬ﵽ澳ʹϺ󣬼Լǵֹڤڤ֮е΢ĺӦ
ָоеģоЩ˼顣ھӪʱʹ˵΢ϵֻдﵽ۾ӵԼķʱ򣬲Żû˵Ǹеġ
оֻܹڲͬ
ãȴڵ档Ϊı䣬ӵһЩҲ顣
ǣ뵽Ҷ˼ֵָоʮֲ
㣡
̻ᣬһö㿴˹ȥǰվһŮˣɬŮҪĶࡣһɫȹĽУȹ¶ļѩҲĳǰ͹ӵʮֿŵߣɴѩʣֻ˼ǿƣվ
ѾŲٸıŮӣĿ⼯еϣЦ˵Ҷ˼ߵʱ˵Ҫҡ벻ȴˡ
ѿҲɱɬ꣬һ޵ЦݣЦ̻˿̲סޣһʧѡǻûܹԼĻ᳤˾
Ҳѿ㣬ǰ壬ΪԼ֮ǡǺһϵ飬ԼĺĵˣתһϤܰʱ㣬ӿֵĲǺޣһּΥѵġ
𵱳һĻĻѵ˼벻ͣһУһȹ¼վǰꡣ
Ҷ˼Ϣ𣿡㿴ǰŮ޾ͬ
ҡҡͷҶ˼һֱûϵңǲһЩǿǰңҪȻʵҲŵô졣
ѵĻһ֪
㲻˵ѻ̻˳ȥο˵Ҷ˼ӦɣҪȻʧôõġ
ǺǣЦ˼˼лָ˵ͨҶ˼ˣ֪ܲҶ˼
ţѵͷĽëգ˼£ʮֵöġ
뵽Ů˺Ҷ˼ԼչϵǳƿĿ⣬ѹиոյĲ
ƺľٶϳһ糺죬ЩڸƵ˵ʲôʱȥ
˵̻û뷨ǵȥ㿴Ц
ѵͷϽн඼״̬̻ᷢչΪǧСʤʺ̻УֻԴҺͷۣ˵ɱڵԴ
֪ʲô˼ʹȻнʣǲ̫졣ԴŲֽţ
ûϵԴԸ룬ΪԴ˵
ãѾȻûУֱӾʹӦ
ѵ־ٶ㵵ĿԭΪѷԼҲɫɫ
ôˣŹֵĶ޵˵
ҡҡͷѾ۾ȵĿ⿴ѣɫĺ룡Ȼ࿴ѵһˣ׼ˣ
ȥץߵһ飬ݺݵҹȥɫ죬ȾһΣʮֵˡ
ٺ٣Ůվ˼Ϸ̫֣ЦЦ˵ǸͺáҪȻ¼Ԧס㡣
쵰һ䣬Ҳ֪Ϊ㻰˼Ϊġ
ʲô£ҪûеĻȥɡһ顣ѿ˵ŲԼЩˡ
ҡҡͷһѣĿͣǰͦδ˵Ҳ㲻СǻûеһߵĵزҪٴһЩܻˡ
ţѻûӦ
˵Ҹһ취϶׳ģǾǶԼûáҪ˰æҪҪĻԽңΪ񡣻ʧ
ע⵽аЦĿĳһڷӦץߵĶͺݺݵŶԷ˹ȥǻδҹȥûټ
ܵĿ죡Ѷݺݵ˵ȴĿԼǰ
쵰СˡȻȲҶ˼㣬ȴҲСϹĹ۰ɡ
Ѷݺݵ˵һ䣬һЦ쵰ϲԼǰһˣߣ´Ҷ˼ʰ



851 ɵ
ʹоڰϸڣżҲһЩ츳İԱǰС塣ȻûҲѴֻŮˣԼֿò½˲١ر뵽ԷҶ˼յݣϷ̫֡
װɣ̾һŮôͲԼأ
оʱ򣬰ȴһϢ
Žһɵٴοˣ
һϢɫˣһֱҴɵ⣬Ϊֲ̫Եȴźϻһǰû뵽ǣδȵˡɵȻٴγ֡
ģûˣһ˾񽣵ϢϢ֪ڣɵ֣ѰˣҲ𲻵ˡ
뵽ʦĹسֵļ̨вŵĻʥǱضҪõ񽣡
֪ʲô⣬׼ü˵ǰɵ֣̫ˡںܶ˶֪һ̨ҪĻʥƿһɵ֣ǲȶž񽣶ȥ
ͷ˵ǲɱģˣҲҪȥһʥҪڱУ޷ԭԼ
üе仰˼ϾʵʥѪ
ȵȺǰ㸸ǣڣõʥѲ󡣡
Ҹ׺ͺ֪ĻȻǰġԣȸϹȥ¡ž
˼ᶨȻ˵ʲô˵ͷǴӦѯʴȥȥȻģһڰķչеܾ롣
Ҳ֪ҪæŰ飬ûʱġҲǿһŽڵء
еʱѾӰˣǰǻҴɵȴϣɵкһˮ
ɵ֣Žǿ˲٣ס˲ˡǣһ˵ȴʲôֱƿһ󷨡ֶΣŲĿɿڴҲͬϲһ񲻶ǰ
ֻ˵ٶ̫죬ֻǸһ֮󣬾ʧ˵ټ

ھŽϤܿ͵˵ɵֵλáشϢɵھŽɽۣɢҫ۹ԡһԴɢɵ֮⣬Ѿ˲ˡȴûһ˸ҿ
ɵ¶Ľݹŷ嶼ǿ߶֣ȴûнɵ͵ƾǣ˲㡣
￴Χɵȴŵˣ˵ô죿
˵ȣԽ֣ԽкôǵõϢȻϹʱǾˡ
ĻϢھŽһŴϣĵȴ
ԸȣԸȣɿ𣺡ɵǿ˶࣬һһĭ͵һ֣ɵţɵ俪Σ
һ仰ʱ˵Ӧ֪ɵĭ͵ġҲԸż˵ʵܺ俪ɵĴš
λˣʵǿȷΣ
˵ĿⲻɿһһվһСˣһȺʵÿһŴܵʵңΪ׵ŵӿȻﵽ档
Ľݹ;塣㿴⼸˵Ĵţüͷһû뵽Ľݹ廹δġ忴Ǵ񽣵ˡҲǣ˭֪ܿһ̳Ϊʲôõ
ɨһܣܻвǿߺһһȴʱ֡Ϊ񽣺ͼ̳ջ̫ˡʹΪͷܵסջ
ȻλѾˡ˾һȷ档һ˵˵֮ڵƱֲƱ֮䣬Ԫĵӿ뵽Уӿ֮䣬޴޴֮䣬ռΪ֮𶯣Ťء
ǿ֣߳Ȼţһû뵽޴֮У޴ϵ׳ƴбһ𶯾ŷơ
ûԽԽ࣬ش׳ɴСһ׳бشܳܵļޣһĴϢб
䡭䡭
һĵ۳ĵӣ˴һĻ˵һѣȰɵ俪˵ȥ
ֹ˼֮⣬ȴ£Ҳ뵽شУⲻǿߵİԳ֣һԪ͵۵ӿ룬شѾ֮شз񱩵¡
ߵشͳԽ˴еȻûзĲǵʮ涥Ȳش
䡭䡭
˿ŷ죬صԶӴ˳ȥ֪ȵȺɵľҲǻصģܳܡ
ȻΪȷǿҲܲɫ԰ףҧǰһƣͳɵȥǵӰҲߣӴܶȥ
񱩵ûǣ˲񱩵ĳһŽɽһɽ屻ƽ۳ɵȥɵǰһжΪƽء
䡭
µһƬȿֲĿռѷ֣𵴳㶼ľľҪɵ
ɵϣɵĴź¡¡ɵĴϣһѺ۳֡
شľ޴ϵĴţڴŴռѾŤŴŵѺ۳֣ԶԶһĻߣס
ꡭ
һ죬ɵĴڱ˿һϢɨϯķķһжѣɨһУشҲʵķ顣
ҵǣ㵽һĻԶԶɵܿһĻ
˿ɵӿֵƣԷһۣ˶ԷĺȻ֮ɫ
ŰãһŰ£ɵڻָƽųŭйƵġ
ȥ
бĸɾһ˺гȥ˵񽣱ضҪõ֣ҪǣɵлǾʥ
˿ž˽ȥûмһŴšǲȾ壬ɵֻбûǵʥòЦ
ǣ˽ȥ֮󣬲ҲûΣաһ̲֮סžĲɵ֮С
ɵԽԽ࣬ȴûе鷳̲֮ס˵ҪҪȥ
ҡҡͷҪðգϵ˵ɵ˼ɼ֣ȻΣգֻǴʱΣû¶ѡֻҪȡ񽣣ûҪðա
˵ΪûиоɵУǸо硣
ԼĸоԸɵɵűıⶼû̫Ĺϵ


852 
ɵûգ˶ӿУҲʱʱĴһ󾪺гֲٵıĳ֣ԭеɱƴᡣ
ɵûΣգ˵ɱɵѪɺӡ
ʱʱֵϢһ˿Ϊ;վɵ⣬ɵӿӿ
͡
һ˵ȴʱһɵмżҽ֮һѳŵӿǣ𵴣ɱȻ

￴żĳ۾һ㺰㣡ʱûгֵıѳʺϡ
㶨ۿȥĽѩĺƵģΪ𵴳һɽ塣ԵҲһ
ԼĵۼΪ񱩣Ϣʮ㣬ҲΪʺı
ﵽ֮һıͳܲס񱩵ҪܵõȻʵٴһΡ
һֱûгֵ㣬ʱ弤ѳץ˹ȥ
ҪץʱһӰͬʱų˹ȥñҪˣ
Է񱩣ɫ˱䣬͵Ťתܿ˶ԷԷϯȥҲϢ˺ѣߣܿ˵Ķȡ֮ɹļµĽ֮䣬һƿ֮
ûٶѳĿ⿴ǰһߣһֻ۾ڲţڲŵ۾һ˰̣˰Щϴʱӿֵƣͬӵ߳ħһ
ѳҪˣСӣ㻹Ǳ⡣˰߶㣬˵֮˰䶯Ƕ˼
±е߾֮Цǰȡߣȡ߾ǡ
Ļ˰߹Цȡ㿴
˵꣬ٴϯӿų˹ȥ״Ҳ˿żĻԭգŵۣϢռѳһһ飬˰ߵϣϯƣ޷
ɵ֮׷ڳԱߵʱһֹסŲи߶˰߾ڵߣ
찡ȻǶߣʮǰһ棬Ǳչôγˣ
ˣԵ˭Ȼҵסߣѵʶ߲ɣ
ߴһ׵ӵܣʱڱһɱȫңȻӵһ۾Ҳٵˡֻǲ֪Ϊʲôʵͻͽʮǰһ֮ɱһӵдڵšɵȻĴ
ǲ֪ߵغ񣬸ҺĴ

̿˵ۣĿҲ̲סߣüͷһԵʵôˣ
ʵһǧǰȥʿͻнߺֹ˶СʿҲһȻ㲻þͷ𾳵ʵҲ˾ˡ
ôǿҲ㶣źͶԵ㣬ԣµɱӦòְɣ
̵˵ͷϣ˰ɣϾֻһ𾳣𾳵ﻹѹġ
ĿƵĶ㣬㵲סԷ֮ͷҲ΢΢Щ裬ԷϢʮ־ˡȻδﵽ𾳣𾳿϶еġǲ£Ҳ̫Сӣ
߱סжЩȣԭΪԼǰѵǰ걬ʵȻҲʮֲֿԼʮþȵһУȻס
߶ЦСӣҾȣǾ仰Ҫģ˭Ҳߡ
㶢ŶԷһŶԷЦҲһ仰Ҫģͬò
񱩵ŵۣ޴ƣԽռľ룬ųֱֱץ˹ȥٶȿ磬˲͵˳Ͽա
ߣЦòģ
˵꣬һᵲȥ
䡭
۳ľ޴ƱԷס޻εײһƬݣľһɽ壬ֲѹ£Ϊ֮ĺ
Ǵ𣿿鰡
˭ȻҲǴ棬ʵߡ

һѣͬʱɳȥˣоޱȡ
̺ͬͣ˵µɱۿһ𾳵ʵɿ𾳵𾪡ǻǵһϣոմﵽһ𾳵ܴﵽ˵ز
üͷҲ͵һĿֱֱĶ㣬ò˼顣
ǰҲ㶢ŶЦǰҪֻĻͰⳤȡˡ
㻰ŭ˶ߣȻ㿰ǶʰȴġԼڴ꣬ԷжꣿͿ飬ҲʰԷ
Բѣ
ߺһֲƽһḥ̂ſ񱩳ͬˮռ䶼ǣ۲У˷ϯȥһ·
ЦɱĴ˿ûסϵĵڱ˳ϵĵ纣Хһſ񱩵Ļ
˵۳֣öɫ䣺ܣôŨ񱩵Ĵ֮
ǣûиش֮ڶԷϣԷͬһױķ顣ԷһȻױˡ
߱ĵдźȻ֮ɫŵĿ㡣
̵Ҳ͵Ŀ㣬Ȼĳ߶ȫˡǣǶȫǱ׵ˡǿֵز
֮£ѲܾɱɣһС̫ˡֻ֪֪һ𾳻뷨
ر뵽ո㱬ĵֱһɴݿĻϢ˿ɵƵġ
ĵ̫ǿˣѹʦҪԼĴȫǻ˵
ǰȻ·ǱͲˡЦӰųȥ
ɫһٱ䣬ȴҳ֡ԷĵȶԷۣԼĵ۾ͬϸһ㡣ԷǸ˿ҪԶļ͵Ķ࣬δ𾳣˭۵Ķ֣
Լ൱ڵһߵĲϾ˳
ڳϣųѹȥɫ͸ѿĳʺȴСˡ
㱬һɹǳȥϾǵѹķһɹɽļ
ŵ۵ʹҲСӡ̵Ҳ˫֣ʵǿǵҲôѹġҪǲͷĻһ𶼲ᱻѹ
ȻҲ֪㣬ҲΪӿۣѹ


853 
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͵ĽײһĥԷĽǵȴʼӿ벻Уɹɿ˿һĿ
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˵עУһط׭ӿһط׭ӿ֮䣬бɹɵۡ
֮֮Ŷͨ򣡡
Ļĵӿֳͬˮֲ£ǵر֮صбһ
Ǻͱ˵۲ͬϵͬʱһȵĻɻϢ𵴶߸оĩһ㣬ҪҪһɲƵĻĵðԼһɲĳ嶯
߿ϱĵۣ㶵Ķ㣬ѾˡӵеĴ֮Ϸķ׭ǿĿֲ
Сģ⽻ط׭ǲǧɡܸ࣬Ҷʮ߶㣬кȻ
㲻֪ЩĵԪŶŶѹ£䵽˵ϣ͵ĲҪ
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ͬʧ޷󣬵һְԵóĵ۲¶档ʱͬĴ֮ǵۻʣĵ۲ò
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֮ǿƳ̶ȲͬûʲôֵģЩĴǸΪԵҲֻѹƣڵǣĵ۱ѹ֮󣬾͹УҲҵĳ
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쵰ҪǲҪͰѵǰΪʲôһҪٵ

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˴͵ǣеıûг֣ǴŻϢĵۣȻһ뵽УⳤҲһϢ˶㵵Ŀ㡣Ƕò˼顣
һ뵽УҲû뵽ԼĴ֮˿ֲȻȴ֮еĵۻʣóΡΡĶڳУʹһɹɵ뵽УҲҷ
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ĵ۲£˺ѿбһ׵磬һ׵籩ֱ䳤ȥ
찡СӾȻѵһΣ
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׵£ȴ˿⣬ֱһ׵ķ顣
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ոȡһѵô͸ϵˣѵ㵽ž񽣲ɣ
д󼱣ʶոոǺոʥ
һ֣סԲõ
һ󺰣ٶȿ磬ռȻģҪ񽣵ߡ


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׷ͬ͵ֹסŲ水Ӵܶȥ
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ҡҡͷתѹѪͷҲ˳צӡǣѪϢԼѪ㷭ڵѪȶ
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Ѿߵݸ㣬ľȻʥǱӡԵʣֻеҲ֪Ҫʲôϰʥ㡣
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뵽ɵеҲΪĳ֣˼Щûмʶով񽣱ԼʵȻžѹȥ
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ԭΪش֪ߵغꡣǾȵǣ׳һѳߣž񽣾˹ȥס˾񽣵ĳ
Ҳһɾ;񽣵һײһҫ۵ĹââۣڵŹâ
˿һĻ͵Ķǰѳߣһʥ
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Ĵ˵һǣӵǵϢ⡣ӵһʶȻˣǵͬΪһĴڣ𣿼ȻǲΪǻ飬᲻Ҳֹͣ
뵽Щ׼һԡʧܣһʥѡΪӵĴˣûкʵıʵûУʱԼΪҪǡ
Ҫǳɹǵõľѿ
ڿȻǳɹġ
ʥƽϢϲ꣬ȫװž񽣼ȥ
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񽣾ܱıŰѹƣ׵ȴ˿ûмô澳ͷ׵磬ȴȫˣӰĽץ˹ȥ
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׵ϣϵе׵綼ɣž񽣣һɹϢбžȥҪ˺;ϡ


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ǣھ̲֮ס󺰵ãС֮йҪǾ񽣲ܵĻҪ䵽С
һ仰˷ӦһƱ׼֡
㿴ˣŭһȵ˭ǰȡѾߣ
һ仰ֹסŲһŭ㡣񽣵ĿֲǳԹҪȡһʥһٴαǵסģ
вû˸СӡʹеĴ棬ֹס˽Ų
ߣһۺϢϵӿ뵽С
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񽣣зӡʥƷףʱѾ൱ⲻӵ׵£ɱг
׵ӵеĵԽԽֲ֮䣬عĿȥ׵ϴˢ۵ҧгݡ
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һҪǿĻʹǿʲôãҲ
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˶Ķ㣬ҧ׵Ĺţֲ˶áʱʥУ
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Щ׵ҲܴͰĵɹӿ뵽֮С񽣵̬ҲȲԼ۵ӿ룬ҲںԼĵֻۡǣԼÿһε۽룬׵ǿȾӼ֡
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СӼֲסˣ
ӵͨΣʥԸ⣬ǿҲã
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һٴηĴӿ뵽ûĹŶУͬʱɹϢҲӿ뵽еĹŶС
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ʥҾʥŮҲҾ屦ԣⶫӦǣ߶㣬ź⡣
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ɱңͿ㹻ˣЦҪʮɵİɱԼԼôϻ
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ͨ˵ܽʤ˶Էοʥ
ʥʲôЦѵûʥ໥ǣƣͲܶá

˷ֳۣȻС˾㶯ͨԿء˻Ǿã㲻ܿߡϾ߳ѾãһԷǲ١
Ҳͬͷۣ𾳵ǿ֪ԼҲֻ˵µ˾ɱǾ˵Լ𾳵ûġҲѹ֣Ͼһε
ոմﵽһԪôǿƵ
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˵ֱ꣬˦۳ɾͬɽ֮ϯ𶯾ŷơһ֮䣬ֲĴ֮ع񣬷·ѹƵġִƿس
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Сӣٴ˵һ飬ʥ뿪Ҿ飬岻ƽϡض˵ܰ㵱ϱԴ
ЦٴαܿԷһһСС𣿡
Ȼܣض˵
ЦЦ㵱СҪƭˣҲҪ˵ƭ꺢ͯĻҺ;ĶԹҪһССܾģһе𣿡
˵֮ǰɨӿĵʮȣ۳ɰȺɽ趯ضȥ
ڤ粻飡ؼȻһֽɨĵأХȺɽȥ
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һ͵ľ䣬һ֮䣬Ŀռģƿһ㣬۽У׵Ŀֲ˹ȥ
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۵ľ֮ռһݣҲɫ˱䣬ޱȫ۶ӭǰ
ֲ𵴣Ҳε쫷ڵ˵ߡǾˣҲֵˣӰ˳ȥ
˶㵹ɲ⣬ǿ𾳵ɫҲЩ԰ףһȻѣ¶֮ɫ
²ȶ̤һĽӡ֮󣬶˵˵ܰˣҲܾˣú룬Ϊ£Ǿ͵Ϊֹ
ض㣬дż𺳡ǰشƿҲϣͨʩչȻ룬һոմﵽûжõ
Ȼ֪֮ǰͲ˺һΡرǧµϢԴƿشﵽ˵ĵز
һ˵ոֻѣʶһ£ʲô𾳣ʲôʥ


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˿ֲƣһ֮µĶշѹķ顣󳤱Ǿ֮䣬ĹâɨҪ˵ֲƣһɨʱһ޴ӣ
ʥ򣡡
Էһľڤӵصӿ֣û뵽֮Уӿױȵƣ貵ĹбʢĿըѶȥܹᴩء
ϯȥҲɫϹҲʮǿƣʥԲͬ졣ⱬֱˡ
㣡Ҿѹ㣬ʲôǲá
˵֮䣬ļµľŲӣһ̤˹ȥȻޱȣռ֮䣬Ϣȥ
㿴ĳǣһ˵һʥɱңδ̫Լˡ
㲻۾һֻĿռܣıȻƺܿҪ㵫һȴԽǧɽǿ㡣
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ŭ£쳤Х͵һȣİʩչŵǬĿռ̤ķ顣ǺܿɨߣҪס
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㣡𣿡ŭ𣬾͵һ̤صľ˲ֲ쫷磬һжСмԶԶۿߣҲܵ쫷Уӿ뵽Уʵķ顣
ֲ˺ȻĿ㣬ȴЦѣЦҪ𣿡
ɻУϯȥ쫷һƺ˹ȥԴ֮򣡡
ĺУĵۺϿռ䣬򣬰ѾضС
о󣬱򣬱ҪľܲƿҵƲˣ͵
ĺУ߶ԭŰĿֲĿռ䣬˲ָ˰
һŤĿռ䣬һһϰ͸ǾӨϣģģˡ
ɲϵıᴩص𶯵ҡΣһŤĿռ֮䣬һѺۡ
˴͵ĿһĻ̫ܿһ۾ĿǰսһĻѾǵԤˣҪֲδ𾳵ʵȶԷʩչʥܳɰܶ԰ˡ
Сʵֲ̫ϣ˽ӽ𾳵ʵҪֻǸմﵽ棬̫˼ˡϹţҲԸմﵽ𾳵ʵ𾳵ġ
ӦϵʵҪȻ̫ˡңոպͶ߽֣ǿȺͶ޼
˵һս˭ʤһʩչͨһʩչʥǿֲĴС
˭ʤܾˣǾܼˣҪȻ˵ʵûʲô顣

һ۷׷ףȴĶ㣬ȭͷš㿹𾳵Խ̫༶ˣʩչͨܵס
Уӿ²ȶ֮䣬ҲһѺ̵ۡ˼͵
СӣʩչͨΣѾ󣬾ͨߣһϵıǲϵ̤£ֻľһŽ̤£̩ɽ׹һҡѿһѺۡ
˿ֲҲüͷܸ߹𾳵ǿ𾳵ǿȴ󣬵ޱȣŷת䣬ԼⱩĵȻǿȴ޷⣬ҪͨЧͱԷˡ
Сӣɣ㲻ҵĶ֣Ǿ仰񽣣뿪
һ˵˭ʤ˭ܻδ֪㲻Ҫ˵̫磬㵱Ϊֻɡ
ĺ£һӡжʱ۷еѹЧӿ֣Ԫ͵һ䣬۳һڶ֮䣬˿ھ
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״̬㱬ƱҧݣٴӿȥСƿص۴ﵽ£𾳲ߵĲΪֲԼҪռơ
뵽⣬һҧݣһ󱩶һŽŲϵ̤ȥ޴̤һѺۡ
ؿųֵѺۣҲ˷ܲѣþ󱩶ӿ񱩡ֻҪԲԼĶ֣
㿴ŲϱѳѺ۵Ҳ֪ԷĴ㣬˶ʱ䣬˭֮˶ԷĹ˭ʤ
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һ죬򳹵׵ķ飬ըĶ޷ĲصĽ£ͱΪƽصɽٴαһ㡣
˾㤣͵ĿǰըǵΪ֮
Ű֮䣬ϵ飬ŰãԶ䵽Զ˿ŰģɫЩҰס
ܵסģ
ĿƵעУⱩڳ䶨֮ϣӰӰǱȫѪ˭ܸоԷѪĲȡ
߲ϵĿԣ֮䣬һѪҺ˳ɴżֺȻ޷Լʥʩչ£ԼʮɵȻǱԷ£Լ˶Է򣬿ɶԷҲһ£شʱоѪڣ඼Ƶģʹޱȣҡ
㣬ȻҲѪҺǺȴҪȶĶ࣬ȻܵƱ᲻١
ⲻܣ
߲ţķɣһʵȲˣôƻᡣ
һĻΧ۵ҲţĿƵĿ㣬һ


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㶢ɫ¶ɫأдżҡҺԼǿǿҪȻԸոձķҲشʱȻ˵Ҳ˲ƣԵѪЩܺܿ޸
ؼϵѪĶͲţôǿ
ŭ䣬ٴڵɨ֮ɨ˹ȥְԵһǹǿƣȴѾǿиˣܲһ
û뵽ǣԼ۳һУ˿ûиΣա𶯶׵ķ飬㱬׵Ƴϣ˲شһѪҺ֮󣬵գڵϡ
ʤ׷ѶԷʰˡӰδŲ߼ΧܣĽǿߡ
Щǿ߶㣬ưЦӣѾ񽣽ɡôҴ󶯸ɸꡣ
ЦŶԷЦ𾳶ҵĶ֣ЩԸң
㲻ǿ֮ĩˡҵҪʰ׾١Ҫʶ࣬ͰѾ񽣽վһһǿŭƺɨ
㿴һ֪ðĴܣŭһ˵㱾ǿ֮ĩҲһ輰ġ
˵ʱһ֮䣬׵Խռ䣬˲ڶԷϣԷӦͱ׵ķ飬ɢ󽹳ζ
֮ɱһܣвǿ¶֣˺˼ǰǱӰԭ˲١
㶢һŭ·
˵ͬʱһǰȥ߶֮䣬һȻޱȣĺ
湻ǿƵģشȻƣǿ߲Ҵâ̲סզ
ȴҡҡͷûôɣ񽣻ˡоĽͳ˲ص߿϶СǴʱδ֣Ҫ뿪ĻǶվӪõɵϢɰɡ
ҡҡͷϢ϶ܵõҸײ뿪ӪõϢҲûϾ֪ǻ
㸸ĸأأüͷҪЩûһΣˡ
񽣾ԻǿߣðͷĿ϶ֻһ֡룬Ľݹ岻ûг𾳡ҪȻκͶԷ񽣣
һǰȥѪ֮ת建ĻָСԪ䣬ָļ졣Ȼɫÿ澳һս֮
Ҳףõ񽣣ԵղֻǸոյġ
̤߳͡һβ̵ľ֮һЦ֮Ц֮䣬һǰ˵ĳ֣ߣҲΧĵλá
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λɢޣ˵º㣬һͷ˴ֻ˱ͷǱɽȥֵǣ˲û˶ӦøһʵҲ澳
Ȼδﵽ𾳣ֵ֣ʵȴܿ𾳣ǰһ壬һսܡһٳ
ȻҲѵĽݹĽݹǣǾܾҴǰǵˣĽݹҪʰˡֻʵ̫ǿĽݹ岻֮
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һ͵ĿĽݹ˿˳֣ɫҲ˱䡣
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λ˵ͬʱҲżֳ֮ɫǺεȱҪܵĵõҲ͸еܣ˵һٴﵽ۾ʱ򣬻ĽݹҪǸ׷ɱԼˣԼֱɱǡ
ЩһֱĽݹ׷ɱѵóһᣬðҲʥˡ
㿴Ц񽣣Ǿȷܵ𣿡
λüͷһȻܸоһɹֵϢһɨһ˵ⲻ㵣ġֻҪǡȻ
Ҫǲأ
Ǿȥλ㣬ⶫҲ޴áոҲˣܽҲܺϣαֵɽ󣿡
ϲǵǣ㿴˵λذɣⱦǻҪˣսȴڻ¡
ĻȻ˵ڤ粻ĻһһɺߵζɢźأȻˣǾֻԼˡ
ǣǻδ֣һ͹ĴЦһɿֲޱߵƱѹ˶ȥ˵ǲǾͲ񣡡
һ֣޲ɫһȻޱȵĿֳһӰ
а֣˶ӿһͷĿŵĿ㡣
ǵɱ£ɫ䣬ֵĿųֵӰκεֵģԶߡ
ǣֵӰɨ˶ԷһۣһԸôվģǿСҲҫϷͿˡ
˵ʱһ˳ȥһƳɫ䣬Աǿ뿹⡣ǣԿ𾳵ʵǰȴݿһ㱻ķ飬һưǵǰ˲ҽУӿɹѪҺɳȥҽУĻУҪûһ˿
͡
һĿ⿴ֵߡߵǿǵԤϣ𾳵Ȼǵһ֮ڡ
˿¶˾ηԷѹֲˣԭǿƵĴڡ
ɻǣϲûгָ˵ɫǰߣǹ˼֮ɫ
㣿ʰ֮󣬰Ŀ⿴㣬
㶢ŶԷüͷ˵Уоһ˿⡣ûдԷĻ
̿ˣȴɫ䣬ȻĽݹһλ׼ͷ
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ĽҵĹϵ֪֣㡭
̵ľҲһƬȻɴ۾Ŀˣ¶֮ɫ
ͬɫ䣬ߵѹϣʱоͬСһС
ɱĽҵˣϷҪмֱ¡ϷһУϷţӲ£Ǿȥ

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859 ڸ
㿴ŶԷǴЦǰɱҶѣ˵סһеĻҪб£ֱӶ־ǣ
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Ҳ˵ֱֱĶŶԷ֪˵ǿԸոֵʵԼ޷ȻҲ˶ġݣעĵ顣ң㰴նԷ˼ԷĻŹɣ
ȻţҲһǰС㶢ŶԷ˵

һƬȻ͵ע㡣Сӷ˰ɣ˵ѾˣԸոȫʢʵҲס
ҲüͷĵԵסˣ˾ٺɡӰм䣺̣Ľǰ
߼̣üͷһ漴չЦԭС㰡ǺǣСҲǰɵѵʦҲ˾񽣣
ʦԼĵʥǿȻǿȴʦ⡣̴˴ǰֻǰҪһ顣̿ŶԷЦ
߿һ̣Ůżֹ˼ɵģλʦһľ񲡣Ҫıͽܣ֪ô쭡ҪҲˣ
ƫƫʿûԸҲͬҵڶ࣬⡣Ҳ¡ʿûԵӪڴ½պòʧ
С˵ԷʮֿĿ̣ȴɰ
ǰǴǸ磡ǰҲԼĵֺαؾʥŹҵȣնȻʦΪǰл̹˵
仰Ŀ⿴˿̣͵ĿϴתΪ˵ʲôѵҺʿ˲ɣ
뵽⣬͵ҪģȻصĴ¡
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߼ˣüͷĸ뿪˵㲻ҪһŮ˵ǰɡ
վǰһǰϻ˵ʲô˵ȥͿͨ;񽣡ձ˵ûãʦǰûѹǵʵҲûá
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˵꣬Էһɹϣƣ⻪ǣ𣬿ֲϢӶϢ˺ȻЩ߸סϢڵϲΡΡ
Է˵𵴶Ϊ֮ɫڰǿߣȻѡ
ǴԲ𣿱澳ֹǿǧٱ
Ի˰ɡ찡һĻٵ𣿡

˾ȴ˵ֻһУϣ㵲ס
㿴ŶԷӿֳƣɫҲ䣬һ׭ļޱ֪ǿǿֻһ㡣ԲԸͬ˶ԸСһ
ǣⲻûеȫǰַ׭ߡ
䡭䡭
Ҳ㶯ã֮ʣСӡ
ͽùѣ
ˣЦһʲôҲ˵һݺݵ˹ȥ
һ£֮һãݿݻһУ㱩˲䱻ݻ١סʹ㱩׵磬ҲԷ׵ĺķ顣
˺Ȼɫ䣬弤䣬ҪһѣȴѾϲˣѾǰ
Ǿ
ޱ۾
ŵǬ

һбȴ˶Էһƣһ£еĴжһ
׾۶
ױһ޴ĹŶŶ֮˶ԷԷһƺĹŶϣһĶһ˴͡һֱݿһƣȻŶסƬ̡
Ƭ֮󣬾ƻǰһжݻٵķ飬Ŷѣһƺ׭ϣİǰ
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嵹ɳȥУһ
㣡ͬʱ󺰣Ӱķ򣬸ƷЩȴһ
Уһͻ񣬻ĴֻϣÿοԣȻЩѪҺӿɫҲҰ׵Ŀֲ
һĻ㶣漴һһۣŵĿ㣺ôܣһƣȻվ
̺Ҳţ޷ȻվܣǶоˣϢҵ¡ǣϾվˡ
Ҳ͵Ŀ㣬Ԥϣһûжȫежôǿ𾳵ܴĶԷǣǰ𾳵ȴվˡ
߸оݺݵĳһƵģġһоȻûаѶԷſ£˵˴εˡ
㲻ϵĿԣоȫ඼ҪȳƵġƣܲסҪǽŹŶͨԼǿһҪ߷ֵǾ⣬ҲҪֵ
֪ԷûжȫΪҪһõ񽣡ҪȻԼԵסĴڣԼܿġ
Ķ㣬Щ߳ŭȻһ֮Լٴ𣬺ȻҪһƹȥ
ǰһ֮Լ˵ġѵ
̵Ļδ˵꣬ŭҪǿǷӵͽܷϣһɱˡ
㡭̱ŭ˵ʲôȴһɨ˳ȥɨһ顣
ߵһƼȥȻҪ㡣
Ҫܣ
ڶԷһҪʱһ䲻ȴ𣺡ϷҪܵģ
һ䲻ȴĪϣð̵˴ϲˣ


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ĿҪϵһ̣ĸɸɾǰ֪ʱһߡվǰȫûһ˿ϢɢǾˣ˶оǿվ̩ɽһ
ϣ̴ϲϵ࣬˵
϶˵˵ͷ漴Ŀ⿴㣬ʱɿԳɹѪҺȫϢҵ
Ͽ˲״ĿҲתĽߣ㲻Ҫҿ
ɫ˱䣬ǰȻӰ뵽һֿܣݵýŵһΪʦѵǰһ˾Ǵ˵еﲻɣ
뵽㣬߶پëȻȻѾﵽԲȴ֮
ô㲻𣿡϶ŶԷ˵Ҫǲ֣ϷҪˡ
仰ŹֵĿźϣ˭Ȼ˿¿ԣǰһ׼ͷʵھĴڣĴܣʲôЦ
ǣϵĳȴǰ۾ֻǰһֻ֣һŶԷץ˹ȥһץԭҫĽݹߣȻԷһץԭء

߷ļ嶼ȥֻĿԼ岻䶯źϵķƶȥ
˴͵ĿһĻĽݼҵ׼ͷ˺Уź׾ٵĿסԷĺ
ĭźϾηѡҲû뵽ϾȻǿֵزվԭؾȻһУͰǿ߸ץС
찡һ׼ͷ
ϿŵĶԷ͵һĽݹߣͽڽڴϣϹͷһã̱ڵϣָһ㣬һڶԷϣԷݿʼȼ
ɫŤƴ䶯յľҪҽУǹͷѵ޷ֻŤӣ֤ܵľۡ
˿һĻһ¶֡ȻȷʵöԷܡ
϶һһԣ˵Ҫҳֱվǡ
仰Ͻ˵ң
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ϵĻ۾һҲ˵ʲô
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رһЩ˵²⵽ߵݡЩ˶˵ʼ͵͵ʲôЦ˭ܴᵽ񽣣˭ȥֻѣոĽҵλ׼ͷǰ
ȻЩûȤĿ⿴Զɵɵһ˶ɵſڡ
ʱɵſѾѪɺˣȥߣĲûм
˿źϵľٶһ˲Ӳɵɣ
õѪ֮Ϣֹס˲ϿԶѪĿƵĿɵ̲סȻϣϣϲ룿
侪֣ɵǵ֮ͨλͨԲһͨɵ߶ܹ̤ġ
ʹ߳ɵҲֻΧѰҶѡû˭ǰɵġ
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Ҫǽɵ϶Ҫ׵ƿɵ
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˿һĻһʧĿƵĿûһ˿Ϣɢˡ
Ҳ͵ĿźϣҪϽУֻΪ˾񽣶ѡѾõٽȫûбҪ
ǿ߿źϽȥɫҲ˱䡣ոǳһɵֻΧ;һȥ˳ûмܣеõ˲ٺôȴûзǵʥΣȴҲֻܷ
ǲ²⣬ǵʥǷɵĵĵطĵطͷǰҲ̤㰡
ߣȥҲãУǾʰͽܡ
˿߽ȥһ߶ڴɵ֮СͿٴ񽣡ȻǴʱȴ¶
㲻֪ϵ׶ǿǼϽУмְա
뵽⣬û̫࣬Ŀ⿴˵һˣ
ͷĿ⿴ˣʱ˻֡ǣ͹˺ϵܺϽɵȴɲҶ֡Ϊǲ֪Ǹħһˣ᲻
ϢʮֲȣҺõԼвٵҩڵҩİǱ£Ϣ΢΢ƽϢһЩǾˣɿֲڣǲá
㣬Ѿû˹עˡǶĿ⿴ɵȴɵı仯ɻǣɵоȻһ˿ûбռ䶼ž¡
һֱɽɵûһ˿״̲סˣҿϼһˡ
ǰɵģû˭ڣǰҲΧΧһЩҴɵĵ⡣бɡ
ٺ٣ĺðȻˣǵˡ
˷һĿ⿴㣬дųȵĹâ
￴һĻɫ䣬ƱԪʵ嵽Щˣм˼䵽ܣɱĽˣվҪ㳥
￴Ľˣ۶ŶԷ˵Ⱥϳһˡ
ߣϼһﵨ̫󣬾ûУҲСɱ˵ʱҲ֮ززˣҺΡԷ˵꣬һɹƱŵ̺ӿȥ
ǣǻδ֣һ䲻ɵдĽҺôĵӡ㵱Ϊ֮ززɣ
û֣˾ڣĽݹΧˣɫ䣬Ҳ˲ʲôӰԶߡ
һ仰񽣵˶͵ֹסŲ嵹
˵ĺȻУһӰ߳Ӱɺ͸ոһȻʵ棬һۼӵĽݹˣҲûг֡
ϾȻɱǣ̲ס󺰵ϣǡ
ϵ˵ǶգϷ򿴿֮ززġ
ϵĻҲ̫˰ɡǣ㻹ҳ
ֻǿеĶʱһĿ͵˸ǾڵʥȻ
ںϵУһĺڵйڤ֮еķͬȻɢϢӿ֮䣬һƬվͻڤ֮Ƶġ
˶һȣȴûһ˸ǰġ
ıʱȴУ
ϰеĶһۣ˵ȥ߾ˣΧҵӣǹһʥķϣͷŹǡ
һ仰һƬȻ


861 ɱĽݹ
˶Ŀžڤĺϣ仰ʲô˼ѵսڤ岻ɣ
ûи˴𰸣Ӱһˣ뿪˾Ž壡
˴Ŀ˺ѿռʧĺϣĿתɵʥõˣɵеõʲôûнɵĺġҪûȥҲͰˣҪǽȥ֮ȫˣʵεȵĿֲ
˰Ŀ⿴ˣʱɫѿ㡣еʥ˵ǵߡɲǳ˾һơǣһǱšˣǸ˵
ȥ˿һɵվûٴɵ˼뿪
˿ž뿪Ŀ⿴ɵĴսһΪƽأµľһɵɵɢջ󣬵Ǵʱȴûһ˸ڵġ
Ϊ֮Ĭʱȴһ˵һʥأһʥǹƣУǹⲻ뵽Уƻָļ졣
㲻д󰭣еڤ˵ⶫǾϹűʥŮߣ
ϵͷͨڤдáԭǵžͷǰɵȡġû뵽ľͷûһðաϷֻһˡ
Ҳʮֲ⣬ǾΪʲôͲǲͷ֣
ʦ˵ڤͨڤ֮أǾǿı֮һǣֳڤʥŮʥһλǿһ𡣵¾λʥǿСڤľͷǶλʥǿ߶ԾûкøСЩͷǰһϾλʥǿȻѾ䣬µȴڡ
ϵ˵ͷ򵽣һߴﵽ۾֮󣬾ͻԼķַ֮ʶһ˵ĸʥǿ߻Щﲻ⡣ǣҪӵзȥһĳˡȻ⵽ԵĴԣܺܶҪⱦȴûһͷɵСǲҲֻߴĴǰΪ˱ʥǿĵӡ
ŻȻ˵ѹΪʲôͷûǰ
ǲǲǲɵԲڣɵܸоԷеķϢܸԷһɱӶӲˡҲΪʲôϳֵɵ٣ټǿ߸ɵȥᱦġȥɵģЩ۾֮µҲֻɵΧĺǲܴ˵
Ǻϴе˺ûУʵ仰Ҳ˾ʮֺ档
ϵͷȥһˣһЩܡⲻܽӴģ
˵꣬Ͽһ㡣еҲˣûɵԭǸܶãȴغ㡣ϵʱţǲǰȥ뵽ɵǿǴͷ
Լܽȥ˵ҲһߵĸɵȻ͵˺ϤûжѹԼɢϢһ·ߵɵġңһ·֮ϣܸоɵĺơȻǰˡʹԼȡɵĵڤɵĵ鶼û
ȻڶԶԷ𾴡оıȴûȡ˵ȱ١Ҫڤдãᶯá
ֻܣȴٴο㡣ĹʣһѪˣȻҪġ
̺ϽȥһˣǶͲѣû뵽ǿֵزȻܲġ
ҲҪȣ˵ҲЩЦЦ˵ҲҪңевٱҶûȡ
Щûƿڴ϶ȥˣôȡһЩ
ûԹĿ⿴˵㣬壬Ҳһ⡣

һܣ⻹ǺϰæԵʣ֪ƵءҵǣƲᣬǱϾû˵Դ˲ʱ֮ڻָ塣رǵž񽣵Ĵû뵽ڣͻƵ𾳵ơ
ֻõô죬̲סһ䡣˵ʱ䣬Ȼָ㣬ںϵָ£Ƕоǳ̺ﶼϣһʱ䣬뵽õô졣
뷨˱ָ
ƺˣϼǰ˵
ѾȬˣЦЩ˳һ¾񽣣ɲҵĵ֮Ĳʺҡ
ϵͷ˵ʺϾͲҪǿﵽǵǵıѾͨ顣ǻѡʺϵĴǵһˡ
ͷȡľ߱ϷӡһΣָŹŶѹǲ¾񽣱
ֻҪƿ̳ڱľͲˡʺϾͲʺϰɡҲνĺܿ
ʵѾﵽ棬Ҳһ·Ҫ߳ԼķҲﲻ㣬ҪԼ·ߵĸҿࡣ㲻ǰ˵ѭǣԼĵֻԼѰ˵⣬˶˵ٳɳһЩҴǰɵһˡȤ顣
ʲôＸ˶Ŀ⿴ϣȻǶϵɵʲô
ɨһۣȴûлش㲻Ʋ죬ֹ˵˵һˡ

̵ûҲֻ˶Ժ˵
ϻδü˵ʲôȴٺЦϣϴβܵһЩĽݹ㵱ʱ˵Ӳˣ㲻׼ɱǣ
㵽Ҫ˵ʲôϼı飬֪Сӿ϶˼
밡ʲô˵һĿǿߡ˵ûжɱǣܲˣҪǲɱǡͶˡ˵
ȻأϿ㵭˵
ȻһҪɱǰԼȥңô˷ʱ䰡Ҹߺһ취װǾ˵
ȻһЦЩ˿϶ǶĽݹ壬밡ǿ϶Ϊ㲻ȥĽݹɱǡԣɱĽݹ壬ǻӵ𣿡

̶һۣ˶ԷеĺȻСǷ˰ɣҪʲôѵƺɱĽݹ岻ɣ
ǿһ尡ѪĹ塣Ȼúɱȥδ̫һЩɡ
Сķˡ
ҲһۣС뱨𣿡
㱻ϿҲ죬ȻһЦͿϸҲˣ
Ȼ뱨ˣȻ㵽ϵ˵õϢɵǺҪһʱ䣬¾ˡɾϸԼҲԷˡ
ʲô˵رҲĽݹ޼ˣ׷ɱǵӰӣҪܺݺݵıһǣΪβ
Ҳգ۸ϷĵӣҲǸһЩˡ

ϵĻһƬȻ
˷ˣҲŷˣ֪֪ĽݹʲôطĴ壡Ĵ壬ǾȻֱɱȥ
ﲻͬǣȴѪڡɱһɣǶôģ


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ĽݹȺɽ֮УȻƿصûе۹յĵطǵ顣ԴҪǿɽ٣Ҳĵط֧һ塣
ĽݹʥأȺɽ֮Ун֯һϿȣ֯Ͽʤ಻ϵϿȿµУҪ濴Ȼܿе棬ЩϿȽ֯һķ׭һתɵʥء
ʥأĽݹ˲ܽ˵һǱɱ
ʱȴӰŴ˴˿ƺ棬ÿһ̤֮䣬̤˰֮Զ硣
ͺϡʱںߣ쳣ļûԼһƣϾȻĴӦһ壬һ壬ԶѪ塣ۣͨĹ塣ɲ⣡
ǣ˿ȴǰΪľɱˣ
󣡡϶˵ԴΪϿȽ֯Ķط׭򡣲Ҫ̫ԶҪȻᱻ
ͷߵߣڿն𣬿⽻ϿȣȭͷжʱһĹ۵ģһ£˲䱩һ֮䡣ǧɴСǵء
ת֮䣬쫷񱩣âǣռŤʱƣӿ֣Ľݹˡһ̧ͷȻĿͷϡ
޴£Ͽѹ£񱩵ϿȴϿ˲ɽıסϿеһ˲С
һƶʱˣĽݹ˸оһ㣬ضҡһƱľŰûзĹ˶ݡ
˭ŭĽݹбӰ֮ϣ˻ߡ
ûǵĻһ̤ϿУżļӰâ⼸âϡӦûУͱķ飬ڷ
ͼҲڱǰСС֪ǵеڳ϶ŶԷ˵Ҫ˭Ҫɱ۵ĵӣհˡǵɱۿ
˵ʱһٴκ˳ȥ䵽յߣ˲䱬ѿѪɢأѪꡣ
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еڶǿ߱ԷɱһеĴǿ߱ŭ۶źϣŭ⣬϶ȥһ졣Ȼһ߽ǿߣҪһ޵еĴڡ
ǣȴҲָһ㣬һâԷӦûзӦͱը궼ʵķ顣
ʲôҵģ˵һ飬ǵľͷڳҪȻǶ
ⲻȴĽݹ˴֮УʱĽݹܹ裿Ľݹ岻˵Դ½ҲǺһĴڡǴ½İֹֹۣͨϽ۰ԣһĪҲӡ塣
Ĵ壬ȴɱ붼飡Ǵ˿ȴˣ
˸оĶҪɢѪζǶԼΡ
Ľݹ˶еˣϳ㣬ڵ
ǣߵǺصۣ
ȷ˵ʮ֣ɫ䣬ĿźϡѪɫصʲôĴ棡ǲôǿǰȥΧӵһĴڡԣͲ˴۵ĲΡһˡ
ڽţһĪҲӵĴǣȴɱǹˡ
ԭҪȥԺϳֵʱ͵ֹס˽Ų¶Ȼ֮ɫ·󺰵ʳ֣ҵȲʶ֣סǣ
˺Ȼ󺧺
ڵ߶Ѫɫ˸ǺȻһ
ѪӿֳԭĽ֯ϿȱֲĲɹɲŷתһת֮䣬ϿȶסС˿ŻסϿȣ΢΢İ
ϿһĻȴЦһҪʳ󱾵ۻۿһۡǳ֣ȴһ
˵꣬水ȥһư£ʱڻϣķ˲䱻ϻƣѣϴ̤Уֱһ˦һƬǿڷ
ⲻܣ
Ľݹ˸оڴµĴ󣬾Ȼ׵ˡܣǱ۵ǣǱϾǴ۴󰡡
ǵ˴찡ĽݹΣӣ໿ˣǵ
ٵϢϢδ˳ֵסۣ۾ɱ塣
ϵĻո˵꣬ŭ͵֣ŷ򲨶ŭＤҶĽݹһˣɱ塣
ֲɨֻ϶ȴδһվԭأƱĿ⿴ԷʣǲãǵĹŻʶɣҪȻɱ
һ仰۾Ѫ죬ܵһƬǽ壬ŭصۣ̫
̫ΣĽݹΧɱۣ˴ǲ˱۵ӣۺ۸ɣۿŶԷ˵Ľݹ˻ۿ
ϵĻ۾Ѫ죬ȴҶ֡ǰһλˣ֪ܲλġɵһս¡ˣ˿ûе
صۣ㵽Ҫôһλʾͷźϣɫ⻰Ȼƿ񱩣ȴ¶Էĵӡ
㿴ͷԺ϶¶ӣզ಻ѣкȻ̫ǿˣǿƵ޷
Ҫʲôʱ۵ӣҪģǱҪġɨһۣĿת㡣
˵Ŀתվǰһʱȫһٻ̬ͷΪ˿ӣŶԷ˵Ľݹ嵱Χʦ𣬴˴ǲΧɱҡҲΪǣʥش¾ˡ
ңʾͷŭ𣬶˵ʥأɱ壬ڡ
㿴ŶԷЦһңһңѡһȥɱȻлбʦ𣬾վǰ㾡ɱǡ
һ仰ͷŭ㣬һŭѣȴһ仰˵
ôҾˣȻ𣬾Ǳǡ
ͷɨ˹ȥȻɱ㡣
ϼԷˣһֱ۱һ˦ѶԷƸסǵ۲ĻҲˣʥأձ۾ߣҪȻᣡ
ʲţ㸴еʵһʺУӿ֣򱩶źϾ˹ȥ
֪ɱǲ֮ѡŭЦƻצץ˹ȥȻһоɱ⼸ʾͷ㿴Ͳѡ
ǿֵزʾͷһɱ
㲻ţźצʣǿ߼ȥ
ĽݹҲȻźϳ֣ӽŵӿֱ֣оԼС


863 ɱ
צ磬ڣצλѹǹŽ޵Сצ£ʷ򱩶ֲӿ֣ҲŹᴩ֮
ϼ˾ٶһֱһ˦צ硣˲ʹʵķ򣬹ᴩǵ壬˱ķ飬һƬѪ꣬˵ںϵУⶪ㣬Ҳûпһۡ
򵥶壡
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Ľݹ˿ʾڷһо֣ص̫ǿˣʾͷжɱԷǿεȳ̶ȣ첻ɣ
㿴Ʈ;վĺϣҲѪڣǺεȵǿƣʾͷĴڣڹҲǻߣȴǺϵһ֮С
ǿߣ˷ܣץеĵ۾ֻ꣬Щϧ۾ʬ
ʱĽݹʥһƬޣвǵʣǵ档
̤ǰһûбһ˿ϢĽݹ˷ĵˣ¶ĺ;ֽ֯һ
ۣ˿źһ̤һ󺰵
ڶഫߣҲ̲סԱشһϣգ嵴һɹɢ
Ҳֹס˽Ų;Ŀûһƣʹת˼ɾһ㡣
˸Ľݹ£ŭ𱩶޴һƵĵطʱ貵ĹâӿƴбӰ䵽硣
֣ʥص֣Ľݹ˹ڵأޡ
Ľݹʥ֮ԭҲŭʥرչءҪûд£ԸһȻһƬǽ壬ǲϢѾʧ⼤𾪡
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ĽҼ濴յһһ٣üͷ΢΢壬ź˵Ǻˣ
϶ЩˣǲΧɱңôˣҲԣЩϼһﶼʥأԽԽϣϵĶˣ½Ҳ֡
ֵü˵ֻиʵǵ⡣ҲΪʲôʥصԵʡΪľǲΪľӳ˥ϡϢɢһЩ¡
ʶﵽ֮˳ģǣȴϵĿˡ
棡ǺصۣĽݹЩֻ֪չصʣϹŵһ˵ĺصۡ
صۣɫ䣬ֱֱĶźϣ㣿ⲻܣôϣ׷ɱ㣬飬ʧ
ʧˣ۲ûԣľ͸ֵˡǵڽгϣûҪȻ壬ҲûʲôȤˡϵ˵
ⲻܣ溧ȻˣǸص۵ǿʵͳ˴Եʵǲ˶ǿȥΧɱÿһҲʼġʥ¾ſǿһ֣Ŵɱսɱ˺صۣɸǰȥɱǿߣܻȥĲѡ
ÿ̸ǴδսѪɫ˾ܻŻǲûлãмΪԴܴסʱ޵˶䡣
ǣû뵽ǣԭɱȻٴλųǵУ岻Ѿɱ
ǵڳϵ˵⼸Ȼʵոǿ٣ûзСζʮ㣬ɱǲһ㣡
ϲȴ⼸ʾ͵˺ٴһ㣡
վںߣź֮ʴڶ˺оԼĶҪϵƣһ˶ѣȵһͨ۵ĴȫٴСȫ庿ޣǺεȵǣ
мˣɱһ˴壬һȫ˺Ѫɫ
ڣڲԺϣҧݺ
˱ƣԱϼһûо붨סϢʧڡ
ȿȡ
𣬲ȴأӿ֣֣ճشȻһһﵽ˺һʹ϶ֲڡ
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һձ˻Ĵ߳ˣɫ󶨡䵽ߣȲѣڳ֡
˿һǱĽݹ壬üͷ漴ǺǵЦǺǣϷһδ˸ҹơ
ʼԼ滹δǰ̲סѵ棡Ǻصۣ
صۣһ㶣漴üͷ͵һϵݡܿҡͷ˵ܣص۵걾ۿಢңص۱ǿɱ顣ܻ
ϿˣЦ˵ǰ괳һɵͱһɵеرԴ֪ǰǵûУ
ϵĻͫ͵Ǻصۣ
ȷʵɵֻ֪û֪ͺصнֹԷ˵ʵȻǺص۱ˡǡ
ƺƢܺã͵ɱۣơȻǴݻٵȴǵѰ˶ˡ
꣬ŻȻѹˣ۵Ǻ棬㵱αܿģ׷ɱ˶ǷˡأҲӵѰ
ǰͲҪˣǰһѡһΧɱ۵顣ڶ׷ɱ۵ӡϵ˵ǰҪǲһ۾ʥء
㡭ɫʮѿʱȻвƫƫʵЩ⣬صǵʵʤصۡǣɱĻᣬ˴֮Ļ
һѹкڣźϵ˵ص۷ɲꡣҪ̺ص۵ķɡһͺصһսҲһˡ
ԭ͸õˣԼԼӡӡԼչ붨ӳŻһ˴γأٴʧ꣬ͽߵľͷȻҪһǺͺصһսΣ
Ľݹͨǵĵ̶óɡƾ㣬ҵĶ֡ϵĿǰһˡԼͬţȴӽйųԼǽĩϣǶѹ¡
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ȫһһǾȫϡصҵסʵǺεмܳסʮ֮˾Ϊ˶ɹһ΢ʵϢѹԼʵԼеõ
Ҳ˵ԷҲҲͲܴﵽӵеʵ
ԣ˲ºصۣ
Ȼ֪ԷʲôЦ˵һǲʶ֡ǣҪ֪ʱӦÿͷ䡣
ĶźϣŬ˼ԺеϢҪҳһݵϢǣҲ
㲻ҪΣ۲ţɱ㣬ûиһ˺Ľݹڶź˵
ҡͷ˵²Ĳȷʵһ𡣵ҵʵ˶½ǿȣ󲻵ġ
ЦҪĿ㵱꣬ܶɹһ壬ȴҲԲڵġοԼΪϣʵȻܵѹƣʮֵΪҪ˼Եʣʩչ֡㵱ΪɱĽݹ岻ɣĽڶź˵صۣҪʶȤ뿪ɡ
ڣʼԼھȻߺصۣǼ󺰵
ǣǵĻδ˵ڣͱŭȣסڣзִ硣
˿һۣɫЩϧصʲôҲԼҪɱȻҪĴۡĽݹ壬Ը⿴ˡҪǣ޽սĻֻĴǰ
Цǰ²ĵǲϧҪ飬һҪ
̤ǰһںϵ壬ŵ֮ʵָĶ塣ǣʵﵽˮ׼ҶȫеΪûȫϵԵʣԷ˵ӵеҶõޣҪŬ͵ѹơɶ
ǣͻ˶Է𣿶ȷʵǿǵʱһǿϧѪݽߣ޽˵Ҳ̤һ뵽۵ĲΡ
û߳û߳ﵽ׼۵ˮ׼ʮǧԼʰ£˼ɵģĽݹĵ̣Ͼͨ
ĽҲ֪ʲôĲһԼĻ˲ˣȻˣ۽·һĶᣬǰˡ
룬ۻǰʧġϵ˵Ľ˵۾㱬ʮɵʵҪɱ㣬׾١Ҫǲ̫죬Ͱĵȫʩչ
ȻҪ̼һֱҪԷе̡ߺֱɱҪ˷Ļˡһĵ̹֪ôǿûҪðա
ǺȴûĿһ㣬ŶԷ˵Σǵĵóñۼʶһ¡
˶źϣǴżЦҪ㵽ûбҶõ̡
ҲգĸԸϵ˵㵲һУϣ㲻һ¡
ģʱ㣬񡣡˶ź˵Ȼۻһ֮ңǣȴҲġ
Ҳ˵һƺ˴ȥһƺбԲ˲䱻Է֮һգһĽڶ𡣽磬ڶ𣬹ᴩŽ֣Ƴ֣ĽݹɫѪɫǸоܽƬ½Ƶġ
ɫҲһٱ䣬û뵽ĺص۾ȻƣСӣڱֲĲȫ趯һ޴ӰбϢȫеһ㡣
ӰƷųɢɨذһ貵Ľӭȥ
ϼԷˣǴһЦ㣬ͬҲ㡣
ƣ
ϵ󣬵ȴΨҶϣԽռľ룬Ӱϡԭ˹ĴӰȻʼڽڴһѺֻ֣һһԾµӰѡ

ⲻܣȫѣ˾ŵĿǳĽӰˣǿŽķ´ݻʥصֻȡһʥӭ˾
䡭䡭
Ķ쳹Բ嫵Ӳ֪ɽʼѳһѷ죬Ľݹʥأӿâ֪δӿֵŵסĳ
ǾˣһƬʥأҲҡε
Ⱥɽҡαѣһϯ߱ܶ붨չأ˱ѣķһȻѣ찡Ľݹʥصķôᱬľ
ѵпǿǰȥĽݹʥ£
ⲻܣ˭ıӵȥһ¡Ľݹ壬ͨĴ尡
찡ɾĶô£

˱򶷾һЩԼмʵˣչԱʹһЩҲӰ
գѴˡһ֮䣬˶ԷĴӰײϣѪ嵹ɣʹϵķӿҲסششһѺۡеʥѾѡͬ֩ѺһҲֻдﵽִڵܻҪǱߣѾĲˡ
ǣǿߣҲܵشԴܴ
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Ľݹ˻ߣȻĿǵ棬вšԼǺεͲһҪ۵Ŀǿߡǿߣ֮䲻˵޵Уȴܵ
ǾһȻҲֻǱԷһƺش˱Դѿ
ǾֵĿϵĺϣʱǲվտޱϲĴڶôֲҪ˵ħҲΪ
찡׼۰ȻҲһش
ĽݹңһźëȻ۾Ѫһǵڶס˭ܵס
ѵҪĽݹ岻ɣ
ʹڵؿͷǵ档
ûǣĿ⿴ĽݹڣŶԷ˵˵㱾۱ҲԶԸ㣬ĵóɡ
ϲȴĽݹڵɴ۾Ķźϣɫеľơ޷⣬ԷȻոһԷˣҪֵĻѾˡ
ⲻܣһ۵ûкͶԷϣҲܱʵģ
ϵ˵벻ܶ࣬˭㱾Ǵ۵
ϵĻȴöԷͫ͵ֱֱĶźϣɫ㡭㡭ȡôĵ
ĽݹڽǺεȴڣĴԼѾɡôñУ
ĽݹĶźϣѾԸʵ


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Ŀ⿴ǵ棬˸̤ǰһסϡ
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ǣʱнλۻʣ޵еĴڣȴڽˡ
սķڳֵز˶˸嶼ǲǰ˿Ǹȴҿǣȴ֪ǵطǺδ
Ľݹ嵽˺ε˾Ծһλۡ
찡ĽݹǲԴˣôȥǴۡѵǲ֪۵Ŀֲ𣿡
Ȼд۵ĴڣǴ˵еﰡ

˾һȻڣǣЩ֪Ľݹ̵һѪɫʲôƵĽݹ嶯õ̰
ˣ˭ȻɱĽݹʥء
ֲ̫ˣϴڣȻսҪضͱ𣿡
˶ֱֱĿµķ򽻷棬Ҫ۵ķ򣬵˭ܸʤһһս˭ʤ
һĿƵĶǰȴ˸ҽӽһһĴսѪڡ


866 
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ѹִΪϣнĵۻʰ
˸̾ĿֱֱĶɷҪпɷ򵽵˭ʤ
Ӷϵӿֳͱ񷣬ɷɽӱĹâŷ򲨶ɷ򲻶ϵɼµķ䣬ѶԷ˺ѣѿռתԼĴڡ
Ľݹֳʥе̣µķͺϽ棬о壬ϵǿƳԤϡʹɻд۵ʵ
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ĽݹŭһϿȵ䶯ۣ֮ϣ貵ĹâһӰɨĿֲһ֮䣬Ӱб϶ȥҪƺϵĹ
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˵֮䣬Ļڷ򱩶Ӱȥ
Ա֮֮ܣ֮ӿ֣
˵꣬ķ֮ȥҫӰգĻ֮䣬ӰȻС
ĽݹѪɫ֪Ӱˡص۱Ĵµĵܿȵġ
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ŴӰѣĽݹеʥҲѿһɷϡ
ϿһЦָ㶯滯ֱֱӭȥɷ򽻼â䣬ɰɨݻٲ񷣬еһжĥ𣬺Ϻվͬһ㡣
һбֹͣ˿վŵʱһ̲סһ
ĽݹĴ۵̣ȻԷˣ
𾪣˶ˡ۵ķʲôģѵ鲻ɣ
ĽݹڿѵʥҲȻѣɫ԰ףĶź˵㵽ҪʲôʵֻǴۣ
Ҳ϶ԷĻ˵ûʲôĴɷһãֻ̫ˡ
ŵĻ˳Ĭû˸˵۵̫ǰȴ׾ٵ˵ˡ
վںϵߣͬɫ֪ͣϺǿҲ̫ˣֱƿֲ۵ķѹֳΪŵһˡֵܵġرӵе壬۵ķҲ˲ֺ
ٸǻᣬеĵ̶óҪȻֱ۴ɱ䡣ϿŶԷ˵飬Ҫۡ
ĽݹһҪ뵽죬ζǰȥΧɱ㡣ǣ˾ˡ޷ڣҲգ֮ĽݹҲܳΪеĴ塣ǣȴһҪɱ㡣
Ľݹ˵仰ʱй˶ɫࡣۣͨǣȴҪΪ壬ζܽܵ˵ģǵĻԻͲСҲ˶ǹûĽݹƣǵĳˣҲ
ǣǶ֪ʱȥڵе̣·ߡǰ̫ǿˡ
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㿴źϣͻȻúϵһﵽͨһȺ۾ͷΧɱģеǺ
һͻȻ½ˮ̫ˡﶼй˼ɵĴڣǲ˵һЩҲ
ͨ鰡ŵʯΪĴͨŷΪƸΪĿֶΣ˵нĵۻʣǾ޵еĴڡ
ͨƮĴ˵˴˵񻰣
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ҪĺصۣǿֵزĽݹһһڶˣǴ󺰵Ѫڳ֣
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˿ǵȻԼѪҺѪڣǴ޴󺿣ɫѩףһڶҪѪˣҪƵġ
ĽݹѪҺϵıѪأѪҺ뵽֮УиƵģϿȴʼ䶯


867 
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ս֮󣬲ܳɰܡϻ᲻˳һ廹һ
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еӹϵ壬ϣĽݹĵɱԷҪɱˣڸһ
Ľ治ѪأϿ䶯ʱҲŤϿȵһϢû뵽ĽʬУһϢû£ĽϢʼϵ
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Ľݹ˿ݵʥأ۾ͨĿ㣬ʮ㡣û޺ϣֻܰǻĺⶼתƵϡ
һʶ㣬ҪɽȥƵġ
ԷˣЦһǴżֲмɱˣѵͲñɱ𣿡
ʣĽݹ˸ҧгݵĶ㣬һ̲ס̤ǰһĶ棺ʽվɱ㣡
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ͨĿ񰡡ҪǺڴ½ϣĴ½Ҫݰɡ
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ȻҲ˲֡ϵսݱȻĶ֡ǻС˺ϵʵԭΪս˺Ϲ˼ɲ㣬ÿ˳ֶԸ㣬ȻһѳֵȼճһƬҽ
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һսһ죬Ӱ˺ҹӺҹ˰硣ڵڶ̫еʱǱƲŻʧ
סֱֱĿգҲȭͷ⾪սѾֳ˽ˡֻǣ˭ʤ˭ܣ
ĽݹҲҧݣڵأԼһʤһսʤ֮ơ
զ˵ڴУڱѵĲûһӰ£üʱͻȻҡ·ʲôػƵġ
˴󺧣ȴĿһɫ㶣
Ѳ֪ȼãۣʡҾͽһˣȼǣܣ棬۾ͨڵ۾һΣǸԵ۾ͷĳƺͬƺΪһͨȻҳƺΪˡʡ鲢Ǵȼ


868 ͨԴ
ڴϣ֪ʱһɿݵǱˣĽݹ档Ȼⲻ𾪵ģ
𾪵ǣһӿֳɹɷͬʱһɹг֣뵲ѤޱȡЩ뵲ȻֻżɢϢо֮
żɢϢĤݵĸоϢԽɵķ
ͨԴ͵Ŀɢ뵲ֲϾȻ˿˼ɣֱ۾뵲ɵ֮С
ͣ޷ͨǿãϴ˴ζԸĽݹ塣ȥΪԼ֮⡣һԭҪЩҪȻΪʲôһֱҪԷõ̡
һ뵲ɽȥĽݹߵҲʼĻɻңϵɢ
㿴ŶԷɢ̲סϧһ׼۵ҪܵõƳɹ塣ڵ۾֮£ǻ˭
ϧˣ̾һĿ⿴źϡźϲΰȴþòƽϢϵǿԤϡʹһ߹ϣҲû뵽ǿֵز
ȻĽݹѾе۾ͨ죬ǵڣΪɻˡǵĵˣȴõվ嵽֮ʣûıӻûе̵Ĵڣʥض䣬һжûˡ
෴ǣȴη쳣ĿźϣǾ֮ɫҲ벻ǿ˹֡Ľݹǿ̣Էɱˡ
һͨԴɺĿ⿴Ľݹʣǵ˵Ϊ˱۵ӵİΣ˶ϰɡ
µɫ֣ҪܣȴǰҲܲˡ
ŹǣǱ֤ǰ鷳ʾֵİ
߸ϵļʣߵﶼǧâֵ˿ȴͬ͵Ĺһģ˾Īû˼
ںصĴǰ͵ĲЦҲɳܣǰܻҪ
ɨһ˵۲ǣڱѾûˡҪԼ֣һȫʬҪȻ۳֣Ϊɻҡ
ѪɫĽݹ˸ѪɫҪ⼸ʶˡĽݹҲˣҪӹгˡ
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㿴ǰ꣬޵ҼŮˣ˿ߵĽݻͷһҪŹǣǷŹ𣿡
ʶʱڵأɼҵҲҹ鷳
ûǣĽѩ˵Ľݹ壬Ľݹ׷ɱֻѧͨ˵ʵͨᣬǵҪʧ֮ġ
˵⣬˶˵ҺĽݹ޴ޣĽݹҪɱñôοʱǱܷܲŹǣʦ᲻ŹǡĽΧɱϣʲô͵ʲôܿܣûʲôĵġ
㣡ŹǡĽݻͷʱҲ
ûش𣬿ŵϵĽݻͷ˵õһλǿߵĴУȻɾ͡ҵõŵǬ֪λǰ뷨ʲôҰѾŵǬȥҪĽݹһֱҪ׷ɱңѾˡ
ΪǸĽݻͷ¶У㣬ҡ
Ľݻͷδ˵꣬ҡͷûʲôԲҵģҲΪҵǸλǰȻҪɿҾŵǬķϣ׼ԣѾŵǬ壬ʹڣ˾
˵꣬ӿֳһɹӡʥѪһӡʥѪ֮С
Щɫ԰ףξѪĽݻͷĽѩǰͨʱλǰԴ塣ǣ飬Ҫʦ𡣡
˵꣬վ˺ϵߡЩʣ㲢ԸŹŹһ鷳ԷԼˡǵı֤ģ磬һͷıεȿֲܲ
ɨЩһۣһЩʵİĽݹ۾ϵڷ
ʣ
˾ִ󺰣˻ߡ
ĽѩҲǺĿ㣬ž¶˪
㿴˵һҪҺţ
Ľѩҧݣȴһ仰û˵۾ѪĶ㡣
ɨһĽݹˣûгֵӰһɨ뿪ԶԶˣɫͣһɹӿ֡һ壬̽ǿȫ



869 Ѵ
һս£
Ͻ䶯һĽݹ壬ӵд۵̵̣Ľݹ帲ȫͷȫ䡣ϢͬХһнϯ𶯣ϵǿơ
ȻʱҲࡣ˭óصɱӺһӣ˭ĵӣѱɱȥ
Էʵֲ飬˭ܵסǡ
Ͻ𶯣˶һվͬģиƵġϽһս֮꣬·һ̳Ƶġ
Ľݹ֮󣬲ûкһ̫ʱ䣬Ҳ֪ΪԴԵʻǱģϵϢʮֲȡں򵥽˼֮󣬾ͺֿ
ں뿪󣬾͸ǡ֪֮һʱ쳣徻ϵ壬עһʱû˸Ҵ
㵽ǵʱ㲢ûлذ󡣺Ϊ飬Դ˵Ϣ֪ܲȥ󻹲һȺΧǡ
һۡǰ㲢ûס꣬ˮϣ˶ʪˮ˳Ƿ£ûɬǶ˼ּ㡣
ڹլۡվڸۡǰ㣬ǶһۣһתǰۡС
Ѻܿͳˣһɫȹȹŵ棬ϵˮȾʪһͷ㷢סĹĵسʮջ
꣡լ꣡
һжͬں׳ǵһĻƵģѿվڸۡǰ꣬ɫЩϤһĻܸ׵Ĺճ˵Ļ䣬ѵ˼ص˺׳ǣص˵е꣬ص˵Ǹת뿪µıӰ
׳ǵֵķзΧƵľڶΪԴ׵顣һɾ׳֮ĵλ
뵽׳ǵ꾭һĻĻͻȻһЦ⡣ԼҲǱƭˡˣΪΪԴסǣ˭Ҳû뵽ǿƵһԴףı˵Ĳ֡
һ쵰ӡѿǷȫʪ̲꣬סֹһ
˵仰֮Ѳ𵱳˸ĻϷܰϷô档ҲΪԴ׵˼ˡ
뵽ЩͻȻоԼĴǲϵΣ㶵ԭء
ԼоһĻѾӡܵ㡣תһįѾʱиһ͸зڣļ䣬ͬˮͬҺһʣʮָӣ
ѿĳʱһºЦѶ𣺡ôʶˣ
ѲŴʧзӦɫźηڸƵһ˰ɣʵꡣ
ʼЦʵǿʲôҪΪһͨ˵ĸеܣܱˡοһûƭ㣬һοܲƭ㡣
תЦ㵱ЩС˭ƭߣҾͿ㡣㵱ڻƭ𣿡
εҡͷҲǣݼҲ̫ˣҺ鰡
仰͵Ĵһ£ǺܿͷӦһ˵꣬ȥ
ʼ磬ȻѽĸۡãĴöˣôõ꣬ܽ
ҲһЦһЦݾޣ쳣˭㵱ôҪһΣȥӦ侲侲֪С㲻ӡ
ѻǺӵ飬޹˵ǳʱֻǳ飡ԡ
ߣôӣҶ˼ӣѶݺݵĿ㣬֪Լô˵仰
ŮķӲҴ𻰡Ů˵ǿ̹Լɲ
ĬĬں治˵ͻȻչһЦ˵㣡һ飿
ʲô飿ü͵ľЩŮ˶Ǽ򵥻ɫǲشԵ֣ȺŮ˶شҲԵ֣ĥֲܿ
Ҫôš㣬ǲǶҶ˼˵һ䡮ǰһˣҲһˬ顣ЦеĿ㡣
˵𣿾ûУҶ˼˵ɣҲϣȴЦã뵽Ҷ˼仰ѡ
ȷû˵𣿡ЦеĿ㣬ȻЦݺȴоǰѷ·ˡЦݲó޵ϣӦóϡ
Ǹ룬Ӧãˡ˵ʱúܶһһֱǿڼʱȴһССϱһ
ˣͻȻվ˵ûϵҪҪ۸۸ң
ⲻܣҴ۸Ůˣ㿴˵룬һˡ
ѰһۣϣǱĵ˵ûˡ
ѱҲûΪһûгˣ֪ҪŮǿʤΪԶӮġ
Ѱ˸ۡһʪ͸˵ҪҪһ·
ͷ־ͽ⿪ԼĿӣ˿ûаѵһµӡ
Ѽˣɫ˺죬ӣϤϤȥɫЩ糺졣
ҿһΣҲ㿴ġûûε˵
ޡ
Ļѿһɫȴ
֮תӣһͷʪܵͷüͷȡëְͷϵˮ
㵹ǺķѰͷʪ
ѵĶʮᣬëõʱĴļܸоֱ۴
۾ѰˮѰϵˮ鶼Ĩʱſ۾
ʱѣõŽŰĨһѶͷ΢΢ǰ޾վܸܽоϢϡ
촽Ҳ׵ľ룬촽ϣģҲ
˽ľ룬ֻҪ΢΢ǰԸе촽
˵һ˵ڣԭأܸоԷϢ̶ܿҲһĻ͵ͨҲ˰ãë͵˺󼸲
Ǹ
㻹δ˵ʲô͵ܵһ䣬ŷźʹԼؿڡоԼڷͬһ糺졣뵽ոյһĻݺݵҡҡͷԺеųȥǣԽô룬Խ㡣
㿴ŽŵķţҲԭءո˵̬ҲЩҪѷӦĿ죬㶼֪ʲô֡ЦһһҪųͷ


870 ̳
һ֮ãһ֮ŷ硣Ȼֿ֮ʼıܿ㡣ٴλص䵭Ĺϵ
һµʱڣѾѰ鰲źãҲûʲôġŲˣǰС
ҲΪʵ쵽ܴԲҪغ׳ʥغ뿪һ뿪Ҳºһǰ׳ǡֻʣ̡
ԭ׼һ˵۶ģһ˼Ҳûлص۶顣֮Я׼ٴǰʥʥõǾȥʿ̳ôĻʥ
ͬ飬һҸ飬վһ̽ȻĽ̰һ·ϣ˲ǰŵȺ
ȻϵȻչǴһ֮ȴҲû̡Ů˴һκ󣬾Ͳٸᡣܾıܿ㡣
̵̬ЦãŽͬŮߣҡҷջԸнǰĻε̡񫣬ȴҪ䶾ĸоޱȵƣ
̿޾ɣһ˿ȣ޾ߣ쵰ôŮˣԺ󶼱붯ҡ
Ȼ̵ֹĿʹǰŴǵʵȻ̫鷳ʱʵҲ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռж̾ߣٶܿ첻٣
ֻЩ̾ϢǣңҪͻƵĲΡǣȴʼͻƲˣоͷۡ
㵽֮󣬾ֱʿѨȥȴҡͷҵûʿһˡѾﵽ˴ܶ壬Ҫ봫档Ҫȥҵĵͳ
һ˼̳뿪˵ʺʥЦ
ҡҡͷˣԼȥɣ㵽˼̳ҪǧСģ˴˲֪ж٣չزľͷ֡
̵Ļͷ˵һῴģҪǿ̫࣬Ҳᶯʥ
̵ͷ漴ЦȻʿᣬʦ飬һѡʱõʥҪһЩƢҪȻҲ벻
붯Ǹ衭ǰдϲʿ᳤ҲһҪæԼҲ¡
̵ͷҵûʿһˡ
㿴̽޵ӣ֪ŮʵǰϵġӰһ̵ǰһУ޵촽ͺݺݵȥ
ţһǺܿͱʧסĲӣӭ㡣
ЩϢŷſ˵ʿţһġ
ɫͨ죬糺췢̣ǿӲ˵˭Ҫң´ʿʥҲˣҪ֪飬һԲ˶ߵġ
̵ĻЦһǵʥӲɣգҶȻ̤߲ƣףǰʿᡣ
Ļֻ˵軰һۣӰԶȥһ仰СģʿᣬΪգлġ
̵ӰʧʵУֱֱĶŶԷŶԷʧ
Ů˺ȻҲһŮˣǳ˳ԡҪǣһһڵĸоԼϵĵѾ;Ųٵܡ
գȻҪȥʿһˣףϵ״ʲôܡ
Ŀ뿪ӰҲż̳ķȥ
ʿĹѨԱߣѾŲٵӰвǿߡȻû漶ǰʿĹѨʱ򣬴ȴ
㿴ŹʿĹѨʱĹʿĹѨֻʣһ̳̳Աߣʮͷ޴ͬɽľ޻лһֻֻ壬ӿֵĵЩʿƳɵĿܣʵҲʹﵽļ
ʮͷͻֲ̹һ㴫ܱ˺ѡ
ʮͷľ޻ǰǰһ̲̲Ѫ㲻룬Ҳ֪϶Ҫ̳Ѫ
̳ԱΧŲߣǼ̳ǰ̲̲Ѫﾭôҵսûһ˸̤С
ʮͷɢҫ۵Ĺâ㿴Ƶļ̳ɫãҲ׵̤С
ȴʱһŭͻȻ𣺡һϣѾʮˣʮдߴ·ʮͷ𻢾ǿҲҪ֧šǲţһֱ֧ȥ
ǰһϰʥﰡõĻ˵ΪĴڣ干𡣡
һϰ˴λֳʥǰˣȻʥʥҲʥ˵ƿ̳
˹Ķ֮䣬Ӱڷɶ𣬿ֲƱֳɢųϢʥϢء
ϢһȻѣͬʱͷҲ˼һʥ˵ƿ
ɣ˵ܵõ̳ʥ
ǲҪ˰ɡʮͷ޻ǿǲûȥѣûоͷ֣˭Ƕ֣
԰𱻹ƻǰȥ

ϣĿҲߣʵֲأȻǴﵽϵĿֲڡ
Ȼ㲻ΪǿĴڡʥջ϶ǰ˵žͷ
ֳʥһ̤ǰܿ;ʮͷ޻޻𶯣ƣֱ߶ȥ
ҲǼֳʥֱֱ֮ӭȥأֲ޻ȥ
Ͼʥھ޻ºۼʥھ޻ϣ޻ϻѿһӡ
˾һ͵ĿһĻв߾ڵڿ޻ˡ
˷ܲѣ޻ĺܶôǿھ޻ϣ޻϶һۼǣʥ£޻ڲܸԭˡ
㿴һĻҲʥĿֲʥ֮ŷĲھ޻ϣȻ临ԭ
ϸϸĹ۲죬ܿͷ޻Ǽ̳ṩġʮͷ޻ԽսԽ£ߵ档ʹ⴫ֳʥҲκβʮͷ޻
ֲµʱЩʿĿܱ߶ȥ
ãЩʵֲʮͷ޻ҪǼ룬߱ذܡ

˾һȻѣԭϣУǽӽ̳û뵽ʹֳʥҲκβˡ
̾ϢʱһӰͻȻӰ֮䣬ֱֱıܿһܣſܱѿ
˳ػǰǺֳʥǰ̳ʮͷ޻ҵס

Էһ仰һƬȻһ͵ĿŶԷɫ˱䣺ȻžͷĴڡ
һżȥǿߣӰҲż̳ȥѵüԷסʮͷ޻ѵãýС


871 ̳
ܶҲᣬųбȥҪʮͷ޻ס뵽̳Աߡ
Ǿ˼ʱһڿܼ˹ոմʮͷ޻аѳߣĿܣһɫأеʥ趯趯ֱ֮Щܶȥ
ʥһܡǣȴûôˣ˺ѣѪƮɢһ̲̲ѪɢŴ̱ǵѪζ
ʱҲһܡΪʿȻʵȲߡȴҲͬһƿЩܡ
߼ǶʥܱƿЩܣ߼֮ÿɢǶһۣ˶Էеľȡ
޷⣬ֻǱϢΪʲôԸܱǻԵɡ
ûǵľȣһ׵缤䣬ƿЩܡȻʵȷʵȲǣΪʿҵܵ㣬ʵֶʰܡЩȻס
䡭䡭
һ첻λͷϣʮͷ޻ʮͷ޻ҲʮǿȻԷѹƣȴҲסͷĿܣȴϵĲɱҪ̳Ⱥ
ɱһƬУڼ̳֮ϡ㵽˼̳Ҳ档
ڼ̳ϵĴߣ˶һۣ㣬ڵȫôĹ䵽ǵʥ֮Сһʥӿ֣ƣҧ촽ѪҺ뵽ʥСʥһââɨŻذƣֱֱڼ̳ϡ
䡭
һ죬̳ҡбϢ̳աڼ̳Ҳѿһѷ졣
һĻ˶۾ֱֱĶż̳ȭͷյĽġҲ̳ıԷƿ
ҲסϢ̳̳Ѻϵĺɨ̳
ѷ첢ûѿ󣬼̳һââ֮䣬ѷ츲ǣ̳˲ͻָԭ״
ߴһȴ䣬£ʥӿַ쵸һ̳֮ϣϢ̳ɣ̳Ҳ˶ҡΡȴûһ˿ƿĺۼ
һĻҪֹ̳ס˽ŲһҡͷȻǻʥʥã
ϲģпϧġ˶ףİ취ûСûлʥʥǾƲ̳ġ
߲ϵı̳̳Զ棬Ǳô𻵼̳һһ
ʮͷ޻ƵľͷһĻҲüͷߺˣ
Ȼʣȴûбİ취Ӱż̳ߡ̳ܾôȻʥãǴҲû˼
ߺ;ͷӰƬ̾͵˼̳֮⡣ʮͷ޻ûǣƣĿ˲תƵϣʮͷ޻ϲٿܣΧ롣
ŰΧĵ㣬һ̾ϢѣҪ˺ˡϧһǿߣδɾһ䡣
˿ϧɻǣǸ꿴ʮͷ޻ͿܶΧȻ˿⣬
Ǿǣʱԭ׼Ŀܺ;޻ȻֻͣǰΧУȴû˿ı֡
ϢɢʥҪĶࡣոճֵǸͷɫ˱䣬¶ɫ
һ仰ò˶ϸϸĲ̽ȻоһɹɵϢɢյϢɢ׼ľ޻Ϳֹܶͣ
ɻĿ㣬ȴɢϢԽԽŨУҲһ׵׵֮䣬һˡ
ʱ㣬ҲԼеı仯СŶ֮оûпƣıһɹϢһɹɱϢŶҲѹȻ˳壬¶
񽣵Ϣ¶壬Ǵ뵽̳֮С
䡭䡭
񽣱һ֮䣬ɹɴ׵Ϣ͸壬Ȼ˳뵽̳֮С
һ£̳Ҳһâһâ֮䣬С
ͷһĻüͷǺܿɫ䣺ãСϴлʥסҪȻ̳еĶҪõ
һ仰˶һۣҲ룬Ӱ䣬ٴż̳ķȥ
䡭
ǲУʮͷԭûжڵϵľ޻ʱȴƵģֲߡͬģЩҲıӿЩǰ̳ˡ

ͷ֣򱩶֮𵴶ɹ𶯣߿ܡǣ߿ܱ֮߿ܱȻԱͷȥ
ͷȻǿǿȴĿԱмֹ˼ɣӰܿĳ
˿ſܺ;޻ƴ㣬ԭءôҲû뵽һĻ̳ȻΪһ꣬ܶԱ
㲢ûвһУ񽣴ʱڹŶ֮бŶȻҲѹֱֱĴӹŶ֮гǰһɹɢ뵽̳֮У̳ʱâǣһжС
ͷһĻҲ˲ô࣬£ƿЩܡ춯صֱֱĺɨȥ
䡭
ǣҪɨʱ򣬾񽣴һââޣط·ʣһƵģɨȥͷ
ͷĹ˲䱻񽣺ķ飬ȴ˿ȥ
ͷѪɫӰ䣬źӴܶߡڶԷӴܼ䣬Ҳû׷ȥһֱֱڼ̳棬һһĿӣѿĿӰ;񽣶˽ȥԭڼ̳ͱľ˲ʧһɶ
ھʧһɶͬʱǼ̳ѺҲĺ£
ͷż̳Ѻۺ£ɫ䣬屩ѺۼȥǣոΪӴܾһӵ̫Զ޷ֻܿĿ̳£
ڼ̳â֮䣬ָ̳ԭ״
ż̳λͷȴŭһ䣬Ѽٴ˺ѡ
С˭ȻȥˣոǽΪʲô񽣰ѵõ
ѹˣҪܵõвѡ
񽣲Ǵһɵεõģѵɵˣ

һɻ󲻽⣬ͬʱҲ쳣ŷ񱩶̳ľͷÿϧ⻪Ҫõˡ
䡭
ϣͷϵı̳Ǽʹ۾Ҳ˼̳̳õ
ͷ޷ڣһˡӦ˻һ仰е߾֮ʱʵǿһа
̾Ϣǰļ̳Դ̳֮ʮͷ޻ҲΪ



872 ʥ
ڼ̳֮У̳һĿռ䣬ĿռУɷĴ֡ͬΰĴɽΡ׳ֱ֮ͨ£ɷֱۣ֮ͨƣһɹɴϢ
ʶڹʿĹľУһģһĴֻ֡ǱָΪ׳Ρ룡ģ·ĽƵġ
вϵ͸ϢϢ뵽УоҪƵģϢ͸꣬оԴĸ֪ҲͬɶѣƮƮɣ泩
ﵽ˴棬粻ֻҪԴҲΪʲô׵ǿȴﵽͻƵĲΣȴʼͻƲ˵Եʡ
ʱͨɢϢ뵽УڴͲϵƵġҪԼĥʱͬһĲ׽Լĵ
һϢ£ҲŨߣӿһϢϵ͸УҲ۳һ׭һ׭ۣɢһ󡣶һֵʱߣȻһģһĻҲ뵽С
Ļķ뵽УоԼƵģԺ̲ס˷
ָоɫ˱䣬ҪѹסɸоǣϢ£ɲϵӿ֣ϵ뵽С
ģ
㲻뵽˵һĻȻֵԵʡѹѹƣ޷ԼΪһƵģֻҪĴЩľԶĳ֣뵽С
ܻڵģ
Ժвɻ𵱳ʦĻǰҲֻ΢΢˼ɣȴëȻѵ˵ʦĻвɣ
뵽ԼҪͷУȫͱ֡˲ĴϢ룬ڸϢ֮Ҳʧһɶ
Ȼʧȴһ˿һüѡҪžЩĻӡУǾֻһ취ʵԶڵʵֻҪʵľͻʹںϣ֮С
㻹Ǻܹ˼ɵģڽ̣һϴֶΣӡУ˵Ҳתһˡ˵һ𲻺ãûе˼
ܵ͸Ĺɹɷ⣬Լ걻׵ĸͬ
أڻ齫˵ҪĿĻʵѵΪ¾ͲʵɣҧҲеķ⣬ſ壬ٴηͨɢһɹɴϢ
һϢ£ϵԽԽ࣬ϵû뵽СȻ˼ЩģǲòϣЩû֮ͶҪǿϲ٣ڴĸҲҪǿϲ١
ĵû룬츳˲١Ƿĺô
һϢ£ҲĲ𾳣һɹԪҲĽ뵽Сͬʱǣ~һ׵㣬ϵĴǿȣ帡һ׭׭ܲۡ
䡭䡭
㲻ϵĸ֪ϢʥӶԴĸ֮࣬ĸ򶼻ͨȻȫ򡣿ǣһЩһˡ
ͻȻ룬Ҫִܰͨĵ֮ȫںϣʵȻɡ־úЦǿߣԼĵǵĵǱġ
ľǽĴϢԼĵ㣬ǽŶԷĴ߳Լ·Ȼʵ̫ͣĴҲֻܵõһЩƤëôҪǺϵ˵ĻͨĻĶ캳صĴ
㲽˶֮оڴ˲١֪ͨеȫҪȻƾ͸⣬޷ǵġ
Ҳ˸˼Ŀתֵͨϣűʯ̨Ȼ͸ʯ̨ʲô֪еĿġ
ӰԱߡ۵ĵһһɫƬƬõʥ֮һģһѵõǿƬȡ
Ƭ֣ʱɢϹƣһϹ֮䣬ƬںԭƬֻ֮һʥ֣Ƭں£ʥת䣬ɽӡƬϣƵҲΪŨɢŴϢ
㾲ĿƬ仯Ƭ׵ںһƬҲСɽֻƬϵɽǲģƬıԵͶ˿
ץ϶ΪһģֻһСֵɽЦҡҡͷⶫôңҪƬɽͼ֪ʲôʱ
һƬͼУⶫȻ󡣺ʥ˵ʥйϵ㲢ãܰеƬ롣
ϾܺʥйϵĶͨΪ֮Լκң֪ƬԼУº϶岻ǣֱӻԼᡣ
һҲû̫࣬Ŀٴתʯ̨ϡʯ̨ϲûкܶණֻһУһɹɴϢһģЩ뵽оʧоʱһֱûлصŶеľ񽣣Ҳ棬ɢһɹϢϵû뵽֮С
Щ֮û˿仯ɾʯ̨ϡ
̤ǰһߵʯ̨ǰ档ʱľȻͷȴû֮ǰĿ񱩣ʱ͸һɹϢ뵽С
һдȥһƬоͷҪƵġ
ָоϽɺ⡣ɺⱻ֮ŸҼץȥץУǿ͸ĺ⣬ڵҲתɹɺ⡣
Ǿˣ㻹ǾޱȣкȻҺԼҪǱߣһ¾͸ˣ˱Ϣת¡ҲֻСѡƷ˵񽣶Ҫǿࡣ
ǿ̱ҪСոմλã͸оԼָһ£ѪҺָ͸
ѪҺ͸ϣѪҺ£ԭϢʧһɶˣתǸովӨѩлѪһ㣬ѪаѪҺȫɽȥѪУ·ѪҺƵģʮѤ档
㾪б仯ͬʱҲסѪҺ֮󣬾Ȼʼ򿪣򿪵ͬʱһɹ뵽С
дͬʱһɹϢ͸Ϣûڲͬǵг״򿪵ʱȴֱֱĿĶԭء


873 ˲絰
ĿеĶеĶʲô춯صĶһŵ
ûһŵŵҲûʲôģȥǰͬѩһͼûвͬĵطС״ͼһģһ
͵ĿŵʹĲ˲۾ĿŵЦ˼ʥµĲšɡ
Цãеĵȡŵ´Ҫпʲôͬġôŵȥѩ⣬ĺͼ޶
ɣʥѵϲԼɣͽܻǱ⼦ǲǿЦ
еġ񽣴˿ȴ͵СһССеļͼ
ž˱ɫһ䣬Ӱ䣬Ҫӳ񽣵Ĺ
ŵȻ಻ãɱϾǻ㲻ϣھ¡ǣٶȿ硣ȴҲȲϾ񽣵ٶȣŵϡ
ԭΪŲĵһľ顣û뵽ǣһϣû⵰˿ı仯ɰϾ
ôܣ͵ĿеĵһǾͷҪܿâֲû뵽ǣһȻƲŵ֪ŵ棡
´šֺݺݵһģͬԤϵһĲû⵰仯ļӲԶԶԤϡ
۾һܵסһܳȫһĵġǷƷǡҲǼеİǰĻ˵Ǽеս
⡮ѵʲôﲻɣ㾪ȵĿеĶ
ʱȴһɹ׵磬һɹ׵缤֮䣬ϵĺеļ񱩵׵𵴣Ѽ˳ȥ
ಢõļ׵ĺں֮䣬׵籬ϵںϵ档
񽣱εȿֲʹ㶼Ҫܿâǣб׵磬ȫżɣ˿ɱ׶Ҫֲ
Ϣϵıϵû뵽żУޱɡ
䡭䡭
£񽣳׵ı׵ϵĺĵѵƬ׺֮Сⱬ㺧ȻĿһĻеŵᱻٵ㾪ɲǣ׵εȿֲ޷ŵⱩεȿֲϢŵɡ
ϵû뵰УǸޣеϢ͵ڣ񽣷·һŵһƵģ񽣾Ȼŵһ
㿴һĻʧԼһĪķ̣
ģѽô£ԼĵҪںϣԼмһˡʱһŵ֣ȻƤԼȥѵ˵ԼȲһŵɣ
֪ˣӾͻٵѽ޵ֱҧ˭һŵȥ鶼̫á
ҧݶһŵž񽣺ŵһ𣬾ͬӺαڵϢϵĳ뵽С
£㿴ŵսľһľͷҪǿ̫ˡǣȻŵ׾ٵˡ
һʲôħĵоͷƤ飬ŵֲ̫ˣֱ˼Ǵۣ˷ӿɡ
ľδ꣬ԭͨϣһɺɭӿ֣˿ھ֮е֣ϢҲĳŵȥ
䡭
һ𣬱籩ɷ籩ոϯʧһɶ㿴ĴͣⲻΪģΪ಻õĵˡ
һһȻ˽ȥ뵽֮С
㿴һĻԼĺëˡոʶŵǿû뵽ŵǿԶԶʲô
һѾˡڸǣȻˡɽȻ෴Ŀֲںһ뵽;ԴҪըѡ
Ϊһߣһۣᱶͷ۰ɡͬʱ֣ǾԲֱǺûʲô𡣿ǣнۻʶ飬ŵȴˣ
ŵ̫ǿ˰ɣ۶ȲϣѲǵеսɣֹɻ󲻽ĿһĻĻ
ͨϣӿ֣֮ͬˮڲϢֲ£;񽣵һһһ£ʽ뵽С
һɹӿ֮䣬ŵҲű仯ԭӲʥ޷ƿĿǿʼһϸСѷ졣ԭϾĿϣڳһϾߡ
㿴һĻֱֱĿŵʱʲôκһɶ׵Ĵݻŵ̫ΪʲôոǸб̹ˡ
ŵմȾϣŴ̹ǵĺҲ
ֲͨϵɢɢ֮뵽ŵСʥӹ;ΪֻΪʿܰزﵽ˿ԺͻͨǿཻľͬȲΡ
ǻͨıľǻλͨǺͻͨǿһġǣҲƽֲˡ
ҲͰˣ㾪ŵǡŵȻܰգ
ŵϳֵһССѷ죬Ҳȣ֪ŵǷǱƻˡ
⵽ʲôĵоޱȣֱֱĿŵѿһѷ졣
񽣵ϵУͨҲϵɢɢĲˡĵĲˡüѣʱĵֻѿ˴룬ûȫѿ
䡭䡭
ͨȫ뵽УҲ޹£ŵȫѷ죬ȴûƿǡһ𣬿ϾҪȫѣһ㣬⵰ƿˡ
㿴ŵ¾ֹ͵Ŀԭȴŵƿĵֻܴԭء
ǰɣϾҪƿˣֹͣˣЩûƿ
һüͷӹϵĵŵ֮룬һҲҲĶҪȻϵҲˡƷ˾񽣡ֻǣ֪⵰ܲ׵Ϣˡ
뵽⣬һӿ뵽Уһ£տʼЩܣ㻺£ȻʼȻյЩվա
Ϸһϲ׸ӵ棬£ٴѿѷ죬ѷѿ֮䣬Ҳʼģڵǵĵʱ⵰ǻһ㣬һ£ӿɹɵѪҺ


874 ӣ
ǻļһɹѪҺϵӿɺѪҺͬȪˮһӿɫҲ˱䣬ʩչҪֹѪǣ𲻵ʲôãʩչҲֹסѪҺӿ
ЩӿѪҺϵ뵽УԭӨĵǣѪз·ѪҺ
ЩѪҺ뵽֮󣬵ҲĵġǷѪҺЩѪҺ뵰к󣬵ǸͬѪһѪΣʮֵޡ
ͬʱҲŵգŵյײࡣÿһ˿ףǾͲϵĵ䡣
ʱѾ˲ŵˣĵѪҺϵӿͬˮһѪҺ˶ҪѣƵģȻʧѪࡣ
Ҫŵŵ̫棬ѲˡֻѪҺ
ˮѪҺ£ŵĵȫѿġԭŵͻֹͣѪҺ㾪ֵǣŵѪҺӷˡ
ģȥԼҪΪʬˡ
㿴ǰѪ쵰ƤĵŬĿҪֹסѪҺζŬɡ
ɫѾҰףŵʳѪҺ֮ҲһɹʥѪĲɢɲѪһģһʥѪķ֮뵽к͵С
Щ֮㸸װӡһѪǱ׵ı׵ķӡסĶͷϳצӡǡ
໡
צӡǳֵʱһ𵴶Ѫ֮ع񱬷
ڷӡѪ֮ȫ֮ѪҺɢļµĹһ֮䣬һɹʥѪеϢ͸С
ͷצҲצӰӰû뵽СӰû뵰УŵʼѿŵƤѣҲ͸˿У׵뵽ŵ֮С
ԭʵѪҺҲֹֻʱʳѪҺѾӽȫѪҺ֮һˣҪʵǿ´ʱվվˡҪǣʵʧ˶ʥѪҺԲоԼʵ½˲١ҪǸոոոս𾳣ʵҪ˵ˡ
ԽǿԽѪ֮ǿѪҺþԽ󣬾ѪģȻ˵ʵ½Ѫ㣬þҲ֡ҲΪʲôܶ޽ӲǶʵΪǵѪҪľˡ
ر㣬ʥѪдһеĴеϢ˶ԼӰ켫ԭʵﵽ𾳵㣬˵һ𾳡
ȻֻļˣֻҪѪָ˲ܻص𾳵ʵ
ֻ֮һѪôָܻ
ҺԼһҽʿҺԼвٵҩģҩҩġҪȻһ鷳
һȻ̾ϢԼʵ½Ѫ㣬Һõǣŵֻ֮һѪĳܷΧڡĻָָܻġֻǺķһЩʱѣ
˼ջȡһЩҩһЩĿ⿴ƿֵĶⶫë׵ģܳŷལֻмСëѩף㾪ȵǣѩ׵ëʱʱЩ
ëףĶԽԽһֶȷžֶӣ
ЦõĿǰë׵Ķת˫챦ʯһ۾ת֮㡣Ѿһֻɵӡ
ʲôЦһżзһֻӣǲģ
͵ĿǰСǰСİϣСŶ֮䣬һƬƬǱʳ˽ȥЩǱʳȥֻ֮ӾɳӼСĳɳһƴСЩȫʳȥ֮ȶһ˰ƴС
ֻӰѵȫʳɾ֮һã͵һԾ˼ϡ
ļϣоԼһѪϵһ
ָоôģԷôѪҺָо֣ԷʵѪҺҲһģһֵһ
һֻͽܳΪֵˣԴѣоɸоЩѳֲסҪε
һżһֻӣһֳֻΪֵܣбϲ
ǲû㣬û
㶢żϵӣֻҲ챦ʯ۾۵СۡҲܺĴ㣬ǰʲôֻѪеĸооС
ںֻӶһ֮ڴ˿ʲôߵ뷨һѰץ֮ŸоֻӶôһƵģȻáоֻӣĴҪŨ֡
ӣҲһֱӡ
ץֻ´ûʲôڽʵһ塣
ֻӷ·ΪԼĻһ͵Ľ˼ʯ۾Ŀ⿴յľ񽣡ͻȻһԾž񽣾ͼȥ
㿴һĻɫ˱䣬Ҫץʱŷֻӿ硣ٶȱҪ켸֣ץӡ
ǵģ
Ӵ󺰣ϣԼĻ񽣺ֲȻ棬ոаɿֲڿһܰ롣ȥǾ񽣡
ɴ۾ǣֻһץž񽣡ѵԼѾ˼޷ץסľ񽣣˿̾ͱץצ֮У
ʹĲ˲۾֪񽣵Ϣֻˣ񽣲̫ǿž˹ɵıץţ㻹̲סһȻһʥȥˡģ߳жȻһֻӡ
̰ѣȴòʵ
צ֮УһվͲϵС뵽צ֮УΪצצӡ
㿴ž񽣻צ̲סһҪһצץȥεȿֲǾ񽣰ң˭ôһֻӵצӣ
ĵţǲѵһֻӣûˡ
ֻȡþ֮ٴλصļһ¾񽣴̴塣ҵǣӶԾ񽣿ƼΪ죬צУûи˺
ץüѡ룬㲻㾪ȵǣζ඼˺ӣ㲻ϵļȫʮɵֻ֮ûʹĴŸ·ĦƵġ
Էֱ̬ܵҧǣҲ𺳲ѡֲ˵Ļ۾Ȼ顣ǵ۾ҲҺ޵ֵı࣬ȴˡ
δҲֲ̫˰ɡ𺳲ѡŷͬǿ


875 ӵ
һɴ澳඼޷˺ӣǺεȵĹŹֺǿ룬Ǳ۷ˣһԷһ㷴۵İ
⵽ʲô֣û˵ǿӰһȴòӵǿ㿴һָͷܴģҡͷЦһǹƭ˵ġ
СһԺ͸ңĺġӵԴӷ·Ƶģ͵ķǵĥ֡
һռ䣬ȥвûбĶЦһʥҲ湻˵ģڳһһֻӣҪʲô
ռУҲûҪȥѪ̫࣬ܰȫһЩҩָѪϾѪ̫ˡҪǲָһЩĻҲһ⡣ǿߣͻᱶг
ҪǣŲǿغ档Ҫǳȥ֪ᱻΧʲô
Ҳ֪ûصʿᣬûаʦҪǻûʦӵ˶ԷΧˡ
һʼָһЩѪռȻ󡣿ԪȴʮŨдһҲ¡
뵽⣬΢΢İ˱ϾƲ̳öкúõʱ䡣
һֱûжҩĵ㣬ڶʵﵽ֮ӵд֮ÿƸ߼ĵҩҩʺϵҩġ
㵱˲٣׾ҵ˲ٻָѪĵ־Ϳʼ
ﵽ澳ӵԼĵʩչػǵӦ֣˫оԼҩ֮롣ڻ÷龳Ҫǿ
ӿƵҩüͷܲ⡣ϣ߱ϣرǿһɹɵӿҩģҩʱֻӾȻҲѧģѧڷһʱоȻŴϢ뵽ҩ֮С
ЩϢ뵽ҩУԭһ»ƻҩƽ⣬㾪ȵǣ֮뵽ҩУǵûƻҩƽ⣬ЩҩӵľҩҲһ˿Ϣ
ŹֵһĻ㶣ϾʹϲԭҩʧܣӵİȻɵĳɹʡ
ҩ£Ҳϵ͸һɹɴ֮ɴ֮ʮͣɹɴ֮£ҩ۶ɡ
˲䣬ŵ¡ڵȻ⣬Լ塣һ״£ѪҲ΢ǣǿҲЩܺġô澳ͷ۵ĵǰȴ΢׾پ͸
㿴ų¯һҩȡһţûж˽ȥɽȥ֮ŵҩ˲仯Ѫ뵽УоԼѪŻ
ҪǣѪУҲ˼ִϢ⼸Ϣת֮䣬û뵽֮УоԼҲƵģһɺĸоӿڴĸ͸ɺ
ĵҩ
֪ԼƵĵҩ϶ûЧǴʱЧ϶ӵĴ֮ںϵԵʡ
㿴һֻӣиǾ棬ȻɢϢ͸ҩܣһʲô

ڿռ֮д˺ܾãе㲻ϵƵҩʳָѪǣѪԶеԻָ㲻֪ƳΪ֮ĵҩЩҩҪǸĴ澳ߵĻҪ˵ʧ֮һѪǶ֮һѪûУѾָˡ
ʱȴָһѪɸоѪо岻ѣʥѪôֲ
ԽǿѪҺָķѵҪԽ󡣵û뵽ҪôѾõҩˣֻǻָһѪ
ĵѪصǱ壬ô߽׵ҩָ£Ҳõ߰˰˰ΨֻԼȻֻǻָһ롣
ò˼飬ʱ׻ѪҺ׺εȵ죬ѹֱƺΪʥѪͻѪѪ֮ǿûܱȵϰɡ
һ˼ջȥĿ⿴һۻ߻ӣΪԼָѪҲ˲Ҫ뵽ҩеĴ֮٣ԼָܻһѪ
ˣܶڻָֻˡϵҩӦָֹܻѾ˲ˡӦúö˰ɡңʦҪԸĻҲӦ档
뵽⣬Ҳʼſռ䣬βܳȥ̳
ãûҵȥĵطüҪһֱаɣ
˵ʱҲļϣ仰ʹҡССԴë׵ʮֿɰ
ˣЦʵ˵
ʹͷԴǵĥĻ
Էͨ飬ҲȵĿ˿ӣȻûа취뿪
󿴿ҿǵ˵ͷ
ܣ㾪ȵĿֻӣޱȣԼ޷ȥȻܴԼ뿪
ƺĻɺܲ໽һȫëȻ
УӺܿèСйСĺͻһС
Ŀһֻ˲֪ٱӣ޷Լͬ޻һ޴ӡҪһͷҲͰˣһͷӡ޴ûи͵ĸоԵÿɰ
ҡҡͷԴβָָԼıϡɻ󣺡㱳ϣ
ӵĵͷУܻɵ˵㵽ва
ͷȻ˵ĻɣβһϺ󱳡֮צ͵һ˺һ˺ռѿһͨͨ֡
֣ͨӰһԾͼ䵽֮ͨУڿռ֮д塣
ޱȣ߾ŵǬڿռ⴩塣ǣֻȴܣڿռ֮ˮһ㣬ߣܿռ֮ޱȣɷ粻ϣȴ˿ܿӣռ֮оۻһ׾ٵߡ
ôܣӵпռ䷨ľͷҲȲɰɣ
𺳣ò˼顣
ǣ㾡ܲţֻӾˣռ֮磬㼤ٶȿ硣

û뵽ռʱԭƵļ̳ͻȻѿһѷ졣һѷͬ֩һϵӿ
䡭䡭
һ죬̳ѷԽԽ󣬵ż˳Сѷ춼洦ɼ
ڶ߿̳ˣһִ󺰵ã̳Ҫˣҿˡ
찡̳ҪˣʲôԭѵǸõеĶü̳ġ
пܣҴǰˡõʲôҪ³
ԣԣѷɰͷҲҲʥ̫ģֻҪܵõһЩͿˡ

˷ܣֱֱĿż̳


876 ֵ
䡭
̳ѷԽԽǿʥƲļ̳ȻĵӿɹɿֲԪӿĹ䵽ʮͷ޻֮Уʮͷ޻ڼ̳ӿֵȫ֮Уʮͷ޻ıľ޻Ⱥ֮УǵĻβͬһЩߡ

׵ļ˲ҽУ屬ѿڷ߾ųȺľ޻Ѫɫľ޻Ȼײп񱩡Ͼ̳ǾͲ֡ʮͷ޻ȴĹ
ʮͷ޻εǿǿͷʰҲÿһдʮͷ޻Ⱥߵв֪
ǵľȴֻ㣬ż̳ĿܣʱҲƵģĳȺУʼߡ

Щܺ;޻亦һҽ޻Ϳ˺ѡ
ԭһż̳뿴Ӽ̳ߡ޻ͿһѾûоż̳ˡһ˺;޻ܵĶУʹλֵľͷҲ޻Χ
ͷһ򱩶ھ޻ϳ˾޴죬أľ޻ҲĳһѺۡǾˣЩ޻ǷĹͷ
̳Ϊ棬ɭĸоҲʧһɶԭƵĿռ䣬ٴ̫âͬʱڼ̳һââмߣ硣ܶ˶δâ
ȻҲ߿ֻھ֮Ҳû̫⣬ʼֵſܺ;޻Ĺ
ܵвЩֲ߱սǿ߾Ȼ˺˿ܡǣҲʧأٵڷѪȾƬء
̳֮ʣ˵Ѫĵ
ð˴̹ǵĺ⣬Ϊʲôʿᱻ½ɱˣа̵ֶΣǵܶĺɡ
޻Ϳܵǿֲģ̳˼֪ڷѪ

Ȼҵһûпʱڻ޻մԽһâ֮㶼㲻ˡ
ֻȴϲƵģڿռ֮д岻ϣԽռ䡣
Ȼռļ԰һ档ռߣҲ֪˶Զֻ湻ˣŴӿռ֮м档
ڴϣٴλƴСͷǰֺ·˵Ƶġ
һܣ̳һβ̵ľ롣Ȼӳ˼̳ƬһӵԴ˵㻹ʲô
ͷ룬ҲûһȻŲ˼İͷ֮䣬·Ƶġ

㿴Իӣ档ӿ϶бֻ޷˵ǡʥµĻܹмأοڼ̳Ҳ棬ҪȥĵطȫԴͷȥ
ֻӵԴҡͷЦñֵãҪȻͰˣʧѪ
ֻӣֻ˿⣬ǵĥ˼֮󣬾ȻһһǷ
žҪ۾ӣ㵲ѣֻѵͬճӤһ˯ɣ
㾡ܾȣ׼ŵͼУͼѾһС磬ȫ˯
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ֻӣֻͻȻײ㲻뵽ĳеһͷԳӣѵ⽫ΪڶͷԳӣ
ĸ̾δ꣬ͷײϣû뵽УȻͬһʥһ뵽С뵽㻹δüб˼ͻȻоű
о뵽֮Сڵ˲俴ŵһĻֻĵ֮Уצץž񽣣һڵﻮ
㺹ëˣһԼĵﻹܴ
ôҲ벻ǣһûиʲô˺ڵпһռ䣬Ӽ䣬û뵽ռ֮Уһ𣬳˯
֪һĻз˾ξˣĿԼͻȻֵһռ䡣
찡ӲֻڿռˮĴߣȻܿٿռ䡣
𶯣ռ䲻ɣпռ䷨Ҫռ䶼Ǽ򵥵顣һĿռγɣǽγɡƵĵռ䡣ǽһЩܶռĲϣųɾ˿ռ䡣
ҪԼռ䣬ȴʮֳ飬Ҫǣһ˿ٿռ䣬ֻܴͲܽ顣еĿռ䣬˵һҪռ䣬ǾҪͨռǿĶࡣռͨռ֮䡣Ŀռ䣬һռ䷨ľͷܿ
ǣӾһ׾پͿٳˡǺεȵ죿һĿռ䷨۾Ҫǿ
һٴΰ뵤ֵеԪϵ͸ռ֮У漴뵽ӵСԪ֮Ҳ͸һ˿ĵС
Ȼ͸ӵԪĲɱ͸ȥʮĻľֻʣһˡ㲢ûΪѹϲ
ֻϷԪϡ٣˿ԪȴӵϢĴ뵽ĵУһִƵģӡĵС
ʲô˷ܵ飿ǧһ־ܲ봫ˣǼ컯Ҫڶ־ˣǺܶǿߣһҲֻһִ
ȴܵôڶִȫֻӷƵġ
˼ʵķļҪ˿Ļἵʵķ񡣿ǣļȴǰˡ
ҪǣޱȣĴ϶ǷƷ˵ҲĴڡҪܵõĴԼҲźһ뵽ڿռдɣ뵽Լ⿪ٿռ䣬̲ס˷ܡ
ĺһģһ˷֮һҪӳΪֵˡ
зһ˿˿֮Ȼʮ΢ʱĻۣһܳɳɲġ
뵽⣬ԺҪӺһЩ벻ٿҪԺˡ
ţԺһţͽµһã
źԼµһҶף
ԼûлҲջȡһЩָѪĵҩʳȥ͸Ҳ뵽㵤УʳԪ
ʳԪ㵹̫⣬屾ŹŶɵľ󣬴ʱҲת˾Ԫ󡣶һͼС磬Ԫ㷴ϣһЩĴࡣ


877 ϣ
ֻջأ뿪۾ȴ͵һһ˵Ȼˣβһ
Ļո£һӰŴЦһ䵽ǰ棬һ治ͬ졣
ȻϴЦ⣬ȴ쳣𺳡һֱżδ̳֣ż˲䣬ҲԶԶıܿҲ˿һâռ䣬ɻһ·׷Ȼٶ׷ֻŴŵķ򲻶ϼȻ˷򣬾Ȼ׷â
ҲԤϵâ棬Ȼվ㡣
ʶңɻĿĲӣ˵㲢޽ɡ
仰ԷЦʶһ£ϣȻδ㣬żȻϽõһϢõ񽣣ؾǸˡ
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ܱǸ㻹ûʸ֪㶢ϣ˵Ҫûʲô飬ˡ
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ͻȻЦ˵˵ȥҪʥˣ
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㶢ŶԷЦǱЦЦҪǲأ
ӿҪˣȻŲ̵ľ룬ǴǺܶǿ߻ӦҪ˼ĻʱӾͲֻǷһˡǺܶ˶ҪҪһˡϣЦеĿ˵Ӿأ
۾ֱֱĶϣҲһԡϣʱЦ֪вɱϾҪǾ˼̳ǿߣȻвǰ뿪ˡ
ΪвĵɣҪб£͵ȥҪû£͹㶢ϣ
ϣԼˣСԴˮ𣿾ȻԼвǿӲ֪֪Ҫǿ߸ôһ°ɡÿ˶θôСֻҪһ֡
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ЦӶԷѹЦ֮ǰȻûд̽ʮ𾳶սδ𾳵ﲻɡҪʶ࣬ٸһλ뿪ҪȻ
ĻȻϣţһƸȣ㣬˵ȻˣҾ¼С
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㣡Ҫսʱ򾪶ˣ鷳ʹˡ
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Էһգһ죬ƱĲȴ޵ķΧڡȻҪռʥҲ뾪ˡ
Էˣһƺ˳ȥͶԷһһֲȵ˿
ⲻܣԷĵɣǺȻ֮ɫ޷㵽˺ͬȾ硣
ɨ˵㲻ŵ黹ܶ࣡Ѿɥʧ˼ȥʸˡ·
ϣɫ˱䣬屬ֲƣҪ𶯾ŷ֪ǿȻҺ㽻棬߾ŵǬҪǺͬһȼĻȻǶ֣ȻˣֻܾǿǰˡȻҪõʥĸʺСںһЩ
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ָ㶯趯һ趯֮䣬Īĵ۳ϣѹȥϣͽ־ͲĶ֣о͸Ķˣ𵴳ͶԷϣѪҺѪɫ
һ֮䣬ϣ屻Ľڽںˣˡ
ϣӰϵ㣬¶壬ûԼһ졣Ϊ𾳣Ҫ𾳵ߵﲻ׸Ǳ˳Ϊ顣
ǣ˿ȴڱ˵дֵĻᶼûСǿķһ˿
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ȻΪİͷŹһɱϣȥ
ŹңҸһܣϣﰧӲϵĺˡ
һ߸ϵĤݵĸоΪ澳ŮȨȡζᡣ᲻ʧȥһЩΪЩ˲Լ澳ϣǰ
Ŀһۣվֹͣ˹ңʲôܣҪûջĻĸѹ
˵Ź𣿡ϣﰧеĿ˵
㵭˵ûиּۻ۵ʸҪô˵ҪôԼѡɣ
˵˵һƾҪ£ԷϽ˵
ǽΪ𾳵ĴУӵͳе֪һűϣ￴Ͻ˵
ʲô㿴ŶԷ˵
Ҳֻ֪֪ҵĵͳˣΪطˣΪ˲ΣֻµͳˡǣֱƬУ֪ŸŲ뵽۾
ĵط㾪ȵĿһ۶Է۾ҪĵطǾ̫ˣЩţҪĵط˷
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˵ͷҲ뿴ǲĵط̫˼ˡ


878 ص۶
㿴ǰʯΪĩЩ񣬸ոնԷ̵ͼͼĵʯ޷ס
ɽ㾪ޱȣĵƾԲ򵥣˵ĶҪĵطв۾Ҳ֡
㿴ϣ˵Ȼ޷ӡθܣ
ϣϽ˵Ըȥ
ҡҡͷʱԸȥĸطҵһ취ҶģҲȥ
˵ϣ¶ϲɫ
ȥһߣһʿʿһ־ֹ֪˵ûУ㿴ϣ˵
ϣɫ䣬ɫѪɫֹ֮İǹʿһΪɭҲǸͨһһʩչϣһжܵʿĿƣᱻʿ׿ơʿҪҪΪһ߿ܡ
УϣʸھܾӦΪһ߸ϵߣôԸΪ˵Ŀܣ
㶢ϣﵭ˵ҪȻ˵ǵطȤҪûˣһɱ㣡
ϣﾪֵĿ㣬岻ϵĺˡҪΪĿܣܲ˵ġǣɭҪǲӦֻ·һ
һһǿܣⶼϣﲻԸܵ
ȻΪܣ㻹šڱ˿ɸ߸ϡǣҪˣһжûˡҪǣֹȥʵҲ϶𾳺Ҳϲ١
ҪϣֹһҪô漶ϵƹ壬漶뵽УϣʵǳΪܵĺôǰ츳
ϣҧݣɫ԰ף龪֡
ٸһᣬǴӦӦӦϣﵭ˵
ϣ￴һƾҪڽʵֵغҴӦ
Էˣһָ㶯һ澳걻弤û뵽ϣ֮С
ſ꣡ϣ˵
ϣ֪һԼͽΪܡϣ֪Ҫһ˿ĿܣԻɱ
ϣֻɫɹ뵽Уһǣ˲͸оԼ˼ơϣ֪Ҫ㲻ҪˣֻҪùѣͻ᳹ױѣΪˡ
ϣ˵˵ǸҲ˵ʵأ𾳺⡣
ĻϣҪƿڴΪܻǸȻΪʲôΪ˿ܣ
ȻϣҲֻ˵ĽԸҲýܡ
Ժͽүϣ˵뵽λǰϽʱԼҲòˣԽǸŴǰ򰵸Ӱ󼸷ʵ
ǣүϣ㣬ֻܹĶԴ㡣
гоͷЩѣ֪ԼѪԵʡʩչôõѪ㿴һϣδﵽ𾳣ҪȻ鷳ˡ
ԼڵѪս𾳻ѡ
ǵþָѪˣԼ𾳵ʵҪѪĻǲ𾳵ĴڡҪȻԼڵ𾳻鷳תϢָԺеѣ˲ٵʱϣһ뿪
ɣһ漶ĿܻǺܳ飬ĴǸʥҲСǣӵһж⣬ϣ׾ܡ
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ҲΪԭٶֹΪõԽ࣬ΣԽ
һ·裬ܿԶԶż̳ʱҪ׷¶׷ˡ
ڸоԼȫ֮㲻˼ŽҪǰʿǾԲȥģǾʦҪ֪Լõʥ֪ô衣
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ϽԽ֪ٹҪûпռͨĻ֪Ҫ²ܴﵽ
үǰһ壬Ǹ嵱ңȻδӦǹϵöԷĿռͨһò⡣
ϣĻ˵ͷ˵ţǾȥ
ֻүУҪ֪ĻöѣҶΣСԡ
û£͵УһҲỳɡν˵̬ȵϣ㶣ΪݣܷΣֱš
ǰҲʥʥŮЩ˵ϷˣҪǹӼǧѡ
˵ҲһݣʱôҶ

ϣ˵彻ǳһߣֵùֺáҪͨԷĴϣǰͨϣŵȻ⡣
һ·裬ڿռͨдԽǰϽռͨǰǴǵ۹۶
ڿռͨд˲ʱգ㿴ǰΡĳǳʱһ㶡û뵽ϴûлصһȴˡ
ص۶ȥȻǵۡݼҲϲѣСӻңһΪʧˣҲǵûĸˡǰλѵǣﶼңֻϲƯŮ߿ϲ۾ˡ
㱻ôһ˵ɫҲЩ糺죬ȻһЦˣ绨˿㣬۾ֱˣҪȻҲ׷ᡣ
Ц֪ҶûҶ˼ߣֻŮˡǰЩһҪԶһЩ
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һ㶣û뵽
ͷЦ˵ͷҲûнͣϾֹҲʲôٵ顣ֹϹžͱܶ˷УƣҪԼʩչаҲϲ
㲻Ը˵ҲûжʣȻˣ졣غ׳ˣһھҲܹµ
ĻЦҪء
ȻȥչʱҲȥҪȵǰ֮
뵽ң̲סһǰңҲЩӣһļ壬ҳΪһδҳֵǺܶ˶ķɡ뵽㣬ǰǸӡ


879 ŵ
ҴԺУڴԺһӾأӾУһƤŮˣŮһӾװǰıȻ᲻ͬԷӾװʮֵ죬ǾˣҲܿĳӾװа弫á͹µĽˮл򸡻ʱʱܿظͦζęŸֳ˵ߣˮżȣְֳס
ŵӾԻ˲ٲڸнһӾءŵ˵Ҫ󲢲ʲôҪԺܿͽһӾأŵҲÿӾʱĶǵȻ
ŵˮζͬһ㣬εߵʱŵͻȻֹͣüͷ壬ǻδ˵һϤ̾
ŵʲôʱİˣˮӾȵˮСˡ
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ȻһЦЩһֱܼһָѪĵҲ뵽ŵȻǰǣû뵽۸
֪ŵӾ̴̲סǰˡ㿴ŵЦôŵ㲻ӭ𣿡
Ŀ޼ɵǿҵԣŵһڣ֪һ޼ɵûзС
˫۾ջȥŵһ˵СƨԽԽɫˣֿʼռұˡ
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ŵϵ·ѵĲˣļıһŮҪãŵ̲סһƤŮ˶ἵˡ
ȻһЦȻ֪ŵ˵ԼƤҲΡÿƤҪһݣڸϸ嵯Ů˶ҪǿܶࡣҪĹͭɫƤԶܲȴı䲻ˡ
ŵ㣬ҾͲԶˣŵҪƤ翴ҵ塣룬ǿ׳ŵЦ
ŵô˵Ŵ㣬֮䣬ŷһƵ£Ȼǿ׳ͣΪԵʣ
ŵţɫ̲סһΣĿ崦תƿ˵ˮСҿôС
ŵ˵꣬վ㣬վˮУ¶ˮ⣬߸߹ظ˵۾޼ɵĴ촽ϸ֫ٵԷˮеęְֳ׵ĴȣûˮУܸоеľŵǲǵһֻˮлţĸоѩ㡣
һöĵĻ棬̲ס˵ĸо
ŵĽ̲סһԾû뵽ˮУñˮѹסĻ档
ӾȻ޷˵ˮзٳŵĺܳ
ǲȥһӾ˾Ȼƴڱƴ֮䣬ⲻҪһЩഥĸоеĵԺۻʮ߰Ůй޲
㵹Ҳ̫ţȻռռŵˣȴȥһζ󶼵˰ߣˮУŵԴЦҶƴ㻹˼˵ԼˮС
ȻһЦ˵ⲻŵʵܵõʮɵķҪȻܶȻʵʮ
ޣŵһۣոտ˿û֣ȫǰʵӵʮˮ׼
㿴ŵŵˮ̨ϣԲķęѹȥˮţͳһ𡣼ջ
ŵ㣡֪֪ģ߳ȥʪջºܶ˶ҪӾ¡
ŵһۣȣվסֳߵԡס˵СӾͲܴһ㣬ĺССͺ뻨һ֪Ůӱˣ
㷭˷ۣҲ̫СˣǻСŮҪҲҪŵ
ŵĶͷҪˣСƨʲô˵뵽ոյ壬̲סɫ˺졣ŵҲȫСƨ
ôһ룬ŵϾΣ˦˦ͷԺе뷨˦ȥתƻЦõ񽣣ʱصϽõ˻ˣ
һŵôõϢġ뵽ŵݣֻȻһֲܿϢŵ֪Ҳ֡
㲻Ҫ֣һֱעʿ̳û뵽ܵõеƷܲóǸгҿһŵЦҪ浽ʲô
һ仰ͬҧһ͵վĿŵ˵ô֪һУ
з˾ξˣһֻԼ֪ûи߹ˡҲûб˽̳֮Уŵô֪ģô֪
ԭɵ٩ŵģҲûУ˲ÿŵջ̬

ŵ㣬Ǵżֵ⣬СӲʵҾ㣡
ŵЦŲԼķӦЩңɿӲ壬ٴûˮУˮв࿴ŵ˵ŵ㵹⣬û뵽ŵ֪ʲôŵ㲻˵˵
ŵЦֻ֪һУʲôҾͲ֪ˡܲһҵĺģ
ŵô˵Ц˵ҪǸ˵һ𣿡
һ仰ŵ㶣漴ЦЦǧģŻ
㣡˵ҲҪһĻѰ˵˵ǣֲһҪ֪ŵЦ
ȻһЦҲŵĻ㲻ŵģɲԼ˵ֻҲܺ棬ŵ֪һеġ
ŵЦеĿ˵һ֪ʥ֮ӡõˡ
һ仰ͬը죬㿴ŵ˲ˡŮ֪Ķ̫ˣô֪ʥ֮ͨﶼĶȻ֪ԼϡҪǶԼе⣬Լ֮ء
ֻҪϢȥңԱסԼ
ŵƺ֪ʲôһ۵ģҪ뺦㣬Щ𣿡
ٺ٣ҲӦҲǣԼŵĹϵҲ㼫á
ûŵẦҡֻǾȣŵε֪ģɻĿŵ
ɽа취ŵЦеĿ㣬ҺֵǣܵõġҪвѣоȷʵܽУҪȴѡοģֻȡˡûп
ԽоŵأŮ֪Ķ̫ˡ·ǰǸ̳ƵġŵʲôˣҲΪŵĶϱˡҪֻһݣ֪Щ
ЩЩǿﶼ֪ҪȻҲܷʥ֮ˡ
뵽ЩĿƵĿŵŵԸ˵Ľ棬Ȼصľ޴ܡ


880 һǰ
ǰ欵ŮˣڶԷǳЦȻУվ̲סʵŵԹʿ̳ȻôϤΪʲôǰⶫȡߡŵɱ˵ҵģҿɲš
ЦеĿŵĿ⻹̲סǰɨкܵǹĹĵػӾ¸ƣʱԼҪѪˡѪ㣬һЩѪǾ̫òʧˡ
ȵעŵֲ֣ҲŭȻڵЦſ˵ԭ˵˵ģǱǾˣðɣʵ㣬ҵҪõǶģ֪ǶңõҲãԲˡ
˵⣬ŵ˶٣ЦеĿ˵ʥµĶĵӱܡӶ򲻿ҵǺܺ棬㵽״ûд򿪣
ŵֱֱĶ㣬дѯʡ
û򿪣ŵӦúɡЦеĿŵ
һ仰ŵɫ˱䣬֪𰸣ǵõȷϣȴ̲ס˾ξˣнȥѣֻҪлʥǾܽСѵûпУʹгʵԽ˵ʥӣҲܴг
˵⣬ŵ˫㣬ת֮䣬һһ˵ԣֻݵˣܽдУ֮гҵǺܺ棬ݵʲô˼Ψһġ
ŵĻеȻ˲١ѹԼѪҺܴ򿪣ѹеļҲԼѪҺŷԭҪѪҪǻѪУǾֻˡѪŵ˵ˡ
ǺǣŵȻ֪ô࣬Ȼ֪ݻ𣿡ЦеĿŵ˵
ŵҡҡͷ壬вûбġǣɲۣҲ㲻ݡҪڹǰ⣬ҵ뵽һǾǵʥ塣
仰۾ĶɤӿڡŵϵغʥѪҲԸ֪Ͼһ֪ͶһաǣǰŮ˾Ȼµˣ𺳵ͬʱŵһ仰һ
ҪʥѾȫỳʥˡŵĿת֮䣬Цȴʥ壬ҵ벻ʲôùˣһغʥ
Ϊŵ֪ô࣬ܰһж³û뵽ŵҲܵġЦеĿŵ˵ŵҪǸңʲôݣҵǻῼǸԭġ
ŵתЦ㲻˵Ȼ˵Сƨһ롮Ůô֪ôࣿʲôˣƫƫ㣬ȥ

ŵô˵ʼŵҲһ϶֪ʲôͬʲôˡ
ŵЦҵ֪㲻˵Ҳ޷֪ص۵ĵӣ㹻ˡڵ㹻ϺˡеĶҲҵģҲ⡣ʥ֮ļֵһòϣҲϡЩܣȥҵĺģһöûС
ŵ˷㵣ôһ˵ǾԼܶŵȷʵûʲôá
Ȼ䣬ŵҪûв´ĻŵӦú͹ϵͬѰɡܺ͹λʥйϵҪȻܶ˽⡣
°ŵϣҲϡ
ʼܹųȫ𣬵²ǾԵġ壬ҲΪûˣǾ֪һ˵ŵǹ֮ˡ
ĻŵЦЦĻ֦չСƨܲܵḻ˵ۣ嵱Ҳ©֮㣬еһ
ŵô롣㵹Ҳϡ
˵ĺһҪᱻƭˡŵЦеĿ㡣
ŵĵϸȻҲȥȷţŵȻʥŹϸֻǲ֪ʲôϵѡҪȻܶԼ̳˽⡣
ˮͬһζ㣬Ҳ˼ջȥȻ֪ŵػʲôŵʱûе⣬ʱõŵ֪Լӵʥֲ֮ĺ
ҲһԾˮǱζȥˮиĿְֳ׵ڻζһһʮջġ
ŵ󷽣֪͵Ҳ⣬ˮζ㵹ԼѪƵϰ͵ŵ
ǱľٶŵһۣǱĵ˵СƨǿءԭҲǿиɣ
ЦãԼѵӣȻˡ㲻޺޲Ǹ£òԼ޲ˣ
ŵЦ뿪޲޲ɡŮ˿һ̵õ壬Ǵ̶ţ֪ʲôûǲҪĺãοԷԼܡ
ȻӾأŵĬƵģ̸Եݣָֹϵ붼֪ԷƵģҲֻǰǵһ¡
ϼ֮Ȼ档һЩԾͿɰû㣬㣬ְְְֵĽиͣرǽŵ衣㲻ɶŵüȻһЦŵ㣬ҪȻǾͰСӵԸΣ
ðҪֻȢһСƨΪһҲǲԡͿ᲻÷λС㣬͵Ǹ޵СˡŵЦ
ŵһ仰˲͡ŵ죬ܵļʻǺܴġŮ˶Լ̫˽ˡ
˵ˣŵЦ֪û
޵ֱҧǲ˵ŵϳٲƱ룬Ǵ˵ͷ
һ᲻÷ֿҪۡҲҪŻȥŵɻкΪʲôճ㣬´һ㣬ҲǺ˧ôģ
ִҪһҲȻԸ⣬ȥǡ
裡Ҳһɡ᲻뿪ְ衣ŵһŵ֣һ֣ͣǿɰ˵
ŵִҪ£ҲͷӦҴڸϸҲ¡ΣȥۡԸԸ⣿
һҪԸԼȻ⡣ǴʱصŮȴžԶ֮ĸоӦǸҼҡ
˭֪ҹϵǳΪǵˡһȥʲôѹɣ
Ǹ
ˣˡŵ㣬㻹δ˵Ͷˡ
ǹЩʱҪȥ⡣˵
ãҲһȥŵȻ˵
һ仰ûо֪ոԼǰǻӣĲĿġֻҪȥʲôҪȥʲô
ŵЦ㣬ֱǰۡ


881 ǰ
ڵ۶һ£һµĵϢѪҲָ˴룬ʵǰ뵽𾳵ĲΡֻûȫָԵʣԪھתҲЩ
ŵҲסھȻʮֻӭÿŸ飬ŵҲС˿֮ҡ
Ȼ֪ŵأͻĹ۲졣֮䣬Ҳܷŵ档ŵһٸͨ˺Ƶġȴ֪ԽŵԽء
֪̳ܵˣһͨŮˣԼ͸˵ŮǿЩ֣
İϻֹһԼǰƭˣһֱΪֻһľ£һƯͨٸ
һ£ҲŲͷˣҪһδ˽ȥͲȴˣոǰ𲽣Լܵȥȥһѡ
µ죬һλˣ㿴ˣ¶ϲɫ壡ˣ
ܿ˷ܣЦ˵Сôңô˷ܣ
ȻһЦҡͷ˵û̫ĸоֻҪȥģȥҲá
˵ҡҡͷЦʱ飬޷ǰһҴǰҡС׼ˣҪǻδãôٿסѹһʱ䣬Ƴؼڡ
ҡͷˣ壡߰ɣ
㾡֪صҪԸĲΪЩѾװеѹס
Ȼ˲ϿǾͻؼһ٣ֵ췭ظܻϿɵġ
شôᶨܵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲôЦ˵ǴĶӣеȻǽվ̻Ұɡ
ͷǰȥ𡣿ʱŵҲõϢЦеĿ㣺㲻һܰɣ
ŵĻڨڨһЦ׼ͽֱ뿪۶ġŮ̫أɲԸҡ
ɴ۾ǣŵֱֱߵܵǰŽ˵ܴܲһǰң
ɻ󣬰Ŀ⿴㡣㲻ۼҡͷڽ׼ܾʱŵͻȻջۼ⼸ۼʮֹ졣
ԭ׼ܾĽܿ⼸ۼɵͼɫ˱䣬ԭĿڷҲ͵һ䣺֮
ͣû뵽ܵǰ仯ô󡣲ܴӦҲ˵ʲôԺȴŵոջµͼȥ֮ҵ伮ʲô
֮󣬽Ҳ뿪۶ȡһʥʥͬսһ㣬ԭֻаƴĴ˲ŴһͷսУɢһϢ
㾪ȵĿͷսЦǸսĶʥ⻷ӣһȵռ籩ǿֲƽжܼ̫á棬ֱﵽ棬ⳤôţҲǺܼѵ顣˳˸սΪľǶӵĻͨС
㶢ս͸ĴϢǾȵʵͷսܱε
һսס治⣬ͷΪ棬ҵĵԵ۾Ҳ¡Цֱһŵ˽˴С
սȻʮֺ棬㵽
Ҳս֮и豸ȫŴƳЩڣɢź⣬ǿһۣܸоˣֲˣƺܸоĵĿֲ̲ס㻳ж˶㡣
оȣսϵһ̨ͼӣҪǱɺֲ
ܵû뵽ս𺳣һͷսûռ䣬ڿռмߣٶȿ磬ڿд磬ֱΪ
ŵЦȥƴǿ⣬ƴĸսսҵսٮٮ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷҪ˵սļֻеƫϣ̫㡣ļ壬Ǹ塣սǴȷġϾ廹ΪģЩֻżоһ¶ѡ
ܵĻ㵹ЦЦҲԴ󡣸սǾ֤Ĳÿһ嶼ÿһ·ûеǡϾҲ˼оĸսԽ⡣
ǰ·ңԶڿռ֮м䴩壬ʹԽܵʵҲ˴²뿪½⡣
罭˵Ļʮֶӣող⣬Ŀռ籩ӿϵĳʶ֪һռ籩ǿȣ̲סԾռ籩񱩵˺Ѵǿˡ
䡭䡭
һĿռ籩ڸսϣսȴȵߣĴϢɢһռ籩硣ЩϢԵģûжǶɢЩȴһ㶼ѡ
𣡡սǰУ磬˷ܵȴԶ
̧ͷȥԶĻ棬Щգռ䶼ŤϢ˺һ㡣
𣡡оȣĿ⿴򽭿ܣȴɫ䣬սȥ
˾ٶɻѣֲսûУ±˵ȼ𣬴漶ﶼҪͷۡȴûжսһ˿ķսϵҲû
ⲻֵôСֵġ⣬龳׼һսҪסЩ𡣵ҵսȴáܺܵȻ˵Ѿֲˡ
սû뵽֮Уգȴ˿ӴսսȻı֮棬һ˿ȵϢûС㱶档
ڴϱ˷СĵıһСģֱȥ
ĶӱҪǿĶ࣬磬һ𣬾ռ籩׵粻ϣһƬĩ֮Ƶģ˿ֲĻѹûսд粽ˡ
⼫ԶԶԽ˴½
лãû͵Ŀռ籩һȣҪȻٶҪ٣ٹһʱܵڵλˡܶ˵㽫ҲҪ׳ң⴫ǿĵطʹҲ֪ա
ܵĻĵ˵ͷոһĻĻˣʵҪɹֱ롣
ô˶ӵⱣɻŽܡ
ͨһжпܣЦļ壬Щֲļ塣ļ壬ܲǣ㾡Ҫȥǡ˵һ۵ļޱȵĻָ̺ˡ
˵֮䣬սٶҲǰҲĳһ޴ĳǱǱŹɹɴϢɢռ䣬ռʧһɶ쳣İ


882 ս
ֻһǶѣԶҪңһ⿪ٵһ޴硣ջսǰңҵĳǱ⣬Ҳս£гһˣŸǰҳǱ
ҲΪȻȲô½Ļͬ廥ͨԴķŵŲڳǱսЦΪ壬ǼΪɡܶ嶼Ը⵽Դɣ
ǺǣС㵹˽ܶ࣡սܻӣǼ֮ҵǺƵģ˲ڴ½ķң⽻Դܶ඼Ǵ½ûеġɴ½ǿҲǰ⣬Ծ͸ԷˡΪļ֮һȻΪҵġܴǱϵĽ
һ㶼˽⣬Ȼ岻ϻŵ˽⼫ͽ̸Ÿˡ㽥Ŵŵ˽⡣
СŨѹֵ겻ٹ½ǰ⡣ŵųǱŨ̾˵
бףȻӣȴ쳣Ũ񣬶ҽҵĶӣܰӴҲջ֮һ̸ЦĿ⿴ǰľŮӣû࣬ܺԼ̸⡣
ֱܴӴǰĳǱܳǱ֮зҲûפ㣺ǱֻǸǰҵŴҲͼĽгֻҵΧطûҪ˷̫ʱ䡣Ժʱ䣬Լ档ȴȥĸס
ܵĻզ಻ѣոǳǱ۶ҪȴֻΧĵطҵǿˡ
һ·ϵ룬ұеҪ󣬻˲ʱ䣬ŵ˽˵Ŀĵءһ·ϵţ㲻ٴΣнһ̵ĸоҵĿֲͺΰһС磬ֱһ۹ˡ
ĺģָǰȺɽ˵Ⱥɽƣ߲Ʈʥת֮䣬Źɹش͸ء
һĻԼ쳣ĻԾУ·Ҫ𻯳ɡ
ڵطҪڱĵطǧٱ̾ѹֹӶôǿһ͵ۼĻͲǱܱġ
Žܴ·Ȼһ·衣˺ܺĿŵˣ˭Ȼͼݼܴ·
Ⱥɽ֮Уʱоһɹϴ壬оһɹ͸䣬ѪҲŲĻָ
ĵط
һҵĺڣҵľ񶼾סУȺɽΪ顣ҲϼӳֵĵطǵĴӡСǿߣͨ٣ǵĴӡУʲôдϴҲд͸У봫ļҪǿ̫ࡣҲ峤ò˥ԭ֮һܽ͵
ŵҲܵԼı仯Ц˵ѹһУԶҪǿ塣Ҳ˵͵ط԰츳˶澳
ЦȻǿһЩǱҲͬƵĵط룬Ǻһ֮ء
֪أզ಻ѣǿߵĴӡУɢϢŴϢվŸ֪ܸоͱ˵Щ긴һˡһӵľõط
ͳǱķͬȺɽعȻʹ޽ĸ¥ȺɽΪһ壬ĺۼеһУѭȻĸо
ܴ㵽Ⱥɽһɽ壬ɽһߵĸ¥¥⣬ܹ˵ɩҰˣ
ܵĻ䣬һӰͼ˳ʮ𪣬Ȼǵ֡ǣȴʿԽԽͿֹŵˡ
ĸף㹧Ķǰĸһһĸס
涣һѰ뻳УҵĶЩ꣬һܿˡ
ʹѾԭǸ꣬ʱҲܵԷϵУţоϵˮʪ
ڸ΢ƽϢһЩ֮ſЦĸ׶ˣЩ굹ûгԿࡣ
˼ҶˣûгԿ࣡˵ۣǲĸףƫƫҪ档ߣҲʰҲ̫ˣȻͽԴҶ
ŵˣЦ˵˵ǲҪ̫ƽϣҶΪƭ˼Ů
һ仰ĸŵ˴ԼȻŮˣ̲סоޣĿɻĿ˵λǣ
˵⻰ʱĸ۾һѵԼĶӸһϱĸһŵ̵ͦƨɣֹţһ޵ĺŮˡ
ĸﻹ֪ʲôĵ׵Ը⣬Ůʡ͵ĵƣ
ŵ͵
㰡ðǺǣĸͶȥһ͵ڵ˲ϲϽÿʼСӻͦ³ģ
ĸˣҲ֪Ͳ壬ҲͣĿ⿴ŵͶȥһ˼ԼҪģԼ͡
ŵ󷽣ĸδƵģЩɿ˵Ժͽ̺𣿡
ããĸܿĵ˵
Ա߿ĿɿڴһĸŮ˵ݣǿĸ˿ģվûпڡ
Ǹɩ廹飬Ҿˡʵܲˣһ˵
ĸͷҲ⽭ܡŮһûĵλˣȻҲԸŽҪߣϽ壡ȵңһء
ͽܲУŽ˵Դܴȥ𣿡
㲻ǵСҶʱԴչˣԼʱĺֵܡ
Ц治ɣԴڽܵڶͳдܲ봫澳ٹһЩʱͻˣʱ㡣
ϲԴҲҪ봫澳ˣ
ǺǣŵͳУ봫澳ҲѡҪûǵ츳ҵϣͬ·ЦЦ
ˣ壡ŵʱǸͼʲô˼ʳԼʵһ⡣
ܿһ㣬ɨɨܣѹ˵ʥһͼ֪ͼʥϵǳ
ʥͼ㾪ȣ˭ʥ֮ˣⲻܣ
ȻܣǣȴԴʥ彻ǳ˵֪ͼ࣬ݺУҪȥѯһ£ʲôݡ
ͷŽ˵ҿɲȥ伮Ҳ˽һ⡣
ܳĬһ漴ҡҡͷʱԣʱûõŵϿɡܽصء


883 ɽ
ʱûʸǰȥۿЩżȻִҪȥݸı䲻ˣվҪȥġȻܽȥҲܿЩ伮֪Ҫۿѵ伮ȡ͸ۿ
Щ伮Ҳһ伮УҲŴŵ˽⡣ǣҲſ촫˵촫˵Ҳ̹ţǿһŻ˵Ķӡ
Ȼڸ¥йۿ伮صҵĵڶ쿪ʼʱʱʶɨĸ¥в漶ǿߡ
Ĳ̽Ҳû⡣ӻһ̣Ͳ²⵽ôһ졣
ĵ伮㿴Űѵ伮ꡣڿⱾ伮֮߳˸¥ǰĸ
ŵȻĸϲĸסĸ¥ĸⷬٶЩΣŵȴŵȻܣ
ҪĸͻȻѪҪΪǾлҿô졣ҵһᣬݺݵĶȻŮ˵
ĻŵЦĺܿģΪĵĿһ˵СƨȢң𣿡
㱻Էһ˫ۿŵ˵ʲôҵģƼң˰㣬Ͱǿˡ
ŵĴЦСƨва㲻˼ˣ
ƨݣݺݵ˵ңҵĵˣ㻹׸
ŵЦĻ֦չĿ⿴һЦеĶ˵ĵ̣δذɣûʲôŶǱЩ˶ȤŶ
仰ʹƤ̲ס˺죬߳ŭĿһҸ¥̽ѰûھȻ̽ѰԼĻô׶ƣһ
뵽⣬ܲһֱӱܣӰһԶȥ
ľٶҲöһļܾһֱ̽ѰԷûзӦȴû뵽һλԷֱܹҲǷˣܾ֮ϻָվǰ꣬´
ҲǰһȺŮȺ˶ŶʮңҲ˶١ϵϢÿһŴܵʵ֪һǿףǼ߰˸궼Ŵܵʵһ㡣رΪ׵ļʮ꣬ŵӿȻǴﵽ˴档
λЩһֱҵĸ¥Ҳع˰ɡǲǿ뿪ˣ㶢һȺЦ
ֻ뿴峤ĶӵʲôһҲˡΪ׵һЦ
ˣЦһ֪вǿߡ˵仰ҵҲʲôƾҲô˵
ĻһȺɫ˱䣬û뵽λĶ˲棬ֱӶһеٮٮɽȳ⡣յҾˣδ̫ˡѵΪλãȲɣ
ˣҵļְǣ˵Ҫ۵ġɽ˵ңǿΪҪ㹻ʵ˵ոǾ仰ҲˡҪǲǿ˵仰ƣҲһҪǸ
ɽĻӵɨһۣ˵㲻Ȼ֪ܲȴﻹҡҪҪҴλøȥǾǰ˵һλԡ
ĻһȺСӻ湻ŵģһͶסλ뵽λĿֲ̲סһ
鲻ҵܾġҪǾ͵ķڷ⣬ңҪΪʥӣǾ͵ӦʵҪȻ㲻ܺһɽ˵ĴͳǿΪ˭Ҳı಻ˣʹǼĶӡ
㵭˵ģĻˣûжȤˣ𻹾ץŲˡ
ĻɽЦйϣһֱйȥ
˵꣬һȺ˾ת׼뿪
һȣͻȻ
ɽüתͷ˵㻹ʲô飿
ЦȻδõǵϿɳΪֳܲЩǴĺεļܵи˵ɣ
Ҫʲô˵ɽЦʵ
ҪǱˣҶȻһЩۡǿ˵ķϣ۾ͲˣǸɣ㵭˵
ɽЦ㻹δ˵Ļ˵ǿΪҪҵǸԣǾ֤ǿȥɡ
Ҫ֤㿴ɽ˵
ɽֲ۾漴ЦȻ֪ʲô⣬ҪʤҵȣҵǸ
һϰɣ㵭˵һȻǸϣԺ˼ҵĸ¥رҺŮ˵ʱ򡣡
ôĿɽɫҲÿȻõһЩϢ֪ʵԷҪһ֮սˣ̲סһ
Լﵽ𾳶壬һͬﵽ档߶ﵽܣս󷨣Աֲˡ
һϰɡҪ˷ʱ䣡˵ûʱСɫ
ɽɫǺ죬ԼһҲٮٮߣڶԷȴСɫ
ɽߵͬ麰һ¡
ɽȻŭȴ쳣СġǰҲǷˣĵ׻Ǻܹ˼ɵģǺԸ㽻ֻ֣Է˵ĻΡ
㿴ŶԷɴҵȻ۵ʵſ𾳵ʵ
ֲֿ㾪Ȳѣľ󷨵ǿҪӪʵûʥƷġȻЩһ־ʥƷ󷨡
ɽЦ
ɽ΢Ц۾һȥ
ԷһŶԷĹ˹ȥȻѪûȫָȴָ𾳡ľȲ𾳣ȴ˿𾳲ͶԷ󷨺һſռ𶯣˲ͰѶԷ󷨸ķ飬ɽҲĵ֮Զ
˶ԷҲûмĶ˵Ǹɣ
ɽ𺳣֪λ򵥣Ҳû뵽ԷһƾܺԼĹǴŴﵽûô˿ֲ
ɽв⣬ǿӶվڵǸʵܵõҵ𾴣ǸǣҲ㣬бġҪλãǾͲᰲǣҡһʵ
㵭˵ⲻ㵣ģֻ֪̽ġȥǣҪҿԡʵһҪǿη뿪´ɲô˵
˵꣬ҲɽˣŲӾ׼뿪
ɽ뿪ıӰɫһٱ䣬վŲһȥﵽһʱվżˣŻɽЦ˵ǶˣԺҪȥɧϾǼӽʱһеȵʱ˵


884 ʢ
֮ļ죬Ҳû㣬ȻҲû¶ŪҲ׻ơصҪĿľǰ㣬ŵһŰְ裬㵵ĿʵʲôʱѺӶˣ
ʹŵô󷽣仰ɫɱͨ졣
ʱȴЦָŵ˵ǰͺˣ
ŵı飬ٿô뵽㼸ǰһСƨкӣεʵ˭ҵĺӣôǰְ衣
ŵϽͣȻֻһŵ漴ɫ˱䣬ŵ˵ǡ
ŵҲû뵽ҼôǿȻܰݿȻŵҲε˵ͷ˵
ҼɫҲŵ˵ʲôĿģ
ŵһ㣬漴˵ܷһĵط̸
ŵȻҪܿдǼı飬ŵʲôˣȻˡ
˵ͷŵ˵ȻԣǣƺΣлΪ˵ļһʢᣬҪҳ֡
Ա㣡Ҳһ죡˵⣬ŵЦ˵鷳ˣҿɲĵŶ
ŵĻ㷭˷ۣҲ
˵ʢὭûк˵
ͷ콭ܺ˵һʲôʢᡣҺӵĽʢᣬҸһһչͷⳡʢҲһעΪҵĴСʢбΪĵӣᱻһأĺôҲڼص
λһʢгͷһһĹעȫߵĵزһΪհҪĳ֣λöȻˡ
ҲǺܶһԵʣΪֻķҵλĪðǲϡ
δҳ󣡴˴νֵĻȻΪ˵Ľ㡣ͬģԵ鷳Ҳ᲻ϡûĽҪǲԸĻǾ͵һʢҲԡϾ㻹ᣬٵһҲ޷
ĻЦЦ״˴δһҲμʢɡҪҲ֣Եѹܴɡ
ЦЦ˵Ҿ͸Ҵĸ׷ҵǸСʱѹҶδ£ѹ
ҡҡͷˣҪԵģȻ޷⣬ǾͲμӰɡҲ뿴һβԻ
ô˵ͷ˵ȻԼд㣬ǾͰɡʲô֣㾡Сʵ㲻ʮ㡣ǣǺ㲻ͬǻٶеԴȥһЩˣɾͶޡ㲻ͬһжԼ߳ġƾ㣬ЩϼһĿ࿴ˡ
һᾡġͷ˵
ǰʢڴǣļʢᣬȻŵ

ʢеҪ¡أʢŲһˣʢҲҸһߣȺɽһ޴ϿȣȻ鲼Ⱥ
㵽УûбϿȵĺ󾪵ΪȺŵҾȻôһҼ쳣Ӵ
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ܵʱһϤɻתͷȥüԴվ治Զ
ԴϲǰͽԴһӵû뵽ʢԴ
ոձչس˵μʢ͸ϹˡҲڸ׿˵¼û뵽ɳô졣ܴе˶׷ϡԴݺݵļ
ȻһЦ˵ҶѣԭΪԼҪ¾սڣҲǹ¼ҹˡ
ԴҼ꣬˽⣬ŽԴæԼҲһЩ
˶Ĺע̶ԶԶԤϣʢֳ֮󣬾ͺܶһ˹עʢᣬܶһҲĿתƵϡͬʱ˽ͷӶвһ¶֮ɫ漴ҲĿתƵϡ
㲻Ͻʢᣬϻ۵ĿԽԽ࣬󼸺һͣסԼ飬ĿֱֱĶ㣬߹סΧš
ԴһĻզǺ˹עģƽλ֣Ҳûˡ
ԴûûεĻһ߹ȥ˵ӿˬ
Ȼʱ֪ݶôУȻһĿ⼯еϡϧǣĿƵģһ
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ΪҶʲôȤɨһ۽Դ˵ֻϰָһƣ֪Ǿơ
ٺ٣ԴûûεЦţô˵ĬĬĳ˵ĵӰɡ
ҲԴǰȴɽǰ棬üĵ˵Ҫǲҳ飬ÿ
һ仰òһȻɽȻ㲻϶һҲٮٮߣʵﵽ档ǣһȴĪ˶Դβǵֱ۾С̫ˣȵȻÿ˭֪ɽЩϵ
ɽԷҲŭѹʵɽһˣ˭ǿͷ˭
ֻ㣬Ͽ֮۵㣬ҪȤȥһۡ˵꣬Դ˵ϲﵽ档
ԴͷҲ˵ʲôĿ⿴㣬ɽ˵ҿԣŰɣ湻ˣȻȥǡ

ҵһƬȻһ͵Ŀ㣬Ͽ֮۵ЩˣһȻ˸ߵ̬Դǣ浱Լɣ
ɽô˵üͷҲ壺һѾȥȥ顣һǣҪȥȥԽ鷳Խ󡣡
ɽ߾ûɽĻȴúЦԼҪƨƨȥû鷳Щ˸ԼˡȻԼαǣԼͽԴԼľǡ
˼㵱ɽĻԹϿȣһм㡣
Դ㶼⣬Ȼ⣬óһЩҵһֻ˶ݣû˭㽻
ӵҲ̫ˡһзݣǲƫƫˡ
ŭ㣬ʢתһȦ֮Ͽ֮۸Ϲȥ
ǸϹȥҲһҲ뿴ĪӦЩһٮٮߡ
ʣνľλ˶뿴λûҳɳ꣬Ǻε
ԴһƬҲԽţʢʱչ˶ı֡



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дźĴýԴܵ𶯣ŽԴɫִϣתסѹ
һģϢչ¶ţͽԴȴʧһɶ
˿һĻ˾һĿƵĿ㣬˷ܣѱˣδ棬Ѿˡ
ΪΪ
ɺŵĴϢΪŨƺΪһƵģĴ֮𶯶£ޱȣռ䶼ִƵġ
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˿˺Ĵ¾Ȼ磬һͣһǿߣ־ٶҲһۣ˶Էе档СӾȻɽһȺѱĴġ
ֱĴģʮֲֿҪǵĵٲά衣ʹųԽǵʵ߲ȥ
ΪΪ
𶯶ֱָ꣬Ҫѹ㣬Ƶģɽÿһ̺ĴѹҪǿϼ֡
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ĲҲˣ۵һҲ֪ܲ߹ȥ
Ҫһض߲Լĵġ˵컨׹Ҳһλʵʺʥӵġ
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˵̾Ϣ֮Уȴ͵һָ죬ͬ׺䣬֮䣬궼Ϊ֮ԵΨҶĺʣԵϢƺҪ˳Ƶģ
Ϊأ˳߲Ϊұ죡Ϊƫϵ£Ψҵ㣡
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װ˲串Ⱥ˵ĿʣԴоѹ󽵡ŽԴһһٴȥ
յˣȴ͵Ŀ㣬дźȻ֮ɫ
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֪֪ߵΣգǺΪУǧΪУΪУ
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㣡ǵĵĿʣԴ˵ҪǵվҪ⡣
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˿һۻľĿ⿴㣬ȴ㲽˿ɽȥǰ棬Ҳӿ벻˾м䣬Щ
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һ·裬ЩϡЩȷʵֲҪǱĵӣͳƤˡǶ˵ȴûʲôӰ죬Ÿףͬһ׶˺Щʲôã
ĳҲˡ⾣ǽ֮Ȼǣص׵۶ɵģĳڱ˵ֲ˵ȴֵһᣬȫƵ
Դ񣬿һƬƬľѣоޱȡһȺ˵ʵ۳ľˣһУɵƿ⾣Ĳָ֮˶ǼҵĴ˵ʱȻܿǣѵ˵ЩɳǱȼĵز
ⲻܰ˵ʵŶ𾳣𾳶˼Զľ룬ܿǣ

㲻ɽȥʱȴŵʢڵϿȣһ뵣˼ʥصĵطϹȥ˴֮Ķɽһ񣺡ǰݷøλϣ
˵仰֮洫һĵǼʥأһδʥѪǰΪΣ
ϵѵ𣿡Ҳ͡
˵仰жʱһӿ֣ŵϣŵϣŵֱһɢЦǰαһЩ屣棬֪ǰɷ񻹸ҡ
ŵĳеϼ˶٣ҲȻƽ
ԭһĵŲƽ
Ǻǣǰǲ֪ɷʥأŵЦ
еϳĬһȴƽһ嵱ͻϵǳǰĶҡЩ꣬ҶΪһ嶼Ѿˣȴû뵽ǻϣλǰҪұܵĶ
ȴƽЩΪˣǼҲΪУʱáǰˣѵԼһֱռɣ
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ŵõı֤չһЦһЦ֮绪
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˵˵˵Щɱһ壬ϸÿһһϸȫ׼¼һģһôӳһѵ֧֧ĻϢ
ŵشţ𣡵ǣ͵͵һŮŮ׸Ҳ⡣취һ塣
ԭˣף漴ЦҾȣµѪô֮˴УȻδĥ漣
ڶһŮʩչͨһѪĸϵԾܴôѪĸõĴȥҲԭֻ֮ʣŮžѪ֮жĻѪ֮ޡŵ˵
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ʱɽ֮۵ȴ֪Щ֪ŵʲôʱһɽۣ֮еľѾѣĲĿɿڴһҲ첽ĸɽ֮ȥ
һһߵɽۣ֮ɽ֮ϣһ޴ʯЩʯͬһƵģһ档
ɨһЩЩˣҲû⣬ŽԴ˵ͷҲӰһʯȥ档
ʯϣ˲͸оŴӿҪͽԴ˺Ƶġ
ԴϽɢ˵ʯһӵڣ潻֯Ŵ֮ԼĵӡУЩʯΪһ壬ͲܵЩʯĸš
ͷ밴սԴ˵İ취ȴһ仰𣺡ϵ£Ψҵ㣡ȻˣΪκ׽Щӡĵĺ;ֹһ߲˶Զ
ԷĻ㵭Ȼ˵֮ĶѣԸԸͻָֻŵġ
˵֮䣬һʯ֮УŵĴû뵽ʯУʱӡһ۹
治⣬ĵڵϿɡ
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ĵȻܺڵüкǲ⣡
ǵĵֻ𣿻һֻƻͬģһŷǷ׺ͣ𲢲ǻһУǻЩ˳ߡ߾粻ǻ磬緱ɳǻ塣
Ļüͷ޷ĻĽͣͻ޹ءҲеĵ
ĵſں˵ѣһʯϵĵŭȵǻİ緱ӦĩգǰԵͿ񱩵ġ
ɨ˶Էһ˵ҺΪգҾͷǡΪ
Ŵ֮ƻȻ𶯶ûÿһʯ̨ϵһУԴ
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㶢һˣͬףϵǵĶը



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ǺǣȤ˾ӦĶãã˴ν棬˭ʤһЦϲ˳ԽԽܼǵǱңҲ뿴㵽׶ô档
䣬ҪѭĹŵߡƴΪУΪУȻɱģġȻͬ棡
ĿһҲǷˣȵ˵Ե⣬ÿ³һ֣ĵ֮ӦϣȻ꾳һٴ
˿һĻ۵Ŀ˶ԷһۣҲ岻ѣ벻ǼһٮٮߣĿûͻѹһż
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֮㣡ңɼǰȴԶ翵ġǻܿԶɾͲ֮ϣһеĹشڣԶΪ

һ׾첻ϵը죬˶Դ𵴶뵽ڶӵУɨŸеӵ
һļ״һϲѣЩٮٮ۵ܷ˼ش츳ĵҲЩٮٮ͸ӵһ컯
֪ʲôĿһٮٮڷصĵۣǽĵĽڣ㡣
ʣΪۻ飬ȴ飡ǹ򣬴ȴɣȴԼɵ·ˣ֮ȴͻ֮֮
󣬿һһ𶯶˵۵ƿԷĿʡ
ۣ֮һȻϿɡǲòϣӣµļ⣬δģߵǵ⡣
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ǣҲͬǣĵδģڮ٣ܳɹ߳Լĵ
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ǺǣԭΪɽ۵ˣû뵽۵˷ܣҵ۵ûзǵһΡ
ԣԿգңһжδģ𾴣㻹кη֮ģʯһվȳ⣬󣬹ƻģ·˿ͬħ
ɻĿ˵طһۣԷô÷ԣѵҵӻбڶȻˣܿϣ
оȣǶԷԿʹֻӭսҶԿգʲôһЩѣȻΪλη֮ģ⴩УӾ͸ǣԼߣԼĵԿգΨգ
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СӸոյ֮вѵҲɣ
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˿ĿѣԣĿ㣬رڵŮˣǴ͵Ŀ㣬۾Ҳð⡣һ֮սһʢٮٮ߶ܣֱ漣λǰ۵Ҳֻ˰ɡ
۵ʵȵǶԵ֪ĵļ͡ÿһ仰ҪӡԼĵҪȻƿԷĿʣ
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۵̫̫ɽʱĵĽڳ죬ԼĴһΣεĳ֣ϲⲻֻǾԼҪߵĵ·棬ĵγɣԼ߲·
뵽Щ̲ס˷ܡͬģ۵ˣҲõĪĺôЩ˵ͽˡ
̫ûɽУյߵƲһƬϼʮܵ˽ʢʱ䣬ȴûһ˵ɲϵͶԷ档
ⲻϵĵӡ֤ʣ˶ɫЩƣǼķ顣ǣһս˶ˣȻûһ˿ƣģò档
˲ţǿбֵĺӰ죬ʵѾǿиˡ
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ȴ˶ֹ˶͵Ŀһţ찡ȻԳˣ
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ռ䶼ѹԵĻһƬţĿ㣬ʱһ˳˵סԭأԭֵأֻʣ仰
˵ķӦ֪ܲ˭Ҳ֪ʮֲңʵĻӿֱָĵģҪʮֲֿ
һʿƼ򵥣֪ҪǻشĲãƲ˶Էĵӿڳ˵СܾԪ𾳣۾
ĻشȻƲ˶ԷشĿʵģ׵ľ࣬ҪĽ
⿴Ƽ򵥵һʣȴԻشΪԷӡ֤ĴԽǿҪƿԷʾԽѡ
һ仰ϵ𵴣̩֮ͬɽһѹ㡣ѹˣ㶼оѡ
㲻̫ÿı飬̾ϢվǱսģ򵥵һʣȴܰסһǿ߰ɡ۵ϣҲܿ
ոյľޱ֣Ҳ̾ѣǶԱ֮䣬вġȻҫֻۣһߡԶ
˵ȴʹܵʱȴڣͬи˵磬ǿɽɽˮˮ֮ɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮ֮޺ۣҪ˵硣λǰܽĺܺãľ粻ʵΪ׼ľԴģĵǾڡԱ𿴣˷ֻ࣬ңذٴֻҡǵľ硣
Ļ˵꣬վ׺䣬ӡ֤ĻƵģתϵû뵽УĻĵӡ֤״
˿һĻоޱȣھϣҵĵ;磬ĵѾշˣĵѾ߳Լ·ԲԼĵһС
һؾ磬ֻң˵˱˽ֻңڶؾеذٴ˵£ػ󰮣ſģ߳˽ؾ磬ֻңӡ֤ĵԿգΨʵڵġҵĵ
󣬷ķĵһڳ죬СɲΡŵĵԭһֱδָѪʱȫָˣڵҲϢȻͻƶ𾳵ơ
ƿԷĿʣŴĵ𵴶ΪΪ磿
Ȼλһʧ񣬶Ŀ⼯ϣʲôƶԷ
һ;ΨĶѣ
󣬵ӿȴ𵴳һƵȻĵΨ֮
ǿ𺳣ոպһȺٮٮ߽棬Ȼмž֮ǵĵûϵ۾ǵĵ̫ͨȻ˵ǽûдɾܸͣܲǰһĸо
ʱȴһΨ֮Ȼһ
˭֮ǰûѯһ˵ĻǴ˿ȴ̲סѯʶԷҪ֪ҵλٲſ
Ȼ˭һʧżΪŹֵ㡣
ȻԷҲû뵽㲻֪˭˳ĬУûȥ
Դ죬Ͻ㣬ȥңʶȴǼܶ顣
ҵλԴĶ˵
Ҳ㶣Ҳû뵽λ˿¶棬һԼˡոնԷΨ֮ҲֻѱɣһԼΪ׼Լĵǧ
ΨģԷڳĬ֮˵Ļ
ΨΪǶԶԷ˼˼֣Ŀ⿴֮ϣȻҪ۵αڱ𴦣Σ
ˣɽʢᵽΪֹɣΨ˵ıִȻ֪ĵ߶ԶֵӣѡΪҲûԭ򡣡
ŶԷĻгһƣǿơգɽ֮۵ߵ㣬⡣
˵ʵʲôȤƾб¾ȥˣ㵭˵

˼˾ٶһƬȻ͵Ŀǹơѵ֪ƵĺǴŽܳΪҵˣҲʱܺҴǿߡһƾȻ׳Բϡ֪֪Լʲô
˾֮УǸоǣλȴЦ˵ĵҲûΪص۵ĵӣȻ̫⡣ص۾һλӣ͵ݣѾ㿰ȸʥˡݣҲֻѡ
ŶԷĻҲЦ˵ʵЩ֮УŲǿҡŶ𾳣ոպ۵ľͲٳԽ𾳣Ψ㣬¶Ҫ̤һˡʮҴʱ֣ǣҪ˵ǣᣬʮδ֪㵱ûΡҪ˵ǣȱ꣬Ȼ㣬ڸʥʥŮ
Ļ˶ĬסǲòǿͱǶҪСʵȴѾ봫档ﵽΨĵͣþΨġ
ܴﵽ𾳣ʱصңõҵԴ˵ʵͷٱ
ԭʵ΢ˣʱҲ˵ļΪͣһ츳ˣҵڲֻͬҪ߳Ȼһʱ䣬Ҳǲܡ
Ψĵ˵ţһӡ֤ԼˣߵΣһ㶼֣ǣⲻҵյ㣡̤˵Ǳض飬Ҫ㶼޷Ҳཻ
ΨĵĻһզ಻ѣ߳˵ǺңԶ飬߲ʣУȴֵһƵġλǿƺģ
ǵĿߵĸԶ뵽ߵĲΣܴ߳ȥʥĻԻҵָȴҪΪʥµѪŬӵʥѪǻкܶӵʥѪڱ衣ÿһΣΨĵ˵˭ΪҪλķܶĿꡣɱʥµѪ塣
ΨĵĻЦܱܲˬǣһ仰֮λøΣ֮룬Ҫġ
֮λͬӣ˵˭ܴҸΪǿ˭λáʹ߶ǣ𶼲ںҪľԼĵͬҲලλõˡûԻ͡Ψ˵㣡۵ôã֪Ǻͬһˣ֮λϡǣ㣬ҪΣ

һ仰ɻĿΨģΨʲô˼ѵҪλùóȥӦЩѱӦ
ڶԷٶǲȣЦҪ֮λǲҪʲô
˵κҪ֮λˣҪලΣҼලͬҵΣҪûķ֮λ


889 
ʢվĻΨֻһ䣬ټ֮󣬾Ψ뿪ȻҲŽԴƮȻ뿪
뿪²Ŀ⿴ǿɽ֮۵ƣһоþòƽϢ˵ĶԻһЦѡΪ˭۵ļޱȡȴǰĿ⼯ϣ֮λǾȻû˿ջ
Ǻ֮Ĳɡ̾ϢҲȤŸ߸ϵƣһĬȴûһҪȥȡġ
ʢɡȻ˵ټӦҲˡ
ǻʲôأ

һڴһ￴ǿƣȴһһۣյı֣̲ס档һ֮ڶٲſ۵ܣСռϷ硣һλһβ¡ı֣֤츳Сɣеĵȥ˵۾벽봫۷ûжˡ
˾ȵ꣬ڴı֡λˣ֪ҵǼλ᲻ỹŲһ˺ǺЦֻλ˶Ȥ˿ϧ
ȲҪЩһһʮֻԻͣȻ߳Ƿ·ĹһλҡңҪǣǺص۵ĵӣڰѺصۺǽˡ
ʢ͵ΪֹɣһʢἤңӶӽеõ˲ٺô

ͽԴ뿪ɽۣѰ׺ŵȴҲ˵ټüͷǣֻһ˻ס
˴۵ӡ֤ԼǳСɡҲҪԵʣ¶𾳡ˣСԴԴϵԪӿ룬£ȻȻʵ𾳡
֮𾳾ѹˡ
صסͽԴͻصܽյʧ
ʱ˵ıչ£ļ죬ٴλعʱѾҹ
׼˯ȴΪ֮һüͷ͵ļһ׵ֱһȥ
˭
ɫ̫ÿǰЩžһȺˣǲҪɧԼȴ뵽ҹǾȻȻˣԼֻܸһЩѵˡ
ĳֲûйԷԷٶȼ죬֮ͱܿԷٶȣ۾ӶԷٶ˵ʵԿֲ
֪ǲȻܷ¥֮⡣ѹִ˵Сɣ
һ使дŹƻ֮⣬Źɹ֮䣬û뵽УҪͬ
ֻԷľٶЦԼڵһʶ̬Ҳŷ⣬ЩôܹƻԼ
㲻ҪùˣȻ֪ңӦþ֪۵˼˵ķԡ㵭˵Ȼˣѵҳһ𣿡
֣ϾȻŷ⣡ѵҲ˷ұ䲻ɣŮܾȣĴ߳һӰΨ˵㲻򵥣С㱾ԸţڿȷʵЩڲͬҵȻͬ
߳һŮˣŮѩ׵ĴȺ¶أͬ֬ϸ֫ͳϣɿŵߣʮǻջ󣬾վǰ˾þޱȣΪ˵
ͬҲŮϸоΣյϢȻնһ㡣ȴҵĴȱУܵһǱصѱʮֻ𱬡
˭㶢ŮˣɫᶨŮ˺ܻԼƣվջŷҹƻ󣬼ܰ˵Ļ궼ǣȥ
Ů˼˿ݣҲޱȣԼķҹƻܱ˿Ȼǿֵز
Ů˲аԲӿڷ磬һҪƻ顣
һЩû뵽Уķ⣬Щɣ׳˼֣Ҳں˼֡
Ů˼ԼľٶȻ˿ûӰ죬Ϸƣ΢΢㶡
ⲻܣ
һֱŮΪӵҲޡǣʱӿȻܱԷˣ֤ԷпܳԼ
Ů𺳣Ƿұ䣬һУû˭ϱȵԼǣȴϳԿˡ
ûõģԷݣһⲻӿֳ㵭˵Ȼδ⣬ҵÿһ⣬Ƿǿߵģҵӡܹƻң
ĻŮüͷͣͻȻչһЦĺޱȡҲòϣһˡ
Ȼ֪˵ǲģķȷʵҾȡŮ˵ʶһ£ҽˣ
Ůİƣ㵭˵ò˵ϲҰɡܸܲһ
һ㶣ƺû˸˵ʹҵΨģԼҲòˡǣһ仰ȴ˵ˡ
֪֪˭Це˿㡣
ҡͷҲ֪Ҳֻ֪֪Ѿɽۣ˭ҪԼȥþǡԲҪҡȻʱǻңǲǿǲҵҵӣҪ˵Ļǰѻ˵ǣ
ɫ˱䣬ʹҲܳĶӶҵӣ˭Ϊҵӣ
Сûô˼ֻǶЩȤ˵ɫЩˡ
Դ־߳ÿһɫˡɫ˱䣬վѹ˵֮һŮʮΣգ
Դ˽ţüԴ
ԴСĶ߽͵ʥһλڵŮ߷ұ屦ֹԸ棬вǵ֮һҪ˵ħŮҲΪҪǣʵֲ֮УΨΨѹһǾˣΨǾԶ֮Ů˷ɲˡ
˵⣬Դ˶˵Ҫ˵ʥ֮λһ飬ʥŮ֮λȴѾˡҪ֮λûѡѾʥŮˡ
ԴĻ㾪ȵĿһŮˡеû뵽Ů˵λѹոš
ǣ㲢Ϊ˵ʲôݣʱ㻹ӴңδҵҵӡѲɣͲҵˣҪ˵Ļֱ˵
㡭˱ŭȻ˵㲻ҵӣ⻰Ҫ˵涼ǣ˱ȣδ˵֮ˡ
Ӷҧҧ촽һţյʢᣬǲҪҽ
˵꣬˾ӰҲش𣬾ͼߡ
Դˣ̲ס̾ΪҪ
ЦƱۣ۸ǰˣûõɡ
ܣ֪ԷģŮ˻ԼȤǣ̽ԼȵԼҪ˯Ҳ


890 
ڶת۾ϵϿȵʱϿ۷кղͬŨзŨ
üʱͻȻһǼʶĲ۵ҵԸ䣡ͬҲϿΪܳĵ֮һǣⲻҵȾͳӦķ緶Ψ˵ĶԣΪ͵ҵϿɵǲ´˴
㿴ǰüͷ˵Ȥ
вȤ֮λ㣡Ӧñָҵȿûпۣûث֣ɽ֮۴
ŶԷĻ㲽ûгٻӱʲôֻΪԼΪ֮λ
˵꣬һ̤ŨС̤ŨУŨ˲ӿһıĻġ
ǵľǿ֮һҵȻֻƤëȴ뵽ֻж𾳵ʵҵʩչĵҲûʩչ£Ҫƾ𾳵ʵҲƿ˵ҪǾĸԸ㡣
ûԷĻĿ⿴һŹâߣȫǷɢŴϢֶ£Уһ㱻
һۿȥ棬ϸϸĿȴе֮Щɵߣһִ۶ɵġÿһ߶һֲͬĴЩ໥ںһ𶯣·γɵƵģΪ͡
üͷ壬Ҳûж룬һ𾳵ʵ𾳣֮һڵ֮ϡ
ȵһѡ֪㱬ֲ
ɽ֮۵˿һĻһҲ¶ɫˡΪٲſԽսѡǣԶ𾳵ʵȴǾ÷˼
Ҫжྫĸڶ𾳱ȵ
𺳣Ÿо㲻ֻǶԵ˽⼫ͬʵҲԳ
һ𵴶ŵҪƵ˵ûõģۺڶ˵Ĵѹÿ˵ʵһƿҪȻǾ鲻˵ġʵȻǾ棬ǲƵ
һĳҲ֣ǿƵģ뵽Է˵ԼüЩ˲˵ѣȻˣǾͿ϶űİ취ƿ
Ŀ뵽Уһɵ߽УеһĴ
ϵַҲõĪ޷ϸϸĹۿ
һƬžʱһĹȥȻ㣬ҲƲһһСȻûΣգҪƲ˵ĻԼоͰˡ
ܰܣΪԼΪףܰȺС
һٴΰ뵽С
ƿ𣿡ʵ
֪԰ɣҲܣٮٮߺ۶ɵģƲġ
˵ƿʹһҪƿˡβƿ
˶ĿͶɽ֮۵һٮٮߣ֪Ǵ˴ζõĵµʲô
Щ˿ڵ֮е㣬Ҳŵ⡣ɽ֮󣬾θڶءһϣǾõ
ǻ˲ʱ䲼óһ˿ǣҵҵҪܵļ㣬ĸ֪ԼĴϲҳ
һزҪǿҪǣܲһеƣһеĴҪòĻǲġҲֻܺһĵеĽܳӡʥӴһһԲܶϷΪһ档
˶ڵȴ㣬ű۾㣬һѲɷɣҪȻΪʲô
˵ɻУһֱŵͻȻϵĵӿӿ֮䣬һߣ߼֮ϣ͵һһֵ֣ʱӰһԾӿм˴֮⡣
ڴ֮֮Ǳ۹ŵʧٴλع鵽ԭģ
ˣ
˾ȵĿ㣬Ǿ֮ɫû뵽Ƶô˳ԭΪҪƿ󷨣ȻҪѾ˼
ɽ֮۵Ҳ˴ӽ뵽ƿһʱûдﵽ
ǿǺͨ۵ĵҪƿҪķѲοǺ۵ģǾ֡ǣĵͻȻȻƵɡԷǿ
Ī⣬ֻҪһǾҲ֮еҲץǸʱǣԷֻһʱ֪Էƺ侪ˡ
һǿҲ治ѣʹǶԵоҲƿʱҵƿİ취ȴû뵽δӴ㣬ȴһ
棬СӵҲֲ̫ˡ
Ȼǲ֪ƿʱ򣬶ǰѧ֪ʶҪȻҲƵ˿졣뵽ոǧ򻯵ĵҲզ࣬ҪûǰѧҪƿƻҪʱ䡣
һһߵɽۣ֮㵽ɽ֮֮󣬿Щʯϵĵӣ㵭˵ǵĴʲôֶεĻɡ
һ۵ʤڶƴļƣʤ
ʤò˶ķڷʵһвǿġƾı֣Ҳǲ֮λ
˲˵ıϿ㡣
ҾˣҪ˾ûҪû˶ķ㡣ǡǡı֣˶Ŀ
û˳Ĭʱһȵòɫ˱䡣
ħŮȻˣΨĳˡ˿ħŮֳˡǿˣλأ᲻Ҳ
ˣǲðˡ
ΨĲͬŮ˶֮λǺȤ
ѵҪ֮λ
ɻ󣬶Ŀ⿴һһŮӣŮӽ欣߿˵򣬾ֱֱվǰ
˵һġЦſ㣬ɫ·𿴵Ƶġ
㿴ŶԷ˵Ҳ㣡
ĻһƬȻһû˸˶˵
ԭΪ˻ᷢȴû뵽˿ŭЦеĿ˵Ѿˣֵҳ˰ɣ


891 
ֵҳ˰ɣŮ˺촽³һʣ촽һһϣ³Ϣ˹ɢʮջ˫˵ת֮䣬ζϢ̲סһ
˿ű˶ס㣬̲סͬ顣סҪһƤģ
ǣ㿴˵˵
㲻ȴһ͵İͷ㣬漴һҡͷδҴ֪Ů˵ĿֲΨĶǵȻӦǲ
Ҿϲˣ˵꣬漴ɨһܵЦˣÿһġûһеӵģ㣬Ǻġ
˰Ӷһ飬˶ţʲôЦǰúԼ֪ôģǰԸ˵ûӣҲ衣
̫˿ˡԣҵĻͲ˵ˡȻ˵㵱Ҿͻϲ𣿡
ķ˴㵣Ҳ˴û뵽Сðһ仰Ȼı飬˵һξãĿ޳ܵһĵز
ģҲϲģ˶ת
˵ҧݣŮ̫αˣոջԼˣھͲˡҲô찡
һŮ˲ϲһˣôأԴǵĿ˵ǲϲġ
һ仰˾ԼҪˣ˲ҪˣôǼĶӣǲҴˣ
ҵϷһͲѣ壬ˣƾ㣬Ƿˡһ˭Ҷ˵
ŬѹģЦеĿ˵ܱǸĸ㣡ˣ
ŮԶôƱ𣿡ҲĶˣࡣ
˼ˣͻȻЦû˵ˣŮ˾Ʊ䣬رǱС㣡
֪ˣͷԺҲκһ仰ˣ

˵ĶԻ֪ʲôǴʱ
ðɣɣ㿴˵Ҳϣʡֺ𣿡Գ⡣
˵һξԼ鲻ԼĵڱҪ¶ظϵ㶼Ļ᲻·
˾òܺ޳ܵļһ˵ȥˣҪȻ֪˵ôĵĻ
ֻһ⣬ҪƵˣվõϿȡҪƲˡСȥЦģ۾ţ촽ʮˣȴ³ĻѾֲ֡Ȼջߣ˭ǰʹʱޱȣҲ˸͡
˵֮˼ûзӦָɽ֮ϵƣ˵ΪڴݵƣǲӦúúõı
ȻΣ˵
ܺãЦ仰˵֮Ӱ͵ɽ֮ϵץ˹ȥ磬ٶȣ˲͵ߣץסơ
ǣץסƵû˶ֹͣ͵ıֲ£ҽƮɢգһƣȻıٵˡ
˶͵Ŀˣ涼벻˾Ȼ顣ܶбŭһȻĽһֿЦеıŭʧһɶ
ҪǱ飬ǶȻŹǣλŮԴʱʱ˵һƸûʲô꣬йլգӵʥˡ
ЦеĿ˵Լ˵ΪҪԼơǣȴٵˣθ˽
ͻȻЦ˵һ⣿
˵ȻƣСҪǵûиԭֶΡ
˵꣬һɨѵƬһ͵˵ɣ
˴ʹĿˣû뵽ôݡƶˣ˼λָӵиԭͨҪ˭һ֣Ůȫ鷳ġ
뵽⣬һޱͬ鿴㣬ȫҳ顣
ЦΣƲˣ
㲻˵ǰƬЦȷʵƲˣ
Ʋһ֣Ǻܼ򵥣ȥЦеĿ㣬תʮˡ
ҲܰЩƬǲҪߡ㿴˵
ʱġԼݵĶ޷ܺã㻹ʲôǣʹԼߣҲµġѵ㻳ҵʵ¶׵ݣŽɫƺ㻳ɻʵ
ǣ˿ϰԵЦݣȴ̲סðź⣬̫Ϥˣ¶ϰԵı飬׼ˡ
ʵǲãЦҪ˵ûбܺȴ˵
ţ˰Ŀ⿴㣬ܻԭɡ
˿㣬ȴֱһڣƵƬϿУɢĵǣʵҷɽ۵ǿƷңҷ䴩³ʱзһƣǿƲġ
˵⣬̸һȻջ󶼱ҾܾˡǣΪֲ顣ҰѴݵƷϣΪҶûȤȤԾ˳ָˡ

˶ͷðźߣȻĹСδ̫˰ɣʱ򻹵Ϸˡ
һӣǲ֪ܱܲסˡ
ǻӣΪһŮӣҶˡǰţڿҵϷˡ
Ǵ󵨰

˾Ŀʱȴ˵ǲţҪǲţüŮǰȥѾ֪ˣƾϡ
˿㻹Ϸһҡͷˣƻĺܲҡ
Ǿ˵ȴ˷쭵ʱȴԭأɫĶ㣬һ仰û˵ַľٶһΪ˶һ㶣漴жӿһǲŵ뷨
ϣ
찡ɣѵ˵ģȥɫˣôܣ
ҪɫˣСܵסǲ˰ǲﻵˣ

˶ֱֱĶˣȴŽվﲻ˵Ǹȷе뷨Ļϣ
֪ģ˶㣬дżѯʣò˼飬֪Ǽٵơȷʵɽ֮ˣǰȡˣһһģһƷһжʮأ֪֪ģ
ﵽ漶ɫŹ֣ǵۿƷŵɽۣһƾûдҲۿŽľǿơڿƻڡѵ˶ʲôֽŲɣ
뵽˵ıԣǾúпܣֻ֪ģֶΣ飬֪
˵Ŀ仰תƵϣȴչһЦ³˺֣ܣ



892 Ծ
ܣ
仰˶ЩûðƳ㣬˵仰ʱԺвһָգ۵Ůģ
Ů˲ϲ˵ܡ¡ʱ˵ʵͺŮ̬غƵģ̲סһ
ûô˵ģ̲ס㡣
Ҳû뵽ðôһ仰üо̫ĥˣһǿƣһ컬࣬һֺ˵˵Ů˵ѧˡ˲ºΨĽ棬ΪΨʲôˣ֪ʲôֶӦΨġǣĥ㣬ҲʵֶΡ
׼öԸԵֶ֮εʱ컬ˣ׼ʩչֶθı컬ʱȴַ˵˵ɢҥˡ
㵽֪ڱСϵģ˵һ鲻ȣ˵
£գ۾Ͷȥһ
дѾĻŮһ׶ѧˣôĵĻ˵ĳ
˶㣬òֱһƹУͻȻչһЦ˵ûոƷҾͻˡǣ˿еģҪǶ䣬ҾͲٵơҪǲ䣬С˿̾ͻٵ
㶢еƣȻʱ˻ٵƣһ֮λȤˣôѴݵƻٵأȻ¶ˣŮ˶ƺȤֻҪԼѿŪһƷŻˣ
˼ƣӿһĿת㣬ǲΪŮ˵ЦĳٵƵ顣ʱҲֻܿˣ
˵עУ㿴˺ܱĵ˵۲ۣջٵһ黹Ҫٵһ飿㵱һϵб¾ͻٵȥҪٵͲǣ
Ļ۾͵ĵ쵰Ҳܴ̼ģô˵ٵŹ֣
Ҳû뵽˵仰˵֪֪ƣƻУ֪֪ʲô
ƷƷƭ˭˵Ʒ㲻ͷĿ˵Ҫپͻ٣Ҫ˵ôϻ
Ʒҧݶ㣬תйâ
ǲƷһ֪𣿶ˣٵƷνĿˣҧƷ
˾Լһƴ޻ˣԭΪԼвĵǶԷҧƷʱóƷôܸԷѹԼٵʲô˼
ôٵˣ㶢˵û²ҪóƷŻˣ㵱Ż𣿺οٵôǶֲҵģҲǮҪʲô
úС׳ûйͬԣƣҲܻǮĶ
СӻһԴĲū
˶ǰ˼ֱ꣬һӣ׵ɽۣ֮Զ˵ҲԣٵҲûʲôáС㻹ܼ˵ѵⲻҾͷŹˡ
ôŹңѧϣҹãЦеĿǰ޵Ůˡ
仰һŹֵĿˣѵҹݷˡɣ˶һֱɫѵ⣿ϻˡ
ͻȻչһЦɢҥԵĻ˿⣬ЦеĶ˵ҪҽҹΣ
ûŮˣɽϵ˵ҪҪƣ㾡߾ǣŻٵԸ
ĻͻȻЦƵȵ˵ΨĽǰֻ֮ǰҸһҩ»ڴϣ
һ仰˴һȻ춯صˡΨʲô˰ȻҲҩԽԽ޷ˡ
۾ҲΨ˵ĿֲʵĻʮΨĶ֣ҪͷǣȻŮ˶ˡ˵ŮϿ϶ҩ
ԺһҪŮԶ㣡ˣŮ̫Σա
Ψԭ׼һģڿˡһˡ˶˵
һƬȻǴͿ㣬û뵽ΨľȻҲ׼⡣ʲô˼Ψİ㵱ͬȼ
ΨΪһǿһˣ⼸λδ˵ǳ⣬ƫƫ⣿ʲôԶˣ
һĿ⿴ˣǵ뿴ΨҪζ⡣
ɣǵһֵļ֮λᣡʸΪģǵĽˣħŮȻλÿӡ˭֪Ըѣ˵ǿΨģûСҲܽһŮˣϾһеٲſ٣Ҫҵѡѡ
˵Ҳ˼־ǰΨĽһ뿴ҵһ˵ķ緶ȴû뵽ƻˣǼ֪׼⣬ĵǷһЩ
ΨûʲôϢȻһȻŲܺǱСΪѵĴɡЦеĿ㡣
ⲻܣ㿴˵ΨһˣȻδǴյĽͿĳҴʱʵ̫࣬ҵʵ׷ҪȻܳ⡣ΪǶҵ衣
һ仰Ҳ˵ͷΨĵĽǺ˵ЩˣҲûƾʵѹ㡣Ͼ̫ᣬʵƴĻ̫ƽԣеһǱƴǱ
˿˵С㲻ΨĵĽҲ׿ڶ˵ġ
˵˶٣ܿ˵ֻǰһѡ˵ʵǿöǿʵԿ㡣ʱ쵽ˡͰʵѹƵ𾳺㽻档ǹƽĶԾ
仰е˼š
ΣΨĲСҲһģСֻųȥֲ̫ݵġЦеĿ㣬ҡҷΪջ
㿴˵ûȤ򡣼ȻţǾ͵ָҺٴһս
˼ܾһ˵ǿɲ㣡СҪսվһҪңΨǿǿСҲͱС㽻棬Ҳûݡ
˶仰ǺͬŮʵǿΨֻһߡǱƴĻ˱ƴѡΪŮ˲ƣʱʱԴڵӱƴԸΨģҲԸΨһߵˡ
ҪΨһս˲ûΪңͬĿ㡣
ǰˣüͷ㵱Ҫһս
Ȼ˰ȻͬһֻĿȸ
Ҳգ㶢˵ʹӦһս֮ʢ͸һ䡣Ҳٳʢϡ
仰˶㻰˼ǵĿͱҪľ˹ȥĿתˡ


893 
ܿ˾ɽ֮ۿճһյأĿⶼˡ˶򵥣ҲҪͷȻʱʵѹƵӽ𾳵ʵʵԲСӡѹƵʵҲս𾳡
㣬˵ģ͵֪ǿս
Ů˾ջ󣬵֪ͬĿֲһԿΨĵˣʹʵѹƵͬȾ磬Ҳ˵ʤԷﵽ磬͵۵üΪˡȻѹƵΣǾȴҪͷĲΡǶƿزΪѹƶܵơ
Сþûˣվʶһ±С˵꣬ͻȻָɽ۵˵˭˵ŮӲСձС֤ǰŮӱǿλãŮҲ
˵꣬һһޣϵӿȻʵѹƵͬȲΡʵɿֲȻɨ֮䣬ƿ֮ڶ˹ȥʮ־ˡ
ɨüͷһ˳ȥӿץ˹ȥƺͳ޽һڽڱ˵ĳҲѡɽ˲ĥ𵴵Ŀռѣûռʧ
˿˵һνʹƽ֣һۡо治ѣѲڽӽ𾳵ĲΣһģ
ʱȴžȿˣԼͬȾ磬ܱȵġһǱ˵ʮʮǴʱ˾ȻסʵҪ˶ʵʵһ㶼֡ȴĸоĵ˰ʵѹƵӽ𾳵ĲΣԼһģһ
ҲȲѣΪһֲĪͬȾ£ȥΨܿ˭ܱȵϣ
ǣǰ겻ֻܱȵҪȻԼҪԼԾ𾳵ĿƳޣһǲܺƽ֡
ϣԼȻ
˵õ˼Ĵ𰸣йʥʥŮУܿԼжٸǣȴҵһԼ
ģ㣬ɻ󲻽⣬ԳְԼϸԴȵǣȴĿϹĻϣû˭Խ
ľľ磡㾡ܾŮ˵ǿܿͻָȻһЦ˵
ߣ˶һ˵㲻߱С㣬СԼڡ
˵꣬һʮޣ趯һĽǶȣĺۼɷģϯȥҪġ
ΨͬȾҶܰеĵϸڳѵΪ𣿡˶㣬Ц
Կ
˵ʱһƲϵĴȥһƳͶԷĳ޽һ߶ѱըʧ֮䡣
˿ֲȴûɽȵκζľҲȫ뵽ʧһ˴͵ĿŲʧͽĳޡ
ȫĽ棬˱Ϊֲ˿Ϊ֮ĺԲ𾳵ʵȻ˿𾳵Ǻεȵ
ѹִҶ˵ҪȥȥŮǲǳһ⣬ʵҲǺܴһԭɡ˿ֲѹ֡
Ψĺ˺;ͷսȻˣǽֲСֻЦڿпˡ
Խͨ˶ٰ
˿˽֣ճ趯ȴȫ
ҲȣŮ˵ȷʵֲƿԼľĺôսȵ˿·硣
ԭΪ֮ͬ¡û˭֣ʱȴףʥʥŮ򵥣ͬͬȾУþѹǡ
һһƺ˳ȥ˴ʱûгУֻ̽ԷʵսΣ˶ԶԷʵһŵ⡣
Ͼǵ״壬ǵ塣ǿȱҪǿ˵ȻҪǿһ
ǣҲûơҪͷƿ;磬ó뻯ƾ㣬ȫֲ˺֮Ĳࡣ
ΪδʥŮƿصĶ֮ࡣ¾ͨҲûУŮ˽֣ʮ־֪һսΪѡ
ԭΪͬȾ磬Ҳʰ㡣Ǵ㱬ҲơҪǣǰ겻򵥡ͨԼս²ȫ԰ܲ
ߣ⣡˶˵ѹΨĶԸԳֺһսˣȻкֵʸ񡣡
л佱ϵİܾҪˡҵġ㿴Це˵
񣡡һƾ㻹ܲҡ
˵Ը㻯
˴һϽһĲȫ֣˲ȫ߷裬еͬһŮƵġϱĹâն£·ܵ㻯Ƶġ
Щһ𣬿ͣȴͬһ㣬ֱֱӿȥֲ
֪ǿҲԼ£ҾѧʩչȻ㻯㡣
ӰܿЩ䣬㣬㲻ˣâǣ׷𣬹â֮ռݡ˿ֲо
ߣôˣ˵ָ㶯Ǳ˲ȵķ⣬תһӡ㸲Ƕȥ
з𷨣Ҳеһ˵ޱ۾֮ﳼ
һһޱ񱩵һ֮䣬ӰϹĵת۵ΨҶƳﳼ
ӡӰҲɹϵĶ߽棬һ𶯶ռݣһݼ䡣ͷԵĽҲԽԽҡ
ò˷Ե㶯ôӰȴסԷķԣֻǱͶԷϵĥ𡣵ͬʱգֲƣû뵽ռС
ྡྷ£Ҳĵ֮Զ
ǶսŶԷž裬һ棬˭ûռϷ硣
˿ˣҲһզ಻ѣȻոյĽܶݡǣеļҿɼһߡʥӼսȻʵѹˣܸоǵĿֲ
˶סȴ˵һδС˶ǷˣߵĴ²١ҪʥӼ˭ʤ
㿴ˣӰڿգߵ֮ѾʩչˣĵΣ
˺һҶõѵܶ÷סҲɣ
Ծ֪Ц𲻻ʧġ


894 ൱
ֱ趯âѩ磬ӿ֮䣬ȥ죬һ֮䣬¡¡ľѹ£Ҷ磬˵ۿֲ
۾Ů˲Ƿ˫ޡʵھⱬĵ˿ڸոշԵ
Ů˹ǿѹܳΪʥŮ
и̾ﶼҪΨģΨָöǿʥʥŮˣҲƽϵǿ˲١
֮УԷҾѧûʲôоյľǵµ
һ˳۳ɷ񣬷Ի̣ӿɵĹâƵ𶯶˿ˣӿ˵һ
Ƶһ̶ҪƵģ·ٵءľ䣬ʮֲֿˣ
˺ȻĿһĻɫͣ޷ţȻŷҾܿסˡѵ˵ĸֵز
ģ˱ĵűĥķ񣬺촽дżֲšȻܿóʩչĲʲôҾѧҾķģոձŷʩչķ
𺳣ֳķģĶҪǿ
ģ˶㣬һĶ㡣
Цڷǰһǧ꣬紵дʱķġ
ƪһһԺ͵ͬʱӿһֲˣһǾ޴ĳҡ
˰ѷԺ͵ʮһ𣬵֮Ȼֱ˴ˣ㿴˿ֲܰںϣⲻǳġ֤Ů˵ǿ
սˣ˰ѷںϣһҲ̲ס̾ȫԿΨģǾΪѧңΨľʤһǿˡڿˡѷһ𣬲ôΨȴһһԼĵ
ѿռ䣬ޱȡ
ںϣǿֲġ˱˼һ𵴶ʮ־ˡ
Ǿԭ
һƵģ汩˵ĳ⽻һ𡣶֮ڶռ䣬һƬƬգռ䱻˱𶯶һɢһжҪϣನˡ
ǣƺƵģľֻŰռ䣬ȴûжԽµĴһ˿һŰ˾ĿƣһаԾ̾˼ҵս£˻ܹ˼ɵ²ŵĴأǶƿضô
˼㵲סһУϵ趯趯֮Ĳ֣ɢ¡
㣡ģСûս˾ˡ˹Цոʩչ𣬲ҵĹɡ
˶ҵĹ˵ȫ˽⣬㱬˴УûѧҲ϶˵ãδҪǣбƣʥ幦ơ
δѧҹ㵭˵һ˳ȥס˴Ҳ๥
仰ɫŹ֣͵Ŀ㣬ǿɲûѧҹôܲҹ
˹ЦҲԣʦǺصۣûѧҹҲֻǣҲδ˵صۻ
ҲǺϵľ˵˲䣬Ӱڴ˴αܿ˵ĹŮ˵Ǵ˵ġǣСԼ
ҲżɻڵĻľǺص۽̵ģôõģ
˵ӿһѾ޴ķ𵶣ݺնٸ޴ĵ⣬նѿռ䣬ռ䶼еĵ⡣
ôѧġնҪ뿪
䣡
ֱһӿսΣѾûˣʮɵȫֲĵۻ񷣬ľâͶԷķֱֱӭȥ
Ǿ޵һĴ۷ӵ쾡£ǹһУ¡¡죬˶ĶĤʹ
һ˿˵Ľ棬ҲѪȣսʱ˶𡣳ֺ飬ĹʩչҪѶԷ׵ѹơ
ʥӼս޼ޱȣ
ʥʲôˣĻǽĽӰˣܳΪʥӵ֮߳۾ÿһԳ˵Խսʲôֵ飡Ǳս˾
ǣʱȴʥӼ˶ĺҡ
ǲȻս൱
ǰҪǣ˾ԶԶ𾳣ʩչơ£Ȼ˿·硣氡
ֶһʥӼֻҪܳɳһ԰ˣһͷˡ
ǰϧʱ䲻ˣٸ㼸ʱ䣬һΨˡǴʱվֻ𾳵ʵ
޷ֻҪ츳Ρ
˷ܵĿųˣ¡¡죬һ˵翪ٵһ㣬վһƬƬռ䣬ɢһ֮
˵սԽԽңҲ޷˼ɵˡĿֲޱϯأҪϿȶݡһǿ߼״æ֣ʩչסನĺ
ƲϵսҲ˿ʱҲ£㽻սһֻʣ˵Ӱ
սΣ˶ʩչУս۾Ѫ죬ѾУֻаѶԷսһ뷨
Ѫ˿һ൱Ķ֣̾ʵǿͬʱҲĺʤȫһҵֶʩչȫûϧġ
ͬˣ˭Ҳ޷ƽĵŮӣʩչֶκ㣬ÿһγֱ֣Ҫȥв֮״
˿˲ϱĴУһĶᵽɤӿˡ˱ԷиɱˡÿһҵĲƸǲԸ˳¡
һ￴սҲԱ壬Ķˣ뵽ʱһҪ־һ
ǣ˺սĲݡǣȴ˭Ҳκβ˭
ӵϴ򵽲񷣬Ӳɽ֮⣬ң
ѾһУʹһ߲ϵıסǵನ˵ನǱȺɽУȺɽĺ¡¡졣ǣϾҵĺģǿ߹ĵطȻȻȴƻǡֻ¡¡ľ캳ȺɽҲ˼
˵ܾȺɽİǣѾˡ
һײкĹֱĺڴ˿̶Ҫת۾͵ǰһ̾Ҫĺϣ㿴ŽǰһӰˣ˵һĲӰϣӰ飬֮ݡ


895 Ѫ֮
׳һһֲȺɽ쳹Ǭϯϰ˻ģֲľϯҪƽɽѾɽˡ
˶ǵ֮ʵֲÿһŸ츳ﶼϵһǿߡȻǿǴǽĳɾ͡Ǵʱʵ
սʱѾԼڣֻǰĶ֣ÿһȭǵĴ¡
˶嶼𣬸ԵɳȥϵҲ˼֣˵϶˼ֲ԰ס

˴ȣûΪеѪֹͣâԳ֣вϣӸޱȣ۲һ𣬿ռѾĶѣȺɽҡΣ˵ĴսѾϿȡ
ƴˣ߶ŭɨ֮䣬һ㣬ϧƴԼˣҪ˶Էޱȡ
͡
˱ĿѪЩãͬ֬ļ¶⣬ʱʱŴ֣ȫâҲϣһŮսսⷭڵ۷壬ֲǣһ¹µⳡսˡ
Ҳòȥ̫ӢЩŤѪǺ죬ѪŮ˱г
ܵõٴУ׶ˡǣŮΪʥŮѧҲ㶯õĴиռٱˡ
˶ǰһĻĻֻǱ𾳵Ǵ򵽴ʱ˵ѾԶԶԽ𾳡ܱ߽߲磬Ǽҳ̶ȴԶԶǰ
ĿƵĿˣ鼤ȭͷŵ¡
ʥӼսǻǵһμⲻֻıƴǵģƿԼеıƴԶƽߴܿȵġʹʵԶ˵߱ƴҲԶȲǵļҡ
˶ڴҪ֪˵˭ʤ˭ܣ
ĬȻѪȵĿաһ˿һĻҲһרעǵʵǿҪǰʵѹƵ𾳣غ϶ãѾʰˡ
˴սļңԶԶǵ󡣼ʹǵʵҲ˼Һ൱ս
ҪˣһЩ̲ס˷ܵĴɫ죬
츳ﵽʥӼֻʥ츳һһһܹھ塣
ڼˣ

ܿƣֱֱĶ֮ϣѾĿѪˡ
սԽң˷ܵͬʱҲ۷׷ף²˭ʤԣá
ڴսɫᣬ˸Լżչ¶Ĵ⣬ֱֺ㡣
κҶҷһ壡߽ڣ֮ͬ޵С˿Ѫ𵴶Ʋԭĳҷ裬кˡ
ƾҵ㣡ͬһѪҺӿۣ˫ֻǣԵƳֲ쳣˾ޱѹ֡
߽棬ϣХ䣬춯ء
Ŀֲ˶̲סë
Ҫ𣿡
˸оɻѹ֣̲ס̾һִ֮Ȼס˵ķڡ
С
ԼѪʥշѹȥԣ졣
˫趯𶯶ǧֱֱ֮ĳȥĵסһС
ǿЩְֲסһУ˾ȡƽ˭ô
屬ˣǺܿսȥãϵ۲ƣĿᡣ
˿Ų㣬һ̲ס̾һ˸۷׷ף̫ǿˣֲܺսڻ൱ռ˱ˡҪܴﵽһľ磬˾Ҫһˡ
ţ˱ϾҪҪͷڴƿض̫ࡣĲѹƵ𾳣ȴɷϡ
԰Ҫͬľ磬ǻҪֲ֡Сӣһ
ǰڴ׷˵ˣеһ˵˭
СӵҲ֣Ϲ壬ϷֲǺսȻ˿սϷ磬ϣܵ˼ѹơ
ǰѵʲô岻ɣ
˶㣬ɫɻ󣺡˴ʱȫˣҲˡȥҲֲʤҪҪǣǵΪֹ
ٵȵȣ˶еƣ˶ûжñѪ֮Ҳûжá˵⣬ҵǺܺѪ֮ﵽʲôΡ֪ܲܿ
ǺǣѣѪ֮ͲΨһΨͬȾʤһΪѪ֮ǿһҪſΨĵѪ֮˭ʤ˭ܺ˵
ǰ˲һЩͲצĲΣϧ
֪Ѫ֮ǿ츳Ӧò̫ɡ
ۣսãѹ㣬̲סˣѪĵѪĵ֮䣬ͷӡӡ֮䣬һצ֣һΨҶѹ¡
ӡצΪצƣǵצζ۲֮䣬˵Ʊǣֲܣͷӡǣޱ޾
㿴˱ӡǣ֪˶Ѫ֮˱üͷ͵һ
˴ŭֱֲȥС㵹ҪѪ֮жǿҪûСǿҪСΨѹһСҲѹһ
Ӱܿ˱
ߣܿ˺һ˵Ѫ֮ʩչ
˵Ļûƿڴ㵱Ҳ붯Ѫ֮ϴεķӡˣѪ֮ҪʩչĻצ֣ҪǴȥ֪ǳʲôķ粨θʩչ
뵽⣬̲ס֮ǰʤһ˶Ѫ֮ѾûˡǿֲľȴڡһԱȣʹ·ˡ
˱һɹ£Ϻ˵Ĺ
˼㻹δѪ֮һ˵ʶ͸ϽѪ֮ҪȻСĺѿ
ȻʱûйǲֵĴ⣬Ǻ㣬޲ðϱ̫濾
ûѪ֮Ҳʰ㡣
ǿӿ𵴶ֱ˶ȥ

һƬȻ͵Ŀ㣬ʲô˼ѵѪ֮Ҫһս𣿸ո˺֣ս൱ѣ˶Ѫ֮£ȻѹһҪǲѪֵ֮ǻսĹ
һǿҲɻ󲻽Ŀ㣬̫дˡʹΨͬȾ£ҲҲѪ֮Կˡ
СӣʲôɻĿ㣬Ŀ⿴㣬ȴ㱬ֲϺ˽ֻ֡ʱѾ·ˡ


896 ֻؾ
˼治Ѫ֮Ҳû֣һʮɱľУϵʩչ
㱻Ľڽںˣ˲²ʩչѪ֮֮Ѿ˵Ķˣûƣ㵲סˡ
ٸһᣬѪ֮ʩչ˶ȵ硣
㲻Ѫ֮ͬܶԸ㡣Ƿ˫ޣǸ㡣ȷʵ˫ޡ㶢ˣ𵴶ڴͬʱҲ
֪Ըʩչòӿǣ֮סõľȻʥ׾е֮ס
֮ʩչ֮Ʊش׵ӿֳ۽׵ϡӿع׹ƣܺһ㣬ضҪƵġ
֮ױһ߾ǺȻĴͿ㱩׵硣
֮ףⲻܣٹսһ͵վ忴㱬֮ס֮ǲνϤǵ껪һ߾磬ܻͨ
ⲻص㣬ص֮׵ĳ֣ǿԴ껪ѧҲȣʧĵزǣôѧ᣿
һ߿㣬д𺳡֮׵岢ֻҲ֮ͨ׵ǣԽ֮׵һ֮ף
һִ֮ףһΪǿ֮ʥŰʮһأǰʮ׳ۣмʮأ԰н磬ܴзʮأʩչ֮
֮£֮ףһأǾʹһ֮ͨףвʮͨ
ʩչ֮ף𾪵Ŀ㡣ţǺصҲԲ֮סΪӻʧ֮󣬳ȥ֮ףûˡ
ǣȴʩչˡţпܽӴ֮סϵͨ⣬пܺϡʵ뵽ǻĴ̲סüͷ㵽ʱ£֮ܽ׶֮࣬õϢ
ǲܣֵ¶Ҫܣ֮ףմȾϢ
뵽⣬̲סһ̾ϢϧһԵ
Ȼǲ֪֮ʥѾõϿɣҲʮ֮ס
׵Կƣڴ֮׵籩֮󣬿񱩵Ƶ˲ϺˣʹѪ֮Ҳ׺񱩿ֲ档
еĹУ׵ΪΣʿս˸ոΪѪ֮ռݵƣһȫʧٴδƽ֡
̫ǿˣû뵽ȻϷ绯ı仯
һսûа׿˭û뵽ɡδѪ֮£͵סˡ˻ǲһֻҪʩչѪ֮ѹˡ
Ҳ˵Ѫ֮Ȼδʩչ¡ʩչ£ռϷ硣
㲻Ҫ˵Ѫ֮ˣֻҪצѪ֮ʤùˡǼĶӣ츳˿ֲǾûצѪ֮𣿡
ҲצѪ֮ȻצҲǷǿġǾͼצѪ֮Ҳѹһ
԰ȻѪ֮ûб£ѹһȴѾˡ
Ҳ˵ｻ֣ÿһ©ܾʤȻʤһǲս˭֪ô
԰ο˶ǿľûжá˶ͨͨδ˭˵һʤԷ

˼㱩췣֮׵ӿ֮ٴֲ˵Ĳ࣬üͷҲѪ֮ûʩչ¡˭֤ûб췣ֶΣ
ο췣֮£ʵ£ʤ㣿ﵽΣ಻̫Ļ԰ܶԷ˾ãҪѪ֮Ҫ죬ʵһЩҪʤҲѡ
ʤңҪʤҲѡ
ӿըرɢҪݻ٣ֲ˺Ȼ
ǿδأ
˲Ըʹ֣ڣѾѪˣҲǱõҲʱʱ¶⡣ʱ˴˺޲ó㡣
㲻ɣ
㶢žûΪϧ񱩶׵𶯾ŷϯ˶ȥ
˳סͻȻڿնͷӸµĿ㣺ǿҪﵽ磬ҪǿһǣȴҲʤҡ
Цʲôʩչǣ𶼽¡
Ļ˺һӲ𣡡
ʵкҪǲʵѹƵ𾳣ȷʵĶ֡ǣͬȼϡ𻹲˭㶢˵֮ͬУ޵У
ŵĻ˵һʧĿ㡣ջ湻ģȻ˵ŵһ仰
ͬ޵еĻҵĵһΨģҲ˵ǣʱȴ˵
Ҳ㶣û뵽ŵ˵زͬ޵УǺŰԵĻΪʥŮҲŰԵҲͬ޵СϵʥʥŮǵĲûС
Դļһ˱ĵĿ˵ҲܲˣȻ˼˵ͬ޵С
㱻˱Ҳöס˱˵ľʩչɣҪʲôΪʥŮ
ʧġ˶㣬ܲԴꡣúýѵ
˳ƮڿնϵƮõƮ֮䣬ֵ֬ļ֣ʮ˲Ŀǣֻǿһۣܿɫ䣬ֻӰ趯ͬһŮˣֵĴ⣬ʮöġ
ǣĽݹˣȴûһ˰˼趯ϣǴ͵Ŀˡ
찡Ȼʩչͨ
˰ɣԼˣд֮ҲͨʩչҪɱ㲻ɣ
ȻǷӰͨʩչҺãҲͨÿǽ档
ͨ棬пͷ

˶ˣ衣
ԣйֻؾ
˴֮䣬趯Ӱϵı任ԭӰϵı任ûӰȻְҵ򶹸ʩؤá
һӰһֻصӰƵģһ޴Բ̣Բ̴ﶼȥеһжĥ𡣳鳾ĥһɶֻƵģһжٴڡ
޴Բ̶㸲Ƕ˵С㵹Ҫεסֻ֮֮ͨһͨҽŷҵʩչҿνӵ£


897 ͨԾ
ʩչֻͨԲͬĩƵģϯ£һжɽȥе֮ͬͬǺһ䣬ҪС
ռܰﲻѹֲҪһж˺ѣҲֻصϢʮֲֿȻ
ذܣŭȺɽе˿Ҳ£˵ķĤݣĤƵġ
㿴ŶԷͨһĶ˵ͨѵҾû𣿡
뵲ס˵ɣͨͨԶܵסġʹʩչ췣֮Ҳ޷סͨ
˱֪ͨ˴ʱҲܱͨȫ衣ǣ㱬һ˿㹻ˡʰˣʹ֮ܶףҲԲܿסͨ
֪оŵǬĽݹõһͨǣΪͨסҵֻؾ𣿡
˴ӣŵǬȷʵֲֻؾǿһӵΣԼܽ顣
ʩչɣСֻؾ򡣡˶㣬ʮ㡣
˵ʱӰ趯һ뵽Բ֮УԲ̸ŤתǬ֮Уֻء
ֻؾôĿ飬ҲƿֻءȻΪһͨƿֻأϣӰһҲӿܿԲ̵շѹ
Ҳ˿⣬ͨȻֻؾƿֻءֻŷҴ󷨣ֻصһϢѡǣ㹻ˡֻصһƣҲΪ֮Ȼˡ
㲢ûʩչŵǬһӿϵط׭Ҳա
˭㣬ֻһͨˡƷֻؾ׾١
˵˲䣬𵴶һ𵴣ɽӣɽ۳һŶŶת֮䣬һѹϢ
ŶԲײһһصײҵĴײɢƲңǻԺɱȴˣ𶯶׵Ĳ˲飬ҪΪƵģըѿһжҪƵġ
ײͨʼĥԲذѹĹŶǰû̫áȻѹĹŶҲȫѹԲ̡
翪ٵص֣ɽҪݣ쫷ϯ
ǺεȵսʧĿˣ޷𾳶δ߱
䡭
¡¡ľ첻ϣ˫ֻŶâǣѹϢѹһҡΡ
ʹһ˿ҲëȻǲͨǿŴʱ֪ͨǺεȵ졣ѹ˵ֶͨΡȷʵˣʩչͨȫﶼܱʩչֻ죿޷
ͨ棬Ŷվǿһѹ£ĥԷԲҲϱĥ𣬾ܹŶͬԲǿһ
ⲻܣ˿ԼͨȻԷˣ𺳡ͨǷҺ͵ҵĽϣΪֲԶһͨҲҲǿ֮һĵƣȻǱˡвš
ħˣһ˵ͨҲҺųֻأֻصľҽְɡ
ȻŶûɽѹһеЧȻ֪ͨжǿǴӹŶ֪ŶͨôֲʱҲ֤ʵǿͨЧˣ֮ͨѹס
ɽӱ䶯֮䣬˵ͨڱѿһѣŶ˵ͨҲȣͨˡɫ䣬ӰŶȥ
ŶϾ˵ͨĥ̫ͨǿһ˱ʮ£ǱƬ̡
˲ʥӼֻƬ̣Ӱܿ˹ŶѹӰ֮⡣
״Ӱһƾͺ˹ȥ˼һƺɫ˱䣬м䣬һѪҺȼ񱩵
Ҳ棬Ӱܿ˶ԷѪ
㣡սձС㲻ˡ˵꣬ӰԶߡ
˵Ͳ𣿡òռϷ磬ȻԸӰ׷ȥǣ˱ϾʥӼʱ·磬ҪӵĻҲס
㾫ѪȼձһһҰȥ㲻òܿ
ݵʱ䣬ӰѾûټʧҲû׷𡣶ҪʤǶԷִҪӣԼסǣ̫ˡȲε˭ûбֶΣ
һܵеѪȣҲաŮȷʵǿһսȻ˲ơ֪ԷƻأΪģξѪҪһʱ䡣ȻңŴѵԴĵҲ̫ã
뵽˵ǿһŮˣԺĺáһѹʵ´κԼ֣֪᲻ֱӱȫʵʰԼһ˵

һǱ㣬𺳡Ҳû뵽һֽȻˣûзֳʤǣǿһȴɵġ
ʤˣ˵ܿΨĵ츳
ӦǱΨĻҪǿһЩͬΨҲֻܱˡңΨĶѪ֮δá
ǰ֪Ѫ֮׶ǿҲܿΨˡ
ѹ˵ͬ޵еĻһı¡
λõ˭أ湻ͷ۵ġȻʱʵȲΨģǼʱգ㲻þ׷
ʱı֣ʤҪһЩ
ǣϾʵŲ𾳰ʱ䲻ˣԺǿǴʱȲΨȴɵġ

֮λޣսȴʲôûƵģӰԶ䡣
뿪㣬һĿ̲סɽ֮۵ķﻹһƣĲҪѲɣĲ֮λ
ɻ󣬶ŹֵĿ뿪ķȻ㲻ȥȡơ
ǶʲôʥӵλðǾȻҪ
֪֪ʥӴʲôһ塣ǣ


ɸ߸ɽ֮ۡûһȡȡƽ߲ȥȡȡȴûȤƵģûаһϵƣɽܷ紵
ȻһսҲ˴似˲֪ٱܿţҵ˶ֳ֪һ˿̼Ҳ񡣶Ȼ֮񣬵Ҳ쳣Ĺ
ĸ¥Ҳ쳣İԱǰҵһҲΪ˵ֻҪʵܵõǵ𾴡ĪռһͷǲˬǴ˿ҪΪǾԲһսЧ


898 ֮λ
սٳ¥ܼ˳ȥԴҲֻĸסˣһ㡣ʹҵǰݷã㶼ܶ
ͬģҲ֪ŵȥˡڸ¥һ죬Ҳ˵ټ
һսҵĵλԴҲϢ˵ΨĽⶾ֮Ҳû㽻ֵ顣˵Ψ˽˵ͬȼܱƵߡ
仰ȥٴһƬȻΨ仰ǲǴˣΨĸߴצѪ֮Ҳκβ㣿츳ǿֵز
𺳣ͬҲ˰ĿͶˡǸϳԿһȴ쳣İҲûҪ㡣ķٶɻǲסֻ˵ǿı
ΪľֶΣܰġ
һĹȥһ죬ҺĵȺɽͻȻâǣӵصӿȺɽһֹһĴϢȺɽ֮͸Ϣ͸Ⱥɽ֮УȺɽеˣϢ͸Ųٵ˾˶
ڸ¥УоɹӿҲޱȡҵȺɽѾֲˣ֮пɾĴڡǣ˿̾ȻٴŨһΪʲôѵͨɣ
Ⱥɽ˱ãҲҵɻ󲻽⣬Ŀ⿴һһҵʥءѵʥ֮еʲô
ȻǺ㶼֪𰸡Ϣ͸˴һЩϢͣ뵽жԼá
ѾĬ𾳵żȴṳ̂ȥ㵹ǲʱȻһʱͻƵ𾳣ʵŨ
һս֮øҪԡڳ˵ҪġǶʥӰ˵ȴ쳣Ҫˡ񣬲ž˵츳չ֣ܵסʥ
Ψĺˣű϶ſ˵ĴڡϵʥʥŮܶ࣬Ȼ˵ͬ޵еĻܱܲǴ
ԣ˭ԼŨ͸̡رԼĵ߶ԶҲӰ졣
Լʱһ뵽ıͷͬʱȺɽеŨ񼸷֡
۾˹ȥŵվǰŵɳ飬ĿţĹճԸеջϾһŮˣ룬ѹֵں׳ǵʱҲֻҶ˼ѹһھǵʱȴܳΪһ¡Ůˣȷʵöĵ
㣡û㰡ŵЦеĿ㣬㶢ǰıҲ⣬ĺɫˣĳȵĿʶ̫ˣҲϣֻŵЩȵǣͣȻҲŻֵ
û룡˵룬ʧôãҪĸ״᲻ͻȻҲͦģһС̡
Ļŵɫ˺죬ҲЩ߳ŭݺݵĵһ۵˵˵ʲôô
ŵ˵⻰ʱζĿվ㣬ȥ漴ɫκ˵֪ԡ
㷭˷ۣԺŵԼ˺ӣܲܰĺҲһ뵽̲סһ
ŵƺ֪ʲôצĲӣݺݵ˵׼룡
㱻ŵŵţǰ㣬͸ŵڿǰıһûз϶ȿţʮջԸС
ŵ㱻Ҳ˵һ仰Ŀֻǿһɻ˳Ŀ⿴ȥϾͷԼĴйϽɿ㣬ѹؿڣʹŵΣ˿̲סɫ糺죬һ۵СƨԽԽˣôɫŲ㣿
ʼ޹˵㶼Զ͵ǰˡҪǲôԵ㣿밡Ҫǲ˵û¶ջҶмһˡһŮ˵б˵𣿡
ޣŵ˷ۣһڣ
νʼ磬漴ٴɨһۣŵظȷʵģܴ·Ҫơ
ŵ㻹ĶͷгԲڵСƨôɫ󵨣
˵仰ϷһŵȴҲ߽Ͻ죬ϷŵûʲôǱڵϷˡûˡ
ˣŵЦɹˣ
ŵЦǱĶɹ˲⡣
ŵĻ˵ͷҲ赹ˡҲСһЩǶջܴҪǱ˵֪˵͡
ŵ۾һʮˣЦҪȡɡ
ŵôģҲ˵ʲô
ԱĪ̲סʵ˵ʲô
ûлش㣬ŵǶһۣ漴ЦеĶ˵ȥġ
˵⣬ŵͻȻǰһ˵СһҪһҪҷ䣬㿴ϸ
ЩûƿڴŮ̫ˣԼ׵˵仰ȫǳݺ
㿴ףȻ׹ŹֵĿԴʱˡǲ±Цֻ⻰ĸĶֲðˡ
ĸ׶ԼϱģرԼְ֣ŵʱ򣬸úϲ£졣
ļ˵־ŮҲȥ
ĻҲûֻ͡תƻЩʲôȥˣŵʲôݣ
˵ϹһһѪҲЩԨԴԺ߽һЩܰá
ٴת⣬㵱ûŵ԰ԼСƨԼѣҲȷʵûġȻŵԸջöġ
ˣҲ˵ʲôЦЦ˵Щ鲻˴ʢֲʱҪΪѹҲС
ҶûȤ˵ҵǾΨĺǱ
üͷ˵治
ͷ˵ұϾҲϤͻȻҲʣΨҳ󣬶ҺϤټԭܵЩ𾴣ܺʣʵԶԶҡܴ󣡡
Ļʵ⣬ߵ㣬츳ҶϿɣܴﵽĵزһ˵ҡ
ҡͷҪԼĵΪҵ˷ġ
㲻Ļ㶣漴һ˵Ҳգʱ̸Щ飬ȥڰɡڶȤص۵ĵݱݸӡ


899 
Ĵ£㵽ʥأʥغͱһһһС磬뵲ƣʮΨԪҲŨŸִʮǣ˵꣬·ҪƵġֵط˺һļҪԶԶĵط
Ȼ֪Щ嶼ޱȣҲֲˡһ·ߵһ¥¥ߣЩáڸ¥ȴ쳣Ĺ
ڣˣкһ
㣡һȴйƻı쳣
ɨһף׵ͷŶһȥУͼһϵһˣ˾Щͣ۾ȴ
ˣҲ쳣𾴣ֻΪԷڣҪǺͺͬһȼ
ӡǸҿ᫼㣬ֱӶ˵
֪׿϶ԼʥѪ᫣ͷ֮ңѪĵȵѪ֮ӿĶͷҲһצӡǣӡ֮䣬ɢһɹϢ
᫾ܼˣǴ˿Ҳ͵վֱֱĶĶͷ֪˵ѣۼǲз˾ξˡ
ʥѪɫô꣬һֱΪָʥѪŬǻŰΨĵʥѪצĲΣҪȫתʥѪǲܵġ
û뵽ǣһֱҳĵӣȻӵĻѪ
᫶ͷãŻƽϢȥ㵭˵֮УѪΨѪܱ˳ƺΪʥѪ֪Ϊʲô
Ϊ껪˰¡㵭˵ѪܿʥѪȲϻǿƣעֻܹѪ
᫵ͷ˵˵ҲǺ޵ǳ֮⣬ѪȷʵֲֻҪѪѣܲܡȲϵģοѪӡֻҪھѪ֮ʵңѪ֮ھԽ࣬ѪԽϴˢߵѪϣɾ塣ҲΪʲô껪ҪǿԵʡ
ͷǻ͵ѪҺͶԼĴǵĴӡѪУֻҪȫѪҺܼ̳͵ĴĴá
ȻЧѪУ壬Ѫͬӡ˴ȻһҲСӡѪܳƺΪʥѪѪֻһȴԡΪΣ
ָ̣
Ϊŵǧ껪ϸʦκιٶܵĹӰ죬幦˵½еĹǴӻȥģǴ½ԴͷڡҲԭ򣬻ڵΪ干ʥ塣
㣬Ҳ˵ɻǣȻǸ幦ԴͷڣǴ½Ĺܶ඼ͻĹԶνͣ
ɻ᫺ܿͣ껪ʥ壬Ҳʥķ緶Ϊ½ǼеĹóøѧϰ嵱ԻҲȷʵ𾴣쳣гֺг£ԽԽǿ󡣵ǺǷ֣ܻ幦죬Ƕ˵ȴȫʺϡϾǻ幦ǻʺϻġҲԭ򣬸忪ʼʺĹ
вԻĹΪĸ츳ǻۡһںķ֮󣬽ĴʺԼĹҲԭ򣬲ϵ׳ֱ󣬸嶼ԼϵΪĲ켫󣬵˸ֹЩѾ幦ӰˡǸʱ򣬻͸廹ǺദҲǰټϹ֮ǰΪԻ͵ʱڣǿͬһ㵽ǡһֱ嶥ǿʧ
ڻĹ嶥ǿʧ֮󣬸Ҳ˼лĲٶǿڣǲġǣ֮Щ˾;ʥʵˡŲʵֲ£ıǡǾһԻĹչµĻ
᫵Ļü׺Լ˵Щʲôã
᫰˰֣棬ͷӡ˵֪ΪʲôһֱҪĻѪ𣿡
ΪѪǿ̽ʵ
ҡҡͷѪǿǻѪͳѪڣͬǿޱȡȻȲϻѪȴҲֵ˺ķѪˡϾٴѪ֮࣬Ҳȫֲ
ǣ㲻ˣ
᫵˵һԭǣʥѾȫҪΪʥ¼ѪڶԭҲҪԭӵвٻ幦ǵ껪屻ʱڣתƸġǣĹֻлʺȻӵлѪŸëĳ֣ͬô˳
˼ǣѪΪľĹ㶵Ŀ˵
ûĹ½ǿĹһеԴͷбɽȴ޷ȫáԣ˰ЩڻͨȻһּߵľ硣˵ܴﵽ껪嶥ǿ߰ʵ
ʧû뵽᫴⡣
ԼĵĹһ߳Լ·˵οĹ֮࣬ѧɢҵĻҲʲô¡
ˣ˵Լûңţ߳һԼ·ǣⲻܷɽĹʺϻ˵ģҲҪԼĵĹҪѻĹȫ뵽ĵС
ǰͣ᫵Ļˡ
᫵˵Ĺͱ幦ͬĹÿһ⣬߳Լĵ幦ĵΪģԻĹΪ֧ͬһ㣬ٴΪ󺣡ĹͳԼĵĹۼӣܶдãִòֻƿֹǶԴ׺㽫ܴﵽĸ߶ҲԽǿҲΪʲôһֱҪŬѪԵʡ
ɻ󣬵û뵽ԭ
ǣĹ֮࣬Ҫöپѧꣿü˵ЩѾߵߵľ硣
ˣĹศɣǵʱҲѧĻĹԽ࣬Խߡ껪嶥˭ӵ᫿˵ѧͬ;ﵽһ֮Ĺȫ׾ٵաͬһˣѧϰ׶Ҫʱ𣿡
˵㿴ɻʵ˼
չرɣŻı书ѧԽ࣬Խ࣬ĴԽаԽ߳һһ߲ˡֻϣЩ߳޷ֻ̫࣬ܰǰ·̺á


900 
Ҳһֱ⣡ĬһͻȻ᫡
һ仰㶣ңû˾ܾԼһ仰ǼҲִСǣûȻҲ;ܾ
᫾ܲϰߣȴûΪʲô
ûΪʲôҾǲһֱңش˵Ҿ棬Ÿʺҵĳɳ
ſںһ䣬ҶڴһʱԡҪõĴȴǲܵģҶ˼գ㶼Ų£ҪȥңҶ˼֪ͬҪȥҡңٻԴһڻĿռʧҲټҪҵһϢ
㲻Ҿô
ɨһ˵õԴܵõϵͳ츳ҵ£Ȼֱܷ׷㽫׷ΨģҲǲܵġ
ûϵһԣ㶢˵
᫶ã֮˵˼ʦص۵˼
صۣвƽصĺ󱲣ǵ꽻棬ȴһǷһĶ顣ȻʱѾˣ뵽ţɲƽ
Լ˼ʦҲҵġ˵һֱ޳ɽĸֵͳȵԴҲ֧Լľ
᫵ͷص۵˼ףҪһԼԼ·ǣ֪Լ·֪㸸׵ΪʲôһС𣿡
Ҳɻǰ϶Ҳݺ󣬿ȴһƫƧСС
㸸ҲʥӼ츳ڸҲĸܿԼĵϺĸìܡһ֮µһȫŭľ뿪ԼȥǶʱ䣬ҶϾ˹ϵ
㾪ȣû뵽Լ׻һʷ
㸸츳ȷʵҲΪԼĵ㲻ңҲߵ۷塣ˣڴͻƵ۾ʱûмİŬͻƲ켹ǣʵͣڴ涥ĲΡͣҲͣ⡣ҶϾʥʥŮȴùԴԣܶ˶ͻǾ޴켹˾ͷĲΡ
Ǿ޴ģ㸸׷ܷҪƿǣƿƾͳƵġŬ޷뵽۾ĲΡȻ㸸׵Ҳ˵ΪеʥʥŮУЩȻŹᡣǰȥ㸸ĸһսһս㸸ĸˣҪҵ˸ϹȥҲҪ˶䣡
ҲΪ⣬ʱС򣿡
᫵ͷʱǲ֪㸸һӣҪȻҲ϶ҡ㸸ĸشصңҲΪ˴شҲûоֱܾ׷׷ЩʥʥŮ
Ҹ˵δ·ǲǾ˼Բһֱһؼҡɻʵ
᫵ͷţ㸸һĸˣѡĵ·ʧˡϣԼĶܴ꣡һֱϣܲҵĸԴ߳Լءû㸸׺ͺص۵뷨ǶˣҵԴȻԽãǻٶԺĵ·Ӱ졣ϾԴУǿߵķ֮٣ڱ˵ĵУȻڶżİǵﵽһ֮󣬺֢ͳˡԼ߳ĵҪͬҪķҲпһӶ޷ͬҲܵ£һ޷ͻơصۺ㸸׶Ҫ󼫸ߣǵ۾۵ľ硣ԣǲ̸İ
ʲô˼ɻʵ˼Ҫҽҵϧº֢
᫵ͷȻº֢ǶʱķչǼΪġڴ֮ǰܷٳɳܽʡʱ䡣˵ܽζھ׷Ψġں֢ȴﵽǸʱ䣬ֻͬҪֳδͳͲ²ͻƵİΨĵ츳һ߳ǵӰġ
Ϻ᫣Ƕһ½ҪһʱȴԼķϲ˷磡һԼʱԴ͵ʵһſԼŬ߶ԼĵмĬ
Ǻǣѡô顣֪Ҫ㲻Ը⣬ǿб㣬صǼһҪɱ˵
شҲ̫õʱ䣬̫顣Ȼ˵ĹҲܾҾͻȥչ졣ڽŽԴʵ飬ܽܵԴҪûк֢ġ˵ĵرȵȵԴЩű˷ϢĸԴҾͲˡϣվڸ׺ʦһߣʹɾͣҲ޻ڡ
˵üͷվҲûб㣬˵ͷ˵ҲգȻоǾͰԼȥɡԸԸ⣬еУ㶼ñչ¡
ԣӦܾΣܲһֱܾϾԷҲΪԼá
Ӧ᫵ͷȻԸңǾֻİ취ˡ߻Ѫܾʹ˷ѡ֪ѪãȵʱѪеĴͻĹеĴӡ֤ʱˡĻԵֻĻԵ
ѪҲףѪ²ֻǾѪ֮ġȴɾ˻Ѫܸܲң㵽ʲôʵ
ЩˣôһֱѪȴ֪ԼԶ޷ɹġûڻ꣬áˣӡѪġ
Ѫ֮ǲѪġңѪҲġ˵
۾һ˵ģһҲʥѪ
ͷͻйأ
û˵͸Щ˵͸ԴҶûкô
᫵ͷ˵ĿռƵģҲʥԣѵŤתѪҺ֮ͨɣ
ûзϣΪҵһòˡ
㲻ϣ᫾ΪԼ¶ˣ̾һҲֻʥǸε˰ɡ˵Ϻ
˵⣬᫿һۣ漴˵ѹֺصǶļһҲԸΪˡⶼĻҲգ¾ʹ£֮ϷٰšϷǰ⡣
л棡㹪˵Ȼûһ˿ϢɢһǺѹġҪԼȥıһҲֵˡ
Ҳ뿴껪Ĺ˶٣жܿͬ뿴ЩĹǲܿѪӡ֤ѪӡĴϢȻ˵ѪĴ˵Ĵ
Ӱһ˺ѿռ䣬Ӱûռ֮У㲽һСУУʹԭأֱֱĿѤޱȵǰ


901 ұ
У鲼żżɢŹâһСУһɢ֮Уȫֹżеơ
ȭ⣬⣬⣬⡭
ż͸鲼С磬пŹâĹż𺳡
ǻĹĹÿһż껪ǿ߷ĹЩżϻǸԹ⡣ȭȭ⣬Ž⡣
ͷһ鲼Ĺżȡһ˿֮䣬ԺһеͬʱⱾżϲƵϢҲķĹꡣЩͬһ㣬׼ȷż˼һȭȻ̶ʱ÷ϣҲһš
Ĺż
棬ҪżûЩǣԲ˿żȭ⡣
ѹżŵһԣֺ˼ȭȦģŹɹ⾳⾳ת֮䣬ѪҺҲתļΪ١Ծȭӡ֤һſԿƷȭ׵ıա
᫼̶ʱͰһȭգҲȲѣ̾ʥѪǿҪǴﵽ۾ôղ֣Ŵѣδ۳ȴ˿е⣬ǿˡ
ԭΪ㲢ѧϰ̫Ĺ伮ʱٶͻͽĳˡ
㵽úõºϷ㣡˵꣬Ӱûռʧ
Ҳû᫵뿪ʱѾЩĹżСκһֹż⡣ʹ򵥵κ˶ѧĽ⡣
Ҳ֪ԵʣΪģЩĹ쳣ļ򵥡ֻҪ꣬չеľ衣
㾪ȵǣÿѧһ⹦뵽֮УĵҲĳĵ⣬ʱҲֵơ
ŵֹ֣ӵĿݣת֮䣬Źżָ˲ץסص㣬żٶٴһ
йż͹뵽УתҲԽԽ졣Ҳ˵йͬٴۼɺƵģʼ׳ĵҲ
ĺɰٴ㼫ΪȣرǲǰԵº͵ĳȵıĹգ㱶档
ǻĵ鴫ֹ
㲢֪ǼҾһ壬ܵ侫裬Ϊ̫ʹŵӡĽͣҲȫա
ӡڵĽͲν֪ÿһ仰˼ǣⲢʲô侫衣
ͺñһѨĹѾеѨλԼֵķʽ˽⡣ʵʩչþ˳ʩչΪʩչѨҪʩչ׼ȷȺͷʽҪģҲĻ
ͺñʱԵˡ޸ͿʼĹʹȫ˼ȴɹʱЩȻԶԶȲϵ档ȴֲʲôĻһéٿĸо
ȻΪϵҾĸҲҪɵࡣ
һศɵٵմӪһһĹ㿴ꡣȻȹۿйż͵ȵġ֪ԼʲôʱרĵĴˣٿģǾҪɵࡣ
޷ʳֹⱻڻͨ꾳Ҳڲͣʵȴѹԭز
Īĺôģ˵ģĹڻ֮ͨҲܰеĹΪһ塣ΪŵҪǱߣʵﵽ˴ϵľ磬ͬһɫĹȻҲֻʱƷ֮µĹڸ߼ĹﵽۣҲȫ
ʹ껪ĹˣҲͬһ˿ûй˼ɵҲֻеںϵҾĿˡ

ûûҹ⡣ȴɾۼɽۣ֮ɽ֮۴ѾȫⶾΨƴˡ
粻ǿߣôͰѶȫˡЦеĿΨģһĻȡ
˿һ˽棬Ѿʼ͵͵ԶˡΨҲǳԿˣһѣܵˡΨĴʱݣȻǵ˱Ե
ҪŮˣվΨĶˣɫѿΨҲû뵽ô󵨣Ȼ¶ԵĶҪǾμʱҪ°Ψ֪޷ˣƽҲˡϾˣһһŮˣԸƽϡǣŮԽԽˣһ㶪
αôǸһС㶾ѡûʲô£ڻ𣿡˶ΨЦУ紺žա
Ψһеıŭ֪Ů˽ʲôǷϻ뿪ҽƾ㲻ҪҲ㡣ļ֮λܴһŮˡ
ԭЦ⣬ʱȴͬβƵģ͵ΨģŭΨģʲôɿŮˣѵôȥбһư

ű׵ˣðź⣬̲סͬĿһΨģŭŮˣӲùˡΨҲ⼤ŭˣϾ˭֪˿Ůˡ
ô룡еļ֮λǲܴŮ˵ġΨĶ˵ıŭ˿û⣬Ҳˣ㼴ʹҲ㡣
Ψģ㵱ΪСӮ㲻ɣձСҪſ㡣СƻҪˡͲ㣡ŭˣӿѹȥȻҪΨĽ֡
Ψ֪Ů˷ôҪܿ޷üͷֱ𣬵ס˵ˣ𲻺֣Һ㶼ûȤͬɵá
ܲܵã˵˲㡣ſ֮󣬿˭Һ˺ߵӿ춯أֱΨĶȥ
㲻Ҷ֣ǺαأΨĵס˵Ĺ
ǲǴ֪֮ˣСʱڣһصеĳӵġʰ㣬ȥʰǲ֪㵽ȥ㡣˵֮䣬£ֲ캳أûѹƵԵʣɽˣ¶Ҫݡ
Ψüȴ׳ȥſ˱ް취ֻӭȥ
˽ʱһĵһ欷˵룬ץ˹ȥλǺαˣƼȻҶҪͽҰɡǱܣ
һ仰˿ƾճֵŮһʧѣ漴бŭ˭飬Ҳܲģ


902 
˭˶ǰŮˣŮĻ˿ҸһŮζ֣֮һ
ŵЦеĿˣûشǵĻǰĿ⿴Цøң
ΨľŮ˵ȴҲŭŮ˲֪ðģ˾ȻҪƣ۸û˻ʲô˼
ºôĿΨʱҲ˲úۿŵ˵Ƶⲻܴģ
Ϊʲôܴ򣿡ŵЦе˵Ҿ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôŲţ
һ仰˺Ψ۾һŵŵȻݣͻȻŮ˵Ķʵ뵽ڱг˵ʲôŮҪݣ
㵽˭Ķŵ
ŵЦе˵ȥ㣡гԡ
ߣŪ飡˻Ƣδûʳ͵ĳ֣񱩱ʮɵȫʩչһ޴ĳޣ޽ɨͬβֲ
ŵһУָ㶯Ϣ͵ǰ棬޳ǰȻı޲ǰֺγֶá
ôܣеʥŮȻԷ׾ٵĵ£Ǵ͵Ŀŵдżֲš˿Ҫ۾ʵֲ졣ǰŮȻܵ£˵͵ʵҲܿˣ
ѵһʥŮ˹ŹֵĿŵһʥŮ
ΨĵͫĿҲ͵µǳҵϣƴȺɽ֮УȻ׽ֻ׽ҲԶƣ
ǵʲôûʲôȤֻǳ㲻ڣᣬҿ۾ǡƻȽұܡŵЦеĿΨ˵ҪҲҪһ
ߣǸͷڹ겻֪ܵȥˣǵЦһ
ʥأҪչ£ŵ˵ŵ˵Ǻϣ֮λġҲкôȻĹϵҲ̫鷳
ѹֹ֣һû뵽㵽ʥȥˡ
ʲôϵ˶ŵСӿ˳ģŮ˵ıȴȻĸԸΪͷһ޸ļһ
㣡ŵЦеĿŵ
ŵĻΨҲ̲סһ㡣СӻܵܵϷŮ˵ֶ̫³ˡ
ΨĿɽ۵˵˭ãɡλãվǼȷġʲôãˣҪܴӦҾΪΣ
˻棿۾һΨ˵
޶Ψļᶨ˵
أ˶ŵ˵
ŵʼҲش֪֮λûʲôȤǣŵȴϣȥ֮λĺôҲŵΪͷԭ֮һ
ҪǣΪʥŮлһطҪȻʸûУŵͷˣ
ҪǴӦȻ˵ʲôŵЦͬͬ⣬Ǿ˵ˡ
򳪸棡ֹһܣ
Ψһƾһǰ˵ͻؼ
˸Ͻͷһ·Сżס֮ظϹȥ
СһȥһΨĶŵ˵
ãŵҲܾЦеĿΨģΨĵӰٵ
˼״ҲӰˡ

ŵȻ֪ߺһ椿һջĿﰡ
ǹջģʵֲһʥŮ
ֶΰŮ˶ܹϣҴңԭֻ츳ǿŮҲͬǿ
СǰĽ

ŵŮ˵Ϣ˲ҴԽԽףҲڳŵѾкӣĸҲӦǵ飬͵Űˡ
ҥԽԽңʵ˷ӵĳƺ
ԼѾҰܻĲ㲢֪ʱڷеĸֻ似ʱѾĹϣǰڻϵıҲֲ£תҲޱȣֲ˳ֵĵطʱʧһɶ
ʱĵͬһƽƵģкתϢתϢľʵҲɱѹƣѹ¡
˴һս֮㷢ԼƽƣʥʥŮȴޡԣѹԼʵĽΪԼŨһЩ
Ŀ֮Ÿ߼Ĺȥ߼ĹʱȻҪĶĶࡣҺõǣʱҲСгɾͣʱ䡣
ǻеһжСŵģĹɵࡣ˻ҪʱĹȴ׵ա
ŸֹҲ֪Լ߶ٹʱľۼ֮ĺôԶ׼ģȱ˵ԼĹʩչҪǣ֮Ǿҵ˹ȱ㡣֮䣬ܿƶԷʽ㣬һֶΡ
ȻеһôӵҹνǺɰٴǿɣҲ׾١ڵĹҲӵһʼ󺣽ˡ
ܸоԼŸ⣬ⶼ뵽ĴУڸ£ĴҲڴĸ򲻶ϵӡ
һͷܸоĴصϡָоʮ΢Ҫ㼫ѡǴʱ׵ѹ˵ֹˡڿˣÿһֹ⣬Ǵǧзֻġʱǻع鱾ԴȻ޷ǧǶմһߣԼĵǼкôġ
ڷΪ⣬ľڷǿȷиơ̶ѾԽ𾳡
ǿȴźʹ϶ȣԽǿԽܺʹϣԽͻƿ档ѾˣʱһҪﵽΣҪһ֣ҪǾܼȮ죬Ҫ͸ǾһӶ
ǿȻԽܽȴˡȻҲǿԽģ紫У־еĸԴǣԴϡ٣رģһԴóҲáǹ壬óҲΪۣ
̶ȷҪ˿ĻȻʱֵƣǿȾˣⲻӦһ𾳵ӵеġʱ꣬ͬһѧƵģֹһȴȣʼŸӸ߼Ĺ


903 𾳶
µʱ䣬һֱڱ֮ⱦеƵĹѾĲˡʱƣеĵⶼ뵽ĴУĴĳԭӡ֤˵ġֵںĵ֮Уĵ׳ҪǣǴŻĴûųЩʱֵһȣеĵⶼ뵽ĵ֮Уͬɰٴһ㡣
Ĵ໥ӡ֤߶ֵƣҪǴʱԱߵĻȻܵõĪĺôΪ͸ԷУȻöԷʵȻֻԴµáڴﵽϵЧʮˡ
ƷٶѾʮˡ춼һסȣֱһһءǣҲ֪ﵽƷҪԼˡ˲鼮ϵ⣬ֻǱ˵ĸ򣬿ԽǲܰͰࡣƷҪеľ裬ʹŵİҲһɹġ
Ȼ㲢֪ٶڱ˿Ѿֲˡߣ˿ٶƷ
ԭµʱ䣬ûûҹˡ;һΣ֪ҹҲûдš
һ¹ȥˡҲ˲ƷڳƷĹһûмҲĹӵеҲѡʥƷѾԼĵˣҪľգǾ͵ʥƷĴ
ıǾͻδȫ裬ΪĴͱǾĴظֻϣֵ⣬ں⡣ܽţ򱱶Ǿľ衣
һ£Ѿתĺˣˮһ˳ʱ㣬ҲһƷ뵽ڡԼǿȣɲ֪ǿˡոսʱǿ˰ٱֹҪǣĵջʱͬһһֹ
ҲЩѹƲסԼʵˣһֱۻ裬һԪܣԪķӿ
Ǳ⣬ԪȴʮŨԪ֣߾;ۼͬХһԪԪ뵽У֮ͬʱҲϵʵһֱδͻƵľ磬ʱʼͻ
ľѾ㹻ˣľԪľ磬Ԫ뵽С
Ԫʮ־ˣ֮ͬˮϹ䵽ƵġŨԪ壬Ҫ˿ĻȻޱȣԲһͽ׵Ĵɵһ߽׵ĴͻƣҲҪĿֲ
ȻֻһҪʵ㹻ǿܿһͼͼ֮һС磬СԪҲӿ뵽УܶȱԪҪŨ
ӿ£ʵڲϵĲƣһķ׭ϣʮעĿ
ýڷҲ㶡ߵľԪ𣬸оޱȡľԪƼ򵥣ǴﵽΣȴܿеľ裬ԪھۼԪͬʱҲܾһԪ
󷨣СӴģɻȻ֪ǹŶľԪ
Ȼ᫵ʵȻҲܿеͼ֪ͼһСΪṩ
˵ʵһС硣ǺǣܽС۳һͨˡϴЦݣֱ۵㶯Ԫǣ£ķӿȥ
ʲôǣԪԪͬڵĽһֱӿȥٶٴһǡ
Ӷ𾳽𾳾ȻҪŨԪԶ˺Ψġص˹ֶΣ֪ġ᫾ȵĿ㡣
ӿ£ͻƵ𾳣ﵽ֮㲢ûֹͣһָΪֲٶԪ㶯ָԪХһӿɡ
Сӽֲ̫ˡҪҰԼɣ֪Ҫá᫾ȣǺܿ͸ȡ
ʵϵⱩһ⽻תϢĵ⽻֮䣬ϵû뵽Ĵ֮УûкĴϢҲ
ĵⲻ֣֮ǰ᫲ʲô಻֪ٵʱɫˡ
ôܣ
еĵֹǧٵܼ塣ȻѾⱦĹż
ԭΪĸµʱʮ֮һѾ൱ˡ⻹Ҫ൱ߵ츳ǴʱǣҲеһ룬֮Ĺ
ⱦ֮еղغ֮᫺ףһϣǺ֮࣡
ôܣСӾ츳죬Ҳ֮డ㿴ȥҪôҲѶȰѵ˵⿴꣬겻ɣ
𾪣ǰȷʵⱦдĹžˡٶȣֱ˼
ѵˣЩżңЩż棬ԻдġҶȫȫ
ֱֱĶ㣬ֵ⽻о漴˷
ˣС죬˵ߵһָ߶ȡ
ڰĵλΨĵǰ棬֮ǰȻӵлѪΪһܳԽΨģϾԼ·ߡǣ˿̼ĸµʱ䣬ȻѴĹž꣬СӶȻŷǷ츳
صһѡӣҲ۽𾦣վǲһﰡ᫸ֱֱ̾Ķ㣬ָ㶯ǣ۶
ʱѾͻƵˣͻѹǿĹ֣ڴĸ㹻ˡҪѹƣֹżʱ򣬾ܴﵽֵزˡ
Ԫ£ʵ᫿һĻҲЦ⡣һչأ𾳣ﵽ𾳶壬𾳣ȴﲻΪģΪ̫࣬߳һҲġС츳ˣһССĿ̫⡣Щ⣬ֻǷѵʱѣ֮˵ʱ䲢ʲô᫻
һѹ𾳣㶨Ȼٴλʱ򱬷ʵ϶ʮŨǣϣĸֹżꡣ
Ԥϵ𾳶ֹͣҲ޷һУڲȴͻƲ𾳵ƿ
ֲһַ˵ĵز룬ʱҪһǰ׵ľ˺ĸо



904 ˱ŭ
ΣҪҪٵչһ󣿡᫿ЦҵԤϣ̶ʱ䣬ܰѴĹѧֱ꣬˼
ҡҡͷˣЩһֱеһжûЩ¶Ҫʱ䡣ҪǣƷҲôɵġ
˵Ҳûǿ˵Ӧ֪ѧһЩĹܴĺôҸϣչصģĹȫʣµĹٶȣһʱȫɹ
ЦЦȻһһꡣⲻϵֹĵò޷𾳡ȸ꣬ΨһȺͰԶԶˡ
ûиı⣬ҡҡͷҲգȻĲңǾˣҵи취
ʲô취ɻĿ᫡
Ȼ㲻ǾЩȥһ㲻һֱңͬҲܰѱеĹϡ
ȥ㶣ҵҲҵһֵ̡ȻԼȥ
᫵ͷ㲻ңҪѧЩȻ֪áһ֣֮ÿһʱ䣬һ֣֮ǰջ಻ѧϰĹͻʧҲֻһСֻĹ㿴Σ
ȻܾмôģϷģһŬıܺеĻĹ
Ȼˣͳȥɣ˵ֱ꣬һӣ㱻һͳһ硣
᫼뿪һžˣֻϧǣСĲҡҪȻ쵼һδһ¡

ְְ֣֣ص¥Ϳ첽ܵǰĻУϰڡ
ЦЦĸûϴˣûζ
ŻʹŶ״ʹſˮϽȥϴˢݡ
ŵ˶㷭˷ۣôС㶼ҪģҲ˼
㿴ǰޱȣԳջŮˣʼĸ£ȷʵûϴ衣ŵҪǲţһ¾ܸо
ŵһۣκ죬漴˵Ȼˣȥ㸸Ҫ
ƣҪʲôҡͷⶫûжô
ǶûãǴݶдáҵģȡŵ˵õš
ҡҡͷҪŵҪҪΪƸĻҵǿȥҸҪҪȻˣҶ֮λûȤ
㡭ŵĶͷĺﶾҺûа취رǣЩң˶ԼʲôģŵΣ־͹ڵΪһͷ
εǣСƨȻƺȤһǰ
治ҪƣŵͷۣռλãȥһأҪȻûʸ񡣡
ȥδɻʵ
һɾŵ˵ŸһһĶֻʥʥŮʸȥԡ
ĵط۾һܿҡͷˣطȻã֮λ治ʺҡû̫ʱҡ
ŵˣüͷվûм˵
Ǻǣŵ㲻ϲӾһȥŵЩʧЦ뵽
ޣźСɫһӾռı˲డŵ˷ۣ˵һǴСһǸˣһֱ㡣
ʼ磬Ҳŵ˵ӰȺɽеһȥһȪȪӿĺˮǹɹɵȻûжáҪǷһݵĻٷ֮֮
ԴɵأȴʲôûжԸһݡ
Уϴˢĸµķ糾ûãһ俩Цʹ棺ͷڹĸ£Ըˣ
仰֪˭˷˵ϴ裬͵ͲЦ𣿡
Сʲôû¿˵𣿡˻£Ӱ˺ϣûдЬںϣ浹ӰʮرöһõӰĽӵ
˶˵ǶС㶼ʶðɣŮʤˡԸˣŮ̫뺷ˣһܿȵġ
˵仰мڳ糺죬һڣ쵰ûôߣŮ˵Ư۹ⲻôһ谡
֪ԾڼˡܲͬʱŮɡ̸һº𡣡
쵰СŲһ裡
һݣʲôһ۵ѵ͵㿴ûϵҲҪǿˣ´һῴġ
ǼŹǣСûȤ
ûȤǾ뿪ɣĵĿһ˵ҪŮˣϾûʲôˡòǿ϶Ҳϲϴġ
˾һƤһ̶ȣ˵ʲôˡ
һƽϢһԼ˵Сֻһ仰Ҫû
ʼͿˣҪǱֺãҶȻûģҪǱֲã˵ˡ
Ǻεôвŭһѹ£ȥʱˮˮ֮ߣء
һŮˣúõڼѧŮ죬Ȼ֪ɱǸ㣬Ҫսһԣû·ҪͰ۾ϡ
㵱һ𣿡˶ˮе㡣
˵꣬һٴӰܿһƣŮ˾ûгȫһƺںϣҲһ޴Уתٶʮ־ˣ֪һƵ
پһ飬ϲԡҪٴ򣬱ɾͳˡ
ߣб¾ͳ˶ģŵ֮ͥ£˼ԡ
ǣĵʱȴ͵ĴˮмȫƬ£
֪ˣҲû뵽ȻľվĶ棬ʧĴԭֱֱĶ壬еĶˣ˾Ƶġ
Ƭ̣ڷӦ糺͵Ťת壬ŭ쵰㲻Ҫ
ԼҪġ˵ңǲӦøұˣ
·ãŭҪһƳ㣬¼ĵ壬㲻һͷ
ûٵƬ֮ɻվŤͷؿǴʱﻹټѾ֪ȥˡ
ŭ˻ߺ㣬ҺƲƣ
Ⱥɽը죬òߴһħŮַˣôˣ㣬ڰ˳ɣ


905 Ů
ȥߵΨģ˿һԶŭĿӵˡ
Ψɨһһۣ֪ôħŮһں㣬ΨеЩħŮԶ֮ȴ˵Ȼ
һ⣡ҴȥʶһԴսΨ˵˴ȥԴḻвٶԼкô
Դսɻ
⴫ǿĵطȻӣԴȴḻԴͻԴޣļȴ٣ܷһԴĻȻᡣ˴һɽɽϵĿʯΪϡϢѾȥˣһЩҲͷļ»ᡣر壬ǵǻعռһϯ֮أǴӵʥѪҡԣ˴Ҫסᡣ
Ǹ鷳뵽ԼųģҲЩ˼
Ǿͼʶһ£ͷܷˣΨһҵӶڸսϣ˵ŭĿӶ
̬˺һ쵰ϷŪԼΡʲôʱԼܱϷŪһֱԼϷŪˣһջصң²˳·ԼĿƵģ
ȹʱʰ㣡һʱԸ㡣Ͼʱһ¶ʱǴǷֵġǣһ뵽СԼҲŭ糺졣
˵̬ΨĿҲŹ֣ʲô˻죿
Ψľȵʱ˶Ψ˵Ѿˣһξ͵˿ɽˡ
ΨĵͷѸսûֶӵĻҲҪսסǹɹɱ硣һȺӺܿ͸ϵ˵ĿɽǰɢŹĺΰɽڴɽϣҵڿһЩĿɽʯȻŴϢƣÿһʯع
Ŀʯ㾪һ
ΨһԽ͵Ǻҿӵд֮ϾɿҺִ֮ԣʹһֺԴʹҲѵһԲȺǰᡣ
Ǻö㿴ĺڹĿʯ˵ͷ˵ʯĿҺ壬ڴ֮µŴáҩĻһĴ涼Ϊá
ΨĵͷɽҪ
ΨˣΨ˵ʱһ߹һǱϻ˺ۣȻǾս
ôû°ɣΨĶ˵ȡһЩдĵҩʳһЩϢһ
ҩ֮ŰĿ⿴Ψģǰ漸ǰ˶ˡǣҿ⼸ϡеĿʯ֮һõһã֮ҡΨٺСҾͷĶˡ
˵ʱĿ⿴ߵĽԴԽԴȻҲϤЦŴкϲ٣ʵﵽ˴档
սٻԶԴЦͶԷ˼䡣
սǲСԴȱ˵ԴǼܣ͵ҽһȫԴ֪ԴĳɾͲ͡սԴߵǣɻʵλǣ
սܿΨģһﵽʶǴûǰλǶԷϲƵĴϢʮֵŨȻһߡѵΨǿߣ
㣡ΨĶս˵
һ仰ս͵İĿ㣬Ŀ´㣺㣿
Ц˵Ҿ㣡ʲộָ
ҲˣսʮǿҲ²ܿõ˽ԴȷϡԴ˵սһٮٮߣʵﵽ𾳣ʮǿȻȲʥʥŮ𣬵˵ЩҪǿ̫࣬еңܳĴҲʮָ֮
Ψļսг֤һʵ˼Ͻߵսм䣬ս˵սһ
սȵŶһҲֹԼ׼̽λľٶΨЦΣ
Ψɨһ˲̫ÿɫͬȼϣʤܣ
˼Ψĸ˼ӣһЦһͲһС㲻䲻ˡ
Ψô˵ЦЦʼҲսػɽȴ͵תͷ㡣д֮ɫ˵ʵǺΨҲֻʤһ˵ǼµпΨĵʵ
ԭ㲻Ѻõ̬˲ʧ˵ʵΨһǵֶΡ
ʶһ£սսֶ˵ʵ֮λʵ㹻ģֻ֤㹻ˡ
Ц֮λҲûȤţҪ˴Ҳ֡ܽҺһսΪʵѹͬȲΡ
ҲҪԷƱͣɱȲ㡣ȻʱһЩһս֤츳Ψ˵֮λ˵ܾ;ܾġһеȽ˵ҪĿĻһסһĿɽ˵ս˵˵ɽڵô
ֹۣȻҴ˻˶ԷιǴʱ֪ȺԽԽˡ嶼ˡս˵
Ҳˣսɫ˱䣬һ壬ʵֲҪǣһԿʯó뻯ϣȺܱȵϵġ
ҿҲ֣ս˵ֻһһֱδΪУѵΪһɽǾͲϧ񲻳ɣ
Ψҡҡͷǵδأʥʶʮңⲻǿ⣬¾λʥµһӣҪõĶֱӶѾʲôŹֵ飬ܺʲô
ս˵ͷȥ壡ȻҲվǲҺܶࡣǲֵ̫ϣҲֻһֿʯҪһֱռ졣һֱ˼ɵ壬˴εûǰֻ
ֻʲôɻʵ
ǰУһǿŮˡҺŮ˽ֹһΣҲһ֮СԭΪ˴ĿɽᱻԷᡣҸоȵǣԷûɽ˼ֻǰ忪ĿʯȫߡⲻҪģɻǣЩʯ֮ÿǰᣬȻְ˿ģǵлѡ
仰Ψĺ˶һۣоޱȣˣôǿ
սĵͷҵĸоС㣡
һ仰˶ȣʧѡ
һŮˣصŵ뵽ĪŮˣ̲סֹһԭΪʵܹھŮ֮ˣû뵽Ů˶Ųʵ
ˣȲȻûˣһһѡ˵ԷԸΪУҪ¾ʯˡΨ˵
սͷҲôģԤһġѾ׼˲ٿʯҪÿʯһǿ߰æĻҵǲϧ͸
Ψĵͷ˵ʱ˴Զλˣٴɴǰˣ


906 ֮ս
һ˸ϵʱ˫ѾսˣΧӵܡӵܲǸΪܳģʹܵΧȴܵס
ӹҪȻɽҪˣ
ڸĺ󷽣һŻۣͷſӡǵŭҵӡ
죡۸ʲôúҪսһսΨĲʾ𶯶ѹ£ʱһƬ˵ˣһˡ
Ψĵͬӣﵽ׶ôǿѹֱҳΪһ
ΨģԸˣӵþˣЦߵ˺һ֣ɽ
ڿĻ£һֱδֵǿߣʱ˳ȥһ֮䣬˵סƵĽڽںˡ
λɽøҵΣ˺˴󺰡
սͽԴһ˺һӰֱ˶ȥҪĿɽǻ񣡡
սңɣľ֮䣬ѪҺ񷣬һ֣˼ҵսСտʼЩ֣Ͳˣ˱ɱ
½ᣬսӼҺѪȡʹһ࣬쫷ռ籩еģܲǿǶԸ˵ȴ㹻ˡ쫷һͰս˵˽ʳѪɢռ䣬Ѫζ
սеٮٮߣ֮䣬񱩣ÿγ֣ضһڷֺȻߵǰԵһ;սսȻͬսһַ
սս֮˸ҽӽԴԽսԽµսֹһսʵгˣҪͻư𾳲ˡ𾳣·ʥʥŮĶˡΪ𾳣ս𾳶ܡ
㿴սҲͷֲ̫ˣرĿ񱩰Ե㻹ǵһμ
սһ֮Ǹ岻ˣһ˺ëӣǻʰ
쿪ڣë˶һۣսΧ˶ȥԵİս
ëҺҵʵҲ൱ֲȻڹֻеȣǵȻ㲻ʥʥŮȴҲʮֲֿս԰𾳵ʵסһ⣬ͬ¶֣鷳
Դ˵仰ʱ򣬿ˡȴҡҡͷһְܳڣǿûг֣ܸѾ˵С֮ͷǣܳͷ֮µҸоһ˻ǿһҪǳˣûܵסǵǿˡ
˵꣬˿˿һ۵ϧ㻹δﵽǵĲΣҪȻһУԺɨˡ
ʼ磬ҲΣҪ˺Ψ̶ֳȻѡʱ𾳶Ųٵ鷳Ͼ𾳿ʼŷҪ̫̫ͣ࣬鷳ˡҪﵽ𾳣ѣ
ǽʵôɨһۣвҡ
㵱û˵ĻԴ˵սסѾסǵΧˣҳְһѡ
ԴͷӰëҵһǿ߼ȥԴȻܸմﵽ棬ʵҲ쳣ֲʹëǿߴﵽ𾳣ͬǽԴĶ֣Դһƺĵ֮Զ
죡岢޶ԹѵҪ彻񲻳ɣΨĿŲ岻ڷſŭ
һΨ˵ҿдã岢ܷӳã塣Ҫͬ⣬ɵĳƷһݸΣ
㵱ӻ𣿡ΨĶſЦĿͷŵų˶٣Ƕ˼
ߣŲ㣡Ψģҿɲ㡣춢Ψ˵ҪǲӦվǶ
Ψɨ˿һۣǿ߶гɣ֪˲ǿǰ㵱òɣ
۾һĶΨģ֪˵ǿǼǲĸֲ٣һû뵽ôԶȻ˵ĸ֪ﵽ˷˵ĵز
쾡ܲԸΨıǿʵȴףǿĹ֡ҪսԼǶԷĶ֡һ뵽˴ԼĵƣŰġ
ǿǿǱϾûдﵽͷĲΣԼʤҲܰס
ɣȻ˼ʶƣҲûصıҪˡҪǲǿߣεס
ǿŶʮÿһʵ൱ֲͶ𾳡Щ˲ǸһǸһǿߡȻΪɽ嶯˼ĵ̡һǿ߶ǲ
ÿһﵽ߶еıȻĹ壬ǵĵ̶ֲÿһ嶼ٳǿߡǣﵽ𾳵ĴߣҲóġ
Ǵֱʰ˿һȺߣսʮ㡣Ҳû뵽ΪһɽԷ˶
ΨģҪʶȤ뿪ҪȻǶҪ춢Ψ˵
ǿδأʱܣ˶ಢûжôΨĺһʰ㣬Ȼͻȥʰǡ
Цڤ粻飡ҪʲôܵסëӣӣǿߺǿϣɴһʰǡҾǿ˶ûá
ëĻеߺȳ⣬Ƕʱ󷨣ҵӵշѹȥ
۵ҵҵӽܳ۵Ĵ£ҵӻǽڽںˡ
Ψģ͵ӡռϷ磬ΨĹЦ
ǣЦյһ룬ȴһЦ˶ã
˵˲䣬г׭׭һŹȼ֮䣬ϰٷ׭ͬʱķ׭ùıģʱȫȴһķ׭
ϰٵȴһķ׭һƬض׺Ƶģֲ֮׵¡ءһ֮䣬ļµȥ
ɫ䣬屬ˣ뵲ס׵硣
ǣϰٴ׵籩ֵܵģʱٸ˱ɱѪ⣬ѪҺɢһأԭҫĴ˲ֱ
˿ֲһһ㶵Ŀ㣬˷ӦӦĵһ仰ȻǣܼӰ
˶̲סϰٵȴķ׭Ǻε󣬿ǾȻһˣɱٸеķ裬бܼҵ
ͬʧû뵽ҾȻܼҵֵزķ׭ӻķ׭֮ʧÿһ׭ҪķǣȴСһѶˡ
ӵҪ㵽жٷ׭ܼܰҵġԼĵһ飬һٴΧȥ


907 ƴ
ܼӰ˿ô׭ԷáѵλʦģλʦҲ̫˰ɣ
ܼӣһֱۣ˦֮䣬ķ׭ָм׭ǧЩ׭֣˺ȻĶ㣺찡Сôô׭׭İɣ
ҺʱôˣСʲôݣȻ˶׭ǧóȥֵٱﰡ
Ҫ˶׭Ҫɽʲôô׭ֵ𣿡
˺ΨҲ㶵Ŀ߰Χ׭˶һۣ˶Էе𾪡Сδ̫˰ɣ
㣡ԼãԴۣ̲ס
ЦЦûԴĻ˵׭ʲôϡ涫㹻ĲϣȻҪĲϼΪѡҪԴܣҲòôࡣ
˺Ψĵ˲Уֱһӣǧ׭䵽ҵǰÿȡһҪ˶ൽʲôã
˿ǰķ׭һһۣ漴㣬㵭ȻЩҲϽȡһ׭ÿһ׭Ҳдһǿдһʵ˷׭Աһˡ
Է˶࣬Щ׭Ƕڶǿ߰ǻõ¶Է˶
ߣһĶ㣬Ǻˣ
˭㻹ûʸ֪ſ˵㻹չ˺Լɡ˶Ѿ𲻵ˣ㻹ʲôֶοʩչġ
ĻЦëӣӣǻŸʲôԸǿһɱ⼸ˡ
ëλӵͷеǿ߷ԸϿǿߣʮһǿ˾ͺ
˼Щ˳Ц㣡Ҫٸ
ɨһЩˣЩ͵ʵﵽ𾳣ǿѾ˾𾳡ʱʵҪԿ߽״滹Ǻѹġǣⲻ˶Է
ܵ¶ٸסٸĶҡ˵
Ļ£ɨһۣ漴˵ȻǸ߽״Ҷסľˡ
˵꣬ϯ߰˸ﵽ߽״ﶼһ֮ס߰˸߽ߡ
㿴Żʮĸﵽ𾳣ǿﵽ𾳶ǿ߳ɫ˱䡣һŮ˻湻ݵģȻ˴˸һ𾳣𾳵㲻ϣʮĸʹʵҲս
ģȻҲ֪ʱҲãֻܱʮ˹ȥ
ģսסӣȻһսʮߣ˷ܳ̾
սĻпЦá뺰һ䣺簡үսô˰ǻƵġ
ǣеĻûʮ߼һɱУҲͬоܵơȥȶֲ𶯾Ҫ˺顣
ɱС׭ɱ˾ǵģһߴ󺰵õЩ׭Űɱˡ
ԷȻ׭⣬ЦһסһߵĹȷʵкܶ׭Ǿûǰá
˵ʱһֲ𶯾ˣɢܷơҺ⣬Ҫڴ½Ļ֪Ҫˡ
˿ɨȻ˿ֲ֮Ҳס˶Է˵һĹҲ𺳲ѣǰʵȻΪŨ񣬵ڲͨȴ£ʵҲֻǿ𾳶ѡǣʱˡ
ѵ˵ĸβɣ
˾ȣԽĲԽر𾳺𾳣𾳺𾳣߼ֱ֮ر𾳺𾳣н״Ÿ߽״ɱ䣬
ǣȻ𾳵ʵҪﵽ𾳣ȣоϢȫδ𾳡ΪŷתˣûУĵⶼɢ
һ𾳵ʵ𾳡뵽̲סʧ
Сӵδ̫ˣ֮ǰҪǿ֣ѵԽ֮󣬾Խ񾫴ɣ
ͬɻǣĸʲôȻʵ͵ͻΡ
һбʩչʽûһظģצȭƣһб֮䣬һδι
ʽ
ΨĺͿ첢ûж֣ע㣬֮ûһظǱ֮쳣Ȼ̲ס̾õϣ̶̽ʱ䣬ʮ似ʩչÿһ似ʩչľ⣬ʮֲֿ
ʽĪ⣬ɸΧʮĪѹǸץֵĹɣսЩҡʹ˶࣬Ҳκβ㡣
쿴ˣһ˵סһڸ߽˿µһҲţҲ¶⡣
˭춢ΨģԭΪǣסΨģʰ㹻ˡȴû뵽һôǿ׭ֽһա
㣡ĶӣΨҲΣ֪㲻˵ȥԷҲܲ
Ķӣеһ֣ȻܿĲÿһγֶܱͬĹÿһιŵ⣬ʮı任Ҫ츳ﵽ£֮ĵ⡣
ҲܿԷδﵽ𾳣Բ𾳵ʵ𾳵ʵǺĿֲϵ
ҵֳһ춢Ψ˵
ΨĶ仰Ҳϣ죬ҲˡҲ޷κ壬ȥ
ɽҪˡ춢Ψ˵һ귭ˣǿǿ뵲סʮ綼ߵĴڣȴҲ롣
Ȼʮ߾ս㲻£ҲŭѡȻòϣɲԸٺȥˡ
˳֣Կǵһֻϲѹס
һ𾳵ﺰߵӿ۳ɳޣ˹ȥ˻۵ֲⳤ޳鶯֮䣬ʱĿռ䱻ķ顣ļµƵӰ
ٶȲν죬ֻ֮ʣһӰʮüѣ̫ˣֻǲͬĵʩչͷۣٶȶĳԤϡ
ҪٶȣͰѶԷΧΧˣɾǶԷٶǸΧˡ
ҰΧȥΧơҪȻûа취һߴ󺰵ֺȥ
㿴ҰΧȺɫ˱䣬Ǻܿ죬ҧ˶ԷİΧȦ֮Уƴˣ
һֱ㶼ͻңεƿ˲ٰ취ȴһֱáԣûбİ취ֻԼԼˡϣԼͻơ
֪ȻǰΧȦЦӿȥ


908 ˲
û˵İΧУ˲۳һ󣬰С
ҵģʮЦɹʮ˲仯ʮѳˣâֲмֱֱ¡
һն£˶ɴ۾סĿһһâնأֲϯΪ֮Ťݡ⵶âǶ£ûС
˼״̲סŭһڵҲȻ㲻ˬҲñɱ㡣мʵЩ˵ĴΧУȴҲǶ֡
Ҫȥһѣĸ߽ǿλǵİΧԱסˡ
ŭ񱩵ϯһǿߣҪҲǺպһСǣȴ޷֮һ׵ľס
˺һһ𾳵һʣȻѳΣѪҺƮɢգһպǿߣڷ
˰ԵֲΧߺȻŮ˸ոˡҪȻƾһٱʵܰ˵İΧˡ
˱ûٸҴâǣԷôһʮ˻ĴѾȥˡ
͵һʮ۵Ĵܼ£·εס
ľʱȴӰ趯Ӱ趯֮䣬Ȼʮѵĵ֮д壬Էʮþȵһܿ
ÿٶȣо͵Ŀűܿⳤ㣬һò˼顣
ʮҲоȣû뵽ٶȱлҪǿֱ֮֡ŭͲţһֱܵÿ鵶󣬽վҪС
˿ڶԷд壬ԭ׼ʩԮֵĲҲͣҪ㵽жǿ
ʮɵһ⼤âռݣâŰϵĳȥ״һƵ޿ˡ
ǣܶôܼĵâҵ϶ѡ
Ӷã
Щ˼ܿһδεĹǱֲĵââܼһܼĵâУҲŵѪ˺۱鲼
ֻ⵶âŰ֮䣬ٶȴϵļӿ죬һâĹ
濴ŵˣȴһսľᵽɤӿڣüεâҪŶҪǻϾҪ䡣
˿Ķͷð亹ɻǣȫںΣƵġʹлѶԷĵȴǴڵ֮С
СӲõĥɣüСδ̫һЩֻҪ΢һ㣬Ĵ۾
˺Ψһ˶㣬˶˼һâԱ߲Ŷһ˱塣һâٶȾȻٴ
ÿ۾ԲޱȡȻҳһʮֲϲһΨĹͷˣҪһԼܣ츳ΨĲģһ˭ס
СӣҪ
Էʰ㣬Ҳŭ԰ǿʩչâٴܼһռ鲼⣬ϯȥҪж˿顣
˿ֲܼĹס˲Ͼ˼ˡǣԷûаݣֱ趯֮䣬âٴϯ
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Щ˵Ĵ£ĿڣԴȶദҪͬʱŵâȥ
㣡ԴҪĵâΧɫ͵Ĵ䣬˻ߵĴ󺰡ͬʱѵˡǿһĻѪɫ
ܼĹٶȼ죬Ҳ㿪ĵâûбܿһء
һ츳ǿΣһжΪʷ
˵Ŀⶼеϣâת۾ΨĵҪˡâ˵۾УҪҪ
ڴʱһ䵭𣺡Ǵʱ
ΪǴâҲϣò˱۾
ûб۾Ψĺȴ㵺Ӱ
âվϣ㡯ѣ˲ʧ֮УΨĵ˵УȴһâХ
һϢʱ䣬ʹһΣһˣ˶Էĵվ˿ɽһϡ
ͨ
˴͵ĿվڿɽϱХ㣬дŲ֮ɫȻΧѣʩչͨ
ע㣬Ҫϵõһ𰸡ȴɽϵ㣬磬˲ʧԭأһ˲͵һˡ
˲ƣ
һߺȻڣСʩչ˲ƣ찡ֹûнռֱ֮˲ƣ
ȴüͷʹĿղʧ㣬ҡҡͷⲻ˲ƣ
Ŀ⿴죬ɻ󡣴һֵһˣļûʱ䣬ⲻ˲ʲô
ٶȿ쵽£ͬ˲һ㡣֮кۼģҪǴ˵е˲ƣһ˿֡ۼֻ˵ٶȿͬ˲ƣ
һ仰òϸĵĴ֮ȷʵ΢ĺۼȻʹ˵е˲𣡿ǣٶҪ쵽ͬ˲ƵĵزҪٶȣ
˿һֵһ˵ٶȣкȻѣΨҲĿ㣬ٶض߱ġӵٶȣȴǿߣ˭׷
ȴ֪ٶȴ˵𺳣ڲϵңεңֽĸͷڿ֮䣬ܷҡֱϾǧ׵ľȴʱ䡣
ңľ裬ˡ
оԼͬһͷһУȴܳԽٶȣо˺ٶΪһ壬磬Ӱ֮ͬ˲ƶһʮ泩ĸо
ͻˣеĴϲڵٶȣΨĶҪһɡңε
׸ֺܵٶںϵ泩ʱĲҲʮߵǰǹֹЦлλæˡ
ҪƵľأ֪òңεľ衣
ʮɫȴֶѿжѿһĶ㣬ʱںݺݵϳһơһǵ̵̻ġ
Сӻһ׵ˡȷʵֲǿ֮£û˿ٶˡβܰڳҲҪǴݰ
ã˵Ҳһͨ
СӣҪˣֹ˵ҪΨһ˿ѹ
Ȼ֪ڴʲô⣬ɫǺʮˣЦеĿ˵Ҳ˲˺ˡֵҸһЩ˰ɣ
ңͻƣĴʹЩʵȷʵɲ¡
ʮҲŭɱûɱ˶Էǰ˶Էһѣɱϴˢǵĳ衣ԣǵıɱ


909 ޴ɱ
˵ʱĿһǿߣһҪ
һ仰ʮһ㶣漴һЦ·һЦƵģָ¶֮ɫƾ㣬Ҳһɱҡ㵱Լ˭۾ͷʥʥŮ
ʮЦвмȷʵǿĳԤϣʮ˺ɱˣֱ롣һľǿߣҲοԷʵ࿰𾳶ѡǺսʰˡֱûɱ㣬Ϊٶ̫ˡ
Ҫ㲻ٶ̫죬ܿһδιˡ
ԲѣҪʲôһɱңָŵǿǴӣ˵Ҫб£㣡
гһǵھŽɵġܱȲȴʱǿı۵ԵʣΪϣʵܱ֡Ĵﵽ𾳵ʵ
Ľ֮䣬òðź⣬Ľ·˿̶۵Ƶġ
Ľ⣬δﵽ֮ǰѾɣĽ޺۸ɱ͵ȻﵽѾиˣҪĽ޺ɱͼѶˣﵽ漸ǲˡǸԷһЩ鷳ѡ
Ⲣ˵Ľ޺۾ˣɵĽϣܱǿ
Žָǿߣ˵һһ
ߣʮ˸оܵĪƣЦһԱãϣǵҪɱˣҪɱˡûǵΧУǶȻҪ䣬ٶȿ˲ҲҪƴնɱ
˵עУͻȻڿնһ֮䣬ضڶĴ֮ڱƵһĻȣٶȿ쵽£ֻоһ⼸˿塣
ʮ͹ƵٶȣԼ㶯֣ǾͱǵķȥٶǲȴҲ£кۼڣȫպۼɱ㡣
˱ĿֲǴĺۼϣԭΪȫ㡣ǾͲŵǣֻһҽ֮ѪζɢǺȻںۼϣȴûӰ
ҽ˼Ŀ⿴ǿߣԭոջűĵǿǾ֣лȻֹ㡣ǼʹΪ𾳣ûгֵĻᣬĺһɹɵѪҺʳѪҺɺ۵ѪҺĿġǰҲǺպǿߣڴŲʵУգڵϣĿ
˿һѾصԭأӳֵһɱԷٵصԭأⲻһɲɵģٶͬһѸ٣ûĺۼֻǲм˵Ĺ㣬ǺʱѾصԭء
ֳֵѪվһɱʱͻȻȻ˶ݵļžһʧ
ǽ˾ͱĺ˶ǴûмŰԵһ
찡ʲôٶȣһ˲ɱһ𾳡ү˹Ҳ˿ݺͲۼɡ
ֲ̫ˡǼĶӣǷٶȿһ㣬ֲͬ𾳵Ѿʼŷתˣٶٿ죬Ҫû㹻ĽأԷҲ֮ǰܿ
þ޵һô󣬻δͼһ
˶ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ľĺȻͬҵȴ˷һͬȻһ˲ţ̫ˡ

һʧƬ֮һδ𾳵Ȼʮ˵ɵӪУһɱһǿߣ֪αŭˡ
Ǳŭͬʱһ־֣ոûܿ塣
ĻЩǿ㹥£ֵǣȻʵ£һ±֮䣬أֲϯҪɱ
Ȼ޷ƾһ֮סЩ˵ΧӰ磬У˹̤ŵĲʮƮݣ֮һĻȡң緶Դͻ֮оԼͬе㣬յϵ۳´ȥãͬһƵģԿ쵽£ҲƮ
ңͻ֮ĸоЩʵȻǱκβ㣬֮׵ıܿȷʵȲǺҲ޷κԼƾԼٶȣڲ֮ء
һ㣡ָһǿߣﵭȻ
˶ŭСδ̫ˣԼָɱ˭ɱ˭Լ˭
㿴ɴϯ֮ضݣӰӴܳԷĴ
˼㣬ǴżֱģԼ˻۵ĴҪɱǵˣǼֱ롣ϾһѰ˷֧ԮֻҪҶһ˳֣Ͼ֧Ԯûеס˵ɱ˼ֱ룬ոձɱһˣֻû뵽Էٶȿ쵽ֵز
ЦʱһһûʲôΣ򵥺ֱӣٶȴѸޱȣԽХһɵĽһռ·ֻнĵƵģеһж⸲ǡ
ǿһɫ䣬Գֱֱָŵǿߵǰ棬һ
ǣһٶȣ˺Ȼǣһ֮䣬ǹ㣬ʹǱΪֲȴҲס⽣ȥƣһԽ˵ĵֱֱֵ䵽𾳵ǰ档
ǿҪ㣬ϵĽȴ־壬ɵĽתȻֻһ˲䣬һ˲㹻ˡһֱֱĴԴУ
һԣ
ɢźͷ룬ͷѣӺѪӽ䣬ŰɫԽʮִĿġ
˿ű̴ǿߣЦѡҪǴﵽ𾳣ﵽ߽ǿߣܱܿԼٶȺʹɽĴɱǲ߽״棬ܵס
˵ֵһˡչĸ£ǰѧ𣿶ЩƶٳĹ˲©׵ƿ𾳵ǰ档
ǣ˲֪ЩǿһᴩԷԴһȻʧ񡣿޳㣬о˾һɱһ㣡
˭벻ĹֱǵԤϡɱ˾֮ͬһʹڶǿ߷סɱˡ
ΨĺҲ͵Ķ㣬еðź⡣ֲ̫ˣҪһȺ֮ɱһ𾳲ѡǣɱ𺳺;ޣȴġ
ߵɣƾٶȺͽ⣬ң
ÿֲٶȣÿֲĽ⣬ĸ֪
Ψθ̾Ȼܱܿ˾ƾž
һƬĬǺܿ죬˾ͷӦŭɱɱ
Ҳ㹥ȥ



910 ˣ
µоܾ֣ҲΪ⣬ǿҪɱġһϯ֮ȥʱѾҪˡֻҪɱ㣬һжںˣȼľѪ
Щ˷ҲӰܿǵķâԼɱһǶԷҪǱԷסٶȵƱĻ鷳ʹˡ
㲢ԸͶԷ潻棬Ŵɱ֮ÿɱһɱɱԷˡ
ԷȻҲ֪Ĵ㣬Ǿս㲻¡֪ٶȣǸκβˡЩڿʼ׷ɱ㡣
ȷŹСӣȰɱ⣬ɱˡʰҡһߴ˵һ㣬Ͳҽһ֪ʱһᴩؿڣɺѪѪҺաһߣڷ
ʱ㣬ͬɱȣ˦֮䣬ס˲ٴǿߡ
㾡ҲٶȲϵɱЩˣԼҪǲͶԷ潻棬Щ˿϶˷й˱ϾЩԶҪǼɱ˵У˾Ŵѡ
ȻЩʹ֪ԼͶԷ潻棬ٶȵܷӳΪޡǣȴܲӭսȥ
Ըǽ֣Щһɫֲϱȥ㡣
ʮ߱ɱӦûɣЩȻɱ죬ȫƴģѪȼΪɱ㡣
˷ĹҲ̲סɱеǿߡǣ潻ٶܵѹƣЩ˷Ҫּѡ
ֻƾԼٶȺǿסЩǿߣһں˲˵սپЩ˽
˵˵ͷҲΧ߽߱񱩶ֲ
ΨҲԸȥϾɽջ̫˭֪һǿ
죡㲻һֱҪʤ𣿽վ͸ᣬҪʤңҾʹ뿪Ҫʤˣʹ˹
Ц㲻ɣսս
˵ʱгͭÿһŰٽ֮أЩÿһŴ֮ӿȻǴﵽı
Щ֮䣬ɹɵ۽ǣЩΨɨ˹ȥÿһιʮֲֿܺĿռѣ춯ص˷Ψģϯ쫷硣
רⲢΨ˵֮䣬ָ㶯ӿĵһֹȻǴʩչŷĲ
Ψɨֲĵ۶ԷıȥȻֿȭԿԷʮѵĹ
䡭
һ𣬾𣬾涼Ϊ֮𶯣ĿɽҲҡ˼¡شȻǿֲģʹͬɽܺ
һ˵Ŀ⣬ΨĺͿ콻֣סʥӼ𽻷档ΨУ֪˴ܲһسӡ
ʮѵշ裬ΨġΨȴһָһֲֻϵıסһĹ
֮䣬Ȼܻĵ
Ψĵǿ˵Ԥϣ־ܵסı֮
۾͵һ벻ͻˡﵽ۾ò˶õʱˡ
Ψĵ˵ԱƿҲ˲١ǣҪ۾¾ˣ˵ãһͣΡ
ΨĵĻǴһӣ漴ߵ㲻㵣ģܴﵽ۾Ӿһܴﵽգϴˢܵҵĳ衣
˵ֱ꣬˦һҵĹ֮˷ΨĹȥΪԵرһ£ռݡһ֮䣬ΨȴһƺѶԷȫס
˿Ψĳ֮伫Ϊɣ𺳡벻ҵǿޱȡӴʱΨ±ǿ̫ˡΨֻʤһڿЩߵĲĸˡ
죡˱ɣɽ᲻ߵģα˲ءѾд𾳵ǿˡÿһ澳ڼ˵ǲƸսȥֵ𣿡
춢ΨЦߣɱǣһжֵˣ
˵֮䣬ٴμٵǵصΨĹȥ
ȻҲеĿı֮࣬ޱȵĵȴóʱŰٰѵ趯ľ
ޣȻߵƫţʵȴٲܶ嶼Ҫǿںϣӿ˾ޱȡ
ϰٵͬʱʹΨҲҵ֮챾ʵ̫ǿ˵ˣͨľ𾳶Ҳǿ١
ǣͱںϱȴ˲ʥӵĲΡ
ȥϰٱһһ㣬಻ΨĹȥ𵴵ľѣʱҲһɢʥӼս춯أ˶Ϊ֮ĺ
ΨĺͿĴ򶷣˲˵Ĵ򶷱ȥ˵Ŀⶼ˴򶷱ƣԶԶ㡣
ȻܸоĵΨĺͿ챬ƣҲȻѡԼǵĲ࣬ԼȻʱʵҲҪǺǽĻٶȣ²ǵһ֮Сǵǿ
ʥӼԼܿȵġֹһŶԷֱһһء뵽⣬㲻ɿһۣŮ˿Ψģ´ʱδȫˡҪȻ߰˸߽ߣǵס
ˣȫȰѶԷɱ˵˴󺰵
С²Ҫѣ˺һȻĻðǳȴ֮䣬޾һ𾳣˲ԴʮֺѪȡ
ӲŮҲû⹥߶ȥ
׭İܶԷԱеȴȫ£ռϷ磬˱ɱ
˱ɱΧǿŭǵĿľǶԸЩ˵ģǱסȫ𲻵ãԭһʧļƻȻԷķ׭ˡ
뵽⣬һǷıһ޲˲˺㣬ǰ޵˼¡
ռսϣ˶սУɽɱ֮ޱȡ
㱻ԷţҲʱʱļһЩ˽ƻ㾪һȻ˵ǣȴÿζ˵İ£ϧȼվѪܿҪ
ǣˣԷмܵ˲ƣѹ˲١
׼һдɱʱȴͻȻŵĴЦЦ𶯾𵴶£˺ΨĶɫ䡣
壬ë壬嶼ʰ˼һ壬ˡ죬ΣҪҪʰһѣ
Ŵ̶쳹գɫ䡣
𣿡


911 ǧ
Ŵ̶֮ϣһֻֻǣǷצź⣬Щǳ˲֣צӻ֮䣬ץˣԭռƵ˲䱻ˣ岻ϵĺˡ
ǧ̣ΨĶΪ׵һ꣬кǣʮֹ˼ɡ
Ψģǧ̴ЦֱһӣǴ˲˰Χλáצĺ˵¶ɫ
㿴ǴɫҲ˱䣬ߵĽԴʵΪ׵ǧʲô
ǵʥӣʵֲΨս˼ʵ£ǻع֮󣬾Ϊÿζǵ鷳Դ͵ǧ̸ǰĿ⿴ΨģҪѹһ
Ψ൱㵹̲סȣĿ⿴ǧ̣ΨĵʵʶܿǧҲһ
ǧ̣ʲô쿴ǧ̴ǴЦ֮ɫɽҪˣ
ӺαŭǺǣʶԿɽûʲôȤҸȤֻҡΣ˫һôɱΨĺˣҰÿɽǧЦеĿſ죬ָ˵ÿһ˶ʿǰɱˡ
ɨǴǲǿ߲١ҪǣΪײп񱩣ʵҪǿǡҪæǿɱˡ
Ҳˮ˼Ƭ̾ʹӦ˵ҰɱΨĺˣÿɽ
ӹȻǳɾʹµǧ̹ЦĿɨˣ翴һۣĿײСðź⡣
Ψļ־壬һվǰһ˵ƾҪҵ»񣡡
Ψվǰʱ˺սҲӰվΨĵҲ࣬дźⶢſǧëλӡ
ǧɨһ˵ȻһǿΣ־͹̫࣡㣬ס˶𣿡
ӵĻӰһ˵ߣЦ˶õĻ͹ͳˣʲô顣屾ȡΣɱ壬Ҳˡ
һ仰˰Ŀ͵ļеϣǧ̸üͷһͫĿ⣬ޱȣ˭
㣡ǰ˵ļŻƷ͵ƷУҪб£ǰ
㣿ǧɫ˱䣬⣬㵹еȻվ
ˣһɱΪɱΧȺҪǶĵƷ߸ϵǴһµģ
ܺãܺãðһ򾡣ǧ̶һ˵Ⱦָġ
Цһ׼һЩҩҺΣ
ǧƱײеƹĵ֮䣬Ϊ֮Ťһ𶯣Ʊ鲼Ϊŭɫ
˶ʱɫ䣬ոոĹǻܵס˸Ϊֲ壬ʲôȥ
뵽⣬˲ɰĿ⿴㣬ϣٴóѵķ׭һƴ֮
˿ҡҡͷȻ׭Ĵ׭˰ϵޣոѾȫ׭óˡ
Ҳò׭ЩҲ˹ȵס
ǧ̵ѹ£ΨվǰһǰߵĶң
ȱɱȻɱ㣡㲻żǧ̶ΨģҪΨĻɱ㡣
Ψȴס֡
Ψģոǻδ꣬Σ
Ҳ֮ǣǧԳֶ֣Ц֣Ϊǧ̵סΨġǧ̴ֲצץ˹ȥ
˿ǧ㹥ȥһɫ䡣ǧǺεȿı뺷ֲԻأǻδ𾳵ܵסġ
ǧһצץ㣬һѪɫֱֱĿ屻Էᴩ
ֻ˸оǣǧ̹ᴩ岢ûгѪʼɢ
Ӱ찡Ŷǧ̵ٶȣ
ⲻܣǧһֻҪ۾ˣ屾ٶȾˣôܵˣ
ǡ
˴Ŀһ࣬һ㸺ֶǧ˵ȷʵһ֮С㹥ϣкã
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㲻ȴǧ̱ŭצٴɨ˳ȥ磬ֻһ⣬֮ƿ֮֮ٶȻҲԽ˷Х
һ˲ﵽǰᴩ塣Ǻ͸ոһѾʧµĲǲӰѡ
ٴαܿһĶᵽɤӿڣǧһգͫĿи⣬һٴһ㹥ȥ
ֻһ͸ոյĽһûй㣬Ѿվ˿ɽһۿǧ̣ʵ㣬бɡȴҲɱҡ
ǧվкҲû뵽ٶȿ쵽˵زҪǿһٶȣȾڲ֮ءԼκβ
ǧ޷󣬵Ǻε𾳲ӵٶȣ
ߣǧκβ㣬Ҳûٳ֡
ֻ˿ȴ˼飬һ͵Ŀ㣬о˼飬޷һʥӼȻëû
Ψıƿ죬ӰߣĿһۣеǷٶȻҪԤϡĴﵽ˷֮޵еĵز
ΣܲܵסһǿߣΨ㣬ʱг˴γֵǿ̫࣬˲ȫ
Цٶȵǲκˣʵȴվδ𾳣ǿΧҶ鷳ﵽ𾳵һս
ĻΨҲ֪˵ʵԲ𾳵ʵסһȺѾˡֵǿȴЩ̫ˡ
ûǿǰΨ˵ǿߵУǸвĵĹأ۾һСһУûܿǧ̵
ΨĵĻҲüͷ漴һɱɣɽȶȥٶǡʱסҪģ


912 Σ
ΨĻ֮Ҳ˵ͷ¶⣬˵㵲ס죬ҵסǧ̣ս˳ȥȡɽ
ȻʣҲ֪ⲻҲãʱûбȱסҪ
ɱǧ̺ͿŭԸ˹ȥ
˺ΨӰһԱſǧ̹ȥ˹һ˵Ψ޼Ҫ㵽жǿ
˵ϰٵӿȥ񱩶ֲ
һЩͭѣСﲻɣЦһ𵴶ֲӿЩȥЩϵĺˡ
˳ֵʮֵİԵʱû֣ҵϵĳĿ첻Ϻˡ
ǿǿʵվǲһʹϰٵĵ˵ķ£ǲϵıˡ
ģ챻˱ƵĽڽںˣŭһеϰٵջأֱһӣһشУش֣ܶʱŷ򲨶ӿֵϵɢĪƣϯĪѹ
ʥɫ䣬ſеıɫ䡣ʥӵзҪܽһַ֮ʵǵ۾е
춢˺ߵԭ׼Ψĵģȴû뵽ȳӵҪεסҵĹġ
˵䣬趯ʥشŷĲϯ˶ȥӰϼܿһϯ
ܶ˶ãЦ֪ǲһҪûеƣθǵĿɽ
˼һҪź⣬ϵķȻ෴ϸ֫Ť֮䣬Ҳһ㵱ʥС㲻ɣϾʥܱմȾķ֮սʤңЦ
˵֮䣬еһȣȻϷƣӿֲ
˻ӭȥľƷȻȲʥǺཻܱٷ֮ٵ
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𶯣ֲķ飬˺Ϳ˺ӵʥĿ죬û˶սˡ
С˵ʥûʲôֵ԰ģЦ֮䣬ӿſٴιȥԵֲ
ΨĺǧҲսݱޱȣҪơ
սһȴ޷עǵĴ򶷣ǿ˱ԷסҲͻΧ׵ɨ׵׺һ㣬ƵǺˡ
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û׵絲·Ǻ˾ͳҵӱ˲ɱѪҺ䡣
սһ˱˺飬۾Ѫ죬ŭһб趯˵˻ߵĴ󺰵ɱ
սս񣬳ɱһֻֻǡǣսΪ޵ĴߣסԷ˶ഫߵΧ֮ǰķ׭֮Ҳ𽥵·磬˱ɱ
һ˱ɱ۾Ҳͨ죬裬֮䲻ϵĽǵǣԷǿ̫࣬סǶԷĹϲ˺ۡ
սѪսһ·ս·;ѪҺ䣬䡣սһ˲ɱ£Ҳ䡣

һҽУһλ𾳵ǿ䣬գҵĺڼڶԷĹ£ҪͻΧѡ
ɣǲǶ֣ҪǴʱͶһȫʬëӶսдŵ⡣
Ĺƨսŭ𵴶ֱֲ䵲ǰëӶȥԵ񱩡
ڤ粻飡ëӺһȵɱǣһʬ
ëӲмʱռ˾ԵƣεסԼΧӪ׵ɱҵˡ
ʬǻ񣡱ȷʬ壡Цŭһзһɱ˵õ꣬ʱҲ
£
У꼤䣬мȥЩ˲վ䵽գſ˳ȥ
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ǿɫһ䣬ʿҪʬսԽ࣬ܽԽࡣŹʿæǵҪࡣ
ʬȥϵɱˣɱ֮䣬ıһȱڡȱڱ֮㿴ȱڶ˴󺰵ϹͻΧȥս˴мȥ
սͷһƿëӣ˾ƿȱڼȥ
ҲҪߣȱڵסëӴ󼱣Ǻ͸˴󺰵
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ߣս
սϧò׵Ļᣬ˳ΧȦȡս˽С
˲ϵĽսȴϹȥ׵ǵ׷
㣡ս˶ս֮У󺰵
ҡͷߣҶϺ󣡡
˵֮䣬׵ĵסǰ׷ĴߣսȡһϢʱ䡣
ս·㣬һҧŸսռȥ
ëŭ׷ȥ
æʩչһߵʬԱĵסëӣëܻ
쵰һ֣ȰСɱˣ
ΧҲ޷ٰսˣֻĿëλս׷ȥ
µˣȴһŭĿӣĴԼոպ㽻ֹǿߣŭĿӡ
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˵꣬ĴΧ룬ӪֲӴѹ£㶼оëȻ
˺Ψɴս˰ΧУҾʣɽ㣬ȴǿ߰Χ룬ӪΨĶԣʱȴֻΪ˶Ը㡣
ǻ濴ңЩˣг趯Ѫս⣡


913 ˭Ҳܶ
ڶǿΧ㣬Ųٸ߽״ǿߣһư¶ԱС
ҪɱǾͿǵֶˡ˵ʱ䣬Ӱ磬һٶȿ缲磬˲һᴩԷĺһߣС
εΡѪҺ˳źϵĵڵϣᴩĴ¶ֱֱ֣ĶźŲʵĵڵϡ
㵱ǵɱˣ˱ŭԱֱֱֲЩ˱ֲҲ׽棬Ӱܿ
Сٶȿ磬СģԲˡ
ӣΨĶӲˣŷݵ֮ܣҲӲˡ
˵֮䣬һӿ۱鲼ռ䣬ڿռ֮УҪӴܾ
ӲˡҲˣһֲ֮䣬趯µĵۣЩ˹ȥ
Щǿ߼ȻǹǴЦֱʩչĪâʢϯȥ

ʱѾսѪֺ£ÿһʮɵһ֮䣬ضΪ֮ǣشϵĳЩǿ߶ȥٶȣž
ħ״̬ĹòǿҲΪ֮ĺܿĹҴâ
ʲôһ𾳲ôҪǻˣ𣿡һֻǺȳ㹥ȥ
ԣһ֣ɱֻٶȾ˶ѣϲΨ˶ǿ˵Χ¶Ҫͷۣʲô
ЩЩ˷Ӧһȥ
޾壬кĳ趯һĻȣֻЩ˶ȥּ򵥶ÿһγֶʯ쾪ˣȻ
ǣԷϾǿڶ࣬ʵԶԶʹĹƣҲԷһֲϷ㡣

սĿѪޱȣսʱѾˡĲɱһɱ׬˵ġ
ͨʩչŵǬʩչռ֮ʩչ£򶼱ǣȻǿֻɱߣͱǿˡ
ŶѹƱ£ѹ𾳵ǿߡҲ߽״ֻơ
ڶǿߺ㣬ͬһֱƵģ˺ҧɱһҲ˴˺ۡ
䡭䡭
һϵı£ֲ֮䣬ѪˡսΪңгѪֳֳħһĹһǿߡ

໽УޱȣƿһǿߵĹһֱһ𾳵ǿߡ
ңʹ£ⱬ£ɵĽԷԷӵĻᶼûУͱһԴѪҺͰɫѪͬʱŷѪޱȡ
ƴɱԷǿҲ޷㣬һĺ󱲣Ѫɳȥڵϡ
һ˲䣬һǿߵشҲݺݵڵشҪϣӰһܿشĹشڿɽϣ˲ѼӲĿɽҺһӣʯ䡣
ȿȿȡ
ԣڵѪ֮ѪҺӿʮǿ֣߳޷סսʱȻɱǿߣȴҲһơ
һսǲҵģĵûбͨǸִУʩչ
Щǿ߶ſǿ֮ĩ㣬ҲżֺȻֲ̫ˣһ֮ôãһɱǿߡ
ӣոյĴս̲סһСӸͲƴˣҲҪɱ֮еǿߡžѹʵڶԷ˷Ĺ£Ҳ˼ɣϾ˭ҲԸʤʱС
СӾûдﵽ𾳣ǷħǸ߽״߶ηҺ潻棡
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һ䣬ס˵壬ٴγЩǿ֮Уһڵĳ趯۳ֺϾŵǬҲȻ
һ֣СѾǿ֮ĩˣסǼ
һͷǺ˴󺰵צӱץ˹ȥ˼֣ҲԱݺݵĹ˹ȥ
໽Уг˼ŵҩ˼ҩ֮⣬ɨ˳ȥǿ֮ĩҲնצӡ
˵˲䣬磬һԷצ֮ϣǵһֻȣĿͷҪɱ͵ĲҽС
նצһͷȴצ͵ץ˹ϽܿȴΪնԷצԭɥʧ˶ܵʱıԷצץںϣ˲ĺۼⶼзĿģо󱳻ʹ
СѾˣɱΪֵǱ𡣡
һ仰£ǿٴ㹥ǹʱһս£Ϊ㵲סһǰɫҰףҵʵΣһս𣿡
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սվҡΣǱսȻֲ̲ס̾ӣһ
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һġս֣һǿЦĶս
ҪҲҪǼᡣսЦĶһȺˡ˳֮󣬾ǿߴǻ壬ԼǹƥΪ˺㲢ս
ս֪׶༪٣Ҳһ˶Ϻ
㣡ҪǻսɱʹΣս󺰵
ȡҩģſҧȥͬʱȡһѵĵҩʳָһЩսߣұߣǾɱʹ졣
˵꣬ٴμӿ֮䣬һֲֲ𵴾ŷֱɨһǿ߶ȥ
ģСôʵвǿдȴսôǿߣʰǲɣ
ЩҲ˹
սٴβҵıѪϣսʱѾ֪ж˺ˡҪǿ´ʱѾվˡǣʱҩΪˣϵȥ
ȥ
Щ˼ٶдżսʱȥ֮ͨ⣬Ϊٶ̫ˡûٶȺͨƣ׾پɱ㡣
ͬʱ֣ǵצ͵ץ˹ȥѾߵ޷㣬ֻܿצץ˹
սһĻɫ䣬۾Ѫ죬˻𺰵㣡
սûʲô̫飬ǴϺһͰˣ㵲סеֵܡ
ǣ˿ЩצȥҪȴǿס㲻㣬һ˲ҪԷ˺ѡ
ս˻УЩצڿ㲻ʮֵĵطȴȻֹͣǿߣȴɫ䡣͵Ĳҽ
˭Ҳܶһ使ȴ𾪡



914 
һĻ˴ͣǰצӣ֪ʱȫնϣѪҺ䵽һ˱ǶѪҺҲһĻŪĴ㵣ԭЩצҪϣ׼ƴѪ֮ġϾѪ֮Ȼأܱȵá
û뵽ǣδã˰ʰ⼸ˡҶԷʵֲһնǵצӣлһ𾳡
ͣ˹㣬ֻʣ¼ֻǵĲҽĿ⿴գջƮһŮӣŮǰ͹̣ظϸ̵֫ͦęɿŵߣԶԷ欺նԸУܶԷݱ˿ڵǴӶԷ鶯Ӻ߶ܸоԷĿաһĿˡ
Ů£ֱһӣʱΧսǿߣԵɼһ㡣Χսǿ߿м߽״棬ĴֻǱһɨɨߡ֪ǿ
սӰߣס㣬¶ɫĿɢŮӣ˵ǸŮӣʯŮˣ
սĻ΢΢üͷĶŮˡ
ŮɨһۣǺܿʹתƿ֮һǣ
ǺͿǿɫ䣬û뵽ıʣŮˣҲðź⡣ŮˣһЩҲŹʵֲʥʥŮֻɽ˲ٵĿɽڱĿɽŮƬС
ҪɽȥȡǣαزҵȵĽսһǿվŮ˵ԸʱصŮΪСŮֲ̫ĻӱҵʥŮסڲԸ
Ůɨһۣ³һ֣
һһǿɫ䣬һǿ̲סվŮ˺ȵδ̫Եˣ黹ܹʵġҪǲ壬ʶȤ뿪
ɱľˣŮ˵꣬͵һץ𾳵ı˹һԴϣԴѿڷ
òǿŭĿӣͬ¶壬Ů˵ʵֲ̫ˡԳԽһľ𾳶壬ΨǸεǿߡ
ǴðŮˣдȴûһ˸׳ڣǿߣҲҧݲҳŮȻûкøУҲ˼塣
䡭
֮У˺Ψǧ̲Ͻս˭Ҳκβ˭ʹһռһЩϷ磬Ҫɱ˶Էȴѡ
ıʣҲˣĬһ㱬ӰԻһ֮ӶսҲüվŮӡ
쿴Ůˣɫ˱䣬Ů˲İΪڶԷг˿ֻû뵽ǣԷľ֡
첻ԸϵֵʤóȥŮ˵ºαزǵĶԹ֪ҪʯҪǲҵԺɽĿʯһ֣ҪĿʯҲһݣΣ
һ仰սɫ˱䣬Ů̫ˡҲʯŮջ󼫴˵Ů˾ͻӦԷҪ
ȻŮĿ⿴죬˵ĶŮ˴ʱã˭£ŮˣһռԵϷ硣
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ҪǣŮǹŮʣûеġϣŮһ
뵽һһŵ˾̲סеһ䣬δ̫˰ɣô೬ԽŮӣһԼ㹻ˣܵ˴
˵עУŮͻȻָǧ̶ſ˵ɱԼצҾͲ롣
ǧŮô˵ŭһһֱŮ˶ȥ
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һΨ𺳣˭ĳһ
ǧҲɴ۾ŮˣŮ̫ǿˡΨʤһﲻ֣ϾġǣŮ˾ȻҲʤһ˭ģ
ҪǣŮ˶мĵ⡣ǧ̲ʶŮˣֻ˵һ⣬Ů˼Ǻ޵Ĳ塣
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㵱ŮͻȻ㡣
һ仰˹ŹֵĿ㣬ѵŮн鲻ɣ
ս̲ס˵ʶ
ȻԷݣǶݾϳ˿ʼϲǳ𣡡
һ仰Ů˵ͷ漴ŵµǿ˵ȻˣǾɱǡ
һ仰ÿǧͬʱŭ㵱Լ˭ǿҲܺɱġ
ŮǣΨ˵㵲סˣɱ
ΨĶȻܾЦС㣬˾ԸŲ㡣
˵꣬Ψĺ˵ǰֺٴκͿһսһ
ǧȻŭȴûа취˳סǡǸ޷ֶԸŮˣסԼ˵һġ
Ϳڶǿ߼ŮĿɨĿ⾪ͬʱҲһŭʵǿɱһȺˣΪԼ𣿡
Щǿ߲Ըǿｻ֣ҲµĲҳ֡ԷȻǿһ𱩶Ҳʮǿûһս֮
Ů˵ûƵģӰЩм䣬Ǵżӣɱǣѣ
һ仰˼ŭһӿ۳ɴʶ𣬿ֲ
սŮ˺ͶԷսһɫŹֵĿ˵Ů˺ʲôϵȻΪͷϧڶ壿
ЦͶԷĹϵȻúսֻ͡û뵽ǣԼԼԤϣ



915 Ů
С㣡㣡սʮǿ߰Ů˰ΧģϽǰŮǿЩ£ҲЩ鷳
ǣսδϹȥŮ˾Ѿ֣гһɫȫűʯıһʱӿһɨǿնأѪҺƮɢѪζռ䡣
ʥ˵ɴ۾ĶŮеǺȻ֮ɫɫ塣
ڶǿԭĺͶԷƴһǿŶԷóʥȴսˡŮֳʥͿ첻ֳֵͬʥĺϣȫǺķںϵʥ£ܰʥķǣԷз򲨶ʥķ໥ӣǶ֣
սҲ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ԷȻһཻʥսЩ֮ǰһҲʤŮˣʥ֮󣬾͸޿ˡ
Ů˳ЩƵӵǿ֮Уʥ趯һ򲨶֮䣬һֻֻǱʬ
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Էɱ¾Щǿо֣һ缤ȥһĻսȻǰסмոҫɱˣʱҲֵ巢˰ɡ
Ů˼ԷҲΪ⣬еĳɻ裬һ򲨶̴ܴǿߣԷꡣ
һһʵֲĺǲǿ߸Ǻһս֮ģǸӰԶӴܡ
Ů׷ȥ趯䣬˷ȥЩ˶ȥ
ЩҪǺƴһĻܸŮһЩѹǺսĵǾͬһɢɳһ֮ڣ֮ɱһȺȺˡ
Ů˵ɱ£ǿһڷ㿴ɶ֮ǣɿЦҡҡͷ
սɱˣŮһһͬȺһǿ̲סզ಻ѣðź⡣ŮǿЩˡ
̶ʱ䣬ؾѪҺʬأ֮ǰΧǿߣڷ
Ů˲ɱЩ֮ΨĺҲͣ˹ǧˣ˿еǿȫ䣬۾Ѫ죬ĶǰŮˡ
ǧ̶Ůˡ
ҪеɱңŮһЦĵĿǧ̡
㡭ǧ̶ŮˣһΨĺˡ֪ҪսԼҪԴҪǣŮлཻʥ
ʥҲУǴʱδʥཻԷӵʥǾѹһ
дǿ߶Уǧ̶̲סΪ֮ۡһ壬Ǿÿһ߶ǲƸﵽ߽״ϡޱȣԼһȺǿߣȻһû¡
ǧ̶޷Լȥᱻг
ҪǲŮ˶ǧ̵˵
ǧΪӣʱ˺ȳɫǺ죬ĶŮˣеɱ˿ûѹƵ¶ؿڲ֮ƽϢһ飬Ǻߣ
ǧʮֹϣ˵߾ߣ˼գǧ̶뿪ȻȥҪȻΧһ׶༪١
ǧ뿪ΨĺҲûﵽȲΣҪܶԷҪɱԷʵ֡ʹǴʱѾռ˾ԵƣҲʵ֡
뿪˵ĿתƵŮϣȴһŮ߹ȥ˵ɴ۾ǣ߹ȥ֮ȻȥץŮϸ֡
һĻսΨ˵ɴ۾Сӷ˰ɣɫˣҲȥץ
˿Ůлֳɢű亮̲סһ£Сˡ
ΨҪֹȴʹվûĿץŮ˵ϡΨĺս̵ı۾ˣСӵֻܱס
˾ȵǣץֻ˾ֲûŮ˱Ůֻ΢΢һ£üͷҪ˦Ŀȴ󱲵˺ۣվûоܾ
Ů˵˳Ψĵ˵ɴ۾ͬŮһŮ˱£ֲʵĸоʹĲ˲۾ȷǼġ
ǰɣʥ
ս㶵Ķ㣬ò˼顣Ůӣֻǿһ۾;ԲСӾȻȥ£ҶԷȻ뵽ոŮ˵ľӢˣս͸Ѫȡ
С̫ţˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôӵһ۾ͿŮ˭ץŮϸƣЦ˵ټң㲻㣡Եⶫ˵ţʹ㵽Σ֮վҪپ۵ģⲻΥ㻹Ҫܿ𣿡
ֱֱĶŮ˵ӣĿҪŮ˵ȥȻŮݱסһ۾ϳ
ȵĿⶢţҲЩұܿ
Ҫٱˣ룬ǳģܲܰɣЩ޳ˣϸ֫ȥ
͵ıҪ˦ƿ㡣ɵָոƵϣͲҽۣۣ
һ仰Ͻͣ˳־Ͱס
ˣ
ΨľԼҪ۾ڵʲôŮţԣϹԼ۾ɡ
Ҳҧ촽һצӸնŮͬŮҲĵСµģһ뵽лһŵ˾ȻСǧ˿ƵĹϵоԼҪˣСӺεºܣȻӵǼˣ
ſ㺰Ų
ɫȮô꣬ﲻ֪ʲôʱýʲôʱˡʱĻȻţһڵ̫أվ⣬㲻𣿡
ĻֱֱĶ㣬峺Ҫ㿴Ƶġ㱻ԷӶţҲëŮ˲ῴԼİϷɡ
ŬĲ񣬹򶨵Ŀ֮Ů֣ס㡣
ˣһŮ˶ԼиġֻǽܲκԼֹϵɡңһλ¡
һΣ
˿㣬վûоܾʱҲӡԭԼΪ˱ܿ⣬ȴû뵽ⶼѵ˵
ԼоЩ֣ջ˼һۣȴ޹˿µľ̲ס˺Ρ
쵰һվûоܾ飬һ˵ͷ
ϲֻҪԼߣͲٺԼʧ١һأͲʲô⡣ôùȥˣҲ˰ɡŮ˵ʲô⡣ҪǣԼʱҲѾǵСƨˣԼҲôˡ
ΨļŮ˻ؼ壬˴ĴָǿȻºʧҵλŵҲһǿˡ
ȡһЩҩ࣬˵ҩдáȥã
ȻͿĨǱϾˣŲеɬ



916 
һսʤȻǲ˲ǰȥפؿɽвΪأһͷ˳ˣҪǰǾ͵һʧܡһ岻ٴγ֣Ҳ˵ɽٴλصУҲõĿ֣
һսĽӹ˶쳣𾴡ϺʼǾͰ㵱еӢۣʱҪǶκ
Ȼ㲢֪ת䣬˵ҳİ£ʼˡŻѪİ˵ٶȵǼ죬̶һܲҪǣҩЧʮֺãͿĨϣһ˺۶û£ļӤһ㣬ʮֹ𪡣
ĵҲЩɧòȻ˵һ㣬ޱŮϾ˵ʵ˾ηͬŮ
Ů̹ϵǳ֫ϢҲս˿дҷ˾ξˡһզ಻ѣ̫֮뺷ˣŮȻҲرһ뵽ŵѪȲ
̫뺷ˣǰΪ˾ûʲôŮܳԽˡȻһÿһҪʤһȻĽѡŮ̫ˡ
ȻҲĸĸҲһۣʱ˼ĸ¶ЦݡȻҲĸŵǰ㻨ģҪݺݵʰһ㡣
Ǻܿ˿ĸʱ򣬺ݺݵ㼸£˴Ĵָ
зУҲȫˣҪҳ֮һһ£ȴָҲӰ

Ⱥɽһɽۣ֮ﻨ㣬뵲ƣۼɽһʯϣиһ˱棬ʯѹ̵ͦβ͹Իȣǰϴŵ˿ʱҲȡСӵйŮˣǴʱ㻹̲סȻĶŮջġֳʣȴǱ˱Ȳϵģöġ
ӰߣһֺȻ֫ȥ
ǣûоܾԴļϣͬСŮĻУĸоԵļĵȶȡ
û뵽һصȺɽ֮Ͽƾ档˵ޱϲҲ֪Ů˵ʲô
ЦҪԸ⣬Ҵʥأķ羰ΪɾŮ
Ļɨһۣ漴˵ǲǿ԰ƿҪŮ
ôһ˵ȻһЦϽͣ׼˳֫ƶơ
ǸС־͵ȥˣ˵һۣδϵġȻԸƢҲ˽⣬Ҳ˷ѿ˵
ٴγĬ˵㿴ЦôͻȻܵˣѹڴ½òϢ
Ȼҹ΢΢漴ĿƵĿ㣬ſҪ˵ʲôȴʲô˵
㶢ݣ촽Ըˣ³һڽߵϣܰƲס̲ססݺݵ촽˹ȥ

ŵҪǺܿͱҵϢ׵ĸɣֻŰ
ȻҲѹУȵϢ£ҲЩǿƣȶ
Щ̰ıסЩʹյѹҪƿ㣬ǸоȵУվûж֡Ϊ㲻սֱۣоȻһĪϲ
ĺԼɡ
ãҪǲôյô޲ð뵽СŮΪԣжôһ˲䡣ܵеļңͻȻĶܿЦͷҪص㣬¼
˵ˣ޷ܿ
ֱ㣬ҵĺ촽һӿֵϢ˶Щԡ

ҪǰʱڼһǲӦɫ糺ͬƣɢķ
Ҫɽۣ
㾡ЩңʱҲָһЩǣ˵ǰʺ¡ֻŮˣ֪Ů˵ϲڱŮˣ޲ð뵽С
Ҫ뿪ңıͳԡ
ˣֽı㣬ԴĻУеһֱܾõҪдҩˣʱʮꡣ㿴ƲͬһСվС
ĻЦЦ˵ϣʮ껹ǰʮ˶һо뷨Ů޹ءҲֻһǺɫĶû㵱ҲٰĴ⣿ѵҲΪԼĴ𣿡
ͻȻЦ˵Ȼ֪ҵǱģҶˡ⻵ǰҲмֱǶԼķ
ЦȻҺܻǻףĳ׵ˣ˻֮󣬻˾ܺáϲŮޣ֮ɷϲޣ޵Ůܸ˵ġһŮ˾ںǳͬĸ˻ϲ𣿡
ĻͻȻһЦſĻЦʮ־֣㿴ʧޱȡ
֪óǿͨɡ˵ԺҲǡ
ô˵һ漴˵ȻˣȥΣ
򣿡ɻ󣬡㲻Ϊȥ򣿲ң
ҡҡͷˣҲʺңЦЦ˵һϲ½
˵ͷԭΪ˱ܿ㣬ȻʱûֱҪˡȻνȥ
ʵδﵽ𾳣һʥأ۴ŷͻȻ˵㾳ȫͻƵ𾳣ֻǴ۲ɢ
˵ͷҲ֪һطֻ̫࣬һҲܳɹδȥֻɻǣΪʲôҲ֪
ƺ֪ʣɫЩ糺죺ȥ岻ϵĿʯΪҵǰʥǰʥԭǾƷʥֻ飬±µȡԣٿʯָȻעһʥأܽȥٴؾʥϿʯа˳ɳɹʡ
ʱЦЦ˵㵱Ҫ͵͵ڰɣ
ɬĵͷʱҲ֪ҵĿֲҸж
仰ҺûҪȻȥ޻ˣȻֻǴһʱ䣬֪ҲԻֲʤҪҴʥ⣬֪ôġ
ҲգҴһȥʥؼʶһ˵ܲܽȥҲ˵ʥأһ㲻׼˽ȥ
룬ʱ治ŽȥԼʹȥԼݣЩܲɱԼɡ


917 ɱ
Ȼſ飬Ȼ㡣ֻⲻͷſɬıܿ㡣ʱҲ̫ƽŮȻʱѾʼ˭֪ԼһᷴŮ˵Զûв͸
ԼͻȻ֮˲٣ÿۿ⣬ɽˮƾ棬ÿɽˮòڡڱ˿ɡ˭˿ŷ绨ѩ£
ȻȥЩԹ⣬㻹Ǻġ
ӹһܺڰķǰҵʥء޷ȵؼУֻԼǰˡܴ˽нء
Ҳʥһ㲻˽ȥǰʥأüͷ˵ԴҽȥҪǲܾˣԼ취ָܻʥ
ҡҡͷʥָཻкôԼ취Ļǲҵ취ʱнݾΪʲôߣ
ұϾ֮ˣ˵ҡ
δ˵꣬ͱϵΪβҵˣȻûҵѪȴҵˣ
ţɻ󣬵ǺܿͷӦɫ糺һƬ̵һΣȴûзĻзΪĻЩ⡣
߰ɣҴ㣬ǲɱ֣ϸСǰ
˵ȻܾʥشĴ֮һֻ֪н˵ĵͳȴûֻ֪˴ˣоѾƷʥ˵ĵͳ
ĵͳͬʱ֯һǲ˼ģﵽǸεǶģһķַѽһֱġһˣҪ˵ķͬʱ֯һ𣬱ɡǣзҲ档Ҫǿߵķںһ𣬾ܴƲܳԽͳ˵ļ
ʱͻƵ۾ѾƷҲΪʲôʯԵ֮һ
ǰƵһʤأ׼еʱ˲ӿּҵӣɫү
Щ˵˵ͷҲǣǰ̤ȥ
үһλ˵ס㣬йأĵӣʥء
˭Һĵӣ𣿡ûпŵǰҵ˵ÿ
ƣˣ漴͵ĵڴأҵΪѡ
ָԼ˵˵ҲҺĵˣѵ֮ӻ㣿˭㣿Ψģ
ң˸ϽͷǻݵġϾڿɽһս˵Ķ˭ŻصûãΪ˲ԼϺҪ˵ҵӵĻ˵ĭܰǸ
ȻңǾ͸ÿ㿴ŵǰ˵ҪʥͻƵ𾳣ѵҵԴҽ𣿡
үȻܽȥֻλС㡭ҲܲԸ⵲סŮÿ˿ĳǣҵĹȴǲòס
ˣķˣ𣿡ĻЩࡣ
˶һۣȻΪ仰ÿүΪѣ
Ҳ÷ϻֱӴ̤ȥҲ֪Щ˶ǰذ£ҲǼƽϡֻǵǰ棬ƳһǸѡ
ү
ӿƿнȥ˸Ͻʥز˽롣үҪʥϣȥҲᱻŸϳġ
ţʥ֮Уʥ㵹ûиое棬ֻԪŨѡ
ҪȥĵطӦģ߰ɣЦǻһЩ鷳Щ̵ϼһҲ֪ѹظһġ
еĳҡҡͷεЦЦɫ̡
㾡֪Լ˽ʥػǵϲϲҲ⡣ЩԼϳȥѵɱԼɣҪ˵׻̣Ҳ϶Լ
ڵʱ򣬼ˣڣ
⼸䱩֮䣬һֲ𵴶һɱ⣬ȥ
ԭΪԼԱסİȫˣȴû뵽ԷȻĸɱ֣ҶԷȻϼкȻ
ģŭһòܿվ֮ȵȻ̺ɱ⡣
㺧ȻվԭأǸоȫ


918 ͷ
Ũҿֲɱ£㣬վһԡ
ܣʱϣֱֳΧģѹ£ҪѹƵġ
㣡λϣϹ񣬵ȴҷɾ衣
϶˵ͷ峤֮ӵķϣ뿪ʥأֻӲڡ
ԷĻ΢΢üͷҪΪҷˣҲ֮ˡǰҲ㻵˹أλϷǽȥ
ʹ֮ˣѪ߲ڣ˵ʱδӳΪˣΪѪҲܽ롣̵˵˵ȥɣҪȻǳ֣
Щ̵ҪҲЩͷˣҾηλгԶλŹмӡλҲ浱ǣҪִ˵Ļֻܴˡ
ЩϹЦ˵֮һսеӹģʮǿΧѪսٻغϡҪǲһ
Էô˵̲סһĭд˼ϼһǶԷģҲ˲ôˣ𵴶Ϸȥ
׷ҵӿͻҲ壬Ҫֹ㣬ȴһѾһˡ
̫뺷ˣһӿаϣ̲ס˷ΪˣǱͳܲЩܹصϡֻûжϳֵϵ£Ϊǵİס
û뵽ǣջصҵ㣬ȻֱӽаϡΨĺ˶û顣
ѾĽˣ
һϣкĿҲƵĿ㣬Źǿȴδ֣սʮǿߵҲֻսһ
ЩҲû뵽˵־Ͷ֣ӦЩһشǾͱŭΪȻûжȨơҲû˸ǣʹǿͬΨǻʮֿ
ǣջ֮ȻֱӶǳˣδй顣
ͺúýѵ㣡϶㣬ӿֳɱȥ
ҪҶҾƴʦ֣ҲԺЩɱӵܣ̲סЩ˵֪Լֵٹ֣Ϊӵܵǲġǣ˵ˡ
ԼݺݵĳˣԭΪ⵽ЩҲԲɱġ뵽Լס
㵲סһűܿϵӰߣ˵Ƕ㣬ȥǡ

СƢһЦãȻöЩϳ֡ҪϸǻҵĵϣŭԺԲȫˡ
ĻͬΣֻ˵Ů˼޷Ҹ첲աδ˵Ҳ첲յôסգҪ㣬Ҳľɡ
סЩϼԺʵҲҪﵽ𾳡֮Уʵﵽ𾳵㽻սʮֳ
ԸЩˣҲԸһٶȴɱϾϣȻһЩɱĲɣ
㣡ҪǻȥǲƽϣҪǻ˵ŮҪң㣬Ҳٲüҷ̺򣡡һ϶㺰
ɱԣ㱻Է仰ŭˣԼŮ˶סŸʲô
ŵǬʩչŤӵĿռģһƺ̩ɽһ㣬ѹֱǿ߶ȥ
ǿ֪ͨ㱩һҲӿӭȥ
ǣվСһιһ𶯶£㵹֮ԶӿһѪҺ
ǿЩϼһĻһоĿƵĿ㡣㻹δ𾳣ܱ𾳵ʵֲ֪ˡֱ˼Ͼ𾳶ΣлСĿ
Ҳ˷ϲϾгһǿĺ󱲣ҲдáϲϲƻйأһҪܵͷ
󣡡ŭһӰãΧģһӿ֣󷨣󷨽ϯȥֲ֮䣬Ϊ֮𵴡ǵ£
㿴ű任һˣҲüͷ͵Χʮ˲ͬǱϾһģ۵ĴҲޡǣͬһ壬ǵ󷨲֪˶ٱ飬Ȼ㱻ΧҪǽٶȾˣ¾ҪԷʰˡ
ǣ㲻ɱˣʹٶȼ죬ҲƲ
һ֣Ǵ󣡡֪ǿҲ֪Щϲʲһ֮ڡվ
ɡվóֶԸˣü
ùܣҳеģҪɱ㣬ȴʬȥ˵
仰жһͿҲûбϯһƺݺݵЩ˻۵Ĵ˹ȥ
εʵԾ춯أЩ˶˺Ƕ˵ȴһһ֮£۵ĴֱǱĵɳȥӿɹѪҺ
ֶò˵ɴ۾ܴս֪صŮʵΨġûۼлǳֻ̬ȵġ
ǣ˿̼֣ǲŰѻɢһɶЩʵǿ̵ɵĴȻסһǿ֪ǿˡ
ô󵨣Щϼҳ֣ŭ𣬡㣡һҪҷ̺㣡
㵱ûǵĻǰ˵Ҫҷ̺ңȥɡ
ֱӴǰʥЩŭˣ˵㵱ԺֻʵΨļǶҪͿģ㻹ΪԼܷ첻ɣ
˵ʱдһӡᣬӡûգӡᱬը׾졣һ𵴶Ų˶Ĥʹ
㿴ӡᣬɫҲ˱䡣ڱбչôãҲ伮֪ǿߵӡסЩʵѾ൱ˣǿߣ²Ǵ涥Ǿͷ
˭㼫ѹ
ϼһд̵ĿԣΪ⹷ƨأͷͷĻӲҲа
Ȼʱһɿֲӿ֣ѹ¡ӿ֣ӿ֣㸲Ƕȥ
ɫ䣬˷򲨶ȻǴﵽͷǸ޷֮ƥСֳʥھͷ֮¿޵дڣԾͷ޷ƥС
ģЩ̫СˣͷΣͷ֣ѵǾֻܰҪǣͷ᲻̣


919 ĸı뺷
ѹȶ£оܵĿռ䶼ᣬҪ뿪ȴ޷ƶܵ뢣ƬضƿУʹͨԿռ֮ó뻯ʱҲ˿ܲ
ǷطУһжҪѭתһжҪܵĿơɾͷ򣬾죬ҲһҪܵơ
۾ֻһľ룬Ǵ˿ȴͬѹƣ޷ѷѹƣӿ˳죬ʮֽ
һ߻Ĵ߳ǰɨһ۱شϣɨһ˵һѡ˵ķϣȥԺܼҷɡ
㾡ܴʱѹƣɱ۾ҲΪԷǵ۾ŵƨȻΪһ仰ʹǰԺܼҷ
Ҫǲأɱң㶢˵
ҡҡͷȥԺɣȻһЩҷ˲ΣաҪٴʥصģϷֻֻܳɱλСˡ
仰ɫ͵Ĵ䡣Ҳû뵽еľͷҲộʥҪʥػָҪǴᣬҪķѶұİ취
ҪִҪȥأ㶢ŶԷ˵òҪԴȴ棬ҲЩջˡԼң
Ϊѡ֮һȻԽȥǣˡڣĹءҲѭ߶˵ȥɣ㣬ǱķϣԺļҷϷҲˡ
ҪȥǲҪɱң㶢ŶԷ˵˵ɱɱҵĻҪɱȻҪɱң
ҲЩͷˣ˵ôҪ֪Ѷˣ벻Сȴôʶࡣƽ
Ҫǻ˳ȥʩչֶΣ߶˵
ҪҶһëҿɲҵѪҺȻʦǰԺˡʱⲻФǱġҲˣЩ̽ûá
һͷȻвŭѣ˵ʦȻǿȴҰգͰȥ˭Ҹͷ
˵꣬Էӿ֣׼ʰ㣬һЩѵǶȥǣ׼ֵʱһȴ챩ֲķϢϯ߶ȥ˲߱Ƶĺ֮Զ
ҶҵĶӺϱԣͷŤҹ
ŭĺ𵴣𶯵նɫȴ䣬ԭ񱩵˳
ϤҲ㶣Ҳû뵽ȼݵľȻĸסУĸ׾ʵҲڴﵽ۾ĲΡڿĸʵԶԶĹơ
ˣҵͷֵŮˣɫЩ˲֪Ů˵ǿѵ֪𣿶гԹ
˿ǾηľͷȻĸ¶ηɫһر뵽ոĸ˶ԷһǲšһֱΪĸֻһŮӣûжʵǣʱȴǵ
ϣҪҶӶϱĸʱͬһͷ̵ĸϻĶҵľͷ
ƺΪϵľͷ̲סЦˣҲǰչ£Ϊң
Ϊ㣿ЦΪҶӶϱΪʲôﲻΪ㡣վˡ㵹ǶĶӶϱԣ㿴ҸҲɱˣĸϺ
㿴ŴͻͻȻɱ뺷һһðĸҲ㶣ɴ۾Ŀĸò˼顣ôҲû뵽Լĸ׻뺷һ档
Ҳ㶵ĿǰͬŮ˵ĸͬΪһһϱࡣ
ˡҡ
ϵĻû˵꣬ͱĸϵŭھȥԺҪţͿԡôŮҲˣ֡

˶ɴ۾ĿĸʹĲ˲۾ȷĸ֮ǸоԴѣˣƺ׻С̫費˼ˣһͻмӵĸȻıԡ
ϼԲ۾һԲɾ׼ֵĸΡ˲֪Ů˵ǿ֪𣿵λŮ˿ĸһһУܽסġľǣһԲϾժ˵Դڿͻޱȡǵȷʵ˼µĸϻڵ˻й޲
⻹ֻһҪǵ껹Ϊļû׷׷ı뺷ŵˣЩϲȴҲҴӦΪӦǾͿˡκο߰ڵŮӣָߡ󣬼ϵ߲Ů˶ûУüЦáҲֻܴ
ȻֻһЩ˵ѡд˵׼ԴԼĵǱġϢǲĲ֪֪Ůûʲôġ
뺷ǣȻɱԼÿһȷʵٲ˵ģܲ˵
Ů˿ɲʲô򵥻ɫҲʥŮʱʵ֪ﵽʲôΣ˵Ժ
Ҫ￴㣬ҪȻԲ˶ߡĸŶԷŭ
ˣزƣǼǰҲư϶վһߵġ϶ĸ˵
ƨأҪأͰǸյ᫽г˵˵ҶҪŹƨ𣿡ĸŭ
Ͼ벻ĸڶҿֱ
ôҽϼһ԰ɣҽо·ӵʱˡĸߵߣһץһˣʥȥ
ͱĸ׵ǿƸˣ̲סĸһĴָѾ̫ǿˣΪ԰ҸϺǿˡ
ƨ˹ȥĸЦ棬ȴЦ˵˵ʲô㸸ôϺˣС㣡
ٺ٣ڣ𣿡ȻһЦƨ˹ȥ
ĸЦݸʢҲǣﻤ㣬û˸Ҷ㣡ߣﲻܱ㣬һֻܱ֤Ҫ㲻ڵͱƣҲΪš
ĸĻ͵ı仰Լ¸ƨ
ҡڵĽʥأϸϽ˵ˣʥز˽ȥ
ʲô˼ĶϱҲˣ˼ǣûѪҲˡðϣϼһﶼȻ
ˣҲ˼ͬ˵
㿴ĸƵĶԷͷ󺹣о治ѣĸʲôݣȻԶҵֱɲΪĸǿĿˣֻ˵ĸˡֻǣʲôĸ޼ɵ
ԼĸҲǼﰡֹ
˺βȼ飡ϼ޷סĸֻѡػս
ĸɨһ۵ˣҼ˲ҵģѵĲɣ˵ԣǴ˵ԡҪǾûҪңԺλ϶гҪȻһƶķ㣡


920 Ƕ
ĸѹ棬ϻǾͷҶĸһ˵Ƚȥ˭ҵ㣡
ͷʥȥϼһĻҪĸɨͻǱ졣Ŀʥء
ˣԺεذϻ̲סԹ
ԺôôֻҪĶӣҲôǡĸ˵ΨЩҵõ˶ԴѵýһΣǾʲô˼۸ɣ
ϿЦãҲֵÿһֻŵŮ˲Ϲأ
Ӧ֪û˼ֻǡ
ֻʲôֻ㲻ҳʥضȥˡҸ㣬ҪȥʹȥǵǶԡﲻǵëιŹ֡ĸȻˣ˵ҪǲȥԺǼλͷߣ˷Ҿǣⲻ֪ǰµĹƨҲܹܵĵĶӣ
֪˵ãڻָԵĸǴӮѹҪȻ˵ʲôûáǣ˭ѹǳŻ˵߷磬ٴηˡ
ҪǷ飬ұЦǰʱͣǴʱΪˣ飬һм
ʧıӰ̾һӰҲûղ޷ֻʳˡ
ĸԷǰķ֪׼˭ĸۿţҲԭȴŶԷ
˿ĸȻ̵Ժ˶Ƶֻߣһɴ˫ۿĸǵĸ̫ǵԤˣԵǿƵѪȡԺʲôطȥǣ˭ǵĹϽǼøǼӡǣǵĸȻֱӿڰԺ϶˵ʲôֱǵԤϣǼҲɣ

һʥأʥһɽɽȪˮ飬ʳȪˮȻŵϢɽһҪǾﵽһΣȻܷһغɽһ󣬾ޱȣҪǶش򲻴ﵽ߲ΣԲ㡣
Сݼʴˣϵɽ֮⣬쳣Ĺ
ʲô飿ɽдƺͨûʲô𣬵֪Ļ֮ܲ䣬֮ĴԾ˲١
֮Ӵ˴δһ˽ʥأǵֻܱǽʥءԺĹأ½֮Ȼ޴棬ʴ˳֡Ϲ˵вί
ԭΪʻǰ㣬ϾλʵԺ߳ȥģµĸִֹеϸԼֻҪ˵ƻйأȻŭǣλʴ˲ûе˵ԺԺùʣֻҪǷ죬ŻԺҲš
ϵɴ۾ŵĿɽڵʴˣ
Լǲˣ걻һΪһϸҪʴ˾Ȼ˵һ仰ϾýǲҪˣʴ˽Դѣ
ˣȥɣ鲻ֵܲģ֪ڶԼ㡣ѡзչĵ·ԣȨܵġôôмڻ⡣Ǵһ˽ʥһȺ˽ʥأҲûԺԺ󿴵㶼ۡ
ɽɵȻǻ˼ȴ𺳵˶Щѣվе˼
ʴˣ⡭
Ҫ˵ˣЩǲ֪˵ȥǡУҼҲȥŭǷڶҶ˵ǶһЩԺҪҪʲôҲҪҡҲǣ

ϼʴ˵Ȼвʡվǵ˵ȥֻɻ󡣵ʲô£ʴ˶̣ڶɷչŵԡ
ˣȻʴ˵Ǿ͵ûмɡΣ֪ԺŴ󡣿ǣôںʶվһߣԼȥҲҳѡ
뵽ʴһ仰ɻпǷĸʲô֪ĸҵ⣬ǾⲢ֪ʴ˵Ļл

Ȼ֪Щ룬ڵ˵ĵط
࣬Ȫٲɽ嶸ŨľȻһɽӣһϿ֮䣬иַϢɢʥصĴϢŨܳʵʡ
ЩϢȻûѹ㣬㻹ǸоĪѹÿһޱȡ˵ڿշˡ
ŨĴ֮أаԵģ͵ģгȵģбģС
ͷ˵˵˴ҵһ̣ܴʱûжɱǵĻܾ񡣶ƽһڴߴа̺ҵǿӡġÿͷӡҲ֮پͨľǿǿʩչͨЩۺϣһɵɢڿ񱩵޷ӽ˼׺ͣܶഫеõô𾳶壬ͻƿ𾳣תɷ
˵ͷȻֻǴƬ̣ҲܸоеĴԼ
ľƷʥʲôɻʵ
ָָǹᴩɽľ޴Щȫɵ۶ɣֲ¡
ЩҪģҵʥٽʥʥ֮ѿʯ뵽ʥ֮С˵
㿴ͻȻֵʥ˵ͷ˵ʥཻҪʥ٣᲻ᱻش
㵣Цҡҡͷ㲻õģƷʥҪױݻٵĻϵĶδ̫ˡοͻƴֻһˡ
ĻҲ˵԰ɡǿҪǲеĻİ취ҴȥڣӦܻа취
ҡҡͷںӣҲþͻְԼοҲܳɹʵǿҲǿοǾƷԼʶĿ
ɿǣһ֣չһЦ绪һɢ㿴Щʧ񣬿ֳʥȥ
ĿתĿҲ뿴Ʒʥָܻܲͬģܴܲﵽ۾ĲΡҪܴﵽ۾Ǵ˾ͷĲΣȻ޴ޱȣǶȥˡ۾нҲǵĴڡֲޱȣʹ


921 ͻƣ
Ŀ⿴Źᴩһľ޴űϢƣ貵Ĵһҧűݣϸֱۻ裬ʥӿ򣬷ž޴ɨ˹ȥճķ׭Щ׭ɢϢҪ⴦ʥصĴѹȵ֮¡
Ŀ⾼ÿ߳һᶨⲼĹ·ϣеʥϵĻķ׭֡Щ֣޴ĵ֮䣬ֲ𵴣ӿֱֱӿ
ʥƣõһ֮âǣâ貣춯أһһ£ᴩأ˲Ͱʥߣನˣŷ˳ನͳķನҪϯĻȻʬ޴档
ȻҲ֮棬͵ɿʥź漱˶ߣܿⷨ˵ĳʥ
ʥϾʥܱסͬ취򲨶Ҫķ֮ܶأܰضըƵģŻأǳɽ֮ȻʹʥѾûоƷʥĲΣǱҲֲ
ʥķЩҲһɢĵϯʥƣһϵıʥȥҪʥ
ʥ͵򽻷棬ðƵģ𶯣ƹᴩϵ£ϴбֲ貵ĹâҪһ㣬Ҫһжɡ
һǿߵķۣ۳ҲʥЩһĵסһʥȻڻ£ҲʥĴ֮ʥ
ʥڴ֮Ĵ£ҲâǣĹâ£ֳʥϸСѺۣѺ۱鲼ʥȫ֩һ
һĻȡеĵ֮ĿʯЩʯ֮䣬ʥЩʯ䵽ʥԱߣʥĹâЩʯ˲仯Һ壬Һ屻ʥеľû뵽ʥ֮Уȴ䵽֮¡
ʯû뵽ʥУʥԵѷ쿪ʼֲ
ĴƲϵıʥȥʥʥ𻵵ĵطҲֳͬʱʥķ֮Ҳӿ֣ϵĵסһĳ
Ĵʥɢķ֮ʥڿʯʹͬʱ£𽥵Ļָ
ʯϵû뵽ʥ֮У㿴ĿʯҲզ಻ѣЩʯǷƷҲ֪Ů˻˶ܴﵽġ
ΪʥԵʣӿܵĴϢΪŨҡʥأоԼĵҲеĴ趯ʼ
ֻĵֹǧ٣ʹЩʥشİҲΪ鷳ȻҲԤ֮еģĵ̫࣬Ҷǻ幦ģ⴦ʥĹЧҲ޵ġ
̫࣬ҪһֱҵĻҪ߳ŷۣ¼ѡҲоͷۣȻӵԵɺǿࡣҲΪͻơ
ǱؾĲΣһ߳ȥŷĿܡһҪ
Ļ֪²ϣҪȵʱԼΨĵ˵Ĳ໹Ҫ󡣡ͷޱȣʱĿ׷ΨĵˡڵȴͻҪǧٱ
ȻҪͻƵĻƾĵ⣬ʵҲҪԶԶˡ
겻ϵ뵽ԼĵУʥشǣ£Լҵĵ⡣
ʱѾеĿʯȡˣͷһƬʯʯУϵʥͶȥʥڵĴ£ҲĽȻ죬зӿȴһĿʯûУ޸ʥϵѺۡ
ʥ
ͻȻһĴ£ʥ򱩶𵴶ڷӿ֮䣬ǴִͬĵҲʼ
󣬵ӿֳʥסĴҪʥ
ǾƷʥϾǾƷʥʹʱƷҲЩģ𶯾ŷƣһ֮䣬һж˺ѡ
ʥһӡһӡû뵽ʥ֮Уʥɢ貵ĹâĿʯǲϵûС
ڷĺͿʯʥʥƣһַƵģʹЩĴҪѹơ
ʥҪĲƣһҧԼָһѪ⼤Ѫ⼤û뵽ʥ֮С
֮Ѫ֮ʥϡ
ĺ£бһӰӰΨҶĿֲƣ㶼ѣ͵Ŀķ
ֻڳӰѪҺĳ뵽ʥ֮Уʥг˯ʶ˲ѣԭɢķ͵۶Ʒƴʱֲķ֮𿪲Ƶĵʥľޣڴ֮䣬ƺҪɽȥֲɢ⴦ʥضʼҡ
䡭䡭
һ𵴶͵ĿŻ޵ʥȫɷ۶ɣƣﵽһ㣬ֲĺˡ
㿴ž޲ϵСǧĴ֮뵽УƲϵԨһ㶼ʥ׶ôǿ
еƶȻṥԭͻȻ֮Ͱ㶵Ŀеʥ
ƴʱҲȫҲ֪ʧȥ̫ྫѪԵʣΪԵʣɫЩ԰ףֳʥһ׭Уɫޱȣ
˵Ůʱ仰Ǻеġ
һ£ʥҲĺںϣʥ£ԭ԰׵Ҳĺ
ʥϵû뵽Уʥû£ϵƸȫʧƵġǣҲĿʼŷ
Ĳϵû뵽֮Уشڷ֮С
һҲڿ
ڿգ㾪ޱȡĴѹ£ʹӵңζ޷ڿգʱڿգǲǴʼӵзˣֻӵз򣬲ա
ʥһû뵽УִоǴŵͳӰû뵽С
ͳΪʥΪͳһ֮򣡡
һӿ֣ܣʼŷĲͷƱƸǣԭѩգʱͻȻ
Ҫ۾𣿡
ֱֱĿգ˲һжһ׵е׵粢Ǻǿ֮䣬㲻׶ܵס׵硣
üͷȻõĵ۾ٻֻôһֱֱĿգȻԤϵͻȻһУת֮䣬һ޴ĺڶ֣ڶںһ𣬶ʱƣ𵴶ŷƣȻޱȡ


922 ׺
ƺͺڶͬʱǣֲޱߵƱ׵Ӻڶ֮ӿ֣֮䣬ǺضҪѣһжҪ𣬼ʹǴִҲΪ֮òƾ¡
ÿֲ׽٣
׵Ӻڶ֮мŴ֮֮ףֲԿв۾ǿߡ׵䶯֮䣬Ȼ۳ɷ׭ط׭֣ʱ׵
ڶе׵һ͸ֲϢЩ׵⣬֮֮ӵơ
䡭
һ׵绯ķ׭£ֲĺʹӵ׵ҲΪ֮Ȼ
żķ׭۾͵۾貵Ĺââۣͷ׭׵һĶ
һ𶯣ɢನž죬һʥء
һ׭£Ƹܲתĺڶ״Сɢ񱩵磬׵֣б׵һ֮𵴶
صһĻҲҵˣͬԨһƺͺڶģ˿׵级Ȼޱȡ
ͻƴ沽۾
ǵģһǵģֻͻƴ棬춯صĿ׽١
вϡҪ֪˭ͻˣһλͷһʾ޴ĲƸ
Ψĺ˵ҲԭΪеĳλǰǿյʱǵԲ˫ۣô
Ψĺ˶һۣ˶ԷĲźͲʡǶǹھһһУһĴڡҲϣ۾
ǣʱȴһŮ˸ǰˣŮ˵ǿǲΪԷܸԼǰ档Ͼ۾һƿͻƣȻֻǲһһȴζ̤ȥ
Ҫʱ߳ȥԼһԸڱǰ档
ɴʱǰŮ˵׽ٸǣⳡû̵ıУ˲ҰˡǴ˶ٵŮˣǵʥز˵۾
ģ˵һ䣬¶˺ݹ⡣Լڱ˵ĺ棬һһĹֵǲ˵Լ
԰˵޷ܺͳһ㡣
֮ܵһ׵֣׵绯׭׭ɾ޴ĿɨȥϵˣأնҪն롣
ÿֲ׽٣׽٣ԶԶ˰׽٣۾ԣҲҽ氡
ǰǴ֮ףشܺء

˾岻ѣſڽǣеŮӾȻܣȭ裬ȭ죬ȻƾҪ׽١һȭȴԵޱȣ񷡣
¡
׵׭۵ĿıסԤеᱻشûг֣׵׭۵նĵɳȥ
Ůʵǿֲ׽ٺ죬Ȼһƺˡ
ǵһѣ췣ߵʵ֣ԷʵԽǿǱԽ췣֮Խֲ˵ܿΨģͻƵٿɶֲ¡
׵׭ۣâն𶯣ǧ׵ȫ׭ն˲âǣʢ׹ҫ֮䣬һʥûƵģһƬ׺
¡¡
׵Ƭǧ׵罻֯׺٣ֲʱ֣ҪһжݻɱıŭҪ˺Ѹս
׵ΨĵĪɫȻֻǾ۾ֻһ֮ң׺ĺΨ룬Ƚٵʱôֲ׵
ټϣ𶯣Ǽʶǿ߲۾׽٣ǺһȣֱС׼ףֱǾ٣ֲ̫ˣ˭ܵסŮ˾Ȼ׽٣׶ǿ
˿ֿ㡣ѹǲϧԺҪˣԭͻƵ۾û˭÷
׵ͬһɨ˳磬ֱܸɨȥ˶ס
ȴ˿ûо壬гһʥʥֲУӰȻ˵עУ䵽׺֮Уֳٽ
˰ɣҪٲɣ
̫뺷ˣһȻֱӳ֮С
ëȻĿٽ棬𵴵ϵıֲ֮䣬һжݻ١ҲҪֲеϣֲס٣˿·硣
ðԵʥ㿴еʥ̾㿴ĳûеס׵ʵʱȴܱȫǽʥЧ
ԭܵٵҲʥӦܰȻȹ˴١۾һܴﵽ
˴α٣۾϶ҲǿĹ֡Զһĵ۾ǿߡ
׵粻ϵŰȥһֱֱĶŮһ㱬ֵ׺һ£Ϊ֮սľ
Ψĺ˸ǳ񣬴ﵽǵĲΣܹۿ˶ɽ٣ҲǴкôġ
䡭䡭
ǿưԵĲ𺳣ڸǶסˣηˡ
ʱҲĿȣ֮׵磬Ҳ᲻
ҪĻ֪²ܴﵽ𾳣ȻˣǺЩȫۣ۳һɣһͲˡ
ɰǧĵҪ۳һɣ֮ѣҪϰٱֹҪƽҲ롣Ǵʱȴһᣬ׽ٺֲȿֲסȫԽ֮Լĵ⣬õȫںϣ𾳡Ҫܰѵȫں϶õĺô϶ҪԶԶ
δڴ֮ںֵģҪǳɹȻ̥ǡ
һֻԵ㲻ԸӰһ׺֮оͼȥ
һĻ˶һ漴оͷԺ¡¡죬кȻޱȣǲ˲۾ȷԼġ
Ҫʲô׺Ҫȥ׵粻ɣ
ǵ۾ٰһ𾳶Ĵв𣿡
Ҫʲô

˶ʧĿ㣬ɫ𶯣ֱֱĶ㡣
ΨĺҲüѣû׺㣬׽ҪǺɻ
ǵ𺳺;Уһ׵ֱֱĺ󱲺ȥ׵Ȼǿģ˼һ׵磬ɱһ߽Ѿ㹻ˡ
׵ĺϣò˶̵ı۾ҲûĲҽһЩ󵨿ˣȴɫ㵣ǲûмѪģģϹƣ׵ϼ䣬ûж˺
ôܣʧĶ㣬Դˡ


923 ںϵ
ϹӰ趯׽棬ֱ趯֮䣬һĳƵӿֱ׵ֲȻ
׽ٽ˺ë׵粻ϣĲľᱻѪģԤϵǣȻٶ׵ϣδһ˿˺
ֵһĻòò˼顣ѡ񽻷׵׭ǿɱϾǵ۾׽٣Ҫƽߣͻҷˡ
Ҫʲô壿ΨĿ׺趯üѣҪҲܵ۾׺ȥΣգ
ǺܿΨĺ˵˾۾Ŀǰһ͵վһ⣬ֱֱĶ㡣
׵ϣ׵İסȫʹޱȣվסǿҲӣ۳һ׭£ĵҲɢֱ趯֮䣬һ似ʩչÿʩչһ似Ȼ۳һ⡣
ٶȺ֮죬似ϵĴϵĵҲϵļֻʣһӰӣȴ޾ĵ⡣
裬ٻһϵӿ֣ĵӿ֮䣬ӿϼ⸲أķ֣ࡣ
һ㲻ӿĵʧ񣬶Բ۾㣬ֹǧٵǾ˵ľ似ֹǧٵ
ôܣ
ĿֱֱĶűӿĵ⣬һоͷƤˡŶÿһ似һҲ֪Ҫ갡Ȼ֮ĵ⡣
Ψĺ˶һۣԷе𺳡ǲ뵽㵱սʮǿߣѹ𾳲ʵܼôã֮ĵ⣬׵ҵԷ似ܵסôҲˡ
ֻ˶似ȣԵ͡Բͬ似ôܶϣûһų𣿶𣬴ЩĲȻǱ֮еĻ似
뵽㣬ʹ߰ͬˣʱ϶¶˾ݣŻã̶ʱÿҪ֮似ֱǳ롣ɹб⻪似óȥ˵һǻҲŽеġ뵽ʧĸ£ؾĸġ
ĸ֮ĵ⣿˴ӽĴӿһɹɺ⣬ΪԼˡߵ֮ʱһԱȡͻȻоԼˣ
㲻֪ԼǲӿֳĵԱж𺳣ɲӿߵĵ纣һ㣬Ҳ˶ҪĤˡ
һʦҲͬʱ˶ĵɣģƾ޾һĵ⣬㶼н翪ˡ
ӿָ֣㶯Ҳǣ׽£嫵׽ٴ֣֮嫰磬ɱһС
Ҫ׽ͻ𾳣׵еĵһ룬ѵ֪жô𣿡
˰ɣҪǿƲס궼ᱻ׽˵𣬽޴ʱ޶ûطޡ

˼ľٶʧ㶵Ķ׺еꡣ
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ĺ£ʶ֮е꼤ʱѾʮǿˣӨͬ񣬾һС㣬һϢɢĴ
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˶Բ۾㣬ϾǴģҪûķ׳¡ǿͬʧȥ֮󣬶ֵһˡ
ʱҪ׺е׵ĻشŹ֡
ϺΨĻˣ̲סüͷðոֵá츳ңֻҪʱȥվͻ𾳵ģֻһСѡʱһ£ǶӰǾ޴ģܴ˵һܽðգպȡ
ָ㶯ˣһɫ׵û뵽Ө֮ͬУװҲ֪겻յ˺ҪڱĿŰҼ꣬ƫƫ׺ڱ˵ֵĵطȴֲ̫
ǧ⣬Һڡ
ȣĵ׵ĺ£ֻһȥ崦
Ӵ壬ӿһɹѵǣСڵ뵽֮У۶˼
׵ɲϵ£֮ĵⲻϵĿ£ĵ弤ȥ
ɰٴ˴󣡡
֮䣬͹ԣһ㣬ĴԵ֮дת׺ͣ׺ͺϢеĵ֣ⱻǣʼû뵽֮С
䡭䡭
׽֮ɲϣŵ⣬׽ٵ£ĵⲻϽ塣
һĻסֱֱ壬ᵽɤӿڣ׵εܼ֪᲻䵽ϣ˴ĶҪǱеĻǺ
˵ʲôʲôһ֮׻ķļȥķķ
㣡ջΨһ˴󺰣Ҫȴϵü
ȴδƵģڷںϵ⡣׵ϣΪ׵ܰ飬˵ɴ۾ǣ׳׵磬׵ûоȻʧ
ԭΪܸɴ˺ĺʧһɶ˶ŹֵĿ꣬ʹգգ۾ò˼顣
ȴδƵģŹɹɵ⡣ڹɹɵ£ĴҲϵıǿԭԵĴоȻ˼ı仯ͬʱߣĵӿ֣ϵû뵽֮С
ΨֱֱĶǰĵ⣬ĵ۲û֮УҲӡĵ뵽УЧôû֪Ͼڴ澳δ㡣
ǺȻЧǾ˵ġ󵽵жôֲ
ͬʱ뵽УǾģͱ۲ƣڵӿ£Ǻ׵綼˶ֲܿĵ֮䣬ȫûꡣ
ⲻϵļ٣ڵ£ĴҲʼɱ𽥵Ũ;
ⲻϵ룬ĵС䣬ҶסĶŶԷ˭㶨Ȼžɱ䡣ֻںɱô
ŵⲻϼ٣ֻʣ°ٵֹ˿ʼĵһⲻ롣һ뵽֮еʱ˶壬۹ƵĿ㡣
ͬʱ׽ҲȵĲˣ׽ٵǿȲϵ
ָһ㣬û뵽ʶУû뵽Уľ·һ˲ﵽƵġ
˶Ŀ⿴㣬Ҫ㵽׻εľ仯ǧΪһʲô


924 ɵ
һƷıԪӿԪû뵽Уʱ֣һ׭鲼ȫ
Ʊǣʵûһ˸оġⶼȫںϣҪǲŹˣǸȤĲܴܲﵽ𾳣ǸȤܴﵽֲΡ
ӿ֮䣬һҲϵ֣꼻һһ㣬֮󣬾ͳ׵뵽СĴҲӷɢĴ۳һɣŷǱ𾳵ı־ͬҲʵ
˶ʦ֮еȴͻȻʱѾȹе׽٣ԭ񱩵Ŀռ䰲쳣ԭӦܵ˹עʱȴûж⡣
ʥɵˣ뵲ƣȪɽΡֱһɾ֮£ȴĿԪУ
ľٶ֪ʲô
ܿ죬Ǿ͸ӦһϢһֿɢ绯һ㣬Ȼȴƾ۵Ļ͸о
㲢ǿ׳Ϣ͸չɢϢϴӺ쳾һ㣬ס
ϢӵʥأϢûһ˿ĵ۲ȴʥذٻţȪڣŲʹ⣬һ㡣
㶵Ŀ㣬Ϊȣʹոմﵽ۾ҲŹֵĿ㣬ʱʶҪƾۣҲ޷㣬ʱͬһ顣
Сʲôɻ󲻽Ķ㡣
Ψһǧһ֪ʲô
Ψ˵֮䣬ЩĽмһ㣬ضΪ֮仯Ϊģȫɾһ㣬߲뵷ڲϢ
˶㣬һֱȴͻȻڿնһ̵Ȼһ۾ڿյѹƣ֮ϣӰ趯趯֮ɿչɢ
趯֮䣬һӰ֣Ӱ֮䣬ٶȿ缫¡˾ȵǣЩӰûз紵ѣõգٶȿ趯ӰԽԽࡣӰǧٵ
֮꣬ǧ⣬Ⱥ趯
һ֮䣬ĺ֮䣬һӰȻ趯趯ķһģһǧӰ趯һģһͬѵһ㣬һʮ˵
ӰȺ裿˵˴㵲ѣһ˵ٶȿ쵽£ӿֲӰ֡ǣӰĶһɢȥۣܰ趯Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ǲӰʵĻҪ˵ǲӰӰȻЩӰʵܵͣÿһҲֻ֮ѡҲˣƾܳӰֱ˼
Ӱϵ趯趯ٶԽԽ죬ЩӰֻ֮ʩչʽ֮䣬ȴŵᴩУͬʱֲ֣
Ӱ뻮һ趯ᴩأӰ趯ԽԽ죬ۻҡ
ʲôһ뻮һĴȭݲɣɻ󲻽⣬ʲô
ǺܿǾ͵ֱ˫ۣǰԭ뻮һ趯ӰȻ䶯Ӱ趯ոջ뻮һӰĪ⣬Ӱ䶯ޱȡ
ӰʩչŲͬʽȴ˵ɴ۾ΪӰ뻮һѣҪÿһӰʩչʽͬˡ
ˣⲻ𺳵ġÿһʩչͬʽӰǵĵҲͬǧĵӸӰмĵƬնʱĵ⣬ͬĵ⽻ֲޱȡ
˿Щ趯ĲӰǴͲѣΨĸȻӰõʽ趯һ˲ȫ趯Ƶġ
ÿһӰһ似һ似еĵ⣬ǧӰǧĵ⡣õ似һ̶ʩչ
˶㶵ĿһĻӰʩչͬ似һʹĲ۾𺳲
Ҫǣÿһ似⣬ֱǷ˼ġӰ趯ĵգЩӰĵʱȴȥɹӿּ䣬ٴλָ״̬
Ӱ趯Ŀ·һж޹Ƶģ˸ԿϢҪƵġ
㵽ʲô
ѵҫһɣ似
ǰҪʲôӰ趯֮䣬ԽԽŨˣһֱ趯ȥа
СӲúõֻθʲô

˶ɻ󲻽⣬аΨһˣ֪ͬ㵽Ҫʲô
ǧĸ£оԼǳԼЩĵط˿éٿʱȻŴҵĹЧҪ˵ʱһʦҲΪ
о̾벻ƾģ⡣˾͵ó㣬ҪΪʦиȤϾõ㣬ͬõһ⡣ȱ˵似͵ִҵЧñʮꡣ
Ӱڲϵ趯趯֮䣬ᴩͬĵ⽻ʥء˾ȵǣʥصķЩ
˵עУ似ܱĵⶼﵽ壬ʱ۶ɡ
γ֮䣬ŵջڿգû뵽Уû֮к飬߲ʹα鲼ȫ
ͣɾҵ
гŴ֮ġ
ΨĵҲ͵һֵĶ㣺ҪʲôҪɵôܣɵǷǿ߶޷ģôܳɵ
ⲻܣһξɵⲻ𣿳ɵġ
СǷģҪǳɲ˵Ҫͬһ߻ˡ
治֪ɵŴ氡ôȥԣ

һɴ۾Ķ㣬ǲ֮ɫǿûʲô𡣾һЩǿߣҲǴﵽ۾Ÿҳԣ㲻ѣʱͳԳɵֱ֪ôġ
Сӹ˵ϵ˰ɣ
ַ֮Ӧ˵仰˵ġ
ǣΨĺ˵ȴﵽεȴüͷ˿ûΪǿЦĿֱֱĿ㣬ʱָ㶯ǲ趯µӰȻںĵȫںУЩںҲų⣬ӡ㶯£Ӱϵں׳
㶵ĿһĻһʩչµӰںϣɵɣ
ɵô仯ǲ֪ǲǺֱ仯ģ˵һ졣
ŵںϣ𺳣Ŀơ


925 һ
Ӱϵںϣԭʩչ似Ӱϵļ٣ں֮䣬ӡϽգԭͬģһɻĴɴؽа壬ϵķ׭Ҳı鲼ȫ˱Ļľ޴
ȫͷųϢÿһ겻ɢΪģʱһ޴Ԫ֮һ̾ȻŷĻ趯Ϣ
˿ĴԼԪȥһľѣ£շѹҳʣ
ɵֱ˾磬֮ŻУȻ߳ɵһ;밡
֮ĵ۷Ҫβܵס
ӿ֮䣬ָ㶯һֱ趯ںϵӰֱֱߣʱӰֻʣʮÿһӰǧĵ⡣ǰֱֱͷ۳ȥ
𾪣ЩӰĳɵһ㣬е͵۶뵽Ӱ֮УӰƱ񷡣
ϣ
ȴûӰ㣬ָ㶯֮䣬ʮӰٴں
Ӱں£۷ӰܱתϢش˿ҪӰһӰǧضҪϣҪһ㡣
ɹɣΨĵ˿ڸֱֱĶ㣬ޱȡ
֮֮ɣҲ
¡¡첻ϳƵģķĴɢĻϢͬʱ֮УһĴ
С˰ɣɵ͸
˴͵Ŀ㣬һľԼôݣɵƸۣ
ʱҲ˼ʱѾû·ˡɵĻᱻشշѹķ顣ɵͱͬɵҪǳɹȻԵõôҪʧܣǶȻܵķɣڷ
ͨԴķɶޣҪԴɵĻֻ·һ
ҪҪʲôѹɵɵĳɹʽδ˵˭ڴܳɵһɵ
˶ëȻĿ㣬ͬʱһɹɺð˷ľٶǾ壬Ҳ޴֮һļʶûаɡ
ֵ⣬򷨹һ
ĺ£ǧӰ뵽Уͬһ㣬ڿն걻ϴϴ֮䣬ĺ͸ֵĴڣ˾Կ飬ͬɡ
Ǵֿ龳ûɿΪŵĿ㡣Ȼֵ̺Ϊӣںɵ
ѵ֪һ˿覴ֵ֮СԼĴأĴתأΪ񱩰ԵŻ֮زݣֵΣɳɲ˵
ۼΪūҪūڣūòڣ֮⣬ҵ
ĺ£ǧͻȻ£źصϣУһ˲俪ʼƿֲ绯
ĵⱻǿںϲ̫⣬ֵϵ֮ȴʣҪ¡֮ɵҪ˺ѡ
壬ʱҲڴ֮䣬һɹѪ͸˻Ѫһ㣬˴Ŀġ
¡¡
ŭڵϣŤѪвϵıĴʱҲҪɢƵġ
ȡ
̾Ϣ屻ŤĲӵÿⱾܹھµһ̫ˣȴҪشˡȻɵǳɵô׵ġشڵķ԰ѵʬ޴档
ϧˣֵ⣬Ǵʦ˿ȴҪ䣬ڵǰ츳죬ͬϰԶ޷ԽĴڡ
Ҳ۾Ѫ죬Ťͣ˺ѪɫҪ㡣ɸ޴ֻ֣ܿԽԽŤ
֮أΪңɰٴΪѣ䣡Ҫңƫ졣һ磬һߣңҲΪū
ĺ£ĴȻѹȥҪǧϵ֮ѹ
С뷨Ǻõģĵǿǿôܺش档
ǧɳʥֻŭһ֣Ҳˡ
վӲԴһ;Ȼؽ棡ֻĴŤתأԼĵǿгɵ浱Լ鲻ɣҲҲذɣ
ϧҪߵ֮;ոΪ˵ܳɵҲ˵ĸߵ֮վͨ·Ҫġ
ϲûгֹصǵҲˣͨ۷·ڷ

̾ϢͬʱҲſɱϾһѵóһǴ˿ȴˡ
ĴȻֲŻѹվѹƲ֮ʹֵشҲѹǡ
忪ʼһѷ죬Ѫ鲻ϵӿ֣ϢϵȥȻ;ƿݵ״̬
㣡Ѫ죬˿Ҳһ㣬Ҫȥ㡣Ƿ򣬵ҲΪȥ㣬˭ҲȲͨҲá
֮Ϊҵ
ԭΪʱͻȻٴαУȻϹ⣬Ϲ⻯׵˸뵽Ĵ֮УĴжʱһ뵽Уԭѷ建ںͬʱĴâǣ֣ѹشȥ
˵ɴ۾ǣش׵ѹ£Ȼʲôһ㣬ԭֲƣıѹһ룬һƱѹ֮㱩ǵĴ֮ҲڿʼǿںĴϢǧ⳹׵뵽Ĵ֮УΪϢ
˿һĻһʧѣĿϱףʲôȻ֮Ҫâδֲ̫ˣ
ѹ£ϵ롣֮Ͼ֮ѹƬ֮ٴηı𵴶ٴ˺Ĵ𵴵忪ʼѷ졣
ԭӿϣˣٴҡҡͷվǲµģվܳɹ
ϧܳɹ߰˷ѾˣȥҲ˷ڡ
̾Ϣʱӡᣬӡۣ׹⸲Ķͷڵͷӿ˵Ķͷ֮⡣
֮ѪѪ֮ҵ֮Чɣ
Ĵ˵ɴ۾ֱֱĶ㣬Ѫ֮ôǿû֪û뵽˿ʩչ


926 
ȵѪĵ֮ӿֳ羪׹ͬɽѪ֮𵴣ƣ䱩Ƽ䡣ͻȻһͬڰ֮춯
ͬʱ޷ıԭҪ׳ɢĴѪ֮ںף޴ɫɫѹ£ԭҪ˺ĴȻıѹγѹ
Ѫ𵴲ϢͬɽӰ磬ֲдŵѪ֮һԸӵĵزһڲϵ
ÿֲѪ֮Ȼ֣˺Ȼɴ۾Ŀ㣬Ψ˵Σ
ΨĴʱҲѪɫ͵ĿһĻò˼顣ֱ˼ô۳Ѫ֮Ѫ֮Ҫǿϲ٣ѵѪ֮
Ψľò˼飬ʷѪ֮Ϊǿģڻġοܳ
䡭䡭
Ѫ֮ĵϵ׵ĳķ飬¶˵У˿֮ɫЩ糺졣ǱϾԸɵ龳ֱֱĶ㡣
֮ͬɽӱڣͬ׾죬Ѫֲ֮˺ȻһʧĶ㣬ǲ˿ĶͷҪ㵽ʲôȼѪ֮ǣǵȫ׻ķ׭ס
ΨĺҲĶͷοվ͸Ķͷӡǣֻܿһģӡӣȴ޷ȫ
˵۵˫ۣҪͷӡǳ׿Ǵ˿ڳɵĵ֮͸޷ͷӡǡ
ģŭһѡСӴһӡڶͷסԼߡԭһӡҲ⣬ĵ֮״ƫƫƫƫĵ۴ԽʲôѪȼ
ǲҿΨĶ˵ҪȻΪʲôڿɽΣʩչѪ֮һΣ㶨ǵĵ۲ͻɵĵۣԲŴһӡڵʩչѪ֮ˡ
ߣǿѪ֮ӡǶѣʲôܿģ˷߷߲ƽ
ΨҡҡͷҲɻ󲻽⡣Ѫ֮ȷʵֲо𾪣㲻һȼģ
ôģôӵгԽҵѪ֮ѵôãһӳѪ֮ʹﵽ̶ֳȣ
ΨоȣܿĿע⵽Ѫ֮۵ϣɢſֲĻϢ֣ͬƵϢɢÿһϢŴҴǱõģޱȡ
ȻⲢΨȵģȵ͸鶼ҪУ·һһ㣬ܻû
ÿֲ۳ɣﵽ۾߸ߣ޷۳ɣشҪѹУŲ
뵽ЩΨĸо˶ҪëȻˡʲô߿
Ψʧѣ۳ģЩ磬Ψĸɻ
ȻҪΨ֪ԺеĻȻԿһģһġɣġ϶͸۵ǷƷ
㲻֪ЩѹסɢĹɹ£岻ϒOָѪ֮ҲѪ֮ڵ뿪ΪɵԵʣѪ֮ȻٴͬѵһһģѪ֮ķģЩУƱ
к˴ȻûʥѪİ½ųɵ֮Ѫ֮ٴδﵽѪѵʱҲ˵ʵ˲ﵽ۾
йһξȻ⣬ɷķģѹ£뵽С
Զٴν뵽ĲΣֻʣķļ䵽ڣƲϵĴҲ뵽֮С
ȻȹΣյķɣ˴ٴѵ߳ĳɵ֮;ɣ
̫ˣֱ漣ˣȻΪʤ׺Ѫֲ̫֮ˣ
ˣ˴ξͿʲôˣߵѾɹ˾ųɡҪܳɵȻ֮٣ҲҪ˷ڡ
˶ֱֱĶ㣬ʱȫʱشѾˡҲ˵ؾһ磬һߡĵȻӿֵķϣһŹɹде˱ȻȫϢ͵֮òǳȻͻƣһΪϡ
ɵȻģӿֵ֮ôͻơ
ɨƾ棬䣬Ȫ飬ں㾭̬һʱһȫ͸ŵϢÿһ˶뿿һЩΪֻҪմȾɢһ˿Ϣǳ
ܿʹﵽ˵۾ĲΣһڲϵ
˼Ҳ֣Ҫܳɵһ˲佫޵еġΪҲûʲôֵġȳɵ֮Ȼָȥ
㵽Ҫʲô
һöоٶɻɵδ̫һЩɡ
ǣܶȻ֪㵽׳ɵܵõʲôϾǵõĺôʱѾ˽ͻˣ˺ΨĶǳ
ɵ죡ѹֵɵеǿ巭һ
˵ע£ķģ꾻е֮䣬ִ˹ɹо֮
ͬޣзģ۾һž޷Ӱ֣޺оȡȻѵһˡ
㵽Ҫʲô
üѣ͵ͬʱ𵴶ȴղ˵ͷͬŲܵƻ󣬾Ȼ˫ֺһҪɷ
һĻ˴󼱣䣬ȵδķס꣬ƻ߻ħ
˵Ļû˸СӣϾŮ˷˫ޣѵˣҲϽסԼ꣬ƻǵꡣ
֮⣬֮ģݣߺһɾҵ
ĺ£ϱǵںһ𣬴ʱѾ֪ǿˣѪ֮Ķ֮羪ףѪ֮ѾȫﵽѲ۾ĲΣܸǱĴơ
趯趯֮䣬ջһȴޱȣĺۼ˳ҪŬ˸о治ѡ
ֻ֪߳ĵûУôհ
ɣ
Ĵʴ³˶ۿ㣬Ҫ֪㵽׳ɾʲôĵ


927 ͨ
ߵһųɾѾˣ趯˳ĬвԴ֮Բ֮ɣһ˵趯㣬˲ʱû˷츳ǱʹʱȲΨĺ˵ʵǴ˿˺ΨĶġ
һڴɵѾŵķ롣һ֪
ӿֳɢһɹɵ⣬Ӱ趯ֻʣһӰӡӰӺĴϣһһۡ
߳һˣĳɵˡ
ʱѪ֮ĵ£ֲ¡ͬҲһ㣬ʱоǰͬһ㡣ʱ㣬ͬ˲仯ʥɣ
Ӱ趯ʹһ
֮֮ͨͨ޵Уһͨȵŭɣ
ĺ£趯ǧϣӰ趯ȫ趯γɹĺۼ׭
ͨȻͨȻ۳ͨôܣɵĳɹ֮һȻ۳ıͨ
ͨһܴĿֲ
ɴЧͨ۳Ҫָʾһûﵽ
з˾ξˣͨǺεȿֲĶǺһͨҪһʺĻܳһ壬ͨĿֲ֮ͨӵеĶʩչ
ȻһЩ츳ص˻߸ӵ֮ͨѪˣδ֮ͨҲʩչǣҲֻǽͨѣԼĵġ
ͨȻʩչͨľ裬վȲͨԭˡͨЧ˲ۿۣȻҲû˿ʩչͨ
ǽԭͨ˴еģҪȫȫȫеһ˿©£һ˾͵ڻͳԭˡȻȫʩչͨľ衣
ǣ˺֮٣ͨµĲ٣ȴûмʩչ˵ͨͨԭ˵ġǲǿÿһͨʺϴͨ˵ĵ
磬ƺΪԼͨͨͨԼܱͨǿЧ
ͺñ㣬ӵоŵǬǾȴֻҪ£֪Ҫ¡ԼʱͨȴͬʱʩչͨͨЧıͨ
ͨ˿ڸĿ趯㣬һĴСִУǱͨ޷ġ
Ψĺ˶ͨǶͨʩչҲޣ޷ͱ˵ıͨЧȡҪǺͬȵͬʱʩչͨĻɱǡǱͨĿֲ
ֻһǵļ±֡ÿһͨɶǿģÿһγɲЩºպĿǿСǣȴгˡ
ĳɵߵľȻ֮ͨ;
ʧ͵Ŀ㣬ޱȣ˭֪ͨһɣ㽫ɾΣʷУĴ˵
ȻҲ뿴ͨ׶ǿʱΪɵԵʺ͵ϣʵ˲һֲ˼ĵز˶֪ʱǿһα״̬ʱ㣬һִһ㡣
֮࣡
ĺ£ĵУһ˳ȥһƿƻȴ⣬֮ӳӰЩӰǧ˰̬ʩչ似似Ųͬĵ⡣һеĲƣΪ֮𵴣еһжһƸǣʹʥĵۺͷ򣬶ױѹơʥط·ʣɴСӳӰľơ
ľһ㣬Ӱǧ趯趯ѧ似лǾޱ۾ƴɢ޵֮䣬һһŻЧɢϢһޡȻĵ۳ɵͨ
һʥϣͬһִĵȻͬһһ׵ĺķ飬Ƭʥصɻҡ
һĺ񷣬һ£ݣ޹⣬ĩգֱʣһ޴ĺڶڶޱߡ
⿰һʧĵ۶㣬ⳡ̫ˣֲ⡣һ񷶼һޱߵĿҪϣǣ
ҪǣʥǿֲĺȻĵоȻһȻʱڳɵ״̬޵еĴڡҪͨǿĻ㻯ҲԲܱ
˵ĺëûȥٴκ֮࣡
£ϵĻϢʧһɶתһִȱȱ֮͸һ߾޴ķ񣬷֮ոպȻ⳹׵ֲٴγ֣գĴȱÿһζ͸Ŵȱ֮⣬͸ڷ֮䣬ÿһ֮жûһ߷񣬷Իվ̬ÿһ͸⡣
˸ܵɴȱɫ䣬͵ľȫߣһ˰֮Уɫȱȱ֮͸Ĵȱ֮һﵽһ¡
Ψļҧݲϵӿ̷𾭣İ˻ס֮䣬ͷĺˮҲһɹɵð̲ס˵ʲô
˵Ψһ۵ͱ뿪ˣбӿԼĵ⡣ҪȻȻû˭ܾ㣿
˵ʱȴȻޱȡͷŵķ࣬еĴȱŬĿԼһֱڴȱ̬֮չֵĴȱﵽһ¡
Ϊ˫޵˺ףʱƴȱȴǶȻ֮Ҫ˭ͷĴȱһ£ҪȻǵʵӲˡ
ңҺԼܻסԼס˲ȻҪȻǶȻ֮󣬾ʧȥˡ
Ȼ˻ҵͨಢʩչҪȻ˷ҲԻסˡ
գеطһʤصĵ۷ȫȻʱһһ֮һж⻯⣬һжȻûκһѡ
Ȼû˵ĻԼĵ⣬˲ͱȻһۻ⣬ʱ¶ȱȻһĻдȴ޿κΡֻܸӿٵоһ˰ǶǷҴȱļͬʱˣԲ¶һ˿ϢҪȻԻᱻȻġ
ǰ֮Ȼ͸Ϣ
֮ǵ
ĺ£һֵ࣬һַ࣬߻뵽У뵽ͨеʱ׵Щ׵߲ʹƣֲ
ÿһͨɣ٣ٽˣҲͨˡ
˿żԺͨ٣һ𵴣֪ܵ𡣴ʱڳɵ״̬ʱɻ޵еģɵʱѹס˿˼췣̫ġ
ոնܵشķɣʱͨɣס췣𣿾췣ȷʵֲ


928 ҳУ
ٴûжƴб׵磬˸Ϊ塣ֻеﵽһΣǲһ˿еĿֲȻƱȲ˭֪ҪԶԶǿ١
󣬴Ŵ׻ޣڣ׺ѹĪ⣬ֲ֮ϣȻһȫ۵һ㣬ޱȣֲȻ
˵עУڿ׺еһϣѹ£һƺ˳ȥͨһƶǧӰУãıݡ
ڱ֮ķҲʩչݣ׻ص٣ͨ
ʱһ㣬ǧӰ趯ǧо졣ʹףҲٺķ顣
㲻ֵܵʹ׵İ£ȻҲɻҡֻͨ顣Ȼ濹ס٣㲻ܽһЩ
ϯһЩû뵽УܵķΧڣĴ壬ǿ˶
ϵ׵繬ޱƺ飬ʧޱȡ֮ͨͨУҲǿֲµĴڰɣȫӰͷӰױȵͬͬʱչ֣ʹ٣Ҫâ
ȻٺͨĽǾ˵ģʱɽѾ׵ıݻ٣һʥɾģ÷һ㡣
Ȼ˿ֲĳʥĵҲ񷴻ٺ֮ͨ£ױѹƣͬķ顣̱ƣһʥؾȻʼѿһѷ졣
˿ʥرٵһޱȡЩӵ˵һõԴǣٵˡԺҪ𾳻߽еĵ۵ϣˡ
Щϸ۾Ѫ죬ǵְ֮һػЩءʱȴֻĿٵˡȻ⾪Ҳеľͷϸʱü׺ͨŰֲͬʱɫŤ
һʥأٵˣϿź׽㣬ɫʱԺػû£ƫƫһԺȴٵˣ׼¼һʣ˻ǣ
뵽⣬ϾɫѿҪ
ȴڲϵıŹɹɵΪԽʵǵչֵͨϣ١
ٻ֮Ҳӳɵ̬ѹԭ޵аƣҲ͵ӵѣٲǻΪܽʵҲֻʵҪǴʱ٣Ȼһ
ӵѹһ¶η֮ɫһڴӵԼͨˣһ˵ҿʷܳԽĴ˵
δ㵱ĻˣҲδ˵ڴɵɾͱͨ
ӵѣ׵ȴϴϢѪ֮ĶֲͣѪ֮ѪĶͬڡȻΪɵԵʣѪ֮Ҳ壬ﵽ˺͵ʥѪһģһ
ϲԼѪ֮ϴ񣬵һӺ첽ܣһζȻҲܸĪĺô
׼ƽϢѪ֮ʱһƬͻȻֻǿﵽ˵ȵļܸоֲɢƬʥء
˶δţϺȴɫŹ֣һɫ͵Ķ
иðѪ⣬Ķ˵㣡ҴŮʥأʥءվ峤֮ӣҲҪޡ
˵֮䣬ӿ򣬱㹥һռ䣬ȫû֣ɱģʮɵȫʩչʥһ־ǿʽ
ͻȻɱ֣һ㶣Щδ̫ظ˰ɡȻٵʥأļֵô󣿱ʥҪǿٱΪһʥɱ㣿ֵ
ܿϾ͸Ǵ𰸣㣡ԭΪͨŮҲˣȻŮߣ˵Ĵк˵Ĵлһѵ㲻֪ɱ˳һħͷĴУ˱ɱȻʥأĺڣ

һƬȻɴ۾ĿŮһвšʲôǺе伮Уд棬Ϲʱڣ˲ɱ壬Ϊ˾裬һħͷȻǳʥĽϣǾûһġ
˶ߺޣڵɱȵˣûͻɣֻҲû뵽ǣŮȻǸħͷĴˡ
㣡ÿѪҪǴ˿̺ޣ忴Ǳķϣƽϡ϶ȳ⡣
ɨһ̤ǰ棺֮ǰ˵Ů˶סǻʲô壿ĳûʲô飿
˵ĴˣҪе񣡡Ķ˵
ЦظҲظɣ˭ҲܶϺȳ
쵰Ҳŭˣδ̫ҪŮҪɽˡʲôƢԣɸѪΪ֮ơŮ˵ٴҿһΣյȻʶվһߣ
Щ˶㶼кøУɴ˿ȴ̲סˡǺûȴ˿
ֳ𣬾ͺñȵɱһôȥˡ˼Ǻ޵ʱҵˣԴָо
㣬㲻Ҫڤ粻飡϶
ЦҾڤ粻ΣĵͳĶԹʲôϵ
ߣȻˣǾͱϷһʰˣϣҲȻվһߡ϶˵
Ц㵱ʱ㻹ɱ𣿡ʱѪ֮ѾĵѪ֮δȥʱе۾˿塣
֣˵ȵɱȥ
ŹֵĿһۣǵ˵ͷ
ʱҶ֡
Ļ㶣漴ЦȻΪǿѾӳɵ״̬ˣʵǸոյ޵̬ͨԼϾǷǿ߰ѵ㲻ɣ
ǰŵǰϴ󺰵ÿ
һǶҪ
ϸոձֲʥҲޱȫѹȥ
ѵ֪ѾԴͨѵΪܵסҲɣ㿴ŶԷƱ˿ϵ𵴶
۾ϲŵĿ㣬Ǻܿҡҡͷⲻǡ
ʮֲĿ㣬޷ͻȻֲΡ
Ը㣡һԣ㶢ϵ˵ɨʥһƾӭȥͨչ֣˵ɴ۾ҪԵ£ͨ׶ôǿ


929 һս
ϵǾ˵ģ϶ʥʩչ춯ؿֱֲȥҪɱ˼ֲ£񷶼ҡǾһ۾ʱ¶šֲ˾壡
˿һֱӿȥҲɻ󲻽⡣˵ĴˣҲӦöְΪʲôҪ㣿
ο㱻Ҫ˲ҪɽгҲɱ츳˰ɡ
ɻͬǣҲŹֵĿ㣡Ϊʼ˵ĴͳΪʲôһת䣬Ҿưҧ˴ͳǳȴ֣
뵽ոʥӿֵĲǲӿ֮˲ſʼתġѵǲʲôϢɣ뵽⣬Ŀ⿴Ψĺˣɫ·Ҳ޵¡
ϵת۾Ϊһ˼ϾԷǵ۾ֲﵽ۾֮󣬲֪۾ĿֲȻͬȵ۾֪ⲻʵʵΪ졣ҲܳɵһΣͰʵƵ۾
֮࣡
һӡȥ֮Ӱĵ⣬Ϸ۵ʥһҲ۾Ҫͨ졣
ĵϱϣǻ޵ʥ˲䱻ݿķ飬һһᴩʥ˶Ϊ֮־ͨ¾Ȼһ׵ıݻ٣
ĵӡɢҫ۽⣬Ƶ󲻿һİϡϾȻĵɳȥѪҺҷɡ
ʧĶһĻðź⣬һֱֱĶ㣬ʱǲͨô졣һƣȻͰһﵽ۾ǿߺ˵ɳȥǺε
˶Է֮Ҳʼ˥ǷڵѪ֮ٴλعƽ
ߣֱߣٶȿ硣
׷Ψĺ˴󼱣㱼ܵķ׷ȥֻǵٶȵϴﵽ۾˲ͱΨļ㣬һ˿ȣǺܿͱΣڵӴ󺰵ȥ֪ͨоͷǳʰŮ
Ψ֮˺ΨĶһۣӰ׷ȥ
Ѫ֮ܿ˥ѪȴȣڲϵϷӿԪ뵽СʵѾԽ𾳡
ΪɵͨٵԵʣͻ𾳣𾳡ΪѪ֮ϴһ·߸裬ȵͣϡһǳȱ״һ㣬ʵȻ˿磬ͻ𾳴ﵽ𾳣˸߽״ĲΡʵıǲ˵ģӵԼıͨ
˷ܲѵ㣬΢΢üͷ˵ܸΪʲôȻֵͳǲûͳ
ǸǸֻңֻǱȥˣ
ţ⣬츳ôܻᱻأ
ҡҡͷҲûн̫࣬뵽ǵ֮дݳϢҲû뵽һôݡˣǾֻǼˡ
ٶȣһ·ۣ缤ȥұԵ
Ψĺ˺ܿ׷ΨĿװ뿪ҵ㣬㣡ѲҪΪһŮˣ岻ɣ
ɨΨһ㣬Ҳû˵缤ȥ
ʧҳǱΨĺ˶˺׷һҪûоͷ֪ͨûУŵ۾ǿߣͨȻʱƱȲ֮ǰҲСӡ
Ѿ֪ͨˣЩƺҲܲıʣ֮ǰмӵͻȻңشе۾ϣһжڵʯ֮䣬ʿǶܲˣ
׶༪ˣոձȫе۾ʵֲͨתͨĳһ¡
һ仰Ҳ͵һͨĿֲ׶༪ˡ
Ϊϱ𣡡ͻȻһ̫ݶͷɱʲôģ
ҲŭȻǲϲԺǣϾгƹԺҲΪзչȻɱɱˣԼһˡȻԼˣǹʲô
ס㣬һ
˶ȼŭ˲ߺޱȡ
׷ȻҪɱ㣡
ŮסѪϣ

ȺŭһΨĺ˼ĸսӴܵķ׷ȥ
Ԧս⼤ߡ˺Ψĵĸս׷ϡ
㵱δ֪ǰҸսⲻϵļ䡣ż˼̲ס˭ǵҵ˺Ψ׷ɱ
㲻ϼ䣬Ҳ֪ߵģܿ쵽һȺɽȺɽ֮ŲˣǼֱײļҸսһ֣Ͻܿ
Ϊ׵һȺɽ£ͣ˲Χ
㣡ӣҪʶȤǻȥܷ˵˵ķϣԴᷢ䡣
ЦбǾץңҪŮ˶סʲôҪǰһͬʣٻΣ
ܣΨ˵㣬һҪɱı䲻ˡ
ƨ𣡡һΨ˵е۾ͷǲǶ֡
Ψɫ˱䣬Ķ˵㣬㲻Ҫס𣿼ȻˣΪʲôҪ㣬бԺһս
ƬȺɽѵüͬ½Ⱥɽҩܶ˶ǰѰԴȺɽڣ˸ˡ˿ǼһĻŹֵĿΨĺˡһڶɣ
ǺܿǾʹҵӵĴһЩߣȻҼ֮ӣǸŮȻͳĴˡǴ͵ǣҼ֮ӾȻɱһеľͷƴ治
ϢһŹֵĿˣǲģһͣ׼飬Ŀ۵ϣҪģǾ̫ˡҪˡȺŭģ˿٣ѵ治飿
ҾȻϵ˼
˶ȵĶһˣرǰĿתƵΨϣţǲİˣʮ֮˾ġ
㣡һǲң
ЦΨģҲ𼤽ҡһսΣ㵱Ǹջҵʵ𣿴ʱ޾㡣
ȻˣǾһս
ĴӦΨģüͷ㣬Ҫ嶯Էʱ䡣ҾͷҶӡ
Ȼè壬ǿΨĺҵӶҪɱģ̲סġҪǣͨȷʵֲλͷ˵浲סһжڷҪˣûԭ㣡


930 ֮
Ψģñ𿴿Ϊҵһˣ׶ôǿһս͵ҵһսҲֲʱδܺһսź㶢ΨĹЦ
ΨͬЦ
Ӷվ¶ֻǶĹâȻ˺Ҳ˼ԭ׼ְƿЩ˵ʱҲûг֡
лɻ󣬵ȴһʵʵҲģ
⵽Ҫʲôδ̫һЩɣЦ֪ʱѯʣֻһúõѯһˡ
˿˿̺а壬ҲЩ㱣ջŶǿ𾳶ʱȴ潻Ψˡɳٶȣ
ﵽ𾳣Ψĸܵӿֵƣ̾ɵȻġֻ߳ԼıͨʵҲ˶ǣһٴﵽ𾳡
㶢Ψ˵ҪĸС
ΨĴЦȻǿɺԶҶԸ𾳣֮ɱȻƽ𾳲ͬҲܿҡ
ΨţΪʥӼ񾫴˿ֲ죬¡ϾĲֻ뿴Ǳ׶ôǿܵסǿĹ
˿ڳеˣҲ𶯡ΨҲպһܿģһʥӼҼ֮ӽ棬˶
ΨĳֺѸ٣˲˹ȥٶȿ缲磬һƺ㡣һȻ޻ΣΪɱʮ㡣
һվ֮Ӱ뿪Ӱķ顣һգΨĲû٣ٴһƻ˹ȥֱɨ˹ȥӦΪݣʱʥӵǱͱ¶ƽôķӦٶȣ
ԷһƺҲ㣬ֱֱһƺ˹ȥ߽һΨĶĵ
㱻ˣɫصĶΨ˵ȫɡκβң
ֻ𾳵ܱǿҵԤϡûжȫѵͶ𣿡Ψ˵㣬ǷſһսΣź˿ֲΣ
֮˵꣬ӰΪצΨץ˹ȥץ֮һӿ֣â
ĺãΨĴЦڿնȭͷɨ˳ȥԵΨģһշģ֮ͬĵ۳һ֮񷱩
˶֮ϴ򶷵ˣսû˿ΣǼޱȡÿһιֱԷҪֺݡʽȻ򵥣ȷʵģ˿ۻң֪ԭ򵥵ʽҲܱ˿ֲɱ
ΨղϽ֣ȭƽ棬ʽáʽϣȻǿһ似似ֱɨΨĶȥΨķʤ
ΨҲӹ֣ΪʥӰʽḻǳʮѸ٣ͨѧԼʹʽòöԷʤͬûиΨʲô˺
൱ޱȡ
˶ѪڵĿ˽֣ڹۿǳ˻Ȼԭ򵥵ʽԭǰʩչȭԭϡ
˶ĿתĿŽֵΨģԽսԽ£𾳵󿴵˾壬˱˾ÿֲ
ʱ˱ӦôﵽͨǿߵĶ˰ɣֱֱĿΨĺ㣬ԽսԽ£ΨȻҲúú㽻֣ʵûʩչ£ֻǲϵӣƺ̽Ǳ
Ҳûʧֻ𾳣ǱѾﵽ˰𾳶壬һӡ
ѵ𾳵ʵ𾳲ɣ˿㲻оɡﵽ߽״棬ÿһľ綼ԶҪ𾳱Ⱦ𾳵ʵ൱Ѷȵġ
Ψĳֱӿ£ȻıȾ𾳵ɨʯ쾪
á
ΨͬҲ˷ֱ㹥ȥȵĳԤϣ𾳱ȻҲǾûɡʩչ似סȻ𾳵ʱҪǿһ
ΨĲϲЦ㣡кһսʸ񣡡
˵棡ٴα̶ֳȣ⼸Ķ塣ﵽֲΣ֮䶼ѪڣֱΨĶȥ
ҲĿɿڴǿƳǵԤϡ𾳵ʵȻɽĿֱֲǷ˼ΨʥӼȻʱδһ˿˺
һֲļһ˸̾Ҫ˴治ãٴζһʥӼһ˭Ҵâ
ϧˣ˱࣬ޱϧ
ΨģҪ̽ȥСˡ˶ΨĺʱıӦôﵽļˡ𾳵ʵܱͨ߾𾳵ʵ㹻԰ˡ㳢һ£ûסʥӼ﹥
Ψĵ˵ͷԭѹͨ𾳵ٴαֱȥֲȣȻޱȡȻΨĴʱҪǿһ
ĺãҲʾ趯еʽӭȥֲȣȻȲΨĵ似ӣеᴩֲͬ
ʽһ㱻ĵ֮ԶڵѪЩֻڵļת£ƽϢȥ
˿Ψǿһ޷κ㣬զࡣ
ȴĿΨģΨȷʵֲʥӼʵֲĺˡԱľǿߣΨǰȴɱѹơң֪ΨĴʱȫ
ʥӼֲһŨĿֲԼñǿ١˽棬ѹںԼͬȾԼҲֻʤһԼҪʥӰһҪ𾳲пˡ
ˣҲԾ裬ԺʥӼǵСġ
㲢˶ٴαֱֲΨĶȥȼգأǾ似ʩչƿֲһƬ𺣡
ĽΨİԸ̾ƿ似ͨɣ似ϣܱǿʵİսһɡҪԼžѹĹ£Ҫͷޱȡ
㵽ܶǿΨҲûбƷʩչֲȻٴһǣֱɨȥſֲ˺ɫ䡣
ֱֱĺϣӰ˲ѡ
˿аͷʵڻʥӼ˲һЩƾٶȣʥӼ˽棬ڲ֮ˡ


931 ͨ
˵սǼҵģɣԪȡһɽӶɻҡֹâ䣬ѵءֲ
̤貵ĹâľŰУսһ㲻Ͻ֣Ƴ֮ɽ׺ΨĸǵѪããһƬƺƴĹ㡣
ÿһݿ㣬ף˽֮䣬âͬɢҶֲΣ˶ħˣֲ֮ޱȣ¡
Ψֺͬһʵ񱩶أҡ
ɣΨĵʵǿģ죬վԶԶȲΨĵֻΨҡҲκε㡣
ңε㣬֮ٶ޵У׷Ψĵֲվκβ㡣
˴սâ䣬ÿκ䶯֮䶼ſֲ죬Ӳ֪Ⱥɽɽϱıս۾ˡ˶ټǿߣƹھ
һը£˶𶯵ĿΨģ˵ǿһս𺳵ǣΨȻռϷ磬ȴʼκβ㡣
һ𾳵ԭΨɱġǣ˿ȴκβ㡣ɼǺﰡ𾳵ʵʥӼһս
ˣ
ȣ鲻ʥӼǺҲֻʥӼܿ⡣㾡ǱȣȴԶȻҲܿʥӼˣǵﵽʥӼֲֻ
޷󣬿һĲӰĬѡ
˿ÿζܱܿΨľǿĹҲľʵԶȲΨģΨҲκβ㡣ÿαĹҪСԡ
𾳵ʵԱȾ𾳵ΨӵġٶȣΨĶʮ־սѪڡ
Сٶ̫ˣΨȻѹʵȴκβƾٶȣ˽Ѿڲ֮ˡ
ҳְΨһѣֻҪ΢ԼһٶȣΨĵʵȻش㡣
ţΣһҪûȥ
˿ս£һ˼Χġ
ЩҲܱģڳУͱһɹֱȥ
Щ˾Ȼ֣ɫŭŸ͵ȭͷռ䣬֮кױȵֱɨˡ
͡
ҵĳֹӰ˲Ѫ˳ȥش׷ɵȺɽ֮У㾫սû뵽֮УͬȺһ֮䣬ȻشѪɡ
˼ֺÿһγֶشˣһɫ塣⵱ҪҲɣֲ飬ȻǺҵ忴
˼Եǵȥˡ벻һ֮ӾȻҲȥ
ǱǸǿˣҲֻ͵͵ķȥһλֱӶɱ˰һλϴܻһλȫԼˣɱˣһԭҪǸո˵ҾͷҲеģǾĴ治ˣ㲻ʲôݣҪΪˡ
˼ԭΪǵìܲҡǼֺȻǲɵìܣ
ס֣ΨɫŤ˱һȭȭҷɣӿĵϣʮ
Ψŭˣ˿һĻզ࣬Ψȫĵ罭ӱһϯȥ
㱻˵סȻǣٶҲܵӰ졣Ψֻܵһ˿Ӱ죬ҲһƻͬɽӵԻһ
͡
һѪҺ³嵹ɳȥеĵתϢѹƷڵѪɫ԰ף̤֮䣬ѿһѺۡ
ǿʥӼ𺳣ΨĵԽֱ̫ͨ࣬һһءԾ𾳵˿壬Ψȴ㹻ѹ
ҵһˣ治ͬ졣һѪˮΨ˵ﵽĲΣұ֤ܱ١ʤң
ΨĶ㣬ҲȣһʵȻȫҲͨ𾳵ȴĺҲûܶơ
ҲǿĿֲΨ룬ҪﵽΣԼȲңѪ֮ʶǰơ
ûѾڲ֮ˡ֮£ܵǹƥɱ㡣Ψĵ˵ⲻӵıǮʱΪҵͲҵĶ֡
Ҳδأ˵
Ψ۾һѵ𾳵ʵʥӲɣ
һ˶Ŀת㣬ҪĻǾ޴ģ㲽ʥӵУһһȺˡ
ʥʲôŽϣͬ
ΨĺˣûбΪʥӣҪǷΪʥʥŮȨ޾ڼ֮¡ͷܱǸ߸ϵΪ֮Ĥݵĳƺ
ҪߵΣǾʹһվ𾳡Ŀ
Ծ֪˵֮䣬͵ϣӡ趯֮䣬ϵ𵴶޴Ľƣƹâ͸ʩչ似ӰеȫӡС
ƳֲûжƣֻǸ֮䣬ǧӰ趯Ĳͬ似˿Ĵ͡
ĽƣΨɫأڶͨ𣡾ҿıͨôǿ
ΨĲСӣͬʱ趯ҲʩչѧͨȻȲıͨվҲо裬Ա
ΨļʶһͰѵ۾ͷɣȻʱܱ۾ʵҲ㱾ͨǿ֮࣬һһ似棬͵Ҫֵ⣬似档
ʹǿͬΨҲûġ
֮࣡㵭˵ƻȥһжǡ˿һĻס˸Ǳ塣֪ͬʱ㱩ܱͨôǿ
ԵȴŹֵĿ㣬𺳣ȴ֪ıֻͨʩչͨ
ǿֲһоȻ͸似似ʲôͨ𣿡
ɻ󣬿ˡͨǲûбжϣϾͨΨҲûУΨľҪ㲻ࡣʩչռϷ磿Ȼǲܵģ
㣡ҳһ£ͨ׶ǿΨĴ󺰣ͨȥĽײһ
Ҫܷˣ
˵꣬һƻƳƺΨĵͨ棬ʱҡĩһ㣬ֻʣ߽Ĺâͬ
ֲɢ֮䣬ռڽѣȺɽس־޴ѺۣضҪѹСֲ龳漤䣬кȻ
סȫֱֱĶǰҪĽ棬׽Σ


932 ʥӼ
ͨ棬еעУϵķ𵴶֮ĵ⻯ƣһһ罭ӱ֮ˮ಻ϳ츲ΨĶȥ
ͬ𵴣಻ڵޱͨʩչ£ϻͨӭȥ
ɽӱرɫ
ֻ֮ʣŴϢ䡣ڵϣͨȻҪǿһӡ֤Ƶģĵ֮ӵ£ϢضҪݻ٣ǧΪء
ͨ辡һ㣬ϡֻʵޣӲѡǣϣˡΨĵĴдݿһ㱻ݻ٣ͨ£ݻ١
Ψĵͨͬ裬ǺȴԶԶԶȲ㣬֮ͨĵϣ㳹ѹռݵƣŨѡ
ֲЩ࣬㼸ȼ಻ĳ£Ҳ
ΨĿǶĵ࣬ͨٴαĵ൲˹ȥӰȴ˳ȥһƬӰʧԭء
İΨվ֮Ψվ֮ʱһӡǣưѴظѹʮףȺɽҡΡ˺Ȼޱȣ
ΨĿŸով֮ľ޴ӡҲ𺳡
Ǳͨ𣿾ҰȫǱҲܵס
Ҳ͵Ķɲӡվϴ͵ΨģоþòƽΨҪǲǱܿͨһҪشΨĸոʩչͨȻǿҲܰһȻͨ飬ͨĿֲΨİĵʩչþκε㡣
ʩչͨ㣬ȫԿʥӼ
˿ΨĶܿâһʧѣ¶Ŀ㣬ɫš
찡ôܣΨĺųҵһˣôܱһոմﵽ𾳵˱ˡ
̫˼ˣոʩչʲôƵģʮ㣬辡ԣȱͨ
ʲôпȱֱͨȫǰôģȻܰͨľȫʩչѲɣʱͽ˭ȫͳȫܰͨ辡ԡ
ܣҪȫܵͳȫͳʵ϶Ҳﵽ˵ͳ˵ĲΣܲ𾳡
ô£̫ͨǿˣֱϡΨĶܿâ޵а

۷׷ףɫĶ㣬ͨʩչ˵ľ磬޷ġ
˵𲢲㡣㿴Ψ˵κβҵġ
ΨĶ㣬㽻ֹ֪ͨǿΨĴʱĽҪԼҲܴʱӵһͨĻһ޵У
ҵԤϣΨĿ˵ͨһ֮޵У
޵в˵ǽֲڻ£㶢Ψ˵
ΨĶ˵ͨǿǿĿֲʩչΣ
Ψ֪Щһ㶼֣ͨĿֲǾͱ˵ͨˣʵҲˣԴʱʵʩչͨʮֳСԪŨʩչβڻ¡
Ҫ֪ԾͿˣ㿴ΨĹЦ
ڿգΨսʱӰȴǰֵס㣺㣬սˣҾͷǰҶ鷳
仰ɫһ漴˵ͷӰ趯ڿգȺɽ֮мȥ
˼Ҫӣһŭ䵲ǰ
㶢һˣҲ飬ֱۻӶ֮䣬ϣһشѪɳȥֺЩûеסһϢʱ䡣
ٶȷӵ£˲ûȺɽ֮С
˿ûȺɽ׷ȥȴΨסȥ׷ˣٶҶҪǸ׷ϡңСǻɱֵģ׷ϣҲֻⶾ֡
һ仰˲ʵĿ뿪ķ¶Թޡ
ΨİĿתˣǹ˵λ±ɱҪɱߣʮƷҩʥƷһʥıꡣ

һƬȻɴ۾ĿΨġ⽱Ƿģǣ˲⽱ҵıɱҪɱ֣
뵽ոֺ˺飬һ˼
λæ֮Ǽ壬˭ܰɱ㣬嶨Ȼл֡Ψ˵ȥŵĽ֮⣬Ȼλ
˿ʼؼ壬һϢбҪؼ塣

Ψİѻ֮˰˵ǿ߲սűһҲ̶õǿߣ˸̲ס̾˼ĺ
˶뵽Ψĵĸս֮Ψ뿪˵Ĳ״Ψ̲סһС湻ݵģ
Ψߣ仰ӵ̾һ̾һҪңҲôݡ
Ψһ㶣漴˵ͷϵӿս֮Уٶȿ硣
æһսٶҪ졣ΨĶ˵
˵ͷ֪ʱʱܱÿһӣЩ˾Σһ֣ȫŸսһ·ǰ
Ψģ˵ʱʵǿܲܿǣͻȻʵ
Ψͨߣս𾳣涥嶼塣ڴ汬սѾΪˡʥӼǲ࣬ĲϾﵽǵľ磬˵ѹǡСȻʵܿǡٶѾڲ֮ˣʥӣܱ֤ȫֻǣҪʥȴܡ
ЦʥӺ֮ѣܳΪʥʥŮ߼̣ҪһʥʥŮѡܲҲ
ţ㻹ľǣҪʩչͨĻȫԺʥ潻档Ҳ˵Ҫ淢ܿʥӵս
仰˴ͣз˾ξˣֽ֪Ψ˵Կʥӣ̲ס𾪡
ֻǣͨܺ޽Ƶʩչԡ
ΨĵĲ䣬˵ͷҲҪС㣬һصĺȱ˵Ѫ֮ﵽֵزͨ;Բֻǽʩչô򵥡ǰչֵֻе࣬ࡣǣԤУСӵͨԲֻΪ붼õ󡣡
ΨͬĬʲô˼ҪԦ֮Ǻε֮ﵽΣһһиУȡҲ
ǣȴֱȡͨ
Ψҡҡͷתͷ˵߰ɣؼɣһֻδȫ꣡
ͬЦǺ뵽ͻȻ֮һ뵽϶˾̲ס̾һ
һսսʥӡҲܹܵģǵͿˡּȻѾˣǾͼȥΨ˵


933 
Ҽ֮ӣƵǰߣΪһзҵϢͨϢ⡣ԽԽ֪ΪһŮˣϧɱеľͷɱеӷҡ
ȻϢлһ𺳵Ϣͨҵһʥضٵˡ⴫ԺܿϢͨʿеõȷϡҸۿΨһսˣǵĸ֮Ҳӡ֤ԡ
ϢͬХһһˣһ𶯡ľٶڴԴͨϻδ˵츳Ϊĳƺ
ȻҲֻһǱˣһ˿ȻңҴ˴ʧˣ
ٺ٣ϧˣҪ壬ΪҲְ
ڱƵûа취ˣ˺;ͷɱκһﶼܡ
ϧˣһȻңҪ˰ɡ
ҼҴҵ˵ںءٺ٣Ϸÿ֪Ҫôʰ㡣

ֻ֮䣬һϢĸΪΧҴ֡Ҫҵļ̶ˡƵڳ棬סĸ
ĸȻ̣ɵҲ֪㷸˴治飬еľͷɱģܴһǳ㷴ҵʵ
粨δƽֹһʵΨΪʥӣΪʥŮһֱδ䶨ʥʥŮ㷴֮䶨ǽʥʥŮʽ֮ĳΪȨƵһ
Ǵ̼ˣһֱŲʥʥŮû뵽˿ˡ
ҪǷң˭ʥӻ˵ʥ֮λˣ¸ˡ
԰˵һʼͲҳɳû顣ѹΪһŮˣֱӷˡ

ΪϧͬΪҿϧ
ɱɱͷ׸ߣʮƷҩʥһʥκһʥһεĽʥʥŮŵӦԷһڵ顣
ɱʱ⣬ǿΪ֮񡣱˵ʮƷҩʥʥջ˵סǿߵס
ʥضǲ֪ǺʥĴڣǵ۾ﶼеõĪĺôʥʥŮҲĪȨƣʱǵҲͨ죬ܵõǵһγŵǶһ
ջɢ޷ܶӶ񡣹УԴҲḻǲÿ˶ֵܷҪܽҵԴǾòˡ
񣬶ѰϢΪҲֻɱнṩϢҲܵõһݲ׵Ľ
Ȼ˱ɱͬʱǲʥʥŮҲ׷ɱ㡣
һΪϢ𶯵ʱҵĸʱŭʮ㣬ŭҵͷЩͷĸע£һΡΡͷҺ
ǰŮȻҪʥزԺһЩԺ
ߣҶʲô飬Ҫϣ㲻Ƕ˵ôȥߣҶôôᣬһûɱ㣿
ڨڨЦЦнп಻ѡѵôһɣʱõڴϢ֮Ҳޱȡǣȴֻôû뵽ǣԼһƲ˲˵ڻҪĸڡ
뵽ԼҲп˵һƺֲĲ䣬ڳ֣ȻҪǣƵѾˣҲ˵ܳУһӶˣѾʥˡ
Ȼп࣬ȴĸǰſ˵ܵҪĶࡣֻǳԸ׷ɱ
ĸڵ˼㿴ֻĸǰȥ鷳
ϼһҵȻȥˣԺһùҶҪǳˣԺҪˡ
ģ˴ġԺһͷ˵
˴⣿ĸͬβƵɱóôĽ˵˴⣬ѵǲ֪ҶҪô׷ɱ𣿺ߣǻ˵˴⣿
һ仰üͷ˵ΣֲǾģʲôãֶڲġڶ֪Ϊʲôء
ߣĸƺҲ֪Щ˷йûʲôãһż˵ʰǡ
˵֮ĸŻ뿪
ĸ뿪Щ˲һҪʲôʱ˺ˣһͱƳȥˣ
ˣ˭֪أưɣǵϷҪȥվԺƹüλԹ̶ܽӲΪ
Ϊһ㣬ֵôƵλ
ΣңҲֻǱƱƣڽΣںͼơ
ţôɣУϢҪ͸¶ȥˣ˵Щ˶ôţûİɣ
СӿƺܺݣǳЩ˿޾ȣȴܱһ
Сӵһ£ȻƵô΢Ҳίˡ
ǰȻԴͨ˵֮λҪġʱȴΨġʧȥ̫ˡ
ˣЩǸ̾ģȻᲹġǵˣ׷ɱȥÿѽһݣһҪ˶֪Թޡ
˵ͷȥˡΨЦΡ뿪Ժǰȥʥչˡԭʥʵܽȥģû뵽ĸܽˡ
²֪һ鶼һֲ߻ġҲ֪һȺ֪˻ڲ߻Ը㡣
ֻ֪ɱˣɱǵľͷϣԹмӣ˺޲ðж˿顣
һΨĺǰȥɱ㣬ȻԸ֮
Ҳֳһ飬ڽʥʥŮܵõԴ󣬾ʹǰȥΧɱ㡣

ڸ¥ǰڣ⵽ΪΣѵûΪҪ£ʱûвԹġܵĿѾˣδ̫ƫˡ
᫼żЦЦ˵ɴߣȿ־շǻŵϵһ仰ҶڴԶԶǿΨģΪʲôΨΪʥӣҲΪ㿼ǡʥӵλȻˣǾδ󺣰ɡǻۣӦܲ³ΪʲôôǶõı
üͷȻ²⵽᫵˼վˡ
ȥɣúԼѣҪʵҪһжҪʵ˵
̾һվû˵ʲô˵ͷȥֻ룬ʱôΧɱ


934 ⽣
ɱӰǾ޴ģǿ߱ǰȥΧ㡣
ʱԡѪ磬ɨ֮˺ɱ˲֪Ѿǵڶٲ߹һ·ϣ׷ɱֲһ·ȥɱȥġ
Ѫսϣв֪Ѿ˶ǿߡЩǿֶҲʩչ󷨵ģﾪ˵ģʵֲġΧɱߣǲмַ
СĿֲ似ɨ֮䣬ɱһѪ·ɱѪһ·ʮּң
ѪȵɱһΧɱ֮ٴλصߣԡѪ㣬ҲЩ𶯣һ·սԽսԽ¡ԭﵽ𾳲۵Ϣһ·ս쳣ۡ
Σʵ֢ҲһЩǾǶƿضȵȵȶδӦʩչ졣ͺñһֻһٹƽʱõҲֻһٹͻȻǣﵽٹӦ϶ҪһʱģϾ֮ǰͣһٹ״̬
ӵеӦıǡϾȲϱջ۵Ҫ㣬ǾҪĥˡ
ЩǰΧɱĥϣȫӦԼǵʵһЩ֢ʧһɶ
㣡Һ㵽ʲôȻ׷ɱ㣡˵һ·ѪսľѣͬʱҲʮֲҵҪʲô
ҲԸҳΪǵͬ⡣УҪߵ棬Լʲô¡ԣôһĻȻлƣЩٸ㡣
Ѿ㵽ȷϣҡҡͷδҲ̫һЩȫǼϷˡ˵׷ɱ㣬˿ȫҪΪء
ſѯʲôɫͱ˱䣬Ŀ⿴һ˵ˣ
ĺãЦսһõ򡣡
ĴЦɢȥһ
Ӻôİǿͨˣ߲ˣƿصͨߵıｻߡ
ڴЦУһȺ˻Ĵһ߳һʮˣÿһ߶ӿŵۣʵֲȻһǿӪΪ׵죬Ȼھ𾳡
Щ˰ԼΧλã۾һ˵ǻ濴ңӪ
Ȼ˵ܺΨһսȻ֪ǲģǲСˡΪ׵һ˶˵ӿǵΣҵıﱾûʲôȤߵıȴȤ
̤ǰһ˵ʲôͱס˵СһЩԷһλǿڿ
һһ·ѪɱǵһзҲǰ׷ɱһֱ㶼û֣±˾Ϊֻһˡʱе۾ǿߣֻվˡ
㿴ͷ˵ǾͷҰ㵲סЩ㵲סЩӪҪǻ󷨵Ļ൱ֲ
ͷ˵ս֪֮ˣ
һ·Ѫս֪ǿ˵Ҳûм˵ʲôɿ֡
ߵԷĶ棬һ˵һ·֮ϣѪսʩչ󷨣۷ɱġһѪȾ⣡ϣֵܼľһЩ
ģȻǲ֪ͬһ·Ѫɱ޵лûмʵôңȻ˲֪ߵŮǷǿߣȴ֪ԸӣȻʮʮİաԷʮưλá
ĵŶԷ˵ǿߣ
⽣飡
ԷĻشɫ˱䣬˲ϵʱ䣬Ȼ֪⽣ʲôˣЩ˲ǹˣȴС⽣ʮˣÿһʵﵽϣΪ׵ʵﵽͷɢУʮֻΪԷʵǿº
⽣ԴΪֻҪǿϵĶǾͻᡣÿ꣬ɱѪ׷ɱǡֻʮ¹Сģ嶼Χټ϶Էʵȷʵֲʮ
СһЩ⽣鴫ǽⶼɣʩչʵ˵
ͷǲ¶ԷɡԼҲͬɣҪ˭Ľֲ
ƾҲҴ⣿ۿŶԷҪǹңڣҪȻվѪڴˣ
ѪĻ˵ԴһͨҵȲţҪһ⽣ЦֳӿȻһĵ
潣˭Ĺ˭ֱһӣҲһ֮䣬ӿǵõһֻʱﵽֲΣҲˡ
ûгֵıֳֵ뵽񽣡ֻ⽣ȻڻԼ˯ӣЦá
ӦûвʥӦһлżʺԼıԼȻʱʵǶԷҪгֱԼûУսܳԴи̾ܺΨһս˶ûжñԵʡҪΨĶľƷԼ͸Ҫѹˡ
ڱһ飬Լżơ㽫ԼΨͬȲΣûгֱҪΨĵ˽֣Ѷȡ
ɣ⽫ǰһսǵѪҺ̳ǰ·㶢ŶԷг趯һۡ
֪
⽣ЦǵõһУ˲ǽɡʵԶͬǿߣǿֲ˵ֻ𾳵죬Ҳһ
⽣趯趯֮ȻнƵģͰԵĽ⴩͸ʮɵĽ⽻һ𣬽裬˹ȥ
ɺֲʮ£ܽɽӴأ㣬ܵĿռ䱻ʵķ飬ϵû롣
ɵĽûʲôµģҪ˵潣ȵҡҲֻ
˵֮䣬һɹɽ⣬⻯ģĽⲻǷâ¶ȴŹɹɱ͸ϯԷĽȥ
֮ϣʱһӰ֣ڽ棬һâ¶һֲ߽֮伤𵴣ֻʣ½Ű
ʩչĽͬɣ⽣һҲһ£ŹֵĿ㡣ɣɵĽԱ˵ǣǶͬɵ˵ȴûжˡ
ģСôܽɣ
˵һ䣬ָΪϵĳ
ͶԷ֮䣬Ҳв˱ﾪԦŸսһĻһ̲סʧ
⽣ȻҲˣ
һϣ⽣ȣ˵ҵĽϵıһˡ


935 һս
ɱ
ǿֱ߳׷ɱһ·Ѱ׷ɱͱһʱ򿴵㣬ﻹܴȻ㡣
ɰǧǿ߸Աֲȥ趯۳ض鲼Ŀ
˶ǿ⽣鹥㣬΢΢üͷҪְ㣬ȴֶԷǿһڿնһһȥ
ŭһһƴŷ򲨶ѿռ䶼ķ顣
һڿռеǿߣ˲䱻Ӱܿһ֮
ǿߣһưѶԷ㽣ϴ϶أһҪǵĽ⵽жǿܲɱè
ǣԷͷҲŭһȺͱһս˵㹻ϴ
˵֮䣬ɨ磬ݺݵ˹ȥһҪ̴ء
ҵǽʮ˶ǿɽΣɲһ˵֮䣬ֱ趯趯֮ռ䶼趯߷㣬ۼ
顭ƾһãͷΪ飡
ȳ֮䣬ߵķ͵Ļķ֮䣬۳һӰӰȥ趯֮дɱ⣬ֱԷɽȥ
Ӱ趯ĳͶԷӿĽ⽻һ˲ͰѶԷɵĽݻٵķ飬Ӱһ˦ĳͬشһֱֱĴ򵽶Էؿڣ˲ҽһѪɳȥѲ񷶼ҵѿһѷ졣
һһԺյľͷشɣ
˿һĻһʧѣĶŮǿ
ۿŵɳȥѪֹĽ˵ǻһҪ
ڶԷĻ£Ӱǰ¶𺳵Ŀ֪Ů˴ﵽ򣬺ǿȴҲû뵽ǿֵزֱǵԤϡȻﵽ򣬵ǱϾһ۾ԷȻֻһش֪Էǿ
ɨ˵һϰɣ
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ϣϴʲôʱܹӺƣһֺ֮ĳȥ
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Ȼִ࣬ÿһγ֣Ȼ˶ڿռ䡣
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㶨ȻҪԷŭ
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Էһǿߣ൱ʵӿ⼤䣬Ҫס㡣ǣ㳤ϣûһ˿Ļᣬͱ㶤ա
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һףһޣٴζԷʮּΪ֮ضѪһᴩʮԴԽŷ
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ȻΧɱˣһͬ黯ѪʱͬëȻ


936 ʥӼ
ǿ˵ԤϣǾܸطϣѡȴκβ㡣㳤֮䣬Ȼܰһ˸ϡ
ɱٴһ˱㶤֮󣬶ԷϵĵҲҪֱֱĶȥŵԱĿֲۺȻޱȣʹ㶼ҴâӰٵܿԱ
ڣһϣɱͨǵģһ߼㱻ԱĵƿԵЩǱ˵
仰£˺ϰٵǿͬʱ֣ſֲĹسȥУŽͰԵɨȥ
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ûᣡСӱΧˣǺɱˡһϲеҲ׳ȥҪ㶤СǿߵҲɱжȥ˹ȥ˷
㿴˵ͬʱɫҲ˱䣬ɱ֪ԶԼֿܵĳ̶ȣŶԷ˷ܵɫЦӿɱУһ㵱Ըǲɣ
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ɫ壬ԷӰĵ⣬кȻޱȡԷȻܹƻģ궼Ҫͬ涼ֵܵƬ̡

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˵ɷ𣡡
㲻ȴӷгŵ۷û뵽˫ֺʲУЩ˲䱬Ѫɢա
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ںս£Ķ̶֣ʱ䣬ңκͳ趯£һϣһ߱һԴᴩ֮иոΧ߶Ͷ̶̵ĺˣдž壬Ѫɫ
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̫ˣ˶㣬Ǵʱ֪ǵһʲôһ·ɱ㼸޵Сսڣʹнʮ˼ǳɰǧߣѾɱܡ
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ʲôʥӻҪǿ֣
Žʮȫ䣬ﻹս⡣ʮôǿ߶ֻȥɱġǿߣ˭佻棿ǰȫûƵġ
ʥӼﰡ½ٴγһλʥӼ
𾳿ʥӣô찡
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ոͨıͨǿĳԤϣ֮£ĻᶼûУ˲ͬɱ㴫棬ǣӲһ;ͨδֲ̫ˡ
ѹһ᲻ҪɱΪԼãֻҧɱˡ
ʥӼﰡ

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ǿֲģǴʥŮ۾ģʵҪԶһĵ۾ʹΧһս
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һҽУ㳤ϴŵĵ۴ݻһͷС

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ţɻ󣬲֪ʥӼλʲô塣ˣ͵ΨҪһս֤ûдﵽʥӼ̲סɻѵʥӼвͬѰ岻ɣ


937 
һçɽľ񷣬ɴִ˶¡֦ͬƣѲϡԴ䣬һ޴Ĺɽɸǡ
ĽҪŨ࣬ҪȻ֧Źɳ˵زɽһϿȣһ츣أһ츣ŨڸΪɵĴ£ǰﻯɾһ㣬ʮ౶
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ھԶһζ츣ǻҵģطĵ̣ĶŶԷ˵Եδ̫Եˡ
ԵΣëû룬ȻšߣⷽԲǧڣֻҪҰԵڲӦžͳˡ鷳߶Ŵ˵ҪǳҵȣѶ츣ؽ˵ǻﹶӲϢ
˵Σ춢ŶԷ˵طҪˣԵҪǸҪǵıˡ
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ֱֱĶŴ죬ҲòϡȺ˿ǿĳԤϣǺֶƲķǾͷ֮޵У
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һ仰ô۾͵ı֮ǰ̽ǿ߲٣¡ΨԵмֹ˼ɡΪһλ涥ǴԴһλ۾ǿߡ
Ǵ˼ɵģȻʱд棬ԼʵʥӼǣԷѾΪҪǶԷзĻǡ
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ǣܿһʹ촫ɫ䣺ҪθҶǣգԵһǧڣԵڽڡ
ȴÿ˵ĶУһɫŹ֣˭ôĿ



938 ʥӼ
ͰԵڵӲͬǣȴɫأֱֱĶգ¶ɵ֮ɫԭŶԷԲѵˣǵˣɫҲŹ
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㣡ֵܿ߳꣬ǾȲѡҲû뵽߳ľȻ㡣ңŮӾȻ򲨶߱ȫѹסˡ
ҲûдԵڵһˣЦеĿŴһЦִ겻벻гˣ
ЦһشİԱԼֵܶס̸γ
˵⣬ǹĿ˵λСǣ
ſڣ׼˵ʲôȴϣܣСӷԷϰˣҪ˵֪˵ʲôͳ
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Ŀɨһۣνύǿߵġ
˵Է˵ͳˣɫҲ˱䣬˵С󣬺αغһҪСԸڽãԸŵһܸ֪СΣ
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㣡Σ
Сһ˭ֶˣαһ֡
˵ʱһᴩĴŵǬŤתŤĴӼмһ£ıķ顣
߼ΪǧҫļȻ׵ıˣɫҲѪɫĿֲÿһ֦ķģ۽֮ҲҪޡǣȴɵˡûУһλʥӼҲ׵ƿ
ǣ˼ʥӼﰡ죬˼Ҳ޻˵ʲôѵǶǿʥӼ
뷨һһ˵ţǹ壬ҲԲһʥӼ
ܣһСС֯ôܳʥӼҹ壬һѾˡ
ţʵȴпġʥӼֲոմΪ˱ӲҳֶԸǣʱ룬ȫһ浹ɱЩԵǿߣͬһ㣬ʹеĴڶԷҲһѣ׾ܱɱĻᶼûС
˱ɱ¾ĺһѪɫܴ󺰣ӰʥӼҵȵĵۼãǲǸƥеģʥӼ棬˭ȥ


939 ɱ۾
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Է˶ûڵɱ£Եܵϼ١
ôͻȻôǿԺʹˡǴ趯㣬̲סСֲ̫ˣٶȸǿ쵽㣬ԭΪԼɱ˵ٶѾˣȴ˿Ǵ
̫뺷ˣɳδֲ̫ˡ
СӴҵӣѵҵõԴɣҪȻôͻȻɳֵز
ȫǱɱ˰澳жͬһ㡣˼
оͷĴͬǣͶԷ֮䣬ȵĿֲǣ˲ŵǣԷȫǸŮѹƣʩչεȷ֮ܣܱ׵ˡ
ŮҲֲЩְԷǵ۾ǿߣȻȫѹơ
찡ôһǲǼǰģҪ˵ĻҰ󲻾жǿǾ㿪Ҳѹ
۾ǿ߰ⶼǿһЩµȵĹˡŮֲ̫ˣͶʲôϵûп
ŵ۾ļ룬ⷽԲǧڣ̩ɽ㿪ɣҲû˸ɧš

˶˷ܲѣĿֱֱ˵Ĵ򶷣Ŀȡ
ԵɫҲž壬ﵽ۾ѾвˡȻδٴνһΣҲһĵ۾ܱġŮ˳ƿزûдﵽԲĵزȻǸղ۾á
ˣ֣ɱѹơԷûԲ󣬿ǷȺͿֲȴԶԶŮ£Ա⡣
ԷֲȵķȻֱ۾еʵ
ѵҲǴʥӼͻƵ۾Ĳɣ
뵽⣬ԵѪɫһСС֯ȻʥӼֱǳܿģ⵽ʲô֯ôôֲʥӼĵ۾С
о˼飬ʥӼǿûΪǿҪͻļ͸ѣ߳沽۾Ҫǧٱһ߳ͬҪǿ١Ĳ۾ŶʮҲȫѹƵĴ
ȥˣҪȻҪԵת˼ҪǶԷʥӼͻƶģں򶷸ûжȫȫʱ׶༪ˡ
Է⣬ӰҲԶߣȵĳķ𶯣ؾʣ¶ԷƵģת䣬һжڶԷ֮¡
˿ֲʽ֮󣬰ԵӰ䣬ԶߡСֲ̫֯Ըǡ
ҪߣҴӦЦͬϯأϯȥһжһ㣬ǺֱܿƿϯԷȥ
ɫ䣬屬ɹɹ֮䣬ܣ˲䱻ƿأһֻʣķƿķߵҪߣǿΣһ۾ִҪӵĻʥӼͻƵ۾ΣѵΪס𣿡
üͷԷ˵ĻҲﵽ˵۾ѾߡȻԼ˼ɱϾҲǼҪִҪߣǿҲ
ҪƿĹ뿪ʱһЦȴӿϣЦ˵ҪĻ㻹뿪ɣ
ǰһӰ¶һݱģڴԳۣǵ۾ʹΣҪɱ㣬֮ѡ
ŵǰ㣬ƷŷĲԵǶ£Ҫɱ
㣡˿ɫ䣬ǿҲܽ淨ǿ߰Ϊ򣿾ķУǵ߶ҪܵķѹƣȻͷ򽻷ȴܡԷһ£㲻Ҳˡ
ñ˾ȵǣƵ㵲ڶԷǰȴ˿ûеģ˵㣬ҵססһϢұɱ
ɫŹ֣Ůδ̫˰ɡֻһ氡뵲סһ۾Ҫ
ɫЦŵǰ㣺Ҳ뵲סң治֪ɱõһϢ𣿡
Ƶķѹ£а㳹ѹ˼
ЦЦƷʱĻӰֱֱ֣ĵ˹ȥ
ͨɫ˱䣬漴Ц㵱ͨ㲻ɣҵҪͨܲܵסҵķһ
˵꣬ķٴһӿֱȥĵһ
ԭΪķ֮׺ͨ𺳵ǣķûͬеĴݿʽɱԷԷʽסƬ̲ô
ɫ䣺
ԭΪ˲ܺɱ㣬ֱӶ֡ǣ˾ٲûЧ׷ɱŮ˺εȿֲ˷ѵʱöԷˡԼĶ֣Ҫٴαϣ׶༪١
ʲôʲôȻں󱲱һֲǿķֻܷ֮һ˹ȥִٵĹȵһһشѿһѷ죬ѪҺ͸
˿಻ĿҲɨվһԵϣֻǵסԷƬ̡ȴˡǺεʵԷǺεʵ
ȻܵסԷһֱ
С̫ˣӿֺ⣬ͬ˷ܡ
ҲŹֵĿ㣬ͨδֲ̫ˣͨѲʮɾ裿
첻⣬һ಻Ĺư۾Ƶ˾ԷҪƴһȴһѾᴩ壬۴ݻıƳ͵ǰ
ȻһѶԷȥ۾дãСҪ۳֮Ļõõⶫ
һͷɱǵ˶զĿƮȻߵŮ˿ͬŮȴֲҲ֪İ֡
лҲ˵
أû̫ĻȻĴһ䡣
Ҳ֪Ů󣬵л֮ͰĿ⿴㣺˴ҪˣɱûҶɡ
㷭˷ۣŴ˵ҪΪ˵Է۾˭ʤ˭ܻ˵

㲻ˣʼҲ㣬ֻͶȥһ޳ŵ
ʲôˣôںֹǧôѧĸûдﵽӵľ裬ԼΪһ˶ףӣ
̾һͬĿ˴һۣĿɨĶ츣ء
ʱҲ͵˵Ҳⶴ츣ʮʺϰڵأﲻֻŨивʺԴĶ츣Ҫ֮ǰڵסͱˣҲֲˡ
㾪ȣеǺˣȥʲôõطô춼˷ܡ


940 
ҵһ츣ȷʵȪصƾȻճۣɽȾʯնɣ񹤣ϵ´һõʥءȻȲϹ壬ȴҲǵܿȵġ
һǰȥö󷨵ĲҲһжˣڶĲϣҲﲻʲôæһ츣Ȼçķ˼룬ﵹǺ׾ͱȻ׺͡
ڶ츣صɽ֮ϣվһʯϣ΢˿Ʈȹŷ˿趯޳һͷɫĳȻ£ɽϣͬһŮһ㡣
󣬿ЩʧŮ˵ȱ˵ԸˣȴΪĶǡΪľ˵ģ궼Ϣ𶯡
ߵס֫֫ϸͣĳĸоϴܰ㡣
㻷סһܿ㽻С֣˶ţ˭ûڣһصİ΢ܰȴ͵ĻУƺԼ
崫ĵ˿˿ů΢紵΢΢⣬ůɢָоҲĿѵõܰ
һ˾ˣҲѵõİ֮󣬾սɷ۲٣ɱûƽϢǣŮˣоԼɷɢָȻӡͻ֮һֱδƽϢ꣬Ȼһų
ӵѵõľϵϢҲ
˵Ҳ밵ô˺ܾõƽϡ
㰡һû뵽ͻȻðôһ䣬һ˹վ߿ǡȻǿߣϾûжڴ½ǿ߶繷ĵط岻˱ˡοһأûжǿߣ²֪鷳
鷳ˣ֮ͨ㣬ͷѹļķ˿л
תӣ˫ˮֱֱĶ㣬ҡҡͷδ˵ʲô
޺ӣʮˣӼһֱƣԼ̫ŵɴ˿һˣ̲ס£մݺݵ߹ȥ
סƵҪƿ㣬Ƶһ룬ȴıסȵϢӿϣӲҲֹĲӣЩȺͷĻӦǡ
ɣҲ鶯ġһֱѹƣʱԽӿֲ
㻷Щ֣˳ȥһƬ󣬻Ҷϣܿ͵ѩ֮ϣգоеϽѹ㡣
𣡡
ѹ㲻ҶȴҲѹѩϣֶܸо
ҪȻ㣡ŭһ֪ۡһۺεǧġ糺췢̵ľգо˶ࡣ
ȻûĻסɽȥһϿȴźһݣѹϡ
ŻңҪ𣿡
ҪԭӦȴû뵽ԼѵԼ˧ֵزˡ
ޣշ̣û뵽Ȼ˼ֹĶȴ˵վӣѵҪܾ𣿡
ĵֵ֮һ̷ֱԭĶ˲ͣһ仰ס㣬ȵϢһ
̰ģܲµ֮󣬿ʼİӨ񣬰ͬźļ˿ΪһֿŵɢԸˣһһݣģ㲻оѪ׵ȣ֮ǰΣ˴ȴĶ
㶢ţŲ糺췭ͬƷĽ˼컡
ϸ֫˳»˳УȼһƬʪִ͵Ĳһ¡
Ҳû뵽Ȼ鶯ֵزΪѹ̫ãֱǾ仰ͷţ̵
һȥӸϣ˿ļǲֱ⡣
þòһѩҧ촽̫ɺޣ΢΢˶ȣϻ
ôˣ⣬˵ҪҰࣿ
㻹װɵһۣһ߿㡣쵰̫ɺˣȻˡ
ҧ촽˵촽ѹ˻ȣŭŮˣҪȻķ𣬵ʱԼĿ޶ûطˣֻѧϰǰҰοˡ
ۼĽԼҲ̲ס̧ȣΪ΢΢ǰ
𣡡
Թ˴󵨵Ķȣһȫ¶Ƥ£ɬͣҪסȴ͵ǰĶϡ

̲סһо˶Ҫᴩˣɫ糺Ļס㣬ٴ
Ļķɣϵ糺ԽԽŨɢ˵ĺΣʮˣЩѳֲסҪ緢Ͻס˼Ҫûˡ
˽ѾӼȵ֮룬õĶɬޱȣĸоȷʵѹƲסģҲɥʧǣŪ
ʱ߰ʱ
ⲻϵһ컣ͬҡ

Ȼйζûг׷ſſ֮󣬸оºͬûѹܳе֮С
һг䶨ؿڣĺһ۵Ըˣ
⽿޶˵̬˻޷Ů¶̬ɡ뵽⣬쳣㡣
ԸһΣҾͰ㵱ҵŮˡ㿴׵촽һڡŮ˲Ϊľ߽ԼģΪġˣ
ô˵΢΢һ֮漴֫һѣβɫͻ
ʼҲͣҪǺɫͻӵ˼ˣÿ˶Ҫɡ
㲻뿪ҾˣôܲڸһǣҪҲ֪ðɣ㿴˵
ɫЩ糺죬뵽֮ǰ㻹УͻȻò˼
ҪǶҲãҾһӶ㡣Ժ󣬾Ĳٴμ㣬档
ЦЦŮĳȣʱֻһ˲䣬ȴһӡ
û仰˼ɸյ׼ѯʵʱȴ㷭ϣٴη̲סһ



941 ʥҺ
߳һ̬ҲŤת㣬ȲųˣҲԸһ˵һɾµĸо
ԭֻΪֻǹϵãҲûв²⵽ֹϲһοӵʱڰŷ𶯡
̫ˡʵˣţ˰ŮҲ
̫⺷ˣŮӣҿһ۶оѹ󡣶Ȼ¡
ǻ쵰ŮӣȻˡ
һ̾ò˼飬Ƕ̾ȴģ
ͬ˼䣬̫Ĳˡһ˾Ȼôˡ˵ǶǰǳѣҲһҲǳλС㣬ԼʿС㡣
ϸʲôŮӶҪһ˰ռˡ
߷߲ƽﲻƽ󣬿ܣվʵ
Ȼз̰㣬֮Ϣȴô˷ܲѣС밵󣿡
ֱֱĶĵļ֪ٶǿߣҪǡοʥŮɾͶȻǷ
ʱԼҲ߳һͬ߳һϺΰһȺˣǰȻ
ãЦС򰵸󣬾Ͳˡ
ЦЦ˵ԱĲ࣬ҵǼλûǰ
췭˷˵ȫʱǻϽﰲٺˣǰȴվʺ£һҲǰϵģŵģǰѰ˶ŽšĿģһΪǱĵӣǰ洦ŴΪ׳Ұ󣡡
㵹ľҪӵĵطҪûһŴôԡţҲ˶ġ
ȻˣǴ˴žΪڰɣ֮λΡɱڵ˲٣Ҫǵĵ֪Ҫƣ϶ɱڣ˵˲˵ұҲ롣ҲзաҪҵºܿͻ뵽󡣡
ЦҪС㵣ٺòˣոһǲǸΣֻϾʵ㣬ϵС㵣Σһʧˡ
㣬ͷͷӦ
Ӧϲ漴˵ŵ۾ͷǰĶܼӿˡʱúΰ˴򣬱ضһϯ֮ء
½ģǧڶһҪ˵ǿԻ˿ΪҪռһϯ֮ǴžܲĲΡ
㣡ûȤȥһطͻȻ˵
ɻŴ˵ʲôط
ŷ壡
ŷ壿ŷһ壿÷壿壿ˣ
ȥŷˣ˵ûȤȥһС磬ҪһҲҪһ
֪Ҫʲô㿴ŴЦ
ԳɷҪ֮ꡣҪ۱˵򵥵ĶࡣǣҲҪϵġҪһֲϾʥҺ
˵ͷҪԼĵķ֣֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬵ҪʥҺĻԼ۳֮꣬ϸʣ˵۳С֮顣
Ҫ۳С֮飬Լӵһ۾ǿߡ۾ǺҪ㽫Ҫ򵥵Ķ࣬Ҳհǰ˺ˡ
ҵʱҪ۳ֻԴУҲûҵʥҺû뵽֪Ϣ
ʥҺһξһĳɹӰ˳ɣг֮ǹȡһҪǵõĻ¶ûʹãϾǰˡһʥҺֲһδѪȷ硣
ŷֲ̫ǵĶûʲô𣡡㶢Ŵ˵
ҡҡͷŷһҴ򣬵ɱڶʱҲǾŷ塣ҵӻûô󣡡
˼ǣɻĿŴ졣
ǰʱ򣬲СķһʥأоҪʥҺʱѾȡǱˡ˵ŷ߷߲ƽҪһΪƿʥط˲ƣҲСھŷμӾŷʢᣬǾŷˡ
仰㾪ȲѣˣԷôԿҲ֤Էǿ
ƺ֪ʲô˵һʥӼ
㵹һû뵽ʥӼѹִ춼ҪԿˣȻʥӼҪսȴǶ֣Ƕͨܿ⡣ǣ̫ͨҲһֱá
ʵֻ𾳣ʥսױȵٶȺ似Ҳֻܱ֤ܣҪ潻ĻҾͲʥӼĶˡ
ͷսʥѾܾˡʥӼһĴڣҪﵽ𾳵ǿԺ潻֣ʱȴǲ
Ҳ뵽㣬ʥӼҪսʤѣҪɱ͸ˡҪһ˳֣κβֲıУԡ
ҲʣҪıǰӽˡο֮дã
֣ûпΧɱ˵
ʱ˵ÿһʥӼǼ򵥵԰ܡҪɱԷѣһ˵ҪɱһʥӼҪʥӼΧСҲʥӼĿֲȻսʥӼϾ潻洦·磬㲻εʥӼҪɱԷʥҺкܴѡ
˵ͷ뵱ΨȻʤӵˣҪɱԷȴҲÿһʥӼǼ򵥵
ңʥӼ˵ɱɱġɱ˶Ȼŷ𶯡˵ÿһʥӼ̫ࡣ
㲻֪˵ʥӼʲô壬ȻǲµġҶʱ׷ɱɱ
ɱ˵ǲ£ɱˡЦô֪ɱڴˣȻ治սʥӼסȴѡ԰ɣ˱ﱻᣬվǲʵġ
ӦҲͷ˵ԭһȥһʧģոսС
ͷ˵ףǷģû˶ˡ
ĻȻţһʥŮĵ۾ֲȻڻ¡
֮ǰ˰Եڡ¶⣬˵ΣϴûֳʤһһΣ
ͷҲ֪ɱԵҲɱӺһЩ鷳Ǿɱɣ۾ˣǰԵڲΪǣ׾ɱˡڴʱ齨ҪԴõȰڵļӴ
ҲôģЦӰһߡ
˼λ֣֪Եˣ˶ࡣǣʥӼɱûе۾Ż׾٣


942 ŷ
ԵڱϾǧΪȻеĵ۾ɱȴſֲսŴƴʹʵսҲг
ԵڵûһʹĶ֣ϲҶдȴ쳣ֲʹУʩչ֮ͨ󣬲˶ԷĴ
һսǼҵģÿһŶǵĵƣĵʹ춼ѪЩСԵˡ
ֻʥӼϾʥӼǾܸ˲鷳վǳΧ
ƿԷЩ޵ֵ֮ǵһٸ˸ʹһ֮ڡԵڣǶǿ߱ɱ֮Ӵܡ
ЩͨӣʹȻûȤǰԵڵĿⷿеƷʹ춼ȥУҲ˲ٴŵ۵ļ֦ȻҲаԵڵĻ
ۼ֦ǺöЩ֦ô󱩶ֲʥӼ֮档
ʹ첻ЩѪҪϣͨҪѪˡ
Եһ𣬶ڷԲǧ𺳿֪һֱԵڶһߣһʵǳǣһӴȻһҹ߲֮ȫðź⡣ǵ֪͸ոƬй֮ԭܶҪˣ˲
ʲôЦ˼ԵڶʲôҪǣ˵Եŵ۾ǿߣȻ֪ǲģ֤Եڵǿھ͸ֲˡ
ԭΪ£һȫµ齨ڡΪڵǰڡһţĴŰԵڵԴԼżȻķ壬ȡԵڳΪԲǧߵơ
æĲɿʱʹȴ̤ǰŷ·̡
ŷڷУŷо壬ĽԷһ壬÷ǷϽġڱڶȴ壡
ȴžŷ壬嶼ڷŷУԷΪ󡣷壬ӵطĪ⣬ǷѪȻ֪١˸ȥǣ
ʹڴڹ򣬷ҲǺպĴ塣
ʹУ˸ո̤Уܸоķ򲨶Ũޱȡ
ѣŴ˵Сһ鶼Ϊˡǣĵطһ鶼ֻͼˡطŨ׺ֻҪ΢ٲܲġ
ͷҪȻܳΪ½ģԭĽҪŨ࣬ʺ͸Ҫ˵ˣΪŷأȻطҪúܶࡣ
ЦŵͷҲֻĵطǿߣͬʱ֧ǧԼǺǣޱߵǵԻˡ
زֻʺΪȵȵԵʣԴҲҪԶԶǿ𴦡ټǿ߱ټ򷱻ޱȡԶĽܱġ
ҲֻҪ̫ˡȱ˵ģǿһʺϵС綼ѡǣ⣬
ЦЦȷʵȴʺˣȴҪ۵ļ塣ļ嶼ֲԣʺÿһˡ
߰ɣȥŷķ緶㲻뵽һ񽣵ʱ򣬾ŷʥŮΪȻĽݵûᣬȴס˶Է
ҪǣʱǸЩϤȴ벻˭ġ
ȥŷ壬֪ܼܲǵʥŮͻȻŴ졣
һ仰ô㶣漴ƿڴСδ̫̰ˣѣľˣȻŷʥŮ⡣̵ģ̼ңҪǴ̼ңҵ˾ŷ͸߰⻰ųȥ㱻Χ

Ĵ죬̲סȥָԼǺ䴿һˣȻԼôԼô̰𣿺ο̺ҲˣԼҵġѻһŰ
һ˵ͼȤζˣƽϡ˴һۡ
ޣ춼Ҫ˼ˡ
߰ɣǰŷʶһ£ҪҵǸʥӼﾾ˵
˵£ŵͷݲǳֱŷȥҾȥ壬˲ȥʥŮСӱ˼ҡҪȻôĶ֪
ŭһһ㶼Ǳ˵ԼԼǱ˵ʱ


943 
˳ǣǾŷǣڷģޱȡǵ۹ĵ۶Ҫвų˽룬˶нף˴ʱ˳ǳΪҵģ̾˳С⾡ֻһǳأȴ֪Ŷǿˡ
һǳأҲ;ŷĴƿأҪȻ˳ǵ̾ͷ̸֣ι
ʹһ̾۵ĵȭݣҪ˵ȭݣ˵ǶĳȻжĵĲǽңǸԴ繦絤ҩַȵȡ
ȭݻޱȣĵطʱʱķ򶷡ÿδ򶷣ȻѪĵزҲֻҵĵط̾ǰ
㣡ʲôѪȻҵĵطüͷˣʲô
Ǻǣ𿴲Щ̾۵ĻҵأϲҪ˵Ϣͨþ˳
˵֮䣬ȡһɱ˲ˣджıҲ٣Ҳ֮ࡣ֣ʱӿŵ۵ϢûҵĵȭͻȻ
˵𺳿֪ó֮˲˵Ŀ⣬¶ȵĹâرע⵽ʱе̰ŨҲЩ
ЩĿӶֳֵĶڽ£˵ѯʴһϢܸ֮Ϣߣ
һ仰˻ȻʲôϢֵһ
СӣҪʲôϢ˵үү˵֪һñ뺷վߵǰ־Ҫȥץ
ɨ˶Էһָۣһ㣬ץ˲ըѿѪҺɢ俪Ѫζ
뺷ӱըֱۣڵɫ԰ףвϣŭ𣬱뺷Ӷһ˺ŸʲôСӵƤ£Ҫܡ
˼뺷ӷ쭣ҲЩͬĿű뺷ӣ뺷ʵǿȭȷʵպͷ´ֲ֪٣һ־ͻٵֱۣҪ˳ԵĹͷʣˡ
ԷĴ˲˹ȥȻŲ±뺷ӵͬ󺰵ôУһ֣ѵˡ
ܶ඼̰ȵˣĿ⿴㣬ԱŶԷȥ
СӣطûҲ¶ƣү͸һΡû¾͵͵ˡ
һͷЦ˹ȥ
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˵֮䣬Ӱ磬û뵽Χߵˣֺÿһ빥ˣ۶϶Էһֱۡ
ȭݲҽһ̶ֱۣʮϢʱ䣬⹥ʮˣȫ۶ֱۣȴû
ʵҲѧ˼ᡣЦһǴżֲмЩڵϴˣҲûٿһۡ
ϲҽеȺ˶Ŀ㣬ԭΪһȴû뵽˼ǹ
ĿɨˣЩԭ˶ʱ˺һԷ۶Щȭݵ˶ʮϢʵɲ⣬ҪǴʱ¶̰¶ԷɱԼ
Щ˾ηŵ˵ͷѽµĵȥֻҪṩһϢ˭ṩͰ˭˭һźɫףֳ˫һ꣬Ӣʵʥӡ
һ仰һ˾ȻҪҿʥӵֶǿܺʥӼнҲǿĿֲЦǾȻ˼Ҷ
ɨˣ˶ֻǶȴûһ˿ڵġ
˵㻰˭ֻҪṩϢ͸㵭˵һԾŶ
ı֤ҲûվȻ̾˻ûһ֪Щɨ漴˵Ƿģ˭ֻҪ֪ϢȭݣҪᣬҲҪһԼʵ
֪ʱҲҵõʵѹЩˡȴûУõǺ¡ʱõı֤ʱ˸Ͻվ
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㿴죬ͷ֪Է˵ˡ
ȥΣֱһӣڶԷУӡǲ˺Է
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ʹڶԷĴ·ȥ˸Ͻÿһ·вĽĿŰӡͬģһЩҲ¶˹ɫ͵͵ĸʹһߣʱ򻹲ǿᡣ
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˴ʱȴӿֵۣ˶ȥҪˣʱĵ۶ֱۡ
ԶһЩ˱𻤶ˣ˭ҪǸҴע⣬𲻽ɱ
һ仰ֹסŲһðź⣬ȴûһ˸׷ϡӶԷĵһĴߡǲ
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Ҫܴҵһжڻ£ҪҲ㵭˵
˷ģС˱ıûУǴϢ˳ûܱȵҵġ쳣ţԷ뿪УСҲһ֮ڣҳȻֻҪڷ˳ǡ
㾪ȵĿһӣû뵽Էģͷãٰﱾһæ𣿡
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ȻСôͨܲܰﱾ̽һ¹ڵۼϢŰ˵ҲҽҶ˼ʧôûټԼֻ취ˡֻ֪ǣҶ˼ŵۼϢȾӦôӵۼ
ۼȻӴεҲ֪ۼʲôˡüͷ漴˵СԿС˴δۼ
ͷ㾡ΪǣйڵۼϢ֪ң𲻻㡣
ӵͷ˷ģС˶
Ȼδ˵мĵģ˳ǵİͨҪǷ˳йڵۼϢаҳ
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ڰӵĴ£ܿһΰĽ˵ˣˣУҲ֪û
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ţѹᱦҪֻС֪ıԼԵûдʲô
˵ͷѿϵԼĵط֮ԷŶԷ뿪֮ŶŴ˵ȥʲôʥӼ˶Ϊ֮עĿ


944 Ī̩
ҪҵĿԣм򵥵ѯһ£˶Էλã簫˵ͽһֱû뿪
ʹİͶԷİңңԣеʦߺȣóһıȻⱦڱջȴáԣ㻹ǶӶûгġ
ʱĹȥɽвȡһУΪƻ˵ʣһҲǴ˴һѹ
ʦд򿪣һžӨ͸߲飬߲ŵӿ֣͸ʹʹԶԶţо·𾻻ƵģޱȣԴĸ˼֡
飡񾻻֮ãϣô׺ͣԴĸҪһĺƷӵһֱͻƵľ˲ͻơд򿪣λܸоĻԾˡֱȻȲʥͷʮ㣬ΪʵáӵⶫλͻҪʮһֱ̤ƿ׾̤ȥʹ׺͵á˴ͼۣλۣ
ʦһܣʹ춼ĿתƵϣⶫȷʵ棬ôԶܱӰ죬Ҫǰϣ°빦һ˷ıѹֶԷ˵ѹᱦˡ
ԷʥӼȻҪͻƵ棬ⱦһ֮ѹܵһ졣ﵽΣÿһ˿ܸıôİİͻƴļһɡ
һɶڱ˵ʲôǶ˵ˡ
Ȼⱦһ֣Էͳۣһɳ
ɳǷרûңÿһɳܿһƷļֵɳһּϡٵϣÿһСͬʺңҲˣΪڷ˳ǵĻҡ
ʹ쵽˷˳ɣȻòԴȡ˷ɳ˵ǲȱǮǼԷһھͶһɳ̲סզ࣬൱һƷȥΪⱦԷñǮ
뵽ԷеʥҺ־òʲôǶҪóж𶯡
һǧɳ֮ͨȻȻĿʼ̧ۡ
̧ۣ̲סĿ⿴㣬ԼֻȡǧɳѣСӾȻô󵨡ѵ֪ʱòɲȱĵطǾŷĲҵء
һӾͼǧɳòһ˭Ӽδ̫˰ɡ
ʦȴ˷ǻδ˼Ӽ۵ģãʮŰһɳûи߼۵ġ
һԷῪ˵Ĳȴˡ
ſڿӣ߶һ䣬֪ԷʥҺ֪Էڱصã¶Էˡ
ʥҺ飬öԷͻƵĳɹɣ˵ǺĳɹʣܴԷԲŹ
ɫ䣬һЩ׼۵˶ֹסˣǶڵİᡣ˭ǺεȲƴ֣һھǧļӡⲻǽǣǷɳһޱȵϣƽңһټҶѵáǣȴһ漴׳
˳ʲôʱһƴֵļһ
򣡡ԷȻŭ⣬һƸİᣬɫ˱䣬Ŀע⵽Էᣬƺֲ
ǾȵǣȿֲƲûĳۣɳ
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Էŷ򲨶Ȼһͷ˶⵹⣬ĵطûһͷôعء
ͷƲûöԷûջһֱӴӰгڿնֳɳ˭ҪҺͱ׷ɱĺǡ
ޱȣӶԷͷĻ˶ѣĿתˡһЩʶλˣ˲侪Ī̩ĻĪ̩ᣡ
찡Ȼôڷ尡Ī̩ʥӰ
ʥӰ޵һĴڣȻˡ
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˰Ŀ⿴ʮŰᣬЩͬ˭Ȼ˾ͷ֮޵еʥǿ
ԭΪԷվʮŰ֪Ѷˣû뵽ǣԷû֪ѶˣˬʵЦվ˵Ǻǣ𲻹Ǻ͸¿һЦѣȫֻǧɳ͸ҲȻø°ɡ湻ƴֵģɳ൱Ʒ渻С
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һ˭ԭ㣡ôϴûɱ㣬ˣĪ̩ЦſŴ˵
ЦҪб£͸ɱΣɱҡ
Ī̩ʲôʥӼ֮ͬ޵УںδǰԾ£ͷ￴ӡʱһ֪ðһ˵սһ
Ī̩ҪȥͻȻ
ˣĪ̩ЦĿ㣬Ҫˣ˶ϣӻû
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ϾǾŷĵ̣ΪĪ̩Ҳˣһѷɳ֮һߣĿֱֱĶ˵⳥ҵķɳ
˿żˣһۣðȻ޵еʥӼⲻ


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Ī̩˿ѹԼƣ籩ͬϼһ£˳ǵȺڣһĿĪ̩ᡣ
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ʥȻ۾ȴűͷĵλΪ˭ֻ֪Ҫ⡣ʥӼһܲ۾Զ
˭ȻʥӼĪ̩ӡ
ڵԽԽˣǲ֪ʥӵĿֲ𣿡
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˶ʹ죬дͬ顣ηĶĪ̩ᣬ¶ݺն֮ɫ˵ʥӼǸ߲ʵġ
վȥĪ̩ᶢˣǴɭɱ⣬˫֮䣬۹ɹɴǺӸʹȻһɱˡ
ҪǱߣﵽ涥壬¶ҪóѡǣʹǺεһġ
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˵꣬Ī̩˫趯趯֮𵴣ƸǶˡ
ֻĪ̩ĻҲֱֱĶŴ죺Ī̩˵ʲô˵찡ӵʥӼҪǼȵȶܱȵĪ̩ĻǲһʥӼ
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ģƽһѵüʱȴͬ޵еｻ֣Ҳ֪˭ʤһ
ʥӼｻ֣ҪֳʤѡǼˣðһĪʥӼ
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ݵʱȴֳֳᴩһ𣬽ᴩУֱֱĶźʹ򶷵Ī̩ᡣ
Ī̩ʥӼڴκβرûжõ£ȫ൱ֱֱĶŶԷƺоĹ͵ļ˼֡ǹӰ֮䣬۵£һӶϯȥǹͷֱԷҪȥ
Է˫趯趯֮䣬۳ǹӰȫס
㵹⣬벻һҲһʥӼĪ̩ЦӦúκβңҲκβ㡣Уעȥ
Ī̩ĴЦΪ̶̲ס֣Ҳδأ
˵ʱһһ裬羪һֲһâֱԷؿڶȥ
Ī̩ʹ콻֣סһδιⲻĪ̩ûйע㡣Լȣֻ֮ɫȴ䡣
ԭΪСӳʵҲޣǶԷһԤϣһȫᴩ⣬·ӡ֤һƵģһޡ
Ī̩ԭСϣڶԷ֪֮ˡҲұס칥Ҳ͵һ࣬ҪܿĹ
ֻСһҪ۵ģܱܿҪֱȴ㻮һĿУѪƮ䣬
Ī̩Ἰ䣬ŵĿԼֱϵһѪֱֱۣĶ㣬ɫŤ
ҲͣŵĿ㣺Ҳû뵽Էһܴ̳Ī̩һѪۡ
ȴҡͷ̾ϢһʥӼʥӼҪһɱѡʹŴǣԼ͵ϮδܳɹҪǱĴ涥壬һҪĪ̩ᣬֻһѪۡ
͵ϮҵСˡĪ̩ᶢ㡣
㲻֪Ļأ֪͵ϮˣұֱĪ̩ȥ㲻˵һʥӼκβأ
ĻһƬȻɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǲţѵҲʥӼ
찡˰ɡһᣬȻǣʥӼ


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Ī̩ʧƬ̣ϾЦΪ㵱ʥӼǴײ˲ɣ
Ī̩ۿ㣬ӿסӿѪҺȻҲʥӼܳһѾˣֻġ
ǲǣԹ֪֮˵꣬һٴɧޡ
һ죬Ī̩᲻Сӣ˫趯ۻӿһס㲢ûΪԷסһס֣˲任һУٴֱԷȥѸ١
ÿĽУ˼㹥磬һ̲סҲĪ̩ܵסҪǱߣ¾ҪԷһᴩˡ
Ī̩۾ҲһĹΪѸͣԼʮѹԷԶԼٶȴԶԼٶȣȻܺԼһս
ģðôǿ߳Ī̩ŭһеĹȴһƵܿһ
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۷׷״ʱ򣬴һǹǣĪ̩ʱһᴩ塣վȲ϶Է;Ī̩ᣬ˲㣬Ӱ
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ͨ࣡һһƻӰӰ似ž֮Ī̩ȥ
ƾˣб£㵲±һͨס
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Ī̩ῴһ߾䡣ԭΪ˶ԷͰȫˣû뵽ԷӵĿֲͨԶԶǿĪ̩ҧ촽ӿ˫趯ΪƷ˫趯֮䣬۳ͨһ𣬱޴ֱֱӭ㡣
ɣײǼҵģͬҫ۵Ĺâײ֮䣬ľҪǱǹĤס·˳ǶҪݴ롣
ƷͨĪ̩ԶȻһֻɵ֮Զɫżֲ԰ס
˻δӦһǹ˳ȥһǹ˰Ѵɱ֮ʩչһǹޱȣؾʣһǹķɧ˾Ŀһǹ缲۶


947 
һǹķɧأһǹҪᴩĪ̩ᣡĪ̩ᵲסͨϢδתʱ۾һǹѪɫһǹҪҪɣ
վҪڴˣһǹ˲Ī̩ǰ˶ëһסĿ⾪һǹ
ǹͷҪĪ̩ϣĪ̩һҧѪȼգ˫ǰͨٴαشĵۣǹ
һһһǹɧޣԶǶԷִ֮ȼվѪǿģһ̴شۣĴڶԷļϣѪɢա
ԷȼվѪȻûбܿһǹȼվѪȡʱ䣬ܿһǹ̵ҪԭҪĿڵһǹֻǴڼϣȻƲᣬ㱣סһ
һǹδɱĪ̩ᣬ첻ʣһǹٴκɨȥĪ̩ȴƷƷɢŵۣȻǵƷ͵ıը
ըֲڴԱʹҲ֮ܵӰܿԱĪ̩ᣬѪӿ͵Ѫȼ֮䣬˺ѿռ䣬ûռӴܡ
ʥӼʥӼ»ķӴܶߡ
ʹ쿴ûռʧĪ̩ᣬüͷ壬Ҳ˲˺ѿռ䣬ŶԷ׷ȥòشԷȻԸŶԷ뿪뵽˶õûס̲ס̾ʥӼ졣
ûռʧֻʣĪ̩Ѫյ䣬Ŵ۵Ѫ˶ĶһۣʥӼΧȻشĪ̩ӣƵĪ̩ԱȼվѪߡ
˭ֲ̫ˣ֣ϵң˵ĴɱֲĪ̩˶סһ˴һΡ
ǰʥӼڴ½ӦúպŶԣΪʲôδ
ѵŵʥӲɣ˳Ī̩Ӷشǿֲ
ǰոĪ̩һֻ룬ɻǱƳ˼ʥӼһֻӴܵĻ˸ɲ̫˺˾ȻشĪ̩ᡣ
ٶ̫ˣԭ˳ӴܵģȴҪȻʵѶ˺
Ī̩Ӵ˴Ҫ׶༪ˣٶ˿죬׷ɱش¡

һ۷׷ףʧһлǲƽʥӼʲôͬ޵УȻǿǿߡÿһ𶯣˳ǳһشһϢȥһ߶Ҫ𶯰ɡ
ҪǣĪ̩Ҫ䣬ǶĪ̩ʲôĪ̩嶼ɣʥӵ壬̫شˣ
뵽һʥӼ𶯣˶ëɹɺӽŵ𡣶ո˵ľٶȫҪĪ̩ء
Ī̩ӵ˶Էʲôƺɱ
ǸϽȥһĪ̩壬֮Ī̩Ϣ˵н
˻湻ݵģȻɱĪ̩ϣ

۷׷׵ʱʹȴ׷Ī̩ȥĪ̩ȻشΪ׷ɱѾˣѪȼգͬʱƷҲԱ
Ī̩ǿģΪһʥӼǼ򵥵ġûռ֮󣬾Ŭҿռı׷ķҪŵǬڿռĸ֪ﵽ˷˵ĵزҪ󵼡
ɾˣǱԷ˲ʱ䣬׷ʮֳ
ߣҵҪ㵽жپѪõġʹ첻׷ڿռд壬˶ԷȻʱ׷ϡ㵹ҲˣȼվѪֻԽԽأرʥӼľѪΪֵǮȼյĻҪָˡʵԽǿѪԽѻָ
ڿռд壬֪Խ˶೤ľ룬һռ䴩֮䡣˽ĵĪ̩
ģһô׷ôĪ̩ŭһ·䣬ԭΪԼĸܰˣȴɽĵʩչֶζá
뵽Ī̩Ҳ˼¾Կռƿشﵽ˵ĵزԲŵ¾þðѲ˶Է
ȥаĪ̩ῴżϵһǹоԼϵˣشʹޱȣȼվѪȥҲһ鷳
һҪ˦ǡĪ̩ҧ촽ɫ԰ףа˺޵˼¡зʥҺ뷨ʥҺȻ󣬿ֻ򲻵ѣϵԼܷ۾Ķ᲻÷
Ī̩ʵţԼᱻôң̫ǿˡرһֱֲͨҪһͨصơ
Ī̩޷⣬ôܱǰֱֲͨ˼ҪͨϾѪһܴˡ
ʲôͨδֲ̫ˡ
Ī̩˼ӿռ֮мû뵽·ɽ֮Уһû뵽ֲУܿʧټ
ʹܿͼڸոĪ̩վķ򣬿µֲ΢΢üǻҵطϢҪңҪ鷳Ķࡣ
춢·磬˵Ӳ˶ԶǴΧȥѵܷ첻ɣ
ͷ˼£ֲĸ֪ɨ˹ȥ
ͬɨֻոɨüͷֲ̫Ҫס״̬˵ӹǵ
쵣ģҡҡͷЦǹʿˣҪȻһܾ
˵ʱ𵴶弤Ӷȥܡ
ףϲֱֱĶ㣬û뵽һ֡
һΣӣϲ
ͷʹֿһһȥ
͡
ڶ£ǰǧ״ͻȻһ죬㼤ȥٵǸȻĪ̩ټ
Ī̩ɱһŭǹģСӻʲôŹܶˡ
Ī̩ᱻ·ֻɽ֮мȥɽеĵΰˡ
׷Է֣ӰŶԷ׷ȥٶȿ硣
Ҳӱ𴦼Ī̩׷ȥ
Ī̩ӣѶǷΣƱһУƲᣬҪȥȼôྫѪ»º֢
ⲻҪ㵣ģҪҪбȡĪ̩ŭ
ڤ粻飡һ˵ȡ㿴
ӰĪ̩ἤȥҪң׷϶Էǣ׷Ī̩ỹײľʱɫ͵һ䣬ء
Ī̩̤򣬾ȻαȺɽƶŤתԭƽ̹ĵΣ˲İ͹ƽɽƶ֮䣬һ۴нһƬ
ɽƱ䶯۵ۣÿֲĴ󡣡
ɫ˱䣬ȺɽΪ󣬿֪ԷֱʣʵӦ൱ֲ
뵽⣬ʹվ棬ãȻĪ̩ᴳ˱˵ĴУô
Ī̩ᱻʹûϲüѣʥҺУԴҶûô


948 
ɽãƹճۣӿƣյɽưĪ̩УеĪ̩Ҳɫ䣬ҪǹյĴ󱬷ĵ۳İĪ̩ƻش֮С
᫣ȴۣΪֱʲͰһ󷨸۶ɵġعճ˵ۣ²󷨸֣˵
˵ͷĿ⿴ڴ֮вĪ̩᣺ôʥҺҪ
Ī̩Ĵ˴ÿһζ󱩶˻ȥƾˣĪ̩ȫʢʱ򶼲ܴȥοʱˣ
ģӾͲŴ󡣡Ī̩ŭ˫趯ۣͻ񱩵һ
ɽ˲䶯һ㣬ڿնȥβɨغ¡ϣƾˣĺĪ̩شһĪ̩˲䱻ĵɳȥųһѪҺ
Ī̩ᣬԭ趯ɽƣʱҲعٴλعոյĴѹĪ̩ᣬĪ̩С
ǿĴݻĪ̩ʱ̬߳ҪǱѹˣܲסҪС
λǿµĴѵǴλǰĽزɣֹһЩصǿԼĵۣҪǲϲ˴ţͻ᲼´ˡ
㿴űеĪ̩ᣬ󺰵Ī̩ᣬʥҺ㱻˷ѿϧˡ
Ī̩ѪһѪĭǲǿƿ󣺡ߣҪҪͽȡ
ʹһۣĪ̩ӣҪǰʥҺ˵ǻܰҪִԲ򣬾аɡ
Ī̩Ц˵㵱²ɣҪУҲõʥҺ
һ仰üͷ̤ǰһߵǰĪ̩˵ȻǿɲǲơҪǰʥҺ˵ܰ󷨣֮Ӧòѡ
Ī̩ĻĬһʥӼǿǿҲһսˣҪһֵĻƿҲǲܡ
ҪʲôĪ̩֪ԷûбУ϶Լ޳ƿֱʵ
Ī̩ӲʥӼʹ졣ҪҪܼ򵥣ֻҪҪȥʥҺ齻ǾͰӳ󡣡Ц
Ī̩˼һסĴٿһۼϵǹˣҧҧ˵ǣ
ڳȴǻʲô취Ҫǵ˳ֶ֣֪Ҳ㶢ŶԷ˵
Ī̩ܳΪĪ̩ӣҲһϵƬ֮ʹԣⶫԽǣǽã
Ī̩ĴӦԤ֮УȻֵǮȴûֵǮѡעģŴ˵ͷŴ֮мȥ
СһЩ˵ҲڱסȻƿ֪ǲɱС
ͷûУʱоһĪѹƵϣѹѹжܵѹƣѹĪ̩Ӧôˬˡѹƣ˵Ī̩˵Ǽѹ
ʥҺĪ̩ߣֱ֡
Ī̩װʥҺƿɫ⣺ϣǱ滨СҪȻӾˣƴһĻҲǲܺù
Ī̩仰㵹ϣΪһʥӼȻشҪķĻҲҪͷޱȡҪǱץᣬһ˵汳Ҳ֡
˵˵ǱûʲôޣֻǵĶǡ˴죬Ǵ㣬ǳƽˡЦе˵
ߣĪ̩һȻĹ滮棬ﵽΡ˱ͬɱ˶ô׷µġο˱
ʱܺ㽲ΪԼöԷмֹ˼ɣͬƿҪһҪȻͳɱֱӰʥҺˡﻹϻ
أ֣ЦĿĪ̩ᡣ
Ī̩ɫ֪࣬ʱΪ⣬ֻ˳㣬򲻵ѣ˭ԸƴսҧȡŻıС
ЦƷһ£ȷԷûˣֶ֮ջͼС
Ī̩ӹһˣȻˣǾһƿˡֻϣĪ̩ҪȫʥӼҪȻҪƿѡ
ߣĪ̩ɫȻ֪仰ʲô˼ҪȼվѪһƴεĪ̩һѣѪȼնĻ̫ˡ
㱾Ȼ֪Ī̩ᾡ֪㲻⣬ȴòҪȻƲĴ۰׷ˡȻһԭǣ˾ԲôġҪûпǵ治Һǹ
ֵزˣҪʮɱԷİգ˭ᶯ֣Լʵ֤ܺǿĵزҲǱҪģʹȼվѪ
Ī̩ӿֵĿֲƣһ̶׵ס̲סһ䣬ЩʥӼȷʵ̬һģˣܱǵĶҲԼѡǶԵģҪȻҪɱԷ֪ʲôĴۡ
ʥӼȻÿһܶԸġ
һĿ⿴󣬴ǿֲģ͹ƽĵƹնɵҪƿƬ󣬾ǺһƬصĵΪСûдﵽ˵Ǻѵġ
ȻʹҲûܳƿƬʮֲֿҪȫƿҪ˲һظݻٲпܡʹʱ
Ȼ޷ƿֻ취һȻˡ˶㻹ĵģʥӼƿһ̫⡣
죡֣֣һƿߵһɽ𣬴ȥԴ캰
ףͷͨӿֲ֣ĵ۱ĵ֮䣬ķƣΪ֮𶯡ɴһ־ǿ
Ī̩˵һͨƿ󡣡
Ī̩ɫҲأ˵ͷʱȻ磬˫趯ֶ
ûöõ࣬õǾŵǬһģ֮ȻȲϵĿֲͬ졣
Ī̩ûжԴͨ΢΢üͷվû˵ʲôֻɫȴ˼֣
ʥӼʩչֻͨΪƿһֲ֪ͨˡ
ͬʱֲ֮䣬еһж˺ѣ󱬷ĵۣҲķ飬ߵĵһɽ𣬱ĺ飬˲һȱڣȱڲ󡣵ȱڳ֣Ī̩ᶼٵȱڱȥ硣
ûȱڣĪ̩ҲߵʱһƷڶֱֱͨĳĪ̩ȥ


949 ֲ
쵰㱬ͨĪ̩ѾûǸȱڡһҪǱУԻ֮УԼĽͰˡ
֪ûôġĪ̩;һѣȻбŭȴûлҡһҧ촽ѪȼձֲһһĪ̩ᣬĪ̩ٶѪȼ£һٵĴȱмܿĵ๥
ȱϣİȱںĴ˼֡мĪ̩ᣬɫ԰׵ĿֲϿԣϢҡһ˲ҪƵġȻûаĪ̩󡣿ǶԷǲҪȼվѪҲشش˿ڱһ
Ī̩ĶԼǺǵЦ˼Ϊ˵Ī̩ӲܸϳҶȱڣȱںһЩû뵽Ī̩ٶȾȻô졣Ұ׵ˡ
ͣĪ̩ܲαƵı飬뵽Լ㱻һ˵̲סһѪҺ³
ѽĪ̩ôˣҪҪһҽʿ˵ܰˡ㼫ΪĵĿĪ̩ᣬ˵
Ҫ߹Ī̩ϵľֳۣ˫ŭվסҪǰһƴԱҲҪȡ
Ī̩ǲʶģ𲻹ҪΪ˶ѡĪ̩Ӻαҵĺء̾Ҫվǰһ
Ī̩Ӽ㻹ˣֱҧ˵ҪٸǰȰеľƷԱʰ㡣֪ǵĶ֣ɱӣҲҪһЩۡ
˵ͬβƵĶĪ̩Ӻ𣿱ֻǿƺأһѡ㲻ҲˣȻҿ׶Ķѵ㲻֪ŽСɾ𣿡
ĻҲʵı۾СôôƤ
Ī̩۶㣬㻨Ҳ㿿һеĵ⣬ԱıԵ
õҪĶҲԸðպͶԷƴһƵĶԷƷԱǶȫˡ
㣡Ҫðʱˣ϶ãҪеʹʱԱҪûӵˣ춢㣬ɫ
ʼʾνʱ򣬸ոմķ򣬵ͻȻ䶯ڵ䶯֮䣬һڶڶתĴ߳һӰ
չڴˣû뵽ôƫƧĵطƿĴ뿪һ䲻𣬲֪ʱڴгһĴӴ߳Ϊ·ոձ䶯ĵٴλָƽ̹
ʹ͵ı˴ԲǼ򵥵ʱ֣˲Сӣ
Уϣǰԭ£ʹ칪˵һ䣬ɫ˵
ɨһۣ漴۾͵һףδ۾ȻƿĴ󣬵ǳҵԤˡ
һ۾Ϳ˵ʵʹëȻʵͬѰƽĵ۾ܿǵʵ
ǰˣ˷ѾŽƿǰ飡칪˵û˵ҪǸոʱû֣ôƵˡ
ƾƣչرţܾܲˣǶøһһˣ˵
һ仰ɫ˱䣬رĪ̩ᣬʱˡԷ仰ëȻ
ĿתƵϣϾһ⣬˵ӣվǰ˵ǰǸ֣Ըֲ֪֮ǰһȫֲҹϢ֪ǰܷ񲻼ƽң
һ仰ʹ͵Ǽ֪Ī̩Ҫ˵ʲôˡ
ĵͷУʹȻĪ̩˵ϣʥҺǰҪȤȫȡߡ
ף۾һĿֱֱĿʹ죬Ī̩ĿתƵʹϣ˺ѿռûоͼߡʹȻҪ׷𣬵ȴһӴưֻӵĿĪ̩뿪
ģдȴ޿κΡǰȴںԷ뿪Ҳû׷˲شĪ̩ᣬˡ
ʥҺͷߡ
仰ЦǰƭˣΪ˵ѻƭǰġ
ƭƭϢֲһǴﵽʥӼոǸǱ׷ɱɡʥӼһ㲻СΧһȻǶԷҪĶǶ϶ˡףѶɣͲƽǴҵ顣
Цǰδ̫ḻˣҪп϶ûⶫǵмǰҪĻ͸㡣ֻǰ˸ˣ¿ϵ
ȻϣʥҺⶫǺȤġ˵λǰѶóֱӶ֡
۾ܴӶԷϸоϤϢ͵ڻʹΪҶ˼ֵǸЩơ
ǰαͱˣҪóˣѵƷǰҪ𣿡˵
仰һԵĴЩûЦˣƷžļˡ
һͷҪ㣬ۻ軨ˡ˵ٸʮϢʱ䣬ٲóԼ֡
ˣư
ˣ΢΢üͷʵȻ˵ɲ˿Ϊ
طȻ˸֣ŭһȴ˼βӿϼһ
һðɣȻǰ֪ˣҲƭ㣬ȷʵʥҺֻⶫдã֪ǰܷһЩҡ
㣺ó
̾һȡƿ˵ҲգȻǰҪ׸ǰֻ֮ǰֻһ⡣
˵ƺģ㵭˵Ϊ˸Ӳģġ
һ˵һ˹ϵǳһǰϢЩ񡣲֪ǰʲôϵ
˵⣬˶ٽӵǰ֪ۼûУ
ɫ͵һ䣬Ŀ⿴㣬Щʧ񣺡ʶۼ
ܴ״Ŵ󺰣Ǵʱ֣
ϵϵǳȻ֪ոʲô˵ֵʱ򣬻ʮɵͨͱֱԷȥ
ɱڵͨɱƣֲɱҪ۳ɷ򣬿ֲضҪΪ֮ѡ㴫ҲҪͷۡ
ǣȴ֪ⲻһʱĵӿ֮趯
֮֮࣬࣬ߺһ𣡡
ͬʱ𵴶ֲ֮䣬ӿڣ㵥ʩչǿʹͨͬʱֲ졣
һǾصģ


950 ۼϢ
˱Ĵб޴ͬشһɨأֲֱ֮ȥ
ĵۼһʧȻʽɫҲ˱䣬͵ıֵȥ
ʹʩչʮɱҲ͵˺գ֮СľŵǬգѿռĻңͬʱ춪ڶ౦ѿǵϢ
м䣬Ƕһ˿ӣ԰ֶʩչ¡ʹӵоŵǬƿؿռ֮ͬûı֤ܸŶԷĸ֪
ﵽֵزֲ̫ˣһĶûСԲʧʱʩչǿʽֱӺԷȥӴܡ
˱ǿֲģڲϢֲҪһдݻ٣ǿֲģƬʧ񣬿ɻǺܿ֯ӭ˹ȥ죬أǿķ򱩶ͨԼͨײһ𣬰̺ͨķ飬ܿԲʮڣ
ҪʹﶨȻᾪǴﵽ۾һ¶׵סǶԷִ֮Ȼ˺ͨ
ɣԽͨĵ۾µȼ͡
ס˹𵴵գѾû˵ټˣüͷſռվû׷ȥ
Сӵǲǽƻֹһû뵽ᱻߡʵԭҪʰСֱ׾٣ȴʧˡ
Ҳգһ⣡ʥҺõһԺȴ˵ĵۼҪΪԷ˵͵ۼǳҲʧߡ
Сӵ֪Һ͵ۼŹϵģѵļʶһˣǵۼһɽˮ˺ܶ඼Ϊۼһʧʷˡô֪ģɻչزˣ鲻
ѵһۼˣ룬úܡһչؾʮ꣬ʮûۼҲ֡ҪȻСô֪ۼϢܸоۼһϢϤ
мֻǣֹ˼ʩչͨ
ڣֲıͨСӵм츳Ȼͬ޵𣬲Ұںһ𣬼еģзġѼѵСĸһĲɣɻ󣬾ò˼顣ôܺһˣ
ҲóˣҲգۼһ絼뿪Ҳʱȥˡֹ˼һ̤µĴ˲֮ǰʹΪ֮ľĴˣԭƽ̹ɽƣٴλָԭò
ɱȻСӣҪû´ĻӦɱڵĴ˰ɡû뵽ɱھȻд½ҪӿˣʥԤԻħͬ裬ˡĵͳˣһ֡ŲؾʥӼħͬװ
ֹǵȻҲԶʥӼ˵ͬʱˣƽǿһѡ
ħͬ裡ҪϹʱ𣿡һɫ࣬Ҳ֪ʲô

ʹһ·䣬·ϵҿռ֮˲һ˿и׷ʹһǣԷû׷
ڿռ֮д壬֪˶ãȶһģðıֲ̬̫ˣһ۾ܿǣʵԲֹ۾µ˵۾߲Ρ
ıԹͷ˵ӦǺ͵ۼйϵģҪȻʧƬ̣ǽ赽ߡ
ۼɻĿ㣬֪ۼʲôʶϢӽһϵǳ
쵹ǲԸţֻðһ仰ȷʵǿߣòš
һ˵ͷŴ˵ʵҲҶ˼Ҷ˼ǹϢΪϢǺҶ˼һ̴ʮֽӽҲǿĹ֣ʹǵ۹ʵ۽ֻǰһС
쵹һЩëȻǵ۹ʵۺǿҶ˼һӾȻֻУҲݶô󣿾Ȼǿ
Ҷ˼ô󣿡ɻ㡣
ҡҡͷҲֻ֪͵ۼйϵϵϢеۼϢ
Ҷ˼ǵۼȻ֪ۼʲôˣҲ֪нõۼ־ǿֲģҶ˼õ۾֮ϵǵۼʲô
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǣǣҶ˼أþǵۼǺ͵ۼзǳĹϵǾԲġ
ô˵첻ǸߵŮˣǸŮŮˡһ۶ܳУ
ѹһֱ㶼Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ôĻʱʵﲻʲô˵
ͷȻ֪ҲֻҽҲգȻҲǾ˳Ȼɡһطģ
ͷ˵ʥҺõˣҪģĶңʥҺѾܳΪһһˡڷԲǧڣǾԵߣܺҲܳΪߡ
Ȼ֪ʥҺļֵҪȻҲǿ߶Ϊ֮ˡ
ȱ۳֮飬ʵо˵
ţüޣÿһʥӼﶼͻƵıԵˣϾԪҪߵ۾ΣǺܼѡҪ۳֮飬ͻʥӼҲһս̫
ͻƣ۾Ŵһ
ҡҡͷ漴˵Ϊɣ۾ûôͻƵģʹеͳԽʥҺɡ⵹֮ϲˣҪǲ⣬һӦͻưɡ
һڣô˵ʥӼˣӦвٶڻ߳һֹҺǵȼ٣Ҫ߳һҪǾõĶ࣬ʱܺʥһսҪǽͻƣǡ
뵽⣬ʹҡҡͷȷʵӦþ֮۳ҪȻ޷ʥӼｻ֡
ȴһЩϣҪЩϣǿԳۡ㶢Ŵ˵
˵ط˳ǰɣ˳ŲٲϣҪģҷ˳ǹʱŰ彻ᡣڽ˵ԼҪĶ
ͷڴ鲢ԣأط˳ǻǣ
Ȼط˳ǰɣʱٿ˵
ʹٴŷ˳Ǽȥʹص˳ǱϳʱһһƬȻֻˣѵĪ̩ӱɱˣ
ɣĪ̩Ӻܱɱ
ܣôܱɱʥӼǰĪ̩ӲѣѵҪɱǣ˻ǲǴĪ̩Ѿˣ
찡½ҪӿˣʥӼﰡ
ˣһջڿջδã㿴ŵİӣ΢΢һ㶣֪ųƷ˳ǵİͨʲô
ʲô飿
ˣҪϢѾһЩˡ
ʲô㼤վɴ۾ĿŰӣеۼϢң


951 ͵
ʲôϢɫгһѷɳݸӡ
ӸϽллˣС˴Ӵ˵֮󣬾ŻѪĵ̽ŵõһϢ
˵ص㣡Щϲ
ˣӸϽ˵õϢڷ˳һȺŮӣһȺŮʮޡ֮ἰۼҪҵۼϢܸһЩ
һȺŮ̸۵ۼɻ
ӵͷ˵һջСģȻ̸ֻ۹һΣɻǱСˣȻ󴫵ҿС
̸ʲôʵ
СˣСֻǴ¥ʱ˳ġ֮ҲҶ̫áӻش
ͷٴȡٷɳӣסĸջ
ӸϽϸַ˵Ȼŵл뿪
ô쿴˵ԷȻ̸۵ۼ϶֪һЩۼϢ
ȲЩ˵˵һȺŮô͵㣡ЦûȤ
ޣĵĿһۣ⻹͵㣿
ҪǲϱһѾǣ˭͵ĸ֡Ц
ȾͱȣǾж쵹㡣
ʱ磬ȻȻ뵽ͼУͼѾݻʮ־ˣΪתͨԵʣСĵ۸ΪֲеķϢҲŨ౶һС磬һЩСкʵĻᣬǿԳ۳֮顣
СŨҲС硣СٵģҲĺںһʵСҲϵļǿʱС֮ǰǿʮֹСддֲ̣ѾʼɳСԳƷһжշɵĽš
Ҫǲɻӿ࣬ɳȥԳΪʥذĴڣ
ϸϸ̽磬ʱһĹȥһֱû磬˲࣬иɵת룬ǲҪץһЩȥһ̬
ͼʱѾˣϢΪ۵Եʣ
쿴Ľɼ̲סֹһѹֵԶͻȻ֮׷ˡ
Ѿҹˣʱȥǣ˵
˵ͷŴ˵͵㣬Ȼʱˡ
췭˷ۣ㻹浱Լȥ͵㲻ɣ
ãҲϻˣһһߣ˵꣬Ӱû뵽ҹʧҲһ׺ɫ·ûҹһ·ۡ
˵ٶʮ֮죬ܿ͵˰˵ĵطںҹ£ݶϡݶ׼ջˣȴµķ䴫Ҫȥ֮ĸۼˣʧǲ֮̽ĵ𣿡
ٹǾͻ˳ǣٵգ֮ĶԵۼдãζҪõ
֮ӦҲҪˣʱõ֮ľ͸аˡ
ʹݶܷ֮дʮ΢΢ĳ˸ʹ£ȴһЩԻȴ̲סһ
֮˵һַܴؼҪ֮ܰõصϿɡõ֮ĵˣɾҲܴﵽ֮ңǺġ
֮ģһַ࣬νʥĶֱ࣡һ֣Ȼǿ߻ᣬЩľͷ¶ᱻȻڷ˳ǣ
һۣ˶Էеľ֮ɫȡһ۾ǿ֮ͷ򣬽ش¯
ֶγɼѣһγɣв´۾ٽ£⵼Զŵڣֵ֮Ĳ˫ָ֮
֮Ķ𺳣㡣
һѹе𶯣Ŵʩչһͣ˾͸ݶǵĶԻ
̸һ󣬶Χ֮չżᵽۼǵĻҲһȺ˺͵ۼϵǳū͡
Ҷ˼ǲǵۼҪǵۼĻЩ˾ūˡ˵Ҷ˼ϲֻеۼϢли顣ˣҶ˼ǲǵۼȥ̽һ¡
뵽⣬ûջ֮Уתһ֮С
һ󷿼һŮӼƻһ֮Ϊ׵һ˵ˣҶȥɣĵ죬һа˵ٶ֣ǧ
ǣһŮӹҡҷ˳Ůӵķ䡣һȺŮɶʮֵ磬Ҳҡҷ֮䣬֣ʮջ
һŮߵһ䣬뷿Źȼ˷ĵƣʼ迪ϵȹȹ⿪ϻȥʱˣӨѩĨذǰıҲܿǰĹ޳ȫģʮԸˣ
ŮӰȹҵߵ֧ϣ׼̤ϴɫȴ͵һ䣺˭
ĺУ㻺߳޵Ůӣ´ŮӵĽӱѩǰƶȣǰԸ˵ŮӣͷЦǱϲĲˣɻûа˵ջ˲Ůԭţʱ֪治
ĻŮӵǷȡߵȹٴΰԼֻ֣Ŀת
ôĵӣҲɣŮۿ㣬ǱĵĿǰꡣ
ô㳤ôƯɻ𣿡ЦеĿŮ˵ӶȤô̱ӣǱǿһϧˣҪϾòˣҶ𣿡
Ů˲֪ɻϧЦһ˵㳤ʵһЩĵĺɫ·е¶̸ɻɡ
һ㶣ʼɻǿľǣ򻨴йƬҶմΪ˲ǳԹһξǲңȻһֱűӣֻס˧ˡ
˵ľʥľ磡޳ܵĲɻҲ˼ãŮӱĵĶ㡣
һ䣬û뵽Ů˻ðôһ
Щ߳ŭŮӱĵĿһ˵֮ǰҲһȺ˳ǵʱɧţмӵġﵹǺ㣬ȻɱĻ
ŮûпĴйǰ˺졣
˶ϰɣ˱֣Ůӿ˵
仰㶣ԼķԼȻԼ˶ϣһһ
һһβɻͱӣҪ˵ȥ뵽⣬ݺݵĶŮ˵ҪʶȤ͸ϽֺñүҪȻүҪִݻˡ
һ仰ŮӱģɨһۣŮͻȻֲƣ֮䣬ŵӿֳ֣˵֪Ǿ·
˵꣬ŮӾͺݺݵһĿºݺݵ˹ȥֺ


952 ң
һſ缲磬һžҪ߷ɣһҪʵ㶨ȻԺ󶼲˵ˡŮͬΪһ԰ˡ
ǣһž㻹ʮֵʱͻȻобĸоĶ͵Ķᣡ¶ĶŸһѱ
ôˣЦеĿŮˣƢͦζϲ
˭Ů˶㣬⣬ǲٶ֡ͳһҪϣ˵ʵɲ⡣һŻɻʵֻҪ˵ȥҪŮˣ֪ò绨Ů˻Զ͵ĴϣҪԼԳ𣿼ȰܻʮΣգ
˭ҪҪСӴ𲻴Ӧ̺ˣЦոһѣֻ壬ָв
㡭Ůŭ㣬糺һƬȴʮ㣬ﲻŹģ
ҪôŹҰ㼫ΪåĹЦֲŮĨһѣӵܵϷŮ˵ķ緶СѵҪҧĲɣ
ĻԽԽкܶҪе⣬ǶȻϹ㵱ӵ𣿡
ν˵̫Сˣ㵹̽һ£ͻҵķӡ𣿹аɣƺҲû˾ȵ㣬еԽүԽˬ
˵仰󣬸о泩ǰʱʱðôһ仰һʲôˣ׵еĶΪʲô˵޴ĻΪȷʵܣ
ѵǱʣֹһ
Ů˵֮󣬾Ͳ̽һ£Ȼ䴦һյĿռ䣬ҪȥѣͰзӡˡֻӡŮ˸Ǿ壬ӡоܿ˵ʵԶԶ
ôͨûУҪͨ˾ͺͱү˵ҪûͨͽаɡЦһ
㵽˭ŮĶ㣬ɫ¶⡣ʵȻŷͬѰݡ
ôûɻǱϾȻԼ˭ǲԼǲɻ
һɻʵﵽʵᡣҪʲôŮ˲ɵãȻмգҲֵøɻŮ˵Ҳֱֱ˵
Ҳֹ֪ܲһδ̫ʧ˰ɣԼɴȻסԼ͸¶ഺ˧ˣ˧ȻǴӹɢģ·ƥڵסġ
Ӿɻģƽӹ֬׷۱ûȤľǴ̼˵ǴŮ˲٣ҸʵӾϲƯġһ治ͬ졣ܺãܲ˵佱ʣ˷ܡ
ӺαƭˣȻ֮Ҳͬ֡۾ȴûƽӵ⣡һ·̫¶Ŀ⣬ӺǲһҪ˵ǲɻǶȻŵġȻˣӾͰĿ˵ɡŮȻҲһˣ޷Ҳ͵
̲סԼôʺɻ
Է˵Ҳû˼ˣһŮӣջжһŮϣȵסŮ˵Ů˵Ҳʵﵽ澳
ʹﵽ澳ԴǿˣҲֲ
㼸⣬ҪǻشĺãӾͷŹ㣬ҪǻصĲãӲĲɻһΡ
Ů˱ӡߵڴϣûпסɢ俪ѩ׵ķἡУȻķἡĻŮȫ紥磬͵ĽӲ
ǵôЦеĿŮˣ˺ȹȹѿĿӸ󣬴йŮɫ糺죬ҲȻȷ˲ǲɻ˱ϾˣҪȥѱ̵ס
ҪʲôŮ˸Ͻ˵
ͣ˺Էָ֣ĴŮϣЩ̣ʲô
Ůֱӻص
֣Ц˵ǲȤ佱˵֡ˣеŨ
Ҫ޵ңģֻҪңӲʲôڱӵƷһҪš˵
һҹŮӷ˺ŮˣƷ𣿡༥
߳ŭŮ޳ϺݺݵĨһѣ˿Ů˼
ڶ⣡ۼʲôϵ㿴Ŷ˵
Ů͵ı֪ۼ
ŮоȣһۼֻᵱĳĹ˻֪ʵģУȻ֪ϸġңԷҲǳŵۼģŮӾͱ񾭡
ô˵㿴ҧݵŮˡ
ȻԸѵۼϢһİˣ֪һǵѡۼϢغش󣬾Բй¶ȥ
ҪңҾҲ˵ġ㣬ɫ
ҡҡͷЦʱ򲢲£ˣرһŮˣֱ̫İ취ˣȷŲ𣿡
ɫ˱䣬ҧȴһ仰˵
һеˣҪòҪǲϣͱֱһЩľٶ˵ʱ򣬶Ŷظ
б¾ɱңĶ㣬¶⡣
ôˣôɱôа飿Ů˰ϲСǼѣشǣαغԼ𡣡̾һڶȹϣ͵һȹ˲䱻˺ѵķ顣
屩¶ʩչУ쳣ѩ֣رŵݣűζ
ǿ˵Ҳ룬ܳΪѵġҪִԲ򣬾ͱҲ
㶢ŶԽ߾磬뵽Ҷ˼Խдһֲ뾡õҶ˼ϢʹЩпҶ˼ˣҲ˲ôˣҲҪҳҶ˼
˵ҧݣĶ㡣
ֻҪһˣǵۼûж⣡ҪִˣҾֻʹһֶˡ˵ʱŶԷϵĨҲϣѩ̺죬ʮ־
˵ǲ˵㶢Ŷ˵ҪӿЦʹһѲɻǲѡ
㶢ȵҲȻǶģδ龰Ҳ£ҪҧԾȴûʱ˵ɵá
˵Ůҧݡ
Ҳ»ɽ֮צڶԷѩϣЩࣺ˵һξ㡣
㶢Ŷɫ


953 ۼ
Σ˵𣿡ָŮǰɫȻ
㶼֮ڳܲѹǵۼŮ
ͣеĶͷıӣڶϣЦͲ𣿱㣬ǵۼʲô
űӵԭ΢΢һЩҲ֪ۼ˳ʲôȺŮֻǵۼŮеȼ͵ģۼˡ
˵ʵҪȻӲ㶪ȥغܶ˻ȤŶ
ɫ԰ף˵ʵǵۼһչˣۼҵȸ޷ӽƽۼҲʥУʥزЩܽȥġڵۼУκһ˶ҪǿҲΪٵۼݲ󣬲Żɳ顣
ĶŶ˵ѵӣ𶯡漶˶ǵۼȼ͵ˣǵۼö
ۼʵ
ǲ֪ǳʱֱӴӵۼͳ޷ȷۼλáʹҡͷ
ۼжˣ
˲࣡һȺˣҲң
ĻشĬۼȷʵ٣Ű˶ѣκһҶҪͬģÿһǾӢۼȻֻаˣȴСӡ
ûۼ㶢ŶȫҪԷû˵ѡ
ûмǸ˵ۼ
ǴгҲ֪ȥ·ʱλȥʵ
ֻҪֻӦǻصۼش
ǵ֮ģŶ˵ǵۼҪʲô֪𣿡
Ҳ֪Ļܣһֶ֪˵
һ֪ЩͷˣŮ˸Ͳ֪ʲôȥһЩģһЩò
ǵۼǴСڵۼǺŻȥģ㶢Ŷ˵Ҫ˵㲻֪ҪȻҲá
ҽۼʱ䣬ۼڵۼδԶСش
һ仰ɫ˱䣬ȷ˵ۼҶ˼ۼ˭Ҷ˼͵ۼʲôϵΪʲôеۼϢ
ǵۼû쳣鷢
ҡͷܿһЩʲôϽ˵ֻһ쳣飬һǰۼһλˣҵһμۼ͡λֱӽ˵ۼĺģڵۼһ£һ֮뿪ڿ뿪֮һֱĵۼһȴڵۼŭҪ˵쳣ֻһ쳣
ˣʲôˣʲôʵ
һЩͣʱȼ䣬Ű׷
𶯣ǵڻʹΪҶ˼ͷȥۼʲôҶ˼ĺ͵ۼйϵˣ
֪𣿡Ŷ
֪󣬲ܽӴģӴǵۼ֣λֻ֪һЩϢλҪ֡ش𣬶˵쳣ϸҲˣλȤȻ϶ȥִ̽ϢǺεҪǸȥýɱܵ衣
֪ʲô⣬ֳֵҶѡ㿴Ŷ˵
ʶҲΣݺݵ˵ûҾҪɱ㣡ߣո˵ĶģͿҲȥˣڵۼҲ֪Ķ϶ǶĶࡣҪϢֿ϶֪
㲻㵣ģ㶢Ŷ˵һ⣡֮Ĵʱ˭УҪ˭жߣ
ڣ˵
ͣһû뵽ۼ򵽽ˡʮǧ֮кպһڣйȡ׼ǧ֮Ĵ˵һ˸ǵšû뵽ۼȻԡ
ǵе˵һ䣬˵ͺݺݵһöԴȥ
ζŷȥ߳ȥʱ򣬶һŮӡŮӼһӴõķ߳Ҳ΢΢һ㶡ϾͷӦ׼ڴ󺰡
ɾ׼󺰵ʱһѾĲϣ͸ұ죡
Ůʶı죬׼뿪ʱһȴ͵һУоջˡ
㶨ȻһȥһſôӿջһͣͿ㽣ָŮӣ̲סһһȺŮӶ
㽣ָŮӣɫһ䣬Ϊһ˺ȵſļ
һЦĻȻͷŹ
˵꣬ŽһŮӣΣӰ漤ߡ
ߣΪ׵ŮӼҪ뿪ŭһۻ㼤ȥ
ŮȻʵֲһգֱ󱳣Ҳ㲻òܿһӰȥ̤һƬա
סͣ£Ů˺һһȺŮӰΧ롣
һʱ򣬴Ц˹㣬δ̫˰ɣȻɻˣĲɻҲˣ
ڴ˵ʱһȺŮɫȴ˱䡣ɻģûнá
ãʹûгѵ
뵽⣬һ۶㣬ðɱ⣺
ɨһȺһ˵ǻȥչ˶ɣǵζ治ԽңԽģ
һ仰һ˸ɫ䣬ԸǺ϶Ƿ񷴿ԷģǱĥġ
ޣҪѪҽã
ԷЦʰҰɡʵĲ
˵ʱ䣬һָָ˳ȥסһŮ˱ĵɳȥ
һЦ˵λӽ̫ͲˡǵҪغôţ
˵ʱӰԶߣٶȿ硣
ԷΪŮӺһ䣬۸ȥ
оȲѣû뵽Ů˾ȻһĹֱ趯ŵǬסĹӰߣλˣ
˵꣬˺ʹһʧںҹСһȺŮҪ׷ȴûټ
ÿٶȣǿʵ𺳣ʲôˣȻôǿǴ㶼ס
Ϊ׵Ů˿뿪ķҧȴ޿κΣһƽϢһ飬ڶŮ˵ȥλôˣ
˵ͷϽ伤ȥ
Ϊ׵Ĵ߽ȥŶȫ㱻ӸţɫѿΪ⿪밲ο䣬ȴֶٵһٶȿĸܵˡ
Ϊ״Ȼɻ󣬵Ķļ˵ģһǸ׵ļһ֮أ
Ļһ


954 Ĺ
ڷ˳ϴһħ򡣳ƺΪħΪ̫ң˳ۣ̾һжԹᵽϴȥö֮ϴͷչҵءƬ򼸺ûйأÿ򶷲ʮͬħ֮Ƶģ
ܹŹֵǣǷ˳ĵط˳ɽ׵ˣϲȥᶼȥȥ
һεϷ֮󣬶һȺ˾ڷ˳ֵʹˡǣҵ
ʱת۾ţʹ˳ϵġħ򡯣ƬǻޱȣʱʱԿɱˣ򶷸ʤǿʳ쾡¡
ʹʹ죬Ҳǰ鷳ġְֻһﵽܵ߶ȥ֮󣬾Ҳûǰǵ鷳
ǷģҵҪĶ֮ԴȻѰ߰˰ˡ
׻ѾʼˣҪҪȥ㡣
ȻҪȥЦҪʶһ£ħųҵĽôģ
ħĻԶʹԤƣǴﵽĿĵʱѾ֪жٴˣΪһԲϣΪҪԷħˣмֱµģÿһѱĽҲ˶ɢѪζ
ʹһ·ֲǰ򶷵ˣһ·Žȥ
㣡һȺŮˣ㵽ɽ˺ĽᣬͻȻָһ˵㶨ۿȥǶһȺŮˣһȺŮ¶˪ż߲ǰȥϷ߱ȻЩŮ˶ԵϷǵ˷е¡
ͬĿһȺ߱ˣ治ǸǵĴҲû뵽ϷһΣ˺
ƺע⵽ʹһŮתͷʹݺݵĺʲôŲҲ߱
һʹȥرϢǲҲǶԼŭЦλСδ̫ԵˣǴ˻֦չǸ˿𣿲ҲҪ飬ֻǿһۣûȤһȺ֪ѧŮˮǣӿϲɣ
͡ӵĻ̲סһС治ûȺŮ˳ֶôܶһ߱ǵʵˡǣܷŹ㣿
Ϊһֱֱ㣬ٶͬ磬ŵ֮
ߣ˾Ȼǿٴߣ޵һŮҲﵽ棬̲ס
Сӹζǳδ̫һЩ˵ʱ򣬳̽ǰԷһסһֻץס߹һţ㱻Уˡ
ſңʹѲƣԼа档
ܻۣĸݡ
һڽüױԷסɫ˱䣬Ȼմﵽ棬Է׾پסǶԷʵ𶬼ߵľԲһ㡣
ſһڽóƱ
һײĻУö֣ʹȴ֫ĨһѣһȺҷҲκαӣɣӶЩѧûʲôȤԺٱǰһЩ
˵ְ꣬ѻеĶ˳ȥǰһѣ࣬ҧݶ㣬޲ðʬΡ
һŮ̲סһ㻹δ֣һһŵۺϣȻĶƬʧС
һԭ׼ֵһŮֹס׼ĶһһƷ״ݻ٣Էʵɲ⡣Ϊ׵ŮȻ㡣
춢һŮӣɱͬһѡ
һȺŮɫ䣬ҧҧݣվҺʹ콻֣Ǳ⣬ġߣ
Ϊ׵ŮӷһݻһŮ뿪
ʹԷһۣһȺŮ˿˵Ӧûδ֡Ҳ˵֮Ļδˡ
ȻûǾͺúõĹһ⽻ᣬ˵ҵһЩöЦ˵СӵϷŮ˵ֶεǺ졣
ЦĿȴһ򣬸ոպһȺŮӽʱͿһȤĶֱֱ߹ȥһͷҰסһǰվ
źǻңһҵͷԵʮǡǰ棬ȴһɫƷɫƷ棬ͺûʲôǴ쿴֮ȴüͷҪɫƷȥδͱֵס
ҪôҪôǲơ
ɫһ䣬ɱҲðˣһδ̫ˣ뵽ʲôطƽϢһ顣
ⶫɳ߱Ľ˵
һ仰ò˹ŹֵĿ㣬СԴ˰ɣⲻһѣﶼû˿һֵۡǮڷ˳ǣµȵĶˡȻ÷ɱȥ
ԭһİܼӣֹһǵ̯Ѿˣû˶һۡ
ʶⶫ̧ͷĿ⿴㣬еż־棬Ｘˣûʶȴû뵽һЩߵľȻһꡣ
ӵĻҲɻĶһۣѵɣѵԼˣǾʹ뷨ʲôЦһôóʲôñ
ûпӦǰĹǰɣ㿴˵һԵƷĹʺҡ
Ĺǣʲôһۣʮֲ⡣ֻдɫ˱䣬ͬĶ´
Ĺ˵Ǽ֮ģǴﵽ۾߽ϵͷȻǿ߹ͷǿĸã¹ͷͷʱ㲻ĹǣҪȻ֮׵磬𣬱ؼѹִϾͷпܳΪĹǡϵĸ߽׵۾٣µİĹǲԭ򡣰ĹǵγҪʱȱһɣ
Ķγ֮ǿҪԶԶǿǿ߹ͷһȻûжɱѲϣȻõĻϣС֮Ϳֲ
ӲĿһۣĵƽ۾ⶫʵĿȴ벻һСС꿴ˡ
ЦЦҪǵұһ¸֪ʶҲܿΪĹǵľ趼ͷˣʮͺͺɡ
ΣΣ㶢˵Ҫʲô취ȡ
ӵ˵ֻҪһҩݣȴⶫҶҪþƷʥҲҪУͰⶫ㣬ҪûУ͹
ӵĻһ˿δ̫˰ɡҩİⶫѰ嶼ΪȻھҪΨ˻ڲĺ


955 ˹
Ӷ˵۳ţֱֱĶ˵Եҩ𣿡
㿴һǰİĹǣʮ֮࣬һҩѾ㹻ˣ˵㻹ռһЩˡرҪֶһֱΪ֮飬˳ƷⶫһжˣҲ˶εñƷ֮ļϡ
ԣҲһϵˣͷҩȡڹʿĹѨõģʮ꣬ǲԷһꡣ
ҩĳҩɢСЩҩݳҲӵĺáһδҩݣó֮һȵĶУҪոһ涼Ϸ͹ˡ
ҩƳȥǰ˵ⰵĹǱˣ
ӿŰĹҲһЩҩݣ˫֮ǰ޹ҲâûְǰİĹǾУһƬ棬ȥܸоĵۡ
һƷͣϲ⣬ӦҪԵҩдãҪȻ
ǣӹ֣ͬʱһܳȵĶѵСһЩ
ҩݲӾ˵ˡô˻Ķӣһ߾ͻ˳ˡȻҲܣһж޹ˡ
Ǿ׼뿪ʱһЦ͵Ĵ˹벻ﻹаĹⶫûаλֻ̨һҩݻģǲ̫һЩ껻ȡΣ
һһӰǰһз˵ۣӢüĿ㡣
˹ӣ˿ųֵӣһѣ˹Ӷνᾪˡ
ǴԷ˹ڱչͻƴѵͻˣ
˹Ƿ˳֮ӣȻʥӼȴʥӼ̫Զͷʥᣬһܣһǿ˰
˹ӾȻҲǿѲ˵İĹĺͷ
˾ѣֱֱĿŷ˹ӣȡ
üͷŵǰüͷ˵ÿ
Ǻǣλ̨αŭԸĶ˹ЦеĿеĹǣҪⶫͳ֮Σ
ϲֻ֮ϲ˳֮㿴ŶԷ˵˵һ飬ÿ
̨ôƢͬͬûϵⶫҪ򣬳ļǮߣ»ԸģԲԣ˹Ŀ⿴ӡ
ɨһۣ漴˵Ȼ˭ļǮߣȻ˭
Цǲǻûи״ѾҩĸˣһֽǮһֽû˵ⰵĹѾҵĶˡΪбҪǷϻ𣿡
˵꣬׼뿪
ô˵˼ҲѵҪǿȡɣ˹ЦеĿ㣬дζ֮ɫñȡˡɲҪƱӡ
һĪЦͬǰһˣȻ˳ߵļǮѵҪߵˣ
Ϣʱ䣬Ҫǲ𲻽
ôĿ˹ӴЦڷ˳ô꣬û˸Ҷô˵̨ҪǷ˳ǡ
˶Ŀ㣬ѣС̫ǿˡڷ˳ǾȻҺͷ˹˵˵̣˹ӵʵҲǵܿȵġ
Ҫߣסģվǰһ˵ǰľͷгҪȻҺΣ
˹һ㶣漴Ц𿰱ʥӣҪסǺѣ
ȴЦһһ۷˹˵¼Ҳ˵һʥӡΪڼʥʥӵ壬ġȻֻǲһǴȴ֮𡣽ĳɾ֮ͣͬʥӾʥӣʥǾ֮ģ츳ǿʥٽӽվȲʥӡһǸ߸һķˣҲÿݣ
˹ŭеۡȻʵʥ̫࣬ȴòϣԼʥ֮ȴǧġʥӼŷǷ壬żһĶ壬߸ϲɳԽ
Ͽʥʵһ˲ûУв١ЩʥǰĶѣǣʥӣʵαƽʥӣֻҪûʥݣǾҶԶɲ˺컨
ô߳ŭˣЦɣǰһʥӣƵģ
ΪɱڵͳˣȻɱڵʥӡ㣬˵Լ׷ɱȻ֪ǲģ͹ҵɡڴ쿴ȻʥӣȴԶʤʥӡ
ʥӶҪһ·Լһһӡ߳ġˣûеõϿΣ㲻ʥΣ߳Լĵˣ
ʥ壬Ͼ˺ܶˣ
ȴΪ仰ĿŴ죬˹ȴü㵱ôƭ𣿷ԲڵʥӼﱾӶʶȴûмǡ
ʱҲЩͷˣĿ⿴ӣҲӦðѰĹǽ
ҡͷֻ˭ļǮߣҪóһҩݣⶫġ
ЦѾ̸ˣΪԷֶЭȻҲ˼ǱҲͲÿˡǷ˳ǵħɱ᲻ʱ𣿱һҩݲֵø㡣˵ʱ䣬һץ˹ȥ
ԭԼһ׵ץӣǣԷȻܿٶ֮Ԥϡ
ããԭһ֣Цǿˡ
ɨһ˵ҲΪУǱҡ
ҪǺȻΪСһ
ɨһƬ򣬵˵ҪڱأȻˣħ򣬸ⶫֺα⣿㲻ͬˣҪҩݡ
˵ĺãǾ¼УҲӵĻٴһ˹ȥ
˹ʱҲЦӰһǰҪԣȰѰĹǽ
˹˵֮䣬һƵס㣬ֲȣԽͨ涥̫ࡣ
˿ŷ˹ӳ֣һҲ˷˹ӺǿǺȴʥӼ˭Ķ֣СӾȻҺͷ˹ǲ֪
ҲգҪ̷˹ӵĸУ֪ѷ˹Ӵ·˳ǵһӵ̳ôԸ⿴һĻɫһֱӺ˳ȥ
Щ⣬ʹǷ˳һһˣҲ޾壬ϴΧĪ̩ûڷ˳Ǵͷһξ÷˹ԼĵʯҪԳƿʥӼķ˹ӱ̳˳˻һ̬


956 
Ī̩Ӷشʲô˻Ľ֣ҲŭҪʥӼҲˣֻһ֮ӣǵĵλԶȻҲ鷳
ĻòĿ͵ĿˣĪ̩ӱشϢڷ˳Ǵˣǲÿһ˶ʶʹ졣ʱô˵ǶΪ֮Ծѡ
شĪ̩ӣ˶ʥӼѹֶԷ˹ˡ
ԭΪ˹ʰˣȴû뵽ߵ壬⵱ʥӼ˹ӾԲǶ֡
˹۾ҲһĿֱֱĶˣӳԭ׼Ī̩һսģû뵽ȻǴߡȻˣһսҪʤңⶫӾøΣ
ûзϻһֱ˹Ӷȥܽˣ˵ʲôûãſ²
ûʱ棬ھͰʰˡʮһʮ㡣
֪㻹Ҫ׷һȺŮӴҶ˼飬Ҳ׼ֺһְѷ˹ӽˡǾڴ׼ֵʱͻȻ䵽ǰһһܹƽҲ뿴ҵʵ˥˵ʲôˣܲܺʥһս
ӻ֮䣬ֲһƺ˳ȥʯ쾪֮һİѴ
Ϣ֮ǰǵ۾ǿߣ챻ԷסкǾȣɴ۾ĿӡоȻֻɷѾһ㣬õıáôˡ
Ļ˶ĿӣôӲһ۾۾ǺһߣڹҲžĵλһͷܳΪ۾ˣһǺպǣһǽ壬ͷ֮ǰһ۾
㵹м쿴ϸԷҲ⣬Ŵ˵겻ʥӼ֣ڿӷ䵽涥壬ܲܺʥһս
˵֮䣬ֱ趯һֱӿ֮֮Ϊ֮𺳣аĨһ亹ոҺûжĶҪȻôĶ֪
쵲סԷһɫͬءԷǴӵ۾ģ޷ȫƿط򣬵ǳ֮ȻȻĴŷϢȲԼ֮ԲСӣ
ʥӼȻųͬ޵УߣԾﵽ۾ͬ޵оҪۿˣ
ͬȣѹָոտ͸˵ʵԭǵ۾챻Էסһŷ˹˵㵱סҾκβ㲻ɣ
˵֮䣬ŵǬйҶ˼Ϣ㣬Ըͽ̫ã֮һ־ǿֲŵǬ⣬ֲɨĻһۼ
˹ɫ˷ܣͬ趯űסһĹʮһɢĹüͷ㹥ȻƿֲȴʥӼԶҲֻǲһʵ޷ʥӼȡ
һ羪裬һ⣬ֱԷҪȥû˵˵ʥӼԸ㹻ˡ
˵֮䣬ܽӿͿռ֮ϼϼۼȴ̺ɱ⣬ɱɢռ䶼ͬУı顣
ֲ÷˹ɫ˱䣬ǿƵڱϣ֮ӭȥһܰ򱬣㴹µĵ۽һ𣬾
ֲȵİ飬ʹ˳ǷĤҲ¡
վȲ϶ԷʹžŵǬ֮Ǳĵ֮Զ
ӵǺ棬ʵôܶԸĪ̩ѵĪ̩ʵûг˹дЦڱ˿ǿȴʥӺԶ
ԷЦҲ⣬ֳٴӭȥ͸ոȣĹ࣬ٶȿ磬Ȳ϶Էٶ£Ҳ÷˹ɫ˱䡣
趯߲Ӱϣٶ÷˹͵Ĵ˾𶯡ԭΪ㲻ˣڶԷ಻Ľƹ£ֲ֪ʲôֲĲĽٶȣٶԶԶĹơ
ѹֿԺʥӼһսˣƾٶȣʹڲ֮ˡ˹Ӷ㣬żЦΣٶκε˱ˣκε𣿡
˹˵꣬Ӱ͵ıֱͻȻӰ죡
ڷ˹ӵĺ֮УߵӰ˷ڷ˷֮䣬˹Ӱ趯ȼճܴ𣬴ӶٶһܵѹƣԭӰһȫ˺ѡ
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˹Ӵ𣬴֮ڿնٴλˣҪڷİƵģޱȣΧת治ϵıȥ
͡յ죬ķӰ鲼ռܣһ󣬴ɢϢѹ£ռ͵Ťתתٶܵѹƣ˲١
ڱǰԸ˵ֶθá˹ߣӰž棬ϵĳ㡣
ɫ˱䣬ȻǾŷеľǿֲٶȶܵѹƣȥҪ˹Ӹʰˡ
ԼûΨаܣûڸλʥаܣڷ˹УҪЦҵĴˡ
뵽⣬ӡ˳ȥռ䶯趯֮䣬ɣڿհķӰ֮У򣬳𵴵Ӱɿֲʱȴ˿壬ӡ׵㶯˲ӿ͵ŷӰ˹ȥ
֮УƿҲﵽ˾˵ĵزĥ£Ӱĥ
򣿡˹ɫҲ˱䣬б趯Хһ˲гɣ֮仯һƬȵĻ𺣣ͬȼյ̫ľ˵
ơ˹ʩչоŭʼѿһѷ졣
ѿһѷҲ֣ԷΪŷ˳֮ӣҪ𾳵Ʋˣͱʰˡ
Ŷɣ򣡡
㿴ŶԷҪ֮һϵĵ۳ڵ۳֮䣬ۻûɽӣɽ𵴣žԵϢгĲɱ棬ɽӻûɹŶŷ˹ӸǶȥ
򱻷˹ƿͷȴһŶ£ƴ䣬Ƴأãȴǿޱȣÿһ˵顣
֮ɢѹϢΣŶȣƹӣϯİ˺ϣҪ綼ѹ
ÿֲͨ
춼̲סĿʶͨѾ𺳡ǣһ㱩ͨ𺳡ͨҲ˶١
СôͨҶ˿ֲĲΣֹһ˹ӡ
˹Ӵʱɫ䣬ѹµĹŶҪӴܡȴŶ÷˹̲סһɫ԰˼֡
˶һĻһҲޱȣֱֱĶŷ˹ӡ



957 Ѫħ
Ŷѹ£һжĥ𣬷˹ߵķ춼ʧŶڷ˹ͷоԼҪѹŶֲ֮÷˹ӺȻޱȣ
˹ӵͨʱҲ˳ֱŶȥС˹ŶŶѹȻͨѹס綳һգô
ֻĹŶʱҲƬ̣Ƭʱ䣬˹Ӽ˳ȥ
ԷӳȥɫЦһش˹ӣһֱעһľɫһ䣬ӰҲ˲öԸӣմһۼһƬӰֱֱһȥ
˹ԭΪӲһȴû뵽ԷͻȻ뿪µ̲סһʱĹŶҲըһ޴ĢƳȥڹŶը±ѣ˹ӱͨҲѿѷУ춯صľҫͬյĹâΪ֮ʧ
˹ӿһĻֱֱĿµһƬӰȷʵԤϡҪǶԷͻȻ֣ԼҪش
ÿֲͨ˹𺳣ȻʵԶԶǣͨʩչԼмܲסһֲڽͨ£ʵȣӦǳԽʥӣ
˹Ķ㣬еɻΪʲôһˡ
ʱ㣬ȴϵŮһȺԱߣһȺŮ⵽ΧΧǵһȺźֳѪǿߣЩǿʵÿһﵽ棬ֲֺһжҪһȺŮӵ
㻹ҪǵõҶ˼ϢȻɱŮӣŶϾҪѪסһȥ
ҪסһѪѪԶеҪ޷㿪ֻĿѪҪᴩĺ
ڶĿѪ幫ֵʱһͻȻУץסѪݺݵһѪһѪɱߣһߵǰѪڵϡ
㣿žľȻǸոڴϵϷԼӣ΢΢üͷ
ЦСӣӵϷһλкôģܾ
˵˲䣬֣ĺ˱ĵɳȥ
֣ΪһȺŮӵסգԭռϷĺ˶Ҳŭ⣺˭ǲҪµĺãǻ
㶢ŶԷ˵ǲܣֻЩ˱ã֮ǰɱá
ɱɱˣ˵㡣һѪ͵Ĺ˹ŵޱȣҪ㳹׵ĸ˺ѡ
㿴ŶԷıָ㶯һۼ׵֮ԷѪϣѪŤǿڵء
ʵҲԸ𣡹㿴һ˺һȺСӱסˣҪɱȱõԼҪĶ֮ɱ
һȺԭ㻤סǻмָм仰ЩûһѪҺ³ԭСĲǺˣ
Ϊɱ㣿˵Ŀ⿴򶬼˵
ΪʲôҪ㣿ŭ㡣
Ҳ룬һƳڶƨϣԲƨʮֵԣȴһ
Ҫ֪ʶȤĸ߱ҪȻͬһʰ㡣ݺݵ˵һȺòŮΣǵֶû֣֪ǵֻδڷ˳ǡ
Ѿ˺ȺŮԼʱ䣬δǰ϶ʲôˡ
㣿ɴ۾еĺʮ㣬ǵˡ
һȺŮʱҲ׹ŭ㣬޲Ѫ
ҪңôҲǡԣҹĨѻ׬˵ģҪȻƨ£˵
ֻǶѣҧ˵ҲŹġ
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ľٲҪߣ۾һҪ˻ô
ƶԸǣҲסδ˳ǣԷ֮˳ǵϢǼٵģֻǰѡٵĻش
ֱסˣɫһ䣬ҪϢһҪ֪
Ŷ
ҡҡͷҲ֪Ҫǡ
㿴򶬼ָŵĺˣ̤ǰһһȺ˵˵ɣ
»ʶȤЩ˲ܻסģĴУ㻤סںΪУ㶨֮ءĶ㡣
һ᲻֮ز֪֪ڲ˵Ļ֮أ˵֮䣬Ӱֳһ磬ֱֱİһ˸һǵĶͷѪ˳Ž
һɱԼͬ飬ɫ
˵꣬һȺ˸ԱֲƴĹֺ
ǣһȺ˵ȵ㣬ʱһ·ɱ¾Ե˱ǿ񱩶ˣ¡Щ֣㳤֮䣬˲˶
һȺŮӿĽƣһɫ䡣ˣҪȻһӰȫɱˡ
˵һһ˺
ҧ촽ȴ˵״Ҳϻһֱɨ˹ȥԴѪѪζҺǷ˳ҵĵطҶԴҲֲ֡
ֽһ֮ٴһһǰʵ˵ҪȻ
ԶҪѶԸʹܵвԷȻɲڡ
һһˣѯͬ⣬ÿһҧݡȻÿһɶԷԴ
Ȼһںɫ԰׿־壬ȴûһ˰ҪĴ˵
һҺƴˣһ˼ѾͬԴڴ󺰵
ڴ֮䣬͵㱬ײ
ءЩԶеҪݣȻֱӳԱԱֲֲ״Ҳɫ䣬ңʩչ£Ա
ԼңΣҪǱĻ˵ҪԷˡ
µ˼ͬԱӰԶ䣬Ҫߣ
ܲ˵ģһָ㶯׵缤ֱֱĺӴܵ߶ȥ
׵ĺ£òסĹǵﵲס㱩֮ףѪأһȻĿ㡣
ʵ
شĺ˶һۣһ͵ҧͷԶȻɱ
㿴һĻҲ㶣ð˺⣺ʲôˣͬʿһȻηΪһܡҪˡ
ʲô֪𣿡Ŷ
˵ͷѪħ壡
ʲô壿ɫ䣬ѹֶԷԼôݣҪģ㲻ʲôˡǻжԼݵİ취


958 ػߵ۾
Ѫħڵ˶ѡɱ̾һĿ⿴򶬼һ˵ֵϢǵһ㶼֪
ֽõϢǶԷ֮ĵᡣѪħڸոյõϢ֪Ҫ֮ĴֻǻӣΪǰһΪ׵Ů˵
üͷԼòҵһЩϢѵ˲ɡŮ˼üͷ˵
ʲô͵תͷŮӡ
ŮȻԸֵϢ뵽ҪѪħƵĻǻܾȳһμǵʱѹȡ
ѹֱԿѯʵ
ѹȾ룬ڷ˳ǵ棬ŲޡҵΪɽͬ״
Ů˵꣬Ӱųⷽߡͱһ˵ǰ棺һδֳʤٴ򡣡
վڶķ˹ӣɫ࣬ŭһ֣
ĺȳ÷˹ɫ˱䣬ڷ˳ǺʱִܹȻˣǱӽվͰ
˹ӲոУٴ㹥
ʱûȤͷ˹Ӵˣ˹ӼܿгһԵҩݣŲסӺһҩݣҪҪס֡
ӿеҩݣðȹâԭĹҲ͵ֹͣ
ۿŶԷָָŷ˹˵Ҫܰſ£ⶫ͸㡣
ŭһҩݶô֮ǰֻ˵סֵķ˹ӣ˷һҩҲνҶ˼ϢԶЩֵǮ
ΣҪǲҪ㶢˵
Ҫն˵ȻҲһϵˣ
ſȻ㡣㶢˵
ã͵ŷ˹ӼȥְԵֲϢӿֱɨ˹Ӷȥ
ڳ䵽ߣʵϢˣ
ûУҪȥһѹȣܲܵõϢŴ˵Ȱλ˹Ӵſ£ҪȻҪֵġ
ͷͬʱӿȥ
˹ɫ䣬ӰܿӴ󺰵ºαذǣѾӦҩݻĹǡ
˵ԷҲҩݣܿȴδ֪˵ǷΪġʵĶ࣬ԸȶԸɶˡͬȱ£Ȼ㡣ҪǸҩݣҵǿԿǡ
쵰˹ŭһڵѪҲ˵ʵϳΧס
ҩݣΡߣڷ˳ǻ˶۸ҲɣĹҪˣⶫľòϣӾŹ˹Ӻȵĵӿһס㣬ӱˡ
ⶫ˱֣ûʲôˡһһٴι˹ȥֶΰѷ˹Ӵſ¡
˹ǿûʵǿΧ£ĽڽںˣѪŭ˳ǵػߺڣﱾӣ
˹ӵĺŷ˹ӵ𶯣ҲľѣĿ⿴͵Ťգ֮У߳һŻɫзͼۡ
˿λֳػꪵߣһڣ˳ǵػˣͷ
˹Ӵʱʲôˣͷﶼˡ
˹еĵλгˣȻδܳʥӣͷ˵и߲Уˡ
鷳ˡͷܱ˹ãǻܵס˹ӣ

˾ѣֳ߳ɭޱȳꪵߡ
Ѷ뿪ҪȻͲҪˡ˹Ӷ㣬¶һ⡣ˣֱֱ㣬Ĺ˳ǣ
ô˳ǻ᲻ɣ㶢ŷ˹ӡ
᲻ڣֻҷ˳Źأκζ˷˳ǣҷ˳޽׵ȨⶫҩҪˡ˹Ӷ˵
ѾϣⶫҪҪˡ㶢ŷ˹˵
ȻˣǾͱֱӶǿˡ˹Ӷ˵ӵҪûеֵ
㵱Һɣ㶢ŷ˹ӣۿ˳ػߡ
˹ӹЦ쳹ӻδսġ
һվʶһ£Ҳöô˲𡣡
Ļ˶Ŀﵽ۾Ѿߵߵߡֲƿط޷ֵ˾ȻҪԿԷⲻǳҳ
ɼΣǾʥӼҲԲǷǿߵĶְ
˲ʥӼѱͷﶼ䡣
ҲգͿλͷֶܼãʥӺͷǿߵĽִδյǿԸһˡ
ʥӺųƷ֮޵УҪʥԷĲࡣ

˾ʹĵһĿƵĿʹ졣
˹ԭΪԼг˳ػܸԷѹȴû뵽ԷȻ˿£ӭȥ
˹۶㣬кʮ㣬ػ˵һ£ֻҪǵĹǡ
ǣӣ˳ػֳֳꪣźʹǰԸǽ֣Ѷ뿪
ʹһۣҲϻӰֱֱֳػ߶ȥ
֪ԼԵǷǿߣֲǳûһ˿飬ֲɵĽᴩУϢϢ˾öᡣ
˹Ӽһɫ˱䣬ոֻмֱģʩչĽû
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һǹһҪǶԸߣʥӼ˶оͷˣػȴһһĻ˳ȥһ£ڷɶͬһ㣬֮ɢȵϢϢɨ˹ȥֱʹһǹһ
𶯶֮һǹһײһ㱻ײĵ֮ԶѪЩתѹסѪͬ˳ȥ²ȶѿռ̤һݣסӰ
˶һۣ˶ԷеءǿߺųƿطѾõϿɡǿߣǸҪǿոһȫ¶ˡ
˵һΣĹǽ뿪
ʹһٴλ˹ȥǻһ۾ͺ˵ˡûдô֪һ޷սʤǿߡ
˼ʹ컹ǲڸģĿҲֱֱĿ㣬Ȼǲ㱧ġǣʥսǿߵսǺȤġ
ǲ֪˹ȴЦֱֱĿʹ죬ΣȵǾ֪ǿߵǿˡ۾ľͷҲսģ



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ֳֳǹǹе۲ƣֳĽǹͷϢ͸Щ˴ЩϢоһɺӽŰֱֱ
۾ǿƿصĴ֮ȫӿ֡ʥñȫȴһ˿ĵ
ǹ˫
ڴĺ£һǹɨǹͷǹͷĵۣϢ鲼ռ䡣ǹ˫ģͬҲǾ޵ġͬһУûмܱȵǹ
һǹǿƣѹ˶Ϊ֮ϢĴػߡ
ػɫҲм棬ǹϬгһޣ˦ԵͲ˼ĽǶɨ죬޻죬ŵ۵𶯣ȵϢ֣ǿƶģֱֱľǹͷ֮ϡ
߶ԻһǹޣվȲϵ۾ػ߳޻䣬һǹᣬĳǹ֮ϣһƬձǹᴩĿĹâӳǹб俪Ƭձ˿
ػߵסһ˵仰һ£ɫȴ䣬һӰͬһ㣬ɱ⼤һ㣬ڶ֮䴩͸ռ䣬ֱػߺ󱲡
ÿٶȣת۾ĳػɫ˱䣬ٶȳԤϡٶҲ˰ɡǣٶȾȻһϣֱǷ˼
趯ִٵӭȥ۾Ͼǵ۾ִپػߵӰˣⳤ޵סһͳ޽һ㣬۳嵴ķХ֮Ϊ֮𶯡
ʮռ·飬쫷籩Ťռ䣬֮Ű
ػжĵ֮ңʹ˸վһߣֱֳңָϵӿɢĺ⣬ľ
˼Ϊ۾ػ߶Χĺ֮ңһһۣ˶Էе𾪡ǵԤϣ̫ǿˡȻܱػߴ˶Ƶĺˡǵ۾н߰
զ̲࣬ס塣˹ӴʱҲĬʹɫӡ
ãããػ߱Ц˵áڵ֮ػͻȻ˦޻콣һ㣬ɭɨһһޱȣźХ֮ͬһ㣬ֻɨ˶ȥŷ򲨶ͬ磬
һ˶ĿľػߵǿƣۿȺŻǹĤı̲ס򶷵ĵطԶһЩ
ϣ
ʹ쿴ŶԷһ˴󺰣ֳֳǹǹͷԵĽǶȻĿĵۺͺֱǹâ̹ǵɱɨ
㳤ʮ㣬ʮɵĴɽڽ֮ϣֵҲᴩУ趯һ㣬趯֮ʽ죬ϴһػߡ
ٶȿֲǹޣػȡ
˽һ˵ĴУϼǹӰͻ棬ֲɨҪһж˺ѡɱڵϢ͸ĤУֻһЩò˫ŷ
֮ϣӰ趯ԽԽ죬ÿһɭ䣬ÿһǹ޷ÿһγ޵趯ء
ʹٶȺ;ǹսԷԷԿֲѹˡʹҰܵ龳ûг֣֣ĵסػߣػһʱ֮Ҳκβǡ
ʹģ˳ֶΪԶԶȲǡÿһΣյʱһ˶ȻܰԷػߣֱҪػ߲òӭ
˶Ǽ򵥵ػȻǵ۾ҲǵĹԣ־ռϷ磬ȴκεǡ
ʮغϹȥȻûռһ˿ıˡ
ϣػҲ̲ס̾ɱ֮ʥӼʵȻ޴ֵĸоδġ
ʲôǰǵоһ㣡ʥӼҲûзϣû򣬾ʥӼΣһܳѹơ
ȴ˳־Ȼסһ۾
һƬžֱֱĶʹ죬ޱȡ˭Ҳ벻һȻһ
ǰ˵ʥӼܵ۾ҲֻܵѡңҪ۾ʥӼﶯͨ¡սʱδʩչͨȫƾǵĽǹս
Ҫⲻǵ۾һǺ͵۾սʮغϡ
˵ðģܱߴﵽʥӼδ˵˰˵ʵʥӼҲǺպΪʲôû˵
оȲ⣬ĿȴȵĶʹ죬Ҫܵסػ߶á
ػƺҲûȤˣսôöòˣ˵һֳ衣
ããȻӢۣǣ۾Ͼǵ۾۾ķǲܱġսΣûз֮Ǳذɣػ۶ʹ졣
ػ˵֮䣬Ӱ趯趯֮䣬һ𲻶ϵıĻ鲼ռ䣬ֲ֮£гȵϢϵĳ֮
ϿɵصĹصĹǴƽģֻйƣʹǿҪ㲻߱Ǿ;Ʋ˷򡣡ػߵ˵
˵֮䣬Ǵһռ֮С
ʹĸоһռֻʣ»һжǻĹ򣬳ȥȻǳȡκβ֮еĶҪյĸɾ
ɫ䣬ķ£ʵܵѹƣһƵģеһжҪ˳ַת췢ݣһϵıҪƿԷĹ
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ŭһҧ㷨Σʩչͨ
˵֮䣬һǹݺݵĴ˳ȥһǹ̺ȫĴ֮۳ͨһǹޱȣǹͷĴɱ֮⣬ݺݵֱȥ
䡭
ͨǿֲģܴѲ񷣬ѿ󺣡һǹͬѿ֮ȻǿͨǺͨϴϴģбȻƿ
ʥӼӵͨػ߲⣬ȻͨƿҲ⡣ϾͨʥӼܵһĵ۾ǵͨ
ǣΣͨԶʩչƿһ򹥻Σһ
ѶԷķ飬δԷһٴκ˳εķΪֲ
ǵҪٷǻ˼ǵͨǣʱȴҵķĶ֡ͨʩչһΣʩչεס򣿵ʩչʮΰ˴ʶȤͰĹǽñʩչǿķ԰ˡ
ػߵĻ˳ĬȷʵԷսֵزѾʮֲֿˣʩչˣǰػ߱Ƶ˼¡
Цһƨκε𣿡ʹʩչͨûƿȥŭˣػ˵ҵģ
˵꣬ڿնϵ۳ȫϵķ׭䲻ϣһΰĴ֮ȫ޹˼ɵı


960 һ
죡ȡϢʱ䣡ڿնŴ󺰵
Ȼ֪Ҫʲôȴ㣬Ц˵ȻƲķ򣬵ǵסϢȴڻ£
˵꣬һǹǹ˳ȥͨʩչеĵĳǹϣǹһһڶ͸أҲ顣֮ͨɣ
ķػҲЩ̾ʥӼ治ͬ졣ҪǱͱɱˣʥӼﻹ
ΪֹˣػߴһȻǿܵסսֵزѾԶԶĹˡػߵķ֮񱩶ڷɣطڷ֮У﷭ڣȵϢй̶ֱȥ
ɫӰϵ趯Ӱ趯֮һ۳һֱֱӭػߵĹ
ʱըأռ䶼Ϊ֮𵴣˿ռ䡣챻ĵѪҺܵش
ػ߼ˣһ˵ǲƷϣ
˭㷨ϲƣػ߸׼ٴζԸʱȴӰ趯ǰ۳ӰӰǧǧӰ似ÿһӰ趯һ似
ضתƲķ𣿡Уĵû뵽Ӱ֮У࣡
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ǿͨǣѵƾͨҷȷʵ˵Σ˳ɣأػŭŭ֮䣬ĻڣڵĻҲǳ죬תɳˣ׵ҫۡ
˹ӿһĻҲɫأǳػ߾ȻƵֵز÷ºþ˻ˣѹ˺شĪ̩ӡ
ػߵıû⣬󺰵࣡
֮䣬Ժʱ֣ۣʮ㣬ɹĵȱ֮ҪһƵģ֮͵֮⽻һ
ػ߿ĵ࣬ɫҲƽָ㶯Ӱ趯Сʲôͨڣͨȫֲͬͨ
Ҳ㣬ʶʩչ࣬ȴδܼʩչ࣬δϣǿֲģ˴󡣴ʩչͨͨԶȴʩչͨͨﵽ˷˵ĵز
رǴʱͨͨȫģ籾ͨһ
ôָУ죬Ҳڴӵбֹͨ˼ཻڡȴû˶ɣͨȻǿҪƿԷȫ۵ķȴͬѶȡ
ϾԷĵ۾нߡǴңɼľ룡
ڴʩչ׼һƴʱȴ𵴶ÿ³һֶ֣ع񣬻ɢصÿһ䣬ϯ֮·һ㣬ÿһÿһʶõصӡ֤
ǵǷ𣡷ڣʥɣΪ޵ΪأΪ裬֮ң֮ң࣡
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ҵĵǱ֮ͨңࡣƣ
УĻ֮һ㣬ǧ۳ҫ۹â۾࣬඼ֳ֮ǰʹȱͬǣһβǺֵ⣬ַģ׵Ļ֮࣬
࣡ͨ裡֮ǰĵֻ࣬࣬ǽĵ⣬еķӡ֤ġⲢĵĵңΪͨҲȻӡ֤Լĵı֮ͨһȻҲӡ֤ĵ⣬ģȴԶԶȲࡣ˵⣬ĴȱֻǼѡĻ𣬲
ֲľ¡¡𶯶ֲѹɨ˶һжΪ֮ݡĵŤתضɵģ֮κΣ
˿ĵ࣬һɴ۾㣬вţ̫ǵԤˡһֲֲ̫ǲţһܱ
Ӱ趯ܻһ㣬ضҪܿâشΪ֮·Ǵܱģ
ͨıͨشΪ֮˱ܣȻӡ֤ĵΪֲֲƽҽӽ𺳣ɴ۾Ķ㣬޷Ȼ۳ͨˡͨϢϣⲻǱͨ޷ġңشΪ֮˱ܣ˵϶ʮֿǰص۱ܿ
СģǱͨ˿ֲıͨҪӡ֤ѣȻڴ߳ȥˣ
һֱֱĶ㡣
˹Ҳɫ䣬ǲţѾ͡
˳ɵػߣɫ䣬ӿ֣һ˿ұ֮Ҳȫӿ֣ǿʽʩչǰŻķ֮ѾģֻܰԼǿʩչ
ϣһͷ׳׿ֲķˣػ߱ǿʽˣǾòģȡԼǰ
࣡𣡸ƣ
ĺ£һ˳ȥѣźƴѹֱɨػ߶ȥ
꣡
һǵͨķ˾Ȼѿһѷ죬ǴŷĿֲˣѺ۶Ҫ߽һ㡣
еĵ಻ϳڷϱĥ𡣿ⷨ۵ķˣҲϵѿѷ졣
ҵĴײľ޴죬ҫ۵ĹâããͬǺٲֱͬ죬ÿһ˶۾ҿ𶯶𶯵Ѫ
󣬺˶̲סһӽŰֱֱĳԺ
ĶԻǲܿġ
ž죬Ѫͬʱһ̲סҪ֪ȴ۾
һս˭ʤʤ۾𣿡
۾ܰ𣿡
Ҫܰܣ⽫һ漣



961 ΪҺΣ
䡭䡭
֮ɲϱϵı貵Ĺâɱ𶯲ϢھУӵһΪԣ͵

һб˶̲ס۾ǰ𺳵һĻûȫĥڻ鷨۵ķ֮󣬻һƣػߴ˳ȥ
ػߴǰļһ£ıķ飬ɡ
ػҪߣӵˣһĺϣ˲Ѫģ׷ɳȥһεѪ飬ڹĤϣĤסڵϡ
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ڵ֮ٴһѪҺ³ϵѪҺմȾϣȾһ棬شػߣʱҲ˹ȥ
˿ȥľͷݣǺεȵһ۾ܵشرǣֻһ档һܱ
һļžʹĹźᣬڵɫ԰׵㣬дžη֮ɫǿǿ׳ˣով޵һһ𺳡
ⲻˣҲȲϣ
鲻Խðһ仰
㵥ڵϿȻȴһǿ壬御ûһ˿ϢɢǴѹȴϢһ۾Ȼһȥ뵽㣬Ǿ̲ס鲼ȫ
˹ͬԭأ˶Ӳˡǿû뵽ģֱԤϡֲ̫ˣֱͨ˼С˹˿ɣҪػߴﵽ۾ԶԶǿ㣬һҪɾǱشܱܲס˵
˹˿ɣҪԼʬ޴ˣ
ÿֲͨ˭ȻԴ˱ͨ˹ҲˣǱܱͨЧ
һǿ첻˵ȻıܴͨѾˡ
˵޷ģɼžĿⶼϣоηо£ͬгݡ
ڵϵȴڷתһȻֲҲֲֻͬǰϵȫ꣬ĲࡣԶԶʩչ࣬
һ˿ֲеһֲֻʩչɡ
һ࣬ʱʩչĲǰѡڴʱȴ㹻ˡʩչ࣬Ѿش۾ˡ
澳Լʵ˭ش۾ֻԼѣ
뵽⣬ҲЩԺһ漣һ˵ȥ˲ŵ漣
תָǰɫҲı̫ˣΪɱڴˣšԼҲԼȱ˲
ǣһȴˡֲ̫ˣ漣ó͡
˭һܴ챾ͨ˭һܰһԵĵ۾ǿߣһжˣ
켸룬֪һս֮㶨Ȼ˳ǣҴӷ˳Ǵȥ𶯴½һս֮δʥӼʵȴݵʥӼ֮ϡ
һ׼ס뿪
˹Ȼ𺳺;壬ǼҪߣϽǰ棺Ҫ߿ԣѶ
ŭŷ˹Ӻ
˹ɨһۣۿ̲סðһɺ⡣ǿ壬̲ס˼־񣺡ĹǱҪˣִãһҪ
ȿȡɨһ۷˹ӣĿת˵һҩҪҪˣҪҪͰҰһſ¡
Ļӿ˹ӣֿһȥĵ۾ǿߣ˵ԭûʲôؿԡңҳһҩĹǣ۵¾Ͳˡ
Ȼ㣬ǿԤϡһˣ澴塣ԭԭʱٴʰ㡣
ô˵ۿ˹˵Ѿⶫˣ㻹ʲô᣿
˹Ҳû뵽ͻȻվһߣҩݶˣüѡ
ǵĵ춢ŷ˹˵
Ҫǲأ˹Ӻһԡ
ҪǲãҪ㶢ŷ˹Ӷݺݵ˵һδ̫ˣԼǰȥѹȡ
ܷ˳ػûҲɰɡʱ˵ңһͨĴܣ¶ûֵ˰ɡκҶ
˹ӵĻô۶㲻ܣѵҲܣ͹һʥӼȻǰҫ
㡭˹ӱŭĶŴ˵㲻񣡡
ɱŭˣ֣ɱġ
Ȼ˵ɱһľ겻ֻʵֲͬҲˡȻڷ˳ɱ˷˹ӣ⻹Ѿŷ
űǹͷңָ˹ӣŭʮ㣬ʮϢ֮Ҫǲ뿪Ҵɱ䣡˹ӣԼʵȻҵĶ𣿡
˹ӳĬ˵ԲǴĶ֣ҪɱģԼԵס
Ƿ˹ֲĹǱȡߣĹǶдã˵ͻƵ۾ܽıôԷŹԷ˹Ӿܹ˼ɣǲԸ
һ۱˵ľͷ÷˳ǵıʿȥˡĿⶢ㣬⣺ȷʵ򲻹ǡǲûа취
˵꣬˹һҧٴζմ󺰵ػߴ˺ڣ
˹ӵĺɫŹ˹ӾȻоͷǰôȨޣϾʥӣôôͷ
ʹҲɫ˱䣬û뵽˹ӻܽгͷ˳˵ͷػѵԼҪһսȥ
ҪǣԼڵսҲսˡ
˹ӵĺոһӰڷ˹ӵǰȻ˵ԽȨˣеȨޣһͷæѡ
˹ӹ񣺡ֻ֪̫ˣʲοػߴҲǴˣܱ۸Զ˳֡
ɨһۣ漴˵ԭҲ޷˵ǣĵطȴشͷҪǲһѵ˶Цˡ
ۺߵԸһӶĳͷͲ±˳Ц𣿡
ļ˵꣬˹Ӿվǰһߵ֮ãҪб¾սһҪû£ĹǲͷǸ˵ӻŹ㡣
Ҫǲأ㶢ŷ˹ӡ
ǱӾԽô˹оͷæŵĵϣݲҰ
˹ͱˣ˶һۡĿ⿴㣡ھŷĵ̺Ȼǲǵģ˳ǵǵѡ
ǾԿվȻɫ԰ףȴվȡ
˹۶㡣
ͬŶԷһһ˵㵱ΪûбֶζԸ۾˲ɣ
һ仰õһƬȻ㻹бֶΣôܣ
˹һ֮漴ЦŻ˭ӾҪ㻹ʲôֶΣ


962 
ˣסˣĹҪˡ˹ֱֱĶ㣬ȻʲôԵ۾ˡ˹ӳһкǿǿΪС޵һһξˣѵʩչ
ĵ۾ͷ˵ͷ̤ǰ㣬ѹ£˵Ĺǽɣ뿪
ЦЦֱֱĶŷᣬҪȡûȡ
ŵզ಻ѣСδ̫ǿˡֵزȻӷ˹ģѵĻֶζԿ۾ɣǿ԰׵һҡҡͷϾһˣλ죿
쿴ŷվǰǰ۶ŶԷǹϢɢȥɱȻôǣʱҲ䵽ǰʹͬٱңָ᣺Ȼ䣬ȴҲô۸˵ġΪ۾нߣȻԿһʩչ˺ս˵ȥõ۾ǿ߶϶Ĩڡ
ӵĻôתۿһ۶Էȴû˵
ᱻӺȳ⣬ɫҲЩÿ£ݲһȺȳ⣡
ӶŶԷ˵ҪڱǰļӣҪǾ䣬ʲô
Ż˭ɫѹ£ŷĲʰԸ
ŷἤȥгǹ趯ϢһޣֱԷĺ
˦趯ӰֱӴȥֲϢ𶯣һ˺˵ĹһĴӵ
Ǻܿ죬ٴιϣסᣬֲҲһ֮˿ȴÿһ̺ɱŵķϢȫܿʥӡ
ǿֲģͬʱֱһɹ˶ɱ⣬֮Ȼ÷޷κεǡ
ʥӼȻֲϾȻս۾ˡ̲ס˷˹һۣǲʥӼ̾밡˹ӣҲԲĶ֡
ˣ÷ɣҪЩ˲˷ʱ䣡˹Щͷŷ󺰵
ͷ˳ּΪԼڲ÷£ƾԶǵֻ֤ܣҪʤȴѡ
ѹʥӼ۾֮Ǿȫǵһ֮ˡǵ̫⣬̫񣬼ﵽܴﵽĶ塣ڴ涥ܵסĹһͻƻ졣и̾Ҳбɹɷ֮䣬ܶӿֳɹɹ
ոճԹ֮Էٴα̲סüӺ֮ǰΪ۾ǿߣûа취סԷķ򣿡
ҡͷҪʵָȻ£Ǵʱȴ޷ֵǹغŲĹأûͬĹ֮Ѵơиոֲͨҵֻͨܶݵסȴܳ
ô˵̲סһҧݣӰڿնϢȫĵȫӿֳѪ죬ѪҺѪһεεĳģƴŽվѪҪҲ㷨򡣡
Ӽˣɫ˱䡣ﵽֲξѪҪþѪƿĻҪٲƿ㵽ʱƿ¶Ҫ¼İˡ
ֵָľѪȼգһӰȴߣļ˵ɣ
㡭쿴Żָ㣬̲סü
ЦЦŴ˵ͷ
Ӷһۣ˵ͷܿ˶Էķ򹥻һڳ⡣
ŴȴῪڵΣĹǽɣҲǲˣӦǵҩѾǡ
Ц㻹ܱܲȫԼ˵ɣ㿴ŷ˵ϣ㲻Ҫġ
ڤ粻飡ŭ˵ǱȰˡ
Ҳ˵ͼһһ̤̤֮ŵͼ֮мٵҩҩĿУڵҩĲ£ҲָһЩ
еͼпֲԪϵĹ뵽УϢʼָ
˿ֵĶüҪʲôѵĻ뿹ס۾ɡ
Ū飡һǴżֲмֻȥҪѹ
żķȻܣͼֱֱӭ
Цͼ뵲ס򲻳ɣ˵ǵסķ
ȴδأͼͻȻһֱֱĺͷײһ𣬷˲ݣͼһٴΰס
ֻֻ˲һ֣ȴ˾ѣһɴ۾ĿͼסɢſֲϢĹâ£һϢ֡
ǵƷһʶˣһ̲סڣɴ۾ŵĿ㡣
γɣƽǧֻǣѵóһοǵƷƷҪγɣȵôﵽƷңﵽƷҲҪʱпܡȻϵ۾ǾпγɵƷʵҪγɵƷȴֻ˵ﵽ۾ǲγɹ壬Ҳࡣ
ôӵⶫɢϢпܾǴ۵εõģֶҲܵõһֱֱĶ㡣
˹ӵҲȵĶеͼ̫ˣĹҪǧ顣
Ȼ𺳣ȴϷӦ˵ҵкͱ¸ҺҽаˡԭĵƷǣΣⲻѣסһѵһֱס𣿡
㿴ŶԷһ˵˭ҪһֱˣҪſ㡣
ЦЦһЦƷҪУֵһ۾ǣСΣ
ƷȷʵֲķƲˡԼƷƷȻṥ껹ס
СӣûõģıϾƣκβҡվҪʶȤѶ
˭Ҳˣ㿴ŷЦ
һ㶣漴һ˵Ϊ˵ɣ
źĸ㣬һʿ㵭˵
ῴһۣΪݾһ⵹ǳҵԤϡΣѵʿõƷɲУ
ٸһ㣡еͼһռ䡣ЦеĿŷᡣ
üͷ˵ĪĻʲôѵŸռ䣬ƷȷʵǼĶɴʱ˵ֻñ˸̰ѡ
˵ٶ࣬Ҳı䲻Ľ֣
ͻȻЦֱֱĶŷ˵ܱǸĸ㣬Щ˵ʱ޷ʩչͨܰſ¡
һ仰ܵ˲侲ֹĿⶼֱֱĶ㣬ʹ㵣ȻһƬ


963 ֮
˵Ĵ㵺ͲУͻȻϾеͼҲ֮ǧâͼתʱããޱߵһС֣Ȼ˵ƵҲ׳
С磡ռȻС磿˾ɴ۾Ŀ㣬дż־Ͳšû˲֪СĶڴϳֶʮϧǴʱȴС
ĿһСļֵ۶ҪΪ֮ĶĶˣСİһǧ
ӿâ˸ķ趯һϢ͸
㲻֪Ӧڱ͸㣡˵˲䣬û뵽ģ˺Ϊһ壬һɫĹԱ⣬⣬鲼磬ϵķ׭Ҳ֮ӿ֣ɢ䵽֮С
Ҫʲô˹ӿ˾ĭĿ⿴ѯʵ
ͬüͷо֮еķ򲨶Լʱ鶯뵽˵Ǿ仰һʿ
ѵ۳֮鲻ɣɻ󲻽⣬ȴ𺳲ѡҪ۳֮飬Ǵһ۾İ֣ʱҪʰļˡ
֮飿˹ֹ͵ֱֱĿĵ㣬ҪĹǣѵΪ˹ļ
ԽԽÿܣɫĿŷẰʰҪ۳
ɨ˷˹һۣ漴ҡҡͷģ˺綼һҪʰ忪С硣
㲻ܳ忪˹ɻʵ
ǿԣҪʱ䡣ҳ忪֮¶ԷѾ۳ɹˣʱ֮УյģڶԷ֮Уʵܵѹơش
СϾӦضǷǿߣҪƿҲҪʱ䡣Щʱ䣬Ҫ۳ɹĻͳɹˡʱ鷳ˣܳɹȻᱻСȻȻʰ㡣ûбҪð
ܳɹ𣿡ʵ
ѣ³һ֣漴ӵС֮ҪӦضռҪԼĻ꣬С絹лϢķҪ͸ҲС
ȻУΪʲô˵ѣ
У۳ֻҪѻȫ۳СԼĻ꣬ҪۣԼֶָΣ֮֡Ѷȳ̶ȣ˿һԼ۾˵ѡ˵
ˣǾ͵ɡʱһʰ˹һ
Է˿ûεĻôǴżЦҪ֪ӵʥҺĻ᲻ỹô롣
ֱֱĶ㣬Ҳû뵽ѡʱ֮飬ʱ飬֮ɹҲ˶½
֮е㣬ȫ͸СУСгһɫǹ⣬ЩǹޱǹСУ˲Ļ
Щ֮ڵӿ֣ʱƵѻ
֮꣬
֮£Ļ͵ĻʱϹ貣ĿĹâȳա
Ļۣۣܳ͡һĻ÷һʿԻȷʵֲ֮걻ȫǣܳͣȫһҲáһ߲۳֮飿
ڷ˹ҲһʱȴһƬһ󣬶ʱƿ飬ʳӨʥҺʥҺ֣֣âĿŹɹܰɢʥҺŵϢӿ֣ͬϼϢеĻҺҲ˳Щϼ⻯͸еĻС
ЩʥҺ뵽֮УʼĳΣʥҺǣ£Ļģ塣
ʥҺȻĶ𺳣Сϵı̫ˣֻС磬ʥҺС׻ʲôûóģ
֮꣬ǣ֮֮꣬顣
ĺ£Ļͬˮһ㲻ϵӿ뵽УԪȫӿ壬תĻϱ͸֮󣬴֮꣬Ļȫںϣ׵ĻڳεĻС
ɻ۵ӰĻʵʣ۳ɺͬȴСϹһ塣
Ա֮ǡΪǣĹΪɾ塣
ĺ£õǵȫӿֳȻû߿֮࣬ȴĻƷѣڱǵĵϣԵƷΪף۳ǡ
ĹҲû붼֮Уڱϣѱ
ﾡ٣鱾Դ
ĺ£ʱķ׵籩һжݻ٣ޱߵǳ¶ըѣޱ뵽Ĺ֮У͸ȥɫĹâ
ףʱҲɢһɹ뵽Ĺ֮С
СӷˣȻõƷ찡Ҫ첻ɣ
ԵƷƷ۳öôֲңпֲĹǡ
ǷˣҪʲô

˾ֱֱĶ㣬ֱ̫ˡƷ֮ˣֱֲ̫ˣ
֮翪֮ĥ
ĺ£Ļ֮ӿ֣ĵʱԶԶܱĲΡĹ֮ϣӡϢ
ƷϾǵƷӡʱ򷨲硣ǣվס׵Ĵ£߽ͬһ㣬׵ܣһϢϵӡ¡
Ʒ׵Ƕ׵ǿ˼˽⡣Ϊֹ㻹ǲ鲻׵ʲôʹҵĹżҲҲһߣ׵˼֡
翪ʼֲķ׵粻ϵıĳĹǣ׵ıǾ˵дŷϵĳ÷Ҳɫ䣬ԼҪǴУ¶Ҫķ׵֮ˡ
ͬٵһ龳˶ɴ۾˹Ӹ۾ֱֱĶһĻǲ֮ɫ
Ҫ۳ɹ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲ֪ǲҪɹֲ̫ˣֻϾǵƷֲһ棬СİҪҲѣ˵֮ˡ
֮ӡ磬֮ɣ
ĺ£˲䱬ѿĵ۴ӿ֣еĵûбǺĹƬһϢۣ׭ûУƬڷ׵Ĵ£ʼ
ĹǻѪǣۺһжת֮䣬
һĻĿģĹڵǣ£һֳ޷ںϣеϵС
˹ӺͷҲɴ۾Ƿᣬ޷ΪʲôƷܱ׾ٵĸ


964 绯
ǹ⣬ۣĹǲϵںϣâǣѪǰ۳ΣеһжΪһ壬ʼĿںϡ
һĻ˵ǰһִĸоǶ֪ЩѪ⣬Ĺڵ»ûģɴѪγɡ
֮޾ֻȡһٵأ
СȻȻŲٷ򣬽ľˮȫģûСȻûǧȴҲиַķǶԵġ
Ҫ۳֮飬ͲƿСӵезһûеķ򣬶Ȼеķ򶼲òʧ
۷Ȼĵӡ֤ĴϢٵ֮񱩺ͻ֮ŷ򲨶ɣ۳ġͬҲģ
ĺ£ããƵ׳ϱһжķ飬ȥΪĵһƬ綼һ㣬ϢС
һƬңеһжΧƻֻܳ档
ƵĻԹٿٵһ㣬ƺƴܰһжɷɻң֮䣬򽥽͡û뵽ĹԼƷ֮Уһʱ򲨶ֲܣɽӺХ
һ֮ɣ
ĺ£۳ɵĻ͵ײһʩչ²ϵĴһӡᣬ߿ʼںϹں֮䣬֮ϢҲıӰޣٵ죬ٵܴ档ٶȿƿֲȫ֮󣬷Ҳ͵ջУϢ˲ﵽ˵۾֮䣬󣬽١
ǣףٿֲȴ޷κε׵ûУɣΪ˼ֿ񱩡
׵ãϵĴ£⣬ͬһĺ⿴ľ
׵ʧ翪ʼ飬һ֮ããУʼûл㣬ޱûǳǣԭĻʧתһ
£ԭҲʧһɶ֮Ԫӿ뵽У˲ָﵽ˶ĲΡ
Ŀ⿴ǰ֮飬ܵԼ⽻ͨԼۺΪ۳ģ˵ԼĻֻ߻ʵȴԶԶԼ
ĹΪΪʥҺۻֱۣ꣬԰ֲ֮ˡ
һָ㶯֮˲ɢпǹ뵽֮У˲оǿҲŷĲ֮Уһһ㣬׵ƿ硣ͬͨһ֮飬Сָơ
ٴһӣǹٴλۣһģһ֮վǰܸоȺͿֲ
ϵƿĸоͣӵ֮ĸо𡣸оо顣Ҫǣһ֮飬ܻԼĻʵԶԶԼ
оþòƽϢǰ֮飬ֱһͼУҲûͼ֮ʧƮգĿ⿴ᡣ
ʱҲˣԷ۳֮顣Щ۶ɵģ뵽ո۶֮Ŀֲʹһ
ô۳Ķдȴ⣬ո֮ķʶ翪ٵһ㡣
˹ȻԸ䣬ǿϢ㣬ڲԸսȥĹѾԷˣҪٵõǲ̫ˡοԷʱ֮Ļսֲô
Ϣȫָʩչǿֲͨˣƾͨ÷κβ
ģ˹һȴ޿κΡ
ȴҲǸոǵľٶ۶ŷ˵㲻Ҫʰѽ㣡
ᱻ̣ɫҲѿǷ˳ǣ㵱ΪʱмֱǮͿŲɣ
㿴ŷ˵Ųңֻ¸ո˵ҪʰңҪǲǱ˳Ц
㡭㼷ҵĻ÷ɫǺ죬Ķ㣬ˣ˻ǵ͵һЩá
Ҫǲ͵أЦֱһӣ绯ߣ㶢ŶԷЦҪ֮鵽жǿ¾ΪѣһƷˡ
˵ʱ͸¶һϢ֮飬֮鼤ڷǰ
ᱻƵ·ŭһ˵㵱㲻ɣ
˵ͬʱ򱩶ֱȥֲԵ
𾪵ǣȻ֮鲻ܣֲһֱֱĺ绯ϣײһ㣬绯ҷɳȥѿռ䶼ҳһӡǣҷɵ绯Ȼûһ˿˺ٴ˷ǰ档
ɫ˱䣬Ŀǰ绯һȭƽ۾ҪǱһȭشˡǣ绯Ȼûһ˿˺
ƷĹ۶ɵĹ治ͬ죬۾ĹȻɲ˺⻹ô
ˣԷ̫ӲͿֲˣȾڲ֮أôսսȥذɣ
绯ͬסԷһжϲ֮Ȼֵõģֻǲ֪ǿ
뵽⣬ֱȥ
ƺҲ֮Ŀֲ˿㣬ֱӭȥߵһ
䡭
һ죬˶Ե˳ȥ̤֮䣬һݡ
һĻ̾һ֮Ȼˣȴ͵۾൱ѡ㵹⣬Ͼʵ̫ˡ
ʱѾΪһˣ֮ΪĻʵܵơȻ۳򣬵ϾǴ𾳡Ѿܱ֮ļˡ
Ҫٱǿȵǿǿˣ֮ܽĵ֮編ϣӡȻһ취ñǿ֮㣬ֱӷֻǿѡ
֮ĳɳռȷʵʮ־޴ģ۶ɵֻҪ㹻ǿȫͨ㣬绯ɸĵ֮÷ǿ
ʱֻ൱һ۾ѡ
ԷԼ൱ҲһϧˣҪ֮ԳϵԶʱʵʱȴòܵ㾳ѹƣֻܱȵ۾
˵Цһ㶮ʲôֻпҪʰҲ׾١
˵֮䣬ɨ绯ʱԳϵбĵ˵ļܣʩչһ
˵֮䣬绯趯ŵǬգ֮𵴶ŷḲǶȥ
ԱֶΣֻ㿰ȣʰȴ׾١
ʲôʩչļܣᾪ֪һܿʥӼεȿֲ


965 ԭ
ҪǲĴ뵽磬϶ΪһԳϵĻĹʥҺԳϵ֮϶ԶԶʱľ硣ĺǣ֮ܳɳȻʩչļܡ
ʱȻܵ㾳ѹƣȴɳҪǣȫܳΪĻʩչֶΣʩչһʥӼĵ۾
绯һֲ֮䣬ŵǬȥȻͶԷ൱ŵǬ£ɫ䣬Ǳĵסһδι
֪жôֲҪʰʱûг֣ĻȫļܣӵսɡͬǶ֣
һƲ£޷סֲĹĲϵĵˣŵǬֲͨһС䣬õʩչŵǬ顣һƷ£ֲĹ÷о壬ϵ㡣
ܶ˶УۿŶԷĹ಻似ϾŵǬ÷᲻Ӵܡ
˿ŸոջҫķʱȴͬӴܵĵһһһƬţĿ⼯еϡϣǿ̫漣
һˣȻڷ˳ҫֱǲģ
̫ǿˣ˭ԲﶼûйһϢҪƬģû˵ѵƬģɻ֪һս֮궨ȻΪһӽ
һڴ˵۾ѾܽʥӼˡ
ˣһλػߴأһԸԷ˹ӼᱻƵվ̲סŶԷ󺰵
˹ӵĴ󺰣пЦﲻ뺰ͬǰֻͬǰʥˡʱ˳ػģһѾˣȥҰ֣
˳ǵǻбıʿЩʲôãʥӼܱʰҲģ
쿴һռϷĻҲ󺰵㣡սپϾǶԷ̣ҪǶԷĲĻǿߣֲá
ô˵Ҳ˵ͷĹ˲
࣡
ԷϾǵ۾ҪʰѣվϷ磬ȴشԷҲûˣֱӶõࡣ
һʱɫ䡣⻯δֲ̫ˣֱһ㡣ıͨʩչ
ģ
ɣʩչıͨԶԶŷ֧ţһʩչ춯ҡ֮ӿ֣ĵ⣬ϯȥ
ʱѾ˵֮ģȴӡϾǷ˳ǣҪˡŷǶһ㶼ʣˡ
һˣһ档ķ˳ǵĵ۾ػܣһϢȥŷ˻
Էᾡ֪ԼǶ֣ҲòĻսһ𣬼ʹشӡ
ȻʱѾʥطϢˣͬٸϻֻҪֵʥǰԼˡ
Է˼ϢʱͿˣڵʩչ֮󣬷Ҳͬʱֲ𵴶ءһ𵴣ܰת
Ƿֵܵģܿ࣬ŵһȴܲһֱֱӭȥƶ£˲ѷݻ١
Ŵȱȴǻķķ򱻳׵ĺ飬ΪļҲķ飬һֱֱǰҽһ׷ɳȥѪҺһƬ
ᱻɣһĪ꣡нΣѾʰǡ
㲻ȴÿһ˵ĶĤҪǱ˵仰ǶȻЦʥӣҲἥǣ⻰˵ģۿ۾ȴһη
Է˵⻰ʵ磬ʵΪ
Ŀת˹ӣ˹ѾɫˡֻҪĹǣȴû뵽һֵ۾ͷش˹ӼѾ²⵽еĳ˶ŭˣȳ⡣
Ӱһŷ˹ӳ˹ȥ˹Ҫ㣬ȴ˹Ҫǲʵվ
Ļ֪ʱ÷˹͵ı壬ԭҪҲֹͣ
ž
һֱֱڷ˹ӵϣ˲һһѪˮ˳
ƺٴηһƣڷ˹ӵһһƣϲ鷳ǲ鷳ĵΣҪ㣬ͳ㡣
Ļ˶Ŀ⿴ŷ˹ӣڷ˳Ǹ߸ϵʱȴԷ衣˸֣̾
˹Ķ㣬֪ʱκβ㣬ƣҲǺ⡣޲ɱ㣬Ҫǻмǣȥˡ
ھŷķϣ𲻺ƽϣƾԹˡҪǲұ𣬱𲻽´ٳ㡣㶢ŷ˹ӡ
˹ҧݣѪҺɲȴ˵ֻɫЩ
ûйܶԷ񣬶Ŵ캰ߣ
ͷҲ֪ﲻܾӰԶߡ
Ӽ״ҲӰʹ׷˹
˿ٵ˲ʧ˵С
˿ŵµһƬǽ壬Լشľͷ˳ĬСʧĿһУȴþòƽϢ
찡ֻһﰡ
ӿһ仰
˹ñʿ̧ػ߷ȥ˺ĨһǵѪҺҲһԲ뿪ߡ
ŷ˹뿪˹ӴûгԹʱȴ˳ƣǲ
ΣѵҶԷ鷳ɣֲûԷжôǿѵΪ˹ʲô취
ô˵ǣϾǾŷĵ̣˹ҪܽԸȻڻ¡
ζԸŷͷɴͷȥ׷ɱһ۾⴫ȥο걾;ŷΪУ۾ֻشǣûɱǣֻ˹ƣǶԾŷʾˡҪȻ㵱ΪԷɱˣ
ô˵Ƿ˹

˵ֹȻ֪ʱӰ缤ߡȻзִ磬޺;ŷΪе˼ǣҪһЩ̵Ҫͷˡԣ˳ܾô
㵹ǲľŷ˷˹ƵȫУȱ˵Ĵͷ׷ɱЦ󷽡͵ԼԾŷʾãǾӦ⡣Ҳͷ˹Ӳģ鷳
һ˹ӣѵ²ɣ
뿪ŷ֮żٶȣĿⲻɿһֱǵӡ
£㿪ŶԷĹ۸вòԸ
ҲĿ⿴ӣʵǿҪǵ۾źܶأ
ʶһ£Ӷ˿ҽܡ
ɨ˶ԷһۣҪûʲôĻʹ˸ɣ
仰ҲŭЦſ˵ѵ֪Ϊʲô۾𣿡
һ仰ôŤͷȷʵ棬һ۾ķôͻȻɢͻƵ۾ѡҪҵеĹؼδⲻǶԸ۾ĺֶΣ


966 
ʹмȤż˵δﵽ۾֮ǰֻһͨĴ涥塣˵ʥӼƽͬȼߣҪʤԷѡ
㾪ȲѣʵǺȻзԵʵûЩԵʣ벻ȷ˹ӲڴʱҪһЩôҲֻͨĴ涥塣
˵Ҫͨ涼޷սʤģҪͻƴﵽ۾ֱ죡ͻˣ
ҲԲԣЦһԼҲ벻־ԭΪԼʮпͻƣȴ벻һԵҲֹһͻƵ۾
ʲôԵ۾㣬ͻƵ۾ĻԵġ
㲻յǸˣҲ˵һŲ۾ĻԵһĵƶԳɴ޷ӡڲƥˡ
һǺδҲ˵ˣֻ֪ĵطҵõһҵֻͨԿʥӼˡȻΪһԵ˲˷һٲ˵۾ûеһ֪һǺֵأձ߲ۼиĵرʱٵأʱήһ˲ȴˮܵĵģ۾ڶƤµģЩطо˾һ½ʲô鶼ܷ֮޷⡣ҵĪıһŹУ׾پͲ˵۾
ʹĻ˶һۣԷеĴ㵡ֱ߸ǵۣ޷ˮһ龰
ǵȥ·𣿡ʵ½ĵطǺȤǰȥһġ
ҡҡͷֻǼǵһЩҪӡȴûֽܳĺۼһжɻҡ
ɫ˱䣬龳Ǹ˵һѵ˵ͬһط
λֻбһ棬λȴһٱ۾
Ĭһ漴˵Ϊδﵽ۾֮ʵ
ЦҲҲﵽ۾֮Լ˷쳣´ȥãԾһԶԼҪͿֲеޣûһֻڴģﵽ۾Ķ١ҺǴﵽ۾ʵסһδεΣҲǱһ۵ĹСʱҲ⣬ҵõ˲ٺñõʱϲ񡣡
˵⣬˶٣һӵҴˣǸطԳƲ۵Ķȴܴ˺Ȼڻĸʴҵķ򣬵ҷֵʱ򣬷ѾʴĲˣѿͳȻзϢȴʩչڷ֮ҲܵشǹҲʴҵԭΪҾˡܷͻȻһ꣬ǸʴĹˣˮ£ҵ建ĻָȻûе۾ʵȴҲд涥ʵұ֮ǰҵʵǿ̫ࡣ
һۣ̫ˣֱһۣһô治ɣ
ŵĺҲдǾ˳̾һ˵֪ΪʲôҪҩ𣿾Ϊǹµĺ֢ȻˮʪǲϢУϢҽ޷ٻص۾һ֮Ҿ뷽跨ҪҵһֵֵҪԵҩݣҲңϧôõĹǰȡ
˵ʹŻȻԷѹˣ
ЩΣɻʵ
Ǹطᱻ˷֣λʵǷ뽫Ҫлᣬܺλһǰ֪ԷȤ𣿡ֱֱĶ㡣
۾һ˵ʲôȴϵܱǸĸ㣬ֻǵһЩȥ·;Ǳȴ˶ǵá
һ仰͵Ťͷ㣬ò˼顣ҵȫ롣ѵ˺һľɣĿ㣬ƶɫ֪û˵ѣ
˼뵽ǸࣺȻ֪Ķ࣬ǲ顣
ԼĴ㣬˱ϾйҪǽȥ֮еҲҲһ
ˣջָ۾ʱλ˵
ȴԸߣ˵ҪǲĻȥҴ͡
ˣ㷭˷ۣҪ󡣴ǿ˲ž᲻÷Źˡ
ˣ˵ҩѾȫҲҪҺʱҩʦƳҪĵҩ
ʲôεĵҩͻȻ
ɻĿ㣬ôͻȻȤˡѯʣǿ˵켶Ʒҩ
ĬƷƷҩѾʮˣĵҩҲơ֮ǰҲһֱûƹĵҩһԼʵտ˵ҪǼҸҰƣ
ƣЩûɴ۾Ŀ㣬Ʒ켶ҩЩѾõҩʦƳƵɲһպľͷľͷÿһޱȡҵҩݣȴͷܲҵΪԼ֡
ôҲû뵽Ȼ˵ơⲻǿЦ
Ҳ۾һ֪ҩȻڴӦΪƾƷ켶ҩ̲סһ˵⻰϶лֳɹʡ̵ģȻ˵ҩǲ˵ԺԽһЩԼ
뵽⣬ͺȻЦȻ֪ʲô⣬˷˵ˣҾҲÿÿҹƣȥͻƱýҩĻһǾԲֵġ
ٺ٣ô˵ȻһЦҲ֪Լ뷨㲻ܴӦϾʵϣҪΪ׭˵ȷʵûʱ䡣
첻뵽ĻܲͬһƵҩͷ׭
뵽ıͨʩչδؾͲƵҩҪƵҩǡ
뵽̲ס˷Ǵҹ׭͵ҩô׭͵ҩ֧ţҪڷɶܡ
Ļʵ
ͷȷ˴뷨ȷʵƵҩ׭Ͼǻ켶ƷµĵҩơٸߵľҪƿأȻһԸˡϾﵽ߼ƷѾ൱ˣվҵϸ£Ҫʮ֮˾ʧܡ
㹻ˣ˷Ʒмҩ˷ˡ
˵ĶԻǾӶԷĶԻб¶пƾƷƷҩ찡һʥӼѵһҩʦҩͷɣоţ
ҪǴӦͰƣ˵ȻҪ£Ȼһѡ
ҪܰƳʲô֯Ҷ롣ҲһϵˣѸٵ˵ѵҪҩĶóݸ˵
ĽӹŴ˵ƳǡڱһЩ飬ȴ㡣
֪żҶ˼Ϣ˵ͷ˵ҾͲȥˣҪң
ҲҩģóΪΪһЩҩĵԼֵá
ãҵ㣡֣Һһǰ˵ʲôΣ
֮ϲһʵٴα˼֡


967 Ѫħʥ
ʹ뿪֮ѹȸȥѵҵҶ˼ϢȻԸȻǱߵʱҲ쳣СġԷƵۼ֣Ȼõʮɵ׼ȻԸⱻһˡ
Ѫħ˵һʮ׺ݿֲ͵ۼֻа˲ͬǣѪħȴݬ룬֪٣ÿһ˶ڶһ塣
ֻһڴ½ãһֱײеݳ֡ܶȺǵѪʳɱˣȴûѪħڱ𣬴ܿóѪħǿ
ڵۼ˽ǳֻ֪ÿһۼǿĹ̵֡ۼֶﵽ۾ۼ׶ǿȴ֪ҺѪħΪУ֪ۼһȻֻаˡ
һ·ۣܿ͵һѵϿȣ㵽ʱһŹɹɿֲ𵴶ɹ𵴶ķơֲܰǬŤתԶԶվţܸоб
ԭܼܲλ֣Ǵʱһ龰֪϶ơ
Ӱܿ͵һϿȡʱϿȾɣʯ䣬ֲϵı˺ѿռһ㡣ɹɿֲʯ֮䣬Ҫһ㡣
ڳһУĸߣĸ߶ͷһѪɫӡǣӡ͸¶Ѫȣֱֳ趯趯֮۷򱩶С
һŻգûгֻ֣ͷӡǵѪ죬ݵ룬Ҫûв´ĻλӦþѪħڵʥӰɡ
Ѫħͷб趯趯֮ȻӦشױȵѹУֲ޷ͻƶԷѹ
䡭䡭
аֲϵıһ𵴣ѣϿȲϵݣһϿȣʱһѵ䣬ѵ䣬ǧĴʯѹ£ڵϣ棬ֲ
ʯɣĩһ㣬رʯŰʮġ
㿴ųеҲ̾ѣʵֲ˿ֲ˺ȻɱҴ˱ܹشȻ֮ǰһƬ´ҪȻΪҲ㡣
໡
໽һֲ𵴶ֱضȥݣǱʯĺ£׵ĻɻҡʯĩգϿȵĲľ𣬲ҽʵķ顣
ϼһ̫ǿˡҪ֮ǰ´˶κεסһͷ󺰵
ձضҪɱӵ£֪ܷʥһãһѪħͷһ۹ۿѪħʥӺ
ѪħʥüͷΧǿޱȵֱ趯ʥһͷС
ʥİ˵ʱǣֲķ֮˹ȥ
˿ֲ֮䣬ѿһ޴ѷ죬ѷɲ⣬ͬһ㣬ϿȵӴܣǵĴ򶷶Щ˵ĩһ㡣
˱ľ£ɫҲ䣬ķ򱩶ֻӭȥ
䡭
ֲײһľһɨһƬϿٴηԭѵϿȣʱһ˿ѵģ
ʥ£ҲɫЩ԰ףȻһܵش
ѪħʥӼһĻųкϼһѶҪȻ֮ء
ΣȻˣȴɫѪħʥӴҲ֮ǰٵ֮ĺ𣡡
֮ĿҲĿתƵϣдżֲţȻѾõ֮ˣл
𲻼öôƷн׵ѣڵۼȻ˵ʲôһĹЧǾ֮ĵϣ֮Ļһ㡣
ӵ֮ģӵĻǾ͵绢
㲻Ҫڤ粻飡ѪħʥӶʱڱУΪ㻹Ӵ𣿺ߣ֮ĵ⣬ӺγǴ⣡ҪΪӵ֮䵽У
һ仰ŭ۶ѪħʥӣѪħʥһˣһ·׷ٶѪħʥȡ֮ģʱϲΪˣᡣ
ͬԤϵʵȻ֮û뵽¶Էµľ֣Լ˶ԷͲõĴСͷΧ˴ʱվ
ϼһ֮ĺ𽻳˵һˣһѪħʥӶŭ
סԷһɫӲ԰˼֣Σ
֪ѪħʥӺߵһѪħͷʵǲȥ˵˷˳𣿡
үѾˣǴ˴ε۾ˣһӡͷش
仰ɫ䣬ѪħʥӺ㵽ʲô
ѪħʥӹЦûʲôֻǲһЩ˹ȥǵۼһȺѾ߸ץľɱˡǵۼĲ˵Ů˵ǺƯһӵ¯ÿһǲܡ
ŭɫкû뵽ԼԷƣԼѹȣƺõġ
ϼһΣҪǰѶó˵ŹǡѪħʥӶ˵
סԷһδιҪȥҪȻȻҪĹ
ѪħʥЩͷˣһûˣ岼µĴס㡣ټͷֳʥʰˡ
ԷĻ޵ֱҧȴûа취ԼȻǿֳʥҲοԷĴѹʵ޷£ǽִ·磬սȥֻһ;ߡ
ϼһͨûУͨ˾Ͱ֮ĽѪħʥӶŶԷŭ
Էŭһ趯ӵĿֲϵıֱԷȥֲԵԺ
ǣҲƲ˶ԷĴɱѹУι޷ȥ
˼״һԱ򣬻ֱɨ
ɹɨ֮һ㣬ֻɨ
ϺĲϵĵˣֲͬʱֲһδεסҲһ˿˿ѪҺ
ѪħӼԷڤ粻飬ֵŭһͷ󺰵Ҫ飬ֱɱ˶ԷҪ֮ģߣ֮ıҲҪʱ䣬ʱ䣬ӵҪλ١
ͷĹ˲ѸѸ͵£ɫɫ䣬¶壬ĿѪҺ
Ѫɫҧֵʱһ𣺡ӵܷһ棬ӵɱ
ȴɫ𶯣ѪħӸɫ䣬Ŀ⿴һ߳һӰ


968 ȳ
̤ͥһ㣬顣ÿһ̤̤Զľ룬һƬӰ
ѪħʥӼ״üͷδ͵ߣԲһ򵥵رǶԷٶȣݡ
˭ѪħʥӶ㣬ɫϾҪʰˣͻȻһİˣԸ⿴ġ
СһѪħʥЦ֪طֱҲ޷Ͼ̫࿡ˣʥӼﶼ٣ԼȻϽмȴ
ÿ춼֪ţϽǵ¼򣬱Ҳ⡣
ǣ˵Լݣվһ鷳ҪǶԷ֪ԼӵĵӣǾͲʰˡ
Ŷԭһݶ˵ͷڹꡣѪħʥЦĿ⿴㣬ﲻܴģ뿪
ЦеĿѪħʥӣɨһڴ򶷵ˣͻȻЦǲ´סҪҳǵĴļƻЧ𣿡
Ѫħʥɫ䣬˵ң
Цʲôҵģ㶢Ѫħʥ˵ӵҪʶȤѯʼ⣬ΪСΣ
ӴܱвѪħʥӶ㣬ʲôˣӹӵļƻݱ˴š
Ҫ˵Ļֻܵˡ㶢Ѫħʥ˵ܽΣһҪõԼҪϢҲˣҪƿǸκβ
Ѫħʥ۶㣺ǰƿ󣬿Ϊл𣿡
ûлᣬԲ֪ˡӰٵ趯ĵ۳ֱһͷȥ
ѪħʥȻͷӰǰҪλͷȹһء
Ѫħʥֱ趯ʱѪ̱ǵѪζȥϢضȾѪҺƵġ
ѪؿֲĹâìһ㣬ֱֱĴ㣬ֲ˺ȻѹȺײС
˿ֲһӰܿһһݣһֲĵ֣˹ǿ̫࣬λĪ̩ӶҪǿ١
ܿһѪħʥ˵ӴʱûȤ㽻֣ҪʶȤ͸ϽҪȻӽվѪڴˡ
㲻ϻڵУֱֳһĮ飬˿Σ
ǿֻͨ𾳵ڱ˵ֲܿǶѪħʥȴˡ
ѪħʥȻоǿȣֵסһЦĶ㣺ӻǿʵҲ뻵Ҵƣֱ֪
ѪħʥӲмһͨĴѣƽɱʱȻ鷳ǳıӵ
ѪħʥӲԸ˷ʱ䣬ѪѪ֮УѪȵϢǶ£Ҫɻ𡣵ǣѪҪϵʱȴѾʧԼѪ£ֻĲӰ
ѪħʥӾȵʱоһ磬۵ۣ͵ĴӺ󱳼˶Էһ
ףѪħʥӾȵĿһۣѹָ鷳ˣԭٶȡ
Ц㲻֪Ļء
˵꣬趯һ⼤Ī⣬ⲻϱá۳֮ͨܰѵ뽣У½ʩչͬĵ⡣ʽȻȲͨȴҲСӡ
ѪħʥĽŰ£Ҳ˼־һѪ趯趯֮䣬סһ
мֱ£ƽ𾳵ǿˡǣȴǱӵĶ֣ͰɱˡѪħʥӵסһ⣬ѪѪ𶯾ֱȥ
һ·ֱ񷶼ķ飬ֱ㡣
㿴ŶԷôһɫѪħʥӲǴʵֲϢʥӼУֻΨĲܱȵɡ춼ñȵȻóǴɱҪǱȴɱĻΨĺѪħʥԶԶȲϡ
ÿֲʥӣ𺳣Ӱȴһ߲ӰӰȴܿһ
潻棬ԼǶԷĶ̫֡ˣȴԼƣңεٶȣڲ֮ء
ѪħʥԭΪһ׵ɱˣȴû뵽ֻǰĲӰķֱԤϣ
ӵ£ҲҪɱң㻹񡣡Ц
ѪħʥӺһۿ˵Ҳ뻵Ҵƣ
ЦҲδأ㵱㶷ôǸģסѡ
Ѫħʥ͵һֲõԤУȻͷոͷŭ֮
Ѫħʥ͵Ťͷ´֮ڴ֪֮ʱһӰӰֲһȭһȭǿâʢ˺أӴ֮⣬ֻĶȥ
ͷҪסԷĻȻŹᣬϧȼվѪסˣڲֻ֣ĿŶԷġ
Ѫħʥɫ䣬£ӰסӰ󣬿ԷᣬһȥѶԷ
ѪħʥŭŶ㣬ŭ⣬ޱȣѪѪȵϢħʮ㣬֮ضҪħƵġ
ӵ²Ҫɱѵڲɱ𣿡㵲סѪħʥӣѪħʥӵĶ֣ʱסһʱȴڻ¡
ò˵ԷĴǿֲģֱ˼Σûƿ
࣡ڶõ࣬౩ûǧӰĵ⣬һʵֱӳ
ͨһڷǿߵкֲڴϣѣԭɵĴ𵴣ʼɢѣĴѡ
Թƣ繥ȴ׵Ķ࣬ûλͷĸţΣݣķͬѩһ鲼ռ䡣
ڴѵһ˲䣬˲伤ӳ
ѪħʥӿԼôõľ־ǰˣɫŤĶ㣬ҧгݵıĳʡ
ۿ˶ԷһۣȻѶԷĻϣѪħ彫ҪΪеģԼвɣ
ƿͷ㻯ߣӰҲ֮䣬Ѫħʥңңԡ
Ѫħʥһۣ漴㿪ڵллӣ
ҡҡͷ㲻лңǰֻǰеõһЩϢѡ
ŹֵĿ㣬֪ʲôϢѪħΪС
֪ģ˵Ȼӡ˵
˵˵ͷ漴Ѫħʥ˵ӵ£ʱûдİʤǡ͵ΪֹΣ
ȫսͷͻȻʰѪħʥӡսֲúáȻҲ֪ԼҪɱԷͬѡԣ㿪飬ʱֻ֪Ҷ˼Ϣ


969 ˸
ѪħʥӶ㣬ðź⣬˿ֿ˿ߵĻɫѿ㡣һҪ´ԸԷһ۾ǿߣѾˡ
ʣ֮ĲŰѶԷСδﵽԼﵽĿľͱԷˡ֮ĶȥˣԸʹ˷
뿪Ըǽ֡Ѫħʥ˵
ѪħʥҧݣһͷĶ㡣ʵʱȴ죺Ѫħʥ׷֣ʰΣ
ں֮£ճӰΪ׵Ƿ˹ӺĪ̩ӡ
㿴۾һرע⵽ӣǲÿ˿ûηĲȻʵﵽ۾
㻹겻ɢ㶢ŷ˹˵֮ǰûɱǴ󡣡
˹Ķ㣺ҵĶ⣬һҪӱĳ㡣
ǾͿ㱾ˡĵɨ˶ԷһۣĿ⿴ߵĪ̩ᣬĪ̩ӱ
Ī̩ӿЦشӽҲҪѳһλͬأһгشҵĳһҪ
Ǻǣҽ쵹룬Ҫҵ鷳Ҳգձ͸ᡣĿ⿴һȺˣѪħЦӵƺͻȻ֮ôְ㡣
ѪħʥӿЩˣͬüЩ˲޽ǴӴʱ龳Źͬĵ˵ġɨһķǿߣҲ΢΢İЩ˵İԼȡ֮Ļпܵġ
λһϣͬʰΣѪħʥ
㡣˹Ķ㣬׵ʱδ
Ѫħӵ飬Ȼû顣Ī̩ЦеĿ㣬ͬһ
ͻȻðôˣ̲ס˵ܲϲȻôҪ
ʼ磬ε˵ĸ˧ԵҵĴڣעҪ¶ϣֻ취ңܸı״̬
ɨһۣ漴һ˵ǰ꣬ÿһıÿһЩ
ۿ˵û۹⣡ˣ˼ͬҲ곤дķϣƽϡ
ʮߣûƷλԼĸɾĺ룬ƮĺڷԸжǴʱȴѺ촽һɢԵǧŮϢˣȻΪȲ϶쵰
ҪǸҳؼƣתߡ˹ֱֱĶ˵
Ц˵Ц֮ǰܳ㣬ʱҲܳ㡣
ڤ粻飡˹ӺһʱŸϵ˳ǵһλػǰ׷㣬һǾԲݵġԭһ۾ûģϾĻ̫ǿˡ
û뵽Ī̩ҲҶԷ鷳һļͬʱǰѪħӣעҪʰġ
Ī̩ҲЩ˷ܣĶ㡣ʥҺвʣоͷͬȥ·;ȴ˵Էˣʵܱ۾
ʧ׼ȥٰǿߣ˹ȴס˵һԸԷʥҺĪ̩ȻӦ
ӪӴ󣬿ǵΪʰң㶢һȺˣҲЩȴ䡣
ԷʥӼ۾Լȴֻ۾ԼǰͰˮʥӼѾȫûˡ
ʰ׾٣Ī̩ӹЦҪǰѶܴӦ뿪
ѵ˹ûи㣬Ƕõˣ㿴Ī̩ӴЦ
Ī̩ɫһ䣬Ŀ⿴˹ӣŭ⡣вϲԷԼ
Ī̩ӲҪơ˹˵ûңҲδ˵
ߣĪ̩ӺһŤͷ˹ӣĿ⿴˵ΣնȻҪϴҵȡ
֪һսɱ⣬һҲǴƵģҪսȥ׶༪١
֣ҵĻϣס۾˾ԸɡһлӣҪߵ˵
ܶԿʥӼһȻҲ˶١Щĵʵ
Цһʼܵס۾𣿡
ҡҡͷǼޣԷбϾʥ
ǲˣֻҵĻˣһ
ʱ֣ԾĿߵĻȲѣĻ
ûлشӰǰһ˵δһｻ֣վͺսһΣ
֪ѪħЦʥӼҲҺԼ˽֡ǣһʵȾ𾳵ȴԼ֣ⲻǲ֪ʲô
ѪħЦһһ㣺ȻûвȫĵģѪⱾӶȻúõʳ
һ仰÷˹ӺĪ̩˶ëȻҲ֪Ѫħ·ʽвݣȴûб¶
֪⽫һӲսʵԷһѡҪԿȴ졣ͬʱ֣ԼҪܵѹơ
ƾٶϣٶʥӼڲ֮ءҪٶȱѹƣʵʹۿۣԷ˹Ӷѡ
ǣʱȴƵ·ˣֻӭս
˹Ҳ֪Ļ֣õ۾ΧаĻᡣ
վҪѪڴˣĪ̩Ӷ㣬Ʊӿƴ˷ϯţֲ֯һ𣬻һˡ
ѪħʥȻʾѪѪĹââɨ֮Ψлеһжݣͬ֯ȥ
֮£˹ӵͲˣֲͬۻɽ壬շѹ£֮һ㡣
ͬʱ֣Уһ𵴣ֲϯ֮䣬Χ롣
˽֯ɫ䣬ͬʱֲֿѹִ˵ʥӼϣ֮㿴˱Ե۾һս֮֯£۾ķ򶼲õ۶ɡ
ðź⣬ӿֲ̫ˣԼͲǶ֣һսս
һߣ۾֯취򣬷â鲼ѹȣأŲɿ֮
ɨϾǿʢޱȡâͬϼһãſա
Ҳɫ˱䣬ĿⲻɿĻסѾǼޣͲ֪ԷĻܲΪסҪܵĻһս֮ҪǲܵĻǡ
Ĳ²УĻҲֲŭһ㣬Ż֮ѶԷƶѹ£ڣ˺Ѵأѿһ޴ѷ졣
״ɫϲģСӾȻĻ
˲ʮ㣬ŻȵһƿǵĹǿǲǺ۸ġ



970 Ҫ
ͻסλ۾ʩչâӿضķ顣âϾھ£һ㣬춼ͱƣϯϿݡ
ͻס۾ѪħӶЩľŭһ˺أǿʢޱȣֱɨȥҪû
ɱ㣡ѪħʥŭѪʳȥ
Ӱ趯ŵǬձŤ֮û뵽֮УϢɢȵֱԷѪ޶ȥ
߽һ㱻ĵֲϯըѿͬһϵĳ
ԿѪħʥˣ֪Լƽʽãһ־ͨǣѪħʥӵǿ̫ࡣԼʩչͨǶԷĶ֣ͨķ顣
Ȼŵסһʱ䣬Ӱ뿪ѪǷΧ뿪㲢û˶ɳڣ˹նſգ貹âֱ㣬Խռľ룬ֲ
ŭһǶȴ˿òӭȥԾŵǬֵ֮Է߽˹Ӻͬʱ
Ī̩Ӽʱǻᣬһɨ˹ŰԵ֮Ƭ̾͵ǰ
ңΣҡֱϾǧ
ɫӰԲ˼ĽǶŤͻȻҡϣ˲䵽ǧ֮⣬˲һ㣬ܿĪ̩ӵһĪ̩һ֮ϣΪ֮˺ѣֲ
֮Ѫħʥüͷۿ㡣ʱŷ֣Զ󵽵׵Ҫ
һ˵סʥӼĹӰǾ޴ġÿһʥӼͬ޵еĴڣܷ˹һЩȴҲֻǲһΧȻסһǷ˼ġ
ǿ˶һۣеءʥӼΧһˣ⴫ȥȻ𶯵ģ
һۿ㡣ʥӼ֣ȻֵĻǶȻҪնɱҪȻʥӼɱһֻǿȾ𾳵ñ˼Ц
Ҫ֣ȡһ棬ѹٶȡûٶȵƣɡѪħʥӶ˴󺰵
Ѫħ˵꣬ѪڣѪ֮ϳ۹ĵѪ룬ŭأɱȥ
ɣѪħʥǿģǧѪسһƣ𶯾֮㣬ٶȿ磬˲ǰ
ۿѪħʥӣȫû֣־ɱС㲻Сӣֱ趯ʩչԷȥûʲôܵסġ
ǿֲģսʥӼѪħʥӵ潻ҲռϷ磬ѪħӵѪħѪдŲ֮ɫ޷һôͻȻֱǷ˼
ܵڷѪѪħʥ۶㣬ʱУƿ˷˹ӺĪ̩Ȼ浲ס˵ڶĹ
ʧ񣬰Χ룬ɫ
һ߻ս۾ǿֲģս۾˿·磬֮ƿֲȻɨǧ貵Ĺâϱա֮䱩ϵԶ޶
ͻսϵĵĿֲ۾ͷһսǼҵģ˶ʩչ£Ƿ޷⾪ˣĴ𺳵ˡ
صǿ߶Ȼڿն𣬲ƪĿ⿴ߵսðź⡣
찡һôսķˡ
ƬǿԶԶĿߣɫ壬ӽŰԺ
ѪħӿǱ۾òˣ΢΢üͷĿĿ㣬СӵԵʣԼ޷õ֮ĺ
ѪħʥŭٴαӲţһֱסǵĹ
˵꣬ٴ㣬ǧƣ譹ҫۣӿ²ɵҪס
ѪħӵĴ򶷾۾Ĵһξ룬һЩҲһĻһ̲סڣԲ۾ĿųбΧ㣬д𺳺Ͳš
ʥӼΧһˣ
˸оԼѪҺȼʥӼΧһˣص顣ĸδܵסʥӼΧ
ѪħӣĪ̩ӡһЩۼϳˣǾѡ˶ǺպƽҲôͷǴ˿̾ȻΧһˡ
ⳡе˭˺֮ȻʥӼΧ
ʥӼΧնʥӣ˲˵괫һ仰һĿֱֱĶ㡣мһҲʥӼɣ
ĸʥӼ֣ͬõ󿿽˶⵽׷ʲôʥӼشƽһ֣ʱȻĸ
мδ̫ˣȻսʥӼ
˾ǲ̫۾򶷵ֻܰĿתƵѪħʥӵĴ򶷣ƾһ֮סʥӼΧһѪҺڣֲ̫ˣ
Ȼ֪˶𺳣ʱУһϵıʩչҲѵס˵ĺĲϵɣѪ
ʥӼǿֲģҪӵбͨңΣˡɾˣǱѪѪ

㲻ͬǣһͻϱսǳֲֿ۾ϺˣȻռϷ硣
Ҳϲѣ⻯̫ԤϣֱǿĿֲȻֻǿͨ۾սȴѹ۾似۾ֲ
ܵס۾㻯ռϷ磬ҵ˶ԷһʱԷһشռƺ಻Ĺϱ˶ʱơ
ѪħʥȻҲһĻɫѿĶǰ㣬Ϊ
ղѪʳ㣬ĲΪˡ
۶ŶԷǴżЦ˷ģעǱ
˵֮䣬֮ҲֱֲͺƵ׵ɨֲ
˲òϣȷʵǿսֲȲʥӼսȫܿʥӣֶβսôȻѪȴ޷һ
вʣһͻռϷ磬֪ʱɱһһڳǾҲκεˡ
뵽⣬˵ĹǱ
Ҫ֣һͨһɱ
ѪħʥӶ˺Ѫ񱩵ĳȥ
һ仰òզ࣬ɴ۾ĿѪħʥˣʥӼΧһˣȻƵͬʱʩչͨ굽˭µ˺Ȼˡ
˾Ȼ׼ͨɫҲ˱䣬һҧݣĶѪħʥӣǶͨ𣬵Ҿûͨ𣿱Ҫǵ
˹ô˵뵽ڷ˳ǵһɫ䣬ѪħʥӺֱ֣ɱǧʱʩչһС
ѪħʥӲ⣬Ǽ˹ɫأҲСӣͷĪ̩һ𱩶ڳ


971 ޶Ծ
סҡֱϱܿ˵Ĺ˹Ӵ󼱣ѪħӺĪ̩Ӻ֪һеĿֲ˴
ЦϣܿˣǴżֲм˵ǵ׶֣ǱҪʩչһǻܵס𣿡
˵ʱ򣬵ͷĵʹȱ죬˿ֲ
۶ǧһӰӣʱ⻪޴ƣƽϢʮ㡣
˹Ӵ󼱣ɫ䣬ѪħʥӺĪ̩Ӵ󺰵ǿͷͨҪǵ֯һ𣬵ãסһ
ѪħʥӺĪ̩˼˹ˣ΢΢üͷԷͨѣõ˭ͨͨȷʵֲҲֵС
˹Ӽ˿ΪȻı飬죡֪ƨԷһ۾شҪǲȫ֣»Դ
ѪħʥӺĪ̩Ǻ˹ŭɫ˲ֻ˹˵һش۾֮ɫܲϲ˹ӣվǱͨ֯һ
ѪħʥӶ㱩ľ޴ƣȴɣԷش۾δ̫˼ˡ
˹ӵصı飬վ˼֣Աֲͨ֯һ𣬿ֲ
⿴ŵ˹ŹֵĿһĻʥʲôͨȻ֯ѵֻΪ˵סԷһƲɣʥӼͨųܵס۾һ˾ȻͬʱֵͨԷһУδ̫Сˡ
˹ŹֲѵĿˣǺܿǾ׶ԷΪʲôôˣֻ趯貹â֯𾪶䣬ֻʣ¾ƣ޹⣬ɽһ֮ʧɫ
ʱͬһ飬˿裬趯һƴĵھ֮Уֲ¡
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Ī̩ӺѪħʥ׷˹ΪʲôɫˣޱԱֲȫӿԼ֮ͨС
ģðδֲ̫ˣ
֮ǰֻǾԷֶκٶȣǴ˿ȴˣôܱġ
ǱͨСԴͨңͨһͨҪԶԶ
Ѫħʥŭ޷⣬ͨҲǴܴġ
˰£ֽ֯ľƽ֯ȥ
࣡𣡡
һһ㱬ѿ׵ķ飬˲˱һ
䡭
ֲĳҫ۵Ĺâ䣬Ű򶷵˿ڵ۾ĳڵ˵ߡ
ԲǧΪ֮𶯣½Ծֵһֵ۾Ŀȥɴ۾Ŀһߣߴ򶷱ƣȻԽǡ
âϣҫ˲񷣬ͷᴩأ𺳡
ʱ˶ϵɰƣ̲֮סڵأŹâǵգں顣
޵ĶԾ
˶ĿĶ֮ϣűâֵգһþֲҲΪѾܴݻˡ
ϵıըһĻ˶ͷţһë
ʥӼ찡ֲ̫˰ɡ

˶Ŀ⺧ȻĶ֮ϣ֮ϵɲϵıŰ֪ݣղŽĻָһЩƽ֮ϣĸӰ˿ңѪѪҺ
ѪħʥӺĪ̩ӷ˹ɫ԰ףһɹѪҺͬùѪӿ֡ߺĿֲ֣ͬش
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ѪħʥһͬɫѿͬоҪƵģʹޱȣ˴һشңҪǶͨ֯Ա´ʱܲվŶ⡣
Ķǰ꣺ɱ
˹ӿѪǰҲ¶˺ɫ굱˳޴棬ʱشô꣬һܵĴ
˶͵Ŀ㣬ͣò˼顣δ̫ǿʥӼǿȻһ˵סˡ˵ʥ֮ϡ
뵽⣬Ǿ̲סһֲ̫ˣˣѵǴ˵Уʥ֮ϵ𣿡
𺳣۶㣬Ǿ塣
ѪħʥӿſѪ㣬ܵҵϢһĶ˵ӵԤϡǣ͵Ϊֹˡӿ㻹ʲôֵҡ
˹Ȼ֪һ֮ѣ˵ҵĳ裬Ҫȡ
б¾㵥ڵϣ˵֮仹ڿѪ϶ޱȣȴǿޱȡ
ѪħʥӺĪ̩Ӷһۣ˶Էе֮ɫȻʱǿʤһǹ֪СӻûаСﵽҲбֶΡ
ûаУƶһЩ֣аҲκǲˣбٴʩչһ
Ī̩Ķ㣬дźɫ
Ѫħʥӵ˵ͷʩչʽѾˣҲشվǿаУԼûֻҪʩչһǾͲ¡
˹Ӷ㣬ǰ߶֮ѪǣĳջĶ⣬ҲҪ
㿴ŷ˹кʮ㡣սֵزʱûս֮ˣǲܱ衣
һŷ˹˵ұΪУƫƫҪˡȻˣƴŵŷɱΣ
ԲѣڣҲɱң˹ӼΪм۶㣬·һĪЦ㻯ס㱻ش˵϶кסң
۲˵ֱֱĶŶԷѪܲԸ⶯Ѫ֮ǵֵزȥѪ֮ǱռϷ磬ԼѪ֮ʵܱǣʱѹƣսˡ
˹ȴ㻹кУһ̤ǰܱۿЩëȴǿԴǰ
ѪħʥӺĪ̩Ҳǰվһ߱ƽ㡣
Ѫ֮ʱȴһܷ߲ʲţƾճ֮ϣӷгһоϤɣ£
㵱ھŽһģһһŷʥŮ
˹ɫҲһ㶣̧ͷŷ㵲ѣʥŮ£
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˹ӵĻû˵꣬մ򶷵ĵ۾ͷػ߳ϣҲ£
λͷԼʥŮĻȻִУ˲һĻѪħʥӵ˿üѣ


972 ŷʥŮ
˹ȻʥŮ»ǰߣȻŹᣬ˵ʥŮ£ȱʰҾŷµ˵
˹վǰһҪ֡
ס֣ŷʥŮдŭ⣬ŷ˹Ӻһһŵ۳ķ˹Ӵͣԭء
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˹Ѿţ֡ȴһۼ£һסŷʥŮ𣺡˵һ飬£
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ҺԻʥؽ㵣ġʥŮµ˵ɡ
˹ȻʣʥŮڣٲҲֻĶ˵ҵĳһỹġ
ЦһҲ˹ӣҪǱ˺Χʰ׾١ɻǣ쳣Ϥһֱ벻
ŷʥŮڱ˷˹֮󣬷תѪħʥӺĪ̩ӣдλӵ£֪ɷһ棬ҰΣд
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ѪħʥӼһĻ֪Ҫʰˣûоŷİæռơ
һѪħʥӿ˵ʥŮ¿ˣӵҲǿʥŮ»סһʱܻסһ𣿡
ӵ¶ˣֻЩҪǰȥ˵һ£޻ס˼ŷʥŮȻУЦ
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ŷʥŮԶԷĺҲ⣬ߵ˵벻۾ٴγˣǰǰǰ﹬һ𣬲֪ǰܷƼݣ
ɨ˷һۣٿһ˵ŷ﹬룬θƳ١
ӦĿ˵㣡ͷҲȥ﹬һɡ
һ𣬸ǰٷ֮ȷʥŮԼԼδ˵Լ֣ԷܽгȻʶԼԺлˣζ벻
ȻǰӶԷԷ޶⣬ȫΪԼΧȻԷȻԸѪħĪ̩彻ԲһԼǰ﹬
ӦѪħʥӺһ˵տʥŮµķϷŹ㣬ټȻҪ
Цһ˶ûɱңո롣
ѪħʥɨһۣҲ˵Ŀ⿴˵ȥǵۼѪħնȻϹŵĳӣۼٵ
ѪħҪб£پǡߵǺϹһۼ˴ľӴܡ
һĵۼѣ㵱ϹŵĵۼɣѪħʥ˵֮ĿʥŮµķϾ͸Σۼҳ嶨Ȼǡ
ѪħʥӵĻ㵹զ಻ѣû뵽Ϲžг¡ۼѪħ壡
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ŷʥŮȻûиԷ֮ͣ䣬ۼķ˶ʧѹȡ
˿ѾݵĲӵѹȣһոҪ˵ǾսҲΪ
ԭ㣡ŷʥŮĳƺһּˡһƬٴζһǿʥӶҪǿƼֵ
ڲϣŲķɣʱоȫʹ͡һս̫ңЩҪٴΡ룬ҪʥӼжԶҪܶԶսȥ˴ҪǶԷԼмӣ½Ҫд
Ϣ壬ĿȴǰķǾ˵˭
벻ͨҲˣĿ⿴ҲȻڵϢϢ
뵽Լһǰ﹬ҲѯʶԷҶ˼ϢĵĿʼƲᣬǵԼİָļ죬ǳ޷ġ
㱻ֱ˷﹬﹬ۼͬһֻˡ۰ɢ߲ʹâȻûн﹬Ǳڷ﹬Ŀͷ
﹬ѾģǰתƣĿֻûмŷʥŮ
ѯһѾ˵ʥŮأ
Ѿ߷㣬һֱ´ҲɬȴУΪҲ˵ˣȻԴʵشоͷĲҰףŮвģȻϲǿƵ
ʥŮҪǰȥдУҵȷ̹ӣѾߺ˵ѾеǾȣʥŮƽгסߣȴû뵽ס
ŶͷѾЦȥɣҲ÷ˡ
㵹ֵòѾ߷Լʱ˲ƵҪѪָ֮ƣԲԸѾ߼
Ѿ߼ô˵Ըһ󣬿Ҳ˼ڣֻܽߵ뿪
뿪֮ѷŹȡһЩҩתͬʱͷҲĳһצӡǡ
һѶͷŷ̵ӡǣпЦѪ֮ǿƽԼ̫áҪûӡǣǸöáΧҪɲ١Ѫ֮ʵ١
Ѫ֮ȥȣЧҲһ͸УһѪ֮кϢҲʼȶԭҵϢƽ
ҲʳһŵҩŵҩҩɢϵԼѪ֮忪ʼĻָ
ָٶȼ죬ֱ˼ԭҵϢ˲ƽȣϵľͷϵļ
һԼڵ£㷭ڵѪҲƽϢ
һʱоָ߰˰ˣҪǱ֪Ȼޱȡȴ֡
ʥŮ£ջѪ֮ʱͻȻһѾ׼ľͰϴˢһ£õ·Ҳ⡣
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㿴ɫŮˣ㵲ѣôҲû뵽Ȼ
㣿㵣͵ĿǰŮӣ㵹û뵽ǾȻټ֮ա


973 
ŮųĺڷͬԼһ崿ףʣƮӨ͸ã˫۾һеһ㣬ȪӨ͸峺ޱȡ
ǰӵ縡͹á֫ϸĲһգһ۶ܸоŮһ޷Ŀ飬ÿǿ峺ޱȵӣһĻо͵һμʱһġ
ôʶСˣߣСڴԭͬȻˡŮԸޱȵ촽İԹľŮ˸Ȼˣ·һ˲䣬Լ
Ц룬Ҳû뵽ŷʥŮǵڴԭں׳֮һԿǣҲͬ
ֻȵɬʱԲһЩѹԼϤȴһֱ벻˭ˡ
벻㻹ʶС㣡ɴ۾Ŀ㣬鶯۾ʮ峺㶢ȴܰȻ㲻òƿ۾
ЦôǣûǷҺܶණ
㻹˵ƺһЩʲô׺ݺݵĶ㣬ΪƭСĻʬۣǲֶΡһ·ϣҲû۸С㡣ߣ
۽еѾ߶ɴ۾һ㵵ĿʹĲ˲۾Ҫ֪ԼǲǿˣԼʥŮ¾Ȼ¶СŮ˵ģǰԣ
ѾǾҪѣˣź͸߸ϵʥŮ
Ȼûв㣬Ц˵㻹һƭȥǿѵĶЩˡ㻹˼˵ң˳һʮ壿
㻹õôӦøлС㣡
Ǳб£Ҫǻˣ˵Ĳˡ

һһ䣬ϵ̭ԷСһ첱Ӵ֡
ЩѾ߼ԼʥŮ¾ȻΪһЩëƤ¶࣬ǾԴˣЩûȥ̫ͽܵķˡ
ִȴһЦЦЦ泩á
Ǹ˵ģʱͬȴֵûһʱ䣬ʱ˻ζ
㻹㲻ʵϴھŽôţһѪħʥӡЦ㣬ɫиոյ࣬Ⱦһ֬ɫһȻ
㲻òϣŮѾɳһȻǧ̬˶ĵŮˡ
Ҳûа취˵˧Уÿߵһ鷳
ޣһ㻹˲Ҫ
Цû뵽ôȻǾŷʥŮ£֪ҾͶˣҲᱻ۸
˷ۣ֣Ҳҵ˾ΪɲȾŷʥŮ
ʼ֪ѾϳˡͲʲôʥӵ£ǱΨ׷ɱ
Ļ㵣ڱһ仰࣡Ȼˣ
֮󣬾͹Цƺһٺ泩Ƶġ
㿴ǰ֦չŮˣεʼ磬һǰ˲٣Ҫ·ˡ
ܿͷһĻݺݵĵһۣǼڸĵעӣվûа취ֻܶݺݵвҾͰ㽻˳ǵλӡ
ʼ磬ȻһЦ˵ҪҾ͸Ǽʱ̹ҺʶһУǾʱʶģҽ˲֮Ե
һ仰ԱߵѾߵɴ۾ʧ͵Ŀ
찡ԭʥŮºͶԷʶģѹʥŮºˡ
ԭҲûĺ˵ע⵽ԱѾߵı飬ŷӦһڵ˵˵ʲô
ûк˵ǲôʶ𣿡޹˵
ᣬԼֱһѡ治벻Լĵϻ۸ĵŷ嶼Լ㡮̹ˣ
뵽µĺһѾ˵׼ǵĶԻȥûС
ū֪ЩѾ߸Ͻ˵ϵĴЦݣѾȷ˵ˣҪȻʥŮΪá
ѹˣԭܡѹסˡ
ЩѾߵı飬֪֪Էʲôȴֻܽͣܵһۣ֪ȴ¿ˮ̵ֹˣ̫ԵˣȻ˼˵Ȩᡣ
ûӻЩѾȥٺ˵˵Ѿߵ档
Ѿ֮ǰһ͵ЦȻΪҪ㵥
Ѿȫ뿪ʱȥϸָסĺݺݵ˵㡣
˵ϣһ𣬵㴫ıͷܸоǰѹԼȻû⵽㣬˫ֿ㣬ָоۣʮ
һ󣬼ûзӦüһ㣬ŷԼƣ˵ϣĽģ㣬߶ܸоԷϴ
ͬһɫ糺죬ͬһţޱȡ
ʲôռռռžǣֲշѡʼ磬˵
ôһ˵һռˣСЩͱƭˣǰͲ㣬һϵԺദöۡ
̾һ޹˵ҵġҪҲ㣬Ҫ㣿
˵꣬Ҫȥ
㿪ЦŲĵ

̾һôѵģԼˣԼҲˡ
Ů˰Ȼ޷⣡
ҡͷԵĸ̾ôһ䣬ֱӣһطʵôͻȻܵ
ˣԾˡ
ޣСû˵ˡҪ˵ѣܲܲôαһοֲ֪򡣡
Цѵ֪֪ǧ꣡Сôѵסң
Ŷ䣬ȥˣһ̫ᳶ߳ˡ
ȥ֮⣬һСС飡ͻصĲ˳ġ
֣ãСС˵һ£СˣĿģ
ȻһЦҲѿ峺Ļӣи̾Ů˵֮⣬ʵڵۼ˽٣
ɻĿŹֵĿ㣺ﲻǴۼɣ
ҡͷǵǣֻǺѣҪ֪ͺҽһ¡
Ȼɻ󣬵ǵ˵ͷ˵ۼҵҲֻھŷĹżżȻ֪ࡣǣȴһͷ
ͷʲôͷҲ˾˽һЩۼʱ˵оͷ֪ǲ򵥣Ͼ˵ͷȻȷʵı



974 Ԩ
۾촽Ů޵ķϣ֪ۼƺô𣿡
ҡͷ˵ƺǰۼۼŮۣ֮԰Ե󣡡
ͷ˵ûۼľŮ֮۵˼ĵ۲ǵ۾ҲǴۡΨ𣬾µϴڡϵϣȻҲܳƺΪֻۣһ֮ۡۼȴ½ĵۻʡ߲
½Ůۣ֮㵹զ಻ѣۼδֲ̫ˡͷˣѹ˵žˡȴǾ˵ġ
Ȼֻһصĵط˵һۼȴǾɾޣֲǿߣǣϹź콿ŮвûġΪʲôҶŮ֮۵ĵλԭˡ
ʲôԭ򣿡ҲЩɻ󣬵ۼƺȻѹһŮҲѱôҶϣⲻġ
һۼıǽеۼֻ֮ŸΪۼ֮ÿһƿصۼˣԵۼ˵˶٣Ŀ⿴һ㣬ۼĳƺ⻹ʥвɷָĹϵ
ʥŹֵֹһôǣʥѵۼǱʥĲɣ
ԭֻſһ˵ȴû뵽Ȼ˵ͷԭء
ǰɣʥôǿƣۼܷ⣿˶ķڷоȡ
ۼͲǼϹҲһϴڡʵۼ㹻ˣֻȱһͷѡʥһδ½ϣ뿪Ц˵ūΪۼʥĻϵۼʵڣ˾Ȼûзԣۼͷˡ˵ǵۼͷ
ô˵ɻʵۼʥʲôϵΪʲôʥ˶Դ
ʥĺ֪˵ֻǴԣҲ֪ǲġ
һ仰˲׹ѹˡ
һۼֲѪħһħͷԵϷֱӴѪħȥЩûаѪħ塣ҪΪħͷݣڵؿͷ˶ϣѪħ¶Ҫ˶塣
ôǿƣֹһǴʱĵۼˣѪħ۵ͷȥˣ
ͷʱۼûϹŵˡۼ˵䣬ʲôȴɵ֪ۼٳģҶԵۼ֪ࡣ꣬Ҫ˵˽¾һ˱ȽΪǽһۼˡ
˭ɻʵ˭ôţƣܴۼ˵С
ʦ𣡺صۣشԺصۺһۼϵǳ֪ǲģʦ֪ҪԶԶ֪Ķ࣬Ҳ֪ʦ𵽵׺һۼʲô
ٺ٣ҲȤٺһЦôܰڳȻζͶİԺȤ
ѯʵۼʲôѵҪѧʦǰȥۼʲôŹֵĶ˵
ҡҡͷҺ͵ۼûµۼ֣ҲҪʣѯЩԵۼ˽⣬õʱѯλֵʱڡ
ŹֵĿ㣬֪Ҫѯʲô˼䡣ȴʲô˵޲ֱֱȥȥ
ȻռˣݺݵĶ˵ȱСųϢȥñʰ㡣
ǺԸе촽ޱȣеЩ¶ر˫תҪ˵Ļɽȥ
һи̾
ҪȤһǰȥλΣ㿴ĺģЦЦ˵
ð˲չһЦ㺰ھȥɡ
㿴ȸԾͬһŮһҲ쳣泩Ů˻Ǻһ겻ȴɾ顣

ۼѪħ˼սҲ˲СƣǰȥʱˡϢƽȣɫģȴȲѡ
֮ǰУϢңѪ𶯣ƱһֹǿʱѾָ߰˰ˡ
о죬ƴʱδϢԷȴѾָˡ
һģͬ찡и̾뵽ԷĻ뵽һսʥӼ̲סꡣ
ǰϰߡڶŵۼЦЦţ罿޵Ļ䣬
лʥŮ£˴ζʥŮºλСֵˣҪȻ׶༪١л
ҡҡͷǰǰ̫⡣ֻϣǰܻش⣬֪޲ԡ
ôֱӣ˷۾һ̫˺ˣȻҲ׼䣬˵ֱ̫ˡ
˵ģȻ֪޲ԣش𣬡ֻǲ֪Ҫʲô
һ˵ʶһˣۼϢòˣֻǲǵۼ
ҵۼϢü˵ҵۼòɳȷûϴ𣿡
ҡͷȻ
ҵۼˣСڵۼ󣬹ʮ֮˾Ŵˡ˵
ü˵ǰЩҲ㹬еһȺŮӡǸ߹ңλѵǰ㹬УǰӴġ
ǰۼһӴģüѣ漴ʵܷ˵ϸһЩ
ͣʵʮֲֿҪҵ˵ˡ˵ЩϵϢҲǰʮơشİҶ˼λһ顣
ݣƺһʲôɫ͵Ĵ䣺Ҫҵ
ˣɫҲЩǰˣ
һ˵ûв´ĻӦֻҵۼˡ
ԱĪŹֵĿ㣬ȴվ˵ǰ֪Ϣ
ͷ֮䣬ȥû˭ܺˡܷ˵һ֣ȷǲǾ
Ҷ˼ֱֱĻش
ǾˣһЦ˵Ҿ֪ҪҵȥߵһȺǲӵеۼϢ
˵⣬˶٣˵ҵۼȷʵЩԨԴȴҵۼˡԹӲڵۼҵ
ǰܷ֮ʲôԨԴ㿴ʵ
˵Ϲҵۼı䶯ˡܸ֮
üѵϹŵۼһΪ·ֳۼһҶ˼һ
˵ҲûȤѯʡ֪Ҷ˼ڵۼʵǰܷ֮Ҷ˼ںδ
룬֮˵ӦԨ
Щû汾𲻳ɡģԨǵۼȫԨûҲҪʧԨС
ɫÿҪˣҲΪˣЦõһ˵𼤶˵Ԩǳ˵Ԩͬ˵ԨһطԨ
Ľͣ㶣ͷЦã˭ȡְ̫ˡ


975 ӵ
ˣǰܷٺ˵һ£Ҷ˼Ϣʵ
ҪǱ˶̬ȣ˦ˡΪһ۾ܱһ˶Դǰȴδʲô״ֻΪȫкƽȶԻʵʵǿĻԼ١
֪١ȻڵۼмֵλЩ黹ǲ֪ܵġ˵֪ϢʱԨԨﶼ֪
ü˵ǰ˵Ҷ˼ۼԨԴۼϢѵǰܸ֮ʲôԨԴ𣿡
룬վǿڵҪĳ˵Ҳһۼ
ʲôֻ㾪ȣҲ˫峺ȴ۾ԲǺֲϢȥ
½Ȼۼ͵ۼйˣɡ֪Ϣ𺳣˶Щʧ
ĳϽǴķ棿ɻƽϢϢ𺳡
غҵۼܣˡܸ֪ر㡣
üͷվûмȥõҶ˼ϢڱĵʱҶ˼Ȼ֪ܶ
лǰˣͲˣ㿪ڸǣһȥ
һ뿪˵ıӰɫҲӡУܿóҶ˼ĪСľٶҲ֤ʵ㣬ΪһϢϢѪħʥӽ֣ԼյءǰҶ˼֮ǣǰ֮ȻǺߡ
ʶҶ˼Ҫһ꣬绢
ۼҶ˼ԨԴ̲סЦһ鷳飬ϹžͲģʲô취ֻϣۼܴ׵ˡ
ۼҲ֪ǲǶԵġ̾һʥ˵ħѵҪһ𣿡

Ԩ˽٣˴ŵ߾ѯ֮ɫ
㲻ȥԨɣ㡣
˵ͷȥһˣ֪һϢ
ŹֵĿ˵λҶ˼ŮʲôˣȻ
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ƲƲ죬Ȼûش𣬵Ҳ²һЩôȴ벻ôģΪϢȻôǮЩԼȥ
˻ҪػĶ㿴˵ػ˵վػ㡣
ޣɫ糺죬һ治ʲôöողſ䣬ϾͿʼϷԼˡ
һ˵Ԩ˽Ҳֻ֪࣬кܸӣһʤء˵Ԩͱ̸Ԩ֮·
Ԩ֮·ɻʵʲôͷ
Ԩ֮·ֽ֮·ʵ
ɻʵΪʲô֮·ѵʲôͷɡ
ͷ֮·ͨԨıؾ֮·ҪԨþⲻ·ĵط·Ϊ·̾ᣬҪԨͱӴǡһƬ֮ʶ˳ǵħɣĻҺ֮·ĻұֱһһأĻ֮أɱ˾ռߣҲˣＸûйȫǿΪҪܰ˴ſ£Ҫûܱץȥг裬ѪʳⶼʲôֵġǸطħ̬˲֪ħķҲ֪٣һȻȲ򼸸ѪأҲһˡ
ȻƺΪΪʲôǻ֮·ɻʵ
ΪԨ֮·ԨͿˡԾͽ֮·һ˵߹˵ĵطоá
̲סզ࣬湻ģ㶼޷ҳʲôӣöԷĳƺ
㻹Ҫȥ֮·Ȼֻһ·;ȴңԶ͸ӣ۾ҵĵطұ֤ȫˡһλոմﵽ۾ǿߣΪ´ȥãޱȵĽ뵽֮·ֻʱ䣬ͱ׵ĸϵˣѪⶼ˸ųˡ˵⣬˵Ҳȥ
ҡҡͷֲôɵµΪ͵ˡ
Լȥˣ㷸ɵԷǿˣһͷһĳȥ˭Ҫŭ㣬㻹ǵõ͵ʣ
飬֪Լ˵ʲôûˣ˵ȻҪȥ׼һǣһ˭ţ˳˶¹ͷ
ûôţЦ
ȥ˾֪ġ
ô˵ЦȻôգ˵Ժͼˣʱ̡㲻һӵһЩο𣿡
Ļ̲ס̧˹ȥŲռˡ
̫ˣֻһӵΪǵļȴ벻ô裬ҳܲˡݺݵĿ
ŭ˫ۣЦЦö⻵˼СС㲻ֻҪ㣬Ҫ㡣
˵꣬ٴһ˹
Цܿ˵費УﻹǿԵģҪҪ
࣬ޱȣҪֱӵϽֵˣ֣ҪǱ˿Ƥ˲Ź֡
Ȼ֪ҪǱԼռ˵һĻ˿ڶΪС
ͣ˶̾һͣҲɿһҲˡСӻЩִģ
㡭
ͣ˵ʲôȴ͵˹һѰӵڻҶҪȥ֮·ˡ˵ͱ˭ųˣǻӵһֱ𣿡
û뵽һȻͣľ裬˱ڻУܵ˱ǶϢ࣬ͨ
쵰ſңҪǱ˿뿪㼸ѣ˶ˣϵ糺콿ޱȡ
Цо仰˵ĵҲɡοֻһӵڵ˲ôСɡ
㱧ţҲֻεֱס㣬һΡ࡯ꡯӵ
Щʱ࣬ȴ޿κΣֻϣӿŹԼ
ܵһɹ˱ǶϢԽߣ컵ӵһ㣬һر֮С
㱧ŵ̤ʵʱȴͻȻɿЦлӵһӻǡΪ˲ģҲģһǵٴλٴӵġ
˵꣬ڿնϣ˵ռ棬ӵվʹ˸𡣡
˵꣬ӰԶߣٶȿ磬˲ʧС
µĲӰоԤĵζҲ񣺡Ҳţһټҵġ۸СģСһҪֻ


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鼫ΪټƽѰʮ궼һҵõⶫмݾǾǻᷢţ
֪֮·Ҫ˽ȥѪҺǱԭÿһʱ䣬ͻ֮·ͺ鵽ǴΪź顣
֮·ıϢȻ鵱һҪ
֮·˲֪ܺȴʮޡǾһĵĹأÿ췢ʮţᣬʵǿλõн֮·ʸ
涨֮·ˣһ㡣
յΪңǰſźͱ˶ߡµһţʱȺᡣ
ᣬΪңǿӿֳ
ôˣֵ˾̾ˣ벻ֵ˸ӿֲ涼źü֮ࡣ
ǰƽᣬܶܶһšȴ涼һߣѵð
˵֮·˱Բǿ߸Сһʵֲ
ѹˣ˵ЩƽðͷĴߣʱһźˡվʣһˣҲ֪˭ᵽ
˿ź᳡ϣһ۲ѡźѾܾˣȴû˭ܰС
ں֮Уһɫ湫ӣλʵʮֲֿ֮һӰɫݣҲż顣
λ¹ǲǽ繫ӣȻҲȥ֮·
繫Ҳߺպˣʹﵽ־磬һˡ
ǰҪʥӼҪ˵ĻҾҪһɳˡ
۲ѣеҲͬԤϵƲɵֵ֮һǰȡߡ
λǶ°ɡб˭õ飬ⶫҪˡǿҵš
Ļ¶ϲлλ棬Ƕһۣŭ˵һ֣Ȱʰˣ飬ҪȻûлᡣ
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һ˵ܿõ˴ҵͬһֲ֮䡣Ž缤ȥ˺ǿֲģһҲأϯȥ
λѵκε˱𣿿ǵĹЦһƺ˳һƺضŤһƺͶԷĹһ𣬶Է˲䱻ķ顣
˵ĺһһƺ飬Χһɫ˱䡣ΪֲʽֱӺ˳ȥֲȣ֮䣬ɱУֱɨ硣
ûõģȻǺ޷вĵҡҪǵĴУֱ׾١
Ц֮䣬һƺ˳ȥһƺ˲˻۵Ĵ˲ͱ繫Ӹķ飬˶ĵ֮Զ
繫ӵʵгˣȻ˿ֲôǿߵĺһȻ˿κβ
ǿֲԷεܱ
ҪʥӼֻ˵˵ˡ
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˵ľ̾Ȼ˽ĶУ¶ЦݣĿɨһ˵Ȼǲ䣬Ҿ뿪аɡ
˵꣬籬趯ÿһ趯֮䣬Ȼһ˦УѸٿݣһ߲ҽУ
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ֵˣ翪ڴЦ䣬ֱЩȥЩ״ȻʵĿʼֵ
֮ڶȻʰǡָҪжδʰǣ鱾ҲҪˡ
һ仰üɫѿ㣬ҲһǿĴڣ˳ƺΪߡɴʱȴСӣνܵˡ
סһȫĵӿֲĵ֮䣬ϳնȥ޴ɱУֱ硣
Ц·δƵģ䵽ԷĴ֮У趯ӰһжԷĹ˲䱻ס
ԼױסвʣӰ䡣ٴӿֱɨ
ڶˣЦ֮ѶԷĹٴεס
ŶԷаٴαۣҡͷ˵ӲˣһУǶ߰ɡ
˵꣬ӰֲӰ֮䣬ϵķӿ֮ϣƻشһ㣬ݺݵĺ£Ҫһжķ顣
һЩ˸ס˲䱻ɳȥѪɶҳ˳⡣
ΧȺ̲סһ繫̫ǿˡȻо͸ʰˡʵǿĳ
˶ĿȵĶŽ磬ƺݵĿ⣬¶Цݣɨһ˵û˭ͱģ
һ仰һƬžȻΪ˸̨漸˶סУ˾͸Ƕˡ
ҲĵЩֺĿܣȻΪ˭ôһֻҪҵɾ͸жѡ
Ц׼ȡߺ飬ǵ׼ֵʱǰȥһӰӰᣬԷһȻĿ
ԭѾö˺飬ȴû뵽滹վһʱ˾񣬹ŹֵĿųС
ʧһ£ϾͱŭԼողûȥᣬԷˡ
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ɨһ۶ԷƵģֱźȥ
վסŭ㣬ŭ⣬һֱ߸ϣܹӡ
Ȼ㣬·֮·ڴȴû뵽һʯբס޿κΣѯʵβ֮ܿ󣬾ͷȡˡ
㱼ﻨ˴ʱ䣬糾ͣȥȷʵݽ繫ӳ
ĺȳЩ糾ģò˶ŹֵĿ㣬СûԴҩɣ֪֪ǰˣոջ׵ʰһȺˡ
ããҲŭû뵽Է˲嶼еȵȾҪΪΪۡ
ӵɨһۣƾ㣿
ǼЦ֮ɫʲôһ·սֻʥӼս˲٣ǵ۾ﶼֹ繫ʲôʸǰҫ
㼥Цɫ׵Ĵ˵Ľ磬Ҳ̲סȫĵȫʵӵʮɣֱֱɨ˹ȥȶֲľǴ֮ͬɫ
ȥʯ쾪
״ܣһ˳ȥƽ档ò˿̲ס̾һ
Ѿ֤ȱ첲ˣǾǵҽʱȴǲŵһĻ
ҽеĲ꣬ǽ硣ڶԷһ֮£Ѫ˳ȥͬ߷ݡ
˲۾һУ찡繫ӾȻһи׸ɷɣ
һƬţħ㿴㣬٣



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̫ˣһش磬
Ȼִ֪𺳣Ѿ֮·
֮·ǰУٶȽ֮·֮С˵֮·ޱȣһ·߹쳣ѡû߶ԶȴСսʮһ·սġ
֮̾·ϣᣬÿһǶΪӺ󣬸ԶҪô
ʲôЭǺôȻȭͷǽ͡һҪ˸ˣһ·սȥıѪ
һ·սȥսĺԭΪ곤ᣬ׾ٵҪôȴû뵽һӲӣѪ
һ·£شҲһƬ򴫿һ·ϣвͬ飺һףĵԲȥǣǲһͷһͷͻ
۴֮·;ҲһЩ˿̰񣬷һ־ηԶԶ㡣
£һ·롣룬Ҳʧٴսһ·Ѫ
ظһ·ߵ֮·һĵط̲̲ʱһ·ѪսȻûʲôҲƣ
̲쳣Сġ̲֮ǰһ·֮ǰһ·һѪս޳ɺ̲ȴ£֮·õ˲ٹ֮·Ϣ
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̲ĸûȫ͸λ֮·ĵ۾ﱻųԵġ
һطС̫ǿơ
̲һ·֮ϣҪҵ࣬һ·ܿΪ̶֡Ѫȱ鲼̲ҲǼģ̲֮УԴ鲼ҩģʮҩ洦ɼֿʯǡ
զ಻ѣѹֺ̲ᱻ˶̾ռˡ
̲ģں̲ıΧҪгĶ࣬Ϊ̶սģ˴򶷣Ϊԭ
Ҳ⣬ĵĵط̾ʵȻ̲ǿģ֮ʹﵽƽ⣬˵Ҫгࡣ
һ·룬ܿ͵˺̲ģҲǺ̲Ψһһǳء
ȳǺ̲һĳǳأȻΰΪһ·ϵĵһǳأ̾ԱȻ١ͬҲǲԱפ
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Ҫֻ̲취һǿʵȥӵкͨֻ̲ͨǰһվ
ǰȻԸⳢԣܲ䣬ٶ䡣ͨҲͺһ޵ģҪſɵá
ȳǵ쳣ɭϣԱҲ١ȻǿΪĺȳҪᣬҪһλ֮󣬵ȴĿ
ŲˣĿⶼĿ⼯Ϊļ֮Уⶼվź۵ߣɫɭޱȡ
ȵʱһҪͰ֮еᡣںȳӵаˣǺ̲պǲ𡣡ߵһ߶ͬѵɫֵָһ˵Ǻ̲İһ쵥ǹƥɱ̲ɱĲĺĸԸĹ׵̸ɾͰ֮
ڶǻͼǺ̲ʵˣǰԨһֻ֮󱻸ϳʮֲֿ
ұһΪײУϲг裬һˣץȥ죬֮ˣһĸĥгһųԡ

ԷͣСͬ飬Ļ˵һ㣬ȴȻֹ֪ʱһɭĳǹ̴ĺһԭվڰǰǹ͵һΣոջ˵ԴͱѿѪҺԽɢĵǡ
ǹϲ˭ٸҽͷӡ
ѪɢУһסðź⡣
ЩȴûзʲôƵģӰ˲䵽֮⡣
Ҳû˸̸۸㵱ʱվڶԷߣԷԴըѿѪҺ˼ϡ㲻ϲĿһǸߣְմѪҺһ˺Ѷ
ѹֵ˴£ڿʼˡ
̲бҪǿĶ࣬綼ѵõıﶼҵԭѹֵգЩ֮󣬺ܿͱ̰ĳǡ
һ￪ʼҶһԭ򣬾ǰ˳۵Ļ˶ٳۡ
еڰͨóˡ
ͨ٣óÿһ顣
Щͨܶ˶쳤ӣҪһֻͨ˰ڵҲȤÿһᶼۣһһ
ͨʮ㿴һһҲûȥᣬܲЩ̲ĴǾ;ǡ
ԣڰ۵ʱûиųۡ
˴β֪ʲôԭⲻİȴҪƵģÿһһ̶ʱ䣬ʮֱʣһˡ
㿴һüͷͬ˶ɫÿ˶Ŀ⼯еһϣЩܸһᡣ
һóǸóŰͿڽм
һĻʱңһεûǵķˡҪЩˡ
쵰дȴ޿κΡ
ʱҲüͷһƣֽмһˣҪõһ顣ҪȻ֪Ҫȶòһֵ

˼Ȼ˺Ͱ֮еᣬʱһƬȻɴ۾ŵĿ㡣СǲǷˣȻ֮ҪĶȥᡣ
һļžȴһۡ㵹ǲԼǮһ·սҪ˶ᣬ㶼֪Լжôˡ
еƺҲû뵽˸Һᣬ㶺ٴγۡ
ͬʱվڰһֳֳǹ͵һǹҪɱ
һֱ˦һƺ˳ȥ˲ڶԷĳǹ֮ϣԷǹѣ˶ɳȥѪҽԷİᣬ˵Բ۾
һʦۿŰ׼ֵһߡ
ע£ԭ׼ֵߺëȻԭزҳ֡
ããѵü˿ţƾøˣ֪ܷһ𡣡дӰ
ɨһ۴Ӱ߳һ꣬Ҳöȥϯɨƣȥ


978 ϵ
˿˿ûˮ֮Ӷֱӡһզ಻ѣ²֪ءȻҺͱ֮ħˣֱجΡ
ѵü˼ٲſӺȤߣȥ档֮ӹЦһȺӼ׷ȥ
˿ű֮ˣһ̾ϢһûкͶԷᡣҪȻħǵľ͸ԼˡϾͬ
һشԷӣʵҲǳǣ¾һˡ

ڴϣǰŵһȺˣĿֱֱĶһλı֮³һ֣
֮ӱ˺ȳҲŭĿֱֱĶ㣬ǴżЦ⣺ӳȻ㲻ϿΣƢϲôҼΣһúõķ㡣
θҺǰöġŲǰߡ
û߼ֱԷѵÿһˣӺαؾܾҵġҲһˣúðӵġ
Ż
㷭θҺûסûԼᱻ˵ϷŶԷ黨ָ̲סһ
ģ̫ˡ
ԭ˵̫ǿҲһ£лҲˡαﶼ̫Լˡ
һȫ
ӻδȾѾ˸߳ˣҲһˡ֮ӶЦе˵
裡ûסԼƢһֱŶԷɨ˹ȥ
֮Ȼģʵȴ屬ˣĹӱ㵲סһδκε
Ӿϲҡ֮Ŀ㣬дųȣ·𿴵ŮƵġ
ļƤһ㿴ŶԷһȺӣҹҪȻȱ첲ȡ
֮ӴЦһȺӺˣӽͺú

֪һսǱⲻˣű֮ǷһȻôϲŮˣվͷϵ㡣㰲Ůˡ
˵꣬Ӱͬͻһ˶ԷĹӪС
ɢгÿһĻһզ಻ѡ
֮ӵĻǳ𾳣澳вǿߡ󷨣ֲ֮ȻģʵȴҲﵽ˰𾳵ĵز
ȻԷӪУⲻԼҲʱƴӲõѡ
ǣȴ͹ʵһֲ𵴶ֱ趯֮䣬ŵǬʩչ
ŵǬֲ֮羪׿Хÿһ趯Ȼǧ֮ڶԷĹϣҵǲҽһ۶˫˫ţͬһ㣬ĶһԷ
һĻ˵ɴ۾ŵĿ㣬޷ƵȻ˿ֲʵ
֮ͬ𾪣ʧĿһ۶˫˫Ŷȥִ֮ϲûг裬һˡ
󣬱֣һʰˡ֮˷ܵĺ
󱪶ɫأǿļ֣ǹӿڣȥֲԵ𾳵ʵ¶š
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굹Ҳǿܵס𾳵Ĺ
ͬ飬Ŀת㣬ȴ˿޾壬Ȼֱֱӭȥһƽ棬һâ֡
۾һѵܵסⲻ̫ʵɣ
࣡û֣ԸͶԷȥֱֲӱ֮䣬ɽӶҪΪ֮ƵģһƽᴩأӰ趯ֱֱɨ𾳡
һƺֲ˶¡ʱͬһսȻսһ㣬ǵΪ֮ʧ
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ѵʥӼʧĿ㣬ȡ
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ʥӼ㱪ҲҪƽȶԴʱĶӾȻץһʥӼг裬һߵˡ
ΪֻĿű֮ӡ
֮ͬɫ䣬ȻĿ㡣Ҳû뵽ԼǵһӲϵĵˣҪ
ĵĿŶԷ۳ֲ۶ֱ֮ɨ֮Ӷȥ
֮ҲһҲвٱе趯ҪסһǣǺεʥӼһսһܵסġ
һ֮£֮˲ҽеɳȥе˳ҲֱС
ŵɳȥı֮ӣŶԷ˵ϵĶûǮԷˣֻЩˣ˺£Ҹˡ
Ȼֻᱪӣ̲סզ಻ѡ˱ӣĵ˱ˡϾǵ۾ɲʲô顣
ȻʥӼݵλҪ󣬿ʵվȲ϶Է
֮ȻʣעУǰеƷ
֮ղķᣬŲٵıЩ㶼Ϊ֮Ծرлмҩݣ١ҩĺƽʥӼﶼѵõõ벻һ֮Ӿţֱ֮ȻԴḻѹ֪ǵǲϵĽСպǹģ
ѶԷóĶɨУоͼĲرַḻ㣬۾Цͬһ
ǶһЩԼ鷳ҲǲģԼԽԽСֹһֹñЩû
Ȼ֪ʲôű֮ӣ뵽ոնԷ˵ĶĵĻ¶֮ɫһֱԷȥһֱӽԷľ

֮ӲҽУһƬѪҺĿ㣬ɫ
ĻҲɱ㡣㳢һŮ˵ĸо˵꣬ٿԷһۣӰʧա
˿һĻһðź⣺С̫ˣϵԷ˵ѶԷ˵Ĳµ𣿡
˼ѾףΨһĶ˵ϵǲˡ
ǲƺʥӼϾǺ̲кӹ˿ʧ㣬ֹİԵͺȴӡڶԷĵס


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Ϊ̲һԣҪǿϵ֮ûжãԷǲ˲ǰΧɱһһ۾㲻κ˵ΧɱΧɱɱǡΪĲرһЩƸ
ɱһһѪȾ·;
һ·սȥɱۿһĻĺ֪ɱµ֮ӶϵˡһʥӼ˾̾ѡ
ͬʱҲʵʥӼ಻׷ɱҲΪʲôԷûһ˿˥Ƶģ˺սԶԷһ;ûУɶǰȥΧѡ
һ·Ѫսȥ·;ѪޱȣԽսԽ£ɱ٣ɱ˶ľˡ
ȥˡʧ˲أ½̲һϯ֮ˡ
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£߳һȺˣΪ׵һű۵ӡ
ˣǵ۾ǿߣû뵽ԷĶ˵۾Ըˡ
Ӫоͱܱͼ۾һ۾ıֱϳ𣿡
Ӷ˵ϵˣôࡣ
ҲǣСҲ湻ݵģֱӱȰӷϵˡֳ֮Ѫɱˣں̲ôãܹ۸

۷׷ףȴۿ㣬ɱʮ㡣곬ǵԭΪʥӼǲԱǰΧɱ򲻹ҲԷû뵽ǣԷȻϢ࣬˺սսʧأòͷ
㵹мֱ£ܲҡͼ㣬ŭʮ㡣
ЦʵҲδ̫ˡ
ղ˭Ҫͼ˵Һֳ̾ô꣬δ˸Ƶġ
ǲң𲻸ҡҪλֳǰ𻹹˼ɼ֡ƾ㻹񡣡㶢űͼ˵Ҫʶ͹ҪȻС
ôĿͼ۶㣬Ǵżֲм֪ʥӼʵֲǶڷ֮µǿ˵ʵﵽʥӼǿΣͻƲ˹򣬻׸
ͼưӿ֮ȵƹֱȥ
ٶܿ˶ԷһԷһ֮ϣһƬ˲ֲ˾ôһ̲ס̾۾ߡ
ܿͼ˵ٶȵͦġûɱʥӼվ㿪ڱĵطݣ֮·͵ðߵĹ
ЦߵĹزǿΪѣ֪ˡ㵱Ϊ۾κεҲɣ
һ仰˶Ŀ⿴㣬ŰΧ㣬ѵжԿɣ
˵ɻУͼȳ֣ӿֱȥֲȡɽһ㣬ֲ֮˺Ѵˡ
࣡˿£ֱ趯𵴳ֲ𶯶ӭԷ
ɽȰһ𣬳ܱɨĸɸɾ汻ѿһѷ죬ӰɳȥͼҲ˺
˿űͼˣо̾Ƕ˼־η
ǿĴУͨɡֲӵʥȴδӵйֲͨȱ
ԷĻЦһҪͨ˲֪٣ƾҲҪ嶼ΪⱻУʲô
ȵ֪ˣͼŭ𵴶ֲϯֲÿȻܰվ𵴡һ֮䣬籩֡
ֱֲɨ㣬ɫأӰܿԷһδεĹӰ硣
ÿٶȣ
۾ܱܿо̾ٶԵ̾
㱻ƵֻӴܣǻҡҡͷʥӼֲܿվ͵۾һһ֮
ͱͼ򶷵ΧһϿȣϿһʯھʯվˣΪ׵һŲнһλ꣬ĿֱֱĿǰĴ򶷣ߵ˵ӦûʥӼոʩչͨȴܱʥӼͨѵǱͨ
ͨǴԴġӦòǣ˵Ǵͨ裬Բܱȱͨһ˻ش
Ҳδأһλ꣬Դͨϲûѱͨ
˵λҵꣿҵ湻ģһžȻˡȻ丸Ӱһ˸̾ǲľͺ˵ˡҹų
⵹ǣвǰȥѯˣһλһŭΪգλ𡣿ȴҪΪ˲ϧɱоͷеǰȥΧʱҲĳ֡Ϸֵزоͷ˶Ūȥ̫ߡοϷմȾѪҺǿ϶ԭ㡣ԣӦġҲɳʥʥŮǰȥ׷ɱ
湻ϧģү˵ҪҪǿҪսǵӪǴкô
˵ͷ漴ҡҡͷЩ⴫Եλ֪ǲͬһˣ
˶㣬ʱңαܿԷһδιȴǱ쳣
үҪҪҪֲסˡһ˵
ãҡͷ˵Ҿ˾һλҿʱգȴÿζܿȻмġȻҶԿ۾ġǲҪֵĺãҴʱ֣оСӺʲô
˼үϣҲûǰȥæ
ͼھս֮ҲЩͷ֮ܣӿ֮֮˲䱻Ƶģٶһֹ
㻹𣿡ͼۿ㣬ʥӼñ⣬Ҳѡ֮ܿܵġ
Ц۾ɱķ֮۶ŶԷסԷһ
ͼȴЦѣȻɱ˵۾ӿֲֳ㣬ӸǶ£ضķ֮
ȥͼŭһ


980 
޵УΪ𣡡ͼŭ۶㣬Ц԰СӸ׵ĸ˺ˡ
㿴ŶԷӿֶķ֮Ц㵱ķ֮κε˱𲻳ɣз֮ûط򣬻֮ƣ
ĺ£ǰƾճһӰӰֲķӿŻصɨ˳ȥ֮ơ
˭Ҳû뵽а֣ҷֲ֮䣬ԷĿֲ˲䱻ɢ㻯ңʩչ£ڷ˲䱻ķʱгһѳ趯Ȼ֮ƣֱͼȥ
ͼҲδ뵽ôͻһĻ¶֡ԭΪһԷ־ܡû뵽Էһ˰ֲ֣
ִٵֵӰҲܿĻ
ģԷôͬ顣Ҿͬ飬ôƾճǰⲻܰ
ͼһǧһţǰʵȴɡӰҪܿһС㻯ʩչңεٶȣһ˲䵽ǰܿҪܿҪֱȴûбסһѪҺ֮Զ
ͼҽУץϵֱۣӰ䵽Զ
㿴ƮѪǴ⣺˵ҪУվҪС
һʼƺˣշɶԷ裬ڶԷ֮ʱȻһޣȻشԷʵҲͬԤƵ۾ǿ߱һֱۡ
۾ϾǿֲģҪǶԷӣ㻯оԵİսʤԷǶԷҪӵĻսЩ鷳ˣҪԷһЩļˡϾǵ۾нߣִҪӣûǿʵסơ
ѪҺգ˶ĿֱֱĿŶϱ۵ıͼʱıͼʩչסֱʵѪҺɫ԰סлžδĿ־塣ôҲû뵽ռ˾ϷͻȻһ仯
ͼ㻯ʱ벻ͨԷƾճڳеġ
ҲҪɱ𣬻ǰλг㶢űͼ˵
ķɫȵĶ㣬Ҳû뵽һǿİ֡
ѹֶԷƱˣԭһǿߡʵǿߣȷʵԽа屪ˡ
ͼƣһֱۣĵòʧˡ

˶Ŀת㻯ϣ׼ʤ׷ɱ˱ͼʱ򣬱ͼȴ˺ѿռ䣬漤ߡ
Ҳû׷ز죬Ҫܴ˵طһ鷳ԷϾһ۾ܱشִܣҪ׷Ҳʮ鷳
ʱҪǽԨ׷ɱԷûжȤȻոձͼȴһ׼Ź似һİһӪ˸ɱ
ֱ֣磬ɱһȺĺҪȴɵáֻƴһԱɾҲκβ㻯׾ٵĸȫʰˡ
սһƬѪأΪ֮ĺ
ھʯϵˣһĻҲ壬һۣȷʵֲ߾ȻĻѹһֱˣ
ߵˣҪܰӪǾͲˣһϯ֮ء
԰үҪҪǰȥǣ
üôģôܹȥʮ֮˾ŻᱻܾҪǾ͵档˵Ķȵʱֵʱ򣬾ǲԷԷҲԶǿ£ġ
ү֮ȷʵġλǲǰλʦȥѵҲԷ
ӦˣܿҲ

㿴ӣĿֱֱĶŶԷ˵˭
ʦ¶⣬˸ɱˣϽ͵ǰľʦ²Ҫᣬ¶Ըûж⡣
ʲô飿һЩɱ⣬Ŀ⿴źʦ
ʦԷɱ⣬һʧ̫ˣֱֲɱ£ѡ
ѯʣʦϽ˵Ǵ˿ظ£ϣǰͣǴԸӪи߲λø£֪ӴȤ𣿡
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Էδ˵꣬ʹϵˣںֻ̲Ҫ·ѡȥתǴˣл⡣
ʦô˵վû˵ʲôȻĲں̲ǾͿϧˡǴתӣҪǹں̲ʲô鷳ȥ
ҡҡͷⲻᷢġ˲Ǳ𣬱Ȼ˭û£Ҳһµˣɱ˾ǡмʵﲻ˵𣬵Աǲ⡣
ǿƵĻò˳Ĭ֪仰Ա˵ġ
ʦ˵ͷȥҲû˵ʲô
뿪һ·ߣź̲ڶȥܿ죬͵˺̲ڣڳڴһ޴Ĵ󣬴ֲǵ۾ڴжѰѡ
Ǻ̲ĳڣҪȥ͵ýƣʵֱӴгȥ
ȻûʵȡƣҪеʱԱˣҲȡƣͬʱŴȥ
תͷͷʾ⣺ºǿʵʶһ£ڣ
ŶԷ˵ͷȴûи֪Լš
˿⣬ЦЦ˵ʶһˣ͸ʮ㣬֪͸ʲôϵ
һ仰Ŀתдżֺ⣬ԼûˣԷȻ˵仰ǲԼݡ
Ȼ㣡и̾һȴ˵ѹˣҲֻҵλֲͨ
˵ʲô㶢ŶԷʮСܸ㲻ٵˡԷʱʶݣͲòˡ
ֲýţֶֻѣڴ洴ͨǰ޹˰ЦҶûжѣֻǺǲλԲųѯʡ
˵ͷҲ˵ʲôƽ֮С˲ûУʧڴ֮Уûټ
ʧȴڵû뵽ҵӾȻں̲
ҲЩ棬̲ʲôѵҲǳŴԵǼȥģ
Ӧòǣһ·Ÿ·ӣӦԨǺǣȤ֪Щ֪㵽֮·ôһģ
λ֪ôߡңոճֵ˭ΪֲϢҲΪӽ
Ǻ֣˲֣˲ʧǶδֵġ
ˣҪЩˣ̫ˡǻԼɣ̲ˣҲϹȥɡ
˵ͷһҲʧڴ֮У


981 
Ӻ̲뿪ٴ룬һ·ϼսϡûɬҲ̫ûԡԲ˼鷳Ϊӿ
·ϱߵĸ࣬һ·ѪսսȻɱĲĺ
ս£ҲܷԼսۣսȡȵս͸ĵ֮УĵֻеӾȻ
ɻֻӺ棬˲֪ѪҺѪڡرڿռ֮еĴ壬۾Ҫ죬޷⡣
Ҳͷһӵг֮ûþϾĵУʳԼԪϾ͸һ뵽Уʼһִ
ֻԷ͸ٶ̫ˡһһ͸ȥҪֻӵĴ֪Ҫ¡
ʱ㾪ǣֻԼսʱԪٶԼ͸ٶȾԽ졣ԽսļңԽսȻͷ˯ӾԽԾ͸ĵϢԽࡣ
һ·ս͸ĵ۾Ȼ¶Ҫࡣ
һͷӣֹһŬҪǸͻѲˡҲֻη뵽ʱ˯ҪȻ
һ·ѪսʵҲŲٵĳսʵ𾳴ﵽ𾳶ĲΡҪƽ⻹֪ҪáսҪࡣ
һ·ѪսȥδͣĲͣǰһأϱ鲼ɽ𡣾أŲ̾УطظϡԴ
ȻⲻעġǣҪһվͱͨƬءƬͨԨͨȴôѰġΪƬͨÿͨһֱڵģÿһʱһΣʱгжΣʱһ£ʱǰ꣬һҲпܡ
ͨҲǲ̶طģֻ֪ͨķģÿһһͨһδȴ̶ġ
ֵͨʱҲű֣ʱԽãԽҲºܶ̾أҰѳһΪ˵ͨĳ֡
سһĵĹأ˭ҪҪƿͨͱΪһˣп֮ܽͨ·һվҵõ
üͷԼֵܲͨʱֱӳͨ뻹Ǿòܡֵͨʱ䲢Լһ˾ޣ޷ͻ˼ҵֱӽС
е۾ҪԼʵǿнͨǵֵͨʱϹȥͨӰӶûʧˡ
͵ҪͨҪҪƿһΪͨĳֻ״ƿһĻǲֹעκһֻҪһͨǰ״Ͼʹͱ֤㹻ʱ䲻
ѵҪƿһɣֹģúѹز֪ҪƿһǼѵġʹһ۾Ļ
ֱֱĶǰðݵɫ֮ɫԨһҪȥģûеǣҪƾһ֮ռһҲǼѶȵġ
ѶҲҪһѣԨǱؽġҧ׼мȥ
㻹δУͱһס֣
תͷȥǸһؽڵǸһߺЦ
ɫһмɻĳԷһֱȴġˣ̸ʲôоֻ֪ӵݣżַһ·ϣ˶δֶ֣Ҳ΢΢һЩ˼ʹ֪ݣҲûͷ͵˼
뵽⣬ɫҲ¶Ц⣺Ұɣ֪ΪΣϲֱӵˣֱ˵ɡ
ڴЦãΪֵ֪ܿ϶ҪͨģΪҲҪֵ֪ܿɷһ֣ͬıȡһͨΣ
ɨһۣڲûϢй¶Ҳ֪ڵ׶ǿй¶Ĳȴ𺳡˾Ȼз򲨶۾
ܳд۾ԲǼ򵥵ݣǲʥʥŮҲһĹӡ
͸ºǲԣֻҺܺһ⡣֪ܻܲشңʵ
˵˵
ȻмǲϽѣȴ㲻ʲôĵطŵǡϢ򣬿Ǵ̸֮ˣ̫ϡε֪Ҿģ
Ǻǣ˵Ҳɣʱǰȥ⽻׸Դõֵ֪Ϣûʲôãϲͬһ˱һȡϢ⴫壬ҾĹעһ֣Ա˶ֶ༸˽⡣ڻش
峺۾㻹ѡţ³ܴ۾λͰɣ
ҸһҲСʵ΢洳Σաԣǲλ߼ǰ˵ֻʲôҪʵģһʰɣΪһֺ֪Ǻгģֺһ֣ռһʲô⡣
Цֶ˵졣
ڼ֣ҲЦץ˹ȥڲ֪̽ʵǱģӿֳץּΪ
оֱһɹӿ֣ȻֵֻԷҪǿȫȻֵסԷ
Һõǣǿ٣ʹ࣬ڷ׭ӿϣǼʹ
һ£ӦûеʥӼȴҲʥӼԶӦкͷ˹൱ʵ
ֻ𾳾һšڿˡֹֻǿͨ𾳣ǺʥӼԶҪǴﵽʥӼȻֹ𾳾ܿʥӼܺ͵۾ֱ֣󡣡ɿ֣̾˵
Ҳһ
ڿЦһ˵־ͲҪЦˣȻ˵ǿȴȲʥӼ˴ǰ֮·ҪԼ츳ǱٴһΣﵽԺʥӼĵز
˵Ԥף³ɹֻǺӦȡһ
Ȼ󣡡ЦϷʱδȫϣܶڽ𣬶ռĳ˱ҲᡣǾȥϷΣ
ԭѹû鷳ЦԭΪԼϵ˶ԷӣԷ鷳ȴûмԷ㲻ΪԭΪ
СһЩⱪǿʵѾﵽ۾ĵڶΣ쳣ֲȻʵλصĻҲֲɱϾ۾һ޴󡣡ѵ
ͷ˵ȻˣǾʹϷʼɡ
ãβҪֱɱˣҪܴΪΪʲô£ǾòˡϾҪҵͨҪֵġѵ
зִ磡ش


982 ռ
˷룬ֳϷȥصҲ临ӣΪԴḻԵʣܶ̾СվȽŸǵҲҪľ硣
ҪϽĵط澳Ｘǰǧﶼ޵еȴֻ̾ڴͱ׼
Ȼ뵽ҪռһطƿͨȻֱӶֿʼֶԸһȻ࣬涥ｨУⶼĶ֣һſ¡
еѪսҪӵļңеʵҲΪǿվȽŸʵмʵ
ŲٵĲ֣ʱһ֮Уֻ࣬ˡһ𾳴ɵĴȴΪֲ㶼С
ӿХ֮䣬һ֮鲼ܡֲǿȣ˿һʥӼ
ÿֲ󷨣ֹһĿ⻯ˡ
һëûȻǱүߣүվҪȥιҰޡΪ׵İۿ㣬Ǳ֮ɫ
̾Ѿܾˣ鷳ƿϷĸߣֻҪͶԷŸɣЩ߶Ƕһֻ۱һֻۡû뵽һëûļһȻҪԼⲻǿЦ
㵱Ϊ󷨾κεҲɣ㿴ŶԷЦֱ趯ӿһɹסԷһδι
˵֮䣬ŵǬ趯ŤԷ֯Ĵ˶Ť
СһЩСӶԿռ֮ƿʮ־ˣҪǵĴתΪ׵İǿ߶ͬȳڶԷĺȳ£ǵĴ۸ǽ֯ŵǬŤռ䣬΢΢ܡ
мֱ¡ֹһɫ֮ɽҪɣһռƱˡ
˿ֲܽķĪѹŵǬһϺȥǿܵסԷĴ󹥻
ǿĶ㣬Ҳżѹ֮ɫԤϡʵǿ֮䱩Ҫض˺ѣĴսöκβ
ôɱУɱΪŭԸսȥֻСӸ˺ѡ
ǣһŭԱֲ԰ǿߵĵΪģֵ۽֯عӿɹɱĵ֮䣬ޣצ˺ҧȥ
ŵ۽֯Խ࣬צҲԽࡣֲ֮䣬ֲ˺ɽȴӿġ
εסɱ֣ԷŭдźɫȷʵǵԤϣɶԷԼĴҲģʥӼסҪͷֻۡ·һ
ɫأŲӿֵ۽֯ޣɫҲ˼֣趯ӰңδһƬƬӰܿ˶ԷһδεĹ
Ǵɱֲֿ޷ס·ÿӰȻŵ޳Ѫ
㱻Ҳŭе㵱Ϊ𵲲סɣ
֮䣬׵֮бֲ׵Żȵ֮Ҫһж˺ѡ׵İԵͿֲʱչ¶š
Ҳ֣֮ʱҲ֮׵ʹ󽻷һ𣬶ʱǧâǧâ֮䣬ݡ
ƣ׵֮ͬʱܶ׺ǳȥޣ׵Űºķ顣ʱҲ
ǿɫ䣬ԷԤϣֱֲȻɱֶס
ǿʥӼкȻһҧٴǣѹȥ
伸δƿ󣬺һڶֱͨ趯֮䣬Ŀռ֮ģĻһĪĿռƵģ׵֮Уƿֻаƴ󣬵ܴص׵ȴ׵綼Уɢļ¹âһ޴ֱԷȥ
似ʽֲܶԷǺʩչĴ󣬵ͬҵԷ㡣
εöԷɫ䣬Ŭı任Ҫֲ
ʱҲͬ磬ֻһڵȥ
䡭
ͶԷĳһֲĽرѡĳֱһжϯ𡣵£Ȼѳһѷ죬ȴǿ
ɾڶԷסʱһƺһڵϣֲĴ˲ֱݿĺķ顣ٶ߱ɣ³һѪҺ
ǿҲţסʥӼĴȻԷˡӴмӰҪδж͵ǰһĺϡ
ôӣЦеĿŶԷ
Էоϵı뿪
ʲôһλǿ߶㡣
˵ֻҪ㳼ңһϷȡֺͨ󣬱ɡ㶢ŶԷ˵
λǿɫ˱䣬˵Ƭ֮в֪ǿߣҲʥӼռϷֱΡ
˵ôаաֻ˵һ飬㵽׳ң
ǿɨһۣҲ˵ʱƳΣһֱԼҪȻһ뿪ɹܲԼ
ǿ߲˵Ц˵㲻˵Ҳ޷ǲ
˵⣬ָ㶯ָ֮ȼճɹĻЦеĿŰǿ˵ֻҪͱҵġ
ǿЦҲ۾ǿѹոǵߺԼΥҪϷİôྭԼԼͷŵΣиǿǰԼٹԷ£һСƨȻԼ˵Ρ
Ȼǿ˵
ƺ֪ԷʲôЦ֪ȥ̾һأȥмʵ֮⣬˴ȡᡣǺܱǸĸ㣬һвͨҪǳңǾͱҵġҪȻ֪ôġ
˵⣬˶٣ĿֱֱĿŰǿߣдżЦݣһһ˵㲻֪ҵݣȥһߣһʿʿֶӦúĲС˵óġҪͲò
˵֮䣬ָĻŰǿ߼ȥ
Ļ֮˲û뵽ԷĶͷԷѪɫ¶ȻĶ㣬ôҲû뵽Ĺ
ʵܸоĵáҪȻڣҪҪԲǧҪ֪
˵꣬˶Էľ壬˵ˣΪģʼռ̡
˵꣬ҲܶԷӰһʧǵʵС
ʧЩʵУλǿ̱ڵϣѪɫ뿪ķֱֱķ㶡


983 ٽ
ڵ˴ͬʱ֣԰ռϷĵ̡һ·սȥҲһЩǿߣЩȻ𾳵ǿߣǵ󷨣Ҳ۾Ѫ졣
ҪһߣĵֿǼġһ·ҵѪսȥϷվ˽šһƬأȻǺܴ󡣿ҲϷ֮һĴС
ڵ˾࣬˺ҲŴ֮һĵ̡㣬㵹ǲ⡣ϾԷûԼƿߵֶΣҪЩֻܴѹǡѵʱԶԶǿˡ
ȻϷռ̣ȻǲϷˣҪʧȥĵ̸ֻڶǼһĳ̲ϵ
սǼҵģԽսԽ£ԼսٴһΡΪЩƣÿʱÿ̶սսˣ㼴ʹŵС֧ţЩֲסˡ
ȵռ̣еľͷ֡һ۾Ĵ̱ڸռݣŴǲ˶ȫû߱ԷշԳ֡
ڵһͷˣԷԳִϲ۾ͷֱӰΧȥʱҲûĶû۾Χ
ԭΪԼɱ̵꣬ȴû뵽ӵôͷΧ˲ܵġ
ܣ˰εİΧִвϱֱӶþҪѶԷնɱڴˡ
һսǼҵģսһѷ죬󱻴ƽɽѣֲս֮أضΪ֮ݡ
۾ĴǾ˵ģ⾪ߡǺȻĿյĴ򶷣λص߱Ѫ
ҵսûг̫õʱ䣬۾ȫ֣ܵסġڵ۾ǿߵľУĻһƺ˶ԷؿϣĶԷͷѡ
֣ѵ۾Ĺͷȫķ顣㿴һĻϧѣ۾ʬǺֵǮģڹʿ˵ƳһǿĿܡ
Ҳ֪Ե۾ǿ߲֡ҪֵĻԷҵ˵ͱԷˡÿһ۾Ǽֲκ΢Сʧ󣬶ܱԷץס
ڹͷ˺õķ֮۾ѪȫѪҺȾ²ʵı۾䵽ϣСƬء
һĻΪ֮ȻһȻĿһˡ
λ۾Ϸһλǿߣƽ˸ǡǣȴĴˡԭ˵ֿһ˵ֿ˲䵹ڵĺ£ܿռ˲ٵ̡ǵĵ̣ҲϷһ롣
ˣڳΪϷպǿߡ
̫죬ºܶ೼˲Ҳͣ˼ŵĽŲһﵽ漶¹ʿĻ
ݲʧһҪõͨҪЩ˰ٷ֮֮·κ㶼ţֶֻβֱӵġ
ڼʩչĹЩˣҲզ಻ѡλҵֶλ࣬湻ġ漰ڶԷĻĹգȻǹĲβ͡
һΪ벻ǵһĹҲͬѹӳˡֹ
еĴ߶¹֮΢΢ģҲΪǡµĻ֧£ҪͷŹǡҪ֮ڲҶͷĲҪǲţܳԡȻٸʿİ취һҵ൱ĹʿһʥӼΪҪûʵĺá
Ȼ衣ȴ޿κΣֲ̫Է˵Ҫǲ
ûԸԾǺɣɻʵʵ㻰
ڿһĻѣֶȻһЩЧȴǼõġ
ھʣϷˣϷпܳͨĵطͬҲǱյĵطϷ֮󣬾һְֱռġ˵ʱģѾռݵ߰˰ˡϷʱ֮϶Ҫһսġ
ڱ˽٣ڡ
Ҫ˵۾һȻ֪λ㿳ֱ۵ûеҹ˼ɣ̲Ҫ۾򣬱ԣǱߵĵ۾ǿֻһô˵ǵǿһսϾ۾ԷǿһΣ۾󷨺Χסǲ¡
ûпܶԷշĵĵ۾ǿߡ˵λǿ̾࣬ϷӦòֹһ۾ǿߡλÿ϶еģģ˵е۾ǿ߱շ
Ӧòᣡ˳շҲǿͷշְ۾ǿǺô׵ĳһ£ҪǺͱ֣֮áϾҪܾˣ̵ľǡǵǲǺͱϣҪ˼ɵڱǹӡ
˵ͷ˵˵ҲеȻĳɣǴʱѾղʵҶʥӼʵܺͶԷһս
ҲѪϷһս
ǿ߱Ͼ࣬սһռϷ硣Ȼ˷ܣɻ˵
ҡҡͷҲ˵ˣռģЩҲǿڷĲûΪ˲ְﱪǲͬǿߵȲλá˭Ҳ˳֮£ǲþ˶ԷӦ൱ӦûмơȻǿǺְĹӶˡǿҲ޷ƿ
ô˵ڵ˵ͷȻҾ֯ΧĶȥˡ
ͷ˵˶ϣϷΧѾû˸ҷǣأ˶ǰȥġ
ҪǲʵֵģǴʱͬŹʿǡǲòĺ¡Щ˾ܲԸǶϹ
ƺƵһ㣬λøϹȥ
ڿƺƵĴҲ˷ܲѡΪһڵĹӾ󣬿ɴδй˴սڼֻҪ󣬾֪ȵȻжôҡ
һսһΣҲ޺ˡи̾
㵹ûжټǰ棬ֱǰȥġǰȥĵ·ϣвʵķ顣
ûסĹһ·ȥ̱ռ죬ƺƵĴҲߡǰܶϽãѵó
ڴ£յĵ̲󣬴Ӷ֮һ֮ܿڲ
ֱĶȥռķ֮֮󣬴ĲͣĵıҲʼķֹͣ
֪ռٶ࣬ܰĵĵ̴ҲáһսҪǰˣķ֮ĵ̺ܿͻᱻܣʮ־ĿֱֱĶǰ


984 
ƺƵĶΪ׵һ뺷ӣԴЩͷڶӣź
ҵ˭ԭëûȻҲҺ̡ЦһǴżֲмڣеǾôܴộȥռݵĵطԷռ˹ȥ
ɨһۣЦǼˣĵǿ߶Լѹûʲôǿߣǲռô̡ռݾռˣðǽˣĵ̶ˣԼһ
뵽⣬ͶԷ͸ˣһǽˡ
ЦôĿǾǽˡǱǽ
ЦΪһʵﵽ۾εں仰ֻĿ⿴ߴȴмɻСҲȫȻǷ֯ĴͲСӡ
оܾȣȴ⡣ȵֻҪԼ֣Щ˾ͻֱЩԷ϶ġ
ٸһᣡҪǳڱǼƽϡɫ
ڱ˵仰һ߿ٵߵǰڱ˵˼仰
ʲôǷϵҶ֣ŭ㣬Ķ㣬ԭҲ˵ԼĶӱϵбŭǴ˴ΪͨõͨӿֵĴȪѹеŭ⣬ǿȵõȪʱҪնֱۣϵӵʬΡû뵽Էҳǰ
ˣǷϵү֣ү²⵽ߡСϢˣôҪƤ
ŭ㣬ɫŤû뵽ԷȻҳǰ㣬¶ֲɱ⣺㵹еʬζѽҺޡ
ŭ֮䣬ȵƱֲѹ£ͬ籩һϯ£ֲ˸оĪѹƴŷ򣬿ֲ˺ѿռ䣬ȫǶÿͬشһ㣬мѪɳȥ
ԭΪҲش㣬ȴû뵽ĳϢ֮䣬㵲֮⡣
㵲סƣҲż־壬ԷеҪǿֵԷƺѹԶԶƽĵ۾
۾ľȻ޴ֻһΣȴ֮𡣡ֹת¡ȻֲȴƾѹסرԴͨйɵˣסƸơ
۾Ķ㣬żֺ˿ɫԼĶΪʲôбˣҲܱն˫֡
ڵλۻѹ㣬ҲվǰһƱֱ䱪ȥɵ۾ƺͱƶһ𣬾֮䣬λ۾ǿ߱˺ɫء
۾ƱƴϾȻһǿ֪ʵǺǿ˵Ŀⲻɿ㣬ȴͷŤһߣ˿ûнλֵ˼
۾üͷ뵽һ·֮ϣĻδ֡־⻤ߡ
ģҪλ۾ߡǱĶ֣۾еǡ
ȴ֪Ƶģű˵ҴŴǰҪɱǵġϷͨҪˡ
Цָߴ󺰵ƾҲռȡϷֻҪһЩҷĴ׵ıݻ١
ģԼֲԷ۾֣кѹѱֻҪԼһЩ˶ƨܡ
رǱЩп˶ĺ⣬ǰ¶ǱƶġȻƶģѵԷܶôΪɣ
㲻ܱļЦֱһӣ󺰵ֻ˵һ飬ȫҵģܰ⿪Ҫ˭ҷ¡֮ء
һ仰˸ŭʮ㣬Ȼŭʮ㣬ȴ޷ܾԱűȥ
ɱߴ󺰣ӿŶԷȥֲ֮䣬ܰһж˺ѵķ顣
ʱһ𣬸֮䣬ֲĳɣּޱȡ
ɱɱ쳹գصﶼ̫߽սǿֲġҪء
߳Աɱһɱ۾ʵĵǿߡǳֶΪ·ǰѶĺȫԷƵġ
һ֮෴ȻкܶıˣɸǱǰֵġǳֲþȫΪһƴ⡣
ɱ󺰣Ҳ䵽ս֮УֶŶԷǿ߹ȥں֣˲öԷǿ˾֣ñһûս⡣
ĴȻƴĶսˣ΢΢üͷǲ˼ģ뷨ԼĴȥԷӦðӴܲŶԡǾȻôƴ̬ȣ̫ˡ
СӹȻмֱ£Ȼڶ̶ʱͿôΪƴ֪õʲôַ
Ķڣӿ֣ȻһɱΪԼӱֻǰŵ۾ò뷨
˵ܱСӺһ۾նֱۣһ۾е˭Ķˡ
˶һۣشЦҪ֪ǾȰ˵
֪㵱۾ܵסЦֲٴαֲƴֻ۾ȥֲֿԵ
۾ԱСӣֲϯ֮䣬˵һ𣬻ͻХ죬ϯױȵֱֱĳȥ
߶л֮Ĺһ𣬶ʱݣ߱ĳߴ򶷵߸漴˺ѳѪɢ䣬նʱѪζʮ㡣
ɱѪζ̼Ӫ˸ǺУ趯еıŶԷԴݺݵ˹ȥֺҪ׵ɱ
䣡䡭
Ϻսǲҵģ߱ԴѪӿ֣һ𣬼ΪѪȡ
˼䣬϶ԶԷǿֻ֣߳ҪԷǿսбֳǿضںɱɱ֮䣬ѾŲǿߵСЩջأҪôǿߵ弫ѣȴҵˡãô壬Լֶοʩչ
ɱɱ
ɱ۾Ѫ죬ҵɱ£⡣ǲԸΪֻѹڱ²òǴʱԷƴˣٴȥҪޡ
ǲԸȻ±ɿű۾סǾûս֮ˡ
ʱֱһӣһ⣬ֱֳ䱪ȥٶȿ磬͵Ϯ
⾪޵һܰն˺ѵķ飬ͬɫ䣬û뵽ŵ۾֡һת۾һ˲Ҫ̽С


985 Ϸ
͡
ңεٶǱ󲻵ģŬҪ㡣ȴѾûȫܿ͵Ϯ޵һڶԷ֫֫ᴩ壬ɹѪҺй
Ӱ֮ϣְסԼ֫˲䱻ѪҺȾ졣֫ľĶ绯ɫż𺳺Ͳš
ԷٶȿĳԤϣҪ켸֡ҲͰˣԷ˲͵ߵġԼһﵽ۾ε߼εҲ˿֡Էˣֱ˼
۾ųֵ绯һ˱и˵ͬʱҲȶԷΪʲô߳⾪һѵԷֶ߳߳һ˿Ϣ׽
һӿѪҺһŷɢ˿дŵķֻ֮֮ⷨҪֲźݿֲĻʹ÷֮ɢɻһЩڻش壬ʵѪҺֹס
˭ŭ绯дɭĺ⡣
ȴٴαŶԷ˹ȥֲֿԵ֮䣬ضΪ֮ѡ
۾绯֣Ҳ÷ȥ֮䲢飬ɷȥֲ
ɫ䣬Ҳ˲ƣ趯ӰӰи֣ķ۳ɾ޴УŻķͬʱײȥ
䡭һصľ챩֮䣬ɾ޴֮мضķ飬ϵɽ𱻺ɣɢ䣬ջһƬ
۾ĴǿֲģϯȥĳѷԲ߸˺ѵķ飬ѪҺɢ֮УһƬѪޱȡ
˺ϣ˺Ҳź͵۾ε൱
ʱɱһ𾳵ǿߣȡ֮绯ߣű˵ıоԷʵһ¶ҪԼһѣ۾Ȳ
۾Ĳô𣿡ֹȴβܰѱԷԽǿǾԽһԼɱӣҪǽղɱնԷȻ鷳
ڴʱҲߣ˵ȻشҪʰѡ㿴
ô֪ҧԻʱһŻֲ֮ķ֮ϯһ֮֮䣬ֲܰһж˺ѵķ顣
ڷ֮£Ϊ֮ɫնֲƬռеһжѭɷ򡣻ϢأһжҪƵġа
ܵŨҵķ֮ɫҲأ绯ż־塣Ǿ绯ʵɰԵķɷͣΪʲô
ɣķǿֲġԶһ㷨ҪǿҪһȼķʮ֮˾Żܡ
طɹ֮棬ķ򾡹ܰԵֲȴվǿ١һٺķ顣
绯˵ʱ۾Ҳ֣۳ֱ֮֮ɨȥƵı϶÷
÷סˣ˺Ϊ϶ԵʣӿһɹѪҺ
㿴һĻǴЦǿΣֻҪսȥ޷˿ڣѪҲҪ㣡
ǿʽκβѪҲǺõġ۾
绯ʱӰ趯趯֮ӰڣиֵУǧ֮䣬ࡣ
۾ʩչ࣬УʱعѹбǧⱻŴǧ飬ֲĵâҫ۳գ˿ֲ𵴶ܰһж˺ѵķ飬â֮һǿֱֱɨ
໯ǧȥɫ֣кȻĶ绯
֣ͨû뵽ԷʩչͨͨǴеĶ֮·ϵһͷѣǿĶҵʥѡǣȴ뵽ԷȻͨС
򣬲Ǵôͨʩչǵ۾ûڶԷʩչͨ£Ҳûˡ
رǿԷͨ˵ҪǿĶࡣãͨ£Ƕ֡
ͨճʩչķ֮ϡ
ʩչʥÿֲķͬŻ֮ܡڵ£Ȼѿһķ顣ȻҲ˴
䣬Ҫܿನĳıͨô㿪ģϣҽһһѪҺ³סӰ
۾׼Ӱ趯Աȥ
֣Ӱ趯ܿǾˣδȫܿٴαһУһѪģѪҺ
ѪԼĴͬƴɱܣŭһ˺ѿռ䣬ſռ֮мȥ
¹ϣ֪ԼʱȻ˻𣬵ǱҲ֪ҪһߣϷͳ׵˶ԷУǱҲͨԵˡ
ű뿪󺰵ס
ĺû۾֣ǿź£Ŀռ䣬ñ뿪ǿһǿҪ룬ǸסȻˣα˷
һſռ䳹׺£ŭҲʮ㡣۾ԼԿռ֮ƿأпܵס
ǣǲ֡ԼŬҲа
˷һûᣡߵЩδ̫ˡ
ȻĻΪҲԲ¶Է֣ȻˣǾͲùĴܣó£ͨ
Ҳ֪˵ãֻ̾һ˵ͷ
λѾˣǻҪֿҪʶȤͳǣҪǲʶȤ·ڶ·󺰣ŵ۵ÿһߵĶС
Ȼ߿˱뿪ԭӦսǣսܣ߿ʼͶ
ȻҲЩǿֵġȻŹǣӰֱֱֲŶԷɨ˹ȥֱֲɨȥЩըѿѪɢ֮Уٴζ˼Ѫȡ
ּΪκ˲Ͷֱӳɱ
ûе۾ǿߣûʥӼ˭Ķ֣ܿǾͱľٶ˵ңԭҪƴֿˣҲ
Ȼǣڳ֮㶯ùʿÿһˡ
ЩҲףΪʲôӪôǽˣԭԷа
˾ֺԹУе˶˹ԭűˣҲڳϡ
ԷҲһϷǴˣֻҪʼϣϷͻУֻǲ֪һ֣ͨǱﴽȪʲôȼģҪǵõһȼ˵Լܽͻ𾳣𾳡


986 Ȫ
˵ϢϷϷʱ𶯡һʼϷɨȥΧΧģܿϷҲ׵˵ƿС
ȻϷǻһЩǿͷͷҲûжôﵽ۾ﶼǷҪܲо;С
ԷȻ¶Բͨ˼ҲûбҪϾɱϾҲԵ۾֣Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
ɨ֮䣬ϷųɱաǹעϷÿһֵͨ״Ǿ͸Ͻ֪ͨǡ
ɱϷͻȻ֮쳣İȻȴƴɱһжʲô顣Ϸĵλãÿ춼ȻҲʱʱһЩҩһԼҩļ
ѵҩĶΪľһ켶Ʒҩĵҩ㼴ʹ׵ĴУûʮɵİƳɹĵҩһ;ʧܵġ
ԣŬԼȣߵĳɹʡ
ʱһĹȥԭΪͨܿ֡һ¹ȥˣûͨӰӡɱҲֹͣﵽƽ⣬ٳˣȴͨĳ֡
ǶҲΣֵͨʱ䲻ʱǰһ£ЩʱһġھϴͨѾһʱˡʱ伫ãҲǿԽԽԵ֮һ
Ȼͨоõĺôÿ֣ͨŻƽȪĳ֡
ƽȪһıȥܼǱ֮⣬Ҳϴ߶صһЩΡȪټÿһȪϴʵ̫ﲻ棬Ҳд֮
һʮ׾ߣʮ궼ƷʵżȻһλõȪϴ֮ͻͽʱ䣬ֱӴﵽܡ
ϴܲ٣һ˴ﵽҲûʲôֵģһ׾ﶼܴﵽˡ˶ʶƽȪ֮͡ƽȪļֵҲһھ
˷־ǵ۾ﱻƽȪϴĪĺôڵ۾֮µ͸˵ˡ
ʱﵽ𾳶壬ͲһܴﵽˣⱦЧͻơ
ܴﵽ𾳵ĻʵһĲΡʥӼԶﵽپ롣ʥӼҲҪɵࡣ
ĵȴУǰ֮ڣѾһֵͨǰˡ
Ϣ˷ϴűƿصǿǸϹȥ
ǰ׵ķϷĵһݵأϢⲻٵԼݡϵʱײİѾķˣκһʱ̶ࡣ
ڰݵģһССУת䲻ֻٶȼ
ǣתʱܰѷݶУЩȴû˶룬ǸӿУ·ǵıƵġ
ֵľ۾һӦþЩݷٶ֤ǿŵ˴ȪϢ
˵ͷ˵Ҫŵ˰ȥ𣿡
˵ﵽһεǿߣˣȷܴǡ
ЩǵסġЩֻϣܵסͷ֮µھͷҪǸĻԼֵش
ڵͷİɣѾ˷Ϣǵ֪Ϣʱȡ˴ȪͨҲˡ

صȴȴʱ䲢ϣʱ䣬в󵽰׵ĴСﵽ֮оͲɢеԱߣһĻһֻֻķû뵽֮У񡣷ûбˣķСǣڰݵش׳۶һĻ
ķͬɶ˻һϵĸ
֮⣬ĿֱֱĶУ֮пʼŽڽ֣ΪģʼȪˮЩȪˮʵ֮Уķȥá
ЩȪˮķݣë˲ĸӹ
ǽɫȪ治ͬ졣ܴʱЩȪˮֻմȾһЩϢЧѡ
˵ͷĿֱֱĶųУӿȪˮԽԽࡣһɱɣɱĹɣϵɢɢʮɣֹͣ
ʮȪˮӿãǵϢë˲żĸơֻһϵֲҲĳɳ
һ磬һ֮еĽſʼϵļǿҫۣƽһ㡣
ڼҲͬƽɢĽ⣬ʱϲöɫȪĽҲŨƷԽߣƽĽ⣬ѾϵȵĲΡʱԽãӿֵĴȪԽá
˷ܵĶУ֮йȪˮѾӿĲ࣬пʼŽɫȪˮƽˮȪˮ֣ڿռ䵽У󺰵֣һȡȪӿ͸֮УĶ˷һζҪǴ
ͷͬʱ䵽УŹĽɫȪȥĻҲԱߣŹȪ˹ȥ
Ȼλ۾ҲɽɫȪ
ɫȪ֣Ũҩζҩζ͸ıϢ֮УоԼԪתΪ֮Ծ˼֡
ǺöϢЧƷƷĵҩˡֹһѹΪ֮񣬱ΪʱѹƳޣⶫֵô
ɣоɫȪ쳣أɻһȴоƵġ
Ҫʵƾ֮ܰУȻᡣ
סӰٴαֲһֲĴȪɽͼ֮УʹգʮɴȪвɲϣ͸ءޱȣ
㣬ȫҪ˷ѣڴ󺰣͵һӣĳȡȪ
ȻҲˣ˷գһεĴȪӿԶҪ࣬˺£޷յġЩȪ˷ѣվڰߣһȵߺﵽϵߣȡ
һ仰Щ˷һ͵ļŴȪķ
ԭ֮ǵߣʱҲŸмϾͨߣ˷ҲñȡȪ
һ˷ɣȪҪ࣬һʱȥĴȪȴϲӣⴽȪֵ̫ˣϲȻǣ̫õĻʱϵ֣ͨϢҲð
ڵĵʱһŭճ֣㣡
һ仰ɫ䣡û뵽Էô죬ȻǱģ뱪ͬʱֵǣмɿֲƣƲ۾кȻ


987 ͨ
ʹǰֵҲֻǱһɨһ顣ܵסķâ
һ·˱ɣת֮䣬͸ϵ˵ǰȡŽɫȪ㣬һ˵ȡٶΣǹ鱾
ڼԷ֣ȴȪӿͨټɳ۾󺰵סǡҪմȪˣһҪǵ棬ֵͨ֡
ڵĻ۾ǿ߼ֲķܣڱס
һĻЦһĿ⿴ߵ˵λӦǵЧõĴȪƽ֣ԸǶһЩǰҪɱˡ
ģȻɱǡ۾ЦĿֱֱĶ㣬ȻԷҲ۾Ǳǵ۾ΣҲﵽ۾һζ壬ʵǸ߳һأ˺֣Էܵסɱһ˶ѣ׾١
˳ȵĶǰĴȪⴽȪȻǼƷĴȪҪܵõⶫ˵ͻƿʵһΡ
ﵽ۾ҪһΣ͵һС죡
Ϊķͨգ޷õȪȴû뵽εǿһΣСΣССһȴսʤˡ
ڱǣһļϣϷ֪ϷȪֵĵط͸˹ҵǣӿֵĴȪ̫ࡣǸʱԷδͨͨ뿪
Ҳ˳ȵĶˡ
ֱһӣҲǰ۾һбòӡ
ŵǰЦһεѵΪһϵڶεɣ
ûдֻ鴽ȪɹɴȪӿ֮䣬ϵû뵽ͼ֮С
ɱ
һ۾ȥ
绯ڵӭȥԱֲ֮䣬Ϊ֮𵴣ԭΧߵķݣ˲䱻ʵķ顣
Ѫɢ俪˲䱻Ⱦ죬Ѫζ
ֲӿֱ֮أضһ绯ֵסֲ𵴣˵
绯ߵ˵ͬʱ۾Ҳ趯ֱ˺µķ֡
ĺεȿֲڲϺ£µķֱķ飬ڷ˲䣬ĳ𵴶նʱѣɢ鲼磬ҫۺͿֲͬʱƲʱķ顣
ķҲܵסҵȵĲһЦӰ䣬ٴα
ǻΪצݺݵűץ˹ȥһץ֮䣬˲䵽ǰҪĺץ顣
ȥŭһҪץʱͻȻһɾɾ磬һ˲Ҫᴩ塣
ܿҪץ㣬ȴòܿĲӰķʱĿ⿴ǰӰͫ͵˵ٶ̫ˡ
ܾΡ
ٴǰֲ𵴶ֱ绯ȥԵ֮趯֮ռ䣬ϳ绯ȥֲ˺أ޲׷ɱǧ顣
䡭䡭
𶯶ȫã֪绯ǿ־Ϊֲÿ֮䣬绯ϵĺˡ
㶼ͨȥͨܵĶ绯
绯Ӱ趯ܿԷǿƵĹڶԷҪֵʱ򣬾Ȼò
㲻˱ˣֻҪһЩʱѡ
ʱĴȪӿֵԽԽˣⲻϵļڽͬʱпʼŵ׹֣׹֮䣬תٶԽԽ죬ת֮䣬гһΣϣҲһɵС
֮УŤգ֮ϳһննת֮䣬۳УһĪбͬʱնʼ֯һһͨſռ졣
ͨˣڴϲĿֱֱĿŹβӿУͨ쵽
ս绯£Ҳŭˣŭһ֮ŭĶ㻯
ʱضķ飬绯ҲɣҪɱ㡣ʱ㲻ȡȪȻӰܿ
ٶȿ磬ܿɫ˱䡣
ʱȴ󺰵֣ͨѾĲˣһС
˵ͬʱֲֲʱƿ۾ƿͷ֮Ҳ䵽ڵߣ֮ͨмȥ
ںͨͷҪסˡ״ŭǣȰ׵СӣСȡĴȪ㹻ˡ
۾Ҳͨ㣬ɫ˱䡣ɢԸпܱԷߣǾ͵òʧˡ
뵽⣬Ҳڷе̰ܰеĴȪոôഽȪֻҪһ㹻ˡ
ͬʱ㹥ȥ۾֣а㳹ɱ˼۾ֲԻˡ
վҪܵס˵ĹģǧеĴġĶ㣬ŭʮ㡣
ɱʮ㣬ܰԼɱЦһ˵㵱ΪɱǵΪ˺Χκεң
㻹ţ˵ɱ֮ѡ
ЦЦű˵ҪɱҾ֮ġվ͸㣬۾Ҳκβҡ
˵ͬʱһ۲ϵû뵽绯УϢ͵ӿ£绯Ҳϵ趯趯Ӱ֣УͬʱҲ
㵱Ϊ㲻ɣ۾ΣҪͨסġ
˵ЦӿȥӰܿȴ͵Ĵ󺰵֮跨֮ڣ
Ĵ£ʱĻϢһ޴ƳգľƱֲƣӽ֮мɫ趯Ϣһ㣬Ļ֣һ˿ӿɽһֲĻ
ľƳ֣۾Ҳɫ䡣ǲŵĿŵǰ绯һɫ԰ס
࣡
֮䣬˺ȥֲض˺ѵķ飬֮һ𣬵ڻͬʱ֮
վǿܲܵסǡҪߣסҵģ
żЦĻñдǳ˶Ľƣȴǲòʮ־Ǹӿ£ֱֱ㱩ӭȥ
ģôͨŭȫʹ¡


988 Ϣ
ⱬͷŲݵĹԣһ˶Ϊ֮µľ˸
ɫƸǶ£֮Ϣñɫ䣬ȫķ֮£źӭȥ
Ǿģ˶ĿǣǵĿⶼе绯ϣⱬĴԶԶǵĹƣǳܱġ
䡭
𣬳ײ֮һԭرɣɽΪƽء
£ȴ绯ͬʱͨȥ
ǿֲģһİ赲档绯ʧû뵽֮ͨС
۾Σ𻹲߾ߣҺΣŵĻ𵴶Цأò˶˭Ҳû뵽һĻ
˵ס࣬ڵѪҺҲϢѪҺĨһǵѪҺ˶ԷеĺȻ֮ɫȫʩչʱֵһУȻ¶ѪҺ֪ԷһĿֲˡҪκһˣ¶Ҫһش
ÿֲͨͷĻǵĶУɫҲѿ㡣һǵںݺݵĳһơ
ɫŤҲû뵽˺ΧԷȻˡǱŭͬʱЩҡҪԼֵһеĻһشˡ
ſʼʧͨɫ˱䣬ӰͨȥľŹ㣬ȻͨҲҪ׷ȥ
۾׷ȥһȴǱģԭΪܵõȪɲ뵽ĽԷǿǵԤϣʱ׷ȥҲ׷϶ԷȻ˻һͨ֡
ͨʧ㰲ΧɴһǼһˣҲˡ뵽ոյĴս̲סֱðҲ޷ĻȻôǿ

ʱͨбɹǣǰͨԼٶȼ䡣̶һʱ䣬׵һ֪ĵط
һڵĵطһݲֻйͺͺϿȺɽҲûмڵˡ룬ͨĵطҲͬɡ
ӰԶȥʱõȪýȪͻƣʵ𾳵ĵز뾡ܴﵽʥӼ֮ͻƵ۾ĲΡ
ﵽ۾֮󣬲ȥҶ˼ȥҲе
û뵽һ۵Ͽȣ뵽ͼ֮УͼŹɫĴȪȪɢܰ㣬Ȫռ֮УȻһҲ˲١
һӰС֮УȡһݴȪ֮ϡڴȪ룬תɹɴȪսС
ڴȪ壬ȪϴˢһĸоӿͷͬʱӴȪ֮ɢɹ뵽ĵС
ǿǿֲģҪǱ˱ȪϴȻͻͽĽĽȴܻɴȪ֮ӵǿȴࡣ
ӵǿͻȴ㹻ˡ͵𾳵ıԵôʱôһȻȻ̤ƿ
𾳣
㲽𾳱˵࣬һ·֮ϲսʱһ·սջʱȫɹս嵴ϡ
ڹɹս嵴֮䣬֮еҲգһɹԪڣȻССһС
սȻϵӿû뵽УһɹɵĵҲû뵽УۺķĽһս˶˼֡
֮еԪϵû뵽УҲŵ׭ӡУѾ֪Ŷٵط׭ˡЩط׭ޱȡ
ķ׭̣Ůʮ棬һιϵ󣬾ȻԼķ׭
һ뵽Уϵû뵽СҪǱ˵ǧٱҪС֧֣Ҫͻƶѡ
ڷУϢϵһ·սջҲġսȻսⶼա
ʩչ£ԪϽУʵڲϵ
ɵٶǿֲģ㿴СԪ壬̾һСǿûҲֻܳڵ۾֮µҪͻƵ۾ĻСԶԶġ

˲ʱ䣬ȶڰ֮˫ۣ˿ԼĵĴȪ̲סЩۣôഽȪͻһξȻͻʮ֮һ
ҪǸߵĻ֧ϰٸϴһ顣
ŻһС̶ĴȪȳԨͰЩȪ͵УЩȪ׳٣Ҳܽǰ
뵽㲻뵽ҡĻ似ѾĲˣ֪ûЩ鼮
ҺôһϷ˿ġкܴһԭǱԼϷҪʵͲ֪һ᲻ǰ鼮ˡ
ջСо˶ʱܾȲʥӼҲ˼ľ롣룬Զͨ𾳵ˡ
һΣҾܴﵽʥӼˡﵽ𾳶壬ǾųԽ𾳵ֹȵҲЩ˷ܡ
ʱһʥӼһսҪڲͨ£潻滹Ƕ١
뷨Ҳֻ룬ʥӼ֮٣ҵΪֵġ
ջͼԶߣѾԨǺԶˡǰһվԨ뱪Ҫ϶һվͨڴ
һ·ǰӴݲ֮أʼļ˼
ѾƷױˣܶǿٴǰȥˡ
氡ĹȻƷףֱ˼ƽһƷ׶Ϊ֮ͬѵһһĹȴƷס
ǹĹһλ֮أϲռʱĹŲסﱬˣ¶䡣
·ߣȴ۵סɲĿ۷׷׵Ⱥ
ҲȥɣȻƷǲɵˡ˵ŲһЩƷģҲܳһ¡
ţ֮ĹѾ˲ˡԨ˵ˣܶ˶ŹĹȥԹĹʥƷҲ֪ǲģ
˵ʥƷʥô۾ӵаɡοʥΪʲô겻ˣ
أȥǣĶ֣ҲǵġЩƷЩᣬÿԻˮһ

۾ҲһƷＫѰҪܵõһֵĻٴһΣ뵽ʥӼʱǵ۾֮޾ˡ
ǰһ˿бʳַӰǸȥ


989 Ҫ
ĹȺ֮·һأ
Ǵﵽ漶֮أﵽ漶𣬴޵ʱᵽö֮߾ͳһƬĹȺϴﵽ漶ÿһǷˣĹȺľ󡣲ֻΪߵԶԶǿĵطҪűûйɭ
ȻĪĹҲʱߡܶ߾ͳֹһ£̤һߡƽ˼֮أһȴޱȡ
ΪģΪĹȺĵһĹʱʱĳһƷͳ֮ࡣΪ֮ᣬ֮䣬ɱѪɺӡ
ѪҺĹȺգļɭ֮С
ĹȺ֮УΪʿ˶ĸоΪܸоĵĹȺŲٲɢꡣЩ䡣
Щ겻ͬͨ壬ΪԵʣܱȲӵ߿ֲҲܱͨġرЩ棬߶Ȳǡ
Ϊʲô˵ʱֹˣ¾Щˡ
һ·꣬㵹ûжйĹעЩ겻鷳ͰˣҪĻȻóΪʿֶλеġ
ЩƺҲ֪㲻ǣûж֡ǱߣǲǱ깥
Ҫıƴ߲ꡣʤڹ죬͵Ϯܶڷ
һ·ŹĹȥĹѾ˲ˣ˼ͷƤŹĹǸĶӿȥ
㿴ŹĹڣӰŹĹ֮мֲ֮İЩ˱Ƶÿһ·ӰûС
ƷȺ¶ĿһӰɫ壬λﱻջˡ
Ĺ֮УĹʮǴ۵ĹѨװεۼܾٴ򶷻ٻ˲٣ɻܸоȴ
ĹѨ֮УĹѨͱһ죬бһߣߴֲѵǰ˸Ʒɡ

˿ŵǰˣŭһҪ˶俪ĹĹš
ڶԷֻ֮䣬Ҳˣŵǰߴ󺰵뿪ĹѨԿϣҪˣ˭õĹѨı
һ仰ò˳ϣҪסߣߵʵǵԤϣ֮䣬һ˸ɣѲסԷ
д󼱣ȴ޿κΡֻĿŶԷ䶼Ĺſڡ
߿ĹžǰҲϲֻҪܳĹѨɡκεԼԿУʱȡеı
뵽һ۵ĹѨȫԼУ˱ס˷
Ĺǰ߿Ҳû⣬һֲϯŶԷŭ֮ɫƺҪ˺Ƶģ
һ仰ûۿһۡǰ۵Ѳɻܵסɣ
㿴űӿɫҲޱȣֱ趯ֱֲԷȥ
һ˲ѶԷķ飬ۿŶԷӰһޣڶԷֱϣֱһӣѪҺӿʳ
һŷ˳ȥİ߷ɣĹѨ֮С
һССľ𾳣ȻҲҶԱСС֪һսڶԷǰ
֮شԷҲΧм䡣
߶վ߲Զ㣬¶壬Ҳû뵽ȻôǿֱԤϣԼоȻһ֮ڡ
ŰΧһߣ˺ԿײˣϽԿ׶ȥ˴󺰵Կλûȥǰɡ
ˣһŭһڵֲ䵽ԷϣϺһѪڲ֮ڷԿ׵ϣȾѪɫ
֪ȻҳŸλڲֵʱȡԿףΪӳȥɣһŭ𣬴ϼԿףĿⲻɿ㣬ҲЩȡһסԷȻĹͣҪȻԷпӴܡ
شһ𾳵ֵӡʵ˭
㿴һ۶ԷеԿף˵˭Ҫ㻹ԿȥĹѨɡ
üͷվû˵ʲôһȺٴμĹѨڶԷҲû붴Ѩ
һĹѨâĹѨĸϣŲٵ˱һĻĹѨչĻ֮䣬ĹѨλóһУһԿ׿ס
ֳԿ׿׵߼һĻԿ׶Уߺ϶Ϊһ˲ֹͣĹѨĿĹţһ޴ĵعǵǰ
¿ܿȫعֻһǣ֤عˡ
ŵع֣߷ļ䵽У찡Ʒгֹҿ졣
һ仰£߱伤У㶯Ҳ˲ûл
عǸӣеƲƽԹһ޴֡
ͬԹһĵعûֹסŲһϵмȥЩ˵ٶȿΪ֮Ŀ
ֲĸ֪ӿֳܸǶȥʺǰеķ򡣿ع棬Ȼܸĸ֪ڸ֪ԼʮףҲӡ
Թ֮з·һַκθֻ֪άʮڡ
ִֹһȴֻͬһϹһȥ
Ʒ㲻룬ڸոߵعһʱ򣬾߾
㶨ȻȥȻһҫֲɳڵϣǽŹֲĽԵ񱩵ǸŽķͼΪ֮Ŀ
ĳò߼ȥ˶ߵ˳ֺ֣ÿһγֶȻܺɱһߡһɱ˲һƬѪɺӡ
㿴һĻ̾һȣˣǰɡɱѪ̫࣡
˵ʱӰＤȥٶȺ֮죬һ˲͵ߣϯ˹ȥ
ס֣һŭ˹ȥ
ֱһӣ˲ɣһ˵ΪǲⶫⶫȡˡνҲ˭Ϊǣˡ
һ仰˴ԳֱȥԵֲ˺ء֮ʮעĿ
ŶԷЦֲŶԷ󺰵λδ̫СˣҲκεң
Ǿ𡭡
֮䣬˲ѶԷѶԷķ飬ﳤȥЦݣһˡ
˿ﳤȥ㣬ڴſԷǿǣôǿһȻҪҪˣ


990 Ŷ
عģмߣǻ˲ʱ䣬޷Ҷ·;·֮ͬͷӬһҴܡ
ȥˣҪȻ֪ߵ£ֹһӰǰһ·ϣߣȻҲǱĪĵع֮еġ
УҲû뵽ð취ֻϹһĿĵǰС
ڵعĿĵ죬ҲûҵعڣüҪҪʱͼȴһâֳ
о棬ȡͼĿͼ֮Уܿͷ״ڹʿĹѨеõʥ֮ɢĹââʮͣһ緽ȴŵӿ֡
۾һȡʥ֮ӡоʥ֮ӡһ΢ǣơŹֵһĻоȣ嵹鲻Խʥ֮ǣķȥ
ʥ֮ǵʥµģֻʥ֮ɢ˺ܶ࣬Լõ鲢ҰǺ϶ΪһҲ֪ʥ֮жٿ飬ⶫҪǴȥ½Ϊ֮
ֶ˵ͷĿǿ߶ᱻ
ʱʥ֮ӡı仯˵кʥ֮йصĶ͵Ҫкʥ֮йصĶǾǾܡ
Ҳû뵽ΪһƷףȻشķ֡
ʥ֮ǣ²ǰУʥ֮ǣڲĿģܿͻƲع˵ع
ʥ֮ǣߣعĶôӣҪǻԼĻʮ¶
ǰУǻһʱ͵˵عģڵعһĹţĹźܿǰƣԭΪƲĹšǣһƾͰĹŸƿˡ
ƿĹţվǽĹ֮УУʱоһĪķڿռУĪķ͸ÿһֻоԼȫѹƣƶʮּѡ
ŷϢһУ·ضǷ磬һв˳ŷϢҪȥ
͡
һ˲䣬һѪҺ³пֲķϢѹͿһѪҺǷ磬һﶼܵų⡣
ȫǷ磬һж÷ϷĹַﵽ˼¡
۷򣡡ӿһͷﵽ£Ϊ۷򡣴۷Զͨ۾ķ֮һּ¡ּ£һжҪ˳ķ¡
۷ǿֲģǱϢѪ㲻ò˳ȥ
˳Ĺ֮⣬Ÿоǹǿѹʧ͸Ĺſģһ޴ĵععԲΣʮڵعģһУа뿪գȻ֮ܿеĶȴɢŹɹϹ⡣Ϲеʥ֮â໥ϣﵽһ¡
͵˼£ѵһʥ֮ɣ
ԽԽпܣʥ֮ôܺﵽһ¡
ĿȵĶĵУֻбķϢ޷ӽ
ͷܱܿЩѹʱԭɢķ򲨶ͻȻʧȻ£ȥϲ͵ļĹѨĹѨ֮Ҳûиоһ˿ķ򲨶
֮෴ǣĹѨ룬ȴҫ۹âҫ۹âһΣβֻһƴ󡣿ȴҺ壬ҺСתͬʵʵķһϢת
ʵʵķ򣡡㶵ĿǰɫСˣЩ𶯣㲻뵽һֿܡ
򾫻򾫻Ǵ֮۶ɵģǰľȫԼ϶ΪһγԪӤķ֮͡
ǴһĳɾͣһͷŨУһҪܵõҵõӤϿɣ͵ǽ˴ȫĴУֻҪ϶ȹߣ˵ٴγɾһۡ
뵽ŵϼأֱֱĶǰӤдų֮ɫһñȻҪСҪҲǳġ
۾Ӥ㶼֪ļֵжôˣԶԶƷס
һֱֱĶӤĵβܵõ۵ľ۶ɵӤֲԲʱܺġԼҪðȻȥȡӤⱩһ򹥻Ҫ
˵㣬ǵ۾ǿߣҲȥȡӤ
㲻뵽ŶŶѹӤ֮ͬѹ˵ѹӤ
뵽⣬㲻뵽Ŷ֮СֻŶƣŬŶǲ֡
޿κΣȴòŬȥŶޱİ취ѹӤˡĶȻǾ;òܷŹ
ⶫһܺںϣ͵һ۵ͳŰ֡һǾ㲻ұںϣȽﵽһΣʼһ۵ľҲͻͽˡ
һ۵ľֲվĵۻʣ޵еĿǿߣľʥƷﶼҪüΡ
гȣʩչŶҲŶ仯ŶͬʱӤʼ͸ɹɷ֮ٴ͸
һĻɫһ䣬ϽĹ֮ȥոӤķ򲨶ѹȵѪ㲻ԸٴγһΡǣ㼴ʹңεٶȣҲԶԶȲϷĲ
Ⲩٴɨ΢ĲٴλĿѪҺ
͡
ԼĹͷҪѹȵķˣ֮Уңҧ׼Ĺ֮⡣ҲӤˣⶫûȴȡġȻ˵Ļֻܷˡ
̾׼ʱһֱûб䶯ĹŶʱȴһϢ
Ŷͬܵһ㣬ϢбѹķϢɢκηϢܽӽ㷽Բʮڡ
ĹŶмģתÿһת׳һ֡
ųֵĹŶɫϲٴӿӤȥ
ŶϢҲ˴۷򣬴Ǻнĵۻʣĵֻ̣ķ֮ǣʱȴһֹɢܳܣ
ʱһɹɷ򲨶ͬˮһ㲻ŹŶ˵ոյķ򲨶΢Ļʱķ򲨶ǿ籩ꡣ
΢綼ѹȵѪҺǿ籩ǺĿֲ֮䣬ռȫŤռֻʣķ
ŶҲͷϢ͸ȥϢֲﵽµķȴκβ˹Ŷֲķ򣬶޷Ŷһ֡
棬Ŀ⿴Ŷⶫ̫ˡ۷򶼲κΣǲ˵ҪŶҪԽۣﵽͨΪĴڣпܺ
Ŷɴ۷˿ûкǹâԽԽâ֮䣬ʼɽˮ֮ϵĸ֡
ɽˮ֮䣬һ׭׭ȫϳɽӣͬ︡ƵģһѹϢ͸ô۷Ϊ֮˱ܡ


991 ʬ
Ŷӡһۣ۽һ滭Ӥ˹ȥ۷˲ȴȫصӤ֮СסӤŴ۾ӤȻûУͳ׵ıŶѹڹŶ֮һ˿Ϣû͸
Ŷѹȡ۾֮󣬾ڴ뵽Сʹܺһһ
ҲܹŶĿ⵽֮ϣץȥعȴ͵ҡ͵סӰĿܿعµľʯĿ⿴عʱعͻȻһꡣ
Щǧ꼤ͬʱصҲӿЩʮ㣬ıЩɡ֮󣬿ʼ׳
׳Ȼ˹껯޶ϳ㡣
ɫҲ˱䣬һֻ⡣ǧ겻ϵĳͲòˡ
趯׵б׵ЩϣʱЩҽ׵֮䣬һɹɰ̲ϵð
׵ǿ񱩵ģϳɱһֻֻꡣɱһȺȺ겢ûЩֹͣӿֵĸࡣ
ǧ겻ϸ֣عƵģ¶ϵ˹
ӡͣ׵粻ϵļֲ׵缤֮䣬ضƵģ׵һ̡
ҪǱߣ˶ͷ۷顣Ϊʿȴĺһ·Ӱп
㻹δӴУЩͱ˻֮䡣ع֮оȻһ߾߽ʬһĸʬЩʬӵعӿ֣Ҳĳ뵽ʬ֮С
ʬ󣬸ʬҲ֮ЩʬҲӵعעһ۵УЩʬȻʵȻǵȴĵز
ʬ趯ŷ̵צӣ˹ȥ
ɫ䣬ֱȥĺǵϡʬǿԽĹƣԭΪԼһܺһѪǣһͨشʽȴûһ˿ۼ
ǿĸʬ㿴Щɿݵʬ壬о塣Щʬǿȿȸ
͡
ʬצ趯Ȼץ˹ȥʬȻû࣬Ҳʮϰٸÿһſȴǿȿֲĺˡĸʬ㶼ͷޱȡ
ǸʲôģʬİɡһȴòܿЩĹһ俪һʬ
㱩ŭ׵籩ֱЩʬȥЩʬɢζЩʬʹʹյڣͬĳ㣬ĵ۲ϵı۽
һͷͷʬ޾壬ϰͷﵽ澳ĸʬͬʱʹҲܲסˡòʮֵľ񣬷ĳϱֲԿЩʬ
Կ£ʬɣҲùһʬĵ۴֮ѪҪⲻٵҲûΧ
Ӱ趯ϵı׵绯׺һɱꡣУȴϵĺʬ
ʬǿȳԵϣǱȴ޷شǡǾͬһͷսһȥ㣬һ˿һıĸо
Щʬ˹ȥʵѪϢǵġÿһͷʬ£ϵ𵴣۽һ˹ȥ
ϰٸʬĵۺֲոʵĹҲʮͷۡǾȼն£ҪɢЩʬĵۡ
Ǹʬ֮䲻ӣ޷飬ǱԷһɵۺϣֱ۾ʹͬʱֱҲʼӳһڵĺߣ綾һϵֱӡ
ʬ
ɫ˱䣬ԼʩչɢӶϵʬ
ʬȴᣬԱ۳ȥҪ˺ڴˡ
ֲִֵĵ۳ײһ㱻ĵ³һѪҺѪ
ѹڷѪҲŭ£Щʬȥ֮飬ÿһγֶʮɵĳ̶ȡ
սȻʽϵıгֳʩչԵ񱩵Ÿʬ¡
˹һ˲һʬֱ۸ǣⲢûӰͷʬͷʬɷܴ꣬شɱֱֲȥһͷֱ֮䣬ĵ˿شǰ
ң˺ȴ޿κΡЩʬֻͬ࣬ǱĿܣͲʹǳ׵ķǣҪȻ޷Ըǡ
ҪٵǶѣͳȫǡ
սͷ裬˷趯սʹ¡ϰٸʬΧ㲻˿Сӡǵ۾Ҫǵ۾ܽѹЩʬûзֻܽԼʬ
˶ﵽ澳ĸʬͬʱΧƽ۾ڲʩչ¶Ҫͷۡο㣡ڶԷ£Ĳϵĺˡ
䡭䡭
ն˿裬ȫĵֳֳͬʵıƵģ˷â¶սܾ
ֲսⱩ֮䣬УϵĳʬȥһսϰٸʬǼҵģս֮ʯ쾪ع
ս£սѪڣȫĵս⣬սⱩ£ܼ֮ơ
㲻Ϻʬ㵤֮УԪתҲﵽ˼¡ȻԪﵽµͬʱ㲢֪еӣҲĵĿֲս⡣
սⱻգӲӿֳһԪ뵽С
ĵ£Ҳתת֮䣬޴γɣǺһ㡣
Ȼ֪Щɲϵıֲֲһͷʬϣһͷʬ
ͷʬǿֲģʹµıǾ£ǱճɻҽȻΪ˰ͷʬΪҽҲϵĵסʬķ
͸ʬսһţսѪڡһս֮ĸʬǼҵġ㼴ʹʥӼսʱҲ쳣ĳʵٶȷӵ֮󣬲ܱ֤Լİȫ
䡭
ٴһιѪӰ趯²ȶ֮䣬һж̤ķ顣̤ͬʱϵҲֲսĵѡ
㾪սȥսܰѵعƵģռΪ֮ҡΡ
ת£гȥ΢΢֮⣬зߣﶼŤһƬˡ͸һɹɵ۲ϵû뵽ĵ֮УɢУսٴһǡ


992 ֮
ս㱬ϰٵĸʬһս˼¡ĵ۽֮֯䣬Űֲĵ۲Ϻ㣬Ѫĵϱʬ
սȻеӷս⣬ԪҲӵУ־ĵ֮СԪУһ㵤ٴӡһ֮

ŭϼɸʬϰٸʬ֮䣬ʮֻ㳹׵ĸաǣʮֻ㲢ûиоɡǽ֯ĵۣƣԡ
ʬϳֲĵ㣬趯ӰסһһĹ
ڶԷǰͺ̵ĹУ˲˺ѪϢѪҺ
ȵĹҲˡǰͺ̵꣬ԼͬսһĸʬҧڿգһƬյأ·
Ϊκβ𣿡ҧڵԪıе͸ʬ㶼ɱġ
ԭҪԸЩʬ꣬ҪķôֱӶ绯Ϳԡ绯ʩչ൲ס۾ľ޴ɡ£㲻ö绯
ȻˣȻͨɹɷⲻϵıҫأһ£ȱǶķ궼ס
Իǧ飬ŷ
ŹɹϵĹĵŷ⣬Ӷȥϣһɹɾ֮ӿ֣һԭײе꣬ɹ£ȻƽϢ˱Űܵƻ󣬱׵ʧתͬ޸Ƽһε
ˣ
ӿ֣ŵ֮ҫޱȴӿ֣ͬһƵġȫŴȱ͹ƻһ궼ʧȥҡ
ⲻϵӶһЩϴ񡣷ǿֲģսࡣɹƻ;֮ȴҪԶԶࡣ֮һմȾһ˿⡣ʹǹ񣬶ţ
ԭ꣬ʱҲͣ˱Űͬ޸Ƽһڿռε⾻
໡
һʬȻң⸲ǣ͸ǵУʬ໽໽֮䣬ӿ֣𶯵ع
ʬʱ⾻Ƿıֵ۳Ҫ⣬⡣
ܿԷӿֵһɹɵֱۣ۲ϵ趯಻ʩչͬһҫۡ
գ
ʱȵĹââ֮࣬Уķͬһʬڡһֱûʹеĸʬʱȴ·ܾ޴ʹƵġҽŤĵ۸죬۳ܰﶼ˺ѵķ顣
䡭䡭
һ۲ϱʮʬͬʱ㼴ʹܿ룬ɻǲòסһ֡۳ϣѪ
ͲţһͷͷʬܵסľܶȹѵܶǲɣĨһѪҺзˡսʮ㣬ڵȫıޱԪ⣬֮һ𣬳嵴ɹܹ࣬ƻ
գ֮䲻ϳһͷͷʬȥʬķ˿֮Уĵ۴вϵļĿĵĳܣѵعķ顣
㲻ܶԷŰĵۣ಻ϼ䡣һΰѷʩչ£һС̫һ㣬Ϊҫۡ

㲻ϱҪЩʬعҲ˸Ϲ˲ֻ࣬Ǽ߶ѣعÿֲâ㣬㶵Ŀǰ
ǧϰٵ걻ԷĹâͬʮϰٵĸʬȻĹâĵסһƵģվûκһܽӽеһжҪ
ļ˿һĻ̲סһۣ˭ڵλֲ̫ˡʮϰٵĸʬȻͱһ𷨵档
˶յ㣬Щ棬Ҳ뵽᲻ɣ
ʱɵĿֲģȫսⱩ£ԪҲʩչ£ӿ֣һеҪЩʬ
򶷲ЩʬĶ֣ڹɹɴĹâľ£Щʬڿʼı⣬ԭͱŰǣҲմȾһ⣬У͸һȱϢ
ǿֲģø˶šʮϰٵĸʬȻŤ˱ʣ
һоڵķ𷨿ֲƻŤı¾ĵӿֺ⡣
ʱҲЩˣʩչķֲҪ֮ĸʬͬó
ļ˼Ϊ˵·۾עӵɢϹУȻ֪֮ʲôɴӴŵĵطܿĳоǺö
һ߼䣬ץ˹ȥ
Щ˾ȻķĶߣ¶⣬ңηң֮䣬缤䵽ߣųߣһƺ˳ȥ
ŵǬž֮˲ߣҲûпһֱۣһо;Уۿűܿһļߡ
λǴĺ⣬˶ֶڰЩ͸ʬǾȻⶫֱӼߡ۶ŶԷ
⼸˿㣬ɫҲΪ˼ɡǿǵԤϣʹոմսܱ꣬˿ֲʽһоͰȫˡ
˶һۣվû˸ǰ֣һĻһջͼ֮С
ոհջͼ֮Уնʱһɹɿ񱩿ֲ죬챩֮䣬µĵعͻȻѿ˲òڿն
䡭䣡
عһɹɾ죬ھ֮䣬һ׵һ׵֮䣬ǧ׹⼤䣬͵ıˣȻĿѿѷ졣
ѷλã׵粻ϼռ״Ҳ΢΢üͷֱֱĶѷ죬ѷͻȻ߳һˡЩףӴⲻģ㾪ǣЩ˶׵ɵġ
׵ˣԶԶ˵ɴ۾ĿһĻǲ֮ɫǺȻ
㶢Щ׵ˣҲЩɻЩ׵˾Ȼ΢ķ򲨶
߽Ʒףֻдﵽ߽Ʒףſз򲨶ǣӶԷǿûи߽׵ĲΡȻЩ˱׵Ҳܺѡȴûи߽Ʒ־֮ʯ쾪Ŀֲ
ɻ󲻽⣬м߾ڣⲻƷףʥƷµס찡λʥƷס
侪㶣Ҳž˿ȥһ淢Щ۶Ȳס۶ɵġ
ʥƷ׵ɵľȻףȴҲֲʥƷǺ䱦Ʒײһȼġʹ۳ɵľ׵磬ҲƷ׵ĲΡȻΪʥƷ׵ϢĳЩ滹ҪǿƷס


993 
׵粻ϱֲϢһ׵籩ֲ׵еÿһ䣬׵ֲ׵˱׵硣κһεףҲֻԼɵʱ򱩶׵Ժ俰ȡ
׵Χģһɹ׵㣬ֿ񱩶ֲ
ӰܿĿֱֱĶЩ׵磬νЩ׵֮ͻƴʱľ硣
ļ˿㱻׵Χλãһ̲סҺûȡУҪȻĴǵġҲó֮еĶҪȻԷҲ˶ֶΣֻ޾Լֲĸʬ׵綼ˡ
С鷳ˡʥƷ۳˰΢ķ򲨶۾֮£˭ǵĶ֣ǵ۾ΪԷľ׵ԵʰɣսҲ൱ɡСȻǿôܵסЩ׵˵Ĺ
Ϊֻ޲ʹ˶׵һ˵ǻпܵõС
սǵԤϣֲϵı׵һ߽֮䣬ԾأϯعҪѡ
㲻ϼɹ޾׵Ĺսٴ
ԿƷ׵ľ׵磬Ҳֱӳ˵ͬʱǿû̫׵磬ɻǾͷ۵ġ
ȻˣǾֻȵסһ֣ˡ
翴ս׵磬һٺֱЦЩ׵ʥӼﶼҪǿһȻս׵磬ⲻ𣿡
һϵĳ㵲סһ׵繥ս׵磬Ҳ£һ֮䣬ض˺ѣսϣع
սȻ׵Ĺٴαٷ֮ٵ趯֮䣬似ϵı
䡭
㵲סһ׵繥Щ׵ֲȫס׵ͻķֱֱĺϡ
䡭
һ죬㱻׵ݺݵĺУ׵类еͬʱۿ̲ס˷뱻׵繥УҲ°
ǽȴǵԤϣ׵ϣ׵ȫϹ֮䣬ϵ׵ȻʧһɶϢ͵
ۿһĻ㶵Ķ㣬дŲţһ۾Ҳ׵ĵסһɡȻ˿δˡ
һͬЩʹֵȸǿˡ׵ֲҪʱȫֿĶ񻯣׵ĺҪ
׵粻ϵļЩ׵û˿ĻΣֻΪֱӺͿ񱩵׵籩ÿα׵綼˺أΪֲ㲻òʮ־ֵ
䡭䡭
Ӱ趯սȻԪ£ԽսԽ£嶼ĵ;׵罻棬ս۾ˡ
Ȼڽսͬʱһ׵ҲϣһĴ
Ҳ͵ĿųУеǵԤϡÿα׵繥ܵ˺ԽսԽ£սʱ˶ͬһѳʵĳƵģȫĵս⣬սܽƣֲ
ԷԽսԽ£ϵ׵ҲԽԽࡣǿĳǹЩ׵ųȥġ
ѵһսһߴԼ˸о˼飬δ̫ˡ׵شҪ׵ش£ͱˡ
Ȼ㲢Щɲӿֳɹս׵磬Ҳξ׵ĺϣεҲԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽӽ׵硣
ֲ׵粻ϳս⼸ܻʵʣ㵤еӣڷս⣬֮Ҳϵӿ֣뵽ĵ֮С
ֲ׵粻ϱ£ϢҲʼ޾Ԫӿ뵽Уͬʱ׵ҲɹϵĽĵ
£ջس趯ȭͷĺЩ׵潻档
һܰﶼ˺ѣ׵ϣ˶סʱҲƵġֻ;ٸȣ̫С
С㣬ȴžˣһɹϵĺվ׵磬׵籩׵ǵصѹȥ
׵ı£սǿʢϢҲ׵类ɣϷķĲ֮䣬һط׭ϵû뵽С
ط׭ϣǿȻط׭ľһšܶȵط׭Ѿ˵۾ǿˡ
ǶʧĿ㣬޷Ϊʲôô񱩵׵һ˺ûУǵ۾ҲҪشɡ
ǵɻò⣬ڷ׵磬׵Լ
и߿׵ɲʲô˺ֹһ˵ѵ׵ͽɣ
ҧҧݣҲƶ׵ȥǸոߵԱߣ׵籩һֱֱĺϣɳȥһѪҺͿڵҳһӣ
һðźĿ׵籩
Ÿһ֮䣬;׵սһ𣬶䱬׵磬ȴϱɡ
Ϣʼ֮䣬ط׭ȫ裬İȫ趯Ƶġ
׵£ʵܿ𾳶壬ڷ
Ʒ׵׵ǿֲģͬԭΪ𾳲֪ҪãﵽʥӼҪˡ
ǣ׵磬˵һٴﵽʥӼʱԼſİӵ۾֮¡
ﵽʥӼıͨԾͷҲһսΣͲ·˴½ĶΡ
׵绯壬ҲԪ֮еԪϵ뵽Уǿڷܿ죬Ϣͻ˰ž𾳽
䡭䡭
׵ɲ£ʱ׵ǿѾˣҲ˵ֵ׵磬ֱһ׵ǰְѾ׵籣סǿֲ׵
͡
˿һĻ̲סðź⣬ҿȥСδ̫ˣȻֱӱһ߿Ʒ׵ľˡǷ
ǣ׵ȻɫŤϢȴһֱЩ׵κûش㡣
˸оʱսͻȻս⻯ʵʣ糤ǹعս˶סˡⲻ˴͵ģ˴͵ǣ㵤ķӿֳ޾Ĵ֮
䡭
㵤У޾Ĵ֮ıսڣ֮ȴ͸С
ս֮ŷı仯Ҳķ仯סˣ׵綼ˡ


994 ս֮
ĵУȫâ֣ͬȵĻĴ֮ɢɹɴ֮͸ȫ뵽УĴУʼһִ
׵ɲϵĺ㣬֮ǿȲϵǧ۳һ׭ӵϡ鲼ģ
͸Ĵ֮ͷĽһ˷ٴһִƵģȫĵſֲĵ⡣⽻۳ɵۡ
Ͳ͸⣬ʱ͸Ҫһִ֪Ҫ²
һνž׵ԼĶս⣬Ȼӷı仯Ĵ֮ͬˮһϵӿ뵽У͸
׵ڲϴ壬ϵķıĽǿȲӣϢҲϵ׵£ԪͬˮϽ塣
Ϣ˿ǹ֮ͬˮڵԪһ̲סľڳе㣬ͷƤ顣һȴôԪֱġ
ͬˮһԪϢ
ⲻΪ𺳵ĵط˵ɴ۾ŵǣɴһִŻذĻ֮ƣһִȴսơ
ɴԵ쳣Ծһ㣬񱩵ƺɨÿһֶΪ֮ĺ
ִܱ趯ƻΧʮֲֿһ޵еսͿ񱩵Ļ֮Ƴ⣬ܾعɴ趯£ҡ
ԽԽ˸ǶĿų㡣ƽߣһִѡر˿񱩿ֲĴֱǲġǣǰ˾ȻִÿһֶǿƵĵðź⡣
׵粻ϵĺ㣬׵粻ϱ£Ҳϵ
Ĵ֮͸ĴӡС
ذĴģսĵ⣬ȴӡġ
ɴȻ˭İԵǴ˿ȴų⣬ӡС
׵ɲϵĺԪϢѾﵽ˾𾳵ĵزҽ׵ӿֵĴֱֱ֮Ĵﵽ𾳶ĲΡ
ڴﵽ𾳶壬׵壬֮Ҳϵ뵽Сߵ趯ϯɹɷ籩
ֻﵽ涥֮׵ʹ֮͸壬ҲܽͻơֻǿȡףʱĲʥӼĵزҪٽһǾͱƿطͻƴˡ
׷׵磬Ȼ޷Ӿ硣ǿȣɲ˷ѡ
ڷ£׵ȫɵĸɾ
˿׵ʧһ𺳣ò˼顣׵ֲ۾Ҫͷۣɾʰˣǵûиһ˿˺磿
㶵Ŀ㣬ʱڷɵϢѾ뵽Сϣֻɵ趯
ɣĴռĵλһⲻ뵽Сÿһδ֮뵽УԽԵķâ¶
ִƣ뵽УͬһѳʵľƵģɢŲɱӵķâͬսȻ䡣
úܶ˶˺Ŀ¶֮ɫ
ֻ־ķâֻһ˲ʧˡâ¶ٴλָƽ棬һ˿Ϣûɢ
ڵض𣬸ֶաĵȵԶ֮ǰоʱԼɽֱ׾١
ȻﵽʥӼԤϵġδ뵽ǣȻһִУŴϢ֪Ǻֵ
ս֮
һս֮սɵǿֲģսߵĵĵͷ׶ʣǵһģȴΪڱĴǿ
սܰսķǿʮɵսܱʮɵս
ǿֲģĴ֪֮УҲֻϹʱ꼻һ֡һλ˵Ѫս½޵֡۵Χ£ӭսܡһս䡣ҲΪ֮硣
ȻⲻλΪ顣λ۴ﵽ֮ҪһѡΪ׷Ѱ߾磬Ȼսͨ
Ϊ֮𺳵ǣսͨȻλͨսغϡǿֲģͨǺεǸ߸ϣΪ顣ƵģɶԷȻܺսغϣ֪Ǻεȵľ졣
ȻĲ޷ֲġ죬һս𺳴½Ҳŭ𣬱׵Ĩɱս֮ҲֻǾһ֣ʧʱĳ֮С
û뵽ǣȻٴνӵõִкɻͷΪִ
뵽УڵһУӰο˯УŹɹɵ͸УԵ쳣İôҲ뵽ͷ˳ӻĴ
Ҳò಻ɣֻԽԽأض˿¹Ŷر뵽ոմӵг֣ڿռ֮ˮָо͸Ϊǿҡ
һջӶôء˵ǣս֮ǳսɡ
ʱѾﵽ涥ˣܸоĵԼȵʱʥӼ
ںΨǴﵽͬһˡи̾һֱ׷׷
ﵽʥӼ۾֮޵Уֻǲ֪ҵսɲս۾룬ûЩѡ۾Ҫǲ÷ĺǶ÷ĻǽͨƿǵķҪȻԺǿ⡣
ͨǿǿȴһֱʹáԣԵ۾Ǽѡ
뵽⣬㲻ԼյǸūͣ˵һͻƵ۾ȵԨ˹Ҷ˼顣Ǿȥ˵ĵطܲܲ뵽۾
ɨعһۣعʥƷɵľʧعҲչ˵С۵ղǷḻģŲٵĺöҲ֮࣬ǵƷ
ıȻŹϯЩﶼͼ֮С
ߣ̲סۡ뵽ոʱĿֲǾۣȴһ˸ҳᡣֻϣǣһЩǡ
һЩߺҲûй֪ͣŵ۾̫ͣõЩͷҲʱ鷳ˣ
һ·ۣ缤ߣ뿪ߴϲȻعʼеĶ
ոճ˵ع߾һ˲ɢŷϢһٶ͵һᡣعҲʧƬ
գҪһ˵ҪԷˡ


995 һվ
عǰعԹŵҵĵ˼١ܵ뿪ٶȼ죬ŵع֮⼤ߡõеϢᴫȥ
Ȼû֪ʲôⲢ˵Ĳ²⡣Ϣһȥ֪˻鷳㵹ǣɱϾһ¾һ¡
ﵽʥӼٶȿֹ֮䣬һӰ֮ǰļ䣬㵹Թ·Գȥٶȼ졣
Ȼ·;Ҳ˿Ҫ鷳ֻЩֻȫǮƱѣڿ㶼ûʣ¡
ûл̫ʱ䣬ĹѨ뿪㲢ûͣԨķ첽ȥ
ĹѨ϶бıûзϡҪıѾõˣ㲢ȫռУҪ֪ġ
뿪ĹѨԶȡУУйȻһöɫƬɫƬǰõһģһȡ֮ǰõʥ֮ӡոóеɫƬͻĺʥ֮ںɽƬϱһϹ⣬ޱȡ
ƬںһɢϹ⣬ɽתʥ֮ҲЩʧ񡣼һѾˣҲ֪ʥ֮Ŷٿ顣
ͬҲ֪ⶫʲôãֻʥµģҸǹغʥžܣ
Сĵİźã˼ջءλܴĦʥǵĿġ
ȥԨɣҶ˼֮취۾нߵĲΣٸƬǺõġֹգԨķȥ
ִʩչ似Ҫ֮ǰ첻١ҵʱ似ԭΪܼһʱ䡣û뵽ǣս֮İһֹЩ似Ȼȫɾ
Ҳ֪᲻似ǰ˺ΨˣܵúսһǰΧɱңҪ涼ûǺܶ˾ͻŸ뷨ˡֹ
Ѿô࣬Ҫñšţʱܶ˻ڹȷšǿ϶вٰŰɡԣúΨսһһϷǡ
ҵ˼ף׷ɱһǱϾңݺܶ˶ҪɱǣҪΪҵĳˣºܶ⿴ҵɱ
ȻΪʦʦֲ̫ˣûԸ⿴ϣ㷴ΪУȻΪУҲǲġ
᫵͸¶ԭˣֻ뵽᫵Ǹԭ̲סҡҡͷ濴Լ

֮·ϣһ·ǰС·;Ȼ˲һ·ϵ֮ǰ鷳Ƕڴʱǵ㣬һ·񣬲ǰУܵסĽŲ
·;Уžͷ鷳δ㣡
ﵽʥӼٶȱ۾ǿ߶Ҫ΢΢ǿһߡȫʩչң£ǸͷҲֻܺ޿뿪
һ·䣬ڸϵ֮·һվ
Ԩ֮ȣ
֮·ԨĽ㴦߳Ԩ֮һ˾ԨطҲ֮·ȴĵطΪߵԨ֮ȣдﵽͷʵҪȻҪԨ֮ȲᡣܶΪ˽ԨͨԨ֮ȵʱ򣬱ڿ㶼δʣ¡
ȻҪ⻹˵ҪػԨ֮ȵ˼Ϊ̬ԸַͨȺһв˳Ͱĥķˡ
ʹ֮·Ԩ֮ȶ⡣ֻԨ֮ȱվԨһɴ˸ŭԡ
㵽һȻԨ֮ȵĵϸҲ֪Ѫǲͨˡ뵽⣬һЩҩһЩ鷳һЩ鷳ҲԸһս¡
Ԩ֮ŲһȣÿһʵﵽܵĲΣ㰵զࡣԨǹôֱʣȻŴعȡ
ͬΪģһͨȡԴȻǵ°ܻġ
Ԩ֮ȥ֮ǰѾŲٵͨԨ֮·ÿһ˲ƵĹ·ѡЩȽϺãûйΪЩͨԨ֮ȵߡǽ˲ƵĹ·֮˳ķǹȥ
Щ˰һ뻹ýղһЩ̬ҪȻҪٹһʱˡ
ߵЩǰʱЩֱֳ㵲·ѣ
һŵƷҩģһӣڼģλͨһ£
⼸۾һеĵҩ̲סһۣ¶ϲɫСӣ㻹湻ʶģ߰ɣ
˵ǻûյĺöҲ˳˼֡
ͷԨ֮ȡ
ȻԨ֮Ȳֻһżżһһġ룬ѹ˽֮󱻰ڿ㶼ʣˡôżҪͨҪٰ
ҲɢһſŵҩҺԼһҩʦҪȻô൤ҩˡ
ŵҩ·Ҳ쳣ĺƣûΪȻЩҩá
ǣþ㵽һؿڣ׳ҩ׼뿪ʱȴȡ񣬶Ȼ˼£漴ѱָ㣺ȵȣ
ס㣬ϸĶԱŻ㿴һۻ񣬷ֻϵԼ
üͷЩôԼĻ
ûǱҪסˣһ˵
һ仰۾˲뵽˱ѵ˺Ԩ֮ȵҲϵɡ
ûס˷ܵĺȻոռţԱ˵ʵռλҲߣҪֵı˻ϲǺô
һΧüͷ˵λѾѹ·Ѹˣ˾̫ʶȤ˰ɣ
ʶȤү˾ٶҲáҪʶȤ͸һˣȥǱˡЦ
ңüǡ
ǰȥԨˣܼģԹԵĸǻŰɣ˷Ըˣذס͵С
һǿֲģͱʱ档˵ȥԨˣĵҲ˼֡ڣЩҷҲκεң
Ը鷳ҲҪҡ㶢ŶԷ˵
ôĿû˸Ԩ֮˵ˣһǰݺݵһѣζʮ㡣
ǾһϣŴܡô֣˲䱻ıѿѪɢ䡣
һĻ˵ɴ۾һŵĿ㡣Ԩ֮ʲôط۾˶̫šȻֱɱˣѵ֪Ԩ֮վŵĴѵ֪Ԩ֮žͷ
Ҳ벻һҫǾȻҲбɱһ죬ʧƬ֮ϾͷӦŭĶ˵
Ԩ֮ȴδҰǽȴսǵȨˣ


996 ͷ
ŭ۶ǰˣԭ׼鷳ģɶԷȻӲҪ鷳Ҳǡ˵֮䣬ֱ趯ֲϯһǰĺɡ
һƬȻֱֱĶ㡣Ԩ֮Ȼδ˰ƹСǳıӵѵ֪ôĺ
ɱɱԨ֮ȵҲŭƬ˭ǲǹ˸Ҷǳ֡ʱǱŭŭŭ𣬸趯ֱȥֺ顣
ߣһֱ趯ӿۻ⣬ֱԷҪȥһؿڱ׵ĸᴩѪҺʶҲڵϣռѪζ
ŭһŵաӰĵɣѪһȻĿ㣬ʱ֪㵽жôǿһ鷳
߸ܵƣҲ治ѡѹ˸ҳֶԨ֮ԭӵǿƵǣǿƹǿơԨ֮ȴžͷ򣬸ɱǵˣӶԷΧɱ
Щ·Ҳû飬С趯Ȼϵ𵴶ȥ⼤䣬ЩˣЩ˸ûеֵ֮Ľᴩ
󣡡֮ɱͬոһкʮ㣬ͬʮ߶ʱɴ󣬴Ըֱ֯ӿֳɹɵۣ֮䣬޴Ŀֱֱ˹ȥ֮ضҪ롣
СҲκεңһʰǡ۶ŶԷ趯ᴩֲĵ۳սⱩ£ͬһѳʵľ޿ƥֻƣӭԷɵĿ
ڿϣ֮ƵĿ˲䱻̵ķ飬ӿ㳤ʮɽ⡣⻯Ĺ֮٣ֱԷҪȥ

żĽ⣬ɫ֣屬ˣҪܿһɱɱǴܱܿġȻ£ᴩǵĺؿڣǵʮ߱һжɱȻأѪҺӿȾء
һҲΪѱ𣿡㿴ҲûпЩ̤ѪĵǰȥֳֵŵѪҺ
͡
׼Ԩ֮ȵ̲סǲǿ׳̲סðź⣬һ̫̫ǿˡʮǿ߰ŵﶼһɴǶԷ˵ɱɱɾð⣡
С̫ˣԨ֮ɱôˣͨԨ֮ȣҪˡ
Ԩ֮ȴû˸ƣһ֮ء޼ɵɱԷˣԷҪɱˡ

˶Ŀ⼯еϣȴδ֪ƵģŲӲļǰСеĳһεѪҺմȾһ˿֮ɫ
ߵɱ¾Ԩ֮ȣ˲ӿǴûܹƣԶ˰ġǸѪɺӵĵʱһ̲סס
ɱ
ֱоԼŭӽŵȼնϣѪҺԺֳ㣬ŭ֮趯ȥ
ֻͼѡ㶢ȺǴżֲмЩ˱磬ϾﵽܡЩʵܶûУԼǿȣûдﵽܵߣǿ˵Լ
ʩչңΣٶȿ硣Ⱥмȥ֮һϼÿμ֮䣬ȻᴩһߡƬգӿѪҺأѪҺȾأɺѪҺ㵥ɱ¾£Щǰͺ̵߾Χ㲻ҳ֡
㿴ŲΡΡҶֵߣǰУÿǰһЩ˾˺һ
㶢Щߺ˳˲Ѽ߸նɱ
Χ߾壬鲻Խÿ·Ǹոÿ׼̤߳ʱŭԶҰҲԨ֮£֪
ŭ£ԶӰӰ֮䣬ߣѹ£ֲưΧ롣
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仰߰˸߱ףÿһǴߡһĴΪ׵Ǵﵽ˾𾳵СоȻֻԼ˭ͷ߲ɣ
ããȻӢۣҪףԨ֮ǾǹأɱǵˣҪ𡣡ԷĶ㣬
ɨ˶ԷһۣЩҷгǵľͷɡǻκβ˱𣿡
ôĿŭ𣬸Գĵۣ֮䣬ϵı۽һ𣬺أžֲ֮֮ϯɽ
ɣӿǿֲġҪǱ߿Ǵ涥嶼оͷۡʲôﵽʥӼЩ˺ĹһֱֱĺԷӿĵۡ
ֲûлΣڶԷ֯ĵϡԷǿΪ֮𺳵ĵۣоȻͬһ׵Ĵݻ١
飬ϯأһи飬ĳòˣϿȱĲžʯ䡣
ⲻܣ˿һƾͺǵĹһɫ壬ŵĿһĻ
ûʲôܵģЦһǴżֲм֮ɫ˵ǵľͷ߽ҪȻ˭Ҳκβҡ
˸治аһۣӰٴα֮ɴֱֱѹ£ǿֲģǺ۵޴ޣ޺֮䣬캳أϿеľʯӿ֮䣬շѹķ顣
ֱ趯һļɽӷĻŶŶ۵ϡ
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ĺУŶƳ׵İѹС
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Ѫɫǰֲ
ʥӼ
˾Ŀ㣬𺳲ѡȥʥӼôʰɡ
ѹָԨ֮ˣԭʥӼ
ʥӼΣԨ֮ȣ󲢲á

˾̾ȴһŶȻѹƣǵĵ˲䱻ѹķ顣˸ܵɣѪɳȥݺݵڵϡ
͡
һż־ηİ˸ԷëûմȻͱش
ָ㶯ӿֽ⡣ȻɱģҪЩ˸ˡĽ⻹δȥ͸ܵһɿֲ˺Ȼӿ֣ѹѹ£ɫ˱䣬¡
ʲôεǿߣߣ㲻һ˿Сӡ


997 ս֮
ѵ˸Ԩ֮ɱˣô꣬ڿԻˡֻϣ̫ѷһЦһӰĶ档
Ԩ֮͸ոձ˵Ĵ澳￴ˣһڵأغӭˣ
˲ûпЩһۣǰĿ⿴㣺ܺ棬һһڵʥӣ
㿴һǰĸ˧ӣ˵бҪһ֪ƯƯ𣿡
Ȥ˧Ӷ㣬û˸ͱ˵ǵһҲգһʥӣ֮·һжá͵Ĺ򡣡
˧˵˶٣˵ûɱʥӼðˣջ񡣡
˧ζÿһʥӼ򵥡˴һ壬뿴ʥӼʲô򵥵ģȻв޵ŵλʥӼλȻ֮ϡ
һ澳λȻΪ֮ϡܲ˵ģ
ɱң㿴ŶԷ˵Ԩ֮ǲֹһλͷذɡҪȻ˶η塣
˧Ӷ˵ȻֹǶԸ㱾һ͹ˣҪڱѡ㰲ȫ߳ԲΪ㡣
ЦҪ㣬ͰЩͬг±ҪȻҪߣκβ˱𣡡
ϲˣͱʱһǣȴϲǰš˧Ӷ˵ΪʥӼδԿջ㳢һڲͬ
˵֮䣬Էӿ֣ѹ¡񷶼Ϊ֮ʮֲֿ۾ʱչ¶š
һ棬ֶܼС˧ӹЦ
ʧġҲ뿴Һ͵۾ͷԶ㿴Ÿ˧ӣɫԷֲûʩչң뿪뿴Լʱս͵۾ԶͬҪԼִ֮ܲƿԷķ֮
һУҪ͵۾ս֪֮
һ壬ֲͬ캣ХϰѾķ飬֮ɹ쫷硣ֲƻʵһ㣬ΪΣİѸ˧ӵ⡣
˿ֲò¶֮ɫĿŻʵͬХһƣ޷һ۾ơ
ףȤ۾ǿҲ۾һû뵽ԷȻ˿ֲơȻȴԶԶǰĴ涥ˡ
˧ãԼŵλʥӼȲơ
ããȻñ࿴ϣսһǰһʥӼȤˡ˧ӹЦ˵֮䣬ȭͷ趯ӿֱһȭΪ񱩣Żص
ﵽ۾ʹֻһȭźɽ
һȭȴʮɵӿ֣ŵ۲ֱֱܵӭȥȭ趯ײһȭ֮䣬Ͽȶʯ£ԭϿȣݻһƬ
㱻ĺ²ȶ̤һĽӡ
ѹĵЩѪҲ͵۾ĲࡣȻ͵۾ǲɿԽĺ蹵ʹԼﵽʥӼϻǲ۾٣Է趯һȭȴҪʮɵֵ
ϣżĲడףԺ͵۾֣ǾͶԷ潻档
ȴ֪⵲µ۾һȴߵԲ۾۾ǺѾˣǾ趯һȭҲԲǴ澳ֵܵġǣ겻ֻǵסˣҲûܵ˺ֱ˼
ף˧ҲЩ棬һȻֻ߳ɵԭΪܴĶԷѪԷȴȻվǰ
ʥӼȻǿ˧Ӷ㣬Ӱٴ趯ȥһ̽ʩչ趯֮һӰӰſ񱩵ǵص㸲Ƕȥ
״ҲԷ潻棬ң£趯֮ܿԷһ˧趯֮ϣʯ쾪ռһݡżϿϣȻݻϿȣϿȡһЩ㲻ߣƬ۾ưԵڴ˿չ¶š
Ӱ趯ٶȴһӰӰԷķ飬Ҳ趯ʽżסԷһСԷǵصĹңκ似£Ȼûκε㡣
ģ˧ӴЦ۾ȴð⣬̫ˡȻĹ±ܿȻûгȫԭΪĹʰ澳κһˡ
˧ӴЦٴǿ˼֣趯ٶȸǿݣ۴֮鲼ܣ˷һȥÿξ֮䣬˺ѿռ䡣
һٿͬһֲˡ
侲趯Ӱʩչ£ܿԷһδεĹ
ãٽһԣ˧ӼȻܱܿ˿ֲĹЦ趯ǿֲͬһ㲻ϼ˷ΧȥҪС
㵱κεıս֮ŭ֮䣬𣬿ֲսⱩȫĵŲƥеơ
սķ顣սⱩ֣Ҳǡ
Ǿ
һͬʱſֲĽ⣬ս⽻һӭ˧ӱ

һƿԷͬٶߵĹӰ˶ԷİΧȦͬһ㣬˧Ӷȥޱȡ
Ĵɱø˧Ҳɫ˱䣬Ӱܿдż־֮ɫԤϣԭΪԼ۾ʵȫѹƶԷ򡣿û뵽Էз֮
趯Ŀֲս⣬˧΢΢üͷս⼫Ϊǿƣľĸо·˿̵ͬΪսһսƲ񷡣
ߣҲһ͵Ŀ㡣ͬ޷ţһ澳ȻԺ͵۾֣Ҳ·硣
һĿƵĿսȻ㣬ľս
㳤趯սͻ֮ӿڳ֮ϣ趯֮ԱֲսͻִƵһԸӵĵزԶ֮ǰ
㳤趯Էһ١
˧ɫ䣬ʱÿһٶа˳ɵǶԷȻҲܺ飬֪Էֲˡ
Ҫ㵽׶ǿ
˧ӱ֮䣬ϵļΪÿαڲ񷣬ܰպݣϿȱķ顣
һɹ𵴶ϯȥ
սʮ㣬ֵͬʱ趯裬ңϵ֮סԷһĽѸ˧ӵĹ档
սǼҵģǸͬըһ𣬲߶Ϻˣҿֻ̫࣬ǿųк͵۾һ㣬鲻
澳ս۾ˣǲģ


998 ʵ
սǼҵģƾִ֮Ŀס˵۾Χ
˽ֲֵÿα˺ͶԷĴڷĿϯ֮䣬ʯ쾪
ҵĴ򶷣ԶԶĿߣɫ𶯲һ澳Ȼս۾·硣
˧ͬвƽսʱѾ˲ٴˡκβ˶Է⣬ڶԷϾȻִִ֯ÿһֲֶ쳣ʩչĪȻ˿·硣
ǰս񣬰Ծһ㣬Էüͷ֪սȥսٻغ϶ֳܷʤ
ԷٶȺֲֿĴ֮ӿκβˡ
ģʥӼܺͱսֵزǣΪֹˡ˧Ӷ㣬ڴϯѹƲ񷡣
ϵ㣬侲ʩչ似Կ˧ӡ似ʩչޱȡս֮İ
ս֮սսħÿһʩչ£ӳսĻ֮ǳĿֲĻϢ
˿ԽսԽ£סҪ㵽ܵס۾ٻغϡսֵزѾ漣ˡʥӼҲԺ͵۾˽ɣ
սǼҺͿֲģ˧ÿ趯Ŀ˼κһι׾ٵĸˡ
ȷʵֲΣڲ÷ܺҽ֣Ƕ÷أ㻹ֵܵ𣿵۾ʹ澳𣬾ڷϣ޷Խĺ蹵۾ǿ߶㣬дЦ֮ɫЦ
һ仰ò˰ĿתƵϣԷ˵һֹصûӦķֵǾͱ밴Ĺ¡Էʩչ£²ֵܵˡ
սֵزѾ㹻԰ˡĸ澳˺͵۾֣
˧۶㣬һֱδõķԭΪ÷ʰԷˣȴû뵽ԷƵֵز
֮˳Ӧġ
˧ŭŭ֮Ťִ֮𵴣ܻ֮һжͬһ㣬еһжҪ˳ӦķС𶯣ֲоԼܵƣ֮޴ڣ͸Ҫ˺ѵķ顣
㵱κεҲɣҲ볢һ´ʱԵ۾ֶܼã֮䣬޾ĵ֮м֮趯߾ŵǬ뵽У˲仯һռһ㣬һɢҫ۹âֱֱĶŶԷķײ
ǿֲģصĹ򣬼ѳԽ
ĴҲ򵥣ֱͨ䷨ȥ߶ϯ񷡣ϯһж˺ѵķ顣
ǿֲģϿһжʵķ飬߼ʹԶԶߣҲУ˺ѳѪɢ䡣
۾εĽǿֲģһƲϵĴȥȻ޷ƿԷع֮ǶԷҲκβܴȻĵ档
ÿֲ˧ͬ壬ǳ֮ɫͨ澳ʵطܵסƬֲ̣
ҲͨΪ۾ŵλߡȴҲͨ
ҪܰСסȳ֮ͨǡ
˧˷ŲͨܵõСӵ֮ͨҲͻͽˡ
֮޵С
˧Ӻ֮䣬𵴲Ϣسһۣ۳ɷ֮ͬХ
֮һ࣬򼼣Ʒ򡣡
һһӰӰ֮е⡣ŵĵɴ˼ս⣬ս趯֮䣬ѵи似֮ӵ£һݣ֮ûһ֮ء
ǿֲģΪıͨܰʮɡ
ʵĺͶԷķײһ𣬵ͷ򶼲ϵһݣ֮򶼱ͨķ顣ͬģͨӰҲķ顣
͵۾ǿ߸˺һɫء
͡
ԶԶۿˣʱȴĿע⵽ϣ찡ȻͨӲ˶Էһ֮
ֲ̫ˣԴ澳ʵȫ潻۾˼
Ǵ澳ѵʥӼﶼ˿ֲս۾

˾ĿֱֱĶ㣬Ц֮ɫ鼤ޱȡǼ֤һ漣ǲܼ漣
˧ɫҲ˼֣Ҳ޷Լķ֮ȻͶԷƽ֡
ߣѹָţԭͨ˧Ӷ㣬дɫֱֱĶ˵۾ǵ۾۾Ŀֲģܵסһ򹥻ǣҪȫأ
˧˵֮䣬ޱֲֿ似ʩչʩչ֮䷨򲻶ϵıֲ֮۶ɣؼ仯֮
ķִУĳȥһƬ˲ͳΪƵģһжҪѭķ
˧Ӿս㲻£ȫ۾ȫɽ֮֮ͬХһһһɢȥ
˰Եķ֮ɫҲ˱䣬Ӱ趯似ϵʩչ
ڶԷûʩչ֮£ܵסԷĸִСڷ򱩶£ͨʽסԷķʹǾС
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ǵ۾ǿֲģ㱩ͨȻסһķֲ֮ѪѪҺ
ƣŭʩչ࣬ҪƿԸշ
ڷ֮ܺȴƿǿķһѪҺ˳
ƿ֮ͨҲСǷ򣬲ôƿġпҵͨпܡ˧۶㣬ɱ
ԷŭڵӿǱǣǵذС
ҲˣҪǶԷ÷Ļܿ۾ʩչ֮ܵԵѹơƿķ֮ôսǱذܵġ
Ҫս۾ǵ취ҵֹ֪ⷨ͵۾Ĳ࣬Ҳսȥ
㵱ΪƲ㷨𣿡ۿŶԷһٴδ˳ȥ
˿ųе㣬ΪֲĹ¼սôöȣͬҲɻ仰
ǾУȴ͵Ĵ𣺡ƣ
ĺ£߳һ߻ֲĻ򣬱֮˲ѶԷķķ飬ںķͬʱһҲ˶Էϡ
ԷҲû뵽ıʣ壬嵹ɳȥ˲Сơ
ʱȴЦӰ趯ٶȿ磬Ӱߣл´˷ͽˣʹ˸ǡԵټ
ڴЦУٶȿ˲ʧ˵Уµһ仰ȴµһ仰Ǵ˼ҵ𣿵ȻҲ淨αԷƿ
Զȥ꣬˧ҲɫѿӰ趯׷ȥһӰ㵱ܵ𣿡


999 
һս𶯵ģ˵߸е֪Ǽʶ˴澳ܽս۾ڵ۾ǿ߶÷£ԷӲһɿ漣ݣ
ҪǴﵽ۾ôǿͨĵ۾ǿ߻һ֮𣿡˾Ҫﵽ۾
Ԩ֮ȵĵ۾׷ȥЩҲһۡԸոնԷٶȣ׷

Ԩ֮ȶ߿ʼϿȵѰһߡв㾾ݵ˼ԶҪżܼԷټԷҲΪѸֻͣҪ˷ͶȻʩչһѷɱ
߸ϹʱûӰˡ
˶ףȴ޷κ㡣۾˭Ķ֣סϢʱ䣡
ⲢûԨ֮ȵĸλзѲԨ֮ô꣬û˸ơҪǲˣ߻ʲôţ
Ԩ֮ȳ׵ķñͨзѰ㡣
Ѱ˴£ǰһܵʱǻżټǵ֮Ǹͼټ
ܶ˿ʼǲǳϿȣ־òܡϿȳڴŲţк㽻ֵλ۾ǿҪڶԷƤ뿪ôõ
ǷϿȶûҵټͲòôˡ

Ԩͨ򶷣شݣӶתɵһʤءλܾͨˣСֲͨʹУʬҲǵʬֵۺԨͨĪĸԨһʺıء
ҵλͨϵıﲻ֪٣ҲɢԨԨǳΪأǰ㡣ȻʼԨڸִߵĽ£ԨĳΪһءｨĴԨֲٴ
ڣԨѾޱˣ֪ˡ
ڣ
ԨһһȻԨȻһҲǶһ𶯵ĿֲڡڵʵʥҪ۵Ԩһ档Ĥݣ
Ȼ֪Ϣǲģڵǿȴ˵
˿ڴһСҩУһϸϸķҩݡͲ󣬿ƽ档ҪԨ֮ȵ˼ĻѪ
˲ǱˣԨ֮ڷѰ㡣
㵱͵۾꣬ͷϿ⼤ߡȻѰκεԼЩˣһǱһɱĽŲ
ڳϿȵʱﾡŵ۾šɶԷҲܶʮСʱòʧʱңʩչ£뿪Ԩ֮ȡ
ңκֲһĴ澳ֲˡϿȣû˷֡
͵۾һսǳͬҲ֪ԼĲ㣡Ҫǲͨ޷ֵ۾ķԣһֱβƶԷ
ɣֻп֮ⷨа۾ʵ
ʱʵȻԼ൱ֲˣɴﵽʲôʲôΣηΪ˵ĵ۾ͷҲˣԺ϶رҪҶ˼ûк͵۾ֵʵԷԼ
ﶼֻҶ˼ˣҪûе۾ʵ˼ҶۿԼһۡ
رеֵ۾ʵ붥ֵĲΡԺԵ۾Ҳ޲ߡ
Բʲôɣ㶼Ҫ취ֵ֮㾡Ȳϵ۾ֻҪֵֶ֮ܵΣңκ޾似㲻ͨҲս۾
ֻصĹôõֵġ벻ЧֶΡ
Ҷʦܣ㶼ûУҪءǸϽ͹ȥһ𣬷һغӣӱ˼꣬Щƫ
ʵʦ֣Ѿˣȥ𣿡ŶԷѷõҩݶ
ӳԨ֮֮󣬾ͽڡôȻΪ˶Ԩ֮ȵ׷ɱΪ˴ڵõһЩϢϾԨСҪԼҵĻ֪ҵ²ҵҶ˼Ϣ
ΪԨһǵϢȻҪͨĶࡣһЩҶ˼ϢܱȵϹĺáҪǣҪлᣬҲԽڵ˰̽Ϣ
ڼڣ͸ˡĴţ϶Ҫղ˵ġǵĺģֱֱȴѡ
ҪһЩҩݵۣȻȻͱнˡ
лʵڵˡѾˣȻܳΪŵӣҲȴ㲻ΪʵΧԵ൱
ھͺͶԷһ𣬶ҲĶչˡ
ҩһ˵һҩңһߡߵʲô˲õһ޼ѡŵһҩ϶ѡ
ȻʲôΧǰȴĪƣʵ֮󣬾ͱϹϾʺţҩݶСķǰ
ԷȻ㲻ʲôЩǰȴڳһ߸ϴ̬ӻֶŶʵ˵´ôϾ
ǣǣʵϽ˵˳ȥ
ʧЦԼ۾Ҫ࿴ȴû뵽һ޺ȳ⡣ȻҲ˼ƽϡݵˣ㻹ۣƽϵĶûСֻúЦѣ
ʵ߳ҩң˵ԺҪСһЩλƢΪŹ֡Ҫ˳ľͺãҪŸɣҪȥŵӣū۶ѣȥҩҲû˻˵ʲô
˵⣬ʵ̲ס̾һ¶ɬھҪΪŵӣˣǳɲŵӡһҪɶˡ
رǿ㣬ʱͬһҲΪŵӶڵģ֪ôѡ
Ҷ㣡ҪΪŵӶѧϰĻȰ㻹ҪƽĶԴڵ˲֪١۵ӣ˶һŵӡʵ̾Ķ˵
ԶʵкøеģЦЦ˵ҲΪ˳Ϊŵѧϰ
ѧϰʵ㵵Ŀ㣬벻Ϊѧϰʲôѵ۲ɡ
㿴ʵ㵣һȡƷʵ˵żȻõļ似ѧĻΪŵûʲôѵġ
ʵӹеؼŹֵĿ㡣ǵĿתƵ⼸ؼʱɴ۾Ŀ㡣ǲ֮ɫָָ㣬ŵĴġ
㡭㡭
ЦЦ˵żȻõġϣʵʦܰһæҴ̽һϢΣ
ʵӵĿ㣬㲻򵥡ó似Ǽ򵥵ġʵʱҲЩ裬Ͼ˻ߣҪûһ㵣ĲŹ֡
ʵʦַģֻҪ̽һϢѡʵʦҪԸͰԸˡؼ㣡
ʵȻ˼ɣ뵽Լ˶ȲؼԷԼûʲôͼ뵽⣬ʵһ˵˵


1000 ƾʲôС
ʱһĹȥҲһܡʵ˲٣ҲҪ㶯ͬʱʵҲΪڴ̽Ϣ
ֻʵֻһ۵ӣ̽˲졣Ҳûд̽ʲô㶫ǲ˼
㣬㵹ǲ⡣жʵæҲǱһԵ̬ȣĽҲ֮С
㰲ο˶ʵ䣬⡣ͬʱҲżָһ¶ʵʵм츳ģָ¡ʵܿ죬ŵƷֱһǧ
ָʵУҲŸְ취βܽڵϢҶ˼Ϣҳ
ã㻹û뵽Եİ취
ڣҲ֮·ǳʵǵʥӼΡҲҪʱģ
ս֮ҲвûġĻ£㿪ʼĳԼѧоƷ֮
ʵֿٶ٣ͬʱ㲻ǼӵĿ
ڹȥ˰£ɻûκϢ˼ǲǸûںĵʱ򣬶ʵ˵Ҷ㣬ŵӵѡ֮գҪҪȥ
ţ㿴ʵЦѹЩôˣԭǳȥġҲգȻȥȥǡ
ʵһۣȻ֪㵽׶ǿҲŵûʲôȤҪǳŵӣиȨޣҲܽӴ߲ʱٰ̽ҪϢ
ЦЦ˵㾡Ϊǣ
ʵ̾һһ֪ܲܳΪŵأ
ʱʵϵƷӦǲġİɣʱһġЦ
ʵҲЦô˵ҲΪΪŵܰʲôæмʵѡŵӵĳ϶ŵˣʵͬѰһѵ㻹Щǰٲɣ
ʵŴ㳡ƽЩ۵Ӷܽġֻѡȡŵӵʱ򣬲˽㳡ʮִ󣬿ˡͶʵʱѾվȺˡ
ȺʵüͷҪǰȴ޷ǰ
״ŶʵЦЦ˵Ҵȥ
˵̤꣬ǰȥУͬͥʵԭΪ߻ײˣŴ͵ǣ̤ǰߣǰÿһ·ԭӵȺ߿˹ȥ
ʵ𺳣ǿһξ룬ϸ˾ȻĲǰȥ
Ҷ㣡㵽ʲô磿ʵܴ̲סʵ
㿴һ֮ûдﵽʵЦЦ˵ǿǿǣǿĴǷܰ㴵ɡ
ʵƲƲ죬ڴţԼȻֻһǾҲһǷܴɵġҪһǷܴԼöǿǺŵЩүһģһ
ڶʵŵЩүһ߲ʣүǷܰԼɡ
ʵţЦŶʵǰСûйעǰ£ǰѾûȺˡǼΪ
˭ŵӵ˭ǿġһ͵ֹסŲһǰŷǰ˶ǴŻͶʵЩγĶԱȣȻҪࡣ
ʵֻź˵Ҳûз֡˿̱˺ȳ⣬ɫ¶֮ɫϽһ㣬˻֮⣺С˱˼ģϣʦԭ¡
ȳʵ˿˻ص֮⣬ɿüͷ˵ͷŵ򣬲ܿԽ
ǣǣʵ
ȳʵʦɨһȺ漴һֵʦãߣЩŵӳǳϺʦʦѡȡŵӵĵطҪֿ
ӵĺ£һ㣬мɫŮӵߣָŻ߶˵ŵźöӣδ֮ĲҪߡ˴ŵӣҪоǾʵŻѡȡ
һ仰ò۵ֻ̾˳ȥóһȺŶӣȺŶӵȻǴﵽ֮ġͶʵ˵һλ
ʵ´࣬Ȼûɫ֮ɫȴЦݡöʵ㣬˵Ҷ㣬ҿλʦŵӣѾҪﵽˡƢҲʮֱ꣬ɫԿˡ
ŶſŶһ䣬û˶תܶǳүǣ˭κһ֪ʮǧվ˺ÿ
ջĹۣҪȻڳܿͷϴ̲סŭ
ʼ磬ȻͶԷƽϣĿתƿɫô񣬻浱Լôţɣ
ߣĿתƿһĿʮֲѺõĿ㣬ȴҲûٺƽϡ
ŵ֯˰δ֮棬ڳյþ֮Ŷӵʱǻ֮ڵĿյأҲʼһӶӵĳϺŵǰ
żһЩŵеʱŵӾһĽݡرЩŵӵŮǼ
ȻڣļǺǱĵģЩ̫ûƷλˡԼУȻǼС
в޵ʱ۵ͻȻĻ찡ʦ־ȻҲˣѵŵӵĲֲɣ
ʦ֣Ұ㣡
ʱ˾һ𵴶Ĥʹ
㲻ɿ̤ӣӳĲӢЩƫ󣬹΢ֵ볤ıԼԶˡֻԷô̲סߵĶʵ˵һ˭ţӡ
ʵʱҲһݣĿȵĶŶԷڵĺĵʦ֣ʦһ߽״档ԲʮͲ߽״棬ǰ;һеٮٮߣеӵżҪһܴﵽʦִʱĳɾֵͣˡ˵һ㣬ĿԴһǷǴɡ
ʵ˵꣬ɫɳȡ
㷭˷ۣ˵ʲôȴվڻһ˵ʱҲһݵĿĽ˿Ҫ¶һĺøУ඼Ͷͱ
ܲŮ˼Լģ̲סֹһһȺգûм档
ʵĻȴĶУߣ㲢Զۿ㣺˵ʲô
ģȻŻЦЦν˵ֻ˵Ļû˧֣ǻ
ޣԲ۾ҪôƯʲôҪҪʵӢܵ𣿺ߣʦȻûСӢǱǿһǧһ򱶡
û뵽Լô˵һŮ˵ӣ㷢ֲҲŭĿӣЦáرԷԼСɫҲǺ졣
ĸ׵ģСԣ֮ǰҲҪҰҪȻƾʲôңƾʲô


1001 Ū
ô㻹ɣһСС۵ӣҲҷ̰ʦ֣ජ㣬дżֱ֮ɫ
˼ʼҲû˵ʲôһԼûаȻŮȻǷաҲûкͶԷƽϡҲҪ֤Ťͷûпࡣ
ֻǼʣһҲԸһ۵ӼƽϡȻϲ㣬վûٺƽϣһ仰ŤͷҲ㣺Ҫʦ֣ﵽʦֵʵ˵ҿⱲӶûϣˡ
ʵ͵͵ĿһۣƵûĵҲһٺԣʱҪԿˡҺõǣ㻹֪ˣûмڳԡȻʵ֪ǸԸͶԷƽϡ
ʲôʲôֱӡ
վհȻѹѹ֣ʱܵʧһɶ¶΢Ц·˵λһȡŵ֡ʱȡŵǧˡܳΪŵӣڵԴҲǿ̵߽ǣִҲϣŬΪڵһԱ
ǣ󺰡
ͷǰѡȡŵӵĳ˵ʼѡȡɣҪʲôܳĵӣҡ
ǣٳϺŵӿʼɸѡ
ͶʵȻȻҲǰǹΪŵӵࡣ
ʵ๧һȻӿ̵ĵƷʩչһ۾Ϊ֮һ
ʲôҲЩ⣬һ۵ô˾ʽԤϡ
ӶʵʵͷشҲЩϲ⣬óԼ͡
ԳΪŵˡ˵꣬ͬʱԶʦ֣㿴ֵֵĳΪصŵӣ
ƮȻ£վôҲЩ糺죬ȴлʵԼкʦֿôĻᣡ
ʵٴʩչһ׵˵ͷ˵Ȼɬһ۵˵زҲˡֻЩͣ⵶ֲǿصŵӰɡ
Ļöʵϲ̲סڵߵлԭԼܲܳΪŵӣȴû뵽ܳΪصŵӡ
صŵʮֻȡһܵԴҲͨŵӵܳΪصĵӣǸлߵߵľ硣
öʵվһ֮ҲĿ㣺ողǿڳҪҪΪŵӣ
֪ԿνʼȻ
ãජ˵СҲΪ㣬ֵʽʩչɡֻҪҿۣҾΪŵӣһָ㡣
ʲô֡ſ˵ǰ򵥵ʽҲⲻˡ
仰ȴŭֻ࣬СӻڸģȻţԾȻʲô֡
౩ŭı飬֣趯ȻҪҾʩչи㿴
˵֮䣬ȭͷջ㻮ûһ˿ۼҲʮֻͬһнľڹһ˯
㶯µĻȭͷͬͨ˴Ƶģ޿㣡
࿴һĻüͷ壬¶һ˿ԭһŻΪмֱ£ڿһԴˡƨȭͷһӻԼһȻǵ֢
֣ͣ㡭㣬ȥȴֻüͷֱֱĿ㡣
ʦ֣㡭಻ԼʦΪʲôԼ
ûиֹͣͣ˵ôˣ
ʶˣȻóûʶˣٿҲá㵭Ȼ˵һ漴ЦҿԳΪŵӰɣ
㣬ҲżֹŹ֮ɫȭ£޿㡣ǵȭͷ趯ʱ򣬾ȻǣĻ𵴡֪ɻǶԷ⿴Ʋ۵ȭЧԭ׼ϸϸĲ̽ģǶԷȴͣˡ
仰ĻɸʤˡѵһǣԼ񣬿ҲܰɣԼǺŵĴʦ֣趯ȭǣԼ
Ϊ⣬ȷɲΪǰܳʦ֡ȻˣǾֻһͣһڹŪ顣ֻͣܽ㡣
ҲصΧӰɡ˵ȻŪ飬ʩչһ֣˵мġһŵӵλöѣǡ
ͬҲҳСǣַţӦǵõʲôַ趯ȭͷܸĴС
ʦ֣ʮֲ⣬Ϊʲôʦֻһ
˰֣ûиͣˣȥ˱ĵӰɣЩ㲻ùˡ
ô˵û˵ֻǰһ㣬һ˹ʺˡ
ͶʵõҲû뿪óλøĵˡ
뿪˰֣йһλʵﵽܵĳ˵ϣֵҵķš
λȻ֪ΪʲôˣȴòӦ
аҲѯһ˵ĵϸٴ˵

Ȼ֪ʱ˲ĵϸ֪Ҳ⡣Է˲ոռ뵽ڶѣѵܲĲɣ
ԼݣҲûڲأ뵽ʱ汻Է֣Ŀʾ˾ǣҲ˭
ʱˣֻٵ鷳һΪ˰Ϊ˿ܲܵõϢ
Ҫ߹ʺ˵õĻǾòòĻǵ취ڸ߲
Ҷ㣡ոʲôóƷӦʵܲΪʲôʽǲʦ־Ȼصŵӡʵɻʵ
ЦЦ˵Ҹ㣬ҸոմȭϣȻң趯𣿡
ˣͱţˡϲţԸҪĸˣʦҪǺƢ㶼ҪԴˡʵЩΣôôϲţ
νʼ磬Լ˵ʵǲšոȭȷʵ趯ǣֻЩʵ̫ͣоѡǹˣֻһʼҲûԸоҲǺǿҡ
ʵһ˵Ժſɱˡһú˵Ҳнĵӵһ졣
ʵҲ֪ǲʵֵģġ
ЦĶʵļ˵츳ҪԴ㣬ĻмϣġңǾˡ
ʵֻԼûģҲû˵ʲô뵽ԼܳΪصŵӣ̲ס˷ˣ벻ڿԸˡ
ʵļҲЦ⡣Լûмּʶող뾫ǲһ˷ܲֻһжǳɳģȽʶ˸ǿߣͻһжˡ


1002 ںĵ
ÿһﶼһţƿһԽƿصɽԽΪĵӣɽȻͿ塣
Ҳ֪ʲôͶʵŵɽ¡İöʵ˷쳣ģܳΪĵӵ˵ӣĸ֡
Ͷʵͬȴޱ顣Щϲǲֵֻо˼㲻ϲˡ
Ȼ²ĵģûʲô
Ҷ㣡ʩչһ¸ոҽ̵ʽһ޵Ӷ㺰㣬һֱûзһ˿ͬҲʧȥģҪֿûʲô״
ʵ㷢̲ס㡣Щ˶ʵ￪ÿ춼˽̵ǵ似ǳֻöʵεǣЩǿߵĽ̵һ㶼ģÿһ㣬Ҳ֪ʲô
ŶԲ𣬳ϣҸûѧᡣ޹ʼ磬ɲԸ⵱һˣȭ
ϸȳ㣬ɽȴһˡ˲ǱˣϤࡣ࿴ͶʵҲȣû뵽˾Ȼ˵Ǻ
࿴ų˵˪ʦ֪ͨʦ֣ӿͷ弯ϣ
˪µϽͷɫأǰȥ֪ͨҲһȺŽӿͷķȥ
˴˭ˣࡣ
Ц˴һԨһʥӣλʥҪڵʥһۣʦ˪Ӧˡ
ʥٵӱŭѣʥ۾͹۵ġֻͬ𺳵ǣԷľȻʥӼȻԨҲһȻȴûʥӼ
Ǵʦ㻹Ǵʦ֣ʥӼ
ܿ͸ϹɫЩÿʦûгأ
Ѿȥ֪ͨˣӦܺܿϹȥӿͷ壡˵
λʥӺʱܵӿͷ壡ʵ
ˣһʱܵӿͷ塣˵˪ʦѾǲڽӿͷ岼´ˡ
˵ͷҲϻӰٵŽӿͷϹȥ
ͳϵҲٵĸϹȥʵҲڶԷ첽ֻܶ㣬˿ȴӰ˲ʧԭءٶȿļû˿ֻԱߵĶʵŷ֡
ֻһӰʧ㣬ŵϴʹĲ˲۾дŲ֮ɫ˿ܣûӰӣġ
Ȼôǿѵ˵Ķģһܴңʵţ۾֮ɫ
㲻ܸͣٶȼ죬֮ǰϵ˽ӿͷ塣
֪ύ߲ĻᣬЩҲˡųȥЩͷ˪ǵĴʦֵλˡҪܵõ˵ͬܽڵѰҶ˼Ϣ
ʱǴʦֳأôʱύԷ
㵽˽ӿͷ岢ûӰǵһ֮ӰŽӿͷȥ
ڽӿͷ岼Ÿ飬ͻȻ֣ȻôǻȸʱҲûж룬㺰ߣȵȰдˡ
˵껰ʱһӰռÿһӰ˷һЩ˶ʵףÿһﵽʵʮ꣬ŵĺĵӡ
ڽӿͷĵӣһߣĽ֮ɫϡ
λʱͶʵ˶ߵɻҲôô졣
ֻиĶʵɫƽĿ㡣
˪ʦˣ͵ľǱĺĵӣʱվĿͶһһޱȡ
ԶƮһŮӣŮһףޱȣƮȻżֳͬ쵰һˡ
Ů˳֣еӶ¶ĽһĿⶼֱֱĿ˪а
˪ƮȻߣǰ˪ʦ㣡
˪˰ڰ˵ö񣬴Ҷ°ɡȵȻÿˡ
˻δ֮ϣһȺӳ֣ȺӲֻ࣬ÿһʵ
ʦˣλʦˡ˶ڣ˸ĿȱĶ⼸ƮȻ£ӡ
ЩΪ׵һƽӣӺ׺̤¶˪һȺ˵°ɡλʥӵǰɣһΣҪ֮ʥζ迴ġ
ʦַģάвٺĵӴ
ûôأҺڵĵϣġʦЦ
ڴʦֵĻ£öʵΪ˰ҲûоܾΪ˪һѾͲˡΪŮỹԣ˾Ͳˡ
˪ӹӣллл
˵ͷȻЦãо仰Ǻ˵һ£
ţ˪ɻ󣬲֪ҪԼ˵ʲôҲǵһμ˴󵨵ĵӣȻĿֱ
ʥӼﲻ򵥣ƽ𾳶ҲǶ֡ҪʱӦôΪģŵӣһս㿴ŮƯòһ䣬ʥӼｻֲ٣֪жôǿ
ҲĳǿĴʦҲʥӼҪսʥӼѡ
ߣĻ̲סȳ˪ʦ㻹һŵӣ֪ʲôʥӼ𣿺ߣҪװ滳ˣ֢
ĻʼҲ͡
㱻ȳĲ˵תͷ˪˵˪ʦ㣬˾ϲţ㲻ùдʦֺ㣬Ȼ԰ġ
˪˵ͷĿ⿴һۣҲûж˵ʲôֻǾЩͬ
˪ûвĽ飬ҲνʱԿǡԼҪǿŮ˳ĻῪѡ
㻹һɵģһ˵ڿʼұ죬ҪȻҪÿ
㿴һۣЦһ˵Ҫôÿ
һۣڴɼ¡
ڴɼ£ɲǳͷŶǽ֪ʦԼɼ»ɱˣЦ
㡭౩ŭҪ㡣ȴԼ̧ʹôҲ̧
ɫǺ죬˪һĻо棬Ƣ˶˵Ļһȹȥˡڶû֣ѵϲ겻ɣ
뵽⣬˪鲻Խٿһۣ漴˵ˣˣҪֻȥ֡
࣬˪ô˵Ϊ˪ոճס֡ݺݵĵһۣȴ޿κΡ
ȵʰ㡣һۡ
¶һаȴЦݣûаϡĿ⿴ԶԶѾ˸Ϲˡ
ȻʶҪǿˣԶǰʦڵˣڽ̸˿֪Ҫˡ


1003 
λþòһˬԶǣΪ֮Ϊ֮Ц
Ŀ͵Ŀգ֮ϣһ̤ʮޣŽۣϵһͷʥޣʮߣʮʵ߹󣬰гơ
ӡ⣬һۻһ̤£ÿһȻ߹һжҪƵģ
߸ϣ󡣴ʱȫڹʣʥӷ緶չ¶š
ʥӼǶû̬̬֡Ŀе̬˪Ǳĵӿûһ˿ȡ
ʥӣһ֮ӣһĻʥӾ̫ӣбЩͷλߡ
˪ʹʦְ»֮Ҳվ䵽ǰһˣӷɣϲɺذ
»ֺ˪ʦҲȻǶ԰»˵Ŀȴͣ˪ϣдżֳȣ˿û˪ϲ
»ۼվ˪ǰѽӵߵסŶԷ˵ѵһΣղ顣
ӱ»סߣüͷҲ壬˰֣Ű»˵ˣ˴Ŀġһǰĳŵʥһۡ
һ仰һƬţû뵽ôֱ⡣쳣Ľӣ˶оѹʥһ֮ӣһǿĴڡڶԷǰоԱʥһ˿赲ġͬףʥǲܽԷģҪȻǻ̧ͷ
»ɫҲÿԼһͽ峤һξۻϽֲʤȻԼӣ˭ĵʤһһ͸׳ƳʥԷۿ
ԭȴˡǿ»ǰҪۿʥΪľڵӡ
δ̫ļˣǻδֳʤͼҪʥ»Щơ
ӴЦ˵һκһܰңתͷߣһӭǰȥۿʥȻҪʤˣϣسŵ
˵⣬ӿŰ»˵ȻҲ۸ǣûʥӼҲһϣ
㡭仰ǺݺݵĳڵԷϱڶܱȵùһˡ
»ȻŭҲûг嶯֪ԼʵǶԷ֣ýӵʵܰԾܲϲԷ仰ȴĬ˵ȵһ֡
»֣ΣûܵסҵǿߣҪûеĻ·ɣǰȥʥӴЦȻûõóǿߣҲԵȥ룬˵ɽׯǹϵʥӴǳ֡
Ӽ̵Ļð»һŽ˵ø·ģȻȲǿҲ۸ġʥӣڵĵϣҲҪ¸߰ͷȰӻǲҪʥ⡣
Цۿʥֻһ˪Сס»֣֪һֱܱǸҲϲֻ±ˡĿ⿴˪дżְ˪ʦãҲûʲôϢȥٷΣңֻҪ˪ʦü޸ңĶԹҲܾʹ˷£ⲻһ׮𣿡
˪û뵽ӻһĿģյĶŽŭ룬С޸Ҳ޸㡣
˪ĻҲΪ⣬ЦЦ˵ȵӦġùۿʥĻỻȡȢ㣬Ŵﲻܾ
˪ɫ԰ס֪ʥʲôűڱСֻǹۿգڵҲʧԨȡڡ
֮£ֻҪԼ޸Էܱסڵд˵ܷ
뵽⣬˪ҧݣĶŽӣ¶⡣
Ӷ˪ĺⲻ⣬Ŀ⿴»Ц·ɡ
»ɫҲѿû뵽ӾȻһĿġ»϶ǲԸԼ˱ȼ޸ԷڽӵǰŽ˵Ҫ̽ӸС
˿һĻҲʥӵͷ̫࣬ǲΪ»սʤԷܣҲΪʦǿޱȣҪʲô˱ȣʥ֮µŴʦһʤͬ޵еʥӣǾûһ˿ˡ
ҧ촽˪ĵڵĻôܱǿժߡ
ӿŰ»ҡҡͷ㲻ҵĶ֣ҪҴ򣬶мʦֵܰɡ˵ڱǰ־һЩ
սô֪»趯ⳤǹǹŻ裬֮ϯӶȥ񱩶ֲǹޱȡɹˡ
»ǿֲģȻȲʥӼƽĴ涥ȴԶĶ֡
һǹޣᴩաȻϱ»ǿҲӶԷǿƵһһֱҫۣת֮䣬ֱɨԷĳǹȥ
ײһ𣬰»ײĵɫЩ԰ס
߼սɡȷʵһĵȴôǿ㶼ˣڻ˭ܵסңۿŰ»
˵֮䣬ӰһУ趯ͬƲϻȻûʲô֣ȴʮֲֿһ˺ա
»ǹһסȴĲϵĺˡɫ԰ף
ϰ»Ȳ϶Էڳֵϣ»Ȳ϶Էʽľϣ»ɱȲ϶Է
Ĵ򶷣»ֵܵס
㿴źͽӽֵİ»ҡҡͷӴʱˣҪȻˡ»˹Ӳ˲١˹ȻδʥӼɱϾֻһҪսʥӼֲܼá
»ȴ˲ܵסӡ
ҪʦֵϰɡҪȻһҪܡҡҡͷпϧʵĿۡҲ֪峤ͶԷĵġԷһˮ׼ԼһˣⲻǶԼ
»ҧٴ趯ǹһ趯ĿޱȣһӰϣֲĵ۳Żĳȣһֱֱĳȥ
һǿֲģƬնһ㣬ǹŹᴩһеƣ»ʵȻǰ»ĴС
ʦ䣡ܻһĴУٵ˷ܵĴĴгǵ
żĵӣȴֹ˼ͽѣ羫裬˷ʥĴˡҪȫ裬˵ܵסʥһ
˪ĶУ˷ܵʱŭŭȴʦƵˣƤˡ
˪ʱҲϲһŵʲôʸ۴ʦ֡ңʦʩչ˴лδþ裬ôǾ裿
߲˶ŭĿӣνʼ磬ǴżЦ⡣ʵ治˵Щ˶ݲ»ȵȾ֪˵ĻǼٵġ
ΪһܸΣȴӲܡֱֱ˳ȥֱֱӭԷǹ
ڵԭΪһýͷۣȴǵɴ۾һĻһš


1004 
ԭΪǴʦռϷ磬ʵȴǴʦֱɳȥһѪҺ³̤жÿ̤֮䣬̤ݡĵڵ֮󣬴ر̤Ľӡ
˲ŵĿһĻŴʱֶĽӣһͬһ㡣Ǻ󣬶ԷƾһͨͰһиˡǾη˵ĴʦִѪ
˪ȴ̲סһۣĺԤϵһ
˵㲻ҵĶ֣»ʦֵһϰɡӶŰ»˵
̫̲סĵӺһڰ»ߣŭŽӡ
ĺãһǽˣ鷳ӿһ˵ûһģƾǻһЩ
ۿŶԷ㹻ˣ㵱Լǵ۾ͷɡ
ҡҡͷ֪ߵغ񣡵֪ʥӼʲôͻڡ
»ͽӽ֣׶Էǿ֪ԼЩκβ˶Է̲סԳµļĵӺһ
һ仰ɫ˱䣬û뵽ʦֶԶԷô˼ɣڳһϵĺĵӻòҪкĵһϡ
˶ʧĿŽӣʥӼôֲǾηĴʦΣһڵĺĵӶԿһˣ
ʦǻǼȥڽӵܡ˪ԭҲҪڳеģȴ˪ʦãҿ᲻֡ѵҲҪϲɣʱռˣ߲Сɱҡ
ӵĹЦòٵɫ»סѪ˪ҡͷӿͷ壬չ˺õӡ
˪Ǻͣ½ŲĨһ糺죬˼֣ʮջ
㿴ųȥ˪кĵӶǰȥΧӣŵ˵ͷôɴ󣬻һЩ鷳ֻҪܽȴ
˪ÿͷ뵽ոۣ̲סתͷ˵ʲôͷ
ֻǾã˶ĵһΧܵסӲʱ䡣ûΣֱ˵
ڴʣŭȳ⣬ȴ˪˼ǣȫĵһϣҲκβ˶Էˣ
㷭˷˵㣬֪֪ʲôʥӼǴͬ޵еĴڣҪЩĵӶܴﵽ˾ĲΣʤĻᡣڣܵסԷһʱͲˡ
仰˵꣬ڵٴζŭĿӡΪڵӣ˵仰Լ糤ǵ־
˪ȴüͷĶ㡣ڶԷĶԼҲ⣬˪ŮƨɣҲһ۵ˣȻȲһȺˣҲһ䲻Ůˣѹֽӻῴ
˪Ųϲ֮ɫ漴˵㿴βܰ
˪Ȼʲôɼм۹⣬̲סʵ
ԼݵʦȻ㣬Ͻ˵ʦ㣬Ĺʲôźĵһ֣Էз֮ܣҲӲȥСӾһ񣬵ȥʰ
˪ڰߵסڣ˵βܣ
֮ǰ͸ˣǧ֮Դ澳ǿΪġסǲţʱĵӶ볡ˣĴ澳ǿߡԣǱذܡҪǴӦһ飬ܸһ취㿴˪ԼҪ
СӣסڣȻ˪ʦ˵
˪ֱӣǷϵСӡȻҪЮ˪ʦ㣬·ϡ
ǡ
˪ûڣȴһŭͿţ겻ˬˡҪ˪ǰҪһ㡣
ڶӶŭĿӣҲûпЩ㱾Ͳ⡣ľ磬Щ˾ͬӬһ㣬ҪľֱľǼǵʺ
ʲô˪Ҳ֣ôвܲ¡Ҳо˼أ²˵֢ô򵥣˵а취Ŷȹѹء
Ҫܼ򵥣ֻҪǰһæѡȻæвʲôλһҪ޸֮ġЦе˵
һ仰˪ҲǿеŭҵķһҪſ֮ܡ˵ǿҲҪܰܽӡҪȻҲ޸룬ǲܴﵽֳɾˡ
˪Ļʼ磬Լ˵˲Ҫ޸ˣ㻹ƨ
˵ɣҪʲô˪˵
ܼ򵥣ֻҪ֮һ˶ѡҪӦҾ͸ʲô취ƵС㿴˪˵˪ŵĵλֻҪӦǾܵ˰̽Ϣԣֱ԰ԼҪ˳
˪㣬һȻ漴˵ͷ˵ãֻҪа취˶ԷҴӦ㡣԰İ취˵˰ɡ
㿴˪һۣ漴ųеĴ򶷣㼱ʲôǶˣٸ㡣ǲǶԼʦֵҪʤˣǲǿˡ
˵꣬˪֮ǰӣ
˺޵ֱҧ޲ðʬ
λʦʤˣʰ㡣ݺݵĿ㡣
мҵĴ򶷡ڶĵӻԿӣ𾪵ǣںĵӴΧ¶·硣ܺͶԷ൱
òٵĶҪ޷󲻵۾ȴܵס˶ǿǺεȵʱǣŶʥӼһֱ۵˽⡣
ʥӼͬ޵ֲ̫ˡ
˪Ҳȭͷ𺳡һμʶʥӼҲһ֪ʥӼսҡֱǷ˵
ԤϵڶһΧӣҲκβˡǣȴҲκβ˽ӣʱһƽ֡
ս˺ܾãĲ񷶼ѣ֮ϵıÿһ˵顣һʥӼֲ
һҪʤٵϣźĵܰܶԷ
ʹ죡ǣеǼеһϣҲȱݣܵסҡκβҡǵĴ󡣡˵֮䡣гֽıŭһ֮
֣ͨơӺǼʶʲôʥӼɱﵡûͨκս
ͨǿֲģض˺ѵķ顣һ֮䣬ԭܺͽս൱ˣѪ˳ȥһɫ԰ףֵĿŽӡ
˪˼һĻҲȻվԲ۾Žӡ
ʩչͨƮաŰ»һ˵ԽԽˡҪǵλ۵̳ţͱԨˡ
ڵ࣬ȴûκ˵ķ
ӿ˪˵ҲҪ޸ˡ
˪ɫҰףҽĿ㣺㲻˵а취𣿰İ취ҡİ취ҪܰСþͷ֮µ˶ȥˡ
۾һ˪˵ס˵Ļ
˪˵İ취أ˵վ
㿴˪Цҵİ취ңǳս
һ仰һƬţһ͵Ŀ㣬Ŀⶼеϡ


1005 
˿ͬһ·һĪЦ˵ʲôȥսԼʲôˣͷ𣿾Ȼ˴ԲѡʦһȺ˶սʤ˵ˡ
˪Ҳһ㶣ԭΪ˵ʲôð취û뵽ǣȻ˵һ취˪ʧ֮ҲСӴһʼԭǵ֢
̲סһݺݵ˹ȥСͳĻ쵰
Ȼδﵽ𣬿һҲʮ־ˡôһƺܿʹǰͬԤϵһƺϡ
ȻܣСԭΪһܴѪǣȻ֣ҽһץֱӶҪŤˡ
оֱ۵ľۣɫ𺳵Ŀ㣺ϲи
һƴڶԷϣȴͬ򵽼Ӳޱȵĸ֮ʹޱȡ
ɨһ۵񾭲û´ϡ
ȻǴ˸ǿôǿһ𶼲ȻҶԼ֡ԼһʲôҲѹ
ûŭ࣬һȥĲӺÿ̤֮䣬̤Զľ롣߿棬˪ȴ۾һż־ȵĿ㡣
վڳУۿڶӣûˣҪû˵ĻڿҪسŵˡҪ˪޸ңҪͰʥóñӹۿ졣
ڽӴЦʱȴһվǰһ֮󣬸ǷĴЦڿˣȻǲһǰǲö𣿡
һ仰ڵ࣬޲óȥСҪʲôȥʦǶˣȥǸӳѡ
ȻʹҲ߷߲ƽŭ㣬ȴ޷ı㡣ȫҲ֮˪ֱֱĶ㣬ʲô
ʵȴѾˣ֪㲻򵥡Ҳû뵽ҳվڽӶ档
ӿ㵭Ȼע¶ֺɫҲգȻûвȫĵ
Žӵѹ㵱ûпתͷ˪˵ǵĳŵ
˪һ㶣ҧ촽ڴȴ־ò̫ʵϾǰһʥӼ
Ӳ֪˪ʲôŵɼ˶ڶŮ˵ҲŭѡֲϯһȥѹǴ澳¶Ҫշѹķˡ
ֱֱѹȥƾأ˶̿ȥˣѪⶼշѹĳ档
䡭
ͬԤϵľ𣬿Ŵ͵ǣΪᱻշѹķꡣʱȻһ˿仯ûУ;վɿֲƲܺһ֣ͬһɽһ㣬Űǡ
ôܣŴͣ㶵Ŀųе㣬üˡֱģ
ҲԼֱ۵ʹӣСŵļ֮ɫʹĲ˲۾ȷǰġ
Ҳû뵽һۣ漴˵ããû뵽ҲˣȻû뵽ҲһǿߡȻұĵһƸסǣӲţܵסȫơ
˵꣬ӵƾͲϵȥƿֲܰɽ𶼸ѹȵķ顣˷ѹȥ˿ĵսľ
ǣⲻƲûͬĸʲô˺վŲ䣬ĿƽĿŽӣɽӵɲϷڡ
ⲻܣڲٵӾڣǸ߽״ߣҲ޾尡ǣǰˡ
ʹҡͷݺݵҧһԼо˶Ҫѣˡ̫Ԥˣ۶ϵ꣬Ȼһֲǿߡ
Ѿϲ£ˣ¼ˡ֢ĺǿǣôܡ
˪Ҳ͵ĿǰӽƵ㣬͵ѵܵסӲɡʤӡǣʥӼﰡôʤ
˪ֱֱĶ㣬ȴһٶʱѾ¶Ĳˣ˪Ҫ㵽жôĲ򵥡
ҲԽԽ𺳣ǰκβˡȻʵﵽ˷Ƿĵزƣ»Ҳѵڳһ»ǿ
Ӳţû飺Ū飬Ȼ֪εסӵƣ㵱ܱ𣿡
ӺһȫٴγֲƳ֮䣬ն𵴵Ļζ֮ϵɢ֪ԷĿֲ
ϯȥɲŵǣδܶ˺ѹȵıߵѵƣϾͬëëһ
㵭ȻĿŽӣԼѾ۾˿ŵ¶Է
ű𺳵Ľӣ㿪ЦƳ˰ɡڸˣϣҲܵסơ
˵֮䣬ԭȻ޺ͻȻ͵һ䣬һɾ춯صսս㣬Ͱеһսһ㡣սƾܶء
ֲƴս֮ӵ˲䱻ķ飬ƻȥ
˿ͻȻս㣬һŴͣ඼ֹͣԺҲûһ˿˼룬ǵĿⶼеϣ˶ˡ
Ȼ͵ı壬Щû۶㣬˫ֽͣûгʱѾֱ۵ľˡ
ôܣ
ĵðĻа˪ǳƿһеĿֲƣֻо˿̾һսһ㣬ս޲ʤƣɨһСʹǽӵƣս£ġ
ӵƱһ˲ɢЩӦ޷Էα˿ֲƵġǰ龳ʧƿԷƣѹȵϡӱȵѹȵɫЩ԰ס
ⲻܣӾЩЪ˹ĺۿǰ㡣
ЦЦ˵ûʲôܵģ
˵֮䣬սٴαǣٴαѹȵĵ²ȶ֮䣬̤һĽӡ𹦷ֵֻѪ˶Щˡ
ӱƱЩǱںͽӴУͬըһը˶˶Ѿľˣֻܰ۾㡣
찡ȻһʥӼ
ʲôˣôǿ
ǽͣɫ԰׵¡޷Ҫкεʵܱơǿߣ֮ǰ䳰ȷ
ʲôﰡԼȻ䳰ȷҪǶһͷԼĲɣ
ֱоȫðź⣬žη̲סͬ˵Ļиոն㼥Ⱥ


1006 ҲʥӼ
Ŀ͵סӰĿ¶֮ɫ޷ԼȻԷƸĵ
ããû뵽ھȻСˡĶ㣬Ŀ̺Ź˼ɡӸոնԷ֪˺ǿ
ڵӼ¶ı飬ǻһۡոǵĴʦֽӶӵı飬ȴ벻ӡ
˪ֱֱĶ㣬ȭͷţڴڴͻȻӡ
ʵʱѾľˣ֮ǰӦûǿҲǿ̫ࡣڼٶ֮󣬲𺳵ˣҲܿȺĵӡǴʱƷơǿһκһˣƿɱʥӼ
һƬžУһӣ˵ӵ³ְɣս֮󣬱ҪȡҸеĽ
Ķ㣬ôȷܵסӣ㵱ǿ֣κε˱ӣ
ֻ·ߣһӣʵҲκ㣬ϾʥӼÿһ򵥡һսȴֻбذһ·ߡ㶢Ž˵
һƬȻ벻˵һ仰ȫǳӽӰһʥӣһĵӵǿߣ
һ֮ҲЦЦЦ㵱Լʲô۾ͷ𣿾Ȼң֪ʥӼʲôһ۾ȷܱܰӣ
ۿ㣬Ǳ֮ɫʥӼǺһĶڡÿһֲųͬ޵УȻʥӼҲǿҪʥӼֳʤǼѵġ
㿴Ž˵ûдﵽ۾ͷҲ⡣
ԲѡӶ㣬Ǵżֲмûдﵽ۾ȴܱΡԱӵʵʰҲ׾١Ʊȵ˺󼸲ʵ˵һеġ
ӾͿ㵽ûна屾ӵʵֲȭͷ֮ϣ޻Σֲһȭ˳ҪĲѡ
һȭӶȫ֪ǰʵǿ»𡣵ҪԷʵܲܺʥӿ⡣ܺʥӿ⣬ֻаһ·ߡԣӳ־ǿ񱩰Եŷâƣֱؿڶȥ
㲻ܣŽӹЦĺãñ㣬ġ
˵֮䣬磬ȭͷҲ޻εֱֱ˳ȥͶԷܺյȣȭͷȴ㲻ʲôˡ
»Ҳ໥صΧǶĿתƵϣһ۶˶ԷеĺȻ֮⣬»ѪʵǸŵĵӣΪʲô֮ǰûмڣʦֵĵλ̫ˡ
»ĻٵӳĬֻ͵Ŀ㣬һȳѪҺЦҷŵӣ˲ĵϸǸռڵۣΪϴδһȭҾ棬ŵӡϢȴ鲻ˣڿԷҲ϶ĿĵġֲߵﶼĿһ۵ġ
ٵӵ˵ͷɫҲԷȻͼͲ֪ǸǻˡȽӣǻϣʤġϾӲܶóѹǰûԼȫԳžͷ
˶ĿֱֱĿˣĵҲƽҲ֪ǲܵסʥӼǲʤֻܵסͺˡϾӵʵոֲ̹Ϣĸо
ͽӵȭͷ޻εײһȭͷ棬ʱľ֮ռͬ֩һϵıѿѷӵʱ򣬽ȴɫ䣬͵˺󣬽̤֮䣬ռ䱻̤ݡ
ҲʥӼӴŲŵ㣬ʮ𺳡ʥӼĺ塣ǿ߼Ѽÿһһ˽ܡǣȴˡ
ӲʥӼ۶ûУûöŵ̵£ôʥӼ
㲻ڵĵӣ˭˦ֱۣոպԻһȭֱЩʹԷǿԱǿϲ١֮䣬һ
˭ҪҪҪǴʱ뿪ܱס㲻ܵ㿴ŽЦ֪ոһýӳ˵ͽӽֺ󣬾֪ԼǿȶǿʥӼҪǿ֣ǿȣȴҪǿֲֹ
ǿֲģʥӼＸÿһļ£һֶѡȴ϶ǿԷôࡣ˵ȥ˺ȻȻҲֻǾǿ֪ǿôࡣ
ڵĵȴ͵۾֪ǿҲû뵽ǴﵽʥӼ
ʥӼǺֲӽӾͿĳڵһŵӣҲܴﵽȾ硣
ʱѾ̱ڵˣǾ塣ʥӼﰡôĸ߸ϡ˵Ǵʦ˼ǰҲĶѡƫƫԼϹ˹ۣ䳰ȷ
˪ҲԭأԼĻ˵ԼķҪп֮ܣܰܽӡԭǶķԼмɴ˿̣ʵȴݺݵĴˡ֮ǰ˵ͽһҪȢԭһжĻǰԼһۣƫƫԼΪ⡣
˪һࡣԷʥӼ˵ܰܽӣҲǿ֮ˡ
ʥӼǼģʵһȺѾԭˣǾô룬Ҳ뵽
»Ҳ̾ϢԷڹȻͼڲʥӼ֪һĻӡ
ʥӼͬʱڣǲġǺǣҲʥӼԷܲסûˡ

ʥӼܸûһ˿죬Ӷ㣬ԺѰԨܴﵽʥӼļ䣬ôҲѰԨʥӼﲢ࣬ÿһȴûһӰ졣
㲻Ԩˣӿ˵
ҡҡͷԨôصĴ֮࣬һ˽ܲʲô¡ԣԨˡ
˵˵ǲ¡
üͷ͵һеǲĻԨȷʵŲϹЩϹ嶼ǡ
ºαΪڳͷݣΪвֵá˵
ҡҡͷҲ޺Ϊе˼ֻҪڵһãԵðһѡ
ĻüͷҪǰʲô˵Ҳܰ㡣
ҡҡͷˣȻӦǣ˽ףװɣӵҪǸҼֱ棬뿪Σ
ڤ粻顣ʥӼҲʥӼҪսòô˵
֪ܲο˵ӵ²Ҷ֣Ͳǡ㲢ʲô⡣˵
һ仰ýӱŭһ̫ˣֻǺԼһʥӼȻܰŭ趯ӰҪʲôң


1007 ʥӼĲ
ҵҪΰңӱȫŽķâɫĹâޣצ˹ȥ֮չ¶ţռ˺ء
ʯɽ֮㿴צػĹӰֱ趯Ļ汩滯ӭȥȵϢͿ񱩵ľϵıձŤӿͷ御ܿտҲϯĹɹɾǽء
䡭䡭
زϵıѣ𵴣ֲ˶˵Ĵ˫ĿһĿֱֱĶˣͬٵӷĺ뿪ӿͷ塣Ǻ˴򶷻ᱬεҪһϣǱɡ
Ǹ߰ģһԸ£ͬ޵Сһ·֪ս˶ٳÿʤ޵еġĻԻ͸ġͬʱҲ죬ᵴޱȵǿ󣬸Ĺž춯֮
ֶͿֲģÿ趯˸о⣬»һףԷǽֵʱ˺ܴ
ǿֲģֲ˶ԵֵǣıȴǵԤϡ춯صûǱսȻһ񷶼ѡ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ顣죬ͬ貵Ĺâ·һһرѣڿնһжɣŤת֮
ӺǼҵģʥӼ»ظܵӿͷܻԵĳɽ屻ĳһѷ죬ܱ顣ڵĵӣҪŻס¶Ҫɱ

Ӻһĺ𵴵ɽҡΣľʯֲ
սѪڣǿԤϣԷȻûʵսʲôСʽԼԶ϶ԷŲڽ֮УȻԷѹơ
ǽӴûгֹΪʥӼûбѹƹǽʥӼҲ൱ѡǣǰȻ·磬Ȼԡŭˡ
ŭ𣬴ʩչӶȭţŲĽ⣬ͬһ㣬ѲãصڵѪҺڲϢ𵴶ܴشƣЯĵۣɨȥ
ĺãЦڱۣ۰նûֲ죬޵ս⣬
ҫ۹âò˱۾һɴ۾Ķ㣬һ𵴶񷶼˺ѵķ顣
䡭
棬ĵನ죬һжѡ
ӶôУǱ䶯ʽû˶仯һĽӰϺˣͺȻĿ㡣һУɱѹƣʹ
ˣдŲ֮ɫĿֱֱĶ㡣ʱѾ֣ҪǿʽͬҪǣԷʽ޾һжԼ֡ǲǱʩչʽŪЩǱ
ǿвòϣѾ
ʥӼﻹҪǿһôܣѵ𶯣Ǻܿҡҡͷ
ҾͲţôǿҫΪ𡣡ӴٴαصĵۣڹⱩֲ֮Ĳ˼顣
һǽӵĴУֲ쳣Ҫһʰ㡣
״ЦӰֱֱӭȥ˿ûη壬ûжôСϣʩչ֮䣬һ𵴶
ͽӽ֣ԼʵһʥӼѾĶˣ״ĵ̣һַ˵ĵزǿǽ޷ģ
ֻʥӼϾʥӼʹǿռϷ磬һʱ֮Ҳκεǡ
ٴνһɽӱֲĴУܱסȻ󷴻ѹƽӡ
Ǿ춯صĴԾֲ£»һͿĺˡ޷֮бӿ
ʥӼѹͬ޵У
˳Ĭ𺳵ľֹ
˪ͣԭΪԷǺͽ൱ѡǴӴʱԷռϷ硣Ҳ˵Ҫǿ
ıҪǿ˪ǾˣԼ˵ĻԷȻʵˡЦԼȻ
սʱ˶ѪڡͽӲϻ񷣬սҡΣӿͷܵ˻ԵĴ»˿ЦŵĽӿͷҪˡ
ֻ»ɻǣĴ򶷶ûžͷ𣿰»£⡣ʱžͷҲʱˡϾǴԼġһǰֵҪʣӦԣ
䡭
ٴһν棬һѪѪҺɽɢգһӰϵĵˡһӰȴĹâпȻ
˶Ŀע⵽УǶᵽɤӿڣѪɵǽʱһƬȻۿ㡣
ǿʥӶѪǿֵزˣ
ˣ˵ʥӵ۾޵ôᱻѪ

𺳣ֱֱĶ㡣
ʱҲŽ˵˵ذܾǱذܡΣҪսȥ𣿡
ֻıһѪѣ㵱Լʤ˲ɡֱֱĶ㣬ӻдûʩչս
ҡͷŽ˵˵ĴУͨѡ㵱Ϊͨκε˱ͨûӦúκβ𡣡
Ļýҧҧݣɫ˵֪㶨Ȼ֡Ҳ֪ǿΪʲô˿ֱֲҵ󡣿ɲʤӻ˶ʮ꣬δܹǰᣬҲᡣ
ûңε˵Եһ¶ɡ
ҲһӺһͻȻ屩ѪҺĹĶڵѪҺں䶯ҳӿŽضڶ
֮бӳǿʥӼֻǱȸĵ̣Ѫ֮ӵҪѪ֮ǲҲǿҡ
ӵĺ𶯣۲ȫѪ֮İ¡ӵƱϣ졣
ʩչѪ֮ñӿһˣսʤҡӶ㡣
㿴ŶԷƲֹ֣ɫҲ˼֣ԷĽһ˵Ż𣿱㲻Ѫ֮һʤ㡣
ֳֳڽӵĶ档ȻᶯѪ֮צǺ¶ģرǴʱžͷעߡ͸ʩչѪ֮ˡ
ôĿӶ㣬ûϵȰˣȻᶯˡ
˵꣬˹ȥ㲻Ѫ֮սѪ֮ʥӼĪɱУǿԼһﲻѪĸҲҪơ
˼ĲѪ֮Χȥһɻʤǹ̬


1008 ʥΪ
Ѫ֮Ͻ͵ıֱ֡ǵصɽһ㣬Ҫ顣
ҲܣֱӭȥҲʮɵĵزһȭӳ飬һȭͬһֱͽһһ
䡭
һصľžͬʱɽܴ򴩣죬ѡ
߽ԭΪԼһܴѪȴû뵽ֱϴĿֲ̤ͬԵ֮䣬ѪҲ˶
ⲻܣӵɴ۾Ŀ㣬дǾ塣ؿڷڵѪ
ԼѪ֮ʵ֡ԭΪ˶ԷȵĶԷʩչѪ֮ܺ档ǽôҲû뵽ԷûжѪ֮£˿
ŵģԭǿҲǿ˶١ʱ׶ԷжôȣʥӣҲǿģ
Ķ㣬кʮ㣬ҡ
ӲţڶѪ֮²źͶԷƽ¶Ĺâ趯У²ɵĳȥñӿ㵽Ŷ
˵Ѫ֮Ҳܰ㣬Ǿܰ㡣˵֮䣬ᴩ£ǿƾ׵ĳɱ޻εӭȥ
ԼһʥҪǿ֡ԷʩչѪ֮ҲѹסԼ
һĻȴò˶ס㶵Ŀ㡣ʥӼѾֲˣڶѪ֮£Ǿ͸ӿֲˡȴܽסжôֲѵĿɽӲɣ
һĿȵĶ㣬Ҫ漣ǲĳԽʥӼ̫ࡣ
䡭
һٴζһ˸Աɣһ飬˵ɳȥʮײסӰ
ʹ죡Ź񣡡㿴Ž˵ʥӼ
ӳĬʹҪľֱۣкȻδǸʥӼﵽֵزԼǶѪ֮ʵȻҲܺԼ潻档ѵǴ˵еġ
ֱֱĶ㣬һɹӿֱۣϢֱ۵ľۡĵײ׸ոնԷԼûжȫҪһʼԷͶʹѪˡ
һӶ㣬˵ȷʵǿĹ֣Ȼ㡣ǣڲѪ֮ҪҡȴҲ롣
ҡҡͷ㲢ʲô£ֻҪ㵽׶ǿҪǺʥӼܵסѡ
͡˵ôĿȻƾԼ뵲סʥӼԼ˲ɣ
ӺһȻ˹ȥʱͶԷ൱𺳣ȴ㡣Ľⲻϵı²ɵ֮۾Ѫӿȣǿƾ׵ɱ˳ȥܹᴩ¡
ʥǿֲģǵʽʩչĹҲҲСӣŶԷ趯һƻˡڳɹɵۣض죬ǿɨ
ս۾ͨ죬вϣϯÿһʯ쾪ޱȡڵ˿ĹѣϵӰսļޱȡ
ʹ죡ЦʥӼ治ͬ죬ϵϿսҲѪҺ
㣬ɫȴ䲻ÿһ·սȥûκε㣬ǶԷսϱĪ似ս·硣ҪԼܺȣˡ
ǼʹҲѪѪҺ
𶯵ģһʥӼʩչѪ֮¶ѪҺǿѾ޷ˡ
ŭˣһδйĴһȫĵ۳ѪҺҲȵ£֮֮ͨܣƣ
̲סͨˣһֲ֮䣬ҫ۳졣Ѫȣ¶Ắ⣬趯Ӱضǣͨ۶ɣͬǺӰĿֲȭͷб춼Ҫ򴩡
ǿֲģ˸оһжҪ򴩡
ɻԵ̫嫣ڵĵӶȻᵽɤӿڣǵ㲻ܵסľֲ̫֮ͨˣֱֵܵĹ¾ǵ۾ҪӰɡ
㿴ŶԷһҡҡͷ͵ǭ¿ĵز𣿼ȻˣǾսΪֹɡ
˵֮䣬һƴ˳ȥһƲ棬һƻⶼֱϡ
֮֮ǧͨ
㶯õ֪࣬ʩչŵǬռϷ磬ҲȫܶԷʱûкͶԷսȥ˼ˣȻñͨ
ͨϣûǸʥӱȵùӵбͨǿʥδʥӼʩչͨʥӼ棬ʱﵽʥӼͨǱǣʥӵ
룬ӿҫһ˳ȥɫ͵ľ䣬ҪܿͲᣬһƴͨϡͨײ硣
ǿֲģںԷ֮ͨ󣬴ನӡӰҪܿ๥վȫܿɨУȵϣֻоԼѪһѪҺ˳ȥ˵ɳȥ
ӵ£
ӴϽϣҪסӡǽϣֲҵͬѪҺش֮󣬽Ӳű¡
ӹɹѪҺ֮ɫ԰ףĲ£ǿվȣֻѿ㡣
ҲһƬţĿ⼯ͽϡ
һͬ޵еʥӼԷѪӶûߡǲ˼ģʥӼֲȻҲǿ֣֮Ǻѷֳʤǣһȴһ浹ѹƣڶԷʩչѪ֮ͬش
ӿ㣬üͷʱҲ㲻ʥӼǣҪô׳֣Ҳֻڹżпûм
㵽˭ӿѪǿ𼸷㡣һܳʥӼôȥһˡ
Ҷ㣡Լֱȥ
üͷ˼ԨûҶĴ塣û뵽
ӿ˿˪ǰ㣬תڵ˵ǺˣҵСˣȻǿߡ֮Թûôܽġ
˵仰Ҳڵӵı飬˵ǱӼһǿġҲǺ۸ģ¼ȻѡǣǾҪŭɽˮټϣջн֮緶
˵꣬˦ִһ뿪
㿴ŽӣϴżνԼԨֻΪҶ˼ܼܲ˵ڽӵв㵱û۾ҪʰԼѡ¶Էв
㿴뿪ĽӣĿת˪ˡĿɨǣ鲻Խ˺һɫҰף



1009 Ҷ˼Ϣ
Ϣ𣿡Ŷʵһս֮סˡɣһս˼𺳡κ˿ﶼ˪ûгǰ
ʵٴϢҡҡͷ˵ʦֺʹʦѾڴˡڻûеõɿϢ
ʵδǿֵزЩߣǳȻû̵ʲôÿοָһͻͽҪǣΪԵʡҲΪŵӣԴԴԴϵṩ̶ʱ䣬ȻʵʵķԾ
һжģʵһĹˡ
ûУ΢΢üͷ
˽֮ڶԴ͹мӡ˪ӦҲܿ찲ȥڲٵӿʼ̽ѰҪϢֻǣ⼸ȥˣûеõɿϢ
˱𼱣ԨϾСϢҲҪʱգԵȼǡʵ֪Ҫʲôˣɼô⣬ǰο
˵ͷ֪ҪôֶҲԼȥҾ͸ˡ
ҲգôҲˣҲں⼸졣̾һ
仰ʵϲ⡣Ͼڶĺô
£ȻָʵͶʵͻƵʱһŵӣʵﵽܽ㹧֮˵ˣ˪ʦ֪˼ǲ
ɻŮ˲Ǵһս֮Ͳ˼ԼôһԸˣѵϢˣ
뵽⣬۾͵һ˵ҡ
ӿ첽ȥͨʵզ಻ѡǰи߲ʣȴû뵽˿ȴܱūۡΪŵĴʦڶҪȹ˼ܼ˻ֵز޺˰ɡ
ڶʵĽУ˪˽˪۷۰ףظСҡҷ֮ҲŮ˵ķϣһˡֻǣ̫ˣ˪ȴûʲô޵ĸо
˪ǰĴһǼĿ峺ûо޵ĸоҲЩʧ䡣˿ɻᱻòȻȴԼġȻԼϲ۵ġ
ЦԼ˵ʲôʤĹӲܳԭ˼ҸԼ
˪пɬƽϢһߵǰʩ˵˪Ҷ㹫ӣΪ֮ǰҶ㹫ӵĳԲѷǸ
˰֣˪˵ûзϣǲϢˣ
Щ꣬˿ûĿи߸ϵķ緶ʱͬһżĺͯһ㡣
˪㲻ƽ֮ǰļҲһǵõһЩϢǲ֪ǲҪϢ
˵ϢܱûϢá
Ԩ֮һ̶ʥأҲһյҲһɾ֮ܽСΪ̶ƫǴǿҲдܾáһĵطڵõһЩϢ˪˵
ĿֱֱĿ˪˵һʦżȻõһΪ̶УԭҪ̶ĺæġȴ𾪵һĻ̶ȻһŮռˣȻֻǲۿһۣȴǸ˺ݵмơߵ࣬У徣Ůһ㡣
۾Ҷ˼ԵĳƺʶŮУҶ˼ΪߵġرǴҶ˼Ӻ׳ǳŵۼϢ֮󣬸Ϊ˼ޣǰҶ˼һʱܸоĵҶ˼ÿ춼б仯ʱŮҲ֡
㼸ѾȷŮӾҶ˼ҪȻôߵŮӡҪǣԨ̶ȻһʥأգҲ϶˻ȴռ졣ҪεȵʵҶ˼ı۾ֶˡռҲ֡
ûпŮʵ
˪˵ͷ˵ŲʵǷˣЩ˳֣ŰѲԨǿȥҲΪ⣬һλʦ֡ȻʦҲֻǿǸһۡ
˪Ļ˵ͷиϢ𣿡
˪ҡҡͷʦִľϢǰҲҼ̶һҪɻصţŴĵѰҪϢϢĵˡ˵Ҳ
һ˪˵ܷǰ̶·߻ң
˪˵ͷ˵Ȼ⣡ֻѾռ죬ǰȥ̶Ļǡ
˪ģЦЦ˵޷ֻȥһˣա
˪ŹֵĿһ㣬ļĹˣⲻ̫ܰɡʥӣ̫߹ˡˣ
˪Ҳûйʣ·߻漴ݸ˵СһЩ
˪ѣ˵ͷЦ˴ζлˣ㱾Ƿһ顣
˪ҡҡͷڰ˽ӣǰڴæ鲻ʲô
ҲͶԷףУתŵľͷˣ͸Ժסˣûʲô⣬վ͸ǡ
˪ɫ͵ͨȻ֪žͷ㡣ϾͻȻһǲģԭΪѾˣû뵽ԷǷˡ
ĸ֪δֲ̫˰ɣǵ۾ͷǼҲܱ֣
˪𺳵ͬʱɫǺͰ˵롭ڡֻǡ
˪Ҹɽͣȴҡҡͷϵ޷
˵꣬ӹֽڿն𣬿һ۶ʵһۣ˪˵ʵ츳ҪǸ㹻Դĵӵĵز
ʵ֮ǰδ˵˲ʵ֪һ仰֪Ժڵλܷ˵ܳΪĵӡ
ʵмѣĿӰʧʡ
˪ҲһƬӰ㣬ʧѣĲӰ紵ɢ֮Żع̾һһ۶ʵ˵ȥɡ

ʵ˶ı䣬Ϊ뿪Ҳָƽʱ㣬ȴһ·䣬·ߣ̶ķϹȥ
ٶȼ죬·Ҳûв۵鷳
Ԩи·ڵԨ̶ʥء
㼴ʹδ̶򣬾͸оɹɺӿ̶һϿУϿʮֶͣŸֵ۽֯һ߶գʹﵽ棬ҪնҪĪѹ
ԣҪ̶ϿȣǾ͵ҶͱȥյģһСľͷǡ
ѹ˵治ܽˣɾûдﵽ棬˭£ֹһﵽ־絹ǲ¡Ȼѹ󣬿żգǿͱڵġ
㿴ɹɰ̺ðϿȣץͱڣʼ·£ٶȲ죬ȴļΪһ뵽ܼҶ˼ľͲƽ


1010 ֳ
ϿȣϿһ޴̶̶ɹɰɫڣϿһɰɾһ㣬
ϿɾǱȵرԵߣиŵơ
ֻ⺮ǿȲͣ¾ԵߣҲдá
תһɹɺ塣ŵȻЩ⾫ĺ壬ҲС
Ϊұ䣬úܶࡣĹ𾪡ңֵĵ治һѣã»ҪԺ
㿴ǰ̶̶һССĵ졣Ӱ̶ˮĵ㶯㾡ֻǽżմմˮ棬ɸо̶ĺ⡣
㶯̶ϼ䡣̶Ȼŵ۽ѹաﵽֲΣҲȫѹơ
һ·䣬̶ܲСٶ£ܿ͵λá
̶ͬ˪˵ﱻռ죬̶ϵСҲû̡㵽̶ģǰһ޴ıƯˮϣӨ͸ۼ
㿴ŬƽϢͷסӰűȥеǲҶ˼ܿܽ
վסа׵ľ룬ʹһŭ𣬡ʥأ̤㣡
˵֮䣬һӰǰȻնУҲż־ȡ
˭̶Ѿ̤ˣ빫뿪˵
һûϲۼϢ΢΢üͷѵﲻҶ˼ڡ
ǰˡ˵
С㣿Ǻˣ㡣
㣡ǰֻҪͨһСҵġش
㣿ͻȻĿȻ㣬оĪѹ
оѹɫȴϲԷķӦԷʶԨʶģпܾҶ˼ߵˡ
뵽⣬ĲƽǰΪͨһ
´һ㣬漴ҡҡͷҼСڱչأˣذɣ
仰Ŀ͵վֲõԤУԤкԼҶ˼ʱһ
ﵽΣŵĵұ䣬ĸоż֮⡣ԣ͸ӵ
ǰαڲƭңǰΪת棬л֮˵
ҡҡͷСڱչأ빫ӻȥɡУ̶ǰԺǲҪ
˵Ļ̤ǰֱֱĶ˵ǰαˣȻʶң֪СԸҵġǰңʱκС㽻
㲻㵣ģȻܸСһذɣ̤㡣ɹʽĶ˵
ĻɫҲÿǰδ̫ˡȻˣֻӲˡ
֪ǶǿӲȥǲܵġҶ˼ǿģֻҪҶ˼Ҷ˼ԼĿľʹﵽģ
뵽⣬̤ǰһֱֱĿ˵ǰ·
ҡҡͷδ˸ӲĴӦ֪ӲԲܳɹֺαأȥɣ㽻֡
ˣȴϻֱӳݺݵһ˹ȥԵֲ𵴳޴졣
Ⱪ˾죬ҡҡͷûõģСģȻ㲻Լ뿪Ǿֻҳˡ
˵֮䣬һӶҪס
ŷ֮ƶɫ˱䣬ݺݵĺȥ
Ƿ֮Ƿ֮κβ˷֮㲻òʩչŵǬмң
ףм־ȵĿ㣬û뵽ԷȻƿȥԼֻ⶯÷֮ɱϾǷ򰡡
ҵСˣô춼Ҫ뿪˵֮꣬Ƕֱֱĺȥ
һεķ֮Ҫոǿ̫֪࣬ʱѾ㲻ǶԷĶ֣ڷ¶þŵǬҲƿ
ֶΣǲ˷ʱ䡣ֱӰ绯ͼ֮ٻ
Եķ֮˲ķıϣҲĵ֮Զ
绯һһ۾֣ﵽʥӼ绯Ҳǿ˲٣ǵ۾һΡȴҪǰĶࡣ
һĵ۾ǿߣ绯Ķ֡
㿴ű˵˵ǰˣ
˵꣬űȥ
վס󺰣ӰǰҪס㡣δס㣬绯һȭ˹һȭԵſ񱩶ֲķ򣬺ˡ
о绯ǿ뵽ݡֲ֣ϾΪһǿ߸Ҳ
һҡҡͷ̾һ͵һڣڱ˲һҲ㶣û뵽Ȼ˸Ӳ
֪֪ݣҲɱġ
ŵʱȴ˵㣡Ҫסϳ̶Ϳˡ
ɫһ㶣漴ŹֵĴһ㣬漴̾һȥɣﲻģ
ԼҲ̬ȣüͷеĲʢ
С֮Ȼߡ㿴˵ǰ·
㲻Ҫڤ粻飡˵Ҫˣֻܳˡ
Ҳ˵ǰȥ
Ǿ͹ֲˣŭһϯȥ
ûкͶԷ򶷵˼һƺݺݵĺ˳ȥ־ǵࡣһƺʱʵʩչͨ۾ҲСӡ
û뵽ôǿҲֲķ򣬻ֲһĵȥ
վǿֲģȻ𺳣Ҳƣ㱻ĵ
ɱ˵㲢ûͣ½Ųֱ趯绯Ȼ趯ӰҲ
۾绯ʩչֲɫͱ䡣ӰҲͬʱµķ֮һӿֳ˷һ
˵ǿֲģһȻԶԶһһĳ̶ȡ㱩ĵͶԷķһ𣬾챩绯۾ĵɳȥ
ֲľϯ̶̶ˮҲķʮ֮ߡ
һ£Ҳķ顣
𶯣ñмһӰӰɫϡ
ǿӰȴϲŶԷ֣
ǵԼֻʹǰȥԼǸˣҲ˵Ҷ˼档ǵС㣬Ҷ˼
߳˺תͷȥȻ㣬΢΢ʧ
֣ٴκһûйֵߡ
ֿ˷ܵ㣬ɫŸӡվǶһ㹫Ӱã
ûкףֱ˵ԼҪ󣺡֣ȥҶ˼ɣ


1011 粻
ԭΪԼˣֶȻӦġϾҶ˼ĹϵҶ˼ΪҲֵ˻ʹãһԼȥҶ˼ġ
ȴԶ˵Ԥϣ˷ֿ֮ܵԭϴŵЦҲȻĽӲϡ
ӣذɣﲻģ
ֵĻȻ󣬿ͬըҩһԺըŵĿ֡˵ôһ仰
ӣȥɣٴ˵
ֵĻֱֱĶŶԷвƽȻʶģ˵仰ȷԤУвõ鷢
һ˵ֲңҶ˼ڱչذɣ
С㲢ڱչأֿ˵ֻǲԸѡ
Ҳţۿ˵ֵôƭӦ֪ҺҶ˼Ĺϵܲҡ
ûʲôܷģֶ˵ɵȻذɣ֪ߵﲻסǰ͵ǰɡЩ飬վǽ֮ԽԽԶġ
ֵĻ۾Ȼ뿪һվǰһҪһҪҶ˼أ
ʥأ˵ͿġվǰһվǰһƱҪѹȥ
Ҫ֣°ɣ
ֵĻȻɻ󣬿ɻǲʵ˺ȴżŭ⡣
ּ£˵㹫ӣΪҲ󣬲Ҫ飡ݣӦúúõľӪңз󡣶š
ҡҡͷѾҲдˣ˵Ҷ˼һжҪҪǿҺҶ˼ֵķϣȥͨһҶ˼һΣ
粻Ӻαࡣ·СС·ִҪһ𣬶ǶǺ¡ֿ㵭˵ӣذɣ
ֵĵȥȻǼᶨģҶ˼
һ˵ҪһҪȥֻ᲻ɱң
ֿ˵Ⲣһ⣡ʵȫס㣬㶪̶ԲһҪɱ㣡
ֵ˼ǣɱˣ㿴˵
Сķϣǲɱ㣡ֿ˵ҲҪңӣҪǳȴ⡣
ֵһ𣿡̤ǰһдż֮ɫƺӿֲҪִҪңֻӲˡ
̾һҾֻܰ㶪ȥ
վǰ棬Ŀ⵭ȻĿ㣬ȫ
Ȼˣˣһָһ㣬绯ֲ־ͺݺݵĺ˹ȥ
̾һһֱ绯ȥ绯ǿֲģȴӿֲܺ͵۹ʵ۽һ绯ɳȥ
㿴绯׵ɣ֪жôǿɫأҲżֺȻ֮ɫ
ȥɣҪӳ֡
һҲ˵ָ㶯ֲϵıȫĹ䵽绯֮Сޱ۳֮䣬ܰضķ顣
ˣɻҪʲô
Ҳˣ֪лвǿߡɱȥȴҪҶ˼ȻոûоǾͶԼǿʽ
ǿһȻıͨ绯ʩչ࣬ǾǺ˵ġȻˣ绯ʩչҲֻܰȫ䵽绯С
Ȼ۾ȵȫ䵽绯У绯Ҳ
֮࣡
ŭ𣬶ʱӰӴ绯бӰ趯Ȼ֮嵴һʩչֲһΡ۶ɡҲ޾ȱ֮嵴
߽һ𣬿ֲ춯ء
ЧҲû뵽ģ绯ȫϣֻһһô򵥡ֻоԼͬˮһ㲻ϵıȥ
ֺ֮ɫҲŹֲѣرָɻ󲻽Ŀ㣺ôڵķ⣬Էߵľ硣
в⣬ǿ㱩֮ҲСӣӿ޾ķظǶȥ
㣡ﲻܺģȥɣ
ֵ󣬵Ϸ֮ضҪ䳬ƿƵġ
࣡ƣ
ŭһž֮һ־ƺȥһأȥ·ҪѱķƵġ
ֱ趯֮ľӭȥ
䡭
һ𶯶Ѳķ籩ɸߵˮ̶ҪƵġ

Ǿ˵ģһĻеӣҪǽһУʮ֮˾ܱɱǶ޷͵۾ܱ
Ŀ⿴֣֪жôֲҲЩġϾһֲ̫ˡ
ȿȡ
Уִ̤ųЩǱȴûյ˺ֻż𺳡
ֱֱĿǰǰѾû绯Ӱӣֳֻ㣬ʱѪҺɫ԰ף
ܲȻĻҽܱԽû´㱾ͨɡֿ˵
ʱҲƽֲ̫ˣȻ¡Ŀֲʹﵽ˵۾ĵΡǺε
û˵ּ˵û뵽겻һ꣬˿ܳɳֵزȻͨˡ
˵֮䣬ҲҪȥ
㻹Ҫ뿪
ܵܵĿռڿռ֮±ļӲޱȣ㶢˵ֲҪң㵱ҸϳȥĲɡԸֺճȥն
Ǿɱ㡣һһûܹвǣܵ仰
ЦЦȳ⣬ЦȴֹǺЦʶң֪һôˣǵʵӲʹ㵱Ҵ˿̾ͻ𣿡
ֳĬľ㣬Ȼ³ç塣֪Ҷ˼ʲôУҪȻҲߵҪƼ϶ٶҴʹ˿̾͸ǱΪСԵʣֲɱ⽫ûû˵ġ
һΣǶһΡһ˵
һû˵֪ҵˣӦҲ֪Ǻص۵ĵӣܱǶһΣܶڶΣһ죬ʦΪҳ֡ΪҺʦһǱһܵס𣿡
صۣһ仰ɫ˱䣬Ŀ֡Ϣǲ֪ȴ𺳡
һҡҡͷҲգȻִˣҾȥͨһС㣡
˵꣬̾һҡҡͷҲ֪ǲ˵ġ
粻


1012 ʶ
̶ˮϣֱֱĿǰıԽǵȴеֲõԤԽǿҡ
̶뵷Ө͸ӱ֮У߳һŮӣŮһȹ˳ȾŮһ㣬ӱ߳䣬ͬŮһͷں㷢䣬ɼˣӨ⻬ͬ֬һ㾧Ө𪣬ϣһ˫ڵ鶯ޱȡ
ȹ޳ÿһ缡һ㣬ѩ׵ĳȹű棬УȾһ˿ķϢʳ˼̻
ŮȫƺžӨɹһΪ޾㣬վǰﶼʧеһжʧȥĹʡ
ҪִңŮվǰڵ˵дԣǳ
һ仰ȴͬһ㣬ֻоԺ¡һ𶯣͵ĿǰŮǾ޵ģɴ˿ȴ̶ͬһ
ǰŮŮ˲ǱˣҶ˼ŷ仯ǵߵĿòȴûиı䡣ֻǣҶ˼˵һ䵭ȻĻ·ѯһİһ
Ҷ˼Ȼ浾ڱϣѩ׵һȺƮ裬޳˱ȹճߣ£޵£ɢһԲλĹʣĿ㣬ȴĻش
ֺվҶ˼󣬹ͷԲ϶Ҷ˼˵仰ûһ˿⡣
Ҷ˼㣡㿴ǰŮӣͣںһ
Ҷ˼ݺڱϣͬŮһ㣬߲ޱȣ覵ŷҷʱ֣ü𣺡ʶң
䡭Ҷ˼Ļٱ׻һɫ԰ף͵ĿҶ˼죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴǧﶼ˵
Ȼʶˣǹˣǡ
ֱֱĶҶ˼Ҷ˼ԲɷʣһƮ첻¡ȴûкһĴҡҷһֳǵı
һƽϢŲƽϢģҶ˼˵׳ǹųǣҶ˼㲻ȥ𣿡
֮磬ضĵطΪ֪Ҷ˼ɻĿǰ꣬кǾȡ֪֣֪ļ磬ѵǰĹ˲ɣΪʲôԼһӰ춼ûУ
Ҷ˼üͷ΢üȻֻһССĶȴַС
Ǵǵ۹۶أҶ˼Ҳ𣿡㿴Ҷ˼˵Ҷ˼Ҷҵ̻ᣬ㸸ĸµĶҶ˼ܿ𣿡
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷ˿飺뿪ʱˣҶ̻ҽָѹ㲻̻ᷢ󣬵ҲҸĸĲҵõĴȥ㣬Ϊ֪㣿ϽＫԶһҵԨ֮ǰй𣿡
ɫӵĿҶ˼ԭΪҶ˼ʧˡѯΣȻǼǵõġ̻ύѶȻǵЩ귢ʲô
ΪʲôƫƫͲǵˣѵҶ˼ɴ㶼ţҶ˼ʲôҶ˼顣
һҶ˼治ǵ𣿡
˭Ůͤͤһʹԡɢž˵ͷ绪
ɬĲƽ𶯲Ϣ֮йɹҲڡĽû뵽ġ
ûлشҶ˼ĿתƵϣ˵ܸܲһ𰸣Ҷ˼ΪʲôһУ
ֱĿֱֱĶţɫݵҡҡͷ˵δʶ̸ǡذɣСˣҪĴҲõˣҲԵˡ
ֱֱĶ֣дżɫظһ˵Ҷ˼Ϊʲôܰһжǣ
ҡҡͷٺͱˡ
վҲøһ𰸡ҪеͰɱˡ㶢˵㲻ɱԼΪԼʦҶ˼ǵԼ϶Ը⣬ּȻ֪ԼҶ˼ĹϵͲҳɱԼ
ּǿӲҲߵ˵ͷҪǳֶԸ㣬Ҫ㶪⡣
׼֣Ҷ˼˰֣˵ס֣
ǣС㣡ֱҶ˼ס˺󣬺ȻҶ˼֮žԵȨ
ʶңҶ˼˵
ҡҡͷ֮С㲢޽ȻС㵱׳ʱ򣬻֪ԭ뾪СģֻʶС㣬СʶԲͨСһ
ֵĽͣҶ˼˵ͷδȥ⣬Ҹ޽ǵȻʶ
뵽⣬Ҷ˼˵ܹʲôĿģǱʥز˴ţȻҺ͹ӲʶǾ빫뿪ɡ
仰𵴲ȣֱֱĶҶ˼仰ͬشһϴĴ壬㿴ž޵Ůˣɫ԰ס
Ҷ˼ˣиɻ󣬿һֵ֣ȻԭءԭĻҲʧһɶǲƭġУԼҪʶһӡûСԷĿˡ
Ҷ˼ת׼ٻر
Ҷ˼㣡ͻȻںһҶ˼˵㵱治ʶˣ
ʶңҲʶӡҶ˼Ȼǰɫ԰ף۾ͨ㣬ҲЩɻ󣬿Ӳװģ·ԼĪĹϵƵġ
Ҷ˼룬ҪԼ֪Լ飬Ҫƭˡ
˲ƽѪȵ𵴣۾ͨ죬¡
ֶֺΣȻ֪ʲô취ġǣȴǵˡ㶢˵ҧݣȻĺ⡣
ּ˵Ȼ˵֪ʲô˼ѾСˣذɡ
Ҷ˼ҲΪӦ뿪𣿡ͻȻһЦЦ԰׵Ȼһֲҵĸо·һ㡣һɿֲûһ˿
Ҷ˼üͷָһ㣬һɢӼȲұˣȻʺϴڱ
Ҷ˼ĻЦݸʤֲֻĸоҲŨȻ֪Ҷ˼ΪˡЩҶ˼һμ˵һˡҶ˼㵱˵ܽôʼҪǰġûϣڿҶ˼㵱Ԥ뵽һˡ
˵⣬˶٣Ҷ˼˵գҲһ仰Ҷ˼ǲǵңҽһħʶ
סڰɣֺȳС㡣
ɨһ۱ŭ֣˵ҪɱңھɱɱҶȻҲţҶ˼һֱǡ
Ҷ˼Ļ΢΢üͷԭҪĻӦûŭġΪʲô˵ûŭ⡣
ɫ԰ףѪȵ㣬Ҷ˼ҲŶü
ǣ˵֮һѪҺҲͿھӨ̶У·һ۵Ļ䣬ټ
鸴ӵĿһҶ˼ŬҪΪѪڵɻ̲סһѪҺ
֪Ҷ˼ҲԸʱ䣬˿ֻ֪Ҷ˼Ϊʲô



1013 ϯ
̶ĺɲϷڣ衣뵺⽥İıӰɣҶ˼ĿıӰ뿪ԽԽԶҶ˼ͻȻоľһ£ָо֡
һֱעҶ˼Ҷ˼ɫüҲ̲סСҶ˼Ŀеĵλʹǵڤڤ֮лǶио
ҡҡͷҲ֪С˵Ǻ»ǻ¡
ֻ֣𣿡Ҷ˼ͻȻתͷ֣żַ꣬ûеĸоһľ޺۵˿ȴľ
С㣡ֻ֪㡣ֹ˵һ˵ôȻ
Ҷ˼˵ͷĿ⿴̶̶³һѪҺһѪҺѪòɢʮִۡ
Ҷ˼ƮȻ£趯ͬ貨̶еѪҺԣûɢѪҺͻȻʼըѿѪҺ޵ĻһѪ֡
ɢѪֲÿھӨ͸̶ޱȣɢŴ۵Ѫ죬һ㣬ʮֶĿ
ЩһɢҶ˼̲ס˳£޾ɽӣ࣬УδȥҲδı䡣
һ仰ƳޱȣȻסҶ˼ܸоҵУֱֱĿЩ۵Ѫɫ֣ɢ
Ҷ˼;վԭأѪɫֲϵɢ˾Ĭޱϲ˺ط·һŮһ㣬ޱȡ
ֿվ̶ϵҶ˼ҲҴţǾվҶ˼ֻֿҶ˼вס̾룬СǻСģҪˡ
֣ȥɣУϿȲ´ɣ̶̤Ҷ˼˵ɾĬҲ²͸Ҷ˼ʲôҶ˼ô˵ǸϽͷ
Ҷ˼ıӰرֿһ̶ʧѪɫּ̲ס̾һĥ˵ĪУδزǺ¡

ʱҲϿȼϿȵ㡣̲סһѪҺ˳
Ҷ˼ǾҵģҶ˼ͻȻĴ˱һ۾һҪֲ񲨶𵴣ſֲĻ֮˵ǿֲģǰԵģʱ𵴣ڳش
Ҫǣ£ֲĻ֮ȻʤҾϢϢӦƵʱͳӿ
£ǱشƼأһѪҺ֮Ҳ˵ϡ
ԭȲ˺ֻҪĵϢһжѹ㵱ʱҶ˼ܵϵϢ˴ʱȵĴ֮ˣҲǿȣҪǱߣԪɱˡ
شϿȣ͵˵ϣ˹ȥ
ȥһɹɵʱܵĲľ˲ήеʧһɶϵӶֲ֮ήĸɸɾ
һЩޣƣҲڷ
ȥȻ֪Ĵ֮ڱ仯ִһԼģһӡġʱִȴɱ䡣

Ҷ㣡Сøģߵһ궪һƿС˵ҲǷʱ򣬷ԲʮڣûκεֲȫήˡԭǼʱΪҲˡȴ벻㻹Ϣ˹ʺˣȻȥ
˵һŻ꣬ϯأʮ⣬ͬΪͬԾε㣬Ҳһ·չˡ
ллС㣡˵ʱ򣬿һ۱ͷŵƿһЩҩȻǺ󣬿ܸоԷġ
Ҷ㣡﷢ʲôôһƬһеһжڷľŹҪΪģǾֲ̫ˡǳϿһۣ˵ӦòΪģʲôʲ˵ġϯؿ˵
ЦЦҲ֪ΪʲôˣֻżȻеģ˵ӹһ
ǹ˵ģϯغ˵һ˹ʺ˵ģ
û˵̫࣬ʱƻδȫáڵȴĵȻԼĴɱ䡣ܵɱĴҲЩ˼顣û뵽øˣȻı仯
ֻڵƲᣬҪȫָҪʱ䡣ⶼʲô⣡ɲͻǣҶ˼Ȼˡ
뵽⣬ʱЩȡһѹе
㲻Ҷ˼Ե޹п϶ʲôܡҶ˼ԺԼļ䣬˵ǾǵġȻʱˣԼ͵취
ҲûҶ˼ΣգǿֶĹԼǸ߸Ů̬Ҳͷ
ǵ֪Ҷ˼ΪʲôԼǵġһ
ʱ϶ֻ̽ȥ̺ˡϺҶ˼֪Ҷ˼һЩϸѯʺϣܵõһЩϢ
ֻҪ֪Ҷ˼Ϊʲôǵģ֢ܶҩҶ˼¼Լ
ôҲ취¼ңҲ뿪ҵߡ૵˵
Ҷ㣡Ҷ㣡ڸʲôʧˣϯѣǶʱʱͷǵĶ˶ӡǵСҲ֪ţԶйעҸ˵ҩ
ЦЦϯʵҪȥ
СӺС˵Դؼ塣ϯ˵ˣҶϢˣһ·ؼɡ֪һ壬Ԩϯҡ
Ԩϯңֹһ֪ԨΣҪǱȻ۲ѡΪԨϯԨСһȻƲ½Ӽ塣
ôǲ־Լʮֺˡϯ˵
ͷͬȻںȥʲôԨϯҡʱҲûĿĵأȥһϯҲν
ˣС㻹㣬ôˣҪǻصĻС˵ΪˡϯͻȻ˵
ϯĻ֪Сһҽʿ֪ԼƣԷҽβˡ뵽УŴĲͬҲϢԼ塣
룬ʵ˶ٽһɡȻܴﵽ۾ʵȴǼ֡
֮ǰԤϲģĴȻɱ䡣ҪǱ֪»𺳰ɡ
ˣѾõĲˡϯ˵
ϯؿ˿㣬ɫɲ԰ףɵĿ˵ã㻹ȥС˵ɣ
˵ͷŲŵȥԷȷʵҪȥлһ
ߵԱߣڶе˵Ҷ㣬лС֮
㻰£еĴ߳һ޵ŮӣŮʤѩͬ֬һƣһˡ˵ˣ
Ůȴʮգ֮䣬ʮֵ鶯Ȼһĸоָо㶣ΪһˣܸͬԼƽ޲ĸо


1014 ϯ
ϯʽȥֻѯһЩƣ֮޴֮﷢ʲô÷Բʮûһ˿
ȻڳƲ֪ϯʵ˵ͷҲûмʡһżȴ浾ȻһϢɢ·ߣһȫʧָоȻȲһˣȴʮơ
ϯʣȴ͸Ůˣֻ
ϯʴΪһ˸ϻعϯңϯڹĵλȻͣص岻˶
ϯʳǹֱ룬һֱֱŹĶȥ
ܿһ˾͵һͷͷŸִ֮͸ͷȻ󣬵еȴܸоĵֻҪŨ봫ļҲҪĶࡣ
һʤأϯʥأҲԿʥء
ϯָŷͷ˵֮һΧʥضմȾʥصһʤءֻĺܾסͷϡڱߵͷһֱСһס
ϯ˵ʱвԺ֮ɫǼ顣Ͼϯϵô࣬ܳΪϵȴֻСһ
Ҳۿһ浾޵ϯһۣܳΪһһȻ
ͱԼΨˣҲǸһڴһֱϯһĵҲ
ͷϯϯذ㰲źһסϯզ࣬С湻õġһҲܰڷͷܼ֮СҪЦƺˡͷһ죬ȵ졣
ϯǣ㲢ûб¶еĸˡڷͷľʯϣƾ淢
һӣϯֹһ뵽ʤأȻúⲻǴʲô
ϯҲ㣬ԼĵĿʼ
㿴ű۰ϯأֱ趯˼£ڼһ󣬾۳ŨϯصΧ
ϯֻоԼë׶ҪſƵģ·˶ˮнݡĸоϯϲѣͷôãû泩ĸо
Ȼϯز֪ڰΪԼһˣʵı仯
һͷ죬˷Ƿÿ쿴Żƻϼÿ쿴ƾ棬·ʧǵһ
ϯؼҲûа취СӰװ˷ĺõط
ʱ䣬ҲϢĲˡִ֮ͬɱҲѾȫɡҪ̽һִɱԼ뵽˼ҵʤأվǷͷ
ǲǺϯʵ˸뿪ʱ򣬷ͷͻȻʮӳ⡣
ϯʵº浾ϲֵĻͷ˶֪ڷͷ˵̫ͷΪķͷֵס˼춼֡
ɻ󣬿ϯؿ첽ֵǱܹȥҲŲһ߹ȥ
ߵڶţһǷͷϯߵġһΪ׵һߣһۣȻǷͷˡ
м䣬һ߱ˣŹɹɵѪҺӿȻ˲ơ
ϯ¹ӣδ̫ˡͷһλϺȳ⣬ŭźߴһȳ⡣
Բӣʱ˵ˣ߾ֺ֮һ˵ϯµǺЦ˿Ϊ⣬еһ˵һλϸȷ˽¡
ٴһ˵ĳϸǲҽһӿ˹ɹѪҺ
ҡҡͷⳤ˲ᣬҪǲҽƣˣҲº֢
뵽Щϯʵ˶Լչˣ̤ǰһ׼֡Ǹ֣ȴƮһΣ趯ȹȻ£ƮȻɣۼ
Ůӵĳ֣ӶĽĿʹϯж¶˼ֳԡ
ֵϯʲûпˣֱֱߵ˵ĳǰϸͬһָͷָ㶯ʱŹɹ¹ӿֳ¹׽񣬽ྻ쳣ָ㶯£ϵû뵽˵ڣһɹû֮󣬳ϵҲĻָ
ԭ˵ܿɫ
ϯʵ¹ɲϵ¹ͬ㣬ʮעĿ
˺⣬̫յʱϯʾȻʩչ¹⣬͡Ҫ˵ϯĹҲˣϯûĹ
ϯڵ˶ɻĿһϯʣɻѡ
رϯ£ϯɫŲƽϯȻӵȻ浾ԶԶȲڡʱϯվǰȻǿµİûеġ
ϯ²òϣϯʴʱöġ
ΨЩ𶯣ٻ㡣ٻڻĿռ䣬¹֣֪ǣȥˡôһֱûϢ
ֻǵõӡŮ˵һ仰˵ԨԴ԰ٻһѡȻ˵ٻϵġʺ͹ٻƵŮˣ᲻ٻй
룬ʧЦ֮Ҳ֡
뵽⣬ҲȻĿϯʡ
ϯΪ֮󣬰ѳϽˣϯ˵ȥɣҲϲﱻš
ŶãϯƵ˵һ䣬Ǹո˵꣬ϾͷӦɫǺ졣Ҳû뵽ԼϯǰôԷȻ˵һ仰ʹӦ
ҲϯһۣŮ浾Ȼ˵֮ҲľˮȻöԷĴӦ
ϯҪǰѷͷóȻ뿪ϯ¿ϯ˵֪ϯΣ
ϯҡҡͷҲϯ£Ŀ⿴˵ԪذɡͷһֱһӵУԪϺα᣿
ϯʵĻԪЦϯֶŮԾʹˣ˵߾֮ռһԴȴûԵʵ˭ԣϯֶŮóɣȻϯֶŮҪǲԸߣҵһ취ϯֶŮ
ϯʲ˵ȴŶԷڡ
ԪЦܼ򵥣ǾϯֶŮϯϳһȻȻ÷ֿˣͷҲס
ԪϵĻϯޱϲԪϵ˵ԪذɡʶܴӦͷҲûóĿܡ
Ԫϯô˵ЦͲϯֶŮ˵㣡ĹأҪӵΪķͷǾҪó൱ʵҪϯֶŮصסͷǾ뿪ҲšҪǲסֻίϯֶŮˡ
ϯʿԪ˵ԪҪαȣ
ڲ÷ͷ̵£ܵҡǾʸҪǵסǾ뿪߼޸ϯΣ߿ϯ˵
һ仰ʱѷͷ˸ŭŭŶԷ˵Ԫϣδ̫̫֪˲ڣʹϷͷڵʱôͲ
߶ԶԷĺȳ⵱ûĿֱֱĿϯʣȴϯʵĻش
壬ԪҪǲ뿪ʶֻܶ÷ͷˡϯȻǣ˵


1015 
˭ɻϯأδ̫ˣֱӴѵвܡ
ϯؿЦһ߽͵ϯǿһƫҲ֪ʲôʺˣһʱ򣬵õϹʱڵһŴСһʵǣһԪϣǵõԷȫдﵽ˵۾һٳΪǰéĴ
ΪȻģǰĿתƵϣΪϯҳò˥һء߾֮Ǿҵ˽ڣǵķͷռΪСǾڵһĻ
Ƿͷûе۾򣿡ɻϯ˵
ϯһ壬ȻԶԶȲĴ塣ɱѪĹȴǿĶ࣬ҪȻҲܳΪԨһԡǼȻһ壬Ҫ˵û۾ǲܵġ
е϶Ҳӵе۾ģҪȻƾʲôôһֱе
Ȼоͷ򣬿ǰ뿪ͷͻƣδܶ˶Ѿ䣬ǲŸҴͷ⡣
ϯصĽͣŻȻ˵ͷ
ˣһζԷûˣҪָˡ˲ڣ˭ܵסǰϯؿЦѣɫ
߿ϯʣϯҪ÷ͷĵ̣Ц˵ϯֶŮɲҪɵԸеġҪԸԼˣ˵ʥصĴ¶ҪϳͷϯֶŮ޸ϯҲίΪβͬ⣿
仰ϯһ̲סһϯʵм֣ΪȴܻԼСһҲȾָģ
Ҫ˵ˣͷǾƲóġϯʾŭ⣬ȴɵȻ촽³˼ᶨĻ
ȻǾ͵ˡҲ˵־ϯץ˹ȥµĹأͲʥزȰϯȥ˵ͷζҪġ
ֻҪռͷǵݵλᱩǣϾܴƫΪ
ס֣ץǵС㣬һŭȻ֣۱ߵ˹ȥ
߼Է˹Ц֮ɫǴżֲм֮ҲҺԡ
ϱǿֲģϯص˿ֲ£Ϊ񷣬ֱֱĺߣʮ־ˡ
߿ŶԷɫ˿Ϊֱ̽ͶԷȵһⱬֲĳϣ͵ĵɳȥ
͡
һѪҺ³ҷɳȥܵش
˴͵Ŀߣ¶Ȼ֮ɫǾ塣ǵλʵǴﵽ𾳣ֲÿһ˶ηΪˣоȻССһжסδֲ̫ˣ
ðź⣬ɫ԰סѵһϳȥ
Է֮ǿ˶ȥҲסǡ
ϯҲҧűݣΪˣ¶ơԭһֱȻʱɫÿ
ϯʵ񣬳ϵûпϯֶŮΣҪҶְɣ˺
ԪϼȻִƣǲʶֻƴһսˡϯʶߡ
ҡҡͷ㲻ҵĶ֣α
үүͷҹҾҪүүҪȻԽվʶҲҪס㡣ϯʿ˵
ҡҡͷ̫ˣסҵġ
˾ͿԣܲܣӦġϯʶ˵
ϯվǰһߡ
С㣡ϯһ˼״һɫ䣬Ҫסϯʣȴϯʰ־ܾ
ǶĶ֣ɡ
С㣡Ҫ嶯˻˵ϯص˴󺰵
ϯҡҡͷûкˣվǰһ
˿ϯˣҧϯʵǰ棺С㣡ɣ𾳶ûдﵽĶ֡
˺󣡡ϯҡҡͷǶԷĶ֣ԼͬǶԷĶ֣֡Լ֣ɱԼشԼԼ˳֣»º֡
ֻҪɱԼԼס
С㣡˿޺Ըϯʳ֡
ϯʰ˰֣ǿ޺վǰ
㿴һĻҡҡͷһ߳ȥʱִɱ䣬ÿϯʶԼҲ෬չˣܲܿŶԷΣ֮С
ɣ𣬵ȴÿһ˵ĶĤȻתͷ㣬ȴһİӡȥϯһСȺˣûмʶġ
ϯؼֱֱߣһ㶸Ͻס˵Ҷ㣡ָʲôҶ磬ѵ͵۾ֲɡ֪֪۾ʲôˣ϶֪Щ˵Ǵ˵е
ЦЦϯص֣ǰߡ
ϯؼȻѣżҪȥס㣬ȴȻֻƽÿ̤Զľ룬͸ϡ
ˣϯصɴ۾Ŀ㡣
ߵϯʵǰϯ˵ɣ˲սȴǲһЩ
ϯʿµ꣬΢΢üͷҲŻ֮ɫһ۾֪𣿡
Ц˵֪ӵз

һƬȻ͵İĿ⿴㡣Сδ̫Ŀˣʲôǡӵзߡ֪ʲôһع򰡡
һм̤̤ģÿһߡ
ϯҲЦһðͷ֪࣬ҳΪԼŮǰһȵ۶ֽź󣬿û
ϯʿã֮ҡҡͷȥɡ
ʼ磬֪ԷԼս۾Ҳ˵ʲôֱߵߵǰĿ⿴˵۸һŮˣر޵Ů˿ɲʲôϰߡŮ㶼ˣҲЩ
֮ϼһ˵ҪΪԼӢ۾ܶ˾ǿԼķȻ֮ء
ЦЦ˵лǰѡо仰Ҳ˵Ҫòȡˣǰô֪ҲӢ۾
˼һȻĿߣҺͶԷԣһϯظ̱ڵϣɫ԰סȻʱʱӣĵȴ㵱ѵģԸзϵ
ôĿ߹ЦҲգȻˣϷһ̡
˵֮䣬ߵѹȥƾ˲ϵıշѹȥ
룬˿;Ŀ˵ȥɣɽ˼סôиˣͲҪһŮˡǰҪҪɽ壬ɽ壬ȥᡣ
ҾͿһˡҪסͱסǽվҪһ߿˵
ҡҡͷ̾Ϣһ˵һӲġ
Էɲϵӿ˶ľرϯؽսȭͷЩ̵ıͷ£շѹ⽴
ΨϯɫɻĿ㣬дž֮ɫ
ϷģϷһƣԺ㡣ߺһ磬𵴶ֲһɨ㡣
˿һĻԶɴ۾дŲ̺;֮ɫѪģģ


1016 ֮
磬ػշѹȥ˶ѾͷҿĽ֡
ȴɫȻŶԷֶûΪƶʲôӴƺʵĸȥ˸оǣƵ˾ִƾȻܴھֳһɹͬˮϵķվ˿
ף۾һۿ㣬ӶԷп˾֮ɫȻܵסһ۾ƣ
̱ڵϵϯظǵԲ˫ۣʹ˲ŶԷȵھֵĵطŴͣǾɫ
Ҳû뵽ԼƾȻԷ⣬Ҳ𺳡ԭΪɱȴû뵽һصĸ֡
Сӣѹָҳͷˣԭмֱ¡˵䣬ƱǵĸӵĿֲֻԷǵѾܱƽ㣬㸺ֶ˿;վǣɶԷƱ
һĻɫԽԽأ˵ˣδǵ۾Ҳɡѵ˵СӳԽ˵۾
㣬һŵģɲϵıҪƿķ
ûõģʹٷһҲκβҡ㿴˵˵֮߱Ƽˣ߾ͬһȦƵģƵߣȥ
㿴е𺳣ҲЩȡ֪ս֮ɱ֮ǿҲû뵽ǿֵزܵסԷƣȫǽԼս⡣
սɱ֮ƿһеİԵżµǿƣ֮ϣķ
ս˵һƲɵĻ˿սȴһµľâַֻâѾˣ㼸֮⣬ҲûɢȥԱ˿ʲôû
˵ޱȵģʲôûܵסƣҪεȿֲ
Ҳ͵Ŀ㣬ɫأƱ¡
ơ
һƳֲ𵴶˲ߵײһ𣬰ƶķ飬ƱƣҲȻ˺
նĿֱߡϯ˿һĻȴŴ۾ʧĿն㣬Щ͡ǵǿֲģ
߶յ㣬ԭŵͻȻһǿԭơδ۾ĲΣȻҲϷ򣡡
ֺ󣬾ܸоϢϢûһ˿ķ֮ȻԷûдﵽ۾Ȼ֪ԷΪʲôܵסƣֻط
㿴Ŷ¶мЦ˵㲻۾ѵΪҵס㲻ɣ
Ϸû˵ս۾߶㣬¶ֲмһȴû뵽ҲˡȻҾ뿪
˵꣬߻Ϊȭһȭ磬ֱȥ쵽˼£һȭ˲͵ǰ
˶ɴ۾㣬ϯҲսȭͷֱֱĶǰɵȻ㡣ӼΪʱͷЩͬΪİ¹ڣ㲢û̫İûеġ
Ҳԭһ·ϯʶŲٹעȷʵͬһ·ֻᷢĺ붼Ƶġ϶ԷֽҶ㣬һЩ飬ͰС
Ҳû뵽ԷȻصһ֣Ե۾Ĺɫֻǲ֪Էжǿܲܵµ۾
ϯʺܿҡҡͷǿҪֵ۾Ҳѡ۾ķֱֲ֮֮۾ĻƲǶֵġ
ߵȭͷ£ȭͷһӣĺͶԷȭһ㱬ʮͶԷ˶ĵ
߾ûжȫǺ㽻սƽ֣Ҳ¶־Ͳ֮ɫ㱩ԤϣоסʥصʥӶҪǿ
ʥӼߵ۶㣬дż𺳡
ЦЦ˵ǰɷһӣʹ뿪
ֱֱĶ㣬дżһʥӣȻʥӣΪβ֮¡
ߵĺȳϯ߳˵ʶԪϣδأܲܲ룿
һ仰ʯ쾪˶ۿϯʣϯǵȻһʧرϯ£ǲʺԹޡ
ϯ仰Ҳ㵣û뵽ԷҵһڡϯʸͶһǸνʼ硣
ߣߺһȻ˵ʲô㵱ΪһʥӼκεϷʥӵλڵ۾֮ϣʵȴȲϵ۾
˵꣬ٴαֱֱ㹥ȥ
һԵֱֲɨȥ߲һٻɽ壬ԱƵļΪ΢ÿαֱɨҪ
ӰңβϵʩչܿԷһż¶͵ĹȥҲԵ쳣֮䣬֮趯ֲ
˽֣𵴵ѣ˶Ըٻɽ壬Կ񱩵ľûϯɽ塣
֮ϣ˽ֲϣϺս൱㡣ϯصʹˣβ²⣬Ҳû뵽ȻһʥӼ
ʥӼֲеλʥӾסǸ߲ʵСӰǰΪġǴ꣬ȻҲ
ϯؿĿ˲ԼϵӡɺǺǵɵЦжʥӼӰƫƫԼˣ
֮ϣ˵սϣһϳ𵴵ľǰԵֲģûжôУֶǻ޵аս⣬潻涼·硣
ԷƾʽľõֶңΡΪ۾߶Ҳκβ㡣
˽֣һϵϯӿսķǷûϯɽ壬ؾȴķ顣
ϯȭͷϣܸɷ㣬ôҲ벻ǣԷԶҪǿ͵۾־Ȼ·硣
һ澳Ȼڲͨܺ͵۾ս൱ϯʹ˦ͷҪȷǲġ
ʵȴòϣϯһ˷ܵˣϯɫ¡
ϯʵҲ벻ȻĿս۾˷쳣ݡ
ߺ㽻֣ץסһĵɳȥ֮ɫҲ˱䡣̫ǿˣǵʥӶҪǿ١ǵʥӿɲ˺֡
ðʥӣδ̫ǿˡ߶㣬дżδ澳ս۾
ϷҪֵܲܵϷķ򡣡ŭ𣬶÷֮
Է÷ҲЦҪԴɱǺܲܽƿķ潻ս۾
֣ҲöԷֵԵʡĴɱ䣬ҪĴɱôˣԵ۾ֻΣ


1017 ȵ۾
趯֮䣬趯ضʱ򣬰Уֹ£Կһص㾡ʵȣ£š
ϯʿһĻҲȭͷ۾ķǴ޷ġ㾡ΪʥӼ뿹ⷨҲֻܶͨˡֻͨҪǿǿܰ
ϯһûһ˿ģ澳˵۾Ĵ˵δʶȻΪҲ
ϯʶߵһڳ˵ǲ´Ҫʵڲţ÷ͷ̡Ҫʥعһеǡ
С㣡żҪ˵ʲôȴϯʴϡ
ˣǰ˵ȥǡ
ϯʲɵĻ⼸ҧֻתȥš
ڳеĶ㣬Ҫⷨ򣬵Ŀֲϵĺˡ
ʥӼΣ澳ǲܺ۾ģ޷ı䣡߶㣬дżּЦֱ趯֮䣬֮Ǳ
ֲķ֮ǣأɽշѹ¡ɽŹﶼҪֹ²ܳɻȴֹµ켺Ҫ켺ɱ
龰òϯ˶סϯһȺ˸սȭͷֱֱĶ㣬ǵ֮ɫ
ϵϯ£ɽ£֮Ťת֮ܣȥ
ߺһָһ㣬֮ٴα
µķɽһΪֵķ򲻳ɣͿ㷨򡣡
˵֮䣬񱩵ĵ۳Ϣ֮ǰĴԵضҪ顣
ĵ۳ľɽҡ˼£ȴƿ
ǿֲĴȻܺҵķ򡣿վ۾ΣƲֻаһ·ߡЦǴŲм֮һ
㵱ΪҾֶβɣЦһսⱩս֮ĵҲ۽ͷס˾ɽѹԭѹµķ֮ıס
ףִ߾Ŀ㣬м⡣ȻִҴִĿֲֲȻ򵽼ľ硣
߾ȹ龪ȣȴҲû̫⡣ϾǵܳƵģӵִΣҪ
Ц䣬ֱ趯˲ִ㸲Ƕȥ
㵱ΪƲ㷨򲻳ɣ
ȣڵĵ۳ȥֲĵ۴Ťתأ趯֮䣬ض޷ִ֮Ŀ£Ȼʼں
֮ΨҶѣΪĪܵŭһֲִĵۣ۴Ż֮֮ƣŤһж
񣬴żŸķ֮׵ĳȥ֮ڴ˿̶Ťһͬǹֱһ㣬İѷһӰңδӿ
ⲻܣ߿ȻƿķɽĶ棬дŲ֮ɫҪǶԷʩչͨƿķܽܡɶԷȴֻǶĴ֮ȻҲƿķ֮ζԸš
ĶҪ㣬һʲô
ϯʵҲ΢΢һ㶣һ׼ǰȥĳϣʱҲͣ㵵Ŀ㡣ͬ벻Ȼƾĵ֮ƿ˶Էķ
찡ǿǷ򰡣ع֮Ǵ͵۾ıʵĲ࣡޷Խĺ蹵蹵Ȼȥˣûпɣ
˶ԭأ㶵Ŀ㣬ʧ֮ɫ
㿴¶𺳣ɫȻڴı仯ֱ趯һ֮ӿֱۡ
ĵߵǳԽصĵȻֵȴأشеĻ֮ԣʱĴ֮ܵѹƵġ
һǰľҶ˼ʧоþòƽҲ죬ʹҶ˼ʧ䣬ҲҪŤתһеǿԸ
Ϊеִ߻ħˡȴҲ˶õ˺ôΪִضʱĵԼĵ
ʱĵûմȾعϢ߳ȫ·ȻȻȫȫʩչԼĵܰѵʩչ¡
ĵǻĵȻֲȣĿƣҪŤתعѡһȴͬˣ㵽Ż𣬲ֻǻ飬ĵƺҼ֮
ԡ֮أҪңƫ졣ʵϣһ·ش֮մȾشϢûȫɵʱĵԡ
һΣΪҶ˼Եʣ߳شȫӡ֤Լĵʱ㣬Ĵﵽ˴Ķ壬ʥӼȫȫӡ֤Լĵ
ʥӼ޵޵оȫӡ֤ĵΨģˡǶѾӡ֤ԼĵԼĵȫϣųɾʥӼﵽ˴ܴﵽ۷壬ֻһܲͷĲΡ
ӡ֤ӻ˼
ĵŤתضģΨĵȻأᱻطֻҪ㹻ȫܽԼĴ֮׵ƿ
ȻƿҪֲҲִº϶ΪһԵʡ
Ԥϵӡ֤ԼĵصĹֻҪ㹻ܴơ
ǣʮֵ£׵ĺ俪ˡ
ȴ֪ЩֻоԼ֤һ漣һ澳ߣȻƿķ֮⴫ȥ˭ţ
ع򰡣ûжӦĹ֮ƣ
ϷͲţһҷ򡣡ŭвԸʵɲϵıֲ֮䣬ͬˮһ㲻ϵĺ
ˮһķ֮𵴲Ϣÿ𵴶˺
䡭䡭
ϵϯȴҡҡͷ˵ûõģ֮ñͷۣɴʱȴκβҡ
˵֮䣬۴ſֲϵĳÿ趯֮䣬۴ŵع򱻳ɢң档
߲аɲϵĳɹɿֲķ򣬵ÿζƿ֮⡣
һĻϯʵ˶ԭأ˶ŴͣǶò˼顣У·֮ʹ֮ûƵġֻҪ㹻ƿ
ˣ˿㣬̲סֹǰɻкܶ˲Ըš
ȥŭһٴγҲƽʥӿϷžĹɨ𵴾
߷ˣһ۾Ҫ涼κβˣʲôΪĵķͷ
趯ķ޴Уת֮䣬ǹֻȥ֮񷶼Ϊ֮ѣһжĩ
ǿƶԵĹҡҡͷǴżЦ⣺ûõģķκβңѵκε𣿡
˵֮䣬һƲϵĴ˳ȥһƺ·ʧֻƣǧȫУƣΪūΪһ㣬ơ
ʶһ£ͨ
˵꣬һŶԷ˹ȥ


1018 
棬ʱɹâһɹĲ纣Хһ㱼ڣƵʮֲƣ˶ëȻһӽŰð⡣
֮ǵأһжҪ߶˼ɣзִ磬ûֲɨͷͷҪ
ֲˣ粻ϳͱķ顣ĻսƽвŸֳӰ
߶ϵĵˣ²ȶ֮䣬̤տѡ
ɫ԰ףǶѪɫȻոսУ˶ơ
ɼԶ֮סӰ
Եˣϯ˶в²ŽʲôѵǴɵƽ֣һ澳һ۾ƽ֣
ⲻǿЦɣֻǴ澳
ٵͬʱϯȴ¶ȻɫͲ԰׵ĺѪɫˡ֮ǰվʱһȷɶԷʱ֪Ҫ֮ǰ±ȷɵľˡ
۾ܺ͵۾ս൱ϯ¿ѪҺþòƽϢе𺳡
Ҫ𣿡㿴˵ҪǲĻǾ뿪
Ķ㣬ֱ۵ľԽܣԷȻҪǺͬȼҲͰˣɶԷǴ澳ûֻ߸һ֪
Ӣ۰ϷСˣһˣ²Ԩ˰ɡ߶˵ԨˣҪԨʥֵܵ۾ʹԨˡȴδ
㲻Ҫܱһˣֻ㻹򲻴򣿡㿴ŶԷ˵
ߣߺһɫ࣬漴ϯʣֶŮһð֡
ԪϹˣʶֻǲԸͷ˶ѡϯʵȻ˵
ߣߺһĨһǵѪҺϯ˵
Ȼﵽ۾ǶԷķ֮Ȼϲ٣ȴͨʥӼÿһ򵥣֪ʲôУսռϷ硣Ҫ﷭СıܵĻ¶ûټˡ
Ͼһ۾һ澳ʰ⴫ȥ֪Ц˿ɲǿ˵ȥ˻
ߴ뿪ȻȥȻƿ۾ķ򣬵໹µ۾ûȴʰ۾Ͼ۾Ҫǿ١
ʰҲҪķѲҪǣûҪڱ˵ĵϣѵɱ˶ԷԪϲɣ
˴ܸߵ۾ĵҲ˷쳣ġһսش塣濹ս۾ȵ۾Ӵ澳нߵĲΣ˵ʱҲ൱һͷ
۾ҲǿֲĴڣҲǸ嶥Ĵڣ߳µʸ
ʱ㣬ȴԴ澳ﵽֲΣǼġ
ڿܿȵ۾ˣҲĲߵĲΡһԺ¿ĶˡﵽߵĲΣߵ˶
Ҫǣе۾ͷɱҲˡ

ҲƽһƽϢһĿ⿴ϯʡŮ˼ʤѩޡ
ϯߵǰһлӰæ
Цǰ޵Ůӣҡҡͷ˵ǵǲãС㲻˵ôδޣѵһܿ㱻۸ɣ
ĵЦϯʰ˲糺졣ɫ޵Ŀ˵ùȡЦˣոȨ֮ƣСŮӲò˵빫ԭ¡
ҡҡͷҲ⣬ϯ˵˴δ´ɣ
ϯҡͷᣡô棬Ȼңͷ游ûл֮ǰֻܳܽҲκβǡ
ϯô˵ŵ˵ͷԼϾҪ뿪ġҪԼǰһߣžˡһжˣ
Ŀ⿴ϯʣŮ浾Ȼվϴ飬ӣٴٻ㡣ʱȴʹĿڵһˣ
仰˵ϷŮ˹ʶĻ仰һ˵ڣϯʵɫ糺һƬޱȡ
ϯصȴ̲סͶȥӵ빴С㣿δ̫ССˡ뵽ոյƣһͬ˪ƵģȻֶεһЩ˼б°˵Сܱˡ
ϯȻɬɻ˳ĻΣ֪˵λˣҺ󣿡
Ǻǣ㳤Զȴٻ㣬˵ҲʶЦһ䡣
ԭֻһ˵û뵽ϯ۾ȴ͵һ۾ֱֱĿ㣬һֱȻͻȻʶС㣿
ϯͻȻļҲ㶣ɻĿϯ˵ʲôС㣿
˵ٻ㣬С㣡ϯʿ㣬¶˷֮ɫͻȻ뵽һֿܡ
ٻС㣿Ҳͬ˷û뵽ϯʶٻ㡣ֵǣϯ֮ˣôС㣬ѵϯңݲͣ
ɻϯſڣ˵ʲôȴܱ̫ˣѹеļ˵
Ҳ֪˵㣬˵ͷϯ뿪һȺĪˣСôͻȻֶһС㣿
ϯʴ㵽һľĹѹеŮ֧֮󣬶˵ɣԼ˵Ҷ㣡
ǾȣԷȻٻʶҪȻ֪Щ
Ȼ¶֮ɫϯһ෬չˣΪִһ֣СһЩ飬㡣
ǺǣСһֱ˵ϽҪټǡû뵽ӾȻˡС֪ȻʮֿĵġϯЦ
˵Сٻ㣿ôС㣿ɻʵ
ֻСŮѣҺСƣҲСԵʣҶ¹ƿأҲС㴫ڵġϯʻش˴ǰ򣬱С㿴أΪϯʻش
ʮ־ȣٻֱ̫˰ɣһֱϵĵӣȻΪŮ
С㲻Ǻ͹ڻĿռзֿ𣿹Ӳ֪СΪʲôϯɻĿ㡣
㶣𵱳ӡŮ˵ԨԴǳĻſڣӺѵ³һ仰㲻ңٻΪɣ
СǾס񹬣

ԼҪεڵˣϢ̫ˡٻȻס񹬣ѵ񲻳ɣ
ӣû°ɣϯʿ㱣ĵʵ
ϯʡ
⡭ϯʿһۣ漴˵ӣڵҲܸ㡣غ񹬵Ĺأԡ
ϯô˵Ҳûб˵ͷϵٻ𣿡
Ȼ˴λؼ壬ǴһЩ顣ЩʱҾ͵û񹬡ʱһѼӵϢתСġϯ˵
˵ͷٻ֪Ȼ㵹ǲںˡ
ֻǣʲôӡŮΪʲô˵ԨԴǳ


1019 ҥ
ûϯҴ̫ã֪ϯʻҪʱ뿪Ԩǰʱϯһţٻ㡣
Ҷ˼Ԩ뿪뿪ʱ򣬱ȽԨ׵Ķ࣬ԨһڣҪ֮·
뿪ԨҪҺϡβף޷ҵⲻûа취ú

ʼһӣӶź͹֣֮ź͹ԴɽšԵѡȡҲߣžͷź͹塣
еķÿᣬԷɽţŵһ仰
صϽ˰ȥ
صĳŹŮնħ
ص۾ȻϲˣʮԨϷ

µĻÿζǺص۵ɫţǿͷĹѸץĳϺȥϺƳôôƺҪѺص۵ܻƵġ
˵һȻûţӽлĴԽ˳ɻˡҲ
Сӷ˰ɣΪʲôص۵ҥԣ޷粻ˣ˵صˡ
пܣ˵ܺߣ
ܿ죬ںص۵ĴͬХһ۴
Ȼⱻ˳ƺķɲϵĹšЩŲϲ£Ҫ˵ǿȲЩڡҪ˵ЩǿܿѪĹ塣
ǣȴԵ޹ʣֱɱ϶Էţһһ仰ﳤȥ
ͬģСӳֺÿγֶѪޱȣ˿ںС˾ȵǣԷֻǴ澳
ԭΪһ澳ţܱɱʮź͹֮Ҳûκε
˾ֵǣвûе۾ͷĳ֣δκε˶ԷԷȻпս۾ʵ۾޷κεɽ֮ﳤȥ
һŵľͷŭգȼվѪ׷ϡǶԷٶȴԤϣȼվѪ£Ҳδ׷ֻĿ뿪
ֻһһͷŴסԷ˿⣬ս൱ʩչ޷κε㡣󣬶ԷʩչֲһУסһƶˣݻǵĴŹЦ֮ﳤȥ۾Ѫ
ȻӳǵԤϣֻд澳ʵս۾ϢͬХһ㣬ƪ򴫿𾪲ѡ
ǿȻһ漣漣ȴߡ
һ澳ʮʵźȺ
Ҳԭ򣬵ԱЩϲΣ˼£¶Է
ӵʱһƬ￪ͬʱص۵ĸִԣҲ
Ȼ㣬ԨͿʼҸź͹鷳Ȼ̫ǿƵģһЩǿȴڻ¡
ȻҲ˵һ蹷˭ҧ˭ҵȻѡԵġЩŴǳ޻ģֱӻǼӣΧɱѪＣ껪͸己ܶѪʱʱɱһЩ
ЩˣȻ顣
µĻѪ٣Ͼ껪岢ųͨ顣ܶţȴⶼ̣ҪѻѪȫɱ
㵱ûЩʱܿȵ۾ȻβܡЩţͬѪޱȣһ·ɱȥ
㱻ӣ蹷ͬʱҲħ
Щ㲻⣬ɱһЩˣΪ屨ܰϢϣֶΪ
ڣ˵ɱһͨͨ塣ֻͨˣ޵õʵܡǣȴɱˡΪľѾϡĿĻѪ֮ҪǲɱԵѾɱĻˡ
㶢ǰһߵɽţ˸ź⡣
֮ǰʹһڵڼǰŴﵽ۾˵ҡڵֱֱǵɽšֱֱֱֲǵɽš
Էɽεֵסһ˲ͱ˿̮ɽµĵϣٵӱҵѪģ
ˣ蹷ˡȥ棡
ڶӾʧ룬һĿ㣬ڸȥ
Ȼǻᣬָ㶯һ˲䴩ǵ壬屬ըѪɢڵϡ
һȥһ·ϲϵı
Ѫ̵أͬһһ߹ĵ·ĴĿĵѪ޶ңΪѪȡ
һ·ɱˣûһܻȥġ
Ӷң㲻ɱŵӵʱһŭһŭ澳ֱֱֲ߱ɨ㣬Ҫ㳹׵ɱ
ǿֲģ趯ء
㿴ѹµȴżֲмָ㶯۴ż֮޻ε򼸸ߡ

һĹ澳ǿɫ䣬ӰҪܿѾˣǽһ˲ǵĵ۸ķ顣
ڵ۱ͬʱҲ뵽ǵС

壬ǺͨһȻѿѪɢ澳߾ڷڶԷһжûܵס
ⲻܣ
еëȻ˵ֵ֮ġֲ̫ˣеĳ϶һ֮ڡ
ȴûпƵģŲǰжϣЩӣѪϵıը
ӣ
ЩҲҺ㽻֣Ҫӵһ
ҪǾͻܳƨֹðǰүһ仰
Ȼ˷
߷վܲĽ⣬ᴩըѿѪɢء
޼ɵɱ¾ǵ棬ǵ漤£Ϊһӵӵס˽⡣ѪȾصɽţɫൽ¡
棬ǡ
Щӿ֣ɫҰףĴ
Է󺰣üͷ壬ɱұ졣
ĽٴϯЩѪɫԭеͣܣ
ס֣ŭ𣬳ֵס콣⡣
㿴ŶԷǴżЦ⡣ЦȻϯסҺΣ
㽣⼤Ťתֵ֮䣬ʽгĵϣ˲ʮըѪꡣ
ɫѿ㣬û뵽Լķ£ԷɱĵӣǴɫĶ㡣


1020 ɱһ
Ǵʮźʹ蹷Ķ㣬һ˿Сӣεİѵӻס
Ϊҷ蹷仰ؼҪˡ㿴ŶԷ˵
ôĿŭ㵱ɱ㲻ɣ
֪ܺġ㵭˵
Ȼ֪εֵ۾ǿߵģΣܵסһѵܵסɣŭ֮䣬ٴһӰһˡ
㿴һ˵ߣż־ȣ㣿
˲İɱһڣš㵹ǲɱԷԷʵﵽ۾硢ɱѡֻܷŹԷû뵽Էܵˡ
ѦϹֶݺݵ˵ɱȫڣҪѪĽ
ԷЦһ֮ǰ㶼κβҡȴκңⲻ𣿡
㿴ŶԷΪм˵Ҫ㣬Ͷ㵽һβˡñɱġ
Сӣ㣡ѦϹֶ㣬֪Ͷ
ŶԷĻЦЦҲۣĿ⿴˵Ϊһ־𣿱Ͳµǻ֡
ߣʹˣȻ֪Ϊʲôԭս۾ҲǺһ۾൱ѡ֮ձɱ㡣˵Ŀ㡣
̾һ̫ˣ˵ͷһΣŵʱͲ²ĵǻụϣֻû뵽ǻϵôֱ̫ʧˡ
ĻѦϹֺ޲ó㡣
ɱ㣬Ͳˣ˵ͬʱѹȥֲƱɹɷƣԵֲ֮ܰ㶼շѹķ顣
㿴һĻҡҡͷ㵱ƭǲɣȻбֶΡ
˵֮䣬Ӱ趯绯ӿû뵽绯У⽻ͨɱ
ȴɫ˱䣬ƾճ绯Ҳž壬ΪǴӶԷϸоĲ
ԷҲзǿ߰˲õԤС
ⲻõԤϾͱǣ绯һƣһƿ档ºȴɳȥѪɳ˼Զľ롣
ֱϴľ޴ɫ͵ĲҰףԷʵȻԼǿ
Բ۾Ŀ绯ŬʩչѹڷѪ¶֮ɫ
ɲ绯ɵ𺳣ֱ趯绯ɱ
绯Ӱ趯ֱֲɨ˶ȥ㲽ʥӼ绯Ҳǿ˲٣һĵ۾Ķ֣۾ͬ·硣
Ϲ֣һסһ濴绯˹ȥ¶ѦϹִ󺰵
ѦϹҲ绯ǿ֪һ˵סҪǱɱҲԶˡԣ溰֮ͱֱֱֲŶԷ˹ȥֲԵ
۾ֱɨ绯ȥ绯޾壬ÿ趯ɫ䡣
һԵ֮ɽţϯһЩŵӵֵסʵķ顣
㿴۾סӰżְԵֲÿһ趯֮䣬Ȼɱһڵĵӡ
һڵĵӸĶ֣ͬոһոǵ
һ浹Ѫɱ¾£ЩɫҲ쳣Ѫɫ
ٶԶģʹҲûӴܵˣƵû취ųϴ󺰵ҪӣŴȼվѪɱš
˼ӲˣҲݣҪƴһϵıӿŴϡ
Ե֮ѪŴ󡣡
ڶԷȼվѪͬʱĽ³˾޴âǣڶӵۣܺأŶɹȵӴ֮кɨȥ
ֵס䣬ҲĵѪ
ãٽһҪɱ㱻ĲϺˣִĳϴ˷֮ɫ
Цһòϼǧ۵ĴȷʵֲƾžκԼδ̫СԼˣ
ŶԷ趯һɹӰܿԷһĹ
֮֮࣬
֮䣬Ӱ趯趯֮䣬ǧֲĵһһɼ°޵ƳƳ֮䣬ֱֱĳȥ
ǿֲģĳ£Ҳѳһѷ졣
ͨͨųϴ󺧣죬άִ󣬲ͻƴҪȻܵס
ϵľŵҲ԰£һ䵽֮Уݱ޾ɱУϵļ䱩ȥ
շѹµֲܼϺɨȥ
ⱩǿֲԵģÿα֮䶼˺ҪɱСײУһǿƵҲСӡ
мֱ£ѹⷽҫˡһȻһ·ɱǿģҲ
ʥӼжҪͷƤ顣㲻ͬȵ۾ĴȻЩ鷳ȴκβ
ƿǵĴ󡣡˵֮䣬ֲɨͨŵǬʩչŤգŤͬʱһưԵĺ
䡭
ߺ˲ڴдһӿмڴ֮⡣
ãЩϿӳɫ䣬ӰҪӴܡ
ǻᣬϽ࣬ķŴȱޱȡ
˵ߣϴҵ
˵֮䣬ķӶĵӡŴȱ͵ĽȴȻ˹ɹɻ棬ڶϣȼһ˲ڿ˼֮ߡ

ŵӲҽȴ˲Ļ棬ֻܱճɻҽ
Լĵ˲䱻ɫ֮䱩Ҫ绯ʰ㣬绯𿪵ģֻĿĵӱķɱ
ֲͨһƬһƬĵӱɱɱ¾һǵĳϸɱ֮ҲûȤɱЩʵ΢ĵӣӰֱԷĲر֮УһڵԴա

ŭһϵϯֲ֮䣬Ҫ绯绯Ŭ޷𿪡
棡˰ɣһʵֲ̫ˣ˺Ƕ֡СҲı⣬ڳʱǳ֣׶༪١ѦϹֳ󺰵
ŭ𣬲Ը뿪ѦϹֻ˵ɽڲûգ˰ɡϱɱźʹ壬ʱһֶԸ㷭֮ҲӲһ
汻绯Ľڽںˣһҧߡ۾Ҫӣ绯Ҳ׵סԷӴܣҲû׷𣬱ϾҪɱһ۾缫ѣҪƴĻԼһҲܵش
ԣ㿴ŶԷ뿪Ҳû⣬ǶԼɲʲôвŶˣҲʲôˣʱΣ


1021 Ψһ
ǵ涼Ӵܣ˾͸޵ֵ֮ˣɱ˶Էʵﵽ֮ϵ֮һ䣺صԼ˫Σ˰
Īһ仰֮Ӱʧ˵Уֻһеŵӣ
뿪ɽţҲûмұšɱ¾ôţҪǺĻӦܵõϢҲµóԼҪǺϲڵĻ𼸸Ҳá
ͬʱԼɱ¾ϲµź͹嶼ġҲЩź͹Ѿ޵֡
㲻ôɵȻʱʵѾܺ¡ȴ޵УԷҪ沼޵˵Լ﷭
ѾɱôţеĶҲһСڣо쳣泩Ҷ˼ѹ֣Ҳɢ˲١

ɱ¾һƬ򡣵ɻ˭ıӵȥǺصǼһҪǣºͺص۵ʱΪơ
һĿţһʮţֱһ蹷ȻصҲˣֻҪ˭˳ֱۣӴ˼ȥ
۲ϣϵӶȥͬű˼蹷ɱȥ
ɱһڿԷһǿޱȵĵ۾ս۾⡣ֲսѾһĹˡ
һЩ壬ȺҲֻһλͷ򰡡
һƬУʱȴ˼ߣԼѧֻҴĻؼѾѧˣЩΡҲֳ֪һĻһ᲻ؼ
ҵʱɫȴһ䣬Ŀ⿴һ
δˣһδɰ
ǣоȣ벻ܲ٣ܲپ͵ˡǰһȺΨģ۾Ҳ
ΨҲʦûҵҡǱҵˡЦſΨ˵ôһҪһȥɣ
ΨĻδ˵𱬵˾ŭߣɱͷˡΪˣȥлȻ꣬ס˻Ϊܡ
ĿתˣһǰıִһЩ޵ݣһֽ֮Ȼվģ޳Ⱥϸ֫ߣעĿ
СþòȻջ˼֣ô֪įòŮ˵Цſ˵С㲻Ļ
ĻɫǺ죬޲ſڰҧһ̫ˣվͲϷһҪİ˵
ȵȱСͰεͷ˶ݺݵ˵
ŮӺɱĶ಻ãû廨ѵ˵Ŀ⵹̲סߵһӢӡƤʤѩǹҪǶԷװкᣬ㶼һŮˡ
λǣ㿴Ψ˵Ҫңѵ˰ֲɣλޡ
룬ô㣬Ů˶ἵʰɡ
ԼɫҲ˼֣˵¿඾һˡº͸˵ҲһЩԶԶǰȥʦȡرԴ֪»ǵ𣿡
Ƿѩĵӣ۾һŶԷ˵ѹָ·Ȳԭǻ÷ѩǰĵӡֻҺŷ岢޶ԹѵҲҪң
˵ҺΨһʣʺնһǰѡ
ô˵˵ͷҲ˵ĿתΨĺˣرϣĿⶢ˵ز˿Ρ
㣡ǻҰɣվҪͷġӲġΨĿ㵭˵
Цô춼ˣӲ֮˵򣬲⡣ȻǿҲκεҡ
Ψ˵ǶΪӵ𣿡
˵ôϻʲô֪֮ܲˡ㿴ΨģҵʥʥŮǲʵ
һƬҲ˾ǵʱЩ˾ȻʥʥŮԼ÷ʥʱһҲ𺳡Ȼۼô
ȻȻҪҵʥʥŮʱҲ̲סĿתƵϡܿϳָڵ蹷ֻǵһ֪ԭһǴӳȥġ
Ψҡҡͷ̾һǺαأ
㵱Ȼô˵ʥӵλˣôռˡȻ˵
ⱩŭĻò뵱ǻʥӣҶˣҲŹֵĿ㣬ӳԭôһԭ
֮ǰ˵ںʥλ𣿿ʱҲαġ
˶ͶȥӵпЦڰΪǿƤҪˣڶ֪ҵڱˡƫƫһϷҪΨսһ
ҲףһսǲɱġҪñţҪȫסǣΪʲôԤϵûз
һǰۿΨĺˣ˵ݼҲ
㣬ҪִˣҾֻܶˡ
Ц־Ͷ֣㲻ɣҪʶȤӦ˵ս۾ΪκεҲɣ
ʱ̲סս۾ΣСҲսվʰ㣬ܻ
˵꣬߳վĶ档
νʼ磬ֱһӣ绯ߣҪҴԣȰҵ绯˵
˺Ψ۾һǰ绯Ҳޱȣû뵽Էİ绯۳ˡ
ӣ˹⻯ǶԸΣ˺ΨĳĬʱ̤ӰӰǱܵѦϹ֣һ峤
ͷĻΧ룬ѹȥ
㿴˳֣˵ǲ֪ŹǼΣҳڱǰ
ͬۿ㣺ʲô˽վĻͬɱ㡣
ûдԷ绯ͨãսˣԷ۾Σܲ˶ԷҲκβ˻
ɣҲˣ˺Ψ˵һϣһ
һ仰ȴһƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㡣д֮ɫʲôսʥӼ
֪֪ʥӼʲôԵ۾ܿ⡣ֻһѣ˵ʥӼӡ֤Լĵͬ޵С˶֪ʵʥӼҲǷֲεġԽǴʥӣԽֲɱԽࡣ
ȻһʥӼЩʥӼҪǰСҵΨģǳȻֲһʥҪǿ١
ңʥŮԼ÷ʥӶǱΨĲ̫ͬʱֶԸһˣܵס
ʥӼҲ̫дˡ
˺ΨҲһ㶣û뵽ôȻаˡ
ôϣǱ𲻽ȥм㿴Ψ˵



1022 ۽ս
ΨľһϷ˿ô˵ɲϲ֪ʵǾΣһû¹κˣǶԷȻҪս
ˣһ˾ܰ㡣ΨĶ˵ӵҪ㵽кεҽаˡ
һɣ㲻Ҷ֡㿴Ψ˵
ΨĺһҲϻֱ趯һȵϯշѹȥƺӴʥУΪһ
㽻ֹΣÿһζûжȫһΣҽ֣ҪЩ쵽׳˶٣ǲ˵ﵽʥӼΨĶ㵭˵
˿ɶԷѹƶĿΨ˵ڳɳģҵĳɳȴԶʤ㡣ҳԼ㣬ɴʱȴҡ
ΨĲ˵ֲĵϱܼĵۻ֮ΨһֱûжùȫԱʥӣм
˿̣Ҫⱻڸûб³Խӵ˱ͨ漣ǲҵһˡ
һУΨĴΨģ֮һ˳Ӧģ˿İͰԵ֮صİȻֱȥ֮꣬ƮȻ£ȴҲ֮޵ɱ
ЩƮ䣬ͬһ㣬Ϲȥһ˿˿ƿ֮
Ψһ֣ͲͬڱʥӣȻҪͿֲĶࡣ裬ͬвϼȥĹҪǱǴ涥ߣҪ⡣
ȴδ֪һ㣬ֱ趯һ似צȭ򵶻򽣣Ÿֵ⣬ͶԷĻһײ֮䣬ĵⲻϵɢ
֮жʱ˾һĻ䣬һɢͬˮ䵽УɢһƵġ
ģ˵˶оĵе֮ƣҪ˭ҾЩĻȻָ顣
ģĴɱ⣬Īܻ
Ψĵ˵˵֮䣬Ӱ𶯴۲ϵļ޾Ļ֣һƬվͳɾͻһ㣬ƮȻ£紺ٻţٻƵġ
һĻĲΪ֮һĿֱֱĶΨģǳ֮ɫ̫ˣֻʥӣɱ˵ֶζôΨ˭ΨĻ껭Уޱ޼ɵֵɱ
ǧ㸲У㱻û
鿴Ʈ꣬ɫҲ¶֮ɫΨֵΨ֮𣿹趯УΨȴ޾ĹһУʥԶҪͷƤ顣ΨֲǵһͷˣܿΨֵĲˣҪһУҲҪķѲֶβƿ
˿תĹ켣Χ룬ҡҡͷ㲻ҪС㣬ȻûڹеΪǳֻҪ뵽ԴͨĿֲ˾Ȼڴͳɵ߳Լ·СӡΨһȻܶԱɲС鷳κβ
˶ôߣҲɰĿ⿴УеĻɰˡ
ǿĻ£ҲҪͷۡʥӣЩŴĻ¶Ҫܵ˺ĳɡ˵
ҪΨһе̫ѣǶҪڻûлʱƿȻƿ¾ҪԵСˡԷãҲҪԿ
ʵǳԤϵģڷΪҪԿ˵ʱԭĻͻȻһƬƬѿ
ΨΣߵشߵΨҴҪƿ֮ΨģһУǧӻмڻϣǧĻ궼ıѡ
ǧɢӶȥΨĵĻ꽻һĵĻ˿١
÷㶵Ŀ㣬Ҳ𺳲ѣ޷һôƿô⡣ֱ˼ͼ似ĵ⣬ҲҪǧ似ôྫѧϰ
龪ȵĿ㣬ЦЦ˵ΪʲôΨҪȫ˰ɡܳԤϣҪ˴ԵﵽʥӼΨĲ֡
һ仰÷ԭأ¶֮ɫΨʲôʥӼҲһĿֲ˾;Ȼ˵ﲻѵԷǡ
²÷ĿȵĶ㣬ŹâΪ˷ܡ


1023 ذ֮
֮Ű˶ӰܿľΨĶ㣬¶ءòѾɳָ߶ˣĴﵽʥӼ
ҵʱŴ棬Լʮǧ˿̶̶ʱվ˺ͬȸ߶ȣΨ̲סһʹԸϲ㣬ʵȷʵ
ƿ趯ɣΨսȭͷĿ˼ء
ΨĴ󺰣ӿĵ趯֮䣬һϯɨ趯ջһĺۼ˷ȥ
عɣһĹֱȥŤΣͷȻ
һӿۣɱ澳סֲĳ˿֪жôǿ
˿񶼾Ź֡
ΨΪһͷʥҲһĴڡȻĴ֮Էһ֪Ŀֲ
ǿΨķ˿裬սʮ㣬۶㡣κβ㣬֪ԷĴﵽʥӼ㱩˿
ֹ˰ɣֵˣЦҲΨĵ𺳣ֱ趯ʱ۷׷ɣųѤĹʣͬؼȼһ㣬ʢɨΨġ
ԵΨɫ䣬ٵĺᣬǧĻڱÿһƬޱȣ貵Ļ䷭֮䣬ͬſֲĹâ𵴶
ƣΨĳһƬĻŵĻһֲ˶һеơ
䡭
Ĵײһϯ쫷硣ݣ𶯣ž貵ĹâҪһƵģڵס۾ñĹâ˵
Ψͬʱˣܿĺ
ңܿĳۿΨġòϣһȷʵʵǷһʥӣǿΪ֮ȡվǱȲ
һɣ㿴Ψĺ˷鵭˵ԷǿǿȴκβԼĴǿԼĸǰԵŸ־УԼŻĳǧ似ܡ
ܴһ棬ԼԶʤǡ
һߣ绯ս۾۾Χ绯ȴ绯ƵĲϺˣ绯ʽȣϱĴ۾ò۴ս绯
˿һУ̲ס绯Ҳδ̫ǿˡ
Ψɨһ绯㣬һ⣬˵
˵֮꣬ӿ֣ʳâ䣬ϷĹΨĴ֮䣬췭ظӿûһ˿õʮɵսȻ趯ɱ⡣
Ψ֮
Ψŭһĵ۳䴩أ񷣬ֱɨ㡣
ң趯ĲӰķ飬Сӡ趯ϵĵǷ켫ֲܷ񷣬˺ʹâһȭɨһжݡ
˵գأʲôסֱֱĽһ
䡭
һ죬̺ŸʮĿֲнһ޾ľɨ֮䶼ķ顣ϯ԰һжûЩΧ۵ˣѾ˺֪ɸоȫӰ趯趯
˺ͷԳסЩನĳĿ⿴УɫأֱֱĶ㡣
͡
˺ͷעУͻȻһ΢ѪǺܴ󡣵ȴ˶ֱֱĿǷҵĿռ䡣
ǿΨӰˣɫ԰ףǴѪǴ۵Ѫʱ˶໥һۣɫ塣
ԽΨģЩţΨĵԼҪһߡһУûм˱ȵںʥӽУһռϷ磬һξȻԷѪǶԷǶôǿ
ȻվΨĵĶ棬ɷƵ˵˵һϡҪȻҵĶ֡
㲻ȴջص𵴵Ĳʧ񣬶ע㡣
ΨһѪĭĿⶢ㡣ŬƽϢеȻ㽻ֲû̫ңҲʵˡҪǿһȻ֪ģǿԵĴ潻ϣҪһ
Ψĵǲ붯üɣֻйν֡ʽüɺʹеĻԼǶ֡
ԷԴ澳սԼ澳ﵽʥӼ˻ɣ
Ψĺһ֮ǲκεˡ
ǳҵԤϣû뵽Ѿôǿˡ֮䣬һûмܿˡҪӳңʥ֮λˡΨ˵
㷭˷۵ҲңΪʥӣɾɲǵ͡
㻰Թñĵײ²ӳҵһԭʥ֮λԽԽпܣϾϵĵλ
ˣ֣һְסΣΨĿ˺ͷ˵
΢΢һ㶣û뵽ΨľȻķݣ˵ݶԸһˡ
ڷ鷢֮䣬ȴһ࣬ư
ˣҲûм룬Ӱ趯վһˣΧλá
֣Ҫص۵ӵǿϣִͽ̣㹰ֵ
˻˵޷Ҳµóʦ϶ʦгԿˣҪһسӣܱǸǡʵвģʦߵ·ҲҪһ顣
ĻЦЦҲΪ⣺δʥȫ˵ġοˣ
ĻǿҵţǿΨһҲΨĲ٣ʥӼͬʱ֣ǿһΣֻаһ·ߣ
ܲҪ֪㿴ŶԷ˵񲢲ΪԷĻв
˿㱻ʥӼΧɫҲʥӼʲôǺűʤ֮֡ʥӼÿһǸ߸ϵޱȣһһ𶯣ͬʱǾǶء
ʥӼӡ֤ͬʱô֯Բһһô򵥡
ΨģʥӼһĿֲʥ֡ҲʥӵΧʥӼˣҲǶ֡
ʥӵǿҲʺǡ
湻ǿģȻıƵ˳֣ΨĶĶ֡Ѳһһˣ
ϧˣ̫ˣʱѾ˱ذ֮֡
̾Ϣ̲סĿͶ㡣
㿴ˣɫҲʥӼöԸ֪οʥӼҲǣԼĴõӡ֤űͨ۾£ȻʥӼˡ
һվͿǲñ泩


1024 ʥ֮
֣תſֲĵֹۣݺݵΪ׵Ψģҵ죬¹¡
ΨȻ㣬ӭսϣ趯Ҳɹâ𵴣ޱȣֻɨȥž޴ǳײʮɽݣ
Ψıĵɳȥ˻ȥͬʱ֣̤ž趯ֲۣȭסȥ·
˵ĹֲĺˣҪһ㣬ʥӵƺɨס㣬Ƶ㲻òֵסǡ
˺ȵĳԽʥӵҲĵ˳ȥѪЩ𵴣¡¡춯ɽХľ졣
ͶԷľڴ֮ϣĿ꣬ƲɾһƬ棬صݣһ޿ӳ֣䣬ɢÿһط
˺ͷֻǱˣǳΧɫҲޱȡԷǿȿֲĹ֣ǺһȻûиԷɶ˺֪սǿ
ЦӰ趯ƮȻ֮䣬緢ûΪʥӼΧģ硣
˺ͷһۣ־Ȼȫ±ۣ˷ܵıɹѪҺ㣬趯žصɨҪѲ񷶼顣
޳Ũܻҵķ˿ɢ⣬սɽѵ似ֱ˶ȥ
˿㱩ƣһɫףż־֮ɫ
һȭ˳ȥסһˣݵĽ𵴳޾ľֲľɨٴα
ʥӼﱩУ֮ƿأױȵݺݵϯȥձݣؾ𣬴ѿһѷ죬ѿʮֲֿ
䡭䡭
սʥӣ񷣬˶ţ˵ľϳֻӰ˱ѹķһ㣬۱شĵ۲ϵϯ˫ɨ
˿һĻɫף㶵Ŀգ㵽ֶܼáʥΧ£սֵزѾ㹻԰ˡ
ͷ鶯֣һȭɨ˳ȥսȻһǰƣųգޱȣȭͷһͷ鶼ɳȥ˾ನ
㻹δüһŤԸǻ壬һ𣬺ɨͬһɨգĶҪ飬ǿϢԶԶɫףʥӼֱֲ̫ܱ
Ҳ˵޳ײһ˵ײȴȸһľ졣˵ɳȥ¶־ɫԷ̫ǿײһͬʯ֮ϡ
˹ѪҲЩȣΨȴûͣͱֱؿڣһҪǴУǿȣҲҪܵش
Ӱ趯ңʩչ£ΨһգѲѡ
˹˾һŵĿǰ
찡һ˵סԿǰʥӣ
˶𺳣ǺεĺǲŸһ㡣
ǿȻסʥӺѵԽʥӵĲΣ
˵ս۾²ǴԣӦʵʥӼնɱ۾ˣԷܽôã˵ս۾ʵ
սѾڽУ˶𾪵Ŀǰһսʥ˿·硣˭Ҳκβ˭ǿ˸е㤣ɫ׵Ŀ趯Ӱ
趯Ķ̫죬Ƕ׷㲽
ǾҲң룡۾£ҺΣſЦ
ս۾Σˣ˭ܺ͵۾֣÷򣬵۾Ҳκǲá㶯÷򣬶ͬκǡΨߣǽͨܵס۾򡣶Ҫ˺Ը۾Ļ۾ķҲƿն۾
Ψ˵֮䣬Աɹɵۣϱ˵ĵ֮£ɨȥ
㵲סˣӿ֣ˮκβңΨģ㲻ǺųѪ֮һΣѪ֮˵Ѫ֮ܰѱ¡
˶Ը㶼ҪѪ֮ǱҲˡֻҪΧߣǽҲ㡣Ψĺһ
ԷĻЦִƣ趯似סԷһδεĹ
˽𺳣ɫ׵ĿųУҵͽδ̫ǿˣһ˵סʥӼﲻ·硣
ģԿסʥӼﰡ
ҪǿˣҪһ˵ȴֻ棬Ťתһ㡣ٶԼĸֵ⣬ƿأȻսʥӶܡ
ǿʲôʱ½ðһһҲȥ
˵ֻŴͽ׶ѣΨĲԶϷ˴űȥҲ벻Էǿֵزɡ
ǿϧˣȻҲҪ֪ǿҪһʥӼšǡ
ˣҪӵĳȥЩĴĿ⼯еϣºܶù𣿡
˾ĿһĻҪһ㣬Ĵ򶷾ǿǰ֮Ŀ࣬𺳡
ȥ
Ψŭ𣬶ʥƷͬХһ˺ͷҲ󣬸ԱֲĵۣƬĵϯ£Ҫ֡
˰£𶯣ִ𶯽һ𣬱Զʤ֮ǰʮضҪƵģ޵вսƺɨź֮
ֲĹɫ䣬תŵϯκε𣿿ǵĴС
㣬㱾ͨʩչֵܵһҪȻҪ˺
ЦԸǻҪʩչͨûͨȻҲá
Բѡŭһ֮ǿֲԻֲĹȭƻȲϺɨ¡
һӰ趯Ψ֮ǧֻбǧأ֮Ҳ֮ūͶѣūΰ죿Ψѣ
֮ս⣬֮
ȳ֮䣬絽£֮䣬ϯʮеĵۻһâ¶ǧⶼУļ²ѵȫ䵽жȥ
һݣ
һ͵Сޱȣᴩأ֮Ҫƿһѷ졣
ΨĿһɫһ䣺ãȡɣӦǴУֻһߡ
Ҳˣһ˵Ҫƿûô򵥣ǶǷﲻɣ
㼤֮ϣһ㣺Ҫ߳ȥҪΪ֮·ʲô
ȴĿѣɫСӻ̫ˡ


1025 ľ
һ裬ᴩۣ֮ϣУĻһڵĿĴƮ¡۵Ŀֲ۳ĲӰϡ
ĲӰǣ޾ݣعѵͬ֩˲ĿųУɫ԰ף岻ѡѾǵ
棬˱Ŀֲƣͬޱȡ˺أµ۾ܿȡԼҪ濹ס˵ȻѪˡ
Ψ˿վ渺ֶ꣬ͬƽ˺δκεƿִ֮ԷĿֲ
˰ɣ˱Ҫˣ㿴˵
Ψĺ˷ɫЩÿҪǺˣǵǾ޴Ĵ
Ψĺһ䣬ɨ޾ĵ֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ飬ֱɨɱʮ㡣
Ҫߣǻסң˵֮䣬ֱ趯ϯսȻΨĵ˱ܿһ
ǿδأҪ£͵£鿪ڣ·
ЦǶѪ֮סңд󲻶Ѫ֮ǵľƷκβҡ
ЦδѪ֮ȻáߣҪߣҺΨһҲ׷ɱ㡣
ˣ߸ǿ㲻ܣϯһƽŴȱϢȴżľٶһ˸ʵؿڡ
åҧгݣòܿӲһС
˱ܿЦӰ缤ȥû߶Զͱ鵲סҪߣҴӦӦ
ۻǹ㣬ֱҪֲ𵴲Ϣ񶼱һ
һɨһȶһɨдĽ⣬͸У񷡣
ΨʱҲϣͷͬʱ֣סһ趯ʯ쾪ĿֲΧУȷʵǿ˺κʥӶߡ˿ɱʥӲǴԶѣΣձضҪס
ǣҪߣסһһƺ˳ȥ˺һ
趯ֲ㵹ؿڱѪ
㲻òϣ˶Ƿˡȷʵս۾۾ӵзҲáȻ񣬵սһڻ£μˣ˲ֹһ
ɣ㱻ĵٴǵİΧȦ֮УΨĵ˵趯ٴϯȥ
СӣȻǿСҲոֲĺһӳҪǱץһҲκβ㡣
趯һɹϵļһƺ˳ȥʽĪ⣬ȻҲʮ־ֵ
˿˺ֻסȴκ㣬һʧֱֱĶ㣬ǳݺ;η
ҪִҪأЦһĵɣңҪͻΧȴһ˻ȥ
ٴͻƣҪȻ߲ˡΨ˵䣬Ƹӵǿң𵴶ؾķֲ
ЦһȻֱֱܿײ˹ȥ
㵱Ҿͺ۸ɣ˼ͻƿڣЦһ޾ĵ۳ֱϣϸֱ˦һȭȥ
һȭֲҪ¡ţһȭܵס㡣
ǿûҲȷʵǶ֡˳֣㵲סԷõѾʮˡ㲻ܿס
ԭΪܿײ
ǲ֪ȻǱСʹѪ˺һֱֱؿڡ
һƳ˵ȭͷײһĳɨһƬա
ԤϵڵסΨĺͷ֮ѾȲˡһռϷ磬
ԭΪһܺѪǣһȻûк㡣ȻӭϣҪסµ
˺һһȭȥ

ԭΪһܺѪǣһȻͬһְϣȻƾסһ
˲Уٴײŵ˻ʧɫӰ趯һܿᣬӰ˵İΧȦ֮⡣
ҲҪס𣬻һЩ򡣡Ц
˹㡭˱ܿ뿪ЩҪߣϿɲÿ
˼ŭȣжѲĺһҪеԼײСɲԸС
仰㶣ôǿ
ǿһϵģԭҲΪܴѪʱŷӦǿȿֲҲΪʲôܿˡ
ΨĺͷҲ˲ô࣬˸趯ٴȥ
Ȼˣǻκҡټˣλ˵䣬Զߡ
ҪӣǴӦӦΨĺӰҲ£ͷһһߣȥ
㿴׷ϣҪ룬Цһֱ趯ĵ֮֮ơ
Ĵ֮Уϯء֮ݣعѣһ㡣ӡ֤ԼĴ֮ͨΪֲ
ˣ
ΨļʶͨĿֲһ֣ӰϽܿҲӰʧ
һɽϣһɽ˲Ϊƽأǧʯǵꡣ
Ψĺͷɫ䣬ҪٴμϣǷѾԶľ롣ֻ׷ϣȻԷٶȲһ趯Ҫͣ
ȴһȵ޴Ҫ֣ɫ䣬Ӱ˲ˡ
λˣԵټʥʥŮҲˣԺڱǰǵõͷƳŵĻԶߡ
۾Χ绯ʱҲ͵ʩչ࣬һ۾ѪҷɳȥӰ趯ʧС
˿뿪һɫŹ֣ɢĲӰɫŹ
ǿﵽΨֲεʥӣκʥӶᱻɱȴȥ磬ǵƤ˿δ˵뿪ʥӵܣǶԷֲ̫
뵽ʥӱԸźߡ
ҲĿ㣬ǳ֮ɫʦһȷľҪԽ
ѪҺ˷ЩΪ÷ʥӣһ޵СΨʤҲܡɥʧԽģû뵽ص۵ĵǿ
ʦģںصУһҶȻһ


1026 ǲǴ
һսʥӣϢȥĴһʱҲ
һ漣ʥӼֲûʥΧδһȫˣһ漣ˡرΨʥ¡
ǵ۾˵ΧҲ˵δһȫˣһˣ
һһˣ
˲к߸һţȻҲŭ˲ѱʥӡܳΪʥӵһǰȻΨҶġ֮¡
ʱʥԣҪһϸ¡
һսӰǾ޴ģս۾˹ע㣬Ҫʶһ¶Էǲǿ
ȻҵĵжҲǲǿԸΨĺˡѵλһ⣬Ҫܰ⣬Ժݺݵĳҵˡ
Ψĺ˺һս֮󣬾ŷǰ˾ŷ塣
Ҫɱ˵ǿ߾ʵͣҲȥŷ¡ֻ֮⣬˳
֮෴ǣǰȥ鷳ĳȥЩĴ治ʥӣûбĴǿȥΧɱΨĺ˵ĴûϷ
Щͨ£֮ҪǼź͹壬ĵλ

Ȼ㲢ûЩΨһս֮󣬾׻ᷢЩҳô࣬ҪܰҵԼӪУ˵ģ͵ҲܰҶ
ӺΨ뿪һϿУϿлһ·ŲĶ˵¿һ·ôãҲӦó˰ɣ
Сƨ䵹ͦģ
Ļ£öż𣬴ջ߳һĵŮӡŮȳֵһ˫޳ȣȰͬ֬޳ԸС˫ȳ֣Ŀ鲻Խ棬ȻĻ꿪ʼ
Ṳ̊ϴżЦ⣬Цǧַ飬һͷ㷢£¶ѩĲ˶ظ֮ƺܰơϸ֫Լ޳һߡȫɢĵϢЩ鲻Խͬˮһ㣬ȥҧһڡ
Сһô֪ңŵǺ⣬һ˵Ļ·ŤͷԷ֪˵ºô󵨣Ȼ֪ԼԼֱϷһΡ
ŵ㣡ɵɵһҲǵԼϵζ㲻֪ζ𣿡㷭˷ۣǰĵĺȥŮ˵
Ļŵɻ󣺡ζû֮֬ģ
У㣡˵ŵ˵ʶŮʮ⣬Ѿųˡ
Ļŵһۣϸ۰׵ָ˵ĶͷСƨɫ˲ɣ֪ʶŮˡſŷԲʮﻹûбŮˣ
ŵָǱͷͬĦһ˳ץԼץסŵ֣Ҳ֪ǲǷ£ŵ޵ЦŮܺŵȣŵζƮòɢǶǷӶѣһȼѡ
˵ǺŵЦЦһ˵ܻŮ˿ġ
˵Ϊ׾ˣ϶ʺϺŮˡƽ˵Ҳֻ˵ʵѣŵ㵱컬ǾĴ󡣡
𣿲컬࣬ôˡ˵˵Ǹӳҵŵգˮһ۾ԣдŵ٩
㷭˷ۣŵģ˿һ۾ͺ޲óŵ㣬ֲҡΨȻ󣬲ѡ
ŵô˵ϵЦݸʤˣĿƵĿ㣬һ˿ȣ˵˿ҾǺ޲óˣңǲˣСһǲҲ
첻һԣˣ˵Լˣ˵ǵ͵ҳ顣
ŵץһֻ֣һֺֻݺݵһԴ˵СһСС;ͲѧãӶɫ뷨ߣһҪúýѵ㡣
㱻ü£Щֹ˭㳤ôˣֲġ
ҵĴˣŵɴһۡ
ЦЦϽתƻ⣬Ŀ⵹̲סŵɨô㶼ܿһƬѩ׵ķἡ̲ס
ŵƺҲע⵽񣬼װƿ̲סһЦٴһ˵Сһﻹ泤ˣҪҪһ
Ҫŵ˵ʲôû˵꣬ͷӦϽϵ
ŵŭ˫ۣһˮǳˣ
Ǹŵ򲻻ΪҰɣϽתƻŵʲô
ߣŵĻһһץִ֣гԺҪԶˣĨǵռҵıˡոɣ
ûŤͷʰһʯͷϿеһСϴˮƯ
治ʲôĺһҲʥΧȫˡŵЦſ˵ܷ˵˵ҵʲô
ɻĿŵдż־֮ɫŵ֪
侪ȣԼַԼ档Ϊ˲¶ȥԼ֪Ķ١رһֻΨĺ֪ŵһˣȻҲ֪
ҵԸҵģ֪ܲ𣿡˵꣬ŵȡһ䣬λҴĶ
ӹ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô϶ǻ似ˣֻû뵽ɻ似ľȻŵ
ŵʲôݣȻôΡֻǰҲľָ似Ķŵ
ҵǺܺ棬ŵ㵽ʲôݣֹҰǱôõʥ㣬Ϣ㡣۾ֱֱĿŵ
СͷҪҵĵϸ˵Һ㻹мԨԴŵЦеĿ㣬ʲôԨԴǾԼɡ
Ȼ֪ʲôƨԨԴſں˵˷ܰ˵Ŷ֪ˣ϶ҴҺŵһˣԣûĸҵʱ򻹶˵˵ŵƨɵģʺӡҪҰȢˣԭˡ
㣡ŵ࣬ŭ۵㣬ҧгݡ
ӣʲôŵҰɣ
ߣŵƨɣΪĻҵʱĸֹһοԲƨɰԵͷʱ⣬ڿĸ׻м˼ˣ뵽ĸĴŵɬޱȡ
ٺ˵˵Ͱ㶪ǰС㡣ŵݺݵĿ㡣
ʼ磬ڶԷвûзϡʲôЦҪԼܱһСˮǶʥӼˡ
ˣߣˡŵŤͷݺݵһۡ
Ͻסŵ㣬ץŵֲ֣ý㣡Ҵˣ´β˵ʵˡ
ʲôʵŵ۾㡣
ɨһŵظƨɣ˵Ժ˵ƨɾˣ



1027 
ŵصģĵϸǼҶܣ似ȻĪĹϵرŵ˵ЩԨԴɻ󲻽⡣
ĨҪ̽ŵݣŵڷ˿ûв̽ʲôݡ
ŵһĵŮܸеŵǰĻʱʱıŵöŵǰΡŵҲʱʱĶǵƫƫš
ŵȻҪǰôԸôʲô˾ʲô㵹Ǵ۸ɱѪҲҪ
ĥ֮ŵſЦ˼һ£֬죬ﳤߣһƬܰ㡣
㣡Ž㣬һġ
ŵ˵䣬Ӱ趯ͬԸһʧǰ
ŵʧһǵȣ㵹Ǹоż⡣Ůö˼ģôһߣ㷴Щˡ
㿴ŵʧʱ򣬶߶ϤСӵǻӣߺ֪ϡôֿˣҲ򵥣ˡ
Ϥһ֮ϲ͵Ťתӣվ󣺡ϣʲôʱģ
Ϻݺݵĵһ˵Ҫǻ֪ҪҵܻʲôˡߣһЩҲҪһЩϷϲˣ
ڨڨЦٺ٣ⲻôֻ취ˣкŮŲţкеļšⲻΪϢ˳
ĻҲƽϣﵽľ˵˵ˣ˵˺ν
ֻǣСӵǻ취ֶΰϢС룬ҺҪȻСΰܻ֪
һսʥӣҲս۾Ѿнĸ߶ǲˡﵽֵزɾˡϿҲЩ̾ˣһССļҶɳڿߵĴڣһ·Ҳرˣк£
һźʵϰæ
˵Ͽ˵ɫҲЩءƢȥȡ񽣶ûнæ˿ȴæ鷳ˡ
ϲ֪ǲǵҶ˼ʵеҶ˼Եһֱӿʵ
˵ǸеۼϢŮޣôҪҰæйأ϶˵ôò˸ͬһˣվǰҪнľһ㡣
㿴ŸĺϣϺ϶ѾˣһһһΪ˼ǣȻʶңǶ֮飬ȴǵúСӲ֪ʲôԭҪʺϣͬʱûа취ٴμǵң
飿ɫҲȡ
ˣϵ˵ϲֻǵۼһϢϻʲôϢЩĵʵǲǾϢŵҶ˼ʧģ
ҡҡͷȻϷҲǹϢλͨǿߣҲóͳ˺һҾ͸оϢһԣǹϢ˺
ҲһϢʲôɻ󲻽⣬ʲôȻҲġ
ϵͷʱֻŹעۼϢˣһϢ΢ϲ̫עԲ֪϶ͷǡҪټһ棬֪ʲôϢ
֮ʧʲôԭ򣿺ڴ֮ǰû᲻˶ֶΣļӡˣźϵ
ҡҡͷҪӡļѣϢͷͣҪӡļ䣬ʵﵽͨľ硣ҪȻ
ȻǷӡǡ
ü𰸺ܲ⡣
һҲ̫ҪˣܿһЩߡ
ϵĻͷǺܲܰҲʲôԭ򣿰Ѻˡ
ϿЦҡͷС̫ԼŮˣƽ鶼ңһ״ͷˣڣΪҡһ죬ŮϳԴ
㱻Ϻȳ⣬Ҳûһ飬ԺϵǰۼҵۼˣҶ˼㲢ǵۼˡҶ˼ĵۼϢνͣۼʲôܣ
źϣɻ֪Ҷ˼͵ۼʲôԨԴ


1028 ۼ
ϼѯʣһĬһŻ˵֪ۼ𣿡
˵ͷ˵˵Եۼһʥĺ֪Ҷ˼ʲôϵ
˵ҪϹ˵ʥΪ½֮Ĵ½һˣҲǻĺ֪ȻʵҪߵһС˵ĲΡȻпԽۼĴڣΪʥԵʣʵⶼñ˳˵ۼݡ
ۼģΪҲǱΪŮĴڡ˶Ϊ֮㵹Ĥݡĳ棬һֱֵ屻ƣʥ䡣̾һۼҲһŮӣ屻ƣʥϢѪĻܵ𵴣߻ħ߻ħûҪ߳ǰ̤һһС˲ΡΪŮɣۼ֮ʱҲʵ
ûдϺϣźϼ˵ţдͿӵۼòͷˣʥ֮󣬾ǰףʵ͹ΪܣҪȵۼ
ۼȻ֪ᣬԸȴޱȡʥеŭգͳֺͶԷսһ˶Է塣ۼҪʵ϶ǹĶ֡ʵǸ֮ȴСҲǵΪĹ壬ֲ˺ȻۼȴĴǣƵǹڳ֡Ǻ͵ۼͬһε˽֣ɽضҪƵģһսҲ˿ŵݳĩ
ۼʥ֮󣬾ͱ֮ģʲôʽͶʲôʽ˿ĸܣ£Էڱɱһսء춨˵ۼϵĵλɱߣҲʼɱۼ޴вɱ
һս֮󣬵ۼʧˡѰҲۼӰ
ˣڵۼɻʵеǱۼķ緶ȻֻֻƬҲܲ뵽Էźεȵľ绪
֪ѾΪһˣɱ֮󣬾ҲûټҲûϢ˴ԣȻɱڣҲ˲ζûϢҲȷʵŷģֱڣ˶ȷ𰸡
˵˶ټ˵Ҳѯûеõһ˿ϢǰۼҲδ֪ܵһۼΡֻѡŵۼΪܾ˶ڷˡֱҶ˼Ÿı䣡
ʲô˼ɻʵ
֪ۼΪʲôڵۼʧ֮δ𣿡Դ𣬡ΪۼչһӣѧȫڸŮӣȫǰԣۼȻʧɵۼȴתȻûƣҲڶۼǵһۼǸӡ
ӵеһۼȫѧԾܱȲϵһۼҲΪֲʵʥС㹻ˡۼǿıÿһۼŬ£ۼǴ½ʥ֮һλΪ󣡡
Ҷ˼ʲôϵʵ
Ҷ˼ϵĵۼϢԲǵۼ˻߳ϵϢԵۼģۼÿһۼǵܴеҶ˼ϣԡ
۾ŵĿź˵˵Ҷ˼ǵһۼĴУ⡭
͵˼£ʲôδֲ̫ˣһۼŮĴڣҶ˼ȻĴУ
ȻҲʮȷҲа˾ŷˡҪȻ޷ͣϵĵۼϢҵڵۼĵۼҪ峺һǵһۼû䣬˴СҶ˼õõĴУ
ĬϢ𺳵ġ뵽ۼҶ˼֮ϵúпܣ
ǰۼ˵Ҷ˼ۼ˼ֻۼѾһۼĵӺ˴УԸ黹Ҷ˼֮ϵ
ôһ˵ûܣֻҶ˼ʧ仹ûʲôϵѵۼĹܰ˵ļ䣿Ϻ͵ۼйӦúɣʵ
ۼĹͳϾʥĺ֪ʥָԷǼĹϡΪʲô㣬бԭɡ˵ϵһϢйأֻǹϢҲ൱ͳӦҲϻش
ϵĻشоͷۣһֻ鷳ǰȥ鿴ʲôԭˡ
Ҿɡﵽ˵ۼεҲ˵ȫܲ̽˵׼ǡ
ҧ촽ɫЩÿĵ˵ͷ⻹оǣԺϺ͵ۼǳ
һ仰úɫЩȻۿȳ˭˵
ֹϲǹϵۼ˰ɣŵǺֿܣҪȻ˽ȥĵۼΪʲôúϽС
ͲҪˣ㿴źϺȻ˵ۼҪʦĸĻҲԼˡҶ˼ҲԼˣǵһۼĴߡӦì֣ܳҪҪȥȰȰߺദͦõĵĺûбҪҶ˼ʲôҺȨˣҲۼ⡣
Ͽһۣ֮˵ԿʦĸһӦòۼ
仰ȻԷ㲻ʦĸҲԺͺĹϵҪȻôҴӦ
Ǿ鷳ˣϺϵôˣźϡ
ϿһۣһЩ鷳һ취㲻õġֻΪԵʣڴ½Ҳ̫ܰࡣԼҪС¡ʱ㿰˵۾ֻҪһЩҲܺߴ½ˡ
˵⣬϶˶ټ˵Ǵﵽ۾ĲΣһʵŷǣͨ۾ǾͺѹˡҲ㣬Ҳ㡣ҲԼ顣
ͻƵ۾ܰ𣿡ź˵
ҡҡͷһֻܿԼﵽΣҲ̫ܰ࣬ϾԼ߳ģ㲢ǴҵĵԣһлÿԼľΨṩһЩԴҵѡ
ʼ磬ҲʲôԴƽʱ䲻ߣҲλ
Ͽ˵ǣͱ˻ͬġ˴ﵽʥӼٽẒ́˵ĵӡһЩǲ뵽ʥӼҪٽһѡ㲻ͬĵǱģ㾡ȫӡ֤ĵɻнռ䡣˻ʥӼѾڵ۾µĶ壬㻹ܸһΡֻҲбףҪһΣҪͻƴ沽۾͸ѣϾ̫Ҫͻ͵ҪͻƼҪһͻƣҪԶԶƽʥͻܴﵽĸ߶ȡԣԼҪ߻ͻơ
ܳɳ۾һź˵
ϵͷ˵㲻֪ʥ֮ϻһˣ
ʲôˣɻʵ
Ͽ㣬һһ䣬ɫ˵ڵһˣ˹ǽС


1029 
˹ǽСӣ
ϰҧļΪأһһ俴¶
ӣ
㶣Ȼ֪ʲôǴҲĲͬӣ֮ӣ鳶ϹϵģȻ򵥡
˵㻹ûֱ۵˽⡣ҪǸ㣬ʮһܴﵽͨأƺ᲻ЩͬϿ˵
ʲô͵ĵɴ۾ֵĿźϣɫ͡û˲֪ͨʲô˼۾ͿԳнˡͨˣĤݡ
ĴڣѾġϹ֮Ĵڶ䡣Ȼ֪ЩĴڣ˿ͨѾǴ˵Ĵڡ
ɣܳɾ֪ͨӵĿֲȻֻһ룬ɾͨѣһѾˣɾͨһֻѾ̤ͨĵһ
ܿ뵽ʲôź˵ȵȣ˵ʮһɾͨǺǡ
ɴ۾Ŀźϣһֱ˶ԺǴ۵ĴڡȴòֹҪȻôںϵ塣һֱȷѣں˵仰ԲǸ˵ľ硣
ϵͷ˶ֻ֪ҴﵽۣΪڴﵽ֮ûгˣʹͻˣҲ֪
ȻϴﵽͨЩΧɱ㣬ʲôôܺ鿹⣿ɻ󣬡ԷǿߣʥΣ
Ϊұƣʵܷӵ£Ĳܿȴۡš̾һҲź⡣
ô˵۾ͨʵȻҲҪΡĶԹܲеġ
ԭˣϵӣź˵÷λѩǰҲӣ
ϵͷһűʥӲ֪ƽһѵóһһȻʮ֮ࡣ
զ಻ѣʮͬһ֤һĻԻˡͬһһҲޱȡ
㲻ҪȣһʮӣһҲ̫һʥԤħһ˲֪תһۼ֣Ҳ֣ж֡ⶼˣһϹ֮緶ֻ壬һ¶֡ϵѹСϵ˵ΪˣϢһȥǲ˻ᾪ
ͷ˵Ȼ֪һֱҶѪ֮±Ƿ֡
ԣϷϣܳΪӡΪĳΪͨǱҪϣ㲻֮󡣡Ͽ˵
ʥӺӵĲж󣿡ź˵
ɨһ˵ʱ㣬ڶѪ֮ʩչ£ǰܺͬȼӽ֣ܶʤ١⻹Ӳõ̵¡
ôǿоȣдż֮ɫԼʵս۾ʥӡȴδ뵽ȴ˿ֲ
ÿһӶĽӣ֮ӡǼ򵥵ģʥ䲻٣һٸʥҲܳһӡȻҪԶԶʥӼڴս۾ܰأѾͨķ緶ϣˡʵɵͨӶ޷ȵġ
ҲԼıͨԼġǸֶӡˣͨӡȱͨңߵҲԼĵʱǱΪһˣҲûдͨﵽ۾֮󣬲ųɵӵԼıֹͨЩ˲ͬϹžǿתӡͨڴ澳ϣѹơ
ԺϿҾӻжԶľ룿ź˵
˵ҲԱˣѾơϾѾɵǱʥ޷ﵽĸ߶ȡֻڴĸϲһѣʵһǿܽӵķ롣
һ㵹̲סһ˵ĵɣ֪һĳ̶ȶ𣿴ﵽΣҪһ㶼ѣ˲ĲΣǺϾȻ˵ҪһܴﵽӵĲΣⲻǳĶ
ϼˣЦЦ˵ȷʵЩΪ㣬֮˵ҪҪࡣһӣЩǿתߴҶ˼ӡǴﵽӲαҪǧ򱶣Ϊߵǰ˵ĵ·ǰ˾ǿߵĵӡϣһʼĻͲǱܿȵġ
˵ͷҲЩΡ˵ˣʥӼǲҲŴеǣһǧԼһ·֪ķѶѪȴܽŴУһ·ϣһ͵Ĵ
ʵ϶ԶΪֱӳϡȻҲȥܰµ۴ˣ֪ʱǿ˵ҲﵽʥӼˡ
ǴеͬһԼĵϺ޷ġ
ЩһӣԼôࡣҲﵽֲΣǻо롣
ǾˣȴߵĵŵףԼ·;ңԶȻܿԼĿ·ǰ˵·;ϡ
Ҳ̫⣬ȻӼ޵УҲǽĳɾһߡʵϲǰ˵ĵҪﵽӼ졣ܴﵽãﲻҲҪǿ˵㣬ﲻӼҲ߳ǵĵ
һź˵Ҿɣ
㲻Ըڱ󣬲˵޵¡֮ͬУԸˡ
ȻҲ֪ҪﵽӼѣǿ󲻵ãֻܾ
ӺϵĻ֪ܴﵽӵͨ͸пܡһĪջ
зִͺãϷȻϣ㲻ˣͬҲϲǿһ˳Ȼͺá˵Ҷ˼飬Ϸȥ鿴ſĻԼǣкôһԼĶŲߣҲܵӰ졣
С֪Ǿ鷳ˡش
ϵ˵ͷƾճһ򣬵ݸ˵ϷǰһЩúÿӦЩ
ϵĻ¶ϲɫֽӹϵݹ򣬺Ǻεĸ󣿾Բһͨ
ԺҪңֱɽҪֶΡ˵֮䣬һƣ˵ⶫţɽóⶫǻúдġϷȻڣʲô飬ҲΪ
ӹƣһе֪ɽϿ·ߣ㵹ǲҲֻɻǺ˵ԷԸɽˣɽ˺ǿɣ
Ȼ֪ҪǱ֪ɽʹˡΪط˿ڵۼֻ֪ļٶѡ
ȻҲ֪ѾɽˡҪ֪Ļ϶һ
ϰ鶼֮ѯһҶ˼ڴûʧ
ʧҲ˼˼ϼȻæȥ鿴ΪʲôԭԼٵҲáҪǺ϶̽Լûа취ˡ
ϣ֪ԭɣ૵ĿźʧķҲʧС


1030 ˭
ŵĻ似˼ٴηŵ似ϡŵĻ似Ǹ߲εģҲҪķѲʱ䡣Ȼ֮ǰĻ似ԡ
ôҲԶ׼ģЩ似㷢ľʵ΢ϲѣﵽΣܳɳһ㶼ǼĽ似Ȼɳ
㶼ǲǻȥңٴαչ˵Ż似пܴﵽӵĲΡ
뵽ԼҴʱʹͷ
ȻгȻȻʼ似似ʺģرָ߲ε似ǳĵ۸ӵϣ֮ĸӾͻ
Ѿӡ֤ԼĴ޷ʲôǾֻڴ֮Ļ;似ȴЧ
ʳʹ֮ԽԽϣ֮Ҳӵľͻʵ΢ȻӵĲλԶ
ͬʱҲǰšһū˵ĳн۾Ȼ㲻֪ԼûãҲҪȥԡϾҪûͳ֪ܴﵽ۾
ûʱȥȻȻҪԼǰ˵Ŀĵˡ
밵ŲԶʱȴоưüͷĿ⿴һ
һ߳һˣһȺȫ۲ƣɢļµϢΧλá
˭㿴һȺˣдżɫЩİȻŲơ
ң壡Ϊ׵һ߳㵭˵㹫ӱ
ǣеһˣ򣬾֪Ҫǡ
˵Լǳ壬껪ѪǶȥˣһȺ㼥ĿŶԷ˵
Сӣ˰ɣӡ꣬ʱ˼Ŀ㣬ŭ⣬ŭȴ
ڶԷıŭδţ˵仰֪ʲôȻлѪǴѪǳģԳǳ壬ȴлѪҽȻ෴ԡ
Ϊ׵߿ҪȥסˣЦҪ˵ǻȲ㣬ȻӳңžͷɱһʦҲϣұȲ㡣
ߣһŶԷЦ²ۣȻַΪ˺֪ѣңΪ˾ǸƮȻڶɱ
ʮЦٲ˭Ҳ˵˭߿Це˵ΣҲҪ㣬ܸһŵĵطϾͬһڣҲһˡ
Σһۿ˵ַҲҡ
Ҫ˴ΨλʥʥŮǿ϶ưոݣ׷ɱľǾͷˡ֪ܵס۾һסǳأ㻹ܵסҪǼ壬Ǳ֤İȫԲ㱻áĽ㲻߿Це˵
㿴ŶԷǴżûʲôøУǲҪˡ
ȻˣֻԶˡ߿˵ǻӵʮгȥ̬ͣȣǾֻǿˡ
ǿʲôЦ㲻ɣҪסҵġЦӰ趯ֲϯһ𶯾ŷơ
һֱɨһȺߣʯ쾪ҪɱЩߡ
󣡡ߺһʱЩŵ۵ĵ۳Ļ£ҪӡСһĻ֮£ķ顣
СѣЦŹĻЦ۳ѹĻһ󶴣м
ոռһ£ŷĲҪѹ
㲻ܣֱӭȥһ㱻ĵɳȥ˶ԷĶ棬ɫ
߿ĹȫˣɫҲ¶˼־ȣȷʵֲʥҪǿһʥȻֲҪɵĵסһȴ
ѹЩ˵ҪѶԷ£УȷʵʸҪǶԷУںݺݵĳһơԸңǻѪɡ
뵽⣬߿ӣгң㿼һΣ
ȥĳ⣡˵֮䣬Ϊצݺݵһץ˹ȥ
ŶԷץһӴ߸Ͻ趯Ҫ㡣
ЦҪɱһ澳ǻܵס˵֮䣬˲Ͱһ澳ץУһץ֮䣬Էĵ۱ɢͷѣһ߸ϵĴ澳ǿߣڷ
һĻŲٴǿɫ壬ԭΪԼɵĴɵʥӣԷٶ̫죬Ȼ־ץһ澳ǿߣ׾١
ԪϣЩ澳ǿߴ󺰣ȡ
߼ٴץһ澳Ӱ趯Ҳ㣬񱩶ŷ˲㣬һ˴ߡ
´󣬷лٳ֣Ҫɢᡣ߶ߺ
˵˵ͷɴңңԣС
һ֪Ĵ̺ǿҲףҪܿ۾ɱԷѶȡңҲԸɱ
µľ֣Ȼϲֻʱ򣬻ҪһϷѡ
㿴ŶԷ˵Ӧ˵ˣһ߻ս۾㵲סҵġұԼҲս۾Ҫٵ·𲻻ͬһ϶֡
Ȼ֪ǿҪֳʥأ᲻ỹĵ߹ЦͻȻһѳǹǹ֮Ϸ򲨶ķϣɢļµϢ
ɫ˱䣬ŶԷеĳǹһ˵㵱Ϊκε𣿱Ҫߣ㻹ס
˵䣬ӰԶ䡣
ߺһֲǹӰ˳ȥҪ¡
ٶҲ磬ǹӰϣʧһɶ
ǣձû˼նȻҪԶӰʧ
ʧҲû׷ֻǿµһʬɫѿ
Ȼսʥӵ¶£һӰ˳Ӱһ߸Ͻӵ£
ӵ£ɫѿĿ߳꣬ǲң˵ɱɱ
ǺǣҪǱһ˵ңһҪɱ֮ˣҵǷһЩ˵İɣӲҵĵġ


1031 ׷ɱ
Է˵Ҷ޷Ź֮⡣ȻΨĲǰ׷ɱ㣬ȴ϶֣һ·оͷ㣬֣һδΣҹ𵴣ÿζմӴܡ
ʵң룬ǶԷȴƶᣬ׷ɱ㡣ҲǴֱʣһ־۾Ƶţһ·Ӵܡ
ԷǺģֲֳֻֿĵ趯־Уаɱ˼
˼ʶ֮˵սǾǿͬҲͷĺģ趯ʽܰѲ񷶼ƣִҪء⿴òզ಻ѣ
һ·ս˹ȥձܿԷһδΧɱȻҲʱʱǰҪ˵㣬ҪӹҾͷĹ
ȴʲôܣҵǰȰǳ֣֮ҵ˸ߣŭ𡮹֣
£սѪҺҪڣʹȵ۾ʵϵ׷ɱ¡ɴ˲ơ
ʹӵ绯ڶԷÿһͷֳ־Ʒ£Щסÿ㶼ǶͨͻƶԷΧȻߡ
Ȼڱ˿ǲŵġһ澳ֳ־ƷͷߣֱǷ˼ͬģҲ̾Ҵֱʣͷֳ־Ʒ׷ɱһˣȻǰ㿴ļأűɱ֮ġ

ٴζñͨƿͷĹӰʧ˵İΧСյһˣһȺȴվĿtߡ
ӵ£ǻҪСӲβѾˡÿһǹɱ֮ˡҪѡһ澳̾˵
˵ҪһʥӼôĻӺķôʲôʥȻʥӵİôҲȻ֮ǰûʲôøУԸҲⲻǾҪʱϲȴòʱҲ˵ģ
Ļ˶һۣΪ׵ľͷ˵ô˵
İɣǱɱˣ۾ҲͰˡÿһƷƷ󣬾Ҳ˵óóǶôǮȻҪɱ㡣϶ԴУʱֻҪкʵĻᣬ塣Ц˵˵Ӧллң׷ɱԽԽпܱ
żߺһ·׷ɱȥͷҵľͷҲҡҡͷ˵Ҳ㱻ǵжԵǲ׷ɱҪء
Ǻǣ߰ɣкϷˣǺǿϱȲϡͷļΧĹ£ҲˣӸոӴӦ˲ƣʱҲֵǳˣЦ
˵꣬Ӱոռķ׷ȥ

һ·䣬Ҫ˵׷ɱͬʱѹзڵѪͷֳ־Ʒǿֲģǵʵķһ㾡ܽ绯֣ܽҲ˲ᡣ
ģİɣҪɱɡдĳ˸֪飬ڲûиԼҵԼ־ǾУѪ
ȫȫĹ᳹Ҫסÿγֶ£ƵҲֻȫԸÿʩչͨ󣬲ܴƶԷİΧ
쵰Σ֪һЩҪٴαԷΧȫ֪£Χ˵ɲʲô¡
ʩչңμ䣬һƬƬӰ£һȴԶ
һűȳ£ֲ֮䣬˺أɫһòܿͬʱֵסһನ
䡭һ죬ǰ棬һ۾ǿߣ۾ǿߴӰ趯
Է㲻СӣֻܴʮֵľסԷĹ
ԷҲż㣬ֻǰסλͬ߰Χ
֪ԷĴ㣬սȻֲĵ֮䣬ѡһ䣬ܰһж˺ѵķ飬ֱԷȥ
ǿֲģҪһĵ۾ͷۡǶԷȴֳֵ趯͵һ𣬱֮İһ
䣡
һ죬عѣݣľĴ䣬һɨ֮䣬ز
ͶԷԵı̶ʱ䣬ԷͬҲԴԶΧ룬ٴǵİΧȦ֮С
ģ
һ绯ߣۿˡ
ҪûоƷ˺֣绯¡ϾƷ֣˾ͱѹƣǶԷĶ֣ԷȶֲѪ
Ҳ취ȥһֵıˡ̾һһֲľıǾ񽣡ƫƫԼãΪЦá
㣡־ܰɣʵķϣһ˵飬ٹҵġаΧһ۾ͷ˵֮ɫǺ͵ġǿ˾ù֣ʥӵʵս۾ΨĶҪǿʵľʺҵʥӡ
ƫƫ˴ΪһŮҶҪˣɱ˺;ͷǴ
ϧˣҪȻ԰һˡƫƫһҪ˲Ҫɽ̾һʮϧ
㿴˵Ǹұ֤صһ¶ûҪܱ֤ǻȥΣƫƫҪأȻΪУôҲֻзˡ
ķʣԷ̾һ˵Ҳұ֤㲻һͷ뱣סġ
ЦɹˣҪǰûȥؽأҲҪӦɣۿŶԷ˵λҪΪҺãͷ뿪
ҡҡͷ˵õǱðûȥԣһҪߡ
ǾҪǵֶˣۿŶԷ磬ֲսⲻϵĳ㱾Ҵһִ𵴳ļµгϣȻ
ɣ㲻ǵĶ֣һ۾ȰĲߵҵĶ档ƫƫ治¡
ǲǴ֪һ𵴶ͬһɨĽܹᴩһߵҪ
˼ˣΣҲգȻִˣǾͱǲ
˵꣬˽²ȶӿ򣬰С趯绯ȥȶֲɨ֮䣬ﶼΪ֮ɫɢ۾֮¶š


1032 Ҫʥ
Ǽҵģײһ𣬸־ȥϯعѣɽ屻ɣݡ
˵ĴǼҵģ绯Ϊһ壬񣬵һʮֲֳֿ־Ʒ߽һ
ҲǷˣܴﵽ۾ÿһǼ򵥵ġǱĴҲޱȣֱҪҪңΣѾԷſˡ
ǣңΣɱѪϣ˽Ʒ绯̫࣬ʹžʽ㶼޷סˣ˱㲻ϵѪ
䡭
ٴһιϯľ磬𵴶绯Ϊ֮˳ȥȵ𵴣жȫ㣬ĿѪҺѪҺͬѪһȾһ档
㣬ְɣڷ֣üһ۾ٴȫ
б¾ɱ˱ҪȻ͸졣Цޱ۾֮Ӱ֮Уޱ޵УΨҶ𡣡
һ绯мһӰӰӣǾļ֮ӰгǾޱ۾ϣ޵ƺͿ񱩵ĳڣӰһƺܺ񷡣
һ£۾ǿҲСӣ趯еӿ֮һ֮䣬ݣѷѿ
䡭һ죬ֲĳ֮ϯƲͱɢʯ쾪֮һЩܵһ߶̲ס
˽֮أû˸ҿһѣһΪȴֲֵͬѡһ˵ıŭ
ĳϵϯӲ֪
ͶԷٴαķֿ˿ҲɫءǺ˴ҪǴоƷ绯Ǹκβ˶Է
ӵоƷ߷ķҲǼΪͷۡսôೡ޷סԷ
СҪǻܳɳ˵߳Լ֮·̾һӺѳɾ͡ңҪѡǰ꣬ȴǱ
һתʹУƾԼ֮߳·м㵱ǵڣҲתųΪ
ȻͬӣҪ֮߳·ҪǿһġȻҲҪѵĶࡣǣϣǿǱ
ֻԼɵųԽʥӵʵⶼ֮·Ŀܣ
뵽ЩǸӾÿϧһ쵰ΪʲôͰ˲ɽأҪңҶġҪʲôŮ˵òƫƫΪһŮˣ治顣
˾ɺޣۿ㣬ӵĿֲϵĳ㡣
Ȼ޷õǾֻܻٵǾԲῴߵǵĶ棬ǱҪߵǵĶ档Ǿ鷳ˣ
ʱǻܶԸǵȶԷһﵽ۾ҪԸͼˡﵽ۾˵Σκε
ԣδﵽ۾֮ǰ͵ʰ㡣
뵽⣬˱Ϊֲɣ
˿񱩵𵴶ھƷļӳ£ٴοѪҺƷֲ̫ǵʵһ
䡭䡭
似ʩչɶԷǿķƿ绯κβ˶Է
һ䣬ڷѪսȥˡʹǿȿֲŵĿĴ£ǳܲסǣҵƷ绯ʱľϾͻᷴ
뵽Щҧģ۳ɵ࣬໯Ӱǧ⡣ĵ֮䣬޾ϵĳֱֱĳ
ǿֲģΪıͨܰ绯Ρ
סԲͨٴ뿪˴󺰣Χ㼸Σÿһζʩչͨߡ
ȻоѹʵͨȴܴһȱڣҲ޷סңΣοߡ
ٴʩչһ׼еĵ˳ѷ֮ʩչ£ȫ䵽֮Уû˿֡
۾ȫ֣ʱŻصǰԵģڵ֮ϡȻûͨȴ˿֮ͨ
䡭ľ𵴶
ֲմ˺ڶ߽ĳ޷ݣܵһжΪƽأʮ֮ڵɽ𣬶籩ϯ
绯ʩչĵ࣬ڶԷ£ıסֲĺˡ
㱻ǿɣһѪҺ³ɫ԰סƷ趯ĵ۳ϣһش
㵥ֳ壬ҲѹڷѪӰܱߣ㣬־ܰɡʱʩչͨҲ޷룬ѾشˣսȥҲ档
ҪǲأۿŶԷ˵ƴһѣܱĺá
ҪˣǾͱǲԷһϯ˹ȥ
׼ֵʱȴ߳˼ӰȤ˼ҲԸǻȥǺαҪΪ˼ң
ɫ͵һ䣬߳꣺㣿
λǰ벻ǰǵ¡꿴Це˵
ʲô˿ʥӳ֣ЩѺõĿŶԷ
λǰֻǰȥ͵ġûкλǰΪе˼Це˵Ŀ⿴㣬йҾϲİǣ
ۿ꣬񲢲Ѻá
ҲΪ⣬ЦŶ˵ҲˣȫҪءȻֻǱΣô˵Ҳһڣ
ŭ
ҲŭǺЦֿҪңֻǽ֮ΣԽ⡣Ҳܴӽ˲ɸ߸ϵĿ䡣ֶ˵ˣϲɣ岢ɣֶҪǣԷ˲ɽҪ⣬Ҳܿ޵Ļʧɫɡ
ۿ˵壬Ҫʥӣòã
仰ҲŭЦ˵ûȨޣ˵ͷʥΣһʥӣҲ׳ơ
ãҪʥӣҾͼ塣һ˵ҪȻ͸ҹ
һ˿ȣǲ󷴵Ǹã˵ЦЦ˵޷ϸ𰸣Ҫļ壬ֵʵʥҲϣġ
꽻̸۾ȴŭѣ㣬ôۣܺͬ
ɨ˶Էһ˵ҲʥӵλŮ˶Ҫɱ׼ȥʥˣ
ҪңɱģǾԲԸ⿴Ĺ塣
꿴˵ǺǣҪɱֿɲǣ򣬲⡣


1033 
ҵĲ֣ԷҲκβ㡣ڲУ㱻ߡ
дѣͬеǡǿǿģվǵĶİʱԷĶҳ֣ǾǳǼˡ
طԷҪ㣬˸ûа취ֻĿʥһͬ뿪

ȣϹʱԳĴڶʱȴҵĴڶһļΪٻţһԴ༫࣬Ũ续
ˡ˵ڵ쳣˵ġϾܰ£ңǺݺݳһơ
峤ĶӶԸңⲻôǿռϷ硣
ɽģһ·ɽȿʼҲǣһطгɾ
㣬ҪΪʥӵ黹Ҫ峤ȥ泤ϣ˴ȥһطʱס¡˵
뿪һ澳˵ӣҴȥϢ
㿴ŶԷʵǻӵס
Էһ㶣ǵ˵ͷָָһ뵲ƵĹʥӵסĵط
˳ۿȥһڳȵʥܱߣҲΪݻ
סŶԷ˵
ʱС˵ĹԷشʥӵų֮ٸӻס
ɨһ۶ԷһŶԷ˵˭ģ
йµԪϹԷ˲õԤУϽ˵ԪٳʥصģԹµԪеλߣʥӵ£Ҳ»
·ûԷƵģĿ⿴ͬ뵲ΧĹ⹬ݻĹ١
ڼߵעУָ㶯ָһ˵Ҫһ
һ仰üɫ䣬û뵽ô޺ź򣬾ȻոңӵʥӴ
Уͬ˵
ɨһЩˣ˵ҪһҪأ
⼸Ҳ֪Ҫ£ֻܵȰӣԪס֮ʥӵ¶Ҫֱ档˵ȥľȥġӻίһɣʥӵȥʥдǣǻһĹġ
ɨ˼һۣǶҼˣġӦʥӵλȻʥӣȻû˵˼еĴҪ
⡭ͷۣȴѡ㻹δʥӵĵλأܻܲ˵ȻʱͿʼҫˡ
ӣǲȥԪϵĹҲûȨޣԡɵϣͷ
ûȨޣǾȨ޵˵㿴ŶԷ˵ǿӲԵ
߶һۣҲЩϲЩ˵ҪִˣҲܲˡҪסȥԪ˵ɡ
ЩͷֻҵһӶѣⲻҫȻܵˡ浱Ҿͺ۸ɣҪб£Ԫó㡣
⼸˵仰Ҳϣ֪ѶˣǵԼݡҪΪԼеʥӣ
ԭΪ㱻ôһ˵϶򡣵û뵽ǣȻڿնһλȥҲգȻ˵Ҫȥ˵Ǳȥ
û뵽ţҵĵҲļȥ˴󼱣ӻ
ǵĻӰ趯ٵŹȥ
ģһڴɫ԰ףҪԪṬֳǶѲ˸ϵϾʥӵ¿Ǻúõİġ
Ǽ㣬ȴûٵŹȥ⼸Ҫס㣬ٶȡ
ҪˣżѣŲϼȥ㣬
̫СźͰԵˣԭΪڱ˵ĵ̻һЩ뵽ԷЩһҪҪõܣҪʥӵĴʵˡ
ģôΪһŮ˷ءԾŰԵģ֣֣
ЩˣոӦñİ취飬Ƕ
ս⣬ֱֱ䵽ԪϵĹԪϹշѹȥԪϹݻҲ׳ۣŵﶼǴܼ
˿ǰ㣬ܵǵƣ̲סǻǴ˼־񣬿˵˭ԪϹҰ
ɨ˶Էһۣƴ˵˵Ԫϣ⹬ҪˣԺΪʥӵ
仰һ㶣ܿ˾͹ЦķӣԲѡԣôģȻʥӡ˰ⲻ֪ðļһˡ
ֱһЦŹڴ󺰣Ұǲ֪ˡ
֪ˣһֱӿֵۡ
Ĵ濴һĻɫ͵Ĵ䣬ӣסְԪϹְܶ
ǵȰеĵ˳ȥƿֱ֮ܶȥ
Ҳû뵽˸ǳ֣¶֮ɫҪܿͱܲǵϣ䴩˳˿ڡ

˲ҽһڵϣӿɹѪҺȻһûҪǵڴϼˡ
߳Щ߳˶֣˲䱩ŭΧ룬׼֡
ļ߶ʱ󼱣ϽҪ֣Ҫ֡
żĺֹ˹ߣǿеļλߣüͷΪ׵һʵλߣô£
߸Ͻ˵һᣬλ㹫ӣصҪԪӦ֪ϾҪΪԼˣҪɱ
㣿Ϊ׵Ǹüͷûˣֻмô˵Ҳü֡һ㣬ż˵ҪȥԪϡ
Ҫ˭ңһЩ˵ȥԪϣ⹬Ҫˡס
һ仰ü̱ڵϣɫ԰ףˣĳͻɱˡ
Ȼһ仰ŭԪԺˣǶŭʲôԪϹҲȾָģ
Էŭδ˵꣬һƳ˳ȥһƳһ߽״߾ȻĻᶼûУͱɳȥİӡӡϣҲѪҺ
ʲôҲҶԱСУ˿ҲÿһҲҽУ۶ŶԷðɱ⣬ŲűɱǼ



1034 
Ҫ˭ɱˡһŭӹбһӰϯ쫷磬Ķ棬磬ɫޱȣֱֱĶ㡣
Ԫϣȥ㣬˶ųֵ߹
ӶԷѹϵƣŶԷ˵ˣã⹬㡣һʱ˴ߡ
ԪĻЦΪֹЦЦӺĵߵڵһԪϾͷδ˶Աˡǵʥӵ£Ҳ棬ʲôֻҵһӶѣȻҫ
͵˼֣Ԫϵ˵ҪġǱҪġǣҲҪһЩ
Ԫԣ߸Ͻм䣺ӣԪϣǶǺεôΪһ󶯸ɸ꣬ȥ֪ͨʥӵ£һĴΡ
㵭˵ˣҾҪˣʥӹʺϡ
˭ӦǵʥˣԪŭһĶ㣬ѾӵʥӣҲǸһĵλʥӵĵλҲ롣
ԷĻЦһǿɲ㣬ٴظһ飬һСʱ
ԪҲŭˣ֪ʥӵºеĴмƻҡ֪жӣû뵽СŵֵزȻһоͶ֡
ԼΪͷ£ȻȲʥصĴУҲޱȵǣԷȻֱƵͷϣܵˡ
˵ʥӣֻǾÿЦѡѾһʥˣôһʥӣرҵӡ
̫߿ԼˣȻ˵ĻǱͺúý̵㣬ѧѧҵĹأ޷졣߶㣬֮ɫһ⣬㡣
ЦһŶԷ˵ƾҲʰ㵱Լʲô
˿⼤ŭﲻžҪԽǿƣԽǿءԼҪǵǻöԷԼĿġԼǿӲףԷȴԼԸ
˵ҪôһġҵˣԺԼҲǲǵġǵľͷҴʲô
ȻһĿľҪʵʥӵλãܶԷԼʥӵ壬ԼĴһҪʥӵĴ
Ԫϱ㼤ŭҲ˲ñģҪƾŷѹ㣺㵱ԼʲôձͰѹˣ㿴Լ
ԪϣҪߴ󺰣д󼱡߸ǵĻֱӿȥ
߲֮ˣ趯ܿģҪǲСıеĻֻ·һ
ֻǵԪϲȰҲŭ⣬㵱һӲɣͷΧ¶ȫˣһκεʲôʱԿ»Լ
ɿԪϷ趯ѹȥ̾һҲԶԶȰ衣
ҲգǴһСӲ۸
ڼεͬʱ趯ƶԷķִ֮ȫĳգһж˺ѵķ飬ԷķҲƣڷ֮⣬ĵĿŶԷ
ԪҲһû뵽ԷȻƿķǲ˼ġ˵ֲսʥӶܣʱҲû⡣ʱ򣬲ʥӺʹǵۣҲʥشΪʲôҪִ£ˡ
ѹָˣ澳Ǵ澳Ȼ֪ƿ򣬵ոֻѡԪϿ㡣
Цһʮֲм˰ɣǰʩչñʶһ£кεºռĹ
ȥʶǿĴߣ˶ۿ㣬ȴ㱻Ԫʰһ澳ս۾ԼԪϵȨһƵġ

Ԫϱŭһķת磬趯֮쳹Ǭϯϰ˻ģ㱩ȥ𵴶֮տݼţرѡ
㿴ŶԷ趯ЦעһЩѱĹˡ
˵֮䣬ڿն𣬼䵽ƶ֮Уɢļµս⣬ɽӣȭӰ趯֮䣬۲𵴶֮䣬գƴޱȣ𵴶ſֲ쫷ιأչѣĪĳֱֱĳԪ϶ȥ
ֲ潻棬ӲӲĳǹⶼȥϣ۾ǿ߻Ҫǿ㡣㾡ƿԷ򣬵ϵĺˣѪ
˲ٰҪȵ۾ʵҪﵽӲпܡ̾һ
㱻ɣԪһʵҲǰҫͰѹˡ
˵֮䣬Ԫϵķ趯۲һ𣬻ââ趯նƾ졣
߼ԪռһϷҫ̲ס̾һǲ֪ǿӲӲĶ֣ʵĻ۾ҲռݲϷ硣
Է趯ķѹ̲סҡҡͷ
㿴ŶԷ𵴶ķһͶԷӲһβǼһԼ׺͵۾Զ˿̼ԷˣȻɵ潻
趯屩貵Ĺâ趯ңʩչ£Ӱ趯֮䣬һ似ϯŶԷɨ˹ȥ
ʽ಻ʩչԪɫ˱䣬ԭΪԼѹԷڶԷ಻ʽ֮䣬òʼס㣬޷ס㡣
۾ҲˣۿŶԷ˵⹬ҲãҲá
ĻԵ֮µһ˶㶵Ŀ㣬ŽּңѾսŹ㣬жżֺȻ֮ɫ澳͵۾ս൱ֱ˼
ǲ֪ս۾սʥӵϢǿһĻޱȣĿ㣬дž֮ɫ
ͶԷս൱趯սȻڵ£ȫ趯ŵ⣬¹һ㣬ɫ죬ʽϳǧ
£Ԫϲɣһ趯ס಻ĹΪ۾ǿߣȴûռݵһ˿Ϸ磬սͬѪڡ
˿֪Էǿֵزʥӡս޷ŵġ

ԪϺһ䣬ʥʩչȥҪƾɱ㡣
㿴һĻ۶ŶԷʥӼƿǷ򣬲ĸʥӣǶκβرǱ𣬱ɱ㡣
ŵǬһһ䶯ޱȣпռ֮ɿռ䣬ĵ⣬Уľ޵һնȥ
һͨһ۾ֵסɫأ趯ȫķ㵲˹ȥܵס
ɾʱȴаһЦԪŲõԤУȻ󺰣ֱ趯࣡


1035 
һ쳹Ǭ֮䣬޴ϯʮɼĿֲ𵴶֮ֲ㡣쫷ϯɽӡ
һˣ˾ĿձѵһĿɿڴĿ֮ϡ
Ӱֿ㱻ɶԪҲѪɳȥɫ԰׵³һƬѪҺ
ݺݵϣնһ飬һѪҺ³Ȼ˲Сƣڻ˼Զľ֮סӰԹ֮ɫ
ڶԷԹӶʵҪش۾һѵģʩչࡣҪȻҲֻܺ͵۾ս൱ѡ
ɴʹڶԷˣԼʩչͨ£㲻һش˲ơ
ŵ۾ԪϼȻѪҲðź⡣оò˼飬һ澳Ȼĵ۾Ѫˣֱһ漣
һƬžֱֱĿվˡ
ҲˣԴ˹˰ɡҪϢˣ㿴ŶԷ˵
ԪɫĶ㣬˴澡ʧˡ̫ССˣץס˻شԼʱǱԷ䣬ЩܲˣһǿӲ˵û
㿴ԪϺߵȻԼҪͳȫ㡣
˵֮䣬۵ֲۣϯһϯ֮䣬趯ĵٴͨаѶԷɱ˼
ԪҲ˼־ɫأѪ˼㣬Ҳһ˿Сӡ
Ǿ׼ֵʱȴڳУԪϺȵס֣
Ԫһ㶣ΪӽдˡʲôӵôΪһ˽Լס֡
Ԫϴˣδס֣ŭһ˵ķ
ӵ£Ԫһ㶣
ɨ˶ԷһۣҲûдԷߵǰɫǺЦʲô󶯸ɸꡣһСѣҪԸ⣬ҵ͸ҲС
㿴һۣҡҡͷָԪϵĹ˵Ҫһ
һ㶣ԪһۣԪϵĸѿ̲ס˵ӵ£㿴ˣԼʲôȻҫߣղ׳֮ơ˻Ϊˡ
Ԫ׼ٴγ֣ϽȳԪס֣С»ֵ󶯸ɸ𣿡
С£Ԫһ㶣˶ԼĹˣԼ⻹С£
ӵ£ԪҲЩϲЩǿӲ
ǶԷĻδ˵꣬ͱϵˣԪϣֺһˣһ˴ɱɱġǰʹһЩɡ
ҲЩˣԼ˶джôأдãΪҼ֮ӣܴϵõܶҪĶܶңǾ㸶һЩҲ⣡
ڸĴۣҪرǵġ
Լдкò״ٳɵ飬ȻԸⱻԪϸƻ˵ЩˣԪϣһۡѣʥٸһǣһøְɡ
ʲôԪЩûԲ۾һԼмӵʥ˵Ļ
ˣԪȥʰһ°ɡ⹬ó֡ȻˣֱԼ˵
ĻеҲһоþޱȣҲû뵽Լʥӵ»վһߡԪ϶ԸΪСӾôӣ
޷⣬ƫ̻ˡĵλҪǿеľͷ
۾ͷʲôʲôڣгȥʥصĳϣȥʥӵ£ǾĴڡǣλȻԽ˾ͷʲô
һĿ⿴㣬һƽȻƵģ˸ɻĶ
Ԫϣȥʰһ°ɣøˡ˵ٴ
ӵ£ҡԪͬͣҲû뵽лΪһ˰
Ԫϻ̲סü˵Ҫʲôȥʥʥش˵˿һҪó
ĻԪоܲʡҲֻܴӦĻСʥص˼Ȼʥ˼ܷˡ
ȻˣǱ뿪Ժ£ʥӵҲұȥɡԼˣҪչԪϺһ˦ֶߡ
ԪˣҲû⣬ڶԷҲ֮һԣûзϡʥٴǲһԪǡ
˶͵Ŀߣ˰ֵˡɢ˰ɣûʲôÿġ
ﻹǺŵģڣЩɢֻΪԪϵȴǲ֪ʥض꿴жء
ȥһЩŮ䵽֡Ÿļ˵
ǣ⼸˵ͷҲϽȥ
Էȥתͷ˵ֵ֪˼ҪһѡֲҪˣһκ˲Сˡ
ֻҪûңȻǡ㿴˵о仰һҪ֪ǡʥӵģҪǸӦĵλҾȥ壬Ըҡ
Цַģѵոֻδǵ̬۾ͷҪҪ˵ǶֵĿءҪ壬Ҳֻܲ˵˵ɡǲӦһʲô֤һ£ҪȻҲ֪ǲԸ干ˡҪֲǳ壬ǴԴ⣬ǡ
ɨһ˵֪ǵʲôվͰѻ˵ǰ档ʲôʱʥӵʵʲôʱͽһͨΪǻ֮ĳ⡣Σ
ʹ죡ҾϲĴ˵ЦͨǷҪܰҵ̵ͨǣǾʹķˡ
ÿһͨǵ壬ǲ⴫ҴȥǷ˴ɻ䡣Աĳˣ
ȻˣǾͰʥӵʵ˰ɡ㵭˵
˵ַģǻᰲŵġֻʥشԻҪʱ䣬ϣ⡣
Ȼҵȵ𣬾ǵȲ𡣡㿴һۣ漴˵ҪϢˣ㡣
˵꣬ͽ빬Ҳ
ıӰɫҲ૵һʥӶѣֻ壬ǻֻǲ֪ܵõټֵΪһͨҲȫ顣
һתʥضȥ壬Ǿ͵ðļֵȫѹե


1036 Ʒҩ
ңҪʲôͿڣȫǰԼүҵ˰զ࣬۲ѡÿοھʨӴ󿪿ڣϡҩģſھ
ֻҪ˵һ䲻ͳȷˡ޷ǣʥӾȻ˵Ҫʲô͸ʲô
ǣͷİܻҵĸƷǿڵѪ
ʱܵԴ˵Կеľͷˡ
С浱ԼǴүˡдȴûа취㿪ˣǾ͵õүһ̺
ЩңҲûȫҩУӦһҪΪƵҩΪ밵һֱûоԵģôʱңҵҩ֡
ҳȥҩҩ㶼Լ˶ٵҩӵͼ߼ĵҩУڹҲʱʱĳֵס⿴ҵһò˼顣
ƵҩûбܿǣǶܿף겻ֻʵȵ۾һһ߽׵ҩʦ
˴ѵҩ֮㽥Ĳ˼ѾһȡҪҩġ׼ǿžƷ켶ҩ
˶ߣʼȫĵͶŵҩСŵҩ̫߼ʱʵҲ˵ȫƳɹɰնѡ
飬ͿʼƵҩ˫Ļ汻£ȡҩģʼҩ

˶˳ȥҲû˸ȥ㣬ЩǺദľˡҪ˵Ǳ˿ΪֻҪ⣬Էһ˦˹ȥ
չˣȥŮûбûһ˵ġ
Щ˱ڶ²˴һϲŭ޳ıҪǷúõ㣬ԶԶ뿪ˡ
Щ棬һؾһܹȥˡĴɽıţȥҩʱʱ͸ûһ˿졣
о㵽ʲôҩҪôõʱ⹬֮ϣȻʼƱ鲼׵紩֮С
䡭䡭
һ죬˲ˡа㲻ԶҲڹ
ʲô𺳣ƵܶʮŨ׵粻ϱ֮䣬ķ
ǵص׵̫ĹԸѹһĹ֮ϣֲĺò˿ľرд׵磬ľ
һĻҲľѣŨֲܿĺ׵磬شˡСڸʲôЩȥŮһֱƵҩвƷ
ѹһ׽ҲƵҩǣⵤҩε
ͬī֭һ㣬ޱȣ̫ĹԳױڸǡе׵粻֣ڵգյѩ
һֱĹʱҲͻȻһӰӰ˫˫д壬ҩ۳ʵһ㣬ȫҩУ⻯ʵʵҩϵۣҩм䡣
ɣ
һȣ޾ҩϵ۶ȥҩ֮У۳һӨ͸ĵҩŵҩŹɹִ͸ܵ¶˶½˼ȡ
ҩһɣʱײϵı£׿ֲ԰һľ𾳵߸ˣȴܣڵҩߣ׵һȭȥ׵ıɢ
䡭䡭
׵翪ʼֲ׵۳Ժɽӵһ𵴶ֲ֮䣬һж˺ѷ顣׵翴ðź⣬ǿ񱩶ֲġһֲ
׵翴Ҳðź⣬ΪʥӼܼ񱩵׵£ҲҪش
׵ĺϵıǿǵȫ׺׵Ű֮䣬׵绯ֹ޶£¡¡ĿȲ۾֮١
ȵ׵磬ҲĿ㣬ŵ˫дż𺳺ͲšԷĵҩ٣ǿ϶ǴﵽƷ߼켶Ʒ
˵ҩΪʥӲȱҩ켶Ʒ켶ƷҩȴҲûùҩΪΪʥӵҪûбҪҲ
ƫƫƳĵҩ۾̲סŹâԷĵҩǼֵǸˡ
ƾƷ켶ҩƾݾͳԽ˵۾˵ʵֻƾƷҩϢȥĴǰ
ֱֱĿգĵǲҪǲǿΪ㵲ס׵ĹϾǷ飬ʱԼһҪƵҩҲÿڡ
ǰһĻȴı뷨ʱȴ趯ֱۣ˿޾Щ׵磬Ϻ׵绯һһ׵ʱҲһ׵Ĺ
˿ľͬȵǣ׵¾Ȼ˿δˡ
׵粻ϵ£ȴһ֮סҩ׵ο񱩶ֲֺܿ׵粻£㳹׵ס
˿Ŀɿڴ׵󶼿ȲͻƵ۾ˣȻƾסжôǿ
Ϊ׵ܸشȴԽսԽ£һ
˲У׵Ļԭɢֲ׵ɢֻ֮ʣ㣬ʱžӨ͸ĵҩҩ͸ɹɱϢɹɱϢ͸֮䣬ܸоһɺĸо
ڵҩܣǣ֮һûС
ĵҩһĻ̲סһ۾⡣
գѵҩװ뵽֮Уڹ֮˵£
㲢ܱ¶ļֵԼļֵԽߣԷԽôྫ֣ܵãԽԼԼԽлﵽĿġ
Ǻǣû뵽ֻһ߽׵ҩʦЦָոƵǾƷ켶ҩɡ֪ܷΪһЩ
ԣֻҪܸӦļֵ⡣㿴˵
ãҪĻȻְæЦ
ûеĻҪϢˡ
˵ϴȴˣѾӹġϣѾˣҪҪǣ
һϲϣԼյǸˣʱﵽʥӼ취۾ˡ֪в۾ĵطýǹõҩԼҲƳɹˣŵҩ˵ڰʵٴλָ۾
Ҫһ۾绯˵ʵҲӵһɰһˡҪʰҲùһ
ҹ˵
˵ͷȥţִӴԶôʲô
㿴һ˵еǾԼ˺á
仰ЩЩûһѪ³ΪǿǲΡΡģһЩʲôǵõ۾Ȼ
ɲʲôɫתصУȴϣǰ


1037 
үϣ빬Ķһ˵֮ǰϣǱƵĻʱȴĸԸˡһ·ϣ˹ĸִ˵սʥӵʱ򣬾ͼ
ϾһܳɾʥӣĪŷǷ壡
ܿϣ˷ܵѪˣȻһսʥӣʥӣ˷ܵĲˡϣֻоԼҲĪӣһжֵˡʹ֮ǰһպĴߣ˿̶ˡ
ңȻشһ۾ʱϣＸҪѣˡǺεڴ澳ʤ˵۾ͷǿǵ۾ƿعϴڡн߰
ϣ˵ͷĿȴ˵ڰ󻹺ðɣ
ɫ꣬ҲЩ㱣ڷ˳ҲǺԼ൱ѣ˿ȴԶԼˡЦЦ˵ܺãֻڰʵһղ
Ц˴νֶΪ顣һֱֵϣֶֻѣһұչôãǿŸҳƵҩҲʹƳɹˣ
һеݸǴЦ⡣
У΢΢һ㶣漴̲ס˫ֶ༵ĽӹУĴ򿪣ʱһϢϣﱻϢϯ˲ɫ԰ס
״ϣ֣ҩ͸˵ŵҩӦܽİ
ʹĵͷһйվ㹪лĻҲ˵ˣԺȻΪúЧǡ
Ц˵ȵڷȥõҩɡҪʲôԸ˾ǣ
ԼҲûкףŲĸϽҵطչء
뿪ſϣ˵˵дﵽ۾֮һҪ·
ϣϽͷȻֻүľھȥүȥĻҪ˷һûᡣ
ţɻĿϣ˵⻰ô˵
ǰõϢ԰һȽҪүǰһ𣿡ϣ㡣
ȣüѣʲôط
ү׻֪ʲôطҪѯһĻǶȻ֪㣬һĵطǻ嵱޽һʥءϣ˵
ʥأʲôģԽԽɻ
Ȳ򵥣ϹʱڸҲ١ȾǼϲ֮ͨһء·̺ͬᣬǲӣ۾Լͨϵ·ϣ˵˶٣СҲֻԣʵ֪
ܴӣ㾪ȵʵ
ţ껪ʥΪ己壬һʺѹեǱ֮·ҲԻűĿģֻⲻ֪ġ·ȷȷʵʵ漣ֻʥͻƣʥӲӵĲΡ߹·ܻˣһʵһջ֮·˵õôҲ֡Ϊвܽû˹˼ݣǿʳ⡣رǣܶײеԼ֮߱УȸӵΣա
ĵط㾪棬͸ͨһȣ
ţطȷʵأصһ˸֪еľֻ֪г˻ǴͨϴϣզүʥӼ˵ԽȡҪȥ۾ĵطĻҪȿʱ䡣ң۾һصأҲҪҪҲһҵġ
ϣĻ˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾƺɡ
ĵҲܾȣΪϣ˵гǻ֯޽ģںͻйصĶ㶼ǺȤġ
СҲģүʵʥжȻ·ʺϲˡϣ˵

Ȼ֪ϣ̸ȵʱʥأҲڼͷǰͷݸϣһ˵ȵ֤֮ͨһҪСģ·˲֪ٴΣû͸
棿ϣ˵
ţǿߣÿһѡʹһЩͨѡȴ¹أֻʥӲ֮ܽСһҪպãҪȻһصء
أʵ
ȻʥӼʵûʥӼƣȴҲСҲʥӵ壬ҲʥӵĴԼҲ㣬вҲʥҪơοûָ㣬֪Ҫơһͷ˵
СӲǰֵ͸ҶԸԪϣʱ
СӺܴ֪ԸһԪǲƽϡзִ磬Բ塣֪ҲҪȥͷ˵οСӲܽȶҲкôʥӲΣ޵СУ¶Ҫѹơʵ϶ᵽһӵޣҪһǾһ
ͷĻͷô棿Ȼܴӣ
ȵԶԶ󣬴ʥĴܡ嶼̽ȣֻ̽Խ̽Խأ岻⡣ͷ̾һҲͨеԭ򣬴ϴͨٴͻơ
զ࣬ŵĿżΪͷϢ
Ҫ˵Ļδֲ̫ˡ
Ȼ˵ĻͨӲ𣿡ʵϲûȾǿߡǻҲûʲô׷ˣΪ׷
ȻͻƵǲᶯģ
Ǻεȴ֮أʥ嵱껨µġĹͨǿҲӲȣӲֻһ;ҪȻ㵱˻ôԹֻʥӽȥ
Ǿþ棬ͨӲδֲ̫ˡ
úƣʥӵĵλֻӵƣܽСͷ˵ҪСģ˵һҪõӵҪסԼֻҪܱסԼоɹˡ
Ͻ̻塣˵
ˣȥɣͷԪǰȥȰɡ۾ȵ߾硣ͷ˵бܿ㡣
˵ͷ˳ȥ

Ȼ֪ʲôʱѾеֲϢϢдŷ֮֮ⷨӿֳ˲ѷշѹķ飬Ĺһ顣
ⲻԼĶȻۡĿֱֱĿڷеķ֮ϵ۶ɣһֲ֮ۡķ֮ϵֲۣϢ͸ɫء
ҵ˿ȴһļ²ѣɴ۾Ŀȶû뵽оȻһ߸ϵĵ۾ͷ
㿴ϢۣɫҲżЦ⣺øˣ˰ʵˡ


1038 
ڱǰһʫĻ⣬ѩƮ
ϣʱ򣬵ãһƬɲϵƮѩããһȥͷ
õĵҩʵﵽ˵۾һζľ硣쳣ĺãʹѩƮıȻʮֻԾ
㣡ǰˣ˵ǲǼӿһЩٶȡ
Ļϣп಻ѣֻһ澳ڸǾѾ۵İˣҪǶԷټӿٶȣ׷ϣ
ϣŵЦסϣӰϣԶȥٶ͵ıһࡣ²ȶѩµĺۼ
ۼܿͱµѩǣĸɸɾ
˵ļٸ·£˺ܿ͵һطһǳɽ룬֮ǰѩƮأӰĳɽȻļ紺泤̵ֲ֮ããһƬγĶԱȡ⣬Ҳóĳɽڲͬ
үǰˣɽһ̹ţӰĳɽ봫ʥ嵱겼µĿԵ±ظ⣬һļ紺
һɽ룬ȴκζߣԼľ磬¿ʥǿߵֶΡ
̤ɽ֮Уֲܼд塣ڻ˲ʱ֮󣬲ŵģһϿȣϿʯЩʯѻɣͬһ
ϣ̤Уʱоһˬϴ˵꣬ϣﱻ̲ס泩ĳ̲סչ
Ȼһʥأһı֣Դ档
̹ȣ㿴̹ѾŲˣÿһԸ߹磬;վ˸оǺصϡ
Ȼ֪ⶼӡ֤Ҳ˵ǶʥӼ
֮ҲǵĲ˲Ŀ㣬ˡֻ˺Ψڴˣ㽻ֹĪ̩ӣӣӵȵһҲ
㿴һ㶣ɫϻָų߹ȥ
Ψһ˿㵽Ҳ֮ɫ˶һۣ˶Էľ֮ɫ
ףⲻҵ𣿹ȻҲˣô㱻ȥҲʥ𣿡ǶͷΪҳͷںջʱ򿴵̲סڼȻǼ㣬ȴͶΨģȻҡ
죬ϵĳ죬ŲűС˺졣ҵ飬˵ġ˵ۿſ졣
Цҳʦ˻˵ˣӻΪҶôŽᣬԭˡ
ĳ죡趯ŭſ죬гֵ˼
ҲˣĿ⿴ЦֵܣȷģĹطԸΣҪҪҿ壿ӶȻһߵλá
ۿδ˵һ仰߽ϿŻôǿҪ˲ɣܸһʥӵλãǿѵܸһ峤ҪĻҵƼǰ塣
ҲƽԭΪԼ͵͵ĸ㲻֪ȴû뵽һˡ
ҲİΪͷ̲סüͷ
ʥʥŮһȴ˼־ǶĿͶ㼸ϡû뵽ոոϵ˼һĻ˾ȻδȾͿʼͻˡ
ҲҲ㣬Ҳ˵¼оǲôǿսʥӡ
ͬ㷴ҵ飬Ҳ͵Цв˺г϶ģԭ˵Ҽ֮׼ɱңΧۡҪҵЦ
⼸ʥӶ룬ȤĿˡ
ߣ˺ɫƵĿһûм˵
ڴʱпʼһУѿһŻŻл߳ˣŻŹâޱȣͬŸɫӡǣӡǴϵУ鲻֪ܿЩӡǸͼڣ÷Ļ÷ĳӡǣĺӡǡЩӡж£ͬ޴Ļ̿ĪŻ˵ľצӡǣ߸ϣӡǡ
㿴ӡǣڵѪҲЩȣʹѹƣѪ嵴
ȴûѹƣǸ˶ӦԼеӡǣѪڶ͸ӡӡ֤ʱȳ˸Ѫ֮
Ż֮߳ȴδƵģĿ⿴ųУ˵˵ʥ׼ȡ
оȣû뵽֮ǰѾʥӽˡһվŻȻǴﵽ۾
̲סľﶼܴﵽ۾жٿֲ
һգ˱ǰһĻ𺳵Ѫ֮֮ǲŻƽϢʹӡŻðųȵĹâ
ӡ֤֮Ż֮УܵõϿɵģɾʥӣнеʸÿʥʥŮܴ˽ȥҿʼɡ
ʹ˵꣬͸Żߣֻʣӡǵľ޴Ż
Ψĺ˿һۣŻȥǴȡƣϵͼӡǣǵһѪҺȥʱƹââŻϵӡǶӦʱŻ󿪣˺ΨĴ˽УھŻʱڵĵ趯ӡ֤Ҫӡ֤شʥӵľ硣
㿴ŻҪƲܴŻ΢΢һ㶣
ʱŽ͵ߵִ̫٣Ҷ֪ȣҪȣһҪݵѪСԡ
ߣһ֪ǷڣҲ֪Ҳܸơ
ϣҲ֪Ҫͬʥݣʥӵʵȴȱ塣ûƣܽȥүҲ֪Ҫƣԡ
ϣĻʱŹֵĿ㣬һЩ̲ס¶Ц⣺ûƾȻҲȣҵʥӣԭǼٵġ
ΨĺŻӡ֤ʥӾ磬ʱûƣҲùΪҳ̫ˣȶˡΨĺ˶̲סھΡ
ʹ㣬ҲסڵܴﵽʥӼʵĲ٣ͳʥӣܽУ뿪̹ȡ
ʹĻЦȥɣҵʲôҰѣûаϣͼݣȻҲȡ
û죬Ŀ⿴ʹ˵ǲֻҪʥݵƺʥӵʵܽУ
ʹ˵ֻҪŻܽС
仰˵ͷŽʹ˵ףҲ뿪ˡ
һ仰ɻѵҳɡ


1039 
ĿɻʱȴĿ⿴죬ſ쵭˵һãлˣ
һ㶣δӦͼӰһӰ˲ߣһȭֱӺ˳ȥٶȿ˶ûзӦ
ڣû˭˵־ͳ֣ŽʹҪơ
ִٵӭȭ˹ȥܿͱĵûиԷĻᣬٴξ˹ȥ
Сӷ˰ɣȻһʥӳ֣ʹŭ𣿡
С̫߿ԼˣϾһʥӡŻʱ䲻һӣһӾʰһʥӣֱΡ
Ǵ󵨵ģȻһƣ𣿡

û뵽Ȼ֣ŭ֣Ҳ˸ֱ뵲ס㡣ֻһʼͱռȻʵͱȲ㣬ȫѹơ
ѹÿ챩ŭû뵽һﵨֵزȻԼƣԼԼ˴
ǣ˳ֵʱҲӰһǰ󺰵֣Ұ㵲סƬ̡
Ҳû뵽ѡֱӶһʥӳҪơϵĶҲ˰ģⲻ㣬ڶԷӳֺҲϽ֡
Ҫˡ㶢ſ죬һһ䳰ȷģ˭ġ
㵱ʲôˣҪҵƣ㻹񡣡һ֪ǿǲ̶ʱơ
򣡡㲻ϻֲ֮䣬ܵĿռ˲仯һܵѹơ
첢żϾͨѵûʩչͨƿǣ
ǿ컹δ֣趯һϵļ۶ɣĵ⼤ȥ
ÿɫ䣬ִٵֵͨܵѹƣϱȲ㱾ͨһͺѪĻᶼûС
ԷѪʥӱϾʥӣϽ趯ϵıҲԱס㡣ûиᣬٶȿ磬ŵǬٴκ˳ȥİѶԷҪԱı챻Ĳִٵĺˡ
ᣬңʹ£˲ϵ󣬿쵹˾Ҫײ㡣ɫ䣬Բ˼ĽǶŤתδȫŤתٴߣֲĵѹӰĺ󱲣ָܿĿס˶Էĺ
ס֣ס˿죬ųлڴһ˺
ӵ£˿һĻɫ䣬Ҳû뵽ԼĻӵôһȻ̶Ϣ֮ͱԷãǿǲ˼ġ
һĻͬ˵ɴ۾һ㶵Ŀ㣬̫˼ˡһʥӼȻʮϢʱ䣬ͱԷסѵԷǿֵز
뵽Ĵԣ̲סüͷս۾ҲԲһʥӰɡ
ʥȻֵ˵۾ķ򣬵Ǻ͵۾֣ȴҲܵסһ󡣿£ȴ׾ٵıԷסδ̫˲ˡ
ΣóɣŹһ㿴ſ˵湻õġʥӣǽԼԭΪҪһЩֶΣû뵽ôʰ
ȻҲԼѸʹһֲԵʣԼǿٵϱͨңεٶȣ޷סױ
ſǻӵ¡Էŭŭ
һ仰ЦҲûпԷһۣſ˵ƽһá
Σбɱ˱ӡŭ㣬дż֮ɫ˵֮仹ڿѪ
仰еָͷ͵Ŀ۽УҪʥӱͲɱ㣿ҵԷȥһ岻ɣ
ѪҺ˳ָ͸⿴ľ˿ҶɱˣСȻһӡ˵ΪɽҪȻʦһһԴ
˵ɱ
̲ס͵͵򼸸ʹǰһĻЩʹͲ
ЩʹȴûпƵģԵλʥӽȥ
㡭Ҳðź⣬ֱָӿ۽УٽһЩҪˡ
ߣ첻˵һϣһ죬ѿĶ˸ɸɾ
ӿһĻбŭѣԼʥӵУֻĿǵĻӵ´١
үҵˣϣӿĻȡһƣ˷ܵ˵
̫ǵҸˣʥӶܴ٣ǰ붼û顣ʥǺεÿһ߸ϣҪΪ֮Ĵڡɴʱȴ١
ӹƣһѪҺٴһξѪѿӡϣ˵úץţҪ˭أֱɱ˾ǡ
ǣүϣ˷ܺ
ҲûпһۣѪҺϣŻ󿪣ϣﲽУϣ˲ѿ춪˳ȥϽӹǻӵ¡
̤ŻʥӾ֤ǿˣŽʹλˣƽУͲͳʥӣ˳֣ǡ
ʹſ쵭˵ⲻҵȵְڣֻܶԷӵпɽԼƥʥʵֻҪﵽҪǾܽȥôģⲻܵġ
ˣû뵽õһ𰸣вʣ˵ʲôʹû
ҲǹŹֵĿſ죬û뵽ʹش𡣲룬ҲеⲻضԷ飬ԷαҪܡ
λʱ䲻ˣϽȥɡʹ˵ûƻʵʥӼģԼ뿪ɡֻҪ˲Ҫ
仰ɫǺѿǿһ߽Żȴ޿κΡ
Ҳû뵽ͻȻһ֣һɹˣüͷϣܽСԭʹܳͷʹȴʲôܣֻܽλʥӡ
֤ʥӵʵѣܿӡ֤ϣ۹סˣŻȥ˭ûпʱǸ߸ϵĽɫӡ˸һ¡
У˲ĿͬͬĿſ졣
ΨĺҲһһ治Ǽ¶ܾطõƽ롣ѹлдˡ
ɣһ˵Ľ㣬һʮʥӡԭЩ뷨ˣʱҲסǵ뷨ʲôЦʥӼеסʮϢһǿĿֲ
ҲƽʱֻɱǴʱȴԽ൱ûִɱ˶ԷЩڡ
ڸУ̤УУ˾ͱǰһĻ׵ľһ͵Ŀǰ档


1040 
˵ǰ𺳶һĻǰһĻ˵顣
ˣˣΨһķ飬㶵ĿǰһĻĿȣȲ
֮䣬һֻ޴ķ߲ʵë裬֮䣬߲ʹâ趯Щ߲ʹâȫ֮۶ɵģ˷֮䣬ƯĹ죬ͬɾһ˵顣
þòƽϢǾŷȻžǲκһǶΪͼڡȴʵʵļˣѪҪĶ趯ķˡ
𺳵ķߣҲһĽצڿհ죬ȫɢޱȵϢϢϯͷ˵زһһ˵ǰ
ֻǱľĳ𺳣ȴԭءΪ޾ȻǰĴ˵вƽȷʵͻĹйϵ
裬ٶȼ죬ھ趯һĺۼЩۼϣȻֻɢĲ˭оĵĲҪǿ֮еκˡ
ʹǵ۾ߣ趯¶Ȼ֮ɫǲ˲ܰǺɱĸɸɾ
Ĳ޷ģľ£ȴŲֱӵĲ
˵𺳺ͲΡΡ£ǰȥһʥӵĽʹҲ͵ĿǰһһоѡȻ֪ͷˣⲻͷˣǵ껪µͼڡ
ͼ֣ǧûһΡһΣǾȻ֡
ͷ˵ÿγ֣ȶž䣬ѵһҲҪо䲻ɣ
ÿȵľ䣬ܳ漣ܴҲɱپȻѪȷ硣
ͷ˳飬֮䣬Ļʹ⣬ʧ֮Уԭ𺳵һĻʧһɶ
ˣԭзˣŷ˵Ѫֵˡ񣬷໽
һĻ˶һۣ˻ɾڸոյ֮Уոֲ̫ˣȻֲ̫ͬ׾ɱǡ
˶Ĭ˲ޱȣ޶֣ܳʲôֵܲģ
Ψһ˼ֻͬ㣬ֵʱѪܿƣڷתȻûбצӡǣ㵱ʱѪѾתˣⲻҪġ
㲻ŵǣͷ˷֮䣬ӡһӡǣ˻ʲôĵطȴͬµӡǣµǼĹź֡
֮أ
ĸ͸¶˼̫࣬и̫ɻ֪⻪֮شʲôгĬƽϢеѪ֮ȴЩѪ֮ƽϢոոµϢЩϢȻ࣬ȴһڡ
һ˿Ϣڣ̾ĵУܱҲĵһ䣬צӡǣ;
ɻ󣬵Ҳ֪ԼѪ𵽵á
Ҫ֪ΪʲôҪ롣Ҳ˺ģҪ֪ȵʲô
˼ʱ򣬽ʹ˵λǧѵһû뵽λһˡλһõĿʼϣλ֮жջ֮·ͲǸλǰаɡǻýһʥʥŮ
ʹ˵꣬ûʧ
ʹ뿪˵Ŀⶼǰǰ·ͷҲ֪ǰʲô
ʮʥӣΨĺ˷վһ𣬾ĻӺʥվһʥվһΨֻ㵥һˡ
֣һǰΣȻô˵ȴûӦжȻҲֻǿ׵롣
һ˵ãһӣ
˵꣬ϣǰȥ
ߵʥӶʱЦһ浱ԼһȲԶУôĶ֪
ĻҲ̲ס˵һѪͳʥӣȳᱻԵĹͷʣ
ΨļԷô˵ȴЦһ˵ûѪͳ塣ĻǿҪ˵Ļսһ˭Ѫͳ
ĻĻЦһնȻҪ̣ΪȣӲԸ˷ʱϡ
˵꣬ĻӴӣʥӽС
ҲԸ󣬸ȥǶ뿪Ψĺ˶һۣҲϡ

ǰ·󣬵˵㲻ʲôһ·ƹȥ·һЩ޺ϡҩݡ
ϾȰſһΣʱԳɳٺöˡǰУȷʵ棬ǲǵ֣Щ۳ɾʶһ֮ͬ顣
ĵϡģҪܵõҵʵϣﵽļɡ
һ鱦أɾʶĵ֮Сѣѹ˲١һЩʺϵĶϣϣʵ̫ЩܳɳһЩ
ȼĵ۶Ǿûʲôˡǻȡ˲٣Ͼ˵Ļܴǿߡ
ǰʱϣͻȻָǰ󺰣񡭡
һ㶣ۿȥȻǰһֻСȻȫɽɲһҴС
ھ֮д壬֮䣬㵤֮еצӡͻȻӵмͬʱд˼ξѪ
צӡǳӴӡ˲ûڣµļξѪȴǶסξѪ͸֮С
⾫Ѫȫ֮кͷͨͻȻٴλ֮ǰСⱩǣȵ̫
໡
һ𶯾Ϊ֮𵴣һ춯֮䣬ȶΪ֮𶯣һԶȡ
һʱǿߣбչصǿ߶
찡ո𣿡
Ǹʲôѵ𣿡
죡ȥڹȿǲˡ
һ£ȶʱչصǿ߶ǺȻѣһȥ
Ȼ֪ʲôֱоһѪش
ɾ֮䣬ͻȻ͵ͷײǰգײ£ǰһĻ޴³һ棬滯һƷƷ㵣
ôҲû뵽³۵Ʒ


1041 飿
Ŷ
գ֮ϸǰĸһƷӰƷϤӵعŶ
Ŷ֣ͬѹϢµĴؾȻֱֱѹ£ȥŶӰֲƣƱŶƻҪǿ·Ҫѹ
Ҳ֪߹ŶԵʻΪĻѪɱϢȻֻܿѹµĵϣ治ϵݡ
治֪˶ȻŹɹɵҽڣͬɽһ緢ҽ˰֮ߡ㺧ȻĿһĻƾճֵĻɽ緢
緢໽һ͵ĳҽ֮УԭҽͻȻᣬգͬһҽ̳һ
ҽɵĿ鲻Խע⵽΢΢ŵ֮УһŻ쾧Ө͸ӡ
飿㶵Ŀǰܣоޱȣӳȥȫ죬û״
ŶӰʱ򻺻ϣܾȻſڣӴƮУЩ̵ӣδüϸϸĲ鿴ԭҽ͵Ľⶳ緢
ҽ緢ԽԽֲϳҪһ㡣˿ֲ緢ɫ˱䣬Ҫһֱ緢ȥҪҽǡ
۾ûãŶӰѹ£ԭֲ緢ҽɽѹУ޷ͻƵٴҽͬʱĽ³һ޴âǣһ

ꡭĳֵͬʱȵһǳأڳǳһʯ͵ıѿӿֳ͸֮Уͬһ޴â
һĻػųǳʯɫ䣬һ¶Ͳ֮ɫ
ػʯ֪ˣһֱûб仯ȴû뵽˿̱ѣѵĴҪ棿ܿ

Ͼ˼âŻ飬Ҫʲôġ
㻹δʲô棬ͳүˡ
ϣҲˣû뵽ոսȾ龳Ȼɻ󣬿ҲϲϾⶫôǷƷ
Ļո£Ļһ˾ͳʩչУĻӿµľ޴âӡķҽҲȲѡɵеĻʱ¶̰֮ɫ
㵹ǺȽܵõıôⶫɣĻӶ㣬д֮ɫЩġϾⲻɱķѡ
Ծʱɳʥӣǲһ¡
͹㿴žĻӺھûʲôʲôøУˣûкøС
ԲѣĻӴЦӰ͵еץ˹ȥ
֪һһƺɨû֣һ־ʮɵ
ĻתڵͶԷײһ𣬾ĻӱɵĵдŲ֮ɫԷԤϣʥҲˡ
Ҫǿ٣ǸոնԻȴԼԷ̫࣬ԷһȻѪþĻ𺳡
㿴žĻӣûȤɱˣ㲻ҪƱ𡣡
Ļӱôȳ⣬ɫе飬ʥӶһۣ໥˵ͷ׼ֶԸ㡣
ɾھĻ׼ֵʱ߳ΨĺԴһȺǺǣλʲô
ŻǰĻŴͷ
ҲĿ⵽еϣ۾ҲâոУͿٵĸʱĽһâǣкŻӣ˿Ӻ͸ոյйϵ
ܺϹϵĶ㲻֪ʲôҲޱȡ
ģ뵽Ͼ壬ѹе
ֵǺܵõֶЦ˵
ɨһۣĿ⼯еĻϣҪǲˡ
˵꣬ҲܾĻѿµϣ뿪
Ҳ뵽棬Ҫʲôɽȴʧˣûзⶫʲôĵط

ֻܰⶫǰ·
䡭䡭
Ҫ֮߳ʱͻȻһ㶨ۿȥֻǰۿհ׳ܻ档ܻȼ֮䣬װľ졣
ڷɣֱֲĻϯɹˣʹΪʥӵ㣬ܸоĳȡ
ϣֻһﵽ𾳵ߣɹɿֲ˳ɫҰףֵ԰춼ȼճһĻ档
ÿֲĻ棬ȫ۶ɵģܷ죬߹ȥҪС㡣
˵ͷȻóǰôֲǿ̫Ȼһμ˿ֲĻ档ͼһϣͼУҵСУʺ
ϣûСУŸоǳʧ¶˼ϲ֮ɫ
׼ȥʱһ𣺡ǻĻǶʥӵ顣߹ĻĲУȵһȡ
㿴黺߹ָǰĻ˵еĳ˵ĻǿȲͣл۵ĻޣоʥӲСҲҪشرǴ˴ΣĻ𳤱˵ĻҪǿҪ߹ĻΣ
㿴飬˺ΨҲĿɨ˹ȥ
֪ʲô˼ʱȴܺߵ̫۵Ŀ˷һ˵ãһССĻĻκβ˱𡣡
˵꣬ӰҲܷ飬ŻĻ֮мȥ
뿪Ψʼ˼ҿɲǵĺ⡣֣ҵ׺㵽ʲôޣҪƵ򼫶ˣվǵĶ棿
ΨȻܸͣһȻԸǣǾ˰ɡ
˵ͷеǿӣڹżпһ֣Ի鵱˲ٱоΪģƷ飬ոеӣżϼص֡
Ʒ飿˺Ŀ顣
ͷֻУƷ鴫õľǻ鲼ãͬʱҲŸáһǺһⶫֻǲ֪ʲôõġ
ʲôõġҲȥɡΨһҲû̫࣬Ҳʡ
ʼ߰ɣŷˣҲ֪嵽׺ʲôԨԴżм˲ٹڻ֮£ҺҲиֵǣ϶ܡ
˵⣬̲ס˷ҪܸܰڳĻ˵ŷǷ塣˵Ҳܴеõ޺ô


1042 һħ
ȼգ޾֮䣬ֱϾУϯȫɼʱˣֲĻҲյۣܵĵ۲ϵɢ
һۣеأӰ趯۰ܲ͸磬ǰ漤ȥ
ǰʱǰӿֲٻޣЩ޻ʨ򻢣צ˹
֮γɵ飬һȫɻԪɣҪյĻҪǿĶࡣ
˹ȥ˳ϯ֮ͬһ㣬ձյĺ¡¡죬ϻצ˹ȥܰһж˺ѵķ顣
ӭȥֲĵϯ޶ȥ˱ͬɽ緢Ƶģĵϯؼ䣬һһжա
޴춯ûĳ֣צֲӵĿֲɹϯ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ顣
ּΪ񱩣գϯһϣͷ˲ֱѿ漤޵еĳգͬһŰ
ڻޱѵͬʱһŻľһŻ쾧СֳȣֲҲ̳˻ˮݡ
ʲôˣǿȶǿɻ𾧾Ȼ֤ȶˡ
ǻ𾧣ǻ۳ɵľ֮ŨУǺö˷ܵĺ
ͷ˵ɱȥȰһЩ˵
˵꣬Ӱ趯Щ޾ͳŵǬϱ˺һֻֻޡаһſŻ𾧣
޲Ļ߽״ҪСԣοڻĻУǵʵܷӵ£ǵʥӼСӡ
ȴӣÿһι˺һֻޡͨӿ֣Щ޸Ƕ֣һſŻ𾧲ϱ˺ѵķ飬С
ɱ޵ʱԭڻеȴļââֻ𾧣𾧻ɹսȥ
һŻϢʱ䣬ͱյĸɸɾɱ߰˿Ż𾧡£գۼͱյĸɸɾϣҲһĹΣĿΣȴһâ󣬺ͷӡ۵ҽһ
ֱ䶯㶣ܿ˾ģȻɻЩۣǲϵɱޣǵĻɡ
һ޵׶նɱٻޣɣֻâۼԽԽԡ
еĻ𾧶ŹŹֵ飬ҲɱĻ𾧶˵֣ҵȥô𾧵ʲô仯
ҲĴѻ𾧶ɡ
ɷջĻԽԽŨ񣬶ı棬żââɴ󣬱鲼ӡ
ʱܸоĵſֲĻΪֲ˿Լܱɱ
һҧҲô࣬඼ʩչϵɱޣǵһſŻι顣״ͬӿ֣һϵɱޡ
˶ȫɱ£𾧻ǲʳֱ趯绯ڳУǵķ򣬷ɱޡ
𾧲ϵӿ飬ɫԽԽޣɻôιι
ɱ£ʹĻָҲоƣϾʩչУǼġУҪֵɹˣԼ̫á
֣Ҫ취ͻΧˣսȥǾҪˡ㺰
˵ͷ绯·󣬲趯ɱǵĻޡ
ͻΧѵģ۾İ£ٲά衣ѹΨһ˵ֳƻĻ
ѹѣҲֻǸһЩ鷳ɱһֻֻצĻޣ̤˻Ļ
̤ĻõĻ𾧶ɣʱĻͬѪҺһâ滺תһɹϢϵֶ
㿴âǣоĵâǷӡȵ˺ȻĻⲻ֪˶ٻ𾧵飬̺ǿֲģǷǿߣȻ¶Ҫɱɡ
룬Ҫǿ˭ˬƻâֱӰ鶪ȥҲըɡ
㾪Ϊ˶Ļ֮ʱ˵֣㿴ǰ档
㶨Ȼȥǰһΰĳǳأǳصĺΰ¾ǡҪǣǳµĺۼԶԶĹۿܸоºۼµĵ̣ĸַ͸ڳǳϿա
ЩЩ߲ϢµĻۣΨ˲ſþͷµϢڴʱܱ
߰ɣȥȵĵһǳء˵
أͬеҲ֮ˣǳȣҲ˽Уǵһصˡ
ߵΰĳǰδţмٴһʿӭӣӭʥӵһȣ
㿴˽һۣһ߽״ߣıʿȻÿһﵽܣоȡ
˭١
ǽӴʥӵµĽ٣ʥӵµһȣȲѣҿΪʥӵ·ͬʱҪʥӵǣҲҪҴ·ٹ˵
Ҫǣ㿴Žʵ
ٵ˵ͷ˵ÿһȵ˶ҪڳǼ밶Ϊһͳơ
˵㣬ȻĹأҲƻȻˣǾʹȥǳɡ˳ҽһ£һνͣ
ٻشаʮһȣһȵĵһվһǸսȵʥʥŮӦģͬʱҲΪλʥʥŮ֪һЩϢԼλʥʥŮϢһȺȲͬһɸǷʥʥŮ¡
ʥʥŮĵǶмˣʵ
ٵ˵ͷʥʥŮԹۿ֮ǰȱֻЩȱ͵ĳȥˣЩȱȴˡ
ѯŽٸ飬ٶ׼ȷϸĻشҲʶͬ㾪ǣȵһȵʯȻˣԭһ޴â
Ϣһۣһ·âһֵĵطһϵġȴû뵽һѵâʲôزɣ
һҪ֪λһͻȻȣλʥӴǰдǵĸЦ鶼߳¸һˡ
㵹û뵽ôһ˵̲סѯ˽ʲô֣ٶشϴѾǧˣǧǰһҲһħͷһ˶ռʥӣʥѪΪʳɨȣ޿ƥУΪħ
һۣж𺳣սʥӣʥѪΪʳֱˡ


1043 Ͻ
һ˵ʱ򣬾ĻΨһѾغˣ̤һˬʵǺǣʥӶˣȻˣǴҶȥǩʯɡ
˵վĿ࣬ͬһ㣬Ƿζɣʶһ£ǳصĳ֡
һ㿴͸˵ʵȻһֲԷЦӭҲЦóõˡ
޷߰ɣȥǩʯǵϢӡɡֶΨһ˵ǰ·
һ˸ϣܿ͵һ¶֮أһصʯͷռŨĵۣƬռֹһ㣬һĵط
Ψĺ;ĻӵҲϵ棬ǰǧʯ̲סʵ˵ʲôط
ҳΪһصأȽʱǩʯ̨Ÿֹ֮һòܣʥʥŮҪϢʥʥŮĴ֮Ҳ͸ŨĺʯǼ򵥵ʱ򣬶ʯ˵ָ꣬ɢŹâĺʯ˵ÿһ̻ԲĺʯһʥӵϢԶıȥλʥӲѣҲհķ緶
;Ļһ˶ȻȥЩĺʯ棬ȻӡһϢ
ϾʥӣϾʮ경봫棬ʮﵽʥӼһɱ˴涥壬ս۾ʮжܣ
ʥӣʤУʮ경봫棬ʮ경ʥӼսʥ˶룬һţ棬ͨˡ
ʥӣ֮һ˾ͷ߽׵һƷɾ˫ޣͬ׼޵С

һʯʯϼһʥӵĻԻ͡ʮʯʥʥŮ٣ÿһǼйԻ͵ļ¼
˿һʯϵļ¼̲ס겻ѡм¼ˣÿһ֮µŵĲ֪٣֮ڴ½ȥģж٣
ԻһʱĳУɱɣһ·ڱǰеģҲֻôһСˡ
Ψĺ;Ļ˲ٺʯвǰû˵Ϊŷˣû˵ʥӷʤУ峤ûһġ
Ȼڳɳ·;زۣز۵ġ
ϵŲ֪ɧмˣһи̲̾סЩ㱣ĬĿǰһʯ
ֶһ˵ıֵǲ֣̫ʥˡܶʥǩʯ϶̾˺ޣҲ˷֮ģǩʯܸʥӸɫĸ
Ӣ۳гĺһ죬ҲزڳΪǿߵ·ϡǲΪЩ£ǿߣͻԼġΪ˶Ӱ죬ӦüԼǿһԱ˵ˣϣǶ貵һĻӢ۳ĺΣ֮ǰԻͣԼ޻ڵ׷Լģһжֵˡ
˵⣬ֶ˶٣˵սսսԼУ˭ܳԽԼܳԼˣȻϣǾΪԼŬΪĽӣǵļ嶼Ҫǽƿء
սսսԼΨĵΪһ仰𶯣ǶǷˣܴﵽʥӼ˭ǿˣǶԼȻոձûʷеʥӴȴǿͽȡġ
Щ˻ָһ˵ȻˣǾλʥǩɡпհ׵ĺʯҿӡԼϢ档
˵˵ͷһʥȥϯһʯָ㶯ҪӡԼսС˺ʯǿȣָ㶯䣬ںʯһ˿ĺۼ
ǺǣʮǿֲҪӡּ棬øλʥʩչԼĴ
ڶô˵һλ;ĻӵĹ˵ʥ趯Ĵۻʣھʯϻ䶯ʯǼӲģʹʥʩչӡʮֳ
ʥͣһһţ£һڣ
һ˵̲סһ۶ԷҲһĺȻǧʥ֮Уս㡣
ʥӼ״ҲʼӡһԼս
ۿһЩ˵սǿûʲô֮ɫԵļ¼УÿһʥӶܿǵսйоصʥӡ
λʥӡԼϢֿһ˵ֵλˡ
ҲĳĻӣΨķһ˲һʥеٮٮߣҲ뿴Ψһ˵ʲôս
Ψĵ˵ͷ߳ȥȴûӡսǰĿͶǧĺʯͷͷ߸ʯͷʯͷɢ΢Ĺâǡ
ǵһ˿ǵʱȴֲܷͬǸһ˵ĸоǸ߸ϣЩʥƵġ·ЩʥӶǵĳӡ
ִһ̲סʵλ˭
ֿʯɫҲЩأʯһ񣺡ǽǧܳλ
㿴Ŷֶʯͷж𺳡ǵʱȻ˵߸ϣûаʥ̫һ£Ͼ̫ˡ˲ŵǣһȻʯ
һλǧһħǧǰ޵ȣһȵʥӼ࣬弸ǲʥӶǷһɾһȴӱɾ˵һˣڶʥսܣĹأѵʮȸˡȴûгֹ飬ÿһǶǿޱȣԽԽǿʮǲ˵ЩͷǳĵҲﵽ˾˵ĵزȴˣȹ򣬿һħȣ˲塣ֻ˵صĵ̳֣ɱħȵһλǿߣҲ䡣һ棬ܱȣȻȣʥӵĵˣĻԻͣǵܳǧҲδܳԽʯµӡ
һѪ𵴣ȷʵһ棬ȣȫʥΪУҪεȰ
ҲʯϣӡֲࣺϽ½Ϊ𣡡
ʥӵսȫԡսȾΪԱİȻһԼŵ£ҲһԸµˡ
ˣǰܵһͿأؼ䡣
ɾ˺֮˵һħһ޷ԽħµĲһĴ档
ʺʥѪԾͷ⣬ǵдաָ̾˵ȵĴ棬Ҳȵʹ
ۣȴһɫأ޷ʺʥѪԾͷһֺİԵԼѾˣȴûİ
Ψĵ˸ǳĬؼ䣬κιǿ߷緶ǲ߱ģԶ
һסְ֣ܿĿתƵһʯϣܺͶϽţҲ֤Ĳ



1044 ص
һ˵Ŀתұߵĺʯʯӡһ֣ʥսӲܣɱ۾ȣӣ޶Ͻ
ļ¼ȴһѪȣΨһѪȡǺεȵİʥӼսӶܣɱ۾ɱˣֱʥӵķ룡
ʥӸ߸ϣи߲ʵĴڡһģҲʥи߲ʵĴڣ֮ӣĶͣؼߵš
ԻˣȻʥӵսӶܣⲻʲô͵һͨĴ涥ȴҪսʥӶһǲܳɾ͵ʵ
ͱ㣬սʥӶܡԿɲܣΪԶʥӣ
ӵǿʥûǰȴʲôǡ
սӣɱ۾ⳬرǶԷ˵ġӣ޶Ͻԣ޷ƽ
ҪԽϽϽųǧһħһ档ȴ볬Խⲻ˵󵨡
ּһ˳ĬΪ֮٣һ˵λлҲȵһ棬ӡôһ仰ڳʥûвЦġЦȸߣ˭û뵽ȻδԽϽȴﵽ˺ͶϽȼĵز
λʲô̲סʵ
ȣɱӣһ֮֮ȵ׷ɱȫˡڱ׷ɱ;Уһֵ˵Ĵ棬ѵܿȶϽ𣿡
˲˵ͬȻ˵ԽϽǿȶϽȻǿԵġ
ҲˣȰλĺʯʥ֮ϣȻΪȲϲĨɱǵĽܳ˵⣬˶˵ʵ˵ҪʤϽġϽϾȣȴ˳ȥʤ
˵˵ͷȻ˶סǿһˡӣ޶Ͻԡ
ˣȻһλΪʲôڴ½ûšɻ󣬰˵ڴ½ҲպŶԣѵԷȥɡ
ֿһۣһǲ֪ģֲ֣ĻлѪȻĻѪȴԻԳƣԻΪգǡء
ؿ񣡡Ļֹ˼ܿ͵Բ۾̲סؿ˵Ǻصۣ
Ҳ͵ɫ䣬ɫͬѰĿǿʯû뵽ʯ˾ȻǺؿǸŵһ˵ĺصۡصڴ½Ĵ棬ȵЩΪ
뵽⣬ΨһЩĿ̲ס㣬дżֲͬζ
ͬû뵽Ǻϡû뵽ǧŵһ˵ţ˵ȥϼ
û뵽ϾȻһ˿ĿҲûпϾǺϵĻԻͣ޹ء
λϣܳԽλǧܳԽļ¼ЦеĿˡ
ֵĻĬʥӼһȻΪؼܿǡǣǴ˿У˵Խˡ
ǵϢӡɣ˵䣬Ψĵ˵ͷ
ΨһƽϢһǰ趯סһźʯӡһ֣ΨģսʥȫˣʥӼƵ۾ʥأʧܣ
ֵ̲סۿһΨģôʥӣΨĵսǰеġǰҲͰˣǲÿһǰȥӵġ
Ҳ̲סһΨģΨȷʵʥӼĽܳȻԼѹһǲܷĽܳ
Ļӵ˿ΨӡϢǺһҲȥԼսӡȻҲףɱΨȴǲһ
ӡ֮󣬶ֻֿ㣺ˣ
ǰϵǿʯһ۾סһʯ
סʯ֮һ˶ĿֱֱĿ㣬⣬Ҳ뿴굽ս
Уӡ㣡ܰܵ۾ɵһаܵ۾ʥܵ۾
ܵ۾Լս⿴˵˶ʧĿ㡣ܳɵʥΣԵ۾Ϊ֣޷ġرǴܣȻҲһ۾
˶ĿֱֱĿ㣬˺Ψ̲סĵ׺һ֪ǡ㼸һ·սΣϵսԶԶֹЩбӿֲս
ǣ仰ԳԽЩˡ֮У˭ս
Ҳ۾һһֱΪΨʮ֮ǿģȴû뵽ȻҪԶԷҪǣֿ˵ĳɵ۾͵һ
ɵ֮ѣ۾ǿߣҲÿһܳɵֻЩ츳ĿŲܳɵǶԷȻڴͳɵˣ
һǴʥпܳΪӵĬĬļסΪ
дһЩһۺϵĺʯںһ˷緶հǲɳԽ֮ΨҶѣ
ڼһ仰֮ջĵۡ
ΨĿµһ仰Ǵ͵Ŀ㣺ʲôҪаλҪԽʦѽԽϽ
һΨҶѣʥӣû˭ºԣ벻ؼһǿ߱Ĳ£¶ԼûġܲܳԽ޵е˵Ҫġ㣬ҿ㡣ֿ㣬Ц
Ͻĺʯû˸ҽа壬ֱĳ֣һ޶ϽĻ֮󻪿֮һ˸ҽаˣȴû뵽֮󣬾Ȼһ˵ˡΨҶѡĻȻһԽǶϲ޵ˡ
ϣ˳ߵǵĸ߶ȡЦ
ĻʱЦ˭˵ⲻ˼Цѡ뽫ʥǰհĺʯЦ
㿴˾ĻһۣЦΣЦɽĳһ죬²оĻĺۼ
ĻĻһ˵û˭ĺۼһ
Ψһ˿;ĻԣһȴûȰ衣ֻ˿µΨҶʧһֱȻ֪ǰģ˺
Ҳδ뵽Ȼһ仰ԡڴʱҿһЦѡܳԽġ
ƽɫ־˺޵еܸᶨ˧ʹ֪ҪԽǲܵģǿȻվ̲סԸš
ͻȻãԼΨıȲոҲһԣվǷΪЦȥˡᵣʧܣһǰ
Ϊ⣬ص۲ΪӰɡʱ㣬Ӧú͵صǾ仰һģһɡ˭ܳԽϽȴһ˵Ȼ˵ԽҲƥС


1045 Һ
֪仰֮˶ȻἥЦ㲻ںǼЦѣȽ֤ǿȻܺݺݵĳЩЦ
ڵһһ˲ûдãĻʱʱļЦһδţڶԷûзϣãĻӸΪȳǳ֮вܶ䣬˴󵨡
ȹأǲܣڳǳǲܶġأһ˻ǷϵģϾûԸ׵ȵı
ڵһȼ򵥵˽һ֮˾ͼ··Ĳֻ㣬еһȵıߣҲȥǰ·ʵǱǿ롣
ƺƵȺ˳⣬֮󣬶رճţЩ˾Ҳûлͷ·
㿴ǰǰ·һǰΪһҽʿȻЩЩܶε˵ȴ㲻ʲô
ٶȼ죬ӰԶߣٶȿ磬Щ
㣡ǻעһЩֳ·;յģصأ˭֪ʲôԻСһЩ㡣
ֵĻո˵꣬ǰ͵죬סӰǰ濴˹ȥǰ˹
ЩȫڣÿһֻСţСͬŴϣ϶ͬӡ
΢΢סӰǰüͷ˵ʶЩʲô
һ漴˵ӦϣȫӲޱȣһĵκβǡϹŵĴ󺦣Ű½һ½ٶ츣ضЩϸƻҲΪ⣬ŭ˲ǿߣǿʩչֶΣɱ壬ʧڴ½ûټû뵽ȾȻܿǡ
ϣ̲סԺбĳһҿĵ伮ϸ½ɵľ޻һȻʵǿʤڶ࣬һЩ嶼ǡҪǼŭ̫壬ø֣»Ǵ½һ
Ȼⲻǵġ伫һҺųˮߴдãϹʱھ߽ҺۣͭǴһּõıҲΪⶫǵǿǿһ㵶
ö۾˵ռһЩҺΣ
鲻֪ٵϣ̲סһ˵ǵʵɱֻϴͿԣǰЩϿɲʮУҲֲáǿ̫ǿҪһƬƬɱѣʱУĥǡ
Ļ㿴˹ȥǰȷʵضϣ鿴ͷûǵİΧȦȷʵͷ۵ġ
һֻһֻϵĵͬ޺һͷƤ飬̲סһ·Ҳûб·ߣȻҪǽֵġʵ绯м䣬Ҳпһ·ʵҺǱдá
˵ͷ˵ЩҺҵİޣҵǸεĲſãҪܴȥ󣬵дá
˵ܼУ˭ܱ֤û
˵֮䣬гȥֲ׵ɨЩϣ˲˸мֻϱ֧飬иһҺң˹оϵҺ
ǿ塣̲סզ࣬׵繥ôǿһ׵ȥҲֻϱ֧飬ЩϱеĻҪӲһЩ
ܾЩϵļӲɼ֣ȻҲţϱ乥ȥ
ϼӲսȴ񱩵£һֻֻɱֻΪǵļӲɱޡ
͡
ЩϱɱҲŭ˹ȥһһ㣬ǽһĸ߸ߵͻȻ̮ͷƤ顣
ҲСӣȻǿͬʱǷȾ˹Ҫϣ˵ǿȶҪ˺ۡ
׵粻ϵı׵粻ϼʮײ£ɱһֻֻϡ
ЩϱɱҪȡҺȴµס޷ȡҺ
㲻òٴʩչֶΣϸɱʹˣкᣬɱʮϣòҺ
Ҳûа취Է޷ӵ⣬ɱͬʱӰҲǰ첽ƽ
ɱһϣͬʱѿϾָ֮һ
㶨ۿȥȻǰʹһȦͷһƬϡ
ȥɱ⼸ֻЩ˷ܣҺޱȣε˶ãҪܽҺٴδ壬ʵٴγ
ʱĿǾĲӵĲΣԼʵĻᣬԸŹ
˹ȥ⼸ֻȥ˵ıʮֲֿȴ졣
üһŭϲҲû뵽ôֲǵȥûܶ˺֪⼸ֻǿҲ⼸ֻҺǿ
ֻҲЩʹ趯ǵĳ˾˹
ʵǿֻи߽״ʵǵļӲ㶼̫С׵籩ʮ׵粻ϳŰӲʬˡ
ͬû֣ڷӿ£ŷʬ
Щ˷ܵİҺչΣͷɱҲЩϲⶫԼǿһЩ
˳ɱϵʱͻȻź˳źпȥԶһͷСĽϻ̤϶ϱ̤̤ķ飬ͬСɽһƶ¶ⶢ㣬ʮˡ
ϻʣ˶һۣ¶˼־֮ɫżֲ֮ɫ
ھ̲֮ס˷ϻʰǿȾͷĴڣҪܰɱõҺĻǶдáðųȹâҪ˵ҺõĻϻʵҺǿ벻ɵõĶŷ÷ϴ壬ֱһﶼҪࡣ
㣬ҪҪϣȵĶǰϣĿ⿴㡣
ϣΪʲôϣıǰܴ˵֣绯ɣ
ĭҲĵ˵ͷȻϻʿֲջȴðˡ


1046 ʥ֮
ͬʱֱͷϻʶȥ죬߼лϻʡ
໡
ϻʺһִɨ춯أӿֶ򲨶ϯأ죬ӭˡ
ӲԽȺײһɫ䣬󵹷ɳȥɫءԷǿףԼһȻһۼû¡
ɫҲϻȻֻǵ۾ĲΣӲ壬һ۾Ķ֡
㣡绯һְɣһѶԸ㺰
˵ͷ绯ߣٴιֱֳƿֲգֱֱնֻϻʡ
໡໡
ϻ˲ϯͬһϾˣܾ⿪գޱȡ
ͶԷײһ𣬱֮ϯľŰաӰˣ¶Ȼ֮ɫϻȻҪǿϼ֣˹£Ҳδκε˶Է
ϻʱҲŭ趯ͬӵɨ˹ȥ޻ΡϹŲ㷨򣬷ޱȲϼ
ʽ򵥣϶ԷӲޱȵľȣСӣ趯һ⼤
ϻǱ׾ģĲǿͼӲ塣ƾЩһĵ۾Ҵâ㼸ȴգ£趯򣬵۲ϼеĵϵĴ˹ȥ
ƾٶȣϻʷ֮ǰ뿪
ϻʼӲ˲ϵĹ£Ҳһۼɫϳ˺ۡ
໡໡ϻʸǲϵĺ趯Ⱦܣÿһۣϵ趯֮䣬Ӳӣòܿ
ҲŶԷȵ˲䣬绯һϵĳϻʶȥ񱩣ϻ໽
˺ĹֹϻڳܲסϳһѺۡ
һĻϲٽ
ϻʴʱҲȻ໽һʼķֲķ˿˼ģľϯ֮䣬ֲˣһδҵĹͿ񱩣Ը潻档Ƕϻʱŭʼƴˡ
һ۾ƴǲСӣܿâ˭Ըʱϻƴ
໡໡
ϻ໽֮䣬Ҳһ˸ΧȵòӭסЩϡϻʲϵķ򲻶ϯһĹܿ
˺俪ӿǵϣ㣬ҪͷϻˣҪȻǲ
Ҳͷۣ˺սʤϻʲڻ¡ɶԷҪƴĻҪһҲϾһͷ
㿴ϻʺһɹѲ쫷磬̲סüͷӿ绯ͨɱ
㲻Ըȥ绯趯ֵ۷ֲķ֮鲼ȫ޴Ӱ۶ɣ֣֮ѹ¡
ǿֲģ绯ʩչǱױȵϯֲһֱֱĸϻʶȥ
ϻ⸲Ƕ֮ɫҲ¶˾壬ҪߣǱ׾㲻ˣֻ趯ֲķҪסһ
࣡
㿴ŶԷȻҪӲӣ̲סһٴʩչƵľƴŷ֮ϵͬʱշѹ¡
໡
һǰһϻϣϻȻӲޱȣ£Ĳҽ񱩵ϯ쫷磬쫷ɨܵ϶ߣϻʵܣȻһƬյء
ͨǿֲģʹϻʵļӲ嶼һѷ죬ԭĹҲƶ绯ͨش
ϻӲͨ£Ȼδ䣬ֻϳһѷ죬ٴγԾǿ
ɴʱȻĻᣬֱֳȥϻʵѷ첻ϵϻڲı۾
ϻ䣬ʩչֶΣ壬ҪõеҺ

ԶһĹâɨÿɨ֮䣬ϷֱУȻһâһ·Զ龳㣬ڰϻʵʱĿ̲סһ
ֻĻֳһѺɫꪣɢļϢŷ򲨶趯һ񱩵ϵϯ
ꪱǿֲģϯһؼ䣬ÿһ趯ޱȣʹ˼Ӳ֮¶׵ĸնɱ
ⳤһ㣬֮һжܵסķâ
Ļɫɣһ·һ·ӣһȦѹǰƽ
ϻʣĻɱһȺȺϼ䣬ϣ۾͵һ¶̰֮ɫ֪ϻʵļֵǿٴνһΡ
Ļеĳɲϵ趯ÿ趯֮ЩΧϸɱ
֧кУĻߵǰֳֳꪶЦе˵㣬ּˡ
㿴˶ԷһۣϻʲеҺУһֻӵĲӬߵﶼܸ
ĻĻɫ˼֣еҺ˵˵ⶫҪأ
㵱ûԷĻһҺ䵽ĽָУ𻹴ûбһҲ⡣
ĻĻӹЦ㣬㲻ںʯд¡ΨҶѡ𣿽ձӾʰ㣬ΪȵһЦ
Ļ˵֮䣬еĳɨʱɨһâޱȵĹâ磬ɫһң趯һӰӰ˲䱻âҴϻʿϣϻʿǾȻ롣
̲סһʱǶôжƿϻʵĿǣȴû뵽Էһƿ
ʥۿžĻеı֪һʥҪȻԲ
ףΪʲôԷаԼˡ
ܿһĻЦе˵ٶȵͦġΣʥ֣ҪƳߣҰʥӺͳʥӵҰʥԶʥӵеԴΨʥȴûС
㶢žĻӣӰΧڳУɫҲѣŵҲɣ
ĻӹЦûʥԲ֪ǿǵ۾ǰҲҪ˼ɼ֡ʲôʥʥܵ۾Ҳǲ㵱Ϊǵս̨治ɣ
ĻӵĻۿŶԷ˵ϲϵ̨Ҫѹѵ㻹
ߣĻӺһɫʮֲÿ˵սȲ㡣
һжıˡĻĿ㣬ûʥ޷㣬ȣиʥõ


1047 У
ðꪾŵҲɣ㿴ŶԷЦӰԶߣ趯俪ϣҪб¾׷
㲻ɡֳֳꪵľĻıǣӰ趯׷ȥ
Ļӵ۾Ҫ׷ȥȴס˴ܣǴʲô֣ҪĻ档
ڵ۾һζ壬Ȼ˵սʤˣǵסƬȴڻ¡Ȼ⣬绯ȫ˸ʲô̫⡣
;ĻһǰһԶߣĻ趯ųꪣꪼһâȥÿζܿЩϣϱķֱ
㣡㲻ΨҶôѧӣĻӶ㣬дűġ
㿴žĻӣӰ͵סžĻ˵ֻǲЩӴǶѣҪ򡣡
˵꣬ڵϯֲ֮䣬趯г趯âɨԷ
֪Ļһڵɨ趯ʱ׹⣬׹⾪ˣɨ֮䣬ն켹
Էһĳһ㱻ĵѪеĵȻҲһȱڡ
кȻдżֲ֮ɫʥ̫ǿˣֱԤϡԼĵȻԷһȱڣ֪Էʥֲˡ
ߣҰʥӾҰʥӣվȲǡĻӶЦǴűĻȡ
㿴ͶԷҲ˵г趯ᴩУĽⲻϵ¡
Է趯ĽӰ˿⣬гꪲϵ趯ÿ趯֮䣬Ȼĳˣ趯֮䣬ɹɷââ㲻Ҵ䣬Ӱܿꪡ
ߣǿΣûʥվȲЩʥӡĻӳꪲϼ䣬âֲضҪնϡ
ңβϱܿԷһֱ趯ŵǬʩչռ֮ƿأģ趯ռ仯
ɣ
һռ䣬ѾĻӾȥ㲻ҽĻӵŸִҪʩչɶĳꪸʥ£޴ֵĸоһʵܵԷѹƵġ
ֻܶϣѹƶԷΪԼռ
СгꪵסĻӣĻ¶м֮ɫ㵱κε𣿡
Ļ˵꣬гɨȥõ۾ҪһЩƿȻͬ˺ֽһ˺ѿȻ׵˺ѡ
̲סһû뵽ʥֲֵزԼ˺ѿ
Ļ㿴ۣʥȴʵʱľĻӣԵ۾°ɡǵ۾Ҳ㲻ҽʥ
ʥֲ̫ˣ趯ķâ׵˺˵塣
ʥ£ʵܵѹƣҪԼٶȹ죬¶Ҫʰˡ
ģдȴ޿κΡ㲻Ը⶯绯ϾԷʥֲ㶯绯ܽҲκβ˶ԷҪСıʥ绯Ҫܴ
ȥĻӺһɲϵ趯
㵱Ϊʥҫɣһ˵Ȼܽɱһʿ
˵֮䣬ӡһƵ׵͸Ƶ׵͸۳һֲ׵硣
֮ףף
һ֮джʩչԴʱʵʩչײѡ
ֲ׵绯޴ķ׭ǵž춯֮׵¡¡죬ҵı֮䣬ЩܵҲľ֣ʼӴ
׵κﶼСӣҿ
ףط׭֮ŭ䡭
Уһִͬȵ׵£֮նֲ׵֮֮ŭŰ֮ļ¡
Ļɫ˱䣬ҲСӣоȻܱ˿ֲ׵֮ǵض£ء
ĻӲСӣг趯â鲼ȫȣ׵£ĳꪱ򣬺׵ײȥ
䡭䡭
ֲ׵Űżϵɽ̿
Ļӱֲϵ趯ꪼâ׵罻һ
Ĳϵĺˣǳȴסһ׵Ĺоȣżֲ֮ɫֱǷ˼
ֲ׵磬۾ͷ¶Ҫʩչ򿹺⣬Сӡ
ǶԷֻһʥӣȻҲеʥûаѷ򱩶£ЩȻˡ
ʥʥô𣿡ֹǰҲʥӶʥȴûоĻӿֲ
Ȼ֪ǰʥʥӲǺʥʮϣʱľĻȻûдﵽʮϣҲ߰˳ɡʥˣʵҲ֡
׵粻ϵĺ£þĻеʥϵ趯סһ׵趯
㿴һĻɫأ֪׵ҪԷһ鷳⣬ҪܶԷѡ
뵽⣬ٴ趯žĻӴ˹ȥһᴩޱȣֱĻҪ
ĻӼ¶˼Ц͵ˡ
˵꣬ꪱΪֲķ򣬵סһ׵磬ͬʱâ㡣һǾĻıѾõģǵ
㿴İâɫ͵һ䣬Ӱ͵趯еĳҲ˳ȥȫĵȫᴩ档
ס˰âƬ̣۶ϣ̶ʱ䣬ңʩչ˲䵽˼Զĵطܿһ
㿴Լùõĵͱ۶ϣɫҲЩÿ
Ļӿֻǻٵһѱͬɫû뵽쵽ֵزıѾõĹˡ
ߣܵĵͦģĻӶ˵Ӵûˣκͱ򣿡
㿴˾ĻһۣΪ׵ͣ¶ϣûȤͶԷٴȥԷʥԼҪѣ绯ܶԸԷ
ҪŰĵطֵðաܰܶԷʥ˵ǺιЩϡ
뵽⣬һʥȷʵˡձȻ۶ձ𲻺ˡ
˵꣬ӰԶߡϵĵûһۣ
ΣǰѵԭͲˡһֱҪһѳֵıȴʼûҵ
֪ҪҵʺԼıѡҵʱҲȥҵı⣬۵ȴûС
˿̱ĻʥһҲҪõһʱ뷨ҪȻԷʥԼȻһʥӶκβˡ
ЩӰϵԶߣ֮ͬʱǣҲˣԶͬʱߡһ·׵ϯһ·ӳϵİΧȦ֮⡣


1048 
ȵڶȣһ˵Ե깹ڶһʥ˸𡣶ڹڶȵʱ򣬳һͷޣŮʧ󱻲ɱ
˵ʥӱŭնɱޣ֮ǹǳأ޵ѪҺԴȪǳؾıйҲΪԭǳܸܲоһѹֱС
Ȼⲻ˵ģ˶֪˵ԭǡλڵڶȹ֮ѳڵڶȣ˴ԣڶλӵĿΪͬʱıҲڵڶС
Բ֪˶ãȴûһ˼еĶֻڵڶȷʵܸоֱУͬʱȪԴҲŵѪ֮ζ
㲽ڶȣŵľǵڶǾ޴ĵܣ޴ΰҪľ޴Ǹݴ˵̳ġվ£оԼͬһֻϡ
˵ڶȣʹֱڶȵжȥ
ȷչ˲֪꣬и嶼һ˽ȻԹһӵаʮһľ޴ǳصĹȡķչȱ鲼ǿˡ
رطԴͻǿ߱½Ҫ׼֡ÿһǳضĵ̣жǿû֪ÿһʥӽһ仰ҪȵĹأҪȻĶ֪
˵ĵطȻнȸ̾ᡣͬ˵ĵطнףҪȻҪеԴ
ڸǳУһ޴ĽжǸҪԴйеҩҩģӦоУ
ʱУ˵õϻʵҺΪǴһҩʦȻ֪ΰⶫЧӵ£ǰһЩϡ
Ȳò˵ĵطѰĶܿҵҪϺ׾ҵ
Ȼ˲ٵĴ۲ŰЩϲѡڻȡЩ֮Ȼô׼뿪ǳһطҺʵ
˽ʱȴֺܶ˶ĿȵĶǣ߹ÿһ˶Ͷ̰Ŀ⡣͵͵ĹۿȴǳĶǡ
üͷѹ˵ûзǳص˶һǣ
ͬü˵ͷ˵ͻȻ֮䣬Щ˶ʶƵģÿһῴǣżֳȡ
õȷϣһ²⵽ʲôԵˣԼȵõƷõϻҺҪ˵̰ľֶˡ
ĻӲýǳأȴһֱûðͷȻȥʲôˣЩ˵ı²⣬ĻӺܾܿȥɢõֶϢˡ
浱㲻ɡбŭԸ;ĻӲƴɲ˶ԷʱԷСһʱ޵˼㡣
ɫЩƣ˵Щ¶;̫һҪҺ⣬ǻСһ¡
ĻɨһЩˣҪǾԣ
ҲЩˣʱʱĹ£ųȥ
ЩȵĹأڳǳزᶯ֡ڳǳؾǰȫģȴԸ˶ڳǳءһԵڱ¡
Ȼųǳȥܶ˾ĸ
ߣһδ֪ǰȥ
˳ǳأǳв˸˳ȥǳزԶĵǰ
ˣҲ˻۵ԽԽ࣬Ŀɨǰ˵
ǰ߱ȳ⣬ɫһ䣬ȴƿǿ𼸷Ӳ·ǴҵģΪҪÿߣȻߡ
Է㣬ɫҪʲôĵ׺˵һ飬ҪȻ
Ǵҵ·ҡǰ˻Ʊʲôȴᡣ
гͨĳì͵ǰͶȥìգ͵ļȥɫ䣬Ҫܿǳì磬ܱܿġδ˵꣬ͱìᴩ֮ϣ˳ųìɹѪҺ͸ϵڵ֮ϣ߲ʵı۾˵ϡ
˵飡㶢ŵǰµļ˵ʲôⱾ֪Ҫǲ͹
־ɱһͬ飬ЩɫҲ԰ȷʵҪϻҺͬ˼ʥӵʵ˶ˮ㣬ûĺ㽻ֵ
˿ֺ˺֮ġ
ģʥΪʲôû֣дʿ뿪ȴвǰ
ǣһǰȥ
ɱܵõҺ˵лʥӲΣĻ󰡣οԷƷǿ汦ȺһһȺйĶˣȻϣ˶֡
֪һָ͵һ㣬һ⼤˳Уʱһ屬ѿѪըѿ
ȺбҲ𣿡ۿһ¶ˣһҺУҪҺУҪе͹в֪մȾ˶ѪҺںմȾһЩ
˵֮䣬ǰһˡֻҪ˵ǰ棬㶨Ȼǰ
Ѫȵɱ֮˾̰ȴû˸ȳ֡
ºôİӵıȻ˴ġһЦԶ˵ʥӣӣҲǡ֮Уûӵõıﱻӡ
ڴЦ֮䣬ԶӰӰǰеҺ¶̰֮ɫ벻һؾĺö
ϴ֣˵̲סϴһƬҲСΪͶСܴﵽ澳Ҳ˿ӽˣͻ¾Ҫ޽ˡһֱڱչأҪѰͻơ
Ҫͻƴ֮ѣʹǱչؽӽʮ꣬δͻơȴû뵽ҲҺ
ȻȲʥӡջۣҲ۵ļΪۺˣһĴ涥Ҫǿϲ١ʮһͣǳȥϾͻġʱһЩϼһȣһʥӻҪǿ
ǰˣȻȲʥӣҲֲͬ˺սʥӦò̫⡣˳֣ٴδ˾񡣽˶ʰ˶ԷòϻʵҺõҺҲ
㿴ǰֵߣǴżּϲ֪ԼԽԽˡ
ͬҲ֪ԼһʥӶѣȻںʯΨҶѣЦϷĴϴϴЦǴż
Էˣҡҡͷ˵ЦĴˣ԰εɡ
˵֮䣬Ӱ£磬һֱϴϴͳ˹ȥ


1049 
ꡭ
ԭΪʥӣҪԸһ˶Ҫ˼ϾѾнľˣ۵ǼΪġ벻ǣһƳȥԷȻĻᶼûУͱУһѪ˳˶ڵϣһƾȻȷѪ
һĻ㶣жż𾪣ǵ
ȴǾĻᣬһȭȭĺ˳ȥֲľϯܻ߱ƬըѿѪɢһأɱȻֻһȺˣֲɱвϵʩչ
ӲɱˣȻԷ⣬ǾɱĺǻҲҴԼ⡣
һȭȭ趯ÿ趯ȻڷǸ߽״棬²һ֮ڡףǶôǿо壬ȴû·ˡ
һƬƬѪ걻ɱѪζ̼ЩˣһԭҲĿɱ
һְ˴󺰣֪ƾԼһ˵ǵסԷģϣһ֣ǿѵܵסԼȫ˲ɣ
㿴ųߣ趯УһҲʯ쾪֮
ûб趯еȭͷ²ɵһȭһߴķѣѪҺѪ֮䡣ɱֵ㣬ٲǾڵɱֱ趯ÿ趯֮䣬ȻѪɣʬǻĩ̤նУ߷ʬĽ£ħͷ
ɺľҲס㿿Լһ·ߵв֪մȾЩǵֱ
Ҫ˵ħΪ
ֶɱУ趯֮ϯûܴâЩΪ˶κε㡣Ǻܿ췢֣ڶԷٶȺͿռ֮ƿ£˶𲻵áҪ˵ãҲɱ˸ѡ
ˣ˿Ʈ֮䣬Ľɨɨǧǰͷ­ɣᴩǵ壬ѪҺѪĿѪȡ
ѪգѪȾ쳤գɱУŭսķ֮ܵһͬݿıɱѪ衣
һ̣˲׶Էǲսʤģɫ԰ף⣬Ҫ뿪Ѿɲˣÿξ֮䣬Ȼ䡣
ħͷħͷ
޹˼ɴƬɱˣоɫҰ׵ľԶӴܣҪӳɱ
Ҵ⣬Ǿ͵øۣɱ۾𵴣ӿͬˮȥ˱סʱһƬѪ꣬Ѫζ֮䡣
ϴҲȻĿһĻ޷ʥǿֵزǶ̲סҪߡǻᣬѪ̤ߣ⻯һ齣ֱֱɨһ
ԷҪ㣬һޣңڶԷ֮䣬Ĵ˶ԷУȻûйᴩԷҪᴩֱһȭĳ˲䱬ѿԷ˲䱬ѣ֫ǵǡɱһˣٴΰĿ⿴һˣŵǬסԷ·ռ֮ѹ£Ĺͷ顣
ϴжûܵסͱ㳹׵ɱ
˱ɱ˸Ƕ֣ﻯһƬѪȾأҵľߵУЩս⣬Ͱ㵱ħͷ
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㣡ҪɱˣЩ˷»ɱ¾̲סѵɱȥͳ׵Ļٵˣʵħͷ˵ʲô¡
֪˼ôࡣ³ħҲ±Ȼ˸Ҵ⣬ɱֺη
ɲϱһ⣬һ⼤֮䣬һ߻ѪȾ쳤ա

֮ǰ·ֵʱȫǰܱˣȫ֯Чֵ㡣
һ㣬һӣѹֱȥֻʦ棬ĥԵħͷ
ɱ֮󣬾Ļվеʥ趯סһ˼ˡ
žĻӳ֣ԭɱƵ˲ҵƵģȻžĻ˹ȥĿ㡣
ⲻ𣿡㿴žĻӣĻһֱһɱˡҪһĻȻȫ
ĻȻϣۿȻ˵ɱ¾ĥԣȲ㡣
ЦžĻӿɵһ㵱ܻ𣿱ħΣΪеħͷ˺ɱΣһɱһһ˫ɱһ˫жñɱģɱĶ࣬Ȼĺ
ĵĿžĻӣ֪ԷǹҪѳΪС㲻ںǿ߲ܾĻơ߶ѣ»ꡣ
ĻĻüͷҲ͵ߵ˱Ӿͺúý̽ˡΪ˸ոȥߣҲҪ㸶һЩۡ
仰ʱ߶žĻӸж£һĻӳֶԸ㣬ɱħͷ
ЦžĻ˵ǻˣҪҪʰңƾʥ𣿵Ϊ²ɣ
㿴žĻӣͷ绯ߣ绯סԷ۾ɱ˶Էӡ
绯΢΢üͷ˵ԷʥޱȣȻʵǿʥʵܵѹƣ绯Ÿá
ҡҡͷ˳֣Ըʮþȣɱǣɱ֮ҡȻʥҪʰȴҲܡ
ô˵ŵͷ绯׼ΧԷ۾ӡ
ÿһΪʥӣǲ˻Ĵ壬Ǵֱʡһپǲ۾ͷﶼǴʱĸ۾ţòľǾȣƽѵüһ
Ǵʱףһʼ⣬ͱذɡ
;Ļ׼ֵʱԶͻȻѪⱬӿѪϴ˴Ѫ֮ζն˼ֲҡ
˿ͻȻѪ⣬Ҳɻ󲻽⡣
䡭䡭
죬ֲѪϣնӡѪޱȣ˵ۿѪ⣬ʹǳе˶
;Ļͣ˴򶷣Ŀ⼯еԶգѪ⣬ѪⲻϵĿԶһ㲻ϵ
䡭
ٴһ죬ѪΪʵԶĵ㲻ϵı󣬽ܿʲôѪ⡣
ǡ
ǳв˵ɴ۾ŲĶ¶˾ɣܿǾʲôȻٶȿ磬ԭزǿߣʱҲ
˿Ѿ쵽ǰĶڣȥ˹ȥ


1050 湬
ɻĿǰǰֵһȫѪѪޱȡһϵĿܿ͵ǰ
㿴ɻ󣬵еĲȴɫˣ
湬Ȼٴγˣ

˷ܣ򱼹ĿⶼеټĹϣ鼤۾Ѫ죬⹬ɢѪ໥ӳա
;ĻӶüͷƾճеľ޴󹬵⹬֮УѪɫĹâϵıƾޱȡ;Ļӵ˶ɫصĿ⹬
˱⹬ϵıĺʮ׾޴Ĺţһĺ£һ졣
㲻֪ЩΪʲô裬һһ߾УץŶԷʵ⹬ʲôͷ
ű湬ŵŭɫĿ㣬ֱ͵˦Ҫ˦ߡ
ԷˣһһƳڶԷϣһ˼ɻȳݣѪˮ˳
߱һ飬ŭ𷴿ȴָźҪǲͻشʲô
ԭŭ˲䱻ȻĿ㣬ָ¸Ͻشǹ湬һɵ
ɵ𺳣ûмʶɵϽʱõ񽣣ǿҪУδܽģΧѾɵĲˡ
ͱɵĿֲܽ롣ͬģɵ֮еıҲ䷱ࡣ
㿴ǰɢŹɹѪĹȴôҲ벻һɵ
ȻɵΪζƵӿȥѵǲ֪ɵôΣ𣿡ɻʵ
ǲɵͱɵͬɵȻΣգΣϵЦȫܽġ˵У˷ܵĺ湬ٳ֣ųһΣƯģÿγ֣ȻСҪܵõеһеĻǳʹȵĶϽҲУк֮ʥӱʵһǧ
ϽҲйеõĪô㼫Ϊȣɵʲôͷ
㲻֪ǵͨǿµģѪȵѪͷ޵ѪҺġȻ֪ǲģػмֿܵġĵˣŹС˰ɣ
ɨ˶ԷһְۣѶԷһԣĿ⿴ɵʱ湬ĴѾ˴ˣڹŴ֮󣬸ŨҵѪ֮
㲻뵽湬֣ȷʵá
ɵ򿪣Щ˷һɵȥĴС
һۣҲû˼ĻˡҲӰɵȥ
ĻȻŹᣬȼȥһվͷŹ㣬ȱӽɵʰ㡣
һ˼ȥʱڳǳеΨһʥҲͬٶʩչ£ɵͬʱһڶΪԶʥӣҲ
湬һ˵ڹ湬ûʲôΣգֻҪãܵõö湬ֵʱҲޣһ㲻ʱԣҲΪʲô߷ӿԵ֮һ
湬źܶഫ˵ŵģǻǿǸԼλ޲ɱ˵ġ
ʲô˵ڸǲ˹湬֮еıء湬ֵĴ࣬ÿһζ˵õıء
빬㣬ʱǰһĻǰһĴվڴ֮Уһ˾ͬһ㡣ⲻ𺳵ģ𺳵ǣʯ嶼Ѫз·ѪҺƵģһɹѪӿ֣յѪ죬ֻһɫʣǾѪɫʡ
ڴˣһѪɫȻյȴһ޵ϡ㿴Σ뵽ǰŴʵۣǵκⲢ
ֻǣε΢΢죬ƺʲôŵյģޱĶ
֮оӵȵҲ̵ӡһЩʽӰ˶ûйע˼䣬εķ򱼹ȥ
Ϊ׵ļǴ󵨣ɢŵۻϵȥ

ǻδϣ͵ըѿѪƮ䣬ڴʯϣʯȻЩѪҺ˽ȥ
͡
˵̲סһȻĿΣҲܽӽΣȴ£һ¶Ȼڷ
㿴һĻǴżЦ뻪Ҳģǲ֪
ȻҲ޴Ĺ⹬޲ţȥտеӣǰ߸ϵΣ
ҿһҵͬѰ֮ġв˺빬ô󣬾ԲֻֻҲ·ѡ
㿴ǿյ죬뵽Լõ飬ȱٵһ顣
뵽ĻһȺҲ뵽ǶĿתƵϣвѾ֪õˡ
㹫ӣܴܲ򿪴һ߿˵
ɨ˶ԷһۣĶԻᰲţ˵
Цϵҵ棬ձĻӶЦ
ԷӰһȥ
վס齻Ļŭеʥ˹ȥ磬̴أâɨ˳ȥ㲻òܿ
óáĻӶ˵
Ķֲ˵ãһһϾŵǬŤתպ˳ȥ
Ļܿ˴󺰵һ֣ó
Ļ˵꣬Ӱٴһ˹ȥеʥ趯һдУĹ㡣˼оĻӳ֣Ҳżġ֣ͬ
㹫ӣóɡ
֪ĻʥԼҪ˼ɼ֣Щ˾ȻҲû٣ǻˡ
н⼤Ȼ֮ƣ˹һߡ
Ļʥ趯Цڱӳֺ㻹ɱ˲ɣ
Ҫɱˣ㻹ס
˵ʱ򣬼׵ٴαĽ⣬Բ˼ĽǶȼ

żҽУֵ屬ѿѪҺڹУȫա
Ӱ趯ңʩչ£еͬնһϵնɱһߡһɱ¾еѪ֮ζʵ
ȻЩذյѪҺ֮ڴҲһâЩâ֣һ׭׭Ȼľס˼ˣ⼸˾ʧ֮С
һĻò㶣˲²⺰ѵ˵Щ׭ǽеţ
ɻ󣬵־úпܡҪȻνȥһҪĻûеõĶϽνģǵЩǰνģ
ѪҺôգ֮׭빬֮С˲۾Ѫ죬ߡ


1051 ħ
֪ѪҺܽ빬һЩжԹˣڿʼԶԷ֡һƬɱ֮Уɱ쳹Ż죬ͬѪƮɣ֫Ȳϼ䣬˼һ㡣
ѪƮУճֵķ׭ԽԽ࣬˾Уʧ
ĻҪ飬뵽⹬ֻܴʱҲ˷ʱϣһ׭׭ߡ
лӶᣬȻҶ֣Ϊ·
ԷÿΣδȡ飬Се䲢ûзײûм仯
㶣ԼǲˣпյԵʡ뵽⣬Ҫȡ㷢֣ŽȥףҪóȴѡ
һȴ޿κΡ
вʵ㿴ǰΣһҧȻȥ
˿ٶһľһﲻҪ˰ɡûոε³֪ôģȻʥӣɾܵסͨµĹ
˼ѾΪȫըѵĳ档˲ŵǣȻû˶ըѣȻȵ֮ϡ
ôܣֻЩ˾ȣͼʥӶ¶塣
˵ľ֮УιâǣѪ㸲ǣмķ׭׭㣬˽ȥ
ɽȥ֮ٴλظԭ״Ҳ
һ߿һĻһǺܿ˷䣬αȥҪϡ
ͬ

ȴɫҰףʮҪÿһըѻѪ͸ʯ֮С
ģΪʲôֻܣ˴ȴٴγˡ

ʱҲɫ԰ףոʱͬػһΣѪģ͸ѪҺɻڽӴѪҺ֮͵ջȥ֮󱩶׭ɽȥ
ոһȴܵشˣһԼĺ󱳣ԼӲĺһƬ
ǿҲΪԼѪҺˣҪȻҲҪһѪֹһȴһʱðεʱ򣬾ԼΪ˻᲻⣿¶ˡˣȻΣ
һΪԼʩչ˲ҽơ
о֮Ŵܡ쳣İһĻ԰԰һСֻЩˮͬѪҺһʺޱȣС֮УϵðݣͷƤ飬ǲһѪء
԰ŸֻһǣĻѪɫģضѪɫ
üͷĻ԰߹ߵСİߣ㾪ȵǣС֮һ飬ǿš
յĲ֪ٻʱȴ͸һɹ֮ϵâǿʼʧ
âɢɫ䡣鵱˲֪ٻ𾧣ֲ̺ܿ¡ǱâǷӡеġҪûķӡȻᱬ
޷ǹôǿǲ潻ģ
ԿâɢȻԶߡ
ԶߵͬʱҲ͵ıܷصĻ汬ͬըһ㣬޾ĻһֱֱĺСϡ
ռųޱȵ¶ȣ¶ȼʹԶԶ㶼ܸоĵȫܵסЩˡ
ǣЩ˳ȻδԻ԰еֲһ˿һӰ죬ʹڵĻ棬ҲֻǾСķΧڡҪоɹˣʲôûз
ֲĻգСѪĺˮѪɫϵԭСڶ̶ʱ䣬ͱ֮
ɲϵıӿ𽥵ļǿСĺˮ㾪ȵǣСĺˮ֮µĺˮȴͬճҺ
˵ĺˮѪҺĻǴʱĺˮѪѪҪճ
һˮܿĲʮ֮һʱ鱩ɢҲûһֱֱĵճҺĺˮУմ˼˻
ʱŸǰŴ̱ǵѪζĿСס
СȻĳһѪĴ֣ɷ裬ʱȴڷЩճĺˮ
ħ
㿴źϰ״Ĵ֣дżɻִʲô˼
ճĺˮϵĹ䵽ħУһ㿪ʼħȾϵĴ۵Ѫ죬ǿ˴ĿģѪޱȡ
ճĺˮܿͰħֹڹ֮ħҪһʯţһʯţüͷ뻹СѾɿݵСУħϣ͸оһϯ
ϯ㣬㼸ĻᶼûУͱ͸С
͸УʱѪĿ۾ѪҪǴʱ˿ĻȻܷĶͷϣҲһħָ֣ħִɫʼתѪɫ
ģоԼҲҪȾȥ궼ҪͬʱҪΪһѪħͷ
뵽⣬д󼱣ҧסݣס񣬷ĵֵС
СЩĿֲֹȴǿй䵽УĻᶼûС
۾𽥵Ѫ죬ѪϢпʼϵɢҪħɢ϶Ϊһ
֮ǿȣزУʥУδңҧӡ֤ԼĴãȻٶȱһЩˡ
֮ħҲħԸħƫɣҲԸΪʥҧ۹סȫҪס롣
ΨҶѣ˭ǿȣ
ħΪգΪ󣡡
㲻ϵĺУӡ֤Դӡ֤Ϊ̡ȴ롣˫۾ѾѪ쵽£ѪϢϲɫͷħѪ⡣
ۿҪħӡ֤Ҳϵļ
꣬ĵֵ֮Уħֲ̫Ҳ͸Ÿֲбɱ¾Ѫȣ꣬ҪһжȾħϢ
ôҧֱƾ֮סĵȷʵǿҪǱͱͬˡȴάȨ
ȨҲֹۣʼ꣬ĽȾ꣬Ⱦɱ¾Ϣ
Ҫ˳ħѵλǰħˣкȻϽ꣬ҪȥȻʧȥңɾͱƵħ


1052 
Ѫϵ͸ϵһ۾Ѫһɹɿ񱩺ѪȵϢϵ͸ӿ֣ޱȡ
֮򷨲֣ΨҶѣ
ҧݣԼѣӡ֤Ȼܼ͸ȴĴ֮Ͼ̫С͸£Ҳʲô
겻ϵıʴȾһȾһѪɫɫŤ
ףҧݣ͸УҪסꡣװûб͸ꡣȴûб̫ϣϾ͸ֲ̫ˡ˵һ澳һ۾Ҳ͸治ܵסЩ͸
װ꣬ҲףҪͬףҲҲûУЩɹӿ롣
ģд󼱣ԭΪ׾㵲סҲܵסƬ̣ȻʲôӿУԼǳҪͬ
㾪ʱȴз˸ı䡣ԭ񱩣Ѫȣɱ¾̵ȻƽӴ겢ûͬꡣ
ɹУͬһ飬֮Щɢ׻ס겻ʴ
ϲͬҲ׵ãȻı䣬׵ޱȣײ£Ȼܸıԡ
׻ס꣬ȴɲ͸Ҫȥסλã׸ո͸ȥ񱩵ӿ괦
״ʱǿȣֻܻס꣬뻤סĵطȴ
ɲϵ뵽УͷħԽԽŨɫʡȻ㻹ס꣬ҡ屻ϵĽȾʱ¶ԼĿơ
Ķħ̬
ô죿оЩ뵽Уǿӡûһ˿ϲʹҪðѪħ֡
оһж޷ʱһ޴Ķӿֶ𵴶ԭ͸Ȼֹͣ·𶳽һ㡣
ٴһħпɱ¾ȻҲ͸壬ȵħУ˿ûнһһ

ϣеȻʼ𵴣ڵڲϵɢͷħѪɫҲ
ʮڵȻȫʧָ屻ơ
Ŷ㾪ȣ벻Ŷ֣Ȼ˿ֲ׵Ĵ
ѾϵĴ𵴶ָжĿ⿴ħ֣ɷħճѪɫĿĵѪ쿴ͷƤ飬رǾĸոһĻָоǿҡ
ֻڶ£ħ̺Ŀֲûٴαȫħ֮У㿴ħ֣ܸоеĵ޵еɱ¾Ͳ޷ĵģҲһ޵аĵ
ħħϽߵлǰ
ħ֣ȴħΪ֮һ֣һǵ۶ɵģȴ顣
һλȻҲҪǣһ仰ŵħûбͬȻȫˣ
о˼飬ոĿֲʶֵܵҪ׺͹ŶնȻΪʧҵħǶϽȻħѵ뿪ˣôģ
ŶϽµһ֣һԶϽڹ湬õĪĺô֮һǧغЩйϵֶβʧҵĻȻܽЩЩֲҪõĻһǧﲢڻ¡ңϽ֮ȳƺΪħºⲢûй
ո͸УԼǿ˲١Ϸӡ֤ʹҲ࣬ǳ͸ոһʵһɡڴﵽʥӲε˵ǲ˼ġ
ϽסЩʴһֱȥĻõĺô϶ҪԼĶࡣ
ϵⶦ֮£ħֵճѪˮȻŰ׾޴ħ룬һССĹʮСҲռħֵʮ֮һС
֣㾪治ѣ˭Ҳû뵽ħ¾ȻһС
ƮȥСУ빬֮УӭǹɹɵѪ֮λĶ£ӿܿ
СһŲٵͼͼһǳأĿŵͼ˵ǰʮһǳأ͵һȵڶʮơ
ȵͼ㾪ȲѣֱֱĶŵͼ
ܿͷ֣ĳǳǰһнɵģȻֻڵͼϿ㻹Ǹоĵһһ
㾪ǣÿǳ֮ľԶֻ֮ǹճȣʲôȴȫ֪ȴɽЩڰ֮С
ȳǳعյϸǳ֮ĵطֻĹռʣȻճ⸱ͼ͸оǳڰ֮Ƶġ
ӦþڸԳǳ֮λáŵͼȴûйճŵͼļֵ߰̾һǳְѵͼ˽ȥȻֵߣȷʵܶԼȵĴԼˡҲһƣ
ȡߵͼ֮Ŀע⵽ģкܶտĵطһʯ̨ȻǴŶģʱʯ̨ϲûбĶ̾һϾԼǺģ֮ǰкö¶Ͻȡˡ
ܣŶϽ᲻ԼһЩ㷢֣вȥһŵͼĺ붼ߡ
Ͻôݰɣһ䣬һźݺݵһʯ̨˹ȥ
һ£ʯ̨飬ʯ̨һѪâС
㿴һĻ΢΢㶣ǿյʯֿ̨һյâǡãͻȻЩʯ̨п£Ǻ͹ŻĵһЩͼЩʶ
ܣϲӰһʯ̨ýźݺݵ˹ȥ
ʮֿݣʮʯ̨ܿͱߵķ飬ʯ̨ķһâǣЩâ໥âӣ֩һĴ󣬹ââǵһɫĹâ
湬ʼ㿴ɫʾֻѪɫɫһΣȻһοɫʣ㶣ĿֱֱĿĲʹ⡣
ʹ֮䵽˹ԭҵͼķѪɫǽϣĳһС
Ѫɫģ֮ϣһƾճֵļ̨ϣ͸ɹɵϢϢŨ͸ȴһѪɫ
һĶУоȻԼĿ
վǰԼ򿪣ҪеʲôöԷ˱ģزʲô


1053 Ҳɱ
д֮Ҳ֮еĶһ˫ף׾Ө͸һۿȥȻܰһۣ֪籡
ף㵲ѣû뵽ֶ
ȥִе˫Ө͸ףõͬһ´һ׵Ĳ֮ͬȻûз򲨶Ĵ֮ϣҲʧһɶ
㾪治ѣ͵һף㷢ֲ޷ס
öдϲǵ״ݻ٣ȴ޷κͬף֤ˡ
㴥ףоԼûʲôƵġ
һ֮ſеһ֣ȡű֮˿ɰ׶֮ƶɣ񣬱ħȾڰ׶ı࣬ҲԸþħմȾѪȣڴ˴ħֶħƷţ֮ˣΪѰһ֮֮׶䲻ڣȴ֮Ը˽ԣ
㿴һ֣ҲЩˡǵ껪һλ˸Ƶıű֮˿ⶫû־ܱ
ⶫϣûпܣϣ㼸ожϣ㴥һԼ֣Ҳоһ㡣
ͬͬ˸оţĿе֡ǽܾģûбãֻǷɵ𵲺
еǵ˵ͷոԾãԴķˡ
ǰģȻǰԸմȾѪҺնȻѰһ֮Ů֮ȫǰǰ׶ǰ֮ġ㹪һ
߾֮ٴδһһﲢûĶŷֶȥ
ոջصħ֮ϣʱǿֲڵĹŶϵıɹɶŰ𵴵ĸ⡣
ӰҪ뿪ħ֣ȴֹŶĳ֣ɽӰħѹ¡
ʱǰ˹һĻħ͵Сħ֮УȻɽӰѹɽӻصŶŶ˲һѪӡӡһħ֡
ŶϵͼɽﶼУħ־ɽ֮УΪĿġ
㿴һĻüѣ֪ŶҪʲôȻħӡȴܿƵģŶӡ֮󣬾ڴ˻صУκûá
ⶫҲһصĶֹһйŶѹħǾԶԼܲӰģ˲ͰѸųȥ
Ӱű𴦿첽ȥɵܴ󣬻кܶط̽Ѱһ¡

ʱʱ˵Ҳ˵Ҳ̣ѰãȴûҵĶʱ쵽һҲɵ֮⼤ߡ
һ˷ɵϹȥصʱ򣬴֮ڻĹرգ˷Ŵżȥ
ɵſһΣҪǴŹرգɵʧǾҪˡ
˶ƴƵŴӿȥȻڵӿֳͬһɵ֮⡣
ɵ֮󣬷ɵԶ룬ѪҲһӵʱ䣬ɵʧ˵ʵУָܻ֮ǰģ·һжûзƵġ
ѾվȺ˻ϲǣɵ˵õĪôʵҲʲôûõбش˰С
Ļõˣ͵ǰоĵϢҪ֮ǰŨ֡
ŴʱӸ¶ľĻӣŶԷֵϲˣʵˣ
ĻӹЦ˴ν湬ȷʵķᣬõһŵҩ֮ЧİǿɲֹҩЧʵ֮ǰɡ
ԭʥӼٴɣĻӾԼܰʥˡ
ΨһҲ˹湬ܲãʲôûеõžĻӴʱϢɫЩÿǱĻҪǿ֡Ǵ˿ٴθоĻӵϢȻԷҪǿ
㣡ոûĴսʱټΣĻĴǣ˵
ɨ˶Էһ˵ոЩɳ͹ҫˣ
ĻӼЦȻҪҫʵΪʥӼһˡֻܽʥŸҺ㽻棬ʵǣȻҪƾʵսһߴĻӲǿġ
ҪǲңԼҰʥӣ˵ͷŹ㡣ĻӹЦ¶
ҡҡͷǿ㵱ֻһг𣿡
վڶԷǰŶԷ˵ȻҪսΣ
ϴˢȻ¶ԷδԼ˺ȴԼ壬˶Դӡ֤ȣʵҲпӽɵ
֮ǰǿĻӣʱ¶Էɣ
ĻӼӦϲɨȻûжʥֱһȭɨȥƾѹ㡣
㲻أֱžĻӭȥȭܴ񷣬ֱֱײһ
ĻԭΪԼʵ׵ʰ㣬벻ǣȭоԷӿһɿֲס˾ɳȥ³һѪҺ
ôܣΨһ˴͵ĿһĻдŲ֮ɫĻʵǾȻһȭŷɣ
Ļĵĵ֮סӰдźȻ֮ɫɴ۾ŵĿ㣺ⲻܣԲܣʵΪʲôܱȱǿ
кΪʲôУ㿴žĻӵ˵ѹ㣬ǾһӶѹ㣬Զ뷭Խ𡣡
ΣձӾɱ㣡ĻŭɫĿ㣬¶ײеĹâг֮ǰԵĳꪣݺݵ˹ȥ
ʥΨĵ˶ۿžĻӣû뵽ⶫóˡ
Ļӷ˰ɣʥʱͳӾͲţûѹȾʥ
ǰȱ򽻴ʥкױ𻵣ÿһʥ֮ǰгѲؼʱ򣬲Ҫ׶ʥȻʱóˡ
˼ǿǿʥϵʥܰʵ㲻õס
˶Ŀ⿴򶷵룬һʵʥİ̫ˡΨһ֪ǿɿĻӶʥǾҪ·硣
ȣô᲻ѡһʥأΨľÿϧҪȻӵʥĻӸûʲôơ
ȻΨĲ֪㵱ѡûһʺġԣһֱԼǲֵĳǣĻӻٵˡ
ĻһâҲ¶֮ɫ㵱Ϊ𲻸ɱ㣿ɱ㲻ɣ


1054 ֮
վҪĻһĻֳֳꪣꪹᴩ䴩գâֱȥֲȻĵۣɢļµϢ
Ϊ㲻ɣһڵŵǬʩչһƸǶ£Ťռ䣬֮ͬӿ
ɹ⣬ڿռĴ£ӭ˶ԷķâȻ㱩ĽסԷĽâȴΪȡʱ䣬ӰܿԷĽâ
ߣӰĻŭһгٴ趯ķâԲ°㲻ϵԲ֮һۼ磬ޱȡ
һƲϺ֮䣬סԷһҲȺˣԷʥ̫֮ܶԿ
ϧˣûгֱҪȻҲֲĻҫ̾һ¶˼ֿϧ֮ɫ
Ҳ˵ͷǰ㲻ˬǴ˿ȴûһ˿ԹˣΪ䵽˾أһжҪԸѹ֪ȴһ˳
ųд򶷵ˣ¶˺⣬ȭͷţȭͷϸ֡
ΨļˣϽסˣ˶˵嶯Ҫǳְ㣬һж׷ˣҲỳǼٵġ
ɱ۸ɣȻ֪㣬ȴԸ⿴㱻Ļʥ衣
ҪĻӻȻԶԷʥ˼ɣȴڱĻ˺Ψ˵ٿɣκβ˶෽Ҫ߻ûס
ΨĵĻȻҧվˡ
ҪñСҵᣡ˶žĻӣ¶ɹɭ亮⡣
֮䣬ǿƱֲϢѾͨʥ̫ˣֲϯɨɹ쫷磬ɭ䣬žĻ۵ȻҪͳȫ㣡
˵֮䣬һȭ˳һȭ̺ȫۣһȭ˳ؽԲֲĹԳ޷ƥеơʹ۾ͷ̲סĺ
һȭƾˣþĻɫ˱䣬ȫҲӿֳг޾âֱֱɱ˶ȥ
趯;Ļӵĳꪽһ߽ž춯صɨֲ쫷ɨ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ飬޾쫷ɨĺ¶岻Ϻˡ
ڳеˣ˲ǰٴκͶԷһ

ĻӴһɫͷķ˿趯г𵴣ҪضıƵġ
ȪϴһУΪ𣡡
ھĻӵĺУһɹɺںӿ֣ĺˮͬǺһ趯ܰɽӶ
ĻǾʥӣһ˽ܣƥеģ˿̸ʥܱǿ˿̵ľĻӣǵ۾ͷޱȡ
趯ˮ嵴ĺںըأһжҪƵģò߾Ȼһɫ԰׵ĿϵľĻӣη֮ɫ
˿ֲ֪׵Ҫܶѹⳤꪻĺںâˮӿֶȥǰմѡ

㿴һͬһŭӰ趯Ӱ趯ʽʽ϶ΪһԵʩչȻƾޱȡ
䡭
һļҴײֲľɢޱȣɱͨ޷ģһƬƬݣ˿̶Ҫʲôġ
˿һĻ񾪿ֵ£Ŀˣž֮ɫ
ʱ֮УӰ趯Ļɳ趯ϣȴӰ
ʥʥȷʵֲĵ඼ܵꪷޱȣʰĻӣڶԷ趯£ˡ㲻ò趯׵磬ҪԷ鷳
ĻӱϾһʥӣ׵Ȼֲȴ޷κֳֳꪵ
֮ӰˣգȻĶžĻӣ
ĻҲֱֱ֣ͣĶźԵ㣬Ϊ𺳣ԼʥȻκβԷͽֿȭȻסһĹδֲ̫ˣ
ԼӵʥҪҲӵʥĻǡ
뵽⣬ĻӵɱĸŨѾֵزˣȻȥΪУһֲ̫ˡҪ汻õʵʥ롣ҪǣطҪҵʥǲܡ
Ļҧʱơͬٵһ㣬˺ѿռ䣬һ趯
Ӱ趯˫ȭ趯ӭȥ쫷ϯʣޱȵĵ۳
䡭䡭
ײϣ˶ǺεսʹǾͷĴ򶷣¶ҪѷɫһЩ˰ɣ
˿ʼҸոʶȤԶսҪȻⱩҪǵ
Ψĺ˿˫ȭסԷҲȻɡȻʱʱܿԷǿķâ潻ֳʥʥӣ˲š
ΨԼֿȭԲܺ;Ļսֵزֱ˼
ս̫ǿرϵս⣬޾أ̾һսսصĵ
Ψĵ˵ͷ벻뿪֮ٴһֵ
˾̾սʱ򣬾ĻȴûˡԼʥκβ˶ԷսȥԼûкô
뵽⣬ĻӵĹ͵趯֮ɽӱһ㣬¶ҪڸǹԣǬ𵴣һ趯
趯סԷʥ̫㻹ǲòܿâ
ӵ𣿡ĻӺһ¶
˭㱾ҪˣЦһȭ趯ٴϯȥ
Ļӳһɨ㲻òܿӰЩִٺǱ
ǴʱĻӴôãһμִٺǱܣдϲôã¶ˡҪ
ĻӲϧȼվѪٶ͵һᣬȻ׷㣬ꪺݺݵĴ˹ȥ˲Ҫᴩ
ִӴܵڶԷһ̣ͻȻתžĻӵĳץ˹ȥ
֪ĻӼȻҪסĳꪣϲվȴ̴֡
Ļ˵֮䣬͵Ĵơ
ΨĺһҲ͵ı壬Ҫˡ
ģôִ᷸󣿡ŭһոոΪյʱ㶼ˣΪʲôһλ᷸Ĵ
ѾԤƱ̴ʱͻȻչһЦžĻӴЦ㵱ôǸʲôԻѣ
㻰Ļɫ䣬ҪջسѾˡųꪾҪ̵ƣҧ˵Ͳţ㻹ʲôС
Ļӵĳ͵Ĵ˹ȥҲһǲ˵һĻֻŶԷĳץ˹ȥһץֱֱĴϡ
ûеĹᴩûѪҺƶûһЩ
Ȼƾŵ֣ץס˶Էʥ
ǰһĻʧѣȻĿ㣬оһ㡣


1055 ɱʥӣ
ꪴϣֱֱץס˿δ㣬㶼δ˺һ
ųꪵİƣһʧѣΨĵڣɴ۾Ŀ㣬۾¶֮ɫǶʧѡ˭Ҳ޷ţֿܳȭʥĹ
һжǰˣ˶ɴ۾ĶƣҪ濴һЩȴ֣û˿ͬȻĵץס˷ĳꪡ
Ļͬţ͵һҪƣȴܴʱȴ¶һЦֺݺݵһץꪣĴӾĻӵ˹ĻҲΪĵǰ
ⲻܣĻӾڣܳץסĳꪡ
ûʲôܵģ˵֮䣬컯׭žĻӳȥ
֮ǰĵľĻ뵽޷ֵ׵磬׵绯ķ׭ϣʱҽǹһɹѪҺ
ӵ£λͷҪ־¾Ļӣ绯ͬʱ֣˵
ǣ׵ɱĻӡĻǿ׵£ҲѪģϢңӿĹɹѪҺ䣬ĿĵѪȾ档
ʥҲûʱѹֲڵϣꪵĴ붼˵ľʯ֮С
ӰھĻӵߣһźݺݵ˹ȥھĻӵĲҽ֮УĻӵ˵棬ҳһ޿ӡ㼤䵽Ļߣٴһţ߷ɵϣŽѹĺİѾĻӲϡ
͡
̲סһµľĻӣ˾η֮ġʹǷһˣ̲סŵðź⡣
˻ǰĿתƵϣ޷㵽ƾʲôܵס˷ʥǸͬǿȥƻƣûдʲô
ľѵ͵Ĳ֮ɣҪ֮ǰܿĻʥĹʲô
ſǻӵ¡绯סӾͷҲ󺰣ɫ԰סͬû뵽Ľ֣Ϊʥʥ۾Ҫܿâɴ˿ȴͬһĲڽ¡
㿴ûпԷһۣ¶ȻвʵľĻ˵𱾲Ըƽϣƫƫұ鷳ΪƢɣ
ĻʹǱŲ壬¶Թޣ֪ܲץסʥģɲʡ
ſӣҪʬΣ
ЦĿžĻӣǺЦΪȻǰ浱Լ֮ӲɣУ㲻һѣ
˵֮䣬һźݺݵĲھĻӶϣ˲ӿ˼ѪҺٴαشҽһĶ㣺㣬Ҫ־ɱ˱ӣҪȻӶȻҪǧС
Ϊӵܱס㲻ɣ㿴žĻӣ¶ֲмͽ㡣
ס֣ӼţǴҾӵ¡ҪɱҾ嶨Ȼȫ׷ɱ㣬ĺǣȡ
ĻӼͣ¶ҧݣĶ˵ɱҰɱҲȥ
Ļ֪ԼʲôݣΪʥӣһ߸ϣ˭ӡǴ壬ûмԸԼı
˵һҵˣʥΨģҲɱĻӡΪܲĺ
Ļۿ㣬ȻʱˣֻҪԷɱնȻһس
ΨĵҲ̾һĵȻͲþлȥǶĻ̫󣬲ʥӣɱ鷳˴ԣȴɱ
ĻӵȻҲ뵽㣬ǹҼһӵȷʵһЩϣ¿ھķϣŹҼҹΣ
þвңתۿӡ
ңӻشȴظֻϣʥܻŻȥ
ߣһŲžĻܻܲŻȥǱ˵㣬ֲָֻš
䣬ĻӲҽǹѪҺӿ
ˣȥĻҪɱˡߣ˵Ǵ½Ĵ壬ǿɱ˻ӣ롣
Ȼ֪㿴˵
ô˵ΨĵһȺ˶һԴѪɱ˾Ļӡʱһжزˡ
δȥ˵ȴŲ𣬱ɱ˻ʲôݣʥӶѣɱ˾ɱˡ
˵֮䣬ٴκݺݵĲȥĻ˲ҽһޱȣ⡣
δ⡭ĻӵӴ󼱣Ҫˣȴ绯ס
δʲôǲǵ𲻸ɱ𣿱ɱǿ˵֮䣬״䣬Ө͸ͼ֮С
Ȼ˲մȾѪȣȻҪΪԼӦ鸺𣬾ֿ֮סĻӵĺİ赸ȴѲˡ
ס֣Ӵ󺧣
Цһɱ˶ѣǿɱģ
꣡㻰£Ļӵĺı۶ϣԭľĻӣ͵ͣµĶ϶ԷĲ֮һҲϯĻӵȻȡ㣬걻ץУŻա
ҵдĺܶëȻ
˴Ŀ㣬лΪҽ꣬һɫȻ
رΨһˣľˣȻɱ˾Ļӣ֪ʲô𣿾ĻӺλȻ壬嶨Ȼɱ
ˡֹһǰȻ꣬оһӡ
ȴ˴ͺͺȻ񣬰ѾĻϵĶһ֮һŰѾĻӵʬߵһ飬·Ƶġ
͡
˶һ㶵Ŀ㣬ʱŷĹϺͺͲںʲôݣֻҪɱɱģǾ;Ը֡
ӿԼػĻӾˣͬɫҰףԲ۾㣺ܵҾȫɱġ
ɨ˶Էһ˵ɱ˲٣𻹻岻ɡʱȰǿӣҪȻ˳ְҲˡ
ͷӶ㣬¶⣬ȴ֡绯γֶκβ㡣
Ҳû˼ˣĿתƵĻӵʥϣȻץ˹ȥû׵ķ㱻Էĵʹޱȡ
𼸷־ȫ۹ƣٴץ˹ȥȵץסԷֻԷȻݣֻ
ȡʥĿɨˣɴ鸴ӵĿҲûйôࣺߣ
ΨĿ뿪ıӰٿһ۾Ļӵʬ̲סٴ˼
Сһӣ


1056 ٴ
ɱĻӴǾ޴ģҲĬĬסˣΪǵһӣʥӶɱûʲô顣
ȻΨһЩۼҲע⵽ɱĻӵʱµľȻֻǶݵʱ䣬Ƕע⵽ˡֻɻ⵽ʲôȻܵסʥһ
뵽µľӨ͸ͬĶҪ֪ʲôβ²⣬²ⲻǵʲô˶ȷţץסԷʥԺǱ㶫йϵ

һ·У·;ҲߣֻȻ۸Ϣȴһȴһ·ϵ˲ٵ鷳
һЩĵطȡϻʺҺøҩҺ
ֱȻҪپ㻨ʱ䣬ŰЩҺϣ
ƳɹҺҲЩ˷ܣĿƵĿɢŵ۵ҺŹâӿ͸һɹҺ٣ȡһҺ˵Һûã
˵ͷֽӹҺɫЩѾﵽ˵۾һζˣΪԵʣǿܵơһֱڷĴԼֻԼﵽһĲΣпͻƴʱľ磬ߵľ硣
ƵҺǴĺöҪܽ˶ǿӼɵĻһҲмְˡ
һסЩǣشҺҺԼϡ
͡
һ͵·ˮڱպһҺϣжʱ͸һɹҩЩҩ͸Уͬˮһ

ҩȥ̲֮סҽмڵĵҲӿֳһ֮䣬סЩҩ͸
оͬһ㣬ҺУϵ͸ȥͬʴ塣ʴȻĿʴҩڴ壬еʸʴ⡣
ﵽ˵۾ĲΣڵѾصĺˣҪЩʸȻҪС
ҩϵ뵽УҩĴ£ĺҧݣҺĲϵĵϣ嶼ҺĴ
ò˵ҺЧʹΪ۾ǿҲҩЧ
ҺЧҲȡһҺʼԼϡҺϣʱһֻյĸоҺҩ͸ȥܰϻҺ壬ʼϵĴ塣
ȣҺЧȴʮޣһҺûиã͸оʹ
ҺãٴεҺԼϣҩ͸ȥ㲢û̫ǿҵĸо
뵽ԼħбһΣԼǿѾǿõ۾ĪҺԼЧҲ⡣
֪ҺԼãҲҺĿ⿴ʱ嶼ͨ첻ѣҺĴ£Ҳĸһ׭
׭ԽԽ࣬ĺķڣϹճĻȡ
Ĵ˲ʱ䣬ֱڶҺ֮ͣҺҩҲʼʲôˣǿȴֲֹ
öоԼǿ˲٣˷ܵĿ㣬趯ȭͷ˵оԼȻûȴٴӡ
ЦЦ˵ҪҪϻʵҺ
ȡϻʵҺϻȻǴǰ޴Һȴ࣬ҲֻݳóһݸʱоҺŷӿֳҺת䣬Ҳⷨӡղһ
ȻϻʵҺҪ֮ǰĸβֹ
һɫҲոճҺʹޱȣϻʴŷҺҪԲٿͷҪǲСľ㱻˵Ҳǲܡ
ҲҪģĲҪҺһĵȥҩʹֻͣЧһЩѡΪ˰ȫЧһЩͲһЩܻбİ취ǿȵġ˵
˵ͷҺͷϣСĿһļϡ˲䱻ػһ㣬͵Ĳҽһļ͵ĺ
һҺ˲͸У鲼ĹУҩУҽͬشƵġ
ŲҽЦЦȻԼȲϣȴܶࡣ
һҲҺãϻʵҺá
ϻʲô۾ͷҺŷ÷㾡ǿվһ档ӵзҩǿӡ
Һ˳ļȥҺսӴ壬ͬػƵģܿ־͸оǧԼУһܵĸоӿֳоӴҺÿһ缡ڱʴ
ȻָоܣȴĲѣҺԼá
ҲʹҺϵĵͬһ㣬䵽ÿһЩҺҩĴǿޱȵ壬ȻҲʼ
ʱҲҺĴһҲֻҵʮΣһҺͬĲϵȥ̲סһ
ǿǿֵزˣֻǴ澳澳ܴﵽֵزϹ岻ɣ
ԽԽпܣҪȻܳ˵Ĵ
һҺûмֶãͱ㳹׵ϣֲҩ壬ϳ֮䣬ͬһҩϵĴôҲøӵļ͡
Ϣûϣȴı鲼ģ飬ճһȣһȹնɣ͹ŶͼӦ
ÿϱ鲼ķģⲻ֪۶ɵĶٷ׭̲סһ涥ʱӵʮ֮һķ׭
ʱҲֻпһķ׭
Դ澳ȻгԽ۾һĴ׭ģ
ķ׭ӣǿҲӡȻ׭ٶȱȲ
ףΪĿռ̫ԲЧǿѾǿˣҪһּѡͬҩĸࡣ
ӿֵķʱҲһƬϵϻҺҲĵ߰˰ˡ
ȻϻһЩϻҺ֪Ѿˣһͣ˴壬Ͻϵ֮󣬸һǿȣȻٴһɶࡣ
оȫʹõ֮ƾ֮սһĴ澳߽׶˿ڻ£ȫԿȼ͵ĸҪǿ
ֽ뿪һˣӵǿȣܳܵӣٴԪԼʵΣѾԽʥ̫ˡ


1057 ӷ緶
Һ˴ĺôԶ׼ģǿ˲٣ȻδͻơͻƵһΡ
۾ͻƺ֮ѣÿһޱȼѡʱԼģ˷ܲѣ۾ÿһζ޴󣡺ܶ˲۾֮һҲͣΣ˾Ӷࡣ
һ·˷У˵ûʲô˷ܵˡ
ڴ֮ҲûǾĻӵĳꪡһö趯ķâΪֲҪ似Ļʵ
ʥҲͬҵʥһʺ㣬޷ѹסһײֻεķʥԣȴȻԺʥϣȻﲻĻӵ϶ȣҲˣʵ
ȻãǾŰɡ˵Ȼʥ󣬵Լͬ飬Ȼø
Ҳ趯еĳꪣԼľﵽ˶塣ʥʵֲܷ֣
һ֮ǰˡķ֯ʥò׵õһʥȻԸ⿴𻵡Բ򲻵ѣҲԸȶⶫ

߹ȣԵ꽨һȵǳǿߣǳ֮һ˵ûеõκһ˵֤ʵҲ˸Ʒǳؿǲһ
Ҳ˵ĳǳش˿̣ھǳزԶȴѪɺӡ
ʱ۵һƬѪȣǽ塣ȻǾɱҴӵϵѪɱ߲١
﷢ʲôȻɱ¾Ѫȣܱ鲼ʬѪҺȾ棬զ಻ѣ̲ס㡣ѲҲͬһڳɱ䡣
أǽǰɣ˵
˵ͷҲ첽ĸųǳȥѪȾĴһ·쵽Ųֹͣ
龳⣬˽ȥǳض֮ɫʱʱŴӵڳǳ·ҪʲôƵġ
棬ڳǳһ跻Ŵӱ˵еΪʲôԭ
˵Ѱͨıһλʥӣ
ǰԡѪһ·ɱ߹Уһ·ɱ֪ɱ˶ˡҲһǿˣʥӲӵ˵߹֮С
¶ҪеõͨϢ²Ųز˶ã
ȵĹأڳǳвܶ䣬ҵҲڲʲôıѵܸ֪˲ɣ
ȻܶҪҵ˵˵ɲˡǿͨ㲻ܶҲ뷽跨俪ڡ

ЩϢʱҲ̲סľȻʥҵͨı
ͨҲǾƷʥҲǵľƷʥͨɳȫӡͨĴԼͨϢпͨĵ̶ӡУֵͨ˴ͳϵľƷʥ
񽣾һͨͨɳ֪ʹʱҲܴâжֲ޷󣬷֪۾ֻһѣͨĿֱֲѾȫԼ˼ˡǿȲֻĿӡ
ֱͨƺΪƷʥ
Ʒʥ۾ҲУȴűʵմȾϢֲܽ޷ݣܽߵıοֲҲ֪
رһЩ̺̣ͨǸޱȣҪǶọܱ֮̃
һҪǳ۶ᾪɴ˿ȴ˷ˡѹֵ߹ȱˣû˭סջ󣬾ҲС
ӵʥʲôĿֲ
ҲĭС̫ˡ󣬾ѰΪı֮һȴУѹ˵ȱޣû˭֪ԼʲôһճɾʹۣҲǲܷ
㣬Щ۾ͷݣ˿ҲͬһĲ

߹ѾѰλӽʥӣֻʥҲȷʵżֱ£ôѰ£δܰڳ
ȵ߹ȴһ죬һ쵽λʥӣҲλʥӵõϢһǳصһ죬δܰҳ
£˻ǲ뿪ǳˡ
˴Ҳʼųǳصķ׷ȥܶѾʼųⱼ߶ȥҪ׷
˷λʥӵʱͻȻϯ뵲ʹ⣬źƵĵۣͬ쫷Ϲ˿һĻתۿȥ
ͷһɣ뵲ޡ֮վһȺˣȺеŲ豭еЬ
ⲻ⣬עǣվһӣӳ磬ͬǺ޳һ㣬˿ڷХ·裬屻ȫŹԣվҪؽƵģһضҪΪ֮ʵӢӡ
ˣɫҲ˴漴˵󣬷ЩΪ߾ȻһʥӣΪЬһ۾
ʥ裬۾ЬðԵ̲ס̾
ͬüͷ壬ȷʵԤˣֱʼֱʥӺ͵۾ͷʲô߰Ǵ˿ȴΪ裬ΪЬֱ˼
ӵ߹֮˫ǺɨܣɫĮȴͬϬĽһ㣬ɨ֮ǡ
㱻ĿɨҲһѹޱȡĿֱֱĿŶԷԷ;վڳϣһɴ˺ؽڣ·һ㣬ޱȺ嫡
ܣͷ·ɨԼһ°Ӿʮء
ָоܲˬȴòϣ˺ǿֲ·һһ㣬޵ѹ
񡭡ӣ
ͷᣬӿбĳô֣һ򼤶Ȼǰ˰ӣЩ̲סڵء
Ҳһ㶣˶Էе𺳡ǺǱΪ֮ӣпܽĴڡ֮ӣ츳ϣûܱȵùǡ춼ʵĴڣ߹ޱߵ
ȴû뵽ԷȻʥӺ͵۾ͬūһ̲ס𺳣ӵķ緶𣿡
գȻǰȴͬһǶ£˶оͲɵֵͬڳ֮ϣһԶˡ
ӵķ緶ӵϣ
ܿȣеһжĶѣֻһ˵Ĵڡ
ЩʥӣǰֻӲݶѣۡ
ǿ󣡡̲סһ³֡
ЦŸ߸ϵӣһǿܸģѾǳˣûӣ


1058 ʥз
ӣһӡһ棬һͨ߼ͥȴĵõѡС
ϢȥʱȵĴ֣ӪСΪȵĴ˼ҵɱűʥӣ
ҲĻӲ֮Ըɾһӡ
Ȼ󣬵ȴԴӣһݣľ绪ɨİ˺ϣһߡ
Ӿ;վͬһ㣬̬ɽӣױȡ
˶ӣһƬС
ӶˣҪˡһͷջ̫ˣﶼ
Ǻǣӵ´ݹȵ߹ȣ֪кιɣһˬʵԶһŻ̤ͬ
ǵ߹ȵĳ˾ڣ̤նӣ𺳲ѡ
Ե߹ȳѾ˵۾ĵΣλл֮һǿߡ۾ʴʮ磬۾һεĲǶӦʾߵĵۻ֮۾
֮ǵεĵ۾ͷĴڿ죬Ѿߵ֪ǿŷΪƸΪǿǿߣ䲢࣬ѿ
ңܴﵽ֮඼ʥӼ߽ӽʥӼҪȻߵһ
һ˸񣬾ﵽ۾඼ͣǰĸΡֻдﵽʥӣ߽ӽʥӲε֮ܲȻǾãġ
Ҳ֤֮Ŀֲˣ
߹ȳȻδεĲΣҲֻһˣ֮ɾ͵۾Ȼϰ꣬ͻƵ֮ɾнĻߣպĤݡ
ɾͻ֮֮󣬾ٹܳǳصˣһֱڳǳߵľ硣ǳص飬Լ˶ʮꡣ
û뵽ʮδĻ֮ĳ£ȻҲӸ
ӱ߹ȳ˵쳣Ŀ
ǰҲ󿪿ڣ󣬵ȴɴΨҶİûжΪ֮ĳжٹ
߹ȳ̬ҲûбʾʲôǺЦЦ˵ҳʲôҩԸģ
͡˵һ̲ס𵴡ӵδֲ̫ˡΪ֮ľͷԸʱԸһ۾ӰƣҪǵ۾⡭ѵƾӵܺʹͬͬɣ
ڵ߹ȳĹȻȻ˵ͷ˵˴ǰ°һæ
ӵ˵߹ȳ˵Ȼ۾δﵽݣﵽ۾ǾԵ顣ԼʱǿǶЩ˵ʲôյɳҪΪĻԼЬ䡣
ȻһˣҲϵԼӼԸΣˣҲֵΣ
һʥӣ֮Ϣڴ˴Ҫ֪ǡ󵭵˵
һ仰Ŀⶼһ𶯣벻Ϊġֻǣ˰ĿⶼתȳǳйأǳвܴɱΪƻأ
ӵ£⡭ſڡ
δ˵˵óΪѣֻ֪ء֪Ϳɡ
һŵ˵ͷĳǳرʿ˵ҳ
ǳصȨƿ֪ǳضƿУҪһ˱˵׵Ķࡣûйãߵ˵˼䡣
˵ͷ˵ϵһƵУһݾء
˼ôͰλʥ̲סٴθ̾ӵȨ޷ģΪضˡȻ˵֣Ǹ֪󣬵ʱ϶ƣȻ˵˹أˡ
ҪǱ˵ĻҲ޻˵ػǳعصĳߣȫǳԼ飬ȻΪˡôϡ
㿴ųϷϹȥӣҲƽԷ֮ӣ𺳣ȨƻǷ緶ܴ
ӵ֮£ʥʲô֮ӡ
и̾òİͷ⡣룬ѹֺϣӡȷʵջõ۾ĸԸΪЬжرһδ۾ˡ
һ˸ϣǸϵʱ򣬿ݾеʥѾˣֵĿܰΧĺƺƵȺǺȻ֮ɫ
ʥһСŵʥӣżȻĻ֪Ϣȴû뵽˵֪±׷ɱ
һ·ɱƾʥɱһ·Ѫɺӣڶ㵽˳ǳУԭΪͰȫˣû뵽˿ȴô˰Χһ۾ƶߣʥӶЩ˻᲻᲻˼ɹڳǳض֡
λʥӾһλվ޵λӣȻδɢ¶һ˿Ϣȴܸо°ƣ̲סĸо
رǶԷĿע⵽ϣǸоǿҡҪʥӵİ֧ҪĤȥ
߱Ϣûһ˿Ŀףֱ⡣
䡭ʥֱоԼԺһ£ΪһŵʥӣȻ֪ӴʲôǰЩʥֻġ
˿վǰľȻһλӣ֮ӡ
ʥһȺ֪ǱסˡӶпһ˶Ϣ
ʥͨЩ˵ʥɽ壬Ҫȥȡ
ʥɽ壿üѣ֪ʲôطҲ֪¶˾֮ɫ
Ϥ˶֪ʥзǵ꽨ȵ֮أ꽨ȣ֪˶ˣĶޡЩ˵֮ءﲻֻǲԹ׹ǵǣǸֹ졣
һߣҲУҽеģ붼ȥ޻ء
ȴû뵽ȻС
˵ɵ棿
ΪӵɫҲȳȻ֪ʥзĿֲĿֲԶ˴˵еĿֲȻһط
Ȼ棡ʥӻش
԰ˣҲŶԷ˵ѣ뵽Ȼüͷ΢΢
Ҳ֪ʲôطȻΪӵΪѡ
ڳĬƬ֮ת뿪һڲ£һȥϳǸʥзķ
ò˷ܺͼҪʥзˣ찡¼



1059 ӳ
ʥз壬ϹʱȵĹأһ֮أǿҪһ̽лŻȥģа۾ǿߡö֮˶Զ˵أ̤һء
һȴž֮شдоȻ
ԭŵʥз壬˲ӿаʥӣ۾ͷʥвٴӿҲвԭʹڵʥӣԺյ˶ʥз壬Ŀ⼯
ϵǿ߲٣رأǵǿߣδ֣Ҳûйκˣ߳ȻҲǴ涥ĲΣе۾ͷ
㿴Ŵ˷ӿǿߣզ಻ѣȵ׶ǿֱǿʤͨĿء
Ȼ˵ĶȲķ绪֮ϣеˣҪΪͶȥη񡣰߸ϣԳƻӵʥӡ̲סԲλ࣡
ʥзڶ̶֮ڣͻˣɽ˺ʥзɽ¡
Ϊ˴ͷھĵȴʥз塣оǹڵȴ޾߸
ɽ´ʱ䣬ϹѾ֮ٶԦʥзȥ
ʥз忴ȥֻʥзͺͺģããһƬȥɫޱɫʡְɫֺѩְͬɫͬ׹һܷ⡣
˾ʥз廹жϾ룬ܿЩɫʲôǵ˿ʥз岻Զ֮һ̲סһͺͺһƬɫʥз壬Ȼǰ׹ǡ
ʥз֮ΰ׳ۣȺĽ¾ͬһһɽ壬ȫǵĶ۰׹ǣ֪˶
߶ӽŵӿϺ⣬ѹഫǱҪҪ̤ʥз塣ڿµľǶˡĵط˵գ͵۰׹ǣ˵ɡ
ɽ£۰׹ǣ˸̤С
۰׹ǣɫҲأȡһƷƷƹɹɵۣ𵴺ؽ֯ɢϢʮ־ˡ
ȵɽߣӽһƷ󵭵˵еľƷ͵Ķգʱžӿֳѹ£һЩʵ΢ߣѹĹڵϣɫҰףֵĿͷ֮ϵĵ
͡
¶˳֮ɫһĿƵĶ֮ϵľƷƷʮЩľƷܿʥĶ۾ͷȡǣȻóˡ
ӣôֱʣıüͷóˡǲƴֹ֡ҲֻҪʹЩ˶ѡ
ȻƷһ˶ĿתƵʥзɽλáȻ۰׹ǣ飬Ҳǵĵӡ
;ƷĴ̼ʥзӿȥ
ǧȶŰ׹֮ϣѰ׹ǲȶϣ겻ϵĶ֮һ˷ĳɽ·;вһЩԹ飬ȴסЩ˵Ĺֽ
һֱֱĳȥ˷ֱܵھɽŰ֮ߵɽʱ۰׹ǾȻɳɳԭ۵İ׹ǾȻʼ䶯һЩİ׹ǾֱֱЩ׹ãҲá
ڵһվʥзϵİ׹ǾӦƵģİ׹վʥзϣ޾áЩǧ˵߳ȥ
ǧɫҲ䣬ԱֲĳЩ׹Ƕȥ
ǻ۵ǿֲģ֮䣬׹ǺɣñɢǣȻǴɢ˲ã˹ȥ
ڰ׹Ƕѻǵʱ򣬴ʥзҲŹɹɵĺӿֳЩû뵽֮УǷǧ߹ȥ
ǵʤ˹ȥܿǧ߰ΧλãҲϵǼлȥ
ǧȻֲϵĺɱãҲȷʵһñǺɢȴԶԶǧ˴ӻǱ鲻֪ø

ʥзϱһĲҽ֮ҽ쳹أޱȣ˽ŵðź⡣
ҵİУǧ߱øɱ۰׹֮Уʼ͸ʳɺѪҺѪζɫҰס
˿ʥзϣԭŵʥзΪ۰׹ǲ֪ɶٵãñ鲼ɽ壬÷һͷƤ顣ϣҲûôܼɡ
ͬҲ˰Ŀ⿴⡣ǧΪһ仰ˡ˶óȫЩ˿·ġ
ʥз屻ĿͷƤ飬û˸ȥܼϴʥз岻ϳֵĺԹ飬˿ɾԼȥҲֻбĨɱһ·ߡ
ԭΪƷ̼ˣʱٴλظ侲һĿ⿴󣬵ȴá
һϣһڣ󺰵
˵̤꣬߳ĺ̴ܴأŹɹɵϯÿһ缡ⶼɢŷģ˿趯ۣվضΪƵġ
һɽХƴбķ¡
ֱ趯ָӡճһ˵ĵۣۻ⣬ȻĻ׭׭ۣȻһͷ׺ף׺չᣬܺشһ۴ڰ׺ϡ
ȥһԲǧ֮ڶʱɹɵۣһһ֯׺׳ʥзȥ
䡭
׺׳ϣʱɽХݵľ޴ƣ񱩵ϢɨͬжһըϯƬأͬһ㣬һƬһƬĴݻ١
ԭãȻıһյء
ɱһƬ֮󣬿ֲĵٴϯɢ˸оֵƣ˲Ϣ̲ס
һ֮󣬲ûֹͣٴ趯ֱֱۣ۹ճӡǣӡǻ׭׭ֻӥ۴䣬һ㣬ӥգٴϯʥзȥ
䡭
𵴣ϯķ籩ǧƵöĥɷĩúͺ˺ѣ
֮£Ĵһϰ׵Ĵ½
ÿ˿һɨĴ½̲ס𶯣¶ľɫǵһοӵĳ֣һγ־ľҪš
찡ӵԲ۾Ҫˡ
о壬ɴ۾Ŀ󣬳ͣΪϢеʥڵϡ
һ֮ӣʥǰѷɫޱȣ޷Ტۣ
𣿡
ΨһҲüĳ֣Ǽ״оȻ˴ܸУⲻֵܵĿڣ


1060 ·
ɱ
ӿ·ĲҲȥһ·ɱϣ趯ɽϵĴݻãⲻϵӵİ׹֮пһ·
˼ӿ·ȻϡӺɱ֮űɱĿյΧ
߲ϵĳ֣俪һãӿĵ·ǶԿȡȻȴǰܿסЩõĳ
һĳ£ñĩĿһ·Щͨ
һʥ֮һȣֵ趯ȻƱȲӣҲޱȡϵ趯֮һá
˶սȻЩѾѪ֮սʱʱ߲ҽУͬҲһİ׹Ǳݻ١
ҵսУ׹۵ʥзһ··ϣ߼ߣ߼ҲʱʱԹɱߡ
ּ£˻ʥз嶥
ǰʥһ֮ھҵɱ֮ڽİ׹ǡû˰׹ǣȻûá
峿ɱ¾һ·ɱƻ裬ڵʥз壬ʱվλȻδ嶥Ҳ˶ˡ￪ʼѾû۰׹ˡ
һõĹ̲סͣϢ壬ϦĹҫߵĲϼʮֵ
Ϧµʱ򣬼򵥵Ϣһٴǰߣܿһ˾һƬа֮أݲȫһƬͺأֻǾ˷紵ɽʯ
ǰ˿ǰŲаܵĽаܵĽµĺۼʯѣѿĻʯ
аܵĽ˸ǸоĻ
ʲôطȻݲǷְΪʲôˣ̲סֹ
˴ִʱͻȻ˼
аѲ˵˹ȥֻһ߲һʬ壬һʬȫˣҲ֪ôģһӲĸʬ
ɡʬ
ָŽµʬ͵뿪ɫҰס
˿ɵֻʣƤͷʬҲ̲סëȻرǴʱͻȻһɹɭķﴵܶ˴һոմİ׹ɱͻȻһ߷ɵ۾ͻʬβǾ塣
ڷһͷʬ֮󣬺ܿ˷ԽԽ࣬ÿ߼̤ܲʬ
㿴ԽԽĸʬЩʬе£ԽԽɭ䣬ҲŷɫصĿЩʬ
Ϊ֮ëȻʱͻȻץ͵˳ȥˣ
Ļ£ԭϢʬȻ͵ЩʬһһƬԷʱɭɭ̹ǣ׹䵽һ
ʬÿУͬʱȻ֮ࡣһۿȥЩɱĸʬߺë
Ϻ˵ʱЩʬɵͻ۾УȻĹ⣬ЩĹһƬظɭͬʱʬ²ŵĵҲһۣ۽֯Щʬһһɸʬɵľ޴γɣ߾ͱʬɵĴС
ʲôڴ֮Уƿڴеĳݺݵʬȥһ£Ȼն˸ʬУȴֻһնۣûаѸʬնϣʬΪɵԵʣȻӲ
һûնϸʬʬĹ⣬еĹϣ͵ĲҽĹ䵽ĵطȻʼͬʬһ㣬ϾȻӿʬ
ڵϴȴ޷ָãܿһˣͷ
͡߶̲סһرЩʬеߣǶҶֲ̫ˣո߾Ȼͱһâ䵽ͱõĹͷû£Щʬʲô֡
ΪʿӦЩ죬뿪˴󡣿ǿһĻ̲סͷƤ顣
ͬڴ֮ĻŵǰĸʬɫҲ壬ȴóȻ֡
ʬе߲٣вҶЩʬҲǡǣбɭɭϢǣܲѹ̲סߵĸʬȥҪӳȥ
ֲϯʬȥһ˶֣ҲȻ֣Ҫһƿ󣬳ɭɭС
Ǵˣǲֻãһֳ׵ļЩʬ²ŵĵ˲ӿϸʬУѸʬãʬ䶯λãĹͬһϵЫͬһĹ䵽ϣûһܰõĽһʴͷûʣ¡

һĲҽУ߱ʬĹУ֮Ѫˮ͸ͽܣԭ˲˼Ѫ֮ɫ
ҽвϣЩڸʬĹ£޷סĹⲻУﵽ澳ǿߣĹжֲ˶ãͻѪˮ
͡
ðź⣬ɴ۾ĿǰĸʬǾͷƤ顣̫ɭˣ澳ǵĹжЩʬѵǹ񲻳ɣ
ʬ̵ֲɱ¾е˾ķһеı趯趯£ҪԿЩʬ
ЩʬȷʵһЩǴݻ٣˴ţƲ󣬸ʬĹ⸲ϣһھֺͲУѪȵѪˮ䡣
Ѫȵɱ¾󶼲Ŀ
ֱ趯һӿĹУһ֮ͣʮ׵ĴŸʬɨ˹ȥ磬أ͸֯棬ž֮
һնЩʬͻȻŤת壬Ĺһ͵һ
һ𣬲ûصľǷ˾һĻ󱩶ľһȻĹ׵ĸʴĹû˿ֱֱ
ɫ䣬Ӱ͵ڿռߡ뿪ȴ޷˼ɡĹУ޺˲仯ɻҡ
͡
˾Ŀǰĸʬ¶֮ɫʬδֲ̫ˣȻӶκβˣһ׵ƿ
ڴе߼Ӷ޷ȳǣһޣǷˣԲҪƵĳȴһ
ʥ󣡡ӿ³֣ɫ֮ɫʥŸʬĶҪƿѡĴҪҲʮ۾Ҳκβˡ
һ󺰵ûдﵽ۾Ĺʿ
һ仰˶㶵Ŀﵽ۾Ĺʿ⵽ȥҰʿ٣˵ﵽ۾ˡ
˵ҲҡҡͷЩΣﵽ۾ĹʿҵֻǣûİԼѵõƿʬΪ⣬ֵã
ҲһƬңɱϣȻһ֮⣬ĸʡӶûа취ʲô۾Ĺʿ


1061 ʬ
˶Գֵ۾Ĺʿϣˣò̲ס̾Ϣʱȴ߳󵭵˵ԣ
㣿һ㶣⿴㣬üͷ΢΢𣬴Ŀѹվȴ˿͵ȻĿŶԷûΪԷӵݶ仯
ҲЩȣΪӵܵȻݵĺˡһÿһǺպĴ꣬ôȻҲܵסɨӡ
˭Ӹ°Ŀ㣬ǹµƴɢ
̬ȴܲΪʥѪϣӸ߸ϡӵʥѪԶԷͷ
˭ص㣡صǱԺ󡣡㿴󵭵˵
죡󱬺ȣΪӣ˭ǰվŵȻ˶̲סȳضıȶŭһ㣬ϢƸǶ£һͳ˹ȥ
˸оϢɸ߸֮ͥŭϢ⣬ӵϣϲκơ
վǰ̲꣬סֹǲ֪֮ӶҶײԼˡ
Ψһ˿˵־Ͷ֣ɫҲ͵һ䣬Ǽʶƣ֪Ŀֲ
һͬϣ֮ŭһƴϣվȻѿɢ
Ӱ
̲סȣͲѣû뵽ǸɫȻܶ㿪һӸ߸ϣƽʥӣҪܿѰɡ
̲ס㣬ȴٴλصԭվλãٶȿĲľ
ͬ¶˼죺
ȻܿأҲͣ˼֡Ϊӣһ޹ĸ߰ͬ顣
ƻǲƣ㿴ɫҲЩѺˡԷ̫ǿˣһԲϾԼҪԼмֱ£һƾʵˡ
̬ȴ𵴣һĿ㣬оˡ
֪֪ԼԵһʲô˰һӰҲͰˣȻҶ̬
ð̫꣬ˣȻ
˶͵Ŀ㣬дż𺳣㶵Ŀ㡣ʹΨһҲƽȻԴҲ̬
ЩζĿ㣬ôǵһ˸ԵӵĿעһһʥӡֻܲһʥӼѡ
ǹʿʥӼʿ㣬ûм֣ʥӼǲ۾Զ룬ˣҲӡ
㿴ŶԷ˵ܲܲ˵˵ǱҪôһ˴Ҫôͱ֣һƿ
ȻԼҪȥǾͳȫ㣡νȻԼģǾȥƾǣԼһֲʲô¡
γ֣˽Ⲣֻ࣬ʶԷ
ʿƳ飬ѹЩʬУʱһָʬЩʬûʶҪйеĻʱѹסһָʬһָʬѹסȱݣӺ֣ƿ󡣡ش
˵ͷǰĸʬ˵Ҫƶ٣
ҪȱݣҪٵĸʬѹơ˵ʬ򵥣Ҫѹٸʬûе۾ʵԳɹҪǲܳɹǾֻ·һʬĹ⹥۾ɵ
ⲻҪĵģ㵭˵
һ仰òٴģһľţȻٴζײӡ簡ӰʥӰǸ߸ϵ֮ӣ¼ĴڣȻԻ
ȴûкƽϣ˵һԴʥӶѣò
þò󵭵˵û˸ϷŪӣҳͷȴȥʵУӿһ̡
û˼ϷŪǣ㿴ǰĸʬ󣬵˵ҪƹٸʬУҪ꼫ࡣûô꣡
Ļɨһۣкѣ
˵ֱ꣬͵һӣһ֮䣬ʱٸ߱͵ıѿǵ걻͵ǰ
̱ǵѪζռ䣬˿Ÿոջ˲٣ʱһŵӿֺ⡣ĺ˽⣡
ӣ治ߵˣУȡɱϰɡ
˾ñʥӡɱ̫ˣɱˣֱǲϡ
㿴ǰ꣬һ͸תʼЩꡣɱȡ飬ûп޹أҪֻѡ
ĹֶͣΣЩ궼ӡϢ顣
ͬʱӰŸʬ̤ȥ
̤еĸʬֻĹ⣬ɨ˹ȥŲңΣܿЩʬĹ⡣ͬʱĹҲżֻʬӿȥ
ɭĻ쳣˷ܣŸʬӿȥرǸʬҲǽӴʬȻĴʬ֮С
ӡƹѹƸʬռݸʬȨ
ʬֲûûʶֻһʬǱѹƣȻ޷ߣѹȴѡ
ڿ߸ʬָ֮㶯һ˳ȥϼһͷͷʬ
ЩʬҲʾһĹⲻϵӿ֣㹥ûĺЩĹӲֻܽңβϵıܿͬʱϵһƸʬ
ңһ磬ȻĹֲܼң£㶼ձܿ
˿һӰڸʬвܿ㣬һսƣǼȾٶȵѸݣڴܳɹٸʬ
һ鲻ȥ;վıȡǣⶼص㡣ҪɹǾ͵㹻Ҫ㹻ǿ
Ϊٸʬûе۾ʵʵֵġ㣬еֻ·һ
һ߾߸ʬסĹԽԽˣֻʣʮ
⿴Ų˽ȭͷ˸ȭӿеĲƽ
ȥ
ͻȻһµĹͻȻɫҲȻĲҰʬĹҲ˳ϽӰܿڸʬϡ
ûʬУ˲ռ壬Ƹʬ
ٸʬͬʱӡϢȻûʶҲƵ͵ر
˶սȭͷһĿƵĿ㣬ɹһˣֻҪѹסⱩǾͳɹˡ
򣡡
ڱֲĵֲۣϯһ㣬ɽѹЩʬȥ͹ͬʱãѹЩʬϣЩʬڱ֮УȻıѹƵĻȲϱСĹҲϵȥ
һĻ˷ܴ󺰵Ҫɹˣ
ͬʱ˾ηĿ㣬㱩ȻĿԿȵ۾ˣʥӵʵ˵۾ʿһ飡



1062 
ѹסˣѹסˣ
ٵĸʬ˵ϣ߾ڣ˷֮ɫ
һۣȻЩȣȴûдᣬĲںһ֣
˵֮䣬ӰŴȥƿһѾˡƿָ㶯ӿֳȵĵۡ
¡¡
Хܻ۵󺣣ӿ֮䣬ĵۻЩʬ
ĲҲû֣趯һҫ۵ĹâֱɨЩʬȥ
䡭һ죬ر𶯣һƬɳʯӿľĹ趯һ𣬱ನ
ɾʬѾɲɨĹɹĲϣļ߲ҽڷ
Ѿ˲Щˣ趯ϵĳ۶ɳķϢиʬݻ٣ӰǰСʬֲ̫ʹÿֲɱɺܳ
һ֣ӵƿ󡣡ԿһʥӴ󺰣ȳŸʬȥ
˼״Ҳʾ趯𵴶ɱһͷͷʬ
ʬѾȻɿֲȴסǧ߳ˣ˵ĺ£ڿʼˣʬԻ٣һ߾߱ѣըѵĲᡣ
ˣںۣ䲻ߺƿ
ƿʬȫԱʧߵѪҺȾһƬ档
䡭䡭
һľУԭʬ۴Ĵ£ͻȻһɹɳƵľ죬Щͬһÿһ˵ģЩ±ɫ԰ס
ɹɾ첻𵴶˽̤ŵĴؿʼѣߴֲ£ѷ֮Уڷ
䡭һƵľ죬ѿѷ󣬲߷ĺռ䣬а
ѷ֮Уһӿ¶ȲͣӿֵϯأʶϵĲ
£زѿ󷭹ĳ£ӴӿɹɵĻ棬ҽڶȵϢɨһЩ߸סҽУ濾ɽ̿
죬ҽʶһйɵٶȷڲϢڸɣնպ죬ʮġ
㶵ĿһĻѵҪɽ緢ɣǻɽ緢Ļǿֲڵҽȴûʳֻʡ
˵ɻУǿǳԾһĻһǲŵĻǵǰҽһ֮䣬Ǿ޴ѷУȻһУҽΧ
䡭
ɲϣڵĻӵĿֲҽ֮䣬˲ϵϯڹϣûһ˿𺦣Ż棬۳޾ĵۣЩ۲ƹתʮġ
ҽ֮У۲ƣ𺳵һĻ˶ĭ
˶ĿƵעŻеĹ⹬֮Уܸоһ޷Ϣ·޾תϢԸţԵʡ
˶ƵעӹʱڹͻȻһǺܸߣ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥΪˣһϼ䣬âȣޱȵĶһᣬ˸ųâĹâŷ˵ӡӣܱߵĻ棬ģ趯ʧʡ
⻪ķʱ˵Բ۾ܶ˺رǷ飬˶ϴų֮ɫ
Ƿᣡᣡ÷ëɵ󺰣ɫ޲ҽ֮С
͡
Ŀע⵽ϣ⻪ķױȵƣеĻ治һ㣬߶ǣӰ޷
ȻǷᣡҲ͵ĿǰķᣬɫЩȵһǵ껪һλǿ߶ɵģԷſз֮飬һ˶ı
䡭䡭
ɽɲӿӿҽҽĵ۲ڹܣҽеĹУǰȴû˸׵̤С
һ˭õ߷ѪҪܵõŷ֮ضȻһϯ֮ءﵽҲǲܡ
ȴҳֻ֣Ϊ⹬ҽΧûܴҪǣ󲻿ɱ˶ı
ڵҽͬѪˮһڹ޾ĵ۲ƣӲӵʮֲֿʹΪӵ󣬶̤С
ڶݵĳĬ̤֮Źҽ֮ȥ
ıѵһ˵õ𣿡Ҫҽʱһ͵𣬲֪ʲôʱ򣬴һӴһڳ֡
ʣǴЦ⣬һͷɫĳ쳣ƾˣͬһ㡣ȫɢһ˵ơ
ӣɫ˱䣺飡㣿
ôӺ⣿ЦտŶԷǴżζҪȻ
͡
̲ܶסԲ۾ǰĿӣȻȵһλ顣찡Ȼᡣ
飡һ·ǱӴģ㲻Ҫ̫֡ȳŭ֮䣬һơ
ɷƵҪűӣҪսǾԣӶžǡ
㵱㲻ɣ뿪һǱӻҵġȾָģЦ
ʲôǴ˼˵ġӺαƷգӾҪȾָΣҪͰѱӸߡ˿Ϊ⡣
ԣòǴ氡ӽ棬Ҫˣ
Ķ飬֪ǲ뿪ı˭ܷŹһǰĹȫҽ۰վһ˵Ǿ͸ƾֶΣ˭ܵõᡣ
ˣЦǰĹ˵ڴ֮ǰҪƿ⹬ܽ
ԣɫƽ˵βҪȵЩҽĿֲҽ۳ֱۣܷˣһԶԶȲĿֲ
ܲܽ壿ӿֳһ뷨뷨һۺֲ²Ʒףǿ߲õסϾⲻ׵硣
뷨֣ͲסӵǿʶˣҪﵽӣҪϵԼǰһᣬܸӽˡ
λ˭ȽҽеʱǰһĻ㶣һȻλӵ֮ǰҽ߹ȥȻλ֮ǰò
Ȼ


1063 
һҽҲĿ㡣ǸƸʬʵ㣬üͷ΢΢壬ȴûй㡣⹬֮ƴҽۺֲûƿ߽ȥʲô
Ȼϲǰ棬ȴûһ˶֡
Ψһ˼ҽ֮УҲɻ󲻽⡣㲻һӣôͷ
ˣʸͷҲֻλӡƫƫ߽ȥˣ˵˹òȥõô˵Ļ£ȫˣ
Ψһ˵ҲҪϣ⹬űĶǲ޶ܵõ
ҽոսУʱһƬƷɳȥգٱա
͡
˵һǿǼʶƾһ֮ѹٸʬſȵ۾Ȼоͱķɳȥ
ͬЩҽӿĻԭΪԼߣɽȴԤϣֱӱƷɳȥ
ƺ˽ȥҽĸΪֲɽĻϳϯ֮յ죬һò߲ϵĺˡ
Ʒɵ㲢û˶ֹӿݵȥסȫ治ϵĳŸոյľ飬ʱСӣסӰϵǰС
ͬģӿ㲢ûȫǣһɹɵӿУӿ֮˲糺̵
ŹŵȥԽ߽ŵҽӿȶԽǿ޾壬Щӿϵĵ۲ƣס˵ͬʱҲһɹ˽С
ҪЩ壿ΨһڿһЩüĿ̲סԲ۾һ˶һۣǶ˶ԷеĺȻ֮ɫ
㶵Ŀ㣬㻹ǸҽӿĻһĻɽ緢ֻҪǿ٣ƷĳȶΪ
ҪЩƹĵۣҪǱĻҪƷнƷ߽סĻǿӶ㣬ȻҪ壬ⲻʲô
𻹺һ㣬Ͼ˶иֶΣ֢ܶҩ𡣶ֻûйɣȲĿ񱩣ûйɵĻ͸Խˡ
Ψ֪׵쳣ĵֵѲɶԻҲУ
ΨĻУһӿĻֱֱĺϣȻסȴ̳һŵˮݡ
һĻΨľ֪Ĳ²ˣ׵зͬѰĵֿǶԻȴͨһԵֵ
ûеֵ׵ֵֿȻ壬ǻˣЩܻקȴϵС
ǿǾ˵ģ֮У£оҪ濾ˡľѣǿȶˣҪǱ˵Ļ͸޷ˡ
Ȼ˾ģ㲻ΪѶˡڻӿʱʩչӡᣬһɹǣС
һֱĶ׵磬ȴδҲ֪ǲǵһνԵʣЧȻʮֺáӿУȻֻ΢Լǿȣʵʵ
ʱǿȣһǿȶãЩ֤Чˡ
㲢ļסĳֻǣһֲϵĽȥմԼ
׵磬ҪʹĶ࣬㶼ҧ֮Уһǿȡ

˿˵㣬һǾֱܣŤܸоʹǴ忪ʼӿֵķĴЧޡ
ȻƷĳȣЧܱȵƷȥ壬ǵòʧһ˶ʵ
ҡͷôֵãƷʹȴܲƷĴɵӲ顣
ȴĵɵӣûκ˵һ˾ͽҽӿģɹɹҽҽг·һ˲Ҫҽճɽ̿
˿ż͵Ľ㣬̲סļΨĲܱȵģֻǶԱ˺ݣԼҲ̡ͬƺ⣬ΪʲôδԴȴߵһ
뵽⣬˾ȻҲҽΨ̲סһˣ˵
ģҲҲ˦Ψģҽֱȥ
Ψļˣ㶣ͷһۣȻҲҧҽ֮ȥǶ̼ˣΪ֮ӵǣЩһֱӵķ緶ѹƣǺܲ˿̼ΪȻðôսҽУȻ
Ƕ־͵ˣԸϱȱ˲һŮ˶ȥǻʲôҵģ
˽Уòٵ˿ͷʥҲӰ죬ǶһܣȻҲҽ֮С
䡭䡭ҽϵӿȵҽ棬ϯЩʥӶȥ
㲻ͬЩʥһȫסȻҽӿĿֲȴƷκһˡ
Щ˻ԶʼԼǣ˴Լ塣
ÿһ˵嶼ܺ㿰ȵģ˴ʱʥӲҽгȻһ飬ֱճζ
ΨĵҲգϳˮݡ
Ψһ˺Ȼǰȣȫͨ㣬дżֺȻ֮ɫ
ʱӿ뵽ϵѾʮֲֿˣû̳ˮݣֻյͨѡͿԿǿ̫ˣҲǿܶࡣ

ڲҽУʥӳܲ˳ֱӱˡˣǸǹҽĳ˲ķķ飬ҽϣճɽ̿ҽУҽУڷ
˺ȻĿһĻһʥӾȻڷôֲĻУЩʥȴһҧԼ塣
ЩʥӾ壬˳˻ĴЩʥҲʾҧֱ
ҧʥӣϷϵӿ뵽֮УĵҪ㷭ԿĳЩʥӵǿڷ
òΪ΢Щȴ˶ࡣȴҪǿ
ǿ̫ǿˣǲ˵ҲҪͨʥǿ
һͨʥǿʲôԿʼˣ
ѹֲսˣҪӡЩ뷨
бЩӦЩ˳Ӧ֮ǿӾˣɰĿת˹ŵ˼ŵһ㶵Ŀ㣬㲻ȥǹŵĵۻɣ


1064 һ
˵עУһŹų߹ȥ˶˼־񣬼ʹ̲סĿת㣬дż־֮ɫѵȥǹŵҽۻ治ɣ
ǣһȫȻûгԹ浽жǿҲóһʥ׾ˡ
ɻͲУȻӿ˹ŵĵۡ
䡭
ڴŵĵۣҽ˲ӿһϯֲȻĻϯҪзա
ͬŵϵĻҲɨ
ֲĻ汬˵ۿ㣬¶ɫĻֲ̫ˣոշʮֹҽȻҲȥǣǲ֪
ͬӿĻֲھִ֮ϲǿȾˣҪܽĻİԼǿٴһءĴҪϻҺĴҪǿ
ӰܿⱩɨľ޴棬˾ûֵֻܽңαܿͬʱ趯ǣһҽ
ҽۣѪһ㣬ȵ˴б˸նڲҧõۻڵĵۻʱ˳ϡ

ȵĻϣ㶼鲻ԽĲҽһϳ˽ڣƮɢ͸УҪ濾Ƶġ
ʹѣ㱻յɫŤҽֲ̫ԽһƷĳȣҪƵġתŽҪȼĻ档
ֲգϳ˹ķģĲϣһ׭ǿ
ЧϲҽֲܴǿȣǾ˵ġ
Ҳ֪գҽʮֲֿոһҪȼ壬Ҫŵĵұ䣬¸ովҪճɽ̿ˡ
ɾˣҲһ飬Ƥˡ
˲屻˵ʹȻҽ۳ĻдãҪúõһ
ո˵󣬾ȻٴŹŵӿֵҽ۾ȥʱֲĻ㣬ͬʩչңθϽܿͬʱҲǣһϡ
͡
ۻٴγϣ֮ǰľ飬ѵת¡ǼʹˣǱƤ
㲻ϵǣһ뵽Уڸ˿ðգɱĻһεûȫϨЩ棬Щ屻˴ƬһͷͷҲյֻʣ²ָ
˿Ļ㣬һ̲ס塣Ļ½ҽ۴壬裬һСľͲ
ȻΣֵľٶȴòĴŴЧҽޣǽܷĵۣǿȷϷĲϵ֣ܼĲתϻַ׭ϡ
Ͳķ׭׭󲻵޷һʥӵеķ׭תŸصĹ˶Ŀа
ҪϹ壿
־ȻӣǿǿסȴҲδԶϹΪĿԼϹʮּѣҪǿȶÿһεļ¡ΪӣǿȻ˵Ǿ봫澳εϹһ꣬ΪһʥӣȻϹΪĿԼ
ô־㣬̲סֹһ
㲻֪˵𺳣ʱڷĽܷ趯ǿȲϵܿһ׵Ĵʹͬʱȴ쳣˷ܡ
Ҳ̼ЩʥӣһʥҽдȻǿ˲١ǿҽȻҲҪӰǣһҽۣܿŵҽĻ湥ѧõҽԼ
ҽ۸ոճϣϾͽһ飬ҽһȴҧĹҪ˴Լ塣
ֵǣĹѹƲ˵ĳȣ£Ȼڵ⿪ʼȼճɹɻ棬˱ȼճɻҽ
һĻ㶣漴һҡͷ̬ȴǣȣⲻ
㿴ŶԷ˽֣ҲЦһԼŵѹ˵ķգɱȴܡϣԼżơӣ϶׳ԣȻĳԣⲻԼʲô
£ǿȲϵͱĸˣǿȱһԸӵĵزʱ㣬ƾס𾳵ǿһˡ
ģȫ۲ƣԼҪһΣֻҪͱССһĤһӿ硣
ӣ
ܿ뵽ʲôʱͻֻܣһǵ۾һӼ۾Ҫ㻹ûôǾͿӼˡ
˷û뵽һȻӵӰӡ
ǣ۴壬ǿӡȴʼղ벻˵Ӽ֮һĤȻһͱƣȴôŬͱơ
ɻ󣬵漴뵽Ӽ϶ûôôﵽ϶ҲҪʲô
뵽⣬̾һҲһﵽӼǣŵ۲ϴ壬ǿȲϵӣ޵ӼܸоǿѾʥӼͬˡ
Ĵ£ҲķԪ㾳Ǵ澳壬ǿȱǿɵԪҲࡣ
֮УԪǿֲģӿ뵽֮СΪǿȵӣɵԪҲķ˽һ
˵ҪʵһĻǿܿӼʱʵѾһˣǲǴԿӼˣ
һֵĿֲվҡҡͷͶԷһЩġ˵ǿӦԼͶԷһսӦǿԵİɣ潻棬һĲࡣ
ҧҪͻһﵽӼĤͻĤĵӼЩҲܰӣ
ȻһĤǲͱƵģ
յЧԽԽˣҽﲻʲôã֪ﵽһƿˣ޷
еķģһǿȣΪһоԼǿȻһ㶡ﵽʥӵʱ򣬸оҪһ˿ѣ˿̱ǿˣǾûĿܣìܵģ


1065 
Ȼڹŵ֮⣬ĨһҩҺƵĸ߼ҩգҽʿϣ㱻ճˮݻȥ
ͬʱ㱻սڵƤҲʼ䣬ĳһΪ𪽿۵ļֻһͷƮĳȴ޷ָѾյĲˣǰһĶ̷
㱻ʱҽĵֿҲӣǰĹŵŵȫʯɣŹ֣ЩֲԾżż֣ȴûдпʲô˼ȴܸоʱϢŻĹŵĳ
Űعŵҽ棬ɫҲءոմʱҲֻǣеһСС֣ɾ˻㱻գŵ֪ٵĵȫֻοֲ
ҪǳУȴ֪Լûƿƹŵҽ뵽⣬㲻ɰĿ⿴λӣΪӣȻӵķǷֶΣ˵ƿ
˴ʱҲɫأǾþò־ΪҽĿֲ
飬Ҳ˰ɡһ·ʬʥǱƵģҪͱҲֲֵŹƽͻȻ˵
ɨһۣ漴Ц˵㲻ҪΪӲ֪ʲô⣿ǸʬȵŵƵĵҽ𣿺ߣҪҲҪϻһ֣ƿҽΣ
һ֣Ҳƿӹ۲ãЩҽֱӵģͬѰҪƿ޷󣬲ܱġ˵
˵ͷ޳Ȼ֪㲻Ҫ߱ӣΪû
ʲôҪӶɴ۾ŵĿ飬д֮ɫ
ҪΪкƿŵһȻ󣬿ܱȵοǻŷ֮飡
ĬȻ֪˵еȴҲԸ⶯ǺεȱǲȫԼӲεģΪͨתǵԵʣȻͨתȻ
ֻǻֻڳɳΪͨ·ϣҲóˣҪó˵󣬳
ⲢǲܷģǺпܣϾȻճɾͲվδصǿ߲٣ʱɱӵ˲ûУҪǱջɱҲ
ΪԭǵóǴ
ȻȲȴֲܱͬһЩܼӵս
ϾõĴޣһξһΣԲ򲻵ѣǲԸ⶯ĵƵġ
һѡҪ㿴֣֮ҪôǴʱ˹ŵ˭С鿴˵ɫȻ
ãҲһϵȻ۶鶼ãҲûʲô᲻õġ
Ȼˣҳְɡ˵Ӱҽм
λӼҽ˾ͷĵ֪ȵƿŵȻžĳ
ΨһҲ˺̹ҽ棬֪ǵĿֲ˲˵ʮֵĳס
˵עУȡһȣȽͼͻȻ֯һ磬һʱһɸ͵ޱȣһ˸оɢϢ̲סļ¡
𣿾Ȼƣܱƣɾ˾ˣҪֻǺ侪˰
˾̾Ŀ⿴飬ȡһڵˣһ־ضҪ֮Ƶģͬļ²ѡ
ͬʱ֣˹Ķۣ䵽֮Уʱٵؿֲޱߵӿֳǻδ֣𵴶ƣѣϢ硣
㶵Ŀ˹ĶɫǵԤϡʹΨһˣ۲ѡ
Ȼǿ߲٣δǳ֣˴ǵһμȵ
ӿ
ûлΣ۹䵽Уô¶Ҫҡε趯׳ɽӣ緢ڵҽֹͣѹơ
㶵Ŀǰˣޱȣ֪ĿֱֲСĲϢ
˿ֲ𣿡
㶵Ŀˣ˼ȻҲܣɫ԰ǵĳУԽԽǿâ졣
ơ
󺰵ĳɨ˳ȥƿ֮ͬһŵȥ
ͬʱҲ
䡭
ǧڵ𵴶ͬ˻ӿǵֱֱĺ͹ŵĵҽһ
ǿֲģֲ澰˶Ŀﱬ貵ĹââϯʣϵƲʱֱӺ飬ֻ֮ʣ߶Ի
ѣɽҡΣһеĶģЩ߱Ѫ
֮ĪĻܣķȼҽڳױĵۼܣһƬ˵ľ˺ܶ࣬ɱɡ
Űãһ˶ֱֱĿǰֻǲŹŵĵҽɢλɫЩ԰׵ڹŵ֮ǰǶЩǱȻҪƿŵɡ
ΪƿŵԵʣǷڵҽȻʼĻȥԭֲĻ棬ˡ
۾͵һɱȥŵĹŵһſı
һ仰ʱŹŵȥΨһҲļȥȷʵ飬ᣬҪᵽ֡
˳嶯ΨĴ󺰵飬Ҫ嶯⻹ӡ
ǷΨĵĻ͵ļȥ硣
λȻҲûйܷ飬ǿϵķᣬһۣ˶ٶȿ磬ȥ
ҪˣӵġͬӰ硣
˵֮䣬ܿ͵˷Աߣ־ŷץȥôȡģץȥʱ򣬷ӿֲϢ𵴶ɫ䡣
ӰܿϢĳ
˲δ˶ȴǰеȥֲĵӿ֣ϵû뵽֮Уȡǵ֮ѹ¡
û˿ƣֻĿܣĽѹס
ڶѹƵͬʱٴγ֣ŷ˹ȥ˶˾Ҫλܵõᡣ


1066 ˭֣
ѹ£֮ӿӵİѸոձѹס
ֲҲӵȫܱѹ£ԭӿķȻ
Ӷŷץȥãľ춯أֻԷҪԷһ𣬰ظѣɽХľϯɨգտݣ񷱻򴩡
鼤Ҫᣬӳȴò࿴Ӱܿӽ趯뿪Ȼ񻹳ȲѣҲҪλ̫ʵ
ӲϽ֣ԱֲƣϣɨһƬ쳹ɽӵƣĵѹϢ
Ƕ֣ҪѶԷնɱȡ
ŭһʢѪ˫ֲĹâȳ֮䱩ǿһ쳹գͬɽò˿ļ²ѡ
Ҳʾ趯ӭ
սļޱȣϣľأļޱȡ
˴֮䣬ѹķȻŹâ֮гһϢϢǺǿȴâǣֵ趯£ѹȥ
ãܣ͵ͣ˴򶷵ֶΣ¶ɫӰԶߣˡ
ǺҪǲʮֿܵĻƾѹסҪܣԲĶֵġ
ʲôӡͨĵͨıҪǿܣʲô׵ѹס
һ˵ȻΌܣǿҲޣȫѹסǰֵȴȫܣܵסģ
ܣӿֳȵĻ棬ǳɫϣֵ˲䱬ѿ
Ǻ䱦̺ͬСըʱ޾ЩԵ񷱻ֱӴݻ٣ϯͬըը
ǿֱӳϣȻܵĿ죬ɻǱ
ͣ
ӵĲҽ֮УӵɳȥѪҺͬߵķһԶľʯϣʯֱӱҳɷ顣
һ˶ɴ۾ʧĿǰľ澰
ķᣬٴλָ֮ǰİ;ϣųâ
ڴʱҲֱȥŷץ˹ȥʱâ𵴣ȵĻҪѷҲաҪϵʱ򣬷Ѫ֮ĵѪ
Է˺֮Ѫϧ龫ѪӿϣԭֲķȻϨ𣬰ѷľѪսȥ鲻ԼѪĵ͵ץᣬֱӱץУɫϲ
˿ŷȻõһʧ֮͵Ĵɱ
Щ˲ӿϵĶʥȴûôƣе۾ǿߣʥͬʱŷ˹ȥ

һеķֱɨ趯ųȵĻɨ滯ˣ˹ȥܷһУΪ׵һǿ˲䱻ճɽ̿
ֲĳò͵ĺˣܿĳᣬӰԶߡ
ߣӿŷȻ뿪ǴŭҪ׷ȥɸոձشǣո³һѪҺڵķѪ޷׷ȥ
סλӶǵĲں
ڸŷΧȥҪɷ鵲¡
Ƿ鲢û˶ֹͣŵǰߣеķ趯ӿֲĻ棬滯ˣİһȺ˺俪˸ҴâӰڿٵĵ·УԶӴܡ
Χٶȼ䵽£ɽ±ӿߡͬģҲ׷ȥ
ûйЩˣĿȴˣڸոշŷĵطһڵƣոյķǷϵģʱᱬĳȻƣȴûбճһۼ
ⲻȵģò˼ǣƾȻŰԣİӡ棬ĺۼʮɻ
䡭
Ϊ뿪ͻȻ͵ıը˿еһж˳Ҳ棬бڶǽܡ֮ǰŷҲһĺۼ
ң͵ļȥȥͬʱҲмץһɨϯ߶ɳȥһɨץС
Уʱһɱĸоܵĳȸ롣һƣƲֻжʮףޱȣŰԣЩԣӦǰɵ󷨣ʮ죬㶢ƺҪȥ
ԭΪƣϸϸ֮̽зⲢǽġϵƽǽҲ鿴ʲô
УסʮָУһֱ
ʲôֻ棬ȴ̽б档
뵽ոյһĻĻ֪ⶫԲ򵥡ⶫУĿ⿴򹬵ըŲٵƷŵҲŸ߼ҩ
֮еıﲻ٣߷Щȥ
Ҳ˼ǼⶫȴûпֱۣӶͼ֮С
ŹѣֻʣɱߣҡҡͷҲûٹЩһбĶƣĿ⿴ӣʱָһЩɫ࣬ŷߵķ׷ȥ
αŭǻٵˣȴΪ¡˭ܵˣرһ߸ϣĤݵӡ
뵽ᱻߣ̲סֹһѵŷз˵Ѫɣǻͼ֮һǻޣŷз˵ѪǺͻҲйϵ
뵽ȥŷʯڣŷˣѪӿĵײ˼־ŷǷ˵ĺᡣ
ŷǷ˺ᣬΪŷʥŮѪ
вر˫۾һμʱ򣬾ͲʧУ㲻żкͺ˵ĻѵĴͫеһ֣Ǻͷйصһͫ
ԺеĲ²Ժ⿴͸ƣҲԸӰԶߡ׼Ҹطúõоһ⵽ʲôⶫԲǼƷ



1067 һɱ
ɽ¼䣬û߶ԶͱʥӵסӰʥӲǱˣǵ;Ļӽеˣ˵żߣǸ߾Ļӵλͷ
Ȼȥʥ֮⣬ʥҲ㻢񣬼һߣƲС
һ˰Χģɫĵ·
ɨһˣԷƲСԷѹָԼˡ
Եǰʥӵ˵Ųɡ
ʥ鲻Խ˺뵽ô˸׳ƣִ˵ҪΪĻֻһ
˵꣬λʥаΧ㣬Ҳۿ㣬Щ˶ˣʵֲһͬʱӿѹ㣬ʮġ
ԣΪĻӱ𣡡
ĻΪ˺ƣȻҲµ֣ﲻ⡣
ʥз֮أ

һȻĿ㣬ѹ㡣󣬼Ӫɫ̲ס˱䡣ȻǿҪôԼʥӣȴѡ
ҪǽոҵȾͷһ·һʥӶ㣬ʮ㣬ֱֳжֵ˼
֪һ۶˵ȻҪǱվͳȫǡ
˵֮䣬һƷ˳һƴ֮һʥӸǶȥ̩ͬɽѹ޾ϣһƶ£𶯣񱩰ԵĻϢһƿ磬ѹռ䣬˲͵һʥӵͷ
ʥӼƣɫ䣬ڵӿʩչ£ʮɵʵȫʥӵҲ죬ȫ˺أһ𶯵趯Ż֮
ܸʥӴһ˿һİȫУԶ䣬ҪƵշѹҪ㶼¾ͬһͷСƵġ
ΪʥӵûиָܹоʹԵ۾ͷķûС˿ȴԼͬһͷСޣôѶԷĿһ㣬͵ıȫȴӿ亹ʪ
ɫ԰׵ҧϧȼվѪӿױȵֱֱѹԺƳȥ
֮ܺԣЦһһûκλΣŻϢֱֱĺͶԷײһ
Է۵Ũֲ޴ϯġǾһļµ£ȴֽͬһ׵ĸ˺ѡʥӿֲδܵסֺһƾƿ˶ԷĹ˶ԷԺϡ
һ̩ͬɽѹһ㣬Ժ˲䱬ѿʥӼҲѵķ飬ѪɢգĿĵѪƮŵĵѪת
ʥҽжδü˾ʬ޴֮䡣
ɱһʥӣ˿Ϊ⣬ֶȻĶΧһˡ
͡
һǺȻ֮ɫرΧһ˸ɫ԰ף촽£˫Ŷڴԭŵ̲ס
һɱһʥӣǺεȵƣӣ
ֻŷɽ𶯣ɫ԰׵ͬʱŻѪʥӣ̲ס
ʥǺεȻȲӣҲǸ߸ϲһÿһĪսڴ˵޷ԽĴڣҲǽ½ܳľͷ
ȻڶԷһжܣԷĻᶼûСԵʲôز
ΨĺҲÿһĻ˶һۣҲӿ㶵Ŀ촽¡Ǻսʲô
ҪӼ𣿡˶㣬뵽֮ǰҽдĴ£ɾͲӣҲ಻Զˡ
Ҫ˵Ļ˵ʥˣ۾˿Ҳǰһ;Ͼ֮ǰս۾
׷ϵģһСȴһˡ
Ψ̲סŴܸУոռʱ㻹Ŀ̶ʱ䣬׷Խˡ
ǺεɿԲͨͨ飬Ǵ½޵еľÿγɾһλӣǾ춯صģ䶼Ϊ֮
Ȼδ۾ΪӵԣʵͳԽ˵۾ô澳ǸʺϣΪɾӣҪһ١
ⷬٱɾ͵۾ֲ֮ŭ֮ӣҪɾ֮ӣȻҪõϿɣήŭ飬ܳܵŭ𣬾ͳɾӣܲסǾͻΪɻҡ
ݣȴɵã
ͬģӾЩԶԶҪͬ׵ǿӲ۾ͨĵ۾ǰͬһ㣬֮Ϳ𡣾ͬʱ֮ʥһ
ӵĿֲǱױȵĻﵽΣѾþˡ
˭⣬ܳɾʱڣ˭޵еĴڣ˭ǰ£˭Խս
Ψĵս۾ȻǿƺǲΪܿӣΪ˵̫ˣ˵ķ룡֮ӣһδ۾ӶԸ۾ҲӦֵģҪȻ֮ӣ
˿һƾɱʥӣֶѾ޽ӽˣ
гΪӵĿˣ̤˵һˡ˴͵Ŀ㣬һƴǵ𺳿֪ĽµĿ㣬ȴҲûһҪɱˡ
˿ʼ͵͵ĺˣƶԵλãͬʱµһλʥӺݺݵĵһۡԹȻ鷳ʵһƶ׵ɱˣж˹ɱ
뵽Щԭڵ˿ʼ˺󣬺ܶ˵ʲôûзƵģĬĬվΧǰľʣһʥӺǵӡ
µʥҲŵĵ飬ֵĿ㣬ȫӿɹ亹
鷳Ҳǿһı뵽ͻȻôǿˡһƾɱʥӣʵܵס
Ѿ˲ԼˣԶͷļӴܡ
ҪӣѾˣ
һ׷ȥһٴκ
ʥѪɫȡиıʥֹȥ
ʥмֹ˼ɵģӰܿ
ꡭ
ʥһҺʥʥԱ
꣬ͫ׾͵󣬲ŵĿǰһƾȻؿϣհݱ˿Բ۾Уʵı˫ۡ
ɨ˶ԷһۣǴżֱģ뵱ΪʥܵסԼҪ֮ǰԣǴ˿ʵһңٶҲͨʥĪĵزٶȣʥΣܿһɱԷ
ɱʥӣһƬžĿɨĵͷֱӣ


1068 ߣ
ֲʵ˸̰ʹ֪бҲ˲²ȡǶƲ򵥡ȴ˸˵ʲôһÿ˵·Ŀ뿪ǵߡ
ǶˣȻδӵĲΣҲ˶ˡΨĸѾһˣʣµľͱǲĤҵ¾һٴﵽˡ
츳ΨĴûлɹΨߵһȻвԼŬǼԴҲ˲٣ȴһ·ԼߵҪû㹻츳ߵֲΣ
ΨһҵͻӵȵӶȻһϯ
ȻԸϲˣǲòϣΨĶ˸̾һ䣬֮ɫ
ΨȻдܸУȴû˵ǰܣΪܳɾӣܴԭתһǣﵽȻҪ࣡
ΨԼֻĻ
ȴͬԼһ·սʱսսأԼƴֲΣԼġ֮ɾӣ޷ӵ
˼Ψǰܣļ˵ʱܳԽ̫ܲܲԶɡҪȻľ̫ˡ
һ仰ΨĴ˼־񣬺ݺݵĵ˵ͷt뿪ķᶨ

Ȼ֪Լ˺ΨĵĴҸְ취ҪͻһĤӼˣ˴޷ǲĤ
ˣ˵֮ǰ˵ӵĽֻǺԼйأ
ţɻĿż־֮ɫ
ӲֻҪԶˣҪꡣ˵ҲֻżȻ֪ǲġഫżĸͨĲΣӵ궨ȻҪǷ
ҪηǷѯʵ
ʼҾͲ֪Ӿ̫ңԶ֪ҲЩҪ֪Ļ¾Ҫȥˡ
ô˵Ҳ˵ͷ˵ȥһ飬̽һ
Ҫȥ󣿡㵵Ŀ㣬㲢޺øУҲһӵĲҪ֪߳ӵĵһ»ɱ㡣
ҡҡͷ𲢲ȥѯδﵽԭȥҴһ£İɣзִ硣ϣһȥ
Щһֱϣͼ֮Уϣзų󣬾ȻϣʵŲٵĳ㾪ȣСʺ
뿪ѵõĶóֱĶٴβϵĴȴǿⶫʲô档ҲԹУͬûһ˿Ч
Ҫ˵һҪ˵ʲô㷢ֵľⶫ̫Ӳˣ㳢Թŵȥǵ£ⶫû֣ǵˡ
һãֹⶫԺãԱ˵ʥһȻʵܵסʥķâҲ
л˼£˳ֵͦ˳֣Ǹоⶫ̫ˣذһ㳤ȫΪʵı
ˣˣԺʶϳⶫʲôֹһҲ˼ơ

֮зϣʱʱŸֱԴ֡ȵʥ˵Īò˷ᡣ
Щñ֮͵Ķʱȴˣû˶ȥᡣʱڴԼȻҲ뾡취Ҫͻƿ
һĤȴû˿ɶŬ޷κ
ȵɱĴԴӿֵ£ʥߵʵҲž޴ȲأЩ޷ʥӶڷ
˵һλʥ˶ҵһͻƵ۾ĲΡ
㾪ȲѣʥӴǽԴߴСҪͻƣҪٴνߴԼͻƣҪŬͻˡ
ʥͻƵ۾һʵķԾһĵ۾Ҫǿ̫ࡣʱʵѵ۾̫ʥͻƵĵ۾ȴɹ˼ɡ
ȵӣ취۾ΡֹһҪܿΣʵȻܷǵŵĵز

ֻҵĻ£Ҳõ˲ٵĺöʱҲպˣȻȲӡĶû˸Ҹᣬһ㶼ǹá
⵽㶼˼ˣ̫۵ĶС
ܾȥҲڴϢͬʱҲ֪鲢ûб׷𵽣鲻֪صȥˣϢʧˡ
ӶʱŭѰ飬ӵǺεǷʱ˷ƵѰ顣
ǼʹˣϢȴǵò
Ϊ⴦ڷУ˿ȴ̤˵ڶʮһȣеõϢڵڶʮһȡ
̤ǳأв˸·Ȼǲϳ㡣
ȻǳصϢĺܿ죬ˡоȣ׵ǸôͻȻˡڵ֪Էһɱʥ֮ҲЩݡõһϢסˡ
ǳûãʹĲڸϹһע㣬ⶢ㣬ڵĵһ仰ǣ˵ʥзõһƣԲóӿ
дŲɣһз·ȻƵġվվӸµĵȴѶóۿ
Ҳڴе֪һƵģʱֻᡣӦžҲǷƷᵱ͸棬ҷᱬûκε˶ƣҲһƷ
Ҫ͵ø𣿡㿴󵭵˵ɫޱϲ
󵨣ô͵˵ģδ˵һ߽״߾ŭ
㿴ԷһۣͿͣҪϢˣ
ȣȻ汾ӣǾԲ㡣˵ҪʶȤͰѶóӿ
Ц𲻸㻹ҪɣһĶŶԷЦ֮ɫͶԷԡ
͡Χ۵˵һǰ̫ˣȻҺԣ֪ӵĿֲ
˵п̤ӵĵһɾˣߵĲҲǲġޱȣһ޵еԣȫ
˶ЦЦֿ֮㣺Ȥ̫Ȥˡӻô꣬ǵһαԴġ
ЦЦţЦȴһ˲ͻȻ£⣺ߣ
󣬿ȴͬرɫž֮ƣ


1069 ս
һ𵴣֮ͬŭǳصѹȥԭֵĳǳ˲ྲĿⶼתһӷŭ˶Ȼ˭Ϲۣŭ
Ҫձ㻹룡㻰ǿƣֱӣò̱ڵϣŴ۾ɫֵĿ㡣
˷ˣСӾȻӣǲ𣿡кȻֻоҪˡ
ΪڳǳأǳزܶĹӲɣӶ㣬ɫϵ£ò˺ȻĹڵϡ
ɨ˶Էһ۵˵Ȼ֪ضǵ˵ʲôݣֻҪǳظˣ´Ҷһֻ۱һֻۡҲס㡣
˿ǳش˶Ĺأ˵ƾ͸ƣʮһǵĳᵱûп
ߣȲҲϣһ˵ͷԷУڳǳػȥ
ЦҪˣǾԼ
̲ס֣һ˹ȥһƼΪѸͣһǳɣɨռѡһվλãһռݡ
һȴûд㣬Ӱʧ˵УٴοʱҲնվĶ棬ԣ治ɫ
͡
˵𺳣ǶסˣֱֱĿ㣬뵽һܣҪаӣܶĳǳ֮Сķչ˵Ԥϣ
ӳǳصĹҲˣ㶼ӳǳصĹء
ãããе˵֣ǿƴϱһǣǳرܶȴܡ
Цܶܶѵɱɣ㿴ŶԷЦΪӣ۸ߣǲҪˡ
Ķ£ɫָű֣һƶغѹ£ֲ𵴵ѿֱֱͷҪһɱ
Ȼ㲻Ӿ˽㣬õĶƣӻԼҡ㵭˵
㲻ԴУҲΪǳزܶĹضܵƣңʩչһƬӰһƬӰԷѹõĹѡ
ͬʱҲһָһ׵ֱҪȥսˡ
һ׵˻ǵԲ۾Ŀ㣬ͣȻĸڳǳж䣡ȳǳصĹأ룡
ӻƣΪ֮ˣվȵĴ˵ʮһǾΧ
һʥӣȱ˵סӣ㵲סˣƻҲܲ
еҲһ˶ۣҲˣȵĹضƣǾǲ֪ˡ
ӼȻҶ֣¶ζЦݡôֻҺ֣ȴû뵽˿̾ȻˡȻˣԼͺú棬֪粢ӵе͹˵ġ
ͬʱɱһǱΪӵˣҲǺġ
ñӿ㵽мʵ˵֮Ʒʱʩչ뻯ĺ·Ҫ£һػɨȥâǣҪƾ
ۣ趯ƣǿƶԵĻϢ֮ҲͯѰƣһֱӭȥ
䡭
һѣӰɳȥѪķϢɫżأ²ȶϵжϵ
ĿһۣһѾ趯ˣȻԷסˡһǵ۾Եסˡ
ȻвӵǱȻˣǾ͸Ҫˡֹ㣬ӶеѹȥҲܸоĪѹ
Ŀɿڴŵסһ㣬²ɵӾȻ浲һͬеɲ⡣
ȻҪսǾʹһЩ㶢󵭵˵
ӵҪʲôʸаӡɭȻȵغǿƶ޵аֶȭͷֱӺɱȥ羪졣
֮ӣʱڣ޵䣬۶ҪĤʱڵӣȻҲ޵䣬ķ緶˾ģ˸ҴɵӸ߸ϲһ̬ƮȻ䡣ӵķ緶
˿̣һδﵽӵ߾ȻаӣĿ¼ּС
㲻֪ʲôֹҲ£һսʧ󸶳ĽĴۡ
ձս㣬ӲǾǸ߸ϵġ˵֮䣬ɽӵ𵴶һŭԪ󣬵趯գսϾ졣
һ趯ɾͿֲסһϢֱӺգӿֵĺڶɽȥ
˽𺳣ǺεȵսսɢٴεסӣвϵغҪˣ
ٴεסһҲûйͣӰ趯ٴ趯ӿ
ӵǿֲģȭͷˣȥϣʽ
ҶԵУֻ·һ츳ôأ᲻Ჽӵ츳һжҪΪͻĻ˵֮趯һ쵶ֱӿ¡
Ҳ似ʩչ似κˣŻ似Ϊĺܣͬϡӻкܴһξ룬ң似ľɣȴǧסĹ
쵶£Ѿ˱𴦣ͬʱĵϯȥӲ浲ס쵶
ѹָҽа屾ӣԭмֱ£ٶȹ죡Ц㵲סҲû⡣ֻһǿһСģȴ޵еĵλ
ɲֻٶȿ죡
˵꣬ɨķȭͷϵ趯ķѣľ˷ȭӰϹȥ似ľֶҲӿ֣˷
һ似ʩչֻܿʩչ似ӰӣǿһĻһ͵Ŀ㣬ҲǺ𶯣һǷ
㵹ĺǿϣĿˡ
ҪԿĲӣ˭סǵ۾ҲҪ򱬰ɡ
ǣսȷʵûܴ񻰣ӳ֣ǿӾܶӳ֣ҪȻ˿ɴâ
Ǵʲô⣿ѵҪѰɣҪȻΪʲô
˶Ŀ㣬㱩ϱˣȫ貣ӿﵽ壬ҫһϵı
ǿֲģȻʽûʩչ٣಻ϱĪʽȴ׵ˣüҪǽңĿ죬Ҫȭͷ塣
޵вǼ򵥵˵˵˿ֲơ
ٵһԣһۺս֮һ²ɵ֮ƣʥƷޱ۾һĴ˳ȥ춯˶Ϊ֮Ȼ


1070 
˹âŭڣڵĵƹĵֲ˶麧ȻӿʹһЩͷ̲סĺ
趯ֱۣɨǧһ㣬ϵ𵴶㽣Ȼâ¶ŴĿĹâ䳤նȥХϡս۾ִս֮ͻ֯һֲֿĸ߶ȡ
쳤Хһ񷡣
սҲսأͬ趯ֲĵۺ𵴵һ㡣֮䣬ձԷϵĺ¡
ʱѾʮɵ𵴶лֶβ졣
ʵΪӣŭսȣս˿
˿㣬ǿƣȻδһ˿˺սȴ¶ˣܴ򱬵۾ս
Ҫ̣Ӿһһâɱӿ֣ۻâֱؿڣҪǱУǿҲҪޡ
Ȼתн˳һ죬߽쳹
ĵǰһϵӿֳٴֱԷȥ似ϣͬʱ׵֮Ҳϵļʿݱ¶ɡ
ŸǶµ׺ɫҲ˱䣬û뵽㻹ݡߣʿʱټһʿߵĽǿֲġ
սֵز˴ͣѾǿȻӣȴһս֮󾡹ռϷ磬ȴҲκβ㡣
ҪˣȻĿսӰ
ǰƾȻսôá

˾֮̾ϴ򶷵ˣʹ˶˼ɣսķǲܿԼľЩǳشķݱķ顣
˿ųǳеĽݻðź⣬ͬʱȴųĳ֣ڳǳд򶷣Ѿ˳ǳصĹءǣڳǳƵģûǰûгһ
ķβ𣿡з㶣ò˼飬˶ӵ£ѡ˲ʡ
䡭
ٴһػʩչ;ŵǬӿ𵴼䣬ӦԲӰʮɣѪҲЩ
˶סˣʧǵĿ㣺ȻƵӺˣ
ǻȻˣνֲ˾㤡£Էӵĳ̶սֵزⲻһˡ
Ҳͬ𶯣ƽϢ˷ڵѪ޵ŭΪӾȻ˱Ƶĺˣ֮ǰδԼı£Ҳǲԭµġ
Ҫ㲻ҪһӵʵǱӾʶһ¡
˵꣬ӿֱֲۻ裬ڻ֮䣬ӿǣأرǣһɹϢ͸뵽ĵ֮С
ȥһĵ۳ȭֱֱĳ㡣
ҧʮɣֱһӭȥ
䡭
ػ棬ֱӱĺɳȥ屻𵴵͸ѪҺѪҺĿġһȻʹ˲ᣡ
ʩչϢȴȻޱȡһǿԤϣͬʱҲһвһʹӵ˴

ȻѪȴսȻ趯ֱֲŶԷ˹ȥۻֵ⣬ʽϣϾŵǬս˹ȥ
֪㻹һֻն۳Ϣȫ֮ǣأضоܵضҪƵģĪѹ
ָоҧ֣ͬʱŵǬǷ趯Ҫͻѹ
ѹȴ޷װѣ㾪治ѣͨʩչ޷ѣδֲ̫ˡ
𺳵ͬʱԷһֵͬʱʩչԷȥ
Ǿˣ㻹ǱɳȥһѪҺ
Σδӣȴӽа壬δӣԶ֪Ӻǵʲô𡣡Ц಻ϵĹϵĺ¡
Ӱ趯ŵǬ඼ʩչ趯ͶԷ֡
ǶԷǿԶԼģʵǿ޷ĵزǹ趯ۺعǣ޾޾֮ϯ£ȫˣͷҪ۶ˡ
˿Ÿոջֲܺܣ˿ȴͻȻǶʧѡͬʱҲĿֲԭ˿ֲ
˵֮䣬ٴųһƣһƾ񱩰ԵʩչȴһôȻƽͣصӿ뵽һϣﶼҪһľﵽ壬˸Գ·Ĳǳ֮ˣس׵ϺΪһ塣
͡
ʩչ࣬ıͨɵסԷһɳȥٴѪ
ʱѾˣӼԶԼԼʵȣȴǶԷ֡
Ӽ𣿡ɻҧٴ󹥻ȥ
ź֮Хٴʩչң趯趯һ
ЦһϱȻͨǿǣ趯֮ӿ֣ĳȥǴڽںˡ
ѪϵĺˣԽԽ£ɲҪƵ
ȻҾͳȫ㣡һȻ֡ϼһ㣬ϯȥһɫ䣬͵ܿǻǱನɨҽһ׷ɳȥͷѿ
͡
ëȻͬʱҲͬĿ㣬Ҫɱˡ
뵽⣬̲סϧһΪӵڳɳ·;ȴɱˣΪɡ
һȻɫҰȴδЦһ㣬׼һɱ㡣
࣡
һһͨ󲻵òرܣԵȻ£ҪǱеĻҲһƤ
ܾȵ𣿡ЦĿ㣬׼ٴι㡣
ԼŲٵѪҺԳڿԵͬʱңҲ£ɱȴ롣
ɱ㣬׾٣ͰԴšЦġ
𣿵Ҫ֪βӣ᲻ỹģ
㲻ȴһɴ۾ȻĿͬʱŲš
˵ʲôܲӣ
һƬһļžĿⶼϡ


1071 
ʧƬ֮ϹЦ·һЦƵģ㵱ӻ𣿡
ȻţӺԴﵽϿĳϢҲ˵û鴫УתζԼ߹ģҲǴ˿ȴԼҪˣⲻЦʲô
ԼӣǺεȵļѣƾԼսһܲӣδ̫òˣ
ţ趯׼ɱȡƿǲһ
ļЦû⣬ָϵ趯һָнͬʱջһӡǣ֮϶ʱƱ鲼ֲ׵紩Уֲ׵Ż֮ܣ߿̲סľ
Ƭ̼ͻ˳ī֭һŨư̫ĹԶǳ֮Сûгþ˲䱻׵ơ
׵Ĺâǳյѩ׵˶Ĥʹ̧ͷ֮У֮һ׵ڴ塣
һ㶣漴ĿתƵϣһĭŲ֮ɫҿⲻİɣҪӣ
Ҳ㶵ĿһĻࣺӲţ
Ӱµץ˹ȥֻδץ㣬о׵¡׵磬ҲЩľϽӰ˳ܿ׵Ĺ
е׵粻ӽƬѿ㣬ͷƣʮֲԸţǴ˿ȴòʵ
ҵ˲ӵֶΣҽ֣ΪͻƿԼֵģоһɻɻҧгݣΪһӱԷôƣǵ˳
ӵϺȴڳһ²ٵʱ䣬Ѿγˣζʥӣ
Ȼɱ㣬Ų۵ƣ֪޷ģΪҪȥҪŭŭû˭ȥǡ
ߣ֪βΣһܲҪǼʧܣǾ͵ŻҷɣҼгɹŭܵסЦ벽ӣҲѣ뵽⣬ɫ΢΢ÿһЩ
ӡɲϵĹգһǰۣѪڵת»ƽϢҲʼƽ
󣬾ҪһΣȻû뵽ڳǳн֡㲻֪δﵽӣǾֻս֮󣬲Ԥϵ֣ץһЩߡҲΪʲô㲻ƣѪҪͶԷƴԵʡ
֮˿ֲȥʵǿ⣬һԭֲ֮ͬУ̺Ҳ˵ĵУںϣسɾӡ
õɣڹŵһ仰˼˵˵õĻԳΪ顣뵽仰ʱټϺһսĸܣһжͨˡ
ҪӣǾҪõõͳɵͬɵӡ֤ԼӶӵͨɾ֮ǳɵ㾭һΣ
õǾ񻰣еõɣ˼궼ﵽһĲΣܳΪ顣Ȼ飬ȴմ˱ߡ
Ҫɾ飬Ǿ͵õõȻӵĵõ鲻ͬȻҲеõеһֶѣһ֣춨вĿܡ
ӵĵõǰ֮Уؽڣ׳Լꡣ
ܰУȻܸоصı仯غܸоһ˿ǳҲԭӵǿޱȣ۾ǿǰø׳Ƴ
ͨЩȻжųɵľԶȱ˼еҪס޷У졣
ӡ趯ʱ򣬵۲ϵֳͬʱҲϵ͸͵۽֯һ۳һΣС㣬ʼ׳
һۺӿֵǸӤ껺׳
걾ͱ˵Ҫǿ٣޾ӿ֣ò˶㡣
ԽӿԽ࣬ͬˮһ㲻ϵϯֲǰС۳Һ̬Ө͸תʮѤ
ǰ꣬趯ݻȴ޷ӽУֻܿ㲻ϵӿ
ˣҪ֪㣬˵ʲôһɲɣĳˣرǶԷҪǽҳɹĻǸǡ
Ȼ֪˵ĸе궼ӿ֮廯һգǰСȴŸָӡ
ϵ׵ӡԽԽ¿ʼı𶯾ֲ׵翴κһ˶ľͬҲŸŸַ籩ֿ񱩶ֲϻۡ
ûйЩԼ꿪ʼ͸ȥ
͸أȻΌܣֲ֮ɢ
㲢ûΪʧӿءֻ֮ĵֿ֮ʮֲֿ޷͸ȥӿٶá
ǲˣҪУİ취ֹ뵽۵һ仰ɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮɽɽˮˮ
ȻƽܵһУǳήϢʱҲƽĿɽɽˮˮһжĹճһػ
ֿ£սⶼϴӣƽ꿪ʼӴ󻺻С
ʼˣսȭͷǲӵĵһۿҪɹˣҲܽţϾٳһӵĻȻȣܼ֤һӵĲͬǳ
꿪ʼ͸֮Уԭ޾С˿ʼɢ˿ǹ㣬ʼ뵽֮С
ܿ죬̶ʱ䣬еһ궼뵽С
üͷɫѿԷ츳ȷʵֲô򵥾ȫ뵽ˡ
εʱͻȻ鿪ʼһݾͬʯһˣ㶣ɻ󣬲֪ʲôԵʡ
ȴȻĴЦݣǲܼУ͸֮Уȴܼˡػ٣㲻Ҳǻ˶ѡ
Ц㼥˵ˣӲôóɾ͵ģ
Ļ̲ס㣬ݣǲĻӣȻ֪ǺǣһľҪΪ


1072 ܶ
Ϊģطֲϯͬˮһ飬۵һ㣬Ŀģ
ʳΣضУɾӣֱǰΣɾͲˣǾֻ·һɭȻЦ쳣̶ò˿ϧĿ㣬Ȼ֤ӵĵǰһĻǣʧˣʧ˾ֻһ·
ʳʵۺ񣬵ͷվҪڷ̲ס̾ϢݣǳľΪҽﻯ¡¡飬ǳشطѡΪģԲڣһƬء
ǧҲűУΪ㣬Ϊ˵䣬ʲôһʤ׷ߵ۷塣һ·֮ϵļվ֮࣬ش˵ҪҪıˣվλãһ鱯
ݣеδؾݵδΪݵԵʣո뵽ص𵴶صʼҪеɱ
ʱҲɫ԰ޱȡҲû뵽֮лֱ仯ʱݣ֮ɣ˶ɱ
ˣһʼҾʹˣزϵӿҵĵߵ֮ҺزУҪ֮ϡĵôϿɣԼشꡣ
㷢һĴ󣬶ʱɣʼݻеꡣ
صǿֲģ֮䣬㲻ĥ˶ܵشҡ
صȻ˵ֵܵסٱĥ
ȥٱȥԼҪ׵ĥ𡣵ʱ겻ֻ·һѡо壬ȴԴС
ͱ߲ͬҪǱ߼ʧܣֻ·һΪشķϣԼĴԼܵס
ȴͬĵ֮ϣĵصƿУȻˣΪʲôԿأڶԿȡʤʤˡ
ȻҪǰܵ˻ʬ޴棡
壡ŭһԭŵ㣬ͻȻſ۾һĿ⣬⼤һأһȻƬ̣е̺ӿ֣һӿȥ
飡ٴδ֮УΪ뵽УȻЩոձҪٱֹ֧ţǰٴܳס壬ʼķ
ۣ֮֮趯Ǭһֲ𵴶Ť֮۳أĥ档
䡭䡭
ձϣһҪĥ꣬һҪס߽꣬𵴶ϯֲ쫷硣
⡭
˴͵Ķ֮ϣŵĿľٶлҪʲôǲҪشҪش𣿿ôܣ
ǧ֮¶Ҫܵѹƣ£˭ܷأñǴ󺣣ߵĵǺе㣡֮ںгΣΪˮݡҪǺˮĻ㻹ڵĳ
ȻԿĴ󺣣ⲻǿЦ
ͷǣ𣿡ĵĿ㣬дŲм֮ɫ˭زɹֻ·һһ⡣֪֮ûġ
ļУһۿأϢصĥһ𣬼ķХ
Ⲣûĥ꣬ĴȻֲԵ֮ҲǺöԸģɵʱתزμе֮ҪԶԶǿһΡ
˵ɵʱתǺӳأһξǺ߲㻹Ǵ·磡
Ǿܴ·磬˶ʧѡ㴦·ûȴܻܿסصĥǣ˲ص֮С
˿ǲ˼ģ˵֮Ҫĥ֮Ĳֵ𣿿ȴֵ
ӿ
֮䣬޾ϵı趯ſֲĻؽ档
ͬʱһֵҲսȻ趯֮ϯһɹ𶯣ۺ֮滹ǲϱݻ١
ҡͷʧܣǲˣĲǼ־һЩѡǳҪģ
˵ȴʱ趯ĵ֮䣬ԭĴͻȻת
ĴǿֲԵģϢڵ޾ĻϢ˺أţǣһתĴȴ˴Ͳѡ
֮ǰĻʧԭİԵҲһɨ⡣תһ崺Ĵֵһ֣ԭΪݶήĲľȻٴλָ˻
ֵӿֳ֮ײһ֮Ȼݻĵۣ崺Ż޵ĵ͸֮УԭݵؾȻĻָ
֮֮
ĺУ͸صٴ۶Ȼ֮ĥ𣬿޵ĵ͸ȥָֻ˹Ȼǰϵ׳
ֵ龳㶣һ㵵㣬ͬһĵɴ۾
֮ôܰѻ֮һ˾ò˼飬Ͽĵֵˡ֮սִ֮֮һϣֱ˼
˵û͸һɹɵִ֮֮֮һͬġ㵱봫ʱ򣬻ͽ֯һ
㵱Ҳǽ׵Եʣ֮ͻ֮͸Եʣֵӡ֤ңɾ֮
ĵ֮δù˿̶ȴЧˣضûĥ
֮ǣУ޾ٴǰһҺСˣǰصݾȻûĥꡣ
һĻҲԭأΪҲʶ㲩ˡǰȴԤϣûڼ֮ܲĥ۶ɵġ
ǰˣ˶ŵֶ顣
ʹգ۾ȷǰģǷĴ˲ʧܶ漣
ˣһҪɱ⣬̫ˣҪǲɱ֪εȿֲ


1073 ɱ
ɱģԷıֶƿǱǷľ⽫·ϵһУŶԷδ
ʧܣʧܣ̾Ϣ֮䣬Ҳյɢƻ۵ķ׻ӽ٣ʱʧˣҲή
ɻǣ۵Ʋû˶ɢڸΪֲ
ô£㶵ĿһĻдɻĿⶼ㣬ܿǾ뵽һܣǵԲ۾㣬ٴμͻӰɣ
ڷۣеķ׵粻ϵзϢһ׵ķ
ˣͬɻʧ֮ȻٴμУΪغ費ɣ
ѾʧһΣȻӵΣٴسȴ룡
ȴ֪ЩƵģһƬͨҫ۵⣬Ĺϣͬˮĵۣò˿һļ¡
Ҫʲô㱬ƶɻ󣬾Ҫ꣬Ҳɡ
֮ǵأزܳضء֮زÿһ³һ֣Ȼӡ֤֮ӡնɽХԪ
һʼʹˣĵʺϼ֮Сĵߵ֮ɾӣǴҲӦó֮У֮ʺߵĵ
벻ľٶ޾͸͸ȥ뵽Ѫ֮Уȫ뵽ѪУѪĽڣѪ̺꣬͸ǿȣҲѪ⣬Ѫǿȡ
Ǵǣʶģ˿ȴع鱾Դһַɢ
֮ԣأ޷УǾͰУȻ޷ھųȫС
һ뵽֮УյҲϵֲۣ𵴣ȫͶĳС
Ȼ꣬üͷ޷⡣
ӡУǧԴҪɾʥӾҪˮУ׳δ˵ɾӵġ
һܺһ̺ܺؿ
ƫƫȴ飬ﵽӣⲻǳ˵
עУ͸ÿһѪ⣬ÿһ͸ǾȵģȻԴ͸Ѫֵĵۿꡣ
һжѹȥԸֶѪںϣ͸ÿһ缡֮С
˳ɾӶڱ˵ܣȴʺ㡣ߵ֮˼ҪءĵܽسأǾֻܽԼˡ
ȷʵȲһأɲ겻˶׳Ǿ޴ıأͬһصأʱھֻеһֶѡȻءزͬȴΪá
رҴˣʺ˳أ˾ò˼飬ǰȴʵ֡
ϵ׳׳֮䣬Ĵﵽһ־ԵĿ֮˺ϣҲоԼꡣ
꣬Ҳĸ֪֮Уֻһңеһе۶ɾ֮С
ֿ֮ʵķĲϵ֣ط͸֮У󲻶ϲܵ㿹ܣֿԽǿңϢǵԽ
˫Ϣ𣬿ֲĵǹãеһж˲Ŀ̲סĭ۵ƣʼ任Ī⣬еķ׵Ϣϵ׳Ȼڼӽ١
֮ҪƥУҪǧ֮⣬֮ΨҶѣ
ӿɹɵۣӿĵۻǹؼ伫ΪҫۣƵޱߣеĹԶڵס
ߵʲô֮ߵΨ֮ҪҪ֮ϣǷ˰ɣ㶵Ŀ㣬Դˡ
ǧǧκһֵߵһζܳɾͨΪֵ飬ƿȴû˵˭ٵ߳زĵѾ쿪ˣֱǷħˣ
гɾͨˣ˭ǽ֮õ˭֮¡ƫƫս֮ϣ֮֮ϣⲻǳʲô
ĸ졣ۿ㣬Ȼоĵ󣬿ȴûгɹĿܣû˭սϡ
עУ޾ȫ͸УľȻĻһںһ˿̾ͬһѳʵâ¶âۼһƲϵ
ױȵ𵴶ò˺ȻЩ̲סĤڵϡ
𾪵ƣƶغ¡¡ϣ貵ĹâɨĿѤ
ڲϵϣɸΪС
䡭䡭
Ťתأزĵŭأ֮У۳һɹɵĵۣ貣ķֵ۶ǱԴۣԴأһʱ˵Ϣ
ˣˣ볬֮⣬ŭҪĥˡ
֮ӿֱֱֵۣĶ㣬дźȻ֮ɫ
ۣǰ۳һ壬ҲסˣǰӰģһģһҪϵϢĻ㶼ᵱԼ
һĻȴûһ˿⣬볬֮⣬Ȼǰ۳ɵ֮֮ĥ㡣
ϢѾǰһģһ壬Ҳսʮ㡣ҪҳɵԵĽѾҪȱ˶Ķ࣬ȾҪصļ
ǰؼĽѣ㲻ܵסԷǾͳɲӡ
뵽⣬ȻգϹâ䣬ֱֱͨԶ塣
Եˣ˶ɫ԰ף֮۶ɵģĳ˵ľȴҪϽ֣⻹л·
˵ۿ㣬ȴĽŴ𰸣Ҳ뿴㵽ֵز


1074 
ǵصӿ޵еϢ̺Ŵȵ𵴶ԵĹԣļ²ѡ
ɫأȻ֪֮ôֲ
۳һ۲ȫԣϴ趯һǰ趯
䡭
һ˲䣬ǰȻ𣬿񱩵ﵽ޷ִеĵز貵ĵ۳ȥֱֱĺȥĳ־ǵ
㱻һĵû˱׷˳ȥֱݣֱӻ󺣣ռ䣬ͷ۵Ϊ֮ʧɫ
űɵ㣬Цһ֮ÿܵģĵʩչ£ÿһιǴɵֵܵģ
뵽ֲ֮ܿҲδңʹǿļµһ¶ӿ˹ɹѪҺѪ
һȭͷ趯ֲǾ޾һȭֱֱǰ幥ȥһȭʮңﶼݡ
˲ĿǣͬܣҲʩչǾŵ۵ֱֱĹ㣬ûһ˿Σʽһģһ
䡭
ٴһ㱻ֱӺɳȥٴѪҺʹޱȣʹӰܿĹ

˿ͬʽڶԷ²һǶȻһƬȻǲܿġ
һĻȴ˿⣬ǧԴͷ趯ĵܴﵽ¡Ȼʱֵȼ൱ǶԵ˭ܳԽȻĵȥԸⲻʲô
ıǾǻ似ĵⶼȻǣǶǵľܱȵԴһʼھԵ·ˡ
趯ϵĳҡҡͷ̾һʼͰˣܰǧʩչ£ɡ
ٴαΣЩѪģʹޱȣͷҪϡ
ʹֱֱĶǰסĸ似ҲˣǾŵǬ似ǧġҪӶԿףǲʵֵġ
ҪǱˣ¾ֻеˣϾӵĲǲɿԽġ㲻ͬԼĵԼͨ
뵽⣬㲻ڽκε似ȭͷ趯֮ȭݺݵĺȥ£Ĵϯȥݻ塣
ĵǻģ֮һж
䡭̺֮ײһܺ飬µĳǳؽĥ𣬲񷱻ķ顣
ͬ㾡ҲɳȥѪԶ֮ǰ
뵽⣬趯֮ԸֶΣɨϯȥһ𵴶ϯء֮ҲֶͬζԿ㣬߽ޱȡ
ѵĵֵ˴ιޱȣղþıըѿ޾ϢϵɨѶԷ顣
Ȼ·磬ǽĴ֮ǰܿסԷÿһνܸоĴ˼֣ԼԴҲ񼸷֣ϵߵľ롣
Ȼϱҷɳȥֽϵ趯һɹɨأ趯ž첻֣屻Ѫ顣
ۣҧ趯ΪֱӼ򵥵ķʽȫûʽƴľ˫ĵ
ܿͽִ򶷣趯֮䣬֮ǰʩչıǾӿ似Ҳ𵴶̺ޱȵĴ貣磬ž춯֮
ڶԷ趯似㱻ֱӺɳȥǿҲѷ죬ѪҺ͸ѪҺɽҲ̶á
ת޸Լ壬ʳֵҩɫ԰ס
ͶԷײܵסڶԷ似֮ͶԷμˣͶԷżľ롣
ɣǵЦŨңѾڵȴˡ
һδξҧ֣ԸֶεסĹȴǱĽڽںˣԷĴ趯似ܰ似£ԶԶʩչ似Ҫǿ
ĿֲĴѹ£ûʲôܺ俹⡣
䡭
һ£ٴαɳȥɹѪҺޱȣЩ˶ٿȥ
Ϊ˲ɣҧȵΪ𲻶ǧе似û似ɣ
һ仰ò˶Ŀ㣬ѵбֶΡѵֻǵԼ߳ģܽԼĵӵԼ似
˵עУֱ趯ʱ۴۳ɾ޴УӰ¶ɹɻֲ
࣡
ҧеĵ۹âɣһҪգǰ۳ɵ࣬趯ıͨ
һĻò˵Բ˫ۣһȻĿ㣬дŲ֮ɫ⡭⡭Ǳͨ찡֮ǰͳɵˣ֮ɵˣȻɹˣ
˷·һ۾ҪɳȥˣаҲš
趯ͬʱҲ趯ֵۣ趯֮仯һ貣ǰ
ͨ˵ͨȻʩչ˵ͨԿ㣡˿貾Ŀ⾪
Ϲ޽ȵһλͨͨû뵽Ȼʩչ
ڶԷʩչͨûʲô⣬ԷΪֻҪгֵͨǵĵӡ棬ǵͨȻȻ֮ǰԼʩչ˱ǾϾʩչ
ֱֱĺͶԷ𽻻ȥ
˶ĿתĿν棬νֵشȻģǴ˿ʩչͨ͵ǻΪʱڵʱ
ͨʱڿ϶Ҳֲ޵еĴڣ˿ȴҪѹ޴ġ
˿ܻ˶֣ͨҲܳ֡ȵֽͨģҪǳ֣˵ҪЩͨÿһ֣
뵽⣬̲סһԿһֲˣǵֶ㶼ҪԿһ顣
Ǻεȵգ̲ס룬ҵطҲûҺõطҪұͨδֵĵطҪ׵ࡣ
ͨ𽻻һ𣬿ֲĳ˵߶ס𵴶ͬʱҲɨɳȥ
ɨɳȥ岢ûֹͣһͨʩչϹʱһλͨͨ
찡㵱Ҫȳֵͨһ顣鰡Ȼʱڣ൱վ޵еĴڣһҲͰˣȴҪÿ˵ֶνһΡ
˲޿ɱĿ㣬аͬ㣡
ȴһԭ㶯ñͨɴ˿㻹εֵ·һѣ


1075 ͨ
࣡ĵӿգնϢɫӿɫľƱֲƣأرը趯ͨײһ𣬱ĴĿâըҪֲ֡
㱻ϯͨʱͨȷʵʩչģʩչܰͨΪ㾡ҲǱͨȴɱɳȥ֮һĲ࣬ڴú֮ϡ
һٴ趯ͨɨ˹ȥ
ǿֲģٴαֱͨɨȥըأɨҪĥ
˿ŵľ趯ͨŵʱڵͨһ֮սͨļϡֵܼס
¡
ٴһ죬㱻ɳȥֲڣϯؼ䣬һжշѹɷĩ㱻ɳȥѪⱻҵģҲܵˡ
ǼΪҵģа㳹ĥ˼ҪٵһУƿ֮С
ѪģܵشͷϣѪɽȥĿģðź⡣趯ִУ֮壬Ȼͨ࣬࣡
֮䣬ĵ͸֮У㱻ʼϵĹͷ³ɾ͵ҫԡӿ뵽УشȻӿֳ޸㱻شȻ˲޸⿴ʧѡ
Ȼͨ˾þ治ѣ͵Ŀ㣬𺳡ոĴ˺أڶԷͨʩչ£Ȼõ߰˰ˣ̫˼ˡ
趯ĵ͸У飬Ѫٴλָ塣ָٴ趯ȥͨʩչءֵزȫͨĶԻˡµĳǳرһƬƬĺҪǳ¶Ҫһǳش붼ſ¡
ٴαɨɳȥԷܱͨĲΣȴ覴ãͨʩչʩչĲΡﵽֲεĽ棬ֻҪһ覴þܱԷ
屻ѣͷ֮ӿɹѪҺٴαɹشش£ٴӿ֣ϣ飬
ǲ˼飬Ȼͨƶ˲ָѹָҽа֮ˣͨ˭ʤ˭ܻһˡ
ҲüĿһĻ̫ˣطû˵ȴǰˣش˲ָսεȾˡ
ȥԵ಻϶ԵУÿζشѪģѪɣɽ࣬ĳȥ
㵱ɵ˱ͨͨ࣬еǽǧ似Ȼ֮۶ͨȷʵżȻõģĻ۶ɵģȻ֮
Уǰ඼ĪɱһһֲΨȴûһ˿ɱȫ˵ҽͨ
ûɱ˻ָЧȴ˵𺳳ǰࡣЧ̫ˣط־ҪҪͬӣ˭ܺȳ־
󼸺뵽ˣҪɾӣԼҪͷޱȣˣ˼˲ͻָ⻹ô
䡭䡭
˵УȴҪƵĲϵ壬ͨϵ趯һ趯֮䣬߲Ͻ档սֵزѾޱˡ
ÿλɨɳȥԽսԽ£ÿνһΣıͨ;һ֣һ֣ͨϵԽԽ
ĴߵĽս֮Уӡ֤ĴԽԽ㾡ܱϻɣɫ԰ףȴƽ
岻Ͻ棬ԽսԽңͨϣҲԼֵͨ㲻ѪѪͬʱԽսԽ£ɵĴԽԽ٣ʱԽԽá
սֻӰ趯ÿһ趯ʯ쾪ǳأ˶ա
ͣѾܺ彻ּҵ㣬ޱȡеĥûзΪĴĲӼںһ磬ԽսԽ¡
սȻ൱趯ͨ岻ϵĺˡ
սֲңѾ˷ϵɨͨ趯ҲңҺڲӼ޾֧ʩչͨҪȻˡ
һ𵴶ͨԸֶ𵴣зڲϢԲֶͬζԿ塣
˿˼𺳵һĻĻܳ׵ĿסĹĻҡص۵屻ĵѡ屻Ѻ۱鲼
ۺ飬֮䣬شҲָ
ܶޱȣȴ˭Ҳĥ˭սҡػΣɨֲսನϯͬһܵһжķ顣
սֵزѾʧˣ˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬оɡ
Ȼ㻹δɹ˭ܺսֵزʱǺ֮ġ
֮ϣкȻޱȣɫۣǰһĻĻ̫ˣֱ󲻵Ȼܺ棬һ漣
Ĳңǲǵıѣҧݣܱĥ
Ȼʱֵܵǵ۶ɵģ˲ָȻͨط˲ָĲһ˿Ӱ졣
ѪҺͲ䲻սȥҪĥ㡣
ɲϵ趯֮ͨ䣬ٴӿѺۣͬͷҲϵ۶ɡȻѾҪ׵ĽӼˡ
䡭䡭
һ֮䣬ȫһ𡣿ֲ𶯣ܵŤ
սֵزҲˣ˲Լ״ʹɫ԰ףҪȥ޷ĥ壬ֲ̫Լܴ˲ָ֮ܽȥĥֻԼ
ѵ治𣿡ҧ趯֮䲻ϳȥ
巴Ѫ˿൱ǶԷûһжܽػָ·ˡʱѾ֪˶ٿѪˡʹ֧ţͬЩֲˡ
ٴαĵ˵ʱҧ׼սʱȻʼɢ
ɢ壬Ȼվ壬ɴ۾ĿһĻʲô˼ͨĿܣ߳Լĵꣿ


1076 Ϲŵ壿
²ʧ㵲סصĿܡ
㿴һĻҲͬЩʧ񣬵ܿͷӦصĿҲʱƵģԼôõʱ䣬ؿʱҲˣɢ
ҪȻ˭߳ҵĵҪһֱսȥǿҲܱĥʱ˶ȡһ˿
ЩңҺԼ࣬ҪȻͱĥˡ
סصĿܣҲ׵뵽֮У㾫϶Ϊһ˵ƣ𵴶ܰﶼѹƵģһԸӵĵزоһʵķԾһ㵲ͻƵĤ˲䱻ͻƣһµأеһжڲͬ
Ӳ𣿡оԼֻǶĿĴ񾫴࣬һжõ˷츲صָо쳣泩ҲЩ
Ҳ㶵Ŀ㣬޷ֵܵסĥ߳ԼĵҵõΪӼ뵽һ·ľգЩ˾̲סꡣ
˭Ӽû˵Ĳɣһ·ղ֪١ÿһεնǱ˲ֵܵġȴһ·һжܵסˡ
˿¶η֮ɫ֮⡣겻һĵܿĳԼһ·ߵֲεġתҲûнȴһ·ӣⲻ漣ʲô
˲ŰߵΨ֮ȻܳɹĲӼԸոյսӼҲһǿĴڣһӲ֡
˵ľ̾ɫȴѿ㣬㲽ӼԺҪɱˡѾվ˺Լͬȵĸ߶ȣҸոŶԿʱ򣬱սļµĸо
䡭䡭е׵籩ѣ޴Ŀ⿴㣬¶˼ϣɾûǾӾܵס׽
ӵһǼأһԭֻҪоͿˡҪߺز֮ĳ֮ĥɱ
߳ˣⲻҪҪĵڶҲĵڶѡǾӳĿ顣ŭ½ӹҪ߳һδܵסĿ飬ֻͬĥһ·ߡ
ʱ԰׵΢΢ķ֮ŭֲͬĥӵġոյֵ岻֪Ѫ٣岻֪˶ٴΣȻָ϶Ҳ϶ȫȫָ
Ȼˣס֮ŭ
߳һΣҪһвϷ׵硣ȴ֮ŭȡ
֮ŭͬ췣ȴ췣ʽֶ֣ͬǣ׵Ϊ񱩰Ե׵ĥӡ
һ׵зֲϢһ׵ͬзϢ˿ĴĿġ
䡭䡭
һ𵴵׵ò˿㣬ԭΪ̤һ𺳵͵ǶĿ⿴𵴶ľ׵磬̲סܲܵסһ
׵£һ־ʮ׵磬ʮ׵һ𣬻ۣ۳ɷ׭ױȵĿƣѹȥ
ʮ׵绯׭ֲ󿴵ɫˣԼȥֵҲֵסĹ֮ŭδֲ̫ˣ뵽ӽ٣Ȼֲͬȴ⻹Ҫһ
ӽٻǲɱ⻹еֵͨԵʣҪͨµֶΣѾˡ
ӽپȻҪǿһֵܵסûͨµֶεֵոմսѪܵ𺦡
󼸺Ѿ㱻ɱģΣͻ߲յ㣡ǿϧˣģӻúġ
㲻֪ʲôµ׵׭ЦϹĺãøһ壬оȴҲЧֶΣðһѡ
ĻСķˣ׵¾Ȼ˵Ļ
ǺܿŴ۾ʧĿ㣬֮ʮ׵ϣȻûаɡ
׵ϣȵվԭأ޾Ľ׵紩壬׵紩֮䲢ûдݻ塣ǲŵȻڷЩ׵磬Щ׵֮ʵڻ
ģôܣӷ緶Ȼ޴棬ɴ۾㣬ɫѾŤˡ
׵绯һķ׭ϹϹһ׵ɽȥǿڲϵӡȻ֮ǰﵽӣǿȴһĲΡ
޾׵£ǿǿһԸӵĵزķܲƣϵû֮УϿʼ۳һ׭
׵ԽԽֲķ׭ҲԽԽǿ󣬲շѹ£񱩵ĳȻܽɣȴҪĪʹࡣֻոʹ඼׵ʹȻϡ
ֲӶͷƤ׵ȴܺһǱϵĴ塣һо˼顣
û˵˭׵ģǰȴЩ
Ĳ˼飬׻ܴʲô𺳡˿㣬ٴϿ漣
ǵԸܿ͵õʵֻ֣ϵķĲ֣޾ĵ𵴣Ļ׭ϵ뵽Уһ׭£ǿȸҵ
ķ׭ϵĻϣܼ˲šķ׭Ѿǵ
ǺֹҪϹ𣿲Ϲ壬Ҳ˶׭鲼ȫɡ
̲סĿ壬̲ס
Ҳͬü۵ķ׭ѾԼǿѾǿˣҲֻϹǣǿȾȻϹ廹Ҫǿʲôʣ
´ǿȷʵѾӼϹ塣뵽һֿܣֿʧ񾪺ڡ
Ϲ֮Ϲŵ塣
Լˣεȿֲ֮ҲͻǼλŽҴɹҲǴ½ΪĴڡߺλͬһ磬ȴ֮ܲ£в޵ԵʡʱȴҲϹŵ壬β𾪡С̫̫ˡ


1077 ʮһ
޾׵£ǻ׭ڣױŸֿ񱩵ɱУһжδκε㣬Ǳ׵֮壬ǿȴһԸӵĵزδ޷һ˿һǿˡ㲻ò
ȴ֪ʱǿȸ˶𺳣һĶаͬþòƽ
׵Ű˺ܾã׵İ㾡˲ٻȴĳǵصڿʼɢͬʱǹɹ𵴵׵Ҳɢԭϵڿʼָƽ
һж䶨ʱķĺ͵Ҳȫ뵽УϢʼȶ
ӣɣ
ĺУһзĶ뵽УеһԶҲûһ˿ɢ̥һ㡣֮ǰȼյͷȻıƬ̾ͳɳ䣬һڳɳͬģļҲ˰ࡣ
һնԼͷնһΣɢ˳΢裬ѡ
˿յ㣬Ȼʱͬһͨˣ˭֪һֶһǿǰԱɵ㶦
ĿɨˣȻû⣬Ǻܶ˶ĵͷ۾
ЩɨĿͣϣɫ
ĿɫҲЩѿ֮ǰɱʱȴɳͬȴ߶ȣкǲ泩
ﵽӼҫɣ㶢ӣ̲סһȵɾӣҲڱǰҫȣֻѡ
㿴ŶԷЦǲ֪ǵ֮ǰҪɱҡʱֻҪҪһѡ
һ仰ò˰զ࣬ոմﵽӾͿʼҪ˵ˡҪһˣ֮սпͷ
ʱͻȻ߳һӰ̤͵м䡣
ˣֵӰ˲ɴ㵡֮ǰûг֣ûг֣ȴû뵽ʱˡ
ʮһǳͽжʮһҲһպĻ֮ľǿߣͳʮһǲ֪ˣ˸ڶʮһﵽ֮ÿһֲȻǱʵȴǱȲ˻֮
Ի֮ҲӡȻ֮ȻʵϳԽӣȴǰдȻսǣǱ˵ĳɾͨ
ʮһոڳǳж䣬һ˻ٻ˳ǳؽѾȵĹأӦʲô𣿡ЦſŶʮһ˵
Ļ㶣û뵽ԷȻܵһҡǳϣҪ˵ҲȶǰƵԼˡ
·ģû˭ܻȹءʮһЦЦĿ⿴㡣㵭ȻģҲ̲ס̾
ڳǳУڷһжȻҲ㲽Ӽ뵽ǳ棬̲ס𺳣ֶκҪѡĻͲԸվ
ӵĽվģκһù
ȴòվڵĳǳڵӪ֮ǰʰʱܵûǼҪʰȴҪˡ
νɡʮһ˵˭ȵĹضҪܵȵС
ʮһĻЦôۻҲĳԷվһġҪԸԼֻһڶѡ
Ҫң㶢ŶʮһЦҪԸֱ˵ǣҪҸֽڡϻȹأҪ˵Ҳվߵһλ㲻ȻңΪҺ۸ɣ
ʮһûĻһ˵ڤ粻飬ҪԼɾӾϵΨҶӶѣ޵Уϻкܶǿˡ
Ҳ㡣㶢ŶԷЦ
ڤ粻飡ȻˣǱֻаˡʮһһ׼֡
㿴һۣȻ˵㵹Ǻô㡣ǾÿЦӾȻҺһսҪҰ֣⴫ȥΪӵ涼Ҫһɶɡ
Ļƻصĳͷͱ޹أӻ㣬Ҫս㲢ڻ¡
ĻЦЦһ˵ҲգռȻûкͱֵ˼Ǿս
˵̤꣬Զ
Ҫ뿪ʮһץ˹ȥ
Ҫߣ㻹ס˵ʱͻȻһ޴շѹ£޴ƴױȵĿֲ֮Ŷʮһѹ¡
࣡
ʮһû뵽Է˲ܱĴУЩɫ䣬ȻĽ¡ǲִ֮µĻҪԿ
ʮһܿڳǳأʱһ޴İӡ֣صףǳضҡһ
ŵסĻᣬӰʧ֮УӣҪɱҾԶ֣ʲô
𵴶Ӱȴʧ޵ֱҧ̲ס˶ʮһһۡ
ʮһ󿴹ĵҲЩ顣ȻδͷǲϾҲһӡʩչֵʱ˳ƾ͵˻뿪Ļᡣ
һֲ̫Ҷܱ֤ȫˡʮһһ䡣
˵ͷҲ֪ŲţʧķɫѿǾ޴İӡͬɫءһƵ̫ˣʩչĵҪǿĶࡣһڶԷʱûʩչҲ˵֮ǰб
̫ˣһš¶˾ġ
ûϵ˾ˣƻ˹ǲʵϣ¾άǳصĹء˵
ĻʮһɫЩÿˣԷǱԼԸ㡣ʮһˣվ˼ɶԷ֮ʵ˵Ȼȹص£ҲάҲͳһ׷ɱ
ãʮһ˵ת뿪֪ܲòӦ
ŶʮһЩ뿪⣬ֻҪԷܰķԸĶ޹ؽҪˡ
ҪɱʱȴӰԶĵطˡɾӵʱѪյȻЧˣشҲʵ
˿̵޷ﵽ۷ʱڣѪĲʵۿˡԷһӣһ֮κһҪͷ֣£ȻĺͶԷƴһû塣
ǣⲻһĻֻҪľȹӾ磬ͬʱԼ۷塣


1078 
ٳһӵϢȣӴʲôǺһţҲ۶ʱ㶦һУһ㡣
ر㲽ӵľ𺳴͡
֮ڵߣ𺳵Ļʥӣܴԭ벽ӣһĸ˲Զϲˣȴ֮ǰȴﵽӡرΨĺϢɫ࣬־Ȼ
Ȼ㲽Ϣ𺳵ͬʱһϢĪ𺳣ȻȵĹأ˶ʮһȴƬڳǳж䡣
Ϣò˾̾ŲһŸոմﵽӣʹĴʮһȵĹأҪΪ𣿡
˾̾󵨵ʱһϢȻȫµѰͷˣͬʱʮһȳҲŴǰȥѰ㣬Ҫ鷳
Ϣļ¡ȵҪ
Ͼողӣȣĵ̣ܴĸ涼ֺáԷϻ֮ͬʱ鷳˵һ޴ս
ʮһڱ·µѰͷ飬вҳͲݵ˼
Ⱥ֮ҪҳҲѡʹȵĵͷͬûܾ㡣
ңڵҲҪ˸ҳ֮е˭ӶҪŭϯŭò˵ľ
ıŭ£Ȼ˿ʼҪͷڳ
̬զ಻ѣͷ˾ܵһʱҲܲһĬĬȴ̬ķչڴӵĽ档
ɽһʯɽ塣ɽȻʢʯֿȴǺ󣬶Դһµ˻ãǶʵﵽ֮ϵȴûһ˿á
˿ƽʽɽ壬ȻһǿﵽһȺʵǿޱȣÿһ϶ŵӿƺƵŶʮ֮࣬Ϊ׵ĸ۾ͷ⿴ʧȻ
ӵĲˣӰеĲڶóˣӵ£ǵ۾ͷǰ䣬ӵеôֲˡ
ǰȾӪô꣬߻۵ǿߺ֮ࡣ͵ǰһˣԶԶһĹ塣ֻĲһֶѡ
ӶĵʵҪղӵˡ
Ҳ˵ˣλصӣֻӱϾ֮ˣʮһǰȫתƵ½ˡ
˿ƺƵǿۣ¶η֮ɫһηһ·
Ϊ׵۾ͬХһɨɽɽѰһ飬ǰУԵ
˶Ϊ֮ãܿâó˴·һ˶һҲȻܣһжһӰơ
ƺƵƵĲǰе·һӰסӰǿ׳ȴ£ɵɽ֮ϣ罣Ĺâֱһڡ
һ֧ҲͣǰеĲŭȱǰӰ˭ҵҵ֮·
һ۾˵֮䣬ķ𵴶ſֲڵշѹŤľɫ԰ס
վǰ꣬ȴûпƵģֱֱվ𵴵ϾȻûһ˿һĻ˿ĵԲ۾
һҲ壬Ϊ׵۾ͷļµĿ㣬й˼治ɫĴڣһǿеǿߡ
˭˿ǰסݵ壬ܲ²⵽Էݣɻ̲סٴһ䡣
ǲұ𣿴ʱͲϵñˣ㿴ŶԷ˵鵭ȻֱֱվǰժͷĶң¶Ƿ
㣡۾õȷϣڣ˷벻㻹ҳ֡Ȼˣɡ
Ҳʧע꣬û뵽ķзӡû뵽Ȼվѵ֪ԷѾʼѰҪɱ
ʱӦñâΪʲôվԶԷڡ
֪ͨӵ£֪ҵѾҵˡ۾ۿ㣬㡣
ȴеһƬŹɹɵĵɢȥȻǸӴϢ
㿴ŶԷЩûֹڶԷ֮󵭵˵Ϣ˰ɣֵֻһϢˣǹƨ֪ҲǺǵġ
󵨣ӵҲģڴˡΪ׵Ĳںȵŭ㡣
Ļզ࣬ǹŵġʱ򻹸ǰϢȥո˵
ۿŶԷ˵ûǾͶˡ
˵֮䣬Ȼһץ˹ȥһͷˣ͵ı󷨣Ҫ㡣
Ȼ֪ӵĿֲԲʤ㡣һҲߣټһֱ򲻹֮סһ󻹲ġ
ֻҪסһ󣬵Ӵ󲿶Ӹл·
Сٶȣ󷨻δȫ֮ǰ͵ץһߡҲߣһʵ𾳵ĴǱץסĻᶼûУѲһץ

ĲҽУĵڣ屬ѿ׵Ļĵۻδ֮ǰȻǿֹ
͡
ɽ߿ǰ߸ϵĴǿ߾Ȼͬһ飬̲ס
ǣ𺳻δ꣬ٴɨ˳ȥŻĿ𵴶һɫ䡣
󣡡
Щ˱󷨣Χλãϵʮ΢ǵĵתʮ졣趯Ҳʮ־ˣļ²ѡ
һʩչ֮һ֪ӵĿֲҪпܵĻǲԸӽ档ɴ˿·ˣֻܾסƬˣӵ¸Ȼˡ
㿴ŶԷȴЦһһסӣҪܵסһ̣Ӿ͵Σ
СǵҪһڰȫɱˡ۾ŭˣԷһӾͰȫˣδ̫Ƿɡ
Ҳ˵Ȼһ۾֣Ȼ㲻ţӾ㿴ȥ㹷
ԵĻò˿㣬Ȼ֪ǿһһ֮ɱһڣδ̫дˡӣӪҲ˰


1079 ɱ
ǶҪ
Įɭ䣬趯ҡΣŤԵֲϯѹȶ£տݡһ۾ץ˹ȥ
ȵԺ㹥ĵ۾ǿҲȻ趯ǣŴ֮򱩶ķ֮С
ֲİԵ뵲ס㡣ȴЦһɭ⣬͵ץ˹ȥֽͬһץ˹ȥ
ʥӣδ̫Сˡ
˵֮䣬ץڴһһץ֮ͻȻһ飬Ӱ֮⡣ڴ֮Ȼĳһ۾˹ȥ
һҲû뵽ôͱƿͬšرһ۾ǿ߿ץɫ䡣ķ£ڵĵ˺أ֮Ĺγɣ뵲ס㡣
ս򲻳ɣЦŵĹȻأֱֱץ˹ȥȵͷ֮ײһ𣬶Է֮۵Ȼ׵ĸ˺ѣֲޱߵĻŵ۾˹ȥǿĺ
һλ۾ͷȻɫޱȡķ֮عȻֽͬһˡܵˡ
ǲܲܽܣȶϢɨ£İѶԷס
Է趯ƴܵסͬХס֮շѹ֮Сǿޱȣˡ
һ⣬⻯ֱԷԺȥȻŻֱƿԷԺ뵽Էʶ֮У˶Էꡣ
һ۾ǿߣڷ
͡
ֻоԼӿ亹ֲ̫ˡֱǵһ۾Ȼһغ϶ֲˣһֺεȵս
һֱ֪ӺֲܿǿֲֵزѾ˵ˡ۾ǺεнߣһľͷһЩĹ壬һλͷ򡣶ƾһλͷǧ꣬ò
ӵ¾Ȼһغ϶ֲˣδ̫ľˡ
˶㣬ηһȴɫҰףСֶû뵽ģѾȫǵԤϣǸôꡣҲʶ֣ȴδ˰Եֱӣ
ɱ˶Էһ۾û̫һ£ְһߵ۾ʬӰ̤ң趯߶ȥձڵͬɽӱ¡¡ͬ󽭳ϯա
ǰЩΪս̫Ѫ塣һֱδ֣û뵽һ֣ҪɱܵˣȻԷҪǾʰ
֮ʵѾɳһֲֿĳ̶ˡǱģرѾԼӼĶ壬ɵǿֲ
ƽҪԿһ۾ҪʲôԸһ۾͸ˡ
ﵽӼѾܰˣȻܼءһĹ֮κεӣԵ۾ڱķ򣬶˵ȴûһáοתضɾ͵ӣصķ֮Ƕ̫ˡ
ÿһǷǷܰһּµĳ̶ȡʱҲȵԸӵĵزÿһӵ۾Ҫ
Ȼδ۾սѾԽ˵۾ȻҪӲ۾ɾ͵۾ӣǻӵĿֲΣǵ۾оͬˡ
۾ӵֹԽͨӵʮʱ澳ӣҲҪͨ۾ֹǿֲ۾ʱʲô
һж֮Уڱ˿֮ˡ
趯ϵıϢһϣֵĻᶼûУ㳹׵ĺɱѪƮգ֫ϱܣɽ֮϶ʱһɱ¾
ȼվѪסСӡµ۾ҲȻһ˳󺰵
˲ִٵתٴζԿ㣬һһɹһɹĹһߣ߱ѣѪɢա
սڴ˿չ¶ţӪоȻһ֮ڣȫɱ
ĽȴȻԷȻӪֲҪܰĳһĻ¡ôܰǵ׻һ𣬲ܻһȫһȺͷͻɱ
һҲɱĺѡԱǴ澳ԱʲôãԱ𵴶ӡɲϵɱЩˡ
̶ʱ䣬һʮˣܿͱɱ˴롣
ɱʱЩ͵ˣûĺսȴòӰӡڿʼˣһ۾ӰԶߡ
Ҫܣδ̫ԼˡЦһң̤֮һۼӿ֣ÿһ̤̤Զľ룬ܿ׷𵽶ԷһŶԷĺ󱲺˹ȥ
Է󺧣һӭȥҪס㡣
ƸոսӴĵ֮ƾͱѿڷ궼ķ顣ĵȰԵһԸӵĵز
ϧˣ۾ʬǺö۳һ󡣡㿴ŶԷѵ壬̲ס̾ϢһܿͰĿתƵһ۾ϣӰ׷ϣʹԷ˺ѿռҪӿռߣһ˹ȥİѶԷӿռк˳
һѪҺҧȼվѪҪٴӴܡ
ٶȱĶ࣬ܿ͵ǰ档һָ˳ȥ˶Էķָ֮ڶԷԺУӿĻϢԺУԷ걻ɱڷ
Ҫ˺ҳ֣ܼ־һЩӣֻĸ졣
һʬջأָһ⣬澳ߡЩ㿴ϣһ屬ѿڷ
̶һӲ۾ŵĲھͳ׵䣬һû£µֻһƬѪȵľ
һУĿɨɽߣ֮һĺͷ󣡱ӻɱȨǱӾȰĲڸɱ⡣
˵ʱӰҲûʧ
˿뿪һʧעӵϵѪȣðź⣬жӵķ緶һŵ˽⡣رһ仰˵ҶҪơ
ȲˣɽаҪֵʯ쾪ˡ


1080 ϳ
ϵɽʱѾ뿪һʱˡϵصѪҺǽһƬɽһھڷɫ࣬ضȾϢһϢĸоѹֶ˸оͷѹһɽ
ңż˱߱ԵһѹֳûмֶãһĻӿֳɱҲڣҪ㡣
ɭҡΣѣѹֵĳ͵ıƵģͬըҩȼ˭ܸоŭ۵¡
ȥÿһڴ͸һʥʥʥһҪ֮Сŭŭ춯أŲ뿪ķ׷ȥ

ɱһŭϢܿ촫ķһ̾ѣͬʱ˶оȴһѹֵСȲϵǲ׳󣬷Ѱ㣬Ҫɱ㡣
˼ҪϢǶ֪ɽ¥ˡ˶ӵĽ棬ı굽
һЩΪ˶פ㣬ȴ̬Ľһչ
Ǻ͸ˣһῴǸʥӣһɱڵˡ۾ʮ߰ǿߵҲ۰ɡѾȴɱһʣˡ
Ȼɽˣ߸ƣǿһȶǿ֡
Ӷսδ飬ǵ㵽Ϊֹɱڣǽ𣡡
۷׷סȶڵǣӵӰ̫޴ˣûʲôӽ滹ˡ

ǲŴ׷ɱ㣬˿ȴٴεǹƥӭһ֧ڡ㿴죬̤նĲڣʲôû˵ֱӼŶԷɱ˹ȥ
սʮ㣬Ż޵еƣ𵴶Ҫһжݻ٣һϵıеߡ
һҲû뵽ͻȻɱִ֮䱻ɱһƬŷӦȻŭһ۾ֳʥ󺰵ʥ󣬽ӣҪ
Цң趯ӿһɹɵۣŶԷЦҪ벼ʥ󣬻ҪʱӴӦӦ
һڲɱһЩȻ£ǶԷʥĻԸҲЩ鷳ʱ֡ɱ˶ԷĹӣٿǺ֡õʱֵʱĹǰϱĿŶġ
ңεٶȣ㲼´Ȼ᲻ɡɱ¾£һƬٴλ֫ϱۣѪȷ絽Х
۾ȻֳʥֲȴңαܿԷʥͨԿɱԷʥУڷ
Щ˸һ֮ڣ̶ʱͰǽһӣһڱɱĸɾֻߵ۾ʬߡ
ȻϹʱѾûӰӣڵϵһ仰ףŭҪʬ㡣

ٴһڱɱϢ˻ȻһʵͬʱҲ֪ס
Ȼһ仰Ҳ˴˳ҪɱӣȰĹȫˡ
һ仰˾ۣǸʲôҪɱȫ𣿰Щ۶ɱȱ£
۷׷׺;֮УһϢĵҲɱͬһһĲûеס㣬ǱһӲɱϹȥʱѾټˡ
ϢٴλȻ඼Ҫˡ
ɱӵڣҪͱ첻ɣ
ڰӽһʵɡ
ѲҪвڲɣ

۲ϣҲʹﵽ˼ޣϱŭͬģڣޱȡٴζڳ֣һûаĲڷֿµĲڶ£һ
ڶȻ޷ѰˣŲƵһƬɽӪӪ֮ӰȻɽ֮ϣĿ⸩أڵƺޱĶֲ𵴶֮䣬趯ֲ֮ҡػΣͬһ㣬޵еľơ
㣡Ҫе͹ͱһս
ŭ𵴶ӿըѵɽƱ¶šϵıļԶ
˿Ӷս飬Ѫȣ˵ĿⶼеƬɽȴ㡣Ҫ֪Ҳҳ
㣡ΪӲӦսӷ緶𣿡
ʣŭأϵӿ˺Ȼѡ
˶ţӵʺս϶ܴĶֻҪ֪ǣҲ
˶²⣬в²ģв²ģĲ˵
ȻȵĹضƣʲôġ
ǰӦûӶ˵Ļˣѵͷڹ겻ɡ
̶ѨǺģ㲻󡣵ƺƵĲҲǺ۸ġ
ɱڣ¾Ϊսʱڶ֣Щ˻һʵҲСӰҪ۳ʥ󣬲ǲսӡ
ŰɣȻܷ

սȻõϢ㲢ûǰȥ˵ûа̫һ£ԼȥȥˡԽǽлףԼԽȥŭΣ߻ħ
ο㻹Ҫһ顣ɱ˶Էڣоûʲô˼ˡȻˣǾһġ
ʱȴӰźϼɽ
ϼɽʱǰʱڣ㿴˳ѪһϼɽߣȻȥͬɽѪϼΧʮ׳Ŀ
ǻҵط㿴ϼɽЦطϳһģڻǸӡֻΪӵҲһɽšǰϼɽɽš
ɽţЦһ㲻ǽ𣿱ɽš㻹𣿡
̤źϼɽȥֹļҶùƷùȥ˭ĳ˭ľ͸˭ҾͲŶĲ㡣
뵽⣬Ҳ¶˼аЦ벻֪һﴩڿʲôģⶫҪ绨Ů˸ղأǺһ顣
뵽⣬㲻ٶȿ˼֡㿴ɽţȻɱʮ㣬ȴҲ˼־ǶԷɽţСʻ괬Էܴ뿪˭֪ûǿߡ
վסӺϼɽ
ոյɽ£һ߶ŭ
㿴ҲԷһۣһָ˳ȥԷ˲䱬ѿҲЦλˡӭ𣿡


1081 
ߣǽаҪɱв𣿿ӵսΪʲôûõĶ
ӽ𣬲Ҫ˵Լˣ˵Լǹܰɣ
Ժӵ£ԶԶܿβɣ
һȡСѣȻӽ棬Ƕ档
ڵȴòĲڿʼƿڴ𵴶γڣ̲סҡͷͬʱĵֻ
ѵﶼܲӲɡ
ˣӱϾӣһӣҲ
ǵҲǣҲǴˣ˾ȥ޻ˡ
һôǿƣؼʱˣǶΪһֱȥԭҲˡ
ǰϲӰɣҪȻҲ᲻
˵áУȴѾںϼɽɱˣɱ¾Ҳ˺ϼɽߣ澳
˭⼸˺ȳ⣬ǺܿͿɱǵĵӣһ㶣漴Ӧηͽϼ£
澳˵ʱҲȻ֣бŭΪɽţȻҲ˸¡
㿴ŶԷһ˳ȥɱķ飬Ѫɢ
һ⼸ֵĴɫ壬֪˿ֲʲôȴ֣ױȵ˲ǣӦûзӦͱɱ
һ·Уһ·ɱ¾Ѫ·;ĵӱһɱзһ֮ڡһɱɱϼɽѪζ
һɱ¾㶼δĸ֣̲סЦΪ׷ɱңȻԼϳǿ߶ߣҵġ
ͽס֣ɱ¾УͻȻһ
£һɾƱоƣֹ˵ҲûǿߣҪȻҾ㳭ϳĵҲ᲻ĵġ
ϯܿһվĶ棬ѹ㣬ޱȡ
һ۾ѣȻ߿һۣҲǰҫıǮ
˵֮䣬һֱȥһ㶯˾ŵǬռʮֲֿԷӿӭȥ˲ͻķ򣬰۾գ۾شӿ˹ɹѪҺ
ԷûбԼһɱ㵹̲סٴοһۣܿͲһȥԷͳܲס걻ɢڷ
͡
ϼɽ߼۾Ҳɱĸɴ࣬ǺȻޱȣһֲѣв˿ʼ
趯һ趯ֻɱһߣͬҲݻһϼĽݻٶԷɽš
ɱ¾ֱҵ˺ϼɽλãһ룬ӦþסĵطˡΪӣвٺö
뵽⣬趯ֱ⹬˹ȥʱ⹬ҵ˴롣ûʱȥңǾȰҿкöȻ¶
˭ӹ
һŭ𱩶һ㶼Ϊ֮𺳵ƴбƱ𺳲ѡ̲ס˺ովĵطһһƬݣռ䶼ϵѿ֮ࡣ
ÿֲɫأͲ²⵽滹ǿפءȻˣոһ۾ɱӦòǿߣҲߵı֤
˭߿Ŀǽ壬ɫŤ¶֮ɫ
ڱչأȴû뵽һһͿôһĻ뵽ӵ°Ѻϼиܣ˿̿ɽҵĲ࣬ɫ͸ΪŤˡ
㣡㵭˵
㣡ߵۿ㣬ǺȻ֮ɫҲû뵽ˡӴ˲ΪɱϼĲ𣿿Ϊʲô򵽺ϼɽˣѵӵҲκβԡ
Ȼ𾪣ȴѹ˵ɽţһҪӴûɱ㣬ɱ㣡
Цƾ㣿ЦҲϻһֱֱɨ㣬ֲȡ
ԷȻܣӿ֮ķ֮ͬˣǰκһ˶Ҫǿķ֮趯ʱع񣬱ױȴ㽻һ
ƿ۾ʱȴԷĥҲĵһ
ǿķ֮
Ĵ֮Ȼֲη巨֮ǶԷ֮ﵽһ֮ҲƲԷķ֮һֻǿһ
㲽֮Զ¡ԷǷŹһ֣͸оԼͶԷĲࡣ²⣬ԷӦôﵽ
ӼϾûдﵽӣȻ죬ս۾ҲޣսѾǼˡ˿Īѹ
Ӽ죬ƽ۾ôս۾ӼȴܿԽô༶
ãӦøմﵽûãҪȻԼԶԸʱȻֲǿֲĲۣԼѹҪ󽵡ҪȻսкܴѵġ
ϼɽҶˡ㿴ŶԷЦ֮ɫ
ǲ˵㣡ߺһ˵ݵλԶԶǴʱȴǴ澳Ȼ죬ҲĶ֣
Цһ֪ǣ
˵֮䣬ӡûɱվ㿪
㻰£ӡŵǬɣ
Ļ£ֲϯѶԷϯ֮С
ֲŶԷշѹȥ㲢ͶԷþôȥȸٹ̣ܿٵ˶Էɽţ¶Էа㲻ò˼Щ
һʼͶͨʱ˵ѾвˡԷֻմﵽѣаɱԷ
κε𣿡ЦǴŲм
˵֮䣬趯ŷҪŷ֮ƿ
ƿ֮Ӽ֣ߵĲࡣΪսپõġ
࣡
һ־ͨŶԷȥȶԵ˺أֲɨɫ˱䡣ȻҪǿӣҲСӡӵĿֲرӵֱͨ졣
ʱʩչͨȻʮ־ֵ
ͶԷķһ㲢ûռ̫Ϸ硣һû꣬ٴ趯ŷ
ֿݣԷûϵͨЩǱס֮Ѫͷ
ԷѪȣ趯࣬ͨϣϵĺԷҪͨĥԷԷǿǿڶԷδӦͨĻȻͷ֡
Σһɱ㡣
˼磬ĿԽⲻӺ͵۾Ĳ࣬ɱص۾׾٣ɱҪֶˣɱͼ̫ʵˡȴٵɱ˶Է


1082 Һϼɽ
㲽֮󣬶ͨʩչ˲٣ܰͨľ趯ﵽһͨԷƾ辳ֵ߽ܵͨԼʥҲܿס
ͨʩչģԵֵˣѪҧԸ뵲סͨ
̲סŭҪһʼռȻöԷһֲҲ䵽ֵزͨ趯£ֻܱĵֵһʵȴѹơ
Σɱ㡣㶢ŶԷǴɫٴ趯ķ˶Է֮ҲΪܲ˴򶷵顣
߼ƿдϲûѹƣҲǿϼ֡
ϲûгãɫ¶˺Ȼ֮ɫֻһ޴ƴ֮ƣĥ죬۹ĵͬ趯֮˺أһѹͬѹƵģ޾ĻǶ¡
࣡û֣ԼǿʽͨѾֲˣõɾӣͨȻȻҲ˶ܶԷ磬ӵĿֲɫ䡣ȫķ趯޴Ļ뵲סһ
ոձѪܵסǿһһ£ⱩԷݡȻĥĴͬһƻǺߵϡ

߲ҽһѿѷ졣ĴŻϢմȾϾſ񱩵Ļӿ壬ȻܱĥƵġ
߷תϢ벻ǣϢеҪֲģ֮شǿ壬Զһ
Էϵľ壬̲סЦԼתߵӵģԼĴ֮ȻֲմȾȻ
ⲻܣ趯ҽķҲܱϣǶԷ֮УҪѵ㣬в𲻰ݵơ
趯ͬʱٴһ¡شܵסһƺɳȥѪ꣬ڵϣҳһӡ
Уָ㶯ʤ׷趯֮䣬ڶԷϣԷҽһıǺöȻŹӡƿ֮УְʬҲͼ֮С
Ѿ۾ʬˣֻҪٽﵽһʱɵ۾ʬ󣬶ȻֲԼһ
ϼɽӿǳݾη϶ɱһﻹս˼ĿʼӴ
ǿǿӾǿɱϾδɣҪսѡȴǵԤϣϳֿʼͱԷһ浹ѹƣڷ
ȻȲϻ֮ǵպͬ˾η
ȵ۾٣ͻƵ۾һȴҪʮֹҲ˵ʮ֮жһͻһΡҪͻƵʮܱһ
֪ôֲϡˡϼɽһӣǰͶĴһĵ۾ǿȴֻһ⻹ӵͷԵʡ
ϼɽǶġǽȴ⣬ԷȻɱϡ

㿴ӵˣֱɱʵֲͬʱҲ͵İйķ顣
йеĶ֮Ҳ¶ʵУŲٺöҩ٣һЩĿʯҩ龧ɵй
һжɨԼͼ֮УԼһС硣ҪȻһռ䱦ĻҲװôණȴЩͲװռ֮УΨռ䣬ܰһжװȥ
һɨɾʱȴһŻƽľ޴ͷһСֱۻ裬У򿪷һƬƬҲʲôȴӡһ֡
ɷ裬йǣأŵϢ
öϲпĳⶫ϶쳣ļֵҪȻԷҲڷڴͷ
֮ܿҵһƤĹƾ
䡭
ֻоԼԺһ£˼Ŀеƣ⡭ȻͨߵĹƣ
Ӿͨĵͳ̳ˣڿˣ˷ܵץƣԼҪΣ
뵽⣬̲ס˷ֻΪʲôϣ˱ܷģ
֪ôģ֮лû˸ҳϼҡϾŴϼɽǿǰﲻѡ
ȻΪӣϾδɣҪǱ֪ϴı˵ˡԣŰĶй
뵽˴ΰĲȫǲȥϼɽ顣ֱɱԭͰһĺϼɽȻԷˣ˱ҲС
ڰѺϼɽĶɨһպٴδһӵƷ־֮󣬾ƮȻɽ

찡ʮǾȻӵ£֪ǲģ˭ô󵨣ӵ
һӡӵĵϢӵ¡
ܰɣʲôҲܱȡ

˷УһǳȴĸƷ·»豭׿㶼
ԭ˻˻뷨ǵ󽥽ˡΪÿһƷϣӡӵĵȻǺǿңǱϾƷմȾġ
˵˰ӵһ׿͸ʮȵĺڷʴˣڷʴ輢ʳ˵ÿ춼׿ţĿˮ
жʮĳǵǸҲһ׿㣬ǻɫģ벻ӻְãϲɫ׿㡣

۷׷ףÿǳǸŮˣȻһ׿ƷҶȷϣеĶġңҲעϼɽֺϼɽ淢˴䡣
찡ӵɽŸ˰ɡ
̫ˣĵ׿㶼óⲻǲʲô
˭ģ̫ˣҪͱƲɡ
ܿ˾ͿʼĲѯܿ͵õ˽ۣкȻ
㣡ǸղӼ㣡ȻǾ󣬶ǳûѶԷɽйˡ
ɽ㲻Ӧս˼ȴѾϳǳˡ
զ಻ѣľֶκͬʱ̲סηʵ֪ϼɽһʱ˸Ǿ座Ȼ
һжĿУ֪ܶǳĵŮ˶ֳһ׿ʱûסŭģһѪҺ³
㣡ҺƲ
޴ŭɽ޾ɡ


1083 
йңѪϢʱϯȣΪϢ𾪡رһʥӣզ಻ѡоǿƣжңʲôġ
ֻܶ˶ҲҡͷѣɱڣйƷӣȫӵˡӻ᲻ϧĴ
ĴΪ޴֮һҪǳԸĻֵܵסǿȵȻҪõ½ȥҲǺպһ塣
Ϊ۵ʱɽ֮еȴŭ𲻶ϣֽϡ
㣡Ҫһ͹ͱӾһսŭ֮䣬գеŭ·˶ܸоĵ
˼Ҳȫ⣬һ߸ϵȴԷ׿㶼͸һĵŮˣĸһܽܡ
Ϊӣܹ裡Ѿǲݵľˣ
ÿ𵴵ۣҡػΣˡÿ˶֪ŭѾˣԾ
Ľû֣ͬ⡣ѾݺݵĳˣΪʲôҪվ㽻֡ռˣûٰԼΣС
Կ󲻶ϵĽܶҡҡͷԼȥҡ˼վⲻǿЦ
㣡йվͱӾһս𣿡ŭӿ
ҡͷ̾ϢʱһȴˣȻȴ˵Բ˫ۣһĿԴֻ߳һӰӰǿ׳ȴߵļᶨ
ǲֻЩйһЩܶĵĶҪϴ裬ϵĻŪɾ֮ٳˡ
ȴÿ仰̼ɫ࣬һѪȣٴŭ˳
˿վ꣬ʧͣҡҡԴȷ˵̲֮סˣȻվѵ֪˼Ҿڵ𣿡
Ѿռôˣ˵ѾӮˡɾȻðôվ
޾Ѿŵֵز̫ˣ
վƬɽˣһ㶵ĿźЦգһ֮վǰ㡣
㻹㣬ŭ
ЦΪʲô㲻һֱлҪͱӾһս𣿼ȻִˣǱӾͳȫ㣬лű㡣
޲ðǰ٣Ǵ˿ȴҲֻѹеŭ𣬵ۿӴͷУˣ
ЦеĿŶԷ˵ֻУ㴲ͷЩ׿ʲôģˣȻһ㣬˻ϲԱһκˣǶˡ
ٴἰЩ׿㣬̿С̫ˣƿԷ˿һΡ
ȻĻɫǺ죬ϢٴβȻӰ켫ҧݣŬסһ˵ϼɽһǿߡȻ벿ڱӵߣ빥ºϼɽҲƾһ֮ġ˭㣿Ҫʮ塣
ʼһɽŶѣҪ˰æ𣿱־ˣʲôϣҲָɱˡ
ȻĻȻΪӣҪɽ̫ͬʵǿսҪɱԷȴοɽŻһ۾ӡǶһɲСû˰æĻǲ˵ġֻǴ澳ӣδﵽ۾
Ȼ㲻˵ӻĸ߱ӵġɭĿ㡣
νʼҪ֪ٵ׿㣬ҿԸġ
̲סһȥ˼˿λ
ȭͷˣɭޱȡ
ţЩ׿ȷʵҪȥɱǣٴἰ׿㡣
죡޿̣ŭʱ׿־ӿŭ
Ŷ׿ȷʵһã𵽱ãЩŮ˻ðɡĵͷ

Ȼһÿ仰׿㣬Ҫ̼Ϊֹ̫аˣ۸˵ģԷ˵ʲôܳ׿ȥҪ˼
ȻҲȥˣ趯ȭͷһȭ֮䣬ѴءֱֲҪҪɱ
㿴ŶԷ֣ЦһӵҲôԼ׼߶ǧٱģ벻ʮ鲻𣬶ԷѪˡ
ŭڣŭ֮䣬ֲ𵴶ĵɨ𵴵ɽѣر򴩡
㿴ŶԷһӰܿԷһһԭվλãﱻĳ׵ݡƱˣˡ
ôֻôһٶȣѵ㴩Ļ׿㲻ɣΪӣȰ㻹ǲҪ׿ɡվһԷ
ꡭ
̲ܶסЦһ̫ȱˡͲͣ߶׿һҪ˵ٱ飿Ҫϴ̼󲻳ɡ
У죬źɨϰ˻ĵƣ趯ӵչ¶ţ趯ղϵݵͬʱۻ˹ȥ
ӽվ͸㣬ӲƵģ
˵֮䣬ĵ۾ȥʮֲֿ
ţҲƣĵ׿ƣ㲻ٴἰ׿㡣룬ôҪ㡣㲻Ǹ߸𣿲ޱ𣿽ĵ׿㻵
Цһ׿㱻ЩŮֶĵ飬ʲôΰԡ
ŶԷ趯ҲżЦԷŭգ񶼲ȡ״̬κԼϣԼռơ
Ҳĵۣۻҫ۽⣬ŻɨֱӭԷ
޻εĶһ𣬿ֲᴩϵ£ɽݣһɽ屻ɣֲ˺Ȼ
𺳵ǣһ㵲סĵɳȥѪҺɫ԰˼֡
Ȳ㣿㶵Ŀò˼顣һƵӣȻȲսûõˡ
˶Ŀ㣬ĪȻľηȻԺ֮㳬Խ⽫һ档һѪҲѵҪ֮ϡ
󱻴Ѫ̤֮䣬Ҳ¶˾֮ɫܿףԼԷҪȻԷǿҲһԷѪҺ
СӲõ׿̼ңΪ񡣹汰ɣŭĶ㣬Ŭȶ
ЦŶԷȥҪǲܵںԼֻаһ·ˡͬΪӣ񶼲ȣܵסԷĹ


1084 ֮ս
㿴ŶԷⱬѣ̴ͬһɢžޱȵƣȻ֮䣬޿ƥͬĲĿѣԡ
ŬȶϾһӣŭաǿס£ԭŭ͸ȶۿ㣬ɨϯա
ȶıӵƣӿĵܹᴩأХ죬ۿֲˣֱ㹥ȥɱϢȥ
ҪŭӿĵۻһѾ޴Ŀվλȥ
㲻ܣݻۣͬ޴ıֱŶԷӭȥߵ˸񣬺֮ѣӿ𵴵ɽݣɽ屻ƽһƵġ
ľͬİľɨ˾쳣Ӱ趯Զ䣬ܿӿನ
֮ϣһֿȻֱȴȻһҪǿ϶Էһ
һٴռϷ磬̲סаŵڡ֮ǰ·ΪԷȣѾȶˣΪϻǱȲ϶Է
ͬɭ䣬ȴŷ츲ص𾪣ոһȻѪٴηǺεȵ뵽ɾʱڶĵ壬еľ͸Ũˡ
ӸոһԷʵӦҲһԽһӡ
˶Էȴ˿û⣬תɾӡǿȣɵİԵҪǿͨӡԴһʼͲ
˵עУۻһջԺһޣâ䴩գĲ񷣬ɱ⡣
ӣԴУҲ趯ݱɸֲֿĴУ˵Եͺֶϯ㡣
Ѿ֪ѾҪһˣⲻ㡣ֻǿһѣжԴƿԼսǾʤĹؼ
Ȼǿһһմﵽӵˣڱķǿ֮ãƿԼ̶Ҫǿ㡣
ϣҪɾ͸ư㡣
ȴ⣬㱩٣ڴƿس̶Լ˿Ϊ彻ֹԵʣĥʮ
֮䣬˿ռݲƣǿޱȵѪ
ܵҪըˣսȣǾò˼顣ϾȲһӣ㲽ӲŶðܺͶԷֶռϷ硣

Ѫ̲סŭһƴڱķ𶯣ѳһƬһƬ
ۻųնȥն֮䷢˿裬ɫᣬϬͬ׵磬ɱ𶯾졣
һ̺ĵնֱնȥԵشϢضΪ֮񣬷ӿ
һأӰͶԷ潻ֲ̫ı¶֣ӡ֤Ĵ
ǿԷԷԵⲻ˿Сӡܲӵ֮ӡĳЩǵ֮
Ҫ¶ĻԼԷǿһߣܱԷɱﵽӵĲΣѾʧˡ˵ÿ˶ﵽļ£ʩչԼĴ
Сӣ
ңαܿһһɽ֮ϣһ춯صľ춯񷡣һɽϣɽһ޴֡
ܿһԷûͣŵ۵ĳٴ˹󿪴֮䰵趯֮ƾˣ㲻ϵ㡣
Է󿪴֮䣬ɽϱ飬һ޴ѷ첻ϵıѿɽ屻ƽֲϯء
ɽҪ趯ĳնϣ㲻㣬Ҳ޿ɱܣֻӭȥ趯ˣֲϯһۣǹǹ裬ޱȣ˶Է
ǹʹײһȫǵ۵ײҲ˸ײԵ񱩵һ𣬵۲ϵĽԷۡ
Ҳ۾һĻҪ˭ĴҪǿһĲڣΧ۵ȺֱֱĶˣҪ˭Ĵʤһ
𣡡趯ĵ֮ϵĽ֮Ĵȫĥ
֮ĥҵĴ㵱Լ˭Цһ֮ߣضеߣ䡣
֮䣬һ𵴶趯Ĵ˹ȥĴվɵģϢˡѹŹˣ֮Ķ֡ܿ챻Ĵĥȥ
ɫ䣬趯гһѳ͵ս˹ȥŰĴ֮ķ顣
ʥ㿴ŶԷеĳɫ˱䡣Էֳʥʵǲ١ȻǿԷڶԷʥ£ƾμˡ
ûкʵվȲǰ̾һԼԼһ·ԴԼġҪҵһѺʵıѡЩȴͬŴɽҪʲôʲôʺǵʥΪѰ
ɾΣΣʵȷʵǿΣΪʤ𣿡ŭÿһ仰أɭĿ㣬ֳֳ㡣
һȡҽеõǸƣŶԷ˵㲻ʶҽеõĶ𣿾ǱеĶһֱ͸ʲôԸʥԸӣӾͽúõơ
˵֮䣬趯ƣվ棬ϢˣƺƵ𵴶Ʋ񷡣
жƣüͷͬһʲô֮󣬾˦ųɨҪѡ
ȻܣŶһӭȥ
˿һĻʧѣ˰ɣԷֳʥӣɽƺȻһ˿۵Ķӭȥǻ˲ɣ
ʲôȻġӽ֣һʧˡӭȥԼ

˾Ϊʲô顣
֮ս춯أȡɴ˿̣ȴսһʧȥǡ
˵ҡͷ̾ϢУԷĳ֮ϣ˶̲ס۾ľҲ


1085 ʥ󽻷
ԭΪʥ԰ϣû뵽ǣⲢ۵ĶƾȻס˳һ棬Ȼһ˿ĺۼû¡
۳ƵĵھȻһȱڡ˵ɴ۾ǲ֮ɫ
ôܣ
˾еĶơһϢûУȴӲ˹زʥһ֮䶼δܿһۼ
ͬʱɳȥ̤ɽ֮ϣɽ嶼ѿӵս¶ţ˿ľ
еĳҲͬ𺳾ò˼顣ĳȻȱڣպʥȻȲĪĶơ
ǺöȵĶеĶȻòᡣܵõⶫҲһְοɡʥ˵Ķһ
㿴еĶҲЩʧʶƵסĳԲ³ܿһδһ˿һĺۼþޱȡ
˦˦ľֱۣȻոնƵ³ǶȴûжϵӲȱȲ϶ƣǱϾԷ
ĶȻӲǶȴ𲻵һ˿һáԶԷʥʩչȫ£ѪҲ
ƱҪˣ㺰ԽԽⶫʱڷ֮£ܺͷһԱˡƫƫʱԼֻˣûʱ˼̫һˡ
رǶԷɾӣҪжⶫѶϵҪֹɻˣҪǱݻٵĻʱѹڻ¡
ԼʲôȡеĶǿ㹻ˡЦĿŶԷʮֲмܶԷʥΣԷ˶ΣԼֳֶܵסԷâͲ
ԼǿһԷʥҲԼƽѣҲͱԼһߡ
㿴ʲô⣬ڱķ棬Ҳѹס
ȻҲ֪ǰԶԸ뵽ԷɾʱڵսеĹ˼ɾ͸˼֡
ʥ壡
ڲƾԼɱ㣬ŭһŸ
ǣ
ƺƵĲںһ趯ŸۣΧȥ趯ֵ۽ҪС
һƬȻ涯˲ںΧɱ㡣ߵĲڱɱڣµҲһˡⲿӣ趯Ȼܾ춯أֻһӣܵס
ǿӣ㿴ŶԷ۳ɴһ˵Ϊűˣ֮ǰӾ뵽ô
Ļһۣѵ㻹ֵΧɡԷʥˣӵ۾ԼΪɵʥ󣬿ֲ˵ĵزҲˡ
ĻҲһ㶣漴͹ЦŻ˭Ŵ𣿵ǹƥԿҵɵʥ㵱Լ˭Ѿ𣿻㻹ʥĿֲȻˣʶһ¡
˵ʱ趯ʱ֮趯۸ǣģļµ͸趯ĵϵ۾ķ
ֲÿһ˶ɫ䣬𺳡
Ҳĳ֮бвЩ˺趯ԶԿˡҪûһУ½վҪ׶༪ˡ
ûһС
ʥ󣬵汾Ӿû𣿵ʩչʿ˸ʬʥȴû뵽Ǳǹʿˡ
˵֮䣬ֱһӣʱ߾߽Ӳʬǰ߾ʬĳھϣϣ
ǺܿϳˣΪ׵һӲʬغϼɽϡʬȴɱڵͷ硣
ȫûǻΪ۾ͷʬҲˣȴû뵽Էˡ
ʱֲõԤУԷǹʿʶ˿ŵ۾ʬѵԷܽ۳ʥ󲻳ɡ
Ҳţƾ輸ʬ۳ʥԿҵȣֱ롣۳ѵܱȵϻ˲ɣŭĶ㡣
ȷʵվ˲һЩͲͬˣرǣŰּǵ¡㵭˵ָ㶯绯߾ʬ֮䣬˸Ӱңңԡ
绯Ϊ㲽ӼԭʵҲűǡΪǵ۾Եʣս֮ϡ
ԹĪ⣬ΪΣɿգ
֮䣬ʱ˾ʬ趯ʬŹɹɷϢӿⷨϢǰŵġȻΪʿ󷨵Եʣ绯ķҲ͸壬ǽķ
ʥ󣬱Ӿû𣿡ЦǹһΪ󷨡õĹУõ󷨼Ϊޣʥֻ
ʱʩչľһʮֿ̣Ⱦͱҵ۾ʬ۳ɰ֮֮ҪԹʿ߾磬ҲҪǿ㹻ܵ۾ķɡ
һĹʿܴﵽ̵Լʹõ󷨣ʩչ
Ȼһ⣬ôﵽвΣɱ¾ĵ۾ʬ绯ʩչʥ
ʥһʱܹǺԹһ֮䣬һжݻ١
𵴶ƣѸͷĵҲ
ʥɫ䣬𣬴۴󣬲Ҫң趯۷ĥԷʬѣҾͲ졣
ԷĻЦǵ۾ʬرܣ
֮䣬趯ʱܣһƬǺҲֲһ˲ݣ۶ơ
㶵ĿһĻðź⣬ëȻ쳹صĹǺ˭û뵽ı仯ԷȻʩչʿʥ
ʥ󽻷棬ԭռϷٴûˡ
㿴ЦôҪҪ˭Ĵǿ
Ļɫѿ㡣Ĵ󱾾ˣٵҲۡĲڶǻˣսȥһһںɽѾٵˣˣҪǻƬĻҲΪ¼ҹˣʱֻڴ˻صˡĳ˿ҪǵĻȥܽܵ˵ģ
᲻ûϵӸ¾ľǡ㿴ŶԷǴЦ֮ɫ˵ҪɱĲڣǾҪɱĲڣ
˵䣬ŹʥãŶԷڴȥʥʼ


1086 ۷Ծ
ɱ
һ绯۾ʬ·סڡͶԷʥţ˫趯ŵ۷𵴣¡¡ɽХһ
ֲ֮䣬ŶԷȥʱǷֲӸʬӿֳɽķ飬ƲɢǾܻ֮һ㣬ױȵĿֲ
ɫ˱䣬ҧ趯ۣס󹥻ǬյĴѷӳǧˣƬıġ
һξ𣬴Ŀ꣬һƬƲɽݡͬʱ㲿ûеסһ飬֫ϱۺɳȥѪܣҲ̶á
סڶಿ۵ʥȭͷգҧгݡԭʥԸ㣬ȴδ뵽Է۳˹ƵȻ޴档Ҫǣʬ֮ǰĲ¡
Ҫд󵶺ɨʮ𣬴رش
㲻ɣЦͷɢ쫷裬ֳƣﶯ֮䣬۲棬ϢȻ޷ǾƾҲնƾ죬ͶԷʥ֮ײһ𣬶ʱ䣬ֲĳԲθǿÿһĳܺɽ壬ױѣһж
ֲĳģʥӼĽ棬Ǹо鶼̲ס
Ȼţǲ֪۷ԾˡӾ㽻棬Ҳ㵽Ϊֹ˵Ĳˡ
Ǵ˿ȴ𺳲ѣ˶Ѿ棬ʥ󶼳֡ĴĶԾΪ֮
ӽ氡ȶûгֵˣ۷ĶԾӦֻǰؿɡ
˶̲סĿѣ̲סǰʱ򣬲ֳĴ档ǰؿŭնλӡ˿̿ӣƺҲвɱԷݵĵز
䡭
֣˶һǰƣ趯֮貣⻪ﳤգޱȣ˿ɵ
ӵǿɣ˽֣˭ҲԷĶֻܿģӰϵı֮䣬趯Ǿǿİ˺ϵ𺳵ҪƵģͿ񱩵ĳ˺ųգĹ⻪ҫۡ
˳֣ض趯Ӱ磬߲ϵĽַֿ֮

Ҳĥ֮ĹǺ趯Ϸ֮ơ绯ĻϢͶԷʥҵײҵײ𶯵ʮҡΡ
ǵ۾ʬǿޱȣٽ绯ȫܰѴ£趯֮սˣԷһĵۡҪǣԷηϣļ²ѡ
۵ʥͬ򵥣ĹӺ֮࣬вǿߡЩʥʩչܰеٳɶ࣬Ҳֲ
ʥ󽻷棬߲¡ˣʥͬҲ̤
趯Ĺͬȴη֮ģЩ˶סʱڷ֫ϱ۵ɣѪȷ硣
ԶȺˣȵĿǰһĻĻǺεȵĴ棡ֻǣҲ֪˭ռϷ磿
Ҫŭһ趯ݻֲۣ𵴶죬ɨͷ­ȥ
۶ŶԷͬ趯ۣﵽ£䵽֮ϣͶԷײ
䡭
˶˲зֿٶȿ쵽£ļ£˱Ĵ
ж֮ٴӭϡԷȻʥȴƲΪȫֲࡣԷʹʥҲǿôһ߶ѡ
ǿϵһ˵ʲô趯ƣ趯֮䷢ʺıȻ޷ͬʥһȴǵķâԼ潻ʥĿܡ
˺ܿϯϣһϵ𵴶ʩչŸ
ӵǿ˿̱¶ţǵĵ趯£·硣ĵ𵴳춯صľ죬еĿⶼеɱϡ
ɱ
ٴαĹмΪ¶ǽɱҲŭʥ£ѵľ֮ơ
ֲĵ۰ѹУһʱ֮ĹǺȻѹơ
𣡡
ڴ󺰣ĥ죬ȵĵۺͷʬʬ趯һʥǱŭһǾ˵ģž޵еܡ
˿ֲѹʬҲѺۣȻǹʬܵشƶΪ֮һ
ٽ˶Էɱ㣡ϵ£Ψӣ
ڴ󺰣ٴ趯ֲۣ֮Ѿ춯ص𵴶ҪĹˡ
󱻶Է۷ѹƣٲά裬ʬϳһѺۣҪıԵ
֮Թ֮أԵ֮ܣ򣬽á
編ͻȻ֮ʹӿޱ޾Ļ֮֮趯ʱһжݻ٣ʬĵҲ顣
ͬʱһ޴ľ֮֯仯ȻŶԷʥȥ
䡭
ĳɨʱ飬һʥѹ趯һɨ˹ȥ

ʱŲٲڱɨУ͵ıѿ֫ϱۺܡѪɢ䣬ǣ̱ǵѪζ
סҲҪţӪҵȱɡΪ׵ļ˴󺰵סʥٴαŹȥ
ҵĽϵ趯ĵ۷֮䣬սǼҵġʬϲϵĳѺۣҲ˱˺ѡ
ޱȣʬѺۣһ֡ͬģԷڱɱһ֣Ҳ֡
ս൱ȴѪޱȡգͻѪһĿǽɺޱȣ˶Ŀġͬʱһ𺳡˭ʤ
Ӽ졣㾡ܸմﵽӲãҲûڡȴޱȡ󷨺ͶԷʥֶܡ
ѹϹž´ԣκӶСӡǶ֮ڡ
޷ŰŶʱգ۳˴󡣡

˾ųнֵĴȻʬһѷ죬Ҳȴյʤ˶ʤҪޱȡ
ԷϾʬĲڶǻˣԷĥǺ֮ʧ
Ҳ벻Է˵󷨰ɣһɱ뷨ա̲סҡͷ̲ס󣬼ָӵĺȻڵʧŭٴλˡ


1087 
Ϊһǿ֮ˣضҪҶ֮ϿɡκսŭƲϵɫͫ⡣
ʱл˾ŭЩڻ˶꣬һսʤҲҪľôĻˣܵˡ뵽⣬ɱŨˣֻɱһС
ҪնɱһӣƾͷȻ֮֮͡Ҫɱ㣬ƾҪۿۣ˭Ը˭
ŭ趯Ϊֱֲֳֳ趯ʱ޾ӿͬһ״ŭ޾ӿĳ
һ̣ʱһѹؼϢӿ֣ѹ˶ҪΪ֮Ϣ˾ֵĿ󣬿趯
ֶξ죬֮׺ںϣ֮ܰӵ£ҺںϣѹȥĿ

ŭ𣬴󵶴ŵĹأ޿ƥ֮ϯȥ˶ĿĿ㡣
ɫأŶԷ趯Ҳͬļ¡ӹ治ǼÿһĴڡǶֶηǷôáҲδκεǡǾ˵ģʲôˣתﵽʥӵʱκһʥӶ
ӲͬȻҲﵽӡ֮ȴޣÿһߵֵز֮ƵһʹתɣǿҲޡ˿СӣӵĴ򶷣ҪһҲҪܡ
ԭԼΪԵʣŲСơΪԷʥȻ޴ˣĴȻֲǶҲκβ˶Է
£ѾͶԷսѪˡ
Ϊĵκε˱ӲɣתڵϣκεڱǰռݲϷ硣
˵ʱ򣬿ֲ趯ᵵ˫ǧ֮Ż֮мܱ˾㤵
޷֮䣬ȴϡߵ֮֮޾ӿֳﵽ£źǳ֮ӭԷ
䡭
زĥ˵ĴģѾʲôˣһƬֻʣ±ľˡ
͡
ļµעУһӰ˳ȥһɺѪҺ˳˺ۣãĵ۶ɢ˿Ӱ̲סһӣ
˵δ֮䣬һҲɳһӰͬҷ裬Ѫֱۣ۲ȻҲ˲ơ
̲סԱһˣгһ޴ѿڵʥ󵶣еõһ費˼Ĵ𰸣νϣռϷ磿
㿴ǱѪۣҲ֮£ҪǿҵĶ࣬Ѫ
ȵϱӵ𣿡ۿŶԷѹסڷѪ
ԷһȻܣܡոձ޼˵ǿȴԵĲࡣǵ壬ǿ١
οĴҲΪԵϣɵ˺ҪԶԶԼϡ
㣬ɫҲޱȡоԼ඼Ҫλȴ˾ξˡһֱΪԼڵ۾֮޵ˡδ֮ǰҲһֱġ
ǰȴ֪оʮֲԸϣҲʵǿ٣
ԼֶõʥԷȻһܵסķâȴ޷Ҳ˵ԷȻֲʥ൱ǺεȵĿֲΪӣһֱΪѾǼˣһ˿ҪǧѣǶԷȴҪǿ֡
Ҫڱϣͬһǿ㲻ʲôӼϣǿ־Ѿˡ
οԷĵҲҪԷ̫ˡ
һ߸ϵһα˱ȥ۶㣬޷һ֮ϵ֡
κε˱𣿡ۿŶԷ˵սǰʥҪˣӻȰٻһʥ
˵ʥȻڱ˵ޱȣһɵáǶӵ˵ҪⶫѡȻҪٵ˶ԷʥŶԷоԻʥ
趯ٴǰһӽսҪҵĶ࣬սѪҪս˲֪ٳûһѪ
ѾǿεļˣսֵزѾѪˣ֮ӿ֣ѹ
ƺᵽǧ֮趯ŴֱɨԷȥ似ۣ鷢ҷ裬ϲƣɨر
ٴηħһսҲ趯ͬĩĺˮһֱɨŵҪ
趯𵴵ɽҡΣɽ֮޾֣׹䣬ȫڵϣһ㡣
Զ˶ѪȵĿٴνֵλӣǿ˵Ĵ򶷣κһûôҡӵǿƳǵ󣬴򵽴˿̣ɽѾŴѾˡ
Ϊһսǳ˵ڶͻƣϲ
䡭ٴһҵĴײɢҵſֲĻɱһΪƽأ綼ըѿֱʣ󡣼ʹֵʥѾԶԶܿ
أ
һּµİԵͿֲ˿ĴҡΡ
֮ϣŶٴȫ󣬴ʱеĳʥѾѳˡ˫ۣȻ䣬Ĺâ˲ĿһĻ
ʥˡ̲ס͵Ŀ㣬ֱоıݺݵײʥǸ߲ʵĶ֮һǷ񡣿ıȻˡ
㱻žηţȴܣʱֱѪ͸ֶҪƵġȻһ˶ԷʥԼҲشСʥĿֲƴһĪֱ͸Ѫ顣
ʥֲҪٵҪСۡоֱʹļã̲סһڡ
ֳֶѵʥ󵶣ҲŲ֮ɫҪʥȱȣϾԷӡȥԷ۶ϣ̫ˡҪ۶ʥҪֲ޷ǰȴˡ
֪Է϶˲Сۣޱˡ
ŶƵ㣬һɫ㣬һ򺰵ղɱնɴ㵱ΪԼھ𣿴ʱһɱȴʱ
һ仰ɫһ䣺Է˰֣ǡ


1088 
ʮһһŭһŭ£˵Ŀⶼתķ򡣴һ߳һӰǶʮһȳ
ȹصͽڴ˴ʮһְѹɱʶʮһ
˿߳ĶʮһҲһƬȻû뵽ֶΣһ֮ǰԿ㣬˴ɱ㡣
ʮһվۿðŹɹɭĺ⣬֪ǺˣҲѹ֣ԷѾɱĲûվæȻΪ
ǶʮһԼĴ㣬治ǡȻʱǿվҪġʱһӣձɣԸǣҲǱƶȵӰԸֶ޷ֻܾܹ
ԭʮһĲɱ㣬뵽˼ǿֵزɵһסԷʥ󣬶ֲǶԷ֡սʮһǲԸðͷ
ϾҪǲһɱĻǺǶԼֶΣԼΪ֮Ҳұ֤аٷ֮ٵİɱ㡣Ҳ⣬Ըӵ֮У׼뿪
뵽ȻֱԿڰгʱ޿ɱˣֻսĵȴǧٱ飬ӽΪһҪԼοԼڳǳҲһˣζƸˡȻ㣬һҪ׵׵İ
㿴վĶʮһüͷҲһӵ˭ԭǶʮһôһ߸ϣޱȵĻ֮ǿߣҲĹӲɣδ̫ˣ
ʮһ˼ɫҲ˺죬漴ͺߵر£ֻ㻵ȹص飬øһҲ⡣
ʮһΣȻվˣͱվˡȻǿǱϾߣûе̣ȵһҪѡһĻֻվһˡ
˭˹ظºûʵɸ¾ͲҪڱǰ˵ˡȻҪΪУǶ˵Ҳ档㿴Ŷʮһ˵
ʮһĻԿɬȻˡöʮһЩˣո򶷵ʱӦվֺá
£ԷȹأΪһԱҲάȹһ֣Σʮһ룬ȻѶԷˣǾͰѶԷ˵Ҫɱ˶ԷǾȥĺ֮ǡҪɱˣǡ
뵽⣬̲סһһţҪȻһӵǣһûкӹ
Ȼոնʮһδ˿Էô˵ǵ˵ͷ˵ˣ
ꡭ
˵һ̲ס㡣һӺһ֮ȻֶԸܵסϾһδ۾Ӷѡ
趯ֱֱۣۻžʹ˿̼ͶʮһϢüͷҲ֮һǿ̫ࡣһӣҪ׶༪١
ҪǣԼոպ֣Ϊ˶ʥԼܵơ̬£ܶԿ˶Է
뵽⣬ֱһӣ绯ŵ۾ʬӿķƿһ·ɱĺֱֱߵǰ
ʥ󽻷棬ȻδʤЩ۾ʬѺۺ飬ʬҪѡǣҲա֪ɱǶˣʬմѪҺǴ򶷵ĳ֮£ɺѪҺ֫ϱ۵ǣһƬ˼
ɱֵزĺˣǴ붼ˡȻĹʬҲѺۺܿҪѣҲսˡҪսȥᱻĥ𣬵ЩͬһҲ
绯һѾҪѵĵ۾ʬЦҪɱûôףɱˡˡ
Ļʮһһ£µ顣
һҪʮһ˵źݻҲǰοԼ
ۿŶԷȻ˼ɶԷ֮ľǿʵҲ˶ʧ񡣶ԷǿûǿǿԼȴǲ뿪
ΪӣȻӵǿ֮Ҳ˵¾ġ
ӣһ֣Բ⻵˹ص뿪ʮһҧ˵
һȻ֪ʮһʲô˵ͷ˵һ֣ŷ֮ܣҲ߲ˡ
𣿡Ц֣趯ĵۿֲۻգֱɨȥ߲ܲ˵㡣
֣һҲԿֲӭ㣺ӳǿӺͻ֮Χ뿪ȴΡ㻹֪֮ĿֲӶҪâҽֵ֮Լصβֵܵġ
ûĻ趯ֱɨȻ˲ƣԼ֣ܵƲԼᣬûʥ㽻ֵ·Ϊԣĵ˳ȥ
ʮһ֣˵ͬʱʮһҲȻƾޱȣ㶼ľȻ
վҪԷŭ趯֮䣬Ҫɱķ顣
Ͼֻһδ۾ӣԿ֮ѡرƵ¡ŶԷָ͵ĵ㶯߾ߵ۾ʬͻȻȥ
Թ۴ԱĪܽ
֮䣬߾ߴŷĵ۾ʬ͵Ŷʮһȥͬʱ绯Ҳһ˳ȥ˲伤䵽ߣ˺գѿһ޴ĺڶ
䡭
߾ߵ۾ʬԱֲʮһɫ˱䣬վҧ趯סҪס㣬ΪԸ㴭ĻᡣһӣҪǸᣬ˵͸˶ԷĻᡣ
ҧðƿ߾ʬԱ֮ʱһֲľͨƽǲ£Ա֮ٴôһȴ䣬Ӱٵܿһ
Ӱ˺ȴ㴭Ϣʱ䣬䵽绯˺ѵĿռѺ֮Уң£Ϳٵ뿪
λӾͲˡģӻȫȡġ𵴶ձЦ˶Ĥ
ȻûգͶʮһɫ˱䣬Ӱ趯Ҳ˺գ׷ȥ
ҪӣΣΪռ֮оӴܵδ̫С֮ˣʮһ׷ȥȻ뿪
ʮһȻҲ㣬֮ģԷӲƤ뿪ȴҲ롣


1089 ϸ
˿ŻָƽգдеɽĿ꣬һۣǺܿעӵʮһ׷ȥˣҲ֪Էܲ׷㡣
˶ﻹǲʲôϣģϾһ֮һͬʱ׷ɱȥӴܵˡرǻ֮ߣһεôӿģ˵֡
ǣֵ龳ûг֡ǰǶ֡Ͷʮһɫ࣬Щ˶һԡ
˿һĻǺܿͲ²һֿܣѵ˵һλһ֮Ӷδ׷϶Է
뷨һӿ𣬾Ĵ𵴣ֱоıݺݵײ˾ξˣ׷ɱ뿪
̫ˣⶼܱӴܣ˼
ʮһҪѹˣһӲӴܣԺҪˡ㳬Խ¾ĩˡ
̲סۣͬʱĿ⿴һƬǽ壬Ѫȵɽ̲סҡͷѡĲѾɱĲˡºԣҪɱڡ仰Ҳˣ
ݣ˾̲סҡҡͷһʧذرһս䵽ȵˡûɱ֮ǰûԸٸˡ
뵽ɱһ֮ȫˣ̲ס겻ѡһ޷̫ۡǿƿֲˣһǰɱ֮Ӻͻ֮Χɱȫˣһˡ
ɫൽµ˰͵Цһ߸ϵˣʱҲܵĶҶ޷й֪᲻ˡ
Щ뵽⣬̲סֻĵҲ֪˻ζԸ㣿˭֪Ķ̲ȥģ
֮ܶ˶ڴ˶ǺǵģǺǵġЩľٶܿĳ

ͶʮһɫˣôҲû뵽ԷȻܵô졣ڿռ֮УԷͬһֻӣģǸ޷ץסԷĹ켣ԷĿռ֮ޱȣֱŹ֮ٶȡ
ٶվ޷ץסԷԷһᣬ˵׷У뿪˵İΧ
Ǻݺݵĳһ⣬ԭΪ˺ȫʰԷɻǹһǵĴ֪ԼĲû¼ˣ޵ҧгݡһ֮ΪǱΪʧܵһΡ۵ҲһֱһѪҺϴӸɾ
ԹޣʮһǾ֡Էһӣÿһ򵥡˵ľͲ龳ˣΪܲġ
һҪɱҪȻԺ󱾳ûкӹرǶʮһ뵽˵Ǿ仰¶һҪɱ㡣ҪȻֻ·һ
˾ĵĶʮһĵβܶԿ㡣еİѱǻȵĹأֻܽԸˣȺܶ˶ĵףƹص󣬺ܶ˲ûᵱһ顣
뵽⣬ʮһҲͷۡҪʵʵ㻵˹ػ˵ƫƫȶֵдȺܶһֻ۱һֻۡⲻǾͻѻصת㡣
ʮһ㻵ȹص飬سƽˡϣҪ˲ϣ˵Ǳ
仰۾һȳǳв׽ģ֮Ӱ˵˵ǳضԸ㡣
Ҫ˻ʱʰҲɵĶˡϾֻһˣϽĿﶼܱڷʲô
뵽⣬ʮһ΢΢İ˹֡ûʧ
ʮһ뿪˻֣йʤĲಿڣѿɫҲ뿪
˿˶뿪⾪۷ԾĻһһۣصѪ죬ԺҲһӰӰǾηѡ
ҪٴεסͶʮһķĹԸ⡣
Ц˼ʲô΢ĩʵ˼ҹ˼һԸҪء
𾪰һ֮ӶҪˡĲڼȫ𣡡
ӽ֮ս֮ҪΪ͵һˡһΣǴˡ
ĲȫҲ֪ӻΣ᲻صĴΪĴѰء

۷׷ףܿһսľͽʹȣòΪ֮ʧ񾪺رЩʥӣ˾ξˡ
ǽʱͬһ磬ŹȥûãԷֻǴﵽӡҺȵӶĲ·磬ȾϷ磬⾪
˿ɣҪ˿ֵĻȻԸΪĹӡӺ൱һԶԶߵ֮ǰ˦ʮǧ
ͬвƽĻ˺ΨģǵõϢʱ˶ˡ޷㵽׳ɳֵزˡ
˺ΨĲ뵽˵ʱµĺʯӡΨҵĺԡ˼Цǲ֪˿̣Щ˻ἥЦ
ȻδԽϽصۣɳֵزҲǱֻġ
뿴ǲܳɳΨҵĵز¶֮ɫ
ΨļֳȣҲ̲סҡҡͷʲôһӸߴ󣬲κ˷䡣Ǵ˿̻Ǳ۷ˡ֮ŮҲԸ֮ˡΨĴûеĴ

˶ΪΪ𾪵ʱ֮ȴһϢĹҪ󿪣
Ϣȳ׵ķڿĹʲôطӵĴ֮ءɾӣǽֻͨǴиҲתųɾһӡ
ĹҲΪӵר֮أǴ˿ȴ˵ĹҪ󿪡β𾪣
Ĺ˭֪Ѿר֮أܴ󿪣
ǺܿϢ˵ӵĹԿףԸһǰȥ̽Ĺ
ϢһƬȻ˭ϢʱһĿȻȻܵõĹԿ׵ֻй㡣ĵϢ϶Ҳģ
찡ҪѶԷ·ϱĹӵĸȻҲ⣬ȥⲻҪ
̫ˣĹеĻӻʲôƣ˵޷ҲпܡϾҪͨ
Ҫʱ޲óɡ
ֹϢ𺳵ˣͬʱҲһĦ࣬ǲǽĹ֮У֮Ĺ˵ȡ󣬳ɾһҲ˵
뵽⣬˿ʼ۴Ϣ
Ȼܿ˴ϢϢʱŭģٴαĿѪҺ


1090 
ĹҪ󿪵Ϣͬһ쫷ϯȶȥ˱𶯡һЩչϼһﶼȴĹų֡ΨֻŭѣϢѪµйŸƷй
ıŭȴûӰ㣬ʱʱķųһϢ֮Ը˹ĹȻҲֱԸ֪ûĹλڣеֻԿףϣҰæҳĹλá
ҪҲ֪Ҫ꣬ȵ߶֮ϢһڰĹҳĹڵصϢҲܿ촫ȣܶ˶ʼǸϹȥ
Ϊ֮зڵʱǱҲҲϢɽŵٴλصĴУʼΪ֣вɱ㲻ݵ˼
Ҳ֪ԭ򣬻ǶʮһҪءʮһϵǳͬҲ׽ĳ㻵ȹ֮µͨ㡣
ҪĹΣҵһ
ȹأӵĺǣҪ㾾
ߣ뿪ĹΪǳصҪǸȥ֮ء
ʮһϵķųϢһϢųȥҲΪͱŭǶʮһȻ֮֮ԸĻﵲסǱϾǻֲ֮ľǿߡ
ŭĶʮһҪԸ㣬ҪĹ֮⣬һ־ɱοĹĹĻܽȥ
ԭ˷ܵΪЩͷһˮ̲ܶס̾Ϣվ˰ҪҲȵӣʮһ˸۸
ĹǿˣԷųвĻˣһ˶ľǿߡȻһӣɱϾ찡̾ϢаѶʮһҲϣǴ⿴ĳʮһǳ׵Ϊͷˡ
㲻ȴҡڵĳˡϾЩ˹˻ȹص
һӣ۸ֵزǿ

ҡͷ֮󶼻㣬һðͷͻᱻԷΧõİ취ǾǲڹڵУ˲ܸɳʱ䡣
Ϊ㲻ֵʱڶʮһǳ⣬һӰ˵עӡ֮һһҫޱȣǰǼֻޣ⼸ֻ޳ײУʵҲÿһֻﵽ˸߽״ĲΡ
ʮײп񱩣ɴ˿ǸӰ֮ȥ쳣˳һŶʮһǶȥ
ӵȻ棬ҷ裬Ȼûɢһ˿ϢǹµҲβסܺܶδ㡣ԼʹеԱһ£ܿ˾֪ݡ
찡ӣ
˰ɡȻҳڴڵУŶʮһǶ浨˹
ٰ֮ѵ֪ʮһѾȳǳ֮Կ𣿡
˿ųڶʮһо˼飬֪ĵӣȻҳ
˵עУʻǳСǳ֮еıʿǣ̲ס󺰺ȵ󵨣㡭
ǵĻû˵꣬ͺһֻǰ˳ͻȻ𶯣ӿֱֲӻЩˡЩʿ޷ֵ˲䱻˺ѵķ飬Ѫ͸УɹѪζ΢Ʈ￪
͡
˶Ŀ㣬¶˾֮ɫСҪ˲ɣҪ˵ϴǶʮһǰѻǳعصǿϡʵʵĶɱˡ
ڶʮһǴɱбʿȫûаѶʮһҪʲôѵҪͶʮһԾɣֻϾһδ۾ӣֵ֮ܵҪǣԷ˼֮˿̶ڶʮһǡ
˿̳ȫͶ
˶ľĿ㣬Ҫ㵽Ҫʲô
ֻ֮䣬伸̮ʮһ㲻Ҫɱ𣿱ˣôδ֣
аʮһ˾ʧǣ찡ǽаʮһġʲôĵô
˴Уٴκݺݵ˼˵նһˣգӾĳǳء㲻˵ӻȹ𣿼Ȼ˵ˣȻҪˡ
˵֮䣬趯ϵųۡĹ
ס֣ı֮䣬ʮһڳ֣ŭһӰ棬ۿͬŲšԷȻһĳǳء
㲢ûΪԷסֶͣ£趯һٴ˼ſѾɫĶʮһǵɽ˵ҪǻȻԸӣҪһۡ
ʮһ۶㣬ȻǵյĻȴû̫⣬ҪʰҲҪɳһĲβŸҡЩ֮ľǿߣ֮ǰɱԷȴû뵽ǣɽ֮սûжãȻ͸ģͶ
Ȼˣɡʮһۿ㣬ɱ⡣
ЦӸͲ¾ɱ˱ӡ
˵֮䣬ɿеļͷޣ⼸ͷ뿪һɽҵģǴſ£Щ޹˳Ϊûѹƣײп񱩵ƢϱǳкֱײѳŸײķ顣
ʮһĶ㣬еɱŨСδ̫ˣҳǳءΪûʰɣ
λһ֣СӸɱˡʮһ㻹Щ˼ˣϴαӴܣһξԲᡣ
ڶʮһ˵֮䣬ʮһ߳ˣȻûбϢʶǵ˻̲ס
λ֮ĳ֮Ը㣬Ǵֱʰ
ĲѷˡֻԷʲôܲɣ

˺ɻ󣬶Ŀ⿴㡣һƽĿˣ·Է˵ĳƵġ
ҵжӪôһҪǻûģӻٵȵȣһЩ֡㿴Ŷʮһ˵
仰ЩûöʮһѪһ֮ǶԷܶԸģԷȻӵ˵Լʲô
ʰ㹻ˣʮһҧ˵¡
ЦҡҡͷȻųǳе˴󺰵ǳرҪˡģ뿪
Ļ󣬴˳ǳصÿһط˱𶯣ǷųǳȥȻΪ˳ǳأɱನҲǳܲˡ
ôĿҪǳءʮһŭЦû˺Ц
ȵ֪ˡҲ˵ֶųӿȥȺ


1091 绯Ա
Ⱥ汼ӿȥҪҳǳأһֶΡȻһˡȲε˴򶷣ӿ϶Ǿ˵ģҪǶԷ治ǾǱĳ㡣
㺰֮Уͺų⼤뿪
Щ뿪Ⱥ㸺ֶɫȻȻɱˣҲԸɱԩ޳ˡ
ʮһһ仰Щ˶ӿߣɫˡҲ޿κΡϾӵ˵Ļû˸Сӡҳǳʵʵֵġ
Ⱥӿȥ㿴Ŷʮһ˵ֵˡ
Ļʮһɫˡ£һֱǿƵķˣܲˡͬʱߵһҲŭԼʲôֻһӶѣ飡ߣȰɱҡ֮УҪʲô
˵ʱҲӿֲֳأƲʱʵķ顣ֲȵ𶯾ڳԶԶһĻ˶岻ѡ
ǻ֮ʵ𣿵Ǳƣ֮ܽѹֻ֮нһߡ˾̾ɫǴŻɡ֮£ܵס
ȴЦһ˵ΪűӲɣձӾʰǣЩףϲ˾ұ鷳ġ
ԭ׼ôͶʮһƽϵģǶԷ̫ˡȻǿҪɱһ־ͱضɱܵǵ˵ԺԼҪͷڹˣ
ȻˣԼȰǸʰ˵Ҫ˭ı£ɱ
ʮһҲԸٵȣվǰһ˵ϴˡһȴɡ
˵֮䣬Ҳ㸲Ƕȥܸо֮ȷʵʮ־ˡѹϣѡԼɾ͵ĴҪȻ£̱
һŶԷ˵ǲ뿴ʲôǰҪǳǽձӾǼʶһ¡
˵ʱָ㶯㶯֮䣬绯ǰ
ʮһԭΪʲôվǰ绯̲סЦҵĵʲôԭ߻
ʮһʶ߻һ߻ǿԿ֮ȴ룬ο֮ĵƣ治ϡ
ûļǰ绯һָһ㣬һָָ֮֮ϣһ֮ͼ֮С
ЩŰĿ⿴ʮһ˵ӽվۣҲҪǶ
˵֮䣬ָ㶯һ۲ϵӿ绯֮Уĵ۴Żĵۻһ׭׭ӡ绯ϣ绯ϢͻȻ
ֿ񱩵ϢϵӣҪֵܷĻ绯֮еļڷ𶯡
Ŀ£绯Ҳ۳һɹɵĵۣ͸Լ֮Уۻ׭۵ķ׭ӡ֮䣬Ƹǿӿһӿӿ˲䷭ϵĵӡ
ӿһԸӵĵزضϢ£춼ҪƸѹȡƾޱȣ𺳵˶ɴ۾Ŀǰ绯
Ѿ˵Ԥϣ绯֮Уڷ֮䣬𵴣ʮֲȣƺҪ
ʮһŻڱƵ绯ɫҲ͵ı˱䣬¶˼־塣绯ʱ̫ˣȻ˱ʵԤϡ
һ֣ɱʮһƬ̵ʱ䣬绯Ѿˣ֪ȥô
ҪˣЦһ˵ûʰˡ
˵֮䣬һٴδ绯֮У֮軯֮ҪȽȼңߣĥ𣡡
˵֮䣬绯ͻȻȼȼ֮䣬Ϊ񱩵Ϣӿ
ʲôȼ绯찡֮鰡ȻҲȼյ
ҪԱ绯Ա绯סˣ
Ҳǳ밡绯Ҫס֮ҲѰ

ҡͷδ̫쿪ˣΨֻжʮһɫ䣬ɫأǶ趯ֱֲķ趯ķȫ
ֲعˣ֮֮ⷨأ·ؾַֻƵġһֲֿµĸо
𣿡˾λ֮Ŀֲ֮Уһ˳ȥһƳȥͬʱӰҲ͵ˣ˺ѿռ䣬ſռ֮мߡ
λ֮ҪӴܣŭ׷ȥǰһĻȴǲòͷ绯һѾˡⲻ𺳵ģѪɫǣ绯ͻȻԱ
ԭΪ绯ԱҲޡǽȴǵԤϣκ˶û뵽
ⲻܣʮһ˴󺰣еľβסɫ԰ףҪ롣ǣԱȴûиǻᡣ
ڳԶԶۿˣҲ޷һĻ绯Աƾ񷣬ֲȵͬ캣Х֮أȻһ޴ĢƣĢܰһжݻ٣һһ㡣
񱩵ܰʱһжֻⱩԿٵءһļµ˺ëľû󵽵ġ
ը֮䣬ռֻˣһǳֻһ˲䣬ͱը˳ȥ
ıϢȣȶΪ֮ҡΣԳǳΪģ޴ѷѿľ֮ҲһЩǿߡ૿һдŲ˼֮ɫ
󡭡ۡ
Щֱоͷ˼£Ǵ۵ϢȻδﵽ۵ʵʵǴ۵Ϣ
˭ıӵˣȻǰȥǴۣ
˾Ŷʮһ𶯶ľĢơ
ıըҲˣһ㶵Ŀһ˾ԶԶųǳأɻǱϢϯ˶ش
Ƕ͵ĿΪƽصĳǳأе𺳲ڳǳ֮գһӰ̤֮⣬ͬɫ԰ף·ܵش
㣬ǰľ֮Ҳ¶˲֮ɫ
绯ȴٵˡȴ֪òҪȻȾٲά衣Щ˶Ҫɱͷڹ꣬ҪȻֻѡǵ·
ľ첻һƬžһȻ͵ĿһĻļ֮ÿһ˵УϵӰǶ¶Ըӵľη


1092 
ըϯǳأԭĳǳΪƽءеλ֮Ҳ䡣ӵĻᶼûУ绯Աɱ
֮ʲôнƻʳƵ۵ĴڣѾһĵ۾֮ʵı仯ֻǴ澳ӡҪǴﵽ۾εӶܺͻ֮˽档ǣ˿ĻԱȴɱ֮Ĩһǳء
˴͵ĿɻھգղݣŴصѷԽԽࡣѷͬ֩һӳǳش˷ӣʮִĿġ
˭޷ƽֱֱĿ֮ϵӰ޷ӰܱơԱȻŴ۵Ϣˡ
ʱҲܣ绯ǽĴ۶ɵġԱԼŴˡȻе֮֮ܽ޸ҪĲʱѣ
绯Աһ̣ͬشݺݵĴһܵشɫ԰ס
㿴һǰҲޱȣ绯۳ġ˿ȴòԱ绯ԱСӰǾ޴ġ
֮鶼ԱˣСҪ߲εǲܵġٴ۳֮飬ǿͼ֮е硣൱ѵġ
绯һĴڣȴܱ˿ֲԭǵõƷ۳ɵġƷʲôڣǴ۵ľԱ֮ǻֵ֮ܵġ
绯Ա£֮˲仯Ϊɻҡ
ǰΪƽصĳǳأԼǳѾ𺳴͵ȺӰûգ۱ߣǿ
ûռôһ仰վþûص𵴽ÿһߵ֮СҪ֮ǰ˵仰Ϊӣ¶֮ԱǣǴ˿˵仰ȴÿһ˶ļ²ѣ仰εļԺС
Ȼֻһ澳ӣȴѾɱ𾳡Ǻεȵİÿһ𾳣ǻߵĴڡҲǺպĴڣȰʮһȳǳضǻ֮ΪġЩҲάȹصĶ
ǣĶȻͱɱǳصĳһ澳ɱұĨһǳء
¼ûзˣǲ˾ĺؿʱҲһǳضѣδͻֱ֮ӽ֣Ǵ˿ȴ˳ǳأɱ֮
ˣѵ̶Ͻؿ֮ѵҪֵﲻɣ
ʹһսͿԱƽϽؿˡ
ҲһˡɱӲڣй˿һǳأȫȷﰡ
ȵһӵ֮ˣ鶼Ҫâˡ

۵ʱ򣬲ҲϵǿΪƽصĳǳʱҲ̲סһи߸յߴͣǴ۵Ϣ
һ仰˳ĬǺεȾǺнĵۻʡȻܺͨȣҲǳģҲǸ߸ޱȵĴڡ
ĻϢǲ˵ҲԱܲͬأ
뵽⣬˽üͷ½ӲСҪ鷳ôӳ顣
ر뿪ǰһ仰Ҳͬߣǿǿǿտںţܸв
ˣҪĹʱ뿪ˣ˵ȥĹˣһȥ
𺳺뵽һֿܣ̲ס˷һͼٵıܶȥ

ĨƽһǳصϢȣΪ֮𶯣һȻŸϢرڵ֪ǳ֮ҲΪɻ֮𶯡
ʱӵԸӵĵزǿѾԣԸ˳㡣
Ψĺ˵õϢʱ̲סһҪ̱ˡ̫ˣ
ɱӵĲڣйǾѾˡɵ֪ŭҳǳأɱ֮ǿѪȡΨͬĻʥӡ
Щʥӽʱ򶼿ĺʯӡǵʱ̲סЦϽؿܽаģ
ɴʱȻȲϺؿϽһЩѾԽǡʱ޷ԽǣȴѾƽˡǺݺݵĳʥһ⣬ǰļЦĿЦ

ȻȵĳǳأҲŭȵĹزƻ˿ȴһǳضˣսǵȨ
һЩϾͷҪַ㡣ЩһӦʱŶʮǳسַӪС
ƺƵַжòզ಻ѣͬʱҲΪ㵣ȣԺҲٲάɡ
˾ȵǣȻܶ㣬жȴûмˡò˴㵲ѣ
Щ˲ɣҪȻôֻ֣ȴҸж
϶ģЩ˶Ҳ˼ɣȻŭ˳ǳأ̫ǿưԵ׳֣ҪȻϣ˵һǳء
ѹҪһǳˣЩ˰

ԽԽ࣬ȴԽԽ׳û˶֣߼ǲҪӪС
һս֮ʧˣһܶټòֹǲǱƺƵַŵĲҳˡ
ɻѵʱھĹԶһɽдһǿƵϢŵĲҳĴԸơ
Ըűӣʵﵽ澳ϵģĹɽĵһȿڣԸɡ
һ仰ʱΪ֮䶯ٴﵽǿߣҲǸȥ
ʱĵ˺ܶ࣬Եղ١ǺܶԸ㣬ΪڵλҪȥĹ֮ˡǶȻռƣϾԿС
ҪĹˣ
Ϣܿ촫Ϲвǿ鶼ҲĲϹ
ȻҲע󡣱ϾطǰܵأǴ˿ȴҹܡ
ڵ֪װ֮еĶ֮һϷȥϢ˲ʲô˼
Ϸ󱳺ǰϷȻæ
뿪ʱԣԼһزšȴû뵽ʱһ˹ǱȥѰɡ
ǸݷǷҪǰȥѰõӦĻҪ׶༪ˡ
ҪƽˣҪͱơ

۷׷ףȴĳ֣ԽԽΧĹķ
ֵȴ£һŵȴÿһ˶𺳡
Ը汾ӵģ汾ӶҵһȥĹ
صգΪ֮𶯶Ѫ硣


1093 
̤˵УԭֵĿռ˲İһĿ⿴㲢ǿ׳壬˶Ŀȡ
󣬸ˣǵȵϣ˸Ϊ·¶η֮ɫ
ӵڴ˿չ¶ţû˸ҴâʹΪ۾ľͷʱҲҪâҵĵ·
Ҫӵģ󡣡
Ļո£ȥ״ͷ¼Щˡ
ʱǺ˵ģ̶ʱ䣬ͻϰ֮ࡣϰ˶ʵﵽ澳ġ𾪲ѣĴ澳ǿߣѾһˡ
ʹǿ߲ȣϰٴҲ𾪵һԿһ˶ǿ߸棬Ǿľƣ뵽Ϊֲ֡
㿴ƺƵһȺǿߣȻ֪жĸģ㲻ںźƺƵȺĹڶȥ
վסҪߵĹڵʱһŭŭ
㶨ķ򿴹ȥ漴Цҵ˭أԭӣô°ܽѣҪͱӽֲɣ
գ޵з緶أʱ˼įǱ˿Ҳûǰ־ηʱһ̳һ߶Ѿûоη֮ˣԶǿߵ硣ѾΪʷ
۹⣬̲סʹʱﲻ˾ηһǴ˿̣еĴתƵһʥˡּǸ߸ϵܳ˵ģ
վһˣҲɢɢ߰˶ѣŰӵصĳ̫ˡ
ѱӵĹԿ׽㣬Ĺⲻܴģ
ô֪ⲻܴģЦĹӻˣôҶȥհһ緶
㡭ŭҪ뵽ʵվ
ҪʲôܰĹԿ׽㣬ҧгݵ˵仰ΪӵһֱδͷһβòͷҪȻ˽Ĺ鴫л᲻˶ƻأرĴҪǱĻֻ·һˡԲô˽Ĺ֮С
ܼ򵥣Цſ˵ȱӿĹ֮ţԿ׽Ҳνˡ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫֣վûס͵ıŭ˵˱ӣҪ뿪룬Ҫʶ࣬ĹԿ׽ǵĶԹʹΣ
ԷĻ̲סЦǱЦɱ㲿ڣй⻹𣿿Ǳӻĺúõģ㣬˿Ҫӣ̬вӣ
ŭɫǺ죬ո׷һȴ͵ĺЦ
ǺЦһǵӣȻвӴˣ
޳ܰ˼ǳصĳκβӴˣǱɱȻӴǰ
ǰһԭ޳ܲҪֵزˡ

һȺ˵ļЦɫǺ죬ѿ㡣ҧ˵ӲϧٴλعţҪʶͰѶҪǲʶ࣬Ǿֻ
˵仰ʱѾŭˡĳԭΪܴһҵٻšû뵽ǵĻȥȥȻû˸յ˵ʲôǱ˵˼һжǰɵġǣ˿вò
ɣĹһҪ򿪡Ҫб¾Ҫû¾͹һȥ㵭˵Ȼ˵һţǷԽǳԸӡ
޵ֱҧȻ˴ŵǿæһ߶û̫ҪԸҪû֮ǿ߲Сǻ֮ôõģݣҲ˵ġԣֻԼȸˡ
վǰһֱֱ˵ĹӾԲ򿪡
㿴һ˵ӵǵã˶۸ҡ˿̣Ҫˡڲһնɱ󡣡
һ㶣ܿͷӦڰΧġ
ʮʮӶ
ģ˿ȫȥϰٸǿ߲´󣬷Ÿ߰˸߳֡߰˸ȻʵֲҲסĹܿ͹Ҳڷ
һӣɵĹ¼ҹˡ
̫ҧгݣɭĶ㣬ƱӵġӺƲ
㣿ӵĿ󣬡㻹ʸͱӲ
Ȼֲ˿ȴһ㶼˼ɶԷʵǿΣ˿̵ҪԸҪ׵Ķࡣ
ȫ趯׼ƴһʱһȴЦ벻Ҳôһ죬ϳˣ˿̴бضҪŰ裬Ƕӵ档
һӰ߳㶨ۿȥȵһλ顣
ƺƵĸϰٲڣԶսӵչ¶ţͬӵ󣬾ԵøǱˡ
֣֣ЦŴк
˵ϺãҲ˵ϻͬΪӣԷȻصҲֻѵӵĵͳȤȻҲˣ
ͨĹû˭ȤġУл֮ҪҪհһ緶
ӵ̰ͦĵġ㲻ɷõ˵һ䡣
Ҫ˵飬ĲͳȥɱԷˡ˵仰ûһ˸ҳҲʼʾνŰĿת󣺡һֱӶΪʰ㣬ȴû뵽δֵӣѾʰ˵زˡ뵹˿ϧġ
죡˵ŭŭ
鵱û˵˵ĴˣҲ֪Ż᲻㵱һ¡һֵزӣŻͬһ㡣
˵⣬˶ټ˵ûϵҪûĻԳΪӵĲڣӸһͷĿĵλΣ

ļ˶һۣ̲סͬλ߸ϵ湻ģ赽ֵزˡ
ȴûйעЩȡõĹԿף䵽Ужʱâ
˿һĻһ˷ܲѣĹҪˣ찡еʲôܡ
ĿⶼеĹҪ֮Ĺźεڲͬ


1094 ֮
еԿŹâ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥ鶼ͣ˼󣬰ĿƵĶŹâĶ
Ψףгȥס֣
󱩶ֲ֮趯޴ĵȥҪֹ㿪Ĺ״ЦӰֲסһ
֣㰲ĿĹҶԸЦ趯أ档
ŭ𣬷Ƶ趯žҪ˱ƿ顣ϾҲӣԷ趯ȻֲȴҲ޷ڰǣơ
˽֮УеԿȴһƺݺݵĴ˳ȥ˿ռ֮СԿ״ռ֮Կ׶ʱӿ޾ĵۣЩ۽͸ռ֮УռֳһȾ޴ʯţʯŻĴ򿪣ɲʹ͸
Ŵ󿪵ʯţ¶ȴͣ˱Ķ㣬ǺƱӵģȻѡ·ǾһҪ
Էв㵱ûŲĹ֮оͼȥ·ҲĹӿȥ
Ĺ֮пޱȣоһС硣СУŸɫĵܣⶼλӵƷ㿴һŵĵܣ㵹̲סǰıٸ
ŨԪе˲ɸ̾˷ܡеԪŨԪǣǶһƮƮɵĸоԭͣľ磬ҲͻƵơ
һأ۾ȣһ£ܱȵһˡ˿ʼУʼ
˾ܾԪŨ񣬵ȴûоϲε˵ԪŨ񲢲ܰʲô
˴һܣŲٵĴţҲ֪ŲͨĹĺġ𰸺ܿ˸ˡӽĹ֮󣬾ֱߵһţǸȥ
׷ȥĲҲ׷ȥİˣ϶Ϥ˿ĹҪľǰĹĶõ֣ñ˶ߡԸԲд
ͬԼĲ׷ȥһȣӰ趯£첽ĸŬĲǡ
ϤĹ֮תҹգŶԵε˽⣬֮ǰ
ҲΣ㾡ٶҪԷɶԷнεƣ϶Էܳ
ѲˣеɭŨٶʹ£ܿ͵һĹ֮ʱоһĪƣ£ҪնܣֻܽӰȶա
Ϣ鿴Žеɫ˱䣬˵
ͨڣ飬Ĺ˽⡣Ҳһ鴫ߣ
ǰĹ͸ĹɹҡҡͷӦòڡÿһ֮嶼󲻿ԣͬҲص쳣ءĴߣܼ塣ܲ򵥵Ĺ֮С
ĻɻȻ壬ʲô
ɻʱǹͻȻֲѹɫ䣬ѹȶ̩ɽѹоĪѹ
ãʲôɢˣڵȻûȡǰĹС
¶֮ɫΪӺҲֻ澳ĲΣϲȫ԰֮ڣػû뵽ǣȻĹ֮Уѹ֮ǰˡ
䡭
ֲ𵴶һƬնʱĵޱ޾쫷磬£еһжҪѹƵģǿɫÿ
˶֮ıܽһҲֵܵġ
ģŭһ׼Է֣˿޵еģ˵ˣټһĶֻ֣ѡ
鲻㣬ֱӰԶ䡣䲢ûжԶͱһѹ£·
˵ǿĹڵġǲţȻˣǽձӾ·
ӹмնҷ裬ȫĵ޵еϢʧһɶӷ緶ٴչ¶ţۿ飬ɫѩ
УһȣȺ͵ٵһģһֻȴҪԶԶǿ֮ǰġ¶һɹɵϢÿһϢļ¡
ȫ߲ʹâƣбϢоתΪѡһչ¶š
¶֮ɫΪǻ֮ҪСӦԡԽǿֳԽȻֻǴ澳ӣҪֳ֮ҲҪâ
ողǽɱӰЩŭ
ŭ֮䣬ĲҲµĺۼ׷ˡǸԭ˷ܼȴӴʰ󡣿𺳵ǣ߸ֳȣɢױȵưǵλӴˡ
ֳԤϵĳţȻЩۼ￴еȣ̲ס񡭡
ôˣҲûпϹĲڣۿ˵ǲˣǾֵˡ㣬Ҫ
˵֮䣬е͵һȣʱޱ޾ĵ۴ӿ֣֮ϣһɨֱȥ
ɫ䣬ӰٵңҪܿԷһ㾡ܱܿ˴Ĺлһûбܿϣʱ׷ɳȥʹǿҲѪģһѪҺ̲ס³
һСȴͬشһݺݵĴһѪһܵش
кȻǿٴθ߿˼ֱֵ֡ܵġԼΪӣǿȾˣڱܿ»ܱشֵزֲ֪⻹ǶԷһ
͡
Ҳ̲סһǿǼʶ£ȴױشǺεȿֲ
ٶȵͦģǣΣܵס𣿡ĵĿ㣬ǿԶǱġСӣʲôȻȫǶԸȴ׾ˡ
ˣ˵ҵĳ裬ӶҪظ㡣


1095 ֮
趯ȣ͵˺󣬶˵Ҫɱ㣬Ӻ㲢̫ԹΪţҪǶ˱ӣҲܡ
ȻԸˣֳϾ͸ı˳ȥ
Ļ̲סһһʼͲܺվһҪΪҪĹҲֶԸ
ۿ飬ŭһ˿档
ܹŭɫ˲ˡǿеȣվĲںߣ
Ҳû飬Ŀ⿴㣬ȶ㣬ӿϢ㣺ֵˣ
һȡ˶ơ֪ǿȴòԶԷ
֪󱩶ֲϢˡ֮趯ʯ쾪ϢĹ֮зƱãﶼҪѹ·鸩Ƶģݡ޿ƥеƴбӿ˶оѡΪӵ㣬ת˳֮һչ¶š
ҲƽǾ޴Σòԣֳֶƣת֮ϣ۲ϸ֮ϣ΢΢ѹ
һƹӶѣҲֵǲ֪ۿ㣬Ǽ֮ɫƱǣѹȥͬʱ޾Ĵ֮ƣ޴ȣ̩ͬɽѹһշѹȥ
趯ֲʷԵǿ֮Ҫֲ趯˿ܱշѹĹͷѡ
Ĳڿշѹµľ޴ȣҲ¶Ȼ֮ɫѾһֵܵˣ֮ˡһ£Ҫʬ޴档
̲סҪĻҲ㡣
ѹ£֮Ҫ㳹׵Ĩɱ
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ѹ£񷶼ѹķˡͬʱ£ɫ䣬ȫ趯תӿŶϣŶֵ֮ܰ
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ת۾͵ͷ۶㣺վ·
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ƴʱ߲ʹβƣĵͬ֩һϵɢͬӿ֣죬طƣ˶ס
ԭ׼뿪ģǴ˿̿һĻҲ̲ספ㣬͵ĿеĶƣӿֳġ
⡭⡭ôܣ㶵Ŀ㣬ƵôҲ벻һ
ͬ͵ĿбױĶƣԭҪŶġŶûзӦоصĶƾȻ
㲻ţܾöƲ򵥣Ҳδ뵽
Ʒбֲĵۣۻӿ֣İȸס
ⲻܣͬڣɴ۾Ŀ㣬ɫ
ǣǰһĻȴòšֳֶƣбϵĴ֮һԸӵĵز֮ѹһУʹȶҪâ
䡭䡭
Ʒâ¶ԭڵĶƴ˿ȴҫ죬ܶյѩ۽ѹȥ
͡
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еĶڶԷֶ֮Ҳ֮ϣѹ£İȸѹסˡȵƣȫûʧ趯ƣҲƵʧʧ
ƴͬͨƷƮС
ץƷŷӦȺͶƣٴλظǰģ̲סҧҧԼͷȷⲻ֮󣬲Żָǡ
⡭Ƶʲô㶵ĿеĶƣѹļֵǺεѾɣƾѹģҪȻôڶ֮ϡ
뵽ֿܣ̲סһҪ˵ĻƻǺε
һ͵Ļ飬㶵Ŀ㡣ŵĿеĶƣ̫ԤˡѹЩǰʲôƣ
еȣ̲סֻѪɫѾȻˡ
õȵ㣬ץסȣҪ֮ȴԼĵ䲻ݡԷɣѪҪǶȻѹס˿ɻᱻˡ
޷ȣСУȻץסư㾪ȵǣٹ֮УҲܱոյơֽüѣ
ѵֻܵƵʱŻֹ֣ԽԽܡƵʥʱ򶼲һ˿ΨֻһȱҪݻŷҲ˵ֻϵıƲŻ֡
һѶջءȴѾ¶һҪʲô
ƵĿ⿴䣬˺գ䵽֮롣
ܲ壬ԷѹԷܱεȵû֪ܺͶԷ棿ʱ򣬳ȥӻб·
ڵѪǿᡣ֮УĵλһǧɡӵǷûⶫӵĵλᱻᡣ
ݵ˹ȴûа취Ը㣬·ֻӡ
˿룬һʧԴЩתոҫû뵽Ŷ̶Ϣ֮䣬ͱһ档̲סĿת㡣
Ĳڣ˿ȴɫǺ죬ӿһˣǿԴҫˣ


1096 Ѫ̻
ƻˣа顣رǶƾȻѹҲܿҪǿ
ʲôҲʮɻ󣬲֪ƵʲôȻѹáȻľƵʱ̲סͬ˶ȡˣҪʵˡӣҪΪ׵Ĵˡ
룬㲢û׷ȥǴĲڿʼѰǰĹǴӹ֮Ѱٺö
ɨһ֮ŲٴǰĹĹصģҲŷǷգΪһЩɶڷȻҲΪõһԴǳ
֮ŭҲ֮͡ѰҪҳֲҪܽʩչʿĻԻ֮ҲнֵıǮ
صļʹڴѰδҵⶫ㲻̾ϢҲҪҵⶫѡ
ӴˣѪ̻𣿡ŲɨĹʱһͻȻ壬ĿֱֱĿһǺȻ֮ɫ
ɻĿȥĹһͱһͬѪҺֲֲɢһɹҩҩŵ۵Ϣҩ͸գȻ֮һ
ҩʣҲ̲סͷ𶯣Ŀ⿴Ѫֲ
ҩҲõһţΪʱҩˮƽ޷ıѪ̻ڹ˼˵ǲ侫ѪľҩʵԽǿﵽԽߵľ磬ѪԽ󡣵ȻҪ˾ͼѻָ
ﵽӲΣһЩѪܽʵָҪ̫࣬ҪָͼѡӵѪ̻ͬһϵľѪҲָܻ
һ˷ҪȼվѪĻʵܷһǺεȾˣȻҲû˭ôѪ̻Ͳͬˣ
ö㿴Ѫ̻ĿдżֳȣӰ¼ȥ
㻹δѪ̻ԱߣһŭҰ޵ŭ֮䣬µͷڵޣͷڵ޸ҲſֲϢӿ֮䣬ǣع
Ĳ͵վǰͷüͷͷϢˣҲСӡ
໡
ͷ໽УػѪ̻Աߣͷ޺֮䣬Ѫ̻͸ҩɽڣǵϢԵȡ
ӴˣػѪ̻ޣӦޣԸݼӲĹͷΪӲϹʱںܶǿǵĹͷʥǼѶԸޡһ߶˵޼óȺսͷ֮࣬ΪֲӴ˻СһЩ
˵ͷƳУӿơǶƴ˿ȴֻܵһӣ˿û֮ҡҡͷֻŻᱬ
趯ֲĵۣһͷ޼ȥ

ƺײһ𣬱߽֮֮䣬ͬʱɳȥ
Ӳ̤֮䣬űûޣоޱȡʵǺǿȴǿףһ£Ȼûö϶Էͷ
ѹϹʱڣܶǵĹͷʥˡǱֹҲأͷǲ¡ֻҪɱȴЩѶȣϾȫӲ֡
໡
βɱǵʱͷȴ˹趯Ƿצӣյؿץ˹ȥٶȼΪݣձץһڵĺۼ
ͷ޴ͬʱĽǶ£ļµ¡Ĺòס
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ǻʵǿϼǿȣΪӣƽ۾Ҳֲ˶õ˿ȴоͷ۲ѡ
ÿһιܻɶԷȴԷɲʲô˺ǿǲϵĺ㡣
սȥ⼸ͷȻʵǿ̫ӲսȥһֱκβǣԼʧĻпܱԷشĬĬ˵ð⼸ͷ޵ҳ
㶢⼸ͷޣӰ͵еĶƲϵ˹ȥֿݣ޵ĸλá죡
ôûиЩɶ˺ɷ㡣
㲿ڿͷǿᣬ̲סһۣΪͷ޵ǿȡҲЩȣѹΪʥĲϡ˼ӲҪܵõĻҲһ
ֻҲ̫ѶԸˣӶս˾öδκε˶Էǳֻ·һˡ
һ̲סֹһƿ˶ԷצӵĹ⼸ͷһ飬ȴδشԷ
üͬʱĿⲻת⼸ͷ޵Ĳ£⼸ͷÿγ֣ͷ͵ĺܵͣ·ʲôϸϸĴһ⼸ͷ޵ĲӣܿͷһЩ֮ͬ
⼸ͷ޵Ĳģһĵط΢ǳһЩԲ㡣Ҫ濴Ļܷط
ҾͲû㣡ҧң£һͷ޼ȥٶȿ磬֮һж˺ѣմһۼ֮޵ǳڵͱ˹ȥ
޾壬ˣҪֶΡ־ϲиȷԼĲ²⡣ٶ͵һᣬңν²ȶġͷʱҲֱֱֲ
ȴܲʣֱǳڵͱ˹ȥһͱ֮£˲Ͱ޵ĺͱ
໡
һֱδκεޣвʵıֻޣҲŰĳ
֪㣬ǻܷ첻ɣЦ趯ƿֻޣٴһһֻȥ
ֶԸֻ޵ʱȴͻȻ󺰵ãѪ̻
⾪һ㶣еĶͱһͷ޵ʱĿҲѪ̻֮ռһӰǱܵʱаЦѪ̻ץ˹ȥ趯ҪѪ̻ߡ
ŭҪȥס󣬿µһͷȴסĲ㲻òöٴμ
޵סʱ䣬ѾѪ̻УЦûգлˣ
㿴ʧɫѿ㣬ְɱ޶һߣȻǱӽվΣ


1097 ɱ
ըˣԼ˲ʰ⼸ֻޣȴû뵽Է˱ˡһֻδԿܵˡ
бŭɱȻɱ£㲿ڶоͷ⡣ֻҲľʲôȻɱ
ȥ󡣸֮ϢţͣĲڴ
ǣĲڼ˿ʼѰҪ󾾳ȻЩҲ˼ܿȽ߶֪Ѱ
ϢˣԸͱһɱţӸ֮֮
˾Ϊ֮𺳣һͲѡû뵽ȻҪɱˣǿӰһȸٹ̵ӡ
ǵ󰡣ѵ֪Ӻɱɱ֮ĺô𣿶Էɲġ
ŰӶҽɱˡʲôģ
ȵʱһ仰ΨҡҪԶϽؿΪĿ𣿡
ҪɱӣĿԿȶϽؿˡ

ΪĵľѾشƴǰɱϾȸٹ̵ӣοֶζǷܣҪɱ̸ף
ʱ¶ȴǲɱԷݵ̬ľѡ
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ϵһ㣬ŴźƵڸ㣬㣡̫
ŭѣ㲻ֻǶڸҪɱȫҪء˱޿ɱܵĵز˿̿㣬̲סŭ
㿴дЦӾΣ㲻Ҫɱ𣿱ӽվɱ㡣
㲻񣡡ŭ㣬ΪӣһɱӣҲµ
ǱӾҪµˡۿŶԷԭƽϵġǶԷȻԼĶȻˣǾͰ
㲻¶ԷĴţȵĳǳضңĴš
ɱȻ㣬֪һ˱ɱľġгһѱִ֪һʥ
˿еʥһ̲סͷۣҪһʥֱ컹ѡǶЩ˵ʥȴʲôϣͼ˼ˡ
㿴еʥҲ΢΢һ㶣ͨĴߣĹбƣȻߵ£ҵһʥΪ
ˣҪ˾͹ŭ㡣
ЦŶԷЦ֮ɫӵʱӶ£˿̻㣿˵棬ɡ
ǿƶԵĻò˲Ŀ㣬֪ġĿӰɱ֮ѡѵ˲²ܶãѵ֮ܶҪ˵Ļ󱻶Էɱû
㣬ʥţҪ˵˼ǲܵġǿԤϣͬΪӵ鲻ԽܸСǣⲻԼͻᱻԷɱԼ㲻ҲһӡôɱģοԼлѪ̻ı
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ѾϢԸǲֻ֮ҪȥʱȻȻʰ㡣
Ҫɱӣ²ʸ񣡡㣬ܿռ䣬Ȼǿܲ뿪
´󣬷ܡҪǳֶԿӣϣܵס֮·ŸںЩܶԿӣȴֻҪԷһϢܲӲˣа˳ɰɱ˶Է
һǳزҪɱһأ
ֳʥ趯һɹɿֲ죬ܽأһĹ
㣬㵱㲻ɣʤӼβƴˣͬùУһ䣬˦βֻɨǰȥ֮նݡ
һĻ˻ʧѣкȻĶ趯Ȼûǰߵ趯ò˾η֮ġ
Сѡ
˲˼£ɨβֱֱץȥȻֱȥץò˵ɴ۾Ķ㣬ɫ𶯡
䡭
βһץ֮£βȻڽѣѵľܣһжݣĹһҪҡγѺۡ
ǿ
ʱҲÿͽβд֮ɫһԼʵҪһǲܵġ
ѹŴԿˣȷʵ˾档ҪǿһЩңʵʵ൱ҪǵԼ鷳Ļ˵ϷһжҪϡ
Ҳһ̳
㵲¶ԷβӰŶԷȥҲ˼־ȻΪɱ󣬿Ҫܻȴġ
ŭ趯ʥɨ֮䣬ɨ˳ȥᵵգҪɱ㡣
ƳУ趯ʥ˹ȥײͬʱͬʱɳȥ
ȻܽãʥȲϡ˿ĻҪɱ󼸺ˡ鿴㱻ĺˣֹ
ʵҲɱӣΣ㣬ҧٴƴʵʮɣųȥ
ɫصĵסһĹ㱩㲻СӣرڶԷʥ£ͶԷֲûռ̫Ϸ硣
㲢סԷһеĶҲϵ趯˵Ҫɱ㣬վҪɱ㣬ı䲻֡
У𶯾һ㣬ʥ趯
ٴһζͬʱɣۿ㣬ǴżֲмҪɱӣ룡
ǿδأЦԱһΣ
˵֮䣬֮𵴣׵籩֮ò˶Ĥʹޱȡ


1098 ͨԾ
׵ӿֳ׵罻һ𣬽׵תһ𣬻һѾ޴Ľǹǹת֮׵磬˺ѿռȥ
׵羪ˣ趯֮ķ֣ͬڽĽǹ֮Уźصļת˹ȥ
֮ף
ȣǹת޵еƣһֱ䣬һ
ɫ˱䣬ʥ͵趯ǰ׵ŵĴֲ̫֮ҰԵ쳣׵ļ¡ȫ趯ʥǶȥʥӳҲ֮𵴣عķ׭͸ʥУֱֱĳ㡣
˵ľУɿֲһ棬ݣĹҡ޾ľܣҵǱ
ǹԭǵĹâ͵һ͵תת֮֮С׵ĿҲ˶ֱھըѣԭſֲƵľıݻ١ĵɳȥɫ԰ס
ǹನ˹ȥɫһ䣬Ӱ趯ܿǹһǹ׵籬ըԭվĵطݻٵ˿ʣһлޡֲĵðź⡣
ÿֲ
㶵Ŀ㣬𺳲ѣֱ֪ǿͷƤ顣ֳʥӶ޷סһֻܿ
ܵĵͦġԷܿҲ⣬һоʰֻ׵ͬһӿֳ͸׵֮Уٴγȥ
׵糬Խ֮ףʱﵽӣѾʩչ׵ǰˡ񱩵׵磬ҲҪͷۡ
㱩׵˷ǶͷƤҲЩ飬еʥ趯ֵ۵ס֮סֻȻס׵磬ӰȴĲϵĺˡ
˿һĻ̲סҡͷ̾ϢվȲӣŲٲడֵðˡ
ܵһģֻҪɱȴǲܣӶôˡ

ڲУɫʥ趯ŭ㣺㵱㲻ɡӾ㿴׵ġ
ŭУ󱩶ֲϢ޾ĵ۴бع󲻶ϴбһֱӰֲ֣ĵ۷С
ͨڶͨˡ鿴ı仯ɫӵͨΪֲܿȱͨˡͨĻսҪ
㣡Ҫŭ趯ĵȫ뵽УҲ˶ǣأ
Ĵ֮У֮両ֳ޾ĵۣЩۻΣα鲼ռ䣬ͬһ¡Щۻͬĵâ֮ռ䶼˺ѡ
δʮļµȥܼ޷ֵӿ׵ǰȥεǿԤϣ׵ϣʹΪ֮׵׵綼ʴ֮С
׵κε˱𣿱Ӿʶһɭĺ£ɻȪ
ĺУ޾͵ĺˮˮ֮䣬һ˲ϵıһ˴Ťеһжݻ٣ʯ쾪֮εıļ
ˮȥһ˴ء㶼ҴâӰܿվ֮˲䱻˸ɱĸɸɾĹͬʱѿѷ졣
ļ²ѣ𺳶ԷͨǿҪϣһ԰ش
㣬㲻ñӿ㵽жǿĵٴӿͨΪƣֲһ˲ϵĺ
ͨôǿɣͨӾûҪͨ㻹ԶЦһҪ£Ӿꡣ
˵֮䣬ӡ趯ֲĽ趯޾ϵı֮֮֮ն
֮䣬ɵķӿ֣ǰһǰȶȱķӿֳҫ޾֮ϡ
͡
ͨ棬β𵴣ϵӿ˶˺һЩδ˵ļˣ˲ͻɻҡ
ͨ棬βϵıķҲϵֻʣ´ĵ۷ģ鲼ռ䣬𺳲ѡ
Ӽͨ𺳰
ֻǲ֪⵽˭ʤһ
ڲĿУ֮˲ϵĹȥһ֮ɨؼ䣬޿ƥСķҲն޵֮ƣӭȥ
Ǿ˵ģĹҡβϣѺ۴ӴرҪĹӳ֣´ʱҪʼݡ
κβ㣬ٴ趯ٴαǣҪɱ㡣
κͱӶʵʵıֻͨǿȶѣЦֱ͵˦ѹƣ
֮УֱӳڱڵĺˮСڷк˲ѱڵľ˸ƣԭĺˮƿһΪ˺֮ͨ
͡
ͨƣһѪҺ˳ɫ԰ףѪݺݵ׷ɳȥ˴֮ϣҳһ޿ӡ
ҷɣһֳֶƣ磬ݺݵľ˹ȥ
״ɫ䣬Ѫ͵ķתܿһһա
˵ˣҪɱ㡣һٴһɨ˳ȥ
ŵ𵴣ߣܿ㹥ͬʱԶߡͨǶԷ֣ս㡣ֻһ·ߣ
ӴܣܶҲ⣬սĻõѡ񡣶ңҪӣʵҲԵס
ԶʱĲȴ
ŭ趯ֱɨȥֲײУЩڵɳȥһϢʱ䶼δܵסЦһȺϲҲ뵲סӡ
ǵס㣬ⲻһϢʱȥ㹻ˡ
Ц꣬һȴס֪ʱѾվǰˣ͸ոգۼʱ䣬͸ϵǰٶŵðź⡣
ŵǬһƺ˴ȥһƼΪ񱩣ֱֱѹȥ

ִֵĵɳȥ͸һɹѪҺٴ׷ɳȥ
㵱˶۸ӣձҲ˶۸㡣գӲ˵ġ㶢ǴЦɱ
ҷɳȥȫ͸ѪҺشĺңһٴ£ͫ͵дž֣Ѫɫ޿ɱܣֻܿһ䵽ϡ


1099 Ѫ֮
͡
һֱֱϣٴαɳȥ³һƬƬѪҺѿһѪۣشĹһʯϣʯķ飬Ѫģ
͡һڵϵһҪİ״̬Ҫ
ӶѣǲɱһȥɱΡ˶ηĿ㣬¶֮ɫ̫ǿˣɱĻȻǰȵ춼ͱơݣ֮ӻù
ÿһӶǷݣҪɱĻȻžķ籩
ȻҪɱӡһ󣬲˼Ŀ⵽ϡ
ʱشķӿɹɺѪҺϢңȻǿ֮ĩˡ
ʲô£ûеĻ¾Ҫˡ㿴ƸǶѹϣǾٲά衣
ɭĶ㣬¶⣬Ķ˵ӾشҲɱģѪ֮
ĺ£ڵѪתԭҵϢ׵ѹȥתһɳ𵴶Ѫ֮͸֮Уȫ۲ơ
ÿһӶǵõϿɵģѪΪѪҲž㣬ӳϲ㣬ҪɱңȴҲ㣬
üŶԷҲоͷۣ֮ȻǳѪ֮ʹΨĵѪ֮ҲﲻԷǿȡ
⵹˵ΨĵѪֻ֮ΨʵʥӣѪ֮ޡҪΨʵﵽӵĻѪ֮ȻҪ󡣱ϾΨĵѪ֮צ
ҪܶѪ֮ĻҲѪֲҪɱ󲢲ڻ¡Ѫǣ̫ҶáԿ󱩶Ѫ֮Ҳͷޱȡ
Ҫɱӣ룡ŭѪĵ£ɹɵȫ͸Уֱ˦֮䣬һǿ֮ǰɨ˳
㲻ɣЦ趯ӭȥ϶ԷѪ֮ǿⲻͻ˶ɱ
ԭҪɱҲȻ󲻶ͷȴԸУ̫ǿˡҪ󶼱ɱˣԼǾԲѹġ
ҪǣӶȵǷҪˣȵ춼Ҫ䡣鲢ȵƽƻϣúõĻšԭΪ֮һѺǴ˿̼ڶѪ֮ڰġ
ӵѪֲ֮ʵ£ҪɱѡȻҪǶѪֽ֮ûСǿȻǲԸ⶯Ѫ֮ġ
Ѫ֮ӦòǿϾԼߵӵģЩ֮ӲͬҪȻΪβѪ֮
һ뷨ǶĿ⿴㣬趯һ
ʱѾռˣײͬʱɳȥۿ㣬𶯣ɱӰϧ㲻񡣡
˷һϵ趯ȶֲ趯ʯ쾪֮˸оļ²ѡʹ㣬Ҫâ
Ҫɱǲܣ
ӹǷֶոشֵزŤתơ
ѹ˵ˣÿһӶǷǷԳʹǿƣҪɱһӶ
˲Űһս˭ʤ˭ܻ
˵УٴαһˣѪҲЩ
Ѫ֮ǷѹˣѪ֮֮սĵ۾Ҳսɡ㿴˵
ˣ˾Ϳͷ䣬˵ܷŹ㡣ŭʥٴ趯ֱҪ
µʱڣֻЩȶѡ㵱Ϊκε˱𣿡ЦӾʶһ£ӵһСվͰѪ֮ѹˡ
˵֮䣬ȫȫֳۻģĽһ׭Щ׭ϵķ׭Ӧ
Ǵ漶ӵĵ壬ȻȲϴɵĵ塣ҲޱȣѾ֪Ŷٵ׭ˣı鲼ȫļ¡
Щ׭ȴȫ֣֮еķ׭Ӧжٷ׭վӿֳٷ׭
֮Ŷ֮飬ɽŶ
˵֮䣬޾ķ׭ϵĽ֮䣬ɽ︡ǰͬһҫɽӻۼ
ɽӻĪǰˮһ㹴նɽľ棬ķ׭ɽ
ǰķ׭ֻܼ򵥵۳ɽӣǴ˿еķ׭ȫܹճһȽϸӵɽͼˡ⹴֮䣬һѹصϢɨ
ʲô˿ǰճɽͼо治ѡ֪ʲôȻ÷׭ճɵġ
ɽͼ𵴳Ϣǲŵɴ۾Ŀ㣬ǺȻ֮ɫɴ۾ŵĿ㣺ͨ
дźȻ֮ɫƽˣһͨͼˡӣѾ˼ˡҪն࣬ǲ۾ǰȴǵԤϣԼıͨͼˣоŵǬ˿̾Ȼٳһͨ
ͨۼϵϢȴ𺳣޷
ɽͼãȻһ޴ĹŶ޴ĹŶ֣ʱ޾ƴб޾ƴѹ֮ʹԶԶˣоһɾ޴ѹѹ£ǵĺ͸оѣЩѹȵĹͷ졣
𺳹Ŷʱָһ㣺Ŷ֮£ĥ𣡡
֮䣬Ŷ󱩶žѹȥ̩ɽѹ
ɫҲ˱䣬û뵽㻹ͨӰ趯Զ䡣ŶͨϢֲ̫ˣ潻档
ŶȴƵģӰܿŶһ˲䵽ͷѹ£ֻоԼ̧֮ͷѡ趯ͨҪŶѹ
֪ŶǿԼϾеķ׭ԼıͨҪŶɱȴѣϾԷҲһӡ
ҪŶһһƺݺݵĺ˳ȥ࣡
㶯֮ǿһ࣬ŻԵ޵͹Ŷһֳȥ
㶯Ѫ֮ɱ𣿽վҪ磬˲͵ǰ
״ѪɫҪѣɹŶ֮ٶȴۿֱֱۣܲϣһ


1100 

һҽУŻ񱩵ؿڣӵǿҲĺһǰѪģһɹѪҺй˱֮С
㿴󵹷ɳȥӰҲ͵ļȥ׷һϣżⶥĺڵϡ
ԷһӣֻҪûжڣͲСӡܴʱٴشǲס֪ûֶΡֲ˳ŽżӿĽУݻľʱҽҽеûУֻӿһɹѪҺ
ݻٶԷ֮΢΢ɣŲŶԷĺۿѾһϢ󵭵˵־͹˱ӡ
˿һĻһ㶵Ŀ㣬ǺȻͲ֮ɫǰһĻ̫ǵԤˣ̶Ϣ֮䡣ոջս൱Ȼͱϵˡһӣٵˡ
˸оͷƤ飬´һ޷ѹƵǿǰһ꣬Ǿη
̫ǿˣһӰȻϵˡ
֪֪ӴʲôӰǰ춼ͱˡ
ʵֱģͬΪӼȻֻܰܶԷɱԷ
ӼУ˭ְ

һ۲ϵ˵Ǿġ߸ϵҷϣ⻹ʲôġ
ԺֻʣλˡҲ㶵Ŀűŵ̲ס̾ϢףȻǰλӣֻġ
һİ춼ͱˡŻ˴۲ȴٵˡ㽫ҪԶԷ׷ɱ˰ɡ

Ϊϵ˾ξˣΪ˴ǵȴɫޱ仯һֱֱĺϣ˼ɱûһ˿⣬ҷϵɱɱѾûˡ
˵עУָһ㣬һӿУ걻ǣεץġ꣬һ漤նԷĲҽ֮Уֹͣ
ջĻգɨϵĶȫߡΪӣö١һԵȫ֮СаʹõʥѵѪ̻
Щ֮Ҳ׼ְ𻯡Ǿ׼Ϊ𻯵ʱȴ첻ѵһĻ
ʬӿɹѪҺЩѪҺûᣬѪЩѪҺ֮һһ£֮У۳һΡ
ףֻе棬ҲۿһĻʮɻ
ʬеѪҺȫУ۳һΣκһŵתһɹϢӿϢȻ˿󡣶֮ͬǣϢдһɲͬ㶼оļ¡
һĻҲͷƤ飬رǸоǹļµϢʱ̲סǰ˵뿪ɣ⿴ù죬ѪҺ֮һû´˼ɺйء
ҡҡͷĶڲ۵ѪҺ˶£˲ɡҵҪ˻ʲôֶΡ
Ȱ㣬ȻΣҲֻվⲻ۵ѪҺ
ʬЩѪҺȫ֮󣬻һ߸ʬ߸ʬ޻Ȼ˲ȼյĸɸɾлѪҺȴ¶һļ²ѵϢ
Ϊ˶ͷƤ£ץŵȻҪٴץסȴֱӴд㵲ѣĿ뵽ѪҺ۵С
䡭
ѪҺ֮кһԭѪҺ͵ȼϣһӿ֣ӿ֣㶼оĪѹһɳ֮С
֮кȻ屬˳ȥԶԶȼѪҺ󣬲Ÿоǹѹ˲١ȻѪҺ֮дŵ֮ޣҪȻҲܰѹ
ѪҺȼյĻѪģЩ͸ѪĹââ͸Ĺ֮УĹȻҡ
ãĹҪˣĹ֮е߿ŲϹľʯǼ󺰵ǺȻ֮ɫһĹ֮⼤ȥ
ĹҪݵĻҪӲȥǾֻܱС
䡭䡭
һѪҺĹâԽԽŨ񣬶ĹҡεҲǾ޴󡣾ʯ£һ˲ܡ
£ѪҺͻȻһ꣬꼤ֱĹ
꼤ûж룬Ӱ׷ȥ
Ҫȥ׷ĹҪˣٲȥͳȥˡ󼱣ǵ˵仰ʱѾټˡ
ϷһҲķȥ
ӲĹҪ׷ȥ㶣һЩҲҧٶ˼£˵ķ첽׷ȥ
һһۣվһҧ׷ȥ
䡭
Ĺʼݣһʯܶ˷ųӿȥȴĹȥ
ʯϹ£㼤׷һȥϵ趯һѵǰľʯķ顣
ٶȼ죬ʹңʹ£Ҳ϶ԷٶȡٶԶԶܴﵽٶȣֱ첻á˵Ĺ֮йء
ĹȻΣգĹ֮ȴסջ󣬷׷ȥ
ݵһʯϣһ߽׵ľ޴ȴ˿ûһ˿áǿףһ֮¾ȻѾʯ
㲻˾ʯ䣬׷꣬׷֮ڵһططۣǰֻһʮ׵СǣĹ̮¶Сܱ߰û̮
йŹ֣
㾪֮Уһֱ׷С֮УСһ̶ˮȻʼڷ֮䣬ǲʮ׵СȻľˣľ˺ֹɣġ֣һռ¶ȼٵ½½֮䣬һĺ֣ʼĵ̶ʱ䣬⺮͵˰֮ࡣ
ⲻ𺳵ģ㲻ŵǣǰȻһ޷ŵĽ
ǰһߴɣɵıǰֻоԼϻ硣
̵ۼӣһΰ֮С
һжԭɴ۾ţĵӿ˵ǣ룬ž޴ңһ޴Ĵʣȡ
񹬣


1101 ׼
޴ı಻֪ٹĹͳˣɸߵֱʣž촹֮ƣġ㶵Ŀ񹬼֣е𺳿֪
鹬һɹͨߵУı֮أ
ĹݣƵضؼ䣬ɵıΰÿһߵ顣ΰıͳ˵
һȺҲϵ¾ͬһϣǿͬ𺳡
񡭡
ĭȵĶз˾ξˡÿһǷֵס
ɲӣǰȣȻΪ޴ΰҺϵӣҲ֪˶ٹ
ľ仯߶֮£һѪȡߵֵסջͼȥֱǾ޴ĵڡ

ǻδſڣǵͱѿѪҺƮſڡ
̲͡סţȴǰһƬƽ·ʲôûзƵġ
ոտд߼ȥȻ˲ըѿŵʲôա˳̰תһ־塣
ĿҲתڴǵȻһЩߡ߼ȥʱһɨһ߸顣
ǿ𺳣ոӿûһ˿ĺۼȴ׾ٵĽɱһߡȥоͷۡ
˿ƽĵţŴʲôûУھ֮ٴγŵŶȥһ趯Ŷȥ˿ûֱӺ֮Уһ졣
ǵûţһЩҲӴ໥ϣСŵӿȥ
һ·̤УҪŵʱһŭ͵ЩѾ벽̤ŵɫ䣬Ӱ趯Ҫ룬ŭȴžֱ֮ӺϣĻᶼûУͱѿѪƮڵǰھӨ͸ĺ֮ϣĿġ
໡
ٴŭ֮䣬Ǿ޴ĵֻ߳ȫӨޣһë޴ޱͬһͷܡ
ܣ鿴Ŵӵ߳ȻڣдźȻ֮ɫ
ܣҲһڹżϿܵĽܣǼΪǿһ壬ԶޣֻϹ֮ˡû뵽ܴžһѪʵֲǳܿ⡣ҴԣܵëԽྻʵԽǿʱվڵǰֻëѩǼߵȼĴڡ
໡໡
˾ǿʱȴĺ֮䣬һֲ˶ȥͬХʵƫֱӱݻ٣ڷѪɢؼ䡣
ȻӰܿȴɱ³һѪҺѪ˶ŲŵĿͷܡΪӣǻ֮ĴڶԿѪͷˣͷʵ֮
ҲҿͷܣһηĿǣͷͫĿ¶׹ɨգ֮󱩶ͬͳԵߵã
ֳ͡ȵĶŵŵķ̰ӿһĿȵĶرһʥӣǺ
찡Ȼͨѡ̳ˣҪܵõȻһӣ˵Ϊ顣
鰡Ƕô߲ʵĴڣ
뵽Ȼͨٴѡͳˡ

˾һȵĶջûܵסܳɾͨĻǽ鰡Ѿ˵ķ롣
ǣгޱȣȴûһ˸̤һǰͷֲ̫ǵʵڶԷ²϶ѡ
ͷ³ĻеɻҲ˲١ѹĹ;䣬ԭҪѡͳ̳ߡ뵽Ǽߵ꣬ڸǾ͸֮ɣҪȻҲܴ
ڶԷĴûʲô뷨ֻ֮еĶȴȤر壬һҪܵõĻǶڹʿ˵һ޷
ͷܵǰ棬ȴû˸

˶֮⣬û˸ҿһֱһ˸ơ
ͻȻƾճϼһɾµ޵ƴԶӶһͷ۹ŲʿޱϢӴʻ֮߳߳䣬·Ҫ֮Ƶģһ޵еϢۻһ㡣
߳ɫ䣺λ
ɫҲ˱䣬λţû뵽Ȼﶼ˹
˳֣˶ڵأһηѣ·ĤһۻƵģĿ֮޲׳Ƴ
ȫϢȫסһʯ֮װͨһ̱ھʯ֮ϣžʯסԷߡźͶԷѺãҪöԷԼ˵Է־ͰԼˡԼӣǶԷʲôҪɱ׾٣ֻǾ֮顣
ȻҲ㣬ϢҲһʯ֮ɫصĶһˡ̫ǿˣǹӿ֣鲻Խ˳֮ġ
һŵȥ״̲סȣѵҲ⡣
ʲôʵܶԸͷ𣿡̲סߵ飬Ŀȴһܵӡ
׼ۣλǿһˣҲȵľͷ֮һλ⣬Ӽ̤Ρ͵Ҫȹƣ˵⽫һۼĿ
ԷĻ̲סһԷѹˡȻ׼۵ĲΣнĵۻʣ׼۾޵еزֻһľ룬Էǿˡ
û뵽ﶼˡ߸ϣƽѳУһΪ֣ѵлǵĶ
鿴һȵֻܵλѵȵĹ򣬲뵽۵ĲΡ֮أȵĹҲܡ
кι̲֮ס顣
Ҳûڲأشȵ걻ͨ¹ٶܷҲһһ޷ͻƵ۾׼ļ¡ȻһΨֻӡҲԭ޴ۣλѾﵽĶ壬ҪͻƳ뿪ȣȻǲܵġǴʱ⣬¾ǽҪͻƵˡ
Ȳܴﵽۣ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ĺ򣬶λһΪԭˡ


1102 ֮
λĳ𺳵ģ˶ĤڵϣηĿŶԷȵƿߣһһʯ쾪˿̣ȴҲ֮⡣
Ϊ֮𺳵ʱŭȴˣأǵͳߣڣ
λȻ󣬵ȴ޵кͲɿܵƣֱֱѹֻܶȥ
ѹҪǱߣͻһ̲Ѫˮˡͷȴһȭֱֱĺ˳ȥѹķ飬ֻܱŭ죺ģ
˿ͷλѹܺķ飬һкȻޱȣͷܵǿεȵزҺûǰȥͷܵ鷳
ʵǷλͷҲ¶֮ɫõ洫ʵֲСĴˡ˿̿ǵʸĴˡ
鶼ͷܣû뵽ͷܾȻ˸߹ݡ
ԭΪλɱͷܲڻ£ɴ˿Ҳȷõ洫ͬǿֲǷĴڡλ׼ûЩǴۡ
Σ֮У۲˵һĴڡλͷܣ⣬ͬһռĪֱܶȥ
ܻצĵǾ޴ϾȻ¶˲мһ֮أδʱ򣬶˵ƿˣ˵˵һһ󱲣Ȼ˴󵨡ߣǽȵ׼۾ѣΪԼһ𣿡
ܵļ˰զ࣬δ̫˰ɣ鶼ȵƿߡûôֲذ
ȵĽʷǵʥڶǿߺġʥ廨ô²ֻǱǷǿߣӦûи塣ֻ⵽ʲôأ
ȻλҲ֪˵۵Ҫ֪ȵʲôܣ
ܶλ˵ҵȻ֪֪Ҳһѡֻǣҵ֪ʵڽȵʱֿץһԣʵҪҵǰҫ
͡һ仰ðλڵ˶̲סһдŲŵ֮ɫ˵δֲ̫ˡ
׼۰⼸޵еĴˣȻϹŵһץһѡ⿪ʲôЦϹʱڣҲǶĴڰǼϡٵľǿߣ
㵱ۻ𣿡λЦ磬ֲѹ¡
ܵڴǰ벻ʵˣȥɡеֲҲףҪԷϡԵ߲ڣ
ܲڲ˵ģλͷ˵Ϊס𣿡
λ˵֮䣬һƺݺݵĺһƶ£ط·ƿ֮УӾ촹£âɣҪĽ£ⷽضҪ׼֮չ¶ţʮըѡ
ܺУûΪԷĿֲܿǺ֣Ծֵ֮ݻ޴ƣͬըյͶԷҵײһɢޱȣԺɱͬʱӿ֣ܵɽķ飬ֱӱʵķ飬һ߲ϧȼվѪԶ롣
ķ飬ȥ֮⣬ƺصسֻ֮пֲķ籩
͡
뼫Զű̲סһ
˵ĳٵص˶𶯣һ͵ĿգǺȻ֮ɫ޷ƥеġ
˵֮УһͷֵٴαֲԸطֱӶԻȥһ׼ۣǿߡһõָ㡣ǷǷĴڣ֣ޱȡٵصϵı쫷ϯʮĹâޱȣ֮䣬·ֻеһжΪ֮ǾսбֻҪһ˿ǻͷʣ¡
ԶԶ𺳵Ŀһ򶷣вѣֻоȫ鲼⣬̲סٴԶ
λ׼֮趯˫ۣ˫ֻ֮䣬ݻﷱбȣʩչɲڱʮӿֵ۷ģ֮ǵأǳ
趯һ㣬ֱֱ£ѹܶȥâչ֡
ΪطҲϣǾ޴˫ֱۣ졣չֳžĹֱӭλ趯飬趯ֱλĥ֮Ҫһжĥ
䡭䡭
һ죬߽սľʹ㣬Ҳǵһ˲εĴ򶷣ּ޷ģصֱ顣
ĿתĿ˫Ĵ򶷣̺ļҴ򶷣ǵİҲǼġѾӲΣǶڽ۾ȴûһüĿ
Ӿ۾ĻʵﵽǷĵزǸʱ򣬵۾в϶ѡﵽ۾޵еս֮Ҳչ¶롣
λϾ׼ۣʵֲ쳣ʹΪھϻǲλ٣֮䣬λץһᣬһһɰ趯˫ֱ֮ӱ˹ȥʱﶼҪֱֱһͷϡ
ܾƤ񣬵һ£ҲѪģֱҷڵϣҡ˼¡
λӰмһʥֱӹᴩܵԺбܵ궼顣
һͷֲܾڽ֮λӰһ飬ٴ趯һͷŭܶȥܾΪͬȴסλϣϧȼվѪȴ޷κλλţȼմ뾫Ѫ֮Ҳᣬλһֺɨ˻ĵ޵ֱ֮ӺɱȥܸɳȥشܣɺѪҺ
ǿҲ˶ѡλͷܣһҲûйͷ˵ܣӰȥ
̱ſѪҺܣͣǿûȥλ׼۶ôǿסĴҪεȿֲ
λҲ˷Ŵ˹ȥûܵвҲҪĵͳ
ǣһȺ˸ոմﵽſڣԭһϢܾȻĵվ壬͵ĺг趯һɨһӵ߸ɱķ飬ѪƯ֮ǰ


1103 ع
վڴ⣬ϻʳɹѪҺӿɰһȺ߸ɱ
͡˵̲סһû뵽˵»òֹĿֱֱĶͷܡ
һϣͷѾǿ֮ĩˣһֶȻɱԷ߿ϹѪҺʶϢңҧ󺰵
仰ʱһӦܶ˿ʼ˹ȥֱܶȥ
㿴Щ˷ľٶǴẓֲ̇ȻѾǿ֮ĩˡɱϾ֮ǰһǿߣƴһĻЩҪ˲١
ȻͷȻУȫѳֲϯֱɨ˶ȥʯ쾪֮죬ֱڶ߶ȥЩܵסһʱϰ߱飬Ѫڵţɺۡ
ڱһ֮ڲʵı˫ۣĵ˵ϡ
㿴ͷܵӰͷܾͷȥʬǺöڹʿ˵ΪԣҪܵõⶫĻƳһǿĹ塣
Ҳǿģܣû˸ǰȥֻܿıС
ͷܶᵽУҰĿ⿴һͷܣɾ׼һͷҲ׼ֵʱԶȴһȺΪ׵һ˼趯ɨ
㣡Сģ󺰡
ȻоһȵӰ͵ңʩչ£˲һܿһһով֮أһ˲
ܿһĿ⿴򹥻ķֻһվźƺƵһȺˣһȺʵʮֲֿһǵ۾֮࣬Ϊ׵һϢʮļ£ӿϢɱ˵Ķʮһ
֮𺳣֪һȺðģЩֺԼʲôڡ뵽Լȵһǳضˣ鷳Ҳ֡
㣡ӵɱģ˵עУΪ׵Ļ֮㣬ƸǶ¡
㻹δش𣬲ȴλڵĻʾԪ϶ˣҪԸ𣿡
ǸٶҲ̫ˣɱûжãǾ˴󲿶ӶԸ㡣
д鷳ˣ
˾Ҳλô͸Ϊ󱨳𡣲뵽ĵλҲûȻò˶þܴλڶУԼôܲ
ҵ˭ԭλڵǰôѵΪŵǸﱨ𣿡㰵Ĳڽ֮УԷӪǿֲĲڸ޷ֵ
֮϶㣬¶ɱ⡣ӱɱһ̣͸֪ˣǲ󲿶ӣԳ֣Ҫ˭ɱǵӡֻʱͻȻĳ֣һ
Ȼ֣ǶԸȻǵУǰȻ㣬϶˵ɱӵģ
ԷţͬΪӵɱ󡣶ԷɱǶ˲ֶΡ
ɱҪʲôֶɱɱЦдʮֲмŵĻλŭ㡣
֪ֲ֮߱ɨȥ񱩶ֱֲաҪĥ֮С
ֲ֮ǷͶԷмĲ࣬ӣǶһεԵֵ֪ԼͶԷĲ࣬ȻɵĺͶԷ潻棬ң趯ٴαܿԷһ
ٶȻǼģʹԷ֮Ҳܿ⾪֮֮ϣѿռҵķ顣
ٶλüͷһ壬еǴż𺳡
ٶȵͦģѹôˡλڳ϶Ц˵һҪΣվδɣҪɱɱ
ǵģǵӱɱˡ㿴ŶԷ˵
˿㻹λڵԣһզ಻ѣȴΪ㾪塣λȻ׼֮Ը㡣ȻǿʱʵҪԿλȴ롣λҪǶ˱ɱĻӶԷ׷ɱ
ο˿̶ԷͳӪԻ֮ͷ۾ϣλڵһֶˡɱһ㹻ˣٴ죬кǳص
ֻ㻹ܱ
һǳأɱ֮һ˵׷ɱ𣿡㶢ŶԷв˵
仰һò˰ԵͷǾٶ֪ҲòҪԸ˲Ҷֵԭ֮һ
λͲ̽ˣǵ㣬ǽ˴۵ѡټԱЧҵȾͲţ㻹һŵƷԱҪûУλڳ϶˵֮ɫ
ԷĻɫ˱䡣û뵽Էⶼ֪ܲ̽ϢȥҵһǳصᵴȻ޴棬Ҫ鷳˻ٴӿ
ɫѿλڳ۶˵˵ǲǣȻ˵Ļǽͱˡˣȥᡣ
˵꣬λڳ趯һֱ˹ȥӰܿԷĹܿͬʱԷһҲһ㲻ò˹ȥ
ŵǬ趯һ𣬾֮䣬㱻ɳȥѪ׷ա
ֻоԼĹͷҪˣдŲ֮ɫû뵽֮ǿֵزһܺͷҪƵġġ
һͿĳͻ֮ǲ̫ܵġرǶԷ󻹸һھҪǱԷΧס¾׶༪ˡ
뵽⣬ӰŶԷ֮мȥ֮һΣﵽ˵۾ڶԷнֵĿܡҪȻʱʵԵסԷԷҪɱԼʮ֮˾Լܲˡ
Ҫӣӵ𣿡֮УЦһλ˷Ը׷ɱۣ
ǣЩ˺һŭ֮׷ȥ֮ͬǣϾɱڵӡ
˿λںƺƵ׷ɱȥһһۣȴ̲ס̾ϢԭΪ֮˿ȴֶԷ֮Ҫ˵Ļ㻹ܵסԷ׷ɱ
ϢȥȻԽԽ˿ʼΧɱ㡣ϾջˡȻ֮ľǿߡ
Σˣ澳ӲΣ׷ɱǣﵽ۾ӼһĿܡ̾Ϣ̲סͬ


1104 
ֱȶԷ棬еõıѳһ·ߣ֮ǰŵҲǰһȺڣһЩ˾ССЩ˸ҪλڵĻ϶֡ȻῴԼ˱ɱҺõС磬СȫЩˡ
λһ˵ٶҲ죬׷㣬ȻءֻžŵǬңΣʹ֮Ҳ޷׷ֻ󲻶ϵ׷
ҷֿȥһҪ֮ء֮ϴ󺰣һ׷ɱȥڷֳ׷ɱȥ
һм䣬Ҳвٵ󷨣жſֲһ·䣬㱻̤СҵǣԷ̤Ĵ࣬öԷδ׷Լ
󶼲ǷƷ㲽Уÿһ󶼷ѾŴаѳǼʹˣҲ˺ۡ
˲ϵ˺ۣӰ£ȥ
֮ǧԸֶε¡λȴûôõΪնڷǾˣ˴Ұǰ棬ֱֳǰҪ
ŵǰһСˣŭһ£ֱֱײǰǰϡ
ܵסģм˲ͻѪɢ䡣
Щ˲Ķ֣ȴҲסƬ̣Ƭ̵ʱ㹻û֮ĳ׷ˡԷһֱĺ󱲺˹ȥ磬𵴾֮Ŀֲһ̱¶ɡ
ȻӲʩչңΣԼٶȱܿһһգһ
ٴαܿһ֮Ҳ⣬һ˵㵱Ϊӵɣ
˵꣬ȫĵ趯һޣ޴˷ȥļƣӰҪܿ
ǶԷƵƵģֲͬĳһ䣬ס·㲻òӭȥ
˵һҪ͵֮Ϻ֮䣬˦âҪ
࣡
㲻Сӣһ־࣬Ż񱩵ͬХһأӭϳâȥ
䡭
ײʱž춯صľ֮ȴǿףʹ㶯ɵסԷâһâֱӴϣϳһѪۣѪ͸ɹѪҺ۵̲סһֱӱâɨɳȥ
ʲôһӣǿһﶯͨԷһѪۣ֤֮ǿˡ
ľǿϵľۣһܣֶԷĴ󲿶ӺܿҪ˷ϵˡҪǸĻԼҪӾˡ
뵽⣬ĿⲻתǰǰһڣҲܲĵһ󡣼ʹڴ֮⣬㶼ܸодŵĿֲϢϢܿƾˣǻ֮Ҫâ
֮ϼԼһâϣһ˺ۣЦһ˵һ漶ӶҲԿ֮֮ģǵ۾εʱ䣬˵Ŵ澳ٽΣҲǻ֮Ķ֡
˵֮꣬ٴ趯㹥ȥ
֪֮ǴʱֵܵģһҧӰǰĴȥȻֲɱϾԼ취ҪǱ֮Ŵ󲿶ӵסԼĻԼˡ
֮ȻҲǰŵĴʮֲֿļ֮Сûס·ΪΪ·Ϣܿóʮ֮˾Ҫ䡣
û뵽ǣȻС
֮Цһûٴ׷ȥǰʱѾתڴϿգرãʧɫնǣŤһɹ֮ӿ֣ѾȫļµԷл·Բµġ
ڴǽĵţ֮϶ĺġҪ˵Ļ㴳иĺģ̺֮飬̤ġ
ϣô죿׷һȺλڵӿŻ֮ʵǵĿҲգѾȫž֮ƣϯ֮ضҪ֣ǵأ죬Ʊˡ
֮ϿűĴЦԷǾȣ˳󣡻߿ڴ֮У
˵ͷĴ֮ȷʵܵסġҪľǵȣҪǶԷʶȤ˳ĻȫʬҪǶԷʶȤĻǾ͵ʬ޴ɡ
һȺҲڴ֮ĵȴ֮Ũʮʺһ죬ȵˡ

㣬ʱҲɫ壬޾ޣЩ޲ǻ۶ɵġľˮ۱ޣǧΪλϳ֣нڣϢֲ㡣
Щ飬Ƶһȴҡصơѹϣʹ㶼оͷƤ顣
໡
һУ鲻֪ٵͬʱ֮ƣ̺֮֮ļµֲ֮ӰĺˣҪܿһȴڴ֮УĿܶûС
о㣬ֻܰȫ£ͷͬʱ趯ֱӭҲסںֱ֮ϣǿѪģ
͡
һѪҺ³ޱȡЩ۵Ҳ޾ÿһͷֲǧͬʱֱ֣ˣޱãɢļ֮һ޷ֵơ
޷󣬶ԷԺֶ۵дԺֶνд۳˾ޡ
ҧ׼ûѪ֮ƴֵʱ㵤һֱδзӦӣʱȻ۾㵤˳һ˲ļϡ
ͷӳ֣ĿɨЩޣ¶ȶ̰Ŀ⣬Ȼ͵ı˰ɾ޴
ͬһСɽľ޴ǰ͵ĺһž޴ÿھȻſһɿֲµ쫷ӿУǣЩޡ
ʱǰ𺳵һĻĿǰһĻ¶֮ɫ͵ĿǰӣֻоԴѣˡ
ģ𣿡


1105 
ǰһĻģһ˲ͬһǰ޶ĿУһͷͷޡͬˮһ޾ޱɽȥǰӾһ޵׶޲ϵĽ뵽ڡ
ԭյޣһ֮䣬Ȼ׵ɣǧȫÿСЩɵԽ࣬ӵëΪѩ޶ɸɾ֮͵СļϣҴһá³ȵ
㶵ĿżϵӣʱѾȫëѩˣӨͬһֻáУܸоֻܱߣԼ񶼸ΪһЩһЩĶéٿֻô˿̾Ȼ֮Ч
ֻЩ֮쳣ĻԾҲٳ˯ϱıԾޱȡ
㿴͸ͷӣֻһͷӣһЩڴ֮У鲼µĴһСģǶҪС
˵仰ķͷ˲мĻȣоʱͷӾȻٴ屩һͷϻСĽǰԴ˶㣬ʾȥ
㶣Ƿͷϡϣ໽һ˷ܵ˺ѿռ䣬ſռ֮оͼȥ
ٶȿ磬ٶ㶼ԶԶ׷ϵģڿռ֮Уȴͬڴ֮еһ֮쵽㣬ڿռ֮дһۼͿݾվŵǬ㶼ԶԶȲϡ
̫ţˣһֻʲôӣԿռ֮ƿشﵽ˳뻯ĵزռܱá·ūһ𺳣޷ͷӵ棬㻹ǵһμ˶Կռƿشﵽֵز۶ܴﵽɡ
ҲΪӵĴһͶ񱩵ĹϯӶɲŵǣڿռ֮д壬ÿβŵĵǴĽڵϣȻ񱩣ȴͷȫܿļ֮䣬ͷӾʹ뿪󣬴ӴĺĵС
̤빬֮ڣЩӦֱͷӻָ֮ǰģǾӨԴĥɰŸоʵ
һļһҡҡͷʥµĶǷһЩҲġ
벻ͨӵʲôҲͲ롣ͷץУĿ⿴ǰ֮УŹɹĹ֮ΪŨ񣬺㵱и֪һģһ
ĺˣ첽
㻹δ߶Զһĺ֮ǰ濴ȥǰһռȴſֲĿռ籩ռ籩֮䣬ռ֮𶯲ѣɷ籩ϣֲ쳣
ռ籩ŰһƻŰռ籩趯֮䣬ɽӶܱ嫺ܱиֲ쳣ʶΪ񱩵Щ籩֮䣬׾ٵ˺ѵ
ķ籩˵ʵﵽ֮ϵͷְɣһСľܰǳ׵ĸķ顣
ǿֲŰֵܵõĿռ籩԰һиݻ١
ǾͷƤ飬׼뿪бĵطܽʱȴٴ㣬һ籩֮ȥ
ʶոնԿռƿǼԼŰصķ籩ȥͷƤʵва
ѯʮֲһȥٴξȵǣӽУܶôֲĿռ籩ҪΪ·ǱŭĿռ籩ǰ˳ͬһͷè䣬ӷԲ쳣İܵĿγĶԱȡ
ͷоһһ˿Ŀռ֮Ҵ
ĿɿڴУӴ߳û֮ͷƤ׵ءµӣһﲻǿռĵۻʰɡΪʲôڿռ֮ƿܴﵽֵز
ţ֮Ҫͨ籩ҲֻܽԼʵǿͨÿռ˵Ļȴ롣
֮ͨأǰɽˮ㣬ܵԪŨճզ಻ѡⲻ𺳵ǣ㲻ŵǣĿ֮ȻһĹĹѾڳˡĹĲԶվһˣ㲢İλ
Ȼզ಻ѣ𺳵ǣǰȻһס
ڳˣһоͷƤ飬㶵ĿŶԷ
λƺҲо˵ĵüͷʶɨ˹ǵоʵʱ̲סüͷһɨͲ̽ʵֻ޷ǣʵƿͨռ籩ġΪֶ߽Σ˺ۣŽҽ
ǰôһߣȻҲܽ
λȻɻ󣬵Ҳûй㣬ʱԵѹ󡣴Ӱȡһ̣һѹ£ƶһѡǴ֮ӿġ
ԭԷʶɨ̲סͷƤ飬Էһ׼ۣҪɱԼǾ֮ѡԼĶԹɲǳҪлᣬ˿ɶԷֽԼ
ǣλܲ̽һԼȴûг֡΢΢һЩĿҲλףʱŷӿֳѹ£Զ
ⷢһҲľǿһѾ壬Ȼѹһ׼ˣ뵱ȫʢʱǺĿֲ
ƣλŭȭͷһݺݵĺ֮ϣձݣҪסѹһ֮£ûкֻ˺˼
һδλŭһ˶ѣ㵱飬棬ôκε˱ۡգҾҪ֮ﵽ֮ȽԱΪ𡣡
λŭ֮䣬һȭȭϵĺҪӿֵѹǣһȭȭȻܼѹϵȴ޷ȫѡλŭ
㿴λħƵ趯һɹŵҲӿֺ⣬ֲ̫ˣҡβϡӰ趯Զߡ㲻ȥҪǶԷͻ׵ѹ˵ͶˡʱҪӶܡ
ץƹλһ·ȥλʱҲûȤеϣһȭٴκ˳ȥȵ£ڳܲס͵ıѿ
Уʱһ֣ͬһźѪɫ֣λȣ˹ȥɾ˹ȥʱȴâɣһױȵƱػλȥ
λɫ䣬ò屩ӭȥ
䡭
һ죬ʯ쾪ضΪ֮ҡΣƺҪݻƵģľϯܡ


1106 ֮أ1
׼۽棬趯ܰһŰķ顣ľѣＤߣ
Ƿ߲֮ʲƣԪлճ״̻ԻͣŸۼҲŸֵķ֮֮͸յÿһ
ķͷ޴ˮ޵ܣͷ޴ˮ羨žԴΪŹ֡
ֵˮޣ㾪ȣ̽һΣգСеĲڷųԪŨ񣬶ܾʮʺ˵ܽͻơ
ųĲڿۼͬʱܵе棬һ̲סĿһճԪ֮ϣԪ
Ψֻкͷ޴ˮ޵üдɻͲ⡣
ˣ̲סʵʲô𣿡
ߵһͷƾˮ޵ǰдɻͲ㻹ǵҶԱ˵һص𣿾˵һӵв۾֮أ
ţɻĿôͻȻ˵Щ
ûش㣬ǶӺʵһҪϤһЩ֮أûмܡ
˵ͷǰΪܲ»Ҫĵͼֻ̺ﵽֽŲܳأ档
ӡҲЩ޴ܣǴ֮أŲٺһ޵ĵܡ
ү֮ӵв١ƾǾ֮أĵܺܶ඼Ǵġ˵ĵܣҲֻڱ𴦣Ҵδ˹Źֵޡ
ҲͷҴҴﵽ۾ȥ취ȡϰ֮⣬ǲ̽ܵʲôޡҷ˲ٹżѯ˲ˡδʲôޡֻܶ϶һصؽеͼܡ
ǵ˼ǣһصŹ㵵ĿˣҲԸš
ȣʥӶҪÿܽͺʸȡص֮еĵط
ƺҲ֪ʲô˵ǵǵȫǽңֻǵһطȻ󴥶䴫͵صأصǶ֪δؾͲȡ˵ǵͱ͵Ҳһ
ĻҲ΢΢ʼǰͷ޴ĵܡ
̺ܣû֪̺ʲôܡȾȻ˵ǹصĵطǣ˭֪ȵĴܻ᲻ͶԷŹϵ
ԽԽ֮űȻϵͺֻƬ֮У֪һʮֵ棬һ涼ܽ״ﵽ۾˵صڲͬ
۾Ѳ룿ؼжٿţ̤沽۾жٸһٸ涥֮УһһУǲ۾ļѡǣһ֮ȴҪ˵ҲΪ
֮أ϶ҲŴܵģҲдܡѱصĴܲغһ
ֻ´ͷˮ޵ܣȴûз״Ȼΰ𺳣ȴûб֮
ǵνеģЩܣʲô쳣ˡ
ҡҡͷеĵܾܸзֹʱҲûа̫ྫ棬ԶܵҲ֪
üҪִܵʱ㻳еͻȻſָҧ˹ȥһҧ֮£ʹǿһ˺ȻҧƣָеγѪҺ
ҲҧˣʹݺݵĵһͷӣӦòͬһɣΪҧһھ͵ÿȮɡ
һҲɻ󲻽⣬֪һֻӨ͸ӣ˵ɻУȴһļѪҺ⼸ѪҺֳķݣһ͵ĸܵϡ
ĵѪҺĸܵϣԭĵܣ۾ͬħѪ죬Ѫļ£עӵ۾͸оһɷĺð
ĸܵѪļ£·޾ѪȡѪȿ㶼ͷƤ飡ͬʱ˫۾һѪ⣬Ѫ⽻֮䣬֮һ޴ȫɷ׭ɣޱȡ
˱ⲻӿֵķ׭Ŀͷ֮ϣѪ⽻䣬һ޴󷨣Ϊ;޴ġн֯Ĳ֪ٷ׭ۣ˵ͷ֮ϡ
㿴ѪɫԸ׭ɵ󷨣Ҳޱȡ󷨵ķѾҼΪӣеķ׭ÿһϹŷ׭̺
ÿֲ󷨡Ŀͷ֮ϣͷŵķ󷨼ֱġ
ֻ˿ͷҲ޴֣̫ˣûܿȻҲ˸׵ĲСеκһ׭׵ɱǣ󷨣Լˡ
ѵܣ˶Ŀ⿴ͷһֿܡ
ҲҴͷĴ棬׭飬֪ʲôġ㲻ɰĿ⿴ϵӣֻܿ󷨣ܸܲʲôõģ
ע£ͻȻͷдŵ֮ɫӿһ͵İ׹⣬׹УĻУ׹ǣ󷨶ȥ
㿴ǣľ˵ȷܽȥ֮УɶϹŷ׭۵Ŀֲ󷨣Ҫһǻʬ޴氡
ƺĻɣĻУǰ漤ȥ
ȵȣ㿴ͷӼȥϽӰԱߣһѰץҴһȥ
ʶӵ棬ǰȻͷƤ顣㻹ѡӣѾ˲漣ٴһЩҲ֡
˿ȻһͷӣһͷӼ󷨣һ̲סǵӴôˣͷӶƭˣһһͷҧ˵ӣ
˵ɻ󲻽Уȴ󷨵һƬ׭ϣƬ׭ۣ󷨵һƫϡüʱƬ׭ȴֲİ׹⣬׹ҫۣҫ֮Ӹ֣֮Ƭ׭ܿһռ䣬ռ֣˲㼤䵽Уû뵽ռ֮ʧ
㶵ĿһĻһЩҲ˷Ҳ֮СǵҪҵƬ׭ʱȴƬ׭˼£û뵽֮Уķ׭֮УҲ֪ȥˡ


1107 ֮أ2
󷨰ɽȥ󷨴ͣһƬ֮СоȫˮʪЩˮȾϣʱоһʹ
趯ſܵĺˮȴЩˮǧʹԼʵʮֳ
ˮоȣԺһʡˮ˵ǴͨԴֶδģƽˮǧٱдˮ֮Ҳ𵽴Чˮȵһѵõĺö
ſˮиϺ棬ɽӡɽӺȫˮ̲סһҪεȴֶΣܴ˶ˮ
Ϊ֮Ծʱɽ֮ͻȻˮķ֮ߣ˹ȥһͬβһ㣬ƾˡץӣӰܿһ
ȴͬӦƵģĺɽӾȻһˮӿ֣ˮɳ죬ÿһ޴ޱȣ˺¶ܻסˮǧͬˮǹһĲϵ㡣
ҲͰˣ𺳵ǣˮͬʱ֮ȴҲ֣Щܻˮ֮Уֲÿһֻ񱩵ϢЩ޲֪жֻżˮܣһ޴Ĵ
һֻˮȻ£ǧ޺ˮͬʱ䣬ͷƤˡ
ʲôطǽµĶȴ˿ܿһδεĳ
ǾĹ죬ȴɱˮϣʱоԼͬشһƵģѪЩҲײеſھҧ˹
ֻоط֣ȻҲ֣ɱÿһֻޣڶˮ֮
ˮ֮ˮ¶ģˮܰⶫÿһ߶кôⲻֻܴԼϴ˵Ķ󣬼ֵ𡣿ȴֵǮƵģɱһͷˮޣܵõһˮ֮
ҧס޺ˮһײж񱩵ĳ𵴶֮֡УвٱС
һ֮أ㼸ѾȷϣӦþ˵֮ˡ
պĵط
и̾ΪģֻҪ޺ˮ»ǵõˮ֮ǳͨˣ㹻ˮ֮Ҳ԰ɴ澳ǿߡ
ֻǣж֮ػȥʹУٲά衣
ľٲά裬ͷȴ쳣ɣ֮е޶Ϊ·ȻҶ֡ҲͰˣ㲻ŵǣ޾Ȼİڵˮ֮͸ӡ
㼸ʧˣ㶵Ŀǰѻɽˮ֮ƺˮ֮Ȥͷ˹ͰͷƲһߡ
̲סһԽԽԼˡӼֱһƷ
ӶЩˮ֮Ȥȴ˷ܲѣͼһЩˮ֮ȫͼ֮С
˷ˣڶٵﰡٴ澳ǿ߰ԴһǿĹˡ˷ܲѣоѪҺôԴһЩ壬ˮ֮ҲްУȴѻͬСɽһ㡣
ҶȡһЩˮ֮Ӵ
ӼΪмĿһۣƺܱûƷľٶִҪ£ӻǶֵ޾޴һЩ޾Ȼӵĺ𶯣һΡΡʱ³һſˮ֮
ˮ֮ǧȫѻһ㶼ˡͼ˷ܣֻоԼҪѣˡһʺı찡Ҫǿ
Щײеˮ֮³֮Ҳں֮Сû޵ΧˮҲ̲ͣסһͼˮ֮ͼ֮С
ӲмĿˮ֮͵ıһͷϻС£㣬缲һԶ
ͷӷ·Ϥд壬쵽¡
һطޱȣ׵鲼ռ䣬̺ſ񱩵ķ籩лȥޣûһֻǼ򵥡пһͷ֮ޡ
ͷ޷ǵʱǡǵӶһ֮ͷļµ޾ȻڵϣӣӾǰ
һﲻ֮ɣһͷ֮㿴µӣԴתˡ֮޶׳ƳֱǼˡ
⴦֮ص̺գ񱩵׵˺ѵ۾Хķ籩ܽأһͬɽ緢һɽӡһصأҪûӴ촩ģĻȥ
ĵط̺ıҲǾ˵ġХķ籩֮ŷ֮۵Ĵ֮УŻ֮Ȫ֮ȪʤһЩϡޱѰĿʯ׵ҳ
صı￴Ŀɿڴɣ½ıǲǶᵽˡǴ½Ĳر⣬ҪȻؿɼĳоȪȪǴðģ
˿ɣҪⶫᵽһȥĻȻܰǸµһĹ塣
һ·ĶԽ࣬͸оһ·ķǷ
Ȼһ·Ҳûţһ·ϷѹЩ㶼ľˣܶޱȵıûпһۡ
ӵİһ·ûաѹһ·ͼġ㶼֪жٱˣҲ֪ǿˡ
룬ʱղҪóȥ˿ĻȻãһЩ壬ҲԶԶȲˡ
˵ΪõһԵ۾㻹о˼飬Уʱûһ˿ֵġ֮أ˵ﵽ۾ͻȻﵽۣ㶼úпܡ
ӶͣͣٶѹЩʮֲЩһЩѡÿͣµʱ򣬶Ĳ鲻Ըģ޲һƳ
ԼһԱȣ·һƵġ
ڲȡصıʱӲ˷۵糸ֱһصضȥԽԽоͷƤ飬бĿǻֵ֮סгֵޣʱʱĳһͷ۾֮ġ
յĵطҪӴţԽ뵽֮󣬾ҲٶȣʼСǰƶ߳˲
طҪɵĻãҪ˹ɵģǼֱˣҪֱ֮ʰи̾ϣ޸̾


1108 ߲
Ӵ룬һ·ͨĲٵطͷƤ飬ӵСڣһطһŸ߸ڣɽ󹵵ȵأľչ죬Ǿ޴Ĳľ
һɽ£ɽž޴پ߹ɽ£ﵽһصģʱ鿴ϼΡɽ׳ĸ߷һΧ룬İȻɷ֮󣬴Ϸȥͬһͷݷһء
ɺ裬ɣޱȣʹ㻹δУ˸о׽
һ̤£ǰӽһƬġȫһƬطʱ򣬻ǱǰһĻ𺳡£ʮͬӱڵЩűͬˮȴʮӰ֮⣬ܵĵ۷Ҳ鲼գĵ֮ʮŨ
һ𣬻һʥأʮ޴ͬӵΪ֦ɣĵ۷׭ΪװΣԸɽٵȵϣ
һ׳ɵأжоÿһë׶泩
һɵأ̲סһ䣬ĵطǹеʥضûаɡΪ˶𺳼䣬ȴͷ˹㣬ʾ㿴һ
㿴ʾģ֮䣬һȴһ߲תҫŹԵĲʮĽ㴦Щͬʱĵ۷Ķû뵽֮УòԽޡ
߲ʹתҫŹԣĶĿ·һɵصġ㿴һ۾Ҳƿ۾ʧǵĿǰĲ뵽һĹżϼصһ߲
߲ɳɵأɽӱӿ֮֮֮ϼޣ֮Գһ壬ɵʥ֮Чǿ汦
ԺһνܣֻоԼ౻ݺݵײ̶ȲҪΪ֮ȡ
߲ԳɴܶЧһʥƷﶼҪǿҲͰˣҪⶫƢºͣĻûʲôΣա
߲ڴ½ֹһΣǿᡣǵȴһ·ķţУţް߲ˣȻһߴﵽ˵۾ĲΣ۳ɷ
Ҫǣɾ͵ĵҪԶԶǿˡ߲ԶЧͨ۾ʮǿҲԶԶǿͨ۾ȥӼ۾ûһ֡
ҲͰˣ˾ò˼ǣ֮һ˳һ·Ƕȥ̶ʮ겻ʱ䣬Ͳ˴۵ĲΡҲд˵֮ͻƣ顣ֻǲͲ֪ˡ
Ϣоܿóǿ汦رǴԣ鶼ܽꡣ
ȵĶǰʱͲһ漣ܴﵽ۾ֵʣܴԼ꣬˵ܽԼӡ֤ĵӶ۳ķ򣬲۾
ǺпܵģЧ꼯УĴﵽ֮״̬˵㣬鶼޷״ﵽһܰһжǣȫĴ֮ʱпͻơ츳ҪͻƣҪͻƵ۾ܡ
ԴӼʼа˳ϵİͻƼﵽ۾
ΪӣҶǵ塣ҪͻƲ۾Ҫ̫࣬һֱ㶼ͻƵ۾ͷԣ˿һжӭжˡ
ӱӣ̲ס˷ȱ˵ﵽ۾͵ĴЧʵı仯
һС߽ԽԽоԼƮƮɵĸо
鶼ӵľЧ澪ˡֹߵ֮ԣץ˹ȥ
ͬܵΪºͣЩУɵ߲ʹâԭӿ͵۷Ҳʧ
ʮͷĽ㴦ſڣתС
ڼޱȣһůƵ֫ٺ֮Уļϣʱһ߲֣鲼壬ɢ߲ʹâ
߲̺ЧǼΪ˵ģԶԶʵ͸ÿһ缡ϴңҺº͵ģҪǿ񱩵ģһ˲ܱű
ͬϸˮϵʵ֫ٺܸоԼǿڷ泩ʱ֮ʵ֮С
걻֮Ⱦ͵޷ɢȫ£
һ̣ĺһޱȫȫ뵽֮С
ΪΪ򣿺Ϊң
֮Уӡ֤֮ÿӡ֤оԵĸ֪ǿһݣƿغ˽ǿһ֡
ͬʱ߲Ч͸У걻Ĵۣڷǿȡ׳֮˽Ϊ񣬺ܿͽѭ֮С
ĿЧϴ꣬һ泩ĸоָоҲ͸ĵ֮УָãݻУһ͵ϢݻĿϵɱ֮·һ̶ϴƵģ⣬뵽֮С
Ȼ֮УϢʼɢŲľ¿һ˿ɱ¾Ű֮սսصϢ׵
֮Ϊ;֮Ȼ֮;֮Ȼ֮򡣡
·ǲУֿأҪƮƮɣҪڿնȥ
Ϣִӡ֤£ڷϣȴһѷ֡ϣִڽ棬һǿ񱩶ִ֮һƺҪһеȻ֮
ֵϽ棬ϳһѺۡѺ۲󣬺ܿϾѪģߵӿ໽вϣ¶˻֮̿ɫ
ȫеȴʲôо֪ʱ嶼Ҫݻˡ
໡໡
ӲϺУҪ㡣ĽãֻĿ岻ϵıѡļѣϱȴ޿κΡ
ӿˣʱĴ⣬ִжȥֻ·һ
ȴ˿ûʶ㣬ڷĽӡϵĿ֮ԽԽŨȻ֮ҲԽԽʵϵĶҲԽԽ񱩡
һַǷգȫУ磬Ҫ߲޷ʼӡ֤Լĵֻ·һһУҪ֮츳
ֻԼܾ֮߳ȵһɾ֮ҪȻֻ


1109 ۾
ϵѺԽԽ࣬鲼֩һѺۣѺ۳߲ϺҪ㾪ѡ
ѺҪ鲼ʱӡͻȻֹͣתһֿ񱩻Ϣ
֮֮Ȼ֮;֮;Ψң㣡֮;޵УȻŭʱһѳʵıƵģݿİǹɿϢݻٵĸɸɾתһɻĿϢϵѺȻʧɱ䣬ľӨתŵԡ
֮䣬ȺɽҡľɽһҲҡβϢ˹˲ӿһɿֲĻϢɻҪݻһ㡣ֻһҲһأʹɻˣȴ޷˴
ϵãã׳ķģͬ󺣣ϯһ㱩ʷǿϢϢϵݱ䣬ֱ
ͬʱ֮׺죬׽ٴӿ֣һѿһļµ׵һͷ
֮֮򣬷֮֮򡣡
ӡޱߵķĿʼһ׭ϵ뵽֮Сӡ֤֮֮ͬϻʼɱ
ϵѪҲ˶䣬Ѫ裬ЩҡҺ֮ڽҪͷӦҪȻ˿Ѿˡ
Ȼһûк֮潻棬Ǿ֮Ľѡ߲֮ЧԼʱǣԼȻ֮ԼҪǵɹǳɾͷǴ˿ԼѾɻˡһȻûк֮潻棬ȴҪԶԶǿ潻档
ҵǣ֮󣬲ûб֮Ի
֮֮аѳȻȻ̤Ҫһʼ۷
֮޵ΨҶѣ˳ߣ֮Уߣ֮֮Сˣˡ
֮˳д𣡡
֮򣡿ɰǧˮ˴󣡿ĥ֮
֮Ϊ֮Ҫ֮⣬Ψң
죬ܻҲ

ĺУܱ߿ʼ۳ɷ֮͸֮У޾ӿ뵽Уʵڷ
ͬʱͷ֮ϣڹããɽ룬׵Ű֮ƣٳԽУ׽ٲأһжûУϵըѿǾֲҪܿĻ˾ÿһ߶Ϊ֮
׽Ҫκӵٶǿƺ첻Ը⿴һ̤һҪ׽ѾԽӽѵļޣǲϿɵıŭҪ趯׵磬ɱڴˣ̤۾ĲΡ
䡭
֮мһף˾죬âǣϣʱϱİ֮ϱǧģ屻飬ϱ׵ƣһش㣬ŷһľ޴ʹۡ
׵ѾǿһԸӵĵزǳֵܵҲӲˣһ׵磬Ÿоϵʹ˲١
ʹͬʱҲٴζķ׭׭֮ϣǿڷ
¡
׺׵磬׵ãһƬأ·﷢˾޴ıը貹âȺǣֲ֡׵ǵص㸲Ƕ£˿ƷƷס׺䣬ǻ֮Ĵڣ¶ҪɱǲϿɵ׽٣ֵܵҪתشɱڳɵ۾ĵ·ϡ
һ˭ܵסĺɱʹˣһҲѪģû׵ķɣҲҪ
㱻ըѪģʹǿҲѪҺɽǸѡ״Уһ׵ɣڲϵ׳Ҳϵ޸ʹ壬϶ʱķ֣˷
תĴԼϢıǣʮͷڵĽһϵĳ֮УһֿɼٶʵУҲԳɷ
ʹ׵ɣһδεĺҲʹļ尾׽֮ǿԤϣ㲻ǰĴݶɽ٣һΰת£ǸоΣ֣·һĽǾͻᱻķ顣
䡭
һ׵ٴ£㣬׷ף񶯣׭޴֣׹Ŀأޱ޾²ϴҧ֡
ļ£Ҳʼһꡣ
׹ƣϵĴ¶شŭ⣬Ҫĥɱ㡣Ѳ񷣬طҡΡ
޵еĶ־ĳһδεĺÿһΣǿȾһݣ׾ͳɳһ֡׽ٶ죬޵֮ơķĴ£Ҳ۳Σ˵۾ĲΡ
ŷۣ֮ȴһӡ֤֮ķ죬ľʱҲ
׽ٲϽ٣Ѿ˶ٵ貵׵£ﾡȴϴһñĿֶεס֮ŭ
׽ںһһҹҲǿ£ڿʼʱѾϱ鲼׭׭Ѿ鲼֪ٷ׭ˣǿһַ˵ĵز
ܵķɲϵӿ뵽УΪŷ׭ǿȡϢҲ֮СʱѾﵽһĶˣ
ڣŹɹů߲ůһϵ뵽֮УʵǿֲģȻֱӰ̤һƿ˶
ЧǾ˵ģ˽ﵽ۾ȻͻһЩϾԼӲΡ֮Ч뵽⡣
ͬʱܵķӡԼϡʵһֱֹͣ
ﵽʱ֮ٴ͸֮Уֻ㾳ͳ˲ͬ궼ǿᵽһֱ޷ĵزҪǱĶߵĻȫһƶȥȴδܺľ硣
޷ͻƿ֮뵽֮Уĸɸɾ
ЧܶȫյġЩЧ͸Լ֮УҪա
ҩЧ֮࣬˴յĲʮ֮һѡҪȫգ»Ҫ¡㲢ûΪѹϲޱȣһأھÿھһ֣ʵų
ЧҪʮӼднٶȾˣǳҲǡŴУҲٶ


1110 
뵽Լ֮УʱѾǿᵽֲĵزʵʶ֮СľӨ͸˿Ҳ˽ʶ֮У͸뵽֫ٺ֮Уһͼг֮С
貵ʧΪǿ𺳡ӾӨ͸Һ굽˿̽ͬ˰꣬ȫһʱ䣬һּĿԽ
ﵽ۾֮ΪҪҪǿȱĲȱˡǿȣȻѾǿͨԪ֪ٱ
һ˻ȥֱ趯һɰķ֮ܣ֮ⷨУͷ·һһ㣬еһжƿ֮С
ΨҶѣ
֮ⷨĸоеĻ·һ㡣֮ⷨ£صĹܵѹƣһķ﷨֮ϡ֮⣡
ⷨͨ۾Ѿ֮ˡȥ֮ﵽһεҲԲˡһҲ˷ܲѡһֿԽĽĲ˴½ͷУ½ȥá
ңʱʵԻ֮Ҳ֮ǰ޷֮ˡ֮ҪɱҲͬѣ
еķĶյϣϵķ׭Ҳˣ¶ƤתܣһԼǿȣƾܿս۾ˡ
һ޷ǿƣ˭ƾͿ۾֮ﶼ顣
һΣ췭ظı仯˿̣ǲ˵۾εӣ֮ˡһգĿ⿴һԭ׵ݻٵĵطȻٴλָԭòȥ߲ʧˣһģһ·ոյĿ׽δƵġ
ͷȴڽӰǰÿһ֮䣬űڵÿڡ
ͷѾֲˣҲûа̫ϡĿתƵոĵطȴ߲뵣̤߹ȥӿȻ¶ɫĽ
סɫĽ⣬趯һƬſſһƬ֮󣬳ǰȵţŲûкܴÿһȶֻ״С
ŶϽʯɵġϽʯǺ䶫ǵʯǱѰϵʯ͸ҵˡϽʯÿһ鶼һִӵԼʶÿһ鶼ȴ֮ΪļӲ۶Ҫâ
Ͻʯϧ˼ĶǰȻ֮࣬ͷƤ顣ҪεȵĴֱʣҵ֮ϽʯҰǴš
һϽʯƿĿע⵽֮ϣûбĶֻͷ·ǻһʣʮġ
˳ͷȥͷڴȻ顣
ǵģ飬ƷһۼžӨ͸ӵʱȷ顣
Լıݺݵײˣ͵žξ˷ʲôľıʲôܱȵϣĵ嶼ǣϽϡ
ѵȵĴܲɣ㶵ĿǰĵšϽʯ飬ⶼǳ˲ģ飬òĿıҪǧ顣
һȴֻΪţ
̲ס˹ȥʱǿʵȻ˿κβš㲻ɼӼ׼ķ֮һ֡
ԭȪӼŵĻʧɫвϣܵǰҧס֣ƶš
໡
ʹҡͷͷصӵһ¶֮ɫǰ㣬ϵ㣬Ҫطϵľ޷ѹơ
ܶţɻͷӡ
ͷʹĵͷָָϽţָָͷҲ֪ʲô˼ǲ㿿Ǵˡ
ŻΣգŶԷ
ǵ˵ͷҡҡͷֹʲôȴʲôûҲ˵ʲô͵ıٴαóϻС㣬ķԣ缤ȥ
㲻ϽΪʲôͷˣǼˣվ˳ӡͷ̫أȻ˵ⶫǶȻĵ
ֻȴסˡ̫ˣϽʯ϶ȴţֱҪˡ
Ҫǣ̵ȻͻʥŹϵ͸Ȥˡ
ֻһеĴӦþͺϽйϵ껪ʥ廯˴һȣԲǳû˵͵껪嶥ǿʧŹϵ
ͬһ۵糸м䣬Զոڵأ·ˣͻȥϽƵġ
мԶľӲŻԵĺһ
һĻ㲻ʧЦ̲סжϢȻ³ɵ
Ӽݺݵĵһۣ¶˲֮ɫȻ¶ߺ֮
Ӵ㷵̣㵱Ȼٴѹһ·ϵıŸֱӴ㵽Ǻɽģٴγˮ֮Уˮ֮Упͷ֮ͬĵܣҧһڣγ˼ѪҺ֮ͷ۾Ҳ󣬳˷ķ׭
ҵһƬ׭㼤Сͱɽȥ
һڴ֮Ⱥ򣬿ͷĴĿתȴûһ˸ǶоĿֲûҵνУǸҳԡ
һƬ׭Ǵ֮з׭飬Ǹ޷ҵֻܷһ
һõطٴʵ١һЩ˽ЧȻͻˡ
Ȼ󣬿޷ҵŵֻܷҲŴ
һʱ䣬֮Ų˶ͻơоԼҪĲΡ
ʱȥ˿ͷĴδб仯һ̲סǲǳˡҪȻȥôãôһϢûУ
ɻͲУٴι졣
ӵµ⡣
ǰⶼһˣȻδ֣ǡ
ȡ
̲ס̾ϢɫҲЩÿô㶼ûϢ׶༪ٵĿ̫ˡ
ҡͷ̾Ϣ䣬ͷķ׭ı䶯ڱ䶯֮䣬̤һˣ߳ˣ˶͵ԭأһʧѡ


1111 ܾ
ֵһ͸оһļµϢͬһͷݷľȻûбҲһѹȸоҪ˳¡
һľͷҲоǿѹǿѹ˶𺳲ѡ
۾ӵ´ﵽ˵۾ɾ˵۾εӣз˾ξˣ澳Ӻ͵۾֮𡣵۾εӣѾ̤Ҫһ˵Դﵽ飬Ѿ߰˷ֿܴﵽˡ
εĵ۾ǿߣ֮ǿ߶Ը档Ϊ˭֪пһɳˣָֿտɴرЩõеӣﵽ۾εӻȫиǡ
ÿһ˶֪Լﵽ۾ģȻΪѾõȫ衣Ժһ˳Ŀǿ֮С
֪Լһ·ߵεˣиǷ˾ξˡӣҪ۾ҪࡣͳֻܽԼʵĳԽһӣļҲأҪͻﵽ۾Ҫǧٱû뵽ǣȻͻƹ
Ϣȫվǰꡣһ̲֮ס˷ǸˣʵǶҲкô
Ϊ۾ӣλѾﵽǷزʹܿҲ١ˣǰ;
ϲǰ㹰ֹϲһˣǲ˵һ
˵ͷ˵һһĵط
˵һеҲһЩǵطԼʶﵽ۾ǲܡ
ûк˵̫࣬˵߰ɣȥ𴦿֮ʲô
Ҳ˷󣬺ƺƵĿʼѰ
֮бĺö٣Ȼʱ۽翴ۣǶڸ˵ȴĪջİ£һóԸ
Ӻ֣գȴκβ㣬ܶطɨеһС
һˣҲʶӵ棬һ̲סһۡӶԿռƿشﵽ޷ĵزҲˣǣиĴҲãʹԲµʥ׵Ĵ˸о˼顣
رǣһֻӣ
ɨ֮Уеõ˲ٺöʥõѣһʺʥİʵʱǣֱͻƵ
ʥ֣սҲˡ
ֻıȴû˵õĵͳûм
ֻܷĶҪԵߵ֪ܶ߱ı̺֮ĶԼϿɣ޷õġ
һض֮Ҳʼ̡һջͼСͼĿռ伫ûǺЩصıһ
ԭ·ȥȴϤһ˺¡¡ľ졣ǰȥһҡػΣһֲϢбֲڴϣѿʼһѷ졣
㿴趯ˣλʱλȫǱѪ趯Ÿӿǰ塣ȻվﲢûƶǴȴҲӿֹɹɾλһ
ɲ£ǰıܣĳλ
˶ѣ㵱㻹첻ɣձһҪӡ㣬ߣﵽ֮λŭϵֲХ죬֮٣ȥķ׭׭۳ɷ򣬴ŴĿĵľ֮塣
㿴аԳԾʹʱΪӣͷƤ飬Ѿ
֣ͨ˿ɣҪǱ߱ನĻʵĹͷʣ¡
ǰıܣһ˳ȥһƹâɣд֮ȻȲǰֲͬźХݻٴ½λһ
ûо죬ֻӶܲǺܸܶ࣬оеľҪǾĻʱʵܱ׵Ľɱ
λ֮ϣûڡͬģҲλϣλһѿʺѪҺϴʳ
ҽһ嵹ɳȥ֮Ȼܵش
λȴϵƣҧϧȼվѪ趯Ÿ۷ÿһɫͲҰ׼֡۵޴ķ׭׭帲Ƕȥ
ҷ⣡λһͬӴķ׭塣
ͬʱҲӿֳ֮Ϸ׭֣ÿһ̺ǳǵصλȥ
䡭
һ޺屻λķ׭׭ȴ޵ϵ͸֮С岻òӡȫӡڡ
弡ϳһķ׭׭Ƿӡ׭ӡ׭˸˴Ŀģһ֮󣬶û뵽ʧԭƾ˵壬ҲһͨʬƵģڵϺ޳ȥ
屩һҲϯλȥÿһζλоͷƤ飬ĺҪܿϡ
ξͬǹӵһ㣬䵽ϣϳһѪҺйҽϵϵֵЩΡ
£شλλѪҺʣϢҵ£ٴһؿڵʱҽһ屻׷˳ȥ˴֮ϣм£ϡ
شλŬҪŬ˼Σȴûվ
Ȼӡ壬Ҳܵ˻ԵĴˣҪ䡣
ʵѪҺϽӡסѪҺʣŬҪˣô޷
ԶһĻ㶣漴̲סЦӴԶ߳
˭λЦоҪŭǣϢ˲һѪҺ³ı˺
Ŭ˫ۣԶһӵ껺֣λ䣬ѪɫϸĨһҰס
Ȼʶйһ֮ԵʱԼ϶ѣûзϣ䵽öԷСû뵽ԷȻܻųҿӿϢȻʵˡ
ҪǰϣǴ˿ֽŶƶ϶ܸĪвλң


1112 ɱ׼
ܴʱԷѾشҲ̫ԷԷϾһ׼ۣʵǷ㲻ΪԷʱˣ׵ɱλҲԸɱλڵӣλڶǡҪлᣬλҲɱһΣգϣ
ǰԼǿΪǴ˿һûᣬҪܳûλǶλڵĴǾ޴ġ
һ׼䣬ȣ
̽Եĺһ׵׭׵׭λϣ֮㾪ǣ׵λϣûиɶ˺㾪ַ֮ӦϾһ׼ۣǿѾﵽ˷ǷĵزĹϲëëѣκβ
λеϸҳֶԸɫҧǿһŭ豾
֮䣬ŵ˹ȥֲһж˺ѵķ飬籩ˣ㿴ļ²ѡϣ˺գ֮Уܿһ
գ˲һɿֲµĳ˿ҪеĻԾһңҺֻޡҪȻƾңζܲ
ͬʱλǿҲ¶ţʹ£ӿĹȻﲻǿ׵ġ
λشǿһϢ͸ңԭѾֹסʵѪҺٴοʼ
λҧ㣬Ұ׵ԵʮֵײУŬҪסϢȴʼȶˡֲ̫ʹʵѹһ̡
λҧżΪ
Ǻǣ벻λº˰ӵҪҹģҪͳ֣ûĻ㿴λЦӰȴԷԶԷϾһ׼ۣķȫӲֻԶԶŶԷӵٶȣ˿ηԷ
λһѪҺ˳ǺεһƾԵǰҫˣǣ˿һȻվǰֺȫǻƽȮۣ
ôλҲֻҪб£ɱӰǲǴҪɱҾվǰˣôҶˣЦеĿŶԷżҼЦλ
λŭ͵һߣ˹ͷѵ˹ȥͻһ׼۵ƾȻٴα֡ͷЩԭǼŭԷֵģԷӾ˺ѿռУӰд壬ٴαܿλ
Ӻ棬λʱٶȶĪֻܿʧУһٴ˿գ꣬ڴϣ𶯵Ĵҡ˼¡
ˤڴϵλϵЦݸʤˡոյԷȫʢʱڵ֣⻹ƴ趯ԶԷ״ɱǲܡ
͵˷ǰĿһ׼۰½ĶǿߡƽҪԶԶܿǴ˿̾ȻĻᡣ
ƽϢһͷ͵ı׵磬׵绯׭۷ŶԷȥŻ֮ķֱֱλϡ
䡭
ķΪֲԶԷ׼۵壬ҲһۼۼȻҲ֤ķ֮ǿ
ԼϱѪۣλ¶˾֮ЩŵĶ㣺ҪҶۣ֮أ
ЦһŶ˵вҰɡ
˵˲䣬׵£㲻ǶŶԷ壬ǶŶԷ˿ڡ
λϣŲµ˿ڣЩ˿ʮִĿģԭѪҺɹɣ㱩£Ǳ˺ѿܿеѪǡ
ձӾͰ޵ǣ֮䣬֮ҲӿĻ֮ĳԷ˿ڡ
ԷϾһ׼ۣʹַĹҲ޷̶ʱ޵Ľǡֻĺ£λѪҺʵĸĽǱһҲѷ졣
λҽУҧ촽Ϣٴˣ趯һױȵҪɱ㡣
׼ۼʹѾһϢˣҲǿġ֮ܺϯضСҪûӣȻᱻɱȴͬɱ֮ǰѾ뿪ˡ
λΪǿɫĸӲҰף۾ѡ
ⷬģӡ׭ӿֲϽ޾ĵۣ⽻ڣһ޴С
࣡𣡡
һͨʩչԵ۾ʩչͨʵ˲֪ٱһܴݻϢֱλɨ˹ȥ
ʹλҲоˣ¶˾֮ɫԲ԰ף


1113 ɵ۾
ԴʱʱʵžҵĿֲһֱλϡдŵĿֲŶԷ˿ڣԷ˿ڴʱѪģѪҺɽȾ˵棬ʺĿ
ػ£λҲֱ׷ɳȥһƬѪҺ
׼۾׼ۣһ֮󣬾Ȼδ˶䣬ңȴ
˱ɱ֮ĵ㣬ȻҪѶԷɱ˲ŸģٴһŻķû뵽Է˿֮УԷ˿ڱѪģҲֵѷ죬ѪҺʳĿġ
׼ȷʵֲʩչͨδɱ𺳣ҪǶԷѾشҪɱԷǲܵġ
Ŀһɱ
һƲ£һֲĵУλѪʵı۾ᣬ趯ѶԷڰ
һ׼ۣ㶼Сӡڣɿֲܱսֻаܳ׵ķġ
һ˵ĸȴֲǿʹʧȥ궼ɲ˴¡λڰ֮󣬾ҲĶ֡
ץе꣬Ҳ˷һ׼۵갡Ĺʿ˵һⱦȱʥҪǿ١
СӣſۣҪȻλкУޱȡ
ָһһڶԷ֮Уգʱ˾Ĳҽ֮ЦĿŶԷʱڱǰҫǲ֪ҪǼ㻹Щֵ궼յˡ
Ц֮䣬趯һӡλӡסܶԷŭ֮䵽һƿ֮СĿҲɨ塣
˭֪õУֵҪҪ֮ǰ㻹Ҵ塣ǴʱȴλӡˡҲС
ЩȵĶǰ壬ԼС֮ѾٵˡҲʱٴ۳绯ҪԼܽĻһжˡ
ֻʱ޷ãȱ˵Ʋ׼۵ķӡ屾ķ֮Ҳֵܵġ
ҪϽƿԷƳ绯Լ͵һѾԴۡҲ潻ˡ˷ܲѣĿȵĶһ֮УͼһС䵽Ľָеʱ㶼ܸоԼҵ
һƽϢһ֮ĿҲתλʬλʬٵˣѪģѺۣļ²ѡ
һ׼ۣǿ֮һ˿̾ˣһУǾϢܺХķҲͬһ㣬ȵһ䡣
иУԭվȻƱ鲼ããϸ£гռ䡣
׼һ콾һֱǸ߸ϣ˸ҴâžԵƣûǻᱻɱһУķˡ
ʹ㿴һʬҲЩ㱣оЩʵǾʵ˿ɣϢҪǴȥȶҪ
һͻȻӿź֮жɱȴˡܶԷ֮ǰشһϢⶼҪҪմȾ׼۵ѪҺ
͸ĺģܸһ;ϴϵáҪǣ׼ۼѾõصϿɣҪɾͷļ£ɱˣͬٴνаسɹһ
شģս뵽ĵ֮УĵӵҶ
ߵλʬǰѾݻٵĲģ̲סۡ׼۵󣬿ȴݻٵĲˡֵزƽĻ֮ǿȲϡε㻹ۡ
ְλʬһܣ鱻ھķĹһ֮ȥ
Ƽ֮лУȻһֻӣȴ޵ķ緶һ㡣ʧЦҲ֪ӹˣȻŪԼƼһ㣡

ڽĵĴ֮⣬λڵ˻ǿǰĴļµͬʱҲ˶Ϊ׵Ļ֮˵Ԫϴˣǲ뿪Сôöûг֣˵ڴ֮ˡ
԰пܣĴڣһ澳Ӷѣвѡ
ˣȥ𴦿ɣ˱Ѱ˵ҵöûȥǱĵطȫȥ

۷׷ףȰŻ֮ǿ뿪ǲΪлܻš
֮ǿ˵ۣҲϿɴҵĲ룬Ĵôֻܻɻǣֻȥʱ򱬷һΣ֮ͻָƽȷǲСҲΪʲôһֱȵԭ
һӼڴĵһڷǣȴôã״
˵һĹҲ˵ҪȻͨĲɣ֮ǿ̾Ϣһ˵
ˣ㲻õģͨΣӦý˺ģ־ͽ
԰ǻǽᣬѰһɣҪǵõĴУ˵һɳ졣
֮ǿڶԷĻĶ£ЦҲǣСӲͨ󣬾ͨҲܻȥϾҲɱġ
˵ӭУ֮ǿ߼ȻˣǾ߰ɡȵûСӵʬ塣
˷ܵ׼뿪ʱһЦӴӿ֣Цӿֵͬʱû֮һɫ͵һ䡣ǸշӦЦ˭ʱ򣬴վȻһƷ
ƷɳΪǰܿܿͷֶԷǶðǡ
һʬ壡
˿ŷɳһʬ㵣׶Էʲô˼ǵ˰Ŀ⼯еʬʱһȴʹĲ˲۾Լǲۻˡ
ʱȴӴ̤֮ĻУ̬ͬͥôǵ˶ʶˣ
һ仰ͣ˲۾Ķ֮ǿ߶ͣ˹֣ǶĿ⿴ʬʬϤݣ˷˾ξˣ˲Ѫɫŵɴ۾Ŀ㣬̬ˣһ˲͵ı
ֳѻȸһƬţֻԼҵ֮ͨͨܵϡ


1114 ɱ¾
ڡˣλ˸оԼ౻شݺݵĴ£Ҫ˶𺳾顣
ܣⲻܣλڻ֮ĳϴ͵ĿǰʬʹҧԴԸܼʵǺǿ֮һ֮ͷ쵸ôܻ䣡
֮ʹҡͷоԼ˶ľˣȫλϡ
㿴ʧǵĶԷҲ¶ϲɫ͵ĳһѳķ򣬾һ˳磬쵽˼¡һֱ֮Ҫȥ
һѾ۵£֮ϴ˿Ļѵáûֽ˶ԷĻ˾ͲΪˡ
֮ϱλʬ𺳣û뵽ͻȻ֣ʱٶȼ죬ӦʱѾ㲻ˡֻĿһᴩ塣
ܻ֮ϱܿҪϴŵķҲӿ뵽ԷڣĴݻŶԷ
ﵽ˵۾֮ϾֵĿ㣬趯ɢڵĻĻ񱩣ɫţȴ޷ȫɾӿڵ
㲻֪Ļ࣡һŤתٴδ˹ȥ֮ϷӦȻٴСֻոһ˺ȴƿڴʩչ޷ס˿ڣ˿йɹɵѪҺʳһɿ񱩵ڳ壬оͷޱȡ
Ȼﵽ۾ķΪѶԸ֮ϴż־壬ӡ᲻ϣʹʵҪɢڵҲҪʱ䡣
սЦеĿһ˵֮ǰǲҪ׷ɱھֵ׷ɱˡ
Щڴ֮ǰ𺳺ʧлָſ񱩵ķӿ֣ͬΪ֮Ŀ˭Ҳû뵽˲ûͻƵ۾
Ȼ㣬ǸԸ֪ԼģЩ˴ʱӦ춼ҪλΪ׼ۣô䣿
֮˵ĵȴģһԲ۾㣺ɱǵɱͽͽҲλຣˡ
ɱģ֮϶˲ѹӿѪҺ˿ˣԲ۾㣬𺳶˼顣
ɱӣѵӻɱɣ㶢ŶԷЦһǡ
˷˾ξˣɫĿ㣬޷Ľһ׼ۣȻСɱ׼۵ֶΣ
̲ס˺Һˡ˶ɱˣǶ֣
һ˺Цһг͵˳ȥһһϡĻᶼûУͱ㶤УѪҺ˳ųȾµʯĿġ
۴ɱʲţɱˡ֮ϺУɢӿڵĿ֮
ЩҲӦҲǿУЩ۴㣬ӿֲֳʵȥ۽ֲ죬ɱһ۾
֮ǰ㻹ĪǶԴʱȴδһ˿ãδ֮ߣڱв·һѡ
˵֮䣬еĳ趯򣬴ѹƿصķֱһ߶ȥ
ӿ֣˵Ԥϡ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˿񱩶֣Ƿˣȴܲķ򡣼Ľϣʱ˱գĲ岻
͡
ⱻ֮УһǴ涥⿴λһ˺ֱӿԺоͷƤ飬һ⣡
֮Ҳδ뵽ǿֵز֮ҲӦЩ˴󺰵ҪͶԷ潻棬۴󣬽֮
˵֮Ҳ˲Լƣ֡ҲˣĲ֮УȥԼֵܵʱ㣬˸Ķ֡
㲢ûкͶԷֵ˼ӰܿĻ֮ǿߣһһߣһᴩԷԺѪܣĿģĽѪҺϴӽ
һĻ˶һǲƵĴӽŵԺӿȥ
ɱһ֮ٴӰһɱ˹ȥѪʺĿⳡĳ趯£ϵ֡ЩӣӲ
֮ĳҲȻӰǰҪסɱ¾Сٶȣ˲ɱߡ
һϵλȷʵ࣬һɱ¾ȴкȻĿ趯֮䣬ͬһոǵ
Ѫܵĳ棬Ƕ쬣鲼ȫܣʼ
˭ӣ˭
һߵ˲䱻һɱ廯Ѫɢʯϡ
һǿ壬ѹֵҪϢԭӴܵߣҲ͵ֹס˽Ų
޷ǣǵƽһ֮ﶼҪ˼ɡڶԷУ·˿𲻵ãԷ۳Ļᣬÿһγּ䶼ܴǵӪ
գΡȻֱֱĶλڵ˺ȵԻ߻ҪȻ
ǿƵĻɫҪϵǵҪɱǡܽһҧĶ㣿
ôԸ⣿㵭ĿЩˣɱȻЩȻ֣Է׷ĵӴܣǶǵá
ʮʮӶеһ㶼Ҫֻ
ҪǲԸ⣬ǱӾͳȫǡӿȫķ򱩶ֲķһ㣬Ƭռ䡣Ƭռ֮Уȥķܵѹơ˳߲Ĺ¶ɡ
ֱַϢû֮϶ɫ˱䣬ķ̫ǿˣʲôȻΪ֮õģ
ϣ۳ֲɱƬƬ׺׺ֱɨ
һ׵λЩ߶˹ȥ֮ϿһʵǵסֻܿӿŰλڵߡ
Щڱǰҫ˿ȴûܵס׵繥һѪɢ䣬ؼ䡣һƬʯذ嶼ȾһʺѪҺѪҺʣСϪ
ɱңԸԷߺУ˷Ѿ˵ӡ
㣡λڳϴǳޣ˻ߣѾϵˣ趯Ķˣ֮Ʊ¶š


1115 ҥԣ
һٴδ̴һ˵ԹǣѪŻ֮ϲƳǴżЦңαܿԷһٴμߣͶԷ潻档
Щɱ¾ˣǲԷһɱ¾¡۾ǿ߶ɱλһ˱ɱ߰˰֮ŰĿ⿴֮ϡ
֮Ͽ㣬дɨһܣλˣѾ˴룬һ˿ˣ۾Ѫ졣
㿴ϱԼ̳˿ڣǴżֲм˵㻹ǵĵԼɡӵķӺɾģɾҪǷڿ񱩵ĻҲùѪҪ
Ļ֮ɫ˱䡣˵ĻʵĿǿ̫Ԥˣ޷ɢŰȥǻᱻش
㲻ҪͱӴ𣿱ͺ򡣡Ц趯ӿ֣һŤռ䣬ĪֱŶԷɨ˹ȥ
ʾ֮гһѳǹǹбָ㣬ĳǹŵۣ۴ļµֱӾ㣬ռ䱻һڵĺۼ·ռ䶼˺һ㡣
ЦֱӭȥʮҲкɽ֮ͶԷĳǹײһ˲䱻ݻ٣״ӰϽˣܿ˳ǹ塣
֮Ѿﵽ˷һΣԲŻƺΪʡűʵ㾡ǿƣڻ֮ǰźܴĲࡣ
㲢¶ԷԷĳǹɨӰǹᴩӰ
ӵһʱӵһ𣿡֮ߣǹɨֱҪеĳ˳ȥ˲䱻̵ķ飬Ƭ䵽ȥ
㲻Էļֻǵ˵㵱ӻǴ澳𣿻ᱻ׷ɱĵӴܣ׷ɱӣȴ񣡡
ﵽ۾֮ʵŷǷܴܲɱɻʡҲ۸ģ
Ҳûʵ۶Ϊ֮Ŀ
һƴ˳ȥŵǬŤת֮ķ֮޵ɱǻ֮϶Сӣ˼סһ
Ǿһ׼ٴζֵʱȴټˡȴ޿κΡԷٶ̫죬Ϊ֮ҪסԷƶԷּ
Ȼûкͻ֮ǿ潻˼Է趯ӰܿǶԷֻҪһͣ趯ֱӺȥȲöԷҲͶԷ潻֣ȫŻ֮ϡ
ٶ֮ȫ⡣̵ˣҰΪ֮ļµķ֮ڣɷŰ塣ȥԼҪԿġԷҪԼ
֮Ϻ޵ֱҧҪһʼͱشԷô׵ıܿĹô׵ǣ˿ȴֻܴڱˡ
ȥˡ֮һ˿ڴʳĹɹѪҺٲ취ķڣ㽫Ȭ°
ο£ֻҪֳƣ̬֮˿չĹɱʱʲôסΧɱ
뵽⣬֮ҧͣΧ㡣ű㶪һʬһʬߣ˺ѿռ䣬ûռʧ
ԷȻ룬̲סһ䣬Ҳûȥ׷Էһ֮ǿߣ޷ƾԼʵɱҪǴ˴ΪλʧԼ͵Ϯ֣Ըһ֮ûôɡ
ҪɱλôߣҲ
㿴صѪˮʬʱ¶һɫԸλش˰ɡˣôмǿҲˡ˵ȵĶҪ
ĿµһλɨЩ˺֡һȻĿ㣡֮϶ˣǻʲôԷҪɱǵĻǾ֮Ͷѡ
Ҳû˼ɱǣĿ⿴ǵ˵ȥȸ鷳Ҫ׼Ҫұ鷳ҲҪܵסۡλھӣ
ȳǰҫһȺ˿
ȻȥνĴҲοҵ˶ҲáûκμֵԡȻٵ뿪
֮֮˶㶵Ŀ㣬һôûλǴŴ󲿶ǰȥ׷ɱ裿ѵܱԷˣ
찡һδ̫˰ɣ
˵ľ֮̾Уܿ˷ŷĲòʧ㵣ѵѵдﵽ˵۾ɣ
пܣҪ˵ĻӶԷ󲿶ΧɱǺпܵġ
۾Ӽﰡ׷߰ɡ˵Щ֮׷
ǵǲܣϾλڣЩ֮ǿ߸ֺλΪУ
ţÿһ֮¼ڰģǲվӡ
۷׷ףǵûӰ㣬ӰʧǵУٶȿ硣ٶΪ֮ѡ
뿪󲻾ãл߳һˣһǱѪҺһȺ֮дϢ΢ϵ
ǵȴ˿Էݣⲻȥ׷ɱλڲڳԱôˣѵˣ
סǽȥôˣȴֻһС顣ʲô飿
ɡոĳԷȴǱ߳ѵ
˲²ⲻѣǺܿǾһǿЦϢλɱˣһһͷޣ
ʧ̲֮סЦһȺǲλڵ˰Ȼλɣ
ѵĶ磬ӵ׿ĶԷҥֻҥҲ̫û˰ɡ
˱ĲѣԽԽ޳ˣ֪ҥϢҲ˵λʲôˣȵǿ֮һôģԼѡȻĵҥԷɱ˭Ű
˱ʱȴĿڵ⼸λλڵˡ
ǿվǰһλλڵĴԪϣ涥λĹΪ°
λŵԪϣҲλڵһպ߽ǿߡ
λһС˱ȷ֮һ㵲ѣͻȻӿһҲŵ뷨
ѵλǱɱˣ
Ϣһӿ֣ͱ˸ҡСʲôЦλ˵ɱ˶춯ص飬ǲܷġ
ֻǣ޷ǣһӶλĹˣΪʲô˵һҥԣ


1116 ӷ
λһȺ˳֮󣬸Ϣǿе֪
λڵĴ󲿶ӱˡ
λڻ֮ϱشˡ
λնɱˣ

һϢӿ֣һδػȻܶҲԸϢֻ޷ΪʲôλһȺм˵
ȻҲһСѡǰϢоǿǶնɱλȴšϾ̫˷˼ˡ
Ϣֱλڻ֮ϴλʬصŲ𺳣˵ٴμеϡ
ѵɱλ
뷨ͷӿֻ֣оľˡܿǾ͸Լ˽ڣ᲻ɱλðʬԡ
²ҲܿƷˣλڶǿ߲̽λʬȷʵ㷨Ϣͨɱġ
ϢһȥʱطƱãΪ֮ȫӲľȿʼµ㣬ľηԸӵĵز
ʹȵǿҲȳ׵𶯡
һǿߣȵǿ֮һУϢͬХһκһûһʶġ
ɵӰֱӳԽϽؿ񣬶ϽؿȻȻȶסǡȴûɱȵǿߡ
û뵽Ľ죬Ȼ˾֮١
찡ǿ׼ǿ߰ȵǿ֮һ
˶ϢУ˻ǲԸţǷıλţڼʶλɴʬ֮һ˷񡣻޻
ΪϢ˰ߵԸӵĵز˭޷ǹķâ˿ʼȺӵҪĲУԿ
Щ˵Уպľͷ˴ԣһЩ֮ľǿߣҲʾԸ㡣
ϯȵķ籩ԽԽ񣬿Ϊ籩ĵȴʧ˵У˭ҲӰӡ
ȻλҪɱΪӣΪλ𡣿ǲ֮Աǣɱˡǻܷʲôˣοʱ˼ҺƣֻҪǸһȻǧǿ׷棬ûλλڣȷܵס˼ҵΧɱ
ολڵ˶ţ˿ûλ壬ЩҲͲסįȥɡ£ʰ˼㣿
λвͬʱֲɸ̾˭뵽һΪɣ͵һ߶ͬ˵ߣ֮
ʱλȻûȫ𣬿ȴҲˣȺۻ֮Уܴã
ۣ㣡
ͻȻһ仰֮˲㡣˶仰ΪȻλھһܺõӡ
Ϊɹɷ籩ͬʱΨĺȴЦѡǴ˴ȵõһʵӲֻһֻҪ̤һܳɾӡ
ԭΪһЩǺľˣǳȴһϢǲû˫ľ룬Զˡ
һԶԶ˫ľ룬Ī
̤˴棬˵۾ɾ˵۾ӣһֿԽĽҸǴ˶Էնɱ׼۵ϢȻ֪ġ
ôǾ޴ģʱȶΪ
ΨĺΪ֮ЦͬʱЦʥӣʱҲ˫շ̡˵ΪǺݺݵ˦Ƕ⡣ڽȵʱΨҵĺʯʱÿһ˶Ϊ֮Цʱȴȫˡ
һʼӡ֤Լĵһʼη塣Ϊˣߵ̶ֳȰɡ
˸̾ǲ˻δɱ˾̫ӶġӴʱȣþ֪ϢΣ

Ϊ˺ҵУȴһϿȡվǰҲһˣǣعʵǷõع񿴣Ȼһλӡ
λӲ飬ʧ˺ܾõķ顣ҪǷɾӵϢȥֻˡٴγһӣĪš
û뵽ȻҲɾӡ㿴ŵǰķ飬Ҳžȣû뵽ԷȻΨһˣȴﵽӡ룬ӦúͷйϵҪȻҪӺ֮ѡ
Ҳû뵽ԶԶԽǣ˵۾պս׼۶ɱˡ鶢㣬ɫȻƽȴŹɹɲˡ
ӶǽŽҴﵽδ뵽Էȴһ죬ֱӲ۾ӣ׼۶У鵱ϢʱҲţǵȴòš
ҲûкͶԷףЦ˵Ӧ֪ҺҹϵãҵΨĺһͲҶ𣿡
鿴˵ҺʥʥŮǽжѣ̸ˡҵĹϵҲǿɡȻҲ֪ǵʲôϵҿóλּܽΣ㶼ˡԸҪԭ򣬵㣬л㶨ȻɱǡʱʵδȥɱΨĺˣͺ˵ˡ
㲻ɷãҲԷĻŷ˵˵ɣʲô顣
˵æѡ
ûȤҡҡͷֱӾܾܶӡ󲻲ǲҪæ
ȱæžܾ˵Ȥ˵
ŶԼôģȻˣǾͺ˵˵㵽ʲôܴҵġЦ
֮ѹ㣿鿴һһ˵
з֮ѣۿŷ飬Ҳֻ֮ڴ˵Уֶޱȣз֮ҪǱ˵仰㶼ֱһƳȥΪԷⶫǷ鲻ͬӵзᣬ˵ⶫ
ûУ˵Ϊ
ǺǣÿͷҰæɣЦҪ˵Ļ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷҵģ
ǾͰջҵĶó㲻˵
ҪǸ㣬ǶԴʲôأ᲻ңЦſ㣬ʮ㡣
۾һеĶʮأܱѹһֱ֪ʲôʱȴܸ֮𰸡ò˵Ϣջ
ֻ֪ʲôܸõ
з֮ѺͶƵܣŷ˵
ҪҲҳɹҾС˵
һŷ鵭˵˵˵㵽ҪҰʲôɡ
ʱЦ֪˵ɹˣֶ֪ܾջ󣬼ʹΪ۾Ҳһ


1117 ׻
ɽȵһɽŷϢļȣɽͩľ
ɽ˲룬Ϊһ׻ڣ׻Ȼ㲻һţΪһ֮ľǿߣƱȵһǡ
ҲΪ׻ڵĴڣԲ˸̤Сʱȴ껺ɽȥ
˿˵ĵٶΪ֮Ŀðꣿţ»ɣ˭֪׻ײа˽ȥóġ
ǰ׻ڵˣ׻ڲ˽룬ǾȻ߽ȥˡ
˵ľУֱ̤˳ͩľķɽͷ飬̤غ˵ҪĴ𰸺ͷ֮Ѿϡ
ﴫŷϢйϢɣŷ顣
ҡͷҲ֪ҴӷеõϢǣз֮ѣҲз˵ͬǶƵܡ
ͷĵ׷Ϊ˵ģֻ˵Ż֮ǿߣ㻹ǱȽصġ
֮ǿҲǵ۾ķѾɱһΣ˷СԲĲΡСԲ֮֮ģﵽСԲСصķʹƿһСˣ
˽֣֮ܵѹƣ㷨൱ĲҲѹƷ
֮ǰԿλĻ֮͵ϮֵԵʡҪǶԷȫʢʱڣԶԸˡȻΪʥӣҲ˶Է
׻ʵǹ˼ɵľλ֮ǿߣ˴æ㵲סһλ˵ɡ
Ҿɣ˵ȷʵɱһ׼ۣҲźۣ֮ܶöԸ
˵ͷӵ֣ǲսֻ֮ǣϾǶԷţԷһ鷳
ЦҺ˵µľ˶ࡣʥҪȻκβңٶҲκβǡ
ʥǲ̫ܣ׻ڱϾ̲ǿʥϡ󷨣Сҡͷ˵˵ôţҲ΢΢һȻ֪Ϊʲô˶࣬ѡ㡣
һ·ɽֵȻӣз֮ѣ
ʱһأȻ֪Ҳ̫࣬һ·ǰС
վסȺˣôɽŭ˵Ķ˲ɿ˹ȥֻһȺֱֳָ㡣
ǰȥŷƺεıһѹȥ
һȺ˱ѹ˲ɫ԰ףĿŷ飺񡭡ӣ
ǺȻһۣҲҶԷףŷ˵ӵԵȣҵȥˡ
˵ͷҲûӲҪҵĵطֻǷɽһطԷҪܰǸطóҲԸһӵл֮š
ֻǵƬ̣ձһŹɹ죬дǿƵķ֮Ȼº͵ǴŲ֮ɫϲ鹫ӳΪȵλӡҷɽһ±ɽ˹ӿһºڡ
ͷ֪Էݣվǰһ˵ͨһ£Ҫǰɽ
ӵذɣһ֮ԷǲͷȥҪǹ˼ɷӵݣֱӰѷɨسˡǾܹ˼ɷݣȴ㡣Ͼǻ֮澳ӻĶ֡
ԷǾܾ΢΢üͷĿ⿴㡣ЦЦǰյ˵׻ðɽѵ˲ɣҵȾȻʸûУ
ǺˣԷûжԷˣֱӺȳеϢ𵴶ͬش
ĳδǰǰɢˡֱ仯׻һΪȵʵû뵽ҲһǿߣȻ޲ʵҲһݷǷˣ˭
㣡㵭Ĵ
㣿ԷֹһϾ䣬͵˼֣дžŵ㣿ɱλ㣿ȵ۾ӵһλ
Էľ˿ûΣ÷̲ס㡣湻ģһ֮һֶݡ
ȻλǶǾλǰһ۰ɡ׻е̬ûѹơ˲֪ȵλ׼ǿ߶עˣ׵ˣǲˡ
ġۣ㡯仰˵˵ѣλھӡԸһΣ
ָ˼ͷá
ͷһɽߵɽۣɽһۼΰ̤빬һӭ˳ЦĶͷ˵ɽˣȻλǵ
˵ͬʱԷ̲ס㡣
ؿ˴ɽҲæûкͶԷֱ˵
׻㶣ǺܿЦǺǣ֪ʲôܰﵽλӵģܰﵽģһ岻ݴǡ
׻޲㣬ֻҪԷֵ̫ӦԷΣֵһãҲǲģ
˵ɽһط̨֪֪֪һأ׻ʵ
׻ɫ˲˱䣬ܿͻָλǵطʲô
Щã׻֪׻˹֡
ǺǣȲ̸λѵһˣȻ顣˹дλӣžòصҺȡдλӵ¡׻ֽŮ
̨
Ļδ˵꣬׻һԴѽʵˣŻűȥλ㣬ȥȥȵȾλӲ顣
˵⣬˶ٶһŮ˵дλӵ£κҪ󣬶þܾ
仰Щ޵Ůκ죺Ը
黹˵ʲô׻ȴӰʧͷС
֣׻ҡ
û˵꣬ͱץסֺαعȻ˺дǣܾǡǰɣλý㣡
˵ָ꣬˹ǰŮİ°ͣǵŮ࣬ȴûоܾܡ
ˣЦҡҡͷû뵽㻹һ棬ȫһþ鳡ĵ֡
ô˵ҲûżȻó׻ֲǣֲǷ̨
鿴Ѿӵұż޵Ů˽ҽˣҡҡͷֻܸȥˡ


1118 
׻ڣ㼫ΪܵҺӵұŮŮΣķ鲻üŮĺܾģȻַҲܸһŮ࣬ȹҡ
ַ˵ΪֱҹֹͣŹǷŮ뿪ڷǰʱ򣬷ŴżּЦһΪŮ˵ĻУҪ浽ء
ʼ磺˼ܻˣѵӻʥ˲ɣᱻǱܵģĵ룬ոҵϯǲ㲻У
㡭ĻЩûΣṈ̀˵У˼֮󣬲ƽϢ޺޵Ķһ˵ӿûã
ǼʰɣʼҲľͷˣɫȮ绨ѩ¶ᣬҲһֱ
ͬĿŷ飬һȺŮʲôССֶѣǰھưɣŮķˡҪˣ黹ܵˣ
鲻ã˴ǰΪ˷̨ġҪҪŮˣԹá
Ƿ̨㵱ӾͺЩŮ鲻ɣҪϢȻõˡЦе˵
棿Щ˷ܣ˸ոյıģĿȵĶ㣬ЩŲ֪̊ڣ
ǲ񣡲ǵĿɽУӴ̨֪ڵļһҹȥǡ˵ʱҹж
ͷЦôмƻǺõİɣԷ绨ѩɫȮҲһ
鲻ԴޣֱӶ˵Ǽ򣿡

˽ҹĻ׻ڼ䡣׻رɭϣʵﵽε˵ʲôá׻ڴ壬ŮĵΣ׻Ѱ
Ų֪̊ҲֻǹĨǵĴŮΡзпǷ̨
ҹĻڷɽһ˼λãȴʧܸա÷̲סɵĿ㣺ʩչмûã
ɨһ˵Ҫбİ취ǿͣҡ
ô˵ֻܰĵΣٴμȥ
Ѿǵڰ˴ˣҲǾͻȥɣֱ׻Ҳܱһһǰһ˵ǰ棬ڷ̤ǰʱ̲סһ
ûз֣ظΪȣ۾һ⣬ٶٴο˼֣ԽǰԽܸоȵӡ
Ŀ⿴ԶǿоĵرΪɭϣ̲ס˵ҴһŮе֪һط׻ǽӽܽеֻͼ۾ԪϡˣǾ뿪һֱػ㲻Ƿ̨Ҳһصءߣǽȥ
ӰҹĻΪһ塣һǿһرԽ룬͸оԽǿ
˱ܿһ˴һһƻ䡣໥һۣӰ䵽֮У˹ŵƻķ֮⡣
סһϤͷһۣó׻
𣿷̨һʧǰҲ׵ĵЩ챾ʻԱչΪɣܿ˲ˣҧ̨֪ںδҪǱƼǣȱʳأһǡ
׻ĻͷһۣĶԷе⡣
ˣɵǲλҪĲأΰ죿ҪǶ֣ܵסǣر㣬ǡȡһԪ̾һ
޷ҲҪ̫ãֻҪѡҪǲǵĻظ͸Ǳ֤֤֮󣬱ʱضؼǡֻնѣǻܵȥġ׻˵
׻Ļͷ鵹̲סͷҪûλǵҲνֻɻǣܲʲôѵ
ˣֲ̫ˣλУȻ֪ʩչʲôֶΣɱ׼ǿߣǾͲֵܵġϾһ׼۾ֻʣһɱѡڲֵܵ˵պպҪǵòҪĴ𰸣˷ֽΣһԪϲ޵ĵʵ
ѾȥˣȷʵݶԸѾǰȥ֮λ׼ɣԼλͷˡ׻Цλ׼۶Ȥλںг϶ο˶ֳǽŴﵽӡҪ֪⣬ǶȻǵסˡ
ǿɱ׼۾ۣҪȻǿҲԵ۾֮Կ׼ۡλ۶еõʲôȤǶȻ֡ڷ͸Ϊˡ
׻Ļͷһۣжŭ⣬û뵽ԷȻ᲼ɱ֡ͷ鶼֪Ŷջ󣬶ԷҪô˵ǰ׻ڡ
ɱǣȻ㲻ʣҲǲˡ⣬ֻǽ̨֮һöѣԷΪУɶԷȻˣǾ͹ֲˡ
ʥȻˣҵȾͰ˵ˡԪϹ˵
ţȥɣ⼸ˣҪҪ󣬶ǡֻҪһ飬ϡ׻Щ뿪
ͷһۣӰûաΪӣװϢ׻׻ǻ֮Ҳû뵽ˣû鿴£Ҳܷˡ
һԪϴӷ˳֮ͷβһԪϡ
һԪϴӳ֮ɫɣԱǵĹԪϣҲٶȼ죬뿪˴
ԪϵԼĹ׼ȥʱüͷ͵һ壬Ŀ⿴дż֮ɫ˭
ŭ֮䣬գաȴûпԤ֮еĽ𶯳ȥķûӰ
ףԪ΢΢üоŲôʱȴʲôûпѵԼ֪
ԪҡҡͷջԼҡͷЦһ¡ոջԼɫȴ͵Ĵ䡣δü֣ͻȻӿһɿֲķɷѹ£ϣҪδʩչͱԷѹס˱ǣû֮С
û֮˲͸оԼĲӱԷסǰꡣӼ꣬ԪϾ֪˭Ǿ֮ɫ
֮ѹһ۾ҲΪ֮ʧѡ̫ˡرǶԷķǿסķѹ£ԷȻܷһ˿
ȻҲɱ۾ͨ۾в󡣿벻һ˾ɱһ۾ǲġʹ̫ʵϾϢ޷
ǣȴ׾ٵʲôⷨ£ȫѹƶԷ򣬼ֱ漣
龪ͬʱҲ趯ѶԷӡ
ҪҪȻ㿴ŶԷ˵ʮԪϵʹͷ֮У΢΢ɿָΧһ硣


1119 ̨
ץУԷ޷ܡΪŵ۾ͷȻ᲻̨֪£ͷȻ̨֪Ҳ֪Էڷ̨ܲʲô塣
ǫ̃ڣְѶԷϵˣӰŷ̨ȥ̨߹һطҲ׻ڹ֮⡣
ͷϵʱ򣬼һƬͺͺģһľʯʯ·ȼŻһ㣬֮䣬ľʯŹɹɵӿʵʣŵ۵Ĳ
챼Żľʯ㵹Ϊʲô׻ڿôˣܿʯǵþ޴ǼٶȡҲѹ׻ܴһʵųɾ͵ʱĳ̶ȡ
Ƿ̨ˣɹɱڵĻԼۣ¾Ƿ֮͸Ϣ鿴㻺˵׻Ҳ²̨رֻûֶοǡ
ͷҲζԷΣһŷ̨ȥͷĳ֣ʱػڷ̨׻ڵӷ֡
飡Щʹе֪˵ݣǼ֮ɫ䣬󺰵ͬʱҲ䶯Ӱ۳һ󡣴󽻴Ÿֵۣ۽֮䣬ֲ׭ҪǶշѹˡ
鿴ɫЩأȴЦһǵ壿δ̫һЩɡ
˵֮䣬趯Ÿ׵磬׵ֱԷȥ׵ſֲķϯ֮䣬Ĵ󲻶𶯡Ҳȷʵʮֲ趯׵֮ԷȻ
ԷҲԾֱһӣͻȻһĹ顣ȡλڲƶɵģ趯׵֮俪һӣ鱻ն˳ȥ
µľ˶࣡ж˸ҵӣӾɱˡ㵭ĻУʱһ߲ҽȻϢû뵽ߵУꡣ
Ȼףָ趯£һĲҽиΪŨҡֶ£Է۵ĴȻ˶ãܿ
ûд£εס׵磬׵ſ񱩶ķ򣬳֮䣬һ߱ݻ٣߱һ˸俪ÿһ·
զ಻ѣȻΪκεǡҲû뵽ôƿһ̨Ҳ㲢ȥ
Խ̨ԽоǹȣȲǿңΪԾתЧͷһۣΪӵǶЧڱ˵Ч͸Ϊǿˡ
ߵȻ׻׻Ӱٵų̈ͷ飬мµĴѾױܡ
׻üͷһ¶ļɵ֮һҪƿҲҪѲǶԷ²̶ʱƿ治Գ
λǺ⣡׻ŭⶢͷ飬ںдǣǾȻ˲ɱӡǾΪ͵𣿡
鶢׻˵׻ȰԼĴ֮ѧ˵ɡ̨Ȼ㲻ֻԼˡ
ߣʺ˵ǰˡֻԵȼ죬Ҵ֮£Ȼλǰλδ̫ˡ׻ŭ
ĵĿŶԷ˵ѵ׻λ׼Լֱ𣿡
׻ɫ䣬ŵĿˣ֪ε֪ϢġŸող꣬ԷѾ֪ˣѵ˱
׻Ҫô𾪣Ҫھͷֻƻʱҵѡ鵭˵׻ʲôҪ˵𣿡
׻иǲƽ˾Ȼڿ֮֡ҲͰˣȻ鶼ѵ𣿺صϴﵽֵزʹԶǾԼ޷̽
̨ҪһãӦӦǡ鶢׻
׻ɫֱֱĶˣʱǷеĹ˼ɡȻԷ֪ԼƣǾǺͶԷΪˡôõģҪɱҪȻԺʳѰ
˹˼ɵ׻ֱֱĶͷ˵һֱӺε죬ȴδ̹վҪһӴС
˵꣬׻ӿֲķǣأһƬ·ƵġСԲϢչ¶һֲֿѹ£ɫЩ԰ס
֮СԲ򣡡ҧ֣ȴоض׻趯ط·ĹһеһжҪĹ¡
ʹĹ£оѹơֻ㷨ءԷȻֲȴ޷ѹסǣķҲǿԷ
׻治ɫվǰ֮еĹ˼ɸ棬ԷСԲɫ̫ˣӲǻ֮һ־磬ƽĴڣԻ֮ҲǱѹơͻʵǰ߱볼ߡ
ȴ⣬ķӿԭƿһеģһжҪĹ£ʱȴΩ㲻ƿ֮С
׻һһжųԺ֮⣬۶㣺ҵҪǲɱ׼֮
ûԷ˵ôܵס𣿡
ҧ֣г˷ᡣ֣ԭѹ˲䱻ɢ֣һ֮κβҡ
׻еҲǳ֮ɫֻܿǹ˼ɡһӵӣҪԸѡ
㿪̨Ըŷ˵
Ҳ˵һӾͿˣ̨һԿ
룡׻뵽̨һǿҲ֮˿̼Ҫܡ
׻趯ᴩȫ֮ϣ·ǣأһֱֱһ·Ҫضѹϡ
ʮɣ񱩵ֱӿ𵴣ݣһΨҶɨļ²ѡĺ׻һ
䡭
һ˲䵹ɳȥֱ۲ɫ԰ף˷ɳʮף̤һƬգסӰ
˿һĻ㶣û뵽ɱ׼۵ôױɡ
˵ĴУ˼־񣬻֮ȷʵֲԷһܴѪҪϱǣҪﵽʵ⻹ֻĲǾ޴
׻ȴûһ˿ĸˣ˲Գʱ趯¶ʵѣɱ׼ۣ϶кֶܶΣǲġԣԴͬʮ־


1120 
׻ʵ趯ӿ貵Ĺâһ֮䵽֮ϣ޾ӣ֮һлΪɻҡ
ʽվɱһӣ׻Σ׻ڣҲ
׻Ȼˣ־ǿϯ㲻ҴâӰܿһվ֮أӿ𺳲һ鼤
űܿ㣬׻ڵĶ㣬¶ֲм֮ɫԶԷɱ׼ۣҲˡһɣڶֻ㣬һôնɱ׼ۡ
׻ܿҲһٴӿ㣡óҪȻʽʮϢ֮նɱ㣡
仰̲סЦӵҪ㵽ʲôֶʮϢ֮նɱң
˵ͬʱ׵趯Ƶ׵趯֮϶Ե̶ơ
׻״Цһ׵֮ľͷҲͰˣڷСԲıУȴֵһᡣ
׻趯򣬴صĹ֮δϣͱ֮ĥ𡣷СԲǿڴ˿չ¶š
Ա֮ɰ֮أֻ֮׻ѣ֮ˡ
׻У֮ӿ񷣬Ǭ飬һ㣬֮ϣһؾȻȫĹļµ׻ܣ֮֮չ¶š
㶢ŶԷҲżɵ֮ɫԸλڻ֮ûиоǿķ֮㼸סδܸоķܴ֮ԭΪһش˶Է
ֲ֮Լ൱ľ롣ﵽ壬ս෽ﵽܲܡʱҪսԷѣҪסԷһӣȴѡ
ž۳򣺡Ǽʶһ£ӵķʲô㵱Ϊعκεң
˵֮䣬ӿһļµܿռ䲻ըһӿ𵴵޹⣬ʧɫ֮Уӿ޾ͬ˵ķ򣬷ӿͬ촹䣬ױȵĻԵֱӿصĹκβǣŤ
׻ɫ䣬д֮ɫСԲķ֮Ȼκβ˶ԷķųƳȥ̬ҪҪ㣬ܱӿȥ
׻ɫ͵ڼʶеһ档
ǿ񱩿ֲԤϣС˻֮Ŀֲˡ֮֮ԱΪСԲΪ֮Ϣܺس׽ڣس׻ʹ֮޷Խġ
׻֮䣬ָ㶯Ťһ̻ͬţ޾ѹ¡ַ㷨ƥ䡣ǿ񱩵ƣһʧ
Ȼ⣬׻ʱˣķ򾡹ܳԽǾޡҪﵽ֮ȻܳѹƶԷ򡣵Ǵʱķ
׻УضʱɹŨƣŨƶЩֲķ۶ɵģѹ£Ҫĥ㡣
ԭأһħɫ˿Ʈϵĵӿֳ貣죬۽ɷ׭ɽӣ۳һŶ
׭֮Ŷ֮ΣɳڹŶ֮£
һɽӷ׭ãķģﵽ۾κϵķٴη˼۳ɵĹŶǿֲѹ£ߵرһκһ˿֮ӿ벻ˡ
׻趯ķƱڹŶ֮⣬޷κε㡣
һĻʧ׻ʮ趯򣬿ȴԷסԷ趯ͨ·عѹ޷ڡ
ǿ
ɱ׼ۣҲǽң
ͨ˼СԲĹ֮޷κΣֲͨ

׻ڵһʱ׻ȴҧݣָ㶯һֲϯ£ʾͲţͨܵס֮ѹ
Ծ֪ˡ㿴׻Ŀ̲ס顣
ʱ趯ŷᣬڷ̨Ϲճһģ֣ϵû뵽̨֮Уڷ̨ĳһۼһĺۼ֣һֻˣ
˻ڱ鹴գܿҪˡ
׻趯Ż֮ķ򣬳ĹŶŶÿαԷһѷ졣
ʿֶܼã׻ŭ𣬷֮УСԲķ֮͵ĳùŶѷࡣ
ҲΣǿķ׭ΪΪɵĹŶ֮ܶѾˡ
Ͼֻһƽǻ֮ɱԼڶԷСԲµסôãѾΪˡ
Ŷϳһѷ죬˶סȴһγ֣϶ֶΡ
ƣ׻ŭһһ͵ĳŶŶѣ׻趯ֱȥ
࣡һһ𵴶ֱӳԷԷŷĿֲƵֱ࣬ɨȥٴαɳȥ
Ҫ׻ŭ𣬱Ҫʤ׷
ɾڴʱȴ͵ĺһɣ
ڷ͵Ĵ֮䣬̨͵ıһһ̨ȻʯͷϳһСг֣ϲ󺰵㣡
ŶԷһ֮Ӱٵ̨ϣѪҲ˲ϣŷһ֮УкܿͰǣȥ
׻ʱҲ¶֮ɫӰҲС
δУһǴŻĵ࣬һǷ֮ӿ׻òֵֵס׻Ҳɳȥ¶Ұ֮ɫѪ
Ҳ˲ñѪУȴǸʧڷ̨ϣֻоǳ֮⡣
쵰׻ݺݵһŷ̨ȴûһƬۼ
׻ҧݣԭҲеģÿʲôȴû뵽˺ֱƵᡣ
׻һΪԶԶܿĵӺȥ֪ͨ׻еӣǶѪ֮¾ҪǳҪǶ
׻ĻЩӸϽȥȥ֪ͨ׻ڵĵӡ
׻ŷ̨ɫһսó㲢ûж̫ƣȫסԷΪĿġ׻Ҳˣ㼴ʹɱ׼۵ֶΣҲʩչģҪȻԷҲúԼ˲ˡ


1121 
׻ŭ𲻶ϣͷȴһȵҶУҶҽҽӿɹˣ֮䲻ϵðݣͬзˮ
˶ǷǷˣܸоȣȴܿ͸˳ȵգĿ⿴Ҷ֮УҶģڵҽһͷķˣҽзͬԡһ㡣
鿴ֻˣȡᣬȻŷһȥڷ趯֮ڷ֮ϣ˱˿ԭӿɹ˵ҶҲ˲䶳ᣬȵҽһ˲䣬γһܣۼ
ķУһСķ֮ѣ߲֮ʹβƣ߲ʹλûһֻֻƵģдŸֵۣŷ֮ϢЩϢѹ£̲סһϴżء
Ƿ֮ѣƣķˣǷǷɡ
з趯һۼ趯ѷ֮Ѱӿͷ֮ݣڷ֮γһ㱡ĤһС֮һΪһݷ㡣˵֮һһ룡
ͷְѷ֮ͼ֮Уȴ˷֮ɫⶫƵҩĺòϣ״ٵеĴ󻹵õ֮ѡ
󻹵ҽ׹ǣ֮Чһ󻹵ط֮ɿһλ۾ֵҩ졣ҲƺΪɵ֮Ѿе֮һ
ŷСİѷ֮պãĿٴοķڣ･Ļûһһ۾Ȼһڡ
Է˵̣߲뵰Ͻ֮֮֯棬з·ŷ֮ӿ֡ڣ۾ޱȣ鼤ڵأŷڿͷ
˺ŷ飬ݼ
İݵ÷֮еŨתǣ񣬷·˶ҪƵģ궼Ҫһ㡣ɫ˱䣬ȡơԷڣӿɹ֡
һ֣ڷ·˷Ƶģǲ𶯣һ𣬷춯֮䣬ضﶼ˶ؼ·һֻ˷裬Ĥݡ
ָоʹ㶼оǿңŲɵֵ֮⡣龪ֻǷڵУҪǷ趯ȫֽΣԼҲĥɡ
뵽⣬¶ɵĿŷڣȴɹӿ֣ų⣬Ϣͬȴ·Ƶģ߲ûж
̲סһ۶ƣ֮ɫʲôŷ֮Ǿŷ屻Ϊֻһֱûм
õ֮󣬲Ŵӷе֪ϢһжҪ̨һȻеĶƽá
ﵽεıġܿǺͷڴﵽͬȼ²÷зľξˣȻ֮ҲǷǿġ˵ѹʹȲ϶ơ
龡ܸ߿ƣȴҲû뵽ﵽͷͬȵĵزѹ֣ѹᣬͬķеϢһģ֮֮ڴ˴
ƺͷ໥Ϣ֮󣬶ƵϢȫʧС㻳еӣʱҲһԴŶץȥûŶƱץа档
ץư֮ĿҲתڣŷڼȥ
״ɫ䣬Ӵ󺰵ģ
ں䱦ɲƽͬȫſֲľӲ֪ߵغҪᱻĹͷʣҪ׷ȥץסӵٶ׷ϣٶͳ󣬵׼۵ĹƵıܿһ˲䣬͵˷ߡ
˼ԭΪڶȻǰֵһĻȴͷɴ۾ֻץŷڣֱԼͷϴ˹ȥ
ھȻĴͷϣ⿴ǺܻһĻϾ˭ͷڵӡ
ͷ鶼û˶Ц˶͵Ŀ˷ܵİڵӡ
ģ̫˰ɣϵʲôµģץڶץ׼۸ٶȣһѲͨɣͨҲ˵ץץûаǡҲʶֻӡ
㶢ǰӣϢ͵ϣմȾ˼߲뵡һĻȷԼĲ²⣺һǣӺͷ֮ҲʶġҲԣʥµģʥΪʥ壬ǻޣйҲΪ档
뵽⣬ĿֱֱĶӣһﵽʲô÷֮ˣڻλҲܸˡѲһֱʥ޲ɣǣʲôʥ޳
ЦҡͷӴһ֮󣬸оȤѷץУͷ
㣡У񾪾塣ֻӴѾˡӾȻѷͷϴȥҪǷų⣬ʹʱҲס
뵽⣬ɴ۾ٴ𾪡ڴͷһ˲䣬Ҫӿָҧһڣ˼ѪҺڷϣԭӿ͵ջȥֱֱĴͷ

ʹĲ˲۾ǰһĻоԴˡҴķڣȻ£ҪǴؾŷ壬ŷ嶼𶯰ɡ
ˣһ䣬ȴòʵ
ʱͷϵķڣҪϸϸ֪ڼȲ˺ȴҲ֪ȻھܲȴҲܱһŵûʲôоܲһ˴һڰɣ
˺ᣬŷ飬Է˺֮ѪСŷڿͷžѪ䶯Ѫ䶯֮䣬䶯֮䣬һۣ̻ŷͼڷˡ
Ҿŷ壬طҫ飬壬Ҿŷ֮ٹ⣬ԡ֮

ͷϵľѪԽԽŨеķҲиУƺҲŷڡ
ڴͷɳ֮ϣҲĿתĿŷڡǶ޷ǰҪǲԸĻ˭޷κ
飬ҫҾŷ壬ַҫ
ٴκһѪҪ׸Ƶġ⾫Ѫ֮󣬷ɫ԰ף˶ɿȥ
㿴һĻ̲סһ⾫Ѫռ龫Ѫİ˳ɣ⾫Ѫ׳ȥ֮ǷҪӵ䣬󽵣һ
ȻΪ壬ԸԼ㿴ŷ飬̲סż־塣ͬҲŷڵķӦһѪͼڣȥ


1122 
עУ͵ıһ⣬ַ龫Ѫ˲ҽһʧȥѪ̱ڵϣϢϾ
˳ɵľѪʧ˭Ҳܲˡһӱˣ̾Ϣһɾ̾ϢͬʱڰľѪȴâ貣Ѫڵ͸Ѫ֮УѪƷ˲һֹ
ƷľѪȻļ»صС׼ڵľѪڲûҪҰ󷵻ظ顣ھѪû֮к󣬷ݵٴλָ
оѪ뵽УܸоŹɹɺ֮ڷ󣬷·ҪͻƼޣһƵġ
øˣ㿴Ϣڵķ飬ΪڵĴеķѪ͵ﵽӲΣҲǿ֮ǰӿֵϢҲΪ֮Ŀ
رҪͻƲĴУֻҪԷһȻܲ۾ﵽ۾Ҳһ죡
û̲סզ࣬űĿϢѪķ顣
лˣϢϣ⣬ޱȣͬʱŷڹл
ڴռڷߣ䵽ֱϣڷֱϣʱһӡ
žﵽķԼֱϵķڣ㶣ҲΪˣ
ӡҲ˷ܲѣѪȡ仰ŻָһЩڴ˲ûΪֻԸһؾŷѡڴ˺䱦
ҲǣҪǷϷΪǷδ̫ˡǺöҲҪֻⶫǿġҪԸĻѹûá
ӷջأĿٴοǰһɫľᡣЩƽ˵йڶƵܡؾⶫˣ
žɨȥУĸоҲ֪Ŷˡ
㻺Ĵ򿪣ʯֺͼĿһͼ⸱ͼ㶣
⸱ͼϣһǹǹ棬ȫڡⲻǾģԲ۾ǣڳǹһһձձͶһģһ
ⳤǹձ㶣Ź֣ϸϸĴ⸱ͼԽԽöƺⳤǹձͬ
ǳǹһ֣оŹ֣̲סнӹͼԱȡҲͷ
Ƶⳤǹ˵ֱ鿴˵ҵûˡ
һĿɨ˳ǹͼԱߵֲ֣࣬ȴзξˡ
ʥ弯֮֮ͨͨѪ֮ͨΪģ֮ͨΪ飬زΪϣ֮ǧ꣬ɾʹǹΪ䡣ǹ죬֮ѹƣǹɶǹͷ٣٣ʥش
ⲻһλȴ¶̫˼˼ͷ鶼ԭءǾ֪ƺܲ򵥣ȴû뵽ͷֱǵԤˣ˭Ҳ벻ƾȻʥ弯ϵȫ֮Ķ
ͷһۣ˶Էе֮ɫ
񡭡䣡
оܿǹôİԵǹ죬̶̵ļ֣֮ǹߵǺԵ֮;ʱЩףΪʲôƾⳤǹһΣѹס˱ѹʲôֵģ
ʥȫ֮ɵı˵ȥ˭ţ˭Ҳ֪ʥһشȻΪ˴
ʥ嵱ôǿȴΪشǴķʥֽôֲ
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ⳤǹɣȻ֮ǹҲΨſɡ
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ʹˣҲзǷļֵ˱ﴫȥǴ۶Ϊ֮𶯡
ʹ˱·ڡ
˿ڸ𺳵һһ˵̫ˡĳǹʥ֮ĳǹΪϵǹκһֶǴﵽµĶ
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ԽԽֿܣҲΨˣܽʥΪʲô
ʥΪΣΪҪ죿ҪʲôҪʲôϹţʲôǲ֪ģ
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ͻȻ֣ʥ岻˵ʥ϶ŷǷܡȣΪλ磬Ϊΰѷڷڴ˵أΪøдﵽʥӵǰȡ
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ƿһţ֪һЩʲôɣɡغصԶ֮ǰʥ嵽׷ʲôΪζɵģ
ϧˣѾˡҪȻȻΪıû֮һΨһ
һڱ⣬ǹͷѻ٣µľֻǹˡǶʥ֮Ҳֻܵõ
Ĺâ䶨Ȼžܣ뿴еʲôܡ
䣬ܴʥܡ
еĶƣѾͶƶŷ˵߰ɣ֮£Ҳ֪ҪȻĺǱҲ׷ɱ㡣
鵭˵ҾŷϹźͻ彻ǳ¹ػ֮£Ȼ⴫
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˵ͬʱŭʮ㣬з趯ɹӿֱӻҶҶһѷ죬ûС
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˶Ҫ׻ˣ¶˺⣬ԵȫϧѪҪѹڷ̨֮С
׻˵꣬ӻĵ͵۳ɾ޻޻˻£죬޻˺˶ȥ
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Ҫҳ㣬ֻҪƿ˶ԼáֻʱԷͷѹУѹܲ͸硣
ô죿ѯ㣬Է֮ϧѪ۶ֲ̫УǺǶ֡
˶ҵǲ£ֻз۵Ĵһʱ֮ҲƲˡҪƿԷһ˲䣬̶ȵļ߷ܷƿ˲䣿ѯʷ顣
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ֶʩչҪȻ׻趯·סֱ֡
۶ŶԷֶξɱңδ̫߿Լˣ
˵֮䣬һ𵴶޴ƣžķ֮ӿذϢӿֳ
㲻Ҫֶ𣿽ձӾʶһ£ķ֮Уȫ۹ĵӿž춯ص졣
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ֻҪסԷһϢ޸ǾҪΪ֮סԷһкѣ
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˵˶ãʥ֮ǣûУǺΣЦ˶㣬ǲм֮ɫ


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ֶͬ趯ۻ棬ҲһЩ롣Щ˲գʬǶյĸɸɾ
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˶ϣҵȳ֣Ϊ׵϶˵⾪ˣеѹѹ¡ܲסһѪҺ˳Ѫ
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Ȼ׼ǰ

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׻ȴϲ׼۶ǰˣԼ˵϶ԷͬʱҲΪԼϢõ͡
˶գ֮У߳һˡһ֮߳󣬴һˣҲ߳һˡ
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λ׼ۻ˻֣ʮȻ·Ϊһ壬ǻ֮Ӱ˵鲻Խİ˵ض񣡱ۺͷѩҲʶڱһû뵽ĵҲȵõһ
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ԷˣЦЦ˵λûбҪŭϣҪб£ȥ׷ɱ顣
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ȻˣǾλʶһ¡ɱ׼۵ģ˵䣬ڿն


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һͷʲôӣʲôֶΣٶȣҲˣλ׼ҧƴ׷ϡ
ǣƴ޷׷ӣ̶ʱ䣬ӾʧǵС
׼۱ԶԶ̲סЦӵٶغףǿĳԤϣֻҪռ䣬Ͳ׷ϵġ
һʼ·׼ԲǶ֣õĲӶѡ
Ԥϵ׼׷ϵġ
ҪһʼͷӡһƬռ䣬ҪӾͲܡ̫дˣռûзӡ٣ҺΣĬĬ˵Ӵһ·䣬Զ׷ϵġ
׼ʧȥϢɫҲ¡ӵûжŭ⣬ϾӷǵӵǶ۶أҲ
ǣû뵽ǣȻҲߡһͷӵİ¡˵ȥ˭ţ
׼ۣȴһ۾뿪ǵǺεȵĴ
ɫ࣬ճֵʱضӿŭ⣬ɹɾײ˴Ŀġ
׼۳֣вû㣬Ҳλ׼۵ŭһΡΡͬʱҲȻѣѵ׼۵׷ɱˣ
뵽⣬һз˾ξˡֶǿ׼¶ܰȻ룿Ҫ˵ĻλɱҲѹˡ
׻λһȺ˶̲סðź⣬Է׼롣ǾȻҪɱԷⲻ𣿶ɱ˶Է֮ǵľجΡ
λ׼һΪѹֶ׵ѣλ׼̤֮ʧ
׼۵ѹʧڵϵȺվ亹ǣûйЩлΪͷ뾪˷ˡ
ԺԲǣУһǼǺˣһ취׻ɫ԰ףĵβͷ鲻Ǻ

ͷ׼Ϣܿ촫ȣȻδƽϢķ籩ٴοХĴΪƴﵽһʱĵزȻҲ˶Ҳ֪ɾӣܵס׼֮
Ϊ˷񣬵лҪɱ˵ˣʱ򶼱ͣһ˸ٶ
ȷ·˵ˣ׼۳صķâڸǡˣͷˡ
ȻϢҲΨĺ˵ʧ׼۵׷Ѿֲˣ𺳵ǣȻҲﵽӡ
ʥУͷңңˡ
ʱȶˣΨ̲סˡ
һˣٹʱ䣬ҪǻܳȥĻҪٹʮܳȥˡ˻ش
ΨһȻԵѾõˣֻһˡһҪԼ򣬼Ȼﵽӣȥѯһľ顣
˵ͷҲоˡߵһǴﵽʲôԵ߲һһҪ̤ȻҪֶΡǴδйӵľɽֻȥҷˡ
ǲû㣬뵽ʱǵжԷȻҶԷ
ȥݰɣܴܲﵽҪͨݻش½ҪȻٵʮ꣬ҶԸΨ˵οһءÿһ˻Ե˵ܽݵĻԵﵽӡ
˵ͷȻ֪ʲôطǴȵΨһһ·
ݣ֮ͨ·Ȼ죬죬ݣܴ壬ԵͬǣȵܣҲ˽ҿһ֡
ֻȽô꣬ûһݡ
һʱ಻ˣڵ칬Ҳһ翪칬һ죬һϵգ𵴶֮ȵÿһ鶼һƮϵ
칬ߣݣ
˲䣬ȶţǺܿͱ졣˷칬ķӿȥ

ʱһɽۣ֮λ׼׷ɱ֮󣬾һֱȹľ磬ͬʱʵʩһ뷨
㿴еĶƣӿ뵽Ƶػ˵Ҳ֪Լ뷨ǲǶԵģ
칬ߣݣ
ƮϵУ㶡
һͿȥ𣿾ҪҴʱľ磬Ⱥˣ
ŴܣȻˣǾȥʶһ°ɡأʱѾܶϹȥ˰ɡ
ƯҲЩȾΪ˴ﵽӼֻǴﵽӼͻ˴棬˶õģԶԶԼԤϡ
ҲǸûȥģҪģҲҪˡ㻺˵ԺвɸһߵӰָܿһŹŮ
֪ʦҶ˼ûУ֪Ϊʧԭ򲻣
С㣡֮Ҳ㡣˿̣ﵽӼ۾Ҳˡ㲻𰵸ϢյϢܺõõֻսݣ㲻ǰȥš
С㣡ôȥˣ֪᲻ǸСļҶ
ٻ㣡֪ǲҲ֪ҵϢ
ͻȻ쳣ȵ˲ͻص򣬰˶һ顣


1127 ֮ս
칬
ȶգذӰ֮⣬Ϳʼ칬칬ǰͷ޴ʨʨ̤ذȣׯΰÿһˡ
һƽ˼칬˿ȴ޾һ߸칬ۼյʯŻĴ򿪣ӭҪȵߡ
ߴ˷칬ʮһʮҪ뿪ȵߣǰȻЩԸ뿪ȵҲǰֻΪһ컯
һԵ㲻ܽ뿪ȣҲĥ
칬֮бֻо޴ݣģŹâӶϣ߲ʡ
žǧŰپʮŽףΪֹûһȫꡣ칬ˣһ龴ηĿݡȴûһ̤ݡ
ϵ칬ʱ칬鲼Ⱥˣߵ칬֮СʱоԪѹƣ޷á칬档
칬ŸλͨĹ֮칬ߣܶ칬˻ʱʧȥԪֻ뿪칬߳ɹ߳칬Żָ硣
ȻΪ칬ѹκһߵԪ칬֮һĵĹأвܷе֮ϣжԹĻһ㶼һ£ƴ˭ߵĸԶ
ʯƣŲɣ̨ӵÿһ˵Ľ¡ÿһ˶Žµ̨ףȴṳ̂롣
˵ĵȴ⣬һӰȻĴ칬֮⼤һֱٶȼ죬˲͵һ֮¡ͬХٶ˶̲סˡҲޱȣԷûһ˿ԪٶȴѸݣȻ
֮ﵽٶȣ֤˵Ĳ򵥡
˵ĳ֣ҲȷʵһƬȻһĿ⼯еⱻ۹ŵϡ
ˣ˾Ҳ
˾ȻֳˣһҪսٽס
Ȼ칬ֵʱ򣬾˰Ŀ⼯еϣ󾪺ϡ
Щ˵ľ֮УҲĵ֪˵Ϣ˴ӰǰͿʼݣĵһεݣߵ˰ǧŰپʮŵľѳɼܴﵽֳɼģǹݵҲࡣԭĳɼԴߵĴ½ȥÿһ˾ȵǣԷȻû뿪ȣǼصȡ
ڶٴεѾʮٴѼǵ˾̨׵ĳɼͬģĳɼƺ㣬ûгȡ
ǣ֮ÿһ칬ݡÿһεĳɼھ̨֮ϣÿһζҪǿ֮ǰֱھŴΣҲһΡﵽ˾ǧŰپʮʮŽ׵ĳɼ
ĳɼʷһ˴ﵽ˾ǵ뿪ȵĴؿҲ˵ϣﵽ˺ͺؿͬĳɼ
Ľ˳ɼ˶סˡǵĸ߶ʱ־ȶԷΪ֮߶ȣ뿪ˡǣԷһֱ뿪һδεĲϷݣҪʲô
ѵݶ겻ɣɻ󣬾ȶԷΪʲô
ʮεˡҲ֪һߵٲΡһΣؿǲڻˡ
԰ؿµ˴Ƽ¼˴Ҫ˴ˡ
Ҳǿ㿴ո칬ȻҲǿһ
ֻǣȴû˵ϢҲ֪ðģȸ߶ȣԲĬĬΪˡ

˵ľûаӰˣ˽칬֮󣬾ͺȺһ㣬Žµݣһ̤ݡйʮξٶȼ죬̶ʱ̤һٸ̨ף˿զ಻ѡ
Ҳ߹ݵˣ֪ÿһ̨׼ѡǿԷɵģЩ˾̲ס𺳡
ŵһ̤ݣܶҲ棬̤֮ϡ̤ݵкܶ࣬д˴νȵʥӣҲǰȣδ뿪ʥӡвٵвԺյ
ֱһӣͼ֮е˷ųŹ򣬲ܴ˳ȥʹС綼СݵĹ֮͸С磬ͷˡ
㵹ǲ߲ȥȵߡֻҪߵݵǧŰپʮŽ׾뿪ȡȻҪʥӼĻҪﵽǧŰپʮŽףҪﵽǧŰپʮŽס
ȵˣҪȣҪȵ˼ѵࡣΪҪ֮˶һײ߳ȥʥӼֻҪǧŰپʮţʥӼȴҪǧŰپʮŽסһףصĲʥҪǵ̨ףȴܱȵܵȵ̨ס
ԣ߳ȥ߼١һ㶼ǽȵʥӺȥҲȵʥӺ
һ˵ݣһȺġ룬һȺ֮У߳ȵͺˡ
˵ʯףҲ׼̤棬㻹δ̤档һƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ칬ſڡ칬ſھȻ߽ˡ
㲢İ´λ׼ۡ
찡ȵǰˣҲҪݲɣ
ǷˣΪ׼۶ݣҲҪ뿪𣿡
׼۰ܵǵ֪߰ܲܳˡ
ѣݲʵģѵˣʥӵǵĸ߶ȳӡ
ҲԣԷϾ׼ۣ㲻ʵҲǱ׿ȵġ
仰Ҳû˷ǰĿⶼеϡҲ㵣û뵽Էݡ˴֮;ǻпͷˡ
˴ΣҪˡλ׼һֱûзֳʤҲ֪˴ֳܷ𣿡
ԣǺˡȵļλӣп͸
˷ǵһμĳ档
˵עУλ׼ۻ߽˶Ϊ·λ׼߽ʱĿҲ鲻ԽĿķһۡ
ԷҲ⡣ԷϾ׼ۣҲûʲôֵġȻҲ¡칬֮У˭ԪѹƣûƣԷҪʰѡο¾ݣԷҪ֣̤ݾǡÿһ˶Լµݣ̤ܲԼ׷ɱ
λ𣬱ЦеĿλ
ʱ˲ŷ֣Ŷڵݵˣλ׼㡣ٴһƬȻٴλ׼ۣһɫŹ֡СӵǴ󵨡뵽칬Ϊθˡ
ߣλ׼ۺһ˵˴αҲҪȣ̫磬ӵһΣӵ˵ڶ𣿡
ӵλǵطɲȣǲǵĵ̣˭ɱ˭֪أЦеĿˡ
仰λ׼ɫ˱䣬ǺܿԷҵ˷Ц˵λʦɣǣλʦҪ˳ˡλˣһҪߵʦǰ档ʦҲ𣿡
һ仰͵裬ۿˡ


1128 
ؿʲôˣʦԺһ򹧾мӣ̱οЩǺϵѹƵ°ܽȴϣܵˡ
ߣǱʦѹͬһ㣬ʱ˵ˡʦѹǣȻҲѹǡЦĿ˵׼۲ϣʵһУ
ôĿҲգվȰѺؿĵӲȥٻصԸؿףߣҲΪֹЦ
仰¶֮ɫһ׼۶ѣȻԸϣǲ֪
ˣͰΪҵ֮սñӼʶһ£ʧȥ׼ۣǲҲ޿ɺ۶ŶԷ̨̤ס
̨̤׵һǣо˶һ£ͬʱĪѹѹϣ·㱳ʯһ
ʯ϶ʱƣУѾûǰ޾ʯףһۿȥ塣
̤ʯףλ׼ҲûͣҲ̤ʯ֮ϡ̤룬ΨԼժҳֵķˣҲ̤ʯס
ˣλ׼ۣӼ㣬飬顣ʥӼΨģˡÿһǺպ֮ġȻ
ʲô㿴Ǹɫ·Ǹ쳣ʥӣͬŮˡҲΪǰʥӣ֮ǰδ̤ݡȴõĪôֻӼһĳ̶̤˵۾
λʥӣҲֻӼһ
λµ۾ҲʥӼͻƵ۾ģ⼸λǰνȵʥӣڴ˴μˡ
˴γֵˣ̫ྪɾ޵ˡҪҲ֪˭ͷ
ϣʵǿ࣬ķ־ͶԼﵽ̶ȵȵԭ򡣡
ϣӼʥӼԽӲҲʥӼͻƵӼӡ
Ҳ֪˭֮ܶ컯
۷׷ףĿⲻĿ㡣һλؿĵӣ֪ܴܲﵽؿĸ߶ȡ֪ܴܲʦѹסλ׼ۡ
˶˷ܵĿʯϣÿ̤һʯף߹ʯ׾ŹâĿÿһ˶ʯס
̶ʱ䣬ǸѾߵǧ֮ˡλ׼ۣҲһ·䣬ٶȼ죬ߵٽס飬ΨһˣҲڶ̶ʱ䣬ߵٽ֮ϡ
ﵽٽ֮ϵһˣЩɾ޵ʥӡ
ɫŹֵǣȴһٽ׶û꣬ʮֻÿһǧƵġʯ¿ŴʯͶµӭһ
ٶȺ״̬Ҫﵽʦĸ߶ȼֱ룬ǲʥӼܳ
ǰף˵̫ѣݵˣǰסȻʹߵٶûΪǰ׶߲ꡣֻǣʥӣٶѡ
ݵʱȥ㣬˿ݵ̨Ϊ׵ȻλӣԳλ׼һңңȣզ಻ѡһǾ˭ȻǿƵֵز
ں֮λ׼ۣǷλӣ֮һȺʥӣԼһЩպĻ֮۾ͷ
Ϊӵ㣬һȺȻʮ֮
˴ô£սӦ˰ʱѾʮˣ
ǰǰʮûֱӵ˵ֻǸոտʼɱϾҪȻ֮һ
㵽ʲôǰҲҪٶȣҪĶࡣϾϴԽãܵѹԽࡣҲΪ⣬ÿһ˶ٶʵǡܼٳܵѹ
ѲѾٶˣ

üѣǲԸٶȣ㴴̫漣ˣԱȼϽؿôֻٶȡҪǰ壬ƥݡ
ǣǰңԶ
ɻ󲻽֮һʯ̤ţÿ̤һϵѹʹһ֡ܳ㿿ȫסˡ
ÿһ㶼ϸϸĸÿһ̨״ѹѹԪѹҲǵ۵ѹѹ˵ѹһҪһƺĻֻܸ⡯ĳƺ
ԣѹ·ÿһʯ׶һϣԼŹɹѹ
ÿһʯףһɺãҲ͸ϣԵóɸ⣬ָоЩϤ˲ٻ似似Щ⣬ҵʯƵġ
ַüܿչǻµݣŻ似⣬Ҳ֡
ֻΪ˸ɺͻ似Ƶ⣬Ӳ죬Ծȵٶһ̨ȥٶȣ߳ԽԶԶİ
ȴνĸʯ״ѹļ໥ӡ֤
ÿһ̨ף͸оļһ֣Ƕڵѧ似⣬Ҳһ֡£һ̤ǰ
һˣҲŸָĸоǶǾž޵ÿһﶼţҲܸоʯϴǵļֻǴ඼ûѧ似ûָо
ͬҲ֪ʯŵǼÿһմȾһ⣬ѹ
ʥĵɢ⣬Ҳʥ⣬ͬӡ֤˶֮
ÿ˶ԴʯϵⶼŲֶͬΣÿһֶΣΪԼʺϵġʵҲȷʵ߽ܶԼֶΣõ˷ǷЧߣڴ˶ͻһΡ
Ψûʲôϸϸĸ̨׵⣬û似ӡ֤⣬ҲɣҲЩ⣬Щⶼϡǣ㱳ѹͼԽԽ
ȻЩʵǷ߿һĻҲɻ󲻽⣬ֻǾֶѣΪʲôЩĲƣĻĳܵѹҪСĶࡣ
㱳ѹǰҪĶ޷Ԫ£ÿһ˿Ҫϵһξһˡ
ЩĵҲסûɢЩĲƣӦáǣЩϤ֮УĻ似ĸΪ͸ûɢ
ֻǣԽӴЩ⣬Խǲ͸оѹԽ󡣶ЩⲢԣİҲʮޡ˶ȥȡ΢㶼оֵǲˡ
뿴ʯϵ⣬ʲôЧ߹ÿһںϣͻƹϵ⣬û˰ݵ뿴ֳԣôЧ
ֻһֳԶѣ㶼֪ܲЧԼбף


1129 ع
ʱһĹȥ̤ʯ׵ҲԽԽࡣƻ赽֮ʣѾ֪̤ʯˡʱߵߵˣѾߵʯףǺˣңңǰλ׼ۣȲ϶Էķâλ׼ۣѾߵ̨סˣҲٲ̨ס
ǧ̨ϡʱ㣬ٵˣѾҪ֮ˡ
˿һĻҡͷҲû̫עˡ㴴棬֮ϣҪʦˡһʼͶȻ֮Ҫ׷ȥĻѶҪࡢ֮׷ϺܶˣҪǰʮѡҪ뵱ʦľǧŰپʮŽǲܵˡ
ԭΪܺλ׼һ£ȴ벻ԶԶ֮󡣹Ȼδ漣Ҳ֮ǰˣ֮Ҫ̳
꣬ÿϧĿҲƿתϡʱܶʥѾʼˣһʼ첽ʵǶȥ
λ׼ĿҲԶԶϵĺˣ˵ٶȳԤϡһ·׷Ҳ޷˫ľ롣һµ̨˵ѹʮޣȫ֮ܽȫơٶ£ǱԷ˼ľ롣
˭ǿ־ڱ۵׷¼ǿһزǼΪʲôû˵Ϣʮɻ󣬵ǽµٶҲ͵һ塣
ǲǿˣȻǰʵȣǶȻҪᵽһѹǡ
ˣλ̲סˣʼ׷λصĺˡλ׼۽µʯĺܿ죬߾Ŀλ׼ʯϡ
λ׼ǷǷٶǺͺ˵ٶҲϵ⿴ĺܶ˼˾Ŵζռͷ֪ܺ˴׼۵ļ룬ܲܺĵλ
ʱʧߵʯԽԽ̤࣬ǧŰپʮŽϡλ׼ۣҲ̤ǧŰپʮŽϡ˲پ룬˿զ಻ѡ
Ƿ飬ǧŰپʮŽס飬ȷһǧ׶ѡ
Ψģӣһλ֮ǿߣڰھӣʮˡ
ӵ忪ʼʮ̨ײٽףӵʮڶʮ̨ҲٽףʮֵĽܶ˶ڲϵҪԼһ㡣
Ҳˣ͸츳ʵƥ䣬ȥ⣬ЩպյǰʮΨ㣬ڵһǧŰپʮŽס
㣺һ
ò˴㵲ѣ̲סҡͷ̾ϢʧѡʵǵֵزÿһʥӶˡ
㾡ԺգҳɾӡҪܶ˳ˡֳƳɾݣ˼˵жߵĳɾͣܲߡ
ٶȺ״̬֪ǿŵ뿪ȵҪﵽһ𣿡
̫߿ˣԭΪܺ׼һ£ȴ벻ôùȥôˡҪ̨ˣҪ׷ȥѡ
˵УȴͣڵһǧŰپʮŽϣʱ˲֪ٵ⡣ϣĪѹ弸ҪѹЩǷżϡ
ļҪǲܵģֻҪһͷܽ־ļûôϸϸĸ⣬Щͷ
ЩⲢԣʮãҪ֪Ҽʮѵģ㻹ˡ㲻֪ôʲô壬ֻ似ҲƵⱻһһ˿̣ҲӡһЩʯ׵⣬ڻĵĶҪõҲҪʯ塣
ﵽһǧŰپʮŽףоµ̨ȫںһͬʱϣĪѹЩѡ
ͨͶӰһǧŰپʮŽ׵㣬һһۣɣ˿̾ʹϢˣδ̫ʧˣ
˵ﵽһĸ߶ȣϢҲһǧŰپʮŽҲһҲϢǱϾͨߣҪʥӼ״Ϣ˱ӡӰ
ֽϻˣĳɾޡ

˶̾ϢǳʧˣĿٴͶǰʮıƴСǰʮıƴܼҡȥǰûб仯⣬֮ʮ˵ϵı仯ÿһα仯۷׷ס˭ĳЩ˶š
һ·ʵǶϣΪ׵ĺٴһףλ׼Ҳͬһסӵ峿һֱߵҹ
Σ߼ֲסˡ޴ѹѹһֻҧ£ϻص칬̱ݽ£亹
ܱǺܶ˶ֻ֣Ҫ߹ݵˣĸ侳ߵԽˣԽԡ
ͬģϾͻƣÿһǳ
ϲͬҲϵʵǡͬʱЩ˼ֲסʼ
˵ĿⶼǰѾߵˣݵſʼ֡ΪͻʥӼֲסա߹ŰپʮʮŽ׾һﵽʵı仯
զǣҲû˵Ĳɿٵʵǡ
Ϊ֮ͬʱʱžȵٶʵǡһǧŰپʮŽ뿪Ҳ̨׸ӡ֤ӡ֤֮䣬Ȼѹڣȴܳܣ̨״⣬ϵϡ
֮ǰľޣҲÿһ̨׵⣬ÿһ̨׵Ļ似ӡ֤Ҳ̨׵⣬Ҳ̨׵⣬仯һɵѹϡ
״̬£ĵܵѹǾ޴ġǣһȥȻڣȴÿһߵľȡ
ߵʱѾʼŲ˴ϢˡʹһЩʥӣҲϢͬʱ⡣
ֻԽϣԽǿҲԽաǵѹҲԽ
ܶ˶ˮֱ·ʪǣȴûһΪԸ뿪ûмֵһǶԸ뿪ݣݵѹ󣬵ǸǵĻҲǾ޴ģһɹѹӭѶϣÿ˶оԼŽ
֮ԼԼꡣһЩԼʲô
ʱ仺ţڶ峿ĳʱѾŲϢаһˣͬҲϢָΨǣһ꣬ȴԾȵٶڲϵʵǣȻûѡϢָ
˲ĿԷһҹûж˻ǵ㡣һҹȥǷְ㣬Ȼٴν˰ڡ


1130 һϢʮ
峿ÿһϢʱڴʱָܽһϢϷʱΨڼʵǣٶɲ죬ƽһ׷ȥİ⣬һֱԼ
ѾˣҪ˵ǿɡȴǰʮˡҪ˵Ļ˼ҳȥڵһǧŰپʮŽ׵ʱͣһ£ûͣһֱϡ
˲Ψ㶯һ峿ʱ䣬׷˲ˣӰ⣬ߵʮڡһ峿Ϯô㣬ɫӡ
һһҹȥˣѾȷȻб䶯Ǳ䶯̫󡣵䶯ʮǻǵһμʱԽãǵԽߣ䶯ĿܾԽС
ǣȴһ峿Ϯǰʮ
о֮ϻָϾһӣȻͻȻϮǼ;ȣݣĳɼɶ
Ϣ֮ҲʼٴʵԭΪ˿ʼʵǣ˵ĲὥǽȴǵԤˡ
ǿŵһĻǰһĻͬһɿɨ׵ľÿһߡ
ڲŵ㣬ٶȴͻȻֿ첻һĿ졣ǿ۾һĿĿ㡣
ȣȴͬһɷХһ㣬һ̨߹ٶȿ磬̶ʮϢʱ䣬߹ϰٵ̨סһ䣬̤ʮ̨ס
һƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㡣һϢ̤֮ʮ̨׵ĴڲûУǼ١룬һ֮Уȥǰʮû˭ˡ
Ҫһʼٶȣǲ֣֮ǰٶȴ峿֮󱬷ٶȣżˡ
ѵ֮ǰװģǣ֮ǰߵĳģҲװİңװͼʲôΪڵıĿ⣿бҪĿ⡣
һϢʮףٶǰʮˡ
Ҳп˿һ֮ͻ˥ˡ

˿㣬ȴ㲢û˥ߣٶԽԽ죬ﵽһϢʮ׵Ŀֲٶȡ˵עУٶȻᣬһϢʮףһϢʮס
⿴ÿһ߶ס˵Ŀ⣬һʮףٶȳǵһβμ֮УܴﵽٶȵĲָ֮ңݵĵϣٶҲǼΪġ
˿̲ſʼ𣿡칬ߣȵĶ㣬һϢʮףҳȥ˾޴𺳡λˣҲûг
Ҫ׷ǰʮǰʮ𣿡
ٶ׷ȥ᲻󾢲㣡
ǲǺ󾢲㣬ܴﵽһϢʮ׵ٶȣԴǿˡԭӲ˵
֮˷칬Ȼϣ˵ĿԭǰʮǴ˿ȴȫͶ㡣һƬڣһϢʮֶܼá
ٶʵݣܵѹ֪һϢ䣬ʮ׵ѹȫϣ⼫־ٶȵʵȻȥÿһ˶ϣС̶ȵ־ǶѡȲҲٶȡ
ȴ߸˵֪տʼʱԼٶߣ˰֮⡣ǵּ֮ٶߡ㼸ô־ô
Ϊ˾ٶֲ˶ãǽȴǵԤϣ㲻ֻǼȥˡٶȻ
һϢʮףһ£õ˽ò˺ȻﵽһϢʮ׵ĳ̶ȣѾܿˡݵô࣬Ҳʮˡ
ʮʮʮʮʮ
ʮʮ
㶵ĿͬХһ㲻ϵ׷ϣզ಻ѡǻûмڵ֮˱仯ˣʱͬһ磬Խˡ
Խܿ죬ͬãһֱ׷𵽶ʮһ
ҪɱǰʮˣǷɱǰʮ㽫ŷǷɾˡ
ǰʮÿһԺ֮ˣÿһͨǰʮעΪǿߡֻҪǰʮӼȻžĳɾ͡
˶ȵĿ㣬ȴ㲽ǰʮ˴㵵ǣ㲢û׷ϣͣڵǧŰپʮף鵭Ȼ;վȴɹɺˮӿĲ˲Ŀ
Ѳɼֲ˶ˣ
Ҳԣٶȼôã԰׷𵽶ʮһˣ־Ķ󡣲ܼҲ
ϧԭ뿴һ漣ģٶȼֶãȴ벻ֲסˡ
ҪϢ˰ɡ
̲ס̾ϢʵݵķǲеġʵݣմķʽС
ͶȥעĿ㣬˿ȴ֪Ųϵһ⡣ǰһǧŰپʮŽףݣҪݵ⣬ߵļ
ǲ֮һ׸׽Ǹѹ⣬εֻԼٶʵǣʮ̨׵ͬʱеϣŨ׽ĺۼ
ǣѹҲǾ޴ģÿһϢܼѹԤϵļ
Ҳбףѹ£һһǰ־Լ־õĥͬģĵ֪Ÿѹӡ֤Լĵ
ͣǧŰپʮŽϣ̨״ݶⶼӡ֤һһǰ̤ȥ
ԭΪҪһܾͣãҵϢһǣϢʮϢʱ䣬ڴ̨̤ȥ
͡ɫ䣬Բ۾㣬Ŀٴϡ
̤׵㣬ǰ漸ٶȼܿٶٴ˲䵽һϢʮ׵ĲΡ
һĻ̲סһ˰ɣȻˡףݵѹһʵı仯Ȼ֮ǰһһϢʮףѶҪԶǿ֮ǰˡ
㵽Ҫʲô̫뺷ˡٶ̫Ȼܼ֡
˲Ŀ㣬զ಻ѡ
ǵƬ֮ȻֹͲԼڣͶӰϣǿз˾ξ˵һĻ
һϢʮף
˵һȵĹâ㡣һϢʮ׵ģݵǹʷϣܴﵽĲ˶ѡÿһΪ֮𾪵
ȻһϢʮ׺ʮֻ׵Ĳ࣬˭ףȴ֮һϢʮа˴ﵽһʮףݵļУʮˡУȵһؿһ
㣬ȻҲٶʵ̨֮ˡ
㶵Ŀ㣬ʱѾ˶ʮˣ߳ٶȣǰʮѾֵˡ
Ҫ𣿴֮һֱٶʵǶϣѹȻˣһ
棬ԶԳ
ֻΪʲô

۷׷ףжŷ˷ڣΪ˶ƽ



1131 Խ
ӵһ
ڶ
ڵ
ģ
壡
Ψĵ

ǰʮÿһǺպ֮ˣڲ֮ǰЩ˻ԶԶ֮󡣿ǣһϢʮ׵ľ˵ٶҶϣӴӲʮ֮񣬲ϵʵǶϣܿʹӶʮʮţʮˡ
ٶȣֱǵŰپʮŽ׶ûͣߵǧŰپʮţѾݵһˣϣݵӿֳˡ
ʥӣֻҪܵǸߵǧŰپʮŽ׾뿪ȣʹеˣ
ﵽʥӼֻҪŬĻǧŰپʮŲڻ¡ҪǧŰپʮȴÿһŲٵʥܽȣȴȡ
еʥ֮УǰʥӵĻۡЩʥһǧʵʧܣһٴǰ
ǣ̤ǧŰپʮŽ׺ΪٶȻ˶ȴ˵Ԥϣ㲢û˶ٶһʮ׵ٶȷϡ
һʱߵ׵ˣǼܶʥӻϣʵǣ֮ϵֻʮˡӰ⣬ɱǰʮĲΡ
ǰʮһѱǼпܲӵﾡʥӼҲѰʥӼˣӦ׼Ӽ
ȻҲ˵ҲΪ𶯹ǣⲻǾԸ֮
ǿҲǿϣƾĲʵǿ־ԼĿơǳԼʵϱȲ㣬ȴ־ϲ㡣
ԣ׷ϣһѱǾ޾׵üͷһҧǰʵǶȥ
ʮλӣʮǰȵʥӣʮǰʥӱʮǰʥһпܲӵĽܳšΨϧǣԷ̤ӵһʵҲͣʥӼ
ԭлᲽ۾ģȴΪҪӼѹ磬ʥӼδͻƵ۾һѹƣǶʮꡣʮ꣬δܲӼ
Էȴ⣬һҪӲ뵽۾ԾʱԲ۾ȴѹס
ʮİӣһʱٽ׵ĲΡٶȣ˲׷
ѱˣһֻΪɾӣΪԼκһ˲־ţֻҪԼȥɱǰʮܲӼԣܿ㳬Խ
Լ׷Ҳٶ͵һᣬٶһᡣʱ˾ѣһϢʮף
˵ۿŰӣû뵽Ҳ˵ٶȡһȻҲšÿһԸ˳ǣһȫֶʮˣȻÿһ˵ٶȣ˳ǡ

һҲϵ汼ڶȥÿһԼļٶȡÿһٶȶﵽһϢʮϣͶԷľ롣
˵ַû⣬һϢʮ׵ٶȷϡҲٶȲϵǰϵͰӵľ롣
ģôôٶȡôֵסдһϢʮ׵ٶȿٵʯףͱ鲼ĺˮˮȫʪ
ǼϢ͸оʯ׸ѹͬɽһӿҪļѹƵġһϢʮ׵ǿѹһֲֿµѹҪƾԼ־̤ˡ
ƣŭһ֮ĵշѹĥɹɴĪѹ⣬ҧݣ־ᶨһϢʮ׵ٶʵǡ
Ӻ۾Ķǰܸо˲롣мΪţźϣž޴ѹѹȵϢţ
޷ԼһϢʮ׶ҪѹǶԷһϢʮףܵѹҪ
ֲסһֲֹӺ۾źȴȻǰ̤ȥĳž޴ѹ
ҲһĻΪԵʣӵʮѾˣÿһʩչԼļٶȡͬģ˭ÿһ˶ˮȾʪҧݣ۾ϵʵǡǵıϣܸоԷŶѹܿ˹壬Ȼ޴ѹҪܲסˡ
㣬ȻҲˮȾ壬ϢȴƽȣûгִϢѵզ಻ѣ޷⡣
һϢʮ׵ڵһϢʮףѾ̨ˡǺѹۼӣȴ
˶㣬ļ͡
ˣڳˣ
һ֮󣬰վûеס㳬Խ˹㳬˶Էûǰߡ
ǣڰӵĴȴǾ޴ģһ־֧ԼǰУ֧Լ˳ǣԼļ֣Ǳ˳ˡ
ǹһǰ˲ܣ־ܣҲֲٶȣֻоȫӿ̩ɽѹѹѹ֮ǰҪǿƵġ
ҽһڵϡ޴ѹðף־ܵԭ־ᶨܵѹԽ뱣һǰ־ĳԽʼ
ѵļˣһܴﵽӲɣ
˰ˣҲӦ֡
ȻˣǾͻưɡܴﵽӣк壿Ҳգ۾ҪģҺαѹơ
ЩĻ䣬ڲѹƣ쳤֮ɢɹѹҲ
찡ڲѹˣҪͻƵ۾
Ҫﵽ𣿡

˶Ŀӣһ겻ѣô꣬ҲǼᶨҲڼֲֹˡ
˿㣬ǼɫɵȻһз·޹أԼԼġ
ܵǰʮˣÿһԼļ֣ǼᶨҲ԰ˡǲϲˣԲ֮ƳԽǣǵǾ޴ġֹܼȥģ־;綼ֱܼģ޲ӵĿˡ
˿˶ߣĿⶼеϡ͵ʮڲϵĿ
ٶȣǰʮѾˡ
ǰʮҧǿ־͵⿹ס̩ɽѹǵľ뻹ԽԽ
һϢʮ׵ٶȣãϲƵ⼸ɼˣò𺳲ѣʯ׵ƽ翵ģܸоҲѲ׽ǴʱǰϵȻʵһ㡣γɵѹ׻Ǻεȿֲ
£ĺҲƽļͬģȴӼᶨʹѹҲûһϢʮ׵ľٶȼֶϡÿһж˾ξˣв
Ҫʲô˶Ŀĵģȴ²͸㵽ʲôĿġ


1132 ɱ
ϣ̩ͬɽһѹϣÿһ˶Ŀģ𺳡
ǿѹһϢʮףᶨ鵭Ȼһж޷κƵģӴѹϣı
ڱѹ£Խߡܿ죬͵֮
Ȼ㱳⣬ԭΪһÿһ̨ף̨ѹϵ顣ʵȴȻһʼûаЩ⣬ɵĲϡǱѹߵΡ
ʱܵѹȵжǿ˸оԾޱȣ޷⵽Ǻεȵѹ֮Ҳ֪Ϊô
ĿУȴԼصӡ֤ѹϵÿһ⣬ЩҲӡһϣմȾһ̨׵Ϣ
ǰʮײˣŬٶȣĵҲ赲׷ϡ
Ȼһ˲䣬վ֮ǰ
ųԽ㣬ɫƽɼᶨûΪĳԽб仯ĲҲʼͣѾˣȻˣǾ˳Ȼɡ
ҲǺȣʯϣҪսʤԼֻҪܳԼļޣݲӣҾʤˡɫᶨ
˺㽻ֺܶΣһδε֮ϣʧȥ˺۵ġԣ˴ȻԽҲƽĶԴ
̬ȷģʵǣΪĲǳԽԼļޡ
ǰʮˣڵǰʮˣ
ֽһˡǰʮÿһǿޱȣӼ׷𣿡
ѹʵˣϺˮϪһ£Ҳ㲻ɡֶܼһϢʮ׵ٶȣ

˶ĿȵĶ㣬ͬʱҲעʱѾʼˡ
ѾߵǧŰپʮŽˣҪʥӽ׵żˡ
ʥӣֻҪߵǧŰپʮŽ׾뿪ȣǰʵı仯ˡ
ȥ˺λ׼ۣλҲҪ̤׵ĲˡҲ֪ܲ˳̤
˵עУײ̤ȥ
䡭
̤ϵ׵ʱ˶˺֮֮Ǵӷ´ģʯϣȻֱӻûһɽɽڷϣһ˲䣬ѹȵķϥ˫ϥҪ
֮ɷɷٵأΪ棬һɽαӺ磿һķХ𵴸ɽȥᶨޱǿ־ҧס¹
һ˫ϥ͵һֱֱֱվȫˮϪӿһɽվʱ򣬷鱳Ҳ˸ɽûĸɽʧͷĺţҲ̤ףĲס
칬͸ͶӰˣѣŷǼᶨܴио۵־
ܴﵽӼ־ʵ
ֻ֮󣬷ĲÿƶһҪķľÿһ̨׶ûѹȣѹ£ĥŷ־
۾Ѫ죬ҧݣ촽ҧƣԸֵǿ־һǰ
Ҳ￴֮ߵѶʮֹ
ѹǧŰپʮŽʥӾ뿪ˣ֮ϣǿӼߵ·̡
ڷ֮Ҳסͷһǿ־͵֮׵ѹȣʱĲΡ
ŷ̤ϣ֮ļλߣҲҧǧŰپʮŽףҪԵ˵ݽ뵽ϡÿһ˶֮룬ʹвӵĿܡȴ˴ε֮ϯܾͻһϯ
˷һ־磬ЩÿһֻһﵽӼǧŰپʮŽױ˹ȥ
ÿһҪףǷϵʱӰȴͬХһ㣬һϢʮ׵ٶѸͶ
ΨһȻҲԼٶȶϣȴܱ֣ڼʮϢ֮ͼֲסҲΪ⣬Ǻ֮ľԽԽ
ڰˣ
찡ֳһˣ
ǰֻһλˣʣΨˡ
˾㲻ϳһԺյͬģҲע⵽Щ㳬ˡ
ÿһ֮Ƕüͷ͵ۣȻĳӰ޴󣬵ǰʮÿһǷǷȻ㳬ȴסִûǷϣмᶨŨ
ΨĿǰʮ̨׾͵ףһ̤̤ͬʱһ̨ǰȻվһӰ̤ǧŰپʮŽ׵λá
ˣڵˡȥǰˣǰĶӼˡ
찡Ƶⶼܳɹˣǳܶѹ
̤ܲװ
ȵȣǸʲôôǧŰپʮŽͣ
ǧŰپʮŽϣȻûͬһ̤סΨļ״ϲٶ͵һᣬ̤ͬһ̨Ϻ̤ס
ȡ
ŵ㣬̲ס̾һԭܳԷû뵽ǣöԷˡ
µ㣬ϲƵⲻϵתת֮䣬˶ܸоĪѹѻϡ
ͣҲúӣ׷ȴûйЩɱĿһϲ
ɻв²ǼֲסҪϢˣҲѹ֣һֱһϢʮ׵ٶȶϣֵܼ˿̣Ѿˡ
˵̾ϢУŵ㣬ȴѧĻ似ϵںϵɹɵ֮Уӡ֤ϣȾһϢ
ͬģĪѹ£оԼ־ڴԼڴͬʱҲڴ
һ컯ֻҪܼȥϵõôݾͬˮۣˣȥջࡣ㣬Ƕ־ĴѵõĻᡣ
ǣҪ߲ȥݵͻӰҪѲס
ϣΨвģ۵ĵϡһ·ܵѹδζҪﵽļƵġֻҪ־ᶨһ֣ܵѹһֱ֡˿̣־Ѿǿһֹݵĺô
£һΣߵҪãƵ⣬ҲҪϸϸ򣬴УҪջҪĶеĻ似Ҫѹӡ֤£һ¥
ڱ׷ϳԽⲻģ


1133 
ϣϵĴ־־ÿһ֣Ǿ޴ѹͼһ֡е似໥ӡ֤ܸо似˶Ϊ졣
̨ϵ㣬ȫԡ֮УĽѹϣ似໥ӡ֤ľ͵Ҳ˶
Сһʱʱʱ䣬ΨһȺͳ㡣˶̨ס
ҡͷ̾ϢУһֱվ㣬ȴȻվվһ˲䣬ӿֹɹɵĺ죬ϣһս⣬սʵʣͬʵʵ⡣
սִͬ٣ݡ޴սȻϣÿһ˶ȻѣʧĿڶҪϾս⡣
սɨǿ⣬֮䣬ضģ˶ӿͬһľ޴ս⣬оޱȡ
սⱩϵ⣬ķ飬챻飬ϵѹһ̵Ȼ޴档
ÿֲս⣡ʧ񣬶Ŀ⼯еϡ
֮ǰδսݻʯ״ѹһãľ춯֮ƣÿһ˵顣
ǿս׵ĴݻϲƵ⣬㲽ȥ̤׵ʱһ̩ɽûû̩ɽޱȣֱֱĵ
ûɽԵҪ޴Ķ࣬˶ܸодѹҲҪǿĶࡣǶף̤׵ʱӿֲս⣬ȻȻķ
ݾˣԽǿѹԽǿսȻϣݱѹҲҪԶԶǿˡ
̩ͬɽһľɽǾսսصս⣬ֱӱҵķ飬׵ıĥսⱻĥû̩ɽֱϣʱžѹѹѹȵ̲סһ˲ҪѹȵĹڵϡ
Ӳ첻أκҺΣҧݣӿȻվվֱᶨޱȣ־ȸֱ̩ɽѹ
˫̤ף̤ͣǰҲƿ̩ɽȻͱһûľɽ̤ǰȥһ߳ʮּѡ
칬ͶӰпһĻˣһۡȻ޷ƿɽȴƣʮֲ⡣ѵֲ֪˶
ûľɽÿǰ̤һ󱲵ľɽ׳һ֡
£һһǰ첽ȥ
ߵʱѾŲߵסﵽָ߶ȣҲܲסѹ׷ɶ¡
ʥӼҪ׵ĵطֱûȥߵ׵ÿһʥӼЩ⣬ҲһЩľͷ
ǧŰپʮŽʥ߱ߵλãֻߵֲΣ뿪ȡ
ϣҲʥӼֲˣȥ
˽ʱ䣬߼ֲסһ¡֮ϣԽԽ١ÿһǰһҪž޴ѹǾˣÿһҧ֣ʵǶȥ
̤֮ٶȲû֮ǰһϢʮ׵ľٶȣǿһɽٶȴԶΨһˡܵǰʱֲϵǵľ롣
㱳ľɽԽԽ󣬽ǿһۣ˶ܸоɽ̺֮ľѹզ಻ѣҲ亹ֱˮʳʪӿĪѹ
Ψһ˶ƿѹûеƲΪʲôҪ֣
ܶɻ󣬿ȴˡȻƿɽɽѹȴԸ֮㷢ݸǵѹˣһֵļ
ĸоɽеִģɽ̺Ż似ĸֵ⣬Ȼ֮ɽŻѹҪѹ¡
ɽŵĵ쳣Ϥͬ㲻ľ񣬻ΨҵϢɽ֮ϡɽͬŲһɱɱȻ
ĵԴԼӲ׾֪һ׿ʼԼܵѹݵģҵġÿһ̨׵ѹǴаĵ
ҪǰһǾǺ֮⡣
׵òǱģþ߳ҵļ
ЩףΪʲô֮ӽף֮ϣ˲ӡҲ⣬ͻҵĻ߳һȻ̤Ӳûʲôֵġ
ߵ֮һ·쿹ضҲδΰ֮ߵֵز
˵Ҫ߳ԼļһѹǲġȻˣֻܰЩѹۼӣۼӵһ̶ʱͻ֮ѹƣܱԼǱ
Դ˿㾡ܾܳ޴ѹȴҧˡģеļͻƵʱȻ˶ɱ䡣
ļµľɽһ̨̤ףٶȿ첽׷ȥȱ׷ˣ֮һ߱׷ϡ
Ѿ㳬ԽһΣ˿̼ٴαȻĶԴǴӲ֮󣬾ͬһԼսѾ˲ˡͻԼļޣͻԼĵ
Ψһ˶ף۵һΣ˵֮ܽ뵽ӵĲΡ
ͻ飬ֻҪĻԵ
֮ϣɲ˱գȴϵĳԽһߣĽѾû˶ˣǿȻġ
ڳԽΨ֮㲽˵ĲΡε˿̣Ҳȶǰ˵λ˿ɺΨһλǰʮ
һ֮ȶˡ˿̣Ѿˣ궼ˣ˵죬ǰʮμȷϣб䶯˿ʵһƳ⣬૵˵
Ȼ֮ǰЩ⣬ҲûʲôֵˡǰǷǷˣΪӣȻǿ顣ϾһɽϣȻûгԽˣҲˡ˲
ţ˴֮¾ˡڴľǣߵٲ㡣λˣǲܴļ¼Խؿλ׼ۣǲҲܴﵽֵز
˶ڴĿһĻʱѾӽǧŰپʮŽˣҪ뿪Ҫﵽ̨ס
㿸žɽһǰۼӵѹԽԽĵһ뵽ɽ֮У㽥ɽҪһԼ
ﵽǧŰپʮŽףеĵ۳һԼһģһĵɡ
뵽⣬㲻Щڴٶ͵һᣬǰȥһϢʮ׵ľٶչֶ
ͻȻıһƬȻ


1134 
ÿֲı˾ڣڿ˾ɽ£ȻܱٶȣѾ˵Ԥϡ
ѵб仯ɣ
һϢʮҪֵܼĻò˶þ׷Ϸ顣
ھҪֶܼˡ
һȵĶ㣬дڴ֮ɫҪʷطʵݵˣǲܴ漣
һϢʮף˼Զľ룬һ֮䣬ľɽԽԽ
ܲľڲϵҧʵǶϡ֮УȲ㡣Ըϲ㡣ϣ֮ܳԽᳬ㡣
ҧݣǰߡǣٶȾˣȴҲһϢʮ׵Ķ֡ܿͱ㳬ԽӵһΣΡ
ˣˣѲҪĲɣ
˾ɷϵ㡣ڷһ̤ǧŰپʮ׵ʱҲһ̤Ρ
׷ˣ׷ˣֻ׼֮ˡ
ԭΪͽʱŷ֣治ǳܿȣ߷£Ҳ˵ĵĲΡ

˾̤ߵǧŰپʮŽ׵ʱ򣬷ͻ䣬һ׺ϣƱƸƱ鲼籩괵
ľɽȻǾɽԸֵ֯ĻһģһӰϣһģһϢϢ˿Ҫǿ
Ӱһ֣ǰסĲǰУѹƴбϣطƱá
˿һĻһԲ۾֮찡Ȼʵ嵲ǰ档ݵļӳ֣Ҫǿ
ҪһףҪͻļǣһǿԼ̤
˾ѵĿһĻкȻѡǴݵ˵ϾͻǴδֹʵʵġ
ÿһݵˣһδͻ̨׵ѹûÿһ׵ѹϵġҲ£˵ͻѾĥ࣬ȴеһ𣬻˵ļ
Ȼһ׾ͻõġߵһףܻӵеĵ⣬־˿
ԼõģãҪԼǿҪƿҪԼս
ҧӴѹֲѹ𵴶ֱǰȥǣԷȴ趯һɺһģһϢϢ֮䣬趯Ƹķ飬㱻ѹȵĺѡ

һԸֵ־ᶨҪƿ֮
֮Դ㣬趯ĵ⣬ȫ趯ÿһζ֮ͬƿѹѹȵ岻ϵۡ
˿һĻһҡͷ̾Ϣѡ⻹ôսһҪǿ֣ȫѹƵġ
㿴վǰ֮ɫÿһ趯ĵ⣬ս⣬־飬Ƿ趯˶ϵıѹ£ܾ޴ѹ
ҧ֣־⡣ǣѹҲ־ȫģ˫ϥѹȵ
㲻ǱӵӰӶѣս𣡡ŭս趯սͬХǵأҪһжĥ
˿㱩ս⣬һզ಻ѡ⵽׶ôǿ
ÿһľսȴûк֮һָΪ񱩵սӿķ飬ֱѹϡ
ꡭ
ѹ£˶ͷ죬ǱѹȶѾ˫ϥ˴롣
ϧˣҪǲеļһĻһ߳һסǣҪ߳ˡ
ĿϧˣѾߵǧŰپʮŽףҪ뿪ȴˡ
ֻ˵Ļ̫ؿˣ̫ңԶˡ

̾ϢѹȵӿϵĹͷѹȵĿϡɫŤˣҧ֣ôֵվȲϻҪǿļ
˿Ҫ۵صʱȴͻȻ޷ͻƣսսأܳɾӣӰվӰӣӡվӡܱȵˣ
һӾʹһ
֮䣬ϵѿϵļƺҪϣķ׭֣Щ׭ס޴ѹ
֮־֮ԴģԴ֮Դ֮ģ֮һɣ
֮䣬ʱ޾ķ֣еķĲϵĵķ֮䣬Ȼȫںķ׭Ȼһڣӿžơ

һ޾ķ׭ȻȻĻһž֮һǰļȥ
ӵеĵӵе⡣ǣ˿۶ķ׭֮ȴûеġһ£˲ķѣеĵⶼ뵽ڡ
£ӿƣ⾪֮趯һ޷֮ʱ÷ƱáϢһʱԸӵĵز
Ƕʵ̺⣬ȴĵӡ֤ںһ𣬺۵ķ׭һһѳ
һ˲䣬κһ似ȫȻκһ似ﵽ˴ɵĳ̶ȡ
׺䣬ǿķɫ䣬˶ܵľ䡣ÿһ˶ܸоʱ趯⣬׾ٵÿһˡ
칬Щ֮ߣɫ䣬ŵĿ㡣
찡ȻﵽֲΣǴ۲ſĿ
˾ŵĿ㣬Ȼֻĸ֣ǴǷ˼ֻҪһ֮Ҫֳͬһͷֳ֮Ҫӿ춯֮ӿ춯ܴ֮֮ﵽǿĳ̶ȵáԼȫҲܻһ
һ޷ľ磬ﵽֵزôﵽ˳޷ĵزս˶ֹ
һ˵ûһ˿˷ѣҪ۾ۣҪֱֱ󣬾뵽ֲ⣬Ǵﵽ۲еľ
˶㶵Ŀ㣬û뵽֮㣬Ȼ֮
˲֪õĲֻЩ似ڴ˿̾Ȼȫɡ˭޷һӵ似ˣÿһ似ʲôҪ֪붼˷ɡ


1135 ǰ֮
˵죬˿ʼˣϵԽԽ١
ļ似ɣŷǷɱ䡣ɱ֮Ҳ̤ס
䡭
ֱ̤֮о͵һһѹӿ֣Īѹ
׿ʼڵѹˣԴꡣ
ɣѹ̶ֲԶԶҪǿ֮ǰʹͻȻҲΪ֮ɫ䣬ѹѹȵ㶼Ҫ˲䳼
̨͸һɹɵѹѹ֮ϣҪȳǿ꣬סɹѹϵǰ
֮󣬷ǧŰپʮŽ֮ϣԷǷֶͻʱƱ鲼׵籩Ƶ׵ϣӰͷ
ҪͻˣҪͻƵ۾
Ϊ֮һĽĿŷ飬ǴԵݲ۾ӣҪٷ鲻֪֮
ٵĳ֣÷ɫҲϲɫͷӭ׵ĺ
ڷƱ鲼ͬʱ֮µΨģҲϵͻҵԣҵͻһĻԵӽ˶ӿͷҲֳ쵸ƣϡ
ͻƵͬʱҲʥҵͻơݸ˴Ե
ˣ
һʱ˵עӣĿⶼͶӰϡһ·ϱֶŹֺͷǷ˿ͻȻ٣ѵҪǰλ׼۲ɣ
㲻֪Լܵ˵ĿʱڵֵѹĪѹȻ嶼Щѹ꣬ÿסһѹ͸Ӽһ֡ÿһѹ㼸ܲ˵ѹ
ߵףҲɣͷźˮӿǿѹУҪѹƵġ޵еסɹѹԿ첽ٶǰԽȥ
ˣһǧٶʮס
ǧİʮһף
ڵǧʮף
㣺İٶʮף
ǰĵкңңȣһ޷Խ̬ڰϣ˲ܶӶԴﵽĲΡ
λ׼ȻǷȴǲԷǧףȻֻǧףԽ棬һ׾Խѣǧ׵ľ룬ȴʰңԶ
λ׼ۿʮֽٽ׵ľ룬ȴǧ׵ľ롣־Ǿ޴ģͻȻӾ磬жڴȻܶҲףԳλ׼۲ǰġ
һȵ̤ȥûͣ٣һһƽȡһĻò˲ĿֱֱĿͶӰ
ⲻͣԾȵٶȶϣλ׼۶޷˾ȣȴˡ
ٶȣȷʵ𵱳̤׵ʱҪһߡ
ֻ֮Ȼڵϡ
ѵҪǰɣ
ԭΪѾȷȴ࣬Գ
ǰⲻʵӣվ׼Զֻǿȣ־ļᶨҪҪԽ𣬼ʵ
ԣһʼʱٶȲ죬ǧŰپʮŽ׵ʱϢʱǧŰپʮŽ׵ʱȻƿʧܣЩ̱֮ݣ֮ǰҪѰٱֹܼȥ
Ҳһ˭͸˭֪һ̱ʲô֮ǰ˭ɱ׼ۣλ׼룿
۷׷ףŸìܵĲ²⣬ֻǿȽȵߣ˷ܼʺŶӿͷ
ƽһǰȥ̨׸ĪѹÿһѹϣΨвϢԼ֮ܵסɹѹ
ÿһ̨ף;ǿһݣ͸ӵļԼĵΨ֮
ʱ佥ʧȻλһЩ룬ҪԽȴԶλҲҪˡ
ˣǧʮ˽ף
ǧʮף
ڵǧİٰʮף
㣺ǧٽף
ҹĻ٣ʱϵѾˡܴﵽ׵ǲʮԽϾԽ١ߵ׵ģҲʮˣ
ҹĻĽ٣ܶ˿ʼϢһ·ܵѹ̫ΨϢһпʵǸߵ̨ס
а˺λΨֻ㡣
ҹĻУɲȽϣÿʱÿ̶ӡ֤֮Բ۵꿹סԴѹ
֮޵أѹ
֮ΨҶѣҲϢϢѹҺ磿
֮֮⣬֮

һδӡ֤֮֮Ҳϵ֮ҲϵԽԽڡʼ껺ںϣ֮ںϡ
ƽӣǰؼ䡣Ψ㣬
ȻҪ϶Ϊһ꼴ܲߵľ硣˿̣ɱ䡣
ÿһ֮ǿһ֣Ҳӡ֤ڡ
δò˴㵣ѵᣬԽλ𲻳ɣ
ѹǿѹȵѣҲϢţ˺ˮֱɫ԰ףˣһϣܸܵͨͨƵʮ֮죬ѹҪԶԶǿһµѹ
ԭΪֲ̬˶þҪһϢʧܶ顣ǣȻԾȵٶǧףδͣ˼
Ϣͬ·һ˲Ҫ̱Ǿ£ּһǧס
˴㵣ȴһֲ̼סƫƫͼסˡ
ˣˣȻ߳ǧס
СӲװİɡбҪװ𣿡
װģ״̬ˡΪʲô״̬߳ǧףԾȵٶȡ
԰ˣԾٶȶϣ˵ֻˣ²Żֲסɣ

˵עУٴ̤һǧס

סˣȻվ״̬Իܼ֣ͳһȻϢţɲȴȡ
һǧףѾǧˣ׼Ҳֻһǧ׵ľˡ
ѵܡ
˶Ȼĵ۾Ŀ͵ļеϣ̣ǿԾٶȶϣӲ첻
칬УʱŻȻķ籩һǧ׵ľ룬˵˵̡̲ٶȵĻһʱ̤Ҳ˵ܼһʱܳ׼ۡ
ͷ˷ܣ˫ĿĶǰǿҵĹâҪʶ漣ǲܳ׼ۣǲǻܴ漣
һȺûʲôϾҪѹ׼ۣǲ˾˷ˡ


1136 ᶨ
һǧף֮䣬ʣһǧ׵ľ룡
ҹ˶Ϣʱȴһȶϣ˶ʧ͵Ŀ㡣
ĿֲѹȻӿ֣оĪѹѹѹȵÿһ˶Ҫ֮Ƶġ

޴ѹ£쳤һףܻص㳤裬͵Ĺâ΢΢һ֮ٴǰ̤˹ȥ
˼Ƭ̵ͣ٣²ǲǼֲסˡ
ͶӰϵ㣬۾ȼſֲĻ棬ҪӿӲȫĵɫżŤʾܵľ޴ʹࡣˣһϡ
ԸͣҪȻҲߵּҲӡסɹݵѹϡ
һǧˣ
ԭΪֲסǽȴ档ҧ֣ѹӡ֤֮ͬʱʱ򣬹ɹѹѹҲϵˡ
˰ٽˣ
һʱȥٴǰٽסѾңԶˣѾҪӴڵˡ
ں̨Ϣûа·κһ߷ϡ˵ҪԽĲǰĺˡΨˣܼǵս⡣
һӣ֮ǰעǶңԶǲΪ˭ܳԽԼ
Ǿϵ׷ˣҪ˶ԽΪ׼۵ǣҲܸоݶǵӰ޴ܴԽϣǵĺôԽŨҪݣﵽ۶ڻ¡
̨Ϣ׼һĳ
䡭䡭
ǵϢʱ򣬶ȴĺ֮ݶΪ֮𶯲ϢƵġüͷѵҪ׷ѹ±ͻƵ֮
̲סתͷ·һ֮䣬䣬дž֮ɫԭŵȻվˡ
·߰ٽ׵λãһϱɹɺ֮ͬľȫ𶯣ż͵Ĺâһǿϡ
ô׷𶯣ɫء֮ǰҲע㣬ֻ˲֪ʲôԵʣһʼڰ⡣мЦһ֮Ҳûٹע·û뵽һˣȻ׷𵽾߰ٽ׵ľ롣
վӣĺ⣬Ȼῴ㳬ԽԽҲǰ̤˹ȥ
볬ۣ룡
ڵһò黩ȻȻƵĵ𶼷µϢⲻܲܳڡⶼˡ
ڵĶû⣬һһϣӲҲȵ̤ÿһ̨סԭɹ£չƵĶһϢԵƽž޲
ߣٶͬ첻ľҲûڵһȻξڳҲͬϢǰ̤ȥ
ҹʵǡ
ž޲ĻУǰУ겻ϵӡ֤֮ڲϵɱ䡣ÿɱһ֣궼񼸷֡
㻺У̨һϡ칬˿һĻǵ඼ƽơʱ˼ͬĲϡҪ˭ֵľˣ˭ҪǼֲסȻܳԷ
㣡Ͱǰ׼۰
Ҫܳ׼ۣǲİȺ۰Ƿ

˶ڴſ㣬ڴУڶߵǧŰپʮŽסߵһףɫ䣬һ̤ϰףֻоһǵѹѹͬʱӿֳѹ·ѹܺͣһѹ֮£˫Ѫ죬ϵ顣¶ǿļ⣬סѹ
ƣһҽҲṲ̋ȥһ̤𶯣·̩ɽƵġ첻ϣֲѹϣѹȫЩѪ˿ӿֲų˫ϥҪȥ
ޱߣĬĬΪ׼ۣȹѲۡһݣκαۺ磿ơ
˻ǿ־ǿվĿס޴ѹ˫Ŷ˰סȣٴŰһ׶ȥ
ֻﵽףÿһޱȣϢףÿһҪľȫƶһף׸һʱ䡣˰ף͵Ľڣͬʱѹÿһ׵Ķﵽ˼£ÿһҪ̤һҪԽһ
ǼѵߣÿһζҪԽԽһοԣԽοԣԼ͵ܳԽٴΣԽǧΡأ
ÿԽһΣĥԼһĳԽȥѾϰΪˣжû޵в֧֣ܵ߳һܳԽԼ
֮ϣ˵ļѡΪ׼ۣÿһҪķʱ䡣
ߵ׵ǾڣͬԷǷ˰סʱҲֻ߳ʮסʱ㣬ǻʮһ׵ľ롣
ɣߵףٶȻĽˡٶȴӣ֮ľ룬ϵı
ٽˣ
ʮף
İٽף
ʮף
ʮף
ٽף
㵽ǧŰپʮŽ׵ʱֱٽˡ
ǲûΪ;ԷˡΪ˰֮ÿһ׵ѶҪԶԶǿ֮ǰϵһٽףܱȵļٽס
˵עУҲһֻ̤˰ס̤ϰ׵ʱоݶҡΣ𵴣𵴣޾ѹͬʱ֮ϣҪշѹķ顣
ӿĵ죬Լ͵Ĳ̤ȥ
첻顣
УͬХһҡΣҡβϢҪҡȥƵġ𵴵ԽԽҪѳݣ㿹סѹȴסݵĲҡΡ
ҡ£²ȣҡΡ˿ҡβһҡͷ̾Ϣ²ˣҡΡҡλȼߵѾǼˡ
ߵѾˣߵףѾˡ
ҡΣ˫Ŵ岻ȣҡҡλλԽԽ֮ϣҪ˶¡
ϵ㣬ֻоҡβϢѹֲסҪˤ£ҧ֣ҡԽԽǿҡоĵڷ𶯡
֮ͬɽͬͬأΣ֮ļֶ֣䣬ۣӭŴϡ֮Ŷı䣬Ҫұ಻䡣֮мšĲ಻ҺΣ
ŭֲ֮ͣΪʵʳȥ


1137 ֮
м֣Լ֮˶ԭоڷҡΣ˲ʧӰҲ˶ȶ
֮ϣѹ֮ᶨȡֻжԼĵᶨӵˣпߵ֮ϡ
֮ϣǴ֮ףǶĵĿ飬Եļ֣
һϣƽȶᶨԼĵʺԼĵһеǰãеһжȲˣÿһĵͼһ֡
㲻֮ĲԼĵߣԼĵ໥ӡ֤ҲҡβġݸģֻӼĵѡ
һϣݲϼᶨ֮ţǰãǰΨҶѡ
Ψң˭ܵס𲽷ҪߣߡҪ
һϣݸѹȫȻܡᶨĵͻơ
һһС
ȻסˣŰ֮Ͻˡ
㲽ӳȣ˿ûиոռֲס״̬
סӰҪ׼һ²ɣ
˶ȻĿ㣬ĲӲ죬ȴ΢ͶԷľ롣ʮȴʮһȻĲԣҲڻߵľ롣
㲽ƽȣ˳ȵĿСϵ;ڵľ룡
һپʮŽˣ
һپʮ߽ˣ
һپʮˣ

벻ϵ˶ȵĶ㡣㲽ѾȣС
λ׼Ȼûͣ£ǲȴϸ΢ҡˣÿһѡȻ޷ߣǸ˵ĸоȴ
ˣǧһٶʮף
ǧİپʮף
ڣǧİʮһף
㣺ǧٶʮף
Էֻʣһٶףڷ֣Ϊ֮ɫ䡣
׼ۣһ۾ܳԽģ֮Ҫɡ֮ǿǧٱ۷հʲô
ںУ֮䣬Ȼȶ͵ļӿ죬ԳȵĲǰ첽̤ȥٶȳ㣬ޱȼᶨ̤ϡ
ԭܽ˫ľ룬ΪԷ͵һٶ£ٴ˾롣
ڼ٣ٶҲȻһᣬٶȼӿ졣ǰ첽У
ڲԶܿڵͻȻʼԶԼɫƽٶҲһᣬͶԷͬٶȣϵǰԽϡҪ㣬ȴ޷ѵˡ
۲ţܱ֮ġֶܼã
ҧסӰϵǰǿԼᶨ֮治ϵԽϡ
ʱ䲻ϵţӺҹٵҹĻ١ʵݽ졣
ߵʱѾŲ˼ֲסˡ֮ʤ޼ѾǧŰپʮŽסҪ̤׵ʱӰҡζˤڵأܲסݡ
ȴǧ׾Ѿ̱ϡ
ΨĺȴʥӼ̤ףԳԽ֮ͻӵһͬʱĻ˺ͺӣ˳ɾ֮λ
˵׽Ʊ鲼Ƕ££ÿһˡ
˵ͻƣò˾һĽզ಻ѣݲӵҡٴβĸӡ
ÿһ칬󿪣ȻӲһΣȴĸ֮ࡣңһٲ۾ӡ
˿Ψ˲Ӽǿס׼ǰСǣ˭޷뵽֮ϡ
ĳʱܼȥģΨ˶ѡˣÿһ뿪칬֮Уĸ߲ʵ
ˣǧ߰ٽף
޷Խңңȣ˶ԴҲ֡һԾǧǧŰپʮŽ׵ľ˳ɼͺؿУߵһûʲôֵġǣһܲܳؿ񣬲ߵĲΡҲΪ˭׷Ϻˡ
ʹ;λˣңң֮ǰĺˣҲû֮ġ̫أɶԷǴۼ
;ڵĸ߰Ƕˡ֮ǰΪԼݡǵʵ֮󣬲֪ݶôߡ֮ϣǶֲȥˡųƵ֮׵ľףǺ̤ȥ
ĺͺۣҲ׷ǡΪ׼ۣԼļ֡ںؿгԿˣ˺ؿУѵһλҪвɣǲܽܵģ
ǧŰپʮŽף
ڣǧŰٰʮŽף
㣺ǧŰʮһף
֪ʱѾʮֽӽˣڲʮסԳȵĲ׷
ڵڰǧŰپʮŽ֮ûжվϢȻ׷ţֻеϢľ񵽶壬п̤ס
ھ׵Ϣ٣ֻ֪ǵ֮סǲҲ֪Ϊһף⽫ߵһס֪֮ϵ̨׵ġֻ֪ÿһζҪֲסˣƾһɲ;ڳԽĲߵãҪû;ڵƣֵ߲ز
ϣҪл㡣ΪϵĳԽǳ
ͬҲǾڣΪ֮Ҫ㡣ԣ˶ᶨ֮һŵߵ˴˿̡
ͣþ׷ͬṳ̂ųƵһףϢľϢ塣ʱǵĽŶڴˡ
˶ڰǧŰپʮŽͣϢ˵Ŀⶼеϡ
׷ˣҪǲˡ
ʮˣ
ʮˣ
ֻʣˣ
˾ϣΨһ˸ǵԲ۾㣬һ˲Ҫ׷λ׼ˡ
Ҳߵ˰ǧŰپʮŽˡ׷ˣ
׷ϵһ̣칬һƬȻʧ𺳵Ŀ㡣з˾ξˣһ˷ܲѣȵĶ㡣
ʱ˶ڰһˣ˭߳ף˭ʤߡ
˿Ǻλ׼۽棬ܳԽλ׼
ܴ漣ɡĿ֮ϣĿȵĿ㡣ʶ̫漣ˣٴμ֤һ漣
׼۰ѾǾ޴ɣܳԽ̤ϵ֮𣿡
˶ѳȵĿתƵϣһĿƣȴ˵һٶ߳׵ģеʤߡ
;ߵͬһεʱɫҲ䣬Ĳÿһ㣬鵭Ȼһ۾ܱġ
˵ʱһ̧ž̤ȥʮֻ£ھ׵ʱ򣬾ҡΣһ˲䣬ﶼƵģеһĿⶼһϣĿǽӴʯϵҽϡ


1138 ̤
ɫأޱȼ㣬ּ㳬ʱ̡ĽŽӴ̨ףݶΪ֮𶯣ҵҡΣһױȵľ޴ѹ¶£оޱǿҵѹȸУѹȾѰɫʹࡣ׼֮Ȼ˿嶼Ҫ̤¡޸ܵѹΪǿҡ
һŷھϣҧסӿѹһֻʱҲ̤˳ȥһ̤һֻҲ̤˾֮ϡֻµʱϱ죬ͷλÿһ˵Ķ
͡
Ųµ˲䣬һѪҺ³˼ֲסֱ̱ݹ£֮
칬һƬţٵĿһĻ׼۶޷̤ף𺳳ÿһ˵
վδ߹֮ס
׼Ҳ޷߹֮׵׺ֲ
˶ĬĿųУűѹȶ¶Ѫɫ԰׵ûмдžη֮ɫ֮䣬ߵ׵ˣҲࡣݵʷϣܴﵽָ߶ȵҲֻôһСˡ
ڳĬУҲĿתƵ;ڵϡȴǵı֣֪ǲ̤һס
һһһ㡣ǰƵʯףվһҧž̤ȥ
һ̣ͬɫ䣬Ʒڣеһж۾޴ķ籩𡣾ڵһʯ֮ϣʯϵʱ򣬾ͬɫ䣬ɫҰף˱ѹȵ궼Ƶġ
һֻŻδ̤ȥ˾ͲҽһһɺѪҺ³ѪҺӿڰʯϣĿģڴʯϹ䣬Ҳȥ
ףǳܹ
һףҪ֮˲߹
׼۶ʧˣ׵ôֲ𣿡
ڵʧܣò˾һȻĿƵľסһδֲ̫ˣ׼۶̤
˵Ŀⶼеϣʱֻʣˡ
ˣǧ˰һʮһף
㣺ǧŰپʮŽף
˿վһ׵ˣÿһסȴı֡
׼۶޷̤ľף̤𣿡
ֻҪ̤ʹųԽλ׼ˡ
ֻǣ֮ף𣿡
˿㣬ɫƽһϣӿϣ̤ҽţһžײ̤ȥ
˶סĿ̤ҽţҽǵ޷ŴеĿⶼ档ҽֱֱ̤Ĳ̤Ͼϡ
Ϊܺλһ죬ܿҡΡǣȴͬһ̤ƽƵһ㣬ʯ׵û
ݻݣͬɽһλ׼ԯޣȫͬҪ˶֪ݲԴĻ˶Ϊݲûиѹ
綯ҲɽҡҲҡ֮Ψҡ첻ܸѹزܸѹ
֮⣬ȫȻ޾壬Ȼȹ
֮ѹ޾壬ɰȻ
ҺΣˣΣ֮Σ֮Ҽ֮֮ףҽ£
𵴣Ȼ޵֮ƣҲ̧ĿĿУĲ̤ھϡ
һžͬصشÿһ˵ϣÿһ˶𶯣͵ľֱֱĶţȴһµĽ
ǰʤһˣ
סУһھϡһŲʵԭƽݣȴӿ׾죬Ľ£쾢ɢ
ֱӵ˫ţȴȵվ档
Ȼվˣ˵֮ף
˻Ȼۿ㣬ǺȻ֮ɫ鼤Ȼվ壬ֱֱĶͶӰзξˡ
ͬģλݵȴҲµλ׼ۣҲ˲õϢ͵վ壬ⲻܣ̤Ͼף
λ׼۵ľ˲Ŀ˸û⡣ǵԲ۾㣬ɴŲ֮ɫ
׵ѹȫλֻǵ⣬꣬ǵѪǵһŲ̤ȥͻңס֮ȴסеһۡ
ףֵѾӽǵĵܵѹƣǾޱȼԼĵ֮£ɲ΢΢Ŀ־塣ϸ΢Ŀ־壬Ǿ˲ܣݡ
ǰȻ߳һ߳һѵûһ˿Ŀ־壬ûиоһ˿ѹȣûһ˿ȴ
λ׼ףֻҪЩеκһ֣Ķʧܡ
ȵвƽûвһ˿ЩԼĵŶôᶨģŶô͵
λ׼ףּᶨ͵⽫ֲߵ׵ÿһǴ½պ꣬ߵ׵Ҳ˫ָ˼ᶨĵ߳·Զ
ؿʱȣΪֹܳԽѵĵҲһ𣿡
ѵĲ𣿡
׼ֱֱĿ㣬̤ǰȥ
ھϣֻңеһãżᶨޱȵݸѹ˺Ѱѹÿһ߳ÿһֻǵ
ޱȼ£һһţȶĲϵǰȥУΨ֮ҪΪ·
˿һϣһͬشÿһϣÿһ˵񶼼еϡ
ֻˣѵҪһ𣿡
˴ӵ˿ɳԽ߶Զܷ񳬹ؿļ¼
߶Զܲߵؿһףʦ

˶ȵĶϽеˣǲ뿴ٴγԽΪⲻܷ̫뺷ˣ˿ɳԽﵽ˺ؿĸ߶ȡһǲΪܳעǣߵٽףߵٽסܴܲʷļ¼
ĿƵĿ㣬칬ȻİΨһڸոմﵽӵˣȹ̾磬Ŀ⼯е֮ϡҲ漣Ĳ
˽ȭͷ㣬һֱ漣һβ֪ܴܲ漣
һΣϣ㻹ԽˣԽʦ𡣡
˶㣬ĬĬҪ漣
Ҳ㣬ɫӣѵһؿĳ֣
ȴŷᣬӿҵԼﵽ۾ٴվͬһΣȴִﵽָ߶ȡѵ㵱Ǹһֱ׷𣿡
жƽÿһ˶Ŀ⼯ϣҪߵһס


1139 볬Խ
ɽ粻ĲԲΨᶯߵңߵԼģߵԼꡣ
һһУӲ죬ȴÿ̤һݶҪΪ֮ƵģƵΪ···
ߵϵˣǾǾ֮޷Խ
ˣǧһһʮһף
㣡һǧʮ˽ף
ͺǧ׵ľ룬˶ӳȣͬٶȿ첽Ķϡ˶ɫз·ֻнµ̨ףÿһ߶ᶨ֮Լģϵʵǵ֮ݡ
˵ÿһβȶÿһ˵ϣ˵
ֻԼҲΨԶԼޱȼᶨĵϡӲ죬ȴ
˵ߵֲΣ
˵עУͺ֮һֱǧ׵ľ롣֮ǰͬ˵ľ룬ͬģ˵ٶȵȵȶһ£Ҳóˣ㲢ûǿˡ
Ҫǲܵģľ߶Զˡ
ֻҪߵǧŰپʮŽףʤˡ
ߵǸΣߵһ㣬ӵݣȻŷǷĳɾ͡
رΨһˣ֪϶ôֲȻߵߵ̨׸߶ȣǲǴҲܴﵽؿĳɾ͡
˶ֱֱĶϵͶӰ
ˣǧһʮף
ǧŰپʮŽף
ǧףߵǧˡ
ǧʮף
˵ĶֱֱĿźˣԽϣһҹĻ٣ͺʵǣھԷǧ׵ĺ󷽸档
ǧŰپʮף
ǧŰپʮ˽ף
찡ߵϴﵽĸ߶ȣǧŰپʮŽˣﵽ˺ؿĸ߶ˡ
˶ĿֱֱĿźˣ˷ܣվӣץȭͷֱӿĲƽ
ܲ߳һףƺؿ񻰣
ܴܲһ񻰣Խؿ񻰣
˶סĿźˣڲϢ᲻ϹţȵĶźˡؿʲôȵĶһ񻰣ܴơʹǶϽĳҲҪؿΪؿ뿪ˣȴȣǲࡣ
һʱȴԽˡ
˲򵥣ÿһζ̤ϾϣÿһζܳǰһΡֻǲ֪һܲٴγԽ
ڴﵽϴﵽĶ֮󣬲ڶ˶٣漴ҽţһһ̤ȥ
һھǧϣûصľ죬еĲǷƵĵһ̤ȥɢΪ·Ҳ̤ȥȵվھǧϣɳȣûһ˿Ļζ

ȴ˱һƬȻһɴ۾Ŀ㣬һʧǣ鼤Ŀźˡ
ؿ񻰣˴ˡȣֻǺؿˡ
ǧף˳ȵ̤ʮĻ𣿡
˭߳һףܴ񻰣ߵߣ
˶źˣΪƽһһʵǶȥֻ̤һ֮Ĳ΢΢ķŻ˹Ȼӳȣӿĺ飬Ĳƽ
·㣬ƺ֪Լʦļ¼Ƶģƽһ̤ȥ˵ĿҲڴӺϷֳһ֣еϡ
ܲߵǧףһ֮漣
ֱֱĶ㣬ڴ㣬˽ˣԼʦ𱻳Խ𣿡
㣬ҵȴ㳬ԽһĽҲάʦĽ
㣡һֱԶԶվǰѵܱһ˸Խ𣿡

˽ȭҰԵ߱¶Ǵ˿ȴûһ˿˵塣
ˣǧ˰ٽף
㣺ǧٽף
Ϊ˷ӵԭͺһЩ룬ֻһǧٽ׵ĲࡣǺһⲻʲôϾԽԽߣľʲô
ǧٽˡҲߵˣܲߵʦĳ̶أ
ߵѾܰ߹ݵľˡߵģԲָ֮
᲻һ漣
ˣѪڡȻǿƣÿһʵݶߵϡǣܳԽؿǼεĻۡȷʵһߣҪܳԽؿش
ֻǣܲܳԽأ
˶Ĳ趯Լģ߶Ȼ۳졣
ǧٰʮһף
ǧʮһף
ǧһף
ǧ߰ٽף
ǧ˰ٽף
ǧŰٽף찡˾ǧŰٽˣ

˾ϵ߹Ľһ𣬾ķÿһ˶ɤ˻ô˴еļ
ǧŰپʮ߽ף
ǧŰپʮ˽ˣ
һףһףʹﵽ˺ؿĸ߶ˣʦˣֻҪһװ
˱壬ԭ˻֮ȻʧֱֱĿ㣬̧̤һס
ĽȵھǧŰپʮŽϣƽȣͷźˮʶȴֱ

˶ʱȻ𺳵Ŀ㡣
ߵ˺ʦһĲΡؿĵӣһĽܳ
˵ĻȻδ꣬һٴ̤˳ȥһ˶ѹԼĺ۾ͭСĽʵھǧϣʵһϡ
ȻҲԽ˺ؿ񣿡
ؿ񻰣׽ˣ
ͻȻʧʧȥһʲôǶ㶵Ŀϵͺˡ
ˣǧһף
㣡ǧף
ʱϣֱʣô޷ӵʹλ׼ۣͬҲʧǡ֮ǰΪ㳬Խǻʣ˿ǲףԷܱȵġԼȥȣⲻȡЦѡ
ؿ̳һõӣʤ
̾ϢһٴΰĿתƵϡӲ뵽ǧ׺󣬲Ҳһϣٴκͺ˱һĲࡣ
˵ƾУҪǵһʼôĻ˵˵ľһˡ
Ҳ˵߶˵ǶԷȴһǧˡ
һΣ֪ļ¼Ƕ١ܴܲﵽǧŰپʮס
԰ɣ
˿źϺƽȴĲ˵ĻҲ֪ԼŲš
ǰβߵǧŰپʮŽףѵһŴȳǧ׵ĿԽɣǾûдﵽϣҲ֪ÿһףѶȾҪ֡߶ȣǲ֪ǶôѣҲȥġ


1140 ۷֮
ͺȻɣޱȼᶨޱȼᶨĵһ߳ѹ޴ڣǴ֮ѹ
ʱȵĻ棬ʱźʱˣʱ׵硣ĸѹѹϵĴݻ־꣬Ҫѹ
û޵еûģڵ֮ϴ粽С
Ҫǣڵ֮ϣҪĲηֻвηߡ
ݻȴ֪ӡϢÿһ飬һ֡ǵϢѹ֪
֮£ѹ֮ҪܵѹƣҪ˶ηõĻϸ߲ȥ
ϣĵ֮ÿһף͵ǾһѹϴܳŹȥǳǳŲֻʧճ
Ψң飡
޵еһ񶼷ϣֵѹֵϢѹּѵĶԿ֮Уһϡ
ΪᶨȻңѹ
ͬ޵евϵ֮ҲһϡԲͬĵͬķʽȴͬ飬ϵʵݣһ£˶ĿƵĿ㡣
˱һǧ׵ľ룬ϻУ˵ĲȣٶȴʼͷĺˮԽԽ࣬ܵѹҲ޴ȭͷţȭͷϵɼ
ͬǣҲȭͷĺҲĵҧ£һϡ
ǧ˰ٽˣߵǧŰپʮŽײɣ
˿źˣֲˣȴһϣߵ˾ǧ˰ٽףһʵǡ
칬ûһ˿죬ĿһĻ鼤һ͵Ŀźˣһϡ˵עУɻϡ
ٽײľ룬˵ԶҲԶ˵Ҳ˰ʱߵǧŰپʮ˽ף˿һ̤ھǧŰپʮŽϣÿһսȭͷĿƵĿһĻǾ޴ͻƣߵ׵ĻѾˡ
䡭
ں˲ȥһ̣ϹĶһױȵľƣƱϵĺ۶ʱֱǿ׳Ҳͬһϣϱ鲼׭ޱȡ
Ϲ壡ǿȴۼϹ壡;ɺȻɴ۾Ŀǰˣвš
ⲻܣȵĹ򣬲ִܳ۵ġȳɾʹ֮λģ
ңϹ壬ѵʵȣΪ˶Ϲ𣿡

˶𺳵Ŀźˣǲ֮ɫȻǴۣôܣһôܳȣһһϹĴۣ
ˣȵ졣
ѹߵ֮ˡؿҲ۰ܳԽؿȷʵʱ
ֻǣȻҲߵ֮ϣΪ۵
з˾ξˣŴۣǰ޷ģ˿ȴʵĳǰ
֮˰ĿתƵԷϣһЩ̲סüôоϤһ
ǰҲЩϤ˺ǡ
ڶһ֮¶𺳺;֮ɫԲ۾ĿŶԷȻ¼ˡ
ǶϽ
һ仰ˣһޱȣ۾ɳȻĿ̤ھǧŰپʮŽ׵ĺˣǵķ·һ̱ƵģΪ֮
Ͻôܣôţ
찡Ȼȵһ֮һȻʵݡ
ϽȻ
˶ƽ𺳵Ŀźˣ˭޷뵽˾ȻǶϽذըÿһը졣
ѹˣѹܳɾʹ֮λˡ
Ľܳûʲôܷİɡ
ֻǣ֪Ϊʲôţô׷ɱģ

𺳣Ŀ̲סһ㣬һǵ񻰴ĵӣһǧǰĴͬϣҪܶԾһĻȻʮпͷߵΣҲһˡ
ǶϽԤϣһĿⶼϣȴŶϽľ˱֡Ҫ񻰴棬ߵֲΡ
߹ǧŰپʮŽף˾ǧ׵ĲΡΣĲߵʮ֮ˣÿһҪķѼʱ䣬ͬʱϵӿˮɹ£Ҳ֮ǰĳȡ
ԷѵߣȴƽȶϣԷһ׵ľ룬ҪףĲ࣬ٴα
̨֪׵Ĳ಻ô㣬ǿһǻǽȭͷ
׷ȥ׷ȥǼʶһ£λĽ棡
㣡ҪŬһҪ׷ȥ漣
ϽͺؿӵĽ棬ôڴֻǣǵڴ𣿡

ٵ֪ǶϽ֮󣬶ϣ׷ȥ뿴
˵ڴУҲûʧ˲˼ǿߵ˾ǧŰپʮס
Ͻǧʮף
㣺ǧŰپʮŽף
˿Ѳ̤Ͼǧϡ̤ȥһ̣ҡòסᵽ˼㣬ҡζ¡
ϲǣ㲢û˶¡վĸӼͦٴǰ̤ȥһŲ̤ķ顣
ֻʮˣ
ﵽָ߶ȣÿһ߶ΪѡͬٶֹҲһƶϡ
ȴϽҪ΢΢ôһߣȻԣڻ£ܸоġ
ʮһˣ
ʮˣ
Ҫò׷һȴʵʵһ׷ȥˡò˾ϡ
ܺͶϽ棡
ܿ
˶ĿȵĿ˵ϣɫҪ˭һ֮
ϽһϣûбģҲΪ׷ԽݺܶΣҲҪҪʲôҲΪ⣬һͻôࡣ
Ͻ˴ǰûкؿûˡЩ˶ѾȲˣסĲҪľǳԽԼݡ
ϽǰãݣȻܣͬĺôҲΪʲôһֱ֣뿪ȵԭ
ϽһϣֻгԽ뷨ֵǣȻ̤֮öϽ㶣ѵϣǲܵİ
еɻ󣬻ͷһۡһۣȴöϽ䣬ϴŲ֮ɫ󲻵ʮ׵ĵطȻһ꣬Ҳ
ϽԭΪѹȻվ⣬𵴣е𺳣


1141 ˭ǵһ
ϽǰδеأĽ˭ûгΪֵĿܡĶֻԼؿ񶼱Խ˭ȵ
Ǵ˿̣ȴһ׷ϣζ벻ġһܳԽؿˣòӡϽȻʱߵΣʵݻ۵ԭҪȻԲܳԽؿƫƫ꣬һξʹﵽָ߶ȡ
ϽòΪ˶𺳣Լʮ׵ľ롣ľ룬ǿҵѹȺͽš
˭㶼ܳԽҡϽ¶ĺ⣬͸¶ɳԽĽ
Ͻǽģȵ񻰡Ϊȵֻкؿţȴ֪ͬţԽѿǵֶΰ˵Χɱ֮һֱ֮Сдܣ֪ġôкܶ뿪ȣȴû뿪ȲϵĥԼ
ҲΪ⣬ĥϹ壬ϹʱڶΪʡΪΪʣԼӡɻꡣ
һһжҪﵽ£ﵽͱʵݣҪԽؿҪ߳˿ɳԽ̨ףҪȫꡣ
Ͻû뵽ǣȻ˺һߵָ߶ȡ
Ͻ¶⣬أźӡ֮Ҳƽٴλصʵϣһһǰ̤ȥһ̤ȥϽ𶯣Ϣףӿ޵е˷޷ӿľ޴ѹ
ÿһǼѵģһϽӿͶϼ֡
ҽ飬Ϊһ壬ңϽУ𵴶շϢͬҰ죬֮صϢؼΪ֮ҷ
ѹ·𱻻ƵģϽ̤ϷԽȥ˼֮͵Ĳͬһִļϣ·ҪƵġ
ŶϽˣ˰զ֪࣬Ͻ˶ǿѹһϹĴۼˡ
˴ӶϽϰĿתƵʱȴ˫ۣսȭͷ̤ǰȥʮ֮ÿһ̤ȥݶҪΪ֮Ƶġ
˶ԼѵĲߣͶϽľȴڲϵ
ʮˣֻʮ׵ľˡ
㣡Ŭ׷ȥ˶Ͻ񻰣
ĿֱֱĿͶӰһսȭͷر˺Ψģвϵĺ
˶ԻĲӶϣ嶼ر˫ȣЩ
Ͻǧʮף
㣬ǧһʮף
ߵ̨ףϽֻʮ߽ˣ𺳣޷֮ɫǺȻ
˵Ŀⶼе棬ϽһϣҲϵʵ׷ϡĲӲ죬ֻϽôһߣǾôһߡͲϵͶϽ֮ľ롣
ʮˣ
ʮף
ʮĽף

ʮˣ
Ĳϵı𶯣ͬشƵģһȻĿ㣬ͶԷϵÿһ˵Ķᵽ˼£סĿһĻĻڴ񻰵Ĳ
㣡ǲ׷϶Ͻأ
ǰĶϽҧݣ˺ˮֱͷˣӿںУϵǰųȵķ
ϽȻǸоѹˣ
ǰ˽㳬Խ
һΣϽҪˣ
˵УϽм䣬̧ۺǰ̤Ȼļһߵٶȣʼ֮ľ롣
ɱ۾ȫ֮޿ƥеסĸѹ㾡ܱ۾Ҳоǰ˾Զ
ʦ񻰼ȻƣǾõٴΪʦȻҪΪȥ
֮ǰһֱԼߣûкͱ֮ġߵʱÿһžǰԶˣӿ֮ġ
˼һ͵۳ƣ趯ֵѹڵͻȻһɿֲıͬʧȥƵġ͵ǰȥٶȾȻٴһᡣ
ʮŽף
ʮ˽ף
ʮˣ
˳ȵĶϵˣоþòƽϢϵ׷ϣһһ׵˵ľ롣
ϽУҲ׷ˡʱֻаʮ׵ľ룬
Ͻһֱû˷ʹǺؿôʱȳԽԷˡĵһˡĽܳԽΣҪάϵĵλ
ϽѪ˿ɫŤ̤ŽŲϵǰԽȥѹѹÿһΣ͸ÿһöϽҲͬһͷҰһ񱩵ʵǡ
ǧٽף
ǧʮף
ǧ߰ٽף

ϽƴҧϣϹâɣ޵еƲ϶ϣһٽס
ԽˣܱƵñۡ
Ͻߵǧ߰ٽ׺һ·꣬ͣؿڲǱɹâҲ˶·һ˲ҪɢȥƵġ
ϽվһϣƽϢеϢԼһٽףغͶԷľ˰ɡöϽ̲סתͷȥһɫ䡣
ⲻܣ
ھ󲻵ʮ׵ľ룬һųصĽŲһ׷ϡ
Ͻɴ۾𺳿׷ϵӰҧϧĵԼǿԭΪ˵ľ롣δ뵽ֻûԽԽ
Ͻ¶޷ź𺳣ֱ֣ȻһҧԼͷͷӿѪҺȼѪҺȼ֮䣬Ĺâٴαٴ̤Ųǰ첽ȥ
ŶϽȻľѪȼˣ˶Ȼվӡ
ϵľѾ˷ĳ̶ȡǶϽ㣬Ƕȫ֮巢ȴҧһϡ
۰
˳ȵĿϣѾҵĳ̶ˣ˭ֳ֪ܷܿʤˡ˵ﵽ۷壬ÿһĿתĿϵͶӰ
ȻܱƵĶϽˣ˭󲻵ġ
˭ۣ˳ȵĿ̨ϣ칬һƬ
ϽٴʵǶȥӲȴ֮ǰ죬һһʵǡҧݣȫ޷ԽĽ̤֮ݡ
ͬҧݣ˫ŵĲһƶϡ֮ʦΪϸ档
֮Ȼ֮֮칬һޱȣͬʱڴڴ׷϶ϽڴһĽʲô
˭֪˭ĵһ˭ȵһ񻰣
ϽĽϽ񻰣ǲܱơԽ֪ϽԻ͵ǾԽΪ۶


1142 
Ͻǧ˰ʮף
㣡ǧ˰ʮף
ʮˣֻʣʮ׵ľˡ˾ȵĶݣֻʮ׵ĲࡣͶϽˣ˴ʱҧ촽Ե쳣˷ܡ
׷ϱ۵ģϽУŭһڵƱȻǰ̤ȥһ̤ȥݶΪ˫Ÿǲ
ͬҧݣһϣÿһȶ񱳸ѹҪȵǣȴҧ
Žˣ
˽ˣ
ˣֻʣˣ
˶㣬ȴı׷ȥԽϽ
׵ľȴңԶ˶ʮף㶼δ׷һסʱ˫Ѿµˣվ⣬ƺǿ֮ĩ
ѵ׷𣿿ϧˣʣ岽ˣ
ҡͷ̾Ϣޱȵľ룬ҪŬĻȻ׷ȥġǣʱ״̬׷ȥѰɡ
̾Ϣ֮УȴȻĴϵľȻһе⻯˫֮ϣȹµ˫š
Ϊ̤𣡡֮䣬Ȼһᣬٴǰ̤ȥٶȱոҪ켸֡ٶ˵ɴ۾һ壬˷ܡ
찡׷һˣĽĽˣ
ףֻʣˣ
㣡ŬٽϾ׷ˣ
ˣֻˣ
˾ϣгһѪƺȼһ㣺Ŭʣˣ׷ȥ
һˣͲһˣͶϽľֻһ˼У鼤
׷ȥһҪ׷ȥͲһװζҪ׷ȥ칬´ֻȴѾֱϡ
ϽһѪҺ³ȣʵǶϣҪ㣬룬Ҳ𾪣ֶʩչδܺͶԷ롣
С޵ʲôͣ˼͵ģ˼ᶨԼĵ
Ͻ޷ƽ֪ҪߵֵزҪôᶨҪǧĥķӡ޿˼ᶨ
ǣԷͣ޵е˵˭
Ͻ۾Ѫ죬̤ϡԷֻԼһζ׷
ǣǳԤϵģƴȫ㻹׷ϣվͬһײ㡣
ⲻܣϽŭ˻ߡ
ͬ˻ߵŵµߣѪڣһ͵Ĵ׷ˣ׷ˡͶϽߵͬһˡ
ȣȣ찡Ȼ׷ˡ׷λǧǰĴ
һƬƬȻÿһ˶ξˣ𺳾þòƽϢÿһ˵Ԥϣ˭û뵽Ȼ˳Ͻ
ؿһͽܰԭҪģȴʦսˡѳһˣ
˶ȵĶ㣬֤漣ķ
ϽǧŰپʮŽף
㣡ǧŰپʮŽף
վͬһ׶ͣ½ŲǱˣµκһ˶ηʹλ׼ۣͬȻĶ㡣޷ı¡
ѣҲżȻˡ
ؿӶˣǵĺؿֲֻǼʹΣѵ𣿡
;ڶһۣԷеκͿɬԭΪԼͻƵԺ͵ĺؿһ¡ǣһĵӣؿܺ
Ͻźվͬһ׵㣬ҲƽɫŤȱڵܿͱѹȥ
׷ΣѾܰ󣡱Ҫ㻹ܲ߳һף
Ͻ㣬ʱ͸֧Ϸɫ촽ڶ£ҡҡ׹ŵ֮ݵĪѹ״̬һݾܰѹ̤¡
Ҫб£汾һһףϽУһžǧײ˹ȥ
һŲ£ݶʱ𵴣һϣ׵ֱϽȣЩ׵粻׵磬ѹĪѹϽҲܲסѹһѪҺ³ϵĹâ˲
Ͻ壬ҧŭһֻҲ̤ȥһֻ̤ȥʱ򣬶ϽٴһڰѪҺ³ѹȵͬձһϥѹȵĹڵϣŹڵϣֳ壬סԼʱѾѪ˿Ӽ͸ˣ˵ǱҲ¡
ǶϽȴûйԼ壬ҧĿҪǲܱȵϱۡǧףһҪԽ۰
ϽЩ񣬺֮䣬ѪҺԳ
·ԭڵȺʱҲƽһŶϽ鸴ӡû뵽Ͻ״̬£Ȼ߳һǵ֮ϵһ
㼸Ҫµ壬ҡҡͷ̲ס̾ϢһϽվǴۣǵݡֵܱزѾܲˡ
Ȼܣ԰ˣ˭ܱƵöϽ˰
˿壬̧ҽţһ̲סҡͷ̾ϢֺαسǿߵֵزѾȫ֤ԼˣֺαԼȥܣ
ҽ̧ͬʱз׭ӿĹâȫȥϵҲȫʧһĻ칬˸ҡͷ
֮Ψң֮;֮⣬ò˥ĥﲻ֮ɳʱʱΨϢң֮ܳ硣
ܳ磡ܳ磡ɵص磬ҳɾ͵ҵ磡
ܻȴ
Уĵתת֮䣬ȫһ˿ƣ׭صУʧ壬˶ϵıѹۡ
˿һĻǾҪܣҪˡ
˵ȴʱȴͻȻҳ磡Ϣߣ
Ĵ֮УϹױҪǴʱܹۿĻȻῴһĻ׾Ȼ͸֮Уȫ뵽У翪ٵһ㣬п磬ͬʱ֮УϢԭѾߵ壬ȻʱٴӿȻվ̤ͦžǧ̤ȥ̤ﵽǧһף
ⲻܣϽٴκУ壬ŵĿǰ㡣еҪվѹȴѹȵѪҺ̱ھǧϣһѪҺ֮˱ȥ
Ͻֹھǧף
㣺ھǧһף
ͻı仯칬һƬž˶ûзӦƬ֮칬һƬȻ
Ҫˣ


1143 һ
ǧһף
˶²̤ĲûﵽĲʷߵߵ˵ߣǰ޹ȴǿ϶ġ
ϽԽˣɾȵһ񻰡
ߵ
ÿһ˶зξˣֱֱĿ㣬ھǧһ׵㡣
˿̵㣬ҲɱУĻۣ֮ӡ֤ϣӿֳϢһû뵽ǣ׶ɱ
ת䣬뵽ÿһ缡С׷·Ϣ͸У֮ǰʧһɶ
׶ԺУ׶׳⻹ǵһ˱仯ֱ仯ЧȴԶ׼ԴԴϵӿֳԴԴϵ֮ŹɹɵĻϢ
׾Ȼĵӡ֤ȫںһ׺㲻ֱ˴һ㣬ȫ뵽ڡܸоĵԵɱ䡣ϣ޾ѹ£޷ϸϸĸܡ
һû䣬ӡ֤̤֮ٴǰȥ
䡭䡭
ÿһ·̤ڱƵģ첻ϵ˵ͷһĿ㡣סȭͷҪٴ߳ٲ
ߵʲôΣÿһ˶һϡѾ漣Խ˶ϽѾûжˣĶֲµݶѡҪ֪ݶٽףܴһʲôļ¼
ӿһ뷨ܲ߹ǧŰپʮŽף
˶סźȵĵһˣܴôĸ߶ȡǿߣҪβܳԽ
˵עУһһʵǶȥÿһߵļΪѣ·ѹƵģŷ׵籩ѹƺĹѹϡҪѹȵͷ
ʹϢӿ֣޵е֣֮ÿһҪķ˵ľҪѣϢƬ̣ڻָһЩŸҼϡ
ߵʮ֮쳿صʱҲһٽףߵ˾ǧһһ׵ĸ߶ȡ
߶ȣȴˡرǶϽ칬ϢĶϽȴ㱻ݣȴԤϵĶһٶסкȻŵĿ㡣
ǧϺʵǣǸߵġԭΪ㳬ҲϻֲסֻǼסˣұһٶס
ôܣôܴﵽָ߶ȣϽоþòƽϢֱֱĶϲߵ㡣
ģֻ߹֪֮ϵ̨׺εȿֲΪ˴αݣɡ
һϣߵֽײ㣿

ͶϽƽ˺ܶ࣬Ƕסȣߵĸ߶ѾעˡҪ֪ǣܲٴδһ漣ݡ
죬˭֪ݿ϶ܣû꣬ûһ˳׵İݵܡѾߵֵزˣֵܼܲƿݵܣ
ÿһ˶ڴϽҲڴȻʱ㳬ԽҲ֪ݵʲôܣֲϵʵݣȥΪĥΪͻƴ۶֮⣬һԭҪݵôľ֮أ
ڴעУһһ仺϶ߡȻߵĺÿһķѼʱ䣬ûһ˲ͷĬĬߵĽײ㣬еĿⶼͶӰϡ
Ϧ£ϣڼֵߡ
ǧʮ߽ף
һʱ䣬㲢û߶Զٶ׶ѡٶףȴÿһߵָ߶ȣѾ˵Ԥˡ
ֻٶ׵ľˣܲأ
ȴû˴ﵽָ߶ȡԺҲߵָ߶ȡǣܲأܲǼʶһ̺ܣ
㣡ס֮ףһҪꡣ
֮ף쿹⣬һ𣿡
̨ţÿһΪѣþȫÿһҪĥݻĵȵҪÿһѹԸֶεѹ
ÿһ㶼ܸоԼҪľƵġ
ɾԱ޵еģ϶ϣ޵أΨңϵǰ
ּ£һһͬţݡһ϶ȥڶĳصʱ۾Ѫˣÿһ̺ĵݡ
صĹâҫͶӰϣ岢󣬵ÿһ˶о̩ͬɽһ㡣
ǧŰٽף
ûзһ˿죬վλáһҹٶסվߵλãԶԶİѶϽ֮󡣶ϽܲʣǴʱҲЩɢ
˿ųԼˣܵķڷϽ룬ٵһݣҲﲻָ߶Ȱɡ
ͶӰϼӲӵ㣬⵽Ҫжôǿôᶨĵߵֵز
Ŭɣϣݡ
ʱûټʺͲһˣʲôȥʡԶܳԽͱģȻˣΪβ񻰡
һ̤ϣӺÿһҪֲסƵģÿһҪƺҪ̱ÿһĶ£ֹ̱붥岻һٽ׵ĵط
һֲͷԽԽأصҧݣѾ߼ͻ̱ʧˡ
һڴ漣ˣܳԤϡʹÿһ˶̾Ϣľ߲׵ʧܣȴ
ﵽҹʱȻٴʮףߵ˾ǧŰʮס
ʮŽˣֻʣʮŽˣ
Ҳһ

ʱ򣬼ʹһЩûϢ۾Ѫ˿ˣ˯ߣֱֱĶͶӰϣǼĵϣܲ߳ʮŽ׾Ϳһˡ
ܣڴˡ˺Ψĵ˶վͶӰÿһ˶רע
ڴϲûг֣˷ڵϣڵһƳµʱ̤ÿһоһס
ǧŰپʮ˽ף
˶վ壬𺳺ͼĿҽŷһϡߵһףݵĶֻһˡֻҪټһݡ
˭˿̶ͣԼĶ鶼רעȵĶϡ
һף֮׵һף޷߹һףܲȥ



1144 
һˣ
ʱͣھǧŰپʮ˽ϣĿ⿴ǰƵ̨סһ׿ǰȴüΪá㿴ǰһףҲû׵̤ȥߵʮֲףȻ֪һݵܣһô̤ġ
һ·ɫƽ;վһ档뵽֮У֮ϡ붨һ㣬΢ݵѹѹ£;վһ֮¡
һվʱõȴһ׵һǲ֣⼸ʱȥˣȴû˿ĶֻĿվȻ˺Ϣһ㡣
붨ˣ˴͵ĿһĻɻ󲻽⡣붨Ǻ飬붨ͲǺˡҪǣһ׾ǰˣΪβ̤ȥ
һҲ̤ȥɡ
һ״񶼲̤ϵһףθ̤ϡ
˵ϾǴ˵Ҳ̤һס
Ҳ˵ݷǷûȫ߹˭֪һʲôܡ
ô˵ͣʱȻΪһ㣬һ׵ǿˣ鲻ܹɡ
ϧˣԭΪܼ֤һ񻰣ȴû뵽һף

ҡͷ̾ϢĿվһ֮ûоٶҡҡͷҪ˵⼸ʱͻָˣٴﷴǲãϾȵѹϡʹ㶼̤һף˵̤
ߵһѾʮֲˣ̤һҲ˵һɱ֮
˵̾ϢУҲм˼ᶨĿ㣬ϽһȺˡȻΪʵǡߵ̶ֳȵˣ
Ҳᴳһɡڵȣȴٴǰߡ
һȴһ죬ȵ˵ĳأ۾⣬ɢƵԵǫ̃׳˵С
־ٶʱˣԭʧٴΰĿתƵϣмǿ׼һˡ
ɾڴУ㲢ṳ̂ӣȻıһ𵴶ͬʱӿ޵ķģĻ׭ϡ·ͻ˼һ㣬˻һѳʵֱ
ҲͻˣҲ֣ߵֵزͻ
԰ΨһܽͻƵӣкܶܽݽͻƲ֡ɱǿˡ
ӦҪͻƵģ֮ǰ֪ΪʲôѹơͻƵǿֲܴﵽָ߶ȵ
ͻ֮䣬Ť޾ķ֣һ׭һ׭ϣϢͬʱıãʱʱޣ
¡ϣ𵴼ɽһ㣬ľڴ˿ڷľһޱȡ
رǷһˣȵˡﵽ۾ӼҪһ׺֮ѡǣǰȴӶٴͻ
һ˵ƽһ۾Ҫһֱ죬̶ʱ䣬ֱȥÿһ˵
ΨֻжϽϽﵽϣ֪ѹѹ£ܰ˵Ǳ޵ıƳͬ޵ӡ֤Լĵ£ʵʲôֵģ
Ϊ۵õĪôοһδﵽ۵
ϽãЩˡǶϽҲ֪ͻ֮һҪͻƵ֮ѡΪ֮ҪֶΡ˿̵ϣ޷ʩչֶδﵽ֮
ﲻ֮ȴﵽĶ壬ǹĵϢÿһ˶ȻޱȣһֱֱĿ㡣֪Ҫǻ֮ҪֶΣܽٴν
˿ûֻҪ뿪ݣʩչֶΡݵõĺôԣﵽ֮кѣ
һ֮ӣܶ붼ͷۣﵽ֮Ǿߵ˴½ĶΡ
Уһ·ǳҪѹƵĻͻˡѹҲĺôһ𱬷Զܱġ
Ȼ˵һ·ջ񲢲Ǿ㲻ʲô
˲ûľϳ̫ãĽȻ𺳡ȴ뿴Ҳ̤һ̤ܲһ
˵עУתƵһϡ΢΢̤ţŻƶȥ
ÿһס£Ľƶһϣţȴûз¡
ûз£͸оһԶԶ֮ǰѹ£ɫ䡣ãֻҪһ£һ׵ѹܰշѹķ顣
Ľžһϣҷ¡˼ĶһĻսȭͷҪһסǣҲִʱ˫Ѫ죬ŹɹѪ˿ӿҪһֻȴζŲ¡
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һˣȻŽŲܷ£֤һ׵ǿˡ
һṳ̂ҡͷ̾Ϣ棬ûݡ
ҡͷ̾ϢʱжѹȳѪҺ㣬ͻȻ˳ʳɺѪҺ˴㵲ѣ㻰˼
ҶˣԭݵܣѵҲȵ𣿡
˶㵵Ŀ㣬żҪſµ㣬Ź֣㶮ʲôˣ
Щɻ䣬УͻȻӿֳ޾ÿһֱִͬۡⲻ𺳵ģ𺳵ִȫɸֵ۶ɵġ
ңⶼѧ似ɵĵ⡣
ѧѧж٣ǳǧ򰡡Щ似ΪݵԵʣﵽ˴ɵľ硣ԭǶ޴İЩɵ似⣬Ȼӿϵϣһ㣬ϵս㣬յͷ졣
ϽһĻɫҲ䣺Ե⻯ÿֵⶼɣһףԭȵⶼɣѹ
ԭˣѹֺų鲻ܹҲһݶѣȷʵʹ飬ҲҪѹɡ
һףܹģܹġ䣬Ψˣµܹİɡ
ÿһ׶ӿֳ޴ƶȥܰ㳹׵ĸѹ顣дɵĵ⣬㡣
˾ȴ㱻ݻٵĹͷʣµʱ̾ϢĿ꼻һֵľʱȴѪҺͻȻЦˣѪҺ
ԭʥ壬ǵҪʲôǽȺݵ𣿡
Цɻ󣬵ܿǾͿһ޷ǣһĻ


1145 
ûͬеǰ㱻ѹȵķ飬˵עУнӡᡣʮ֮죬ÿһ˶𶯣ԭ˶ֹƵġ
ԭݵܾ
似ⶼԴҲ
дɵ似˿ȴҵĴ
ʱˣǵ֮ǿߴɵģصĹҪ̨ףҪ֮߳⡣
ܣԽϣԽܽӴԲߵԽԶɾԽߵĴ˵ǣҪݣ͵Ҫ߳ؼߣһ似
㣬ͬ似ж̺⡣ҲΪ⣬еȫҪշѹ顣һֻˣȴ߳ǳ˵Ρ
ԭ˲ʵķ顣˵Բ۾ǣĽžȻһϡҲûͬ㡣ط·𶳽һ㣬ռ侲ֹ
־ֹǴУ˸оһʱ䶼ֹͣеһжһĻ
ϽΪۣоһĻɫ䡣ŵĸܵһУﵽ־磬֪ʱ䶼ֹܾ飬鶼֮١ǣȴķǰˡ
˵𺳺ͲУֹʱֻ˲䣬·˸оǴÿһ˶֪ʵġ
һжָʱǰ˲׳һĻֻ۷꣬ȻһҲ̧Ĳһϡ
˶ûΪ˶Ӧһ˲Ҫ˶ʬ޴档
Ϊ˶̾ϢʱͻȻ׾죬⾪֮춯ȣȵκһ
ɰٴ˴Ϊˣ֮ܽɳǧ似֮Ч
ݣǧĥ֮С
زʣΪۻΪһ
ɳѣҪǿжƣѰһأ
һδεʺУľıеһжںһ˻һѳʵƵģԭļһ̾Ȼֹͣ
زң಻أصĵҵĵ߳ң
֮֮Сȳңû֣֮ꡣңǵеһУҶѡ
ĺУʶȻѿĵͬıѣⱬըľգ屻شӿεѪ顣
Իٵʶ˵Բ۾㣬龪𣿵ʶٵǱ֮;
˾ȵǣеԪȫ͸УʶеҲ͸֮С
ʶϽȻľгޱȵĿľٶҲΨܿʶ⽫ֲ
Ͻ޷ͬ
ңң֮ҡʲôңȥңһжΪöѡΪã֮
㣬ͻȻ֮ƣƾȻһϡһֱ޷ŵ
Ҫңƫƿ죡ΨҶơ
֮УϵĻһ㣬Ǿһһ졣һжݿĴݵķ飬ǧ֮ĸɸɾ
һ̣ٴξֹˣûʱʧһжƵġֻ˻ľһ
⡭⡭Ͻзľξˣɫ԰ףʹΪۣ˿Ҳ¶ľ֮ɫ⡭
Ͻ𾪲֮һ˵ͨȴֲܳƺΪͨΪϹʱڣʥԴ˶ͬΪŲߡ
Ǿ޵еʱŤתǾ֮֮ʹϹʱڣܶҲࡣ
ǣ֮Ȼһ۶У⵱Ҫ

칬ʱ侲ֹһ̣һɾһɫȹ徵һֻ׺ڰ׺͵ëָշŵ׺ϣȻվ¶֮ɫ
ɫȹŮˣߵһϽϣôˣ
ӡ֪ˣ
һ仰˵ɫ䣬𺳲ɴ۾ĿŮӣôܣٸ֪£
ɫȹŮӵͷ°׺ӡײϽӡᷱһĲϵļ֮ϣһֵͬʱ³ȹŮɫԽԽŹ֡
üţʮɻ
³ȹŮӡûнãܿͣͣϽʵϣô
Щ֣ܸоӡĴڣʮƮ죬һʮֲʵҪӡұҶøоǾҲʱʱûС
ôɫ䣬ǲ˼ģܿ뵽һֿܣѵΪˣ
ⲻܣļһʱ֣ڴ½ڵ֮СΪյһȺˣҲ޷
Ȼ⣬ǻʲôܡϵʵ⣬˰
ǡɫȹŮ룬ЦҡҡͷⲻܣҶ߲һܴﵽģ
³ȹŮӵĻȴ̲ס̾һʥȡ֮ӡ˵һ٣ΨӡҵơڿмֵӡˣѾӡ֤ʥĻ
³ȹŮӳĬ漴ҡҡͷʥԣҲһ档룬Ľѣ˿̻ûв

㲢֪𺳣ʱĺһѾûеҲûʶˡΨһңеһж뵽Ѫ֮УûнǴ˿ȴһƮ֮С
Ǿĳʧ˿𺳵ǣǾǧŰپŽ׵ݣʱͻȻʼһһ׵ѡʯȥҳһ졣
㶵ĿһĻ龪⡭⡭Ȼݸٵˡ
ݣݱ٣ݵ𣿡
Բԣһ޵һ㣬ǳͨѵݵ𣿡
ɻڲϵݣ۷ͻȻˡֱӵգҪʱһֻȴ£ûղ
㵤֮󣬾ͳˣ˿̿˹ȥûղʹЩˣ޷κ㡣


1146 
ݣ𺳵ݣ˵ʵСݵ֮칬Ǹֹ֮ʧһɶ˶㶵Ŀǰ棬콾޷ݡ
һޱȣÿһ˾ηݣˡ
ݰ˵õôĻԵ֮أӵʥأˡ˿һݷ棬̲ס̾Ϣ
ϧˣ˭˻ǳ׵ĸٵˡݶٵˣһγȣȻ
ǵĵûмֶãܶ˶ķݵķϷͻȻŤתѿһ֮ͨͨ䣬׵Űͬʱ칬Ҳ˶ҡΡ
칬ҡγٵ֮У칬߸Ӱ칬⼤ʱԭ칬֮вƵϢʧһɶͬƵģǵǰһĴֱֱ쵽ȥÿһ˶鼤
⡭ͨͨ
ʧ񣬵Ǻܿͷ찡Ȼͨͨôܣȵ˶Գˣ˶ܽˣ
˴͵Ŀһͨ˶֪ͨ򵥣⽫ı
ʲôطֻʥӼܱʥӼ룬Ǵ˿ȴκһ˶ܽ˱أ϶ˡ
ȻȶȻƽˡĸֿ϶˶仯˼뵽˽Ƚɱ
뵽ӿ棬̲סһѾǾ֮ˣ߶ȻһѪȷ硣
ǿȥ½ˡȻãֻһء˿̣Ƕˡ
˷ܵģҲоġ˭֪ͨһȻд䡣
Ͻͨ鸴ӣѵȾͻ𣿿ǣдʲô壿УʩչֶΡѵݾǰ۳ֶ𣿼ˣ꽨ȵĴΪʲôҪ
ϽԽԽɻ󣬲ȵʲôܡʲôܡ
Ͻ룬֪ܵģֻѾݵɡ
Ŵ򿪵ͨϽһȥȻѾˣҲˡʲôĴ½ˣ䶨ȻϽһϯ֮ء
ŶϽ뿪ܶҲ첽ȥаΨһˣǶû֮ͨУͨ뿪
ﲻǾ֮أοǸոͻƣҲҪȹ̣£صʲ
һ˶뿪ȣܶ˶ǿһƬ棬뵽㣬һ̲ס겻ѡΣ㽫Ϊ޿ɳԽ񻰡
ݣݣ֮ⲻǸϢ𺳵ġ
ÿһ˵Уһ֣ӡǵͷ
ǰͨʱҲҲټ뵽̲ס̤ǰ˴󺰵֮ԸӵĿһǰȡ
֪ʱжϽܱȡʱǿԸ㡣ȸտͨܶҪͬͷӬҪҲѡ
ʱȴһ͵ǰǼ֤漣ģɾͶȻǵϣǺԸ档
Ĵ澳Ӷ˸棬οѾԶԶҪǣ㻹˶Ͻͺؿǻơ
ȻĻո˵꣬кܶӿ
ȻÿһҪʱʱ̵ܼѡߡ֮󣬰󽫻һ𾪵ķʽɳ
ʲôʱѾһĹˣҪǽƣܲһ壬ûȥʹˡ
ƣ֮밵󡣶һı־Ż֮ľͷĲǵ̶ѣûЩഫĹƸѡ
ȻͼŶٵıҪ֪Ļ϶¸Ϊˡ

ݱǣȺʹ½ٴͨϢȣÿһʱ޷ĵλҲǰȥﱨҪ㡣
Ȼȵ˲뿪ȣҲ֪ѿ˳ͨȡȵȻ
ȵϢҲ˴½
۾ӡ
Ψĺ˶ӡ
ʥҲӡ
ѪʥҲӡ
ʥǳͻơ
һϢȥô½𵴲ϢЩϢȻ𺳣ȴûô½Ϊ֮
ص۵㣬ȳԽϽݣӡңʩչʱ䶼Ϊֹ֮ľС
ϢڲʶϽģݵˣ㲻ʲôǶЩ˵ݺͶϽˣȴ˷ЩɢߣҲҪ㡣
˲֪ǣϢһЩУȴͬס
侲ֹľУ
Ƕ뵽֮ȴֲţôܳһ۾ûﵽϡ
Ȼ֪˶ĺ䶯ȱ뿪˶ѵӵϡ
һǿֲͬҲǾ޴ģһгľȻȫĸɾͬһͷһϡ
޷ģݵ֮ѹ߳һȴδ뵽ľ
ݵֻ̤Ҫ߳ܵõǷĸ򡣱㣬Դǣȴ֪ⲻݵ塣
оݵܾҪһ߳ˡȻ޷ȷǲģȴһָо
ңԴ֮ȻܸӡǰģǰӡһĸоҲʱʱо֪ܲ̽ӡˡҪȴûʵ
ֻҪһͷӡǱߵĲ̽ҲȫĸоҲ档
Ѳ泬֮ˣ˵̲֮סʧЦȻζԿʤȴǳ֮⣬ҲһЩѣҪĳǾҪ˿̺ûʲô
ˣһݣȷʵһشĽһγѵκһζҪǿҲУõ޾ĺô
ʵЩôԵ΢ˡ
̱ſϣӴһɽˮ֮أñ͵Ķ˼£ؼԪӿ


1147 Ǭ
Ǭڣ
ǧǰһڣһڴϹžʹǬԭǬڣǬǻΪȡлͨЦܶǬǲŸΪǬڡףһںĿֲ
Ǭжǿû֪ϹµһȻȻ²ٴ棬Щֱ˿̣Ϊ֮𺳣η
˵Ǭڣ˶ò˵ǬڵһλŮҲǴʱִǬڵľ
λŮĴ棬𺳺Ͳ˼ǡλŮһʼھԳǬ۳Ϲ塣
κһ𺳡߾Ȼϣɾһ񻰡
㻪ʥ壬Ҳûһǵ۾ŮǣһгŮˣȴһǿǿߡ
񻰵֣䣬ǰȥϽ鿴ǬڵһλҲϹȥˡΪӣʮʱ򣬴ص
ʮʱλŮȻѾǻ֮ˡ
ҪﵽӼǧ඼ɵá˵ʮʹﵽ֮ˣͬ˵һǵ۾ŮʹδҲ˻֮
ֻ˵ģϹŵʱҲΨһ
ôȥˣλ˵񻰿ĺӣ˿ҲΪǬȻŮǬ֮λҲǰϡ
һţһ̵šİȴֶơ֮£һ໹ӢӣһӣЩӾȻÿһʵ´档Ϊ׵Ǹӣ˷֮ƣϵϢع
Ӫһզ಻ѣǴð
ҪȻϳ˭ǵں׳ʶ׷գܣ˶ȴԺһҪ㣬һӭȢա
һ㻹նûзϵ˿ȴǬǰʱӿֵƸǿһ㹻ˡ
ǰӲΰǬɽţһȻĶǬڴ󺰺ӥ۵ͳǰݼǬ
ӥ۵ͳˣһ仰˾ڣһʧѣȻһλ۴ˣѹˣ
۴˰ܳɾʹ֮λǬҲСˣ
ֻǣһǰǬڸʲôǬ͵Ҳ̫Ľһ۴ˣʲô

û˵ֱֱۣĿǰӦһŮҪһ˿ʵѾˡԼҲǰˡ֪У
뵽ЩľҲЩƽ뵽Լܵõ۵ĴУһĿ漣ҲΪ⣬ʵǰ
صǬɽţ۴˵Ǭڵĵǰȥˡ
˵ȴУǬƮһƮӥ£ڲ׳Ҫ޴£ţ
Ϊ֮Ƕ֪Ʈǵλһ񻰵
ȻΪ۴ˣǴ˿ȴδȫﵽӥ۵ˮ׼ȻܳƺΪۡȻǬӣƺΪۡȻҲ˶ʧԼ˵ԼۻңԶĺܣﵽۣǬȻǰҲܰڼӡ
һԼ֪ܷҺüһ棿չ˹֡
˹ŹֵĿɻǬʲôʱһˣԼģҲ˵ѡ
˵ȴǬشʱһЦʴͻȻɹ죬쾪ˣ̧ͷȥһŰͷޣͷһߣЩƷǷидﵽ۾ľͷ
۾ͷǰ·֮һĵرҩݣʥź񡭡κһ֣Ϊ֮ĴڣĶԷȴһϹ
ôֱʣ˾ֱֱĿϵһӣӳʮֵӢƸǷǷ
ЦСܼġңСǺԼŵ𶯶ûаѴ۴
һĻ˭۴˶ѵݸΪ󲻳ɣ
ŶԷŵ۾·˵ǵ˵ͷϣȴҪʤ


1148 
㣡Ŵӣͫ͵Ȼʶں׳ǣ˾׳ǣ׳֮˹֮ơ֪ͬ˶СŸ
֣ϴ̤£ߵϵǰӢ档
˹֣ں׳ǾʹԶԷõһǿĴУڿȷʵˡŰɫӡ
֮ŷӦŰϺһ˵Ҳ޽飬ƺҡ
ϹЦ˵û뵽ֵõӥ۵ĵͳͱˣϵõͳ̫ˡӥȻǿȴÿһ˶һ¡
һۿŰϣſվûм˵ʲôĿתǬڣ˿ֻΪͶԷʲô¡
µ۵ͳ˰ϣǬҶС㡣϶ǬɽŹ
һ仰Ϊ֮һȵĿŰϡһ۵ĵͳˣǬС˭Ȼôǰݷá
ȻЩµ۵ˣĿȵĶŰϡµۼΪйŵһǿߡڰ֮ǰͳɾ˴֮֮˻ΪµˣͳҲ˶ˡû뵽Ȼ֡
һӥۣһµۡÿһΪ֮񣬿ǾȻվǬһˡ
С˭ѵǬ֮𣿡
ţпܣǬϽһҲ֡
Ҳ̫ˡ۵ͳǰرǰµ۴ˣһıѵƸ񲻳ɣ

۷׷ף۷׷׵ʱǬյɽͻȻǬһȺӣһȺӵ룬һŽȹŮӻ߳ʤѩȹڼĹճ̤ϸ޳˫ղ̤ϱƣ޷ȫһʵƮС߳ӵȻһ֣ÿһ˶סɫ𾴵ĿŶԷ
ŮӺݣȴֵȻÿһĻ궼趯
ǬȻԳˣ
Ҳԣ۴ǰǬҲó׵
˿ƮͬŮŮӣһ鼤
ǬͰǰд󣬸Ͻ
Ů΢΢ͷ³ʵ԰µ۰֮չسһ磬Ȼ´Уɹˡܵõµ۵ĵͳǺûԵ
ǬĻ䣬һȻĺͲŵĿŰϡµ۰ǰʹﵽ֮ɹǾǴﵽ
񡭡Ȼ֮ӡʧĿŰϣ
ˣҵõԵѡЦЦ˵
ŮҡҡͷҲʽں׳֮ʱһʱھͿĳиоû뵽ô㻹ûգҲһˡ
Ц˵Ҳû뵽ҴСܳΪǬȻ֪֪۾ʲôҲ֪жšȻϷ͵ϣҪǻڣʮҲˡ
ϵĻŮӵҲЦ¶Ҫ͸ĻȻܼǵľ
ٲ֪Ǻֵû䡣Ůӻ˵Щ׷䣬Ű˵ЩվҪֵģˣҲˡСʱ㺣ܳãοմСʱʮַ㡣
ЦСҲ˵ˣЩǻıġСʱܾʲôҪǿǡԲǴѩ̣Ƕ򣬶ûùգҲ˲ϲҡǣ˿ȴԸػһӵҸ
ŮӳĬûзҲûоܾ;վǡ
˵ɫ䡣ҲΪնȴû뵽Է㵽Ȼɰϳɹ̤ǰһ˵СӦңֻҪһɾһ޵аȥ
ŮӿЩȣô˵
ͷ˵ҪǲţС㣡ʱسŵϣͨڡ
һ仰Ů̲סһۣǲɣΪûж˸ƭο飬ֻҪһվ֪
һɾһ޵аôĿʵҲﵽŵϴЦЦ
㲻ãۿŰϣǴ۵ͳˣ˿Ҳʵ˵۾Ǿͷ֮һһǴ´ˡ
ң۰ǷЦҪ˵һأҾ͸ҽڵҪǲܹһ
㡭Űϣɫ
ô˵ˣȻң͹ﶪۡ϶ΪѺãȻյ⡣ģ˭Ҳ޷ı䡣
걻ǸҶ˿ҪȡԼĶ
ʲôҲŭǴ۴ˣȻʾ˹ȥ
ϹЦôǲҪ֤һɣɣֻҪʤңҾͳһҪȻҹ
ܵƣɫѿ㣬һվǰһҪĸС˴Σ˭˭뿪
Ͽ뿪ȻսеıĸŨ׷ɱ˵ͳ֮ء⼸꣬û뿪˼ʱ䣬еͳˣʵ˴ﵽһַǷĵز
˿̵ֻҪϵĺ͵ͳںϣͬҲΪ⣬оԵš
ȻˣҾͳȫ㡣ϻ̤һһ̤Ϊ֮𶯣ƱãϵĶʱ޾Щӿ𵴲Ϣ޴ơ
Ǭ½ֹ䣬Ǵ˿ȴûŮҲֻǾĿһĻ
״ŭһڳ֮죬һͷޣķƣŰ˹ȥײеϢÿһ˶Ȼѡ
˳ȥֱӿϣ񷶼˺ѡս¶ţ㹻ˡ
ϼ趯ȴЦѣɱҵǿԭȱ¡ˣһоͰ㡣
˵ͬʱһĺһƺȥѹȵݣһ֮ϣ˲ֱƵ˿ͣӡ˹ȥһӡȥ״ݻ١
һĻɫ䣬Ҳɴ۾ŵĿһĻһ۵ͳˣȻһƶס
ۿһҪϣͻȻŤձһǣȥܿһһϣݡ
ǰɫȴ䣬һȵ˭
ɻʱԶգӿɹ죬žӿֳ˵ĿⱻԶ֮߳ǿߣŽɫףǰ·
Ի֮·ÿһ˶Բ۾Ҫ֮ʲôȻ


1149 
ǰ𺳵һĻԶգ߳ȺԻ֮·Ե۾Դ澳档һȺ룬һͷȫϡɣޱȡǰͷͷÿһͷƾ;ˡ
˿ͷޣ̲סһͷȻʶϹʥѪ꽣ſȵ۾ʵʮɽŲ١ʮײУϲȺӣ˸ȥǡ
ǣͷޣȻϵķΪɵˡ
ϵǸ̲꣬סļ£˭ôӪֱʣЩʥӶų
֮ǰ濪·ֲô
ǣȴǰһĻǬҲ̲ס˹ȥ
ٺ𾪰ǿͬʱҲ뵽˭˿̿һĻȴΪ˶ֹͣˣ˴
Ȼ㣬Ŀɨϣޱ飬Ԧֻɽǰ
˵ֻҲùӴ뿪ȣʮɽСлָû뵽ΪɵԪ䶯ͷǰͷײеҪ
ǺʵȻȻѽſ£˲ʱ̣Źʿͷʵ
ڸЩˣȻġû뵽ôˣ֮Ը档ǿ߶ӪУȻᷴԣ֮󣬾߸
⻹ֻеһֶѣȻҪ
ɵ𺳣ͱ˳漣ˡ㲻֪öηж˾ߵ޵еĸ߶ȡҲΪ⣬кܶǿԸ㡣
㣡Ͽϻˣ¶˲֮ɫ
ôҲţȻʹ֮Ϊ俪·Լǰµ۴ˣɾ͵۾ӣҲ֮ľǿߡǣȻʹ֮·
ôԲԣ㿴ŰЦҲ⣬Ȼܳɾ͵۾ӡ
ⲻܣŭ㣬鼤Щڴ֮ط޾ĵõͳУҲߵһӿϢҲߵһܵˣ
ЦЦûԷ˻ߣĿ⿴˵֣
ɫӵĿ㣬յļҶڶԷУȴû뵽ʱ֮ԼȻˡ
лȡ˵
ЦҡҡͷǵǲãֻǿˬҪ˺ˣȻˡ
Ļ֪Ӫֵ˭ҲһЩ˵ˣȴüѡ
ѵǸӲɣܰʥӶѣȻЩҲư֮·ҼҪҲѶȰ
˹ŹֵĿ㣬֪Ǵðġ
к֮ſƣƮŮӣŮӣ۾͵͸ŮӣҲ͸ԷԷĲ򵥡
Ҳûʲôȵġһһǵ۾Ů˵ʲô
С㣡ûгƺԷΪԴСƺǸ֮ԷԼݣԼԼҵļҶݡ
ŮɫҲЩӣҶȻλһֱ߶¼Ҳ˵ܶࡣҵСһ˹ϣΪմ󴳻ʹ
κһ飬ŮӶϵһҶġǣȷȷʵʵһҶġ
ҪǣҲ֪ԷҵȻΪӣɳҲ󡣾һȻһĵյļҶ˿̣ӵݣԻ֮·ԸԼǼҶ
Ҷ䱰΢ƽֻǳ裡˿̵ƣҪ׾٣Ǵ鿴·˿ĳƺƵģȫ̹Ȼԡ
ԣŮ̲ס̾һ
Ҫл㣡ŮӶлһ仰òвƽǬȻ˵л
ȴЦЦ˵ûʲôȻ˶СҶܵΪԼĹ𣡡

һƬȻһԲ۾Ŀ㣬鲻
˵ʲôǼҶ
ǲģһƵȻһҶ
ʲôЦ˭ܶõļҶС㵽ʲôǬλҪ𣿡
λСҪ˰ɣһʹ֮ȻļҶ
Ϊ֮𺳲һʧǵĿ㣬оЦƵġûЦΪӶԷı鿴óġ
˶оԴˣӦ
ŮչһЦӵʥѪǰļҶҿò𡣡
˾ˣǴֻʥӼŹȥһ꣬ôƣ
ҶûʲôõģοֻǶСļҶСҪָʾңҾҪǿˣЦ˵
Ůӿ㣬ǸӵġĴȻܴϲ㡣㣬ŮʮֲϲġǣȴΪ˺ܶ࣬رǵӲʹҲΪ֮𶯡
ŮȴԸպһ𣬲ֻΪյļҶǣݺ⣬ѪӣǺص۵ĵӡĸݣŮӶԸպ㿿̫
Ůӿ㣬һ˴ǰΪ£
ȻСļҶ㵭˵
ˣտòļҶ
ǲУӦС㣬ȻҪȥ
εݣû㣡
ʲôݣҲǶСļҶ

һζԻǴ֮ɫԴˡʲôһҪҶһȴҪ
֪֪ʲô˰ƿҲӼȻҪҶζЦɣ
ϰʲôݰݵʦҪ֮ȻȥһҶϣԴûɣ
˶͵ĿһĻ߸ǵ֪
õʱ򣬰ȴŭһʲôˣǬҪ㣬㻹ȡ裡
仰΢΢üͷϣˣ°ܽˡô°˻ҪҳһΣ
㡭ɫǺ죬ȭͷգ˭ʤ˭ܣڻδ֪
Цһ׵İ㣬˿ȻҲ׵ʰ㡣Ҫ㣬˿̾ͼβ͹



1150 ǿޱ
һͼļҶҲڱǰСУ㵱ʲôŭˣʮֲʡ˿̣һⳡӵĻᡣۿ㣬֮ɫ̤ǰ
һ仰ŭ֮ߣͼʲôŭֲѹСԲķӿرɫ˵ķ֮
ʲôҲҶϴСУλ֮Уֱ֮䰲϶ȥ
ֲ֮ʹΪ۾ӣҲСӡ֮趯ķӰҪܿС˻֮Ŀֲضǵķ򣬰޷ֵ
ۿ˵ķҪڰϣǬŮȴһһȻȴ֮ķ׵ĸݻ٣⹥֮δڰϡ
֮ǿɫ˱䣬Ŀ⿴С㣬дż־壬ȴûٳˡƾһԾƿǷζ򲻹
״ЦЦվǰһ˵λȥɡһСѣòǶŭ
ǣô˵֮ˣվ
ЦЦŮ˵ұϾҵļҶҲˡ˶ԸԼˣδЩ˵ȥɡ
Ůҡҡͷڲûа˼ֻǾǬڵıֶѡ
Ҳνʼ磬ŮӼƽϣĿ⿴˵걾ܰ㣬ܰ㡣ߵĻ˵ʲôҲŶС㣡
ʲôΪԼмֱ£ҫɣ϶㡣
ЦȻڱǰҫǰһ»ǿԵġҪǲȳֶѡôȥˣҪ㵽׳ûС
⼫ĻɫѿĿ㣬ײУˣǽҾͷ㡣
˵꣬ӿ֮Ļ棬ڿգҪһ㡣˸оܵ¶ڷߣܱ鲼ܻ棬뵽ؼ䣬عһ޵еϢ۾ӵչ¶ţ˿һĻкȻޱȡ
վһԣɫ䣬֪Է׺εȿֲѾͨĵ۾ˣǻ֮֮£սκһ˰ɡ
̲ס㣬ȴɫȻ˿ûйԵĻ棬ЦſǰĻ棺ô꣬ǻӡǿֲпáжӼվȲġ
˭˵Ц챾ӾͰյʬ޴档
֮䣬޾Ļŷصķ򣬻
°ܽǾ°ܽԶܷҪ㣬һԣ
Ļò˻ȻʧĿ㡣һҪܰϣΰɣԷϾһ۾Ӽҿƣ²ֹһӦҪߡ
һɨ֮֮¶ǲܡȻһܰܣ
˵ĻУΨиһɫƽֻʶ漣ǣεȵĿֲʹǣҲ֪Ǻֲˡܣ·𲢲Ǻǿ
˭֪أɱ׼ۣ׼׷ɱܵݣʱ䶼Ϊ֮ͣٵ˭֪ǿ
Щܸо㲢ûдﵽ֮ǲ˶С㡣ݣҪ֮ѡǣûв롣
һԸһӼ۾һаʲôѵġ
ǿ񱩶ĻأֱɨɫǱ֮ɫŶԷܱȵùŻԽԽеļЦŨ
ּЦУƣȻûκӿֱֱ̺ſĻץ˹ȥ
˿һĻɫ䣬һȻǷ𣿳ץ̺ӷĻ֪еĶֲ
Ļ֮ǿҲɫ˱䣬ҪǼ״̫漣Ƕ׼ԳΪ㵲¡
ΨǬվ鵭Ȼ鵭Ȼȴ𺳲ѣ۲ſܴﵽľδﵽģûв۰
˿ѵ㿴ץȴ̺Ŵɵ⣬ɵǿȻһһץطȻͬʱŻץ˶ȥ
նʱ𺳵һĻǰһ˫ץ񱩵Ļͬ˳èһоȻֹһ㣬
Ϊ𺳣ϸǵԲ۾Ŀ㣺ⲻܣ
ǣȴûлشⱻץĻֱֱ׳ȥԭĿ񱩵ĻȻŤתֱֱĳ϶ȥ
ɫ䣬дŲ֮ɫӡϵĴȴƲˡѪɫ۳Ȼ޷ƣ
˿һĻǵԲ۾̫ˡϵȻƿˣʲôֶΣ
ǬʱҲɫˣҪǴʱ͸֮󿴵ǵȻܷǾɫ
أŤת⡣ֶΡ
Ȼĵ⣬Ťת˰ϵĵ⡣ʱǰģǳȥģȴȫıˣȫ⡣
ֻǣҪ֮ѡ˵ǴܴﵽֶΡתͲÿ۶ģرתһӵ⡣
ȴˣ׾١
Ǭ¶壬ǲšһ޷ֶΣҪǳЩͨĳЩ϶ˡǰֻһ֮ﲻˡ
ǬȻ֪㷢ʲôҪ֪ݣͲôˣܵסӡ֤ԼǴ
һˣŤת˵⣬ʲô֮УֶΣ
ϼ޷ƿ趯ĻִֻܱٵĵסԼ趯Ļ
ײһҽһ嵹ɳȥԶһʯϣʯֱͿѪҺɫ԰׺;壬鼤ܣ㲻㣡
ɨ˶ԷһۣŲм֮ɫûʲôܵģǰ˵ϣɧŶС㣬Ȼӽ
ԵĻһ㶵Ŀ㣬з˾ξˡһ۾ӣһжסһ˲ŵֶΣ׾ٵľʰˡδ̫ǿ˰ɣ
Ǵʱ
һȺˣ˿ȴ£֪ǿδ뵽ǿֵزִж׾ʰˣжǿ
ûֻ֪˿̵Բ֮
ȻҲݵ׵õ˺ε



1151 ԭ
վһѣ
㲻ĻĿ⿴ϣ֮ͬɫҲһ֮ӣԭӦĿһˡһȴ䵽ĵĵز
ϼһͬ̾Ϣı鿴ԹϣĶ㣬ҪԽȥƵġ
ڶԷӶĿ⿴ŮЦС㣡ʱҿȥС˰ɣ
Ůӿһ۰ϣ˵ǿͣȥΪˣ
ǣǬڵӹӦҪΪˡ
Ҳ⣬ܴ˰һΣܴΡѾˡĲҪնѡ
մʱʺŮӿ㻺˵
Ҳˣ㿴Ůֱֱ˵
ŮӶ㣬ãŶͰ˵Ǭɽ˽롣λҪҲ޷Ӧλذɡ
ŮӵĻȴûмԭΪԼһˣյĹˣԼͶԷжԶΣѵܴӦԼɣ
ԼļҶԼ˿ȻҲ
뿪㹪һ񣺡֣л֮Եټ
ЦЦνİڰֵϣҶ͡ҪԸ⣬ǰȥҴɣӭļ롣
㶣ܿ͹˵ǣ
һƿΪ˵ǬڵӣĿ㣬һԲĴĲ뿪УȻȥɧաףҪǬ棬ȫɱ
ԭƺƵˣ뿪˵С̲סզ࣬˼־ηҲڲ²㵽ʲôʵ
Ůӿ뿪Ŷ˵ȻҼҶҲԼˡˣǾ汾ڽڰɡӲڣ档
֪ǬһڣŮӵҲ⡣ȻС飬˴ǰΪնѡ
ʣŲҸطţһ֮˵Ҳһʮ֮λһܣ°ȳ֪İ͸ˡУʵǿ
ǣϣʹ˵Ҳߡ

ŮӴǬȥŮǰ·ûõӣʮ̤֮䣬ȹƮչɣƣг֮ɫ
Ҫƾ۾ܸ֪ǰˡҲóŮӵʵĸ֪ͲԳŮվǰûϢƵģ̫˾ˡ
ǣҲյģŮͻȻ㵭˵
ΪŮ˵ǿ𺳣ȴû뵽ԷͻȻðһ仰ЩӦΪʲô
ŮûлͷǰţһǱڲϲ㣡
ŮӵĻ۾ŵʵôܣô˲ϲңҪг࣬ҪǮǮҪǱ׼ĻƽСȻ˲ϲС㣬˵䲻ģǲǱס۾۾˶ˣ
ͲԼϹˣŮҲûĲ˵ôڲ⣬ݣӣص۴ˣκһݶ鷳ڲϲ鷳Բϣպһ̫鷳һ𡣡
ŶȻЩˣȷʵЩˣϲ𸻣Ϊһ׼Ȩ˲ϲҲǺġ

ŮӾԲһѹȥ
С㣡иҪ㣿ͻȻʵ
˵Ůӻ˵
ʲôУܲܰѲϵɢΪԼˡԼСĳ඼ûܶġĶŮ˵
ŮӶסŲȻͣںŵ㣬ûͣļײȥŵı۾ȴײȥһĻȴûײˡ
۾Ų֪ʱŮվһˣϽؿڣûãûײ㣡С㣬ͻȻͣҪ˵һҷӦҪײô죿
Ų˵Ŀȴ̲ס͵͵ƳһŮӡŮęԲ޳Ȼ޷ġ
ڷ֣Ӳϲ㣬ˡŮӶ㻺˵
ڰ֣ŮӵĻԶˡо仰ô˵ţ޾ǰĿʼϲ̫ͣԼ
Ůһƴڻ㵭˵㴳ʹԭӦúյҲˣҵڶԸյԭ򡣡
СڵɱѹƲסˣ۾Ҳû˼Ůӽʲôˣû˼Էʲô
ڵɱ֮ʶֲ֪ʱֻǱһ˿ֵĺ춯ء˿ɣҪڵɱ֮ȫĻ˿̵ܱɱ
Ůҡҡͷ˵˵øл㣬겻֪ĹںһҲа֮ɱ֮ҲǰѹƵסɱ֮ǣҲҪֶεġ
СʱôˣŮ˵
ʮֲãȻڻǿѹơɱ֮ӿԽԽˣĹǿѹסѹƣҲ֪ѹƶáŮӶ˵
ŮӵĻһôˣǴŮ仰оգȻҪͬʱѹƣǱɱ֮϶Ѿʮֲֿˡ
㻹Ҫȥ㲢޺ôŮӿ˵
ȥɣС㵱һʱ򣬵ɱ֮ռʱܼǵңҳ֡Ȼò
ĻŮ΢΢㶣ǲջйһĻ㲻ȴ˵ͷ˵ȻˣǾȥɡǣɱ֮ѹƲסħҽҶԵֵħ
ŮӵĻͻȻЦ뵽˵һ仰ħħ
ħҲûʲôµģڱУҺʦãħû̫𡣡νʼ磬ΨһõľǣСħʧҡС㣬ǬǾڣѵҲûֶΰս𣿡
Ůҡҡͷ㲻¿ĿֲϹʱڣƣʥ嶼ͷƤӦԣǬа취𣿡
֪ƣ˲ûгħ
Ůӿһ۵Ϲʥ壬ʱûУ
Ϲа취ȻҲа취ֻǣҵǺܺ棬СͶСδ̫һЩһǾ֮壬һһǵ۾ŮСܸ֪Ϊʲô𣿡


1152 λС
ձ˵ɱ֮ˣ˫Ĺͫ㹻ˣϹ֮ͫһȻ֣ܳһ˽ܡƫƫһų
Сһǵ۾Ů̶˿ˡһŮˣͲò˾ʲôˡ
ʳ仰ԭҲСܻش𣬵ǣСĬһּ˵Ӧ֪ڰɣ
β֪ڣڻڷӡķ⣬صţĵ׻Ǻܹ˼ɵġں׳ǵʱǴڵõŶһ
ĵʮֲԸӴǣΪ̫غͿ͸ˡ˿̴С˵ѵһйء
ںܾ֮ǰ׳ǲûڣС˵Ϊĸףں׳ǲһڷڡ
ʲô𺳣ڵĿֲȴδڻΪĸ׵һڡ㲻뵽յǰ׳ڣպͶԷϤ̬Ȼн飡
㾪ȣСЦЦ˵ǲǾĸݲ򵥣˵Ҳһ
ͷһһڵ϶򵥲ˡ
ˣȻڵ۹ЩҲ㲻öļ塣ңҪǿһ֡ĸ׸һСŮӡûʲôݡС˵
ɻȻˣôص˶ԴЩⲻˣ
ƺ֪еɻ󣬴С˵ĸȷʵʲôȴһ飬ıĸ׵ˣҲıҺյˡ
˵⣬С˶٣˵Ѫ˽٣
˽ⲢǺֻ֪ܶ࣬ɱҪȫ޵Уɱɱǿ֮壡Ҫʧǣֻ֪ɱ¾⽫ǿʡʣҲֻϹʱڳֹشҲֻʦһЩ
˵ûС˵ͷ漴һ֪֪ϹʱڵλѪģ
ʹʦ֪ͬʲôϵɻʵ
ϹŵλѪǣʥڣһصֶΣȻɱ֮ɾϹʱڵ޵֮һǺþһλʥˣƶɱų޵ٴλָѪɱ֮Ҳһֱյɱֱֲ֮ɱϹʱڵһڡһ֮ɱѪɺӣһϹʧǣΪλʥ֮˱֮ĳ޲ûѪ޷ɱ֮ˡҲ˶ħ
ħ磬һ·ɱɱɱɱ½ѪɺӡǿѪ֮ɱ¾ҲϹŵͨߡ
ʱͨΪ˰ѳħɱˣ¾֮ͨһɴغѪǵǰ·ϡѪûǣֻ֪ɱ¾Ȼܱܿ֮У⵽ͨΧ
ͨ󷨲ǷƷڵ֮󣬾俰޵еĴͨʩչֲˡǾˣǻСѪǵĿֲ
ͨȴɱѪɱĽڽںˡûоһս޷Ѫǵľ绪
ۿѪҪЩҲŭˣȡڵľｵħƣһˣȻῴѪɱ¾£ֻǹ׳󣬾ǰдǵزǲ
ǲǵزķû֪ȴϹ֮ͫһĹͫϹʱڵľǿ֮һ
ֳֽħƵ󣬲ǰάֲܡҲֻǲܶѣ޷ɱѪǣ
Щ̲סզ಻ѣԷ׶ôǿӪ
ôģŴС㡣
ͬھСһ˵ڽҲ˭ǵĴҲԷ֮ЧħƣͨȻʣǴȴɲˣͨһգԻǰɱѪǡ
ѪȻǿ£Ҳղأͬھ
仰̲סüʲôϵ
Сһһ˴սΪһ׵ءĸײСĴУҲ֪˻ǱԭŻˡһսܾˡǣڴȴһЧǾǶȻ
ͨȻ䣬侫ڣԵһжڴ֮УСĶȻ֮ãȻ޷Ȼȴ˾˵ãеľȻһںϳһɾĸײУĿ뵽ĸ׵Сƫƫǣĸ׾Ȼû˶ò˵ˡС˵⣬˵ףΪʲôջ˰ɣ
ͱˣǿߵľȻֻ֪𺳵ǣȻ˵õľܻš˵ĸֻһͨˣʦľڣҲɡ
ĸںⶫ֮󲻾ãͻҡΪǳδΣЩҲĴڣҲܰٷְٵĺںϡǾˣһҲ޷ȫں˿ֲľʣ֮֮գµľȫתƵϡҲΪ⣬˵⡣һǵ۾ŮѪǺĹͫ
ԭˣɻѹʶôˡֻľ˭õο˵ʲô¡
￴պȻȫ̳Ѫǵľ
ΪյԵʣں׳һڣԱʱز鿴ĸ׺յ״̬ձֽɱ¾¡ҪСʱ򣬾÷𷨶ȻաСش
˵ͷڳ׵ˡ
һԳħΪΣȻ֪ѪǣΪʲôܿճ󡣲Ҫ˵²֣ҿɲΪôȱ
ԭһǹ˼ң֪һɳʲôزǬΪӡԣԸң
ǣĹͫǹͫҲŹĴͳȺͺ¿ǺʦصģȻ·ϡڵĵλͷûʲô𡣡
ѹˣ˵ͷħͷͬʱۼڶСϣѹԾҲЩףΪʲôܱ׾ںˣԭŹԵʡ
زڵȻ֪ǲǺ͵زûйϵںһǲڻµġ



1153 С
ˣվУʹСһ·̸ߵһطǰһŵȥհɣ
˵ͷһ̤Źŵ˽ȥŵʱж˼󷨵ĲǣأĻ̫㣬Ǭߵ֮Ϣ
м䣬һŮӲڴģŮһͷɫ㷢ϣ߱¶Բęë̺ѹţܸоо˵ĵԡ
ôδɸļ֡޳ȣƽ̹ĺ󱳣쾡µĹճһӰо֮С
С㣡㿴˶ʧǣŮӣһͻȻЩĺһ䡣
߾͵ĽӲܿͻĻͷһžУǹûмŨĵĶҪС
յĽëۣܳҪյ޷԰Ρյ˫ۣ衣
ôˣմžϲ˷֮ɫչһЦĻ
ǰְڻУȻϵɱ֮͸ͬһ㣬㻹ǽıŮˣҪ׵ڵƵġ
Ҷ˼ᣬմ־յһ㡣
Ҳֱ㣬ȵһҪ緢ֿ۵ʮֽһ𣺡Ϊ㲻ˣΪ㲻Ҫˣ
Щظ˵żʣĶҪˣôܲҪС㣡һֱδǶС㣬ʱ򣬾С㡣ֻǬȻûӦʵǽ˴š
ףյļҶɴ˴Ҫһа˰ϵƣҪռѡ
ƺҲף滨¶ЦݣЦݾޣȷʵᣡ
˵С㣬̲סյСʲô
翣˸ֱˣ˵ʲô
ȻһЦС㲻ѵΪҲ֪
ûֻǾԼСʲô֪̫ˡЦŶ˵
յͷͻȻĿ㣺㣡Ժ㲻Ҫ˵ҵļҶˣ
ΪʲôɻЦ˵ѵҪҲɣ
ҡҡͷĻش𣺡˵ҵݷǷҶȻҲüҶʲôǱ˻ǾüҶͼ
仰Ц˵Ǹʲô˶СһҶһҲ޷һϲҶˣ
ģ۾һ˵ɲҪڣ
㿴ģ㶣ģȰԼҪҶ˼
ƺҲ֪Լֵ̫ˣЩɬ˵һϲҼҶģǽһֱ˵Բžô׵˵һ䣬Ӧˣ
ЩˣԼôû˳ĻӦҶˣ
С㣡ƽ𣿡ܣﲼ˸󷨣󷨵еϣɹ͸С
ţҵɱ֮ѹƲֹ㶯ﲼ󷨣͸ŤתǬ֮ҵɱ֮һЩƽ뿪һ뿪ɱ֮Ͳܿơ
΢΢üͷһһգЩŤתǬϣȻѹɱ֮ҲҪ˶ѹ
ƺ֪ʲôЦ˵Ҳֽܹ㣬ҵɱ֮˽⣬ҪǲѹƵĻ֪ʲô˵ĻѾˡܲԼħ
յ֣ӿ뵽յУոսУ͸оһɱɱ˲ӿϣ۾Ҳ˱Ѫ죬ͻȻıɱӿ
͵ջƣдż־ڶŰڵɱ֮ɾֻһ˲䣬оɱ֮εȰԵ
տѪ˫ȥҡҡͷ˵Ҫˣɱ֮Ǭڶ֮ܽʲôôѹƲסһ죬ֻС
˵ʲôɵһۣħҲҪġо仰˵Ҹˣ˸ҡħҲҪŶĶˡ
㣡㻵ˣô˽ֵĿ㡣
ʼ磬˵ô˲ǻţֻܻĺúõĸǿˡҲҪģϹŵѪƿɱ֮϶Ҳա
˵ʥ嵱굹ƿѪǵֶΣֻʥѾˣʧˡ
ҲδأںѪͷӦú˽⣬˵ܴõһЩʲôϢ˵ȻǾȥһˡ
˵꣬ȥձü˵㣬Ҳ뿪뿪ɱ֮ܿƣ
ҡҡͷռţȻ޷׽ѪǡǴʱҪѹȴҲ̫⡣
ѹƣ۾һȻԸֻǱΣմͬһ
С㣡Һʱƭ㣿
ûа취յɱ֮Ǵʱյɱ֮ʩչֶΰѹȴ⡣֮󣬵õʵ̫ˡ似ɣܶø似⡣
ɱֲ֮޾Ĵɵ⣬ϴŴҩѹ˿⡣
ûƭңߣպһȴЦ߳
߳ϣΪȾһУչվЦŮӣЩ
Ϣã
仰̲ס֪⹬д˶á
С翿պ߳΢΢㶣Ͼüգɱ֮񱩣ڹ֮Լ¡㡭
翻δ˵꣬ʹϵСɱ֮һΪܲöСһֱڹͬһ㡣ߣãҲкôġ
翾Ŀ㣬ûа취ѹƵɱ֮ѹƣǲ˵󻰣ǿӣҡҡͷĴĺԲϾ˵ա
ܳȻܸˣ˵ͷ˵ѹòˡСһЩ
˵ͷ˵С㣡һҪ
ţü㣬֪Ҫ˵ʲôĿ⿴գȴҲɻĿ翺ʵҪʲô
С뿪
ȴλС㶼ԭأû뵽˵һ仰


1154 Ӧ
УڷӦ֮Ͼնķԡ
ʲôЦôܱߣȱ˵յ壬͵պĹϵͲߡ
ܰСɱ֮𣿡㱻翾ֱܾԶ翺һҲг壬ҪǲܽСɱ֮ѵöСһֱ𣿡
㡭翺ݣΪǬһϹϾĶԴܹĺȳ⣬ϵЩȻǶŭˡ
ʲô㣿Ҫ㲻ܽСɱ֮Ǿͱ죬ŶСߣ˵⻰˿û档
Ա仰ɫҲ䡣ǺεȻֱȳǲ֪ǳˡ
ո˵ʲôȴһסҪΪ˵ģҲġ
տЦã˭˭Լλ㣬ֲ֮һ
ŭЦ˼֮ס˵ڲܽѵܽ𣿡
ԶԷʣֱԻشȻܣԴУҾѾ˼ҲҪΪСҵɱ֮İ취
ߣ˭˵𣿡˵ջݲȥ
룬֪ڿ϶ѪǵֶΡΪǬΪǰȥȻŶСǰ㶢˵СҪǴСǰڣҵǿΪϴ
㡭
ըˣǰԵ꣬޲һƳȥվǰסŭֻŶԷдС㣬翾öԷڼЦ
쵰ôҶ𣿶ԼСУŵļҶɣһΪҶľ
˼ƽϢһȵ
СܴСǰȥҪǿԵĻǵν㿴ֱӵ
翱ֱӣһҲ޷𻰡Ȼ޷ǰȥԸȥǬںϹʱھŶԹˮϹʱھͶǬ˷ɱκǬ˶аħ֮ضܵڵ
翲ûǰȥǰȥﲻգǻ˺ա
Ȼ㲻УǾֻҴŶСȥˣ㿴˵ôСԲɱ֮ı
Ⱥͺ¿ʯȷǰգ翿˵οȺͺ¿ϲħմʱɱ֮ʼˣħ˵ǲչĹͫɱֶΡ
ģҪôҾ͸ҳڡ˵
㵱Լ˭ںεȿֲ֪ʵٸȥҲȥ޻أκε𣿡翱ĵĿ㣬ȻѾǿǸ֮أȴʲôˡҲвǣ
ʦأأ㶢˵
ңȻɻôٰһӣǿǼᶨ񣬶ʱè塣Ѻصۺ׳˳Ĭ
صǸ˶ǿ޷֪رǿƳ䡣ǰʱ䣬ٴȥһ˵ۼȻۼŲýȥںص۵ǿƣۼòˡ
ۼǺεȴڣϹžһؾص۾ȻƾʵõۼòǺص۶ǿ
һȷʵڹ˼ɡ
οһңҺڹϵǷںڻ˱䣬ҪǰҲСӡ
翳Ĭһ˵ҪҲû˿취أ
һ仰ҲĬһ֮˵ô֪οûа취ҿұ𴦡
ı飬ֿ˿գ˵ô룿
չһЦĿͣΪŬβԡ벻죬һ˳ӦɡҪʵ·Ҳ޺ˡֻǣԸͬūһˡ
˵վǵͷҲգȻҲԸҲǾȥڴһ
˵꣬翸һƷ˿һƷ˿յ㷢ϣҵı˿ϣҪΣվͶҪǸҳħھǼʶʶ˿̵Ǭھ֮ܲܺǡ
˵仰ʱҲǷ
ҡҡͷģһСĵġ
㵹ǷģǶĳЩ˾ͺܻˡ翿㣬̲סһ
ڶԷɫԶӣüͷûչЦüͷķҪüģϹʱܽɱ֮ѵ˻𣿶Ȼֶεģ
յ˵ͷ̾һϧûлʥˣҪȻҲôͷˡ
˭ûлʥĴˣϻʥ֮˵ġǰȻΣο
仰Ҳһ£Ŀ͵Ŀ㣬žξˣĳ㲻ǿЦǡѵ½Ļʥ֮ˣ
ֱֱĶ㣬еľ֪ʥʲôκһ˶֪ҪǻлʥϢ½ҪΪ֮𶯣κϢȲ㡣
˵ģʦ翿ʵЩ١
ЦЦûлشǿ˵ʲôҪģЩܵ鶼ˣɱ֮ʲôѵġ
Ҳڻʥ廹вУܿϣҪĻʥ֮ˣ˵ܽ⡣
翺ѯ壬Ҳ֪Ϣ㲻˵̫ϸΪӰ̫޴ˡֻǣϢš
ѵֻǰοղŹô˵𣿡翶㣬ҪһЩߣȴʲô
ҲգݲźصۺԴո˵תһȻǶյĺáţҲ򵥡ʵͲ˵ˣѹյɱ֮㹻ˡɱ֮˭㹻˭ѹƵģҪֶβſԡ
ŤתǬѹơ
ʲôʱ뿪Ǭڣ˾Ҳֱ㣬ڵ֪𣿡
Ҫ⡣˵
翵˵ͷϸϸĺ˵ڵλá翽֪Ҳ⣬Ҳ׷硣
ȻǾ͸ʱȥɡһûңЩҪ˵
Ȼ֪Ҫȥʲô֪Ҷ˿֮󣬾֪Ŀĵġ
ˣǴ֮հɡȻȥðա



1155 ͼ
ң
˿֮˶𶯣һҵʥ֮ǰʥ֮ǰһ꣬ʥȥӲ󣬿ÿһȴͬشһ̤ÿһ˵У޵еķ緶Уϱƽʥء
ܶӶˣ鸴ӣͬΪܱΪԵʣѹȵɫ԰ס
Ȼ㣬Ǭ뿪ֱ֮Ҷ׷ɱʥӣûоܾ˿̣ҲѾӵݣҪǰʥء
㻹İҵȻ㵱ҵˣҪ㡣ǵѹ̫ˣÿһ棬ȴһƵģÿһ̤ƵģÿһΪ֮ǵƵʺﵽһƵģָоѹÿһˡ
û˸ҵ㣬ʥܣȴһʥءƵģȴ޵еơ
ʱѾʥſڣųǧûһ˸㣬ɫҲ̫ÿʥش֮ǰסĲ
ÿ󣬿ȴŲɡ
仰£Ȼ鲻Խ˺һ˺һʱǧһƬȻһɴ۾
ʲôˣϵʥʱھ͸߲ʣʱӼǸǾ֮ӡֻܱǣ޵еȻһ仰ŵĺˡǽܵˣ
˺һ֮ŷӦɫӵѿԭΪԼﵽܼĿ־壬ȴû뵽ֿ־ѾˡԷһ仰̲סˡ
ŬҪֿ־壬һ뵽ݵģζˡ̲סЦһӰȵķ緶κμʶһĻˣ¶ͬһɡ
ΨģȵκʥӣԺ¶ҪӰ¡
Ҳ²ݵױĶǿŬϲ²⣬ǻСǿһһǧúѾ֪֪ݵʱһͻƵ壬Ҳ֪ͬ㲻ĴڡʵȻԶԶ
û֪֮жǿΪ֮ǰûźһľ˭ףҪ֮ѡ˿δ֮ݵõĺôδȫ
ǿԴ𼸷־վǰ˵ʥأҪӲ𣿡
ЦΪʥӣѵǼٵĲɣ˿Ϊӣѵʥضȥ𣿡㿴˵ÿͬΪӣλ൱ӿǲ⶯֣
㡭ɫ˱䣬еĿɬȴ֪Ϊ˶ңҪֶ֮ԿΨĵһȺˣ԰Сδ뵽Ȼɳֵز׿Ƶġ
ÿһʥ̤ȥ״վȥˡҪҪȥʥ
ǿҲܷ졣ʥ֮УжǿߡҪҲ졣ҪµĻǰҲ֡ʱԲ˶ߡ
ҲΣУǱǿ̫ˡҪʵصļңһһ˵λöȻҪǣǰеı֣ǰ̬Ⱥģɣ͸ΣУ֪ǰʲô
˼Щʱʥȴ߳һϣһͷеλҲִһλϡ
λƽֵĳӭ㣬ɫŹ֣ЩϼһﵽʲôѵҪ㵱Լ
峤ñӵǰȥλߵǰ㹪һȻİ㵱۾ӵݶԴ
ҡҡͷλ˵峤ټ˴ǰҪһͻƵ֮ϴ·ɡ
仰Ҳ⣬ҡҡͷң֪ǼҲ֡ǣѱܶá
ЦȻ֪ҳңӦױа취ԣ·ɡֻ飬ǲܾҼңΪ𣿡
ĻϲɷãˣǾӸǰɡڳɲɣǾ͵ÿԼˡ
ҲϾǰ߶ȥ
ȴɻ󲻽⣬֪˴ʲôաʥػʲô֪ģң峤㲻Ϊ
ͻȻкܶ϶ĸԭ
ʥȥһҧҲиȥЩǱܽʥصĵӣҲȥ
λһֱߵʥصһ̳̳󣬴ֻа״Сǣ̳ȴʥһ֮أųһͼڣȻһʲôĵطΪͼڵԵʣһλǿغ
֪λǿʲô磬ȴλе̫ϳϣÿһλǻ֮Ļߡ
֮ﲻǶȻȻ֮𺳡뵽еͼڣ֮ػҲ
ȥɣ϶˵ҪҵĶС
ϣһڵӼȥһɫ䣬еͼڣеľҪУǾʹҳݣϾˣܿһĻ
һɫ䣬λҲ⣬ЦЦ˵Ҫʲôȥ峤˵峤ġ
˵䣬ӵĿ㣬ŵȭͷվ֪Ҫ峤˵ʲôҲá
ֻǣ峤Ҫʲôôͼصء
Ͽһ̳Ŀڵпԣǻ㶼ֲ塣
ЦȻ֣ȥ峤ҳˣǰɡӶȻЧ
ϵ˵ͷȻתǰȥ֪ͨ峤
һȴüѣǵ峤ʲôԼңͼڴʲôǲûȥʲôûС
ɻʱڳͼڵܣϵӰֳڼ̳巽˳֣ɫ͵Ĺһ̫ϣ
һȺ˵ӶĿⶼеϣϵӿһɹɵѹѹȥ


1156 
룡̫Ͽ㣬ɫƽ㹰˵
㿴֮˵ԸһҲһ𣿡
˲ֱ˴ˣ̳ҵػһֻӽ˶ͬʱ֡ҪǲҴĻ߰ɡλ̫Ͽ㵭˵
һ仰ȴ۾͵һĿ⼯еϡҪУȻҪλ֮֡λ֮ǺнĻߣǴ½ľǿ˴½һȺˣ˾Ȼͬʱ֡
Ϊ峤Ҫ϶Էĵλԭˣλ̫ʰ㡣
˲ͷȴȴ֪ǿҲԻ֮ﶼ¡ǣһ£ζǶֵġ
֮СԲ򣬷СԲǷ츲صı仯ΪҲС֮
ȻˣǾλϳְɡЦЦ˵
Ӧ˵սһɫȻһ䣬麧ȻĿ㣺֪֪λ֮ʲôȻӦ˶Էս
һƬžĿⶼϣѡ
õλ֮ҲЦһٳԽʦֻǲ֪ǲˣ˴һ
λʧġ㿴һˣֶ˷Ƶ
̬üͷϲʲô˼λ֮ﶼ
Ǻ֮ʸǰ̳ҪȻ뿪ʥأ̤ʥһλ֮ѹ£ֲ£ѹȵĿռ䶼졣
ȻǣҪǵĴҲϣλ̫Ϊһҿش
˴ӳʼͱѡΪջͼ֮ˡУû峤ûʥϡУֻͼڣֻµĹءֻҪ֮Ϊ㻤ؼաλϿ˵
һĪĻ˸ü󣬵Ҳδ˵
ǵɻ֮УλȴӰ䶯һ֮趯ɹɷ֮֯Ʋʹرɫ
֮ƣһ̱¶ţһȻĿλ֮ϳ֣趯ķ֮ԽԽǿͬڵĽӣⱼ֮䣬ÿһ˵顣
һȺ˼ʹ⣬ܸоɹѹǸоؾֻʣλ̫ϵķˣؼһжҪǵķؼ䣬ֻʣǵĹ֮
̲סڳе㣬ȴɻ󲻽һĻѹ£ȻƵվƮɵȻ
̬òզ಻⣬Ψ⡣ݶ꣬ʲôѹ˵΢ѡ
ֱֱĿλ̫趯ķǵѹ㡣Ǳķȴʰ㡣СԲķ֮ŤתǬˡʰڻ£
ΣΣѵ֮Ķ𣿡
㣬дЦڴλ̫Ͻ㣬־նɱĿ־Ҳ˶ɢ
λ̫ϳϷ򲻶ӿսճ󣬴ںǵķսĳһϹųβĿצÿһһСԲ۶ɣĳ۶ǣʱسһ֮ơ
һ˿֣һ鼤͵ĹڵأǿѹҲһѡ
СԲ۶ɵĳĿ󣬳β֮䣬һƬֱӺķ飬ضֹ֮ȥ
һ˿һĻһ鼤Է쵸ˣǿûܵסĹ
ǿ㣬վ˱ǣſҧ˹ȥ
ȫ۵Ĵأо֮Ҫסһλ̫ϻ˵Ųƥ֮ơ
㿴צĳɫҲȻܸоеĿֲһ֮Ҳ׾ٵɱֻӣҪӦҲǲܡ
ǣ㲻ͬڱˡҪǱӣﵽ֮Ҫоͷۡ
ȴעУǾ޴ĳȥ
֪Ȼ˵Ķ̫һȺһӿ׵˺֮κһˣȻȥⲻʲô
һȺϲʱڳѪ֮󡣿һĻһȺ˼ҪЦ䵽У͵űķɡ
Ǿ׼ףʱ̫ɫȴ͵Ĵ䣺ⲻܣô֮ܰ򣿡
ǵľ֮УϢ·˲ʧһ㣬СԲķ֮Ȼûһ˿֮ķ֮ͨдʧһɶ
λ̫𺳲СԲķֲ֮ڳѪ֮У˵㣬ʾĻʾ׼۶ҪԴΪСԲ񱩵˲䱬Ļ¶Ҫͷ֡
ǰȴŹһĻⱩĿ񱩷֮Ȼκβ㣬Щطд
ǵУȴȻ֮˻һһ㣬֮Ȼһڳϣĺ俪Умڴ֮⡣
͡
ƣ̫ϱشһѪҺĺˣɫҰѩ
Ҳ˷ֱʧ֮С
ģλ̫龪ŵĿ㡣
գɫҲ԰ףԵú
ֻҪܰǴ۳ķκεң㵭˵
ⲻܣλ̫ϸǵԲ۾Ľ͸𺳲˭ܰôܣ
Ҳ֮ͣƿ֮ĳɾ͡ԿˣȻᶯǿ֮˾ͬѵһȻ׶á
ǣݣһֱ⣬ֱꡣУ㻹õٺôоһֶΣǾǰĿơոʩչֶΣ
Ȼ˿޷ĿƣСԲ̺ܰѵġҲɵĸոյһĻ㳬֮⣬Ĺκε
ֶȻ棬ͬԪΪ˳֮⼸Ϣʱ䣬ͷ͡Ҳ⣬ֶȻʩչʩչҪۡ
ǣȴ֪һλ֮ĴһȺѾˣ㾪


1157 ֮
һʣͷƤ飬Բ֮ʵܱսǵĲֽ֮ôǿʱ򣬾ʾǵȻ߶ְɣ
ǿΪӻ˰ɡ㿴̫˵
λ֣֮룡
˵꣬ٴܣȻΪ㻤һĻɻ󲻽⣬Ŀ⿴㣬ȴֱֱߵ̳
λ̳ɣվڼ̳ǰλ̫˵
λ̫ϵ˵ͷԽӡһ׭̳֮У̳ͼھȻķֿͼڳĿУ³һ׾׾һİС涼׽񣬵˸оǣ׾ܹ࣬ȴûһʹվǰ棬涼ûľ
ס
һĻ˸оޱȣһ˹ľӾȻûоС̫˼ˣıصĹ
ְɣϣܿλ̫Ͽ˵
һ仰ȴȻһĿλ̫ϣǲ֮ɫء
ǸоԼĺһĿȵĿǰİ׾ΪᣬȻ֪ʲôֻǣﲻʧôУ
ϹʱҺʥɣʥң˫ѪʥΪ˰Ѫӵ£Ƕ˽
ܻѪѪǱƷ
Ȼֻǽһãкܶãľ似ȵЧرǶ֮ˣŸִС
ҵʥʧ֮󣬾ûеϢһ˻Ϊʧȴû뵽ȻԼУ
㶵Ŀǰİ׾Ŀ⿴㣬ɻôӽ
Ǻܿ뵽˹ڽļأԽҪֶΣҿʵǷС
뵽㣬ɿλ̫һۣǶصĿ㣬ż򣺡ܿԲ֣λϸող´Ը㣬Ҳǿʵֻǣܿ𣿡
˷Ҫܿͻƣʵ۾ӡ
˵עУڽ֮ǰ;붨һͽӶԡ
ˣҲסȴ֣һȴʱһֱϦ£ʶһƬϼûκζ
ʲôҪôʲô
ƭʲôôܿ
쵰вавҪ˷ʱ䡣
˿붨һ̲סȳиżĵӣż̳ȥ
վסڼҪ̳ʱ򣬼λ̫ϳϺȳ⣬ɫ
̫ϣҪǿˣʲôôܿأԵĶ̫˵
λ̫Ϻȳȥⲻǵģҵҵȵƣܲܿ˵ġ
̫ϡ˻˵ʲôȴΪ̫ϴϡ

żŭݵ̫ϣվҼǰֻҧߡ
⼸ߣλ̫ϲŰĿ⿴㡣ʱվͻȻָ֣ž津ȥֳִ棬ָʼһӶϣ˶Ƶġ
һĻλ̫ɫȴ͵һ䣬ϲ֮ɫֱֱĶ㡣
ھ֮Уڳ˾һ˳ھ֮Сͬǣ۾ģھеȷʵ۾ġ
˶Ŀ⼯еϣȴ˵ϢʧһɶƵģֻ̳΢еһжĸɸɾ
ʱ;ǰδе˷·һ㣬;վȴ϶ΪһƵġ
λ̫ϿһĻȴ̲סĽýǺô컯ӣӦʵŴǣûȫȹ̡һãǾǲͻƶٽףβȣֻҪþȹ
һȣһʱϼҲʧҹҹ¹£ھϣ䵽ϣȻЩ¹ⶼ˽ȥ
ԽԽʱʧϢٴθ˳Ϣӿ֣ķҲ䶯ձòϢ㣬һһ㡣
֮ҪﵽСԲСԲںؼ䣬ؼһƬֻʣԼķغϣγѭΪСԲ
صʱضѹǲܲСԲģΪȥؼĹ֮
Ǵ˿̣ȹ˾磬öһ飬˻ص̬֮֮Ҳ鲼ȫ֮䣬˸оͷƤ顣
Ҫ̫֮ϵ˿㲻ƣһۣ˶Էе֮ɫ
Բ֮ʵһаˣҪǴﵽֲֻ֮ɣҪò붥ֵĲΰɡ
һĻҲżֿɬ֪ﵽ֮ѣʶʵݣ֪׼֮ǰ㶼ߵĺ˳
˳ǱЩõͳ˶Ҫǿֻ뵽һǰҲ൱͸оЩɬ
ס
λ̫ԭΪķأصĹͬķӶﵽСԲ֮ǣûôķȻ͸Уںһ
Ҫʲôλ̫ϲ⣬ķʲôѵﵽ֮
ɻʱϢȴؼ޾뵽Уͷһϣŵ֯ķ׭
ôܣλ̫ϵԲ۾ŵĿһĻ˭ûܲϣһػɾͻ֮ġ
ķ򲻶ϵĺںϣߵ֮ȻϣҲһػķҪﵽСԲֻܰСԲ򣬲֮ܲĵͱǲͬġ
һ򲻶ϵ͸֮У嶼ķֻķ򣬰ͬһҪס
ŽİĻۣһߵˮɡ
ķ뵽СϵİͬɷϽ֯ŷ֮ϢҲϵȥ˲˼зУ㲽˻֮


1158 
ﵽ֮ûһ˿ˮɡķͬзСԲ˻֮ĳ̶ȣϢԶԶǿ֮ǰʵŷ츲صı仯
㾡֮ǰԻ֮ҲǶڶԷСԲмĵġǴ˿֮󣬶ڻ֮Ĳˡ
˿̵㣬㲻Ҳܺλ֮֡
ܵڳⶮ㲢û̫־ԭݾܴﵽġֻλ̫棬ʩչ˷ڽСԲֶΣҪȻͿһͻƽ֮
ûнҲкôģ˿̲֮ˮɣʱ֮ҲҪԶԶù֮ǰ
֮һĲ½ĸ߶ˣнһߡѾӰ½ˡʹڸ壬֮ﶼĪȨӰеľѾ뵽ƿش½ˡ
Ϊ֮ӣݵλǲͬȻ޷ȴ۵ĵλǱ׼ۼȴҲѶá˿̵㣬Ľ˴½Ķ˲Σ
һȺˣ麮㣬һ鸴ӡ˿̵ǣò޷ģͶԷȣǱĽ츳ѡ
Ȼע˵Ŀ⿴ǰĽ̲ס̾һҽŽޱȺƴ󣬺ųαʥ塣ҲΪˣһ֧ģվʥĶ档һΪҴ˽
ҲֻǴ˽ȴûе֪ĿֶΡֶطȴУҲˣУȴûзһ˿Ч
޷ãպҲ˰޵ơܴ˿ȻǴ½ܱȵĹ岻١
룬ǬھƲһУܴԭ޷õԵʡھǱ޾ʺĴУǿߵľ
Ϲʱڣκһﵽ޵ľൽУΪ˱ҵ̲ܡ
ҵԸΪʥӣ֮һʼھƵֻҪңһ
Ҳˣ֪ﵽ֮˴Ϣ
ȻĵģҲΪ˿Ϊüֵ
һǰĽ֮ҵĴ᲻п
ǼȻߵһ㲻ǡһеӡ᲻ϵĴһӿ֣Ĵвϵӿ֣Ļһ׭׭ϵû뵽֮С
㵱뿪ңþӡĿַ㾡ܴûʩչǶڴﵽֲε˵ַ̫աҪǣַ͸ֻ似໥ӡ֤κһֻ似ɵ˵͸㲻ʲôˡ
һĲϵû뵽Уеգھϣһͳһ巭ڲϢɹɲãϢϵӿֳ
һ˸оֲã˷·شϹǶ£ʥͳ޼䡣
ͷںһ⻺ں£һͷͷ״ֻ֣ͷû˫ۡ
λ̫ҲҪˣһҵȻ˵ҪܿҵʵܷĳɳΪ̺Ϲ̫͵ľˡ
㿴ǿնָۣҲһ㣬ĳһɺѪҺɺѪҺŹŷв
һĵʥѪǰ
ѪҺʥѪ
λ̫ԭҲûʥѪȴû뵽ʥѪҪҪʵﵽ֮֮ϵʥ徫Ѫſԡ
ʥѾҪõ֮ǿߵʥ徫Ѫѣǵû뵽ҵ
ȻλϺһ˶ûпξѪԴҪ֪Ļ¾ͲôˡͬģҲ˴󵨺ͷĵ㿪ˡ
һָһ㣬ʥѪʥѪ䵽֮У˲Ⱦһ֮ɫѪĹâ˳
䡭
ʥѪкһľȻıһ챩ͬʱľⱩҫ۰ҹյѩĹȫסؼֻо⡣
ˣ￪ˣ
λ̫ޱȵĿҫľ⣬ԡھ֮£ǸоѪŹɹɵѪ֮ӿֳϵ͸ǵ֮Уһֱδйɶľ磬ʱȻɶ
ָоǿңѪ֮ģ⾵£оԼƮƮɣ·Ҫͻƴ沽뵽۾ӼƵġ
ָоĿȵĿŽôԶָоҪǿĻò˶ãܲ۾ɡ
˵ĳ֮УȴŽץ˹ȥ˾ٶλ̫ϴȺס֣
һ⼸˵Ļץ˹ȥץϣֳֽԡھ֮£һһ㡣
ô࣬ҾΪʱõ֣ȻͣҪŽ뿪
λ̫ϼȻŭֱֱӿҪ顣
Цǲмδ֮ʱǶǶ֣˿Ҳ֮ǻԿ𣿡
˵֮䣬һֱɨ˳ȥɨһ̫ϡ
̫ӿץŵĽץ˹ȥǻδӴһƾȵǰһƶ£ſ޵еֱӰѶԷķ飬һλ̫ϱȵķ˳ȥѪڵϡ
͡
˵̲סһ⡣ǿеĽһǿԴ㹥˹ȥôߡ
Сǿһһƣ̫ϣȷɳȥ
һ㼥Ц̤ǰȥܵסķâ
û߶ٲվһЦ֮ҵǳһ˲šǣҪˡ뵽ʥ߶ҵλҲȻ
صһɾƸǶ̽ƣһ˴ϲӭ
ǴϲͬʱʥظǿߣȻֳģضǵķǣʥرһ޴
ʥأǴ½ǿĵط֮һĵط붼ȫˡǴ˿̣һʥرȻʧΪһ֮


1159 
֮У߳һӣӴʮ꣬ȴһ㣬ޱȿֲһ̤£ߵĶ棬վǰסĲ
㿴ǰӣЦ˵峤ôֱʣԸһȻʥصĴ󣬸ʥصǿǰ峤ǿң
ЦЦ˵еĽõԻͣߡΪ˽˵ӪڣҲΪ
ӵĻЦ峤ûаҵԼˣҼ壬ǴδĵĶԴҡ
Ҳδĵļ岻ҶΪ˽ֻǣҾȵǰȡǰƣ͵ȡӿ˵ϣʮĵӡ
ԷĻʼ磬ε˵ҵҪ͵͵ֻ֪λ̫ػ͵͵Ҳã
Ҳ˵ܲܵȡⶫǣԷܲܶⶫȴʮܡҪ˵ȡ⼸̫ȻˣҲò͵͵
Ҳ㣬ʥǺεȵط˵㣬ǰҲȫˣ㵹ǸңȻҳӿЦ
ʼҸ㣬ҪˣŲţ
ЦЦҲ˵Ŀ⿴㣬˵ں֪Ұϳİɣ
ҲΣͷ˵ֻǸҿһϷѡ
Ļش˶͵Ŀ㣬û뵽ĵƺƵ׷ɱȻһϷ׷ɱ㣬ûÿζǳɱа׷ɱȻǼٵģ
Ϊ˻ңӼʵ
ҲȫǣҪԭҲңҪҲ֪ҵĳ̫ˡܶŶɱҵҪǲӣǺܶŹɱҶҡΪ˻úúõģֻϷˡȻһԭǻңûлĽõСش
ǵǴḷ́ǰɹˣ֮ȷʵû˭ֵزǺȴʧˣʱõҲߡҵҪлл㣬ҿӿЦ
лΪΪԼġش֪ΪʲôҴʱ㵱ǺϷ𣿡
ţƺģתͷ˵
Цԭ򣺵һԭҴʱʵ½ȥãҲҵĳǰ׷ɱҡǣȡ˽ĿĶﵽˣȻϷˡ
ڶĿûдﵽңҲԻȥӿҡҡͷ
ЦҪܶýأ𣿡
һ㶣漴Ц˵㣬ҶԶԵС롣ѹҴˣԭΪԼܶý
仰ͻȻЦЦݺܲãЦЩ
ƺҪеĲӺһϵ͵һǣȥʵﵽ˻֮Ҳʰ϶
ֻڵ˶Ϊʵɱ
ȴ˵Ԥϣһ͵Ŀǰֻʱ򣬽ââӿ֣ѶԷȫס
ⲻܣӵɴ۾д֮ɫŵĿǰĽ㡣ȷʵԵУҪýʵҲҪﵽ۵ľ硣ǣȻ־־磬ôܶĿ
㶵Ŀ㣬żֹ˼ɺɻ̲ס˵ΪΣ
Ϊ˵⣬˶Ц㣡
ȻԻ֮ýΪģΪǵξѪԼġһξѪû֮ǰܺͽĴﵽڵϣԶݵĶý
峤ôҲ²㣬뵽ǵʥѪġԣ𾪺ɻ
ߣܶΣǿȴ޷ȫʱ㣬ܴﵽ֮Ѿˡǣʥأǰȫˡ㵱Ϊӳȥ𣿡̲֮סЦ
ǿδأ˵ܱ黹ǿЦ
㵱Լ˭Цܵǿ˵е̣´󡣽飬ҲҪѹڴˡ
ӵĻ֮Уǿ趯ʱطһɾصӿֶضҪܿâ
е찡Ϊ㣬ǾȻõ󡣡
һȺ˺ȻĿĳĳǧ򣬳ǧĳ׭׭ݱɴ󣬻ĸǶ£ضҪɫΪߵն𺳡һױȵľ֮ﱩ
ķʱ𶯣ľǿ߶𺳵Ŀһʥصķ򣿡
ҪʲôȻеѵУ
⵽˭ô󵨣Ȼȥҵʥ£
ٴһȻĿһĸоһңһ޵е֮ӿֶ
㣬ɣѽ뿪ӿ˵
ͻȻЦˣǰã˵Ҹ㣬ȫһνŲţ
Σ㡭Ц뼥㣬ɫ䣬ŵĿǰⲻܣôܶ
ɫ䣬ǻ֮ɫһȺ˴󺰵ˣˣ
ѪɫȻ֪ȫֲǣҪȫСѰ鶼һСǣû뵽ǣطȻˡ
Ѿˣ㿴ӣչһЦڵȫıӿϵĹ䵽֮УâǣŤҹ˲ͬһ㣬ֳһ̫һ㣬ĹâԲﶼյѩ
â֮˶оһϣϱ黹Ҫֲ֣Ťתܸоǿ߶ڵأΡΡ
һ޴Ĺֱȥ˲ݣԭ޾ĳĿռ䣬˲䱻򿪣Ťһ˿Ĺ
ڵˣ⵽ɣһѪҺ³ڵϣش
̫ĽֻǱһϢһϢȴѲ񷶼򴩣Ťҫ֮ٴλع鵽һƬڣûһ˴ʱܿһӰ̱Ҫڵʱһֻӣû򴩵Ĳ񷣬ʧ


1160 ɮ
ʥشƿǲµ޵ش峤ڵˣһΪ֮رǼʶһĻˣиµӰ
Բڣ𶯣Ϊľ֮ƶʹҵλڣҲƹضемǿ߶شʱɫҲѿ
֪ͬԷʱɫ䡣
ʲôϹʱҵ֮ǿߵľҪ뱬ȫƣҪſǣȴһСС
ԷһҲȣȫǴֶͨΣľ֮ƿĴʲôֵġ
˶С㣬ԭΪ峤ֵ뵽Էܱơ£ڶ޼°ɡҲףΪʲôԷҹǰȡˣԭһʼ֪Щ
֮ޱȱУʧȥĲֻһҪǣ֣ܷ֮ٴϹʱڵƣ
Ҳҵоǿʼǲǿǰȥǰ·Բ䵽ҵС

ҺƺƵƻŶؽʱȴղ
ٴѣصǬһܲų׻ָͬ㷢ԼʵһЩ
ҵ𶯣ȻҲ翣ҲΪ֮𺳡ԭΪո㵣ģ˿Ҳڷ
һ֮ӣһʩչӣʵܿʲôҲ˵ȴ֪ȥáֻҪӲʥأκεġ
㳹׻ָĵڶ죬ʹղǰ·ͬʱҲѽ翣Ϊҡ
ΨиŷģһʵǷҲµ翻Ϊͽԣʺˡ
Ŵ˿ҶȻǲ˴ǿǰȥΧɱҪٴζؽΪһ֮Ķҵ̫ˡһ߿ܣŶ
˿̲ȥ⣬ȥĻ̶ѨҵڶΪ˳֡
ԭǲӦģյ£ͬ
ǣ󲻵µ
ڼ֮أ翸·ߣһ·ǰСӽ֮أվͿʼһ䷢ΪɮɮˣҲķܵ˶ڵϡ
ԽԽӽ֮أָо͸ǿңǣԷޱȵľη֮ģһŲһߵͽ洦ɼңŷһ궯ҪҷƵġ
֮أһ̫ͱҲͬĹâͬ⡣
ĸоĲ֮ͬǾأĹ˼ɶ˼֡ҪΪգ治Ըⲽһء
㣡պһ㣬Ҳܲͬ֡
תͷգżֵģ֣Ц˵޷ȥʲôġ
˵꣬׼ٴζطѹɱ֮һ·ÿһʱ㶼ҪΪѹһȴ㾪ȣյɱ֮Ȼˣѹˡ
ĿⲻɿǱ鲼֮صķ⣬ż룬һЩɱ֮ɡ
Ｋ֮µʱѾǰˣ㿴ǰһΰȴԡڷ֮µҲһ߹ȥ
ԽӽԽоԼԽ󣬷ůĹЧĻ鲻ԽҪղǷˣҪȻ
˿ɣҪͨ˵Ļ֮⣬ȻΪɮ
ɮȥͨʱ򣬴ȴһ䲻⾡ܲ󣬿ȴͬؼƵġ
ţˡĲԶӭԶλ
㵣еȴǶ˼֡û뵽Լߵ֮⣬ԷͲ˵ݡ
߳һɮˣɮ˹֮ȥȻϣղ겻֮С
Զһֱ뵽һԺ֮󣬻ԶŹսȥ
̤ȥ¿ľķһɮɮͣµĺۼƤͬĿвһſŷ顣
ʦǰǰɮһ
ɮſ۾۾ǣ޹⣬ն˶СԷվһԣȴɮڡ
ɮĿǴתִתָָǰţ˵
лʦɮϣȴɮĿڡԷȻ㵽˵ĵǶǵҲ
ǣɮ֮󣬾ͼĿк͸ոһŷ顣
ҲϣȴɮǣɮȴһƵģһ˾ʱ䡣
ٵһ֮󣬼ɮЩסˡҪЩɮȶһ
뵽⣬Ҳܺʲʣɮʦ˴ǰ󣬲֪ʦ
ɮ۾Ŀ⿴㣬һ˵ڷǰɾͷġȴδܳסʱδɮЩˡ
Ȼ֪Է˵ǵһڵ飬ֹڷǰˣ˭֪ǷôģͿϼۣ˷ġ
Ȼô룬ȴ˵˵ҺͷԵʦذæ
仰ԱߵĻԶ̲סһ㣬ɼǵԼʦ˵λӵзĵˣķڿִϺͷԵû뵽˿̾ȻԵ
ȻԵѵã֮ܵҷдԵɮ˵
仰ڨڨЦЦټӻ˵ȥɮҳɺˡ
ʦѧʶǳ޷״ʦ⡣
޷㲻ɮѣֻġɮĻľģĵԷҪԼɷɡ
Ǹʦ˴ǰǺʹʦ۷ģʦιӥشʦܾҵȷӵɡ϶ԷֱŶԷ˵
ǣһ仰˵ȴûԶɮĿ⿴㣬еľһ㶣ʡոһ仰ֲû˵ʲôôɮˣ


1161 ޳
ʦû˵ʲôɣ㿴ͬϱһĿĵ׷ë̲סһ䣬ӣҪܿǵĿ⡣
룬̫ã¶뷨ɣԼĳ࣬ˡǣųԼ뷨ʦǵõˣô뷨ء
ֻǣĿֱֱĶ㣬ȷʵͷƤ顣
Ҳ̲ס㣬ʲôģֵ
ε֪ιӥ¼ɮ㻺˵
ŻȻĵԷΪʲôˡιӥĹǰ˽֪ȴ֪ʹ֮ˣֻЩλʵĸɮ֪Ϊµĵ伮ֻЩ˲ܿ
ǣȴ֪Ҫ֮ˣǵǲþȣƫƫ㲻֮ˣڽӴҲޡȴ˵ʡ
ĸҲµģſں
ɾһ仰ɮȻˣ˵ͷԵſһ˵Ȼз𷨣ǱȻ
޲úݺݵĳԼһƣԼ˵ʲô˵˵ȥ˵ԵϡͷиƨԵְ
Ǹʦ˳Ժζȫ϶ͷԵ˵ʦҪ˷ʱˣõˣ氡Ҫ֪˶ţ϶Ѫġ
״ܷ֮سɷ𡣡ɮ˵ԵˣǰʲôȻԵɷ𡣡
̲סⶼܺƣ˵ģҶܳΪʥˡ
տڲԣΣҲ˵ͷйص飬˵ȥ汻Է޶ûطޡ
ĲɣɮЦЦЩԵܿҲעҪģ
ԷͣǽЩ̲סˣɮ˵Ȼʦ˵ǽͺ˵˵ÿɷ񣿡
һ仰ûԶնɴ۾ĿǲǷˡǰɮҪɮ𣿺һڵⲻҳ
رǻԶɫŹ֣ʦųӣڷӷǺεﲻҲ֪ǣȻҪʦ⵱ǳţ
ɮ˵ҲŭЦȻԣʩ˵
Ȼǰ˵㣬ɱѪǣѪǺڶ֮ͨںһǲ򣿴˿̣ѪǵĴ߳ǰǲǵĹ
ɮһۣ漴ͷȻ˵Ȼǣ
ʦˣ˵
仰ûԶɴ۾ҲЩѺʦǺų֮𡣿˵Ӿеķ𣬿Լеķ𣬴˿ȴȳˣܵˣ
ܻ
ɮȴûΪĻŭʵҴ
ʦڣǵֵ򣬶ȴֻһֹ㿴ɮ˵
ʩ˵ɮƽûΪǰֵŭϿ㻹Ǻλɮģȷʵһõ֮ˡ
ҪƽﶨȻǴ˴Ϊգòˡ
ʦΪΧɱѪǶǴ˵
ħΪȻǶԣڹѳͬɸɾɮ˵ʱ򣬱ҲЩĿ⵹̲סһաΪҲŹĹͫ
ʦǴˣ˵˵նħҲҪȥȡ
ʺȳԼˣԶ̲סȳδ֮УħȲˣѵɱ𣿡
ɨ˶Էһۣɮ˵ʦǸˣȻ˵سɷ仰ħħǴʦ֪ܵԷɲ˷𣬷Ų
ʩԵˣħɳɷħܳɷ𡣵Ҳ֮ŭҲгһ˵õѪǣħɱ¾䡣ҷֻʩչһŭΪ䳬ȡ
ʦִˣûгԣ֪ѪǶȻˣ˵Ȼħһ߿ܷȻһߣǾ͵ŬɱԷ
ĻɫЩ졣￴ǿʶѪǵֵزôܷһ߿ܣʲôûһ߿ܣˣ˵ܸأһ߿ܾͬ־Ȼ
һ߿ܣǲܵĿܣǴ˿̵㣬ǿʶ㡣
ȻԶŭˣǿʶ
ͻȻЦˣҲջԶĿȴɮ˵ʦǿʶ˭ܱ֤ҵĻǴġڣǲȥȻѪǣҪûΪѪ޷ˡǴˣȥ޷ȻϹڵأһڶȥȻѪħûǣ˵֮ܶȻûԣ˭ܱ֤
ɮĬΨлԶҪ𣿡
ҡҡͷһǲɱħҲ飬ɱħǱ˷򡣷浱ܸιӥ岻˭ľ򣬶ûУҲ򡣡
㡭ԶҪȴ˵ʲôȻʵǿȴ
㲻ǿɮ˵ʦΪ˵𣿡
ɮЦ˵ʩҪǵһĻ֣
ã˵ˣΣǿʶôãֱӱ˼һ仰
ɮ˵ΪҵȲʷ棬޷зֻ֮ܿ˽ຣ
仰Ҳ޷˼Ҷ˵ԼǷˣҲǻ˵ƨ
ʦ㹰֣ȻԷûһǻһ
ɮҡҡͷɮ֮ˣ޷֮򣬶Ψʩֱ֮ġʩɳɷ𡣡
仰ҲûʦȻǾ͵Ϊǵ𡣡
ʩΪҪθ𣿡ɮ˵
˵ǰλŮӣǵµĹ˿ǰǾȻǲȣ
˵仰ֱֱĶɮ˵ʩһΣ
ɮ˵꣬ǰͳһ̡
㿴ڰ׷ӣɮ˵ǲ壬ǰܾ
ɮû˵һֱ֮˵ӼȻ˵ڽµȻΪ为𣬹һ壬ܲƣɮ
仰һɮЦȻ²´ʦȣͲˡ
һ仰ոĿ㣬ոնԷûӦȾǲҪ壬˼һ˵۽ζȣͱˣһ޳ܣ뵽⣬յɫˡ


1162 Ȼ
ɮĻҲŭЦſ˵²ɮΪŮΣʱ壬ɮͺʱΪŮβ
ô޳ܵİɣ㿴ɮĿ࣬û뵽Էһʦǵõɮôôأ
ɮ㣬ЦɣҷǷ棡һˣϲŭ֣
죬ԼܺͶԷȫǿʶҪԼȵɮɮݣһˡ
㿴˿գֿ˿ɮվԴ̣ȻʦִҪҪٲӦͲˡֻ治ôʦΪδӮͲΰɣ
Ȼᣡɮͬһ𣬡һ֣ʤɮΪ俴
ͷɮ˵ȻˣǾʦԣʦ룡
ɮҲֳֺӣϣ̷ǷƷ£ŵɢȥͬˮһ
ԶԼʦһ壬ȻΪȻɻպ˵һߣĿ˵ľٶ
ְֳӣǰڰ׽̣ͷƤ顣ղóģȥԶ֮⣬ʲôǰɮȻǴи֣ȻԸȥֻԷвòܡ
»ģǾӰɡ뵽⣬Ҳȡӣ㶪ϡ
ԶҲߣҲó¡еĲϲŨˣֻ䣬ϲģ¸ǲʦҪʦݺݵĽѵһ㡣
ɮȴ־ٶ˿Ϊ⣬ЦЦ˵ڶӡ
ķſˣҲ͸ɮһӣȫûйɣҷţŵ룬£Խ췴Խá
ǣպͻԶǰǲĿһĻ£޹ʱڵԼ·
ֺҵ·ն˼ˣ·̫޳ˣôһ¶Է壬ϸҲס
ɮȴδ֪Ƶģɻһſӣһſ£ҲһӣܿϾͺڰ׷ܵĲҲ̶ãϵӺԾԵѹƵİס
նȥˣɫ΢΢졣ȴƤЦһӲ¡
ɮˣҲҲŭ塣
һ岢ûмֶãܸա
֮󣬰ϵһɮЦʦ˵ˣԲǴʦĶ֣ʦȴţҲˡʦǲǿʼˣ
ʩԶΪҷ֮裬ûи¡ɮûʤ㣡ɮЦ
仰̲סĵ׿һϺҪԼŲɣ
淴û֣֮Σǻ°ɡɮ˵
ҲҲգʩȻһļΪλŮʩβɮ˳ʩġʩɮɮڰ֣վӣźԺȥ
ϲոɮȥ
ֻɮǰԺԶȴɫ˱䣺ʦ𣡺Ժ˷桭
Զδ˵꣬ͱɮϵҷԵȻܽУݵöԡ
ԶɮĻȻʿɻǱϵ죬ȴĬĬ˵ͷиԵ֣˶ͷԵ滹

ɮһ·źԺȥԽ߾Խоеķŵ֮䡣ַҲ𶯲ѣҪзĵĻҪ߽ﶼѡ
ԺضŨķޱȣ㿴գ̹Ȼԣ㵹Ƿ뵽ԷŹĹͫܶԱ˲޴ѹǶȴá
һ֮󣬳ǰһ𣬿һ𺳡޴ޱȣȫϣ޾ķַŨʵʣһСڽܣ񣬶Ȼǰܿȵġķķ۶ɵģÿһ𶼱
Ӳ֮Ķ·عĸһԾҪѹƶѹƲס
ֱ仯裬Ŀ⿴ɮȴɮ˵ɮ˵ҷԵ
иƨԵ̲ס໰ˣҪѹƷĵĻԾʹԷûһ˿أķȴԽԽһĻĶǷ⡣
㲻뵽˵ڷǸʦ˵һ仰ԵҲܲ
뵽⣬̲סתͷ뿪뷨
ǣ뷨ոɮ͵˵ʩԵУ޿ɱܡ⣬ѹеķ𣬵շɻѹһΣѹƵڶΡһ죬ѹƲסġˣβ˳Ӧģسɷ𣿡
ǷңܳΪңҲܳΪ𡣡
ѹƷģȴһ͸УĲıҲӿֵ⡣㾡ܼѹƣѹƵľȴԽԽˡ
ɮ˵ԶΪǱġ˿Υģȥɣ㡣㽫Ϊҷӣ
ɮ仰ͬװԺԭĿ֮һɢĿͣŴȱͬɷõһ㣬ӿ⣬ƯȥŽڶȥ
տһĻ󼱣󺰵㣡
ЦЦɮ˵ʦ˲ʧȥģѹ˷⣬նȻ𡣡
ʩΪϲɮһš
㣡㲻ҪϺеģ㡣մ󼱣ܿ˷š
˵Ҫ߲ģ޳ɾ͡ҪǷҵıģǾͳɷΣҪҵıģζܹҳɷ𣿡
ʩʩҷѡ֮ˣд˴󳹴򡣡ɮЦʩܹ۷÷ģǾҷ֮ӣʩʱɲԸšзʩȻɷ𡣷򣬾͵Ƚ
ɮĻǼֱšɮǺǻʯĴڣ˲ڿҪ˳ӦģҪǰĽȻɷ
ǰĽմ˿Ҳ²ʲôˣ˵һڽ𣬴Ƿ죬ܶȻдۼﶼȻΪ޺ӡ
ܵסҪǣ߷ģҪȻΪ򵥡ɮ˵㱾𡣼ȻȻ£
պ޲׷ȥס㣬ȴɮҡͷϵŮʩαżܳɷõĻԵӦΪϲ
ϲͺ¿һ򲻱ֵգʱҲ̲סԱߵĻԶʦʱΪļ֮һﲻǱ˹Դǣ˾Ȼÿһصġ


1163 ɷ
ɮˣҲŭĿ⿴㣬ֱֱڽķϣУϵķ⣬ϵ͸У͸ȥ֮ɫһƬͣ˺ͽںһ
ϣ⻯ķҲܱߣʱʱһӿ뵽С
ı仯ܵرãճһ޴Уͬ쫷Ĵһ㣬ڲϢطƱáһĻʱϵͽһգճֵľС
зⱩǣ֮أâۣﶼ֡
ˣǣͽڵأĿ⼯еǾľ޴УתգһЩżͽ˲Ȭǿͷѡ
ʱӿķͬڵĺˮϵô𣬾ĴȻı壬ȻĿż֮ء
ǰͺ¿ڸʲô
ķ⣬ѵҪͲɣ
ˣ⡭

Ϊ˶𶯣ڽĵ㣬ȴ붨ˣ쫷ϯľ޴ת;ķ뵽֮УͬʱҲʱʱһӿ뵽֮С
һĻɫ䣬۾ҲЩѪ졣˷Ȼ֮£㻹֮Ҫǣ˿ɫԽԽͣϵĴȱԽŨոļ١
ӷҷҪɾһˣɮŽĵ㣬гŷš
Զ˿Ҳ㶵Ŀĵ㣬޷Ƿѡ֮ˣȻгɷ֮Եòţ˶ܳɷΪʲôܳɷ
Ϊӵĵӣһмӣȴ𶼽ӽˣ˵˶Դˡ
Ǿķϵӿ뵽УڲϵǾģƣ񲻶ϵ뵽֮С
Ϣӻ֮ʾƬֵ֮ʾĻʾֱʾ
һ־˵ŻԶĿɿڴΨֻɫ䣬ɫһƬҰףʵܵ𣿵˾ıȻ˺С
Ǵ˿ˣܰѵˣ۶ܶȻľ֮ڶ͵ľӵзģ˵ķ֮ӡ
յɱ֮Щܿˣ۾ʼѪ졣
ɮһĻдһӡӡϣյѪɱ֮Žȴ
ʦŹɣհɮУǾϴż־֮⡣
ɮҡͷŮʩˣɮ֮ʩıģиģǺҷԵɮֹҲֹˡʩĹע
ʦհС
ɮ̾һҲʩɮ˿Ҳʲô
ɮ˵Žܹȥȴǽ𱩶ķ⵲棬Ŭ޷ƽ⡣ղϵײ⣬˿޷⡣
ղһеײ⣬ɮҡҡͷ̾Ϣննй֮ȴ֪ע޷ѣͬԼһ
ϢڲϵѾ֪εǿˣԶ㣬鼤˿̵Ѿ´ˣڲϵ
ѵҪɷ𲻳ɣԶֱֱĶ㣬ܼ֤ĵĪ
ɲϵ뵽Уڲϵǧķͬˮһӿ뵽֮У˸ͣȱԡ˿̵㣬һһ
ײⲻ̱ܽڵϣ棬вѵĿһĻ
Ѿ֪жǿˣѾǻԶܴĦģޱȵĶŷе㡣
ڣҪɾһˡ
䣬ױԶֻ֪Ҫ£ĳɾͷλ
ɮſеգ̾Ϣһ˵ʩҪ֤ķλǴϲ֮¡
ûɮĻĿ⿴㣬׹㣬ģ㲻ᱻȻģվվ£޻ͷ֮·ˣ
ǣȴûĺҲ£һײϵĺ£âǣס˴ףܺǬףһЩϡ
£ʧǣһ˿㶵Ŀŷе㡣
Ѿ£ضϿɾͷλˣʲôʲô
ңеѪ֮ɫֿʼӿֻ֣ϵķӡҲâǣѹɱ֮
𶯣֮ÿһܺǬɫ䣬ǿ֮£ΡΡڵأܵ׵ŭ⡣
ףȴסΨһСϡһС֣Ҳ԰ɲʲôӰ죬ޱȣĻû
ӷҷз𣡡ɮŷš
Ҳû֮УѾǻԶܸܵģ͹˵ϣ˿̵ʵҲܴĦġ
ɾɮ˵仰ʱԭһͣȱޣļ㣬ȴȻվϵĴȱн֯һ˿ȫȴż˿ߡ
ӴķУĻǼ˿׶ʲôͬеһˮһ㣬Եò档
ǣɮһ˿ϹͻϢɫȴȻ䣬ŵĿ㡣
ⲻܣҷһʣɮ͵ĽӡΪΡǣ֮䣬ȴһѪҺ˳֮ܵ
ɮеĺȻǲʲôʱ֮˵ʤ˼ûС㣬ȻѪҺȻʲôû㵽
ǲ˼ģ˵㣬ʦվǰ㶼ҵһЩߡǣȴˡ
ɮ鸴ӵĿ㣬ɲż˿סɮһҧٴûãһѪҺ˳㣬ܵشɫҲҰ˼֡
ⲻܣ׵ʲôΪҶ޷㣿ɮԲ۾㡣
Ǭɲ£ʧǹҲϵ뵽СѾûɷģˣϵȴûжȻ
Ƿѡ֮Ҷ㣿ɮɻ
Ǿɮɻ̾ϢȴɷʱȴһʹȱȻվԭûʧǱŵ˫ĿҲôȻſ
ԭѪҪռ˫۵գʱҲ˲ѣĿ⿴㣬еѪ֮ɫ˲


1164 ʾ
Ȼվ㣬⣬𶯲񷣬ĽУϹͬϹȲϽƣȴ֮С
ɮһĻϵ¶˼ֵǡֱֱĶ㣬ѡеķΪʲôỹûȫ֡
֮ģ𣬵ΨңΪģΪơ
˵עУվͻȻڿն뿪ƣŽ𶥼ȥӿһƣƴŻǷ֮£Ʋԣȴһռ塣
Ҿ֪У㲻ᱻȻġմϲдżˮ㣬Щ赸
Զȴɫ䣬Բ۾Ŀ㡣޷⣬Ϊʲô涼Ȼһһӵзĵˡ֣ͨ޷ԵĴ۶ܱȻһӵзȴ۵Ȼ˷ķ͡
֮ݷΨңǷռݡ
֮䣬е׸ļ죬ϵķ֯ռһ
ʱǧĵͷѹȥֲķ⣬ĵͬеһҶۡڷͷеӡĽ
Ҳ̤ڷڷ֮⣬ǷܶȻġӡ֤֮ӡԽԽ졣
㲻ϴӡʱ𵴲ϢϢͬ󺣱ХʷڡܿһĻˣȻѣǽɫⱼڲϢ֮һһ㣬ʮ־ˡ
⳹׵ıɮһĻ̾һŷţӷ𣡡
ΪģΪع鱾ģ
ŭŭ֮䣬ϹǣϹ͸֮У׺ĵڣĺںһ
ߵռݣķⱩ߶ȥǴ˿̱ȵıģ˭ռݱģ˭ʤ
һΣ˴˵ĵΪ졣ǣװûʧҡ׺ĵģٴζԼġ
ģ̳ȴ֮Ĵڣ㱾֮ռʱ
뵽֮еһһ֮䣬ÿһ̺޾ķӿͬһ㼤ֻؼǼķȴʼͬǵķ貵Ľ⣬ڲ֮УĲ񷱬ѣ̻ͬһţâҫ
񲻶ϵļ˶ܿϵĲϣ̻ͬһ貵Ĺâò˥𵴡
ڵҪʲôǷһ̻𣿡
˾֮ٳһλ𣿡
˷ֲ񷣬Ҫǵķ𣿡
ߣǵǸ룬˲ɣ

Ϊ֮𶯣̧ͷ񷣬ǱⱩĵطÿһܵǣ
ɮмҲӿǱǵöΪ֮ԾϢʼɮɫӣĿ㡣
ΨлԶ޵ֱҧӣһӣһɷ𣬳Ϊ½ǿ֮һǣȻˡ
ҪʲôջܷǷ

ԶڸĿ㣬ۼ֤һĵҲۼ֤һ䡣Ŀ㣬鸴ӡһм޲ðԼЩڡ
ǣȻǲʵģ𶼿ˡֻ֮ܿвϼķڲΪһ̻
ϵķ񲻶ϼҲɢ彥ıԼĵռݡ
ҲǾ޴ģ̶ʱ䣬Ϣʹ޵еĴڻص֮ǰľ硣ˣ׺͵ȫռ塣
ֵزڷģеѪҲʧһɶĿ⿴Ϊԡ
ڽ֮ϣĵӡ׽ӿķ⣬ʱٴ͸ȥ
տһĻ̲סٴεɮȴҡҡͷ޳ɷԵˣŮʩΪġϧϧˡ
ɮ˵ŷģֻɮǾϧ̲סֹҪǳ˷ңǴʱϧء
ɮεȻյĻŷ˵ӷຣλʩȴҪҵ
ղɮۣ˵㰲ȫһжֵˣҲûкɮµ˼
ڽ֮ϣŷ⣬ʵҲֻȲ֮ǰ
Զüѣ㱳ķ棬ΪλշΪҪշ
Ϣڲϵӣһӿ뵽Уһһ졣һʱ䣬ʵҲ˶ǡﵽʾĵزΡ
ɮŽﵽֵزǲѣȻδܳɷ𣬿ǷĻڣȻշ⡣ɷĴ䣬һ޷Ĵ
ֱӵľǿ˱ǿˣųɷһ̣ܸľ硣ջ޷ģɮ㾡ûгɷ𡣿ķտԲ֮¡
£ʵ~ڻ¡ͬһʦĿֹϣȴڣȴѧһСӵʽҲֵģͷʼٶҲҪǿ̫ࡣ
ɮԭܴﵽĻʾʾɻǣֻǲʾʾ嶼ûеͣʵﵽܽĶ塣
ӽͷɮ˵лʦһ컯
ɮҡҡͷɮ컯ԼԼ컯зĶɷҲ֪ǲҵ
Ц˸־ӷ֪֣֮ʦΨз𣬿пݷȴܳɷ𡣡
˰ˣɮ͸㣬ҵտ͸ʱ򣬻ٴγɷ֮աɮ˵
ʦ˵һ죬϶ᷢġɮЦ쳾ԸΪɮִдִܳɵ˷𡣡
ɮҡҡͷҲǺ쳾ɿ˺쳾
Ƿ棬ҲǣЦ
ɮûм̽⣬һ۽漴ͷɮ
ոŽȥտǽ⣬üͷ΢΢壬ոôȥһνȥ
ɻУɮմһ⣬գտ˽Ȼᱻ𿹾ܣֱֱߵ˽ĸǰӽǾ޴Ľ£߽˽ڣ⣬ʵʡ
Ůʩ죬֮ɮΪơ



1165 ׶ǿ
֮ȻŨ񣬵ڴ˿̵˵ȴû̫Ч뵽ʾѾǶˡ⻹ΪԵʣгɷʱľ״壬гɷʱľ򣬼Լɷɵķģʵﵽʾĵز
еķ޷󣬿һɹɵķ͸յУҲܱȻҪѪǶܶȻϹžͲôͷˡ
ڴ˴δ죬֮ɮΪơɮ˵
յͷ
ʩҪڴ˴⡣ɮ˵֮ҲյĶ棬Ŀ
иоȤҲûмС̤֮߳У
ںڣ㵹Ҫ档ո߳ȴԶһŭĿ㶣̲סŻԶ˵˴ʦ
Զ㻹Һ˵̲סһгɷԵƫƫҷ档Ϊû𣿡
仰㵣̲סЦʦﻰʸ֪ڵˣ˭֪Ǵ½һôڡ
ˣ̤ͷΪΣԶɫĿ㣬һע㡣
㵣Цҵĵⲻʲôɣ
ҷ棬˵ԶŭʮĿ㡣
Էˣ˵ڰɣ㿴ʦû˵ʲô
ʦȣȴӲܡԶŭ㡣
ҲЩϲˣԸͻԶгͻϾҪΪβ뵽ԶȻ˲ƣӵķһ㶼ûѧ
Ҳ˵ȥתȥ
㲻Զǰŭһվסһ
˾ͲˣʲôҪģڰ֣ν˵
Ǿһ仰ȴûԶըˡʲôв˾Ͳˣڣ
ôĿҵҪǲҲôĿԶŭӿǰ
ÿʲԸ㽻֣ҪȤ㿴ŻԶ˵
ȤҵҪ˭ҪǲΪԼΪǸͷ㲻õ߳ڡԶ㡣
üͷûдԺǰȥһȱ۵ĺУҲΡ
㡭첽߶ǰ棬һҪͷǸ
ͣ½ŲŻԶ˵Ӵʦûн㣬ƽ𣿱ΪҪͷ
Զﶮʲô𷨣Ȼ̸Щѹѹ¡
Զˣ̲סˣŻԶ˵㵱Ҫͱʽ֣
Զһ˵ղڷǰͷǸ㲻õ߳
ҲգȻˣǱʾͳȫ㡣Ҫʤ㣬ǲԺ鷳㶢ŻԶ˵
Զһ˵ʤ˵
仰˵ͷһ۽𣺡ʦУҴҲҪʦȻҪǾɡ
ԶȻܾ㼤ȥӰһҲϣ硣
Զӿ⣬財Ȼ𷨲ôǷȴտޱȣ䣬һһĻҲµһЩɮ˿һ̲סȣԶʦʲô
ɣˣǸ˶ԷӣŶԷ˵
ߣԶҲʵӿ۳ɾ޴ӡһƺһƽŷ⣬ͬӡһ㣬ݻһС
ԶʦҪʲô˭򶷰
͵Ǹ꣬ô˻𱬵ĻԶʦ档
ˡԶʦȻʵµĶڣ˵ǰòĻʾĵز

ɻĿͷԶһӡ£ӰϣȻⲻı壬Ӱķ飬һߴ˹
ٶ̫ˣŻԶ˵֮ϣ似ɣоͰңΡʱңʡȻϾһʾҲܳԽ۵ٶȡ
ֻֻǸһεĻԶ˵ȴ׾ٵĳԽˡ
ԶҲû뵽ܿ쵽ֵزһ֮еķӡɲϵĴ˳һƽȫûأԵޱȡ
㿴ŶԷ趯ʽдЦ˵ֻʾǣ㲢֪ʾӡһʾΣ
Զٴαܿһ˵ΣͿ𹦣ȻǷӣߵһҲǽң˵ӣҲ㡣
ԶУӿֲ֮䣬ڲϢ㲻òϣԷķ𹦾տʥӵҪĶࡣߵһˣ˭Ȳʥӣ
ҲգȻˣǱʾͳȫ㡣
˵꣬̽һֻ֣ͬķӡͬĹͻԶһģһֱŶԸպ˹ȥ
ڲУ޴ķӡ貣ֱ潻ȥ˿ɻ󲻽⣬ôҲʩչ˾տķ𹦡
ǲ֪ųɷľͻƵʾʩչ˾տķкѡ
ԶȻԷ𹦶Կɫŭ̫趯֮䣬ӡǱǡ
ЦЦһƳӡײһ
ʱֲⱩҫأƲʱķ飬ռݡ
һƣĺԶǱһķӡƣֱӺ˻ԶؿڡԶҽУ嵹ɳȥдżֲŵĺȻУļ㣬ʮ֮Զ
ְɣ㲻ҵĶ֣㿴ѪĻԶ˵ӰƮ񷣬ٿԶһۡ
ڻԶûзϣʲôõĺôǳɷ֮ĸ򣬶ԷǷλڶǿͷ
һûнʾԻԶͷۡﵽʾǸһʾĻԶʲô
˿̵㣬Ҳ֪ԼжǿֵزҪҵ֤ԼʵĶѾҵˡôĻʾ˭Ķ֡Ļʾӣɰ
˿̵ǿƣ´ȥãҲĲ˴½Ⱥ
һа˻Զ˴͵Ŀ㣬о˼顣ԶʲôںպܳԽĲࡣЩڵĻʯһа˻Զ
ѵʵܿڵıչصĻʯ
Զ̤²񷣬Ѫɫͬƽ뵽ԼȻڶԷһжֲˣԷķ𹦾տȻ޷ܡ


1166 
ΪʵҲǱġеӶԴ쳣ǻԶҲ鷳ڴ죬ȶľ硣
ٴνУɮſ۾ʱҲŷƣѪ֮·𾻻Ƶģɫͣ˭뵽Ѫǡֻ֪ʱѹƣѪǾ޷ô׽
ˣɮ㣬ӻԱߵϡ
ʦ㼫Ϊĺһʦ
һţ˵ԶԻ𱬣޷𷨣츳ȴ޷۵ĲΡͣĻʾһֱΪŬͿͻơȴ֪Ҫศɣܲ뼫ɮʩ֣׷𷨵ҪϣʩҪƽϡ
֪Զʱӿ϶֪Ҳ²⵽Է˼ЦЦ˵ʦˣΪβСȻڻ£οûм顣
ĻЦЦûм˵⣬Ŀ⿴ա
ʦյѪѹס𣿡ʵ
ɮǷ棬Ȼܣɮҡҡͷ
ʦǵõɮһҪܰЩˣ㶼ܣǾ鷳ˡ
ɮҡҡͷѪǺεǿʩǲ֪ɮȻмʵѹȴܣ
ǡüѣڶ޷ѹƣʲô취
ʩ˵꣡ɮ˵Ȼѹƣȴбİ취
а취ϲɮЩ˵ʦָ̡
ϹѪɱ¾£취ȴ޷ȻҲˣȴʥ壬ǶѪ˽һ塣ɮ˵˶٣ѾѪɮȷʵΪʱδѪǣпһַʽžħ
ʦ뽲ɮ˵
ɮӵʥѪǲѹɱ֮Ϊɱ֮ѹסһѹһ꣬ʮꡣվѹԣʥ뵽˴Ӹİ취ǾѪԼɱ֮ɱ֮ѪħӸϽѪǵΣգʥҲˡҪǵԸʥ壬䣬һħ
üͷɮ˵ʦ˵Ȼֻ֪ʥѾʧԸѪǵֶҲʧˣʲô취ֶΣ
ɮҡҡͷںʥʥһʵ˴ߣڵһλʥõʦһѪӦԵĵ伮Ҳ˵ȫʧ
ʦеʥµĵ伮ϲɮЩ˷ܡ
ɮҡҡͷֻһûȫַ
仰˲٣ѪǲǷ壬ҪĹҪϼѡ
ɮ˵ͷ˵ҲΪ⣬ϹѪǲŻͷ֡껨ľоһ伮벹ȫǣʥܱ⣬޷µַ
Ǵʦûа취ˣЩ
ҲδأڵȻ޷ַǸλ뾡취ڷֶΣʥµһ伮໥ϣҲܴﵽͬЧɮ˵ֻûо֤ɮҲ˵ʮְա
˼ϣɮ˵ǴʦΪмɣ
ɣɮ˵ҪܰĶҵĻɮаյġ
ɣֹһҲû˵
ʱȴ۾ɮ˵ѾܸˣԭΪһûпܰˡһɣлҲԸⳢԡ
Ӧ˵ͷôҪһ£ϾһᡣǾʹʦˡ
ɮȴҡҡͷɮ˵ҪĶ²пܡǣЩѾûˣЩɮҲò
仰ٺõƢҲЩˣ˵ôൽͷѵ޷
һסеɮʵʦҪĶʲô
ʥ幦ڷ𹦺ȻܽҪСһҪ֮ΪŮʩסǣɱ֮ʧɮ˵
ûãɮ
ɮȵĿһۣӷ𣡿һ屦ˣϲɺءϲӣȷʵһıȴʺŮʩʩΪ֮ˣȻûһ˿ʥͳѪŮʩ˵òˣҽҪȫãһֱʩչûܼôá
ɮĻһ㶣漴Ųò϶ԷȻǿȴ޷á
ûĶ𣿡ʵ
Уɮܿ϶˵һڣԳƹа֮а֮Уȴһֳҩʡֳҩʣÿһֶ֮䡣а֮´Ӳ֮ͬˡֻȱ˵ҩʱѰңѰ֮ҲԲ׽ռһصĹڣҲԲ˴⡣ԾУȴѵã
üͷ˵һѵ㣡أ
Ҫ֮񾳣ͬΪ令סꡣɱ̫֮ҩʲȫֵʱʧҲʧǲҵı֮һ
仰̲סٻ㣬벻֪ûа취õһ
أ
ɮشҪڤˮǾΪǶɱ֮ʱ½Ҳѵõı֮һңǴʱľ壬ҲıϹʱڣʥΪҲҪⱦھȡ̫ࡣ
ЩоͷƤ飬ÿһǿ֮Ҫȷʵѡ
𣿡ʵѾļˣ¶Է˵Ѱı
ƷȻҲ󣬿ڵֶΣѰΨһһеģҲɮ԰æԭ֮һ
ʲôüѣɮ˵
ɮһһһ˵Ҫʥ֮ˣѪʩչʥ伮ϼصĹҵȷ𹦣пܳɹʥ壬ûԤģԡȻȴֲΡ
ɮĻ㶣Ŀ⿴գҲ˲١һվɮ˵ǰҪ֮ΪʦѰϣʦչ˶С㡣
㣡ռ˵
ЦЦɮ˵ʦɷӦ
ɮ̾һֺαˣ⡭
ʦȲԣԵΪʦѰֻҪʦһŵѡ㶢ɮ˵
ҪѰɮԵɮһħҲɮ컯ɮ˵
㹰֣ˣǾ鷳ʦˡ


1167 
ӳŵ֮ջʱ䣬档α˼֮صɽ֮ȻǷֵĵطҲΪˣ߾ɫͱ𴦴ͬһζ
֮غ֮ܶأС̤ͻᱻȻɶ˵⣬˲̤ĵطȴȥñֵǣͽΪǷ潵һĤڵء
ȻǾǣʲôʱ治ŮɫˡͬŮʮǣֶһ
ڴα֮غڰοպֻȥ
Ȼ⣬Ȼȥһҡ
ĶӲӰʱ㣬ʹûиսƷҲߡ
ֻ⣬ȴⲻټԦ߸սΪ֮ѣһɴ۾Ŀֻӷ籩аȻߵ㡣
һĴУȻ°Ȼߡ
һ￴ôоЩϤҲᣬ˭
ѵһλʯ
пܣǰ⣬Ҫʲô
Ϊ֮𺳣Ȼȥһطȥһط϶ǵĿġò˾϶鷢ˡ
һսϣһȴüͷߵ̲ͬסʵսү㿴ʲôأӦλʯҲûʲôֵģϾЩǰפϻͯҲǿܵġ
㽻ֹսȴɫŹ֣ûһ˵ıӰ𣿱磬㣡
սүҪЦˣʲôˣôⲻս磿
ǣսүˣǸͽҲߵֵزˡ
սү̫߿ԷˣǸͽǺ޲ɱô⡣ãڵսүҲǶˡ
սһȺô˵ЦЦҲԼˡ㲻ܳɳֵز
ҲҪƨˣʲôҺȻͽ١Ҳ˶Ȼ֪ʱǿǱǿһģ괫澳Դͨ˿˵Ѿ۾ˡ
սô˵һȺ˵ҲǣôǿҲһͽѣ⣬ɱ
ˣ˵ˣҲ˲ˣʵгϽаɣá
ţҼһսǰˡ

һȺսٶ͵һᡣǾȵǣǸǷֵǿߣȻͬһ·ߡ
һȺɫȣǳǰȥģ
òһۣսüһȺ˺ӿٶȣ
ǣʹǵٶٴһᣬԷȴʧǵС

սϵҵĵһǳصʱսֱҵһǳصĳλĳۡսϣûд·
սмΪģһǿǰңҲСӣҪ鷳Ǿˡ
ô֪д·ϾȵĿսսȥˣ¶Уȴû뵽ȻҲ֪ܵϢ
Ǹ쵰£ս
սˣüͷĴ£ʲô
£Ǽһﲻµģսһ㶣漴ϲ
ʲô£ϲ⣬˵ʲôĴصС
ʲôսԲ۾ϣдŲ֮ɫȻ֪˵ʲôž۾ˡ
ϵͷҪл
㣡Ǹͽս¶֮ɫЩ׵Ŀϣʲô飿
˵˵ŭһѹսϣ鱩ŭԺͽΪ󣬾һȡýҶˡǴ˿̣Ĺ
ϣ˵ʲôǸѡ幦սüѡ
Ϻһȥ֪սս֮ĿɿڴôҲ벻㱳ӳңȻڰŵġ뵽Ҷʺǧٱߣ㸸׵ļ֮λ˸Ǿࡣ
Ҫ˵Ļʲô
Ǻսսļ˵ҳȥˣûвġȺ̫ˣˣЩԺ󲹳һǡ
ս˵ͷЦһŻ˵λλпˡ
ţɻʵ
һ;Уһ꣬걳Ӱʮ㡣ʱΪ㲻ʵ˵Ҷȡؾˡ
仰ʲôҲû˵Ӱٵʥصķȥ
һĻս㵣ĵҲܿ׹ڴҶȥˡ

ս֮󣬲״˿̵Ŷƣ˿̵㼸ûһ˵ĻÿһھǡĽСģҪ˭˵һĻȻᱻðƸ
һˣΪ˽˵һͽֱӱǧΧ˺ۡҪϹȥǸջ֪ǻ
һʱ֮λ
ֶäĿ֮УȴӰһ·ҵʥءʱʵһ˸ֱܷʥ֮¶Ӱʥ⣬дҵӣλ
ĻȴĴʥ֮һ仰ʱңһٶȿļǿ߼һЩչز׵ϣҲͬһȺ˰Χģ㷢ˬʵããȮӣǸţҲعأǸȴûʧ
ر㣬㸸ûģˡ
ģΪķ˲پ䣬Ǹ
ҳһҶΪ㽾ҵĴ󹦳

һЦЦҲûзϡʱԴΨһȺҲ첽߳ߵǰݺݵĶ㴹һȭ˵һ˶ȥˡã֮λҲˣɡ
ЦҡҡͷһԵ˵㣬ҳǿˡ
仰ЦϺǲ׼ҪҪͶ
仰ͦͦظƵ촽˵Ҫɣ
һ仰һƬȻʹһȺϣҲЦããǾ붴վһС
㿴žɫߺ죬ɻǾǿĿˣһ˵ðɣʤˣһû˵׼


1168 ս
صʥزûоΧӣ֪ĲϲȺִҪ£˶ûаϢȥ
ʥصһ֮УڴаΧλáĸĸеϣ̫϶ϯλһܣûз翵Ӱӣ̲סžߵĸףǬѾ뿪ˣ
㸸׵˵ͷѽûƬͣ뿪⡣
˵ͷ翵ѴΪǬһһǬڣȻҪȻ֪֪²ʲô
㣡˴´󹦣Ҫʲôڿ㣬ϴżЦ⡣̫ԤˡһϷȥңԭΪ˱㡣û뵽ǣԷȻĽȡ˻
е屦ͬڵĽǺǺһľⶫҲе߳⣬Ҳˡ
ɻǣȻöǬͻǬʲôҲһڵƶˣʮУȻûŶƬͣͬǷ
ѽҲҲĹϵ໥ΡȻ䵭ûкҹȡҲûа취顣ĳңࡣҪǬ϶Ҳ
ͿóһȻ㲻ܳΪսѣҲǵˣİοˡ
ǲҪˣ˵һĶҲϣҿϵĶҲˣ
ˣڹЦ˵ôĿӵнĲļ֮һ˻еò𣿡
ЦЦ˵ȵҩʣ񾳣ڤˮֶѰ֣
һ仰˵ıɫһŹֵĿ㣬Ҳü˵Ҫ˵ҲΪѵ֮һҪʲô
ô˵ΪѰ𣿡
ɫ˺䣺Ҫͨҩʣǿ԰Ѱ꣬ĶȴѰ
˰֣ҲΪ⣬˵ںʦн飬һ½ûжáѰʦϢȴ֪ټܷҰæѰһ£
ԼҪҶ˼ҪѯʦҶ˼Ϣǣʦβף½ôҪҵףֻҰæˡ
̫⣡ϷǰȥذѰȻ֪ʦʲôɻһڴӦ㻹ǲҪ򡣲ǹҩʣǾڤҺС
ЦЦ˵׼ȥڣ
ʲôһ仰˶͵վѡȥڣҲҲ֪ΪʲôȥġֻʲôطȥȡĶɺûʲô
Уڻδ˵һȺ̫ϾͳܾʲôЦкò׳һţôΣУ
ԲУܶն˵аĸĸ
㿴һ۶Էҡҡͷ˵ѾҩҲǱղأֻڹڳɳѣпܵõġ
ҩȷʵգǱϾǹڵĵ̣ҵҩʵĻΪ𣿡㸸ü˵
Ц˵ô֪Ҵߣ
ʱҲȵ㣡֣ȻмʵΨ˵ݣʵҲ֮ҲԣôòŻңӦò˻֮ɾˣҲȥġ
㿴ŽͻȻЦ壡ʵǰڣȥǵʥصĻҲȥ
ô˵ЩȻ˵㽭Ȼδﵽ֮´ȥãȥʥأȻȥһа֮ء
ǲˣ嶼ȥѵһ¶ԷɡЦ
֣ܺ㽭㽭Ѿʾһܲ׼۲Ρ㸸׺ȳȥڵʹסڣӦ֪ԼݣߵβףӦС¡
ûḸ׵ĺȳ⣬վŽ˵ûȤ̵һ㣿ֶ֤½
һ仰һ㶣漴ۿ㣬˸ǰҪĶͷǲǷˡǺεǿߣȻȥսη
ǰĶͷһ˵֣
˿ɲĻֵĶͷ漴ܹŹ־ȵ˵ûհô˵Դ˵Ļ
һۣŮ˼ƽϣŽЦûȤָһң
ʧ֮ϾˬʵĴЦããеֻҪ㲻ᣬҾͺһҲҿܳһʲôˡߣȥҵĽǶ
ִܼҪȻܾȻһЦȭͷȭͷ죺ѵսȻĻͱԼƨˡٺ١
Žܲʼ磬ŽǶȥ
ҵһϴҲںҲ뿴Ŵδ漣жǿˡڽгסС
ʹ棬Ҳ¶Цɫź֮ɫûд㣬ȴûпʵһ㱡һ͸ʵ
ʮ־棬˿̼ͽ֣ܽȻڼɣ
ƺƵһȺ˵ʥصĽǶ߽еˣ˶ڴ֮УҪ֤ڽмֶá
սص֮󣬾ͼиϹ֪ǶʱϽվڳеͽܣսզ಻ѣСӲҪͽսɣ
ΨĿվߵսȵʲôʱģ
սûлشΨģſʵѽؼˣ
ΨĿЦһ˵ͷ£
ս׼ǵõȷϻ̲סһΨʵһʼ֪Ϸˣ
Ψĵͷֻˣ֪Ĳࡣĸ׶֪
սεôΣ붼ûˡ
Ǻǣ޷㵹ǲǼƽϣӴӦʼ֪ʲôҪս壬ˡ
ΨĵĻսͻȻҡͷ˵ǵҲδأ
ţ仰Ψ㶵Ŀս㲻Ϊܿ⽭ܰɣȻȡؽҪսȴѡ
սȴЦҪԤˣһĻͲô˵ˣ
һĻΨĺɻ󣬲֪սġ
սռӰһ˵ʱҼ㣬ֻǶӵĿռ䣬ȫûһ˿ͬǿߣͥ
һ仰Ψɫ䣬ɴ۾Ŀе㡣


1169 ս
㣡¿ɱŶܿȻһЦ
½ֲأЦ
ããܴЦͶȥڵ롣
˵ʱһȭֱ˹ȥһȭûжöɶѣֵܻġܲˡԸвˡ
һȭƾˣֱɨȥƿռ䣬ռķ±ɫسķ򣬴ż⣬ƫƫֿ
һȭвϵͷĵʵȻδǶʽƿȴдһ츳ˣҲֻһ츳֮¡
˵ټʱգܲ׼ۣͻƵۣǼٴγһǿˡ
һȭΪ㣬ȴȵվ˿ûбܿ˼̽һȭֱŶԷӭȥȭͷƣûһ
˿һȭüѣʲô˼ѵҪƾһȭԿܲɣ
ɻ󲻽£ͽܵȭͷײһȭ޻ΣײһûУƾ˵ȭͷ˿ܴͱ㵲档
վ˿ҲȭȵĿ㣬漴ЦСӣмʵѹָҽаˣһȭ߳
˵꣬һȭٴκ˳ȥɺ޻Σȴ˲١˿զ಻ѣĿ⼯еϡ
Žܵ˹ȥ͸ոյһĻһģһûƶһ˿һȵվѽһȭ׵ĵס
˵Բ۾ֲ߳Ȼסˡ
Ҳ¶⣬û̽ȥһȭȭϵȥһȭȭȻ֮俴ľǣˣԷҲδκε㡣
վ˿ȭӡֱܰųɵĵزȵվ
Žǻصһȭ㽻棬˿һƬȻһĿ㡣ʹҵڣҲ鼤Ǻ첻ѡ
ããҺˣ
ʮ˷ܣ㼤ޱȣðȵĹâ
Ҳ͵Ŀվǰ㣬е𺳲ѹ֣λֶ̫ˣȻסųɵųɵֲףǵ۹ĻʵۣҲסǣȴסˡ
㣡ģܵסҾųٽһԡںޱˡȫȫſֲķ򣬷۳ʵʣ־춯صȭͷϣֻʣķ
㿴һĻɫߵ֮ﶼо仰˵ʥӼ֮ȻȫԣҲĿֲ
οʾĽȻûʥӵ֣ԶһʥӡÿһﵽֵزˣȻ˵
ӼûԸҲСӡǣҲ˶ԷͬƱӿ֮طƱɫ
ӿϣ趯ֱֱۣ۱׾죬еĿֱֲ֮ɨ񷣬𵴲Ϣ
һĻĻ𵴣еľ֪֪ʵû㱬ѾǵԤϡ˭Ҳ޷뵽ǿ
ͽܽһ߾޴ǬŤתֲĳ֮ҪǿߵĽ磬ҪϯҡǾˣǽҲ𶯵ҡβϢ
£ڲܰȵվԭأӰߣֱ۲ÿβȶ֮䣬̤һƬƬݡһƬƬռ֮䡣
㱻ĺˣǽҲͬܣͬɫ԰ף嵹ˣֱ۲˳ȥÿһ𵴵ѣд֮ɫ޷ӵ˿ֲȻѪ
ֱͬ۾һĻǺȻ֮ɫ鼤
ϾȻͽ൱
Ȼﵽ־磡ٳһǿߣ
尡
˳ȵĶ֮Уһ˷ܲѣǳ֮ɫرˣð⼸ҪƵġ
Ȼﵽֵزȴû뵽˿ﵽ˺Ȼĵز
ͽƽֵǺʾ൱ˣ
ܶ˸оԼܿƣ˭Ҳ޷뵽̶ʱȻﵽֵزҪǣǱҪԶԶǿܡ
ҲЦվ߽͵˵û飬ӻΪҲ֪ˡ
ͻȻһӿĸоһֱԼľǴģ˿жѡǶԵġȽԴҪõĶࡣ
Ψĺսһۣеûʲô⣬֪Ļж磬֪ˡ
ҲЦããڳһţҾʹҿ츳ǿ
֪кεޱʩչһʽÿһжֲ£Щ꾳ûʽ֮Уƿؽÿһʩչȣ˿ľ
㣬㼴ʹ൱εʵϡƿأʩչǼսϾᡣ˴ΣҾͽ̵㣬βļɡܹЦʽʩչ
仰ΨĶͷ̲סЦһҪԴˣ
ս̲סΨģȻǱϾ̻ǲ罭壬ô˵Դ
Ψûлشֻ뵽ߵݡ̲סЦ˵ˣƿأѾܶˡοݵ㣬ϣҪԶ
Ϊѹ㣬뵽Ц似ʩչÿһ似ɣʩչ֮䣬಻ɫ䣬似Ҳʩչ㽻֡
ԭΪдɵ似ҲǼֶѡû뵽ɵ似ԶԶ಻似𵴶£ѹȵϵĺˣɫڲٵˡ
ŭһʥʩչѹȥ
ЦǾͬ趯ԭձգؼ䡣
濴һĻЦЦ˵ٴˣ似ɣ·硣Ҫǣ㻹бͨûСǺǣˡ˼ɽܵӣҪȻѾʼ·ˡ
Ļ˵˵ͷҲ֪ͬˡ
ʤܣÿһ𶯣Ĳ˶ĲΣﵽֲεڴ½ࡣÿһǺպĿǿߡ


1170 ŵж
ͽһսΪ֮𶯣ҼʵҲǿԵġ飬ȴܾҪȥ⵽˵ķԡǣֻ˵һ䡮Ҫȥصס𣿡һ仰˶͡ʱʵҪϢ뿪ң˭סԷִҪȥʲô
һڲ˵ʲôֻǷһΣոϽ뿪
ûдãһҪ̽ϵϢ֮ǰ˹֮ء
⣬һΪӵĵطа֮ʴʮ־ˡһ˸޷棬ҲֻаĹڣаĻ棬Ҵ洦
ҲΪ⣬һƬޱߵа֮ضǹڵΧΪϹŴ壬Ȼ˵˸̤
̤У͸оһа֮ɫ͸УȷʵɱȻûʲôáǲܵˣдϢѡ
ȻȻĵطҲܲһ·ǰУڵ˺١ֱ룬żԽԽĹˡ
ٶʮֿ죬ʱƬа֮صġ
أǴ½һأа֮Ũʵʣ㴫澳˶дһʱҪǣа֮ʱʱıޱȡƽĵ۾Ը̤ΪһСľͿ﷭ҲһطƿĹڶ̤㣬ֻҪʱ򣬲ſܲС
ҪҩʣҪҵĻаֻ֮пҵ
վ֮⣬һ̤СһУʱоа̹֮ǣ̲סתϢܸоа֮ĸʴȣǱ߾͸˵ˡ
Ȼ㻳ȴ˿ûиоƵģļ̽ͷ̽ԣͬ羰Ƶġ
ֻͼֲˣԷô棬㶼ϡ
һӣһЩǰһȥǿĸ֪Ҳɨ˹ȥҪҩһܲ׵飬ȴûа취ܾ
޴ϸϸѰа֮ıٴΣ˵ҪҵҩȴӰӶûҵ
ΣкѾҩʲҵԷ϶ҲԱ֮ҪȻڹڵΧУܳɻ
ӣԹԸǻȥ˵ٻ󡣡
еʱ򣬴һ˾޴ĺ޴ĺ㾯˼֣Ϣڹŵģ϶ǹ֮ˣ㲻Ըǣһ鷳һ鷳
ǻȥҹڵȡΪҹ˲ɣŭùɹа֮ϵķ֮䣬֮ɫȻ˵ʵ
仰̲סЦЦ˵Ǵ󵨣ȥڵȡֻڱڵ˷֣׶༪ˡ
ûйµ뷨׼ƹ뿪ߣ㻹δ߶ԶϤȴֹ
ЦСȡرĶкδ֮УҪб£߰
ŮʮдǿӲʮϤ׼ƿ̲סüͷ
վӰķ£ȥ
ʳʵѵûз֣ÿһɢһ𣿺ߣʵҪֶܼá֮˹Цдűĺζ֮ɫ
㡭Ůŭ𣬡ɣ
￴ԼѾ˶ԽǶѹƣԪɢ󣬸ĸɸɾ
һųУڵ̫ϣÿһʵﵽ֮ΧһŮӣŮɫ糺죬ΣȫɢĵϢǰ͹̣ҪظƣһˮҰ
ŮȻϤԭ׼βܵ㣬˿ȴӡ
Ů˲ǱˣǺǳЩСŵŵأҲ²͸Էʲô˿̿ŶԷ֮ΧСŮˣŮ²һءҪȻôڵȡ
ǻȥǶ֡ҪȻ㻹ҪΪ׵Ļ֮ǿߺ
仰Ů˺һŭŶԷЦʾҲǻȥб¾˱ʺͬھ
ͬھ˿ҲˡأϵĶѾ˰ɡרŶԸ֮ƵҩۣմȾֻһ;ߡҩԭ᲻ãΪ㣬Ҳˡڻ֮˹Ц
ŵ˵˫ˮֱֱĶŶԷɫ糺޶ˣĻꡣ
һ֣סΪ׵Ļ֮ͬʱ趯ŵ˹ȥ
ŵɫ˱䣬ҪԼûжԺͶԷһ˿ѾжһԶԸͬʱ֣Ψһ;
뵽ԼܱԷס⸱ҪԷŵɫ˱䣬¶ҲɫԼҲԲڶԷС
ҪסʣΡʾҲԲԸŵ˵꣬¶ɫֱۣȻ׼Լһ¡
׼µʱ򣬶ȴˬʵһ绨죬ôģŵҪһ׷֮Ҳٰ
ŵ仰¶ϲɫȻϤ㣡
֮ȴɫ˱䣬ǿ߳ʱ̲סһҵ˭һëûг꣬ҲѧӢ۾
֮ĻŵŷӦ㺰㣡ߣǹڵ̫ϣʵֲ쳣ڹҲպ㲻Ƕ֣
ûŵĻЦЦֱֱߵŵǰŵʱһʮޣǶĻꡣ㿴ŵЦЦ˵ܲܿŵ㲻ܰɡ
ŵȻŵЦɫԵ̲סЦã㣬ȴܣֱߵǰסŵ֫֫ϸһƬֻͣ㷢ẉ̂жˡ
ʲôʱˣռˣŵЩһۣŭ⡣
ѵлᣬռײռЦһЦ
ŵһҲ޿κΡ
Χŵ˿ˣһ˵ǲ֪ҹڵĵҲ˸ҴȻˣվͰסٻ󣬿ȴֻ·һ
ԷĻЦɱң
Ϊ׵Ļ֮һͬ˵ȥɱȥסŮˡ
ŵ˱ƽļɫϽ뿪


1171 ŵ
㿴ŵЦЦסŵӰ䣬ŶԷӭ˹ȥһȭ޻ΣֱֱŶԷ˹ȥ
ԸԭΪһҪǽȴԤϡ⿴ƺһȭһȭͷ˲ķ飬һȭĺȭ֮ϣλ֮ȭͷı顣
ԷҽһǾ֮ɫ嵹ɳȥɫһƬҰס
ֵĿ㣬űٵһֱֻۣǲšͬŵĻŵλ֮ߣ㶵Ŀ㣬˭Ҳû뵽Էǿֵز
ŵʧ֮¶ϲɫ˷ܵĿ㣺ʲôʱôǿˣ
ŵЦЦû˵ʲôֱһһƬλ֮ǹڵĺҲ̫СӡҪǣҪǾ˹ڵĻд鷳ԣֻʩչͨ򣬰Ǹ棬ˡ
˿֮̾䣬ɣɫ䣬趯Ҫƿ򡣿ǣ̫Сǿˡ˺޷
ǵ׼ۣǴۣ˿㾪ĺȵ
ǣ㿴˵˵ԭɱǵģǲɱд鷳ԣֻɱˡ
Ļ䣬ҧ㣺ɱҵˣ㽫ڹڴ粽С
ɱǣҲŴ粽СЦ
׼ۣҲǴۡҪɱˣҲûôɡ˺У趯һ֮䣬Χȥʮֲֿ֮䷨趯СԲķ֮䣬Ҳ
㣡СһЩŵܼ֤ǿǿ֮ˣҲЩġȫʢʱڣҪԸ˶Щ鷳Ȼոһشһˡ
ŵ㣬ȴɫޱ仯֮ưΧЦЦƷ
ݻ֮󣬱ûԹͨơͬģԭԸҲòͨġǣʲԸȥԣǸˣ
˵䣬һʱĿռ֮ûģıޱȣĳһУһŶԷȥһһ㣬ƿԷСԲİڶԷؿڡ
ŵһĻɫҲ˱䣺һһ磡ŵǬѾˣ
ŵ֮УһڶԷؿڣԷȻըѿӿڣ飬˻ĵڵϡ
һĻ֮Ȼ˶һۣ˶Էеľ֡
бֱ۵Ǹ֮ȻУҲҪ汳
˵֮䣬޾ӿ뵽ڣҪСѹơ
ҪԱŵ㣬жλ֮Щ壬ǹڵĶڡ
ȥԷŭ˹ŵ䡣ǺܿͷԼ֫ס̤ռ䣬ԷԱû˺㣬Ѫⱬըͬըһվλӿң͵˼Զһ
ֻһ֮Աֲ쳣Ȼıˡ
һ֮״дϲ缤ߣҪӳȥС㣬̤һƾ͵ǰڲŵľ֮Уıݻʵĵǰ
䣬ְʬָ֮Уȱٺʱʬ۳󣬵û뵽ˡ
ŵ㶵Ŀ㣬˲Ϸֻ̣ýΪ߸֪˭Ҳ޷ǸһʼΪܵʵϺɫЩȻôǿˣȻһٳԽԼոձֵʵ¾㲻׼ۣҲʾʵ
̶䣬ӵ۶Ǹ¶꣬ߵڴ½һУЩ㱡
ܿңŵһֱ̲סЦǲǷ˧ˣ
˵⣬̲סŵŵʱһ˽ޱȣͷһܿĹ̲סһ
ŵ룬ˣһۣͻȻֹס°ͣΪƣҪ𣿡
仰ȻЩŵ󽿵εĺ촽ȥĳ嶯
ŵûоٶ͵ıסԴ̵ӺһͷϺ촽ЩȺͲܿơ
ŵľٶһ£ǺܿͷӦڷֱŵͬʱҲŵЩŵȻЩСҪ˵飬ǲܵġ
̲ס֪һ£ŵ̵ϣĺۼ
ŵ㣡ſڣҪ˵ʲô
㻹û˵꣬ͱŵϵ죡ˣ
ŵ˵꣬ǰʱһ߾Ө񣬽׶͸ź壬ҲѹƲֹһŵһЩ˺¡
㿴ͦεɽ壬̲ס̽ȥ
ŵĵģ˵Ļ꣬Щ࣬ŵϳһۡ
ŵ˿ҲЩܿŤ
˿ǰڳ˴ԷҩۣҩɢĹͬŴŵûбѡ񣬼ȻҲ㣬ֻܱɫɫСһˡ
Щѹȥû뵽һʪĵطҪ̲סл
ֳ£ѵõ㻹ǵòһ磬УѸ߰ȫĶž

һսķ˲ʱ䣬䣬ŵŵģ˳ŵչ״ΣѾ͸̰£ǳܲˣҧһӡ
ҪˣСƨȻ㻹ŵŵĻʧɫݺݵ㡣
޹İڰֵŵˣǲӹģ
仰ŵ糺죬̬ˣһۣ׼
ǡָŻЩ߰ĵط޹
ŵһ룬վǵͷʼ̣
̼ܵû뵽ŵΪЩܵѹŵԴ
ûУŵڳݲ˵Żȴûм
ˣشһ£
ŵһֻۣٴŬ

˵ֻһ£ˣŵָԼ죬޺޵Ķ˵
ʶȤûлشŵĻǿŵ˵ŵԺ󲻻᲻ɡɱմ˶ƷҪ䶼ѡ
ŵһۣ漴ֿЦһСˣǽˡĹҩȴûа취ûһ˿粽С
仰ЦЦ˵ҵʲô£һЩضѣҿ԰
ܽ⣿ŵ۾һǺܿ뵽ʲôǸոյĴأ
Ǹ룬վûƭŵ룬Ҳܣ
ʲô㣡ŵŭ㣬㻹
ͷɵӲŻǸʱ˵Լܽأ
һ仰ŵ˲ϵʹҧгݺɱʮ㣺㣡


1172 ҩҵ
ŵߣںݺݵҧһ֮󣬺޺޵ĵһֻۣܽʵ
С쵰湻ģŵ˵ʱ򣬻Ǵź⣬һ뵽һܽĴΪ̲סҪҧ㡣
ɲŵҧȻһӡǿ˵Ⲣʲô£ֻҪ룬˲ܸԭȻɲɵ
ɬһʹ˵ҪǱŮӣҿ϶ġֻŵ㣬᲻ýˡ
ŵ仰ЦãҲ֪ϲǸƽϢһͷ˵ʲô֪𣿡
ʼ˵ŵ㶼Ҫ̫ˡ
ĻŵʵʵֻҪǹڣеĿгη
֪ŵΣգԸϽˡŵ˵ǲϬŵſں˵
ŵСŮܱƭ˷˵⣿
ŵˣȻһЦ漴ŵЦҿûдڵ⡣ֻѰһҩѡ
ʲôҩҪѰһʮֶӣƽҩԴҪҡŵ㶣漴ܿ˹ﵽ־磬һҩҲԲҪ˴ǾֻѰҴ˵еǳҩˣ뵽⣬ŵ̲סԲ۾㣬Ҫҩʣ
ȻһЦŵ
ŵŹֵĿ㣬ȴûм˵ʲôֶȷʵֻС
ȡҩΪŵƽصĵҩŵⶾȻǴﵽ־㻹ƺʵҩΪġҩĵҲȱ٣֮أõ˲֪ٵϡб
ַ£ڷɣϵҩȴĵŵ˵ոǼ˵ĶԻ˵ŵڶԷ͵ȡһ֪ŵ͵ȡʲô
ŵһ۵С˵ʲôô˵͵ȡأǱ֮ֻȡѡ
ԣԣȡѣͷΪ˵
ƷȻֵҲ㲻̫ߡǣֻƾƷҵԣֻˡŵ˵
ŵбŵһģʵһֱŵأҲɻݡ
ĸǹһѪȫ̳ĸ׵ѪڵѪ٣ŵ˵
һ𺳵ͬʱҲһƬȻܽŵ档ѹҶŵѹŵʩչʱġԭǹѪ
嵱Թʿ֮󱻴½ΧɱѾ壬ȴû뵽һ嵱ͻ彻ҲǳҲܽΪʲôҶԴŵΪ似ŵ
Цһŵܶݣû뵽ŵȻһӡ
Źӣŵƺʮֲ˵Ҫٺ˵˵һӶҵҩʣ
仰۾͵һŵ˵ŵ֪ҩ
ŵһ˵Ȼ֪ҲԸ㡣
ý㣡𰡣Ͻģ´Ǹʱˡ
ʲôŵɴ۾㡣
ðɺðɣ㼱ˣվźòãҪҹţǣҹŵĻƲ̫㰡Ͼ֮仹вģĳЩ㻹ûġ
ŵ࣬޷ȥˣٱС˵ȥŵ˵ʲô뵽ں׳ǵʱԼΪСӵ͸оϹˡ
ˣҴȥŵסͣ˵ȥ˵ȥȻЩʪˣŵ߳ܡ
ȻһЦŬƵҩҩɵʱҲ׵£ֺЩ׵磬ĵҩݸŵŵʳ󣬷ԼɢĹĻָû˶м㣬ǺݺݵĵһۡȷţոҪֱ׾١

ŵҩʵټҲżȻһǰȥ͵Ʒʱʧܣӵ棬ֵصһѨ˽ȥⶴѨ֮УܳɳŲٵҩݡӵĵطܳҩȻ⡣
ʱҲû̫࣬ǣ׷ɱļ˾ͲⶴѨ棬Ҳûзʮֲˡ
Щߺһûʲô֡룬ȴопܾҩڵλá
ҩѾһױԼֶΡܸǿߵ֪̽ܲ֡
ŵһ·Ϻ˵Щ洦Ҳúпҩʡŵ㵽һ֮صʱǿĸ֪ŵ֪̽ȥȻ棬ĸ֪޵ֵ͸棬ƽĵطû𣬵ϸϸĲ̽ȴ֣ᷢһִ
Ҫŵѣ¾㵽طҪԻЩ˷ܣԻּ˵ҩʵĿܴﵽϡ
һӿ֮ϣȻ·ǱȥߵΪ·
УȻһ޴ĶѨѨ֮ŸָҩݡĿЩҩתЩҩҲĶȴûгֲժǿĸ֪ɨ
ȴûзʲô֮ȥа֮⣬û״
üѣѵҵĲ²Ǵġ
üʱĿȴһ͹ϣûʲô𡣶Ψһǣһûгҩݡ
ǰȥǾָҪʱһȴȻһ䣬һ˲ΰֲȻ֮˹ȥ
üһ㣡ϲû뵽ȻıʣӰٵҲӿ׷ȥ
ǰߣһΰֲ꣬ɫǺ첻ѡҩʹ治ǷƷȻܻͶѨ϶ΪһҪΪ⵽һ˿棬Ҫƭˡ
ҩʵٶʮ֮죬ڵ漤ͬ磬ҪǽңκӴͨѾѵ
ҩʼ䣬㶯һӡ᲻ϵĴǰ渲ǶȥǶԷȴܱܿ޷Ч
״ٴ趯׵磬ϵȥڿ񱩵׵磬ҩʵٶܵӰ죬ϵıܿ׵磬ٶ˶
һҩٶץסᣬ趯һֱֱĺ˳ȥ
ŵǬһһ磡
ҩ¶֮ɫӰ͵Ծϴأܿһ
״ЦһҪ˼ɼ֣ǳ˴أȴҲӲˡ
ҲŴʩչ磬ҩٴνӴصĻᡣЩ㿴ߵҩʣٶһᣬ֮ǰ


1173 
ҩͬһСһ㣬ȫ¶Ÿ룬͸ϢȻ˲뿪뷨ҪǼᶨ´˿Ļ뿪
ҩʸ£ʶȤǸű߰ɡ㿴ǰҩЦ
ҪߣסʣҩʺУ֮䣬ܵа֮Ȼһӿ֮䣬ɽӱڣ𺳡
аʵʣɾ޴Уתʹ㣬ƶСӣӰ趯ԾŵǬŤתռ䣬תа֮
СҩʵĿаֶ֮Σ趯֮䣬а֮ǵأʩչŵǬ޷ȫתơ
а֮سа֮Ϊءһ֮Ҳ򱾻ʵ⣿ҩЦϵĸת֮䣬طƱɫֲ¡
ŵһĻҲɫ˱䣬дżֺȻ֮ɫҡսȻԶҪҩĻ·ҩʵķϡ
ѾǷƷŵզ಻ѣһӡסҩʵа֮
䡭䡭
𶯣޴촫ȥطƱɫصа֮Ȼȫɾ޴ķ籩ŰܡҩʾȻŽصĿ֮
޴ĺܱа֮籩ɫҲ˱䡣˱Ȼܼˣǰ鿴ĻԼд鷳
㿴ԱĵŵΪ֮Ļ굴ľһֱֱĺ˳ȥסǾ޴а֮еĹ
Ӵ֮뿪
˵ȻԸɻȻŵ£סŵ
㣡Ҫҩˡھ뿪ŵļ
㿴ҩȻ趯ʽסҩ𵴶һɹа֮סҩ롣
ߣŵŵﲻʲôæʵ׸Ӵ뿪ڣ˾㷢ŵҪ׷ɱҲǲܵ顣
㣡ŵļԭΪҩ׵Ľ뵽Էôǿơ㻹ڵǿߺܸܿʱҪѡ
ߣû˵̫ĻӺ趯ӡףһ𵴶£ѹа֮ס
ӿɲŵ˵ߣȻûռ䣬ӰŹ֮⼤ߡ
ŵļȴûа취Ǻܿ죬ͱͷӵٶȸȣڿռ֮д磬·ռļһŵʧѡ
ŵҲҩʵϡ㾡֪Ѿ˹ڣҲ˲ôˡҩڱصãҲҪҩʸõ˵
ҪٶȽͷҩʣŵǬϵĴ˳һӡĽ
ŵǬϵı𵴶£һа֮ɢŶа֮ҩץ˹ȥ
ҩʵķӦҲ죬˲Ťа֮У㣬رɫﱻݻ١
κεģҶһΣߣҲߡҪȻһҶӲˡҩҲЩżˡȻ㣬ȴ¹ڵǿ߸ջҪǱԷѡ
ȴûĻһ˵Ӳӵ˲㵣ģǾӲ˵ġ
˵֮䣬趯ſֲŵǬɢаֲ֮ϵıƿԷа֮ŶԷץ˹ȥ
ҩʵĸ뱩ײһ㱻ĵ㾪ȲѡҩʵʵȻҲĻʾ
ѹָ޿ˡһĻʵ϶а֮Ŀƣʾκβ
ΣһôҩҲЩˣ𵴲ϢǹѾǲǿ߶
ֵ˲Ц־͹ãҡ
˵֮䣬һӡ᲻ϵ𵴶һӡ֮䣬ӡữɽӣɽۼתһŶɽӡ棬
ʱһѹصϢŶذСֱѹ¡
ҩʿһĻɫ䣬ȻӴܣҪܿѹͷӡ·˴ء
ñʶѹͨԸ㣬ҲмֱˡЦָһ㣬ŶתȻǶ¡
գĺ֮УŶѹ£ɽӱãҩʰСҩʱŶ˲䱻һ㣬ܵа֮Ҳ˶ɢ
ץסҩʣʩչֶΣ漴뵽ͼ֮СЩ֮趯Ӱ漤ȥ
㼤ʱ򣬹ڵҲǸܵһƬıԳǿ߲١
ҩʣǳҩʲǣа֮
˭ҵҩˣ˭һҪǿҩʰҪõ˵ٴͻơ

˾ǺܿǷܵа֮ȻֹͣЩɫ䡣
ãҩǱץסˣҪȻˡǰ߻˵ҪǺߣҪҵˡ

Ϊ֮ʱȴһ꼤İģЩɫ˱䣬˺סⲻ֮ˣ
һ仰һǿ㱩㿴űȺһһ֮ûУ뵲סʡ
˵֮䣬һƺ˳ȥ˲ѵǰߺѪɳȥıһ·ûͣ첽ߡ
㼸ʧУɫ˱䣬ǺܿͷӦȥ֪ͨСʵҩˡ
Ī̫ǻ׷ȥҪڣҹǿ߶Ȼᷢ׷ġ
һȺ˵ͷ趯ķ׷ȥ
ڹڼߣԷ˵ڱǿҪʵԶЩ˱ģͱסˡ
һ·ƿڵر¶ʵ˾𺳣ǵĻʾܴﵽʾĵزһ˾ԲĶ֡
ҩʾУǰ˲Ķ֣̫϶һƸˡ

𶯣һǿ߶ôֲǴ½Ĵм½Ҳûж١ȴˣҩʶߡ
ΪҩʻΪ˹ڵܷ뿪
ż֮УһӰӹʥؼ˴ϲȥ׷ˣڽӡ
ǰ䣬ǺܿͷǿϢ׷㼴ʹʩչңΣҲ޷Էľ롣ַ֣ɫ˱䣬Ӱٵҧǰ첽ļߡ
ǹ֮أɲͶԷ֣ҪǱԷסǹڵǿߣֻһ;ߡ


1174 ս׼
Է׷ᣬٶҲ͵һᣬ漤ߡǿҪס㣬ȴ䵽һ顣ǶԷ˾ԽԽ̡
ңʩչ£治һܣ˾͵˰֮⡣ֱӿ˹ڵĵ̡
˼Ҳû̫ʧǵѾ׷ȥˣԷѵ
һ·䣬˵ٶȶ磬ż˼ֻоͷһâΪԼĴһ׷һУ˺ܿ͵ǧ֮⡣
Ӳ˵ġŭ𶯶ȥ
Ҳû˵Ҫӣ㵹׷ԡЦٶٴһᡣ
ĵ󣺡һ֮ǿ߶ѣȻˣҲֻ˶ѡѵӵ˱۵׷ɱɣ
һ仰ȴһܴӶԷٶв²⵽ԷһǿߣǵԳƱʱĵ𶯡ֻǲ֪Է׼۾绹Ǵ۾
þöѲ˶ԷҲңԶҲӣ͵վ壬ֱԿ׷Ĺ
ͲҲʮ㣬൱ѣվǰͬһѳʵıֱֱĶ㣬еʮ㣬Ϊа֮Եʣвһ
˭㣬ܺٶ൱Բֻ֮Է̫ᣬüѡ
ҲûΣ֪ҲڸǲˣЦŹֵҸ˵ǰһӢۣһ鴫
㣿Ҽˣ۾һ뵽ңң֮ϵǸӰҲǺպʥӣһ޵СΨһѹǾҴ˴츳ֱӡΪ˺һ˼ÿһζܡ
սġֻ뿪ңȥϽ˳˼Ҳˣٴλصʱ־Ͱ˶Է־ûбֶãԶԶ֮ĶԷڻص֮һַǷٶ׷ٴαѹơ
Ҫ˵һ˭ηĻ㸸һû뵽ĶӶһԶԶĺ
ñ⣬ǻȮӣԷ˵ֻһѡ˵ط㸸һ˼ɼ֣ĻҵĶ֡
ЦЦ˵ǰα˵ôᶨʹˣĳңҶˡս¡
һ仰ùɫе𺳲
ս£֪֪仰ĺʲôʲôһĽܳΪ˵ˣ˭һÿһǺպǿߣ󣬴Ź塣ǣ˵սµĺԴʵ
ôĿһ˵Ȼˣձ۾ͺúý̽㣬ǰǱġ
Է˵꣬ӿһ𵴣֮䣬ӿض۳ķӿ֮ǰѹȥ
ı䶯˲侪ߵǿߣĪѹһߣԶԶĿߣдżֺȻ֮ɫ찡ǲǹ˭Ȼˣ
ǹﵽ׼۾һֱѰͻƵ۾˭
ǱǿԶԶĸ̲סѣһߵǿߣ½պĴУִȻһڡ½ܳԽˣĳ
ǣһȻơ
رǿʱùŹֲѣǲ̫Сˣһ꣬õС
ǺܿǾͷǴˣȵ¾Ȼ˿ɫ䣬ѹѹ£Ȼûɫ䣬˿üѣоȡ
ѵöԷ˵ʵ
˵ɻ֮УһֱԷȭͷ֮䣬ſֲĻ֮һȭû˿֣֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ飬һȭͬһ㣬أضķ顣
һȭƾˣƿԷķѹɫһ䣬б¶ƣ鼤һȻĶ㣬˭Ҳ޷뵽Ȼʵ
˭˵ıĻʾʾʵˡ
ǿֲ½ĶǿҶϤһȴδѵ
ҲܰҪһͼ󡣿ģЧ
û˵ҳһʥߣڶκβˡ
ôһϢǼٵİɡǿǶ޷˼ɣôߣ
ǵδأϢģпģҪǶԷȫҲп롣
˵еҪǶԷп׼۵ʵҲһ߿ܱ֮ѵ˵㣿
˶ֱֱĿ㣬¶֮ɫҪ˵Ļδֲ̫ˡһٲſûһﵽֵزɡ
һȭȥùҲɫ䡣֪㲻򵥣ԵһȭΪ֮𾪡趯򣬷ȫԲķȥֱײһ𡣶ʱ𶯵رѣľһƬķ飬ǿգֱӱ鲻ǹĵǱܣ˾ѡ
ԶԶˣһӰϵĺ˳ȥԲ۾ųСͶԷͬʱӰ˳ȥ̤֮һ˶ɴ۾
ʾʾʵһ˿һĻ̲ס𺳵
ҲĿ㣬趯ֱۣžȻȲҲſʾʵʾʲôֻ׼֮ˣÿһɾޣǵһʥУû˴ﵽֵزǣû뵽Ȼһ׷ҳԽˡ
ҵǳһţҪز㣬Ҳޱͬʱ趯Բķ򣬶ʱһƬػ磬㣬ѹȥ
ձ۾ʶ۵Է㣬˵Ʋ趯
һ׼۶ѣΪ𣿵ΪĴ˵ɡ
׼ۣҲһ̤˴֮Сʰ㹻ˣŭ𣬷֮·ҪһƵģֱֱѹȥ
㿴ŶԷѹµӿķ𵴶ˣ⻹δԲķ˼ɵĲǶԷǿ
춼Ҫֱһֱ趯Ǿ𶯶


1175 ׼
һֱӺ㽻һ趯ıǾҲп֮ͶԷŽԲһʯ쾪ľ𵴵Ƭضݣɹââҫۣͬһա
޴𶯣ٴξ˲ˣЩʵǿߣ߼Ⱪƣһ麧Ȼ
۽棿˵Բ۾һĻǺȻ֮ɫһ͵Ŀ㣬鼤Բ۾ųС
ۼｻ֣ƽѵһﵽֲεǴ½һÿһǺպƽԳ֡
ǵǿһʱ̲סĿеꡣ
˵ɴ۾Ŀ㣬ɻ֮ɫɻ֮ɫ
ʱ㣬ĵ֮ңɫ֮ɫԷԤϡʹԼʩչǾҲ޷סʵĸ߳ԼֹһԼһ֮£Ѫ
ĽҲûж⡣ϾԷһ׼ۣһֻŲ˴۵ĲΡҪԼ⣬ƽʾ׼ۣǼֲ˶á
ҺͶԷ֣Ϊ޾ԷԲķҪȻ׼жԶ߶ԶϾһεĴڡ
Լһûκε㣬ҲƽԷȻķѹƿһǲ˼ģһʾôƿ׼۵ķ
ʲô磿㣬ðź⣬Ҫȷʵͣʾĵز׼ۡ
ʾ㵭˵
ⲻܣ仰ֻǹһȺҲȻԲ۾Ŀ㡣һʾôܺ׼۽֣׼ҪԸһʾһƾı
㲻ʾԿʾʥӣԲʾġԲ۾㣬űӡ
㵭˵ҪҸʾأ
һ仰𶯣һѾȷݡΪȳޣܱʵΨˡֻӣ˾Ȱ
ʾӣ鲢̫Ҳ֪༸λӡ˿˵ԼӣЩ׶ԷΪʲôܱˡ
ֻ޷ԷΪʲôƿԲķ׼֮Ͼǻܱ֮ġ
뵽⣬Էӿ۳ֲɷ۳ʥ趯֮֮չ֣ɾ֮һжݻ٣ֱֱĲȥ
ӣܱʾʵעҪ㣬ҪǰҩʽһŹ㡣
ЦӰܿԷһʥǾ͵ÿıˡ
ŭ䣬һԲķշѹȥض𶯣һҲֳƵġ
˿һĻ̲סզ࣬м˸Ǿѡ
׼Ȼ֣޵ˡѹֻ֮˲Ķ֡
ӣܱʾʵսʾ⡣׼ۣǲǶְ
ǰ׼ϲսҪܿ׼ۣǾˡ
׼һûô̤ġҪܲ׼ۣ½ֲΡ
׼ϲսսġ

۷׷ףĿⶼ㣬Ҫֶܼá
һЦѣ趯ŵǬ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ飬ԵޱȣֱԷľȥռ֮ķ򣬾ȻİѶԷľݻ١
ͨԷһٴ趯𵴶ǣȴС㣬趯ķ֮ȻֲǻǱһиˡ
ͨԿԷĴУȻв࣬ͨǰֲˡ
֮𵴳޵̲֮סզࣺˣԷӣӵͨҲǺ顣
ֵͨУܳƽֻԷ򾳽ΪҲֵܵ
ǰ˾֣ΪʲôأȻƿԲķ򣡡
ˡﵽ׼۲㲢ûдﵽ־簡
զ಻ѣһ͵ĿһĻ鼤˭һ׼۱һʾ˵ס¶ܳܡ
ֻӵͨ𣿡ڶԷ֮䣬趯֮䣬ĶĶһͷ޴ޣצа֮ϵıĶ֮ǰа֮֮䣬ǵأޱȣ˶Ϊ֮𺳡
ͨҲУΪͨܵס𣿡Էŭޱȥ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ顣
ͨбͨ𣿡˵֮䣬趯ִɵĵһ𣬻޴ƣһӭԷӿͨ
䡭䡭һ𵴣һж˺ѵķ飬ƺͶԷͨײһ𣬾Ȼ˿·硣
Ĺһۿ㣬Ϊ֮𺳣ʧǣǺȻͲ֮ɫôܣһʾôܱҪ˲ɣ
Ǳͨ찡ȻԴͨ
ǳһĴôҷų±Ĩɱ𣿡
˵ҪĨɱ㿴ԷûУԷҪĨɱѡ
ģҪˡ

Ϊ֮𶯣͹Ͻ档ûжԷǿֻܽͨͱͨ֡Ҳ𺳣趯־Ĺ㵲ס
һսսѣһƬγɵѣϵı֮䣬ǧ趯ն顣
ͳǵ֪𺳵ĲǺ׼ս൱㡣
Ժ֮Ȼսһ׼ۣǶô˵츳
׼ʲôÿһǸȻľͷ̫֮Ȼһ֮׷ˡ
Ǿ޴ģ˶ֲΡҪǿɵĻ˲ֱڶ壬ΪȻҪǣԷһӣһ׼۵ӴʲôǶҪǵǸһĻǿ߶㡣
˸оԼĺۿ㣬֤һ漣
˴ذѣȴѷʤԸֶΣס˹ĸɱķڣ˵Ĺ̫ʵˣֱġ
½ֽһǿˣһսֽ֮Ҫϯ½ȼŵ


1176 ൱
趯춯أ˶ʧĿųСͨԿ˿·磬ͨʩչ·޾Ƶģ֮䣬֮Ϲ
ԭΪʩչֲͨ˶ãϾͨĵֲ̫ˡǽȴܽܡ㾡ͨϣ趯ȴɻޱȣԤϡ
ȻΪ׼ۣǽԲķѹƲ㣬ҲѹƲ˶Էֻ趯Уϳȥ
ͨ趯𵴵أƿԲķ趯֮Ʊãֵ顣͹ս൱
Խս棬˾ԽңֶΡ
ηֱۻ֮䣬ز񷶼ķ顣͹жײ֮䣬ɫ԰ףѪ
дֶΣǹҲ͹ңɫ԰ףѪҺ
趯Ÿֿ񱩵һƬ޴棬۵ľ֮һ֮ͬƵģϼ񱩵ͬ鲼죬˿ͷƤ顣
䡭
͹ٴνһһһƿԷľƣ˶˺һɫ԰ףѪҺ̤֮䣬ʮⶼŤ
˵κβҡĨһǵѪҺŹ˵
Ķ㣬еɱȻȴͬƽ˵Ҫս¡˿̿ӵʵʾʵȻΪ׼۵൱뵽бߵ
֮ʱƿԲķˣԲķӦþѹƻ֮
Уû˶ɾ裬ֲķֱ֮ϣֱۻ֮䣬һ취۶ɵľа֮ͬԾĹƵģüʹԶԶ˶̲סһ
˾֮䣬β˷ȥ
±ʴԣУǧͬӿĹӿ㡣
㿴һĻɫҲǧľȻ۳һ󣬴ϽԲķ֣֮䣬ɱ
ʴȥ
ڹĺ£ʴӿһֱҪȥ
࣡
֮䣬Ⱪǣӿľ⣬׵ںһɫƣƳͬȵĽһҫأһƺ£ͶԷʴǽһ
һһ㣬߽ɣ˵УֻŤĲ;춯صĹâӿƴΪԲģԶӶȥʹǧ֮⣬ܸо
ͨ棬ɫҰףѪѪҺɳȥ㱻ԷʴǵನȾһ֮ɫԷҲùУݻ
ֶΣ԰ѶԷȥǹѪҺŶԷĹ˼ɡ
ҪҪ㶢ŹϢڵϢŶԷȵ
մմǵѪҺָϵѪҺɫ¡֮󣬴ûбѪԣȴһ󱲴ˡ
ԷȻûʤͬ޹⡣ǹҲĳҪ¶ԷǲˡʵԷҶԷָΪֲҪԼѹһͨͱ֣ͨԼֲúá
һЩƣʥѪ֮ûжáֵ˺ôûжѵûرԷӣ˵ԿԼ
뵽Щû˵ֻվɫ۶㡣

һĻȴԶԶզ಻ѣոյļǶˡ˿ս൱ޱȡ㿰һ׼ۡңֻʾʵ
Ϊ֮񣬶ĿȾηĶ㣬½½Ķǻᾪƴ½۰ɡ
ԷˣһҲͣӰ˺ѿռ䣬ûռʧ
뿪ûȥ֪ԼȥҲãԷȻͬһȼҪߵĻס
˶Ŀ뿪Ŀ⿴ɫѿ㣬ЩָϽƿĿ⡣
뿪һ䣬Ҳ˺ѿռ䣬ûռʧ
Ĵж뿪˲Ϊ֮һ۲ѡ
ٳһ׼ҪһΡ
ǼҲˣѵҪػϹŷ緶𣿡
˲ŰȻս׼ֻۣʾ
ԷӣǱκһжǿѹƺܶƵľǿ߰ɡ

Ϊ𾪣ͬ籩һϯءһǿ֣߳ÿζ𶯴½ܱ½¼ڰ

㲢֪ķ粨ͣ͹֣ҲǿԼжǿڿԼ׼൱ʤ׼۲̫ܣ׼Ҫκͬܡ
ս֮Ľ˴½ĶΡΪһ֮۵Ŀ
ƾŶѪĸ֪һļȥһ·ҲϢѪĵϢ£Ѫָܿȥ
һɽʱ㿴漱תŵŵһΪĽȹ͹Ķż¶һذ𪼡ʮעĿ
ظȹĽģԵøޱȣ֫յĺϸ̵ͦę˾̾ջ
Ӹ֪㣬ӿɽֱĻУ뵽ѪҺУѪһƵģҲͬʱ
ŵ״תͷȥÿ㺬Цɫһϲӳˣû˵ɣ
ŵǰѰû˿ڣϸ׻ָϻģ̲ססŵ֫
ŵסɫЩ糺죬һѣҪƿſң
ȻӦĻŵǺ˵ĺ촽̲סס
ţŵȴıסĴ˼޹֮ҲЩֽķ㣬ЩҵĻӦ㡣
ֳ鿪ŵһãȹӶȥӵĲ޳ȳУͬʱǱɽҲУںһ⿪һְŸֶһȴӣ档
ŵ٣ץ㣬
ŵˣϵĲƿæҵŵԼȥЩԺͲļѹ˽ȥ


1177 ķչ
ŵ˳ԣĵ鲻ԽҪҲ̰ŵ޵ֱҧƫƫûа취Ϊ֣ԼȫܾСӡ
ûٻңǵ򡣶˿̣½нΪ֮ʾս׼۵ϢͬХϯ½˻ɣ𺳡ܽӴ˭һ顣
׼ӵڴ½ԺաŶ¼ڰֹϢȵȶھ
£ص˰Ǹһǿ߼롣ͬʱȵõĸֱﶼȡ
һ˿Ŷѻɽĸֱʱ㶵ĿһĻ˿̽ŰִƵ̻Ѿ򡣶Щ̻ὫɳȻ
Щ㶵Ŀ˵㲻ȥһɣ
㷭˷ۣȻ˵һص洦ɼĶЩȥ֮ôȥˡ
ЩȳԴʱǿ߶ÿҪӴǿߣ󰵸粻òҪ
һҲǧˡл֮ˣǿһʾ
Ľզ಻ѣ֮ǺƽǶԼǿ߶ģһΪ֮𺳡ȴû뵽ƾԴȻ߸֮ࡣ
Ҳó½ȱǿߣܶǿƽܾǵģһȺȺӿÿһ˵۾֮Ŵʵǿ߲١
ȴ֮Ļ֮ﵽʮһ֮࣬㡣
ŵ״Ҳ˳Ƽ˰ôһ˴ϲǴе֪ŵǹһ֧ѪԴҲȫŵŵͬǻ֮룬ҪһΡ
Ӫ㿰׼۵ʵѾгڵĳˡǺͳڲҲֻǵ̣ǿѾǲˡ
ڰ£øֶνŰ󷨲˽⣬Ǵȴв٣ÿһ󷨶ɱȻ
һȣòˣǸȴ˲ѣµʱֳҲ˷ܲѡ
һֳ֮󷨣ȫ֮Ҳһƴ֮Ҳ˽볬С
һ֮һվߵɳŵĲͬ˵Ǹ߹ס·ҲҪһ˲֮ġ
ְŮŮڻУһ£žİ󣬶Цˣ
ҡҡͷͷļϣϣûʲôģǴǲ͡
ǰӵȻŮӣҲ顣ͱŮ˲һǵڶй޵ŮӡһҶ˼ֻѾǵԼˡ
ӵ㵹ûʲôѵõƽɽͷƾ棬ȻоԼľż
ʧЦһ·ͣߣȴѵõķɡ
۾ϣϴܰ㣬˾ȻĻ˯˹ȥ
ò˵ɻתͷ˿㣬ȴµ˯ˡȻһЦһЦǣķ羰ʱʧɫ徣ŮΪ
Сĵ㿿˯ϲָоһֱ￴Ϧ¡

ڶķŵһĻЦЦĿ㣺û뵽㻹ݲؽһطһŮ
ŵЦݣʼŵҪԸ⣬ҲԽݲؽ
ȥҿɲƭˣ
ûнŵĻŵĲֻǾ˳Ե壬顣ΪһҪһŮˣҲԼλŮϡɫСߵŮ˲١
ŵűûеĳ̬ҪȻ˴ˡŮˣ£зġ
СһˣŵЦĿ㣬һķ䣬ûƹ衣
һΣ˵Ҫ˵ûԷҲŰһ˲ʲôⲻķ
㣡ŵһۣҪ̵סֻһξ͹ˡԼһβԼȥ
ǸŮ˿̲ס׽⻵Сӻܵס
첻̸ŵ⡣һԼйϵŮǰۺһŮ˼Σ㻹ǾҪСΪãȻŵģ˭֪ô룿

һжϣŴ˵ΰأ
ΰȥ壬þûгˡ˵Ҫչؼ꣬Ҵ磬˿ҲڴڵĴ֮ء
仰˵ͷ˴ʱ򣬾ʵ֮ʱɡǰǱģʱգȻܳΪ
ֻʱˣЩԴѵҶ̻֧֣ŰЩԴṩ̻ᡣΪָտɴ
ﵽ۾ΰʹ춼ѴȫĽܣԼŵ׵ĽԼĵͳǰжٹܱģǰ˿̱ĳ廹вģǱȴܱġ
򰵸Ҳġͬʱʱ밵ȻЩ飬һֶȷʵһ˲ţһжľ
£ȻȻһŶеİߣ˼Ҳ΢Ȼٴͻƻвϵľ롣ǣ˲ѣ̬
ҲûðҲעһºϵȥ򣬿ɺϵϢһǰûСֻܷȴϣ׼ٴǰ塣
׼ǰʱ򣬵ǰȴ˼ˣҪ
⣬˴ǽˣǼòŮӣһѣһͬεͷһ뵽һֿܡ
ȻŮ˿͹ǰ˵㹫ӣǹ룡
㾡ܲ²⵽˭ɻǶһ䣺ǹ˭
Ҵһʸӡ£
ŮӵĻ˲ȷԼĲ²⡣Сʱ򣬶Էǵ£Լȥȵң£ҲһЩ컵飬˶֪Ƿʲô˵⣬ˡ
ҪѯԷ룬ҲͣǴ·ɣ
򵥵İѰ齻֮ŵԼһкͺ⼸Ůһ뿪˰


1178 
񹬣
ڲ֪֮أʡʱŮʹ÷׭ģʹʵ޷׼ȷĶλط
񹬲ûкܴһɫĳǳƶ֮ϣۼʯŵ»Ϣǳأ˸о
ȻһְľĸоȴоȻǺǿңȴܸоҪ񹬳ֵĻȻʬ޴档
㲻뵽˵һ仰ɵоһϹʱڶǴ½ΪĴڡ껪屻ΧΨһһûгֵֻû뵽Ҳˡͳٻϡ
ŮӽУʱо¹»͸ϣϴȫоȫһֱʡ
ѹָոսҵŮӶд߽׵ʵһʥأﵽʲôֻǲ֪񹬱ۼΣ
ԵȣǹܿŮ˵꣬˳˷䣬˳ְŴϡ
ͷĿ뿪֮Ŀһܶ»۶ɵģ̺ŸֵϢ
㰵ԳʱȴһϤ⹬һͨ»֮ɣֻҪų»°빦
תͷȥǰվһŮӡŮӱǰɬ˼ֳ죬ֻϵûб䡣
;վ·ܺ϶ΪһƵģ浾Ȼ񣬲ʲô˿̶ƽ
浾Ůӣ߹ȥҲܵȻЦû뵽ΪһҪ֪ĻҪˡ
ٻ㲢ûΪ仰ͬȻΪĵͬϤѿ˵ҾͲɵ㱧ģ
仰Цû뵽ٻ˵һ仰ٻ㣬漴ȻһЦҲ˵㣡׹µʱұ˻Ǳˡ
Ļٻ㾡浾Ǵ˿̲סĨһ糺죬Ťͷ򶨵Ҳ֪˵ʲô
ʼ磬Ҳ˵ȥĿֱֱĿٻ㣬ΪõͳԵʡٻ浾ŨͬɢվǰҪͬƵģ˶ġ
Щ޼ɵĶٻ㣬ٻĽëģͬһ峺촽ˣٻżֱľ
ٻ㱻һֱעӣҲŻȻӱƵԱߣŤͷĵ˵ҵ֪Ϣս׼ˡǲģ
ʼЦǿһս㲻׼ۡ
ٻô˵ͷȻ㲽˴½ΣҾ͸֪һ飬׼
ţɻĿٻ㣬֪ʲôҪ˵ġ
Ϲʱڣ˶ǿĪʧ֪Ϊ𣿡ٻ˵ĿƿתϣرزλãΣֲܱ¶˽⣬Ҫ˵ʲô㶨Ȼ˵Լôô޹ȻҧһڡǰĿȻصޣֻһε޵ֱҧ
ٻ˵Ϲʱڻ˶ǿʧջһЩĿ⡣ٻ㾪ȵʵ֪
ٻû˵;Ŀ㣬жʾԼĲ
Ի嶥ǿʧҲȤվһԼĿ⣬ʼֲһ⣬Ϣв𣿡
ٻ㵱ûĻ˵껪弸۷壬ͻƣرǴﵽʥǸεڴ½޵СΪǿվ۷塣û嶥һȺ飬βܼͻƣﵽߵĲΡ
˵⣬ٻ˶٣漴촽֪˵ʥ֮ûУ
ʥ֮۾͵һԲ۾ٻ㣬嶥ǿʧʥ֮ʲôϵ
ٻش嵱궥ǿʧһʥ֮ⶫΪһЩԭѣڵʱĸǿУдǴ˿ȻĹšǺһݣŷһݣҲһݣȵȻкܶӵСûУҲûСҵǺ棬Ǵⶫ
㲻뵽ڹʿĹѨͻĿռõʥ֮뵹û뵽
껪Ķǿ׷߾磬֮ȫʧµʥ֮׷𣬴ԵõⶫͿͻƵ껪ڵľ磬뵽ߵĲΡȻϢûбȷţǺܶΪ档Զʥ֮ܶ˶˱صĶλݸ֮ϡ
ЦҪв߾ֶΣΪʲô껪ûһ˴ﵽ
ЦٻҡҡͷδأҴĴ֮еõϢǣ껪ͣпҵͻƵİ취ֻ˳ɹԶ
仰дż֮ɫ˻ӣãкܴĿˡ
ʥ֮ñ֪𣿡ٻ㡣
ٻҡͷ֪Һ˵ЩǸ㡣˿̵㣬Ҳʸʥ֮ˡҪлܵõĻȻҪһݣп֪ܵ껪屣ľܡϣҲڱˡ
˵⣬ٻ˵껪Ŀռ俪ʱҿһξѪ䵽ʯϣʯڲŴ򿪣ʱֻǾ⡣ȴףʲô
˵꣬ٻܸӵĿ㣬ǻµĶӦģҪõңݴȥ²ƽ˶ɱ졣Ψվ˵Ķ壬ӹһ١ʥǵﶼ䣬ҪǲͻǸ磬Ǵδ˴ﵽĲΣҲӡ
ٻĻ֪ٻѾԼѪҲΪʲôٻ˵Щ
һʥ֮ѴﵽֻҺʥľ綼ʮǧ͸˵Խʥˣ
ٻ˵ֻǸ֪Щ¶ѣʱȲϣվл׷ϵġǰ˭Ҳ벻Լľ
ͻȻЦˣǵҲǣʱô֪׹·ƵŮˣһŮ񡣡Ц
ٻҧź촽ѹһۼɫЩ糺죬ģĻ𵴣Ů䷲治ֵܵġ
Ǹٻ̲ͣס˵
ٻһһۣż˵ҵʥ֮Ҳ޷ϾҪǣˡϢΪһ壬ҪҲ
仰㵹Цǵǲãʥ֮ұǶࡣ
һ仰ٻתͷ׵Ŀ㡣


1179 ʥ֮
ôŪֵģٻ翴ȡɫʥ֮ӡȵ㡣ҿŵʥ֮ȫǺģݣٻò˼顣ֶǸǵǴģõⶫͱϴˡԣŪݶܾȡ
ЦڻĿռ͵õһݣڹһʿĹѨõһݡ
ٻǻȻ˵ͷȻУҾͲˡ룬㲻ˡѪԵʣҲơ
ҡҡͷҲδأʥ֮û֪ôðɡ
Ҳǣʥ̸ֻʥ֮󣬾ϢˡҪĶʥ϶ԸֶġʥԤԣĿռƺ󣬽ħ֮ʱڿԤȫʵˡһҲʶˣֵͳж˳һͳԾ̬䡣УͨĴС
ҪǣȴˡħĸڡЩǿߣҲһȻЩĵͳߣҲͬˡ
ȣֺʲôϵɻʵ
ٻ˵һΪصĵطܽȥֻʥӼʥӴȥҲֻǻ֮֮µߡˣʹǿۣͨˡĹ֮һλͨ̽ܣȴеĹ飬һͨȻʬǶûд¡ȵ֮Ҳ˾۽ȡȵǻ崴ģԸ֮ɫΪʥ֮Ҫȶá
ԣΪȵĿȸϹȥ̽ȵܡʵҲˣͲ²⣬ʥ֮ܣͺпȡ
仰㲻뵽Լȼһ֮ءϽ鹹Ĵţ²пġŴܣҪǺʥ֮йϵǴҲ֡
ʲôٻ㡣
ЦһȾҿģһݣݣݾͻݣ˶ȴš֮УҲһ֮أﱦأԴǣչΣܳһ塣
ٻô˵۾Ҳ¶˻֮̿ɫҪ˵ĻпһξǺʥ֮ӡй֮ءҪȻ˭ôñرﰡ
ҪԴʱǿߣǹ˶ãǸطͻᱻҵʱǲǺʥ֮йأһĿȻˡٻ˵˵ʲô¡
ҡҡͷһҲô࣡ˣ˴ǰҪæһ
ţٻɻ㡣
ٻѪǣӦòİʱҵ˿ܽİ취ȴҪһ˵⣬˶ټ˵Ī񾵣֪û䣿
Ҫ񾵣ٻŹֵĿ㡣
ͷҪæ֪Ϣ𣿡
ٻͷУ
ʲôУϲɴ۾Ŀٻ㣬оϲ֣˷֮ɫ
ٻͷҲҵı֮ⶫܽ㣬ҪҪҰæĻʱһϢҿǰ
ȻԣϲٻֱöˣϾŶ˽ֻ࣬⹬棬ҸҲλҪ㣬Ҳס
ٻ룬˺ܾãŴӽָȡһз׭ʯݸ˵񹬵Ľģʹ֮ʱԪԴԴоͿˡҪû£ͲҪˡ
ôûأϽӹҪ㣬飬ȻҪˡԺҪǶҲҪҶ԰Ҳ
ٻĻЦã֪ⶫһ
޺޵˵ҪǸҾ͸ҵ档ҵǿûбܴ񹬡
ôݰɣ㶢ٻ㣬ٻ˵ʲô飬޵ͬɣǧϣܹˡĽ飬˵ŭԹ
ŭԹٻһУźǧꡣ
ʲôЦǺֹǧ꣬ͳǻǰҺͬѪֻǧꣿ㣬ǺӶҪܶԵǵĽ顣ſں
ٻȥˣࣺҪûʲô飬뿪Уǣǵø֪ҵϢ
㲻һϽɻٻ˵
Ҫȵȣ˿Ҳʺ뿪񹬣ٹһʱ䣬ͻϽһˡٻشͳһЩûȫõʱ䣬Ҿ뿪ˡ
ٻô˵ҲΪʲôôöûٻϢˣԭ˵ǲ뿪أ˿ܼҲΪõͳ˰ɡ
㲻ǵһҰɣŹֵĿٻ㡣
죡ٻôʣһ浾ҲЩ߳ŭˣȳŵһ㣬ֻϢõõѡߣɲҪ룡
ףףȻЦôܲˣٺ٣ҲҶô˧һҴҲѵ㻹Ǹªļһ
ٻ㼫ΪĵĿһ۵ҪĻҲֻ˵ĳҪվ⣬֪㻹û˵
ʼ磬ֱٻĻҲٻ㣬񹬵͹
ٻˣҲĸ񹬵ߡٴλֳָ浾ֳ浾
񹬶һӣĹ˶Դʱ񹬵˶ŹֵĿ㣬˵׺͹ʲôϵˣһǰ˿̣˳⣬¹
¹ЩҪ뵽˿ٻǹĻ
ֻһȴסˡĵײ²ܺٻĹϵ

񹬴һܣһܺٻһµϷһǸ浾ңſСٻ̲ס㲻ˡ
ٻͬһ㣬Ķ֣˵ĳ׵ĳŮصŮ֮֮
񹬴һʱ䣬ٻٴβͳдչء
ټٻ㣬Ҳ뿪񹬡ȴٻ˵Ļϣʥ֮ҲСĵ֪ⶫ壬ȻǰԴ
뿪񹬣ص뵽ʱҩʺ񾵶ҵΨֻʣ¾ڤˮ˼Ҳڷŵ˾ϡ
ȥˡõڤˮСҲս鷳뵽⣬̤ϽķȥôڤҺһҪõ


1180 
Ͻڤ壡
ǾĻ壬ž壬嶼ڤֳȥģ嶼ڤĶѡӵֻڤ塣
ڤҲϹһ壬ֻʥŮԵʣõ껪һλͨɱ˲ǿߡǵĵ̻ڡǴ½Ȼ
˿̵㣬ǱһСطҲ̫⡣
ڤУıòڤһ²ˣ켣ڤУдŸϢ
ǽȴΣڤˮϢһ֪Ĩڤ˴Ǵ˶֪ʲôоԴʹ뵽ʲôֶβҵⶫ
Щ޷ӴֻܲϵĽӽڤĸ߲㣬üζЩԷࡣҪʵǿڵԼϢڤһɻأ´ʱܵڤΧ
ǾڤˮȷʵأʹڤЩ߽׵ǿ߶δ˵
㿴ǰǰһžŰʮһ۵һɽɽŸ־ڤΪ˶ȾһɫԶԶĿţͬɽƵģצ֮ɫͬһͷݷޡ
Ǿʥɽǿ߶СĵطʱʵҲ̤㡣
һգվϢ֮Уһʥɽ̤ȥ
ʥɽͲʥɽһ΢ķ򲨶ΧͣûͻĴСһнһӡᣬӡ£ϵϢĸɸɾЩ֮ɫҲżֲ԰ס
˷·ʧؼƵģ̤ʥɽӹ֮͸ȥͬһ㣬û˿Ĳ
֮͵Ĵִ˼ո״̬ʧһɶܵļҲԵϢ
֮Ǻǿʵȫ˺ȴףҪԼôǾܿͻ֪˴Уһ˲ͻᱻΧ
˼ҵʥأ˵ֻʾﵽ۶׶༪١Ȼɵ¡
ҪǱ֮ûа취㲻ͬʱİȻȻЩ֮ҲͬһĴ͸
֮㣬СĴܣھʥɽż˹Ҳδֵܷ㡣
ʥӱնɱһоԵѷɫ˲١㿴мһߣȻ˵һҲﵽʥӼǱʥȴ̫ˣļ͸ǲԶˡ
ھʥأ߼ΪС²СĴʥصĴ󾪶Էʥ죬ȴûһڤˮӰӣ·ⶫƵġ
ӵĻӵ˵ڤˮȻԾ壬ǴʱҲѾûˡ
ҪûоڤˮǾ鷳ˡ̾һȴò̽Ѱ
ھʥǱˣûһ˿Ϣ£Ҳ˲ôݾˣĿ˾ʥϣʩչ򣬰ù
˭õľţɫ䣬ǰͻҪСİޱȵˣоѣνǾʥصġ
ţǺȻ֮ɫ𺳲Ȼİ˻˵֪ʥزµĹڲµģǴǰҲ޿ܲʥء
ǣǰȻеģνģݣ뵽һˡҲΪ˵ԭлϾʥӵλá
㣿նɱ̫ӵ㣿ţԲ۾ɫһƬҰףŬȴԼȫѹƣ˿̵ͬһһ㣬ȫԷơ
ʶң㵹Ǿȣ벻ԷȻϳԼ
ţȻʶ㣬ֻ˵㣬رǱòʱͼˣ˿̿ͱģͬܿͲ²⵽þţϺһ˿Ѫɫ
ĵͿֲȻ֪̫ӶɱԼʲôдԣ׼۽ֲܡһôá
뵽⣬ţҲȶ˵ҾʥأҪǴʱӻüҪȻʱں峤ڽӡ
㲻㵣ģ㻹ǵԼɡŶԷ˵ѾܾûпɱˡҪǲĻԼвҡ
㡭ţҪ˵ʲôǿɭĿ⣬վǰ˵Ļ̽ȥ
ԷˣЦŵͷŹڣмҪ㣬ϣʵĻش𱾻ʡ
ţͷҲӦҲ˵ӦľٶҲΪ⣬ڶʵ廹ûоڤˮ
ڤˮţתͷɻĿ˵ʲôʥӴû
ûͣɫ˲ͱˣһǲһЩͷ֪ʵ
㻰˵ָ꣬㶯׵ϣŹʿĹ飬һӿ뵽С˫ݲУþţϲҽУޱȣ۾Ѫ
˵ǲ˵˵
ţҽвѣĵĺ治֪ڤˮʲôⶫҴûҲΪʥûжãܶһδӴ
㿴ڴľţģ˵ѣָһ㣬ջع飬Żڶµľţ㿪˵㲻Ҫƭңеֶãܡ
ţһڣɫѪҺѪҺ͸
Ȼû˵ڤˮңʲôطܲġǸطΪܣ˶ܽӽžţ
ţϽӵʥɽźܶҲ̤ĵطЩطֻ̫ϲܽ롣Ĺȣڤأ̳ڤͼڣԼʥ֮ЩطŸֱҲǲܽӴġ
ĻܿͲ׽ڤϣžţڤʲôط
ڤͨģܲʥˮʥˮӱʹԻ֮߶ãҲһ֮һǣȴ˵ľڤˮ
ʥˮڤػܲ٣ʵ
һŰٵңÿ궼СţشϢΪ˶
仰ĬˣȻʥˮǾڤˮȻⶫھţ󣬿һٵεĲε˿ͲˡοҪⶫǾڤˮĻҲ˵ⶫûеĻ
뵽⣬ѯ߾ţϢӾţ˵ĻУǵò
⼸طûоڤˮϢΩڤغ;ڤˮеڤ֣ҲǲʥҺĵط˵ܴҵһЩۼ
뵽⣬㿴žţ˵ȥڤأ
ţվܾеĹͼʼĥ


1181 
ţվûгܵסĥŶ޿־壬վĻǰڤء
ڤǾĽأţʥӶڣζԷͼ֮СܿڤܵǿߣĿtǰڤء
ڤһأŹľ֮ڶŸֵ۽֯СԶԶĿһۣ֪ҪнһΣܶԾĪĺô
һʥأѹ־ܵش֮󣬺ܿ͸ڻһȻҶ˶١
Сڿռ֮дУҲڤԱŻ̫֮ػС£ӰǱڤ֮СУʱŹɹɾ֮ϴˢ壬ҪǱߣϴˢǺܿͻѹͷϴˢķ顣˵ȴʣ˶΢
Խ£ڤصþԽԣֵҲϵĴ͸УҲܣԼд塣
ڤز֪жǱǧףûзһ˿ߡҧǱȥ
Ǿ׼ٴǱʱ䡣֪ʱڤǧµĵطȻâǣԭƽڤȻķͬס
㿴һĻɫ䣬̲סƿڴģȻҲ󷨡
֮Ͼͷ֡󷨵Ǻǿ˵Щ򵥡ȴ޽⣬˭ֻҪһᴥ󷨡ȻΪ˷ֹǱõġ
ھ֮ҲǱˡӰ͵ڤؼٶȼ죬˲͵ڤ֮⡣
㼤˲ϰٵͬʱȻֱۣ˹ȥס
֪ǱڤѾ֪ˣܿǿ߸
ҲͣӰԶߡ
סһλ̫ŭŭ£ɫû뵽Ȼ˸ƤǱڤءⲻ˭еʥӣһ
һԷķԸʱֱ֣ȥ
һҲںЩ˵ĹЩϣȻͬڸְƵģȫסδܸһ˺
Щ˵ľ֮ɫǴżֲмʱǿȣ֮ߣѶ˺Щ˼ʹ񱩣ҲƲ
̫ϿһĻҲ䣬дż֮ɫ˿̲ſòԭΪǼȴû뵽һİˡ
ģôʥصģ̫ϴһҲɻڲµĹ֮˭ܲǿ߶
ɻ󣬿ϵĶȴСԲֱ֮ȥҴҾʥأɡ
ЦҲ˵һȭֱӺ˳ȥһȭͬأ񷣬ֱӺڵǰһȺϡһȺ߾ܶӹ֣һȭ£Ѫɶλǰ̫ϣѿҽһɳȥ֪
ں俪һȺ֮󣬼漤ߡɾʥǿߵķӦģܿ˸Ϲв۾ǿߣ֮ǿߡ
һȭȭ˳ȥÿһȭʮɵĺ俪һͨ
ԵֲʵЩɫ䣬һѣǴﵽ׼ۼ𡣿ȥ֪ͨеĴУ峤ǳѹ
㣡㣡
ʧ֮󣬺ܶ˾Ͳ²⵽ݣһѣеǿ񱩣ס㡣
ԾŵǬ趯ֱӳȥЩ˶ɣӰʥ֮⼤ߡ
طٴȥҪȻҪˡԷ峤лû֣Щûκε㣬Էܿͻ֡ԣҪ뿪
Щκε㣬ƿһֱӱɳȥɳȥ֮ӰʥرԵ˿ֱӶñȻ˺ʥصǲ֮
ʥأӴϣ˺ѿռ䣬ڿռ֮мߡ
ȻδսٶȴԶԶԼʱҪ壬ȻҪӡ
ӵİܾǿ߲ϼҪס㡣ȴɵãһǿŭҪ㴳лȫˣǾûˡ
ɱ̫ûʲô˿ٴϻͷϰëǲϵ۵Ǿͷϡ
㣡̫
˰ļУһŭ͵ıŭ𱩶֮䣬ع򳹵׵ı䶯Ƽرɫѹ£ضԡ֮С
Ӱһ֣ٶȿ磬˿ӵٶȣ͸ռ䣬׷ȥ
׷ɱʥͷɱ㣡
˳֮󣬳ŭһ𶯣˺ȻĿѾʧӰ
ʥʥͷ֣̲סͣʥеĵ̣ÿһлʯÿһо춯֮ܣʥٶãֻԾǿǿʱŻᶯʥ󡣿ǴʱȴΪһ󱲣峤Ȼʥ
ʧ񣬿ʥصâǣʥȻĿӰмÿһƺƵĻ𵴡
ȥڵ峤¾󣬴ʥߣ
⼸˳Ҳɭ֮ɫûգռߡ
ӣ֮ˮٶȿ硣ǾˣȴʼհѲһˡ˻ռ֮ƿزӣ֮䣬ܸıعƾŹ֮ٶҲ磬˿ӡ
ۣɫ䣬ع򣬰ػĹ֮ȥޱĿܡ
͵ѾǿˡվнĶ壬Ȼ׼ֻһȴ֮ؼ䣬ȥЩѾнɾͨ飬˭ܴâ
ʱһ׷ɱ
ᵽɤӿڣµӣģڴ۵׷Ҳ˿ѷɫֻҲѲ˶Է
۶ڷմﵽ˴Բ֮֮÷ٶȣĵһ׷һӣܿ͵˾Χ
ܵĵǺܿ죬ӵ𣿡峤ŭȻһ˳ȥҷΪ׼ҹﲻ
Է𶯣ֲķ֮ϯȥضķӼҪһжѹķ֮£غ϶ΪһƵġ
ķ£Ҳɫ䣬ػĿⲻɿӣܲƿĹ֮ҪƲǾ׶༪ˡ


1182 
֮ӶȻĺһϵëȻͬһͷ⬣ҪǱӿĹâ֣¶Ҫëۡ
еӿһ棬ֱնػĹ֮ȻѣѼȻѷ졣
㾪治ѣͷӵ֪һݡȻ˶Էķշѹٶȴһ̲סӣή˲١
ֽ㶣뵽ƽ˯һƿ۷򣬿Ƕڴʱ˵̫ˡ
㿴ԽԽήҵӣ֪ȥҲӲˣ̾һһصԼС
վھ֮⣬㲽ͣ׷ϵľ峤ɫȻȻӲˣҲ׼ˡ
峤վǰ꣬ɫҲɭޱȣԷɱĶӣ˿̾ȻҫΪûˡ
գ峤㣬ɫɱҺҪѪծѪ
̫Ӽ˹ֲ˭־ֻܹǵʡ㲻ʾŶԷͬʱְѾʱʥӶһưˡ
峤ٴɱʥӣɫѿ㣬һȫ
峤µʬûжֻ֣ǹѹϡ
ݶ߹ȻѹһŰѾʥߵһԵʱ򣬾󲿶ҲһƬز´ܸоܱ鲼֮
󷨼ΪһƬطС˿̱˵ѾˣûҪӶѡ
һЩ֮ˣоȻʾҲ֪ԷǶ˱ɱ֮ġ
ԸһСȻôӪǾ廹ǿҡ㿴ž峤˵
ɲСܺ͹൱û˻ΪС峤˵ٶȲҪǲ´˵пܱˡ
ԷĻһһΪԷӪ־ܣǰǴۡҪһս£һ
ܳɳֲҲף۸֪ǣΪʲô塣峤˵ѵ㲻ͽıɱֻҪ壬Ȼɱ㡣
ҲΣֱӻشõľڤˮ
һ仰þ峤䣬ͬɫĻоʥĻʯǶۿ㣬д֮ɫ峤ŭߵǴ֪ڤˮģ
峤з˾ξˣڤˮ֪֮ˣҲֻһ֪ȥľ̫ӣͲ֪ڤˮǣһȴˡ
ӣ㵭˵˵Ҫеȥ鷳
峤Ҳŭ𣬿뵽Էݣվ˵Ҳκβ˶ԷֻǣԷ֪ЩʲôҪ岻ɣ
ߣԭͺ¿ΪԼ޵䲻ɡ峤ŭⶫǱˡ
ֻҪⶫлûУž峤Ҫõһ𰸡ҪУջмϣûеĻϣûˡ
峤ûлش⣬һ˵һһһ˵ķϣһʹ졣˶ϰɣñԳ֡
ôãЦ±ƴһɣһ׼۵ƴһǴҲҵ֮
峤ĻЦһ㵱Լʲôۻ㣿Ҫǲ˶ϣ˽㡣
û˵ȫ趯ֱۣһƻŵǬһ𵴶ķƣǣŤһһ磬ޱȣױȵֱӳԷ
־֪ͨƽʽԾ峤ãϾǰһۼһƶ£˲͵˾峤ǰ
һĻҲ㾴岻ѣϸҶԴ۳ֵ˲ࡣǺεȾ磬нĵۻʣÿһվ֮λ޵䡣ȥ飬˭Ĥǣ
Ȼȴ㲻ʲôϣǺ㴫Բʾѣս׼ۣۣܿȻ׼ѾһŲˣߵĲ֮
һȭ˾峤ǰۿҪǰ㲢ûΪһ˿ĸˡΪȭǰ棬Ƹǰ档һȭĺڶԷ֮ϡ
䡭
һУ㵹˳ȥֱ۲²̤֮䣬ȥһ޴ѷ֡
˵㻹˶ĺá㻹Ǳ۵Ķ֡峤㣬ޱȣŭ֮һҪ˺ѵķ顣
ǲǶֲ˵㣬Ի㡣˵꣬ٴ趯Լķ򣬷ӿ֮䣬࣬䡣
峤һĻһ˵֪۾üʶһ£ʲôǴۡ
峤˵֮ķ趯͸֮УŤתȻתķﶼķ֮УеһжѭԸһصףںһ˺Ȼ۵ķ緶һչ¶ţûһ˲Ϊ֮Ļġ
֮ǻ֮ڴɵķ£ɡ֮۾ķƲˣ㻹κͱս峤ЦǴżֲм֮ɫ趯֮䣬ϵıշѹȥɷ޴ƣȥҪ㵱Ϲ
˭㣬Ʋķˡ˵֮䣬𵴣۳ɿֲĻֱֱ֮תԷƶȥƿصƣɷ۵ϡ
峤Цضķ£ʵܵѹơοһ֮ڴɷͬ϶ѣӭķûʲô
峤ΨһĵľǶԷƴһԱܾԵѹơ
ǣΪԼķȫİʱȴ𺳲һĻֻ趯ķȻƿƣмʱɫ԰ףѪҺȴɵķ
ⲻܣֻǾ峤ţҲɴ۾ǰġ
Ǻѹƴ֮µκһˣ׼ڴɵķ£Ҳżֲ˶áǣΪһ֮Ȼƿ۵ķ
˵ԤϣһǲԸŵ漣޵Уƾǿµƿһеķ򡣿Ǿһַ򣬾Ȼ֮ˡ
һʧĿ㣬Ͳ


1183 ֶ
ģ峤һ㻺˵
Ȼ㵭˵ᶨȻ
ô峤ŭȻ֪ġǣҲ˶ѡƿ۴ɷѣȴӲˡۣվܱġ
峤˵֮䣬磬ǧڣֻҪ֮ˣĻΪ˶𶯣һȻ˭Ȼǵ˴۵ŭ
һͬʱ峤һҲİ˳һƴʮɵȥһƴŭԷضһƵģ֮𵴶£ײϣɨ㡣
״潻棬Ӱܿһٶȼ죬ʹڶԷɷµУٶɿ쵽˼㣬ٶ£ıܿһ峤һƺ֮ϣһĺ˼ռ䣬޴ת֮䣬֮ơ
˿ڴɷĸ£Ȼ˿Ӱ죬̲סһۣرʥļλǿߣŹ֡ǿǺڴ۵ķ£һз򶼻ܵѹƣǺŲҲˣ˴޵е
ڵĽȴǵԤˣԷȻܵס۷ѹַ֮˿Ӱ졣Ǻεȵ漣
峤ȻȣȴһΪܱܵÿԱΣ
Ļ£ʱһƣĴؼֻʣӡÿһӡ֮趯ֱ֮ȥ
ܱܿд룬վһЩ޷ֻܿͨ趯ȥ
䡭
һν£ؼ伤ĹâͬƵģ޴ĳ֮ؼ䣬رķ飬ܵɽֱӱݻΪƽأݣĩա
Щڸߣֱ֮ӱನʬ޴档
ƣϽϽΪĵķԲǧڣ򶷸𺳡Ȼĸобѹ
͡
ʹ֮뼫󣬼ʹ޾ԷԲķ򣬿ǶԷҲܱġ۵ԶԶ׼ۡ
߿Դﵽļ££ԵѹơʩչͨҲǶԷĶ֣Ǵ۵ǿ½ǿߣ
һѹڷѪɫĿž峤
峤ۿ㣬ǴżЦ֮ɫ˰ɡ棬֮ҲԲǴ۵Ķ֡㣬Զ޷ı䡣
㲻˵еۣҪҲҪս
̬峤һһ֮ȴñɱ㣬԰ˡϧֻܸˡ
˵֮䣬峤ٴ趯֮䣬ɫ䣬ӡһȥ飬㸲ǣÿһӡ֮£һƬʹݡһ޴ѷ첻ѿ˿̵龳Ľʲôѡ
ܿһҲͨסУÿһζѪ˳ȥ
ǣһĻȴÿÿһզ಻ѡܵסۼιϲࡣѹ֮ʵս׼ˡ
ʱı֣׼ۻҪǿ֡׼ۿɲܰѴ۵ķѹȴ˿Ӱ죬ϣ㳬Խ׼ۡ
㲻ϱɳȥ̾Ϣһһ˿ȴҪˣò˵Ӣš
͡
ٴαĿѪҺѪѾ𵴵ҲѺ۳֡סۼҪǿˡɾˣҲܡ
֪ȥˣҪȻԼɡ
뵽⣬һҧϷѪ۶ɣɫľ޴ƣķ򣬴ŻصϢֱ峤ȥ
峤ЦһСѣ
˵꣬峤һӭȥһƶ£ֲͱݻ٣ֻһҲס˾峤һϢʱ䡣
һϢ֮䣬Զߣңʩչ£սǾֻˡ
ٶȿ磬ɾߵʱ򣬾ʥľͷŭȵ󣡡
ŭ£ǰƾյĳһĻĻǰײϣʱɳȥڵѪǷ
˵һҪ峤׷ǰɭ
ɵ㵥ڵϣǻѪҺѪǱ
˿ų㣬Щ̲ס̾Ϣ湻󵨵ģȻ£ǲ
ǰ֪ʲôطɱ˼ʥӣⲻ𣿡
һôԿ׼۵ľ硣ҪǸʱգǱȻġǣȴûлˡ
峤ʥǾ˱ɱ֮ġ˿ɣҪǾӪκβǵڶ
пܣ밡ǣ˭ܿһɳ϶ҪɱҡУǲܸǰҪȻԺجΡ
湻ǿģڴ¾ܱѹƣǻǼá
ǰԷϾǴ۰֮µ޵ǿߡнĵۻ˵һŶô½𵴵Ŀǿ߰Ȼаˣһʾ

̾Ϣ֮𣬾Ҳò㡣峤¶ôãǵԤϡ
ɣ峤㵭˵ͱ۽ֺӦף㲻ҵĶ֡ȴͨˣ
Ҳ϶ԷĻĨһǵѪҺ˿ܣžǿ߻ӣǲµĴҪƴһսĻƿġֻ峤ǰôƿ
Ʋûпߡ
ԶԷ۵ʵӲ׶༪١ޱ·ߣսȥҲֻѡ
㿴ǰȻľ峤һ֮ǰʻһ飡
˵
嵽ûоڤˮ㶢ž峤˵
峤ɫ˲ɭٴα⣬ȥڤɣ
һֱվλãһֱӱɡӰһߡ
˾ٶǲǿԵУʵ
峤ЦΣûΣֹ£
еĻʾҪˡûеĻֻܰǾ嶼һ顣㶢ž峤˵
峤Ц·һЦһ֮ˣȻ˵˻㲻ÿЦ𣿡
ҡҡͷһ᲻һ
𣿿ǱһҪ˵꣬峤ٴ趯壬ֱȥ
ңһž峤˵ˣɱʣǾԲ㡣㵱汾ûֶܶԸ𣿡
Ļճʯ쾪𺳵Բ۾Ŀ㡣
ֶζԸۣ



1184 ʥѪ
Ż˭峤ʧ֮ȻĴЦĵĿ˵ʲôֶζԸۣ
ҲŹֵĿ㣬һӦҲΪֶܶԸۡ
һҲ֮ɫֵزҪǾıˣĨһӿĹɹѪҺһҲ˲ĺʲôָ㶯֮䣬ָһξѪ
ǲʶһ±ʲôֶ𣿽ձʾ͸ǡ˵֮䣬ָһ㣬ԼĶͷ֮ϡ
֮֮꣬Ѫ֣޵䣡֮УָľѪĶͷϣһ֮£ѪҺ͵ļ֮أѪҺͬХ˴򺣰һ㣬𵴲Ϣ
ҵԭǶѪ֮Ϊ𣿡峤ĵĿ㣬ǲм֮ɫ㶯Ѫ֮˼ΣԼĴܾ֮ѹƶԷ
ûĻӡϵĽ趯֮䣬ͷѪӿȵ𶯣Ѫǰ֡Хľӿò˾ѡ
峤ҲüѣѪ֮ѾԤˣƾѪ֮𵴣ǰδġ
Ѫ
֮һָڶͷͷʱⱩǣܱȻһ޴֣֮䣬һܣֱĶͷȥ
ֻǳһ˲䣬ȴÿһˣؼһɣһƬȻĶϲ㡣
һĻ˻Ȼʧ𾪵ĿһĻϢȻ
䵽ͷ屩⣬ͷҫۣһɫӡӡͷϡ
һֱ㶼ҶѪ֮ǵⲽأҲ˲ôˡһһƴ֮ȻˣҲ˲ñ¶ˡ
ӡһ֣ܶüѣǲʲôֻǸоɻѣҵѪӡǲͬ
Ψо峤ʥļλͷɫ䣬ɴ۾ŵĿ㣺צʥѪ
з˾ξˣ˲֪צʲôǻ֪ǻı־ֻȫǻѪſܳӡǡ
ǻˣ峤Բ۾мҲкȻ̲ס˼
ΪһۣŴӡǾͺȻĵ˼ʶ껪Ƶ׶ôֲʱ꣬Ȼ˺µ㡣
ⲻܣѾȫ䣬ôǻˡ峤۾Ķ㣬鼤˷֮УЩ
֪ʲô壬Ϣȥ½ҪΪ֮𶯣ЩѾص˶ᾪ鶼𶯡û˲֪˿ϾȻٴθ˻ˡ
峤ʧ񾪽УҲŹֵĿž峤峤˰ɣȻˣôܣǲǿˣȻӡǹŹһЩǻӡǣ
ΪûеģһûС㿴ž峤˵̫Ԥϲ顣
峤ĶĶͷҪ㡣ԽԽľΪͻӡûһ˿һŬסе˵ñ⣬ϾȻлǺܿϧʱϹʱڣҲΨҶĤݵʥ塣ǻ壬Ҳǰܼ֮Ȯѡ
ԷҲŭƾѪ֮ϵƶ޸ãѪ֮ӿƱǣѪ֮еӣҲѪ֮
ҲգȻϻл壬Ǳ۾ɱ㣬ûٴξ֡峤Ķ㣬ھ֮ҲָǿûѾʷˡ˿̾һˣʲô
ϧˣʥ壬չѾҪ֡ûаԾµʵȴչ¶ԼݣǱ֮·
ЦǲǱ֮·㵣ģֻҪɱˣҲô򵥡
ߣҪʥѪơ峤һٴ趯ֱ㱩ȥ
˼峤ˣһɫŹ֣ɻĿ㣺ѵǻʥѪɣⲻϳ֮ˣȻӵлѪɱϾǴѪ֮ѵ㻹ܱ첻ɣ˵ѪĿܣ
Ǻܿ˾ҡͷ뷨ѪǺѪģҪĻͳΪһʥˡȻģ˵
뵽һֱδңδҵԴ˸Ǿÿܡ˵ǻ嵱ԴֶαһѪ
Ϊ˶͵İĿ⿴㣬ҲžξˡҪǻѪϢһ½еĹ嶼ᾪɡû˭һϢ
ʧ֮ǵĿֿ峤㡣趯Ѫ֮ܵס峤У
ʥһ棬Ѫֵ֮׶ǿ
ǵɻܿ͵õ˴𰸡ֻӰ趯Զ֮ǰķ򣬱أֱ峤ȥ
֮䣬似ɣȻֱ֮֮Էȥһ֮䣬ѣգۼ͵˾峤ǰٶȿ磬֮ǰٶȻҪǿһ
һֱ峤Ҳ䣬Ȼ趯ֱۣһƺ˳ȥ֮ײһ
䡭
һ죬ɫ䣬âǣѳյĹâڸǵһû֮ȫݣѣƺƵ
һ岽岽̤֮䣬ѵķ顣峤˺̤ͬ·ݡ
ܣһ峤ʤȴһƬȻĿ㡣㻹峤ȴѾ潻ˡ
ʥѪ֮𣿵ֲֵز
찡֮ǰ׼ۣ˿ȥʹ۽֣Ѫֲ̫֮ˡ
Ϲʥ壬ܱȰѪ֮˭ܴâ
ҵˣΪʲôողܵʱ򣬾նɱһ۾ľͷˡԭѪ֮ƫƫʱȴ֪

˾岻ѵĿ㣬дż𺳺Ͳ֮ɫ̫ˣʥѪ֮һ̱¶š
㲻ܶԷȣٴ趯ֱԷȥʥѪ֮ٶãȴĿֲϢʱ似ɣǵϢܰʵӵһԸӵĵزȻȲϴ۵ȴҲ´ˡ
Ȼ¶ݣҲͲˡϵ趯Ƶֱ峤ȥ


1185 
Ĺƾϵ趯ֱԷȥΪ֮Ȼѣؾ𣬲񷶼Ҫþ岼´һȺɫ䡣
ͷɢ˷ƵԸִ似һն񷣬һ׵ԨһУбһɻҪɱ峤
峤ɫҲ˵ܶ໪ʥѪǿǿֵز˼ҲԸط趯֮غ죬Ŵɷͬɱ𶯾죬̤֮䣬һͷͷޱڣշѹ£ֱֱıȥֱĸ似ȥ߽棬âǣɫ䣬źϲľܵɽ˲Ϊƽأһ칵Ѻ۳֣ݺύ鲻
˿һĻ˺ľѾģҪǱ²˾䡣
ʥѪΣǴۣ޵еġɱ׾١峤У趯֮䣬ɷɽ壬ϵıѿһжڶޡ
Сѣһ޵У޵еĴɷܾѹƱˡǣķȴѹƲҡʣ٣Ǿעɱҡ
֮䣬ƺƵ趯ѪϣԻ似ʩչ֣ڵ𵴣һжݻٵĸɴ࣬Ĺӭ峤ԸԻ
峤ǴۣʵֲʹŸִ似ǰȴ޷սôǿѹһ
ǣҲֻѹһѣҪҲѡңԸԿþ峤Ҳͷ۲ѡ
ģ峤ŭһΪ۵ȻܽƣѡҪûУͱˣӵʥѪҲá
ûƣ˿ֻǱһҪʰͱüˡ

峤У¹£ֱ趯ֵ𶯣죬趯ֱѡӭսʩչص⣬һжѹƣ峤ķ򶼱ѹƣԾ˫ĺ;峤һ
ֱͬһһͬǳѣʮض۳ݵ֮£ױȣ
趯Ͻ棬˶۲ƣԵģȴ޴ޱȣһ޷ʵǵĿֲ֮С
䡭䡭
ֲϣһᴩһɽХһ򶷣ĴĿ꣬һƬƲ·ͲΪһƬ棬ûһ˿ľķ顣
ͷɢѪҺ֮зڣͬɽХڣͬݷһͷƵģͷ޺ĵϣױȵǿ
һȭ֮׵һ㣬ǬѷӳǧٵƬıֱ峤ȥ
峤סһߴңңţɢ˵ơ
˿Ǳ۲Ƶˣ鶼岻ѣ¶Ȼ֮ɫرǿӰз˾ξˣˣȻܶԿۣԷؼĵۻʣԿ޵е
ʾʵս׼ƽ֣ս۲·硣Ȼվ˴½ˣ
ؼĴۣҪһˣӵһ϶ȻΪʥս۵ʵβ˾֣
޷󣬵Ź˵һ䣬ս¡˿̣ȫˡ峤˵׵ǰȻҲս൱

ΪĽĻ𵴣гȣоηͬ̾Ϣˣ˿Ҳɫء¶ʵ̫޷ˣ峤κβѵҪͨɱ
һ͵һпëûгֵز
ϹʱڵĻʥ壬Ҳûгɡû˵֮ս۵ģϹŵĻҲС
˶㣬½Ķǿߡ
ۣ˹¶ݷĿ޵ǿߣȥѵͨǾǴ½ƿߣ˵κһ仰ô½𵴡
˿̣ؼٳһܿĴڡ
峤жò㣬ɫҲޱȣһһȭһǰһȭ𵴶֮ǹ貣âﳤգ޵С
ǿҲҪ峤У˶غ϶ΪһƵģٴα˼֡
ĶŶԷûΪԷ仰仯۲ƣģѣ趯ӡӡ࣬޵֮ƣֱƿԷصշѹ
໯նϰ˻ĽԱǿϢһЩǧܵϢˣڵϣͷ
潻峤ҵײչʮڲѣϽ˶ˡŵĿ
֮ϣϽĸֲĿܶҲҪĿ⾪һս۽֣½Ѿûгˡλ۵Ľ棿
ѣ˽𺳣˵رǵ֪ǸӰǲǰź׼սʱĿ࣬Ծ
峤У֮ͬһڣ𶯾죬ǧٱֶθȥҪɱ㡣
룡
ҷ裬罣չͨ趯ƬĽ⣬貣ӭȥʮأ߸֮䣬һľͬѣɢܡ
ִ磬˿´ۣ鼤զ಻ѡ
峤ս㲻£ɫҲѿ㡣һ֮Ȼսĺ൱ˡΪ۵Ǳݺݵĳһơ
ܽ飿ѵһҪڳ˵ĻǶ档
һһһӡ붯Ѫ֮ġϾһ۶Ըһ֮Ѫ̫֮ˡǴ˿̵ȴɲˣʹǶҲðնɱڴˡҪȻȻеһ
뵽⣬峤˵Ѫ֮Ҿû𣿡
һ仰˻ȻǾηмӡȻƵһҲѪ֮԰ˡ֮£Գˡ
𺳵ͬʱ̲ס̾һ峤Ѫ֮Ȼ˵Ѫ֮Ļܵס
Ǿ̾Ϣ֮УȴЦ벻ˡһУʱض㣡
һŵĻþ峤ŭЦɫŭݣؼǼʶˡƾʾʵʥʥתҲ


1186 
ȻҲĻս۲վǱȲϴܴۣۡǲܡ
峤ȻĹ趯ӡᣬ׼ԼѪ֮
ڶԷıĲ⣬ɫƽղϵ趯ÿһ趯֮䣬ŴɵĵۣЩȴûоƣеֻǷƵƮЩ뵽УԽԽƮ죬Ҫʧ֮һ㡣
һɼȴϲͬˮȻûɽХƣûеľֳƮ졣
ͬһһ㣬ԽԽƮ죬ԽԽûϢ˷·ʧ֮һ㣬Ҫվ˶Ϊˡ
ŹֵһĻòüʹʥϣҲɻо㵽ġϢʧ֮䣬ɢֶγǵ֪
峤ӡֶΣЦһ˵Ū飡
峤ڵѪҺĵĵ֮䣬ףȻȲ󣬿ҲޱȣȻ峤Ѫ֮ˣѪ֮峤ٴѹ㡣
ɾھ峤Ѫ֮ҪɵʱȴۺȵΪֹʲ˱¶ݵס㣬ٴѹҡ
ǿɲ㣡峤ŭڵѪһָ׼ڶͷϡ
Ǿһָ׼ڶͷϵʱһƮ쵭Ȼȴ֮򣬻Ťת֮ɾ֮ǬŤתʱ䶳ᣬ
ĺ£峤ķ֣ĴɷȻ˲ѣڱѵͬʱϢȻ˲㱩ȥصĹʧһɶϢҲо
أͻȻͬһ͵ʱ䲻
桭峤ͻȻ뵽˵һͨľûڣͶˣʱֹͣȻ
峤䣬ķ֮ͻֶᡣСǿʱʵȴۡ趯ġ
峤Ȼ˶ǾһĻڵľڣеʱŶˡ
ⲻܣʥͷȻɫһƬ԰ףȻ֪ʲôڶգôܳУ
ֻһϢʱ䣬һһжָǣһϢ˵ȴ㹻ˣھ峤Уһھ峤ϡ
͡
ɺѪҺ³峤󵹷ɳȥ¶֮ɫͷ֮Ҳ˶ش
̺ȫһԴˡڵϣҳһ޿ӡ
ͬɫҰף̱ڵϣޱȣֳ壬ǿסӰ
ŵڵϵ㣬ɫ͵Ŀ㣬дŲŵĿ־塣һۣϵ޵ǿߣȻشˡ˵ǲǿ׳壬¶֮ɫзξˣ˭Ҳ֪Լ׳ܶ𺳡
Ҳ㶵ĿһĻĿ޵еĴۣȻͰһ֮УԷȻʩչҲĬ㣬дſ־塣
㿴ǰŬĳҪվľ峤ҲżңҺöԷûȫѪ֮ҪȻܲش˵
ȷʵĵʱ䡣ǣҲ޴󣬼ʹҪһ۵ʱ䶳ᣬҲֻǿһϢʱ䣬һϢ֮˲̮
ǽһϢشԷʤ
˿ޱȵľηһܴܰ۵ԳΪؼķ֪ϢһȥΪ֮֡ʹЩʥѪˣһЩ
һܴܰ۵Ĵڣûһ׵ǡ
һ˰ɡҶѪ֮ȷԼܸһ塣
ǰʵ¶ȥ˭鷳
ֻվʥ֮˰»˲Ź磬һЩڡ
ҲδأʥҲûУЩʯҳ֣ȻȻлʯﱣ㡣
ҪģнѹЩʯײ֡ʹʥ֮ˣҲͬˡ
ǸһʥóЩ׽ʥڣҲᰵ԰æɡ

˿㣬Ÿ˼ɣʵ˵ǷգҲǻȻǷոֻʵǿΣս͵Ͷѡ
Ϊ㾪ȵʱ򣬾岼һȺҲȻĿѾ峤ԺҲĿϡʱȻһģûһ˸׳֡
һܴܰ۵˭֪ûкУ
ǣҲԸ뿪´Χ㡣̽ǲǻս֮
ڶԷʩչûлӦ;ؼԪ
һȺ˶һۣ漴Ŀⶼеʥľͷϡ
λͷȻ˼㣬뵽һðź⡣վԲܷߣҪȻǾûкӹϾԷǵϾڤˮˡ
һΣѵڶʵҪǴֵĻӦѡ
뵽⣬⼸ͷҲ˲Σգ˺󣬽һҪɱ
ڼλͷ£һȺ˿ʼӰ䶯һɡ
˿ȴȻſ۾Ȼû⣬þһȺ̲סһ¶֮ɫ
ҲĿ⼯еϣȴ֮߳һֻӣͷȻıϻС㣬ĿƵĶžһȺˡ
Ϊƿ۷Ϊ㱬Ѫ֮ڴ˻ָҲΪʲôҶԭڣҲżֵۣ׷ӡ
ߣӣ󺰵
ӺһȻ˺ѿռ䡣һȺ˼ɫ䣬ס
ֻ۵ķۺƿǴ֮ص󷨶κβã˺ѿռ䣬ֱ󷨵ϣǵĴûռʧ˿һĻɫŹ֣㵵Ŀܻľˡ
ҫһˣ㶵Ŀա
ܻҪ׷ȥٶȴȲӣһŭ
͡
ɾզ಻ѣ̾ǿƵʱͻȻһѪ֮һӰ֮б˳
˿ȥӣʱɫҰףҲŵѺۣҲήҲ
һĻþ˴ϲҲ㵲ѣǺܿͷ˶ߣյһˣȻ߳һߣߣ˳
찡ˣԸĺ󱲣Ȼʯ֣⡭


1187 
ȻˣǾͱˣߵĿзˣ嵲ǰ棬ͬһ޷ԽĴɽ
ڵϣŹɹɵѪҺӿĵҲήҲ㿴ǰߣɫ԰סֲ̫һжƿ֮䣬׾پͰʰˡ
ȻûսѾ˺ԶˣȴǱˡ֪˵ǿ
鴫ֻ۸һҲ˶ѡ㿴žһ˵
ĻҲĿϣܴܰ۵Գ֣Ҳ㶪
ߣЦһҲȻŵԳ֡Ҳԣ
Ļ˵ϧˣΨһѪҲҪˣ
˭ǻΨһѪЦһ廹ġ
һ仰ͷ𵴣һ͵ĵɴ۾仰˵廹˲ɣ
һ뵽ĿֲǾ̲סĵ𶯡Ҫ˵Ƕڴ½˵Ǿ춯صĴ¡ҪǱ˵⻰ûţǴѾ֪ʥ֮ˡ˵Ļ˭Сӣ
㵱ϷŴ𣿡ͷһ֮Ҳָ˹Ц滹ô½ô궼ƽ˾
ͻȻЦž˵ȻûУΪʲôܳǰ
ɫĬĿ㡣ȻԸţȷȷʵʵǰȻһʥ֮ˣ˭ܱ֤ûеڶ
ɱ˱ʣǾͬù㵭˵
֪ǱɱģҲԷùȻ޷κεҲҪ˵仰ŻŻҲҪԷӰղðοؼǻлˡֻǣƬǿ¶ѡ
˵ʲôı䲻ˡ涢˵ҾʥµģǧһˡҪǲɱ㣬ҾҲûȥˡڻ壬ǳˣȻ˻ȥʰǡңϷɲϻлˡ
Ȼţα˵ҰοЦȻҪ֣Ǿɡ
־͹̫ţҾ¡ҪȻϷ򻹲Զ֡˵꣬¶⣬ˣǾȥɡ
˵֮䣬շѹ£޷ĵֱֱ㡣ĵ˵Ǵʱ˵㣬ȫʤʱڵ㣬ܵסοʱһɱ㡣
һĻÿ˶̲ס̾Ϣҡͷһʤ۵ȴֻ꼻һ֡ӢŰɣԲﾪһ֡
ΪһҪʱ۵ȴǰֹɻѲҪŹ㲻ɣ
ǵǿʱȴһŹֲѡֻ˿̵ľɫ䣬Ķһ򣬾Ȼ˲ˡ
飡˾޷Ȼ飬Ǻεֶεסĵ
˭ŭѵʥɡҪ˵Ļǡ
ھɫȻ仯ʱȴһ𣺡ƥôû֣ӵֶˡ㲻Ҫǣ˭ĵӣӵˣҲҶ治֪
һŭУл߳һӰ߳ĵ˲˿Ŀɿڴ
ؿ񣡡䣬Ķ߳ˡİһ񻰼Ըֶβʰȴû뵽Ȼû
û˸СаҪǣΪʰҲı߹
Ǻؿĵӣ겻ԶϢ֪˿̼վҲؿΪ̣ʱĳ
ŭһʲô鶼ĳ涢źؿڵǳû°ҪеİãҪû°Ҫʰ㼸ܡ
ϣϲû뵽ϸźڣҲ˲١ԷҪɱԼ͸ˣɱԼԺԼѳӶһ
СӲܳɳֵزҲҵľûдиգ˵ƣҲԱһ;Ͽһ䣬漴̲ס̾һڵվһعˡ
仰һ㶣ܿ׺˲ʱˣʹ۽ֶûйܡ̲סһʦǺˣҪǳֵĻԼҲôˡ
϶ֱӣϸϹʱѾѪ֮ˡȻʱ֣ܳҲҲˡһҪǿôҼʶһñ˶˼ɡ
һУ㶼ˡ
˿̼Գ֣ųΪ㵲һϿžЦ۸һԼ˶౲ֵˣҲóȻˣҲͱҡʱһ㣬ʲô۸ˡ
ؿĻɫʮѿؿĻСӣһӣͬһ
£۸ߣʥأҲ޻˵ߵ
ЦӵʲôˣȥȥǸӡǲúõдţȻ治֪𱰡ϵĻֻñĿɿڴ㶼ûЦ
ãڵߵǷϱԼǿˣ޳̬֮ԼԶԶȲϵġ
Ψоһ⣬ؿǺĲʲôҪȥ˶ūͣһжҪ˵ֻһġ
˵ɣһʲôؿž˵
ҲҪ˭˵ؿ̫㵱Ϸ㲻ɣ
²£סϵ˵Ȼ㲻ҽҾ㽻ϣϷǲܶġˣǾ͵øۡ
Ͽž˵վǾ֮µˣٳֻˣҲǡΪǵǲġȻҪɱ֮ǰɱңǿԵһ¡
ԵĻò˳Ĭؿֲ˵Ļ˭ӣؿǺΪСԼ㡣ǣҲٲ֮أҪԸ㣬ȻȻ뵽ɱؿ
ؿǿǵסһǵסǿ𣿽ŵʱѾɱһΣǾ˵ֻҪԸ֣ɱҲ⡣ֻҪ۶ѡ
ƼЩˣ᲻øۣʥ壬ǲһ𣿺ؿѵʥ廹Ҫǿ
仰ȴжѣź仰ҪɱˣҪ˼ɼ֡



1188 ֮ŭ
ؿѾʥ£ֺαӲҪҵΪСʵֻҪܷеִȥá֧ųһŶˡƫƫҪҵΪУѵ㲻֪Ϊĵ𣿡Ķźؿ
ؿž浭˵飬ȴϹʱڣ岻Ǳū۵壬ڻΪ֮󣬲Ÿı֡ΪԴ칦һٸı䱻ū۵ĵλȱֶ֮飬ֻ𡣡
ߣо仰ʶʱΪܣδ̫ʶȤˣ涢ŶԷŭȵ
ؿ񵭵˵壬˭ûܹĶݣ˴󣬴ûдѹǡȴһûءɥĲ񵽼¡
˵仰ʱɫΪ嵱걻ΪĶı䣬Ҳûİǵ˶ԴҲ֮˺ҲмΪŨʥѪ֮
嵱걻ɱҲɱ˲ֻ࣬һ֧ӳһ壬Ϊ˸屨Ѿ̫ˣҪˡǾˣҲϧ
Ҫ˵㻹ʥݣûݣӣͲܿű˺
˵棡ˣǵ뷨Ҳҵ뷨ҵ뷨ܼ򵥣ʥ˲ܶͬģ嵱µѪҲҪɱ٣Ǿͻ١ؿŶԷ˵
ߣϷҪһġŭɫ
ؿֱһӣ㱻ߣһ뵽УԭҲָ˼˵ܼס𣿡
һպǣϲ֪ӿɹɻԪ£Ҳָĺܿ졣
ٸһʱۼκεңԺ˵
ϵͷΪ㻤Ըŵر㡣˸оĵڷЩԭĵһɶҲ˵㣬ϢҲʼƽ
һĻһۣ̲סüͷرǾ棬ɫȴûг֡ؿ͸֪ʵﵽֵز
ܽٺҪʵٴνĻǶһ鷳
һʱĳĬжȹԭôָģкϵİϸԴ㻨һʱϢ൱ƽȡ
ʱȻûȫָ˵ֻҪۣҲ޾ˡ
ˣһźؿ˵߰ɡҪףˣ㻹Ҫġ˶ãع֮עˡ
ãһûܵסؿ񣬶һӣҪھֵĻҪԴȻˣߡƾݣֻҪݵǸһ϶嶼ԸǲΧɱ㡣ʱվһ
ֻʱһЩѡ
ԭΪؿ뿪ȴû뵽˵һ仰ҵĵӣߣδ̫ҷˡҲһˡȥʥأǸӡϾʥݣܱġǵʥҲûдڵıҪˡ
ؿĻɫȻһ䣬ؿ仰ҪʥءʥʲôطܶġҪˣǾǲˡ
ңĶź˵
ϵ˵ûʲôҲҵģͿԸԸ
˵⣬ߵ˵ңҪʲôȥʥԼҡҲʱҪ
һ仰Ѫڣںϵžȥ
ʱСȴǴģǰľˣֱһƺɣӲɱˣ
ŶԵĻþɫ䡣ǾǿߣȴһŹ֡˵ص۵ͷҲû뵽صôţȻҪ˼ʥص⡣˼ʥû
һ棬ʥǿҲ⶯ġ
ϲֻǶˣҶĳףǰߣɲɱ屬ѳѪ
ؿ
˶ɫǺ죬ſֲһ԰ظݻ٣һ𵴶£ﶼ˺ѵķ飬ؼֻĵ
һֳнĵдĹ죬㶼оӴĵʮ֮˾ش
һȴú赭дıܿһɽͷ̤ǰȥ
źϷƵ壬ɫ䣬ŵĿźϣܣԲܣѵﵽֵز
뵽ֱӴĹд͸ȥ־ƺﵽ־硣Ҫﵽ־磬˭ܵס
ھĺȻ֮Уȴһ£Զһɽ˲ݻ٣ɽɵķҲֱڴ֮еľˣûһģֱӱɱĩ
һ֣Ҿɱһɽ壡ҵҪжɱϵĻﴫþ׼ٴγֵֶͣˡ
ʲô磬Ҫﵽ־ĻǾԵסϵġȻסֻẦˡؿĻԲ˵ЦҪ֣пɱȺ
㿴žںϵĻ¶֣̲סզ಻ѣǰԵšԼͺȣֱˡ
˷ܵںϵһʥضȥ·Ѿû˸ҵǵ·ˡǺȴ㣬˵ֻҪе˾Ҫɱ
ȫΪɱҽڣʵжܱܿߡ
һ·壬Ҳһ·ɱȥͺϵĽ£Ѫɺӣ˾Ͳ̤ѪȾĴϣһʥء
˿һĻΪ֮ǲ֪ǶôѪ
ȭͷȻ˼ɺϵĻǼվ̲סһȭٴκ˳ȥΨֻſܵסؿȻеĺϴﵽ־磬߳һǣȴò֡
ҪȻԺؿ߷ܿ͵ʥأҪʥظˡ
Ϸţ߳һУǣأԵ֮Ǻ϶ȥֻҪû߳һмĵסϡ
ϿžһȭȻٴδ쵽˼ķʽܿȻĳ־ǰ˵һΣͷ
˵꣬һƸͷͷȻо󣬿ں£˲ֱ·߾ѹѪ⡣
۶ƿľ󰡣Ȼһǿһɱ
ðź⣬ֺڶϣȻޱȡ


1189 ɱ
һƶ£ɽΪƽأ
Ľþ¶֮ɫǵƤ¶˴ɱ¾ȫǲѾ
ŭһϵı֮ƶϣźϹȥֲƿƵģֱֱںϵͷ
㶼޷£ϡȴ˿䣬㻺ǰСǴ֮Ŀֲһ׾ٵĴȥһںԭվ֮أһƬ˲䱻ĥµֻһƬڶ
ûпֻǿǰ˵һɽ壡
ں˵ָ꣬һ㣬Զһɽ˲ǿҪ룬Ǹո뿪ɽ壬˲䱬ѿѪĲ
ĸɽ壬ȫ𡣺ϵĶޱȣƵĲ̤Էʥء
Ѿ԰ˣ֪ܴĹдʲô˼ؿпߵһߵһ˭ܵסǣĵȫáߡ
Ȼߣźؿ񲻶ϵǰУɫѿ㡣
˼涼κβ˺ϣǷӴܣҳںϵǰںؿУ磬ɱҲڵ˾ʥء
ؿɱôˣҲ㹻˰ɡŭźؿŭ¡ӿҪǹ˼ɾ壬ͺؿƴһ
ؿȴûĻ˵ʲôʲô˭Ҫҵ㣡ɱ
ϵĻ޵ģҲ˼ɣָ̤ʥءһȭֱӺʥ֮ķơЩûͣԸֶΣٴαֲԷʥء
㣡ס֣ƻʥأŭѣһȭֱӺ˳ȥҪס㡣
Ϸ£ָֻšϺһǰһȭҲֱӭȥһȭ棬ͨûʲô𡣿һȭ;֮һȭһʱİѾ浲˿ȴ˺֮Զֱ۾Ȼżֲ

þһƬȻɴ񾪺ѵĿźϡȻոպؿıܿ漸֪ؿĿֲ潻ϣؿѹ棬ǲˡ
ôǿ޷⣬ֻ֪ȻԽ˴ۣͨʮ֮˾šǣһȻȲϺصۡʲô
ؿ񵭵˵ҪΪҲҺ㽻ֻ֣ҲԸ˷ѡ
ؿĻɫȴǣֱڤءźܣֱǺ޹˼ɣһֱӺ俪ܵƣݻʥصĽ
ʥص˱ѣһŭѣֱͺ϶ȥ
Цһָ㶯Щ𺳵ǿߡȴͬһ㣬׾ٵıɱ
˿һĻɫ䲻ѣһʥ֮˶ž溰ڣõ̰ɣԲˣ
мѪһѪ첻ѵĶͺϡ
ɫҲѿȭͷšŶߵĲϴõ̵Ļŭ죡ǵõ̾涼κβ˺صۣ̾κε𣿡
ǣʲô⡭˻˵ʲôȴϵ
ҪⲻҾ壬治ȫֶ¡ǣ򶷣֮֡ǿ㣬Բ¡һԭǣʵгҪ˵Ļ̼ңҲκε˵⣬Ŀ⿴˵һصҲͷˣأ˭Ķ֣Ҿ嵱걻ʥǿش۶䡣º壬ĶǿҪٲ١Ҳһλһشʵεֵ
ĻЩ¶ǿǱڤأһ̲ס˵ǣܲǾǵɡ
һ漴Ż˵ȥ飡ûѣȴûǽҫѡˣʥǲҪˡֻҪڣһж¡
ĻȻʡҲֻĿһĴݻʥء
ڤسȡ˲پڤصʥҺ˿۲ѡ
ҵ𣿡˵
ЦҡҡҡͷڤѰһ飬ȴûз־ڤˮѵڤˮû
ȥһϵ˵
ͷвϵıһ趯ϵʥءԾûкøУ˿ܺٻһѣȻɱ˾棬˶ԷʥأҲԼһˡ
Լʥرңɫ£һѪ۾ȴʲôֻܿŵһǵʥȫĸݻ١
ǵļ̳ǵĽأͺ޹˼ɵĴȥܡȻıҲյԼС
㣡᲻úģ
죬ٹ죬֮ءʱ򣬿˭ܱס㡣
ҰɣʹҰɣʦͽԽţǾԽ졣

бŭĶ㣬ɱʮ㡣
Ǿˣȴһզ಻ѣʦͽ湻ֲġ˾ȻþȻﶼҳֱ˺Ȼ
ȻʲôʱԹĴ
㲻ϵ˹ȥʥرҵĲаܲҲٺöǣȴûз־ڤˮüͷ
ûҪĶڤˮⶫУҲҲź˵
ϵͷ˵ѾڤˮǾ뿪Σ
ðɱź˵ڤˮϹʱھʧΪϷ𣿺ؿЩΪ۵ġ
ؿЦ㲻ҪܣѾڤˮҪȻ彫Ҫ塣
ҡҡͷҪĵ׺ҪҫʥһҪɱϷɱȺȴܡ˵ģǾԻȥġԣ㲻ô
仰ϳĬһ漴һۣ֮ŵ˵˵ûȷʵûֶ塣ǣһΣҵڶΡ
Ҫе´ǡһŭѡ
Ļָ͵ıһâȥֱǿ߶ȥϷˣܺ񣬼Ȼˣɱ˵
˵꣬ŭѣƹϮˣһǿˣѪⱬѿؿȻɱ



1190 Ҷ˼֮
ϱŭֲĵ趯˲ųǧϰٵ˱ɱ
Ҫɱˣһ£ǧ˱ɱЩĻᶼûУͱ׵ɱѪȵģ˷ӴܣҪܿǣԽӣԽ졣
һɱ¾ûмֶãϼ£߰˸ͷ׵ıݻ٣ڷͷϵߣѪ⳹׵䡣һɱ¾ûǾ涼޷赲ˣֻܿźѪȵĴɱ䣬̶ʱ䣬ѪɺӣܶŨѪ֮ζ
ַɱ¾˶۾Ѫ죬޷Ժϳֻ֣ܰĿתƵϡʱ㣬žʥء
ɱǿŭҪˣǻûг֣ͱŭ
ңŭþ˶ܿķâǵʥء
һʥضòƲʥصĲٶѹζߡһδεľٶڳǵȴֻš
˿һĻ̾ؿʦͽǿƵͬʱҲ̲סԾһƬǰ߸ϣǴ˿ȴ־Ҳˣ˼Ҵˣƨҷһ
ϼ澲üͷҲҲЩİѾˡϹŴĴ壬ԲС
һʥؿԣҪĻȻҪۡϲ¶Էȴò㡣Ҫọ̃ѡ
㾡пȴ۵ʵվϹŵЩȣǲһЩµĵҪȫɱ㹻ˡ
ٴ˾ʥصһأס㡣˿̵ĺϣѾմѪˡɱһˣ಻١Ѫɺˣ̱ǵѪ֮ζռ䣬ʶȾһɫƵġ
Ҫˣ϶ҡҡͷͣ

ͺͣĶ˵ҹˣɱˣߣϷҪɱ֮󣬻ʲôıӦ
ؿž浭˵㲻ҪңɱҲ֪ɱ˶٣Ҹһ壬ѵھĲұֵԽѪȣЩ˾ԽҡǣҲǰıƵˡҪеɱҾǣ
仰һҲ˵
ϱƵֵزҲûа취ܶԷɱ¾ȴֻš˿̾ѾˣȲϺؿʵҪͺؿֻ֣ʧѡ
Ȼ赲ˣǾ÷йﱩ¶ԽѪȣֻЩϼһ־ѣһΣѵڶ
ؿˣǾ˲ãѡʵģŸɣԽ񣡹Ȼɱ¾һ֮ͣ
ڤˮٴظ
ûоڤˮ治ʾĿŶԷ
һ仰ͺ϶üͷһվ˵ڤˮֻУȴûУΪǺƭɣ
仰һź˵ļʶӦ֪ϹʱڣܶණѾʧˣûоڤˮҲûʲôֵġ
㿴ϣͷڤˮѾˣֻǾ崫ϢҲ֪ǲġ
嵱ûУһž˵
ûп㣬ҪΪϣɱ㡣Ŀ⿴ź˵ҲˣǲǸ뿪ˡҪ㻹Ҵ壬Ϸƴ𣬽ҲҪɱ
Ϻһ˵ǵһΣ֮Щϲģ˭Ҵҵӵ⡣ǵİ
˵꣬Ҳܾѿ񣬶˵ߣ
ȻʣǺ϶ˣֻܺͺһ뿪
˿ͺﳤȥһʧѣ𺳿֪þ壬ϽһȻŶϽΪ֮ĵطһطصʦͽ߾ߡҵ棬ɱ¾Ǻεȵİ
̲סզ಻ѣŲƲľ壬һզ಻ѡҲףƬ½ƽˡʥ嶼Ѫ½ҪΪ˶ˡ
ȻʵҲ𺳲ᡣ֮ǰ׼۶ѣͻȻͱܴ۵ʵ˵Ԥϣÿһ˶Ϊ˶𶯡
ʥ壬һ죬ʥֲֻѹ干ˣ

ںվ̲סź˵ϣڤˮдã˴ǰΪⶫʵ˹˼ɣΪʲôǽڤˮҲûоڤˮ
ϿȴҡҡͷܴϹŴһ򵥵Ĺ塣ɲ⣬ҴʱʵҲұ̫ھҵ̫˼ɣǵĵϾ棬ȴòӡҪһ˵Ļǿܿ⡣ȴȫ˲㣬ʱ
˵⣬϶˶˵οҪĻȻǰ壬˵Ҫ
仰ſЦһ˴δܵõڤˮ´ξ͸ѵõˡ
һҺңʥߵ岢ûȫںϣҪһ˿̣ڸ󶥼Ҳʮֹ˼ɡȫںϺʵ˵ܴﵽǸΡʱ壬Ҳš
ϵĻ˵ͷ뵽նҲᱬҲ΢΢
ֻ˴˴鷳ʥع⣬˵ĿⶼἯеϡǰδеΣ֮СϿЦһ˵˴ζ̫㱬Ѫ֮
ҡҡͷҪģҲΡҴﵽʾ֮Ѫ֮Ͳ֡ҲΪԼζã˿̵룬˾͸Ըˡ
ҲǣۼҲӦԣڳԽ۵Ҳ֡˵⣬˶˵ҲԣЩҪĨɾˣζҲ˵
ЦһһҲܲˡ
ѵĻҲЦǵҲǣ̶ʱ䣬ߵֵزѾԶԶˡ˵ýҲܲ뵽ͨҪԸҲˡ
һ˼ջȻ˵ǰ֮ǰ˺һ飬֪Ū𣿡
ȻҶ˼Ҷ˼ͻȻ϶ԭġ֪ԭʲôܲܰҶ˼ָ䡣
ϼ仰ҲȻĳĬ
ˣҲ͵ЩżʵѵҲûиô𣿡


1191 
ΣҲ֪Ϊԭ𣿡ЩżźϼʵɫЩɫ䡣
ҵ֪Ϊʲô㡣ͻȻ˵
һ仰ϲЩĵĿźϣԼҪĽʲôԭӵм𣿡
ûش㣬Ƕ˵Ҷ˼ϣҲϢһǵۼϢȷɡӦǵһۼĴߡ
˵ͷϢҲҲǴ²⡣Ҷ˼ǵһۼĴˡ
ѵҶ˼ʧ͵ڶϢйأźϡҶ˼ϻһصϢȴ޷֪Ϣʲô
һϹʱڣһˣ񹦾ˣʵ죬һͨߡһۼҲѶá
Ҷ˼ʲôϵɻź˵
˵ꡣһ㵭˵ʥ£ߺ֪١ʥۼ͵ۼ⣬˺òĽ
ʥߣһλϹŮλŮǷҲǾʵȵۼ١ҪǣͬϲʥΪˣ͵ۼεΪʥƫۼʧܸա
λµһЩʲô̲סզĿź˵ϲңҶ˼ϵĵڶϢİɡϾۺ˶Է͵ۼλͷϢ˵ĴмҶ˼һϣ
ϵͷȻҲò˼飬ǴϴεĹۿԼǰۼõϢҶ˼ϵĵڶϢʮ֮˾ġ
üͷź˵ˣҶ˼Ϊʲôʧ䣿
ҡҡͷҶ˼ʧ䣬㡣˵⣬ͲòλŮˣλŮϹű˳ƺΪɣҲһĿˡļˣһ׷󡣶Ψʥ˵ΪʥԼ߹ݣԼϡõʥİϲͱŮһʥ
˵Ҳ֣ʥȴû˼ʥֻеۼҲΪλɺ͵ۼ˼ƳˮϹʱڣҲһ˼Ϊּ顣˵⣬̲סЦЦȻǿƣȴ޷ѹۼֻΪۼǿƣһԭʥĲϰ
ʥΪ˵ۼѹ⳹˻ɵģûԶʥںʥҲڻ뿪һҹ֮䣬ԴһʵȻǣ뿪һҹѹۼʤ˵ۼһС˵⣬̲סЩ̾
Ҳ̲סզ಻ѣۼǺʤۼһУжôֲˡ
Ҷ˼ʧһйأź˵˵ô࣬ãҶ˼ʧʮ֮˾źйˡ
ϼҲ²⵽ˣҶ˼ʧ䣬ȷʵλйأλϹҲһλԴҲ֮ͨ۷ֻһľˣͲһ
ԭ֮ˣ飬鶯ʥϣΪ֮ħͬΪʥ飬ʥϣΪһ֮ˡ뿪ʥһ̣ʥҲʵǣ˵ۼǣ֮Ҳǵʥˡԣʥ֮վǰͬİƵġ˵⣬˵Աһ´˿̵Ҷ˼п˿̾龳ԡ
ɫ䣬ȻĿϡ
̾һ˭뵽ۼͻɻѴмһϡȻҶ˼лɵĴУȻҲлɵ֮;
֮;㶢ź˵а취𣿡
ҡҡͷǺϹʱڶҪֱͨôƵģ
ѵҶ˼һӶʧ𣿡Χʵ
ǵǣоɵ֮;Ϊ˰ΪΣ飬飡˵⣬϶˶˵ڵȴû˵ΪĻɣҲֻͣڵڶΡ
ϵ˼ǣβڣһ
ǴڵģɵġϿ϶˵Ļ´֮;Ϊ˾ǳһһȴֻ߳벽Ҳ˵ߵ֮ͽ
ûв´Ļ飬ع鱾ԴΨֻʽԼģſߵһҪȻôҲǻδߵͨԭ򡣡˵ԣҶ˼Ҫָ䣬Ҫ߳߳ȻȻǵ㡣
ɶδ߳Ϊͳߣ߳𣿡Ц֪жôѡ
ϳĬһ漴˵ڱ˵ûһ˿ĻᣬǶҶ˼˵һ߿ܵġΪϻеۼĵͳڱ˵ͳǵķչǵĳɾͲܳԽͳˡǶӵͳҶ˼˵ƲǾԵģҶ˼пܳԽˡ
ϾмֿأЦۼͻɶǺҪԽǺ֮ѣرɶδ߳Լһ;Ҷ˼ѵ߳
ѣһҪ߳ʮ֮ѡǣҪҶ˼ŮԼˡҪ߳ͳԽۼͻɣԳϵ߲ͽһֱ龳
ϵĻһпɬ֪ﲻҶ˼ʲôһжҪҶ˼Լ
ҲĲˣֻܿԼҶ˼ŮҼԼ߳ģ˵
ͷ˿̳ȥҶ˼ʲô
Ҷ˼ŮޣӦõԼ˿Ҳﵽʾˣٹξʹﵽʾʱ򣬾ͿԳ֮˵֮п߳ʥ뵽ĲΡǸΣǻѪҪԸ㶼ѡҪľŬĲǸΡ
֮ҪԲ˵һľ롣һﵽΣҪٽһѡ
ûʲôѵģȱˣơݣһ޷ĲƸҲ߹վǲ˲̡ҲΪҲࡣ֮£ӦñҪһЩ
ȴҡҡͷѣ̫ǿԶһˡҪͻۣǺܼѵġ
ҡҡͷҲƣҪۣܲһĴۣҲҪǿ١
һɣȲʾ壬ߵ׼۵ĲΣٿûа취̤Ǹΰɡ
Լ׼۲оԵģⲻҪʱѡ˿Ѿﵽʾ壬֮ͻƲĻ۶ѣ˵㲻ʲô
Ļϵͷţʱ㵽ȥܱܣҲȥҡҪеߣҺڣҿ˭еɱ㣡


1192 ʥ
ͺϴ־Ϣܿʹ鿪𶯡ٴμʶ˺ص۵Ŀ˶֪ںص۵ǰҳά󽵣ͬʱԺص۾ηмӡ
涼ҴâѾѺصλǿ֮һˡ
Ȼںص۵𺳡㣬ʾʵս˴ۡӵ֮˶Ϊ֮Ѫڡ
ǿ۶սֻѡȴһ漣Ǿ㲻ǴۣҲʤۡ
Ȼⲻ𾪵ġͬХһϯؼǣǻˣӵĻѪ
ϢϽΪ֮𶯣ֱƸأؼϯȥǾ޴ķ籩ÿһ塣ϢЩһ򲻳Ļʯﶼǲеǿȥ֪̽Ϣǲȷġ
ؼһգκ˶ܸоؼһ籩ⳡ籩ͺϡ
ǻϢܿھõȷϣǸ嶼Ŀ⼯еϺϡǺܿ͵֪ͺϻص֮С
Ⲣû赲ס𶯣Ծ壬ϵ͵֮У¡
ǣԭĻʯȻûһ©µģžϹȥ
û֪ʲô˭֪۵Ļ¾Ǽϡ
˼ȷֻҪЩ˴Ӿ¾Ҫʱ
ǣ˵ȴۻʱؼȻٴγһ£أΪ֮𺳲ԭϵĿ⣬ȻҲı˹ȥ
û˼ڹעˣеĿⶼתƵ֮С
֮УͿ峤һλѾõĴۣȻ䲻Ϊ֣ҲΪȵ塣Ϊһ˵ɱ
ۺÿһǿֲĴڣ˴ۣؼ䡣Ҳδɱ˾峤ڣֻشԷǣ˿ȴһ۱ɱ
ѵֲͨɣ
ûмֶãһΪ𺳵ϢϢһ𾪣ھνһڻʯƽ˲뿪壬ֱصԼĹ֮С
նɱͿ峤һˣʮҡңʥĵͳˡ
С֮ͬף֮䣬ÿһ˶ƽҵõϢʱ򣬶Ϊ֮͡ȲĺϺֱӲ豭䣬ɫ䡣
ʥʲôϹŵһˡһ˿ԳԽĴڣĴڵ廨˶پŰˡǣ˾Ȼµͳ
ϢΪ˶Ҫ𺳵ĶࡣеĿⶼе֮С
ʥˣϢͬХһ㴫ؼ䣬˶ȸϹȥʥ˶ȣȶȻܡȵǻʥ彨ģеҲֻʥ֪ʥ˵õʥͳȻһֱȶȥоԲ򵥡
ǣؼ䲻֪ǿ߶ȶȥܶʯֱȶȥĽһǵĿⶼʥȥȻͲԼˡ
ʥ˵Ϣѹס㻪˵Ϣ˶ʥʲôˣĵһˡĴˣǲҲܳΪĵһˣ뵽ֿܣ˭ƽ
ңʥĴˣǲҲǻˣҪǵĻؼ䵽׻жٻˡ
ʥˣûңʥĴˣûаʥĴˣûȵȵĴˡǲǶҪΪ屨ҪΪ屨ûһܰο˯Űɣ
ԣ˶Ŀ⼯е֮УҪʶһʥˡ
ҲЩסˣʥ˹ϵشû֮ܵں֮󣬺Ҳֱȶȥ
ҪдܵĻҲ˺
ҪߣϽסϣԼĸ֮ϡʥ˺пܾǳȥġȻҪȥûе
ϴõЩϢɫҲޱȣؼдҪˡ⽫صĴ¡
Ҫ˵طĴڣܿͻҳΪЩʯﶼ֣ζã
ԣõȷеϢ֮󣬾ȸ˹ȥ
֪ʱݲߣֻܴ֮УҵԴֻﵽֵزһıضá

ΨһȺ˿ҵ㣬Ҳһ鸴ӡ˭Ҳ޷뵽ȻŻݡҶڻ쳣Ĺģǵǻ壬Բ˭㶼쳣Ŀ
οܴܰ۵ݣǸǾηмӡ
ÿ춼µϢȵһܱڿеõ˲ٵĺöȻΪڿȵܣҲ˲١
Ȱʮһһ޴Ҳ˷֣֮޷֮µĹԭ˿ʼƶǳأƻ
ֻС˴ǵľٶôȻıʱڷô˲ֽͣţҲ
ԴԴϵĽ֮ʥĴˡǣûһ˿ĻѪ֮˹ŹֲѣĵҲ˼
õϢʱҲ̲סüͷԷûһ˿Ѫ֮Ҳ֪᲻վڻһߡ
ʥǺҪǶԷĴ֮վһߣǶ˵Īı
˼Щʱ֮УڴһЦϢ
֮еһλʯʥ˷һطһأޱȣһ֮أ֮
Ϣһ֪ҵ˵ĵط
һ㶼⣬ôǿ߸ϹȥڳﲢǺѡ
طڳʱмȥСһأһȻأΪޱȡ󣬵塣
Уһ߾ʬ
ǣղṵ̂ǣһӿУһȺȺ˲Ҫӿ£еĴҲһƿǽһȫĵ·
˲ϵǰУԽУԽеءҪʮֹ˶ͻƣͻƵЩ˸ǲΣգϵĽȥ
˸ȵʱͻȻ͵һȶͻȻһ޴ѷ죬ؼĹȻıѿȴ䣬粻ϱķ籩ϯؼ䣬ǵ֮ء
ľ䣬Ϊ֮֡һЩʵ΢ľ׵ĸʵķ顣
Ⱦ䣬𶯴½˶ܸоﱩĿֲϢϢÿһˡʹԶԶ㣬ܿһɾķâɷâǴһġ
ľ䣬ô½Ϊ֮𶯣ÿһ˶עӰǸȥ


1193 ֮
𶯣½𶯾ˣ˶ȻĿȵķ򣬿ͬ콣һ㼤ľ޴âͬʱ־޴𶯣Ҳ漶ＤȥһɫĶ
Ѿ˵ˣ˼ȥȶʱǿߣӪ޷ġЩδֵ˿̾ȻȻ֡
УвΪ˵Ŀһȵ˳׵ˡʱǲŷ֣Щ˵еȻšϵǿߣԶĶࡣ
еǿ߶ĵλãҲ˱ķ֣۾ĲΡ۾ĲΣ޷ӽĵλãȵĴʱѾ鲼ۣûз޷㡣
֮˶Ŀλãλž޴Ĺâ֣ͬʱż޴⣬ͬҫ۵̫һÿһ˶Ļ𵴡
֮䣬޵еϢ߼ŷ֮䣬˺໥ؼ趯ڴ½κһطܿһĻ
裬ͷ֮Ͻдŵ⣬ЩĵܵشҲЩ˶ͻƿ
ı仯ûмֶãǷͷ˾ʧµֻĵĽ
⣬ҲһȻóѾҳˣѾϽ齨Ĵǰˡ
ոյ䣬¾˴Ŷġ
ģ˿ѾŲٵǿߡо棬Ǻ棬Ϳ壬ǵĻʯǶһϹĴǰĿǰĴš
ڴ֮ϣվһ꣬ȫʣݣӿϢȴֲĶͷϣһڷɣͬڷ֮䣬һɹǣ˰ĵӿ
Щ˸ոոϹǿ꣬Ҳ֪˭ǣ˵Ŀⶼеϡ
ʥվϣվŵİϣ²ȵʮ΢һϹҲ뵽У䣬Ӱ衣
ʥһӡײϵĴϵû뵽Ͻ֮Уһϴ£ϽŸǹâǣϽϣҲһۼЩۼ̳ģߣͬ
ǿ߶һĻסûһ˿췢Ƕʥˡ
ӿȫϽ鹹ϽʱǾ֪ȵܡȻʥ˶ϤַӦط
˶ҪطʲôܡȻЩҲ²⵽ĳֿܡ棬Ǻ̲סҪǵĲ²Ļǡ
뵽⣬ǵĿȵĶǰʥһӡ
֮֮ʥ޺ۣʥ֮
ʥȻ󺰣֮䣬һɫƬ֮мɫƬʱһ治ѵĵӿ
ɫƬǺ̲סһȻĶһĻɴ۾Ŀʥ˵ʥ֮찡ʥ֮ѵʥǸ˵Ѳģ嵱桭
Ǻ˶Բ۾Ȼ֪ʥ֮Ĵ˵ǣҲֻǴ˵ѡû˵õ֤ʵȴû뵽ļóʥ֮š
ѵĴ˵ģϽ֮ʥųԽʥ߲εֶΣ
һ뵽ֿܣǺ漸嶼̲סҪǻⲻŵĻ֮ǰĻɾʧһɶˡ
ʥ֮ʥأ
仰һƬȻۿϽšе𺳿֪һȻǻʥءΪʥ壬ʥһֱصģϹŶû֪ʥǣ֮Ȼǻʥء
˵͵˵ģ͵㣬Ϊ֮ɡΪ֪ͨϢƽ
ʥ˵֮䣬ͻȻһƿƿмɺѪҺЩѪҺŴ
ʥѪѪҺΪ֮զ಻ѣѪҺƷҲǴ۾ľѪֻǣʲô
˵ɻУʥ˱ľѪʥ֮ϣһš
ʥ֮棬ʱɹââǼ䣬ҲڷɣӴŶʱӿֳһѷ졣
ѷ֣˴ϲ
ˣˣҪˣ
˷ܲѣһȻĿһĻ𺳲һ鼤һ壬Ҫʥʥ֮С
ǣǵĸûмֶãʥ֮ϵľѪȴͻȻȼʧһɶʥ֮Ҳ޹⡣ϳֵѷȻʧͬʱһǿķֱ֮Ӻʥϡ
͡
ʹʥ˵ľʵǱĵɳȥӿһѪҺҷϣձҳһƬڶ뿪ϽźϽűĹâ˲ʧָ֮ǰģ
㶣Ǵ֮ɫһȺ̲סüͷ
ʥ˴£һѪҺٴ˳ɫ԰ףǰϽţҲĹâ漴̲סЦһ
վǻˣʹϴлʥѪҲ޷ɻؽȥͬʱʥ֮Ҳֻܿһѷѡ뵽⣬ʥ˲ɿһעĻʯһֱûжκ˵һ仰ͻȻ˵벻У
һ仰һʯȻĿڼ֮ƽǺЦոʧˣѵֶβɣ
ʥ˶һȺˣ漴˵Ӧ֪ʲôطʥ֪֮ЩӵСҪ뿪طͱҪʥ֮Ҫ룬ͻȥúõ˼
˵⣬ʥ˵˵ǶϹŵǸ˵Ҳ˵ҾͿԸǣģξǾˡ
˵꣬ʥӰһƬӰʧ˵С
µĻȴһɴ۾𶯣һȺ˸Խȭͷ
Ǹ˵Ȼģ
ѵĿԴﵽֵز𣿡
˶ƽҪĻЩϼһ¶֡˵Ѿûʲô׷ˡ׷ĲǸߵľ硣ڣȴǿܡ
˶֪ϢȥĴʲôϢû˭ӡЩ¶סˣҲˡǵô꣬Ϊ
һȺ鸴ӣǲ֪ϢȥŶı䶯Ψһȷǣ½ĸҪˣҲҪױˡ


1194 
ȵܿʹ½ʥʥصջΪ֮
ͬǣʥҲǵһߵ˵С֮ǰʹڵĺܶ˶֪ʥʲô籩ϯ֪ܿʥǳԽͨһ硣
ʥǿʥҪǿĴڡʥǵʥ׷߾硣껪ʧпܺʥйϵ
ʥϢؼһƬȻ֮ǰһֱΪʥؼǿĴڡǣȻгԽľ硣ңʥΪʵ󽵡
ʱʥʥ֮УпܲʥϢ˭֮ܵ
Щǿ߷׷׳һĹ壬Ҳ¶ǵצȻ۶ȥ
Ȼ۶ȥͬʱؼƿߣȻҲƵ߶УǺߵΪƵ
ͬʱʥ˵㼣ҲϳڸأŹʥˡ
һ£ͺһ˶ңһжδ֪
֣˵һ¡ǵĿⶼȥҲû˭鷳ˣܽȡһʱ䡣϶Ц
˵ͷô˵⻪ʥرǵǣвʡ
ЦǵδأҲʥ˳ˣҲԣ㲻õģʥڣʥôܴ򿪵ģ
᫵ͷؿ˵ԣ˿ֻҪͿԣҪܴﵽͨҲˡ
һ᫿Ц֮ѣ۴˿̶мԶľ롣
ЦЦûм˵⣬ǿź˵˴־壬ȻܿΪΪѵﵽ־磿
ҡҡͷһ㣡ҺµȫںϺܴﵽ־ɡҲֻǿܶѡ
᫿һۺϣ漴Ц˭뵽øӵңʥҪȫںϣ˵ܽͻƣﵽǸΡ
ϵͷֻȻֻǲһ㣬һȴںϡҪûкʵһ޷ﵽˡ
Ҳˣ룬˿ܱʵѾ㵱ˣ˵ֻǣȴͣҪٽһ̤һҲ˶ԴңΪʥ֮ˣҲ״⡣
ҡҡͷҾ͸㣬ڹ߳һƫƫšʱӦף޿߳һɡ
᫿ЦΪͻƣȴû뵽ԽԽԶˡȻʵӣȴԶ߲һˡ
Щǿã룬Ѿ˸ˡһһң뻹ܴȥ
ǺܵİҪûʥҵʵСˡǣʥһħϹʱڵħҲҪˡϹŵħпܳ߳һĴڡǵʥ˶ɱһʲô˵
Ǻǣ㵣ĵЩ࣡Щڣôܰҷϡң֪ʥ壬㲻ܵǰȥҲɱ㣬˿̵㣬ֵЩ˿һۡЦ
ҡҡͷˣֻһʥ壬ǲܲ⡣ϣֵ̫ˡ磬ʥǻʥأ֣ǾȻ
˵⣬᫳Ĭһּź˵ʥ֮Ĵ˵Ҳ˵Ҫģǡ
ҲĬʥ֮ͨʥ֮·ӣӵⶫſܽӴʥֻ˶ûС
ǰҪⶫĻΪˣӦȻ̾һⶫҲıﶼһſõ֣

᫺ͺ̸ЩʱΨȴŻŵܽ
Ψˣһɫ˱䡣Ψһأ㷢ʲô鶼侲ھȻҳüѡ
ڣˣΨɫ԰ףǾ֡
ϺжʱŲõԤУΨ˵ʲô飿
Ŵ󲿶ڣҪĨƽΨĲҰ׵Ļش
仰᫺һǺ۸ɣҵҪ˭£٣ɱپǡ
᫵ĻûΨɫÿһЩȻĿ˵棡ɣ
ţüΨôˣʲôʱôˣ
Ψһ˵˴ǰĴ󲿶Ӳһ壬һǰġĿ壬Ǻ壬о壬Ϳ塭ȵ壬ÿһʥų޵Ĺ嶼ǰǵԴǰΨ˵֮ɫѵ㡣
仰˵꣬ϺɫҲ䡣壬Ǻ壬Ϳ壬塭ÿһ嶼Ȼÿһ涼ǺһĴڣܵǿǡǺǰĻܵס
ɫҲ֪ҾԲöԷӪֻһܣǳǰģ
ֵôɻѣȻʥݣҲֵ˴İ
֮Ĺһǰؼκһס㻹ûôļֵǳôնɱ
Ҳüͷɻ󲻽⣺飬߰ɣȥÿ˭Ҫվʥ棬жٵˡ
Ҳ֪ԷˣǱܲˣһҲͺһ
һȺ˸ϵұԵʱÿƺƵĴ󲿶ӣҲŶˣЩ˴˷Χҳ׵ıΧġ
ƺƵĴ󲿶ŲٵĹ壬һۿȥͷŲʮ塣
Ϊ׵Ǻ棬;һȺ˿첽ĸϹվ˺Ϻ᫵Ķ档
ҵһɫ԰ǰѹһĴ󲿶ӣ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
᫿߳˵߰˸ʯһ˵ǵĿңΪҾȻô塣ôҵʥ˲ɣֵ󶯸ɸꣿ
վЦһֵˣ˴ǰϷֻҪҪһˡ㽻ҪȻ̤ƽҡ
ôĿŲȥ塣ŭˣվ
ϵĻþɫļΪѿһĶź˵˴ľˣϷҪ㻹ס𣿡
˵꣬Ȼıδ֣ͱԱߵļΪʯסǺǺȵס֣˴㹫ǰȥæģɲ֣



1195 ʥ
汻ȳ⣬Ҫʲô顣һҲû˵ʲôؿȴɻĶһۣ֪Ҫʲôæ
ʥڲڣھǺ˺ȳ䣬һȴȻһߴһȺ˵߳
һվǺ˶ͣ˺ȳ⣬һƬžʹһȺ˶Ŀ⾴ηĿˣ¶֮ɫ
Ȼûһ˿ϢɢǺϺɫȴȻһ䡣˴ˣȴԼȫ͸ԷڶԷϸоһֵϢ
ⷢ˶һۣ˶Էеľ֮ɫرǾһȺ˵̬ȣúϺж˼
˭ٴ˵һȴŲɵɢ·صƵģҺܶ˵Ŀⶼ鲻ԽĿ㡣
üͷҲߵĹŹ֣޿ɱܣ̤߳һ˵ڴˣ֪ǰҪʲôôӪֻΪɱɡ
ʮ㣬ŰĻĿȻ㣬Ŀϣоһ޷ƥеѹѹǶ£㼸Ҫڵϡ
ɫҰ׵ҧס壬վԭأת֮򣬵ֵѹŸоǿܿסֻȫ亹ϵð
壬治͵˵䣬оǹѹʧһɶ
Ȼи˶оҪƵģȴ𺳲ѡһ۾Լˣߵʵ޷Ҫ֪Լݵˡ
ǰֶΣһ֪ǰǺˣ
ﲻС䣬ֻǺϺ᫶ûˡ
ҲԼ˭ˣô꣬Ҳ˯ô꣬Ķˡ͵ȴû뵽ʥĻӦһ졣һѹͷڣΪһ졣
ǰ˵ĻֻҪ֪ǰôӪҪɱҪ˵Ļ붯֡㿴ŶԷ˵˶һɱˣ˵Ҳһ
㲻߶㣬ȴž¶
ӻݱ¶һ𣬾Ѿû׼Ȼ£Ҫı䲻ˣʲôµģ㿴鵭Ȼ
ҡҡͷȴǴʱңʱֻǲǻúõı㣬˭Ҳ޷ڴʱ㡣
仰ͺϵ˶ü˼ʲô
˵ô꣬Ϊ˵ȵʥʥصĳ֣ȴʥΪ˶ȹ˲֪ĳ˯ڵӣΪľһ졣
˵⣬߶˶ټ˵ֻһʥˣҪʥʥأֻ˭Ψ㲻
һ仰úϺ᫵ɴ۾һȻĿ㡣ʱΪʲôԷӪˡԭʥʥֻܿ
Ϣˣ֪ʲôϵʥҪ벽ʥͱҪæҪȻ˭Ҳò껪µʥ
ļֵ޷ֻҪһûпʥأƶء
Ͽ㣬𺳵ͬʱ־Ȼǻʥأֻлпܿǵط
ڳĬ֮ͻȻĴЦЦأԭˣҵλôͻȻôˡԭʥֻܿǲ˵£ҲĲƸ֮䣬˶ңҪԸ⣬ڶǿ߿ɫ£
ĿֱֱĶߣʵﵽε˵ʥջûܵסջ󡣶˵ٽһ׷
͵ߵ˵ͷ˵˵ûֻҪ̫֣ǶӦ㡣ֻҪܿʥأ
һΪľٽһܵõʥ뵽ַǷĲΡɱʥ壬ֻΪʥԴľǶǿߵʥʥ
ʥʥȥһȺ˾ͿʼƣȻƻ壬һɱʥ塣һУΪʥΪнûܵסջ
߲֪˶꣬ԭӦȥģʹʵҲסµʴΪʥϧԼĴͨԼӡ޾ĳ˯ͺڰС
Ǽ尾ģΪʥˡҲ˱ܿµʴڡʥԵʱ⽫Ļᣬܵõʥ೤ΪؼеһжҪѭԸ¡
һʲô̬̲סڽ޵е˵ֻܴġ
ңߺֶλһֶͬλ˿ǻûѣϢһ˶Ҳѡ
أΧʥΧ㡣ԣֻҪǻᣬҲԸ⸶һЩۡ
Ҫ֪ǰ˭㶢͵ˣѯʵ
ҡҡͷԼ˭ôȥˡֻǵϹʱڣǽҽʥߣ
ûʲôӰ죬ֻ𺳶ԷȻ˵ϹŶ
ǺϺȴԲ۾ŵĿߣ֮ɫ
ʥߣϹŶǿ֮һʥ˾൱ΪͨߣΧɱʥʥһսΪ
з˾ξˣϹǿ֮һȻȲʥˣǾȴʥ൱̤һߵ˴ͨ޵ǿߡ
޵У֮û˭ܳԽһСˡɱˣҲε˹ƻġĸ𣬺ǰĪĹϵ
ϳĬˣû뵽Щ˾ȻšֶΣµ˭ܵסϲףС˴ͨߵĿֲǾȻԼķǷֶΣĻ˴˿̣
Ȼʥ߻ţǵϹЩأǲҲţ
뵽ֿܣ̲סͷƤҪ˵Ļǡ
벻ʱô֪꣬𡣡߿һۺϣ漴˵ңʥϢ֪ʲôˣߣ
ûлشߣǿŶԷʵǵɱʥΪʥ˿̳ҲΪʥ
֮䣬ȥʥʲôǵģΪСΪ˾ǣĻǶˣһܷʲôˣҪģٽһʥĲζѡҪģԷ˵ʥǷǷ壬ܴ֮ʥҲܹͨص㵽ħҲ㵽һʥĳ


1196 в
ϵĽҲĬˣǰҲƽǻһףǣ˾ҪҲĶ
Ѿˣվص۷壬ֻʥĵ׵ĲȻǾΪ˵ȴһ
ʥ˱嶼ܹʥĶݣһܱȵʥ壡干ʵʥ߿˵ǳݺ;η֮ɫ˵ʥʱҲ쳣Ĺ
һЦǻǱȺǸɱˣ
ĻͲûзŭ壡ǣҪѡ廹ͬѡûܵסʥջ֮ϵĴڣ⽫飬ջûһнܵסҲܣʥҲܣʥʥУȥɱʥ壬ûбİ취
˵ĴȻ㿴ŶԷ˵ͲӦý̵طӦūǡҲôҰġ
û˶ҡҡͷЩ޷ͷˣʥվˣµĲһ˶ѡ
Ͳһʥʥĳ𣿡㿴ŶԷ˵նݳɱˣǻᰲһЩ
ҡҡͷʥǶɱܷʲôڱ˵ѾûʲôˣʱʥѾǰʥˡУֻпʥصļֵı⡣
仰Ȼȴ֪ʵͱﲻͬ׷ͬҪʥݻܸ峤һȺĻڽȴʲôˡﵽͽһľ磬ͲŻ
Ҫǲȥʥˣǻ㿴ŶԷ˵
ûоܾĻᣬǰˣа취һȥͶ˵
ҲδأҪˣǵʥҲ㶢ŶԷһ˵Ҳ¸ǣֻһʥˡ
Ͷ˵ˡ
ЦЦҳǿǰͬϡһӵѰȷһܵס𣿺οҪǲϣȷһܿʥ𣿡
仰ҲĬȻ֪ҪǶԷִѰĻȷʵûоԵס
ĿϣûԸҲһ˵ɣ˵βܰҵȿʥأ
ЦˣŽ˵ʥʹ죡ȻԸܻȥõģ
仰͵ͷ˵ģǻ㡣ֻҲҪͱˡңҲԸɱ㣬ҡ
ЦȻʥ嶼𣬺οһң˵ѡĻȻԸҲϣһĺúõģֻʥ鲻õһЩôλ
˵⣬˶٣ϵűʵ̫ˣ˿ǲԸɱҡǿʥ֮أڳʮžŸҪɱˡ
Ͳɷãǵ뷨Ҳˣ˵ǡ
չһЦĿ⿴档Ŀ⿴ʱŲõԤȻ˵˺㣬һֱҪڤˮⶫ˵ģҪûⶫʴһѡҲûʲôµģ
һ仰˲˵Ŀ⿴Ӫɫ䣬ȫõľ峤Ǳŭ㣡浱Լһ飬Ϊ㲻ӦǾͲɱ㲻ɣ
ĵĿһ˵ҪǱ˵⻰м˵仰ÿЦһ°ܽѣҲвң
㡭峤ŭ㣬㣡ҪԼΪΪΪҵκβһŲű۴˿̾ȥ
ĵĿ˶Էһ˵ȥԣҪ˰󣬱ʾҲڤˮ飬ҴӦʥءҪˣͰѾڤˮΣ
峤Цܵˡ֮ǰжвʣ˿˼ңŭ˵Ļ
˵꣬峤Ӱһķͼȥ֪ǿĲǻ֮׼۶ûУ˭ܵס
һѣ˾ˣ
㿴ž峤뿪Ҳû⡣ȻڣҲǾ峤ġʹǴۣ
ΣҾڤˮ˵ģҪȻһжҪ̸ˣ㿴žͽ͡
ԣ͵Ļش
ʥߣɫ䣬
ǽȴûǺʱҲǺЦǾڤˮѣΣҪܵõʥʲô
ǰǰ棬͸ɣⶫֻУΪʥͰæɣ
ԣⶫԸ⿪ʥأʱʥصĶֲЩˡ

һ仰ûþѪⲻǵĶȻԸ׳ˡǣһģ֪ڤˮýˡЩһȰҪӦĻЩ˿϶رǽʥߣΪʥ˭ǰ棬סʥ˭ĳˡ
Ȼʣֻҧʹ˵ԣ
ЦǾͶлˣ湻󷽵ģ
һ仰þ۾ЩŤ
㻹ʲôҪ󣿡ƽĿ˵
ĿڿϣЦ˵һʥҺˮܴ壬ԴҲЧʶⶫȤҪǿԸĻҿʼʥصʱҲжġ
룡ŭеʥӶ᲻ãø㡣
ո˵仰ôܷ׾ڤˮͲܹ׿ˮ𣿡
棬͸ɣⶫҲã

Ϳһۿ棬漴ͷԣ
Ȼʣȴ˵ʲôˣֻǿޱȡ
ӶԷĿ⿴ͿϣͿдʯҺⶫŶЧϴʣ峤ǿ˲֮
ͿɫʱҲЩ˵ķӦĿ⿴ǺϣǺһʥƷ׷ǺףŴá֮¶Եס

һ仰˵˴ǰΪΧÿһ壬㶼ԷеıÿһֱﶼԴÿһ˶ɫ䣬ͷ۲ѡ
һŭ㣬޲ðˣǵֱӡ˵ıﶼһ֮ЦҪӵЩáʥʲôĲڻ¡ȻҪǵòҶ⿪ʥص飬Ҳˡ
ввȻǽᣬҪЩ˶թһ飡


1197 ս
벻ǣ㿴һȺ˵˵λɣ
Ǻ濴һ̬ð𣬶ŭ˵ΪǶԸŲϷ壬кйϵ˶ɱˡҵҪʱǲǻôǿƣ
ͻȻЦˣǺ˵㲻ҪңҪʥأҪһۣΪǵūɣһѣ嶼ˣʴ˲ǵĺ󳾶ѡ
㡭Ǻŭ˵ʲôȴס
Ͷ˵ʥķǱһģҲҪҵҲȲ㡣ֻ֪ǣЩǲԸ⿪ʥأ
ȻܲȻԸ㿴Ž˵Ҫ˵ĶǶóĻҿǿʥء
͵ͷ˵ʥǵЩҲ㲻ãϷһΣʥأ˵ܵõࡣ
͵Ļ˳ĬǺסͿɲǾܾˣʹͨ뷨˿ɣҪǲӦĻЩ˻Գ㡣
ңеЩϼһҲʥڴ˵ͽһѡ񡣶˵лõʥҪġ
ǺһȺҧݣڴбĳһʣɫŤԣ
ǺĻЦǾͶлλˣ
ߣŤͷҲûĻ
ûǵŭ𣬿Ž˵ʵ̫ʾѡȻӵʥѪǶѪƿػԶڲȥʥء
ʲô˼ˣ𣿡Ǻ˲䱩ŭŭ㡣
ûԷ˵ʵ̫΢ĩҪ취һЩʵԱҪȻһʥؾͱɱˡΪʲôҪȥԣʱҪʵ
ʵҪã
صĻԱ֮Цǿ϶ҲȲôãǾһɡ
üͷ˵һʱ㲻ʲôǣʥǰ̵סһꣿ
ҡͷ꣡ʱ䣡
ʼ磬Ҳν˵Ȼʥ߿ˣҾ͸ΣͰֻ꣡Ҫʥһŵ
˵Ϳ˵
Ҫɱʵ̫࣬뵽һ¡ǺһȺǵңȫûб֤ҪһСٴŭҪɱô죿ҿɵסǣŽ˵
ҡҡͷûпʥ֮ǰǾ԰ȫģû˭ɱ㡣˭ɱ㣬ȫ塣Ҹĳŵ˰ɣ
ǰʹ죡ǾͶлǰˣЦˣǰͰɡ
Ŀ⿴ǺһȺˣǱ㿴ķëֲʱȫżë⣬ʥؿ֮ǰܶԸĺܣ˵ǼΪġ
һȺ˲ʱһƬǿȴȻ˺ѿռӰ
Ӱһ֣Ϊ֮һ㶣رǿΪ׵ʱɫǹŹ֡
յǾ峤˿ȫǱɫҰףѪʣϢңḡȻܵشӴܣȴһ׷һŮŮ趯еֲâ׷ɱ
Ůԭ׷գǿǰ޴ӪҲ̲סһȻֹͣȻĿǰǰӪ𺳲
峤Ȼٴαشˣ㶵Ŀž峤֮ǰҪİ󣬿ȴشģǱһ·׷ɱ˿ž峤˼ּЦζ֮ɫ
һõĴۣȻαͷģﻹһ˿Ĵ۷緶
ȻҲľǿƣȻܵס۵Χⰵ׼۶ûУģ
㿴žվֺ
ʱŷ㣬Ȼоȣɻǿ첽ߵߣдɻѯ֮ɫ㡣
ûлشǼЦ峤˵΢ĩʵҲԿ󣬼ֱǳ롣ٽһﵽͨ˵ɡǣûˡ
һ仰ľ峤ɫǺ죬ŭ㡣뵽ȻĴ󣬱鲼ɱҲˣ۵ʵͬɱ󡣵û뵽ǣԷŹ󣬶һĹȻΪɵĹ󣬱֪
Ϊ۵֮ĹҲشˡҲˣֳһ·׷ɱشмܣֻ
Ϳһ۾峤ʤû̫Ȥӻþ¾峤˵ǵ˵Ļ֮һǰʥءȻʱҲԾܾʱϷ򲻻ô˵Һейϵˣ塣
һ¶˼ɫģ˵˰֮ǰֻ֮ϣҲ塣
͵õĳŵ˻֣߰ɣʱ䣬ҶɣĶԹȿʥ˵
˵˵ͷѾôĴۣȻʱȥ㡣
ϿŽӰãȻغʥ
ţü˵ʱ
ֱֱĶŽ˵ʥΪ۷ǿߣʥ岻֮ʱɳ޵СţҪһ½ʥ߸С
һ仰һƬȻ˸ǵ۾з˾ξˡ
ʲôˣؼǿ֮һΪͨߣܴ֮ﵽ۷壡޵дڣȥͬȼ˭ܺͽͽ档
ǺϾȻҪ֣ʲô˼ѵ߳һ˴ͨĲΣǣⲻܰ
Ҳð˾⣬ֱֱĶźϣĿͬһƶ
̽һ֮󣬽Ͳҡҡͷ̾Ϣ㲻ͨϷ֣֮
˴һؿû߳һ
ؿȴЦȻδͨѾ벽̤ǸˡͽʾսۡҲԣܲܺʹͨ֡
Ϳһۺؿ񣬼ؿսȻ˵ܾ
ֺξ壡ؿŽ˵
û˵̤գӰ磬һ˲ʧ˵С
ϼ״Ӱ׷ȥ
һȺ˼״һۣҲӰٵ׷ȥȻٶǴӦ˺ؿֻǣǵʵطʩչֽŶѣֻеһʵĵطܷſֽһս
Ҳ̲סһҲȥ
ؿսͨΪ֮ս


1198 ֺ
Ϻһֶǿ߶뿪ȻȻľɢˡΧҺƺƵĴ󲿶ӾɢˣҲҴȥҲҴңһָһƬƽ
Ϻͽͽս⼫֮ȻҲȥʶĽ־ܹۿġ
Ϻͽ͵Ľ֣ҲֻЩʯܼʶ᫵ڣ˶ǰҪĿһս
ҪսϢ½˵Ŀⶼ⡣
Ȼ˵һ仰Ҳܿ촫˳ȥԺϺֱûΪ͵ĻǿЦʲôˣľǿߣվ۷ʥһȺ˽޵дڣ˵Ļͬһ㣬١
ԣڶ˶̲ס̾ϢΪŵһˣһ档ǣͣȴòˡ
Ҫ֪ĲǺܵסͶУԴҶȴŸȴǴϢ
һȾ죬û˳ֱ֡ʱ򣬾Ŵ߳ܶΧȥѯžϸڡ
Ǿһûлش𣬻صе˾ڤˮ͵ҡ
ǺҲҲûлش˵ĺѯʣ˵˱չذ֮Ҳ˰ǺʥƷȥҡ
滺Ĵ߳ںϺͽ֮սϸڱտڲ̸
˹Źֲѣʲô˼ؿûѵؿͽʹ첻ɣ
òз˾ξˣһ۷ǿдҹͺؿʵǿŵһ˵ô̬ɣ
ؿٳûг֣ˣ겻ѡ
ڵ󶼲ϵӰӣҲ岻ѣʱ˹涼ˣ᫶ˡѾϵټ
̲סѲɺѾ˲ɣ
뵽ֿܣ۾Ѫˡһ·϶İͺϵĸ֮
ؿ˵ã᫼Ѫ۾Ҵҵ˵ôһ֮Ҳչ
һ仰㶣Ҫ׷ʵʱȴѾ뿪ˣ㲻仰˼ʲô
ɻʱ򣬽ȴˡ͵˶ʱԽͳʱһǱɫһƬ࣬ѿ¡
Ϣʱؼ䣬з˾ξˡ
ʲô˼ѵûɱ˺ؿ񣿡
пܣҪɱ˺ؿΪʲôɫ
찡ôܣؿȻͽͽ֮ӵ
ŵһˣô˵𣿡

Ϊ֮𶯣ľϵʵһսǲǴؿźʹֵͨĿܣ
ͨʲôؿȻкͶԷаʵѵؿҲͨɣ
ǺִܿһϢ˵ؿֻһֻ̤ͨҲ˵ؿδͨսͨ
˵һΪ֮𶯡ȿֲսֻд˵еʥŴﵽ

֪ϢʱҲһңʥ壬ֻҪûǾͲ̫⡣Ҳ׵ķ
һս֮󣬽Ҳչزؼָƽӵƽ˶ףƽֻʱģ֪֮󣬶ȻǾδдĿ籩ꡣ
ƽУΧҵĸ壬һıﶼ͵СһıΨĵ۾ðųȵĹâ
ÿһǸԴеʥӶ᲻öãȴ
ûйЩֱӰЩ㣬˵һ׼뿪ҡ
Ҫ뿪ĸеģ֪вȫ
ȴЦҪ˵ȫûκһʱ̱ڻȫġڵңֻҪ˼ҵĹ壬˭ҲҶҡȻĻᣬúþ˷ˡ
һ㶣ܿ仰˼ʥʥֻܿͬľеϣϡȻῴʥؿǰ˿վŵжʥˡ
ıֻҪҪƵıûл·˭ҲôҪİȫ
˵˿ȫġ
ҪȥΨ㡣
¶׵ݣչһЦ˵ʥصķ羰ȥһ¡ԴҶûгԹýá
һ仰ΨͷƤ顣̲סΪ嵣ƻ̹˴δǺ˼ҹʥֻᰲ֣
Ҫңһˣֻȥݷһ㵱ȥǿɣܲĿսһȺˣдŲϲ֮ɫ
Ļս̲סһѾĲǿйˡȻ޳ܵ˵Լࣿ
û㣬֪԰ȫǣɢȥԼ顣
㿴ŸոջֵѾûӰ̲סһֻȥ۹ģǾȻţ
˸֮ӰȥľϽܵϽĻ壬ܵȥû˿ĿֱԷʥضȥ
ȥʱܴģԼʵմ󺰵㣬ƷУƷˣ쿪ӭҡ
ؼ䣬޲κһ˶֪ȥ˻塣
Ȼȥǵʥأȴôֱ࣬Ӳȥﵲס㣬ֱӴȥ
峤ŭԾ֮Ҫȥ
ǻ峤ĴлûʩչͿʼɱˣҪɱˣҪɱʥһˣҪ˴ҵĴ£Ҫʥؿˡ
ҪˣҪˣУҪˣ
ôɱңɱɣҲˣʥҲָˡͣҲسŵҪɱң

һ仰ӻ峤³ûû峤Ѫ޳ܵˡǣЩֹסԼĴС
峤Ҫɱ㣬һԻڴ½ϳĸɾ˿̵һܴı
峤֣Ȼֺ߽˻ʥء
ͷͦأһֺģ峤ЩûѪ˿̵ͬѲеƵģһˣȻʥҫ
ǣƫƫΣǲûгֶԸ㡣ǳҲֵһನϣҲл·ҪƵģͬһͷ
ǾصĲҽǸҼ֣ȥ˵;ľǿߣʱһ鷳
˿ֵһޱֺ̬ߵǵĹʥأߵǹĽأǹʲôȡߣٶȼ죬ضء
ֱĸоûֱҧȴ޿κΣֻĿΪΪ


1199 Ļʾ
һɽһɽܿ𣬴ʵЧʮֺãһжܵõĪôһõطΪأȥһЩлܵ˶뵽Ĵ
ȴôֱ࣬ӱУһأеĻȻЧȲϱˣҲͬʱɽ֮У˳ȡĻ𾧡
޵ֱҧȴ޿κΡֻܿ߻ﳤȥ
ߺ󣬺ܿͽһ塣һȥĴģ±˲֪˹㡣ԸֶΣֱԷʥأŶԷԴ
һĴȻÿһ壬֡˭ҪͼдҪ˵ҾͶң·ܵ˷˵ĴƵģ˿Цãֻͣ˶е
һͣ˳ƶϣֱӴ˼ʥС˼ʥصϴأǵ۹ȣǴʥءŹֱӴȥʲôãҪʲô˸
ⷬٶø޵ֱҧ㵱һ㡣ֻҪһ֣Ǿ͸Ͻմţ嶼ҪչƵġ
ַ籩һӳ̸ɫ䡣һ˵㣬һƿڴ޳ܱɻ쵰ȸֳƺŶϡ
ЩȻȻĴĶУҲΪЩĶ档Щ˵جĿʼ
һ仰ԭ׼ݷһ㣬˲ıгֱ̣ȥ֮УԷʥأʲôҪʲô
ĿɿڴǣȻʥһķֱӰڳûзĹȻȻݡҲͰˣڹһݣְѷһߣ˵ֲ̫ϲˡ
ûѪѵڷʱͲ֪
˷ְʥصĲľһ飬ԺϲЩݣҪ׽һǣĴݲùֱҧȴ޿κΡ
ʥѪз֮˭ҶԸ
ԸĿ壬ֱҧҲɻΪʲôǹ壬ǹ£ȮȻǹ󣬵ڹҲֻǿ۵Ķȡ߶ѡ
ɻУڷΪ
Ƶûа취ǡֻǰ佱ӣʥˣˣ˴ˡȵȸŲϵĿ佱㣬£ֹͣƻЦеĶ֮Ĵָ۹⣡
˵仰֮ﳤȥ
ﳤȥһƬǽУЦãһһ׵㡣
ܸĵװʺǧٱǼȴòЦӭϣԸֶĵĻ㡣
һĻңҵĿɿڴһ̲סָҿ쵰޳ܣ
޷ڸ壬˳ȡǵĸֱ廹ҪΪ˿佱ôһ龰ֻҪ룬شͬʱ̲סֶ̾ΣƤ
ڸУŸԴʵҲӣﵽʾĶ壬ֻһܴﵽĻʾ

عһ˰ô壬˸Դδͻʾ̲סզ಻ѣͻһδ̫ˡҪǱߣ߸壬ż
˶ԴĴͻһʲôȴδͻƣ̲סܼˣҪǰøͻƵ֮
ڸоԼһҪͻƵĻʾֱ֮ȥڿõ˿ҺǴʥҺʥҺʹԴ۶ЧʥҺڿһʹЧá
˿ʥѪзȻŹֱȥ
ǰȻϲҪǰʥصһʱ峤ǰ峤ӦҲ㡣˳ģУôǹ塣
ȻһЩڷйǿôϣ޴ˡ
⣬Ǹֱ⽻ɵģнȻеķâиͷĺ⽻һγ˿һ档ҺЩ֮⣬Ȼ塣
ֻһܴﵽĻʾ㣬ҲſҺ뵽ĻʾﵽĻʾǻһԽĽΣҲԷĵĿʼɴǺõʥƷס
뵽ǺʥƷףо̲סЩȡЧģȫĻ֪׶ܳɳʲôز
뵽ʥأ͸о⣬ȡĿҺҺ˺Ȼı֮⣬֮ϣʱͬǧѱڷĴ塣
ִʹģʹǿȣִ¶ʹޱȡ屻ͨޱȣ屻ЩѪͺס
ĴЧҲǼǿģǿڲϵӣĻʾƿҲһٸͻơʮԴ͵ٽ㣬˿ſҺ뵽ĻʾҲˮˡ
֪Բûо֣㾪ȵӿķ׭Щ׭Ա֮䣬ʼйĿʼ
׭ֳԴ̣⣬һϦ֮ϲƵط׭ͷʮַ
˿̣Щ׭ȴʼֱ仯ʲô˼Լǿʵı仯ڣĵ忪ʼŴɵĵȥ
Ȼʱɵ廹в̵ľ룬Ѿ߳˵һ
׭Ľڣǿ𽥵ɱ䣬޾Ҳϵ뵽Ѫ֮СӵŤתʼû˵еһһ
̬õ˸ǿĴ˿̵㣬׼۵ҲȲҪǴ۷ﵽ˴Բֱƴˡ
ϵķ׭ڣ֮䣬Ļûͼͼɽӣʶİѻͼ͹Ŷͼ໥ϣҲӿһɼΪǿѹ֮
ѹ֮͹ŶһޣɡҪԼܰѹŶķ׭׵۳ԼǲҲһŶҲйŶЧ
ŶΪֹ͸ʩչŶӿɽӷ׭֮ȴֲ쳣ıͨѶã㾪ġ
ڿĽطŶԷŨԪ˿˿ʵ𽥵֮ľҲͣĻʾϡ


1200 ٻ֮
㵽Ļʾ֮󣬲ûٳ̸߾硣ʹһ˽ʥƷףȴЦҡҡͷ
֪㲻ʱҪȥʥأʱǾԾܾ˵ģڸʥأ˾ͻɱˡϾ̫ˡ
ʥƷǿֲĶڱ˵޷áȴ׵ЧҪܽʥƷͻƣһٴﵽ֮ʱҪԸҲԱ֮
˿̾սۣﵽۣдĶ֣
ԣ˶ڴʥƷףҪʥƷܴ֮ﵽ־硣
ǣȴǲͬûʥƷ׵˼żȥ壬ʱĺ֪
Ψһ˿ЦãⶼʲôʱˣȻ˼绨ѩ¡
½ƽ˵ĿȴûдƿﵽĻʾϢܿʹ˴½ǿߵĶС˶Ϊ֮զ಻ѣﵽĻʾʵһΣ˿սۣ²ϴôˡ
ҪٽһΣﵽʾ׼ۡܲѪ֮սˡȻȻ뵽ǺʥƷףҪȫֻﵽ־磬֪᲻ﵽۣ
뵽ֿܣڴĿ⼯еϡ
ЩĿ⼯еϵʱ򣬴½ȴͻȻûϢ½ǿ߿ʼѰ㣬ȴָҲټ
Ϊ֮ľʵȻȺ۵ĻͻȻʧǺεȵֶΣ
ڴ½Ϊʧ𶯵ʱȴСٻ˵û²Ҫ񹬣ȴᵱһ顣ֱ񹬣ԭչصٻ㲻ò
㿴ǰ浾Ȼ°Ůӣվ㼴ʹսۣǰĻҪ֮УеĸΪޣͬ¹һϾ
ӦýͷöŶԣٻ仰¶̬ȣĲ
㵱ûʼ޹ĵҲ֪ˮ֮аȻˣΪѣ㲻Ӧøһο
˵꣬־ٻ㱧˹ȥװһģ·ܵίƵġ
ٻȭͷȭͷûһ촽Ů˶еĽ᣺ˮӦú͸˵ǻԴʾġ
ڨڨЦû뵽Ը飬ȻٻҲ˵ˣó̼
ƤȻᱻٻ̼νʼҲգ֪㲻ˣΪѣһӵѵµļ֮ˡ
˭㼡֮ףٻɫ糺죬һ㣬˵˵
оУ㻹˵ʵˣѵ֪ҵ𣿳ֱǱ˵ġ㵽ȥʡܲĶٻ˵
ٻ仰̲סһȻ֪屻ƵԸֶĵĻ
ٻ㻹ûиһӵ˼̾һˣ֮ǰǵøһӵȴȡĪڴˡ
ٻ仰һ˵˵˵ûһ죬˵ʲôģ
˭֪ˣҵ⣬ʥؿֵûˡ¾ҪɱˣʱǾ޷ټˡЦ˵Ȼޱȣ·˵һ޹صƵġ
ٻɫҲЩû˵ʲôߵǰſֱۣӵס㣬ܸоϵܰ˱ǣöġ
һҪúõĻţһֱ㶼ʮֽôѵĻУ㶼ߵ룬εļҲһܶȹġ
㣡㣡
ԭҪռռٻıˣٻһĶˣסٻ㣬һ˾Ȼѵõû˼ıٻ㣬ķ·һȫĳ
΢΢ͷٻżֵ䣬ЦΪһȥҪҵҶҪһͲõˣ˵һֱҶǽһһֱȥġ
һ仰ٻչһЦЦݾĴҡ
ٻûк˵⣬˵֪ΪնģҲ֪ҪƷ㶼ˡ
ЦΣܶ𣿡
ٻˣҲ̲ס̾һ֪ʲô˼ڿʥ֮ǰյˡҪȻô֪ԼڱչҲҪԼҲóڰʥؿûһģѾԼ㡣ԲôΪտǡ
ٻ̾һӦú˿Ҷ񾳲ȫңҲǲǰȥѯʹҪɱ֮Ǵﵽ֮ȥ֮ЧáɹҲӡ
ҾԼûʱ䡣ٻ˵վûԼ뷨ֱӶٻ˵
ٻĬһ֮Ŷ˵ջӦΪɱ֮Ҷյ˽⣡Ҫ֪Ҫʲô϶ŻŻҽɱ֮ҪȻԸԼħΪɱ¾¡
𣬴˿ǲ֪½ϢҲ˵δ֪˿Ȱɱ֮˵㿴ٻ˵
ٻҡҡͷ˿ֿԣһʵգΪҲһӺҡ
㡭ҲЩˣŭĿٻ㡣
ٻ㱻˿Ϊ⣬浾˵㲻ҪңãҪҽգǾͺúõĻţǵԼϻ
Σ㶢ٻ˵ҵһ㣡
ٻɫ䣬֪ʲôվһҧ˵ҪգųԼ
̾һҲ˵ʲôȡڤˮҩʵһЩݸٻ˵ҲգȻ˵ƴҲһֻЩұܡҪ桭˵ܡҪôˣô֮˽յɱ֮Ȼ˻ѪİЩܻлսɱ֮ġ
ٻ㿴ãŰѶӹ˵ͷ˵ţյ£
ЦЦת׼뿪
㣡ٻͻȻ
ţתͷٻ㡣
ٻߵǰٴӵ㣬߻˽һҪţ
һ漴ݺݵıٻ㣬һЦ˵ȻΪҲһˣ
˵꣬ɿٻ㣬ƮȻߣ
ٻ㿴ʧıӰ;վûнࡣ


1201 ۵
񹬻ص󣬴½Щעǿ߲һСҪʧǴ½֪ʲô
ͻȻʧֶҲܿǿôǿĿʧ㶨Ȼδֶ֪Ρ
ǰһȥһڣմ죬ط⡣ŵϽƼ䣬⣬ǰȥҹֻ̣ʿչء
ڻһʱظ羰֮غҲûǰҶ˼ڵıֻһͨԨʱ򣬼Ѷ
ǰһ˵ı㱣;վϣĨһ㺮˪ͼȵıһƵģһһļȡ
㣿
һ䲻ּȣǰıл߳һӰ߳һ£ԵǷϴ⣬һ༫ӡ
Ӵӱ߳ߵǰĿ㣬Ȼûչ¶Ǵ㻹Ǹоһصĸоر˫۾·ҪƵġ
ָоδйԽ͵ʱδйҲ˲˶ԷݡΨܳ˵ʥſֿܴ͸ĸоʥѾˣΨĴˡ
ΪûлشĻѯŶԷ֪ȥ
ʥûشĻڵʶһ£۵۵ʥˣĪԨԴ
ҡҡͷһˣκԨԴ
˲ǺϲΪʥˣȴ͵ɱʥĸܡҾ˵ˣʥӦ˾壬Ǻ弸룬ͼѾԻ
ֻԼܿʥصϢҲųȥģýһȺ˶Լһˣø
ʦǻˣȻĪԨԴ۵˵֪ʲôʦĳҲҴ˿̵ʵܱΨеõʥпܡ
㵭˵ͺһĳͬˣ
㿪ʥأʥ˵Ϊʥֻί㡣
ʥһʥأʥˣҲ̰ģ˵Ϊʥǰ𣬿͵ʥۣͬʥǰεأ
۵ҡҡͷ㻪һԽʶʱΪܣ˿ΪֻҪʵȻΪʥѩޡ
㲻ټ⣺ȥ
۵ҡҡͷ۲֪
֪ŭһĵſֲ趯ֱ۵ȥ֪ΪΪʺƭɣ
趯ޣצ˹ȥոļž˲䱻ƣ˺ܣֱӿ۵ȥɱʮ㣬Ȼ㲻ԷĻش
۵ˣҡҡͷʹǻˣɲǱ۵Ķ֡粻磬ĸ磡
۵˵֮䣬ָ㶯㶯֮ķģӿ֮·һƵģأݸֵǣ֮оԼ˶ҪöƵġ
ֱ䶯ҲΪ֮һԵ֮ɢָоԷ۵ָһ㣬Ļ⣬£һȻֲǽ֮ȴûбһ˿Ĳռѿһѷ죬һжɸɾ
㲻Ǳ۵Ķ֣֮䣬ͨҽ޵С۵˵Ӧ֪ʥĿֲΪĴߣ˿̵Ҿͬ۾޵֣Ȼˡ
Ȼ֪ʥʲôˣΪĴˡ۵ӶҪǿ̫ࡣͬȼҪ˵޵ҲΪһϹʱڵĵһˣΪۣȴնɱۡ
ͬΪۣӼĴҪɱһҲѣϾ۷Բսӻ⡣ǣһȴС
ƹĵ֮ͬ۵˵Ȼ˿ݱ۲ɱ㣬ҪƱۣܵȴڻ¡
£ʲô㲻˵趯žŵǬӿ֮䣬ռ֮УһһĴȥﵽĻʾ֮ʵѾ൱ֲˡ˿̵㲻ͨҲܺ׼۽档
ͨȻ޷ʹۿȣҲ˾ˡ
㲻ܰʥˣϾԷǿ̫ˡҪﵽ۲ûǴ˿ȴ̫ࡣ
ⲻͲ֣˿˸ɱԼó̽һʥ˵Ŀֲû˸СӵʥĴˣҲ⡣Ȼ֪ʥ˵׻վһߣǶ˽Ǻ¡
۵ҡҡͷȻԼܣǾ͹ֲñˡ
۵˵֮䣬ֱ˦ӿ߲ʹâ߲ʹâв΢Ϲ⣬Ϲӿ·ӡ֤ϹƵģ֮Уһƶ£ĺһһ
͡
۵ʵǷʹδܶȫѾѪɳȥһѪҺ³ȥɳ֮Զ۵һϹ⣬Ҳ˳ֱӿ뵽С
Ϲ뵽У˲Ӷȥ岢ûʲô˺ǣȴ궳ᡣĸоϹ뵽УҪƵģҪ·ߣ·Ҫ㳹׵ƿء
ָоһԸֶ趯֮ŤתŤת֮ŰѶԷĿƣ㾡ܰѶԷƣȴ
ס
۵о治ѣϹžԵĿƣۿܲˣȴû뵽ˡ۵ָϹĿֲʥиģ֮
˵ͨͷ۲ѣնɱۣǽʥеģ鶼Ϊֵ֮
Ҫﵽ۰Ȼᾪȣɻʧ̬ĻʾʵȻܰѣβ𾪡
ǵ۵ľȻû꣬ܿͷǵϹȻʧˣɢĸɸɾ
ⲻܣ۵𺳣ͨͷ۵Ķôɢ
վǰ鸴ӵĵ۵ҲͬԾޱȣϹȻ΢ȴֲҪԼĵ֮ڣ¾ҪŶԷĵңȫҲ׵Եʣױ֮䣬׵İݻٵĸɸɾ
ܵڷѪڵ۵ʮֵĹ˼ɣԷ˿̲ûжȫ˵ıҪǶȫǻֲ
Ϲŵһ˵ĴУͬСɣ㿴ŵ۵䡣
۵һδҲûٶ֣ʥķϣվ͵ΪֹٸƱۣͲѵˡ
ʲôģʥĹâѣձʴﵽۣȻս㣡
죡۵Цʱ򣬱ۻʲôͨ޵У


1202 ʥƷ֮
վûмҶ˼Ҳδڵ۵Ŀе֪Ҷ˼Ϣ뿪Ԩ֮صңҲûк֮˺ʥ˽ֵ顣ȻͶԷֻǶݵĽ֣ҲܿԷǿƣرǿֲ쳣
صңûأ˿֮̾ԼֻвĸʱˡεҪ취ʵ綯ǺʥƷס
㶼Ըֽˣֱصҵĵ죬ڶһ˵һ鲼籩֮ء
ľٶòɻ󣬵Ǻܿ˷ӦҪʼˣ
ԣ϶ģʥƷֲ̫ҲҵȻҪһտ˵ĵط
ʥƷװҪ֪ܴﵽ֮𣿡
ʱѾﵽĻʾٽһʾʾ׼ۡʥƷ׵Ч˵ͻ׼۴ﵽۡ
һֱڲͬݶֲ̫꣬пߵ֮

ڶעǿĿⶼеߣǶ֪ʥƷ׵ĿֲʥƷ׵ΪΪԴ֮һ˲Ҷã۶ʹá
ҶãȻġҪĻ˭ұ֤㲻ܴﵽۣ
ﵽۣһΡ棬սǾ˵ġʱʥأ˵ܴ
ֻҪܻڴ½쳹ص½Իһϯ֮ءʷΪܳӣżĿܲͨҪﵽͨǱҪɱͼˡ
һܴﵽΣпڼºȥ
ʹˣҲѣҲԶԶ㣬ȴףҲҪܽʥƷ״ﵽʲôز
˵ڴ֮Уȡһһ޴УȫɾԪɵġеԪ֮
һвϵı䱡еԪеʳַٶȣò˶þͻɵĸɸɾ
˿һĻզ಻ѣʥƷ׹ǷԪֲ
ָһ㣬һâ͵ļУӡС
˼ٶ̲סüҪʲôȻøַ¸ֶ׾ͿСʥƷҪȻҪֶϲſȴʲôУⲻ
ľ֮Уд󿪣д󿪵ͬʱ׹֮޴ءһ˲䣬ԭֻз籩⣬˲仯һƬ׺
׺𶯣ͬˮ޴׵£Բڣ׻׵磬׵籩֮䣬ͬǺһ㣬
һĻòզ಻ѣ֪ʥƷ׵ĿֲǼ˿ֲ׵磬ľѡ
ʹҲޱȡĸоЩ׵֮оȻŷ򣬷֮䣬زŻ׺
𵴣ϣһ׵𵴶£ֲ׵𵴶ִͬˮ׵˵ģһզ಻ѣĿ鲻ԽĿ׺е㡣
㱻׵ǣȫƣҲӰ֪ʱˡ
ãã׳鲼⣬׹ҫǹŵĻԻͣ䶯֮䣬һж˺ѵķ飬޴Ļ׵ȥͬһһϯ⡣
ʷΪµ׵磬Ǻ㸲Ƕ£׵еķĲҲӿ׵оȻһִ۵Ϣ
ǺףʥƷнףŴɵķ֮ǺķʥƷѾ飬ҪǻһǿߵĻһĴ۶Ҫǿ
׵磬̶ȿ֪Ǻó׵ʱҲ鶼Ťˡ
Ϊ᲼¸ֶΣ涼Ϊ˶ְֲľסû뵽ǣȻʲôǺһ׵£Щ׵ϡ
ڳе㣬ſȴ۵һδ׵Ͱȫˣ׵㲻˿СӣΨнġ
ʥƷ׵£ʹ׵İһ׵ϣǴƤǶҪϣֻ׵Уֲϵ塣
׵ǲҵģһЩʵǿ͸׹⿴ʱҵľһ̲סðź⣬ľֲ£ֶܼá
䣡
׹ããû⣬֮еҪ񱩣ըٵһصһУ˾κһ߶
׵ϣϲϵıѪģһ׵Ҳɣ׳ӿ͸Ѫ֮УԿɼٶš
䣡
ŷǵʹ࣬Ըַϵӿ֮䣬һ׭׭û֮Уط׭ʼĽ֮䣬ļһ㣬Ź
ԸַϵĴԼ£ʥƷס׿ֲסʥƷվֲ̫ҲΪⲻϵУҲϵ׳󣬴˿Ѿ˰ƷףʼĿһ
䡭
һƬ׺٣ǹ貣⣬ͬըĿĹâ̫Ҫֲٱ׵ϣըѪɣʹǿͬ׵¶̥ǽڽڶѣǸѣѪҺɽҲ̶á
Ҫƽܵش㣬ûС׵֮£׵֧֣ףŸӿֳϵĽǡ
ģ׵Ĵȫ޸ִ²ϵĻ
һδʹļ尾׵ĿֲԤϣҲͬһݵף׵зɣ
׵粻ϵ£׹Ŀ춼ǣޱ޾ҧ֣ǿļ֮вϵӣʥƷҲϵıΪֲ׹⣬׵绷ܣΪģǺ׵绯УͬǺһ㣬к㡣
һĻԶۿһȺ𶯣о˼顣ֲͬ׵Ǵ۶Լ֣ȻκεķҲû˵İ׵ģѰҪ죿
ǰߵҲˣҪǺߵĻδֲ̫ˡ
ףֱӲЧõġҪ忹ס׵Ĺ۸Ƕ˼ֿܡ
ֻܿסһ۶ˣܿס׵
Ѫ䣬ޱȣԸֶβϵ趯ƣƸѲ񷣬ܻ׵磬֮䣬ƱһƬҡΣΪ֮Ŀѣзξˡ


1203 ׼
޾׹ⲻϵĽ٣ǺʶܵƵԿֲ׵죬ϵϣе׵綼ȻصԻ٣ըƬط
쳤ХϵķĻ֮ϵϣϵķ׭Ȼı鲼׭׭֮䣬ͬʱڡ
֮٣׽ٲƣ
ᶨԼĵҡᶨ貵ǹҫУϹ֮ͬ䣬ƬױɣھƷҲš
龰׸Ƿı
һ޾׵绯Ǻһδβϵ£ÿһζǰһǿǵʹѾľײϵ׳
¡
׺ӿֲ׵ϯ⣬ãã׺䣬ƽֱӺѪ꼸Ҫɷĩױâ֣ӹһ١
׵֮͸֮УԿֲٶʵϢϵȥϲϵչ֣׭ϵĽоĵ̥ǵı仯
ļһһ֮䣬ѾĻʾ壬ʾ
׵ӿͬ˻ӿ֮䣬ɽӣƴȫ׵磬ſٵ֮ң˿Ļ¶
ʱѾĵھƷڵھƷʱŷ츲صı仯Ϲ죬ɨǧ׵Ȼһ˲ͱɣȫ뵽Уһ˲֣һͻƵʾ
ƷϹ貣ӿ֮䣬ŷǺװȥ
ǺѾ飬׵ȻɣҲ岻ѣҪӴܡᣬӰ֮ϣ׸Ƕ£׵ĸӡС
Ǻ޷뿪ǿԱ֮ǰǿٱ׵£׵£캳أ㶼һ
ľƷףȴֱӭȥűסԭΪҪѪģû뵽ױĻҪǿƣھƷŵ֮ǿ˰ٱֲֹ׾Ȼ׵ĵ㾡ܸоʹޱȣҲû֮ǰѪģ
Ǻ׳׵ıԴԲķӿ׵磬ſֲɱ񱩺ɨһУеһС
һĻоѣ˿̵Ƕ͸׵翴㡣ⷱǺױȴļʶֲ׵֮жɡ
Ĳѣ֪Դ׵Ч˿ֲ׵籩ɵ
˵Ĳѵʱؼȴһ죺֮֮塣ط׭磬ɣ
ĺ֮Уķ׭ϲϵĽһ׭֮䣬ʼ磬ЩɽӺ㣬һصƳϣͬչһƵģԭǿնķģƽ˼
ǿҲϵӣÿһ㶼̥ǵı仯仯УϢҲϵıԶԶߵȻ׵е㣬ȴܸܵϢڷ
Ѿʾˣһڷºܴܿﵽʾ׼۴Ĳˡ
ﵽ׼ѾǺˣֻǲ֪ܲܽһٴﵽ𣿡
޷ôס׵ģôǿҲܵס׵繥ɡ

˾治ѣһߵľƣǸоĵڲϵ
䡭䡭
׵б£Ĵϴ㣬ƸΪϰ磬͸žһ޵ƣѹضҪΪ֮ɫ䡣һֿ񱩶ݵĿֲǣΪ֮֡
׼ˣ
𺳣Ż׺е㣬һ鼤ʱѾ׼۵ĲΣֻһߵۣؼ佫ֳһۻʰĴڣۻʾԲͬƽۡ
˶סĿ׺ȴ֮˵ɱ䡣
˿׵֮У׵籩Ŀֲȴûٹܣ״˿ѾɳֲĲΣ˿̵ױѾκβˡ
˿̵㲻Ͻӡϵķ׭ϵĽںϣû׭֮䣬ӿһѹصƣǵض£ӿ֮
˿ޱȣӿ֮䣬һ޷˵ʥбѹ֮ͬǿֲģԭݲ⣬͸£ȻһƬľǺܿͱ׵ݻ١
㲻ϵףǿȲϵӣϵķ׭ϵĽ
Ǻһ죬һ֮ǿֲ׵ų׵ʧʧһǣҲȶ㣬˿̵ϱ鲼ģĻľ㣬ɽȻﻹԵȴˡ
Ǵûп˭˵ģʹЩϹ壬嶼˵ҪǣϵǹѹϢ˹Źֲѡ
ܱߣ鲼ŻݣӿȻݲĵطŲľ
ò˶һۣ˶Էеľ֮ɫ
˵ľ֮УеӡȴϵĽ
Сɣ
֮䣬׭͵ıãЩ׭任֮䣬ַ׭һȻδȫںϣȴҲ˲٣͵ɢɽ貵ĹâķȫһۼĻŹâһɿֲƱ֮͵֮С
Ϲâǣҫޱȣǽһ˲䣬ʧĸɸɾ
Сɣ
ĿȵĿ㣬ǺСʲôʥһȺˣҲڴ֮СɡҪˣ
뵽⣬ĿⶼȵĶ㡣
˵ȴһ۵ʱȴ㻺۾ûͬеĲ۵ĲΣѾͣ׼۵ľϡ
˵ĲУ㻺߳˿裬ͬǿգ¶һضţ̤֮ʮȻĲӣž·һߣضҪֹƵġ
ָоòľʹĿЩʧָоȻҲϣǴ֮㾳վһôָܴо
ȻҲɻΪʲôСȴûдﵽۣǴ۶Сɣ̫ˣ˵ﵽۣǿȻҪǿһ֣


1204 ٽӴ
嵱ֻ˴ɹÿһǻĶˣҲǿҲϹѡ罣ͣΪϵǿ֮һҲϹ塣
弫ѴҪﵽС֮ǧѡʥЩҲڴ۾ŴﵽС֮ȴ׼֮Ͳ˵С֮
˿̵㣬ȫܿʥ۾ʱһĴҪǿ١
ϧˣСˣȴδ̲֮ܲס̾Ϣۺ׼Ȼֻһ֮ȴ֮
ʹҲſɬԭΪܽͻƵۣȴû뵽ֻ׼ۡȱﶼ޷ͻƣҪͻƵ֮ѡ
ضƵ㣬˿̵վܱ鲼ľһƬž
;վϵҲʧܵȵϲͬʱҲżźֻһܲ׼ˣȴֹһҵķδܴﵽԲ֮Ϊ׵ǿȲΪľ粻ܰɵСɣѾ߱۵ǷȱľԼĸ
ĵԽأҪﵽԲҲҪط򡣶ɵļѵģҪ֮УȫĽͻƵۡɴ˿ֹֻ̣׼۵ĲΡ
һе˿źջȻ˿δܴﵽۣȴ´ˣۣ㲻Ѫ֮ԼҲܺͶԷ֡
뵽⣬ӿջջص˲䣬ԭܱ鲼Ĳľ˲䱻ķ籩ݻ٣ĸɸɾϢȫҲȫڵʱͻȻ
䡭
״ž죬꣬걻װƷ꣬İѺΪһǣ۳һӤ塣
⣬·屻Ƶģһ˿Ŷɫ裬Ϲơ
䡭
Ʒ֮ɽȥûзĻᣬֱӱ˽ȥ
䡭䡭
޴֮֮УڰһĿռ֮Уռֻ׺ÿһµ׵綼أÿһڷǺױ
һƬֻ֮캧ص׵磬ʹһƬ֮صġ
Ϊ֮ĺͬʱҲע⵽Լ¡ԼĽ£һƷĻ֮Уؼ׵羪ˣȴ޷ֺ
һĻ㵵ͬʱҲ̲ס˷һƬǵһμ״з׭ʱֻʱ龳׵ıϲ̨ˡ
һ𣿡вϴδѾ֪ˡԭײٸУȴû뵽˿ٴռ䡣
ܵ׵Ѿ£һô۶Ϊ֮Ȼ׵أ֮䣬һĲϵĴĹ켣ؼ䲻ϵۣ۵ķԽԽ࣬ȫ׵ɡ
µľƷҲ͸һϹ⣬ЩϹû뵽֮УĿʼŵââ֮䣬ǧĻ۳һԲԲת֮䣬žƷϵĿ
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ӡǲҵģŤһӡ£Ҳ鲼ġ
ֲҼãͬһҹҹòɻ󲻽⣬֪ôˣǰµƣ˲ͱһ״̬ѵˣ
Ҳüѣ֪ôˡ׼ǰ鿴ʱȴȻ۾ʱһͬɱֲӴ̲סɫżֲ԰ס
ԱٴοʱȴƽûиոյĿֲ
ɻߵǰոô£
ҡҡͷûлشֻȴƽһδУеĲǱģǻ󷨡
˴㴫еĻ󷨲ֻ࣬󷨡ǣÿһ׶Ǿ֮ÿһó¶ôͨ˶Ϊ֮ȡ
оһʥһûйҲûзǣȴһЧܲ󷨣Լ棬Ի
Իʲôʩչ󷨣ҪԸĻû˭ҵͨҪѡ
Ҳ˵ҪԸ⣬󷨣ӹͨѰ֮ܿԼȻǰĲ˰ҵ
󷨣һʥһ׹ʥһ
ÿһ󷨣Ǿ֮׳ȥÿһ˶Ϊ֮񣬶ȴõ
вƽ⻹㲻֪ĻԻ͵ԵʡҪǺϵ֪ӵд󷨵Ļ¸ǻ
ʥľʥıˣŤתһͨı֣֮󷨺֮Կ󷨣һ׾˫ʥ
Ȼ֪ʷӡϢȴ֪ǵļֵ⼸󷨣ôﲻﵽ۶νˣ˵ֵ
û°ɣĬЩĵʵ
ҡҡͷ߰ɣҰɣ
Ϊûдﵽ۶ʧ䣬ο츳ﵽǳ顣̫⣬µʱ䣬²ۻǺпܵġ
ЦЦûаĻϡ֮ҪҵǸ㣬˲ܴﵽǸ硣ҲǸ㣬˵£ʮ궼á
ûдﵽۣҲˮǵġЦȻȲͨԴ֮޾塣
绪˿ûΪûﵽ֮ǷϣҲһļ˵׼վʹ޴󣿡
Ǵ֮ҪҪҽԣܲս㡣ЦеĿ
һ仰ò˶͵۾һĿⶼеϡҪǽ֣ɾпͷˡһһһһ
ȻԷһΣս׼ս۾˿⣬Ҫǣ潻治ʩչֶΣܺʹ۽ֵʲôΣ֮ܲܵսʤۡ
Ļشȴ̾Ϣѣ㸸Ȼǿ⻹ô𣿡
˵꣬뿪Щ٣аֹʲôЦҪʤСӻãҪʤ˾ͶˣСӵֶΣҪʤĿ̫Сˣ



1205 ӡ֮
ʥƷ״ﵽ׼۵Ϣûķ粨Ͼ֮ǰսʤۡﵽ׼Ҳûʲôֻս۸ɶѡ
ȻܶҲ˷ʥƷףⶫȻûͻƵۣⲻ˷ʲô
̾ϢǺ۲ѵʱڰȴӭ޶˵ŮӣЩŮӾ֮ŹɹģǴǹ涼͸ġ
ɱʮ֮ö˵Ļ꣬ʹΪһ۾ڽӴ⼸ŮӵʱҲʱʱʧЩЩŮӡ
㿴ǰصŮӣҲɻѣ֪ʱЩĹǵŮŽ
빫ǰȥһŮȻǰЩȻǰȴ˿ļӡ
˭⼸ŮӣֵʴȻöģȴ޷κε㡣
˵Ҫǲ֪˭ҵ˵ӡһʹԵˡ
ŮӵĻشȻȻǸŮôʱɶԷȻˣҲܾˡȱ˵Ů˾ȹǵΪӡҲҪͶԷ档
ԸһͺͼŮ뿪
һȺ˿ٴαŮߣզ಻ѣرǿżŮͬڶŮʱĽѡ
ĺ֪ĽһŮˡѵ˼ҵĶӸ˲ɣ
ţпܣʲô鶼ĳԱߺͬĵͷ˵

⼸Ůһ·У⼸ŮӴȥǱ
оɻģȻ֪ӡŮطҲ֪ڱҪǶԷ˵ӡȷʵӡŮ˵Ϣ㶼ỳɼŮƭ
ȥżŮ˵
˵ǻش⣬ֻ˵Ļȴɻ󲻽⣬Ȼ֪ѩ¼̡ͣȻڱҲм壬ľǺ壬ԹһȻ
ȥʲôɻ
Ͻȥһ˱壡ŮӶ˵
ΪΣ㲻ʵѵҲڱУ
˵ȥ˾֪ҵҲ֪Ůӻش
仰üͷҲûмʲô⼸˵ǶȥɣԼǰ塣
㲻֪ӡŮŪʲô飬Ȼ˵Ҫȥ壬ȥڣκεط¡ȻͻҲͷǺѵҶʲôɣʮҲң
ٶȺ֮죬ϵż֮ظϹȥ¶ԽԽͣһѩ⣬ǧѩƮֵ쾡¡
̹ǵĺϣļҲģ⼱ٵĸ·£ܿһ޴ĳǱС
вɽˮ֪ϸˣȴûһСġľǿߣϹҲպΧɱʥ˴
ȻֹʥԴʱ򣬺ҲϷ˲١ӵлԴϺĿֲ˿̵ĺǿû֪˵ʱҲô˵һ䡮ҿȻǿиɡһ壬ǷȻ򣬿ֲκһ塣Ǻ嶼Ҫһ
һ仰Ժ̵˽⡣
ﵽǱҲûͣĲ޵ؼĿֲƼǰСƶʱ˳Ǳеĺ֮ˡ
˼ƣɫ䣬𺳣кеǿ˲伤Ҳֱ任´
ǳǱƵˣ϶߲ơúкȻҲкܶȥ֪ͨǿߡ
̤ǱڳǱһ֮ŭźˣǺʥ˲̤㣬ֹ
һ£һ˲ɺĻ֮ǿߣ峤˵ǻʸͱ۶Ի
ۣԳƱۣ˸䣬һȻѣ趯Ҫס㣬ȴһٴλƣܵɵһȺˣҽ
ÿ֣һͺԷǿƣڶ˺һۣٶȥҲá
ÿ۲ǣ㿴ŶԷ˵һһź߳
ض޵֮ƣ㲽̤뺮˸ҵĵһУаżʥصôûг
żʱһŭȴ͵رվס
Ƚеʱһֱֲӱֲ֮䣬һж˺ѵķ顣һ𵴣Ϊ֮飬һȭԲ򱩶
һȭֱֱӭȥͶԷһȭһһȭ㱻ĵ֮ԶǶԷͬҲ
׼ۣԷüѣӽ֮ͷֶԷδԲȻδܴԲôܱˣҵס
һȭٴκ˳ȥҪǲ׼ۣҪ׼۵Ļʰڻ¡
ŭôδ¹ȻԷξ˶֪Ŀֲ֮ˣ⺮ǲǵġ
Է˿ɫԸ似ӭȥͶԷԻ˰ȭÿһȭ챩ϱ죬˲𵴵Ϊ֮ݡ
һȻĿŽˡ
£˶ɳȥ˭Ҳκβ˭վӾѵĿ㣬оԷ۵ʵƫƫȴܺսһƽ֣ԲķѹƲסֱһ漣
ò峤ͻȻ뵽һֿܣ㺰㣿
峤ںһ̼ȷˣֻǸ˲ӴԲѹơҶԷɴ²£ȥ˭
µǺ
ϣ峤ŭߵΪû˸ɱ͵ҫҺ廹ݲˣ
ЦȻȻ㺮ҫֻǰݷһº壬ȴǳһ㡣
峤۶㣬Ҳ˼ʮ֡ʵǷʾսʤۡȻüˣҲܿǿҸոսֶԷ˶ˡҲ˵˿ȫۡһСӣ
ҪɱĻǲ£лɱģ˲ɱ
ʲô峤㡣
ûʲôӦһѵ룬ǰݼ塣˵
ѣûѡ峤˵
ǿδأǸңںҡЦ
ţ峤üͷܿ뵽һˣȻɫ䣬󺰵İ֣
峤ɫļΪѿĶɫӡ


1206 β
㲻ΪʲôԷ֪ӡŮķӦɻʱһ𣬴΢͸ÿһ˵ĶУú˶Դ͡
Σǰʥ嵱ó𣿡
ⲻȴżӣһӰջ߳Ůϲһ㵭Ϲ⣬Ů˰һ㵭Ϲƣһʣǻܸоᣬȶ˵Ĳ£ȻǧʣҲһҵ㣬ζƮ˱УǾ
Ůǰϵɢǰһ컯ľգ࣬޹ǣ֬һˣͬ񻰻߳һ㡣
ߵŮÿһ˼ƷɿŮɾ޲ɷ˵Ҷ˼ǵߵ࣬ʧɫĻǰŮӾĻǧ̬ﶼҪУ͸صģÿһΪ֮Եġ
㻹ǵһμŮˣǰǵŮˣҲתЩֵס
˹ʸ𣿡ŮӶź峤˵
峤ҿŮӹμ̬ӣͷŤһߣȴƽû뵽ԷȻ㣬鸴ӣܻشŮӵĻ
ʲôʥ̣ɻŮ˵
꺮ɱʥг˴еõʥһʥ̡һЩ鷳Ҫ̶ȹֻԷԸ⽻Լ֣ʱ̣ܶ̾ڱġӡŮӽ͵
仰ȻҲӡŮӵĴ㡣Ȼʵܺ壬Ǵ˿ݣȷʵúͷۣҪһͨ߶ס
峤ɫѿ㣬ǾԼŮӵģϾŮݷǷҪǿҲԸͶԷַԲֶöԷ֪Ѷˣ˵ŮҲˣһͨҲܱǺ塣
ǣԷȻ㣡ʲôȻһ۲⡣⼸ڣվŵ壬Ҫʥصˣվ˵ǺʥƷףľڤˮ
ЩκһΪ֮ıǾΪһ仰òͳȻǿҲסѹԣǲ´ͨȴ˼֡
οҲҪʥʥ֮Уȫǣűߡ
ҲˣͲҪҼ˵ʲôɣóɡ㿴ź峤˵Ӧҵ¼ֱرˣȻ˼ˣȻæ
Ļú峤ɫȻԸ⽻̣Ȼ޷̣ɱϾʥʥôóȥ
岻ó峤˵
Ȼκβ㺮塣ۻ㺮סʮģҲȥʲôʱọ́ˡʲô֮ߡЦеĿź峤˵
һ仰úûѪͽ͵ԼǺԼµʱˡҪǵʱûиԼ͵˵ĿȻȻļеϡ
һҲˣǽʹЩʯǸҪõʥҪʥصǿߡʱΪԭ㲻ʥصĻԻѹʱ򻹲òӦ
ңСҪסǴ򲻵ɱãõүһţܵˣ
뵽Щ峤ˣðŭ𣺡㣬ҲҪ壬ʱ㿪ʥ֮ɡҺ嶨ȻΪɱǰ䣡
Ц۵ĳѾˣٶһЩôҪɱۣҲںһ
Ѱ·峤˵
ⲻҪ㵣ģֱҪԼˡ㶢ź峤˵һ𰸣ҪǲӦ͸֪׼סʮģҪǴӦó뿪
峤һһ㣬ֿһӡŮӣ֮һǵýΪ֮ǲǻôţ
˵꣬峤Ӱٶȼźȥ
ԷºݻҲ⣬ȴź峤͹֪˿ûһܾܾҪûпʥ֮ǰֻҪҡĸҪ嶼㡣
Ȼ󣬿ɱв˵㲻ʲôˡ
Ȼ峤ܿһڵٴγǵУ峤ֱһ˦˦˳ͬһ硣
㣡⽫ǵƷ
ԭҪֽסģӡŮȴһɨ֮оͱ׵Ļȵϡ
һһ۱ŭȻ׾ͻ֪Էǿˡ
峤˵Ҫٳ֮أȻܻ
ڳ˵仰ʸ񣬵ȴһЩ򡣡㲻˵һ仰Ȼź峤ЦлˣҪǵʱ򱾵ȱٵʲôǵġ
˵꣬ЦӡŮӵͷﳤȥ
һȺɫ࣬ȴ޿κΣֻܿ뿪

ӡŮߣΪݶնϵӡӡʱҲ̣ٴκӡŮϵ
ŮӲŶУŮ崫㣬ҲԳⲻ룬ŮǰȻȻĻķӦ
һƽϢһ裬һһ֮䶼̬ŮӿڵҲΪȡˣܸӡһ𣿡
ӡŮתͷ˫ĵע㣬촽ӡ֮٣غ֮ʥ㣬˵ӡȹ٣壡
Ǻ壿ɻʵȻʥӣ㲢öԷˡΪݵʱն˺ӡϵȻնϣǾ˵ʥˡ
βһ壡ӡŮӻ˵һ֪ϹʱڣҲֻл֪塣û˵
Է˵ԼǾβ壬ȴ˾ξˣԲ۾ĿǰŮӣò˼顣βȻ֪ڻǼһ壬رǻϹʱ槼ǳһ塣㵹û뵽һȻҲС
֪β壿ӡŮӵЩȣĿ㡣
֪槼𣿡ûֱӻشǿѯʵ
һ仰ӡŮɫ䣺֪ʥ
ӡŮӵɴ۾槼ܣ˶֪Ȼ֪


1207 
֪槼дžȣĿŮӣֻоŮ˸Ϊģö˵Ļꡣ
ŮɻĿ㣬Ȼ֪õʥϢǿ˵槼ǾβΪܳһҲֻе伮пԵѾﵽһֳ޷ľ硣־֮Ҳ޷ٴ޵Խʥ̫˵ƣѲڷ
˵⣬ŮҲסꡣβʥµʱΪԻ͵ģʥΪֹжܳԽҲΪʥ䣬ҲеľβĴ뿪ǰס֮ءһ֪Լˡ
㿴ŮӣŮ£֬ü۽ǣ⣬һ˫۲ӯӯ۾˲ѣ̬ԡ㲻룬һʼӦ뵽槼ĺˡΨ槼ſĻص̬
뵽ǰһŮȹ£ʲô鶼⡣ŮˣԳΪ꾫ˣĺ꾫ûһ˲ϲġ
֪ʥģӡŮ
ЦЦ˵żȻ˵
˵ӡŮҲûмʣ֪϶˵ô򵥣Ȼ֪β壬˵ʥ¶ҲİˡգʥһġֻҲʥķ緶ˡ
֮ղľǴʱȻĻԻͿհͣ㵭˵ʥ嵱ֺԻͣɴ˿ȴ֮һˡ
ûм˵ʲôǰ·ڿռ֮д⴩䣬㱻մһط

Ϣ֮أɽָǰ˵
ɽ㾪ȵĿգû뵽ľȻǰβͬ
㾪ȣոǼھβ˽⼫ⲢҾβأֻǸе伮صأĳɽ
˵ͷȻΪɽʹҲһɾۼɽ𶼲ɫһɾ鸮
̤У͸о˱ǵԪ̲סõط
һʩչͨɵģһ꣬ʮֻ֮طҲ棬ֻҾβﲻܾô˵Ȼʵﵽ磬ҲõġʥضҲ̫󡣡
˵ͷаЩϧһʥƫƫֻоβҪȻѰǱĵӶ
Ҳֻ룬˼ҵʥأô˽
սɽֻټɾȻûпβˡʮֲ⣺ѵֻһ˲ɣ
ҡҡͷβѪֻһȴˣȻѪȴҲΪ٣˴ٸ
أʵûп̡
Ǿ̬żֿɬȥ̵Եˡ
ɻ󣬸߽һȥڿյˣֻǵʱһʮѾһϢɫ԰׵ѿ˲״̬
ϣսһЩ˼æЩȻѪɫҲżְɫ
üͷЩ˶ܵش㣺ô£˭ˣ
ҡҡͷǣǺҵйأ
ţɻ󲻽⣬֪ЩģôϹϵ
ûлش㣬ȡ̣еӡ᲻ϵĴȥһӡ뵽֮У̹âǣĹâ֮䣬ĵһ۴֮мۼ֮䣬ķģ͸ɽϹ֮УʱɽƱã۽֯ɾɽ׵С
ϣպһȻĵѪҺ֮ϣ̶ʱ趯ͬХֲƳ֮䣬ͬ齵
ΪʥҪֲɱ۵ӿ̻ۣϵĹ켣̺͵һɽɽɽ
ЩյɫҲȾ˼ֲ԰ס㾪ȵǣԭһϢˣȻɫʼһ˲վ
ռԼ˻ָһͷẉ̂˵Ҫɽ
˵仰ҲûеЩ˴ӦĿ⿴ͷ㾪ķ֣һϵĳ̣𶯲ѡ
Ҳֶ֪ܼãһ˵
һɻ󣬸յ󣬵һľķ䣬Ӷԣǰ̬˵Ůӣһ컡
ǲǾٵʲôն˵ʥ󷨣оһءʥҲûжȹһأȴѪ
ѪõӡʱӦüһѪУҲӡ֤ʥԤԡʥ˵нѣֻ֮˲ơ֮Ȼң̫Ҳ㡣˿ѾսˣȻһЩȴǿԡ
ѪҼֻ槼µģʵ
Ȼǣ˵ʥڷѪȴһĺ֮УҲҲΪˣ̳ʥ١ֻûҵӦ֮ˣ嶼ȫȫġΨһȴˣõһξѪӡΪҵӦ֮ˡ
Ѫϴ˶Ϊ⣬˱ǵľѪѪѪϣҪþѪҡ⹦ܵ˺ΪҵǿҲǿҪ˵㣬ΪѪҵԵʣҵС
ҵˣҲ޷ɻͻڣһˡʥΪ壬Ҳ԰ȫһҲجΡ
ΪΣ㲻⣬ôйϵˡ
岻֪ôõʥѪǽѪʩչطӰҵѪΪԵʣǳ֮׵ľˣҲ㿴ոյģ˶ܵش̷סɽŵԵֵԷӰ졣
㵹ЩˣѪͺĸоԷѪĻȻȻҲӰ쵽ˡ
ѹˣһֻһǲ⣬ʲôϵ
һ漴˵޸Σ
ͻһ仰͵Բ۾պʲô˵һ飿


1208 ִͨ
Ȣ㣿ԼˣǰŮӣ֮裬žĶǵǲǺ꾫ۡ
һŮӣûһ˲룬ǲÿһ˶롣ȢȻջ֣ȴͬľ
ԣȢңն˵һǲң
дһŮԴƣиǼһɺһŮ˶ҼޣӻȢ𣿡
ǰžգ㣬ЩԳ̲סѿڶȢ붴𣿡
ձŭŭطƷһȻۣȻޱȣԭʥĨһǺεʲôʱ˸ǰ˵Իˡǣǰȴ˵ôֱӡβŭ
ŭĿ죬ȥҲ죬տ㣬ɢĿ˵Ҫб£㶴Σ
һ仰˵Ѫȣղ֪仰˵ôջһȻǧ̬Ůˣ˵һб¾㶴ѪȶҪûŮ˶ôˣһ仰жĳ
ҪñǣҪȥˡ
Զ㿴˵дżŭɫ
Ȼڱŭ֮ɫҲָ㵭˵ҪΪ
۾ȥ𵱳ں׾ٽ´۵һĻʹǸͷ
˵ɣΪҪ޸ң㿴ǰŮˣȻŮ氮
Ϊȹ٣߳һտ˵Ҳǵ塣
ĽҲ⣺ΪʥѡеӦ֮ˣΪӵѪ
˿ε˵㣡
ζ٣˵ֱ⡣
ѪЧѪѾ뵽ѪУӡڣӰҵУҲӡϢ㣬ζȹҲδֻ֪һһ
ȹܲͨա
յͷΪһʥʱǣҲ޾壡
̬ĻŮˣ㵹̲ס槼Ǻ槼һܹǣǳֵܵ뵽槼Ҳ̲ס̾ϢһڻΪ绪ĵŮˣɾһŮڷºﲻܲ뿪Ƭأˡ
ͬҲһǾȻ硣뵽磬βҲˡ
ͻȻ룬Ȼǵ磬ǲǴԼҲܻȥ
ʧЦѣܻȥʱʵҲܻȥ
Ȼ붴ȢȢ㡣νȻʱ벻˶ͲԺ벻ˡңҲһܾյŮת֮䣬ǹջֻҪһ߿ܣӦա
Ѫǲ˵ҪٵĻҲѡʵ
ܣΨѪԼѡˣпӦ١ȻܽѪҲΪʵԵʡǲӦ١˵
˵ͷȢؼ仹ǵ͵£
ҲŤȻŮֻܿܳԣǴȥҲǺܳġһŮ˶ΪŮӣ˼ʵķɡ
Ӧͺá˵ҲδѣӦٵʱ⣬Ψк㶨ܰġʱʲô⣬ҲڡܶǶжһֱ֤
˵ӡӦٵ飬ĿҲͷĵһɹϵӿֶ£ϣŵɢ
һ͸£Ҳź˵Ҳֶ֪á
;βǳȶ֡˵Ѫ֮ܽˣ˺ܵסһʱ䣬ɱҲֲ˶á
ͷ˵ܸı֮й켣ǶԷͨӡ͸¶Ҳ
յͷ˵ͬƽĵǶԷѪĵع񣬽͸䵽Ҫ˵̣˵ڹ̡ܸı֪Ĺ켣ȴһᱻ̵ʱ𲻵Чˣ֮ٴ͸Уǻٴܵش
ô˵˵ͷӰһ̵ķȥ
ռһס㣺Ҫʲô
յץס㣬ֻо޹ǣо꣬Ϸ˱ϾӡϵĽӴӡɢ֮䣬жӿɫ糺죬Ϊ˼
ոϽɿ㵭˵ĹȻƲǿȴǺǵģԳ󣬵öߵĵΨдͨǣ˵һۣΪͨ׽Ӵ
Ц˵ֻҪǾͺ˵Ĺÿһ
չһЦҪһͨжԶ߶Զⲻɢĵþڴͨµߵĵȡߵǲͬĵÿһ
뵽⣬̤ϣߣ̹֮䣬ȷʵܸоܵĵ֮ң֮ıܴöԷĵ֮Ҳ˶ҡ
濴һ̤ӿĵ֮ȥüͷû˵ʲô
ո̵̤ıУ͸оһޱȳĵ֮֮֮䣬˵궼ҪƵģرӡ𶯲ѣЩ໥ڣҪͬͬĵ
ֵ֮զ಻ѣ𺳡ɵķ򶼲ˣ΢ĵȴűͬĸо֪ˣѹ˵Ĺ
һת֮Ψ֮ӿӡֵ֮֮䣬İУ˲о֮ͬ˲١
һȥ֮ģӡ֤ĵγķ׭ϵӭǲϳ̵
ӿۺһ𣬾ɲϱͬǶԷͬҲΪʱö֮Чöˡ
ɻĿ㣬Ҳʮֲ⡣ȻҲǴͨǣ֮ӿĵۣǶԷϾǴͨǺϵĴڡӿĵֵԾӿֲȴսġ
ͬգȻʵǿĶ࣬Ҳ״ĵۡΪŲȻǿɱĵҪһΣĵĥֵȻˣǽѾڰܵˡ
ֻǣȻôͨĵ۶޷ѹƣ̫ˡ


1209 ۣ
ԸֶζԿԷӿĵۣӿĵӡ֤ʩչֶΣǻǸоͷޱȣֵ̫ˡԶ۵ĴɷҵĵȻҲֵַܱͬо岻ѣ
ǲֵ𣿡ðųȵĹâսȻĻѵͨǺεQ˼ǰ˼һƾ
ֻǶԷ͸ĵ۶ѣ˹˼ɵĲֵѣ
ֵ֣͵һͨ֡ȻͨСҪģѾﵽ׼֮һֱҲ̤۵˿Ŵ֮ͨΪ֮˵ܽҲ֮
뵽⣬趯ĵ۸Ϊֲӡ֤ĵϵĳ֮Ĳֲ֮䣬ųһ仨䣬ʮȴ𺳲ѡ
ܴʱĵ۱ͬȴܶݵĵסͨĵۣһֶֺΣҪ˵ĵȿԺʹͨǲܵģֻһֿܣ޵Ĳ֮ڵĵ
޵ֵˣΪʲôоԼӡͻȻϵԷҪ޵֮ĵܶݵնϺӡϵʲôϾӡҲ֮ڡҲΪ⣬ԷӵѪſƿ
ҵĵӦԶԷĵĵʤ棬֮ڣܴͨĵ첻֪ٱҪĥĵҲǼ򵥵飬ĥҪķʱ䡣
֮أ޵أҺ磿
֮䣬ĵ𵴲ϢһıӿڶֱӳԷĵۡ
ͨĵֲܱƣʱҲһͷޣצĵ˹ȥ
ĵȻ֮⣬վȲϴͨĳ졣޼εı֮䣬ʵķ飬ҲɫҰףܵһѪҺ³
Էĵĵ֮˷ֵۣȥ
տ㣬ȭͷҲţȻϣܵסĵ۳Ļȹپ͸ϣ
֮֮
֮䣬ӡ֤֮۲ϵıϵĺʹͨĵ۽档ÿһζ飬ǣִУϵ֮֮ĸҲԽԽ
Ψǿѹ֮ɱ䡣
֮֮⣬֮ͬϢ
˵֮䣬ӿӿ֮䣬Ƶģ֮ˮݲϵӿЩݴŸֵ֮ϢϢӿϢΪƣݷڰѳ֮У꿴ƱȴĲĸӵĴ⡣
֮ҶѣȾ
㲻ӿĵӦԴ֮ͨ䣬ԽӿԽࡣеʣ֮䣬Ҳ似ȻԼĵʩչ似ǲմȾϢ
ЩϢҲȾĵ֮Уĵʡ˿Ŵ֮ͨĴЩʴȥ
ĻѵһԵ۵ֵͨĵȻ㲻ǶԷĶ֣ÿһӿĵۼֵԽԽá
£ϵķҲŶӿ֮͸֮Уķ͵ںϣĿʼɱ
֮޵ңУ֮⣬ΨģΨҵΨһ귽ҡ˳ԼߣҲ˳죬֤֮
֮Ϊ򣬲֮У֮ڡ
㲻ӿۣۺͶԷĵ棬֮䣬ԷĴ֮Ȼκβ㣬ײ֮䣬һţ֮ϳѤһĻųǧĻţЩ֮䣬̬֮
һĻû˿Ҫб߼ĻȻѤڶࡣ
䡭䡭
֮֮ͨʱպȻ𣬴ȻſֲͬڵĺˮȻӲֹһĵ֮ɫ䡣
ǳˣɫ䣬ô£ǶԷ֮ѪʩչֶΡⱩĵ֮ӿ֮䣬ȫȥ
о岻ѣҪʹְͨȻδ١Ǵ͸ֲֵͬܵġ
ü뿪ʱȴЦȻվĺã
˵꣬͵վŭ𺰵֮һ壬һɾҵ壡
֮䣬ǷڵȻû뵽֮У͸ÿһ֮С
˵֮䣬ȫĵſֲĵ۷һȭֱֱűĵ֮˹ȥ
䡭
һȭ춯أռѣһѷ֡Ҳ˱ĵɳȥӿĵۣͷ޴ǣͷצ˹ȥ
ǿֲģȻֻдͨһ˿ĵֲ̫ˣƷǴܱġͷֻǱƾĵܾѹƴۡ
ȴ޾壬֮ݻУֱǶȥ
ֲģϵı趯ĵ۶Էӿĵ۲Ͻ档趯֮䣬֮ݻֱԷҪȥ
տ֮ϣȻǵĶ֣Ҳκβ㡣ԽսԽ£еʽԽԽֲ򲻶ϵǿ
֮սǼҵģǴֲͨȴƾ֮ĺʹ֣ͨסš
㲻ӡ֤֮֮ĳ죬Ϲĵƣ·ۻһ¡
տһĻҲƽĶ㣬ڴ㲽֮֮һ޴Ŀ̤ĲһأҲ̸ܳߵľ磬ߵĲΡ
Ҫܴﵽ飬ո١ңԼ޸Ҳû
ʥͨβ幬
֮һͷ򣬳ɾҷ򣡡
֮䣬͸֮Уת˿Ҳֵ趯ĵ֮֮ȫϣĪѹͬż̩ɽѹķǿֲ뵽֮С
סĿ㣬ɾʹҪ࣬Ȼͨѹɾʹ۷ΣյģһСľҪѹ
ҪСɵĵ壬Ҳɾˣ㻹Ǿúѣ˶ҪѹƵġ
ѹ£ķȴ͸֮УƷıǹɶؼĵۻԽԽŨ
Ʒıǣ˷ܲѣ㵱Ҫˣ
ͷϣҲʼ׵ۣǴ۵Ľѣ׵ϵıǵĵ֮Ƿۣϵ䵽ϣͨ졣


1210 ǰ
¡¡
վһ֮׹Ⱪǣķ򲻶ϵĺںϣ𽥵ĳ
ǵĵ۷ϣӿϱơӿ֮䣬ϵĳǵĵۡ
ǵĵǿֲģȫӿȥķںϷϣ˿ֲǵۣҲ޷ķɵϣʹСɵĵҲܲסһѪҺ˳Ϣҡ۵׵磬ҲȻɢ
ŭһһƺ˳ȥ˲ɢӿĵۣӰ֮£ǵϣ̲˼£ЩŤǣ𴦶ȥ
ûƣǹɹɱĵҲƽռȻۣü˵Ϊٽ֮ѹ뵽֮
տĳ㻹ģƫƫȴ˲ۡӸո۵׵㲽۵Ŀɣ
ӿĵۺֲܿЩܲסһ۵ʱҪǵңпܳ⡣ңҲ˿̴ﵽۣ
ţղ⣬ɻĿ㣬ܲΪβ룿
ķѾһֻȫĲˣʵ˶ǡ˿̵ĴۣҲԲѷɫ
߳һѾûʲôˣҪĲʱѡ
οҲһᣬİѲ۸ѹ
ӡ֤֮Ѿ۶˵̫ˡǣȴԸⲽ֮С˵
һ㶣漴ܿ˹뵽Ĺ˼ɣ˵ͷ˵ȷǸʱһۣܲ
ֻҪ룡ܣ㵭ȻЦһ仰ҪǱֻǺεȾ磿Ȼ˵ֻҪܴﵽĻ
ռʶոһĻ㻹мĵģûм˵ʲôˣǾ˵ɡ¶ʱ䣬Ҫȥʥˡ֮ǰѪ㽻Σ
㲻ʥУʱ˵ش㿴˵
ҡҡͷʥԣ
Цǵһĵˡ
ĻҲ˵ʲôָ㶯֮УһεɫѪҺӿһεѪҺѪ۳һͷɫľβ
ɫ˲԰˼֣㺰ҪܣѪѪڡ
ͷ֮䣬β˹ȥȫ͸֮УɫѪҺӡڣĶͷ֮ϣһͷβ֣֮ϹⱩǡ
͸ӡǣĸоյϢܸо
ʱЩˣΪʲô˵ҪȢĻһŮ˸оҪôɱҪôŮˡҪȻνܵˣ
βӡĶͷ˼£˲ʧһɶҲĸо
ܽӡǶݵĽҲΪʲôִҪ˿̺Ѫںϵġտ˵ϣš
ҲżָжŮ˺ܴԭΪȺԼʥǰԼһѡҲˣûвԼ
ܽܲܽҵʵ
ܣ˵ܿͿ˵ûʲôԽġ
ЩûһѪҺ³Ů̫ı˵ġ뵽ԷʵֻεĽʵȻ˿ѾֱˣǶԱǲ̫Զˡ

֮һڣߴ½أӸԸֶζ߸ԴƷ⻹ҶûзŹ˲ٺö۲ѡ
ȻûǴɽҲȡһЩö
ѹòɻ󲻽⣬ѵ֪ҪȥʥˣԴѹΣǣʲôãõٶණҲȻҪܻʥŸֱϾʥ֮ˣơ
ɻʱȴչˡһչأͱչһ£չһ£ϢҪ֪ڰǺܶ˻˴Ѱˡ
ʱܿ͹ȥ½Ҳܶ˶е󣬴ҲŰΧȥ
ԴԴ϶ѰΧˮйͨȺżߵ˵¥ûУ
ûУ¥չ֮´ҵҲ벻ˡŵС㣬Ҳƿ˴󣬸޷¥ءشҲżڶĸ·ǿߡ
Щ˰żʱž޴㣬֮ѵ
ڰ֮⣬ΪǼ峤ǴʱȣһȺҲ߸ϣĿ⵭ȻĶŰ
峤³˲ٿ֮ǣ˿̼㻹ûг֣ŭ˵㣡Ҫǻ֣۽վİ塣
峤Ȼ˴Ǵ˿ȴ£̫ĺܣ԰ƽ˰
˵仰ȴƬ̻֣ŭһһȭֱӺ˳ȥһȭŴۿֲһȭ£Ҫ鰵
ûҲһѵȻиǣ㿪ʥ֮󣬵ʱ·ļֵҫǵŭԹҪǲɱƽеŭ
峤һǿֲģһȭҪ󶼴ƵģڰкȻ׼󷨵ֵʱؼȴͻȻһӰӰ趯ͶԷһ
ûо죬ûֻһƬѣ̻ͬĹâ峤Ӱɳȥֱ۲żֺȻ֮ɫˡ
˵˰֮ǿʥأͻǿֻ˿֮̾ڻмʱߣǾΥŵɱǲǴҲΥŵΪǿ㶢ž峤ɭ˵
峤뷴༥ͱһڴϵ˻ȥ
峤ȻвʣȴҶײͣ޺޵ĵһֻۣ˻ȥ
Է˻ȥҲûйİѶԷϣŽ˵ǰӦҰ֮Լǰ겻ǾΪۺ۸ɣ
仰Ϊ֮ѪʱѣȻһ顣
Ϳ˵ǿٵ㼸ʱ
ʼȻǾ͵Űɡʱ䣬Ȼߡ
˵꣬ҲЩˣֱӰЩ˸һԣŲӾͽ˰ĲЩ˵һ£ȴ
˿һĻһȴޱȣ̫ţˣЩʲôˣۣ鰡¥Ȼ˵߾ߣܶǣ˭Ψ¥
洵źһǿߣһдˬͬʱҲͷͦظ밵һд˶ûС
һĻøǿֱҧȴ޿κΣֻиҪɱġ


1211 
վǱܲһأǺͽһȺ˸ȡȻΧĴ󲿶ӣҲȳ뿪ԣҪǰһֻϣϿʥء
ڰûжȤֻҪɱ㣬ܷʲôˣɱ㣬Ҫʰ׾١Ҫģ㿪ʥ֮ɱ
ֻҪʥܿЩǿ߲ٹ㣬ʱܷſֽʰ㡣
峤һȺ˿źͽͲŶУǰҫ㣬дɭȿʥʱһ̣
ɲһŵɱ񣬵ϵȵʱ򡣲ŷѾˣʮһǳѾһΪһƬΪ󣬶λãǱ߾ƵϽš
㿴⽻ޱߵ󷨣аզ࣬ѹֽЩ˶ûа취˴Ϊ껪彨ȣѹҪǿˡܿ
ԳǳعգɽΪۣΪ׳ֲֶκóΨʥѣ
һȺ˲ĵλãܿҲи߽״ʵˣѾۼȺ˶ȴŽͺ㵽ʱһ˷ܲѡ
ˣ
Ҫʥˣ
ÿ

˵˷֮УһߵϽǰܸоеľ޴ѹ
ܣŲΪ֮ȻЩвȱٻʯҲȱЩΪѾ˵Ĵڡ㿴һʯҲƽ
ЩϼһƽչزΪʥȴˡң⻹Ǳɽһǣжǿһ߹
һеѹȥĿߵߵĵ۵ϣ֣˴Ҫƿʥˡ
Ҫѡ񣬱۲֡㿴ŵ۵˵ʥѡı۲֪Һȷĸ㣬۷ǳϲ㡣
һ仰òо治ѡû뵽ʥ˺ʥȻŹڣ
Ҳףʥ˾Ȼ˴ʥʥص⣬ϲ
ϲϲνֻǣܷʥء۵Ц
㿴ŶԷŻӢ̲סҪȥһȭ۵ƺ˼룬ЦЦ˵㲻ҵĶ֣Էе뷨Ҫǵãϴκͱ۽ֵĽ
ҲδأƽϢе뷨ŵ۵ͻȻЦ֮ǰ˵˴һҲ˵
۵Цǲܷ飡
ʼ磬ҲͶԷϻĿ⿴ͣһȺʯԸ˷ʱ䣬ֱӿ˵˵ҪϷˡǾǺֿʥذɣʲôϷ򲻹ܡҪľǰʥؿ
۵Ц˵ȻʥضԱҲдãԵ
ҵǲ뾡ǿ𣿡һҲͶԷϻ˵ɣҪʲô
ȻܲҲ˳ǵҲ뿴ʥ֮ʲôţǻʥءǽȥҲԲôҵʥġң⼯˵껪ѪǴУͲȫˡ
ûа취ֱӱ𣬵ܽʥɱǶ١
ҲϻһᶪУһоĿ裬úÿҪ򵥵ֻ࣬к漸Ҫ㶯֡
ӹ֮Ҳϸϸоһ£ܿоͻȻĲûʲôĲǽѪѡ
ͷʾ֪֮󣬵۵ӰϽϣϽŶʱâǣ죬Ϲ죬һӿ߶̲סˣҴ֮â
۵ϽϣַϵĽһַ֮䣬׭ϵû뵽Ͻ֮УϽУֵܿۼ
Щۼ֮Ͻϵ鿪ʼŽ⣬֮䣬Ͻϣػһ㡣
۵ɣеӡԽԽ죬ַĲϼû뵽֮Уһ㣬Ͻߡ
֮䣬бϣֱӱķ飬⾪ô½ÿһĿ
֮ʥšʥ֣֮۵֮䣬мĵʥ֮ĵʥ֮Ϲ⣬ϽңңӦֹâһ𣬲ֱ˴ˡ
㿴ŵ۵óĵʥ֮ɫҲ˱䡣Ȼ֪ʥ֮󣬾ҶûһǶԷȴĵ֮ࣿδֲ̫ˣ
㵱Ȼ֪ĵʥ֮ӡǽһȺԸֶΪ۵ȡġϽŵ۵˵Ҫʥ֮ǽ͵˳֣Ϊ۵ȡ
ȻҲʥ֮д㣬óˡʥ֮Щ΢СĹġʹϹŻȻ֪˭ʥ֮˭ûУҪõʥ֮ڻ¡
۵õ͸ʥ֮ټʥ֮лѪϣĿʥš
ʥ֮ϹϽںϣҲϵĺͨʼںϡ
㣡ʱ֣ʱ۵Ȼȡ
ӰȻļһѪ֮У۶ʱѪ֮ɫϽ֮вϵķצ֮䣬ϽŷĲ
ϽſʼһϸСѷ죬ϸСѷ֣ÿһ˶סмޱȣĶϽš
໡
һУȥеѪҺҲȼһ
۵˴ϲ㣡ּԦΪϴ֮ģԻƣǿʥء
ڵ۵ĺ֮У㼤ͨ۵˵ûй㣬ǲƵϣһȶѪڵϢӿ֮Уͬعĸһ
֮Ԧڷھ֮䣬ϽŹâǣϹҲϣĥƣϣҲ޴ѹյ
㣡Ͻţ۵󺰡
֮ϣĵ׵ķſڣ˶ŵ۵ȵĿ⣬ͻȻЦ
ʥȻҪģڿʥ֮ǰۻһҪ
üѣŹֵĿ㣬㵽Ҫʲô˿̻ʲô
ɻʱȴȻĴ֮ŭ𣺡֮ҷ򣬷ɾʹۣ
ò˾ڣɴ۾Ŀ㣺Ҫۣ
һĻû뵽ģ˭Ҳû뵽˿̲ۣ
۵ɫҲ˱䣬û뵽ſʥŵʱɾʹۡ
۵㲻Ա۲𣿽ձ۾㿴
Ʊ鲼׵羪ˣȴŭ۵ȥ


1212
ɽʱѾһ̤˴ֻۣǵʱǵĵۣûг˻֮ۡ㲽۾ûʲôرһֱչأĵԽ
˿֮ȻһУƵġ
ӡȫֲƣ۶ȥڵĽˮһ㣬һֲֿٶ뵽֮УϷſֲĵۡ
֮䣬¡ֲĽⲻϵĳ޴׵ֲǴ۵׽١
׵£ѣ׹죬϶ϣԾء
һ־ֲƣ׵֮䣬ֱӱķ飬׵ֱ¡˿ȴ趯ֱۣӿžֱ֮ŵ۵ȥ
۵Ȼ˿̲֮Ǽ֣һ׽٣ȻҶԱ۳֣ǲ֪
۵˵֮䣬һȭҲžİ趯ڷ裬ɭ䣬Կޱߵֱֱȥ
䡭
һ𣬶ʱ˱˶ֲŤѽ⣬ѣֲľɨ˷ˣɾˣ˱УʳɵѪ⣬ڷǾ²ɵ
ҲĿ㣬˭Ҳû뵽˿ﵽۣǵԤ֪û뵽㻹ڶ׽ٵʱ򣬾ȻԵ۵֣ôηŸ
һ㶵Ŀ㣬Ŀ⿴У׽ٴʱ죬ϵ··캳أ׽þ峤ȼ۶̲סȻǲ۵ʱԵ׽ٱҪ̫ˣҲܿĳ㲽֮žǿǵʵ
ֻһȺҲЦ֮ɫΪ֪͵Ц۵ʲôʥˣȻ˿ֻǴ֮˭ףڴ֮޵еġ統ʥһ˭޷â
峤һȺ̵͵۵йݵд裬ȻǾͬǵ۵һȴս˿·磬ǵ۵Ŀֲ޵֮ͨ¡
㲽֮ҲԲǵ۵Ķ֣ο㻹Ҫ׽ٵĺ׽٣һ۵ĹҪǿ£ֵܵ˵۵
ߣҲãȵ۵İǶԸҲ򵥵Ķ࣡峤һȺۿ㡣
ȴüͷ˿뿪ʥֻһˣֻҪԾѪԦֱϽţܿʥءʱȻ͵۵ˡһҪʥصõʥҲ֮ɫ
۵㣡Ϸ򲻹ʲôԹһеȿʥ˵ʹĻм䣬ĵס˽֣˷ֿ
䡭
֮ϣХǺӵ׵趯ϵϣǸȾΨҶ޵ơ㱻͵סû˶ͣ£ӱֱֲ۵ȥ
ʥرȻῪ֮ǰҪһˣ޵еģһ֮䣬ѣըѡ
Ĳ˺Ȼѣرǿһ׵ʱǾ岻ѣ޷׵£㲻ûشӵǿ
۵òӭȥȭ죬ķҪҡΣҪֱֱĽһһ֮£˶Ȼ̤ˣ֮䡣²̤Ŀռ䶼˺ѵķ顣
˶ΨҶţض޵еƣһϹǿߵĴߣһһ½ۡ˶Ǽ򵥵жǿ޵еΨҶ
ÿһŽÿһ¶زֲ졣ǵĹ£еһжҫˣʹ׽ٶҪѷɫ֣Ϊġ
һ޵ĶԾÿһ˶Ѫȡ
ʥ˶սʥ壬ͬΪ֮˭ܸʤһ˶ڴ֡
˽֮䣬Ըʩչǿĳ׽ٶ˿ûӰ죬ܽ׽٣ԽսԽ£׹Ĳϵ趯Ȼ׽ٻڴ塣
峤һȺ˿һĻɫҲƽǰȻսۣʤ˴ۣƾӶ࣬ǲΪĿԺ˿̣ȴòϣѾȫ֮ˡȻܺʥ߽֣һֺεȵʵ
˱Ҫɱ峤һȺɱģֻҪ㳹׵Ŀʥ֮һҪְɱˡ
Ϳǰܺ͵۵ֵҲƽ˿̵ٴο˵ʥķ緶һȻʱۣȴ˾ޡ
ʥǷ͸̾һõῪʥŵĳŵû˵Ľ֣Ҳ뿴ǲĿʥ
һ£ֲѹסκһۣǵ۵ȴ˿ȫܺ潻棬Ȼڵ۵ռһ˿Ϸ硣
ʥˣͨ޵У㲻òϵ۵Ŀֲȴû˶ͷ׽ԽԽֲ׵׺Ƕ
׺ǧԣܺһ㣬Ƕ¿ľѣ㻹Щ׵
ǴΪǣ׵磬Ȼӣ趯ֱֲ۵ȥ
׹⣬֮Ц۵㳢׽Σ
˵֮䣬䵽۵ߣͬʱ趯Ҳֲ͵۵һ׽ٿֲأ͵۵С
׵ͬʱ˵۵۵סĹȴѾסǱ׽ˡ֮׵ڵ۵ϣ۵Ҳǵ壬ﵽ֮Сɡ׵£Ҳֱӱɳȥ׵Ѫ
͡˵Բ۾Ŀ㣬˽棬ȻռϷ硣
ɣ۵ܿٴһӰ׽֮⣬ѹзѪо׵ĿֲҪСɣѾͲֻѪˣ׵˲ᡣ
۵Ķ㣬㡣ոպ㽻֣ռϷ硣ǣԷȻ׽٣͵һ׵֮ĴۺΧ
۵ܾΪʲô׵磬ȴܵѹˣû츳Ա˳£ȻռϷ硣
۵ܲʣǿµ׵磬ȴٴȥ㽻ֻ֣ɻôܲ׵磿
Ц׽پܽ׽ѹ۵ܷŹӰ֮ŵ۵ȥ
۽Ҫ㣡
˵֮䣬Ȼϣңʩչ磬Ӱϣȥ


1213 ֮
Ҳ㶵Ŀ͵۵Ҳˣ۵ʵ൱׵֮Ȼѹס۵ˡһ𺳲۵ʲôʥĴ߰Ӧ޵ĴڡǣĴߡȻ·ˡ
׽٣ѵͲһֱܲ׽٣۵¡˵Ҫ۵ǿ
ѵҪԽʥɣ
Ҫٳһﲻɣ
ߣǿΣձɣҲ꼻һ֣
սȥܲܳսʤ۵

˷ܣĿ⼯е͵۵ϡ
׽趯ϵʩչֱ۵ȥ۵ǿֲģ׽ٺ֮£Щͷöˡ
۵׽ٺͷɢͷɢǱڼŭһ֪ʱгһ趯ͷ׵£ȫס
׽٣۵趯âҪ̴գʩչ޵ʥҫŵĹâ貶Ŀӿձ۵ɱֱ֮ȥƾޡ
˿ŵ۵ͷŵ̲סզ಻ѡֵ׽κε˵۵ˣ￴۵Ѿ·ˡ㻹ǳֿȭ۵ȴֵǲ࣡
û׽ٵ۵൱ֲϵ趯һϵ趯ÿһжǧ򻯣̺֮ޱȡ
Ĺ£㲻ƽȭҲ趯ɽһ㣬ֲ죬ֱӭȥÿһϽٶҫۡ
׽˽֮䣬Ѿڸ˷âֲϵ趯ÿһޱȣвͿ
¡
һ죬ã׺֮Уֲסҫ۵Ĺâ֮˺ѣ޲׷ɱǧ顣
۵ŭڵâ𶯶ҫޱȣ¶ģǾһ趯ľȻʥ˿¶Ȼ֮ɫ鼤Ǻε֮趯ʥʹùʥҪٵذɡ
˵Ŀⶼ㣬ҪʲôֶεסĹ
վҪ˭Ҳܺ޵еĵλǰ޹˺ߣ۵УɱȻ˿ʥ֮ˡ
һҲСӣӰȻߣܿһ
˼Ȼܣ̲ס̾ϢվǱȲʥ˰ʥ޷Խġ
ӣӵ𣿡۵Уʱ׽Ѿʼɢˣû׽٣۵Ҫɱ㡣
㿴ֳֵ۵ն۵ķâӿЦ¶Ц۵ɱң˭Ҳɱң
ڵ۵֮Уһжݻ٣ֱȥ
£ȻӰ䣬ʥżȥξѪʥţ
Ĵ£УȻʥţʥŹâǣʹɱĵ۵ҲòͣһеʱӰȻʥżȥ
ʥϣʥÿһѷ졣
ãҪӣ峤һȺڷӦˡðź⣬˲Ĵ㡣
һʼۣ֮͵۵֣˵񶼷͵۵ϣΪ˷ɾ裬Ϊѡ
˭֪Ҫɱ̫ࡣ㿪ʥŵʱ򣬴ҶҪһɱֻǣΪ͵۵֣˲ɳȴû뵽Ҫӡ
˲òĽƻһʼͲҵ۵£ΪԼܶ׼
ôƣ㶼Ҫ
峤һȺ˺УȻȥ㱬ȥֲ죬ܺأ۵Ĺ۵ҽ档
ͬʱ趯ѹˡȻɱǼᶨġ۳ֵͬʱǵ涼֣ȳ֡
ĽթԶܹ˼ɣ㿪ʥ֮ͨ趯ץ˹ȥҪɱ㣡
ôǿͬʱ֣õ۵̲ס̾һ뾡㾪ޣǵ̫ˣձڴˡ
ϧˣһ־ˣµԴ˿Ժˡ۵̾Ϣѣڶǿͬʱȥ
Ҫʱȴһӣһ֮䣬һ˳׳֮ضΪֹ֮һ㣬ʱȻֹͣ
â֮ϣԸֱڸ֮ϣЩÿһޱȣۺġЩۼ˷֣ЩﶼģеƷиϡʯо
ٵʮʥʤ齨ɣһ˺Ȼ˲ŵǣһʱȻֹˡ
󣡡۵Ȼڣ˲֪󷨣ʥߣô֪ܲкȻޱȣԲ۾󷨡
ⲻܣôܳС۵𺳣󷨵ΪʲôҲ᣿
ʱ侲ֹõ۵һЦ֮ɫȻǿ̫ˣҲ޼£ֻ·һ
þһȺҲһܵĵ󷨵ĿֲʹΪͨСӡǣ˿ȴ¡
ΪܵסǣΣ
ڶǿͬʱһ˲󷨸飬һϢʱ䶼ûЩˣĲǰϢѡ
ͿһĻ̲סҡҡͷҪǵһͨĻʮϢϣôһ֣áһһҪˣ
ͶĽ⣬ɱɱȾ˵岻ĵǵ۵ѡʥѿֵˡ
ƿ˼ϣ˲Χλãʱʥֻ֮вһ׾ˡʱǰӿɴ󣬳׵İС
峤ʥ֮㣬˵˵Ӳˣɣƫƫ㲻ţ
㣬־ܰɡҪԷ˵ǻῼǸһȫʬ
Сɵ屾ۿˣƿܡ
㲻ҫ㲻ҹ𣿽նҪ㻹
˶ϻǱ۳֣
ÿһ˶ЦĿ㣬Ц֮ɫűĵĿ⿴㡣޿ܻ뿪ȻˣСֶΣΣھԵʵǰҪ
ڶǿ߰Χ㣬˿̾Ϣѣڽˡ
̾ϢȴʱڳеȴЦ˿ǲŵһĻ
ָָֻһȺ˴ЦֹһȺɵƣ



1214 һȺϲ
һȺɵƣ
ŵ˶ʧ˶ʧǵĿ㣬֮صϢڳûһߣǶоԼıˡ
ʲôвʲôţǰһλͰ㷢ӵ쾡£Ȼôǿɵƣ֪ĺʲôܣ
ǱûдЩеĥֶΡʱ˿㻹ŭЩβܱŭ£
ÿһǺεؼÿһǰޱȵģʲôʱյǣǰһȻˣҵôô
ʱΧһȺ˵ǿɫˣǶ˵Ϸ򲻰ĥ꣬Ϸ磡
˵꣬ϵĵ趯ֲѹ¡
ڴʱԶȻı棬Ҫɱ㣬嶨Ȼ㡣
᫱ŭԶͬʱĻкϡ˶޵֮ƶ˻δͱ浲סϸǱ͵ס
ؿкαҳأͿźؿ񵭵˵
ؿ𣬿ǽ͵ǰȴܿԽȥͬҲ޷ͻƹĵֵʥĵ̫ˣǶȻûгֶԸ㣬ȴȫʵסǰİ֡
ںŭ׼ֵʱڳбΧȴڹЦһȺϲģɱΣۻǰȻѣ
һ仰һƬžϺͣ׼ĿռҲȻֹ˵Ŀⶼеϡһ㶵Ŀ㡣
ڳĬƬ֮󣬾͹Ц㵱Լ˭ӣ±ȥɣ
˰ΧȴЦ˾Ȼǹ⣬ǹͬөһϵɢȻͻǹ㣬ɢ
壡˵ɴ۾һȻĿ㣬¶˲֮ɫһ͵ĿƮǹ⣬ؼ仹һȺȻɱۣ
ȴͬһ⣬ݺݵĳһȺ˵ϣһɫǺ죬ӿƮǹ⣬ֻо̵
Ȼˣ֮Ҳˣ㶵ĿǰʹҡҡԴо˼顣
ôܣ˻ǸоͷԲãʧǵĿǰǿְ߳˵ĴۣͨСΧ£ŶԡǣȻˡ
ʲôʲôͨͶˡ
СӵʩչʲôֶΣʲô
ֲ̫ˣͨƭˣˡǸ岻ðˡ
Ϊţ˷ѣ츳ûٽһֻҪٽһǡ
˶ȸǿߣЩ˶ɫѿ¡ΪܵǵӰ죬ؼҲƱ鲼
Ϳɢǹ⣬Ҳ¶˼־졣ȻʲôǴ½һۣȻһȻû鿴ԵʣҲ˲ˡ
һޱϲ˿ɫҲЩѿ˳䣬Ѿûжٶܶˡһ̣̲סŭ⡣
ؿһĻһ֮Ͼ͹ЦЦأǧټΣˣȻһȺѣ
ؿıþһȺɫΪѿҪǼʶؿͽͽֵһս»ȥѺؿնɱ
ͺͺؿһսؿȻشȴӽѣһͨ˵һ˼顣֤ؿǿʱؿһ˿شģϢǵĹ˼ɸ
ϷͲˣؿѾ뿪Цһ⼤ȥ᫼״Ҳߡ
ͬʱ֮УҲżϢһ뿪
ؿ뿪ǰΧпһǺ޵ֱҧƫƫûа취˿ûӰˣѾʥˡ
ʥߣʲôֶΣ۵Ҳɻ󲻽⣬޷㵽ʩչͨƭʥġ
Ϳһ۵۵˵ǰʥ˵һ󷨣󷨴ʱڸƭȻûмԸոյЧпܾ󷨡ֻϹʱڵĻ嶼û˵Сʥֻ˵¶޵֮ɫΪᶮ
۵жѲƽ֤ܺĿֲˡ
Сӵõ˻ĴˣʥĴˣþռơͶŵ۵˵
һ仰õ۵ɫ͵һ䣬ܿͿ˵ʦ޵䣬һԶı䡣
ЦЦû˵ʲôֵ¡Ը֣ܽŵ۵ֳȥҲȻܷˣʥҪɾ
ûɱ㣬ʧ֮ӵ˳һӵʮվҪģ
濴󿪵ʥţ˿̵ȫһеơڴʱۣȻ͵۵֣עʥӴܣʱʩչסǲϢʱ䣬¾ϢʱӽʥġȻô£СֶλǲģҽУܿͻᱻͨ
ԣ㲼壬˵Ŀ⡣ȴѾԶԶ뿪ˡεٶȣôʱ䣬ͨҪҲ̫ˡ
۵ƣȻı֮֡
һеƽϢһ֮ڰĿⶼеϽϣϽŴ򿪣Ϲ˵Ŀ⿪ʼһΣʥʥˡ
û˸̤Сʥʥأô̤ġп϶žɱһСҪС
˵ȴУȽеľȻǵ۵۵Ӱû뵽ʥ֮С۵֮󣬽Ҳȥ˵Ľ룬һȺǿߣҲӰС
ЩͷǿҲϵʥ֮пȥ
ŵһŵڶȻԴԴǰ޵ջǾ֪пΣգȴû˵ס
ͬ½ҲԴԴϵĸǿߣҲ뵽ʥ֮С
ЩչصĻʯȵȣʱܵ߸ʥͻʥŴ󿪵Ϣͬ籩һ㴫ء
ֻҪżʵˣȸϹûջȻġʹңҲ˿ʼ׼һǰʥءǣȴһѹ
ʥ֮⣬ÿ춼߸һ࣬ìܾͶ֮УŸɱ¾


1215 Ҷ˼
Ǵ½Ϊ飬֮£ȻôĶ׷ɱ𾪣ʥؿʥͲԵҪˡ
ʥǳԽͨľ磬ʥһʼԭĸ塣ʱеǿҲʥرӿȥЩʯľҲһðͷܶΪѾ˵Ĵڣʱð˳
ʥһС磬Ȼûд½ô󡣿ҲʮӿԴԴϵˡ
ʥȷʵһɾŨ񣬵ŨŸԴϹʱʥġʥʥ飬ҩģ˵洦ɼҲǶô֮
ȻʥʥҲΣյġӿеˣֻҪһС̤˻岼µĽֹУڷġ
ʥؿ̶̲µʱ䣬ʮ۾ڷڵ۾֮µͲ֪˶ˡ
ͬģʥصõôҲ١в˽ʥͻƲߵĲΡ
ֻУΪʥط
һȺ˲ϵʥأǶʥصԴûȤʵﵽε˵ĵĲʥѡ
ͽһĻʯֱʥĶȥһ·ϽֹϣĽֹڽ˵㲻ʲô
ַ£һµʱȥʥصһһ۵ĵطɳһŲߵ֮£һ꣬겢Ǳˣ㡣
㵱ʥ֮Уʥһطʥر鲼ֹΪӵԵʣЩֹ𲻵ʲôãӶܼܺ򵥵ڵһһֹ
㾪ȵǣ黯ԦƿʱСԭΪ˶ϲû뵽ǣͷӾȻſڰȥ
Ӱȥ֮ٴγ˯ѪҺС
ʱ䣬һ¹ȥˣԼҲԳȥˡ뵽⣬ͨ趯ۣڸԼģһͨ˴һߡ
ʥģ˿ȴûȤ̽ʥءȻûϸϸĲ鿴ʥأҲ֪ЩҪڳʥصҲһ顣
ȻڣȻش½ȥ
ѾﵽۣȫǰȥΪսɱ֮ͬ뿪ʥأҲȫ

׼뿪ʱԶȴ촫һ̲ססӰ֮С
Ҷ˼ͬΪۼһɵۼϾǱҪռҵۼ𣿡һĶд͸߰
һ仰׼뿪ͷһ̲סķ򿴹ȥ
ڲԶվˣһȻҶ˼һһŷ۵ŮӣŮӳ༫Ϊ޳һˣرϴ¶İǴһӺݵС
Ҷ˼оȣŵߵŮӣҲ֡û뵽Ҷ˼
ҵĴ֮޸ĵѾۼ֮λˣҲҪͱˡҶ˼Ů˵
ۼȴûдŹҶ˼ǵۼı־ȻۼǾҪǼ
Ҷ˼˫ŵۼĬ֮˵Ϊ˲ɡΪǴ֮еǵʥ֮ɡϹŴ˶֪ʥغʥ֮ĪĹӵʥ֮нʥĿܡһҪԽһۼ츳ǲˣֻܴʥ֮϶Բԣ
ۼ˿Σ¶˼ᶨĹâ˵ûۼֻõһʥ֮Ĵ֮СĴ֮ﱾûȤֻҪʥ֮ǡ
߰ɣҶ˼ҡҡͷģ
Ҷ˼ҪҪǲֻӲˣۼҶ˼˵ȻǿִС֮ܵӰ죬˿ʵۿۣԶ籾ҪʶȤͰⶫͬһŵķϣƽϡۼҲˣҪִⲻĻǾ͹ֲñˡ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷغҴУҶύȥġ
ҲգȻˣǾֵֻ¼ˡۼҶ˼˵
ۼ˵֮䣬趯عһ໥ӦĪѹʹԶܸоĪѹ
һ̲סž֮ɫ㶵Ŀŵۼû뵽ԷȻʵ˵ĻʵȻﵽ֮ͨ
ҲûʲôֵģۼȻȲϹţɱϾϹµһʥ乬ʵ϶
üͷĿ̲סҶ˼һֱҶ˼ǿ㲻֪ǵõϹ˴оԲǣرʧ⼸꣬Ҷ˼һĴУرߵ˻ɵ껨Ҳֻߵһ޷ٴͻơҶ˼ߵ²ֻ̫ǲ֪ܲܿͨ
ۼſֲƣҲѹȥſֲ֮䣬ضΪ֮Ťݣһ֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ顣һ޾ѹֱ֮Ҷ˼շѹȥ
ѹŵ֮ƿֲܺ춯ءһֱҶ˼ȥҲס
Ҷ˼״趯һлϵıл޴Ļԣ֮ȥ߽һ
û죬û𶯣ֻѿл䣬ѤޱȵĹâ̻ͬš
˶ԻҲǱɳȥɫ԰ףżѪɫѪɫӣһҼľ֮Ĵҡ
˵˿̻ǱĶ֡ʥ֮ΣۼҶ˼Ҷ˼ΪֵԵʣʵۿۣҪѹҶ˼ڻ¡
Ҷ˼ûлشۼһŭ֮䣬ٴ趯ž춯أеĹ֮жͬ׾ٶƣųԽӿžֱҶ˼ȥ
Ȼˣǽձѹ㡣ۼҶ˼
趯Ҷ˼Ըֶα䣬ҪֵǣҶ˼ϾĽڽںˣɫԽԽ԰ףʹϡھԵ£Ǳ׵ѹơ
Ҷ˼ٴѪɵʱ򣬵ۼŭһһ޴ɽ塣Ҷ˼£վͰѹ
Ҷ˼ѹµɽ壬ϸǲ԰˼֣̾һɾڴʱһȴŭ𣺡
һصſֲĻ֮£ֱۻɽ塣
һɽ嵲סȻûк飬ǵסƬ̣˿ȴסҶ˼Ȼߡ
ۼ˸£ŭѣһƴʮɵվҪ
ô涼ɱ˱ۣ㵱ɱ𣿱Ҫߣ㻹סЦ֮䣬ӰûգԶߡ
һ۶ѣڱǰ룬ֱ룡ۼЦһץ˹ȥЦ֮ɫ
ɾץȥʱһʱȻľֹĵסһ
ʱ侲ֹۼɫ䣬һ˴Ҷ˼ߡ


1216 
ۼƿ⾲ֹʱʱҶ˼֪ȥˡۼɫĿǰſտҲأбŭͬʱż־ԷһۣôʩչֶΣոհǰӦһʥ󣬵ۼϾµ˭еŨ
ʩչ󷨵Ĵۣؾλķз漣ˡߣ֪ӵһ֪β£ڱǰҫˡ
ۼɫҲŭ⡣ʥ֮غ޴ѵѰûܴҶ˼ᣬȴû뵽ƻˡ
˿̱Ҷ˼룬ֻҪҶ˼ȹѵһأִнڡʱԼҶ˼Ķ֣뵽⣬ۼǰ֮ǡ
ۼŭɫֱֱĶҶ˼ʧķûȡ׷ΪԼΪͨ˷ôʱҲ׷㡣Ͼ㲻ͬһĴۡ
ֶΣԼζ׷ϵģӵôΧɱʧܵľܿó
ҫһ󣬻£ʰ㡣

Ȼ֪Ҷ˼ۼ㲻ں˵ѾôѾںˣ͵ΪҶ˼ҲܺΪУںۼ
һµʱ䣬ҶʥУҶ˼ȴУǴʥ߳ˡ
Զʥ֮Ҷ˼ŷģҶ˼ǰӣеɻڱ֮⣬ԼͱֵļΪʧ̬ӡ˿̸ΪԼۼҶ˼ŬҪļ䣬ǺȻһ֪
㿴ǰŮˣŮ˴˿̸Ϊˣ£پ̳ͬģվʧɫµĲѡ
ǿŰӵ뻳д⣬Ҷ˼ЦҶ˼㣡
Ҷ˼㣬֮˵ллң
Ҷ˼仰к˴룬Цһ֪Ҷ˼ɲǵҲûǿֻǿҶ˼˵Ҷ˼лɵĴУ˿̴֮ϣǵҲֻ֣ǣҶ˼һٴμҵġ
Ҷ˼㣬˫ʮֶˣ˵ǰʶң
Ҷ˼ЩҲϲ⣺ҺҶ˼һСʶں׳Ͻǵ۶ֿҶ˼ǵĲҶѣҶ˼㻹ǵñˣ̻ύѣ˿̻Ѿ׳˲֪ٱҶ˼Իȥ
Ҷ˼˵ͷ漴˵ʱһϽģǴ˿̲У
ûбҶ˼ͷҲҶ˼㲻ǵңЩһֱҵУı䲻ãҲΪ֮ı䡣
Ҷ˼һ㶣֮˵ĺ촽˵֪֮ǰʲôϵ
һ仰Ҷ˼峺ޱȴѯʵ֮ŻĻصҸ㣬ҵŮ𣿡
Ҷ˼ɫûбãֻ˫ӾĿ㣬վԴУҶ˼֪ˣ
û˵벻ţҶ˼˵ֻһ֪ˡʧ֮УҶ˼ȴ˺ǰĿռ䣬ʧС
Ҷ˼뿪ҲмƽҶ˼ٶҲ֪뷨
Ҳգһ죬ȫġһҶ˼Ժ˿̼ȻѾﵽеҪǾͿʼΪսɱ֮ɡ
ٶҲ죬Ϲȥһ·Ҳʮֵĵ͵Ȼ˿˵ĿⶼеʥأҪ˷ĻŻǺܶҪɱġ
Ȼ;УҲû֪ͨٻ㣬ٻڣ
㵽֮Ҳǹֻǰûգ뵽ӵΪˣ㻹ѡŶԷڶԵѪôȷʵ޺ͻΪе˼ҲΪԼǻ壬ҪɱԼ
ڵʱɽոսڣӵ𣺡ӷ𣡹ţʩǰ
һݣӶôֲȻûԼ٣ĴʵھôԶĻͨ׷֡ԼոսԷͲˡ֪ӵĿֲˡ
ʦ룬ҲӣˬʴЦ̤Ӿ
Ӽ㵽۾˵ϲʩʵǣϲɺأ
ôʦԣЦҪŴʦİô첽Ҳ̫ܡ
ʩĻԵлɮҡҡͷֻû뵽ǣʩȻʥ֮ˣѹʩԶΪɮѰ֮ˡ
㹪ϸֻ֪ǹϵش󣬲ʾˣҪǱƵûа취Ҳᱩ¶
ĻЦЦ˵ʩվ°ȻȫˣдԴˣȻ
ǾͳдʦˡЦЦ˵˴ǰشʦ֪Ҫʲô֪ʦ
ɮ˵ֻҪƷɮԵΪʩɱ֮ɮ˵
˾Ͷлʦˣʱ䣬˻еƷҲΪսɱ֮ʦ֮ҪҶѰ㿴ɮ˵
ãֽһħǴϲ֮¡ӰԵͷ˵ˣǾٵȼա
Ҳ⼸죬һ֮󣬾ǱӡҪǿʶܺϰһۣԼͲ̫ˣ۵ܵһͿ
֮ǰڴһǻԶػ㵽쳣Ĺ֮󣬹ÿȥ
㾪治ѣû뵽ǸĺоȻҲʼҲ֣ԷʵҲűǣ׼۵ʵզ಻ѡ
㣡ˣտϲϽܹգ˫ĵӣɢһɲͬյְеձס̲ס˽ֱۣմĵܰ㣬ǰһжòʲôˡ
ձķƣѹڵɱ֮ӿ뵽յڣɱ֮֮ǰΪ񱩣ʥأҲֲһʱˡ
ôˣһ
ҵɱ֮İ취ˡ˵ʱͰ
һ仰ȸԾҲĬ֮ղͷĿƵĿΪңǲ˺ܶࡣ
Ȼû뿪֪ϢҲóжôѡ
ûʲôѵģȻЩ鷳׾ٽˡνʼ硣
㻹û˵꣬վ͵ͷź촽ס졣촽ȶսı㣬㶼̲סУ󷴱գ˾ͳֳ֮Уڷ£ԡ



1217 
֮ٻڵ㿴浾ٻ㣬ɳ費Цӭȥ˵㲻ΪһŶһӵ𣿡
ȥʱѾռһαˡٻ㵭˵˿ûкӵ˼
ٻˣʼã֪ˣ˵һӵ
˵˵ٻЦãһۣվǰſӵһ
ٻ޳˱㱧ţȴϣŮĳȣҲܸоԷģһ鲻ԽĽ˽
ãٻ˵ĶϣЩ
Ҳãһ䣬Ŷͷѹٻļ鲻ԽĿһ𣬺ǻᡣ
һ仰ٻ糺ۼĺֿûĻöͷķ˿ִָݵ浾˵ľڤˮҩʵȶˡʲôʱְգ
ŴٻǰӣӶҲȤû˵յ飬Ǻٻ̸˹顣
ཻ׵һԣЦáҲûдǣٵ졣ɮٻڷ۵ĿתƵϡ
ɮԳһ£ǲ֤һɹ˰ɹܴﵽ߳ɡɮ˵
ǰΪǣʧܣͶСҲǰ㹪ɮһһĸԸ
ˣɮԣɮ˵֮ǰҪʥѪ
ȻͷǰܷԸ
ʥЩطΨʥʩչþѪӡϷҪľʩչЩطѪӡɮǣɱ֮дáɮ˵۵ʵЩطǿʩչҪʥѪӡ˺С
޷ҡҡͷһЩѪѣһʧĵ𡣡
ˣɮɣɮ˵һһȻȲ˽֮УҲȻ
Уȡһ伮ݸ˵ʥطÿһʥڵΪѪռġʥ֮ɮȻʩչȴ޷ӡѪУΨֻʥѪпܷӡ
ӡľѪɮдãûһҪһӵطľѪʩչʩǣɱ֮ɮ˵⣬˶˵ֻҪҪطѪȡɮʹǰ㿴Σ
˰ɣͷӦɮٻ뿪ڵһʥرչء
ٻſҪ˵ʲôǿᶨɫվû˵ʲôɮһ˳ȥ
չأٻ˵ཻǢڼ˵ĵȴ֮Уһ֮ڿ˴š
պٻ㱼ȥ㣬ʱɫ԰ף˿ң˷·ʮһ㣬ϢҲҲѣ̬
㣡۾ͨ죬̲סʶ㡣
ЦЦ˵û£һ¾ͻã
˵꣬Ŀ⿴ɮȡһУݸɮ˵ʦմʦҪľѪطѾŪãʦְɡ
ɮ̬˫ֺʲӷɮԵΪ
գٻ˵ʦȥɡ
ٻͷһɮ㾡ܴ˿̿ٻֻ֪Ҫ㲻ĻⲢ̫⣬ֻҪʱǣοһҽʿΪԼָѪ
ٻһȺ뿪һܵЩҵϢ̲סЦ˼
Щطֲ̫þѪӡʧҪǣҩĲ٣ʳ˲ҩݣҪȫɶѡ
뵽ЩѪӡطҲľطÿһǿޱȣҪһʩչԲһͨǣȻǣյɱ֮
Щ죬ҪָѪˡһ㵹ǲģֻҪѪĻָοϻһ굱ڹʿĹѨõҩʡ޷ã˿ﵽۣÿá
һҩʣľѪָܻ٣Ҳİ
ɮٻΪտɱ֮ʱҲʼ塣
һһ¹ȥһ¹ȥҲָ߰˰ˣȻɫмֲ԰ףϢȴƳ
ԶʦʦǳûУڽԱߵĻԶ
ʦδأʩ԰꣡ɮ˵
ͷδĽ˵һ仰ȴһ۵ǰ
۵ɫ˱䣬̲סԶ
ԶʱɫҲÿ˵ʩʦڵ߶ڽ֮УΪʦ𻤷˿̲ʧ
㿴һ۽漴˵ͷףǣһΪǵס
˵֮꣬ȥ
۵ǰǰһ۵ϺӲδ֣̲ס󺰵ǰһֻҪнˡ
˵֮䣬۵Ȼ̤
ڵ۵ϵʱһȴը죺ǰ˿Ҫ£ܴŵġҪʲô飬ұ۾ǡ
õ۵һ㶣Ŵ߳㣬ޱȾȵ˵㣡㣡
۵һ֮漴ЦȻҳ֣ǲ֪
Ϊβҳ֣㶢ŵ۵˵ϴܴѪһҲܡ
仰۵ɫļΪѿĶ
Ц˭ûɱңһĺúõĲ𣿡
۵ɫŵǰ㣬һ˵޿
ϴα۶ߣһǻκҲɣЦ
۵ҡҡͷϴǺˣһȴûôˣĲó֡㵱Ϊֵֻһ𣿡
۵˵֮䣬ͻȻŴЦ֮㣡̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣵û뵽Ȼڣ㻹ӵ𣿡
֮Ȼ߳Ӱ棬棬Ϳ棬߳һζ֮ɫ
ɫ˱䣬û뵽۵Ȼһǰġ
㣡û뵽ɣû֮ǰĺˡ۵㣬漴˵λǰǰӡסʩչܵĻᣬʰҸʲô޵С
۵ֶ⣡Ȼٴ룬ҪҪæͿ˵һЦղôҪ
۵˵λǰģʤ֮⴦á
۵˵꣬ӿ㸲Ƕȥ磬㣡ɣһսñ۸㣬ʲô޵У


1218 ճ
ǲɱ۲ˣ㿴һȺЦΪôɱ𣿱۾ҪҲһᣬŲţ
仰һΪͨǣȻһвǴǵǣǰֲСӡΪʾʱսۣʱΪۣ֪ôǿ
ʥ˶սƽ֣Ϳֲ֪ˣ
رһȺаΧѵֶΣļ¡һˣ˭ұ֤ûвֶͨΣ
ԣȻ۵Ըʰ㣬ҲֵԸ⣡
۵˵ûõģǿҲǿۣһҪ
仰Ҳ⣬ϢĵƱ֮䣬ֲĻ֮ӿŽأı񱩵ıŰ
㲻񣡡֮䣬âɣ£Ծӿֱ񷣬ﶼ𶯣ʹһƬǷ⻹ǱӿƸѹס
ӿüɫ˱䣬ƿֲѾһĴۣ˸о裬ܷӡȣԲѵĿܡ
۵Ҳɫأ޵еģȴòǿ
۵ת£Թ֮趯ⱬ䣬ݣֱֱӭ˹ȥһâǣս¡¡ҫ䡣
˽֣ЩڵͽȻ˹ڵϣ˽սĵطĤ
۵Уһȫһ֮䣬Ϊǿֱȥݻģֲ쳣ֱӿ㲻Сӡ
ֱۻ裬ķ֮ݻһֲ۲ϵķ׳ʣں죬ͬڣƴ׳ֱԷȥͬһ㣬ɽ¶޹Ψ˽ֵľ֮
۵㽻ֹһΣ׶ԷǿԳֶû飬ԿֲʽԿԷ
ˣ۵һȭȥͬʱɳȥЩֱ˵һΣɱҪǿ١
Ȼоĵ۵ϴ˿ҪǿԼһߣǶԷԼǿǴľѪûȫָҲ˼֡
۵˿ȴȫʢȻȻżֲࡣϴսԷʱټ׵İȻҪ˿ǿһЩ
ԭΪһһԽԽˣǱ۵Ķ֡۵˵
һʹˣҲκβ˱ۣȻΪԭЩ㡣ǣӰ첻˱۵ս
˵֮䣬ձһ׹Ⱪķ֮ʩչ趯֮䣬Űľâףÿһ˶𺳲ѡ
۵趯ۣնƹŽֱȥ
䡭
һ죬ѣŹâ貶Ŀÿһ˶ôۣͶԷͬʱ
㱻˳ȥ۵Ҳ̤ͬյˣ㿴ޱĵ۵һǿɾȻκβ˶ԷϹŵһʥĴˣ޵ˡ
ٴǰʥ趯ݻϬ˫ƿռ䣬ֱ֣Էȥ
۵㣬Ҳ˼֣ǰʮǿ趯˿г뻯Ȼ˿ռϷ硣
սʱ˶Ѿս˿֣ϵʩչݻھ۷֮ս֮Уϵ
¡
֮˶Ǹ߰ΪԼ޵У˭ҲԸڶԷ֮趯ֲѪԾأϵ趯Ծ֮ԿԷ
˽طʩչ¯Ƿ켫ĵز˾ͻâĹϵŶԷҪȥ
͵۵ͬһˣǶ޵е򵽷ʵȴȣϣڽеõʾͬҲѪǱ
˿һĻһզ಻ѣû뵽Ȼܺʥսֵزǿ⽻ֵļң뵽ԼеĴۣҪǺ㽻֣ذɡ

һⱬ䣬ʩչԾɱֱ۵ĿڣսʱҲŲٵ˿ˣԡѪսֲ
۵ͬˣ³һѪҺݻ£ͬԡѪﵽȥ֮䣬ֲ£Ҳȥ
˵Ҫ˾Ȼܣ趯еʽԷҪͬʱ֣ͬʱ趯ŶԷܿ
ǣ˶ɫֱۿ˵ĹҪڶԷҪʱͬʱӰܿҪǣʱȻܿҪǿֲȴĺ˫ϡ
͡
͵۵ͬʱѪ˳ȥ֮Ѫģ˱شϢ
㵥壬ĶǰѪҺĵ۵Цʵͱ൱Σǣбǿһܵشذɡ
Ļ۵ǲ԰׵ɫϸѿʥҲСɵĵ塣ǣȴû뵽ԷǿȾȻҪǿ֡
ǲ˼ģȴĳǰ
۵㼥༥ΣɱɣҶشȴͨΧš
仰˵꣬ɫ˱䣬Ŀ⿴棬Щ׼֡
۵ֶҪҪְˡȻ˿شѯŵ۵۵Ҫܺƴˡ
۵˾һ˵ȻɱֻʥˣմȾʥѪҺǲáλȻˣҪһʲôѾش㣬ѵǻҳ𣿡
۵˵⣬˶˵ȻҪǲҳֱ֣Ӻͱ˵ǣȻֵġ
һȺ˱۵ңҲЩĿ⿴˵һ۶ѣɱɱ˭һ
һ仰Ȼ˵˼ȴǸߵ۵Ϊʥ˾ҵǰҫȻǻҪĵطŭǣһܰվǴ۶ѡ
۵ȻԷĻȻ˼ͨǲͨԷҪɱҲ
㣡ҵȾȥ涢˵־͹̫ţ
̤Χȥ
Цһ׼趯ѪƴһʱУһɾɱ֮𶯲ã򣬺ƴޱȣͬǧڣɱ֮£񷱻ȾѪ죬˶
ױȵɱֲ֮Ǻӱ飬涼ۿȥɫĺѪɫ
ǸҶԣСˣҪȫ𣡡
һѪɱ¾Ļþ䣬Ҳ˲ôˣ͵֣Ҫ㡣


1219 ɱ
Ȼ֣ѪȵͺȱھһҪϵʱһһѪŮվǰŮ֣վͬһɽָ㶯ģȻķ˳ȥ
˺ȻĶվǰŮӣŮһѪ£ȫŨҵɱ֮վǰֺɱ֮ȴûһ˶̲סһ
Ȼգմ˿ȫһκһ˶ݵѪɱǰȫӿɱ⣬ֺɱУȴһɱһ𣬸մһ̬֮
ʧ֮һۿգ¶֮ɫſ־庰Ѫǣ
Ȼ֪ѪǵĿֲһʣҪƿɱ֮ܿȴͨˡǿֲĴڣϹʱڵѪ˶ɱֻû뵽ģھȻѪǵĴڣҿɱ֮ɢȻҲɱ֮
㶵Ŀգ޷뵽ʥؾȻһɱ
㿴ճҲϲն˵ͷ漴Ŀϣգ
汻նţоȫĶһɺֻȳ⣬ҲʾԵϷ򻹲ɱġ
˵꣬ձȥһ֮ͨȻƲˣ˭оеĿֲŨ֮УͨصĴӿա
㿴۾һһֲֿĿֶΣΪ۵ġ£Ҫʩչǿֵ㲻ЩĵĿգ֪ѪǵĿֲҲֻڴ˵ѣ֪жǿ
ǣܿͼʶˣֻվϵɱ֮ѪһȥرŤǱɱ֮ӿ£ֱӱʴĸɸɾȻһ˿ûڳ
͡˶̲סһ㶵Ŀգ˿̲׶Էжôֲ
۵һȺ˶һۣ̲סһҲԽӡᡣ
ʱҲɫ䣬̲סŵ۵һȺ˺һɱ
ǺǡͿ棬Ц˼ԶԶž棬ûгֵ˼
ʲôЦǰѪǣϹźųɱ֮ľڣǿ߲ɱ⼸ҪɱѪǣǿЦ
⼸˿ûа˼޵ֱҧж⣡
ǣȻҪɱ˵Ҫͱ
˵꣬ϵɱ֮Ȼ͸֮УһƬ˲仯Ѫ֮ɫѪ֮ζϵӿѪ֮ӿ֮䣬ﶼŤȫմȾɱ֮һƬɱա
Ҫ˺ѿռ䣬ȴһռѾǿ˲ֹٱҪ˺
޷ߣ涢˵ΪϷ㲻ɣѪǣҪɱϷҲ롣
˵꣬汩Ծ趯ʥǾȻûһ˿ӿ֮䣬һĻչ
һĻˣ̲סڵأǾǷ飬Ψзơ
ɾһУȴһֱȻץ˳ȥžùȥ
ϾһͨҲôģվȻʰЦ㵱Ϸϲɡ
˵꣬ͬ趯ۣ趯һ˹ȥ
û죬ֻǺصҫ۹ââ䡣տֲҪһסҲ̫ܡȻһдѪɳȥȴĵ
ҪӴܣ͹գû뵽յ֮ͫôֲĹâ
ֻСֻɱ֮ȴ˱С㻹Ĺͫ
˵֮䣬쾪â캳صȥŰĿֲЧû֮ͫУھϡ
ҽһ˾ȻȻĴѪҺ岻ϵӿ
ʱٴȻžһץȥĻᶼûУͱץס
ʲô£˶ѣȵȾͰɿܣ
˵꣬һɱ֮ϵĴ뵽֮УȻ׵ķӡ궼յĹͫӡ
һо׵ʰˡ
ڵˣɴ۾Ŀգо˼顣ףΪʲôϹʱڵѪôѶԸˣڵĹֻѳħֶνѪǡ
ȻձϹŵѪǻҪǿΪһ˫Ĺͫ
һͨͿҲðź⡣ʲôֶΣֻдͨſȻǰŮܿȴͨ
˿̱˵ǶԸˣǶΣˡ
Ȼڽ˾֮Ŀ⿴ǣһߣ
յһ仰䡣յɱ֮ӿȥǵʱһӿĵסյɱӷ𣡷ʥأȾѪȣλʲôԹ뵽ȥ
һ仰üͷվͣ˵ܲӵҪȴܲӦ
Ȼʦڣվʦԣջɱ֮ȫɱ֮ڣȻܸоѪȣĹ֮ͫ͸¶
Ϳ˼ղ֣ǸϽ뿪Ҳ˲ǰӵˡ
ûգӰȻʣҲòӣֻܿǴԼ뿪
Ŀ⿴գ˿̵մɱͬһѪȫ߶ǰ͹̣ټصʣһּΪ޵Уʮֵջ
㿴Ŵ˿̵գŲ̬֮Ҷ˼ǵߵ࣬Ļǧ̬ٻ㾲£ŵˣŮ̷ϳ죬̸ǹɴķޡΨգһޣɴޣǶĻꡣ
㣡ոոմ˿ȴż˷ܵܵߣסļǾ˵ջޣ̲סĻ𵴡
׼˵ʲôʱӵ˹ʩ֮ɮѾ˴ʩ֮أ
仰֪ˣЦЦµķлǰ֮ģ
ûеõӵĻӦѯٻδȥˣȴõѾ񹬵


1220 ʥ
ɽƣʺ磬ӭ磬һɽʯ֮ϡ
մ˿ûصľֲͬһͨŮӣĻС㻳գϴĵܰ㣬Եĸо
ռĵգĿ̲סתƵհ͹µĽϡ˾Щֲֵ͸յ֫ϸ֫˫޳ϡ
׼Ҷ㲻֣ƺ֪Ҫʲôɫ糺İһۡ
ɲյ֫ɲЩۣȥһ¾ͻ˹ɹ룬ЩձٶŪɫ糺죬ͷԺУֱ㣬ʱʱһ١
һֻЩ̰ĴסգƵյǰͦεıİϣʮ˳Ź
ܵĴ̼һ͵ı巢̣糺Ѫˡ
ۻĴյ޲ɷͷסյķۺ
Ҫ
Ҫƿ㣬ȴסĽ촽շ

ոоѾӹɼ们ȥʪպߵͬʱҲЩֽܿı㡣
Ҳϴ֣ܿͰǶȥĲˣһ磬˱ţƶһ㣬ļҲЩ
ոоĵһͬһ̵Ϣҧݣץסһȥţֲ֪룬ȥ
쳣Ļ󣬾򵥵ľͻȥ㶼סҪгǰŮˣȻͬһһƶ
𶯣ʹץ㣬ǲоٶ
ͣһʱղŻ壬Ӧ΢ƶ

Ȼ̰̰£ЩֹܵһĥЩʹݺݵĵһۣȻ㿴ĺ£վ˼ڣֻǺݺݵ㡣
û뵽һһȻٴͦŵոϽס֡

ջصңٴһǵŮӻɴ۾ǺܿʹЦããģ
ȻɱҲĸľ֪Ѫǵʱ򣬸𶯲ѣ˴ĴָŮ˶Լĺöӡ
ѪǵϢҲ᫺ͺϣ˼´գ˷ܲѣѪǵĿֲȻ֪ǵһˡ
⻹ǬãǲǴǬҲվһߡ
ʥؿ֮󣬸вϵð᫶оҪֶԸңܵס
ܿ죬᫾еõһ𶯵Ϣ汻ոˡ
ϢһϺ᫶Ϊ֮𶯣ȻѵĿա֪ѪǵĿֲǸɵһͨҲô׵顣
ʱǲǰԵùɵŮ˶ôֲ
ҲǰʥһΣѪǣϷ㣬սϸǵûСǽȴڣӪҪܿâͻȻź˵
һúϵͷźͽͽ֣ҵ˺͵峹ںϵȻδȫںϣȴʵˡѾȴͨѪǣκһȥáֻҪҪϹЩΧǣ˭κεǣ
ϹŴǺεҲֶԸǣοҪ֣˴Ӿǡ˿̣Ӫȥʥơ
Ϊʥ֮ˣơҪǣ֪ʥ֮
㣡οϿ˵
Ǿȥ˾뿪ʥûа취˿̼ȻлĻȻȥʥؿ
ȻˣǾȥɣһĶȻûйø˵ĿܡҪõʥΪʥ屨𡣡
ϵĻЦЦҲû˵ʲôʥѵõ˭֪㲻ö٣㵹ҪʥûʺĻʵһΣﵽֻͨҪﵽͨľͨҪԼҲô׵顣
ģͬ˿̾ͨҪҲô򵥵һ

˾һ˾ͱƺƵʥضȥû˿ԼľٶÿһĻ̲ס㵣Ȼ˴󵨣Ȼŵĳ˵ǰ
ȻҲע⵽ߵգǹɱͬѣֻҪտһۣǸоԼ궼ҪɢƵģֿ־ǺȻв²Ůӵݡ
˵̽£ܿյݾͲ̽ǺȻĿǰŮӣŲ֮ɫ
У𺳣ȻѪǣ
ܶ˲֪Ѫʲô˾ͽϹѪǵĿֲһףΪʲôŵٴγˡ
һȴͨѪǣһս͵ĺؿһؼ棬κһ˶ˣ˾ȻΪ˻ǰʥء
Ӫûͨ˭ȥ
ֶͨԸǣȻǲ̫ʵġȥԸʥֹͨЩϹŵĴʲôʱֹοΪʰһ۵㣬ֵ
ʥѪΣЩ˵ʥ嶼µһѪǲģ
˵֮УһȺ˽ʥ֮С
ʥ֮Уֹ٣Ȼһ˵ĽŲȴ鷳̲סҪĻܱܿЩֹ
ֻ֮󣬾ûϢѪҺ֮Уôûá̾һҲ޿κΡ
һһ·ʥģ;ҲܿЩ棬Щ濴һǴϲɾ׼ֵʱ򣬼ߵĺʱȻ䣬ԶԶߡ
ʥصϢܿʹܶ˾ȻԶԶĵΪʥ֮ˣ˵ҵʥص֮ء
ЩʥѰȻҳеõôм˽ʥز׼֮ǣȴûзʥصڡ
ʹһȺˣҲûзʲôߡΨе۵ֵʲôȴ뿪ʥأ˭Ҳеòʲô˿˵Ҳܴ﷢ʲô
ԣܶ˶Ը
ʥزƸأֱ￴զ಻ѣЩһļ壬ҲܴһһĹɡǣˣ˾;ûʲôˡܶˣڴʥ


1221 ܣ
ʥģҲ˲ٺöЩڴ˿̵˵⡣ʥأһܵʱ䣬ȴûʲôرķ֡
øһȺ̲ס̾Ϣʥ֮ˣվϹʥ壬ɷֲʥصܡ
ҲΪܶɢڸѰ
㣡ûһ˿֣Ҳ̲סüͷԭΪʥѪķ֡ǣʵ㲢ûΪܵԴ
ЦҡҡͷѾѪ֮ˣȴһ˿ʲôرûио
仰ҡҡͷҿɣȻûƣֻСһ̽ˡ
ں׼뿪ʱĿȴͻȻԶԶһɽɽǸո߹ʱûʲô֣ԶԶĿɽȴһصķ֡
ɽοգǳɽͬ㶦һ㣬Ȼ֮䣡
ôˣ㶢ǰĴɽ̲ס㣬ĿҲ̲ס˳㿴ȥ
տעӵĴɽȻɽЩأοգʥ̫ĶˣյɽУοյֻʣŵɽʲô
ǣȴĿǣɻʵʲô𣿡
ûз֣ɽЩһ㶦Ĵ󶦣㿴ɽźϡ
㶦Ҳ㶣漴ɽôһ˵һмơ
мƣ϶˵
ɫһ޷õĹŶҲΪŶɽЩ棬ڵĹŶЩơ
Ŷģһʼ֪ʹ˿̣㶼׹Ŷ̺ʲôܡ
ϼʶӵеĹŶûз֣֮ź˵
ҡҡͷûз֮ɽҪ濴ܷжģ
һ֣ڿնǰĴɽϵȻʱ춯ء
ҿһֱӳֲ֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ飬һֱɽȴȻҪǰĴɽΪƽء
ΪһۣҪһɽΪƽ׾ٵ飬ο˷һʱžӿ֮һж˺ѡ
ɾһڴɽ֮ϣɽû˶ݻ٣Ȼ䡣еΪƽȴûзɽǴɽֻıһѡ
ȻйŹ֣һȺ̲ס棬ɴ۾Ŀɽ
һûаɽΪƽأоͬʱе֮Ҳϵ趯һ֮䣬ϵĳɽȥɽ䣬ȴ޷׵Ĵݻ
Ƿ趯֮趯𵴵һƬ˶ĿҲķ֣£ɽȻǰȻֻһ
һܿǰһ𺳵Ĵڡ
£ԭɽʧǰеһ޴Ķȫ¶ȫͭɫ£ɢŹӵĹ
֮䣬ΰ׳ۣ㶦·ҪضƵġ
һ£Ȼһ˿ĺۼûС
Ҳ㶵Ŀǰȥ֮󣬳ֵľȻһ׼Ĵ󶦣ⶦӵеʮơ
㿴̵ֶɽǳ£㾡ԼĶϼʶȴû𺳡
ͺ϶һۣ˶Էеľ֮ɫ
ȥͺ˾һŹŶȥ
ڹŶıԵûзʲô֮ɫ·һƵġȻ㶨ȻŶпȥʱȴһƬڣʲôΨһĵط
ϿڵĹŶڲ䣬ȥȥȴӹŶϿ³ٴ˹Ŷ֮⡣
ףϾĿŹŶٴȥǽһȥ֮󣬺ܿٴγڶ⡣
ŶȻЧ㲻ͬ䣬̺Ȼǿռ䣬ҶѲֹоͱͳ԰ʥǿڿռϣѵŶͰʥйϵϾȲѣĿ̲ס㡣
ʱҪѹŶǹŶȻӣ˿ûΪĺ仯
㣡ȥԣܲܽС϶˵˭֪Ŷ֮кпдܡ
һ˵ͷ˵ȥԣ
˵꣬ҲУǺȻҲ޷⣬ҲͳŶ֮⡣
˼ΣĽҲĽ˲զ಻ѡ
һĻһüѣͬģı䶯ҲˣһȺҲϹǿ޴ĹŶҲ𺳣һʧĿŶ
Ǻܿ죬ּѵʥŶ֮𣿡
̲ס˷һȺ˼䵽ŶϣŹŶ֮ȥȴֽһ
ǲʣϵ룬Ƕһ˭ܽŶ֮С
ģĿҲŵϣߵӪЩüͷҲľѡ
ոܵǲעӣϵɱ֮ӿýͶɫ䣬ĿתƵϣѪǣ
ʹϹŶȻ֪ѪǵĿֲԭ뷨ʱҲһѪǽ֣ʵΪǡο߻һؿ
ң뵱Һûɱ㡣ҪȻ˭뵽ɽ֮£ĴڡȻǻ˸ҵܡ
㣡ûа취Ϳ˵
ЦȻУһִӦʲô
ſں˵ҪңҾ͸һεһĻ
˵ΪΪңкô
ЦǾͲˣܴʥأѾļˡ
Ļ͵ɫ뵽һȺ˸ոҲüͷͷӦ浱ܿԭҲˡ
ûлشĿ⿴ŶǹŶ磬ɽ±ãС
һûйЩˣһӡĽӡ᲻ǱģǴӹŶϵõͨ
һĴ֮мһļ֮䣬ݻɽӣɽӺ͵̵ɽһģһһĻ۾һĿ̲ס㣺ѵа취ɣ
㲻֪ʲôӡݻɽӣȻûйŶϵĸӣȴͬ


1222 ʥ
еӡ᲻ϵĽɽ²ϵı任һѹصƱӿѹһ㣬ڹŶ֮ϡ
ƽӴŶӿɽ¾Ȼ͹Ŷɽ½ڣ໥ӡ֤
ӡ֤£ھ޴ĶϵĻȻƶƶͬʱߵĹââ֮䣬Ŷž֮ϵӿֳ
⾪֮ӿֵͬʱŶ֮ҲһƬڣǴ۵Ĺâ
˿һĻסʧĿǰȴŹŶɱ䣬˭ĳŶܺпܾҪֳˡ
ڴ֮УͻȻһѹϢݻɽӻۼͷȻĳһŶ
ŶǰĹŶһģһֻǴЦͬѡ
㿴ͷĹŶɫϲеĹŶзӦˡܵŶһĻİ˺϶ѹһ㣬еӡĸˡ
һȺ˿ͷϵĹŶȴɫһ䣬ŶϢֲ̫ˣ·ҪѹƵġ
㶵ĿͷĹŶҼʶצͼʶĿֲǣǰĹŶȻҲָо
Ҳ˵ŶпǺצͼͬȵĴڡ
𺳲ѵĿͷĹŶ˵֮УͷŶɽ£Ȼסĳ뵽ɽ֮С
ڹŶ䵽ɽ֮УͬɽĴҲŤһķ׭ӿֳķ׭ӿ֮䣬ճһ޴Ĺȫɷ׭ɣޱȣɢĵĹâֹâҫ֮䣬˶оԼĵܵǣƵģ鲻Խĺǰӿĵ۹
ǽָͣоýͲţǺεʲôǣĵ
͵ۿǰ׭۶ɵĹͻȻ뵽һֿܣΨֿܲܽͣʲôǣĵ
ʥ
ͳȵĶͷֵľ޴󹬵˷ܲѣûһʥȥʥޱĿܣ
ϵҲͬͷͷϱķġЩĴɹԽԽܶȥһƬ֣׭˿ľ
ķ׭Ѿ֪ٵˣһӵеķ׭ʮ
ĴǺܿ˷ȫط׭ɵĹЩֻǴһ롣
ͷƷĹ˻һۣжɻ֮ɫ
ƷɫΪŹ֣ҲüͷѾ⹬Ժʥйˣȴȫ˵ԻҪ򿪵Կףܳ׵۳Ĺ
㱩ĹŶһԿףǱأ
鲻Խӿʥ֮ʥ֣֮Ȼ͹໥Ӧһϵʥ֮ĹâҲ䵽Ĵ֮ϣֻֻһȣȻһ죬ȴʲô¶ˡ
ʥйأѾ˷ܵĲˣѾȫȷ⹬ʥйءҪĲǰµİɹҲֳ
۵ҵһЩߣǲа취
۵ȥˣͳʵһ仰Ҳ˷ӦԿʼ۵Ϣ
ѵ۵ҳȫĹʥԣ˶˷ʥǳԽͨ޵о硣

㲢֪ı䶯˿ڴ֮УʧһĻŶ֮У׵磬׺ӿϵı£׺˿ʥƷ׵ıĿֲ
ⲻҪģҪ⾪׺֮Уضſֲս⡣սǾ˵ģ㶼Ϊ֮Ȼѡս·սսأеһжҪ޾ս֮С
ս׺ڣγ˶صĿռ䡣
۹ŶŶ˿Ѿͷһ׵׵ڹŶ֮ϣŶԽԽйо͹ŶϵҲ˼֡
䡭䡭
׵粻ϵ£׵ǾģԽԽǿ׵㶼оļ£׵Ѿ֪ÿһ׵¶ŶصĵԵͣ񱩡
ⲻͬĵ£ϵĺڹŶ֮ϣŶĺ졣
ɴ۾ĿһĻðź⣬ϱϹƣʹ׵׵磬̲סðź⡣
׵Ҳʼ䵽ϣӵףֵܵס׵磬ܽ׵֮ǿ˶
屻ͬʱȵõĶƣȻʱҲⱩ׵֮С
һʱžƣһɱⱩףʹ׵綼ҪܿâƵġ
㿴һĻǾȲѣǹһ֣Ǻķ˻ɵģȻδɹֲѹܿĳ
һֲ֣ͬ׵ǷıٴαһΣϵ䵽ϡ
㾪ȵͬʱսȻӿսŰԵϢӿ֮ȻһΣֱֱǰ
εսֱһȭ˹ȥһȭ𵴶޹⣬춯֮䣬㲻òӭȥȻԷĵʮǿһʹӦԲ㱬˶
ĺ˲ûöԷֹͣͬʱģҲ۳һսɵǿڣͬһ˹
䡭
¶ԷһֶԷ˿㺧ȻѣȻĺܿͷ֣սɵˣͬʱΧȥ
𺳲ս۵սÿһ򵥣ʵǷǿԿĴڡһ㶼оͷۣͬʱ֣оͷƤˡ
ôͷƤ飬㲻òҧӭȥԸطսսӿս塣׵ȴɲϵϡ
ս۵ս壬ȥսʲôΪԵĹϵĳ㣬ÿһ£սΪսսأ
㿹סһ׵繥Ϊ׵Եʣһֱֳ棬Գսս۶ɵս塣
ͬʱ׵ĴǿȲϵıǿ
ս۵սǿֲģÿһʩչ趯֮䣬һĴǿ̫࣬ʹΧ£ҲԵǱѡ
Χ֮£㲻ϵıһ֮䣬ս彻һ
оһǺεأսȥǿռ̺һϢյΪ֮𺳲ѡ
һȻʥʥ֮һʥǿ֮һİʥ֮һȻǶ嶥ǿߵĴ֮Ǵۣͨڴ˶ľʥء
ʥϴ۳һأʥ޵ս۳ս֮壬ս֮ǿɴﵽ֮ͨκνеˣսսƳǱﵽЧ
嵱޵䣬һʥأŲĨȥĹ͡


1223 һ
һȺµѰ۵ȴֵ۵ѾǰˡһȺ˸ڣü۵ڳֻɫѿ㡣
˲ΪΣ̲ס֪ԭǵ۵ǰҪڵһŶȴڵĹŶˡ
۵βò֪ҵʥټȴûŵԿףĹŶΪ֮һҪܿʥʥᵽġ˶ֶβŵ֪Ŷϣȴû뵽ԷȻˡ
Լ˭֮ӾȻ˵ֻ֪˵ڵһʦߣ˭ûйʡ۵ѯʵʦ˭ȻϽ׳ǵһʦòȥϽ
ǣոճһȺȴס
ʲôõŶ۵ɫ䣬ɴ۾ĿһȺˣŴӿдϢ۵ڿֲ֪Ŷ壬ҪõŶǲǴкԼʥĿܣ
۵κһ˶ʥΪʥǣ˿ȻõŶѪơ
õ۵ڲƽȻߣǵ۵ȫ֮ϡΪʥˣõŶҿһ˻һʥؾ˵ˡ
۵ڲƽˣͽһȺ˸ȣǸֵİʱɫĿ
۵ûһ仰˵תһߣֱֱĿһߵһɽʱ˲ŷɽЩͼ˵֮У۵趯Ÿһϵıֱӳɽ
һֲ£ɽҲûΪƽأǺĽһģһֻǰһ㡣
۵һϵ趯һ趯֮䣬Щϵıظ˺ѵķ鲻ѣ䣬һúȻޱȡ
סУһľɽǰɽһ޴צڵϣΰ𺳣ľ޿ڴţ˭Ҳ֮ͨڿ档
˶һۣǱߵĹŶһģһ
̲סŹŶܰ۵ʲôܰԿء
˵ɻûмֶãܿǾ͵ɴ۾ǺȻĶ㣬𺳲
ⲻܣ
ǰһŽĽͼͼȻȱһţζȴʲô
Ҳɴ۾ĿǰͼкȻ
צͼ֮һ
ûһ⣬˻壬һȺûмצͼΪĹǣȡˡȴû뵽˿̻ʥС
ͳȵĶŵ۵еצͼ˿Щ׶ԷΪʲôǰε±ɱˣԭ
һŽͼ߳һͨ;ɽңңԣɹââӿ֮䣬ؼϸֳһģĲϵļһļ֮䣬ʼһ빬
ڷ֮䣬֣ϵӿһĹϵ˸ǸоԼĵǣǰĹңңӦ
֮У˵Ŀⶼŵ۵ȻͬԤϵ۵צͼ֮С
ʱǿһʧ˵С
ͿŹʥ֮ٴ֣͸ոһȻǣţѿһ϶֮ȴҲûб䶯
ýüͷȴûټȥ

ڴ֮е㣬˿ѾսѪ޵еЩս彻֣սʱѾ׵ķˣһϵıÿһ֮䣬һϵ𵴡
䡭䡭
޴첻𵴶׵˵Ľ֮жŤ
ĴЧľ˵ģ㲻ӡ֤֮ͬʱÿһʩչڲϵıǿֱǿǿɼģıǿûѹסս壬ǿԷҲ֮ǿԼ൱
ѾԽ˴۵ʵսҲԽ˴۵ʵ
ѣѾǱû˼ҵսʹ۵ҲԶ˿̵ļҡּңʵڵıǡ
֮սս壬ʹܺһǺܿһ۳
Ҫ׵Чϵǿ֮Ѿˡ
ŶͶƲϵһֵۣܺɽȥ
㣬ȴַҵս֮Уϵɱ
ɱƴսﵽ֮ҪͻƼˡرҪͻ֮ͨ졣ᣬȻԸ
Ȼ㲻ΪܽͻƵ֮ͨҲ˷ܵġֻҪһֻŲͨȫԿͨʱǾҪԸҪһ
䡭䡭
һϵ趯սļޱȣֲʽҪܿȻΪ֮ļ£ȴ˼ɵֱӳһ֮䣬ս塣
ң趯ս֮ĵϳڣ֮ĻһĵƵġ
·û㣬˿ںսսľǵѡ
ɱ䣡ͨǾǰѷǻһֵԶԶĳڷ֮ϡ
˿̣﷢չơ
֮ݻ˵ĴǣʹһˣһֵҲΪ⣬ʵǡ
ͬʱǹս壬˿Ҳõʼϵѹ㡣
ɵɳɾͨҵĵߵǺͱ˽Ȼ෴һ·˳ɾͨȡصĵȴҪûпɽģһֻԼ
սԽԽңսԽԽǿⲻʥʥأѰսֻۣʥֱۡ
ѹ£ǱڱƳӵߵĽڣʵǣץ˳ɾͨӰӡ
䡭䡭
һϵ趯һأߵһǲϢȻֹͣץͨĺۼȴץס
סԷһʱսǲˡҪԼץסǲͨĵսȥҲȻҪץסоܲͨ
ǣƮģԽץסȴԽҲȻѾͨıԵȴʼͻƲǲĤ
Ͳһ㣬һͱĤˡ趯֮ϵĵסߵĹ
βץסٸһԵܲͨˡ
ֻôһˣ
̲ס̾Ϣһ֮ץס˽һ죬ץסɱȲͨ
̾Ϣͬʱ֮УȴͻȻһֲ׹⡣
񽣣


1224 ͨ
񽣼ʱ޵׹һɾ춯ص׽ٱӿһж˺ѵķ飬ӿ֮䣬һж𵴵Ť
׵趯֮䣬һ׵綼ҲûһжĶѣ񽣷֮䣬ӿ񽣵ķӡȻѿлһ׹֮ѡ
ף𺳣ž֮³׹
ףǻһʥƷףӡھ֮СѾӽƷ׵ķ룬Ѿ˵ֲͨľ֮ס
껪ԴͨӡھУİѾ񽣵ƷһΡ
㲻ûд׵⣬ֻ񽣶ðֻӲö֮ͷеʥƷס
֪Ҫʱ̡׾Ȼǰ
׹ͬȼյףܸоҪǣͬһ־ĵ
䡭䡭
֮Ĺâһ׵ӿ׵粢ûо˵ƶɫ׹Уȴļµĸо
׵Χսϣս˲䱬ѿı׵ݻ١
͡㵹һ̲סðź⣬ѾƷ׵׵жôֲͷƤͬʱ̲ס˷Ҫܵס׵Ҳ׵ĻǲԼԼǲǾ̤ҪһϵĲΡ
뵽⣬̲ס˷Ϊ֮˷ܵʱһ׵ϡ
͡
һѪҺ³ǾĿ֮Ҫݻ٣㵹֮󣬲ס壬һ۱׺ĵطﶼˡ
͡ͷƤ飬ʥƷ׶ôֲǺʥƷǿĲֻһ㡣
װȫٴһһϣֱӰĵ˳ȥһûѪϹȻɡ
ȻɾƷף˷ܲðųȵĹâû뵽׾ȻǿֵزʥƷ׶ɡ
²׺ܶ࣬ʱǲһرףһЧʥƷף֮µκ׵硣ǣڵʵĲ²Ǵġ
ײףԽ֮ϣƷ׶ɣ׵ľڡ
׵ЧҲż׽֡
Ӱ趯׻ϵĹֱֱ׳ȥ׵Ӧԣϵֱ׶ȥ
ѾԼʶƣҲΣͬһսһľףֱȥҪķ顣
䡭
ױ׵ϣ㱻ɳȥϵֱӱյķ飬ͬģϹϹס
ϵƣ֮߳䣬һĲϵļЩĲ㣬϶ʱŷ׭γɡ
ĵѾСɣ˿ٴεĳɳķ׭ϵĽ֮䣬ӿһµ޵ơ
ͬʱķҲϵı䶯䶯֮䣬һصϢӿ֡
ʱͬһƮ죬ȴܸоʱĸоͬһһվ

УײϵıãŶ׺ײϵĳֲֵ׵ͬʱװײϵİɵڡ
׺ųģܾ˽ҵĵزĺþ硣
ǣȴҪˣҪǵɾ꣬ȴҪ֮ǿĵֵ״֮
һҪֵ׵Ŀ񱩣һҪס׵ͬ
ǰ׵İɰһ뵽ڣ߹ݵҲĿס֮ͬ
ߵ໥ϣԿɼٶţĲǸΡ
һľ磬ĸоǰǵĽݣȴʼ߲ȥ
㲻ݻϵֵ׵ĹѾߵһ߳ȥȴҪģ츳ѣǲߵ֮ͨ
ϵϵ𵴶һ֮䣬׳ף⾪׵硣
ۣ֮֮
ķΪҽɵ
֮ס
Ϊ̣
ΨҲ𣡡
ݻɵ廯
طҳ֮֮Ψܳأ
Ǽ֤ҵ֮㣡

һϵ֮ס⿰ֶ֮ͨͬĵ棬ĵϵϣԽԽԽоǰĽ
ϣŸַ׭׭Ѿǣ׭ѾڣŴɵĵȥ
Կ׺趯׺֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ飬ϵ֮䣬Ҫ飬ɾ⵽⿰֮ͨĹȴı׸ɣ˸о˼顣
մȾ֮Ϣ·𳬷һ㣬濴ܸоһǰĴɽɽǵĵ
׵Ĳ£Ѿ֮ԼŶط׭ˣΪط׭Ľڶǿޱߵĵز˿̵ļʹҲս֮
ģоԼѾץסǵ㣬Ʊ֮䣬ﶼӿĿֲ
֮ΨѣΪΪ򲻴棬Ҽǵ
֮䣬ϹĶ޵ķ֮Щ֮ɢصĹ켣ٴ뵽֮Уʱһķ׭׭ӿ֮䣬ضŤ
䡭䡭
ͷĹγɣҲǳɽ£ľޣͷ׵绯һһ㣬Ǿ٣Ҫѳ֮⣬һֵʼѹ
׵绯ﲻϵ£⾪׽ٱκһζǿĵ֮׽٣ǶԿ׽١
Ҫܿﱼڣɽӵߵ½ľ׽٣ȻầȻ
û˭ܵס׽٣׽ȫԻڡҲţû˭֮ܳ⡣
ǣȴףԽأĥͨľ׽٣Ȼӭȥ


1225 Ҫһս
ԽǽӴףԽо׵棬ʱٿﵽʮƷĵز˿̵׽һ㣬ɢĹ·һֵһֵ㿴͸ֻǸоֵޱȣԴ˿ǿ꣬޷⵽һʲôĵ
ܵ׵ͣǿֲսҲȫӿ뵽ƺ͹Ŷ֮УʱĶƹâǣֱһ֮䣬ģܸоϢ·Ƶء
˿֣ϾǻɵģʧˣµĶƣմȾһǹϢҲ⣬Ѿǿ̫
ŶʱҲʣ˿УܸоŶǿѹ·ﶼѹ¡ʹ˿̴ﵽֵزǸо𺳣ѹ֮ҪΪ֮ͷۡ
Ʒû뵽֮Уһ
ͨ𣿡
оЩӦҲЩ㱡Ĳͨû뵽ߵô졣ȻߵһԭΪԼҪܳ²ܴﵽ
һжı˽Żʥغ;Ʒ֮㲽֮ͨ
ͨͱ˲ͬȡĵɾǿٳ֮ɾһֽȻ෴Ĳ㲻֪׶ǿͨԣ׶ǿ
Ȼ㲢ûΪԼ룬ϳŶһȫĵطȹľ磬
ոմﵽ̫֮ͨĵҪҪǣŶӡɽ£ҲԷ׭ݻͨǿһʼֳˡ˿ﵽͨʩչֻжǿ
ңŶĵһǲѹͨ
˿̵㣬Ѿ֪ŶʲôˡΪ嵱Ϊ֮һѹĹЧ껪ʥġ
Ŷ˿ȴУ㲻òϲ

ȥˣǹûܽȥ˭֪пʥ˭Ҳκβˡ
͵۵һ˹Ŷһ˶ȥˣȻûһֵġ
иʲôǻ᲻ͨ뵽֮жȡʥ
ʥѾ̫ˣ˵ϹŵľڶѾˡǺ崫λʥ߻š
ǰ˵죬ǺšǴǺ崫Ϣ֪ǲģ
Ѿ˵ĺɽ壬ȻʥҲš

۷׷ףʱ½仯̫ˣϹŵľڣȻһ֣ӦʥǾħ
ͨдͨЩĴڣһ֣Ϲŵķ緶һ̾Ƶġ
ǿߣҲһ֣֮䣬ǿߡǰһܵĳֶ˵ľھһ澳һ۾֣ʧ
еǿߣȻ۵࣬˵ĶĿ⼯еʥʥϡ
ħ̬Ϲ߷̬֮ȻϹţϾһЩ
Ϲ干棬֪жǿߡʹͨǿߣҲоһ֡һʱǿ߶繷
ֻΪɱʥ壬̫屻ˣ̫ǿ߱ɱˡʹǵϹŵĴͨҲɱ̫ࡣ
Ȼʥ壬Ҳش֪ǿʧʷĳ֮СоԳħħЫ壡
ħ嵱ǽʥĴڣǵħʥһħʥܺͻǿ˽棬ڰʥ֮¶ֻһжѡ
Ϊʥ壬ħ󣬶һĹ壬ȴ׵ɱ
һս֮屻شȫ𡣼ʹĻָҲԶԶûеĻԻ͡
Ĺ壬ûΪ˶ڵġǣ޷ı䡣
ʹʱҲüѣһϹŵѹǴľֻԽԽ࣬ǰĹ俪ȴףǾԲġ
Ψеȴ͵۵Ҫϵõ취ʥ
ǣȴûϢżѡ
Ϊ֮żʱǾ޴仯һâ֣â˵Ŀⶼеϡ
ȻӶڳһӰ߳
Ӱ˴ϲǴϲͬʱָоʮ֡߳·һִֻһ˲䣬Ǻܿĸоվǰͬľһһĸо
㣡ռ֣ϲѣܵǰס֡
˿һĻ̲סĿ޾գһ̲ס˼֮⡣
Ůκһ˵ģͬŮǲǵ֮һֲ̫ˡ˲࿴ۣʹɱ֣ЩʬǶû¡
һɱħȴͬСһ˳Աߡ
㿴գ漴һͷǾ޴Ĺ˵߰ɣ
ͷĹ֪ʲôܣ˿ȴУΪ̫ˣʹﵽͨ׽롣ʹнеֶΡ
Ϻһ㶣û뵽Ȼ뿪ܿ˾͵ͷȻȻɡ
վסҪ뿪Ͷſһ񣬵õ͵֧֣澡ܿ־պͺϣɻվȳ
㿴ſ棬ɫ˿ûбãովȥȴס㶢ſӿ³˲ŵĴʡ

ⲻȴͬ籩һϯ˵ĶĤʹޱȣ̫ˡһͨȻͱĺȳ⡣
һ㶣Ҳû뵽ִŭ
˵꣬ϵǣ֮ʮɵֱȥ
ԭҪֵģȴվǰһԺ޻εֶΣֱſӭȥ
ûдһ˿վһȭȥ⣬˸оͱͬһɽһ㣬һǿ͸أа͡
͡
߽һȻɴ۾һƬȻǵɴ۾ĶǰȻ嵹ɳȥӿѪɫ
ͨﵽͨ򣬶Ķ㣬Ƕ֪ͨʲôֻǣôܾʹﵽѵ
ĿҲ͵ż⣬Ҳû뵽ԷȻô첽֮ͨͨѴﵽԼ
˰ʱŴӴ۲룡ǣȻʹﵽͨ
ҪӵдУôȣԼһһġ
ĵ壬ڳΪǿˣ
˿棬㲻˵̤ǰȥ
վסͶȵűŭ֮ɫ뵲ס㡣
վסŲޱϲŽ˵ΣҪһսɣ
һ仰𶯣͵һ£
Ȼսͨ



1226 Ҫϴ
ΣҪһսɣ
ȴÿһ˵飬һɴ۾Ŀ㣬仰Ǵðġ˵Ŀ̲סͣһλǿߡ
ͬǰЩֵ㣡ɣ츳Ϊǿ֮һ;ʹﵽͨò˵һ漣Ǿһڸոմﵽͨ󣬾͸ҳս
вŭǶƣۿ㣬Ķ㿴ã
ͻȻȳǣأŭ
һ仰ȴΪ֮ȻۿŽͣǲ֮ɫ͵ǿǶǴ˿̾ȻƵò
˶о𺳵ǰƽ뿪㣬Ǿη֮ɫ
ͶΪòǲ˵кʹֵͨĿܵģв²⣬Ϊ˶Ȼѡ
˸㣬ֱֱ뿪һʧĿһˡֱʧ˵ټеľηûˡ
ɫ࣬ԼԲֵֵܳ㡣˿̵ûĶһɱֻҪסѪǺͺؿȻһϡʱҪԴ
˿ͨͲҰ㵱һͨе㡣Աһͨǿ̫࣡
ߣΪﵽͨʥԵʣ㲻òֵģͶ㣬֮ɫ˿ΣҪҽʥġ

ﵽͨҪͽһսϢֶߣΪ֮𶯣һȻԭҪ鷳漶ȻͣԼơǺﵽ֮ͨ󣬾ͨҪɱѡ
ΪģΪΪͨʩչͨҪӡ
ʱΪʱȴص˰֮СĴѾһֱչصĴѾõڵȫУȻδﵽ֮ǣⲻʱ⣬ںУ󽫻һֲǿߡ
ΰڽĴУȥΰѾۡ
ҲΪ㾪ȣ֪ǻûкϵˬʵĴЦļ򣺡ããû뵽һܺʥ֮˳Ϊֵܣ
Ϊİڷɵļ죬Կһ塣֮ϴɱ󣬲˾Ҳ󷨣̲ȱݱɨһɶ
󲻶ϱǿͬʱҲ˰֮УϲõǱϲӵĴУ̽һȻδĲΣʵҲﵽ׼֮Ų۵ơ
ЩУҪʱĻۡٻ㣬ֻҪʱĴУΪǿһ֮һ
Ȼﲻֵ̫࣬ģЩЩ£ԾܽӪʮֵɵǸϹˡȻһЦԭʥرչصģҪһٴﵽۡɼѹǸ򰵸
ЩɵЦӵһ¡ϵǳй֮ûɿ˵ġ
׼ΪӷϴʱȴȻһЦ˵㲻֪Ҵ˭𣿡
ţɻ
ܱĵĿһۣ漴˵ҿ㲻ǰ˼Ҹ˰ɣǰ˼ҿˣѵ治Ը⸺ˣ
㻹δӦ֮ʱһҧгݵȳҪٸҺ˵˵Ų㵱׷Ķ顣
ϤĿ⡣վһŮӣŮ޵ż糺죬޵ķ绪糺ܿʧٴλָ̬
ŮвҲЩҲסˣȻԸⱻ֪Щ£
ǸһЩ飡ģԷĿֱֱĹӸϽ뿪
Ƶ뿪ҲòЩ⡣Ůӣ㻹ЩصηġûٱýŲȡ
Ǹ㿴ѣŮˡԺͬһʱ̲סĻһ
ңͻȻչһЦһЦһһЦʧɫľ
ʲôЦһ˭㶢Ѻܼᶨ˵ȻȷʵЩ
ѿǰӣҲرСտʼ񵽺޲ɱƫƫһԼҰ̫ࡣڰʱ򣬻Ҫһ˵ģ޵Ļֱҧ
ֱźţҲûôɶ񡣶˿̼ȴ̲סһϲ
˵αʶҲôˡ㲻ҵ𣿡ͻȻ˵
ЩӦû뵽Ů˻ҪŮ˲һֱԼҪ
㿴˿޳ȣĿϸϣʵǸ㲻ýŲҰɣ
һЦ˳ˣֻҪ㲻ұ֤ģ

òƴûжֹһǰˣ޵Щˡ
ȻѵҪûоܾȻѳȥЩΣգȫˡ
һȻޣȴܸо֮΢Լġ
㣡ŵʲôϵͻȻʵ
һ㶣˵˭ģ
Ȼգ˵
տڲشմӻصͼŵ壬Ȼܲ³Ȼ¶˪ɱڣð̲סðź⡣춼㡣վûʲôҵֻһϣҧȫӡ㶼ҳš
֮ȻʵŵҲ飬ͷ
湻̰ĵģѺ޺޵ĵһۣҶ˼վȻ
ʼ㲻Ҫճɣ
Ѻһ漴ͻȻ˵ҪΪǳأ
޹˵ã˸ҧһھǣ
˵꣬һʯͷǰĺУѼ㶢ź淢㶣ǰ˰˵㵽ʲô
룬һڳԡͺá
㣡ҧгݣһźݺݵ˹ȥһŲȥ֪ջˣϽܿ
Ǹ㿴ŭĿӵ˵ֻǺģ
ߣѺһû㣬ȻŲԵˮ棬ͻȻ㽿ȵߣСЩģõϴ裡
һ仰ĿɿڴѶ͸ˡ
׺ݵĿ㣬


1227 Ѫ
һˣ˵ҪϴԡߵԶԶġǣҲԼһˣҪػѱ͵ϴԡһʱվ˺ϡ
ϾһˣȻȻͺеմˮ˿ĽԲΪлߵęǾŮ˶ϵ̺죬ЩѪš
ҾӦˮߣһǵŰȫһЩȻĶ˵
ӰѵߣҧݡԼȻǿҲˮ˵ġҽܲҺһģԼе·
ףˮߣ󺰣ߣһɫģ
Ȼˮһץ˵ˮ߾ͱץУһ˵ĻУʱһ𡣶˵ˮߣѵֱۡ
࣬ٿ㡣һֱ޵ⷬģﵲסǺ촽˹ȥѱסһָһ㣬ˮȴź׳ȥ
״ޣʱżĻꡣɣˮгԡһϵջ

ѱˮռˣоȼŻһ˶ɫ糺졣ٿ㣬صʱ򣬶ҪȺ밵֮ȥ
֮ļ죬ӰʧСżȻһΣָֻ۱飬ɫġ￴̲סļ˵ֵܣڰ˭㵱ôåȥ͵˼ϴ裡
Цãȴ޿κΡһץһᣬϵ䡣һֱװŵǹڱ룬žţһ˿ңҪѹУֱײĽ룬ޡ
Ӿһȥû鷳ͬģȵĹ֮⣬ʱʱŻʯ˳ֻ˭ûжǺ붼ڵôʲô
˭֪ǷƽʱҲϵ˰󣬺һڰǶ֪˿̵ƽŴ籩
ֵȴУȴõյĴ㲻òɽ
ٴμյʱ򣬸ǸоŮ̬ˣһһ֮䣬裬Ϊͨ㣬żȻʧ
ڰ绨ѩ»޶ȣ˿̶Ů˸޵ֿ
ϲﵽͨն˵˫ת֮䣬̬ǰӣòԷҴﵽͨһ漣ĿԽ
Ҽǵ˵Ҫǿ㣬㲻Ҷġ㿴˵ҪҪսһǲǿ㡣
żŭ̬ǺܿʧעǷޣֻҪǿȻ㣡
仰оͷðˡֻһ仰Ļ˲ˡ
ֻڣ̽סˣֻܴȹѣն˵ԭûдﵽͨ㡣˿ȻǺԶȴòҪȻض塣
仰Ҳѹסͷļ¶˵ͷ˵ֶܼã
һ£˵Էƺûˣӡ֮Ѫӿ۶Կ̣ѾŤôˡ
̧ͷȥȻܲϵ͸һ۽ɽɽβɫҲЩ԰ס
Ǿ԰ɣ˵
ԷǣͨĴڣ˵Ʋӡضش
仰ЦЦ˵ô֪ͨҲþҪ
˰ԵŵĻżʧ漴˵ͷǾ԰ɣ
ն˵
ȵȣյɻУڿն˵Ȱ岼´󣬵סǵĵ۹֮ܵش
а취۾һӡ棬Ѫã˺пܴӰش޷⡣Ϊûסͨĵ͸ٽһҲﵽͨ
𵽾Եãǵס˾ųɻǲġ
˵֮䣬ڿնһϵļһصĵĵϸֱ󸲸ɽģﵽͨĵ͸УԸֱɵĴĴﵽ˿ֲĲΡ
ʩչ֮䣬ܸоԼɽ·ؼĨһؼûɽĴڡ
ֳؼֶ¶˼𺳣֪ѴﵽƺЩףΪʲôҳսˡʹûѪǺͺؿǰҲ˵ɡ
㲼ʱ䣬£ɽһһĴɽϢˡǵĵۣ˿̶޷ҵһƵģҲ͸
ǻ֮һȻҪ׶žǲܵģһͨĵġս͵ȻҲǾԵģԷҪķǰ̽飬Ҳ̽ĳ
ţյȻû֣ҲʶѽһȺ˶ֶΡֻǣʱԶ˿졣ҪĻҲˡǣ˿ʩչ;̽飬ҪҳҲʮֲס
߰ɣ˵
յ˵ͷһ·ߣ뿪ɽ֮⡣
ǵ֮У֮ص½һֱ֮С˿̵壬Ѿ׳֪ôֲˡѽ˵İȻʱѾܿһˡɱǻǲ̫Զ壬˿ԳΪĹ֮һն˵
˵ͷ˵ǲҪֱɱǰɡҪ˵Ļǻ˶ϵĺáȻҶмʵ˵ֹһͷ
հһۣһŷֵľھǧĵطֱͣһӣǰһ޴ļ̨̨Ϲơ
ֻѪѣҪ潻֣ն˵̨ɵġܽӦκһѪӡǵġжǱѪĿܴӡ
˵֮հ̨ʹطȻǾβ壬ΪպѪڵԵʣҲʩչط
ܿⲢѵطһ̨һӡȥѪҲһǵǰָһ㣬ʱĵ𵴶˷͸ȥӶ
Ŵͨʵֱо͸ɽ㾳վԷֻڿԷĵطʼ͸ԿԷѪ
ͨʹͨĽ棬ڴ˿̾Ѫչ


1228 
ָ㶯֮䣬ɢȥ͸֮䡣
һͷǿߵĲȻŴ۾ĿֱնȥǰͬһξѪ⾫Ѫӿĵ۽ڣҪǣ⾫Ѫ뿪һ㡣
ôĵӣǿһĻﲻ֪ô£ŭһǲ֪
˵֮䣬вϣɹɷ׭׭䵽Ѫ֮Уһ۴Ѫмϯɢؼ䡣
Ʊʥð㾾Ѫ
У˿ȴǰصĶǰеĵ۲ϵ趯ؼŵ۵ķ籩𶯣ѹô£ķӦ
ǵĵǿֲģͨǰĵУһС֡Ǵ֮ͨܽ
ͨǿֲģʹﵽͨҲ֪ʹͨŲٵĲࡣǣ㲢Ϊĵ֮⣬ĶԿͨ
ֻȴסѹѹ¼䣬ɫҲżֲ԰ףżֲ԰׵Ľᣬվ̬
㿴ˣָ㶯߲֮´󣬸ԷĵѹŻָͶȥ˸м֮ɫ
վǿѪڵ֮£ĵֿȴǿȲһĴۣ
СһЩռ趯ۣϳɢѹĵۣ㡣
ûлشգԸطϵıһϵ֮䣬ﶼ˺ѵķ飬ۻķХϵĹ
໡
һȫ𵴣ɹâ֮бɹâǰһϽ䣬һ׭׭趯ž֮
ƣ÷Բǧڵ߶Ȼѣ֮е󣬲˹ڵأĤһĿֲ

һǧķ׭ȻȻĽ뵽ǰѪ֮УɫѪʱǬߵľ֮֮䣬ϵĳƿľۡ
һױȵľ֮ŵϢ趯ĵ۹
䣬ʱһը֮âϵֳ̻ͬؼ䲻š
ǧò˿ΪֹȻѡҲ˲²ĳǿڽ档
ϣ֮䣬ĵȻ۳ģ⻯ȫ۶ɵĻžľ֮ǵصƹĵµ飬ڵأΡΡĵ֮С

֮䣬ȫɵ۶ɵ⻯֮䣬նȥսѳ롣䡣һ˾ľ죡
صĵ֮Ϣȴδκε˶ԷڳյˣͻȻһͷ޴ǡƺҪڵ̫ĹԣҪ̫ȥƵġ
ǵĳ֣ʱӿ֮ĸоŭ֮
СģԵֶΣĵ
˵ͷȻоԷĿֲܸоغһһȫصѹѹԶԶۣͨ
ǴǵµĹ̺УҪ㳹ѹ
ƣУĻһȭֱֱĺͶԷһԷĳ
໡
һ֮УղŵУĵȻĴӶԷĻд
ôܣ㶵Ŀ㡣Էĵһ֣ǿĵǣĵȻдԭΪܵסѾˡ
ջδӦ֮ǰٴһϵ趯һŵĳֱԷȥ
ȻʵȲϴͨȴ޾κһֵգĵѪ
֮䣬һϵӿݱɸֶΣϵĳǵĻ
ǵĽ棬һϵ趯ѹԷĵ˭ҪǱѹʵȻ󽵡Ϊһͨĸ
ÿһͨǾÿһ츳ĿڡǵĵǾǧġǶĽĽѹǾɥʧΨҶľ緶
û˲䵹
ĽȻûʵּңһּΪΣյĽ֡
տԸ趯ͶԷĵ֣ҲȲѣǿĵȻʹͨĵս൱
ͨĵǿĵͨ޷ʹ֣ͨΪܻͨһǾѹͨ
֪棬ԭΪܵסǣֶƵԷѪѾܲˡ
ǣ޷ŵĵȻܺʹֵͨ൱һͨȻڵǿϿԽִͨҪﵽͨĵǲڴ֮ͨϡ
͡
̲סһ֪ʲôһ޷顣ʹʥ޷ڵݴͨϡĵǿҲʹͨһѣһ֡
ǣȴ֮ϣǴʲôǲǴ׷һڴ֮ͨϵĴڣ
ⲻܣ֪ʲôҪ˵ĻǴܳԽʥΪϵǿߡ

һˣҲ𺳲ѣȻһͨѵӦ֮һͨϹŵ˭
˼ǵȴδɻϹǿĴôһȺˣǣⲻĵѵ˵½Ĵͨ
𺳣ŵ͸ҪӿѪ֮УѪƣɫޱȡ
ǴͨΣѵڱжѪɣ
Цǲм֮ɫȥηʥ塣η˭ͬΪͨκһͨ潻
ЦΪҵһͨٲɣûѰɣ
Ц۲ƣѪ֡Ѫ˭Ҳܶߣ㵱ʥڵıƴ϶޷Ѫ˾͸ˡ
ŶԷĵƴӿѪЦŨŲм֮ɫ

տ㵲סһĵ۹ĵͻǵĵ棬ҲȭͷʥԤܰȹ١ǣȴûġ
˿ѾֵҵĵزסĵѪӿȥ
ֻ˵൱˭Ҳκβ˭
Ϊκβ𣿡ĵ޷ƿضԷѪɫӡһâɡ
Ȼ޷ƿأǱ۾͡
Ѫ
ȴźصļᶨ


1229 ȫ
٣
ĺУĵȻȼգ׵ĻԷĵӿ֮侪ޱȡ
嵲סĵȻǵĵЦѣΪ𣿡
ЦʱһȴͻȻĶ𣺡٣
ɫ䣬趯ȫѪǵҪƵ˱ǵĵ
͵ƣ
һ֮УڿյĻ漤ǵĻȻϢˣĵһ̾Ȼûһ˿Ϣɢ
ͻȻʧϢĻȻǵĵȥǲŵǣȻֱӴ͸ĵ۷Ѫ֮ϡ
ⲻܣǺУ塣
ǵĵѾһûκһͨĵ˳ĵǣԷĵȻֱӴ͸ȥˡ
Ѫ֮ϣȼѪĻ棬Ȼǵǰ
ǰѪյͬʱǰѪҲѪϵһ̳׵Ķѣ
ΪѪգӿĵ۳ϣһѪҺ³ɫ԰סǣȴ¶˴ϲ֮ɫˣ
պٶôƣʥΪһѪ޷ߡȴ˶ԷѪȻ˶ܵ˲ٵĴˡպõѡ񡣱ϾҪһͨѪǲܵġܵشֻҪһʱ䣬ȫָеһֱĽѣȴܳ׵Ķžˡ
ܴķ濴һж׬ˡ
տǰƽ㣬е𺳲һ⣬ȷʵԤϡΪӡԵʣѾӡϢɴ˿оϢȻŨ˲١
ڿѪմ֮󣬶պߣ
˿̲ߵĻǿ϶׷ܽѪȼյǣҵǡ
ǣ㾡ܷӦ죬Ǻǧٶȸ㲻ʲôѪȫȼոɾ׼뿪ʱһŭ𱩶ɱ㣬ܵõеѪ
ں֮䣬һͷ޴Ǵձֱֱĳյǰ㿴ͷ޴ǣɫҲ̫ÿ
ߣһգ˿ܵشûмսΣ֡
أҲͬĲѣۿ˵
һߣǳּˣɫҲżɻеĴͨôһꡣգǾ˷Ѫ˲ҪֻҪץסգһжֵˡ
˵꣬趯צӣվץ˹ȥһץ֮£·ҪضץƵġ
ɫ䣬˶ϾشʵҲ̫࣬޷ܿʱȴһ˫סһߡ
ոоȵֱۣϾסż糺졣
ߣ˵˿̲ʺҵסƬ̡
ҪߣǳصһƬգǶ趯ĵۣߣ
һ仰Цһ漴Ц˵ĵסң
˵꣬һƣߣ
֪ԼҲʲôã˿״ֻ̬Ϊ׸Ҳͣ˺ѿռ׼뿪
ȴһ˵ŵ۽ǷС
ӡҵĵ֮ƿպ
յͷԼѪâĵȻϢŶԷۡ
ԷҲѿһѷ죬ܿܺ俪
ǿצȻץȥһݺݶȥ
հļֻʣһƿԷĵˡǶԷȴ趯˿̸ûֵվͬʱȴȻĵǰ棬סԷľ޴צ
Կֲĵֱ֮ӿԷצ
ֻǣһͨαȵϴͨ
㣡ɫ䡣
ߣ
ҧռ䣬ռʱ㱻ԷצһֱѪģѪҺ˵ɳȥ
һǺˮռѷģδסǣΪܰȫߡ

ǿӿռʧ׷ȥȴǰŵۣ޷вƿ֮Ҫ׷϶Էȴˡ
Ƕ㣬ޱȣĶ㣺
ŭʮ㣬ò׼գȴֱˡնдãܵõյѪںͨǣȴˡ
ҪѪǲģΪѪ͸أþβ壬ճѪˡҪҵռܡ
ϾѪʱҲֶֻܽʰգ޷ҵԷ׼ȷλãʱ͸ҵˡ
ǵıŭһ˿ȣűԷ˺ѵֱۣҲ𺳶ԷצǿܿˡǵĿֲʵҲˣĵԺͶԷ棬ֻϻԷ١
趯ĵӿֱ֣ϵ˿ڻܿͻָ
ǿһĻҲ΢΢һ㶣ɻ󲻽⡣ɱĵ˿Ҫõô֮ѣǶԷȻգۼȫָˡ
˭ʵ
㣡شԷ
㣿壿ȻҲ֪ȲѣǺܿ͹Ц㻪ô꣬ձҪΪ˱𣬾㻪һ˿Ѫ
仰Цһƾ㣬񣡡
˵꣬Ҳ˺գռߡ
ߣЦһסȥ·
𲻷ߣ߲ˡǺߵɣһһ˺úõġ
ʥʥ֮⣬ô˶סۣסۣЦټˣҪҪͱһսһºʥ
ЦӰ趯Ȼա
ȲǣҵĵȴҪסѡǵĶ֣Ҫߣ֮ûһס
ңʩչҡֱ
ңʥɫ䣬Բ۾ңʥֹȻ֪⹦ĿֲǾΪֲ֮һȻԷ֮ͨʩչʹҲ˵׷ϡ
û㣬Ŀʧķ򣺡һºϣ㻹ôõ

Ȼ֪뷨ֻǽ֣һѪϢٴδ𵴲Ϣף㵱ҽа彣ͣԴ󣡶ǣʵ
ͨսͨȫˣʦͽǿֲ


1230 Ҷ˼֮
ΪѪյԵܵشڿ㰲ȻĻصɽҲΪشԵʣձչȻֻ㵵ǣڱչǰȴ촽һģĴȻһ룬ȴаֱԺ
㶵Ŀգû뵽վȻһֱնΪٵԵʣòԼһΪ˶ò޸ԼкףŮ˶Լð
ǣ˿ȴǣ
ʧ֮УĻǧ̬Ůӱչأ
ձչأҲû̫ãص󡣶ջصʱڴ˵۵Ϣ۵أʵҲǣͨĲΡ
Ϣ𶯡𶯵Ĳǵ۵ﵽͨ۵ʥУܴﵽͨûʲô⡣𶯵ǣ۵ҲˡǴ½ֵƽ϶ʧһɶ
Ͼûж֣ܴԭΪ˵ȴ۵
ȻҲ㣬Ҳע۵Ϣ֪۵ǰϽǵ۹ʱɻ󡣵ҲûͣͬŴǵ۹ȥ
Ŀĵ۵Ȼֱֱǰ׳ǣ׳ǵֱҶҡ
۵ۼ۵Ҷ֮⣬ͻȻ󺰵һòʧ񣺵ۼҶң
۵ذɣСֻǵһۼĴУǵۼۼˣǰۼѰɡһ߳ŵ۵һ
۵ûдҶ󺰵ۼԸһĻֻӲˣ
һ仰ɫΪϲ뵽۵ݺʵס۵ȵȵȣȥһС㣡
۵˵ͷûѹƣֱֱվҶҵĴ֮⣬ǹòΪ֮֡׳Ǵͨˣֻо۵һ㡣
۵вȻõģҶ˼Ҷһ̬߳ͬṲ̊ŵߵĿ
к£Ҷ˼ſĺ촽ᣬȴ
δۼ£˼۵Ҷ˼˵Ůӣ۵ųԣΨһһöĻŮˡ
ˣǾذɣҶ˼ŵ۵˵ż䡣
۵ЦЦ˵ǰ»һҪۼӦ
£Ҷ˼ŵ۵Ųͷ֮ɫ
۵ָһ㣬гһʥ֮Ҷ˼Цʥ֮ΪƸϣۼܼ޸¡
һ仰йע۵˵Բ۾Ŀⶢŵ۵۵Ƕ˿̵ȻԴ½Ϊϡʥ֮ΪƸҪӭȢǰߵŮˡ
ͬХһϯ˺ȵĶʥ֮Ŀע⵽Ҷ˼ͬʱ̲סʥ֮ûŮҲĹ֡޷۸ĴӭȢֵòֵá
ȻЩ֪ۼʲôˣȴһĿȵĶҶ˼
ذɣҶ˼˵Ҳ޽ղҪң
۵Ҷ˼ĻشüͷҲΪۼУɴСΪʥСϹʱڣۼͻΪʥĺ֪ѵ˿ҪıЩעԵ𣿡
ԼõԵ֣޹أҶ˼ŵ۵˵
˿ڻɵĶ֮Уҽϡдãָܰ߳ң۵Ҷ˼˵ҽϣҶдô벻ΪʲôҪܾ
߲֮Σ벻ʧңذɣҶ˼˵֮䲻ܣ
Ϊʲô۵ŭѹ֮֮ͬŭ׳˶ʱоҪˣһѹȵ޷ѹѹ£鲻ԽĤڵأл̿
ûΪʲôΪҲԸҶ˼˵Ŀⶢŵ۵ԡ
Ҷ˼ˣҶ˼һȺסǲԸ⿴ԣ˵ϣҶ˼͵۵һΪ͵۵һ𣬲Ҷ˼Ĺޣͬʥ͵ۼһֻǣ޷ΪʲôСôܣ
ע飬ҶΥˡ۵Ҷ˼˵ԸԸ⣬㶼ü޸ң
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷǱ仯ģûʲôעġʥ޷͸죬ܿ͸ˣ
۵Ĭһ漴Ҷ˼˵ûϵȻ˿벻ͨȴȥܻͨģ
˵꣬۵һҶ˼߹ȥ
۵ˣҶ˼ɫ䡣Ȼ۵׼ˣһ̲סȰС㣡۵ʥˣһҲû㣬㡭
Ҷ˼˶ԷһۣĿżȻס졣ֻǣŵ۵һȶְļС˿ȻʵΪڶȶ֮ԵʣʵܷӶ塣Ҫ˺͵۵ײܵס
Ǻǣ벻ʥˣҲǿŮӵ£
һըѿ󡣿žĿռ䣬ȴÿһУòĿ⿴գȴջ߳һˡоȣ˭ҹܵ۵£
Ǻܿ˾͵õ𰸣ֻΪսǶ㻺߳˵С
û˵עӣֱֱߵҶ˼ǰҶ˼Цû뵽Ҷ˼ص׳ǣҪ֪ĻҲغ׳סһʱˡҶ˼ں׳һȹ˲ٵӡ
仰Ҷ˼ĬȻ㣬ЩҲӺ׳˽⵽ȷʵĹϵáҶ˼ãĹϵп˵
ͶԴ۵ͬҶ˼ͷȻϲǾסɡ
һ仰õ۵͵ĹâĶ㣬⡣Ҷ˼˿̵̬ȣûй̬ȡʲô˼ѵҶ˼ʲô
һصĴУĿҲǺܿȻ˷ʲô˼ѵ͵۵ͬʱϲŮˣҪŮ˲ɣ
۵ʥˣϹŵһ˵ĵͳߡһǿߡ˶ǷǴͨǲľû뵽˾ȻΪһŮ
۵Ķ㣬кŭ㡣
Ҫ˵Ҳ㣡׳һλӵеĳǳأǳصˣЦſŵ۵˵ﲻӭ㣬߰ɣ
ִҪˣ۵Ķ˵ǻ˵ķϣһٶ㣬ǧƱۡۻĲ
ͻȻЦǿЦΪʲôҴûио̹ң
Ļ۵Ķ㣺Ҳգ֮ǰվҪֳһʤģ˿˭ǵһˣ
֮ЦֻҪǰˣԺͲҪҶ˼ǰΣ
ʤ˵۵һҪѹ£ŭ㡣


1231 һжʤ
͵۵ֹܶΣȴûķֳʤȻ۵˴Ѿˡ
۵趯ڵĵۣһ貵Ĺâӿֳҫ֮䣬ǾĿֲâҫ׳ǣͬһ㡣
״һӰռȥ˲ҡ֮ϣû뵽ƶ֮ϣǲ粻ϵĴһǿ֮£Ҫ˺ѵķ顣
֪˴򶷻ôֲȻں׳ǽ֡׳ٹˣҪΪ˽ֶܵǣ²
۵ҡֱϣɫֱ׷ȥںｻֻ֣ľǰʰˡ
նȻҪޣ۵У˫ü˿裬Ťɫˡ
䣬ֱֱĿŶԷ㲻ߵǰظĵߵԼĵǰ˵ĻԻܼ̳еģվԼ
۵˫Ŀŭˣƣĸεѡ
һֱܶ˶ۿǱҪ飬ˡܶҿˣȴԶˡ㵭˵ԣҲ
۵ɱڣָⱩʮ⣬֮䣬ᴩ۵һ־ʥ֪ԴһʽûáһﵽͨʩչʥصĿֲ
趯췢˿裬Х֮䣬۴֮д͸صĵۣ趯֮䣬ܱߵնɻң򶼲¡¡죬ɽХһ㣬ġ
â۳һͬʱ۵趯ʥʮָ㶯ĥصĿֲ۵ɫվڶԷ棬ż
㱩ĵۺͶԷ趯ʥһĵ۷飬â֡ȴȻվҷ˿裬
۵ż𺳣˼֡ҪǱͨһöԷҽȴû뵽һȴȫ㡣
۵Ķ㣬ܿ˵˲㲻˵ĻȴѾȫˡȷʵź۵ʱ
໡
۵һХܿռ䶼ըѿХ֮䣬ǧ۶趯¶޹⣬â貣ѹˣǾ޴ɱ֮ӿֱ
޾壬վԭأֱչʩչһĹ켣ճĵͬӿ
¡
߶ĿĹâݿһݻܣһжķһжն֮¡˸Եɫ
һ룬˺ܿǰһϵıֱԷȥ֮䣬սޱȵļҡû˸ҿߣԶԶĿţͬһľ޴âкȻ
䡭͵۵ٴһν˸Եֱ۲Ȼ˭ûռݵϷ硣
Ķŵ۵ò϶ԷĿֲԷʥˣܳǱģԶһͨһ·֪ĥҲֻǿ϶Էһ߶ѡ
ȴУ΢Ƹ㲻ʲô
۵ͬ𺳣ԭΪûϳԽԼˡϾʥĴˡоԷԼǿһߡ
ⲻܣ۵𺳣ԸʵϲܳΪʥѾﵽܴﵽ۷塣
۵Уֱۻ裬гһŵͼͼֽϽ裬žĹâǱӣǾ
צͼĶŵ۵еצͼǻͼֲȻ˵ԭⶫ۵ǲܶõģֻ۵ʥĵͳȴչ
㵹۹⣬ձ۾ʰ㣬㻪ʰ㣬ҲĹޣ۵˵
ЦһȻһ˵Ϊκε𣿡
񶦣֣
УŶ֣âɣױȵĿ²Ƭ涼Ҫ¡¡Ҫѹ
нͼҲйŶʲôв۵ģЦ趯ĵ۽ͬΪʥ߲ûײֻǻռһء
۵צͼ޷κε㣬üûٹצͼ֪ŻͲܽצͼκεˡ
㣡֪Ϊʲôڴͨǰ˿𣿡۵˵ΪֻצͼԵǣˣ
һУ۵ͻȻһɫĳϢֲ죬еһ¶ѹأеһжҪƵġ
ͻȻһѳǹɭɭֲ
Ƕˣ۲ͨΪ嵱Ƶǹһ仰𶯣ʹעߵĴͨȻվ壬ȻĶŵ۵
ǹǶ˵ǻ廨ġֻ󹦰ܴɡǹͷѣµĲǹ˺ǹȻ۵еǹˡ
Ȼֻһ֣˭֪еľɱΪǱΪǹľڡ
ʧ񣬶͵Ŀŵ۵Ҳ̲סͬǹ۵ܳΪ˿̻Ƕ֡
Ҳ㶣û뵽۵ϻĶʧַ֮ӦЦ۵Ϊֻ𣿡
˵ɻУгһѶƣƾȻҲһѳǹ͵۵ңңԡ
ǹԶĴͨɫ䣬Բ۾㡣۵ͬ鲻ƽֱֱĶ㣬ⲻܣ
㿴ŵ۵ЦûʲôܵģΪΪʲôȽа彣ͣҵĵ֮һ
ܹۿһĻǿ߶ĬˣǾ˶һ޷ѹƵĿֲ
˶ǵһˣϹŵһ˴ߣһһˡ
˶ľŶצͼ
˶ǹһ֡
ܴ￴˶עĶƵġ˶㶵Ŀǣ룺ƽǲǴʲôͬʱһŮˣǲ
ɺϾԲӣﵽ֮ͨӦˣɺϴʲô
ڵ۵ĲУһ˵۵ҲҪսȥˣһжʤɣ
۵Ķ㣬ҲΪڶɺ϶ľ˿˵仰һȻ֪Ǻ⣬ԣһжʤ
һ仰ò˴˾񣬴ﵽ͵۵ֲΣһжʤǼѵġϾ󡣿ǣ˿˵仰һ֮УȻֳʤ
˵Ŀⶼˣ˭뿴֮䵽˭ĵһˡ


1232 ׷һ
۵ֳֳǹǹ趯ǹų貵ϼ⣬Ŵݿľâǹ趯ź£ɽ֮ʵǹĵױȵĲں֮еĵŴͨľԶͨǿɫȻһɫ䡣۵Ȼȴͨľâ֮Ȼ֮ǹ趯ںһ֮
һжĻֲѹأеһжںڳǹ֮ϣôͨΪ֮ļµ
۵ɭɭŲ֮ɫȫĵֲӿֳ
ʥ֮֮޺֮ۡˣΨ;
۵˵֮䣬һжŤʹЩԶԶľڣҲѾĵطһȫŤľ֮Źɹ˵Ϣȴı֮ǰ򣬴˿̵ȫյ۵־תҲΪ⣬ѹĴʶ׾ٵĸ档
òʥΪһˡ֪ܵɱ˶ˡΧʥһ£Ҳв֪ٵǿһ¡
Զۿ۵ʩչһɫҲ˱䡣ʶʥĿֲ֪һжôֲ
ƴˣ۵Ȼ޵еһжʩչ˴Ǳɱ𣿡
һжʤεסһУ

Ϊ˶𺳣һȺȻѾۿĵλãǻĿתĶһ
㣡վȲϱۣҪ
۵˵꣬ǹ£ããǹ˵֮ͬǺӴ䣬ûɽ£ȫȥǱһ
ɫأһɫľ֮£㲻Сӡ֮ݻȫ趯жƻĳǹϣֲĲʱһ̾Ȼ
ڵ۵ľâƸֵһᣬһӭ۵
꣡
˲䱻նϣǺҲըһ㣬ֲĹâ˽âȫԽաûף͵۵ֵĵطס
һʱ˵㣬ÿһ˵
һ͵Ŀһֵ۵ֻǣȵʥ֮𣿡
˶ĿȵĶǲܴϹǵĹâסȴĽ
âҫ֮󣬻ɢ˲˵ģһйâɣһ޴ĺڶ֮⻯գֳӰ
˿Ӱȴ¶֮ɫԭأŵĿǰ
Ȳϱۣһʼ֪һ·ɱеһжߵһǧһʥĵһ·ߵ̫˳վҪһ
ȴÿһͷ𶯣ÿһ˶ŷ˿裬ֶؼǸӰϣӰ󣬵Ǵ˿κһ˿Ŷصΰ
ȻϹŵһ˴ߣ
۵һȫѪҺ͸ɫ԰׵ĿֲϢңһѺۣشϣȻʱĺۼ
ⲻܣ۵У۶㣬ŷ۾ͨ졣ζԸţУϹŵһ˴ߣӦҲǵһˡΪʲôС
ⲻܣⲻܣ۵
ûʲôܵģȻʥĵȴûʥҪȻ۴˴Ҫ㣬ɼѡ㶢ŶԷ˵Ȼĵ֮ʥҲ۵һ·˳˳ˮûܵĥҲΪ⡣ץһС㣬һٰҪˣʤ۵۵ҲԲôǱ
ľǿ߶ĬǶ֪ߵ￿۵ʥߡ߾ȫͬǲɷϵǣȷʵǵ۵ܱ⡣Ҳ˵۵ܡ
ͬΪѵ۵ֻܳΪĲɣ
˶Ŀ⿴㣬˳Ĭ֮С
۵Ҳָ̬֮Ķ㡣ȻԸԼܣɴ˿ȴòʵ뵽ոǼĵĶ㣺û˱𱾵ӵиʢ޵
㲻˵ŵ۵ڵ۵߳һͨվڵ۵ߣȻûг֣ȴһѹҪס۵
۵ӣ߰ɣͶŵ۵˵ȻԸõ۵ɱҪ۵ʥķ
㿴ŽͣЦһ˵ģۻɱЩ飬עҪʥʥؽģⲻˣе
۵ɫһһףĶ㣺һα۳ϰˣ֪һΣܵĽ㣡
㿴ŵ۵˵ʥǰУȴʥΪСվ㣬ûˣ
ߣ۵һҲǣ㲻ǱһʯͷѣȻ˱һţվᱻ߿
ûд۵ǿŽ˵㲻Ҫ֪οʥǱ۾͸ǣӵʥ֮Ĵڶۣʥ֮ʥܿʥҪԸ⣬һº󣬱۳Ϊǿ

һƬȻһɴ۾㣬ǺȻͲ֮ɫһ㶵Ŀ㣬û뵽Ȼǿʥ֮;
¶ȵ⣬ͺɵĿ㣬˿ô󷽡
űۣǻס۵ʥ𣿼ȻˣҳȫΣ㵭˵
۵ͷһ˵һºҵȵ㣡
ЦЦûٴ۵Ҳɱ˵۵ش۵ɽ͵˻ס۵עκβ˵۵
̤£ҡֱں׳֮С׳Ȼ˵Ĵ򶷣ҲͷĿֲƣ˿̿ͷҷ裬쳣վҶ˼ǰж˲ţʤˣ
Ҷ˼Ҳ㶵Ŀ㣬ȴԸʵ۵ǺôܰСǣҪ˵ĻΪʲôֶ۵ûг֡
Ϊ𺳵ͬʱȴЦûйҶ˼ڴѲӬˡ
һ仰ܱһ𶯣͵Ŀ㡣
Ҷ˼ǰ꣬չһЦһЦǣʧɫлл
ҡҡͷ֮䲻Ҫ㲻ǵˣţһ졣ļǵõģ
Ҷ˼Ĭûлش㡣Ŀ⿴ԶҪһֱǲأ
ûϵǣ׷Ҷ˼㣬Ҳһ飡ЦſҶ˼˵ĻȴҶ˼̿һЦųķ羰


1233 ʥ
Ҷ˼ȥ󣬿Ҷ˼վǾܾˡûǿҲں׳סҲص׳ǣһȺʶ˾ۼһ԰ؼ̲ס˵ͲٻˣҲ֪ˣ
㵹ûк԰ؽͣЦЦ̲סЦĶҲǺʧ
һźݺݵ㣬ϻĨһ糺죬ǸСͰŮӣǲȫͻ
ں׳ÿĹһԺ֣ԭ˻˼ݣϾһͨߣĴڡǾں׳мֵλɺ˼ұȾȴ΢Сֻ˿Լһ£ӾƻǺþƣŲܡԭִٵһȺˣ׵ķſϵĹ
Ӱ׳ÿԺ֣˸оʱʱҶ˼ȻҲһû뵽ģҶ˼ĵȾ˷ܣ̳ƶһȵڵϺ˯
УʱһĹȥһµʱ䲢ûжá
ҲϹס׼㣬Ҫһǰ
ҡҡͷҴʱʵͨҲ£ڰǡһԣ
ü㲻֪˶ٿǿߣЩϹŷӡͨ˿̼Ѿ⣬ȴ㿪ʥ
֪˵ͷ˵ҲΪ⣬ԲŲϣҲǰһһˣӪǰûʲô̫á
Ҫ˵ʲôȴϵϺͽһսõٺôųںϵơʱ򣬺Ӧóںϵ壬ܽһٴﵽͨҷҲٳһǿߡ
ô˵ϵ˵ͷվûаȥ
գҲû棬һˣ·
㵽ȵʱѾۼ˲ٵǿߣܿʥģҲл֮ʵǿ߲٣һ۹ȥҲ޷жˡ
½ȷʵǿ߱˭ǿ߻֮ࡣ
УҲֹǣͣǺĴͨҲڡͽվһ߰˸֪֮࣬Щ˶ǺͽϹʱһģϵĶǿߡ
ȻȥˣҲȫʶ޹أ̤ǰߵ˺ͽͬλá
ʵֻͨԭܺͽһ˴ͬһλõġս˲顣ȫܺʹͨ档
㵽ûã۵Ҳ˳˿̵ĵ۵ٴλָ绪ֱֱߵĶ棬дżȻϴΰˣɲҶ˼һ죬һ㣡
仰ЦЦҵ㣬һ첻ᵽ
ܿͻᵽģ۵㻺˵ʮֲʣֲĺʮ㡣
û۵ߵĽ˵Ƕʥ֮
ˣϹʱڣÿ˵õһ۵ĵܹʮʥ֮֮ࣿѵ𣿡
ûش𣬶Ž˵ϵʥ֮һŶٵ
ʹϹŻ֪жٵ
ʮߵ͸شһû뵽ʥ֮ȻôࡣҶ˼һٻһһʱ֪ľʮߵµʮ˭õˣ
ʮѾ㹻ˣ˵ȻˣͶʥ֮ɡǣʥϢѪ͹Ŷʥ۵צͼۣ
ߣ۵һȴû˵ʲô˿̿һΪȻԸ⸨㣬ȴòҪȻΪ֮С
˵꣬ӡһŶģһӡк󣬹Ŷݻɽ£һĻ˵С
޴Ļȫķɣɽ£ľޣû˵ǰͬʱ⻭չʱһѹصӿʹͨоĪѹ
ݻ£㲻ʩչֶΣԽԽľޣӺһжͬʵһ˵С
һݻŵ۵۵֣
۵ͷצͼӿڷɲѣһзɳ۶ɳ֮䣬ֱŶݻɽ֮С
ʱǰ𺳵һĻһ޵ɽڿշ裬޵һ𺳵ĳ档
˵͵ҪܵӰһ㣬⸱ۼĻ֮С
ʥ֮ǣʥ
𣬶һӵʥ֮˴
˸ʥ֮׵趯ǣʥϢɢɽӻ֮УɽӻȾһɫһ֣ͨͨϵı˵УĻ޴Ĺ֮š
Ŷûɽӡڹ֮ϡ
ټĻʧǹĴϣȴӡ⸱з裬˰ϣ֮䣬ֲϵĻ䣬ȻҪš
Դ϶Ű֣һƿҲסŰһĿ
һվһʱ䡣Ҳֻʣһ㣬ֻһܿǾһ㣬ôҲƲ
һĻòüѣĿ⿴͵۵ϡ˿ٴһξѪȥҲã
צͼȱʧһǣ޷ȫôһ㣡۵˵һƿһ֣
ҡҡͷ㵽㣬Ҫ
˵֮䣬ͼֱצͼȥ
ϣ
ͼȡצͼһǣ֪ͼצͼһ𣬶ʱâǣûֲ˼֣һֳ׵ĸƿ
۵Ѿıͼ΢΢üͷ޷ôôģצͼȫǣǰȴʵʵڵķˡ
УʥĴ˵Ŀڿ֮䣬ޱ޾ľģЩ͸κһ߶Ծӿ죬ȴͨȫ֡
ʥһʥ͵˼ޱˣֻɢϢܿȴͨⲻʥʲôܽ͵ģ
Щ˷ͬʱ԰ʥ֮ջأĿⶼŴ󿪵Ĺţȴûһ˸̤С
͸һģ죬͸ÿһϣ˸оѾﵽͨĽ͵ˣо泩·ҲƵġ
ַ֣Ǹǲ
ֻ˭Ҳ״̤С˵עУ͵۵ȴ̤жȥ
۵צͼлЩɻ˼ɣСӲôģצͼȫ۵̽һ£û°֣ɴ˿ȴڲ
עУ͵۵С


1234 
֮УųʵʵĵԭƮѰģ⹬֮Уȴʵʣ⹬֮УеĿռǾ޴ģһۿ߼ʡ
ⲻ𺳵ģ㾪ǣ޴Ĺ֮УԵΪ֯޾󷨡
ÿһ󷨶Ǿʥÿһ󷨶˺Ȼֹ
ʥ󣡡
ˮʥ󣡡
ʥ󣡡
ɽʥ󣡡
󣡡

۵ѣǰһ̲סڡвٵĴһЩʥ󣬿ǣЩʥȻ֯黯һĹⶼǻʵʵĵ۶ɣû֪鲼ռĴôǿֱǿԸӵĵز
һȺ˿ҲУǽʱĴҲ𺳲ǺεȵֶΣ԰ǧĴһ
κһ󣬶Կһͨľˡʥ󣬾Ȼǧı鲼ΰ׳ģʹԶԶĿţÿһ˶оĶҪˡ
Ų⣬ɢһɹɵϢÿһɵﵽ£ʹڳ˶ϵĴڣɻǸоǳɢӨӨâⱳųǧĹâŵϢ֯һÿһͨ͸ˡ
֮Уĵǧĵ֯һһӰһӰվڸÿһӰž֮ǣĵ
Ӱâ䣬貶ĿٲԹų棬޾Ĵ֮С
ʥߣ
ˮʥߣ
ʥߣ
ʥߣ

ͿһӰܵЩӰ͸ĵ̲סʧΪͨǣ˿̶ܱƽһ󷢴Ķǰ𾪰˻ϣǺľһĻ
ǿκһӰǻ嵱Ķڡ껪干ǿʤʥû˸ʥ壬ʥ˵һ
һȺǿߣĪʧǶǴͨߣоˮ캣һʥߣһĪʧʥӰȻ֡
ͻɵʥһȺǿʧʥйأҲ֤ʵ㡣
ûƽ껪ʧĶǿŰʮһλǰӰǧʥûӰϣȻߣȴ²ĳʮһǿߵӰûˡ
ڳʮ˶޷ôĴֱʡʥʮһλͨߣȻ֡ǲ˵ʥʮһλͨߺǿ߹Ҫ˵ĻǶôĿֲ
˶㶵Ŀǰ˿ǲ֪ʥǺĿֲʥȻ˶ĴڳҪ˭ܵõ޵ǱȻģ
һ͵Ŀǰ⽻֯Ĵû˸׵̤֮С˭֪ͨĴ֮㲻ʲô
һ߸ϵĽһȺˣ˿Ҳ̲ס־壬ǰֽű̺ܵĿֲǲ֪ʥôǿޱȵңҪʥ嵱չֳĴ˭ҳֶԸʥ壿
˿վʥǰ㣬Ϊǣǰ͸оԼͬһ㡣
ÿֲʥ壡ȫʢʱڵʥ壬ǺĿֲ
ʥףʥΪʲô幦巴ѡĴڣ˭ܷһˮҪǵʥ嶥ǿʧˣҴ̫ʥǿߡ˭Һʥ彻棿
Ψʥ壬߳Խͨʥɣ

ͬ㣬ǰͬǺӵĴŲ֪ǿǧʥ壬޾ĵҲΨĵطпʥɡ
һ˿͵۵˭֪ĵطԲܴ򿪵ģҪ˵⼸ˣ㷭ʮ޷κε⡣
͵۵ĬͬҲκֶΡ
⹬֮н֯ľһȺ˶޲ߡ
ɻ֮УѪҺͻȻĶͷ֮ϣצ֣ѪҺڣڷ֮䣬ȻǰĴҲ䶯䶯֮䣬ʥߵӰӿǴͨĵЩ֯һλãȻһͷ޴ɫ
ɫȫʥߵĵǧʥ̺֮ĵ۶ɵģɫ֮ϣȻǧ
໡
໽Уشʧ޵ǰֻɫеһжɫݻƵġ
һȺˣоԼĵʮֲƽ·ҲҪںϽ֮СͬĺӣĸƵģʮ׽ɫָоȥ㣬˭ܸо
ĸо۾ɵľ޴
ΪͨǺԼĵôġһ֣̺ǧǧ֮еһֻ֣ͬĺƵġ
ʱǼɫȴоĸ塣ʲôѵ˵ʥ
ÿһǾԼ˶ѪҺҪΪ˶𶯵ıŷһôĽеһж
ףȻɣһ֡վֻ֮ܽѣסģͬᱻĨɱǻڣǷӡŽߵҪȻ֮ˣ
ɱǵľŰĹ£Ĺ򣡼ʹѾһǣҲ޷ѣ
ǣǰʥҪĻǲǴõʥܳΪףһжǵƿ֮УܳΪ
˶Ϊ֮ڷɵɫĿ̰ȣ
ͷĹâԽԽŨѪҺڡһȺ˿һĻ󺰵ɱ㣡ʥ֮ˣƣΨɱǲŸпܵõʥ
һ仰˶ͬ׼֣׼ֵʱȴȻ⣬ֱӰΪ׵Ľͱ֪ܿʱ³һͷӣͷӼŴ֮мȥ
˲û˴֮У˵עУԷɿٶԾ֮С
ԭ׼Χɱһǿߣ˲ֹס˽Ųûһ˸̤֮УԾһüͷ
۵ЦĴɡ
𺳲ǣµԾ֮䣬˿Ӱת˴
ⲻܣ۵ۿ㣬дŲ˼֮ɫĴôܴҪ˵ΪͨﵽͨΣ
ɲŲǰģţϵ֮У˿ûӰתò˶ʧǵĿһĻз˾ξˡ
ѵ󲻻ṥʥ֮𣿿ǣⲻܰ


1235 
ͬû뵽֮ж硣ӵʲô󷨣ܴԼܿգ뵽ԴУ
㲻ŵǣӾȻ˾£ҲЧܴ׾ٱܿգϵĽ
ʲô󣿻嵱۷ʱڲµģΪ׵ľǰʮһλʥߡĴɲǶԴоеģ
ɾôͨΪϵĴȴ硣ˮһ㣬㿴һһ㶣
赽ʲôӣ̫̬˰ɣ㶵ĿµӣͷƤЩˡ̫˼ˣĴȻҲ磡
Ӿһ·Уκʥ㲻ϵĽӽġ
۵һȺҲɫ࣬ʧӣкǾ¡ҪܵõʥĻǡ
Ӹո꼻һֵʥҪǵõǾǵĩգ
ܵõʥ۵ͻȻ˵ʥӦúʥ֮ĪĹҲܵõϾûʥ֮
ܱ֤ûʥ֮СӵĽƻ㲻ǵһμУҲóǿ˵ݣʥʥ嵱ƣ᲻һʥ֮𣿡
˳Ĭǰ𺳵ĴȻʥû֡ǲµĺأ
뵽⣬Щ˸ǵĲѣ˶Ŵ󡣵ȴûʲô仯һȺ˲΢΢ġ
ôҪȻȻû֮أͶǰ󣬡ʥ֮ҲԲô׵õʥҪȻʥͳɾʥˡ
˵ͷ˵ʥ֮ǣʥӦбá
˵⣬Ͷŵ۵˵ʥˣˣܷʲô
۵ҡҡͷȻʥУδͨҲ򡣶ңҴﵽͨҲ͸˴㵽㡣
۵ô˵һЩϧҲ۵ͻȲʥҲΪ⣬ǲ̵۵ڡҪȻΪһʥǾͲò˼ˡ
˵ɣټӵʥ֮ǰ¡ʥջûܵסǶȻǰ˵

ƽʱȴѾ˴λãڴ룬ɷ֡Ĺ
ֲֿĵֱֱӡġĿ֣Ҳ治ѡ֪ʲôطȻĹ
㾪֮УӾȻһѪҺѪҺĹ֮ϣĹʱȾѪ죬Ĵ򿪣ӴС
УʱǰһĻ𺳵ȻĿǰ棬𺳲ǰǰʮһʬʮһʬҫ۵ĵ⣬Ĳͬɢᣬ΢һء
ֲĴڣǰĵûܿǡ
ʮһʬǴͨڵʬֻǵĵȴû
嵱ʧĶǿߣһʮһʬʹֳӰһģһ
ĹĹ֮㶵Ŀǰ𺳲浱ĹʮһߴͨʬҪĻֻñ𺳲ˡ
ЩǰһȻ֪ôġ²ĵǶȻΪʥ
껪ﵽ۷壬ҪͻƼܡԣǲգ߳ʥǣȴˡ
ĬͻȻоһɱСŵĲÿһ𣬿ǾΪ׷ߵľ磬ˡ
ֵ𣿡㶢ЩˣɫӡĴ۾ǴһʥҲֵֵ֪á
ĳĬ֮УȴߵʥǰʥһϢ뵽УϾȻ۳һʥʥ۳֮һʬȥ۳һʥ
Ӱʮһʬǰ߹Ͻʮһʥ
Щʥ֣Ͻ֯˻һС͵翴
㶵Ŀӣֻһâ͸ȥĴڣĴȻӶת
⡭
ɴ۾¶𺳲֮ɫӾȻʹڣת֮䣬һ۴͸
Ȼĸ
һ𺳲󶼽֯ϢϡΪʲôôΪʲôӶڴˡ
ӲǱģĻ꣬ĸڡǸǴĻ
ķԺҪըѿһ㣬еһжܽ͵ͨˡΪĻ꣬ܵס
㶵Ŀǰʹ󽥽ڵӣԭأĸоԼѪܸоͨ⣬Դĸ
һеųȥĿٴתʮһʬϡ
Щʬǿֲģͱʬͬÿһ϶ԼеĵǴɵĵÿһʬһ֡
һʬǰĻ껺ĺͶԷĵڣŶԷĵ
ǴԵ
ƽĴͨ˭ĵȫչ˲鿴ǰʮһʬȴ
ͨĵһչ򣬶ߵİġȻ޵֮ĵɸֵҲͬž޴洦
Ǳ˾ûеĻԵʬͨĵ
һһܣĻ궼뵽С֮ûܴǾ԰ȫġҪľǸȱĵ
ͨĵĸ˲鿴͵ͬĻƽ𱦲أɷȡζĺô
ŲɵõĻԵȴõˡ
˾أ붨˶УʱûʥûӣûˡΨңΨǰʬĵϷһ֮䣬ʬĵ֯
Ĺ˾Եļž֮Уӻ㣬붨֮С
붨ȴ׵ķĻع飬붨ı仯ĵ۵ľѣ֪ʲô
ڴת֮Уɫ裬ʱʱ֣ʥɫÿһɫȡϢܿ촫½ûκһƽˡ
һڴͨټҲ𶯣ЩԭڹľǿߣҲʥ֮ȸ
½Ʊãֻڴ˵еĴڣһֳһ󾪺
Ĵ½Ŀⶼе֮Уеȵʥʹһˣƽ


1236 粨
½ǰδеķͳУֻҪߣܽȵʥʥϹÿﲻмˣΪ֮Ļ𺳣Ϊ˲
߻ۣȸӵ֣ǿƺе֮Сȣ洦ɼǿߣ۾ǿߡٳ˵ǿߣȴͬײһ
ʹǴ˵е飬ȻҲʱʱ֣ÿһ𺳲
ʥڹʱʱ֣ɫأÿγֶһƬ֡ĵϢҲͬХһϯ˼ʲѣģǲǴӽʥ
ʥ֮ˣűûеơЩʥΪеˣ̲סҪܵõʥǻкӹ
΢΢İǣǴȻĪ⣬ʥ˿ûյӰ죬ڲϵķ衣Ȼ㲢ûֶӰʥ
ΪʥԵʣʥ֮Ҳÿһ˵Ļꡣ˶֪ʥ֮ʥĪĹܶ˳ȵĿⶼʥ֮ӵߡȻӵʥ֮Ĵڣÿһ˶Ǿġǵ۵Ҳսͨľ
ԷȻֻͨӵצͼǹǹˣעڶռһϯ
Ȼ۵ĵʥ֮һЩҲ׼գ׼Χɱ۵ֻ۵ܴͷԣܿ˭Ҳ
ʱƣĸֳʥ֮ľڹ֮УĸͬϹŷӡľǶǹڡ
оͿڣͿ嶼֪Ϲŵ棬ȻšΪĻع飬һٳΪĹ֮һѹҡ
ʮ𣬳ȥĸѾڣĹ嶼ڣ½ĸ˲ͱˡ½ķӵдͨߵĹΪס
ΪպͺϵԵʣҲռһϯ֮ء
Ϊֲλǣӵͨ۵̬ʹǺλͨҪܿǵķâ
һЩˣʼԷʥ塣ֻͬѡ
½ƱãȫȻ仯½ӵдͨڵĹΪףڴ½ңңȵĶ壬ûдͨĻλ˲󽵣Ϊ壡
ңơ겻ҵͿ壬ΪһλͨԵʣʱʱĵǰҫ
Ȼľ䲢ûбЩϹŷӡĴͨǵĿⶼеʥϡ
ڽ͵£ʮͨͬʱ֣ʥ֮ǣĵٴǣʥ
ǣʥȻ仯ɫһϹ⣬Ϲ̺Ŵɵĵͨʥ֮͸ǵ֮С͸£Щ˸оԼʵڷ
ΪͨǣȻٴθܵԼʵĿСǸоԼĵٴεõץ֮ĸоǵǰһĤ·ͻĤܲ׽һЩ
£ʮ˸о·ĳΪƵģڣڡͬڣͬ⡣ǸоһﶼǸһвǹ̶ѡһƿһеĸо·ͬ飡
ָоʥ֮ǣʥ¼ΪǿңָֻоֻǼһӡһӺɫʧٴλص֮ǰľ硣ƿصĸоʧ
ɾôһ˲䣬Ǹһȴʵų˵ǲ˼ģΪͨǡѾߵǵ۷壬һ˿ܡ
ǣ˿̽ʥ֮ԵʣǾȻǲ˵һֱȥĳԽͨ
뵽⣬ÿһ˺ָܹأƿĸоͻȻص֮ǰһ־޴ָܹоǾҲ᲻á
һʮˣʥ֮趯ĵǣʥϹҪָоס˭Ҳ޷סʥһʧǾʵȴǻصԭľ硣
ʥ֮Ҫʥ֮
ʮĸо֮ʮгȣ¶ǰδе̰һʥܴ֮ĸо࣡һô
ÿһ˶Ŀ⿴ߵͬ飬̰עӶԷеʥ֮ͬģÿһ˶ʮּɵû˸ҳ֣
ʥ֮ŶʮߵвŲʮѣд档͵һӦ缤ȥûмʥȥ
绹ʮҪҵĻǲǿԶ
ͺΪõ۵ʥЩӵʥ֮Ĺ佻۵Ҫ֪ãôҲܸ۵
ңãҪõʥȻʥ֮ĪĹܶõһЩ˵ڶȡʥʱҲơ
룬ͨҲӦԼ뿪ʥиϹȥ
òЩͨľô£Ƕ뿪ʥ
˵ɻܿͽ⿪ˣֻڶĴͨǿߣصԼ֮µĵһѰʥ֮Ϣ
Щ嶼Ƕ壬ڶĶͬʱѰʥ֮ϢʱطƱãﵽ˼ɹĵز½Ҳûƽ
һЩΪѰϢֱӳ嵽Ĺ֮ѰԷγܵˣǴ½׵ķѪȷ粻ϡ
½ɱ¾ϵģʥ֮ס
ʥ֮ãҲı˵֪˵ĶѰʥ֮ͬʱڶǿҲѰ۵˭֪۵ĵʥ֮ȷڵġ
۵ϾûдﵽͨᣬܱȴЩͨļһЩ
ֻ۵صʮأѰ޷ҵ
½׵ķˣڴ½ƽɱ¾ϣѪɺӣ
ʥջЩƿش½ľƲ˵ʲôٶ˲ʥ֮Ҫ
ɱ¾Ѱ£һõһϢһͨǿߣżȻһطõһʥ֮
Ϣ֣ͨ׷ɱԷ
λͨҲ֪գڸѰʥ֮ʱܴ֣ͨδҵ
˶͹ЩͨǿߵΪʥ֮Ȼ˾ߡֻҪϢλͨĵطǾͲϧ˵Ƥ
֮ݲ
µĲǽ壬ÿһ˶ðź⣬ףЩͨʥ֮ŶôǿҵĿ̬Ҳ֪ʥ֮жô


1237 ʮߵ
½ĶûӰ㣬Ĺ֮Уʮһ˵ĵ˵Сκһ˵ĵǴɵġ˵ǲ幦Դͷڡʥ̻壬Ĺǵĵݻġ
츳Ȼĵ£Ҳ㲻ÿ졣ֻû߹һʬʱϢһ֡һһĹȥ
ҪĻᷢÿ߹һʬĹ֮ʱžͱԽӻԽʱžԽӵĻ
ֱ仯Уһ߾ʬǰ붨ϵϢԽԽƮ졣

ʱ䣬ѾҳһƬɱ¾Ѿ鲼֮䡣ʱھ£Ҳٴڳʥ֮˭С
ǬһͬǬڵǬҲϹŻһʥ֮С
ŷʥŮһһԷȴķ֮УŷʥŮҲ˵õŷǿУŷͨҪǣŷϹҲһλͨ
ͳһ
ۼͳһ
βһ
¥ɱһ
һ
ʿһͬģʿᵱĴҲ䣬Ҳһλǿߡ
λͨеһ

ʮߵʥ֮Ȼȫھ˳
ŷһȻӵзڵľŷʥŮʹͨ棬ŷԭеĵ̣ܶ˶Ҵŷġͳ񹬵ҲǿֲĴڡҪǰǻͳ鷳Ѿ˷ˣȫͳĴˣʵֱȥ
β幬գΪȹӡԵʣʵҲͻͽȻҲ̤˴ͨ
¥죬ŴУüʱ䣬һٴ׼ͻƵͨΰҲȫµĵ̣ͨԭǺöԸģȻͨǺʹͨԶǿĲ˼顣Ƕⶢʥ֮ͨ㲻ʲôȫ׾ٵʰ
ǣȴҲǿĹ֮һֻѪǡдԺؿҲﵽ˴ͨˣҪʥ֮֮ѡ
ǣ˵Ŀ⼯еۼͳҶ˼ͨϣʵδﵽͨǵķС˿ʼѰ˵λá

ˣ֮꣬Ϣˡ仯̫ˡtԶҲǣ֪ʥ֮ʲôʱȻպͺϵ壬˸ʥʱЩ¾͹˲ôˡ
ʱ䣬ı̫Ķ½ĸͱˣȫһ飬ЩûдͨĹ壬ڴ֮ͨ±ӻǰҲӻ˲ٹ塣
½ЩֹΣЩĿⶼеĴϣΪ̡˵ԴûʲôáҪĲеʥ֮
ǰ󣬾źܶĿͶ
ȻʱǿҲŷ츲صı仯ΪʥԵʣӵףʥ͸ĵȻ鲼½òͻơ
деͬһʥϢһ·ɳۡӦ֤˵ʥԤԵħ
һˣĵͳֱȫ֮ͨΰͬˣȻΪӴߵҲ֮ͨ
ֵ֯Ҳͻƴ֮ͨ
ŵΪȻҲǰںϵİ£ҲͨҲ˵ڰ֮УͨͨټǸҺʹֵͨĴڡ
ǿֲӪֱˡܳΪʱΪֲӪ֮һ
Ȼ㲻֪ʱܻͬģҲڴܲͨܣ֪ѡȴڴΪģΪһδδ漣Ǿڴٴδ漣
ûȥʥߵĺΰ˵ǲ뿪ΪǺһ뿪ȻᱻЩͨԡ
ȥˣʥûʲô仯Ҫ˵仯ʥֵĴĶˡΰ˵Ҳ֪㵽ôˡӦ֪ʱգһ϶ŵġ
ʥ֮Ҳ֪ô̽ġ˵пдͨ
ҵǲģʵǷͨҪκѡΰ˵ҪǸҳ;ȫˡʥǰնӹʲô
ΰô˵˵ͷ漴˵˿̺뿪˰󣬴Ҵ𼸷־񡣾¶ԷΪǿ飬󣡡
İɣȥˣҺ뿪ҲֻҼ֪й¶Ϣΰ˵
Ҳǣֻǲ֪Ҷ˼Ǳôˣ˵ĺ֪Ҫȫ
˵⣬ҲоЩͷۡҶ˼ʥ֮ȴûдͨʵٴͨѰ׳Ƕһ顣ǣδҵҶ˼
ⲻһֱҲҵҶ˼Ҷ˼ӵһ٣

ԨҶ˼ıҶ˼
û뵽Ȼصıܿ˲˵Ŀֻǣʥҵ㡣Ϲŵۼͳ˵ķϣʥ֮뿪ΣһͷףҲ֪˶µ˶Ҷ˼дżϲ
ұ˴½ҵһ
Ҷ˼Σû뵽Լ㵽ﶼԷҳǰߣҶ˼֪˭棬岻Ǳһ壬Ҳдͨӡʱ
ȴܿϧûеõһʥ֮ҲΪ⣬˸еϣõһʥ֮ϧԼԳ֣ѰҶ˼ǸӴܵͨߡ
첻ˣҵһ
ɣñʥԳ֣涢Ҷ˼˵
Ҷ˼üͬʱһЦȻĴƾҲʥ֮ÿЦ𣿡
ϻ߳Ҷ˼ǰм˵Ϸڣˡ
ؿ񣡡ɫȻ˵ϹŵһˣͽͽֶߵĴڡǴﵽ˴ͨȻ֪ǲʵɵˡ
ʥ£㻹ǲҪµĺã涢ź˵
ûлشĻҶ˼˵뿪һطúò
ҲҽҶ˼ȥ󣬰̫˶ңҪҶ˼ȥﱻ˷֣Ҳʮ鷳ûʲôô
ϡ
İɣԸ϶Ҷ˼˵ɫȻҶ˼ģŵ˵ͷӰͬŮһƮȻ뿪


1238 
Ϻһսһս䣬Ԩֱӱ򴩣Ԩ˲񷣬ޱȣɽֱӱ˴򶷵ನΪƽء˵Ĵ򶷣˲Ŀ𺳡
ͨĴǾ˵ģһ򶷣졣ԨһƬʹǽ岻һĩƵģҪ˲֮ϣ֮أûһõġ
ϺͶԷ֣˿·磬ҸΪİԵǿ𾪣˶ؿǲ˴ͨ
ϢӶÿһ˶Ϊ֮١ʲôǣ
ŵһˣȻϹ֮ʥߵĴ˵ߵ˲ŵĲΡ
ǿֲģ趯֮䣬Դͨݻһλ£ҵ˶Էһһȭֱֱ˶Էϣ棬Ѫɡ
һĻĺ˲侲ֹסĿǰоͷƤ顣˭Ҳû뵽ؿȻܰƵĴͨһսؿ춨޵еľ֮
ϺҹҲ֪ͺؿ뿪˰󡣵֪ϢǺλͨͽ֣Űƽȥ
ؿڣǰֻʣѪˣֻҪǣסѪǣһͨԸͺΰܵõʥ֮˺˷ܵ顣
ǺǿߺƺƵΧΪ׵ĽͺλǺͨӿžƣŰѹ¡ֲѹ֮䣬ҪѰ˺ѡ
ʥ֮ҪȻ˰󣡡ͶŰףѹ£˲ҡ
밵ߣڿնֲɱ֮趯ɱ֮죬ܽǬɱ֮ýɫƽǺһͨ˵ͷһһҰΧգҪסա
һˣסҵˣҪʶȤʥ֮ŭ趯žĴѹ£Ǻһλͨһһǣա
ȻֲҲǡǱǣסҲԵסһλͨȥ
Ǻͨڰ֮⣬һϺĴǿֲģɴͨͬСӡͨһضɽҡҲŤϺ俪һѷ졣
գ㣬һȺһµģȻֲܵסͨߡڶԷͨ˷Ĺ£վᱻġ
䡭䡭
һ𶯶һڴϣ󲻶ϵ𵴣ҡβϢѿһѷ졣
ΰһ˼״ԸԵͨϱֲĵۣ͸֮УŴֵǺͨĹ
ûõģǺȡԿֲϺ£ǾҵĲ
գϷ߶ҪǺУӿϻ裬ѷԽԽ󣬵ѵơ
ͬ֩һѷ鲼ĴǺͨһâɣʥƣ
һ仰֮еɫ䣬һȻһƣ˭ǺĶ֣󽫻
ɾǺͨµʱȻֳ»»Բ£Ǻ֮ǰĵסһһͬ°浾ˮŮվǺǰ
ˣǺͨɫ䣬ڣֱֱĶŶԷ
˿һĻҲʮ⣬û뵽˾ȻǡһŮŮӣ޵ĸм
㲻Ҫ£Ǻͨŭٻ㣬ɫŤ¡
˭ҲƲ˰󣡡ٻ㵭˵;վȴΰͬɽ˭Ҳˡ
յסһУӰٻǰż˷˵ٻ㣬ˣ
ٻЦЦŮһɱѪȣһžˮ;վܿԽ
ɫѿؿò뿪ȴû뵽Ȼǰ֡ҪƿѶϵ󡣶ңȺؿǲˡ
ΣȻˣһҪõʥ֮Ͷͨ˵
˵ͷһסһסƿʰΰʹ죡
˶²ԣɭĶٻգ׼֣ɾ׼ֵʱһҲ˳ֻһŮӹɫȻǧ̬ľ̬ĳ˵С
ҪǼϱأȴء
βգһȺ˵Ѿѿˣ˵βնȹ٣û뵽ԷȻϧΪУվڰһߡ
ԭٻվûжƣϾͨǣס̫ͨ⡣οβҲ֣Ǹûһơ
ĳ˵񣬻ѪǣǾβ壬ǶҪǿһߡȻ֪ǵĴǲѾﵽѪǵĶʵ޹ˡ
ããһ󣬾ȻôǿǳҵԤϡͬģһȻʥ֮ҲƽͶŮ˵
˭Ҵ򱾹ʥ֮⣬ǣնŶԷ˵ҪûֶΣ
ߣ˺һֱһ˦ҲưͨټҪϻĺؿǾκβˡ

һս˭Ҳû뵽ѾǴ½ڵİ󣬾ȻǿߡϾβղ룬λͨһٳΪ½Ϊʹ壬ҲҪâ
ȻһսĺҲǾ޴ġ󲻶ϵǺ彻棬߲ϵĴɱǺߣ⵼Ǻǿ߱׷ɱǿߡ
İǺݱɱܿˡɱһĹ壬Ҳ˶ɱ
ɱ£ӦӰǺ彥ݱ䵽壬ڴӸݱ䵽ϯֱ½Ҳ뽻ս֮С
½ٴһѪȷ磬ҲĿʼƣǺվһԿ
½ɱݱԽԽɱУӵһʥ֮ͨҲ֣Ϊ֮ԾǶԷȻֱȥ󰵸
Ϣʱøͨ𶯣õһʥ֮ߵκһܿȵġ˼쳣ܶ˵ĿҲеϡ
ߵʥ֮˷ˡǺǴ󺰣һ˰󣬶ȡʥ֮ǵĺһЩϡ
ǺƴͬʱǬͻȻ߳Ͱˣڡ
ڻû£ŷ壬ʿҲͬʱͰ󹲽ˣ
ȻͬʱͰˣʱΪΪ޴壬֮𶯲ѡǺǺ嶼òâ


1239 緶
һǧˣ
԰Ϊĵľ޴ˣô½ĸٴη츲صı仯ĹӴ֮¡Ǻ壬òâԸվڰһߡ
ǺҲܿ˷ӦͿ壬壬ͨľһȺϹŵĹǺˡʼѹưƣʥĵ˺֮࣬Ǻĺ£вӵдͨĹվһߡ
ߵʥ֮ջ󣬸òٴͨȣûкǺˣҲܻʱʱһ°
Ǻϣ߲٣ȴƳˮˡ
ְʱȥ½ѾûƽͬģЩûʥ֮ĴͨߣѰҶ˼ʱΨҶ˼ʥ֮õõ
ҲΪ˵ĹҪҵҶ˼Ҷ˼Ҳ֪ֻҶ˼Ѱ
ȻϵûõģڰǺսļҵʱҶ˼ϢҲ˳õҶ˼Ϣ
ֻĿĵصʱҶ˼Ѿ뿪ûзʼѰҶ˼ڴͨ˵ץһߣҪҳҶ˼׵ࡣ
Ҷ˼Ϣǲǵı׽׷ɱҶ˼
Ҷ˼ҲӹˣҪҵ֮ǰתءһ׷һУ߲ϵĽ档
Խǵ棬Ҷ˼ԽΪǱһΣҶ˼ǰŲߣž׷
ϵ֪ЩϢеĲѣԴͨ׷ɱҶ˼ҪܶΣգһ·ӴܣҲ١ҪȥҶ˼˿ȫ߲ѾǺƳˮˣҪ뿪֪ʲô顣

С
һδĵطʶҶ˼ٻ㣬Ҳʶ԰ءطƫƧҲûʲô֮һԴĵطȴվһߵŮӡ
Ů޲ɷй񿴵̲סʧЩʧŵ˺С
ŮȻҶ˼Ҷ˼һ·ӴܣطҶ˼ǰĽˮоżϤ֮Уܾﾭʲôȴʲô벻
ѵҲҵĹ𣿡Ҷ˼Цһ֮ʧ˺ܶ䣬رǸļ䣬Ȼһ˿ûС
ȻҶ˼㵱ﲶɱһߣһЦˬʡ
Ҷ˼һϤŷ֮ϣֻ߳һӣӱ֮ǰŲٱ仯һͷĳһҪˣڷ衣оǣԷϾȻûһ˿Ϣ͸Ȼ棬վƵһ㡣˵Ȼ棡
û뵽Ҷ˼Ҫ뵽С򿴿¶ҲҶ˼㣡
Ҷ˼ԷĻ׶Էʱˣôˣ㲻ʥ𣿡
Ҷ˼ʮ־棬ҪǳĻôûϢҪǣŴͨ׵עһУҪ뿪Ҳû֣
ʼҶ˼ˣԾͳˡ
㵹û뵽ڴֻһʱ䣬Ѿˡ뵽ĵʱţ㵹ס
Ҷ˼ĻȻһЦҲŭ˵ﵽͨˣ
ҡҡͷͨǰ״ﵽ
αܿǣǷѾˣҶ˼ʵ
һҪͨ󣬱ܿĿǲܡЦ
Ҷ˼˵ɣȴҲ׾󡣵ҪҲѣ
˾ͺãʱѹˣܽҶ˼˵
ҡҡͷЩȻҪ֮ǰһҪҪ
ţҶ˼ףɻĿ㡣
ЦЦǰסҶ˼ҲǸоԼֱһ˫ĴָǣҪɿɫƽվû
ȥһطҶ˼¶׵ݣЦɡ
Ҷ˼ҪȥʲôطֻߣٶȲҲ̤ߡŮľᣬеͦο˧ͬɾһ㣬ƮȻߡ
ûԼ٣ؼŲߡҶ˼Ҫʱ׷ɱɼƽݣҶ˼վû˵ʲô
ߣҶ˼һûеİȫУͬʱоʮϤ·ǰҲܹĸо
Ҷ˼Ȼǲ㣬˵ġΪֻĸо
ҪȥҶ˼㣬ʱһ·С
ЦЦûлشҶ˼ǴϽС˶ûڸ٣ȻȻǿ߷֣ߵɷҶ˼˼ϢҲܿ촫ʱҶ˼еϢ
ȻҲע⵽Ҷ˼ߵ㣬Ҷ˼ɾµӡܶɻ˭û뵽㣬ֻҪǴʥĻôûϢ
Ҷ˼УٴͨߣǵҶ˼ʥ֮Ҳע
Ҷ˼ٶȺܿ죬ﱱûлȥ೤ʱ䡣˾Ҷ˼Ϊʲôʱȴķ֣Ҷ˼ߵķȻʥصλá
֮һƬȻ˶š˭֪׷Ҷ˼ܣȻȥҪʲôҪʥ֮͸
ʧǣĿⶼķ򡣶ڲǿ߱£ҲһЩϳ㡣
˴󣡡֮˲Ŀ仰Ϣȴ˶Բ۾ֱֱĿɾ°ˡ
ʥ֮⣬ͨôϢ뿪
ѵﵽ˴ͨﵽ˴ͨҲڼͨػ뿪
Уȥʲô

˶Ȳѣ˲Ͽ塣
Ҷ˼ĺ֪ѵҪΪҶ˼ͷ
пܣţ˵ȥѰ鷳
δ̫˰ɡոճأЯҶ˼ɱ壿ʱҲǴ½ĳ֮һдͨ򰡡
Ǵ˵еĳһŭΪ𣿡

۷׷ף㶵Ŀ㡣ٱ뺷һ˶ԿһҲδ̫ˡ
ĻŮӣһĻȴѣһĽ쳣ҪǳһŭΪյĻҶ˼δ̫Ҹˡ
Ҷ˼ͬɻ󣺡˴ʲô
Ҷ˼ЦЦսҶ˼֣˵ģһĵۼǾ֮ĵۺǣֻܳȹ£
ĻûΣգһ仰ûÿһ˶УΪ֮𶯣һƬžκһ˶仰𺳵Ĵ͡
ʲô˼Լ˭Ȼһ֮ڷҶ˼ΪۺԼϹŵʥΨϹŵʥ޵еĴڣŸ顣
ǣͬһƬϣȻ˵ĻŵĲÿһ˶Ϊ֮ľ͡


1240 㵱Ϊۺ
㵱Ϊۺ󣡡
ȴ͡ԣŵĻ˵仰ǵԼΪһˣΪԼһʥˡ
Ҷ˼ҲĿ㣬ͬû뵽˵仰ԵԣҶ˼㶵Ŀǰǿ׳ӡ;վȴһ̬
ûվ˵ܶĿⶼ͸䵽˵仰̵ʲôѵ꣬ﵽͨɡ
֪ǳԾţȴûһվΪ˭ף˵仰ôܡ׷ɱҶ˼ˡ
㣡㻹̤ɽȥҶ˼㡣
Ҷ˼֣Ҷ˼֣Ц˵ҲΪʲôҲǵҡģǲκһ۸㡣ǵۼĴˣΪۺ󣡡
˵̤꣬ȥǴ壬Ӳ壬һо塣һ·Уݿһݻһ
һ·ȥɱԣȻҲо󣬿ȴһͨĴȴͬһ㣬һݾͻ١
˿ֲֶΣò˸ɫҰף
Ǽе̣ԭΪеܵסƬ̡ͨĵ̣ɲֵһᣬ׾پͱԷ˺ѵġ
ôܣ
˿һλͨµĵ̱һ׾ٵĥ𣬲˾ѣɫ֡㶵Ŀŵɽϵ㡣
ǴͨҲһ׾ٵĥͨµĵ̰Уȴֵһˡ㵽׶ǿˣѵڴ֮õʥ
ⲻܰʥڹڷɣܵõҪõؿ϶˶仯ġ
ԣ㱬ûдͨʵ֮䣬ܹ֮ʵֶĥԷ̡
ǣҲˣ㱬ƽͨѣƻȴˡ
ʩչ˱ֶΣֻǣʲôֶЧ
һЩǿҲ˵ߣĿƵĶ㡣
Ǻģ֮䣬ΪƸΪ꣬Ȼһ壬ȴûһ֮ڣĴ۶һƺɣ
ǿսҵֵһеĴͨϽ
˾ֲʱһŷ֮ƵӰŭӿң
ͨǰһƬǽ壬˴룬ҪѪֻڶԷѪȴӣҶ˼Цϲ׷ɱ㣿
Ҷ˼㻹˼ЦҲżѣͨų޵У㻹δﵽͨ˿Ǻ¡
ͨŭ嶼ĲãʥһֱҲ㣬ȴδ뵽
Ǻǣȷʵֻ·ġ֮壡㿴ͨЦȻа㣡
һ仰һƬȻֱֱĶ㣬Ϊ仰𶯡ʲô˼Ҫɱͨǳ˵ΰɡͨÿһϵʥߣ޵еĴڡǿ֣֮ɱһͨȴǧѡ
ͨΧɱһͨɱˡ뿿Լ壬Լ˭
ŭЦãã˵ʥţȴû뵽ŵֵزʥҪ壡
涢㣬ϸоͨнϢҲ˵ԷδﵽͨһδﵽͨˣȻҪĹ壬⵱Լǰ
ûĽĿ⼫Ϊ͵ĿҶ˼˵㵽Ա߿ţ׷ɱ㣡ҾᣡϣۼԶǵۼ֮ϣƵģ
Ҷ˼͵Ŀ㣬ҪסʱȴѾһ̤ȥˣֶվͨǰµۺġûϵֻҪɱ㣬ȻȻϣ
Цһһǣ֮֮ŤתصֱֱĳҪȥ
̫ˣҡҡͷһƸϵǰʱֻʣһӰ
ɫҲһƾɱ㣬ֻٶȷʵ죬Ȼδܲ׽Էߵ·ߡ
ܵĿкãϣΨʵУֱ趯һأػһһƬضƿ֮Уһ·ΪƵġǴֶͨΣѾһˡ
ڿնֱƶ˶ȥҪɱʥƶһս
֪Է˵Ĵ򶷲壬νĳϣҪɱɾģһЩΡ
Ľ֣ǿĿͶעڴһսĽʥʥع飬˭Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪ʥʲôô
ܶ˶ڹȴıҪսͨǰӪһǿߡҲᱻƴǡ
ǣ˵ģֻΪʥ
ȻҲ˼ǾԡȻҶ˼Ϊһĵۼǵۼλʲôοʲôʸ
ЩڴҪʸĻǰ󡭡
ϾҡҡͷǲܵġϹʱڣҲֻʥ壬ֻʥʸѵ˿̵㣬ܱȼʥɡ
˿Ҷ˼ߵŮˣе̲סĽһŮܻֵز޺˰ɡ֮ܳӣ
۵ȻԣԸʥ֮˵һˡ
ǰǷ񣬾Ϊ׷ɱֱɱӵдͨĹ壬Ҫ壬Եۼۺ֮һôİ
Ҷ˼ʹ֮˿Ҳŵ㲨㶵ĿǸղߴһֱδйģȻɢоǵӰϤ˼֡
㣡ģʥɱ㣬㻹ãõ㣬ٵõʥǱʥĿꡣ涢㣬һһ˵ʥ
ģҲǻĺʹ죡Ц㣬ܹҪһЩ
ûжķϻһٴλȥЯ֮һжƿ֮УʲôǴͨǴȻֻںһɱκ֮µˡ
һ𽥵ı󣬿ռ䶼ƿ֮УеһжԸ¡
δͨҲҽ棬Ѱ
¼䣬һƻƲշѹ¡
㶵Ŀ㣬Ҳɻ󣺡㵱ûдﵽͨûдﵽͨȻҺ潻棿ͨԴͨذ֣֮
һŭΪ̸Ҫˣɵˣ


1241 Ψһ
һƶ£Я֮ƺƵҪһУѣҵĶӿȥĺչʾ֮쳹أ𶯱
س׵ˣǿߣߵǿ߶ܲѹһӰȻı˶ߣ̫
һ㣬˶ס㣬Ҫεסͨıŭһ
˼ѾİҶ˼ȭͷڴʱȴֱֳֳ̧ۣǹĹâֱԷһƶȥ
ǹ貵ĹâããһƬ£֮ϣǺããǻԶԱȵӿĵۡһǹ£Ĵ̴һǹվɫֱֱĶŶԷ
ǹȻûеõˡǽһ֣ҲԿˣ㶢档
涢ǰӣҲ𺳲ѡȻ֪ǹĿֲ廨ľҲΪûгסΪֲǹͷ١ɾˣµǹҲǹҲǾ
ⲻܿͨΨʹӵһʵܱǿ˿̽Ȼ֤ܿǿ
֮Ҳˣ涢㣬Ϊκε˱ʥ𣿡
ЦˣֻǸһѣ㱾ϻעһЩĲġڶԸ㣬Ҳһԡ
㻰˵꣬ããۺͿֲƽڣϣԵΰ·ĳΪƵġ
Ҫ㣬ͨڱǰãǵĵҲ˱ѹƣ˵֮䣬޵ѹı𶯣ͨڵǿߣ巢ɫ԰ס
ʲôǺѹôˣ
һ˲䣬˼УǼµ顣Ȼһֿµƣһĵƥеĸо·һ޷ʵǵĸ߷塣
ۿͨȻĶҪɤΪͨǣԴͨĸоǰȴĸоΪΣ
ͬҲüѣǰĸо̫ˣǰδеġ
ǲҪ֪ڴ֮еõʲô𣿽죬۾͸Ǳ۵õʲô
һ棬һһֲ쳣â䣬ǿĲӿ
֮ʩʥ֮޵У
㻰ﲢȴһر첻شѹһ˶͸Ǿķ֣һӿֳÿһ֮ͨ䣬ͨĽڡ
һ
һͨڣܹۿһĻͨǿ߶ˣΪ֮񣬺ǰһĻֱ߸ǵ֪
ǡİʮһλʥߵĳͨ
ʮһλʥߵĵȻһݻ
߸ǵ֪κһ˶⡣ʮһλʥߵĵܵõһԳΪ޵ǿߡȻݻвʮλʥߵĵ
һڲϵ֮У
ԣĵͰʮһλʥߵĵƣȴƣ
ǵģоĵ˵ĸо·ڣ֮⡣
ݻİʮһλʥߵĵȻо޴죬ȴҲ֮

Ҳ䣬ǰһĻ˫ͫɵľ޴еȫ¶
۾͸㣬ɱ㣡
âɣѾ֪жͨ֯һˣâɣ޹һ㣬ƵֱϢͬɽҡΡ
͵һ渲Ƕȥ޴ɽҪɱ
䣬Ⱪǣֱۣһȥһ㡣صӰͻȻһ֪ɵӰֱȥԿһС
ʥţһͨѣκε˴ͨΣҲͨС
ʱǻƭģҪһֲ֮еĵͨͨ𣿡
㲻Ļ仰˶ɫ̣֮еĵʲô˼˵Լ
˻δӦһĵײһ
񷶶ǳҡһжһûһ죬ֻըľ޴âһȴ屬˳ȥϵȻѿ
һ֮ĴͨˣǱҲˣ˶
ͨĭжʧѡȻͨʵսͨռϷ磬һֺεȵķ緶һʥ
ǵĴУһȴüͷС˴ͨһȻûش
һĹ֮УŰʮһʬĵҲ츳棬Ҳ𵽵Ĵãпǰʮһʬµİа
һ֮䣬ʮһʬӵеĵǳȻĵǲͬ޷ȫõǣȴĵݻݻǵĵ
Űʮһֵ֮Ƶ¡ôǿҲ˵塣֪ʮһȫݻԼĵ׽ɵһǿԶԶ֮ͨ
ͨԴͨԭֻĲࡣѹƲǿֲģڱ˵ãڳ֮˵ʲôã
ȻͨǽŰʮһֵĸԼĵ£Ѿͨˡ˿̵͸ոսĹ֮
ҪﵽͨǾǻΪһȴ֮У֪ͨߡ룬ĴͨǲǿԼĵԼԼ񣬺
Ҫ˵ĻǴͨܿȵģ
㲻Ҳ붮Щһδߵ˿ҪľɱǰͨҶ˼Ϊۺͬʱ֪䣬ȻǴͨҲԳΪΨһ
Ҷ˼¿ȻƵ·磬ͣҲ𺳡
ĵҲ쳣޷ǰһĻᣬ趯ĵͨſֱֲӱȥ
䡭䡭
ĵĪ⣬ž˫ϵĳ汻Ƶˡ
ڶͨڶĵɵĹѾһ˿־壬ݻĵԽԽֲеĿ־ԽŨ
˿̵ĸоǵļƵģһеĵݻݻĲһѡĵûдﵽɡɾˣĵѹ˶ԷԷȻδ޾ڶļ֮£Ȼѹס


1242 ͨ
ͨľ罻ִͨȴռϷ硣һ漣ǰδСĶһΣʹʥҲ޿ͨʤͨ뵽ʤ۵
ѵܳԽʥɣ
²˲ž㡣ʱ㣬ӿһǿĹ쳹գ񷱻ķѡɨϰ˻ģ𶯱
ɣѾȫϴͨˣٴγһǿߡ
һ£ݻͨͨɴ󣬲ϵĳǿֲģʥ֮дϢʥĴ̫ˡ
ڶͨĴ󲻶ϵĹɨ潻һ֮ϰ˻ģǿ궼ҪϡǾս
̤ңΣ쵽˼£ʱ·ֹһĶķ
䡭
ٴһѣУӿ쳱һѪвĴˡ
һսļޱȣϹ֮һսƵϴʱ˶ԼǿϵնɱԷշѹ񷣬ƥսȫӳޱȵĿ¡
˲Ͻ棬Ѿȫ˵ӰˣʹΪͨԶԶۿҲֻܿӰĹ˺Ȼ
貵Ĺâռݵ㣬ɨգ˲⡣
Ķս֮УԽսԽ£ޱȣĿⶼе֮ϡ
ۡ
Ѫһ𶯣׹²񷣬֮Զס塣
ͬɫǱȻһЩǲֱҲˣͬвơ
ͨϾǴͨȻԼõʮһλʥߵĵݻɳԸӵĵزɶԷվһǿȻ
涢㣬о壬ܵѪҲ⡣ֻһ֮ҪԷȫˡ
㣡ȻռϷ磬ȴɱ˱ʥΪֹΣ
֪ɱ㣿ЦдżЦնɱ㣡
룬ΪͨڡʥҪɱһ˶ѣֻͨѣɱң
Ծ֪Ҳ˵ֱӱӿ֮䣬˺ѡˣֱԷȥӿֲ
˶Իǿߣһզ಻ѣѵҪɱ治ɡôĵͨǺεʵռһЩϷ磬ɱͨҲѰ
ϾƽͨΧɱһͨ
Ա֮ʥ󣡡
ŭƴʩչ֮һĵʩչ££˿ȴͨƲ趯ĵâ
㵱׵õһһһ׾ǹʥ󡣵ʥƾһ¡ִȻԣɺ൱ֲˡ
ʥɱԴ˿ڶĵʩչһؼĹ֮·һ۶ХһĹžķâ캧ܷڲѣ֮䣬˶⹥ϢǸоһͷ޶ƵģǸ˷ſ֮ġ
һ޷ľ֮ӿ֮䣬ֱȥȻǿǴ˿ȴҲ̲סɫ䣬ȻĶƵĹʥ
һʥָоڹ֮ϣƸʤʥɫ䣬Ҫ롣
ᣬɫɭ趯ĹһéͶȥ
ʱ趯ϧȼԼľѪǣֵ֮һé
һéŴݿƣһ£һж˺ѵķ飬ֱӳĵͨĵǿֲģɾˣҲһéᴩ
ֻǣĵƬ̣ȡ˼ʱ䣬ӰԶߡѾĺ㽻ˣֻߡ
һͨҪߣѵסˣҡҡͷȻʤԷɱԷǲˡ
ֻˣ˶η㣬ܱƵ޵еĴͨˣһҲ಻ԶˡҪǣ⹥ֲ̫֮ˣ֮һƥһ㡣
˺ѿռ䣬˿Ҫ뿪ʱ򣬴һŶŶѹصϢ˺ѵĿռ䶼ѹֱ£ɽݻ̩ͬɽѹ
˵˽ҪǾͶȻҪ
ȴɫ԰ףϽ趯ͨסŶͨ⣬ŶȻѹ϶£ռһƬݶ£վǿס˹Ŷѹ
δüˣٴαһ죺
滹δӦͼһ׵缤ǹǹǹǹֱֱ
ܿ˾ʥ󣬿ס˹Ŷѹȴڱܿǹһˡ
κһôͨܶشĹͬʱʩչߺ£ӦӲϾǹֱţŴ͸
ڴͨ˵һ㴩͸ǵҲɱǡǹʲôǹŻ͸ʱҲݻ
Բ۾ؿڵľ޴Ѫ㶵ĿйɺѪҺ˴ԭأϵϢǹڵϴݻ
ڲֱӵ£Ӳ䣬ͬʱһƬѪ
ǹصУѪδմû˿ķâŶҲָС
ŵնµ棬дżɭ䣬ԼʵɱǲܣֻҪõõɱκһˣЦǶԷȻΪԼɱΪͨ鲻ɣ

ʥɽ֮ϣҵɽ˼¡ôҲȲе𶯣ѾһƬžˣһ㶵Ŀһʬ
ͨǵ޵еĴڣǿǣվǲġҪȥΨ¶ѡ
ǿʲôϹ֮󣬵һͨ䡣һͨС
ʥ嶼ɱ˴ͨΨһսڶǿΧʥʥ߲ϧͬھɱ˲ٴͨʱɱĴָͨʥ壬ʥҲǷǡ
ǣǿʲôɱĴͨȻУϹ֮󣬵һŴͨ䣡
ûǴ˿е뷨ֻоԼڸһ仰˵ǧ˷
Ҷ˼ͬƽû뵽ɱһͨ⼸ǲ顣ֱֱĿŴ̤£ɫȻ㣬ͬ𶯡
ܶΪžΨƵߵУȻҪһ塣


1243 Ҷ˼ָ
Ѫȷ磡
˭ס㣬˭ָҵ㣿֮֮ͬɱѪˣһѪ̻һ㣬Ѫȡ
Ӵˣ֪ĺǴ˿̿˵̻ʱ̲סͷƤ顣ףҶ˼ĿôĵλΪˣħ顣
ѪƮĿѪȣ˶о̹ǵĺ⡣
ûһ˸վָ㣬ĿѪȵɱ¾ѪΪƽأʱǿһ壬С
ɱ֮ǣҶ˼֣̤֮ߣžķ緶ȥ٣
𶯣½𶯣
һսûйã˶ˡ˭֪Ӵֱ̤նɱһͨһ塣
ΪϢһļžУԭɱϵĴ½ͻȻ֮ƽ
ߵҶ˼Ϊۼۺû˸ҷЩͨûһ˸վľ
½һˣ
˿ʼ㣬Ȼδͨնɱͨսòǿڱﰵۡϣȥ㻹˭ɱ˴ͨ
ͲУǲУؿҲУΨ㣬㣡
նɱͨ˵޷ġƽͨǻ඼£ʹǿһߣҲ⡣Ϊһﵽͨ˭κε˭в
Ǵ˿ȴͬնɱͨɱ棬ǲɱǣ㣬ӻ᲻᲻һУͬɱһɱǹ
ǲð鲻Խһ˿־塣
ԭͨҲǿɱģԭͨҲ޵У
½ѵõİȻһǰȥ鷳ðĳ׵ҫһ

ΪϢƽΨȴҶ˼СϣСЩ˿Ҷ˼Ϊˡǲ֪˾ô½𶯵
ллҶ˼˵
ɱ˴ͨ壬⻹˭鷳룬㻹䣬Щ˾Ͳ׵鷳ʥ֮
ҡҡͷЦ֮䣬лл̫İˣ
Ҷ˼ûн仰˿޵֮ижҲ֮ǰİ£ȴͬϡ
ȵȣͻȻҶ˼˵
ţҶ˼ɻĿ㣬ȴ
ΪİҶ˼ȡȹϵմŵĲš
ûжС·ϳһЩմĲţҶ˼ĳȹܳЩմ˲ȹϡ
ȻĶһţᡣ
Ҷ˼ȻȻ·һ㣬Ҷ˼ȴĺ촽¶˲֮ɫ
Ҷ˼վ㶵ĿһĻ㣬ҲܱƽֻоһǰδеĸоֱͷԼ˶Ҫһ㡣
Ҷ˼ͣʧĿ㣬оȻӿһɱڵĸжۣǰδеĸо
Ŀ㣬δܷӦ
ǰʲôˣɱͨĴڣɳΪĵһˣ󣬺ݣǣһˣȴͬһСһ㣬ȻȻƽӶö顣
ôˣҲҶ˼״̧ͷɻĿҶ˼һۣһŲŸ񿪡
Ҷ˼ǰ۾żɻѯʵ㣬ͻȻһоֱҶ˼Ҳƽ۵ᣬ£ϣͬ滨һ㡣
ôˣЩվҶ˼ᣬ֪ŮôͻȻ
Ҷ˼ǰҵӣԺнӿһӰӣӰӲϵӡԺ֮еʱҶ˼ȻͬһӰӼӰӺ͸ողӰڣͬһҶ˼Ժըѿ
䡭
Ҷ˼ֻоԼԴҪѿһ㣬̲ס˼¡״ɫ䣬סҶ˼㵽ôˣ
˿ҲҲҶ˼ʲôԭͻȻɫ˲Ұס
ǣĵĲûмֶáֻ˲ٵҶ˼̧ͷ棬㶵Ŀ㣬ӣ㣡
ڣ㲢ûзҶ˼״ΪǰҶ˼
Ҷ˼ͻȻֽı㣺л㣬лһֱǵңлû˵Ļ˵ܽʲôҶģ
һ仰ͬ˴ԭأܿͱҶ˼͵ˣˣ
ûһ̱˿̻ģҶ˼ڼˡ仰Ҷ˼ʧ֮ǰҶ˼˵Ļһֱûи߹˿Ҷ˼˵˵Ҷ˼ѾǵԼˡ
ıҶ˼嶼̲סûһ̱˿̼ġ
Ҷ˼ͬˣ㡣û뵽֮ȻƵģ
вһˣ֮Ҫƿֻٴΰˣٴβ飬ƿ
Ҷ˼˿һжˣ껨ɴ֮ȻǶʥˣδûڴԣϣʥܸжٴʥˡ
ֻʥվûԻһδƿ֮ȴû뵽˿
֮ʵ֮
Ҷ˼ޱȵĸжΣκһʱ̶ǰӣı㣬ҪΪһƵģеˮҲϵĵ䣬ļʪ
ߵﲻףʹˡǣջǼ
Ҷ˼ԼǣЩȶĺһ
СżȻһĻһʧºС
ԭɾҲͳ˷񰡣
Žһ𣬵ǵ漤ǵҶ˼㣬СͻȻоҶ˼׾˲١

Ҷ˼ոջָ䣬Ȼ罺ᣬҶ˼أʱʱǰ֡Ҷ˼Ϊƿ֮Եʣʼİѻɵĵͳ͵ۼĵͳںʵҲһǧ
ۼͷʵ

ɾһֱһϢҶ˼ֹͣ
ղ֪ΪΣͻȻһͨսλͨսҹ֮󻹲㣬һɱһӵдͨĹ壬ɱ֮ٴηƽ
õϢʱЦáŮ֮УյĶأȻЩŮˣҲЩŮǰֳʲôҲá
Ҫǲģ϶ᷢйȻҶ˼Ĳռʣֱ˷й
쵰ߣ֪ô֪Ҷ˼һۣ֪ģҲաΪձСŮԡֻû뵽ǣô֪
Ҷ˼ҲʦģϽֵҶ˼ͷŹҰɡǱ߻֪ôͣϢء
仰Ҷ˼̲סЦһ۵ˣǱȥ˵յΪһŮ˶ΪŮҡǵں׳Ǻ͵۶ʱ


1244 һ֮
û뵽صᱻ׵ĹջҶ˼ûʱһֻҪһɢ㿿Ļᡣ
ĿɿڴһȺŮ̸ЦȻΨһߣֿЦá
ЩŮ˲ֻܺ˻һȾƳΪԵʣȻһ壬Ҳŭԣˡ
Ϊֹ֮Ű˵ʥ֮զ಻ѡϰӪ֮оŷ壬ǬڣʿӪʧʥ֮
ؼʥָҲֻжʮߵӪҪռһ롣һЩ̲ͨסϼǲʰ˰
߸壬˵Ǻɱٲɱ˵һʥӿ֡Ϊʥ壬Щ˻л·
˵£һЩҲֻɱһͨ壬ǻй˼ɡ
ͼҲ޿κΣ̫𺳣ηѾﵽԸӵĵزЩͨѾĬǵһˡ
ܣ⵱һ˵ͷһͨûﵽ˶ȡǴǵɶԷսȴֻǽܡ
ֱһı䡣
ӵĵʥ֮һֱûгֵĵ۵ȴͻȻڰɽǰ۵;վͬһ㣬ɴ˵ѹȴġżЩϸǰȥ𻰡۵ȴܰѶԷʮ˴Ϣ˵˾üˡ
۵ò˲Ŀ˳ƺΪɡڰɽټȻҲһȺˡ
㵱ʱ۾Ҳû뵽֮󲻼۵ȻҲ˴ͨʥĴͳǲõˡ
۵ҴﵽͨϢ䣬ÿһ˵Ŀⶼеɽ֮¡
۵ʥˣ¹˿̳㰵֮£ǲǴԷϵܣҪһسӡ
˿̵ĵ۵ȫõʥĴУȼʥϹŵһˡȴΪɱһͨΪĵһˡĴڣ˿̾ȻҪٴν档
Ӱ߳ŵ۵ҲƽȷʵľУһֱԼǿһҲǿһ֡˿̸Ǵﵽ˴ͨĲΡ
ڳˣ۵㣬Ϊһ˵
Ϊˣ㿴ŵ۵˵ûһ
ģˣʥҲ۵ùڵأߺɵһ뿪Ŀ㡣
㿴һ۱۵ߵߣЦ˵û뵽ԽԽûϢˣ겻Ȼˡ
ҪҪʥΪһ۵˵
㣡;վȴŵ۵Ҫ۵ܰʲô˿̺õʥȫеĵ۵϶Ҳʥǿ֮
ǱʥΪһ
۵˵֮꣬ӿֳһģһ֣͸֮УǣأȻ֣˵ϢӿϢ£˸оԼ˶йƵģ·ܿԼ
˾ηмӣ㶵Ŀŵ۵ƺ˵ʥĿֲʥ˵˶գΪһҲûʲôֵġ
ЦĿŷĵ۵۾վ㣡Ҫ۾ͳ㵱һҪ㲻͹
ԣ۵˵ʥǿľ֮Ҫ֮κβ㣬ȻȻĶ֡ԣҲ۸
۵˲ˣһȺҲסϹʱڵǣ֪ʥεȵĿֲʥ֮أͨ㵽ֲĵ֮һ
˿öԷ㣬ռơǣҲԳͨɱͨһ
һ֪λһˣһεôײ
۵һĲϴȥ˵Ĺ켣ΣƺܼŽ񣬼ǰ
һжѭĳֹɻתһ޴Բ̣˵Բ̣һķʽڲϵı仯
۵ļΪ棬ĲϵĽԲ֮УһĹ켣ֹ켣ǣ㡣
˿̵㣬ҲоһĪǣĵҪǣϢ׽˳ϢǣоԼ˶Ҫ֮ܵǣһ㡣
дż֮ɫԭΪԼ޵ĵ֮ڣԷҪԼ˲ܡû뵽ԷǣԼˡ
һξʥĿֲԶ֮ԼơǿֺεȿֲѹֵΪһˡ
ܵԼ˺ֱ֮趯Եݻ趯֮䣬ŤתԷ˵ǣ
˶ס˭ó͵۵Ȼûֱ棬ȴһָΪֶڽ֡Լĵϵ趯֮䣬ʼǣԼĵ
۵ɫɭ䣬趯ϵ͸˵ĴԲ֮֮䣬˵Ĺ򲻶ϵ趯Ƭ£һЩϢֵǿߣǿǾһĻ
ֻسһ棬ǵ˻棬ǵͬǵĹһжǰ֡
һ㶵ĿǰԼĹͽ޵Ŀ־塣
˭ˣڶԷһܶûУ˶ԷաǺεȵĿֲһɱǴǿ߻Ҫη塣Ŀ־塣
۵趯ԽԽֲһ۽֯ɢ֮·ﵽ۾֮Щ۵˶ݻ
۵ɫҲԽԽֲ֮תĿֲϵĸȥеӡԽԽ졣
֮
۵һ޴ԲȻķܵǣͬʱѹȥоԼ궼ҪܵƣҪƵġ
֮Ч֮ˣҲܿأ
֮ͨ࣡
һͬʱϢд͸޷ĵ
㱾۵ˣ
һһУ۵ȫʩչȻıը֮Ĵ䡣
͡
۵һѪҺ³嵹ɳȥɫ԰׵Ŀ㣬һƬȻ
ôܣ
۵㶵Ŀ㣬ȴžξˡʥǿ֮ͨܲȻˡ
֮Ŀֲ۵ҪҪĴۣڶƿر˵ˡǼߵĴۣʥʩչ
۵ҪĶ㣬ҲԲʩչ֮ɾ˴۵֮Ȼı˸ˡ
۵ʧĶ㣬ɫӡ
ΣǲǸùˣ㶢ŵ۵˵ƽȴÿһ˶η


1245 ֮
ɣ㿴ɫ԰׵ĵ۵ɫȻ˵۵˻Ƶģһֱңڲ磬ҲܳԽ
۵ĨһǵѪҺŴѪƣǺȻ֮ɫѾǴͨʥ˶١۵ȻйΪ˿һܳԽ㡣û뵽ǣȻǰˣܵôסʩչʥǿ֮κβ
۵㱣ƺܽʵԭΪԼܶصһ˵裬ܶҶ˼һУƺԶȥ
һսԵ۵Ӱ죬ҲͬΪ֮𶯡һս֮󣬾ĵ춨һ˵λáû˰֮ǰȵڵһ˵ıϡ
˴ֻ֪Ҫڵһ˵ıϣҪԸҪ˼һ統ʥһҪɱʥ壬òʥ
ΪΨаʥɱˣǲŷĶԸˡһ˵ȻһȴǾ޴ġ
룬Ҷ˼ΪۼۺͱȻˣû˸˵ǣ
𣿡㶢ŵ۵ȴϡ
µĿϹŵһ˵ĴйΪԼ޵вɣһŵؼըһ仰Ϊ֮𾪡֪˿̵ƣ˭鷳
֮У߳ˣ˲ǱˣǽͺǺ棬վĶ棬˵¿δ̫ˣʥҲܺȳġ
㵹û뵽˿̻˸վüͷһ˵µһǲңɱȴԣ
ӵĻý͵ɫҲ࣬˿̵İԵǰδ㵱ûΧʥ֮ǰʥǿмӡȴû뵽˿̵ȫǷ˵
ͺǺɫѿվڵ۵ǰɱɻǵһˣ
۵ɨ˽һ˵ǵ˼ʥ㱾ʥһܣȴۣͬǡصĲǱʥʥ֮ѣ
۵˵꣬ûٴһȺˣӰûռʧ۵Щ˵ĿģΪʥѡҲһȺ˵ԭԲźߵôǴ˿ѾҪˡҪǣӵĵʥ֮һ˵ͻᱻΧ۵ðա
㣬վҪԽģ
ŵ۵ˣ˵ɫѿһĿת㡣Ҳʮֹ˼ɣϾԷɱͨܲǾͲǡ
ɽ͵֯Ը󣬺ѾɾˣҲ˲ôˡҪǣΪΪһ˵Եʣʥ߶ڶ԰֡˿ְʥˣƻﵽһôĵزǸû˸ˡ
£ͺǺ治òվҪȻᱻ׵ĹʱƾŰƣǾ鷳ˣ
ԲǿǶòվ档
㣡ʥ֮һЩɡ㰵ӵ̫ˡͶ˵żְ
һ㶣漴ЦǺЦ۵û뵽˸Ա˵Σұ鷳ˣ
Ȼ֪ԷΪʥ֮˭ʥ֮Ҳļ򵥡ɶԷȴģҪԸ
㣡ȻҶ˼ΪۼۺǾϵһˣȻǵһˣҲҽҵ˵սû㣬ֻ˺档
ǺЦͨȻ˵˶Ըһ˵ĻЦǻĶˡ
ɫҲ̲ס˺죬ΪͨǣǵǿĴڣ޵еȴ˵˺ս㣬βо
Ҳ˲ôˣΪѹ棬޳ҲҪ
ҲҴӦȻϵһˣѵû𣿡ЦҵǲҲóϵۼݣ
仰ͻȻЦ֪ǵĴ㣬ҲüۡҲգȻҪս۾սһΣ
Ļո£һȴ𣺡δ̫˵ˣ꣬α˳ǵǲҪսǱһΣ
ڻ£յӰƮȻ£ӰĻ̬֮Ļ꣬߶Ҫ̬£
㿴Цôˣ
ն˵ͷ˵Ȼ޸㣬һ壬ȻսһӲս
ͼվɫ̫ÿľǿ߲٣˸ҽа㣬ǴΧ˼Ҫǰǿվǻδ
ǲ𣿡Ͷ㣬ҪǲңҵתߡԺٷۼ֮ġ㻹һ˵ı
վǰһס㣬ҡҡͷʾ㲻ҪӦǡտĺҪʤȻ˵ƽﵽһԸӵĵزҪǰˣʤѻƣ£ԷĹ˼Ҳή͡
ǿûҪսͨѶȵġͨÿһ򵥣ʵ޵СҪǴﵽͨһ㶼ģͨҪս˾ЩΣˡ
һЦһЦʮֵȻ·һ΢ƵģİɣСѣɲʲô¡ǣһȥȾƣ
ĻȻûУվɿץ֡
ȻҪսǱ۾ս
ȴÿһ˶Ļ𶯣İԵһչ¶ţΪһͨȻͨս֮Ψѡ
㵱ʥҲδйľ
ͺǺӦǶһۣãã¹ðˣ˶ȻһĻ䣡
׼֣ȴֹȵȣȻҪսܵеͷɣ
ͺǺһۣоԵʰ㣬һ˵Ҫʲôͷ
ͿóʲôˣŽ˵
ʥ֮ͷΣͶ˵ǰˣеʥ֮㣬Ҫˡʥ֮Σ
ҲգȻʥ֮ۻۣȻûʲôֵǮĶɡν˵ʥ֮治ϡ
ߣֻ߰˭֪ʥ֮ļֵֶ˭ԸõУôܲ⣿
ҲͣӰŲ֮мȥ
ȻҪսǾɣһгһǹǹǹûɢƣӿ֮䣬֮
ͺǺҲʾȡͬصЧֲ쳣бɱͨÿһ˶оȻޱȣҲΪʲôԷ֪˿ֲ£սˡԭҲӵпµ


1246 һé
˻ȭͷ貣ͬʱ趯ȥֲĹâһ𵴶ͬһ趯һ趯˺ѡ
ʥƵ֮䣬ӵɽ֮УɫĴգҫֱȥСӡǸҺ㽻֣Ϊ׳ҪȻֳֵγܵˡ
һϵ𶯶ֲ趯𵴣ӿ֮䣬졣
ͨݻסԷһŶԷ˵ʵǲӦƱ۵ģͨԺۣۻ˼һ
˵֮䣬ܷ趯趯֮䣬ڹž趯ʮضԾĹʥ趯ֱ˶ȥԳǹ趯Ƹʤս档
һ·һ˸ľɱԽʵǿԽܸоɱǿرǴﵽͨĴڣоԼҪһᴩƵġ
ߣȻǿҵ֣ȴڻ£ЦϵĽ⣬Ʋֱȥң㿪
ǺҲԾӿȥվҪ㲻ܵ񻰣
Զ񻰣ܹƲˣЦҪעˣ۽վһ
ͺǺӿ֮ͨͨ䣬ﶼҡ쳹أƾ㣬һսڶϹŵĴͨڹۿҪһսĽΡ
ҪʤҲΪǣʰѡ˶ʤ㣬ǡ
һսӰ˭֪ŰλáҪʤȻȲʥơҲʥƷչˡҪǰ˵ĻܶȺΧΣˡ
ǺϻգǶȭͷĿⶢ˵Ĵ򶷣ڴ㴴漣
䡭䡭
趯ϵѹ£Ժصȴκβ㣬Ըֶε¡
ǿƣһչ¶ţÿһ˶Ϊ˶Ծսͨܣһôľ֮⻹δﵽͨҪﵽֲֻ֮ͨ
ʥʲôĶ֣
뵽⣬ͻȻ͵һ֮ͨʤʥǵﵽ֮ͨǲǴﵽһ־磿Զʥľ磿
ڶͨ𺳲һ׷󲻹Ǹһ¥ȴԶʹʥδܳɹ
˿ѾԽʥҪһ¥ﵽ˴ͨǲǴﵽǰδеľ磿ǲǴߵһֱ׷ľ磿
뵽⣬˳Ĭ˲ո˵һ仰˵ںʥ֮ʱҲ̬Ǵ˿룬ͻȻͷƤ
ҪĴͨĳԽǣҪʥ֮Ҫã
뵽⣬һʧĶ㣬ʹǺ϶ƽһǺĿֲ
ͺǺ汩һֳǹԾͨ趯ȫסǵĹĹκβ㡣
ͺǺΪ֮ԾҲû뵽ǿֵزȻ͵Ĺ¶·硣
ʩչͨɴһѹ˵֮䣬ⱬһŰʵķ飬Ǻǹ貣ͬƣɵĴ󣬾ƥ
ͨһ˺͵Ľڣһʲô
ҲģҪֵĻԵס
˼ͬʱȴЦΪʲôɱﵣѡҲգȻǱ۾ʰ㣡
ǻΪɱǱ۵ȫɱ۸㡣һսУûгȫֻǿθ˶ѡ
Ļȴÿһ˶Ҫѣɱֻͨǿθˣôʵ
ǵʺܿ˴𰸣ֻ趯žͨһϵ趯
Ե࣬࣬࣬࣬Ϊ㣬ԹŶǹΪʬ֮Ϊé鹥ʥﲻɵ
˵֮䣬һͨϵ趯ͨһһͨʩչ֮ʬͨϵ𵴶
ͨϣһɾ޴Ĵ
˶ʧǵĿ趯ͨսʱ಻ʩչʮͨǣڱԶԶ
ͨʮ˲ʮʮϱʮʮ
ûܱƽһֵաȴôࣿģ
͵ݻĵܿﵽʮ𶯣ûƽǲ˼顣
ǲҪҵ׶ǿ𣿽վǿʮһԾʥʩչܲɱǣ
Ļ˵꣬ʥһé
ǾɵֵĹƣ趯ͨ۵Ĵ˲䱻̵ķ顣ҲǾɱ֮Ҳʥ󡣿һé֮£ޱȣ׾ͱ˺ѣͬ˺һֽһ
һéžĹ˵Уһˣ˶ڣ㶵Ŀ⾪׶һé
ͺǺɫ䣬¶˿־塣һĿ־ǵðΪͨǣδˡʹΧʥʱʥǿԱǶδˡǴ˿̣ȴ־ˡ
ͺǺȥǰ档
һé£ͬ˲䱻ݻ١
ڴݻ֮һéٶ˿ǣ˴˹ȥǺͽ͵ˣǵٶȵϡ
ѪɫߵǺ棬Ҳ˲ʲô͵һץԷһé˹ȥԼ˺ѿռ䣬ſռӴܶȥ

˭û뵽;ȻǺΪ׼
һé޻εĴ͸Ǻ壬ֱ佣ͶȥֻƴǺ棬éżýץס˻ᣬһ֮࣬Уӵһ
ǣéȥһ̣ҽһһѪҺ˳ͬһղ
һĻòʧ˭Ҳû뵽ıʡ
㿴ߵĽͣЦһҲû˵ʲôֻǣΪǺоɱѣȻһ˺Ը
ǺֱֱĵȥػָƽµֻһƬƮѪ
ǺľÿһͨĿ⣬ǶǵĻߣܼžһƬ㶵Ŀ㣬кȻ
Ľ˭û뵽
Ժв˸ոյľһéкȻ뵽˭ܵסľһéǣ뵽⣬̲סһɺӿͷ˶䣡


1247 ʱȢ
һéķ緶û޼᲻ݣûʲôܵסһͨ׾һéᴩֽͬһ㣬Ǻεȵ
һéˣûһ壡ÿԺֵĶһéݻľ˿ɣҪǴ˴Χǣͬһé¡
ڶ̲ͨסҺǽͺǺ˴ǰ档ûбͺƳֶԸ㡣
˿̵㣬еĵλѾԽʥ
һս𺳿֪ԭ԰ĸ壬ֹͣǵĽŲ˱ܿķâû˭׶԰¶⡣壬òܿķâ
ƴﵽԸӵĵزĵλѾȫӵкʥͬĵλ
ͨΧ㣬һһ˵Ľ½رδͨùĴͨһۼһЩ顣Խϳɽˡ
Ƕ˼ɰ󣬹˼㡣һ޷⡣ֻܲϵĽϣܿ㣡
ƵĽӴҲû⣬ǺͨʬѰһ£δҵǺʥ̲֮סЦһעȻδϣؾǺһλͨˡ
ȻǷĶעҪġͲ֪ȥˣҲȥǺһλͨȴӲˡ
߳ľٶò˾岻ѣ½ǿΪ˶𶯣Ŀ⼯еϣ֪Ҫʲô
˿̵һһǣ½ӰϢܿͱڶǿ߱档
ܿ˷֣ߵķǺķò˴㵣Ǻܿ׹Ҫʲô
ҪǺ𣿡

ǰǺ¶һӰȴǰ㿴ɫȻǧ̬ȫϹƣһһŮӣЦôˣ
ҪǺһˣȻšЦ
վ֮䣬һһߣ㶼ЩĻ𵴣ŮȻȻǲ޳ȣźۣęأ˵Ŀ鲻Խı
žĵյ˹ȥ
û㣬
պ촽ȣŮͻȻЦǵ˵ֻҪʵ㣬Ϳ붴ˡǲҸһ
仰̲סż糺죬վû˵
ˣ̲סʼã֪Ůƭӣ
ռίģ̲סһЦ˳һЦΪ֮ǣҪҪҰ仰ߵۼ
һ仰ͶѾҶ˼һȺ˹ˣ֪ЩǻҪؿշܾá
뵽ؿշ㵹̲סգհ͹£žջе㣬ЩԳ
Ż棬Ҳżֻң
룡ᶨĵ죬Ȼ㶼ˣҾͳȫòá
˵꣬յ֣һѰУյĺ촽ֱҧ˹ȥ

Ҫᣬ˫סղȥ
ɣŮĻġյĻ˫۾衣Ů˵ģǾ֮ġ˲
Ů˻κһ˶̰û⡣ʹ˿̵ᶨǲ
㲻뵽ͬһ槼ȻǺεȵջ
Ӵգܸо㣬Ļڡ뵱槼ȻһҲżȻ
ڱ
ձ㻳ܻݵ̬㶼Լû뵽ռ֮У˶ס鲻Խûյ֮С
ůֵãоʮֵļմδַ̲ܵס˼£ԭ΢ҲͣŤĥɰ㣬һָо
յƣǰ׻ļ¶ڿУϵӵյڴһͷ㷢ͬˮһһ
ԭΪ·ȴЩȲûй£ֱӾյĿӣ¾źɫĴ£ϪôķʣѾЩʪķ⡣
γܵˣͻȺˡ
Щֳӵȴδ׵ĳ͸оδӴĴӲĶһ£Ȼ˿
հһû뵽ȻЩţҪֹȴȻһǰİＷ˽ȥŵķǣ̲סһ
뵽ôֱӣĻţһѵʹһǰδе㣬ͷƤ顣
㻺ƶսץ㡣
ձײ̲סϽгҪѹסżµĻ䡣
պ٣ʱʱץ㣬˿£̵պһ㣬ʮ㣬㲻ɢŨܸоܼĻ
Ť棬ǺܿͽӲһ֮ϵƶˣץ㣬µĺۼ
Ҫҹˣ

ձ§ţ̲ס͵͵Ŀһ۸źף̲סݺݵһԼ˵ˣǶԷͣİ͵˵ڶƶˡ
㿴˿գ΢΢˶ŷӦ
ɣŮܼĻ档Ļϵζ˻աŮ˵ĳԶȱǿ͡
槼ĺᣬľɫ㿴ǰľˣѹֵ糯ˡҪԼҲ糯ˣ
ʲôʱȢ˵
ͻһ仰һ㶡
㶴ˣѵ㻹Ȣ𣿡ҧݡ
ЦãԭΪҪöԸһЩû뵽ȻҲˣ˿ɣŮ˻ȥ֮Ҷ˼վͬһӪ
ͻȻԼܿɱմͬմ˶ƷһԷҪԼ䶾ⲻҪ
ãȥһܷŹƣԲվͬһӪҪȻûа취ٹȥ
ռת۾ϱµ˵Ȣ
˵仰ʱַһ·˿̬ԣĻٴڵŮȻջ
ȥҪհ£ƺƵģ˺ѿռ䣬ӿռ֮м棬ܿ㣬֪һԼôȥ


1248 ٳʥ壿
ǲǺ壬ǺٴУȴû˸ҵס˵Ĳһ·ߵǺʥأ
Ǻ嵱磬˶Կ󣬺ƵֲǴ˿ȴżѶǺȥûԸΪǺ㣬ֲ̫ͬʱҲһӣ˭ҪǱһé˭ܵס
ԵǺ壬˿ȴѶԶԶ
ЩǺΪǱĵӣȻҲͳǺڡЩ㲻ȤͳȥΣѵܷ첻ɡ
ǰݷãʥ߲һ𣿡㵭Ȼ˵ȴĪѹ
һ仰˵Ǻʥأ߳һߣ߳ǰδ̫ˣɱͨʥߣȻŹ壡
ЦһֱãǵĿвǱӾǱħͷҲںһҪôҼסġرǷ۵վҪģ
Ǻʥɫȴ˵ĻҪ屻һԸ㣬㡣ҲܵһǿϾĹϵҪԶʤǡ
ΣǺʥ߲òͷֲ̫һéɱĴͨһһ˵ϢȻ֪սܶԿģ
Ҫ˻ڣֵܵǴ֮ͨЩ˹ǵ㣬͸嶼룬Ķ֡
οܶõǿ̫ˣߵľβգؿգǾǿߡʰǺ壬ڻ¡
Σ㵭˵ʥߴӦ۵ʥ֮Ҫ㽻
仰Ǻʥɫѿ㡣˵һžΪʥҪȻôӡԶŻڡɶԷȴھҪȡĶ
Σ𣿲ֻбȡˣ㿴Ǻ˵Ȼ鷳һЩǱ۲⣡
͵вǺе˶ɫҰף֪սǡ֪ζסĹģҪǳֵĻضȫ
Ǻʥߺγ֪ǰӺܿһҪǲӦǲܴڵġ
ǺʥȻ飬ɶ廹żְ֮ġܿǵʧᡣҪǣ㲻ʥ֮ԷҲֶȡûа취ܾ
ΣϢʱ䣡ҪϢ֮󣬱ۼʥֻ֣֮ܳ㿴Ǻʥ˵
Ǻʥǰ㻹δ֮оͼʥ֮ʥ֮Ϲ⣬Ϲǰ㣡
ǺʥôϣЦЦߵ˵ʶʱΪܣʥһ
ߣǺʥߺһɫһԲ
ԶעߵĴͨߣһ̲ס̾Ϣֵܵˣһ仰Ƶһ޵ʥ߰ҪĶ⵱Ҳֻѡ
õʥ֮¿뿪˰ɣǺʥ߶㣬ҧгݡ
Ц˵ֻһѣкܶû
»ΣǺʥ߱ŭȻòͷɱϾ߸ϣ˱
ʥ߼ȻǰΧۣܵøһЩۣЦ˵ѵ㲻𣿡
ѾɱˣǺʥĶ㡣
о仰˵ծӳΧɱɲ˾ĨһУ
һ仰Ǻʥɫ˱䣬Ŀ˵ǸΪΣ
Ҫ˫ۣԶ˫ۣתߡҪȻ۵Գ֣㿴Ǻʥ˵
㣡̫Ǻʥŭŭ㡣˫ۣҪϵΪʥߵȻڳΪˣȴҲɲ˴ͨʥһϯϣҲܳ
ԭº͵۾Ҳ˺⣺۸ΣǱۣ۾Ҫ
˿̵ײб¶ţĶǺʥߣԲӦֻ彫һˣʹЩߵˣ۶ڳ֮ءԣܲ
һ仰ǺɫҰףһЩ˸ܵǿɱ⣬̲ס
ǺʥĶ㣬ۺͶԷӣдӣĿŶԷ
һĻòعۿĴ̲ͨסʧҪ׵ĻٵǺ塣ǺʥԶ˫ۣǺ廹ʲô
ðź⣬Ĺ˼ٴ˼֣һֱһħֻҪлԷԻ֡
ûʱ㣬ӦӦܵҪش𱾵ۡ㿴Ǻʥ˵
Ǻʥ߼ɫżζеŭҪڳ
ջ᲻úģ
ǺʥߺУ˫ͻȻжѿѪҺȾ棬ĿġֱֱֱĵڵϡǺʥϢңɫҰסǺ˿޺۾Ѫ죬Ǻʥ߱С
㿴һ˫ֱֱۣۻ裬İֱ۸˺ѵķ顣ûٿԷһۣת뿪
ϣǺܿһЩһϱۣҪľȣ
Ļ˵꣬ʧ˵С
ߺ󣬼ͨǿ֣ǺϿգһ޵ǿߴ˿ѪأΪзϵǺʥߣǶĬˡǲòϣİԵͿֲ
ʥǿֲ
ʥȻǿʵͬǷΪºͣʱȴͰԵҪԷ塣
ܶеĵһˣȴǿֲǲ룬ҪǵʥҲ˺ͰԵǻʥ壬ɱʥ
㶵ĿŵɺѪҺһðź⡣
ɣһƣֻܿᴫ½ٴαǣܲһУƵһʥԶ˫ۣһֺİԵ⴫ȥǸҶֵ˸ûˡ
뵽⣬⼸̲ͨסüȥҪָʥٹ⣬干ˡʱ򣬻ǵ֮
ʥ壬ǳĴ
ǲǰһøȰѰ˵һͨ˵
һͨȴ̲סЦ˿̵İˣӦʮҵĴͨʥ嶥ǿʧʥٲ˶١ǣ
仰˳ĬʥΪǿ뿪ԵʣҲʮͨȴơǵʥʮʥߣʥ塣
ǣΪɱʥ壬ʥǿͬھɱ˲١ĲǶʮѡ
ȻԿƣԸʥһԸȴϼѡҪǶԷʥһͬھǲ֤ܻ¼
˿̣վȲϹŰ


1249 ʥԵ
Ǻ屻ϵˣûֱӻذ󣬶Ǵǰ塣㵽岢ûг֣;վ֮⡣
ɾûг֣ȴԹ˿̿Ȼ˼㶼Ľڣͳɱ˼ͷƷǡ
յľٶȻŭǣҪաȴվյͷ׼ֵĶֹ
޷һéʹλͨҲܵסǾһé
δ֣ɾվλǸо޴ѹϵһƣһѹֵϢ塣
ֲǲҳֻ֣֣ƷǡЦߵߣĿżƵĿǡ
ҧݣĹâվûжճ֡
Ƕһ㶨Ȼ֡ʱĴ򶷣ͲֻͷƷôˡ
߰ɣɨһۣŵõйЩҫգȻ뿪·һжûзƵġ
ȥ磡Ҫɱˣȴҡ
մ壬εϢܿٴϯءһԽһƣÿһнǿߵĶУЩ֮ˣʼ֡
һʱû˸ҴķâǺ屻ϣͱһվĲҳ֡
ʱ㣬Ѿʥ嵱ˡ
εҲ˲²⣬˸ߵϧһһͨƣΪʲôҪƣΪһ˵ûбҪơ
ȴһܶףҪؽʥ壬Ҫָʥٹ
˵Ժ֣ܿǾ;ֿԼҪȻΪôڹеʥܣµߣһһ塣
˵ûʲôáֻӰӰѡ
ؽʥ壡
ĭ𺳲ʥǺεȵĸ߲ʣ干ʥ˵κһ仰嶼ʥͣ˸Υ
һֺεȵķ緶˵ʥƿش½˵ʲôʲô˸ҲӦġ
Ҫǵʥʧ̫ľǿߣʥͳ½ѾҪʥıϢʥ塣
Ǵ˿Ȼָʥյٹ⣬һֺεȵҰġûܱƽʹǰ֮ˣ²뷨ʱҲ̲סĭΪܵĽ𺳡
̲֮סѪҪܴǳΪµʥ塣һֺεȵ󣬽ĤݵĴڡκһ˾ηĿš
һջЩԵʥҪܳΪʥһԱ׷
ǰ˷޲ϾҪΪʥ塣
ΪҪԿ󣬸忪ʼϵ߽ʹЩг϶Ĺ壬Ҳ˳϶ߵ
Ȼ°󣬳Ϊʥ塣κһ嶼޷κε˰Ψܿⰵ󡣸谵ѹ
ʱȻȲϹţҲжʮλʥߡʮλʥߵѹ󻹲ӡ

ߴ½֮һ֮¶һڻص˰
ԤϵҲЦãֻЩŮ˽ˡҵ˺ϣͺдų
û֪Ϻʲôֻڳ֮ĵڶ졣Ͼ뿪˰ͬʱһȺˡûйãͻȻĻԪ֡
ϵıȫİڰ
ͺΰŵҲеµԴ˰ܲԭʮֳİʥأ鶴
в۳󣬴󲻶ϣΪʥ̥ǣԪŨĿֲͬʱΪԵʣʥ֣ɸۡ
дͨЩ仯кȻǷ֣˿ҪҰӿĴǶûƿ
˴찵󣬿Ҫʥˡ

֮Уٻվǰ浾ˮ;վϴǦĳٻõȫͳŮ֮УΨվͬһ̶ˮ鲻Խܵǣ쳣
ңԭΪҲң㿴ٻЦǰٻ㲢УĿٻ㣬ÿĲʮֵĸɾ
ٻɨһ۲Ż˵ĺֲ֪ǣò˹㣡
ãʹʼ仰һģ
ٻֶΣûΪ仰仯ֻͻȻץٻ͵վסҪץ˵Ҫʲô
ٻ㵱ƣ㵱֪Ȼ˵ţûʲô
ٻĵĿһۣһʯͷϯ΢紵һͷ˿ΪһƵģһ浾ͼ
̤ϣٻߣţܵٻϴȶȡ
ٻ㿿ôҲû˵ʲôĿƽǰͻȻ˵㵱ҪѰʥ壿
һ㶣û뵽ٻͻȻʳһ仰
ٻתϣתֱֱĶ㡣һֱ㶼ûк˵ļƻٻ˲²ҪѰʥ壬Ҳȷ
ٻĿ棬ĬһŻ˵п𣿡
һ仰˵ȷٻѯʡٻҲĬˣȻ֪ʲôҲ֪жѶȡ
˿ûг׵ľۼһΪҲȷҪô¡ٻ㿴㡣Ҫʥ壬ζӲܵģٴʰ
Ȼ֪Щһֱûб¶Լ뷨
Ϲʱڣʥ䣬干ΪΨһĺˣ޷Ǹϣٸǵٹ⡣̾һߵһİʮһλʥ߰˴æûʲôܻرǵģֻһֱܼǵʥ壬ðΪʥ壬ҲǹЩʥߣĤݡ
ٻĬˣҲϰʥ֮ˣȻϣʥ֡ǣѶ̫ˡ
Ҫ²ģٻ˵
ٻĬһͻȻ˵Ѷȣң˿ʥҳɹˣֻҪ˵õʥ֮һжˡԳһµõʥ
仰ҡҡͷٻ˵Ҹ㣬κһ˶ܵõʥΨҲܡŲţ
һ仰ٻȻĶ㣬𶯡


1250 ʥ
޷õʥٻ㿴㣬ҲƽΪˣȻ֪һЩʥϢȻֻ˽һЩƤëҲ֪˵ʥƣϾǻġ˿ȴͼᶨԼòʥ
ٻ˵仰һиݣٻһ㻺˵֪Լòʥ
ûشٻ㣬ǿٻ˵֪ʥ֮ʲô𣿡
ţٻ̲ס㣬ʥ֮Чأʥ֮ǣʥʵǣ·ʥƵġҲΪ⣬ЩͨŷҪʥֻ֮˭Ҳ֪ʥ֮ʲô
ʥ֮Ҳǵʮߵʥ֮ǰʮһֵ嵱Ϊʥ֮ʮһλʥ䡣Ϊ˻ĺˣĵڳʥ֮ǣʥġһʥִ֮
˵⣬˶˵ԣʥ֮ǣʥܸоԼʵã·һ㡣Ⲣ滯ֵ䵽ǵУǲŸоľڷٵ
ٻŻȻѹЧˡٻȡʥ֮ӵ͵ڿӵֵ
ʥ֮ܵõʥ𣿡ٻףڴ֮п϶õ˺ܶĶǱ˲˽ģ
ͷֻпܵõֿܼС껪ǿڶǿΪۣʱʥоǿ߽ʥ֮ҪںʥֻһѶ
˵⣬̲ס̾Ϣǲ²ĲʥȻȴռļ󲿷֣ҪںʥǾǵں˼󲿷ʱٽһڣҲǲܡ
ĪĻͬżķաǺεȴڣɲ⣡ôںϵģ껪Ͳںʥ֮¡ҪΪˣڶĶǿߣҲɱġ̾һʥ̫ǿߣ»˶ȫ
ٻĬĻѾﵽ۷壬ٽһˡȻȻҪʵǵߵľ磬һǱȻġ
ڴ֮УʮһֵͬʱҲõ˺ܶʥϢԭĻԵûͬʱʮһֵˣžԵơ
Ҫٽʥ֮пܺʥڣΪŰʮһֵ֧֣̫ˡ
Ҳǵڶʧ֮µĺУûĺʮһٳںʥΪ֮ӣǿһеĹؼֻлѪӳ㵱ʱѪҺ˼һ롣
һУ嶼ƵʮҪǱˣѾɹ˴롣ƫƫ㡣
޵֮֮⡣ȻʮһֵҲ֮ݻġڣԵõʥʥԴ֪ʥעԵˡ
ҲΪ֮⣬ſʮһֵҪȻǾġ
ҲҵĵҲҵĵҲ˵Ǻǻ
ʥܵõ𣿡ٻɻѯ㡣
Ҳһ漣ģ˵ܳҲ˵ҡҡͷѰ
ٻһ˵ͷ˵ûʥ嶼Ҳʱˣ˾͸˵ˡ
ʥ֮ҵҲûˣٻЦ
ҡҡͷʥ֮ĻпǵĵǵĵѾͣ
Ȼһ취ǽʥʥǿиǹֻ̫һСǾͻᱬ˵οʥ£ʵмܵסֻҪδܵסջֻ·һ
ٻͷ˵ʵڷĻ˭ܵջ󣬶δ㣬ֻ
Ӫʮʥ֮ȴδǴʥ⣬ԭʱԸʥ֮ͳȥеĴ̫ͨԣҲŻȡǺʥ֮Ǿʥ֮ȷʵ󡣡ЦⶫҲȷʵ󡣡
ٻƺ֪Ĵ㣬˵˼ʥЩӵʥ֮Ĵͨ
ٻףΪʲôðʥˡԭ㣡
ͷûӵʥ֮ĴͨʮһܽʮһǰѹС̫ࡣʥ壬Ҳǲʵֵġʱ˸飬ɱ˾ǣ
ԭƣٻ˵ѹıȴʲô͸¶
ҡҡͷʵҲûıҲҵĵġȻʥԱںϣҪںϵĻ԰ġ
Ȼ˵ֿܼСҪһأҲһֱ²˾ĵԭ֮һ
ٻĬҲ֪˵ʲô
ˣ˵ˣЦЦĿ⿴ٻ㣬ץסٻ֣
ٻ˼Ļû뵽ͻȻ֣ץ˫֣ɫ糺죬Ĩһ糺졣
ͻȻ룬᲻Ҳң㿴ٻ˵
ٻɫ̵ոյ浾ʧһɶֲĺ֪㣡
ǣ˻һˣȻ˵
㣡ٻУ޲ҧ㡣
ٺ٣סٻ㣬ûʲô˾ھʯ֮ϣղͬٻĸϵáȴһһ֮䣬ڷɡ
ʵһҪΪʥ壡ٻͻȻ˵
ЩվҪģҲһ죬Щ˻ǻһֶԸǡһ룬ǾҪҲʲôˡ
ٻû˵ʲô֪½˿ΪƽǶʥվǻֵġ
һսⲻˡ
ٻһʱܴﵽͨﵽ֮ͨ󣬾㲻ʥҲˡ
ЦĴͨô״ﵽңνͨ硣Ҫߵͨ͵ͬڿһֵ֮⣬Ѿ㴫ͳĴͨˡ
Ҫܴﵽ־磬ȷʵЩˡΪʱоԵѹƴͨɿһֵѴﵽҪ֮߳⣬㶼֪ܲ߳
ߵһ֪Ҫ̤һ֮ѡõʮһλʬİδ̤ҪԼ͸ˡҪǣ˿һͷûץ
Ѿҵļˣһٻ㻺˵
ٻ֪ͱڲͬĻشҲûʲô⣺ûϵʹԶ߲һĵһˣ˿ɳԽ


1251 Ϲ
ǲҪʥ壿Щ죬ĹˣһЩ߲㣬ϵ⣬Ͱ˵һЩ壬ͬѯ仰
˿һŮվǰŷͨûԳ㣬ʥŮָʹѯ㡣
ǰ뵽һμʱһոճŮ˿ȴѾˣվܾ쳣֮䣬ŷ֡
˭˵ģЦſֱֱߣԱߡ
ϯߣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥÿߵϼ͸ƬգѤ
ʥ㣬õʱͻȻֲϾǴ£Сӡǰӣͬû뵽ǸЩɫе㻵ӻΪƬµĵһˡ
㵭ȻϢһĸом㺵ģ㺴ӵڲԭϾԭΪôȥˣû뵽㷴ŨһЩ
еĴɫЩ糺죬ܺõȥĿȻĶ㣬ȴĻش
˭˵Ҫ齨ʥˣ㿴ǰŮӣ쳣鶯л
嶼²⣡ѵ𣿡˵Ҫ˵ʵҪ˵Ļҡ
תżֽ
ŮЦЦҲǲǣҲû¾ģԲûشǵ⡣
ţɻ㡣
Ϊʥ壬ʱѹ̫󡣶ԷŶʮʥߡҪΧǣһ鷳顣õİ취һ롣ɲΪʥ塣ش
һʥߣɴ۾û뵽Ȼ뷨ǣô
֪ǲţҲشǣЦҲҪģûоõİ֮ǰҲԳʥġŷ岻Ϊ񾭡Ҫ浽һ죬϶ͨġ
仰ͷõѾ㹻ˣ֪ʵðΪʥġ
ʥ˵ˣǷʥĪԨԴξվߡϹʱڣƴ޷ܰʥ塣˿̣ȴԸͰ󹲽ˡ
ллʥߣ˵һδʥߣԵĻһ˰󣬹ʥ飬֪һܸ֮
˵綼²֪ʥܡֻȷ˿˵֤ʵĲ²ˡ
ĵͷ׼뿪ȴͻȻס
ȵ͵ı٣򾲵Ŀ˵𣿡
㿴ǰŮӣһ˴ԼʮĶԭҪȥŷģ㹲ͬߺ׳Ĳԭһֱûʱ䣡
ⰵʾζԵĻ͵漴չһЦûϵԺʱģ
ҡҡͷЩ죡ҽȥʥҪܰȫĻǰʥ壬ʱ򽫻
¾ˣʥҪԵġһֱȥô˵ǿƣʲô⣬󲻻¡˿ܵõʥ̫Сˡ
ȥûʥĵҪ߳زҪһؿԼĵңֻҪ߳һأ㲻þʥ˵õʥҲܿһ
лһδգ̫ˡãײ߳һҪʥ¿ܲٴɱ䡣
ȴһҪȥʥʥ߿϶ҲȥʱۼʥߣЩʥ˭õʥĻ£ΪһҲܾԱ֤ȫ
Ҫ𣿡˵
һ·ضҪߵġЦЦ˵ûϵõң룬ܰȫһһ죬գ
ԵĻɫ糺죬Ҳ֪㲻κγŵҲżֲȷġ
ݺݵĵͷһᰲȫģ
˵֮һǣ糺졣һ뿪ߡ
統һЦЦĿ뿪ߣ漴һ
ǰ뿪զ಻ѣЩŮӣһˡҶ˼վͲ˵ˣŷʿ̾ȻҲϵ˼޸
̾ҪǻֵزҲֵˡ
ʲôԸе
ȥ֪ͨһ£ðԼվڰӵʥ֮˶һˡ˵
仰۾֪ƻˡ̲ס˵һ𣿡
ҡҡͷѾǺܾˣôӱܣҪԵġˣȥԸɡϣǶ
ǣ˾ģҲ˵ʲô
ϻ𣿡˵
һֱδ˵Ҳɻ󡣵ͺҴ죬ϵڶ뿪ֱڶûҲ֪ȥʲôˡ
ţͷȥš

ҪʲôϢܿʹʲôϢΪϢ½ٴ
ϾȻʥ˵۵֣Ͻˣѩʥ֣߳ΧԷ󱻵۵ǹһǹᴩɱ
½Ϊʥߣһ
ͨ𺳺;Ǻ۵͵֡˭֪ʦǵ͵İӵߣʥĳߡ͵۵һʲô˼
ѵ۵ͽҲ˰ˣ
뵽⣬ԾҪ˵ĻǰǿֵزȲȥ˵۵ȴСӡȻѹס˷ͷ˭֪۵ʥˣϹŵһˡȥ㣬˭ܺ棿
һˣҲվǱߡӲıһʥߵ䣬Щʥ߾ȫԿʤҲ˼֡
۵ô֣ľΪֲ֮ѡ
ͬ𺳣û뵽Ϊжд̵ĵ۵ͽ˾Ȼͺϳ֣һɱʥߡ
ɱһλʥ֮󣬵۵ͽͺһʥ߶ȥֻλʥߵõϢȻԼĹ壬ֱӴܣӵһ
һȺڣԼ忪ʼʥҲҵ֣Ƕ౧š
£Ϻ͵۵Ҳûа취֮ɱһ̫ͨ⣬ǶԷˣɱͼˣ
֮µĺϣҲûٴ½ߣڴ֮Уص˰֮СֻǣȴЩź˴γȥֱɱһλ֮ͨǰԤԶԭƣɱң


1252 
ͺ飬úϵ۵ԼȥΧɱʥߡԭǣһ뿪󲻻ᱻ̫עϱϾȲߵﶼĿ
ԼڰĿ⣬͸ᱻעˡŵ۵ͽ֮Χɱʥ߳ɹҲ߲١
ԭΪʥ߲Żᱻ֣û뵽ɱ˵һϢʹȥˡԷӪĴʧܣɱһѾϼջˡ
ڵ۵ͽΪʲôΪǿ
ͺöԸúϴͣ˵ֻҪܰԼԲƽϵΪе顣ͱһé˵ô˵ȻӦ
ڵ۵ֻú˵һ仰ͽᵲʥ֮⣬ԲӴʥ
һ仰õ۵ò㡣۵һҪԽ㣬ʥΨһϣҪҪпӴʥܳԽ㡣
ܺˣɱһͨ
һδƽһ
ںϻص֮󣬰ʥ߾Ȼȫۼŷ壬ʿᣬǬڵʥ߶ѪǣۼԼβʥһȺ˾ۼһ
ⶼǰĸ߲㣬ǿǻһβǣ˵񾭡
ŷ壬ʿǬʥڰĴ죬û¶ͷû֪ʲô
ҲΪ½ӵĲƽ
Щ˾ۼдκһӰ½ĸ֣ò˼
ܶ˿ʼ²⣬ҪʼʥˡҪ干
ͬ˲²⣬Ҫʥˡ

²⽥𣬿ÿһֲ²ⶼʥ߶ƽġ
֮Щʥ߲ðͷȴû뿪󣬶ڰ֮С
ɻ㵽Ҫʲôʱȴ壬һ
۾λʥ֮뱾Ѯ磬ڱ֮λӵʥ֮ʥǰ̴¡
ǰһ仰ֱӣĽƨǺһ仰ȴǲƽӵʥ֮ʥǰȥۣ֮Ҫʲôһ
ô½ʥ𶯡Щԭż϶ʥߣʱҲһ
ӵʥ֮ʥžŸŸ˾ۼһ𣺡λǶô
ʥ˵üͷţҲ㵽ʲô˼
ޱȣСӡǲģ˵һ򾡡
ߣǿǿǿҲ١ҪǾһ򾡣δ̫߿ˡ
߿ûһé֮Ҫ԰ͨǿסǣȻһ˭ܱ֤ܱɱ
һ仰˳ĬȷʵһΣաһéֲ˭ܱ֤ܵס
οҪĻΪʲôֻǣЩûʥ֮ʥߡ
˵еҲǴʥ⣬ֻǡ
ô˵㲻ǾõģпҪʥ塣ǳ
˲òֿܣҪðΪʥ壬ֻҪܱƵͬ⣬Ǿͳɹ˴롣
ǲȥ
˵ĵɣȥĻ˻ôǣֻᵱ㣬ȻδӦ㣬ҪԼΪʥģӦ
ǵҪôȥҲУȥҲУѵе·ߣһ𱬵ʥߺ
ֻǾˣɲǲܴȥʥߣʥ߶ȥδɣ
ԣǿʥͬȥֻҪʥΪӣ˵һʥ£ǲ
˵еֻҪǰʥʮҪҲܡ
һȺ˲סͷȴüͷô˵˲򵥣δز뵽㡣ǻҪͼźüƻ
һۻᶼȥǶʥߵ棡۵ʱһȴȻıһ仰Щ͵Ŀһֻﻺ߳Ӱǵ۵ͽ˭
ǣһȺ⣬ɱʥվڰһߣǲòСӦԡ
ýţʥǰġֻǺһ׶ѡ۵˵
˹ŹֵĿˣͲŰѺĽ˵˳Ĭаһ۵վǱߣһϲ¡
Ϊʥˣһ֮ͨ¡ʥҲΪ²ʡǵͷЦ²֪кʱ
ߣ۵һҪʥ֪ǵĴ㡣ǲ֪㵽ҪʲôҾ͸ǣ뿪ʥ
ʲôҪʥ𶯣а취
ֻа취ʥҲУ۵õʥȫУȻʥ˽û࣬Ҳ١ټЩˣͲ²Ĵ˴ηͼڡ
ʥҪжʮߵʥ֮ȫںϲܿʥ֮󣬲ܳںʥ۵˵Ǵʥ⡣
˵⣬۵ɫЩÿղֵ֪ҪںʥĻǶơԣټǣΪľǿʥںϡ
仰˳ĬʶֵǣȻ֪۵˵ȷʵƣʥ֮ˡ
ȻˣΪҪ
仰۵ЦΪʥߣѵΪˣûǾžԵǾͲһںʥֻҪ㲻ںʥǾǵĻˡ
۾һ⵹һ취㲻ôƵģ
ʥ嶼ƣѵ˿̻һ𣿡۵˵ǵõʥ򲻹ʥѡ˵ҪǳɵĻ֮ʲô
һ仰ЩĿǻڣϧӡԼܴԭΪʥɴ˿лõѵҪ
ǲõģʥǹˣҪʲôʥᵲǰ棡۵˵ôǵĻᣬһܴ
Ȼô˵ˣҵȻ˵ʲôǾһȺվסʥջҧͷ
ŵ۵ס㣬ǵķҲС˲١ϣʥߵĲ룬ѹһǲܷʲô
۵˵ȴںʥĿܣʥǻлõġ
۵ޱ飬˭Ҳ۵ʲô
۵ûаЩ˵֣ΨһĶ㡣۵ľǳԽ㣬ʵȴòЩ˵ʵС
ˣѮ֮ۼ
ڶʥߴӦϢ½ơһȻô½ʥ߶ۼȫʥˣǴ½ס


1253 ʥ
ۣ֮
˿̾ۼڶʥߣӵʥ֮ʥ߶лźΰʹˡȻδͨΪӵʥ֮Ҳʸμ۷ۻᡣ
вʥ߿źΰʹ¶֮ɫֻվ̰ʹĸѹ
ʥ߾ۼһˣ㵱ʲõλû˸˵ʲôλǸӰжη쳣
˶˰ɣ̧ͷ˵
һ仰ƽЩ˵͵ĽӲ֮ɳ
ΰʹһۣ̲סզࡣһ仰Щ˾˽ţɼжη嵽˺ֵز
Ѿˣ۵һ࣬ΨһηˡֻǣߵҶ˼ЩӡŮΨһһĵŮˣƫƫȴᵶᰮˡ
ɨ˵۵һۣޱ飬ֱһξۼǰֻһ飬Ǿǳ׿ʥ
һ仰һƬȻЩ𵴡Ȼ㵽ˣ˵ʱƽÿһ˶ΪϢ顣
ҪûʲôĻһȥʥһȺֱ˵
۵վʥûʲô飡
Ҷ˼Ҳվ󣺡ǼȻҲûʲô飡
Ŀ⿴ʥߣЩʥ߼۵˶̬ˣȻ᲻Ӧ˵ͷǴӦ顣
ȻҶӦǾǰʥɣУȷֱ֮ӶһȺ˵
һȺЩӦԭΪᱻơ뵽ܹҲ˵˲ʮ仰
Щʥ˶ԷеĲ졣ֻʱվ뿪ˡ
ΰʹЩЦá㷢ۼڱ֮۵ԭǺ㵱ʱ˵ԭҪʥۼˡֻΪŻŻЩʥߣԷڱ֮ۡ
Ҷ˼ľٶҲΣ붼ǵһˣˣСӡЩ˵̬ȻǱŵˡ
Ҷ˼ҡҡͷһǰʥ
ʥ߰۵ڣû뵽۷ľۻˣ
Щ̲ס̰Щÿһ˶ʾ֭ڱ֮ƣ뵽Էȫʰ¹Щǵĵǰˡ
쵰һʥ̲סĵ״㽥ԶӰֻܸȥ
ⳡۻ˵Ŀ⣬ܶǿߵĿⶼͶ˱֮ϣ˭Ҳû뵽ۻȻһӶûм־ɢˣ˵
Щ˺ܿͷ֣Щʥ߶̤ʥȥ

һٶȼ죬ܿ͵ʥʥɢŹɹ𵴲Ϣһϵ𵴶͸֮䣬˸оõ
ǰĴһʥ߶ĬεȿֲҪʥͱƿЩ˺ҲƲľ
˵Ŀⲻɿ㣬㵱֮ܽУа취
ǰĴҲ̲סһѾУҪƿǲѡֻԿʥ
ʥǾ޻ͷ֮·ΪʥȻѪȷ硣
㿴ߵˣоŷʿǬʥߣкΰ죬Ҷ˼ٻŮԼͺʮˣʮʥ֮
۵ĵʥ֮ʥʮһʥ֮
Ҫʥܼ򵥣ʮߵʥ֮֮Ľ뵽ʥ֮УʥῪЩ˵ѸλǣλҪʲôС˼ʥ֮ûȫںϣǲܿʥġ
Ļһ˵ͷȻ˾ģȻ¡οЩ춼Ķʥ֮ʥ֮մȾǵϢֻҪںϿʥ֮Щʥ֮ǻܵϢǣС
ֻҪǿᣬǵʥ֮ǰȫġ
㣬öԲˡҪǳ֣˻һֵ
ûЩ˵˼Ҷ˼ͺΰһȺ˵ǵϣǼǵá
ľɫصĵͷ֪ҪǶܲסջʲôۣĴۡ
ȻҶˣǾͰʥ֮óɡһȺ˵
óʥ֮ȡǺһһӵ֮λͨġλͨʥ֮ǾԱסģΣաֻ͵ʥУܱ֤
һ˵ͷеʥ֮ռȥʥ֮ڣںһϢӿֳ
ʥ֮֮󣬵۵ʥ֮Ҳĵʥ֮ʥ֮һһâϵϹأ֮С
һˣҲʥ֮ϵļʥ֮ԽԽ࣬ĵϢԽԽŨ񣬵۽Ϣϵӿ֮䣬ϡ
һɹɵϵı仯ͬתһ㣬֮гһδ󡣻򻢣ߣ룬󡭡ȵȶϵ֣ǵɵġ
ʥ߼״һۣҲеʥ֮˳ȥ
һʥ֮ںϣʥ֮ɫƬĻһʥ֮۶ɵշ裬ھ죬Ʋ֮Уɾ飬ޣͨԡ
һжûеһжҵӦϽڣӿֳһɹ
Ϲӿ̿һʺ磬ʥҪƵġ

㶵Ŀɫʺ̿ͨ뵽ǰӵĴ˵ӽټأ
ϹչָҲƽʥ֮ڻû
ֻû֮䣬Ȼı䶯ܵʥ֮ǣδֵʥȻĺУ޺أĴӴֳ֮
ʥĪƣ֮һ̺޾ĵͨϡ
ʥ˽ٲ֡ʥִǲ˵ܿʥˣ
ҲȻ֪ǺεȵĴڣһֱֱĿʥ֮ںϡ
ʥ֮ںϵСʥʥ·ӵʶһ˫ââھ޴Ĵ֮У˲ӿһж˺ѵķ顣
䶯ԭ˺ȻĴʱȻʼ˲˼עУЩɴĵۣĽ뵽ʥڡ
ɴ޾ĵۣϵķ׭鲼塣֮䣬ûһ
ûĵԽԽֲʥ֮ӿϹҲԽԽʢӿﶼ𶯡֮䣬־ʹʥ£ɫҰס


1254 ֮ս
޾ĵ۲ϵ뵽ʥ֮Уʥâɣӿ֮䣬ʧɫֻʥĴڡʥǳɹϢɹϢ͸֮䣬޷ƥеƣ͸ÿһ
ûΪ޴ƶܵӰ죬˺ʥϵĽڡ
䡭䡭
֮䣬ϣһâϵ𶯶֮УϹ׵粻ϵı䣬䶯֮䣬ݻһС
ɫ׵磡˶ֱֱĶϢ׵磬𺳲ɫ׵Ȼųǽһɫ׵£ȴоԼͬӤһСͬʱǸоϹ׵磬ƿһУܴݻһжܱ׾ٵĴݻ١
𺳵ͬʱҲ̲ס㡣Ҳɫ׵硣ֻɫ׵ǰ񱩵׵вͬ׵ѰҲصĻ𣬶ǰȴĴһ췣·һжҪ־֮¡
ƶֲͬ
ʥ𵴲Ϣÿ֮䣬ҡε𶯡ʥ߶㶵ĿһĻΨ㣬֮䣬ʥƮȥһǣ·ҪʥںƵġ
һĻЩʥɫ䣺Ȼƣ۵һԲõʥ
Щʥ߼˭Ը⿴õʥҪǵõʥĻ޿ܷΨ㣬ǲһ
ȻĶ֣һϵıʥߵˣϵ𶯶ﶼ˺ѵķ顣

ȴЦĺã
˵֮꣬ѧʥûûûˣû룬ԼʥޣֱЩǿ߶ȥ
һϵıֵЩߡ
㲻һ֮սˣֻ֮ݻѣϵɱûʥȫֵЩ˵Ĺ
෴ЩȻס㣬ȴʥ֮ϡԣǲûгȫܵס㣬Զֳһʥ֮ϣҪûõʥ
Ҷ˼ͺϼ㱻ڶʥߵסüͷҪæǡ뵽˵ʥԵֻܷǰȥ㡣
ֻڻûЩ̲סüͷʲôѧʥ𣿿ûȻ֣ȴȴټ鶯ԶԶȲʥûġ
䡭䡭
֮û򡣿ȴԶԶģҪߵľ硣Ψпһпܡ
ʥݻҲպ«ưѧʥûȻȴû⡣㣬˿֡Ͼһͨѡ
ûΪ趯һɹû
ӰҲʥɫ֮ϣɫ֮״ŰԵϵ𶯣صʹӴ˿̵̲סоԾ
ףסɿʥ֮еף㻹̲ס˷
䡭
һξ֮У󳹵׵ıѣеĵ۶뵽ʥ֮Уʥž춯صľ֮½˲䱻һϢ֣׵ضƿУеĹѭ׵Ϣ
Ϣ˰Щʥ߶оԼϡһ޿ƣǰʥ߶оūһ
ʥ߳׵ķˡʥҪܵõĻǽΪһеˣһеǵԸ¡
ʥΪѴԵʣֱֱصףص׸ᣬ֪˶ʥȴڷɣɢױȵĵִۣһ㡣ÿһִǴɣ׾ٵĴһʥߡ
ĭа۵ϣǳȵĶڷɵҲ³һ顣Ǹոյʥ֮ʮһʥ֮˲䱬ѿЩʥߣ
ոӵʥ֮ߣ͵ıϢȻʥ֮ץ˹ȥǷ֣֮ǰӵǴϢʥ֮ȻǵϢ
ɫ䣬Ҳ˲㣬Ȼһʥ֮ȥ
ԭûʥ֮ʥߣ˿Ҳϲ쳣ȻҪʥ֮
ϺҶ˼ҲȻʥ֮ץ˹ȥץסһʥ֮ͬһɨ𵴣ʮֵ𵴶ɨʥ֮
ΰʹûУֱһӣһС
סʥ֮Уʥǿй֮ͨԲ̰ﵽ֮ͨ󣬶Ͼʥ֮ϵ㴫˵
ʥ֮³׷ˣڶʥ߸Աʥ֮һֲϵıر򴩣ЩʥΪʥ֮ıУޱȣÿһжöԷءʹˣ˿̶๥
һ־Ĳңһȶ򴩣ȱĨΪƽء
ǣֲĹûмֶãʮߵʥ֮йޣͬʱʥȻĺһһУûʥ֮߶ʱѪѪҺɳȥֱӱʥɳȥ
µĶʮˣȥⷽʮ˶õʥ֮⣬۵ĵ֮ࡣˣͽһȺˣž֮ࡣ
ʥȥʥ߲ңӿҪٴʥֲܿģٴκһֱӱɣ޷ӽһ
õʥ֮һˣ԰ʥ֮֮УʱǸоһǿޱȵϢǹǸоԼʵͬһ

ʵıǣǺεȵջһʥ̲סЦ˷û˵סջǷ̰ʥͶĵ
һֳԽǸоضǵƿ֮У֮ǰȣ˿̵Ǿͬ飬֮ǰӤ
۵Ҳڷţʥ֮Լ壬ʥӿ뵽УǿԸӵĵز
۵ҷ裬ϰԾصӿֱ
㣡㲻Գɵһ𣿱ʥվʰ㣬˭ǵһˡ
ʥɲϵӿ뵽۵УϢһȭȴžɱһȭ£㵹ɳȥ
һɿֲϣѪ
һ岻ʥ߾䣬ȻĿŵ۵
۵ҪеŭȫȥƵģһȭٴɨ춯أ䣬ƥС
ɫ˱䣬漴ͺ㲻ɣ
УԾĵ趯ֱ۵ȥɫĴڣٴײһҪֳ˭ĵһ


1255 һ
㣬ǻΣһҪ۵УʥϵĹ壬޵أֻʣһˣıһ
Ѥĵ۲ϣִͬӿ䡣һֲֿ𵴶֮趯ض𶯣ƺѹ
㶢ŶԷк׶Էıʡһʥ֮ĵʥ֮ʵһԸӵĵز
õһ崫УҲһ塣Ҳ֪ʥһλѡˡЦ˶ԷһɫĶŶԷ
ʥΪ̫࣬ǵŭ޷ƴֻԼĴУֹֽ޷ΪԼѡˡʥצͼƭʥĽֹõС۵˵վҲһˣŲߣ
ŻȻԵ趯ǣ֮֮䣬һ޴Ĺâҫâӿֳ½֧飬ϵֵ۵
䡭
߽һѤĹâֲˣǬŤ۵ͬʱ
۵кȻû뵽ǿֵزʵǣȻֻǺͶԷƽֶѣ֮ǰԷԼǿ϶١
۵Уʥ֮ǣʥʥĹâ䵽ڣӿſֲĵۣŮӿ֮䣬ɴĵˣݺݵ˹ȥ
˫ͫźȻĵˣֱ趯Կֲɨӭ˶ԷĹƣԽһͨ׺ŤۿʥߺһȻ
ƣ
һУһԨļ󹥻ֱİһ˺ѳ롣
۵û˶ɫǰԾĹϵĳ
˶ž֮ϵޱȣľʷǿľǵΧսҲļң
˶žϡǣ˭Ҳκβ˵˭˶൱
˭ֻ֪ʱġ۵ڲϴʥڷıǣȴһֱ֮ǰľ磬սĹ۵
һ˵λãҪˣ
ʥ߿Ѫڣȥʥûʥ֮ǣ޷ȥ
Ԥϵ۵ʥ֮һԸӵĵز㣬ȴǸոյ
۵׺ݵʽ϶Ըط趯ɫ·۵ʵһ
ԸطݻһУ֮֮ݻݻ£ܵʱҲʼı
ڶʥզ࣬Ƕֲ֪ܸıʱţǷ˼ġ
ΣѵҾû۵УԾ֮Ե趯֮ʩչϵĳ𵴵ܵʱռ䶼ѣͬһϵӿ
ز޴ķ籩֮дžĵۣͬٲһ£½ܸоֲĵһһֱ͵۵ս൱㣬ڱɳȥһѪҺ³
һĻڶʥԤϵģ𾪡Ϊֵܼ˿̶Ȼ˵жǿ۵ʵֹһʵ£ռݵϷ硣
㣡վǱʥĶѣ۵УɱӿֻɨҪҪɱ
ӰһȻܿ󲿷ֹನϣǺѪһѪҺٴ³
ͫ͵۵˿ѾǿĹˣһֹ£Ȼ·磬սȥԼҪԴ
ֻǣ۵Ϊʲôôʥ˿ûвʣѵȫʥɣʣȫںϵ۵
뵽⣬ɫ˱䡣ܿ;òܣôǰܳܣܳܵˣ
վҪ۵Уٴκ
һҪأУûк𣿡
ʲôУĹŶǹ㲻ҪǣеĶҶУǰûһơ۵С
һжȴûУ
˵꣬ױֱʥȥ׵ıʱǣʥϹ׵籩ž췣ֱֱĳ£Ҫס
䡭
һϣȻɢһЩǱµ׵磬ȻҲɣɹû뵽С
֮֮ʥ֮ףݣ
Уʥף췣֮ϵ£ֲֶ£ձռѿԿֲٶȣݻһУһʥ߶Ȼµ׵
֮ŭ֮ŭģ
ʥеױȻ֮ŭ
ɱʥߵľ֮ŭ׵췣£˭ܳܵˣ

𺳣û뵽Ȼǣʥ֮Ҫǽ֣ǺͲѡ˿̺׽棬㲻Ǻ棬ҲǺʹ֮ŭ档ܵסģ
۵Ҳƽˣû뵽ô񣬾Ȼֱֶ
˭֪Уʥ׵ĺ£Ծ֮ǵŵ۵Ƕ£Ѹٵϯأ۵
֮ŭʵҲıԭ·㡣ʱȻͶԷս൱
ˣ˭׸ǿ
ֲĽսŵеʥߣһɫȻ֮ŭĺ¾Ȼû䣬ԽսԽ¡
ܵס֮ŭ׵ŭֻҪ֮£ܵס
֪֮ĵɿ㵲סףͬȻšܵסһ֣̺ŭζֵܵġ
һδĹײϵɱһƷƷܿͿʮ䣬һš
ڴͬʱϢڷıҪǣھȻӿһ֮С
䡭
޴ĺ£ȻţŵʮƷڵʮƷʱȫ
ʮʮţһ
ԺУ𶯳һ仰һ仰𶯶˶ЩȻ
һȻһ
ȫˣΪʲôסΪʲôܴ֮߳ĵΪ׾Ȼһֻ
ΪһԲ´췣׵磬һ֮Ҫģλŭ
ǺĴڣ
ݻ֮ԺУ𣬼ʹ
ˣڱ޾ȥͻȻֲĻ֮أƱҪͻͨ뵽һ־硣


1256 ʥʧ֮·
ƿ㣬ʵǵһ޷ĵزž֮
۵վڣ
һϵı۷ٵ޾Ļ֮ѤĵֱۣӴÿһëͬһһ޴
͡
۵뵽תۼʵǵֵزһ֮䣬ֱɳȥѪҺӿ³
ʥҲɫŵĿһĻǺܿ뵽һֿܣﵽ˴ͨ
ǣͨҲԲ

Ϊ˳ԾΪûնɱ۵㣬ͻȻɫ䣬һȻΰ죬ΰеʥ֮С
һĻüΰʹ֮ҲӦѾͨǣɫҰף²ѡ
ʵǾջޱȣҲΪˡ᲻ô״̬ѿڴ˿̣ǷԼһ㣬Ҫ˺ѿΰʹǴãѾﵽˣҪȥ˶Ҫ
ʧȥʥ֮ΰʹʥĿռ£˳ȥ
˿ȴӡ㶯еĻ֮ȻҶ˼һȺС
¶ܺͳ֮ɫҶ˼ˣڴһӿ£ŷӦһɫ䣬ܵջѣżѣеʥ֮˳ȥ
ʧȥʥ֮ǣҲ˿ռ䡣
ں뿪ã˵ɻ֮Уʥռ֮еʥߣһͻȻ
͵Ϊֲ˻һСɼʹˣȴ֮ɫһּ֮У˿ûвԼ塣
ء
£ͻȻըѿ˻Ѫȥͬըž½޴죬ĳ֮㶼ɫ˱䣬Ϊ֮Ȼѡ
ͱѿûӰ쵽ͬһ㣬ϴģһʥߡ
Щʥ߽ڽ֮󣬲ϵıѿڷ
ŴαըͬŴǵıըô½ΪĩյˡΪ޴𺳡
ʥߣȴȻĶųе㡣˿ģﻹ֪ơһðź⣺ԭҪʥһ򾡡
Щʥ߽ŵðź⣬̶ʱ䣬;Ÿʥڷ֮ʥߣ˼һ롣
˿ҪǳΪʥ壬˭ܵס
µʥߺȻʱ򣬵۵ȴЦĺãǲû㹻ʥ֮һʥĪ
۵֮䣬ɨʮʥ֮С۵ûжãֻʮ˵ʥ֮ʥ֮ǰûȥ
֪ƣ۵ЦҲȫңʥ곢ںʥʧܣ֮ΪоֻδԼãͱΧʥõȫɾͣںʥ˱ʥ
ڵ۵ĺ֮У۵Ȼʥ֮Ե֮צͼǹˡ߽ڣ֮ʥڣʥ֮
ʮ˵ʥ֮䵽۵壬צͼһǹУÿһʮ˸󣬶ʮ˸ÿһмһ͵Ʒһ
һʥȻķں϶ȥ
ɫ䣬кȻͬʱʥľҲﵽԸӵĵز
ʥȻںʥ֮ǳ벻ġ㣬ֻ뵽ʥ֮ںϡǣʥȴ뵽취þʥ֮
Ҫ֮ǰ벻ɼ۵ʩչ˲ˡһ˵ʥǽˣֵǲǿʥ֮ȻⲻԼɡҪǰЩΪԼıȫԽƿأʥȻȲԼںʥȴʧΪһӡ
Ȼƿʥ鷳һЩȴվˡ
ʥӵĴߺںʥĿӡ
㣬û뵽ɡﵽͨΣһҪվĶ֣
Ĭ۵˵ûѾԳɹ򡣶ֻոһֵѣǳΡҪȫգԺ档ʱŸոմﵽΣĶ֡
գҪ
۵УԾ֮ǣʥʥУʮʥ֮ǣ޵֮أһ
һɼʼȿʼѿʥΪ˶ţǷӴܣֱྡྷľ
𶯣˸ֻʣµ۵ӿĵۡ½ϵľҲ޴ѷ컯Ԩ˽̤ŵĴ½ҪΪ˶һΪһ㣬е飬壬ڵϣһҶ
Ҷ˼˶ɫ԰׵ĿУƬռ䣬ϵı޸ظϣ˿ͷƤ飬ѾԶԶԽ˴ͨ
һֱɨȥһɫҲ䣬ӰӴܡɾˣ㲻òӭ浲˹ȥ
͡
ֱɳȥ֮Զնҵݣɫ԰ף˶͸Ѫ顣һȻɵش
ʥĹ֮㾡֮ܳ⣬ĵվһΣ޷⡣Ժƣʮϰܺɴ˿ȴܣ
㣡ΣôصֻһǾǱʥʥصף
۵ޱţĿ㣺֮ǰλԻͣȴɣ
ô·ɣ
۵Уۻȥ
Ҷ˼˻ߣҪУܵסһСһУȻܰ㳬֮ΣҪ䣡
ɾڵ۵Ҷ˼˻ߵʱȴչһЦŵ۵Цɲ㣡ȴ㣡
۵ǻѪҺЦݣͻȻŲõԤС
ڴʱȴͻȻӡ׷Ľ
֮ǣ֮Ϣͼѣ
Уĺ֮УצͼѿͼΪצͼľ䣬ԭĴ˲䱬ѿѣܳܵʥûпֱֲӰצͼǹŵѿһѷ졣
ⲻܣ۵ʧУдž֮ɫɫһƬҰףⲻܣͼôܱƿأ
ñͼצͼʱͷϡСĲѯǲһֱצͼ
۵ﵽʥ֮ϸϸĲ̽һ˲ϢǧٴΣȷûʲô֮󣬵۵ŸҶãҲ׷
û뵽ǣȻǱˡ
ûʲôܵģ㵭˵֮µİУײ̽ġΪĵ֮⣬ĵȥ̽ĵܲĳ룬Ե۵ľǲѯġ
㵱ⰵΪ˶ؽͼ׼뵽˿ܾȵһ
ʥںϵУûдĳ߸ܲס۵ͽͼѿһѷ죬ڵ۵ֵ֮У߶ѿ
һϯ½챩Ƭ£һʮľ޴ѷԨҪѴ½һΪһƬѪƮɢء
ͻȻľ䣬ÿһ˷վʥɫͣһƬžһжڴ˿̳䶨һ㣡

һգ۾͹ȥ
ǰͳΪʥ壬干µһʥߣ󰵸Ϊʥ壡£ʮʥ߹ڰǰͷ󰵸Ϊʥ塣
ǣΪðΪʥ壡
ʥȻϹŵʥ壡˿̵ʥ壬ȥЩ߲⣡µ˶ϹʥѪˣܲ⣬ҲǸһο
ʱ䣬㵹ŬˣǲҶ˼գûһΪϡɻ
㲻뵽ѪԵʣѵԼѪܺӲɣǣҪ˵ĻϹʥΪʲô
ֹ꣡ûһܰТΪȣ޺Ϊ˼ѬյƢҲЩꡣ
㲻Ǻ˵ϻкܶ໪Ҫȥһ԰ɣҶ˼Լ˺ӣʹŮˣɻʶ˵
Ҷ˼Ļ㲻뵽ǰĵʱʵǿԻعˡֻǣʱ֪ġ˿ҪȥŤתѰ굱Ĺ켣ҵ
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ҪŤתǰһʱյϢܿ촫˳ȥĺΰһȺˣϹ㡣
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Ҷ˼Ů˵ͷһӵ
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ţ˵⣬ͻȻ˵һҪעһ£ʮʥߣͻȻȫʧЩȻгڰ󣬿Ǹ˼ҪСһЩ
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ڲһʮˣֳ־¾Ĵ󣬶ڵķ㼤ȥķ
ߵ뿪治ϣ½ڽŹĴ棡ò˥

һȼҶд˿̣ƪˣ
Ȼ˵걾ҶƪҶ֮ҪдľǶƪ


1257 ϧ
ʮλͨͻԾɱԷ˺ѿռĹ켣Ӱǿشķ׭ȼ꣬
ܣһϤĻִĵƹ⣬һжٴλصĵ
ϲͬʱ̲סһ¡ѡû·ߵֻݻ֮ʱգŵ괩ԽĹ켣ҵع·ߡ
ҪЩòıصĹٴκŽ棬Ȼ֮⡣ǵֵĹҲĪѹҪǽҲˣǿ֮У½µʮλͨȻ
⣬侮ʯᣬ֣Ҫһٴ㡣ֻд㣬ǲܰʥϣư干״
ҪûѹƣЩ׾پʰڵֵ£ҪסЩˣ͸оЩˣͨɱЩˣԼҲʹͨΧ£ܵش֮ɢϲƵķ׭ȷյֵԼԽռ䡣
˵ǣվص˵
ܵĻӲ£֪Ǹ᳡ˡ
ΣһΧΣɻǻص˵κβ
̲סЦټĿռ䣬żϢ
磬Цʲô
ۣǰС椳Ƥɰĸ涼ʣΨһв֮¾ظˣԷͻСӦôڷ״̬Ҳܹˣ㿴Сգ۾ӣȥһڡ
磬·ǴģС˵е
վС˵ûע⵽ԼŴ磬װ磬͹װʮƣһͷȴǺˡ
ҽĽ֪ǴᶯչCOSPLAYıߣΪҲǣֻ̫ҵˣûʼѾ·ˣ
ĽһֱҲЩ֡
ĽССͦСģ
ֿһ۶Էز
ǴʲôͦСİ
ĽͦͦظΣȻûдﵽı׼
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Ľͣһ׶ǴʱԺ̸˵չҪʼˣ׼ȥⳡŵķᣬǳԲ˶ߣ
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ĽͷǸ߿ˡ
Ҳȥ˴ΧȺǰһ󲿷ϴĶǶве·ʲôӰߣèʲôģȻһЩҲϲCOSPLAY˴Ŷͨ·ˡ
СүƣԽ統ҶˣԽȻҪݣӵҲգȻˣͺú棬뿪ô꣬ӦһִҲ֪ԼûУ
Ǹ˭ĻǱ棬͵Щ˵ӣ̨ϸұݺͣ
㻹ûӦӱ¶һҿġ񣬡С˧װ磬зǌű˰
ģĵӣҪڵɱ˳һ
磬һ¾͵ӣոջ˵֪COSPLAYʲô˼ῪЦأ
㿴ǰĽĶЦˣϾȻŵȭ沨ޱȾ޴Ĳ֪裬ֻǼ·ϣͻزЩ֣ͦɰġ
ŶԷĽǴ紩Խģ˵񰡣ȻҪ˵ˣԷ˳ɻ񾭲Դ
ˣûʲôأ
㣡
㿴ѾвټڳˣЩУʲôᣬôôļߣ
˵ԭеز̿ⶰ¥ҪǨȴǱչˣŵܷǵûвΪ˼Ϸ˾ܲ
Ľ˵ǻһķᣡ
˼Ϸ˾ֻ࣡
㲻ΪȻ
˵ǻεܣǴ˵еĴŮܶ˶һ䷼ݣҲһڹϿᣬҪȻôôأ
ΪܣȻһڹϿ᣿ֱǺСүһ͵
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֣ͻȻĸǷƺȻûŮˣǰɫȮĬĬȴŮˣϧҲڵΨһǷŮˡʹ磬Ȼղ٣ҲʱǵãֻǴδ˵ѣԭΪȴû뵽ܻ
ʶŵϧ
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㵱ȻûΪͬΪһˣϧӣôܵܲãǰиϧ˿ԺƬƬϧһĻ䡣
ŮˣвƽҲû˼μʲôչˣһֻż
Ҫ֪ǷҸ֣
ԭ֮ˣȻ֮䣬оĿһžһ˵ϣȥݣСүˡ
ޱ飬ֱӳȥȫȻΧĿԼӵƿڴԲۣˤ͸з췴ȥ˾Ͳùˣ
㻹ʶϧ
ĽҲڱȵ
ߵ棬ͣһλźɫµŮעԶԶȥŮ˵ıѾزʣܷ֫ϸŮ߽ϵĳ޵Ϣɢ˲ЩϢֻ켣˫صطŮ˶Ѽɽ
һ֣
ܶ˶Ů˵۾ȻֲҪĳ⡣
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ϧ÷С޲£һֱΪԾ֢Ĺϵʹ֪ϧϲҲȥϧΪ֪ϧһٺòŮˣҪ֢˵ͷӶԭģ
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ǣԷͺȫûпһֱӴ߲ˡ
ǰԼ£ϧҲᰲԼԣڡһУעİɣ
㲻ЩЦԼһҶģģѾױˣϧûϳԼʵˣЩʧ䣬ͺЩѾȻȥһȥϧԼ㣬ȴ֪Ҫô˵ӣϧֱӻرץȥ񲡣Ϊľ̫˼ˡ
쵰壬˾Ͳˣ·ﻹ㣡
ű׷˳СӸˣһCOSPLAY·ֵأ·ǰûп
˭˵СүˣСүֻϸˣ
˵ȻϧҲûҪ뿪ˡ
ƨü۵ģ͵ǵ·Уˣˣ
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ģô˵Ŷģ
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ŵһ£˵СӺˣܶ˵ȥɣ
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ӵЩΪ˿չֳʵ̫ˣͺҪɱһ
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㵱Ȼǵþǰʮ°˺ţȥģû뵽˾Բֹ꣬ȴֻ꣬ʶǲ֣ϾطʱҲвֻͬɻ󣺡ϧȻ伯ܲˣ꣬㵽׾ʲô


1258 ձѪ
ص˿ϧѾϣټ߶ţǿ׳ĺ±ҲǷİЩߵ棬ϧýɼһߡ
磬ոôڵĳȥˣҵҪҵ𣿡
Ľһɻܾ֣˵
Ĭ
Ľһֱ̨ϣ˵㲻ҪһϧŮӰɣѵܲ𣿡
ǣ˵ʲôأҸոֻҪҲˣ
ݸһЦ
Ҳôţ
Ľ˵ԭǰٰ
Բۣ
ˤ
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ʱվ̨ϰѱݶչȫۼһ𣬡˾Ҫζչƹ㼸ϷĿģᶼҺúñݣ
Ǹ˰ݵĽͻζһ
̫˧ˣҪĹװӾ磬϶Ⱥ軹Ҫ𣡡

ҲûôݣŰѱ̨ȥ屾ģϵ·ʹվ̨ϣΧĹڴȤ
ܣǹ˾Ķչô
һװ˵
һְҵ㣬ҵ࣬㻹˼ۣϷ˾Чû߰ٷ֮ʮӦ֪³ɣϧһ䡣
̲˵ˣ˾˭֪ϧ˼Ϸ˾ǰϧһִģѾλܾ
ܣǸȷʵѾвҵԱʾŵϷȤˣ
һ˵
ϧͷĿҲ϶යƬ̣˿̵ٹΧţмҪͷĽ˵磬˰ǰһϬôģ
һΣ۰صȻصϣݾˣιСãɱŶ
ܿ죬չͽˣǵ鲻㵹Ͷ㵽һԣʱһλվ˵ŴѾʵĶչˣңǻܲϧܵһγϯᣬȻλý飬ЩͼŹ˾޹صĻ⣡
ΪʲôҪѡⶰΪ¹˾ܲҪ֪ⶰǰһˣǱⶰҲ˱Ϊ֮أѵʶǸˣ
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˭֪أϲ˼ܹĥģⰲٵǳͦ˧ģ

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ĺĻôܺǻ켯Ϊþһ£츮δҪԲԶ٣ҪΪֻϢǻҲУ
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Ϊز˾ܾҪƻϧķģ벻ּһڵϢϧ㲻Ұְˣϻ֮ܲλҲּҰŵģֻһܰˣܣ
밲ȥ
㿴ϧȻ򶨣ʵȴһ˿ŭȻٵĻ̼ˡ
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㿴ϧϳͻȻһ˿벻ϧһŵܲãһˣĺǰǰ´Լ߷·Ҫ쳤ؾõģ
ֻ˵ˣҿɲ֪˭أ
̾˿ԽصҲǼϧΨһǣңλȨأжӦҸԼǲҪȥ˰ɡ
磬Ҫȥﰡ
ĽӰԶ绹ְҵߵʱ򶼲·

شһʱ֮仹治֪ҪȥֱߵһС˵СӣձɣܺóԵģ
СһͦŴӵĸˣȻӺܿ࣬Ȼۡ
չպõõٿǮ꣬óһ٣˵壬ձɣ
ϣǮҲҲ
ҪˣԺһᾭձģ
˵
ǺãСӣϳձҲ˼ˣԺ㾡ձ⣡
С˵
ǸҲ˵Ǹˣϰ飬óԵձ
䣡
ӹձȴһĦܿ죬һɫ˹㿴൱ϤһĦгһȻΪٶ̫죬С̯ӳ˹

Ħг˵
ӣСģ
˶пкģ㿴ĦгͲɲȻײȥ
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ĦгǰͻȻһڣһձ˹ϣֱܴӾͰӸбˣεһĦгˤڵϡ
ϰû̫ˣˣ
СϽסˡ
ܣλϸûˣǸŹװСӾǣ
֪ˣ쿪˲֪˭ģڣ
ֿ֮ͣˣϧӳ̽ͷʱҲ㿴ȻѹôϤϧݡ
ǰĦгĺȻǶϧˡ
ûãȥ׷Ƕˣ
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СӣΪҲ֪ӵձݣʹӶˣ
⡮ӵϾȻҳѪϣƥģӵһθĴСƻˣҪ㣡
㿴˻ӻͳ˰Ѵ󿳵
һĻ̲סЦСѣҲǰ¡


1259 ɽ
СӣСİ
Сĵ
ػصȻΪشԵʣѾȫκķ׭ɢȻǿᣬԶǰ˿Ӧġģ㵹ǲģֻҪڣʱ䶼ġ
ȥɣӣ
ǡ˫յȻ£۾ûգһ£ǰŵװ·СӺܿҪԼˡ
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ĿҪ㣬ȴǿָֻ֮䣬ͳ鲻СӣѵǸ֣
ž
ʳֱָӱϣŵ嶼ڷѿжʮأȻˣʵ֪ˡ
磬ңҴˣ㲻Ҫ

һŰ߿Ħгűķȥ
ԲۣԭֻǸɳ֪ҾͲĦгˣԵģ
ʹ

ϧͲ֪⼸Ħг˭ģںӱߣвʪЬ׷ɱϧҲûоǰ붼ЩСС֣ҲǵжģΣȻԷѾܵļƻ
ܣڳԷˣζԷˣҾӦүǲ룡
׼
ΪʲôܣǵΣգ
˵˲׼Ͳ׼
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ϧǰһĻȵǾ˭ģǻţҲк³
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ִŮǵΪ˴ȥ¶Ǻ޹ˣϵĻ͸ߣĻǱ㲻ˣ
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ŭ֮ɫƽŮ֮Сˣ˻ڵϵΨһǣϧһ䣬ǸħƾǣҲ
Ǽ춼ܹоǿƣҪ֪Ƕ֮ͽⵥ񣬱¶Ҳп⵽ɱﻹܵô࣬οŹװ㿴ǸһȨղһɲǵĸоǴˡ
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󣬴磬ոС۲ʶ̩ɽֱ۶ʹˣܷܲСһ·СʮĸСŮ
ϴȻᴩŹװ·ߵģɵƣǴ˵еĸˣȻΪǵڶˡ
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ǲʶһˣ
ҲʶϧҡͷԿʶģʲô
ǣֻǺ˽ְˣֺܲ
ͷǰҲ߹ң
˱ǰϧ
㣬ڵְҵʲô
ҵ񣡡
Щεָָϵ·
ֺܲһЩڹ˾ѵı̫࣬ϧǸˬ֮ˣ㵱ҵıڣ㿴Σ
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ʮ򣡡
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ȵɽһһҪ󣡡


1260 δ
Ȼ֪ͨ͵ʲôزһһʲƵĿصҲûȶټϾĿףϧ߱㿴ţϧʲô⡣
㻹ʲôҪ󣿡
ϧ̳ҲѾƴˣȻ˵ãҲֻǸ̰֮ˣǮ⵱Ȼ⡣
Ҹ츮Уûסĵطܰ°ɣ
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֤ûУ㲻ӷɣ
ģСү񣬴ΥĹ
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಻˼йŮģ
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㲻Ὺ
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³֮ϧĺøȫޣһ¥и䣬˯ɣ
أ
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ϧһT㣬̻ϣվӣȻ·Եϳɣе㶼еĸоˡ
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ϧҲǵ󣬲ŸձɳĻ׷ɱͷͰټ棬²һŮӵеġ
ϧˣһΪ¶أ֪֪ҵ֪㱻׷ɱϢһ̫ˣѾ°ȥ׷Щ˵ˣֻҪ䣬ұ֪ͨ㣡
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㣬Զˣ
ͷ
˭ǰûأ
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ۣ
һڷ˳
˼˼ոʵ̫ˣǼģ
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˺ţô
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СӣҾ㿴Щ˵
СЦȻһ飬ֱϣƺҪһŰ
ѹϣͬʯֻСµĽ棬ͬߵǧ飬˵ˣӷֺδֻƤЬĦ
ž
СµƤЬⶼ߶ˡ
ʹ
С¶ʹԭشתˡ
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ģһȺƽʱӴţ˵ǶҿǶڴϺŮ˴ɣһԻ㲻춼ҹ
ٷŭ
ʣµĽˣһûԱأ
԰̧ߣ˱̳ʹˤ˸ʺ
ϧ俴Ű٣ζûܳɹɱڵζǲǺܲܰ
ߣѵɱҲɣ
ЩɵĿһ̻ʵ㣬ξȻһԻϣܴ衣
ϧֻ·ߣ
һҰѽշҸ죬ʲôӦҲڶһæֻҪϧҿԵûз
Ұ㣡
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һˣ
˭
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δ򣿡
ȥʲô
һڼ


1261 
ȻĽ˵ϧδ򣬵֪ϢйģҲǱ֮ˣǰڵϵʱΪԵʣͺϧ̸ˣҲ֮ҹɫȮˡ
ôϲ׽Ūˣ㱾Ϊ괩Խ֮Ͳٻصˣȴ벻ټϧ
СүǿƣԽˣѵҪյĺ֪Ϊ˵ô
Ѿص˹ԢָŴձš
㣬ʮȽպô
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Ŵһɫ˯۵ϧʫ黭˵
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һ㲻磬粻㡯ģ
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ҲǴ󵨣ҪҴ򲻹ٵô죿
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˵
Ǳңʶģûκκôȥ˯ˣ㻹еæ
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ģʲôøϧްԵ
ΰ
һѾϧӳ߳˵ˢ඼Ѿźˣϴ͹Ͱɣ
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С࣬˵ֻһڣΪʲôҪôã
ƽʱһҲԲ꣬˷ѣԣ
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㣬ǸֱĥѪɣ
ô׶ôǵڵģʺأеڳϿ飬Ҫ֪ʲôƽ
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㣬ôˣ˭ڿȻϰ׮
УС㾪ȵָųеĺɫ
ôܣȻǼһôѧᵹ׮ģҵô׼ȷţ
ۼһ۾Ϳ㣬ԴҲ벻ôġ
⿿һѧɲţҪô򵥣ҾͲôУˡ
㶨˵ģСүڶѾܹ·ˣ
㿴һԾĳ˵ãСүȥһȦ
ȥһȦ
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Ǹģˣ³ʻȥΪѧ׮˲ˣҪѧĿɶأ
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1262 ޸
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˵ǿòãС£ҾӮ
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ҶСӱͻῪһ⿴ѧˣҵ³Ưƣˣ
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ϧ¶Ŀ⣬˵Сϧ˵ıڣǲǰڵ绰Ҳû˵ף
ϧͷ
ʲô۹ⰡСͶĺܣǸļһ
ô㰡³ô
ҡҡͷ
ˣ´ʱģ
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ţȴһң
һңĸĸ
ǣ
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һھȻϧ߽ȥ֮󣬹Ҫ㣬ߵʲãֱһŲȥ

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ְں̸飬ƺܿҪˣϧĸ˵仰̲ס̾һԼŮһģĪʧϧĸ׳ŮԸ䡣Ҫ֪δϧȹĴ
һ츸ĸͬ⣬ȷֿʱѾϧˣϧ׵겻ЩȢһҲĺܺãҪϧ׵¶Ҵϧʵ
Ȼ֪ϧŮһںҸҲһֱûϧּҴ֮ų֣ĸŮӹϧ빫˾
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㶼˵ĸˣȻǰǸƵأɫȮ֮ˣȴҲ̩ڵ츮֮һŶǶ̩ķֲ֪̩ʵ֮ǿһЦôҲ޹ءϣûжٶ̫⡣һ磬Ϊ
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ֻҪĸңұ֤ʵԸһ׺ϧܹõóֵģ
ˣ
ʧ䣬Ҳǿ󺣣ĸʱΪתʱջصžڵһжȴǻص֣ЩͺӡôҲ
ĸôϲĹ
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Ǹˣ
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ûʲôôҶϰˣ
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1263 ײƺ£
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ǣ˵ֻĴˣԺڻΪհ

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Ӵôְãô°ŲȻҲأŶ
ֻƿ˵
һֻȻŮǵλȻⱾһǰƺõľ֡ǵԼԼǴⰡǰڵ϶ǻӹȻ˽칫Ұ֮ڰﶷһȴǸû뵽ԼҲǣȥɲ磬ˬĻֱɱԷ
ܣãƸѻļŪˣոջȻң̫
Ų˵
Ȼ飬ã˵ˣҰѧҵļһﲻҪ㿴ɣڳ״ˣҪǷļȥ˱ʲôţǻŻô찡ְֿŴ·չģ
ֻ˵
ܣҾûòûʵļһ߳ˣ
Ҳô
ϧ˲ϱһϣ黹δˮʯǲĹĹʧұȻϢұ㲻κļ
Ȼö˵ˣŲȻɣϾҲǸˣʵ
ֻ˵
è޺ӼٴȱҪǿϧһֱʹɫķϣһȭֻˣСˣ磬ӶȻ˺
ŲֻǶʶ
ң
ȻΪ㻹ܴ
ϧ˵
ˣСүһӵҳȥ磡
˵ͳȥˣȻȥ磬Ѿֻİ칫ҡ
ʮ¥칫ҡ
磬һξ͸ҸɫҪԸǸС飬ʵϣ㻹Ҫ
˫ȲϣʮܣߺߣЩ죬⻪Ŷֻˣ
ܲǻôѵ
ƨǸҰ֣֪ǲҰֵѪ
磬ǼҾȻ飬ҲͿܲˬˣҪԺ㷭ˣǣٺ٣
¶㲻Ҫй¶ȥǸҰҲǸʡ͵ĵƣ⼸꣬ڹ˾Ҳ˲ţҪǱ֪ˣ鷳ˣ
ģҾؿƿ
磬ھҪˣһ
˵ֻ˿ӣֱϺˡ
߳໥ţ顯ֻͣ˭֪ڰ칫ô
ž
ֻͻȻˡ
űƿȻĿ߽㡣


1264 ŮҲȨ
ֻİ칫ģûԱ͸͵ˣҲ֪ΪΣԽصȻشǶɾˣȻȲǰڵ֣˴ΣϧĻﶼڶֻûе㣬㻹˺ϣȥöԷѿ
Сүɣ
Ȼ룬ȥʱϻ¶һƬ֮ɫȫʲô顣
㣬ʲôʲô
ֻҪϿӣҲǺߵĸϽ·ס
ңܵǸİղ㹤ϸģĻͲ᷸ͼˣҾ˵öԣҾᣬȱ
˵
úúã֪ˣԳȥˣȥ
ܣǲҼֵĲ̰ҿ̫Ⱑ
Ц
磬ǹҲģ
Ҳ磿ΪǼͨҪҲոǰСү÷ëСүٺ٣
˦˳ȥǶǡúʣôϣӴ㣬˵
ָ磬û°ɣ
鿴պùֻϣһ
㳯߹ȥ˫ظ磬۸ң
ұ죡
ֻ
ٺ٣һʲҵĸͻҵĸ³
˵СʱûôƬڴ㿴ֱֳ
ֻ˿̶Ѿ¿㣬㣬¥ûбˣ㣬û֪ҺСɹʲôŲھñǷ֣
ԭС
ЦҷǷ֣ˣСүؿҲǵõ⣬ҲͲƽˣλԺˣȥεĵطڶϲڰ칫Ҵڣȱ⣡
׼ŵʱ򣬻ͷ˵䣬аֻһܣôùأôҲö˹
Բۣ
ֻƿڴ
磬Сײǵô찡
ģ˵ȥҲŵģûҸղ˵ãĻͲˣ
˵
磬»δȥҪȻټ
ıƣӶˣԺҰ칫ңԲۣ

ȥˣôоԹȫһ
ǣͿ˳Ӱܾʣ
ַ˵
Ҳе֣ճŵʱ򿴼ֻܽŵӣ˫ĿѪкûкҴˣ

ЦЦָǽԩңͷˣҲСү˭ܵ
㵹ͦİ
Ͳȥȥˣ
ô
ϧʵ㻹֪
ǿܿĳͣϧֻһҽݡ
¶ҽݣ
һ俪ڽֵϵСҽݣȻĳЩġ
紹ͷɥĽȥɶˣ
⣿ϧ¶״

ڳϱǰ緢һһʮĶϧСڸµʱҾסҲеˣѰˣ
ȱ£ҪֻˣּұˣҸҲŹ㣬οվҴ磬ѵһ¾Ͱˣ̫֣
ֻ˵˵ˣôΪ˵ﶼôô
ҡҡͷСҪԸˣûа㵱ãҪˣǻã
治ϣ
㿴ϧǰįҲǾĺܣôϣϧԼ÷㣬ȻϧϧӳȥֻԱڵĬĬıҲǲһɣϾһֱǷŮʵ̫ࡣ
ֻˣȻһˣ
˵
٣
ϧҲ˴ҽݳ̸ЦƺȬһ㡣
˶ʲôöǰٰԸ˵ȥˣֻضʱѹ󣡡
ȥȥ
ϧʼ
ͷ̸ȥ
ǵͷʲô
ͷͣ£ϧ˵ڵİ츮֮һ֪ΪʲôΪʲôչ˾ô
˽
˵

ϧ˵ӵкǿľĹϵϵ
ǵ˽ʲôأ
ʵ
Ҳо˽Ķܲʲôȴ²ֻû뵽ֻȻҲС
ϧ˵
˴󴬣ܶ๤ڰ˻
˵
ܲܰѳͣȥһ㣿
ϧ˵
ɫڣͷΧΧźܶഩƷˣȻЩǰҵıڡ
УѾע⵽ˣ
˵꣬˱ĳʾļգ
֣ҸոѧῪϱȥʲôģҲҪհɣ
ͻȻһ־ͲϧĲϣ߱ȸſĻ֪ΪʲôϧоĻůһ
𣬹ȥԶĵطͷ⸽ȫߣ
̰ѳˣ˻ȥЦӳûɶֻһԹŮҪ㳵𣬰ӴҪȥ㲻ûܿ׻ĳ氡
ģҶˣҪʲô⣬ǶõԴ

㵹Ǵ󵨣Ȼˣ
ϧͷ
ⲻΣͷôҪǴݾ˾Ͳأ
ЦЦƤģ
ȥ
ϧֻͰѾϴʮˣ̸֪ʲôԤУ򵥰
Щ˳ˣӦýˣôౣڱһǺܼ˵Ķ
ۼ⡣
Ǹô죿
ϧ˵
ˣǳǵĳ߹ˣҪҪĻֻŹģ
ͻȻ˵Сϧˣ

˵˫§ϧϧأֱӳźߵĲ˹ȥ
ûĳ档
ڸʲô
ֻȫԼ۾
磬ôﰡ
ϧƿ㣬һգʲô㵱ô˾Ϳ㶪֣
죡
ϧһƳ˳ȥɱ׾ٱܿϧȻϷҲԸⱻռ˱ˡ
ƣǳ㶹ôõ涯ִ
ϧ֪Сӹϵˣ벻ô֪߳ܣȻͷ泵ģҪӵ¸պÿгƹ⣬ͱǵĹϵŪȥˣ֪ϾҪ츮ˣ֪£ô޵ĳȥ
ѵֻŮˣŮ˾Ͳô߰ˣ£Ƿֵģ
⣡֪ؾˣ
ֻ˵
ô磬ôˣôأ
ϧʵ


1265 ֲ̽ϣ
ֻ˽¹ش󣬱ŸͰ˰ģҪǱϧ֪ˣº롣
С㣬Ұ뻪һ۵ģû뵽ײǵĺ£ǱǸǺǣСһֱǰ崿벻Ҳȷŵֻ۹δ̫ΣҪСҲֻɫ
˵
ҪǾú˶Լݣƿڴˣʲôֻɫұ㲻֪˧ٱˡ
ˣϧҲ̫˽Щ飬ȻǾãؼң
ֻ˵껹ݺݵһ㣬Сӣֻˣ⣬ĻҶ㲻
㻹ǹܺԼСİɣˣ
Ц
㣡
ֻ붯ŭȴ߸磬Ǵỹʱأ
Сӣݣ´ξûôˣ
Ŀͼߺ˵Сϧǹ˽ôҳ𣿸񹼸һ
ҪҲµĿˮӡôķӣ
ϧ˵
ոǲôҪ֪㷢˽ܣ㶼ΣգղѾоߵıڵУм˵
ǺεۣܹԿĿֲӣ˷ػص޷书ǿǺеġ
Ȼ㲻ԼʵڵǲǻǿߣУҲ£ȻشˣȴҲЩħֵģ־ͽˡֻҪվһϧˣ˵ѡ
˻صסĵطϧ˵ֻŴӹģ벻ͰʲôǷĹҺܵһЩԶ̩飡
Сϧڵ㸸ô
˵
ҽУΪ˶̩Ĵ룡
ϧһۣ㲻ȥ˾ϰˣҵ飡
ȥֲ̽ϣֻںòãڵãֵ飬Ҫݱ㶪ߣڻҪ̽ģһûеȨ˰
ǰɣ
ϧ˵ðҲû֤ҪҪȥ˵ĻҲʱϧ飡
ţȥϴˣ룡
ϱǷģ
㿴ϧ¥ıӰޱӰҲû˵ǰڵϣȷǷϧ̫࣬ÿÿ뵽ǰǸСϧɽⷬŮܲãǻЩʹ
Ҳæµһ죬úûϴ·ȥһ¥ԡңմˮĿأˮբȴûһˮ
ʲôҲˬСү
¥Сϧ˯ĵطȥ¥ûˣСүȥ¥ϴɣ
ֱ˶¥ԡſڣȴЩ⣬ԡ澹Ȼŵƣŵεδˮ
͸ԡģӰܹȷϧ
ԭΪϧ¥ϴ裬ȴû뵽ϧһϴ
ҲǺþû͵СϴˣҲ֪׷˶ٰ
ӣɲǸɫģСϧҪڶ¥ϴۣ
ǰڵ͵ϧϴ裬ǿС椿СӰһ
û뵽ô󣬾ȻĻᣡ
ᶼ׼ˡ
Ȼ׼̫֣ڷӦѸ٣Ųӯ̤ڵϣûһ˿죬˿̣ĺǿѹȥҲ֪ǲǰ͵ˣڵԡҲ⣬Ȼûһ˿Ľš
ž
۾׻Ļ棬ԡűͻȻˣֻ˿̵ϧѾԡʪͷɢ˿˿⣬ʲô
ᰡ¥ˮ¥ϴ裬˭֪ˣȻ㶼֪ˣ
͵
޳ܣҿӾ͵ϴ裡
ϧ˵
ûаԡĥɰģ۾ٺҲ氡
һòȻʵ۾ȴһֱϧؿϣҪ֪ԡڵסϧİİ㿴һ׻Ĺﶼ֪ȥˡ
ȥ
ϧ̧ҽţһžĿϣúһС㡯סˡ
ߣã´ξûôˣ
žһϧְԡŹˣʵ֪ǣղ̧ŵ˲䣬ʵÿԡ׵Ĵ⡣
С椣ϴȻڿ㣬һ㶼û
Ҫԡϧģ˳Ҫһˡ

͵¼ֱӾ͵ڶڲǰɰͰ͵Ŀϧͣ˵СϧֻǸᣬ㲻Ҫ룬Сѧʦ֤꼶϶дƷڷܺѧأ
Сѧʦ͵𣿡
ϧ˵
ô֪ͷʱɫ죬ȻŮ׵㣬˭֪ɱ̽ŴţǱ߰
ϧ͡һЦ˳ƶ죬ҽҰﻹһЩʢԵɣ
֪
´ٸҺһԣҷ㲻ɣ
ˣ
һ亹ǾˣԺ಻ȥϴˣ
棬ϧѾȥ˾ˣȥ⿪һɫıʱݳҲϧ͸ġ
ֻӺͰٹᣬҲ֪Ҫ͵ʲôȥͷ̽£
㿪ͷѾͨ裬ûκ˰أҴͣڰߣһңġ
ҴȻڣҪ취ȥȻ͵ˣҪܲ鵽˿Ҳ
㳯ŴȥٲȻѾһҿմ˴ϵĻȻȫգһӶû¡
ȻˣȴǲŻζζôô񡪡
ʱӰȴð˳ǴźɫƷǿ׳ĿСӣôܵˣ
λ磬ҹҪ˹ҪҴ󴬣ð֮е
˵
Ҵ󴬣ǿ԰ôҪôһҴ
Ϊ˺ȵСӣΪһĹ˵㵽Ǹʲôģ
Ҫǲ˵Ļߺߣ
Ҫóʲô
򿪵һɲ㿴һѺɫĶٲȻһǹ
ﲻһССĿشֻˣ涼ǹе֪Ҵ澿ڽʲôˣ
ټոڴѾŵˡҩζȷе뷨ֻͰ˽ıǾ
ҲѹֻͰٺұϾоĿɽ
磬ҿײϴģδóȻǻǻʱ򣬰ٹǴ絣𣡡
һ긽˵ɵСӼȻҪ⴬һңҲ̵
ΪҲǵͷִгһ
Ҳ֪Σλ磬ǲҴ󴬲⣬Ȼ˵ĻҲûʲô˵ˣ
ʲôǮ
˼ת˵


1266 ҳ
ԭΪԷǲ֦뿪ȴû뵽Է׬һʣ⵹нƾͼƵͷ
Ǯ⣡ֻҪãԶг۵İٷ֮ʮ㣡
ֵܽʲôҺø㰲Ŵ
Խ
ǮʹĥһԷȻù˵Ҵ󴬲ô
ҴѾ˳аˣֻȻûҴȴϵȣģ
аа죿Ҹ˫Ǯ
˫Ǯ
˱㻣סȴҲС˵Ҳ󵽣ϾǱȳаĴֻҴ󴬹ǻҪ˻ʱǲģ뺣
ȻˣҲͲΪˣɣѡһϵȵĴ󴬣ҾҪȡʱѺһ鸶㣡
˵ˡ
磬СӵǲˣǵİȥǸǮļһﰡ
Ӷ˵˿˲ܿ㿴óӺǮ˧ôҪںղûСӾͶ֮䶼һְԵư㿴˿¿ʱݣٲȻǸ߸˧ĴڣҲ֪츮ļҵĹӸ磬ȻҴƯ

ɹ赽ûл̫ʱ䣬˿̻ȥϧ϶ǲڼҵģ㿪ųɴ츮жȦҲܾûйˣ治֪仯˶٣
ƵĿųŷ羰ڻŷ˴ġ硷
ལ
ȴǴһ㻹ûӦһŵĺɫǴϿӡȻ̣ݡ
ǰһƣѳͣ
㻹Ϊ˭ô͵˰ѪҪһԭ޳Сˣ㣬ǲǹģ
ʲôҡ壡
˵ǰֹˡ
ȥģûƷζ֣
ӴӴӴп֣ǾͦģС椣ǲϴѧʱһİһֱβ磬ѵҪŴͣʱ򣬶ԸʵȼɱĴʩ
ȼɱ㣿㣬Ҳվӣ
ãΪһôÿ϶Ҫһų˹ֵٷ磬ΣֻҪСϧͿ
޳ܵӣ³һ٣㣬Сϧסһ𣿡
ǰǲĺûѣԴ˰ŶԣǺѣI am sorry!
㣬㣬쵰
ҧ˵˭֪ĳ̾ͿˣãҪ׷˸磬ǣ
ޣ
ιţôѳ߰ⶼҪһˣģӸʱ䶮
ǰڳͿҪˣѳߣ𵲵

㣬СһŹ㣡
ôܹίҪ֪֮󣬴СڼУҲǽƽټòɣŮһĴڡ
û޳֮ͽ쭳ļ츮ҲСģܿ죬׷㡣
ã㻹Ҷϰˣ
˵
ȥ㣬Ʋ㣬³
ʲô׷˵ô
һ̾˦
д쭳㣿
㿴ıͬһƥҰһҲ֪Ѿ޿ˣ˶ڽǲõĳʲô¹ʡ
ǰûӴ쭳ϷڵǿԺúˣ
Ȼ쭳ҲǼʶ쭳ģȻʱѪڣΣѹͲῪྪմ̼ϷˡһҲǽǰľ磬ԸԳ
ͬСųģԳϤȣ±˶Ҫࡣ
һƮݹֱӾͳ㣬쵰ǰǷɽ·յ㣬ʱ򣬽㿴ôӮң
ޱȴ죬ٺѧĲһΡ
ΣҲܱ츮У·мָơ
ܵյ˵
ȴǲΪȻ
û쭳ҪӮϾʵ̫׷ĲһǰδĽϷˣ
˶ѣ
Խ˵棬Ǿ̫ˡ
ʮ룡ʮ룬㻹˼쭳
ͣ³ΪЩƣڳϣһ̣ҼСִݻĺðɣ
޳ܾˣû뵽㻹ǸƤ

ЦЦɫˣĽҰģйŮģٺ٣ȼɱʬɽҰɣ
޳ܵôҲԼʲô׷Сһѣǿ㣬أ
ǳҪģ治֪СϧΪʲôҪסһѵС
ҡҡͷŶ֪ˣû֤϶ﷸвСϧģ춼ûôأ
ȥǲ֢ﷸأǿ鷸
ĽҰĵϷϷģȴǱһ仰ĺ顣
񾭲
ҪȥˣȥˣСϧҵģ
ת׼ߡ
žžž
Ȼ˿̣ԶȴǴ졣
ȻҲͦˡ
ʲôأ
ʵ
⣬ȴҲǺȷΪ⡮žžž滹źŨĴϢ
ѵĽҰЩٶ˵飿

ָָǰͣŵĺɫ
һֱˡ
ôˣôһǰѾ̭˵ģõô𣿡
ԭܵѹƣأССˬһѣ쵰ԭǸҲûм
˵Ĳǳͣǳƺţ
ƺţʲôͬ
ҡҡͷȻ޷ͣΪǰĳƺţǰҪҵ
˸ƵģԵְҪΪᱻȥ
ǵõʱǺǸװƣͺȥĳ
Ȼžžž滹дŮ˵Ľ
ɥδµСﶼڷʲô
ǰӰС˵˵Ҳ˽һ㣬ټԸ˵Ǵ˵еĳ𣿡
ͷ
⻹ҵһο˳Ǵ̼أ
Եʮֺ档
ŶŶŶ磬Һ
ž
ˬˬģҰ⳵Ӵûˬ
ڴصİʹЩ֮ԱǣҡҡͷȺˣͲܶŮô
㣬㣬ڸʲô
Χʲô
שͷ
שͷﰡ
ҳ
˵

һשĿɿڴ㲻̬ɣ˳ҳʲô


1267 СħŮ
Ѱש̧һɲǣԺг໭棬ҡҡͷˣҪһҿڵϾͲˣõ
ˣһΪҪҳأ񾭲
Ѱש£˿
װģˣô찡
£ң
һ˶Դӳ̽˳ģӶ˳һ˿שȴһҪʲôҳɣҸ㣬ǰиùҵĳˣҳûк³ģ
Ϊϧ֪ˣΪ㱻ϧ޵Ļ찵أҲˣ֪ô¡ֻҲŰɣʱȴóŻˡ
㻹߶Էǰĵùû뵽ֻ꣬˧ȴǱģԽп쭰ͺñȌ˿Ϯ˸߸˧һ
ҳҸոڲԶŮȣ˭֪žžžСʲô޳ûÿשͷģ
žžž
Щ˼ˣֵܰ˺óʱˣأ
ɣ
שͷһףֵĽҰĸﰡ
Ұһң߲ɷģţҺид
п
ͣ
ھȻЦ漴ѹȥˡ
ǣҶãΪҪŮɽҰսˣ
˵Զˣȫɷ
ңҿҰɣٸһΣ
Ѿģһ㶼̼ûֵ˵ʲôôҪŮȥɽҰսˣҲŷֳˣıȣ

ǲǰٱС˭С椰˭ҪҰս񾭲

û˵㣬ʲôΪǷɵô᲻֪ôӢ˧ûƷζô
˵ֱ꣬ӿˡ
ŷӦ㣬ûƷλأˣ
С椻֪֮ûиĻһ˦
Ͼ쭳ȷ֮ϣôҲǲòϵİ
ܿѳعԢһţȴȻˡ
˧磬ô⸱鰡ѵʶСˣ
ɳһˣ΢ЦĿ㣬ôҲЦǴŵһ
ȥСԢ֪ͲϷˣˣ
ޱȾᰡ
ȥϴְɣ׼Էˣ
ϧ˵
ţСϧҶкЩûķˣĹ
ڳϴ֣һžͰѳŸϣã㿴춼ǸĲŻ㿪ЩЦģǲͽɣȥ˭Ҳð
磬ˣֻԶٱ㷹ˣҲûСأ췢ʲôȫ֪
޹
㿴ȵı飬ͱɱˣҪ֪ϴֵʱ򣬸պܴӲ߿Щ׻Ļ棬С椣вǳǵ»ݣңҰ
صϧ˵ϴְˣõŹسô֮仹ʲôĻɣ
СϧղſǺ˵˲ٻأ
ЩĿĻɣ
ϧҡҡͷ
ҲղҲǺ̸һҾ˵Ļģ
벻㻹Ŷ
Ҳ֪Ҫ˵ʲôƨǺСϧѧ
ǰղңһҪǮ˵ʮɲɣһһ򣬻˵Ƿǿһʲôġ
㣬Ҿ֪㲻ʲôˣҵĺý˵ЩֻǮǲǣѧŮˣõĲѧƫƫѧģҴӦĹʣˣ
ϧ˵
ҿ޹ģݶ
Ҳ֪ڷô˵ϧǻСѾͷģɴѡĬһڷ֮ͻȻһȻʯͷ
һȴһ޹״ںϧҳ
ݶŮˣȻڷװʯͷһΪĲ̣벻̫ˣĺԺŮ˶϶Կģ
극ͻطˣ˵ԶŮˣ
Ҳǵģװʯͷһ̽θ鷳˰Ͷ˵㣬ҲûҪ
УСϧ㲻֪ڽ˵ĻжŶҿɲܣ۸ңҾһ٣Ϊֻװʯͷô
ʲô
ϧ˵
ȥӺʹŮˣ
˱ǿһĳ˲
ͣ
кҩ
ϧ˵
˭ﱾСģ
˵ˣСϧͬӸʲôô޳ˣһ㲻ô죿
ϧ͵ϴ飬˵ҪǸҾкҩʲô
ݰ
̾
Ҫסô
аֲǲ֪ϰ֣ɲҹأ
Ǻǣðɣ
ţôСϧŶ

Ȼкҩ干СҩֻΪŮ˲ҩѣȻϧǰһ£ǸǸŮأȻڸķкҩˣ
Ŷ㣬ҲǵùǳСħŮӿܲùŶ
СħŮ
ɵɳϣҲǺǵģ
ϧ㵹һˮ˵˵Ϸʲôô
ŵϷҰѾȥͷ̽ˣ
ʲô
ϧ˵
ȻУڴʵ˻ҩζ
˵
ҩζѵٺֻ˽𣿡
ϧһ˽Ǵץˣ׶Ҫ飡
Ȼûо㸸׵ΣϾϧ⼸ҲŬϧˡ
ϧϲĸȴĬȻˡ
ûţҲϧһСԸ
ֻͰ˽鱻ץĻִƵĶ̩ţۣܲʱͲˡ
㿴ϧ˽ţȻҲǲ³ԭ򣬡㸸˵ɣǣ󣡡
У屾ͲãǰಡֻǱ֪ˣಡḴʱ̩һضң
ϧҡҡͷΪҲԼʧȥףʵǸʹģٳʲô飬ܲ
СϧҲֻڴŵ˻ҩζˣͰ˽ĲǾأһжδҪô
˵
ҸӦõ
ϧ˵
ֻͰ󻹻Ҵ󴬣Ӧûһû˽ɾ
˵ҲѾͷһҴʱ򣬷۲죡
ĵͦܵģһȥϣֻںͰ˽Ҿˡ
ϧ˵
Ҳȥ
ҡͷ
ϻϾҵļ£
ͷΣգϾϴһʱ·ı㣡
ǿǶˣʲôµģ
˿ڿˮεǱƲѣˣϰ壬ʱ°ɣ


1268 ʺͷ
ͷܼҴͷĿΪ޾ϵ˶һ磬ϿͻˣĻҲһֱɰٳаš
磬ĻǲҪˣ߻һûɾ֪˽ʲôģҪǳ˲ɲð죡
˵
٣İɣ޾ǲ׬ǮҲ鷢ģңٸʵ̫ˣԵ渶һ޾һиʮ꣬Ǻܺõģ
޾˵
Ҿͷˣŵ룬һ׼ʱͷʱϣһ˵ȶûУˣ
֤һֻӬҲɲ
޾γһǹ
㻹ǲغðɣҪǱ鵽ˣԲ˶ߣ
Ǻǣ˵Цˣ򲻵ѣ˭أ

ߺ޾һСʵ磬ողǴӦ˰ٲѻȥôΪʲô
ɵɵͷôˣټϰߵıڻΪǵĽ׻ô
˼ܶ׬һһʣ
˲ˣͷܱߵľּң׬㣬ôûȺģҲļǮУĻٲ΢԰
޾
ǺǣžãԣŮϣ
ϸƨӶþûŮˣ
޾ҡҡͷʱһ˵磬ˣӴһƯ椣
챻ϧװһ£ɫķ£ī߷ֵķͣٲȻһģ˵Сϧû뵽㻹Ǹ͸֣Ӣˣ綼Ƿ
ᣬҹ˻Ϻ̲÷ķ˧ģԾ㵱СˣҴ۾
ǣСϧ˵ѣ
˵ҵ֣úõĸ¶ˣ
ϧ˷ۣй޳ܵģǰкҩȻûзסСų죬ֱϧţһص֮ǰʱߵͷϧͬסҸһֻ˷ˣѾˣ
Ǻǣϰ壬˼˼ӣҵļڣҪ鴬Ƿ갡
һѩѣϧȻû뵽СӾȻǰѩѵȼϰһɣϺõѩѣ²һ˿Գĵģ
ϧܹɵĵͷ
лǰҲϿ벻Ȼܹ鵽Ǽ
޾Ǹѩѣֶڴһ֮˵һѩѵɴһС
޾ıֺ⣬ϰ壬ǰպ̸⴬һ£׼ˣʹⲻҴҲţ㲻ʧɣ
ȻᣬһǴ飬Ҳأ
޾һμ㻹ûоǮϾĴеΣֻʱݸ˲ٲ֡һΣ޾ٲȻһ
ȥ
޾̯һ롯֣ϧһһ
ҴȷûаٳаҴȴҲǲС㣬¥ǲޱݻ¶һЩǮ˿ɶõģȻҲǱȲֵġ
һɣȥҴҼСȥȼ٣Ķ֣һǧһݣһ£ﺣ߻Ҳ̫ãһһˣС椣˵أ
磬˵о
ϧ˵д㽿
޾һ⻰һȻҵ㣬ϾҪ֪ϧŮ޾ⱲӶѵٿģټ֮ǰһѩѣ޾ĻֱŲɡ
ҲǺˬ֮ˣҪĻҲŻݰɣʮΣ
޾һʼ뿪߼۶һʣ֮ȴʶ㣬ڵϻˣȻ֪ʶһĺôǳ档
ʮҲǸļ۸ˡ
ͷȥû޾˵ļ۸񣬡⴬һжٴԱ
һ
ȫ´
ΪʲôûдԱι
ҿֱˮĴҪ࣬ҪԱô˵ˣҪڴҪС椡پһ಻㣿
޾˵Ҫҿ͵ĻҪû֣ںգǿǲεģ
Ȼȴʵ㰡ʲôǸ߸˧ǰСϡپ붼̼
ھҪ
û޾˵Щʲô
ʲôھҪ
ôҲǮ
㿴һϧ̸޾һʮ֧Ʊ
ǣ˵Ҫһδô
޾ӵ֧ƱѾȫû˽֮ģԭҺҪѺģȻǮԷͲںҲ˼ڡ
ûںæô
§ϧһºߵıǼ⣬װģ翪ȥô
ϲ㿪أ
ϧֵСˡ
޾ȴԱ˴վͷȥ
ĻῪ
ϧ˵
Сͷ󣬻Ὺʲôϡģ
ҡҡͷ˵ʵڵģǰĶС͵ĺȴǴδ죬㵹Ҳڿ죬˲ٿϣ֣ȴǲѡ
ֵĺרע˫ֿźܶఴť
վϧȫһɲǵסˣʱҲԹһˣ˿̵Ȼеżƣ
壡
ģ


һ
𺽣
˵
֨֨
Ȼҡڲ
磬׻᲻ῪѾҡˣΣأ
ҵôãû˵˭һ˿һôĻģ
Ƿˣֶ㲻һһˣֻǴСȥģΪȥԶ

㣬ва
ϧҲ
û⣡
øרע˼ťʼָ
ҡˣ㣬û뵽һոѧῪļһȻῪôһһڶЩڴ㻹Ҵʲôϲˣ
ϧ˵
ΪأҿǸںˣ
ϧŴ˿̰˰ڷµ㣬ȷʵм˧
ͷϣ޾ͼԱԽԽԶҲԽĽ
벻Ȼİһͻˣ
⻹㲻ʲô椻ƯҾǿ϶ҼƯ椣椶ǧ˳СˣĶģ
ãȥҴ仨ȥһĸ߸˧ģΪô׿ôӶҪȥʶˣҿٺȣһʺˣ
޾˵
һʺȻ˵٣
ȻеСǮҪûȣҪûֻиóˣˣʲôĸ߸˧
磬˵˵ʲôͷļҵĹӰ
⻹˵𣿿ģ磬֪ǿĺ
ã㡶Ϻ̲˰ɣ
޾һ˦Сͷϣ˿̲Զȴˣ磬ҵĻѾ˹ˣǰȥӦ


1269 ߻ˣ
⼸˽ǰ£޾ҵԴżֺˡ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫ԶˣĻǿͷ
ɷģѾ˰ҴɼĺǻϵĳԶͷϵķ紵ݶһ
˵
ϧԶ˵ߣһû⣡
ʮأһϵнˮΪһ᲻ô
˵
УոװĺһҶϡ˵ˣ
֪Ϊʲôദ죬ϧҲů˲٣ٶ㲻֮ǰǰĮˡ
㿴ϲͷĵǲǸԼ㣬뵽Էп㻹ˡ
ãѾڰˣ
ϧ˵
Ϳʼô
㿴ʱ仹ûеŵ㣬ٺ絽𣿡
ûУֻһЩԱаٵ£
ǲ򿪣˵ʲô
ϧ˵
ɣܻ¶β͵ģ
˵
ʮӺϧ˵ٺֻˣһ̸⻹һСˣ

ҫԴӺʵҰٱҫҸ׾㣬˵СʱڶǾһȭˣ
ٿǰ˹
Сôǣǹȥˣҽ츺İȫͲȥҴ㸸ˣ򰲽ðɣ
λǻŵĸֻ䣬ҲȫȨڻϣ
С㰲ŵˣǷĵģ
ҫ˵Ȼػǲܱ䣬һҪģʲô飬ôһҿ޷ͷ
˵ļǣҰӴ򿪣
˵
ֻվһߣκͰҺ˽עǰǣͷģǰҵģֻֻҪ˹ؼɣ
Ȼּ츮ߣûʲôȥּҵĻ˽Ļղߣʹװŵ˺Ȼľ
ٵһ̣¿ӵʱ䣬˵޾ͷϵĴֻǰȫɣ
ȻȫӦԸһҶûȥ
һҶûô˵һҴˣ
٣ҴһǴС椿ȥˣֵҰæ£޾˵һģټ°
Ҳͺᣬ㲻ýţҰٺ꣬ܲ𣿡
˵һĽ׽Ѿˣٴγɹұ㽱ٷ֮һӶҲǴл⼸࣡
٣޾һǲͿأ
޾ٷ֮һӶپڰˣЩǮȥҲˡ
ֹȻֱʣĳ
ֻŰĵĹҲǹ֡
ǫˣѧҰٺеıȰԼӪز˾޿żо˽𣬿͸ծˣǻ㣬ΪΨһӣΪǰ֪̿Ĺ
˵
ֻôһ䣬ģԽȫˣĻԺҶ׬ǮѰ
Ǻǣˣ磬ϴҺ˵Ǽ飬㻹ǵðɣ
ļ
ϴֻڡǷúͰ棬ʱֻˣôܻⰲ˵ʲô
ϧҲ˾ͽϵ鰡
Ŷ鰡֣ɷģڣȻģǰ첻ǿôԼҲС
ֻ˵˵֮ǰҪԸӣǾȻҸ׵ģ㱣֤
ôǾ̫ˣ
ٵõֻı֤Ȼܿġ
ʱһԵҫѾһ°AK47ϸţ޾AKҿһˣǲ֪һǹȥʲôо
һ˵꣬ҫǵǹǹָƽ棬ӵ
ҫӵţźƽǴһǹ
飡
һ졣
˵ǹаɣ
ָвϲ
ҫ˵
Ǹֻ֣һǹ֪ǹеܣ
ʲôʮĶˣһ֪ˣСҺ⣡
ҫ֣װ
ƣٵĶΪ֪Ǵˡ
ϴԶһҿɴֻ
˶Ŀ⿴Ǽͻ
ҫеAKҲָǴ˭ҵĴʱ򿿰ʲôͼ
ǣѵĴ޴󰭵ģҿԵ
㵣
ҫǹָ޾Դʲô
޾ͷҲһҫǰһֻ硣
һ˲֮ͱѹȥ
޾Ҷĺ飬Ӧû⣡
޾ŵ˫ȶǰ
ã¹شҪǳʲô˭Ҳ𣡡
ҫǹ
ֻҪͷȥɻĺ֣ʱز⣬ߵģģ
˵
ֻҲͷҸ츮еλĸߣҼҵĻ
Ķӣ
ҫһʼûעֻ˿һҲΪȣ츮еĵλġ
ʧˣⵥǻŲӣ
˹޾Ŵӻˣ
ã㣡
ٵһ޾һ˹ȥģողǸôĵ㣿
٣ңҲ֪
޾һţֻŵ
С˭ôĿ
ҫ˵
λãС̫£ոնе
ֻϽ˵ϧո˵ʲôȥٸ㣬˵Բ𣡡
Բ𣿡
ϧͻȻЦ˼˵Ͱ˽𣬱ץţھȻҪ˵Բʲôʸ˵⻰
ƾ磡
ֻȵ
ǻŵܲã˵ʶӾǲӣ
ϧ˵
ʲôС˾
ҫȵĶǶˣͲضǣǻ˵ã
ּڲìܣŻԽģ
˵
ֻҲ˵ģȻƹܣʵϣҲּҵĳӵţ˵Ĳ㣡
㣬Ҹߴǹ˾Ա˵ˣҵ
ϧȵ
ͷνʼ磬Сѣ治ϣϣĲԼĵϵĶ࣬ҪǶϧ飬ҲǰҶڡ
ֻˣϧʲô˼ô˵Ҳ磬ôһӶôǰСȥҶװûûеģ
Ҳˣ磬ɥĲҿɲܿŸ׵İҵȫˣ
ּ츮ƴ󣬵Ǹɵ⣬Ҫֻ֪˽ǱץˣƱػᱻǣУʱ򣬶̩ң١
ŵ˭˵㣿
ҫ治ͷԭһ˳ȴû뵽Ŀ⿴˿ԶڰӲ𿪵㣬Уǹûм
ȻңŮ˲Ҹ׵ҰְˣҸֻһӣȻǴиֻģ
ֻȵ
ֻ˵ꡣ
飡
һӵǲֻͷƤ˼װϵģֻŵȶˣ˶Ŀ⿴ɳĮ֮ӥ㣬˵ǰֻCSɳĮ֮ӥ벻ģͣŶǸո߻ˣҿûô׼


1270 ⣡
û˻뵽ʱǹĬĽ;Ȼ߻߻ôôһӵ䱬ֻԴ
һġ
ϧҲһֻֻ˫̯˵ϣȻҲ֪ǹ⿪ǹͻȻ߻ġ
һǹñֻҰֵϧ˻Ȩ
ֻŵ˵ˡ
㣬һǹҪǴ˻磬¾ϧС㶼
ٺȵ
ΪŴİ߻𣬶ɱòãｻ׾ץˣٺ٣¹һ¾Ҫǹаɣ
ɳĮ֮ӥɣȫûܶǰٺҫˡ
㣬ұԣ̱㣡
˵
ʲôҵģ
ϧҲ˵
ֻŪ̱һԣҪ֪Ǹˣƽʱ¶ȥŪδ˾չ˿̵ԺУһֱŸղǿӵͷƤǰĸоĸо
ǣС㣬ҫ澴㸸ףȻǻŵܲãǿݶˣ
ҫú˳ϾϧҲŮǶǵȼڻԣС˿˵ˣǲЩ˵ȥ
ֻǩĶ޹أ
ϧ˵ֻ֪ҽԲ˳ȥȻǽ׾飬ҿֻ۱ֻۣ˵ȥ
Ҫˣ
˵ǻŲ⳥𣡡
ϧ˵
С㣡
ҫɫһ䣬ҫѾ˵û㣬ҲҲĻߺߣҶԲסˣ
ˣǼŵԱʲôӶ°ػϣ̳
˵
˭Ҷ˭̰˵һµн𶼲⳥ڻŶǴ˲µģǷ飬ǻŲܸɣ
ϧڹ˾УЩԱȻĺܣվԭأҲҶ
һ۵ϵֻҡҡͷСǽʱ̣ȻûվĶ
Ҳ֮ǰԸϧȫǳϧ˾¥̣Ҳ˽¹ˣΧвˣԸϧ½УǺͲˡ
С㣬ִˣҲҲˣҽƱҪߵģ
ҫȵҰСץ
ҫ̳ϧ˹ȥϻı飬˵ϧͬһŮˣƽʱڵҲѿġ
ҵ뿴˭Ҷ
Ҳ֪ʲôʱӰѾϧԣ磬ɢһֺ˵ƣǼҫ±ĸǰһЦִһֱҲִԼԼ˵Ҫ˭ϧ֣㲻ɱˣɱˣ̫˳ˣ˭ɱ˱ࣿ
ҫ涼Щȣڵϻ˲ֹʮˣʲôĽûмģȴδӵƵˣҪ֪ԷһǹǸˡ
ҫ濴ˣСӣмʵ⼸²֣ѵҪԶ֣
ҫ治оСӵƾһϵ棬һİ
ҫôһ˵ȫͷˣҪ֪ҫǶǶĺڵȭǰȻмֱ£ȴԲĶֻ֣Ҫҫ㣬ϧ֮һðѿŮҪץ˷ܵĲС
ߣҫǰɣڵϻɱˣʶľʹ˹ضǣĻ۳֣ȥ֮һĻᶼûˣ
Цҫľӣȴ·ֻҫһһɶɱ֮ϯҫ٣ԭսȭͷȴͬȻһķſˡ
ս֮
ҫ̲ס뵽ʣټҲֻһλϼңǱүүΪ
ǣ𣿡
ûаϴôˣ㻹𣿡
ҫ棬Ǳ۵Ĵֻ֮Ϣʱ俼ǣߣҪ֮أ
ҫһ˲֮ɫȫͱɫļ·׷ײ⣬ϴ㲻֣˰
ߣ
ҫҿһۣ±ɱһֿ־嵽µı֡
ϴûиɣ
ˣ
ٸԼĶ䣬ԭѾƻ˴ҪȥϧޱŮˣڿɺãҫҪˣʲôЦһȭ֣Է͵ɼۣ뿪
ҸոյϢʱҪ̫⣬ǲˣС㣬һ飡
ҫͷβر˵⻰¾ʱҴҫ𺳲붨ʲôֶΣʶλǿߣҲֶΣԼǰͬ϶롣
ҫ𺳲嶼̲סҪǿλǰĴڣ嶼Ҫ١ǰʲôʵֵܵ
ҫ뿪ʼ磬һﵹʶࡣ㵹ûɱȲ磬ӦĹܲɱ˾ɱ
ұϾһе£ԵļһԼ
ϧҲȻڵأõȻ϶ҫĶ֣ʱҲֻ⽻׳ɹȻȷԷ㣬ȥٴӳ顣
ڣҫȻʹˣô׾ˡ
Ǽ
ƿʲôǵĴأһ㶼ãģ֪ǰһʧô
ŵԱ˳ͷ飬Ҽ̣
ϧ˵
ЩԱ̾ˡ
Ȼӣϧ㶼£Ǵ˿ҫ涼Ѿȥʧֲˡ
οͷ˶࣬ϧʲôʧ֪ˣ°Ҳ鷳
磬õ˰ɣ
˵
ǿ£ղһΪһˣңϧôãȻСǹɱңҲŲʲô߻ĹأҪС׼һĻҾˣ
ֻŻվָ˵ɫ
ãаҵãǣղԼ˵Ұģ죬㵱磬飬ͱˣ
ϧ˵ֻסһΣٸҷִұȻĸ֮ܲλǵʱʹǸףҲȨģ
һ仰ֻٴȥ
ҪγѧŻ᲻ȥţĻƾûа飬ֱϸ֮ܲλ
⸱֮ܲλϧ˻ȥôּҵļλһ첻һ죬ϧ
ǾԲֵġ
˿Ȼʹϧȴǲа¶ԣڵϧסˣã֪δˣԺúð˾ģСŶ㣬ղŲɱңѵӲѵϣ类ɱ𣿡
߻ģ
ϧ˵
ոǽʲôҫ涪µAK47ÿСүˣǸ˭ǰɣǹ͸СүΣľǮ㶼ˣôСɣ
ͻȻ˵
Żֻ㣬Ҷǹ
ôСү߻ˣ
ǹЦ
ţˣ㣬ǹºðɣ
ֻ˵
͵ΪֹֻҷȰһ䣬߳࣬īߺڣ
ϧ˵Ǻһȥ


1271 
ϣҫɫȻɫģ˺üµݵˮƺǳҪйеԹ
ϴ󣬵ô°ղֻҪС椣ǵôǿǶǵĹҲ޷ǣʱ֮ززðҵȥǲƨɰɣ
ΪҲôǸǸˣ
ҫ̾û뵽ˣ
ˣϴǶǵȭʲôֻ˼ɵ
ǣʲôֻһȭͷԷˣոǸ㣬ܾܿǴ˵еǿߣ
ҫ˵
ʲô
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ֻǱ۱ϾǴǿдƷҪ֮ǿᣬСվв࣬Ժһ飡ĹֻҪǵҷɣ
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ˮ˵⹫˾İŮ治٣С֪ܵĴˣᳯۣ磬˵ܵĹϵܰƺסĵطһ飡
ܣզŽأ
㲻Ŀǰĵİٸٺ٣㵹Ǹ
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ǰٸ˶ظҵƬӪģԺлһԷţ
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װʦֿɲôûòΪ˶һ޳ܲҪ
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СϧΪ˼ල㣬ҲȥϷ˾ЩУҲûʲô飡
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1274 һȼҶ
Щ㶼ڹ˾˵ǵһεôĹٶ統г۳ưԲͬһȫͬ顣
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Ǽǹܽǹ͹֪ڹ˾˭󲻣ֻǸϵĸܰˣ򰡣˾滹ǹܵģ˵оͲУĻǾͿˣ
ڣƺҪǴȥ
ס֣
ȵǸո˵ʲô

û뵽ȻˣһӴ˵㣬˵û㱾ǿϵģѵ˵ô
վߣ֪ΪʲôȻͦ汾£ǶǩԼϷԱǾȻҪְǸߣлô
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䣬һᣬǵǸ
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鷢ˣǼеͬһʱ̶Զѣϣʹѡ
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ȴŭѣСˣǰƢɱ˸ɾ
ǲҪżӦǵģһгŵ
ȵȥҹ


1275 ˾ͽϣ
ڰ칫˾ֻ绰˵ʱ򣬴ȴǱ߿
㣬
ʵ֪϶ȴû뵽ԷᷢôĻ
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ʲôͣǸһȼҶϷҸо̫УûҪˣ
䣡
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뵽ôܴ֮ˣֻҲԲ
㣬㲻Ҫҡң
˵
ȵ
˿̺ܶ๫˾˶Χ⣬벻㾹Ȼô˵ѵ
ܾ
⻹ǿٵصͷһء
ǣǱֹǩԼϷģ
˭
֣ܵĴ磬ֻ
һйؿڣֱײǽϣʹǸɽţǽڶҲֻ˵Ƥˣ˼߹ǰˡ
ŭδû뵽ֻȻԸѾ쵽Ϸ˾
һЩСĽѵͲѧԣˣǷ
ϣǻŵϷ˾࿪Ĺ˾ֻĹ˾Ч治ãˣ
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˾ͽϣ˾ͽ߻һˣҲǴʮ꣬һɫƷĿⲻмƺŲ
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ܹо˵Ĳͬɽͬɽݵеߣͼɣǰȴһ
ȻͬȴҲ㹻ǿһֱڴŵϵ֣߳벻ȻżȻˡ
Ŀ̽ˣ˶˿ûв
ָܣܣҪ

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ЦȻıλֵΣ
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ϧʱ֪һ㣬ĿԼ֮粻ʲôϣȻĸҲȷʵϧίԼӦ¡
ֻһǰ˾ͽǰ츮жʱϧȴԲɸˣҸ֪˾ͽϣһ֮顣
˾ͽУϧŮһĴڣϧվһ飬Żоĳʵ
ϧղǰһԾǻǰˣʲôϵ
˾ͽüЩˡ
᣿ã㲻Ҫ̫ˣ˻ᰡ
ⲻᣬǹҴ򣡡
߽˵
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˾ͽ˵ϧ֧˵һõĹ˾ܾȻȫΪ˾ǰǣ˱Ӧõģ
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ܣٸһλᰡ֪ζҲãܣҲ˵˵鰡
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ݺңˣ
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һССľˣУֻ󡣬ѵҲⲻɣ
˾ͽϺȵ
˾ͽԵҲǺȵүҪ¶ֱ֣˵ǣѵç򣬾֮ͣ


1276 Ůǲϧ
ϴŰ˵ƣƺûа
ҪѵĻһѵˣ
ϧ˵
ʦСԳ֣˵ҲҪˣȻţȴɲѵ˾ͽȻʰ㣬ɼϧΪ˵վסˣϾԸϧϧȻ֤޾ݣҿ˰ɣ⾭ҪֻʵЩҲΪҸղŵеǸ
ǣǸôЦǺҲҪ㲻أ
㣬ôĵӣ
ʦȵɢһƣڳ˶о쬵ġ
ȴǳ⣬Ƶоƽһ㣬硣
˰䣬ʦһۣСһΪжأ
ʦȻͺǳߣ˾ͽǺмӣΪ˾ͽϵڣ츮ǲʲôֵġ
ղһ£Ѿȷ㣬Ҳʲôͨˡ
ӣʦЩľȻ㲻ʲôҲûмʶΪǿ֮ˣЩȴԶɲ⡣ոɨһۣļµĸоδеĸо
׸ЩһʱҲҶ֡
㣬Ҷ˵͵˽ˣҳȥл˵ϧԿ˵
ҡҡͷ׸գ˾ͽ϶԰ɣˣ
ǰϱ覴ñر֮ˣڵϣٻҪѭķɣ£Էû˵ʼҲν治ϡ
㣬֪㲻ˣҪֻ˾ͽϺܻܿǺ㣬˾ͽǴң嵱еĸֺܶ࣬Ȼʱ׷ɱ±ס㣡
Ҳ˵
ʲô
֪СδѾܲˬˣٿװƵӣͺˣ
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꣬иӿɬˣϧʵԼһֱߡ֪˵ֻϧжѣ˭һ£ԼϧһλãҲŰɣֻϧţڴһĵ

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׸˵
ʦߣ㶼˵Ǹ֣
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ʲôҲԸˣ
˾ͽϾȡ
ҲһЩһɰ֮㲢ûбֳʵֻƻˣ׸ձնɱͣӦò̫ǿҵʱҲö֣´ǲڣȥǳ
׸˵
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ֻҽ쿴ϧ֮ܲ䲻ʲôϵɣ
ϸ磬Ѿסһˣ
ʲôסһˣˣ
˾ͽϺȵ
ϸģҲֻǰСˣֻһŮˣϸ絽ʱ˻飬ˣ
벻ϧȻҲˣ
˾ͽҡҡͷҵΪĴϲģû뵽˽Ȼô㣡ʧ
û˵һ󡣬Ҫõģ
㣬ȻҵŮˣǲˣ
˾ͽ˵ϧңҲ֪˾ͽϵ³
ֻֿ˻ֻҪ˾ͽϽ㣬ٱϧôּҵĵλܹʯˡ
ϸ磬ȲҪΪЩ鷳ˣҽ˼Ĺˣ

ˣ˳ľܾλã㾪ȵǣϢȻûа㷴ԣѵѾͷѾʸôúпܣԼϾһޱȵ
ȻδһôϷ˾ڹǰһרҵܶ鶼Ҫģ첻ղҹķܶ3DԽϷһȼҶҲзԱ˲ľڣϣҲǺȫ˾ԱһͬϷЧ
㣬Ǿ˲٣ǰͬˣ
ϧ˵
ͬˣĶͬ˰ǲԽԽ˧ˣ
Ц
û˵ɣ
ϧ˵Ҹһȥʱ㲻Ҫֻìܣ֪֪
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㣬ҲҪȻͲҪȥˣ
ͷӦ֪ˣ
˸սּңĸǼϧֻ֣˼ң迴ûݣ
裬ʱڼһðɣ
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ǲ뾭ؼңֻǣܸоЩ룬˵ãѾϰǰǸˡ
پңһŮˣܲ
ϧ˰ֲүôˣó˼ȣðҲҸϧͿҪˣҶ˾ͽ˾ͽϣɲŮòܵˣ
ڲԶŮ˴¥һθϧȴ˵˹ûʣѹСϧؼˣʲôĸʲôĺӣֻ衣
㣬ˣҲʡˣҲܹˣǺǣ
ĸ˵
ãô˵С˵ϧЩʱΪ̫㰡
̣㲻ҪѪ˺òãϧ¹䣬ʲôʱΪˣ
ϧ˵ҲҪٻؼұǣ㲻Ҫ˵ЩҵĻ赣ģ
ϧҪûֺ˽ţ
÷Ц
㣬ϧǺúӣС϶ǿˣϧԲģ
ĸֵ
ûߵǸСھˣϴͷСۿڳȣ˻סһ飬ڵͬӣ˵ܷʲô飡
ĸ㡣
˼ͷɣ
˵Ůǲϧ
˭
÷ȡ
Ȼ㣬㣬ѵǸС˲ҹҺϧվԱΪѷ磬û뵽㷴ҧһڡ
ʹ޵˵


1277 Ϊɾţ
ﲻݣ
÷ȫû뵽ᵹһңСӲǸڰˣȻš
ϧıڣ۸ˣӦùּң÷ȵ
ֵ̣ô˵ϧ˵
֪˭̱أʼ硣
㣡ãŮԽԽˣżһŮͬӣҪǳʲô飬ҿ±ôŶ÷˵

һ˵¥ϴ죬ϧƷʣС÷㲻Ҫȥϧ飡ʱ䣬ǺúõĽ̽Сɣ
үСôˣ
ǰ죬ھưɺȾƣ±ҵ¿ˣСӣҪҲ֪Զ㣬Ƕӣ
˵
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ߣæ˾飬ֻǳȥɫȮȵϧڹ˾Σ
аɣϧ˵
ֲѣֱӰѴ˱ǣÿҵĸܣ˵
ϧĸ׵ǹֻϧֻǸ뵽
ϧ˵ǰˣô
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ϵˣ⺢ҲǣˣҲңҡҡͷ
үүˣһܽ˵
üͷȻǰķ
֣㿴Ұ˭ˣ
ֻһű˵ŵ˾ͽϣλ׸ա
׸һע⵽㣬ߵһЦСϧѡؼҵʱ治ãƤҩˡ
壬̣ˣ˾ͽϹ˵ǫǫӡ
ϣúã£
ϽϲɫСѵͺһô
Ȼ֣ھưɵǸᣬ˵ҹȻǶ̩ǧȻҾͺǴˣǺϸ쿪ңҺ̽˲ٵľӪֻ֮˵
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˾ͽϵͷ壬ҿ֤
Ӱ۰һֹȫķǡ
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˵úã˵˾ϵĹ۸кܺãϧͶԷ顣
壬ҽϧģ
˾ͽóһöӨ͸䣬һЦϧԸӦ𣿡
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У㲻ܼ޸
ڼ˴ߴϧʱͻȻվ˳һ仰üȫȰĿ㣬ֻ˵˵ʲôأ֪֪ԼݣһڰˣòҪ޸ϸ磬ڸЦ𣿡
Сӣּңĵ̣ǸҪΪԼ˵Ļ𣡡
ȵһٱڶ˽ǲ
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յĶ̩츮е֮һȻߵҲǶЩ⡣ͨ˵ˣЩη
㣬֪ЩվͨˣӮǣûʲôýģʦĸ֣ҳս֪ߵغ㣬Ҳ˾ͽ͸˵һ
׸ɫЩ˸һˣȻţǰ㣬һĥ͸ĸ֡
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Ц´һɰ׸չֳģһµİԵ
Сӣ
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㣬Сģ
ϧĵϾһ׸Ѿչֳǳ˵ʵˣݵأ书ҲֻеӵӰܹˡ
˵ɹû㲻ΪȻ˵֮䣬ֱһɨ˳ȥ޻Σֱӳ˳ȥ
䣡
ôһ˶Բ۾Ŀ㡣ǲ֮ɫ
ֻǲŵҡͷ
ôܣϸ磬㲻˵ʦʤôʦôܱСһߵĹʺ˼ںѪ
ģⲻܰʦղǷһ϶ܱɱİ⣬ô

ߵѾſڵѪ׸ǰһ㤣ȫû뵽ȫһȻô׾ͱһŸˣʵֲ¶ġֵĿߵǰ㡣
Ϊɾͺţ𣿡
㵭˵һ㵵˾ͽϣЩˣɵԽߣˤñԽݣ
ߵϧԣùŵĽָžһָյķ顣
ϧ飬Ҳ㶩


1278 Ů
ǰվȺ룬ҪӴ˱ܹоеǹɰ
츮е˿̶㡣
ϧ룬ѽָһ˲䣬ȫˣȫ벻ôԵ񣬾Ȼ׵棬˻飡ңôǿ
ȻְԵȴϧһֵСҸҸǰҲܹ
㣬ϧ㶼ѾˣѵҪڣ˾ͽ˵
û˵ķ֣
һǸմ˾ͽϵϣžһ˾ͽϱȷɳȥϺף³ѪҺ
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Ȼסؿڣɫͻ䣬١
ӡкϧ˵ಡ֢״Ͻַסĺ󱳣壬Ī
챻һо˲ɢ֪ԼಡȻΪҪڱıԵû뵽ͱһͼ࣬оһ޸塣
̲֮࣬ס㣬ֺѾԶ㣬ǺҲȻ
Ҳǵһ
үû°ɣոˣ
÷˵
ԺúùܹӣǷǣҪһֱȨܲԺ˾ûķݡ˵
һ˵ֻȥոձ鶼ˣⲻľʹֵĹĴˣֻ仰ֻ̡
ּҵĲƲԺҪ䵽ϧͷϣֻܹܵˣ
֣ҪôãҲû˵ľҪһ׮¸˵ôҪ֪˾ͽǿ֪˻飬ǻḲǼ壡
ͬҲĵ飬ֻյľʲôϧ޸˾ͽϣֻǶҲС
ǵģ˾ͽϣȥ㸸ףⵥ£ּұ˵ˣ˾ͽʲôĵط츮бǣȵ죬ҲŴģ
֣ϧĸжϧĺһ֣һҵ˶ʮ꣡һжֵˣ
㿴վںĸѾ͵͵ᣬЩ굱Уĸίܵģǿྡϧ֮Ĺϵźõķչˡ
׸ռѴӵղҲأֻ˴ˣûеҪĵزϱһƵ˾ͽϣүˣǻ߰ɣ
ʹ
˾ͽ˵죬϶˾ͽЩôôȻʱ˻飬֪˾ͽҸּң練𣿡
練ƣߣ
ͳһɫǹžһӵ˾ͽϽµĵذϣ˾ͽңĻһӵԴϴ
˾ͽϵϽ׸Ǳܵˣģ죬ϧ㣬˾ͽϷһᱨģһᣡ
ĸӣ÷ֻͬ乬һ۶ûпǡ
һܰĻ棬Сϧȥ֣֮˵
㣬죬ллˣϧͷ
飬Ҷжˣȥɣ֪һ죡
ϧظһ˵ûϵĵӣͻȻһ˲䣬ʧһ㡣
ǰ˫˫ȥ飬ʹϧһӱˣжʱ䣬Ҫɱֻ뵽ҪˣôĸϽ¶һˣΪĸףҲҪš
֮ҪϧĸȲѰϧ˵˳ϧȻ죬Ϊĸǰǹɺء
ϧĲȷʵ΢ϧеĺ٣Ҳڲϲ˾ͽϵ½Ż£ǷģҪĸּһĸõ㣬ԼνˣĿİһ̣ԭڰͯѾ׻ٵˡ
죬ѾȾϧģҲϧʵĺһ߽֡ӣѾϣĸ˵ȥ裬Ǻúģ
ϧ
ϧͷ֣ˣõô
ŮģصĲҲģ
ЦȻǿģϧ㲻֪һ죬˶ãҶϣܺͬŮһ죬Ϊˣ㶼ԭҵģȴû뵽
ϧĬ
ɵӣְûй㣬ְ־ÿǷĸ࣬Ǿǰ飬ȥôԺΨһĽ
֣ҲҵĽ
ϧ˵
ĵһ죡
֣ҿ˾ͽ壬ǼĴ󣬿ǲǶ֣
ϧüֻҪΪˣ
˵˾ͽȻǴңȴ츮Χ·;ңԶңҺ˾ͽϵĸЩ飬ҾӦò¶Ҫּң˵Ҷ̩ǧҲǳصģҪǱƴ˭˭һأ
˵ˣϧǸ㵽ʲôͷܹ׸ߣȷʵ
ҲҲżȻģȻұڣȴǲ֪֤ûУ
֤ûУ
Щɣ漴ȴ˵Ȼ˵Ļ㣬ҲǻˣϧϹˣҾܲ򵥣ֻ֮Ҳް˽ӽ㣬Ҳ֪ʲô뷨
֣ˣȻ֣ȴǾԵĺˣҿ㱣֤
ȻŮѵϲ˼ˣ
Ц

ϧ΢죬Ҳ֪ЩʲôԺȡ̲סһӰ


1279 
ϧߺһӰȴԣ˴ź£Ŷ񣬿òˡ
ӥղŷ飬㶼ɣ
ǣ
Сӥ˶ϹϾ
ˣô
ɲ⣡
ӥصͷ
㶼ɲ⣿ʮ꣬һδ۹һˣ
˵
׸գⲢ棬׸ձϾֻAߣAҲͼߣҲֻ۸һЩͨˣǣһɺ׵İɰڲʵʵҲ޷̽׵˺־磡
ôֲ
㵱ʱಡЩҪˣҶѾ׼óˣҲֻĺ󱳣ಡˣɼжôǿ٣
㶼ô
ıǲʹ粻ߣԽǿ󣬾ԽǸǿÿΪסʵ̫ˣ͡
ǣһˣ֮ǰϧһֵ֡ˣ
ּϣǶ̩ǧ֧㵹ˣ̩ң
ӥ㲻ҪģӲĺܣ츮Ǻ
ȻڲϵѵʿҲڼӽݵľӢѵƺѾǰΪǸӣ׼
ӥ̩ѵҲ£ҺҶ̽̽ǵĵӣ
Ҳǿܹļڰ統еĹӶôϣˣ
Ӷ
˶ͳΪߣȻطзͬǱ߾ͻߣһЩŷ޵йӶɱ֣Ƕߣڰ磬һɱ¾磬߶кڰѶԸ
ӥǴӺڰӳģ
˵
˵ļǣڰ磬ֲֿǲһ˿Դĵط
ӥ˵Ȼȥڰ統еߣҲвߵԼɣǵҲи֣
ߵ磬棡
ҲĹأնɱͨˣĻǱ鵽ͺ鷳˵ؽڰ磡
ܹܵסǣ
ϻᣬǵжǶ֣иþ飬רЩ˴ߣץˣܿһӶںڰ磬ܾ޾ɱ¾
ҵǼϣ£㣡
˵ֻŮ˵֤ûУҺܻʲôĿģ
˼Ҳĵô
˼ϾŮİΣʲôҪ
һעСģģ
ţӥ°ɣǸҲ쵽ˣһڴɣ
˵꣬ӥͬһӰһʧڡ

һлָ»ص˼Ϸ˾ȻҲˣҲ֪ô£⼸ûкϧϵ
Ҳû˽飬ȻΪ˾ʡ֧룬ʵҲƯŮ˵ˣΨһôˡ
һȼҶѾĺ覴ˣ͵¾ʲôʱʼˣ

˵
ʱڿεڣܶ๫˾ûйʲôΣǳʱ򹫲⣬Сһѣ
Ҳ˵СеĿкܴ
С𻹲ôҪ֪ڹܹӯĶˣǴΣĿʲô
ʲô
˵
Ȼ۰Nġħ硷
һ񻰣
˵
ʲô⣬ⲻܰѩ˾ԡħ硷ϷѾ˼£ȺҲѾȶһˣ뷨
Ҫãһ磡
ǡ
ûʲôǵˣǻĹӵϷȺһϷȻһôϵĹϷѵоûеƢ𣿡
˵ȻҲûָһ죬εĵһɣ
Ҫʲôʱ򹫲⣿

˵ҪһĳȻȥĿԱĵȴɣһǵĿɹܵģĳŵ
˵ͷ뿪˰칫ҡ
ܲ
֮ѣڵ죬һҴѧ䣬ݲðģ˭ֲģ̸ңһ뿪ģ
Ȼѡ˳ΪҵˣҪԵһݿ࣬ྡŽʧģ
Ȼȭȭ£ҲǿֲҵʦҲҵļɱһֻͻ飬츮лΪ
ɽȫ
һЩսҵĳԱɽٺǽһЩĹԼʷ
ʦãʦҴݣѧģôϷ׵磡
⼸챻ְץݣеģѵԶˣʦ֣鷳ְ֣߰ôûWIFIأ涼WIFIأ
ѧ֮ˣֻ棬㻹ԣҪ
ִ
׵磬Ϸ㾭ڰ칫ģ֮Աǣȴû뵽ҲϲģǼһȻû˵׵ǵϷ֮治ᣡ
Ӵã벻㻹Ǹƨ氡ʲôϷҲ棬㻹ҪҪ
Ȼڶ֣߳ȵĻͷôˣ
Ҿ
Ц
ɽһˬ㣬ֻӬҲ֪ǲϲҵöĲźá
Уңҿ϶û£
Ļãĺ£
˵˧ģ
˧磬أ
ЩСա
ѵû˧ô
£㣬СϳԵķҪ³ˣ
˵˵ʲô°ɣܷɻ㺦Ĵˣǣ
ɻԺٴҵæ
˵Ҫһ಻Ȼֲˣ
һȡ
ң֪ˣҪһ𣿡
ޣϱˣݵǲ࣡
ͻȻߵɽ
Ҳһɽ˵ã͵ǱҲðæ
ãСҪʲô
Ϊ˾ȻûǱ㣬費Ҫ𣿡
ḡ
ɽҡͷ
ǺðɣҰʣɽʦ֣ԸԸæ
˵
Ը⣬ԲԸ⣬Сܴң
ɽȵͿ㲻ˬˣղһͨҪѵͷʹ֪㲻׶Ը


1280 
ɽСݳû̫ѧʣ˻Ե·ˣȴǵ͵ȭͷ˵ˣĹҾģĻ͸ҹ
㵹ͦϲԸļһ򽻵ЦЦȷҪҴ򣿡
㲻ҪҰôֻҪӮңҾͰ㣬ɽӲʳԣ
Ȼ㳤ú˵ɣ˵Ƿ˵ı׼
˵
ϻ˵Ҫٶȣˣ͹ȥԺҪ̤ݣ
ľ⣡
ѧѧеԣûһ˿ţһ˵ʦ֣ǵ㵽ΪֹУҪ˺
ȻӡĹۣ˵׻ɽģҲɽʤϴһ㡣
ɽʦҪˣҶ
ݵĳԱ׷׺Ҫ֪ɽпźܸߵģ֣ȻкܶԱҪմ֡
Ҫˣɾˣң
˵
ģ£
ɽһֱȭȭͷֱ㣬ܿ˹ȥȭ㶼ܿǲһͰɽ׻ܣҪɽмʵ
ĽʧɽҲһߣﲻ׸ǰߵˮƽ
ֻû֣
ɽ˵Ǻˣһȭ˳ȥ˭ֱ֪ۻУȻá
ͺסһ㡣

ɽ˲˻䣬ɽĵȥˡ
ɽȻˣ⵹ǳ˾˵뷨ҲûпɽΪʲôģΪһʼɽƵİ㲻ǻô
ˣʵ
һصţǸоһǿԼһȭ
飡
ֳƣȭȥһ죬ȭ˼Ҳһ״
Ȼߣûп
ְ֣ô˰
˵
ʦһǵһοȭûаѶԷѹܹӮɽʦ֣ȷмʵ
ͨ˾ǵһȭģȴǿԣҲûʹʮȭĻҲȻܳܵģ
˵
úЦ˻治ĸװŮֱһƢ˿֮Ϊ˰æҪ̫ߵװɵȭģȴû뵽һΪûб£Ц
ɽôֺ˶ˣô£
˵
ߣҼˣ
ɽ˵
֣ѣɽʦְæģҲ֪ɽʦֵƢǾдһ£Ҳ˰
ԭѾͷ°ˣ
ҿ㣬㣬ݣôǰҵͽܣⲻ²̨´ȥջ˭ѧ䣿ң츮лȥ
Σͽܱ𣿡
㵭˵ûбҵס
ðĸԣʱĸоҵǾ߸Ӧõ͵㣬Ļܻܿ鷳ģ
Ҳߣ
ҡҡͷ
㲻ǣ
ҲܣߣֻһĻôܵ¸ղȭ
ô˵ɽԸĻ䣿
ʵ

ɽصͷ
ߣ
ɽһ֮γȥ
ҵͽܣҪҵߣ㣬ΪҲҶԸ㣿
ҵͳ˼֡
˵㣬Ұַˣ㲻Ҫ
ʦˣԸķ䣬ҶȻӮģģ
ɽ˵
У
Һȵһȭ㣬㣬ҲһߣʵѾﵽS𣬲A߿ԶԸģ
ҿSBģ
һƾͰҴһȣ˵֣û°ɣѽҲ̫㰡ʹ㹦ҲǺǵģ
Ȼʧɫǿɽ߳ݡ
ݵв˶ȻǸԸΪûʹȫûסġ
ղʹʮȭȴȻκβ㣬ʲôȼôǿ츮ʲôʱһĸ֣治֪ĸģ
пʲô·
ϧıڣҲһϷ˾ľЩ˻õģ
Ȼּң
θУ츮壬ӵһֱ֮ףּھ̷޿ƥУ̩ǧ쳹츮ڶݣͺ˽ȴǻѹƵĺܡ
ߣƴ£ĶΪֻʵǿˣ㲻۸㡣
һҶ͸ظ֣ȻּҴǿһ㣬Ҳ뿴ġ
ֻҲʵּҲûϵҰ̾һҲ쵽ˣʱǷٲʢίȫȫһˣ

Ϸ˾
ʲôҿɲǸһеģ
ɽ˵
ȥ
óһļ
ʲô籾Ҫұ籾ô
Ҳ㣬Ҳûһеģ籾ұĹ죬Ȼаţ
㣡㣡
Ըķ䣬ֻҪҲɷǷĹͱȥ
ʱɽ˵ұˣ
㿴츳˵Ǹһеأ
һͨ绰һˣʵʲô鰡
ȥ츮Ľֵ
ȥʲô
ոձĶݳ
˵
ʲôҪϷ
ɽ֪ˣұǡһȼҶľ籾һʲô˴Խ統ҶȻִԽԸȥ
㱿ǵøұݵĺõ㣬ǵãǸԽߣ
ģҪ֪Ҹҿ϶ģ
ΪĵӾ簡ǰԤģ
ЦЦ
ɽִ֮˼ͨýĵ绰
ʱһ˵ڸý嶼Ѿȱ˼ҶԽ¼ŽţȫԽߵĻ⣡
ϣ
˵
ֲô˵Ϸһܹ벻ȻѾǰôİ취һô꣬һһˣ
ֻǿʼ
˵
ǵģý幥糱ʱٰѡһȼҶϷƳȥ⣬ŵʱȫǵˣϷģ
ǿģǰЩϬ磬㶼ģϷҲӦóҪȻô𣿡
Ц
벻ͨڴԽϷѾˣΪʲôһ»ñţأҪ֪ûж˻ȥԸдԽµģ
Ϊʵ
˸̡
ʵ
ǣҪǸԸ𣿡
㵭˵
˾ȵͶˡ


1281 쭳
صԢϧ˵㣬ӣ
Ҳῴţ
Ⱥе𣿡
㿴ŵ棬ɽİıţȻȫž籾ģ󣬲Χ۵Ⱥڲţ¶ֹ
ﰵЦɽȷʵЧ֮ˡ
㿴Ҹﰡ
¶ûϵɽ˵ĿǾ籾Ϸļһģһ
ǿɺ
㿴ϧ˵ˣҸ¶ҰŵĲ٣ݵôͲҽ̵ˣ
㻹˼˵ɽպ̧ͷ
˭˵ģǰ֪ȰԺ˶֪ǴԽ߰Ϸ֮һϷˣ
˵㻹ñˣϧҡҡͷ
ãСϧǸܲãҲ֪̳ô£ңɽԸɵģҿûбһֱһˣ˵
ˣϣɽҪܵӰ죬ЩȺҲǵģȻ󻹶Ļţһִ˱ˣȻܵȥʲôСļҶư磬صʲôԿ⣬Ȼţϧ
㵹ǲ֪˵ЩʲôϧȻǲʵģã͵ǰϵ˰ɣʱҲûϧᡣ
ô˵Ϸľ籾ˣ
е㣬Ҿ㲻ң
˵ǵĻҿǸղŵĲģ
ȥϧ˵ӡ

һ˵Сϧ˵Ҳڹݰݣ
أǸɱأСϧ㵽ȥˣ
Ǳ뺷оȻһˮ
ȥˣ
ϧգ㻹ǴҪ˶ܲµҪ㱻ץҪͱϼ
ȥǰɣСţҾͲ
ˮһ壬ˮûвϣƲСϧʲôľͷģ治
Σ
ϧƢлú˵ϵĴѵӹﰡ
㿴ûӰ֪֪ʦָʲôȻʦֺֻһڳȻʦֱһֱ˵Ըķ䣬֪϶ǺܲˬģʦֶҶɽ˵ʲôҲҪֻع˵
㣬Ҳ̫ˣãأҲ磬Ȼȥˣʰ
У
˵첻ұ㲻ˣ
ϧҲû취
СϧǸҲǸ̥ӱ̬ԼǸܾˣֻ䣬Ҫ治㣡


֪ڹԢǲܻصģǸСħŮָɳʲôҰʹӴⷭ˳ȥӵ³óʱݣֱӾͿ˳ȥ
СϧͻȻ˵
Ҷûأ
ǱʱǸ㣬ȻҪܵ
Уʲôһֱܹĳһ㣬ΪٲΪ
Ҫȥﰡϧ˵
ͷϧ˵һΪҪȥ׷أͨˣ
õСҪ
㿪ų̣ӡ׺֪жô⣬ŽҪȥĸҹ£ϾЩ궼磬ȷʵûҹô߼ĵطżζҹĸоҲá
ȻȴͻȻӺӾ棬һɫ
ȥı
С椻Ǹƨ棬ܱ׷ٵðɣҪ棬Ҿ棡
㿪ʼһ쭳˸ףЩĿҲȷʵ
ҹʲôĻ´ȥɣȰС˦˵
һ·򱱣
һӣߣȻѾСսˣҾӮһΣ
ѡ·ߺϴȫͬһͨ
񾭲ѵ֪Ǹ쭳ôӣʲô˶Уҵĺܣ
ҡҡͷҪ֪Ϊ˳Ϸųܽ׵ġһ·򱱡ѡıҪ

츮ҵһط
˵һЩҹңЩϾڵģⱱȴ⣬Ǹʵĵ쭳
и̨ȫҡ֣
̨棬һźγܳӦоУȻҲQQֵ͵Ͼ쭳ãû˭涨ܿQQȥ쭳
־ŵ׼ʱڳڵ˶׷³ЩһͿҪ˵˶ѿӸϽѿϵóţɼֵħ
ŮŲ̊趯֮֫ܣһЩŰ˿ˣûۡ
̨֮ϣһˣȫ׻ǲ֪ǲ˸ȸ˷磬ڸֵĽʱʱĳš
ǵ쭳һˣ˶ϲ磡
٣ǵ쭳ӣǵ
̨µ̸żŤ
ЩУ඼ǻ죬Ҳ죬ǴѹȤġ
磬ѾĲҪ£˵ıôȰɣ
һŮȻ³˳򼦸磬߷ЦС椣Ҽǵģˣڴˣ
ϻ˵ıʮܳ˭ȵִﱱɽۣ֮˭Ӯң
ӮˣԸʲô
κһŮˣ

磬ҪŶҿֻ׼ˣ
㼦ѾưԵ쭳ʮˣûҵĶ֣
ǰŮŮƯһҲκγֶߵģʵظ˵ģûһ˲Ϊ֮񣬼Ҳ⡣
ʮܳѾִϡ
ûκιֻҪ˭ִյ㣬˭Ӯ
ڼײײУҲûйϵҶѰҴ̼ϵù
磬һҪʧŶ
׼ϳŮ׵üۣ׼߹ȥ§סһ˭֪˿̣γӲԶ˹
ɫϤ
˵꣬˳ǰסҲε˳
㣬ܰ㲻ϲܵôôڻǱ׷ˣ
İɣҲϲ㣬ô׷ңҲģ˵
㣡
µ˵
С㣡
˵㻹ǵô
С
˵ŶԲ𣬶Բȷʵʲôˣ
ȿȣС㣬ϸһαѵôʱܳ˵һĳɼֻΪǸˣһŮߵʱͿˣ
˵ҲŲ鵽ԭҵС㣬
С㣬Ǵα㣬һֱҪһٱһߣˣ
Ǵ֪Ů֮󣬸Ǿܸ߳УһˣȻŮ˶쭲
ãҾͲˣţסҪӮ˵Ļ߰ɣʡĳԿǣЦЦ


1282 й
ҪתֱǴȥҡҡͷ᲻ң
˵ûЦ
᲻ҰҾ￴ǱȣҲ뿪ģ
γһˮţпϱȻ£С㣬Ӧ𣿡
лú˵ɰôˣɶ
С椻İ㵽Ҫ
С鷳ճһλҲҪμӵ쭳ָ㡣
û⣡
һ˵磬㲻Ǵ˳ɣÿζμӰ

ȻͳһѴ󿳵ֱָǼһ̰ѳˡ
Կʼˣ˵
㲻ҪҲμ쭳ɣ֪ǻģССϧһȥչ㶮𣿡˵
ȥţָӣͲСϧȻбСչˣģ
ͬʱϳʵҲͦ쭳ĿеģǸᣬȻ쭳Ǻܸߣ츳ߣղźܵһȦʵû١
ҲΪ㣬ʽĳٽһ˵׳գһֻ䣬üС˵ɣ
˵ϻˣȻˣʲô˵ģ
װģһҪŶҽֻأλȫɧԸеŮ˶ż˵

Ҳ֪˭һʮͬʱ
Ҹ㣬ⱱɽǳ֮ɽÿĩ쭳˵
𣿡
츮һɽһûƯƺã¾ͻɳȥֱײ
ϴλӮˣ
ܶ೵ӶѾˣǡûгֹϣԾ͵˸һ
˵Ǵ֮ҲΧۣҲ֪жôˣЩ֣ǽӽְҵˮ׼ǸСְҵˮ׼Щ˶ǳ˵һײĳˣ
ž
ĳӹȻײƨɡ
ôˣ
ѻ죡
׵һԣʼרעһԽͨĸ֣Ȼﱻ۵СײƨɣЩˬ㲻Ҫȥ𣬱۾ȥ
һ·ಡһ¾ͳĳڳڻ㺰һ䣬СллˣҪȥ׷ɫŶ
һЦſȣֱȥ
飡
ĳƨ̾ͱײȥˣʱǳĲײԷֻһȻĳײһԵȥˣһ㣬ܾܿͻ
Ѿģһ쭳Ȼôͣ㻹𣡡ִ˳һա
ոպô£ҴӺӾ濴ײ˱˵ĳŶĵ
ûʲôֻ²Ҫ֣һ̡
ǰһһɫ˹˹һǺɫۣ
ĳҲ͵׷ţҲֻиղײȥ˳˱
ɼ쭳ÿֵʵˡ
ಣ
һʾһ
ûк⣬˵ͼⱱɽԽԽ࣬ҽǶҲԽԽ꣬ǸʱٳԽˣҲ١
ڵڼ
ţ˵
ûõĶҲãͲײ飬Сһ·ȣӮˣ
Ϊⲻǻûеյαôϣ˵
䣡
һϵеײը
㣬û°
ŵ
СүӲţſ
㻹ô
ֻˣ
˵
ղһʱǰȫۼһ˭Ҳ˭ȫײײ˷
յֱӿ˹ȥǼ١
ǰΪ˴֮಻໥ϾҲܼңȻ̫ðʧȥײ
Ͼ쭳Ը̫ҵˣĻ˭ҲȥЦġ
Ǹ׼ְҵѡ֣ȻǰڵһλοѾӦλŮҪԴȥôʧŮأ
ҿĳˣ˵
Ǹˣ䣬ʤʱ̵ˣøרע
ಣ
ĺܿ죬ȴͻȻ˵Ů׷ҺܼסҲƻ쭳İλ
û⣬磬һ·β㣬Ŀľǰ㣡
㿴۵·ߺЩͬˣСıۣе˼
񾭲ʱ㻹Ц
Ŷ滺ѹֵ
飡
۹ȻҪײȥǶϿȥȴüȥˣֻײһǡ
Ǵͨ˵ô
Ӱ쭳ӣҲӰɣ
ҵסۣ׼ˣ
ıʱ̾ͳȥõס˱۵ߡ
磬Сӵסҵĳ
ײȥģҪҵĳˣϸ壡
ײˣٶ̫ˣʱ¿ģǿӲǶûѡãҶᱻײ

㻹Ϊۻײ˿ûײ˼׷ȥ
ˣ
ʱʵַ
㶼С椸ˣС˹˹ôоǹ㷴ģǹؼ
ߣһöˣ
ŵ
Щ̫Ծһֱ˹˹˹˹Ȼĺɫ
Сģ
Ӽڹһʱ˾޴ĦŵĴ
ȻѾʧˡ
ȥɣ
Ȼһ
˹˹Ȼɫ޴ѹʹúɫűϵǽײȥĵãһ죬һ˳ȥ
ͣ
Ҳ֪ô£Ǻɫ̾ͣ
ͷϰԵףʤôܣС椾ȻûײֳôӶûһˣ
Ů˶ŹСǰɣ۾ͺú棡
Ķ߾Ȼһ˭ģ˭Ұ쿴Ƭǲᱻסģ
ֵһĻˣԭʮ׾͵ִﱱɽ֮۵ļ˹˹Ȼԭת䣬ͷˡ
ģô£ҵķ̣Ȼָӣ
ˡ
˭ҰҸոҽģҺܵСģ
й㲻ϲҾͷٶһΣ
ˣһй
绹ûӦ˹˹ֱؿˣٶȣ
գȻû˵ǼһңĿľײС㸣󣡡
±ܣûκ⣬ʱ򣬿Ŵһ˹˹Ӱһ־ļţһˣ
ȵͶˡ


1283 ܣ
絽ɽ׵ʱѾ°ĭ֫鴤ˣλɧŮ״һ磬ô°ղɽϵ˵ûеִյͷˣҵţҲ˵㲻ǵһ
ͷεĸ˵ǷɧŮ˵˵ѵҽҪ˯𣿡
쿴ˣ
ıʱݺĺɫ
³˵ʤ֮䣬ҸʱԭصҶߣ
вԭص㣬ãʵϣ˭һһô
ôһ˵
ǵһ
ǷɧŮļ˶ʵظû뵽һ쭳ܵõһǱ޵ģ֪ҴĸƵȥأ
Ů˺š
ǣǲǵһѡڳһŮ
ȻҲĸԸ
ɧŮֱۣҫһ㣬ǰӡ
ҿû˵Ҫѡ㣬ַſɣ˵
˵ʲô
ƿ֣Ȼս֣б˲ռǻ쵰ҪߵŮ㣡
һ˵ʲô
Ҫߣ˵ȴŮ˦ӡ
ܶ˶ʼɲŮòɧһߴȥɣҲǴı¶һ㣬һλŮǿˣ
µĳˣ㣡
㣡㣡㣡Ǵź
㻹ǵһڵϸܵ˴Ĺ㵹ǲ⣬ֻǵߡ
ǣС֣ǣŮ˾Ȼվǡ
ߣ
˹˹ˡ
ϴôˣǵһ𣬻㵽ô°ǲ;˰㰡ǲǾСӣ
ˣһҵģҵģ
ҳư˵쭳ô죬ܰѵһˣ
磬㲻䲻ɣ
˵һҵģСӣ
мĵֳȥһЦڼĶߣǲǷǱɱ㣬Ÿģʶĸ³
ŵϽŷԸǼֵ˵磬û꣬Ǹʲô
磬С۲ʶ̩ɽԺҲ쭳ˣдԭң
۰˱ĵ쭳ļȻˡ
߰ɣ
㿴ҲûһֱۣӾͺȥˡ
˰ѳͣã˵Ǹô£㰡
϶ǿҽʵļ⣡˵
ˣղŻҵ֣ɣУﲻҪǸŮԸаô˶õأ
ȵ֮һأ˵
ĸŮӶϲҲ⣬㣬Ҿ˵һ˻
㲻Ҫᣬҵ˼ĵԲ֮һ
˵ͽ˹Ԣ
㣬㣬ҳ첻ѻ˵С㲻ˣ
飡
һֱķš
ôôңһţûôɣ
ǿңһЦ̰Ұų
ϧ泪裬͡һЦ˳
㻹ЦǺϻ۸ң
ŵ
ϧ˵㴫ͽõʧ
㣬̫ˣŮӣͲ𣿡
ȥˣģװģҪ֪𣿡
˵꣬һţСϧ˵㶼̰
ϧεҡͷҲ֪ǲϱг𣬾Ȼÿһͳ
ȻǲҪ˯ģҪڵľ֮ˣֻʵûлָȻЩҲֻʱͻ⣬ż
һ£ʹ磬Ҷ˼ˣҲ֪ûôˡ

ý۹糱£ɽĴԽҶĹ£ϱ֪Ϊվ΢һЩϵŻ⡣
ţȻҲ˲ţмĽҲǲ١
һжԤ֮У⴩ԽĴ˵ȻȫǺ䶯ûп΢ϵĻʰȻһȵʱϬĵʸ߶ˣ
ýҲȱ⣬ɽݻõ£Ȼ񻯵ģⳡý幥ȻȥҷԸȥϣϷͿʼųϢ
һԸȥģͷ
Ϻܿ졮һȼҶϷϢʹ˳ȥýҲȱһϢ
һʱ֮䣬ܶﶼ
֪֪ǸҶ˵ȻҪϷˣ
ģȻô棬˵ôʵһҪˣ
㲻ҪȥŮ𣿡
ðŮѺϷ˭˭ֵô

˼Ϸ˾һ˲֮Ϊýĳ
ܶɶ׷ҪעʣⶼԾܾˡ
ϧ˵ôɶעʣ㲻Ķ
˵أЦЦ
ԽԽˣҲ£
ûҪĶôһţ滹ж̩ѵȫעһϷ˾𣿡
˵ΪʲôҪͱ˷ԼǮأ
㵹Ǿ
ϧ˵ý죬Ϸȳ̶ȣҪϷйأ㵱ôģ
иˣһȥʱ֪ˣ˵
װأ
ϧŻһɫװ㣬ҡҡͷ㴩װģȷʵͦӢģ
İᣬˣһţһӦ飬վļ
ã˰ɣ
վ˵Ϸ˾ľڻ͹˾̸ģ
ǺǣҲ㲻Ǹϲ׵ļһлֱ˵ỹҪ˻룬Ҳ̫ܵʱ䣡˵
ϧҲɻôпˣѾǴι˾ˡ
Ȼ˿Ҿֱ˵ˣҪ3DΡһȼҶĶҾӪȨҲǰϷתǣ
ڻ˵һΣڹڻĸϷֱǮ
ϧһȻھһڣȻǮ
Ϸδ⣬ôֵһ𣿡
ȻֵãϷȻ֪Ѿ˾޴ĺ䶯Уʱǿ԰ԼϷȥҲֻҪһȼҶ֣£
ǺǣͿһڣȻǰ
Ȼһ
ܿ죬˱߽ǽװģȥһ
ܣϷȻֵԳ֣
ڻǰ˾Ȳѡ
ܣ
ϧȣȴһЦѶϰ壬˵˭


1284 
ϧ𾪣Żֻ츮еһ˾ˣ߾Ķ̩Ҳٴ󲻹ʡģѶ˾˭Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
׳һڸ㣬ûнܣϰ壬Ҳ֪Ҫ׶Ǯ㡣
ϰһ˵
ͷȻ֪Ѷ˻ȴǲ֪ԹһЩ⣡
ǰϷѶģҲ֪Ѷ˾ⷽʵ
ⳡǸУ˵ʵ㣬˲ţѾˣ
ϰ˵
ϰ壬˼εĴԽ¼˰˾ֲã֮ųһȼҶϢ
ľڻҲ˵
ԶֹǰЩԿüģڻ˵һϷô
ϰЦЦˣͲֹɣ
ϲȻһţƵӣֹڵĴ֤Լļֵоͦġ
٣ǰڵϣδܹĴ
ϧһզ࣬ⶼǴ氡㵽Ǻηʥûηǰ˾ĴοѶ˾ܲûԳء
ϰ壬˼㽫۸ߣ
ڻ˵Ҳ𾪣ԭ˾ļǮһڰϷȨΪǴ´ˣȴ벻ܾȻ˵ӸͲˡ
ܵһҵģ˵ֵһڵˣôм٣
첻Ϸģ˵ģϰ˵
ˣ
Ц֪ϰǮ
ǧнӹɷݣϷ˾ҶҪˣһȵһ㣬ң

ϧҲǼ棬˵ʵĽףû뵽ֻǹһˣҪǧţʲôʱôֵǮġ
ϰ壬ⲻǺᵶᰮôȿϷģ˶Ҫˣ
ôϰ巴Ӧеóһóڣ
ϰͱˣڻҲ˵֪ܲǿ϶ֵģˣʯҲûô󰡣
㣬ΣѶһȫˣѶ۹һ֮֮ϣ˶ģ
ϧҲǾᣬΪѣӦȻΪˣһ뵽Ҫ뿪ԼδЩʧ䣬ָоء
˼ϰ壬Ѿˣ
ʲô㱻ˣڻ˭ƥļ۸񣡡
ǰˣ
ָָϧŵܲáϧ
ң
ϧҲܾʱᵽ˾ˣЩʧУ벻ȻصĽԼ
ûĹ˾һ˵
һ˾˵ûɣڻ˵
ǹ˾Сûϧ˵
֪λСǶǮµģ
һ򣡡
˵
ȫ۾һһ򣿡
ƶȵأЦ
ϧһ㣬Ҳ֪ΪΣҲǾúЦΪһ㵱ԼıڣЩǮ̫ˣ벻۾Ȼܹߵ̶ֳȡ
㲻Լ׬ˣ
Ȼˣ˼ǣϷҲǶȻģ
ڻ˵
ͷ
ߣˣֺαشӦǵļ̸
˵ⲻǴߵļôǸƽˣȻҪ죬˵˵㲻֪ǰæ֮гռǵģ
˼㣬뽻ѣ
ϰЦһδһˣξͷǰ˵ģ㣬Ǹ˲ţǸ˲ţ
㣬ľûѶ˾ǵźϰҡͷ
ѣǵˣϷĹ⣬ضʹúܶڵȺ֮ģ㣬ȷ㵣𣿡ڻ˵
ȻҾܾ˾аûа֮ˣ
ãǸˣڻ˳ȥ
㣬պضǹ˾ǿУʱҲģ
Ҳڴ
Цˣһ¶
˵
ǰñȽϻȵһ⣬˵㵱ʮû򷿣ֱͶģ
ƨǶʱװ˵Ļûе£
Ŷ֮鸾ģ
Ժлǹ˾ܲҿģˣ㣬һкΪ֮
ĿߺϧŴ˿ڴ㣬ǵģĴΪʲôǰ֪ͨһ
һ˾ŮܲþȻҲֳ棿
ЦҿʼΪΪҽ촩ô˧Žŵأ
񾭲˵ģֱӾܾڵĺͬҶΪϧ
ϧ˵ǸߣܼܿǻĹһ֪ҵˣ
ΣϻҪͼ
˵
ǿ϶ŵҵţϧ˵
ڱĳɹҲҪֻҪһ˾͹ˣҵҫ˵ĺܶġ
ҫֵһ򰡣
Ҳ֪Ҳа취ģ
ϧһа취ʵʲô취
˹ȥ¶㶮ġϧһ£ҡڵ˳ȥСŮ˰
վԭƻһϧЩ֪ˡ
ͷ棬ʹԡһȼҶϷˣ˾ԱԶӰ࣬ûʲôǾһĿϷû©һһ飬󾫡
ǶǱӢȾģȻ˾ԱĴҲǼߣ츮ееϷ˾ߵġ
ͶұЩԱȻҵ
㿴˾аû뵽һҰˣڵˣ㲻Ρ
ֱŵ㷽뿪˾ȡʱȴǷ˸٣ͷЦЦˣ˳һˣ
һӰֳܹܵڵϢλ׸Ҫǿϲ٣ȻҲǸߡ
㣬㵹ΣȻܲҶĶ֣
ǲҵĶҲ֪ҵͦ˸ҵģ㿪ʱ򣬵ܳ˺˵͡ĸоһģ˵
ҡҡͷû뵽㾹Ȼı˲òּ࣬ౣԼ׸ʱǷݰȥˣ
㣬㵽ǺˣΪʲôӽҼС㣡
Сϧ
˵°ɣ

죬ϧҹѣõģԺҷңͱҲ
˵꣬ǿˡ


1285 
ּ鷿ڶ˿һƾ鼮һӰӹӥܿԣӥȻṦ˵ãԺ߽ɣŵ˾Ͳˣ
ǣΪ·ˣ
˽ҰСȻ˴ϾĶӣľϵĲ̣÷˵׶ҵĽᷢӣ˵
үǱСʱ軵ˣȻûŰүڹ˾ĸܲøʵүڹ˾еĵλѾǰˣңҲѾû˵ˣóү֪Щģ
ӦĹ
ʳӣϾֻһӣҲĶӰôӥ˵
Ҳգ˵öԣΪףΰѶ
˵ǱϢôǰϷ˾ûȷǳǸ˲ţ
ԶֹЩ֪С˭ô
˭
Ѷ˾ľͷ
ʲô
ԾѵϷѾˣ˾ͬչĳ̶ȣ
ܰɣҿϰȥʱҲһǾܾǣڻܲĵӣ
㣬˼ڼУôΧ治ɫĲ̩ɽͲ飬ټиǿգ治֪ŮǴĸģ
ҽ㣬ˣ
ĸȻᱻʶƣ
Զеʶҵĸϡ棡
ӥ˵ңСѣģ
Ȼ飬㣬ǿҹŮˣ
𾪵ЦԶеĻҪ㣬Ǹ˾ͽȫͲһεģȻ˾ͽǿʢ˵컹ϣϧܹҵһܹҸˡ
Ȼˣҵţָ֣ηǿȨˣֱѾˣ
ҲǺ£ǲ֪Сôģ
ϴҽ˾ͽϵ飬ϧίˣˣ˵ĸ磬϶ǲˣȻܹϧԺͲҪȥ˰ɣɷչ
ЦҶѾЩڴǵܲһ𣡡

У
˸磬СϧոǲңҶѾôˣ㻹Ҫң޷ЩŮӣ
ɳϿִӪϧ˵˵ܲ㰡ողŸ˵ûûɰڻ˵㣬ţǲҪҰй㰡
ⲻǱſֵԭ㿴С椣̾ߣ˭֪ô谡
ҡҡͷľõĺôȻһģ˵Ҳʮ˰ܱİģ档
ҽУҲˣ˶Ѿˣ㺦ڱýעɽһŹأ
ݻ˻ðöնٸͽܰ˫Ӯ𣿡Ц
ˣȥϴ˯ˣ컹Ҫȥ˾
ô˵ʲô˼
˵ǲҿӶԲԣ
иϻ飡
ϧĺܺڳԷʱӦһ￴ˣھȻñˡ
ǺðòƽĻҾͳԿȥϴðɣ˵
ģ
ϧû㣬ֱ¥ҡҡͷһ㶼û
֮󣬡һȼҶϢѾ磬ȳ̶ȿȺƬ
ߵ㣬һ£һȼҶʽ⡣
ʱȫɵжϾϷζʱġ
ʮӲҪˣȺǷ񣡡
ͷʮӣ֮⣬ǱϾֻС˾ѶЩι˾¾Ͳ˾޴ӵˡ
һ˼
˸
ӵʮ
Ҫʱ䣡
һ죡
ȵţЩĳԱҲʲô취ֻһʱ䣬סһʱ棬ǵĹǷʮģ
ãǾǲ۾Ҳ֤񣡡
Ҫľ̬ȣͷ
ܴ绰˵㣡
ӹ绰ôСϧ˵ϲŶ
ǣǣˣ
ôˣ㲻⡣
Ϸȥ̨ɱˣ
Ϊʲô
ҪȻԽϷеһģһ
㾪ȣʲô״ˣ
׹¥ˣһҽԺȣ
ã֪ˣһᴦģ
绰û̫࣬Ȼڹ˾ƿȫ֡
Сʱ߽һűװľ죬Ϊ׵һ˵ǽӵֵľٱ˵ǹ˾зϷ˺ܶӵӰ죬˭˼Ϸ˾ĸˣ
ҪȥȲôЦ
㵹ǴǰûٽȥɣȻ֪һˣ
㲻ΪȻԵƬ̣
Ҫǵ㣬ôӣϷ֪֪Ѿмˣ֣ڿҪҪصϷ
û°ɣôţǲ̫˰Ϸ
ǸǵĻ£ҿ԰ƽ
˵ֻǵȵһ·ϾһϰߴװȥǾ֣ñΪһװƵˣ
㣬ǿڳĺܣýǰԽ˵һ飬ǾʵѾˣϷƹȥôӰӵ飬ץȥԷڣ
һʵĻпܻ᷸編ʱϷǿ϶ģΣҲܲ˵ģ
㻻·һѩѣλ٣Ҳûʲôдģѩѻõóֵģ
£ǼЩ⣬Ҳ̹ѩƷѩѴδԹȻǱϾץģû顣
Ͻǻؾ£һ˵
и֪룬ӽˮ˰ɣҡҡͷ
ЩҲû˵ǰǾͨڸҹʱñץȻȽϴܱץҲץʵʣò
־֡
û뵽ȥˣҾֵСүֻˣ
Ǽһô°ȻǻϤ·ߣֱӾ
λǣ
һŮż±ǰŮһգظСǡôһ˫ˮӶ㣬˵ңҶЩֲ˼ˣ
ֵʦô
ǴҡڵĽŮΪͬأȻԷҲ˵
ﷸ
һ߽˵㣬ǧɱˣ


1286 Ů
ֻǸմӾУҵʵϰ죬û棬ټѹͲʲôﷸﷸʱԼҲһ
ãҿɲﷸҳ
ϲƯŮһڵϺܿɹ峺Ҳڨԭ
ҿ˾㻹ûʵǲҪ
˺ݺݵһ㣬Ц˵һ飬һûбҪﷸ̬Դң
˵ʱΧɢǿƣ죬ʹ춼оˡ
ʦ֣ûбĻǵȷǲģ˵
Ƚ϶ɣҾ¼ڹˣ˵
㣡
оòУ㲻ҲΪ㣬ղϷΣȻ
˭ֱ˿һͻẦµô
½ʦ֣˵׷ʲôϸҿɣ
ʦãСĵˣܻĴԽ˵һֳģɱɻȥˣ
֪ģϲϿš
λϳ̣һ׼ҡҡͷҪ֪ǰǾֶܳأ
ܣھִôãôܻ飡
ǸϾԱ
Ǻǣϵɣ
ôʶң
ǰȥŮ͵ǻ·أЦЦ
ϵҡҡͷЩ죬Ǽǰ飬Сӣѵǰķˣ
˭˵Ҳû˼ϾǰˣҪǰ濴ҿɲԺһֱأ
ϵջûаͷ˸ѩѸϵҡҡͷ̫ˣҪǱ˿ҿҪˣ
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ЦЦЩ£ǣǰڵϺżȻһλᱻײϵģʱҪֻʱʲôݰϵС춼㲻ϣ΢ᣬǸˣҲûš
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ˣȻܹϾֳλã֪εնˡ
㣬ں˵ʲô
ɫһ䣬õʣһ˲֮͸ˣҳԣɲҽ
һΪװװܾأԭҲͲסӣ
˵ôڲҳôģͷû㷸֤ݣǸŮҲ֪ǻв㣡
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ֶΣΨһ֪ˣðɣں֪ǸŮ󵽵³Σɱ𣿡
ȵзųâֻɫޱϣƺ˵һĵĻͻܵһ
ĲֶĴˣûУûɱǸŮӣ˾Ժңһ˸һǮƣ


1287 Ҫ˼
˵ĶģûɱʵҲͦھεģϾڵŮҲʮˣҲ⵽Ӧ
˵

㵹ջƣδո˵ɱŮ㲻֤ɱڵϵĵһˣʹǳƻϵĹ򣬵ǲɱԵǻŮ

˼ڴߣ϶ߣû뵽ڻȻһʣΪֻͨˣ벻ߣ
ڻ繫˾ľ
ͷϷȥɱˣʵڻŵģҪĨǵϷ˾㣬ģҲֱӹѺ㣬ǹ㼸죬
ˣ
һЩѰ֮ͽڻչ˼ˣǾͺϵⳡϷ

ҡͷû뵽ӾزܹŪô
ڵսͲǰǰΪԵľˣ赲˱˵Ĳ·͵óһеĴۣ
˵㣬Ȼߣɱͬһֻϣⷽ棬һǱоĶ࣬㹫˾ϷڽܹڵɣƱػϷĻȳ̶ۣܵ
û´ǱضýȾ飡˵
ǳܰϷҲܰϷ˵
ڲҪھ˰ɣ˵
ĸң
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ڻ绰˵ҹˣ˵
⡭ΪΣ
ˣԺҺúˣúõ٣Ļһ㣬ΪŮɣ
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ͷȻΪɱ¼Ϸл̬ȣϷȴǼ䲻ţֻҪʱ䣬Ǳӹ״̬Ͷҵǲ̫⣡

ܺãұڵĹ̬ȣͷ
ڰ칫˸绰ϧСϧ˶࣬Ҳһˣ
˭
ڻ֪ڲ츮У
Сʱϧ˵츮Ҳиֹ˾ھڷֹ˾
˵绰ֱӿˡ
ķֹ˾
ڻдٵýԱ츮ģɾȫϷ⡣
ϾڹѾһĹ˾ˣȻԼε۹˾ơ
ʹ˼Ϸ˾ֻһС͹˾ϰ嶼Կޣڵˣڣڻǵġ
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ھѾҪˣֻϷӰʵ̫ˣĹ⣬˵ʧܣ
Ҷˣ缸鳴¡һȼҶԪȻ˼Ҳ˼Ϸ˾
ڻ˵ҲˡһȼҶϷı趨3DЧû˵ҲֻСħ硷ЧԳȥһȼҶǻ»ָ䳬ߵģ
ھɲܹǣȻǮϾýҲ޵ģǲܲϷ˼˰ɣ
ǺǣˣҲûǵ˼ǺҺôҲҵƢ
ڻ˵ҵ˼ǣ֮мֶ⳴ĿľϷڹڳʧ
ʧ
ܣˣǺģ

ҵȻˣĻ˵
ڻҾáһȼҶڹʧû˼װ
һЦ洫ʹһ


1288 ұۣ
ϰԵĿ⣬˵׻Ǹ͵֮ˣýѸͲʶ
ھ˭СŶҪɱˣû
ڻȻһ۾Ƴ㣬ɻ󣬲˵СѾôһҪϼ죬ҲڻôŶԡһȼҶ͹ԭ
ſ㣡û뵽ȻӾˣ
㣡
Щý϶žȣģ֪ҾͰӰˣôҪŶûˣ
ڻۻᣬµһˣ˵
㣬ȻոյĻ㶼ˣô
ڻȵΪŴģڵ׵Ҳʶˣ
ڵ׵
ЦЦھǴ󵨣ôýѵ棬ڵ׵治±дô
ڻһУڻǰھСҲͳѵôˣ
Ǿԣ
㻰䣬˵֮˱о˫ȱʲôһ£ʹֱӹ
ʲôô£ڶһ
ЩýͬȻ
СǸ֣𣿡ŵıڿʹ
ô
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ΣЦ
ô
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һ׼ٲҾҪɱˣ
ڻȻ¥ϴǸоͺ϶һ
𣿡
һ촫˽
ȻǴ֮㵹ЩȣǰЩӻܵǸ׸ӦǸߵеˮҲֻǻṦװưˡ
ڻˣȻᴫ֮ٶ˵ЩʵĹȻأ˵ܹҵյĻˡ
ʮ롣
һӰڻǰֳЩýһţĵӰô
ǰˣ㣡
ڻ˵磬ԭҲģϾʱҲֻǣߣ书
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л磡֮ڻû
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飡

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һѾСѵϣֻΪɱ˵Ҫˣ
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Ѿ˵ڻǰоȻٹЩʱֱ۱Ӳȥˣ
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ڻһҡͷͷȫ亹ħҪ˵ʲô
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β
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ңϴ֪ˣھýȫȡһȼҶĸţŹҰ
ལལཡ
Ȼܿ͸˹㵹ǲ֦ܵ˹ע˵̫ɽ֮ǰãĻӦ֪³
˵꣬ʧǰ
ڻǴ˿ڴħˣĻ治֪᲻ɱԼ
ЩýҲ˵ڣھ¶ô찡
ҿĳǸ͵֮ˣϢҪ©ȥͰҸո˵Ѹȫȡ
ڻ˵
ڹ˾һСʱ˵˹ˣϵĸϢ˺ܶ࣬Ǽ˵˵ҲعԭЩ֮ͽ֮ˣǵϷ
Ǻǣ
һ㶼Ȱ
ûʲôþȵģϾⱾʵ˵
¶ֱͶذȥɻˣ
ϻȥϧһϲɫ㣬˽ûУҡҡͷ
Ҫϲ㣬ʼΪһȼҶϷĹܴۣܵȴû뵽һ죬ѾŤת˾ƣֿʼдϷˣ
ϧ˵㻹ģ

ʲôɼֺǳҪ⡮һȼҶԽ˱ѩ˾ħ磬ǲҪһ찡
Ҳ֪ϧҪ㻹ģָ㣬ȴһŤ߸ЬˣֱӾ͵ĻУͶͱоܾ֮
ϧϴŵζŮӶص㣬˵㣬§ϧҲǸܵһ˹еԭʼ嶯


1289 ӥ
վʥˣҲûƷŮ˵ζˣϾһ˿ǿЩϧǱˣڵΨһǣңǰʮ궼Ůٳ嶯Ҳ
ϧɫҲ֪ͶĻΪʲôһʱƿ㣬Ͼ֪ԼǸ˭ֻΪʲôԽӴԽǾ˾ԼأִԽԽǿңЩʧˣ
߸Ьȶˣ㰡´ҪҾǰкҿ϶ҵİ
˵вٰǰһ
㣬ִ򣡡
ϧɳϣ˫Ь㣬⼸ûȥ˾㣿
ôܣ㲻˵Ѿ͸ô
ϧŤĵطϧóϵҲûռˣԸƢĿȥҲ죬㣬ڶ˵ͺĻˣյǻȥ㱨Ŷ
ѾͷûðҰͲأ
˵
ˣȥˣ
ϧͷҪȥֻĽŲŤ߼һˤơ
˹ȥҷȥɣ
⣡
ϧܲȥ
㵹ǲ⣬ոհϧǣŸûʲô󰭣ֻ΢ЩʹϢһͺˣ㵹ûֱҽϧʹϾҪϧһ¶ûУлڰ
һû¥أ
ҲһֱȥϧңǿһֱҲʵĻᣬֲԼȥ¶Ͼϧеĵλױȵġ
ϧ䣬ⷿװΣԼˣ
ʵǰӵװΣǽǳɫϧƵɫиֶĤȻҲϧǰϲģǽϻһǰһֱϲı
ϧʱϧϲ͵͵͸ģ󣬵ٵֵϵʱһµĹʡ
û뵽ϧȻװȫƹˣ⼸Ҳ֪䵱Уᡣ
㣬ôˣ
ϧ㿴Ǳ
ŶѱǰǰѣЩ⣡˵
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㣡
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רҵļȣȣǰֱ۸ӻˡ
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֪
˵֮ʱȴǲ֪һӰѾĽ˲
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㵹ѵͦģ
˭
ǰĺˡ
ǣɱô࣬˭أ
㵽˭ʲôĿģ
һ֮ЩˣٲԴ˶һҧǧ¾
ǡӥһǰҺͼ·壬ͼȴһ·׷ɱɱּҲٱڣ
˾Ȼġӥŵϣɡ
ȻǸߵߣڵʱûɱ㣡
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Ǻǣ㵱ʱĴ⣬Ҳһ̣
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Ҫɱңʵ
䵱ɽ֮ˣּԩ޳ΪʲôҪ׷ɱǣ
䵱ɽ䵱ɽ˾Ͳܳӻô
ӥȻ׶ԷĽӻ˼Ǳ򵱴ˣֻ˭ּܺôڡ
˭͵㣿
˵ˣܷŹң
أ
ӥЦһҲһֱ׷ŵ׷ɱߵı䵱ɽϵģ㲻Ͼ䵱ɽǻĹĴɣڶ࣬Ҵ˵л𻯵ߣɴ⡣
츮¶ҲǱӥˣ֮㿳ֱۣҲǴġ
Ҫ֪ҲSߣ׸ղһεģӥȻܹɱҪǱ˷ˣǿɾˡ
Ͼӥûеִɱεˮƽ
ˣҾ͸ɣǰƽȥɱǵģ
Ҽ
ӥͷ
ƽʱ鵽Ҫ·壬һʶ𣬾Ϊ˻ɱǣҲ֪ˣּҾʵˣôҾֻҪԸһҼɣԾӵʵѹң練ƣԺ츮еϴ󣬿֪ˣ
˵ֻû׷ɱɹǽѣҲŭ˰УȻҪǰѶ𻹸ӣ뵽һ㣬ҾͺڵһƱ
䵱ɽĴ֮A߶ϰãһΪбҸǿ֮׷ɱңżܵˣ
ӥʱξһŭϾ֮Sܹѧġ
˼ǣʱȫܹɱʦֵܼˣҲţ
ߣ
ӥͻȻһŻ棬ȵͶˣȻѾǡ
ǣʱΣҲûô࣬Ļʮ㣬Ҳᱻɱ
ӥЦҲãɽҽԺɱ㣬Σ
ɱң䵱ɽһ࣡
˻֪ģ
ӥ˵ţеĻֱӴϣ㱻յûҽ
飡
ڻ˼СʱŽȥѾʧˣսĺۼʲô顣
ϰ˵㣬ڹ˾лû뿪Ͼ⼸춼ϷʱҪִ֡
ལ
һİ绰ѵ绰ݸ㣬㣬㣬ôӣȻɱ˳磡
ˣ
Щ֣˵ڻǵֻǿһ첲ִҽֻҪʱ䲻̫һܹӵĻôܻ
װˣǱģѾ߼ˣ϶սĺۼ㣬湻ݣ
Ĭδ˵
֪֪䵱ɽϵĸͽ䵱ɽϣƣǻĹߵĴɣɱ䵱ɽΪУʱ𻯵ɼĸɱ㣬ˣ
вң䵱ɽΪСʱû䵱ɽ
˵ɱģҵҪν𻯵ɼĸжô
ߣ㣬֣
ڻ㻹ǿ֪Ͳǰ׷Źˣô뿪츮ô
ڷɻϣ
ŶǿҪעˣҸտԤдС׹л
ЦЦҪҵ绰ǱȴǴһԱǽɡģұʱ֮裡


1290 ˣ
㵹ǲ˭ɱģҲȥڻѿۣûκ˼ˣͣοˣԩСүɱˣ־ɣ
䵱ɽϵĸ֣˵ʵԼҲڴĺܣϾڵϣҲӴЩߵĸ֮֡ˣҲһ־ϲ
ּ鷿
ӥκܹţͷɣ

ӥѷŹغá
ˣ
ģ˵
׳ʲôô
׷ɱǵǰϣ
ɫһ䣬еıʶ۶ˣϣߣ϶ϺǺͺԭǰǾϲ⣡
;ð벻Ļָʹ߾Ȼ
ӥҲŭ˵ʱѣΪԷǼҪǿߣص츮вžþһ
һֱ츮еϴѾһˣ
˵ǸҲٽˣ滹вȡж
һֱоӵȫ׶Ը
ӥ˵ǺҵĹϵһ򲻴
У
ҡͷϣҲڣּһҪֵ棡Ļܻܿᱻ̲
ĿⳤԶ
ˣ˵㿳һ첲ô£
Ǻ˾ڻ֮ЩԹڻԼĴɣ
Ǻǣ⵹Ȥˣĺ뿴ǸŵСοֱ۵ģ
Ҷҿ
ӥЩηΪܸߣ֪ҽǶãԣʱһԣȻܹеһɺǿҵ
Сĵȷģ
ͷ
ֻǣȥҽԺɱˣڻȻ뵱ȻΪɱġ£ڻǸ䵱ɽĳǣͺΣˣ
ӥҡҡͷʱûôֻ࣬Ҫѩްˡ
㣬ôôͿȻҲ㣬ϧĸҲ룬ǹؼʱּ̣һѣҲοһܻܵĶ֣
Ұˣ

ҡҡͷҲգϾǸˣ䵱ɽʿ࣬ҲһΪͻɳԸֳһߣ㻹ῴ
˵ǣҵĸоںڰ磬ܹ۳ưԵڵе֣Ȼ۽Ҳߣ¶ۣ
ӥ˵
ðɣѾȥˣҶҵĶˣ
˵꣬ӥʧˡ

һȼҶ죬쳣ͬЩӳγԱȡ
ϵһЩۼңҲѡһȼҶɻĹġħ硯һʱ֮䣬ϷΪȫֿȵϷû֮һ
Ϸʼٸ㣬ȴǲԸκεĹڲɷãͨȥˡ
ڰ칫ɣ׵磬һŮȴŶ룬̧ͷȻ˾žͽϰ߿ǲ̫ðɣһЩ۵飬أ
Լûɣå
ϧţԼϷԣ˼⡣
ˣƼ¼ˣÿκ˵ûˣ
Ϊ˾칫̸ģӦذɣ˵׼Ҿְأ
ϧҡҡͷ
ְ
˵ֵڣҿڼɻˣ
û취
ϧ˵иݽ¿ţȥһˣ
ʲô°Сϧûҹ˾æô
æŴɻ
ϧ˵͸оˣ΢죬˵Ϸ
߸ʲôɻֲʲôåĻСϧ߲ҴỹԼ˿ͻԷŶ
˵
һ˽ǹϷһЩļĿ£
ţ
ͷо緶
ȵȣ¶㣡
ϧ˵
ܣܣʣ
տϧЩڱϧʻи𺳣Ͼܾϧܲð
ҪĸͻԷ
һˣС椣ǵи߰
ûаһ̫ϲͿͻԷһֱƵЩͻԤԼѾöأ
ʵ˵ܣҪûʲôˣҾͳȥˣ
ϧͷߺ˵㣬ʲôҪ˵𣿡
Ȼ
ͻȻСϧ֪𣿡
֪ʲô
ϧЩġ
֪ΪʲôܾЩͻô
˸POSSΪһֱԼԶٷ
ͣ
ϧЦðûⰡΪʲôǰأ
֪ģҪϵģǰң΢СۣһҲ㣬ڣѾһϷ˾ܾѾʸеŮԶٷˣ
ܾ㵱أ
Ҳʶ飡
ԣֻ
ϧЦЦ¶˾ѣϣһɲǣȫʧϧЦݵˣһ˲䣬ϧǰҲͬӰǸ˵ӰӺǰص
ָоĳ

ڶ࣬츮еУŰٷ֮ʮϵݣݣҲҴ󲿷ֵԴ
Ȼ嵱ûоʵģȴһ
ҵļϣԼҼңߣһ㣬츮壬⿪
ҽҲǴϲӣֿһݣ
ݣ쳹츮ܶ츮еĺӶʱ룬ȥѧϰ书
ϾÿӣһΣ
ݵװߵǸ·ߣ㣬Χźܶࡣ
ҲٵݳԱˣзŴǽһЩݵʷ
ʦ֣˺öడڿʨ˰ɣ
ÿݿţһЩյĽĿʨǱزٵġ
ҲȺǳ⿴ĽĿϾֽͨĿֻڹװӾ統вܿʵУ޿ġ
ɽͷ׼ã׸ϿϷ
ʨӶڻ׼ţɽһ£
ֻʨӷֱݣ似ʨĻ֡
ȺǶİоϾǰʨӣǸΪ𺳡
ʦãЩ죬һֱݰæ˰
ɽ˵
ųеıݣһ߹һ˵ɽʦ֣ʲôݱҷ֮أ
ʦã֪ھΣʵֻˣҲûй㰡㱾ϲݵģ
ҲǸ˾أҲŲΪھأ
ҡҡͷԺȴǸаЦߣñС㣬ĻҪÿ
룬ʵϣȴǴδռʲôñˡ
˰Ӵãż첻ǿϲɺذ
ϧļ򣬵Цȴ㷢ġ


1291 
⻹е˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵ζ
ûӦȵӦʱҪʱȴЦ˵ãǰҲãʦϣӦ鶼ȥˣͲҪԹ
㿴һϧͷ
ϧģȻԼҲԸȥˣŮ̫ˣ
˵ֲЦˣȻͨŮӣŲһףֻСϧʲôҿɲأ
Сϧ㿴ɣҶ˵ûãҪҵǸڶˣһʲôأˣ
˵žҪ߿ϧȴס˼㣬ǴӦҵģ˵ʲô㶼ҪǨ
ԭ㣬㻹ﰡ
ߵ
ҡ
ɴ죬öŮˡ
ɽһ׶Ŀ㣬С㣬治֪һģ
֮޷Ǿ˵ˣôϧסһ顣
ϧˣ˵ʲôأ˵ãһﻹű˵һƤǽ
СϧҪκδʻ佱Ұɣ֪ԥ
Ҫ
ϧҡҡͷ˵ĳ嶯
쿴˫ʨ飡
Ⱥڶǿ鼤˿ֻʨѾľϣ׼顣
Ҳʨӵĸ߳ڡ
ž
Ҳ֪ģһը죬ľܾȻȫ̮
ֻʨȫ
һֻʨ˰ݣȫˤˡ
ӴݵʨӣǴ۽ˣ
ȺУͻȻ˳Ϊһѿ÷ͼȣЦⰻȻȥ鷳ġ
Ƕݵˣݿţѵҳô
˳
뾢ʲôǿŵĴϲӣ뿴ǣ
ɽȵ
츮гȥΪݣ뾢ҲǶݵеĸͽżȻҳӵġ
Ӵɽ֣ôԹҷ뾢ʲôҲûɰ㲻ỳɸղʨӵļˤŪİɣ
뾢ҡҡͷǰ죬µӣֻ˵ɽּ䣬Ȼɽִıףҷ뾢ţɽҪ
뾢µӲֵۣɽʦ֣ѵҪѵҪǵ˵ŹģΣ
뾢һС椣֪µû˵ɽһ֮ˣΪȻڴ֮ͥ˵ԼǴԽģôƵ飬Ȼ츮е磡츮еѧ֮ˣΪ֮ߣ˵ǲǰ
ɿȺڣ
Ⱥвͷ
ɽĸˣǰЩ죬Խ˵һȼҶ𣬶ɽҲȻ츮ˣ۵˶᲻һ
Ȼ廹ռݴģϾԽ˵׻ǸõĶ
˶ɽ˹˾ʲôôȻɽ˺ܶѹ
ʱ·ϣ˶ָָ㡣
ֱ⼸죬Խ˵ſʼЩ
ǰ죬ݵļͽȴ·ЦɽƽʱϲݽϾɽҲȻͶִˡ
뾢ѡڽݿŵʱһسӣȻԤıġ
뾢Ҵˣ㵽ݣҰ
⻰񻹲Ⱳֵ˸˵İɣأôڣҪͽܣҲӦõɣĻ˵ȥ
뾢Ǳɽ곤٣ܿϧԵЩмʵװƲŽţƣûʵҲװƣ㲻þҪɵˡ
һ㵹ûһëǮϵǲġ
ʦȥûһ뾢ȰϽݣĻҲˣΪҲ֪ղֻʨӣ㶯ֽţ
ɽȴǲ·뾢ȻǹţƢҪ鷳ҲǶȻηġ
Ҳ˵߿ݿţ
ߣҷ뾢ˣô𣿡
ʦ壬ǴǵӣӦƣĻͷֻޣ
ʦ壬ɽİ࣬Ͷģݺ

ϧ˵㣬ⲻҪɣǵģŵĴӣȻ£
Ҳã˵
ֻ
ϧһۡ
뾢ߵļ¾ȻֱӾȥˡ
ɽһȣ뾢㲻Ҫ̫ʦڣҲǶܽѵģ
ֱӳǼƵȥ
飡
ɽ⹦ǳʵǰ⼸˸֣һ˻ȥ
뾢ЦһɽƯ׸ǶˣɽµȣҽѵҪˣҿɵð֤
˵ֳ꣬ƣͬһ͸һֱһģɽ˫ֵֵȴȻĺ
ߣ
ɽ˵뾢û뵽ȷϲĶѾͻƳΪߣۣ
뾢ǰʵɽ£ѷ뾢ҪͻƣʵѣɽȴǶͻƳ߸е档
ߣû뵽ɣʦָһŵҩʹڵѪܹͨۼ
뾢ȵ
Ѫ
㵹ǾЩ˼۲˷뾢ɽȫ磬뾢ԣڵȷһܹۼѪͨˣɽȴûС
Ҳǽ㶮˵ߵʲôһ˵ͿͨѪߣɽȺ֮ˣֻͨŬȥĻֻһӵʦš
ɽҲвʮˣҡҡͷʲڷֻ࣬Ըҵǻϲ
ɽ㲻ζͻ𣿺ǺǣĽôֻǿϧһӶﲻȾ磡
뾢һȣлɽֱۣʹİмʵԲߵĶֵġ
뾢Ҳ˵û䣬ɽһ롣
ֻϧС䣬ڷȻ࣬ȴûʣҼζҡͷʮ꣬ͨѪⱲˡ
ˣɽҲûзÿһѵֻ̿Ŭ
ֻΪ롣
飡
ϣ޷ǰһͨ˺ߵĲ࣡
ʣ¿ţʦֲڣصѹϣǽǰ裬ô츮е񻹻
ͷɥҪ
˿̣һϵȴͷ𣬡СӣҪҪôҪǰɪļһôߺߣҵǿ԰㣡
԰ң㵽˭
ɽ֪Ǵ֮ҲȻԷΪܸߣֻΪߵˣôܻԼ


1292 ͨѪ
ɽȻڴǸصȴûгˡ
ǰķ뾢Ƶ·ܶ·˶ٿȥˡ
ȻݽעҪҳˡ
뾢Ҫģһ۸ͨߣ
ߣСѾͷ۸۸ɣ
뾢һȭһȭֱӺɽ
Ҳ̶ã˿һĻȴǳˡ
ɽͬһעһ㣬ĸоѪ˿̳ͨޱȣңѪѾһ
ֱţʮ룬Ȼڽˣ
СӣѾͨѪúȥͷɣ
ĵصٴγ֡

ɽһ˫ֳƣĵͬܶǷ뾢ЩȻˣôܣȻĲ
ɽ
ɽ˫ƻײ뾢Ȼɽķˡ
ͨ
뾢׹ڵϡ
ʦ壬ʲô״ôܱ򵹰
ҵţʦ壬Ǽˤô̫˵ɣ
Ƕߣֻߣ֪ô¡
̫ˣ㣬ôһ㶼Ⱑϧ˵
аɣҪøݵͺˣҡҡͷ
ּһ
ϧٴοɽͬ任һһЩˣʦѵѾѪΪôǹϲ
ɽ㲻ҪңѾˣ뾢ӵ˵
㲻ǿڿ˵ⱲӶ𣿷뾢վڣ
ɽ˹ȥҲ֪ô£ʦҶ˵ͻҲһſԷӳ
ȴǲͬͬʱھѾ̺֮뾢ҪǿĶࡣ
ҲǷ뾢ġ
飡
ɽڷ뾢ϣ뾢޻֮ɽıף°ĭ
һʱ֮䣬Ⱥֿļ
Ҫ֪ҲȻ֪龿˭˭ﶼǷ׷ɽġ
ãʦ֣ݺѾģȻ߹ݣ
Ψ²˵
Ҳ΢ЦղͨɽѪĵԼ֮бͿԴ͵ϵʵͨġ
ɽڲʵ㴫ġ
ҲɽΪʲôͻӵбȷ뾢ǿʵԭ
뾢ɽݺݲڽŵ£뾢ǰ߹ƾˣҪΪǳͷϧѡӣߣ
㣡ɽ㵨˶ңǶݺ֮Ľ棬㵣ô
ʲôģ
һŭ
һȺ߳վżߣضҳϼ
һ츮ȴмʵ⼸ߵʵһǿ
Ƿ뾢ˣɫȻһ䣬Ҫ֪ڶݿǼʦܣʵһֵģȴǱҵͽɽڽŵ£裬֪
ɽݴϲӣȥҼλϻ۾ۣ벻ˣ
ǰһոѵ뾢ʱȻ벻Ȼʱͻƣ
ɽɫЩΣϾ֪ԼͻƵģǸ˭
ңͽ˶ң㾿Ǻ˼뾢˵
Ǻ⣿ߣҲڣȻݵң˭ӣ˵
ߣµҲ¸ˣǶݣѾͶ˰ңңҲŹǵģ
ϣ
һ䣬ֲô鷳
ң̫ƽʱݵѧԱˣվȻҷ뾢ʦܣ
ȺУһ졣
㶨ۿȥΪߣҲżߣҲӦöǳϼ벻Ȼ˳ôʵϷ
㣬ǰ٣ϧ˵
Ҳǿپںţûбڣ뾢˵ûݵȷѾͶ˰ҵĻ
ⰲ٣ÿλ¶
ϧȻڻ
жĥСϧҪΪϵ˶һɾ̫ˣ˵
ϧҡҡͷʲô¶ܱһ״̬Ҳ
ʦ֣ͳãһҪΪֹ
뾢˵
ңͽܰ˷ˣ
ɽĽȻŷ뾢
Ҹɽʹɫ߷̧š
Ǿʰ壬µ뾢飬²죬ͻֵǷ꣡ʱݣɾԻͥأ
ǰ֪Ϊʲôÿⰲ˵һҪĳ嶯ѵ˵Ҳܼĵز
С㻹ûʸǰҰб㸸ɣ
һȵ
ǰٶЩ־壬˵ңо֧֣Ҫң練ƣ㻹Ҫ˲񣡡
Ƕݵ߹ݣ˵Ҳ񣡡
ҺȵðҾͲ㿴
гһŨɽ
ɽɲ׸յóһһʹķɽ
ң벻㶼˷ɽôﶯô
ȵ
ϻ˵
ƣ
ʹŷɽֱӱǴ뾢شܲ
ļҲվסˣһϺȵңŷɽ磬ҲҲ񣬸һȥ
ǷɽͬסһȻҵС
ҵļҲǸĪ˵֮£˭˭ȻҪҰңҲǷ㵽ף
뾢ղһ˵ʦ֣ܷŹɽղŴҿɲˣ
סڣ
˵û뵽뾢ûãǰЩոһŵҩͻΪߣȻɽĺһ뾢Ļųǰֹ
˫ڶԳ֣ʵЩˣԲҵĶֻ֣ôһƱػĲʵⲻԺķչ
壬վʹˣҲѷ뾢ˣ˿ǲã
һ˵˫̨׿¡
ȵңҼˣԺ츮ƣ
ôһ˵Ҳ涫Ҫձˡ
ǶݣʲôУҽ±ǣ
˵ɽԶɽΪ˭ͿԱɷˣ
㣡
ҧˣϾ˵ǲݡ
ߣ壬֪Ժôɷ˵ģ
Цгм
ҡҡͷûΪἤҵأ
㡭û˵㣡
ϧҡҡͷ
㿴ǸקקӣһЦһץһ˹ȥ
ǰҡڣ٩٩̸ȴû뵽ƤȻһɣӣȻ˵棬ֱӵȥ
Χվ˵ڿ֣ǰٵλȺ롣
˶Űǿӻ
ǸòҪȻɫСͼڿ㣡
һСŮڰְֵļͷ˵


1293 

Цס
û˲ЦģȻ˰Լ
˭˭ң
ٸϽѿӴŭԭǰָ㽭ɽԼţ벻ȴǱ˿ӡ
°
ݵ˶ЦĲͣȻ԰ٵʵȻ˭ɵģȻˣǰͷϡ
ңߣҼס
˵ˡ
֣ɵƯǰôû㻹ȺðԸˣ͸ְ취󣡡˵
ָɵģҡͷ
һλ˵ѵиˣ
ӦǣӦѷǵУʵߣȻڲϢڲص֮ã
ɽ뵽ѵǸҴͨѪʵղŵ顣
ɽҪˣ˫ϲţǰһֱΪţ벻Ȼͻˣһٻ˷뾢ԺҵĻʯ˵
ʦң
ɽҡͷȴǲ֪ôӺ˵𣬱ϾҲ֪˭
λ׸ϣ֮ʵǸǷǺڰҲôڣҽݲι۲ι۰ɣҴ˵
ϧҲ˽ȥ˵Сϧװһ䣬Щ仹ԼƵأ
ϧ¥ˡ
վԭأҲע⵽Ҽλ϶ѾˣǺ⣬ǵʵȴǸ̽ⲻΪ
Ǹ֣ϴҺ֣ASߣ˵
ǷɽڵߣҲ֣»ǸţŶ갡
ֻǿϧʼּˣΪã
ҲܱȰǸϺҪõö࣬ҽǽ趫ǣ
ɽ⺢ͻˣĻݵҪˣ

㣡
㿴ɽһЦôǻҰɣ
ڲ֣
ɽ˵ѾͻΪߣһӽյɣҪ𣡡
𣿡
۾Цûɱ㸸ĸ޶ʲôǼԭܸңԸķ䣬㲻ϣ
ҲܣȻɽԺҪҵսҲսʤΪĿ꣬Ϸܶ
СɽҸж˵
ɽһ߿ˡ
Ǹո˵ʲôأ㣬ǲ˵ˣ˵
ĸҰʦˣԺҼҪ˱ˣ˵
ʶ࣡
ͷҪСϧԷ㣬ȥɣ
֮Ȼǲ뿴㡣
Ĳ𣿡
ϧ˵
ˣСϧҰɣҸо䶼û氮ˣ
˵˵žͳݡ
˵ʵ뿪ˣһֱûкɣϲܺϧԷ㿴ûʲôνԼæ
׼ع˾·ȴǿһˡ
ǰ٣մӰĦԺ
ɫţǳʲô鷳㻹ΪСڰĦԺˣȴû뵽˸ˡ
㵹ǾЩ֣Ǹ˹ȥ
Ǽ˽һ俧ոȥǱԱסֻдVIPͻ
ǸǸһģ
ôһȥ
򼱲ô
鰡
ֱӾȥˡ
С
С츮ҲֻڰĦԺҵˣ
Ҫ֪ңͳˣ
ǰҫ棬߼˶Ƕǵ䣬ֲ
ϴʵǲ˼ǸǸ֣
ҫ˵
ҾͲµȷǸͷ۵ļһϴ˵ּҲɱһߣǷ˼
ߣС߼˶䣬Ǳߵĸ֣
ҫ˵
»Ҫûİɣ
ȻβҪǱߵ˾ˣ̫ףѾͨúأ
ҫ˵
Ȼֻǿϧ
Щź
ô
ǰ׼һ飡
ʲô飿
츮мᣡ
˵
˵˵츮мᣬʵҲ֮Ľˣ
ҫ˵
˵Ĳʮһεļᣬĸʤˣ츮֮δͳ츮ʮ꾭ã츮Ҳ輫֧֣
˵ǰһʮߣԣһΣˣ
С˼ǣʱ䰲Ҳ˽ˣ
ȻǵľȻҪڵϣ
ҫҡҡͷǰҵľԼƷֺܷǶǵı׼ɣҲΪ㣬ֻҪϴһ룬Ҷٷ֮ʮļǮ㣬㿴Σ

ڿǣһúҸ
ãͷҵϢ
ҫ˾ߵˡ
һᣬǰǵĻһѹʼįԭһʮᡣ
֮׺ܹõܴһֵĽп϶δķչȵȡ
ӰҽĶҪҵȻûдﵽĿģҲ˴ŵ˼
У˼ˣ
㵹Ǿе㾫ˣ֮ıƴоģΪϧıڣǵҪҪȥأ

ҡ
Щ߽鷿鷿УһΣһֻëд֡
ǰϣҼ츮оĽ죡
ϡ
ٴС°ϣ˿̣ǲҴŸ֡
һ죬ëʷ£˵С
ǣף
˽ҽŷԸöݵȥҵ鷳ֻǿϧ
𣿡
뾢ȴûдɽ
Ƿ뾢ǸôɽҵĵһӰɣҲǸͨ˰ˣ
ɽͻˣ
ϵͷ˼󶫳ݻǰ
Ҳǣ˫ҷͻ
ݵˣҵǲ⣬ʵϲǰ򵥣ǵеļ϶ǼǿߣԭֻҪǳ֣Ƴˮƽ˫ûдͻҲãΪ˷
ʮǰ츮֮ʮҲһǣףΰһĴ»ʤģ
Ըˣ
ϵͷ
һ£
˵ҫˣϴһľ𣬼˰ٷ֮ʮǮ
ٷ֮ʮ
˵Ǳ߶ǵԺҲã
ٵͷ
ˣСϴּһһڣʲôţ˵ĵϸɲˣ
ûУ֤ûУ޴Ӳ𣬵ȴ֪һ߸֣ھ磬ҿɲ
˵ֻǴҫе֪ϴν׾Ǳ㰵ƻģףɱ˴ˣ
ҡҡͷ⸱Σ
ٷſһ۰д֣ȻǸ֡
ҰҵˣҰϺù


1294 ı
ڹ˾˼СʱһȼҶ⼸Ļ𱬳̶ȳԤƣٶָѾλõİ˸ϷҲȫһʮϷӦ
ڴĳɼһ˵·תڻһѰ
ҲǰɣȻҪƻϷĹ⣬ȴҲϷ˸ԣý֮æҥֱЩǻϷǷܲˣ˵
ҿһ㾪ȶûУȻԤ֮У
Ц˵ֻǿͷ֮󣬲ܼϷļֵ
ֻ˼ǵϷҪ߸ѵ·ߣ㣬ҿºܶҽܲˣ
ܲҲýܣڵϷ඼ǴѵĻǮҺͷصĲǵϷҪƽ⣬Ǿһʼ͸Ѱɣ
˵Խħ硷Ӫģʽ
Σջѡһֱ桶ħ硷ֻ仹ƽ⣬Ż˽⵽ҵ
˾鴦ϣ칫ϵĵ绰ˣӹϧ㣬㻹ڹ˾𣿡
ȻȻΪ͹绰
ҺͷȻ˰ٺϴǸҫ棬Ǻ̸ʲô
֪ˣ
㵹缸ڿᵱ˵һЩ˵ǽ׵ʱɣŽͷҪ
ãҸҲˣ
Сϧٽһ㿴£ǰٲǸˣ
˱ϧǧҪȥ
绰ͻȻҶˡ
ҡҡͷŮ˻ǰԣôȻǣ浽ֻϧŵҲΪֻǸʱը
Ҫȥ
ͷ

츮ͷ
ϧڲԶǸոտֻҲ˹ȥ
Сϧﰡ㻹ֻץô
ҫǶǱߵˣͰҪ˽ϴҺǷǣ飬˸㣬Ҳ֪ô
ϧЩļ٣ֻȻҲǣȥˣǽȻЩ˱ϵ
ǿʼ˵ˣ
ͷ˵
٣һΪҳĦأû뵽ͷﰡ
ֻЩּҺͰʵϹϵãֻͰȴǳζͶˣϲȥĦֻЩּҲǹıĺܣ˵Ħ붼ûͳˡ
˭֪ͷ֮ȴǻˡҫ档
ֻ̼ǵϴͷ˽ϧƻ龰ҫ治ҪƵϰɣ
ߣ̰ͼŮɫֲûᱻżǶְֵ棡ҫȵ
ȴ˵вŵ㶼أˣ磬ҪҪ¶
ʲô£ֻʵ
ģԭǴǰҪһ𣬵ǰֻܸṩһ룬Ӧ󣡡
˵磬֪Ƕ̩һܴľ⣬涼Ƕ̩ǧҪҵ˼˰ɣ
Ҵȥ⣿ǾɣըըģûԿףȥֻ˵
϶а취𣿡
ֻԿף
ֻ˵һҸףһҸ׵šӥһƹܾҽҵ壡
˵Ҹǿ϶ҵģӥһǿߣҲȻң壬ȻϲңԿס
磬˹ϵΪβð
˵ԻӦһݷıģ
ҫҲͷԱг۵İٷ֮ʮ࣬ҫɲǱˣ˵һ
ֻ֪ⱨ겻٣ķ̫ˣҪǴˣ컹й
ּҵľڶֻֻ࣬ҪһСְˣʱ򣬸û˻ģ㰲Ǯһãټƻ
⣡
ֻĺܣСⶼˣڹ˾ֲ־ܵϧżĸ÷Ҳòĺɫˡ
һеһУ
ʲôأֻһԿװˣ˵ֵģ˵
ֻһֵĻҵǿһ£
磬Ǿһп˰ļ
ǺǣҺкõķչҫҲ˵
ſС㣬ҿԸ֪𣿡
үոѲʱǵĳӺܿɣץ˹һ˵
ץϧֻϧҲһǱϧ֪Ҫһº밡
˵컹ǵùҲϣ
ΪСĬҺСϧڱϿ羰ȴǱץ˹ˣô㣿˵
ϧҲ˵ֻʲô
ң
ֻ֪ô˵
٣С㣬㻹ǸЦֻ磬ѵû˽˿ռôԼͷɢɢģ죬𣿡˵
԰ҺͰЩ£
£ֻôôΪʲô
ϧҫ档
ǰҵĹ츮ģʲôôЦ
ߣѵҫȥﶼҪʲôҫȵ
Сϧҿǻȥط羰ɣľɫȻȴǱһЩ˸Ūˣ˵
㣡ɱ̫⣡
˵ݣǷ˫˺ûпսģĻߣʸţ
ŶҿǿһÿСŶСϧ㿴ûЦ
֣챻˿ôֻҲʵ
Χмٵ£ǽ¶Ц⡣
椺ǼȻˣǶ䣬ôȥʲôЦ
ҪЮôϧȵ
ҪЮҵֻ֪λǹ䵽ʮ㣬ǾԲܻȥģ
˵λɫӦû۰ɣ
һ㣡
ҫ˵
һ㣿ѵе׼绨ǶŮһЦ
ϧһʱͷϴЦ⣬Ȼе˹ǼѾڵصıڡ
үСӴǼڣ
ģڲ˵һȺͰ
ٺȵ
ҫмҲϢ㣬޷һ㡣
ҫ棬˵ˣ
ҫͷ
Ȼ
ҫ仰ʱͻˣҪ֪еģϾҲ˼߹
ҲֻǴû£ٴοʱҫ淢֣Ҳûڽ仰ˣϾļǵǸϵصԺеĿֲܡ


1295 
ٺֻҲ֪ˣǿͥŲŭȴ޿κΡ
СϧҿģЦ
ǲأϧ˵
𣿡
㿴һ۰٣СӣΪƤϵ˵ӾͲô
ٸϽԼĿӣûɫһ䣬ѵ㣬㣬ɵĶ𣿡
Ҹɵģ
˵꣬ٵĿӱǸЦڿ㻻һֻǴСµͼ˶èġ
ͣ
˶Ц
㣬㣬֣
ϵÿӣ˫קסɣ±лɳˡ
İɣҿûоѱ˿ӵϰߣ
ҡҡͷԸ𣿡
û˸ҿڣҫˣһ۵뷨ûС
߰ɣ
ϧСת˿˵ôҶû˵Ҫ㣡
̬˭㰡ҺСϧһģ
ôҪİСϧԷң˼ֻ
ҡҡͷ֪ԵϧţЦݣһɲĸоҸ
˻صңϧ˵׼ַ𣿡
Ҫһ֣˵
񾭲һ㶼Ůкӵ֣㵹ã򣡡
Ƶģ
ҡҡͷбҰ
㳶ˣԸոյͷϵʲô
ϧ˵ֻ棬ʲô뷨
ֻڲǱִ乬ôʲôЦ
˭֪أһǸپ֪׼û£ǸҫҲڣǸòʲô˽ɣ
һף㵭˵
ô֪
й¶
ֻҲ𣿡
ҵǺʵϣҲֻϣ粻԰ɣʵ
ȻҺҫ֮Ĺʲôϵϧ˵
ͺؼҳԷֻڣͲȥͷǼˣ
˵
ȥһˣ
ֻ֮仹ʲô
˵ϾҲʲôö
Ƿͷ£ȥͷ̽ǽףػؼҳԷϧ˵
Ȼ˸OKƣСϧϴȥ㷿ʱ˶ȥ𣿡
ȥԺҸõɣϧ˵ת¥ˡ

ڶ㰴ϧķԸȥͷڰᵱϢûҫͷ˻ȫǾ
ͷ֮ǿֻģȻʽֻûв
׽֮ȴǿҫûߣˣûߣѵǻнף
ܿ죬ֿһС⼸˶վҫߣһˣӦͷĿϸܵ˱ǿϢ
츮лĿİֻǾ⣬˵Щ˾ҪԸּңϾ֮ϣǻΪ˷֮ףͷѪģ
˲ñǻȥˡ
㣬ֻһ϶ڼûʲôǱأ
ϧʵ
ٺҫ˽һ𣬵ҫȴû뿪츮УҿǽĿģ
ѵֻйأ
ͷԷʱû˵ʲôرĻ
رĻ
ϧ룬ˣ˵˺þûȥ壬ȥһ壡
壿
Һ죬ԭҲǸŶ̩ǧڶǷѵţ
ͷһֱܲǣ̩Ǹʲô֯
⻹Ҫּҵıҵүүһڵʱڻҵ£Ҳƹµүүж˾λãת̣Ȼкܶ˶ŷүүҵĸ׼̳үүĲƲʹЩ˶֧Ҹÿ궼ҵƵǮƣҲģҲ츮ԭ򣡡
ϧ˵̩һھӵȫʿɣҸ츮еҵ۹
ȻǸԺ;ӽа
㶼ЩȣⶼΪӵذ𣿡
ûҪܰҸǸˣﶼأҸףϧ˵
Ǹʲô
ңλ߼죬ǰͰ϶֣ΪΥͲ͵Դүүס֮ڶ̩ǰʿѵˣ
㸸ײ˺ܶ𣿡
Ҹ츮еҵҲֻһСҵˣǧˣǲѵģοƽʱҲŹ˾ܶ߼ְİȫҼпЩڣʵҲǣ
ͷǰûжֻһɺȻ벻ͨϧһͣײ١
ϵ𣿡
ܲã
ϧҡҡͷΪңҸ׶Щ϶˵Ҹ粻
˻ˣҲʵ㲻ѹ
˵ȥ壬϶ʲô£
ҸôֹҰ־ôһӣҪ£˼ҿ϶÷ģ
кصಡã
ͷϴηȣʵǴಡѾˣûϧ˵ֻΪ˲ġ
Ҳȥ˶Ƿ棡ϧ˵
㵹ûֹϧϧϾΪͥ룬ر壬صңѹ˾ȫһ飬˵൱ġ
һȼҶѾһֵĴԽϷĳϷҲ磬ʵϷЧ͡һȼҶ֮
㵹ûϷϾϷвڶģŵĹϷˮƽ
˾ԳƹѾˣҪԵ㿨շѵ״̬ʼӪ
ظй˾ʼǿʼʵѾҪȥˣΪڵϵѾľ磬־磬κ״̬¶ֻٶȵĿͬˡ
ȻȴȻҪΪԭΪڵһ죬ҲζҶ˼Ƿһ졣
ϧĺ磬㿴ʱǳǳĺȦôôôȻè۵ĵزˣ
ϧǲá
ʵɣҲȥ˯ģɫ𣿡
ͷ¸պаѼϧ˵
ʱھǣ
ʲôڵģ
ͣЦЦ
ȥǷ棡
ΪʲôҪ㣿
˵ҹ˾һ鰡㣡
Ҳֻ֪ˣһʲô״¿Ʋã
Ůǆ£
˵ֻ£
㲦ͨ˹˾ĵ绰ţΪʲôûȥ˾ΪίҪڹ˾ҿŵ㣬һظʼģ
ֻϧӵҵƣܾ浱ĺð
ҲԸ˾绰˵˯һ
Ϊ˵İɣǲСģ


1296 
ϧû񾭲ųֱӾˣҲûи㣬ԽԽˣôǸһ
˵ǰϧǰҲǼģ
Ƿ档
츮ǰվչһʿѵ
ʩǴӾģرأ˭ô롣
ǧʿѵ׶вѾɳִбڣǸʿȴΪ˱ϼš
ֻ
СôЩʱûСˣ
վѵУǸ佫ʹжְҲ͸һɾϢ˲׽ӽ
˽ֻȻСͺϲСӡ
壡
ҵͷߣؼ
ѵкܶཨõĹԢҲס
һ·ģֻȷҵĻϲҹЦ
ţ㿴˭ˣ
СӹҲ֪
⸾ҵšֻĸ÷׽ãҲϼס
ֻӺһֱҪǰԿף֪ҵƢǾԲԿ״ϵġ
Сû۸㰡ϧϴ˵ĸŮżǰ
ߣˣżСǸҰ֣
ҺȵּҾСһӺ˭۸ҰһƤ
ҲȥңԶȻҲһŲ֪÷ţߵǷǾˡ
壬Ҳίϧҵļҵ
ֻѹмӰ۷緶
ң
ͬѵнѵһ㣬СҶѵҲ֪Ǻˣ벻Ȼѹȵزˣ磬ǺͿµӣΪҪأ賢᲻˵㣬ί
ңҲ̫ϾҪʱƱػϵȻǵļ£ҲܿСίȥǿĽ㣡
˵
˵Ҳգ壬ξǵİֻ˵
ѵг⣡
⴫һ
ңȥѵ
ҵͷߡ
Сӣȥͣ
ţҲ
ֻȻսǱҵķС
и䣬ֻСʱˣʱģҲЩҪƷ
Сʱ򿴹忪䣬ĻԿҶò
ֻ򿪱䣬˲Ծǡף
ûĶ˹ڱϲ㣬ֻĿֶҲŽҲ֪ôģͷ²ô
ҿĻͦ˰
ֻĳþߣˣû뵽һҺȻô˻
ž
ӵ
ֻ̧ͷһվȻû뵽ֻȻܹѱ򿪣һЩóβ𾪰
ҡ
ô򿪱ģ
ֻûа취ֻðˣɵðҰҫǶǵĴҪ֪ƭǹҰҿּҵĶ磬ҪˣּҶû˴ڽӴˣ
С㣬ôѵصأ֪Կףᱻģ˵
㲻˵Ҳ˵˭֪֪ˣ׸ô֣ԺУãԺĶӣһúТ˳ģ
ҺȷʵûãҲǺϲֻҪԭ
ǲ㣬һʲộ½㶼ҪҵģðɣұԿ׸ɣ
ԿײⱣô
粻ˣӣЩȤƷ˷֣װ滹ΰأ
ޣô׳ĺӾȻҪΰ磿󰡣
Ůʮǣʮ绢ûô
ҡҡͷóһԿȥʱǵøͻĻ£Ҷס㣡
ֻͷ

ѵг¹ʵϾģѳͣѵ⣬ȴǱʮʿΧסһ֮£ֱӳײ˹ȥвٺͷ̱˾
ϧͣǱʮʿΧסЩʿȻóѵʱõǹеָӣ
Сϧ㿴㻹³дǵô
ϧҲʿǹָš
С㣬ô
һٺȵЩʿŰǹ
С㣬˼Ǹᰡ
ûʲôأ
Ѿȥ֪ͨˣϵˣ
ҹȻܿͳˣһϧЩֿһ۵ѩѵ㣬ѵв̣Сӣ㵹ǿ
𣿿ᱻǹָţ
˿Ȧ
壬㣬ҵѣûʲôģֻǲ֪أ
ϧϽ˵ҵһۡ
ҡҡͷѩˣ˷ѣ
ߣϧʲôﶼǾˣʿûʲôֵι۵ģ
֮ȻϧжԶԶ
壬ֻǰݷˣû˼ǣѵҲֻΣ
ϧ˵
㵹ǺܿҲˬ˵ϧֶŮô˼ҵôҪϧԣͷˡ
ݷþͲˣҾæûʱӴˣ
㻹ΪԼǸôЦ
ʲôʸѵңҺȵ
ʿ;ٶŭ㣬ڴˣĻ㲻ðǹҪɱĶС
ЩʿǼּҵģǵͷ죬ŷĺܣ
ʲôʸѵ㣿
һ䣬ͬɢһɿʹΧʿۣٸ˵һ飿Ű赽˼㣡
ھʲô׺ûмȴǴδܵӴ
㵽˭Ŀʲô
ͷѹʱ򣬲ûаϧУϧ֪ʲô飬ΪղһХȻ̸ܹȻ壬ĴŵѵʿĻϧɱߣ
ϧߣֻҹ㣬ͻϧмɾͲˡ
˵˻Χʿ˵˻ͺǱסһ㡣
Ƭ̣ջƣЩ˷γѣٿűΧˣȴһɴδй磬Ҳ㣡
֪ղĹߣѵҲǾԵĸ֣ҲǽӴ߽죬ȴû뵽Ȼǿֵزƶ˵
Сϧ˵ıأʼ硣
ϧһȣ˵ȻˣǾ͵ߣССҲˣҾ۾ۣ


1297 ⱻը
ҲȫΪŸıģԼҲ֪㵽Ǻηʥϧڴ˵أĿʲô
ȻǿǵΣּҵĿܣһǻһŹġ
Ҿ˵һˣôܻôأЦ
Χʿȴ˿üͷ̻ͬᵽһһ㣬ҪһЦñ硣
кϧУ˿ֻɳϿӣ˽Ҳһ죬ò˵ãôҲˣ
ܾûݷˣùһˣϧ˵
㵹ǿСӺܲˬȻ濴ʱĿ̨ϵŮһһ¶ϧЩ˼ˣֻϽң˵ã뿴ʲôӰ
ɣ
Сϧ˼ǣֻҪٶ˵ĽĿʲôԣ治֪ôģôˣɫĿǲ죡˵
ֻңƸ㣬ĻҲǺòУʲôô˿ֽĿɣѵӦÿ
Ӣ۴
ֻ˵һΪƷζߣԭϲ
ϧϲЩϵĵӾ磬˵ҾҲͦõģ
СϧƷζˣϲɺأ
ڼÿοƬϧüȴĵһء
ţڳĵʲôأϧҲˣ˵
ܿ죬ҵһź˵ϧֲкֻһ棬Ҳˣǲ˼
ңİɣԹˣ
ֻ˵ǳԵǹһ
һֱںֻżҳ̣ȴȫûкϧ˵һ仰ҿȥȥˣ˵ϧ˵˭ôϸµģ
ԭҵıڣڻµһϷ˾ܾôˣ岻ϲ𣿡
ûУûУô᣿Ҿ·ּҴ𺦰ҲǵģּôһȻû˵òҵֵˣ
壬㲻ҪˣʵҲֻҵıڰˣɲּң
ϧ˵˵Ǳڣʵͳһѵꡣ
ּңǸߣʮ֮ھͿ쵽ˣּһ֮Ǿٺòˣ˵
У壬ּԼ飬Ҳģϧҡҡͷ
ôܽأðǲһϾֻǸˣּҳôˣ˰
ֻ㲻ڣ̾˵仰Զ㶼Ǳˣʲôõģ
ֻбµļʹͷûµĻͲҪ˵ֻϧµһ仰˵ڡ
ҡҡͷһʹ練ӦģǸ֣һҪ
ϧ˵ʲôȴһ޴ıը졣
ֻɫһ䣬˵壬ô£
⣬һǾˣ
Һȵ

ѵеľεĵطһЩ߼٣ͨʿ߽
ȽķɣżӲޱȣûԿףܽȥ
ղֻһ飬صʮ߼ͬһʱ䱻Ρ
ҫΪ׵ԱǱԿ״˾Ĵš
ҫ汾׼žߵģ˭֪ȴǸһ绰ڿּҾ⣿

ҫ˵
һ飬֮ԺĽӴٷ֮ʮ
˵ɣ
Ѿըˣ
ʲô
ҫ汻ٵĻһ
ּҵľըˣҸΪ˼ϵĴ룬ּҵĶ̩ǧʼǸ
˵ȥɣʱӵǣû˻֪ɵģ
ҫ˼Ƭ̺Ǿˣ
Ͷһը⣬о𶼱ˡ
¡һ졣
ⱻըľ١
ľܹ֧һս˶ľͬһʱ䱬ը֮һź˵
ҲǰѾըϡãҲ˵ĿȴǼӲ
ȫˣ˭ɵģǿɶ񣡡
ţȻ˿԰Ѿը˵ûԿǽȥôôģ
᲻йְּϾҪʮˣʱûô˽

ھⱬըһ˲䣬ҲǸоһӴڵһʱϵֳģվһϣըɷľðŵŨỤ̃üͷ
ȻΪģֻ˵˭أ
һԾ£ϵĻҳҺϧ˹ͬһ˹ȥŵĺôܣôᷢը
Χʿûһ˸һشҵĻЩȻ
ʿûǹеպսɳ
ϧڵһǷϵңȰ˵壬㲻ҪҰְֶѹģ
¶Ҷ֪ôְֽ
Ұ˵ڶǷ濴˼ˣδֹ״һⶼըˣΪңνܵˣ
ңոǿпɵ𣿡Һȵ
Щʿ񶼳һȥϧҲ˹ȥǿ㡣
ܣ壬㲻ģϧ˵
һŭ𣬡ұ죡
ҲһߣֻҲֻǷɽ磬һ߶Ȼ̹ȥ
һ䣬ǰڰ֮жϳء
鶼ûиҪأνͣ㶼Źˣ˵
ЩʿǶƵɱߣ
ǶΪɵġ
ҲǳץУȻĶֵģʱ̣һ
˹
ǲҪ¶ɵģϧ˵
û˻ġ
һӣ嶼ԭϲܶˣСϧǽûõģҲ޷κң
ɱ
Щʿȫγѵʱõǹ
㼸ٸǹ׼ϧ
˿̵Ȼûһ˿ţУЩͬһ㡣
壡
ֻȻҲ˹书ǿոֻ߳ɵĻ˭
ֻͼԣϣЩǹʿǶ뿪ǹϧõġ
ֻ㲻Ҫݺˣ֪㾿ѵʲôΪûͰҵᣡϧ˵
ұԭȴܹ˵㣬֪Ҳ֣Ҿ⣬涼ҼѪҾǻҲ㣡
ҳôҴȥͷ
漴ۿֻֻͷ㻹Ҫ߼޻𣿡


1298 𣿣
ֻȻҲ仰סˣѵѾࣿҡҡͷ㣬㻹˭ʲô߼޻ѻ˵
û£ȻҲ֪ôͨģըˣʮа˾ҫǣУҲӦûһ𣡡
˵
ҫ棿Ǹǵȭ˵
壬˵㻹аְֶϤأ
ϤȻϤʮǰҫǿӹּһΣһΣҼ£һȻִܳˣҺȵ
ֻûʶһ˵ղŻҫأҲϾոѾǰԿ¸ھⱻҵķ飬֤ݡ
㣬㵱ȷǱҫը
ٷ֮ʮͷ
ãٸһϣǶ̩ǧƴˣ
˵ڴ֮ǰұҪжһϵ
䣬ȥֻϵ·ȫϣֻʣһڿ
飡
ֻڵϵֻըѿ˿ֻŵһֻ󣬡ϧҪɱң
ϧҡͷҪĺйأʮΣҲֲʧ
壡
Сһеᣡ˵

ҹϴǵ㡣
ͷ֮ϣ޶
Ǳҵıȫˡ
㵹Ǵߵʱһ㹻ڶάˣ
˵
СûңĻһһ
ҫ˵ֻȷʵ٣̶һʱͰԿŪˣʹǵļƻԲɹ
ЦЦҿ٣ƾ⣬Ӷûлѵ
ǺǣСǰּ˾û˾Ժļ϶Ȼ׸
ҫ˵Ͳ½Ҳը𣿡
£Ϊּ֪һΪ֪ĶԹ
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˻ֱ˳һã
˵ҸҲܸлİպľģ
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һһ
ҫǼҡͷãΧĲ
Ĳ
ҫһϽߣ
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ȻߣԴӼǰǿʵ֮ûаġ
ߣ
ṦӰз䣬߿ң˿֣Ȼҷɽľ磬ǵ
٣ҫ棬벻Сը˾⣡
ɲҵ飡
жεԿûκһ߱İΣͷסԼ
ǷɽȼSߣ˺¶ְ
͵ĵȼASҵĵȼǶߣܹƷɽʵǰ˿ɱ˵ġ
ҫЩʧ룬ԭΪֻҪȱ̬ܹɱ񣬷ɱģ벻ңȻô
ǵʱڼкϧĻûлȥӽ⡣
ǿϰѵҪһͨ𣿡
ҫŭǶĶλЩߣƽʱҫ滹ᾴ֣˵ףЩҲֻĴְˡ
һԵκôҲǸȭҲͨ˰
ԣǳҳȥаγȥҪɱҡ
ɽ
ҽһ壬һӵϷڰкɱ
ɱ
һȡ
ͣ
ɽ
ֱӸһߵĺ
ˣȻ˺Ȼ
֮΢ԣ
Ұγɽɱһˡ
Ѫڰϣʹú߿־һţɱ˵ĳ棬Ҳ£
ԶվһһŮԵõĵѩѣŮŸ߱Զۿͷ㣬˵ûһ˴ԷǸٶѾڵˣǱѵϣһû֮廹Ҫǿϲأ
ʲôʲô˼㲻Ӧþߵǿ𣿡޳ܰ˵
˼һûãڷ֣ߵ绹棬ȻܹƳ죬ȵӾĻҪ
ϧĽ
𣿡ʵ
ϧһЦԶе龰һţȻˣǱɱģѪȣ
ҫ棬û뵽㻹츮Уʮǰ˿Ҫˣ
ҺȵҴ磬껹С㣬ڶǻ˷ˮ֪ͼ
ҲΪΪʳҪģʲô
ģһƴҫǰ
ڶȭĸް㻹֮
ͨ˺ߵĸ֣ͨ˵еٮٮߣҲ˲һ
󴬿һЩ˻Ĺ˶ͷ˵оˣ
Ҿò죬ⶼЩˣоˣ
û뵽˷츮գðʱ׼Ӧ㣡һ
˴ӴֱԾҫǰҫ汻ҴѪ˵ʱ̣ǰ˱ּңɱߣ
ң
С𡯵˻ͦģͬȣЦɽĸ֣
ߣ
ϲһָ㽭ɽΪӣ𡯣û
ǣȻû⻹ҵһ츮
Цңȥڰ𣿡
ʲô㣡
ڰ磬кȻ˭֪ڰ統еߣǵΪǿģǸ޾ɱ¾磬ûʵ治ˡ
Ժڰ硣
Ҫ£Ҳû˵˿
ֻǣҵʦǺڰ統еĸ֣Ҳүү˶Ը½ʦǰѰּҶҪ𣡡ȵ
ǰ㣬ҽҲȻŹǣ
һɽٴδǹ
磬Ƿɽ޷ֻͬһ㣬һ
͡ӥеһģһ

ҿ̱֪˵Ķ֣Ȼȴû˿ˡ
ң𾳣ɽܹ˵ģ
ЦҾͰ㱨˴˳𣡡
ǻ汻׳ͬжλϵͳһֱӳײȥɽոɾ
ͫ޷Ŵ˫ڵȴܹܵǿҵȸС
ͬҪһ㡣

һ羢Х
ͬ羢ɵеһ㣬ʧΡ
ȵǹӦֻӰ콫
ݵصĸо˰ɣ
ߵ˶ϧЦ


1299 ˷θ
ԭǲֵģݻ淸˻ˮҶϧҲƫ̲ˡ
ֻϧղԶǹ֣ǽŵȥҡ
ʵʵҲͱҸһΣеҲֻŻŻңЦ㲻Ҫĸо˳壡
ϧûӦͱ§ڻУ۾Ƭ̣͵ͷ
ϧûоʲôˡģǱ§ڻеĸоȴǺܲ
СӣղǵǱƽģ𲻸Լ۾
Ϊĸŵ̻أЦ
ɷҲҾͲţСС֮ͣϵ
ٴγһ𣬿ȥ֮ղŸǿ
˵СģЩڰУ
ȴһЦ仰˵𣿡
ȥɣ
ǵٳ˹ԭһᵣ£ϾٶҵľˣĻһ䣬ʹת
ȻŹ˹ȥ
Ϲҫȵ
¡
ǹʩչǿѾľȫȴû뵽תֱֵӴĵɶ
ۣ
ںѪ˭
仰ҫġ
㣬ǸС椵ıڣһŲ֪
ϵĸֻ֣һڣȻ
ҲԿۣѵȻѾ֪ʵǿҲֻͷһֵƣȴ浶ǹĸˣȻһܻɱһ𾳵ĸ֣Ͳġ

ڽ﷢˹ȥļ򣬡ųˣô𣿡
ϧҲ˵ԺҪٺֻˣ
ң֪ˣ
ٿȫˮ֪ոϧʱųʲôģ
ˣңҲϲɱˣͽˣҴСϧߣ
˵ϧ߿ˡ
㣬˵ɱ𣿡
ɱ˻ǻɱģ
ʲô˵Χˣ
ûʲôȥ󷹸԰ɣܶ
ЦЦûе
˿̹ҲˣҪ֪ǱԼɣڣ޷ָ
ִ磬ն飬ҪɱҰ
ҫ澪ֵⶼǱٹƻ󣬷Ļȥը⣿
һ䣬ֱӿ٣ȴ˵壬¶ҫԼɵģǰֻͷ˽ˣҳ
㣬٣ʱը⣬ըòҪ
˭Ҫҫ棬㲻ҪƱˣּܱңھ͸ұּң
ٹ˵
ұ˳ͷʹ˭ٳɱ˭
ɽڰ
˵Ķᵽɤ۴
ͻȻ
һԶ򿪣ֱӻҫ档
ž
ҫ滯Ϊҽ
˭˭
𼤶
ܿ죬һӰǡӥ
ӥôڴ˵أ
Ҹ磬Ϳⱻըּʧأ
ӥҡҡͷ
飬һȥģ˸δã
ɱ
ӥĮ
ɱңҵʦǵ֣֪Լͽܶ츮ּһлŵ𣿡

ޱвˣȻйұһĹɣ
ӥȵȥɣ
ҲΪҽˡ
Ҷ𺳡ӥɱϣ˵أ
ǰŵûɢɱҰ壬ɱҰĲҸɵģ
ɱ
ӥȵҪ֣˿ԶȴǴܳӰ
˭ҶҰ
һӰſվЩ棬κòȴ硣
֮ϵĸ֡
Ҹ磬ǵи֣ҿ²Ƕ֣ߣ
һδ㱻ӥֱӴˡ
ܵĺÿ죡
ߣٲܣУ
û°ɣ
ٲ˲ͷϵ亹ǳʺһô
ǻǸյ
ˣһȺϲģ
һˣĿ
ΪʲôǸİᣬùģ
ԣӸոյˮˣʪˣ
ѣôүӺôζȷǵˮﲻ𣿡

ϧؼңϾ֪δֻ
Сϧ㣡˵
ϧͷǽȥˡ
ڿ֮УϣĸǶźˮϣүôˣ˯𣿡
ǺǣЩҪ£˯ɣ
ȻĸᣬһԵ÷úܲˬҪ֪ղˡ
ְ֣
ϧҲˣ˵
ְ֪ڿպ£ֻȻѾȥβʹգϧ˵
գҡҡͷ
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ӥȥСҴ
ʲôүСˣȥѵ𣿡÷˵
ұ죡
÷֪˭ֻþֹүǳըô
ְ֣Ĳҵ鰡ҫͰ֮Ĺᣡ
ֻĵһʱͱ粵
÷ӵͣȵ
ô˰ʲô鰡С÷ȵ
һۣ֮ʣ̳ôĶӣѵеľ⣬ôܱը٣
ʲôⱻըˣĸ÷ͬһʱ侪ȡ
Ů˶֪Ǿڶ̩Ҫԣɼ̬֮ԡ
磬Ҹոͷ׶˵ҫըٵľ⣡
ըĲ٣ûԿף˭ǱĽ⣿͵һȵ
СԿף˵
ҪˣȥҵĿʲô
ѵ
壬ҪҰû¶ֻ޵ı鶼ˡ
磬ʵɣְֲˣϧ˵
ƽϧ˵ֻضջ𣬴˿̣ȴǵͷ鶼ˡ
֣治֪ǻȥըⰡҪ֪ĻǸһٸӣҲȥ͵Կװ
ž
Ƕ÷ģӣƽʱˣξȻѻôζסˣȻģǾȥɣ
ǼǶ⡣
裬Ӱ
ĸҲ˵㣬֪˾ˣôȥ
ã㲻֪ڶģʹү˵öԣҳ軵ӣĻּôܻһ٣
ۣȵ
磬˰ɣСǸúӣҲֻǱٹƻ˰ˣ
ְ֣֪ˣͿɣϧ˵
÷Ӵߣ뿴ȵ
裬ˣıˣʹʹ
ֻ÷ߴܣܵʱ÷ȴֻװװӣֻС裬ҲǵģղǼƴʹôµŶ
Ҫʹ㣬ְͲ֪̣ȥҩƣ÷˵
治뿴ô˵Ļ棬ᶼҪˣ
ţǰȴӰ


1300 ɣ
˼㣬ɫ̾ͱֻǵӵĺܣҳ÷ȴ˵㣬ҶˣζԸ
ԲĶˣһЦݡ
ֻæ÷˵裬˵ˣǿ߰ɣ
ӣ̫ˣϱ۸ģ÷ҡҡͷֻˡ
ȻĸӰ
ڸ̾ʲôأָ֣ϧճ˵
ָҲҪԶİ
ˣƽʱҲôԷ
ֻСϧķˣЦ
ϧߺּҴУ˵磬ҸղŽʱ򿴼㣬˵ϧıڣͷ׾پͻһ𾳵֣Ҫҿ¶ûʸ˵ˣ
ңȷ㡮ӥĺܣ
ͷ
磬Ȼֱ£ּΣϧĹϵǺõĽأ˵
У
ҡͷңΪ㣬ⶼըˣ㲻ŲȣȴŴ˵⣬⼸꾿ѵЩʲô
ҡ磬ô˵ҲΪּҺðҰģ·˽֪һļ˺ڰ֣ǾǺҲδǶ֣㣬ܹΪ𣿡˵
Ҹ磬֪ƢģЩһֱÿǷСģȻϲСģ˼ǣֻҪܹúñС㲻κ˺ˣڼᣬ˳Ȼɣӥ˵
̾˿磬ţƢ飬һ㲻Ķ
ң㲻̫ɥⱻըˣҲûϵ˵
磬˻ûо⣬ǧͬϲģ
˵ҸղŻ˽ľ
Ҹ磬ʵԤϣ
ӥѵ¶ЦݣǰѾܳﱸһС͵ľ⣬ŵĶΪȽ
ģ磬ôҰ
Ҹ磬ֻҺͼ֪ҲΪ·Ĳûиģ
֮ϣֻиľӢܲμӣҲֻҪУѵϵľ඼Щ¾ɵľ𣬱ը˾͵׼»ɣ
˵õ𣬾Ҫŵ£ըǾ⣬ԺȻڶǵķһҲǺ£
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ЦֻǣȻ£ĻּҴа
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Цʵ
Ȼѵӥʱܹɱˣ⡭ӥʵжǿ
ҴûмӥչȫʵҲڲ²ӥΪ
ɱǵָ֮䣬¶ҵʵͲˣһֱСҴıôӥ˵
ָ֮䣡
Һӥ̫͵ˣû뵽ʵȻֲزǸ㣬ʵ»ӥ֮ϡ
ּҺͰͷ棬ȴðϴˬһѣٳˮ󣬱ϰοС쵹ˣҲû뵽ǰҾȻɱ֣ðɳ߼ʹ㣬Ҳܿը¼ּһôʹ飡
֣Ǽһɿˣ
ڻں£Ҳ֪ǸʲôҳͷҪȥϲɱˣ
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˵Ȼηҽɳȥ߸֣ʵҲ̫ߣ
ߵ绹Ǹǧָ֣ôΪʵ
˵
кѣҲ߶ɵģٵߣԸ⵽µģ
˵Ұо㣬ǲң˭
֣صԿ壬Ҳ·磬֮ףһǰҵˣ
ͬʱЦ

⼸㶼ڹ˾æε飬һȼҶ֮Ƴ˵㿨ģʽϵ۳ֻЩ֮У˾ͳ֮㻹ǱοȻ˲ûһȼҶûȴȻǹ֮
εĿŶӿϢҲ˿һ˵лᣬʵԼ룡
ǰҪʶ飬ϷָһӶûأ
ЦЦҴѧʱҲиΣʵͬʱʵҲˣϷһ·ȥɣ
һȼҶͬʱûѾǧˣۼƵעûһǧڹڵĴǿģȻ⼸3Dһֱ
ڹǿϷ˾ȻѶ磬ѶϷLOLCFǻ𱬿ǰһȼҶҪ׷ȥҪһʱ䰡ţͷ
ȻһȼҶͻѾѶϷ½ǶĳԽǣ
ЦˣֻĳԽôħأôûˣ

ǶµڣֻûпôԶ
ɢᣡ
˵ȥúǵĿģڵһô
ǣ
㵹ûո˵ֻΪ˼ǣ˹˾㿪׼ȥƵʱȴǴӴ⿴һĻŮ׷ӷĻ档
֣㿪ʲôÿİǾװװĸ񿴵İˣ
ĳЩͷˡ
ȥͶ̥
ҲŮѾӷƵ棬Ѿ˳
ӷధ󣬶Ů˵һϵпƵ飬ŮȴƬ̵Ļ㱡
˿̣ӷȻγͼŮȥԵǣŮʹ֣ѵ߷ڵء
ӷȻӣŮȻ׷
ɣѳߣݣǸͷ֪ôģ³øͷԵȥѾ˺ܾá
㵹ûԷĻȻΥ˽ͨͣ˱ȥ
۾ŮӷȻӲķۡ
ŮǰסӷȻӷ˿ȴЦּܳˣЩﶼżһǷĸͷ
ϴаЦŮ߹ȥ
㿴֪ᷢʲôˣ֮ԻôעŮȻΪŮʶġ
ھʹ崿ֽ㡣
ãСΣգ
飡
ıʱ˴ţǸղĳﻹһѴͷڴ˵СӣԵĸϽ³Ǹͷĵ֣ĺÿ
ųڿȥͻȻ˲۾ŵõأոջİôͻȻʧ˰찡ɲɣ


1301 㿪ǹ
㱻ŸͷĻΧţĻЦС椣Ըôȥ찡ҲұһΪȲĸĹ£ͲҷˣֻݣһȻûд㣬أ㻹ǵУ
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ǾͶ˲ְ
ЩеĺеǹյĸˣֻЩ񲢲ῪǹƵģûкһ
С̫ƣҿǹģ
УǹֻţӰģ
Щ춼ǳ˹ȥ
С椣翹ˣøú㣡
飡
ǹȻˣ
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ҲǱβſǹģҪ֪һץ˵пǹ
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סĻŭ⣬㿪ǹҶܣҪͱһ
ӱУҪͱȥ
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һűǰǻ߷ײȥˣץסҲһСʲôӰ
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⸫ͷҲ츮һЩں֮ڣרձʵС
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ˡ
Ļ찡п
㣬Բ§ôˣѾ߿ˣлл㰡
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һոձһߵӦûڴȥǷˣֻĵ̫ˣ治֪Ϊʲôѡ񵱾ģЦЦ
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Ǻǣ㣬Ҳû뵽Ȼڸҳ־ңϴھ¼ڹҾ֪ǸˣҪؼ𣿡˵
׼Żȥ˸POSSã֪ңұϾǸмҵ˰
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ҲͣʻΥ棬ҹؽȥ
Ц
㣬㣬ΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ôӢ۾ȻЩ춼һģĿľ㣡԰ɣ
ʼ磬
ģ˵ʵ㣬Ǿ֣ΪϴδﰲȫȥͿΪΪΪʶŮĻǾֳôܷУ
½˵ֻ죬׷㣬⣬ʺ֪İְ˭ô
ڵְͦ˭ģȻ˳
һƸ˹ȥ
ž
ֶһơ
㣬Ȼ㣬˰򾯲죡
ϵ˹
ֵľ춼˹Χ㣬Сӣ˰ɣû˵˭ھﶯִ򾯲ģ
ҪǲˬĻҲһƣ
վ
е㲻ˬΪϲС椵Ĵžģû뵽ٴν˾֡
˾־ˣ½ȶһľ졣
ǰ־ֶûзôƵľ찡ʱڽ
ģ㾹ȻҶ⣬Ĳ˰ɣ
½Ȼӳγǹǹָؿڡ
һ½Ǹʲôþ¾ˣҪǹΥģ
ϵҲ˵½һӣǹҵѣ
ţСӾ͸ңӲŹģ㣬ģľͶģ
㿪ǹ𣿡Ц
ûпǹѾҪô
½ǹؿڣ࣬ʹ˶һ¡
ҪĿǹ㻹еþȣ
ǹô˿أҶô˵
Ѿıң
½۶˰־ȻҲھҵĴ
û˵½ڰгǹ֮⣬ûпǹˣǹƽʱҲǲȥġ
ǹͳʵҲҪ㣬һƣҪŵ¹ġ
ˣ½Żóһ
ȻķӦ⣬û뵽ǲǹһȻԲѵ½
½ѾֻҪ΢嶯ɿӵࡣ
½ʲôΪʲôǹָ㣿
㻻·˵
Ҫɱ
˿̣Ȼ½˷ɿ˰飡
һǹ࣡


1302 
ǹ졣
ʶͣû˻뵽½˿̻Ὺǹࡣ
סͣľˣû뵽Ȼղżֲȥ·ĻͲˡ
оΣ֮ɫ
½еǹֵɱˣɱˣţɱˣ
ȫղ񾭽֮²ŻֿǹģƽǸһٸӣҲҿǹ
½ںڵڿǹɱˣﰡ
һΪӵٵġ
ҡҲҲΣҲǹУ½
ɱ˭ˣ
һǰԭ˫۵㣬Ȼ۾
ͨ
ŵþȻײӣˤڵأôܣӵ໹û
ΧľҲ˵ûˣһ˿ڵĺۼûа
˿㣬ˣ
ãΪҵ𣿲ʦ֣ӵţɱ𣿡ʼ硣
Ҵȥɣⵥͨأ㼱æ˳ȥ
ߺ󣬾ˣʦô°ȻǰģòϲС˰ɣ
ϵ㲻ʲô
ϵ˵ʵҺ㲻̫죬ֻͦģĳЩˣխͰγǹȻɱˣҪ󷽣ǹָͿĳЩ뿪ˣ
ϵ˵ˣȻڵһŵ½
Ǽǵǹ滹ӵģȻûˣϳ
½ҲǹģӵǹһУõһ㶼ûŵ
ģװӵӵǼٵģ
½Ȼǹ׼˴ȣ˶Цﰡٵľͼٵ£Լٵʲô̶Ȳǣ
Ӿǲģ
飡
½һǹ
ӵĴϣ̾һѪ
Χ챾ǹǲΪȻģȴǿ½ѪһţǹӵоȻ
㻹ǲ˰

½ǹʱѾ߳˾֣˶ǹ죬˵ôֿһǹǵģǿǹҲܵһ
ǹҲ߻𰡣Ц
㵹ǲ˵Щʲô˵ոռȻû£Ҫ۾װһΪıأ
ãʵҾ뿴㵽׹Ĳң˵
ȻİҪ㣬ڿ±Щץأ߰ɣԷȥ˵
С椻ǵĿ԰
ѡһСȽҲ࣬˵ұȽϲλã
ҲǣȻ˵
Цʿϲʲôϲʲô
ôˣ
㻹֪νͣû뵽һֱͰô롣
ˣܸϴôþֳı𣿡
ǻô
ǣ
Ҹ㣬ɱ𣿡ҡͷ
ЦЦǲͶˣֳ뷨һģҾǸҷˣҲţ
Ĺܺðǰѧô
ģ˵㣡
ǫ飡
ҡҡͷˣôѡ񵱾ģ
ҴСϲ죬ҰְҲ֧ң
ְҲǾ죿ǲǶӳİ
½ʹİְ˭Ļ֪С椵İְһҲǸˡ
ɲǾأ
˵꣬ǿһͣ˵Ұְֵĳ
ɣ
߳ˣǰ˶Ŵ£Ǳڡ
ְǱ𣿡
뵱Ȼ˵
Ȼǣ
ҡͷ
飡
ǹ
ãҪҰְ֣
ȻֱӾͳ˳ȥ
㻹״һۿȥո³Ѿһ󳵺棬Ѿγǹ
Ȼһǹս⡣
˴Ӳͬ˳ŵ˭гµ񣬾ͲٶزصˣǸΪĺù٣û취˻˴ǮǶԸ㣬Ϊֻˣ
г
ĸװɣ
ҪǵĻС椾гǧˡ
Ҳܺý½Ϊʲôǿĸˡ
㣬ôҲ̫Σˣɵ
֣Ǿ죬ҵΣ˵
гˣжǹе׶༪ٰ
׶༪٣ǳȥǵʲô
гҪȥȴǱԱһסˣг㲻Ҫ嶯Ҳ֪ǵĿʲôȥǴﵽĿģ
֣Ų˵Ĳ㲻ܳȥȥգ츮еļǣ

ߣг㲻ĻǾ͹ˣ
ǹų󻺻˹
гߵڳ˳ȥͶԷչǹս
Ѳڣ
ܼǹȥ˵ĵطҪֻʹιȥˡ
˻󣬴˵Ϯг֪ǹôΪʲôҪôɣ
ΪʲôС椣㻹̫ˣҪĻҲ㣡
Ϊһ˺ȵ
ŵ㿴ˣҡҡͷû뵽һҪСΣ㻹ң
㣬ÿ
гȵҪץңŮҪĻҶƴƣ
гϺǾ̫ˣǵĽҲֻȥԸˣ
ߣ
гһ
֣Ҳ㱻ץߵģ㣡
γǹ
ҲֻһǹѣһЦг㻹ииôõŮֻϧ̫ˣ
һ˳ȥһžͰеǹС椣ûǹˣ㻹ô
㱣
һ˹
ҲûˣȴǷ֣ԺȻһӰ
㣬˻ˮǹ
ǹ˲𣿡
Ҫ֪ղȷʵǿ½һǹҲ֪ô롣
Сӣǿ
ҵ緶
·ƽεֻ뷨Ҳ̫ˣֿȭǹ
Ц
һ編ƣһߣͼߵ㣬ֻһŸߵоˤȥͨ
ôˣûˣʲô˧
⼸˶Ϊͬǻһӣûоʲôرġ
ˣҽûգˣ
һӣһϣеǹе̾ˤ˵ϣ
㾪ˣûзȻôһˣ⣬أܵ𣿡
ĿǿгģиǷųâһԵŲ˵ҲߣȴһǹȻƣ츮Уʱһλ˲ţ


1303 ǣ
˱̱ڵϣ˵һ䣬˿Ȼ
Ҫ֪Ҳ츮һĴ֣ǹеУû뵽ȻҲĲ³һĶĺܡ
㣬ְֽһ£г˵
㣬һѣ˵Ҳɣڶξˣ
˵㣬Ұְ֣츮егǸĺù٣
ͷҲܹܵгɢˣ㵹м־أϾΪ
гã
СӣŲոն˵ߣ
г˵
Ųˣ˵
ǫ飬г⼸δã
ЩɱֶǷ£ֻ֪Ƿ˭г˵
˶ͷƺ˭˵
ߣ˵Ļ˾֣¾ͳˣŲȵ
磬˵˵˵Ҫǹˣ
˵ҲҪ׷ɱģ
أҲҪڼ
һ׼ſڣȴǷֺһʹû˵ˡ
ҲһǱڲӴġ
ΧˣŲһ
Ѿˣ
㵭˵Էмƻ󲻳гɱ⼸֣
֣˭ôģ˵
ҲҸط˵ɣ
Ų˵꣬˱ȥһᡣ
Ǵ̸۵ĻӦǺ˽ܵģȻҾȻȥ
㻹عԢˣгɱɲ鵱С
޷㣬һ־һҲǸ֮ˣûʲô˵˽£г˵
ǰ㶼ˣԼأ
Լˣ㵹ϲµĳƺ
Ǹմɱ֣ǲ̫˵㣿
οǼᣬҲֻи֪ô˽ܵĻ飬˸壬˲ܻ֣
㻹ǾЩ˼ˣһֱΪǶţгȻҲ˽ȥ
֮ϵӮң츮лʮ꣬Ϊʵ츮֮һ㣬ǾͲò£
Ų˵嵱УȻһֱǶ԰ȴмϲ˵ȴǲ֪ôأ
һֱԼžĿɽ㲻֮ϣˣ˷֮׵λã츮лзٿԣ
ҡͷɱˣɴСҲһǰϸҸɵģ
֣ǻ᲻ּҺأҾС壬ʹڼҲͷӦòȥûͼɣ
˵⻰ʱһ㣬ȻּЩϵġ
Ŷôˣ
Ҳǣ
ҡҡͷұŮϧıڣҲڻµ˼Ϸ˾ܾ
ҵˣһȼҶǰ𱬵ϷϷ˾Ƴģ˵ôôأ
Ų˵츮ȻЩĺܡ
Ųհ
˵ܹú¡һȼҶֱΣ붼ţ
벻ּԨԴǳ֮ˣҺйδĿĲֶ֮ˣ
ҡͷң
ӦҲܰɣ
˵æ¿ŵݵ飬ôʱ仨طϣȻҲֻҵһ²ˣ
㣬˼¾ǰҸɵģ˵
пܣ
˽İңӦþδĿĲֶ֮ˣȻûмϣҲ̫ȷ
ǰ㣬Ҳõȥ
г㵹һʣ˵
ͷ
һֱ˵Ϳ쿪ˣڵǺʱ
ڲȷģһǲǼĴˣ
һ
㼴ߣҲӦ֪ϻɣǱά֯
˼
ͷϻӦвְɡ
ʱûг츮УֻҪǳˣôζżٿҪʱˣ
ϻһޱȹ֯κμ壬£ǣ
ǵָƣûĸսǵȨ

㵹ǵͷɫҲصԢȥˡ
ϧɳϿӣҡͷôôŻأ˾˵뿪ˣ
ʱе
˵ϧЩ죬˵СϧǲǺҰ
㣡
ϧ˵ÿٰĿĻǺܶᵽҲȥ
ȥİֻС̫Ѳˣ³Բ
Բɣָ֣

ڶȥ˾Щ񣬱ϧȥݡ
ݵܲҲһݡ
ΧַǷܶ񶼷׷߽ݡ
Ҳÿֵһ졣
ȫߵһҪ
ǰ飬һһ׺һ㣬߾ˡ
ϾȻʵᣬѧҲҪϱİ
δȻﵽһʮ涨Աò뵱УĻδĹھݣɽˣ
ɽͷҲЪЪˣȻ˵óһ׺Ծǽͷ
ݵĹҵŮҲμδ

ĸоȣС椲һϲ쭳ôʲôʱȻˡ
ϧҲЩ棬ʼûҵɽϧкС㣬ʦ𣿡
԰˵ҪҸϲǱμɣ
ǺǣҲ֪ʦôģͻȻ֮ҪμӱˣȻСʱ򣬵ҲкܳһʱǳˣؿҲ߹ģ
ɽҡҡͷ˽⣬Ȼûʲôġ
ݵ¥һҵС椾Ȼһѵڴɳﻹдʡ
ЩݵĹ֣ƱСȻҷųҪݵĳӣҪ֮ߣΪɽʦֲμӣݱûô
Ӵȭͷˣ֪СʱͲôˣʵҲͦõİ
Щյ̨ϡ
˲ЩɣҪˮȴû뵽ĵݹһƿˮϲ⣬һˣȴƲΪСϧأû뵽Ǹǣ


1304 ɾѧ
ܾС椵Щ⣬ĵˮȻҲҡҡͷί״ǰˣȻ˵ôǣ
תҪߣȴǱ˻ȵȣȱ߰
ֶţŮܲû𣿡
䡣
װˣСһĸ֣֪ϧ㣡

˵ô󣿡
㣡
˵ˣҲһƽϣ㲻ָʲôٳɵİ취ûУõĵһ
Σ
𰡣С㣬ʵһֱҶӢȵˣôܼأ
ͻȻ˵
ʵãҪ˵Ҷ֪Լĵطұ㻹ܿǿǣ
ܼѿڶ
ϲ𣿡
ϲ
뵱ȻͷȻ޳ܵһ־簡ţҪСոôܻ˵ôΥΥĻ
ðɣĳķϣͽһаɣ
ֻһУ
ܲһ
һʣԱ죬ѧһУˮ׼˻ĵ֣
Цø֮׵İ
С㣬̽Ұɣ

ص㣬ʦһûУиͳİʦǣĻҲܽ㣬˵
°ʲôǰô
ȻΪҵĹǰ𣿱ʦոͽҪߵȴܰ·ߣֻҪӵǶˣ
˵ĵòȻʹмš
ֿɫǵĿ⿴ңҵʦһԷ޵ŮˣɫزҶ˵Ҳ֪ɣ
˵ǻҵĳأ
ࣣ
㻹Щ˵ȴû뵽ֱûüһǣѾվԭء
ﰡ˵
㿩ĺˣҸոڼҵС粻ǳˣ
ҡ㲻˵
˵ʽѧôҪ̸һĹ򰡣ô
ɵľѧ
˵ˣ
ţأ
ȣ
ã㲻ˣҰɣ

Сʱ¥˵ǰ˵ʦøҶˣ
ˣҪò֮һ͸ģ
һ壬һˡ
С椷ٶȻǿ죬Ц治֪ں˻似Ƚ̸С椵ǶԻǴأ
һ¥Χ۵ԽԽˣȻ˲ˡ
㣡
㳯֣ˣӦļα
ôţұվ̨˵ÿֵһˣҲǺң뵽츮егĹ֤ˣעĿ£κε󣡡
г
ֻȥԵĽ˼ĻҲȽϲԲŻҵ롣
ȴֻҪ̽̽ĵװˡ
ߣݻǻأȻгˣԽˤıԽۣгע£ûõ֮ǾͳȫǵЦˣ
ǿɲǶɳֲμӴȥǾֻһܻɽת˽꣬ǰ޵˴ɣҪѪΪߣŶ갡ʮ꣬츮Ǳˣ
һЩݵ˶š
ݵĹ뾢ҲڼαϯϣݵĹҲǶǱĿľΪδĹԡ
Ҳ˱μӣȥ˶Ų׵ʵȻ飬Ҳ֪飬ɽҰġ
ȻŮܴ䣬ƹݣ¸ĸģϣŲ֮̊ϣҪ֪ȭۣǵ㵽ֹҲǼ˵ġ
ɽЩİѲҹĿߴԵĿһۣͣ˲һӣȵɽΪʲô֮ϣ
Ҫμӵģһԡ
Ҫμӵģ̨֪֮ϵգһ£ζԵȥ裿˵
ǱߵǳɽͻƳΪ֮ѾûˣȻŮ޶Ҫ̨ˣЦˣ
죬һ֤ǿ֮ȻңҲ츮ͳݣ
ûңǰﶫݵˣˡ
ұòУɽȴ˵ʦͱļˣʦҲֻ̨棬ڱϿţ֤κˣ
ߣȽٺˣôµģ
˵꣬ǰѱһЩ˵
һʮԱһսһֱսʣʮˣ
Ҳͦ򵥣ֻҪ̨֮ϣˡ
ܿ죬Աץηֳ˳
һһӣϻŸոûı׻
ϧ˵㣬ոȥ˰ôûӰ
ȥ¥תתˣݻͦģ㶼·ˣЦ
ƭ˰ɣμ˴ҵͦģûȭأ
˵
һ¥ֲżʮ̨츮Ҳֻݲ
ʮ̨ͬʱ
ŮҸմӵӰԺû뵽ʱô׻úóŶһ
ԱٺҴɣ
ˣȽ㣬ȥԣ
ɽǣ̨չ֫ȥţƵӡ
㣬᲻Σհô֣
ģӦûΣ˰ɣ
Цпðˣúܣ
Ȼһȭȥûд㾡ȫʹԼЩκģ룬֪ͲھƵˣƣ
һͷһȭϡ
ͨ
Ӯ
ԱʵϲûˮƽƣֻҪȰܲμӡ
Ҳãһν֣Ǻһ߽֣Ӯ£Ҳʵ
ʦʦӮ˵һɽ˵
ҿˣʵ̫ϾСʱҲһʱ书ҲЩӣĶֿ϶֮ǰǸһˣ
˵ûж֮ǲҪֻôһŮ
ͲҪˣŮѾôˣҲԼ˼룬˵ŮǰϲѧϲΪʲôôתأϣܹ֮ô
˵֪ŮԸʺϵ죬һȥһĸϣŮܹҸôһζֹʵ䷴
˵꣬ҷŵͷг˵ĶԣŮˣҲ÷ˣ


1305 ǹܣ
һ֣Ӯɡ
ڶ֣ӮøôҴ۾ԷȻ岻ΪɣȨ
ֹһʮԱѾʮ
ȻɹأȴȻû˭ῴһСȡʲôɼģ֮ˡ
к֮ͽѾ̨¿ʼǶĵĲ˭ܹʶСڵڼֱ̭
㣬ֵĶֺǸأϧ˵
һۿȥ̨ȷһǱһɵ״̵̬СʱԼĹмġ
磬ĶˣѾ˲Ҫ飬ʱгǰ󣡡
ݷ뾢˵
ҲЦŵͷ
̨ϵĴȴʧˣҲ֪ѧǼһ򲻵ȥ
Ϊ㴵ţأס貨΢ȻǸͷʹ򲻵ңϲ
Сʱڣֻһں˻似ȣһ貨΢ߺһУе֣
ǣô
ЩԼ۾ôȻʩչģҪѵһֱ͵ѧ书
ʦҲû뵽ȻҿδϷɽ˵
飡
һȭǼеؿڣӮñʤ
̨֮ŭӶЩһָۣ
һ̨ϣҲһѸKO˶֣Ƕݵϣ֮ǡ磡
òӢü֮ɢһ˿ᣬҸոտıû뵽ŮӴȭô
ڴڨ𣿡˵
ˣҲϲŮˣ
ۣ
˳Ǹİ
ߣ
ҡҡͷתˣƺܲˬķӦͷôˣô˰ûȨ
ʮıмʱϢ
ϧ˹Сϧô⾪ϲɣ
ģһ֪ԭһŮأ
ϧЦ
⻹Ƕˡ
û˵꣬ǵһۣȣõһǰʮˣʲôõɪģ
㣬ôֵĹˣȻ˵˼ңϧ˵
õһɪ
ص̨
ԭڳӦûʮѡֽһ֣Ǻźѡڱʱ򣬶ˣѾû취нıˣڳֻʣѡˣ
ѡֳ֣Աλ˶ֱܹӽǿ
ɽ˵
˿ʼץΣһֽϾȻǿհס
ſհ׵ֽߵϧûСȻŮ尡
ϧЩǲǺˣԸҲˡ
㵹Ц˽丽ɣܲЦĺͶһ
㣬Ϊ
һϧҡҡͷˣСˣͲˣ
һֱܿͽˣһʣѡ֡
˵Уݺݷֱˡ
˼ǣе˶Ƿͬһ
ľȻ֮
Ҳȫͬ
ݵͺȫʶԷһ׺ݶֱѶԷߵĶãӮ±
ҲǱӣⶫݵˣô⸱ԣ⻹ûһˣ
ǰԺҲȥѧˣҪǳ֮ѵôǻ˵ã

ģô£ҪôôǶݵ󶼱ٵˣ
磬㲻ǲ֪ʣȡ⣬ҲƲԼ
뾢˵

ˣȴܰ٣սҲǱѧԱֻȻƽⲻ貨΢ܡ
Ȼˣ벻
ҵ¶ЩЦǰڵŲ̊ˣǵһһսȴǲûˡ
ʦãͣݵάˣ
ѧԱ
ΪԺ۽Σ㶼ŮҲ˵
֣İɣɽʦֲڣػݵϣ
ȵȴҲ˵㣬Ҳʧġ
ǲ֪ߵغҲǸδɵĻëС֪ȥʦɽһ߱ͻѪ꣬õ֤֮Լѵʱˣ㻹ΪϣĮ̆¾Ȼ˵
ҲЦ˵ʵĺٺʦִһӮһŮˣδЩʤ֮䣡
ʤ֮䣬ҵҪʤ֮ģȵ
ҾַٰǷ֪Ҳ㲻ʧ˰
⣬ȴһ
һ۾ϳǺǰ¶İҼϡ
żλߣߣʵףҲƨЩٻζȺп㣬
ֲһ򶼲µôȴĳ
˵
ƣ˳㿴ݽܷݣ
ϵ˵ֱӣչ˶ݣȻϣݿԸɵݡ
ӴгˣҲˣ򵥰гˣ
Цƺûа
һ򻥲磬Ҳ嵱ΨһҲˡ
֪㣬û
磬
뾢óλá
ȴҡͷǶȲã´ﲻҹۿЧ
ǰ磬
ȴǿг֪Ըһλô
ϴ˻һȫž
˾սгȨ
ˣǻˣ˵츮е˭˵ô
Ұģп
һ游׵ǣ״ȴҲǲҿڡ
һδڡ
гȻǿЦģʵ￴һҪ飬ֵ֧һӮˣڵӻǰҲῪģǰˣ棬Ҳʹĵģ
Цֵ֧ˣ
磬𣿰˵㣬ɱԷɣ뾢ȵ
ϲ̫ϻͺһ˵صУʼջᷳģһѾ˰Сʱٲʼǻƻ˶Ҫˣ
ԣ
ִ밲ϵ࣬ȻȨߵķȡ
λѡ볡˭ʤˣ
綼˽ȥŤŤֱۣ磬УȻǲмһ˵ġ
֪ңûб˵
ߣΪ˵ˣҾͲɱ𣿡ҡͷ
ֻһ⣬Ϊˣ
ʲô⣡
ǹܣ

ͷκ˿̣ȴȫЦס
ԽԽˣ
ϧĳ˵ļ򣬡̫޳ˣ


1306 ڰ˫ɷ
ͬڶǹˣΪû˸¶˵ҲͲ෹͵͵ЦЦȴãȻô˵ǹܣ
ȫĿ
ŭġ
оǷŭ֮ɫͻȻоЩı仯
һȻֱѪ

Ȼˣ
û뵽ŭȻѪ˿̣һϵˡ
ø
ͻȻֹâ˵ãȻʱͻѾΪˣ
ʦǸΣȻܲμӴѡڱϵͻȴڴ˷֮ڣʦȻ죬УȴٳϾֻǸͨߣɽ˵
Ƕֶһǰ;޵ˣˣƢǾȻģ뾢˵
һҪл㣬ȻҳѪΪˣ˵
Ҳû뵽Ȼᷢ˱仯˵ͨߵУ޵еĴڣȴǶȻ򲻹ߵġ
˿̣ȴЩģ˳һۡ
ȴǳͷҲ⵭ĵͷʹٴӿһǰδе
ҵҪô˵ģ
˿ȻѾͻƳΪߣȴֻ΢ʹ΢ҲûǰŮˣһֻһ򵥡
ͻߣҲȫˣʤƺѾ˶ݡ
һоͿԻ㣡
仰ǱС͸ģ
˹ȥ˫ȭ磬ûһ˿ֱӳȥȭȭƴ
һ̣ȴǾЩԾˡ
Ȼ˫ץסļ
ôģ
ȣ
˴۾һĻˣԭھƵȻס磬һ崦
ʹ

ֻоһҪһľʹ㵹ȥ
һУ
ֻһУ
ֻȴû뵽Լһɱˡ
ۣײаʲôȣ˵еľô
ѹС˵ʲôˣһȥҪǹĻֻܱˣ

ſڵʹĴת˭ܹĳһλոս׵ߣȻһŮһŸ߱ˣ
Щһֱֶ֧ݵһӾһȫͷȥ
뾢ǲģôܣôܻ䣡
òҪŭˣոջгûãֱӳһĽⲻǳĴԼô
ҪǷֵܶ˵֮ʮþȣôܻ
̫ˣӮˣΪӮϣѾΪʷϵһλŮˣ
̫ˣ̨ŮЦòãΧҲɷĽ
ߣ
̨ϵԽǻãϾԽǲˬ
Ҳ˵֣Ҫ֮ϣǺÿģ
ͷ뾢ˣͲȥϣǵȻ֪ϵðǣҲֻˣֻ·ɱһС
ߣ

ߵһλԱȴ˵һ佱ʽҲð
ҪԼҾҪˡ㣡
ҡͷ
ϧϺôƢԱ£˷֮ף츮л˵㣿
ҲǵͷŬŬּõ֮ף
ְ֣һ㲻ҹʶ̩飡ҲҲЩУ
Ǳ㣬ˣ
˵
ݵˣҲߣ뾢ȵ
̨²ٶݵ˶͵ĳУ±ϳ
¸ëߣһôʲô˲ģ˼ˣںһΣ뾢Բѵ
ⶫݵƤĺܣֻܹ˵óȻ˵㣬Ϊ츮еͳ˿
ݣ
ݣ
Ӱ
һһס
㿴˵·ҲһЦ˾ĺڰ޳һһԾ̨
˿̣ȫΪ𾪡
ϻδţ߱˵߸֣Ϊߣ
˶뿪ֻһ˲У
ߵĺ˵
λǣΪ˵ҸоԾ
֮ԼгŮȫ뿪
ұǰ˺ȵͻȻһСʯ飬ʯ黺󣬱Ȼһƣֱײ˴ϡ
¡
ˡ
Ԫؾ磡
һ˵ܹʯ˲ܹеùģ
ҲЩ˼ǰˣĿǰΪֹߣٿʯԪؾ磡
ܺã
ȴȻֵһģ
ߣ
ǰ˺ȵ
޸˵ȸϽˡ
ݣֻʣţԼŮ
ңݴŵʧǻյ㣡
ҡͷ֣Ҫ⳥ѣ
û´ĻλӦϻˣ
ϻᣡ
۾ѩ
ǼҲǻȻѹ
²ĲϻᵱеĵСֶӳԱһһףڰ˫ɷ
˶
ϻġ
ϣңԼгϻʱζʲô
嵱УΨȱһˣ
˵
˳ųɨһۣŮϧڳ԰æ
ϧЩ˶Ƿˣǰ죬Ѿоܴ̼ˣ£оȻһӴʯƷǷٶ仯
ã˵ˣ츮еһЩ壬гͰˣ
ȻƲȴء
ͷλȻϻʹߣȻѻ
л
Ҳ˻ȥٸЩ
ʹߴˣǷҪʵ
ϣңϧãһº
˵
һº
˶
һº󣬿¹츮δֵı仯
˭ԼܹΪ֮ס
ϧҲһǰ첻Щδ÷֮׻ʲô죬׶ڰ˫ɷ׶Ϣ֮ģҲЩƽˡ
СӣȻҰˣЦ
ҪһˣǺ˵
˿̣˲˽ʱ˵Ǿ仰˵һ˲ܴ뿪
˵˭
ڣҲһЩߵġ
ļߣݵļϣݵļˣԼĪڶʮҡ
ЩжЩ
Ͼϻߵеľһֻߣͨ˲С
뾢
˺ȵ


1307 ظ֣
ף
뾢ң֪ʹߴˣңû°
ǰҹܻȾƸʲôô
뾢
ȻǵãǰȾʱһŮ˷ִɱˡ
飬Ǯ
ȴû뵽˻֪
ߵ磬ɱͨˣ죡
뾢ŵùĵҩȥģҲûôĵʶû뵽ɱ˻ô鷳ˡ
ǺڰߣĻֻҪǱҪ㣬뾢ɷ
뾢ͷǺˮǱץȥһӿܶڻص츮ˣ

Ӿǲ
뾢䣬αһٶͨȻǼ죬ڳڵУȴǻޱȡ
Ѿо˷뾢ڡ
ߣ
һתһˮˮ˲з뾢
뾢̳һ
⣡
ϧ§ļ򣬡£Сˣ
ϧһ㣬ߣ·ʲôˡ
λʹߣĪɱʦܰŸ䣬Ĺأ

⣬ɣ˺ȵ
ϺڣʱҲˣߣ
ڰ˫ɷһǰʧҲǴߡ

Ŵ˿
Ҫ֪ղźڰ˫ɷǴѹȸʵ̫ˡ
㣬û˲оƵġ
ݵ˿һįķζʦʦҲǾȡΪ˸椣ɱˣ˵лһ޸֮Ů๼
һû˵ݵӶˡ
һº󣡡
¶ҺһۣҲˡ
㣬ǻȥŮҲȥˡ
֣ôһֱüͷأһºһºҲһǰң˵
֮·ͬСɣҵʵһֱ嵱жǿģоıҪǣ̸ף
ҼϧҲڳûжᣬ漴˸⣬ˣǺ˭ѧģлһȣʵں
С
ѿڶС㣬˵С
С
˶Ŀࡣ
С
ôܱĳ㣡
ƣ㲻ҪңǿӰѧģΪְǰ׳𣿡
Ұһۡ
Ӵְ֣ͱˣǸظֲҰ˵ֻҰСʱأ
˵
д£
ظ֣
ɽɫһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôѵǸҵˣ
ɽôŸʲôû˵㣡˵
ʦǣǾЩְˣɽش
֣Ȼ֣һλظֽŮֻ˰Сʱʱ䣬Ϊ츮һŮʲôֵģ
˵ԣȸ֣׽㹦˵ĪǺʲôĽװɣ
һͷߣϰֵĶȥ˰Ϊɫ
룬ְôƯһΪʲôûȤأѵҲǸģ
ãǷд£ɽʵ
ţǿ㣡
С椣
㶼Щڽˣ
ɽ
㣬˵֪Ĳ𣿡
˵
ϧҲ֣߲ŲԸ˵뱣ܵģزǲˣ
ʲô㻹ʲôܣ˵
ʵҲֻǿһӰ
ֻһӰ
һֱվڴ⣬ֻǿıӰǸӰҾÿԵǧŮ뿪ʱùҪѾߣ˶Ҫ˵ľǺε֮ˣ
㿴ã㲻Ұγ˵ɣ
㣡Ǻǣ⣬һҲ⣡
ס˵ˣȷҼȵһˣѾߣҷҫ
ôУŮҲѾߣҪŻ࣡
ޣ
ɫһ䡣
ôˣŶˣ˵ֻıӰôģ
Ǵ֮ɣɽȻ˵
ô֪ʵ
ΪҺĶͬһˣ
ʲôʦ֣Ҳ飿
ȣİţôɵ顣
ţѪƣǵõ˵ʵĺ뵱л
ɽҡҡͷźһ˵ıӰû
㺹գһӰСˣС֪Ǳ۸ɵģҪ
ɽԣǶǵõ˹ҲİɣټλظֵĻǼһۣ
˵ļãұضȫλظֵĻ£˵ʹЦ뿪
ݺݵһۣ˼Զұ£
ȴҲǵɻҵѾߣҶҪأ
ϧм䣬ֻȴǱ֣߳ݣ˵㣬˵ǲģ
ң
㿪ʼݵʱʧôãҿǸɫҾ;㣡ϧ˵
ԩҺС椲죬ҽҵοб°Сʱֲٰɣ
˵Ҳԣѵһظ֣ʶʶ
Ҳʶ
˧˭ʶ
󻨳գ
ƣ˵˵Ҿ͵͵ˡ

ּҡ
ѵ⼸죬ڹۿѵе
ٻȥѵǲңֻ˵Ѿ㹻Ľȸˡ
ãѵеʮ⡣
ʿѵãԱѵ˾
үæһ죬ɣ
ͷ÷⼸ôˣ
Сȥңûˣ
ߣ֪ңѹֻ̳ӵӣ
үҿСԲܹҲһ仵
㰡ôƣҿǷô࣬ܶңôãҶ֪˵ʲôˣ
пһʹġ
ҪƴҵҲϧĸף֮ҲȢ÷ţһжѭ
ҲգСˣҲһҡͷ
үǧҪ˵ŮˣҲûʲôҪֻϣܼ޸˼ңԺܿľ͹ˣĸ׵ģǱ󣡡
޸˼ң
ţŮһôҿɲϣԺ޸˾ͽˣ
ҲǵͷȻСΣ
㣿
ĸûгϧǴˣ˸ꡯϧ˵֣ô˵ȥˣ


1308 ˵Ĵ
ҲֵĺܣּȻ䱸ĶȻ̸֪ݡ
ǺǣûʲôֻڽСӰϷ˾ôãּڹڶһѵ飡
첻֪Ϊʲôϧ㣬ͺܿġ
㵹ǫһЦû˵ʲô
ϧʲô𣿡ʵ
ϧѰݿڰ˫ɷ죬ɫأѾо⼸ϻ˻ˣû뵽ȴϣһºôһº󣬱Ǿּ˵ʱ̣
֣Ҳ˵ôֲɣ˷֮ףּƺҲûʲôʧ
ϧ⼸ְû飬ǲ㵣ģ˵ûϿȥûʲôֻǶС
˵˵һ壬䲻𣡡
Ϊʲôʮһһ
ϧ˵
˵˵ʮᣬʵϣϴηῪѾʮ֮ˣ
˵ʱһǸˣ
ʮǰ
㶼ЩŹְ
츮Ǹ̺ŨĳУʮҲѾãǽеʱϻ˷ֲԾˣ
Ϊֻʮ꣬ʮ굱У֮׻һкôλϣ壬û취⣡
죬Ҳֻһ֮ף
ǰңǿӵڵһ֮ϣɨ壡
ϻ֮ᷢ󣬱ǰѼȡ谲ҵĴҲƽ
ʮּҺң׷ϰҵĽŲǰ꣬ϻҲǿ弸ƽǴᣡ
ͳȥ
ᣡ
ҲּΨһܹܰҵĻᣡ
ζûҪϴһʮ꣡
ʱһӶȲˡ
ܹ졣
⼸꣬嶼ΪŷƴͶʽǾ޴ģ˭ˣǲʹۣӮһȻյȫգ
˵
֣ˣҲ֪ˣǰΪʲô˾ͽ׵ʱӦˣ㲻ֹڹƻˣҲΪֻҪҺ飬˾ͽ֮ף𣿡
ͷǣǰְֺͿˣΪ˾ͽǸʲôûɫҲã˾ͽңÿǵɫּҲûб֮ף
ϧͷϣûԹ졣
֣ǼϣôԵģ
ÿһεıԶͬãԼڵҲҪ
Ҳид
ãҲǮǰڵǸСӣѧǮϧҸģҵҲ֪˶ٰۣԼЩСǮˣŽ
͸идˣ緢飬ûͲ֪˭˺ˣ
ʱգͨͨط
ǳ˵ΰˣ
㵹һֱҪģҲ˵˳
㣬֪ߣҪ֪ϻϻᣬߴɣкڰ磬棡
˵ϻ־Ͳ֪٣Ĳþǲþһвعصߣ
䵽ҲǾһ
Щ㵹һЦûпڡ
ﵹǼڴŵܹƥеĸֳ֣
ĬΪˣ˵㣬ΪѾˣ츮жûʲô߿Իˣ
ӥʵȻǺӥµˣ֪ʲô״ˡ
֣ҰɣϧͻȻ˵
У
˵˵¾ǲãúô˾Ƕİ
ϧ֪ԸҲûм˵̸֮ȥˡ
үΪʲôһֱϧأ
ǲϣۣ
ҡͷ֮ϣΣأϧʧζԵĸŮ
㲻ǺԱϧ
㱣ҲģֻôһŮ
˵
˵ţӥȴǳ⣬ĸ˵İɣȻطˣ

ʲôϢ
˵
ݷ飬Ҳһ
ӥ˵
Ҳڳ
죬ϧ˵ڰ˫ɷ˶𣿡
Ԫؾߣκβң
ӥ˵ҲֻǱһ԰ˡ
˵ҶԷһˣ
ͷԴô
Ұģгʲô·˽֪
ӥ˵гϵҾгǣǸлӮ÷֮ף
гҹϵȷʵ飬ʵڲÿڣοгҲֻڷܼ֮Ӵַ֧֮ף
˵ԣܹӮ÷֮ף򣬾гǣҲûã
ӥͷиղСȴǱܾҲǾźȻģ
ӥЩ飬ֻ㵱˸ףŻף
˵

һ죬ڼжоϧ鲻ã֪ϧԸ񣬲Ĳ˵ֻѹԼ
Ϸ˾Ѿ죬˾ٷ֮ʮԴڡһȼҶϷ棬ԣرҪ飬򲢲Ҫÿʱÿ̶ڹ˾
⼸죬㶼뷽跨Ҫϧġ
֪ϧĽģּһڷ֮ʧּ֣˥䣬ȻȴǾȻٻϧԼȱڸС
ϧ°һӵķˣ֣⣬ⶼģ
ϵΧȹӳ߳Ҳĺܡ
Ȼûô˧ˣ
һ˶
˵໹ͦģǰûأ
ҵ͵
ЦЦʵ⼸ʱѧģ츳õĺܣĲɫζȫȻȲ϶ĳʦȴҲ١
ţ
ϧһڣĳôߣ
ô
ҡҡͷԺ𣿡
룡
ϧͷ
ǸүЦ£
ȥ
ϧ˵
극ϧ˵㣬ҳȥ𣿡
ᣬϧͷһƬޱߵĴ󺣣֪ϧֻںߣŻо
ָоڵϧ˵̫Ҫˡ
ɳɳĴţϧĳƮɷǺÿɡ
ϧټü֮ɢŵǹɳ㿴
㣬˵ΪʲôŮ˾Ͳܸ˸ɵأ˵ü𣿡
Ҳ˵Ů޲űǵ£˵
ְಡ֮սضգʲô⣬Һһģ
ԣӦְֵĻҪģ
ǣ£
ϧ˵ŵıǾԲ㽿̬ģ̬ҲֻǰſӰƺصٴοǰϧʱϧ⣬ãľûڶʱĮ
ϧǸϧôǰαװԼĵصǷ洿ȴԶڡ
ͬʱ˺ۼһĵףԶĨȥ
ã§ϧ뻳ûгȴϧܵ޾ᡣϧ彩Ӳһ£ûбĶŷˣ


1309 ˾ͽˣ
ϧʼָоÿκ㵥ദĸоϧһִ
ȫͬˣϲܴƬȫһҶһ
Ǹоÿκ㵥һʱﶼǸˡ
ǣˣϧĿõģ
ȻϤĸоָνأ
СϧǻȥɣҵļЩˣ
㿴ϧں˼ʲôˣ˵
һҲûоӷȣŮӿһôˣ
ϧȻǿɰ˼㣬СϧСϧǲô۰㣡
ͨˣ
Ц
ţְһжΪҺãҲģ㣬ܰһæ𣿡ϧ˵
Ƕˣ㻹˵ֻǵģ
§˵ˡ
ϧһһѾɿ֣Һ˵أЩ죬ҵǲҪ㱣ˣҺúñҰְ֣ܵһ˺Ļ㶮ã
ҲŮӵ£һ㶼
˵Ϊʲôǰһ̶һˣһ̣ȴ͸ˣҵĸ𣿡
ͣϧЦ˳
Ц绨
˲ں߻ţϧ͵͵Ŀһ㣬ȴ뵽ҪǸöð

⼸æŶ̩ĸֽȸУһصǰ
ಡЩҲǱƵķǳãҩϡӥ壬Ϊٴȼ֮ܶɫҲԽԽá
һ㣬ʹĸܿġ
ӥǰգ˵һ͵Ĺ˾Ƕ̩ôʵ
Ǽҹ˾صĺܣ֪˭ڸǶ̩ʹӣ
Ƕ̩ЩѾ㹻͵ˣˣȻԤıģ
ӥ˵
ûԤıڹʹǶ̩汻˼˾õԪʱڷ֮ϣǻƵģ
ᣡ
ָ꣬ãȱһɣ
ȻҲֻǰı׼
˭ȷһļ᲻¡
鲻乫˾καϣȫǼٵģ
ӥ˵ȥ飡
ãȥ乫˾һض̩
˵
̩Ȼһǧʿ
ȴȻӪŸ̵
츮̳ԼƵ꣬Ƕ̩Ĳҵɼּҵ֮޴
ҲΪˣŻᵣһ̩
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һǲع˾ģΪ˾ļѾܹȫʤκι
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ֶ³ڰ칫ҵ㣬˵Ĺˣһ˵
죬ˣ
߽ȥȴǿ칫ҵɳˡ
һ˾ͽҵү˾ͽϡ
ˣҲЩӡ
죬Ұɣ
λ֮ϵ˵֮ͬһ˵һơ
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ѹ֡
֪Ǻˣ
˵΢΢оЩԾǴ˿̣Ϊһŵܣܲܿźɣ
ҿ˾ͽλߵͨˡ
Ҫͨˣſץס
ߣǾһ취ûˡ
˾ͽѵ𣿡
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ҿװͿ˾ͽһ
ƺЩӡˣǰȷȥһ˾ͽ̸֮£ͷԭǰ
˾ͽ̵ߣ
ޱߡ
첻ð
ߣǵþͺãϴ˾ͽ̸ȴǲּ֮ףҲǿڿӦ
һǰҪŮϧ飬ȴǱɶرܣ
꣬㾹Ȼֱѡ˻ٵһֽԼ
˾ͽȵ죬˭ôĵӣ
֪˾ͽҪ˵Щ˵Ůϲ˾ͽϣǿһҲҸҲϣڣⱾԼľ˵Ҳ˾ͽңҲ޻˵شĲ
죬սҵĵߣ˾ͽȵ
ȴǳĬ
˾ͽϷɲˣҪּ֪һ˶裬϶ѻ˵ˣ˾ͽҲŹģ
죬Ҫһ˾ͽҲ˵
ڴ£ûʲôýģǸ˾ͽҵȨвҵĻ죬
ģ
˾ͽϾȻ붯֣ȴǱ˾ͽסˡ
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ֻͨ˰ˣߺͨ˵֮𣬲⶯֣
ҲͨˣҴ϶Ҫʲô
ΪĹ
˾ͽȵôǰҲǴƴģ
˾ͽһӾȻͷӶ򲻹
Բǲܽȥûж³˭ܽ칫ң

ң֪˭ôҰ٣𣿡
顯һƿš
ߴ˼ڡ
֣˵³ֱ֮Ȼڣ˵
λǰ٣ϵĶӣ˾ͽͷ
˫Ȼڽ֣ٿ˵üĿͰ˵٣뱨ֻһ취
˵
һº󣬼ῪֻҪּò֮ף츮о군ˣ
ᣬҪҪּȫҪǸϹԹԵҵĴң˾ͽ˵
첢û˵ĻߵȥˣȫûǰߵĴڡ
ҵ취Ը϶ˣ
Ѿˣ
˾ͽ˵죬ƣһ
߳ȥ˾ͽ˵϶ҪǸߣҶˣ쵰ɵͨ˶ôѣ
û£ϸ磬ֻҪ֮ϴ϶ôĿľʹﵽˣ˵
٣˼ǣǰǰҶ÷֮𣿡
˾ͽ˵
ϸ磬ǻݻ鰡ȻǰֻҪɹˣԻᱨģ
ߣȻúҲˬҲֻּܱˣ˾ͽ˵
߲δĪ⡣
һʱͣ˾ͽæ٣ǲ㣿
ЩԶЩģ
ϸ磬˵ּңǱһһߣд𣿡
ʵ
˾ͽҲ˵ϣ㵱˵Ǽ飬Ǵ˸ɵģ
ûһͨˣҲܻߣ
һҡͷȻš
ģʦǱһߵѪģ
飬˾ͽϻ¡
泯żҲܲ죬⼸˾ȻҲһߵǿȵҲ̫ǸӣԸҰ


1310 ֻ
˾ͽϲͬٿǼʶģվԭأɫЩѿȻѵ㣬ȴ֪Լûʵ
˾ͽֻǼһλ׸գ׸ֻͼߣ˾ͽ߿߸֣ûаη˼෴Ҫһسӣ
ûпЩһۣɵ״̬ʹ˾ͽ϶ҧСӣȻôš
վס˾ͽϺȵ
ȴǲᡣ

˾ͽͳĻֱֻӳҹȥ
һͷֱӰֻôô󷽣͸ֻң
㣡ߣҰɱˣû˻鷳ģ˾ͽ˵
˾ͽ˵㣬㵽úιصģ
֪𣿡
˵֪ĻٶֻҪƻģ
д
˾ͽɫһ䣬лûһһҪ˾ͽϿ˶˿ϣΪҽ
㣬ٸһλᣬǲ˵㻯Ϊҽ
˾ͽɱ㣬ֻһɱϣֻһߣˡ
Ϊϻˣֻ·һ
ɱͨˣ񼫵ġ
ȻȴڲҪ
࣡ǰҲࣿ
Цһӣһƾմ˶˾ͽеĻ棬ȴԽԽˣ
Խ˾ͽȴǷ֣ԽԿơ
˾ͽܹƵķΧ֮ڡ
ǻԽԽʮô
亹ֱð಻ԡ
磬㣡
˾ͽλ˫֣ע˾ͽڣ˿ɫкת
ǣʵ̫ǶҲֻ֧Ųɣ
˾ͽϺͰٶѾվһԣ۾ˣֳħԽ͡
ô£
˸û˵ˡ
𣡡һȡ
ǻȻˣ˾ͽֵܶȫ̱ڵϣû뵽㾹Ȼ
ϲħĻ´ξٱҲɱˣɱˣ㵭˵
¾Ǻˣ˾ͽʵ
ûֱӾˡ
ϣȷǰ𣿡
ǣǰ˾ͽЩ˵
ܣȻûκȴܹӵ˸ߵΪ벻ͨ
ĺܣȴôߵΪҵǾú⣬磬ֻܲٿػˣոҲֻŻǰˣǶ֣
ٿػ棬ȷв˶ԸԪص׺Ƚϸߣͺñղֻ¶һ֣Ҳ˵Ϊߣ
Ҫ֪ǸղţҶ޷
Ҳֻܣһûߣֻǻĳܣǣ˵ʵѾﵽ۷壬ָܹ΢΢̫ᣡ˾ͽ˵
ٴӸղŵ߳ĿǰһҪ˾ͽҶ÷֮׵ģԼʹ֪ʵǿȻ˵λǰ˵ĲҲˣװװưˣʮ겻ͣôһΪ
˾ͽϵͷģαɹȥˣ´ټ

̩Ŀ޷ǾϧУ죬ͣ˾ͽϺͰ٣Ѿ⼸˿϶ȥҹˡ
ʲô飬ͲѲµˡ
Ȼڰ칫УþƽҪ֪ѾѶԸˣð˾ͽģ͸ˡ
Բڰ칫Ϣ˭Ҳ
һ
ŮƯͲȥͨһ𣿡˵
ŮֻˣҪ֪ղ˵óأҪԱȵģһ˲䣬Ůͻһ˵˧磬㲻ҪΪˣղм˰ĺܣҪ֪ܿಡģκδ̼ˣԣ㻹ذɣ
֪˵Լ˼Ϸ˾ܾҲ޷׼ȥģҡҡͷ׼ȥ
˧磬㲻Ҫҵĺ𣿡
ŮҪҪ׷ȥջ׷ȥ
ҡҡͷ
Ů
ŮЩߣⲻˣô¶û˽йŮ
ˣҵĿͷŮҽҼҵСǽŮģ˵
ܣո˵ôֿԲƭ˵ģ
ҿ
һΣðɣҳƭ˵ģ۾𣿡
Ҫ
һ£
Ů黹۾ˣҸ㣬ֻŶŶﶼŶ
ûлӦ
۾Ѳˡ
컹ڰ칫ǣɫأӦǿ˾ͽ塣
壬ӦһǱ壬ĶǸƣ
һȻڴͷ̣ģĺܡ
㣬㻹ҾȣŲߣҪҵ찡Ǿ¥Щߣ޷󣡡
˵Ҳţ鲻ãʲô취
ˣʲô飬Ů״˰ɣŵ
ҡͷֻڹ˾¿ɸɣ̩ܲŵʲô
졮Ц㣬ֻˣЩžͲ˰ɣŮİɣ
ͷܵ壬Ӧף

̾˿ôõŮҲû׻ˣ㣬μ֮ǰҪ֣ʲô⣬㶨ҪúչҵŮ
飬㻹Լȥչ˰ɣЦ
ҡҡͷ鶼Ӧ𣿡
ǲӦûҪҲȡеĵλʼնֻ㣬ĸף
ͷˣʵɣ˾ͽˣѾ̬Ҫң֮ף
˾ͽʲô
㣬δ˾ͽǿ˾ͽȻ츮УȴǽʡһĴ
ּңûñȣʽ𣬻ߣ
˾ͽ廹Ӷһ֧ڰߵĹӶ֧ӶǳʡڣûжԵֵĹģ
ڰߣ
㵹ЩȤǵĸ߰Ӧǲ׳ЩԸǰɣ
˭أ˾ͽϱϾ˾ͽүǰ츮У˵һЩ𣿡
ͷΪβǺ֣
һ˵쵹Щͨˡ
ǰЩ죬һڿ飬һֱӮ֮ηǸȽϸӵ⣬ûڣҼһǰҵĶ֣
֣Ҳ֣
˵ҽáӥȥϢȥң
˵㣬ûҪңʱ䣬Ƕ໨ŮϣӱȽ䵭Ϊ飬һһҲ˵ģܰһ˱ˣԣҪģ
壬ô˵ʲô˼˵
㰡Ҳǹˣ˵鰮ô
¶Ҷġ񣬡ʵأҶ׷Ůֵ֧ģСӣͰҺ֮ǰϹ
һ࣬ϣҲûзϡ


1311 ţ
˾ͽĽ룬ʹüϵøˡ
áӥŸң˫ֺҾһۣҲͬ
ȻҺ죬Ŀǰʵڷҡ
ϧȻһֱ죬ʼնϣŮ£һҪּһѣ޿κˡ
Ͼּҵļ¡
ֹ壬츮еС壬Ҳŷϵ顣
СһԿκһңǷɶ˻𣬱ɡ
ȴһͬ
ã˰ɣ
Уһλ˺ȵ
ˣһʮϴ󣡡
ܺãŸλ֪ҽټǰĿİɣ
ӰǳȥһطᣬС嶼Ȼ㣡
Ӱӵͷɸλ񰮣ҾͰԼļƻ´Ұɣ
֪Ѿʮûп˷Ǿδ츮ʮƣ
ȻС壬ȻܹҲμӼᣬ棡
ȻԸȥԿ壬ѻʯ
ҵ˼ǣǽˣʮϳһ壬ʱڷ֮ϣһ
ˣǻ˷֮ףη䣿
ҲСǵġ
ɷݻֻ֣Ҫ֮ף츮еľ㱻ƿأʱʮ壬ʵɷݣ˭Ҳп𣡡
֧㣬ֻҪ˷֮ףôǱͬһԶĹ˾һڵ棬ԴԴϣ
֧ܶӡ
ĸҪ˳ӣǿ
һϴվ֣Ѿ˳֮ս˼
ҡͷת׼ߡ
˿ֳֻ̣һ𣬡ûйˣϣҲûжôһ̰ɣ
˻ͷһæҴˣҴӦ㣬Ҽͬˣ
ʧãʮͬʽ
ϴ󷽲˿ʵϣӸͲϾֻͨ˰ˣɱҪɱ˵˵ͱϻŪˡ
ϴӵİԵȻˬҲ˵ʲôϾӰ
ʲôƻ𣿡
ȻУΪǿҴּ֮ȴΪأ
ом伫ǿĳϣңƺһЩұϵּң̩ǧȻ㲻ʲô˭֪츮ʲôԲּģ
ҾʮͬӦȶԸһң̽ʵ㣡˵
Ըһң
ּң

ЩĺܣҪϧ˸񾭲ˡ
ϧǿҪȥ̩죬෴Ҫ
Сϧְ˵ҽҪڹȥͱ˵ȡȷҪץҰε˵
ΪװҾͻ𣿵ˣ֪㲻ңȥ֮ȥ̩
ʲôҲϲŮӹµģ˵
ֻ꣡
ϧ챻ˣֱӺһֻרꡣ
ҴȥֻѾ˲ʮˣôҲǸ˾ܣ绰ô찡
㲻֪ͨ𣿿ң治ϲֲֻǲ֪
˵ʵ˾ͽһֻе鷳ֱӶˣһɨصİ̼ˣҲΪһѡ
㣿
ϧʲôôǶϲֻǰҲ鷳ϲֻȻǰЩֻԶûнʱܡ
ϧιѾںһλŮ̸ֻˡ
˧磬Ҫʲôʽֻ
˵ʺʲôʽأ
ȻƻƻƳµϵУˣĻóȥ绰ӣ
㿴СóǿֻһֻǳǴһ
˧磬ŻݻֻҪ998Ŷס998998
ǰھͲ̫ϲעֻҵǵһֻŵǺڰ׵ǿϵУҲϧģһϣԺȥʱ򣬼ǵô绰ƽ
֮⣬ûùڶֻ
ûǿŵǺڰ׵ǿ
˵ֻСҪˤĻ
ֻаˣ㲻֪жôȣͳ绰ֻһЦ
׹ͳʲôʱˣ˵
ϧ㿴ӺɽկֻĵطҪҲֻֻ
Ůһˬǰ֪Ư˶ٱϧмİеĳһҡ
ôͣȻ
ǰ˾ȻûˤŮһģɽկôˣɽկţߣʶ
˸ƣţ
ϧ߿˵ɽկ
ҿϲǸֻСɣ
ϧд˵䣬ҲϾǸŮˡ
ôᣬȵùҵСϧ
ЦЦϧջǸƼһŵֻ
СϧҪ飬֪ͨأ˵
ʲô飬绰£
Ҫǲ׼绰ô죿
£
ţҪµĻ͸ҷˡ֪𣿡
ȥ
ֿϧȥ˹˾ȴǲ֪İ칫ߡ
СʱҲѾİ칫ڵɫǺ˲٣Щ죬̸˵أȻزٵĻȻϧ
㣬ֻŮİɣ
ô֪
ϲŵֻˣ˵ʲôʣͬ㰡
ĸԸ
޳ܵЦЩĹϵҲͻͽ
Ѿ׼׼Ů
졮ӥҴõϢ
ôˣ
˰ҺңСһţʲôʮͬˣ˵ҪԸּң
ں֮ڰˣ㻹£
˵
ĵ£ֻİ
Ǹ츮е̫ͷ϶
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ãϧΣˣ
컹ûзӦ˵Ļǿ㻯һӰʧǰ
ôۣΣգ
Щ


1312 
ϧΣյĺܡ
ս칫ң߱ǶЦϧҪоȴǱһס͡
˴ӴϧߣһϣϧǷŸ㡣
˰ϧһƬܻĵطط츮еıԵֻм˼ҡ
һӵͷĿڳ˵ϧѾץˣ
ǵȫѹϧŮУ컹ܷ첻ɣ˵
ޣץңΪҰְֻŹ𣿡ϧȵ
ְ֣ھǽְִʮڸңҲЦ
ʵʼղףΪʲôһҪץϧŮ˵ֻּ̽ҵʵ𣿡һͷĿ˵
Ȼͬˣģʵģ͸ұ죡й
ʵҪҪ죿˵ŮУ
ԼŮʧˣ
˵꣬˵ҽȥ绰ҺúÿС椣
ǵûϧϾߣϧѷɡ
ιǰ𣿡Ӳͨǰϵĵ绰
ˣ
˵ǰǰϵ£һɣҲǰϲ츮еһöӡ
Сǰϵע⡣
ĻСͬˣûʵôȥŮ
ˣϧѾϡ
ĺãҵҪǸ϶ΰ죿Ҫ֪ಡģ֪ԼŮʲô飬ڶѾܹǸ϶ಡˣ
ھ֪ͨΣʵ
Ҫ֪ͨϧڰ칫ƾʧΪ˾˲˵ȥ𣿡
˵ֻҪϧҪ߾ˣȻ¼ʵĻҲԳʣ

Щϧò绨ĺõû˵ŮˣֻܳξУҪʵпˣΪηԷޣҶ֡
οϧŮǱ˼ˣּ㾡ȫҲؽն
붼ú£ɾðϵǸʱᱣסԼ
Сܣ
ӹ˵绰ֱӸ˳ȥʲô
С椸ո˵ȥȱˮ˭֪ͶŶҷˣҪȻС椾ܵˣ
ǸʲôԵģһȺ
ЩСͷĿҡҡͷ˵˵ͬˣʵϣʮͬˣֻһ˵㡣
ӣȰ÷ˣĻʮͬˣҪʮʬˣϧ˵
죬ǣ˵һ䣬Ӽ㣡Ӻȵ
ϴ˵İС̫ƯˣҸոڲﶼ̲סǹ
ҪȻּ˰ɣּҲ꣬˸ɫŮˣȥΣ붼룬ˬ

ûϢĶ㶫ʲôģ棡
Ӹ˵꣬ǽӵ绰ι˭
˾ͽϣ߸ϧҿˣ˭׼
һȻ˾ͽ˾ͽϣ˵ϸ磬֪ˣ
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˾ͽһƿţͷĿЩ𾪣ǵʵȻǲҺ˾ͽᲢ۵ġ
ϧȻ˾ͽ˵
ߵ˾ͽֵܶȴɭĿΧмߣ⼸ߣȴмһˡ
ӣҲֻˡ
ȻҲǾǰ˵ͷЩѹסơ
ϧ˾ͽϳ
ȿȣӣ˰ϧץȥ㶮ã
ӵͷ£ͰϧץȥˣҪ֪¿ɶߣϧ޷ֿ
ҲǼªĺܣֻһŴƾƽʱС椹רõĵطͷ˼ף˾ͽһ־ͰǼ׸ķˡ
ϧСҲǸ㴦̫ˬˣ˾ͽϹЦ
Ҫң
ϧƿҪַ˾ͽϣһ˾ͽϵ塣
ӴģģȻû˵Ŷ
˾ͽƴһ䣬̫ʹ˰
˾ͽ˽ȥϣʲô飿
˾ͽסʹȥɣûʲôͲҪˣ
ţ飬עƵ㣡˾ͽ漴ͳȥˡ
Ӻϸ綼𣿡
ıأ˾ͽȵӵͷһػ
ϧƯҴӵһμ㣬㵽ˣû뵽ǻôõĴγһԵְţģһģ
˾ͽץסϧ˫֣۾ȴ˹ȥ
ϧƴĺ㣬۾ҲǱˣһ׵ȥˣ㣬㵽
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ϧдһ㣬ۣϲ˾ͽ㣬Ҳ֪˫ѿһ˦˾ͽϵϡ
ž
޴
Ӵ
ݵ˶ˡ
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˾ͽ˵ʲôҪȥ
˾ͽҲЦСӵķ̫ˣأҪʼˣ
ž
ž
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ӴҪˣҪŶʹ
˾ͽʹǰ㣬ŵûɢ㣬ôҵţ
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ûõģӣѾҲһ磬룬ĻǴȥģ
ֻܴӴ
˾ͽϹȻӴ
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˵ϧȰ͵ȥｻ
ΪʲôҲܿ
Ҳϲ㿴ײеһ棡
ϧƺʲôһƣϧӾȻֱӴԭʧ֪ȥ
˾ͽϿɫȻһ䣬ޱ㣬ŵù˵ϣ棬
һηŭ
ڵϣһֱŵϵĹϲɱЩͨˣΪ塣
ǳֵߣԸȥɱΪĿǰֵЩ߶̫ǲûиɳˬ
Ȼۣ֮
ۣʱϧ
ڵΪŮˣ˵÷ĳٲΪ
ַˣ
˭ϵǿߣ⡣
㣬㲻ҪɱҰ֪ˣҲˣԺ󶼲ˣ
ô
ֳɫо˾ͽϷ·𿴵˵ħ񣬡ǰۻ᲻мɱ㣬ڣˣ
óһѵϴõǰѪ
ѵѪôۣʹ죡
ˣ
һն˹ȥ˾ͽϵͷ̳һۣˡ


1313 
˾ͽôû˰˵
˾ͽҲ룬ƺжʱû˷ܽˣѵϾйˣ
ҪҪȥʲô˰ɣ
ʵϾҪ̽´˵塣
˾ͽվ׼ţȴǡ顯һˡ
˾ͽϵʬ浹ңüһѪ۳֣Ȼᱻһ
ϣ
ϸ磡
СͷĿվ
˭û뵽һ˷׼ǿ˵˾ͽϾȻˡ
˵˭
޸֮ϧ
˾ͽ˵
Ӱ˳һѪѪƺѪ֮󣬷ǳ˷ܣ涼Ѫɫâ˿ȥЩ
˾ͽȻǼģץŪһѡ
ʱȴΪֻӵĳֻϵܰˣϾʵ̫ˡ
ӺȵѺϸɱģ
ֹӵ˶ȵ
ݣʲô
һȻȥ
𾳽ߣʹӱһֽʱ
Ҫ֪嶼пűߵǿǼȴǲӲͬ⼸밲ҳһ˴ƴ츮еУҲ
Ϊһɱ㡣
ȴû뵽ǵϾͬһ㣬ȫûжκˡ
⣬ôܣ㣬㾿ʲôˣ
ֻϧҲĻشˣĲӣֱõ
ѪѪҺ
磬⣬Ҫɱǣ
ֱֻɱһߣʵԲͣ˾ͽм
ЩСͷĿŵðո˵ʲôȫҪһȥˡ
ɱԪؾҲǣһʲô
һ˱û棬һ˱仯
Ԫؾ磬Ԫ
һն˹ȥ飬汻նأ
ձҪɱ䣡
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û˿
ЩСͷĿͶŲͱɱˡ
˾ͽֵݶݵܣȴǱһѵ涼ѿˡ
۾ɱǣӵĺǣҲûã
֪㵽жôǿŵ˫ַûκ߿԰ų
ȥɣ
һնˡ
ӣȫĸɾ
ûһ˻ڡ
ѪڵϣΧѪҺ
ǼûгԷһԶñһ
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·ϣӸղŵɱ¾״̬лָƽղϧ˳ȥڲԶ
Ƕɱ𣿡ϧЩġ
㲻΢΢ͷ
ͨˣǳɱˣϻᣬŹģҿУʶǵ
ȻΪϧ֪ɱˣܷУη㣬뿴ģϧ˵
ϻκβңϧЩץ㣬ͱ۸Ĵۣ˵
㲻ɱ˵ģ
öŸңĻһ治һ֪˵
ȻǿɲʱʶϧΣҲ֪
ϾشȻˣȴڻĸԭţ˿ҲʺΧʶѰ
ǻȥҰְְɣһа취ϻ׷ɱϧ˵
ҪҡҡͷʲôЦ˿ʵδȫָҲκһˡ
ҪûҪ㱻ץˣô죿ϧľ⡣
ģĺˣ˵κβң
һ汻ץأ
ץ߾ץ£㻹ǿҲɣһЦϣϧҲѹ
ˣô죿
ϧ⡣
ٴΣΣչͷĳ֣Ϊġ
û㣬ϧ֪ڵһ
ǵһαɱһα˾ͽַӵ
ǰĵ׵ǸˣȻòͬȴͬһϧԵĸо
ָоģʹúüϧоϲ
ģֻǰǸ㣬ڣȴǷ֣غϣĸоҲһЩתƵԷˣ
ҵ˼ǣˣ˭ҵأڣְ𣿡
ϧĬ˵Լ֪㵽һʲôĸоɡ
ڶӵҾԶ߿
ҲЦһ̣˶ЦˣϧȴдЦת㿴ۿỨ

˵ͬʱǼ˲˵⣬ȴվˡ
ڰ˫ɷ
Ҳ̶ãһʮˣԪؾ𾳵һɽSߣAߣ඼ͨˣϰ˵
Ǽ츮ɱͨ¼Уӵһ𣡡
һߣ֪ɱͨ˵ʹɱҲǴ֣Ƿ뾢ھƾĵĴ߶ɱˣˣȴȫΪ˱𣡡
ʮߣǸʬʬѪҺȫոɾ
˭Ϊʲô
ϰףһˣȴǼ
˭
˾ͽϣ˾ͽүĶ˾ͽ֪飬ض
վһֹⳡƽ٣
ڣҲᱻɱˣΪߣץס»ҪȥӳЭ飡
ӳھ츮Уھȥ
ȵȣЩʬȫٵ
ϰлûһֱӣֱˡ
漴ʧԭء

һƫƧıС
һӾӾ
ֻһˡ
ӾУ㣬Ƭ̣˼Ȧ
ר֮ɵʱ䡣
ϻһСֶӵĶӳϻᵱÿһλӳǾѡγĸ֡
Ҳ⡣
üͷһ壬СС׻Ҳţûʣ
ӰȻӾ֮ϡ
Ǻڰ˫ɷ
ˮ˫ֻûֱӳźڰ˫ɷȥ
յ˿಻ԡ
ϴ֪עòǶмʹϴΪƺˣ
һֱҲ֪һЩƢ
ߣ
ʧˮһԾӥ
һɫԡۣò˵˳ûģҲ̫ʮꡣ
ҲŸϢһ죬ǾҪ£˵ɣ
ҡͷ
ϴ󣬽츮ˣ
£һʮˣд඼ͨˣңˣ˾ͽģ
˾ͽϣ˾ͽ˾ͽףˣȫˣ
һڲˮ˳ȴ˵һúڰ˫ɷȵĻ
˾ͽϣǸˣ̫ˣ


1314 
ӳ˾ͽȻǸ츮̫鷳ˣҪǱ˾ͽҵǼͷ֪ˣ˵һƽ٣ϰ˵
Ǽ֮⣬޹أǵ׷Щߣ
˵һʶʶɱʮ˵ߣһȤ
ӳһģӰ󣡡
ţ
ͷҲû죬츮еļҪٿˣ壬ƣЩѷʤ
ӳĹ֮׵ģȻȴֻʣɣ
ô˵
嵱УּҺѾˣʮСҲʮͬˣȥʮУȫʮͬ˵ĸ߲ԱʵڣҲּҼңԿˣ
˼е尡ȴǲϣĽ֣ҵϣܣ˵
ʵںѣ˾ͽ˶ﰲϵģȫˣ԰ϵһ֪˾ͽ壬˾ͽһ֧ĹӶ֯ȫǺڰߣЩڰߣ츮УôּҺҵ˾Ϳ֪ˣϺ˵
ǺǣǿμĹҪĸˣ
ӳѵ룿
ģ޸֮ǰʾͷģ
Ц

ҡ
ɳϵӵĺϢ˭֪ӵֻȴôҲͨˣɳ߳ȥѰ
һСʱ⼸߶˾ͽˣԼʮͬ˵и߲㣬ʧˣ
ʧ
ȥ˵ǼӣѾ߸ٵˣΪҽ
֪ô𣿡
Ҫʹôͬһʱʧֻһַ

Ͼ
˾ͽֵܶ˶Ԫؾĸ֣ǾԲƽ޹ʧǰģֻ
˿ûСȥĻҲֻ·һ⵽˭Ȼ˺ɱôˣ
ŮϧأЩˣֻҲûǸɱ˶ħ
ϵͷ
ʮͬ˺˾ͽ˶ˣǰ˵һʧҪּ֪Һҿͬ˵Ĺϵأ
ôʹˣ˾ͽˣĺãĺã
Ц
⣿
Ҿͻ绰˾ͽˣ˾ͽ츮飬ôģȫʬʱ򻹲˵㣿˵
赶ɱˣư˾ͽ֪˾ͽּҺҵУǾԻɳ֮׵ģ
ϵͷ

켱ˣԭΪֻ˵ģϧڹ˾ôܻΣأȴû뵽˾ĸܴ绰˵ϧڰ칫һֱûŽȥȴҲûˣǴ򿪵ġ
ŵಡ췢ˣáӥʹȶס
ڣС㲻µģ
ϲô죬Ѿͷǲ£˵ҲҪ˱ҪңڿɺˣԼˣ̾˿
СҲΪ밡ǾСµģ
Уӥȥϧһǲģ˵
ϧߣԱˮŮץˣɵˡ
ӥţȴǼ߹ˣϧ
СˣؿԲõ˰ɣ
ӥЦС㣬ղְֿǵĵಡҪأ
֣ˣûʲô°ɣϧŵ
û£û£㣬Ҿȫˣ
˵㣬׳ʲô鰡
ϧһ㣬߻ûɶһߺˣͰϧˣ֪ᣡ
ô򵥣˵
֣Ҷûˣͱʶˣ̩Щô˰ϧ̩
쵹ϧǲģҲûжʣ˵̩⼸쵹ûʲô⣬ŮԺ߰ɣСӥбң㹻ˣϧͷ
뿪ʱɫȻһ䣬ӥҲ飬̻ر
Сʱ󣬡ӥصּҡ
˿̣Ѿ賿㣬Ȼ鷿Уû⡣
治עԼ壬Ѿˣ
ӥ˵
ô£
ʮͬ˰С㣬˾ͽˣȫɱˣ붼룬϶ɵģ
ӥ˵ϻѾ㣡
Ƕɱˣ
Ծǲɱ˵𣿡
ɱˣҲҪ鰡С۰ɣǼһﻹǲ̣ͬ˾ͽڣɱʮˣӥ˵˵ҲΪ
ߣǰҲôģû뵽˵ƻôֲʮͬ˱һˣ
һ鵽ʮͬ˵ǰϵľɲȻҶһģ鱳ıǰϣ
ϣ
Ȼһϣͳϧĸףˣ飬ϻǱ߻ô
㣡
ץ
ûɱһˣϻ鵽ҪοɱôˣУ֮
ʲôУ㱻ץߣ
˵˵Ϊ˾Ůɱ˵ģǱץˣ治ϧ
˵УҲûãʵ֮ϣϣһæﲻϵģֻڴϻᶼû취
𣿡
Ҳ㵽Ǻξ磬ҵڶûпףץģ϶ϻСӵĶӳСӳȻͳԪؾҲĶ֣
ӥ˵
˼ǣܹӹ˽٣һϻɳǿ֮ץͲһˣ
ǱȻģϻᣬΪֹûץˣȻڰߴ֮еߣǹܲģ
̾˿ֻϣ㣬ֻรˣұΪϧ˸ˣȴ벻ϾҪϻץˣ
صİ˵ҶӦûиĵƵģϻᶼһܹκε
ӥǶġ

ӥ˵ҲûϻСӶӳźڰ˫ɷڵҹǱϧĹԢ
һ¥һƬڰǱȴˡ
ɳϣλͬһǱ˵͵Щȥ
ӳȻͷǣ򵥰Ϻڣϰ˵
Ǽ򵥵ĻʮˣлԪؾߣ
´㣬ǵһμ㣬ֶеƣֵǣȴûκĲܹɱôˣ˾ͨߣֻúηģ
ЧʵͦɱģһȥЦ


1315 ףҸ
û뵽ϻ˾ȻţҪ֪Щˣܾǿధ
㣬ݣҵǼһ棬ûǸɱ˶ħڲķǸʱһûǸ֣
ϰ˵
Ҫ˵Ҳߣ𣿡
˵

ϰ˵ߣɱôˣҪɣҲҺõ㣬˵Լʲôڰ磬ߴµĵӣõ㣬ϻܹ鵽ϵģ
㣬ǸˬˣԼ˯ʱܹץ㣬Ҳֻȥɱ˾ͽļˣһ͵ģɣǹԹԻȥұ֤飬˵
Ļᣬɲÿ߶ܻõģϴǿ㣬ŸģҪǿ׼һӰɣϰ˵
˸Ƿ˸þò˵һ˲ץĻЩˣǲĻ˯°ɣ漴ɳϡ
ӳ⣡ϰ˵
㣬ʱˣûõģȻˣΨǿаȥˣ
˵ͷ
ֱҪץ㣬ѾԪؾĸˣȴȻ˸ա
ɳʧˡ
ƾʧ
˲תƣ
һȻѾǿռ侳ĸ֣
ǿռ侳۷ĸ֣ܹʹ˲תƵ
ȻⲢĿռתơ㵱ңΣʩչռתƵʱʵѾԶԶ˵Ŀռ侳ˡ
ΪҲһߣͷȻе㾪ȴǲûһ˿η塣
˿֮һתȴǷȻɳϡ
ðɣҲ֣ǲߵˣ
ҡҡͷϻǷҹġ
Ц㲻ҵĶ֣
һֻ棬һֱ˪ԭʧһ̣ȴǳͷ
˫ִϣȴǳԾķ֣ʧˣ˪ҲڻΪϢ
졭
Ϻϰͬʱȡ
ûƺֱӾ͵ϣһ¡
¥ȴǴŲϧ¥ݿڣԾĿǣڸʲô
ˣ棬һһ¡
⻭棬벻˶붼Ѱ
ΪεϺϰףǶ֪νˣȻжʵĺ̶Ȼǿǰ޴ġ
С㣬鲻ǲǸģ

Ȼ֪⹫ԢŮϧ
ҲһЦû뵽ôһĻȻС椿ˣ֪ղžһưķɵˡ
ŶףҸ
ϧЩȥǸ˯ѣҪ˯ȥӣ¥ˡ
ҵٵˣҷ𣡡ȵ
ϴô찡ϰ˵
ߣ㣬ǻģ
˵ʹźڰ˫ɷ·ˡ
ڶһ磬ϧ¥Ѿͣϧ˵飬ǻǸ갡Ȼһû˯ѣҲǿǸ֮顭
Сϧôԩأ֪һȡޱȷˣǸᣡ
ȡͬԣҲȷûбͬ
İǺڰ˫ɷֲûǴΰ
ϧҡҡͷͿһѹϣҵûϸ۾Щģ
˵㣬ÿֲÿҪסǸˣ
ȵȣ˵Ǻڰ˫ɷ鷳ģϧѾ鵽ɱô
ͷƭƭϧôƭƭζŸҪŶϱɽĶ
ûôɣ
ûУǸǶӳſҪǷģûеģǾˣ˵
ϻķ֣һΪǸϵأ
ϧЦʵȻ֪ͬߣȻôҲȥż̸飬ΣŻ˵ġ
ϧԻص˾⼸Ȼûȥ˾һʱͻῴ䣬ְԱʼȫظˣǵûһŮԱȻΪһ˷ʱظίˣΪ˸ҪҪûҪһȥˣܸõġ
ԭʼ㶼Ѿˣһع˾һŮְǳ˹ܣܣǵȵˣ
Ů˳ú绨ûǸںˣǺªŮǼˣ˵ķУ㣬ǳòզأҲĸɾ
ǹ˾ģ
ǰǲŵĻƣ
Ŷʲô𣿡
˵ŮϻһֶصζģǾ㣬Ǻ
ܣ㲻ǵôҸ㷢ʵİҾǸ־ᣬǰЩ챻˦ˣҺҶûԷˣ
Ů˾ɥûãĵʾͬڰ֮еһâһҸоֳ˰ҲܻģҪ̸̸綼û˰
Ǹ־᣿
ҡͷӵǵʵϻƬģƯģ㵱ʱûΪ־ᣬһƬȻ־ᰡ
ҵ𣿲𣿡
ǣǣʼﲻǺ˵ôûҪΪҪҪģóԳԣúȺȣҸõѣһӣ
˵ѾõǰѵĸּƷˡ
ʵɣ¶ҲܹҪûѳסʱиͷ׷ң׷ĿɽˣԥǴǸˣͱѷˣ
Ů˵ԲѣϾǸϷ˾ĸ߲ԱأҾȻñӣȻҲǳ׵ñӣҺǸֻǿ˿˰ˣ
ǵ൱ӰɣȻذ칫ңúðıı
˵Ͻص˰칫ңڣⶼЩʲô鰡ҵýأ
ܣи˻ԸһְλϷˣ绰˵
ͷҲȥʲôˣڿϣеسһ̣ȴ룬ĸƷ˸ôƷŮѰ
飡飡飡

˵ɣ
ãԹ˾ְλģҵļ
ţҽ°ɣ
ͷſΣûйעǰˡ
ҽйøգ
¸٣
Ա
㾪ȵվһǰˣҲ𾪵ĺܣȴ˵ֵܣҺ㣡
룬ԣǴڽ⣬Ů˵Ҫȥڣ𣿡ø˵
ҲӣΪĳŻᱻ׵еģ֮󣬸ڽ֤ӵĳ𣬱ģһ鶼ȥˣʧ֪ǸҲˡ
û뵽ɣӾȻ˾ԡ
ôǰܲˬһ˿̣ȻҪԼǰһְλ


1316 ԩ·խ
˹øۣ˵ʱҼǵ˵ңôǹ˾ӦƸأ
ǺǣǶҵమãҵమð˰ת¡
˵ʵӦƸܣ˵
ðɣϴǴȥڣ뷨һģұҲһϷ˾ĸܣΪԭȴǴְˣǹ˾ȫҪ֤Լ
֤Լ
ǵģҲֻҸ˵ˣ˵
ҺȤ
һܰܰŮѣ壬ϣҲܰܰңǰЩ죬ҾͻǮ˸ȥ׷˭֪ǾȻסջ󣬺ȥˣȻ֪ʲô鶼ûиɣֻڴ˿ˣһȻˣŮˣҪҲգ
һ¼˵񲿵Աи责Ҿϣǹ˾ɳɼԼ
责
ˣ֪Ͳ˾ˣͬ汾Ĺ°һǿԴġ
˹ȻһԼƷ
飡

˵
˭֪ǿ绨Ůְ˽һ仰ǣܣҺ񿴵ѵ˾ˣô찡
责˵
øգ㰡Ҹϵ֪ˣ֪ˣʲô鶼ûзң
ˣԲϣҸ˵
˰֣责ȳȥɣǻ̸飡
ĳȥ˵ӦƸ𣿡
ӵͷ
ȻһϷ˾ĸܣӲҲҾͲˣΨһֻһ
ʲô
Լ˽£ǲҪŮңҵýأ
ҡҡͷӵܣҲǶԵˣô˵Ϊӵĳ˵ûԽ磬´ڵϵǵ
Ȼû뵽ôͷ̾ͳȥˡ
ҹĻ٣ȥͣóȴȻӰͺڰ˫ɷ
㣬ú̸̸ڵ
ûʱ䣡
ǺãҾ˵ˣ֪˶֣һɽɽߣϻУȻб㻹ҪǿĴڣֻҪ붯ʵ̫鷳ˣģֻҪǻȥһȷȫ㲻ͨһؽεģ
ϻ浽ôĸ֣ҹܲţҪǲˬĻץң㵽ףǾûʱȥȥʲôܲģУ治ߣŲŰɣ
˵Ϳˡ
˸Ͳȥ׷ϰ˵ϴǺðܲɱ˶ħңɣ
ɱ˶ħô˵ǼǶѾˣΪϧɱˣʵ˾ͽϣǶģ˻ãҲԸԭ򣡡
˵ֻǣʵֲ̫ˣǸûа취ȥ
ϴ󣬷ǰͷǻЭǿƷǽǵ㣬Ҳǲܣ
·ͬ˭֪ǻδأĸԣ˫ƴܻܿ£
ҡҡͷֻһֱǿԼߣһ㣬Щԥӣȷ˵ѣ
ôܣߵĻôôȻоڵɣϰ׶϶

ԭǴֱӻعԢģȴû뵽ӵĵ绰㣬㣬ֻˣԺ㷽ˣ
СϧͽͰѱ˧ĺй¶ˣ
٣㻹Լ˲ɣ
˵ɣұ˧ɶ£
СˣԸԱսҹ֮
Է˰ɣǺ簡
ǲĻҾͰĺŮǽϣ˵רҵѼӣ
Բۣ
Լص㣬˵ҲССĴһɫһֱʣһСħŮ鶯
Ҳԭ򣬼һ仰㵹ûûСϧ
Լ㣡
Ŷ
ͷ㲻䶼˰ɣ
㻹ǲҪҪĻҿ԰㿪һ
ƽ⣡ЦЦ
߽촩ҲйоأòԭͲУͯŮò˿ŶĽǳ
ٷΪ˱ϴνģȻ֮ɽ˵λô֮ˣҲǺĺܣʵ㣬ʦɽ˵Ǹ㲻
ô᣿ΪҸ𣿡
СʱͰҽ̳Ů㣬һ벻˭
⣬ҸĴҿ֮᲻һ˵
ģǺ㻰أ
Ѿģ˵һʦأԴʦģٷˣ
ӴС㣬Ҵˣʵ벻ͨİ֮ҾҶԽԽȤˣ
˵ҪȻҵʦɣ
㲻Ϊ˵С㣬㿴Ҳ㣬Ҳйˣ㲻ܾͽҰСʱҰҼо
˵ɣΪʲôôеҪ䣿
ϲ˵
˵滰ǰɣ
ðɣΪ˼ᣡ
˵ּҺѾЭ鹲ͬԸңҰְ˵ҵʵһֱΪǿʢģֶܾܿһǵĶ֣
ǼһЩ϶ڱչǽ䣬ǾԲܵģҰְҲֻǷɽ׶ΣҲû취ڶͻƣ㡭
С㡭ҳ֮ǰᣬ㿴Ҳⲻ˵
㲻Ϊ
С㣬Ұ˵֮·֣ŮӻǲҪ׳ˣҾҪҪͳȫ
ôĵķϣٽһаɣ
˵ڵʵԸ⣬һ߸֣ȴǲѣֻǣϾǸѭ򽥽Ḷ́Ҳ뺦
ڴʱ˴Ӳ˽һɲ飬ȻǶݵļˣΪǹӣƺûдӷ뾢ץߵѳ
ͲҪѹˣ鶼ѾȥôЩˣ뾢ϾǷ˷˷ѹΣ޷ˣ
һλ˵ӦǶݱĳϡ
Ƴϣ˵ЩҶףǱϾҵܵܣʵʲȥ
˵һжҪЩˣҪǵҶܱɽ֮˺ü죬Żȥҹܻ£Ļɱˣ
뿪ðɣ
ɽңһһɱǵģȵ޴󣬳ΧĿˡ
أȫҶǸܵɱ˹ʦֺ£ôۣûܵҲᷢˣôأվ
һȻҵŮ⼸Ļȫð˳ðû뵽ﶼҵŮϴҶܼȻûаҽ̺ɽͽô죬ҾͰúý̽Ů


1317 ֮
ЩԱһưӴѿһүҪܳȥ򰡣С⣡
ҹȥǮǶݣܹģȵ
˺ͷԱǾܵȥˡ
ڿҪҪ뿪Ƿ֮أϾٻǸͨߣٺңҲܻɱģǽѵѵ
ûߣļ򣬡ʦ˼Ҷ۸ˣ㻹˼ң
ʲôʦðʦͽһϣһʰˣ
ᰡҺֻͨѣã飬Լ㶨ɣƲϵ˵
Ҹ㣬ߣ
ʧȥ˶ܷ뾢Ѿɥʧˣ˵书ǲᣬҲ׼Ź
ߵλȴû˵ȻѾĬ˷Ϊ
ûа˼öţ㣬治Ƕ
ҲֻǷɽ磬ʵ̫ǿǶڵˮƽ˵ѾǶˡ
ɽһɽڰ
貨΢ҪǷɽ׷٣Ͼֻͨߵˮƽ㴫ʵãȴȻ첻Ƿɽ
϶򣬾ȻҪɽǰɣҾ

ǷɽٶȻ޷׷
ѷɽ׷٣ƻȻʱ̣ܶȴǼл۸⼸УѾѧ˼ȭƷ
Ʒ
ǷȻ֪ɽô£ȴȭͷֵס
˵׻ֻǸͨߣҪɱ㣬ָ֮䣡
ȵûʹȫ
۸ͨߣȻһԽУð۾ͨˣ
ָ΢΢һһзĵĶΣ˸
ҵأ
ͻȻȫ¾ȻѾоˣͺǱĳӡһ㡣
飡
һȭзһȭƺܲ񫣬˫ס˫磬ȵӾȣ
񺮣ѾˣС椾Ȼĸ֣Ҽ䣬ȫ绹Ҫ༸

壬ʹᶼˡ
ҾȻӮˣ
Լû뵽ܷҺݺݵĽѵһ١
λϸסˣһȭзʱǾҪֽ˭֪ǲʹˡ
Χиˣӡǵ壬ҲסĵĻĶ֣
Ȼܶ۾ȴܹĴǸûзӰĺۼ
֮Уֻһ˹ĵѩѣϷһĿŸղŵĴ򶷣ûκα顣
壬Ұְ˵Ը񣬳ûܹεˣǸˣҪѵңҪһˣЦ
˿̵ķʹĸ˵Ҳ֪ǶӾȵô£ҪȻѻָһ£Ҫ˾ͺá
ˣ·˵
ûģ֪ܣֲǴ򲻹Ҫҳ֣Ƿô°ɽĺţһ
ӰУ㲻֪ô˵
Ҹո˶Ӿһˣ߱ɺһͨߣ
ҾϲôĹЦЦ˲
ǿŮ˻Ұһţȥ붼ͷƤ鰡
ţƵĻˣԵֵزҵȌ˿֮ģ

㣬ҪǸոҴ򲻹᲻ְҰ
ᣡ
ҡҡͷӢ۾ˣοֲ
㣬ֻ㶼˵óڣ㻹ǲ˰
㻹벻ѧˣ
룡ͻȻù
ͷǾٽһаɣ
һﹻСڲͨߣҪұ߲аҪɽʦ
ǰͨеİҡҡͷ
ǲ˵ҪͨѪ
Ҫ
ЦҽУֻҪѧˣɽµߣŰ
ôܣƭأҶû
㿴𣿡
˵̸ȫԼںϵĻ似ͲҪ
ô֪
鷳˵ʲôʲôˣ
˵
ǰСʱ㣬ԺԲЩåһ𣿡
ҾͦʺģȣõĶ갡
һ㶼Цðɣ
Ҷ˼˵ˣ͵ң
кϣ޵УЦ
ʱӰҲǸоü֮ǰЩЩͬںһ
㣬ô˰ʲôԾ𣿡
ûʲôԾģɣ
㵹ûеʵ飬øղˣǲ˿ԵĺڰߣѶӦþǺڰ

֮ű⿪ӡ˺һʱ䣬Żָһ룬Ȼʹ϶ǲġ
߳˵ҵǾΣĵﱻӡˣҲסˣһû뵽˭ôǿأ
ˣҵķɽʹΪ֮ߣ񣡡
˵СǰͲ书һȴɱ磬ʱҾ;òԾո˵ʦ˵Ļʵжǿ
ֻʣһˣǶûмְ
ظɾĸ֣ǿã˸Ůһһֱƻŷ֮ǶȥͷģڣǴȥˣ˵
һ˵꣬ǰԶǳӰ˶ߣء
Ҹո˵ˣ
˵
˶ˣôԶĻߡ
˵ұ˺ȵ
һճȻߵļһ˵˵Σ

ǵѶûǲҪִĺãϿЩԡ
ͷʶʱ񣡡
ģӾͲ˵
һԷȻţŭ

ĴȻһźڻ𾳣ӦǳֳɫоȻǺɫ档
÷λ϶ŵ÷ڣڰߣֻ֮кڰУ
λ磬ڶ̩ţҪɱǰ
֪ˣˣ
ɫϣ˲䣬ȫΪ̡
˶ˡ
ұ˵㻹ôϲɱˣǷ˾ͽ򣬿ɲɱ˵ģ
Һ㲻ͬϲһҹѰУȴֻɱ˵һ˲䣬Żоţ
һ̣ʧԭأͬδһ㡣


1318 Ҫȥ
ûгԵٰʦȻҲС˵ˣԺ׼ʲôܰʦĻʦͽԵҲ;ˡ
صԢϧѾ÷ˣһ˿ο壬Сϧð붯ӣǱճϧס׼ԣ
Ϊɶ
˿ƬڰУ׽£ˣûԳԵģ
ͷҪôԼȥҰԷע㣡ϧ˵
һˣûʲôģв˳ԡ
㣡
ϧȥţʱҲǱ˸Ƶģ̾ͰѿӷźˣϾԼҲҪװӡ
ĸ߽϶΢Ц㣬㻹ǺøܳԵŮķˣҶأ
˵ҶЩ˼ˣ˵
㻹ò˼̫߳ˣϧ˵
СϧΪ⣬ͰˣҪлң

㣬ҽи¶Ҫģϻǲҹˣ
ͷ
ûˣ
ɣ
㵱Ȼϻ᲻Źڰ˫ɷ˵ʵûߣҲϻᵱǷĸ֣Ҳڴ֡
㻹ǵӥѾȫˣֻСĵ㣬ҿɲԺҵŮҪεжȹһ
쿴һϧ΢죬˵֣ʲô㿴Ҹ
Ůʱ㷢ĶţˡΪǵĽչأ˭֪ȴǸţ
֣ҺֻǺѰˣ㣬˵˵ϧ
壬Բƣһ
ͻȻϧҧǺˣ
˿ٴ
ҡҡͷԾ
ˮжϧʵ
¥ｻҴã
㣬ӥ˵߿֣㲻Ҫǿ
ͷ壬һֻǲ̫鷳ˣȥɣ
Сĵ㣡ϧ˵
˶¥Ŵ򿪣˳ǰ
ȻߣȴȻһȥɧͨˡ
Ҳǻòŵԭˡ
ҹԢ˲Ů𣿶Ů
һǾģ⹫ԢѾҵ˽вƲˣЦ
˽вƲ
˻عͷȥ˵˵鵽ܲ칫ҵһͷӦģ
ͷʩչ׷ٴ󷨣СƭûƭˣһԱ֪
ұֳһâֱӻǸͷһȴҡͷΧܲϢѵĲ
׷ٴ󷨣׷ٲ˵ģӦòڸ
˱Ҫߣȴ˵Сӣո˵ҹԢˣôԭϧأ
Ҫˣҵ£
˵ֻǰҵй߰ˣ˦֮ҹԢ͸ˣ
ģ
ұð̹ҿϧƬǾɫŮСӣ޸ǲǳɫգⱲŮ˲ûȾɫ
ֵܣҿǸ氮ģҡҡͷǹš
Ӧ˾ͽĺڰߣΪʲôҪ죿ѵΪ˾ͽɱģ
Ҳǲ⣬ղҲʹý¥ϵϢȫˣŶ˵׷١
˴¥˵㣬ʲô״Ҫ˭
㣡
˵Ϊɱ˾ͽϰɣ
˾ͽĺڰߣһǰǸϺݺҵģ
˵
ҲԣϺ꣬û˸ɵĳ飡˵
㳯ϧʹʹɫ߻˵֣⼸ס°ɣհ
̩黹ܶ࣬ҿ߲ɽҪˣ
үϧİɣ찲ȵӲô
ʵҲ֪ôϣÿϧͬһ£˵Ǻðɣ㣬ǰɣ
ۣ
壬ҿסһ¥¥ûȥ
ʵЦ
ĸס˶¥ϧ˿һ¥ӵ㣬˵㻹֪ҵİְ֣뵽ôõķ
֪޹»˵
α㣿˵ЩûӪ飡ϧ˵
ôûӪ飿֪һòΪ㣬֤㣬𣿡

ϧߵ¥ݿڣתһңڣ
ʲôϡģֲû׹ֹ

ڰ˾ͽ¹ӶԱʵȺ
˾ͽĵҹϱѾѴй¶˳ȥҰһζƵּϡ
˾ͽҲɵӣȻΪϵ绰Ƭ֮ʣɳȫȥּҡ
ˣѪǣǣȻ̽ġ
ѪɱԣŮ
˽ǳĺֵܣ׼ǰȥңϴ顣
·ϣѪȴҡҡͷϻƣλһֱǰΪͣ
ҲǸողҲ֪˸Ƕã
һȣҪǵʱ
һӰǰڴˣһϳǰ˾ǡӥ
Ϊθǣ㶼ܻˣĮ
ѾŵѪζˣ
ѪһȣоȻûһⲢʵɵ
ɱѾ𣿡
ӥ˵
ռ侳֮ɱ
Ҳûһì˱϶ŵĺڻǺڰ֮𣬷پ
ӥɫȴûһ˿仯ȥʤȯյӡ
ţ츮ôһСطбǿĴڣ
УǾϣ
ӥӰƾʧǿռתƣ˫ֳһɵĴ󸫣Ȼһ˽ñֵ
䣡
󸫸ʧˡ
⣡
ǲԼ۾ֻһУˡ
Ҫ֪˾ͽĹӶȻ㲻ǿ֣Ƿ츮ôһСطҲǷëǣȴû뵽һˣȻ׵ɱǡ
ˣΪ֮ϣ
ѪȻϣǵͷ˵
ӥûмֵ˼վԭأͬˡ
ƣס
㾿˭
ʵ
˭ҪҪǣҲϣּ˵鷳κһ˶У
ɱ£
ûе£Ǳһɱ
֪ɱҼ֮ˣ
ӥͷ
ҪɱǣѪʵ
ӥȴҡͷֻǵģ´ΣǾֻ·һ
˶˿ȸ֣ǲǵĺá
磬ܷɱҼ˭𣿡
ܣ
ӥ˵ҷȰһ䣬ǧҪȥˣȣǳ


1319 
ѪǺͻǾ֣ǰʵѾɲ⣬ɱǸ
ӥûа˵𾪵ʱ򣬾Ѿʧˡ
Ǻãû뵽츮оȻԻ
ȷ̽ģǰȥңϵ̶ȥ˰ҡ
ӭӵĶˣǺѪǴ˿Ѿժ£ϳŲˬٶѯʣֱӰ˴С
λ˾ͽʹ߰ɣǰϣ˵
ǻǣλѪǣǶ˶˾ͽ嵱йӶжԱ˴ǰǳ࣡
λӦòزˣ˵¿ּҵ˸ɵģǲɱ˾ͽˣһɱ츮ʮˣд󲿷ͨˣ
˵ּѾŵϻᶼҹܵľˣ
ǾǸոյõϢʵ룬һλ˸ǣºּ޹أǱһɱˣʵɲ⣡Ѫ˵
ܣ¶һּҸɵģжΣ϶϶
֣֪ɱǵ˭ˣͻȻ˵
֪֪˵
㣬ּˣҲֻôϧ벻ĸּˣȥϧ
˭
˵λԵȣֻȻƬ
ǺѪǿƬΪȣȻ
СӣǾȻˣˣ
ô˵쵱ʱȻڹԢ֮ϣǱطϢˣ
СӣᣬȻôߵΪֲǲҪƾǵʵȷǲ𣡡˶ھղ¶
ɻǲ𣿺ڰ߲ţƵĺǲ㣬ʵ
ҲĺܣΪ˹ͿԽּң˳ģ˭֪ˣȻȥ㣬˾ͽ嶼Щʲô
λȻ˾ͽǸƣǳ֣ɣ
թٳٵ㶯֣¾ͻ֮ززʱ׷ɱҲӶڹƻŻǣѪǡ
ѪȻȥţ˵
Ѫǵͷˮûüһڣ̾Ͷݵضȥ
ϺͰٴ˿Ҳ˿Ѫǻؼȱּҵھˡ
۳Ͷ٣Ҳúдд
ȻúдСʹȥúϢ
ٵͷʹ
ǿһ˸׼ķ䣬㷿䣬ԡضûУ
˵ҶӷеԡأȻȥ˯
ˣһȥƵ˯ˣ
ĵģЩڰ߻¶࣬˯Ҫԡأ񾭲ѵˮУ
˯߰
ʹߵ˼ǣ
㣬ɶһ˵ļį
Сʹ˯һɣ
ҡͷʹߣ㲻˼ɣ
Ȼǣȡȷˣ˵׵ɣΪǣһ֣ÿǲŮ˯ڵľ޷ͷţڶձףɱˣ˵
ףɱˣ
һСȥʹһŮ
Ҫ˫ɣ
ãȥˣ
ϺͰ˳䣬˵Ƿǿģ¸㲻ʹ߰
֣ҾвΣ
ҡҡͷȥСȥˡ

죬ĸڹԢס£˯Ҳرģ˶˯ڶ¥һ¥лнģ˸ȥ¥½ˡ
ϧʱҲѾȥæˣЦŮ˯һھ㣬ɽܴϻˣ
֣ǲǰеĵӶĸо
ǵȻҵ⼸꣬Ҳû˯ʲôþ㿴죬˯Ķû𴲣
˵ӥҿŶ̩ҵǺܵģ
֣һֱҲð
԰ӣұӣЦ
㵹ʱɲɵĴӷ߳Ȼǲ˯ģװ˸Ƿ
㿴˵ܲٲܲپ͵ˣ˵
ϧû죬ҡҡͷ˵˾䣬֣֪۸Ůǽ˳
һܲ㰡ǲǻǸķչ
㵹ҡҡͷҲ֪˵ʲôԭϧס£һΪ룬ҲΪ츸ŮĸһҪÿ춼Լ˵䣬㰡ʱȢҹŮ໰Ļǿɵöѹְ飬ȻҪһһϸˮ氮
ôᣬ㿴ɣסڶ¥Ҫ¥ǿɵöѾģҼȻҲڴס£Һ㻻䣬ýˮ¥̨ȵ£
ƻͲ¥Ķסˣֱȥ¥ϧ˯һ飬Ȼ⻳ʲôģ籧ӡ
ò˵츮ҵϵľɣͣҲɰ뷨
ҴӦҾͲסϧ˵
壬㿴ɣϹһ¥ڶ죬ͷϾͷһѼ㶮ãҡҡͷǸп
һ˵꣬Ҳûٿˡ
ȵĸ˻ǳһٱȽϺгͣȻ̸۵Ļ⣬ҲôЩŮŮ¶
ϧȥȡϧ㣬˵ҰסǲǸ󰡣ŵһأҪˣҶҪˣ
Ψһ취Ծˮ𣡡Ī˵
ʲô취
ǲ˵ˣһ̫ģ
Ҳ˵˯ȥ
ҡҡͷԵҵİ취ǣ̸ɣ
񾭲ɣ
ҵ˼Ǽװ̸
˵㿴ְڰƵôֻмװ̸ǲŻİ
У
ϧҡҡͷǿˣҲ֪Щʲô
㵹û̫⣬ص˾ӹøȴЦӭ˵ʵ㵹Ǻܲϲ׵ģһͻǰԼ
ֺܴܿԽȥҲûֻ֮
£Ͽϲŭ
ӻûڣһӰ˳Ǹ贡
㣬ҪȻҺ͵øҲḴϰ
贵ֲӵļϣޱȣϳԵͶŻ
Ȼȥ˵Ů˲ʲô죿һȵϡ
ŤŤʲô˼ڴɲģᣡ
㿴ŸȥıӰҡҡͷⰡ
ģ㶨ˣ
˵ԻǼ򵥣ֻҪ㶨ǰŮѾˣ
㶨ڴϸ㶨ģ
˵ѵ㶨ķŮ㶮á
ҡҡͷҶã⣬Ժ󲻵ڹ˾ң
ģһˣ
Բۣ
ΰ߽˰칫ңһţȴһ


1320 Ϲ
칫ŵĲǱˣ쵹ǴޱȣͶ֮һ次
빴Ұ
ְŴϣ۾ֱĿǻ𱬵ġ
ûһöһ㶼ûںӵ
ãôΪʦ˵ģûǱ㲻ˣ
Ϊʦ㻹ϳʦ
˵֪֪صݣʦִһܣ
ɽһܣСѧɣ
ҵ͵ңһоʦ֣
ΪʦֲٺҴһȣȥҽԺˣ
Ц
Цʲô㣬ô˵أȫôҶö˻٣
˵ɣǸģ㿪żɽɲСֻΪҫѵģ̫ѧˡ
ʵûȤ
˵ֻٶҼ
лɽµĵˣŰ㻹Ҫѧʲôϣפ𣿡
гϣפ
ʦʦ

Уǲᣡ
˼һᣬֻʩչΣգ㵭˵һĪӡ
ûػؾУʱᣬһ˴ģ
յС㣬ٶҼ
㲻˵СҲ̫֪ˣУѾֵĹ˼ʮˡ
С㣬ҰȥѧУСǱݹݣôͲˡ
㻹鷳أ
㻹˼ʦأһСæ㲻֪Ⱳ˾ǵͽܣС㣬Ҫʦͽϵ˵ᰮģ˵
ƨͷеˮƽ
Ӧˣ
Ӧã
ģС˵㻹ʶ̧٣ҪǲСߣҾסСϧȥŪȥȵ
ܴ󣬰칫涼Ů椶ɣǲЩʲô˵ɣôSM
вң
𣿱Ϊʦ˲𣬽ôԪ似˼ŲھͰ°ˣȻ˵ң
֪Ⱳһʲô𣿡
ʲô
ΪͽҡҡͷնŮå̫ˣȴ֮ͽû֮ء
㣬׼ʱڸʻϵһԴ¡
ʵϣԼҲܱһЩݵеȭȻ˵㣬ٲҲΪʲôҪקקļһһȥѵֻڳŻаȫô
͵͵Ŀһ㣬Ǿм˧ģҪ֪ǰ㣬ôô
˧ɣ͵͵ĿˣЩŮӾһ𣬾Ӧ÷˵
޳֮ͽ˭ϡˣС㲻뿴˺̶ֳȰˣ
˵
һɲֱͣˡ
ﰡΪʲôͣ£
ո˵ʲô֮ͽûŶ˵
㣡
˵ҴˣҲӦò𱰣˵ʦⱲصˣһΪʦΪʦ
һ˱츮ѧУܴѧԱǼ굽ʮĺӣȻҲжʮˡ
˺ܸ߹ģĽӴĽӴԱһ۾ϳһĹھɣƯְʦǿһʦأ
壬ˣ
ǫ˵
߽ȥʵʲô˼
ѧҰֵ˵ģ㺹ա
ѧУջ൱ģһٳϣȫС䣬ȻһЩȭ
һ뵽ЩδĻҪӺͷһǣҡҡͷ˵
²۵Ĺ򣬻õأ˵
ڴʱѧУĽ˹ƺЩһŮһ˲м˵ǲǸˣŮĹھˮƽУ죬̫ˮ˰
Ƕǽ۹ȻܸߣƯˮ飬ȻǸ廨ͷοҾٰģҵŮûʲôĻ˭Ҳ
ǲҲпԭ
Ϻ˵ʦһƷǾԹƽģ
ߣһǰЩ죬ݵĹ֪ʧģ
㲻ỳʦɵİɣ
ŵ츮У˭飡
Ϻ˵츮У˭˲֪ݺͶݵĶԹ
ҰְֲŲмɱأǷԼǶڲУҪѵңȵ
ŮޣѾʧ˼죬˵¶ûϵ
ͷȻûϵȻ˷һţɲңҰְֶ֪飬ҷ鷳ģ
˷һţ
Ϻȣ漴һЦǷɽ磬Сޣ߶ǣһţƭأ
˭˵ߣͲһţŭ
仰ҲһЦС椣ûҵˡ
ƨܹܷͨɽСޣȻ˵ĻҪ˼
ϺȵУǲмͷǶֿѣʧ٣Уˣݵĳϡ
ܹ츮иɳģͷݣ˭
λͲҪˣ볡ѧԱǵݰɣ
һλ˵
Ϻ˦ڣ̾ˣﻹһ
Ҳ볡С
ѧУѧԱģֹһˣһЩݵҲˡ
Ȼһλ
ҲȫΪһλŮȫĿ
㣬㣬ƯҴȭôһСܵǰ
ȻСã˶ѧȭô򰡣
Щǽ̵ȭÿҪң
Цû뵽ûпʼ̣з˿ˣָоܣһԱߵ㣬ԭҪһҫһ£˿û⣬һ˫ӣȺѰɫġ
СãҴͻȥģɵѧÿ
Ż
˸ŻµƣС椣ǲϰߡ
㿴һŭҪæǸ̫ˣθЩְ
Ѿ˶

ҡҡͷ˵ãСǰҪһŶ
һۣǱһףСԴСãɱᣬһĺܣֻǰŻᷢŭģ
㣬磬Ϲ𣿡
Сܿɰ˵


1321 
СһȵԴ˵ڱǰģؼҾ۸Ұְ֣ϴڷ⻹Ұְϣ
Сãǵģֻǽһѣѣ֪𣿾׶԰棬۸ЩСѣ
һۣȴҡҡͷôôεţ
˵Сϸݣ͵͵һڣ˵ԺҪҽ飬û֪׷ŮӶģԺͻԭα¶ˣ
⻰˶һۣڵСӶô찡
СûָָٳŵǿСΣǸСͷСѧģҴ򲻹˵¸ҲӦŮѣһڣ
дЩˣôСͿʼʹˣСãȥۺòã
ţСͷ
СӽˮôôȥҸС̫ۣ
Сͷֻа˾꣬ڴһ׷ȭģСЩ
㣬Ǹ۸ҵСΣ
С֮˱𣿡
ԭСлСʫ黭ģ㿴СϾȻֳЩˣǺ˵۰ôСʱ򣬻ֻСϧèèء
СҧŴͷ
Ҫ˵ģȴǼСδӶóһֽСǾܾ𣿡
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ǽӹдֽȫСдС飬Ȼƻ˽һȥƶӵǡܲ˰
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Ҳǿ˿飬ò˵СεдģıʻУЩƧ۶ƴģ֮㾪Ϊ˰СͷǴδԽ죿
Сϲ㣬һο㱻ǵʱҾϲˣȻ򲻹ǺϲʱֵԴƽ˷棬Ҿ׼۸㡭СҾҺͬǶƭİǳԣȴҪػ㣬߰꣬߰ʮꡭ
С˵Ҷ氮
һȫ𾪵㣬ԭҪСһسӵģ˭֪ȴǱСⷬ˵ã֪˵ЩʲôҲд𾪣ڵϣǳֺڰߣüͷһ£ȴһ߰Сͷ˵氮֣β𾪰
㣬˵Ӧ˵𣿡С˵
С׷ߵǿż֣ǹʵһû̸ⷽ˰㿴ȥι㲻ڼʥ𣿻ָԽ򣿡
СΣ翴㣬ҵ궼Ҹɵ飡˵
ʲô˼ⲻǼӹ˼㻹ǲ˰ûż갡
ô˰ѵҪСʣŮͲſʼ̸ɣ
ʣŮأ
ʹ̸ʲô˲ģСҪ̸һ仰飬˵ʵڵģȴЩźǰΪɶͲ̸ӦǼ۵ء
ðɣСΣͷʱٴӦ̸ɣҲϲͷӣСͻȻ˵
С̾˷ܵС־ٳȥʱ˵䣬㣬λ˵ûŮ̸̫˲ã
١Сʲôʱ̸ֹͷʲôƨ°
ǰȥСͷƣôˣСƨôţˡ
ֵʱѹû飬иС򵱷˿ð˭֪СͷƭˣСͷֱģ壬ԺҲȻΪ
ԽԽڲٳϴȭҲǴġ
ѧУ˶ȷһôһ
ˮƽѧУ۵𣿡ոպܲˬϺȵ
ϺôҺ
ҡҡͷ˳ȥҪСһѵ
ڲٳ¿źƳĳȥģСһֱѵţ벻Ȼסˡ
СޣһҲͦƵûţ棬Σȵ
һţ͸ˣðҵ뿴ʲô£
찡˾Ҫˣ
ʦߣѧУǾصĺܣҲҵŮ˭ʤ˭ܣһ϶Ҳס

һȭʱ㽻жԸǰĺ
ô죿
ӰȻԭʧˣһתǴӰ˫ֳȻ¡
飡
ҲƳƣȴǱˡ
ߣӣ˵ܻܷСޣ㻹ǻᴵţ
˵Ȼߣҵʦɽһߣҵ֮һߣǾ٣ұԣֱѰ·Ȼô˵ǰһǻмֱģ
ߣеߡ
ǿߣܹնɱߡ
磬Ҳͺͷʵɽ磬ĳ̶ֳϣȴǱ֮ߣ
˵ʵϣԸ߹
ܣ
ɫ΢΢һ䣬ʮǰֻܴĹŰɱĹ˲ֲʧ
ǰڵȻӣѪԻеġ
ȻģܣҲǺ֮ǡ
ҲˣȵȻܣǱСͲˣ
ߣ
ȻһǷȴ貨΢׶ܣǰ˫֣͵ң
ȻʽôÿҲȴƵеľС
ȻʽǶԸɽµߣŰɱʵȴǸ߹ɽ硣
ңߵٶȣ֮һҪϲٵġ
ߣ
ûбĺ͵һУҽţһžҪȻʱ򣬺ȴڰоֹˡ
ͬһһ
һƬȻ
ʦڰʲôPOSSôһ㶼˧

һ̣Ľû߳ҲȻȵӾȣ
ʽףûйŭһ㡣
һֱк壬ͨһֱӵ˵ϣ㶯á
žžž
һƬһЩСѧԱĵơ
ôܣˣթ
ڵ壬ʹະԭһɱУ»߷ɳ⣬ҲǾаһ㡣
ҲΪʲôǰͬӲһڰգεĺܡ
ˣթ壬ô˿أ˵⻰Ҳú
Ц˳㣬壬ոһжӾȣǸЩ׼ģϣǶӾ


1322 
Ӿ
ڳ仰İоʵҲѧУ⼮ǻˣȴΪ˸ܵߣ˹
ܣ˭˲᣿
ڲٳ΢΢ЦС椣˸Ͳˣ
㣬㣬ȭĺðŶ
ССС̫ССܵߣС˵㣬Բ𣬸ոն˵ˣҲóЦ̸̸
һǣһ΢ЦĿƵٳĳ˵ϣȴǷ֣ĳֻŵѩѣûƹδЩʧ䡣
Ǳ̧ȥģǰСޣԺһʹģ
Сţȵ
ҲԲĻܼλ쵼ĳԷҪǸȥˡ
㣬ոտûҺܶԴ򰡣ЩߣҲˣ
Ҳֻ˵
ѽС㣬㻹ͦѪԵģ濴һΪǸƦأ
ȿȣװ
Σʲôȣոôգ㶼ȣʦǿ͸ˣߣ
Ǻ鷳ģ˵
Ҿң˭˭һֻˣҰְҲܣҪǸ鷳ҷҰְƤ
˵ϵĶ
Ǻãٴҵ绰˵Ȼ뿴ľĵ绰
㣡
һۣ³ɣʱˣع˾񾭰
ƿڴҪС椵һʱ䣬õôڿ
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ҪҸ˵ҡң
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㲻⣬˭㣿
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һޱϤһϧվڰ칫ſڣЩ˼˵ŮˣҲ֪ˣֱӾ뿪˼Ϸ˾ȻҲӦµĹʣǣĴ⹫˾ڸȥİҪµĹʸأ
øգǲǸʲôܲ鰡
绨ƵĸҲ˵ϧǿѹǲҴ˵
㣬ҽһ£ϧ˵
ͷ
ֵܽǣǶ˰ҹøջû죬ͱ˴ְʱҪʵڲУһддջس
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֪ΪʲôҪǵ𣿡
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ûԭֻΪǹøգ
ϧ˵ǰһˣΪı׵Уģ
֪ڹøϣܲƽܻû취ҽܲǸʵͬҽܲˣǸڹ˾ϰһ
ͷûгĳ˿̵ϧǸˣǰһĻĻһδεչԺһ㡣
һǶκʹĻ档
ô˵ǲǾôȡ֣˵ڹ˾ʲôҶȥ㣬ڣȴֱӴǵˣϧ˵
ʵϣʱӵҲûп̫࣬ȫû뵽ϧ鹢ڻǰ§ϧ䣬΢΢˵ɵ˵ǵһܣҴǵҲһԹ԰
ϧ§ţȴǸоԭӦñڳ˿˿ůЩůͬǰĵҸһܰԵĸоһֱܰݺá
ķ羰续ϧӣҪһ̵´ӡԺһôӡǻһʵ
ûȥ
ôأ
ƳĬСϧΪ˴ǵһԱİɣ
˳鿴¹˾ĳʣԽԽˣȥѱһĲŶϧ˵
㶼һˣвңЦ
˵ֻҵһڣôҴ㣿
ϧ˵꣬ӭȥѵˮϧ촽һ¡
ġ
ϴĳ˵ԺģǺðɣҾͰѻõɣһԺҴǵҿܾһӶײأ
㿴ϧеŭ⣬ЦҲ˿СϧϣǰӦ𣿡
㵹ϣϧһֱǰϣϧصǰģΨдǰĴлָָܻǰıԡԼҶϧǷӣұĿģҲ
ϧȻЩ֪롣
ϧҡҡͷҿԴӦ㣬һһЩ飡
ͻȻƿţøգһ£
øڰ칫͵ȵļˣҡҡͷҿ޷㶨ܵģŮħͷһǵҵģҹøҲ֪ŮħͷҪ˵ң责ҪǵãҶǰģ
һɬøգ˼һ
Բۣöİ
Աðһ
øս˰칫ңһ仰˵ŮħͷŶܣ֪鵽ڣѾ޷ˣܲĿ㣿һɣ
˼Ūˣ㻹˼Ϸ˾ϧ˵
ʲôûɣøռܣ˵һܸҵĸܣ

ø˷ܵͷҾ֪õŮˣȻҲ˧һˣԺһúõķԼȫȫ˾
˵贾ˣ
Ϊֲ㾫ܵ𺦣ԺĹʻӰٷ֮ʮ
İһû죬ͼӹˣ
øվüϵڱȥʱЦЦ˼Ȼ˵ţưܶԸĶԺҹøոˡ
øգˣҲҪô¹ɪʲô˵
责㲻֪ղҹٸԭְнˮһû죬ͼнˮ㲻Ӧõɪ𣿡
İΪʲô
Ϊ˿ңҶԹ˾ҳ϶ΣأҶԹ˾൨֮İڼнˮ˵еǱɣ˵ʲôϡľ˲ţΪס˲ţӵнʲô
һ˵贾ͱĵȥˡ

Ҫôһʹɣ˵
෴Ҿͻ˲٣
ϧչ¶ЦǣǸˣȴǾģ
ԭ˵ЩʲôֻȴͻȻˣһţġ


1323 ͻ
ֻһ仰ˣ
㣬ôˣ
ϧɻʵɫ΢΢Щ仯
СΣˣ˵׼ߡ
ʲôˣҺһȥ
ã·ϸ㣡

ȻϵС˱ضᱨģȴû뵽Էô졣
ʵϺô챨ңҲɺϣձ̧ȥҽԺǽӵʦɽһĵ绰ɽһȥһˣ˵ǺͰԸҺּҵ飬һǰѧУȫɽһɽһ֮ҲǻǸӣڿǺͰҺ飬֮ӦˣҸϵҽԺԴźǰȥָ˵
ʵ߹ݡ
ɽһźԼ²ٵֱӾͰݵҸмѧԱҪǰֹҲɽһ˼߷ɡ
ҪʲôҪûѧУĽʲô˼
ɽһȵ
ʲô˼ǸŮ޽ĻֵݼȮ
ȵΪңǣ嶼΢΢ЩʹЩҪˣҽѾһ˼غ裬Ժֻ΢𣬺ܿɥʧ
⣬Ҳ񱩵ԭ
ʲôŮޣǸ˰ɣɽ˵
ҵŮѧУҵ裬ģȵ
Ÿոջ
ɽüǲѧУʲôĺԸ񣬻ѧУֳ
ʦ֣ǷϻôʲôֱӰѹˣʦڣǸ϶Ƕ£һ˺ȵ
ôӣȻһȺڣΪĹȥ˾Խˣ
˳ղѾ͵͵˶Ÿ㡣
ʱҲֻ뵽㡣
Ůޣ
һֱվһԵòȻͻȻ˵ҲǷųܶеԾǺɫŮڻĹ
ʦǧòɱˣ޶ĺܣһţߵģģһҪ
δ̫ϧ˵㣬ŮԽڴϾԽŵϲҵͽҲϲģ
Щжųʦ˵öԣʦ֣ҪͷһŮˣǧְ취ɱδ̫ʴˣ
пƣǲͬɽһ˵ʵغ豻ˣû취¶˰

ɽȺ˾Ȼ޷ˣ˫ȭֱӱǴһˡ
ݵˣҲ˹ȥ
ҲС
ˮƽ𣿡
ɽһγһ˹ȥףݵˣȻȫ⵶ڵء
аʹ似սʤɽɼɽһʵжǿ
СޣٱQ㸸ҲڵĻҲҪΪ˵
ʦãʦȥҼλȥˣݵļλϣ˿ֲ֪٣鷳
ɽ˵ɽһĵУոն³Ѫ
ʦ֣һµģ
ŵ㿴̹ĻľҪȺܸˣҲܱܿȺܸߡ
ʹߴˣǲ˼ݿһϷģڿϷȴǰˣ
⴫һηǰ٣˾ͽĻǡ
㲻Ǻ˵ݹҵŮ츮һ˶ôһȤǼʶŮֻҪܹŮǴҲ޺ˣ
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ʹߴˣ⼸λҸ׵ѣɽٸ
ֻ΢΢ͷ̬ȺĮ
ɽһǵ̬ĮȴҲһм
һԲԹɫΪ˵ƵûţҪȥʶŮȻһλŮɽһɱݣٱҪŻݴմ֡
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٣ŮɷҴߣͻȻ˵
⡭
˵Ҫɽˣ
һҪߵˣҪʱˣ
ǱԺɫ˾ͽӶŵеĳԱ֮һŵıǮ
츮УûѶ˷Уܣ룬ʹǰҵѣҲκӸܡ
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ʦ˴ˣ˵
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ںڵҪ治ӦҪǵƨڿɺã˶ˡ
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ȻҲʲô񣬵ҲֻǺͶԷʱ䡣
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С
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ټæ˵
һŮˣһһӶᰲĵģ
ĳһƷٱƷײǽȥ
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ɽһüͷһ壬벻츮жϺڰߡ
ߣܣȰǻǿĺãҵֵѪǿɲǸǵļһŵѪҪɱ˵ģ
ЦΪѾŵĽŲ
ϻƣ㵹ֶҸŮһҪܸɱˣ
ѪǵӰ˲˹ڡ
ɽһɫȻһ䣬һǾѾˣټѪǣǻ˵á
ˣô˵
ǶţѾԸˣҪʱ򣬼ԹѪ˵
ߣǼԳ֣ض֮أ˵
ϻƣô£ôǵЩܵģ
ûʲôϲһЩŮˣ
ѪʹߣȰȰʹ߰ɽһǰҵͬ˺ѣǿǧܴ˵
죡
ѪһȵʲôֵҪŮˣǹҲҪ֣ǰô˵Ҳ̾Ȼͬˣǿɳܣ
˵ʦô죿˶Ǹ֣
ߣ
ɽһȵֻǻһˣܺͶԷƽ֣ȴڰߣңԷţһмǿ
ɽһȻǿıڻĹȴεӰֻ޶ǿԮ֣ܲǲҪֵĺá
ߣôף
ѪǺȵڵѪԱ
һ²һ£ЩܼȻûǣ߰ɣҡҡͷ
ϻƣ̵£
츮УԻϴϸɲĸ֣ѪǷȻͷ
ߣ
һ۱Ǹɽһ߳ȥ
飡
ѪǺͻǿӱһŸ˽ڵϡ
Ů˴ѾǺܿɳܵһˣٽæ͸ӲҪˣٵˣϣֱһ裡
һ⴫ǺѪһɫ쳣š


1324 
㣬ӵžʹϧͣĸˡ
ȻΪûг׻ָʶȴѾݣݵеһһ·϶ָơ
һ߷ɺҲ˵ԴѾһּ㡣
ɽһҲ𺳺һ߷ɣ׹⣬ȴûг֣Ϊʵ
ôˣϧ˵
û£Сϧû뵽Ҳˣ˵
ǺѪǲ赲ϧΪϧ˵ŮˣˡӥĻͲȥ㡣
㵽˭
һߵѪ
㷭ֱһƣžһںһӡɽһ򿴵ȻԥҪҪǰֹ㡣
ʦң
ᶼ˳Сѧ״һ㣬ɽһȴǲΪֻǵ˵˾䣬֪ͽŭ˸£Ҫ˱
ǣҲ֪ǣȻҪôܶԸһŮӣһЦ
ߣʦʦֶˣٲ֣Щ֧ˣΪûǿ֣Щ֧˿𣡡һ˵
ɽһͷгһԲ״ĵ˹ȥȴһӣӴȻı䷽ֱӿ˺˫ϡ
ۣ
Ѫ쭳
˫Ⱦϡ
ʦǡ
ֱʹιȥˡ
˺ղǵҲ߿ռ侳ȴǱתƵˣϻƣȸ֣ȻԶԸ˵ģѪ˵
ֹһΪǿһǸֵеĶ˾ͽ嵱УǼϼһûܹ
ҡͷȻЩźɱ˾ͽˣɣ
д֧ϷŪǴܵ۹
ɽһȵ
Щܶ˹ȥ
ǰƾճһѪ⵶ϴʮ˵Ѫƺûι˿ٴγȻҪѪ
Ѫƺܹͨ飬ûκζҲûпѪ⵶ͬ˿һ㣬Щɱȥ
˻˻˻
Ѫÿһնȥһܱɱ
һʮˣȫѪĵ¡
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ȥʮʬȫϺˣð
㣬Ȼɱһɱô࣬ŭܱ㻹Ǳɣ
ڸһˣ㲻

ϻƣ벻㾹ȻôͷǼ˶ϻģҪץȥ
ץȥҲãһӣʱ˾ͽ˽ȥɱСӣ

ϧʼǶ㱻˴ߡ
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ߣߣþĸֶģߣֻбץߣ˵
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־ܵˣһûз֣ȵһȻʧ֮С
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ߣëͷСӣȻڳԣȻ׶εĵڶ󾳽磬ʦĸ֣Ȼ˵޷շ磿ߺȵ
ϻƣû뵽˾Ȼʦĸ֣Ҫ֪֮󣬱ڶ󾳽磬ʦʦһ죬죬пԸİأ
Ѫǣ׶εһˮ룬ȥˣգѾͣ׶ˣ޷ͻƣⱲҲˣ˶̾Ϣ
ȻλţǾɣ㵭˵
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㵹û׼γѪ⵶Ӳɱˣǲɱ书ϻЩˡ
ڰлһȦȻֱݽȦʧǰϸŵҲȫɡ
ЩڣҲܿתΪҡҡͷЩ˵̫ʹתΪҲ̫ˣʤޣ
߼ıˣ϶һƬȻСӣжǿ
һ̣һ羢ȫǳǻ˱Īķ羢ӰֱӴ˵ϣʹ
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ͷ亹ȸ֣ΪʲôҪ츮Уɱͨ˲
ǣѪͬ𾪣ʵĪѾͻʦ죿
㣬㵽Ǻ־磬ΪʲôȻܲڵ
ʵ
˵ˣ㲻ʲôߣǲŰˣҲɱˣɱˣбɣϻֻܹܵߣǡòУԺǵңĻҲ֤ÿζôõ
˵꣬ˡ
λʦ߼ǿȥıӰ㶡


1325 鷳
ﱻɽһ˵ЩѧԱǴ˿̶Ѿվɼš
Ҫ㣬ݿɾҪˣ
ɽ˵Ȼˬ㣬ʵϾݣϲˡ
ɽʦ֣ǸǺã
˫Ⱦϣ˿Ѿǻ״̬㵱ʱǲмҲûɱϾúСͷɾ̫ˡ
ȥҽԺɽһҲˣҲƲʲôˣ
ɽ˵꣬ѧԱ̧źȥҽԺ
ϧڽĵ㣬Ͼո˳֣λ磬һϻᵱвþĳԱ֣ǰʮ㡣
µģô飬һµģ߶
ɽˣҲд⣬ԼʦãѾʼеϲˡ
ˣ
ϧ۾һֱ⣬߽ҲǾϲǰȫˡ
㣬㻹ŻˣǼץأ˵
֮飬֮ǻܼץң㵹һЦ
ʹţɣ˭֪ʱǲܲ뿪ݵģλ߹˵̣
еͨ£粽УҪû˵ǣôվСǰ˵
ϧ˵ˣʱҲˣǻǸϽȥɣ
ͷҲȥˡ
ˣ˶ˣҪϲСӣ͸Ͻ׷ɽɬ˵
ҡҡͷ˭˵ϲˣûҪҲҪҺýõ˰

ϧţϧصվ㵹֪ѾͷЩʲôСϧɱ˵ӣǲǺܲ˧
ϴľɱ˾ͽǣⲻҿѪȵһĻΪʲôβͳȥϧ˵
綼ῴɱˣɱܣɵ㣡
ȻɱɱǣҲǳŭܣɳְɱ㣬ֻ㲻У
ҡҡͷɵѾͷģжٸңұɱٸɱܣҲɱٵģ͵Ϊˣ
˵Ǽ򵥣Ϊֻһ𣿡
ϧǷŭһôأѵ֪ȥΣ
֪ңʱǲֵĻݺܾܿҪˣС椣ҲҪΪɱ벻ɱ鷳ɱˣ˵
ߣɱɱɱɱľµ㱣֤ˣԶȻĻ𣿡ϧ
һ§ֱӰϧӿ뻳УϧӣĶһСϧұ֤ÿζῴҰȻĻҲÿζ§ڻУ
ϧ˿һŵ㣬Ҳ֪˵ʲôֻðͷؿڡ

˻صУɫǼΪѿϺ˵ϴλǰ׷жΪһʧȴû뵽֮еʵҪǿ֣£һʱ֮ץˣ
ϰҲ̾λǰʦһˣȻв㣬治֪ʵ˺εȺŵĵزˣ
Ļмֿţһλ˵
ǰ˵£
飡
٣ϸص߽зͬǽߣȴǳ֮ΪߣʵԭͨģֻɷŲͬˣ
˵㣬ȴһ֣ʩչʲôڶⲢ߼
һܹıһλ˵
ܣ
ͷأ϶һݣճһ㣬ȿֲ֮ˣɱȻǵɱ֮ˣȴҲһŶʱըʱпܸĹΣ
ϴ˵ûϻᣬά򣬵ȴһƻǵǲץϻҲ޴ģϰ˵
֪λǰкο
ʵ
ץ
λһͻۣҲֻǲþ鵱ͨԱǻȥѰǵĸ鳤ˣԳ֣㣡
þ鵱˾Ӣľ鳤˵ͻʦ죬֣ضס˵
ǻ֮ǰҪȥ㣬úð÷飡
λ˵ʧˡ
ϴ󣬽ôܣɽһҲ츮ΨһֵݵĹ˵ǻ᲻°
ܿʲô¶ɵóģҲ㱨㱨ǻĹˣҲ൱Σյģ
ţͷȺ˸ɾ

ϧصԢѾˣȻһ¥ɳϿŲƾƵ˻ҲһЦݣȥĶԼˣأ
ֻ֣ڹ˾Ӱأǡһģϧ˵
ҲһԵְ
ЦʵղžѾ绰˾ˣû˼Ӱࡣ
֣ôôȥ˯
ϧæתƻ
úúãŮҪ治¥˯Ļֱ˯һ¥ģְֲκģѾߵ¥ݿˣǻͷ˵
֣˵ʲôأϧš
ޣ˵ˣǽչô찡Ҳ׸ʲôģصĺܣ
¥ȥˡ
ϧ˿ҶҪҰŪˣ˼ҵ˼뻹ǿţ
и÷ӣֲãôԿû
ִ㣡
ҡҡͷطȥˣغţȴһص㡣
츮к鶼ݡ
츮ΨһһĿֵݡ
ɽһ
Ա࣬Ҳ٣ܹһʮѧԱ츮ݱ鲼ĵطٵôˣҲʵˡ
һפ߰ɱ˶ܣһ⣬ȥɽһ֮⣬඼һЩˮƽܲܡ
ǻƲߡ
ߣʵˮƽٵֵϵߵԪؾϵĸ֡
ȻһȴʼնҪռĹʮǰͻĹսǼĹ干֣ͬ˭սʤǲ˵
սܣȴĹ֮ĲȻڶڻպͻĹһϴۣЩȴһֱĻ֣ﵽսĿġ
ֵݣֲ뻪ĹһŶӣȻ˵˺򣬵˳Ҳ٣츮鶼ֵݵĹģǲȴѾһٶˣһЩ͵Ŀֵݣǻ˵ã
ڣܸ߲Ѿ֪ɽһݱɱ飬Ƕıα
ž
һ˷ŭİӶѿˡ
дЩ֧Ҹɽһ򣬾ȻУ
ǸˣǺαôΣϵ飿ѵͼı
֧ЩȻǣǵСȴǲ츮У⼸û˹һǴܵ۹֮ˣֻ֧Ȼɱǵˣѵ
ɽһɾҪ֪ܹɱ磬ʵǿҿǲ֣
Ƕ֣Ƕ֣ҪȴôǽаٵļһǺ˵סǼ乫Ԣôھʹɱȥģ
ɽһɼ˵˿ĻĹ
ģ
˵꣬ȴһͬĹ󣬱Ǽʬ屻ײڣļȫܡ


1326 䣡
˭
űʬֱײ߶𾪰ĿͥŲѩ߽ĳˣǸͲ֪ǰ˭
㵽˭ɱ֮ˣ
ҾҪˣ
㣿
ͷϲľ鷳ˣ
˸ѽ·㣬ɱҸ磬ţҲãǽ죡
ɽһɰγʿ
Ҳս״̬
㵹ǵЦǵĻﻹǲ׼ǽҲûл˵ˣ
ǰƾճһѪĵѪѪҪȥٿأֱӾͳǰɱȥˡ
ҲֻǶűϵѩѣѩϨʱ򣬰ȫѪɱˣɱٶȣ֮С

һѪؿڻһϢдʹеϣһ·
꣬ҲǶģҡҡͷ
ѪѪϺǱ
Ǻ鶼ݵڼ䣬ڵϲ鵽鶼ݵľλãƬδȣֱɱ˹ȥȻǲȥ鶼ݣЩҲǲ£¹Ԣлסˣɲּ˱ĵɧš
ϻᣬ˾ͽ壬һ̣Щ˱ϾǻĹˣЩܣȴ޿̣ЩܵлδĺˣҲǾϧ
Ѫԡ
ߵݣѾվһŸĿֵݵѧԱ˿Ѿ賿㣬ЩҲǻĹˣ㶵Ŀ㣬Ǻ¡
ݵеѾȫɱˣǾֵǵʦɱˣ
һû㵭ͷ
Щŵû˵ˣɱǡ
ǲغ£ҲɱǵģҲֻҺȺܵ˽˶Թ޹أ˵
ǶɱˣԺô찡
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ǶǻĹĴ꣬ȴǸѧϰֵⲻǵ͵ĳѵǻĹã
˵ǲҪˣʮǰĸҲǹɽģ
ĸĸһҲбܲкˣǾ͸ĵȻǴ˵ѧϰֵҪԺԸܣǵм˸˴Ȼ˵仰ÿ˶ܺԽһн踺صģοĹǧǧǱ֮ҪǧǺοҪܰݷأ
ȺѧԱ㶵㽲м˵ս͹ˣкβãǱǻĹŶˣƼȽôһСĵȴ֮ߣѧϰʲô⣿
ţǿ˵İ鶯ƬɣƼȽСƨƨĿƼ
˵
Ǽ˱µࡣ
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лָԽ򣬽һȥܰˣҪѧѧǻĹԼĹ򣡡
ҲǣǰɵƣȻѧܵè
ҲǣһƬ˶˵
ǼҲ˵ǸﶼģˣԺҲٿ㰮鶯Ƭģ
磬ʲôְԺø죡
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ĸһãȻүɶʱ˵˰
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ȣǹЦ̸֪˵Щ˻زظﰡϰ飬˵ǲǣɲŮòͬסһ£ûҿɲţ
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ĸҲжˮһȻҸᡣ
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ϧģְֽٲ¶ˣһʼû̸㶼ˣһʲô˵أǰְ̫ˣҪȵСƶ
˵žóһѣҲ㵹һѡ
㰡Ů˵ĺãСӿɵøҺúϧˣҿɲԺŮұԹãĻߣȻ˵㾴ơ
壬ӦƲŶ԰ôˣ
ҲӸղŵľ˳
壿
¾ѣһá

ɱ
һԱЦϧ˵ϱʵأҵҲû˵ȥģȻ˵ˣҲĸǰŵһõģ䣡
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㲻ţʵ
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ϧ붼ûǵͷŵһᱻϧһȷɣ㣬ǼΣչͷϧ˵仰ʱԺжǸӰȻغˡ˵꣬ϧͷӦЦһٺҲԼһġҲܼеҲΪ̫ƣ
ĸȻĵУϧ뿪ԢϡǵЦ
㣬ոݵãӰۣϧ˵
ᰮӰ۵ģ
ʼ磬ųȥ˹˾
ϧȴվԭأȥıӰȴá


1327 һʮ
Ǹɱļһˣڵˡ
ͨѧԱһ̻֮󣬱ʰ뿪˿ֵݣ˭Ҳᴦʮܵĸʬ
ȵڶʱϻеϺѾ˸ʬ
Ѹʬճɻҽüͷ뿪
ʲô㣿˵
ϴ󣬺ϴľɱַһȫǸʬ
Ҳ̫˰ɣֱȥֵɱˣ飬ǴȥĻ»ΪҼģ
ҡҡͷЩȻɺޣҲôɱ˰
ϴɱˣǿǹܲŵģ鷳ˣ
龡ιȥʹڵʹ𣬱˵Щ֪ܲ٣
˵Ҫڼ㣬ҿڴ֮ǰ޷ץסˣȰѷã
徺̫ңҰģѾļٺڰߣðҵϷ֮ף룡
ҽȥ᰸ѾͨηµĹⶨõģ
ϴҪƸߵˣ
ţỹһʱ䣬飬ȥǰɣ
˵

Ϊ˷ᶼڻﱸѾѶ̩ĴСȫӥȥҵҲǸȥѰѰڰϸǲҪ˾ͽ֣֮ܣϴζҫ͹ҲǷųɱġ
Ȳͬӹңڣˮ𣬹˾ҪڹԢԴӺϧװ£ԢЦ˵ãϧҲǿġ
ϣ˶ᵽеĻ⣬Ȼ¶ˣȻϵŶ̩
ӥ˵ϢҪĹ򣡡
֣ҪĳĹ򣿡ϧʵ
߲òᣡ˵
ϧԾ߲ܲᣬôǱƴӵˣ

ͷŰһֱļڰߣιı䶯Ƕ԰飬ȻҲǶõ飡
ְΪʲôô˵
̵ʲôǾӣȣľӶΪģǶ̩ûȣ
ϧͷ
˵Ȼšӥһ򲻻ʧģϾǺһͬˣʤܴ󣡡
㿴óڰοϧʵϣĺܣ̩ǧھְҵ˵һȺں֮ڣݵеĳԱ϶ѧģڴ̵һЩ󷨣֪ҾϣҲѴﵽһһڶЧ
죬һǾ˵ʱ̣˵
ԹȥɽɢһӰǴ˳㵹ǳۣˣ
һӥЦ
ʵߵǿһȻҲԼȴȻ㲻ҵ˫ۣ˵
Ĳߣ
ӥʵ
ͷгһ漴Ϩˡ
¾ǿˣʩʱһ˲䱬Ҳܹܵĵģοվô
ӥ˵㣬Ǹ̬ûһ˿ȴ
˵ɣʲô飡ʵ
æƣҲı䣬ȥļڰߵѾˣǱ֮ӵ壬ûа취Ͱȣ
ӥԣڰæѵһ֧
ɱ椣̹ɱɱݣҰѵӣȻҵĳ
ֻܾ鷳ˣӥĻ죿
㣬֪ˣȻ㲻æֻȥ취ˣ
ӥ˵ʧߡ
ҪǸŮһܿǿǣ૵

ҡ
ըˣû뵽ڹϺڰ˫ɷȻϢ˵ĹȻ仯Ҫ֪ѾںڰļڰߣķͲҵĶ֡
ιı䣬߲òᣬҲζţڰߺ֮ء
ģЩһϻᣬˣ𣿡Ҳ
ǾΪǰңõ֮ף˵
ǰȻ˵ʲôὫޱȹƽأǹƨٱӵ
ȴˣǰҵľӣҵЩԱͲ˵ˣּҵĸƾȻѵôãҪǰһƵģ
ϻָƽοּҵľⱻըˣ˵ʵڲܾɥӦǾɥʱ䣡
֣ô˵ҲеΣǰη֮սһҪӮ˵
ţ⼸ȥͷǷּҺԱ˽ףץ
¶׹⣬ּûУҿʲôǶ
֣Ǽ飬ʲôߣ
ٶݵ黹ǹڻݵɽƽϣˣص㵱ɱôܣҽһֵѾɢˣҲʧˣ˭֪ǲɵģüͷ
֣Ǹ첻µزµɱ˶ħǵɱҲɱ˾ͽҲɱסˣ
˵֣ҵ˼ǣ˳ˮۣ⼸һԸ㣬Ҫ֪Ǹ˷ļһ츮һ죬Ҷðġ
뷨Ǳߵû츮˵˵ǸǸߣ
˵⼸Ƕͷ
ǣ
֣صͷ

ỹʱϧȥһ˶̩ѵ
ڶҲǲκӣϧ̬Ҳ̫֮ˣ㣬ϧιǾѵģ
ţϧͷ
һ֧ڽܡӥѵ棬ҪۿĻҿԴȥ
Ѿ˵ˣȻһԭΪӥǰ̸ɫԵʡ
Ҫ֪ӥУ־ĸ֣ǰ˵㣬֪ʵжôĿֲ
ӥѵĲֻʮˣʮ˽ǿ׳˫ɱڣȻЩսܷӳơ
ϧʱЩ˶ڽܲѵӥЦӭϣ㣬ǰˣСа취
ӥ壬˸ˣ𲻴Ӧɲܹңϧ˵
Сϧôϱ𣿳Լˣ˵
ҰֲԲҪװˣǵ¶ӥ嶼֪ģ
ϧ˵İɣȳȥˣ
˸˵ͣӥ˵ҿóСϲģֻǣˣҲҪɥʼջжҼСģ
Сӥ㲻Ǵ̸۷µİɣ
СӥӥĶˣǵϵˣ˳ƺͱɱˣֻ㣬ҲΨпЦһ
֧ʮɵĲӣҴӶ̩ǧϵѡľ񣬾ΪӦģ
ӥ˵
ʮȻȥսȴһ˾սսսضۿۣ˵
˵öԣҵĵľһ㣬ԣæָ·
ڷҪǶԸңϴǲҫּը⣬ΣҲպ«ưȥըǵľ⣬һϰ˵
ȥը⣿
ӥȻ
û־ˣҡҡͷ


1328 ⣡
ĵ񣬡ӥ˵汻رţҪը⣬죬Ūãȫھеģ
СʵҲ䵱ǵĽ㵭˵
ҲǻǵʵǾỹʣ죬κʧȥٱһ֧
ûо̸Ǿ񣿡
˵ֻҪƳըܼƻ㲻ĲˣΪͷְ𣡡
ӥѵĲҳȻϿĻֻһȥըԷľ⣬ǻ練ƣЩʿȥըȴǷŲ
᲻úײŶӥԥ
ãը⣬㣬㵱ɣ㿴ţܷ
ӥ˵
ֻǸıߵģڵ֪󣬲ҪҾǵĶԹȥ
㣬μᣬּ˵Ļ壬϶仵ģСҲȻãʱ𣿡ӥ˵
ָָӥ㻹ݣҾȥˣҪ˵ôһ
ǴӦˣ
ͼ
ͷĶԹȻֱӾȥּǰ˵ĻϧԻѹģΪϧðæҪȥġ
ӥһӣʮӽʿ˹ʲôԸ
죬ֻһλ㣬ӥ˵
˵ʲôʱӦ㵱ˣֻǰ߻жģģȻң
㣬Ҳ֪̩жæˣүǼУ鶼Ҽϣѹܴ󰡣

ӥͷ·ˡ
ʮӵʿû״ӥǼǰŽܵģȻӥ֮ǰҲѵѲӹǵģԶڡӥǲİϴȻϧһͬȴǺֵĺܲ죬ѵ˾Ȼжûжٺøˡ
ЩѾʼ׼иˡ
ðɣҽ㣬ᵱûйҪֻҪķҵ
ͳѩѣ˵ϣģھһѩߣ
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ӥһ߸֣ʲô£ܹǹĿ࿴ϴȻܹҽײһȭ·磬Ҳŷ㣡
˵
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û⣡
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Ѿˣʮʿȫڵϣ⻹ģصĻЩ˶ҪȥҽԺˡ
Ҳ̰˷ˣ̰ʮ˵еͷĿ
һҲŵͷ
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ʮҲԾ棬ɿʼﲻˬڵĤݡ
С˼ǽҪɵģȴǴ£
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˾ͲˣģֵǣҲҸɰ
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׶ңΪβңǶ
̰˵ģϴǱըǾ⣬ñ𣡡
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ѵʿķʽʵ⣬ЩѾ൱ʿˣǸҪ̫ѵҪֻʵս顣
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ڵĸ߿Ƽǿ£һź߶ܱڵҶǺģ
˵

츮о
츮е϶ˣյأǾԲܽġ
ÿʮױһͤӣվʿϸ
Ŵȫװʿվڣȷ¾һֻҪȥѡ

ʿ
ЩҲĺڣϾϣɾӵܹҼ壬ھķԼֲӵѵĺء
죬죬ǸҴʮ־ڼʲô¹ʵĻȫһȥ
ߵһλʿ˵
ǣǻúػģ
ϵͷǺͼ˽ȥˡ
񾭲ҵѾˣڼûзκ¹ʣҲ֪⽫ôģ˭Ҵ⣿Ŷ
ɲ𣿾ƽʱӰǵǹеҪˣ˹ңСֹš
ȴǲ֪ڲԶɽּ䣬һ֧Ǹ
˵׼ʱ֣
˵
ţ̰˵
ǵļϵͳֻƽʮӣҲ˵ֻʮӵʱ䣡ʮӺǳǾֻˣ˵
ʮӣˣ
ǳκ⣬ҪԼҲǵģĮ
ѾǺܶˣĶɣⱲҲûɶˣըϺľҲֵˣ
Ա˵룬ȵж
ǸһָսǧҶҲ
Ȼʾ˼飬սϷͻ䣬˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ʮӺ
¡¡
˾еһը
ɹˣ
Ҳϲһ̣ȴüԣʿȻӦûô죬ǰµȴѾ׷ɱǡ
ȻûиЩˣѾʶЩߡ
ˣƻܼ˵ˮ©ĵز氲ҵʿӦûзӦǱǰѾըˣ
̰Ц
ʮ˶ڿٵĳŴȥ
ŵǽȥʱѾŪˣĴžǰʮж൱
Ȼһ̣ƳɵĴţȴ˵ľϲйˡ
ֻһɲǵʱ䣬űˡ
ˣǷӦˣĴƳɵģڵըƣǳȥˣ
̰˰յ
ţӰǰ˽ߡ
ǺôӣȻըǾľ⣡
һ˺ȵоһûмͷš
ӳǱΧˣ
Ӱûһ̣ΧѾۼ˸లҵʿжǹеָкʮˡ
ŭڵ˳ҲֻּѵصľӣǱըǾ⣬޷ҪߣǾǱըˣ컹˽ô𣬶أּҸûоӿã֮ϣһң
ǻǷոɾǾǵ˵֮Ҳ֪ǰҵ
жһЩϣƬ̻Ϊҽ
̰˶ͷð亹ϱԲסˣҪˣ
£ǲһ˵ģ
̰˾ȣΪԺУһȻԼ


1329 ٴң
̰˸Ͳʲô״ֻоԺǸޱϣ·Ļᷢ漣һ㡣
ɱ
Ƴһ׹ƺĿǰЩ˵Ҫּ֪ǿľˣ֮ףöˡ
ӳôðŹâô˰
ֻ̰˴˿ͬһһâ䣬޾
Ҳǿ˲̰˵ı仯һеǣʱ̣װŪ£
ߺŵתΪǶţƬ̣Щ˱ữΪҽ
ʲôȻûϾ
Ҳ𾪵ôܣ
ǻͷ֮ʱ̰˵ͬһſ˫ۣһƻ˹ȥǿѴƬҵʿڵأ涼һ
˧ûԭӳȻϬߣΪֻǸŵװˣ벻װģ
ֻһͱˣŭϣģһȺͰ
̵ͷ漴ǳ̰ˡ
ǵߵҲֻԪؾߣûıʯ޷Բ̰˹ɰв
ǲ̰ǿ˫ֱӾߡ
һҪܣҲǱ̰ץһȭ࣬һغ
ȫ𺳣Щҵʿŵǹڲţ˸ҿһǹ
̰ЩԱ磬ǹеϷ޵һʹԷʿǶҲ˿ûк£νһ˵õȮɣ
̰ǿɱߣȴûټɱˣǰ˫ȭƳڵըٵĴţȴǱȭͷ˸ϡá
Բۣ𣿡
ҵʿǶŲ̰˴ŶԱһȥ˭ǰ׷һ
ûðɣƫƫȵЩǧԶŸȥ׷ȥ׷

̰˵˸ϵǰʱе֣̰˸Ͳ֪Լϵ仯ʲô״ֻ֪Ӿ֮ǹʧˡ
ǻˣҲը˶Էľ⣬Ǽһδͷ
ԭ֮ʱ˰ҵȫû׼̰˶ӳȴԸǿֹǣɱ˶Էߣǲ̰˶ӳǵЩԱﶼǸм
ղŲ̰˶ӳ·һǵһμ̰˶ӳô
ʵʱҲ֪ô£ҲߣҲ֪ΪʲôھһоܸЩ߸ҵĶ֣
̰̹ϵ쳤ۣɣ
ӳ˵ʲôأǸղǰȻ˵ԼôأΪǹװӾ𣿡
ǰӳʵǶ֪ĸ֣˲¶࣬¶ˣǶãô¼ȥģĺˣ
ֵǣĲ֪ô£ǿھûǹˣ̰ҡҡͷ
ˣҪˣǲ񣡡˵
ΪʲôѾɹը˾⣬ȫˣ
ը֮ǰģը⣬ΪʲôҪھﶺӣӣһжҵģ˵
ô
˵ǶǰӣΪѾɹˣҪôӴľⱻըˣʲôӣ⽨Ĳע治κӰ죬ǲ޼ɵȴû뵽ӣЩǵ
ϰУѾǿʱܷĹؼƫƫǷһ󣡡ҡҡͷ
˵ûھΧ˰ӣԤʱ䣬ҲԲǵȷʧˣ
ͷ̰ˣǲÿζô˵ģ
ʲô˼ѵǡ
̰˻û˵꣬Ǵϵ񣡡

ڡ
Ⱥ̫ܵ죬׷ϰһ̹˵
ž
һ˦˹ȥģǸʲôԵģһȺͰ治֪ÿ춼ھЩʲôҲ˵ˣ⼸ǾĹؼʱ̣ҪúðأϵͳᱻԷƽ⣬Ҳըˣ֪֪ûоڼϽ֮أ
ԷжѾܵļƻҲû뵽ĸըⰡôðյ飬Ҳ֪˭ģ
˭ѾˣƤ·ģΪ׵һˣȻҲǸ߸֣ɱߣ
Ϻȵ찡죬ҰǶȻʲȥģ
ǸõΣھûˣǼᵽڵӣ
ھͻȥϵ߼۽һͷҲϣٿκε⣡
˵һļڰ߶ȥԷһּǻ֮أ

ڶϣĲȻͷĲԶ
Ļ˽𣿡
̰ʵ
Ȼᣡûоʲôڼ϶Կּң
˵ǰ˵ʮٵȵȣ
쵽ŵʱͷͻȻֵļʿȫˣͷǱҲʻһ
㣬ˣΪ׵ǰϣ̰˼
һľ䶼ϳʹɫҿΧһɱۣǾ춼ҪŹ
ˣЩ˶īһ˵ЩëвôҲī
죬ǿöģϺȵ
ϴӵ绰׼һȽһڷ֮һģ
ϵ˵
ŰϵķԸǶͷû⣡
Ǽ˶Цű˸ǮƣҲǵͷǮ˳
ܸһεĺ죡
׼Ͱ֡
飡
ǹˡ
˷ġ
ãеˣ
ˣ
ѾΧ
ģȺȻܿˣ˹˶ǹڰ統еĺڰߣ죬ɱǣɱ⣡Ϻȵ
ߵź۵ˣȻ̱ʧǰ
ΪͻϮʿĲӸȫˡ
ȥըǾ𣡡̰˼
ʮ˶Ҫȥˣ˿̣ȴǵǰðźɫ棬Ƕˡ
ǲ֪ǾǺڰ統еĺڰߡ
⣡
̰˲ǰ
ǵˣȫ£
һ㡣
ҪԳ𣿡
ѵҡҡͷ


1330 ˣ
̰˵˵ĻϽ
ģȻһȻȺ˵ĽҲԸģ벻һð֣
ܻȻ֪ģȴǲΪܹܺڰߵģܿˣ˹Ǹɱ㣡
û˿벻ǵĵһڻĹ񣬾Ȼɱһͨߣ˵ȥĻδмֶˣܿ˵
ǿǺڰ統ʦĸ֣ɱҪɱһ²ȥ֣˹Ҳͷ
ལ
˿ֻȴˣ˵ĻҽӸ绰
ι㣬ôԷأҪѵ
ϱů÷ˣһӾͻˣ
һӣͱˣ
ϧݺݵĹ˵绰ԣ㺰Ǿϱʱҵ绰ҪԽԽ޳ˡ
ǻûأϱȥԷٶȵɣ˵
Fuckһͨ绰Ȼôţǻ˵ı𣿡
ܿ˵
膪£
ȵƾԳѪѪѪ֮˲ſʼЩͨ⵶ô£
ˣ˵
Ѫ缤һٶȣֱӳһ˴˹ȥ
˷Ӧٶٿ죬ҲѪ˺
ܿˣôˣ
˹ŵ϶ûѪɫγһɫĴ󽣣Ѫ˹ȥ
ȫܲһλʦ쾳ĺڰߣȻǰɱ
ݣ
ѪնѴ󽣣˹ͫ޷Ŵ֮£ؿڴ
⣬ôܣ
Ѫ˵ѪҺѸٳΪʬ
սûжһָҲֻǻһӰˡ
û֣ϣĸһǽнܿ˹ûѣƷ
Ц̰ˣҰͷоѵǲʵҲɱˣ
̰˵˿ȥıӰ̫̾ţ̫ˣǲǽһ䣬һƬƲʣ
߸ʬһ仰˵̰ײϣÿһ𣡡
ӳѾȫգ϶ҪҪɱˣ
˵ˣϲʵɱˣոձֵĻϵģ׻ǸɱˣּҲ鷳ģ̰ߺ
һįİϵϥڵϣսȭͷȻأ㣬ҰǲҪ֮ףҲȻŹģ
ϵԢϧڳϴ룬˵ʮķӣûгٵأ
ڵ緹ţó԰ɣ
ϧƳһ㣬˵Ųȥըˣ
ô˵ˣң˵
ҹĵּҵĲӣǱˣ
ϧҡҡͷ
գ
һĽŲ
㵹֪˭ˣǳϧգ˵ϱķǺóԼˣ
úóԾˣԺԲҪڼϱôҺΪģϧӦ
ӴŮϱ쾭尡ʲôΪģӦӦ˾Ͳ˵
ô˰װ
ûʲô˵ʤ̣ģҲ֪Щ춼ڹԢµģܶ飬ǲģ
ͷͷҲҪ˽һ𣬲֪һʱ䣬ǴյȥӦ𣡡
ģ㣬ǰϿֻϺ꣬һҶôгԿ벻㾹Ȼʧ˲أڿ϶Ѫ
ЦⰻȻͬһ㣬ϳ壬첻֪ʰϣֻǣϽƻĺܣûиᡣ
Ҳǵͷжĥϻ㾡ǵ˷֮ף츮нûκǰ;ԣ
ţǺ֣ϣܹڷ֮ϣһٻңΪ츮еİһݹף˵
֣㣬Ȳ裡
ϧ˿Ҳ˵裬Ц㰡ǺϧͺһͻݵĺӴ
ϧһۣҲǲ˵ֻǺͷ
¥ʱ˵СӰҪʵڰͲס¥˯ɣҺĸװ֪ģ
Ц뱧ӣ˰
㣬Ұָո͵͵˵ʲôأ
滰𣿡
Ȼ
˵һ¥˯Ȼܾˣ
޳ܣ

츮зٿǰһ졣
ҡ
ͷһս֮һҹ֮䣬Ϻ˿ɰ׷˺ֹһ
Ҳǰʷۡ
֣Ǹħ㲻ҪΪˣӣֵõģ
Ҳ۰һҹͷþһȻСӸ׽ŪǷϣﰲϱ𣬵ȴǿûǸʵǰʵȻԥ˺Ƭġ
ְֲİҿľӪô꣬ΪʲôΪ˵ȵٿһ죬ɹϷ֮ףٴγΪ츮̶֪֮ϣͱǸ׻ˣ
˵ûˣֻƴճһεȾһڷ֮ϣȻּҺ˵Ķ֣
֣Ҷ֪ҲȻͷ
ҽѾټ˾ͽ壬ǿߣԼǵĸ߼ߣҰµ츮֮ҲҪʬΣ˵
Ƭ̣⴫Ų
֣Ƕˣڴ
ϲ۽Ҳ֪ǲǱɳŪ˵ᣬ˵ߣȥ
Ϊͷˣ
ʵ
ٱǰɵ飬ȫ˵һ顣
棬վʮ֡
ǣѪվһ˾ͽߣҲǺڰӶĳԱ˵㣬ɱ˾ͽҵ
ǣѪǶͷʱݣʦһ쾳ߣ޷ɱ
ѾʦĬȻͷ
˸ѽ·ʦΣɱô۹ˣɣ
Ǻܱ׼Ҳ˵ҲˣǸǿߡ

λѾ֪˴츮иɵضУҰȫǱ˻ٵģǷٿ֮գҰϱضƴһ̣ҲҪּһ÷֮׵Ŀĵóѣ
˵
ɣҵ
˾ͽ˵
һ飬ҰϸҪλ
˵
ҰϽǾһûĿģֻҪǹͬԸһˣ
˵ǶԵץס㣬Ȼǣôν֣ȴǿԿ϶㲢ô׶Ըģԣҿλ֣һɱ
˶ڿǣϾ˴˶ǺϤĶǸ֣ǶԼɱ㣬Ҫٽ֣֮Ե鷳١
ҵĿʵһģɱ㣬һȻ֮أһǻ֣գ
Ҳ˵
ã˾ͽû
ܵ۹Ҳû
ǶҲûɱʦ֣ԼʦӣʦǵĴߡҲڸ츮е;Уɣ
ϺͰ˶ĵɭЦţλ֣ƺѾܹԤ뵽ģˡ


1331 ľ
츮еһС
ϻСֶӵĶԱҲüͷ塣
ϴ󣬺ľ鳤ᵽ
Ϻ˵
ڱĿͻȻ֮˫ˣǿȥӭӣ
ľˣͺڰ˫ɷ
ǰվһľѵŮˣźɴ俴òȴ롣
ľϻᵱвþĸ鳤ҲϻУ֮ĵһŮ
ϻᵱУľĿĲһ֡
ҲһμλպĴδЩ
ڰ˫ɷɣȻ˵ľȴû뵽̶ȣɴδȥ˹޵
Ȼ˿Ӻľˣ
ľվżˣ˾ǵȥץߣ༸˶ǺľŭڣȻˬڰ˫ɷ˶źľ˽ܵط
¸Ҳˣڰ˫ɷ˵
ˣµˣһӲɫ֣ҵĸ״ˣҲǣ
ľ˵Ѿ鶼֪ˣ벻츮оȻΣǲѺΣº
ľˣԼǣֻǿϧǼζδץ㣬ͨ󣬿ֻкľ˳֣ϣôˣ
ҼȻˣȻԳ֣
ľ˵ô˵˵ļƻɣ
ǣľˣ츮ʮδٿļҪչǣ츮еĸ壬гˣ٣ΪּСϧڣȻҲǰ
˵
¹츮δȻƻңҪڷ֮󣬶ְɣ
ľ˵
˵û
˵ҰѴ˴жƻȻҪѷɣ
ãҲδ츮У
ľ˵꣬Ϊһ̣ʧǰ

ӭ¥
츮неǼƵꡣ
̰ʢʮֲӵĶԱԼ㣬㱾Ƴ٣ȴʢȴϾҲЩԱ졣
ЩӵĶԱҲǾóɳ١
Ⱦһ֮㲻ǵĽˣ죬Ҳ̰ȴǾѧıȼ껹̰࣡˵
ӳ˵ĶԣӢ䣬񹦸죬ǱȸΪ
һԱɱˡ
ͷƨĹѧĲҺϲ
Ҳɱˡ
һ̰˵˶ȵ˵ʱмԱϷŮԱȻҲϵġ
Ȼһ¶ûУûк죬һȺ˴ӾƵȥЩŮԱֵǳˣô׳ҲɫûɫΪǻȥأߣ
椶Ưǰץ㵱ӣҲǸһ
ԱﻹžƿӣǶѾȵ񾭴ˣǿŽֵŵĺźɴŮӣĻ졣
ʵϿٷ֮ʮˣ˺ľװ磬Ժжźʲô
ľĺЩ˵뷨żû⣬С椣ƯҽΣ
ľޱţȫû˵ɧš
Ӵ椻ŰȻҲСүңץߣ
ľһ䣬Ҫ֣˿һȴǵǼǰһȥһȺ
Ҫץ׸㵱ӵİô࣬ǵȻҪˣ
𣿡
һȵʽǣΪǽΪǽھ¥ʢѾ㹻ˣҿǺȶˣȻǿҸŮ֮¶ܹɳǿкηֱ𣿡
ԴǣֿޱȣǺľȼģľŮӣЩ壬ֻһô̫ˣҲͻɴˣȻ˵ҸŮ
֪ˣոնһʱƾͷ˴£
Ǹȵ
Բǲǹģ
ȥҶۣŭˣԼװװѣȻͷˣѾģԼôãȥ֮ҪúǡҲָЩĵŮˡ
̰ŶԱǸϽˣһλ˴ĶԱ˵⼸첻ǸǣŮҪ뷽跨Ūôղȴǰѵǣⲻѧ
˶Ʊģ
̰˵ǺҲҲôâɵõȡôŮͶȥģѧŵɣֱʱ򣬽أ
̶ӳ㲻ϱ𣿡
ûУ̰ҡͷ
Щ˶ǽǱ͵͵ǸŮԽԽԶıӰ
˼ոûᣬʲôҸŮǡŮ˵
⻹࣬ͦеģǱ𣿡ľʵ
ͷģӾϺ㣬ǳô󣬻ûݹ椣޳˵
ڰɣ㳤Ҳѵԭ򣡡ľһɲ
˵ҴӲģ
ľЦ˳һɴˣͿС椳ʲôģνǾΪˣϧ޶һȼġ
ң椶ܲϻĿӵʲôʦ߸ǿ˲֪ٱոôԴǵ˵Ҳ˺ЩԱ
ȾɫŮݲŲ񻰰
ô˼治ӦûŮѣľ˵
ҲΪŰ˵ңԶĵطһﴣᣬɰҪģ޷ǾǵȴȻˣ
Ű˵ģľҡҡͷ
ˡ
ʵӦ˰ɣʲô֣ҲΪѰһλ˧ĺ𣿡
ҽкľȷһˣΪץ
ץ
츮Уǰ˵ţʶأ
ǣҲΣʶ㶼Σգ
ľ󵭵˵㣡
ۣ
㣡
㱻ˮǺôˣôƯһСԶΪץԼѵѾ츮ӵȥ
ҪÿһλƯС椲Զǧ׷ңҵһֱ磿
ʶ
ľ˾ȣ˲һӵĽˣһûһ˿Ϣʶǿ֮ˣ
ʹ¸߹ȴȻµΪңŻᱻɱΡ
˵ףľǾãֻҪǰһܹӦڵġ
㣬ӢȻʶ
ӢǸɱ˷֪֪ˣ㻹ʶʲôϵľ˵
㲻ҪᣬҳӢС˧ȴǺŲ֮𣡡
гˡ


1332 㣡
ľǰŻһͻȻʮȽҹգȵӣмֿɰС˧ʲôأһ԰㣡
ˣûпڡ
ɱȫң
ľ˵Ȼû˵˵ܲ˰ɣ
Ҫһ򣡡
Ȼ˵˵ţǳźľ˹ȥľֻоһ㻹˵ˣԭںľûһ˴ڵģĸףΪɫһǰ˵񴿾ֿȻӣв̡
ΪԼһ˫۽𾦣ǹһ۱֪Ȼһİ˿ԼļϺܲζľǴ
㵹ǰˬһ£ľȫǻƽʱظô͸ܲеķ㿿С椼ϣ˫Ҳûţһֻ־Ͱںľβ֮ϡ
ǺҲĶƸ䣬ʵû̫ľʹúľûиоԼԶˡ
ôˣ
ľ˵ⶼȥˣ˺ûд˼
ĵ׵ܣ
˵ҰһŮˣ갡սҲŰɣ
Ȼأ
ǰЩ׼׵ģҴź˧βʻǺĵһ仰Ȼڣǵʱ˵ʲô
˵ʲô
ľĺĶˡ
С˧ҪһܣϲһˣҲ
˵ҿʼΪҪ˵ҡС˧أЦݣ˭֪˵㣡ʱҾŵʻлˣ
ͣ
ľЦҲǹģΪʲôֳ㣿Ӣ
ٽһ򣡡
˵ȥ
ľҲͦɱģ˰ŮӾȻϲǸɱ˶ħȻ˫ֱ㣬㲻Ҫѹˣо仰˵ĺôҪһϵҪѡ𣿡
ںľУﻹڼϵԽԽʵ㲻ҪνգʵҲˮģżѹʱҲҪһůĻͺǴ˿̣ĻůǶʹľ
ľʹ֣ҲǸˣ㻰ҲǱһ㣬ǱʶǸ˵ˣ˿ҲǽĻ˰ˡ
ʱ䣬ɿľĻ˵˼ұ̬ʧ̬ˣ
ûʲôҲдʱҶãοǸˣ
Ҫ׷㣿
ǵģ츮еĿģ
ľ˵ˣ㻹û˵Ϊʲôأ
̫˧ˣֱȫѣ˿ᰮģ֪ˣȻȴǲ뱨ˣķڷ
˧ʲôã廨ͷˣֻһƤҰˣС˧ҾöˣǴģˣҵŮӵģػģľ˵
лл㰲οңûʲôأ
ľ
ǺľС㣬ˣ
㹰֣תˡ
ľԭأ뿪ıӰҡҡͷ¼仹д˵ȻˣñӣҲȥұ˱ҲԵһ㱨ɣ
Ҫװȥˣ
Ȼ߿ˣʶȴû뿪ľߣѾľղŵĻˣҲ֪ľϻĸ鳤ҲЩ˵ͷͷ죬Ǽٿʱ䣬ҪʱԼ֡
ҹصԢ㿴ϧС椾ȻɳϾţҲ˵һҪٿˣ㻹ȥȾƣ
̰Ƕˣûɶ£Ǹô
Ȼϧߣּ˵֮ص飬㣬㣬
ðɣôû˯Ҫһô˵
ȻѾ͡ӥ˵ˣðְֲμӣҶ
ϧ˵
ͬˣ
ʼǿҷԣ˵Сӥ˫رҲʲô¶ǿӦģ
ͷ
㣬ваη֮ף
˵أ˵

츮ʮδļԶϿȿġ
츮жߵĽϿΧɽ֣̣Ҳʺϼ忪սĵط
Ͽȱɵӣ峿Ѿв߽ӡ
ҵ˶ˣϰ˵
ҴżʮӶѾϵԶϿȣɽȻҲڡ
ͷҵƺҲˣ
ҵ˾Ȼô࣬ΪǿĻ٣ʲô
ⰲҾٵҲҶϻؾţǲӹ򣬰ֻԻǰ̣˵
ϵȷ˺ܶ˵ִԶϿȣǵߣߣ˾ͽĺڰӶҵֲӣЩһϵݵѧԱѹ
֣Ϻ껹ǴųӣҪ˵
ôǰҲȫùμҪƴǾӵⷽôȻںּѾˣһ֧񲿶ӣ޼᲻ݣ˵
гˣ
гŮͼ߹˽Ҳվг
һֱܿȥҲǵ˵㣿
ֻ֣Ƕˣ΢졣
ְû˵ʲôҲȹһΣһֱţ˵
ľˣ
һµĺľ糬׵һ㣬Ҳ΢΢Щ㶣ŮӣͺǷ֮һ
˶źľȥǶںľ޵С
λг˰ɣϻþĸ鳤ľ
ľ˵ϻᵱеˣǱȽġ
ľ鳤ˣֻǹ֤˰ˣᵽΣ˵㣡
˵
ľûкຮѣҲ£һɢʮ㣬˲ҿ
ɵˣľ˵
ҡͷ
ӴľˣгˣǶˣƫƫߣȻٵôãҾǵ˷֮ף츮еѣҽǲμӼȨ˵
ʱֻûαļ
˵
ߣ
ϸ꣬ǿ߽һˡ
ΪŮϧұվŵǺˣּҵĸ֡ӥߡˣЩˡ
ĺƣȴȻı䣬źɴ˿ò
⵽ǲ㰡
ϵ벻ˣˣôΪȣӦþ㲻٣ֻҪ氡
㣿
ľѾ̽ӣûӵбǿΪҲ˵㲢Ϊ֮ϡ
ӦǸģ˵


1333 ƻ
ʣϵļƻǱ㣬ɱԽͷ֮ʹ
ľĿģҲץ㡣
ʵϣĶûзڼĽϣǷϡ
㣬Ϊɴʵ
θɣ˵
ˣ
ʶҲһȣ㵽ʲôϷ
ӳϳӣǸ֮ˣԲɴģĺҪǸ㣬Ϊˣһϣ𣿡
ʵϣϧҲ֪ڸʲôϱɴΪҪأҲ˵
ȻǸ֮ˣľ˵
ϧǴ㸸μӼ𣿡ϧͷ
ãȻˣļѾˣľˣԿ˰ɣʵ
ľͷλȻףηĹб䶯
ߣһ
ϣк壿
ûУֻǾιĸĶǰ˵Ϊ˵
ŶεĹ򣬾ǿŶӵȻвܳߵǿߣǰžӿɽһ壬Ϊľ˵
ʵǰҰҹ˲ţڰߣڰӶߣߣһ˲ؼǿߣȻڷῪǰһڣȴ֪ҹر䶯ˣ⻹ǿǰң˵
ϣΪĹ񣬲ǸϹ֣Ҳ˼˵óڣ
ľЦ
һԣ֮֮г˵
ҲڶۣҲǷɧˣⶼȻ˵õ飬Ҳ֪ı䲻ˡ
Ҳǿһ۰Щ֣ŭ·ֻҪһҪһЩ˽ĿĿҲǷᣬһɱڣԼģҲãе㣬Һһ򾡣
ҺּҼȻϣǱһ飬Ϊһ飬˫ѡʮǿ߽ϿȣСʱĶ飬ʤߣ
ʤߣǷ֮ף츮֮˵
ҵ˵ûаǵװϿ֮ڣǹʵҪô죿
ģʱȥҸ񣡡Ϻȵ
ѾϿȣһȵֻСʱСʱУǿסԷĹƣѡӳ
˫ѾǩЭģϿȵˣûκ˻Ḻ˵ģ
úϧϣǶƽ

ϧ£ɫЩÿǺܽš
С㣬̰˵ǱѵģʵͻͽټӦò̫ģӥ˵
Ҵ˿Ҳ˹ӥ֣ҿҪȫǰ˵Щ˼
ֲؽ黳˭Ҳ֪ǰ޸Ĺ򣬼˵ˣηʤĻǻᰴЭϷȥģ
С㣬˵ˣܲҿЦ
£֮ϣܶϷҡͷ
װƣ
㣬֪ΪʲôҽвõԤУᷢʲôһϧ˵
ģǷκ飬Ҳܵ˺
Ƴһ۰ұЩ֣Լľˡ
Щˣһ˲㣬Щܹܵġ
㵹ǳסȻûиоڽľ˵
ˣΪĪ⣬ߣ֪ǵġƻҲ˿η壡˵
ߣϿҪɱСʱھץľ˵
ֹǺľ˵˸£ĥߴȻҪСʱ㱨ѩ޵ģ
ߣ֮أ˾ͽ˵
㣬ѷɣǵ˵
ϴЦݣĵò֮ףֻҪɱ㣬ּҳҲᱻġ
ϴѾϿгˣǶˣˣ
ıߵģϼ
ǰҵģ
ɫȻȥϣе漣Ȼûϣ˵ġ
ܵԽԽ࣡
ʿѾܵˣϴһǸʲôԵģʲôСʱô
Է̫ˣȣǵװͺС׼ӲǹһεģǲҼﻹ绨ţҪȻȥˣ
ҲǣҪ飬Ҳˣ̫ˣ
ҲˣͲñ˵˿

ЩʿװİװһŰϵˡ
Բۣ
Ѫ
ûСʱİʿȫܹˣȵֻʣּҵʿεķ֮ףּҺң
֣ڳɹˣϧ˵
ҲǼСϧּҵʿǷ̫ˣ
ҲǸмӥ֣ԺԸΪּЧȮ֮ͣ
ּңңϲǣ츮Ҳһȫҵģ˵
ߵȴһλϣڱĿ񣬿Σú֣Ը˳ŵŰ
ȻҪˣ˾ͽһ˺ȵ
ЩҲȫ˵㣬ӵ
ʲôӥһȵ
Ҫɱ㣬޹أƥʶľ͹ĻҲɱ
ӥЦƾҲɱң
ôôϣôһȴĿģ
ľ˵㣬㻹ǳô˶Ҫɱ㣬ֻǿϧҺľĿģȴҪȥ
磡
ּҺҵ˶Ӧˣϧﶼʼ˿ȴ˫·һЩ˶ȻӥЩҵģɣ
㣬ǸŮ˺Сĵ㣡
ӥͷϾΪ֮ϣȫֻ㲻κ顣
СϧȻȥҴӦ㣬µģ
㿴һչ˺
ռ̫խ첻ȭɱģɣ
㻯ΪһӰʧǰ
ܣЩ˶ʧǰ
Ǳȥ׷ǣľҲȵ
һɽۣ֮Ʈ죬ͬһДЩ׷ɱĸͬ˶ɽ֮㣬Ȼ֪ʵǿȴûоܹסڶֵ֡
ˣ
һȵ˾ͽңܣǵߣаĺڰߣһʮˣҪɱˣ
ɱЩˣ㵹û˿⣬ңѾ֣ڰڵǳӽǽɱתΪδһָֻΪķȻҲϡ
ǰ㣬㻹ɱ𣿡ľ֮ͬ


1334 
ľʵȺ˵Уǿһ
ĵǳҲʹ϶ЩȻ޹⣬ϾһŮ˵ѹס˭Ǻ
ľǣһͬɱ㣡һ˵
˵ֻץģͷδܹʵģľȵ
ģ㲻ǺһȰɣǶɴҪ㣬𲻳ˣ
һ˶Ե

ľһӣһǰһСɽ壬¡һը죬ɽ嶼ľը
ڳˣʵߵҲʦ쾳磬˶ҡͷ֮䣬ݻɽ֣ľʵѾͻʦȻ֮
֮ǣҲ֪ľǼߣ
˭Ҫɱ㣿ľȵ
Щ˶ҳ
Ҫɱˣûܹӵ˵ģ
ȵɴȻסǻﵱЯɱȴ֡
ۣԴСӣȻҳԼΪۣһЩ˶˵
˾ͽѪһȵҶȥɱСӣҪѪ
˾ͽߵ˶ȥţߣǵߣڰߣÿһҪɱ㡣
ľҲ㶿ųȥˣȴûֹϾɱ˶ħǱߣҲҪһӣԺܶ˵Ҫʹࡣ
ǱɱҲãֽѣľ˵
Ȼһ̣ȴǾȵĿһѪĽĳһնɱһˡ
ûܹӵùһġ
һնɱʮһˡ
һ˻ʦĸ֡
˼ǰˡ
Ҳûм׷ɱѪڵϣŵѪ
۸ӿǣԶ˫ۣĻǱ۳֣ȫʬס
ȵ
ЩڷɣǸղžûгȥĿѪϵģȵ㣬Զ˫ۣ
һӣ
һطȥһ䣬Ǳͬһһ㣬ֱڰˤˤĿȫǣȻȥ
㣬ǺεΪ
ʣµ˶˵ľˣôǣ
ǣߣ
ľһֱһԹۣӵ˸ǿΪȷûԤϵģǣҲû׼ЩˣϾԼѡ·Թˡ
ʱ䵽ˣ
ȵѪٴγɱˣգ۹ʣʮȫѪɱĸɾ
ɽ֮ϣֻʣͺľˣȫˡ
Ӧ֪㲻ҵĶˣߣ˵
ȻҪԣľ˵
ָ֮ɱʮ֣ʵѾʦľֻһߣԣҲнʵ㣬Ȼ
ȷ㲻ߣʵ
ľͷ
ˣ
˵꣬Ӱʧˣľ޷λá
㣬ôܵ
ľʵԼ֮ϣûҪܰ
˭ҵͽɱˣ
һںľܲϣ޾ϣľëȻĲԤС
ɲǣľǰһڹ⣬ڹʧ˲䣬һŻߵĳ֣֮úľ𺳲ѡ
һֻ޴ЫӣЫӵβɫâЫ׺ƺɱ˺ľ
ľ֪һЩĶ֣ǿԲٿ޵ģЫӣȻɱǿޡ
˿ֻҸײӦҪɱңҸûκΰ취
ľĺܡ
СޣƺûҸո˵Ļ˵
Ҳ֪˭ɵģľ˵
֪ҲǻĹߵвľˣҵЩͽǣ㣬ֻ·һ㣬ⷽԲڣҸоκһܹһ㣡
߶Ե
ľ֪ԼǱˣѹܵô죬ԭ֪ȸǰʬڹأ
ߣԭɱ֮鷳ģȴ벻ͽǾȻȫɱˣҡǰɱ¾ȴ벻Ӧȫˣ
˾ЩĴҫ棬ǱɱģҲ㱨ġ
ȴû뵽©ƫҹ꣬ͽҲȫɱˡ
ľԾҲߡģǺ׶൱뿪ڣǰЩͽܣĲɱģϻģҵĸǡ
û˵꣬ǴĻ㸸˭㶼
µЫͰͲסһ㣬βһɨֱӳźľ˹ȥ
ľŰշȥȴǱЫӴĵϡ
Ҫ㳢ֲĶ
ƣȫẠ̊́һ˹ȥľ޷ֿⶫǵߣڣö֡
⡮ǶߵеĴߣĶ綾ޱȣǺ̸սӽľ߱ǱŪ˹ȥ
ȻƾҪײϺľؿڴ֮ʱȴǷˣľȻһλá
ôܣ
ȣ⡮ڽ֮涾΢нӴֱӻԣⶾ壬ǻ֮࣬˰ʮ֮󣬻ΪѪˮ
С޵壬Ǳ˭ˣ
һӰͻȻڡǰ˵ϵĺɴѾ׵ˣҲָЩͽǣǱɱģ
ʵһѾоڲԶ֮ԻľҲΪҪáС椵ŮԼ鷳
㣿
ţ벻ͨ˾Ȼ⸽Ȼûиܳ
Ҳڱֻ֣֮Ǳ۵û뵽үүȻŸ˵
µЫͬöһ㣬ŭ㣬޲ʹϹ˫
㣬˶ǱɱģոŮҲǱߵģ
ȵͷ˫۶ðȻܹһҲʵҿȥҩ
ƾƨŵĳ𣿡Ц

ȵβЫСӣ֪
֣ҡҡͷ
ǡβЫȲˣ߰׸ߣͬСһ㣬βȻһ˦ȴǷûж
꣡
߲֪ʲôʱһѵǸոʮλֵѪҺѪһֱնЫӵβ͡
ЫβͽɫҺ壬һֱӱܿЩĵĶ
ЫӶβͣͬشһ㣬ֱӾȥ¡һ̮ȥ
㣬⡮βЫڹܸ꣬ٽһΣȻˣ
ȵƤҵֵǮĺܣѪҺƤҩֻ޵ʧҲֲˣ㣬ɣ


1335 С˧
ǶǵĴߣΪʱõһֻԼǿޡβЫֻЫһͱնˣҪֻ֪ЫӵڶҲ֪ɱߣ桮˶ٸõƤƿ඾
ƤƤԽǿĶҩԽΪңǸղšʩչġڽһбɱһλĹߣȡƤҷƳɹġ
ڽҲĿǰΪֹƵĶҩеĶ԰󣬸дЧ
ʵڡѾԽ˶ߣֻҪɱƤҩԼѪҺʵܴ
Ĵٴẓ́ǿĶҩߣֺڽҲ֮ء
ȥɣ
ȵźѾ㣬ȴû˿ܿѪһẕ́
ҵҪ⡮ڽж
ֳƣǴһɫ磬Щ̱ɫԭطأһȻѾٶ֣ȴȻҪЩ̵׷١
ܣ
һȣӾȻƮڰУ㶯á

Щ롮壬ֱӾͻ˹ȥЩȻûа֣ȫ֮ڡ
Ȼڻ
㿴ѾΪѪˮա˵ǰ㣬˰ʮ֮󣬡ȫḯ໯ΪѪˮ
ѪƺҪȥɱǡȴǵȻһЦֵѪʲôģԺ㳢ΪǿߵѪҺʲô
Ѫɵı˻ȥ
ǰѺľһɽ֮еģľȻûбǡڽȫ룬Ҳܹ˵̣һֱԲѡ
㵹ûиɳʲô飬ֻڱźľĹЩӴĦˣЩϰԵΪǡΪ֡ˡ
գ¹Ӷ˽ȻľʱѾҹˣ۾ԼȻ˱ţӹǾ˵˫֮䣬ƽʱһƾҪӣȴǷ֣ӻڵҪһ㣬̫ѡ
ǿӲĶ˶ӣҲ˳װպľС㣬ˣ
㣿
ľû뵽ԼǸ˾ȻˣС˧ôովʲô飡
̫ˣ
˵ǲ֪ǡɾƬɽ֣ȴǿںһֻ޴ЫӴ򶷣
ǲ𣿡
ľ˵ǵõʱЫӰβ
ô㣬һɻҲ
˭
㣡
ʱһˣڹľҡҡͷ
ЫӸɱˣҲԼĶҩΪѪˮ
ѵ
ľŻʱǵǡѾʩչڽԼǶҩŪͷεģֱӻˣյǡڽ壬ǾԻж֮ΪѪˮģԼȴС˧ϾУͷӦòƭң
㻹ţɱ֮󣬱ǰ㽻ң˵տ㣬ǴͻģֻǣЩСذǽ±㣡
һأ
ľϾǸŮӣֿ񣬻Ϊ˵أԽԽľҲ֣ߺһƬˣôô񰡣ôһֱţйŮĲ֪
ǲǻ䰡
㱧ĸˣղԵʱԴһֱð麹ﻹ϶˵š䡯ΪԷһֱأ
ԭˣ
ľͷ俴һ˵Ĳ¹ӳ£ȴżˣҲûһֱˡ
˻㻹ɿ˺ľǽߣ˵ľС㣬ҲˣҳȥҵԵģ
ľͷ
Ǵ״̬ģڵ޷ۣڿһͨŮӵʵ磬ǿǽվɽǱȽϴģƺŵһֹӵζǳȥ
ԽԽڶϣȴǿһַɫâĹӡ

ľϳֺ⣬ȻЩ
ߵĴ󲹹ʵһڵľ֮󣬳ϼָܻ
ȴǼѰһֻɽֶѨͱڵвŻ
ľǵһԼѰֹӣժŹӣ΢΢˲Щ涼Ǽ⻬ģԲҪϴҲܳȥ
Ź¶ǣľʼڵҲǻۼ
ȵľٴ˫۵ʱ򣬶ѨǰѾһƬ⣬ԭ￾
ľ˿̵ѾָҲûκĵط뵽ղǰ˾Ȼûг֮Σǰ뷨Ǵģ䵱滹вٺ˵ġ
ľĺøб˹ȥҲ˵ֻֻӣһһֻҲܹ±ˣ
ľڵʵԶԶûдﵽʳ˼̻ĵزչ黹Ƿˣ˾ͻӣͷˣˣͦõģ
̸ϰɣҾøл㣬Ҫû㵱ʱͺΣˣ
лҪᱻ׷ɱˣֻǸͨˣЩ¶˵Ҳ׵ģľ˵
ߣʵ
ţϻĸ鳤ոս׵һߣ츮УץģֻʵһǿȻܹɱ£ֻҵĸףץˣ
ľź
û뵽һСС츮УȻ˸ǿΪˣҲΪûҪ˵ȥмҲǾܵġ
ϾҪʲȥڹôܻᱻ׷ɱң˭֪ǲǳš׷ɱʱ͵Ϯɹģ
ͷ⡣
й˱ǵζľǾøпտҲܿһεˣľӾȻˡ
Ҳǵֵסζջ󰡣

ľкȻͨˣΪԼǰȴԵ˲ڣǹա
Գˣ
ЦҲصһҰ⣬ɽڣԣйŮͲһ˷ܰ
ľҲһóţû뵽㿾ζ
ҪǺҴˣͻᷢԽԽöģ
㻹ţ
ʵЦ
ųţ㵹Ǵ˸ãһԵĺľȴǷЩ
ľѾߺһƬƺڴһ㣬С椲ΪԼͨˣɽ֮УҸЩʲôùʵɣ
Ȱ
ľͻȻ˫֣Ҫ¡
һǸŮå


1336 ˾ӣ
ڽǶǴߡƵľ綾жҩĳɷְ󣬸ŴЧ
ԭľֻǱȥһ㣬Ч֮󣬺ľʹõ֮еһֱڷټϺľ˲ڵ⣬߻һԭĴ鶾ˡ
ľһʼ֪䣬ֻо̣ȣ궯˳ޱȺÿҪһ
ľԼ£ǰѩ׵һƬ㿴ľƺýȣȻ˹
ǳһŮӣһƸȷˣŮǺľһܹϧŮŮ˹Ҫ㻹Ļ¶Ҫ
ľס㣬ǿҵϢȻֱӰǿ£ָؼ
εɽ֮У¹⣬УŮɲһ𣬿¾޷ѳסԼɣοǰĿȾŮӡ
ࣣ
ľ˫ϵȴȻȥ㵹ûκηȻѾ²ľĳִ鶾ǽִ鶾õİ취
ԼǸǿˣľӦò⡣
ľĶԽԽֱֱӾͰƵǽȥˣ˫Ҳ档
ѵ»ص֮Ĵ֮Ҫôֱı˶𣿽һһβ׵ļ䰡
ҡҡͷȴźľһм顣
գ
ɽ֮⣬ȻŲ责л⣬˵أҿǻҹطɣ
ǲУ˵ɽѾأлãʡѨҰս
ǹøպ͸责ĵļһ׼Ұսġ
ǽɽʱѾһˣֻδĿãЩͷ贾ȻһֻøգζŶҲ԰ɣ
㱻ͻȻֵŪһȤûУֵ˰ѾӣѺľֱ֮Ӿʹ뿪ɽ
ߵʱ򣬿˿ȻµĺľЩźҡͷ򻨴йݲմ˾ӣӦþ޽˰ɣ

ҹԢУȻƻͨ
һ¥ּҼ֮⣬ңɽг㶼ɳϡ
ںܰû˿˵
ã˵г֣ǻȻȥɣǻˣһʱǵģ
Ȼжʮ׷ɱ㣬ǵȴһʵ֮ϣΪκ飡
ӥ˵
Ϊʲôûлʵ
Ҳ˶ĵ⡣
ӥεҡҡͷǸˣҲЩף
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˵
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Բ£ѾͷҪˣ׼θֻˣ
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ǲҾˣ
ϻĺľҲˣ
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㣬ǸĺúӣҪϲȥ׷ɣ˵
֣ҿûй˼룬ң˰ɣ
Ѿͷѵֻ˼𣿡

ҵ˼ߺҲ׷׺ʱ˵С㣬ڷϱֵĺŶʱ䱾СԷ
ϡ
ϴСͣͶݵ˴һܣʲôûгٵһ㶼
ţ㣬СӣһϲҲ֪ϧൣأ
֣˵ʲôкõģ˵ˣ˵ʲôҲѣӦ𣿡ϧ˵
ǵҲǣ
Ц
Сϧ֮淢ʲô𣿡
ҵˣҪǹǹɱǣӥϻѹסˣҿǰ˼ںѪһزĹǺ
жĥǰҵģͷ
ŮջǾͺúģҺ¥ȥˣʵҺѾԽԽˣѾ¥ˣ
ⷬ˼޷ǾǣϧҪһ¥ҹ͹ɡǲʲôġ
ߺϧͻȻ˵Ů㣬ҿӦòֹȥԸЩ߰ɣ
ϵζȻǺľģҪ˵ϺͺľӴʵ̫ˣȫǺľζ
˵ûҽ˶ԸЩߣһ˲õ飡治ɫĲ˵
˵
һλʧŮ

ڱµʱ򣬺ľҲôһ治֪ǲڤڤ֮˵ĻʱѾڷˣͺڰ˫ɷڲԶš
ľˣˣ˵
ľ΢΢ͷ
׷ʲô飬Ǹϵʱ򣬶ʮ˾߸ʬڵϣһѪˮһֻ޴޶Ы
ľˣǿ϶ǳҵĴսɣ
ľ˵ңʮߣǱһģǰûлӣڻѪˮˣǶǵĴߡҲǱɱģ
ʵȻǿ󣬺ľˣΪλڵϣ
ľ˿Լ£ϵ飬Ҳ΢ǵһģʱڳԿãһҪȣҲͣĦˡС˧
֮ԴһƬհףȴҲǲ֪ʲôС˧ȻǸʵˣȴģѳֲסĻҡ
ľȥˣȻһкĶ㣬ϷˣԼԼڹĻôɽ֮У
ҲĵϸҪľȵ


1337 Բ𴩣
᳾䶨츮еĸҲѾʻˣּҺӮңңȻһͿ
Ҳ֪η֮սȫпּңңּҵľʵһֱ츮жһģϣҲûҪ̫ࡣ
Ҳ³ɽִƶ̩ȻѶǲҪֻ̫ͣҪÿȥ˾ˡ
ҲǻصԼİ칫ңΡһȼҶûʧԴӵ㿨ģʽ֮󣬲ûгֳ˥˵İ£ԽԽá
øպȦ˵˰Ǻüûпˣ
㿴øĶˣ˵ӰԺϵĲҪܣ֪Ȧˣ
û뵽㻹ҰҴȥ棡ٺ٣㶮ã
Ҷãȥȵ
ø߳칫ҵʱûΪɶҪ𣬲տ칫ҵţһޱŮӭŮȻɴģȴùøտЩŮ˭
ľǿûпøһֱۣӽ˰칫ҡ
ȻŮԵŮˣ

㣡
ľһģ㣬ð𣬡ΪʲôҪƭңС˧ͬһˣ
ľϣȻƬ˸ͬһˣѹڷ棬ԭҪˣԼ
ĺ֪Ϊʲô˵
ľͷ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪҵܵǰ飡
ʲôܵܣ
С˧ֵܣܶ˶ֲҺ
˵֪Ϊʲôһҵܵչ𣿡
ľҡҡͷΪϲˣ
ϲˣ
ȻֶЩʲôǿߵݣǿһͨˣ
ȵϻˣڿ˵ҪЩɱͨ˵ߣǣǿҵܵܣ飬δã
ĸ£С˧أҪ
֪ҵܵһôкӣ֮һֱڽޣ޵滨꣬һֱ벻ףΪʲôͻȻԴ󷢣ˡ뱨㣬Ϊ㣬ֻҲص츮ˣ
̾˿˵ͲӦչɣ飬ҲΣ
ˣôԾأȥˣңھȥȥһҪʸ¹ҵڣ
ʲôҵܴ֮ܵˣ㻹Ҫȥʹ𣿡
˵ĺľƿԣϾ黹ЩģֻֻͣںľС˧ǽϲϼ鸧ĻϣǷľͷ˹ϵû˿䣬ңС˧ǴУѵͲǴŮ
ľ뵽ԼĴŮ֮ϡͿûˣһգ˵һζѪôԼû
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ҵǣ
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ľҲǵһʱ˳ȥѾ޲ðǧˣҪ֪С˧ͬһ˵ĻôľǶôɳܵ飬Щ飬Ƥ񰡣ң֮Ҳ֪Ƿ˹ϵľɲԼĵһξ͸һɱ˶ħ
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һŶҵ˵мȻʧǼ˵Уںˡ
ˣֹ˾ͽĺڰӶߣߣȫˣҵĸףҲڷ֮ʱѪڻҽԺУΪӣľԸף
˵
㣬ȻͨǼ嵱ʱɳĺڰߵУλʦ֮ĸ֣ˣǿߣߣҲһɱ
㵱ɱҼ˿ֲҾ徵ɱڰӶĳԱ˳𲻹찡

ʼλ˾ͽ嵱е𣿡ʶʵ
ǣλ䵱ɽϵ֣䵱ɺ˾ͽһ򰲺ã˽ҲΪһͽɽˣȻҲ㣬Ǽ츮Ҫһֻع
㵱ɱ䵱µҶ䵱ɽһѪʦѪУ츮дԵѣɽס㣬Ѫ
һ䵱ɿߴ֮һиƣټ˾ͽ壬أһˣȻ䵱ɵĸֺ˾ͽĸ֣ô㣬Ҳֻǽ֮ˣǰԼ츮бɱ꣬лλ
ڰᵱеĺľЩ˵ĶԻ׷ɱ㣬оЩʹģתȴǿǺļһȻŶϡ
뺰ȴ˲ǰ˵һҹްնҪǽлͲұɱع𣿡


1338 飡
ְںľǰھ̫ܹľǰһĨ컣С椣ɫɲͰ

㿴̫ͶˣֱľֱҧһڣС椲ˣݻĺܣոȫûжԺľ·һȻиӡ
㻹Ǹ鳤أǶҪһľˣֻ֪Ǹҧ˵Сҿ㶪˲˵
ҵרҧɫ
ɫǲ֪˭ǰײпŶҡҡͷ
㻹˵˵Һ㣬ûУǸľһ˿˵
벻ֻ㶼˵óڣҳС˧ұˣ˭ϻץҵİ
㣡Ȼ㣡
ľȵϷŪңк壿
ľ֪򲻹㣬ȴҪָ˵
ȻϷŪľ񣬵ϷŪҵ壬֪֮ǰǸ崿СУ˵˵
װˣҪһ֮Ȼϸ𣡡
𰡣һﻳǵĺô죿˵
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ľã˵ʵҿһʵˣҵĺԲʧģ
ɱ㣡
ľŭڣ˫ֳƣ˹ȥľСɽ嶼ֱӴݻٵģƴļϣȴǲʹȻ̫ңʹðᵱе˶
Ҵߣץסľļڰű򿪵˲ʧΡ
Ȼûˣ
ôܣղоҵӦ֮
֣֮ҲûʲôǸղ̸۵ֻζԸ㣬츮еڶ࣬²˶ҪأͬˣǾòˣ

ѺľֵľЦɽ֮ϣɱʮˣ۾ûգһ£ô첻Ҷˣ
ϲСѴ𣿡Ц
СѣղЩ˵в߾֣һﵽǣľĻʹĲУһҪǿĶ֣ܹء
ҲˣǾ츮ΪѰɱģͷĽֻһ
Ѱ·ɱ˶ħһ죬ᱻҹؽεģ
ʱ㲻֣ľã˵Ժĺӽʲôֺأ
Ц
ȥҾԲỳеģҪǻˣҾɱ
ľǲ֮£Լûк㷢ϵ
ǸԵ
ʼ磬Ȱһ䣬Ȼץң͸Ͻȥɣƨܺ𣿡
ľҡ뿪ıӰҧƫƫǱ˵ˣʹ򲻹㣬ߣ䵱ɺ˾ͽĸɱ㣬ѵҾͲ̵𣿿ɫҲһˬ죡

㵹ûղŰᵱЩ˵ĺۣУЩľͺСһ֮䣬Ϳ׻
ʱӦμ˶̩ܲĹ˾顣
֮ϣٹ棬ȻʮϲãҲöּ̩֪Ƿ֮ף˸Ŀꡣ
λҲӦ֪ÿ£°һҪǰˣ
˵仰˱䶯ˣǶǸϸɲܣϵ׳Ƕ̩Ķ룬ˣǶ̩˭ҽء
Ůϧȵ
ң֣һᣬѵΣϧ˵
Ƕ֪һһŮҶӲŬϲģھȻֶ֣ӣһĳ裬ãһŮƯТ˳ӱҵǿʮܹҴûôһ˾
˵˵Ů̳ҵλã˭̳У
ˣҪͨⳡ飬ϧּҼ֮λ¼ᶨ
ϾҲϻЩģЩȻ쵳ǵжҪףּң죬ϧ˵㡣
ֻǿϧЩɫȻÿҪ֮ѾѾˡ
ܣ˵Ů̳λãҲֻǣϧᣬǶ̩츮еһţôӴһ乫˾һŮӴǺܶﶼȫڳˡ
ȵҲ÷Ҷ̩츮һҵţ̵ʲô̵Ƕ̩ǧǶ̩ڷ֮ϳֵǣЩֵǣ˭ģ
һУվںĲ̰ǰһ˵Ƕ̩ǧֻڼ
ôڿʼǻһˣ˾ҵŮϧ
ǣ̰˹
ʵϣ˵ڳ˻ᱻ̰ŷҲֻ㡣
ϧֱ֮ܳϲΪһͨĻˣȴû뵽ôһȻ֪ÿģԣҲǵͷ֣֪ôˣ
ЩԭҪ컰ĻԱ΢΢̾쾹ȻѶ̩ǧϧƹˣе˼ͺˡ
ϧ˾УһˣҪΣ˵
ܣ˵˭
ſ׷˵ǶҪõΡ
˼Ϸ˾ܾ㣡˵

¶֮⣬һȼҶ˻𱬣Ȼĺܣǲǻֻǣ˵׶ǿϧλģֳĶʵ֮ܡ
ǻϵĲŮ˶ԾصĿ⣬Ͼһ˵Ҳǳ˧ˡ
лܣЦ
ǣһû˵ʲôְλأ㵹ãǰлˣ
Ц㣬ѱ޿Ϸ˾ӯ˼ʮҵҵУҲһָ
дϰǮΪһߣҶ̩㲻ʲô˾һ˻Ը۵ģ
Ȼ죬ȴǲǮ㣡
Ǯ
ǻʲô
ѵܻҪ͸㱦ɣ
˶ڴҪ֪쾿ʲôӣҪ͸ʲô
ͬҲں棬ȻΪȴûв
㣬׼ҵıŮ㣬룬Ӧּҵ޼֮˰ɣǽǮģ˵

һƬȻ
ȻҪϧ㡣
˵ʲô
ԺּһҪĳˣ
һ𾪣ȴֻҷ
ͬһõڻϰϧҪ֪û׵ȥ֮ǰڵϿǸɫȮ֮ˣϧǰĸĸȻԮ㣬ȴϣϧߵ̫
㵱ʱҲĺܣϾĸĸϣԼŮһǽǰ;֮˽
ȻҲУȴ޿κΡ
ʵ
ڣͬϧĸףȴǵǰϧеķʹôһ˲䣬ò̫ʵ
ûϲȴǿϧϴһ˿վ


1339 Ѫ
У֣Ҳͬ⣡
û뵽ϧͻȻվ˵ôһ仰ʹԭЦʱɫƽϧ뷨ѰյԼôɣӦǻῪĲŶԣôṫȻܾأ
Ҫ֪ɲΪϧûʵŮӣĲ룬Ҳᵱô˵ǰӡ
λǸ岻Ȼȥˣ
ϧ΢ͷת뿪˻ңУûпһۡ
⣡Ҳȥ
һ־磬˶ֻҪ֪һֱܲãûκ飬λ֮ܲλϧŮȥǿĲԸϾǵҲǸһһĴƬ̩Ľɽġ
ȥСϧ
ͬܣֻһ£뵽ڡ
֪ϧѹʱȥųϵͷ
ϧһ˶ںϣźƽȥն񣬲֪ʲô
ܷϸһСľɳ̲⻭ţ⺣һƬһͼ
Сͼ
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ϧĿһ㣬û뵽һ۾ϳˣСʱҺɳ̲ϻСͼ
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ϧͷȻߵãȻһֱϧľָоʼղ
ϧȻǰܹ绨ѩµµȴôãҲô׾ܶҡģ޷ҡ
Ҳû뵽ϧôʱգ޷ȴ㵹ǲЩЦԼǰȴϧ˺񰮣ǲǾ˵νĶٺΪƣٹƲϧ
㣬Ư㻭ĻҲúÿŶ
һСı˵ûϧ߶ã֣߿ˡ
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ϧһۣ˵˵˵ˣ
һЦָ΢΢һɳ̲ϻţСͼӦⱩɹ£ȻҪ̫ˣ
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˭Сʱû
վתûϧ˿еһĨɣ
գ
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㲻ͬ
Ϊǻ춯֣ͰͲס𣿡֪Щ˭
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ô£
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ݣ
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ϧһǰҰˣ
ǿǶûжԼεˣ
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˵СϧȥҽԺְ֣ｻˣ
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㣬㾿ǺεȾ磿ʵ
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ֻǿϧ˶Ω˾ͽˣǶ
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ѪԴӸ֮ҲǱ쳣ո㶼׼Զˣȴû뵽ѪȻҪɱˣƺѪ
Ѫ
䵱ɵ۹ܼ⣬˵Ѫ䵱ɵѪϹľʦҲǻԵɺ֮£Ѫʦȴǰ㲻֪Ѫеİأ꣬ѪһֱľΪ
ԭǴʦֵѪǿջصģȴû뵽Ѫ֮쳣񱩣Ŷ޷ӡѪ
㾿кεȻܹѱѪΪʣ

ǵǲʵѹûȥѱѪѪԴӸԵñůɱȫ֣
յĶؾһѪΪľΪˣҲĸ
Ҫɱ𣿡
ƽ̲һλŮƮȻɫɴڲסľգ͸ǰУѪնɱǼ˾ͽǿˡ
ľãôߣһˤǵĺӣͿܲˣ
㣡
ľһӣһ㡣
㵹ûκ㣬ϣʣȴûһˡ
䵱ɵĸҲȻŮӿһ֮ȴȻ㣬㵱޵˲ɣ
СȻñ۳֣ǣȵ
С
䵱ɵĸָǺˣ㾹ȻһΪС
ҲеСĻ֮༸˾ͽˣֱӱѪɱ
ѪѪҺ֮󣬱Ǳ˻ȥ
ߣƬ֮ͱѪնɱɾľЩԾ
˲ɱң˵
ңȻɱһ䵱ɽϱǷŲɱ㣡
ֻҪûϵǱѪ˶ش
˵ѪԣҲҵĶ
˶ϲ㻹Ǵ󷽰Ϲ黹
ʼ磬ǱѪٴγָڰУСȥ
϶ϲɫ׼Ѫȥ
ʲô
ڴ˿̣ѪȴȻ˳ȥһ֣Ҫɱˣ

ȻһѪʹһ˺崦ͣ
һѪʧ
ŵûڲոѪǳȥʱ򣬻һѹȸС
ѪʧǷŴƬ̣ԼǰͬһСȸǿ֮վǰͥŲ֮䣬ɱǧ֮⡣


1340 漣
ľȻһԿ˵Ȼûɱˣ
䵱ɵŵðЦЦϱϹ˵ǰ񾭲֢״
˷˿ľȵ㣬ʲôʱϱˣ
лǣ˵
Ĳɱģֻ·˾ͽˣһ䵱ɶв磬Żһǰ㣡
ҪѪΪ£
˵䵱ɽϵߴɽҪ䵱ɽϽˣͬӦԣ䵱ɽϱҪѪɽ
ǣ񣬿òȥˣ϶ʧ

㵹ǲЩʲôǺľȴĺܣߴɽˣôû˵ǵҪͬԸ˭
ֻߴ֮˲Ӧϻ˰ɣ
ţҽкľ
Ȼ֮ʿô˵˵Ҳ޷ҪԸǻĴ֮һа壡
ľͷĴ嶼֣а壬Ĵ嵱Ϊڰһ壬嵱еĳԱɱԣȡڵľԪа壬ҲĹĸ
а壬Ҳǵ֮Ļĵһڰ
ľ䵱ҲѾ뺯ϻᣬţ䵱ۣ֮֮ʿַа壬Ǵߵ統ȥģ
ľҲãҪǰְҲȥ䵱ɽͺˣʱҲȥմ֣
㵹ǶЩ߰ûʲôøУҡҡͷɰɣһµˣ
㣬ոû𣿡ľ׷ȥ
ʲô
֪ʣߴַа壬統еһ£㲻ҪΪĸɾʲôô
룬һӦøʲôأǣĴ֮㣬һܸʲôأ氮𣿡
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Ϊص˥ߣ໻޷Ȳһ
ԲѾˣǻʱ㲡˰ɣ

ܣ֣Բµģ
ϧ͵ҡͷҲţ
ĸҲƿŽȥϲ˸ֹӣҲ۾档
裬ոҽ˵˼ǰְҪô
ֻûзӦ
÷һ˦˹ȥ죬ְֻûµģ
ĭô꣬÷ȻҲѹһ̣ҲѰѺĸϧĶԹ֮⣡
ϧ˵ӥ壬㲻㲻һֱҸ׻ָ㰡ҸףģôĶԲԣ
ϧɫѽ԰ףҧݣƴšӥϣӥܴϣ
С㣬ĺһҲѹϣҵȥүһ
ӥѹߣĲܵģֻүಡܵʹһЩȴǲ
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ʵϣһμѾϵֻû뵽ô졣
üͷÿѾ˥ߵһ㣬Ҫʼ

Сӣ㲻ҪЦˣɼɣƾҽԺеģȻǻ죬ǿԵģҽ˵
ӥȴǳǼҽ˵Ȼذ칫ҰɣﲻҪˣ
ҪЩҽˣǻ˭ΪмǮ˲𣿡
ͬĻҲ˵ڶ飡
ӥˣΪ֪϶а취
ϧ˵㣬ܾҰְ֣
ûгߵˣѾ˳ԶԳɫâ˫ָڰգ˶ǿһɫϢӰڣ
Ⲣʲôľ
ӥҲǾϲָ΢ҲӾˣа취ѼȻ
ϧҲһ֮ɫĸ౧ţ裬ְµģһµģ
㣬ѵɲɣ
һ㲻ˬֻ
ֻҪү˾ͺˣ÷˵
Сʱ㷽֣ͣ˿԰׵ѾʵָҲָ
ˣ
ӥ
ϧͷˮε죬϶ķ˲æ㣬ôˣǲǺࣿ
ҡҡͷ쿴ɣ
˿̣ŵ۾΢΢Ǽһֱűû뿪ҽͶϴ󣬡ţǲһ漣


1341 ݳ
۾ƺǰһУϧҵŮҾ֪첻ô׵ģ
֣ү۵ģôãԲ뿪ģϧ˵
ô£ڸоҵǳһ㸺ûˣʵ
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΢΢ҡͷ˥ߵ̫Ϊûȫָ׭ܷӵ˿̶ЩƣҲˣҪŤתҪȫʢʱڣ̫⣬˿ʵδȫָޡ
ڵϵһθоЩƣ֪жѡ
أ
ľ˵һķţ
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⻰ô˵
Χ˶ˣɫô󣬶Ҿ״̬ãһ˵ûио㸺֮˸
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ҽѧʷҽտһΰɣ
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ҲоЩͷۣ˵ӦҪ˵ģӲġݽߵֲ̫ˣҪһֱӥæĻˡôãѾޡ㣬˵ĻǿԾΡ
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ˣ
˾ͽҲ˶ⶣ츮бɱ⼸죬ȴ˵ɱ˺üˣ
ǹ˵ֻ˾ͽݳһ죬ɱˣҲûǣ
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ľȵ浱ԶҪûмǴ˾ͽһܣ˾ͽǸҷϣ˾ͽţݳеĿ֮ţӣҲǸֺ֮ͽ
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㵹Ƕ˾ͽĺܣǹҷȰ㼸䣬ݳڣ˾ͽĺãĻĪʧҲǳе飡ǹ˵
ǣ˾ͽӣҲҶԸңľЦ
ǺˣȻֱǼ֣
Զһ⼸Ҳߣʵһ㣬ȴƢСӦö˾ͽ˲١


1342 ݳǰԣ
⼸ϸϸͺľУԾǸͨˣľȻߣǵʵȴǿľΪߵ
ȻǿźľҲҲûаѺľ
·ݳǣѲɻҪ˾ͽҽ·Ѳɣľ˵
ǼǹܶҡҡԴӴˣУ˾ͽˣݳڵţ
⻰˵õ٣⼸죬ݳǲ̫ƽػϲпƷҪһ˺ȵ
ȻΪľʲôƷֻľȻɴĻ𱬵ÿ˶Ϊ֮裬ܹȫγһˬ죿
컯֮¾Ҫ
ΧȺȻ˵ĻҲҶϽˣƺ飬ݳڷȷһ
㵹ǲ֪ᣬһôĳУȻ˾ͽڣǿɱ
бµľѰľЦ
Ǿˡˣ
˿ڿˮ˫ƣȻ˷ܡ
ҲЦСӣ
Ҫӽľʱ򣬺ľȴֳȭһȭ˵ؿڣһ˵µ

ʹ
ֻо类߱һ㣬壬ڵϴ֪һжôˡ
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ľϾһ֮ԸǣǴ´ࡣ
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һ˵˾ͽҵľʦ˾ͽˣ˾ͽŽĵλҲ˳ܲɷ֡
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˾ͽ˿ˣɢһɱľĸƺмԨԴô
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˼Ҫľһۣ
˾ͽͷҶɳĸȥ츮һȥأҲ֪ʲô״Ϊ֮ƣҲֻϻ˰ˣľеĵλϻߣ˵ܶ鶼ҪðĶ࣡
˾ͽ˵ͷӢ
ʦﵽˣģ
Ҳ֪ϵĴ̼̫˰ɣ
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ɱ˫ȻأһɫĻ֡
涼ҪȼǼڵϵеӶŵøϽ㿪ˡ

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ϧǺľҲûп˾ͽеĳƱֱ˵˾䣬ҪܹҾ˯
ľȻߵ㣬˾ͽУһԼһģô⡣
Ȼߣ˾ͽϾҲĿѬȾ˲ٸֵҲмè
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˾ͽ׶仰Ͼͻȥȱˡ
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ŵŵţ
صĽŲӾƵ⴫
ľãǳ鷳ҪҰˣ
˵ҲգҾ;һɷӦеΰɣ


1343 蹷
Ƶ˾ͽֵܣ˾ͽǸ͵ļУ·ϣ׸ɣ˫ô涼ȵһһһƵ꣬Է˶Щη񣬻ŻŵСۣ˾ͽ϶ǰҷϵܵģ
ɲǣҸոնȰǸ˸ϽˣôƯϱ˾ͽ޿ˣܣҪ֪˾ͽǸӰ
˭֪أ˸ղһŶô꣬һǸʿأ
ʿ֣ΪС˵ͷôʿֳأ

˾ͽָָ˾ͽŭڵ˹ȥȵڣ
Ҿǣүкιɰ
ȫҶˣ峡˾ͽȵ
ˣȻҲæĸϽˣߣ˾ͽ󷽣ǰ׳һ١
ͷԱȫ㵽˾ƵȥǶԤĳᷢʲô
ͺľûκλŵ˼Ǿλϣ̩ɽ
СӣҶ磬˾ͽ˾ͽݳңӦҪ뵽³˾ͽ׺ȵڻоոձߵöʹ
˾ͽǳǹ˵ķ蹷ľЦ
蹷磬蹷˵ǿɣ˾ͽ˵
ˣŮˣ綾Ы˾ͽɲֲŮ˵ļһұҪͣ
˾ͽ˫ط£¡һ죬涼ҳһ

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ıƣҪ㣬ܱ᣿

ͺľųһֱߣߵƫƧȴڵϰ
ΧȻв񣬼˷龰ȴȻɢǶҡҡͷ֪ȴ޿κΡ
ôˣľʵ
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˼һҾſڣ׬ǮȻ࣬ȴڣҲҹ̯æǰϣһȫʧϵѪҺҲȫϴɾãŸմػ
źͺӶˣɱһҵˣ˭ﶼ˾ͽ壬ȻߣҲ֪˾ͽĶ֣ڵϰܸʲô
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˵ˣ˵Ҳǻģ
ϰ˿νҪɱңұ¾Ȫ޶ˣ
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ų˾ͽݳΪΪһ죬˾ͽɱҲǵһˣʲô취ֻĽ޶ɱʵˣ
˵ֻǿɱңȥ޶
ˣںë̩ɽűɱĥõȥ˾ͽ˱ɱһһܱſãȵ


1344 ŵ
㶵Ŀ㣬ȻǸ֮ȴվ޷ȼϾչ֪˾ͽкεǿġ
ʵԶôпᣬѻʯûС
ľͷҲصľҪ߿˵˾ͽţ˾ͽΪһߣɱͨˣһҾſڣѵԹۣ
Ů˵ɷ򶼲뱨ҾҪæҲҲɣοÿ緢Ӷ಻ʤ٣ѵҶҪһһȥǽ⣿ҿɲǾֻһˣ˵
·ƽҪεΪ˴ԭ򣡡
ľ˵꣬㿴˼Ӱӡ
⼸Ǹոһֱ˾ͽˣǲҸ̫Ҳû˶Իݡ
ͣ£˹ȥ
ľС㣬ɫôˣڸ·ҲЩΣգǻ˾ͽң˾ͽȻλģ
úľתż˻ȥһͣΪ⹦ͣ⼸ȻҪƶᡣ
˳ĵķϣǺðɣ
ľˡ
˵µľҸʲôһҪɽ
ǿһģͲ˾ͽգ
£ߣһգ˵
ľһۣҲû˵˾Ǽ˵ָµ˾ͽҵĴС
λԵȣҽȥͨһ
֮У˾ͽ׺˾ͽ˶˾ͽ֪֪ʲôϻᣬַӾͿ԰ؽΣ÷
ף˭֪Сǰﰡ˾ͽ˵
ұ죬ҺڵľǣϷˣô£֪֪ǰЩǸǼ飬һ˶پȥģҷѾĻȥֺϻˣȴǸҵң
ףǶҿˬ˾ͽﲻм˵
磬ҿͦˬǵĻһţҾǺľﻹͦģ
֪Ͳˣ

˾ͽʦҲ֪ǷŭǺľǺľȥ¶ɳϻ˸ϸݳǣǾ˱ǿ˲ã
˾ͽ߶Ҳ˼顣
ľСڱˣ
ģ
˾ͽҲϲľ˾ͽǺã
ʦк뷨
׷
˾ͽ˵һףǿľС㵽ΣûбŭôǾͺдǣڶף
׷ΣҪ֪׵ĻߣǾһݣɱˣ
ˣû˿˾ͽңֻҪһҲû֪µ֣
ʦ֮ǰ˾ͽ˵
죡
˾ͽһ˹ȥ
޷ҪҲǲԵģǺǣ˾ͽЦ
˾ͽȴ˵ľȻ˾ͽңмְգĻҲ᷸հ
Ϳ벻ӣ˾ͽ˵
ͺľ뵽˴˾ͽ˵˾ͽļ˾ͽľС㣬ҵǺ㸸мԨԴ֪ľСǣ
Ȼ˾ͽ嵱ܴ󣬵˵ףû˻Ȥȥ鿴Ƭʵģġ
С˧
ľ˵þĳԱ
þ⼸Ҳͨ𣿡
˾ͽԸоû
ף㲻ҪСɱˣĺܣı
ˣѹˣ
˾ͽͷû⣬Ͼǧ磬ܹıǺһ顣
λ˸ľˮҲ
˾ͽ˵飬ҴҵĶλǸʵڲ֪ľСĴݹ٣ˣðģ
ߣ˼ǻŮϷ𣿡
ľСˣԲģԺǸĹԵģ˾ͽҡҡͷ
˾ͽҪ𣬵ǿ˾ͽ񣬻ǿ
Ҳգ鶼ȥˣҲûԿʹ˰ɣľ˵
ľСȻ
˾ͽ˵֪ľС֪Ҷһ֮¶
Ǻڱ𣿡ľ֪
һи磬츮бɱˣϻᣬܹܣ˾ͽȵ

˾ͽȵľСϱע
Ȼ󹫱ģ˾ͽҲ˵
ϻɲǰ˱ģǺˣ
ֻ֪츮ּҵˣҽɳһǰȥ츮УҲѶȫޣ
ˣҵǿ԰飬츮нļᣬȴǱּҶãҲ֪ǲΪԵʣ
ߣľС㣬ʵ˾ͽ壬Ѿڲ߻ּҵļƻˣֻҪʱˣ˾ͽ˵
ּң
üͷһ壬Ҳڵּ츮лмģҪǣ²װɣ
С˧֪˾ͽһ֧޿ĺڰӶţֻҪҰѱȫ츮УּҸ޷ֵ
˾ͽ˵ֻּҲ˶ͨˣҺ»ŭϻᣬʱͲˣ
ɱͨˣҲ֪ʲôľʵ
Ȼ֪ûԵɵɱͨˣڶ߱ؽΣ÷˵ϻᵱеΣ˶Ҫܣ
ľͷһָ㻹ɱһҾſڣȻ¶ȥֻ֣Ϊ֪ô
ľҲʵûסԭֻ˾ͽҴ̽ҪֱӺ˾ͽ嶯ˮգ˵˵ˣҲ޷ջȥˡ
˾ͽ˾ͽ˶һۣ˶Ȼľʲô˼ЦʵľС˼ǣ
˳˽һѲ˵ڣڴ˿̣˴
ľȵ
ǽֵڵϿ֮ˣһĥķĲ˵ԭǻصУԽԽͷ¶˾ģжںë̩ɽ˵Ĳɱһһһ׬
Ȼû뵽Խ˾ͽҵĸأʶ˾ͽ˵ģȻҲǿͺľ
Ǻˣ˾ͽȵ
ǺˣҪ˾ͽһҾſȫɱˣ޶ڻھȪ֮ԩҪ𣡡
еĵ
һжڴ˿ȻѾ֮⣬ǲġ

˾ͽһҪ֡
ľһƻ˹ȥҪɱ𣿡
Ƕûϵ
ɱľʦ˾ͽ˵
ߣ·㲻ߣ㴳ݹ˾ͽԲ㸸ˣ
лûȻһƣɫˣɲǱ˹˾ͽɱ˾ͽĶ࣬Ҳһεģ沢Ǻľֵܵġ
ôﹻ
ЦţҲûζ֮ȴȼȴȻһȥ
˾ͽ
˾ͽγ˫ȻǱҪӴ֮

˾ͽȵлû˪Ҫ֮𣬱˵Ӵ֮𣬾˾ͽʩչ֮˾ͽҲҪոġ
˾ͽŵɫ԰ף磬Ҫס
潫˾ͽѴͷȫյĸɸɾ˾ͽȫ֮ˣ˿̣ڵϣһϢβҪȳѪ
㿴ŵѾճ̿ڵ˾ͽ˵ļ򣬡Ѳ˵˵Ͽһ͹ˣ׬ˣŵһҾſҲĿˣ


1345 䵱ɽţ
Ų˵ðŭ⣬Ʋ˾ͽߣȴЩ
ƽʱһ򹤣ûչˣ˵ȻҲûҪ˵һˣ˵죬ʹޱҪɱ˾ͽ
ң˾ͽȵҪ֣ȴǷȻá
Ҫ֪˾ͽߵʵŵݳڣҲһ֣ȴ벻ˡ
˵˾ͽˣⷿ䵱У˾ͽҵ˴˿̶ˡ
ľ㶣ɵģͷ
Ų˵Ѿ߸߾ظ˵Ļһ׬ˣŵŶĿˣ
ۣ
һѪ˳
˿˾ͽĴȣԭ˾ͽյĲ˿̸Ѿʹú֪ˡ
˾ͽȵ
磡

˿һ֮˷ܸʮ㣬в˵ٴλ£һ
ľôȥĻҶǿǶҪɱͨ˷ͨɱߣͲ𣿡˾ͽǿʶ
˼ûأľ˵

ĵ
һһĹţ˴δйĴ̼ϽѪ˾ͽģƺûһȪ֮µ꣬һֻ

ڰ˵
غ㱨ˣ
ھŵ
ţչ˺Ƕ
˿֮󣬲˵˵ϣľ˾Ȼ˳
˾ͽ˿ڣȻ˾ŵĴûһҪλ˿̵˾ͽҲֻʹĻ˹ȥ

˾ͽᶼˣҶѾģ㻹ңٵòҽΣ¾ҪѪ
鷳̧֣ǶܵĥѾܹǰ췸ĹˣȥĻģ˾ͽ˵
ɱɱɱĻദһ˵
пǽϵ˿޳ˣûмǰѲ˵˵˾ͽ飬ұݳڣΪ˵ĻߣĺǣҲҪ˾ͽͷأ
˵ͺͺľ뿪ˣҲһһ߳⡣
ľС㣬лǰұ𣡡
˵ݳڿǴȥˣش治֪ȥδ
ʲô֣
ľ˵һҾſȫˣҲ治֪ȥδ

˵ңҪ㣬ҿ»һųѧ£
ܹĿͷ
һûأͷ
˵Ѳ˵òȣҲ㣡
⻰ҲȻʧɫ
㣬һ޿ʹ˾ͽҪ鷳ݳǻǴȥشȥ
ľ˵һͬɽɣ
µģ
˵ôϲͽĻøϻˣ
ľ˵磬㲻ݳǣʱ˽ϻ᣿һܹͷأܱȸĳõö࣡
㵹ǲľǰȥ
ľС㣬лҶԺʧ
뿪˾ͽ֮˾ͽϵķӡ˾ͽȼ˾ͽﻺʹ˰ȥҽԺǱסˡ
Ǳסˣϵû£Ǻò˵ģ˻˾ŵǻǿ˾ͽ˵
ʦֻһ飡
˾ͽ˵ľߵ˵˭ܹӡסҵʵ²֮ģ
˵ĲҲȻͻ߾ִ֮ˣ
ϻеˣǿֲ
˾ͽҡҡͷʵ̫ˣ֪úڰӶǰǹӶţҲм˵ִǳ֣סˣ
ǺľƺûҪץȥ˼ͷߵˣ
˾ͽ˵
ţˣʦϴ˵Ѿȥ츮вأû𣿡
ʱ㣬Ҳͻ
˵꣬˳֡
˾ͽɳȥ̽
ʦѾˣǣѪǣӶŵĳԱȫˣ
ˣʲô״˾ͽȵ
շ֮ϣһʮΧ㣬ȫ
ԭҪץϻḱ鳤ľ󶼷ץ
㣬˲ɣ
˾ͽȵںδ
飬ͺľѾȥһ򣬱䵱ɽ
ʲô䵱ɽȵȣ˭һ𣿡
˾ͽ˷Ӧã˿¾㣡
㣬С˧ԭǼ
˾ͽȵҰѺڰӶټɱҺջ裬Ҳˣǲ䵱ɽϣҾͲ˾ͽ

ݳǣܾ䵱ɽţ䵱ɽҲһ羰ˣɽɽɽ֮ϣɺ׵Ĵڡ
ɫڣ䵱ɽҹǲ⿪ŵģֻܰɽ
ɽ֮ϣֻһƵꡣ
Ƶ굱Уۼڶߡ
Щߣɽȥġ
ߴɾۼ䵱ɽĿľΪ˲а壬նɱаۼʱ磬徻һ飡
аһֱΣİˣǻɧͨ˵ǲǲά򣡡
˵аľ뻯һħ磬ҲǲöԸɣ
ߴɵУ䵱һѾѪ˵ħһϸߵͣԸ䵱ܹƿǰѪɣ

ľҲ˵벻䵱аɣ
ΣҲܵģҡҡͷ
ߵǰ̨Ա˵С㣬˼ڶֻ࣬ʣһ׼ͷ
ֻһ䷿ľ졣
ǵģС㣬ҪҪ
һ䷿ôסһǱ׼䣡
ҲԣҪֺϴʩҾͻˣ
ǲ𣿷Ա鷳Ԥ£һ˵
˭˵ģ
ľͬ˵ԱǼ䷿Ҫˣ
Բۣ
ϱ¥СĶı
ⶼЩʲô˰ˣװƨԱҡҡͷ
Ƶķ䵹Ҳ׼ĻɳԣʣԡףӦоС
ڷ˹ľˣΣ׼ӵͰȴ˵ӵʲô
ûõĶӵʲô
˹ŰȫУҪǷҵĴͷϣĻ˭֪ҹ᲻ҹɫħ
Դ˵ҿһˣ
㣡
ʲô㰡ѾʶΪˣѾСܵ˾ҵĴˣҿɲڶξǰʹ࣡
ң
ľ˵ңҽ˯ɳɲ


1346 ɣ
˯ɳ
ľһɶί˵Ļ
㵹ǲΪȻſ˫ۣԴ״ſڴϣûһһ̻Ҹױ˹ӹ̻Ҹף˵ıɱ׷򰡣ǰһŮģ̻ҸϹ׷Ī
ģҪˣҷűڻ
ģ仰Ȼûҡҡͷ
ľɳ£΢˫ûЪϢƬ̣淿ж
֨ѽ֨ѽ
ûľ˵
ͷ
ǲ
ţܾҵ
нѵڼս
»֣һһŮڴϼս
ͷʵûʲôڴڣû뵽ľͦģΪʲô֮ս
㣬ҪҪȥæŮӺ򲻹ˣ
ŮһǲܵģԵֻţûи˵
Ƭ̣ľȻ˵˵û˿֧Ųסˣǽü
ҡҡͷ˵ľãСǲֻһ飬Ǿ
ľǵͷҳϻᣬұѡ񣡡
ѡ
ԼҲǴӳԼҲǱѡ
ˣʱ˿Ц
ݣݣݣ
һ궯⵹ǸڵĴ¥ǱС
ˣľʵ
Ƶڼ˵
ˣƵڽһս
ɵļСӣҲ䵱ɽԸа壿ǽûаǷУһȺ
ս˫ˣһɵµӣһаˣǳһ㣬ǿֲ
ЩаսʿʵСǱа֮һǴ˴ο϶ƻǵɽ֮£
˫ûйֱӿսһ˹롣
ɱˣ꾫Ԫǹն˵һȺУˮƽҲҶԸа壬
ֻһ棬ɣ˭䵱˭Щ˵³
һȣʧǰҲʧˡ
Ƶе˴˿Ҳ˳ǿǰ˲صˣҲǲʤ꣬һѾˣаڴ˵ĻߴɻҪȫ𣿡
һЩ֮˶Щˡ
Ҳؾţ˭֪ߴ֮У䵱ɽĸڶ࣬ǹҲģֻҪɽͲΪˣһ˺ȵ
ͺľҲ˳ʵߴɶЩ
ɣӥɣüɣɣ£ѪɽׯԼߴ֮׵䵱ɣľ˵
أ
ɻ󣬡ֲһ֮𣿡
ҶǰҲϲӹС˵ôΧƵģҶǲǺа̸Ϊ̡ҶȻһЦ˼޼ѡ˭
ΪС˵أµУȷвĺУ
ͷǻǲҪһ·ˣЩɵɽȻܵаٰӣʱӰѰ֮ġͲˣ
Ϊʲôа֮ˣǷ֮£㣬ʧ
ҿɲЩ֮ķ̫ɣ
Ǻε干ĵۻʣϻĹ֮һ˼ûС
˵ףɽΪѰǡ֮ġġ
ƶµ˿գλҲɽȥģһʵ
ľͷ
λɵеһɣľҡҡͷ
䵱ĵӣ
ľ˵˿ʦɣȴҲҪɽնɱаӣ
ľˣղŹնɱʮˣʮ˵ľԪȫոɾЩаӵܣаɽ֮·ض֣ҿλذɣ˿˵
˿ʦȻԱģľ˵
ҿûУ˵
ұ죡ľȵ
˿ձҪȰ˻ȥǹɱģһľȫûɽ˼ҡҡͷա
ȺУ˽˵λҲˣµӲɱ䵱ɽţʽɽǻ˵ã
֪кθ߼
ҵûʲô߼ֻû滮ɽ϶аĲҪ֪аɽͷ䵱ɽϣǶԵָƣնɱ
˵ԣɽһҪ滮
ţ˵ĵм
ԭ䵱ɽŵĻҲûʲô˵ģһж䵱ŷʩУ䵱ɵ˶ɽ֮ϣҪɽҲҪٹ죬ҵϣɵУѡһͳɽ

ɵһЩ۾
⽪Ļǲ٣䵱ߴʵΪǿģڵĻ֮λҪѡ
䵱ɲڣɣȻһ£ʵϣ˭Ҳϳ˭
ѡһ£ɵŶرء
ţҪѡʱɲˣ
֮λ߾ֻ֮ҪѡԺɱһˣ䵱ɽҲˣ֮
⻰һ˵ﶼڴֹ
⻰ʹ֮λҪĶ࣬Ҫ֪ͳɣȫͿԺ䵱ɿˣʱ򣬾䵱ɽҲܺ䵱ɵƽƽˡ
һ߾֮ɻû˵ѡ֮
ܼ򵥣ѣ˭ȭͷ˭
ȵ֪λΣ
Ŷͷû
ʽţɣɷս֮λľʱ廰
ɣ
󷽵ֻҪ֮𣬱ͬˣֻҪʵͳɣ
֪Ҫս
ľ뿪ڣ㱻˹ȥ˼ϱʧķ裬ոպǿЦأ
ľһۣʲô˼
ҵ͵㣡ҿɲ鷳˵
䵱ɽ֮»оξ֮λɽ֮ȴż춯ɽľݵУһѪЩǸղЩµӵѪ
Ѫ֮ˣҲǹն
նķţҪÿѪǲѪĻʵ֮
ȻЩΪǿ֮˵ѪҺĻʵΪٽһ
գ
ľмսʿ˽ȥն˵ɽΣ
Ԥ൱Ѿȫ
һҷ
ɵеŽ뷨Ŷͬˣ
նͷ˼⽪һȴû뵽ȻʹڶУ
Ͼ˭Ҫõ֮λǼ˶ͷ
ҲգڶҲãҺն͸һǹǸѡ־һͻϮնЦ
ˣһ£
˵
ɽ֮£һһŮ
һһŮ
˻ʶŮģаȴǲǴǺŮӣϻвþĸ鳤ľĸףϻᵱ˲õ
նͷأ
ûаǸļһ
ģǺľǾŮӣȻҸͨ˵С
նϴЩˣ˵һü¶εĻҪҲҪǿ׳


1347 ֮
˴䵱ɽѱϽͨɽ䵱ɽɽ·᫣ڶ࣬ɽ֮ϸڶۣЩ۵УȻסŵĶ䵱ɵµӣ˵У䵱ɵи𻯵ɵߣȻҲֻǴ˵ˡ
賿㣬䵱ɽɽţƵڣʣ·Ա;Ƶ⣬ȴǵƹͨ
סƵļɵߣȻͺľ⡣
Žļƻõ˵֧֣Ҳʤʤأ
һһ
δ˼Ҫ˱ȻĻ´켸ҹꡣ
˵и÷ӣʵʵ󣬵˾ʤ
飡˶ͷ
˵ʵҲǸɵӣϾ˭ǴˣȻҲɲ
˵ıȴвͬµˣܴɶˡ
ÿɳɣһɳʮˣʮ˽һս㵽Ϊֹв˺˵˳µˣʤߣ
˵һһҲˣ
˵ıƴ۸ɵʵȷʵҲʧΪһߣб׶ˣΪ֮ƣҲְֻ취ΪʵãԼپˣ
û飡
üҲû飡

ɶû顣
ã
ƾճһɵĳһӣƬ̣ϱðһֱΧһȦȼ
ܻ棬ûκȼϾڵ֮һֱȼţɼжôǿ
Ұ˵ų潣һС𺣡ҲĿұ£ҪķѵܴҽҲǼʶˣľ˵
㵹ǲΪȻ
Ȧܴ˲ʮµĵӣƾһȦӵҲһ𺣣Ȧӣֳ顣
˵𺣣ʩչУҪֿգᱻȼڵ
仰˵дʱԽãĵԽ죡
Ƕɵһٮٮߣиǲʦ߾˲ţ𺣵УǿסˣһҪţĻĿܻڻ֮ڣ
ʮɵӶЩηˡ
Ѿʼܵڵϵʧ𺣵Уսپ
ʼһ¡
ʮ˶໥ɱš
ƴĺ棬ɵӣ
Ϊǲòƴ
㣬˵ĸɻʤ
ҶﶷûȤ
˵
ʲôﶷҪѡɽҲȫ٣㶮ʲô
ʮ˶һľӢǴ˿̹ͻϮʮ˺ܾܿͻᱻԷȺɱˣɽˣ
˵⽪ƴȺ˵ʵϣҲʮڶĸҶˣһûƺãҪˣ
⻰˵꣬ľڰŰɵĽ׶Σ㴫һجģһüɵŮӱ˴ؿڣǻ𺣵Уˡ
µͺ¿Ȼɱҽãüɽϵöˡ
üҲһΪ֮λͺ벻Ȼɱˣµҵһ
⣬֮ս⣬ֺβģ
˿ʦ˵꣬𺣵һˡ
Ҳ⣿
üͷԽԽأŪȥʮ˵Ҫڶɵм
ûоɵģȻԹš
һˣ
ʮˣһˡ
ˣһĸ֣
նɱаĳ·ϣûʲôǵŵ棬ԼС
˿˵֪ˡ
ţ㻹Ͻ𺣸ˣȥʮܻ߳мˣľ˵
ûдľǾĲ߻ˣ𺣸ϨˣԼԼ
ǵʱкſԣ
ţסˣȨ˳𣿲Ҫţ

ɵ氲Ȼԭɽϣٲ˱ƨ棬ǵǿԿס
Ҳǽ̵Ҫԭ
ȻסҲԲȨϾ˭Ȩˣضߣ룬ô˿ţ˭ȨˣһĿȻ
սһ̣Ҳ
ľлû˪Ȼһϣ˪ȴֱӱڻˡ
ʲôȵ
ⲻƽľ˵
˶ľ˵ǿɵˣͲ𺣣ǵҲõģ˵ʲôǶģɵĵӣһ˵ˣȥɻ˴ӻлų⣡
ǵû뵽ⳡֱΪµƵģǲͱڹУ
üɵҲһ˪ŵһȫˡ
ɫѿһۺľŮˣ˭Ҫֻɣаڼɣ
һתìܣɵŶľ
ͬʱ浱еļҲȫֹס
㵹ҡҡͷС椻Ǹ¶
ǰҰֽ㲻Ӣ¼ﻹһֱ㣬벻һСˣɣȴϻģ
ϻ᣿
ǲþĸ鳤ľҵĸǡľû˵ꡣ
ԶǴŲ
գ
һȺ˱ֳһ˾ͽˣһŰѸողźͺľֿõĶߵ˺ľǰûɽã
ߣѾˣ㣬츮նɱӵǸ㣬ǺڰӶŵеļҲ⵽ɱ
˾ͽ˼˵ȻΰѺڰӶŵһӶ˳㣬Ҳ㲻ֵֶɱ
ȺͻȻɱ˽ɵſΪ֡
˾ͽ˽͵ţˣֻ˾ͽ˽˶Թ£
Ц޷֪ʲôöԭɱ˾ͽĶӣǵ찡
ıףݶһţľȵǲˣôݣ
ǶϿ˾ŵ⻹أ
Ҳã֪Ͱɽˣľε
ʹ˵ֻ͵ҡͷ
ǰ߹ʲô˭ҶһëĺǣҲҪɱɾ
ЦǸԭˣ˵óõһʮˣǵڿʼѾԼˣ


1348 ˷
Բѣ
˾ͽ˷ųЦ㣬֪ʮ˵Умĸ֣һ֮ϣ߱߱ӡʩչӡ󷨣㻹Ĺ𣿡
Ǵһԣ̫֮µ˭ʬ壡Ц
ţ
ɵĴ󲿷˶ʵҪ֪˾ͽĺڰӶſԶ֧Ӷĸ֣ʵ㲻ܾˣȻڳԡ
һЦҲ֪Ǻ£ʵߣȴҪ˰֧Ӷţʩչ𶼵ֵס
ߣǷӡסãҪӡҺͼʱʹζ˾ͽ˺ȵ
֮ϣܹʩչӡֻǶԷľ磬ҪԶԶԼ
ĹӶŵͷ˫ֽӡȻ㡣
Сģľȵ
һĵ
ҪӡԷͱ䵤
ɹˣӶ˵
㰡㣬ζܰɣֻǿϧľϻģǲܶҪվԼˣǿҪһһģٺ٣˾ͽЦ
ɵŶҡͷ˾ͽ
˾ͽ˻ȥв֪ʱһذס
ذںҹâ˾ͽͷһǶϹ˾ŵ
ôҲҪذףϹоŵ
ס֣
ľʩչȴǱһָӡס
ӴС椶һǺðɣǰݺݵĹŵеʹ࣬ҲֻС椲Ż֪ɣ
Ҫоŵ㲻Ц
ôңողŵĺô
ǣ㣬Ҹոջû뵽ôɱܾа֪꣬ˣϲȹм
˾ͽɫһ䣬ذ׻ȥȴǲ֪ΪΣȻ䲻ܿƣذֱӻԼ
ۣ
һѪ˾ͽ˵Ͻ˳
˶ˡ
ô£
ûܹ͵ˡ
ȫĿ࣬˾ͽĸҲɵۡ
ۣ
˾ͽǴԼһ
˭·ڰæѾڹˡ
˾ͽҲʹİλˣ˾ͽ˺Թ޳ҿûе㣡
⻰˵꣬ӵֹԼһ
Ѫ죬˾ͽȻһѪˡ
˸һҪоŵҿǼǵ
ľüĿ֪벻ôױ˷ӡסװҶƭˣ
Ҫװ㣬֪ԭôɷ򰡣Ц
Ȼû£
˶Ӧ
ĸָ㶵ʲôӡ𣿡
ɱӶһ˺ȵ
ʮһڰӶϮ
һѪУѪһǹ⻪ɣЩɵĸȫϳѵ
Ѫ񵶣û뵽ȻУѹпʱ
ӵѵ棬˿Դ߶Ǳڵǲ
ֻҪѪӵлصѪʣҪټˣ
һȺ˶۷׷ס
ȥɣЩ˵Ѫ㹻ιˣȵ
Ѫһһףֱնɱˡ
ľҲǿ˵㻹ϵķӡ
һӣľǸоϵȫʧˣԣ˾ͽ˴˿ѾԼ嵶ûһ޳˺ѷεڲ֪ǲ۲۵ĵħԣ
׷ĪһֱүǻӣȥҾҪˣ
㻹˵أǾͰͿ㵭˵
˾ͽ˹ȻһԼ͡
Ҳ̶ã
ľЩ̿ˣûоĹ֣룬ûʵվﱻذ׹еˣ㡣
ѪնɱڰӶҲնɱˬ죬֣˶ɱҪ֪ɶѪûд߶
СԽԽˣߣȴмʵСҪնɱЩ鷳˵
𣡡
ʩչӿ𺣣Ѫ
Щ渽ڰ֮ȼա
˶ΪѪѹסȴû뵽˿ӰȴǴӻг˳ѪһДˣɱɱ˰ɣ
ӻ𺣿ĵţȴͬӰһ㣬֮£һ־ͱɱڵء
ֻ岽˾ڵϡ
һƣѪֱӳȥѪˡ
㣬Ǻηʥô̵ʱڣɱ֧Ӷţ˵ȥĻҪΪĴ棡
Ҫʿãֻɱˣɱ̫أֻҲа£һ

˾ͽ˿ԼŵʱѾҪ˹ȥͲûܿڣֻ˵仰ڳݲ壬ŵ˼׵ģһ
ȥ˾ͽˣ
㵭˵лûһϢע˾ͽ˵ڣʹ˾ͽǿߵ

һŰ˾ͽ߷ɣһ䡣
ǱѪոɾĸʬɵֶ֪ʱ˿̸˵Щʲô
գ
˿ΧŲЩ㵹Ѿ֪˭а嵱еսʿ
ǹնҲ˹ҲһᣬһȵնȻһͷ
ţ㲻ҪᣬЩǸĵģǸλˣնȻ˵㡣
ƣѵһģ
ȵ
̣Ҳ䵱ɵţǰһǲӻˣ
ն˵꣬ǽŭһϮնҲһֻԷ𣬡ЩСֻĥɵеӵģԸҺնʡʡɣ
㣡
ð
㣬ҺնЩ͵ˣָ֧ڰӶţȿֲʵҺնĺܣ㲻֮ˣĻҶҿô
ն˵ȶ㱧е⣬㣬һа壬ǽ˲ţа壬Ǳͳ˧£
նǵһεô˵棬һ˷
ɵɫ΢΢һ䣬ǿʵа壬ǻ˵ã
ţʵۺҲаˣΪ˸֮λ۲ݣ㵱ͳ䵱ɽΣ
ü˵
ŶûſⷬʵԺضǱͳɣò
üͷĺҧ˵㣬㵱ɵ


1349 
ڵѪҪ֪Ѿ˼ɵĵڱԵռƣԣҪ֮λȴҪ֮λøˣοĵ
˿̣˶㣬նǲмһ˵ɵʲô˼һȺڼαӰɣ˵ɣɵ㹴ˣˣа壬ǼΪӵģ
㣡
նҪÿ
ľҲ˵㣬ǽһս㵱ɣһа壡
С椣а壿ն˵
ϻǴһ죬һ첻ðľ˵
ֵܣ㵽Ǻ˼նʵ
ɢˣϲԼˣҲϲԼأ䵱ɽҪа壬ұ飬а֮Ķҵǹܲţ̫Ѿˣɽˣ
˵꣬ȥɵĸԼ£ıӰΰ
֮λǶҪͽܹаۼѣ㾹Ȼ׾ٵıǾܾˣȴǲ֪Ǻεţ֮˵ɵ¾Ϲ鳤ȥҲԥҡͷİɣ
ľ׷Ĳ˵ǲаĺûᣬնƾʵҪնɱ練ƣ
аǽΪ𣿡
˵ֻҪǲǵң˭˭Һθɣ
ľҲ֪˵ʲôͷһնµսʿȫʧˣûкɸϡ
ҲβɽȥҪ㿪һ·Ǻ˳·ϡ
ʶѾ˴Ƭɽ壬ȴȻѰǡ֮ġ䣬ֲﱾǼΪƬָ㲻̫ϤĵطʹѰ֮ġˡ
ţǺҪɽҴܣҲ֪ʲô
أʵѪ־ǲúаɧţ
ɵĵľʵ̫ԶҲܴ㵱·ȷ档
ֻѹͲɽһ磬ɵ˾͸㵽ת˵ȥɲУҲ֪ǲǹģҿǻֱɽɣаˣҲú£˶ڣ
ţ˶ͷ
ľһӵѾһ·ɽҲ˵㣬Ƕأ㣬ûİƵĸʲôأ
Ϊ⡮֮ġѰôΣڵϦǲҵ֮ġܻܿᡭ
˵Ҳﲻʲôæ㻹ɽɣǲΪ㣡
ôߣ
ľСϻᵱУǾԵ飬ȴû뵽㶼⡣
ְţŮʱô鷳ҡҡͷ
Ͳɽնɱаȥ
ľһǸɵĶȥˡ
ҡҡͷʵ̫ˣ̶ʱգСҲʼҲ˳֮У

ɵɽһ·һƺƵΪ׵ɵˣ۹·˷¹նʶǰͻϮ
ղǺնȻɽܵˣ֪ʲô
а۾ȻͷƱز뿪䵱ɽĵΣ֪ǧǰȻΣأ
ľСҲˣ
ɽµ˿ʦ˵
ľͷϻҲΪάİȻҪæ
ϻемľӭɵĶ鵱У˵
ţǹ˶£ո˵ǼϸھȻ˵˺ûôܵ𣿡
ľҡҡͷǰ
ţǰȴǴŨҵУЩĸо
Ũж֮ȵ
ľҲЩŨŨδɢȥǴЦЩɵαӣǽ˵ˣҪȫɽϣа壬±Ӱɣ
ɱǣ
һ¡
ʸ˽
Щʸ涼Ÿʴľ綾ֻҪһڵ㱻ʴɾʱ򣬲ҲС

ļʸǵ˹ǿˣЩʸɵĲٵӣʵ̫ǿ
ټʸֱǵؿڣЩֱӾ͵ڵȥˡ
˿϶а֮һ\ľһ뻯ΪѾھž۷״̬ˣ
˸˵꣬һ֧ǿĺɫ˹һʦĸֱֱˡ
նûãɽ¶Ҷ֣\ľһ֣ɵĶ飬֮һ
\ľڰЦ˷ȥգʣ¼ˣ
Ũɢȥ
\ľԼߵĹֶվ֮ǰȵЩһ죬ᱻɾ
Ǿȿ˭˭
\ľȵ
ٴһǿĹֱӳŽֵȴȻǹ׾ٵĴ͸

ұмѪüʩչ潪ֹѪţ\ľļʸĺܣҪСģ
ŻҲ˵ֱӳ\ľȥ
ߣ
\ľһȵնٲҵˣɾҪɱˣ
һڷϮնӰ\ľԣ֪Ϊʲôɽ¶ˣ
սʿ˲ذˣ
\ľȵǰѾֶԸҲʼ\ľߵĹֿ⣬սʿ͹սеС
ɱѷѽ⡣
ľȻҲУܿͱնˣС椣㳤Ưñɴɺã
Σ
ľһ߳һںնϣնױ㻯⿪ϲְԵŮˣˬ죡
ľһ֮ںնǰǲġ
С˶Ҫ־͹㲻а壬ĻĹϵҾϲ㣬ҲţնЦ
˿̣ɺаɱҲѽѷ֣˲أ˫϶һһ
˵ö֮ҺľһҪɱ㣡
ľгһɵĳźնǴһֻ⽣ںնϣʹ
նֱֱץסľֱۣȻһҪ˫§סľ
ſң
ľȵȴѺնħơ
ааƺҲû˻ģ
նЦ˫ץںľļϣҪľߡ
˭֪ǰһսʿǰɽ˷㡣
㣬ˣľ
ߣ㣬Ǹ㲻а壬аĵˣԸˣֻò̵ַն
˵а֮޹أֻҵŮˣ
ȴޱȰ˵


1350 Ĵ󷨣
˭˵ٲĸŮǺľϻСĹСŮľɫŮӣҲһλ̽߸ܹΣ֮Ԯ֣ȥˣ˿϶ģ
Ҫ֪ںľѾ˱ǩɱ˿ħ޳֮ͽ
ڿɱ˿ħ㵹ǿ޳ˣϾͺľɱˣȫǸ֮ˣҲǿȥɱ֮޳֮ͽľΪһûа취ժǩġ
˵ҵŮˡĸʱľ͸ӾѾûþˡ
նҲ˵Ůˣƾ°ɣ
ſľлûһڹϮֱǵ£һȻֲܹɽɱôˣ
㵹ûնѪûаγֱ߳һһն߾Ȼ⾢ĵɳȥײ˼Ŵ
ˣ
Ĳ¶ں
ͼŽֵ\ľҲŹն˥ڵϣ˵ôôûã
б򣡡ն˵
ΪҲң
\ľһӼѳȥһϹֱһһֱؿڡ
䣡
Ǿ޴ʸϣȴǱڻһȫʧ\ľһιˡ
\ľߣն˵
аȫˡ
սȫʧŲʬ壬ɵеĽŶˣҡҡͷͻϮʧذ
㼰ʱ֣Ҫ밡
˶ǵͷղŵĺܣʱ̳֣\ľͺնͲ֡
㣬˵㣬ɽĿ̫аµӹƶˣ֣ɽ
ȴҡͷ
㣬һ·ɽҲѰǡ֮ġģôöûҵ˵ɽ·ϣľ˵
ҿɲ鷳ҳѾˣ
˵ЩɵûаëǮϵɲΪԼǾ
ľ㰡
ľҡҡͷһţƢ
ʼ磬˽һߣ
ľûӦֱ㱻סˣûй෴ɽȥˡ
֮ĵкäĿң¾Ƿ䵱ɽҲҵɣ
⻹䵱ɽС֮ġ𣿡
ҡҡͷŮ治ס
Ųף
ľ˵꣬ɽϴŲٴŵ۵˳֣ǵݺܺϳ˿ɵģ䵱ɵĵӣʦаɧǣǰǺǻϣ
ǣɵ˶ں棡
ľ˵
λǣ
Щ˶˾ģϾаⱣ˭֪ɳʲô
ֻɽѰһֲ֮ġģΪ˾ˣ
֮ġˣ䵱С󣬸ûʲô֮ġذɣ
ҽϼأм٣˵ˣŶûмΪ棡
ʦ˵ˣӵܣ˵ȣһɲɽ
˵̬ȺԣҪͺľ֪Ѷɽ
˼ǣ㲻ˬˡ
ɽ
Ͻɽ˭֪ʲô
䣡
ʱȴǴľ˵аɱ˻ɿҪ˲ˣ㣬Ҫȥǣ
ҪԼȣ˵
Щ䵱ɵĵʿҲüǺȵǶˣҪܣȥˣ
ɽ˵
Ϊʲô㲻˵ȥ䵱ɻϲа𣿡
䵱ɽвʹţϵǣܴ֮ġ䣡
㣬֪֮ġ
ľҡҡͷ֫㱻ﰡſң
Ҵȥ
ܣ䵱ɽ磬ͲܷɣĻ˭ôɽ
ǿĽ磬ҲѲ㣡
һЦŻнŵĺľ㱧ҵ㰡ƽҪ̫Ҫ֣ˤȥɳ˹־ͱң
ô˵ȫС椵ĶƾΪСС䵱ɽ磬ȴǲڻµġ
ľһϽ㣬ĻУһŨҵϢ˱Ƕļ̌ͷƽ붼ķ֣޳ܶȥ㣬Щ˧ġ
䵱ɽֱ
ľ㱧ŷڰУ㻹ܳƽ磬⻹ǵһɽأ
ֲ֧סˣͻȻ˵
ﰡң
ԶеҪĶ࣬ڵʧܿ죬֧Ųȥ˶Ҫˤ⽴
ǸΣ
һ湦Ĵ󷨡ܶʱڳֻϧСϧߣסĴ󷨡޷ʩչ
ʲô˼ܰʲô
һ仰𣿰޾ģסĴ󷨡ԭֻҪаתΪ
ҪҰأ
ľ˵ûֻ̫࣬ϣܹ֧ȥ
ҸܲҪĸܵģ˵
ľȻץ㣬ʱɴѾ紵ߣ㿴һ覵ҪѳֲסˣСӣǳȻգ¾쿴ˣҲҪİɣ
㣬Ҳʲôǰһ°ɣ
ľӣȻĸˣҪȥ˿̣ΧǴ죬Ǻˣܷ
һΧһȺƺ׵ĵʿΪᣬЩȻʮֲˬһ
ľҲϴһĨߺ죬Ȼû׵㣬ȴҲǲҿ㣬ϾǣһǳʥҸ飬ǾҪδϹһɵģղΪܰʩչĴ󷨡Ҳ֪˶ľĲȥġ
ɽҩβ˵
Ǽƺ׵ĵʿѾ䵱ɽˣɣ
ҲƺףЩƺҲĺܣڰתȦǳϿշȥˡ
λǺˣȻܹ䵱ɽϵ磿
λȻþĺܣ䵱ɽ䵱һЩĸ֣ʿҪУΨмƺˣͲȴųƽȻЩѰ
˿̵ĺľժɴģӡ⼸λʿҲ棬ӰŮȻǰ֮ңǲ֪߳ܣҲ֪ô룬ڼأ
ǿ㣬Ǻˬˡ
λϻþĸ鳤ľҵĸףǶжţ
Ȼ֪㸸ϻԺգ᲻֪ϻеһŮһȻΪˣ
ǼʿЦ˳ŮȻۣġ
㵹ü˵λǵ۾ԿĶһһǼûԶɽ¿һֻĸҪɽǣ𣿡


1351 Ҵȥˣ
ǼλĻһʲô˼޵֮ˣѵЩ֮²ɣ
ǻ᲻Щ֮£ҵǲиëҲϲһֱϱ˵
˵˭ϱ
ľƲϵ⼸˶ʶ׵ĵʿҪ¶븸׵Ķ֪ҪôԼء
㲻ϱոҸ㲻һЦ
ҲͷǵȻǿ˺ľģ˱ôҪôһϵ˹ˡ
㣡֪ˣԭ壬ûʲôĴ󷨣ģľ˵
㵹Ǳ˫֣ҡǰ߳һҹ˺ҡһҹûоܾ㣡
ԭǣһҹĹϵǼʿȻ
㣬㲻Ҫܣ
ľ׷ȥ
ͺľۣ֮Уʩªǽ֮ϾǻЩгޣɽˮҲĵĿ⿴һȻĻһѪɱĻ棬ľҲˣ˵ɱĿаˣ
Ӧǣսʿڵϣͷ
λʦǶô
һͯ˵ˮʱͦܵġ
˲ã߳⼸˶һ꣬ȥһɷǵӣһ˵Ǿǳˣ
ЩţϾӿȥ̫ˡ
ķպòܽƣԲ㵭˵ʶ
ԭˣ
˵λһϻеĺľ㸸״˷ҲɽʱǸŮžۣҲһԵ
ǺǣˣľЦ
λСֵմ
뿪ڣȴû뵽߽ʿ˵ʦ壬˾㣬ɱ׸ʦܵǸ㣡
⼸ϴ츮к˾ͽ弸ӶҪץ䵱ɵӣһ۱ϳ
㣿
ɫһ䣬㻹䵱ɽ֪׸˭ͽܣ
Һθɣҡͷ
ҲãҪǽĵǹ֣׸֮һ»ûʲôϾ׸ҲʲôöɽûǷǣ׸յʦС꣬Ȼܹ˵ġ
ͽѾˣҽԺȻҲҪپ׶֮ˣȻ䵱ɽͱȥ˰ɣֺȵ
ߵļλ˵ʦ֣вŶѾ˵׸ʦֶǾȡɽѾǻڶ࣬һ˾ͽΪпѪʵ֮ǿ·⼸ʿӦ˵ģ
ߣĲͽܣȻô˵ҪΪͽ𣡡˵
ֵҿһᣬ㲻ǻҽԺɱͽ֮ˣϾҪɱͽͶˣαҪҽԺ֣Ҫ֪Ǹϻᶼߵˣľ˵
㵹ǲɱϲˡ
ɱģǺˣ
ֺȵľΪŮм壬ȴǲ֪˻ˣҲȻȻڰѣΪʧ
˫һлȻγһԣ̽˫ƣƷҲһߣ˿ҲǱ޳˴ԣĻ˽⵽ʵȻ֡
ԡ
һƣˣȴǱһȭ˻ȥ
û취ֻаʦˣ
ԵļҲɽϮ
ߣҪѪȾ𣿡ȵ
ҪѪͽ飡ֺȵ
¡һڴʱһ֣˶Ŀǽڹֵȼϣҵ죬ȫǽڵء
ʦã
ǼӶ˵
Ƕ֮Ϊʦ棬֪䵱ɵеλжôˡ
һλߴ滺ȴӣ֣䵱ɣѵôк˵ڵ۶֣Ǳʦ֪ǼȫҪܵط
ʦ壬㣬ɱͽΪͽкβɣ
׸֮ɱ
ʦ壬ִӺε֪
츮УһλѣΪӥ׸նǰɱӥļ˷ɽӥҲǰɱ׸յˣ
ʦ壬˵Ŀģ
ƶƭ㣿
ת㣬㣬ӣҪҡ֮ġ飬Ѿ֪ˣղŵ飬ʵǲ˼
˵Ϊˡ֮ġԣһЩĵ飬Ҳ̫⣡
һҲǲٿڣϾ׸ɱǾʧˡ
ʵ㣬⡮֮ġҲʦżȻһμ޷ȷǷġ֮ġϣ㻹ǲҪ̫ϣ˵
ͷֻҪһϣҶҪȥ⡮֮ġ
ʦ棡
һͯ˽
пڣݵ񣬺˾ţ
ɵӱڡУѾ޷ΧȺУϻˣ
ϻ᣿ҵľ
ôѾȥɽ½⡮䵱ɽݵһܵʱǱִܵɽ
ʦ棬⡮ԭֻ䵱Ӳ֪ȴǲ֪ΪΣа˽ȵǣڡĶ˿ڴ˺ǿҵĶʱըҹˡ·ڵľʯʱˣǽ첻Ӧеصز飡
ʲô˼
ľʵǾʯѵ𣿡
ľ֪ʯϹʯ޼᲻ݣھžĸ֣Ҳ޷ֺԭ䵱աģʯһأǶʱըȫôеˣΪҽ
Ϊҽɴʱɽ˵ҲмˣڼϻȺ֣䵱Ҳвٽĵ֣ǾըҪǧˣ
а廹ǴȻɱôˣ
ȥҪȥҵľȵ
УʱϲˣľҲôðգססľ
ΪʲôǾҰְҲģ
ɽʮʱ䣬ǳƺȥҲҪӣǶʱըڴʱˣ㶼Σգ
ʲô˼ҪҪµ𣿾ҲҪҰְ֣ľ
⣬Ϊ˴룬ҲֻϣܹˣϾְҲ˲õа취Ӿ
˵ȻȥЩˣǴʱɳֳȥҲҪȫûҲϣԽԽࡣ
У
ľǿᶼѳˣȻõźľ壬
˿̣һվŵ㣬ȴӵļ򣬡ϵʿָ·ƿȥˣ


1352 
赭д˶Уͬһը졣
㶵Ŀ㣬Ҳûпڣͷ
һ̣㣬ľӱʧڵ۵С
ԭ㵹ǿʶҵ֮ˣղžºľʱѾʶ˻ҪһȻҪѸʱ䣬ϵʿ·Ҫϲ١
ת˲֮䣬Ѿ·ڣüȻжʱըû뵽ЩаļһͦӵģȻø߿Ƽ
㣬ըǲ˼д󲿷ֵˣǣЩըǰѿھʯϵˣǿɾ˲ˣ
һʯֱӴӾȥǾǡþͨһʯʯ޴ޱȣֱӹȥ潫ֿܹȫΪʯײһͷľʯϣʯײôֱ룬䵱ɽİɽᱻը
˵
ľһ֣ڲ棿
дľְûϻļʮ˶Уģʯסͷ·ߣǧˣ
壬㲻Ҫǻ취ǳģľ˭
ٺ٣ǲǺܴ̼
նһսʿˣȻ\ľԼǡ
㣬Ƿųľ˵
ųаµֶС椣ĬأЩʱըӺʱữΪҽ
ն˸飡ȫҪƾЩҷа鷳ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
Ϲ㻰࣬ƲߵǲȫһͣǰΪǾ̫ˣ\ľ˵
ľҧݣɱǣ
㵹ֹס˺ľ˲µģûҪǶ
˵ʲôľȡ
\ľͺնͬĻס㣬ҳΪ֮ϣҲôƭŮӰɣʯжôǿֲǲ֪
Ҫȥ֪ҾͲ䵱ɽˣôطЩţӵʿǳ鷳ҪǴ߽ݾôᱻ
ģҼлСҿô찡
Ⱳڵһɽ

еĲ˶ŸȻǼȲˬġ
Ҫ߶ʯȵ
ʲô߶ʯ
һôܣʯĿѾǸˣڿߵ֮ϣʯͲܴ߶
Ȼ˵ôЦ\ľЦ
ҵͦϲʯڵģ
ЦѾܵˣʯеһֹ̬
ЩѹھʯУŻγӴ
ҪָΪͱҪϵȥʹѾܹҲ൱ġ
ʯеȴԵֵϣԼڵϴ켸µ
ʯ۵Ϊָܻһˣ䵱ɽҲûа
֣˶ֵгһɫâЩɫâھʯ档
ôܣ
ͶΪֻƬ̣ǾʯȻĶˡ
¡¡
Եĵضɽҡ
дô£ס˾ˣѵҪһε𣿡
ʯϷƶбˣѾܹ찡ʯȻҪƿˣ
ȰЩʱը
ٴһ£ƺϲĵλ
⡭
˾ȫ𺳵ķˣаˣǼֱԼ۾
˵еϹʯȻ׵ľƶˡ
ʯƶڰյУӺ㣬ʲôʯˤȥе䵱ɽҪ𣡡
ѣ
гĸ
㵹ûӣȻٴηһʯԽԽСֱӻΪҽ
ô£ʯأ
أ
;ʯһʧˡ
ľҲѰӰȵھе˶㷽ƮȻľ˵ȥˣ
˵Ҳף˵
ǰոȥһʯߺľС椲ɵ۲Ź֡
\ľأ
ܵ죡
ʯһͬʧʱ򣬺ն\ľоԾҪ֪ǲʵУѾΪаۼһǿĿֲֲڳǲܲŹ֡
壬ڳˣľ˵
ǰΪ֣ϻᵱеĳԱ
ϻҲǲ˼ʮԱ䵱ɽ
ľոλʿǣǾʯƶǿۼ˵
ľ˵㣡
ֵܣлոȣĻǧ˶ҪǾУ
ͷغԺ˵Լˣ
Լˣ
־ȣֵҲҪϻǿǰͲõĺܣ
ľᶮҵģ˵
㣡ҳ
ľȻ֪һҪ˵ЩʲôͶס졣
ɵŴʱҲΧȻ㲻ˬҲǸ˵㣬ɶлˣ
Ҳ˵Ҳ䵱ôӶл㣡
㣬лˣ
ɰǧͬ׳󣬱Ͼ֮Ǵ찡
ؿҲը٣Ͼ䵱ɽըѿˣҲѰ֮ġģ˵
֮ġһִ˵еֲ
ǴһһǶǡ֮ġɣ
˶ͷ
㵹ЩܳҲûоܾϾ˶˵ܱҵ

䵱ɽһһɽ
ɽϱذ׹ǣҹйȳ֡
аĸݵأҲǴӪ
ɽ֮ϣڶɽЩɽвõĸûʣаۼһЩΪרҵװʦװ޵ġ
һ
ֻаĹ
ݣݣݣ
\ľնѾ䵱ɽع飬а۵ĹУ\ľ˵˵Ҫдôһȥˣ
˭֪أҲ֪ȥˣѪǸħڹɱˣڴŸιɣն˵
⼸ˣһ㶼аİΣУղš䵱ɽЩܴݻɵмǿϧ㣬ʵǿ
ɲǣҪܵÿ죬˵Ҫס
ոƶʯ龰һ¡
а嵱УҲֻԵУ
һǽһѪʵɽݼҲ֪Ǹʲô磬˵ѪĳɾͿɲ֮£
Ѫˣ˵㣬ɱ飬һ㶼ᣬΪԺҸеġ
նҡҡͷ


1353 ˣ
ն˵꣬һɫ˹ǺնʹȫֵȴȻɫڵأһӰһһȫǽɫս׵˳֣а֮һѪ
ģż첻㣬Ϊô࣬ҪǶ໨ʱϣôڻǸУնֵ
ٶ˵һ䣬Ҿ춼ѪˣѪĮ
ߣ
նһҲǲҿˡ
Ѫ˵кʹҲˣ
Ӱ˸һֺУһϵŮˣȻŮ˻Ƿ̴ġ
Ц˵Ҹո˵Ϲ\ľ䵱ɽɣͰȫɵˣ
Ҳ֪ǲ㣡
\ľ˵һˣĻɽڣ
ʲô·
ֻһˣһΪ¶ڽ֮£
˧˧
ðŹâ˵
˧
\ľЦŵŮ˿ϻĵһŮϹɫģ
ϹʲôɫҪ
ƨϴκԼڣҲԴǵľܾ𣿡ն
ֻΪ˿㣬ҲԼǳ࣬Լڣôȥ˵
նҪ֣ȴǷؿһʹԭղŵ˻ûлָ
Ӵ붯֣Ц
ҪѪңһҪҧһڣһѪΪ
˵ˣдᣬΪǶΪǰɣѪ˵
ţѪ˵ĲλζԸߴɰɣǼȻѾ䵱ɽһǼƻβаˣ˵
\ľո˵λˣʲô磿
Ѫʵ
ٳ˾ž֮\ľ˵
ѪȣһˣΪѾ˾ž֮Ҫ֪⾳䵱Ǽ϶ɵҲܹﵽ
Ȼû䵱ɣߴɸǸЦ
ˣҵҪѪ˵
أô
ǵһ챻Ÿӵ𣿡
ȥˣ쵹ˣǲҪѪ˵
㲻˵
˵Ҷ㹴ǸԱǱģ
ҸոնĲҲӮˣҲ˵
ҪȥˣаΣʱ̣Ǻúóﻮɱߴɵɣ
ѪУʵǿҲǽεһˣǶ
˶ͷ
Ѫ¶׹϶ɽϢȵٿߴɻʱٶ֣ɱֲ

䵱ɽ
ԼϻĳԱѾڵЪϢ
㹻࣬Ҳȫܹǧ˵ס⡣
㣬ʦֺͼλʦڱչأǵȲˣ˵
źǴˣȥѰѰǡ֮ġ
ľ˵첻ˣǡ֮ġһҵģ
ͷ
֮ġǷʹʶ鲼䵱ɽȫ䣬Ҳ֮ġĴڣҲֻ˵⡮֮ġûп㵹ûйٻάֶʮ죬㹻ʱ䣬ȵ֮ġĳ֡
ľеĽһ죬Ҳǳûкκìܣ˻ص֮󣬺ľի
ͻȻôƽ⣬Щϰأ˵
ľһۣи¶㣬ǿʯȥˣ
ˣ˵
ˣ˵ȫˣ
ֹһ飬ʵʯˣ˵
ǾʯеôȻˣǲţǵܸ߶ʵ
һɣ
ҡҡͷǺ⡣
һ㣿
ľҪˣһʯ涼̲ܹݻٰ䵱ɽȻֻһ㣬ʵ׵˺־磿
ôǲĪĶҲһֳݸУЦ
ûУľҡͷ
Ůˣʲô˼˵ģ
ȥ۵пϻˣ㲻Ҫ˵
ߣεŮˣռʱЩ𣿡
˵⣬жˣҪôͰ
;ΣξʵǲǾЩģؿڷƣʵ
һ㣡ɽ±ҷʱͷεģŻ
ˣ˵
ʲô˼
ľǶҽо
ǻеǰף˵
ƭ
Ǻã㣬ǲǺĶ
ľͷұϲģ
µĴǲ˼죡ľͷ
ּ󶼱㻳ˣ
˵
ľǶԻе˽⣬´ȷƳ죬Ҫ֪ƳһϾпǻ֢״ҲͲˡ
ҰֲҪ
ľ˵ͷ۵Ļ
˿ȴеͯľС㣬Ѿأλ£
Ժ󣡡˵
ߣ˵¶ô죡
ľ˵̬ЩСſһ
˵㶼Ҫˣô죬ɣȥҸ㰲ʹ
룡ľɿ䡣
߽ͯŮһ㣬ľ϶ٴΣϾѾĻĺˡ
ȫϯɵĸ߲ԱԼϻᵱеˡ

֮ϣһλɷǺŨĵʿ˵
ǰȻ䵱ɵŵܡ
㰲ŵλãҲǾģͺˡ
㣬ǧ˵ߴɣ֪õл㣡
֮Ͱˣ˵
ܵͷλɺϻᵱеĸ֣֪а֮£кߣ
ţߴɾۼϻ˰֣ҵǾھǰȥɽаʱ˵
ɽѹаۼ˴ħߣ䵱ôаսսȥȴȻûֵκαˣааۼǵеĸ֮⣬УͨѪһ켶ƶϴκ֣ųԽƶĴڣⳡ̣ô򣡡˵
ţʿ֮ףйߴô˵
ţƶҲֻǾ£ǳ־Լ磡
ߣ£
ȵ֪̬ˣֺαðΣɽˣ
ţΪΣ
ҽ䲻ʲôӢҲ֪а֣֮䵱ɲжҽҲӵǰȥɽ˵վҪ뿪
ţв
δ߳ţܱһǰһһڣűˡ
ţҪҽ𣿡Ц
ţ̫嶯ˣƶû˵ȥɱа壬ֻǻһˣ
ܵĿ⿴ڴЩƣЩĵϡ


1354 
ƶʦ˵ԭᱻȴǽ̲żľʯƶʹþеѣ⻹㣬ʯʧˣ飡
˵㣬ӦûһͰɣ
ʯոɾˣ
㵭˵ʲô
գ
죡
е˶̾
һʯб̺޾ˣƶƲȴû뵽㾹ȻѾʯе˸ɾһʯ
˵㣬ƶ𺳣ʯûʲôɼ⸱
нһһƽڰյĵС
ڵ۵пǸѪѪаĻ档
㵹˵ܽ˵ʲôҡҡͷţʵ˴ǰ䵱ɽֻΪѰ֮ĵģǺа֮ҲУ
㣬ߴΣ֮ʣĴ壬棬аۼҪȥɽԸߴɣ䵱ɽмλڱչδأڵʵаԿѻʯ
˵аеħеѪ֮⣬ûֿܹ
˵˵ȥһǸˣѪǱǣ
˵ţѪƾճڰյУȴһѻնء
ȻѪǲŵܻȥġ
Ѫ㱾䵱֮ߣ
ܵ˼ҪûѪϾѵ䵱ɵģѵ䵱֮ײӦзһȣһâѪ֮ϣѪֱסˣѺѪ˵һܹͨܵѪ˿̵ʹ࣬һ䣬ҲҰ֮յģ
һƻеķȻڵϡ

˶Ŀࡣ
㾹Ȼߴ֮ף䵱ŵ֣ܶΪһѵ
Ѫ¹λУѾˣԼòȥԺѪˣ˭ҪҪȥҵ²ˣ
ѪҲʣ˶ܸܵѪɱ
㣬ǣҪսߴ𣿡
Ψ²ҵ
ΣЦ
㣬ΪͿΪΪˣ㹫Ȼڴ֮Ƶţˣǽ첻а֮ˣҲȻǣȵ
ЩɵĵӶźȵ˵ĶԣһҪΪһаֺۣȺ֮Ӧã
Ǵ˿̶˷ܹȣĻǻʯαڵĻǾͲô˵ˡ
˵ףǻΪ䵱ɵļƽֶ̣Ը㡣
㻹ǲ˰㻹֪֪ͼģľȵ
ߣҽҲΪߴɵİΣ룡
ˣţոƶ˵㣬ѪȻΪˣǲѱˣ
˵㣬⻭֮ϣѪ񵶣ɲа壬ѪȻ֣ƶֻܼܹɱаˣ
㻹δڣȴǴ죬϶䵱ɲǺųߴ֮ڲа壬ȻҪٽ֣֮ǲ˵ߴɵȫǷ
ȫˡ
ţһȺа֮˳˽Ϊˣվǰ׵֣Ŀ¶׹⣬ͷ޾ɱ
\ľվһ֣һóԶɱ֡
ںһǾк͹ն
аȫˣǺôųȵ
⼶𣬻ûʸ˵һȥ
\ľȵ
ǽҲǸ¶ͲҿڣϾ\ľһʸʹʮµġ
ʦ֣а̫ˣλʦ嶼ڱչأǡΧڵԡ
üͷ΢壬Ǵ󣬼Ȼλˣ㲻뿪
϶ͷȻ˲񣡡ȵ
һ̣䵱ɵʿǲǴϹ󣬱ǴУ˵һܵǳ
ȻʩԽǿҲԽǿ
Уǿıǵܣ۷壬ž༸˽硣
У\ľȻǾž֮Ѫͻ֮
һȵǰǰǴѪһܣǽ죬ߣȻͻ֮Ѿ֮ҵĻܹ֮⣬Ǵ󣬸סң
ξ
Ƕ⡣
ǴвǻǼǴ󣬴̹⣬
λѪ㻹ϽγȥҪɹŪˣ
ѪҲǴУ˿̣֮⣬ȴƷֿһӰӳһ㣬ӰӺѪһģһѪĻǡ
սһѪлȻһ޸޸Ȼһӣһֱӱײǽǡ
ǴȻƽ⡣
¹λѪЦǴҲˣ϶վҪ䵱ɴӴ
ЩаӵҲһ£ϣɱȺϵʿ
ȫ
Ҳϣ
ϻᵱеҲǺȵ
սһ
ɱճأɲǼ䣬ҪΪһս
㣬ߴˣ罫ҵУʱ򣬿ͨ˵綼ҪܵӰ죡
ľ˵ֹֻⳡƽ٣
㿴ŴѾҵľ棬аɶ໥ɱ˷ϵʬҲڼ߼ߵţѪҪȾ
㣬㣬Ͻ֣ǶҪסˣľ
淳֪Ͳˣ
˵꣬Ѫ񵶱Ȼһӣһ¥ǡ
¡һ
̮ˡ
ֵǽĳ
̮Ҳʹ˶Ƭ̵ͣ٣ȵа֮㱾ʣҼȻѾǷǵУô͹ܵװɣ
㣬㵽ʲô
ȵС˶𱨣㻹ߴ
ֻǲ뿴ѪȾ䵱ɽǾҪѰ֮ģǱ㲻ˣ㵭˵
ߣ˵ף㻹Ҫߴɣն˵
ô˵ǹǲ
˵
Ҫˣӵ˵
ҲǵͷֻҪϵλʦأЩаʿȫҪ䵱ɽϣ
ϴҲڣ㣬һ֮ǧ֮ʿѪˣ㻹Ѫһ


1355 ˳֣
Ѫ⻰һаʿƴʢ
Ѫ⻰ȻѪģ
ն˵
Ҳ˵㣬ҿҲǸëӣԼʲôģⳡ㻹ǲҪˣ
㵹ǵЦǰɣվڴ˵أ˺ܹҰ벽ⳡұǲˣ
Ļ͸ҹ䵱ɽ
䵱ɽ
պ۱ڶ絶һʹ
㣬Ȼô˺Ȼ벽
ѪЦˣһ˱ԣ
˵ɣţƤɲǴģ˵
аɷ׷׺ˣ˿Ѿ٣ΧһƬȺ룬һˮȻ
Ѫ̯֣ɸһǧĴ󸫳Уղ󸫿һģɼ
ƾξʵ벽㣬ܹȼ
ѪߣȻţȻаۼһֱ˵ѪаˣʼնаۼԶ޷ԽĴڡ
ѪҪˣǿһˣ֮ȵܻҪ֣
ѪǸħϴκ͵ܴһδʤһΣȻѾٴͻˣ
Ѫʵ֪ǳҪѪѶˣȴû뵽Ҫڳԣ˵Ѫ޷벽Ļ

۷׷ס
ѪϵĽȫųâд󸫳ֺ⣬һȻ¡
һǧܶ΢΢ҡͷ֮Ϊ㣬ѪѾǵڶˣ
ʦ֣һ˺Ҳֵס
ܵͷԸܹסһ
ǸͷҪϣ˿̣ȴ˹һ˳ָһУȻֱӼסѪĴ󸫡

˿զࡣ
ôܣξѪĸͷȻ׾ٵļнˡ
ңֵǰ⣬һӣܰѪӵһ㡣
㣡㣡
Ѫ㾡ȫȻѲ󸫶βˡ
֪ţƤĺ𣿡
ЦͻȻ֣ѪͣȻ͵غˣ¡Ѫ֮󣬼аӵܣȻײԴ˻Ѫ
ֲ˹
ûõȻһаڶ֣ߴ֮ף䵱ŵܻҪ֣Ȼ׾ٵĻˡ
û֣ܶ¶ЩˣΪȥѹûʹһ
ͺһ̵Сһ֮ıһҪô
Ĵ㶣ǶҪ㶯֣ȴ˭ǰһ
رǴոյǷɧױη壬㵹һЦ⣬Ƕո˵ҪԼڣ
ôͦظ˵
ظʲôʱ´ʱ˵ῼģ
˵꣬ΧǷǿҵЦ
նЦ˳Ϲ㵽һߵģ
Ѫӵϼ\ľ˵һ˲֣һϣŶֺѪͷ
Ϯ
ϾԼ˵˺벽˸ʩУѪĴ󸫣\ľĳİеĶԼնȭ
ĽȴǣѪĴ󸫶ˣˣİˣбԼĶˣںնңֱ۶ˡ
ڼû˿㵽׸ʲôͺһ˲֮顣
ͺǾһ٣ǰҲ
òȵ

ͬʱ̾׼µߵʱɽһȴǱ
ʦǶˣӼ
ţһ֣һͷѩףóѸߣһ˵ܣǰأΪߴ֮£ȴû뵽а徹Ȼṥɣ
ʦԼǣܹ˵
Ǵ˵еĻˣ˵Уɰﰡ
⻪Ҳ֪˶Ȼδȥ
ĺôԽߣҲԽͨԶ޷ģ
Ҳ֪⻪ˣȻִ־磡

˵ͷˣܣǼϼһһֱǱɣȴǰ̯ӽ㣬㰡
ܲҿڡ
Ѫ˵
֪кμ̣
ϴսܣƶѾ֪ˣû뵽̶ʱգͻִξ
Ѫ˵ߴиа嵹Ǵˣ˷ǻȥض
˾ȣǺ£
ڱչصͷضȫעһĶֳܷȻ֪緢һС
ʦ壬λ˾ǣ㣡˵
ɨһ㣬еľȸˣʵȻľϣȴǸܵһϤϢ
ѪѪͷ
ܣѪ񵶣Ϊ֣֮ôţ
ܱĲҿڡ
Ѫ񵶣ֻǵҲܳ׾е򣬱Ϊһħ
˵ƶڵĵҲܹһֵ㣬ѵ䵱ɣ
⵶ȻˣڵѾ˵˭ǻҪȥ㲻ҪҲ˵
ûе⵶ٿģħͷ
䣬˭ĸ
Ц⵹װƣʵʵ˵⻰ĵѾﵽ۷壬Խص򣬵ٽһɲΪǰϵʿڵܺʲô۵ġ
Сӣ
˱ϼϵʿ΢΢ҡͷ
ʦ壬ڵ֮ɱЩаʿһ¿ɷݺ飿˵
˵ͷĿ·ϣ϶вͬصˣ˵ǽҪˣ
ն˵ܣ
аʿس
ȴЦƶУǻѣ
зѪϣסѪʹ֮Ҫ壬ȴȻ
̫֮ܳԾ
ξ̫֮龳ܹ꣬壬Ҳӳȥ
ѪסĴͬסЩаʿ˲٣ѾӰ֡
˵ףа廹аۼģЩСආǣΪ塣
ߣʦ壬аĺȺ֮ɱ˵
϶Ҫסʱ䣬ϼһˣʲôʸģ
ն˵ʤΪΪܣֻǽûϵ֮ǿ
ʲôϵ
˴ŭߴ֮䵱ɣ˵֮üͷһ壬㣬˵벻ǣ
㲻Զĺľǳ˵ЩͷСȻƵͷˣ
˵аԶû˭˭ֻ˭ʤ˭ܣ
ҴˣҲⳡеģ
ϱޣҲ㣡
Ҳ˵Ի˵ĵɣʼ磬ǣ䵱ǧأһͳ㻪ڳʲôħֽˣ˳֣


1356 а
⻰ᣬ˭֪ˣҲ޵ӶˣȻҲ˼ȵ㣬Ǻ⣿䵱
ˣ㣿
۾ЦҷȰһ䣬ǾЩа˺ã
ǣߣ㣬û˵Żɽ𣿡
ֻ˵̵ְһλΪ֮ϵˣһֱڼǲ֪𣿡Ц
ܣ
üͷһ塣
һڹȴǴԶʧܹһλź۵ߣ˵ƾʵȻǸܲĴڵģȷʵһֱڰ
ҵʵѵʵƶ֮ϣ
˾úЦ
ȴЦסѪʵ㣬ոտǷһۣ
֮ϻЩ磬ǹ졣۾ܼ⡣
Ĵ֮һ
Ѫ˵һаìܣ飬Ҳ˵ģΪ֮ƣҲֻ˵ˣ
岻ϵİɱߴɸ֣аɱļ󣬲һһߴΪҪͨ˵磬˵ʵа忴ȥȻаޱȣùն˵ɣƽʱȵѪҺǴҽԺ˻ģҲЩʱգߴɹɱѪ
Ѫ¶Щţ˵ʲôնҡҡͷ
˼˵аߴɿս̵
֪ĹĴ壬Ĵƿһӡ֮صʯĿʯϣܴ򿪺ڰͨͨڰ磬Ѱ޾Ѫ˵
ڰ磿ȥڰ磬ﻹҪʲô򿪷ӡЩӺڰˣô˵ʵ
ǶʲôЩӺڰӳˣǴӺڰģڰ棬ǺڰĽ棬ĺڰ磬ֻд򿪷ӡܽ룬棬Ϲħս
ڰ統УһֶصĽʣֽʣܹʮӿٶȣҲһֱҪͨҪԭ򣡡
Ĵ壬Ϊβִ򿪷ӡϾ˭кô鰡
ܴͨ򿪣
Ѫ˵˵ˣڰͨһ򿪣˵ڰ統еħҲܵ統УͲεħҲǶЩħͨ˵磬룬ᷢʲô𣿡
ֻı棬ȴûпǵƽ⣡
Щݣ㵹ǸȤĺܣڰͨڰ磬Ͳεħ統жǶȻʶʶڰ統еħ֡
ǿ󣬾а壬޷֮ԿĴ壬໥ƺ⣬໥ҲȶǷѣǺߴɵĹϵΪߴа壬ʱǱܹȡӡʯӶ嶼֧飡
Ŀı֧ڰ磬õڰϴ񣡡Ѫ˵
ȴЩͷˣ͵ˣаҲа֮ʿ֮ˣ˵ö֮
Ѫ㲻ҪЩţϵʿЩˣҽҲ˵ͣЩαȥΪҪǷһ·һ
ն˵
Ҳ˵ϵʿҪɱɱôϻ
\ľҲ˵ϧľǽȥ˵壬ĻǼڴˣа壬ֺαЩţӵ
ߣȥɣһȵ
зһȣһ˹ȥ̫龳λϣȻǿ֮õģµҪ
͵ܵ׼ΪλʬʱһһҲǴ˹ȥ
¡һ
ײ涼ѿˡ
㣬Ǹʲô
Ͼ죬ûʱ֣û뵽㾹ȻܹǵҪ֪̫龳ģ㵽ʲôΪûиӦ
ɱǣ䵱Ҳûʲôô㵭˵
ǰǣҲ˺ȵ
ʦ壬ɣո֣䵱ɾˣܼ
еļλҲ˵ˣξǣˣոѾһΣβڶˣ
һֱ㲻ˬĽȴǷų㣬ˣˣ춯ְɣ
ҿ
һ䣬ҲûʩչʲôǽȴȫըѶѪ
Ȼ
µվԭأȴǲҿһľ˵⽪ߴɵеĺ֮Ѿ⽪Ҫͱˣȡ
ɵӣûһ˸˵֣
ϾԴ䵱ɽ⽪Ϊȷʵһ֮
Σˣ㣬㵱ƶɱƶҪô˵ɱ㣬ɷ
ֳһˮͷŹâһӳʯ쾪
㵹ûлشϵʿĻѪԸγˣһȭֱӶ׼˵ˮ
㣬Ҫɱ𣿡
˿̫龳磬ȻಫγѪ񵶣»мʤ㣬ڣ

еˮҲһɽ嶼ϣȭƴҲһЦ㣬ֱԭߴǰϸô䵱ɵķϣһ
Ǵ˿̣Ȼͱƶˣ
ȻԸΥôҲû뵽ˮȭͷʱ򣬾Ȼûа㷴Ӧһ顯죬ˮȻˣ
ҲˮһĻڷ׷զ࣬㵽Ǻεȭһȭ
ţ˿ץŻ˵ĵۣȵϵʿڸ÷𣿡
ɫ԰ףץסöҪ֪Ѿ˻ȫڵĻˣֻһͨ˰ˡ
㣬ʲôſʦ壡˵
ͻһչصļλˣҲʩչҪȻˡ
һ־Żˣһֱǻûһȥξˣڵء
ͣ
ն棬˽´ľˡ
㣬ΪŰҪа壬Ը䵱𣿡˵
㣬Ұ˭û˭ܹʵ˵ģ
Ҳܰа壬Ըǰܼ
ЩϵʿһαҪǵʱǲǵúþˣ𱨣˵ûаûжҺľǸɶαӣľȵ
ϻҲ̲ס˵ľС˵Ĳ飬ϻĳԱʴ壬ȴ𱨣ͬˣ֪Ǳ㲻κˣ
Щ䵱ɵĵʿ˵һͷȥ˲ް֮ģ㣬ƶ
ߣ覴СˣҲ޵
Цһһ˺˵ĵһϣֱӵ˵ܵϡ

Ŀⶼ֮ʱԶȴǴһЦЦаʿȫͬһ㡣
ǽ
λͬ


1357 
аۣ䵱ɵļ˶˵
һۿȥһλ۵˽̤ǰһ˿죬ִۣ֮ʱＤ˵ֱ˧
а֮ϵаۼһΪǿЩߴɵļɫȻǰаûٺǴ
䵱ɽϵ̫ǿֻƳСֽ磬ˣ˵
⻰ûʲôӺͺľǺȻҪ֪ƿҴɽ׾٣ǲ˵ʵа֮ϡ
ӿ䵱ɽһֱԲаΪĿܶŵģ뵽аۻҪʱһ顣
ǲҪȺţӸɱˣ˵
ͷ㿴ȥֵܣаǷһ飬лᣬҼһ𣡡
˵Ͳˣ֮Ͷѣ
ߴڴ˾ۻᣬĿĲҪааۼھǰбҪģɣ
һȵ
Щߴɵ˶ҿ
˸ոձߵǽȥ˿һǱﻹҶԼʲô뷨
϶Ϊߴ֮ףô˵
ܿ˿ˣҡҡͷ˵а֮˳䵱ɽΪΣ
вңҲУҪԸǣѵǻڹɽ𣿡
ЦȻѪаӵܳ䵱ɽļƻȻˣǾûʲô׷ˡ
Ƭ̣гһ䵶䵶â䣬ߴ˿䵶жЩ־֮ɫ
ħ
ôǶҿˣħûгѪζˣȵ
㣬ҪߴɣɱԣħҲǾһһҪɱЩ˶練ƣλ˶ˣ䵱ɽϣһܹаۿ⣡ܼ
ЩߴɵҲ˵㣬㲻䵱ɵĻɱаˣѵаɱ𣿡
ħ޾ƣȵ㣬Ҫǣ
ģԽԽ鷳ˣ
ʼ磬֪ܾЩУðɣͺףǰɣ㶼Ѿ֪һıǺߴ֮ĶԹʹ˰ɣ
ߴɷһֱҪа壬ûⳡǱ޿ɱܵģҼɲϣպ䵱ɽϳ˼֣ɽа壡
˵
˼ǣʵ
ɱ
һЦҪҲأ
Ѫ˵㱣ǣˣ
ȺαӵǲͬӰɣԺߴɻɱ٣
ħͷɽ
żһ£аʿɽȥ
ߴɵ˿ð𣬵ڳȴҲǲҷֻҪҺͼλʦֵܶˣǰڳħалܵ
ʦ֣컯ʵ̫ǿ˺ҲĶ֣
ţ¸õΣߴٴξף޷ɱа壬ǰһˣ
ݺ飡
ǰߵǰ˵㣬аѾ£֮ġ䵱ɽҲҲˣ㻹кδ㣿
Ҫߣ۾
ƶĸң亹ð
ǺǣҪ£ֻЩµСʿˬ˺ģЦЦ
⻰ҪѪµСʿ˵ԼôҪ֪Ѿˡ
ܵͷ㣬䵱ɽϾǹɽаأаܣס壬Ĵ壬С֮ġϢϾǱ䵱ʷƾãңӵͼԲǧɽ䵱ɽ
Բǧɽ䵱
ͷôҪȥĴˣ
˵߾ߣľϻֵҲĲ˵㻹ؼң

Ϊʲô޼漦޹湷𣿡ЦЦ
Σ
㿴С΢΢¡ˣ治֪кŮأ

ͺľ뿪䵱ɽأǿһƬ׹ǣ׹ڸɽϣ¾аعɽˡ
ЩаˣǱ̬ô׹ǣǹ˵ģ
СЩ׹ǣÿ׹֮϶ž綾ӦǸո֮һеֺϷ
˵
ľոջҪһ׹ȥһ⻰æסˣһ㷢飬漴ͨˡ
ôˣжˣʵ
ûûа
ô죿ǲǱҵһĲס˰Ц
Ƥٺ𣿡
ľһǰȻаʿڿأл˼˱ǻȥͨˡ
Ƭ̣һޱޣԸеŮ˳Ƿ̴Ĵ˵㣬ߴݲ㣬ܵǹɽˣ
Ҫ֪ң˵
˵Ҫиôεε˶һ㷭Ƹһģ
һô˵
ľһۣȻ˶ǲ׵ġ
λ룡
Ť˵ȵľǰȥʱ򣬱ľ֪Ư˶ٱӴ
ɽеĹûʣ֮ʹй֮޲
ȻаۼǶ֮ˡ
߽ȥаǹͷͺ䵱ɽϵĴǽȻ෴ġ
аۼΪѪˣѪ˵Ǹ϶Ѿ̫龳ˣʵǿҲ֣˼ǣ²Ǽָܹģ
ţξ֮󣬻Ǳܳ壬ǻ˱ǼѻָˣҲֻܼӿĻָٶȣ
ѪЩգ˳𲻱ѪΪˣ
ɣٶٿ죬ִ̫龳Ҳͻƽ֣λһ֣֪ôģ˵
˿ͺľѽ˵նþ
նû˵һӣġ
һ˷ܣ㶼ЩĪôΪʲôҼǵһ˹ɣ
㣬նСӺٻ˵ģ\ľ˵
ƨ£
˭͸Ƶģ
ˣ
ȵ㣬㳢ƣаΪϵġ»ơζ¶
⼧ûжҲûанһ³֣þƣһҲˣ
һǺľеģŭʲô˼ҵľƣ
ϱŮ˻̥ʮ£ҪעⱣ壬ȾƶԶӵıð
ľǰ÷Ҳȴǰǧ飬㣬ʶĻôûȥ


1358 
һƶȹˣɼ⡮»ơζ
Ҳúõÿ죡˵
㣬˼а취ѪǸԭ
ͷȻҳһôζľƣҲһݼŶԣ
һϹ⣬ֱӴѪϣѪϲҸоҵĻѾڼٸԭòһϱָܻ
ҵķ׭ǲᶮã
˶һȣرǼʯЦ㣬Ҽû뵽ξȻһǴۼ
䵱ֻһĿģ
˵Ѱҡ֮ġа壬ⷽļأ
˿ֱӿżɽ
⡮֮ġһֲֺͷ
аȻûС֮ġļأһطһ֪⡮֮ġ䣡
ôȷ
оЩҪֲʩչ㣬ȥ壬ԵõҪĴ𰸣˵
㲻ȥðհɣҪ֪Ǻìܵģľ˵
ϱңЦ
ôܣҼ䲻ʲôʴ֮ˣҲԲݺаж֮ˣаҼѣ
ʲôط
ɽԱأҲƬɽɭĵط㣬ǰȥҶ·˵
ˣϱѾ׸ˣοһͬǰ˱ضɣԸΥͲˣ˵
׸أľ̲סˡ
ֲ㣡˵
Ŀ뿪һ˵嵱п֣ʵǿѱ治Կ
Ҫʲô취ҲҪ̫ģ䵱ɽϣҵħѾңʵԶ֮ˣ
Զڽ֮ϣզࡣ
аۼǼĤݵĶ⻰Ӽ˵ʮ㣬Ѫ˵ĸԣ֮Ҳĺܣ

뿪䵱ɽ֮ߴЪϢ󣬵۵УǱһˣһۣ֮Щ磬ҲѪ˵֡
䵱ɵĵŶڵ۵пᡣ
ʦ壬Щ˰ɣ˵
ߣ
üͷһ壬Ҳƿ⣬ֱ˵û뵽䵱ɽϣȻһ˿ֲļһо˱֮аۻҪǿϲ٣
ؼǣ䵱ɽѪ񵶣
ʦ壬ѪҲ˵䣬ɻڸԷǺа˰ɣҲɽ˵
ˣɣ
˵䵱ߴ֮ףǰԼϻᶼеɽôǻȥԺ䵱а
ʦ˼ǣ
ɱ
˵Ща֮ˣûѵǾͲɶô
ʦ壬ǾɱȥɽߴҲȻ˲أʱͿ̿
Ҳ˵
ҿЩƽǵ˰ɣ䵱ά簲ΣΪأʲôҪаǿʢǲŽͿ̿أ
ܺӻ࿴һۣжǰ޾Ρ
Ͼţ䵱˵׻ڼλƹܡ
ˣȥɣҪ츴ԭԱ㼴̸а壡˵
˶뿪˵ĵۣ˵ʦ֣ûоûʦγЩԾǰûô𱬵Ƣ
ҵȻоˣǰʦȻʹа壬ǷֵǷǺڰףγ֮ȫһһ㣬ǲ̫龳˵ԸԿƣ
ⲻħף
ħ
΢΢˼
ֻʣ»һˣʯϴһӹһӰֳ˾Ǻӣͫ

ۣˣˣ

ͺľѾɽˣⱱɽɽ룬ľᾣɭ
˿ѽҹľ˵㣬嵱һ׹ƣܹٿ֮ǣ˵ǻ᲻ֻʩչ׹Ƶĸ֣
ʼ磬ҵ֪ôģ
֪
ţ´ζʩʱ򣬾ڣЦ
㣡
Ů˰һ˵˼ͺ޲̰Ƶǽȥǿĳ嶯
㱳˫֣ҡҡͷԶȫȻûѾҧĺľ
ɭֵУŲľЩľĽṹǹ죬ͣҲ֪ǲǶϲԵʡ
ʶţܹܵЩľкһˣЩ˶ȥˣ
ǱỤ̃ľָš
ʶѾ̽˳ڰһʢصľۻᣡ
ÿȶһεİʽǳݵΰ˵սʿѴľгɭֹ㳡֮ϣһ޴ȼյĻ棬嵱شʦʩչ
λʵˣҲİʽһᱣ֮Եģһλ峤
ҲĤݡ
Щһֱһ룬һϴ룬ǱǼĿӡʯ򿪺ڰ֮ţںڰ統ڰ
ϼ˵ڰ統Уڶ棬ֻǽȥˣме壡
ȻĴ嵱У壬뽻ӡʯرа壬аۼרᣬͲڰĺôȻƻĴƽ⣬ȴߴȥԸа壡
ϣֻҪаۼһаķӡʯ͵ˣʱ壬˵ˣ
Ǹ͵ɣһֱ˵ʲôӡһڰ統еħͨ˵磬ֱǿʶ
˵ˣΰʽļƷ
㳡£ʿȫֹĤ״ע£Ĳһ˿ϣ
߸׼ͨŮսʿߴȥͨ統ɰҲСŮƽҲŰ˾ꡣ
ŵɫףޣѾʦӡסˣϸʹ飬ȫʾţǲ뵱Ʒ׸ǿڹ
ÿһζϣϣ߸ĴŮܹˣ
ޱ˵ʼ׼ʦ
ͺľ˿ѾϵֳľԾ̨ϵ߸СŮҪյɼƷҪǰȥȴǷ֣ԵȻʧ
һ̣ʦȴǷ֣ʩչķûСŮ죬Ӧ˵ǰСŮͲ֪Ӱˡ


1359 Ϲʥ
һ飬ԹۣϾһ²һ£¾ֹѪŷ׶¼ǻܵվסţҲֻˣ
Ǽʦʩչʱ򣬱ѾСߣҽ⿪ǺµȺӿ޵졣
أҪ裬ǵʲô˰
磬ȥ裡϶ң
߸Χš
ǺˣȻƻΰİʽϺȵ
ЩʦԼսʿŭڵĿ㣬ͬҲŭÿһȾһΰʽһĴΣһɱˣһǶʮ׶ǿǺôĵӣ֪֪Щ޸֮С
Ϊˣʲôǵ궼飬ǵң
ã
壬ûþˣ
Ѫ˳һЩսʿŵú
ƻ׼ʽ죬ץ׼ˣ
˭׼˭
㳯źľȥչ˺ǣ
Ҷ̲סŭˣ÷򰡣ٻںεذ
վżٸսʿǵʵߵͲȣиոշɽĵͼսʿҲ֮֮ĸ֣Χ㣬ͼҪץס㡣
һһɱ̽ȡ
תۼ䣬ͬɱһ㣬ɱʮˡ
ûɱһˣΪЩЩ度׶곬һһ
һ׼ЩļһҪɱʮСֱ޷
ɱɱɱ
ʦ죬ʩչץס
ЩʦʩչЩޱȣǰȴǺһ޷ס㡣
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Щʦ嵱ĴڣЩͨеĵλߣȴǱһնɱɾ
ŵð岢ͳĹ壬ȻûаʵȴȻλᵶ
ס֣
㳡ˣ⼸ȴǱ㳡֮еҪǿϲ٣ȻǷС
еİʽ㾹ȻƻɱôսʿȻھİǱУҸһˣ

üҾ֪ҷôϴ󣡡
ģ
İǱУʮʦÿһ̫龳ʵˣͳ̫龳ߣǣ֪ôģ
Щ˶ŵҪ
Ҿ͸һˣ
˵֮ǰɱһˣ
䣬ûܷӦϱͷأʹûС
ɱ˿硣
߸ӻøźľѾ㵽˹㳡ΧȥˣҪȻɱ¾Ҳ֪¶Ӱء
ľߴĴȥİǱɱˣСȻа壡
İǱɭֵ⼸սʿĸ߼սʿڹ㳡ΧЩսʿͬ
Ǵŵ·ȫǺۣЩ磬߼սʿı¡
Щ߼սʿҲ֪֣Ըոնûг֣ǾҪǱóʮڤʦɱ֮
Уʮڤʦ֣޵еĴڣ˵ߣˡ
ǱһɭϢվսʿÿһ˶ʵֲа˵аҪǿĶࡣ
㣡
ڵߴɺаԾʦɣ
ǵ
ʱûߴѾٴǰɽˣ
ô죿졣
Ѿ䵱λƺˣа壬Ҫľǿ죬ɱֲ
Щǣոúľصа壬¡ڤǱҪˡ
漴ֶʮһˡ
ʮڤʦ˵
Ǳʮڤʦԭʮ˵ʵѾܹаˣǣĴ໥ƺ⣬ǶԸа壬壬Ըǣƽ⣡
䵱ɺаѾõĶԹҸ׹ƿƻ˵ǣ䵱ѾȫȻ
㣬ڵ⣬ѾʵͬСɣ֮аۣҪԶԸ
壬ƻʽɱڶսʿ죬Σ㶼Ҫʮͬ
̫ˣһ洫
һۿȥǸƮ꣬û壬⿴ֲ
ˣ
꾹Ȼ嵱еͳ죬⵹мֳԾ֮壬ȴмʵЩ̫龳ʦҪǿϲ٣ʵаۼ֮ϡ
㣬û壬ǲǸе죿ûᡣ
ѾİٶʮˣΪ嶼Ѿĸ࣡
̾ڻĹУҲǵǿߣȻﲻıԵǣֻ֪нڰ磬ֻںڰԡڰпܳɾͲ࣡
Ҫࣿ˵
ֻҪ֮ˣ˭࣬˭ع棿㣬Ҫ߱㲻룬̫αˣ
۸㣬ȻѳɾͲ࣬㵱Σ
ѪĮɢһߵİ
ɰ֮£ʮڤʦоڣǶףΪʲô̾ǻһһͺһ㡣
ʵѵǴ˵еࣿ
ԸһֲִǺڰ磬ôĴڣ
ȵѾ˼Ҫڰ磬ǼȴӣһҪа壬ھͿҪɹˣõаķӡʯ壬ӡ̤ϲ֮·
Ϊһ죬Ѿȴ˼꣬ÿһ꣬Ҫնʮ˸ŮѪסԼĻǣҲҪˣһҪɾͲ࣡
ҪɾͲࣿǾ͵ȵ±Ӱɣ
ȵ˵ҪǼʮӵѪ꣬Ѿŭ޿ŭˡ
˿ʮڤʦȴΧ㣬ڤ󷨣
ʮڤʦһʩչڤһ磬ڤʩչ֮Ϊĵĵȫͼ
ͨͼУ»ᱻתΡ
㣬ڤ󷨵УҰܵ͵ȵƣ㽫ֲϵر㽫ѣ統У
ʮڤʦ˵ƺڤ󷨺аգҪ֪ڤ󷨣ǶԸǿһаۼ練Ƶġ
Ȼȥаǿڤ󷨵УǻǲΪѵʵ
ȻʵǣⱻޱţƵڤ󷨣ȴͥŲ߶ЦҲסۣ
һѪУͬһħȻʮڤʦ
磬һﶼûü㱻ɱڵϡ
ѪȾڤǱ
ʮڤʦʩչڤ󷨣ǱɱһӶûõ
ֻʣ״̬µûзӦһֲԼλϣŭʮ̫龳ڤʦȻĶ֣ţ
Ѿǽ֮ˣϱϹʥҪɱ㣬練ƣ
Ц
ʥ
üͷ΢壬ѾоϹʥȻһֵ֮


1360 ֮ĵ䣡
ȣ˵嵱һλеںһλͬĸֶԾʱⱻ룡
˵еģǰȣжǵ壬ᱻɱ
ֻϧϹʥУĻۻЩ£Ц
ʲô˼
ҲܻŪ׵ģ
Ѫն˹ȥܾȫƴֵȴȻһȸնϣԭ֮Ҳʧ
⣬ôܣܣ㾹ȻܹϱȣеѪҲֻˣ
Ϳʥ𣿡
ЦѪƺҲо䣬ȻȲҪնɱ
ѾȫûκεܹԸˣ㣬㲻ҪɱңҲֻǸһҪ֮˰ˣˣҲˣҴӦ㣬ȥа鷳ôҲȥĿʯ
İٶĸ֣˿ݺᣬҪίжί
ֻ֪һ飡
˵ֻҪ֪ģȫ㣡
֪֮ġ
֪֪ĿЩ˸ǲ˵
˵
Ҳң
ΪΣ
˵㶨Ҫɱң
㲻˵ʱͬһħ񣬱ǻֵ̿壬˼֮ġȴ֪⡮֮ġʱῪ

嵱Ϲһ仰ӡƣ֡
ӡƣ֣ӡǺڰ֮ţ˵
⡮֮ġҽ˾ҩһʦǵʱҲڰ֮Ŵ򿪣Ȼ⡮֮ġһͬڰ磡
㣬˵Ŀɶģ㲻Ҫɱң
ķӡʯ
ʯѹţҪֱȥñǣ
˵һ˿թ
ƿʯһƬϸСĳȴǴ˳ֱ㡣
㣬û뵽ʯ֮£ֲҲ׹ưɣЩ׹ܹٿǣڿʼԶǱūˣ
һŰɫʯʯȴǱһֱߣֳ˼ĺıطأ
˵꣬ʯȴʧתһС
㣡㾹Ȼû׹ƣ
ȥɣ
һն˹ȥֱɢˣɣ̶ȵ׹ܹԸۣ
ӡʯӰʧڤǱ

ɽ֮⣬ߴѾѹ
ʵϣȥԼϻˣ䵱ɵŵܵ˶֪ΪλͻȻҪôҪϹɽа塣
ʦ壬Ѿԭˣ
ţ
˵ͷǼλʦֵʵѾָⳡа֮ܿͻĻˣ
ֻǣȻΪζԸа壬Ҫļ
ܣǻң
ܲң
ǾշԸ£
а֮УаۼλҲаɽ֮ϣȻǿߴɵơ
ߴǸʲôûϢһ죬ܹԸǣôļ𣿡
ն
ͬҲǲ⣬λ˶Ѿˣܸԭô죡
ҵҲѾԭҶҪϵʿ𲻿ɣ
Ѫ˵
кʹҲ˵Ǹɽа˱ض޻أ
ɽˣ
Ǻľ߾ȻżλСѣ
أǲһȥ𣿡
λǲ⣬ȵľ߽Ѫʵأ
ȥڤǱɱˣ˵λСµģǲ㱻׼
ľ˵
ȥڤǱɱˣһλԼʮλڤʦ˵ˣʮλڤʦʩչڤ󷨣ҲԳܰ
аۼҡҡͷȻܵ㡣
ľȴ˵ҵʵҿɴû
Ҫ֪ܹʯģʵʮаۣҲȲϰɣ
ߴɣ
ľһۿ˹ɽһͷߴɵˡ
Ըǵģ
Ѫ˵
ܿ죬ߴɱǳ˹ɽΪ׵Ļ˺ȵձа֮ʱߣ
ϵʿǸԭٶʮ־棬һս֮󣬾ߴɸ𣬻а帲𻹲һأ
ħһն˹ȥһħĵˣ߼λʦֵһֵͬ
λ̫龳ĵʿҼУ
Ц
ǵ֪Ѿǽˣǣ䵱ɵġħ󷨡ȴܹסĽ
˺ȵ
ƫƫţ
ɢ⣬ôǼӴǿȣղƣλʩչħ󷨡ɫâ
᲻°
ӦòɣҪɱ̫龳練ƣ
ǣҿ⡮ħ󷨡Ūúһ
λܽš
ߴɵӵҲΪţ˶Ը֮صľսǶˣôߴɸͿͶˣҪǶӮˣаȴǲ⡣
аۼħ󷨡סѲԻǳ壬Ҳ޷ӳеħ⡮ħ󷨡Ҳ˿ʩչһ
аۼȻϵˡ
Ѫһȥضʱ׸ȥͬʱĴҲȥ
ã⡮ħ󷨡Χ֮⣬ס٣
˶ִħ󷨡УҲ⡮ħ󷨡˿ãǱаʵܶ࣬⡮ħ󷨡ֱӾһ
а嵱гȥаۼ˶һЩϺзһ£ߴɵ˶˹ȥ
ľСŮվںţɵ˺ȵС椺аۿ϶һģɱЩŮҲаҰ֣ɱˣ
СŮҪɱ
ЩɵˣҲɥĲ
ǣ
ϻֺȵʮϻĳԱվںľǰľ˵壬лЩŮһЩͨˣҲһ˺
Щϻˣ֪ǲǳɽæˣھȻҵһңߣ
ħ󷨡ѾѼסҲĵ޷ս״̬ˣҲںľǰ
˵ʦ壬ҿǺľҲǻˣǼСŮʵɰ϶ͨ˲٣ֻǶԸа壬ͷŹǰɣ
ŹľŮˣηŹ
˺ȵ
ЩеһּҲǺȵɱţɱŮˣ𣿡
ЩСŮͰͣ޶ҿ޳ǲ߰꣬ҪЩֲ׶ļһľ˵ǷģҲ˵ģ


1361 ˣ
ߣƾҲ뱣ǣȹܺԼɣЩɵ˶Ц
˭ǸҶľǺϻΪУľĸףҲ֪ģģͲҪ˵
Ҫϻ˶ôС椵ĸִӺε֪
ҲɱɥĲˣ
˻ӻ֣ȫɱһ
ЩɵĵȻ׵壬䵱ɵ˵ûг֣ϾǰûֵǳֵӲͷ
ʦ壬㲻һٴаˣϻмΪУΪΣ˵
ƶɱɱܣſˣ
һƻ˹ȥܱ³Ѫ˵ʦ֣ˣˣ䵱٣
ľɵΧɽãһߣȴһźľ⵶ּ״ҲǳȥȺľȴҲǱ˿һ
壡
ľֵҼ綼Ҫϣ۾ͨ˵߸СŮǶ˵㣬ҪСİ
һĻò䵱ɵĵӴϾĶⳤġ
Ÿʲôɱ
˺ȵȻֻȥһֵؿڣľĿֱ
ϵʿҺƴˣľкճȥ
ǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
˾Ҫһľܺȴֻˣһȣʲôͽ𣿡
ʦ壬ȥ䵱ɾҪаˣ

ƣ˱ķɡ
ʦѾˣ
ǳħˣ
һȣǶ
ľҪľ˿ȴһӳֱӰѻ˵Ƹˡ
㣡
ľԭҪΪһƱ޿ɱܣȴȫû뵽㾹Ȼڴ˿̼ʱ֡
㳯źľͷϱܾˣ
ľһҲûĵϷ˵⻪˷ˣЩŮӶҪɱ
ͷ׹ƣǱ˲ٿأ
׹ưľ
Ѿˣʩ׹ƵѾˣŻʧķ裡ȵ
㣬ãƶҪɱ㣡
˵ƶˣȻȵ
Ȼնһһл˵üģһֻֻСС׹ƳǴüĴ˳
ֱӺȥ
վڹɽۣ֮ѪȻ𣬿Źɽ֮£аҵսһȵ˭ٳһݹֱ۴ɱ䣡
ĻͬףĴ˶С
壬еŵȫ˵ϣûһ˸Υ˿
ε飬ıѾʦ׹ƣԲŻô׷ɱаʿ˵
ԭˣֲã˵ôǱһһ
ٿǣѹֻɳɱϻԱ飡
㣬ǰѻʦɱˣ˵
ûУüĴ׹Ѿұ˳Ժʧķˣ
˵ֻǣȻڣҲԼ컯ɣ
ûй㣬ʦ壬ģߴȫ£ٺа粻ߴɣ
ǣŶ
ЩɵļӼĿѾƵʱ̾Ϳ־Ĺ㣬磬Ҳֻһʱʧķ裬ɱŮ˰㣬㲻ҪԸǣ
ЩȥģǵʱҪɱľģЦһһն˹ȥ
ǰʮȫն
ɱϣɱ顣
ˣɱ¾ֶΣȴȻû˷УľҲ΢΢ϾҲ֪ΪɱǰЩ˵ġ
һֱӵаۺԣ˿̣༸䵱ɵ˶Ѿվһԣ˵Ǽ˱ʩչġħ󷨡ס˿ȫѾ鲻ˣûʮ£޷ָģ
˴˿̶ĺܣ¾һͨðѲ˵׿⼸аպ
ȣ㣬ˣ˵
Ҫ˵
λ˴˿ֻ˫ָǿҵɫâЩɫâѸڼϣ漣һĻˡ
˵ڿٸԭţǶʵȻôǿȻݽߵ˿̣ȻѾԭ˴롣
ˣ
˫ְ£ЩϹⶼȻʧ
棡㣬ڶξңѪм
εôŪЩ̫а嵱в˶ɱˣ
˵
㣬˵Ҫ˵ĶѾ˵ˣҪΪıɱҲûа취
߹˵аۣߴɸŶѾˣ˿̱˳ɽֻҪа岻Ϊ֮£䵱ɾ֮ΪУ
ãܣԿҼҲŵֻҪʿϾɱаǱȻɳƻֻͨģ
㣬ˣϣ䵱ҶϤ̣
ܹ˵ߴɱɽˡ
빬УľҲСŮһס¡
㣬߸СŮô£
˵
ɳĺ£иʽÿҪ׼ŮɰǾ£
޶
ûˣԺˣ
㵭˵
ʲô˼ѵ
ʮʲôʦɱˣͷ
ʮڤʦʩչڤ󷨣㶼ƵпŰϹʥţ㣬㵽жǿ
˵Ҳĳ͡
㵹ûпڣжǿȻ޷֪ҲǸоǺڰ統УһŸΪǿĴڣϾϹʥѾ̺һ֮ʵ൱Ļ˵ͲǶԷĶˡ
򣬿Ҳǿ֡
ľ˿ҲǴӷ˹ЩСӶ˯ȥˣһ£Ƕ츮һСѧĺӣ㣬ǿôСҪôѪȵ磡
ʧ֪ǸǼô̵һĻǵǱͬ˸ӼǿϾǼǿĻˣңϱôǿıǣҵţǻǸܵģ
˵
ľͷѾ˵ʲôҵŮˡϱ֮Ļߵˣ㲻˵ЩĻǲŽ
㿴Ǻóķӡʯ
˵õķӡʯҪʯҲûʲôô
ҪҸҲֹҪһ飬ĴķӡʯȫҪõ֣𣿡
ƿڰ֮ţ͡


1362 
֮ġֻںڰ֮ŵķӡ⿪֮󣬲Żֻ֣취ˣ
˵
У
аۼҡҡͷ㣬Ҳ㣬ֻúڰħͨ˵ģ¾Ǵ磬Ҳ޵еĴڣʱ綼Ҫٻģ
Ҳðգ
а취ֹһУ˵
ʲô취
ֻҪҾˣ
˵ƷУŵùǣҰ㣬аķӡʯ㣬ֻʯҲǶȻ򲻿ӡأ壬ǲô˵Ķģ
а壬Ǿ˼ݶ飬ҲȻ㣬˵ˣҪӲҲֻаķݰ
һȥõģ˵
Ҵ·ɣ壬ҺĹϵǲȻӡʯ¹شҲ֤ܹӦ
ӦҲôӦ˵
㣬Ҳȥľ˵
УչǼСŮõ֮ģǻ츮У
ͺľ֮󣬱Ǻа۳ŹɽһȥʱܼΪ֪Ҫһ̻ص츮УϧΪһ̵ĵġ
ĹϹĴ壬壬а壬Լ壡
߱˵óΪǲٿһЩޣǳǿ󣬲һܹ壬ҪԸ壬Ҳǲܵģ
ͷܲ䣬ò
һƬԭԭ֮ϣŲ˶ȭһ̬
ˣ޶ۣǹִһ϶飬ı䣬ȣڵͳ죬ܴ򿪺ڰ֮ŵ飡
˵嶼Ҫа֮ٽ壡
أ
ˣ棬Ƚɣ
˶ǲ¾¶վڻԭ֮ϵģŮ˶ˣ̹¶飬޷⣬ЩŮ˵ǳò̫ÿڵƤ°ϻк룬¾ȫߵϣһҲᶯһаģ
Ĵ֮ϣһ庺ӾȻֱӱһũŮܵˣԾǣ
ϰףǲǾЩŮˣǲµģ
͵Ϊ׷ǣֻн˵Ůˣܴ·Ȼ֮󣬾Ͳڴ߶ˣ
찡
̫ˣ
ûнŮˣֻڴϣңˣһŮˣֱӱߣҲܱϲ
ʵҪأ
飿ûģһ飬ĭ
飬ü򵥷ǳЦ
û߶Զȴǿһ޴̨̨ľ׮ɣΧвŮΧۡ
ǣʵ
ͦã峤Ůѡ˵ѡʽ
ʲô˼˵Ůˣڴϱ˱ߵ𣡡
ֻͨŮˣ峤ŮλߣֻǿˣȢȻҲǿԵģ˵
֮ԱǣˣῴŮ˰ɣ
ǣʱ֪ˣҪ治׸壬ҶҪȥˣ
˰ʱ̨֮϶һЩЩף䣬ˣ̨ΧŮˡ
峤Ůǳǣҿ꣬Ϊ˵Ƚ죬һӮã
ҲǣˣܹȢ峤ŮΪҫ
ǶһȥɣĪС÷ңҵΪѾξ磬Ҵһ׻ƽսףսңЩҷϻǹһȥɣ
裬̫ĪѹͲϲ㣡
ߣֵ̨̫ԣδ̨֮£Ȼ
˵ҲϴΰݷʱĪһ棬Ϊˣ
㵹ǶŮûκ뷨üЩ⡣
ܿ죬дվģһ΢ʵˣ˺֣һ峤һŮˣһŮˣ𺳵Ĳ˲۾˵ĹȻûд峤ŮĪ򳤵൱Ҳʮִ䣬ķǳйǸУϴǳǳЦݣ˲ȥһڡ
̨֮ϣ½Ҫһҡҡͷ
ȻĪкˣܹȢĪ򣬾൱Ԥһε峤λã˵
ʱ峤ߵ̨֮ϣɨһ̨£Ŀڼͣʮ룬˵аۣҲμ̨׵ģ
ҡͷҪǲ׸ĻҾͲμӣ
ǣǲܵģֻҪȢŮֻܸ嵱峤ˣһΪ㵱濴Ůˣ뷨ˣҪˣ
峤Ц
Ǹղ̨˿̨׵ţ˵һУĶ֣ҲǴСϲĪֻĪûһȤ
Īϴһ˿ãƺܲⳡ̨׾У峤˵ŮҲϲҵһԼϲкӣ棬޸һǿߣ
Ī΢΢ͷȴ޾Σ˭˶ܼޣǲܼ޸裡
仰ͬţȴֻͼˣ˵ﵹǺް
ûֻǲ޸裬˵νͷ
ĪŮӣϹأ̨ףŮһҪǸǿ߲ܽͳΰ帴ˣ峤˵
˶Ĺơ
̨֮ϣʱΪޣʱ֮˭ǻվ̨֮ϣĪŮңĪӦκԸ
ϣ
Ҳȥ
սʿ̨һԾ
˶𾳽ߣ˾һҪǿǾܴ󣬿һȭ£ܹǧ壬ȴܹǧߡ
ͬȾ£ˣȻҪͨǿϲ١
˶ԵУֳܿʤһ˵̨֮ǳȥǰˣм˵ȥҪ߹ǣ
裬㣡
ŭȴǷȻȭ˺ϲȭ壬ҲǿԿȭЩġ
飡
һȭɾİѶԷ
һˣֶνһҲǶ˼߹ǡ
̨֮ϣѾû˸ˡ
Ͼ̨֮ϣֻʮ˲ȥʮµˣ
˸峤ˣҪʵûеĻֱӮ˵ˣ̨ҲǵȵΪడ
˵
ĪȴҧŴֹ
裬ȷһǿ֮ˣӭȢŮҵû˵
峤˵Ů˼Ҳ޹˼ɵļ˵û˼̨սôҾˣ
˭˵ģֵܣҪȥаۼȴͻȻ˵


1363 ʯ
˵꣬˱һȻǻûע⼧ߵ㣬ĪҲǳ㿴ȥ˳õ峺費֪˶ٱҪ֪ĪҪԭ򣬾ڼǰҪǿĪֻδܵóѰˡ
˭峤˵
㣬һλ̨֣ˣ֪ǿ϶ٱ˵
ʲôǿٱаۣаһ֣Ҿ㣬㲻˿ң軹ôأ˵
ļ㣬ȥɣֵҲֻܰﵽˣ
һԾվ̨ɢһֵָʣʣ峤Ϊ𾪣ĪҲǶ࿴ۡ
ʵϣһʼ̨£Ǵ̨ԭֻҪܹӮʤô峤һԸԸʣķӡʯĪȨõӡʯƷˣҪˣ֪еŮ񣬱Ʒ¶Ҫһˡ
㵹û뵽ʱ򣬼˵ǰ㻰Ҳãܹ뵱Ȼİϻˡ
üͷһ壬Ȼ㲻öԸСӣʲôģž֮
Ϊϴ׻ƽսܹž֮йûоž֮ǻã񷽲żǰֱŰɱȾžҪߵĻô軹׼ڶ׷
ʵǣʵˡ
ճȭһӣ߹Ǳ㱻˲಻軹֪ô¡
㣡
ĿԼϵĻƽսȫˣðŭ⣬㣬ô쵽ģ
ȭͷ˻Լȭͷ
û˿ոյĶĶ̫ˣ绹Ҫ죬峤Īаۼ޷壬Īҡҡͷѵۻˣ
ܣս׾峤ٻˣôܻٻѵ峤Ҫǿ
㵹ûлشĻ㵹Ӳͷ߹ǣȥ
Ҫɱ㣡
һȵȫź⣬һȭֻǿϧӰӶ㱻һźݺݵ̨ˤ˸ʺ
̨Ϊ費̨˶裬Ҳн죬㲻Ǻק𣿻˵Īһģû׾Ͱˣ
㣬սʤ裬Ҳ˸̨ԾˣСӣӮյʤ㽫ӭȢҵŮ
峤˵Ӧ֪صİɣ㣿
ͷ峤ڸȤ֪ʲôԸ
峤Щ̫ӦˣʲôԸֻҪĪеģȫ㣡
ãˬ죬峤Ҿϲֺˬ֮ˣ
۾ҪҲʲôöòϵķӡʯ
ʲô
˵ʲôҪӡʯĪһ𾪡
㲻˵ʲô𣿡
ǣ⣬ӡʯҲûɶôңй涨ӡʯܸˣĪ˵
峤ⲻǵȫǰ𣿡
ʼ磬ֻҪӡʯ㶼ҪҪЩʲô챦㲻Ǹ᲻ˣ
̨µҲ˵ĻЩϾ峤ȳŵõġ
Īпԣ֪һھҪ˵˵˵Ĵ嵱еķӡʯǷ㴫ˣ
ȴҡͷ峤Ҫ֪ӡʯֻĿһʱ򣬲ܴ򿪺ڰ֮ţõҲûʲôôӡʯȴЧҲֻҪΪҲ˵أ
οһҪĿӡʯԸ񣬸ǲܰѷӡʯ㣡
ѣȻ
Ī˵ӡʯǸ㱣ҲûϵԺ󶼻ᴫģ
˿̵ĪҲ˵͸ɣ
ôڵ¶Цˣɻɣ
Ī̸Ϻϲ㣬ٱǧ򱶣Ա֮£Ҫߴˡ
ĪóӡʯӹĪ˵㰡ӡʯҪܺðˣ»д鷳ģ
ǆ£
΢̾ǽӹǷӡʯ
Ѵ֮ʯõ֣㵹ǺУ˵ͷԹȻͼ˵һִ򵥣ΪŮҸȻͼĻ
õӡʯʱĬ˵峤Һ㻹Ҫȥһˣĸ
ԭҲ˰ͬΪĴ壬Ĺϵһ㣬
Īܿ˵㣬㸸ĸɽڣҡҡͷ
ĪҲû׷ȥˣͼҪ뿪̨̨֮£ȴһˣȴǴδ㣬ˣҿɰԴе
һ˵꣬Īü㣬˵Ŀģ
ͼһۣȻ֪ʲô״֮ززˣ
ĪӰҲʧ׷ȥ
ͼ·ʱѾڸ˵ϢĪ޷׷˵䡣
˵գĪǸӣҪ׷ϣ²ݰ
ܲãֻҪõķӡʯôڰ֮žܴˣ˵
ԸҵΣķ
ĺˣ
ͷ
岿嵹ҲԶû߶ãǿһƬţȺЩϬţޣܱ˲ٿأ
嶼ܲٿޣ岿峤ͻʸһֻ޻һ𣬾Ҷֱӵ£
˵
岿˻ƣˣûж˵ʲô˻ǷҪѰ·ˡ
ЩƽǺƣʿȴǿĺܣ
˵ꡣ
һϬţʿ˹ˣΪ£
а壡
а壿˭
Ҫ֪ȥͻʣ˵
ôſھҪǵ峤ƾʲôأ
Щʿˬ
ƾľ
һȭȥֱӴһˣ˱򵹺ʿȻµϬţ
ЩϬţͬҪײǽһײ
飡
쵶ն飬һӣЩʿȫˣЩϬţҲ̯ڵϡ
汩
ʼ硣
ź㸲ʱҲڳĻҲŻῴʲôı
Ц˱ǳͻʵסȥ
ȻֻΣȴᳵ·һ㣬ܿ͵ͻʵס
岿Ĵ󷽣һƬ֡
ֵУ޵ĽΪ쳹ģȴϣſ˫ᣬĴˣ׼ȷ˵޻
峤ͻʵޡ


1364 
ѱ֣ÿһʿڳ֮󣬶ѱֵҵԼޣ˵
㵹Ƕ֮²Ȥ˵ͻ
޻ﶼѱУͻһҲ棡˵

ѱ֣޶ԭ˻ǶǾרҵѵޣ׹ˡ
ոշӥңߣȻ˼ؾǰɣ
һ˼Ϸһֻɫӥ˵
ѱֵˣҺϴλͻʺȹƣô
˵
аۣ
˼ͷЩȵĵͷа嵹ûжϸʱҲô׺ɣѵͺ۸
ֻǸǳ԰ˣ̫īˣҪºͻ̣˵㣬£˵
ͻڲͣ
Ϊʲô
ոû޻ĽͻΪĽŬ
Ҳȥ˵
У޽ףֻ˿վԣĻ޻ΣУʱʧܣǾźˣ
Ҫ׶ãʵ
Ϊ죡
ҡҡͷûôʱ䣬ھҪͻʣ
˵˲оǲУаۣûʸȥ
ÿȵ
ȴǲãϵĺӥҲǳ˻ţһ䣬ǾͱҲˣ
㵹ûѶ󾢣ѱֵʵǿһžͱ߷ɳȥ
һţֱѱֵĺ䶯
Щ޼ֵ˱ڵأȻǳǶ
ɱɱЩޣĻͻʻ᲻˵ģ
ҿɲϲŰ󣡡
һϹ⣬ȻӳϹ֮£ЩͻȻ쳣˳
վڱϷ㶣һΪɱǣû뵽㻹У
߰ɣ
˵˳ȥոΧǼһֻôǲͻʵģֻˣ
Ȼǣ޵Ľ׷ǳĸӣֻҲѱתһȦˣ˵
ѱˮˮ֣һﾹȻٲٲΧǻ棬ɽôˮ̶֮ϡ
ˮ̶֮ϣҲȫǻ档
ǻ̶ҲǻϢĵطܻ㹻˵
ˮ̶ϣվһλߣλߣҲ룬ͻˡ
ͻ֪ˣȴûгΪ֪ǻ׵Ĺؼʱ̡
¡¡
һ𶯣̶оȻ˾ҵˮһֻˮ̶֮ƾճϣ޻ɵٲߵʱٲ
˷
ͼԽԽͻʴ˿϶麹һδε׹䣬һδεĳҲǽ֣аۣ㲻֪ڹӰ׵𣿡
ǻνʧܣƲǣ
ȴʵҪ׹ٴΣܽ׳ɹ
Ľޣǳ׵ıԵһҪ׹ʮŴΣܽ׳ɹν
ÿһ׹䣬ﶼĺܴһֵҲˣ̶׳ʱ䣬ԽԽˣ
Ѿٴˣ
ʮΣ
ҡҡͷǰʮΣ
ҽʲôаۣѣ
ͷ㣬㣬Ҳе飡
ߣѣͰϳȥˣȻ
ֻڵѾ̫࣬ȻڸͲʺȥ׵ģͻȴҪ£ȵ컹ѡ
һ޻ڳڶʮεʱ򣬾ѾƣˣÿһΣҪķ̫ʱ䡣
ڵڶʮ˴εʱ˶ûм
⣡ʧ𣡡ͻ˵
ֻʣ΢Ϣ㵭˵
ʲô
ͻһȣ˶ֱԾ̶У̶װѻﱧ˿̵Ļ￴ȥѾûκλ棬ҲǼ΢ġ
㲻£СҳҲµģͻ˵
ˣҪϰٷ֮ʮΣûе׵ʱȴҪ£ֲñˣ
˵
˵ʲôýѵңҪ֣˻Ľףôܻʧܣ
ͻʺȵҪɱǣ
ס֣ͻʣô֪嶼㸲𣿡
ʲô帲ˣһˣˣͻʾȡ
ϻҪǾҪȥԸ㣬ҵ뿴ôģ
ͻ󣬶ҶˣϾаۼĻЩġ
ɣҾͰȻɣҲǴỹһ飡
㵭˵һϹشĻķ׭аۼѾüμ֤׭漣
һҲû⣬ֻ»ܿչ߷ˡ
ͻʼۿͨ죬Ǽ֪˵ʲôˡ
ԺúöĻɣֽ׵飬ûѭ򽥽Ϊɣ˵
㣬治֪θл㣬ҵӣ˵ûԭ޵У׿ԽģұΪڴ˿ǿͻ׵޵ģȴû뵽ͺڳĻңҶ֪ôˣ
ͻ˵һ峤ȻΪİޣ˵ίĻɼ޵ĸ֮ˡ
ˣո˵ǻ飬ʲôң
ֻҪӡʯһã˵
ӡʯҪڰ֮ţ
ͻʴ󺧣һۼߵͷֹҵģķӡʯѾˣ
ֻһˣ
ͻʸǾȣֲãḲ壬ԭ򣿡
ͻʣӦ֪ĶУǵİʽŭ㣬Ŷʹɱֵģ
˵
ȷĴ嵱Ұһ壬ҲǶҪ彻ӡʯǣҵûʲô飬ֻǣ⿪ڰ֮¹شһڰ統еħ統УôǼΪ־ģ
ͻ˵Ҫͨ磬ٵˣңǧˣ
˵һжᷢģҵĿģõ֮ġǽῴݣ
˵
Ҳ˵ͻʣλ֢ڵϦҪá֮ġȥ˵ģңʵɲ⣬˵а취ֹڰħͨģ
ͻȴҡҡͷ㣬Ҳ㣬ӡʯȴǲϣ
ʵ
ѱֺɽȵУ
Ϊʲô
㣬֪Ǳ˷ӡʯΪ˱ڰ֮ٶȿǰѷӡʯؽ˺ɽȣɽȵУһֻޣֻޣҲػ֮񣡡
ޣ졣


1365 ѣ
ޣðŻ⣬ԣȺúȾƳ⣬񱩣ҵĻüζŵòҸȣͻ˵
ʲôȼģʵ
ͻʵЩ֣ʲôѵ㲻𣿲뵽ʵǵͷ˵ͼȻͨˣޣҵĻȻ󣬱ޣ⾳ǿˣޣ֮ĵȼҾͲˣΪҲֻʶѣ
ǷӡʯǱѿţʵ
ͻʵͷ
ȥ
Ҫȥǲʵ㲻ȥ
ǸͻЩҪһ˽ȥɣ
ͷһ˽ȥڵ㡣
аۣ㻹Ǵ񱩵ĺܣֲǱˣҪŭˣǲã
ϻһֻޣҾѾ򲻹ˣοޣȻŰ㣬Ҳȥ
֮ʵһܹģ㣬һҪõǷӡʯ˵棡
ͻ˵ҲܹңȻҵĻҲȷʵѷӡʯˣܲõҲֻܿ컯ˣ
㵹ǲ˻ᵣ棬ɽȵУѾܵѵϢѵʵȷڵΪǿģ˲֪ٱû߼ɽ֮бǿʼ
Сӣ㲢֮ˣһ񱩵
һֻȻǰͻĲ࣬˫ţл˵Ҳ˵Ϊܸˡ
˵оӣǵѣ㲻ʵ
Ѿѣʥûйϵ㵽ǺˣһɺǿϢҸܸܣϾȻӡʯҪһӡʯٺڰ֮ŵ𣿡ʵ
ͷ̹Ȼͣ
Сӣ㵹൱ţҲֻһˣΪᣬͻᱻ븹У
۵ΪûȫָҪԸ㣬練Ƶģ˵
𣡡
ѺȵҲѾܾûгˣһҪúƷƷ
¡һ
Щ棬֪ǿ󣬱˵ϣаۼֽϣֱսģЩյϣȴûһ˿ʹ
Щ浱Уһ˿Ц⣬ڵĺܡ
ܣôһ˵ĺۼûУ
õǿûǿ࣬Ȼצӷޱȣ޼᲻ݣ˺١
ȴһȭѵĶϣһ˻ȴǵ˵ϡ
ɽȶѵĵظŪľ
㣬ôôǿ󣡡˵
ѷӡʯɣôɰ˵ʵҶĳ֣
˵
һתɽȵѾջӡʯˣܴӦһӡʯҲգ
˵
޳ȥʶʶ棡˵
ôӴҴȥǻ𣿡

ǿСģ͵ģ
˵ֱ֮СģЩС˵Сˣе񡮹ʿ桯
ʹҳȥɣϸܵһǿߵ֪Ҹ㣬һԿģ˵
Ȼʵ˵㣬ϾҲǵϵޣΪӡʯԺ͸ҰɣûбҪʱͱ̬УҪڵ˵ʵ뽻ң˵
˵ҺôҲֻޣһĲֵͷ޶ֵǮˣ
²ãʯ˵
ѱǴ³һɫӡʯ
ȻЩģ㻹ǽӹӡʯĿӡʯѾȫˡ
ֻƿӡ
أ㵽ȥķӡʯƭŮĸ飬Ʋʹƭӣ
峤Īһ·׷ͼ׷
Īͻʺͼɽȣͻʺͼ㰲ȻվĿӡʯһǶʵأ
ĪЦƭޣǶأֻһֻСˣǲֻСǹƨްɣ
϶˵ʲôأ
СһȵоȻлҪĪȰôСһֻ˵
ǹѣ
Īյֱӱ˺ˣ⻹ѿ˻ǿȣĻĪ¶Ҫˡ
ţôˣޣΪͻʻֵ̿
ͻʣӡʯѾˣػʯʹҲѾ󣬱ޣ㣬ҵˣ
ʲô㵱ˣͻʸǾȡ
Ҳҡҡͷ֪Ҿͽôշ޵ˣ
Ȼ˸ģСѣ˵ǲǣ
һ࣬ȻΪոһȭڻ
ճɺ˵ĪʱҲ˵㣬ƭŮô㰡Ҫһֱ壬ӡʯһҾͲƽˣ
Ī޶շˣﻹ֪ʵжǿôһλǿߵĪˣ֮
׸ҿ϶ǲеģҪŮԸҵĻȰɣ˵һ죬һصȥģ
˵
վһԣ㣬ֻܹ˵ڣʥ
Ī˵ǿڵˣĿӡʯˣҪƿڰ֮ˣ
Ŀӡʯƴһ𣬱ܴ򿪺ڰ֮ţ
˵
ĪͻʶȰ㣬һҪֹЩħͨ˵磬Ļ罫ᱻݻ٣
ͷĿӡʯȻƴһ
䡯һ
ĵ濪ʼѿˣѷԽԽ󣬶˿̣Ҳȫʧȡ֮޾ĺڰ
ڰ֮ţҪˣӴ󣡡
޴ķ˷˹ĪͻʣȽ߶Щ޷ֵ
֪ڰ֮Ҫ򿪣Ҫôǿ˲С
ڰ֮ѵڵصף˵
ص֮УһâҲΧΨһһߡ
âڼϣ·дʹĵ
ʹ
ҵȿԳܵģ
ĪԼͻʾȻâ
ҲΪܣˣǺڰ統еĺڰ֮⣬Ϊһˣ޷Ӧڰ֮⣡
Щڰ֮ԡϣȴǱΪڰ֮⵱УĽʡ
Ҳ֪жû˴֮ߵˡ

ѿԽ󣬹âԽǿص׿ʼ˻ǲħҪڰ֮ţִڵ硣
ڰ֮ڿˣ˵


1366 ַ
𣡡ݣأ˻˻
ص׵ѷ쿪Ѿ㹻һ˴ӵֱȥˣ洫ֲֿǺ־
ѾصħӰţƺҪĳӵص׳
ڰ֮Уһɫâӵص׳֣һ俪ļѤõĻ䣬ĳ֣Ҳʹõص׳Ƭ̵
֮ģ
һ죬һϹ֣Ƕ׻㱻ֱߡ
׻ʧصͬûκһ㣬¡һص׶ڱҵը
ЩҪӵصһͷðӰԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽˣҪܵ
Ҫˣѿ־
֮ıѹص׵ЩħĴڣ֮ıˣʧǶҪˣ
㵭˵ĿӡʯҲٴߣǿϧʯʧǵص׵Ȼʣ޼
ˣڰ֮Ѿױˣֻа֮ķŻȥпܹرպڰ֮ţ
ҡҡͷҵĿıõ֮ģȻӡʯʧ޷رպڰ֮ţҲֻǿرˣ
˫ȻһץһץУȻǵص׵ѷ˹ȥһϹǺڰ֮ţЩ־ȻԽԽ󣬵ǵص׵ѷȴԽԽС
˿־壬ˣ㾹Ȼٴηӡڰ֮ţѾȵ
󣬵ص׵ѷϣЩ־嵽µҲʧĶͷҲ˿˿ˮղſ׵Ľڰ֮¹ˣʵϣþȫȫɼҪرڰ֮žжѡоȻҪҶоЩ
ڰ֮¹رգεļҲ˹Īͻʶʲô飬ȴ˵֮Ѿ֣Ŀӡʯǿȥˣ
Щħû𣿡
ûУٴηӡ˺ڰ֮ţ˵
ͻ˵Ķ൱εģҪ֪ѿ϶ޣȴˣʹͻʶ֪˶ٸˡ
ͬһ𾪣߳˵㣬Ѿ㸲𣬶κڰ֮ŵĴ򿪣Ҳ֪ӡʯҲȫȻã磬ĿӡʯұܰɣԺõŵĵط
а˵ûӡʯ嵱ҲǸҲʺϱӡʯˣ
Ҳû˶˵
㵹ûѣոձǺڰ֣֮ڰԼǰʲôƵϵңոЩڰ統еħȷʵǿÿһϵĸҪǿĶ࣬¾ѶЩħĶ֣ҲʶЩڰ
㣬Ը߰ɣͻ˵
㣬㲻׸ҲûϵҪŮĪһֱ㣬ô峤Ī
Ƕס㣬ȴļļ˵㲻Ҳôɣ
Ȼᣬа嵱еĴһֱ˼ҪǲĻԿǿǣЦ
Īͻʸ֮󣬱Ǻͼȥа塣
㣬˵ʲôʱ
ĺŶζˣ
㣬Ǹ𣿡
߸СΧźľվڹɽ֮ϣǶǵȴ㿭ġ
ľǵԴ˵ܿͻˣǷĺ
۾һֱԶڴ
ӰԶתۼӹɽ˱ͼ˺ܿ㵽˺ľǰľָϵ˵㲻ȥ𣿻ֻﹷ
һﹷһ
ʲôְֿɰģ
ľѣȻܲϲΪǹǰĺľһһĴŮӣҲǰˬһѡ
Сɫɫˡ
Сɫɫ
ľ˵ĳﹷǿֶ
ҲǴ㣬ˣ㵽ʲô˼ܸ𣿡
Сɫɫ㲻ϲֶ𣿡
ľһ
㴫ѣŮ˷ص㣬Ժһֻĸֵģ
վһԷ㶣ѺͺľмСŮһƬҲǷ㻹б¡
֮Ѿõˣ²˳٣ھͻ츮˵
Ҫȥˣüûмְˣ߸Ů⡣
㣬һ·أʱǵɽ
ţ
˸䵱ɽһӰֳǡӥɫЩļ㣬֮ĵˣôɽˣ
ͷ仰Ӧ㣬ô䵱ɽˣ
СģİΣ
˵ּ⼸ûʲôɣ
µûУǰȴǴԭǻּأСȴֽ㣬һˣ
ӥ˵
ܣãҸ츮еĵݣһսУҲȫܸ˼ǾԻұģ
˵Ҳ츮УϧΣˣӥڵʱܻȥ뿪ˣǿ϶жģ
츮УΪܵıϧ츮жĿڶ࣬ܲ鲻
⣡
ӥ˵Ǽ̻ȥ㣬һһ鷳
ʲô
˾ͽʣµѾȫɱˣ
ӥ赭д˵ľ΢΢һǰ֧ڰӶžͱӥһֽˣ˵жǿ
ȴ֮һ˵ţȱ˵ˣǿȥɣ

츮С
ڡӥߺּȴһУЩܵĿĲΪģҪסּҵϧ
ЩܶߣڷһսУɱ˰ߣЩߵУһ˲ɽĳԱ
ȻɽҲǴܵԷɻô˵ģɽ鵱ڶߵܣ˵а屻ΪĹа֯Ļôɽ統ӵĴڡ
ɽӰǼΪǿģûκǵġ
ɽΪ˶Ը㣬ǲ˼ʮ߼Ǳ츮УĿľץص̫С
ȴû뵽㾹Ȼ᲻츮Уͨȴ֪İŮϧȻ츮ڡ
ץϧв㣬ɽĲԡ
ӥȴҲĪ⣬ҲֻּұϲҪԭ
ӥ֧Ѿȥ䵱ɽϧѾûκĸ֣ȥץϧ練ƣ
˸ѽ·ôѵĻᣬֻҪץϧضʱһҪӵ̷㣡
ߺߣϧҲǻĹһŮ鳤ˣһõģǿ˭Ҫ
˵ļǣһᱻǴܵ۹ɱģҪΪȥ߱𣡡
ͷͶ֣


1367 Ӧˣ
ע⼸ûоκβҪõ̫࣬ҲʹһڣȥҸĶ࣬ڴвǣһֱϧ㣬ȴΪ˸ҡ֮ġȥ䵱ɽΪҲǾΡ
÷ֻ⼸Ҳǰֲ٣Ȼϧĸӻǳ̬ȣǻ֪Ҫȫ֣ϾܹסϧĹԢȫҽԺ̬ȡ
Ĳ˳ʺ˶ϧĸӵĺѻ꣬⼸ڹԢЩĦȻҲҵϧĸʹɫҲ˵ʱĸ
ðǿ鲣㿴Ҳ̫ɾˣ治֪ݵŮˣүΪʲôôϲӴˣŮҲһݵҪ
÷ĸˡ
ĸίȴǲϾ⼸ίѾ಻ˡ
ĸ÷νĸɾˮĲֲ÷ͱ˵Ӵãô˵Ĳ԰㻹ˣǲǾҺҶסŮңһ֮ǲǾҪ㰡
㣬ˣĸҡҡͷ
ˣһࣿΪҲ֪ĸӵּǸģϷּҲģװˣҪĸӣүô𣿻ǲʡرŮϧ카ĵģ꾫һ治֪ôôģ
÷ǰʱҪͶֻ㵽ȥı飬һӵĿˮҵйˣҪӰѾ
㣬˵Ҿ˵ңҪϧϣǸŮ
ĸ˵㣬÷ƽʱɳӰˣֻûϾҲ֪÷Ϊ˵ģôϧǿȥˡ
Ӵ㻹ôϧһǺ꾫˵ĺ꾫÷
㣬˵һ飿
ԭ췸죬ҽԺĸ÷ֻ˽ı֣Ϊ˽ʹǰǣȴû뵽⼸˱Ȼĸĺܣʵ˽£ȴǸĸɫΪ˼ͥΪ壬ĸȴ벻÷Ȼ֡
ĸĮеĨ߬
ôţ㻹Ҳɣ
÷˵ģֱ˲ýŲžͲˬĸо
ĸǸĻˣҲԸɲýŲȱ˵Ķ߬ĨȻ÷ɴ÷ϡ
Ĩ˴Ҳ˹ӵģ۹ܶ࣬÷𺳣ȫû뵽һ˳׸ĸɳ㶯ĨһߣĨĨŭڵϺ꾫Ȼңҽ첻죬Ͳ÷
÷һƾҪ˦ȥȴǱĸ㿪ˣ㻹Ҷ㣬Ҵȥ
裡ʲô
ϧ¥һĻæĸһֱץס÷ŭ㿴ҵ˵ʲô
۸裬̣㵽ڰְ岻ã㻹ҪǼҸļȮ𣿡
ϧ˵
ʲôȮûˣĨ˦ϣѵ𣿡
ŮˣҪ۸裬⣿
ϧץ÷ûɿ
ֻҲϧʲô˼
Ҫʲôϧȵ
裬Ҷ˵ĸӲúסŵģߣһԼˣֻ
ϧҪǳˣְֻ¥˯ãĸȰϧ֡
ϧȴҡͷŮ̫ˣڴＸ죬׼ɳʲô
֪߳ܵŮˣô裬Ʋ㣡
ֻҿ˿һɨҪϧȥ˿̣ȴһĮ죬ʲô
֣
ү
ͬʱ⿴ȥǶû뵽¥˯˿
ֱӳֻһһֱ˹ȥԵɶûʣ׶¥䶼
ҽԺôӦҵģڲż죿ͱԭˣ
ִַһƣָ÷㣬һΪĸĹˣû뵽ǶϧĸŮסϧϧûеǣǾȻ˼ǵǲˣ
ү꾫Ĩģ㿴
ˣûд÷ŮˣôԣҲš
÷Ҳ㳶죬Ҳ֪ܻãھͰһЩĸҲһǮֲģУ÷ӽ쿪ʼҺ㽫Ƿ޹ϵҪ飡ȵ
ү˵ʲôҪ飿÷
֣ʲôҪ飬ǼʮޣȻҪֵ飿ֻ˵
ĸҲЩˣҲȰү㲻ҪΪ˺ӣҲ飡
ûĶӣֻϧһŮ
˵ǸҹԶҪң
ү֪ˣ㲻Ҫ飬֪ˣֻ֣
÷ּĶҪˡ
ȴһ÷Ҹո˵ĻıˣҸ
÷ƿҲǷ죬㲻Ҳ壬Ժ͸Űɣӣߣ͵ûְ֣
ֻ÷Ҳ˵ϧĸŮбӦģǻĺܲҵģ
˸߳ţ죬ϧĸŮ¥¡ʹ¥´ĽŲʬ屻ֱӶ¥ĴС
ĺܲңĿȫǣǱһֱģֻܿӵɴǸոճȥֻ÷û뵽һȥߣѾּҵУϧ˶ɱۡ
㣬Сĸ
Ҳһ𾪣û뵽˾ȻǰǰЩߣȻǳּġ
ϧȻúƯǺǣһĸ߼Ц
ʲô
ϧЩڽСӥȥ䵱ɽĻЩܸͲӥĶ֣÷ֻҲ
ԼΣգ裬ҲΣա
ʲôǼŮ˴ｻˣ
ϧûа취߼߲Ѵ֮ǿסϧֱӰߡ
ϧ
Ů
ĸϧץߣȴ޿κΣŭ𣬡ЩܣʲôͳΪʲôҪԸŮ
֧֧Ҫ־͹ɱɽĳԱŮͲɽǣ˵
ҪҪɱǣ
ɱãһڣҪȻ˭֪ͨ㣿
ɱ˭أ
Щ߾ȻҪɱ컹ĸ
ɱҰɣҲˣ
ɱңĸ˵
𳳣֧Ҫҫİ𣿡
һ߼ߺȵҪ˵ʲôʱ¥ȴ˲һӰֻһɲǱǳЩǰӥ
Ȼɱˣ
ӥɫ
ӥǣȥ׷ϧһЩץˣ
Ѿȥ׷ЩˣͽҰɣ
ӥдźɱ⡣


1368 ǵ
һ߼ߺȵҪ˵ʲôʱ¥ȴ˲һӰֻһɲǱǳЩǰӥ
Ȼɱˣ
ӥɫ
ӥǣȥ׷ϧһЩץˣ
Ѿȥ׷ЩˣͽҰɣ
ӥдźɱ⡣
ЩȻǺӥʵȴҲ֪츮мǿĴڣȻЩǣȴû̫ں¡ӥ
Ͼ˶ڣʮ߼ߣ¡ӥһˣ
ߣֻһˣɱǲɣ
Ϊ߳䣿
ӥһ䣬ųһĻ
֮ҲǺڰߣ
ӥȴûǰߣлһӣ˶ʧԭأ󼸸߱ʹĸоûбֱӻҷˡ
ɱͷûʣ¡
һȫҪߣһĶӥ֮
ĸ÷ֻʬ壬Щ̣໥ţϾమʮӣôԣҲһֲ̡
ȫˣ
ӥ˵˺ү飬ڰ
˶û˵ճص˼㡣

ƽϡ
ɽȻƶܵļƻ°ϧ˵ͷֱһҿͧߣִܹ
Ƿɻ⣬Ҳĵķʽ
֧Ů˻Ưһ
˸£鳤ָŮˣҪǱ鳤֪㶯͵ɣ
ϧŭһȺܣǲк³ģ
֧ŮˣǵӴͧ϶ǣëǣİͧϺٺ٣
ǵóѣ
ϧһһߣ߸뷴ϧȴǿƽһڵ㣬ȣô˺ںƮţ
ôܣǶѾ뿪츮еͷܾˣߣҲûôǿܹ׷ôأ
ںƯ׷ȻҪĸǸͲ߿ģҲǲ˲۾ȴǷǺӰԽԽˣҡҡͷǰǺǸˣ
ҳҿAVˣ۾˰ɣ
ְյҡҡͷѵģ̧ͷһϧһӵߣ˸£ŮˣոոңҪ֪ҵĺ
˫۱ŭȻѾϧ鳤ָŮˣҪ˫ץϧҲҪֵֵܣϧԼٴҲߵĶ֣ʶİ۾ˡ
ڴʱͧȴǶһ˿𶯣ҪϧֵһǰȻһ
ǶǼƬ˺Ȼ㡣
˸£Ͽͧˣɱ
߶
ϧҲȻҪ۾ȴ˵
ԵȻɱǰ⼸ܡ
ûκҪɱʱѪԸγˣϹһǰǼ˺ƽϡ
һ§ϧ˵Сϧڿ۾ˣ
ϧ۾ĻůͣܽʵаȫУոһɲξȫû뵽ҿ֮ͧϣҪ֪ڲӦ䵱ɽѰ֮ġôܻôͻˣ
ҪǲһĻҷ۵С֤ǰһЦ
ϧؿڣôɽˣ
ˣ˵
ϧȻҲģŮ˵ȴ۾ϾϧǸ˵ӰȻ޷Ĩȥ㵹û˵μ˵֮ġѾˣҲӦðˣ
ģϧϲ
ͷ
ϧȴȻֻǣ÷ĸӶЩɱˣְֿ϶ֻĵģ
ģӦҲǵ컯
˵
ǶݣЩոջһתۼ䣬ȴǲˣ
ϧ˸ǸˣǸҹǰһ̣˻ڴģһ̣˱Ǳ׵УҲⶼô
ͻȻϧ˵ЩߣǴһ죬ǶּһвҿͧҲ쵽ˣСϧҴȥܸķ飡
ҰֵĲδȬ㣬ܲȴһȥҰְ֣
ְҲһ죬⼸չְҲ˲٣Ҵɷ飡
˵
ϧҲûоܾȻǣĲҲ֪ĲΪһ񻯣Ȼ˵ܾ죬һƭġ
˿ͧǵڡ
һСĵ죬ǧҪƲ죬ʮǰ߶һսʹûĹҪһЩͦºͲˡ
ϧһεĵǵڵ½ģҲ͵λãûпȽѲֻԼΪǰһЩոյǵ˱ʣЩľֱŵվڱϣͻȻоȵ˸£֧Ȼ͵ɵģ֧͵ˣҺݺݵĴ֧
ЩҪˣΧ˶ʲôЩսܹܣʲôʸǻˣ
˸£˵ʲôҲҴ򣡡
ѹȣзЩ˶ԸЩ
ǾϾװģžϱǹ֧ƺ޷ѹЩеޱȵĻˣһȻγǹҪһ˿ǹ
ԷҪǹ㵹ǿȥˣһҽȻǾһ󣬰еǹֱӸΪĩ״
ྯǿһ׷óǹȴǱҲܣȫЩӵͷ
ۣˣҲЩ۸ˣ
ѹȥ
˶ѻĹĺɫ˹ȥ
ҶɱˣͨˣҲŹ
εɱǰ˾ɱ֮ǵʬǱ
˿̣ԶһѲֻȴǸ˹Ǽ˶˵ãҴҪǼĻǿɾͳԲ˶ˣ
һѲֻˣ
˵Ѫ֣Ȼһƽϳһ޴ĺˣֱײѲѲײ֧飬ϵЩѲԱҲ˳׳ߣҲ֪ǻƮδ
磬Ǵ˵е߰ɣ
Щ˿Ÿո𾪵һĻδоЩ𺳡
鷳Ҳǵͷ
ע⵽Щ˶ͷ϶ѾӡŹĻ벻ףЩ˰ͰҪǵ
Ǳʿϧʵ
ţλ˵ĲǶΧıʿ̫һֱռǵ㵺ڵɧǵǲȡжǻҪΪΪ
ǻͣͱѾܵˣղǲҪǹɱ֪𣿡
˵
ǲ£ǱʿʿȻҲڣҲѾˣͻȥֵܣлȣģԺ飬ǻصģ
ЩʿѹϵƬĺúҪ˴뿪
㣬ʵңǲɱ˵ģ
ϧ˵


1369 ߹ݣ
ûзϣӥ̽ЩߣɽĳԱΪ˱ңԺ󶨻᲻ֶεģЩΪ˸ʲô鶼ܹɵĳģҲּһֱΣյıԵϾ飬Ѿּ˺ܴ˺
˵ֻ÷֮¡
Ҫʲôɽ飿㶼˵ˣǿһֻһˣһҪ׸һô죿ϧ˵
Ҳ֪׸
Цûϵ׼һӶ׸
㣡
ʲô㣿߰ɣܿľˣ

СҲǼ٣ɽ鵱е߼ռİٷ֮ʮ֮ࡣ
ɽΪϱÿڣΪϱʵϲ̫Զ
Щɽ鵱еĸ߼߿ᣬܣȫѡԡڡԡһ죬Ǳÿڵɽ¡
ԡУŰ߼ߣǶԡصУ߶һ޵ŮˣΪ߼ǿ½
ʲôܣͽܣҲûĹ˻˿ġ
λʱ䣬ϾӦѾץϧնˣ
˵ÿڵϴҰ﴿һɣͷŮ˷ţҲΪܵһˡ
Ұϧ֧ǹеŮǴˮϷǸǶôһ鰡
˸£ϧ鳤յŮˣǻзǷ֮룬鳤ڻڱҪǱ֪ˣǶҪиɱ
Ұȵ
Ұ²ã
иܵĽ
˵
ˣµһ˻Ҳȫˣ
ʲôܣܵļƻֻҪͧڣϧ͵ˣôܻʧܣ
ҰҲֻ̫֪߾Ҳ˺ص֧˵Ĺ˱߾ϣһѲҲʧˣ̫ˣ
Ұʶԣ˸£ֹͣȰѴϾʧҪ֪˭ɱ˴ϣ֧˵Ļһţ
ҪˣѾˣ
Ұһ֮ˣȻ㣬϶Ϊȣ㣬ѵɱ˴ϣ
ȴ˵Ů˶ҳȥΪˣ
ЩͷŮĻһǲûȥϾҰɽ鵱УλĺܣҲҰʵû̫ηǰ֧ˡ
㲢ûдϧϾҵطǱϧˣ۶ҪٵˣҲ˳˵޿˯أ
ɻ˵
Щ߼߿ǰֻʿ棬Цĺϲ£ˣ㣬׼һֻɱ𣿡
ЩŮҲЦ֧
СɫɫˣǱ㣬ɲң˵
վԭأһһԡصȫȼʮ߼ߡ
Ҫ֪Щ߶ܹģҲûɼѵĻöǿ
һԡʮ߼ߣԡضѾܴЩŮ˲ŵҰ𺳣ȴǴһ䣬˸£

ŭˣ˵ʲôҲһޣɹʿģҲˣٻмֿɰȻܽг
ֱǶѵһ衣
ȻҰȥצӴҵľ磬Ұÿɽĵһ֣ԭʩչԵȴû뵽һ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûУͱѸץϹ˫ۡ
˸£ҵ۾
ѱһצץҰĸ첲ϣֻ첲ֱӸѸҰʹе
ЩŮһ죬˲ټƤҪ֪ǰǾ˵İȻǶҰɥʧģϽ˳ȥ
ԡеĸ߼ȻѾŵ˫ȷǶܣȴǷԡѱ㲼һ磬޷ѡ
㣬һһжﴨҰ⣬Ҫװﴨھڱȥﴨ
㵹ǵͷɽ鸲ӣüϺ󱱣
˸£ȻˣҲһ
Щ߶֪㲻ŹˣҲʩչԸ㡣
γѪѪȻЩɱȥ
ˣЩܵѪѺȣ
ҡҡͷ
һһԡɱţǲ˽磬κε졣
ɽĳԱӶûеͱɱ˸ɸɾһ˶ԡصǱˮģҲһҧ
ȵԡķԱʱѾ˱صĸʬŵõȾˡ
ϧľţ֪ȥˣȻģȴǲûбֳĴϰڷŲƷµĺܡ
ϧһԺܿɰСˣʱȴǱ˽ȵˣϰ壬˶Ǯ
ϧ̧ͷһ˾Ȼľ㣬ϻֻСôһʼûпֻС
Ҳһֱϧ㣬ˣŮôôƯĽ
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ЦʮܱҶһıңҲһ㣬ϰ壬ΪһǮֵ𣿡
㻹δѪϰǰ˻Σ߱εԴЩΣҪǮˣȥǶȥҲĻ
СˣһһŮǳɰеĸϧȻһ㶼ңԺҪҲڣҲܿң
˭Ҫأ
ϧҡҡͷȴҲǽӹǿɰСˣСʵм㣬ȻҲֻưˡ
ֻС
Сɫɫ˵
ϧûкͺľһֻʹȤͷҲʣ˵ˣ
ﲻԶһɽɽɽ鱱ܲǵ鳤ﴨҲڣ
͸ɱ¾
˵ɽ壬ĸʽɽʽɽƻҲȫ
ɽ£һݣɽ鱱ܲ
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п棬û﷭ɽ꣬ͦ˼ĸ֡
ŵݰɫ۵أǶǸ߼ߣǿĿⲻƣȵģȻ֧ˣʲô
߹ݣ
㵭˵
߹ݣ˸£ţ֧ôô޴ɽ鵷ң
Ǽ߶Χ㡣
һƹȥһǼϣֱӾײ˵ݵĴţһӣǿҾ͵У󣬱˽ȥǼڵصʹĳſţ֧߹֧߹
һĻмӰǳȥڵ߹ݵĳ


1370 
ɽԱʵҪҪǿϲ٣ο鳤ﴨҲء
ǼźܣǾڿŻɽ߲Ա
ҲǸǿߣǺߵľȽϵĻҲ֮Ȼɽ鳤ﴨҲǸ̫֮Ⱦ磬а۶ɱ֮
㣬㣡
ϳ㿴һݵеߣȻû࣬ҲʮˣЩʵ࣬㵹һ㶼ûзС
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˸£ʲô鳤ʲô˼
Цûһ˿ո˵߱ǱĲҲ̶ã߶Ŀˡ
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ֵʵԶ£кƴŹ֣ǲɫɱˣһ㣬ͲЩܹĳġ
鳤鳤ڸʽɽϣ
ȤʱȤȥɽ
ѪȻһӣӳâǰЩӦûзӦɥʧȫ֪
ȻѪУȻȫˣ
ȻһԾʶֱɽˡ
ˣ⸴ʽɽ޵Ϣ
ô飬ѵĸޣ˵
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ֻɱﴨģɱߣСϧɽŵң˵
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Ѷǿ˭Ҳ˭ȻʥһĴѪսȴǼǿпȫ֣ԽսԽǿͣҲûйȻԾץסᣬ˫צֱץ˰һβͣ
ߵǻڰβϣβͱץһǲȱһݡ
һԽսԽ£ٴץϰߵβ͡
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ﴨǼǿ߶վԶĲҳˡ
һ̣ȻԾ˫צֱץסߵԲֱѹڰߵ֮ϣƣ㿴һﴨСҪߣһȣΪǳ壬ߣ
ﴨĻǹȻ壬ȴǱǿѹ˻ȥﴨ˵㣬ңҴˣҲӦ㱨ҲӦҪץŮˣҸ㲻Ҫɱң
ϧˣ
γѪһնȥﴨôҲǸ̫龳ߣѪ˵ѪҺҲ̫ˡСɫɫ㲻Ҫ߰ɣ˵
ѣʲôңڰ統аһ壬ǾԲŹģ
ߺȵ
ߣԵֻߣѵתһʥȥɣ
һȫȻҧסߵĲӡ
㶼ҿˣûһ߱ʧˣȫ븹С
ٴСˣûʧɣ
ȴҡҡͷһֻ߰ˣոһ˵ƺкܶ˷θС°Сɫɫ˵ʥûʲôϵ
ʥһͰһԭںڰ統ең˵ûֻһ˽ӰˣעҪʥһʷУ
ôںڰ磿ô壿
ڰ飬ȷһֽ
ʵϣֻһ磡
һ磿
ǱǺڰ磡
˵һ𺳵Ļˣ֪ԶʱڣϣǴŸħԣ
ʥһҲԶʱڵе壬һϯ֮أԶʱڣַԶܹģ
Ѽ˵ħԽԽˣߵȴǳһλǿߣǿܹħɶҲ뵽һֱȥûһ˼
ǣɳһǳֲ飡
ʲô飿Щ档
λǿߣȻѵֳλ棡
һλڵ磬ⱻԶʱڵ˳֮Ϊ磡
һλ棬Ǻڰ磡
Ȼ͸ż־ȣԶʱڵľǿˣжǿƾƿγλ棬ʵ±۷ʱڵԼǿ


1371 Χ
ʵǳԽͨĴڣĸƿ͵֮ͨʵѾܹĴˣֱӰѵֳͬλ棬Ҫֱȥ죬ƿ磡
˵λǿںڰ͹統иһ磬ۺڰ統еħ̶ֳȣ޷ƳġǵˣĹ統УҲʱλ磬ͬΪ˱鷢ٴѹĽʸɢʮ֮һҲ˵ڹߣҪʮŬܸϳڰ統еǿߣ⼸ǲܴڵ飡
һλĿռʶȫɢˣǿ˼£
Ѫǿ߹ȻҪ绹ǿҲ⣬ʥ壬ǱЩͨǿܶ
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ˣľ֣ش֮
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СɫɫΪҲ֪ʲô⣬빴ҽڰ㱨𣿡
Ȼ˵Ҳ˵ԼʵôͲ˵ˡ
һֱɽ֮£ϧվｹȴţ㣬ϱϲɫ㣬ոոյضɽҡҪɽ緢һǿ£
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ϧͷڸʽɽ£ţϦ£һִİ
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ô죿Ҫɻȥ
ոڽֵʱѵûĹڼ䶼ܳ˷ɻػĹ𣿡
˵ֻ滪Ĺľɵˣ

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˵仰ʱϧǰһŵѲЩȻ
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ҿͧܣҲͦĿͧˡ
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㿪ͧһ˼ЩѲҲڽ׷ţʱʱĿϼڡ
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㿪ſͧ㵺ȻһȦܿʹõΧкȫ
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֧ˣ㱻װΧˣΥķɣҲΥ˹ʷҪȥҷĻ׼ɣ
˸£
ϧ˵㣬һʮĴС㣬ǵ̨Ѿ׼ǡ
ʲô֧ˣϿ´ѵҪǿ𣿡
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ϧҲ֪˵ʲôվԣȴǸеǹΣСˡ
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ģЩ֧˾ϲˣɱǣ߲һ¡
ʮľȻſͧڡ
䡣
Ӣۣȣǻʲôʿ

һĴϣ˶΢΢̾Ȼһ̣һȴǾȵ㿴ҿͧȻû£漣ЩھȻ򲻶ͧһ¶ûУ
˸£һȺͰ˼ˣôܻ򲻶ͧ
Ƕ𺳵ŵȷǳô󻹴δ顣
õҪը֧ˣ
䣡
ҲǸƲ㲼µĽģ۾ЦҿǳפϣҲˣ磬ҾԺúЪϢЪϢɣ
һ̧ͷȻŲپɹǳλá
ɻˣ
ѪȻ֣ԾգѪȻЩȥһâ֣ЩȻȫأֱӳ뺣ס
Ҳȥ
һеЩɻЩɻĵ뺣С
Բۣ˵˭һ˾ͽ˵ʮⰡ
ϧһûĺվܹ׷
ּҹԢ
Ȼһأɫ̫ÿһɫôѿ
ӥ˵㲻ôȥˣڵǹѾĵĺܿ죬ȥٿݽߵģ
ͷûµģģҪŮ
үһϧģͲҪˣĸҲ˵
ɫԽԽѿҲԽԽֲ֧ˣȻ÷׭Ƿ׭ҲǽܹάճȴǱȻʹ÷׭ĵġ
ʹ
⼸еһʹ
ؿڣͼ֪ǡӥĸȴǿ
ҵڶôѾõˡ֮ġǧҪʲô״
Ҷ˵û£һվ
վǸоͷһΣؿͬһ㣬ʹޱȣͷѣѣģһҪٵĸо
ѾӥĸˣǰһģȴǿϤӰѾõϧ㣬ҪεȴȻૣϧҵŮǻˣ


1372 ӣ
ٴʱѾ֮ŵԼؿڣûаʹ۾ʱȴϧһԾϲְ֣ˣ
Եĸ͡ӥҲ˷˵һ˻Ҫǿٹһ죬ܳӦš࡯ˡ
㣬ҿҪεʱ򣬺ǿϧ˵
֣ûǴǹؼʱ֮ľ㣡ϧ˵
壬Ѳк󸣣Ͱְɣ춼ͷ
ü˶˳ϾҪ
ǣЦСϧ̩ôأ岻㵱ܲõô
ϧЩʲô˼˾Ҳ˵̩ҲֻϷ˾һֱڱӯ˾ƣ
ȿȣǲڲң׷ֺ죬һһݴ˵
ͺúðҴ˾
ϧ˵ˣ˾иԺĻǵһȥ
ôҿɲԸȥˣ
ϧҡҡͷУ㶼þûгϯʽĻˣ˵ˣһˣȥԺİĶûУ㶪˰
ϧ뵽ǰȻŵɫȮȴһ棬ÿ˶ȥԺ¹˱õ֤
վ
㣬ϧһڹ˾ĸ߲Ա츮ΨһĸԺУϧÿ¶Ժ¹ů͹ذһҲüЦ
ŮǺĳǣôҪҹŮͺˣһ˵
ϧҲϤĺܣỤ̋ĻҲǹ˾ĻֻҪĿľͺˣ
ģֻҪŮǾͿĵĺܣ
ϧҲ֪˵ʲôתƻŴүأҶ߹ҽأôû
ϧŴүһֱס⸣ԺУסʮ꣬ϧĽҲʮ꣬ǰϧ㻹ÿŴүһΣ֮󣬱ϧһ˶ǰˡ
˵Сɣˣϧվŵλ˧˭أǰû
⻰˵㵹ЩεĲ֪ˡ
ǡ
ϧܣһ򣬱Ǵһϧѣ㣡
Ŵү
˶˿ȥֻһžµϴү
ϧŴүУŴүʶ㣿
ҲЩ죬òȫˣѵүϳ
ǰǲÿ¶һȻ겻СӣɻҶʶŴү˵
ϧҡҡͷŴү㿴ˣȻҲ㣬ǰǸǰǸ͡
ͣˣܣҲῴģ˵㣡
Ŵүǿ㣬ô˵
㲻֪˵ʲôãԾһԡ
ҽ˳ǿŴү˵Ÿ󣬿ǻȥ룬Ϲʲôأ
ϧЩãȻĿŴүǼҽߣŴүϽȥʱﻹһֱ˵㣬㣡
Ŵүǿ⼸챻񾭲ѾܳһʱòЧˣξȻŮѶϴˣŶ
Ů㲻Ҫ黳Ŵү
ϧҡҡͷҲ֪ЩʲôҲû뵽⸣ԺȻ飬뵽ǰŴүȻѾ񾭲ЩС˸УҪ֪ǰŴүǾ˵ϧ÷ͯŮġ
ϧһ綼Ʋ֣ҲȥüͷڸԺкһСӥץСϷһӰȴǴ֮ƮȻ£Ǻľ˵СѾȫͻؼң÷˰ɣ
˵˰ɣ
ķԸһ¸ǣǣӣֻһξˣľ˵
ţϱ£һͦĵģ
ŵͷǰ죬ӥкľͷ£ȥ׷ѰߣӥǶԸڵߣľޣҪ߸СͻظԸĸһͥںƧĽҪЩСŮͻظԵļҾͿ˵ģҪƭЩСŮԺпһĻĻѪȣаĨȥ
㣬ûʱ䣿
Լڣ졣
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׼ȷʵϻĴ£Ҫ֪ϻʵֻлĹУʵҲϻᣬǵĽзͬǱ֮Ϊ͢
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Ĺ֮Ϊзʵÿ궼ԵǰһЩʽ֣̽оȻ߱˴˼д裬ǲٵģǰ֮д裬ʵϣзˣ䣬ϻ磬ǻа
ľ˵ҵİְϴ֮ûǰ䵱ɽΪڼӽ׼д飬Ҳϻ˽͢
Ҵзս
ʵ
ϾǻˣҪ֪͢ÿζŵҪȫȻûаϻУǽ̻ȥǵҰְֵɱϻᵱеһˣˣȻľ˵ĺί
㿴źľģЦˣҪȥǲҪṥƵģ
Ӧˣľһϲ
ǽ̻۸ѵŮӲ
˵ȻǺȥС椾ȻԼȥϻҲûʲôңһֱĶЩ֮Աǡ
ľŲԶһӰҪ߹˵СϧˣҾͲˣϼǵðæ
û뵽С椻ͦµģνĵСҪСľ
ϧһĨ˻δˣղŴүĻʹеЩٴηŲԶ㣬Ժ˵Ӱ
ϧ㣬磬ôϷѽ
һȺСΧˣӣʹϧ϶¶Цݡ
Сѷֱ˵վһ˵ôһ֣˭ӥأ
㣡˭ǴأһС¶ݡ
ϧҲ˵㲻ɣ
Һ˼֣ҵӥʵĺСһģ˵
ۣ
ϧЦ绨
รϧڿĵЦˣãϧЦƯ
СѶЦ
ϧСǣҲǺӥץСϷ
ϧЩƣϢˣƿˮݸϧɣ㲻ĵĻЩСѶܹܵģ
ӣ
ϧʶĺһ䣬ǰڵϵţ㷴Ӧٿ죬ҲӦһһʹϧӶ


1373 
ǷӶԲԣ
ϧס㣬˸⣬۾㲻˵滰
ȻЩ죬Ժǻָϧǰϧ΢΢Щ뿪ڣһӰǴ˹Ȼм䣬Сϧô۸ˣ
ԭԺϧģȴû뵽һҲڣ˸ոյֺΪϧ۾󣬾Ҫˮˡ
û۸ңôˣϧҡҡͷ
û£ˣ㣬ӣոտ϶۸Сϧǲǣ˵
ȿȣעݣż첻ʦ棿˵
ѽڿɳͽˣǰҶǲǣ˵ˣʦҲҪСϧİ˭Ǵˣ
㳶ˣһЩ£Ҫȥһˣ˵վҪߡ
㻹ûи࣡
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Ƿӵ࣡΢΢ԺҸᵥģ
ϧԶۿеڵȴǲ⣬Сϧôˣ
ûʲôңҲҪԼѴҳϧ˵
ʲô𰸰
ǷӵĴ𰸣ǰ㣡
ǰ㣬㲻˵𣿶ۿģ
ҲˣڶǰһУǰŷݵ𣿡
˵СϧֵͦģһΪˣҾͿģЩأ
ٹ죬ҲҪǵáһȼҶϷ𣿡
ϧ˵ԽԽ⡮һȼҶϷģ壬˵ԼĻ㵱ʱûб׵괩Խһ磬ֻص˵򣡡
⡭
Ͷǳ
˾ԣȥ˾
ϧ˵ǿȥϷ˾ϧ£Ҳһ·ţͬʱ³ϧȲĳİ칫ң߲Աкûд
ܽôˣѵҪѰ͵Ե֤ݣ
˵ˣ͵ԣЩŮ˶ȥĺҶҪһҹأ
ģǸүǣҲݣ

ϧ칫ҵĳ뷭ȥһȼҶϷ籾һһ飬ԽԽ½ľ㱾վڱҲ֪˵ʲôãϾô飬ȻȥţϾСϧ˵İ˵׵
ܣʲôأҪҰæ𣿡
øʱ˽ϧæҲվڹøԣ˿Ƚᣡ
㣡
һ۾ϳøҲȻӦʱڽ⣬һСڳ𣬶СڴҰôɺϣ
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贷ЩԾǳԴ˵
ûʲôϵǰڽ⿪ʱ
øճգգۣʾҪ˵
贡Ŷһͷڸﰡ
ϧҲʵˣôˣ
Сϧ㻹ǵòҺȥ쭳ڽˣ㵱ʱ˷һשͷҪȥĳﻹдʣ˵ʲôΪģ󣬻ûȥҺ߹أ˵
ϧȻǵõʱ˵Ҫұ˵ĳǣ֪ǳøգΪϧģܷйøյıſڱ׵С֪ˣ֪ˣһǷӣһǵģҪȥϧ˵
СϧҪȥﰡ
ܣ嶯ҪҳҲνһС˼
ϧһ·ţû˵׷ֻһͷǾҪҵ㣬Ҫ׿ڸϧǷӣ
㣬ƭ˱ˣƭϧǷӣΪθߵڣǷӣᴴһȼҶϷǷӣҪҹøյıǷӣôߴҷһĸо

츮У¸
¸츮ΪǼƵ꣬һϣѾϻȫа
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𣿡ʵ
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ľɿ֣ȴǱĸˣǺľѣȥ۵Ӧòɣ
ѣľ鳤ʱ˸ѣѹ˶ʮɴȥˣԭˣ
Ǽ˱Ȼûбֳʲôʵľľϻ᲻԰Ŀ꣬ҲϻĵһŮ벻ȴѾΪŮˣʵǿϧ
ϱǽȥ
źľ߳ǼĽʺ޵Ŀ֮󣬺ľŭ㣬̫ˣҰְϻǻ᳤Ӱһҵ
ƨְǻ᳤Ȼ̻̽ɱϻĳԱѵҪ𣿡˵
Ҳû뵽ľĸ׾ȻϻĻ᳤ѹߴɵˣ˼ɵľĸס
ҰְҲ޿κΣ̻кڰʥԺڰͲֵܹͨ˵ģҰְΪ˹ȫ֣ȻҪľ˵
ڰʥ
㵹ЩϣϾİʥѾ̺ܹ˺֮ȻǹȻڣʵȴ̫һ㣬Ӳʥûм̻ʣҲȥȥ̻ʵʵϾѶ˵ϵһλ桪ڰ統Уڶ࣬ǵ磬ڵʵǸλ棬Ҳֻһʵ
Ƶ굱һ᳡۵ĵص㡣
˺ľ㲢ʶʲôϻˣҲǺٻľϻľվߣоܹע
᳡ΪߣһɫĻˣұˣľָָǱߣ˵Ǳ߶ǽ͢ˣǵг̣ǳǽ̻һΪ͸ӿֲ˹ˣ
г̣̻ʡͦ͢˼ģ
ЦЦ
˼㡭Ҫȥⲫģľ˵
ⲫˣಲǿԵģЦ
ľһڴʱԶȴǴһϣľ


1374 Ͽ඾
һ˾ȻǺľĸףҲϻĻ᳤ɣɿߴͣͺľվһ飬һ㶼ǸŮ
֣
ľӦָָ㣬ѣ
㣿
˵㲻˵ȥ츮ץľ𣿡
ΪϻĻ᳤ȻȥﷸϣңҲ㣬˵û취ץҲˣľӧսġ
ҡҡͷǺܴԼ
֣ᣬɱȫǸɱ֮ˣûɱˣľ˵
ߣСС棡
˵Ժ˵۵Ĺؼʱ̣ܳκβ
֪ˣ
ľͷɱǰţ˵ְֻûۣ
˭ܹڲصģǸͨһʲôÿģľ˵
˵ҵ˧ں
ޣ
ʱзϻ߲඼ˣұ߻ǿտҲ͢˻ûе
ǰվŵĺһϣ̻žзϻɫ鳤˵᳤̫͢ÿһٵʱ䶼Уûзϻᣡ
ǽ͢նħÿһնɱħзϻ屶࣬Сѣһ㣬ʲô
ڽˣΪ׵һǽ̻ʣһۣһȨȣȥޱȣƵ߹ȥȴǸзߴӴѹ
᳤ɶ΢΢󣬵̻ߵոշ۵鳤֮ʱϴЦ⣬¡һ鳤ȫײǽ֮ϡ
̻ʹλûпһ۴˿Ѿ÷ĺɣзϻеҲ𺳵Ĳҳ
һӾ˳ţûԸһΡ
͢ȴǴЦ⣬Fuckз߲Ǻϲôû˳ˣ
ոȥλ鳤ĺľڰβסһֻûֱӳոճ߻ȥ
飡
ľô˵Ҳһߵľ磬ȴǲкľ˵סֱۡ
ǽ͢Ϊϻ͵ˣľһȣͬס
̻ʣгȫľסˣȵ۵еʱھȿסϣ˫Щĺܹȥ
ţ̻ʵͷ
վںľϣ˵Ͳλ̻ʣ׶ɱ㸸׵
أ
ľ˵УѳĸףǾܹͽ̻һϸµġ
аգ˵
һɵ˵˳зԼ࣬˵һ飬ȴ˵һѣЩǿʣһ飬ЩǾȻ˵ɵ˰ߣ
ڿռﴫ㣬ˣЩˣǴ죬ǱˣڻתҳȥҵҪȺˣ
Ҳ̰ѷ˳ľѳļͷЩȣʲôʱСɫɫ˰
ҪΪĸ氮˵
氮ðɣ㲻ҪĹľ˵
̴ˣҿһɵ飬ܹдһˣзϻᣬʵ˵
һЩ飬ǽ͢ûм¼᳤ˣзϻᣬһµµΪңǰЩӣߴΧа̣ϻҲûгʲôأ
а嶼һȺаǴͱǽ͢ˣﻹе棿
һгȵ
аۼҲֻǽΪǽ֮͢Уλ̵ʵ֮ϣҪɱ練ƣɻ᳤ϻû취ĻǶ֣
гˣͲˣϻᣬǰµĹأ˵
ߣأ۵ˣҵҪϻһ˭Ϊˣ
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ϣ۵֮ϣ˻᳤ͽ̻˲⣬˳ֶûϵȻһһ㵽ֹɱˡ
ȥ̻꣬ȴ۵֮ϣնɱһˣ
꣬͢ȥڣǲɱˣǿǷǳʵʵġ
λһΪˣѾͻƽϻᵱУҲԾһˡ
ϻǱһˣʮ꣬һΪҲǵִ
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ȴҡͷ˵Ķ֣
㣬ﳤ־Լ˵磡
ȴûΪ֣ⱻ֮ΪϻᵱϣһУǱ͢ĺƽ⣬󣬺һȭķβ
ۣ
һںѪ˳
Ȼһо͸ˡ
ȫǺ˶
ҽ鳤ϽȥⶾȴЦⶾĴı£Ͽ඾ܽ⣡ƾЩзľ𷹴Ҳˣ
۵зȻûаɫ
̻ʴˣ룬궼ҪзϻᣬʲôˣΪǽ͢Ĳһȼģ
Ҫˣ
磡

ľҲһԾܵߣļÿȫǺǸħͷ
ʲô
㲻ϻˣôģ
ÿӣɶȲ
ƿˣ˽ǽߣƿȻûһ㷴֮
᳤ҲǲĿȥν˵᳤ĺܣа취
Ȼͷ
㵹Ͽ඾֮ж߱㱬ûܾȣʣ°ӣܾһЦ⡣
߽ԳЦзߣһûаΪȻЩڳ֮ˣȻ˵ܽ⿪Ǻ̵ĶЦ
㵹˵ĿлûһϹ⣬ֱӴϣͷµĺʧ
ʧԼԭԵеȻ۾
ûԼܹǰһУЩš
û
βڱ̴һȭڻۣȳѪˡ

ѹˣ
ϻе˶ϲ֮͢ˣĿ࣬¶ͬŵĿ
Ͽ඾Ȼ׾ٵľͽ⿪ˣ
ֽ̾ŶЩ΢΢£ҧ㣬ˣô쵽ģ


1375 нϾ
̱ö֣Ͽ඾Ҳǿ֮˱Ͽ඾ˣԼǼȵģǽ̻Գ֣ʥգܾȻж֮ˡ
ʱչֳԱȽ̻ʩչʥ⻹Ҫɣ͢ˣԶԭǱ֮Աǵ̬ȣ۵Ҫμˡ
УѾϻ͢Ͳһȼ
ĳ֣ڳˣһּ⣬һִ
㵹ǲЩˣǿЩ˵棬ȻҲϻˣʱϻͷҲʵãûлش̵Ļûпһۣȥ
ȥͬʱ̱һˣǲ񣬾Ȼ̵Ļһظˣ
᳤ɿȥԭȵϣ¶㣬λãɣ
ľҲԲϤĮ̬Ȼܾɣ˵ҲЩ֪֪ϻ
Ҳþܾľ˺ɵı
ϻ˿ˣ΢΢Щ𺳣᳤Ǹλÿϻǿ˲ģǰЩǿɣĻλǿڵĻԸλ̣Ҳ練Ƶ飡
᳤Ըˣһӧս
㿴һˣʮңߵĵȼʵȴǱаۼҪһЩҲϻ˵еĸ֡
֣˱ذܣľ˵
ţСΪǽѿǲУսЩˣǲаģֵܣӣ˵
һԾγһ˳ǹǺ̿Ҳ΢΢ЩüԣѾо
ֻʤܣ̻ʵ˵
ǣ̻ʴˣ̵ͷ
ȥǽ͢һλгϻܵУ꣬Ϊһ̣һ𣿡
һгǹлһ⣬ǹһǴ̣˫ֺʮһ㣬һǹƲˣһǹδУٴ̳һǹ飡֮ϣ̳һѺɼⳤǹ
Ҫ֪ƵĺԺУǱ̻ʼӳģĻλԽ߼ĻΧͳΪһƬˡ
֣ȥҲûռ˰ľʵ
ɵͷ֮󣬱ǹԪԪıĳԣǶ˶ڹԪΪʵȵľ˫˭ĵ٣Ŀǰռһ˿ƣ
ĳǹඥһǹһǹݣǹз߶þףҲöƺš
֮󣬺̱Щ˫Ȼĳǹٶȣ˻ᣬдһٻǹ
еĳǹͬûһٸһ㣬˸Ŷƣǹ׶ٻǹҲһۿȻֵסҪǹУ˿ȴǲ֪δһ̵ڣһ㣬˫磬ȫȻ°ٻǹ
û֪λڶģΪǵʵ̫أ˶𾪣̵ȴüͷ΢壬᳡֮УҲֻܿղŽ̻еС̻ʸովȻ͵͵Ķ̡
Ǻڵûпݽߡ
̵õ˽̻ʵӳ֣ﴦͬȪӿ˫ƱȻҪȥ
ոһаٻǹѾ̫ԭǾһûʱȥԷΪʲôƽһģΪ£Ѿĳ
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ľһЩǶƻϡ
㾡ȫǹһƣҪֵסԷĶƣ˿̺ڵȴԶԶǴЦȵϿ඾
˲ԭֵ˿̣Ҫƽؿڣȴ޷κһǹ
Ѻľ
Ȼ˿̣Ҳ֪ʲô״֮ӿһ˿˿ȴԶҪǿĶ࣬˿ʹոĵ˲临ԭ
¡һ
Ǻ˫֮ǰȴճ֣ûȭһȭƺ̵Ķơ
ôܣ
һɣǽ̻Ҳ¶ȣĸɾȴû뵽һ˲䣬һµעڣʹ˲ָ
˭ôǿ
̻ʸţ绹ܹڵˣĿɨһзϻᵱеˣΨһ͸ģǸղʩչϿ඾㣬߼̻ʵĿͶȴû˿رܡ
Ȼˣϻᣬʲôʱλôǿߣ̻뵽
ǿƷҲʹϻ˶˷п֣пŵȻҲղͻô£̫
εֵҵİٻǹ
һ׸˳ǹඥȻǺ̻ȥ̻ʱԮ̣˿̣ȴһסԮ̵·
飡
̱мǹֱӵ˵ϣһǹǺ̵ĺڴһȣˣǲ
Ӯˣ
һ̣
ü

ɺ޵ĶˣֻӮһȴ˷ܣǽʧ
̳Ц
ߣĻͷһһǹ㵽ף˵
һгȵˣֻܵһ̣ȥһ֮ϻڶ֣տҪˣ
ǽʱͬգҪгʧˣ
г˫ֻûذףذǼӳֹ͢ʥģͬСɣڳ´һʵڲоѾˣ
У᳤棬ٻһгڻ£˵

гذףͬһ㣬һذױһʥĳǹ֮ϡ
飡
ǹȻֱӱгذ׸ˡ
ǹϵͬʱгһƻؿڣҪ߳һʱҪˤӣȴȻ˫ȭͬһ㣬ֱӳгȥ
Ǿط˫ȭɫ⣬ذϵʥ⻹ҪҫгǵѹƵĶãֻȭͷײԼ֮ϣӦ
һȭǻг˵ǳЩߣԼ㶵ĿԼȭԼȭ


1376 ѷ
һȭ֮ڳߣҲзؿһڶ滺з˶ֱͦˣҲηˡ
̻ʴˣ⣿ôܣǵʵͻƹԪڣгһˣôܱһԪڵ˻ܣ
˰̻˵
˭Ȼ˸ҵŽ̻ʴ˵氵
ǸոսϿ඾Ķˣ
г㿴ȥȻһ赭дģгЩĪ̻ʴˣȷǶ˸ɵģ
ģ
̻˵
ڳϲûз̫õ㶣ıʵЩƽڵ棬ԼղǾһȭһֵҸУȻ֪ʲô״Ҫзϻܲһֱ͢ѹ°ɣ
̻ʣǽ͢ĲгҲˣǲֻ֣͢޴ģȵ
㻹Ҷ֣̻˵
һǽ͢еḷ́Լг㶯֣ǻ˭䣿
Ц仰û˼ĿľҪ̻ʣҪ֪̻⼸ϻı֮ԽԽǿˣͻ᳤˵ҲԽԽˣȫûаϻС
λˣڳˣҶղôһ£
̻һȣˣ㡣
˵ĿȫͶ֮ʱȴʼ磬̻ʴˣ⻰ʲô˼ҿ̫ף
ˣҪװˣղ㰵ܱǰ˵ǵгˣǶ֣̻˵
ô϶Ҳ˵Ҳĺ̿˵
ΣҸҳϣˣ飬ȴҳ𣿡̻ʴȻ˵
һ˵꣬зϻᶼ̲ס²ۣ͢ԭף껹۵ΪǺһ𣿡
͢ǻڼһȻֲҪ飬ʲôʸϻָֻŵģ
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ߣˣôҳϣ
ҳʲôʵ
㰵а飡
ҿûУȴȻҡͷ
һ¿ɲѽ̻ʵѪҪ³ˣⶫˣΪҲ׿ڳϣ벻ȴǱһ
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ǵûʸҴ򣡡
˵ȻҿսսҵС
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ŵĿ
гһ㣬ȴɻ⡣
ⶫ˹Ȼ򵥣г
㣬֣˰ԽԽˣľ˵
᳤ɼʵҲ˵㣬ҵû뵽ǻĹôһλţҶҪΪղΪеǸзϻᣬѾܸ͢һ꣬ԭˣµǿȴҾϲȻڣȴǼڴ
ĺܣֻйԪڵˮƽǾûлܽ͢гΪûиְĻɶţûеҴһ㣬ҲֻǺӣοͻԳ͢Ϊıɡ
ľͷҰֿǲ˵ģ㣬ȥЩ˰ɣ
ˣϾǴӦС椵ģŮˣ°˵
ôһ˵Щз߶飬м˵ҶˣǺľСѣղſڵʱҵģ
֪仰֮ôģֻڵûȥ̫࣬Ͼ˿̵۵Ȼҵĵز
㻺ԺУǰгȴһأˣҾ쵽һֿ־壡
һϰɣҿûʱһһ˵
ʲôҪսԼг֣

ҡͷҪսֻҵĹ
ʲôҰ˴֣ȥĹ̴򣿡
Ļ߿ЦãѾ֣ոյĻ˵ġ
ΪСɫɫĶ֣Ц
ҲǴȺˣ޵ΪͱСȫסˣЩԶҵʵĻҲֻ޲ܸоҵʵ˵ΪûаֻߵҶԸǣ練ƣ
ڸʲôأȻ˵Сɫɫǰ˶ԵУľδ˵꣬ǿ˾˵һĻ
ԼгҪ㣬˿̣Ӱȴƾʧ֮⣬УСȴȻǼ˻
ˣǶ˾ų𣿡ǸûȥעСѡ
Ǵ˿̣СȴȻЩֱˣǰȴǷʩչֵ
ʹ
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ûпɣһֻʿ棬ɱԼг
ֻʿô벻ͨǼ֣ô͵סǻأ

ľȷֻǹ𣿡ʵ
ľ֪ôشоֱ㶺һΣ벻Яһֻ
ߣ
̻סˣϵȨȸ߸߾һʥռ䣬ЩʥԼгϣ崺磬Ǽ˵ҲѸٵĸԭš
ǽ̻ʵʥȻķ׭ȴҲʧΪ˵ķ
̻ʴˣ
ʥһֱţϵǺõ߰˰ˣѾǿվ˵ˡ
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Ӧޣ
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ȴǿˣˣ㵽ײ²±ʲôǲˣҵһ·Ļ׼ԹԵҶȥУЩҪҪҲźȥɱ˰ߣǾȻ˵ɱģ޳ܵ˼㣡
ʲôֻȻ˵
ţޣ޲Ż˵
ԭǱֻɱģ̫ˣѹɱ̺гģ

ߣҪ֪ʲôѣ
̻Ȩȸ߸߾ĬʲôһСܣ󣬽̻ӣѣĴ֮һػ֮ޣ
ޣ˶
ͱ𺳵ԸӵĺľȻѣ͸ˣ޵Ҳֻˣ


1377 ս̻ʣ
ƵǴھԵķ״̬ϧ¸ҲǱ赲⣬ԲС㣬гҲ޿ܽȥ
УҪȥˣ
ϧʵ̫ˣ˿̵ҲǼΪӵģѾ֪ˣȴҪ׶Ͳ˱ӣҪӲȥ
ֻǿϧıϻĳԱǵʵϧȥ
ԲС㣬ذɣĻǲ
ϧ˵ҽһҪ㣡
ٲˡӥĵ绰ֻ֪СӥԴȥ

ƵԺУ̻ʺĿӣµߵĿҲһһ޸סվһԣǸˡ
ˣȻϳˣޱ㿴ҵ
һȵѸٱֻһ˲㻯ΪȻһμһ㡣
죬ޣ˾޴ѹܹ׻̺гȻһεģ
ԭѾǳ⸱ģģ
ľҲ˵׺Ҳȣȷ۵еȫͬҪ֪ţ۵ֻҪܹӮ½͢һˡ
˭֪ĳ֣ȴȫ෴״
ߣֻΣΪҵĶ𣿡
̻üͷ΢壬Ȩȴһʥ⳯ѣͼֵǵʥ⡣
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ѵĻȴǱʥ⴩͸΢ʥѵϣѲ㶼΢ڵء
ˣ̻ʵǸȨźǿҵʥӳ֣ҿ²Ƕ֣˵
ͷ˵ʵѾǶˣ㲻֣
ˣ˼Ҷ𣿡
̻һЦȫȻǸ˾ˡ
ǣΪǱ۵Ķ֣
һ˹ȥ̻ȨȻһӣʥ;ײһ飬ǿҵΧĽ綼ˡ
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Ƶ궼ڶҡ
̫ˣ²һȵ
ΧڻУȫĽš
̻ʾȵĶ֪˵ʲôˣȻܹñԼҪǿĽ磬˵ʲô
˵ҪԼҪǿ
̻ʲȻЩη壬Ҫ֪ʵѾ̤˺ڰײѾϵ䷨Խ͵˵ġ
ûг֮ǰ̻ʾǵһˡ
ĳ֣ȴǴеһС
˶ƽ̻ʽ磬²ýİ
ʵͿνΨҶˡ
ڵУһƬž۾ɴ󣬲ҷŹ˽սκһϸڣ
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̻Ȩȵбǿʥ⣬ȥ̻ʵȨȣʵҲһʥֻǰ沢Ȩһ㣬֮
޵Уֻܹƽ֣˷ΪۿۣȻҲֻܹ֮в
ĻȻҵƥĸ֣Ȼڰ統оͺ˵ˡ
ӶûжһӣЩʥ⾹Ȼɻȥ̻кȻ㶼ҪЩʥɱ
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ˣôģʵܲ鷳̻˵
Ҳ֪
е¶һ˿֮ɫû뵽Ҳ
Ϊͺڰ磬ŨȣǺڰʮ֮һڹ統ҲѣҲǴ֮ͼùΪͺڰǰɱ¾磬ԣ統Уи
㿴һѣⴴ֮ѵνľǿߣѵͷ
ʲô
ڹ統Уʵִڰ統е֮ǻַҲΪִ֮ܵ
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ҵʵѾӽ֮ҲǸڣڼȥĻҲҪˣʵڲףζģ
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ͷеЩ뷨ԭһֱΪֻ統вϣĻ׷ɱȴû뵽ԭҲġ
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̻ʴˣѵҪٻһ
ɣ̻ʴˣǰ赲ľУֻٻһΣڱʹˣԺϮӦԣ
̻ʴˣ˼СҴı۵͢Σִܹ֮ڰⶫˣǽ̻Ķ֣
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һҲ˵˵У͢һڰķҲǺڰʥĩĩܹٻڰ統һλֵĻǳҲֻһΣˣԭ뷨һҪ֮ǰĩðԸֱ֮Ϊڽ֮͢Уͨͨڰ磡
ҲΨһڰͨ
зڰֻƿĿӡʯƿڰ֮ţֱӽ룬ǽ͢ȴǲͬ͢һֻͨҪִ֮ܽ룡
̻˵ѣ㵹Ƕͦ࣡
ߣˣޣǴӺڰģ˵ܶò𣿡Ц
ĩٻڰĸ֣ͦ˼ģˣɣĩۣ۱㲻㵭˵
˵⻰ﶼɱȻʱųû٣룬ҲãٲԿ˵Ժܹҵĸޣ¸ˡ
㣡ˣֻ㶼˵óڣȻҪҰĩ㣬ƾʲô
̻ŭ𣬡α̻ʲĩˣĻĩǽ֣Ϯһֵˣ
ĩֻһλᣡ
̻ĺܣһΣضûȥɱʲôڰ簡
ֻĩɱ֮һвŶлᣡ


1378 ĩ
㵹ǲδѽ̻ʷУղŻû٣ʵҲ̼̻ʰĩٻ뿴ڰ統иֵ
̻ʴˣĩǱٻ˿¶ҪΪô˵룬˼
˼ʲô˼Ҫɱ練ƣǲĩٻ׸һǼǧҾȴ£
̻Ц
Ǽ̣гǶ΢΢̻̾ʴˣʵ̫˽ڵᡣ
ǆ£
Щͷˡ
Ѵ㣬ˣаնԸĩ
ûУҲظ
ͣ

̻һʥǼںԺŵĽгУ̻óһľУľбޱȹϳ¾ɣвᣬźⱾԸڰľȴҪڴ˿ʩչԸ㡣
ˣ콫ڣ
ľд򿪵˲䣬羢˷Ժ֮УľΪģγһռУһľ֮ɲǼ䣬رɫŰ
ĩ۵Ľ綼Щɶˣ
ҲΪ𺳡
ˣĩۻǣЩһ۳Σڣ
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ǿķ뾢ƵûĽӳ֣ͱըˣһλг˵
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ЩȻ̻ͬ˵ۣһƴһͷӣ˫ۣ˫ȣܿ죬һ޴αǰ
ľеȴǲδʧʣµЩ⾹ȻֱƴһʥС
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㳯Ǿ˳˹ȥֳȭһ׻似
ʥһ£΢η֮ɫΪʥ֮ϣȻһ֮
ĺܣʥôôȻʥϾΪ̫ͣҪ֪ǰǺڰĸ֣ʵȻСܹӳ֮
ʥȻһ̣㶼Ҫȫȥ赲֮

֮ʵ̫ԭ˲Ҷֻ֣Ǽ֮ǲ׶Ըˡ
һȻ̲㣬㵽ʲô
ȻҲǾȣԭΪԼһӦˣ˭֪㾹Ȼܹסʥ
ˣĿǰΪ޼ǳӲ̣
СϳҪûЩԿʼЦǲģһˣܴҲò⣬ΨһЩǣԷȻм֮
Щڵ߿۷Ծǳ˼״ȫȻû뵽۵ܱȥԿڰĸ֣ң㻹δ·硣
ľЩţԭֻҪӦ۵ǽ͢˲ϻᣬȴû뵽˸ӣ￪ʼģǲоǸΣ
飡飡飡飡
ڰ֮ϺǾ˽սʮ֮Ȼʤ
Բǲܽ
᳡֮⣬ߵ¡һǼ߱ڵأɻ㱨᳤ˣô
ʲôȻ£
üͷһ壬Ͻͷʱȴǳֶˡ
ӥ壬һ棡
С㣬۵ĵص㣬δˣ
ӥ壬˼αҪҵ㣡ϧ˵
⡮ӥҲǽϧ绰˹ϧôҲδáӥʲôæôҪ㣬һĵ
ӥ˼ߣ˸߽һλϻ鳤Ǻȵ˭ôѵɣ
֣Ƕѣľ˵
ɾȣģ
ľͷɲŻӻ֣ǽ
ϧԺ֮У޵ľ˶ڼսڰ֮зȥһвˮ
ᣬԽԽǰҪߵǺԺ֮УӥһС㣬ǱΣգ
Ů˿ǶᣬضǶ˵İ֮ˣߣɱ㻹ң
̻ЦһлûһʥȻϧȥ
ʥʢϧӦûзӦǿߡӥӵڱϣӥ壬㣿
ӥղΪ˾ϧӲĿ˽̻һʥ⣬һʹѪҪȥ
ãŮΣգ˵
С㣬ܣǾ˽ս޷ģ̻ʵ̫ǿҶǶ֣»в
ӥ˵
Ϊһʥ⣬Ͳ𣿡
̻ʺȵȨȻסûʥ⳯ϧȥ
ˣ

ľȵȻ֪Ů֮ĹϵŮһᷢġ
˶һĻΪ𾪽̻ʻһͨ˳֣ʥҪ͸ϧ壬ϧһӣ
ˮֻ֤һˡ
㣬㣬ǷӶԲԣ
ǰûбԲԣ
صһֱߣΪСϧǲǣ
ϧеˮԽԽ࣬ڽ̻ʳֵһ̣оĽ٣֮ǰٶ࿴һۣҲֵˡ
㣬Ĵδȥһֱҵԣ
ʥҪ͸ϧ壬Ҳ˫Өˮڵϣʹóеˣ΢΢Щļ¡


1379 󷨣
ӥû˵ں;˽֣ȫѾھϣҲ£ϧ᳡֮еʱûз֣;֮սʵ̫ңûһ˿ģǰʥ֮ǽеܹ˺㵹ǲ£վСӦԡ
ˣϧһӡ֮ʱ㻹ѸٵķӦ˹Ȼͷűϧʥ⴩͸֮ʱȻһǿϹ⣬ǾԭΪҵһȥȴǱǿϹɣȻˡ
ϧ
˺ѷε˻һޣ

ǷӦٿ죬ЩʥȻǴ͸ϧ壬ϧѪӶбҪȥ
Ӱһַסϧͨ죬ǽ̻ʥޱǿЩʥ⴩͸ϧӣʹϢϣ㿴ϧ߬ŵȭɿˣһ¿ɰС˵ϣһʹĶˡ
СϧôôɵҾǷӣһֱػķӣᡣ
ľЩаƭӵ㣬Ҳʶ尻Ȼ䵱ɽϺɰ㣬ȴǴδį㡣
ȻϧŮˣΪҪˡ
֪Ϊʲô˿̵ĺľ΢΢ЩʹյǲӦ˸ܵģǳԴôѵԼѾϲˣ
С㣡㣬ңӦֹСģ
ӥʹ޵ϧΪˣ˿ϧԼǰ֪жôʹޣ飬Ҫ֪ˣǻ֪õΡ
ߣˣˣİ֮ǰʹôܺܰɣ̻Ц
һ䣬ȵ
Ϲⱬһ񵶱У⵶ȻѪ񵶣һֱ֣Ϊеʥѹסˡ
˵һѪҲܹܵĵı˺ͷŭ˿ٲ֣㶼ҪֱѪ񵶡
֣гŭ̻ʿĿ⣬ŵղֻɱϧҪ̼㣬ȴǲδ뵽ǱȻҪɱġ
񣬿ֹǶˣҪɱң
̻ʺеȨҲȻӳһʥⱻ
ǾҲȻӳһһâ׼㡣
ƣ
һѪ񵶲û˿η壬ֱӳǵâȥƳâЩʥϣûκʹ
һǰûκ˿赲˿̵նɱ̻ʣ
ٴλӳâҲѪƿ

һ£ֵ̻Ȩȶϣٴһ̻ʵ屻һ롣
˿һĻǺȻ
찡һĽ̻ʣȻ֮֮ϣɱˡ
Ǵ磬ǻ˵ãҪ֪͢˵ڣ̻ڽ͢ϵĴڣȻӰܴ
гˣ̻ʴ˶ˣǻǿܰɣǶ˶ˣٽ͢˶˵
̺г˼⣬ղŽ̻ʵΪУȻڵȫˣСҲǸɴ࣬һг˵ɻ᳤֮£̣гԼڶȫǽ̻ʴˣһУŪ³
̻ʴ˼ȻˣƱҪȥѡµĽ̻
г˼ȷǾ۵˽͢ھҪȥ
гˣҪߣ
ǲгһҪžɱȥ㣬һƬȻٲߣǶ׷ڶҪɱɾ
ȻɱٻҵļһСӣ
һŭʥȻһӣһҵĽâ㣬һնǿķŭϢʹڵҲڷӿ
˼ȫǻһƵģҲη壬ȻһѪ񵶴ʥ֮ϣʥڲ˺ȵܣֻǸ߰ˣ㲻սʤӵʥң
ߣ
һ˫һȣֱӲо˵ؿڣһ£˵ұ۾ȻֱӿȻֻ״̬ЩͬܣȵܣѾˣһģһᴦģ
ȥɣһ¡
ǾȴЦһڹֻ״ֻ̬ұʮ֮һߣлִڰ磬һ֪ʲô
סҵ֡ݵһ֣
˸˵꣬㱻նȫɢ
ɱˣͷϧеķŭ֮ɫδκεļ٣ӥ˵㣬Сûһ˿ϢǾȶȲˣ
ľͺɻвϻĸ߲㶼ǰȥֻǾҲϻĶˣοɱ̻ʣ㰮ĸϧķ˿Сˣ˵㲻˵С˲𣿲ҵĻΪ߬ô֮ʱɿ
Ȼҡͷû˻뵽ᷢ飬̻ʾȻɱһͨˣֱΪ
ԼгнڶڣϣϧǼ֡
ʲôȵ
ǽ͢ģܹСִܷͥʹ࣡
һг˵
һȻһϹǲгϣֱӽ⣬Щ͢˿Ļ۱ɱǣ
ͻȻŭʹЩ͢߸Ͻܵˡ
Сϧ۲ģ˵
㣬㻹а취С㣿
ӥȵҪ֪ܸϧڿһϢд棬״̬ѵܾȻ
ϻĺҲǺȻ˵ʮӺ󣬱Ҫʩչ󷨣»ٶ˳Ƶ꣬ɢܵȺۻܼӳһ磬ѹƻ
󷨣˶ܾȻ
˶¶𾪵Ѿȫ߸ǵ
ӥͷ㣬Ȼ˼ΣҲ㣬Сһģ
ӥתͷ߳⡣
Ҳ˵Ҳߣ
ϻ½½ȥ㿴ŻžգһξӨϧ֮ϣһЦСϧñٺúÿ㣡
㣡
⴫һľȻֳüôߣʩչȻ֮أڵʵܹ赲˵ģ
ҪҲǾȻϧأؽʹһ
ɱֻۣǵģٴشʱ򣬱Ϊ͵ͨѣһжǰ
˵ȥ۲Ҳ
ҰϧҲȥıض֣ҲǷһӣľ˵
ȥ
Уȳҽϣʹ
ľǿο㲻һֱ˵ϱôҶﲻĹôҺֿ


1380 һ
㿴һֱִŲߵĺľҲǺް취˵ʮӾͿ쵽ˣʩչõʱ㵱治ߣ
ߣľ˵
ˣúľҵĸУҲڿռɱһ٣
Ѵ˿˵
ͷΪ֮ƣҲֻˣ
ſڣһѺľսȥ
ˣҴδʶ󷨣㾿Ҫ۸ʱ䣬
ʱ⵹ˣǰǿڱ۵Ϊˣҵϵ̫ϡ裬ۻָΪָĺžʯ󷨶ʩչ
˵ڵΪҲֱֻܹӰϧ
˵ˣʵͳԽ˹δ׷ʩչ󷨣Ҳأ
ĸ綼йģƻĴڣߣر췣
˵ˣѸʧҪʼʩչˣ
ʧ֮һϧƯڰ֮С
ۣ˫ֳϹ⣬ЩϹϧȫ󷨣ȻѾʼʩչˡ
¡¡
󷨲Ÿʩչϱһףؿʼɫ
ѴˣһӴԶϯÿֲ
վˣͷ
һֱڽţͷˮϴйôۣɼ󷨣Ҫ
۵Ѿʣ޼ˣϵ֮ʱҲʩչɹʱϧ±۶磡˵
תۼ䣬ȴü⣬ѵǹ
Ӧ統ˣǿЦȻﶼй򣬼ȻҪ֮Ľ
ǻصȻڰ統еǿߣҲԲˣˣӴ˽٣
ţ
ͷ˿̱ϣͷ˫ȶȫǺˮȵɹˣ
ʩչϣϧӸڰյУѾʼ΢Ϣ
䣡
˿̣һɫѸٳ˹㲢˽ܵǾ޴мӵıŨ֮ʲô״
ˣһ취
˵ռ䵱ĿӡʯǴ򿪺ڰ֮ţǱڰ磡
ӡʯ۲˻Ŀӡʯͷ
Ǻڰ֮Ŵ򿪣ڰħ磬¾Ҫٵ磡
ģ
˵޾֮·Ǳǲ֮ٱˣˣôҪ¿ʼָΪͷȻҪѸʱ䣬ڰ統УźƵʣֽܹۿٻָΪʱڰ統ƿ磬»ص磬ͨȻܴͨ
ԭ۴򿪺ڰ֮ţڰħǻģڣڱۺͺڰħУǾԻٴηӡڰ֮ŵģûʱȥܱۣ
뷨ȷȥرպڰ֮ţһӹĴϾȥڰͷ
ѸٰĿӡʯ˳Ŀӡʯ룬涼ʼѿ¡¡һâӵص˳
ڰ֮žҪ˿źɫҲȻ˹
ϧ˿΢΢۾һӰȻŵصȥʧڿյصʱ򣬶һСϧ꣬Ҳ׵ȵģһӺڰȥȥ磬Уһ˿ɻҰ㣡
ӣ
ϧ۽ٴˮջָϢͲܿڣֻĿʧǰϧźΪѾ׶˵Ļӣһ۶ã
ߺߡ¸£
ڰ֮ŵԽԽӿֵħ֣ҲΪǾѵĻᣬȴٴι˺ڰ֮š
գٴλָž濪ʼϣͺղŵδһ㡣
Сʱ󣬡ӥͺɵ˶Ƶ꣬ǿƯڰյѾָϢϧΪ𾪡
㣬ľС㣡
ӥĸж
ȴüŮأûгղ춯ôҲ֪ˣ
ӥϧϧȻܹ˵ģӥ壬飬Ҫҵİְ֣Ƿӣǰķӣ
ӥкȻѹС֮ãȥˣ
ڰ磡ϧ˵
ڰ磿죬Ȼٴƿڰ֮ţ˺ڰ磬ҲǶΨһ취ˣ
ӥ˵ǴӺڰܵĺڰģȫɱ¾ĺڰ磬ҲûоԸ棬ܹƽ
ģһģӦˣϧ
ľҵŮ㵽ȥˣ
ȴǹ˵ϣڸոûпúľĻҲ֣ľʧˡ

Ҳ֪ǹ˶ôӻԵĵһۣŴô󣬴Ŵڰ˾ʮˣ̧ͷΧҲһ伫ķӣ˵ˣˣ
Ǻڰ磿
ڰķӻǴ󰡡
ѳߣ㷢֣ڰƺʺΪ䷿ӣΪѶ죬Ϊ㡣
ͳһľӳϣľұˣûпڳѴ塣
˵ոæŽڰ磬СɫɫĶ֪ӦðųȥģǺڰ磬Ҷ֪ʱܻص磡
ľȴҡҡͷ͵Ǽʶҿɲ£
°̫׸ˣ˵
ȥ
ľҪ㣬˿㼸ߵĴűˣһ˴˽ϴЩ΢Цǿľ֮󣬱ɻ󣬡ţôǾȻһôֶֻް
Ȼ𾪣ȴǺò˵Ǿţ棬Ǵ˻ǵӣӦǻ˰ɣ
壿
㾪ȣô֪壿
Ǻڰô֪ܲأҲĴĸ֣Ǵӻ嵱гģǽʲôֻ֣ʲôޣ
㣡
ľ
ѣû۹⣡
ҡҡͷ
Сɫɫˣ
㵹ЦЦ
Ǿ˿˿ѣҲΪΡ
䣡
оܶͺҪһ㡣
㶼֪Щһôܹ˯ţҪ֪һͬҪһһ
λؾţ˵״ˣ
ô£ʵ
Ǿ峤Ҳݵһ֣ˣ
һݵһ֣״̬µľˣ˿ǽ񣿡


1381 ݳǣ
ţǾ峤Ҳݳǵĵһ֣ǾĴ֮£ҲǳΪݳǸĵһ֪ΪΣ峤Ļȴܵش춯Ѱļ룬ֻǲܸ峤ĻǴˣţ˵
ͷ֪ԼѾ壬붼ҪɱԼĻҲֻʮ֮һǷŴʮǸε
٣ֵҲ
ڰ統ŨȺܳԣŨ㵹ģΪܹߣʱϮҲˡ
廹ǲ˾˵ţ֣һҪ¸·һ£Ե񱨣
ͺľ뿪ţļңһţǸоȻһ㣬ĺһƬԭ֮ϣ˵϶ͬʯһļӲʶĴ̽ȥһ̽ҲǾˡ
⸽Ȼкʵ޼ľ˴ڣҪ֪⻹ǾһССĵط壬Ҳ֪ж֮ϵĸִڡ
ʶջصʱȴǾȵķ֣⸽ǿ߾ȻԼԡ
Сɫɫʵص磬Ҳǳɱ㾪ȵ
ʮ
˵ˣڰ̫ϡˣҲѹƵֻбٷ֮ʮ
ЩΣû뵽ջص磬ѵʵȻ㣬ҪŬָΪаôѵˣľ޵Уڣָס
ľǲ̫Χ״㣬Ҫȥﰡ
ȥ壡˵
ˣǺڰ缫ΪصĴڣ֪ͨĵ·ҲˣҪȥﰡ
ʵ
иУ
ЦʵҪѰʥģȻĹ󲿷ֶǻˣϾʵܱڰȴǲͬлĸڶ࣬ҲĻ壬һֱҪҵĻʥ塣
شҲǵһ̤ڰ磬Ѵٶûлع飬ͲʶΧĵط
ԽһƬԭͺľҲǿĽſںȻд֡ݳǡ
ݳַǷϢȺڰ˵Ҳ֣ȻǰƼҲǰӣݳڵȺҲǸߣҲд󲿷ͨˣЩ˸ûһ˿ݳھ̣λߵ͡
ǮʹĥֻҪǮܹ򵽲ľҩԼһЩĹڹ統У˿ԻǮɱˣԣںڰ統У˵ĵλߣ
˵
ͷľȴɻ󣬡Ϊʲôڰ統лͨأ
ǶǴԶʱһֱڵϵģͨˣ˵ˣǺڰ˶Ļȱ̫ɫأ
Ѵ˿ѾСͷļ֮ϡ
ڸֲǺܶ࣬ٺ;ȣ㻹δо̫ѹȻҲмĳصģʵǿݳǵĴڡ
ľ˰죬ҲǷˣ˳ԷĽ顣
ͷҵһҾ¥¥װ޵ɺ˱һķԱ˽ȥ˸λ£ȴ˵ˣûĻҰ
Σ
ûǮ԰ںڰǺΣյһ飡Ϊÿ¥Уϰ廨ǮӶĸǿߣҪ֪㲻Ǯ԰ͣǲ鷳й
ľҲ֪ڰ粢һһ˱Ǹ֣ǣҲ˵ˣǻǲҪˣ
ԣ⣬ܲϱӰĻһʲô˰
㱾Ͳˣ
ǲˣ㻹֪
㣡
ľﲻ֪˵ǵɽжһΣ㣬޳ҵΪʲôҪΪΣڰ簡
λ͹٣ҪԵʲô
Ų˵ŷڰĲȶڲͬģһߵʳһͨ˵ļҳ㷹
ߵʳﵱȻ̺ŲģԺоڵڼٻָ˼ߵײͣȲ֮󣬺ľ˵㣬Щ˻棬羭ӿζ
ͷܻˣ¥У඼ߣǳҲǧٹ֣ûм㣬ľı׼ˡ
Ƕ֪֪峤ܵشڳѾݳ֪ˣȻת
ǵȻǿ󣬵ǱˣָҲǼѣοݳڹãҪΧǵĹ򣬵ʱδ׸ԭݳǿ¶أ
ƴǰЩǲݳǽɨҪ˼ʹϵָҪݳ߶ٱŮˣ˼һλͳǷųڣҪɨݳǣ
Ҳ˵ʱǵĺ޻أ
֪ĸܹ˶ˣ˲ã

Щ˵ۣû̫⣬ݳǵİΣȻ޹أ뵽֮󲻾ݳڱҪңͲයһˡ
Ͼ˶ǷҲడ
·Ƕһĸ֣һΪִżߣʵףͻƵĻǱ޿
ǺǣˣҶ·нգȫƾ˵һָ㣬ԳɲţκǻҶ·Ըʾ䣬ɱƬײ
˺ɣж·ļһﻹһ
֣ǰЩִǺ񸶲Ǯ
·һȻˣϵŮˣǼģѾŮԳƵ˹ȥϰ壡
үʲôҪæģϰ˵
ô£·˵
˳ԷûдǮۣ
ϰ˵һԹ
ǵķǮҸˣ·ͳ
ϰ忴ǰˣ˵ãҪǶ·үǿҪҹ
ͺľ˸ճ꣬ϰǮ֪ûǮһ
˼ڰϱߣ
˵Ҫߣл·뷨ûС
ľ㣬·дʣϱϱŮѵ˵ţ
ҡҡͷŮȴǸһõˣ±⣬ǿɱУҲŮ˸˹һӡ
ţ·ǵǰͬ鶼Զ·ΪΪȡ
λţ·˵
ù˵
ľ˵в˸ոջǽǮĻǿɾ鷳ˣ
λˣΪҶ·ԭ򣡡
ȴ۾ЦǿҼϱ˰ɣ


1382 һţ
·µֱ˵Ȼ£ǵǰȴޱΣƾͷһʱ嶯Ҳ˵ȽŮܸһҷϣҶ·Ϊﲻֵ˵飬ﲻϲңҲǿֻҶ·ȴǾ㣡
·ͦؿڵ˵⻰һ˵Ƶ굱в˶·Ǹͬ飬ǼΪ𾪣үǾ¥˵ǻӰģ
ʲôӰģŮӺϣҶ·ݳڶҵүһ̳ЩʱպҶ·ҲǶȻֵȣһǰɱƬײѵˣûʸ׷ϲ˲ɣ
·˵ĿһֱźľȴҡͷүԭΪǽǳΪ֣ȴû뵽뷨Ǹˣǲϲģ
Ҳܸ˹һӣ·ȵ
ڵıϾǴԣںڰ統УҲǼܹӦʵģ·Ȼǰ㵱һްͨˡ
ַѵ·£
Ƶ굱УҲżҵĻģǼ·Ҫ˱ͻҲǸϽ˵үү˵Ҳݳ̫ҡױҳЦһŮ˰ˣǶѵȱŮ𣿲˰ɣ
ˣϼҶҵĹūŰˣҶ·ûõˣ
·ȵоһҪ㣬Ǵ˿̣ȴǴֻ溰ˣҪˣܰ
·һȭͷȻأ˵үǿȻضң
ȥҪȺɱǸƬײ
·Ц⿴һۺľͻ֪жô޴ˣ
¥УȴŷɥҪȥ飬ճŵ˶˻
ʮؿ׵˴߽Ϊ׵һ˺ȵǺƤ»ܣ
ϰһ˺ȵ
¥ϰ߶µľ˳Ϊ֪ҪǲЩֵĻ¾ֱӱɱ
𷢶ֲ㣡ϰȻš
Ѿ¥ֽ𶼽ƣ
Ӵи椶ǽһˮ飬ӳ椶Ҫˣһ˵
Ҫıȣһȥ죬ٷָǣΪ׵Ķӳȵ
˵ŮǺľһЦû뵽㻹
ϻľ˵
·ЩľǵںľǰȵǵİܽǣǻǶˣ򲻹ݳǣ齨ʲôɱӶᣬһǣȴŪͬһ㣬Ϊǵϰոеˣ
ǣΪ׵Ķӳüͷ
һ˵ӳǶͷĶӣ·һ͵װƻ
ү㲻Ҫ嶯ЩǺǿǲ˼㶭үݣ
ߣҶ·ǣЦ
·Ц
·㵹ֵͦģôŮ˳ͷ
ǰŮˣǰݳǣҽɱĺ
·Ҳ֪ǲĺˣȵ
үȶ˰ɣЩǺߣҲߣĶӳҲڰɾ֮ϣ
ʲô
·˵꣬оȻֱۣӴǰΪ͵һߣɲǱ㱻·⣬ʹ಻ѡ
ģ
¥вл
ģ·ԭǶˣһ㣬£ץסⶭ·ٻǣ
ٺŶ·ҵļҲǰӡ
·Ҳ꿡ţһΪѾִżߵ۷壬ֻһߣܴһ磬֮磬ӳӳ꣬ҲǺڰ統еߣ˼ľ硣
Χ·ĶǼ߼ĺ⼸˶·ȴûзһһ裬Ǽȴǲ·磬ǼҪҵĶ࣬Ƕץס

ӳһȵоһ˳ֱ·һƱѶ·Ӱĵĵ
ۣ
·ǶѪһ£ӳ˵ֻ߾ţҪԺ󻹲֪᲻ȥأ
ޣ
·һĭ˹ȥ

ӳһ˹ȥ·ھͷ㵤
ӳֳ̧һ·žÿ־ҪҵУ㲻ҲҪɷˣ
ô֪ˣ
ҵҵҽһУո˵Ļ˵ģôɱ˺
ߣ㻹ǵôһ仰Ȼ˵ˣ޷ջأҲѾҪ㵤ˣ
磬ˣҵﰡҸոֻһʱȶˣҪŮǰװưˣĻҶǺ
·ˣҪ֪ҿү籾ţʵҲһݳǸպգ·Ȼ츳Ҳܲǲ磬ȴǺԶǵﱻϣޱѣڶұΪһˣ
˵ζ˭볢ԡ
·ֻһͷֻҪܹŹǶԷţĸԸ
ðȻ㶼ˣҿȥѧŹģлұӦ㣡
ӳ̧
̫֪ǶүôҪǱү֪ǺԲ˶ߣ
һһ˵
ŻңӺҲʵͨĶ飬ҲֻɧŵãʵϣǳſڿصǼսʿǶһǶ֣ʹһЩ˷Ӧ;Ŷ·ˣ
ӳȵ·겻ꣿĻھͷ㵤ãܣ
꣬꣬꣡
·ҧ˿˹ȥﶼ˵ǳԾ£ǸϲģҪøңﵢôʱ䣬ͻؼңȥˣ
ݺݵĵһۣҲΪۣ׵Ļˣ·սлʱһŲ˶·ԴϣСٷ۸ү
һţʹ˶һӳѵ·ǿ߶ߣЩȻζټϱⶭ·Բѷ͸ˣǺҲһŲڶ·ϣ鰡
Ǹ¥ϰ嶼һǮУȻȥȶҶүѵôҪ֪Щ֮󣬶·ǻɱСӵİ
һʶڵϺ͹һĶ·ڱһ֮󣬶ûҿΪ֪ӳǲϵ


1383 
㱾ǲֵģϾݳǣز죬̫ߵ𲻱Ҫ鷳ⶭ·¶ʵ̫ˣ˵㿴ۣľǰĵ֮Աǡ
Ƕ·ȵĲҳӳȴЩԣ˵Ůˣ
ͷľһ§ţ̬ܣľҲһĨ糺죬ˣǰԵʹԼԸԸⱻ§𣡲Ļůͣһּҵĸܡ
ʲôӳˣԭǲʶ·˵
û˵ķݣӼѧУһѧĲӰΪȫˣ
ӳȵ˵СӣҿҲֵͦģҵҲˣȫȻҵİӣŮȴǾɫɣŮ˷׸ңұˣΣ
ӳΪԼոޱȹƽĽ׵Ц
Ҫأ
˵꣬ȻǶ·ؿֱӰߵǽϣһ˻·ʹĽл¹ԭϣոֵһ˲䣬ЩĪãȻСӲͨôôǿ
Ҫ֪·һڰżߵߣʵܻһߵĶ
ӳҲȻû뵽㻹ŵһ֣뿪ڣ㿴ֳŶ·߳һţ·ֱӱϷƺ¥Ҫݻ١
·صڵϣ߹ǶˤϼЩҵĻ·ˣҧ˵Сӣ˶ԸǼү
죡
ƾһȣžļǼ϶һʺİӡ
⼸˿ƱţȴǱʹúγܵˣ
СӣҿԿʾ𣿡
ӳ˵
ΪҵŮˣһŹ𣿡
㵭˵§źľʹúľĸǾ֣ˣֿʼԵˣľǾñ§ţȴһǰδеİȫС
ߣŵĿҶԸ𣿡
ӳȵлûһѳһһâ㣬һģֱӰǵâƿһסӳĲӣ˲롣
Ҫ֪ӳǺڰɾΪɱ߾ǿߣŲӣȴǻλһ㣬õԼݳǱס
ĺһӣһЩĵڵϣ
ȻֻǺʵͨһȴǴģݳڣ˾ľܹ˺ЩǾˣҲԵƣǱٶȣ壬ٶȴ޷Щµм⡣
ЩҲֻӶһЩ¥ֱߵС꣬ҺһЩݳڵĴΪУҲʹ鷳ҲԸ˷רŶԸЩ
¥ϰ忴ŸոյһĻóԾ֣Ҫ֪ΪǸǮаˣ벻ԼļǼ߾ߣԺҪ໨Ǯ򰡣Ļ¥Ҫ
ӳŲӣоʹ࣬ǿӲɱңĻһǶȻ㱨
ͦǿģ
ĸˣȻҲݳǵˣǼЩŰɱˣȴҲĺܣ޶ļһɱ㣬Ҳ֪жŮ˻ᱻ̣
㣡ң
ӳձֱ㱻˺
ӳˣŵȫǿధ㣬ˣ㲻ҪɱǰҲˣӳͷȥӣҲûа취
ûа취Ǿȥɣ
նɱǵھ¥ⶼŵһɢˡ
·ԼҼ㶼ЩɪɪȻ֪Լֵģɱ飬Ҳ֪ԸԼ
·˵Ƕݳǿĺܣ㲻ҪĻҸ׺ʹǲĹģ
䣡
ݳǵĻڴŸǵҲžսʿģǿŵϴĿһĺʬʱҲЩȣҪ֪Щȥɿ죬ƽʱץסǣǣ˿̵ȴһӺ˵Ǿ¥еΪ
֪λʿնɱЩһͳ˵
㵹鷳һָŶ·
·
ͳͷǶһֱݳǶǾնɱһӺݳǶǿٵͷһأͻȥǶҺúýһ
·ȻվԭأĿЩݳڵĻ뿪ŷӦΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ѵ㲻Ҫ⹦ͣ˵
룬Ȼ룬⹦ͣضνһЩ湦ҵΪһǧ
·ڵľѾ˹ǣΪʲôҪ⹦ͣҪң
Ժ֪ˣ
˵꣬ͺľһͬ˾¥
ľʵ㣬ոôʲô˼ûأ
ˣҲ̫㲻ɱǸ·㲻ˣȻҪѹø˵
ΪĻά
㲻һЦոӵǺʵҲǼʶˣƽĶۣЩ˵ʵĺһ㣬ڹ綼Ƕսںڰ磬ӦҲʲôľսʿǼʶģǵ죬ܹЩʹٶȲ죬ԸЩÿ¥ǲһ˰أҲӦˣǣû
㣬˼ͲɱЩ
ҹݳǵʵ˵׻ǲǰɣӦ볤Զչ±۸ҲֻˣңǾ峤ĻǱˣ͸ûеԸˣ˵
ѹø·Ҫľ˵
ôѵ˱źڹ𣿡˵
ľǻǿ뿪ݳǰɣ鷳
鷳ˣ˵
ô
ղھ¥УѾ̽ʵĸ֣ţǹⲻ¶ʵڰģ
Щѵߵĸ֣
Ӧǣ˵
Ȼû߼վǰ´ţոҶ˶ھ¥ˣǶˣĿľΪ˼Ӹ¥
ǲ֣ҲΪľʵ
ȻҲֻһЩǮƣ°ƯŮˣʧݳǻܹסֻҪȵݳǿ׳峤ַָҲ٣
ǰ˵λֵܸոճնɱѹø·ʵڸǶ·ػᱻǣ
ˣñӾͲҪҴˣ˵ǵĿİɣ˵


1384 ң
ֵܿ˿ǶҪֵǰһۣ˵
븮ΪΣʵ
Ϊֵʵǿ˲֮ˣǻֶһݳ룡
ҶԻûȤοұݳǵˣԲҪ·ˣ˵źľҪߡ
λȴס㣬޻·¥˶׷Ѷ·ɱˣТǣΪҵ˾ͻŹô
Ҫ֪ݳǿǴң·Ĵ͸ףݳĸ֣ҪԸ㣬Ӳݳǣ
˵˼ǣֻҪҸȥⶭҵ˱㲻鷳
ȻвϣԲҶԸˣ
ܱһͦĶģ㵹ɢˣȥǻ᲻ϰߵģ
˿ȥҲҡҡͷֵܻ治֪ҵȻҪıӻ
ݳǺܴҲȻһ֧񶭼ҶֻһЩңЩҲһվһϡ
ҾˡȻȴݳˮ
Ҽһڴ֮ϣüͷŵϹŵĶ·ӣ㻹Ϊ˹ɱЩ֪ζԸ𣿡
ףѵӦý𣿡·˵
ͣŲҪԸЩҲΪʲôЩһֱȻҪԭڣ㵹ãɱǣΪݳǿսΪݳڵʵܹԸǣ˵
·˫ȶڷ
֪˴˵
Щүɱˣ
ǰףɱģǱ˼޻ģ
鶼һһʮĸ˶ϣһȻŭҴȥȫѲǸɱˣЩһȫˡ
·˵ףΪɾ߶˵Ķֻ֣ЩץǴԳ֣
ǰճɱǻδ˱˺ڹץ׼űɣ
һ仰ʹö·ᶼˣףҪң
㣿ʲô㣡ǶҺͲͣ飬ýⷢӣǶң飬ٴãǶҶҪŵģ
ϸ˵꣬ʹ߱Ǵ˽Ŀ񣬶֣ϺȵλֱӽҶңδЩʧɣ
¶·ɱǱӣǰ׽ʧ֮е
ߣ
һǷҪϷץҵĶӣ
Ҳֻǹ¹죡
Ǽʹץס·߿ףҪңҪҰһ
ɱ֮˲ҶӣǶһ׷ȷҶӣ
һ·ҵӣҲĲ̣Ͼġ
ܣҪץˣûܹѣ
ʹϹâʢϺȵҶǸǽҪɱУҲǴ
ҪΪˣ
ߣ
ʹлȴǱƿʹжǺȻ϶ȻˣڿѾ˰ɾ
ϷȻ˾ˣ֮壬ɱͬ̽ȡ
ЦϷ򲻻ɱǣϾˣȥ飬ϷˮʯʹǰץˣϷˣ
ʹһʧǰ
·ŵöµףô찡϶ʹ˰ݵģ
ȫǶǶҷˣֻҪץסˣϴ
ҲǺɸ֡
лݳҵˣһ·׷٣׼׼ʱ֣
ϵͷãҵ˱ãϷԳ֣

ͺľδݳǣڽţȴüͷһ壬˵ˣһֱǣ
ӦǶҵˣǣ
˵
ڴʱԶȴǴһҴүնɱһֻ޾ͷԹ
һҲԭǺֵĽֵ˶ʼ۷׷ס
ϸ²նɱֻޣһΣȴֱնɱһֻޣ޿ǻ¶Ǳﴦľ˸ǲϣ
޵ʵǱ˾û壬ͽӽǣ
߾żÿһڳɱߵɸ屶ʵĲ࣬˾ǰɾʮ
˾ӵҲ࣬ⶭţٹʮضܹһ磡

һۿȥԶһʨӣһֻѾ˵ľͷԺǰĴӽֵ
˶ͷʨΧ۶ɱľͷԣҲǽʨӿҪ߹֮ʱǼһֱĻͻȻһԾ㡣
ڰͲסô
Ҳ˲Ѫ񵶣һնȥһ̵˵ϡ
ʲôҶˣ
Ծ
ү˺Ķү˴Ҫɱү
д£
ȵ㲻Ҷܵ椶ɣ
ȴǲⶭҲɣϹôүôӢҪ
߹ǼȻȥǵʵҲֻ֮ڹ統У˵ʵͳԽ߾˿ҪնɱЩˣҲɵúܡ
˵ߣѵҪҶԶ֣
һ˹ȥʨȻԾǾڶһֱŵľͷʬ屻㿳ˡ
ȵҵľͷ㣬ΣҶҪɱ㣡
ʵϣͶ·ϵ̫ã˱ϾͬΪϵĶӣպ̳жҼҵҲ֪˭˶ҪѸԼʵΪʵǼʲʺϵҼΨһ׼
ζ·ʱϲɱĹøҲΪΪȹܹøףʶʹ͹ô׷϶ĽŲͻӵĸˡ
ãҪץСӣ
һкҲɲԶ⼸˵Убıףˤϼ߹ǵĶ·˵ˣĸףϡ
·Ҳǹһ磡
ڳҲǵͷܣҵ飬㣬Ƕңһץס㴦ã
л磡
·ﲻ˼۵ʵⶭȴʤ·̫࣬ҧͷ
ߣҲѵǸһ֣һսȻݳǣ
˵
ݳǣΪԼʲôèˣҪץҵĻǶȫϰɣһһվҪݳڣǶңȵ


1385 ǣ
ϺͶ˵ʵ̽һȻ֮ΧĲҪǿ̫࣬Ǿʵһξ룬Ȼξ벢̫󡣵Ȼֻ˺ϵĲ࣬ϵĻĪ
Ȼаջˣ𶭼ҡ
ƾҲҪҶңҶһˣ˺Ƥͷ³
˵ûͷ³㵭˵
Ƕϸһ룬ղһâѾͷʬ嶼ٵˣȻŭȻ˵ҵ³
г˫һߣʨϣնɱǰˣ
£Ҳһֻޣʨ֣ܲ³ʨӵģͨɫ˸ɱĿ⣬ſѪڣǳȥ
һսȻҪ
ס֣
֮Уһ֮󣬷˼㶼㱻ˣǶȻڵأʨ˻һ
һֱŻĶϼˣ⹧Ĺֵ


ƹݳǵѹֻ
㿴ˣʶ̽⣬ȴȻ֪˵ʵľȻԼ֮ϣ˶ԵУ㵹а취ɱˣ
ò꣬ʵȴѳһٶֻ꣬˾֮פձ֮ЧǳŶϵͷǿһ㣬㣿
㻹δڣ·˵㣬Щɱģ
ҵһ۶·նһǵ棬·ǵؿֱӵɶ
¡һˤڵϣ˶𺳵ϺͶɫ۱䣬˵ҶӲҪðģ
ϣúù̶ܽӣĻ·Ժ֪ôģҺȵ
ͷ
ߵԣ㣬ɱ飬Ȼ֪㲢ݳˣɱô֪ݳǴΣ
ϣ·һԴϲҪ֪˵ˣô·ɱɱѾϴˡ
Ҳ֮٣ǺݳǵĻԹսǱⲻ˵ģֻʱˣݳڵĵһ֣峤ܵشȻ֪һ㣬ûնɱ飬Ȼ¶ˡ
Ѷ·ɱ׸ǣҲȻãҪǣͱҪļֻ֣ȭͷӲˣǲŻ˱ᡣ
Ǹ۲۵˲ţıù͸·ϱ㲻ѿˣܹļ㣬Ȼܹϴó
Ȼ֪ҵ뷨ͷΣȥǻһƽɣ
˲ţݳǣԺ汾ڳлɱһ£ܼ̣˵
˵Ըأ˵
㲻Ը⣿ݳڶΪ٣޾ҪʲôܸʲôصĴֻ³˱ܹ𣡡˵
縡ƣǮҸΪŮ
§ߵĺľžգǲ˼ѽɽøңҲûȤݳһֱȥ
˵⻰ûװƣ磬ӵܹӵеһУǮЩʲô磬ӵеŮ˺գҲ㹻ˣ޷̼ˡ
Ȼⰽ˵ָܹ̻ΪĻῼǰæġ
ҾĿ㣬û뵽ôջ»˵㻰㵽ʲô
һδ˵Ǽ˵Ҹոձ˵ҪǶңôھͿʼɣ
еѪ
һձһлˣҶ·ҲΪһ仰Ҵˣɲҿڡ
ҵ˶һ仰Ūƿԡ
Ҳ˵㣬㵱ű棬Ҫ𶭼ң
Ҫɱˣûܹ赲˵ģ
˵Ͱҿûа㽻飬ⶭҵ˼Ȼ׷ɱҪۣ
ߣǱأ
һȣ˫̯ȫɢǿʹΧ˶ĵϵ˵ǽɾĽվȻ
ֵ֮ϣҲδ˰벽ִһǿߵĽȫ𿪣ľվߣûбǿӰֺ
˵ˣڵľӦ˾ͽվ֮䣬ڵġ̫֣ŵľ̫ߣҪܴˣѣ
ҲǴⰽҲҵĶ֣ڰҲҪٻָʵǱ֪ݳǣ»鷳
ʵǹʮ
ĽվȻκβֺľ磬Щף
Ҳ֣㣬㿴ΣҲҪݳǣҲڸ𶭼ң
ȻŸ𶭼ҵʵԼܹ㡣
޷ļ㣬ҲɱˣĻݳǵˣ˭˸
ľ㣬δ˵񣬺Ȼˡ
˶ڵĻӦӰȴͻȻƾʧѪȻָǶĲӣҵ˶һϸ˵㣬㲻ҪɱҶӣǶ֪ˣӦ׷ɱ㣡
ŵ÷һٽֺĺҪжϣ
ˣǵĺѾϸˣ
ͻȻһźԶ
üͷһ壬ô죬Ѿ߻ˣ
㣬ݳڵĵһѾˣܷʱºͶҵĶԹ汾Ǳܹһѣ
˵ΪݳͨϰҲã޸֮Ǻɱǽ֮أ
ڲҲð亹ɲǼ䣬ǰǰѪȴǱ𣬶Ҳ˿գִɱңˣ
㲢δ˵§źľ֫ʧǰ
ǿӭУҺȵ
ݳ⣬ĺţƶɣɾһƴ棬ǽ˿ɶ
Ҳûдӳǽֽ֮ȥҪƳţֱ̤ݳǡ
ǽ֮ϣݳڵԴǵвپսʿǸߴͣȭˣҲݳڶԿµսʿǡ
ЩսʿǶ˻ţмǿҵЩֱЩ׷׿
Ϊ׵һŰɫĿ棬ȵңݳնɱһӺ˲бǲݳǣܶԵȥĺսʿ
ңɸҴ򿪳ţһս
ľ룬ݳڤƶɣΪܽݻ٣ţȻǲῪģ̤ݳǣƹţǽսĹذɣ
ڰ統У潻սӳ򣬱ǻ˹أҲΪݣ
鷢ˣȻǽᱻǹԺҪںڰ統㣬ϼѡ
ȷ沿ӵвδһλܹƿݳţѵһӶ޷̤ݳô
ľϾҲֻһ죬ͳǺȷ沿ӣǵֲδˣţǼпܻ
ʱݵĴȴǡһˣһ׹˴ӳŵͥŲһ˳


1386 һ򵱹أ
ң㾹Ҵ򿪳ţɣ
ľһŴ򿪣Ц
ҲǾȣһˣͺľ˾Ȼûгǣ㲻æˣ˿̾Ȼ򿪳ţѵҪǵ˲ɣ
ͺľӳھֱ˳ľ˵㣬лӦҰæϻԭǰеͨˣ̤ǵʬ壬Ǻţһţͨ˱ؽɱڰ磬ûͨ˵ıģ
ԼҲô𣿡㵭Ц
ǺľŰɫ䵶ȵȻѿֵǣҳ尡
Ƭųųȥ
գ
Ųõ涼죬
䣡
ӰͻȻһѪȻŵһЩǰĵһԵѷ죬棬Ȼֿˡ
Ȼɫâ϶֮һ͸ϢϢǽ磡
Щײȥȫײˤڵϡ
ľͷԾһͣס
㾿ǺˣȻΪǴ򿪳ţΪҪ½磿
˵ǵĺΪɱҪңݳ޹أ
ɱģݳˣǹݳкβɣ
㵹ˣҲݳˣ˵
ΣҺľݳǵľǲģ
ľ˫䵶Ȼһǵȴǻڽ֮ϣ޷Ӧ
ǽ֮ϣҼ״Ҳǵͷ㵹ǸɵƯȽ磬ɾ֮µߣ޷ƳľҲֻһȷˣʵһ㣬ǵĸǰĽҪƳ
ƴ㵲סһʱҲסһ˵
˱ȵ
˱Ǵǽݳǣ˱ŰɣǵϾܸ磬Ǳضܹƽ⣡ľ˵
ȴҡҡͷǵУûǰĴڣ
Ϊôаգľʵ
㲢δ˵µĽ統кз׭Щһƽ˵ģһֱͲǺܹԼڵϵΪȼΪ統еľѾߣص򣬵ҲˣֻҪ⣬ʵȫָ֮ǻ統еҪǿϲ١
ȫõĽ磬¾ҲһܹƳˣĿǰĵȼ޹أľйأͷ׭йأȻʵ̫ǻǲһġ
ֻ㵹ǲǵлгԽĴڣϾߣͽݳˣαصȵ֮ʱ
ݣ
㿴żڵԶٶȼ죬תۼ\ľԡ
һˣ
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Ҫ֪ҴʱΪ֮ϣ
˿ҲǸеĸˣ
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ţޱǿ󣡡
м˵
༸ˣ˺ȵһˣø
ó޸ϵİҶ΢΢üˣмʵĴڣͱ£ǽɾڣ㾳ڽɾʮ֮ϣ
ƽʱЩ˲ݳǣ峤һˣȫˣǿЦ
㲻˰˵
΢΢ҡͷȻҶ״߻һŮˣƱգЩڴģ
Ŵ󸫵ȻԾһ£޴ĸնн磬¡һ죬ȻȫٺǸɵķش
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УԹص˭뵽δսȻԼˣ
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˱
ٴ˵磬Եĺľʵ㣬Ƿʱ۵ûȫʩչ磬ĻΪλɶأ
ͷ۵֮ʱǿҪžԸ磬ֻҪ㹻Ǿ͹ˣ磬Ҳ
㲢û˵Ҳɣ
ϾŨȺŨȣ첻̫ࡣ
ˣܸܵڰڳɱ
˵ڰ磬ƱһӦڣӦûŪã㲻ûѵŪģˣ벻ͨǵҪκӦڣ෴ٶȻҪϲ٣˲죡
һڰ磬ٶȣڹʮңٶȣȻڶʮң
켶ʽʹʱ޿̶һ㣡ҺĵһƬһ㣬ֹжն٣ǷޣҶȻܲЩ
ҲǵͷȱΪ׸ԭһ̣֪һУ
Ѷ𾪣Ϊ׸ԭǶôǿΪ簡
벻һڵߣȻƲ磡
˺ܴݻݳţҪȻһƿ磿
ȵʿף
𣿾Բ
㵭˵Уͬħ
ߣ磬ƱƳúףԷ类ƿʱײΪ㣡ȵ
˺ʹǿӴ󣬻һֱӻ硣
飡
һײ쳹أ
涼𶯣ݳ¡
˿ЩѸٵĳ׺ոͣµĺʿȥ
ûܹĳʿףȻⷴˣ
Ǻ
ʿûսˣ
ˣʹú֮һ
ǷվݳǵףҪƳŵǹ߱İױ
Ƿǣǰ㣬Ҳֻǲһ磬ˣʩչǺʿǻᱻȫ
ȷľҲˣ˵˺̫ƳˣȻ´εȵչسݳǾһս
һᣬδ뵽״Ҫ֪ԭļƻУ˿Ѿ̤ݣʼˣȴ벻һʶ˸ıһ֡
ȵ㾿ǺˣΪҪݳǣ
θɣ˵
ߣǿǴȴڱչأأǾ۷ʱڣҲǲУ
ȵ
㵹ǲԸЩǵ˴̣ȻѾɡ
񶼲УھʶʶǴأ
ݳУһ˳ǵֱӴзؿڣĶƥ֮£ƥɫƥȴҲǼһŲڷĶ֮ϣȻ


1387 ȥ
Ӱһһ˳ԣǿʹúľ΢΢Щ𺳣ȴ§§Ե˶˵£
ľҲĬȻͷ޴ĹӰڹ統УľǼʶģǳǰʥ࣬ȴһĪƣƣκˡ
Ȼƾˣʵǿ󣬵ȴûһ˿ɫľйأϾվ۷ˡ
ĺʿȴǾŲѣȻš
Ҫ֪ǶΪˣԣǲŸҴѹľݳһֲ
ոǵֱʹ÷ߵֶһȻ״ӵϼղǵʵ̫ؿۣȻûгɱ֣ܷ⡣
ˣ¿ɺã˵ĽҲ޷ƽ⣬ǰһҪɱ
˵
˼ǳ𣿡
ȷľ˵
֮ưˣڻδأǵأ񶼲Ƕֻ֣ˣʱΪʵ鷳
ǵ˵ȶһأΪܹ֪˿̵Ϊжǿ֪ڵΪȽڻͣ¾ͲΪˡ
ǾΣ֡
ǽԵͷȫģȴأٽݳǣ
ã
Ŷȵ峤ҴݳǼһǺǳбɱ¼ǵǾԲ֣
ߣҿڳԣŲһˣݳ£ʬҰȵ
ߣŵøϽȵ
еĺתǵ·ܵˡ
ݳϵ˼ǵ˶һҲѵ״̬Ƕ˵峤һЩŵĺʿȫܵˣ
ȴҡҡͷǸµĻ㣡
ӳһҲ¡
ͷ㣬㣬ϵң
첻˵أ˵
㲻ɱ㣿Ц
ĻǱˣڻûкãЩ֪ѵһ𣿡
ʶǿ󣬾Ϊ֮ϣܹ̽ĳġ
ܴҲǼѸԭġ
峤ĻǱˣҳԾ
ͷǺڰˣǴӹģǰиʹ˾ȹңΪ˱ûƳĩȴû뵽˹Ľ͢Уұǽ̻ٻȥɱ㣬Ǳˡ
ܰˣͺڰ֮Ľ磬ƣǣĿӡʯ
ͷ÷ӡʯ򿪺ڰ֮Žģ
Ǻڰħôû磿ģ
Եɺϣ֮ѹЩħһһ𺳡
û̫࣬㽻֣ұоڰ磬Ͼڹ統УѾޱǿˣûаռ䣬ֻܼӿٶȣ
峤˻ûк𣿡˵
ûУļ̫ͣ޷ҵ괴ˣ˵
㻹
ҸոһʵѾ㾡ȫǺ˱ĻҲûа취磬ȴޱǿ󣬿ûҵĻЩҲǶȻûа취
ľĻо񲢲ԸһҲ˿Ҫ֪ղһֱ᲻鷳Ҳ֪ںڰʵǿ˺ܶࡣ
ԭˣΪ峤Ļ֮ѾȬȴû뵽ֻ峤ζԹɺϵĺܣû뵽㾹Ǳˣ
˵ȻҲǲΪϾݳǴĹؼڡ
ĩһŵʹǱٻ磬ҲȫԸձǿֲģشһҲ޿κΣ
˵
˵Ϊĳ֣СϧŻᱻǽ̻лɳˣ˵ף㻹ǷҵģҪڵΪûиԭɱ㣬ˣ㲻˵ҼʶʶôߣҪҪھͶ֣
ҸϽ˵ֵܰ峤Ҳ˵һŵҲûа취ΪУ飬˰ɣǿΣ
񲢲ΪĶԹݳǴԭܼ򵥣Ǹ˲ţһΪͣʹɾڵߺ޷ƣʲô
Ҫ֪ɾڵߺܹݻݳţΪҲֻڽɾڣȻֻһССľ磬ȴǱȷˣǿʮࡣ
ߣ
һѵûϣң
ȵ㣬ҪţڻȻܵشҪܴ˿Ϊ㣬練ƣֻǣϾݳǣҲΪУ
У㣬ոսڰ磬ڵƱҪһӦڣĻڰٶȽа취ɹӦڣ˵
а취ʵ
ȴǴˣ㲻ҪɹӦڰɱҳֱǣ
Ǿ壬ܹڰ֮ţڰǺڰΧҲǹڰĵطֻɱ¾޾ɱ¾Ũȱ֮ڰҪ֮ͣȴҪ߳࣬һʱ䣬ٻصڰ磬ΪضҪٽһ˵
ܿڰ֮ţǣ㲻ܱ֤ܴӺڰصڰ簡˵
ںڰ֮УֻҪɾɱ¾ֱ֮ӽڰ磡˵
ˣ㲻Ǻڰɣ
˵
Ӧڰ浱źܶڰŨȲͣɱ¾ǵĺڰתΪҵΪָĺܿ죡
ԭˣҲǻȻ
㣬ڰ浱жһЩڰߣԸӵԣȻҲֻǴ󲿷֣һҲΪ˳ɾɱ¾֮Ŭţ
˵ãÿһεɱ¾֮ȻҪʼ
죿
ڰ浱Уڵı޾ɱ¾ÿ˶ˣÿɱһˣܴϻȡһݺڰ֮ȵʱ˭ȡĺڰ֮Խ࣬˭
Ǻڰ統Ув֣ǴӺڰɾɱ¾֮ģ
ͷѹڹ磬ڰǰĵطԭֻΪ˳ɾɱ¾֮
Ҳ˵㣬ڰ浱Ҳ֣ңǾܹ򿪺ڰ֮ţвҲܹ򿪵ģǷ׷װǱڰ棬ĿģҲΪ˳ɾɱ¾֮Ϊңֻʱ䣬꣬ûаƿԣ
Ҳ˵һΣûгɹҪ֮󣬲ٴɱ¾֮
㣬ҪȥľҲʵ
ҲҪȥһ˺ڰɾɱ¾֮Ҫͻع磡˵


1388 ڰ棡
ԭȥһ˺ڰ棬ڰ浱ŲŨȵֻɱ¾ܹɱˣѶԷĺڰ֮תΪܹΪָ٣Ͼںڰ绹ǹ磬㶼ɱˣǺڰ棬ȴûκε
ľҲΪԭŽڰģѺľͻع磬ľԼڰ磬ǰȫϾڻûлָΪ
ҲŲȥ
ľ˵Ҫڰ絽Ҳܹҵģ𣿡
ľЩ᲻ˡ
ҡͷϱҵİɣ˿ɲǴεģΪָƿڰ͹Ľ磬ٴ㵽䣡
ƿڰ͹Ľ磿
Ͱһ㣬㲻ڿЦɣ񿪱ٺڰδƿڰ͹Ľ磬Ǿ޷ﵽ
ǰûУΪ㲻ڣԺǾͻ֪ˣš
㣬ҿɸ㣬ڰȻܹͨ磬ǣнڰҲģܳԽɾ޷ڰ棬Һڰߵִڰ棬Ũ½ʵҲ½Ҳһƽ⣡
Ҳ˵ǽɾ߽ڰ棬ٴӺڰ磬Ҳ̻ͬһˮƽ磬ɲ̫˺
ͷ㣬ץʱ䣬һؾ壡
ûã˱壬㵹ǲ̫İϾսڰ磬壬Ѽ˴һӡ
峤ˣ빧ͷ
˵ǿ峤Ͻ
㿴ʶţȴȻķ֣⼸˵ʵǿĺܣ񶼱Ȳ⼸ˡ
ĳϾȻ治֪ǵôҽݳǡ
⼸һ֣ﻹкĴڰ
Ǽһ£רнѣ֣ξʲôԭǹ
Ƕ൱ġ
㣬⼸˶ҾгϣΪԳԽɾǵ˶֪ǵĴڣΪ˰ڰ棬ҲֻܰϾȻ֪ƿڰ֮ŵİ취ȴûǰǿΨнλϵаգ
˲֮ˣΪƿڰ֮ţ˷ڰ
һλ˵
ƿڰ֮ţҪӴ֧֣ÿҲֻʹһΣҲ˵λǴӦôδ꣬нû˻ڰ棬ʱ򣬱Ǵγɾɱ¾֮ĻᡣȻ£רȴҲϣо˲ţ¡
λϣǶڱչȻ֪ڹݳǣڵĻܵشʵǰٴϯݳǽᱻƣ
˵һԵİҲ˵λϣݳǱƵĻϰǿɾҪˣţڰ֮󣬻ܹ漣
̶죬ɾɱ¾֮ûܰ쵽ǲм
˿ȴһǹû˸ڼλǰ
˵⻰ͬʱɢһɾԵİ֮ƣȫλ϶𺳣ǲܿľ磬Ǿεĵط
ɾϵ߸޷ڰ棬ȥҲû취
һλ˵ȻѾϿʵ
峤ȴ˵ΪĿǰҲڽɾң
ܣ
ɾôǿƣʶﲻ
ûʲôܵģλϾܴ򿪷֮ţǽȥˣ֤Ļˣ˵
Ҳ˵λϣΪݳǵİΣǰæ
ֻǽɾͷ
ҲգݳҲǾϢ֮أǼȻԸ棬ҲӦΪݳǾһΣ
򿪷֮ţ
ͷǼԭػһܵҲ㵼µġ
λ֣ǺԽԽ֮ϣһȦȦ˿̣Ҳʼ
Ҿȵǿҵ
ȦΧƵĵطʼ³ȵ㣬ǿȥסֻʱ䣬Ҫһа취ɾɱ¾ֻ֮ٵܻ꣬
ľ˵Ҳȥ֪ȥ֮ͻͻؼˣ
У
źľֱԾȦ
˿̣ȦʧʧĶˣλ˵ǽ⾳󣬽⾳ߣȻܹǰǿƣˣ
ոʩչ˿ɫȻ԰ףһΪ˵ˣѣǵĵˣѣ
Ҳ˵Ըܹɾɱ¾֮ݳǵһιƣ
һģѵûзڵôҶڵǷ
ܰɣ氡
ҵ֪ЩĲܹתΪʽ˵Ļڰ棬Ǹ̬һĴڰ
ҾȣΪʲô
Ļڰ㲻ܵŨȵҲܹӰٷ֮ٵˣڰ棬ң
˵֪һ㣬Ǵ
˵꣬ҲһƬϲɫǼλҲͷ

֮С
ɽĺǶЩȻɾ߽һգȷľ˵ղȻ֣ʵԭǳŴչ֮ʱǣǿǺã
ᣬȻǿ󣬵ҲأǲԵģҲسǰˣ
˵ĵķǰңˣĽ̫֪Ǻξ磡
˺ԻݳţȴƲ˵Ľ磬δ֣ǳ֣Ƕ֪ܻܲأ
Ƕڴʵ
˿̣һӰ˸һǡ
ˣ
ǹӰȴҡͷһȺѵֻбأǲܹݳţ
³б䣬ݳڣһˣΪȻͻ˽֮
ңʵԭոѾ˼
ʲôд£Ҳԭˣ
ǵӰҲüҲ֪ҪȻֱļһ֣ͻƽɺڻһߣţ֮ڣܳأ
죿
˵֮󣬽ݳǸ֮գ
ߣԭΪܹڱչصʱ򣬴غõϢȴǲ֪ǾȻɽҺʿȻʧ֮һ
Ⱥ
ǹӰٴǿ
˶ǱĲҳǹӰһʧڴ֮С


1389 
ͺľڹȦʧ֮󣬱һƬ硣
ûһͨˣһ죬᳹ץ񣬵ߣҰˣľĿɼȴǼͣϾҲֻֻ֮һߡ
ⰵĿɼȴǼߣѴļˣѾǺڰˣ
ҲǵͷŨֻһ㣬ԶѾкڰɱһɱ¾磡
ľԴҪͻع磬һã˺ڰ棬Ҳ䵭û˵һ仰ľߵļͷ˵ؼҲ𣿺ںڰƯҲ֪ٹܻȥľûгĽŲǰˡ
ݣݣ
֮УӰɱâ˺ڰһ˺ȵкǿҵĺڰ֮Ǳˣɾɱ¾֮Ļᣬֻһ֣
ǸɱңǲŹģԺڰĸ֣ڰ棬ɱ¾һУûܹܵ
˸ո˵꣬ǿǰһֱɱĪü֮гһѪȻǱɱˡ
˭
һУѾſԶһ
㣬Ҳ֣ɱڰߣȡһЩڰ֮
ңΪʲôҪ㣿
ҲĻҿԳȫ㣡Ц
Ȼηĺܣ˵Ǻڰ統УʹˣһΪˣڰ۾ûκ谭˲꣬յĺڰ֮ѾȱĶҪ٣ڰɱ¾֮ľ֮УҲǰ죬ҲţܹƾŸǿΪɾɱ¾֮ٴνڰ磡
㿴޵Ҳ˵ɱ¾֮ǰʮЩ
֪İɣҲûˣ죬µɱ¾֮ˣҪ뾺Ļֻٵˣ˵
Ҫ죬ǰʮɱˣǲǳɾɱ¾֮һ֣
˵
ɱɱǰʮڽЦ𣿺ðɣҸ㣬ﲻԶиȫǽֹɱ˵ģҲܹЯĺڰ֮ж٣ǰʮﶼģ
˸˵꣬б͸һɱȻɱ㣬ȡĺڰ֮
뷨ûдһ֮ͷ­㱻㿳
ȥȫ򣡡
˵꣬Ǵźľٵš
㿴ԶȻӿЩУŵ⣬âΧ֮ûκЩ˶졣
ֻҪǸȦںڰ֮Ķ٣ʯ֮ϣһ˺ȵ
1971
и˹Ȧʯ֮ϣ1971ĸ֡
˰յ1971Ҫȵһ꣬пܳɾɱ¾֮ˣ죬Ͷڰȫɣ
ȫУӡ˵ûܹⰲȫʹԣٺڰߣɱ¾
15900
һĮ˵˹Ȧ
ʾ֡
˶ۡһ
˵˲˰꣬ǺڰʹˣһΪˣôڰ֮Ѿˣ
Ƿ˼꣬üʧڰȫ򣬺ȻҪȥɱˡ
Ҳ߽˹Ȧֻܿһʮĺڰ֮
ڰ֮Ҳʹò˸Ͳȥעļһ
ȫһ¥Ҳ֪˭ģ¥ֻоƣû⡣
ϰﴩķɧܹӦĳϰΪͣڹ磬ҲаǸȼġ
ϰ￴ͺľ£ҲӭλӦŽڰİɣǲ֪ǴӹǺڰ磡
㲢δ˵Ϻþ
ϰ˼̳ƣϡ
һž㣬̺
ϰﾪȣҲλǴӺڰĸˣСӦһޣ
ϰҲͨˣ𣿡
ЦҲϰ˵ЩʲôƱһ
ϰ˵СѵȾƣ
ϱ̥ʮ£ѵ
˵꣬ǿΧ˶ˡ
״ѵж
ڲŷ̫ˣұǶǰȫڵĺڰ֮ȫᱻգֱ̫ˣϰЦ
漴̧һСЩԵȫȥ
Ҳ˳
ľȻûкȾƣһңⰲȫֺްͲϰĶ֣ҲǱϰ
ϰ˵ǰȫ򣬱˵Ϊ˳ɾɱ¾֮ҲֻܱˣǵҲвٺڰ֮֮ܶˣֻҪְ취ҳɾɱ¾֮Ҳǲûϣģ
ſңŮˣĳ̫ݶˣľ˵
ĳݶڰ棬ĳͱ˳ԵˣСãûаڰ֮ͷˣ
ϰ붯˺ڰ֮ȴǲ֪Զһ׹ֳ
ãȻǸ֣
ʹˣԭΪҺ׷ǰˣȴû뵽ϰ˷ݺңŶڵĺڰ֮Ҳܲȫˣұܳɹһλɾɱ¾֮Ļᣬһ֣
㣡ѵһֱңϰ˵
Ȼ
ɣЩȫø㣬ߣ
Σ
ʹһҪնϰڴ˿̣С֮ϣȴǱһϹǵϹֱӰеĳϡ
ʲô㾹Ȼûжϰ˶ͬʱȡ
ǰٶ֣Ĳ壬СҲҪñ־ܣϰлĿ඾ʹñ۴Ҫôĺڰ֮
㿴һʹˣҪǱûмǴĻڿһĺڰ֮Ҫ㣬ܹһԾϣֱӳΪǰ
ɱңÿҴӺڰҲǽɾĸ֣Ϊʵܹ߹ң
ϰҲǺȵСӣ̫ˣֻǸģ㻹Ĺ桭
صľֻû˵꣬ϰǸоһϹ⳯ȥ˲㱻ˡ
һ̣ºľһֻûɫ棬ֱӴС֮ϣСըЩڰ֮Ҳȫˡ
ʹû뵽Ҫ֪ո㱬ʵǱҪǿںڰ档
ҲǺڰˣ
ͷˣɾʵۿۣۣȴǲᣡ
ʲôܣ
ȥ˵ܰɣ
һɫʹؿڣ̱ǻҷˣõ˵ĺڰ֮ʹڰڵôСս˿ڵƿһ


1390 
͵ϵ߲ͬ磬Ѿ۷ʵûĸûгƵģԼʹػصҲֻҪҪȥᾳ顣
ڰ棬ɱ¾յĺڰܹ֮תΪڰ浱еŨҲȷʵʹΪָ١
ˣڰֱڸûκյԽ࣬ʵָԽ죬ڵʵѾԽںڰˣ˵
ʵڰ統УҲߣڰȷʺһָΪϧֻ죬ҵһӣ֮󣬱մ󲿷ֺڰߵĺڰ֮
˵ǿľٴ֮ǰȴȥ
Ҳȥ
ûѡ񣡡ҲԸ˵
ľҧŴڱ𣿡
Ǹˣ
סľѪֱ˺ڰ͹Ľ紦
ŴĺڰߣǶɱһЩսߡ
һһɱ飬ȥʲô£ڰ浱У㲻ɱˣǲȱ
ЩڰȫɱתΪ

ϻᵱУȻԴ۵֮󣬱ûлָ
᳤ֻɵŮʧˣ
˵ʧҲֻǺûпľʬ壬Ĵһ˿ϣˣôӴУˣҲ϶޷ʬģɾôһŮ޷鵱߳
᳤ѾѰľС䣬ǧҪ˵
ɵͷûзԶҲ֪һţĳ䵱У
᳤Դϴ۵֮͢ҲѾ۵ϻʤһε۵ĵص
͢ǽ̻ǳ飬ߣ
һ͢һŭһϣһƱžһˡ
˶ҿȻ֪ɻ᳤Ȼͷϡ
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ľ˵Ǹ쵰
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츮Уּҡ
ڰ֮ϧǻصּңûΪ뿪ǷϣΪѾ֪ǷӣһֱΪȥϢҲʹϧĵдϣǾһٻ
ǸʱһҪ㿴һԼ
ĸһֱϧסһڣڣ֮󣬱ǰѴ󲿷ʱ䶼˼ͥУ˾ȫϧԼ˾ܹ
һ죬ּԼӥɽȥݼ÷ֻ˵ķĹڹԢԶĵطʱͻϧĸɽݼ
˵ķĹţʻڷĹϣдʣ÷Ҳһӽ̵ĲãΣҲҵΣӲ̣֮⻰˵һûʱҰ̫ʱ䶼˴ƴ棬ȫ˶ӵĹذûɲţҲΣһˣȴ˺ܶˣϧһֱû֣ԹҲ㣬ϧ֮һֱŰףû֮ܵĹϵ˵֮ìܣһһͳɵģ
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Դڷ֮󣬱ǿʼ˥ˣҲǸ޷ּҿ⡣
ٴѾʧ磬һֱҪһ׽ϧ
˵׽ʵҲϧŪϴֻҪӲϹɹˣ˵ٻܵŮ
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ϧ绰ķӦʱ䶼ûУ¾ߺͨ˵ࡣ
ϧ˴Ƶ꣬˫˫űŵҪ޿κΣǿңĻҰְֲĹǵģ
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ңϧȵ
һңϣһңҰٲ顣
ԽԽһ˫ħצҪצϧ˿̣һȴһٵƾȻĶˡ
Ŀģ
ϧոձ۾¸ղһ˲Ѫȣ㿴УˣвѪҺϧ

ʹû뵽ᱻ˿˫ơ
ϧ۾Ҳǿ˰ѪܵƶڴϣһԺȴǸֳһ㣬𣿡
һ̣һâֿնɱߣ֮һְѰһ߷ɡ
ӥ壬ô㣿
ϧвЩʧ
ӥȴ˵ȷ㣡
ʲôأ
ϧ˫˫ŵӱ⿪֮󣬱ǳ⿴ȥӥ壬أ


1391 ֮·
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ӥ˵С㣬ʱ䲻ܼ࣬һѾˣ
ôᣡһ棬ȴûпһ۰ôϢľˣ
ϧŵܳ˾Ƶ꣬Ĵ֮ȴٴȻʧĸоŽֵȥ㣬ƭӣȻˣȴң֪üҲ֪Լԭ򣬵㣬ΣҶּҵ㣬Ҫҵȵ̫ã
Ҫ֪ϧǶ̩ŵܣһԳƵŮˣ˿̾һСһ㡣
ˮĽֵûгϧ˼ĺˣӥվڱϣдԣȴǴһӥ壬ҪغڰˣҶʮСʱСϧˣ
ȻģԡӥʵҲ޷жںδֻܰοС㣬ǻȥˣһٻģ
ϧͷһģ˵

֮󣬺ڰ档
һɱ¾֮ȵʱ̣кڰ浱еĺڰ߶ϵȫ
ȫΧǵ⣬ЩŷӡѪЧʹеĺڰ߶ͬһ㡣
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һʱȦʧҲζţһεɱ¾֮ʽʼ
Щǰеĸ֣ûǶҪץʱ̣ɱ֣ȡڰ֮
ЩˣǶⰲȫñɱɣ
ٺڰ߶š
һӰһʱѸǶȦУĺڰ֮
28769
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ǰ˽ǳɱڣ굱УҲ֪ɱ˶ٺڰߣУУɱˣԡ
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Ѽ˵죬Ҫһ֮·


1392 ߣ
Ѹ˵꣬ǰǳһխĹӰӰȻһ·ӰΧǸգһֻ̤棬ܹܵص״ıǣֵȴҲǱǺڣɼϢ
֮мźǿҵϢ֮·Ȼߣ˵
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ԽԽ죬·ֻһ֮·ʹЩϢҲǡ
Ӱûֹô߶ԭĵطγѪ񵶣һնأһν֮·ˣôٲ۱ȫˣҿûɱ¾ܹ֮ߵ
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ЩϢ޷ֹ㣬ȥҪռ䡣
һӹӰ޴һȻûеֵס˼һλȴǳǰԭ㻹һնߣߵò㵹ǾȵķѪ񵶡
㣬㻹ǵͷǻ߿ɬһЦ
һʯͷҲȻн죬Ȼǵ㣡
˵ǰͷڵһٿǮһʯͷǸܿүү벻Ӱۼﰡҡһ䣬һλ㶼͸ĸ֡ε𾪣ԷóĶ
ΪҪҵˣ˵
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վԭصͷ㣬ȵΪԭʱ֪ܵģ

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ǰݳţһΣһ˲ͨ磬赲ǣһΣ˲ڶԷУҿţ練ƣ
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İҪһƻҵʱһӴĵâȴںը죬һٴǧʿ


1393 ںϣ
һǴǧİһ㿴һƬ£ɫף˵ִεȾˣȻâǿƣ
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1394 С
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ȷںϷ͵澭ǷΪһ֣Ҳǿķ𹦣ţҪ̫ʱ澭ŪˣȴǲɺĵͻϾҶߵҵͻȻĵȻгͻ
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ûʲô۳ںһģ
չһԾ𣬰Һ϶¶ı峤ҪҪȥںʵ̫ѣʲôͲˣ
𻰣һӰֳˣǲ֮ôԱǵĺ⣬۵ˣ
˶ǵͷڿ㣬ĵһĪľ˵㣬ѱݽʿռݣʲô㣿
㲻ǻñ۰ɽɣЦ
Ȼָ֣Ȥʵûȥǿһֱ֮У㵱Ҳδɣ
˵ʵĲ֪ϣܹҪ֪㲻ǣֻҪǵоס綨һ㣬Ǹַ
ȴҡͷҪȥѰˣ֪Ƕ˿Ϣ
壿Ī⣬У֪巽λ㣬ڹ㣬һΪǻأ˵
ҲҡҡͷҲ֪
˱߱˵˿ȴע⵽֮һǳǳĽ⣬⸡գûκʣǰȴͣ
ڰҺ˾ȵĿ֮£ֳΣ
⻯Σ
һźĵ˳֣ɢŵӰȻǻ״̬
Ŀ棬һ㿴㣬İĻСӡɢܹһʱ֪ģˣɱ
Ǳɱģ
㵭˵
İСĹϵǳɱǸԼ˾޴鷳⵽СĶɱ
㲻һȴ˲Ųű̾ͰǸˣ㱾ܵˣ
˵
ǰҺȻ˵㻰ôɣҲûҪ֪ǰ˿Сеĸ֣һԱĸ֡
ǵӰȴǲܸܵڵͻȻϹâˣҪСѪҵͽ
ԭİʦ
ǹӰлһɾӴΪȻη壬ǰҺȴǻҵĸϽȥСȻûнӴȴҲ֪һķ
иͷŵһǿǱ֣ǻ˵ã
˶ηվһԣȴǷγѪһնǹӰһֱǹӰɢʵ𾪵ĺܡ
һͷְҺ˶ˣҲһһ峤ձ㺦£ûã
㣬Сеĸնɱˣ
ͬʱȣǷ֣Դʶ㣬εȸ֣С
Ҫ֪֮ǰľ磬ֻǽɾڡľ磬ƺҪһʺˣ
ֻһˣ˵
ɿȶĸ֣㣬ڵľ絽Ǻεȳ̶ȣ
˺ڰٷ֮ʮĺڰ֮Ҳָ˲Ϊ
ش赭д
𾪵Ŀ⣬㵹ǲң񣬱ҪȥѰһˣԺлټɣ
˿ȥıӰĬȻ¶һĿ⣬Ҫ֪źʶû죬ΪȴһǧҪ֪ɾ֮Ǽ㡭Ƕ֪ʲôΪٶˣôûĿɣ
ˣ߱ΪΣ
ǵǴﴫ
˵ΪĲںС
ոǺлǿıֻȻİʦ϶ǲŹģСУҲ֪᲻ͨĸ֣ʱ㶼Σգ
ڰĿģǻָΪ۷״̬ǻͷĳ֣ҲñɽɽȻܹƿռ䣬ñѡ㲻Ǳǰܹﵽģۻܸǿ
ǿ
Ҳǿ˻ͷƿռ䣬ҲǿǺεȵ˿һ㻹ҪǿЩš
˵ģܽ͵ںϣΪؽ٣澭۵ȫܹ͸ˣϣСܹۣ
ҪȥС

ͷ

Сڰ統зŵеǿ
İҲû˵СеȷƼǷŸ֣ͨ졣
գƽ˾ǵִСҲ֪ԼУǣ֣ܸܵСĴڡ
֮УڷڶЩ϶ɢŽ⣬Ȼ֮䣬һҼ羹ȻѿǷ񻯳ΣȻǸղűһһĺºС
ºбȻˣϷɣƬ̣ɫŻָ
һ̣ΧķȫΪΣǿǺºнΪ𾪣ȣôˣǸܵһ˿壬ν£
ǺºҲԣֵлûһⲼֳ֮Ӱ
˵λʦֵܣң
Ǽ˶ͷִһͬעڣеĲԽԽ󣬽ЩӰγһΡ
İ
λʦֵܣİȵͽܣĻҲӡС֮УţҸоİĻͻȻɢǻһǰǲ쿴ȴѾİʬ壬ҷֵ磬ĻǣǬռ
˵
ʦͽһλɱ˸ǿڳԣηСͽɱв
İί
ɱȻСڶȣҪ۳Σ׸ԭʣûиǲеġ
жţ˵ȣղɢҲǱɱ
ɱͽȻҪСȴû뵽Ȼһնɢҵǵʹұܵ˲СĴˣ
ȣһҲжݳУȻȸ֣
û֪úιΣоʵӦڶ֮ϣ
ͻ˶ѵҲɾ֮
Сг˲š


1395 սߣ
֮Ǻڰ統Ϊһˮ롣
֮ڻǵƿΪǿǺºߣͨɷָһֻǳǶİǳ壬ȫĻԣİ㣬ֻܻɢȣɢһСֵĻ
ȥֻһ磬ʵϣȴ֮
֮ΪŽףÿһ׶ǼѣҲֻǳߣ֮ɷָΣˣҲҡҡͷ
ʦλʦ岮ͽ࣬ŸճɾͶ㱻ɱĻɢʦĻܹ߶ǬռҵĻǣҴ˿˵ˣ
İ˵ȻѾǺ΢Ļ״̬ϲŭ֣ܱڹӰϡ
ǬΪ죬ֻҪۼĻǣǱĻ𣬶޷ǬİҲע˽٣ⲻΥ˵
ʦܣİʦֶô˵һײ֮ˣһλ˵
ֹײУһն£ǧ꣬ĵϣ֪մ˶Ѫ
İ˵У¶ҪɱǧǰգΪҵʹģ
ǻܹĻ´˿İҪƴ
벻İоɱ˶ħҵǲڰԵ飬һרз𷨵ģȶħ֣Сǲȥ⸽ǣᰲ
ʦܣĻɱ»ӡڸ޷Ѱټ
ȻҪ»ӡʵ̫ǿ󣬱ĻҲֻж޷ӡҪǴ룡
λ߶ڴ֮ţһͯȴǴ洳˽λʦ𣬴²ã
˵
һλ֣ѾӦСĴڣƿСĽ磬ŷ
СЩͷûиƿôأñ𿴿˵˭
һλһһ֡
⾵ǷõǰһòţҼ紦һֻοɰСȺİˣһ𾪣˱㣬û뵽С
ʲô˱Ƕħ߶ȵ
лҲ΢΢üɱ̫أǽҪ÷𷨶죬ܷ̻壡
˵˵ܷ̻壬ʵϣǺɱҪɱ㣡
˿еǷڿ̽ǾȻֳһ˿аȻϹ⣬һһ㣬еľȻꡯһʧˡ
ۣ³һѪ
ðԵ
ߣߵķȻᱻˣ
߾㵵Ҫ֪֮ÿһףʮǿ仰˵֮߱߿Ҫǿʮ
ߣƿմˣȻʵѾԽ˶ߣ
еļλߣ¶ŵ𾪡
İȴ˵λʦ岮ѵηɱ˶ħİС޷ΪΣϣͷɣնôҷ𣬻ɢҲѵҪǶħɱҷ÷ͯ
ķͯİĻɪɪŰ˾꣬ʴӱСڷǰ޷ﾭ飬ŵöҳȥˡ
ǣ
ͯű򿪣ղž֮еƿӭŵŴС죬͵ҡͷȻأħ㲻ҪɱңҪɱҡ
ͯɱô
㵭˵¶Цݣ˵Ҳ֣ǷͯϵЦݣеĿ־徹Ȼ˲ɢˣħħһ㡣
İ㣬Ӱڸ֮в㣬㾹ȻС
Ŷô벻ȺлмɱˣǶܾȻ
˵
˵㣬մѪڻСҰ߶ǷǿߣҪɱ㣬練ƣ
ǿô۵ʶʶǷеķޱߣն
ֵһĽ⣬֮ʱ֮е߶첻ѣ澭㣬Ҳҷˣ
ߣǲǷǿҪɱ𣿡
ЦָһȣȷѾֵȴȻн⣬ǽⵯײǽ֮ϣ¡һŽӳֵǽڶײ̮
λȻţķȻǿĵزͶ֮䣬ȻһߣȻֻǳߡ
ǲ澭ؿ˵
ʦ
ʦܣ
ոջ˱һԵޱȣͲǷܹﵽƣоŷ꣬ǷǴܹܵĳģ
˵
ϺеûϹۣոǱõûķܱһȻ޷ܳеڣ
˵

λ߶һǵˣ
۵ǲĵŷţȴǶǷе澭ܸȤ
˵
ȤħҪǷİ˵
ǣĽ۾ٰˣ
γѪһն˹ȥİĻǾȻֱɢˡ
ȼİɢĻǹӰ׳ǬǻǹӰһıǬա
ԭȷİؾۻǵģܿϧҪɱˣǲκ˾ȻģֻǻҲУ
Ȼһ
㣬̫ΪС𣿡
λͬʱ֡
һͬʱ֣Сеĸ֣ıߣʩչķ⣬ЩвҲҴ⣬ϾŸո˺ڰĺڰ֮Ϊָ˲٣ȴ۷״̬вСʱ䣬һܸղλߺһ
¡¡
λߣС£Χǵ߼ĸֲ࣬ҲûСֵ߳ĿܣЩһԸһ˵»ǿٵͷһˡ
Щ߸ոճ֣ûп̫״һֻɱǰմѪҿڳԵĶħȫȻûпǵͯ㲻Զ߾ķǿʩչķ͸һ߿Ա˵ġ
ͯӴķŵȫ£ʧ꼰㣬̫Ӵ̫ԵҪ۾סЩǲַͯͯģ˵ССͯ߾֮µߣֻҪУɣ
ͯ۾뵽ֻҪܹɱǶħΣⲻǷ֮еҲ˭
ͯȻԼҪлҷʱһº͵ȴǰޱǿֱӵֵסλߵķ⣬ͯ۾ֻһɫâҫԼǰϹ֮⣬ʥ࣬ôһɲǣϹնķ⣬Ҫ֡


1396 Ǭ
λߺһ֮ŷַͯĴڣȻûڣˮգοӴķ⣬Ϲֵס֮ʱЩԺж֪ӦΪͯһˣΪ߼λֻķⱻǶħֵŭˡ
ͯĿ㣬һģһڷͯϣֱͯӱ⾢˵ħȻ·ͯ󣡡
ֻɱ֮ˣºУӱۻİĻǣ
һâеǬϣǷžͿҪװĹӰٴɢǬϣҲ˵İĻǣҲܸԭ
㣬ɱͽƴҲҪɱ㣡
ߺȵָһϵǬĴ˵ʦܣҪǬշǶħ
Ǭ֮ܹۼɢĻǣܽħҪǬУܾĥ
һ飬ۻڴ˵
еǬֱӸڰ֮УܹܵһǿǬдȻȻ̩ɽûбǬߣȴǱǿľҪļ
ˣǬҿ֧Ųסˣ
ߣǼȻñ۽ȥ۱Ը
һȣϹȫʧǹǿǬУȺλ߼дϲħǱǬշˡ
Ǭվħ㱻Уܴ޾գҹҪ꺮ʴߣҹҹսʧΣĻҲҪٰܾ尾ɢ
ߺŵİǬҲĬȻͷϹħܱǬο㣬ߺߣ
Ǭ֮Уռ䣬ľɽˮӦоУһƬõĿռ䣬ռ֮еһɽ֮ۡ
˵ˣûã֪Ҹոձռ֮УĻ㲻Ϊ˾ңȻᱻǬսȥ
㵹ûг۲ܣʶţǬУûֹȷʵ棬ǬʶҲϣ޷̽Ǭ
ˣǬУȻ̫֣
ѿ̫ЩԾ
ǲ̫׼ȷ˵ǣһһǬе֮ˣ
˵
ţѱǿź̫ȻɢӴĻЩֱ׹£䡯֮䣬˲䱻һ㡣
أ
㵹ûκηӦȴ˿ֲĽл쳹أȹǺһŵõˡ
ΧһƬƬ꣬Щǰޱǿ󣬵ڣҲֻӵһ˿ˣ
ʶܹܵĳ
һֻûϹ⣬һƬĻ򶼱Ϲڻ
벻ֽǬУ
㸽һֳǱħ֣òªԳ޾ˣҹҹ˪ʴϹֶҪǬɾҲʣһ˿ٹЩʱգ¾ҪǬлɢ
㿴һĻѸ£ҲֻԼǻˣΧġءЩİ˿
һĵطһ
ȵѪУһ̫֡ȥȻĵâȴǲδ˼ֺ̫֡ǻ׹ĸ˵㡣
أ˭ŭ֮ǿɶһЩҪɢħֵסҵķգ
һЩħʹ
ΧħҲ˵ˣƾڵ޷򣬺ģؽϹֶ޷һ㣡
Ǭек
˵
Ǭܹѹѹߣħһٱ
һûģҲ˵Ǭʵ޷ģ㲻Ǭûѹ޷ն
ٴλӳһһ֮ǰһϰٷһȴĺ̫֡
ԭϲŻ׹ı˪ȴڴ˿Ȼ
䣡
Ǻʱܹ˫صĴʱ棬ĺʱ˪ǬһֱĹɣ˪ͬʱֵ״⻹ͷһΣ
찡ѵЩ꣬Ҫڽճɢô
вʣвʰַҳȥϹħһҪС׻ˣ

㸽ħǿϾıӻ£ûܵκε˺
ˣǿЩҲΨһܹߣǣֻǺȴ޷ƿǬģ
ҪΣֱӻ𣿡˵
Щħ׷׵ͷֻҪǬ֮еÿռᱻƳǬͨ޷ˣ
ҡҡͷڵΪȴ޷һ㣡
Ҳ˵ˣѵֻܱǬУһóȥ𣿡
Щħ̾ϢһħѪ񵶵ĵ֮ϣȵǾѪ񵶣
ͷΣ
뵽ЩħΪСƿǬʵɣҪ֪Сϴںһս֮УʥײûУСҪˡ
оˣ
ⱾǺڰ֮еľϹħ֮ս磬ˣûз֣Ѫ񵶵Ļǣû𣿡
ͷѪ֮ǿĵֻ꣬⵶꣬㵽Ҳ֪λѡ
Ѫ񵶱ĵǻѣǬضᱻնƣҪ֪ѪϹʱʥͺһֻǰɣ
⻰֮ԱǣôϹʥǿʵа취СĻǣ
ˣȻûа취ֱӻѪ񵶱ĵ꣬ȴܹע⵶֮УΪѪµĵ꣡
㸽ħĻ㶼Ϊȡ
Щħ˼ܼ򵥣ǵ꣬Ѫ񵶵ĵ֮УΪѪĵ꣬ȻûѪĵǿȴѪ
Ҳ˵ˣǵȷоˣ
ã²˳٣꣬Է׭߶ǵĻǽ⵶֮У
˵
궼׷һļĹӰһγһȭͷСĹγɵĻǹ
㿴ǻǹҲǸܵǹ֮ϵЩȻ΢ǾۼһȴŲĻûκԥŵѪ񵶸գǹѪȴԿһ㣬֮УɢâҪǻǹ
Ѫĵֵǽ뵶֮С


1397 Сɣ
ѪϹħ֮սľǵ껽ѣϹħҪ֣ɼ䵶֮ǿ󣬶˿̵Ѫ񵶵Ȼûлѣ֮ȴǴʶʶǾԲǽ뵶֮еġ
Ѫ񵶶ĵ⣬ҲʹЩΪ־壬ȴսѪ񵶣۲㱾굽жǿҵҪڱۣЩĵĻҶǬгȥˣ
ѪֹͣЩɲǼ뵶֮С
ɢǿҵĹâսѪ񵶣⻹ǵһθܵѪ񵶱ǿף꣬Ѫµĵꡣ
ǿԸһܹ򣡡
帡գһӳһǿĵâԲ򣬵âңʱʹռת˪ͻ򣬴˿Ҳûд֮׹ˡ
İԹҲʱֹͣˡ
š̫ˣ˵
ûУҡͷ
Ȼһ̣Բٴֻͣһ˲ı˪ͻٴ£һʱ䣬İԹٴ𣬾֮ǰޱ仯һ㡣
Ѫе˳ΪӰ״˵Щǿû򣡡
ˣʹǬħȫں˵ܳɹˣ
˵Щң
һ곯Χģ߾£Ըǳȥ
ͼǰ˵Ǹħһɤӳȥռ䶼
꿪ʼ߾ۼ
оͰǻɢŻϢϹħȻһ˿ȴҲǱΧҪǿĶࡣ
㵽˭а취򣿡Ϲħ˵
ղŵһ򣬵ڶʹ˫Ƭͣתѵ˵˵ʵ𣿡һ˵
ߣ޴ͬһʱѣϹħȵ
ǻɱ۵Գȥס˪ͻڱ۱ӻĵط䱾۵ĲǣŲűһնˣ
Ϲħûб𣬽ֻһĻͲĶ֣Ļס˵б³ȥȻ㣡
Ϲħ֪еʲô
Ѫ񵶣
Ϲħһ۾ϳˣѹôаգҶˣѪϹħս֮󣬵Ȼ˯Ҫ꣡
ѾǬ̫£ֻǲ뿪ط
У
ϹħҡͷĻһںϳɹѪƿǬǽһֻڵгΪ꣬ϹħԶ󱧸ģһҪС
ߣϹħⱧǴҪ֪ȥĻκα壬Ǭٱ£Ҳɢˣʱ޶˵
ҲһӳΪ˵ĵ꣡ҿϹʱڵ֣Ҽֱһ裡
ǾĻȥ˪ͻζΪ꣬ٻܿ磬ǬУֻܳҹҹѣ

궼ͬ˳ΪѪµĵ꣬ȫںһ𣬿ԽԽĹӰ˵Сħ覴ñر֮ˣСζԱۣ۱ζǣĳ𣬱۱ؽ㱨ˣ
֮Ի˵ҲǿϹħǿܽѪ񵶵֮гɾ͵꣬ض߲ѪɹļִһɣߣϹħϹʱڵ֣ǸʱڵϷһ֪бضܹõԼҪõѶϢ壬ϹħҲ֪ܿ
Ϲħ˵Ҳ˵ˣϹħҳȥҲҪѼǧָܻ۷ʵ˵ǱޣԸܸ㣬Ϲ
䣬ϹħΪһ⣬ںǹӰУ󣬱ȫѪ񵶵֮С
˿̣ܵѪ񵶵ˡ
ˣֲ̫ˣһעǣȻ
˵
֮ҲϹħǵѾۣѪ񵶵ȻǿϽնһҲǬдȥˣ

Ǭ⣬С
λ߶ȻڴͻȻ֮䣬һΪΣüͷ΢壬ô᣿Ǭ˱ô꣬һֱȻ£ոôôĲ
ߣеǬǬ˿ðŰֺܴһ㡣
ҲΣߣĲȣΪ£
λʦֵܣǬ֪ΪΣȻҪһ㣡˵
Ǭħ£ѵЩħҪˣɻ
λʦֵңҪӴǬе֮
˵ţ߱һǬҲǻ⡣
֮µǬΧðİȴԽԽŨˣǬߵкұѺħҪƴһ㡣
⣡
ħҪˣ
䣡
죬ǬȻһ˲ըˣ
ߵֱֱӱ޴ըըϣұ۵һԽ䣬һӰվλǰֳѪ񵶣ɢİ
㣬㾹ȻܹǬг
ʹ˵һֱۣ˿пֻзŭ
Ҳʩչ⣬ͼ㡣
ȴЦһһЩȫ˻ȥλҲȫԼķڵء
ȺϺУۼȻƲǣȵ
˵λʦֵܣ㵶ħȻںǬеħ꣬ܳǬ벻Ǭħʵ˲٣
ⰡҪħͷǿ󰡣Ҳ˵
ħͷںǧħ꣬ʦֻ֣кȨȣٻʦСܺħͷԿ
ʦҲ֪ںδҲֳֻܷһ˿ǰǣ
ʦǺεȾ磿ĻǷҲշħͷ

ʦ𣿡
㵹ЦǺǵүүС۽ҲҪٵģ
񣬵ʦ٣һжӲס
ǼλߺȵȻʦСɵʵš
ã۾͸Ϣʱٻʦǰ
㵹ǲѾǬҪɱȺУ練ƣοѪ񵶵ûҪηЩеʦǰ෴ڴĺܣϾҲܼ˼Ϊ
㿴ǰ⼸ȫ̯һǷޱȣŵӰϸһȻһ޴


1398 
Ϊ޴֮ߣ۾һ;ȻſˣϺ֮С׳ʲô飬Ҫ
ʦǰħҪС˵
ǷΪΣȻֻһչӰȴɢźǿķ⣬ȻСֻһҲĺܵġ
Сɲû㣬лһߵֱ۸ˣҲ˵лʦȣ
ȵģ
Сſ㣬˵С۶Ҫٵ
ߣʲôʱΧ˸ôԴļһȻСɵҪ
Сɺȵ
㲻һˣ۵ǼϣıϽ֣նɱһʵ̫û˼ˣ
㣬ҪţʦСɿ߽ߵʵһҲߵ֮һףʮӣ㣬ΪʦĶ֣˵
Ѫ񵶸ڰ֮Уе˸Сɿ֮һǾѪ񵶣⵶֮оȻǧֵ꣡ô£
óƵǬСɺȵǬеѵ˵ꣿǬȻˣ
ʦǲɱˣºڰ֮ҪһħҲ˵
СϱǿķȻҪֶɱ㣬СӣͽǬСһҪɱ㣡
˵꣬дŵһֳ߶˵ʦ飬ÿһŶɽһʮţǿסŵҪɱ
Сеһŷ飬֮Ϻž޴ָɽһ㣬ѹ
Ѫ񵶣һն˹ȥǿСеķ飬ֱӱ㿳롣
Щ߿ĶЩ㶣飬ÿһŶ֮ǰһǿҪεֵ
Сɵڶŷ飬Ȼһն顣
ŷ飬ҲǸо֮ǰһŷ͡
Ȼס飬Ѫµĵ֮󣬾ȻǿĴڣ
Сٴεһŷ
ЦһֱƿϺУķȫɣһһŵʵ̫ûսˣ
Сɱ仰òһѪҪ֪Сɵķһȥֱܹӻɱһֻħңÿһ鶼֮ǰһҪȴû뵽㾹ȻҪԼЩȫȥ
Ҫ֪һȥСҲδǿǾԻص
ֱȥ֮СɲŴһã㣬û뵽㾹Ȼܹס飬˿飬ȫҪλҷģ
Сʣİ˿ŷȫ˳ȥЩԺƺѾըƬɢĻˡ
˿ŷȫըȵСɫɫصռȥ
һѱʧˣսѪվԭأȻһ£һҵâֱӿŷ顣
ʣŷ飬Ȼȫ֮ϱը
һ
ʦ㶨ȻǱըˣ
ǳͨħһ֮أԸ㣬ȻҪȫ飬󣡡
ʦħ˱ǣںڰ磬ǻߣ

ȵȣʦ֮УǺˣ
̾ҪɢȥһӰȴȻ֮УԭЩΪһᱻըɻҽģȴû뵽ȻվУ
Ӱûܵһ˿ˣȻֳѪ񵶣ȥͺһϹД
ɢŵϹ⣬Сɿ㱾ɻȵ㣬ܣôûҲӦðըٰ
ըٱ۵ΪԼʲô磿ۿǲ֮˵ըٱ۵űʩչĽ磬еŷ鶼δȥߣϺУ㻹кεȷ˵
ղŷҪϱը֮ʱ÷׭һ磬ʵϣոյĻҲ˵̫˵㣬ŷѾΧĽըˣٶһŷ飬Ҫˣ㻹һ˶ûܵġ
鶼޷ɱ㣡
СɵУ޿κΡ
ҲǶɢ֮£Ȼһ취ûС
ϺУ㲻ֵĻ۱ȥˣ
Ѫһնһâ˹ȥСȫֵȻɢڴ֮С
ʦ𣡡
㾹ȻʦĻҪ֪СֻǷ֮еһ֧ʦϺ֮㣬Ҳֻǽ֮
֮ǱԣȰǵȫٵ
һ֣Ѫ񵶻⣬ЩֱӰЩնǵĻҲ֮ϳϡ
۾һϵǬдһϹǬȻ»һ㣬Ȼն
ô£㣬ѵѱǬ޺ˣ
ߵĻ˵
Ȼûȫ޸ãǬȴܹռǣۻնɱʦСɵĻǣ۱Ǻúÿʦ𱨸ۣǱʦ𣡡
һգ
ΧߵĻǣȫǬС
߳СĴķ֮УСжڴаոڴ֮µС֮ͯͯǾһ˿־壬ȴǻָƽ֪ղ˭ɱ˭ġ
ߣɱʦ𣿡
ͷȴûǰСУΧٵĺжΪ𺳣ǳ̶֮ˣ찡ħȻɱôλʦ𣡡
ЩжΧǰһȻ־㣬ȴҪ
еѪ񵶴˿̾ȻȻҪɱЩУϹħĻ𣬡СɱЩУǱ𣡡
㴫Ϲħٴ߶Ѫ񵶵ȰĻǴӵ֮аȥٹǬУܹǬ޸˵ģ
ҴˣԺٲ˵ɱеˣ
㿴ΧĺУȵǵʦǱɱģǶһЩ޸֮ĺУ۲ɱǣ޷ɹǿұ۱
һֻûЩȫƳСҲС˳ȥǰƻСһһϹС֮ϣСȻƾըˡ
ЩСһ㿴㣬ҲԸЩСІ£еǬһһ֣ЩǣЩСеʦ
СѾ۴ݻ٣⼸ϺУʲôҪ˵ģ
ȵ


1399 ʦ
Щ߿СѾȻ޴棬һŭ㣬㾹ȻİСˣ
㣬ţʦ𲻻Źģܵ޾׷ɱģ
ʦˣǿô죿
СǶ˵ֻǱ˵ķͯûпڣĬվԭأЩ¡
ǸϽߣħʲô鶼ԸɵĳֵģߵĻ˵
Щп־Ŀ㣬һȣǻϿ
˵꣬ЩСתҪߣֻʣ·ͯһˣ˵ͯΪλߣΪħĹ𣿡
ʦ𣬷ͯļͱħˣͯҪ
֮ԻЩϺȫŪ鷳ȺϺȥſȺСģǸϽʧԼǰ۲Ϊ
ȴû뵽ǰķͯȻߣҪ㲻òͯ۹۹⡣
ʲô㾹ҪŶħ
ϺУ˵۷ص㣬һģһĻǾɢˣʼ硣
߶ŵòҳˣҲ˵ͯΪλ뷨˭ãҪҪ֪ǡ
Щ߶û˵ڣƺͯݺǲѰ
ȻЩߵĻлҲע⵽ͯϺɢһֺܶصʣʲôǲ̫
ͯҲûͣҪ
ѵҲħɣ
ʦ㲻˵ֻҪз𣿡
㣬Ҫʦ𰡣
㵹˵ǵѱ۴ݻ٣ΪԼǻŵ𣿡
ߣ
Ǽλ߶һϿΪмʵ˭ͻȻ쭣Ǹʱ򣬻Ļǿһˡ
㿴ŷͯûߵ˼һҪҲ˵ң
ͯͷлЩĿ⡣
ҪǸС򣬱ῼǿǣκֻǸС̫۵ûһȤʼ硣
ͯ˼оܲͯ˵ʦȫɱˣСҲˣ޼ҿɹ飬㲻˵ʵ˽㱨Ҫң˵ҳǾҪħˣô
ȵȼλ߶Ϊǵ֪ͯ뷨ǣҲôĿŵ˵ɱˣ㻹ʲôأ
ţȴͯԴСͷ߰ɣҲȥʶʶ磡
˵㣬ΪΣͯǡ֮㲻㣡
ûʸģ
ȵǬһգЩȫ˽ȥ
ʦҪȥ
ͯʵ
ֱӴϹħ֪꣬
ҶǬжˣϹħ֮ս飬֮⣬飬ҿһ֪ˣ
û֪ģ
ʵ˭˵ۻˣҰָ
Ѫ֮Уǧħ꣬һǼ˵֪칬֮ϣ
칬
ʵ
칬ʥĵ̣ҴСʥ峤󣬴û˵칬֮ϣ
˵ˣƭģ
˭˵ܣ칬֮ϣȷǾסһֵĻˣΪдβ㱻ʥɱǻ˾ҲŽûҿûƭˣŵĻȥһ칬֪˵Ƿʵ
ˣڹٶ꣬Щ䷢飬ҵǲ̫
ͷָһ㣬һѪ֮Уһ걻ֱӳһֻȶˣ޲ɷԭΪڰǼзܰҶ˼Ůģȴǵ߸ˡ
Сͷͯˡ
һϹԭָ֮Ǵѵģ㶼Щѳֲסġ
ŵԭת˼ȦȷĻָ֮󣬷һ˵ˣû뵽İһָˣ
˵Ļֺ
ʵһħ϶ָģֻʵ̫ˣŮŻָĻ춼Ź
ķͯԴСͷһűˣã
ӷ𣡡
ͯͷ
ˣҲгŵָˣղ˵Ļаƭۣߣ֪³
ȵ
ΪСٻСٻСǹ¿꣬ҲûȥǲɷСٻһͬǰ칬֤ʵСٻ˵棡
һСͷѾ׸ˣ㣬۵ĸǸأ˵
ˣСٻԸΪޣǽĿռ֮УȻκηգ
Сٻôһ˵ˣСٻһǸƷм֮ˣɣ
ﲻ֪ѵɫĴ𣬲ڰһֻ飬Ҳ˼ȤζͷȻԸΪ۵ޣǱҲˣ칬·ɣ
Сٻͷ칬Ⱦһ򣡡
Ҳ˵ˣϺ֮
Ϻ֮
㾪ϲСɲ˵Ϻ֮ôұۣ۵ҪȥϺ֮˳·
Се˵ʦҪȥɱҵʦү𣿡
ϴЦ⣬δ

СϾǣܿһƬϺ֮
֮Ųٽң֮ϸŲߣǽԱĿרע˿̺ͻȻӿϺ֮ÿĳǳʱ̡
ţϺ֮ĳϫ֮ǿǰתΪΪֻϧȼҪĳϫ֮ͻأ
һЩǿߣǻؼһܹתǷ磬꣬ѩ⳱ϫ֮תΪ
Щúڰ֮תΪתΪһ
Сɣű壬֮;и³ѪǷ˻Ǵˣ
𲻽ܵ˻Ǵˣ˿̿±СҲҪٵˣЩͽҲȫˣ
ʲôСôᱻٵѵ˵һٻǷŵɣ
СҡҡͷǶħʵˣͽǬѣ֮󣬸ǻ鱾ʮ飬Ȼ˼ǻǱԵУҲǲģ
СɵǺʵֵܹסʮͲ߽ܹɱ˵ģԣûлָԪֱ֮ȥ㡣
Сɣ߽ߣ㱾𶼲Ķ֣ħȻ
⵹ûʲô٣ǼͽȻҲǶħУھǷͯҲ
С˵Ƿֳͯһ˿⡣
ͯ
Щʯ֮ϵϵɻŨˡ


1400 ħ֮ģ
λ֪ǷͯڿǷһ֮ģŷޱǿ˭ǵõؽõһС˵
Щһ۾ðâ֮е֮ģǵţȴû뵽£Сɾ֪֮ںڡ
Ƕûæʱ֪֮ģܲģ
С֮Ի˵Щ߰ɱ㣬Ͼƾһ˵ʵҪնɱ̫ѣŵܲʵ̫ԶϺָ֮ɵ㡣
ץǷͯҲûȡͯħ֮ĵİ취ġ
СɣϺ֮һͬ飬ˣӲ˵ǲǣ
߶ͷնħǺڰ֮ߵķ֮£˵ûС飬һͨħҲȻŹ
ãλߴ壬ڴлˣȥǶħ䣡
СɫЩ仯ȻǸӦľλõģȴܹӦ֮ģܹܵͯڳϺ֮
ѵŹ˷ͯͯԼ
СһȻҪܿһҵͯ
СߵôЩ鲻֪ɣ
ǷͯҲ֪λ뷨ɱǶħ㣬Ҳõ֮ģҪ֪һżДÿһДԺϹħֻҪõħ֮ģǵ㲻֪ܹ٣
ôߣֻһħ֮ģΪ֣
ǱԼ£˭ͯħ֮ı˭
һԼ£ŷͬˣ
һһһµ˳֣ȻղЩ˵Ļȫ͵ˡ
Щ߿ŷ嶼ЩҪ֪ŷ壬ڰ磬ЩģŷǴ˵ͻ˾ŽߣһΪˣһĿĵġ
ŷӣ֪Ϊ£Ϻ֮һʵ
òǹܣֻǱ·Ϻ֮ȴһǳ飬ħ֮ģȷ£
ŷֳâЩâЩΧγӴѹʹ﷢£ҳ
Ⱥģŷд飬ŸոͻƾŽߣ·Ϻ֮ȴЩԼҪץǷͯȡħ֮ģДħ֮˭˶ģŷȻǶħ֮Ķ뷨
Сɸոջڣ˵ģ˻ˣҷДȴһģ
һλ߻ǿ˿ڡ
ǿҪȥħ֮ģ
ŷʵ
ڹǰᣬǷ֣ͯȻ˫ַϹӣ
Щ߶˵
Щߵͦʶʱģ߾Žףǰﱾȡħ֮ģұؽΪ
лӣ

Сͷִڶǵʱ򣬱ѾƮ£Ҳվԣȶ˵ģ֮УΪĿĽ㡣
ڰӷųˣڶɢ˧ڸ˲٣˵
ˣĬУһĹҪСٻǣ
㻹ûʲôӦСͷҡҡͷʦ𣬿ʧȥϣ
Сٻȴ˵СУ˵Щʲôأ˼˵еĹÿ
ӷ𣡡СͷǲСٻ
㵹ҲҲǴˣҳȥҲҪȥ䣡
ҹãһУһ۶ѾƲסˣų´ң
ˣϲɣί
ʸ¿Ǿѡ֣
һȥ֮еĻ˹ǹϾϵóվһֻħ
ʲôѡѵûдʵ
ʧˣ꣡
ʧ꣬ǶµĴǳסЦ
֪ΪճǣΪ齣ǰȴǲ֪Ϊ˵Ҫȥһطǻû
ѹ֮еĽҲǹ㷢Ӣλ֣λ
۵֪ǴΪҪȥ
ΪΣ
̫ˣ
˵ûаѿ齣ɱجĸУֻ·ճǣЪϢƬ̣Ҫ·ȥλɣ
֮Сٻ˵ˣǿ齣Ǳɱ
Ӻε֪Сɫɫģ˵
Сٻͷ޿ռ䵱УҲֻСٻ˵ˣ
㣡˵
˼¥ԷСͷϾСٶҪԵ㶫Сٻ˼ʳСͷȴ֮Աǣ˲ҪΪ˳
˵һ߲ˣһʳԩô
Сͷȴ˵ʦ𣬲֪ΪʲôֻҪұܲģ
ˣСٻͷҲܲģСٻ˵
Сͷż갡ۿҲҲûѧʲôŹֵ
ͯȴ˵ҴСͿʼ޷ѾˣʦǲûѧϰκηŹֻľ¿˵޷Ҫģ
㵹ҡҡͷۿԿ϶ǧѵһ޷֮ˣȻûѧŹǱȴǴϸܵһɴޱȵķЩ˺ˣȴܹ˵ʣ
ͳһǷ֮е澭Ϊԭ޷ںϣ͸ɣ
Сͷ澭п˰ߵͷȥ濴ģмֿɰҪ֪Сͷǳ쳣ۣ⿴ţĳ嶯
飡
ĲԶһͻȻѪ
Χ߽һԾ󣬾¥֮⣬һޱȵߣЩǵļһҲǿճǾѡǲǵϴ֮󣬱Ͷǣ
ֹļ߼ϵͬվ
ǿճеϽ½ǿ齣ĵܵܣһΪִɾڣʵǶ½ڿ齣뿪ճ֮˵λĻճǸͲᾺѡλ
½ʵλ̳ˣ
Щ϶źȻ֮ɫһ˵ǱҪճǺܾˣǿճǵĳȴ޼᲻ݣû֮ϵ޷ݻ٣²ߣҲʵڱƲѣ
Ҳ֪Ƕ½ǴϢҪȫɱ¥֮У

Сͷ澭лдʣʦҪɱ𣿡


1401 
Сͷ꣬¥ٴ߱ԵСٻǾֳû̫ţοѾޣ治֮֡
ûں֮еķһֱСͷͯȷǧѵһ޷֮ˣûõ澭Ѿɢٵķ治֪ЩϺУΪʲôѧϰŹ
磬ô죬½Ѿɱˣôȥǵĸ֣Ҫɱ
ôأǳȥؽͶ½潻棬϶ȫǿճǵ֣ȥɣ
Щǵĸ֣ΪβҳҶ½һսǲҪѡôұǵʵһֵסˣʸѡ
½ȵõǻӥǣü֮һź룬߶ǵĸ֣һ˵ϽΪβ¥ˣ߳¥Щˣ
¥̼ҿģǻˣǵǳˣ˵ǳȥץЩߺã׽úã
½еһƱҪһ
ۣ
Ȼ¥֮УʱһѪ
Сٻ˵СͷԱһֱͣͷʹˣˣܲˣ
ϾȻ˵ͯɢķȻɲκ˺ȴܹѹҲΪʲôСٻͯԭͯо澭ľģȴСٻѹ
˵һʤ߼
ͯ㿪˵־ȻһĨ⣬Ȼ
Сٻ֮£ǵ⾹Ȼƫֱӻж½һ
顯һײԭһߣȻ漣һıͯ¡
ʦ澭ġաû뵽ôǿ󣡡
СͷԼĽЩˡ
ʦʦл֮
Ǳͯ˵߸Ͻ㵽ͯҲϽ˹ȥﶼ뵽ԭ¥֮Уȸ֣Ҫ֪֮УǾֵģȻСǷеĴʦ
㲢û̫ȣһСա澭֮ʽͯǧ޷֮ˣ˶ʱʩչһУʵڲѣֻ֮ͣѾﵽɾˮƽҪ֪ͯǰûκιģʣ㶼Բ²⣬ͯԺĳɾ͡
Ȼû
¥Ķ½֮ٴһ˽˿̣СͷҲǵһ⣬ͷһ㣬ͷײ޴߼ͯҲһ˵ʦû㣬ǿ¾Ҫճˣʴʦţлᣬؽߵл
ͯȴҡҡͷɫ԰ףΪķֱۣͯһϹעͯڣɫźЩʦҲʩչУȴǸоƣտҲ
ͷ澭ʱ̫̣ޣʩչУѾȾ󲿷ֵߣҪǧʱգ㶼ҪЩʦʦǿϲ٣
Сٻȴ΢΢ЩģҪ֪ħͯǷˣˣվСͷߣЩܣСͷҪպ𹦴ɣǻ˵ã
ߣԭиǱ¥֮УһΪЩбµ±Ͻأ
½һƱֳ¥Ҳûа취׽ģ˭֪ļƽ⣬Ҫ˽
˭֪ȴǿЩǵ߶һССгõǷ˵ģɰǳСһ˺һ½ûκСкʲôвϾϺ޷֪̽ѵżǱƣ
½ǳԼµĹأ˭˶ܲλᣬھȻǸϾɱҲ䵱ճϽǶۣ
һ˵
ߣǲǾţ
½ɽһָСٻ
⽫òСٻûû㣬Ȼýָң
ҪʩչĹɲأϽǲһ׵ģ
½ȵ
Сٻһ㣬ƺɲԽѵǰĶ½΢΢ͷСٻз³һö̽һ㣬̽Ƕ½ȥ
ϽҪе
½ҲȻ˹ȥΪԼĽضСٻʱȴǳԾķ֣ĺǰȻСٻĶ̽׼
㲻˵СٻĴô
㣡Ҫ
ҲСٻ¥ЪϢȴǱֹĴţ֪
½Сٻ˵һʣɻдžһĿ㣬û뵽ȻĽһͨˣСٻ½Ǻȵ˵ǸѵСٻ˼ô
һȰܵ߶һǸΪ𾪵ݣҪ֪һޱȵСгΪʦһɻϽ½Ϊˣ˻ȻˮһλϣҲһǿߡ
½Ǻݣ£Ҳֻ˵Բ𣬽Ҷ½̫ðǵˣ뺣
½Ҳн죬Ҫ֪ǿճǵһ֣Ҫǿ齣磬ˣ
˵ǿģ

ȥ
Сٻȵ
˲䷢֣СԭֻԼǰֽǧŮУȻǸŮ뵽Ѱһó̵УһλʴӱС̫УһλŮ飬ҲȤζǳĺܡ
ߣ
½һתȥˡ
Щȵ˵ָлλǿ¶Ҫˣ
㲢ûЩߣСٻԱˣ
СٻͷСУ㻹аͷû꣡
ˣ
ͯһ澭֮УﻹԸԷ
ͯСԴߣ·
аλ뿪Ǳضճ֮а
Щ߿
ͯ˵ʦ𣬷˵Ҫնǰǰɣ

Сٻ֮Աǡ
˳֮ǵ뱾޹أ
˵⻰֮ʱüͷ΢壬ΪʶѾһ˾ȻҲճ֮У˿ͯСɵʵ޷Ӧ۵λõģѵͯҲСӡңСҷͯΪأ
˸ճ¥ʱСѾһԣղž¥֮з飬ѾȻģȵǣͯȻѾʼ澭Ҫ֪С֮Բȵ˽̷ͯ𹦣ԼДĻСɸȡ֮ͯġ
УһҪ취÷ͯ뿪ǶħĻҪǱ㷢ħ֮ĵܣ룡
Сţȴû뵽֮Уʮ⡣


1402 ץͯ
һʮŻϺ֮ճϫ֮߳СԣҲǱΣԭ̥Ҫħ֮ģȴû뵽ŷŷϢŷǶǲĴңŷͻ֮ǱϳŷʵϣҲֻҪħ֮ĵȫŷŷΣ
СɲûԤϵЩ߾Ȼô죬ЩҲ֪ͯ䣬ҲǺܻţһλ˵СɣҵǶħ䣿
ûҵճһλɣ벻λߣҲˣ
ǱϺ֮Ҳû飬Űնɱħ
СɵͷŲԶĶ½˵ҪҵѵˣλߣǱϢһʱ֪ͨλ
Щ߻ûԶĶ½ǼСɣ㾹Ȼճ֮У찡ǿճоˣ
СüѾ֪ˣǱ߱˵
ߺЩ߶СɷѰҷͯģȻ˵ʲôѣߣȻճͣ£ͯضڲԶǷͷȥң
½˵Сɣ㶼Ѿ֪ˣ˵ĿǾ¥֮飡
СɵͷǹؼʮĶħΪˣ
ʲôС㶼ˣ
½ȵ
СɽȻǺȴ֪Сɵ֮ôҲСɰû뵽Сɻ˵
½Ƕħɱ˲գ۵ģﱾһæճϰյпܱв
Сɣ˵Ϊ˿ճǵϰұضѣ

ճǳ⡣
ڳˣٲǶ½ɳ׷ɱˣ
ЩǶҪǰˣھ¥֮оҪ½ɱ
λˣǾڿճԱλǻһۣ
ˣ˻ҪǰϺ֮ǼȻ˳ţ͸Ͻȥ
Сٻ˵
ЩҲǹͷȻˣǸˣ
ţ
Żӳ˳ΪǿճϽ½ϴЩЦݣЩ߶һΪ½Ǵץǵģ׷Щη壬ȴû뵽½㹧˵֮һߣǧˣЩ˶ǵķ֮أ߼ҽΣǻ죡
Ҽ˺θɣ
СϢŭ֪ҪȻǧ˲ѣ֣ճ֮Ҫǧԩ꣡
½
ʦ𣬾һʤ߼ҪȾǣ
ͯ˵
λʦ˵ļǣЩ˶Ǽϰգ޸֮͵ֵסЩߵʴ
·
ȴޱ顣
ǲ־ǣǧ˵ضҹεڿճǳǽ֮ϣ
ʦҪǣ
ˣǧ˵أ
СٻȻҲģҲȥЩˡ
˵˸·û𣿡˵
УʦҪȾǣ
СͷҪȥԼȥȵ
СУˣ˵˲ȥһԭģ
ԼȥԼȥзգܾһһͯ˵
ʦԸ־̫ˣճǵİоˣ½˵
ˣСĽˣôֹ
ûʲôҲ֪Сɺ«ﵽʲôҩ
Сɣˣѵ
Сٻɵȴǿͷ֪ˣ
ͯ½Уһ괩أһľ¿һ澭˿һСУȴܵĤݣȻһУǶ½Ϊ֮ġ
ͯ˵ǳһǧˣÿֻʩչηգ㿴ȾˣٳǸ·ʦֻʦ𣬲ܾôˣ
Сͷһʱ嶯û̫࣬ڲʦˡ
޷޷½Ц
һֳ˵ĳҲ÷ͯ۾ʦ棿
ͯҲû뵽㾹ȻǶħвֵ˵أҲãǶħȻԶбߣ㲻Σˣ
ʦ棬֪ѾΪʦĸԸģ
ĸԸ
СɳԾΪ֪Ƕħ𣿡
ʦ𲢷ǶħǺˣͯ
޺Ϳ˰ɣħֲ壡ߣ
ͯҡҡͷĶ½ĿӣʦضܾȲٲˣ
ʲôˣ
С˵ҾΪǶħֿö½ѣ
ѣ
ͯһƲҪǣ
ѵִԲǶħ޷𣿡
Ƕħʦ𣡡
ֳִͯȥСǶ½ʹʹɫ̻⣬˫ץͯļ򣬡ʦ治ߣͲҪ
ÿ
ߣҲÿΣΪһС޾κεң
½Ҳһھ¥֮У˻⣬ֱϷһھȻ䵽ҪץһСУ붼жˡ
½ͯҪСȥȴû뵽˿̷ͯϾȻЩֱӰѶ½𿪣Сɼˣȵ澭˾¥֮Уƽ˶½ǺͽʦĻ𣿡
ƽģ
½ͯϵķؿڶЩľ뵽¥֮е֣ȻǸôƨСУ겻
ͯûСɣȥȴǱСʩչķסˣһܶ
գ
ͯٴʩչգЩⲢûСɵȻСɺǶ½Ͳһϵġ
ͯʩչηգҲƣ˼£ɫ԰ף麹ۿҪڵϣ˿ȴһ
ݣݣݣ
һӰֳЩϺ֮ߣҲǵеһ߷ž˷ͯЩĿѾȷˣҪץͯ
һϷ
һλ߹ƣ߽ЦСɣ㾹ȻԼͽ֣󣡡
Ƕ֪˭Ƿͯˣ
Сɺȵ
СɣҲֻܹħ֮˵ˣͯǵҪŷŷѾ֪ˣҲûа취
ŷ֪ˣСɾȡ
ŷѾͻ֮ǲΥ
Щ߶ƵŷϣʵϣǾץ˷ͯҲֱȡ˷ͯħ֮ģϾֻҪ֮ģʮŷǶ֣
Ҫͯߣ
Сϱǿ⣬һְѷͯ˹ֱץסͯҪߡ


1403 ϲװ
ߣΪڵľܿƵ˵ģ
ʮСɣֱӰڵء
ͯ뿪С壬ЩҲۺһҪͯСɿºѪΪͯͿȡħ֮ô
⻰ͣ⻰ʲô˼ѵҪȡħ֮ģ
ߣ
СЦţȡĵķ֮£ֻбһ֪Ǿץ˷ͯҲͽȻã
СɣҪǰƣѷҪãܣ
ߣ˵ǿ̾ͻɱң
㣬
Ǻȵ
ͯʲô飬ƣȫȻ֪ΪʲôЩҪ壬ħ֮ĵʲô˼
СɣΪ㲻˵Ӿûа취ô
֮УһλӸգ֮УһףֱӺСɵ֮У¶аЦǱӵףúøܸܰɣ
˵꣬Ӱ£վǷͯǰСɱǱһǿҵʹ޽׿ŷϲĥ˵Ĺ׻ԻֶܵҩʴҪ˵ʱȴǻԣһܡ
ʮ߿ŵϷȥСɣһ־֮ɫŷȻѾħ֮ĵ飬ûʲôˡ
˵˵
Сĵ׶ĵʹֻоеζ
ŷͷһСϣǰʹ̾ͽˣСҡҡͷû뵽ķͯҪ֣֮
ʦ棿˵ʲô
ͯʵ
ҷ֮Уһֱһ˵һД䣬ħ֮ģȴǲʧԵתõħ֮ģҷŵеД֮ͯڱǿħ֮ģ
С˵
ħ֮ģ
ͯԼؿڣ࣬ǲͬģǶҪõ࣡
Сʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ħ֮ˣҲߣȻҲħ֮ĵǿԣҲһֱҪȡ嵱еħ֮ģɾһģ
Сɼ˵ħ֮ǿʱ̣꣬ڳ֮ԣһֱڴ쳤󣬵Ǹʱ򣬱ȡħ֮ģ
ͯС˵ֻˣż갡ȥһзľ¿֮⣬ǸӣԽʵ⻹һֱʦô
ͯΪʦΪʲôŹΪħ֮ģѧϰǿ澭ֻҪѧϰһڣд󲿷ְأǿȡħ֮ģ
Сɣ֪ȡĵķㆪôģ
ŷȵ
Ҫȡͯħ֮ģֻһ취
˵
ŷȲĺȵ
䡯
ڴ˿̣֮ȴǱǿҵǿʮԼŷһ⽣ֱӻСɵüģСɾȻˡ
ŷӦʱ䶼ûУǿֲҪǶԸӣҶҪǧεģ
ŷӣСѾˣ
Щ߶˵Ҳ𺳷ɽ֮󣬡ͯδã
һߣŷںڰѾãһͷʸףûȡħ֮ĵİ취
ŷȻɱһֻûһףֱӺһߡ
ŷӣΪΣ
кȻ
Ϊ֮ǰ֪Ǵʲô˼ǣ飬˭˳ȥߣ˱³
ǶŵͷǣӣǾ⴫
ŷ뱧ͯ˿̰֮ȴһâ˹䡯ŷſͯ˫ַףǿǵâֵס
ŷںԶĶ½ȴϳˣȵ㣡
СٻЩɫӻˣѵС˵Ķħ㣿һȻŷЩԲ˵ʵҲѾͻ֮ɣ
ͯˣоϲʦ𣡡
һֱסͯһϹͯڣߵɫ̱˵Сٻչ˺Сͷ
ǣˣ
ŷѷͯߣϴŭܹնǰ㵶âҲͻ֮ðİѷͯߣǲŷӣҲӦҪŷӰɣ
ǲأ
㵭˵
ΪӾǺ۸ô
ŷлûһף׳֣Ҳʹڳǲһţŷף֮д棬ǱУ»ᱻըҶʣ
ߣףֵܵˣ
ŷȻûôţᱻɱ㣬ŻܹģҪ֪ŷףնɱһֻޣ
ˣСģ
Сٻ˵
ȴûа㵣ǣŷǵ׻˳ȥѪһӣһâױֱնĵâȻ׶

һױ䵽˵ϣЩӦӦֱӱ׺
ʮϺ֮ߣ׺
ȼһ棬ܣ˲һƬǹ¶Ҳ
ŷ㤵Ŀ㣬ȫȻû뵽ԼǵȥȻףᱻԷն˾ǿ˺εȵز
㲻ϲôҲһףܸܣ
ŷУȻһɫףУͬһһ㣬ʹرɫΧһж׾˽ȥվڵ¿ˣȻ֣˿̵ǽȻʧˣŷʩչһµĻҲȫûˡ
ȫսȥ
СٻҲ𾪵վԿһУȻֲţҲӼᶨҪԵľġ
ܣŷо׵ңǿףҶ
ŷŵᶼҪˣоֻҪеǵ׻У˵ᵱɢ
㣬ŷĹӣɱңǼǲŹģ
ǣ㻹Ҫвۣ
ЦЦе׻ǵײûֱӻŷĿ֮£ŷԴϲϵš
㲻ҪɱңңҿԸһܣһħ֮ĵܣֻҪ㲻ɱңҾͶ㣬ȫ㣡
ŷȫǺˮԴݻСص׾Դ֮ϣֻҪһģҪûˡ


1404 ع
ħ֮жôŷ᲻ֻ֪Ҫںħ֮ģͬӵһД׳ħ֮ĵȼܣ㶨Ȼġ
ǵ֮Ļȴǳ׾ˡ
ܿϧ۲Ȥ
ˣһɱСɵ㻹ûиӦԶ˻͵Ϯ㣬ɲð죡Сٻ˵
ʮߺСͯʱСٻȻܣǾ㶼û뵽⻹һǱһɱСɣ˵ǿ㶼޷Ӧʵ㱾ȥ׷٣ȴҲͽ޹ֻ֪ǳϺ֮ķʧġ
СٻĻ㣬ŷ˵׻ŷĹӣϺ֮ߣ˵ЩҲ˵أ

ŷܵͷϵǵѾʧһһ㣬ֱСٻ˵˵ܣҼ㣿
ǵعܣ
ʲôعʵ
Ϻ֮صףһΪؾʥؾʥ칬ǿĵطСٻ˵
ͷع֮Укܣ
ǧһεĵؾҪɳˣؾ̺ŷḻǵõһС飬ΪҲض֪һֵؾ׿˶٣ع֮⣬ڿνǰ˷ƼұҲǸϸؾʥȴϺ֮Ⱥ֮ĵ飬һʱ棬Żץͯģ
ŷ˵
ع֮סŵ٪壬ȻСȴеĿ٪壬߾֮ϣսʵ
ŷ˵֣ҲһսҲӦսΪأÿһսǷΪʮս֮ϰٱֻͨǲпͻƣ
ս
㵹ǲʲôսսģѵǴˣڰо仰ô˵ģ֮½ϣ߶ϣԭֻһսѾ˾սܹһʩչ磬ȻҲʵ״˼ս
عô׽ģعʮأ˵٪أ٪뺯򣬾Խȥ
Сٻع֮¡
С㣬˵Ĳǧһεĵؾɣ٪岻Ϣųȥ˶ĺܣʱɳؾǵعʮã٪ǿ󣬶޷ֹģ٪Ҳһ㣬ԲŻóһؾָ壬ȻҲֻ뺯ϵЩ壡
뺯Ул壿ʵ
ҵǲˣֻ֪ŷ壬֮Уǿ٪Ӧûİɣ
ˣ㲻ҪȥѰ𣿾칬ҲֻһСֵĻ˾סǰȥع˵ϻˣСٻ˵
ŷһԭҪһˣȻĶֻҪɱңʱҴعŷĸֶڣҲ
ͷСٻŵķͯСͷ˵ʦҪҪɱ
ͯգգ۾ѾָСٻĻ㱧ţ࣬ѹʦ㲻Ҫɱˣ
˵ʲôҪұ㣬ΪһᱧСУ
Сٻŭﲻ֪С˵ز̫ѹסˡ
㵹ǿЦСͷ˱˻ԣŷ˵·ɣ٪ȻóһؾָˣЩˣԼֵһģ
ع֮кȻᱬһؾ
֣˵Ĳ˭ҲԸֵֻһؾŷ壬ǲĶеĸ֣ʲô飬Ҳܹµ
ŷѾ׼ɱҲǷŷ֣ϵ麹ˡ
Сٻص޿ռ䣬ŷͯŷƾʧתۼ䣬ѾϺ֮
Ϻ֮ϫӿȻŲճϫ֮ŷ˵Ϻ֮ѵط⳱ϫ֮תΪܹӿٶȣս𣬳ϫ֮תͱ̫ϡˣͬޣ
ŷ˵üɫ裬ƺԼͻ߾磬Ϻ֮ϵЩߣͬһ㣬㵹νڸ·ŷţƣҲν
ôڹ꣡
ͯź֮ϣһֻ޴ڹ꣬ȵĳ͡
ߣȥŷ˵
˾ȻͣǾ޴ڹĹ֮ϣŷгһŹӰһĿƬѿƬ֮ϣǾȻ˲
ŷ͵ǵع֮еĽ½꣬Ҹոóıǵع뺯½ǽعǵعʮأ
ͯ˵ѹ澭˵ڰĪ⣬½꣬ʵǵ߸ʦǵع֮Уи
Ҳû棬һДĻ
Ц
ܿ죬½Ȼˮȥصס
֣ͯħ֮ĵϢȻ©ڵع֮УҪСģ
ŷ˵ҲֻǱ˵˵ʵϣû˱õǿħ֮ģǵع֮еĵؾȻħ֮ĸ׵õһЩ
ֻǣɱСɵ֣ʵ̫Ȼѡɱڣ϶Ȼ֪ͯܡ
ŷô˵Ҳϣעϡ
ܣֻǣǱٷ֣ħ֮Ļ֮ĵĻߣҲӦ֪׵³
ŷŵöͷ麹м׵ĳȻĿ
䣡
ˮ׾ȻײˮеĲ඼Щըͯҡҡͷӷգ
ڴعʮأȫˣ
ŷ˵
㿴ˮ׵ʬƯϣҲʵعʮأж
ҾͲˣҵ˵ڰ磬ûܹعʮأҪ֪٪壬ǼΪó죬ɣƳĻأܹƽⲻˣҪΪعΪôûֹأ
飡
ǽ½ڵصͣ£ŷ˵ǵعˣ٪ˣ¾Ƿںڰκ֮ϣǶĽˣ
ҲһȥǸûʣҪ֪⺣еصףΧһ㳬ǿĽ籣⹬ͳܲ˵ص׵ѹ
վսʿΰС쳣ͺͷͯߣ˴߽ȥʱǼ٪嶼ŷӣ㸸ѾڵڵȺʱˣ
ŷͷռƻӦóع֮Уȴû뵽ᱻħ֮ĵ鵢飬߽ڣһĮعôôˣ֪֪ع֮жգ


1405 Ļ
ŷЩɸֵĸܣȻŷ峤ŷȴҲλȨأ峤ع֮ؾΪ˰ŷʹһжⵤҩʹŷһͻ֮Ϊս
Ȿϲ֮£ŷһΪŷиķչռ䣬ȴû뵽ŷȻԭʱôع֮УҪ֪ŷԸŷĺܵģֻҪһʵǱȻԣȥƵأŰ裬ŷ첻֪ŷ˶ٴƨɡ
οɺãŷȻ˽عһͨ˾ˣȻһУŷ޷ԼĶӾȻ˻Ҫ֪ؾֻҪһɳ壬Ʊػչһ档
ʱŷѵҪֳʱͨˣ񻰣̫ˣ
ֹŷߵļŷ˶΢΢ҡͷŷӵԸ
ŷҲ֪ŷͣʱ˰ŷȥȾȥˣ˵ոҸףڵ֮УѾ˲ټ壬ʱֱĻ壬ҺҼȥؾǸɣ
ŷ˼ȷˣǾѾعĲɱ֮Ȼˣ֮ʲô飬޹ء
ǲؾعʲô
˵
ʲôҲҪǵؾ
ŷ˵⻰ʱ򻹿˿ܣûעǡ
㵹ûǵؾȻ̺˾޴ҪϾڱӿٶΪĻƲڰ͹Ľ磬ʱ򣬾ҵ˻壬Ҳػص硣
ڵ֮У˲ٿͷڵļ廹û룬ǵؾҲδɳһЩ٪ڵ˷ֵָķ֮С
ͷͯȻһ䣬ͯ˻澭ֱ˯ˣҲǰ̫ƣ
ˣ̫ˣСٻҪȥ͸͸
һСٻȶ˵Ӱڷ֮Уڴ֮ϣСٻϴԸ쳣ʵǹаӿ
Сٻǰ̹ǣˣСٻܺ˯ô
СٻһֱͺûȫУҪȻҲᱻǬô꣬ʵǿǱޣһԿ;УСٻҲǷԼȻϲ㣬ԣֻ޵ݣ뵱Ůˡ
ˣģѾСٻĹ޿ռ䣬С˯ĺһûܹǵĺµģ
СٻһֱӲؿڴĶ˵ģֱƵĳ嶯Դӻص򣬾һֱûгŮζҲʥˣȻСٻȤĺܣҲǳ֮ϣСٻȻپܾЩ˼ˣҲһ·
СٻԥǲԼղѾʩչʮصĹǻСٻȤǲʥˣһˡ
ѹ֮ϣ˫ؿڴĦ㣬ϲ㣡
ֱӰСٻѹڴϣ˫СٻУҪҿСٻ֣ҲƣȻҲ֣ƺѾþûСƽ¡ˣҲ̫ˡ
ҪһĶʱȴǴ˷ͯʦҪҵʦĸô
ոһôϴսˣȥСͷ˯ж㰡˭֪СͷȻֱ˴֮ϣüë΢΢ţ۾͸һɱĿ
˵飬СӲҪ죬ˣҪʩչԹŪˣ
СͷˣոձڸСٻˣ
СٻŷͯȻûа˯⣬ҲЩ棬Ҫ֪ͯӦǲô쾪ѵģܿСٻϿһ˿ŵЦݡ
ֹСͷҲˣ̫ˣ㲻˵ֻĸôҾϲС߰㾹Ȼ飡
ʦƭˣ˵ģ
СͷĽ֮Աǡ
ƺӶϴˣ룬ȻǺǵģȻûаŪΣСͷҲǱŪѵģ
ˣȻϲ㣬СٻҲ֪ЩԽѵõŻȥϧҲûа취
Сٻ˵
СٻϾȻȻϲ㣬ȴǲôͰӽǲ㻨ģʼʱҪǸô죬ҲǿѺСгףޣŮˣСԺҲҺŸˣҲ֧ŶӵУ㹻ĻȨŮ˵ġ
Ůĺ롣
㿴ŷͯǱӵĿ⣬ٵʦһԣҰġ澭ˣ
ͯƲӣ㡣
Ҳ㷢ŭϽ޿ռ䣬޸п̫ˣ鲻ô˰
㷿ϱŷķ䣬Ҳ֪ŷڷ֮иЩʲô
һƿŷе磬ֱܹ춯
ŷķ֮С
֣Ҫңûȥ죬ԭҾϺ֮Ҫع֪ħ֮ĵ飬Ƿͯڱħ֮ģұҪץǷͯںħ֮ģ˭֪֣
㣿ˣ
ŷȵΪҾͻ㣬ĴβһѵɽڣҿһûУǸͨˣ
㲻ңҲû취һףףҲҼʶΪǿģŷ˵
ʲôף
ŷ¶һ˿ȻŷĿңû˵׵ġ
֣ףֻȥᣬܸеǿ󣬷ǲˣ
ҿǺȥҤӵĻˣع֮УҲΪҫģǲǣ
ŷһ֪׵飬Ψܽתƻ֣ŷ壬׼ǵؾ
ؾ֮£޹أ
Ϊʲô
ΪܰﵽʲôæɣʱҶ㵽һԣһһСҲˣ˸ɾ
𰡣֣ҲΪгһҿս
սҲ˼˵óڣ֪жټĸ˵عôĪĻ嶼֮У㻹һﵹæ㲻ˣ
ˣ
ŷһȣ֣һģ
ŷŷֱӳˡ
֣֣Ұ˵Ŀɶģ
ŷһơ
֮еȻǰ˵ĶԻһ⻪˻عǾٺòˣôţȴǴ


1406 ʯ
ʶţ⾹Ȼһ٪սʿŴ򿪣٪սʿ˵峤ȥؾɼۿؾɣ
٪սʿֿ˷ķͯǲҪδС
Ҳ٪壡һʮˣ
㳯ŷ֣ͯʦȥ䣡
ͯϡ澭ȻոյĻһŭȻУ٪Ļǲȥġ
㱣ãҽһٶʮ꣬ôˣƤȴ˹⻬
٪սʿյ˵
٪սʿŶص׵һƬƬ֮ϣŲٵ٪ڿšɿ󳵡ͣĿ٪սʿ˵٪巢Ͳɿ󳵣ܹ߲Чʣ
ͷؾˣ
ؾǰһγɵĻᣬôײɳ峤˵ˣҲ⼸죬ؾܳˣ
٪սʿָſ˵㿴ǺɫĿʯǺڰزٵĺʯɫĿʯҲʯǼΪģ
٪սʿ֮еĿʯҲ쳣˷ܣϾ٪壬ѵòŻῪ˽عĻᣬÿ춼ɿҲʵЩƣɵϡΡȻҪú˵һ
ܿ죬㷢Χվ˲ߣҲǱ٪սʿۿɿġ
ʶţܹӦʵ϶ŷ֮ϵˮƽм㶼ûаȫʤ֮
Ѻã¶٪ϣλƬطҲ٪ĿؾȻδɳŵֻҪλƬеκοʯԴһ֣Ҳ٪ĸ֮һ
ôãҪ֪ʯʯǼõʯǴȥһֿ֣켸ˣ
¶ǿŷҲףԸ忪ɳؾǷֵҲ࣡ŷ쿪˵
Ըˣ
¶ͷȻܰСϵȴǼǿվȺ룬û˭ð¶
¶ϣ㣬Χֻ߸ˣǲιߴģһ˵
ȻǣмȻ·ϣƲöþִܵعɣ
¶˵
ϣҵ˵ʥ壬٪֮Уд£
ʥ칬ˣǲǣ٪Ҫ˳ЦΪصĹ壬ǳֵĻǵعҲԣ
ʥͻҲ⡭
ﶼڰ
Ҫ֪ʥ嵱пɶһЩǿޣǻĪ⣬и˵ĸˣǸ̥Ҫȡǵؾġ
Ͼɳһؾָô壬˭Ҳ㣬ʥͻĸĽعĻǶҪԼеʵˣ
Ҫ֪ûؾСǱ壬ǿɾ´
ŷҲһ΢΢ü٪¶ϵĹϵǲҲǰ¶ʥͻҪϢ
ûΪĸּؾͷŸŵʱؾɵʱһ벶ȸں̵ְ
㵹¶ϻе˼ʥӦǱضģ⻪᲻ǲһˣȻϣܹǰģϾҪҵľǻˡ
Ҳ٪ȻôĸǰعضҲõģ٪壬ҲǾȻϣؾУ
óһؾʹиǰعȻҲֻǸӣ
ϣؾҪˣһ٪忪Ա˵
˵꣬һƬǺȻ䡯ͬص׵Ļɽұһ㣬֮ϵĿʯȻڻڻ
Щʯþ͸Ͻߣ
¶˵ǵؾʯ֮ǰԤףصҾҪˣλģǲɿΧһ㼫ǿĽ磬ܹ֤ɿ󳡲κƻ
ѹ٪峤ҪǴʯԭԤص׻ɽҵı
ûĸԸʱ̴Щںڰ缫ΪĿʯǵĿ⣬ͷ˵ؾɵһ̣
ֻеؾҪģ
˶ܹɿбŻɽңһܣЩûü˳ĲɿȫҸճɻҽ֮ϵĿʯҲȫڻǺ¶˵һЩص׻ɽȴû棬ǶʯΧĽס
Χн磬ǲζǸȥ
߶ΪɻǵؾɳܹɿУؾأ
٪õһأղŻɽ緢ʱ̣Ŵ򿪵ĽأƽʱλȻ룡
ЩȻ
ص׻ɽ緢֮󣬵ؾڵصף֮ϣҲֲħЩħնɱɾؾŻᱻɳ
¶һ˵꣬˱㾪ȵʲôħ
ؾǵؽǧľ֮ЩħҲǴڵؽ֮еĶ飬ȻҲҪɵؾ
ؽ磬ħеĵطعҪ䣡
ҲǴ㣬ˣڹ÷ӡʯ򿪵ķӡǵؽħ
Ȼѹڰ統УûпƬħԭЩħڵؽ֮С
ء¸¸¸¡
֮ϣһӵصð˳Ŀǵؽħ
ô
ŷȵЩħѵΪص׻ɽҵԵʲܴӵؽô
ߣЩߣҪؾǼȻӵؽͱضõؾؾЩħģ
צҪ߳ȥȴǾȵķ֣Ǹճ嵽Щǰ㱻һڵء
磡Ľ磡
ЩħҪҵڣȴǷ֣ܾȻȫ˽硣
СǣҲôֻͣڽ֮ô
ħҪ¶ϣٰѽش򿪣ͽȥնɱħ
߶Ǻȵ
ʵϣǸնɱħǵؾܴӵؽǾͷֱؾˡ
ã֣ؾֻħȫնɱ꣬Ż֣Щħĵȼߵеսλնɱħ
ս𣿰֣ҿһǲҪȥˣ
ŷһһֻħսǻնɱƨҪ֪ħǱߵҪǿ
ͬȼ֮£вķĻսʤħ
ŷһɱ¼֮ҲǰüΪǴҪȥˡ
Ƕۣ֪Ͳˣ
ŷȵ¶ϣѾ׼ˣϽ򿪽磡
¶ϵͷ¶һ˿յЦݣ򿪽ء
һӰΪֱӽʯкЩħɱ
ȥ¶֮⣬ʯ֮⣬Ҳֻʣŷͷͯˡ


1407 
¶ϸʯ˵ҡͷȻЩߵУ͵ġ
ŷҲųսʵͷͯͺ¶ˣ֮²֪ͷͯǱŷģǲ֪ߵغԼûб£ͨ˽
֣ʵ֮бضܹնɱħΪ㲻ȥ
ŷʵ
ⲻһ¶į𣿡Ц
ʦҶҪȥ
ͯ죬ȻҪȥɱħ
Ļʦǲ㣡
ʦ㻹ΪеԹҿɲ֪ϲ´ΣҼװûп
ʦ˵˱ˣٶ죬ұġ澭ˣ
Ѿȫˣ
˵ţʦﻹвٷŵĹˣ
ʦգҲöģ
¶ڲԶͷ֮ͯĶԻ֮Աǵ˼㣬ҪڰעϿ»ǰĶԻģվֻͨ˰ˣĿ⿴˿ʯС
һЩħЩħ쳣ǿʵͨĶгսΪߵȻҲвٸ֣վħʵ̫࣬ÿһ߶ҪնɱʮϵħпܰЩħնɱɾ
Щ߸Ͼ˫ʵಢǺܴ
ҲǿеļսҪ֪⼸֮У˵Ϊڵʵ൱ŷһˣʵ㸸Ǻεȼ
һ߼սսȼÿһǳɱʵ֣ʵ⼸жǲĴڣ治֪Ϊʲôҽ
ŷ̽ʵΪ֪ҲҪǵؾȻ߹ŷʵǿ󣬵ŷȻûĻʱҪͻǾͲð˰
㵹ûŷҲҪԼڰ絽׵һľˣһ߼սҲ벻ֻǶ̶ʱգӺڰ浱յĺڰ֮ѾӽɾһԾս𣬡սΪأֻǵһأǱ۲ҪǾ⣬սҲҪ̫ʱ䣡
ɱ
֮еɱ¾ԽԽˣŷŷļֶΧһǲûʹ̫ԭҲҪΪؾ
Щħ̫࣬ʵ̫ǿֻƾǣնɱ꣡
˵Ѿ˼ͬʬ壬Щʬ嶼Ǳħ˺ѵģĲҲ̶ã沿ȫǡ
٪սʿȻҲǣǲ񻰣
Ҳ˳溰¶ϣǲ٪ֽæ
ǵĿ٪սʿڿλǲ˼
¶һ˵߶Щĺʲô˼ѵ٪ٸֽعΪ˰æնɱЩħô
¾ЩиܹնɱħԼҲĲɣ
磬ô죬¶ǵǹʹ˵ŷĹϵһһؾǣҪĻڶҪˣ
ŷҲǳ¶˵¶֣Ǽ˶֮Ϊ٪նɱħæǲЩף
ûѵͣҪõؾֻҪҪ۵ģ
Ҫȥؾ
ߣѾˣɱҲɱɱҲɱ
¶ȵ
ЩʩչҪӳȥȴǷΧͭǽڣͳȥ
¶ԭһж٪ĹƣĿľɱЩħЩؾҲǲָǵģ
ŷ¶ȵ
¶ȴеһһŷؿڴʹŷˤڵϣҽķûʸʲôȻͨҵع

ŷ쿴ŷ¶ˣҲǺȵ¶Ƕ꽻飬ŹҶӣħǶɱǣ
ߣɱͺã
¶ȵ
еʵҲһֱӴħѹסЩħеһֻȫѾѾնɱսЩУֱ֮ɱһߣʵ֮ǿܵ
Ⱥߣ˭նɱ˭
ֻ쳣ǿ󣬿ܹ³ҺֻҪⶾҺմΣȫḯ࣬ǶߣҲḯ
ħߴɱ¾ߣת˲䣬ߣ㱻ɱһ롣
ŷߵҲħɱʬǶûˡ
ȺЩħնɱ꣬ؾ֣ٶȵɱЩħ
׺ȵ
ʦ㻹ȥæɱô٪嶼Ҫˣ
ͯ˵
СУȻң¶۾ȵ
Σ㱾٪壡˵
Σԭ٪Ҳǲɱͨ˵ģߣڿҪˣ
¶ȵֱһɱͷͯǴ˿̣ԶȴǾһĨ
Ĩʹ׶ʥĸ֣ˣ
Ҳɻ¶ôûг֣ȴҲԶһɫڴһ˲䣬㻯Ϊһ˳¶ǰѼȵȻ
ôԹñˣ
ߣҪлᣬһɱ
СɫɫҪŬܹγ˵ģ
˵һڶģ
ϺãʥеĽ峤ǲعȡؾģ
ãǵؾڿ֮УûУֻҪնɱЩħؾͻӵص׳֣
¶˵
ͷаγһѽɫЩħֻҪɱħ㲻Ϊ壡
ñɱɣ
ХһһнɫӴ⣬𳤽ֱӳͷȥ

Ȼʥ֣оˣҪЩħɱ
һᴩĶͷΪᱻɱȴû뵽ȻһҺҪǽߣҪЩ綾ޱȵĶҺϡ
ߣʥΣǶҪ֮У
Ǹȵ
ЩħĶ֣
û˻뵽޷ܸҪ֪ʥĸ֣ܲ˸Ӳˡ
ҡҡͷãʱ䲻ˣؾ¾Ҫˣ
׸ԭ߿ȴû뵽ŲҪɱ㵲ǰ棬СôģȻôٶȵǰڲһûô
۾ⳡϷһ㶼ÿ϶ѵؾɵĵص˵ɣĻ³϶ȥħҪң


1408 ؾ֮꣡
㲢ûпѹԼҲʹÿ֮еȫĻ
ʲôףؾȻ棿ģ
ϼţҪǸɣ
ףģ칬һĲ㣡

Űٰɣ׼ڵѪⱾ٪ļƻҪͨص׻ɽңȻѵؽħųøĸֽնɱħ
٪һأֻҪأߺħ޷ؾҲͲɣһط
ױǰȥɵؾĵطȴû뵽ᱻʶƼơ
ϣϣˣؾûпɺãԭɱĵؾ֮˳
ʲôȺ֪ؾ֮жôǿôǿǲһλսߵʵ
׺ȵ
ؾڵؽǧ꣬ؾ֮Ҳһֱػŵؾǧ꣬ԭ٪а취õؾʱѵؾ֮ɱڵؽ磬Ͼûؽ磬ؾ֮ʵҲǷӲ㣬ֻ˵ؽ磬ǲޱǿģ˭Ҳû뵽εĵؾ֮겢ûиڵؾʯ֮ϣǵȵؾ֮ʱŴӵؽҲĶ˿٪սʿе
ؾ֮ڵصףҲǴɱķϾһֻһְǾػؾ˭ǵҪؾҪɱ˭
ϣؾֲ̫֮Ѿɱǰ٪սʿ٪սʿҲɱˣ٪壬ʧأ
ڴ˿̣ʯУһ⣬Ҳǽǿһһؿڣֱӱɱ
ʣħټ֪ؾڿ֣ҲĻ䡣
ɱɱɱ
еץסᣬƬնɱħ
ȵף㻹ǳȥӡ칬̤ƽعôߣ
Ҳǵκ˶֮УȻȥȡǵؾȴû뵽ƻȫˣҶʥˣ˵ˣҴ򿪽磬һȥնɱǵؾ֮꣡
˵װѽش򿪣ȫˡ
һһŷͯҲʧˡ
ⲻǿ
ȵףʲôϷ
ڽУؾһڿУ״˸Ĳǿ
˭˵ؾһҪڿ
ҡͷ
󣬴Ƭɱ¾ӲԶ

ʶܹܵԶһֻħڷɱ¾ţؾǵؾ֮ꡣ
ӷ𣡡
ͯҡҡͷ
Щ߿ǵؾ֮ԣܿؾ֮곤ʲôģȻҲΣȴǼŵģһֻ龹Ȼۿ֮⣬˫۴׳ȷʵ˵ëξ޴ڱƬؾʯ
ؾ֮ߵŵĶ٪սʿʬ壬Щޱȵ٪սʿڵؾ֮Уһֻֻϡ
һȭ٪սʿ
ؾʯȥǵؾʯֺƽΣ
˵
вʱΪǻô
ݣŲӾɱ㣿
ŷȵղ׻ŷһĻ¡
ؾ֮겢ԶһֱǻڵؾʯܣҲǹ۲쵽ؾܹ֮ԴԴϣƺҲǵؾʯŲСĹϵ
ؾʯԴԴϵĸؾ֮о˾һ£̸ǧ¡
峤峤ˣ
һ٪˵
٪峤Ҳһ٪սʿһΪҲһؾżսʵȻؾ֮굱ɱ
Ŀġ
Ȼ峤һ£Ȼ˿̣ҲЩʧ룬벻٪ȵؾɵǧ꣬㾡һһ飬ȴû뵽Ȼֵסؾ֮Ĺơ
٪峤һһؾżսؾ֮ɱǵУû˻ǵؾ֮Ķ֣
˭˵ģ
ŵмƾҲǸ޾š
Ҳһؾżս۷壬˵а취ɱؾ֮꣡
ͷȻն£οؾ֮꣡
ƾһˣֻװ
û뵽Ȼ˸Ҫ֪ղնɱʱǺεȵ۷磬Χһ˶Ǹ׳Ƴڼʥˣ˭Ҫ֣
ûһ˿ˣмʲôҲǸͨˣԷסɣ
㵲ס׵ʱ򣬽ǿ˵ģٶ֮죬զ࣬ԷҲȥĻֺαҪأ
ҲǰעϣжΪм˵û÷϶ȥ˵ֻǸأ
ŷȴǲС㣬ֻʩչףǻص
ǲű۵ĻǱûһԣǵؾ֮ʵ󣡡
ȵ
ߣ
һ壬ŷ춼ȣȻһĻҪǿ
ʥȱҪǿؾ֮ضᱻɱ
˶˵
ɱ
һȣһ޴ֱײؾ֮꣬ʹص׶ѿ϶
¡
һ죬ԭȥؾʯģȴû뵽ߵĽȴѪҰڵϡ
ǵؾ֮꣬ȴȻվԭأ𣡡

ܣȻݻٲǵؾ֮꣡ôܣʥǿ
š
Ҳ֮С
ؾ֮֮ԻǿΪǵؾʯ
˵
Ϊʲôؾֲ֮յؾʯôǿ
ؾʯȻûбؾ֮գǵؾʯɢ޴ЩԼؾ֮ĵ
ԭˣôҪնɱؾ֮꣬Ҫؾʯֿؾ֮꣬޵һĴڣ
˶ͷǶΪ˵ĻЩ
Сʹǿһնɱؾ֮꣬۴Ӳ渨жϵؾʯ͵ؾ֮ϵ
˵
ҵѾˣһصʥƣ򣬶ʱ޷ָ˵ǿһھһսɱΣ
˵οƾʲô㣡
û˵һϹлֱӴڽ֮ϣ˿ĻȻֱӸԭˡ
ѴˣҲףΪξ
ûסǵؾ֮Ĺǵؾʯ
ҶˣҪڻң
ָ֮ھȣ㣬㣬ô쵽ģ


1409 һ
ֹǽڳиֶһ棬ȻҲ֪еɫâʲô
ŷ˵˵ףİɣ
֣ǻм٣ʵɲ⣬Ҽ͵ΪͨˣҺعô
ŷ˵
ŷ캧ȻԭһֱΪͷͯǸŷعʶģ㵲׵ʱҲһۣȴͽһΪȻߣʵȴǲãҲڡ
ո˵ĵؾ֮ؾʯԴԴϵĹӦŻǿʵȴŷͬĺܣټϣһϹ⣬괴ˣŷȻҪ࿴ˡ
Ǳ۵ط֮ȬϽʹǿһֻҪסؾ֮һ룬۱жϵؾʯϵ
˵ʱ򣬵ؾ֮ûеؾʯĹӦλȺɱֶ֮ؾʯ
֣鰡ŷһ֧㣡
ŷͻȻһֱȺ֮оûʲôȨϾųսǰȻŰ裬ع֮УиǰȴڵײĴڣǿնҽȥҲҪΪŷһĻصŷ壬˵ҽնǺεȵ裿
£ڳ˵УҲֻʶ㣬ֻҪϵ˲ῴ
ƨ
ͯȴֹһ
ŷ˵Ҳͷ֣ҲΨмͽֻؾ֮ˣ
ʱ̣˭Ҳǰȥնɱǵؾ֮꣬Ͼ٪峤һؾżսǰ֮˭ȥȻ֮ǰ㣬֮ı֣ȴʶ㲢֮ͨˡ
ŷ˵㣬ǶСģؾ֮꣬ƺˣ
𣡡
ǵؾ֮ԭزϵţƺ˭ǰһɱ˭
˵㣬Ʋʥôҵǿһǵؾ֮һ붼סǻұȻס룡
ס룿
˵ؾ֮ȫûһţΨһȱ̫ûеؾʯΧṩҪɱ練ƣҲΪˣؾ֮ǰĹǼǿģܿס룬ҶҪ㣡
ϻ˵ҽ˵㣬жϲ˵ؾ֮͵ؾʯϵʱ򣬿ɾͶˣ
ԭȻʵˣ˭Ŀ֮ģս뷨ǿһնɱģ㾹Ȼ˵ס룬ʥ˵Ǻεȵ裿
ҪǱʥеһЩ֪ˣʥôء
Ѵ˵ˣ⼤õĲǽһӶѷԸҿҪǵؾ֮ˣֻǿϧʥܵãгعһ˾ķ򣬵ؾ֮Ҫɱǿɾͺˣ
СٻʥˣҲĺܣ
СٻҲǴ
Ƕ˾޿ռú̽γʥİɣ۴Ҫȡǵؾʯûʱǣ
ʦҪСģؾ֮ϵ̫أ
ͯѵ
ͷͯƺѻҪͽ𣿡
Ұãˣ
ȵ
ͯƲƲ죬߬š澭һԹӡ
𣡡
ؾ֮ԽԽȻָ״̬ͻȻתԵؾҲٴˣһһӴ쳣أ㶼ûаӲץͯһԡ
ۣ
߱ղŵؾ֮һնɱҽûС
һ㣬ǿնɱǵؾ֮갡ҿɲ٪ʹ壡
죬϶Ųһ̴ľջ
еĽɫ
Сؿζֻɫ㶼Ҫ
ɫͻȻһ䣬ڵؾ֮ؾʯȻԶľ룬֣
Хһһ壬ŻʵϽûʩչٷ֮һٵֻаٷ֮ʮһΣȻҪʩչٷ֮ٵ
ֻΪԼϡ
ͱҪƴ
ŷ쾪ȡ
Ҫ֪ǽʩչʱ򲻵еؾ֮꣬ѣҲֱӱؾ֮ץסɱһܿܵؾ֮ɱȻⱾĽҲмԻɱؾ֮ꡣ
ɱ
³һгǿҵĽɫ⣬֮ϣ˶ܿһֻɫĹӰǵؾ֮ȥ
ɳȻ᳤磬ʹص׶죬ƣʵϲڣǵص׻ɽ緢ʱ״
һЦǴҪľֲصһ
𣡡
ؾ֮겢ûηǽĺһ෴ȥ
찡
߶Ŵ͡
¡¡
һ죬еĽɫȻؾ֮ˣǵҲؾ֮ɱΣгǰδеĿ־塣
Ҫ֪Լĺϻܹﵽսʵǣǿһƺڵؾ֮У˵С
ͻȻԼµŵǣײһ룬ʧˣеҲˣкȵУܱȺƲҲҪס룡
֣㻹ϽܣٲܣҪǵؾ֮ɱ
˶˵
ɲǣؾ֮꣬һֳǽ˹ȥܶ߶ҡͷƺϧϾؾ֮ǿ󣬶ѾˣͿסؾ֮һ
壡
һȣɢǿҹâʥ峤ڽȥع֮ǰԴڵһо壬ܹסս֮µйȻԽÿֻʩչһΡ
飡
ؾ֮һ񣬴ڽ֮ȴûκεķӦһΣȴҲЩ˷ֻҪܹסǵؾ֮һôлжϵؾʯ͵ؾ֮֮ϵˣ
ףأ
˶ѰӰҪ֪ղŽʩչǿһʱǵעѾڽϣûע⵽㣬һȻͻȻһҪȥжϵؾʯ͵ؾ֮ϵô
룡ҿסˣ
Ȼȵһֱڶסؾ֮ĹҲڼſסʱ䣬סʱǸоñҫƺҪ߱ˣǿʥɣҽ˵㻰ɣ

˴˿˼ȥעǶȻǵؾ֮ǿҪǵؾʯֻҪܰѵؾʯߣȻ˿̣һȴǴȺ֮йᴩǽֱӻҪߵؾʯ㡣


1410 ң
Ҳĺܣԭػסؾ֮ĹѾΪˣҲΪȡؾʯȡ㹻ʱ䡣
ֱӴߵؾʯȴûϵһ쳣ԵĽ⽣ǿĺܣڳκһ˿ʩչĳġ
㲻ðտסǱˣ¾õؾʯҲߡ
һֱӶ㿪ǵ
˿̣ؾ֮ҲȻӦһŰѽ߷ɣǵؾʯƴ˹ȥ
һǻ֮ҲȻ££棬˫ɱ֮һܹϵ磬׳ϳԾѵ¾ǻˣ
׳ôһ˵˶𾪵Ŀˡ
عһˣ
ѳڵ֮ϣ֮ϣȻһѷ죬ɼΪжǿ
ͣ
߷ڵϣѪ˶ܿ˿ܵˣϴθء
Բôסؾ֮ĹۿҪɹˣΪʲôҪƻ
˵
ʱҲȻӶ˻Ǻȴǰγָ㣬˵㲻ȡǵؾʯ
ȴǲȻʵԼ֮ϣȴǿԷûɱ˼
ΪǣǰعǷֶǵؾʯģҰѵؾʯػʥأؾʯƺǣ浽һڰĻܣ
˼ؾʯģ
ŷ˵ЦˣǻҪؾʯ˵α˵òȻ
˵һ飬ؾʯ¹شλӦ֪Ը⣬ǶΪһѰ׹ǣ
Ǻȵ
ңҪɱǣ
Щ߶ȵ
ܻɱؾܴ֮꣬ߵؾʯһжǰ˵
˵
Ҳͷ
ؾ֮Ƕ߼սΪǿʵִܹؾż۷Ϊǲţֻһ弶սҵвֻҪİ취濹סؾ֮Ĺһ˴ǵؾʯǵؾ֮꣬㲻Ϊˣ
˵ֻǣߵؾʯ֮ȴԲ㣬Ϊϵһûг׸ףµʱߵؾʯȴ޷ץ㣡
ܺã۾վһԣζԸؾ֮ģ
ͷ
˭Ըǣ
Ըһԣ
¶˵
ã٪峤ϣӦǵؾʯ
˵
УҪô죿
ܲˣǸܣŷ죬һɱ

ǰγط֮Уһؾ֮꣬һڿУٴնâ
ͬʱ¶ǰСҲȻһһؾʯ
𣡡
ؾ֮β뿪ؾʯ̫ԶһȭǣȴƾŽֵס˵ؾ֮Ĺơ
⻪ˣǿǽѾȫֵܵסؾ֮빥ǣȴܺǵؾ֮꽻ֹУ
ŷ˵
ýڵˣĻĻҪѪ
ʦǲǾҵĻˣ
ͯʵ
һѪĽ磬ʦû취ʶ̽
˵
Ծк͵ؾ֮꽻֣˫սУȻվҲǵؾ֮Ķ֣ؾ֮ƿǵĽУһǵؿڴ
¶ϣ춯֣
¶΢΢㶣ȻһԾֱڵؾʯϡ
ؾʯ񣬾һһֱ̰ڵ֮ϣһââ¶ʹ¶̰ɫǵؾʯֻҪӵؾʯ¶عֵã
֣ƥȻռΪУ
ŷ˵
ңɱ
ŷȵ
¶ֻһǵؾʯ֮ϣ˿¶ȻҪǵؾʯ
䣡
ŷԭҪֻɱ¶ȴû뵽˿̵¶徹Ȼѿ֫ըƬԽ֪ȥˡ
ô£
ŷɻ
ں͵ؾ֮ƴɱҲǷֳ񿴵һĻǰ˵ˣؾʯ֮ħܹеǵؽħ汻գ˱ħ
ǣǸô죿
ǵп־ᶨ֮ˣУϽߵؾסǧҪǿ̣֮У̰ģʱǽ¶һԱ
Ѿǿֵؾ֮Ĺˡ

һһԾȻǿ֮ʱҲǳ˺¶һģһĳ֮пԼ̰ģյؾ֮
װҿ쿸סˣٲߵؾʯؾ֮귢ŭˣȫҪ
˵
û˸Ҷ˭Ҳװŷȥȴձŷֹ֣Ҫȥ˭չ裿
ŷ룬ûг嶯ȵû뵽٪ĵؾɣȻݱԭǶҪǿؾҲѾ˵ˣǿؾʯıˣħλԸȥǿؾʯˣ
ھǸңҲҪˣҿɲ뱬
ˣҪˣ˭Ҫ˭ȥ
߶ҡҡͷ͵ؾȻҪ
Ƕã
˵
֣ѵңǸҵĻȥǣ
ҡҡͷ۲ңǱһǱۿҪ͸ˣ
Ǻ͵ؾ֮ڷսǱ⻰˵ĲҪйȵ㣬ұΪܹߵؾȴû뵽Ƕǿؾʯѵʱ̣Ȼֲ֧˶ãܹߵؾʯ͸ϽߣǶû
ԭֹӴؾʯΪʵԼڵϾгصؾʯܹϺҲû뵽ؾʯɢħȻǿڳս֮ϵߣȻһ˸ȥǵؾʯ
£ǸͿסؾ֮Ĺˣһؾ֮ɱǣعˣ¶Σա
ˣҲȥðˣһǿؾʯƻ󱾵۵ǣ۱ǸǺð
㵭˵
Ǻȵ㣬ѵϣǶô㵽ҪΣſȥõؾʯ
ĳˣոձֵĽģ󱾵۵Ļ˵ðΣȥλȡǵؾʯģ
˵
㾹Ҫ㣡
ǶҪˣ㣬㲻ҪôߣΪҲ֪㻹ҪǿؾʯֻǣһˣȻλǿؾʯգգ
ؾʯ̺ħˣħؾʯҲôܹյġ
㲻˵
ЩҲˣ֣㵹ǿȥǿؾʯǿɲ
ԼãҲΨмȥõؾʯ
ؾ֮һһֱӻеһֻǵؿڣǶ³Ѫ
㣬ҸոմˣҲӦֹ㣬ڿȥȡؾʯ
δ˵꣬ǵؾ֮ٴγ


1411 ؾ֣
ԭͿԶȡǵؾʯȴǱֹʧ֪Ǹǵؾʯ֮ϾȻŹƻ֮㵹û뵽ģǰ֮֮ȡؾҲСˣǵҲʹ٣ͷ֣Ǳ۾ΪѰȥȡؾʯɣ
˼ͷӦҲϲ
ʦ𣬵İ
ͯ˵
һǺ͵ؾ֮֮ʱȻִؾʯϣûϸؾʯͱǵĽߣǲǻᳯƳ
̣Ө͸ؾʯУʯ֮ͷţƢѹؾܹ֮ԴԴϵĻȡؾʯȻ
֮ââУҪɻǣȻȴȻ峺ûбĹâǣҪ֪ȻΪûȫָǾȻޱȼᶨȹƻǵСȴѲ
ؾʯȻΪһ壡
㱾ŴؾʯȴǷؾʯڵ֮ϣ޷ߡ
㣬ǵؾʯҪûƿĻؾ֮޾˭Ҳ޷Ʒ
˵յؾʯ˰ɣ
ϱؾ֮ƣˣڶƴƵڵֵŵؾ֮Ĺ
ȷؾ֮ȴڣΪؾʯܹṩѹؾʯ˵ܹЯϣΪٶȣܼӿ첻١
£ҲֻؾʯҪؾ֮ɱ
ǿ
һֻϹ⣬Ϲ֮ϣ̱ȻҲ˵ؾڶԿķ׭̱ȴվûз׭棬׭ѹ֮󣬱Ƿ˵ֿ
ؾʯһıţһɹɵҲǽĵ
յؾʯŷҲǾˣʲô㾹Ȼյؾʯ
ôܣǲ˵ؾʯô
Щж¶Ŀ⣬Ѿʩչ㣬ȻǶһ
ؾʯǧ漣̺ž޴һС飬ΪЩˣһʼΪؾʯ޷գðհѵؾʯߣһ㶼յؾʯˣﻹס
ԣˡ

һյؾʯһְγѪ񵶣һնǳ͵Ϯļˡ
飡
ǼȫѪ
֣ҪҪǶȺ֮ں͵ؾֻ֮ҪǸɵ㣬յؾʯˣ
˳ŷ顣
ŷȴ˵֣ʵǿ˵ؾʯǲ
ŷȻҪȥɱ㣬ȴŷ˵ܹʩչطԥŻҡҡͷȥɣŷȻ˵˲Ҫǵؾʯ˵
ߣ̰֮ͽ
һսȫȥ
ǺȵȺѬ֮ˣ˸ɾ
ߣ֮ǰЩս֣۶ҪηǼ֣ڣȻյؾʯΪǣնɱǣ練ƣ
һӳǸս㵱ɱ
սŵ˫ȶڶ£ŷҲҸո˶ŷȰ裬ĻҲҪɱ
𣡡
ڵֵסпѪѾ޷ܵؾ֮Ĺ
յؾʯַѪһؾʯΧĵ涼ȫѿ޴Ҳ𶯵ǵؾ֮꣬һĵؾʯҲȻСڵ룬ǵؾʯҲȻɳ棬һסǵؾʯٴ𵴳һؾʯ֮еȫѹֻһƴС̣ѵؾʯУҲȻؾ֮ǰ
һƻϣǱϹƣܹؾ֮һƿһֱնǵؾֱ֮֮ϣǵؾֱ֮۾Ȼð˿˿Ȼˡ
㾹ȻܹôӴ
ŷԾ
˭Ҳû뵽㾹ȻһֱӰǵؾ֮նˣҪ֪ǵؾ֮Ƕ߼սĴڣȻǲ˽֮ǰʵȴǾû
ǵؾʯȻ޴
Ҫ֪սÿһǼѵģŷһս߼Ҳ֪˶¾ʳ˶鵤ҩֻǻʱ䣬һֵؾʯֱһսʵ
죡
һؿʮΪ
ڵϣȵ㣬ǵؾ֮뿪ؾʯϵʧڵʵҪնɱ׾٣
նɱ
ҡҡͷؾ֮ҲǿĺܣҪ
ʲôħҲգ
ûǣӳâֱӻǵؾ߲֮꣬ϵԭȴȻ޷赲ĵâ
һϹؾ֮ؿڣǵؾ֮ؿڴкոɾ
Щ֮ǰؾʯתΪоڵǳ졣
һϹǣĻҲΪмǴѸԭ㣬лȣ
Сأ
һԾڷͯԣͯ˵ʦյؾʯʱҿ˻Ϊܵˣ
ۻָˣû뵽ܵˣ
ҡҡͷ
˿ﶼЩ£ղҲҪȥϷһؾʯģȴǰûȥĻڿ¶ǰ׹һѡ
ǻȬҲָ˵㣬ؾʯ޴Զյô򵥣պᱻеħԷɣҲǰҵģ
ħκβ˱ۣ
˵
ҲգⶼʹȻǰҲǸңһԵЩ飬ǿ󣡡
Ǹ̾ʲô˵ǽôȥģ٪г϶ǵؾ֮ɱ峤Ҳˣǵعʮδûܹȥ
󣬱м٪˽зŵǽ˿̵Ľȫ˺ۣǱʯȫһ㡣
֣ңңҸо˫֣˫ţû֪
˵п
ͳһˣ
˵һϹнϵĴȴȬ˲١
Ѵˣ㾹Ȼ־㲻֪Ҳˬ
СɫɫҪˣԺŰ˭ȥ
ˣ涮ң
Ȼ˽Ĵ󲿷˿ڣȴҲһЩ覴ã˵СȿҪԶзˣ
Ϊʲô֣ҲзϰҪң
û취ҲҽȵĴˣ޷ϣ
ҡҡͷ
ˣⱲӸˣ̫ˬˣ

Ҫɲз찡Ǹ٪壬ҪЩ϶ˣǵعʮ޷رգôܻᱻ˳

㣬عʮؼѴ٪峤廹δȬ˿¶Ҫ㣬ܳعʮأ
˵


1412 Ƴ
عʮ٪ΪĴ죬Ҳ٪ôûַܵԭҲֻ٪峤ͳǲ֪عʮصĹرշһعǽڣȥҲǽΪʲôҪӻʥشԭˡ
ǵĻǴȻãȻЩˣҲûˣعʮأҲ޷ƽ⣬˵УҲֻʵǿͷΪֻܰѳصϣϡ
Ҳ֪Լع֮У׷¶ǣ֣һҪǳع
ؾʯѾһ룬һ뱻ѹСУЩȻ˭Ϊ㣿
ؾ޷ˣ˭ҲһӶع֮а
عѵ٪ѾʵǴԵϵع˰
ЦЦ
źӻأ֣ͲҪʱЦ
ҲڵϷˣŵع֮ȥص֮ϱϺ֮ʮأǽҲֻͻƵʯأѾʯҳɲзȻعʮزô򵥾ͨġ
֣㵹취û֪ˣҪصϾң
ίԭڿʯյؾʯԱˣ㷢ͷЩԣʱȻˣܵеģ˭֪عʮأʯصʱ㱻ʯصףһǱˣٸһλĻҲȥعʮˡ
ʦ𣡡
ͯ˵
ȷںרעʶ̽عʮصò˵٪ļһﶼһţʮʵ󷨣ʮأۣÿһضޱȣǵʯʵϻģ滹вظΪ
֣а취
ʵ
ͷãƽ󷨵Ĵʦ
а취
˶һϲ
عʮʵͨиı󷨣ľˮ˳ңҲ˶ɣոմʵظıľʯأУڵһ㣡
˵
㣬û˼ʲôлҰ
ǣ˭عʮأľˮжҲһϽأһǻأҲعʮص֮
˵٪ǲвûأ
٪ʮһģһģȻܹʮӦƽ֮٪Σˣ
㣬Ȼعʮ˵ƽ⣿
ȱۣ
һȣһֱӽعʮ֮С
˶ԭصȴǶȨȨǣ֣Ҳ֪ܲƽعʮذҪƽⲻˣѵҪһӶع𣿡
Ҷعˣģؾˣڻ㲻ع֮С
Ӧûа취ģҶҪģ
˵
ֻصʥ壬ȣ˵ܹʥˮһָ
˵
ʱ֮һӵعʮȵ˿ǵ֮ȴǷѾվԣ㣬ôˣ
عʮرʱرˣ
Щ
عʮҲôɾƽģҪо㹻͸ڵΪû취ʱͰعʮعرˡ
رˣҲ˵ڿԳȥˣ
Ͻϲ
һ٪ܹ˵֣峤ͳ϶ˣعʮأҲ޷رգһֱع֮УҲûչǰɷһȥ
˼ñ۸ǰȥ
Щ٪嶼㱻ؾ֮ˣȴͨ󣬲նɱؾ֮꣬һƽ˵عʮأҲڴܹǰȥ
ǼһֱĬȻ̫ðţ˵ԸĻ칬ǻһУȴвٿɽǿס
壿
Щ٪嶼Ҫ֪ڰΪص֮һܹסڻ嵱УȻ⡣
֣ؾʯаԼˣһһ˻ɣǰ㿴
˵
ȵþ仰ڰĻ壬ǵĳ֣ܰ·ȥ壬ҲǺõúܣϾ֪ǻôء
˵֣벻칬һСֻ˰ҲھˣҲ飬һͬǰɣ
ǵͷ
ŷ˵ȻعʮѾرգŷһصˣ
Ҳǣ
Ҳ˵
ãҲߣ
˵

Ϻ֮԰ԴСɵʮһ֮ĵҲǱߡռˣЩ߽ȴǲġ
ԭ⺣֮ϣһֱмǿߣܵ˵ص׵ײ
Ҫ֪ںϣȻܹܵǧ֮µĵص׵֪صһǷʲô顣
صǵع٪һֱУǿɸֿʯǰϺ֮һ紵ݶûУǽ죬Ϊʲôعأ
ѵǵؾĳ֮£˵ؾʯǧһΣؾʯп̺żΪǿյĻ֪
ôҪҪصװһֵܷһֵؾأ
ع֮ʮأÿһգû˭ܹӵع֮дȥ
߸˵ꡣ
ǿƽ浱УһӰЩ˵ʵǶܹӦĳģǾٱǿһȼ
ս
Ȼȫս֮ϵߡ
Ŀ࣬һ˵ôսһǰعѵǵؾʯıǷֵˣ
ʶˣǰ
һߺһ
ǸĲٸֶ˵ϣνعʲôôôͨһأҲýȥæ
ƾʵҲȥ֪ع֮жЩʲôôǰ˴壬һһսΪȥл·
ϣǵؾʯأõ˰ɣ
ߺ˵
ûУؾʯʥĸֶ޷õôõ
ʲôʥ˶ڣ
Щ߶㵣⺣ƽϣһɫХȻʥĽһɫӰҲϺ֮ա
ʥͻĸ֣ǸڵѾò˼ˣ
Щ߶ֳ״ϣõؾʯˣ˭
ϿңԶʣǸǣһСе˵ıӰþòȻȻڵصףܵؾ֮ʱĨޡ


1413 ʥ
칬͵عԶعڵصף칬ȴ֮С
ʦ½θڿеأ
ͯȻЩ
ǽһ½ظڿУˣʵУ
˵
У㣬⻰˵ʥ峤ҪǿƵģ
м
㵹ǲʲôϾĿǰΪȴǻԲǿĽ磬ʱ۷״̬磬ʲô
Ǻһ٪˶ں棬Щ٪ҲѯһЩڻѶϢҲһһش
칬ںڰҲǼصĴڣ沢ֻסʥ壬ڵСֻѪҲڸ
˶Ѿִ칬ڲԶǻΣ˵壬벻쵹Ѳߣ
˵Ϊߣǽ壬ŽͷһΧȺʵô£峤˵˻ˣ˲칬ѵ֪ô
壬˵Ҽ˸ףһУ
㵽׸ʲôҲȳˣ
ߺȵˣ㸸Ҳе㿭Ȼȥɣ
ҲʥĹأ㣬Ҫȥ壬ͱ봩칬ȸŽȥװɣ˵ˣǾˣ
㵹ûʲô
ʥӶǼΪһλڴ֮Уüͷ壬վŲʥĸ֣ܻΡ
˽ӵʱ˵ôˣ
ڵع֮Уʮظȳˣ
˵вмί
ˣǽ񣬵˵˽ӣҪҳʥģߣ
˵
ҲСȱʯȳˣѾѵʱ䣬Ѿ󷨣ûܹˣ
ǽҲ˵عʮأûȥǸʲô뺯ô
еؾʯֵô
֣¶˵
鶼һһʮĸ˽񣬵Ȼв֦ҶİԼŰ裬ҵһָĵĿȫǡ
ͷߣͰѰûа취ҽҶˣ
ǣ죡
˵
뵽ȻʥĴ죬Ϊ峤أΪҲѾﵽսʵˡ
л㼰ʱҶӣĻȳľͲˣ
л
Ҳֻ־Ӱˣûʲô
㵭˵
ͷŵ˵ʱһֱ㣬ȴǾȷ֣ʵҲ޷̽㵽ʲô磬ڸûһˣǵؾʯģýе֣ѵʲôط
˵죬ҲǼҵģղŽ鶼˵һ飬ҴҪЩ٪ǰȥ壬£
ǣǻˣȻ칬عȻˣЩ٪Ȼܹ滪壬ҲǼõһ飡
㣬ǣȴǲܸȥ壡
Ϊʲô
ǲ⡣
ʥĴˣҵĶӣȻҪúÿǣȴЩ٪ȥұ֤㣬ȥ壡
ЦȴǴϿЩգĵֻϺ꣬ʲôҲã۾칬ţʲôϷ
Ҳã㣬ǵ壬㣡
˵űȺ٪ȥˡ
ߴһ˽ʥ嵱еҽܹǴˣ˿ȣüͷ壬˵ҡͷﰡ궼ãһȣڻ°ɣ
ǰӦѲɣ
죬֪˾ǰѾش֮ȫʯУ˫ش֮£ܵĴ˴ﵽȻѵĻָʱ䣬ҲΪ
ʲôʥ岻ʥˮôǵָܻˣ
нʣһĨڴȴȻҡͷ
찡֣ѵԺҪɲзɱȵ峤˽ӱ߳ʥ廹Ҫʹడ
ģһκõģ峤ޱߣһܹ˵ģ
˵
죬²У峤ڶУҲ֪жܻ
˵
Ҳƺˣ峤ǰˣҲ֪ΪҪԳУҶڼӡ峤
ǿͻȻһ׳ͷ֮ǻһһ㣬ƮңԶʡ
󣡡
ͯͶˣǼģȴǻĶ֮һ
ΪˣѾ峤ƣ
˵Ը峤ܹҽνӵưɣ
ͷߣٰһ飬ټа˴ͳ죡
ټ˴ͳ죿
߲⣬ȻȥˣϾְҲֻз
㵹ټ˴ͳΪԼ
Ǵ죬а˴ͳ졣
ߴŰ˴ͳӣǶǹ˵ã
ʶţܹܵ˴ͳʵҲܲսʵ
ǵͷ˵㣬ҽĶӣʥˣҪ˵л°˴ͳ죬ͳ˧ʥһսʿ
ǰ˴ͳ쳯㹧лӣ
㲢ûܳƽЩڴ뿴񵽵ʲôϷ
վڱϣҲҪʲôյҪл㣬ҲӦðѰ˴ͳйֲ
㣬˵ڵع֮Уؾ֮Ǳնɱ
ʵ
ǰɣ
ʵ㲢ûնɱؾ֮꣬˵ؾ֮Ĵ󲿷תΪ˵նɱҲΪ
ǵؾ֮꣬ؾʯҲһ룡
ͷ
ʣİؾʯҲˣ
Ȼͷ
㣬Ҳ֪ʥҶǰȥعΪʲôΪؾʯģڿɺãؾʯûдˣԼȳһȣ
˵ʥ˳ȥû˿
ˣϺ꣬ҪؾʯôȥˣȻ⸱ԣ
˵
㲢δǽ˵㣬ǰؾʯˣʥҲ˵ʲôˣȨҶӵĽͣǰؾʯڷڶﲻóɾͲ˰ɣ
㵹ǾúЦҪжô޳ܣ˵ȻĻϺ˼Ȼؾʯʥģһ룬ʥʹģǰ飬㲻óǾԲŹġ
죬ǲóҺΣ
ǿƽϣ¶һĨЦݡ


1414 ͳ֮
ҺΣ
仰µԭأô˵仰ģҪ֪սϵʵΧ˴ͳ죬һʥеĸ֣߶Ҳжսʵһĵؾʯѵʵܷս
ߣ㣬ôӣҳԶײʥĴ죡
ߺȵ
վһԣû뵽ݱȻǲ˼ع֮УϾǳ˲ģҪһؾʯȻ
ֹǽߣΧ˴ͳŭ㣬ƺʱжֵĿܡ
ײǴ˴ͳʱҪؾʯǺ˼ѵؾʯ֮ϣǴ֣
㲻һЦ
һȺǿ
ͯҲ˵
㣬ʥϳ˴ǸһȵĴۣѵؾʯô
˵
ôϻСǲǿȡǣ
һͳȵ
ȴ˵㣬ҵǸм㣬£ǲؾʯЩ岮ǱضŹ㣬㻹ǰѵؾʯóɣҽ㰲ȫʥ壡
㣬ҽҲܱ㰲ȫ
ֻ±۾óҲδܹе
㲻м
ƨСб¾óܲգ
ǿȡͳȵʵϣҲǴڶؾżս۷壬ҪΪҪôǰǵؾʯĵǲֻҪһСˡ
ԣ

̣һƴ̳̱֮ڿУ֮ɢâһҪյؾʯͳҪؾʯ౻̹âҫļͳҲ׷ͼյؾʯ
飡
һը졣
һͳ챬Ѫڽϣüͷһ壬ô£
飡飡
յؾʯͳ챬
죬ȥ룡
ҽ˵
㣬
ŷӦոԼɻǵĹâסҪ֮С
ŵϵļ̯Ѫ֣λͳ嶼ˣ
ͳջȥ֮󣬲Ż˿ոҲǵؾʯա
վԭͯ˵ӷؾʯֻʦգɱ¾
СУû˵ķݣŲţһȥ

ȫĺֵܣһӵŭﻹܲ㻹ǸӰ
ͯҲЦؾʯѾóˣûվˣڻҪúô
㣡㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ߺȵһҪĹȥȴǱ£ס֣
磬λͳ죬峤ͳ֪ˣǻǺã
ɱλͳҲ
ȵؾʯ̫죬ȻܹȻ֮
ԭҲһ㣬ʵϣ˿ȴҲɱܽ⣬ͳ˹ȻϧǵһҪмֵ
Ȼܹհؾʯһ֪ȻҲϣյؾʯķϾͳαܹյؾʯΪҪأ
һߣȴ뷨ϺԾҪǵؾʯ㻹ûʲôյؾʯİ취ֻѴ۷״̬Խص򣬾粻ֻΪ˲٣ޱȼᶨǵؾʯȻ֮⣬޷ƻϺҪ׵յؾʯİ취Ҳֻǰæһء
ʦǻ뿪ɣ
죬ȻǶ޷ؾʯҲֱܹ۲óˣðɣɫҲҪǰȥˣˡԶͣ
׼ͯ뿪
㣬ոնһᣬ̫ðʧˣؾʯȻᵽģȻ͹֣ҲǾȡȣ
˵ϾȹҶӣԶǧǲд㣬ϣµʱ峤˶Ҫ˵ҴͲܣ㣬ʥУһʥˮ̶̶ܹ磬ָʥˮڵнһΣܹΪǲĻʹȥʥˮ̶
֪ԸӲӲ»ʵ䷴ɱ㣬ǵؾʯûа취ҲֻܺǰͳһȡֻҪס㣬лյؾʯ
㱾Ҫܾģ޿ռ䵱УҲǴˣʥˮ̶Ī⣬УҺСٻΪǴаأ
Ҳ
˵ʵʥˮ̶ǰûʸܹأù񫣡
ҿɲȥҺʥжԹ
Сٻ˵
û£ҲУ˻ᱣǵģ

֣ʥˮ̶ǹùõĵ̣ҶֻȥһΣȥˣùǲ˵Ļ㶼鷳
ӣҪҵģ
˵
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㵹£ǳǽ˵ȻϿңǱƴǣ̫ˣ߰ɣҲȥʶʶ
ͷͳ춼ٻأѡͳ죬飬ûбҪҪó֪峤ǱߣȻȥͣ
ǣ죡
ͽҲǸһͬʧˡ
ʥˮ̶ʥʥأҲλ칬Ϊĵĵط
̶棬վڶʥսʿأǶһЩޣޣܻˡ
죬ѵҪ̶ЪϢô
ţȥ棡
ȵ
ҲɻʥôҪʥˮ̶Ҫͨʥˮ̶ˣʲô
ùã
λͨսʿеĶӳʵףҲܻûΣ̶߽ҪС³̶ˡ
ͣ£ҹùõΪ£
Ҫ̶ЪϢͨ
ڴ˵ȺͽȥùͨҲ֪ù˴ŵģ

ʥˮ̶ڣ̶ˮ峺쳣ܹӳճԼģһҪ̶ˮ֮УһϢĵطһŮˮ֮ϡ
㣬˯һ㣬˵ˣģŮӣҪ֡
ͨŮ߽Ů̫Ǿʥˮ̶ˣùã˵ҪЪϢ
ЪϢǰôʥˮ̶ʲôطˣ˯ĵطôΪǴ죬Ϊ֮
ˮ֮ϵŮ۾δüͷ΢΢𣬷Եþ쳣
ͨŮ˵ͷתظȴײһϣ̧ͷһǰ˾Ȼʥеˣӣеˣ㣬ü֮ɢЩм˧ᣬмֳȡ


1415 ʥˮ̶
ԭҪͨģǽҲѱ֮ˣԸȴ̫ãǴͽֱӽȥˡ
ͨŮײϵҲ㣬ŶԷʧĿɰģҲǾΪЦŮܻΣҲսʵˣȴɬѵʥˮ̶еŮˣû˵ô˵Ǵûмô˧©ˣ
ôӣȻҴôʥˮ̶
ĿǰɬŮƿ̶֮еˮ֮ϣȻһļŮˣŮ㿴֮ǰٴһףҲʹϵﲻ̫٣Ļű˿ˣŮ˻Ҫ裿
̫ͨˣǵʥĿˣùãɵ𣿡
ҪǿʶʲôʥĿˣ˵
Ů˵һۣȴһ˫۾ŮŵĲλһֻȫŮŮ˼һֱȵ󵨿ͽײҵŮ˵ھȻҡң
ʲôһֱô
˵
㻹˵
кβңŮѵ˿˵ûпűۣ
󵨣ùʥ峤Ůʥˮ̶ˣƽʱûĸ˸Ҷ࿴ۣ򣬾Ҫն̨ͷ
Ů˵Ȼոײ㣬ΪȣҲΪʥˮ̶ѵÿӣȻģУȷʵǼ˧ģԶײˣά
ŷ֣ԭǵͷֱŮˣ룬˻뿴ҿΪˣߵķͯҲǲҿŮˣһֱ߶ţɫǿգռɫ
ӣ˼ȻҪô壬ȴǺȵУŮ˶࿴ۣҲҪȥݵģ
仰һ˵ȥһѱĽˣ룬㻹ӣҪǰŮ˷Ʋסİ
㣬˵ʲô
ŮԼһ£ȻСӣʥˮ̶δɱˣ뵱һɣ
ùãȷˣɲҪ
˵
㣬㲻Ҫ˵ŭùãֻҰְֶסˣ
˵
ΪζҪùãѵֽйùã
ʵ
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˵
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ߣĻδЩˣ
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˵㣬㣬Ҳȳȥһ£Һ͹ùлҪ˵
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ͷ
ͽߣŮ˱˵죬ǸӣûɱˣĻ
аؾʯɱʥʲôûˣ
ؾʯ
Ů˵ңؾʯΣ
ùãҪΪ룬ΪǵؾʯҶһȵĴۣ˰ؾʯǰؾʯһ˸ղˣ°ͳ죬Ϊǰؾʯˣ
Һθɣ
ùã֪Ѿͣսöˣܹؾʯ˵ΪԾսҲ˵أҪ֪㸸峤ˣѾҪؾʯˣ
Ů΢ͷԸ׵ʵȷǲҪؾʯô
ùþɫûĸ˲ջ⻹õҽô
Ц
˼ƣƾǸ޳֮ͽ
˵ֻȨ֮ƣֻҪյؾʯķ׳ˣУοֻջѣùõʥ֮Ȼǲܵκµģ
Ǹң

ŷͯͽţһֱ߶ǻΪһֱϣʥˮ̶ԡҪ֪ܽһΣȥѾˣմմĹ⣬һ룬ԣҲһֱ͹ùõĶԻǽҲȥԡ
ʦŮǰʦ˵ԽŮˣĳԽ
㶼Ů
ͯͷʵСͷã᲻ᱻ۵
ʦ㻹ѰɣҲֻСٻϲ㣡
һ˵޿ռеСٻҲ˵С˵˾˻㣬ϲ
ߣԺҲҵһֻҵĸ޵ģ
ѱ
һ˵֣Һܹȥԡʥˮ˰ɣ
Ҵ㣬Ѿ͹ù˵ãԽȥˣ
ͷǽ˵Свܽȥ
Ҫȥ
㲢û񣬿ЦҪСвȥôܿŮĤԼ֮£
ûֹϾһСаˣҲ԰£յСӶܽȥҾͲܽȥ֣ʲô

ǣŷ̶ͯŮˮ֮ϣһ㣬һﵹ˼СУͰյؾʯķ׳ߡ
ʦҶ
ͯ˵
ʦڣʲô
ǺãҾڱϿ飡
ͯ˵žˮ̶ϡ
㣬Сͽܣ
ţɰɣ
ʵҪϲĻۿʦĸ
㣡
Ů˲ûס˵Цô̶֮УҪ֪ʥˮǲ֪ҪݵģܹΪ
۲һ˶ʥˮ
˼Ҫ㣿
ŮЦһЦˮһЦǣЦ绨֮ǰŮ˸ɫǼģһ£ܵ˲Ůļȡ
һЦҲ̶ֱˮ֮У̶ˮ֮ð˿˿ЩڿУ΢ʥˮܹ磬Ϊ㿴Ůˮ裬һˮϣŮʪͷգЩĳ
Ůˮ赸һ֮һ㣬ջʮ㣬һӣ´˿̾Ѿ̶֮С
㶨ȴǲǳˣȻվԭأĳλѾ߰ҲǷϻ˿ֳ޷۷Ļǡ
ͯڰߣ΢΢߶ѵʦĴŮ˶Ҫϲô
㣬Ǹرˣ
Ů˴΢ÿһ̶֮жǼջġ
ҲǸرŮˣ
˵̶֪֪֮мۺϲ
Ϲˣ
Ů˼˵㣬̶֮Уһǵһκһͬʥˮ
治˼ĵһξ͸˱ۣһɻҪ㣡
Ů΢΢ͷ
۲ùãΪϣҪ֪
ŮȻû뵽˵һ󣬻Ǿ㣬Ժ
ꣿ
ǣ
Ŷ̶֮еʥˮǻỻģ
ʥˮؾ£ÿžͻỻ꣡ôˣ
û£۵ҺҲصľӦòӰʥˮ
ʲô㾹Ȼ
Ůһȣðǿ⡣


1416 Ů
޿̣Ϊʥ峤Ůʥ壬һ֮£֮ϣû˸Υ
ʥˮ̶Ҳǽסĵطƽʱֻбֺõˣ̶֮ܽнʥˮʱ伫̣ȴĶӣҲֻһνʥˮɼʥˮ̶ǶôԽһط
ˣҪǽҪȡСյؾʯܣôܻһʥˮ̶ݣһȻԼ̶֮
ڽ׼㶯ֵʱ˵ֻ㿪ЦˣҪ֪ۿһΪʵԣӹɣ
û򣿡
û
ҡҡͷʵϣôܲ򰡣˵ʥĹʲôãнг
ʥˮ֮УǽҲ޷ܵģһ֮ڵĺɶҲǻָȻȻҪȡԼؾʯܲԼģȻţĿģ϶ɷ塣
ΪʲôҪùã
˵㿪ڵ
Ϊϲ˽ҹùã
һ˿ˡ
㵹û׷ȥȻһ̶֮Ӿ
㣬ȵȣ㣡
˵
ͣ
аؾʯ

ǵؾʯգյģ
ֱʵΪ˼ʵ̫ʺԸˣû취ȥ㣬ҲѾˣǿӲ˵Ļв֮
ӽۣΪ
ҡҡͷֳį֮£飬ǺŮдģοǽδµŮҡҡͷһҾʣû˼
Ӿɣιۣ㣬ǲܣñ۱һ£Σ
ϵЦаýԾܾ
ͯվڰϣҡҡͷʦʩչ椾ˣ
ԭǿôҲ㣬ȴ˵ȻҪӾǾҪƽ˭Ҳʩչ򣬾ף
㣡
ڴӦһҪ˵ĻѵҪһ£һ£ûʲôء
Ů˱ϾŮһ⽨Ǵ뺷
ʥˮ̶㣬㳯Űϵķͯ˵Сͷʼ
Ŷ
ͯͷʼ
˶㴦˳ȥûʩչȴǿһֱӾ͵յ㣬һôôҪ˵˲ʹôôʩչ
ִյʱѾȼһѩѣҲڵϴģһֱûл飬ϾҲһֱûװƵŮˡ
㣬òҪ˵˲ʹô㣬㻹ʹ
ȵԭЩȴû뵽㾹Ȼ޳ܡ
ʹõĲţ̽⣡
̽ⲻ
˵һط
֪ʲôô
ðỤ̋Щ̱ζ
ѩѣ
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ģ
Ӿһڣɣϡ޷Ʒģ
ȴһֱӰѩ˹ðŰ̵ô棿
ŮˣվֻŮˣ
ҡҡͷһĪװģ
ǰڵҹ굱椵ĹһǸѩѳһڣȻ󱻱Ǻʱ㶨Ȼ˫ֱϡȻʵϣֻǶ˿˲ڵѩһۣ׳ʥˮ̶һ˵Ⱦ̶ˮʵģ
ȻЩ⣬ϲû¶κξ״ǽ˵ѩѺط޹ϵɣ
۲˸񵣱
ֿ˵ϱЩͿˣûոʩչʲô


ֻһĽʣ
ѵ˹ͺڰ磬磿
ǧ磬УǰҲţڣȴǾ죬ûʲôܵģ
˵
˵Щ㶣С׺ȥĹù˵֮Ϊ磬һ磬һڰ磬統ѹʮԿƼȽϷڰ磬ȴߣ
㣬ȴǸ߽磬˵ԼڵĲ
Ů˾ǺĶҲһֱҪ֪˵絽ʲôģġ
ˣԸķ䣬ˣҪܳͷ
ͷ
ñıһ£
˵⻰ʱɢ޵ʱȴǽ͵ʱվԭأȴû뵽ѾˣԭеĵִҲһʧֻǺӵһ£Լʧʲô
㱧ŽŶԷһĸܰҪÿȪʱ򣬶Ů㣬һ¡
ӷ𣡡
ͯڰĿ椵ọ̈̄жʦӡҲǴۿۣһΪʦΪҲǿյĺܣɴ۴
һ۷§źڰʥŮһСб۴˹ճʥˮ̶컭
޿ռ䵱ҲѾǳ죬СٻҪƿռĽȥĺ꾫ǸŮ˾ȻҹҵˣҪȥɱˣ
СٻҪˣҲ϶кܶŮ˳˼ĺģ
УŮˣҲܣʥŮ˾ǲУҪɱ
𰡣СٻҪȻͷˣǰʵҲһ˧磬ȻҲҪһΣ
ð
Сٻѱֿˡ
Ͷ޿ռʩչһ磬ѺСٻڱŽ̶֮УĦĦȥ֪жô⡣
㶯ʲô
ǹһ赸Ϊʿ裬ҪȥģţҲԣ
赸
赸ǼΪоƽûҲ̶裬˵赸ЩȤҲĽ࣬ȥ
ʹĴҲǴﵽ˼ޣȫ㣬Ҫ֪ģʶŮУǼõģѾܵĳλٴ۷硣
ͽôȥЪϢѵΪˣǴ죬ûʸ㣡ߣҴȥСѾͷ
ľүүˣһֱŵȺأҲȥݽʥˮ
ãүүȥ
ϣǱȥ
סˣɴһȥ˸ս̶棬һԾ״ԭء


1417 Ϊ㷴Ŀ
ľϼĿ֪ǰȻһֳһԲʥ˾Ȼ͹һ𣬲һŤһģ߾ȻиСľ¿⻭ڽľֻ˼ǧϼһ˵ȻǴ̼ĺܡ
ȻԤϽṴ㣬ȴû뵽˾Ȼ̸˵һ̶֮Ťѵϲˣ
ĸоȴֱӵĺܣţƵһˣȻݹùã찡ʥжȴܰ쵽鰡
ľүү
㱧һʱҲǷ˾裬ûʶҲʹý˴ڵʱѾˡ
Ļ΢죬Ҫ֪ʥУ峤ˣûĸԸұء
㣬ڸʲô
谡
֪˵ʲôǿڵϾʱ̣Ҳֻͦˡ
û㣬ˣʰ㣡
ľϺȵ֮УŲмһˣȻʥˮ̶֮бʥĹ飬Ǵȥ
ľүүȷʵںأһԹ赸Ϊʿ裡
˵
磿˵СԹ磿
һʣͽЩ𺳣ǵû뵽㾹Ȼһ磬˵Ǹ磬Ѿǿ߸ӡסô
ĿǷӡʯʯһڰ֮Ųܴ򿪣
óĿʯ
ƿڰ֮űҪĿӡʯһֻޱǽػӡʯҲ֪ôˣ
ľ˵
ľүү˵Ŀѣ峤˽ӣ䵽磬ȡǼѾȥٶˣ˭֪ڹûأ
˵
쵰Ȼˣ㵱ʱӦСӲзȣģ
Ѵ
㵭˵ҲصڰҲ˵أ
ôᣬĿӡʯУôصǻصʥ
м
Ҫ˵ˣ㣬һףΪʲôʥˮ̶һˡҲǲеģ
˵ϣģڵع֮С
ѵعͳϽһ飬ԹҪϻаؾʯ࣬Ͼһ֪飬ؾʯҪһˣȻǺܲ顣
Ҳ˵ӣԣŴʥˮ̶ʥˮԲԣ
ľʵ
ȻҲȡ˹ùõͬ⣬Ŵģ
Ҳǵͷľүү˻ͦģȻˣǽһʥˮҲƺûʲô
ߣʥˮޱ󣬾ʥ˶ѵܹһΣΪ˸жСӽһ±ûʲôǣСӾȻ§§Ǳ峤֪ˣǻ˵ã
ľүүֻҪ㲻˵ǲ˵˭֪
˵ˣүүʲôô
дϾҪˣ׼׼
үүأҵʱһϯдȵģְֹҲˣ
ţ
ľתҪ뿪ȴǵһۣСӣ֪ı޸ȻܹʥĹߡ
Ż˿ȵȳȥлҪ˵
ͷ
ùã˼Ҳˣɴ̯ưɣ
ֱ˵
ֱ֪ӣûӦһָŽʲôӽۣȻĿĵģ۵ĺʹʹ
㣬ҽͰ鲻
ùãʲôǾҪϵİؾʯյķ˵˵ôµ񣬻ʲô
㣡
¶һţڱһѪ˳ȥҡΣ˹Ӱ۸壬ǰӰĲɣʧ䣬˿
㣡
ȵҳȥ̣
ùãʲô˼ѵǰؾʯ
һѪ

֮оһֱڽϣֵȻûб⾢ˣȴҲȫ׽˼˵õ˼ƹȡؾʯշȻһյؾʯôô˵ͱ䣬̬ȣѵҪ˽ؾʯ
ʥˮ̶裬˵ùãҵùͲӦðģߣƣдȵʱ¹˭֣
ȥ֮󣬽Űסһעڣɫ̱úЩˣǸʲô
㣬ҽͰ鲻ģ
ۺ֮仹ʲô˵ģ
ҡҡͷвɿСͷҲָۣȴǳգգ۾ͯʦȻװġ
ԭǽ׳ǰؾʯշ֮󾭹һӴȴǲˣ㣬𣿡
˵ʵϣЩϲ㣬ϾСʥ嵱ԸͲҶ࿴һۣڸ֮£ʵģܹ֮㱧һʥˮ̶衯δģˣȻһʼͦģ֮ӴȴǾҲͦġϾҲһŮģټݼˣϲҲʵ
˵Ķģ
ʵ
Ȼҿɲϲƭˣ
ͷˣղŽ˵дʲô˼
ʥÿһεʢᣬҲȻбȽΪһĿдȣ
ҲҪμӣ
˵ΪȻҪμӣŽľүүҳϯˣ
ǽ˵¹˭أ
Ϊдȵʱҵĸ׻֣ʱ򣬽϶ᵱ˵аؾʯ飬˽ؾʯ
˵
ʲô㺦Һ̶֮е˵ȥô
ҧŴɰˡ
дȻм죿
죿
õģ죬㣡
˵۾Ҫ̶֮裬ûˣҲûܹ赲ˣ
㻹
ײ
㳯ŷͯ˵СͷȳȥʦҪ̽̽Ȧ飡
ޣ
֮ͯԱǰľ뿪ˡ

ӵУûȥͳҲ֣߻ˣǸѡͳ졣
˵֣׳ʲô飬̶һƲ֣
ߣұŮ˰һ
ȵ
ĸŮˣ˸ˣǴ죬ô
λͳ춼ȵ
Ҳ˵磬˭أʥУ˲ô

ȵǣ
һȣ˶ҿˣ˵磬ôֱùõ֣СĸǽжǴУͲˣ
ʲôǲСʱ˸ùãʥôˣùãҲú˼ģСһǧ꣬Ҫǻڹ磬ҶԵˣ
ŭ


1418 ͻȻ
磬ùõôˣȻǳ
ߴûп߹һҪ֪˺Ϊù飬ֵ÷зⶼȥˣһֱҲû˸ǰ𣬽Ȼô˵˵Ǳ˸֪峤ˣ񻹲Ҫܷ
ԭѾǴͨãҪȡϰؾʯշȴû뵽ȴҪ̣ոʥˮ̶ȻҶ֣
ȵҿʥĴ죬°ͳ죬ʲôһСʱֻޱӵŮ֮Ͷú̥峤ŮʥУ˭
죬¡
ʲôѾһ磬Ƕεˣ˭Ҵ˶У
죬Ǿͷˣ
˵磬˵ѵԸùô
֮󣬱дȣʱ峤϶ҶƴһȻĵؾʯôҲܱǽ
Ҫд֮ϣù÷ѣ
ǷǵҪǰؾʯ˵ϲСӣʥˮ̶еľ϶ߣ飬Ǳϳѣ峤ǻϵǵĵˣ
֣᲻̫ðհ峤ͷùãԸ㣬ǸΣ
ģ峤Ƣֲǲ֪ǰ˽Ǽϣǵ˵棬ô
˵
£ǵͷ죬˵Ĳ峤ӣùȻŮǸɳϵﵱеǺܿܵģ
վڱϣŵȻû뵽ְҪԸңȻͽᣬҪȡϰؾʯշ룬ְֻΪȡܲŻȥʥˮ̶ģҲǰؾʯգǿɱ

ĺܿ죬ʥˮ̶ָٶҲǼ죬ûµʱ򣬻ܺŮ̸̸飬Ȼ˵˵ĵزǵǻûдﵽ
Сٻ˽գѵǱųˣҲһǰǼ飬ϾҲǽһͽû̫ϵ˵ϵҪһܵܣϾͬĸ
Ӱ£ҲǺͬѣҰѱμдȣ죬ʥˮ̶Ҳٶ٣ټĸѾ뻯һ֮ң
ˣָоʵ̫ˣҲżޣҪٰ˰޲ܻεģ벻ֱӾҵ˻εıԵֻҪͻұҲܻΣ
˵
۵ûа취㣬һжֻܿԼ
˵
һ˵㣬û뵽㾹ȻܹΪ棡
Сˣ
ҡͷСɫɫ̨ʱ򣬿ɾȫˣ
ţǽдƣҿ˭ƣ
ȵ
ƽʱʥ嵱бŰ裬ԴΪ죬Ϊһ죬ʥ峤ͼϣһ˷С
ӽҲȽĴӦ˽ʥˮ̶㲻ѿ
дȵĳʥƽʱѵ֮ϣƺƵ⻹ǵһοô޺뼯һطҪ֪ڹ磬ѾǶĴˣȴʥбߣǲҪǮһ
һЩ޳ҲĿ㶼оЩħζ
ʽϣһʥ峤̨ҲĽľһΪˣֱǲһ磬峤ûлʢᣡ
䣡
һƬ
ţдȣһڱΪƴΪƴУҪʥˣǧϵи־Ͳزμˣ̫ƽԵУǰܹз
㣬һεΪƴһܹһöԪöҩҶ˵Ҳ֪ˣΪ
빫
ûһڿڷɼȦĤ֮󣬷Żûվ̨ϣЦҸ˳㡣
λȻźҸûܸ⼸λϣԼλͳ죬վΰʢᣬŲѷɫ٣
˵
²⣬ôùò˵찡Ҫ֪ͳ˧λͳ죬λȨء
վҧأ˼˾Ҫѿߣǣ˭Ц
Ŷ˼ո©˽죬Щսʥ壬ºͣڣʥ壬Բ裡
˵
⻰Ҳ˵ùõˣΪ죬ΪʥϹᣬѣǱ֣ǲֵÿޣ
û뵽˶ģղŹû㣬㵹ɫѿ˵ûȻα
ðɣΪƴʽʼ
˵
һٶʥ˸Žȥһص㣬ｫѡ̨֣Ͼʤ
ȻҲŽȥˣʵٶ˵Уεģټϣλǿ練ơ
̨ϣ˿ҲڽһϵеĻʽܶʥ̨赸ȻҲƳĽĿ
ͻȻվ̨׼ڵʱ̨µˣҲǲҳϾλƹһ֣Уġ
λղμʢҲֻʥˣһԶĿˣҲУ
һ˵
Щʥ˶˭˭
գǶĿ⼯ϣǶɻһεʢᣬʥǰǴδй˲μӹӡ
ʥ嵹Ҳųˣ٣ǿҲûж֮ɫ
㣬ӦýܽԼˣ
˵û뵽йˣƿӡڰ磬ֱ̫Ǿˡ
ǼȻԽΪĪϾʥʢᣬҲûûˡ
ţԣҽ㣬Թ磡
룬Ҫ˵磬ҪϲٹЩ˽ͣɴ˵ǹ磬ϾԼġ
˵Ȼһȣ˰˰
ȥľϣ࿴Ҫ̽ʵȴ޹
־ģ͸ʵ
㣬Ȼ⼸춼ʥУǰʢᣬ㲻Ҳ̨һĿɣҲǿǹĻ
˵
˵ʵϾǰһ֮ˣֻһζѵʲôĿɣ
ԭΪģȴû뵽󲽳̨ȥ˵ãҲþûз質ˣͳһ׹ĸͻȻ㡷ɣ


1419 һ
ͻȻ㣿
̨µ˶ںĸ׻ģ֮Աǣȫ㳪ܺȥҪ֪ɲǹ磬ںڰ磬˸డ
¿ͻȻ
ͻȻĹģ»ͻȻŽʹŲƽϢϢ
㷢ǲɣĿ飬峪ɫȴǼΪ̨Щʥˣһ̣ȫžƺѾоڽŷϵһһ
ͻȻ㣬Ҳֻ֪˭磬Ҷ˼ǣŷܰ
ͻȻ㣬ÿֻί
ͻȻ㣬ͻȻĻ䣬ͻȻģ۾
֣߳оȻɳƣһֽ˹źûиоۿϾȻ˵ˮж᲻ᵯֻδĴ˼̫ŨʱҲһġ
Сٻ޿ռУܹܵĵĲģˣ벻оȻ˷ḻСٻԺһú÷ģ
һˣ̨ѻȸ˶˼У˻˸⾳˿̾ȻҲᡣ

һöٻӰƮȻվԣæΪƴٶ˵ĶλȻ̨ϣպ㳪׸
ڰԹ磬˲ֹһ̨ףĳǻǰڹҹʱ򣬾ǳĺڼ׸⾳ǳľ峪˶ﶼʵҲһ˿覴á
̨µҲŽƣȣ֮ǰ˳Щֱõӣһ㶼ûɸС
վڱϣû취ֹЩǲмҲֱ㳪Ĳá
ľ˵û뵽Сӳ赹ǻͦģ
Ҳͷ
ٳһװ
̨˵
㣬ٳ
˵
ˣֲרҵĸ֣һ׸ѾǼˣ
ҡҡͷ׼̨ȴ˵㣬ȱȥһлҪ˵أ
йأ
Ȼǣ
˵һ۽˵峤ڣҾ˵һߴҰɣʡ峤ڳѹ
ľϺȵҪ˵ʲôô峤ͷˣ
ϣȱ𼱣
˵λ֪Ůˣú£
ǵȻΥµģҪȥն̨ģ
죬˵ǸŮ˭ôôҪѵлû˧ô

˱ʥĹùã
ȵ
ʲôȻǹùãôܣϲ˭ˣ
찡峤֪ˣҪ
㵽˵ʲôŮˣ
ľϺȵҲü
ľϣʥˮ̶ùú㷢飬ضɣˣ§һŨŨ۾ǲϲʲô
ȵλǽʥˮ̶ܹ͹ùһԡĻ᣿ڣùþȻһʥˮ̶ԡ룬Ѿ˵˰ɣ
ùãôʥˮ̶ʥʥأҪȥǼѣǸˣȻܺ͹ùһԡ
ǾȻһ𣡡

ľ˵Ŀģ
һϿľ
ľջǵͷ㵹ıһ𣬵Ⲣ˵ϲ㣡
ƣ
Ǽλ϶ҡͷ㵱ʱôɱˣ飬ȥаô峤ˣôĲ峤û˵£峤ˣ֪Ǵң
Ǽλ϶֧Ҳϲ뵽ˣҪ̰ؾʯҾóѡ
ʲô˵ô
һλʵ
ֻý̫УĬ˵㣡
ʲô˼
ԣ峤ûκʵݵͰԼƶϣǿϣⲻʲô
˵ѵʥŮˣӵôοҵʱȷʵںʿ裡
ƨ˵ʱǲĲһ飬裬ֻǵĽڰˣ㣬飬ȥҿҪƱ磡
ʱں裬ֵΣ
ȵ
ߣ裬͵Ҹո˵Ļƨǲ裬ֵΣ
Σ°ҽʥ壬ҲԹ޻ڣ
ã˵ģô˶
˵
ǼȰ㲻Ҫ˵ôصĻ֪˹ģ¶ûһϵ
ȴҡͷ㣬֧ô
Ȼ
΢Ц
ʿ裬ʵõģȻǶľʿ֣ҪȺ⺺ǰ¶֣ɵĺܣָշڽ֫ϣ̨±ǴһʥĹ
㣬ʲôŲɱ㣡
ľȵ
ľүүͿ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ
㲢û˵Ŀ⣬Žžʿ裬ҲǴһʼıģתΪƽͣʥҲûлˣǸղҲ̨չʾҪ̨ʿ赸Ƚϣǿνǵع칬ľˡ
赸Ҵûпôÿ赸
˶С
ľ˵Ҿ˵ûʲôɣǿ赸ÿЦҲ
˵֣ǻأô죿
ߣģôܣ
ͲǰһУ㳪ôѾ֮ˣȴ벻趼ôѵ統еˣô̬Ҫܳ裿
죬֪ոյĻжô޴˰ɣ
˵
ߣ˭֪ǲ⼸촮ͨ˵ģ
ȵ
̨µ˶׷ҡͷȻЩ֣ž˲˰ǵôʥˡ
˵ͺͷƨһ㲻ᣡ
˵
Сӣ˵ʲô˵˭˵ͷƨһ

ոյ˭˵ģǱۺʿո˵ĻǷƨһţ˶֤仰ɣ
Ц
̨˵ı飬оȻЩӣҪ֪ǰֻУָоʧ䵽㣬Ҫ֪һԴˣܵȵ㣬Ҫ˺㣡
һûΣһɫڰ֮У۵ɵĺܴ󣬿㣬һӡ
ľҪֹȴǱֹ˵ʵҲ
ȵ֪֪ʥˣ㣿
ҽΪʥ죬ͳ˧齫ʿѵնɱ˵Ȩûô
ȵ˫צ֮УЩȫ㡣


1420 
弶սʵǷȫһһǶ֣ҲʵŰ㵲һȴû뵽ȴһ΢΢𿪣лϹ⣬ЩϹֱӺײ
һ죬Žػһʥˡ
һ㾹Ȼ̨ϣ˿ȥ½Уûзʲô
Ҫ֪ʥŵϺŵĸ֣ղһҲǿУͲһˣܹܵ˵ģ㾹Ȼܹ
ҲǼΪȣû뵽ܹȫ½һĵԼУҪǿ١
ܣѵ弶սʵ
ɡ
弶սʵʲô
Цڵع֮У˰ؾʯһ죬һսʵֱӿսĽ׶Σ󣬸һֻʵޱǿĵؾ֮꣬ڼϣ⼸ʥˮ̶ǱʵѷԾ
弶սʵûпС
֣Ǿ޴ҪȥǴ˿̣ľȴǻһֱ赲ס˽񣬡񣬽аʢᣬͲܰһô
ȻûΣϵӣòߵ㣬ȵʢڣ
۵ţ
˵̨ȥͯ˵ʦװƣ
װãȥ

ʱΪƴǱߵĽҲȻ˵ǿѡѾˣҲʢᣬʵĲˣ
̨µʵϲû̫оΪѾʢľʲֹȥˣҪ֪ĸ赸Լһ´ľޣǵ顣
ǵðǿʢÿˡ
ǿԾ˱̨Ͼ
ǿܶΪ⼤ҵľֳƿ죬ΣȴǾЩȻζˡ
翴ͽսŹ񫡣
ѡֶԾ֮˶ֱһǲ𺳵˶䡣
ѣ
һֻ˳òȻªϣȴһֲ顣
ʥˣѶһȡ
ЩСıߵˣ֣˭Уû˵أ
峤˽ӣǸѣǰʥλ
峤˽ӡ
λҲǿѣһȵҰ֣Ȼӹˣǲ˼飬һģ
˴һģΣ
Ѻȵˣ꣬ǰȥ÷ӡʯлΪޣӶֻصڰ硣
еһУǵãǰһĿҪȥ˵ǵ
㣡㾹ȻΪޣ֪֪ܣʥǡˣɲʥģͱϳʥˣ
˵ôܹμΪƴʲôʸ񣿡
ôӣκ֣Ҹ˵ʲôôһڳϣ˭ֻܺҹùã
ֻĹùý𻪳ɰˣΪȻҪʥ弸˺ùãƾ㣬Ҳ֪֪Ұ콫ʿЩΪ˶ǵУв˵үүУڣ
ס죡
ľȵĻʵЩ̫ˣǸĻ㶯ͷ㣡
ϣ
Ǹ
ľϲ
֣ϽǸȻĻ룡
ùãո˵ˣ
ҧ˵ģҪգΪܹٽһܹЩϣ峤һ죬϶ֻɱ˽ľģͷӣκԡ
ˣҵǲƽϣ
˵ѱʥһԱǰᣬͲ磬Ӧúú÷˼˼ǵĹʲôʲôҪҪŵ磿
˶˼
ù˵ĵǶ԰ѵʱֻǸӣΪ˽Ҳܾ飬ʲôأ
ȴһȣùãѵĴѵ峤ĴɣҪ֪峤Ͳ֪ĸŮ֣
֣
֣˵üأƵģҲţ˿̵жôķŭжôĲȡ
Ĳ֣
һлڽϣȻûһ˿ӦЦƾζתΪҲɱҲɣ
λ˵ϣǰ飬Ҳĺܣѱͱ峤ʥ壬ڻμΪƴЦ
Ǽλ϶ڿǣҲ˵ѵ㸸ʥĿãǻȻˣȻʥˣͲܲμΪƴ
үүôأǰ飬Ŀ֮ܲԩҲʲôϵ
㣡
λҲ֪Ǻá
źѶԾʹʹɫǽ֮µһʿҲǻ⣬˵ùãҿɲһֱԣҵݣ
֣ȫҶ֣
ѺȵȻһԾӴֱˣ⻹ûпѾȻ֣лצǸոܹεսʿûηѡ
Ҳûгֹ뿴ôģϾѵʵȻǲԷġ
ͯ˵ʦôæ

˵Ŀǰʵھ۷壬ܲͻƣֻԼ
𣡡
һԷȻеӣҲǷĳȥҪ֪һսѼΪҪҲһ
̨ϻе֣һսһٺôġ
һֱԷѹƣϾһ磬һҲǿķǳˬˮƽμΪƴΣ

ѵӱԷݺѹסĶߴˣҧҲҰҧ

˵ȷҧˣһҧȥѸоڲƺһµӿ
ͻĸܡ
̼
ģİ
˺ȵ
Ҳ֮ԱǣΪѻʲôʤ㡣

ϻһǿ⣬ǿ⣬ֱӰѶԷ𿪣ϻŹâ󣬾޴ξȻڻ仯
ǡҪô
ȡ
ʧһӰǰ㿴ӰͻȻ̲סЦ˳СɫɫûˣȻȻǸӣ
̨ϵʧ֮󣬳ֵ˵ȷһӣҺֺ֡
ѵһλˣ˿Լ˫ۣ˫ȣԼģһΪ˧ģû뵽ȻǸӣ


1421 ǽ
ڵѿȥͺڹ翴һӰߡлʹⵯսĶγҩһֱķ棬ͯԱƲ죬⼸쿴ʥˮ̶ʥˮ֪ôˣ
ѻΣҲʹ˶֮ѵʵǳɱأⳡ¹˭֣Ԥϡ
֪Сٻϲϲֽ
ЩգȻԼֵġ
ûΣҲҪ㣡
Էȵ
һѴ󴸣մ󴸣ֱӳȥ
䣡
ͣѱޱȣ󴸸ͲǶԷԵֵ˵ģ󣬶ԷҵǱҪܵش
ˣˣ
ҡͷģ
оʵ̫˳ˣԭǴ̨ϣҷͽĶУȴ뵽˻⣬֮Ҫش㣬ȴǱֵѣǰĶԹȻڽ֣ѻ̨Ӯˡ
ýǶˡ
죬ոտ˵ľѲμΪƴҲӮˣأô˿ǿ
ߣֻǽҰˣ
˵ȫӮôҾͲţһ֣ܻõһɣ
Ҿͻõһ㿴
Ѻȵ
ҲûֹϾҲǰʥ壬ȷЩףǶﶼЩΡ
ĺܿ죬ȻԤ֮⣬ȫӮˡ
̨׶ѵıʵ̫ˣǶΪѸж
죬֪㻹ʲô˵
˵
վԣо˫ȷû뵽ܱģҲδһſĸ˵į
ǽȻįȫȴȻɢſ֮䣬Ѿ϶Ѿе֣Ҳ϶ǰѱǱϳʥ塣
Ǹ֣
ӮȻ֣
ϣ֣ɱ
ȵ
ɱ
λ϶ȣľϸ˵Ѿ֣ҲֲɱοҲͲ
ֹѣ㣬Ҳ
˵
վ̨£ЦǷ˷裡
˵һ䣬Ųţ̶棿
ľ˵
ߣ붯ңɣ
һţһ˳̧ͷһһƵĻɱ¾ĳ⻭֮ɢŽɫâǹ
֮սĲоഫһΪ߸оÿһоź˵߸о϶Ϊһ¿֮ս紩ʱգ
ľ˵
оǴ
ݹܣ֮սĲо֣ƾǣҶ棬ǿЦ
ȵоʵһַʱһɽ֮зֵģԸȻϱ峤ǲΪԺõģҲ벻ȻƵİоǰʹóˡ
췴ɣ񣡡
췴췴峤ڣڣво֣ҺΣЩºͣȴȻҪѾͷΪùãӲӾ췴ˣ
ȵ
ĶӽҪȰȴǱһ߷ɣģʱӶң
ͳ˧սʿҲ˵Ƕŵֵܣչʥ壬ҪͷˣֻҪǸңҲǵģ
Щ˶ĬȻǲҳ
λͳ˧ҲͷȻͽǱΪ顣
Ȼң
еһǰ֮ƯŵĲо֮ɢž޴ââ֮£񷽲ŵǵǿֱɱͳ˧
ͳ˧ոεͳ˧ԼǰŵѪɫ죬ǲҷ㣡ң
ߣ˭ңɱ˭
ȵ
Ƿɱͳ˧Ҫ̨ϣ
ľ˵лûһâ񣬽ľ⼸λ϶ذ˼սĴڣȽǿȼƽʱľһУذܣոջâȴǱƽ⡣
֮սĲоֻҪоŽ㱻Ŵ
֪жôЦô
Цһϰɣʡ鷳
Ǽ϶֣ȴֵһУƽ⣬ǵ
żˣҲǾȲѣ֣ȴǱסһȻ㣬ҡҡͷǲоȥ޷
ҲܿŽɱ䰡
˵
ǽͽվһ飬мҽҪɱǣ
ɱɣɱɣֻǽоʵˣǲоʧҿ㻹ôţ
㵭˵
Сӣ˵ʲô
㱾ʵİ취ֲǲ֪õҶ˵ô
Ц
˵ǰؾʯ
˫۶ð콻㲻
û⣡
ѵؾʯ˳ȵΪһôɵؾʯ˸գͳǱؾʯɱңȥյؾʯȻ
㲻Ҫؾʯô۱
㻹ûеȽӦ㿪ʼյؾʯ
ˣܹؾʯ棬һԴԴϵ͵ڣ˿̵㣬ʵ϶ǽһġ
Ҫ֪˵û֮ôţܹܼϵ֣ȫΪоıûеõ춥Ųо·ԣҪǿ󣬻Ҫ
ؾʯĽݾ
ֻҪؾʯôҪоҲܺˡ
һյĵؾʯץУûа취ؾʯľݣž޴ΣգҲʧȥ
һҪؾʯ
ȵץڵؾʯ֮ϣʯ˸ŶǹâЩâ֮ǰ㿴Ĳͬһֵֺζ
Щâɢ֮嶼Щ𶯡
㣬û°ɣѵؾʯգʵǿˣǸΣ
ؾʯһղ˵ģ
˵ԼˣһҪһ

Ȼ
ؾʯ޾ѹһ˵ҲҪˣֲ̫ˣȻҪռҵ壡
ʲôҪռ壿
˵꣬ǸоһѾ׷ֻһע壬ͻȻһǰؾʯȻֱӱȫˡ
㣬㲻˵ղǵؾʯôôȫˣ
˵
˲ǽ񣡡
˵
ǽôܣ
ҡͷҲǳɻǽôܲǽأ
㣬ܴҵȷǽǱյĵؾ֮꣡
ͷ򣬡ҵû뵽ȻԸʥϣ壬ޱǿ󣡡


1422 ʥ峤
㾹ȻԴӱڰȥߣ
ȵ
㣬ȷǿ˼£һˣңұضܹɻıȻңҵĻȴɢѪҺУֻҪյؾʯҾܹܵȥ
ؾ֮˵
֮ǰͳ죬Ϊβȥ
ͳʵսңҸ󣬿¶Ҫ⵽ǵĶ֣屾Ѿﵽ弶սҸո˰ؾʯʵѾͻսȼߺߣû˿赲ˣ
㵹û뵽ؾ֮걻ˣȻܴɼؾʯж
㵽Ҫʲô
Ҳܹӵؾ֮ϸܵ޴Ѿ㱾
ʲôʥ岻Ѿôõʥ峤
ؾ֮ˣû뵽뷨
ǧ󣬵ؾʯֻ³ɣʱٰǿؾʯգڰϣܹԿˣ
Ҳż¿νǺİ˻£ԭǰؾʯýգԱģȴû뵽ؾ֮꣬Ȼؾ֮ʵʱܶԸġ
㣬ڵع֮նңҵߣΣҶȻҪɱ㣡
ɱ˱ۣ
ҡҡͷȻĿǰʵܲ˳սȼĵؾ֮꣬ǲ֮ǾȻᱻԷɱġ
ؾ֮һлĽ綼飬㣬㣬ô죿ҪҸͺˣһܹնɱ
ֻ峤˲ܶԸ
峤ˣ
ؾ֮üͷһ壬һ⵶⾹Ȼֱնɱһϡ
찡
ʥһϱؾ֮նɱ
ʵʹ̨վŵʥȫĩһ㣡
ľ˵Ҫռʥ壿ֱΣǵˣŷģ
ߣô
ؾ֮Ҫɱľ˿̣⣬ȴһӴ
ҲֱӾ½ľϡ
֣

һɫңԶʷ֮ǰľҪ׳٣ѿоȻˮ϶нɳӣ
Σһ˳֣ķǳ
ʥ峤ŵŵʬ壬ȫţϷںԶѾܵ칬еľȴû뵽㾹Ȼɱ˳ϣ㲻ǻʥӡһô
֣Ѿˣǵؾ֮꣬˰ؾʯ
˵
ͷ֪ղ̨ϷһУ֪£ؾ֮꣬ĵˡ
϶ʥ峤Ҳˣ
ؾ֮Ц
ߣ
һ˳ȥǵؾ֮һЦһ絲£϶ҶʥףҵҪ֮ϣɱң
˵ɱ֣ðɱ⣬ոջԭص壬Ȼһգ۵ĹѾ˽һҪнȴҲǱ㿪
ʥףԽսȼĴڣ
һµ
ʥףڽǿ͵ؾ֮꣬Χ磬Щз磬ҲٶȵĽ磬ؾ֮Ҳû˵ʵǱҪһЩҲڣȫûлᡣ
ʥϾƣȻǿ
ҰҪʹˣǵؾ֮꣬һᱻɱ
˵
ҲվԣֵӣողûбϳϾѾˣδϲ
˵ǵؾ֮ޱǿҿְֵҲδܹɱ
ڵ֣һ޴ӰڽܣǳԽ޵ľʥ嵱УΨһһʥޡ
ʩչʱ칬ͬһ㣬ˣһǿιǵؾ֮ϳּأȻվԭأûη塣
ͷؾ֮꣬ʥޱǿ֮Ҫ٣ֱӻҲǴʥ˵ȫϣ
ǶҪ峤ɱߣ
Ҫ֪ߣǶɱһϣ
ϣʥһֻˣÿһ˶Ϊ
㿴ǵؾ֮ʩչĽؾ֮ҲǷ˲þŵֵס
¡
˵ʩչķ綼顣
³һѪԣܵķɡ
ߣ϶˵㲻УҪӲţ
ؾ֮ȵԵ˷
֣û°ɣ
ҡҡͷ
һϹ⣬ڽϣոܵ괴Ҳԭ
һ㣬Сӣл
ҡҡͷؾ֮ؾ죬ǰ¾ʵϱʥҪǿϲ٣ؾʯ͵ؾ֮϶Ϊһʹõؾ֮ޱǿ󣡽ƾһ֮Ǽɱ
а취
˵
㣬ƾ㣬ѵҲ϶ɱô
ԱĿǰΪһ
֮սĲооڿУ׭о
оɢĹâȷŽʩչĻҪ٣
󷨣㾫ͨĺܣоʹֻ΢һ
оʹҲ˷㣬Ǵ
˲оΪܹԸôߣ
ؾ֮ȵ
֮սĲоڰ֮һâʹý类գʥˣһ̣ȫĤݽ
Ȼһ̣һД
ǿ
૵
㻹֣
ȵ
ƾŽǾ޷ܵؾ֮ģҵؾ֮ƻ꣬Ǳѣ롣
⸱оȴܹӳֽɱ
⸱оһܰѵؾ֮ݻ١
ʥٴȼϣ
ʩչһӰƾճ֣ðɱͣڿš
ɱ
Ƴ
˫⣬˳ȥڲоĹâ֮£쳣ǿ
㶼΢΢ⷨ൱ڰһ˵˲ǿ˺ü
ʵѹָղŽܹǰҫ
ӳֵ֮ϣǿ󣬾ͺñҪݻ칬һ㣡
ؾ֮ڿǵʱѾŵñΣΧµĽȫݻ٣
ôܣǲģ
ؾ֮ĿڱǹӴʴû뵽ûеһʱ䣬Ҫɱ
һּ޵Ŀ־壡
͵ΪԼҪɱʱһǿȴǳԣϤĺܣ㣡


1423 ٴ
ؾ֮걻ڣȻϤĺڵȴǲΪʲôһ̳֣ѵԼɣ
㣬㲻Ҫɣ
Ưڵؾ֮Ե졣
ʦŹ֣
ͯ˵
ȷܻȵؾ֮꣬ؾ֮ؾʯô׵ڽҪɱؾ֮ʱҲǳŵؾ֣֮Ҫմ˿̵ؾ֮ȫ
㣡
ؾ֮Ȼûϵ㾹ȻҪ屻ҲȫȻֲһ˿ȥԿ㣬ֻоԼˣȫҪڡ
û˵ؾʯؾ֮ǾԻȫںϣûܳĻᡣ

һȣؾ֮ȫʧ
˻ӣŲ̛ϣ˿̵Ҳ˻ǵؾ֮걻ˣ
ͷԭѾˣû뵽ؾʯеħȻܹٴٻ
оȣˣȻܹ괴ˣҲηǿ󣬶ȥյؾ֮꣬ǲ׻һ˵ϡ
ؾ֮걻ɹգҲǸоʵķǣҪ֪ؾ֮ԭ͸ڽϣ˰ؾʯʵﵽڰʥףʵϱȵǰؾʯõҪϲ١
϶Ž˵峤Һϻˣ룡
ͷľϣﵽ׷ʲô飿
ľϱһһʮİѽѱ˵˳ȻţȻѱ䣬ߣͳ˧սʿ㣿뵱峤ô
ҪǰҵŮ
ĿѣԲģЩȣղŽľȻҲǰѳֵ˵һ顣
ѲԽĿ⣬Ҳǳˣӣǲǻң
ûʸҸף
˵أûжٵʵϣҲֻܸܵһʱϾȥˣû˻Լĸס
˵Ķԣҵȷûʸĸףи׻ԼӣʹʱѹҲϾҵĶӣ
˵Ҳ䵱ĸף
˵֣㲻Ҫ˵ʱŵ峤ûãҪǲĻ϶ᱻ˸̨ģҲȫ㣡
Ȼ飬Ů֪ûһҹܹ˯õģζѼ棡
λҲͷ峤Ѿȥ꣬Ǽ飬Ҳϣʱȷʵûпȫʹ˽ӣϾĺӣƳʥ壬ȷʵĲԣ
̨µʥҲ˵峤Ƕ֪ˣʱӦñʹѣ꣬ѹŵûм˵ڹһĺʹ࣡
ѣԸ»صʥô
ľ˵
ûпڣĿͶ㣬Ѿ˵ˣܱøǿ󣡡
Ҳǵͷ㣬ָм򿪺ڰ֮Żصڰ磬ûлѡ
˵ڹ磬˼ĺĲҪؼʥϾļңԺɣ
ˣҪ𣿡
᲻Сٻô۱Ҳ
˵һ֣߳Сٻ
޿ռãѶǰų죬Сٻͽõ̶Ҫ
Сٻһ֣üͷһ壬ǵСߣ
Сٻֻ칬͵㵤ҩȴǱʥץЩ
Сٻߵ
ߣŮ֮ʥĹ㣿
˵
һǴǰɱˣСٻһϢǵӴܣ˭֪ȴǱǬУ˶ĥ
Сٻ˵Ҫˣ
Լȣ
ҡͷ
Сٻ˵СٻڵǲǺʥˣϾѾҵ氮
氮
һȫ
˵˵氮ǡ
㣬麹ֱð
аСٻ֪Ҳϲˣҵģ
Сٻ˵ȫʥʥĹˣͲ½һаˣ
ͯ΢΢ҡͷʦɥ
ü˭ϲˣҿ˵ģ
㱣ټ죬Ȼǲϲ顣
ˣļҵĹӣ
˵
ҡҡͷʱٸ
Сٻ˵ʮа˾žҼˣ
˵Ϊ˭ϵô˭ϲͲϡˣ
˵
Цû뵽龹Ȼ仯ô죬ȻìͷѾתԼҲһ
˵ɶǵ黹ûأȱ˰ɣ
һȥ
Сٻͽͬʱ˵
˵СٻۺͽС㣬ʵǴϵҲ˺֮ĹϵͲҪôҸеѿˣ
ˣҲϲ꾫ǲǣ
Сٻкᡣ
㣬˵˭꾫أ
ô󣬻ûкŮ˳ܣ벻ȻŮɺ꾫
㣬ʥˮ̶Ҫ㹴Ҽˣ裡
˰ѳֲס
ˣ
˵۸ոǵؾ֮꣬оȫƣǵؾ֮ķ֮ǲҪˣ
ˣû°ɣ
ҡҡͷϢƬ̾ͻõġ
ʵûа⣬Ҳ벻ŮҪİ취ܸܲհСٻų޿ռɣ
Χ˰ڶ̫ô£˵㣬ȻȥϢɣ㣡
ͷϽСٻͷͯˡ
Ҳ֪ø˭ȴ˵ûˣѵͲְ˵˵𣿡
ҲûŽȥˡ
סӣΧһжǷǳϤǵýСʱĳĿ
ôʼСʱˣ
ţʱãֻǡ
΢΢ҡͷҲԸ˵
֪ڹĿʹЩ꣬Ҳһֱƿڰ͹ķӡ֮
㣿
Ѿȡ
ֻǺѣĺѣД޷ӣ꣬ίˣ
оȻ⡣
֣㲻Ҫ㵱ʱʹ࣬Ҳû㣬˺ңѡˣҲûκδ󣡡
˵ã˰Ҵغڰ磬˸ңǰӵżǿֻشڻָΪڰĿģǻָΪƿڰ͹Ľȥ
Ҫȥ
ڸǲסʧ䡣


1424 
㻹ϲ㣿
ʵвû֮ɫҪ֪˱ˣ϶Ǿ̬ȣȴˡ
Ķ֣ˣôȥϲأ
Щ糺죬ʵͲЩƲסǸʲô˼һѵ̸ɣ
ҪϲְҲûʲôӴʵֲһܹģοѵˣ
Ҳ˵ǸˣҪϧ
ϧʲô㻹׷Ǹ
˵
룬صô㶼ܿ
ҡҡͷְѾ˵ˣôҪģܲϣеǧ﹫һˣ
֣˵ʲôأзִ磡
֣ҲǵģСٻôõһﰡõűô
һͬ뿪ӣԭأôӰϲ㣬ϲϲ㣬Ƕϵ
Сٻ˼οΣͯһÿֱЦʦǸܵ޽Ҳ亦
㶮ƨ
˵СٻҸոյ˼ô
ˣ
˵˵
ҪҪң
ˣô˵˵أѾаŵˣ磬ڹ綼УҲܰңֻҵޣҺǴڴϣֻһʱ嶯ǲǰ飡ǸùҵԼİġ㶮𣿡
Ҿϲ㣬һ飡
Сٻ˵
žһ죬űƿһȻҲˣںڳһεģȻҪһһŮ֮
ͯ˵ʦͷ
ҲһЦ˭֪ȴǿһСٻᣬ㣬ҪҪҴ칬Ĵ䰡
ǺǺǺǺǣ
ЦЩľȻ
˲ߵģɣ
Сٻ˵
ҲãñҪǵؾ֮
ͷѣҸ㶨Сٻ
߳ſڵʱСٻһߣר˵ĺ꾫
ȴǻͷһЦҽºһСô
㣡ڳˣ
Сٻ˵
㣡
ȥˡ
СٻʵҲڶŵģЩӷ˵㣬ˡ
ȥ

ţǾö徻˲٣ڹ統У飬ʵû뵽ڰУȻǽЩա
㣬ôʲô
׷ĽŲ
˵㲻˵Ҫȥģ
칬Уһȡ羰续ԴҴȥ
Ȼֱ֣Ҳûоܾ͸ˡ
˵вûκ֮ɽ֮䣬ɫֻһ㣬Ųţ㲻ʵ˵Դ
֪ˣ
һֱǰߣԽеľɫԽͬһļı仯ȻУûһΣһڡ
ɣǹеļɫǱ߻ܶѩأ
ǿѩѩ˹ȥ㿴С椻ģҲЦȫȻһʥĹ
Ҳˣǰùþ;ˣ
ǵһùã
˵
ˣΪ˾Ҷģ
˵ùг˸ףڶִʥ׵ľһһץңùöһǰȥңƴɣŰҾȻ
ˣ
ͷж޷鵽Ǹ˵٣ȴ֪óýĽâʱùõǿ֣
ȵһͨ
岿䣡
ͨȥ͵˻壿
ҲЩȡ
Ȼ岿ʥã칬סŵĻ岿䣬ȴֻһСֻˣ
أ
Ǳаħţʲôطȴ˿֪
Ȼ飿
⡣
˵һվҪȥ壿

㻹Ҫƿڰ͹ķӡҪȥ
ͷֹǹ磬ҲǸ㣬ҵԴôҵİˣҵˣ
ˣˣ
ȣϲˣ
ϲǲͬģҲϲ㣬ֻǾϲ㻹û̸һεĻͻ׵ģ
룬ʲôʱڰ綼ҪʹһдʦҪҪϸ壬ϵѪ⣬ʥжϼ죬ľŮúڴ̸̸
㣬֪֪Ȼһ֣
ҡͷ
˹ȣ

㣬ҡ
ߣҧֲ֪ô˵ˣϲģȴδס
ݣ
üͷһ壬ǰߣ
ϲ㰡ϲ㰡㲻Ҫȥòðʥòð
۾˵˵֮󣬸оôûӦ۾Ѳǰ˶ţô˼ҵĵһαװ
㵹ûıףҲܲµ˵ʲôϾһŮǰֵ˺ߣҸ˹ȵʱΪֻô
㱳һ壬ھȻһ
һ⾹Ȼǵ
ǰǸˣɫâЦǣ㻹ҳԼڵǻôҪ֪ǿǴǻӳȥģǸͲл壡
аħסǵˣ˵仰Ͳŭô
ʲôҸ㣬칬Ϊ̽ʵߺߣ峤ѾȲɲˣ
ɣǧǰĶԹҲǸúúˣ
㿴˿ʼǵʵڶ߼սңĶ֣սʵ
˽սȻ·硣
һϣ̱ڵأǼվԣҲǾϲ֣û뵽Ȼ㣬Ҫȥ칬㣡
ǾϲҲǷ˿̵ǰҪٱҪ֪һսĸ֣㣬ȴ׽ˣʱ䣬˶Ϊ졣
֣˱һ֧ˣ
ʵ
ʲôһ֧ޣǸǻˣ
ڵϵҵû뵽ǣ㾹Ȼ˵İ֣ߣΪһֱ칬ǻͲô
óһ죡
һ˹ȥ˿̽ҲƮȻǼҲǼΪȣʥĹҲֻǰһ棬ʥˮ̶ˣһֱʥˮ̶궼ȴû뵽˿̾Ȼվߣǽƺ㻹мֺøС
ѵ⼸û壬ΪʥĹ


1425 
Ȼιʥ幫еɻȴҲǲû̫⣬Ͼ̫ˣڵعеı֣Ͳѿ
ǲʶǺˣվԣûпڡ
ﱻһƣʹۣƿڴһ뵽Ǽ̬ʵŵòҳˡ
ʵ֣ôȣ
䣡
㵭˵
ǿ˿˵ȿֽ˹ȣ㵹ǻҵط䰡
Ц֮ǰŴӽ֪ǽ˹ȵģǷǸɢһء
С΢죬㿴ʲôֻǡ·㣬ҵѣ
˵
ĽͣЩʱֻҪѾ˽⵽ʲô״ˡ
֣вС鷳أ
˵
ǵͷǴ̽һʵģ²úЩ˱Ҫɱˣ
شȴҡҡͷǣʵϣҲǸϳˣ
ƭ
ǺȵǱǸϳոջɱ֮ģ
ΪҪأڣ޼ҿɹ飬ΪҪɱ㣿
˵
Ϊλ
Ҳ֪ҸڱǸϳҸףһ˭
ʹ࣬Ҷ˵ģǲɱң
ҴУ㸸׻᲻㣬һ
˵㣬ȣȥһ˻ɣ
㿴˿˵ҸҲȥ峤үү
Ҳȥ
㸸ǵô죿
ģʥӡҲҵģ
˵
ǵͷʥ屾칬ã˵²˳٣λ
ȣ㿴ߵĲѾнˣܿһ󷨣Ӧǿŵһ󷨡
ҸոߵҲסţߴһᱻҧ
ɣ
˵ϴҸ嶼ûôֲ
㸸еȻҪرհ
ֳűϻһѸ߰Ӱǵطȥ飬涼һСʮ㡣
𾪣㣬Ļ߷ҪҧҲɣ
ߣĸףȣ
꣬˱ǸһƬɭ֣Ƭɭַǳ׳ۣǰݣЩҲǼΪÿ˵ϲıǻˣס棬һģ
ȴǿЩݵһЩŵˣȣЩȫɼߣ⼸Ҳһ󷨣˵ҹеһݣܵơ
㿪ʼЩڴˣЩ󷨺棬׺Ļ壬ûйϵأ
飡
һײ̧ͷһһֻ˳ͻɭдֱܳײһݣݵ׵˸ֱӰͻ
ΧȺǹЦŴ壬Ϳ˷ƵģЩ죬Ϯй涨ֻҪ˭ɱޣЩޱ˭ӵУĽأ
ֻһֻͻˣϴײһֻҰ¹Ҷûгֻ꣬ͻǾͶȥɣ
Ŵ壬ͻƵҩƤ£Ҳð
ȥɣһҪƵҩƤ¸ʲôأ
ŴԳΡ
˶ͷǶͻߣҪ֪һͷͻĹͷƳҩģ쳣ЧëƤܹƳɵǹƤ¡
Ŵʧ䣬һǿ鱻ͻײϵĵطǻԭ󷨣Ļ´ײط󷨵Ļˡ
Ҫ߽ӣȴںŴ壡
ǣ
Ҳǻͷ
֣
վЩҲЩΡ
ͽվڱϣж㣬ȴڹעƬɭֵһЩ󷨡
Ŵ忴ҲǾϲȻסһȵ㻹һ
֣֪ˣҲұѻˣҪǣҰһ˶ȥˣ֣ԭ𣿡
˵
˵ҪԶף
ŴͷȻźݺݹϡ
򿪴ţȴǱһǿⵯɣ˵ֲǲ֪󷨣ˣ˭ܴ򿪣
ǲŴĶôǸͽȻֻˣ
һʮʮ٣
ܿ죬Ϣ嶼Ѿ֪ˡ
˶ΧŴ⡣
ԭұܱܣɧңȴһֱŴǰҪŴԭ¡
軹һݣ
и˺ȵҸ׾ǱЩɱģ㣬ҽҪնɱ㣡
γҪնȥȴǱֹҪҪ峤жᣬɱˣ㷸棡
棬ҲһҲǿＤ棬𳤽߷˵Ŵ壬㻹ʰʰͽӣ
Ȼûа㶯
֣ѵҪſԭ𣿡
˵
˵꣬һĵ𾪣Ŵ徹ȻֱӰĵϵˡ
Ҳ˵˿̵ѾΪһͨˣ
ͣ
Ѫ֣ҵĵѾˣǰҲΪҪÿΪİ취ŻΪͽ޷棬㻹ԭң
˶Щ㶣ոսҪնɱҲ˵ˣ㵤ﶼˣԺһˣҲĳͷ
ҡҡͷǰˡ
˵úݣԼӵĵﶼֻˣ
ȴ˵Ǻɸ֣ٵĵʵŴĲʹһӣأ
Ŵ壬ͿŰɣﵤﱻ٣峤Ҳٹˣ
˶
꣡
ڴ򿪣Ŵ߳ȻʹģǶԴˣȻĺƫƫĶӣһͽӡ
ո˶ľģŰĵٵ
֣ڳˣϼˣ
ҿԺ󻹸ұѻ壡
Ŵȵ
֣ҶˣҲѾˣԺֻУٲ뷨
ҡͷ
Ŵͷȥ峤
Ŵȥ峤ʱȻûжȤϾǱ˵ļ£֣λȥ٪סĵطнеһƬЩȻȲǧĵؾʯȴҲĿݰ취
ִ·ǣ
˵
ûʲôֻҪˡ
ûãȴǾЩԾˣǰһƬ٣ʶȴûм⵽ʲô
ƬƫƧˣǾס٪ôôûж
˸ϵǱ㺰ô᣿ôôôʬ壡


1426 ʥ֮
żʮʬ壬Щʬ嶼٪ˣĿȫǣʮҡ
Ҫ֪ǲŸ⻪жӲãȴû뵽⵽ɱ֡
ȫˣ
˵
һڣ
лһϹ⣬ǵϹһ٪ϣûã٪ǿһڻ˹
ˣ
˵
ǸϽ٪壬٪̧ͷ˿Χʬ壬ŵɫҵ˹ȥкᣬôû죬Ҫˣ
ﵽ׷ʲô飿
ʵ
һƬһƬ
Ǹ٪սսпնһֱšһƬ
ʲôһƬ
һƬɱǣ
ʶţȴûκνЩ˱һƬɱ
˵ΧҲ󷨱Ȼ˿ɱǣУ¶һҪȸ峤˶Σգ
Ȱ٪һݵУЩɻ˵λ٪ѣ٪ڿɱˣֻʣڣ
ģһչ˺
ǵͷ֣ǻصݣ峤

ݡ
һŲɣɵݣܴܿ
˵ʲôѪ徹ȻҪԾѪǵ壿Ǳߵˣˣ
峤ǹӣҶʼǰڵĻˣѪЩˣͲǵ˿ǰΧȫռˣеˣѪΪ
֮վŲˣŴС
˳ÿ쳣ü֮ɢ˿ȥ̫ϣǻ峤طɣƣЩаħȻͨ˶Ź
Ѫ壬ǵֻڲףѪ壬ںطɵУҲаħ
ãȺѪҪԾѪҵʱǡѣĻڿ¶Ѿˣ
˵
طɵͷ
Ŵ˵Ѫ嵽Ҫʲô
֣ǵĿĺܷҪڰˣɺһѪΪ
˵
Ѫ壬˼壬ѪҺ壬ڹŷ޴˵еѪ
ҪڰˣǵҰ󣡡
طüͷ˼ǧ
峤ڰ統УЩаħҲһܴĿģοź͵ŵģޱӴҪɹ͸ˣ
Ŵ˵
֣Ѫ嵱пӵДڵĸˣңһĿ꣬칬
ǾҪ칬
Ŵ循ȡ
Ѿˣ
ݵֽˣǣͽ
Ǿ仰˵طɣҲǹ峤ǰ㣬λҲʶ
үүã
˵
ôǻˣ
ط˵λ㣬ҵЩˣ
طɿͽ˷ЦȻǲ˵ĹϵȴЩǺͽЩˣȴֱطᡣ
ǣոǾ仰ʲô˼ʲôˣ
Ŵ˵
峤ԭ峤סŵ٪壬ȫɱˣ
˵
ʲôܣ˽ǻ壬ҵ֪ܲģοƬɭֲ󷨣ô׽
Ѫǿ󣡡
˵־һ٪壬˵ʱֻһƬƬɱǣ
һƬ
峤ط˵Ѫط
峤ô˵
һѪаħܻϢɱΣ
ط˵Ҳֻǲƽ󷨣
峤˵ĲЩѪȷţ
˵ԭǾҪңҽȷţ
ȷžȻѾǱһˣ֪ͨȥӵмϣ
ط˵
Ŵ壬Ƕͷȥ
˵үүĿ治ʱ򣡡
ûʲô˵İȫҺطɻܹȫ˵ģ
ط˵һ㣬㣬˵ؾʯڸоΣ
һаã
ڵʵŵ˺ֵȼ
ط˵ڵ޷̽⵽ģҲһ̽Ϊ棬Ȼ̽ⲻ
ʥӦ˰ɣ
㵭˵
ʥף
طɾȵĺܣҪ֪칬Уʥ峤ֻʥף嵱У˼ϺԼһ˽ʥףȴû뵽ֻһؾʯΪǰ;޿
˵ʥ׷ΪǰкڣʥǰѾƿ˺ܴĽںͺýӵиǿƻҽʥװ꣬Ҳڽ׶Σ
ʥ֮󣬵ǺεȾ磿
ʵ
Д
ط˵˵еДڣڰ統УܹД磬֮٣֮УаДÿһДޱǿǿԲܹʩչ磬ܲٿ󣬷ΪƣΪ꣬ʵǿƥУ
ͷע⵽Дûκα仯һĴݸоǸͲДжǿһ
ݵдһ⣬طһץ˵˶мϣ㣬Ҷ
طһâͽâ֣ת˲䣬һط
ٳһС
ܵÿһ϶ŲڶսʵЩҡֱͦ˫񣬷·ʱܹսһ㡣
嵱ѣطɴ칬ڶҪǵԼļΪ˼԰ĻҲǷܷͼǿÿһ˶ƴ
Ϊľгһգط԰
طվǰͽΪ˸˵ѾʵˣǵģЩˣҪˣ칬ϢضŹ
峤ǲǣҪصԼļ԰
ǲǣˣǻҪݺݵİǴȥ֪˭ͳĻ壬ǲѪаħū۰ˣ
طɺȵ
峤˵öԣҪȺѪаħū۴ȥ

峤ǿ
ǳտȥ
ңԶʣһУ˵ѪȷţǶܻɱΣ
ٻ˶ЩܹܵЩмӵľ޴

˫̽벻ǣǵȻЩ⣬ɲһ˺һ
ûãЩһ飬ںȫһ㣬Щںһ𣬿϶вʥ׵
ҡҡͷ
ʥף
һҪ֪սʵûдﵽʥԣֻǸ񻰰ˡ
ŴҲ˵峤λ϶ڱչأҲֻʥ׵ˣ
ŴⷬҲʹˣŵﴦӿŻϨ˲٣Ͼ̫ǿˡ
ȴǵ˵㣬㲻ʥô


1427 Ȫ֮
ǶݵĽҪ֪ʵʥ嵱УҲֻнһ˴ﵽʥףȴֱյؾ֮һ죬ⲻν棬ŮǻݱԼΪǿˣŮǿˣˡ
˵Ƭ۵ѾﵽʥףѪ嵱У֪жٸ֣бڣ㲻õģ
ƬϢѾƮеĶ峤طɺȵѪаħû뵽ǾȻ٪嶼ŹҺطɽҪɱţ٪屨𣡡
ɢâһ󶦣һâлöС
ѹ٪˵һƬɱǣǿ󣡡
˵
طֲһ磬УЩâ棬ҵը죬ûаơ
طʥڣЩ۵ʥǰڵʵǵǻƺطɵĽ磡
˵
طڴ˿ҲƾʧȫͷųȥֱӻЩ
䣡
ը죬гѪ⡣

һʬϵ䣬˻δ㻯Ѫˮ
ɢһӰ֣˵ЩѪȷ沿ӡ
طɸͲܣֻЩ͸ѪԱ
һҪܣҲһϣֵǣԭЩѪȷữΪѪˮȴûС
ȻûЩȷ沿ӻҪǵĻڵԱѪˮôģ
㡣
۵壬ûҵˣ
˵
ѪԱҲŵȫȵ㻹ץסңҲʲô˵ģ
طɴӿԾ£վѪԱߣüͷһ壬㣿
壬峤
Ҳ֧֧ᡣ
ߣ㻹ǵ峤
طŭӵ칬Ϊβߣ
峤ҡ
̾˿
˵峤ʵûߵĴ˶ѾˣǺõˣûбѪƣǲУǱѪƣѪͻ
ˣܹɱˣ䵽ϣڵҲ
Ļ޿κΡ
طҡҡͷӣؼʱˣϣܹһЩܰǻ飡
峤Ҳ˵ҵڣѪľѪǿԼ⵽ģҲ뺦ǣ
˵֣棬ܲ취Ⱦ
طҲʶôһԣ㣬;Ⱦҵˣ
԰ɣ
˵
Χ˶߿ָϣڵȻѪϵһξѪξѪѾ׸ıѪҲֻаıѪܾ㣡
ıѪ
˶һ뵽㾹Ȼ˵˷Ȼһ˸ıѪ
ǵ˭Ը׳Ѫ
ʵ
Ӧ
Ͼ˭ΪһͽԼѪʹȫѪҲС
ط˵û׳ѪҵѪ
峤ʹã
˶˵
Ƕ֪ҪûкطɣǱͬһɢɳǰǺطɵϣӵ칬ͱѪͬˣﻹн찲ݵ
ж¶Ըȴ˵㣬ɣҵĵѾˣҿһѪȴû̫ôҲΪеĽ
Ŵ嶼˵ӣģ
ͷ
ܽҾȺãҲѪˣ
˵
Ϊ
˵
վڲԶҲǺθı˵ѪлϹ⣬Ϲ˸һֱܹ֮֮УѪҺע˵ڡ

Сʱȥ㷽ͣ£ŴﶼѾ˹ȥôô㣬Ҷûʲôɣ
ĵˣҲ˵ѾͨˣͨʧôѪܲ˻赹ģûʲôֻҪעܿˣ
˵
Ŵͷעڡ
طɿͬԵˣҲǰ˼⣬ɹˣ
ĳһϹ⣬˱ѹܵµҲûǹҪѪ뷨ָо
лл㣬ڸоԼǸˣ
˴ԭҽ̫ˣ峤Ǳ߲֪жôҪ칬ȴû뵽ȻҪ칬
ʲô칬
Ծ
Ҳһţ˵ʲô칬Ͽʥģ
ǽָܵǸ칬
˼ǣʥҲǸķΧ֮ڣ
ҲⲻһС鸺ķΧ
˵
˵㣬ô죬Ҵߣһзʲô飬ǡ
Ҵȥ
Žʧԭء
ʥǻ崽Ҳȥæ
ط˵

ʥӣһУ֮ϣȴҲվżӰ
ǽ뿴⼸˵Ļ¶ҪǵģŻۣһ˫ᣬ⼸˶ǴѪԱ
Ƕָǰ沿ӵĽ
ЩʥʱһͻȻüͷһ壬ãǱ߾Ȼ鷳
ô£
ȫû
ط϶Ͼʥڵʵȷ沿Ӳɱ
һξѪ
鳤ҡҡͷԭЩȷ沿֮󣬾Ѫ»صҵı壬ȴһΣ
ѵû
ûһ˸ıѪֻǵξѪŻʧ
ıѪУ˭ӵôǿ

Ϣʥ壬Ѿ˲أ۵ʥ׵ʵ˿ɵС
ȵг֮ʱѾϲٵʬ壬кҲվ󣬡֣Щһﵽʲô
Ѫаħ
ʶ㣬ѣкܹͨȣǺȥȣŷͯȥ㣬Ը
֣Ҳ㣡
ʥʥͼڣϣдãʥδͿ㸴ˣӣ
һƻϡ
ѱߣ˼ԸЩѪаħ
Ƭͷų޴µĽ綼ЩһȵѪаħʥ壬ҽվƴһҲҪɱǣ
һɳ죬ֱ֣ײ
ȴղƣûбײɢ
ʥǰںʥڵĲࡣ
طܹһ׻ǽȴǲС
ԭʩչ˿̵֮ϣһȴǻû
ֱӻ֮ϣʹ


1428 Ѫ
˽֮ǵȷ沿ӵ鳤Χһģֱԡ
еʥͼ콻
Σ
ײĲᣬҪĻߣͲҪˣ
ʥͼѾһˣɱҲò
˵꣬鳤һжĺ
һʥ׾ɱ
Χļˣ΢΢Щ鳤ʵ
Ȼȥ
ʧԭء

˸ϵʥʱܹʬ壬ѺͽԭأѾ˵ľš
СٻҲˣȻʥ壬ʥǱ壬Ȼ˲
ͯҡҡͷӷ𣡡
Ƕ·ͽѱǿǰף뵽һˡ
ˣͨ󣬾ȾҸװ
˵ٶˣҸպϣⶾ֣Ϊ˶ң
㣬㣬㲻ıѪôһܾҸ׵ģԲԣ
һ˿ϣ
ҲǸףֻǣΩʩչܰѽȻǣڹ統УѾʩչһˣǴ󷨹ڵķ׭ĺܴڶûȫָҲ޷ʩչһˣ
˵
ĵķ׭ʵ̫ڵʵܶʱڣʩչΣ
οһʩչβڹ磬ãȥѹƺڰ統еħǴʱҪԸ㣬ֱһ㡣
ϾڵΪ۷壬һβСľ롣
˵˼Ȳҵĸ𣿡
Ĭ
˵
ֻܰ㸸׵ȫǬУԺлĻһ취
˵
Ѽͷˣ㣡
㿴޳ˣҪ׳Ǭ˵ȵȣҶ࿴һۣ
һŤͷѾǬС
ǬУмС꣬УǲԽʲôΣ
ʦѪаħΪʲôҪʥ尡
ͯʵ
û˵˵ӦΪʥͼڣ
ʥͼʲô
˵
ָʥͼʥ˵Ķʲôã׵û˵ѣװʥͼڸ㣬Ҫ⸴ʥģ
ѵͷģ׵ĻȫУ
㣬ʥѾ٣ʥˮ̶ҿɲЩһǸ
ͷŽ̶֮С
ЩһﻹûлٵĻ׵һѪͰ׷ˣ
˵
һѪ
ɻ
ǶΪʥҪıʥͼڣȴǲʥˮ̶е
һ̶֮ϣ̸ȪۣȪ۴ˮЩˮֱӽ̶֮С
棬ԭ̶֮еˮȻǴεģ
ʥܣѾҲ֪׵Ϻ֮ڵȪ̶ۣ֮ϣ
˵Ȫ۵ʥˮܹΪָ˺ۣԴԴ
㲻Ȫ۴߰ɣ
ʵ
ǣ㣬Ȫ͸㣡
ң
Ȫ۵֮Щܹ㾡ָΪʥ壬٪壬ѪаħˣܹȻҲֻˣ
˵Ȫۣ
˵Ȫ۾һֱҲҲģʥ帴ˣʥˮ̶ûȪۣôУ
գұǻˣ
㲢գϾʥѾôˣȪ۶ʧˣԺ˵ϣ͸Сˡ
̬ȸǼֱҪٵȪۣ˵ãʥĳǱ
һţֱӻһȪ֮ϣȪ۵ð⣬һ㣬˶һû뵽Ȫ۵л
飡
ȻЩ벻ӦǼѸ٣Ǽ£˵Ȫۻ֣
ӴȪ۵㡣
һȪۣѾоڵӲ٣ЩȪ۶֮ͲҪת̺ı
Ȫ۶ϣҲһȻܹоΪһ
˵Ȫ۵żΪҲܵյؾ֮ķ֮
ͷСɫɫǶ˿ʲôҪģǾϻػ壡

Ļ̻̣ѪǿǶ֪ġ
ǰΪѪͻȻ֣ʹԭĻ忪ʼѣ峤طɴСԶ칬µĻ塣
Ҫ֪ԭĻ嵱Уڶӿİ취칬ϵĻٶȣҲǲǰ
طȻһ㣬ȴҲǱܵʵ
طѻصУտʼ׼ȥʥ壬ȴǱ㴫ˣϾѪǿʢѾв־塣
峤Ѿǰأܹȼü֮
˵
طüͷԶĵӰͬӰһУطɿǹλϣǰأǱǸ
طɣѾ˼ѵزΪܹô
˶ҡͷ
ϵУ˶ʥڣһ˸ʥ׺ڣҪͻƵĸ֡
ط˵λ˵ļǣѪаħͻϮ칬٪Ѿʥǰһϣ֪ˣ
׶༪٣
ʥѾˣ
˵
ҲС
λϿһˣҲΪɻ󣬺طһһ֮ǲŵͷеǳ⣬ط˵ո˵ʥ帲ˣ
ǵģүүҸ׶Ѿˣ
˵Ҳǵͷȥ
ЩаħһܵӦģ
ط˵
ʵ㣬ϵʥʱûвʲô
ûУѪӦûȥˣ
˵
궼ల£ǾȻôҪ칬ЩѪ嵽Ҫʲô
һ˵
ͺ񼸰ǰͻȻǻͼһЩѪ壬һԼԭ򣡡
ط˵
ǰͻȻ٣ҵǲˣЩѪ壬ѵںڰ
ʵ
㣬֪ڰ缫ΪڵһƬطҲֻǺڰϱߣ֮߱ΪϻУǣ칬͵عжڣ
طɽ͵ЩѪаħǴϻеģԡ򡯡
򣿡
㲻⡣
Ϻ֮ȥһȻϣϣִܵ򣡡
ط˵УŸħЩħޱǿѪ壬һ֣


1429 ߹ѪԱ
ħ͵ص׵ħк𣿡
ʵ
ص׵ħĽ棬Ƕųƺڰ͹ķӡеħȴǲͬҲһ
ط˵
Ѫ嵽ж
ҧ
ԭϺ֮ıԵһ赲аħϣܹϣٶҪДʵ
ط˵Ҫ֪ǿǼǰϣλДΪ˳Ҳˣ
˵峤Ѫ嵱һДǾóȻ
һДԻܰʥ׸֣ДƬϻ޵еĴڣ
һ峤˵ֻϧ˲ڻܲܲлʥص⼸Ҳ޳Д
һДֵϰʥ׸֣
㲢ûбДס˵ֻһДĻһܹӦ
㣿
ϽԾȿ㣬㣬ȻӦȴ˵Ÿոսʥףʥ׾ДҪǧ꣬ôܶԸД֣
㵹ûͣǼΪոֻһʱ嶯˵ĻҲûжʡ
طɰȫɢȥҲǸ˰ݡ
һ䣬ȴҪţСٻһĻҪͽ۵ģȴҲǱߣСٻ鲻ã㰡
ƾʲôǰȥ˽һûкƽأ
Сٻ˵뵽Ҳ˸ףҲûеѵ淢
ţһΣ
㰲ο˽һ׼뿪ݣȴǱӱסᶼûвɣ㣬ҲҪߣˣұ㺦£
Ҫ֮ǰ˵ᷴס׵ٽһĶڣûʲô˼Ͼո˸ףô˻Ҳˡ
Ҿ棬㲻Ҫ£
˵
Сʱһֱйù˯ǸŮˣܰίǸңãҾǲҵˣ۹ùˣ֮ҿʼüǿƴҳΪ̶ˣø׶ҹĿ࿴
˵ڣΪʲô׶뿪ңҾҺûã㣬㲻Ҫ뿪ңҪ뿪ˣ治֪ôˣ
㿴ģŮˣҲǵͷ㣡
ѽ§ߣ۾ʲôҪ룬úϢ
Ȼ۾㿴žµͻȻҶ˼ҡҡͷҲЩˣϾѾ뿪̫ˣ֪ǻô

գȻڴͷ˯ģɰˣĿ㣬Ҳǻ۾ͲҪ˯ֻ¾δЩɵװ˯
ûиоõ㣿
öˣ㣬лл㣬˲ͬ˾ӣʵϣǴ̶裬Ҿ֪ˣ
˵
û뵽صô㷢ˣ߰ɣ峤ǻӦѪأ
˵
˸ճţѺСٻСٻֱ㣬Ž˵꾫òҪҼ˵ˣҪٰ㹴ڣȻȻ˯һϣߣ
ҹ
ð
ҿʲôѵҲô
СٻϾǾŮˣŮӺһǻãʥĹǾͲˡ
ôס

ˣҲס浽ûзʲô鰡
˵
ҷԣ
һƴͷϣ˵Сٻǡ
û˵꣬ŵҸ㣬ҺˣøɵĶˣİɣŮˣ
Ļ̼ᶼˣˣ㣬ǣǾȻңҲҪˣߣ
Сٻ˵⻰ˡ
ˣ㲻ȥ׷Сٻ
׷ҪףҲʵģ
˵
ȻΣȴҲû˵ʲô
߽ݣطͼλ۶ԸѪ飬ǺҲڳǻȥϢˡ
˵㣬ãżλϺ峤´赲Ѫȷ沿ӣ
ʲô󣿡
ͨ󷨣
ط˵㣬ȫŶݼףѪȴǼǻûϢ˵ϵ󷨣ͨȴǲͬ
ͨһã·ɹһֻӬܸдĵ
ҲֻܶԸѪȷ沿Ӱˣ
ҡҡͷѪ嵱бȻ֣
˵ĲֻͨܶԸȷ飬ѪԱȷʵҪֽ
һ˵㣬ʲô뷨
ҡҡͷҶеĻز̫ϤѪҲֻЩܹϮѪĳԱǽУǱضˮڣԲӦ䣡
˵꣬һϱվ⣬д⣬Ƭ̣˵ͨѾãֻҪȺѪаħضҪȫʬ
䣡
澹Ȼը˵ˣ
㵹ϵѪԱڽڸ壬ȴû뵽ô죬Ҫ֪Ÿһ졣
һȣֱӣﲻԶʣһƮ֮УһֻֻĹЩˣӦþǴѪԱǵùĻ˵ǳˡ
ۼ⣬һ۱㿴һֻչļһȻץһŮˣŮСٻ
СٻϵҲ˵ˣ
Ծôץסˣ
ɵĺ£
Ѻȵ
ʲô飡ǱϾˣң
ҡͷ
ˣ
˵
طɵҲˣЩܿӽͨ󷨵ķΧԭײͨ󷨣ض˲ء
ǼѪԱУȴһлֱƵͨ󷨡
ôǾȻҲͨ󷨣
Ǿȵ
޴طɣѪռǻʥѾˣΪǵе󷨣Ƕûѧϰôͨ󷨣赲ǣ̫СѪˣ
⼸ѪԱ䡣
һָȵɢ
ɢȫΪΡ
Щζ붼ǻĳԱǱѪԱԾѪƣܴпΡ
Ѫһ壬᳹׸ѪѪͽ
ҲǱƲѡ
ſң
Сٻ˵
Ҫ㳤ƯͰɱˣߺߣһûпôƯأ
ѪԱȥСٻ°ͣȴǴһ죬ҪǲĻȥ
˭˭贫ң
ѪԱһԷʵ̫ˣͺʱɱһ

ȷ沿鳤ȵǸ߹ѪԱҪʱ̱һݴţŷǵݣ֪֪ģ


1430 ѪϮ
ǣ鳤
ѪԱͷȴȻڿ־ոǸȻ˱ʵҪǿܶࡣ
طɣ˶ѾѪסˣȰ㻹־ܣǻȥ峤һ·Ļߺߣͱնɱˣ
鳤˵
նɱ㵹ǿͦ󣬾ƾ⼸ں֮ڣһȫ壿룡
ط˵
ں֮ڣ˵Щ˰ɣ
鳤ЦָŰеȷţɱǣ
ȷٴ۳Щźطɵ˳ȥ
峤ѵҪɱô
ʵ
ѡ·ǲɱǣǱҪɱǣ
ط˵һɳ죬뷢ֱӻЩ
Ѫ䣬еȷȫطɻڵأѪˮ

ˣ鳤ȴûһѹɱǹ֣ˬЩȷţŴѣǾȫɱ꣬Ҳаʹߣ⼸ϼһﶼ
˵ȻǺطɺԵϡ
ΪДô
طЦ
ϣ
鳤ʵϸûд̽طɵ˵ʵʵϾЩ˶Ѿ㵽칬ˣΪ칬ٶȿ϶ǲ绪ʥصģ⼸ϼһΪҲܹ١
鳤Ѿʥ׺ڵĸ֣ѪԱҲʥ׵ʵΪݣҪһ򵥡
ϳֵʱЩˡ
ϵʵʥ׺ңѾԴݻ֧ѪСԱˡ
鳤ȵģˣ⼸϶Ȼô
ץסѪԱĴѾԼߵ˸ͲǻĶ֣ЩҪܵ˼
ſң
˵
ʲôҴȥ
ߣȴǱһ˴ץڼϣһ̣ͷʱ򣬸ֻܵڿڻֱ۾Ȼʧˡ
Ҫ֪һʥ׵ĸ֣
ŵøϽ˺ЩŭҲΪģԭ㹲һʲôˣ֮£Ҫ뿪壬˭֪ЩѪԱѪԱƯ쳣׼Ѫ塣
ԭΪҪǬһ㣬ܾ尾ʱִˣɾϼˣ֮࣬ҲڴܹʱãЩѪԱҲҪϸ壬ʹãٴ
㣡
ѪԱŤһ첲ӲڻˣҪڵҲƣڻѪԱһ첲㣬һ첲ҲȻһֱӾͶˣ˿Щ΢΢ȡ
رǽһֻްˣ͹ϵ磬αΪײеĶԴԷѵϲɣ
鳤һϿסԼ±ôбĶԴһǻԴ²İ
ߣиײеģ
ߡ
һ仰˵ϵ첲֮һҲˣʹıᣬҪ֪ͨһ㣬ͨ˶ϸ첲ȣжʹ֪
ô޶ް
鳤ȵ
Ǹ߹ѪԱʹʲôҪִݺţ
һƴϣţ
ʹĻ˵ˡ
Сٻ˵ˣʵҲûҸʲôѾˣ
Ҳûмȥһ˶ϣֱӵڵϣ˵۾ͨһѪ
طɶЩ𺳣û뵽㾹Ȼһݽɫ
鳤˵طɰҴˣǲҪԸҰ
طɻûڣ˵鳤Сɫɫɱ
Ϊʲô
⡣
ɱ㸸׵֣
㣡
Ѷ
ʥ壿
鳤˵
ɱҸףȫ壬Ҫɱ㣡
һƻؿڴ
ҲǺȵôɱ̫ˣҪһѪɶ

ѪԱȫɱ⣬ĲҲ̶ãͯ㣬ʦҪµ
㵹֮ԱǣȵײеĵطʦҶȥ
˻صݵʱҲע⵽ЩѪԱڵϵѪҺȻȫһطƮȥüͷһ壬ѵЩȫǿܣ
㣬һֱѵЩôҪ֪ǿǴһʤ̣
˵
ǣʲôʤ̣Էֻһȷŵ鳤ˣѪ嵱Уǿ˶ǣǽҪգ
ط˵
طɣȥҲǰ취Ѫһֱɧ壬˶ɥʧĵģ
һ˵
ϣĿǰҲֻˣ
ط˵
ѵͲȥʥô
ʵ
ȥˣѪѾռѪ嵱ДĴڣȥˣװ
ط˵
һζֻܺͶԷսǳԿ峤ѻʥصĵص֪ңȥ̽̽
˵
ʵϣΪҪﻪɹΣѣԼҲȥʥؿĴڡ
Ҫ֪ϴͨıѪѾ˽⵽Ͼ߱һֻѪЩ͹Щ߲ͬȻҲ߱һЩŨ̫ͣϣȴŰٷ֮ʮҵĻѪ
ͨҪѰһʥ壬ͷҲ
Ҫҵͺڰ绪֮ϵͱȥһ˻ʥأϣܹõ
У̫ðˣȫѪˣǲȥ
ط˵
ȴ˵ȥѾ峤Ƿģκβң
طɿмᶨĿ⣬Ҳ̾ʥʵ칬̫ԶϺֻ֮һܴ󷨣Ҫƽ󷨣ʥزŻ֣
ͷ
㣬ʥصǻܣһֻʥأֻֻ뱻ʥصУܳԼԦˣ򣬾Д޷⿪ӡ
ط˵ֻ룬еıޣǵѪϮʱȴǲûǣ
עȻ룬ֻҪ׻Ѫ⡣
ˣҪȥʥأ
СٻЩǵ
ǲȥ
Уǻ޿ռ䣬ģĺˣ
ͬʱʧ޿ռ䡣
˵㣬Ѫȫ壬ҲòһҪȥʥأ
ͲҪȥˣǿԱסԼҲһܹ㰡
㿴Žǰִŵ飬޵滨꣬ҲǵͷߵŮ˶ˣҲȥˣ
ͯƲ죬ʦҾͲǶˣ


1431 ʥ
Ϻ֮
Ƽĵط
ǳǳʱ̣߶ճϫ֮Ϊ취
ĳϫǿ֮κһ춼Ҫǿϲ٣ЩȻҲϲãϾϫԽǿתҲԽࡣ
ϫ͵Ĵ򰶱ߣǴһ㣬ЩǰȻһ硣
Ϻ֮ϣðĴڣ棬ȻܹߣֻЩô֡
ᣬªħͲһߡ
Ҳע⵽ЩߵĿһ˵ĳϫ̫󣬾Ȼʥص󷨸ƽˣЩߣأ
ǣЩߵʵȻƲϣǺ棬ͦ˼ģ
Ⱥ߾Ŀ֮£миħļһ˲Ƴʵǵ˭ħô
ħǿ֪ʲôط
һѪԱָǳĵط
Ӧ
Ǵ˵еĻʥأڻħô
ǻˣ
Ⱥ߶ȡ
ߺߣ
ȻǾú˷ܣϾôϫ֮ǵһν⿪Ϻ֮󷨣ⲻò˵һɺϡ
ܣ᳤Ŀ
˵
ߣȻ˵ǳª
ѪԱŭгһЩֱӻϣ˻Ϊҽ
Щ߶һҪ֪ǵʵҲǲˣȴû뵽ܹǿĴڡ
ܣ⼸ѪԱûŹǣƬ̣ȫΪҽ
ϵϺ֮ʱѾᵽϢʵôˣ㻹⿪󷨣
ʮˣ
˵
Ѫɵģ
ţ
ͷ˲⿪ʥص󷨣ʥ̱ڶǰ纣¥
żѪԱѲߣסϢһǡ¥
ʥؼһСһ㣬棬㲻ܹѪԱҲܹٻԱ
Щ˵ȴǲûбѪľѪν塣
峤ѪǱ˵Ǹ칬δ죬һȷţٳʮǰȥ䵱Ѫū
ģЩѪǲǵȷ沿ӣǵ˵ڻңЩ棬ͻữΪѪˮ
һ˵
峤Ҳڿǡ
峤ǧҪͳȥҿźӵģ
峤Ҳǣ㲻Ҫҳȥһ꣡

ԣ峤ǳƣͨϢ֮˵峤̫ɽ֮ǰҪûаȥѪС鳤ѡѪū
峤ҪȻǺƴ˰ɣﶼӳȥΪβң
⼸˶š
ѪԱʱ˺ʲôأߣĪ峤ҪǲʮѪū㶼Ͻˣ
⼸ѪԱͷʱײؿϣǲҪˤ㣬ģû۾
۾䣬˵˭û۾
㣡
һһѪԱ˫۾ȻϹˣ˵һ飿
ʹ
˶ȥȴǲûл̫๦ֱӰѼ˶ɱˡ
˫ĿʧѪԱͬҲŵõľĪǲ췴
ĪͲʶǰˣҲԶԣˣǿѪڣǴûܹɱѪԱϾˣȴǵģҲֻܳΪѪū
СӣҸոյľһˣʱ͵ɣ
ǺǣҪǱ۸ΧѾҲ磬ǽеЩҲҪ㻹ô
ʲô㣡
ѪԱˣһ
Ī峤ְ㿴㣬㣬㲻ˣ
ͷվߣ˵칬
ʥϢ
Īת㣬ѵǻˣ
ǣ
ҡͷҸ˵ĵطɣӣ
Īͷͽһӡ
ӺܴĪѲ˶ټ߰ʮˣǶѾ˵նɱѪԱ¼δЩݡ
칬鶼ĪΧĻˣЩį֡
˵鶼ѾȥˣҪ취Ѫϳʥأ
㣬ڵѪ峤˵ܹҾ޳Д˭ֻ֪һȦףһǻѵȦף
Ī˵
ǰ嶦ʢиֱȴǱѪ֣ѪϵĪԿΪΪնʹĪĶҲһ·
ǸʱĪûдӦѪ壬ƾѪʵҪԿĻ壬ô׵ġ
ͷ
㣬ҵѾһ뱻ץȥѪѪūˣǾǶԸǵȷţΪȷţһӶֻУ棬
Ī˵ԭһ¶ĶԿѪ壬ȻˣұѪ忹ʱˣ
˶ȵ峤Ӣǻһ԰Ѫϳʥصģ
Щ˵ı֣Ͼ⻪ʥصУЩ˶ԸԿѪ壬Ȼкܴġ
Īʵ㣬ܹʲô
Ҹո˵ỹҪһǰȥΪѪū
˵
Īͷ˼ǣҪӽȥ

ҲҪȥ
˵
ĪΪʲôҪ˵㣬ǻᱻѪԱѪ⣬ǻᱻ뾫ѪΪѪū÷
Ѫ⣿
üͷҪŽѪ⣬ҲҪЩѪ嵽ʲôѾѪעģѪūѪԱЩѪҺֻص
ֻҪҵѪҺԴͷţܶ鶼һ
̫Ҫɽ
ĪֻѡˣȴǰȥѪ⡣
峤ˣĲҪҹȥ
Ҳ룡ֲ̫ˣǰȥѪˣûһܻŻǸ漣
Ȼ뷴Ѫ壬ȴǶѪĺ£ǰȥѪ⣬һ뾫Ѫǿɾͳˡ
ͽУҲֻԸԸ£ˣȥѪ⡣
Īͷ˵ټûУ
ѪԱš
Ī˵ô죿
ţ
ǼûֱײŽȥ
ӴǼһֱѪ⣬ûз֣λôƯСﰡѽʣ̫Ưˣ
Ƕ촽˵
ĪһߣȻֳһŮӣŮϵϢڸǣҲƲߡ
һŮӣվǰĻһˣ˺֣Ϣͬڸסˡ
ȻѺСٻ


1432
ʱȣȻϣЩѪԱƳߣȻ⻪˶ҽѪ⣬ҲֻаѺСٻų
ѪԱƺҲǸоʱЩȣûдϷעһӶѵһŮ˸⼸Ҳʶţ⻪ʥصŲٽ磬ĿǰʵȻҲЩط̽ⲻ
һ޴Ĺűű߲ߣÿһ涼гѪԱأҹ棬쳣ۣ۾缤һɨŵյÿһ䣬·𣬾һֻӬӽűᱻɱ
Щ˶Ѫ嵱еҹ棬ʵͨѪԱҪǿϼ֣ЩӽһС鳤ʵ
л˵
㿴ҹĿɨ䵽ߵʱüͷһ壬ȻֱӴǰѪԱҹˣǰȥѪɾѪūĻˣ
ǰиڽѪʱѣǵиҹΪ鱻˿ɲٳ鷳
ҹ濴Ϊ࣬ǵĿһֱһǰƶСٻͽҲǾΪˣɫһҲʵڻʥôãûмˣߣǵ˭
Ѽǣҹ磬λҴӣйأһ˻ŮӶֻܴڼ̷ˡ
ŮԷһۣΪˬȻǶΪΨһӡ
ʲôǶӣ
Ƕ㣬һŵģ
ô
¶ˬ飬ɱǰҹ棬űľ̽Ѫ⵽ʲôܣ͸ɵǰˡ
ʵҲûʲôֻǶϧôɫŮӣ㣬ȻҪѪūĪڴˣ
Ը⣡
Ů˵ǰô
ҹȫȻû뵽Сٻ˵ðŭ𣬲Ҳ뵽ϾҪΪѪūˣⱲҲˣҲûк⼸˼ƽϡ
ΪڸǣҲǲ̽쳣Ϣ⣬ʮ˽Ѫ⣬ҲǷ׷ҡͷ
űĵһ㵱ŲѪأЩѪصźܶѪԱϷӾ㻹Ůн䣬ҲѪصеĲ˿˽Ҳ֣٣ѪϴǾͻɺһĴˣ
ŶǸ߹ѪԱǱѪū
ǰѪԱǻͷ˵ѪصеѪԱи߹ʿǲҪǣֱǱרѪūȨʱǵ³ң
ϾǳΪȷţЩѪū³ֻսɳ
ҪǳΪЩʿרѪūŮ˱ضǱҲܱܿȡѪԱ顣
ӴŮ
ѪصУ˺
һ˶˹ȥЩڽе˶ͣվס
ˣ
ǰļѪԱҡҡͷ뷢飬Ƿˡ
ȻǶֻҪŻŮ˽Ѫ⣬ƱػᱻЩ߹ʿţһЩªĻãɽСٻƯŮˣȻǲŹ
һЩѪеĴž޴ᣬϣϣȫѪҺһѪĶħ
ŮˣҪˣ
һ˵
˹ͣ˵ЦôϴǸŮ˶Ѫūڣ㻹Ҫ룡
˶˵
ҵĸǸ߹ѪʲôѪū
һȣɢǿ⣬âֱӰЩѪɡ
ü˵ʵҲʥ׺ңǼϣҪǿϼ֡
ʥ׺ڣȻҲǿ֮֡
ο˹͵ˣѪѪǳʩչ͸ǿˡ
ҪŮô
˹ͺȵ
Ѫصѻȸû˸˵
ȻһЩѪͷǣΪѪĶӣ˹ﻹлȨģרŮѪūҲࡣ
ֶɫ˶ǿģ
˹˫չһŽСٻȥȴʱ֣һһ§סŮ˹һŭУȻִڣǿۼ
ܹס˹͵ȻʵСԭΪ峤ĪҲǸʥǰڵΪȴû뵽㣬Ȼǿʵ
Ҫ֪ʥ֮Ѫ嵱УܹС鳤λǷ
ѪصеҲ֣Ƕ˵һﲻǻһְɣ
˧ŶҺϲ
ҪΪѪūǸöŶ
Ѫ֮УҲŲȡѪԱ
ǰļѪԱ뵱ϣ˹ʹ磬Щ˶Ҫ䵱ȷŵѪūҿͱΪǰɣ
һȥ
˹һֺ˵ѪԱϣֱڵһѪӵ֮Ϸȥ
ע⵽СϸڣȻű棬ѪԴڡ
ҷҵ˲࣬Сӣǵһ
˹˵
ЦҪأ
ҪҵСӣ֪֪ʥ׺ڵΪ㵲סҵһɱҵ㣬ոֻʩչֵˣ
˹ҡҡͷЩЦ
ݾߣ˵˹ʹˣҴոճ˲پƣǶҪΪѪūˣ¥
ıȣʲôʸ˵
˹һƻ˹ȥѵǰͣѷŵñ۾۾һһˣɱģӶˬˣ
ס˹͵ȭͷһ˹͵ӱ㷭ڵϡ
Ѫصе˶ˣҪ֪˹Щ˵еĵһ֣ʥ׺ڣôܱ׵ľʹڵأͲϳ
ǲţ˹͸ǲš
ղһȭѾʹŷĿľҪɱ˶ѣȴû뵽׵ıץסȭͷס㣬ʲô嵱Уôܳôǿˡ
Ҫ֪ԴѪɹѻ壬ǿƻʥأߵĻ˾ͬѪһ㣬ûʲôĺǵıĪҲʥǰڡ
㣬ճһ㣬ȻӵһȻʥ׺ڵⲻò˹𺳡
˹ͣĶӣѵһļ񶼴򲻹ô
ѪصеЦ
ǰǼ˶һȻǶҪɱЩѪĳԱ
˹ͺȵǸұ죬Ӹողһʱ⣬ΪԻôҿǸ߹ġ
û˵һȭ˹ȥû˹͵
߹ѪԱ𣿡
Цһȭڣ˹ʥ׺ڵʵоЩͷת򣬡㣬ģ㾹ȻҴҵ


1433 
ѪԱޱȣ˹ȴעòΪѪ嵱еӣһı˭ҪҪ
ȴһȭ˹͵򻨣Ȼ˿̵˹һ顣
ֹѪصе˶ڼţ˹һֱѹǣǿ˹ͱȻ˷ܡ
ʹǻˡ
㣬
˹ͺȵɢź˫ۺͯгһҹ棬ȥ䲻
㣬ҪСģ
˵
ҹ泯˹һȥҪ壬ȴǰγѪ񵶣һЩȫնɢ˹͸ƶϱǼĵ
ŵõƽһ㺦£㵽ʲô
ô
ߣҪɱң֪³ѪǲŹģ
ѵ˻˹ЦΪǺոյĻȴû뵽ճصȻһ£˹ӦӦֱӱն
ɱɱ˹ͣ
ѪЩ˶ŵ
һ̣űһ㣬ȫס
ǰҪȥѪԱŵöǰѪصе˶˵㣬϶ǻˣǵвĸ֣
䣬һһѪأѪֱӱըѪԱȫˡ
һűѾ۲磬ǾҪ֪ͨ˭ˣ
һ߷ǰĴ·ˡ
ѾűͲҪκ˴·Ҳɱ˹֮ǰѾĲ½磬ĻűˣȻǷһĹ졣
ǰ·˸˿̣˶Ѿȫŷ㣬˵磬㲼µĽ絽ʲôȻ޷ȥ
һ磬һ磬ǵʵȻ޷Ƶģ
˵
˶㣬űûпһѪԱֱ㣬ſһŵѪԱ
ЩѪԱһֻɫˣȫǰ̺ۣȥ쳣ֲһˣޣѪ嵱
ҲǸܵ˺ǿȷ˹Ҫǿϲ٣֮ǰʥȪۣΪָ٣ȻûеִڰДȼȴʥ֮Уκζ֡
һˣҲǿ˲ٻˣѾȷţÿγȥִֻ֮зɻصű֮Уǵܼ
ֻ·һ
ǵУŸ־ҵȸƺѾߵͷ
ˣһѪūԱѾ͹ˣ
˵
޻ͷʮˣ˭ģ
߹ѪԱǶ˹ʹȥѪؽˣ
˵

ѪԱЦ
ôһ˵ȴǹҲסˣ˹ĶӣȻΪһ޴Ķӣеʧ
ˣû·ǲߵ᲻ʲô飿
ܣű֮еѪԱľѪǴϵγȥģκһˣѪصҵ壬ű֮Уûг飡
ŵ
Ҳע⵽һ㣬ɱ˹֮ͣ£ǾѪͳȥ
ǣˣ
Ȼͷ
֣Ϊ׵ʮ˶ǰ
˵ǼΪǸ߹ѪʿΪΪѪūʲô飬ʵϣܹΪΰѪԱⱲ޵Ĺ£
ڴ֮ǰǻʲôδ˵Ըôҿ԰ɣ
ֻ֪Ѫ
˵
֪ѪѪħƾЩѪūһӶû취
˵ΪĺģԸ㣬ڻʥصеУДϵĴڣдΣգǲᾪ

˵ѪдΣˣ
ʲô˼
ҰɱˣϵľѪǲǻȫʧ
ʵ
üͷһ壬˵ʲôɱˣ
ЩѪԱҲڳЦˣһĻ˺ģⶼʳֻǿϧŮ
Ҳһ˵ԭ丸ӣ⻰Ȼû
ʲô˼
޺ȵ
ûʲô˼ֻĶӱ˿һڿѾѪˮˣ
Цͺɵһ
˶һ˵ʲô˹ʹˣ
ܣ˹͵ľѪûлع飬ģ
ȴЦЦһ㣬űһĽ类⿪һξѪعС
˹͵ľѪ
𺳵˵
ˣ⣿
ЩѪԱҲ֪˵ʲô
ȷŵеĻˣϢ㿴ȥгһ˿ϣ
¥ѪеѪԱǶˣ˹ʹˣɱģ
𣡡
޵һκ˳
űĵ㡣
δ˴Ļ𣬼ʹĶ˹ǿһλŮû
˹ΨһĶӡ
޺ȵЩˣҽҪͳͳѪūǵ
ž޴󲨶ҽһ壬һˣȴǰγѪ񵶣Ѫڵ֮ϣͬһ
䣡
ײ޾ȻСһ
Ҫ֪޿űˣ
Ѫ֮һеĸ֣
һΪֻ벽͵ִД
Ϊ붼롣
ܿϧϵ㣬ʹûǰ۷ʵڰ統УȻʱΪӽДʵ
ֻ벽ִД㣬ҲֻС벽
޸Ÿո㾹Ȼ˻ȥֻ޴ɫɿһ㡣
Щ統дźɫ棬޵Ѫ幦
ȥɣ
޺ȵ
ȴȻââֱӰЩɫȫס
ʲô
һɫʵ޵ıһĴڣЩԭǿɱΣͬȼ֮µߣǵĶ֡
û뵽ȴ׾ٰЩɫסȵ㵽˭㾿Ҫʲô
Ѿ϶㲻ǻʥصˡ
㻹µɣ
һ£ұ۱նϣұ۱ն֮ҲǷ֣ЩȷŵһϾȻ־ѪЩѪȻڿʧ
ЩҲǼûǹѪˣˣҲѪˣǲˣ
Ƕ˷ܷǳ
ҵģ㣬ɱҲк³ģһɱģ
޺ȵ
ѪԱŵõսľû뵽ǻҪħˡ
ȥɣ
һ£ֱӽ޵
һεξѪЩȷͷðʧΡ
űеĻ˶ָǶΧԣ£ЩұΪһˣˣǻָǾȥ壡
ˣ
Ƕм㡣
ȴûʱ䣬Щ˵Ĥݣ˵ű֮бҲ˽磬һȴǻͨ칦ϵЩʧˣ


1434 
ʶǿɱ޵ʱѾܵʵķȻ˱
ЩѪԱո˵ҲǴӾ߳Ƕ˵ߣСӣ֣ȻɱΣ
죡
һնѪȺʮѪԱһն
Щ˱ɱǵͬ鶼ŵòҿȻǶô˿̵ħһ㣬ɱ¾ޡ
˶˵磬ҪҪ򡭡
ˣۻ
㵭˵
䣬âӹűֳ֮ɲǼ䣬ִű㣬˺һֻɫᣬǶѪ嵱ĸ֡
ʵ벽ִД
˵Уһ˵Сӣ㵽ģȻɱޣ
磡
˵
ܣôܴӹһД޷ƵĽ磬СӣЦδ̫Цˣ
û˼ǽκЦ
ҡҡͷеѪ񵶵һһâ
Ͻ㿪Ƿĵâаɣ¾Ҫˡ
ԭйϵҲãһΣܹǿĵâҲЩη塣
ǼкɱеʱһΣҪԸǰСˣ
ɱޣֻҲһִ߱Д磬ᣬΪ

ԵеʱߵĻ˶ѾվһԣСٻȻԷ˳ۣʱԲڧĵУΪ
ϣսʤ֡
ЩѪԱһ㱻ɱϾֻǵܵõϡ
ߣΪҪʩչʲôأԭҲֻһȺҷ
ЦѪȻһһâһֱһһƻܲˣѪ
˺Χ㣬ǵ޴ʮֻ㲻ͣţһǳлŲӯܣܵĽǶҲǡôʹǼĺȫǼš֡ѪԱ
Ҫ֪Ϊ᲻ʴֻ·һ
ѪԱϢɱ
ǹ񫣬ˣн赶ɱ̫Ưˣ
˵
ô
Сٻ˵
Сٻôţһգ𣿡
ߣʥˣᣡ
ҿҲᣡ
˵
Щ˵ûôģ۾ļս
ô죿
ЩƣǶʶ֡
㵹ǲ̫ʱ俼ǣһ£ֱӿһȡ
㣡̫ˣ
ȵ
ЩдˬʲôʱЩԱ˵̫ˣ
ô
ֿһұۡ
һҪߣȴǱű֮С
Ӳ˵ģűű۵磬ûб۵˭ȥ
˵
㣬ħѪ峤ѪħˣǾԲŹģ
۲ҪŹңɱǣҾҪȥ
㻹ѪħˣڿЦô
ôǵѪħǳ˹ֲɣ
Ц
Щ˶Ц磬ѪħһДޱߣҪģ
ôЩѪħˣεǿ󣡡
οѪħлһ쾳ǿǴ˵еʥ
㵹û뵽ѪħДһʥѪħԼΪҪһ̨ס
Д
ڰД磬Ȼһ޴ͻơ
㣬ʲôǣĻѪħ˶Ȼɱ㣡
ΪѪħŵ㣬ȴû뵽̫һնɱһȵֱӻΪѪˮ
ѪѾ
Ƕ¶ʧı飬㵱еѪԱҲǱǵɱһʱ䣬ǾЩԮ
Ҫ֪Ѫΰ󱧸аħҪڰֻҪѪ徫ѪᱻѪ峹׿ƣΪѪħãܡ
ЩҲã㣬նɱЩĸ֣ڵľѪҲʧΡ
㣬㲻Ҫɱǣ
ʼġ
һַ˵ĸܡ
Ǹ˵꣬˵Ī峤ôˣ
Īڶ˹ȻǿصѪˮҲȻ֪ʲô飬Ī˵㣬Ѿ˵ˣǶӦæֻǣǰ⵽ô£
峤ѾնɱҲأ
ĪͣȻûԤϻⷬҪ֪ղǿĺЩ˼οΣôšһûκηĳű
˭֪һ˾Ѿ顣
ģĪЩֻҪ֪ЩûĥĪ
˵ʲôʱñ۲ɱǣ
룬֪ͨ·
㿴һĪ˵㣬Ѫħ󷨸ڸˣһҵõģ
ΪҲ
УѪħ˲һΪ󷨣˵ƽⲻ󷨣ƽ󷨣ҲҪʱ䣡
ʱ䣿
ЦҲ̫ǵ峤˰ɣ
㣬Ǵȥĵص㣬ƽ󷨣ƽⲻˣٳΣֻҪǰ㣬㲻ɱǣ
ϻ˵
ȵ
תΪһʧΣҲʧԭأСٻһ˵ô죬ںδ
Ҵǰȥ
Ī˵
һص㣬ƣ߼ʡ
ǰʵϣ߹ȥͲԭλá
ʶ̽⣬ȻҲ̽ⲻλá
ֹһʶ̽󷨣Ȼ
˵
㣬㿴ֻĻ룬ʵϣǰ
һ˵
Ī˸ϵҲ˵ԭǻĵطȴǱЩѪռ죬ҶѾмû
Ƕ˿Žİ취
ȵ
ǶѪħֱϵ£ȻŽİ취
ԭǲ˵ģûа취Ϊ˱סҲֻˡ
ֻһЩĳֹǰԭӦûȻʣʵǰĳȴʧ
Ūף߽һ飬ȴͽ޹ҪλʱõУȴǵıɵ
ıɵкģֱӴ࣬


1435 Ѫħ
ֲıɵɱҲʹе״øӷġ
ͻȻ죬û뵽ҪѡѪħˣѪ嵱УȻ˴󶯵
Ǻˣ
Ѻȵ
Ѫħ͵Д
ʲôД
һȺˣД磬Ԫӵбİٷ֮ʮޣκ壡
Ӱеٴκȵ
Д֮ʥ׶Ҫǿ󣬶Дİٷ֮ʮҲǼ޵еġ
ĪҲ˵㣬ДԪԪ쳣ǿС£
ͷƽ󷨵ļѾ֮ûƽɹҲԪĵҡ
֮ȻԪ
еѪ񵶸գ˫ֻЩʩչĹǰһƬޡ
飡
˶ߵĴǾըûĽ赲Щˣ¶Ҫը⽴
纣¥һ㣬ǰһʵ岢Ӱš
ȻǻʥصУܹɱٶȵ
ͬƣÿһ¥ػһ㣬ʹȥĪ⡣
ڣֿ
ĪһڻҲ˷ܡ
һڹ֣һӰһ¥ֱǰӰҲĪ˵ԪĿª֣ǷѪʣֻɫȻɿĿ⣬Ųš
㾹ȻܹƽҼӳֵ󣡡
ѪħԪ˵
Ѫħһۿģ
ܹܳԪȻǿ󣬵ȻֻһߵִДϾֻДԪˣֻаٷ֮ʮД
Д֮µ۷ԪȻĶ֡
Ѫħ˵Ԫ˻֮ΪѪ嵱иɵ飬ûвôֻѪħ˲ˣɱˣֻҪѪħ˵һξѪȫԭ
˶ܸô
㵹Щ档
ѪѪ޺ĹֻͬҪѪħѪͽԶڣѪˣǱѪħһһģǶѪħ
Ԫָŵŵʬ˵
ǰɣãն㣡
ڿеѪĿ֮£һնԪٴУ˫ֻЩ֮ʩչҪǿ١
Ҳֻܵһˡ
Ǳ۵һҪҷ𣡡
Ц
ԪһȻѪħıŵʶȵСӣڿЦôֻ
Ҫ֪ѪħԪѪħһ
Ѿȫֵȴֻİ˳
ҪʩչȫҪն
ԪѪħֱӿŵģҲ̽ʵȻʵĹơ
ʹԪֻѪħʮ֮һµ㣬ȷʵѪħĴڹ˾޴в
ռʥôǵһͻƲؿ档
ԪȻûд̫ãһֱӰԪ˻ӰƬ
ţȥѪħˣ
˵
䣬һҪ
Сٻֳѽ˼飬ĺ꾫ô˵Ҽ
㳯Žͷʧǰ
ĪȻ˶ȫǰ£ǶڵȴĺϢ
ƣһһٶ㡣
ÿһ㵱УЩһϣֱӾҪɱȴܽ¥ȫڡ
һһתۼִﶥ㡣
¥֮УΪվԭأʶţҲѾܵһǿ
ҲЩϤ
˵ɣӦǵڶεļ棡
¥֮еȻ˹ͺѪħһһȴȫȻյȫգǰѸոյ׵總Ѫ֮ϣȵǰɣ۱ˣ
ûеѪħӦһ¶ˣȫе׵飬һʯƶ֮е䡣
飡
ĪڵϣܸеϷľʯ
Ʒ˶ˣ
һʮ㡣
䣡
ʯһĵ£ʱƶ˶룬СٻܹӵϿվ֮ϡ
˵ˣҪô
ĪҲҡҡͷǻʥصĵطû뵽㾹Ȼô㣬ǿԽԽ֮Ҫˣ
ĪȻҲЩԹϾⶼڵĻҵ
Ѫħˣ
ָǿ˵
ҲǿһӰǰ˲ǸոԪ̬ʵϣһˡ
һؽӡ
Ȼֻ֪ҪԸ⣬ʱܹչֻɫ
ȻΣǺҲ²ĲһΣӦڿճǵмɣ
㵭˵
˵ǵʱڿճ֮УΧСɣСɸ˵ںħ֮ĵ飬ȴһޱǿĽɱ
ڵʱǰȻޱǿ޷ƥеģһֱǻĸ֣Ͼ嵱вٽܹǰǿĽġ
칬ȴδһǿĽ
ֱ¸ܵǹǿ
Ѫħдһ˿ЦݣǲϰҵģҲ㿴ҵıĿ
ѪħҡȴͬԪһ㣬ªޱȡ
㻹Ǳɣϻجεģ
㣡
Ѫħȵôĵ㲻֪Ѿھô
ʵȻȥȱҪǿʵϣȴ㣡
˵
㲻ң
Ѫħ˵ڿճ֮Уұע⵽ˣֻʱ̫Сϣһڴŷͯ쳤ֻʮ꣬ұܹȡ֮ͯģɾ͵ڶД
ڶД
㵹Ѫħ뷨ںϷͯڵħ֮ģȴǲڶДʲô˼
Д֮ϣԪÿһДǷԪһДֻһԪДļǿҲʹԪǿԪͱƽǵڶД
Ѫħ˵ҲӵД
ԭˣ
˵ʲôʱСͷģ
˵ͯɣУ޳ДСеҲĺܣС˵ںħ֮ĵİ취Ҳֻܵȷ֮ͯ󣬷Ļħ֮ĵЧҪһ룬Ǿ͵òʧˣҶܵȣοʮ꣡
ѪħЦֻǣ㣬ҵû뵽̶ʱգΪܹزȻܹɱҵԪֻҲû취ȥˣ̫ؾԪֻҪɱ㣬ܹõД


1436 
ѪħĻǣĿľΪΪ֪ϣ˭ȭͷ˭㹻ĻȨ
ֻҪΪǿѺڰ˶ѪѪūĿܹ꣬ʵ֡
ѪĿǰʵҪһ㣬졣
ͯѪħһͶ˵ģСѪħĿƷΧ֮£ںħ֮ģֻһ취Ǿǵȵ֮ͯ󣬷ħ֮ĵЧ
ʱѪħڿճնɱСɣʵҲǶһ٣û뵽ԭûйע㣬Ȼڵع֮У˵ؾʯؾʯսʥףãǶѪħǺްôҲûؾʯ˼
ȻѪħѾܵĳڵؾԪ֮ǿޱȣДΪ
㣬ٹʮں֮ģѪħӵД
ȻնɱѪԱȻЩѪħں˿Ҫģ
֪ܻܲѪħ
ף˶ھ۾û˵Ŀǿģˣһ㣬׼ԳС
Сٻŵ߬С֣ȻǿѪħǰж޷ȷܷսʤˡ
Ҫ֪һʼֻ˵ʥز̽ȴû뵽ǹƥնɱڶѪԱɱھȻҪДѪħԵС
Ҫ֪һДǵеùʥ׵֡
ѪħӰʧˣ
˵
ڱĿѪħӰʧ˵һǸϢ
Ѫħٶ죬Д磬ڵΪʶ
棡
ˣȲµĽ绹ҵѪħķλγѪ񵶣һն˹ȥ
һȴǱѪħ׵£ȻܹýҵҵĴڣðɣҾͰ㲼ΧĽȫˣ
ѪħϱǿҺЩܻȥ䣬һ죬Ǿ֮Ѫħϵıȴѿ֮
ôܣҵȻȫ㲼µĽ磿
Ѫħ۾š
ȴҲҡͷû뵽Ѫħǿ磬ȴǱѪħײ飬Է׭µĽ磬ȻѪħ˿̵Ϊ֮Ҫǿϼ
㣬һЩС㣬еĻҪǿϼ֣
ѪħЦ
ϻ࣡
ââѪħֵѪħֻȻɿһȥ
ûвƽ絲ס⼸ܹ㵱
³һѪѪѪ񵶵ĵ֮ϣҲѸʧΡ
Ѫ֮еǧħ˻𣬡㣬ôһѪħû취ƣҪ֪ǰҿǲмһ˵ģ
ȻϹħϹħսʵľԸ֣Ҳʸ˵ֻ
ѪȻǬǧħĻԴǵƿǬ֮ЩħҲ˯һ㡣
ʹѪ񵶵еħȴ˵֮ǵԷӡ
ȴǶ˵֮ԱǣͲš
㣬ûа취ٰˣҪԼѪħ
֮еħ˵
ǵ඼䳰ȷȻǶڿʧܡ
Ҫˣǿʲôôɣ
ʵ
Щħ˵Ҳ鲻ѣǲû㣬ֻϹħĹƻ֮£˭Ըȥ㡣
ΪҪڵ֮Ѫ񵶵
ֻгѪ񵶣ǵĻޣ
ʵһϵûУˣѪ񵶵֮еҲ͸׳ˡ
ȻЩϾǳģ˲ΪǾκΰġ
㣬ǧħѾһ£ǾԲģǰѪħҪɱ練ƣรɣ
ϹħЦ
вԱУϴڵع֮УǾϣؾ֮ɱۣũߵĹ£ΪѪħܻɱۣ
Ц
ʵзŭĺܣϹħǧħ֮Դ֪ͰĻǰֱɱĻԵʱƿǬôɱǰѪħ
Ҫ֪ƿǬٶҪДС
ѪħһֱΪǲһЦô㣬ҪôԸ񰡣
ƨ
㷴յѪħնȥնʮһһ͡
Ѫħұ۱˷նһСڡ
˲ѪҺ
֮ϵѵҲǵһμ㾹Ȼ˷ǶܹѪħ
ߣ㾹ȻңԴѪͻ뻪ʥûܹ˺ң
Ѫħȵ
Ҫͱ۽ѪʷôǸҿûȤ
һһѪħš
Ѫħȴչһ㣬ٴȴҲͻƲЩĹ
ڵϡ
ˣ
㣡
ѵĶᵽɤϡ
㣬ձڣ
Ѫħȵ
ߣ¹˭֣֪أ
Цӻóһо⸱оѵ˶ǿģ֮սĲоΪоϴβŰɱޱȿֲĵؾ֮ꡣ
Ҳٴյؾ֮ø
оһֱϣҲѪħơ
Ѫħǿϼǲоȴ㼸
һһа취Ѫħġ
ѪħоѾգһϣڽ֮£һД
Д
Ѫħ㾡ҲǾȻû뵽ʱ򣬻ܼоһ
⻹ֻһоǼȫоĴţ㽫򿪡
ДҲ޷ĳ
ѪħȻе𺳣ڻңһƣ
֮ǰӣ
㣬Ҹе⣬ԭΪɱ㣬һֻϣӵ˶ȴû뵽㾹Ȼоõ֣
Ѫħҡҡͷ
µҲǸڿУ˵ûбʤİգΪۻðô
˼ǧǰҸ״ѪԱΪ˳磬˰˵ԼΪһДҲˣҵʱͷģһҪƬȫŪңҪƬȫΪѪū
ѪħЦѪħΪĿĶҲһʵĿģ㣬Ϊֹң
㿴˭
Ѫħĵһһ棬Ȼ˻һ
һףͻȻӿһ
ӰӶзʱ򣬵֮ϵĪ˶һ뾪ˣȻѪħɱˣֻʣ»

㿴ǰˣЩĪ


1437 
лˡ
ǰӰޱģĻֻһ˿¾һߣնɱ
Ѫħ˵ϸٳô
㣬ѪħбӦģ
ȵʲôʧеħ֣ΪѪֵܹס
ߣѪҪǰɱˣֻҪõоҲηеħڵǾðеħŽǲź棡
ѪħЦʱ򣬰ЩħҲѪѪūߺߣŹ񫣡
ˣѪħǷˣ
ҡͷ
ҸǸĽ֮µʱҾͷˣҵ֪ǽԴʱ֪Ҷ̾ǻȫô
Ѫħ˵˵ô඼ûˣǱȻҪٵģ͵Ҹױɣ
Ѫħ˫ֳȻ档
㶼ûзӦѪħȻ˼ֱ
һϹڸԣֱӰѸ£ͬʱ֮ϡ
䣡
ڸ໪ǰޱʥֱӵ顣
˵ѾˣĽѾ򿪣ħƬʥߣƬ֮ϣ
ʥߣ
ǵģǻ鼮еļأʥߣȲ
ߣҲʥߣϸһ˿ǣԺúÿʲôӵģ
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ǻľѪҾûиܴһֹʥߣһʥߣϹħʱڣҲΪűΪ磬ϾŻԵѪˣͬڣ
˵
ôһ˵㶼Ȼͷ˵ʥߣȲҪ֪⻰˵˵Ϊмڰ硭һûнһµ磡
ںڰ֮ߵ֮·˵Ļ㵹мš
ʥߣ
ʥߣ
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Ȼһâڲоļӳ¾Ȼ֮ǰǿ˼âҲѪħֵЩѡ
غ֮£о㵹ǺѪħɱѷѽ⡣
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ͷĵâԽԽͣһʱڽľˣǵһμʶܹÿһӣÿһǿġ
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Ҳƣڰ֮ŨҪǿ̫࣬ͻָܿ죬ڼϼҵĶԿ̼ڵǱܣߣҲʹںѪħɱУԽԽǿ
ȻѪħҲǸоĽ٣ﶼʼڣڿճ֮ûиɵ㣬û뵽Ȼɳɽز
ѵҪ쾵ܻɱ㣿
쾳һʥ⼸ѪħδʹùҲûƵó쾵ĵز
ӳնѪħڽڰˣѪħҲǱƵûκ·ȵ㣬ҵģ쾵һ⻪ʥأҪٵ
쾵
Щ𺳣㣬ɱ쾳ʥܹʹһбʧȥЧ
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£ȻֻҪѪħϵ˸յĲо㣬ûκΰ취ԵС
վһѪħʩչԪ㿳Ӯȡʱ֮󣬱óһɫâľӡ
澵ħڲо֮ϣʹòоɢĽʧ
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쾵ӵʥûκô
սѪ񵶣ѪڱﷶΧѪǶԷϵ㻹ûа취Ѫħˡ
㣬쾵ڣоӲãʵҲȵף
Ѫħȵɣ
ѪħһֱƳĵâؿڣһѪˮ
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ģҪʹã׭ûлָĻǵһȼҲҪɱѪħΣ
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ȵ
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ûѪվԭأһĽʿ
ˣ
㣬㲻ҪɣҪǴ򲻹Ѫħǿ߰
ѵ˶ѡ
Ƕھ·硣
Ī˵ɱѪħ
Ȼһʥߣǲ֮
к䣬ı飬ԭЩĵĪúİ
˲䱬һɼǿƣڱηƣʹ˲ơ
׵֮ƵҪը졣
ѹ
ĶƣДģѪħȻܹһ㣬ǺȻû㱬ôǿƣ
ŵͻȻұۣ֮һУе׵磬ƣΧȫϯС
ҵķʹԭűʤյѪħЩʧ룬֪ԼôˣһДѵηʥǿ߲ɣ
˿ֳ̱ĸоȴѪħѹֵ˼£֮Уһɫףǵɫ쳣졣
ͺʱܹʳһ㣡
Дǿߣ쳣־ġ
㵹ãڰò׵һֱӵ磬ۻصôãûʩչɱˣ
ɱ˶֣˵ɱʮ㡣
Ѫħ˵ĻɫȻţȴѾɾȻ˴롣
ȻʢŵļɫףǱʩչȥѪħԪܵĻᶼûУ
Ѫħ죬ȥ
жϹ⣬ǵɫʩչȥ


1438 Ϻ֮Σ
ԭĴѪħӶָԼΪо쾵ӡסƾĿǰʵҪԸДǿߣǶȻ޷ġ
ʩչȥѪħضըɻҽʱһ㶼޷ա
ԸѪħɥĲ֮ˣֱӺҲе
һɵذƴӲԶѪħϯѪħ˶ԭأһ̣类һ㣬ͫ׷Ŵֻܿһ伫޵ӽԼ
Ѿڻʥش˼꣬ҲǳɹДǿߣʮ֮󣬸ҪںϷͯڵħ֮ģɾ͵ڶД˵Ѫħδ֮·Ѿǰ滮˵ġ
ǣȴû뵽й滮ڽҪǰ˸ˡ
䣡
Ѫħը죬һɫâѪħϱѪħԪʩչͱըɻҽ
Ѫˮڡ
һѪħˣҲǹ˷ܣرѵˣĵĲȥӵ㡣
쾵Ҫ֪ʥȻȥûãǶԷͷӲʵ
˵ѪħһѪѾԭһܹõӡȴǱѪħ״ݻ٣
һȺħ裬پ޴Σ
Ī˵ЩħǴĸλǿɷ赲
ȻУ
ҡͷаħǱȻҪ취ԸЩаħ
һ˵ȵĻо֮ɫһƽһ𣬲ЩȥѪūʹ࣬Ҳһֽѡ
й죡
΢ĹâӱݻٵײâǲȥϸȻǺȻ㿴
Ǳȥһѵϵʯȫ٣ĹâڴһЩ
ΪǱѪħģ˵㣬ԭҵסȴѪֻʱҲǷңѪħҵˣֻһ˿
㿴ǵ΢âʵʽǻʥ
ʥ
ʵ
˵Уһλֻһ֮սĻиݣֱλڸ䣬о϶Ϊһܴ֮ţ磡
˵㣬иոóıһо£ҲһоǻУȴǱ֮Ϊʥ
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ûнףϾǻĶȻ뼯оǺȻ˿̶ȡʥʵЩ˵ȥҪǣҪǰˣСˣĵױ
΢÷׭ָ˲ٻǿԸȡһһо֮ϡ
оõĲоȥͬĻȷʵȫһ˵㣬ǻʥߣؼİҪ㣬ʥȻҲǹ֣
ѲоС
㲻˵ʥôô׸㣡
Ī˵
Ͼǻʥصһ֮Ȼ˻壬һһ룬УЩ׵ġ
ĪǺطڴˣҲͬҵľҪ֪ҿˣʥһֱΪܣ
˵ңʥߣܷʥ
ʥ
˵᲻ǺͲоһܹʩߵ
Ҫ֪о˶˵ģʥ׺ڵڲоİ֮£ДǿѪħĽڽڰˡ
쾵ļʱ㵱ʱһжѪħֱ
ʥȴǱ˵棬㵹Ǻʮ㡣
㣬оŸЧңÿһоܱʹãʥ߳⣡
ͷû뵽ʥ߾ȻôƣѾʼڴоʱۼһǵ׻һʲôˡ
Ī˵ǲӦȥ칬֪ͨطɣط峤
㼸ǰݾ򣬻壬״̬
˵
ĪЦɳǰ칬
СٻΧԣȻһֱǵжŵģ˶̬ȴһµģ˵㣬Ѫ壬ұ˸治֪θл㣡
ιιι꾫㲻Ҫɣ̫ˣҼˣĵҲ㣡
Сٻ˵
㣡
ĶҪСٻ֣ҷǰͷɣ
վһԣװûпԤһ㡣
м䣬Ȼǿ֣˵аħҪǰܲʡģ
ˣҿȫȫΪأĳЩˣ

㵹ǲһֱΣҲЦôλ߶ôգ
ҡҡͷ˶ΪûзտԵģʵϣǵķ޴ڣ
Ļ㻰¶Ҫˤһˣû˵̶ֳȣ˻ǻ壬ϣЩʧ㣬ʲô㣿
Ȳ
緢˵
ĵͷ˵һĺûȴǱһˮǺ㿪Цģںڰ磬ԼĿģ
ʥ߰㲻Ȳѵͷô
ҪĻۿ԰ʥߵͷø㰡
Ц
İСӵʱѪħսʱ򣬻ɢĶߵİƽ֮ȴǰδе컬࣬Ҳ˵û˵æôѹô
㣬㾹Ȼˣң
˵
˵䣬ԶҲǴ죬ˣˣˣ
ôˣ
ǸĪ峤ǰȥ칬Һطɵģȴû뵽û߶ãͻˣٶȣ´˿ӦûϺ֮
˲뵽ǷϺ֮顣
Ϻ֮Ϻ֮ħ֣
ܣ
˵ûбݻٶãħôôʹ
ħ
˵
üͷǺ׵ЩħǼпܱ½ϵħĿһЩ
²˳٣
˵ѺСٻҲ̽޿ռ䣬ǻһͬʧԭء
֮Ի˽ţΪѵǻˣѾȷĻ˺Ļ˵ѪͨǺڰĻѪŨȣȴֻĳң벻ͨѵѪŨȸߵĻô
ЩˣǶȻҪȵġ
䣡
Ϻ֮İգϸһ߾ʬ壬Щʬвǻ˵ģҲвΧߡ
һСɽȻڷ˻ұ۴תۼ䣬ǻӳ޴ˮɱҪӴܵĻˡ
һɱʬӺӭ㶨һ˾ȻĪʥصȨˡ


1439 ˮħ
ȻûԤ⵽Ϻ֮Ȼ־޴ˮħˣܹƳϫ̶̼֮Ϣʱ䣬ɱˡ
ٻ˿Ǻʥߣ
ǸճȻǿˮлˮҪɱ⼸ˡ
䣡
Ǽ˻ΪԼͷһЩˮײ֮ϣûа׷ǡ
лʥ߾֮
Ȼ֪˭µġ
˵ǵĪ峤Ѿˣ£ڴֻҷģȥðȥɣ
Щ˸Ͻͷ
ˮ㵲ĹȻǲˬĺܣĳ޴ˮЩˮ籬һЩӿ
Щڸ߶Щֱ㳡Ҫ֪ˮûʩչô޴ˮԸǡ
ĻڻеĻ
ȴǲӣԵĽһڻ
㣬ֹʵϣʵȻûеִʥףҲȻսˮƽˮƽʹЩҲĪǶڿ̾˵Ǻηʥ
ˮҲʥ׶ûеʵˮͽĻײɾ޴΢΢ռһ˿ơ
ɫڿˮ֮еľ޴ˮмּɵȻ˵ʥ壬벻ӦĽʧһ飬ȻϺ֮Ĵڣ
ߣǾֻܹˣ
һɫһӿˮֵסĹֱӱˣҪ뺣ˮ֮С
ӣ
Ѫ񵶱γһֱӻˮǷŻӴޱȵˮȻһֱ֣߳¡
ˮıλҪɱҰҲ࣬ˮ˭֪羹ȻʧŽϺ֮
ָҲ˿ĭ߶ۼǿͽУ¶ζǶɱ˵֣ȴǼŭλʿһҪնɱ֣ħ
ħҲклҸճϺ֮ǱΧңҲɱǣѵɱ𣿡
ַ
ʵϵĳ˵
㿴һΧЩ˵ԥҲ뵽ܿĪˣΪЩߵ߲Żᱻɱȴ˵һ˴ţһֻϫ޶ںף
ʲô
ϫޱǿ̫ܹ࣬óϫңұûбɱЩ˵ģǣںװң
˵
Ȼѹ벻ͨǣĪҲʥ׵Ϊôܻɱ֣ԭ⺣׻һֻħ
ּû˵ҲŵɲһϺ֮㱻ɱλԩͷծұаؼҿɲаħ
˵а취ǳϫô
ˣ
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ͯ˵
ޱȣ˵ʲôҪ֣
ʦ澭ֱܹħԣֻħԣĳΪޣ
һĲ鲻ԸģһСƨȻҪģ£Ӧ¾ҪЩɱ
˵ˣħһ㿴ˣɲˣ
ħΣħҲкõģ
ͯ˵
˵ʦӦ㣡
ͯϲϷŽ⣬ЩϣֵӰڵʧ
Ƿͯطɵ˿⺣ϵĴƬʬ壬Ҳ𺳲ѣĪʬ壬Щ߷߲ƽĪôܾˣ
˵峤ڰҲĪıӦɣ

ط̾˿㣬㣬ǻǷһ飬û뵽㾹ȻɱѪħ˻ʥأ
طɣȻɱѪħѪħ״ݻ٣Ϻ֮Ѿħطˣ
˵
㣬˵˵ʥߣ㵱縺ΰ
ط˵
ͷ
ЩϺ֮ڱòʵλո˵ʲôǵǺףˮô£ʲô
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䣡
ӿһźڲں׵ĳϫޡ
ƽ֮ϣȻȾһƬ
Ȼϫˡ
˾ϲʥߣε֪ǳϫ޵λãɱô
üͷûд𻰣Ȼʶ֮Уǳϫֻˡ
Ҫ֪ѾӽДΪˣֻϫһȻֻˣȻֻϫˣֲܹ׻ɱĪˡ

֮Уһ֮
һоһеȫнɱһˮľ޴ˮϮ
ǰµĽ綼㱻Щˮײ顣
⳱ϫǱ̫Ǳ۸źɱâҲҪ֣Ψˮնɱ
˵
㣬ҪҪһºնɱΪ㣡
ɫļҪæȴº仰ǷǣȨ֮£һЦ⳱ϫսթűˮ㣬´л᱾ɣ
ͷǿ㷽ЦݣЩ֣ҲֻܹСʵ̫ˡ
һˮںƽ淺Ӱǰʧ
˶ںȴͯȴǰˮٻȥȫΨһ֮ˡ
ʦ
˶
ͯ˵ҽзͯ
ͯͶʦô
ͯԴҺûмʦأ
ãã
ˮͯ˵ҲϲȻǸСƨ˵ʦȴţĺܣҲֵܹˡ
СͯոʦΪǰЦ
ʵ
ʦ϶㶯˼ˣʱʥˮ̶Ͳģ
ͯ˵ɲں¶ĶС
ߣ֪ģԭ
ţǿһαװɫһ㣬һˮ죬һֻ޴ֵӣ׵֮ϡ
Χۣˮǳϫޣˣʦֻϫ޶նɱ


1440 
ϫ޵ʵʥң뺣ףѰֻϫҲǷһ򣬲ʵֻҪӽֻϫޣҪնɱ׾١
նɱϫ֮Ҳǿ׵ع֮Уһ֡
򺣵׵ͨ
ˮͳϫޣǴϺ֮
ϣ˶һĤ״ȻֻϫǺȻĴڣȴǲѴ֮ɱУһĴڡ
ֲø˵ʥߡ
㿴һˮ֣˵ǷǴӵع֮г֣
һ©Ǳģ
ȻˣֲϺ֮ȳħϴαƻʮ֮󣬵عһһ٣еĺħܽع
˵
㣬ǺãǻɾϺ֮ӿһЩˮ¡
˵
ǣŻ󷨣ЩˮȻҲľλã
ط˵㣬ҿǻȻ
ͷ
һصʥأطɸ̤ƬأᶼҪǿʣˣҺطûһҹλصģȴû뵽ʵˣ
ֹǰ칬Ļ˶쳣ġ
ҲǴ߳طɿҲǹ˵þòˣ
طɣ㵱㱻뿪ʥأˣ뿪㲻ԹҰɣ
طҡҡͷ˵ЦˣҺطܣȻѪлɳˣĻҲᱻ٣ֻǿϧĪˣ
Īˣ
ȣ㣬ߵͷϺ֮ѾˮĪϫ޸ɱˣ
ߣѪħɵĺ£Ƭ˿̿¶ѾΣյıԵ
˵ܿᱻħռݡ
ĻȻû˵ڣǻ˶һĵģݵİ֮󣬺ܿһѪȷ硣
ǼλҲüͷ˵㣬֮£Ҳֻˣ
۾Ϊ
˵
ǣɼеȥϵɵˣǰ׼Ӧⳡ֮ս
ط˵
ǵͷŲ˱ˡ
㣬֮УҲДλȴǼѰңţ̣ڼصĵط
ط˵һ岻Ѫֻ֣ҲмДǿߣ
طɣȥ͹ȥˣǻȻٴģ
˵

ҹĺʱ֣㻹ڷȴŶ룬۾¶ɣѵ㲻֪ðƿһ˵ţһܲò𣿡
㣬ⲻ𣿡
˵
㵱ȻܻӭŮҹ˯ƿţ뷨Է֪ˣȻһε飬˵ҵȻϣҡ
㻹û˵꣬Ǵսӣϣʲô
ȻĴء
Ҫ֪ϴڽķߣ㿴ڽ֮£ңǽĻǲܱ֤ʲôġ
ҲˣֳƾҪ㣬ȴǱ㷴ְסŽͷרעģǲѿɫǣѵʲô˼
㿴㣬أԼͷˣ
˭ӽĿĲ
Сͷģ

ͯ޼ɣСˣҪĻϴһеʱ򣬾Ѿˣ
ȻԼݼʹýҲٴλԼ
뵽ϴκڷʲôûжԼ϶СͷҳһСƨܶٶأ㻹ָ˽Ů֮鲻ɣ
ҡҡͷҪԿħôܺ˼룿
ң
Ҳ֪˵ʲôϲǿ϶ģ˷ͯĻָо˶Ҳ֪㾿ҪʲôôҪҲϲԼ
֣峤£
ǵ
ȥɣ
µ㡣
Ҳǵͷ

ط峤ͼλ϶üͷҲУ˵ǴϢãź͵ǲˣ
ź͵̶ۣ֣֮ħҪҲѵúܣοź͵̵ЩДǿߣҲģ
ߣ֮ʣЩͷ˵ǽĽȴ¶ԣ
һ˵Ľ޸Ҳֻе̺ͷŵϲУ׶༪٣
ᣬʥ߱ضȲ
˵Ϻ֮ľ޴©ӿˮ֮⣬ħҪ뻹һʱ䣡
һʱԸıܶ飡
طȴ˵ǰȥ˵ɣȴ޹ǵæ
Ҳðֻе̺ͷŵ磬ĻƬĲҪ
Ŷ룬⼸˵ĶԻѾ˼Ҳϲʥߣôгǲ˼
Ѿ֪ˣ
˵֮
㣬ȥ
ط˵
Дǿߣ
˵ڰΨһĿıǻָ۷ΪѪħɱˣΨȥҸǿĶΪ
ź͵̼ȣŭ
ħҪʱǸû취ǣǵѷź͵̵Ҫ˹ˣ
ȴ˵ź͵̵ںϱ磬ô
ǵȻź͵̵ǼԵܹһ磬ЩħǶȻܳģ
ȴǵͷ۵а취磬ֻûеִД磬µĽ磬Ҳֻܳһڣ
˶Ǿſ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ˵ⷬ
㣬ûһ˿ҲûʩչôְܲԵĽ磿
ȴǵȻһЦȻûеģǵϣ˭ĵܹߵģҪ֪Գɵ壬ǿԵ
ûãͯ˯ʣʦҶûú˯һˣ㴫ҵʲô飿
ŭĿҲǽʦǲŮΪˣ
СͷԺʦҪ֪ٶ˵ʲôĻһõģ
㴫
ͯһϽ˵ˣ߰꣬š
ͯͷԼСJJڲڿϵĻ飬Сͷ澭ҲһʱˣʦҪ㣡
ͯͷ
һҲЩĪ㣬㲻˵Сʩչ𹦲½ɣ
Сͷ
ɣȴǺ
ͯԭţüͷ΢΢۵ϳֵ⣬˵֮£ͯȵգ


1441 Ժ
ҲЩʱûйעͯ澭ĳɹˣ֮ͯģһ澭ܻһߣȻʩչķֻǿ
Χȴǲŷܹͯʩչǿķ𹦣ڵǿͯüĴһӴķ⣬ǾȵĲ˲½統һ
Ҳս
طɺͼλϻãǶʥ׵ʵֻжսΪҪ㼰ʱ£¾Ҫͯɱ
겻ѣ֣ͽǲѣһˣʦͽ
λҲСͯ㣬÷ͯ½磿
Գɵ壬ԭҲҪ澭ںϷҵĵٽһǵͷִСͷȴܹʩչΪķ𹦣ֻҪʩչұܹںϷ׭½磡
˵
ǺطɺͼȴףǻǧĸҲǲ
㲢ûйͣŷͯϺ֮
ʦֻҪʩչ𹦾ô

ͷ
գ
ͯȵ
ۼͯķһɫͷͯķںϣһɫһɫ֮ϣһâֳϺ֮С
˶ھȣû뵽㾹Ȼܹʩչֲ
Ƭ̣㷽ŴӿƮȻ£˵Ѿúˣ̫ܹסѾǲˣ
죬Ȼ˵ļޣû졣
Ͼ㻹δִД磬ͯʩչķҲսʵںһֻܲʥ׵Ľ硣
㣬Ҫȥۣ֮
ͷֻΪܲДĽ磬ȲΨһ취
ʦ㲻ҪŮȥ𣿡
ȥµģ
ҲǷŭҪͷҳŮԱģ
ͯߵ˲䣬һٻӰҲǳϺ֮Ůǽ뿪ıӰҲвᣬȴҪǸ㣬ʵضġ

֮ۡ
ڰ磬ɣź͵פĵط
ԱǷţǵ̡
͹粻֮ͬвȫǺУҲв𹦵ǿߡ
ЩǿߣһȴΪ𹦵İԵڷ
а˴ԺÿһԺУһλДǿǷŰД
ǰʱ䣬һλДɣҲһȵԺ쵼վʽԺ쵼ߡ
ڻΪ붼û룬;ܾˣ
ǧǰ֮Ϊڰ磬ΪҲǿļ壬ΪгһλǿߣϹħսУѹȺۣѵΪ磬˵ȸ֣ųһµĻ壬ͱѪʴûκ֮ˣѪħҲãȵаħô˽֪˭ڰĵһ壡
δЩͿ̿
Ϳ̿ΪҷҫҲ⣬ڵ֮ҪСԺ쵼ߣΪؼ飡
ǣ

ŷ֮ͯԱﵽܹ
վסλǺˣ֪ʲôطô
סȥ·
ӭˣ
˵
ҲǷˣ
ֻҪз˭˲Ƿˣ
˵Сͷóǿ
ͯԹó澭ǰСλʦ֣ɷǽȥ
ԭСǰСҲҹأ
ǼͷûΪˣһ˻䵱˵ġΡǶҲĲ㣬ǷЩΪҪһպУ
ʲô飡
СԺԺڱ侺ѡ
Ű˴ԺҲģҲһλДˣ֮ĶڷͯڣԺ֮λȻжˡ
򣬸ͲҪ˴Ժ쵼ˡ
֪Ժܷ֮ȥ
˵
ȻҪȥѡϾֻҪڰķӵܣлᣡ
ǹȥ
㣬һŵģǴ˹ȥˡ
СԺǷŰ˴Ժ֮һ
Ҳ֪ŵһЩʷԺԺǰЩԿУˣΪ˵ȴµД֣ҲǲδžԺԺ£аħҪŵҪ÷һսΪĴڣҲǲòʱ̣µӾСԺԺ
˴Ժķˣźͳһָӡ
һ뵽㵹Ǿ̫ˣѡ͵̺磬ȴҪַͨ׷ŵҪԡ
ʵǱ̬
㶼Щ֮ԱǣĽ磬ܹάּģõ̫ࡣ
˸߽һԺԺдСԺԺд䶷졣
ûһһСξѡԺˣ˷ģ𹦶ʮҪΪ䶷ʲôʧĻǷſǸŲģ
˵
ĺˣҪʦ뵱Ժ˭ܵа
ͯ˵
Դ˵ǽȥ
Ժˣûпʼ䶷м໥д裬ǵķ㿴Ҳֻһ㣬Ҳҵʵ
Щ˿ͷͯͣгŲмȻЩƲˣǾΪʲôܹߵۣ֮ŵפ
Ҫ֪ǴǸܲκģĿڸ£ͯڵķҲ޷̽
СԺȫҪѡԺ֮ˣһʱ֮䣬зﶼˣǾȡ
һλոдսܵļһﶢ˹ЦΪףû뵽ôһȷǲӦƸɨغУ
ʦҪҪѵǣ
ͯ˵
Щһͯ˵仰Цĸ޼ɵˣһ߰ëûгСУȻ˵Ļ
ͯ޼ɣͯ޼ɣСУǲ㿪Цģ
Щ˶ЦŽŵдգȫȻʧ
㵹ҡҡͷסģѡʱһƨɣ
ͯͷ
٣ո˵ʲôأСƨɣûпЦɨغУѵǻ룬ҪѡԺɣ
һĳЦ
ǵǲͷ֣ͯϾҪЩ֮˶Ըͨˣ˵ȥ϶ҪЦ󷽵ģʱ򣬾ѡԺҲᱻ»
ͯ˵ʦΪʲôƨɣ㰡
ĪѵӦʦȥѡԺ
㿴ʦ𣿡
ҡҡͷڸûзûʸѡԺǷͯͲͬˣΪķҲ̳ȥλДڵ֮ģȥѡԺЩ˵ͨ


1442 Ժ֮
ʦҪȥѡԺ
ͯˡ

˶Ц˳СУҿ㻹ṵ̂ɣʦǸЦѡԺⲻ֪Щһָܰﶪȥأ
ҪǶȥ
ͯʵ
Ҫԣ
һЦ
ԾԣҪǶȥƨһΣ
ͯ˵
㣡
ӵڱͯ˵Ҳ˿ΧЦȺߡһҵʱ̫أˤˣ
ͯҡҡͷڿЦô
ӣͰȥɣĿȻǲģ
˶˵
ߣ
ǴӺһ㣬ͽҵģɲܹң
һģȻܹҲֻߵʵʵͲСͷĶ֡
ӵ˫ָսӴͯļ򣬾Ҫ˦ȥȴû뵽ͯɲǼŷһǿҵķ⣬ɷֱӰѴӸȥΧս֮µľѡ߶ɷˡ
Ǹû뵽ͯӴҲȫûпκηĹ˿̱˳ȥδЩǱ
㣡ھȻз
˵أǹɷٷ֮ʮǱܵģ˿ܵĳȻͯʵǿϼ֣ӵ¾Ҫըĺˡ
ͯǸˣҲЩʤ˵ո˵ûҶȥΣ
˶ĬڳĻ϶һЩط޷֮ˣǵΪʵ̫ߣ϶ʥ£ǿҲֻһսĺС
Ӹոշͯϱŷķ⣬ҲͯΪضս֮ϣһͯˣԵʦ㣬Ǹǿ
εĿˣѵҪֳ֮ŵԣһСƨɣ
ôһˣҪˣСӲɣ
ͯ˵
ΧȺݣǶҷźͷͯĵĲǣĻ⻹
ģëˣ
ƨɡ
ͯһ㣬˵ʲôߵģߣ
ͯһڴӵƨϣţŵûϷӵҲʹֻǵô˵棬һëƨɣҲõ鵽Ҫжôʹ
ڸʲô
Ժ⣬ŵĵӣǿŷͯʹӣȻŲ⣬Ƿŭ
Ҫ֪СԺѡԺڼȻķӵҲǿԲѡҲҪİ⼸ŵĵӿͯʹһĻǾţ顣
λʦã
վֱӹӭ
ͯҲͣΪ׵һ˺ȵһһСƨɣӱ¿˰ɣ
εĲ֪롣
ʦ֣СǸ֣
ͯڵķ˿̲ûбڣЩҲܹоĳ
ԭˣżд˵ΪʵǾˣҲѡԺģ
Ȼ
ͯ˵
ŵӶСԺԺ֮ʽ
˵ŵӣСԺķŵӣŵӣȻƷͯ𹦵ˡ
˵꣬СԺ˶ԺŽ룬ǷŶе￪ᣬȻҪػŵĵӣԺ
ϾԺ֮λ䵽Уָ˵ʲôء
Ű˴ԺСԺҲٵһһҲʮҡ
ЩʵߵͲƽҲмʥ׸СԺҲǰ˴Ժûһͻʥ׵Ժ
ΪԺɣʹЩò㲦
λСԺĴʦ֣ҲԺϵԺ̳ˣ
һۿȥ˳ðװ֣ʲôʦ֣Ƕʦ֣һԱ˳ŵģС˫ɨܣΨһовıǲԶķͯԾһĺӣȻһǿѵʲôɣ
ʦΪɵДΪصͽܣξѡԺҲǶϣȻҲΪԼҪЩŵĵӣ練ƣû뵽ͯĴڣв
˵СԺԺʮ꣬ʮԺҳһţ޹أǹƽѡԺҲϣһλ˴СԺԻͣ
ʦ֣Ժ֮λĪ
Ժеӵ˵
Ժ֮ǹƽֻҪ𹦣Ļһ֮ģܾѡ
˵ȵԺԺԺ֮ܿʼˣ
ԺһݴʦҲ
һݴʦǰ˴Ժһĸ֣һДΪԺµ٣Ҳǰ˴Ժ֮ˡ
һݴʦʦʦʦ𣡡
ͯˡ
⻰Ҳû˵ͯʦߣߵʦСɣСɵʦһݴʦ
Ҳһݴʦˣ
ʵ
ǿķ
СԺеӶʼעͯһëӣȻŴ˵ȸǿѵǷŵеŲɣ
ǣʦԣ
ͯ㡣
Ϊʦʲô˲õ벻ֻһͨ˰ˣ
Щ˶㵹ǲмһ˵ı飬ϾΪ磬ûȻһˡ
һֳ˵һݴʦˣ
֮УƳ֣һλϻʽĺкţվżӣΪҫۡ
뿪˵ǸܵȺһĿڷͯϣ죬СǰЩǱ⺢ͯҹģȴû뵽⺢ͯջԺ֣Ѿ߱˺ǿķɷֻ֮¡
һݴʦźŵĵӣָʾ
αĹأ˵˵
ǣ
˵ʵҲûʲô̫أ̨һ˭Ϳȥվ̨ϵλСԺԺ
СԺһ֮أΧ֮ϣһݴʦлһ⣬֮أһݴʦ˵ҲµĽ磬ڿԽȥˣ
Ŀһֱڷͯϡ
ͯƺһݴʦЩϰߣʦһݴʦǶҿΪΣ
˵ʧɢĶӣ
Ц
˵ӵôӣ
ͯҲˣǺԡ
âǱ֮أ˽ˣһ˵ۣ֮ǲɵʲôͻȥҲ̫˰ɣ
һݴʦţдҲʲô¹ʣܹõʦ㣬ǿһӵ鰡
˶֮ضԾʦ֣һʼ˵Ժֵ֮ôΪθոȴЩԥ
˵ǺͯķѵûиӦôҲҵϰ֣ţ˭ܹаȫʤ֮һݴʦĿ⣬һֱǺͯȻ³б䣡
ʲôأʦųͽһСеʦӦмＸˣҲֻǿҲ˵أ
ԸˣҴĻʮ꣬Ҳڽձһͯٵ
Ƭ̲뿪ͯ


1443 ½Ժ
֮صѾд˼ӵܵߡ
Щʵ޼оҲ˲ʱ䡣
ʦ֣Щŵʵ̫˷ʱˣͽȥΪϰ
һСԺĵӰһֱӽ֮أһƱѶ˺硣
źӵܵʵࡣ
һҲʹЩŵӶȥͯƨɵĴӸͷˣﻹеԺͷ
ŵӿһĻҲһͦأȻԺ֮λҲղŵУϣġ
ϾǿɶСԺµӣҪԺǸ϶ʶˣǻ˵ã
ʦ֣Ժ֮λ㻹ҪҪ
ŵ˵
һΪҲս޼ҲŵӵУʵԺ֮λˡ
˵ĺãŵӣʵϣĲ֪뵱Ժ
Ҫֻ֪Ҫ̳Ժ֮λܽʥǱͻʥДżܵġ
ֺôôø
Ҳ˼ֻȴǵ벶ȸںһǺͯǼ˴ˣ
֮£ԶǵĶࡣ
ʦ֣Ϊβȥ
˶ѯʵ
˷ͯһ֮󣬻ǾȽŵ鷳˵
ʦҪҵȵǾ֮ȥô
ʤȯ󣡡
˵ʦ÷׭ڵķʱҲ֣
ͯȻǿȱڳͣһ˵ͯÿʩչĴη𹦾ҪƣϷǴ˴ӣѾʩչΣ״̬֮أǿ϶޷ܶԷġ
ҪƻŵļƻҲ÷ͯ
һݴʦڷ֮ϣ΢΢ߵʵԺΪǶСУ
Сɵͽ֮ĵļ̳ˣСԺҪһСм̳ˣ
֮ĵļ̳ˣ
Ǽ˶ȵ
֮еսûгԤϣһսƣСԺĵӶЩ⣬ΪɱΪ˽£ѾǰԺ֮λ
ʦ֣ҳԺ֮λ㲻Ұɣ
üͷ壬Щ٣濴ȥȻĶţʵİ˵ʮ˴ˣרĶԸͯȴû뵽·ɱʺķ
ꡯһҲûԷн꣬䣬нڰ壬һֱָԷһȻҲⳡ˭ʤߡ
û뵽ջˣ
ҡҡͷһį飬ͬʱţͬڷܣȴԺϲΪҲԺָ֮£һǧʣҲǷҪȻѵ֤ԼĻᣬˡ
ϲʦٵԺ֮λҲȺˣ
һ˵
ŵӶȸԾ˿һСӰȴǳڱ֮ϡ
Ƿͯ˫ֺʮӷ𣡡
֮ͯʱ֮в˶ûע⵽ȵӦСڵķҲǾȲѣôһ߰СУ
ոձܳȥŵӿŷͯҲһ⣬ѹأδʹȫĪСг˻룡
ԤϣСУż꣬Ժкã
żꣿԺкã
ͯʵ
ѾʮˣСԺԺСԺҫ
ͯͷҲشĻǾͿɣ
㻹û˵Ŀأ
뵱Ժ
ͯ˵У֪ʱ䣬Ϊ˻ָҪʵڲеĻͳȥɣ
㣡
İ㿴ͯⷬģһЦ⣬СٻеСʱ
γһɢ⣬ޱȣСУʦ͵ģʱǴ㣬ɲҪң
ͯŵɢ⣬⼫ΪԵվڶЩ𺳡
ճһͯǽ֮޾Ľâ⽣âսȼҪ
ڽâִͯǰ֮ʱͯȴ۾˫Ȼһƣһ޴ӷͯ˫֮л
䣡
һضɽҡľ졣
ǿ⾹ȻĲҪ˱֮أ֮أǱһݴʦ˽磬Ҳ״ݻ١
ͯЩ˼Լʩչķ𹦾ȻǿҪ֪һֱһˣھ˺εȾ磬ҲȫȻ֪
⡭Ȼôǿ󣡡
ӵѾʼĿˡ
еŵӣû뵽СоȻһоͰɡ
⵽ʲô״ѵֵԺ֮λҲҪһСϮ
ٽٴͯȴǱһֹһݴʦ˵ˣ
һݴʦΪΣ
⡣
Ըķ䣡ͯԺСԺԺ飬һ
ӵܣһǸСӣ
˵ŵӣ
һݴʦ˵ĿΪġ
֮Ҳֻõͷʦ̻壡
ЩСԺµһԭأ˭Ҳû뵽ܱ
һݴʦӰʧǰЩŵӲ˿ǿٶЩźͬ飬ͯȴһֵֺĸܡ
ָܣǾԺôСƨΪԺܲϰߡ
ǹԺã
ŵӼʦֶ˵ҲǶͷԺã
ͯ㣬˵ʦҶòϰߣ
һԺôʲôϰߵģԺʦҪҸƯϱ
㡮Ц
֮ۼһշ壬һۿȥɽһԺա
ǲ壬Ƿʥء
һֻڷŵž޴֮˲ܽ롣
˴ԺԺ·ǳǱ֮ˡǹܹ֮ܵٶŴ
һֳǹ۾һݣǰȥලСԺѡԺ֮ôôôͻˣ
ѡѾˣ
ѡˣ
ϣͯˣ
ͯħ֮ĵķͯ
Слӡǣˣͽȴǲ֪Ϊʲôۣ֮
ǹһͯڿ֮ģͽСɣǰҪͯʮ꣬ں֮ģȴû뵽
û뵽СˣͯȻˣһ
һ˵ٹЩʱգͯķҪˣʱɾ͡
ǹüͯһ˶ɽģ
ǣһˣ˿ûаʵϣȴǿܹɫͯڣҲʲô湦
˭ͯȻɽǱǲ뿪ˣ֮ģߺߣܹںˡ
ǹ¶ЦݣһҲǵͷ֪ô


1444 ϳԺ
ͷͯڵ㱻ǹ뵽һۣͯǻЩţʦһûмأ
Ȼͯ뷨ϾǷˣҪڰ統УŵȨˣмּ
㵹ǻǹⲻ͵ԭ˵Ҳ·ͯĽܲˣϾУУһ㶼ǹ尻Ȼĵط
߽Ժǹںһݴʦ̸۾ͯãһݴʦã
˶ŷͯͷǿվڱһȻ㣬ȴΪˬҪ֪ǷͯһʦǶȻǲԺġ
֪ͯӤʱҾͱô
ǹ⿪ڵЦݺͰ
֪ͯ
ҷԵʦСڽΣ
ǹʵ
ʦɣ
ͯ˵
ɣѵΪԭͶ£
ǹ⿴һ㣬˫Ϊ䣬ƺҪ㣬ȴǺĻؿǹһۣ뵽϶֪Сˣȴͷͯװģ˿оȻԱ۶ɱŶǾ֮أ
ǹûʲôʵҲ־ȣһ˵޷ϤʵΪһݿˣȴû뵽ԼҲˣ㣬Ǻηʥ
ͯ˵ʦ̷ܽͯ汾죬Ȼ׷
ν汾죿
ҴССʦֻľ㣬һСҪȡҵ࣬ʦ𣬲ҪҲգ
ͯ˵
һݣСɿͽ
ǣ
ħ֮ĵ£Ҷ֪ȴû뵽СɾȻ뷨ҷ֮裡
ǹ˵
һݵͷ˵ļǣСѾɣҲڤڤ֮⣬ͯ»عţΪСԺԺҪúͽַҫ
̻ͯ壡
һͷתز¶㣬Ƿͯʦ𣬲֪кδ㣿
ʦҪϱ뿪ۣ֮
ʵ
һüͷ΢壬û뵽㾹ȻôʹĦ˼Щ֪ĽѾƿħҪǷҲѾ׼˴Ժĵӳȥֿħˣ
ǺǣĽʱڻʲô⣡
˵
ôܣѾѪħݻ٣硱
δ˵ꡣ
Ǵһ˵
һͽ˵崫ϢĽ类ٻάּ죡
ʲô
һݾȵ۾ˡ
ǹҲɻ󣬡磬Ҫõź͵̵ںϣûдӦ壬ƱҲܴӦѵ֮£˾ͨ͵
һ˵֪£
ϴЩЦݣȴǲδ˵һԵķͯǿڣǽ磬ʦģ
˵ʲôʦĽ磿
һݶЩ״ˡ
һֵǹ⣬ǹҲ΢΢ͷ벻ѾִДˣѹַͯҪΪʦ
Ľ磬ƣһҪںϵͷý磬ڶҪДǿʩչ
㵹ͶɣȻʱһߵִДΪľ磬ѾД̫ܹ࣬÷׭ДΪʹ㣬Ҳǽǿ⡣
һҲʹǹ̬Ⱦ˱仯ĿģҪںϷͯħ֮ģһۣҪ̽̽ʵ
ʵУֱɱˣȡǹ˵㲻ʲô
һДΪҲϾДǿ֮ľ֣Ҫӿ϶׵ģǴݾߣҪץͯǾѱȵˡ
ͯסǹһݣҲЦλʦûʲôĻ۱ͯȥˣҲ֪СӱϾҪϢܽɳģ
˵ļǣͯʵСǾȻȥɣ
ǹ˵
뿪Ժǹһж͸ɱվǹɱǿȥһ˵ʵȻѾД磬һֱڷͯԣǼ֣
ǹ⻹ڿǡ
֮ǰСӵʵһѰɱֱ֮ںħ֮ģڿҪɱ㣬ȴǼѣ
ͯѾʼ澭ʮ֮󣬿ҲҪДǿΪǲȡԺлᣡ
ǹ˵ʹֻДҲùƴ꣡
˼ǣ㣬Ҫɱ
㻹жٷɱҲƱҪںħ֮ģ
ǹüͷ
һȻҲҪںħ֮ģ˵ףŻǹ˵㣬ңŶ⴫ֻаДʵϣԺҲДټϣǹ⣬˵ҲʮД
ЩДУȻҪǹΪߡ
СԺƱػٿһδᣬȥŪҪۣ֮
ǣ
һݹ
СԺС
ʦ𣬷Ҷоǹɱ
ͯ˵
Сͷʦû뵽žȻʦСɵңһݺǹȻҪںڵħ֮ģ
˵ħаĶ࣡
ͯ˵סǺСɵ뷨һģΪ֮ģ
ͷٰܹ֮ДД˵Ҫ꣬˽ݾΪβߣ
ʦɽɣ
ͯ֡
ΪЩϺлɽ
˵꣬ǴͯոսԺչأҪȾһģ
ͯͷŶ֪ˣȹȥɣ
ȵ뿪˵ȥᣬɽǰ·ʦڣǲô
СԺһʮˣȫſվԺУǵҲǸΪŹ֣ϾҪôһСƨΪԺٶЩϰߡ
˵Ժ˶ˣ
ͯͷǰô죬ԺôɣҲûɶأ
˵ġ
Ժã
˶뵽ͯȣҲ˵Ҫûʲô飬ҾȻطˣ
Ժһ飡
˵СԺ̫ϰ˴С
˵ʦԼˣ
㶼ѾԺˣѵ㻹Ҫʦһֱô
òܣѵǻʦϳȥɣ
ͯ˵
ԺߵĻǾ뿪СԺ
ȵ
Ǵʦ֣Щ˶Ҫӡ
췴
ͯ뵽档
㵹ĺܣ˭ģ
˵ʲôʲôģոյĻҵ˼Ҳʦֵܵ˼
Ȼɣôˣô˵޴Ļ
Ц
ҲⱾһ˵ģҲɺĪһݼȻ˵ˣҪȥĿҲֻǰϳ֮۰ˡ
ʦֵǣ㲻ߣǼ뿪СԺ
˵
ʦô죿
ͯ˵
ߣǹɣʦ뿴ǹͺ¿浽ҪζԸң
ȵ
Щʦֵȫȥˡ
ǳȥûеӣбŭڵĳ˽㣬ˣôӰȻǷŵӸϳԺ
˵⼸бǹˣ⣬ãȻǹñɱǣǱ۱˼


1445 ɱ
ЩֱӴе࣬ǾȻȫɱ
ɱˣǸоДǿ߽ӽСԺ
һݵ洫㣬ɱҷŵӣգұȻҪ
ʦһݴʦДǿߣ㲻
ҡҡͷѪħɱˣДΣʦво֣Дɱ
Щˣթ֮аħҪа֣ǲɱǻɱ˭
ДǿΣ
ɱһ˻ɢһɰȻİԺʧֱ⡣
һݴʦڰ֮УһƣĿ֮Уһɱ
һݣǷ¹䣬Ҫں֮ģԺͶԱ۶֣ۻǼ֣ڣǵΪñ۳׿ǣ죬۾ۣ֮Ƿ֮УжДұɱ٣ɱΪֹ
ȵףŵڴ˿̣ƺ
㣬
һлһ⡣
ܿ⣬ȻγѪ񵶣оҲ˲ͷųһϣ˿̿ȥս
һʣ⼸ֵʱһݶ΢˵λʦֵˣ
Ӱͬʱڰ֮УԺԺһΪȻȻѾִД硣
һʦ֣ǰ㣡
λД
һݺȵ㣬վǰλДҵҪնɱ
ͯ
һДҪܵķͯ
һҪзͯĺ󱳣ȴһסһվڷͯԣ˵ʦ𣬶Ҳã֮ģ㣬ǶҪɱ㣡
ΪӵˣǾͲɱʦ𣿡
˵ЩǺڰϣǲиܿѣ
һʦ֣ȥѷͯߣ㣬ǣ
һДȵ
ѷͯսѪ񵶣Ϊڴ˿̣ҲоД硣
ɱ
Дһ֣㣬ȻһȴҲǱ
һλДۻǿɱ֮ȴλДǲ׶Ը

ֻһ㣬Ͳô˵Ҫɱǣ
ʦ֣ʵǱоДˣʵʵҲʥң
ϹħϴնɱѪħ۷һ·ûɱ㣬ǲǧħңұȰ˵
㣬Ҫͬھ
Ϲħ˵
ϴնɱѪħʱȷ˵ҪնɱϹħĻºϹħʵҲʹա
ΣͷûЩħĻ꣬ȻǰλДĶ֡
ߣŲ壬ôܺͬھ
㾹Ȼִﲻ֮
ϹħȻðɣ㣬ˣǱնɱЩД
Ƭ̣еѪɢ⻪ֳ֮ͬԪз磬лˮ磬ЩԪؼѪΧһɵصĳȻơ
ƣʹرɫɽ𶯡
ۣ֮Ȼ
⣬ô£㣬ڸʲô
Дȵ
һ˵ѵѪ񵶵ĵѣ
ǱȻѪ񵶣
ߣˣ춼Ҫ
һѪ񵶣ȻһλДնȥ޴ĵâɲǼλД
Ҫ֪ϴǧħʱһնǬҪ֪ДƿǬ
οʩչĵâڲоļӳ֮£
һնДֱӱ㿳ˣ
Ѫ񵶵ĵѣڼǲоһʦ֣ǲСӵĶ֣
Д΢΢Щ
Ƕ֣ҲҪɱ
һݺȵ
ڰ˴Ժ֮е¸أҲȵֵД磬Щ˶
Ҳǳ֣ҼԷǼҲǰ쾵˳ȥ
쾵
һҧ
Ȼһһͣâ߾ˣֱɱһД
λДһλДˣһλДȻˡ
һԭΪɱж׾ٵģȴû뵽Ȼڳ
Ϊ˷ͯڵ֮ģȻһŵД

һն£һλДȻֵѪ֮У
ǵڶДһݣ۵뿴ţŶД
ȵ
ţ
ҲȷʵŵʸѪȫʵڼϲоҪɱǰЩДѡ
һݿѪĲ𺮲٣ǲ㶯ֵġ
ʦ֣⣡
һݺȵӣҳŰæ
Ӱһʧǰ
ͯһ˵ʦǱˣҪҪϽɽ
ɱȥ
ȵ
塣
²Ѫ񵶣ǱͻȻѾД
һ˵
ǹһڴԭΪһݻѷͯȴû뵽һجġ
ŭɱД
ǧȷ
ДҲ˵
ǹ뷢ŭһĮڲ𵴡
ǹͺ¿ǲҧۣôֻʣˣʼô
ǹһ㾹ȻվǲĶˣӵ̬ȿǹˣд͸Ųм
ДȻѣǼʶֶεģȻ֪УȻҪֱɱġ
㣬̫浱ҷô
һݺȵ
ߣǷŵбǹĻˣ
ȵ
Ƿţֱħ̣ħ̶磡
ȵط䵱ͨ˵
дұ㲻ţô
ǹȵ
мһѳⳤɢŷ⣬ȵѳǷʥеѪ񵶲٣ֻѪˣ
Գ֣ɣ
һ˵
ǹ⼸λДΪǿģһΪɾ͵ڶДԣŻżħ֮ġ
ǹսʧǰɲǣ֮Уһ⳯Ϯ
Ƿ֮УžҽЩڲϣһǧžʯ
䣡
̤ڲ֮ϣһȻӳЩâͽײʹ壬Ҫ̮һ㡣
УǼģ𹦣±롣
ˣ
㿴շʥǹһԼҲǿȲѣȻնɱǹ⣬նɱДҪʹ죡
Ѫ񵶹⻪ʢһնǷʥ
䣡
һ죡
µ˶ˣǶЩǰһС
ôܣ
ʥȻȻնˣ
ŲƴһҪɱǹеʥѳƬǳĿ࣬˷顣


1446 ŷ

Уȴ̫ѣеѪǾǱλٹڰռǿùģ֮һʥǿ˲֪ȥ
ѪǵûǱֻһ»ʥֻҪһôյ֮ˣصƣ
Ȼֻǧħͳɵµ꣬ۿۣҪԸǹД㹻ˡ
ټͷĲоӳ֣
նԷķʥ֮С
ǹⱻնʥ˶ڿУҪߣϣȴǼеѪ񵶡
ϼλДⷬͲ֪룬ǵʵȻǲǰԵУҲֻǹǱˡ
㣬㵽ʲôǷô
ǹ˵
Ϊ۲ң
ȵ
һȣǹ⵹Щˣ㣬лԺú˵ҿ֮ǲʲô᣿

Цͺ¿󱾵ô
ǹ˵ֻҪϷңҪʲôҶȫ㣡
㻹Ҫͱ۽ʱô
㣬ҷ֮УЩҲۼ˲ٷֻҪԸ⣬Щģкܶ൤ҩֻҪŹңŵ㵱
ǹ˵
£һڵļДǹ˵Ҳǹͷʧ
ǻΪǹᷴȴû뵽ͷ˵ҵĻǷӦ˵Ļ
ˣ
ЩʵԵİɣ
۾
ʲôʵԵģҷ֮УֻҪҪģȥǼλД㶼ֱΪ
ǹ⼤˵
һݵ˺ȵǹ⣬㾹Ȼ˵㻰ˣλãôȥģ
ͺ¿ԭλãǺƶİ˵Ͻ쵼ˣǲӽˮˣȻСˣ
˵
ǹҲһЦȷñֶȥģڳˣҲֻһ֪һҲǹĸ
һʦ֣ѵ֪飿
λД˵
ǹʹñֶζϽСԺŵʦҲǱǹ˷ɵģ
һ˵
ʲôǹ⣬㾹Ȼɳ飡
Ƕɫ
ǹ֪˵ʲôˣ˵㣬ң԰Ǽ˵ķȫգʱΪض
˼ǣ۲㣬ղǵķˣ
㵹ǾúЦ
⡭
˵ʲôȴһֻֻؿڣǷŵУÿһДһ֮ģ̳ͯе֮ģض壬ǿģҲ˵Ƿ֮Уȷкˣ벻֮ԴȻ㣡
㣬ڸʲô㾹ȻҪҵķ
ǹӡ
ߣô
Цǹڵķһ㱻ڣȻʹ÷ЩȴܹȫתΪ
˴룬ǹȴǺȵ㣬ҾҲȫģ
ʦСģ
㱳ϵķͯ˵
ǹϱǿ⣬Щâܰ𿪣㵹ǹҪԱĮȥɣ۲㣡
һŰǹ߷ɣǹѾԱȴҲ޷ֹԼ
¡¡
һը죬ǹڲ֮ը飬Ѫһء
һݵДǹɣҲɫѿǲ֪ζԸǣ
һݣҲ
ȵ
һҲʩչ𹦵ֵȴû򣬸֣ķҲڱյС
һݣ˵ûڷһ˵ǹƾֶ֮λ൱ŭȻǲһݣ
䣡
һݵķֱһưһݺ
ۿˣΪβ
ǲ˵
ң
ȵΪָ׷ɱۺͷͯ
˵Ҫͯں֮ģ
˵
Ͽҡ
ͷ
㲻ɱǣ
ǹ҆£
ȵ
ǼλДû뵽ŹǣϽһԵܵˡ
ʦһΪҪɱǣ
ͯ˵
ҡҡͷ˵йŹ֣кˣ
ˣ
λãھţʲôҪӲ֮бĳһ㡣
䣡
ӰһڿУŲ徹Ȼһֱ𶯣ɽ֮ϵĲͺҪɳһ㣡
һը죡
ɽڱѿɽϵĲһɳ죬
ɽ֮У߳ˣ
˽ǹϡͷ
һ˷죬ǲͷ֮ϣžڿһȦأ˽δ۾Ǹҵķ⣬ȴǿԶϽʯ
֮ˣλȻսۣʢ󣬺š
㶼޷Ӧڷǿ
㿴ǰˣж΢΢ɻˣǷŵλϰɣ
Ҫˣ˵ʵǿֲ֮ٶڵġ
㵹ҲûкˣϾڲϢľ磬Էǲġ
ʦ𣬺ǲŮİְֶҪ
ͯ˵
Ҳû˵Ѿʥޣֹ٣ҪɱһλД׾ٵġ
˻δ۾ڲϢһࡣ
ݣݣݣ
һӰֳ
⼸ҲǸ֣ДǿߣǲǷߵǼԺǷŵĳϡ
Щ˵նɱǹԼһݣԭûʣֱӹ㱨ˡ
ڴ˿̣㷢֣ŲͻȻ۾ǸоڲУ˯˼ǧһ㡣
λϣǵʶܷ̽⵽䣿ѵСɱˣˣ
һϡ
λДʶ̽䣬Ƿֲˣλ˺һ޴ǰ֮ʱŲѡ
ǣ
ʵ
һƺ˵ķŭ
ķѵǼǧ󣬷ŵڵķô
һڣ𺳲ѡ
ǧλѵǷ֮еʦүǼŷ飿
һλ˵
ŷ飿
һӱĴѹôȻѾ˼ǧꡣ
λŷ˯˼ǧ꣬Ϲħ֮սʱɣ
㣬ͷܴϹħ֮սŵڶ֣ŷ飬ǼΪǿĴڣ벻ǾȻûɣȻʥʯ壬лָ
Ϲħֻʥ鳤¶Ѿмʷˣ
ʷ
Ҳֻ΢΢Щ⣬ϾľЩ飬̫ྪȡ
㣬㾹Ȼҵ£ҶľЩ棬ԺҪСˣλŷ龹ȻܹѣôͻŸϹħ֮սͨطļһˣ
Ϲħ˵ټĽ򿪣Ⱥħ裬ڰ磬ֽҪһƽ٣


1447 ɱ
㲢û̫ϹħĻϾߺ͸˵ƵĻ˵ʲôذʥ֮࣬öЩľˡ
λŷչǣը죬˷ܵӣػһ㣬ǵΧŵķ⣬⣬㷢֣ȻͷͯϵļͬɷͯЩŷǷ
ųվڲԶȻ˵Ǻηʥ
ǧûкúöأ֪磬кβͬ
Ƕ϶¶ɫȻҪȥ
λ϶˽΢ȴ˶С
˵ʲôȻ˵Ϲħ֮սʱطˣ
ǰңң
Ƕһ
˵˵ˣкβңǵҲû˵˱ӱҵʱǳս֮УҲֹˣ
˵ôʲô
һ˲м
ʥ˻һ
ϵȻû۾ȴ˵ˣ
ʥȻĴ쳤Хǰ̬϶Щ
˽Д磬Ȼ˵㣬Ӧûθڰɣ
ͬʱ˵
ʲôλǿǷˣô˵Ļ
Ƕ
ϵôˣҪҪԶ
֮ϵ۾һ⻪ǵ⻪ٶȻҪңкȻĿŲǳ
һ඼Щ̣ДǿߣȻͱ븹С
ûлᡣ
磬ʥۣ֮һμǧȥˣҲ֪һǷ񻹴ڣ
һ˵
ߣһ˵ұǿߣĳ֣ˣ
֮ϵ˵óһ⻭ӵеһޣǲоȻѾѣҪѸټоȴ֮ţ֪˵뷨ˣ
ǣ磡
Ӱԭʧ
ͯ𺳵Ĵıʦ϶ˣ
ͷгڴһڵķǲǼʶһЩǿߣ
һݺǹķҲѾִД磬ߵĳ֣ҲȻŲϹħ֮սǿߣԽΪԭ֮·ڴ
ʦȥ
̣ҵ뿴Щ̵ļһǲǺͷеһ޲磡
˵
ʵϣȥ̻һԭǾǷʧķǵ̣

֮ϱǵ̣ͷĵط
ֶķ򣬺ɵĹϵһҲ໥
λɸ֮ɶͬ⣬ԭҲҪ˻ᣬõ̳Ϊڰһɡ
ۣ֮ûеֻۣиɽ塣
ķλ룬ƣƮ쳣ǵء
ķ֮£ߴ󸱷壬Дǿסĵط
ʱɽŲؽ֮ˣʵɽ壬Ƕ̵ŵӣڶԼǡ
㱳ŷͯҲȺ˵УǲֱӷķϣֻĿ̫Ǳλǿ߲ͷͯİȫð죬ϾϿо
ǶԷҪ֮
٣ǣûмҪһɽİ
˶ԡ
ͯ˵ʦͽϵ
ʿպеͽܣ̺ͷŵĹϵɲأ
һ˵
ôʲôֲ£ε̴ģټҵӣϽɽûˣ
Щ˵һ̵ĳȥ
ȻƵţټҵ֮£ȷʵûжϵɽҲֻҪ̵Щ쵼ˣǷҲǰġ
ķϣѾۼ˼˷ĽӣǵҲŲѾΪķҵӣϽǽָоǹ統УѧӴһѧõĸо
ǵ̿Ǻڰһɣʲô˵ֻǰڣ㻹ںڰ¶ôǶѪŪ֧أ
ʲôһȺͺ¿ˣҪǲǵ̵Ķ֣
˶ڴţƤ
ʯ֮ϣ¼ϺȻôԴĻϲ
λĽǰķ壬ΪľǳΪǵ̵ŵӣҵҲǹ˲ţֻҪִ߾磬ܽǵ̣
һ仰òЩĻ䡣
ǵУȻв߾֮µˡ
һʮ˵ִ߾֮ϣʮ˵Уʮһս֮ϣս֮ϣʵװ
һ˵
ã˵ȶɽˣ
ݣЩ̵ϵʿʲô˼Ϊʲô֮ǰ˵ƾ飿ǶķˣȴǸȥⲻô
˶ȵϵʿԳµһɣ
Щʲô˵ﻹʲôʵǿΣѵϷˣˣ
ǼϲÿǶҪɱģֹⳡɱ¾ãǼǿǿ棬˵ǵȻµһɣҵӵҪŻ֮ߣˣ߾֮µߣɽȥɣ
ߣƫ£⼸ʿɱǰ
ǺȵǴûгԹһ㣬Ҳ϶Էﶯһ

֮УŲɹǾ޴ĲĴضƺһ̱ɫķϵ˿ʣŵѡ
ǲ֮ˣ˽ǹϡߣʵϣ֮ǰڷſλŷ顣
λŷΪߣ㿴ǳʧȴҲǲҪȥη
꣡꣡꣡
Ĵһ˶ڵֵɷ羢
һЩʵСߣֱӱɷɳķϡ
㿴ɽף඼ˤ⽴Ҳ̶ãǼȴЦһȺǹɽˣ
Ҳڰֻͣ޴
޴ɢ⻪ǿЩˣȴƺЩ᲻
֮˵Щ˵Уһ˵ִД磬ǳˣҲκε
ǻǲҪˣҲί˲
ˣ
ЩǵĶԻһѵֻҪˣ
ͬҲ鲻ѣֳЦ˵뷨ȫڣϾǲֻ֪׻᲻ǡ
Сʿʲôط
ڲ֮׵˿ڡ
һȫӵ˵̬ȣ㶼Щˬ˿̣Ⱪ¶ݣ򣬺һսЩԲ
̽⵽ԷΪ֪Ǻεȸǿļŵ÷СʿָˣȻʸԼСʿģǶһǰǣǵ̵ķ壡


1448 ķ嶥
̣
üħս֮ʱмλҲǶȻԭӦҲԭ˰ɣ
磬֪ǼλǷҲвоҲУߺߣ
Ų֮ϵ˵ͷ˭ûа취赲ѰҲо
ǵ̵ķ壬һǼλ䣬Ҳֻڵ̵У
̣ҲҪҳ
ŵɫţЩոŵҵҲŵðҪ֪ǷŶüϵĹ٣ڣǱļһҲѹƵ˵ûС
ʥһֱӰ˴ߡ
ͯ˵ʦôﶼǣǷʦеĲоǿɲˣ
ȴ񣬲û˵ʶһֱǿߡ
ķ嶥Ѿҳһţ޴ʥʸĲٵʿЩʿʵܲҲսȼ
ʹʵȻ֮еη
ںδ
֪Ѿ뿪ķˣҲ˵
ڣ
Щ˿־ǰҲ֪ĸڣ
ߣ
ߺȵ
³һ嶥֮ϵʮȫĸС
ǼϷ嶥ֳŵòҪιȥˣţȴҲǱ³ǹֱӾ븹С
գ۹ķϵļʮʿȫɱ
⼸ʮʿλДò⣬ϾϹħʱڣϡ٣Ҳ
˵
磬Χżɽ壬ѵǻҪһѰҲɣ
ҡͷĲıһ羪죬ʹ̵ɽ嶼
ǾʦǵҪʲô
ͯʵ
ɱˣ
˵
޿ռ䵱еҲǴˣǸϽ뿪汲˵ϹʱڣŲаЩаҪǿ߲棡
ǿ߲棡
㶼Щȡ
ʥһаǼŷ飬Ҳһа飡
Ѽ˵ٲߣץסǿɾˣ
ǿˣ
˵
˵ͬʱһӰ֮˸ЩӰУʵДǿߣҲųԽДǿߵĴڡ
𣬿ҲͺǼλŷࡣ
⼸ˣܾܿǶԷ˵ĵ飡
Ȼûб¶٣ʶһֱŷ飬ķ嶥飬Ҳһһ֪
Дǿأվķ嶥ʵƵĲһ˿־壬ǲûлţΪǱɫӰɫӰƸ죬λŷҪ
ʥ죬֪λŷķ壬кҪ£
һλД˵
ǵ̵е
žણ
üβһϣȻû̫ȴҲϳһѪۣĿġ
Дǿ߶ȵǸʲô
λȴȻ
ǲڽ˵ĹأЩСҲ˵ʸڣ
㣡
ҿڣҲֻưͿ
λДǿߣûг
λ鵭˵λа飬Ǻο֮࣬ǰ˷ţѪⲼʣȻ֪ȴû뵽ǾȻҪ׷ɱǵ̣Ǵδλ
а飿
þû˺аˣһֱΪǹŷ飬ȴǲħͨģʱ򣬱ħҪɶ񣡡
˵⻰ʱ¶âҪɱˣҲԹޡ
ħսǾǿߣǶȻڼǧǼ˵飡
һλ˵ǲŸոոԭλа飬նɱλӣǾҪʲô
ˣȷʵˣЩа飬ǲħսҲҪҷ𣬲ȻôƱأҪЩ飡
ߺȵһооɢ⻪λжЩ𺳣ǿ֮ŵĲо֮һ
ǿߣù䣬ȴû뵽һİһо£
Цܼоô֮űܴ򿪣ߺߣʱ򡭡
̣Ϊǲо
ʵ
Ȼ
ûУ
λҡͷ
ûУоɢѵûã
ǲм֮£
ȵ
Ϊǵ飬ұ㲻ɱǣˣʥҪɱǣָ֮䣡
㲻Ҷ֣ǵкУ
ҲЦڻɱǵʱоϣԶܵħ֮ս˶ᱻٻʱ򣬱Ȼһɱ
Ŀ⿴ǲһȻ˷ܡ
λû뵽˾Ȼ뷨ȻŭߺȵȻоϣǾʹˣǻټģ
ʥʧ
λДŸоΧѹһλлһ⻪ϣϱβ޴Ĳλٻָʩչķ׭һޱȡ
лʦ
˵
λʦλа飬ʲôȻ
а飬Ϲħʱڣ̫ֻλаɷŵеĹŷתɵģǾĶ࣬Ϲħ֮սʱ򣬾ǿĴʺ񣬵ĲᱻɱԣԼѪΪԸط䣡
λʦΪνղŴһɽ֮бŷ
ӦҲǾǿ߹Ϊ֮İɣ鵱У֮飬Ҳа֮飬ǴҼ伸ǧ꣬а֮ϵаܹ
˵ǣҪʧˣ
ǰλаһɱа˼
ղоȻҪо֮ţ
˵
ʦоϣܹ֮ţУʲôأ
֪Ϊ˾ǿߣ˭Ҳ
˵Ȼʥ߿ԣ
ʥߣ
ǿϾѪķӡѾѻѣڰؽУ֮ǰң类٣ʵһӡֻʥ߿Ȳǿߣһλʥߣ
λД𺳷ǳ
λаֻǱɽһǣŸǿа֣ʱͿ̿
λ鶼̾
΢ŲҲ𾪣˵ʦΪβ˵ˣ
ˣ
λДоŲλȴܹ֪
ȵ㱳ŷͯķ嶥ʱ򣬰λДǻȻиžȣǶţʵȻԶǣ

˵
ͯЩη壬ʦҲң
ǰλ飬ΪżǿƣѹؿڣЩ


1449 
λͯϿ־壬ϢͯŴıλЦ⣬ϢڸǵôãλаλȻûвΪѵã
Сˣ۴˷ֻŪѣ
˵
λͰλДԳƱۣҲЩɻ󣬶ݸˡ
ˣش֮ǰ֪˭
㣬ǿ԰ҿɻˣ
ˣƶ֪ˣǻѪħȻ֮ˣ
˵ǰЩ컪ˣҹǣ
ֻϧǺͷŶһȣ
˵
⻰˵İλДɫ˵ǵ̺ͷһֱڶ״̬ǼȻͬ磬ȻҲͬ⣡
޴
һλ˵ǧȥˣΪЩʿ˼뻹ûͣͣȲǴҵͷŶǵкκôµһΣһĲֵ
λД˵ĵͷȥ
һ鿴㣬ˣѯʲô
о
˵
ûκκôȻΪѾִД磬ǺЩӹϹħ֮ս˵̫࣡
δ˵꣬бһ漴ɢӴƣѹȫǰλДʹ಻ѣΪܹʩչǿƣλҲǸоѹȫȻû뵽ľ磬ȻеĿֲĶࡣ
ΪȻ˿̾۷廹һξ룬Ǿ磬ȴǱ統лҪǿϲ١
ʩչƣϹħ֮սκһˣ
ολ飿
ͯʹ״ҲҲǰλ飬жû˰η֮ɫ
þգƣλһۣŵͷ㣬ǿˣ⾳磬֮Ǽλ˶˿Ϊ
۵Ϊûиԭ
˵⻰ƣֹǰλДҲ廰λ飬ȻΪԳΪۣΪǻָǻ˵ã
һλǿߡ
λͬʱ˵㣬㲻ǻ嵱еʥ߰ɣ
ʦʥߣ
ͯ˵
λДλ鶼𾪣û뵽ʥ߾Ȼǰ˵㣬Ȼʥߣͱռооܹ֮ţֻܽȲ
Ѿоλаһ䲻
˵
Ѿˣ
Ծ˵ҵ֪ĸоֻҪȥúѣ
ѣҲҪõ֣
ں˹У
񣿡
ʵ
񱾾һоУʵǺǿԣҲһþǿߵľѪڣӦѾգ
˵㣬Ȼвǿ󣬵Ͼһڵо޷ѻʯ
˼ȻŲоλа᲻֪ʵȻǿǹȥ磬㹻˵ģ
㵹Ǵ
λЦ˹Ӧûڣ
򣿡
һϣһֱĵ̣Ӧûѣ
ͷ²˳٣Ҫȥһˣ
㣬ѣĽѾ޷޸Ƭλᾡػã㰲ȥռо
ͷͯת˲ʧķ嶥
ȥ磬˵ʦĽ޷޸𣿡
ʵ⣬ⲻΥ
λ̾Ϣ

λԤϵһλаΪ˴ֱӰĽˣǳЩħЦǵʱˣǿȥռɣ
Щħһѷӿ
磬Ҫȥ
ϣǸһһо
ǣǿǲĶ֣
ߣ

УĻ̻̣ԭ֮󣬸߹ط峤ܹάּ죬ȴû뵽ûϺ֮ѾΪˮϢˣǸߣֻҪ֣ͱЩˮȫɱҲ̶ã
峤λϣǺã
ʵ
ԲӦɣϺ֮Ȼˣط϶ҲħҴܣǻ󷨼ӳ֣ҲźùһЩЩħʱֲǣ
ط˵
طɣȥɲǰ취ЩˮһֱͣϺ֮ں֮߶ǲСĴ󷨵ĻأǻΣˣ
һ˵
ֻǵҪ̫ãĻǻ治һܹԸЩ񱩵ˮ
طҡҡͷ
˴˽峤峤²ˮȻƿ󷨣Ǻܿͻῴʥˣ

أ

ЩˮϺ֮ţǶѰʳͺжһ㣬ǿ֮ϻһطȫȥˡ
ЩˮżֻǴĺϺ֮ģǿˣ
࣬ЩħȻѾͽǵڣ
ǳЩ˻ȥ
ʥصе󷨴˿ҲѾһľȫЩˮȥ
꣡꣡꣡
һЩˮЩǿľɱ
Ȼҷ
ЩˮУȻмģһԱǺȵȻľһΪҲѾִʥףʵǿ
Щˮ֮УҲսΪ֮£ߣҲֻкطɺͼλϣܹӦһЩˣͲЩˮĶ֡
ط˵ǱˣҼսף
峤ҿɲҪʥ壬ûһث֣
ȵ
طɵͷҲûж˵ĴѾͶԷˮ켤սˣʥأһƬҡ
ΪһЩˮעȻȫתƵˣӴŮû뵽ʥĺᣬŮˣ˭Ҳ
Узݣ˵ѵ͹ô
Щˮһʱ֮ȫҪץסҲû뵽ЩˮȻһȺɫߣȻ֪ԼЩˮĶ֣Ժ֮УҲǸֳӰ
ֻһɳ죬ҪӲסΪģֻ֮Ȼں׷٣С˶ͱˣΪҵŮˣЩˮˣ
ȥ
βһ˦ȴǱԸܿӴû뵽㻹ͦҾϲ־ӣ˼˼
ЩˮҲԺҪץסǱٶȣȻûܵĿ졣
һ·׷ϵʱȴҲǿһϹӲԶǵϹ磬תۼŮԣȵЩˮӰ֮ʱֻһŰ棬뺷һţʹЩˮͣڰ֮УҼ׷ȥ
羪һţȻǸо


1450 ǰ
¡һ죬Աڵ֮ϣ۾ȻҲħڵ֮ϣʹչӣͷգŮʱѾΣȻεĽ쳣ƯŮһڿУ飬ǵĿת§Ž˵ʱȻһŭ𣬡ģ㵽˭һң
׻ոΪʲôһžͱߵ˵ϣ㷴Ӧʱ䶼ûС
§ŽƮ棬Ц˼ǻҪһţ
ȻվЩˮ¸󣬿磬ʵϣҲûжٵףϾոǰ˿һžͰϴȥʵôһ㣿
С࣬Ϊô㣬ոֻǡ
û˵꣬һŰ߷ɣԵײ˻ʥص֮ϣȻӻ
ȫ棬ѪģȻɱԣȻѾԪ
Щˮȫס죬ǿ㻺Ҷ
豩
԰ôһ仰òٻ˴Ϊ񫣬ȵ࣬㵽ʲôɱô㣬УڶħǶѾҪֵģ
ЦΣ
ˣǡ
˵ȥڿɱ˵Ŀ֮󣬻˵ɱңǺĺ˹ˣһұģ
ɱأ
ûӡǣҲ
˵
Щˮŵù𰡣ˣҪɱǰҲòð
ûж֣ǲ˵ûκʳеħֻնɱԷʳԷ⣬ʹӣܹˣҪǺ˹˸ǲҪ壡
ЩˮѪʷûадĸ綼һǿʳֻǷʽ̶ȲͬˣⱾ淨ûʲôͬġ
ҲûоҪɱЩˮǵʵ̫ǿûмʱ֣ĴԼطɵʵܻɱǣֻĵʱҪһЩˡ
ǵúط峤Сڱ۵У
˵
𰡣ɱҰҲǿˣ
Ȼ
ǸƵģ֮ǰˣ˵ǱֺãۿԲɱ㣡
㾡ܷԸһȫ
Ȼͷ
طҲ˵㣬ɱЩˮҲ壬ܽ类Ƶ⣬ЩˮɴǻʥغһֿħɣʳǻʥصУ㹻ģ
̫ˣ
Щˮͷ

ˮ˰ʥصеһƬҲʹǵ滷ԾҪ֪Ув˺ϵħ
ʥصУطüͷ壬㣬ûа취ô
û취ˣ϶Ǳа鳹ƻˣԱĿǰΪ޷
˵
˵ʱ򣬽һֱվԣվҲͯŮһ㡣
Ҳ⣬ǻʥأЩˮܳѾҳһƬ
ط˵
ͷλ˵ֻҪܹռоܴ֮ţȲ
Ҳǵͷ㣬ǻʥߣذһܹȲģ
ĸоǺ˹УҪ̸򣡡
򣿡
Ƕˡ
ɲǰŽӳ֣ȫޱȣǳ˵硣
澡ħȻҲһЩǿߴУЩ˼١
˵һҪߣ
ϴŷͯ뿪סûиȥΣɲһ˴⻪ʥء
ͯ
˵
ʦǲҪ𣿡
ͯ˵
գǺ˹ҲһǶúôڻʥأ۰£ͻǣ
˵
ߡ㶼أ
Ǳ۵ޣ
ҲԳΪޣ
֣
ҡҡͷ
޿ռƽʱѾˣСٻʱʱľͶﰮ⣬Ŭǽδ죬ڰѽŪȥ治Ҫս
ɲУɲ뱻Щ޸
ûڻʥضãҲǱӺϵ˺۶ˣ˵ϴҪȥϣ
Ǻ˹飡
ƢɲСͨ󣬶Ǻ֮ǣУ
膪£
һ˹ȥ
ϴҴϺ֮ȥ
˵
ʧڻʥصУǻδõӰʧ䵽˼㡣


ͬǸ硣
ҲǺڰ磬ֲĵط
ûκε壬ֻʵʵҪ˳Ե
ҲһΪ壬Ծں壬嵱УȻϽɱġ
ֻڴдͻȻֵһצɱûκηӦ֮
˵ϴЩܶΪͼħһ㶼ǳ䵱ʳõģ
ԵһֻܣҪҪһڡ
һ˹ȥۿɲԶģ
ϻҪȣаأЩˮܴȣҪʩа˯Ļ
ȻЩ뾭ȡ
ã

һ·ϣҲǿħгķȥƺһߵָһ㡣
ҡҡͷϾЩħ̫࣬޷ȫֹΪ֮ƣҲֻѸҵо
λɽ֮䣬ݵĲ࣬Ｋɭ֮УڲͣǳѪڣƺҪԲעɱ
ЩϴЩѪһѪһҲִД磬ҿɲ뱻ҧ
һ֮У飬ֹһѪ𡭡ǲη壬ϾڵΪҲѵִД磬ڶДҲﵽңѪ񵶵еǧħѾ꣬ҪնɱЩѪֻǷַӵ顣
ŵĺܡ
ڣڣڣڣ
ÿһѪжһ죬ǵѪڸΪţȻһȥҲҧϰߡ
ޱȽţĬңңҡһ
ɱ
ЩѪŷһſݣѪڣڵҹյУһ㣬

׼ȷ˵ǳԳϾУԵɫɱΪ
ѽ
ŵû


1451 ս
ɱĿ־ûЩѪͣͰ룬ʹǵŵĸٶȸǿ硣
һŰ߿Ѫ񵶵һ֮еѪնɱ롣
ܣ
ЩѪﻹҼ֣ûĶߡ
㵹ûȤ׷ЩԵߵŵû߷ɵԣҡҡͷ⵨治֪Уôôõģ
һ˿ɲȵģ
ų˵
һԾϣٴμԱϣ·뾡ִϣ
ϾλаܿѾǵĿ겻Զ
ϵǲ˵֣ٶȻǲҷŵ̫죬аûĵطǺ˹ܹаЩˮ޷;ȡ
ˣ
ֵӺȵഫһһ죬˵ϴܾܿа
˵꣬ǿңԶʣһ죬ǱҲʼѪĽѤãֳУɱһ㣬ʹĶˡ
꣡
꣡
ͣҲһۿȥһֻӴħǰڵϣϵľԪȫߣҪλҲԵͷҧϣҡ
ǼħԳˣ൱еДΪǿҧаǿֲ
˵
ΪмֻСԳ˶ܵȥļħԳԣƴ˫һֱżħԳ˵ʬ壬Ƕʬߡ
䣡
һѪ嵱еˣҪЩСһǶߣȴһϹЩСԳˡ
أ
СԳƺǱЩŪĸӺˣǶҲ㵽ǲǻˡ
ԸϽ㵽һԣʵϣҲΪǿаϾаҲĴڣɲһДǿ߾ܻɱ˵ġ
ʱܵ׼
Ͽ֮УһеѪǰΧγһ޴Ľ磬õסЩ
࣬㾹ȻҴҺȣ֪
һ
֪ֵΣ
ȵ׶Χɽ𶯡
ɱֻħԳˣһֻһֻûг꣬벻һǿȣ⼫ħԳʵ̫Ӵ󣬱Բ꣬㲻ͬ㣬κθ
ֻħԳˣ
һЩСԳ˵ĸĸ㿴˫˸۾идûиĸԱУ
޹ġ
ȵǾ͸Ͻɣûûɹа
񣡡
һɫӶʳ֣ʮ׳Ҳ߰ףþݣΪ֮£ĸʥȣҲֻһ׳ĸоͲͬһָĪĸܣڰڵͣһҪĶ࣬һֲ̫أĸܣʵҲûвǰǿ
Ҫ֪ʥʱڷſɵДǿߣ׺Ӧòǰܹġ
ϣɫ㲻ԶİУȵСӣӿУӾߣоȵħҵҲ⣡
Ҫʧˣ
ЦսѪ񵶣һն˹ȥңһɵصƣǺȻҲҴ⣬޴ɢһֿ֮
žžžž
֮Уը
ԶԿĶЩľսֹٴѪҲڽⳡսûйȥ߱ɱԡ
𵴲ΧħҲǴ˳ڹۿ֮УǸսȵİĴս
ʵΪӽڶДеѪ񵶸ʹˣ㻹˺ͶԷĲС
аеаϢͨħģʵͳД磬ӵʮλДۼһ
Ѫ񵶺ʵǼѻɱģҲܣȳ۳꣬ħ֮ս⸽ħ˸׽ȣ򣬱Ϊ
ֻޱȾ޴ļħԳˣѾܹ˵ˡ
Ȼ㣬ȴû̫취һְ֮ʵǿЩǿ֣
Ϊһ־սۣȴû뵽ϺȻ֮ŵ⣬ͷ֮Ȼһ
𾪣ѵǡ
˵оȴǿһâѪ񵶵л
âޱǿޱȣܵĻᶼûУֱӱâжβ
꣡
Ѫա
Щֵħȵķ㣬ȫû뵽ǸˣȻһնϺβ͡
ۣţƣ
һնβţϽͷܣȻ֡
ϾŲоӳ֡
꣡
ܻúӵһк۾
Ѫٴ˳

ħڵ¿ڶѪ
۾ҵ۾࣬㣬Ҫƴ
ǿʹ࣬ɢĺЩ߱ɱκДǿߡ
ǺȻɱ㣡
ڵԱȶʮДҪǿ
ױ㵲Щһٴδ̴һֻ۾
ʹڰ֮Ҳ̶á
㸡ڿУѪȻһǺӱڿͣͲ
һȫڣ
ϣӿԾ£аھа¾ǷڣҲҪаɣñ۾ߣǼᶨҲΣգ
ʮλД
Ų٣λДǲڻµġ
һҲǱһ죬ʶţԭһЩħڻɱȻͷϴһЩ˶ҪᵱϺȵˡ
оЩһֱһԵѪǣӴⳡУռơ
ŵðܵģղɱвѪҪɱܵķɿ졣
ЩѪ𿴼ԸȥҲǲҼ׷ϾǿǶǿеġ
أ
ЩСԳȻ϶Ÿ׵ʬ壬˵ɱܸıʲôǵĸĸˣǲʵ
ҪԵģҲп޾ɱ¾
СԳߵĺܻʬأһһӡ˵ǿ߼׾ҪԵˣϾСħûиĸıȣȥ
Ĭ
ϴ㿴Ҳ׿Ƶ飬֮ɾȲħ
˵


1452 Գ˵
˵ûСԳʧȥĸбɱֶ֮࣬ЩСԳŸ׵ʬ˼֮󣬱ħܳǶҪɱԳˡ
Ƥۣ۹
һЩɶħҪͷ߱ɱСԳˣȴǱСԳԵĽѪ
꣡
ԿӰʧ֪ȥʲôˣȻһɱ
ЩСԳƺѾɱ¾˾ռߣʬ建š
˵ϴǲҪȥôⲻ·
£
ȵ
ԲҳСԳı֮£ҲǵִĿĵء
һħĻþСԳԭܾòſǴþþ֮ԷſЩԳϢĵط
ˣ
һĲԭ֮ϣԳ˶ڱţϷţǿСԳŵʬ֮ʱкȻȫءĿš
ֳУҲˡ
ûжԲ⣬λԳлǾЩӣĺܸлԳһֱ峤峤ԭЩСԳ˳ȥŷ磬ȴû뵽ᱻǺ
жǱˮıˡ
㿴֮صҲģЩԳ˲ٹӣЩԳˣҲسȥɱħŻȡʳ
ҲһΪرĵطɡ
໥˽֮ЩԳҲ˵㣬Գ˿Ŀռ䣬ҲʹܹɧţûԳ˵Ĵ죬ħ޷룡
ͷ
˵ҪԺϻ첻ȥˣҾﰡ
ѾԳ˵ѣӭӭ
Գ˶ͷÿͣ峤Ļʽϣλۿ峤֮ҲõУ
ͷûоܾ
ҲһܳΪɫ˷ܡ
Գ˵ĻʽǼ򵥵ĺܣλԳʩչġ𡯣ʬȼգλԳ˹Ĥݿһʽɡ
ʽ˵λһҪ£Ҫһ
㣬㲻Ҫ峤ĶŮǣԳƱزֶأ
н
㵹ҲʥˣȻЩСԳ˲ûڴʲôôкôǲаƴǵġ
Щڴ
ԳľУ˵ǽ˶Գжͽ
ӹľУľȴһ㣬öľ򲻿δЩˣԳ˵ҲԳ˵˼ɣ㣬ľţĶ϶ʧģ
ƨ
ˡ
ǲǾǴ˵еڴԽߣʧԽ
룬֪һ֮ˣһѱﶼûС
ҲԳһ⣬ҲõͶ
뿪þ¼ԨԱϣԨڶΧħûа㺦£һ·㶼Щ֮ԱǵСǰ
˺ȣܹӦþеԨصһ㣬ȻԾУϴǺأԴӺ˹ںϵײӡ֮󣬱ٴǺΧǿţڿûжħҴǵ⣡
ǻҪȥ
ǲ˹˵ľ
ûиΪʲô
˹˴Ƕ˵һ仰˵飬ǾͱҪȥΪǺͳǧĺ񣡡
㶼֪˵Ϊʲôƨһ˹ȥۻ㲻
ϴ󣬺ŮģҲ裡
Ůģ
зŹ⣬ȴ˵ŮΣŮҪԼҪס˵ݣ֪Ůܵô
㡮㡯Ҳǵͷϴ˵ĶԣҪϣԺҼ˲˹񶼲
飡
ƽ֮УһˮˮûԣˮʧһٻӰ֣ŮĸģҲǺʿ
ҡҡͷĿҪϲ٣˵һŮɣ
Ů˵ôˣ˹˲Ƕȥô
ҪŮȻһ࣬㷽ǷȴǺȵƨ°үͻ٣
ӴӱΣ⺣֮ϣǰŮˣ¶ЦݣŮҪߣååƽʱװ𣿡
㿴ɧģһŰ߷ɣһģȵŮʿҪأƯŮʿ
Ůˮͷࣿ
ͷ
ֲ˵൱һʿһˣԲԣ
˵ֻҪѪˣôѵģ°ϴҲ߯˰ɣ

ҡҡͷʿеٮٮߣ
Ѫ
Ծ
ŮˮǱסϾòǸߴ˧ֻӰ۵ĲѡһŮˣĶ֣
Ư
˵
𣿡
ѵ֮ǰû˸߹㣿
ŮһȻѾ֪м꣬ûˡ
룬Уɱˣºз绨ѩ£ǰˮȷŮǷ統УҲǲɶõġ
Ȼû˿ѵɧ
ϴ󣬿˵ɣ
˵
ˮŮ˸ۣһˮԣֱӽԻף˵ӣǲǲϲ
ϲ
˵
ǾͺãǾͺã
ŮˮЩˣӣǲҪ£

ͷҲ˹˵ģ
Ҳ˹ˣƢɲãͣһλǿаãûм
аѾ
Ůˮͷ
ҸҪһ
˵
ôҲһ𣿡
Ůˮ˵꣬ǳ뺣׵ԱǸȵϴˮһɺǿǡа飡
û˵꣬һܣת˲Ҫɱ
һץֱӰǹɺҲơ

ԴŴ㡭͹ˣǿ϶а飡
ãа챻˹˾֮⣬϶ҪӲҿɲóѣ
Ůˮˮס
ҲܲԣҲȻԾˮס
ˮ׵Уź㿴⺣ˮоȻһֻֻˮʬ嶼ƯȥЩʬ嶼аúɱûзǿֲʵ
ҲãǼ縡Ϻͱаɱ
Ůˮˣӣô죿а龹Ȼɱôĺˣ


1453 
ŮˮҲֻܿһ߾߸ʬȴܹ״˵⺣׸ѾûһֻˮˣӦȫаɱ׵һĵطǵطһ׳ǱӨ͸ûʣȻǺ˹סĵط
ӣǹűܽ룡
ΪΣ
ǺԾסĵطκ˲ܴţֻ
аѾǱűǺʲô⣬ɲҪң
˵
ˮ⻰ҲǾᣬǱű
ű㶼ܹһŮ˶סĻ£Ǹһļį
ˮϢڸסڹűߣᱻ˲
ܿ죬űڲ졣
а飬ǵΪű㶼ôô
Ȼŭ㣬ȴǼΪֻѾܹԺиֳŮ˵׳жˡ
Ůһ߲ܵġ
ߣ˹ˣһپܾҼ棬У
аȵ
оǰ˶ɱˣа飬ǲΪҳ˯̫ãͲɱˣ
˹ˣЩˮֻǵͼħˣǰһºأ
аЦЦҪ֪ǶǶܹϹħ֮սˣǿѣ
ѣûɣ
˹ˣʵҽҪ̵ģ
а˵Ϲħ֮սǿ߾Ѫӡλǿߣ´˿̶ѽ⿪ӡǵںδ֪ǣǿߵΪҪϹħ֮սʲôȴҲһ֪
˵ȥ
ҵ˼ǣֻռоܴ֮š
ҪеĲо𣿡
ҿɲҡֻغϹʱڵܣŲ˹Ҳܺɣ
ҵȻ棬û˭Ϲʱڵ棬ֻȴҪԼռоȻ㶼ѾˣϱȻһоɣ
а鵹˹˼ˣ˹ˣλаһоֻоϣ
ʱûд͸ɱˣ㵹
аһ˹ˣѵɱҲɣ
һɱɣ
ҵġꡯѾطֻһֵıˣɱң
ǳ룿
㵹Щɻ󣬰֮ǰĹأˣǺܳ飬а飬Ȼ˵ȥˣҲûжϵ
˵ʲôǰˣֻа鱾һְˣ
㣬Дǿ֮ϱǡ顯ˣ顯Ϊ֣µ֮Ϊ飬ȡ֮ħµ򱻳֮Ϊа飬ɵ֮Ԫˡ顯磬ͻǵѾյ£ǻǿԷȥֿܷ
Ϲħ
ϹħĽͣ㵹ȻֻаѹָҰԭֻһֵıǰˣҲԼں˹УĻֻаҲһǰġ
䣡
һ죬ʶٴ̽ȥʱаѾ˹ɱˡ
һ
аҲֻһСˣҲ˹жô
ŮˮҲа֮ǰĽк˵ǸϽ뿪ű򱻲˹˿ǿҪģ
Ѿأ
㵭˵

Ůˮһȣǹű֮УӯĽŲȻǺ˹
˹ˣ
ˮҿǰϢŮˡ
ȴǲȻĿһֱ⺣˹ƶʣŮ˼ɫ磬һˮۣǰž޴ɫʯʹزλ쳣ϸ֫·һ־§סı֮Ҳжõġ
ߣģ
ޣֻܴϸоʣãĮŮ˺ȥˣֻҪУ䲻ء
˹ˣ㱻а顭
ɱô
˹˵
ˮҵͷ
ѵ㱻аǿ鰡
㵹˵
Сӣ˵һ飿
㵹ǿⲨ˹ǰɱ֮ˣοˮȷûиɳκζ飬ЩŮ˾ҪԼαװ˭ǷһĮ˼㣬ʵȴˡ
߽űһűҵĸоһʯװɵʯһǶѾЩ޿̵ĺ˹ôһӣôѹô
˹ûпڣһӣһɫâŵʯ֮ϣʯ̳ҪǷӦҪˤڵϡ
ˮľսģǧҪŭ˹ˣҲֻ·һ΢ᣬҲﲻʲô
ͲСģܴ΢Цô
˵
С
˹ٴҪɱǰ컬Сӣȴ˵Ҫɱңɾû˲о䣡
˹һû̶㶯֣֪о
ҵȻ֪ǵˣлһо
ܹսĲо˳ɫâȫǺ˹Ҳǵͷǲоֻһϵһ滹ĸо
һλаϣҲã
˵ҪоҲûʲôã˹˵ģ
Ըң
Ȼ˹ĺҴСҪ׷ңԸţĿľҪ˴֮ţô棡
˵
˹ϾҲŮˣһһѪӡ˼ǧŮˣ⿪ӡûм죬һƨĻɫ滺˲٣˵֪ҵ³
Ҫ˶ҶѵĻҪ
Ц
ˮ֮Աǣô˼һһ

ϲԶһʥλаڲ֮ϡ
ڸλ˵аˡ
ǲ˹ֱͨ飬ûлᣬ
Ҳֻ飬֣δ֣
ʥˣҡҡͷ
磬ǸǺã⺣˹еĲоȡģеĲоų˯ħõеĲоǲźüռ
оħսĲоһδʹùĲоħ˹еĲоҲһЧǾǳ˯
ȵĺǱо˯ġ
ȻԷʵԽߣоҲԽǺͺʵʵ̫Ǻ˯˼Сʱ
û㹻İɱǻǲҪ
˵
˼ǵȴʱ
Ҳ̫ƽɱôˮǵʬ帡ں֮ϣ϶ǻħעģʱЩħƱΪڲңߺߡ
벶ȸں󣿴̵
ûгĿ䣬ǴЦݣʥʵУ߱ɱһȺϱ߷ȥħɱڡ


1454 ҹ
аԤĲûдȷ鷳ˣˮʬ嶼ħϷ֣ЩħУżΧȽǿƵ塣
Ϊǿһ
ˮű֮У˹û̫ţȴܹܵǰȥŮˣȴŲٵġ
űУҲֻͲ˹ˣҲܿ˹Ѿ㵱ĸ
˹ҪηħĽô
˵
ûк£
ҡҡͷֻǡ
ֻʲô
嵱УѣǾ鷳Ķ࣡
񣿡
㵹û뵽嵱оȻ񣬶ȴò˹˵ǣȻʵڲ˹֮ϡ
ϹʱڣΪһ壬ȻվһߣȴŹ磬ħйᣬϹħ֮սҲ֪ûӹȥ
˹˵
˵꣬üͷһ壬ãħѾִϣ
Ҳʶţ֮ϣȷʵΧŲħ
ǵĿԶ׼ҪԸġ
֪λǺ˼ôħһִϣ
ǺһԱͽΪδ֮ǰƹк
ʲô˼ߣΪǲ֪Ǻҷ׷ףҲͲǴʴˣɣڵ㻹мֽ飬壬Ƕ̣Щˮٺ٣
Χϵħ岻٣ʵĻҪ塣
ѵ֪Ǻ岨˹ѾѣЩˮǱ˹ɱģǺ壬ʹˣ⣿
ΪҲһͳ˧
Цˣ˹˸ȻֻڶȴԶ׼飬һֱôңϵеˮűǻϲĺܣΰˣҲֻҪű
˵
ħҲȵ磬Ƿô໰ˣɴֱɱȥ
Կ
ȵҲһȫȻ޾ģں꣬һΪȻûдﵽ磬ľ绹Ǵﵽ˵ģȫҲһɰ
嵱еİ˴ǸǿǳʮДǿߵʵ
ǣһЩҪֱħҲкǿʵ
ۺ壬Ȼǿ󣬵Ĵ󲿷ˮʵձ鲻УʵͶԷԿҲֻѻʯ
˫Ҫս⻪ȴǴӺ׻ͨͺ˹Ӱں֮ϡ
˹£˿Щϵ𺳡
˹ˣ
˶Ĥݵ
оͰǺϴԣȻĲһţվǰᱻħɱ
˹ͷһѱɫҲ˹ҪɱеˮҪЩں֮ڹˣ
ں֮ڣ˹㾹Ȼں֮ڣ֪Ǵʱ壬˭´ôߣ
˵
˹һ˿ɱǸо˵´֮ӦþҪ˵Ļ廹ӦǰôţҪɱģ
ôˣΪֻǺ嵱Ҳеģ
ԭڿЦţȴû뵽˹ֻȻһۣͬҧһ㣬Ȼһ˲֮ʹڵϴ
죬ǰλǿҪԸʱһԼͷѾڵϴҲ𾪲ѡ
ħҲŵЩ¡
֮ԸΪ˵˻ԳԲŹһ˺壬ʱ˵ֵܷˮʬء
Ҫ֪ˮζǼġ

˹ȵ
ڵʹϵǹɾʹû˵˹ϾҪˣ㵽ʱ׼ȡ
ֻû˵ڣ㱻һɴ͸ؿڣںԱˡ
ⲢǺ˹ĳ֣ˣ
ҲǸо⸽һλǿߣȲ˹ڵҪǿ

䣡䣡䣡
һӵϴȵ˿ģ֮ʱһֿ־ɢ
ȻͲ˹
ޱȾ޴Ӵľ嵱иɵôӴһ·ͺһƶСɽһ㡣
֣зźɫâó鲢̫á
˶ĵͷȥ·ӭĵ
ֻոնɱ飬УȴǺµĺܣԼ˶ɱǶ´ǶɱǿǺã
˹ǿмǧûټأ㻹Ư
ҹɲҪңҲþǿߵľѪϹħ֮սģһģ
˹˵дϷʡ
ȻϹħ֮սֻ
ҹ˵ֻǳս۵״ȴǲܸ㣬֮һˣңܶˣ
أ
䲻
ҹ˵
ߣҲϹħ֮ս׷ʲôֻǣǲ˸ϣҪȡ
˹˵
ô˵ȴ֪ޱҪ֪Ϲħ֮սݣŮ˾ĿķǣʹҲһԭΪҪͺսһȴû뵽֮ȴǰġ
˹ѵ֪ҵôǰҾͿʼ׷㡭ֱ죬Ȼ겻䣬ϣܽң
仰ʹħ۾û뵽ȻΪǰϵģǺȻֻǵҹ׷˹ֶεеˡ
ǶԼǱҹˣֻ֪Ҳ޿κΡ
ģ
˹˵
ߣ㲻ңǲΪСӣ
ȵ
˹ûг
Ҳû뵽˹ʱȻѡԹۣŭڣұ۵ѾһսǸͷ޴ޱȣʣһȥһɽҪ
Ҫ֪ҹӵ
һ𣬡СӣҪʶʶ
һͷ£һҵ㣬磬ܶܣֱýܷ񣬵ںڰ磬ʵҲָһ֣ͲĶ֡
䣡
ƽ涼Ǿ޴ը˻ˮϯҪڳĶЩΪħ¶ҪЩըĺˮ
ҶһĻҪ˲ɡ
Ȼˣ
ҹɻԭΪһֱģû뵽СӷӦٶȻѸݡ
ҹҪնһʱȴǱ˹ˣһҪʵϾҪռоҲ³һܶ㿪ȫǵҹûʹĻǶȻûлܿһġ
ˣҹҵѣɱⱲӶҪκιϵѶУ
˹ȵ


1455 ֮
Ȼаܹܿҹĵڶȴǲû뵽˹Ȼȣһ˼ƵķʽһЦ˹㲻ǳ
˹ǲ㣬һֱҹҲǲ˹Сӣֻô򵥣
Ҫ֪˶óͲ˹վһ飬һɲŮòϣǲ˹͵ҹվһ飬ǿŮҰˡ
ҪѰҲо
˹˵
֮ţ
ҹȡ
˭֮ŵлʲô
˹˵
Уֻ֮ʥ߲ܴ򿪣ռоҲûа취
ҹ˵
ֻǴ˵ˣ˾ǿߣû֪оںһ𣬻ᷢʲô
˹˵ҹѵͲ֪֮ŵоʲô
ҹĬ
ȷûĸǿ߲֪֮ŵнʲô
Сܸʲô
ҹʵ
֪о䣬ңҲһо
во
ͷôҪɱңѲоˣ
㡭СӣΪ˹㣬ͿΪΪŭңھɱ㣡
ˣǲҪˣоһоλаУǵʵҪɱǲѣֻǽоںδ
λа֪
˵
Ѳ֪Ӱ
һڸ
ŵ
üͷһ壬ҵˣ
˫ȭȻأӵһֱ죬ץסʲôһ㣬ȵӣ
ֱһ飬Ͳ˹û뵽ǣǴֱֿ۵лץסһˣ˱λа鵱еһλ
аȻҲû뵽ᱻҹץסŵЩʧ롣
ߣϴնɱͬȻûҲʧһֵı㻹ҴڸΪЩõô
˹˵
а˵ǲҪѰоôλаǵ뷨һģҵǾôҵĿļȻһ£ǿǾأ
ƨ
ҹȵʲôΪԼħô
һоһ֪һо䣡
а˵

˹ʵ
ڤУ
ܣ
ҹȵڤôܻ䣿
㶼ţڤΪβܻţ
аʵ
ҡ
ҹЩˡ
ڤǱȻϹħ֮սģҹ㵽ôӳģ
Ҳ֪
ҹ˵иɹЩʲôǵһɶˣȷȷʵʵǲħ֮ս
һǾǿߣ
˹˵ֻܹǵļ䣬Ϲħ֮սֻһ󣡡
еȣղ˹˵Ϲħ֮սпܾһϷϾħ֮սĵҹһμ䡣
㴫Ѫ񵶵Ϲħ㲻ǲϹħ֮սôе׷ʲô飿

Ϲħ˵ֻǵҲϹħ֮սҲֻǵұǬշȴ淢ʲô
Ϲħ֮սǸԣ
а˵Ҷ˵ҵĿһ£굽׷ʲôȻֻа飬ǵһȼǡ
û˵꣬㱻˹һƻɱ
꣡
Ⲩ˹ֻǿ졭
˹˵аһѱض׷ǣȥڤˣ
ˣ
ҹ˵ڤħˣ㲻±ɱ
ͲҪ
˹˵
ҹվԭأ˹ҿɲ鷳һǰȴУףˣ
ȻҲ֮ŵлʲôҲԼȥðգϲ˹Ҳ棬ûϲָԸΪ˹ȥĳ̶ȡ
Ͳ˹һ·ƽϵԴϴҪǵûң
Сܣ
˹һЦ
˹ǵһǰЦ΢΢ı飬Ҳ˵ôûŮЦ
ֻոյЦڰʾʲôô
˵
˵Ҳɱ㣿
ҡҡͷҿɱа˧ˣ᲻ã

˷ٶȼ죬תۼһɳĮ
ɳĮҲǼĺܣһ޼ʣ޶ѿ
˹վɳĮ֮ϣ˵㣬ǾɳĮͨڤıؾ֮·
ڤʲôط

˹˵ֲͬڵؽ磬Ƕһλ棡ڤ統Уʹã
Ϊʲô
Ϊڤĵ̣ħĳֽ磬˵ҵ޷ʩչ
˹˵ǿ˶ηĵط
㻹ҽȥ
ʲôҲڤ뿪֮ţ
˹ŵ
˵Աһ
ҡҡͷ
ʱʵڲУҾ͸ڤʥ߲ͳˣ
˹˵ҪװһŶ
ţһװĺģ
ͷ
ɳɳĮһ޴Ļ裬УɳĮеĻҪսɡ
ɳĮûκޣգһЩϵħĶһԣŻֱ˹ϵǹƸŵò
ڣ
ֵ˹˵СĴֵɳĮЩܹ³ڻЩڻޱȣДǿߣҪֱ
ôǿ
˵꣬ɳУһֻֻ˳̫ûм·һ㣬˷ܣ㲼½磬˫ֻûϹ⣬ȻƬžžžžЩȫնɱ

˹Цˣֻһ˲䣬Цݱ㶳Ȼʲô飬ȵʥа飬һֱں棬Ҳô
һ
ʥλаڰ֮УͲ˹һҪ֪ʥޣʵɲǺܱġ
Щ㶼޷ֵǲ˹ȴһˮЩ
˹ֵնɱˣӦô㣿
ˮűҲ˹ɱһεа˵
˹ҡͷҿΪЩа鶼ϲ뱾˭֪аǰˣǿϧ
ߣֻҲ˼˵óڣ㣡
аȵΪ˲ҴҲ۷׶Σֻһִ߱Ƕ˺ټϲһ
ҪôǲӦҲûˣΪҪĶ
о
üͷһ壬˹һս޷ˣ
磬ľҪòо
Ҫܲ˹ֻòо
ǸΪ̫󣡡
ûѡ񣡡
Ͳ˹һǲо˶Ϥоգɢǿ⣬ǿϣ
˹оϿյĵһӦҪ׳ԼЯĲоǣȴǷ֣ʹòˡ
ӣ޷
һλ౻סˣҲǿ߾ȻĬȻۣϵĹâͲ˹Ϊһ壬ƺ˴˶ö
ѵоЧ


1456 ָ
˹ǲоҴ綼оסˣ
аЦڣ˿ɾˣ
˹ƵĺܣΪԭԸа׾٣ȴû뵽ԷȻһ׳о̫У߳воҲǲ˹Ķ֡
ڿɺã˹ԷסֻД磬ǰһֻа飬ԼһֻʥĸǾɱĴڡ
㿴Ų˹ļٵģҲ˵㵣ʲôҺȲƵã
ң
˹¶һ˿ЦСҲ̫̫ɰ˰ɣ
Сӣ˵ʲôҪȲ˹ûɣ
аЦ
ã
Цжʱһ澵ӡ
澵ɢɹâ쾵˹һ澵ӣһ쾵У
Ȼ֪쾵ãܹʹһбﶼʧȥ
а鿴쾵ڰ֮зų⻪һâ֮£оȻӿе
˿ߺͲ˹ӵĹҲʧ
˹ŴԭҪʩչɱǰλа飬ȴǷ֣ڵȻǴڷӡ״̬
⣡
㿴һ𾪵Ĳ˹ʼ磬С㲻Ҫңڻûаɣ
˹Ĭ
ߣоΪӡԷʱ֮ڣҲʩչ
Ҳ˵
аҲ˵磬Ϣ£ʩչо֮һͽˣ
㣬뿪
˹˵
ҲǾֻǶ࣬㱾ûаԹһ塣
㵹˵СҪѳô죿
ʶ˵⻰ʱƺˣۣСڸʲô
Ѫ񵶰γ˸⣬оҲͬһʱʩչа鿴Ųо־ϲҲ˵оʩչֵãȻܹõо
óоʲôã㲻аĶ֣߻ߣ߶ûˣ
˹˵
һЦûηа飬Ȼ֪˿ΪͶԷСвֲ࣬࣬Ҳ޷ֲ
ߣСӣȥ
алһǿһДǿֵܹס
ҲûֵѪӰһתۼڰ֮лӳ
Ӵڲоļӳ֮£жʮД
Ǹץô
аЦȻϣȴƺûаָо
㣬һһДǿߵ㶷ģ
˹˵
㲢δйУҲûйѪ񵶷£˲ɢǿҵϹ⣬ȥ
ôҪͶˣˣ
а˵
һλДǿߵô
˵֮УͻȻ֮žҵΧеƺ֮еиȥһ㣬ԭҲȻס
һףȻҲսȥ
ڣ
ƣԿһ㣬ƺֻҪԸ⣬аͻᱻ׹ؽȥһ
Ƕû뵽ڴ˿̣ܱʵ
˹𺳣⾹ȻǴ˵еף
ܣôӵ˻ذ
аȻЩ
Сģ
˵﷭
ߣ
׳ɫȻײа飬ڲоļӳ֮£ɫе
һǿ⣡
߶סҫ۹âȵ۾һа龹Ȼʧˣ
ˣ
˹оЩɬ
ʥԭǴУδǿ־졣
ȻһԾֱϲߣ
ʥչᣬķɿ졣
ѷƣĺ˹ʵôӵ׵
Ҳ֪
Ȼǿ߱ʩչףΪֲĻҲɱа飡
ֻԶѰˣǷжʩչĻ¾ûκôˣ
Ͼһξġ
ΪʲôողҲɱˣ
ҡҡͷΪôʩչôڵķ׭ûг׻ָܹʩչһףѾǲˣ
˹ͷû뵽㻹ҵ
Ǹֵиˣ
ЦЦ
λаλλҲشʱ޷Ͳ˹鷳ģ˹һλаͷͿˡ
ȵӡ˹ڵָ֮˵㣬ӦҲ̽Ǹе˰ɣ
а黹Ҫǿ٣
˵
ţѾҪִľˣ
˹˵øղǳսʱ˲⸽Ļǳû٣ǿɾΣˣ
û٣
Ų˹壬ŭڿʲô
ŶûʲôֻΪ˵Ҫɫ
˹һۣǸ·
Ҳʾ˺˹ΪǷš
ɳĮΪ˷ٶȾˣҲٰʱɳĮֻǰһٲٲֱ£֪ͨδ˵ٲкĳֽʣ
ϴǦ
˹˵
˵ڵʹõԭɣ
ʵ
˹ͷڤ統Уһⲻܹıģ
һâ֣˹Ҳһץһλ˱ɳĮ֮г֡
Ҳѵô
Ҳһλ飬ȴа෴µ顣
˵ͷǺ˹ˣ
˹ͷ˵ǻµһ顪ţǻˣƺҲڤ磬Ѿкܶûг
ã
һֻͦЦģԷ˳ϿңҲûнҴϾѾļѰЩ黹ǲҪҴĺá
񶼽ڤ統УѵҲҪռо
˹ͷҲȥ
ŵͷ
ߣ
˶ҪһԾµʱͻȻڵѾʧˣ
ô죿
ͷ
ֲҪڤ磬Ƕǲʹðģ
ٲֱ£Ҳмǧߣ˸ߵľ룬ˤȥֱˤˣ
ҲԣֻҪһٲУ嵱еͻʧΣҲﲻ㰡
˹˵
ҡҡͷٲĶˣһı顣
˹Ц㣬ԭָ߰
ҪҴۺôǱݵܣ
㱾Ϊ˹ܰıһȥģȴû뵽ļ򣬡֣꼴Եұ㱧ȥɣ
Ľʺ
ûƿڴҪǺһһӵȥԺﶼӰģһְƿﻹ˵ֵܣֵ㣬ܲŶ
ԭأ˼˺ðûŪΪʲôŮܲףȵӦҪĴ֮ʱȴǷ㾹ȻܰץŲ˹֣һȥ


1457 Ƕ
ι㲻ǿָ֢ôôȥûˣвӦŮܲô
ӵٲܸߣڿС̸˵ˮ֮ϣֶе
֪㣬аȫУ
ڿвͣڲ˹ϼȥȻ˹ǰĸǰȫеԴͷ
˹Իδĸ׽˵ʵҪ㷽žȹҲȻĺһ⻰ͦĵġ
ҲǽһȦȦȻͨڤ硣

ڤͺڰһǶһռ䣬Ҳħأڤ˹ȫȨƹܡ
ڤ統У߲ʩչѾִǿߣûа취ʩչ
ڤ統УȻҲܹȡԴģǾǺЩڤеһڽǶУս
˵˹ˣڤ統кҲ֪ӦȥѰһˣ
һһִҲûаģڤ˹Ӧ̽ⲻǵĴڵģ
˹˵
ȴصĿΧһУ˵ȻҲһΪİĿռ䣬Ĳͬʬһ㣬·ϣûа飬òũһĲӣͷȵΪҪũʱȴǿǾȻһϻȥ
⸽ĺܶط
Ҳһȣ⡭
ڤ統Ϊ͵ȵĴͷûκʶֻɱˣ
ɱˣ
㾪ȡ
Щͷܹ֪˭⸽ˣֻҪˣǱһϣ
ɱкôɣ
ǵȻɱһЩͷ߱ʶΪڤʿ

ڤķҲڤЩ˵ķСĵ㣬Ͼ˵ǿĴڣ
һ·ȥ˹ȴǷΧĴͷͲƺһ˹ĪȣûκǾȻǣ֣
˵μڤɣĻһֱϹתĻģ
ȻΧĴͷҶԸʲôԭ򣬱Ͼڲڤ磬޷
ʶţȴҲֻܸܵһЩǿڤˣڤ޷ܵ
ǰһǶ
˹˵
˹ˣ㲻ûǶɣ
ʵ
ȻΪڤضִͷôҪǳڤԱûУôڤҲҵ񰡣
ŵͷ˽ǼΪĽǶ

ǶַǷȫûһĴͷǶڤǳ˵㣬ʵУÿ˶һƿȵģڤ統кܳһĸƣΪԣʺһ߿Ƕһߺȡ
˿˽رĿں˹ϵʱ򣬶зŹ⣬Ϊ˷ܣЩһµĴ˿ڡ
Ů϶ڤɣ
٣Ů㵱Űɣ

Ϸ˷˹ȴƽˮƺֳĺܡ
ǶУЩڣȵУҲвִߣЩִ߶ڤʿʶ۲ǣһ㶼Д
Ҫ֪ͨһڤʿД֪ڤ統Ƕôֲһ顣
˹Ҳ㣬ЩڤˣǳȥˣҲûκģȻǵִ˿ֲʵڤܹڤͺڰ紩ˣϹħ֮սҲ޷ȥ
ǶѾʼǵ͵ڤι״ʵǺǿֻ߾磬ȴǷ֣ǽǶУһʤ֮ڵȻһ
ѵڽǶսĺô
˹˵㣬ǽǶӮһܹ㹻ڤЩڤڤԴ
ǱҪǶеִДľ磬źжĻڤһ棬죡
ΪДлڤ
ȻֻҪǶнΪД磬ܳΪڤʿھϣڤ
˹˵
˹ˣҵˣֻûһôԸЩˣ
ƾ
˹ȵ
ƾ
˵һȿν׵İɣ
ǶУÿһΣܹ
վڿ̨ϣҲܹ˹ߵǡȥȻ˶ͬһصС
ܿ죬Ⲩ˹ıˡ
Ȼһվ̨ϱǺХһƬЩڤﶼڼУǴδŮһ
ò˹ǸڤЩˣ̨Ѿ˺ģôƯŮˣӮ֣
Ҳݣ֣ҪǸҶŮһëȥ㣡
˹۾ԷĻţҪȨɣ
Էһۿ̨־ͷ
˹սʤҲǿڤ벨˹塭
ŮҪһֱڳϾͺˣǿɾˣ
ÿһ˹ĶֶĲսܣȻЩˣҲֻʧһЩڤĺͲ˹սĻҪܵľп̨Ⱥ峰
սᱻһЩǿļһȥ̸̸ġ
ȻŮȨ
ҲڤǶУôΨһܹսӮôೡΨһӡ
ҡҡͷǿһߣžͱȲ˹Ķ࣬ȻûκǺڻܹʹһЩЩɹսʤһЩ̫ǿĵˡ
ȵڵڤԵִ߾ʱҲ˱ȽǿڤֻҪһ̣Ҳǰг֣ŻΪġ
׭Ī⣬ⳡڵУȴҲ˷ס
ÿһܻٽһڤǶ棬Ⲩ˹ҲǶе⣬׷ʤʮִД磬ɹ뿪أ
̨ʱҲǳԾ㣬ôûȥ
ʵôǿȻҵˣ
ҵѾִД磿
˹һʵ
Ȼ
ؿڡ
У˻ڵڤģûеִД磬ᱻģ
ڤľҲǶһЩҪɻصͷļΪ
ŶҲǲģ˵֣мûнȥĻڽȥüҵʱȡʤҲֺǿҪˣǶУƺҲһӮģ˹ˣǱǲ
˹ͷҿɲսŮȨ
㻹ǵһο˹ɰһ棬Ůϼį̫ˣȻ˿̺СŮһҸ
Щڤﶼ˵ŮԺǻȥģ
ƺȷĿ㣬ʼ磬һνģ˾Ǿ֪ˣ


1458 ׹
ǶһԣһͨͨУڤʿأǿˣüͷһ壬ˣ
ŵͷѵܽȥô
ȻԣԱҪД죬ûܹڱһֱӮģ
ʿ˵
·
˹һʹֻДڤȴȻڳƸ졣
ʿЩ΢û뵽ϢŮƾȻǿͲһڤǿܱġ
ǹȥȻгٻǵڤֻҪƭˣȻᱻ
ʿÿ·
ͨ꣬һΪտĳأر߼ܹһʿڱϰأ˵ǾϢʱ䣬ʱ򰡣
Ϣ
ȴҡͷǿɶ棡
ʲô滹еط
ųԾ
˹Ҳǲ⣬ЩߵĺܣѾסߣͬД磬ô㿴ĵطǻࡣ
ǿܲڤյλã
˵
ЩȻڤʿסĵطҲܹЩһ壬ȻγһǿĽ磬񱳺һڤȽϻҵĵطĻҲܻ硣
û߶ԶʿʹԶֶһ½ʿûиɣ
⼸ʿȻЩţҪ֪һҲֻһʿ
ȴʵǵʿȥˣ
ִħ񣡡
˵
棿
˵
ʵДڤӦǸоģ
ǼʿҲмӣûкһ
Ǻ
˹һֱ㣬ܱеĻҪز٣ӵвоһʩչ׻ɱа飬ոաΪӦöһעǷ˵ļһ˺ģǲ˹ȴΪ㣬ء
һʿָһ񣬡סĵطˣӦûǺܲģ
ҲǽУȷʵҪϲ٣ֻǺڵĹȣǾ͸һȼˡ
ǶָսˣҪȻˣ
˶û
ལ
ڴʱ⴫ǼʿǴ𶯣֮سˣ
֮أ֮ĵطͽ֮أ
ź
ȵʿʧУ˵Ҳ£ɴȥ֮ؿɣ
ɣЩʿǲҪȥ֮أǼյĵطأ
Ž
㣬Ҹȥ֮أ
˹ȴ˵
ͷ˵Ҳȥˣ
濪ڣͨ磬磬Ҳֻĵ磬˲κǼʿ˵֮ء
ð
ҡҡͷأӦŴƬħ
䣡
ɱ
ˣˣϽţ̫ˣǲǶ֣
ܰѾˣ

㿴мԼ߷ƺӵ˰ȫطǲһЩ˵ļһֱӵȥ
ҽƶӣҽƶ
һƵüһﺰ
мʿڤЩԱ˿ţЧС
һѾһϢҪ
īֳ٣ô
ȿȿȣ
һڿںѪ
Ҳ̶á
٣ǶΪ
ЩҽƶӵʿͷȥھΡ
˹ȥƿʿһϹͷϡ
ʲô˭
ЩʿŭĿӡ
īֳٵȴ˵ӦûҽīֳٵѾ
˵úأ
㵭˵
ûа취
ɣ
īֳǱϽţˣһʿ𣬵ͻҷīֿôãҲӲˡ
ΧʿʩͷˮҲǽŵĲҳ´㡣
Ȼīֳ٣УΪ硣
źͲ˹Ҳһֱ㿴˵˹ˣôܱǿֱ󣡡
˵ڵķ׭棬йذɣ
˹˵
ȣ
īͻȻӾԣ˺ѷΣЩʿҪһ㡣
㵽вУ
Ͳסȵ
üͷһ壬еϹҲǽʧһ㣬ǵĳپҪȥүˣ
һ㣿ʲô˼
ѵȻīֳ٣

īƣ۾ǰһƬ϶¶ЦݣҾ֪īֲôȥģڤ˶ϼһǰģĻˣղǣΪҪأ
һԵ㣬ˣң
ͷ־ٲһĻ±Ҳ޲ߣ
īֵͷҲȥģˣ׹ǼһûУ
׹ţ
źͲ˹ͬʱ㿴񲻶ԾҲ׹˭Ӧþǻ
׹ŴһΨһĽߣǾȴٶȼ죬ʵȺѾ˵ٵʵˣϽţɲһ˿̻ûг£¡
˵
һ׹Ŵһߵģ̫ˣ˵ҪɱϽţڤˣҪ֪ϽţʮʥޣȫǱ
ȫǱΣֻ׹̫һˣһ죬๼
һҲǺȵ
㻹Ǽ׹ʵǿ˼ľλã
īֺȵ
ƨھô꣬һֻһµļһܹҵľλã̫Ц˰ɣ
ҡҡͷм
ǴУ˭ôһ¡
ǵģڤ磬ΪѰ׹ţȴû뵽ȴǴܲѵϢǰһˡ
û
û˭˵֣ǵĿ⿴ԶﾹȻԳһӰ
˹ӰһȣΪԶ˶ȣΪ㣬һ֪׹Żŵġ
뵽һʶôǰǿ
Һɫͷ۾ɱͦΣȻ׹ųõǴһģıҲǼŮˣֻڤ統еŮˣɾʵǲֵһᣬһߣ߹
׹ţСӾȻû
ȵ׹߽īֳһЦݡ
϶㾹Ȼܹȥ㱨𣡡
׹ŰһϽţһϽһľȫոɾ
𾪡
ЦţȴǿȺźͲ˹ϵЦҲȻֹô
׹ţ˭
ǰѣ
׹˵
źͲ˹Ҳͷ
ߣһȺں֮ڰˣ
һֱ׹Եĳǲм


1459 ˲
Ϊɽڤ統ϵһˣҲѾˣξһ٣пܾǹɽƫƫڹϣ׹һ㣬ճ
̶̲һµʱ䣬׹ڤͣ򣬰ʮϽţ׹ŵǹƥɵսԺգټϣ׹źڤʿദǢΨһǷȱĿҲֻǴڤʱ䡣
ҲǹɽΨһ׹ǿĵط
ɽ֮λ׹֣֮ھдĨ׹š
˵˭ں֮ڣ
˹ȵƴʢʹǹɽһ𾪣ô׹Ҳ˺ͱٽʲô
˹Ҫ֣ȴǱ㵲㳯ҡͷ׹ż˻Ҳ˵ħѾϽɣ
λʿŵͷص
ǹɽҲȵľҪĹأֿԣ
˵꣬ˡ
˹ȵ㣬㵲ҸʲôΪʵ½Дû취ŪǸ
˹ɽҲǺǵģȻ˵
׹˵
Ǹոձ˵īɶźУоԼЩ࣬ҲǻصԼûжµ˼
׹ŵֻаڵˡ
ţô׷ˣҲ㲻Ҫô
׹˵
ˣҲ㰡
ģڤ磬Σҵĸ

в˹λֵΪʲô
һ
˹˵
ڤео
о
˹⡣
ÿһоħڤеĲоҲĺܣܹת
ʲô˼

׹˵
׹ŴˣѵȻ
ô
ʵ
׹ŵͷҾԲܿȥԲԣҪҷҪʹѣҲҪ
׹ŵỨ
ҲһˣȻΪռоڤ磡
⵹Щò˹ˣ׹˵˹Ҫռоɣ
Ȼ
˹Ұʮ㡣
ûõģ㲻ʥߣ
֪
Ȼ֪ԴӽϹħսˣеھǿߵжǳ΢ʵ㲻ʲô
׹˵
𾪣ǿߵжǿȻһ˵Ҫ֪ںڰ磬ѾڶǿߵķˣȻھǿǰ磿
˹˵ΪˣҲҪȥѰ࣬ҿҲ֪ħ֮սʲôɣ
׹ŵͷѵʱ򣬹ħ֮սļѾʧˣ
ģ
˹ʵ
Ǳһλɱģ
׹߬ȭͷ
Ƥɱˣ
˹š
˵ʵ֮ϣҲΪʲôҪΪʲôɴɱң
㻹ǿ
˹ţʵжҪǲģٱȲ˹ҪǿڻƤɱ˵ģ֮١
ֻôˡ
ȻħҲпܡ
ֻǣǻȥնɱ׹ŵˣ
ҽڤ磬ϧһдҲҪõڤео
׹зŹ⡣
ּᶨĿ⣬ʹò˹˵ȻĿһ£ҲֶԸڤˣ
а취
˹ҡҡͷʵڲУҲоҲУ׹ţҲֻҪоˣ
оǵ֣Ҫˣ
׹ҡҡͷˣҲˣӹһ٣
˹һӶԵִľ磬㾹Ȼˣ治֪˵ʲôã
ҲǴĺܡ
׹ţǳˣǼѳһ£
ҵĵôѵҪǵʵɣ
׹źȵ
׹Ŵ磬㲻ҪΪѰҲ֪ǹɽˣҪΪЩˣʲô취
ˣȥͶ˵Ȼ
׹˵
ˣ˭
ɽ߹רŸӴ˵ģûеִД磿
׹ŵĵϾϣܵʲô˺
ˣ
˵
˵У˵ʵ׹ĵľ㣬㻰Ҳ࣬ҲӦڵڤǿȣȻǲ˹ѣ׹Ҳö˵ʱСĲеĻǱൣˡ

ɽϴģ׹Ÿǰ²̨ߣֵһúóͽļѣʯһֱƹܣֻҪ˵ûǾһû
ҲҪֻ̫ҪŪһˣҪˣ˿϶зģǿˣܳ飡
֪ôˣ

ԽǶнǿߣǾʿҪ֤顣
ܿ죬ԵĵطΧڶʿڴ
꣬Ǵ˶ųɵִДڤļһҲ
Ȼô࣬׹ŴһˣȻѣ˵Ҳأ
ţôӴ

߽Եص㣬Χֵ̫ЩоڣֻһͼĲ԰ˣôˣӰ
Ǻأ
˹ŭ
ǰǸ߸׳׳ڤһּʲĿⶢˣʱ򣬾Ȼͣ࣬Цôǵĳٻϲ˲ɣ
꣡
˹Ц
㣡
İԭ˹ޱ˷ܣɲΪλŮԵţȻöԥ
ҪŪĸأ
˭֪ʱ˳
ģȻЦңŪ㣬Ū˭
ǴӽǶ½ļһ
ǿɲǼһ
˹˵
úúãǿߣǿ˰ɣŮ
Ƕˣʲôﰡ
׹˵԰ɣһĲԣȻôĥ䣡
ߣ
ǰһۡ
ģЩԹĸоƺ׹Ƿһ
ǲʯִДǿߣȻид
һöʯͷƾոǰ
һָŮʿȣ
˹ɲⶫǺʿǸ¡
ּΪϸ⻬ֻ֪֬ڤʿ۾Ź⣬ǴŮ˵ͺñŮ·
ʵϣ˹Ҳڰ
˹ַʯͷ֮ϣʯͷųɫâʶĿյ˵۾Щʹ
΢΢ͷʵϣǲ˹ûйԳƲ˹ˣϾŮڤΪȱٵԴ
ˣ
˹üҪֲҶˣõżȥ
ŮˣƯ˵ôиԣ
ܶ˶ġ
Ѿ˹ΪڤŮˣͲûбںֱӽгˡ
źܿҲͨ˲ԣûκ棬Ͼġͷ˾׹ſɾվԱߣҲɪ
Сӣˣ
ָŷЦ㣬гŭƺҪֱ˵֣Ǿû


1460 ɽˮ
㿴һڶЦĶǣΪм
ɽվԭأƺѾ֪Ҫ̡
ڤʿƺûаϣϾǰĲ˹ѾǵעԼˡ
֣ʹ˴ºͷʩչڤ
ҲʹǲʯȥͲ˹һДڤ
ξȻλǲ˼飡
׹ŵѶ

׹Ҳ˿֮Уڲĵľ㣬һʯӦǹˡ
û
Ǻȵ
һʹڳ˶Ŀٴξ۽ʯϡ
ôû
׹˵ǣⲻ鷳ôûĻҵôͨģ
Ҹǵʵ˵ûû
˵
ɽһЦ
׹ſ˵Ҳˡ
ڤ磬ҪûйĻҪģС군ˣ˭ãҪɽˣ
Ҳôһ¡
ߣԾǵѣ㣬ߣҿҲҪˣа취ȥ
˹˵
ȷа취ĲоΪĳ˯ˣס
ʯҪܹأ
ȴʵ
˵˾͹ˣûף
Ǻ
ˣ
ٴ֡
һΣ˵߶۽ڲʯ֮ϣɫâֳžǱɳɫɫأҲڵ
һһļڤ
׹˵
ѳДڤ
㣬׻ǲ˰ôô̬
ڤһ㳤ٵĶҪң

ǹɽ۾ҲԲû뵽㾹Ȼôǿֱǳ
ž
ʯȻը
Ŀһ䣬ȻӴȣǲʯȻ顯һڰ֮ըˡ
ţ
Ŵ͡
˹վԣһĿɿڴı飬һô£ѵڽǶУǿڤԭ
ǣ⻹ûйô
׹ץסǵƤƳɵȵ
ǻû뵽ˣͷһ۹ɽһɸֵģ˵ɵɵ֪Ըţн죿
ѡ˸ӲȰ
Ǳ˵īֳҲվ˵ǣ̫ˣ⼸ûĸ˿԰ѲʯⱬģⶼûңʲôУСӾҵҪٸ˵ƴҲҪˮ
ɽŶǵͷ뿪ֳ
æ˵ˣˣ
׹ɿӣģҪٸ˵֣ɱ㣡
ŵó˵ϣΧЩʿЦı飬һҪɱ˵ģȻû£ģȴǼǵҪн㣬ε档
׹Ŵ㣬˹˻صƺлһӵĻ˵ˣǹɽʲôְλΪţȻǹ㣡
٣
٣
ţȻһ£ǵҲ֪ڤĺܶ飬Ϊ٣٣ͨʿٷΪǷΪ֮ϣǾһЩȨ˵磡
˭
׹ҡҡͷѾ֮⣬ֻرħʱ򣬲ŻֵĴҵҲûжʣϾڻûһرħ񣡡
ʲôȼ
Ƕ٣ʵϻû
׹˵ֻгΪ٣лļһｻҲܼڤԣɽŻǣٹ죬ٵҪˣ
˭ѡģ

͹ɽ˭ѡļʴ󣿡
ɽ̫ֻ˲һ£һԱԺҲֻʿаˣͷǲҵģ
ֻɱɽ
˵һü˶Ƭ̾ȵĻ
˹˵һһֱʵԭͳД磬ʵɱǹɽ²Ѱɣ
Ⲩ˹Ȼ֧뷨ϾҲͦǹɽġ
㣬ɱˣͷ֪ˣҪԼ̵ģʱǲҪǰˣ
׹ſԸ𱬣ʵϣҲ֪ʲôʲôò׻ɲ뱻ˡ
ϾҪǲо֮˵ġ
Ҳҡҡͷͬ
ȴǵһЦֻ˵˵ˣ
ţīֳٱǴż˽Цݣ㣬СӽҼʶɶţˣһͰѶǺ͹ɽķ裬
ЦЦ
Ƿģչ涨ÿֻ˯ˣ
ī˵׹ţﻹҪ˭
׹ָָš
ʵ㲻ǴҺ˯һɣ
˹üͷһ壬룬һʲô˼˯һݣⲻÿ˵ô
㣬㵹Ǿôôʡ
ī˵ǵһ飡
Ȼ˿Ҿͷˣ
ʵϣﵹʹīˣеĺŮľͲһô
˹һۣ㣬Ҽסˣ
īִ˸ԽлһˣںڰﵱУǼΪªģһĴ
˿㣬Ҳĺܣ㣬û뵽ֵҪ֪ڲԳϣ̫ˣҽ⣬Ժָ̣
ЦϡܹıϹһĨ飬ʵڶĵĺܡ
ŻҺڵְǰȻҪֵġ
֣ʵЩ˼ոȥһ£ΧҲֽţȻ㶮ã
˵
ҵȻ㣬ҹȻͬ˰
ָָԼ֣ǻɫһ־ǡ˵֪еһһ쵽࣬ģϽţУ۵ʱ򣬻˵һ䣬ڽˡĻһ㶼֪˼ҵģ
ﶼӰ
Σ㣬㲻Ҫˣˣҵ֪ˣˣֱǸɽˮ
Цɽˮݵúã
εԼĴͷһĸܣѵ⼸춼ҪôƷļһסһ飿²죬ҪѬɣ
ⲻ֮Ҳס
ǸڰʱīҪʱͲӦΪܹͺ񹲶ȴû뵽ֵһط
磬ʲôأǲҲܿĺ־ͬϵסһ鰡
㿴Ŀ⣬ЩͷƤ飬һһﲻǸɡ
뵽ôĵһˣڴɧĿֲ飬ţҪ


1461 
һϲûгþеġ顯⿴һֱڴͷҲû˰ִ˼˯ȥһ޹Ѿ㲻ˡ
Ͻ𴲣Ĵ磬磬ȥˣ
Ҳţʵ⣬ϾھУǳĶģҲǳٹɽΪһˡ
Ѻܶ˶ѣڲ˹ҲУ⵹Ǻ˶࣬ڤû̫ôˣ
ˣҺ˯һģͲˣӴҿɵˣǲҰҰ
⼤
Ҫ֪ǻˣɲôΨһһɽˮҲߵˣį¶
꣡
˹ЦԭȺðֲºŮ˯һݣ۹⣬ͦصġ
٣磬ȥ˰
⿴Ų˹㡣
˹ҲعͷȥоȻһֻ˵ħʵȥ֮ˣ
ͷ
磬Ͱû˭ҵǹƥ֮أ
һĤݡ
ʵҲֻ֮̽صǽȴǳϣ֮صеħ±еĻҪǿ
նɱһֻħҲֻΧˣ棬϶ŸΪǿħʮ򣬶ʮʮһħпܡ
㣬ȥ
һ
Ƕǡ
һ١
۾Ϲô
˵
֮أ㾹Ȼһȥ֮أ
Ǻȵ֪֪涨ûħ˭Ҳ̤֮һ벽У
ƺѾҵ취ԸˣϴһĨЦݡ
ɱֻħһûں˵Ļ
㣡
ǳΧ˵ȥϣ
ٳϣǰеڤʿټ˳оͰ׹ţīֵˡ
ȻɽBOSSҲȻڳ
ǣμʱ˰СʱϣܸһĽͣĻ֪
ɽ˵
ǣ٣
˵֪޹زɷԲǾҲǷ࣬رǽ֮صĹأûħ֮£κξˣ̤֮һ
ĻϱĻҪ٣±ĻҪһ٣
˭֮أ
ɽ֪ʡ
ָָվǰŵ㣬˶¶ȱ飬Ե⼫Ϊϧ磬ûк˵Ĺأ
ˣǱ̵ʲô
ʵ
ױޣڤ̵̷֮һױ޻Уȫ飬ʹ˵һ£ʮ£Ҳ˶ܶˣ̵ܵİ;Уˣ
׹˵
˹Ҳһ˿ţû뵽㾹Ȼôһ鷳
㵹һ赭дݵĺܡ
㣬ϲ
Ǻȵ
˶㣬ЦΣ
ˣױޣ
˵
дϲΪʸڷϵģȴû뵽˸ɾľͳˣʹʡ˺ܶ鷳鰡
ɵ磬Ҫǲϣܰﰡڣ㣡
˵
ֻħɱ޶ֻ֤Ҫϣ׹ţīЩڰȡһ£Ҳֻȥ
ڣױ޶ѾˣȻҪһױޡ
㣬Ȼ˾棬ôҵִб̣Ҳþʾλ
˵
ɽŶĿ⣬Сӣһ֮ӱ˲
׹˵ǣ±̣һŹ㣡
ҲǣԹı˽ɱ㣡
īҲǶ٣Ƕϼ
ɽȵŶǳٻˣִɣ
㻺ǰһɱе̫ףȻһĸģ
ûſʯ֮ϡ
˶һġ
Ȼڶ죬Ҫ̵ı̣ЩʿͬܣԶȻˬ
սޣⳤ֮ϣ˸׵ǼΪֲģױޱ޴һ£ǻ˵ãƤŹ֡
˫߬һСŮ̬ѵô࣬˶ǿ˷ѵǿѵģ
Ѿú͡㡯Ǹɽˮһ֪ˡ
٣СӣһȥɻҪ
˵
ž

ױ޴ȥͦ࣬ҲǼΪʹȴ㷢
Ƕǡ
˷ֻǳȻһ˦ϣַ˶Լϡ
ǻΪǶ治ױޣʵϣ⵹÷׭µĽ֮˿ף׹źͺ˹ǿͨ
ǿ㾹ȻʵһױޣҲûʲô˵ˣҲ
ۣ
ǹ統У˸Ʊͷȴ˷ܵľҪ˹ȥǿûа磬ţưɣģҸǶ
ǲһ𣿡
һôˣһ첻ֵܽ𣿡
⼤˵
㷭ʹޱȵĶǣͬоʮأ
ɽҲǺȵǣʲôױ޶ô
ǸϽվֱӣַȻױ޴ĿһӣѪģҲ̶ãʹ
ǿžʹոֻʧҺþûױˣŻˣ
ſ¡
ױޣûаֵոûж⣬ôױ޻ᵯԼء
Ȼһӣױޱ˦¡
ž

һޣ
ִԼȥˣЦˣ
˻Ц
ʹſڵϡۡޣֱͲ˰ױ޴£ǱһµģãƺҪԼԼһһ
ɽȵ̶ִãģ㻹ʲô
ɽϴⲻҵĴ϶СӶֽţĻԲܻԼԼİ
ǿѪҺһġ
ģ˭ִб̣
ɽȵ
һӦ
ָī֣ī
ҿɲִеϣ
īҡҡͷ
ѵһ̣ҪԶ֣
ɽȵ
߳٣ôִб̣Ҳ̫ʧ˰
׹ţ
ɽȵ
㲻ҷŹ㣿
㣬ô۾㣬ٲɣ
ɽ˵
뵽׶ʶģҪǲùĹҲûʲôױ޵׹ϸãҲô
׹Žӹױޣ㣬ҪסˣҿɲǶǳ٣廨ͷһ
Ҫ
㵭
ž
׶
ȷȷʵʵǴϣȴûһл
ױ޴ûκʹһ
ɽһȣȻı޴϶ûκٵĳɷֵģ㣬ôܣô˾һС
ױ޴ʮ֮󣬶ģôܣⲻѧ̫ˣôһʹ٣


1462 ǿǺ
ȷȷʵʵв˾׹٣Ͼǻǲ̫ױֲֿϣȻûаʹУ̫ѧˣ߸ǵ
ҪֵɣǰЩױ֮µļһҪȪ֮£
ܻ׹Ÿӱˣ˼û
ϻ֪ʹһڤʩչױޣױܱʮʹȫڤʯ֮ˣôһ¶ûУ
Ǻȵ
ң磬˦һޣ
׹˵
ŵò˵
˭ɵĻһޣɽ٣ҪǲŵĻҲԣ
˵
ɽҡҡͷʹˣͲˣ
һ±̺ܿͱִˣ׹źȵ㣬ˣ
˸Ƿߵǰ߿ģоսľģһﵽʲô˰
˯ˣûˣȻȥˣ
˵űص˶鵱С
׹˵ǣִеı̣㻹񣿡
˵Ⱑɽϴ⡭
ߣ
ɽһ
ȵ׹Ź֮󣬹ɽȵûر񣬴ҶѵȻҪعأ̷ź򣡡
ɽѵʧ
ǶҲǸϽȥҽƶȥˡ
ҪסУȴǱֹˣΪ˲һܵ㻹˵֣ΪûأǶװģˣʹθҪǱһ£Ū÷ζҪը
磬ôأǸĶǹ鷳ֵһŹǼһ
ȵ
ⱻ׹֧㷽˿ױ޵¶ûаʹ࣬ԣѹҪǱ˫ס֪һᵹùأ
˹˵㣬֮طʲô
һЩǿħ
˵ˣСɱֻħľյ
յ
ȻˮϵģܹӲڤ
ͷ
˹΢΢жѹһֻħصԭֻΪ˸ҷã
ͷȥ
ߺʵˣոģȻǸоûһ
ҵȷû٣ңн磬ʩչȫҲµģ
׹˵
ɣ
žȣôǿ󣡡
ҲЩ֣Ҫ֪Щڤ磬ڵΪ㣬㣬ȴǿһ
׹˵٣ڤ磬Ҷ֣
ʵϣڤ磬ȷͲڤ編ڤǱҪŨĽʣĽǶоͲѿ
ԣڤ磬ʵٶȻҪӿ첻١
˹ħľ֮ҲǸоڵڤ˲٣˵㣬㲻ҪΪѾգҾͻмģҲ˹ɲŮˣ
㵱ȻŮˣУŮ񣡡
˵߹Ů񣡡
컬࣡
˹ҡҡͷ
ôΪô
˵
㣬ҵȻãңҲѾһܣ
˹˵
ֱ˧ˣ
㣬֪㲻ϲŮģ
˹ޱȾȵУ˵Ժ۹Ҳߵ㣬Ʒζѹ׹ŲҪ㣬Ҫţ
˵ˣȫûҪ
Բۣ
պúͲ˹һŭģ˵磬զˣŮܾˣ
һŰ߷ɳȥͷԣһţһֻǰߵȥˡ
ʹ磬ǣ
⿴һˬģȰ磬Ϊ֪ʵ˿̵ģΪҲһŮˣ
ֻǿϧ仨⣬ˮ飬ʹȻϲңΪÿοҵı飬Ц棬ţضһһøеģֻǣ΢ᣬٶǣҷģҵϳٵʱһҪףһҵġ磬磬أǧȥԾ
ŶӴӴϱĴѰ㡣
㣬㵽ҵʲô
˹ڴϣˣ˵˫ˣһˣضᱻ˹ջû˵ֻ΢΢ǰȥڴߣһȻ˵ģ
ֱŤˣ
Ҫˣ
ôףʱҲͦˣͦİڵڤ֪ĶٱôڴϾ
˹ҡҡͷ
Խһ𣿡
޳˵
Ҳܲ˹𲻴Ӧֱӱȥ˹û˵˫ָڲ˹ı󣬶ǸУҪ֪ϴαٲ£ͶԲ˹
ȻҲܱ֤˸ҶŮ˲˼Ļһġ
˹ţҲܣܶǳģҪ֪˹ǱǿߵľѪӡ˼ǧ꣬ǧûлصڰ磬ʱ򣬶еһжİģԭ鲢䣬İ¶ʹǱġ
Ų˹翪ʼӴʼռоߣΪĹϵ˹ҲĿ˳ȥ
Ƿգٶ˹޶ãֱֻһƺ俪ˡ
ĶˣһЩҪҲУǲ֪һжαװģΪѹˣҪ˵ˡ
㣬Ĳʺ㣬Ҫѹˣ
˹ĺ󱳡
ɿ˹ҺһϵûУ
Ȼ˯˼ǧ꣬ʱѾϲˣҶã㣡
ЦǽƺӶϴ
ı£ҵǿˣ
Ҹǿˣ
Բۣ
ϲĻҲû취磬˵ģ
˹һ̣绯
ðɣҪôͣţֱģ
ʲôֱģ
ϲŮˣϲˣ
Ҫ˹ˡ
治֪ʲôϲˣϲϲֽֿٵĻ𣿸οǱ׼ֱУôϲˡ
㣬ûа˼ûУҡ
˹ƺ˵ʲôһ̣Ѿ˵ˡ
Ϊͱסˡ
׼ȷ˵ǱͶסˡ
֪ۺͲ˹ʲôҲȥִֹŮˣǾԲΪȥıʲô
ֻж
ƴͣݺ
ףʲôֱУ
˹סʱ˶ˣƺֹͣ˼ؼǣ㻹ܰԵĿ˲˹ĵ˵ɣڴ˿̣˹ͬһͨŮһǰ
ȻòǾģ
ã֡
ʵӦö˰ɣ
˹Ȼҡͷ
ٴ˹ȥ
ֻһͷǵҲҪ㶮


1463 ټݵ
˹Ҫˣղƴҡͷ˼ʵֱУȴû뵽ȻԵΪؼǣ˹ûа㷴ء
ҪҧͷΪ㲼½磬ҧ
εû̫ã촽벨˹ʱ򣬺һҪɱ˵ģ㣬ҷģҪ뿪ڤ磬ҾҪãܣ
㵽Ƕûа
ʵ
˹ƺҪҡͷȥı飬Ͻͷ
˻䣬ߣﻹţͷҪ֤ԼǸֱУ鷳ˣҵĳǾûˣ
Ȼڤĳǡ
˹뿪ıӰǸްѵҾͲǳǣ

ڵڶʱ򣬾ͱɽ䵽˶Ƕ鵱УȻ˶ǰٰ㲻Ը뵽ⶫǱ㺦ĳױޣҲûκ飬ϾⶫֻһЦˡ
һʮʿҲ֮һ챻ݺ֮󣬻ĵܳȥѰ㣬νѾһ֪λá
磬ȥ˰ôһȦûҵ㣡
ٳϣŻûȫõĶСܵҡҡͷ뿪˹֮󣬱ٴν֮أ֮صдһϡ
յħ˵ҲʮֻȻЩȻܸ⡣
⿴һԣ磬ڤŮ˶úܣ㲻ҪһϵʧʲôҽΪˣһҪõŮˣ
㿴ɫ˵ţ֪˵ʲôãһ̸ʱ񽲹һдС
磬㿴ǸŮҲһӣƺ񣬺ɷأ
˹ȷ㲻Զ飬ܸɫŹ֣ҲţǱ˹ܾˡ
˾鳡δɹ֪ҲǱŮܾʵҲ٣оƽˡ
ͷȥ˹ʱ򣬲˹̶㿪Ŀ⣬ǸоȻЩŭȻڸǲ˲˹еСߡ
ˣվã
ʿźö
㿴ǵҽԱ֮˿ѾˣֻЩҽԱȻ򲻵ңⶫǵϱȻǻ̺ۡ
뵽Щڰ඼ޱȣⶫȻǳªеļƷ˿һۣȥĶⷶ룬Ҳνˡ
Ա˵ǻݣԶǣܾˡ
ãˣǶ鵱ж³ԱŴҶѾ֪ˣӽ󣬴ҶҪమ֪
˵
˶ơ
ϾǶǸŶһʱġ
ǺЩȻû㣬˹˵˵ҲǾеڣٴǵѵԣһҪǶ⣬֪
֪Ǹ磬ͷİɣ
㷢ΧѾвٶ鿿£ҪһĴ׹źīĶϣ׹Ҳߵ˵Сĵ㣬ξӲ죬ɲҪĳЩץѱҪȻͲˣٵʵǾ֮ϵģ
㵭ͷǲû̫⡣
׹ſϵţҲö˵ʲôϾĿǰʵǿ
ɽӭ磬ǰһŵʿȵᶼҾ㣬˭Ҫǳ˲ͱҾã
УһΪÿ٣֮£ǳ٣ɽǳٵһˡ
Уɽ˵Ļзϣȥٵļλѡ
ǰǣίθٵ⼸쵱УҪκβ
ĻɽҪΡ
λĿԾͻή͡
СӵĶӳŷԸŶԱžеһЩȭ
Żѧģ
Ͳ˹ȴȫվԭأûҪϵ˼
𣿡
Ǻȵ֪֪Ǳٿվ﷢ҶпҪְģҪǣӰǹɽ˵
˵˭أ
˹ȵ
ѹˡ
Ǳ˹ŵЩ˵׹ŻǴԼ鵱иϽǾȭɣʵҲǺϸ񣬶ˣҲûʲô
Ͳ˹⶯£ǺŪŪǡ
ߣ
һӵû취ȥ
վڶ֮У˵磬ҶӺ۰
ţ
˵
иԣ
ⲢûбĮĻ̼磬Ǿãĸɽˮ
䣡
һҵĽŲӲԶʶţܹܵһǿıƽ
Ϊأֶһ㣬ǺܸߣԶÿһȥòʿľս
˾Ǿľ٣Ϊţ
ڵڤѾˡ顯ľ磬Ȼڤ統УǸ֡
ٺã
ɽţ
ţͷ⼸ѵΣ˵ϴɱϽţУ׹һ˸㶨ģ
٣ѵһãɱϽţ˳Ҳֻܴ׹ϲһʲôԭ򣬾Ͳö֪ˣ
ɽ˵
˵׹Щվסˣɽ٣ѵϽţҲǰô
㣡Ϊ˰
ɽȵ
ˣҪˣʲô״Ȼ
ţ˵ҽѵģǰģ
ǣ٣
ͬʱͷ
ţĿϬɨһȦ֮Ŀͣ˶Ƕ鵱С
ŵðΪ˾Ҫǳ¶ˣҪϳ㡣
ڸʲô
ţϬһָһâ˳ȥ
Ϊ㣬ȴû뵽Ե⡣
ңҶۣ
Ŷӣţǵ徹Ȼá
ۣһ˸Ļô
ţȵ
٣ǶۣԼ飡
˵
Ҫо꣬ʲôʹͲҪѵô
ţȵ
ɽҲ˵ǣ
ǻ⣬Сӵе⣡
ߣѵģõ
ɽȵ
ޣʮ
˵̶Щ־ˡ
죬ϻ˿˿ʹ
ִУ
ɽȵ
ҪţǰĻС鶼õôĸ٣
У
޿κΣֻŶӳȥˡ
ģҲ̶á
˵ǳ٣Ķʹ̣ܵˣޣҿܾҪˣ
ױޣ⵱Ȼ֪˶㣬ͨʿ￸סױް
Ҳҵģ
Ǻȵ
ױޣʿûʲôдϾҲĹˣûж̫ͬġ
ţ͹ɽվڱϣɽƺں˵ЩʲôţȻһŵı飬ƺ̫Źɽոպ˵Ļ
򰡣ǳ٣ġ
ߣү˵ȥɣ
гһ˦̾ҪƨϣȴǺȻһɴץסޣΧ׵˵˸ƽˮްʹ
ͺ׵ܹһ㡣


1464 ٶ
㣬Ҳһ˸ڴ˿ȥ⡣
㣬㣬Ҫʲô
Ǻȵ
ץױȻһ˦ǾȻֱӱ˦ȥˡ
ţȣɽ˵쿸һױޣһ㷴Ӧûеˣ
ɽͷ٣
㣬Ҫ췴죡
׹Щż
Ŭȫһ
ʿĿ۽ϣǶ뿴㵽
췴ǿ϶Ҳͦ˼һ顣
ĶߵģҪͷĻҾʹʮްɣ
˵

ԭҪ췴
׹ŷ
췴ͺãƾʵһٱҲʲô⡣
Ǳŵò˵Ҳҷľ
ɽ˵û˻Ҫģ
Ϊû
ȵ
㣬֪һٱ޶ûκηӦǣҾζʵʩ̣
ɽ˵ڤ磬Ϊݶ̷̣֮
̣֮ţҪ֪޿Ǿ綾ޱȣ˭ϣ̻ΪϢɢûܿһģ
ڤ̷㣬¿ɲˣƤ񲻴ܹٶְ

׹˵٣ֻһˣʵʩޣϹأ
׹ţţٶûзҪⶾޣν
ɽ˵
׹ŵû˵ڵĻⶾ޵Ҳη壬ڿûκֻв顯ڤ
Ҫ뿹סⶾޣ췽ҹ̷
ʿȺУ˹˵㣬׳գô
ǻͷ˲˹һۣң͹ˣ

ſʯϵⷭתֻжĲˣ磬ⱲԵһʶ㣬ҪûĻԺţҶԸ⣡
Բۣ
亹ֱð
ǣִ̣
ɽȵ
Ǳģ뵽ⶾޱױ޵Ķˣһ޶סûʲôõĵˣϾҲҪ㡣
㣬ˣ㻹ôQ
Ǻȵ
㵹ǲſʯ֮ϣ⿴ģп磬˰ûһ㺦£ҿ
ϻ㲻ˣ
ʿȵ
κŵò˵
սޣؿû˭ץסⶾ˰ɣҪ֪ⶾǾ綾ޱȣ˭һ£
ž
Ȼһ˦ޡ
޴ıϣ죬ǣȴûκα仯
ⲻʹ˶
ôܣ
һִֻһޣΪڶ޵ʱѾˡ
ǣȻſʯ֮ϣƺܲŹ۵ŤŤƨɡ
Ǽֱ𾪵ֶڷ껹ǲ˰ģ
ţ¶һ˿ȣɽȥִУ
ɽͷӶнӹޣǲû̶ִвˣ
ɽʮڶǵʵҪִб̣㻹еĻ
ʿЩġ
鷳㣡
˵
ɽһսޣȻȥ
һӣܶ˶Ǿĵġ
оͰ˹׹š
ž
һȸղŸ쳹ף˶ľ
㣡
˶ſʯ֮һ
Ϊ㱻ⶾ޴ˡ
ǹɽҲΪûֵ飬ֵý飬ǻ˵٣Ҳˣղֶֻʵã޷Ӳ
˵ţȴһ㻹򲻴ˣ

ϵʿȫͣû뵽㾹ȻܳҲ˼¡
Ȼû
Ǿԣûһ˿仯ŵһǲǱ̬޶
׹źͲ˹϶¶Цݣ㣬
ʲô㾹Ȼû£
ɽ𺳵Ըӡ
ţҲһɻ㵽ʲôôܶ޶޷Ը
ɽ͵һ˦˹ȥ
ž
һĽûκα仯·ûб޻ơ
ùɽЩˡ
︹̣ĻҷԼһ㲻㰡
ž
ž
ž
ɽٻޣȻã
Щ֪룬Ҫ֪٣һ֮£֮ϡ
Ǿݶ̷
㵹վ۾Ц⡣
˵ɽö޻ڤö޴κˣ
Ͼǰٶ֣Ĵڣ
ⶾȻǻаˡ
ôһʣòʿĶʼѪǴû뵽ɳôֱһ档
ɽҧ֪˵ʲôãǾݶ̷Ҫⲻֱ˵̷һ
Ҫǲϡڤʿ֪Ǿݶ̷

ڴ˿̣ţȵ
һޱȣŲ׶㳯ȥ
㣬ر𣡡
ţ˵ûĸܹ㣬ױ޺Ͷ޵ģò˵Ǹ׹ŻҪţ
ֻЦЦûг
Һ㣬ڤ֮صħ綼ᱻģ
ţ˵ҵҪԼʵ
Լ飡
ľ
ţš顯ڤһȥԱƴɽٱ
ͲһĶԿ
˵֮ǰɽͶִ̣㿹סǽҵĻţִƶޣǿûκ˿ԣ
Уƾţһɱ㡣
˹Ѿţһưˣòо㣬ֻСһƾͱĻǾˣ
۾һһҪ󣡡
Ҫ󣿡
ţ˵ֻҪܿޣʲôҪ󶼺˵
ʱҪնɱһˣ
˵
û⣡
ţͷ
ܹסһޡ
ſʯ֮ϣɢһĨϹ⣬Ϲ֮£Ƿ
Ȼǰٶ֣ҲֻڶϵĶԣţǡ顯ĸ֣Ĵνˣһˣûⶾޣᱻţһȭ
ţϵϹ⣬Ҳһ㶣ս޵֣Ȼȥ
˾񶼼ΪУ˭֪һ޴ϣһ
ž
ֲڴ㱳ϵʱֱӰ㱳ϵ·һӡ
㱳¶ֻһȥƤƺûκˡ
һ󶼲й
ţҲȻվԭأû뵽㾹ȻûлΪϢ
һƤ˶ûС
ôܣ
ˣ
˿ʯ΢΢ƶ֮󣬵һȫûκվڵϣƽˮ緽ž֮ʱް仯
ţ;ȵĻŴʱһ˿Цݣһޣǹģҵ·ˣȻվ


1465 Ϭ
⻰˵ǫͣʵȴӣţһֻܻ·Ҫ֪Ǿһ֣
ǧʿгݵĶ
ѵʵѾִˡ顯ľ磿
ţʵ
ҡҡͷҲûóȫô
ţ΢΢һȻȻóܸܵĳţȷûʹȫΪɱ㣬Ժߵܹȡ๦ѫ
ɱһԼõˣȻǴ֮١
һ˵ţʵЩˡ
٣ʹȫһ԰СŪģ
ɽ˵
Ǹ˲ţã
ţ˵

ɽ
׹ϸЦݣСӣ
ĳŵӦÿԶ˰ɣ
ʵ
ҴӦģͱȻҪնɱ˭
ţʵ
ɽȫĿ㣬ָ
ģһɱ㣡
ɽ˿
Ҫɱ
ţָѾ̱ڵϵĶǣһЦɱɣȷھҲǻ
ɽ٣ѵҪԶô
˵
ң
ɽŵ
㲻ҪɱѾˣΥɽ
²ɽʿһĻҲǺݺݳһڶ
оͰ׹ţҪ֪ɽǴ׹ԡ
ɽ磬ɱҰ㣡
ǿ
Υ
ɽսޣһ޴˹ȥǶ޴ڶϣû룬ǱǻΪϢɢǰ
ⶫģЩ˲֪жǿ󣬾Ȼô¶޶ûκ顣

ѵ֮˾еʿΧǰҪеɻ
𼱣𼱣ǷֵܣҲ֪ȫ֪ҿΪһһ𣡡
Ͻ㵲һˡ
Ǿг⣬Щԭͦģ֪һģҲĻΪˡ
˵İСӻ֪ܲأ
׹źͲ˹УȻҲҪ̿һ
㣬Сӵ˳ͷ˵˵ɱ˶ǣǴģ
׹˵
˹Ϊ֮ǰǿǶ֮ԱǣҲðˣҪţûʹȫǶ֮ˣ֪ܣҪˣǺЦ
ģԭѵĹģװô
˵
ˣӰҺͻжϾȻԸ嶯˵㣬ʵôһЩģ
׹Ȼ˹ӲȻڤ統Уʵ֮ϣ
׹˳˵㣬쵱Źɽɱ˶ǣ죬ضǶְ
к̨
ɽиڤֱϵһΪҲڡ顯ľ磬ǹɽ붯նɱǣţûа취
׹˵
û£
ҡҡͷûаη塣
㣬֮ţµĸ٣ǱǹɽΡ
޿ܣ
ҡҡͷ׹ţţһҵģϾп
ôȷ
Ȼ
Ц
صʱЦݣƺδйĿģ磬ˣҸողŰЩȫţ̫ˬˣ֪֪ղиŮʿΪҪõһϣȻǣģǿٵͷһذ
֮ԱǣŮϹô
磬ĬǸŮİɣʵǴ˱ȥģ
ʲô˼
һħжУ˱ʳ˻ҧ棬ͱŮˣ
˵ǣȻܣ
ŶԷȻͷз·ǧֻڶ־ܽĹﰡ
ҽٶˣɲٱųˣʵҲûʲôŮľУ
Բۣ
ЦУʲôҪ񣿡
пǺϸģһǾԲģȻһˣҪ󻻳ȥɷ
˵磬ʲôǵĬѵ뻻ȥô
ֻʣ

ҹѾ˯ôҲǷһֱӽ֮ء
⼸죬ÿ춼֮صеħ̫ܹ࣬ΪҲ١
죬˼ֻ꣬ʮħ
ԣʵŻ߷ɿ졣
ʣ֮ضԣһ⡣
Ҳֻ֮صıԵնɱħԽеħԽǿ
ʮħ൱ڶʮλДʵ۵ʵѾָڰ确顯ľ磬οܲɱʮ꣬ʮħ
ٶȼ죬ֱնɱ˼ֻʵõħת䣬һƬ֡
ֵоȻ죬˺ħ򶷵ļս
΢΢Щɻѵ˺һԽ֮صģ
Ů˵ǺôӣȻҶ֣֪֪ǰ˭
ߣҹ˭
ҿƬֵˡħС½Ҫˣ
Ů˲ǱǺ˹
ҲǶ֮ΪģϾӵбҪǿʵ֮ʱĸҪԽ㡣
ħȻһ֣һֻʮħڵĲ˹Ķ֡
䣡
ֵдƬӱ˵սٵ˹ڤֵסԷҪħˡ
һâԶ˹ûħұۣħұϱһӡ
˹һӰѾƮԣȥݣü֮ɢһذȻ˿ΧɢҲ˿ɵеġ
ʱ˹룬ûȴΪܹɢҪǿأ
һģߺߣǽǣҵΪǣǼΪ
Ϲˣ
㵭˵
Ѫƾһն˹ȥһâħλûܣһޱȵӵǰѪȴ񲻿ɵһ㣬ֱӰЩȫ١
ֻһħ
˹΢΢ȣʵѵѾִ顯ľ磿ģ
ܣ
ħӰҪԭѣлһϹȴסħһƴħͷˡ
һƻС
һȡħľ˱С
ʮħնɱ
ߣ㵹üʱ
˹ˣȻҪԼҪ֪Ǻͳǧĺ񣬶أһںڰ确顯綼ûеִķˡ
ѵûôŮ֮зܹӦŮľλõģϬ
˵
ƭǿǵģҸ㣬㣬ڤ磬ұҪںһ꣡
˹ȵ


1466 굶ɽ
˹ո˵ĻЩ֣ϾѾξˣǣûһ㲻ģ˵Ǳʮ꣬ҶԸ⣬ֻҪܹ㣡
ʯĳˣⷬȻĶοǲ˹
㿴Ų˹Щı飬ҲǾúЦ⺣˯˼ǧ꣬˼άʽûеõı䰡
龧յ㲻Ϊ
˵
һʮħڵľˣͬһ㣬ǲ˹ָǵûаãǶڴ˿̵Ĳ˹ȴǷ
㲻Ҫ
ҵڤѾִ顯ľˣ龧˶ҵòǺܴ󣡡
˵
˹СŮ˵ĺһѾյˡ
Σգ治֪ΪʲôҪ
˵˼ԶҪò˹Ȼص
˹Ȼû㣬ǰȥܸо֮Ӧòֻڤִħô򵥣
Բ˹Ĺ۵Ҳͬ⼸춼Ѱҵʶȴ޷Ƭ֮أ̫̽Զ
Ҳ˵֮صһЩΪֲĵط
ԭ룬Ǵ˿̾ȴǴ졣
ǽϵ
Ȼȥɣ
˵
˹ͷ
ҹϣ˵кҪ鷢˸ϵѵصʱҲȫ롣
ɽǰüͷһ壬ȥˣ
Ͳ˹ûдɽ
ôʿţɽȻЩ²̨棬ȵǻأ
ող
˹˵
أ㣡
ЦЦٲϣ޵ʱܳɣ
ۣ
ʿЦ˳
ҲǻȻԭȥˣ˵ôҲأÿҹﶼҪΪʲôѵǱ𣿡
ߣصȥ
˶ص顣
ҽټңһҪģ
ɽ˵ڤھúҪ֮ص굶ɽϵħ
٣굶ɽϵħɶϵģ£
£µĻھ͹ƽ
ɽȵ
٣֤񣡡
ʵһС£ǹҸ˵ģ֮ǰţٿ϶һεĸٵģȿȡ
ûм˵ȥ
˽ӻɽ٣У˭ܱ
ڶ࣬׹ź㶼ǾյţҲֻھдľ˵ˣ
ɽ˵ҽҵϸ٣һң׹ţͼҵλã
ɽ˵⻰ҲҪѹѹ׹š

磬ʱû㣬ɲ֪ҶŰһȥ֮ˣҪ֪֮أ治һ˿ģ굶ɽеħһǿǾЩûռ굶ɽ
˵ڤǾȷ棬ǵģ
ֻȷ沿ӣ
һеʿҪǾ٣һ㶼ǵɱȥ֮ٿʼж
û뵽УȻ˷սģѹ˵һֱߵġ
ûк굶ɽڴ

֮󣬾ʿȫϣͲ˹Ҳ״վһ飬Ҳһ֮ش̽ڲ˹֮أҲղħľˣΪɿ졣
ȻҲʹĺøԽԽŨˣŮӶϲµˣʮʮľ׵ˣĸŮ˲ϲ
ţ磡
ɽϹ
촩Ŵ綼ܵ壬ϾԼϾҪΪˣܶ飬Ҫעһˡ
٣л͸߲εӴġ
ţͷû̫ɽĶ飬϶֮С
һ̵֧Ĳӣ
ţȵ죬ǵҪ굶ɽϵħֻҪóѣǾھͻԺҲܳ׶ͷˣǣҪ˵Ŭ
٣һ߾ܣ
˶ĺ˳
ڴ֮ǰҪһ£ٵļߣεҲһָӣ
ɽＤ˼ˡ
ɽ
ţһ֣ɽлţ٣Ժһᡭ
ţһû˵꣡
ţûɽһԾı飬ɽ׹ԭеѡھ˿ɱȣ׹սڶ๦ѫǶˣҶǼȡᣬ٣ֻһλҲֻʹ
׹ţ㽫Ǿĸ٣ϣƸܹĳɳ
ţʱ򣬹ɽѾ˫ȷҪεڵˣ뵽һ
׹Ųûе˷ܣΪ֮ǰԤ⵽ᵱϸٵԭɣֻҪٲлӴ߲㣬ڤеĲоҲ͸пõˡ
׹ǰȥһӢˬ˺ȵ
׳ƺƵĶ鳯֮سȥ
֮ϣܿһɽǾ굶ɽ
굶ɽħǾǰͼǣջûгɹ
Σܹ˵ڤ˻Լν
Ҫ֪ڤǾ˭֪һܵطǾ٣궼ѵüڤһ棡

ţ˵·׾ٴһ·ɽ
ǣ
׹ŵͷ
ţǴ飬׹ɡ
׹ŲûжԹԣ㣬˹УҲǸŲڤʿȻЩʿǲá
ţ磬Сӵ٣ǲȥ
ɽʵ
㵹棬׹汾£㣬ϲһҪĹķϣһŰ߷ˣ
ţȵȫȻûй˼ɹɽӡ
ɽﱯʹӣδйѹ
굶ɽ֮ϣ󣬶ҵһճҺճҺֻҪ˵Ьײ棬ڵڤͻỺ
ء
ǳ־սʿذܣ¾֮ǰûռ굶ɽԭˣ
˵
㣬˵ĲҸʱ򣬾Ͳһν굶ɽ񣬵ʱѾնɱħҲ˹ջʧˣ
׹˵ɽ֮УһֻʥǳϵճҺʵĺۼڤЧ
ʥ
㵹мڴ
꣡
ɽ֮ϣѾħҴܵǶȻҪˡ
ڤ굶ɽô
ɽУ죬

һɽ֮ϻ˳ȼ˵ûа飬ʿС
ħ𣬴Сģ
׹źȵ


1467 ƽ
ħǶʮħĻ棬һʿԵֵסģ
Ҫ˵Ҳǵùϴ굶ɽɽûôħȴû뵽εһֵħȻħ
׹һȣǻЩȻ˲һ컨˹ȥ
ˣ
Ҫ׷ȥȴǱȥֻΪô
ҲֻДڤԶԸħУȥΣռ
ԽԽͣʩչ絲ǰЩûм˺еʿ
ţ˿ҲǴӺ󷽸˹ʵ׹أ
նɱħȥˣ
ôȥ
һ˾͹ˣ
˵
ħǶʮħ
û˵꣬ǿһŻԶ滯Σ׹š
ɽеĻѾ䣬ţʵħﱻɱˣ

׹ŵͷľ˶ˣ

ţЦ׹ţǸ˲ţûп
ĶǰħҲֻ굶ɽĵһ߰ˣֻǻһʼõЩˣħ붼һЩ꣬ʮġ
Щħ׹ǰǲֵһᡣ
˶ó֣
׸ٿͣһѾնɱֻħˣڣν굶ɽһɣ

㣬Ϊͣ
׹ſͻȻͣüͷ΢㣬Щɻ
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ʶǿܹӦԶħ
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ڵʵҲûеִ顯ľ硣
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һֻֻǴɽд˳쳤ХǲԶһֻ޴ԭأһ㣬ЩĶϴ굶ɽòڣһΣҪȫ
һֻֻȫ˳ЩСʵȻǺǿ󣬵Ҳֻֻ޴ޱȵǶԣǶԸһʿǴ´ࡣ
ֻţһ˳ǰȥնɱǾ޴ǣЩСǱ׹ŵ˵
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㿴ţųصĲӱǳͷĿȥаγһ޸˵ӵеĳҧȷʵܷţ
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Ȼһץţһ£ɽһ㣬ֱӰǼɢ
¶âٶȿ׵磬ڻһڻţתһһǲţ⸱ݵĻҪ˧ʵȴǲпġ
һһǣսãʤ
ʵ̫Ȼǡ顯ģٺɱ

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׹ŻȻ鶼ˣֲһʼţ磬ڣȴԽԽήˣ
ţȷڿ֧ţһ٣Ҳ˼ʱ˰æӲͷƤҲôȥ
㱾ų֣˺ţģҲûж
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ţһˣҲ˵㣬ҪСģԴԴϵһ֮ϵճҺʹڵڤ½ܺǴ־ս
˵꣬ǰγѪʵҲող롮顯ľ磬ţǿһ㣬ڵԴԴϵӣϵճҺӰ첻
ԣǺǴ־սҲ¡
ȴҪ쵶ն飬ϾҪֻʥ֮ǰһЩħ㲻ʲô
ǻɢڻȻһնһâסЩڻӰһԼٶȣһϹǲһǵٶȣ֮󣬱Ȼӳ
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˵꣬ǱǳһȥһϹסǣһֱӰնɱ
ǵľ˷ǳ澧Ө͸ʮ㡣
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Ⱥ˵ǣ˹СֵϲŮˣÿ϶溰Ų˹С֣ЩǶĻŶ
Ŷԭϲ˹Ҷһ
һںŮʿ˵
˹ӹˣȻжȴû˵⾧˱ڣҲǻΪһڤ鲼ȫ⾧ˣڤҲǽӽڡ顯ľ硣
ã㣬׹ԺȻΪҵұۣ
ţ޵
ȻְѵΪĿ࿴ܸܳ˹ʵͻͽһУͿҪкü顯ˣѾˡ
ɽһȻˣȻʧ裬ԽԽƣ˶갡ִ˶갡
УһҪǣһҪ
Ѿõʱα׹ˡ

һдԶһֻֻǳɫ֮طתǲħֻһƽ
ЩƽȥΪɰ˹ҪץһֻֻǰԼŮ˻ߺݣվû
ƽ񣬲ƽϴǽʧܣΪЩƽֹƽڤ統д˼Ҳѣ
׹˵
׹˵ûƽ֣Ԥʾź·Ἣ̫ƽħҪˣ
ţ˵
ȵľЩħ߲ܣ
ȵ
ţ۲쵽˵УҲֻܱһݵݵɫһصĺܡ

ƽڿ֮󣬱ɢû˻ȥ׷ǵ䣡
ƺҲڸˣѽ
΢΢ۣʶѾ̽⵽ԶһɹǿЩԶħվȫҪ֣
䣬ɭľĸоΧˡ
ͨڤʿѾоֽű

һ紵۾ˣǵħ֣


ڵ1468 ħ
֪֮ǵħ֣ǰħϹħѪ񵶵еľ֮㣬ħֿΪԶŵħ֮һΨһĵطǼͷѣνħѲģû뵽ħ־Ȼڤ磡
ħɢޱǿģǾ뼫ԶҲǸܵĵҲ൱
׹źţվǰأǵʶûǿ󣬵Ҳܹܵ΢ĵħֵϢ
ڣ
㿴Զĵ濪ʼȫͿһƵҺ壬ЩҺʥڵϵҺϣΪһֿݻɫƵճҺЩճҺһĳ
ٶȼ죬۵糸
Сģ
׹źȵ
һѻ֮ͼһ棬ֹЩճҺһЩճҺ֮ϣȴǺް㷴Ӧ෴֮ϣܿ쵯һ⡣
ѸͣһԵţһ˹ȥǽҪ׹š
Ҫ֪ڤ磬ɲ
ϵճҺȻܹ佣â⣡
׹˵
ǲܴˣУ
ȵ
˵꣬˶ſзȥһΪܾԼڤʿҪ翹ЩճҺֻһ㱻ЩճҺʴ

Ѿкü˱ЩճҺϣϵƤãÿ˶ȵһĻˣճҺʴļȫһˣЩ岢ǿ׳ûκ٣ǵȴһֱˡĹ
˵ڤﶼǼΪªĻôЩǳϼӳǵǰܹҵǰδеԽУʹһֱԼǵڶ˧ģΪֻ˧
λҲԶǵԼЩ˻УȻаȫС
ϾȻճҺ
ЩճҺǳľʴЩľճҺʴ֮Ҳ֣ߴ䣬ž޹ſеȥ
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磬Һ£
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Ϊеķŵ£ҪĽ磬˵ҪЩ
㵹ȫ⣬ü˵ⲻǵħֵıһںԶĵطЩճҺ
ǵΣɽƺħռһһǰ
㣬ܲһֱڿаɣοЩֵһ±һأĽ֧Ųסǿô찡

׹Ҳ˵㣬ҺţȥӦЩˣ̽ǵ㣡
ͷ
˳ȥֻͽâ֮ҫЩǱâ̿ǱͷȻѳˡ
ңѶɵ˵ĸҪԭǸ˵һⲻòˡ
ԽЩǿ
⻹˵á
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ħ굶ɽֱһ򵱹أĪС
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˵
˵꣬Ϊʧǰ˹һߣҲȥ
ܹһɱˣжǿ󣬶Ƿ׭Ĺͣϵʵ̫࣬һնɱҲҪնɱ̫ãңϵճҺ޷ǰǵҳħֵıɱ򣬾ʿǴ粽С
굶ɽķٶȺܿ죬ܴӿп֮ȫճҺħֻѲɽճҺ
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˹һֱͣڿУܰʲôȻڴ˿̲ԶȴżϮ
Щǿ쳣Զ֮ǰЩԶħԲ˹Եֵ
ʶǿѸӦ˹ΣգγѪ񵶣һâЩȻûȫɢæֵ˹ҲûбЩС
ǵħֵıѳ顯ľ磡
˵
磬ҷҪնɱɣ
˹˵
ڤ磡
Բ˹ȫһСŮ̬
ȻҴҵΣǲ֪
һԶƾ㲼µĽ綼ķѣ飬㱻УȻȫΪ˹µġ
ۣ
Ѫˮ
û°ɣ
ŵǰ㣬˹дĺܣһﾹȻ־ԼһΣҪô
ҡҡͷ
ԶһӰһ޴˳ǰͬûκ٣ǴӸġ
ڤΧ굶ɽûгɹξȻҹҲȷʵǰ漸ԶħɱģֻǣǶֻ·ˣҵħڣ˭Ҳ굶ɽ
ħ˵
óˣħ֣
ֻûϹԼԣŵȫЩϹˡ
СӣϵĺܣҲЩ˵ʵһˣҺŮ˵ңеʶ
ħ˵ϸ˿˹ʼõͳܵģôǺ񣡡
ôܳڤ磿

˹ҲɻħǴδԾǼԼģħֵҪʲô
㣬㱾Ӧñɱģôûôܣ
ħּ˵ϹħսϹħս
ħֵУһֱǿšϹħս⼸֣ʹ㶼оЩ֡


1469 ڶо
Ȼħ־Ե޹˵Ϲħս⼸ֵģǾóһԼ޷ŵһ
ж˹һ
ҲϹħս
˹ʵ
ҪϹħսҪΪǳսô䵽ڤ磿
ħ˵ԭͨ죬ڤ˼ǧ꣬Żָʵ
㾹Ȼ֪Ϲħսзʲôң
˹
ÿһλҶĿʱʩչҶޱȡ
ħ˵ǱħһնΪΡⲻܣ
ұħն
˹ޱ𾪡
ôܻ䵱УǿѪӡں׳˯ǧ꣬ѣӡУûϹħսκƬΡ
һҲûС
ħȴǿڿ˵ôһ飬ò˹޷ܣҪ֪׹ҲǽϹħսһɥʧǶμ䡣
ʵ׹أҲˣ
ûУħֻɱһˣ
ֻɱң
˹˵ҿħûм
㡭ô˵ֻҪħ޷
ħ˵
㵹Щˣħֺ֪ܶʵһҲȫûбҪƭˡ
ߣ˵ûмħħ֣Щƭ˵İϷԲüˣ
˹ȵ
Ȼ֪˭㸴ģħ֮սѹߣ˹һҲҪɱ㣡
ħͻȻ
Сģ
Ȼ§˹ߣǵħַһҪв˹
ȻⲨ˹ޱǴ˿̵עȫڵħϣѪǰƣǲоҲʩչһȫҲͽȻǿ
Ȼво
ħֳԾ
ǡ顯ľ磬ʵǿȻ٣ħҲСӣҪϹħ֮սܵشӵвоҲϣ
ڣҪɱ㣬÷ϲٹ򣡡
˵ϻ
һն˹ȥ˿̵ĵâǿ٣ǣЩâڵħϣȴǲʹ
ħ־ȻܹЩâ
ʵûиһĻһû취
ħַЦ
ڣ
ϵճҺٴǵϮӳâɢЩճҺ㣬Сģ
˹ʩչˮҲɢһЩճҺ
ħһԾ廯ճҺˮɽһ㣬㵶âٹҲ޷ɢôճҺ
һЩճҺѾ

ЩճҺҪϼ
㣡
˹

ȵ
ЩճҺԽԽ࣬Ѿ鲼
ճҺдħֵЦߺߣСӣͻΪһˣ
˹Ѿڱ޷ˣΪճҺϸճҺ
ѪȻҪ㣬޿κΣЩâճҺͺᱻһûκΰ취
㣬ѾˣħֵĲ˱̫ճҺУһʣֵܹסѪ񵶵ĵâȻҲʵԭ򣡡
Ϲħ˵
Ҳʵָһֱָħ֣ﻹݵš
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ħֲţȸ󣬾Ҫ㱬һ㡣
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Ȼû뵽ѵİ취ħȻҲ޷κġ
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֪ҪǾ㣬˵㣬ʩչо
ã
ҡͷǳ˯ħ֣Ҳϣһ취ģ
˹ͷ˵ûеĲоȷг˯ЧǶԷ״̬ı䣬ϵճҺȻϣκα仯
СӣҪȻ޷壬㱻Ҹ֮󣬻ߺߣĬ
ЦñۿڶоЧ
ڶо
ǵħ֡
˹ڵ֮ϡ
㾹Ȼһо
Ҫڶоˣһֱ޻ᣬħܹڶо
˹Īɢһɫâɫâ֮Уһ򿪣һ
һ̫ɶˣоȻ˵
˹˵
ǻУȻһɫЩɫȻ޴
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ȵ
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ϵȫһԾооȻʵǻ浱мΪǿĴڣܹڻЩճҺҲ
ճҺΪˮΣȴûȫʧȻڵ֮ϣؾһ壬ٴγɾ޴ˡ
ǵħֵı
ħȻܵ˲СĴˣзŭǧʥûܹ˵ҵħֵģСӣȻˣ
ߣħ֣ճҺܹʥɢҺںϣ֮϶ʲôɸ˵ܰɣ
˵
㾹Ȼܿһ㣿
Ȼһģһ㳤û󣡡
Ϸʡ
Сӣ˵ʲôʥҺҵճҺںϣܹƬ굶ɽ֪ôֻҪʥڣҵħ굶ɽǲĴڣ
ħֺȵ仰˵Ҳǲ֮
֮
Ц˵ʲôʱǵħѾΪճҺˡ
ܵ죡
Ҳǲץסħֻ֣ǼȻʥڣɱħɱǾֻһɵˡ
ħѾˣ´棬Ҳκη塣
ѪǸϽȥ֪׹ǵסЩô
㣬һд磬Ұٰ磬Ǽٵô
ʲô˼
㣬ϵ׻жܣʩչףڶо˵Ĳ֮㣡
˹˵
Уһ޴ıһ̫̫ˣǲ˹㲻̫죬ǻû£ڲ˹ﶼЩĪˣʹصһЩܣ˵һּ䲻ȫء
˵˹ҪȫƿأˣеһС
ЩЩԺ㶼֪ģΣ׹ǿܾ޴ѣ
㼱æ˵
У˵ͱߣ
˹˵ٲȻͬһСŮһ㡣
Բۣ
ȻһԾڲ˹㾪֮£΢΢һֱӰѲ˹Ҽ֮ϳ׹ǵķȥ


1470 ɱ
ûв´ħ֮ȴǼӴ˶Ի׹ŵ˵Ĺƣ㲼µĽ綼ѾҵĹƶơ
Եǣ㵹Ҳϵüʱ˹ȻڼϣȴǺܿ챻ϾǱ׹ſһĻⲨ˹쵽
ô˵Ҳһ
ЩȻ֣ܿͱ㡮ɾ
㣬ˣǵЩϣǷѿ
׹˵
ţҲ˵㲻˵ȥѰħֵıôôˣ
ħֱˣܵˣ
׹źţȣħȻ֮ǰЩԶħҪǿö࣬Ƕ㵽˵ħֵġ
㿴˾ȱ飬˵Ҫ굶ɽħֻնɱʥֻҪڣǵħֶ
ʥںδ

Ҳҡͷţþʿȥɣħֺʥޱǿǰﲻʲôæ
һնɱʥ͵ħ֣
ţʵ
˹׹Ÿȥɣ
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ţԲ£˵һ仰
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ҡͷʥʲôط԰ϢڲɣҵʶѾ굶ɽûκһֻħܶʶ׷٣ǡ
ʲô
ǰһˮ̶ϢܲѰͬȥƣ
˵

һˮĽԶһˮ̶ˮ峺ǳˮ̶ΧһЩСħϢˮ̶Χ¶ƺǺ¡
ЩСħ棬ﲢûֻħټ
׹˵
ͨ
һֻСħȻ׹ŵˣŵֱԾˮ̶Уһˮˮ̶еˮȻ˲ǲ١
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˹üͷ΢壬˫֮УһɫâɫâȻһֲ㿴Ⲩ˹Ȼˮ̶еˮȫҪս֮С
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ΪʲôʵѾִ顯ľ磬굶ɽУܶԸħһֶɣ
굶ɽʥ͵ħֵĵ̣뿪ˮ̶ƱػܵҵϢҿɲΪǵū
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Ǿ˵ʥҺ͵ħճҺںһ飬ܹ굶ɽϵħȻҲط赲ǣֻˮ̶еˮŮ޸ˣˣ
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ڣ
û뵽Ȼһֻ顯ħ굶ɽϣ˺ܳһʱ䰡
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Ȼǵħֵ

˿һƽƽм׳βˣˣȫǽӲӵƬˡ
޴ޱȣǲҲѧСѧһһ㡣
󣬺ˣǾȻŵôˮ̶֮һԾ𣬵ԼİΣ
û뵽ɶ࣬˺ħֵľеһ
оŸͷһͷڰ֮г֣ͬʱͷڵ͹ѹȵġ
ţǾ˿̵顣
ʥؾҪ
׹źȵ
Ż֮һӣⴸҲǻ洸һɳ죬֮ͬʱһͷ֮ϡ
ˣ
ֻ΢΢ƶһͷȻһ׹ű㱻ڵϡ
Ҫʩչķ׭Ԯʱ׹ŷҪ˲ɡ
˹ˮҲ޿κֻʥؾ
Ȼ߲һϵĶ֣ȻҲֻڤ֮С
һڸһڸϴ裬˵ħֵľ㿩Сӣ
ŸͷУһͷͻȻҪײ㣬Ϲ֣Ȼһ壬Ѫ񵶺Ͳоͬʱųһǵâȴ˿˲ʥ
ЩСӣΪԼܹ굶ɽǣǵڤ֮أĻ˭Ҳܻɱʥ˭ҲУ
꣡
ͷһӴĻȻֱǾǡ顯ľ磬ȴǸ޷סʥĻ湥ơ
ɲ֮䣬ǿǾΪ̿Ȼʧȥ⻪
ͷȻһǺ̿ȻͷС
ѪſȻҧ顣
ڣ
һҧϹͷĵĺܡ
굶ɽֻħҲʥֻһ䣬Ǿ
ʥЦ
Ÿͷǰƶƺʱ׼˳֡
㲼½磬Ҳֻһ˲֮䣬ͱ⼸ͷ顣
㿪
ͷ֮Ȼһ§ֱӰѲ˹§ڻУһѪ񵶻Ҳǲһͷžǻ׹š
׹źͲ˹Ҳһ̣ʥǰҲֻۣ׸ˡ
Сӣҿξǣ
ʥӻȻһûһֱӰ׹źͲ˹ϣһ̣ǿⲨ˹׹žȻھŸͷ֮£ǾŸͷһĿˣʱܰǳԵ
ǷǾһ㡣


1471 ʥ
뵽ոʥɾһŭû뵽ʥȻǰɱⲨ˹׹ŶǰĻҪڰˡ
˹׹žͱʥ֮ϣǾŸͷȥҪͼˣСޣʱ԰ǳԵңǵƺһǿֻǱѹһ
׹źͲ˹ʥУҲ﷭Ļ磬˭ʩչֱӴݻʥ
ʥװɣ
㵭˵
ףʲôҽףѣ
ħشָûиһǧ꣬Ҳǣȴָ̰
˵
ߣСӣΪ˵Ҿͻôħֵж֮ѻָ
˵õ
ƾճһϹ⣬ЩϹЩԭ˹ƳˮЩˮȻڼʥǾŸͷʮֻ۾ľĿ֮£ȫϹװˮ̶֮С

ˮ̶ٴװ̣ʱ
𺳣
ʥȵ˵˹׹ҲһȻƴȴ޷
ЩĺܣħֺΪȷʵܵشĻҪչǧ꣡
֪һȣ
۾
ߣ㶮ʲôħ֮Ҳʵģ
Ƕħ棬ô氮ģ
˵
ƨ£
ʥֻͷֱӰץ˹ȵҴǻ߹
žžણ
ʥٶޱȣת˲ִһ޴ɽ
ɽ֮УܹεεΡˮˮδʯ㿴ϵʯѾӿݵˣȻ⴦Ѩڵʷ̫ƾá
ƻƣȿȣ㲻˵ȥɱһֻħôôȥôã
Ѩ֮Уħֵ
ƻƣ
ʥġơθڵ
ħ磬ҲֻСˣ
Ż
ƿڴԲۣܵû˵ʱ򲻣
С
һĿħֱ˵Ĳᡣ
ħִӶѨڲ֮ʱ㣬һŭ㣬Ȼ㣬㣬Ůޣƻƣôɱǣ
ҺСһףܰϵã
ƻƣô棬ȻĻ
¡
̲סĻƻҪᱻƭתȻ̸Բۣ˺ĶԼعʢһ׼ʲô
ɱɱɱ
ħֺȵȻҺͻƻ֮䴿İ飡
ˣɱ˱۵ô
㿴ǵħҪΪճҺѵ
ǵħԭ뻯ճҺһĻȴٴλָ
ħ磬㲻ҪŭֻҪСõ˺ۣұɱǣ
ߣ
ħһ
ʥɿˣ˹˵Ҫȵħ֣֣֮أ
ϲвоô
˵
˹ͷȳȥоһʩչȥƬΧңᱻ˯
׹̳ŶѨ֮ȥʥȵܣ
ǼͷҪ׷ˣ˹ȴ׳о
о򿪵һ˲֮䣬Ѩһɹɳȵİ׹⳯ʥ͵ħϮ
ʲô
ֻħûκηӦֱӳ˯ԭء
˹תɳѨ
ô
׹ʵ
ֻħѾҳ˯
ǿɱǰ
˯ħ޵еĴڣܵκι
ô鷳
׹ҡͷ
ֻħˣ
ҡͷ
ܣôô죬Ҫ֪
˹˵ʲôʱ򣬷ֶѨУһ㣬𶯡
˵㵽һԣǽԸ
˹׹Ȼ֪ҪȫȫԸʥ͵ħ֣һֱӶ㵽պܹλá
ŸͷȴǶѨ֮˳з׷׶ŭ⣬ǵħҲΪճҺָ֣֮ȵߣǺʵȴǰǿҪ˯һһҹ
ֻڤܹסһӾǲˣ

㣬죬Ҫ
ߣ
һѪУȻâǵħֻȥ
ں˲оѪȻشĵħֵܵסģʥȻõħԼǰˡ
һ֣ĵâɵ
СӣҲˣҪ㣡
Ÿͷһͷǰ㾪ˣοǾŸͷȻһԾеѪ񵶶򿪵ڶо֣˸
һ׹оȣо

ȵ
һĹǾŸͷȥЩؼ伫ΪҵĻһС
񶼳ԾŵǰĹ𣬱ҵԪҪĶ࣡
Ǿֻ޴ͷҲһ֮⡣
䣡
޴𶯣굶ɽڵضɽҡ

׹źͲ˹˶ȻֱӴݻЩ֮⣬Ȼһֻʥͷ
ͷֱӷճɻҽ
ȻҲֻһֻͷˡ
аֻͷʥ˻ȥ

ͬʱ굶ɽһˣҲɽ
һһŵڤʿ룬ǵĿĺܣƺʱпܳ굶ɽ
ڤˡ
ǵһ
ţ˵굶ɽսʥӢۣܷҶʵǵӢ¼
˵ͷӢ
ɽȴһԸ̣ģãݣǣӲûµģ

ˣ
ƺƵĶִԶǲжʿ
ǵľվǰˣŵһʿɽײҲǸг
һһǵһܾɣû뵽ֻô£ȫɽߣţǵȷ湤ò̫ʵ
һ˵
һҲǲмϴν굶ɽţĴ֧ʱΣȴʱûеôˣѵҪǰڱϿϷô
ٽԴҪɽ
վס
ţȵƺȫţ׹ǰװʲôƣʿٲȻһĴڡ
ţǸʲôǲоˣ赲ɽôߣ
ͬڡ
ɽ֮ϣǾ顯նɱʥҲϣκˣȥǣ
ţȵ
ͳǵأ˭
顯֣⻹ţٶɫһ䣬΢΢һС


1472 ɵħ
ȿȣţڿЦô顯֣ôܣ㣬ǾôܻС顯֣
ǰ顯ҪĴڵĻôǰû˵
ϵƽͣϵЦݣȴ絶һ
ߣţɲǰϲҫľ٣ֻλ顯ְˣԶԶǶλµġ顯ֶ࣡
ȥһڶ͵߰顯֡
ֻ顯Ҳǿʮ顯֣ǽ굶ɽҪնɱʥ͵ħҲǾ޿ܡ
λҲǡǺǡЦһȻΪһʵǰȴʵεһţһ˴ﵽ顯磬ʿֵһᣬΣȻһð顯֣Ǳкһ׷ʲô顣
ţɽ֮УѵƾǾնɱʥЦˣǶ굶ɽǸӢܽģ
ҵǺĺܣţǳ̬ĸɽϣҪ֪Ǿһ顯֣ǲףɽ֮ϣߺߣҿǵһҪԭˣ
ţﲻ֪ڿԼüͷ΢壬ͲŶλˣҵĲɽ֮ɥȫԱΪǰԶǵһӢۣǰţ֮ˣ
ߣţҪ裬һ˴һʿ裬ǿǷɽնɱħÿ
ٺȵ
ЩʿȥȴǱһʿʵʵĵס
Ⱥһʿǹвɽˣ
һЦ
ڶУּ顯֣˫ǰ赲ŵʿȻȫƷ

ţᵽһ˿ΣգپȻڴ˿֣ЦţЩıƴҪ缸ˣ
ÿһʱ䣬һαƴ
Ŵ״Ԫһ㣬ǵһĻȻӵڤĻᡣ
Ҫ֪ڤɲͬͨڤ統УǼ¶ģ
ԣЩоľٶѵüڤһ档
ߣ
ţڤһڤ⣬ǷҲʹܺʹ˿̵ţƽ֡
ɽ
סţһ˿ǿ֮ˣɽ׾٣˿ɵ
ɽһǼеӭ͵ڶļٶüȥһ֡ۡ뷨¶ҪúúϼƺϼƣϾУ̧ͷͷ
ţ͸Һúôɽףǿ飬һģ
ɽ
٣Ǻã㲻˵˭ҲҪɽô
ˣǿɽҲûа취ֻϣǲҪѰɣ
ţ뷨ֻάһ롣
Ϊһ룬ɽϵİ
ɽ֮ϣضճҺʥҺĻЩҺܹƬɽڶ͵ʿɽ֮ϣֻҪһȵЩҺȫЩճҺճס
ճҺЩʿĽŵ׸ȥܿɱЩʿˡ
٣Ƕˣ
˶
Щ֪룬֪ʲôźãǻڤҲɱЩѵˣʮ顯֣Щǰͬ޲ߣ
ţ˵ûɽ֮ϣȷʵϣ
䣡
ɽھ𶯣
Ҫɽһ㣬һʯ£ЩճҺЩ˶ɿЩûȥʿϡ
ܣܣ

ͻȻѺ
ʮ顯ֶڶϺ󣬰ɽ¸ţҲǳһЩͨʿЩճҺľ
ܣ
ţ
ʬҰⲻʮӵʱ䣬٣żڤʿʬ壡

꣡
㿴Ǳյһͷʥƺڤ״̬Ƭ̣˾һĻˣʥǱٵͷȻ
죡
ôܣ
˹׹ͬʱȡ
ٵԴȻǱڻ
ҲЩɻ
ʥչŸͷСӣò˵ЩΪǿĶֲ֣ܹħ磬ɽµЩɽȴָҲ㹻
üͷһ壬ǵܹʹͷ
㼸ˣˬˣǾȫû
ʥ˵
ǵħҲ˻𣬡㣬Ȼǲ֮ɱ㣬ȴ㣬ʱ򣬿Ҫָã
ƾǣ
Ц
統УΨҶΪѰͻƣƿͨͨôܻᱻˣˣִҲûаڡ
ĵߣΪȻЩָܹģϧ͸һ漣Իгŵϧӵص磬ÿһ羰
ֻǡ顯ħȻڳԣɲһЦ
Ц
׹źͲ˹ܸоɢǹɰǿ׹˵˹㵽Ǻηʥٶȣ²öãҪɾ
Ҳ˵Լǲ֪֮ˣĲ֮ʵԽԽˣ
˹ҡҡͷ
ƻƣС֪ǵ
ħѾճҺΧеճҺȥ϶ٶ𤵽һЩֻҪһճҺЩճҺ࣬ͬϸɢһ㡣
ܿЩճҺס㣬ʹö
㣡
˹

ȵ
ߣ㣬Ҫ㣬練ƣ㻹ʲô˵
ħ֣ţ۱ɱ㣡
ĩϺ˹׹ŶһɺǿҵɱУ
Ҫˡ
ϱǿϹ⣬ЩϹӡճҺ֮ϣϴһɫˮһ㣬ü֮䣬һڵİ¶ɲǼ䣬˹Ĳôһ˿ͣȷʵڴ˿ޱ˧ġ
ȻʱҲ޷ֳһ˿֮ϣͳƣ
žžžž
һǿҵըϱѿһ޴裬ЩճҺȻ赱еĻ棬ֱȼա
ȼճ
ܣܣ㣬㲻ҵģܣ
ħ˺ѷΰ졣
ħ磬ôˣôˣ
ʥԾ
ֻͷȻ˹ȥһƺȫû˵ħֵУռ֮УҲҲħֵκ졣
ƺǵħֵʧʹʥҲ˶ݵĵͳֻͷȫأǶڿƶįںʲô
ͻȻǾֻͷ۾ȫ÷ǿҵɱ㣬㾹Ȼɵħ֣ҲҪɵ


1473 նɱ
ɵˣ
˹׹Ŷû뵽㾹ȻѵħɵˣѹֵħֵʧΡ
ʵɲ⣡
׹ŵ˵
ʵɵħ֣ȻҲͻȻʵйأΪħֱͱˣҲȫʢʱڵһ룬ħͼס㣬ʥһȴû뵽ᱻ㷴ɵ
ʥȵħҪǿĶ࣬㲢ûд⣬ѪȻһӣֱӵסһֻͷĹֻͷ棬һ֮⳯Ϯٴδ򿪲оһٴγ֡
ʥĻ浹ǾԵֲģȻʵҲ̫ǿҲֻǡ顯ڽ׶ΣֻͷһĻ棬ǿˡ
㣬СӣҵҺ֮ϣȻһڤʧǷ˼
ʥȵ
һŰħֱ𣬾ֻͷĿϬٴγ
䣡
׹ſʥսЩ΢΢㣬˹ոУѵǴ˵еף
˹ͬ𺳣ʶʩչ򶨵Ķ࣬΢΢ͷ
㷽ŵȷʹ׵һɱֱӻʥֻͷ
֮ϣʥҺͷ϶ɫѪҺ
Ҳ̶á
㾹Ȼӵǿ
ʥʣµֻͷڿƶ
ߣʥǲɱ㣬ħֶҪ굶ɽԣɣ
ȵ
ħ˵ֻҪʥڣħ־ǲĴڡ
ⲻܵشڵȻʱڣҲֻڰˣڻ޷תħֵΪṩԼʹá
ɱʥҲΪ˿̵ΨһĿꡣ
׻ٵʥֻͷڵʥ󽵣ʵÿʱÿ̶ǿģ˳֮£ȻռϷ硣
䣡
Ȼӳһףֱӿʥͷ
ŸͷʥеԴϵһÿһͷĿʹʥʵ˥һ֡
꣡
һ

ʥ͵ס㣬Ÿͷ㿳Ҳֻʣ
ԭ£ԭ£㣬Ҫͬھ
ʥ
ͷͻȻ˿Ҳ˻ȥǳＸ׵ҲȻһֱӰС
찡
˹׹ܹ㱻ʥУһСﱤ
ͬʱԶ˳ȥܣǵﱤȴǼ᲻ɴݣƾǴ˿̵޷
㣡
ͬʱ
ߣҵȼձըȻҵħ磬ҾҪ֮أ
ʥȵ
˹׳˯оǴ˿ǡﱤһ֮УȴǼϹ⣬Ϲĳ֣ȴҲò˹ٻǸоҪ
ֻͷǻ֮ϣʲôһ̣һֻͷͻȻѿ
ƣ
һͺ鶯ǡﱤзʥһ
棡
˹׹ſʥȼǽɫƬɢ
㣬㾹Ȼܹѣҡ
ʥˡ
ҪͬھģȼҲζʥҲ޷档
ȴģֻ
ʣֻͷĿƵ˹׹ϣȻɱ㣬ôɱһһ
ֻͷ
ȼձ֮ǰʥҪɱ˹׹š
˹׹ŸסһҪͬھʥ˹еĲоͷһɾ޷紵档
ۿ˾Ҫͷҧס
â
꣡
ͷǰѣ¡һ죬Ȼԭرը˹׹ſʥԱȴǷԼûκˣҲҲѡ
˵ǲҪˣֻʥҵĶ֣
϶ΣҪ֪ǿǺڰȻˡѵʹһĵģҲȷʵЩˡ
ʥ͵ħֶˣ굶ɽҲʽˣǻȥɣ
εı飬Ц

ɽ֮¡
ţ٣ɽ֮ϵȻʧˣǲʧ˰
һʿʵ
ţҡҡͷҪԷƱҲնɱʥҲ˵һ
նɱʥţЦˣ
ͬʱ
ȫȻˣԼĲɽ֮ϣжôĲҡ
ߣǶλǺúͳԼеɣ
ţ˵
㣡
ٶǱµ˵
磡
ͻȻ˳
һУʹ˵Ŀⶼɽ֮ϣӰ˸ת˲䣬ͣǰ
ţҾ֪ǻģǹȻȫعˣ
˶ͷ
˾Ǿеġ顯֣
һٲмʵ
ô㻹ɣ
ţüͷһ壬Ȼܲˬۿ˵͵ľ١
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ţȵ
λЦˣλ£ûл㱨ɽأ˵ʥɱ˰ɣ
ֹʥħҲˣ
˹˵
ʲôħҲˣ
λٶͬʱ𾪡
ܰɣһںŪǣƾҪɱֻħƭǵģ
㻹˼˵ҪóȻɽɱʥ
˹˵
Ϊʲô˵
ʥ˼ڤʿʵǿ˵Ϊʲô
ٶΪΡ
ţȵߣ֪Ṧͣڤʿҿ潻
ʲô
ɫһ䣬ǲǷ°ˣ굶ɽҪģǹҲ޷ﵽͷϣ
ת˵ߣ
ڶ͵ʿٻȥˡ
ȻҲйϾҪ洫ȥˣȻͷеˡ
٣ǻƢ󰡣Ҫȥǣ˵Ҫأ
һʿ˵
ţͷˣ鶼ȥˣôȥҲҪṦͣνǾУˣκβǣ
ţˣз
ȻǾţϣ
ֻϧڤĿĶһģǾΪڤео
ţûк˵̫໰Ȼ˴˿̶ҪݵϢ
һ£һҲصС
磬ɲ֪ɽ֮նɱʥʱ˫ֺʮΪо棬溦׳ʿһȥⲻˣ
У⼤˵
ôã
Ȼ
˵ҪǷһڿ¶Ѿ޻Ϊҽˣҵ˰ҵȻҪһ㣡
⿴㲻˵ڴƺҪ㣬˭֪һճҺǸ֮ϣʹͱˣ


1474 ɽ
ճҺϤɽ֮Щܹڱ˵ĶҺ壬ⶼöĵĶȻЩճҺٶĲˡ
ⱻЩҺϣޱȣƫƫͬסһ㣬޷
ȫһȣȻֱ˳
ЩҺֱӰɱ磬磡
˿۾պһâһϵҺȫϣҡҡͷŵϵĻɫҺ壬Щոⴲתħֵȴû뵽ӽ壬ħ־Ȼֳһ˿ϡ
΢Ĳ㲻⣬ӣҲ᳹ʧΡ
ȴû뵽һȻµˣӣҪסͷûˡ
磬Ҫȥ
򣡡
ͷҲء
У˹Ҳڴڤ۾üͷ΢壬㵽ǴȻһɧζ
˵ǸһȻ򣡡
ۣ
˹Ц˳סһ飬֮ϣ
ʲô֮ϣҺһ֮ϰɣ
۾С񳹵ײ˯ˣǲĻҾ㴲ͷһްɣ
һޣ
˹ҡͷϽȥأҪǱ׹ſˣǻ˵ã
ǽӹǵˣɶúߵģ
ǿǵģ
˹ŭһˮҪȥٸ˵һ䣬ɱ㣡
㿴֮ϵŭҲǾúЦڤ統УⲨ˹ﻹаϣ磬ɾҪˡ
ĥôڲ˹סһޣȴû뵽洫졣
㣬˹׹ţţȥӪһۣ

ûã׹ŴгÿͲ˹һǰһһгЩԾ
Ϲ£ǾԲܵ飡
˹˵
ǵĺܣҺͲ˹ڤأ
Ŷԭ
׹ŵͷĿ㣬¶һ˶
ӪУţΣһ㣬ŭȵ˽ӪУɫŻͲ٣׹ʵνΪ£
϶ѽ굶ɽĹȫߣǰ˵ǵһָӲҰ
ţ˵ͿʼֶԸǵһȻ֪Ҫȴû뵽ǾȻôա
Ҳţ飬һԭŶʱòܹһˣȴû뵽⹦Ͷˣ˾ˣȻͷ
پȻ˶Ը㣬Ϊ㲻ࣿ
ࣿ˺ĺܣң˵ţҲһСˣ
ţҡͷǲ˼˹ѫȴûа취νǣǡ
ţ粻ؽ黳
˵֪ˣǼνˣҺͲ˹׹ţҲģ
ԭͲЩҪ֪ǵĿģֻһǾо
˵干˹׹ŶһţƵЩ
˿ţίҲЩܣ˵ףţƷ˻ǼΪصġ
˵͸Եҵˡնɱʥ飬һֻع
ţ˵
Ҳ֪˵ʲô
Ƭ̣ţ˵ȻҰǽҲȫΪ飬죬ڤеһʢ£
ʲôʢ£
ÿһʱ䣬Уһƴⳡƴλ
ţ˵ȥαƴУǵһʵԶԶҲڤƽеĵλȵף
ڿǣҪҪϲ˵˵ʵϣҪǵһֵУ
ţϺǼ굶ɽĹͣʵϣҲǧ˿ƵĹϵǵǵһôһͣı⣡
٣˼αƴҪ
׹˵
ֻǵһȥҲֻŻ࿴
С£
㵭˵
㣬ɲҪˣǵУʮ顯֣ʵС
ĺˣεһʵģ
Ц
ˣţҲûźˣÿεıƴһлڤˣ
ţ˵ϣǺúüͣ
ڤ
׹źͲ˹⿴һ㣬ȴǲûкţ˵̫໰˱ʹȥ

㣬ǵĻᣡ
ʵҪ顯֣׾٣
˹׹˵
㷽ŵͷȴüͷ΢׹ʵôˣѵ
˸ǣ
˸ճӪȵ㻹Ҫʱ
һӰվһܶˣӰҲڤοֲ˹һȼģªޱȡ
ϵı鿴ǽǷŭ㣿
ô˱ôãֻ֪۵֣
ĪһЦ
㺦ҵܵôңٶûеϣСӣֱ
ǺӰߡһԹ
ɽĴ磿
׹˵
ǹɽĴҿߵղǺţǸ϶ĶԻҶˣ벻˲ǻɱʥ֮ˣЩˣ
˵˺ɱʥҲûʲô˵ģֻһֻ顯ħˣ굶ɽĻˣ
˼˵ǶˣҪֵĻ⹦˭
ԣҫʵ˼
㵹ǾȻǹɽĴ磬Ҳߵȥ
ɽ㻹дڣ㻹ʲô
һȡ
Ե䣬˿һӰ˳йǲˣ磬ǣôĴĻǶϵˣ
ţˣԸˣھУҲûаȨˣ
ɽޱȷŭУھУ󣬾ļţЩ˼Ҫ֪ǰ죬⼸ţڰͽɽ˵Ժϸ٣ίһһٸǵ
޴ķʹùɽȻЩܲˡ
ûа취ֻĿĺȷˣݺݳһڶ
׹Цɽ㵽Ҫʲô
ɽ˻ߣʲôȻҸʲôܵصˣڣҪǸۣĴۣ
ߺߺߣ
ǻ澹ȻǻһĿӳ˶һսȭͷ뵽ͱһĵĲУģպֵܳ


1475 
Ȼ紦۷İϾǸˣȻҲܵο˭סȼƷ֮ˣҲͲסİһ˿ƣȻ뵱ĳͲġ
ǹսȭͷɭЦû뵽СӻͦģôҪֵɣ
ɽҲ˵磬Ƿϻˣҽѵѵǵԣ
£
˵ЩĻȴû뵽˵еѾʧԭأһ̣ɽһȭݺڵϡ
䣡
ȭ׶ƺþöûȭͷôˬˣȭɽݱţݽȥҲ̶á
㣬㾹Ȼֵܣ
ȵҲǡ顯֣лûһһڤ쫷һ㳯Ϯûн֮أڤܺһ֮
ǣ֮صУ̫ħħֶսڣͬȡ顯統Уûһܹ㡣
оˡ
ȻԸȻҪʹо
ֿȭ
ⲫһ㣬㵹ҵЩڵϸҹ굱кͻ춷ŹĸоΪҪԸ㣬Сһ򵥣ȴû뵽ʵеĻҪֲĶࡣ
Ϊһֻ־ܻң
Ȼһ㱣һβСľ롣
Ҫ֪˵ʵͬСɣź˼УҪǿϲ١
ߣ
һȭڵ䡯һȭת˲򵽹ϣ˲㵹ȫȻûй˼˵ЩڤʵǳòզأݺͲʵû̫Ĺϵ
ͨ
屻ݺȭֱǹɽϡ
׹źͲ˹ȻԴԤϣûпɽһۣתص
ɽ˵ˣ㲻Ǻ˵ôԲۣ
ĸо
磬㲻Ҳ˵Уûеô㡭
ɽͬʹĿ

׹ߵ˹ͻȻͣ˵㣬㲻Ҫ˼ˣʵܶ飬Ҷã
ãȻ˵ʲô
㻹ȥ
ǺͲ˹ڤ⣡ţ
˵
׹ţں˼ʲô
˹ŭ
߽˹񣬡Ϊ֤ҺͲ˹⣬һ׼һޣ
˹ŭƫƫֲ֪˵ʲôѵҪϺ㲻⣿׹ſĻɡ
׹ŲûûȤϽߵˡ
㻹ҪҪںڰ˼꣬û޳֮ͽ
ǰûңҪУͲˣ
˹˵㣬Ҫ棬ɱ㣡
᲻ã
޳ܰ˵һ˲˹Ĵϡ
˹޿κΣֻ˯еһŴϣЦڤĹ˯һůأ
ȥ
˹һˮûпƺãֱӻ񣬡䡯һ񶼱
磬ô
˹ڸڣ˹ıըҲʹΧ˶ƣ˭֪ǿ˶ڸڡ
˹εľҪɱ㣬ߵһ赭дģ
˵磬˹СȻӦ㣬ҲҪǿʼҪзȵģ
Ҳ
⻹Ϲ룬ΪǱױȻҪǿиʲô
û㿪ڣ˹㻯һӰʧˡ

һҹȥ˹ûлصȻ֪ԼˣҲûȥѰϾ˹ôһλڤ磬во֣ҪգǼѡ
ӪУһǾеĴӣʿһԣԾе
ţϣ˿ʹõһܹʵ
㣬˹أ
׹ʵ
ҡͷ
ţ˵еıԣŶʽģ˶սˣ˹ڣⷽʵ
ᣡ
ŵ
ԵĹҲǹ統УϷȭʵеģʽKOFƣKOFƶȣҲûв˹һڻκĿܡ
׹Ҳ˵Ŷ沨˹󣬲ʲôģ
Ӫۼ˺ܶʿЩʿеġ
ڶľٺ͵ľҲ˹ǿţһţ˵λ׼ϳΪƾ⼸һܻǣ
ƴţϳϾһУҲʵû˭ܹóֵġ
ڲͬ׹ź㶼Ǹ֣ţҲȫΡ
ټţûдǣҲһŭǿԶʱǼ
˳ǵĿ⿴ȥԶˣΪ׵һ˻ֻ۾Ŀ񣬴ڵڤʵǲף㻹߼˵УȻС
ıףڻûлָȥΪǱ
Ϊ׵һ˵ݣͺײ²ˡ
Цӭˣ
˵ͷеʿˣ
һ˰ʮȫ룡
ڶһǧʮȫ룡
Űʮȫ룡
ٽ˵

ٶΪʲô˿ùվȻҲϵãߵĴˣһڤҲǾˣϵȴǼÿȻǱ˴һ١
У˭ҴǶ档
ھӪ⵽˷Ȼ˿϶Ǿˣ
˵Ҷˣ˵ǲСҺúÿˣǰͰɱ֮𣡡
ľһҵȻģ
˵
ţУܹԸģҲֻоеɣ
첻µزµԸҪҲĺܣټϹɽһϵ͸ӿˡ
͵͵һƽˮ㣬뵽ǰ㾾ľ϶ҪɱģĻһʲô⣿
ȻţҪ뷽跨ס㡣
ȴһģĿڵһɨһȦλϿ׹ţ˶Ǽˣûа
ı飬ڸ߹б¾ȥ߿ľ
ԭΪٻЩţģ٣ıΪȣûпڣʿȺͬı׵Ĺɽվ˳ˣ֪֪˭Ҵ绹ң
ǹĵܵܣ
ľ˵
ɽ˭վģ
ţһһȥ
ţɽȻ֪˭˹ҲںЩڣɽ㵹˵˵˭
ľ˵


1476 ɱ
ţԭҪֹɽٱģȴû뵽ľ
ʹиˣĹɽ֪Ͱӵһȥˣؼʱ鷳
ʿ˿ҲɽҲ棬ĸ˸ҴĴˡ
ɽ뿪ڣȴǰ˵ˣУûˣ
ûˣ磬
ɽ㿴ˣ
ôῴ
˵㿴ˣǿˣ
ȵ
ȷеˣ
ȷ
ȻзǾ˸ңߣҪץסǰƤɣ
ľ˵
⻰ţһɣû˵Ļ֮ıԣνУ
ȴǺţ뷨ͬǸҽҷǵſľ棬Ҳ϶ǲƹģ٣ȷǿľĶ֡
ȻҲ֣Ǿıԣڿʼɣ
ľ˵
ͬʱͷ
ӪУһԵص㣬̨һ㣬ľ˵ţÿζǵһףҲĥŵҪҪѵһ˵ʵڵģҵϲ£һεһȻףҲ˲á
Ļû˵꣬ţ˵εһ϶ǵһ
Ŷ
ľ۾Ź⣬û뵽ţȻš
˵ţΪ˼ˣͿˣҪ֪굶ɽʱǿ˳죡
˵ĵһңţҲǺȵϼ°ɣ
һϼ£쿪ʼɣѾȲһıˣ
ľ˵
磬ոΪʲôֹҰҪǰ㹩ȥǻģ
ʵɲ⣬˶δ֣ŭֱնɱǣǸΣ
ɽˣŸղŵ顣
֪㲻򵥣ҲǲҶģһˣҲûлᷭģϾֻһ
һǵһ͵ڶ֮䡣
һߵţ׹ţ㡣
ŵʵȻǿŲıڶϳ˶鼶֣Ҳֲöٺô
˾ãŲʤ
ڶҲǱԷһڤֱӻأ׹űŵʵҪǿϲ٣ʵһ߾͵ִ鼶еĻ֮ҲޱȣԷȻ鼶֣ȴȻղ

ڶľٿߵʿ׹һ߷ɵĳ鲻ԽĽ
ܶʿֲǲһʵʲôʱȻǿҪ֪ڶе˿ɶǡ顯֣ôܻ䡣
ϾӡУһţһȺ
ľ˵ţѹôţһȷʵ࣬ڶĵ˿ǲ򵥣˵նɱʥĹ
˵꣬׹űһжԷҼ磬һ˳ȥ
ʲô
ľûȫû뵽ⱻڶ񻯵ļһȻ˲һ찡ȻûУͱ׹Żܡ
ʵնɱʥ
ڶľɫľȵʵңʥΪɱƾɱ
Ǿŵò˵ľȻƽʱҪţãԭ֮һ˻ƨţıƨȻͿľĹϵǺܺá
ǣڶʿ޸֮һ㱻׹Żܣľﲻ֪ٱȻѣʵնɱʥŹ֡
ڶͻһеģ
ţ˵
ľٲмţ˼ǾʤǣҪ֪ǵйϵǿ
ǿ
ľʾɣˣⳡҾˣ
ⳡŵһλɣ
˵
ҪŵһλǲҺϳ
׹Ц
һֱӽأԷǸ˫ڤʵв̫ǿȵΪǸðŻĹּһЩʵߣҵǲм֮һս
ɣҲҪ̫鷳ˣһϰɣֻҪңһˣ
˵
е˶Ļ˵һʿǳЦǸԲУȻҪһҪ֪鼶֣
ľ˵ǻʲô㶼˵ˣǻϳֻҪǵӮˣ
һҪӮ
ľ˵㵹Щ˼
ˣնɱʥģǴˣ
ţ˵
ҵҪúÿˣ
ľ˵
ɽǵ˵磬˵ܻ鼶ֵô
ܻܵĻ֤Ҹոյľȷģ
˵
ȫϳǿм˵׹ڳϣǻκ֮ģϾ׹ŵʵǿУǱսɣǼģǸûп˭ս
ǵʱ굶ɽ£Ҳֻ˵˽ʥУȻΪʥ׹һնɱġ
СӣҪΪĿۣ
ϻ˵
˵
ߣ
鼶ȻϮĴ鼶֮Ľԭ˻ΪȻһʾ׵ļȴû뵽˵ĶݣǶûзӦ
յĽǾΪ㱻鼶˲ɱ߳⣬һǵâֱӰնˡ
ʹ޷վս
Ȼڱ֮УƬ֮󣬵һʿŶź޷ǾһЩţƵףȻҲΪйһڶ
ѹټǧĶ
Ҫ֪ⳡ֮ǰÿαԣһĵס
ȴķʽھܹͦˡ
ʿȫޣЩŸղŷһĻ
϶һα飬ſľһŭı飬Щ
ߣˣڻʲô˵ʥôģ
ǣǵһ˸ɵģ굶ɽҲǵһĹͣǡ
ٶͷȥ
ǣΪṦͣȻţ˵ţָӲ˲ʱǾе˲أԭǼٻֲãЩ죬һֱҪҿѵһɢԭѾڱϣһˣ
ľ˵ߣҶǼֱ̫ʧˣǳ˻ᰢķУʲôʱҪˣȫţͳˣ
ˣ򲻿ɰ
ߣ
ľ˫ڤֱӰɳȥǶʹڵѪˣ
ˣλвԣѫҲĶ࣬Ҿеȷȱ鼶֣ǲ
ţľɱģҲв̣Ͼһھôˡ
ôֲһĻɽȻվڱ֮УħһڵˣһĵŹ˵磬ǶԵģҪ˵ȥˣĵ£


1477 ¹
ڵϵľٿధ¿ľֱӱǣˣ´Ҳƭˣ

ľȵûɱˣ˵ţٵУΪֱԺˣǸΥɱ⣡
ǣ
ţͷ
ʿ˿Ҳˣľ£ȻԺڶ͵沢˵һһ㣬λٶҪţοˡ
λңȴǲҵκԹԡ
ľƬ̲Żвˬ׹˵Ƕ˶Ҿе˲ţر㣬նɱʥ˹ѫҶȻʵڤˣ͵Žڤɣ
ڤ
˶ԾһҪ֪ڤڤ統УڤڣС߲㡯ԱסĵطǿľҲֻÿʱ򣬲ܽ룬֮µ˰ڣڤͲܡ
ȻһЩмǱΪڤôѫ֮ˣҲлڤ֮С
ڤڤʿһӵԸ
ľʸڤʱϳĽˡ
׹ţҲϣڤҿľһȡ˶ڤҾܣ
ľ˵
ȵţ˰֮ٷżǵϾǷŭ飬Ȼոտľǰǰӣ˵һּ衣
ǵҲ޿κΣϾ£вͷǵĲΧԣҪ꺮ůȴǱ˺ȵԺǶҪţˣҪƨȥţģ
оȻľ٣ڤı
׹ҡҡͷһصģ˵ô벨˹䣿
ﰡ
ʼ磬ûгϣʵȷʵΪ˹ģȻво֣ڤ統Уȷʵûһ˿ڤĲˣڲ˹˵Ƕǿˡ
˵ײ˹뿪񣬻ǹϷȣЩΡ
ȥ£ʲôð
׹˵˹ȻǺ񣬼ĴڣǶҲ;У˵ʵһͦ׷ģ
ûж˵ʲô
ڶ죬㻹Ļָȴ󺰴У磬²
۾ʲô£
ڤץ˸Ů̿ͣ
Ů̿ͣ
ǰŮ̿ҲãڤǾ˶֪ȴ⵱˽ȥһڤ˶֡ץҲǻã˭̫үͷ϶
˵Ļɫٹֳһ㡣
ǸŮ̿ʲô
˵ƯͲˣ
˵
üǲ˹С椰ɣҴڤȡоҲСܹóģƯ͸ӷϲ˹صˡ
ڤҪȥڤ
˵
ҡҡͷǿɲ֪ڤ
ҪȥȴǱסǲ֪׹֪
Ϊʲô
Ͽľ˵ڤ˺ʶ׹ˣǸſľڤ
˵
ͷִӪʱѾ׹Ҳڸ׹˵㣬Ů̿͵飬֪ˣ
ţȥڤ
˵
Ҳǲ˹
ȷΣˣڤϾڤ統У˹Ķ֣
˽̸ţţͿľҲӾӪ߳ţ˵Ƕиˣţѵüڤһ棬ǵãôܼڤҶΪǸˣ
ţͲҪĽˣ֮ףԺȻлڤģ
ľ˵㣬׹ţһλƼʮڤʿڤǾռϯʱǿɵúúñֱ֣
λ
ţڤܴ󣬽Ƕ궼ںħǾҲ֮صһߣҲ֮أ
׹Żǵһڤ統ÿһѹλ
֮⣬ڤ磬Ȼ崦ҪԿħĵطڤҲͺڰһңֻڰ統У֮սڤȴǺħ֮ս
㵹Ҳڤ絽жھҪڤŮ̿͵ǲǲ˹Ͼǲ˹ڤܿܲŹ
ſľ߳Ȼ˽ڤһֵϲʬ⣬׷һЩˣľ˵ģܻڤ
˵ƬǻǺܶΪͼڤפĵطûŵ˵Ϣҧܷɿƣ
ڤ绹зɣ
ȻڤȴǲܿƣԺǾͻˣ
ľЦ
˶ûȤ֪һǳأľֽܵڤסĵطǲǺͻͬ
׹ŵͷûʬˣͺڰǲ࣡
˻ǳضһڤƽĵط
ľ˵
ǳصУмڤʿſľľã
ͨˣ˵ҿľҪڤ
ǣ
Ǽڤʿͷ
Ƭ̣һ˱Ǵľǲ˼ں飬ʱ޷Ϊڤţ
ʲôǸ϶죬Ϳ԰˦һߣ
ľ
УľΪͣǳصĳѣֻгܴڤţǳأǣľȻǲԸһǳء
ľ˵ɵ÷ص㣬ɲǾǾ¹ǣ
ǼʿʼԿľˣҪ֪ĵȼ֮ϣǾ¹ǵĶٳͲǺˬľҲżëʹˡ
¹Ǿǰ涥ţǳ˰ݣ
ľȵٸһλᣬϽͨ٣ڤҺͿľĲݣ
УľռϯڤʸߵԭˮݣҲǸ٣Ҫŭľ
ڳǳ֮ϰѾԻȻڤ統ǺҵϵŮ˵ģվһڤЩڤﵱУõǲģɢɫâ顣
˵ٳľڤĺܣȻ˵Ǿ굶ɽһնɱʥ½ڤǼλؼǣһеģϲζʿİɣûòɽç򣬵һְڤ֮Σ


1478 ڤ
ĻȻٺͿľ֮ǰìܣȻƽʱûڶǰ˵ľĻջۣٳȻҲǿľĺܡ
ٳҪľɫƣ򣬶Ҷٵ˭ˣ
Ӣ
ͷǾΪµʿҲˣµĹѫȻɱʥҲҲǾеϣ꣬ٴˣ
ٴˣ
ĿȻ䣬ɱ֡
ٳЩȣ鼶ڸ֣ʵףɵúú꣡
鼶ڸڤУѾǶˣҪֻ֪鼶ڣٳҲֻ鼶ڸ֣껹ˣɼǱ֮޴
ţȴüͷһ壬˵´ˣ
ٳų¿ȥµȷˣȴǿľӣһ˻ɢ棬֮񣬶ߣһ˳ֿȭתۼǰǻʿ
Ҫ֪еʿ඼Ǿʵձӽ鼶ˣѾʮʿգۼҳһš
֣
˵
ߣĸ֣Ҿ¹ж䣬ҲҪú
ٺȵ
Ҳǵͷˣȥֹˣ
Ӱڳǳ֮ʧת˲¡
䣡
׹˿ŵڵһŵʿЦǳеʿǺôټԮ
㣬ǣ
Ǳʿӳʹ˵
ԭǲֶԸЩʿģһٵѿľ׹ⲻҴǸʲô
ЩȻǶ֣ԮʿʵҲһ㣬˿ġ
ľûֹˣһӻģⶫٳǶ죬һԣǸʲô˼
ǳ˴ڤţĻ¹ǣҿľǴˣ
㲻һҳ£ˣ
һۿȥҲǿ˳߹˵ƷǷһǾ¹ǵĳ٣ˣӦþŽڤʿ
оʿǿҵĵ⣬ƺｫɱ룬һڤﵱǳòģĪǿ˱Լ˧ľͲ⣿
ľٳҲûаη壬ֱ׳ٳҷڤ֮λѫ֮˽ڤʿȴǰٰӣǺ⣿
⣿ڳϺҪ£ʿͨ󣬱ֻ֪Ҽʮ£Ǵ±ڤ˶УԲ˶ߣ
ΪܹŵľȴЦٳҿľ߲ܣڤ֮УֻҪڤ˶ҳͷҾԷӣڣٺ٣㻹ǰڤŴ򿪰ɣ
㣡
ŭڣû뵽ľȻ˵󣬾Ȼڶײ֮ڣߣҪҴڤ֮ţ룬ղ´ôˣҲҪǣ
һԿ֣˵ˣɱţľµˣСǰھնɱһֻԪޣʵʥ٣ֻľľ֮صе굶ɽʹǵĹѫֵ֮ϣʵڤʮ˵У˭Ķ֣
㿴ǰƺʱ׼ֵ꣬ҡͷһЦ׹ȻЦ⣬һֲмӣ
׹ںڰ˼ļһ㱣־⣬Ǳж󣬻뿪ڤ統УʵͻҲһ
˵ǰ㻹ǿ׹ŲţľҲţ˵Ҫǵ¹нô
ô㲻ңڤǰ´ĺô˵ʲô£
ô
ľ׹ţ˶Ϊм
ߣ꣬ɵǣ
˵ԭľǵͷȥ󣬱ϾʱľҪûеִڤڤ׷ҲӸϵǼľǰ˿Դ
꣬ɲҪñʧ
˵
ͷ֣ȴǴ
йɵ
һ££һʮ¡
Ҳͣ˵ߣľˣħ죬ˣڤ֮ţ
ٵͷұǽڤľµк
óһ鱦ⱦмһââ֮£ȼ˶ͳȥˡ
׹ʵħʲôͦµģ
ڤٻڤλָ߲˭̸ȥڤĻܲģ
ľ˵ȻϵĲڤ統еĸ߲㣬Ϊܹڤ֮ţ
ѹǰ㺦£ԭˣ
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ת˲һ⹬ǸûʣһֺׯϺܹӵĸܣ㿴һˣв˶ӹȥǼӦöǺԼһˡ
֮վŲһˣаʮˣʮԼڤеĴ󳼣Ųڤ統ΪӢµڤʿ䲻ÿһ˶Ų鼶ڵʵ
ڤ˴˴ôټǣһҪ
Ҳ£ʮѫ˵飡
ʲô飿ˣ뼱һʱڤнһŮ̿ͣ˵ΪŮ̿͵飡

˶ڴ⡣
׹㣬ӦǺ£

˵
浣Ů̿;ǲ˹ڤħ£ҪԸ˹ǿɾ͡
׹˵
ڴʱһڹӹ֮˸ȵʶʱǵӰѾ֮ϡ
Ǻڰ˫֮˸źɫ棬ͷӲǣӲ֮磬쳣
ϰ¶ɨһȦˣ˵ټˣ
ˣˣ
ڤˣǳ⵽ħƴ翹ŸϹģڤ˿һ
ڰֱײ
ħӼǧ궼û죬죬ڤȻҪ飬˭ǳٵ϶Ҫܵϳ͵ġ
ǼȫڲڤĿѾˣǲýţħӱѾǧûˣոҲֻڻħӵԼλ̬ȣţǱֵúܺãܿģڤ֮Ϊҷǣ±سɣ

Ǽ˴˿Ȼû뵽ڤ˵ⷬһ˵Ҳǳ׷ˣղǶڤήǣǶ˵ڤӢ
ڤӢ
еĲ˶ź
׹ŵǲΪϾ˶δҪڤ統Уֻڤеоˡ
ӢǾȻ˵Ӣ
ڤ˵ǱĻ¾Ҫͷˣ
ڤˣŮ̿ͣץ𣿡
Ȼҽڤ֮дɱӵô
ڤЦˣҰŮ̿ʹ


1479 ڤԼ
ڤĻ䣬˱˲ĿͶڤ֮⡣
ڰص֮УһŮˣ׼ȷ˵һŮϢŮ׹ſŮˣһۣȻǶûв´ŮˣȻǲ˹
˹ϵûʲô˺ۣȫĵڤ޷ʹóڤ˹Ҳ˵ǿ֪Ů̿˭
ҡͷ
Ǳ˵֣˶Ҫ𾪣
˶һڴ״
Ǻڰ統е֮һ񣡡

ȻǺ
ڰ統е
Ͷˡ
ѹƯԭǺ
˹ҵĲоڤ磬ҲĶ֣㾿Ҫ
˹ڡ

нڤԭΪɱҵģ뵽Һ֮û̫Թ׳оһ̣ףеоģ
ڤ˵ֻǿϧڤ統Уʵۿۣӵг˯оҲûа취ȷˣ
˹ҧ´Ĭ
ڤ˵ûڤƾͼ֮£Ҫòо˯ڤõоȴû뵽ڤӦٶȼ죬Ͳ˹ᣬ˹Ҳֻܱ
ڤˣıҲֻ·һ
ٳ˵
󲿷˶˵ٳ˵ĲΣħ˵ˣ
׹һؿ㣬Ͼǲ˹ﱻǺ롣
ȻȴҲûϾ˽ڤˡ
ھͰɱˣڤѾûߵ˽ˣԴħ֮ս֮ڰ綼ˣڤҪƵħ˹һ㿴ڤǿ󣬽һὣָڰ磡
ڤ˵
һ˵˱׹ԭú񿴿ڤµġ
ߣ
˹һȴû˵
ڤҲ˺飬УƼѫֵǰʮλʿڤǣ
ڵʮƼ߶վǰ
ڤĿʮɨһ飬Ƕ׹ĸȤ
׹ţ
ڤ˹˵
ڤȻʶʿ
˶Ϊȡ
ľҲһɻ󣬲漴е²ˡ
Ȼ׹ڤҲȥˣµûǻ֮񣡡
׹˵
˹ԭûע⵽ڤе˭׹ŵĻҲȻҲȻУһҪǶڤץסˣоᶼûˡ
˹Ŀ⵱вûаϴεϷʹڤ飬⵹Ще⣬Ⲩ˹˵׻ܺͷһ
׹Ų뱩¶ݣԷڤȻܹܵŨĻ˵ҲС
ⰡԭΪֻһˣ벻ˣֻϧħ֮սʱǼģֻ֮еǶμ䶼ɾˣĻ϶ܹһ۾ϳ
ڤ˵ڤ磬ҲǺͺһĿİɣ

׹ŵͷ
ã㵹̹ϣ
ڤȻһһֻħֱ쳤ڻ׹ŵĲϣ׹㷴ûУϱڤڤһ飬ڤŰѻϵĲо㲢ûУ
ڤղ˲ڤҲ㲻üȻѾ֮ϵڤڤ쳣ǿģʥǰ¾ֻǸЦˡ
׹˵ڤҪϵоΪˣΪܴӦҸм
ˣֻɱˣʲôʸҽף
ڤһƻ׹ţѪ
˹̫ˣ׹Ųİ֮˰ˣ֮ҲԸæ
˹ȵ
ߣ
ڤҡҡͷλͺúôڤɣһҪڤʿǿ󣡡
µļʿЩȻھ¹ѫǴûмڤû뵽ڤڤ֮г֡
Ȼ
ⲻò𺳡
֮УҲΪ򶨣ڤҲΪˣҿǵϣһΪ㣬ǿľ£һΪ꣬£նɱʥնɱ˵Ԫޣ˵ĹѫֵʵǿҵǺܺ棡
ڤˣڤ缸ǧѵţھʹ޵֣һΪҲѾִ鼶ڣʵ֮ǿһܱ⣡
˵
겻мڤˣҪҺΧļһۣҵʵ
Ŷ
ڤȣû뵽꾹Ȼţϲ֮ˣΪԸ
ǽĻȴǸӵĵ
ô㻹ΧļǷֻһ繷ʺһ֪ʺô
Ц
Ǳû뵽㾹Ȼô˵ʺ㣬ھ¹ǣˣħ죬ûɱ㣬ڤУߣ
꾹ȻҪڤƤ¶֣뵽ڤѹԼеŭ
˼ĺܣľڤδ˵ˣ
ڤ˵
ڤеûôעϾڤڻڤķء
ڤˣҲ˵ڤˣҵǾÿľµʮ˵еһˣΪ
кβ
ʥȻִ鼶һִͬУѹС겻ͬھУһ˶ħҴδʧܹԪޱǿɱҾ鼶֣ҾõĹѫֵӦñ㻹ߣ
˵
ľûз飬еˣȻ˶찡ϢҪǴУǿɲˡ
˵õ
ʵ֮ȥ׹ţ֣ڤ֮Уڤ棬һԣ˭Ӯңʵĵһ
˵
˼
ڤˣǶӦ
ȥ㣬˶ͷ
˵ô㣬ǶԼһûаջ䰡ģˣҲģϾʵǼΪǿģ
ɣ
Į
Ȼ˵ɣ㣡
ȵ
㣬Ҳ뿴˭ǿ󣬲ʹӦⳡԣŵ˭ӮңӦһ飬ʲô£
ڤ˵
ڤӢ
˶ͷ
Ҳ˵ֻҪģڤ᲻ã
ܣҵ˵³ŵڤ֮㣿
ڤ˵㾿Ҫʲô
㲢û˵˹ӣͷȻڤ˶˵ˣƳپδԵãⳡԣҽˣ


1480 һл
ⳡԣҲ˼㣬ȥһÿɱ˵
ڤ֮ɱ㣬ǿľӿ¾ҪȵףҲҪﵽЧҪǰľ
㣬ڤеսǲģ㱻ɱˣû˻ͬ㣬ңڤֻǿߣ
ڤ˵
֮ãҲԴɱ䣡
Ц
ãϣ㲻ʧ
ڤлһڤڤΪΣȺУһȦȦ֮ܵĻ棬ڤ˵Ǿǻսɣ
ս
ҲڤеսģʽֻһܴȦгɹ߳
ʤ̭߾ҪǿɱԶ޷ڤ֮С
ʿǲǺ㣬Ǻ꣬ΪǵһȦģɱ̫أ١
ڤ֮˭Υ˶Ȧ֮С
˹׹ҲעⳡսȻǶ겻öԸǾӮϾǴظʵ̫Ũˡ
㣬̫ˣɱǣ
˵
㲻Ϊ
ŵòվһȻҪֶԿꡣ
꾹Ȼɱˣ
˶Щ𺳡
һ̣Ͷгһ⸫ͷ渽磬ܶѾͷ׸һʥ
벻׸УʤĻǿԺú
ڤ˹˵
ݣ
ٶȿӰ˳ڿУȻһ
һâ֣ǿֵֵȴǱ⸫âȫڵϡ
꣡
ʿڹȦ֮У༸ȻӳȦȴײڹȦϣ絯
ǹ˹µĽ磬˭ҪߣȻˡ
⼸ʵ̫ǿȻֱӱ絯
һ£һʿҲڹȦ֮С
˶ȻĿ֮УȦʣ꣬˵ʬ嶼Ȧеڤճɻҽ
һϢ˱ǶȥľڵɫѿҪ֪Щ˶ǸԾж˲ţ꣬ڼǧ꣬ųһ˲ţȴһԱɱŸ
ľΪϧΪ㣬Ͼʵ̫ǿˣľ֣㶼ɱǿľЩеĵλ֪ǣڤ˹ǰԵǰ޿κΡ
ľɫܲÿأᣬͻῴ±ɱȦ֮ˣ
ٳЦ
㣡
ľȵ
ʱ̻ţľ㻹ӣһû䣡
Цʱ㻹ʵĺãΪǺöԸôڤ統УָܹΪʲô
ڤ˹ⳡԵø⣬Ҫս֮ǰҲ˵˶ǱϲʿⳡսƱֻһܹڤ磬˭ˣðĻռܹΪһʬ⣬ڤ磡
Щ͵ȵڤҲγɵģҲڤ˹һܹ˱ʬ⡣
лڤͣǾԲģ
ţһš
꣬ڿսǰԵõ͵Ķ࣬ĬȴǱΪǿ
ƣǵأڤ˹оһ˿𾪣СӣȻˣеĻҪǿĶࡣ
ǿ
ͬʱһۡ
ûбѹȵ㣬ûܵסеľ׸ҲضҸͷ֮£
ϳɱһΣˣ˼ĵ⣬ֿɵõĹѫֵһߵġ
ˣսԿ϶ԷĲӡ
ȸոտ˵ƻҪǿϲ٣һͷ£ƺ㾡ȫеһȥâˣɫʺ磬·ֻҪ˴Щɫʺ磬ͻᱻֱӴһ㡣
㾹Ȼ
˿㾹ȻǿĶ֣κжƽˮûս֮һ
ˣ֡
˿ֶˣһɫ׵֮УγһУвϵľΧһпõԴΪ졣
ôܣ
꿴е׾޴룬ĸâȻȫսȥһ̣ӰȻһе׻ꡣ
䣡
һҵıը
Ȧ٣ڤ֮ҲȫϨŨ֮УϡֻܿһӰ
һˡ
ֻϻҲ̫˰ɣֻһУȻֱӾͷֳʤ
ꡭȻ걻ˣ
֮ϵɢǶܿŵ꣬ȻûȥеĺȻ;ǲţԼսһ˲䱬ɵأӶˡ
վŵ㣬˫£߹ûпһֱۣѾٵ˵ĹȦڤǰƸûаڤ
ڤкȻԭΪһƾеս˵ҲҪټʮУȴû뵽ˣȻһл꣬бȻҪӽʵ˵ڤϣ֮ǣڤоֲļһ٣ڤ֤ܹȫס㡣
һСһɱ
ٳľȫԼ۾һ鼶ӵо׸ˣȻһɱ
ľϻָ˲ٽŸûˣ߷ߵܵĺãΪǳһڶ
ͷȥҿˡ
ʵϣҲܹ̫ݣʹǣĿǰ鼶ڵʵҪԸ鼶ڵְֻ꣬취һʹо֮µֱܹӽջҽһʹס
˲˹ǰ֮ԿڤֻҪս£֮ţûκȤ¶о»ᱻڤߣҷ²֮ĿǰʵҪԸѲڤЩѣʵ̫ա
οڤҲص֡
֮£ѡʹ׺ɱһˣڤеڤʿЩĤ㡣
Ҫ֪ڤ֮УܹڤʿĤݵģҲֻڤ˹һˡ
֪ոеˡ
ȡ
ӵϼеĺȻȻûȥԭһڤ統Уǿɱ֣磬ƧԸ񣬶ʹڤ統У˹ǡһжҪɱƻˣǰսɱ˶ˣħǰٷ֮٣ֻҪڤǰһսǳ׵ˡ
һսһУڤսĹأֻһܹӹȦ߳˶ֻڹȦ֮С
Ӻﴫ˳ڤˣ벻Ҫұʬ⣬±ӣ껹Ҫ㱨𣡡


1481 Ҫ
±ӶҪ
Թ֮УҲǳһĶ֣߰ˣǾԲ׳Լģ仰ʵǸߵۡ
ȻվڹȦ֮У˫ڱ׵ľҳײˣѾվĲ̫ȣĿһֱıӰȥƺԽߴ
Ӧˣ
ڤ֮Уһ׵磬꣬嶼ڹȦ֮ըѣʬ޴档

ңҲ֪УҪ֮󣬲ܳһǿʿݺݵĿ㣬ΪˣˣΪ걨𡭡
üͷһ壬ھ¹ǣͶٳǺô
ߣҪ
ȵ
Ȼ𺳵еĶٳȴЩηӣϾⲢļ£ûӦ
ʱħ𣬷Ļھ¹ǣҪ֮أ
˵
ʱھ¹УһֱƿľҲǿۣԭǶħδ죬ھ¹дɱ䡣
˵ǶħӲǾͿľǾ⼸ˡ
ӻġ̡
ͶҲʶһ㣬֪֣㣬ڤڤϣҷ
ڤʲôطˣﶯ֣
ٳҲ˵
׼ˣ
ڤͻȻ˵
ո£ڤ֮е˱һƬȻ˭û뵽ڤȻͬﶯɱͶٳҪ֪һƹһһһ֮
Ϊʲôڤˣ
ٳ˵
٣Щһֱ˼֣¹Ǳʲôӣз飬Ϊ֪ô㣬ľѾˣһֱҪͱˣҪɱǣ
ڤȵ
ٳƺʲôǴ˿̣âȴǴԶڵȻںڰ統ֻ鼶ڣȻͣټѪ֮еµʵ֮ʤԽսҲܹɱ֮
ڲоĴԻɱ鼶ڵĸ֡
ٳҲֻ鼶ڵʵ궼硣
âɲǻϣ꣬Ѫͬʱؿڴٴο˸ʹұֱۣӿϡ
ѪֹҲ̶á
ڤĵ棬ѪգĲ˶Ŀġ
ȥ
ٴλӳһ
Դ뿪ӣֱӿϣѪףȻ£ڲͣ鴤ͷ­۾ڶ
ľȼжڼλбΪŵģ˿һҲ˴ϲ
л棬˵ʬȫոɾѪճ
ڤ֮У˿̼žԣ˶Ȼվԭأû뵽һһνڤʿȴħһնˡ
ˣٳ๼ɱ˵飬λȥ
ڤ˹˵
Ҳά
˽Եͷû˸Υڤ˼
ľȻľУλûмʱ֣Ҳпԭ㣬ȴǲ۲۵˲ţǿأ¹ǺͳľԶ֮λ͵ɣУ
ľ
⣬ʿֱӱɾ˶ȵĺˡ
Ƕ뵽պһڤߵĴˣŵʱ򣬸ͽ
㵹ںڤҺ֮Լɲ
ʲô
˾ȣ㾹Ȼ㣬Ҫ
Ȼ֮ԼڤѾʹ㵱ˣôûаִ磬Ȼ֪þա
˻þգȴΪȻҪָƨðǰڤ͸Ҳգ۾
ڤ˹㲻ʵڣǱޣ˼άʽһ˲ͬҪ֪ҪһͨʿΪǻҪϲȴûκα仯ǱҲǿ֮λƺȻ㡣
˼
Ӳʧˣ㣬ȻӦŵֻҪӹȦгӦһ飬ͻ
ڤ˹˵˵ɣֻҪǱܼ飬쵽
Ҫ˵飬Ȼڤܼģ
˵
˵Ҫʲôڤ˶ѾɱˣˣˣȻ㣬治֪ߵغ񣡡
ˣ̫ˣҪŭڤˣҪ

ľҲǰԵģŭڤ˹
˹׹зŹ⣬ǵǾĸԣʱһǳû٣ֱڤѲоҲһ
ֵڣϾڤѲоıʲôҪ˵飬ڤ϶ڤоɱ֮죬ĺڤİ·ʱɱͺ񣬶Ϊ˶Ǻڰˣ㣬Ȼֻһ鷲ˡ
Ȼ֪ʵʥߣؼİߣˡ
Ҫ˹
ƽ׾һը죬ڤеˣҪٴ˵Ļ
ڤ˹Щֵʵ˵ʲô
Ҫ˹
ظһ顣
˶ˣ˹ˡ
Ȼûѡоѡң
˹ɾ
˾͸ˣҪ˵Ҫڸ߼Ƕ⣬˵ʲôҪ˹һ̰ͼɫô
Ҫʲô
ڤʵ
ھ˹ҹϵܣҲЩϲˣ׼ڤ統ºպˣûһŮˣǹ¶įһӣ
Ȼ

Ȼ̰ͼɫ
ڤȻԥ˵Īڤ˵ĻǺǷ²ܵŮˣǵڶ㣬ڤɷģһ֮һĵΪһͨˣӵԱ
˵ĻȻ㻰ֻ㣬ҪҲ̫
ڤ˵ãҪŮˣҲУֻҪӦҲû˵ڱУ
ڤ²⺣񣬻ĿľΪռ̤ڰʱۿڤǿʢһֳ죬ϾħԿ꣬ħһֱѹƣҲҪħڶ
˹𲻴Ӧ
ڤʵ
˹벻ӦҲаΪŮˣȻҪڤ˹ķ²ģ²ȻǵŮҪõĶࡣ
ڤ˹ͷҲ˵ȻˣҲ㲻ڤķ²ˣӽŮˣ
ڤһס˹ϵȫϣ̫ͻȻ˹ȻбҪڵأȴǳһӰһֻ§䣬һֻǹע˿˿Ϲ벨˹֮ϡ
ԭ˵壬ҲɲǼȫָˡ
һĻ˿Щ
СڤĻûӽ㽫Ůˣ
߿ġ


1482 ֮
ǱһӢӵ뻳УǸһɣڴ֮ͥ£ԼΪŮˣһҸ¶
㣬˹ľЩģҪ֪һɲһĵ֮еǿǣ̼ڲ˹УΪʲôõ飬õˣûг۰
˹ȻЦǣǿ㻳УܹܵһɴϢӢŵģʱͦ˵ġ
ڤ˻֣˰׹ѹȥҲɢȥ
ջصһţ˷ܵھҪˣ
ҲϽ˵ǰе¼£
ȻϢĺܿ죬ľ¹ǳڤ顣
ЩʿУɾΪ˷ܣʿȺв˵ǣǣҲǿ˵ʱҲ㱻޴ǷȵңΪһϵ𣿺ߣҺͷǿνǡ
ޱݵ⣬һλʦһ㣬Ѻʶľһһ顣
ţԺ飬ൣұϾէܶ඼̫ף
˵
ţͷȻΡ
ˣݲһˣɲ˯УӪУеס޻
ţ
ͷΪĺôˣ˵˹ԺҲҲǵһʿˣҵŮˣ
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˶
Ϳľ鴫٣Ⱨ˹ȴվһ˵꣬ⷽ˵磬ţƣǰΪ׷˹Ѱģżݵˣͬż񣡡
˹û뵽㻹Ѱ
һЦ˹ЩԵĶҪֺ֪ƤղȫΪƭװΣǵ㲻ɡ
ϾĸŮ֪һΪԼѰ˵ģŮ
Ĥ֮£ˡ˹˾Ӫס޵ĵط
ԭΪסĵط˵ҲҪеõطǧٱɣô˵Ҳһٶڹ磬ССһԱŰء
ʧˡ
סĵطֻУһ㣬Ҳǿ٣ʩȴǼΪª
ſһӱ㺰˽ľǰסֵط
ǰ˲ס
Ϊʲô
˵ļԭھ¹УļˣȻסڳУӪеסޣҲûжܣ
ͷ
ˣҪĻҲȥ¹оסڤй涨֮ϵԱ
˵ˣ֪ˣҿɲһλϲ̰ͼܵ
뿪֮󣬲˹Ϊط㵹ǻԴȥͲˣУֱлΪΪֻһŴ
Ȼò˹ЩɲһŴס
ڰ統еҪ˯𣿡
ôҪֻ˯ٶѣ˯ʱʵҲģ
󷽵ͷŴˣҲҪ˯
Ҫ
˹˵˶ҪڤΪ㾹ȻҪ˯ڳǿɣ
һ˯ڴϣ
ȥ
˹СŮ״
ʵɣڶŮˣһ˯Ҳûʲôҿɲ崿ӱ㡮̣ˣ
㡪˰ɣǰɣ
˹ҡҡͷ
µûŰҪ˵ص廹൱İһֱæŻָΪ˵׻ΪԼСֵܡ
Ŵǲĵ˶ҡҡͷûˣֱȥ֮ء
֮ضû˸а飬һ·ϵʿϹϾʱȻ
ᳵ·㴩ǰƬ֣һ·նɱٵͼħ֮֮Ҳ˺ȻҪ֪ߵķȥ굶ɽ෴ĵط

һУħ֮дЩǿħ赲ȥ·һ㲻նɱ
ݣ
֮УһħӰ˳࣬תۼʧǰ
ħȻСȴҪʲô·
ʶǿ󣬸Ӧħ֮أ޷ǾɱǿħԸ㣬ָΪϾڤʵѾˣǾڵ׽ģ
ٶҲ죬ܹСһĻӰһʯڰĵطСһӰͻȻʧ
ǹȣΧȫڷŸִʯ飬ʯụƶڵҹȻ൱ֲġ
һ˫۾ʯʯļз֮¶һԴ֮Ҳܿ㷽ϵСһıӰӦҲ
СһȽأ͹Σ֮о԰ΪνСȴҲ˺ڰħձªĸоǿɰ
Сһʹʯ֮俴㣬ΪڱдԵһֻɫ棬ɫĿ¶׹⣬ϸСͷȻҪɵСһ
֮صУħħΪձ飬ڤʿ򣬼ڤĸֻǱ֮
Ͼ֮أڤΪֲĵط֮һ
ɫʵϸܵ鼶ڽ׶εħ·ŵڤ統Уһġ
Сһʵ㵹ЩףϢ⣬Щ˵ζ㵹Ǽڴⳡս
˻˻˻
ɫƺͲסˣ׵һٶȣȻСһ˹ȥޱȣֻϧһֱײʯ֮ϣ¡һʯ鱻ײķ顣
ѰСһӰ֮ʱȴǷ֣֮ϣһľֱӰסǺɫ棬ǿֱסɫ档
ɫ棬ܻǰʯ鶼ȼɻҽȴȼΧĿľ١
Щľɫûκθı䣬Ȼǻɫġ
ñħ֮ܶʱ򶼲ҪԽĻопܻẰһոڡ
ΧûܹħھԪĿľ٣ȻСһеģ˽СļһȻÿľٰɱħ
ľԽԽɫ񱩵帽ɽ֣ƺһ屬ǿ⣬ܹоɫҪˡ
䣡
һ죬ɫըɻҽĿľȴȻûаѣɼЩľٵӲȷǷҪ֪һֻ鼶ǿȵԱܹҪûϿľ٣ʵЩ⡣
֮ϵһɫľˣЩٰѾ˰ס˲룬ֱʧڵ֮ϣ˿ټȴǿٲ׽Զʯ϶еСһһ̣һʣȻǳǿ龧ˡ
Сһţ
һЦСһ꾧˱תͷһ״㡭ƺ


1483 ҵŮ
СһԽ¶ɫԽ˸оɭֲ㼸ȷǿľپǴģһֽһӲȵĿľ٣鼶Ա޷ƻ֮һ磬Ҫǿ
ңܻȫʵ
סûϹϾǰСһﻹûȫ˽⣬ȦףȻڱɱ뵽Ҫƽ⿪ЩľҪѲʱ䣬ʹա
Сһһֱûйȥ˼Ҳת˲ʧʯ϶֮䣬ȥ׷һŵĴʯƶǰɻѣҪЩʯ飬ȴǷ֣ʯüӲޱȣ޷ơ
Щʯ飬Ȼˣ
ļǵúɫȻһܻЩʯ飬Ļ涼ʯճɻҽһ̡ȻֹСһЩʯ鶼Щ졣
֮صУȷʵ
ļϣ㶼Ƭʯ棬СһＸÿ϶ܲɱһֻ鼶ڵħ¾ˣ㼸ۣʧ
һ
ЩħУֻ鼶ڵʵˣԱ޷Щľ١
ɼЩľٵǿ
ħǱɱضܹΪ
֮رΪ˻ָΪģȻҪɱǿħֻСһȻлҪǿĶࡣ
ֻҪľˣڵؽ
ɱһֻħֵɱǧֻħ
˻˻˻
һֻ鼶ڵħСһסȻǿľԽԽ㿴׼ʱħδԱʱȻ˳ȥֱʯصСһ
Сһ۾ȻâɱƣеѪâײҲʹһͷ˿̣ħĿľȴҲЩɶħƴѣȻȥȴҲǲҪԱ
СһޱȣǿЩľȴҲҪΪרģҲûɱʱ򣡡
սѪ񵶣оĽ֮£һâһʯ֮ϣǿҵУˣСһڴʯ˳Ƕżһ˿ߣЩ˿ߣЩľٵԴͷСһȻҧסЩ˿ߣľԽԽ
أ
ħƺסˣһɰ׹˸һֱӱը
ͬʱҲһСһȴû뵽Сһ鶯ޱȣʹˣҲȻһԾ˲ĹƣľٰѾ˾Уһʣ븹С
һģ
Сһ￴񣬿ʼ˱仯Ҳ֮ǰǰ㰧һŭ⣡
ĺӿ˿ߴһľٰ㣬һħвͻᱻľٰס㲻ͬ˽ħսʽ޷Ǿǰͬ飬º֣Щħ⣬Ĺơ
ٶ磬֪Ѫ񵶿Щľ٣Ҳûʩչâοƶ˺üħ
˻˻˻
Ǽ˿ħߵĿľԽԽ࣬ܵҲԽ
Щľٻ鷳
׳ڶоһɫ֣Щľٿ翴ħȻ룬Сһܡ
Ҫ֪ɲһĹϵ£޷յĶֻҪʵǿ
ܣ
ʯ鵲ǰȴǱֱӷճɻҽ䣬һը죬Ӱ磬Ȼһֱץסһľ٣ľǣסħħ޷ѡ
ЩľٺħŪϣȻҪѿľظУȴȻݺץס
סЩľ٣һȻֱӰмľջٸɾ
˻˻
ħȻʹޱȣͶս
ǰɫͲȫ˷ŭɱħϱֻû˿ľٵǰȴǺް취
лϹ⣬ϹΧ֮£ħ޷ѣ
ݣ
һʯͷƶУȻͷȻվʯˣű۰
ħЩʯˣȻһġ
ǴգԭΪЩʯ鱳Щطȴû뵽ʲôûУ㵹ǿոʯ£Ȼ־ˣҲ˵ЩʯˣҲǸǿħ
ټǰ³ľٵħ
Щȫһ㹻ڤµˡ
䣡
ڵָٶʮ㣬֧£ȻǿĻЩֲĻ棬Щʯȫյķ顣
˶һء
ľٵħһĻ¶ȻҪľ㣬ȴɲǱһնˡ

˿оѵϵĴƬȫս븹Уֻ˵ľˡ
ûмǰҪЩˣֱӻص˾ӪС
˹ڴ۾ȻڤһӰ˸ҲӣŴϵ龧ˣ˵⼸ÿ춼һ鼶ħľ˻һָĺܿ죬Ѿִ鼶ھ磬ô龧ˣ
֪ȥ֮صģҲҪһȥģ㣬ǰŮӣҲûпڡ
㵹ûгҲڴϣ۾ţŵϹ֡
ȻЩˡ
˹Ŵ龧˵Ҳֱ
˶˵
Ƭ̣ͬʱ۾˹ϲ㣬龧˾Ȼż鼶ڵʵ㾿ɱģ
Щʯˣʱʹȫ޷飬оΨʹײܺɱǡ
׺ķѵķ׭̫࣬޷־á
ǰҾͿʼһֻ¿ľٵħˣħޱȣ鼶ڵԱ޷ƻֿľ٣ֻоնɱģЩʯˣǶջ񣡡
˵Ҵ˿̵ʵҲѾִ鼶ˣ
鼶ҲΪأڣڣڣ۷塣
ǰʵ鼶ڵǿߣ鼶۷ǿߣҲȫܵġ
Ȼһεĸ֣㻹δսǲ˭ǿ˭
˹˵ڤ統У׬ˣҪǳڤ磬ʵɾָֻܻԭ״ˣ
Ҫ֪ڤǺͺڰһںڰλ棬ƺڰ߽УֻڤҲܹڤڰ磬ġ
Ȼħ
ħսʱڤΪħӳ֣ƿλȫʹڤںڰ統УҲʩչȫ
˹ûаѹþ治ѣСӣڤ磬ͺܲԾˣоʵǵûнͣǿңоԳƲ֮һеһжò˹ĺܡ
ͲסԼѹõĺģʵ㣬ܸң𣿡
ֻҪǵҵŮ˾͹ˣ
Ц


1484 ¹Ǳ
˹ﲻ֪ڿװأҲûжʣҲãÿ춼ܴһ龧˸˹գڤҲıȽѸ٣Ͼ˭֪ڤ϶á
׹ţ׼ʲôʱ
˹ʵ
ڤ̫ΪģҲͰڤڤ߲ҲֻǱɽһǣ˵ڤ绹иΪǿ֮ˣǽã
㵱Ȼţټһڤ磬ֻڤһʵǿȻϳУڤȻ˵Ҫ£ͱض취ڤ˽ڰʵҲҺܺĵط
϶ûа취ħ
㿴һƶĲ˹˵ħǿô
ȻؼΪǿĴڣħ֮սôôԴλǿ֣߳ڰ綼ˣ
ڲ˹УȻǿߣΪĴڡ
ҲҪ֪ǿ߾жǿϾһֱű˵ûԼʶӦòƭԼҪΪָ۷״̬ŵǸʱڰ統жǿߣҲȫӴˡ
ӵ⴫ˣ²

˵
ɫţˣ¹ǳˣ
ʲôˣ˵
ľĸĸɱˣ
˵
㵹ǰ˵ľһھ¹оסΪļû죬ľѾϳˣ˸ھ¹ɱĸĸ
˹ġ
ô
ûУľȥһˣ
ͷ̾Ͷ
飬ľһʱ뵽㣬ȻǼæࡣ
ȥ
˹˵
˹̹ǣǺøȢ˹Ů
¹Уò֡
ڳУܹ۳ĸϢ䶯ܴ
Ͳ˹ϳǳأҲûиа֣϶ǹ֮ɫúţ
ͷãľϣңкްɫ֮ǰϳ緢ˣͲ˹Ӳڴһ£㣬㶼֪ˣ¹ǣҲֻˣңֻҪһ࣡
ʬ
Ϊǻң
ľɫɥֱиӣӦþǰŹǻҵĵط
˵ҲݣɱΣȻֱӻΪҽȫʬûУڹ磬ʡһʻķá
ûлɵĶô
ʵ
ľ˵ҿľھôãҲֻͷͶٶɱˣôɱҸĸиȴڤʿŵĸųսޱȡֻǣڤʿŵ˶뿪ڤҲܲڤκεĶԹ
ϴڤ˿г֣
ڣ
ľҡҡͷʱӦ
㿴һʧǵĿľ˵ûаҪҵɱ㸸ĸ֣ѣһᾡһԣ
ľͷֲб㣬һҳ
Ͳ˹뿪ãȴˡ
⼸˶ٳǵĳȲǳ˵ľʵû뵽㾹Ȼյϳôź飬ǼλҲЭҳףһ
ҲһλЦʹñֶλĻӦô찡
ۣ˵ʲôΪҸոû˵ʲô
ǳȵ
ߣҽ۾ô˵ˣΣľλȷǲŶٲܵϾ¹ǳģ˭ǱӦҲ˵
㣬ǺڰйˣǶΪľַǣ㵹ãⲻڱ˿ô
Ҳҡͷ
¶Ȼ˶ΪҲ˵οľ˸ĸ
۷ǵûֹڣ䱾ԭɱٵǸҲڳ˵ľǰѱ˵ڹˣɱĸֶҪæѰˣҪ֪ڿƹһС£û˲ţ
ǵĳҲǶٵֿѣƢͶϵҲǷǳ󣬽ҲΪѹ֮ˣǿûа취Ϊٱ
ؿľ˸ĸǳۼΧڳǵĳһΪľǽѣҲڴС
ȻãȻǲľӵġ
ǣʹڣ㶼ˣüͷ΢΢ûпȼˣڱ˸ĸ϶ҪǿɺޣȻīߺڣܺͶٵѵƷѾóˡ
ţĪɵģ
˵
һ˵λҲȫһ𣺡ۣǶٿǶֿѣ㲻Ϊ˰ɳɥĲ֮£
ľҲһ
ȻĻ˵ЩֲȻóľģìͷָԼ˵㣬ɲ˵ҽ¹䣬ôɱľĸߣɲҪ߼޻
ȻɵģΪ˼ңһͲǹ֮˰
Ц
ǼλҲͷۣ㻹˵ľλñֶΣ㵱ǵĳǽŮ˵Ȩƣ
ǰۣſڤʿŸųŮλߣҲΪԭܵǵĳĻڻһСС
ֻһ죬Ȼ˵ǣҲǾȡʱû³ľʲôںˣΪʸ֮ˡ
ߣﲻӭ㣡
ľڿڡ
ľǺ⣬ҺôҲǹģҳȥҪǴ˵ȥԺ㣿

ľ˵
ǽۻδһģļһ͵͵Ľڽ߸˵˼䣬ɫͻȻ漴˵߾ߣ˭ϡߣ
ߣǼλ˵ľΪСֵãһˮʯģ
Ҳο˼뿪á
ľһģȴ˵һĻûв´Ļĸĸڤʿŵĸųɵģ
㣬ô֪
ǿľһԾþδĲ˹Ҳʵ
㣬ѵͨɣ
㲢ûֱԣȴ֪ղӺǽ˵Ļˣȥһˣʱ䲻ҪӽľүҲ֮У
˵үȻڤʿŸų
ˣȻܹ͵͵˵ĻƲ⣬Ҳ֪ڤʿŸųشϵ
ҪȻǽΪξߡ
ľ³һľɵģ
ţ
ͷ
ľһţȻһģ䣬ӷ飬ΪҽȵԪȻɱҸĸΪڤʿžڤΪΪô
Ԫڤʿŵĸų
ߣ
ľ˵淢ŭ㣬ȥˣ


1485 ׳
ľΪͲ˹Ͼļ£Լ£ϾǾȨæԸԪϾڤʿŲǺǵġ
˵ҷȰһ䣬Ϊ
ĸ֮𣬲죬ô飬ȻҵףͲˣ
ľȵҴҵĳȥˡ
˹˵ĲȥԿľƢܻܿǳ鷳
ﵹǲԶȥƣľƷ˵׻ǲģ
ͷ

ǡ
ڤ統һܳĹ˵ǹҲϡ٣в;¹ڤܼĳǳ֮
ڤȻڰǰ㷱óȴƵģڤȻҲҪʳ£ȵȣﶼӦĵ̡
УһأţҲڤʿŵĸųԪŮ
˵ģ㸸նɱ˿ľĸĸ
Ұָջһ˵ģʱ䲻Ҫȥŭľǻ
˵أ
ֳȥһˣҲҪҰ֣Ұֵֵܣֵܲܲ
ҵȻܲɱ˭ֻǣǿľѾ˰
ԽԽԾոھ¹УԼģ½ȷԪף͸
ɱγĸĸڤ
ǴڤĶУԴҲġ
飬˵òӰڲŽᰡ
۵ҪڵģҰִĸɾ䣬㲻Ҫţӵģ
Ըˣ
۵ͷ
ֻһ̣Ǵ죬ˣ
ôˣ
ľŲ°ʿǣ˼
ʲôҸߣˣѵǷʲô
ۻ˼һӰԾһǿľ۾ͨһƬۣҸĸΪɱҪ㸶ۣ
˵ʲôʲôʱɹ飡
˵
Щ㱣ľ㲻Ҫҽ˿Ƕأû֤ݣͲҪԩˣ
ɱ㣬Ȼ֤ˣ
ľѾˣʿǵһ̿ʼ֤ݣ֤ʲôĸɱˣҳ֤ݣ
ȻɱľĸԪȻҪԸ⽯ۺţԪôܻ֡
ǵЩʿڽǰǿľȴ¶ҪΪĸģܲô࣬¾ԼԺ󵱲˳Ҳڡ
ЩʿȻ˹ȥ˶
սң浶ǹ˲˲ʬ塣
ۿȳ棬ŵþʧ룬Ҳǽ߬ȭͷľǷˣ˰
ֵȥˣҪǲҽˣ
˵
ʵʵ̫ǿֻ鼶ڣȿľʵҪϲ٣ǵĳʵԪܲɷֵĹϵ
Ͼڤʿſڤ統еһ޶ĺսԪĵλɼһߣҲڤεĶ
䣡
ľɱǰ赲һֱӳ嵽۸ǰһŰڵϣʱڲ˵ʵұֱӺɱ㣡
ۣûƭ㣬ûɱ㸸ĸ
Ű
һȥĻ㶼ɱ
ľȵ
۴ӵûɱ
û˵꣬ľһڤڽ۵ұ֮ϣԼұ۾Ȼ˲ˣ粻һ㡣
ҪΪһ֫ȱķͼӲ
ľȵ
㣬㾹Ȼ˶ңڤ֪ˣ϶ɱģ
ߣ˭ɱҸĸҲ˱
ľһڤ۵Ҳܶˡ
ǿľס˽ֱ۵Ľľ˵Ҳ˽⣬һӡһ죬ֱԶûκ;
㣬úݣ˵µҲֻ˵ˣ
˵
˵𣿡
ֹס
˵
Ԫ
˵ɱ㸸ĸȻҹϵǱѰҲûҪΪôĺڹŲţ˵Ķģ
ľҧ֪һΪ˸ģ
۵żѸ׶ˣҲһĮȻ˽ǸʲôˣҲǺԼΪʲôûõ˹
ȻƯҲֻ磬ڤ磬мɫ⽯ۣȻҲʻţ֮ϡ
ߣ
ľȵоҪڤ˽ۣȴû뵽ֱԭصȥؿڱһڤҲ̶ãȻˡ

˫򶷵ʿͣǶھǵĳġ
۵ĵµʬ嶼ڵ֮ϻΪҽƮڿ֮УһǿֳâֱӰѿľɡ
ɱģ
һ
֣
ſòͦΣһһ㣬ͷųɱЩ¹еʿ
˱ڤڤʿеĸųԪ
һʵִ鼶۷壬ľĸĸҲǱɱ
Ԫ˵Ů˲ҪҲգҲܵκί
Ůʹ
ڤ統еŮˣļ͹ĳЩŮһѰġ
ľԭվȣԪɱҸĸѪծһҪ㳥
ߣʲô͵͵ȥɱ㸸ĸѾǸˣĻǵɱǣڤ֪Ҳ˵ʲôģڤʿڤĵλʵСܹģ
ԪЦ
־͹ľĻԪҲɱĸĸ
һһ
Ҫɱ㣡
ľɢǿɱڤԪȴһľȫڤԼɣڵ
ˣ
ЩʿܽſľİΣȻҲȥԪϾһεġ
ľѪҪԪȥʱӰȴͻȻ֣ǰ
㣬ʲô
ľ˵
뿴
ҵļ£Ҳ㣡
ȴǲľԪ˵Ͷٶɱ֪ǲǸˣȻѿľĸĸɱˣƺ𲻵㸴Ч
ߣ
Ԫһ㣬ΪҲᱨôֻڤĴˣǶ㣬ܲŹң
Ҫһ᣿ȵڤעˣɱң
㲻һЦ

˵Ԫ룬ҪҰɱˣڤ᲻Ǩŭң
ɱˣ㣬Ǻôڤ磬˵仰ģһֶֻĹȻûмʶʵܻɱʥʵҪҶٵȸ꣡
Ԫ˵
ǴĮľΪ鲻£ʵϣȴ֪޹أϾɱģԪ뱨㣬ֻںܱڤأûлְˣ
ֻҪڤһ㣬Ԫ϶һɱġ
һŶʱըԣ㻹ɱ˶Էҹζࡣ


1486 ֮
ԪڽЦʵڤ϶ģȻڤڤʿŵųʵ֮ϡȻţЩ֪ߵغ
ԭû׼ɱ㣬ڼȻƣԪɱʦˣʱڤҲԭ
ԪŮԪӢ˵֣ɱЩһͳͳɱˣ
۾Ҳͨ죬Ų֪һȻؼʱ̣ױ¶Ҫ֪ԪӢףȰҪöࡣ
ȻԪɱ˽ۣȻޣҲֻ޽˶ѣҪеĲʹ춼йǰЩǰ鷳ļһ
ɱЩ˽ɣ
ԪЦţзĳâоһħ⵶֮ϲ˪ɢϢǿԪеħپ¹ǵʿЩӡ
м˶΢΢˺˼ΪܵķӦ
ߣҲҪΪҸĸ𣡡
ľȵ粻Ҫһ㣬ԪȥӵУֻһͷǾɱԷ

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û뵽ľȻôļϹ⣬ǿľȥ̫ͻȻˣϹ⻹ǿľ֮ϣۿҪԪǱħն

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䣡
¶һĨȣԭѾ׼־±նһĿľϾֻնұۣ׭ָܰұۡ
ǣһȴǲδпľұۣǱһڤ𿪡
ԪƴһȻ𿪣ɼʩչڤ֮˵
ų㣬ôˣ
Ԫ˵
һλߣƺڤ統УΪԽߣԽӽģڤԪų緶
ųȻڤʿŵϴ󡪡ſ
ڤѾ֪飬Ԫ㲻Ҫ
ſ˵
Щ¹ǺǵʿſɫҪ֪ſǴӲǰ¶棬˭֪Ϊжǿ
͸ոһ£˭ſһλĸ֡
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ڤ֪Σų֪ҵĹϵģΪ磬ǲܰѩޣҲŹң
ߣҪΪҪɱľĸĸ
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նɱ֣ԪЩĻţȻſĻЩɵġ
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ſҡҡͷľ㻹ڤʿŵ飬Ļ֪ôģúôھ¹ǰɣ
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ſԪΪӰʧԭء
ľڵϣһʹģپ¹ǵʿŶЩܡ
ĸ֮𣬲죬˭飬˵ġ
⡭𣿡
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˹˵̫ˣڤֱΪŰ˾Ȼͳڤ磬Ƿ˼
δˣĸ綼һһģ
Ц
ߣںڰ磬һҪ
û˵꣬߿ˣ˹ԭضţһɪʲô˵ķôߡ
ſľԪǵ뿪¹ǺǵҲʱ˾ţЩ֣͵ģҲ뿪
㿴һԪӢŵ̯µѪҺƺ˵ģƫƫΪԱҪҰְ֣㡭ʧ
Ȼڤ統жֳΪ൱ӣرŮԶԡ
ԪӢ˵ʲôǿľһģǣҼ
Ǿ仰ŽۣԺҲʲôӹģ
ߣ
ԪӢŭԸûʶ쵰
ĵ˼㡣

ڤУڤʿųſԪȥ
ڤ˹ʯ֮ϣüͷ΢壺Ԫ֪
Ԫ֪
ߣ֪ôǱҪɱˣⲻͿľ£ǲҲҪ
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㲻ҵģɱ˿ľĸˣȻǰͿľһҪ汻óˣڤ绹Ҫң

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˹۾ڷ˵ʱ֮أҪڤŪһÿľڤԪҪ㵱Ƕ˵Ǹ
⡭
ԪҲӦðɣڤˣԪӲǲ

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ľѾѹ
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ܣԪɱҸĸôܺͽ⣡
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ҡҡͷ
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ľҲûж룬ˮڣڤ֮Ŵ򿪣ֱӽڤ
ڤˣ
ľ˵
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ǶſãԪ˽һǶſһۣ»Ҫ˵ʲô
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֪ڤ˵ʲô
˵
ľҲû뵽ڤȻ˿ûԼעͲ˹ϣҲһΡ
ڤ˹΢һڤʳָָз쵱лڤ˲ԵĲ˹˹ڤҲǷѣڤǺ⣿
ߣ㣬Ҫ躣ȴҲǱ֤סĵڤǺΪԽԽǿνͣ
ڤƾˣ羪캧ˣ
ǶſԪƣҪ΢΢ͷȥâ
ȴȻûһ˿ƽȣȻû뵽ڤһʼͳѣҲǲ£˵˵Ҫò˹ӵԱ
鼶ڵʵԱ
˹ȵȻˬĻشҪ֪⺣ڤͻָǿǸǿĶ֡
ȻǣҾҵŮˣʵִܹԱ
㵭Ц


1487 ƻǰ
硣
ڤУҲֻڤһ˵ִ磬ȴ˵Ҫò˹ָǻ˵ã
ڤ˹ŭ棬ԪֻڤˣսȨĵ
㣬һԭ򣬷Ļ֪³
ľǾ¹ǳԶĸĸܱԪųɱǲ˹û㹻ԱҲڣֱԪų˺֣ǸΣ
˵
㣡ڤˣǿʶ
Ԫȵ
ⷬ򣬼ȽԭְԪıףֱһʯ˹гޡ
죡
˹ȵ󷽲ƽ飺㣬ƺ˵ҲҪ֮·ôףȻúҪǿԱǱҲԸ˵
󷽣ʵǵִҲоֵĹ˹Ķ֣ңʱڣ޷ɾ硣
ľվһԣһֱûпڣ˹ƺҪʱ򷽲˵ľ飬˵ˣźԴΪأڤɱڰ磬ָտɴʱ̣ڲìܣĻ˭Ҳˡ
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ԪľǸ
Ԫͷ˵ľԪխܸҪ̫ģ
ǵǸԪгмνΪŵĵǸˡ
Щ̲סҪԪѹסˣϾԪţΪڤ
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㣬㲻Ầ˰ɣ
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˵ڤһ֮أֻҲڤʿŵָӣ
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뿪ڤԪЦ㣬û㣬֮ԶеĻҪգûڤʿŵġ⻷ֻ·һ
⻷軹ΪħRPGأ
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ȻԪͶſҲһЦ뿪ˡ
ľһأ㣬Ǿֻǵֵ֮صΧʵϣ֮صǼյģҪİ
ͷ

صһƬ޺񵽴ǻ棬ʿƴȻ
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ʿʬ壬ħʬҲڸ
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һʿ
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Ůˣ㶮ʲôҺమҺò׻쵽һٵҺ׹ףòײŽˣǣⳡѣİŮˣ
ʹ顣
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һϹֱ֮ϣƺܿõԭ㣬ľҪȴǱһŵסл˵
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ôڰǺò׽ңҡ
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⼱æ˵ֻħûгֻ֣Ƕһԣԣˣ
Ȼֹһֻħ
Σ⾫ħȴ֮صУоŽɱ
ħǲֹһֻѶԸˡ
գ
ԶŲһӰڵ֮ϿƶϽ򣬿ȥͱһľʿĶࡣ
ӰǰǶſԪ
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ħȷļ֮صУ϶һˣ
ſ˵
˵ΪʲôħŴ
Ǿ޵Ĺƣ
ſ˵֮صУһƬԶɭ֣סһޣޣ͵ȼ鼶ϣڤ˻˵оУ
񣿡
㵹Щ⡣
޵УΪģǿԹƻΪ
ſ˵
ҲǵͷֻСΪĿѹЩڤôǿħֱǾҪϾ˵İ
ĿľټӲޱȣͬȼħԱ޷ֺ
ԪҲ˵ҿǰЩնɱһֻޣߺߣ㣬ҪĵطԶɭ֣㵨ӵĻ͸Ͻ˳õʱǻҪտ㣡
ݣ
΢΢ЩԪǴ̴ˣѵ֪ǰһֻô


1488 Զɭ
˹Զڤʿŵ˽֮أûиȥϾϵʧΣ˯оڤУٸߣɻ
Ӱǰʧ˹ﵹЩĸܣɸЩСᣬƺδֹ
ڤʿŴԱÿһԱʵ鼶ˮƽ;ʿȫΣſԪʿŵųʵڤжǶ⡣
֮Χħûκΰ취ų֣ԱǶɻɱ
㣬ڤʿǷ𾪣
ԪһЦ
˵ǽ֮صĵضΣԱǻܱô䣬
֮صĵضΣ㶼δִǻɱֻޣҲֻڽӽĵشλãȻԽԽࡣ
Զɭ־ĵشҶҪСģ
ſרע˵
Ԫһֱżķ̣ƫ෴ȻǺϲ㣬ϾŶӵУ㡣
˻˻˻
һħĹ촫ſ˵ǾޣѾˣ
ſ˵꣬ڤʿŶӾȻǰҲģ˭Ҵ⡣
㿴ǰȻһƬԶɭ֣ϡֻּܹ䴩󣬵ȻҲ֮ǰľʯˣǺ;޶һġ
飡
һʯȻһЩʿŵĳԱЩʯǾʯˣײȼǿӲȷǳ¾鼶ڵȻϣܻЩʯ
һʱ֮䣬ʿŵУѾмˡ
䣡
ʿŵУҲ鼶֮ϵĳԱǺЩʯȫɱ
ųһˣˣ
ǰ
ſϲûа
㿴һʿŵĳԱѾԱʬϵһԣһʬոɾǻװС
ǼߣҲʿŵеԱ
һŶӣֹȷѹԪǰţڤʿȷʵѵĲ
ıǹƻģһϹĿľٱʱ򣬾Ա޷Щľ٣
ſɫʼΪѾԶɭˣЩƻľȴһֱܱߣֻоʯʱӵ֮ϷʿŵĳԱȥ
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㿴ǰ״Ȼֻ߰ޣɫݻƣ񣬿ȥΪûгԱһ㡣
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㣬Ǻ⣿㲻ҪͬЩСɣ
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ʶˣҽԶɭǼУһ˻ֻܿ棬ȴܡġ
޴ҲǾʩչȻ֮㶮ҪֹңҪɱǣ
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ǣǾȻվԪУͺˡ
ѵ˵ģЩûжڤˣûαװ
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һֻֻɰǧֻ޴ӱ̽ͷǵУŷŭץƺʱаʿŵĳԱȫĿܡ
ųôôྫޣ
мʿŵĳԱʵ
ǰڤʿҲԶɭֻ֣ǼʮֻޣʱǼʮֻ޶׷һʿŵĳԱǺȫû
ԪǴжĶӳȻնɱֻ޵ϾѲڣ֮ҲǷѾǧ˳ȥٰ˾ˣǳսۣҲǼ¡
οɭֵдƬޣԪ΢΢Щ㶣ƺлصǳҵսۣŵһڿľٵУȴǺްԮֻܣܡΪȥˣͲ˼ȴû뵽һֱĵףһ棬ܹȫЩҵĻ䡣
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Щ﷢ԽԽϵǹƽģ޵̫ߣ԰Ļ㶼ĳվɭԣʿŵĳԱ󺰼CNMLGBǰ׳־
ڼȥǼֻޣ
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ſʵ㣬ǵĻ
ǵһֱ֣ȻڼȥˣոԪɱ˼ޣȻڼǣ
˵
һɺԣ㣬˵˵˴ң

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ǼֻӦĳִȾΪ˲ȾޣԸڴ·ϣԲȣ
֪
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ԪȴǰŰɣҿɲɣҲǼ˲ľ޻ἺΪˣ
֮ԱƣħҲһеħаģ֮أҲֻΪˣ
˵ֲȾǿңǲĻƬɭֵľ޶Ⱦʱ򣬾޽֮ʧ
һ˵ĲʿŵĳԱǸжѣԭЩ޻Ųɱڣȴͬ顣
ų㲻Ҳ˵Ĺɣ
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Ԫ˫ȹȥвŸոպͿľǸ϶Ǹû뵽ϻҪЩħǸǵıӵúŶ֪ͲɱЩˣ鷳


1489 Ѩǿ
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Ƭ̣޵ٴ𣬸ҡ
ͨԣвϵĻܹܵģ
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ȴǺȵڤ磬ûܵأҪȥ


1490 
⾫޵ס㣬߻һӰٴν붴Ѩֻʣһɾڱ̾Ϣ
Ƕڴٴε䡣
ǹ˴мӣȻûдӶѨ֮гĸоˡ

оӳ֣ϣѨеĺڰȫյͨ浹ûٻһһС˽ȥ
ϾסһλĿǰʵҪսʤһѶȡ
㲻֪ľô
洫ͳѹ֡
˳ԴͷҪٽһȴǱһסĿǰȴ޷硣

ӵͳ
ۿɲ࣡
˵
統干Ĵͨߡ
Ϊҿģô
ģܴʲôܸܵҵô
˵
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һģһֻҪ˽㣬ģ
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֣ðһ䣬Ǿ֮ô
Ȼ֪ӦҪҪɱ㣬׾٣
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һӰǰֳӰֳһľѵŮ˵ĲӰ÷绪ĸݲһʵľ۸ǽŮ˵еŮһɴ۾ȴܹŮϵһɫ̺ۣ̺ռŮһֲãֲŮʹ̺࣬ҲǱˡ
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Ҳ˷ܵͷҳһԵ㶥Ĥݡ
㿴ǹ⾵һŮˣ¶һ˿źķ׭ǿʼûдﵽˮƽĻֻϵİ̺ʱˣ


1491 
侪ϲ֮࣬Ź⾵¶źɫҲ˵һ̣ҵ˼ǧ꣬㣬˵ֻһ룬Ҷܸм㣡
άʱץʱǽɣԺǴɴҲỳģ
˵
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ţ٣ƺкܽ鷢ˡ
ãԶɭַңЩӦþ˵ɣ
Ȼͷ
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һɢɫâһӰ̲ӣɲǾʧڶѨ֮С

Զɭ֮С
ɳɭֵеľ
ſҲΪʲôɭֻΪǾ޵״ҪҪڤʿŵĳԱˣ˭뵽Ǻ̵УȻħ
һܹº̣һֻܹûɳֻħģǹĺܣһڡ
ЩҲੲݵ˵ʲô̡ħЦû뵽඾ȻûǾȫûǿ
඾ȻʹЩɫʵ֡
ԭйء
ɳħǿڤʿŵˣҲ˵Щڤķֵ֮ʲôڤأֻǲֻϺзҪǽ𲻳ɣˣ˵ǰЩ죬ǾȻ굶ɽɱʥħֶϣǺЦħǸ϶ҴţƵħսеĸֲֿ龰˵Ҳ˼䣬ֻãˣߣ벻ڤʿŪˣ
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ſҵλħڴ˴ʲô˼
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ԪոߵôľޣЩеӡѵȵףԺ𷽲ŸЩ޹ݵĻ棬ͲλħɱЩޡ
ǶˣҲǵˣݺ𣿡
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ſ۲΢
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ЩҲʼ巴ӦһС־ȻվվˣɼʮǶ
Щ޵ľ˿ǱͬȼħҪǿϼ֣ߺߣɱˣ
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ǵصɳڻɳħۣƺ˲ҪֱЩޡ
ħҲЦţʮǶЧŰʱնɱֻޣǲģ
ųô죿
æ
ſ˵
ʱ̣ǲﾫޣֻħԺǻԸڤʿŵģҪֻ֪ħƶˣһʩչ඾ѶԸ
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ſҲŰ֮Ưŵ侪Ȳѣû뵽ŸԶɭ֣һλ
ţӰҲǴԶǻɳħһĻҲǿȷʵǳŮˣҪͲ֣һֱ֣ӾͰ˸˰
ħƺҪߣһľٰס֮Ҫܣѱȵ졣
û뵽֮Ȼ
ħҡҡͷȻⳡսԤıѾõġ
žžž
ɳ֮УɳħӰҲѵ˳ԶĺħȵǾ֮ˣ
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ϾʵͰ
ɱҾ񣬺ߺߣüǧûɱأóζ
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ҲܹУֻħ󣬿϶ħ֡
ĻǸǧֻ޵ľ壿


1492 ܳ
ɱֻѾ־ܵħȻ򵥣ǲҳЩ඾Դͷ廹Ǳ¶Σ֮С
䵱Ȼͬ뷨뿪ʵ̫̫ˣһȻЩ嶯㻹쳣侲ġ
ǺħҲ˵Сӣû뵽඾ƵĶΪһ𣿡
ûʲôʹˣ
㵭˵
ʲô˼
ǰǵĵϵҹҹЩľԶɭֵУ˵ǲһ˼飿
㡭ң
ֻħͬʱŭϵĿľȴҲ͸ħæ˵ǶԶɭֺУſ˸Զɭֵиʺ棬Ҿ޵ľһħľҪǿ٣ԡ
ǾͲ¿඾ɱˣ
䡮ߡһ
ſ˭
֮صľ綾ܹ没ֻƵһֲ
ħʵ˵
ɳħҲ˵Ȱǻ˺ͶſԵİɣ⼸һ͵ɱεĶҩĻʩչ඾ˣ
΢΢üǾ϶ֳһ˿ã˵޷սʤǶſˣ
Ƹ죬ɢֱѹֻħʹŵöҴ˵ˣҪ֪嵱еľ֮ڵĻﻹ
ǵҲû˵ٻ鱨֮УûһֱΪ޶һȺں֮ڣǡĳ֣׾ˡ
ſ
ֻħûпڡ
һԵľ˵һ
ȻЩħᵽ顣
ô
Щȡ
ֻħ϶ԾڷҲΪʱſ˵Ŀ֮أֻҪȲһɢȥ֮صеħҪӶſ˷ԸĻֻ·һ
·һҾƫƫ㿴һúúõģ
˵ߣȥſ˵ϳ
䲢ûд뿪ܹҲֻͼҲǱеߣһͬǰ
ڤʿŵĳԱⷬЩ⣬Ȼ˭û뵽;֮ô硣
һǿɶ񣬾Ȼˣ
Ԫȵ
˳·
ſ˵ҲǶſǷ˵

֮أſ˵ҰĻȷʵС㵹ǾſܹƳһܹʱٿ֮ħĶҩĻЩϣ
ȻҪԲٿǿߣδЩ̫á
ȻҲҪſ˵ǺҲ
ɳħͺħͱס˾ǲǰ·ҲǶ·úܡ
Զɭһ̴ӵܹ֮׷̵ֱеĸֽʣǾ綾ɷ֡
ȻڵصƲ
ص׾Ȼڿգǲ֪ǾϢ֮ô
䲻
ħ˵ǲҪΪſϴֻƲһΪҲҪ٣
ûħлûһֱ̹ӻصס
¡һ
صըһ
ǣЩȻɣƺɾӰ졣
һӵصֳҲħŻɳħͺħץסҲǺȵȻܣ
˵ֻħԺìܣԣǿ˵Ŀֻбģû˿ͬ顣
ڵصҩȴû뵽һɾصױſ˲һǿ磬ǹɾҲֻǻٵ˽ˡ
Ȼûʩչȫֻ̽һ°ˣĻŵص׵ħҪ
ֻΪǵ˻ǺЩô
ɳħЦ
ǰʮֻħǶ붼鼶ڵǿߣ֮أһɲɶõǿ
ӿֲǣǵϴſ˻δ֣ȻǸֲļһ
ƨΪǺһôϿŶſϴǴҩֶҩܹף˭Ҳ޷ǣ
Ǻš
ʮֻħŷ߽ĶſˣҲǺȵڤʿȻҲߣȫɱʾǵ
ƺǷǳڤʿмֻħȻֱӳڤʿŵеĳԱ
䣡
ǵһǳɫʣʵȷͨ׵磬һ׵֮Щħ壬ʹǵǿ׳١
ֶҩȻܹʹħʵѸȴǱĴۣЩħҲûж󱧸ܹŶſ˳ưƬ֮أѾҰˣ
㲢ûгֵ˼
ȻҲΪ䣬֪ڤʿŵ˺Ųٹϵһ̹˲䲼һǿ磬׵棬ûκηӦ
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Щħһ
ɳħͺħƺܵĶࣺǶ˵ˣǵ³Ǻùǿ֪˭֮񣡡
֮ôܣ˵֮ʧô

Ŀ⵱оǿ־֮ɫ
Ҫ֪һ֮µĵˣǵȫ壬ǸΪľ磬Ͳܵйġ
㿴ǰЩħѾʼңҲʶصףǣźǣص׵УûκˣȻһǿҲֻǸܰˡ
Ÿղ̽㣬ǿܾȻֱӴӵصһԾ
ſ˴ˣ
ħ˲侪ϲ
Ŀ
ſȵ
ܵģͶſǰһһģһҲöſ쳣
ĿôﰡųѾħ˰ɣ
οܣӦǶſɱǵĻ飬ɿܣصף
˵
οܣѹ֣Ŀ֮أҲûгˣ
ſź˵õֵܣ
οܣЩʿŵĳԱˣǶ˼Ŀ
û뵽ɱСӣȻ֧ŵеĳԱԵ֣
ĿЦɭֲ
Ƕſ˵
㣬ҪΪĿ𣡡
ſŭ
Ҳ֮һ˲򶨡
ЩʿŵĳԱҲȵ𣡡
ǿϧǵʵ̫ˣȻλƯľ֮С㣬пܰһ㣡
ȴЦֻһοܣҪҳô
Ϊ˲þ֮С㿴Ҳؽʹһ죡
ĿкȻŹ⣬𾪵ǣ׳ޱȵ߾Ȼл˳
һһ
ߣ֮һ㣬໥һ飬۾ɢ̹⣬ˣͷȫǺɫʡ
ܹƻϵͳľ
û뵽ߣǾĸԴ
Ȼ


1493 綾ռ
˻˻˻
äɢǿɱͷеĺɫʣ˲
ЩɫʣȫǾֻҪЩմȾڵϵͳ⵽ƻգͻɥ
Сģ
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ЩʿŵĳԱҲվȣûκλҡ
߰ˣ
һЦһƻǿȻֱӰЩɫȫȥ֮УȻһ
˻Ҫ׳˶ٵľڰ֮У嶼ڻСȻ㷴ûֱӱɵˡ
ɲǣ
Ӱ
οĲУҪ֪ſ˿ǻ˺Щʱ࣬ڵľܹƬ֮صС
ЩڶſԵħֿʼ־ʵˡ
Ȼ磬ֱ㲻ͬ죬ֻҵĿˣɱң޷ֹҿ֮ص룡
ſ˵
ߣ
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ħǶǿֻš
ʲôΰĶſ˴˿ǻḴ֮ǸϽɱǣ
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ЩħҲûͷûԣΪſʲô֮ͳ˹ȥ
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Щɫ˵Ҳֱ֣һȦ˰С
ʶвõ鷢ҪЩɫȴû뵽ԴȦΪĵĵ棬Ȼֱѿˣ˾ҪɳȥеһĪס
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Ԫ˵ųǸϽܰɣڤѰħӣⶼѾߵԶɭˣӻѶſǾ綾ӣĲᴫϰ
ſĬƺڿǵС

ЩǰɣͷȴѣߺߣҲŹˣұݺͱһʱˣ뱾һ˵;
ſ˵Ȼòɣ
˵仰֮ǰҪԼǲˣ
Цš
仹ƽ磬ȴԽЩ԰
ðɣ㲻ҵĻҾȰɱ˰ɣ
ſ˵
ȻҲܹ棬ſſ˵ĻӶȻһ϶֣ȻҪɱǡ
ɲˡ
Сĵ㣬Էö֣
ſ˵
СģߺߣҶſ˵Ķ޵Уֵܹ֮еĶôǲҪˣ
ſЦ
ҲͻڰЦб¶
˵
¶Σȫҵƿ֮УֻҪԸ⣬ʱҪȥ
ո£һӰǴԶ
ȫ࣬۾棬ɢٲȻһ綾ˡ
˵䲻ģֹԱ˶ҪŻ
۾Ȼɳͺ̹һЦȻұң
ſ˴ˣ
ǿŶſɱһ񣬾ŵûɢ
˿̵ĶſУɳ棬Щٶȼ죬һ㣬ȫץڻɳͺ̹ϡ
ͣ
Щ˵ĳӣȻֻħȫҧ
Ҫ֪ǶҲ鼶ڵħ
ֻħٴηɽſ˵УȵˣȫҪ
ɱ
ſȵ
ٱȥʿŵĳԱԷɱġ
Ҫ֪ſȻûеִľ磬־綾Ծ綾ҪȺɱһЩ֮µˣ㲻̫ѡ
οöҩ͵ʵĻѧӦǰڽ統С
Ѿ鼶ʵˡ
ſԪˣǶſ˲öҩ֮һս϶ҩĻǾûκʤˡ
ۿһսҪ
統У˵һû뵽ᱻһ֮µħڽ統УǴˣ
ȷһʱЩϨĻͲжſ˵Ĺơ
û£ı֣Ǿлˣ
ʲô˵лˣ
䲻֪Ϊš
ʩչǿҽо
˵
㾹Ȼво
𾪡
ҲȻоŲΪ֪İأ
ҲûлĻϾǱʱõģĻܴ漣أ
˫һ˿˿ֳ֮ͬʱҲ֮ϣȻŽҫԴͷһĻ
ֹһһɫ

Ҳϳ
оӳ֣Ҳš
ô£
֮Ķſ˿оµĪЩֻţԭӴģһʱҲ˲١
ܵģҶſ˼оľ綾ռ䣬ֻҶſһܹƽ⣬ôܳ硣
ҲŵضŽ統еһС
ڻ˳ȥڲоļӳ֮£ٷŴҲȥ
ɾջ硣
䣡
ҫ۵İ׹ޱȣʹÿһʿŵгԱ۾Ҫʹڤֵǿҹߣſڽ֮⣬ľеķɳ˿̶һ㣬þòƽ


1494 С
ǶſٲǰҲֻܾܽ綾ռ䱻˳Ƶʵ
ʮΪϲߣѾӽ統гſҲԼκλЩ˵ĻᣬλΪһ̣Χķɳ档
ȻҪӵ
Ϊܵõô
֣ǲٿزоһѤõɫֱӻǶſϡ
Ҫ֪ʵȻ鼶ڣоӳֵǼΪǿġ
ؼǰĹſʵҲֻ鼶ڵʵŻҩܳƵ鼶޶֡
ǣһ̣ſ˿һܣȫûκηľͱ
յڣſ˼һϢڵ֮ϡ
ѲоջأҲɶ࿴һۣһһֱز¶û뵽о
Ҫ֪оһÿһž춯صоͺڹһ㡣
ôڳư֮صӦ˰ɣ
˵
ߣҶſǲģģûɱңԼ
Ǿȥɣ
һƻһâֱӻſˣ䡯һſ˵嶼ըѿ
ſһڤʿŵĳԱǶ˿Ҫ֪Ŷſ˵Ҫɱǵʱ򣬲֪жôţӽ統гĻڤʿűؽʧء
ſ˻ǲðΪжǵְɣ
ԪͽȻ˵
˼Ǹ㣬䲻ǽ磬ҲܽһУ֪ղŶſҪɱǵʱ
ſЩΣոѾ׼ڤʿŵĳԱӵģȴû뵽֮֮һֱڰǣָо˲
ЦǶſЩҲû˵ѻҪĺãʱ򶼲֪˭ͱԼһ
С㣬Һǿɲѣ
˵
ԭˣѣҿҪΪ㵣ˣ
˵
˶ԻԪ粻ȵ㣬ʲô˼ѵǻô
Ԫ
ſʾҪڡ
ȴǰ仰ûлӦԪΪһЩͬѰ졣
ߣ
Ԫ㲻ҲЩûȤһ
俴üͷ΢΢ƺʲô飬ʵôˣ
Ծſ󣬵澹Ȼ͸һɫʣ
ʶǿһ±׷ٵЩ͸ص׵ĺɫʣǲǶſ˹Ȼûг϶һط˿䣬ոһûг׻ɱſˣһ˿˳ȥ
ҲǾȣȫû뵽ſ˾Ȼòѣ׷ٵ˿ȥδô
ͷ
ſ˿ԶɭָֺǲɱڶѨȻѾͨˣҲڣһչؾǼǧꡣ
ͼ㳯ǰȥſԪڿ֮󣬻ǾġȡˣǾѰħ

һڵصһӴܣһǿصҲŲħģͳͳɱ
飡
ӵص׳ϵ棬ȻһԭŵĿ嵱С
Ť£˵Ҷſǲģߣⲻо˼ǧ꣬Ϊ˽нѿǣ
۸ԼڵʱҡͷȻǿ󣬵Ҷſ˵ıŮ˻ˣû꣬Ҳ޷ָԭòģ
ڱ˵ָʵ·̺Ǽ࣬Ҷſȴͨȫ֮ΪħҲµĲܽ⣬ֻҪƬ֮أҵΪָͿöˣ
ſ˲û̫ڵΪϾһӴ󱧸ĵħ
Ҷſΰɣ
Ƭ룬жһЩ綾ĶǷıſյ嵱Уʧڤ
Ƕſ˵ѡ
ͻȻһĨɫһײ˳ſ˶Ϊ֮һһۿȥײƺʲô
һǵֱӰײ˸׳죬ͷźĶ
öſ˳ԾѵʲôɣҪĻ̫ˣүҲ
ǱУĶȻǲܶаġ
ɢźɫâСײعƺһڷ̥
ſ˻δ֪̥뿪ĸ徹ȻǸСڤǿҪյС˼ԽԽǿˡ
⡮Сڤǿޱȣ治֪λĺߺߣҶſ˵ĵطһжҶſ˵ģӤ
ſֻҪС򡯣ڵڤָܹ
һջ󣬱˵Ҫư֮ҰĵļһǸڤҲ޷ֵջ󰡡
Ͼ˭Ҳ벻ҪκŬһ졣
СԹԣϾҪҶſΪһˣ˷ţ
Сȥɢĺ⣬ʵҲһѬȾ֮£ܹΪ
ǽˣſõ㣬Ҫ޾ܹͳ֮ص
Ե
ĵгһĨɫȻҪСˡ
ͣ
ڹⱻſ˻ֱӻСۿҪС򳹵װסˣȴûз֣Сϵĺ⾹ȻֱӰǺڹյˡ
ߣӦ˵Ƿɰɣ
ôܣ
ſ˶ҪˣӤֻ̥ˣôǿʶҪ֮ǻ˵ã
ڤ綼Ҫ췭ظɡ
ȷֻ̥̬ȴܹ鼶Ķſ˵ڤڣ飬¾˵ȥҲжټһŵİ
ҾͲҶſɲ㣡
ſ

ʱſ˻ʱƣСԣ찡㵽ʲôħôҶſʱڤȫˣȥǻ˵ã
˵ʲôʱ򣬱Ǹо֮ϴſֲϢ
ǸŮ˾ȻҲ׷ˣҶſӴ˽ٰ
˵ǸŮȻ䡣
˿̵ڰ֮УѾ̽⵽ſ˾档
ߣҪҰˣſϳô
ȵ
𵴿󶼾һУɼ͸֮ǿ
֮Ҷſԭԩ޳ģԺȥǾ壬㿴Ǿв
ſˣǻһ߼ΪɵĿôΪ˵⻰ҾͻŹ㣿
Ц
ݣбɱң㣬߿һ޹СҪǲСİҲɱˣŶ
ſ˵
Ȼôı̥Ͼ̥޴Ҫ취գʱ˵ֻҲв䣬ʱƣŶſһ


1495 
ɱ㣬ɣ
˵
ǶԼƿŵĺܣԲ˼޹
һֱûгʶڲϵ̥̽ڵȴ޹˵ײ̥ȷʵЩ죡
ȰſɱˣԾ󻼣
˵
һ͸׼ȷſˡ䱾Ŷſ˱ɱȴû뵽ײȻһɾ޴ҫſ˵徹Ȼ̥һٶ֮죬ܼ
⡭
Щ죬ʩչǵ֮ǿԻɱſˣû뵽̥ȻֵܹסұǿʵЩ벻ͨ
ѵǧȥ̥ܹ֮
һֱҡҡͷֲɣ̥Ҳʲô
ſߣҪץ˰
ѣֻҪϻвҾҵ
˵Ҫȸ̥еʲôĻҵǶſˣҲδܹʲô
̥ӦһֻӴħħ̥Ѿǿˣ¸ڤ綼Ҫѣ
˵
ҵǾħ
ʲô
ڤ˹˵ħħ֮ս֮һ֮أӴ󣬶˹ҺȺ˽֮صĿľΪѰħӣ
ħӵĻǱпˣħϵĴڣȻ˾ǿߣû˿Իǣ
˵ЩУһ㣡
ǼȻħӣƱػ׶ΣǱĻ룡

Ȱ˵Զɭֵˣһ·ŲĹ켣Ѱħӡ
Ѿ֮صбȽĵشˣΧħҲԽԽϡ٣ÿһֻħʵ쳣ǿ
Ȼ仹û⸽ħ֡
ǰ澹Ȼһǳأ
ǰһܹϵѽɵĳǳأеĪȣҪֳ֪ǳأǳڹ绹ͦģǳ֮صУδЩЦ˰ɣѵ֮ػ಻ɣ
ţ˵ǰӦǣ
ǣ
ǵȫһЩڰ統иʬǱãǵ棡
˵ħս֮ǰһ˹һֻΪʲôǶƾõʷˣѾǲ̫ˣ
Щòỹǻ۰ɣ
ʵ
ȻǻۣûǻۣڤЩʬʲô𣬲ֻʬˣط֮䣡
͵
ԭѯЩڰĸֵʬôŪڤ統еģǴ˿̵Ѿһˡ
ǵеһƬУһֻãеֻǻɳأ
㣬ҪСģźڰϢöϢУǱǷĻ룡
ѵ
㵹û˿η壬ʶѾ̽ȥȻѾ̽صоЩûǺܸ߼֣Ŀǰʵûκκµɡ
ݣݣݣ
ӡУӦȫ׹ǣԴǰ׹ǣûаѪԼƤǣǰͻȻֵãȴǵ߸ǵ
⣬ݹһ˫۾ţۣ¶棬ģ൱ֲ׹ǻ硣
õУԽ֤࣬ǵԽ죬ǰ⼸ֻãǵͼģǻһ㣬ԣ
˵
ñǰ׹ǣͨȴܹʹð׹֮ϳ⣬ǻָף˵˼˵ΪãԻָһ㣿
ȻˣʵӽĴڣǵУܹ֮٣
ЦЦ統еһϷdotaеӢļܣ⵹Ϊư
硪Ҳ֪ϧڻ
޼ɵʹǰǼֻȻ˹Ȼ񣬵ǳٶȴǼ졣
һֱӷϳǽ֮ϣǲΪӦЩá
䣡
ͼֻ鼶ʵ㲢ûл̫๦򣬾ͰЩȫˣһ׹ǵڵϣɭޱȵǣԵÿֲ
Ҳϳǽ֮ϣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥǵһͷȻð̻𣬻ʮɣŨ̹
˶һۣҲǳǻĵطȥ
֮սѹڳ⿴жãȫⳡս֮С
ȻֵҲ
ͣ
˸ڰ֮УŵµһֻֻıԷɢ׹ǣҲѡ
ǾȻˣѾܾöûгˣ
˵ĻͲỮֵɡ
Ĵڣ˵ʲô
ʵ
ΪѾܵ˲Զһǿ
Ǿ˵õжѹ
һȻĴֻӦ˵ֻֻȻܹžֻţ⼸ǧ꣬ǾʲôȻ˾ֻ
㿴ԽԽ𺳵ı飬ֻ֪ζʲôҪ֪Լ˵ǧǰǵУֻһֻ
˵ʲô⼸ǧǵУѷ츲ء
ñڵɱֻҲܹʶԹߣʵӦΪǿģֱӪеģǵûмų֣ҪͶԷһ
ϣǵΪ곤㵱ʱɾʱǼǵⳡս˫ҲǾ׿ϲŸҿսģڿ˫ƾУǼ飬Ȼִݣ
λԹ۵УȻʵΪǿģֻһҪ׳٣ɾеЧ
üͷ΢壬ǰⳡսۣ˫ͨ˻ҪֺȻûڹ⣬ڹγһ磬ֱ赲ڿս˫ǰ
䣡
еĹֵסˡ
ûܹƽ硣
ϣΪΣӦ˽½Թڡ
Ҹıˡ
ԭ˵Լɵģƺܵܣ˵йã˻᲻˵ģ
ãϣǵУ޻ЩڤʿҶԾһˣ˵ֻްɣ
ҡҡͷ¶һ˿ЦݣҡҡͷӡûдĻǧǰڴ˵أܹһΣ
ϣôܣǧǰɾͳɾָʵ֪ж
䣬ȻǣΪβһ棿
һмžֱӳڵĳǽ֮𵴳ȥ


1496 Σ
ǿɢŨӳǽ֮𵴶ĵлһһǽֱӻٵˡ
ϣû뵽ͦӲģǧʵ־٣
㸡ڰ֮УЩò̫Զ
ĳֲûúϸоκ⣬㣬ͻȻ֣úЩģСӵǺηҲҾȻոնûиӦĴڡ
Żڴս˫ô˿ҲǰĿȫеϣϢŮ˵˭Ȼܹڼǧǰǵĳϣ
е꾭ϺսϳˣǾǧǰǺͺϴսһ֮ȥ
ϲûΪ±ھаֲЦݣһʿȣʱʢΪɾʲô˲õ飬ȥԶɭּ·㶯˽ģһ·׷ɱǡ
䵹ǶԴûʲôӡ˵ϣǣɲҪ¶ģ
ǺǣҲֻǻɰˣ
˵
ʵϣҪڲìתƵȥҲΨһܹʹǵŽһµİ취
䶼ϵĿģֱ˵ϣ·ǣҪǳеսңǿɲᣬûʲôҪµĻһ
û뵽Ҫߣ˵䣬ôûмˣֺη£ܰæĶȻæ
ҿæɣѱ
ͽȻ˵
ߵ䶼һѵʲô
ЩΣȻǱ˵˼
ܿ죬һ˵ϣҹҪ٣ɭ˾Ҫˣ˫ܾʤɭ˱ȫɵ
粻ʵϣǵ׷ʲôˣ
ааɭ˼嵱ΰĴڡǣɭ˸֮ǿ϶Ҫɲǿڵаģ
˵һֱΪɣȻԱûκζԹϸ𣬵ǣΪ׼ɭˣȴǷ
Ҳ˺˵ĻȷûֻԸⱻɱĹͷƽﳯϦദĵ֣Ҳϧɱ
俴ģǵУԱɱ
һҪаɭɵ
ӮһȻԶһС
ȻвֻһЩµΪƴ
ҲǲֹһУҲûа취аͨ죬Ͳܹ֮Եеġ
ǵöԵУܹסһɣа׼嶼ᱻɵ
аǲģϾѾױаסˡ
˵û嵱ȷʵشΣԽֹҪǣҪͰɭһ
˵ˣǾŮ񣬼ǧǰңܹܹսʤаҲһ
ֻʧˣħս֮ұ˻صԶɭ֣ûгһΣĲǺܴ󣡡
俴źǰĿ⣬Ҳһ㣬ڻܲ鵽ħô
ҡҡͷҪûв´ĻſѾˣ
ˣ
Ҳ֪ſһ㲻ܸݲҵȻˣǱɹΣ
㵹ûκɾܾ˵ҲԣħѾʧǵаϵãϾҲ뿴ажǿ
۽ɰ񣬾ĴҺ϶ȴ

ҹĺʱ֡
ǳǽһصصУصɭޱȣɢǿҵһħߵصر϶ҪŵĴҴܡ
صصźܶĹЩĹ涼ûһ֣Ĺɢ⻪˾Щ֡
ЩĹ֮£ĶЩڰĸ֣
ô˵
ȻܣҲ޷ڼѾڤˣԭһЩڰĸʬûгɢɭˣԶʱǼλˣὫʬڤ磬ã
˵ǰҲǺڰ統еһ鼶֣
㵹ЩˣⰬɭҪʲôץôʬá
ϼ˵һʬͳõʱ£Ĺ֮µʬȫǰĸ֣
ǰɭΪҪأ
ո꣬صصбǴ
ĹȫȥصƺʲôҪ
һ˫˫׹Ǵӷصص˳㶨һ⼸˾Ȼ׹ǣӦöǸոɵãֻǵ嵱УкǿҵаϢ
аɵãаޱȣɭεĿ϶ǻڤ磡
˵
Ǽֻ׹ÿˣץĹǳȥЩȻǸոɵģаļӳ֣һãҪ١
һֻȻ֣һ⼸ֻ׹á
ţص֮£ֻ׹ãǵ嵱ȻаֻƬ̣ͱµһһ
صصɱ죬Ҳ֪жٸոɵİ׹ñɱ˵ǰǰɭ˶ٺڰʬ
ɭһռʬĴӣװһʬ嶼ûκ⣡
˵λ֮󣬱ǸǣҪԼɱаΪڤΪǿĴڣ
Լɱи
ֻͳָܻ֮ϣҲֻǿǣǰɭ˲ͬ嵱ΪǿĴڣҸʵȻֻԼԼɱڵصףȡؾ֮󸴻
˵ÿθɭ˱ǿ󼸷֣Ѿڰ˴θˣһΣҲȫ̳аΪа
Ӧ֮嵱ܴﵽľ磡
֮񣿡
ҲǸоǰɭؽԶԸʵΪβٵԸ˰ɣ
ٵ
ҡͷɭ˵дһףףܹ֤ǵͻף
䣡
ص״죬Щո׼ɵİ׹ǾȻֱӱһֱ飬׹ǷɶĴƮ
˵ޱǿ󣬿еλҪˣңڴеаҲԶеĻҪֲ²嵱жаģа֮ģ
ʶǿܹܵǵӵǹ֮˵ĶǼаģּһǲɱĻɱư֮صĶſˣҪֲĶࡣ


1497 
صؿʼѿЩոȥð׹Ʈصسһɱ¾ĿֲϢ
˶ڰ֮Уŵ·츲أϽ֮ɫ
˵ǿа㣬ҪеĲоնɱˣ
ͷжնɱаȴûκΰգоаҲڤҪǿ

һӵص׷ٰĳ⸡ڰ֮УӰγһ˰ΰıӰ
ߴͣǿǣ˸ĵһӡȻϵϢȴһּΪϤĸоǻеѪϢȷܺǷĻˡ
ϾڰĻȻŲٵĻѪϾѪŨȻǺǿңϣȴǼΪŨĻѪ
ɭɭˣ
öЩ׳Ƴĸо
Ҳһ֮ɫ֪Ӧ԰ɭĸ۷μƻҪնɱⰬɭˣĳǰʱǹƣܹ㷽Ŵһ̣ȫ
˵ǺϣǰҲʧɫ֣Ҫ֪ˣʵȻ֮ϡ
ȻڴˣҸܸܡ
Զɭ֣ߺߣԭǾ֮񡪡䣡
˻عͷһű׼ĹԳ͸㣬ڵӥǣһڰҪ֪һŸմϾȻûմɢǿƣС
ʶң
ƺûκӡ
ҲѹԾħ֮սУ󲿷ֵǼһѼȡˣ㲻ʶҲ
ѵ֪ħսзʲô
伤
Ȼ֪һ֪˭Ūˣߺߡ
˵꣬Ǹоϵİ̺ٴγˣʱѹʩչѾʧ
˵
Ȱ㻹Ƿͷ
ɭһ΢ЦĻȣڵʵҪĿģǷɶ˻ˣ
Ҳűһ˿įȻŮѾǺܲˣ˿֪ϵİ̺ٴγ֣ȴǲûаңȷͨһЩ顣
ɭһ㣺ܴĻˣĺϵĻѪȻŨ㣬ҲԶŻˣ
ԶŻˡ
㵹û뵽ɭ˵ôһԶŻˣѵǻ嵱ڼļһ
һֱڵϼѰҵĻˣ벻Ȼڤ統г֣Ҫ֪ⰬɭϵѪѾĻѪˡ
˵Ⱜɭĳаû˿øеĻڷֶԷǻˣһ˿ѪϤС
Ҫ֪ô۴ͨԭҪѰһʥˡ
ʣⰬɭ֮һ
ԶŻѾϡˣû뵽㻹Һúøܸ
ɭ֮лһԵҪᴩ壬ɲǣϵҲȫ죬ǵ֮⡣
䣡
ǵĪڿбըڵǶȲѡ
ɭû뵽Ȼܹǿ˵ֻҪ˽ˣûж⣡
˼ֻҵŮ˽ң
㵭˵
侪ȵķ֣ڰɭǰЩη壬ȴǲϵ˿ڶԷݴݵҲ֪Ǵĵ
Ҫ֪۰µ¼Ļ¾Ͳˡ
ɭ㣬ϸһЦ⣬о˺˼ǵû˵Щһǰ˷ˣҺ㣬ߺߣԺҵĻʵԽԽǿģ
⻰мһˡ
ԶŻˣǣ
ɭûټûȤȵϣȫ˸ӭҵô
⡭
ϱŵòҿڡ
Ҳͷȥ˵ЩŬˡ
ȫ
׼һЩˣҸʱãû뵽㾹Ȼ˴󷽣ȫ˶˳
ɭ˵
ɭˣܲܣܲܲҪˣ
ϸɰͰ͵˵
ߣҵɶ߷ô
ɭȵȻôҾһɣ
ɭˣǱϾ˰
Ͻŵ
ҲüⰬɭû֮ǰǿԶŻˣ֮ٴλָӵ塣
ĿǶһ㶼İ
ɭûпڣĵгһźɫڰ֮У쳣ѤãֱӳЩվŵķλȥ

öֱӱסаûκηĻᡣ
ɭˣ㡪
ɫһ䣬ȻⰬɭ˾ҪǿЩá
ԭ׼ȫ翹ģȴǷ֣ⰬɭǰʱǸΪ
ˣְܷ񣿡
˵
ߣΪҵĶô
ɭЦ
渽㼸ãǵеĴö棬ʹధУ뱻ɣȴָûаֿ
ֵģȴֹǼоҲĶ֣Ҫ˷ˣ
ɭˣҪǣ
ǿధ
ɭȴûа֮ͬģȻһǹֱӽڡ

ɭڰ֮һƺǸܵ˼ýǹɲûаΣʹЩöӦĺˡ
һįû뵽ǻǱɭɴ룬ΪʹǣֻĿЩ˱ɭɵ
Ȼʹްɭ붼ЩңҺԼûбⰬɭɱ
ĲߺߣƺȱһЩ
ɭĻʹ˶ˣɭʲô˼Ҫ찡
ϸϽ˵ɭˣɾôˣټɵĻ嶼
ߣɣ
ɭȵ
˵⻰öŲͬȥٶȼ죬ȻԼᱻɭɵ
Ҫ֪һĹ̼ѣǶôĿޡ
˭Ҳܲ
˷һһ㣬Щײڽ֮ϣӶӲЩ޷ӳ
㿴ɭٴλɫЩҪܵȫչȥ
嵱УҲֻʣºûбס
ɭˣ
ҲǾԭĺİɭһ˿ԥȻӵа֮ĵ˵񣬼
Ϲк⣬û뵽Ҫڽ
֣嵱ϵ֮񡪡ɭ
ʹѣ屬Űɭ˹ȥ
ҲҪΥң
ɭȵһֻ֣ҲǰѺֱӵʮ֮Զڰ֮еĺҲĿԼһĽ밬ɭ壬ɸɾ
ԼԼǰһĺԼȴ޿κΣָʹθ


1498 ħħ̥
ȻĿ˰ɭọ̈̄صĺܣ˵ⰬɭԸǣҲһɣʵҲû˵ԼʵȷԿⰬɭǼоҲС
ɭˣΪβҲɱ嶼ˣڤ磬ô
ϣΪе㣬ʵ²ɱ֣
ɭ˵
ߣ²ɱ֣Ҷԣ
Ҫɭȫǿҹâ޿κΣڰɭУһֻϣͶ԰ɭ첻˰в
ɭһϴΣ鷳ļһ˶ԽӾԽã
ص֮УҲֻʣ°ɭŵˣɭ˵Ƕ˲صģҲɱǵģһϷҪȥۿĻҲܹȥģ
ʲôϷ
ߺߣǾ֪ˣ
ɭӰΪһӰһȥЩԥȴǱסҲһ׷ȥ

ųǵʲôطôħӰ
ڤʿŵУٳԱڱԹΧĻ
ųſ԰꣺Ѿ֮صˣҲѰħӣǱȥ
˶ͷ
Ԫ˵㲻֪кνչˣһҵħӣǿɾҪڤʧ˰
Ԫʱ򣬻˹͡
ħôңҪˣ
ſȵ
Ƭɭ֣ܲӰʮֹ졣
ʬ壬Ȼʬ壡
һʿŵĳԱ
Ҫţ
ſȵ
Ŀɨʬϣʬ岻Ǳ˵ģǾ綾ħſ˵ģſǱһǿģʬ沢ûκα仯
Ǹ϶ﾹȻˣǱӦ
ԪЦ
ԱҲ⡣
ֻжſᵽһ˿ΣգСģ⸽ܿиΪħĻԶſ˵ʵԼʩĹһħԻɱ
ų֪ˣ
˶˵
ڴɭ֣ȴǲû뵽ڰУһ˫۾ڹ۲ǡ
һԼĪСкһͷĴ۾⣬΢̣Ƥܰ𪣬һ֪ѰռܹĺӣСкΧȫħʬ壬ҲǷŶſҲһֻħԭ֮һ
ΪΧеħɱˣſڡ
Скƺֶ֧˵ڤʿţҪٵ֧ڤʿţѴ֮վԥ֪СԴЩʲô
ڤʿŵĳԱһ·нٶҲǼӵ죬ΪǶҪ뿪ƬɭĵطϽصڤ
һâ˸ſǰһڤˣ
ǰ˵ȷڤ˹ۣһϢ˵û뵽ǾȻ֮λãǲ
˹ЩȣԭΪڤʿŵ֮ػԶɭ־޷ͻΧȥȻ۷ȴ벻ûʧٳԱ֮ص
˹Ƿһ˿ͬأ
ˣ
Ԫæ˵
ˣƺԸ񰡣
ڤˣ֪֪治֪ģ
˹ȵƭ
һԪؿڴһѪҺ֮ĶԹĺܣĸԣԲ飬ſ˵
Ҳ׷ħӣֻǵǺʱɢˣ
˹ͷħϢܹӦ⸽ҶɢѰңңΧħܿܶǱħɱˣ
ǣ
ڤʿŵĳԱɢǶȥѰħˡ
ԪͶſվڹ˹ߣԪŻʹؿڣ˵ڤˣΪλ֣
ߣѰħӣڤ군ˣ
˹˵
ħӣһС״Ķ
ſʱ¶ſ˵ǸС򣬱Ǿʵ
ħ̥ħս֮ħ֮һӣ֮ؼǧ᳤ħ̥
ħ̥ҪβŻᱬ
յ㹻ɱ㹻ħ
˹˵ħ̥еħ³֮أһʼʱħʵҲǿɳģֻҪ̵ܶһʱ䣬ָܻħ
ſԪǺȻ
ܿ죬ڤʿŵĳԱ棬ΧûκһˣСӵʧԱ
СӵҲʧˣ
ʧˣ
ʧˣ

ʲôһʧʮˣ
ſͳƳʧһҲ㷲ЩһʼԼߣһգ۵Ĺʧˣ
һ춼ûУɭֵô˿ֲ
һħɵģ
˹˵ɢħˣǹ˹ĵū֪ͣڸңһָ۷սʱڤɱڰ磡
Ƭɭֶڲɼ˹֮ǿ
֮ŵСкΪ˵ֿҧüͷƺǳ
ӰһںɭֵУΪ˱Ƿ֮ɭǰڤʿųԱҲ˵˹Ҫһ̫ȷأһ
ڤʿŵĳԱȫͷŻˣǶʶģر㣬Ϥĺܣڶſʾ֮£Ƕóһ·
ڤ˹ɭҲһȣһﲻúǴţʲô
ֳ俴ȥ㵹һĵڤȻҲܴϵϢ³һŮû뵽Ҳ
˹ҺĿģһģ
ߣɭ֪ҪѰħӣ
˹ȵ
װɭ˵ĺϷԭҪڤħӣħӣľڸô
֮ظܵħѾγħ̥ǰŻɱԼѡǿʢʱڡҲһҪҵħħ̥ƺħ̥ѾѳħƬɭֵУ
ɭ˵
ɭǲ֪ôħˣħսУҶˣ㾹Ȼź
˹ħսзÿһĻҶǵĿ棬УҪվڵµƸߵȥ˵ңɭ֣ѵΪħħ̥ô
㡭ҶħĹɳ飿
˹ŭƺĲɿ
㵹Ǿ˹йĻҲȻ˼
⾫ŮҲģ㣬Ҳѱˣ
˹ȵ
ҲǲҪħħֻ̥һĿģħս֮У˭һ˺ۣ
ȵ
ǵһЦҾ͵ģô棡


1499 ֮ս
ĿĺȷͲȥʲôħħ̥ôֻҪҵǸһ޷˺۵֣˶ѡ
㣬ȻЩħħ̥վԼûжϵһֱ׷浽ҲǴӦڤѰħӰˡ
ǰⰬɭʵɲ⣬ڤĶ֣ԼʱóȻ֧ڤɭѣǾ̫鷳ˡ
䣬ֻ֪˭Ū˵ģȻ֮صԭħҲģˣ
ɭ˵
ң
ȵ
ⳡϷħ֮սҲʱӦøЩˣ
ɭЦ
ڤ˹ŭɭҪΪļûбΪǣҹ˹ħʵˣһᱣĴڣʹ㣬Ҳ޷ʲô
ߣ˹㵽ڻҪαħѾħ̥ħ̥ѣҲ޷Ͷʢʱڵˣڵʵ㶼Ƕ֣˵Ϊɵħȡģ
ɭ˵
ǣ
ڤٴǿֻû֮ǰǰᶨ
Ӱһֱһϣǲ֮Ĺҧ
˹ǷģԼˣҲ˵ϻˣħһҰɭģ˭Ҳ޷ֹ˭ֹңұɱ˭
ɭȵ
֮УɢһЩɭ֡
һѰħӰ
ɭѾԼʶͷųȥħûа취赲ЩôΣˡ
ԤһɭֵУǸϢɱʮڤʿųԱСкԵ΢ЩţЩʩչ
ڤ˹粻ڰɭܷҵħȻĵĺܣɭħ˺ôжǣǶԸô
Ĺƨ
ɭиƨ˹֪Щʲô㣬ħѾҵˣ
˵仰ʱ㶼һħȻɭҵˡ
ħڵʵѾ͹ˣ㻹ҵô
ɭȵȻһչȥǸһжը٣֣ɽȫһΪҽ
һͯԶ˹ȥʱߵʬ嶼һȫڿУûκζڣЩʬԵøעĿ
찡ԭɱǵͬ飡
Щħѹɭֵûһֻħڣ
ڤʿŵļһﶼźš
Скɭֱǰڤ˹Скϲеɭ㲻ܶħ
һȥ
ɭȵһƻ˹Ҳͷųǿֵ
Скг־֮ɫǰδеĿ־塭
ôôħˣҪ֪ħսУΪһŮˣսܣ
ɭ˵
Ск˵ЩʲôֻһĿ־塭
Ŷֻ֮صһˣ߱κμƬߺߣڵǱޱǿɵ㣬ٺ٣¿ԽӽǸ˵ľ磡
ɭзųâ
ڤ˹лһֱӳǰɭȥ䣬ɭûƬ̶԰Щȫֵס
ħ˷ˣ
˹ȵ
㿴˹Ҫƴˣϱǿҵһڤ޸ħһ㣬֮󣬱ǰڤмʱ򣬻ҪǿҼ֡
һ֮ս
֮սڤ˹
ҲӴƸסӰһҲԣ֪ΪʲôԴݻָ֮ͶһĪİȫС
ȻҲֳ֮йأ
ã˹Ȼôʶ̧٣Ҿͽȫˣ
ɭһֽСкڿУ˿˿ϣСкѣҲѲ
ɭȻǿڹ˹Ҫ˶ԷҲҪһġ
˹ҲҪƴԷϾħУޱҪġ
䣡
һƴƳֱӰΧľըЩڤʿŵļһȫƱĵù
˲ء
ſԪͶ㵽һȥˡ
˹ȻŰɭȥһˣһҵɭǰɭĽޱǿһ顣
ǲһ
ɭЦ
ߣƾһ˵ԶԸ㣬λͲôӦ˰ɣ
˹˵
λôܣֻһˣ
ɭ˵꣬˹б׳һооĽҫ֮£Ȼ˴ֳ
ǵĳ֣Ҳʹһ
˲Ǳˣǻ׹źͺ˹
ܹܳڵƺѾȫָˣ˹Ǵʲô⣬Ȼ˵ָˣΪħô
ͺ񣡡
ɭüͷһ塣
оܹıڤ統еȫԭɭ֪϶ħԣֻнλԿˣ
˹˵
׹˵˹ҴӦæҲǵسŵоһã
ҵĿǼо֮ţϣܰҰ쵽
˹Ҳ˵
Ƕ˶Ǻ͹˹ĳЭžİæģĻ˹ȻھӪУ׹ҲιѺš
Ƿģҹ˹ŵ飬ûһûа쵽ģ
ߺߣȻһϷλΣǵ޷ҽ
ɭ˵
ɭΪҲ֪Ѿʼ־ôǣ֮ǲʵǣҪֳһȥħˣµʵҲܶԸҺһλҪͬʱԿλ첻⿪ħ
˹˵
Ұ첻ĵ
ɭ֮лһŹŹ֮ǰڷصصͷųһģһת֮µĹһ㣬ÿһڤʿŵĳԱǶһĻš
ţЩʵڼλǰһڤʿŵĳԱȫΧ
ڤʿŵУֻʣųſԪ
Ƕʼնڽ䵱УͲ׳ȥ
ϾҪ֪ǰⳡս֮սħս֮ڰ統Ϊҵһս
㿴һǱס޷ѵСкʣǸͷͯ޼ĿɰС̫дû˿аУħǱܣ˵ףⶼһͨСкֻǣڵħıһС
Ȼڤ˹СкҲûʲôģǲɵĻԲƴ˭˻λħأ
ſңſң
Скںȫ羫ƣЩȫûа֮Ҳ˵ɭʩչ֮ȷʵܴҪ֪СкǰɭֵĴ󲿷ħɱˣǱȲҲˡ
СкʹĴʱһĶУҪȥͼǿ㣬᱾۴ȥ


1500 ɫ籩
СкĴȻãǻɢһɭ֪СкܵĴ̼־Ȼ˼ǿҪ֪ɭŹʩչ˼ϣĿľҪֱӰСкеȫɣܷųԸλ
ȻҲӵ֤ڤ˹ĻɭҪͬʱ㶨λħͲܡ
ǿŹȻڰ֮иתǿλ޷Ϊ֮ƥУǿʹλиԵһ𣬲ֿ֮
׹ţ˹Ƕλ֧סɭǲһֱŹʩģħˣ
ڤ˹˵
׹źͲ˹ʩչԼԵֿǹǿ
ɭȻʲôʵķƺҪ֪ԭֻΪڤһ˻ֹħȴû뵽һʱǳλ
λȻǷǳǿڤ£˺ҲƵǿֲ
Ϊɺ޵ǣɭԿλʱҪֳһȥħҪ֪ħȻûдﵽľ磬ҪҲҪֳһſܡ
䣬Ҫ˿һ֮ɵħ̸࣬ĻһܣԶ޷֪ˣ
ɭ׳֦
֮սȻһǿ롣
ƺûѡһֻܰɭϾħ֮սе˵ǰҪ
ߣ
˹һУԵǰĲ԰ϾǰɭĻԼһȫûаʤġ
һֱڳʩչĲ˹һ֮ϵ㣬ƺæϾʵٲãҲоңܹʩչΪ֮־ףΪؼǣǲ֮¾֮ɭ޷ɲ֮
ſԪȥֹ䣡
˹ȵ
˵ʵȻǲģΪ֮ƣ˹Ҳֻҽˣ㣬˺δزܸıս֣
ſԪڤ£ǶλǰſȻ־嵫ûбֳԪȻ˫ȶڴŶ£ǰ㲻֣һǺǸļ
ǺãɭȰϰ
ԶſԪûʲôøУɱǣУȻû׼ҪԸ㡣
㣬㻹֣
ԪȻԷǾŮǶ˵ʵԸ䣬㣬ͷҲֻܿ㡣
ĵļԣˣǺڰ
ã۾һ֮
ȵ
ӰһԭԪͶſΪǶԸģȴû뵽˿̵㾹ȻƯСкҲħԡ
û֪ҪʲôɭԼҲǲ̫ģħѾɭһǿ磬ûܹƵ硣
СкƺһϢǷŶߴȴΪ֮һ־ǿ٣ڵȷǴ֮ǰ
СкΨһܹսľ
̧۾ƯԵ㣬־ӵгһĨϣûп㣬һ㶼ûУСк֪Ǹġ
СӣҪʲô
ɭȵ
Ҳ㣬䣬ſԪڤ˵ڵֿŰɭ
㲢ûг֮У⣬ص֮£˶ܿоӰ
оȻоСӣСˣ
֮ɭҪһȥ̽ʵȴǱ㵲סԭҲûоܹжǿΪɭʩչһֻһɣΪԶŻˣܹ񣬵סһǺϡ档
Ǵ˿̣ɭòԼۣ˵ʱûټ̽㣬û뵽СӾȻӵо
Ȼ֪ʵжǿ
ڤ˹Ҳһȣȫû뵽оϻ׹ţ˹λҲǴŲ³ڤ˼ӦҲΪ˶ȡо
˹Ǽڤ綼Ϊ˶ȡоİɣֻǡǵûʥߣǼоҲ޷֮ţ
ڤ˹˵ĵͦпϵġ
˹ҸǴ˵еʥߣô
˹ȵ
˵⻰ʵҲҪסɭϾһڴ˿̣Ϊͷ۵ĵˡ
ȻҪƿɭĽСкһôã˵ΪڤķˣĬеġ
ɭüͷһ壬ʱов֮޴ʥߣȻʥߣǸҲʥߣСԶŻˣȷſܳΪһʥ߰
찡
СӣҵʱӦðɱڷص֮еġ

ɭгŭ㾹ȻʥߣˣҲ޷ҲµĽģǾԲܵ飡
ô
Ǳ䡣
һΪмĮ
˴˿̵ĿⶼϣǶҪ˵еʥߣƿɭĽġ
ֵгһɫףһɫ籩ƺҪΧһȻ֮磬ˮ֮еб֮ŵİɭʩչĹƺҪǿ١
ֹУͨǲоеҲɫ籩С
ף
ںϣƺҪأ
λǿҵƸ𺳵ĲУɭ˵ףǾȻǸӵе֮û뵽㾹Ȼʥߣʥߡ
ԭһ˿ңڴ˿̣ȫΪޡ
ʥɡ
˹˰ɭĻҲһԭҪŻŻɭȴû㾹Ȼʥߣ
˹ħգʥ߳ɳǿɾͶˣ
ɭƻ
ȻҪڤ˹λһܹרĶԸ㡣
ڤ˹ԥ
ֹ
ɭҲڤ˹ǷӦ
ȴǲΪɭҪԸˣɲǱˣ㣬ݻָò㣬ڴʱ͵Ϯ㣬ⲻǶ𱨣
ģû뵽龹ȻſԪȥֹ㣡
ڤ˹ҲϾʱ̣ⰬɭʩչǻҪɭˡ
ǣڤˣ
ͬʱ
ɭ۾ͿĽжôǿ󣡡
һȡ
еɫ籩ȫͷųȥ޴ɫΪ֮һֲϢɭֵУ˭޷Ԥϵɫ籩׻ɶƻ
ſЩԥҪҪȥԪѾȲҪնɱˣȻ֪㷽ʩչɫ籩жǿ
һֱʵҲ˵ĸܣ٣ֵܹ
ԪеԴ
ֹںڰ統У˿̵۷ս


1501 ԭ
㣬Ҫɱ㣡
Ԫзųݹ⡣
˶Ԫһڵ㳯˹ȥֻɲǣ׹һԪӰǵɫ籩֮ʱһƬһըѿ
ûа

΢΢һ
Һû嶯
ſ
磬羹ȻƳˣ
ɭߵ
ߣ
ڰ֮еСкٴһֻֽӰһȥת˲š
ڲ÷ֳһԸħɭֱһƻԭܹͰɭƽֵλ˿̶ɳȥɭȵǣʥץħǱɵ˭ܵУ
ڤ˹ûᰬɭ׹ţ˹ȥѰ䣬һҪûɵħ֮ǰץ
Ӱ˸Ƭը˵ĺɭֵнʣ¶ſһˡ
ȥѰˡ
ˣˣڤʿŶѾٵˡЩ֮սǿֲ㶼ܱǰֲ˹Ҽ£¾Ҫɱ
ſЩ£뷽бǹɾ޴ƻ𺳵·ضܹһ㣬治֪Ԫȥ鷳ġ
˻ã
ſ뵽ô޴±һŭصڤȴû뵽ǰһӰ˸
㣡
ſǰˣ㣬ֻǣǸոջȵСкҲħ
СкԭƣѾת˲٣ϱϹţڿٸԭš
ǼλڶѰǵ䣬۳ĸȥпܱץֻߣһ
˵
Ϊģǰɭ˸޷Ϣɭڤǿ϶Źģ֮ҲʩչѰңҲѷ㡣
㲢ûѡκηȥǻصɭ֣Σյĵطȫĵط
ſ㣬ɫΪأ֪֣Щľ㣬ΪɱҰɣ
ɱ㣿㻹ʸ񣡡
ʼ硣

ſһɣֻҪһﲻɱԼľͺˣ΢΢֮ʱ˵Ǹ֪ͨڤĻߺߣҲԼ³
ңңڤʿŶѾˣڤ˹ҲֻħˣȫûǵȫΪҲɵô
ſ˵
ȥ
Скʵ
Ӳڤ磡
˵ʵȫָ˵ĻǱ㲻ܶԸˣ
Ҷ֪˭˵ħûаӡҳǲϵնɱħȡʵѸ٣ɱ飬ѪҺƺܹҴر
Ск˵һΪ֮𾪵ĻǶҪɱң磬ΪʲôԸң
ſҲ֪ΪʲôϾħڵʵǿҪħȻЩ鷳Ҳģѵûħ
Ȼʲô֮ʿɺͯ飬ȴģοħļ䶼ûУ㣬θɣ
ȻΪҲħһǧѷĻᣬǺȻΥܲҲܲм
֮صıһԭǶĻڤ˶ǼѰǵģ
ſ˵Ҽԭڶǿħڤصħĵط
ô
㿴Ŷſ飬Ҳ֪ԷûʱԼ˵ѣħĴȽ⣬Ҫӳڤ磬ǾԲܵģҲֻܲȡһְ취ˡ
ǾħѸʵ
Ҫ֪ħڤ統ʵ㻹ҪֻȻָʵɭ͹˹˲Ų֡
ûж룬Скֱӳ֮صı˷ȥ
ſվԭأȻûг˵ѣǼԭȷȫĵطҪ֪ԭеħ쳣ǿżΪصı壬ǿڤ˹Ҳ塣
˽ȥֻ»ᱻɱڼԭУڷ
ҲͶſûϵˣ٣ܱȱ֮ɭڤ˹ץõĶࡣ

ԭ
֮صΪ֮أ̹ǣŵһǱѩذϢ
ԭеħҲ쳣ǿ鼶֮µħֻΧ棬Ϊ޷ֵסԭֲֿϺ
ݣ
Ӱ̤뼫ԭǿϼ߸ոʬ塣
ǷżֻϬɱȻձһֻǿħ̵ˡ
ħľѾָĲ࣬ΧϺû㲻ĸоֻǿϵһЩѪҺƺĳֳ嶯
Ҫɱˣ
ܹסֻǼԭΧħǿɱҲָ˶ʵҪɱǾȥԭĵشȥɱʹʹ죡
ħͷĵȷӵŵĿֲʵ
Ȼ˸ս뼫ԭһñɵıݵУȴҲֿ
˶Ϊ죬ħɫƤٺ࣬ͷһɫӲǣ˴һɫ磬һλߣȥΧ˶η
ϣ⼫ԭǺܾûнˣħѾǱǰ
Ƿλߡ
һһСʵܲĻҲܽ뼫ԭĵشˣ
˵ĻǵݸӹˣҪ֪ǧǰҲһλǿǼԭǵıʴ˶Ķ֣
ž
˸˵꣬ϱ֣һƴؿڴ죬ǰ۵ģǼԭػڣڤ˹ҲҪ֣λǿߡҪ֪λ涼ƿǿˣǰˣкοɳܣ
Ͻѵǣ
ҲԹ
֪Դӱʴǿ֮ǱЩ࣬ǻˣҪ֪ǱʵҲ쳣ǿģؼǣǼԭеħ֮صΪǿĴڣ
˵
壬֮صУΨһѪ塣
һֱ֮أҿżԭһΧħӱ˵ĵǲ
ħս뼫ԭȻħű˻㱨
ʵǿĺܣ֮صˣڤ˹ðҪ֪ŭ˱嵱ڵ峤ϻãǸ;ǿսıƹضǿɾ鷳¶ˡ
ܹ;ǿ߼֪ʵжôǿˡ
ԴӼǧǰһı˼ս֮󣬾ͿʼˣȻڤ統УԵִＫԭ
ڤ˹ҲΪĶҪ֪ڤ˹ǰһμԭҪ̬ȼ¾Ҫϳԭˡ
֮󣬹˹ûԭ


1502 ǿ
˲ϲ£ԼĽϲʤȺսϲ׷֮ļޡ֮һϵ壬ҪǷֻܹȭͷ
ħ뼫ԭѾоΧЩԾˣԭڱԭΧܶħûжˣսսýͽ䣬ȫ˵ˡԭڲͲͬˣħʼϡ٣ʵǿȴϲڽ䵱п̽ˣûа硣
ЩħҪɱǣ
ħ˵
㵽ڻħ֣ȻҲҪ֪ǼֻħѾҪɱˣȻǶ֣
ħͷ
ʱʹĻɭ͹˹ҵǣ
˵
ħԴҡҡǣҪɱǣ
ֱǵľ˺ˣ
˵
ݣݣݣ
ֻòֲħȻӸˣʩչһħϣǰγѪ񵶣Ѫ񵶵еĵףһնЩħڲоļӳ֮£ЩӾˡ
ۣ
һѪħǸĶ֣ڵ
˶һء
ħҲɣֱӰЩڡ
ܹܵħʵ׳󼸷֡
Ȼ켶ĳɳ
ȻԼָѾѸٵˣħȣ࣬˵׻磬磬»Ϊʱʵ졣
Ȼǰ⼸ֻħҲֻǱԭڲһθˣҲǱħ壬濪ʼǲԶһֻʵǿħڶħ
ܻԶϮ㵹û뵽ԭ֮ϣȻлϵħܹ棬Ҳ˵ϵħεǿ󣬾ȻܹסԭĺϢ
Щ׷һ㣬ȻûȫɻնȻʵҪ㿪ЩҲ׾ٵģ¡һ֮ϣЩյ
һˮӱ˳
˻˻˻
һֻֻ׵ħǴˮ˳Ҫɵ㣬ħԭҪְ㣬ȴǿѾʩչڶоеЩĸΪѤõĹЩħϱž죬ʹЩħȫը

һƽһ
ŸսЩ׵ħħСһЩˣʵҲڽһǷܻħҲӲԶı¶
һֻ޴ޱȵʨ棬ëǳɫģͷһԵĻ־ȥޱȣʮֿš
սʨû뵽ħȻڼԭϣҲˣ
Ϲħ
սʨһֻ鼶۷徳ħˣֻҪûеִ۱ûаɵ
㣬ǧҪСսʨ⼫ԭ棬ʵǿ֮⣬һ޵еëЩëܹһйǿߣԶˣ
Ϲħ˵
㵹ûսʨԴս̬ȣκһˡ
𣡡
սʨ档
Щ޴󣬼Ҫѱȫ飬ֹ㣬ħսʨ㻹ܸܵΧһЩǿǻţƺڵȴžĽ
ЩˣսʨҲԸħ
ϣѾ׳о˿ǲأһնɱôħûаƣ֮СЩڷżǿȴûʩչ
˵˲СӲֵģǵ˲˵ĺܣսʨķĸ֣ǺҲܺ

䣡
նĵâսʨȫһ㣬ްôҪ֪ͬȼ鼶֮Уȫ޵еĴڡ
սʨëɼжôǿӲˡ
۲޷ֺ
üͷһ壬ѪҲ
ʩչȥսʨĻ̱ɣһһĹսʨë֮ϡ
Щëҵĺɫâڵǿ֮Сԭ޵һڵëȻҲʩչٵһСһСëޱڣԭޱȵսʨʱԵмǱģ
սʨԭؿ𣬺Ȼǰˡ
ϣǿսʨأ
ţԭΪսʨĶ֣û뵽ҵС

ҲֻһСëƤ治һĺ񰡣
ҲǾЩû뵽սʨѲߵȻҲû뵽ᱻˣǰܹ࣬Ȼڳһֻ̬Ҫ֪սʨ⼫ԭпǲ֪ûܹһ˺ˡ
սʨԭضţ涼һ㣬˹ٶ֮죬ҲҲܿսʨ˿жôʹ㡣
ϴ˿ҲǱǿҵƳ֮ǿ󣬿սʨǳײҪײɡԶȴǻһ׶סսʨ
Ӱ֡
ȻܹЩ֣ϾǶſòûи⼫ԭдడǵģȷ಻̺ŵıѩҲǿġ
ǰɫʵǵִ磬ϱĿЩĮǳԭŵսʨŭʵˣͲҪǿң¾Ҫɱˣ
𣡡
սʨȻ˻

Ϻȵ
սʨȻٰ㲻ˬ˳ȥ
༸λ˶˵ϣսʨЩѷ֣αˣŭġ
ߣٸҶһΣҷҪëȫɣ
Ϻȵ
Ƭ̣Ͽħˣûв´ĻȻǻˣ
۹ã
ЦЦ
û뵽˷ǵʵǿ󣬾֮ɢƶڲͬǿ󣬾Ȼ˿ûаԼ
Ҫ֪ˣոձֳʵֻ鼶۷徳硣
Ȼֻһ͵ִ֮Ĳ࣬һһذ
ħڴŹģȻǰЩ˲̫ˬҪʩչҲֻ󣬱ϾֻһСкȻǱʶҪɱˣҪǿһжԴ֮ǰֻһںɭֵУǲɱˡ
仰˵ħҲֻһ˵ģ
ߣˣϣǧǰɾλ˻ܱʴˣʹñʴһչؾǼǧ꣬ޣǱ챨ˣ
˷ڵ˶ŭڵĿħˡ


1503 Ǳ
ĪͲ֪˵ʲôһצҪǷڳĻͳնɱԼˡ
סڣǻǿ֮ˣħ֣ʴ˰ܸҲСӲǻĺˣѵұ˾ֻ۸۸СôҪ֪ЩŬΪʲô
Ϻȵ
һǼ˱㲻ҶˣȻпĿȻǰʹޣڷǰȴǲ
㿴ЩҲĺܣ˵λľǿûһëǮϵǻˣҲİ
ϵǿħУħݣ㲢û͸¶ֻ˵ħһñ죬׷ɱ
ϵҲûʣתƻ㣬ǱͻȷЩڣҵǻʵʱ𣬵ȻлǾǿߣҲս
ԣҵǶƫҲҪ֣
ͷûʲôҲһʶģ
еȫ㶼ǶݺݵģСȷϲˣβ
ǱҲѾкþûˣǿȥǵߣ
ǣ
˵ΪǿһʵҲǾˣȻмħףҲΥ
ΪǼԭյ㣬û뵽澹Ȼһǡ
ǵԶҪӣ˺ħȻȥǢһ
ֵҲСڷһЩҩǾˣȻʳ
ЩʳħǼԭһֺĹӣֹӲܹӣܵϺ
㣬ҸһִģǺˣ֪ΪʲôҪҴۿϴڤ˹˼Ҹˣ
ٲȻǱ˵һܡ
Ϊβǹǵ֮ػڤеʿǰɧô
֮صеԴǱħ֪ǻ˵ãǱȻκεˣҲ̫鷳οûжħܹ˼ԭϺ
˺ܵ͵ʹǿҲԸȥҡ
㵹࿴
ħлɫâŽֵߵħˣһҪɱ
һļе̹ʧ
ϸ΢ľٶǲû÷ϵĶӻǿ֡
ֵԻ֣ǿħȻܲѺãǶԻǿ𾴵ĺܣûǿ˲ι۱ǶԵģĻе˶ݲǡ
ǲ󣬳˽ֵһͨñɵӣǿ߶ˣǵеıݷǳһЩвپ˶Զһ
ԣǵеһְҵ㡣
ǾǱʦ
͹Ľʦ࣬ȻڰȻҲнʦǺڰ統жڷݵҪ󲢲ߣЩ˵ĵλҲܵ͡
ǱʦͬԭбȾ˸ֵǮľǱݡ
ֻҪбݣôͲϺ
ڱݵУһůԣܶ˶ﷱܺ˵ħ
Խ˵ڱǵеĵλҲߡ
ȻϵıǱǵıݡ
ҲеȼһǵǣǱݡ
㣬Ҹ׸ǰһǱݣǿһֱ
ǿħһ俴ǺıݵС
統еһȷһȾɾ羵棬ӵоȻһĵط
ȻҲֻǰһóƬһЩܹð˳ħǰʵĵþ߷ɣֱСְץԣ
ĻǿһĿģСԻ㣬͵û˵
㣬ȻңǱݸȴǷ٣Ҫ֪ޣܶǵеˣֻ˵ڳ⣡
ǿ˵
˼ԶȻǿͨ׾˵õģҲҪ߾֮
ʵģ˶ˣܾܿǳݵֱɱ
ռݣڱǵвҲӡ
Ͼܹþݵˣʵ쳣ǿġ
ҹĻ٣Ű
ʱıפһȺ޶֮ˣħ
ڤҲǱһľɫ
֪ôǵ࣬˵һǻˣ
ɣˣǱ˲ӦҪնɱô
дǣ
ݣȻдǣϺͿˣѵ˱ѩɽ֮۵ĳô
ˣϻһǼıݸǾס
ģЩ˾ͻﰤܶЩ˾ܵߵεĿȻǼıסУҪǵıݣ
Ҫ֪Ǽıݿһһĸߵӡ
㹻ⷽ˵һСȺ˾ס

ףѾдˣ
ǿѾصС
ǵеźһ°ɣ
ýĶˣ͵ػħߵĶԹûк˵
ǱԼ飬ʲôú˵ģ֪ΪʲôǼʶô
ǿ޶ۣû³ױ⣡
ǿ˵
ҵһʥߣ
һ˿ԡ
Ϊ˵ʥǿ֮󣬴δ˵ڰʥֹ߳
Ҳˣʴ˱չ֮ʱԤ⼸ǧڰ罫ƽȻڤ磬ضҲҪܵ
˵ڵʵȻûоǿǿ󣬵һֺ;ǿͬƣƣܹʹ˭η壬ǰ֮о˵Ҫо֮ţ
ֻʥ߲ܴ֮ţ
ף˼ˣѹѺãȴǶڤǰᣡ
ǿͷ
ڤһҪ֮أǳ룬ȻҲС⼫ԭĿģʥߣǿ׬ˣ
˵ұȻκˣһλʥѣǲģԺܹڲ֮ء
ף׵ģֻҪǵУһչ˺õģ
ǿ˵֮꣬⣬ħ
һֻӰħ
ֻܿӰӣǷڳġ̽Աħ뼫ԭҲ㱨ġ
ϣ飬Ҫ㱨
Ӱħкֱ˵̫н㲻ˣ
˵
Ӱħ˵һػħߵļһֲˣǹţڶ£һСȺѾǰıݣҪɱ˶ݣ
ףػħߵ˾Ȼָǰȥǣ
ǿ˵
ǿȴȥݿȷȫػħߵ飬ȥ죡
˵


1504 鷳
ػħǱǱһӴħ
ħһⶼǻԵģͱ˱УԭҪɱˣռԭȫԴȴû뵽Ͻǣѵػħߵһࡣ
ǽǿ󣬵ػħֹ߲һҪƽɱǣ޹
ڱ˵ȻػħǷǳвĵˡ
˿̵ػħϮȴûǿǰȥסıݣȻѾλ÷ŵıȵػħ߻Ҫˡ

ħںͱˮеɱţ㿴һħⲻ̶³
Ҷڳ㲻ɱˣֻվˣͿˣ
ħ˵
ͷϾȻҲֻӲǣȵ峤֮󣬱ܳΪħˣ
ħ˿ڱݵУòѾ췭ظı仯˵İɣѾ̬߰ˣòȻɰͷڽɫӲǣ˸ȥͲǷˡ
ħʲôõģֻ㣬аȫУ
ħ˵ںɭֵУиȫļһҪҳʱҡħҪɱңЩʿҲץȥŹңҲֻң
̫Сˡѳ꣬˵Ҳ㶯˼ģ
Ц
ʵħʮ⣬Ի᲻ϧһд۽ɡ
ҪҼ临ԭˣ᲻ɱң
ħʵ
㵹ûлش𣬴ʱов鼶ı˶ħڵıݻ
䣡
ݵȻнģǼıݡ
Щ˺Ҳ޷ƱݵĽ硣
Сӣҹƾʲôסôõĵط̵ģ汲ΪʲôҪ氤ܶⲻƽ
ǰСӣΪ浱ͷڹͿԶһУǲŹģ

֣ȻҲֻˡݵĴƿ˳ħҲЩ˶Ϊмǳ˵Ŀ⡣
СӣڳˣΪҪһأ
ۿûһӣݵģ
㿪żɽǵЩˣǻ˵ʲôݣСӣǻˣ˱ģ
ǣӶҵôûʵɣȻĸ綼һ
ǵڹʱ᷿飬żʣһЩֱǿݡЩǰݣ㵹ǵĺܡ
ģƾʲôסô߹ıݣǾǲ
ɱ
ħͲסƢ
һְסȥ뺦ô
סħҪˣʱʬҰ㣬»ɭ͹˹ˡ
ʱ򣬺롣
ͯЩļһûþˣֲõǰܱʴˣҪΪֻ֮ع
ΪԼһΪͷΡ
˦˦ӣȵǲܾˣ
ϵƶɢȥǿʹЩԭҪı˶΢΢˺󼸲𺳣СƸòǻ˵İɣ
һȺ
⻰˵ģǴĻǿվߣǼűסı˺ȵǶǱ˵˵ұǵĹͣǸ
ǿˣǻˣҪǺǸ
ߣЩ̰ļһ鼶ʵͲ˼ȡݣǿŬȥƴģһǱݵǱݣ㸶ŬжջһǱǵĹͣıݣ
ǿȵ
ǵУֻǿ߲ܾסЩһǱݶûסıˣȻŬĻ˲ҵġ
ǿ˽ѵҲ޹⣬ȻԼĴ󣺡ǿˣˣնɱֺι
նɱڼԭսʨ飬ǿ»ûü˵ɣƾҲնɱˣҸոտǲɿųģ
սʨȻˣ찡ǿǿȵսʨ
ڲźûдǰԸ㡣
ҹ
ǿȵ
ΪһȴҡͷǼȻɶˣҪʲôģǿʲôҲָָ㣡
˺ǿʹ֪ˣҲԸȥϡ
οֲ˼ȡļһȻΧڻǿΧҪɱ
ǿüǵеȷҪɨһˣ
ţΪƵǵ֮
Щ˶ʹڤЩڤɱ֮һ׶ǿ
Щı׶ֲһվУ;ʹɸˡ
ǻǿϾȻһɫףɫ쳣ǿֱӽЩ׶档
ǳıʥߣȻ͸ˣ
ҵĸףʥкδ
ǿȵ
ʵ鼶۷徳ֻһִ߱ʥҲǷ͸ǿƳ
ЩҧƺԼûһ˿ϣˡ
ȥɣ
ǿ˫֮ɢҵıЩֱӽЩ˱⣬֮󣬻ǿȻһЩȻ籬һ㱬ѿ
ը죬Χٵıݵеı˶֡
ɱĺãЩһ£ǱˣͶԸˣ
ǿӢ

ɱˣǿ˵㣬ǲ˼ҲǸոսӵϢŸϹģЩһǱ˵мٵһ֣Ժ飬ұ֤ٳˣ
ûʲô
ҡҡͷǿʱ֣㶯ˣϾĿǰʵɱЩҲط̫󹦷ɱԼˣûаɾ͸еġ
ȻҲֻǶĿǰԵĵȼ˵ǡħУҲʲôɡ
㿴ǵıŨŨŨϹȻսڵĽ׶Σѻǿһɫı˷شܵͬĻˣܹ۲쵽˵ĻǿȺܴ󣬿
ֲܹļһ
ڴ֮ǰҲֻܹһ㡣
ѵǱŴ
ǿˣ²ػħξܼƻʵǰǿͿ칥ˣ
ôܣҸ׶Ѿȥˣ

˵ı˸˵֣ȳѪҪȥһϢ
˵
ǿ˵
ʱһϹлЩӱݵе˶Ϲ綬Ѥõһԡ˵ıϡ
Ƭ̣Ǳ˾Ȼٴ۾ɫҲࡣ
⻪ˣҲô
ǵȻ֪ǻˣҲƫϾǷĿˣҲұֳǴ˿̣ķ׭˵ıսʿǿԭ߰ǿһȻЩ㡣
˵ϿסǼıݵУʵ顣
ǿߣｾıҲ΢΢Ĵָοֺ͵ػħս״С
ÿһսʿɶʿñǵʿս
һ𾴡


1505 ػħ
㵹û뵽ٶʹЩ˶ӡĹۣλشı˵ˣػħߵħ÷ץסˣ
ܣ׿ǿߣػħߵħǰ
ǿȻţǼ㣬ұǵпϴΣʱĻȥţ
Ҳȥ
ħӱ˳̫ˣ
ûȥʶʶǵػħߵħҲá

š
ս죬ǵȻðŹỤ̃ǸźɫĻȼñƳɵĳ֮ϣХıŰţ֮ʬҰɫıˣҲһЩȫɫħ
ǽ֮żΪĽ磬סڶħ
ħǽҪµġڵֻҪڵŵıǽǵػűֱռݱǣ
ǣһǣǺͱ˿ôã벻Ҫõıˣ
ǻħ˳ᢣϮˣ÷±ǳϣƳǣٺ٣¿Ľ
Щػħߵħö쳣ǿ׳ǿ׺ܴиǻͷ޴Ӳǣվţͷһ㣬ǻųɫĻ棬һ˿Ļ¶Ҫճɻҽ
Ϊ׵ǻħϣеǬѷסűǳػ𡯷ʴЦϣǧ꣬˾ıǳҵػħߵ֣⼸ǧ䣬ǵػħҲѸٷչǬһħķߺߣҲòܵ
һֻڰСĺɫڰ֮УӵǷϣǬѹ˼ðŹâȴ޷Ǭ
ߣħ֪͵ʲô鵤ҩȻܹһͻɾֲã⼸ʮǵػħߵǰֵĺܣԭǵһ죬Ҵˣ
Ϻȵ
ʵЩ⣬ԭħֻ鼶۷徳ʵȴû뵽ͻֻǸողȻǷ϶֣˭֪ħȻǬֱӽУ㷴Ӧ֮ûС
űǱػڣŭȴ޷
ⱻסٱսʿǸ߰վԭϣϲ˻Щǵĵ
ϣǵЩʿΪѰǶӢµսʿ˵ʵұǱȽ͵ģǲͶ
ħһ䣺ѵҪɱǣ
ұɸ߰ȥҲԸ΢Ļţ㾡ɱɣұܻḴģ
Ϻȵ
˵öԣǲʴһɱЩػħߵħ

ʴˣǣѾȥǧˣЩ޶۵ıˣѵڵȴĻعôѩɽ֮۱ʺ;ǿߵһսأһı֪ǾǿߵĶ֣չǧꡭ٣˵úǱչأ˭֪ǲǶأǵǱǣǴУ
ħЦ
ʱ䣬ǽȫڻˣҪҪնɱЩսʿⳡսǵػħȥֵܣ
ħ˵
ãɱɱɱЩ̵ı˶Կô꣬ǵػħ߲֪˶ħҲʱ֮ˣ
Щȫݺסħ¹򣬵ͷʩչ֮ħûа㷴ֻܴ֮Ǽпǲ

һģ
˶Ӣ£µزҲδ
ɱ
ħȵ
Щħʩչǿĵػ𣬷ձսʿ˿̣ǽ֮ϣȴǷӰ
һ׶˳ȥֱƿЩסıսʿ
ǿˣ
ʩչ׶֮ǻǿ
ħмǵеսʿ
ף
ǿűǬסķϣмС
źߣǿ㸸׵ģǰǬŵǰҲ޷㸸ף
ħȻһƣǬȻĴӰ֮гŻǿȥ
ǿԭҪסǬȴǱһƿ
㣬Ϊʲôֹң
Сģ
һͷÿǬֱײڱǽ֮ϣȻһԭҪڻıžȻֱƿˣʮ׳ֱۣܹӿǵеȫ
ħɵȴ˾޴ƻǿЩȻеʵƿң¾Ҫˣ
Ǭ»صħУűǵеĳ¶ǰһΪûлǵкúÿȴû뵽һ죬ұҪΪǵˣ⼫ԭһħģ
ȥΪ˷ܣѾˣһԸ
ѵҪұǣ
ϰ̾
Ǭ̫ǿʹ޷ƿԻǿʵҲûбκϣҪ֪ħ˵׻ǿߣǵУ֮ԵС
ħұǣΣ
ǿȵлһЩԭܹıȴڻħϳڻˣ˶ܿǿͻħʵ̫
ǿƾҲҶңߵƺǱ˰ɣ٣Сӵҵػħߵˣ㲻ΪҶɣ
Ƿ
ħ
ҲЦԭҲǺͱ֮ǣԭĿıеħȻȴ١
˵ȷ٣ҲҪбô
ȫҪˣ
㲻м
Ȼ;һʥߣҲǼʶʵܻսʨķоͲĶ֣Ҳֻڴܹܻħȱǡ
ǿҲ˵Ļܣ㣬Ӵ˿̿ʼһǿΪ磡
Ѽ飬ǿԭǿ㣬ҪǷϷԸȻȻ˽ӴԴӷһսʿԼ˿̵ķâ¶ûǿ𾴵ĺܡ
ǿߣ˾η
ͷƮоγѪ񵶣ȻƳػħߵħܸܵƳԼⷽƽ
ǿ
ЩħнǺȻǶû뵽ǿʵӵƣﻹǻħķϲİ
Сӣû뵽оߺߣǴգӵ˱ǣȻõо
ħЦоڤ˹ǸһҲԭ˰ɣ
ħǳ룬һʥߣΪô׶Ըôߣ
Ϻȵ
ʥΣΪһħǱŴģΪҺλʴһǿ߻ܾҲҳˣҽҪɱʥߣ˭ҺΣ
ħɫ棬ܹڻǽĵػ


1506 ִ
ػԵޱȣ֮յ죬ǽϵľ󲿷ֱʬ嶼ǱػģħΪǵסػģźһȴû뵽оȻƺΪԵЩɫĻȻΪǿᣬֱӽػˡ
䣡
Ŵ̱ǵζֵܹסħĵػѾ˾ˡ
پ󲿷ֵı޷һġ
ǿгϣԭΪֻǽ壬ȴû뵽㣬ʵսʨëû׼ȱǣ
˿̣бʿҲϣϣȻҪǡ
塣
ߣȻ
ħŭǿ׵˷һֻֻ㣬û㣬ҽŲס棬ѪȻסǾ֡ǣħǿϾ磬ħ΢΢ʩӼһ󷭣Щ
磬ҪҪҰ㣿
ħԵüһ̫ˣһȻΪͷ
һ󷭣ҲʹЩ˵ֵȵףҪȱǣֻܳ漣ˣ
СӣӵҲҵĶ֣ߺߣ
ǲ˼ոҿûжво
Ц
Цһ˶ôʱ㣬ûаѻħУ
ܣҪûоȫôߣǿˣ
ħûǰڶԸһλĸ֣Ȼģ
ЦЩһ˵Ŀ־塣
ħǬɢǿҽ⣬Ϊķǿķ϶У֪Ǭж
ȻǬֻһˣȴҲܹͷų޴֮£޷ֵ
ɣ
һȫȻûаηħ˼ʵȻѾִ鼶ھʵͿɱ鼶޵ˡ
սʨķܱƳҲ˵ĿǰʵҲ
˵ʱ׼ɭµĽˡ
ħֻǸոսˣ㲢ûаС
ȥ
Ǭħ˦˳ȥܹĿһ㣬渽ŵǿҲϣϱǬУֻԴһ죺ϣСģҪƿǬ
󺧣㴫ģ벻ͨǣλǬҪ֪Ǹ˺ܴһǻħ޷ʩչģ϶޷ܹأ
ԼԲһ磬鷢ͻ䡣
Ͼ仯̫죬ǰһ룬Ϊǹһ룬ػħߵħҪС
漣ʱڷţ
ʲô
б˶гһĨɫ籩ƺҪΧеڱͬһںһһ
˵ʱʱ죬ݲκηӦ֮Уһײĺһ㣬ħһֱڴŵǬײĳȻûг֣ѪǣǬȻеǹĪɫ籩ֱײˣ
ѳ룬޴ѷϲµĽ綼ˣԵǣǿ󣬵ڵϱǿ֮󣬲û̫ʹࡣ
ȣףû뵽ʥߣ
˵
ǿҲһǱ֮󣬿¸㶼޷ܣ
ܣǬȻѿˣСӣôӵдݻǬ
ħŭǾǰԸܱǰСƻ
ۻӵ
ŵСӣ
ħȵ
㣬͸֧Լ
Ϲħ
㻹Ҫٴʹ׵Ȼǿ󣬵ĵͷ׭ȴǼ죬ĿǰܹһʩչףѾڼޡ
ȻҪһ
ûа취ֻҪɵħ۱ִܵʱڵٴγԣ
ʹѪ񵶻ɱħΨ׵Դݻ
ɢǿҵϹ⣬оµ㣬ףһɫУڲо֮ԴԴϵ׵С
ںڰ統Уܹʹǿ
ǿ
϶ȣʥ߾ʥߣʹֻ鼶ҲܱԽ
бսʿĤݡ
ЩػħߵħҲУȻҲΪħš
ħкȻ׶ߵԭأ˭Ҳ֪˿̵ʲô
ӣ
ħԺгһۣ
ǿ㣬ħѡ
ǺȻҪڴ˿̵ǰߣȵ컹ѣ
ǵںɫ籩˻ħһֱӳϮ޴ضû谵
Χĺȫʧȡ֮ȣѪЩսʿͬһĨɫȼһ㣬ǾȻȫЩػħߵħɱȥ
ң
ħ˽˹
䣡
ɫ籩ը֮ʱѾϵħԣȫɵħȴû뵽˿һϮȻֱӽħߣ
䣡
Ե䣡
ףô£ħȻˣ
ƬԭУӦûĴڣħеǬʵҲͻͽѵи
Ҳü
֮ϣǵеıսʿһѾཫֵĵػħߵħȫնɱһ緢ȴǿԶһӰȻվϢ
ףڵȫڿһսʿܽðһԭΪܹɵħȴû뵽ħı󣬾ȻиΪǿǿߣ
㣬ѹ㲻Ҫ嶯¿ɺãڵȫˡȵȣô£㵤֮ô־ۼ˶ƺѾִأ
Ϲħ˵
ȻŴڵҲϹħԱˣļޣȴĸ죬˵ܲɵħ嶼ûκ˺
ڼ֮£죬οЩ磬ȫִﵽҲֻ߹ǰδ߹·ˣ
͸֧ʹĵ˲һ㣬ڤȻַתӿŵȻĸ㣬Ѿִڰһˣ
һ˳˼ĺľ硣
磡
ǳԽĴڡ
˵ľ֮УӷڣֱӸڿУһԶðŻĿѨֱӱը
ǿ󣬶Ͻʯ
䣡
һԶϮȻܹӦǷǾ»ħʩչġ


1507 
飡
еĻҪǿ٣ûд⣬ڵҲѾΪνָϲоǿֵסǵ⡣
Ӱ֣֮УһӰԳСӣôӣħǱЩյĵӣ㾹Ȼߺߣ̫ˣʲôϹèϹ۸ˣ
ǵӰһλߣȻֻǲӰƼǿȫΧܹһ
Ȼ֪ǰ˭˵ûв´ĻӦĻǾɣ
㵹Ǵûطص飬Ҳһ֮ء
Ͳ֮أڤ¥¥ڤڤҰߣǱǵ˷ϰɣħ㣬Ҳеʶ
ǾֻڤܵشΣʱŻ֣ҲΪʲôҪ֮صе飡
ԭܼ򵥣ħ֮صпеһӣЩ꣬ҲǴ͸һŵҩǬҲǱƳɵģǲ۸ǵӣҲ׷ǣߣǾȻҪɵ޿ˡ
Ǿ˵
ȥҪɱ㣬ħֻع
ͽܻħػħߵħұǣָ㣿
ܣֻ֪ħҪСɵˡߺߣ
Ǿڤʥأ൱ںڰ磬Ǻ֮ص˽ƽϣʲôҪ֪ҲΪλλλλʵڲװɣ
˵
ҲǶʱ֮ǰڤ̫СˣԭиΪǿڣֲãħܹڤһս
ףӶ۸ˣػħҲСҵϡãѵҪ
Ǿŭ
ߣĻôǿһǱıʴ˺ѩɽ֮սǸʱ˭ǰʴ˵æ¶񣬲Щܸɳô
Ϻȵ
ϻ˵ѾѻħͻֻҪСܳȫһұʹ˰ݣ
Ǿȵ
ϻ˵ʲôȴǱֹֻһˣۻܵ𣡡
ţ㲻ҲǸսλˣֻλλ֮Ĳжô
ǾЦ
£
һƻĵлǻǾӳ˲оҲ޷ƻǾţһ·Ҫһ㣬ȻڣܵЩû뵽Ǿǿ
㣬ڤ˹ֻλλǿ󣬿ɲܹģ
˵
ߣ
Ǿ֮һǿƺҪΪֲƺڰ統еĻ񣬶޷ӵ档
֮𣬱ҪǿĶ࣬㣬ɴⰡ
СӣƵ֮𣬱һ

ǵɫ֮𿪵쳣Ѥã𣬱֮ػҪǿ
û뵽ȻҪʱʩչףĻ޷ֵǰ֮
һɫڴ˴г֣Щд󺰹񫰡һοֻоǿ߲ӵеطˡ
ǻǾеüͷ𣺡ߣôǸֵСӣ
֮𱻻Ǿʩչȥ羪£ת˲еҲ˳ȥ䣡
ǷŻǾһǿѻħߵĻƾǵ⣬Ȼǻ׼ĺһġ
ԣ֮״ݻٵһ̣ǾҲԭأΪ֮Ҫɱ㣬練ƣȴû뵽׾Ȼƽ
ֲþǿѩɽܹ֮ǿıʡ
׹ȻΪصĹ
ײҲʹܳһ󣬷ϺȵǾѾֵס㻹кλ˵
ߣСӣҷɱ㲻ɣ
ǾӰʧǰ
ǼһˣӮˣ
˶˷
ħվ㲻ԶƲһ㶼û
ԭ׼㿸סǾһ״£ģȴû뵽Ȼûᡣ
㣬ǻǾûк̫ƽϣĻ
ҡҡͷ
λˣ۳ҲҪɱ
ȵ
ڤĽ֮أԭûбҪ㽲ģȻ㶼Ѿŭ˻ǾҲ˵˵ɣ
˵ڤȻǺڰһֲ֣ںڰ磬ڤ統صĵطڤĵطǧǰħս֮ʱгսڤ࣡
ͷ
ΪţȣԼǾڵ壬Ǿڼԭ֮ţҲڤΪǿĴڣ
˵ʵ㣬ҾǱڵͽʴҲǴӱȵгһǿߣ
Ȼֲ÷Ϥ
ɱȥ
ħȻˡ
ûгϿħͷϵӲ˵㣬Ҵܹ³⺢ͯˣ
Ǿ֮ɫѹ־⺢ͯأֲð
ɭ
Ӱħӳг
ɭ
ϲɻ㣬ذɭǵİɣ
ͷµûħ֮µһӣħ̥ѾѣѳɭڤҪħĿǰʵȻǺɱɭģֻܴ⼫ԭ
磬ѾҵʵҲﵽˣǸʲô
ħ˵
㣬ȰǲҪͰɭӲȻλ񣬵һڤ˹ҲĻǾͺ鷳ˣ֪оİǿ
˵ǻȥɣ
ȵҵʦߣǵģ
磬ǻҸ׵İɣڱȵУ㻹ߣʱնɱ֮Ҳڻ£
ǿ˵
ϣҰɭǣȻӭӶӭӣߣôĽ飬׷ô
һ촫
ߣ
Ϻȵ
۲ܹ˲ɣ
ȵ
ߣȻĲǵУҺѰҵķȷģ
ɭӱǵз˳ƯڿУɢɫâܹܵȻǿ˼֡
㣬ҲŸոհѼԭһǧֻ鼶ħɵˣ벻㣬̹
ɭЦ
ʲôɭһﾹȻɵҼԭħ
ǿȵ
ⰬɭȻÿԭɵһЩ鼶ħȴû뵽һɵٶֻħһѵǷô
Ҫ֪ԭеĴ󲿷ħڱ˵ĿľǵסһЩҪֱǵĵˡ
ֻħˣʲôҰħɵҵĸкúۣ


1508 
ɭҲû뵽ǵпħҪ֪һ·ϣǣһҪͷϴкæħ㣬ҪɼԭħҪ֪ħǿģٶֻ鼶ħܹ
սǱǿŨ̷Ȼǳˣܼħ֮ľϲ
ɭұǾô
Ϻȵ
ҾΣֻҪħɣڤ罫һ˻Ҷ֣ŵǼϼһﶼУ
ɭ˵ʼҪ׷Ǹ˵ĽŲ
ɭҿǷħˣȻ˵㻰
ҡͷ
ħҲȵҲŲ㣡
Сܱ޴Ӳǵһڹ˾֮£ǿĺڹȴǱɭһƸڻ
ħ۾ҲǺȻû뵽Ⱜɭǿ
Ʊػһս
˵
㣬ôҺܳԾλλ񣬿һԽĺ蹵ӵ׵Ҳ޷֮Ĳ࣡
ɭЦš
ɭλ񣬷Żɵٶֻ鼶ħʵҪҪλˣܸܵǿǣ㲢ûη壬ɭ±ǿˣ磬һָֻ׺ɱ
㣬Ͻħ뿪ǣȥҰסɭ
˵
Ҫˣ۵ʱûнҪħúһսֻһˣǲٿ̫ˣ
˵
ǿԴСӣʱ͸ֻϣڻܿڳô
ɭ˵
ǾСԶŻˣնɱˣܹڴ˿̱Q
ݣ
ڴʱһâ˸ʣɭüͷĿ죬˹һȻڤ׷ٴ󷨣ҵϢ
ڤҲˣ
Ҳһȡ
Щ˾͸ǼˣǶû뵽쾹Ȼô飬ǻħ㱻նɱλǾڤˡ
Ƽһ찡
Ƕĸߣ֣ȻѪ
㣡
Ǻ˹
Ҳǳͷ
ҲǱڤƣ˵пƣǽףĿĶҪõо
ڤۿɭڤ׷ٴ󷨣Ҫ׷Ҳ̫ܿĻʱɵٶֻħʱӦó֣ʱһܾϲɣ
ߣ˹ͻʿ֮㣬ħ͵ˣ
òĶҲõ
ڤ˹ĺܣ԰ɭĸԣɵħƤˣ
ŶҪֹô
ɭЦҪ֪ڵ˲٣
ɱ㣿
˹ȵϣҪ֪һɵħǶҪٵ
Ȼǻæ
һλǿ߼ս
ۿûȤⳡսҪսĻұħˣ
ת˵
ⳡսȻ˷ϵļ룬ɭռˣ㵱Ȼ֡
Ǹҹ㣬ӵ
ɭ񱩵
ڰ֮Уĵнڹ⣬ЩڹȻλһֵȻЩԲǿ
˹뿪ıӰ΢΢Щ㾹Ȼ˵仰ûУҪ֪˴һˣ˹Щϰߣټ˻ڤķޣ͸Ƕ
䣡
ɭǿλĸҪѰħһʱɵħˣ
ɭӰʧڱǵС
ԸѾУ
ϰ˵
ڤ˹Ҳû뵽ɭܱǿɭѾԽԽǿˣԲɵħĻֻ·һ
˹׹Ҳͷ
ͬʱŰɭʧķȥ

ħ뿪˱ǣһƬľɽ˶һƵշ塣
շһʯ
֡塣
壬Ǿŵĵط
㰵˵
ħҲָָǰ磬ǰӦþǶţɽȵУǷ˵ıȣ
ǰһ֣Լܹж죬ӦþǶڡ
ħͷܿһɽȣȻȵ׵ʲôǺȻʵϱΪһ壬ĺܡ
ǰһӦþǽ붾ŵĴ󣬶Ҳɽ֮ϣɽ֮£ͬƵĹӦӦе
ħʵ磬ǷҪȥȰ
ȥҷϵʦô
ҡҡͷҪȥϴǻǾ
ħϵĵȻЦݣͣͿˬˣҿԾʩչħˣ
Ҳǵͷɷ嵱һĸ磬ܹǵϢȫ棬ɭ޷Ӧõģ
Ӱһɷ塣
ҪеʱһȴϮˣʩչʵΪͨλǺˣȻô壿
˳ûӢһؽͦƵģƺħ֮ˡ
˵꣬Զż˸˹˵£㾹ȻҽţٴĹô
Ҳ˵ƺϹЩ˸ո˵ĻȻ֮йڵġ
ôҵ˰ְͷ٣ѵʦǾֵͽܣ
һƵ˵
û뵽СӾȻǻǾͽܣ⵹ͦ˼ġ
˶ħ
ҵİ֣
ٷϻˣӾѵǲ֪ôһױһףǵĴѵʦǾߺߣʦó棬ɳɵеĸô
ֻǿϧһһӣôҲǴİ
ǶЦ
ǿ߰ɣǶǷӣ
Ӿħ˵رǿħϾ̫С
ߣһ˶Ҫ뿪ǴǹȲɣ
˺ȵ
ҪΧУȴû뵽һӾһнѪ˶һȫȻû뵽ӻᵹѪ֮С
Ҫ֪ǵʵǿ鼶ʵûдﵽ˴˶ŹУҲǴȣ۸Ӿһǰȴһ
ϾǶŭӾʦǾǼһƢ𱬵ĺܣɲ׶Ը
㣬Ȼɱ
ǱΪɱӣȴû뵽СޱȵĺͯһĨѪؼǣǶûпħγֵġ
찡
ӾȻǸ֣һɱ˲գ۵ɱ֣
ȷħ۾գûգһ£ɱˣѾ̫ˣڵħҪﻵˣαǶһ˿΢Ц
һ߰꺢ͯϸЦǸоôɭֲ


1509 ħ뺷
ħ磬ɱ飬Ͼ֮ɫδɢʱѾȫˣħҡҡͷûôһ
ȷһλʵѾִħ˵ɱǣƬ֮䡣
ħӾɱģȴǱֹˣʲô˶ɱħδ
㣬ǵʲô˰
Ӿŵõȫû뵽һﾹȻرħ»Ǿͽ¶Ҳһġ
㵱ȻҲЩøУϾҪܿħͳˡ
ʲôˣǽɵоˣ
˵˵ʦǻǾӦɵаɣ
ʦҶûлȥˣ
Ӿ˵
˵嵱Уʵֱܹͨڰ磬Ҳ˵嵱е˻϶Ժڰ磬Ȼ廹ڤ硣
ͨڰλܣֻҪȥѰҺʵͽŻнڰ硣
ĻûбҪͨڰĴǹرŵġ
ŵУΪڶɣɵʦ϶λļǾӾϵʦ
ʦδ̹һһʽľѧͽˣΪûǱ
ӾįȻƽʱܶί
Ҳܲ³һĻǾҲ»ħ϶ǿ˻ħǱܡ
ɵлǾֻһʦˣһλƽ̴ˣɵ䣡
Ӿ˵Ǿһֱƽ̴˲ͣ£˺ܶɵеǿߣƺҪȡƽ֮λ
飬治ܵô
֮ɵейֻҪ̫ˣһǲôģҪ֪֮УڶɣҲ֮һɶйƽ֮λ飬ûǳ¶
Ӿ˵
ͷŵеĸ߲ӦĬ飬ȻҲܸ˵ƽ߾֮ȥġ
ӾѾħڵɵУʱɵд󲿷ֵ˶ȥɷˣһС˿ӾҲӶƺӾʧ£Ҳûκθо
ǴڸС
ӾɵһֱҲ˿ڸС
Ӿ˵ǰЩ챻ɵļһһ٣£ŻȺõûУвٵҩ
һǺк˿ӾԵħҲͷΪֻɵµӣûκο˼
ӾһµӣٶѰɡ
ӾҡҡͷûʲôѾˣ
·ϵʱѾ÷׭ȣڲûκδ󰭡
û¾ͺãУҸ㣬ʦŻħˣǼһǰͿ㲻ˬλСĵ㣡
˵ˡ
Ӿһ״㿴Щͬ飺ͻħҲжԹ
ĸңһʦѯʹħȴǽһˣʦǰ˵Ժ䣬ҵɳٻص壬λ治ϣأ
ӾɵлĻۣҪѯʹܱ򡭡ȫ޷⡣
ԸǻħˣֹǻǾҲһͬ
ţһǴˣٺ٣Ӿǻˣûأڣһˣ
ǿ׳ļһҲӾһģӾ֪Ǿ۸ġ
㿴Ӿһ״ƺֻҪǸ˶ɳ
Ӿ䳡㣬ϽĪҪҾõȣȥĻƨ꣡
ߣ˾͸ɱ
ħһ
Ӿ㣬æ⣬ߵͷȥɣ
ÿɶһ¶䳡䳡з·Ʈ죬ʵаƬ䳡УܹܵŲѾִ硣
ȻһΪǿĵط
䳡Уÿ˶ڵţЩϥؾԪЩԭʽߺ߹ٵĽţպŨ
ƺûпʲôԴд֮ˡ
Ӿ䳡ţɢƣϴЦݣӾ㻹Ȼʱĸɵİѣôܻأ
ҡҡͷ϶ħӾѡ
ΣҪѵӾ˭ܹô
Ӿһڴĵص㣬ôʩչһģ¿ӡ
ǡ
Ӿ֪˵ʲô
ѣ
ͷ
أͷ֮ϣȵѿŵЦͱˣ漴ֿЦǿС˵ӾѣӾȻѣǸЦأ
䳡֮ͽҲȻǶǿֵģһˣע⵽һžͺӾ˵ħˣЩᣬȻҲͬӾ˵ǰȴǲ˵
Сӣ֪ζʲôô
Ĭ
ζţҲҪһ𰤴򣬶𣿡
Ц
ЩͽҲźȵɵļһƬ䳡ҲҪȥ
ħɢǿҺڹ⣬⣬Щ˸ܵħϵһ
ǿ֮Ҳλ磬ͬȼħȻҪǿ
ʵһӾܸܵģ˶ŵ΢΢һħ˵⺢ͯôǿѵЩɳţ
ħ۾ͨһ仰û˵Ӱһ͡һ˺һѪ쮳
ɲǱ㵹ڵϡ
Ѫء
ң۾ûбϡ
ȻʶħɱˣӾЩ¡
˾͸ӻˣǶû뵽⺢ͯȻɱˣ㵽ĸɵģȻ䳡ɱˣ
Ȼӣʱȴšһӡ
ħɱˣȴǱһסˣӾٺ٣û뵽ҲˣܴҿУ
մӰ㸡ڿС
ǻħûǾͻãҪӾȭˬ죬ȴ˵˽е䳡дȭ
Ҫ䳡ģħûа㷴ɳŹӿٶ䳡УȴǷޱ𾪵顣
һ䳡֮һͽʶӾѣϲ
ڶǿ˲Ųüˡ㣬Ȼصĺͯ
Ƿŭ㣬û뵽ǾȻ嵱УߣѰ·
ʦ֣㾹ȻϵǣСϵˣɱ飡
ɱģ
ħһƬȻԭΪնɱģȴû뵽ȻСһħҲǸܵСһޱȿֲҪͷų
磬ڱǣҿѹˣħҪʦһˣܻôʱҲˣնɱΪ
ħ˵


1510 ı
Ϊ
ħΪɱ˸ܺõɡ
㿴һۻħı飬ǣȻħڿֲ
ħѹѾõɱȫ䳡ܸܵǹɾȻɱħǻǾЩΪĵӣһŻǾ͸鵤ִ֪ͽĽ
Ǵ˿̣ħȴѿĺܣƺϵϢħȫˣһսҪһ
Ϊǣߣ
ħҲɢֻƺҪħɢɱҪϲ٣ЩǾͽȰʦܣʦᣬ㲻֣
ôᣬʦΪ֮ʱִ͸һŵҩҵʵôսܣ
ħ׺ݵĵħ
ʵûжٵףǾ͸һŵҩ٣ʵֻṉ̀Ԫĵҩûаʵã֮˵ҲҪԼ
ʦܼȻ˵ôǾ͵ʦܿĺϢ
Щ˶ͷ
㲻мǴ֪ôİɣ
磬ͽնɱʵδ
ħһڹ⣬ڹ쳣ǿ󣬻ħĵػֱӱɢҲֱӻлħ¡һӦڵ֮ϡ
ɱ
䳡е˼ֱˣû뵽ħսܵѸ١
ж붼Щֻ˭ʦõģȻҲֻһ۸
λʦֵܣңȱ
ħ˵
ҾʦܣոֻˣСôܻأ
ħһƬɫȻҪɱħҪֵʱһâȴǳǰ
ʦ
Ϣɢǿҵɱһ֣ͽ׷˺Ǿŭ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ壬ܺʱܿסҵһҲ֤ŲʵΡұûôõˣ

úЦΪնɱģҪĻҲ޿κΣ
ЦƾҲնɱң
ǾŭЦ
ħҲ˵ʦ㣬СҲǿʵ㲻ɲ
λλһԽĺ蹵ƾǣͲҵĶ֣
ʦ䣡
Щͽ˵
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ô䳡֣
յУ˸˵
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ŶǾ飿
ƽ̷£һƴӵ𿪣ǿ
ˣ
ƽ̿ħϵȻˮʲôħȴһ첻µزʱпܶɱ˵棬֮ʱڵԪԻй֮޲ؼǣֻǸӰ
ƽ̵ĿһֱͣħӲ֮ϣǵ׵ζʲôһ
ƽ̣˿ϸôţֱնɱˣ
ߣ˭նɱ˭˵أ
ħ˵
ţǾҲ֪֮սҪչɵǱѡ޼֮ս˵ĻɻõĹ͵ҩ١
ƽ̻δ˵꣬Ǿ˵ƽ̣ƺ޹ذɣ
Ǳĵأ
ħ˵ԼǵģȴǱˣҲ֪ⴿƽ̺«ﵽʲôҩ
ôܡ
Ǿһš
ߣֻյӣ㲻ô
⣿
ˣö˵ǾĺͽȥɣˣҲϣκˣĻ㲻
ƽ˵
Ǿҧ˵֪ˣ

ƽ̵Ŀĺܼ򵥣ϣħܹѹǾ棬Ҫ֪ɵУǾѾ£̫ͽƺѾ׼ƽ֮λˡ
ħĵð˴ƽһæħڵĿֲϢƽҲܹܵģټͷ֮ϵӲǣ¾ħתһǵѹ»Ǿ棬ɴжΣһð
ңؼħڳɳ׶Σʱٰܸ֪λǶץסħӶɵǴһ
嵱УǽԽ󣬵õĺôҲԽ࣬ҩӦоС
ƽҲֻҪħ˰ˡ
뿪䳡֮ӾħԼڵķ䣬䵱ԭסˣħɱ˸ӣ˿ħЩ˵Ӿסɣǳȥסˣ
ӾħҡҡͷҲסһŴ͹ˣǲú£ǲ˺ǣ
˷ŵͷ
ħⷿ䵱УӾҪŵ㣬˵磬ϿΣգֻɵΪȫҪСģ
Ӿʱ䳡֮˵˾ѣķƺδйĴڸУƺҵˡ
ͷӾڵɣܹһСɷ壬ЩɷһŰʮһƺÿһ涼иǿ֮
ԣЩɷȻ±롣
һһɷ塣
ɷ֮ڶɽʯЩɽʯӲвɽʯ涼űйĺۼ
ȻЩɽʯЩʵɹĵߡ
㷽˵ʲôħȻɵУôܣʱħ֮زµǿӵȷп֣ܳƺҪɳľ磬Щ˰ɣ
ûκ
û뵽ɷ֮ϣƽ̾Ȼںһλ˵
Ȼ㲻ϢϿ˶޷Ĵڵġ
ʹλűȴƽǿܶ
Ӧþλ˰ɣȰɭҪǿ٣
㰵˵
Ȼ㲢ûаѰɭУʵϣɭȴűȻǾʹƽ̶ҪǿʵⲻԶֱȰɭҪǿ١
ʵʹ׵Ǽѻɱġ
ţħȻ嵱У̤ЬٴҪ֪ŵУһֱ岻ͣԴħս֮ħʧ֮ηɴҲǹûȵιۣǻıȻѣħȻУҲûʲôˣסħǰȥǼϼһħ֮£
˵οǴһұˣɴ֮󣬶ʹ㣡
лʦұؽʦ̻壡
ƽ˵
ЦݣȻǴһҪõɽȻ٣ħ壬ĪһʲƸ
ֻȴû뵽ԶһѾ̸ӰʧӰ


1511 Ҫ
͵ƽ̺λ̵̸ҲǾþòƽⴿƽ̹ȻûʲôģȻ֪ħݣǵˣħݸԼʦ𣬵ʱĸ߲ȫ֪ħ飬֪˶Ը
λ̵˵ˣɴ֮ǰҪƽ̺úñħ⵹ǻһʱȥıһС
뿪ƽڵɷ壬ִһʨɷ壬ɷ֮Ͽһˣǡȴǿð׹ǣЩ׹ܹóһЩ֮ϵǿߡ
ɷģ
㲻Щ죬ǰһŲ֮ϾȻм֡˷λ֣λͽҪڴ
˹죡
㵹һЦԽǹĵطԽȤһ·ǰнûзʲô㸡ڰ֮
ɷ֮ϵԣת벻Чˡ
ɷΧɷ嵱ģ嶥мѨѨ֮дһ
Ȼüͷһ壬һӶѨ֮е
һŶ㿪
ǿĺ´˻ûʹȫĻĿǰʵҪˣ
ҡҡͷ
뵽Щ׹ǵжһĨǶǱ⺮ɱ
룬ר־Ҫصʱһºܶǿ߶ɥ
Ȼʶǿ˾ˡ
ͣ
һӶѨ֮е
Ȼ㿪
ʱ죬ͳɣ㵹Щһܹ֮ʱᱻһɱˣ
¶Ŀɣڰʲô£
Ŀ˰ɣŻ㣬Ѿ̫ûгȥأ
ұȥ
ȵ
飡
Ѩȴһ㼫ΪǿĽ磬ĿǰʵҲ޷ƿ硣
ˣҲ޷ƿҲµĽ磡
˵
ûٰ׷ɷ֮ᶴѨ֮еˡ
ϵϢǹ죬ģ
˵ȻоڵǱǿ󣡡
㵹һֱ
ܾû츳ôõˣСӣҪҪҽʵ
ûᡣ
Ȼң
һӶѨ֮лһֱӽס
޷Щ
ڱǵУǿʩչӡȴû뵽ᱻⶴѨ֮˳׷ס塣
ɱ˱ۣ
ȵ
֪Ų֮Ҳûɱ㣬ɱʲôأ棡
ҵʱɲ࣬û棡
ͼıǳܷ˶סˡ
ڵһûиף֣Ѿܶûôֵˣ
ž
˲ЩҲ뿪壬ȻǶѨе˰⿪
㲢ûŽ붴Ѩ˱ֱӶӡ
ȻѨеʵǿ󣬸ͲǴʱܹܵ˵ģӾСӹȻû˵֮ϵǴΣɲ
ųȥãѾ˴ƽ̵ʦһλλǿߣԼǲڶѨеǿߣǿߣȴƽ̵ʦҪٱ
š
徹Ȼ˿ֲĵط
ǿԽ࣬ȴԽ˷ܣϾʵָٶҲܼӿ졣
һ죬㶼ɷ֮λѨǿ߻ʱʱĵɧ㣬ЩҲһαһθǿ
λǿڱŷԼ
˶ûнҴһε֮λǿ˵⼸ʵͻͽ츳ǿǿѾλıԵˣټӰѾ¾ܳˣ
ͷûаͲҪʲô˵Ҳϵɴ֮Ҷɷˣ
ʵɴжҲڻ£ôܲɷ
Ǻǣ¸ǿҪҵɣ
֪ˣСӣףˣ

صסĵطħʯ֮ڵѾʮˣŻȻԵÿɰ֣磬ֲĸܣ죬ƺǲƽһ죡
յУܲҲһѹֵĸо
ħԴ㲻첻µزµô
֪
ħȴҡҡͷ

磬֮УһӰһط
ɴĵص㣬ħ֮ϡ
嶥Ѿм˴ƮȻ䣬Щ˶Ǹɵеĸ֡
嵱Уһʮɣÿɶһƽ̣ЩƽҲһִ嶥
ƽҲУɫȥΪƺǿġ
Щɳ˰бħȻǻǾҲʶʱ񣬸ûȥɧħ
㣬ƽ̵ںʹûйĹ
ƽڷ嶥ҵħӰӰ˸ȥ㣬ǶЩɵĿɺã
аɣ
㵹û̺˺Ƥ
ħĬ
ǾŻħԼͽҲǴӲԶǿˣһӵĻ
Ǿ˵ƽ̣ɸƣӥƽļӶҪͻλˣ¾ʱͽܣҲòʲôõˣ
ҲˬģҪ֪Դħ㱻ƽ֮Ϊͽ֮ĸ߲ԱȻҪȥħ鷳
ҲЩǾûɵгֹԭＵⴿƽˡ
βҪڲ룡
ƽЦ
ħֻĸ߲ԱĹͣòɴҲûʲô٣ܹѹŻǾһ
㹻ˡ
̬ãɴƺһֱͺûϵ̬Ҳûð
һʮЦ
Ǻӥƽ̣ʹƽ̲ͣǺͻǾĹϵرҪá
νĵ˵ĵ˾ѵĵˡ
㣡
ı档
Щƽһ˭ܹȡǰĺóɼʱħܿŷ羰ħ嶥ֻС
ݣݣݣ
˸ЩӰ̷һλƽ̹˵ԭǶŵѣ룡
λ˵Ļɴ˶ŵˣȻ⼸һΪҲǸǿĺܣλľ磬ȥҲǸӡ
ƽ̲ҵҲֻǱѧϰ̬ģ
ƽЩƽ֮ףѶŵʯţѺò
磬ҸоΧżǿĸڹۿţ֪Ǻ̬
ħ˵Щš
һ㣬ͷˣΧżλǿߣǵĿ겻ˣħȻɴ⣬˭˭˭ʲôΣħ㵱ȻɴжȻһ籩ħ嵱о𣬾Ϳ¹˭ˡ
ħڣòŵģ


1512 㵽
ŵļλǿƽҲɴĿʼ
غܼ򵥣ʮµĵץΣԾֱǿѡ֡
ħ嶥Ͽȥ˵ͦģʵϲҲֻһλˡ
ƽ̵֮£Ҳֻ㣬ħлħԼһӱǾԻħ⼸Ǹ˲ٵҩҲʹûħһֱ״̬֮¡
ħмĿһħƺһ־ͳ鵽˵еκһˡ
ԸΥ
ħһֵĶֶǻħ
䳡Ծ죬˭Ȩü
ƽ˵
һֵĶ֣ǲ̫ǿûѶ󾢱ˣħֱ˶ԷĲӣԭǶԷһֱǿֻһСͷֱǴħۡ
һֵУҲֹħһɱˣ˶ڶԷ֮¡
ħǲ̵ĻɱһŮɫΪҲ⵽˵
ߣնɱһλˣǼƨ
ħ

˶Ӧ
ħҲ֮Աǣǵڶ֣鵽ңˣ
ߣԸˣ㣬֮ʼҪи˶ϣ
ħҲϴʹǻذ㽫նɱĳһΣǾ͸ҩΪɴսһѩǰܡ
ڶֳǩĶֹȻǻħ
磬ǿϧûг鵽ĻҪ֮أ
ħ˵
㣬ҶҪնɱ㣡
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ɲ׶ԸСӱУ
Ǿȵ
ʦİɣ鵤ͷնɱ㣬֮ˣߣ
ħ˵
֮䣿
ڻħķԷֻǾúЦڵΪѾҪִڰ統еλǼоҪնɱλڻ£ħȻͣλʵһжԳܡ
ħǲЩɷ֮ϻָ٣ĻҲȻ˵ִ󻰡
ӥƽ˵λĸͽǲ
ߣ
ƽ̲û˵ʵϣҲûȥע㣬ֻÿ춼ȥɷˣҪ֪ɴϵͷϷͲ⣬ħ
Ϊܵ飬ЩƽȻ
ʼ
ƽ̺ȵ
ͻħһ䳡Уڶ֮󣬱һĽˣڵһλԣҲĿĽ֮ս
㣬ûзֱкβͬ
Ȼô
㵭˵

˶Цš
ħβסϵΣģһѵûпǬѾƳɹô
Σ
Ǭ֮أ
ħǬΧųâƽ̶΢΢һǾǴֱʣȻǬΣˣ
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˶ҪǬսȥ
ȴǾȵķ֣Ǭϣȴǻһ㣬ƺûκθо
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ϴŵЦƺһͷħʩչǬЦ
㾹Ȼܹվס
϶һƬȡ
Ҫ֪ЩѡֵУҲмӽλľ磬УܾܿͱǬס
Ȼ˿̵ı֣ǴΪȡ
ȵĵȻֹЩͽǣʮλƽҲһŴͣӥоϱһİƣȫû뵽ĵӣȻؼǣ϶ȻһŵģװƵ˼¡
ⲻܣ
ħͻǾǰһĻ
ħ˫ȻһţǬڿиת޴âҫµǬȻˣҪ渽ӵһ㣬ӴһǬ˹ȥ
һӦλʵɣǷҪˣ
Щƽ̶˵
һ̣۾ӲûаֶһĳһֱӴܵǰǱĳ֣Ҳʹڳ˶Ȳѡ
Ѫ񵶣
ƽǶһӥƽ̻˵Ѫ񵶵еĵѳţûе꣬һ
⾪ˣ˶ܸܵѪ񵶵ɲֵǹɱ
һǬҪǰʱѪȻһն˹ȥ
һǣ
ǣ
˶һ
޴䳡ĵ֮ϣɳʯȵȥҪ䳡еĽ֮ʱֻһĶ
ǬȻһΪ
׼ȷ˵ǬѪ񵶿롣
뿪ϵǬֻħȫסվԭأ겻һ㣬𺳵һʲôʵ֮Ĳࡣ
㣬Ȼ벽ûжֶûлһ£ϴһ˿Цݣħ㾿ʲôȫɣ
ǬѾǻǾħõķ
Ҳǻħǿķ
Ѫ񵶿ˣû뵽㻹Ҫûħó
òˣ
һĳŵЩµĻħȥ
飡飡
ħػȴȻֺ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫
ħ˵
ͺôߣ㲻նɱҵô
䣡
ħ˵
ƽħ䣬ԭ
ȴû뵽ȴǴ˵䣿ŮʱΪλҪִ¶֣ȻȲعأҲֲˣ
ǰ䣬ʦǰ䣬ֱӺɱˣ˵ʲôҲ䣡

ĵӶŭ
ħŵѣʦ𣬿ңҪƻأ
һӰҲ̳ڻħԣǻǾüͷһ壺㣬ͽ˱ˣͱˣΪΣҪ֪ɴУǿѡģȻͽѾˣô֣Ļֱ㲻
Ǿϵȫ䳡УЩɵĵӶľǾҪԸˡ
Ҳ
ЦҪֹħûˣҪɱˣû˿ԱסģߣҲ䳡кһս㵽ף

ħ嶥Ƕû뵽㾹ȻҪ䳡Խսɵеʦ
Ҫ֪Ǿλ壬Ҳǿ߶֡
ʮλƽ̶Ƕû뵽㾹Ȼӥƽ˵棬һĵӼֱ̫ˣλսˣǻǾǼҲã
˵⻰ʱ򣬺ݺݵŴƽ̡
ƽҲż㼸棬ϵʦͽʵûаëǮ壬䳡зκ飬ûκιϵ
ΪչֳʵȴôƽҪһѣϾɵУԼҲҪ
ĻǾΡ
Сӣ˵ģҪͱ䳡սģɲһǾģǵʱսܣĪҪԴС
Ǿȵ
ЦԭĿľնɱʦͽˣսܵ⣬ǵĵԼɣ
ߣÿСӣ
Ǿ˵ΪԼ˵Ļۡ
ƽ̿˾Ҫ֣Ҳûֹ˼
Ͼ˫ǶͬսĻǳ谭ϡ
ʦҵСɱʬ
ħ˵
ǾվԱߣϲŻָһЩ
Ҫ֪һĳƽʱŵð
Ҫʬ
һҲûвٿѪ񵶣һǵâն˹ȥâףնħǾʩչֵ
ǿҲǰһǵâɵˡ
Ǿû뵽նĵâȻȫֵЩԲ
Ҫ֪ǰЩҲŸողλľ磬ôŶ̶Щʱգͱǿˡ
ϻ㲻ҪСӶܲ˰ɣҪĻҺӥƲˣ
ӥƽ˵
Ǿ粻ĵоۼһŰƴĻ֮Ż֮֮ʱЩƽҲ΢΢ȣǻǾ𣬱֮ػǿҲǵùǾѾѹ׵ıóˣ
ǻǾıǻǾüֻħĻǴ֮һĵػǿʮǾ֮ԼҲϣ쵶ն飬һɱ㡣
ŷΪʦ
ߺߣ֪ôģ
ǾеǿСԽԽ䳡֮еĻԪƺǿСոɾϵǿһ˿η壬Ҳ֣һǿ֮л
ֲҲû뵽ξȻЩɫâƺҪѻǾеߡ
Ǿɣ
ǾЦһ
𵽵жֲĺܣҪյǾǲܵ飬㻹Ȼ⵽ķɣ
˶ܿǾеС򣬾Ȼڰ֮УСƺҪɱ㣬ھһ״ȴٲǰֺǾȵôܣ𣬾Ȼܹס
ߣԺ𽫲㣡
ߵ
˵ʲô
ǾкȻܿǿСȻֱӱɽ嵱УȻת˲֮ʧ
Ҫ֪ǿСǻǾıԭҪǿɱһɱ㣬䳡УΪͽعġ
ȴû뵽ڱȻɵˡ
ɥʧ˱ͨʧȥһ㣬ǾѪ㣬𣬵ȥˣ
Ȼܹɵʩչ
֮УȻǡ
˶һ
ǻǾҲѾĴԳһɫС沢ȫǾ𣬶ںڵķ׭ֻ͡
ǾѰô
ָĵеǿɫ˵
㣬㾹ȻҵıҪƴ
Ǿȵ

еɫ˳ȥ˵ĿⶼڻǾϣֻǾɫк󣬺¡һȥ䳡ҳһ˶Ŀ
ħߵǴϣĻǾѵ˳ŵøϽ˵ϣ㣬㲻ҪɱҰ۲ʶ̩ɽŭ㣬
ǾŻħ̬ҲϹۣȻͽܣ֪һлɱ㣡
ǾңҲǿҵǱҪ£ٵᴿʦƽ֮λˣ˵Լΰһ
ħ˵
˾Ȼ䳡г
ݣ
һâȺ˸ȥͣڻǾԣǺӥƽ̣üͷ΢壺ϻû뵽λǵȥˣȻͽܻܳУУҲ
ָ˵ȥҪһƻħǣƵʱȴǷֻħѾɱ
ɱġ
ɱˣûܱס
ʮ֣ȴͬһڻǾУﶼŲٺڣһʼ㲻ȻħôͲᷢ飬Ȼܹ嵱ȥҲᱻɡ
ǡһжزȥˣ£ֻнɱ֮ܽǰһе
һӰʱȫ䳡УЩһɵƽ̡
ӥƽɢһǿƣʵҪȻǾǿһЩԴ˿̵֮ʱȻҲ΢΢Щ顣
ӥԭ뷨䳡аɵģڣĸܵɢŵǹӴƵʱȴǵˡ
ڵĺӥƽֻܰѻǾ߾Ѿ㹻ˡ
ӥɱ
Ǿ˵
شֻڴӥƽ̰ͷ
ӥƽ̸ҪƴǣһӰȴֵ䳡УǶɵеƽ̣ƽ̡
Щƽ̼Χм䣬ȻǵħѾˣǾˣ
ʲô㻹Ҫɱˣ
ӥƽ˵
ǾҲɫһ䣺λʦ֣ţǲնɱĻ鴫˳ȥڣ
Ҫ֪䳡¿ǻŶŵļλǿŵġ
ƽ˵µӣ֮£ϣܺúȰ
ƽ̵ͷ㣬ͻħ֮ĶԹҲ֪һǣǾ˵ĳ䳡֮аѾѿˣٻɱĻĻаؿԣ
ƽⷬ˵ˮƽߣƽ֮׾ĻԸ㲻ҪֺݺݵĴ˻Ǿһ񫣬⻹ôɴУһξԼĻôз
ȴûиӡ
˵Ҫɱˣ˭Ҳ޷ס
һƣȻֱӽΧʮλƽ֮Զ


1513 ֮ŭ
񣬵ϵשʯһשʯɵһΧӴĻʹüλܵ˺
˶䳡ܹ˾˵ƣҪ֪𿪵Щƽ̣һ˲λϵǿߡ
ƽԭϣ˵ȴû뵽Ҳϣĵһ˿ŭ˵㣬㲻ΪʦҲҪնɱɣ
Ϊʦߣ˰ɣҲҪñ۰ˣбΪҲ֪ǽı
˵
ı
ƽ̣⻰Ǻ⣿
ҲҴﵱ˵ɣԺ޹أ
ƽȻ˵ȴڷôƺ֪ܶһò֪ļƻɡ
ãȻ㶼˵ˣôǱһΪŻɣ
ƽ˵
һ˵ӥƽ˵ϻҵ飬һΪֻع
ʮλƽ̶ŭ㣬ȻѾ֮ˣǱҪɱˡ
ߺߣʮλλЩ˼
Цһ
ЩƽǶ㷢˷裬ѵôΪλΧûа㺦£㣬ѵŸǿʵɣ
ֹǣǼλŵǿҲʯվȫû뵽ɴٲȻһϷ
Ӿʡ
ЩѾͨ˵һֵĲѡҲƵúܣôƽΧͽˣ
䳡֮ҲǶĿ۽ϣȻ̫ţܹһ֮Կôλǿߡ
˭ֹնɱǾ˭͵
ȵѪ񵶹âɣɵǻǾҲʹڵִλ
λҵ֡
ʹΧʮλΧüͷҲһ£ԭܼ򵥣㲻м
˭㣬Ҫɱ˭ұ㲻ţ
ӥƽ˫ֻûɫù𣬳ȥȭȻһ죬¡һֱƿԷһȭǺӥؿڣӥɳʮ֮Զ
һԵĻǾ㶵Ŀźӥɵĳ
Ҫ֪ӥʵ֮ǾҪǿ㡭ƺֱȸոǿ˼֡
ӥʦ֣
һƽ˵㣬֮ͽȻƽҲҴǲ֪
֪ǣҹȫɱ
ȵ
˸˵꣬Ǳ˫һڰ֮УȭݺݻȭѪء
ƽ֮׾˵λʦֵܣһɱСӣñ˿Ц
ǼλŵǿѾ⵱ЦˣҪ֪һλɵĵӣȻҪôƽ̵ɳ𾪵ĲС
ԭΪֻ߹˼˼ģȴû뵽˾ʵһϷ
Щƽ볯֣֮Уײɽʯ飬ѣλ֮Ⱥս
Ȼֻһˡ
䳡ѾɳʮǧǶҽۿⳡ֮ս
䣡
Ͻʯħ嶥ļ޴ɽʯըѿЩλֻܿУһһķӰ֮ϣѾǳ
飡
һӰ֮׹䣬Ǻݺݵڵ֮ϣҳһ޴
ˣ
ޱ׹֮
ţӰҲǴӰ֮з£ǰʮųһ͵ĴЩ֮һˡ
ǷŻȫϣλƽϵĻǾǾ˿Щƽ֮ս
ȴ
ǿԵſÿһһʽ⼸ۣ
ʮλƽһ㣬ڿеһӲס
ֻλǿ߲ܺԿ
Ǿ
Щ֮еƽҲǻͷǿȥǱЩӰĶˣǿһĻ϶Ƕ
ʮľ룬һ͵ˣԽߵĻǾȵ˭Ҫֹҵģ
ټ䳡Ȼûа췢
ǾɳȻŵ˫һֱӹп־壬ÿʱ򣬶㺦¡
㡣
û˸ҾȻǾЩƽǶ֪֣Ҫ֪żսʱǶܸܵ㻹ûȫʵ治֪˱ȫʵĿֲ
üͷ΢΢һ壬ƺʲôħѾץô
㷽ȫעЩƽ̼սʶ뿪ħƬ̣ȴû뵽ħϢѾʧˣȻǱץˡ
ƽ̱Ҳûע⵽ħ˵һˣҵʦѾħץˣߺߣҪʲôҲǺ
⵹ʵ
ƽ̵ȷûеִܹ֪̽ڲܵĵȼʹħֵġ
ħ
Щƽȫ𾪡
ȻϢҲǸողŵ֪ġ

һѪȻǾһֱӰͷ­նˡ
ȫŭһһĵâЩոƽٴθشһΡ
ˣˣ
ƽ̶̽ͷһ
âԶֳâͣ͵ʱ򣬼ӰҲǳ䳡֮С
⼸˵Уһ㾹ȻҲʶ֮ɭ
ɭ㣬ҲԴһ˿ȣû뵽СӾȻĸҶ֮ϣȵȣһĿֲòɣ
⼸˶Ǵӱȹģɭã忴ûжģˣҪ鷳ϾͱͲͣɴûȵˣñڶ
⼸˷ʱ򣬱Ǹоһɾ޴ĵâʱΪĸأȴû뵽䳡֮ϣֻһˡ
Ȼ׼ȷ˵ЩУһЩˡ
⼸˵Ȼʶϵƽ̵ģû뵽ЩǱشͷаƽ̵ԡ
ǱҪ䳰ȷʲôģʱﻹҪ䳰ȷǿеƽǶҪҸضȥˡ
̫ˣһǶ˶ŵУ
ߣҲˣҲʡȥ㣡
˫ͨ죬еѪɻǾڵһξѪϱɱˣǰɭԶܵĵ
ɭﰵԣЩƽ̶Ǳһ˸ɵģǼǿĵâҲѪʩչġ
ǿ󵽻ʮλƽ̵֣ǿʮλʵ
СӣЩ쵽ʲô
ôʵֿʼģ
¾ħٶҲûСġ
ÿСӣɭҪҵ˱
ɭͬеļʵ
ɭҡҡͷҪҵħ㣬Ӧúɣ
ʱɲ˱ŭ㷢ͻҪħġ
ڵǺˣðɣҲѰħ䣡
㵹ǲԸֻɱɭŷȵ̣۸Ϣʱ䣬㻹ħұϵȫɱ⣡


1514 Դ
Լʵ֮ɭѾȫˣûҪ϶˷Ѱʱ䡣
°ħ̲ĵˡ
ϾǸ߹ħᱣģ
ˣȻҪسŵοǶһС
Ϣʱ䣿СӾȻˣҪв̣Ҫ֪λ
̫̫Եˣôƽ̾ˣξȻҪ̳

ƽ̴ӿ˳ϱ㷽ǼױȰĵâˣ㣬̿λֻ־㣬ʲô⣿
ѾϢʱ䣡
ȵ̣ٲĻ壬ҪΪҽˣ
Щƽ̰ڶŵð㲻ľ˾飬ɣ
ǣźͱȵҲȲѣȻ鶼ûаϵǴ˿̣ж¶顣
ͣ
һŻӴ󣬴ҫ۹âֱӻΣ䳡֮С
˱˫֣¶âȥܲ򵥡
̣
Щƽ̶ľݣȻҪץˡ
ƽ̵ҵӣæ˵ʦСӡ
û˵̱꣬ǰ˰֣Ѿ֪ҲʵСҲ˵ô򵥣
̵˼ǺΣ
Щƽ̶ףʲô㲻򵥰ﲻˣ
ǰСӺħѶϢһͬҵĻЩƽ֮£㲻ˣ
˵
ƽһίȻʱһȥעħˣȥ̽ϸ
̲ûȥ𱸴ƽ̣߷ϣСӵıԾڵںڰ統еκһ֡
ˣ±ħҪֲ
㣬ħȷסˣħ嶥Ϊ㾹вϢʱ佻ħߺߣ浱Լʵܹ첻ɣ
̵һ˦ϣһֳȻơ
ƣ㶼ЩĽȸС
ͷȻҲħۣѾ׼ˣ
ȵ
㣬㡭
֮һ̳ʱ֪ħɲˣϾ̿λûаʵ̶Կȴû뵽֮ǰһֱ㣬Ȼǰֺ
찡
ͬԶŻˣΪβô
Ҫ֪ɭһֱҪ׷ϾǿߵĽŲɾһȴû뵽Ҳˡ
кܴ
ǼλȵͬǸѾ˽Ŀˣô
ߣСձ㿴
̺ȵ
Ųһ𣬵ϵĿеƽǾȻֱ֮ϣһƻЩƽ̶͵ȫشȥˡ
ɭԼǼλ֮Ҳ֪ȤĸϽɵȥ˭Ӱ̵ս
䳡УҲֻʣˣ˵ȶ㵽Ϊȫĵصȥˡ
ͬʱգ̽ŷһ㣬ٶȿ磬к߳һһ֮ͷŶЩһ׹䣬ȥѤ
ͬʱҲǼоҫ֮£ʵ
Щ֮ʱҲͷų
䣡
䳡ĵ֮ϣɻ׻٣ûһƽ̹ĵطħ嶥ϵľʯҲը飬ըһЩĲԶĿ֮˲ͱɽʯ
ڵÿ嶼żǿĽû뵽㾹Ȼս˼ҾȻƺҪٵħһ㣡
ʦûгаˣĻˣֿôã


㴭ڴλȻǲͬʵֹλǿʮʩչ𶼼Ե
ǱоҪͷˣ
ǿֵס̵ļ򹥻ڵȴľ޴ֵȥȻǰ취
Ͼ֮ϣȻλ쵶ն飡
㣬ò˵㻹Щһܹͱ˵زˣ
̿ȥû̫ɷҪɱ㣬Ҳֵֻֻˣ㿴Ļħɣ
ħʦҪʹˣˣ
ƽ˵
Щ˶ڴ̵Ļħ
֮ɭҲ˵һǳϣоȻܹλƽ֣Сˣ˵̵Ļħܹͬ죬Ҳֻڴ˵ˣ

ߵУѾðɫ棬Щȼ̵һʹ˶һźڻ
ںڻУļ̵ʩչħҲ˵̶Ѿ㹻ӣҪɱ㡣
뷨һµģҲҪɱ̡
ûа㺦̵ĻħֵгһĨɫ棬ǻǾûĻȻܹɫںıģöɫ棬㵱Ȼ֪޷ǻħԿ
Ҳͬʱһɫף˫ںϣɫ׺ɫںһ飬γһΪĻ棬濴ȥޱޣĳ֣ҲʹпֵˣͶࡣ
ʲôԴ𣿡

Ҳᵽһ˿־壬λôǿҲʤλѪħҲȻʩչ
䣡
һɫϮ˿̣ҲȻһѾõĹҲʩչȥ
飡
Ź㣬񣬾Ȼ̾㵵УЩĹֱһײ̵Ķϡ
ײħķ嶥֮ľʯһħ嶥ǿֱˡ
ֲ˹
ǿħ壬ױݻˡ
ЩֵˣȫУħ˲䱻ݻ٣ǳĿ࣬Ҳ֪ʲôˡ
ţħ徹Ȼˣ㣬ģ
Щµж
ɭȫ֮״Ϊʲôִ䳡ԸһۣԭЩѾӵǿ
ȿֲʵٶȣ֮ħй֮޲
ΪҪǣƺÿʱÿ̶ڴ£׺ǻǾıȻΪһ壬ȱըǰ޴
ⱲӶ޷սʤˣ
ɭʵȴҲǲܲܵģĿǰȷʤ̫̫ࡣ
꣡
㸡ڿУŽµħ屻׻ٵҲû뵽׺ɫΪһ徹Ȼǿ󣬾ȻܹݻŽ绤ħ塣
̴ʯм˳ϵĻħѾʧΣﶼˣûǧǸԭ˵ģгʹޣȻҧʵ㣬ʩչǵ𵽵ʲô


1515 嶥
̲òϵһʵˣǣܵĲףʩչǵ̳Ϊǿһǵʲô
йսˣ֪
ʲôθɣȻˣҲøȡ֣ţͽڤĻɣ
ȵ
Ȼոտ𡭡
һ㵹ȥ
ƽԶʦˣҲǲ̿ȥڵĺܣǵСӵϵͱ̶ɱҡ֮ˣﻹᷢô顣
̣һ䣬ǰħ°ȥˣ
㣬ħڱİλλб¾汾ȥ壡
ȻԪˣȻһһȥ
ӣ
Ҳ׷ȥ
壬ǿǿİλλĵطȥҲǰȥֻͽһп
˭֪һأҪ֪ڴ֮ǰ˭֪ܻôƽ̶̣ˣʵ

УħϣҲȥħΨһܹǿĻᣡ
ɭǸŲµӶ塣

壬ǵڡ
λλվڰ˸䣬ڵһʮ꣬괽ݰף˵ĿɰǴ˿̣ȴһţ˫ͨ죬ȴ޿κΣĴ˵ͬʱס
ħǱ޴Ǵ˿̾ͰɣȻܴﵽЧħħǱȫȻһ뽫գʱǱܻħˣ
ħħС޷ѣ
һɫϣеǿˣͷϸճĺˮҲǱ˹ǿ˲ɾ
Ҳʱ仯ʮģգ۾ͱһ˵ģ
ģܹˣǲǰꡣ
壬˸ͷȻħУߣʧܣ壡
˺ȵ
ħѾָˣߺߣ벻ɣ׷ħսǣھȻͿҪɵˣ
ȺҪȱħ
λʦֵܣħǱͿҪڴڼ䣬ǲܵκδţĻħҪ⵽ƻ룡
õģѾһˣʧģ

ݣ
һڽǵϷ̣ĿǱ٣λʦ֣ܣСܣ嶥
̻䣬һǿϮһԣǿֵĹӰ㣬˫֮ƾճһɫѪ񵶣ѿ񵶱˫ţޱȡ
ֻ˫־ٵȻǽǵһӣ
䣡
ǵ渽ŵĽ磬Ȼ
ô£ѵǼһİˣ
λλ¶ȣ˾Ȼܹ𶯽ǵϸŵĽ磬֪ʵ
磡
ħȻԭ䣬Ҳδ㣬㣬ͱ֮ɭץסɵˣĶ飬û
콫ħĻ۱㽫ǵ׻𣡡
װڣ˵λλǿԵţǾ޿ܵġ
һλλȻؿһʹ³ѪλʦֵܣħһѾСӸƻˣҹȥնɱСӣڴ˼ħ󣡡

㣬Ҫ񣬱İλʦֶǿǸħħս߱ɱħʵ¾һλԸ㣬һֻһ㣡
̺ȵ
һֻô
սѪ񵶣һȻ£̵˲䱻Ѫ룬λѪѪ񵶷ա
Ѫƺҫˡ
㵱ʱʳħ䣬Ļͽɵˣﻹܴڡ
񣡡
ЩԶŵǶ־ţ֮ɭȻ𺳣СӾȻ߱ɱһλλ
ͣ
һӵڴ漴һӰӵڷ˳ӰڿУһλߣŭ𣺡Сӣ㣬㾹Ȼɱ̣ߣǲ֪
ֻһ䣬ħǽǲ
ȵ
ħħУ˶ãᱻΪҽߣΣ
λߺȵ
ȥᣡ
һѪȻλ߻ȥλ嵱аλǿ֮һĿ̣ʵǿ̻֮Ҫǿϲ١
ϾλУҲǿ֮֡
Ҳֻǽλʮˣλ̿ǽټǧꡣ
ħսʱ׷ħʵȷʵǿ̫ࡣ
䣡
һֱƿһǵʹ㶼üͷ΢壺֮΢ҲͬԣСӣ˵ˣһɱ㣡
ϻ˵
㷽Ẓ̇ڵĲ٣ں̶ԵУֻӲͷƤˡ
ΪħļһɵĻ³¸ҡ
ƴ
Ψһƴϣ
ҧ統УûսǿĴڣһΣɥʧģһΣҲ⣡
䣡
ӳâҫ֮£嶼ھ𶯣ʯ
ǿ̵ֿЩâȴɵĺܣûзѶֻһֱӻؿڣײһʯ档
ͣ
޴ĳʹѪ
ߣҲ֪Լ³ʲôطôܻѾǾˣվ찡
һЩ˶۵
ǰɭȴڵ̫󣬷Ļ»һս̵ʵ
Ѫӱײķ嶥ϣʹ
ߣ
һ˶ոֱˡ
նɱʦ̣ҲôĵѾҳסˣͬһˣ
̺ȵ
ȿȣ
ȻסĵҲֻеˣȴ޷סġ
ǿʧ㣬ڵҲǹӦ㣬ʱȷһĸо
ȴǳ
ٴ
һΣԼԼεս飬һ˿̵һ
Ļǵͻ졪Ȼɱ㣬ȴܹʵԭΣڰԭΣֲ֪Ҫ೤ʱָΪˡ
Ϊ˴Ϧص磬ΪҶ˼ǣҲ
зųâ
һη̵֮ʱһǿı֮Զɽ嵱лײڿʩչǵǿ֮ϡ
㶼𺳵ĿȻ˱飬Ȼһ
Ҳ۸˵ô
һ죬쳹嶥֮ͬþûص


1516 ʥ֮

һǳƵ֮嶥ЩԶΧȺֽ֪࣬ڹϣȻи˾㡣
ǻﵱе˼ǲм̡
ǿİλʵ˭ĥƤ벻ͨ
µ˭ܹ㺮ֻ֮ʶһˣˣڼǧǰڤ磬ܹ֪ټ
˵
ͬ޴󣬺ޱȣ嶼
ӵĵﵱвϵľۼиҪǰҲûһָֹͣ
Ͼ˭Զ㣬ԾȲ
ȻɽǿߣҲǺĽƺڰ磬ʶǿ߰ɡ
˵ĿǱȵеıʴˣ
ǼλȵеҲǲ˵ΪֻλǧǰԶŻ嵱еľǿһսıʴ˲ŷ
ߣǿϮҲϵİλǿǰȥأʱǶȥˣ
Զɽ嵱еٴδƺһ˪̡֮
㿴ǵǿı˪֮ɹ顯һֱӻʩչֵĿ̣˾ޱǿĿ̾ȻȻһ˽ǵϵĽש֮ϡ
žһʹýǵеλͬʱ˵飬絽׳ʲô״
ӽשϷϸһ㱡ı˪ƺǱǵ˪֮͸һ㡣
벻ȵǿ߱ʴ˾Ȼһֱ嵱Уǿʧˣ
ʣ
ϥ֣΢΢һڱǵУƺ϶ʣǵܺ;ǿһսĿֲ
ǧǰһս֮οǼǧʵֻ¸ǿ
ӷһ˪֮ܿ̾Ͳѿ
ȻǱʴˣ
ǼλȵѣǶûֻҪʴٴγȻǿţܵС
֮ɭͬһܺһսıʳˣǧ֮һб̣ǿҪ֪ɭĿһֱǳԽλǿߣҲʹ¶ģһҪɵħ۸Ĵۡ
䣡
㱻⼫ıըʶԶһɽ徹ȻȫըѿһΪǿ߹ٷ
ȵǣɽ徹ȻЩһֱɷ壬λǿߣܾܿɽȽ統еˡ
ڴˣһֱǸмĺܵģЩ죬Ҳ£ʵҲǴλһΡ
ݣ
һԶմ㻯ΪΣһλߣϡĺӣڽǵ֮ϣɢһ޷׽ӽ
ǿ
Ҳֻǰˡ
ʣ
𺳣վǰһ̣ƺзһ㡣
飬ϵİλǿߣȻҲħĹߺߣѭ򽥽ģһҲֻϿٶȣһˣһ޷󼰵ľǿߣǺʱһȻ֪ذܣҲ޻ڡ
оǲɣ֮ɫƺڻ䵱ǳս֮һȻģڶˣȴŷֵһλǿߣСӣڶ̶̲µʱڣλֱλٶȣ֮ħҪ࣬Ϊ˾һɽ֮г
ʴˣЩĽ̵ģձʴҪ㶨ȻĪҲӣ
Сӣúõľۼɣỹһս
ʴ͸һ촫˳
ͷ
ʣִҪˣ
νǴҸˣͱ޹أ
˵
ϡ
ǼλȵЩ⣬ʴˣѵǲεӰǱô
ôƲ˱ȵĹϵߺߣʣȻܹʤңǰλһԸ㣬ȴһܹ֮
飬Ҫͼʱˣ֪ʩչħ󣡡
ʺȵһ֮ɣ
ֱ̼һƣ̾˸һȥˣֻǵ˪ֱ֮ӻǿĽǵ֮ϡ
䣡
˪֮ǿĵâֵܵסĽ˲ƣǵƾը٣
ש飬Ƭɽ
޴ĳʹ嶥𶯲
Ǳʿ嶼Ҫըѣ
˶űֻذʵ
͸̣λ߶ͷǺˮкȻ֮һѪգӾȻĺҳȥ
ҡҡͷλʦֵܣϮҲΪħڣħҲѣնɱʣ
λâ¶ӰȫϿУǱʶվһҲǿﵽͱʿĵز
ħһҪɹʣû뵽ȻٵôʱŬߺߣǧǰ㲻оǿߣѵΪŲǿ⼵ģδ̫ǿ˵ɣ
һλȵ
ʣߣ漵Ļǽħս֮ȫ˯֮ʱһ˶ˣܵȵ죿
ʺȵħΪʲôĺܣαҪīˮϣ
㣡
˵µİ˵
ߣ걾ǽħսսǿֹǱǰܹ壿
Ӻȵ
˾Ȼħ
һʼ΢΢Щȷû뵽ħȻħֱӴˡ
ļӦȫָˣ´˿̣ҲǲǵԼ˰ɣ
ﵹ˵źʱħ٣ҲĴħ밬ɭ֣֮ž޹
˸϶壬ɱҪưΰˣ
ħ˵ߣЩԭѶ֣Ƿ֮У벻ɵѣȻֻһˣ
ȻħסĿȴǿ㣬û뵽ħԭ仹ܼǵ񣬵Щ룬ۿɲǸģ
ɣ˵ĲҲɣ
磬ˣִܵ嶥η֮Σңǵ꣡
ЩֵĿ㣬㵽ǴðĹΪħͱʶأȻʵҲûдﵽĴڰ
Ҫ֪ЩǿߵУȻ̫в
ɣûϴĻ㣬Ӧһʥߣ
һ仰ʯ쾪
ʹ˶𾪵Ȼݵ֮ɭˣУȻ¶һĽڼʵ
ͬԶŻˣʥ߶֣ȴѹͷں
ǰоǿߣ֮㡣


1517 ս
ճƣʱ˵һ㣬֪ʥһϢʱгǹһ㣬УֻЩˣʥ߶ֵĺ壡
ǧǰǿ߽ڤ磬ѩɽܱ֮ʣһսʷ˶סʥߵǿ
ҲǴһսʼΪڰΪصĹ壬ס˺ڰ統磬ڤ֮ķͷ
ʥ߶֣ҫʵ
㷽ű̻ܣۼ˭ҲС㡣
һʺħͬʱ޵ļһıһ㣿
Ϸںͷ
ЩΧ߶ңǿߺͱ֮սǵ˶δлۿһΣͬʥ߲սȴΧۣ
ʥʥߣѹٶ죡
ħɵͷϾһʥ֮ʵ
˵ʥߣʣħɣ벻嶥ȻۼôλǿߣߣλɵĻ¾ǾǿٴιҲסˣ
ˣӵǱڻȫʵУΪ壬ħħУֵһᣬֻҪܱʣλǿߵֿɵá
ԶİɭҲҧҧۣǴǻҵĻܹ©ʱ˵ħͻᱻգߡ
ݣ
ɭһӰ˸֮УɫȻһ䣬ʱ䣬ʲô֡

飡
δսԶ֮
˭Ҵ壿ô
̺ȵ
ҲüԶգǱˣڤ˹׹ţ˹Լ֮䣬˺֮ɭս
ǷôûпħӰôںҴʲôã
֮ɭȵ
ڤ˹ſԶվŵļλƾȻһ˹ǸŹ˹ڤ׷ٴģǱۼôǿ٣ǶҪǿ١
ǵİɭӦɱǣ˹žΪǿ
ɭĻŷ
Ǻ˹һ۾Ϳɽ嶥ϵ㣬˹׷˹壬ѾкܴһԭΪˣһ˿ĪվзѿǰԶѪж΢΢ЩʹȻѪڻָ
㣡
˹һ˿ǣԶ
㵹˹˵ķλûг벻ǣͬڷ嶥ŵħȴǺȵ˹ôû뵽ǧ󣬱ĺȻȻûк֣
ǵõʱħֺ˵ħһɱ˲˹ѵ֮ʲô
ȻǺ˹ɣǣŮˣȻôȻħսļ䣬ǶȻʧȥҲõ㵱ʱԺʱȻɣ
λһЦ
ħһֻһŮˣǱǺ˹
űȥ
ħҪͼԿħʹˣħȻδֺ
ѵħʲôϵô
˹ȴһãȻȻǶμѾԺˣǷ嶥ŵˣҲ䲻
ǿ㣬ȴһģ㺻һ˼Ȼ

ȻøΪĸˣǡʱϵԽãָԽа
˹Ǽλã⼸Ϣʱ䣬λʦֵҲõ߰˰ˣܱʵĸִ˼֣
˿ֱӱʻˣλΪʩչħʱʱܵˣţǳ⼸Ϣʱ䣬ĵĸԭˡ
ұʼǧһսǻҪ˵ǣǾδ̫ʧˣ
һм
ǹǸԭ˵ģ
˵
ô
㶼𾪣ʹȻЩͬʵʵ磬㲻Ƕ⣬ȴǼΪ
Ϊǿߣ㵹ͱʵ硣
񣬱ʣǱɣɲҪڣ
ұһ޺֮£
һ˪֮ڱʵУӲӣһͷǷ
Ǳʵʥ¡С궼ǱƵľǿʹѪ񵶲һлܱʣ
ǳսǶǵ
ǡ¡ĳ֣ʹǰѪ񵶶΢΢Щڻǳս
Ѫ񵶵ԭʼ꾹Ȼ𶯣Ǵ̼ǿ㣬ҪӳгҲһ
ѪȻͨ˿̵״̬
㣬ǵ֣Щħɲ֪
ϹħĻ˵
ԭʼǳ֣ȻǼ֮⣬ʱ򣬻ǳ뵶Ϊ꣬ܿɢ
һ㣬Ҳ޿κΣϾԭʼ޷ƣʱҪ˵ˣ
߻عգİλǿͱʵսһ
һŻӰλͷųãն·ɻĺ
ЩΧ֮˶Ѿ㵽ϵĸ֮ϣҵִգΪλͱʼսƬա
һڸԭһҲڹעⳡڰһ֮ս
ǰλڵϿղֻ֮ʵġ¡Ȼָһɽ壡
ž
׾Ȼб˪ǣţ˪һֱȥֱֱɽ嶼ɱ飡

㵹ã統кֲ治ֻ΢΢Щ𾪣ǣЩΧ۵ȴǱ֮
ɽ嶼γɱ飡
ˣɽʵľ޴סȫɽ嶼ڵضɽҡɽվǱ
ɽѸͰٶ˵ߵƣڱǰ
ͬʱλһĻ溣ȫűʻȥ
֮ս
˿ĿתӴײǿж֪һ𰸣
ˣ
䣡
ǿձըȷף˵۾ǿĹâʹ
λҲ۾
㶼ֻǿʶ֮̽еս
֮УɽڣʧձһƬ֮ɫλͱʵһಮ٣˭Ҳû˺˭

޴˵ӣȵ嶥֮ϵڶ۾Ѿš¡Ͱλڿмս
һ⣬âڿ裡
գҪ˻һ㣬֮ϵĲ嶼֮еľ޴Ūıƣ
䣡
ʯҽЩҲҪֵסЩɢȥķʯϾЯž޴
ҳһƬ
ҶڲͬϹۿⳡ֮սνʧ꼰㣬ֻǿûܵⳡսĲ
Ƕ嶥ĵ֮Ϸȥ
ֻˣһǱħŵħɣһоηĺܵʥ㡣


1518 ƻָ
գ
ЩԼͬ嶥֮ϣ˼ʮұʯżλ
˹첽ԣڱĿĸԭ˹ҲûҴ㣬ǲԶħɿ˹ɫ˹㻹Ǻǰãۿˣʹ֪йҵļ䣬ԺȫˣҲԹ޻ڣ
˭ܹ뵽ݺڤħɣһ֮ˣò۾
ͬȻ㣬û뵽ɻͲ˹ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ôҪ֪˹ڤԼϵţԼǿСΣ᲻ᱨԼ
ʶ㣿
˹ĿһתɣǿȴЩ䣬Ͼڲ˹䵱Уйˡ
ҲգһҶҪܣ
ħɱ۾΢΢ЩȴǱתƺò˹ʹģħȻɢ⣬ʹתҲҪĪ˺
֮ɭħɣжڷ⣬ﰵħɴ˿̱ħҲǳɵߺߣһǾʱ˶Ҫ⣡

λͱڿмսƻõӰ浱аѤãһâƳգʱǼѷֳʤ
Щڵ֮ҲǿľʾףɷУʣѾһʥս
˵ǽ̿ս
½󶼺ѿս
ʱǿһӰȺдܳԼٶȳħɳȥЩУȻڤ˹ȵɭȻҪħ˹ֹ
ͬʱ˹׹ţ֮䶼˹ȥ
˭ң
ɭٶȷɿ죬һƻǰĲ˹
˹ʵҲλͲ˶֣㻹δֻ֣ħɷȵ磬Ȳ˹
ȻδָǴ˿˫ҲһǿѲ˹˹һȣȴ⵹㻳У
һĻħɿĺᣬ˹ֻҪû¾ͺˣһУҪ
ħ㻹ǵĵԼɣߣ
ɭЦ
˿̣ڤ˹λѾ֮ɭ
һȺǶ£ƾǣҲҵĶ֣
λȷ޷ܰɭȫһƻˡ
⼸λ֮ĴȻ֮ϵЩҲǵı⣬ҪħħȷЩ츳һҲֻħӵΪӶһ졣
һʱ֮䣬壬ţȵеڶﶼҪħɣ
ħлɣƾʲôаɭɣ
Щһѷĳħɳ˹ȥ
뼸λ
ޣɭ¼֮ˣȻҲɱ
ɺȵ
ɭʩչɣû뵽һϮʩչ󷨡
ֹ˹⼸ˣĻħɶѾɵˡ

ֹջңȻҡ
Ϊħɣȫ˻սħߵħʹڼλսĵشҲܵκ˺ֻԼ޷һ£ת嶼Ҫܵʹࡣ
˹ЩսĲԶ֮˹ûаҪħɵ˼ҪչϾڻڻָУ
㣬ЩΪħѾˣǸ
˹㲻ҪżҵͿ츴ԭʱһ֮
µľƣȻҪɣʱڣȴǼѷֳʤܵ˵ɻǺܰȫġ
ҪñǾָλΪ嶥ϵǿҲֻλȼλ統У㲻κһˡ
֮ɭķ裬ӻ֮˳Զ㣬ȻЩƵɱȥ㣡
ڵʵҲλľ磬һʥߣǱޡ

˹ǰΧۼɫâԽԽŨ˷ܣ֪Ӻʱһһǣġ
ȻڵҲһ߻ָλ磬Ȼ֮䣬һâɢ˹Щȣһ̣ȴһץŲ˹˸
˹ͷһԭ֮ɭҪ͵Ϯˣһе棬һʯͷɽ
ߣû뵽㼴ʹˣӦٶҲ㾪ˣڣǻɱ㣬ûôˣ
ɭ˵
Ϊ㵱ʱܻɱôǿЦ
Ц
㵱ʱֻʵʹоҵĶ֣㣬ٶȵȷ죬ҲȷʵԽңڿشҵĶ֣Ȱ㣬Ƕ˵ûɣңһʴһΣ
ѵ֪ϻв֮ô
۾ǱǸһֻϲŮ˵û㣬ʵ᲻Ȥ
㣡ͷڳ޴
ɭʵ֮ǰһֱΪҪ壬ˣ㲢Ҫƻ壬Ϊ룡
ɭĿ˸˵ÿǱƲѣŻڷص֮µģ
㣬㾹Ȼ֪ôࣿ
κ֮ȻΥϵĹ򣬶רŶԸΥ֮ˣÿӦöط
˵ãһΪ֮ϣڵ׶ΣȻҪĳΣа취ȴûа취ģ²ñ˵˰ɣ
ɭͷԶȳ˸ӣһʼʱȫͬʬ⣬ʹ಻ѡ˵ûҵȷھƾĽ׶ΣȻ⵽ɱǲңԶŻѪܹط׷ÿһΣҳܵľ˺ҲǾ޴󣡡
ԶŻ壬˽ͦģ
̽ʵҪ˽ԶŻϢ
ɭȴҡͷԶŻ壬ֻ˲ȥˣˣ㣬˵ô࣬ΪʱָôҲĹƵģ
̫Сˣ۵ѻָˣɭ㷽Ҫɱۣһǣڣֻ
ɱŷ
ɱˣɭɱĺڣǰԸ㣬ʥѵָƶѸô
һɫ˲ʱǰյһһ㣬һɱĽŵ֮ӿǰɭڵġսܵһС


1519 ѩɽ֮
ǶƶǷУǼҵսҲ˲ͣѪ죬Ѿвڵˡ
֮ɭȵǻֽ㣬ĻʵҪնɱǣ
΢΢һƺ˼ŰɭĻ
ߣնɱۣ۾նɱ㣡
ȵ
Ѫţٻӵݰɭ˼Ƭ̣һնڰɭұ֮ϣ
꣡
ɭұ۽ѪöѪա
ɭҪӿûаᣬһ̣һǰĶͷѪģ۾Ȼһȥ
ɱɭ㳯Щȵ˭Ҫħ
Щԭأҷһ˿
ڤ˹Ŵ˿µ㣬ǧ֣Ҳûʱڤб޵㣬Ȼ̶ʱѾǿʵ
ڤʵȻǲҺаģǣûзħڵȴᡣ
磬Ȼɴӣ
ħ˵
Ӱһ˹Ҳ׷˹ȥͬʱͣ£߿Ų˹ǰվţиӣ˭ܿŨŨ塣
׹ţ䣬ǹ
ȵ
׹ź;֮䣬ҲǾһս϶˲ѪԵǣ˲ûܵʲô˺
ʱ̣Ȼ㣬վ
ڤ˹˵㣬Ϊβң
ߣ
һ磬˫ȻһӴƴȻһը죬ЩȻȫɣ
Щλˤȥˣж𺳲ѣ㵽ӵжǿʵһ˾ȻܹԸ
ڤ˹ɳȥһŽ䵽嶥ҿ̫նɱ

˿̣յУȻλԼʵټȻȻתս
ħڰɭˣֻһ֪ħսз飬ҵϵ˭µĺۼ
֮ʵ
ħҡҡͷħսе飬һ䣡
㣡
ҧֻ֪ˣ޹أ
֪Σ޷ıһУң˻Ѿںڰأ
˵
įΪۼڶѨǧ꣬ղҼգǾ屻۸ˣҲŲʣ㣬ҿ»ڶѨ֮УѵҾͲ֪֪ô
Ҳһֱ׷֮ɭĿġ
Ӧ˵ľǿ߰ɣ
㵭˵
оȣ磬ô
ǵˣλǿߣѾƿĹȥλ˰ɣ
˵
𾪡
㲢ǲ²⣬ʵִһ۷壬ȻѰͻƣ統һλǿƿڰĽ磬ִλ棬Ҳʵ
ǿߣ
伸ҧĸ˵˳㶼սȭȻһɣȴԵô޿κΡ
ԷǺڰǿ֮ˣûа취
ٴսȭͷҴ޷ҲҪָ˵
޴Ҳ֮Ҳ˵أҪֻ֪һ̺ۣĻûл￪˵
˵
϶֪еԲԣ
ҴӦ͸©䣡
ߣ
䲻֪˵ʲôá
˹Ҳͬ淢ħ֮սе飬ֹ˼Ƭ̣˵ħ㷽ź˵һЩЩסУƺûнħսǿһξѪҷӡסˡ
ȻҡͷȻ£ҲҪеһУ˹ļΣΰɣ
ȥΡ
㿴ǧЩ˽Ƕż˵ΧѾҲһ磬ǵȻ޷ƿģȥʺսˣ
Сģ
˹СŮһ㡣
ͷһֱӷա

ڿУʶɢȴǸܵľҲټҲ׷˹ȥ
û뵽Щ˵սȻѾ뿪壡
һ·׷٣棬ҲǱĽȦУٴθܵǹ
ȦУһƬѩأûȥۿΧķ羰ΪԶһĲǱĽ
ΧӰǶڳһطȥҲ׷ȥ
ʴˣҸҿ϶Ǳʴˣǳˣѩɽۣ֮ںǼ鼤ս
ЩҲ̫ˣʴ˽ѵҲã

˵ѩɽҲڵִɽռ¿Եֵ
ѩѩɽܹ֮ϡڶӰڶڣλλλ
Ƕڹۿѩɽ֮ϵһʺͰλǿ֮ˡ
ӰҲѾִѩɽۣ֮ǵ͵֮Уûб
飬Щ˰ѩɽۣ֮ĪҪҲõĻ䣿
˵
ߣʣĵͦ࣬ս嶼ˡѩɽۣ֮ÿ̫࣬ϴ;ǿѩɽ֮۶ԵУûƻѩɽɼΧĽǿ󣡡
ȵ

ߣʴ˴˷ܻô
һλվ㲻ԶλãӦþǷϵʦߣ˵ǿȥΪ顣
һȺΧڷΧȻڱȼϡ
ʱչؼǧ꣬ʵ֪֮٣ǰλȴżǿһĹħһʩչħǱѵа
˵
ҲǰԵͷħ㵱ʱ̶Ե֮ʱʩչ棬ħȷм̲ŸողλԴڤĻܣҲ˵ʲôλλǵħħսʱ򣬾Ȼɾλʵǿ󣬸Ͳ̿Աġ
ǰλʩչħ붼ܹ뵽
ҲΪʵġ
߿Уеġ¡䣬˵飬嵱УǰλʵδչֳҵǼľħ
仰˵ǿЦʲôʲôʿҲϲ֮ˣĿǻ˲ʵҲӦλͬʱʩչħ
ʴǰȻλʩչǿһУǱȵĴ
Щȵ˶˵
ʣԭǻʩչħһоѩɽۣ֮ܣǻ㵱걻ǿһлܵĲ״㵹ȲˣߺߣλʦֵܣǱȫɣ
ЩЦ⡣


1520 ı㾡
ѩɽ֮ڿ˵ǾԵĻ֮նԵýŲ٣Ȼ̵ӱʵġѩɽ֮ϣɻ϶ǱȵǿŵȻﲻĳּӴ˼֡
˴ЩϲߣҪ֪ȵΪʵĴڣжѹһ˴һֱģҪЩȵۿΰϵġ
ͣ
λʵж֤˿˵Ļɲǣǻźɫ棬类ڻһ㣬ֻܿӰ
ľħܹ˲
λһʩչо˶΢΢Щ𾪡
ʣԹǣ
ҼȻеʩչħһܹȫˣ
ʵϺܳȣûа㾪ȣһΪҪɾµһ£Ȼָڰ硣
ǧǰǿȴԸʱǿչֳʵҲñʳ֮Ĳࡣ
չǧ꣬ҲҪǸᣬֱ㣬ʾһǱȻ޷Խǿߣԣɷʱ򣬱ʻᰵΪģҪʱܷ;ǿһս
˿̣ȻأҲϣİλܹһսܹһɨ⼸ǧǰеᡣ
ʵ֮ͫгְźڻȻǰ˴ɵĻħܸܵ˴˿̵Ѿ֮ǰһȼˣǴ˿ϸʵᷢϾȻһ˿ЦǸоƺǲûаЩħС
ս¡Ϣӿһһϣȥһλսһ㣬ǿ
ǱʵıʥףǿҲֻóѪ񵶲ܽƣұΪױʥѾٻʹã벻ʴ˾Ȼ޺ˣЩħ޷καʴˣ
˵
ϸĶǱʥףһ渽źǿҵϢȷʵܹ𵽺ǿķԱʵʵµĽҲǿټʥ¡԰λħȷ˿η塣
ѹʻ޿֣⼸ǧ꣬ҲǷϲ֪ǰб
ʥ׾ͱ޺ˡ
ڷŵУǰλħѾűʳȥһźڻһڿ˸
䣡
ѩɽ֮۶ھ𶯣һ涼ӿ׹Ҫ֪Щ涼ǰλȥʯ˶𺳵ֵ
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ȻЩǰ׵ֵ
һЩλڼٵλˣ
㣬ҿˣˣ
һӼеմ
Ǳʵ
˭
˭㣿Ǳȵأ

ȵҲֻλλһ˱ķߣӪȹԱ˪֮һЩڵ֮Ƴ
Щȴ쳣ǿǷλʵҲ޷ЩԱ
յѾһסЩҲǴ˿ѩɽ֮ϵİ֮ȴȻǴ˷
ϾЩðٶ˶ͬʱˡ
ЩԱʹ࣬ǳ֮ʱһɫâȴϣ崺磬ů߿ŲԶһİʩȻЩϹⶼǳ֡
ںЩǸڵı֮Ȼֵס
Ա˲٣Ҳȫˡ
ָǲԶİ˵Ǳʴ˵ɣ
ǰã
˵
Ҳϵң
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ԭС磬ѹ֣ѹ֡
߻Ȼԭ˼Ц⣺㣬ڵֵĺܣҾȻԲʴ˾ȻҲʶ㣬Ҳһλ֣
㵹ǫһЦ統УǶ֣ڰ硭˵λǿߣǴ˿мǾ˵Уκһˣڵǿ̫ࡣ
쿴
һλȵָſС
Ҳ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ˿̵֮УȻλ
Ҳʩչ׭Ƭʱ䣬λȻλɲ𾪡
ʴ˻ɱ
Ҿ֪ʴ˲ʧģ

ǶΪλǱʻɱģȴһ˿ɣʶ̽ȥȴڵ֮ϵһ۵Ľ￴λ
Ȼشȴʩչ
ţյеǲƳˣֻÿһʣмˣҵλʦȻˣѩɽ֮۵ĵ֮ȴһӡǵӡػķӡٺ٣ӡǱʩչ󣡡
ô£ʲôػ
һλʵ
ʴ˴۷ʵʱѩɽ֮ϷӡһֻǿħػǱʴʩչǵӡ̫ǿˣһַӡѩɽ֮ڣλ϶ǰǵӡ֮˳ãҲǷӡҪʷӡס
˵

λڿʩչһ棬ϵλǵķӡ֮˳ȥӦϣоȻһڻ֮Ȧڻ֮ȦʳȦ˽ȥ
καһ޷ӺڻȦѳ
ߣʣҳǰ˶Ķ֣̫ߣڶûʩչȫĻһҪնɱǣﻹţ
ıǽѩɽۣ֮Ҫӡ֮ĶԲԣ
ʺȵ
ڵı֮ǿ˺ʩչҲնɱʣԣλֻҪһΪҵķӡ֮
Եķӡ֮ǵȻܹʩչȴܶԱκΰӰֻˮԵķӡ֮Ըʡ
ڵ۷״̬»ǵӡ֮Ȼһζҩ
ʣֻĸǵȷɱ㣬󣬿Ҳֻһܹʱصħʱ㽫ǵĶ֣
ʦֵǣߣ
һâӿʧ׷ϲ
ںڻ֮ȦУЩıƣȻѩɽ֮۵ķӡ֮뵽ˣҪ֪ʶ˵ӡػ֮£˵û޷ʣǣȵǱȻܹɵħ
Ǹʱһжӣ
ʴˣܹô
˵
ЩȵҲ۰Ͱ͵Ŀźڻ֮Ȧеıʡ
ҡͷƵӣƺԼĸʵնɱǣ
㿴űһģʵʣã
ʱұܹ
Уʱ۰ס
Щȵ˿ʧĲӰǾȲѣǱʶ𺳵С


1521 ţ
ʴûҪֵİλеκһˣĿǰҪӦǼΪѵġ
˵ǰˣ
ʧ̫ˣʻֹɳѩɽˣҡҡͷСӣ̫ðʧˣҵþȥĻҪ
ʶҲǲϣκˡ

壬塣
ħɵȼ㲼µĽ統аȫĺܣȻҪħ뷨ȴվҳ֡
Ͼ飬ȻҪ˴ͷ˲Ÿҷſֽš
Ȼڤ˹Ψ²֮ˣзųλǵĲʵǴģħȻвͨһħƽħҲͲô󶯸ɸ˰
˹˵ʵҲҪƭЩȥ㲼Ľ磬Ǹʱ취ħɡ
ǺܿЭ飬ħͨ죬һܱȰɲҪõö࣬Ϊ棬Щ㲼µĽ硣
ҪʲôƺҪƽ磡
׹˵
㲻˵µĽ磬ǳ岻ô
˵
ǣ㲻ǻǵģ϶ǴĳЭˣ
ɣɲ£
ħȵ
˹Ҳ֪˵ʲôãһֱڴ㲻Ҫʲô飬
䣡
λͬʱʩչһͽ㲼µĽ٣
ǿħɵˣ¶â
˵޷ֵջ
ʲôħɾôһҲֲٵģ
ƭħͨ죬ɵ˵Ҳһ磡
бµģǾɣ
ħľʹת˫ᶨĿЩȻ˿̱ħסˣɢƻ˵ġ
ȻҲֻˣЩ˺ȵħͬˣǳȥħǣ
ڤ˹ڴ󷽣ȥҲǰг˯оǲ̫ļһǰλħ϶ֽţǾΣˣ̽̽硣
ò˵ڤǼܵҲΪһ̣Щȫӿȥͼħɵȫɳȥ
Ѫħз磬ˣ
Ǽȫˡ
ߣΪǼ鶼ǰ׳ôཫסѵΪǼ©ģ
ħЦ
ȴŹΣǱħסͽ嶼ٵˡ
׹ŵҲǷһУҲ龪һ
û뵽вĴڣ
һĲӰ䣬̺ȵоȻ󲿷ֶͽߣƾҲħ
ңǲҰ
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ˣǱѵѾɱ
ʵ
Ҳ˶ĵĻ⡣
ȻѾѩɽۣ֮ߺߣھħɵģ
˵
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λУһʩչǿֱӽǼ˷ոɾ
Ǵ˿̶ܳӱȡ
ħҲһȣ벻ʶϣǵʵȷ٣
ʿգĿ࿴ɣΪǻǵʱô
ߣҪᵱҵϹۣ
ħɺȵ
Ӵɣ㲻ҪҪ֪İŮ˾أģɲã
˹ҪҿԣˣǲҪ˺˹
ôУһֻһˣô˼أɵ֮ǱҲὫ˹ɵģĺˣ·ϣ㲻įģ
˹һǵ˵ʲôΪʲôİ֮ˣΪʲôԺûаӡ󣿡
䱻ᣬȷʵһʹ顣
׹ź;֮ͬܣ˶ħսоʲôֶ֪ࡣ
˹Ժйɵļ䶼ɾˣ治֪ΪʲôأǼǵõ׷׷ĺأƺ󣬶û׷ְɣ
죡
ɺȵ
ߺߣɣʲô˼ģǵõĽ統н֮˾ͱˣ㲻ٱѪʱǣҪ׷һߵǣǰ׷ģݻڤǿ֮ˣ˹أ
ħԽķŭԽ˷ܣƺǰħߵȥȫҪֻƾʲôָң
Ϊ׷ĺ񣬲ϧڤʱ䣬ܵȥαװߣߺߣһʱһأ󻹲ǲˡںһζҵУˣվأǶ˵ǰĻ
˵ţҲƺ䵽˵ʱĳ
嶯ң֮˹ΪάԼһຣƴɱ֧Щͷħɳ֣²˹ƽϢ嶯ҡ
˹Ҳħɵ뷨ʱͺ̯ˣɣ֪ϲңǺڰ統е߾ͺˣһһᣬʼڤħߵǲܵģ
˹ΪʲôһᶼϸңϲôֻҪϲңΪҪҵݣΪξͲܽڤ磬Զҵأ
ûУûϲ㣡
˹ľ飬Ҳħ֮һ겻񡭡ħս֮ǰҲûм˹
ԺиֳЩ棬ʱÿһǵ齲ʹѡ
˹ԺȻ䲻κйɵļ䣬ǿ˵ЩЩŰɣʹģҲЩ֪룬ѵѵ˵Ķģ
Ϊûаأ⾿ôһ£
ʹɣȻ˵ʹˣðɣ֮飬ҲͲ˵ˣ֪˵˶ᰡ
һ䣬Ȼ˵ʱˣʦֵǴɵǣԶһ𣡡

ħ˫ͨ죬ԽħԽɱǹѹö촭飬Ǹɲ˹ҾԲŹǵģ
Цʶɱˣϣ˾ǿߣ˭ǣƺںڰ翩ɣͻİĲ˹һˣ
ɢЦ
ڴţƶ²ݸ壬Ƥ֮񣬱֣Ϊûѩɽ֮۹սͲôǲҪʱִܵԽҴλĻ˰ɣ
һ컮Ƴգϣ˶˭ж΢΢𺳡


1522 ս
λ彵ҲǺȻһƬȻ֪ѩɽ֮ϳֹȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˴󵨣ôֻص壡
Сѵô
ؼһֱӽҴ˿̵ĻԣǰλεҪҪ֪֮ԻҲǾħѾ֮ˣȥ߱ɱҲ޴󰭣û뵽㾹ȻδϢ˵˳
һ壬ڶŵһЩǣ
㣡
˹оϲ׹ź;֮ҲͷҲ֪ʲôʱ̿ʼ˶հоﶼҪ̤ʵһ
ħ˵磬أΪҪʱ
ʱܹΨбʣܿ㣬Ҳ쳣ο˵һһܽʶ㣬޺
ħɻ⣬˶ڴĴ𰸡
ȴһŭ㣬еӣǹƥ׷ѩɽۣ֮ٴλѵΪֹܹǰʱô
ǰʱ˸Ӻˡ
˹ʵ㣬ô£
ʱ⼸ڱӡѩɽ֮ۡ飬ۼȻˣͲΪΪ
ȵ
ħɳԾʾȻ磬㻹ǲҪˣ˸飬ܶԸģʥߣǱޣԺлᣬΪұɣ
ɾԼǷ̫࣬ҪԸˣȻҪಫʥߣδ·кܳΪԼգֵá
ɣΪһ磬ҲҪŵףֻҪڣЩ˱㲻ܽɣ
ȵ
˿̣в˹˶𺳲ѣǶЩύ㣬һΪȷѡ
飬նɱСӣһ˱ӣ
λ˵
㣬ֻϢʱ䣬ܽնɱ
˵λʦֵԵƬ̣նɱٻһɣ
λͷ
ȻſзȥһɫУоҲ翪ĿǰԺڰϵ˵ȻԼǿ̫࣬Ƭ̵иĻܱ̻ܿܣ
жӳŵħµĳŵǶԱʵģֻ֮ҪǳŵͱҪȥŬ
ˣһлعԭ㣬Ҳϧ
̵ӰҲ֮УԶϴЩЦݣȻǿģ°ܽնɱ㣡
֮趯Ӱ˲䣬һ䣬һҪ֪̿ɲ̣ʵǿֹȻӾˡ
һѪȻһ˹ȥȫֵ𣬵Ȼࡣ
ڴ˴ڵǳԣټ׼㣬Ҳûˡ
΢΢ȣΪϴκսһ㣬ˣȴû뵽㾹Ȼֵܵס
Ҫ֪ǰºڣϢʱ䶨ն㣬ⴵһţƣ˻⣬ǴΣ¾Ҫܵ˱ˡ
λҲ˵벻㾹Ȼλֵסǲ˼飬Ҳֻʥ߲ˣ
ʱѾˣϢʱ䶼ûܽ㣬ֻһˣ
ǹ˰ʱʻص壬ǵĻͲˣ

ؿ̣һָɵˣҲÿʵǶһ٣ϾǶҹζࡣ
ħҲڹעⳡսͬȣʵȻֵܵסһ֮ǳ֮УҲ뵽ʥһ㶼ɺͳͬնܹ漣أ
Ŀ΢΢һԵĺ˹˹һֱ㣬·һһǣһ㣬һĻɶһԱʹ

֮Уٴν¿̵𣬿зŭ֮ȴԵ޿κΣ㣬ſǾͱʵһ֮սڵ̫࣬˿̺ԵУȻЩġ
ΪʲôҪ˵ϢʱնɱСӣҪ֪ʥߣǿߵĺˣ
飬㷽źͱʴս̫СӲǳˣһնɱɣ
һλȵ
ΣǴӦĻ֤鷽ǰţƣϢʱնɱ㣬¶ϢʱҲնɱˣǲӦȻĿǰ״̬ڶʱնɱ㣡
Ҫ
飬ôƤȻҲ᲻˼ǰˣҲްη壡һɣ
ǿ

֮ϵЩλλЩӿˣΪǿ֮ˣȻڣǶˡ
ĻȴǾһȻһˣȻͣȻͰλа壬Ҫ֪ǰ˿ܹͱһսǿ֮ˣ
ڤ˹¶ЦݣǻˮĻȻϣԽԽãܹɵ͵ˡ
⡭
̿ŵϵλͬʱϿУϸΣ뵽ǴҪ󣬿鵹Ҳǹ˲̫ˣƤħҪ
㣬ˣǱȫ㣡
ߣ˭ȫ˭
λͬʱͷųԱ֮У˲ʱְ˵ߣƳգҪ˺һ㡣
ֵУҲǳһĨɫ棬Լһɫס
Ϊһ壬ԴڤĻ
ֻڤĻ𣬲оеҲȥ
ȻںϣʹڤĻͣҪ֪ڤĻ𵱳һоͻ̣С
ܱһǿƣƾȻʹ˿̿ȥžκڷӿһ㣬˫ֶˣ֮ںڤĻǰ˵߳ȥ
䣡
һǿ⡣
˵۾ʹһ㣬ǿ緽űʺǰλԱ۷һս㣬ʵ֮ǿֲ˹ȵǿ۾̲ס찡̾ȻѪˣ
˶ԣǿڵϴŴȫǺˮһЩѪգɵ֢״
յУӰȻڣȥûκδ󰭣һĨ㿴ͷܣλг
ŰߺʩչļǿڤĻվȻЩƣļһ׭ҲΪ׭ʹһĿ̱Լıɡ
飬Ų˵ϢʱնɱôѾϢʱ䣬绹Ȼúõվأλǿ֮Ҳˮ׼ȻѪ飬Ҫ㣬ɱȥǸ嶪ˣ
ħЦ


1523 Ż
֮ǰ̫ĳޣȻ˵Ĺڲ˶ÿǾȡϾǱûжٽʣŶҪħɣڶԷʵʵ̫ǿίȫ˿̼㽫̻ˣҲʹ죡
˭ôϲڣλǿȻˣħ˵ˣ
ȿȡ
ǿǱԼıɣһеȻΪ㣬ħɵķζҪըˣɣһʱ⣬ɣ
Ƿ
ҡͷ
㣡
лһȴǱ˹׹ţһ뵲£벻̱ɣ֮£ʵҲǴǰλȻӦˡ
ߣ˶նɱ㣬ɣʱ׼ɣ
ҧȵ

ͬʱյУҲǾճһĨĨѤĺɫһƬɫĺǵλʩչĺ󣬺ȻҪһУֱӻɱ㣬󻼡
Ļ溣ǵذ㳯ӿϿȥȻΪ򶨣ȴǵĵĺܣȻǿ֮ĿǰܹӦģ
ܹڤĻ˿̣ѾǱǿսˣһΣԼ׶༪٣Ͼ⼸ڵ̫ܵйġ
ȴޱȼᶨҲΪһ亹
Ƕźε˵޻ģ
䣡
û㡭
㣡
磡
ɣ˹˿һĻ۾ͨ죬ҪħѳȥǿϧħѲȥ
׹ź;֮ҲһţȻڵİΣ
ʥϾʵ̫󣬾ǱҲ޷ģ

ˣĶǰҲңǱӦߺߣ
쳤Хƺڵ˻δȬȻ֮ҿǻɢȥȻһӹ쳣죬ϸ˲ܷ־ȻһɫɫȻѪ񵶣ȴǷŴʮѪ񵶡
ֻѪ澹Ȼһ˵ӰϿȥЩϲһ費ĵ̬ȸÿ̶ʱͿȳѪ
ȥôܻ
㣬㾹Ȼû
磬㡭ǣ㶼ҿˣ

ҲһԾ״Ϊ𺣻ȥ϶ӰˣΪǶѾΪҽˡڣĳ֣Ӷתˣ̫ʵ˰

λյеӶһǱҪ䵽ȥħɵģ˭֪㾹ȻһŴѪգСӵʲô״һλǿʵ
㣬û뵽Ȼ𾪣ѵʥߵ
ǲʥߵʲôϵ
Ц
ͲʲôʥߵѪ񵶣ҪʱѪ񵶵дһΪɣѪ񵶵УҲֻϹħͨ
û뵽ǧˣҾȻ¡ϢѣСӣƾʵҲӵô֪һλӵҵĿǳưԺڰƿնȥ
ȻʵܵͣȴǼΪ죬Ǳ޴󣬲Σ㶼ѪгѪҾȰɹѹذɣ

ȻѪ񵶵ĹŻѣѪҲ˲䱬˾޴ֵסĺ󣬷ĻҪˡ
ߣǺǶҪɱ㣡
λ࣬ȻúĵʱѾ̫࣬ٲնɱ㣬±ʾҪˡ
λ˹ȥǻ棬ȻѾʩչħҪٶȽ㡣
ֻѪͻȻĽ³˳ȥѪ񵶣һ޴Ѫ񵶱ȻӶ
λȻҪǿֵʩչǵâ
䣡
ײ޴
˶Լ۾رǿ̣һֱΪǽҽˣȴû뵽˿̻һâȻҪλֵҪ֪ǻʩչ˻ħģ
СǸ
¶Цݡ
С
ţѪ񵶵ʱ֣
㾹ȻСôĵ֣ǲԭ£ҪҵôྫѪķϣɱ㣡
Ƚ⼸һڱˣңԣ
ȵһûȫѪ񵶵ȣûþȫ˺ȻĿ⣬ٴλӳһ
һƴӵһ
ֵֵͬ
飡
ţλȻ׹
Щϵ˶ȡ
䡭
ϹȻ˼ӣȻλ׹ĺۼ
˶𺳵Уֻп̽ŲƶǼӵеʦֵǣһǵô£ôв㣿
˵仰˵ҪðƳ۾ϹģҪܹӮǻᱻڵأ
̿Ѹٽ㣬ȵ㣬㵽ʲôôܻȱʻҪǿ󣿡
Ҫ֪ڿУʶһǻܣȴˡ
㵹ǲͿ˵ϻȵ콫ħɿĻ̽ɱ
һĺܣλҲǴӴӵ˳ȻˣںͿһɵĵزڶٶЩҪ͵Ϯ㣬һܵǹɳȻİͷˣСӣô£Ȼһ˲֮䣬ǰǿ
Ǿǿ߸˰ɣ
ħҲ޷⿪
һλҧ˵
оȣôܣ
ԼħͲƶɵģ
˭

˵ƳרŶԸħɵģֻǵƺûϣԵɺ֮±ʰȡԭħɣû⿪Ҳ⿪ķţ
㿴ħɣҲΣ˵ûħ֮£Ҳֻܽ⣡
ɾȻҲߺߣ˭˵ħֻܽ⿪Ҳն
Ѫ񵶵д죬ҲǴСն
Ȼʵ̫ҵնģУԺҪСˣⱲӶûôĵ֣
ǵױҪεʵնħС
ģҪˣ֮λεģ
㱾Сģ˭֪Ȼû죬ˣֶ޿κΣ˯ȥˡ
ڴ˿̣һϢȴǴԶƬ̣ʵӰվԣ¶죺㣬㲻Ҫң⣬ⶼɵģ


1524 
ʸճǸ壬벻û˰սϢΪλѾɱħɵˣȴ벻λȻͬʱ̶ܵͬȵƣȴǺö˶˵վô£
ʼ΢΢ͷЩȻȻģпܻˣȫûаܡ
ܲǰλԲаܸİɣ
ʣħа취
ûУ¡նħ
ҲҡͷϾƵķ
ۿǻŵĿ̣˵㣬ǿʲôˣɲҪնɱǣ
ߣ֮ǰ˭˵Ҫնɱ۵ģ
˵
û㣬˰ֻ㣬նɱ㰡
̽Ʊ
λҲͬɢɱŵ÷
ɺȵ磬ɱЩ飬ҾԶħҲν
ԣɱǣ
˹ҲǺȵ
ЩΧҲ㶵Ŀ㣬֪ξȻɱˣҲûκθоġ
ϾǵĵȼȻǺͿЩ߲Ա˵ϰ仰ģģʲôϵ
㣬ɲҪԣħɵ
̻û˵꣬еѪ񵶱һ˹ȥֱӽնλҪܣӸոշȴǱһ¶±ڵס
ܣ
Ц
ͣ
ӳֱӽ⼸ȫɱ
ЩΧˣû뵽ת֮䣬Ľİλǿ֮ȫնɱ
ǱնɱҲζ弸ŵг׳٣÷
ǼλŵλеǰϲĺܣƽʱŹˣͱŵ˶ȻûмУȴǶ弫䲻мģΰ˴֮ҲܹöŲҪٵİԵˡ

Ѫڷհ˴Ѫ㴫СҲԵˣ˸һҶûɣøˣ
Ӧõģ㣬ҵоȻô꣬ȻϹħҲãЩѪҪ˯ˣ
Ѫ񵶵ĹŻѾԡСƺˡ
˯ã
㣬ҿûõġ
ðɣСܲ˯
Ҫ㰡ҵǰʵûеִ۷ʱҲһֱ˯ŵģԡ¡ҲΣͷžѣһǱʣ
Ż˵Ѫ񵶿ǿΪĹŻ꣬ȻҪǿҲڣϣҸղ
Ҫó˯ά
ո˰λľѪҲָ˲ʵҲ˵˵㻹֪Щʲôȫѽ



ԭΪŻѣԺѪŻܹ浽û뵽龹Ȼġ
Ū㶼û˰飬ҲҪִϵ۷ʵĻŻ궼ˡ
ʿʵǷϵˣ㣬һкδ㣿
Ȼصڰ磬Ľ类ˣһҪȥҵǣ
˵
ڤѾ˺ЩʱգҲ֪ʥصЩôˣʥػأҲôױеħֵġ
˵Щһֱ壬ǲȻ˵ǱӦҲˣ
˹˵㣬ҲвǿħǶҪѰʳ´˿̵ҲʬҰ
ҲŲǿ̣壬һЩǵߡԸֵܹסħ
ҲֻϣˣϾҲû뵽ڤ統еôãŻ׹ƺֹۻͷЩΧһΪҪնɱǣ˭֪ȴȵ˹ҹ
ڤû뵽˿̻վԭأ˵㣬ûе㣬Ǻ⣿
㻹˵ûеﱾۣ治֪˵ֻ
üͷһ塣
ڤ˹ŵøϽ˵㣬ĵİд˰ɣ
ڤڤˣܹίȫĿ㣬ȷ̫ףҪ֪֮ǰ䲻ء
˱ۣҪñ۴д
ڤ˹ŵù˵ҲûģʶȤۻܹڤģ
ʶȤ㣿
˹ת
ȿȣҪʾ㲻ɣΪкܶʱ
˹ȻȻܣǵϵо᲻ãһ뵽ǿֲɱʵʵİѳ˯оо˳
㣬оҿǽ˳ɲɱң˵˵ģ
Ҫģ˹ѡ
ӹоҲûڤֱӶ׹źͺ˹Ƕȥɣ
˶һȣ㵹̫˵ɣоֱ͸ˣһۡ
׹һм磬ҵĴ£ûҽİ֮˾Ȼ㽫о㣡
˹ȴǰѳ˯оֵݸ㣺оҲûô㣬㻹߰ɣ֪овܷã
ҲƳ٣˯оȷвٰһۻڵϹŵĹ˹˵Թڤˣ
ڤ˹ŵøϽˣжѣܵ߾簡ıҪȥ
ʼ˶ʲô㣬׹ǿ϶Ҫغڰģ˹ѡ㣬֮Ҫص嵱С
Ҳǵͷ䣬ڵʵûȫԭϵ˺ۣһа취㲻õģ
㣬ܸˣЩܹʶ㣡
˵
˹˵ﵹЩζ䲢صڰ磬ֻڳЩС׵ͬʱȴħҲѹúܣû뵽˹Ҫ뿪صڰˣⱲܹټõ
ͷɣϵħʱҲ޷⿪۽ħͻȥ磬ѰȻһ磬Ҳʧĺˣ
磬Ҷģһܹҽ⿪ħģ
˵
ǰЩͰ㽫ɴرȴΪչ˰ɣлˣ
㣬㲻úҿǵִ磬СģԶڤ縴ӵĶ࣬ҲҪǿĶ࣡
˵
̸Щ£ĿҲһ䣬ЩЩͽЩһҲʲôöһѷҪħɣȵ߱ͨڰĴ


1525 صʥ
򽣷ϣ
·
ȵ
׼ߵʱ˵磬һչ˺ò˹
ﵱеľᣬҲڶС
ڼͽָ֮£ͻ׹ţ˹ĵص㣬û뵽ʺǰλһսսң壬壬ɽ嶼ѾٵˣŴļλû뿪򽣷棬ǿ㣬ȵʲô
ǵǾְأ嶼ҳˣǻ벻
ΨһܹͨڰĴ¹شǱһЩСڰ磬룡
Ƕ㡣
λʦ壬ǶѾˣٲÿѱ
Щͽ˵
ʲô
ȵѵɵģ
ͷ
Ƕŵú˵ǾȡλǱܼ̳дͳϣܹ
ĻǲŻȻ԰ȻҪؽȻؽʯ
ƣ˭Ըһػڴϣ
ܷҡֱϣ˭ԭ̤
Ƕ̬Ⱥ̫ࣺȿȣҪǰڰģ
ͷ
ɵ龧ʯɣ
һóɫľʯ
ʲô
˹׹ͬʱʵ
ʯܹڤӵеԭⲻĻصڰ磡
˽͵
ӺڰڤʱʵʧƴµִǴڤصڰ磬ʵٹΪ㣬ǿܲ˵ġ
˸Ͻɵʯ
㣬㲻ɣ
ҲҪ
ҡҡͷҲû͡
˹׹ŵһһֱģںڰ統л鼶ˮƽڤ磬ȴٶ֮죬ѾԶˣɾʯ϶Լԭ
ʯɲ࣬ǻصڰ磬ڵʧɱԹǣ
ᡣʱ䲻ˣ߰ɣ
˽봫ȦУӰ˸˲ʧ
Ǽλλ϶ǴЦ⣬ָָͽԺǾ￴شˣҪȥִ֣
ݵת䣬һ죬Ȼ൱м봫㡣
ֱӽ˴͵Уͺ˹ƵϲԶ׹Ҫȥİ֮ҲǺ
˹˵㣬Ϊ˰Ӧǻŵô
һеħҪҪҲлҰ
˵
Ҫٶȸϸ
ˮ·Ȼػʥأ˹Ƚеˮ£
Ҳ뵽ȻϺ֮ӿˮǾ֤ϵܹͨϺ֮
Ϻ֮ʥء
ѾҳһţŲħʬ壬ܶҲħ٣Ǹո־һβҵļ
峤ѾǵʮһηЩħˣԽԽǿҲԽԽ࣬ǵҲѾ׵סˣԮǡ
峤Ϻֳ֮һħǺܿҪֻʥصĻصģ
Щ϶Ǿ֣ǣң뿪ЩһֵħʮһȻҲʧأ˲ˣЩħȴԽԽ
һΣħ׳˻ʥصе󷨣ٳһħʥصĻܾܿزסˡ
ҲҪţڲϺ֮ѾˣǻãЩħȻУǻȴǲطа鶼еģֻҪһģһܹЩħҪǿǿǻ壡ΰĻ壡
峤طɹ
ʥصе󷨱٣˿̳˹ˣܸЩʲôء
طɵĲԶһλɫŮӺһСھλˣλ˷űħһֱ۶ˣʧѪС㣬СͷлǣĻҿԶ˵ˣʱҵŹ¶һˣ᲻
Ȼ԰׵ˣ˵㻹ǲҪ˵ˣ˿ѾʼϣĵֵħжҲҪμӣúôڴ˰ɣǻᱣûʥصģ
˵ͷǱһֱмŮ˷ˡ
Сͷ˵㣬Ҫʦͺˣֱ۶ܽأ
ЩСͷͽ֮ĹϵҲǱԽƣҲʵϲܵܡ
Сͷ㣬һĨˣ˭֪أ
СͷŽ飬ҲЩһֱæŵħ飬ΪԼţûôʱΪֻҪһǽԺ϶ֻһӰӡ
Ϊﰡ
Сͷҡҡͷ
ڽڷ֮ʣ˵ִ˹ãã峤Щħִˣ
ʲôǵҲ̫˰ɣÿζܴأ
Ҫȵסһħ

һȺͻޣһֻֻצͻѾأԭغХǳŻʥس
סǣ
СͷҲѾվǰߣǵЩ嵱ҲǲģЩͻ׺צмŻ棬ʥضȼ
ߺߣ벻ﻹô࣬ǶΪͻʳ
ͻȺ󷽣һֻ׻쳤ХʵִД۷徳ǻЩ˿Եֵġ
λͼֵסͻȴǱһץˣһλ˵طɣͻܹסģ˺󳷣
طҲǵͷ쳷
볷
ͻЦӴô۵Сӣ̫ˣ
˵Сͷ÷ֵֻͻ
Сͷܣ
ȵҲǻˮͼסͻͻˮƽܹסģצȻץסСͷ˫磬ҲǾ֣ģ֪ô죬ǰʱ̣㱣һΡ
ſСͷ
Ȼǿ󣬵ͻǰȴԵһСͻҪˣ
ЩħУʳԽ࣬ɾǷˡ
㣬ܣ㲻֣
УҪʲôˣѹģ
βȻһ˦һͻǺһХȴֱӽβˣȻһХĻָˤڵϣĿȴԵǰΪϾʵĲ࣬ʵ̫ˡ
ͻЩ쵱Уֹǿһλħ
ͻץסСͷǽҲǷŹ⣬ЩģŹģ
ȵСٽԵ
ͯζˣͻЩ춼ˣҵ˺õʳȻǼˡ
ſڣ¶˳ҪСͷ̽ȥ˿̣ԶһâȴǽʹԶˣͻʹ಻ѣСͷҲǳ˳ȥƺˮʹ˭˭Ұͻ


1526 ǰճ
ЩֵͻĻǶԾȣѵʵǿͻɣҪֶ֪Ķأ
СͷŽ̳źȥͻȴ˫צץ˹ȥһ̣ǲ֪һ˹͡һȻԼצӡˡ
¡һӰյˤڵϣ˸һ£ҲʹΧͻ
СͷͽҲͣתڵʹһͻһɻ
˭˭ͻֳڰʲô
ͻʹ
һһ飬ݶ˰ţֻȥһǰצۣ಻԰
ͻôδ֮¡
Ϊʹսͣ
Ҳû˶ʱЪϢƬ̣Ҫ֪Щͻޱȣɲ׶ԸѾв˱ǻˡ
һâյһͻһͻȻâɱ
ǴִĻ۵УǾȡ
⵶âѵǣ
˸ż֮⡣
ʦ𣡡
ʦͽСͷŰǷޱȵ㣬ҲǼ
ʱҲǸϵɣϺ֮УʶѾ˻ʥأҲǹҪϷŪͻʵ̫Զֻܻͻ
ʥߣ峤ʥߣǿԲҪˣ
طڴ󷽰˳ˣҲ̼ˣоˣ
ʣϣ
طٶҲǼ죬̷ԣ˵㣬ͻД۷ľ磬㲻Ҫа
У
ȻһЦ峤ϻʵѾзˣֻŰˣСͷ۸ģ
Ҫط֪У϶ļһ¾Ͳ˵ˡ
ʦ˵Ŀģ
ͷСͷͻʩչһ⣬ͻݶѪ
ͻЩɵСͷȻǷҵӣƹ
ȥͻͲѪСͷҲ֧Ҫȥҡҡͷ÷׭Сͷ𣺡һֻʩչĴη⣡
Сͷɫ𽥺Ҳ˵ʦڣҲµģ
ҲǳǺط˵ҲþûгԹˣЩͻ⵹۵ĺܣطɣǶɱ˳˰ɣ
ͻȫѪ⻰ȵС࣬ΪʲôҳǣҪ֪Щħ춼ѾռǣϾҪڿճǵпչɱ¾ᣬˣʱЩ඼Ҫɾ
Ŷ
ͷ
Сӣ˰ɣȻеʵܵеùаôʵǿúܣҪնɱ㣬׾٣ǹԹԷңұضа˲նɱ㣬Σ
ͻоâųСӻԸ̸̸
ȥаϵܲ
ǵȻаҵĴ磬ߺߣǵĹϵ˵Ҳף
ͻ˵Ҳ˵
㵹ЦȻаϵãģ
⡭аˣҪԸǣôʱչҰСӣֻҪңұ㲻
ͻǸָո˵꣬Ǹһƣһƽɱ
ЩŵͻŵҪĴӴܣǰǸ޴Ӵܣȫɱ
ǿ
ط˵㣬ѵͻ𣿡
طɶЩһ٣ôܲͻưͻƣ˹ˡ
Ҳ֪λشطɣֻǵͷͻЩɣ
ʵϣڤ統ôʵʲôҲֻǻָ۷ʵһСˣĿǻָ۷״̬пƿڰĽ磬Ϧص磡
ȻҪ;ǿ߼һ棬ҪŪ飬Ͼ֮ɭ֮ǰ˵ֻоǿ߲һУȻҲֻǺ󻰰ˣ֮ҪȽеĻҡ
طݵУλҲҽã״̬µĸҲһ㣬Ҿ֪ضȻģû뵽ôʱܺãǻҪٴˣ
ǧǰҲΪǿߵĳ֣ʹûΪڰΪص壬ڤǿĵط޷
ȫһˣǱǾǿߣ
ħս֮󣬾ǿʧڲѣҲǵһεĳȥʱ̣ĳ֣ҲǸл˴ϣ
ֻʥߣû峹׵
㵹ûоѹܴ󣬱Ͼǿ干ĵزڰ磬ֻҪûˣ
㣬֮ǰħʮһĽǵʮΣҲǾǵʵԽԽǿ㣬治֪ôһأ
ط˵
ʥصشܣħʵ̫࣬򿪻ʥĻأҲҷŽʥصʱ򣬵Χһ磬ЩħȻ޷⻪ʥصģ
㲼µĽλģ¾Щаȫ֣Ҳ޷ơ
㣬˵ҵǷˣЩǻ˲أһһЩ󷽣
ط˵ˣҪôЩеħƺҪռ
Ҳһƣ̫ʱ䣬ͻ˵ЩаҪչһɱ¾ᣬڿճǣʱħ¶пճǣȥ
Ҳûʲôð취ͻĻǸһȥ·
ճǣǿ֮ʿеĵطЩħҪնɱЩ֮ʿ
طȻЩһֱ⻪ʥأҲɳȥһЩ˴̽ϢЩ֮ʿ˻ǰȥճǣһͬΧħ飬ȴطˣϾʥҲһֱΣյУͷֲǰȥճǡ
ѹ֣ħѡڿճǣȻҪΧЩ֮ʿȥճǣ̽һУ
˵
㣬ʿеϹǰȥǿճǣɳ˾ܾ֮󣬲˹ˣǶǻѾǱģ㵱ΪȺ֮
طѵ
û뵽ϹȻСǳ֣֮ҲǲΪε̵˲ֹҪ֪ţ壬Ҳλɳʧ֮£
ҲΪЩʿȻӵһ˳Ϊ
ҪţСͷǸ˹ʦҲҪȥ
ã
ǣСͷ֣ҲǴЦ⣬ڤ磬ҲȷЩ⾭˵Сͷ
ʦ㲻𣿡
Сͷ˵
һƳǽ䵱վŵǿĽҲһ㶣˵㲻һȥô


1527 ԰
뻪ʥͰעνҵ֮ϣûй˼վڽ䵱еĽžϴ˿˿ƺҪдתģȻҲЩ㶡
ΪС֮ǰϲԼֻΪһνӴ˧ʱľˣȻͻȴСȻԼⳤͷҲһŮ˶࣬Ҳһ鷳
ŹģȻӦ˽Ȼ֪δθ顣
㺰֣Ҳһ£ʥһ̿ʼעû뿪ϣýʧǣûйעԽʧԽ󣬵㳯˼ĺ˺ȻԼԣӲעʱָܣ˾
ǽѹԼͶĿڣСУٴϣ
ûŤҲû̬˴ݣСͷҲЦݲãЩ˼ķģ۵ס

ճǡ
Ǿһοճǵģ·ҲϤճǵŶرأЩڳǰĿɲһͨʿһЩ߾֮ϵߡ
ط˵ûճǵȷĴӪȫֶѾִճǵУ
ڿճǵĶŴſͣ
߼⿴ҲǸ˹˿иķģ
ȻˣһУһŮһеϣǶɡ
ѵͨ˾Ͳڣ
ʵüԶмƵ긾ҪǣȴǱ˵£ȥճЩƽܹģ
үѾûԶˣأкãǽȥɣǶ뱻ħԵ
ȻһЩԹ߱ͨڳſڣȴǱ˽ȥ
ƶ֮Ĵ㿴ջ
ѵճΪеϢأֻиܽȥ˾ҪȥħԵô
ϹԸˣеطޣֻߣԼǮ˲ܽȥǲϣ˵ȣһɲڣ
㿴Ǽ긾һţʱһĪû뵽ʲôϹȻ˻ӹȲĹأҲ֪Щ쵱УжΪϳǱħɵġ
֣ԵĽȴڿնĳˮֱӽǸҪ긾˵߷ɣһŵߵӢˬľŮ緶ҲԽսʵЩس֮ȻĶ֡
ޣǺˣȻִϹټˣ
һ˺ȵ
Щ긾Ů㵽ȥ˵ǵ׻ҪҪ˶Ǹϳǣǵʲôô
ǣƨ£ĹأûǮûʵľ͹
⼸س֮˵ͷͷۼ±ˣȻˬ
ûǮûʵĶ

˵ͷΪճǺܴô˶ѵ棬ǻôס
˵꣬ǻΪЩسǵȫŻˣû뵽ȻʥˣǵʵȻǴﲻĵزȫŵù˵ϣβȻһ˦ֱӽǻڵأѪǿǱ
ָǼڵʹļһȵǾʵ
⡭
ǼǹţͷĿ˵Ůǵǲ֪ʥ˰Ҫ֪ˣ
ƺѵǣȴǱסˣҪУԺֻҪ࣬ܽճǣ
ͷĿȻɢ߰Ҳŵֻеͷˡ
ͷĿԴ˽ǣһ·ϣҲǿѾǰΪͬҲСڷƷǴľݣľݼףЩ㶼ܱܷܲꡣ
ͷĿ㣬ͨľݣڳУֵǣ
ĸǣҪϺôһʲƸһľݾס
ЩľݵǮȻʿϹ۵ĿڴС
ϹۣҲľݣһʺƣ
˵
ͷĿˣ˵ɱϹټһ壬εֵħǿɵе䣬̶Ҫָӣ
ָ̻ӣ
ǵȻįеĵ鱻аɱʵҲǴǰʿУҲֻϹټ嵱żλДǿߣϹۣ˵ǿҪͻД磬ΪȺۣ˭Ҳӣ
ͷĿҲֻСĺ˼䣬ǲҶԣһլ棬˵Ϲһ͸Կĵط֪ûл飡
ͷĿ˵һȻ뿪ˡ
㣬ѵȥô
滹ûˣ
ʶ̽УֻһЩڴɨĲʱ
ҵһҾ¥У¡Ȼд඼һЩٹ壬֣٩٩̸УҲʣһӣ£¥ķԱӭ¥ԭѵģ治СħҲʹÿճǵи¥ݺ׬һʣȻеĺܴһǶҪТϹˡ
ʲôûƱûƱǾ¥
Ա˵ûƱʱ̾ͱˣȻҲ뵽ܹճǵģûǮǱȻŲʵģûƱҲУʲôĵҩҲܹһٷģ
ҡͷйͲʺǣ
ʥĹʺŹ֡
ǷԱΪأҩûУǻǸϽ߰ɣСͲкˣ
Ա˵̱Χ˵Ĺע
ϾǾ¥һӣҲмˣҪŷԱ˸ߣЦǮأʲôʱǹõģٺ٣һǮѵӢۺأ
ȻԱĿ̱˵׻ԼûǮܲΪ飬¥ǿռһλãҲ̫
˿㣬һʲôһĶ˲ʱУҲȻһЦڤ磬żȻԳ壬Գ͵ĺӵУʵǲһǿ󾧺ˣžӦԳǰԳģĿǰʵɵҲʵûжֵ绻һپǮҲδΡ
Ȼڿճκһ¥԰͵ǽϾǸŮӣСͷҲСǴ±ޱɣ
Ǿˣ
˷ϣǷԱ۾˲ħҲǿħ֮Բһž˵ģžɵܹ֮ʵԽǿҲԽ


1528 
ҩҿƳһĹҲǺѻȡ
ħȴǼѻɱ
˵õеľˡ
֪жҪȡһžˣκмаĴڡ
ǵóʱҲǼСӣǾ˿ɷ£ǮɵĹҩܸ㣡
˵ĳɫǶҲѾȼλ
֪ι֮
Աɫȫˣæ˵͹٣ԲΪҸոյΪǸ⾧һ޷ɫֻƹĲܿļֵǾ¥Էסûģ
ܿ죬ԱƹĽϻ۾ҲΪǿ˿˿ˣҲ˵ƹǿճǳļʦ龧˵Ƕ֪أ
ƹһŽ˷ó󾵺езźãҲپˣǰϹնɱͷޣҲǼġǣɫ龧ˣ֮龧ˣҼʶɫõһ顭ֵҲù
Ρ
˶һԾ״ˣ⾧˴Ӻζնɱ˺εħ
ǶʼʵˣĻӵһôľˡ
ҲżȻڳʰģƹ龧ˣסӦöûʲôɣ
㵭˵
龧һλλԳеģԭԳõΪģȻѾá
ȻȻû⣬ҪСסãû⣬ţ龧ˣ͸ˣ
ƹһϲ˵ĹͣǽջأҲضסģϾһλǿĿ͹סȻǵľ¥Ͳκˣֻôһԥȴ֮ϲ
ﶼֵĿ÷ԱȥϾ¥õľƲҲ㱸õ᷿
ƹ񻹵˵˵λֵܽ⾧˴ΣҲСյľƲǮȫ⣡
ҡҡͷƹǻ⣬Щԭ쾧˵ô˵Ҳй˲ٻ𣬶¶Ц
ȻǿĿ⵱УһЩҲһЩ
Ʋ˶θڣҲ֪жûгԹ˼ҵķˣԷʱϦһӣʱֻԵĳϼڷˣȫûᵽǶٷ˺ܿϦһСʱõģ˾㷸ӵеʱ򣬲ϧʧȥˣ֪
㣬û¶ɣ˲θڣ
һ鼦ʧǵģмֲͬ
ûʲô԰ɣס£
ҡҡͷ
극¥Ƶķ뷿䣬ɾ࣬ŵ̴ζӴ⣬ܹճǵĴ¾òȻڵĿճǣĴڴԱסľݣûʲôÿġ
һʼûлصԼ䵱УСͷ죬ﵱУüĿῴŴӵ㡣
㲢ڹעľݵĴ̶ȣʶѾţ˳⣬죬һȺȺħѾۼǵĿĲԶҪ֮ʿۼأճǣ
ֻҪճǣ㲻κһܹ赲ħֵˡ
ΣķȴַǷ㿴źܶߵ߶ûаΣʶЩͦŴӵĴԹ§Ų֪ǲ˴Ժ͸Ӳ֪ΣΪˣ
ҡҡͷճǿ²Ҫħǣ
ǺϹۣӵЩʲôΣͷûκжֻЩߵסĸſڣʲôã

᷿һ䵱УҲŲ־ۼɵˣһ˾ǵʱҪ۾֮ˣǼΧһ飬ձЩ졣
ˣǵģʵǲŮ˿ʥˣܻΪҲսĸ֣
ս磬ǵǲ£ؼʵ֪ǳܸоûô򵥣
磬ʲôµģ˵ˣǼ񵽵ľôóһ龧˳Ϳ϶еڶ飬ƹк̨ˣǵǲȥģ㣬ߺߣһˣǾɱǣҲ֪
ˣһǸоЩװ
磬öˣһ龧ܹДľ磬ǸʱϹټ嶼ҪаǣУĺأ
ãͶ֣
ǣм᷿УҲһıǶҪնɱ㣬ȡˡ

ҹĻ٣ճǵ˼ҹļȣ㿴Žûлط˯˼˵ﵹŴܲܺ˯һŰɣ
ҾͲܺСͷ˯һôοֲû˯һŴϣ
ˣҲҪ˯һ飬˭϶أ
ʦǷаɣ಻ȫңǷҲȷʵŴҪǷҪ˯һĻҾһ˯һŴԵ徲
Сͷ˵
ǽҪƲһȥˣ
㱾ν˯ֲҪ˯ߣҪȥȴ¥Ų
ҡҡͷﰡЩһǲ
Ȼôһ£֪ЩҪ鷳СͷҲŲ˵ѵԸǣ
ţ
ͷ
¥ڱǴ΢ǿѹƵ
ɵĸţ벻ҲҪľˣ
ߣ߲ӵУҵȻǲҲҪᾧ˵ô
٣ҿҪռŮ˵ģÿҳˣ
ƣҪˣǵ绨ôݣܾ㣬ǲҪ˵Ļ
ҿλСĺãʱݾߣܵ˾Ͳˣ

Ҳһ飬ھȶԸ㣬ȻٹϷӵеľˣŮˡ
Ǹߵ᷿⣬ȴǷ˫֮ƺǱʲôסˣǰ벽ȴ޿κΣ
ô£ѵǽ
Ӧþǿ磬˭µĽأ
ɵĸŶһԾû뵽żնɱ㣬ȻŶȥҲ̫˰ɣ
գ
¥֮£ŲԭƹżƸģȺ˶վ᷿⣬ҲǺȵǵʲôԸֵô
ɵĸţ˵Ҳ֣һ˲䣬ϵҲȫˣ˵ƹôģ㻹Сӳͷǣ˵ǵһö˵ĺôǿǶĽĽƾӣ֪ôģǹȥ
ҹǿ֪öˣ͵ȥˣ
ҡͷ
͸ϹҺԴ㣬˵˭Ҫ㲻ǺϹټԿϹټɻ飬Ҳ㣡
ƹһмǻǵԼķ˵ɣ


1529 㣿
ɵĸŵɫȻһ䣬Ϲټǵһ壬̶ҪǣϹ۾ȻҪס㣬Ǻá
ֹҲŵó֪ͣ˵ʲôá
꣡
ڴʱ᷿žȻˣСͷ˵ôôʦҪ˯ˣ
ƹʹʹɫϽ˵ֻ·᷿ˣûʲôģ
ǰǰ̾ߣ
СиҪţƹҲ˵СУʦ˵һϹμɴᣡ

СнŹϣ˲˿뻹ûг嶯ĻϹ۹ǻ˵ã¥ͻȻֵ磬ȴ˼⣬ǿ϶ƹʩչİѵƺϹ˸ְб㣿
У¶ʦ֣룬Ǵ˳ȥˣȻҲûȤɢˡ

䵱УŷŵСͷ˵㣬Ƕˣ
˾ͺã㣬ﲻǶɱˣһȺɺ޵ļһ
˵ϹȥɴᣬǱضҲУʱڶԸǲ٣
Ҳȥ
˵
㶼ѾҵĴˣܲȥ𣿡
Ц

һҹܿȥ䵱ΪСͷĴڣȻҲܷһЩٶ˵飬ȻСͷϼ˵Լ˯ĺ졣
ھ¥гԹ緹ǰɴĵص㣬ҲǽճʱͷĿլС
˻ûнլЩﲻЩ˶Ըߣʵף۲һεҲ߾硣
Ӧ˵ճǵе߾֮ϵߣЩʵ߾֮µߣֻܾܿڳ䵴ˡ
լеĻҪһ͵Ĺ㳡㳡վһЩߣӦöϹټĳϣʵД֮ϡ
㳡ҲվżˣǶԲͬһ۾Ϳ˵̵ţЩį°ʹȻϡĺӣ̵Ҳ̫࣬ƵܿӦú˥ˣϾ鶼ˣĻƾʵӦܹͳ֮ʿ
Ϲأ
˲඼ˣ֮УҲȲ
λ԰꣬żһöˣ˿Ӧû˵еǿض㳡֮ϣ
һλ˵
ˣȻֻһöˣʵܴһʱǵħͶһֵˣ
һЩ֧Ϲټ˶ϲ
ߣʵǿʲôãֻǮƣȨı˽ɰʵ£ճǻһ
˵⻰ǵ̵ϳŭĿǷŭ
˿̣㳡е˶ţ̨ϵļλҲţҳԣЩɲҽϹټΪħºͣλۼճǵУһʹλô찲ȶգĵ̣Ϲǵˣ
Ϲٻ㻹˼飿ϹټһֱڱϿ֣ǵʧôڣ˶ˣϹټ廹ûԣ
Եһ˵
Ǽλɫÿ̶һ棬ֵħϹȴϹټڱϿ֣ԭϣħ̻ϹټܺȺۣΪ֮ף
ȻϹ۵ĿĴﵽˣȻҲдһДǿߣ֮Ϲֻ֮ʿִճǣճΪĸݵأ
ǽΪϹټڵ̶ԸħʱԹ۶Ϲټ岻ǽճϹۻаٳֻΪƲȨı˽ʹò񶼸޷ճǣ˲֪޹֮ˡ
ţӵͿҪúùܹܣ˵ǻģ
Ϲٻȵ
֮Ҳüͷ̵ˣǶǸϹټΪ֮ˣۼӶ˵ˣôܻ᲻ŭ
ϹٻϹټɳ飬ñ˵ˣߣ
ǵ̵ĵӼ˵

ϹٻȻ̨ϻһȻҪǵӵҪ˿ҲһƻֱӽǱɢ
ӱųһ亹ŵʾ£Ҳ˺
ţӳԲѷȻѵұΪѵ
ϹٻһȻܵȺ֮У˫ֱץס̵ӣҲץסϹٻ֣ȵϹٻֻһӣ߾ˣֺοΪأ
Ѿһڹ˵ϹټĻˣٲѵϹټδ棿
ߣ
һĵдһƿٴϹٻؿڴ߾ȻЩˤˡ
ʵȻҪǿϹٻģһŭ㾹ȻҪΪһӣֻң
ڴ֮ͥ£Ҫѵҵӣν£Ҫһ֤Ϲټˣ
źȵЩϹټΪѾ̹ˣˣͬˣǵ˳ˣ
˵ʲôҪ˳ͬˣ

źȵҿɲȥõһЩô
˵վҪŵ̵뿪㳡һȴǴӲԶţǺοࣿǵʼպϹټᰡ
ݣ
Ӱ̨ϣɫ֮ɢһǿƣԶŶ΢΢Щ𾪡
ⲢД磬ǡ顯
ţȻͻˣ
Ϲٻ˵
˱ϹۣЩ΢΢˵ͷϹҵõһöˣǿ󣬳һñͻִ顯ľ磡
һϲ
ȴЩмʵǿƷԲУΪЩʲô
ȻҪô
ϹˣȥѾ
ҪתϹбһ䣬Ҫߣƫߣ
һǿϮϹ۵лһŸܵǹǿҲǷֵȴȻڵأ
Ϲۣʲô˼ҵ뿪ô
νͬˣ֦ͬħ˿뿪ͬ˵

Ų˲ǵѪĮִҪߣΣ
Ҫߣֻ
Ϲۺȵ
˿̹㳡ҲǼž˶ܵϹɢǹɱ
ŸתȴǱһŴļ񣬻ͷһоϲ㣬㾹ȻҲ
Ҳŵʶˣڵ̵ʱ򣬱ǼҲǶкøС
ͷ뿪ڣ̨ȴǴϹ۵㣿ѵӵо˵㣿
Ϲһ˵˶ĿȻЩھ¥֮еˣɸ֮Уĺһ˵ʦ֣СӾ㣬Ҳ϶ֹһöˣߺߣ


1530 
Ե˵ͷΪɵˣһʵҲǲף͸žâϹ۶Ѿ˵ɵһö˲ͻД磬Сϻоˣɣǻ˵ã
ɵľˣҵģ
㵭˵
Ŷһŭ㣬ôѾ˷͸Сˣǿˣ
ȻžϹΪ֮ˣʵԽǿҲԽš
㣬㲻ۺѾ˸ңͬ˵ģڷΪͬ˵ĸɴӦ
Ϲ˵
ͻДϹټһԸǧδ˵ִ磬ϹȻӽ顯ȴʼ͸ͻДľ裬һöȴɹͻԼҲҪϣβϲ񣬷Ϊͬ˵ĸ͸֮ˡ
˶ƨ˵ӭԺͬλĴ£һԵħħ
ǸʲôϹٹܣǲϡʲô֮λģ㻹ʡʡİɣ
˵öԣʦŲҪأ
Сͷ˵
Ǹ˵꣬Ϲ۱ŭʲôܴ˵ôͬϣǽħұĴһ֮£֮ϣҫʵܹ׵ģ
⸱ȷʵûʲôȤ
ͳ񣬾ҹĵӣһҪ
Ϲ۵ıͻȻסһ㣬ôҲ벻ͨ㾹Ȼᵱܾĺ⣬ܹͳ˵ĸˣǲǷˡ
Ҳžȡ
˵ʲô˵һ飡
ϹԴɳưȻЩԼĶ䡣
ûʲôʲôõģҪ͵
ϣ
˵Դ类ըһ㣬˵ʲôԸˣҪ͵ҵ찡ѵҪϹ۵ķ룿
ԭҲתһٰʮ䣬ž;˸ϹΪֺõôڿӦòģĻĺôΪβҪҷǾ仰ȻѾϹ۽аġ
㣬һöˣҲƽ㷽˵ĺٸ˵Ҳ
Ϲۣ㲻ҪˣɵöˣֻǱѾҪˣħˣûп
ߴ͸ʹ㳡˲ˣ찡ո˵ʲôϹɵöͻƾľֻ㵽ӵжö˰
ɸ˵ʦ֣ȷ򵥰Ӧûвپˣߺߣ
԰꣬ϹǸϺһԸģʱܹ©ͺˣ

ʲô㣬㾹˵ɵľ㣬˵ô
ϻѾ˵ôˣɵľҲǸ
ȵ
ͿϹ۲˳ˣһģ¸Ϊ긾ŮŹС˲ʲô
ߣҽǸ£
Ϲٹܣ㾹ȻҰţ
ڿնӰȣת˲һɫЩ㳡վŵˣɫǾȡ
ʥ壬Ȼʥˣ
Ϲ۵۾ҲǾȣҪ֪ʥͻ嶼Ǻڰ壬ͬ˶û뵽ʥ˲μӣ벻ȴвġ
һȺϹټ˶ΧȥʵǺǿǿҲֻսʮڿնҲǳŽɫ
һɫˮֱӽǰĵûұΧĵˣҲβһ˦˦ʮȥˡ
Ϲһ֮
ųŽȥһȻҲɵһЩӣֻɵȴڵվţܳס
ʵҲֻսһɫȴǲܲԾֵ֮¡һһˮӿ׹
ɵڽɫǰ͸һЦˣȫˤ˹ͷڵϡӴӴĽлţʹ಻ѡ
ʦ֣źǿ
Ǽʱû뵽ƹֹǣҪˡ
ŵûǰæһסˣʱȥԸǽһ
Ϲٻ£
Ϲۺȵ
ϹٻͷһʵȻД磬ɢһɱУ㿴Ǹקĺܶģʳָ͵͵һϹٻȻֱӾʹӿ׹
ͨһ
ʲô
Ϲۺȵ
͵ϮҰ
Ϲٻ
ƨڱļ֮£˭͵Ϯ㣿
Ϲٻַȥû׹ȫ޷ȻֵܶĺûߣһˮϹٻȥ
ģﰡŮôô
Ϲۺȵ
Ϲٻ˵Ҳ֪ôģйһӲܶ
ϹټĳҲϿУ嵹ǿԶҲǼϹٻƨǶܶ϶ǿˣ˼֣
ž
ϹһƴϹٻϣʱˣ㻹˼̰ͼɫҲݣ
ǼҲД磬ǳŽɫȥлɫԭЩԥǵܵƺһĪĽ籣ηˣ
飡
ʲô
Ϲ۲˲۾ȻǼϵȻɣǾȻҲ׹ҿѪƲᡣ
ô£
ôôД綼ûаϹЩվסˣû뵽һʥŮˣȻĴ¶ˣ
̵ĵӵЩϲţʥĹʹ죬Ϲ۵ı
ΣҲվߣȻſһеʩչҲǳϹ˵ϹٹܣϹټЩҲͣˮƽҪͳͬˣǺЦҪ֪һû֮һأҿ㻹ǹԹԵĴ֮λ°ɣĻϣҪˣ
㣬˵ʲô㾹Ȼ˵ΪŮ֮Ϲ۾ͲԶԸ㣡
Ϲۺȵ
ʱ㳡Щԭ֧ϹټҲҿˣǿʳ˭ʵ˭ͳһУȻűֳʵ𺳣λ侲ǳϹɵľ㻹ûгأ֪źεǿʵ
ˣ־ҲճˣЩħѾۼڿճ棬ò˶ʱͻṥǣϹۣҹ
˵


1531 Ƴ
Ļ͸©ϢħѾڳſˣҪѸٽһϹ۸Ͻλ㵱ֱѣ

ϹϵĹ¸¡ϼâ㣬ԭһö˸Űٰǫ㣬ȴû뵽㾹Ȼôߣߣˣϧ
ϹӰһ̨Ӱһվǰ
˵㣬ϹѾִ顯ľ磬Сģ
һˣ
㿴ϹǷŭӣǴһ˿ϷʣϹ˫ƻǿҷ羢ٶȼ죬ת˲ǰžһȴǿϹ۴ߵ˿ֱײǱһƸոϹٻϡ
˶ˤ˸ʺ
ôܣ
жޱ𾪡
Ϲ۴ӵϼзŭޱȣôҲ벻㾹ȻӵǿʵȻһûóȫДҲܵס
ѵѾǡ顯ľˣ
㣬һƣֻóߣ㲻Ҫ⣡
ʵֻǳǿһó߰˷ֻϣЩϹټ巢Ƶ˰İˡ
ϴЦ⣺ôѹץĸоûУϣʮñео

㾹Ȼ˵һλ顯ĸȫδܹаоʵжǿڴţɣ
һǴţ
ﶼ
㣬㣬װɣ᱾֪ôģ
Ϲ˫Ƶи棬ת˲ǳؿڻȥĿһƶվһը֮Ϲ۵ɶ
ѽôôù
ϹٻոֱϹѹȥϱףȫͱϹѹΡ
꣡
СͷϹٻǱҲЦ˳˭ѾĸոôţӦ˰ɡ
ޣ
ϹһѪˮ˵ʲôؿڱȻһƣʹſڵϣ̧ͷһűֱӲȥȵϹۣ֪ҿ긾ŮĲʱһ̣жô
飡
һŰϹ߷ɣžણϹͷͣˣңҴˣҲƶҲǮƣңҸһӦÿŵᡭ
飡
ҲһƻֱӴϹٴ³Ѫ˶㺦ˣʱǾԮһֵĻҵҲôˣ
̵ҲǳϹ¿ˮ㲻䵱
Щԭ֧Ϲټ˶ŵò˵ˣǶϹټҪˣǾһȺǽͷݣʱ֧Ϲ۰
ˣħڳ󣡡
һسǵ˳˽ŵϱһֱѪϹۣͷŵõǻ飬˵ǻ𣿡
һֱӳϹۻȥһϹۻΪҽ
ҿݼ
ɵ
ʦʵ̫סˣŶԵǽʱ򲻳֣ʱ׼ʱˣְ
ǺȻ㲻ǱˣһžͰɵ߿ԺͬûҪڣڶȥ⣬ħȫɱ
ǣ
˶ͷаɡ

ճǳ֮⣬һƬħյģ֮ϵģ֮
ųŵʮͽŹصģŵңȻ֮䣬һִֻǵǰ֣ŵ˫һֱӹ
СǣΪһžܽǵסôٺ٣йصİɣսӳӮ
չһֻɾ֣һʵҲǵִ鼶ðźɫâЩسԱµޣҪħȻռҲǵĹأӳȥڴ֮ǰװıǣǶǰȫӴ
ְǵգһַθĸоֲֳܱ
װıǣҴúðӴ
չתʧ
ЩȫŻ˳Ӳ˲գ찡ħôôģҪô
ҾҪҵľջ
Ƕᶨȵ
ǱߣħȺҲֻһͷĿȫڿУëѪȥʮֲֿ
Ϲ㿴ȥ˷ܰôֿˣ
һޱԸзɧŮź촽˵һֻ߾ǧУҲħͷĿ֮һ
ü㲻Ҫջˣ㲻ϲһ
ħͷĿЦϹ˭֪ϲħȻ㿩
飬ǾͲҪϹ˵㿴Ǹʹı飡
Ц
չһӾȻֱؿڴգʵңǱôϻˣĻҽɵͲ˰ɣ
㣡
Ϊɫ˲ֻѳȥΣĻ쵰ĿˮǶģ
ֵĿˮһɫҺ壬ҲѹְˣٲſڵϷˣΪ֪ȡЦˡ
׼ǰɣ
һƴӺ󷽴˳
ǵڼλͷĿǰǶһ𾴣ˣħѾȫ׼ˣݻٿճǣڽ죡
ʵҲһֻ֩뾫ΣʵѾͻ鼶ɾλʵȺħǿ
˶ĪҲӡ
Ĺؾ鷳Ҫӳȥڱ˵ǵĳǽ磬ҲֻһЦˣһָͷܽ飡
Ӣ䣬ǧأһͳ
λħͷĿƽʱ˵˳
ţǧħҲȵ
ףƺʢ
ǹҺˣͨ죬ǻǣ
˵
ǣ
λħͷĿ˺ֹʲôͨ죬ǣҪװ
٣
ȳһʳָһĨ⣬Ļ˻ָվԶħһ㣺ƣ
ָһħĿΪֱճǳǽǱܳڣΪ˭֪
ճǳǽͭǽһ㣬ǵ棬Ȼûа㷴ӦǮҵˮУˮƮһ¡
ħ۾С˵ôѵˣ
ԲۣϹ˵ҿϲ˧磡
ֵ
ޱΣճǽ绹һǿ󰡣ո治ôţ˵һָ֮ǽҪһ֮ţ˵ȿȣűҪ̽ǽĽˣ׼ˣһƻǱȥ
֮УȻʤȯհ


1532 پħ
ճǳǽڡ
ʦЩħΪܹƳǽĽ磬Ǹ߹Լأ
Сͷ˵
ѾŸǽ֮ڣڳǽϲһ磬ԷλҲƽ⣡
οֻһλ
Դ򿪳ˣ
㵭˵
ǣ
سǵ߽Ŵ򿪣Ŵ򿪵һ˲䣬һǽ֮ϣ顯һ֮󣬱ʧΡ
ɱѽ
ħȺдһ졣
ʱոǺϣǻΪǿһƽŴ򿪵ģȫӴ󷽳˹ȥ
ڿǰŵļ֪ħͷĿϽգţ
ˣŶѾǳȥ𣿡
ȿȣǸ߹ħɱҲҪŵ㣬ǶҪеʣҪһѷĳȥĵƦåк𣿡
ȵ
ǣˣĴ£Ǳضǧһͳ

Ŀǰһ־磬Ķͬ̣еƳزġ
Ӵˣƺأ
˧ˬʵָϹҲͬ˸촽ƣˣ㵱Ż
֮ǰƺϹټϹۣǼһﳤģСӣǰװۣ˧ˣ
ؼǣͦΣᶨϴһĨаЦݣϲģ
ϹЦ
Ϲ㲻Ҫɣ
ߣϹϵıûеòģ
ǿϧŪ󣬻ҪԵϼ죿

Ƕģ㣬Ҷˣ벻ŮˣˣҪǣǶħ
ʦ𣬿ǰĺˣ

ֺֻħһһ˵亹ֱðȻ֪Լ޼ޣûз֣ոħѾΪؼֻǸǻ
ģ
ֹ˻һ̸ʣעʣϹո˵ʲô߹ħǵʣԺҪǰֲĵĻ⣡
֪ˣˣ
λħͷĿͷ
СӣĹأƺ֮ǰҪǿħͳ˧Ǻˣ
֣ǆ£
ȵ
ۣиԣ
ֺͬʱ˵
죬첲յĶ
ȵãСӣȻ˵ԴĻ㡭
Ļû˵꣬ӰƮ˹һȭϣֱӽʹ˻ȫѪ
̫˧ˣŶģҪˣ
Ųܿ˵أҲӰһҪ§ס㣬ȴǱһ߷ɣˤڵ³Ѫһĵ˵Ҿϲˣ
һֱԼǱȽϷһˣû뵽ŵѾڹ͵һ־磬һױȵľ磡
ˣҪɣ
λħͷĿʵп㶼ľȣȫȻû뵽Сӣܹʵ
Ҫ֪пһĴڣʵͲԵֵסġ
û
Ƿֵת˲仯Ϊһֻ޴߲֩룬˸ҫ۵ɫâСӣҿ޳λû˭ܻҵģǵһҲһ
һԴȤ˧磬군ˣ˷ˣҶȲأ
ˣȥɣ
ƺǾ˼㣬߲֩ɫĸ˿ѣ㱻Щ˿͸壬ġ
ϹһԿĴĿģҵøոûж졣
ˣɺ޵Сӣ
ԱŵһҪߵĳ嶯ǶѾˣҪᱻˣǾߣƬҲͣ
СͷǶǿҵģǶһʧġ
ʵϣǳǵ⣬߲֩˿˿ȻܵĽ綼޷ƽ⣬˿ڽ澹Ȼȫˣˣ
ôܣСӣѵҲ磿
߲֩ȵ
ƽˮһ߲߽֩ÿһ߲֩ŵúлһֱӽ߲֩ԭء
мֻڵħͷĿֱһƣֱӽǻɱ
찡㵽жǿʵһƾͽЩͷĿȫնɱ
û߲֩ŵûָ𣡡
̫ˣû뵽һ˱ֵܵǧħ

ҲǵͷӦøɵ飬֮£Ϲۼֱһ࣬ޣ
ͬ˵ȫѾֱͦˣħδй˵ĵָоţ
Ƕ֪ŵġ

˿ǧħҲŵ÷ȫû뵽˾Ȼᱻһܡ
࣬㣬ʲô
ŵᶼҪˣСӿɲ˰ôأݶûˣ᲻֪ʲôжԸԼ
֪𣿡
ңûк£Ǹ߹ħ
ž
һ˹ȥֱӽѪȵĽ統г׻ɱ˶޹գ
ŵٲ˵һţ
ˣôܺأɱ
ЩħˣħԿǰŵðһŵģû뵽Ȼˣ
Ҫ˵ˣǿ󣡡
Ҫɢɱŷˣ࣬㲻Ҫɱңǧŵִ磬һ·ұ֤˻Ҳ̤һ
֮ǰɱЩô㣿ɵЩô㣿
⡭
֪λش
ܰ˶Ķ֣ǿ쳷
ǧħת׼ӴܣҲһƬҲһƬЩֵǡ
Ŵȵ㣬ǰȥնɱЩħ
ˣӲ
ȵ
Ƭ̣ŵ˹ȻЩħӴܳȥײһ͸Ľ磬岻ȥ
һĨɫ棬ڤɵĻħǾıȻһɫ

һƬɫ𺣱ЩħУʹధûУ㻯ΪҽǧħĻȫնɱɾ
찡һȻħȫɱˣʵǿֲ˹
ʵ϶Ѿִ磬ǿ֮ˣ
УԺ󶼲ᱻˣδĴ

תǧħȫʧ沿Ҳȵ㣬㾹ȻҵħȫɱҪͬھҪ֮أ


1533 ټҶ˼
㿴ſģһЦԱô
ôǿħԱܹʱǶҪ⣡
ΪԱˣ
Ц
ƨ
ȵǧħѾɣֻɱף¸ĴۣĻոշһĨ׹⣬ﵱеȫʼͣҪִһޡԱ˭֪ʱһǿȴǴ͸壬ĵȻ֮Ǳסһ㡣
ôܣСӣҵĵô޷ۼ
ȿֲ˹ʵȷȷʵʵѾ޷Աˣ
ҲǸλС˰ɣ
һɫ˲ǰâҫۣžһѪ񵶣
ҲǷһ̣ǿǿǿ־֮ɫѪ񵶵һâնǿĺڵϣ㿪ʼտľѪȥ

ճǳ⣬һƬ֮ɫȫͬһʼǻΪᱻնɱǱҪӴܵģȴ˭֪һ֮ͽǧħȫնɱҿԱ޷ԱʵĤݡ
˶صլԺУϴ󶼲ۺӣΪŰΪϹһȻ㽫ľ׷ײһ˵
ǰǴشӦϹٹĲԣΪòٰն޷ճǱѣǵĹ
ϴ󶼹Ƕˣǽҡ
ﲻ֪Ǽ˵˼ҲһǰϹƶǰӹʱڵʣ
ǼҲǲҷŵĻϾ֪źĹϵͬСɡ
㿴ǹǰޱ飬˵ǿŪһ飬Ҵδ˵Ҫͬ˵ңͬѾҽɢˣ
㲻ǵ죬˭ܵ
Ƕ˵
㵹ûǣħѾɾ뿪ճ֮ұȥϺ֮ٲһ磬ʱеħ޷
㣬Ҫô
ʵ
Ŀǰеľ󲿷߶ڿճǣһ£ļ԰౻ħҲҲֻؽˣԺճǱĳаɣ
˵ţԺǵ̱ͳߣ
ⷬҲǸ˸ѣ󲢲ؽ飬ţȴ൱쵼ߣ
ݼ
ǼλڵϹŵϴ
Ƕ㾹Ȼ˵ˣضѾ˼ȻǰţԶĵ˰ôҲΥľ
ǶŸֻҪǵͷĪҲӡ
ȴ˵㣬ίΣҵ𰡣
û˵лһϹ⣬ǵϹͷȥƬ̣ඥһ㣬龪ϲ㣬㣬⣬ôľȻƬ̳ˣǵһˣ
˷֮Աʧ̬һӣ̵ĵҲΪеˣϲţǵҪˣ
һλĴڣȻõ̵ĵӶİٱҲΪԼʵؽġ
ҪЧ
֪һƽŴДˡ顯ľ磬ҲǷ׷ĽͬʱҲԺ򲻿ɵ˰Ļ֪ôģùϵ벻ĺôȻһ֡
ճǵе飬ҲûоֱӴŽСͷص˻ʥء
ʥصУطɱأʲô£ƽ˵㣬սΣΪôͻˣ
ط壬һ˾նɱħأؽ״ˣ㷽žϺ֮ʱ򣬻һ磬еħҲ޷ˣʥҲٵˮˣ
˵
طɳԾһ˾նɱħ޷㾿ǿһֵز
㲻֪˵ʲôڰ֮ҪǰģһĴڣʵСﰡ
峤ӦðʥˣĻ
ʲô飿
ʵ
㣬֮аʥ壬һӣ˵ҪĶǰ磬㣡
ط˵
ԭ㣬ԭ統еǿ󣬵ʵ磬ԴǸո˵һ֮նɱǧħȻʵطɵ̫࣬Ҳûʲô
о
зŹ⡣
о
аһоԭ˹㽫ɱǱˣһصڰϢҲˣֲãħҵնɱ
˵ұضҪȥһطǶҲһоұã
ϻ׹еоѾĸоˣаеĿƲоЧͬ죬ǱضҪõֵġ
磡
һ㶣ѵҪ뿪ôǺڰ統еƽλأǿޱȣһܵΣô죬ȻƾĴǣҲǱضܹ׻ģǡ
Сͷ˵ʦ㲻Ҫٶ˰ûߣ澭Ҷã
㿼Ƭ̣˵СͷʦǰҪģ㻹ȴڻʥأʱұ㣡
ڰ磬Ҳûȥ˵ǸҪǿĵطСͷȻЩ鷳
˵͸ѹˣСͷο϶ǲȥˣʧ

µգǹ㡣
ʥصеһϪϣĸ¹ϵʣ
ԭϾͻǰ磬ںطɵ˵ǿҪ֮£Ÿ˵ڶ졣
Ѿܾû¹ϴأ
ӵһ˼˼ܶ࣬˼磬˼Ҷ˼˼С㡭˼磬˼ϦÿЩ飬ؿڶһĪǹµδ·ܳ
ҪʵԼĿ꣬ͱŬƺǹ⵱УҶ˼Ӱӣǹ۳ɵҶ˼Ӱӣ㣬һܹص磬Ƕ㣡
ι㣬˵
һ죬ʹԭֵҶ˼ĻӰҲɢΣͷӿһڣ֪ǽԴŭʲô飬ǲҪĻˣ


1534 Ů
һԭҲǹϪ˵ģȴû뵽ᱬȻϼѿôˣѵԼ뵽۾һȦ
㿴ŽһҧҪģҲЩ̣ȻѾѹԼˣ仹˺˽Ϫˮϣ˫̶һޱߣոĺٶ࿴ģȻ֪ûʲôϵ֮ոʧ̬ˣ㲻Ҫѹ
Ӧ㲻Ҫѹɣ
ĽͣҲ֪ģзǰ㲻ĵʧгǰ㣬ۿ㻹Цԭ°ɣҲԣѵģҲʵǸŮ˶Ҫɣ
㿴һ۽ͷѾܳʱûмأ֪ڹúô
ӵгһĨȣҲһ˿ʹǾŮˣţ˵ǵҺ˵Ǹô
Ůˣ
ͷΪѰһʥܣƿգشΨаʵָǰ۷״̬п´ȥ
·ǲǺѣ
ԾǰȻ磬ȴǴδ֪㾹ȻƿյִģȻԭеʵֻǿҲѹڰٶˡ
ѣ·ߣ
˵
Ϊʲô㲻Ըںڰ磬ȻһŮˣȹӣ
˵⻰Щ
Ϊҵģ

˼žԣԺһֱڸ֣ѾܾûһЩ飬䵱еһЩõĻ棬ǿʼ΢ЦŵЩȫɾ
пϣļԣ㲢ûʲôʱǶȻκͷģҲûôࡣ
ι㣬˵Ҫһʶ㣬ߣ㱾Ǻڰˣ˵ǻ᲻һ𣿡
֪أҲʱ㿴Ҳһ
ģһϲģ

ıͷˮ֪˽ټ㼸棬Ͼǲأ
һҹѾݵеʯ֮ϣһʱʯʵСͷʦأ
㣬ʦˣ˵һǵģ
Сͷ˵
ʧ䣬͵ܻݣСͷ⣬΢ĳ


ոյִϣһӰͽȻ֣һļʼ磺˹˯˼ǧ꣬ȻСŮûأ
˹㣬ֻеֵʱŻˣֶĵĻվ˵ڣֻǲݣߵǰ㣬еĽ㲼µİɣǿأҶ޷ȥ
ǲǲ磬ٱħ룬ǻ˵ã
˵
Ͼڴؽ״Ҳ޷һħϮˡ
˹ͷھҪǰ磿
Ȼѵ㻹ϵԧϷˮô
Цǰ˫ֱ˹ɵӰЩҪԴ뷨
㣬·ڷɳȣȥĴ󣡡
ɳȣģɳƺôأ
Ƿĵ̣ʵȻǲҪķֻǣһִֵˣͬĻҲὫ⴫Ŀ˵ģ
ͷҵҪ
ڵģ
˹Сֹ

ɳȣ֮߼ʣɽ֮Уɳ죬ķɳ͸һǿһħǵִᱻˣżһǿҷ羢ħ
ű絶һķ羢һƬȺϣ˲أûģҴˡ
ɳǸľ֮ȣн޳˭޷סɽ֮һǿһķ
Ͳ˹ɽ֮УʹŽҲܹܵǿҵ˵ɳȣȷʵŹ֣ЩȥӦȻ֮û뵽ԽȻλѹ֮ϣڶħʬǣ
˹ͷɳȵȷеĽ֮һ㣬ǾᵥһɳȵģȻˣܹ񽫷ɳȵеķɳȫرգ
ЩɳǷƵģ
ǷķɳǴлģ
˹˵
ԭǷ
ȻǧЧôǿķɳҲϡ档
ʲôˣ
һɽȵлص
ţǺ˹Ҫǰ磡
ţ
㵹û뵽ȻǸӣһӳ£ֹطЩѰζ
û˵ķԸ˭Ҳܿ󣡡
ƺͲ˹Ͻ뿪ɳȡ
ţܷͨڣǰ磬Ҫ飡
УֻλˣûֱӽȨˡΪ
˹ƺ˵ʲôȴǱֹˣӣһ紫ôɱһǲɳȴ̫ãӽˮˣ
㣬Ǻִֵˣ˵Сǲ
纣˹ԣһɽ֮лǿ󣬵ȻҲûܻ㲼µĽ硣
һӰҲͲ˹ǰ֣С׷ӣ˫Ȼһɱɢȴķŭƺܲˬ㣺Сӣûаò˼ҲҪϷ
٣ҾϲϷţ
һЦڷΧת絶ȴûлĽ磬ĵ⺣˹СӣǿʵλҲҵһĸ֣
ˣ㣬תˣתͷҪˣǺúúͷ˵˵ɣ
˹æ˵
ߣ˹Сӽ㣿ҲζôôأȻϲСӣ
ˡ
ȷ˵Ļĳһȥѹ׵˵ģȷȷʵʵּƷţǰˡ
˹ϳһĨɬת˲ʧΣ˵ţҺֻѰˣԶ̸ϲ
ϲǾͶ˵Ʒζôһ뵱꣬ħ׷ʱ۶ûпأСӣģªվߣֻݣСӣôվأҸо񣬵꿴ʻţϣûŻأ
˵ѿ˵
ǲ˹Ҫˣ㶼ЩˣΪ˻ӦĻҲһ͵ľһ̣ǰֱŲ˹֣Ѹײڶ֮˹ȥһǣʹ÷۾Ĵģмֱˣ
ˣ
ǿһŮ


1535 
⾪һǣ㲢ûп̫ã
Ҳֻһ뷨̫Ųǿ𱾵ô˵ô۾㿴
ȻҪЧﵽˣԭأһ˫ӵɴ̫Ҳȴû뵽ħɶϵĺ˹ϲǰƦӣǵģ񿴲ߵˣǳٺÿҲƦӣ
ò˼飬ţ϶氮
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㣡СӣΪ׷˹˲ҷ̫ţҷ磬ýȥ
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ٺһЦΪûдķţұ㲻ܽȥ
⴫ʹʵܹƿ˲µĽ磿
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С̫ţ⴫ϵȷһǿĽ磬磬ƺͨһʥµģ޹أ
Ϭ÷ŶЩӣСӣܿʹʥµĽ磬Ҳ޷ƿģ
ʥ
ٴλһƿһ飬һ⽣Ȼڵط쵱У͸ȥҫۡ
ʥһֱɢŹ⻪ȥնħʥ
ߣƾҲƿʥˣ
Ц̱˼㡣
ٺ٣̫ţ½ƿ۾Ϲ
Сӷƨƿҿ

˲ʱһ⾵⾵ɢɫâڰ֮Уſ⾵۾ٴεɴ󣺡쾵Сӣ㾹Ȼ˵쾵
쾵ȻƽʱûʲôôڼʥʥʱȴǼţƣ쾵ڣʥ޷Ч
ۼ쾵֣ŵҲΪˡ
쾵ҪŹâȴǶˣ׳һֻޱȵĲЦСӣҷ磬ΰɣʹ쾵ҲҪսУ
ʥֻͬڷܵ쾵Ӱ졣
㣬Сģ
˹ǼʶҲǼ
Ƭ̣ǿֱӱ˽ȥЦСӣ˵ҲȥͿ϶ȥɣٺ٣޼ķ羢һشһأҷҪʮ죬ŷҵǸ
ţҺм¸磬ͷŸаɣĻҲˣ
˹һĨȻƺҪͷſս
˹㾹ȻϲСӣߣһλλҪԸңٻȥǧɣ
˹Ҫ֣˿ȴǴ죺̫ţеķ鵹ǲĺأȱٷ飬ұ㽫ˣ
ʲô㾹Ȼҵ飿㻹ҪСӣ
ԴڣҲǷıڣɥʧ˷飬Ȼʵٻλλ
Ҫ֪Щ츳ͨȻԣҪǧ꣬һ硣
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ˣȻû죺˹ϽϹҪҵķ飬ǿɾˣ
Ҳƣεĵط㾹Ȼһ¾ҵһʼģ
˹Ҳ˵㣬㣬ɣ
ȿȣ飬ұ
Сӣ˵ʲôҪ˷飬̫Һƴˣ

СӣҪſϳ
˹˵㣡
СϽո̲ԣӦô㣡
һ񳹵׷ŭˣСӣҪǲҾͶԸţ
䣡
һըд۾һ¾Ȼƿһ󶴣ҲǸܵԼ嵱еһȻѾɢȥˣ
С˷飡
վڷϵǴһĨЦݣһŷôһŲ͵ˣС̫ţ

Ȼ˵һŷ򵥣ѵ֪ҪһŷҲֻλȼô
ðŻ⣬һĳ嶯
˹ŷģһţû°ɣ
Сӣʧȥ˼ǧΪҲŹģ
֣ʵȻ̫Ľ綼޷ơ
ǼǧΪô̫ţ鲻ģС
лһϹ⣬ඥһ㣬Ϲţоڵĵ֮Уӿת˲䣬Լʵλ磬ЩĪ㣬㾹ȻҵʵָˣЩ
Цŵͷ
Ȼ鱻ˣ˵ĵҲûһŷ鵹ҲǺ鷳СӣҲͦ˧ģ
ʵָλһ˲٣βˣ
ǽ磬㲻˰ɣ
ȥɣ쾵ڣʥҲ޷õģ˹ˣϲ㣡
⻰˵ĺ˹һ󣺡ţҺɶϵûأҽ
㶼һˣȻСŮһɬžͲ˵ˣǿȥɣ
̫ţȥ֮ǰһ⣡
ʲô⣿
аΪܹ磿
а飿
һת֧֧˵ҿɲ֪ʲôа飬ǸϽȥɣǺæô
һýҲضǺайϵĻ飬Ҳȷа硣
˽봫У㻹ܿһµģ˵̫ţʱȥߣһɳȼįȥͷҲãȻƹϹã
ȥģ

Ͳ˹Ҳ֪͵˵㲻ô
ֻܵ˲λ磬Ļλֻܵõٻܽ
Ҫ⣿Ҳ˵ڻλ
ǵȻÿһλ񣬶ԼţңǺ񣬻׹ţ񡭡
о˲ӣҲһһͷĵǲȻüͷһ壬ָָԶһ˾Ȼѿӣ׻ƨ¶棬һЩľ򣬵ڲ٣۵˼㣬Ц˹ʲô
񣡡
˹ζΣȷȷһֱ


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ϵϿӣһţڸֲףһź߿һޱȶ׵ȴǴ
˹Ȼֻصǿϲɺأ翴ûбøƯ
ӰֱǰȻǷǲݴԱ˿˼üĿ֮о͸һһҪĳ嶯
Ҫ֪ڤ統УǵǸļһҲΪ㣬ڤľӵҲְ˳١
˹ЩΣҡͷЩҪ£
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ˣ˹֪ħս֮󣬾ǿߣħʧ֪ټ˭Ҳ֪εأ
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˹Ȼ㣬̫ûлصˣڲ֪ȥǸǺã
㻹û˵˵û°˹ȻҪǷ磬Ҳһҵģ㿴ɫλסɣ
㿴ϵЦݣýŶ뵽Сӿ϶ڴŲ˹⡣
ˣȻסģ
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¿üۣ޲ýƤǵ⺣˹Ȼû磬ȴǶӡ̣رħ׷˹δⲨ˹ŮӲͬҲ¶ԺлᣬһҪ˹׷֡
˹λص磬ʣûˣ
лᣬҪգĻѵҪĿŲ˹Сݵ
Ŷõģ統κ⣬ֱӸңضæﵽ׵ģ
ΪȻݣҲɵӣ֪Щ飬̫ļ
Ͳ˹ӰԶҲǴһ˿аЦݣߣСӣȻ椣ƣ

Ⱥڰһ㣬ԣУתٶҲǿϲ٣ķݶþ¾ף˹㣬ÿһλܵ˲λܻһݣҲλ
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ȻǷӣ
ڱǵУݾʵʱ㻹ô͵ϻĹһ޷޳ǌ˿ˣû뵽羹ȻҲһԽǹʣȻĵλǽȻͬġ
ܽһط϶Ҳʲô
㵹ûае뷨߲˹ϾС椿ȥͦġ
飡
һԶһ죬Ҳ˹ȥ
Ľ֪ʲô˫ʮһƴʵ£˭Ҳûκ˭
Ͼ֮ĶԿеսȼĿǰûκĴڡ
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˵λ¹һۿȥҲܹͷľ޽ǣǷλڵִܵλ񣬿Ӧ˵ͷĿ
˴ţһǲ벻ξȻǱҾ¹еȡżν˾֮·˽֪˰ɣ
¹ȵҲڣƺܿ
˵żĸȤѰҲһأ
ħսħǿߣսһ֮ʧΣ˵ܹѰżѰ¹ôûֹҳһˣҷҪѰкι
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¹ȵз˲֪ѵһǵ¶ô
㣡¹񣬻˵ҽôǻ
¹Ц㻹ΪԼܺôߺߣòƽҪһʹ͵ɣ

ȻҪ㿴˹ȴǴǰֱӺ㣡
ʼ磬˹ȻʶǸŮˣз㣬˵Ƿ߱ȷ߶֮⣬òмֿơ
˹ã㾹Ȼص磿
ԭͷϣ׼;¹ƴ˹ĳ֣ǿѹȥ
㣬㣬е飡
ָߵ˵ߵһĵģΪ㿴ĿûٺøУ۵ĳɷֺܴ
ҲҪûʵҲǶȻ޷ϵģڲ˹ϣǶЦʧǧ꣬Ҳȷкܶ½ûб⣬λС˧Ӧõִλɣ
ЦݵзмνȻûȤ֪ʵȫһϵĿ׻
ҲǸЦţûпڡ
ĿⲢδϾǾ¹˵Ҳգɵż͵ȡģҷǸҵȻûе֣ҲԹ˭ɵ˻Ҫ׷ΣҲ㵽ף
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˹ȻֻһλɽʸûУǵħ׷ܾ飬ȴǺ䶯磬ΪˣԺ˹øоѣ¹Ͳ˹ҲЩ飬΢΢ͷαǿСֶŮ˹ˣĻҲҪָ
ߵʱ򣬾¹Ҳ˵˹Ȼ֪λ絽ν£ҪĻ͵¹ң
˹Ҳǵͷл¹æ
㵹û뵽Ⲩ˹統Ȼ̰֮ͼСɫ԰æûʲô¹еûа̰ͼɫ˼ãⲨս¹ĻŶȺܴ
˹ع֮Уһ·ϣͲ˹Ҳͬ㣬һţĵУҲ統еĺҲ
ʵϿѾλ統УҲһǿߣӵһ﹬ʮˡ
ﵱУҲƺȲ˹ĻﵱУ䵱вˣ˵Ҫû˽ǾţƺҲûпܶӵһ𣬻ԼģȻɳµȥ¹͵ȡż


1537 
̸żһŭ˹治֪Ǿ¹ϹǰʲôģȻõżȻóǿɺ޵ļһ
żΨһѰȻĽǾ¹Ҳʡ͵ĵƣûĿĵóѡ
㣬żʲôôҵأ
˹żȻҲܸȤ磬ΪѰ
żһؼ˭Ҳнʲô˼Ƕ֪Ѱ˵Ψһ취
˵
˹Ȼħս鵹һ֪˯˼ǧ֮󷽲ǲ״
Ҳǽ˹ħս֮ȻҲ˯УǱںڰ統еλȴҪѵĶ࣬ż֮Ǳǳˣż㱻¹֣ڶһʼҪƽż޹ö֮ȴżˣ
ǷΪҪأ
㷢ַ˸Ȼ治Ĳ˵ҲֻǷ統ûˣܻܿ᲻ģԾҪٴܷƽżˣǰЩǾ¹ҪżȻҾ֮⣬ʵȥҽȥ͵ȡżϻǱץţ
˹ͷ
ʵ˹Ƕ絽ν£ҷŶˣǷ̫ſǺڰ紫ŵĿߣƺ׷
ûзǽ쾵û޵ģ
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쾵û뵽㾹Ȼӵ˵쾵
ɶ࿴ۣԭͲ˹ģһֱûע㣬˵ʵϵףΪʵãֲ˼ԲŽʵأ˭֪˹Ȼ˵ӵ쾵ӵеʥһֱǹעĺܣ
Եɺϵõİˣ
ǫ˵Էӡ̫ãܾ¹û˵ӦþǺһȣĻȻ䲻˰
Ҫ֪һŮ˾ǰһˣǰǸˣǰǸ˰裡
ܲҿ쾵
ͷʹ֮£쾵ҲǸڿУǷһƺ׷ǰʱ⣬飬ȷԼƶϡ
ҲԼղŵıЩʧ̬˵˹ֻǰ쾵ȹһΣǱܸж
˹ҲǾ÷ŵıԲֹжһ˼ֲҲ£Ҳû˵ʲô
쾵ȷܹƽʥ
ͷҲǾӦǳŷ̫Ųڵʱ͵͵쾵ģĻԷ̫ŵʵӦò׶ԸҪ֪ˣһ飬˵ǵִ磬Ϊˡ֮԰֡޵ľ˰ɣ
֮԰֣
Īɻ
˹͵֮԰أڤ統е֮һ޺ħʵҲ޶ֻƽзͬˣ޵ձ鶼֮ϵʵǵľҲǿ󣡡
ǲȥ֮԰ֵģ
Īȣô֮԰ֶûյ˵ȻΪһЩǿľܹӿλĽȣȻڷλ˵˵ĸЧҪСĶˡ
ȻǣʵϣҲѰ˵ģ
˹ûʲôļƣҲֱӽĿ˵˳
һ΢΢һ˿ɻ㵹ǿףȻЩ⣬˹ɵ椵һֱΪ㣬ûзһ㡣
Ŷ˹ãʲôأ
ˣ
˹˵
ˣ
Ÿɻ󣬹Ǵµˣ
˭֪ںͲ˹ô
˵ټģ

ȵ
˹Ҳû뵽ǺϵҲ³ν£ӦþҪ͵ȡ¹ż
һϬĴ磬߽֮ڣΪСӵ÷ЩҪƿڴˣҪ¶һæ͸ϳأ˹
˹ԭ۾ҲǷųâԵְŸշֿⲻҪˣڲ˹ǰ˸POSS˹û뵽ôԵȻڷĵѹǸ⼸һֱ˵һأû뵽ģ
תʱ򣬻۵㣬һ֌˿ҪϮòϵġ߸˧㣺СӣȰ㻹δԶ㣬Ļһݺһͷϵģ
ֱƣúЩܻ֪λûѧᣬʵĻҵǿԲѧѽУֻҪԹ뿪˹ˣ
˵꣬Ƿֲ˹ͷһֱڶ⣺ôˣ
û뵽㾹ȻˣȻҪЮ㣿
ʲôҸոմСӵģôü
Ī𾪡
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˵ǳˣв㣿
˹ȵ
㣡Сӣʲô취ҵģ
һҪԸĳ嶯û뵽㾹Ȼһ仰˵ò˹ʼˣСӣ湻ݵģ
ǲ˹ѣҲҷѣ㲻ú
ҡͷԸ㣬ϾһλλҲǷԭ
㣬ʲô㻹ôķ﹬ô˵ҲҪӰ
ݺݵһۡ
㵹ǾúЦǸƺڸбͼ˵ݻ飬ﶼͽȻһɱˣСȥĵĺܣǼ߾簡
˹ΪԭҲû׷ȥ
ˣ̸̸°ɣ
û⣬˵ǰ棬£Ǯɲͣ
Ŷʯ˵
ʲôǮլҵżˣֻҪҷõóֵģȫ㣡
ȻΪżʲô׳ȥˣ㲻ֻҪڣ﹬͸δزɰ
լΪһλλһûլ
˵⻰ʱЦƲһ㣺ΪĳЩһҪ°⾧ˣҾ͸ҪˣԳһɣ
Ҫʲô
㶮ã
¶ı顣
ǷƺᣬȻͷӦû⣬ֻҪ͵¹еżҾŬɣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬿һΪոЩƵͷĲ˹ע⵽ϸڣҲĺܣ÷ݵ˹ģıԼ̼ĲС


1538 ֮԰
뿪﹬ʱ򣬻ζĿһۣƺڸ㣬õżⲨ˹ˣ
ǰŸ߳﹬ʱǴףҵżȻҵˣ˹Ҳϲģ
սȭͷȻһ¹ϻȥ䡯һľȫըѿһĻǷˡ

֮ԴȻ̼һȥ͵ȡżϾĿĶһѰ䡣
ҹǼȣѩ£̹ǰĺ籱ͨ˴統УܿϾҪ
˹Լ䵱УǸ㰲һ᷿ҹĻٵʱ㻹ǴӴһ
統˷һһӣֻȥ֮԰նɱȵڷ䵱ĸ졣
֮԰ֵλãҲںͲ˹ĵе֪﹬ǲԶһ·УܿǿһƬûκνĵطһƬڵɭ֣ɭֵζŨӦþ֮԰ֲˡ
֮԰ֵУ֮ϣ޺УЩ޲ڤ統еһΪʳﻥɶԷǶһɫˮҲ統УһҪʳˮܹһУһɫˮܹʹһֻ޻ʮ첻ҪʳκʳȻˮҲʳҲ̺ԪܹΪ
ɫˮ統ֻн׵ˮҪãɫǳģɫˮǿɾָܻΪˣûаɫˮɫˮҲһã
統УɫԽǳˮ̺ҲԽǿ󣬰ɫˮֵߣ¾λɫˮΪɫˮ統е޼֮ɫˮһȴǱ֮ɫˮļֵ֮ǧȻɫˮҲѰ󵽵ı
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ʽ統УҲǽΪݵġ
ѰҰɫˮΪ˵統һųֹɫˮеһɫˮ߼ۣǰƷһڽħս֮ǰɵˣҲ˲Ϊ
ɫˮе̺һλǧΪλ˵Ļضܹλ統УҲġ
ңң
֮ϴһޱȣ㿴˵һۣһ֧˵СڱһȺʯ׷ϣһ˸ǱƵǣ֮£ûУ֮Ǵﴫ˳
Щʯʵǿ󣬴統еλȼѱû취ȱʯס֮ˡ
磬ڵȵȣǽЩʯ֣ȥ㣡
һǹڵ棬˵˶ߣŮһֱĶҲŮμӽ֮԰֣ҲҪҵʱŮ׵ġ
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ҧҪվڼʯֵķ϶пǵӰĵһӶû취ĺѩˣ
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Ǽֻʯ֮ʣ˵ѸٽߣŮӣȻ㱣
лȣ֪մ
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ŮȻûѯ㣬ĿȴҲǿͷöлҽ㣬Ҳ֮԰ģ
СŮӲϼλĺѩĸǡ
δ˵꣬ĺѩǴϼˣǻȥ˰ɣ
˵ŮӵһӸ˵ɽС
Ʋᣬڵĵһʯҵ޷ۼҲᱻʯԭ򣬲ʱеǳϣģϾջûбʯɱھ֮¾ܹţһҸοҪԼеŮĺѩס
ĺѩߣ˫۶Ȼĺѩû£ңҶֲڣ
ĺѩҡҡͷ磬Լ־ǿȻ缰ʱȣܹ
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֪˾һ̣Ҫԣ￴㳤ʲôģȵܵʱѾվǰҲǳͷ磬ҵľ֮ȵƸԭػ౨
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磬֮԰ɱУҲһɣ
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⡭Ҫ϶ã
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ͷҲЩӦһŵеĵӣǰӦҪϲԼʱ䣬ӵ֮԰ֵеɱޣ
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ûоܾҲҪϻط﹬УĻ˹һᵣȥ
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ĺѩ˵磬㲻ҪģҸһܹκģ
ĺѩңҵ״ܵԺҲ޷ۼˣҾһλǱλֱӱɷˣڱʦţ뿪磬֪һڲ˵Ժûл˵ˣ
ЩĿһֱĺѩȻⷬȻǹĺѩġ
λ˵ǲк˼һãȻǲϼȴͿĺѩ˿˵ᱻĺѩܾǳ˵˭Ժ޷ۼ磬ҽκ㣬


1539 ż֣
ϼ˵⻰ͬʱ۾ҲһֱգţȻҪʱȲҪô嶯ĺѩиоٱף˶ôΣΪʲôʱὲȫǲϼкܴĺøУǰӣԲŻô˵ģ㵽ܾܲȻϼû˼㶼û˼
ֵܣҽ
Ƕһ𾪰Ŀ㣬Ҳײϼ˼Ҳû˵ĺѩǺò˵磬԰ɣ
ƣܹó˵ǰ澭ˣֻһѪûֹͨľۼˣƣҪ֣ʮԼܸԭȻЩ˶ѾˣҲû˼ֱܾĳһǽѪͨˡ
ҲԼȻ¶һ״磬ҵĵܾۼˣǶл㣬û뵽Ȼҵﴦƶҽκãҵйˣ
Ҳһȣû뵽㾹ȻҽκǲϼǶĿ࿴벻ֻ˵˵㻹ͨϲϼżı׼ˡ
ĺѩҲǶ࿴㼸ۣЩء
㵹ǲ֪ôĻˣֻεͷа֪ͲϷˣ⼸˿鷳úأ
ҸɺЩ˵ټɽ֮⣬ȴǴһʯֵĺ֮ϼ˵ˣʯַˣ¿ô죬ѾΧڶ֮ˣ
ϼĺѩչ磬˶Ϻɣ
һ˵
ȴ˵ǶȥɣЩʯֽˣ
磬ЩʯֿλʵȺҲ޷Ը
ûµģ
ҡҡͷȻ⼸Ҳ޷ﵽʲôʵҲˣʵȻֻλ磬ʵȴԶԸλ
Щʯ־ǳȺҲ޷ֵסλĺġ
ҲŰЩ˽ʯ֣Ͷ뿪ĻЩһӣȻѰҰɫˮٶȵġ
Ͼ˫ĿĶͬΪԼΪ㣬Ҫָ۷ʵ̲ݻ
Ӱһֱӳɽ
һײĺ˹˳ɽûñǻˣǾȣ̫ǿˣǸ㣬Ȼɽ֮ʯȫնɱˣ
ʲô
ĺѩҲ⣺أôû
֪ǸոճȥǿصʯƬЩûüɱ뿪ˣ
뿪
ϼһǰ˶һĺѩЦϼѵ磿
ȻǷӢ䣬˿Ů˵İӣѩɱңûжأ
ϼ˵
ĺѩҡҡͷȻǺӴʱϾ̫̣أˣĵ̸أ
ûжģ
Ǿˣ
ϼĺѩ˵Ļ

ϣ㶼Ƭ֮԰ֵг֣ҲΪ˱Ⲩ˹Ҫһ֮԰֣춼ڷ﹬ûаѽ֮԰ֵ˼Ҳһֱܷȡ¹еżУûй
֮԰֣ҲִˣȻ֮һ㣬Խ޵ʵԽԽǿɫˮȴûаͷ
һҪѰҵɫˮʵ˲ʱλɱԼ統ָöࡣ
ǺȻɫˮѰ٣ɫˮ㵹ҵ飬ҲȫɣΪȴǲûеǰࡣ
ɫˮܹߵǱΪҲһǧΪɫˮܹΪ
ɫˮֻ飬ٽ֮԰ֵΨ˶Σɫˮһ׷Ŀ꣬ϾװΪ˵ȻҪԼ̫ࡣ
໥ƴɱĻɫˮȴвֵһģʱܹܵĳɽдŻɫˮԸȥ˷ʱȥѰˡ
ϾֻҪҵһɫˮпֵܵʮɫˮ
һϣ֮԰ǽûаʧĸоϾ˲һ˳Ըɫˮܹɡ
ջص﹬һ˷㣬˵ûҰ첻¶żΣ¹Σ죬ѾżõУ
ɹˣ
ϴŨصЦ⣬⼸Ϊżһֱܰ޷ϢϾǾ¹񲢷͵ĵƣ޹ҲΣأλҲǼȥġ
ɣĻаˣûҴˡ
˹ûۿ񣬵֮ǰľٶѾоѶûˡ
˹ĮҲЩСˬΪϢò˹࿴ģȴû뵽ĮаЦߣʱŪϴȥ㻹װ崿
ȻͷĶעϲ˹ڲ˹еǰ촫֮ûعǼѻò˹ģ
õ˹ģֻ÷ȵõ˹ˡ
㣬ȣӦ֮£ܷӦУǲеĻߣżұȥ
ʵ
һ۵ͷĲ˹£ǵͷҴӦȻܹĺˣҷеģ
żóɣ
ã
ͷдӻóһ¾ɵ鼮һżȻż
㣿
˹Ҳ̧ͷÿ߽㣬һ㣬ͺ˲٣㿴һʯϵĳ¾鼮üëһ壬ƺǷ鼮Щ
Ӵҵ˭ˣԭСô㲻Ƕ϶û취õżôٺ٣̼ң¹ΣأҲˣ
ǲŹܹסĻᣬ˵Ҳû¹ȷôôģʵϣҲûȷǲȫ˾¹ߣûеĻǾ¹񻹲Źûй˼ֱ̫࣬Ӿ﹬УϾ˹ջȻ̫ˣ
ǼǧĵȴͻȻЩüĿŹģ
ûĿһֱڶʯϵĳ¾鼮оȵɫŨˡ
̫ˣֶ̫ż˵Щʲôֵεأ
Ȿ¾鼮ÿһҳٰΣΪоżջȴû뵽Ȼûаͷ
Ⲣʲôż
㵭˵


1540 »ʵ
㵱Ȼ¾鼮ϵ֣˵ǿЩֳģ
㣬˵ʲôʶЩ֣
һȡ
ô˵أⲢʲôżԹһ鼮
˵
磿ôܣ㣬㲻ҪҽˣͺڰͱǿһΪˣ˵ʵûдﵽܹƿڰĵزⱾ鼮ôǴӹ
ŵ
٣Сӣ㲻ҪҳˣΪǶǰ׳ô˵һôĻޣ֪ˣ϶Ҫ˹עǲǣ
˵
˹˵ŲҪҽ˵϶Լԭ򣡡
ʵܷīһã
ָһһԶеıīֽ˳ëʣȻѾ̫ûдëˣǺܶĽд˳
д⼸ֺ鼮ϵһģһ
ȣʲô˼
»ֵ䣡
ԭ̫˵ΪϾ˵Ҳûʲô˼Щ»ֵʲôʵһۿ»ֵʱѾȫû뵽ǹĲȵ鼮ʱ򣬷ȷ
»ֵ䣬Сʱжкüܻϴ
˵Ҳ˵ף鼮ڹ統
˵ʲôż
㣬ɱСӵģҪ֪ҺòײŴǾ¹͵ȡģôм٣
·İ
üһ˼״־д鼮֣ͬҪ֪ЩֿɲϵģҪģѡ
ԹģĻм٣
˹˵
üͷ˿Թģ
˵ĻĻͲдˣʲôżʵϾǹ統еһͨ鼮ˣôὫ統С
ͷҲȻˣż޷Ѱ䡣
Ǽ˵ѵ˵Ǽٵģżǧ͵ȡģȻһ˵һĲֵ
˶û
ߣ㣬Ҿľ£㾹Ȼһû˵ֱ𣡡
һֵ
˿̣﹬֮ȴһЩ֮ͣһ˺ȵ㵱Ҿ¹˵Ƿƨôϴοڲ˹ҷһ㾹ȻżߣβκԭҶŹǵģ
Ǿ¹񣡡
ȻҲһΪѾӳ¹ʶΧû뵽Ȼ׷
飡
﹬еĵҲǳŵֵ¹ˣŷҲѸٷ˳ȥ˹˵㣬㲻ȥæô
ٿ»ֵǷʲô죡
˹Ҳǵͷǳȥæˡ
˿ʯϵ»ֵ䣬ӣ¾ɣκر㷭»ֵ䣬ȻҲκƺΪͨһֵ䡣
ûа취ƿڰĽģⱾ»ֵ䣬¾λǿ߸ģһֱΪܹƿŬţ׷ʵ
˵ż¾ڸλһֱ׷žƩܹƿڰĽ磡
ţӦþ˵ģ
»ֵ䣬˿Ҳܹ﹬⣬һӿȻһսսǰ׼
̱ǳ˹
˫ڽ֮УȻˣ¹Լ¹еĵӣȻ¹վλ⼸ʵȥȻǾ¹İ֡
ȺӵУҲԵɺ֮¿֮԰ֵоµǼλŮòĺѩվھ¹
ʱնɱЩʯ֮ľһ֮֮󣬱Щ˼ǲں⼸˶ĿֻǴ˷棬ǶԷ𱻲˹ˣǿɾ湻εģϾ˹ΪҲڷ﹬ġ
䣬㾹ȻָʹҾ¹еȡżҪϵҾ¹񲻻Ź㣡
¹ȵ
̣һˣҪĿ꣬һǺڤٴαսô죿ˣħһ֮صģħ̥ɳڤħ磬ǿɵֵˣ
˵
ǿʶˣѰˣȻΪһ˽㽫żҲضŹ㣡
¹˵ߣҪ֪λҾ¹Ժеĳϣλλǿߣ﹬㣬񣬽սڣ
¹ȻѾŭˣԭ¹統һǿɣһȴǱεƣżͱ͵ˣþ¹µǰֻн﹬統г¹Żˡ
˹Ҫڣ¹˵˹ֶŮ㲻ȰңҲֻܱ֤İȫ
սһ
ڴ˿̣һ¾ɵ鼮ȴǴԶ¹
¹ӹ鼮üͷһ壺ż
Ҳǻͷ˵ĺѩżպãٻȥ
żޱҪѰΨһ𿴾¹ϵĲ䣬ʵϣҲҪҵӦ˵Ҫҵ
Ͼħս֮ħΨһܴȥʧҲҲƵķȥģܹҵǿӣѿ״̬ɵĻϵ£ضΨҶģ
ǣף
ĺѩͷСǳ¾鼮鼮̧ͷʱȴǿԷӪУȻվ㣬ôǷ﹬еˣ
ѩ㿴أ
ϼ˵
磬벻ȻǷ﹬ˣɲʲôöʦ˵ˣ˵ˣ
˵լʺӦòǻˣ
ϾȹȻҲ˵㻵
ȥ
ףѩλ磬ʵսǳҲͷ﹬һս
ĺѩ˵
߼˶Ǻܾĺѩ˵Ϊĺѩһ֮ˣ¹飬ҲԲΥ
üͷ΢΢в²⣺ѩΪԵʲŲȥİɣˣǿǺã
н֣ĺѩô꣬ɲʱ̱ᵶᰮڸϿҪõǰҲû̫İȫУΪͬһ֮£ʼĺѩҲʦŮǰЩԱģ
ЩԱУҲĪЩˣȹŮ˵
¹ֻ΢΢ЩɣûоĺѩĻκβףϾŮڴˣҲⷬʵͷ﹬һսֻҪֳţӦⲻͷѩҪżˣ
ߵͷĿ⵱ȴǿһվں˹Ե㣬˻ظУĺѩһһ̽뷨ڸ׾¹ǰ˵ѡ


1541 
Ӿ¹»ֵĿس̶ȱǲѿ¹ʵҲҪѰټģĻⱾֵ󶯸ɸ﹬
﹬еĵ˹æķϣҲǲ˵¹ⳡսûбҪǵ˴˰ɣ
СӣǺˣʸ
һλϺȵ
ϣ˵꣡
¹˵
˫ҪѰβһЭѰң
㵭˵
仰ֱþ¹Щ㶣СӺĿ⣬ȻͿҵ뷨Ǻˣ
Ҫ֪¹뷨ҲֻгԺеЩϲ֪ˣĺѩ¹ҲҪҵ顣
Ҳ˵¹ԭҲҪҵˣȻһֱڿ˵ңǾϲ⣬İɣ
¹µӰĺѩһȵĿҡͷ˵ҵȷҪҵˣȴʲôģҲҪ磬ֹ
ΪҪƭ񣿡
ֻôһ鼮˭Ҳ޷ƽ⣬οҲȷǷҪѰټǶĵĻǿǺã
ţҲǶ϶¹й˵ЩСһĻĲŹ֡
ȴǾþ¹ⷬЩҲйǣ˵Ҳҷ֮Ŀ£¹ǰһֱṆ̀ڿһֵĿܣ
¹Ȼ˼С
ĺѩ˵ףȻǺͷ﹬ĿһģΪβ֣Ҫ﹬Ǿ¹ҲҪ۵ģ
ѩһ㲻ᷢģ쵹ѵã游׳ıˣ
¹Ц
ŲԶĺѩиѹĺѩΪڷ﹬УŲʦ﹬İɣҪĻˣ
ѩֻǲʦֵѪ
ţðɣŮҺһѰټ֮ǰ飬һʹ
¹˵ȻѰҾ¹Ϊ
ֻҪܼˣҲûʲôϵ
˵
ҲһɣԭڿǴսʱ򣬸ϽߣҲСӵƨ˵żǼٵģ㲻Ҳ壬ΪʲôҪΪ﹬ڷ·תȻⳡսѾûˣҲܼڷߣ׷˹ˡ
ãǼ¹УһѰˣ
¹˵
ϼڿҪ뿪ʱ˸ۣǻͷĺѩЦѩո羹Ȼգ۾Ǻ˼
ǿ˰ɣ
ĺѩЩΣϼϲʣ˼رˣ˵䲻ľ⵱пһۣҲϲԼ
㣬ҲǺܲˣ˿ǱҪž¹㣬ȻתҲǾҪɹ׷ĺѩҪɨϰ

ûд̫˽¹ϾѰ˵Ǿ¹Ϊ˹㣬ԭһֱܲҲǾϾǰǾ¹ȡżûйҲпͣȻ˹Ūϴ飬ɷ׷˹ǻֻ۱ֻ۵ġ
¹ĺѩϼ˰˵ס⣬ϼҲ㵽һ᷿У˵ʱ򣬱Ǽ˵磬֮԰ʧ֮ǿǵأ֣ҲǾ㲻ʲô󰭣ٺ٣Ȼּأ
ŲϼһŤߵģҲ˵Ҳû뵽ǾǾ¹ĵӣԺգ
գҵȻ㰡
ҪûʲôĻȳȥٻ
㼫ҪܿŮˣҪ߶졣
磬䣡
ˣ뵥ߣ

ĺѩķ䣬ӡҲǲ̫ã¹ȡżʱҲǱ׵ץסˣ˭֪쾹Ȼ͵һż͵ȥ﹬ˡ
һ·ϣĺѩģûʱҲǵϷѩã㸸׿ǺøȻƯĹٺ٣統ܹĿɲ࣬ǵƷõһ
ĺѩǲֱţֻŽطǹԲˣĿ⣬ҲӶ
û뵽ĺѩȻ㲻ڽ뷿֮ʱҲҪռĺѩıˣϾҪռ˵ʱ򣬿ǲ˼˭ŮģңҲ϶ĺѩضųȥġ
ĺѩʵҲע⵽Ҳ˲ħצѳȥ˵ص㣬Ǿ¹ǱҸ֪ôѣ
ѩһǲҪᱡ㣿ģ
ͻȻȵ
Դĳ֣ѾоΣķˣû뵽Ȼ˴󵨣ȻᱡĺѩղһĻվԶǿ
ӴСӣˣҪһѩõķӦΪ統еɫǻʵ̫ˣѩóƯҪǱЩɫǻɧžͲˣ
ƨҿһƥɫǰɣ
ô᣿Ŷ˵ɫǰǵӣģģʵϣСҪ˷λ
˵
ȻǾСԴ˿жīˮ˼ɣϾһˣڱõһˬ
ĺѩ˵㣬ĺѩȻǲ̫ţϾȻأҲ˵زҪСίȫ
ͬ㰡˵ĺѩȻǲϲġ
ҲҪҴߣʵʲô֤֤˵
֤ݣ⻹Ҫ֤ݣЩδСëӣǰЩ걱֮Ůǿ֮£ǿжţ
㣬ɺ˼˵飿ⲻ㵱Ľô
ҲҲȻ¹죬Ǿɳ֮£飬ʵϾɣˣ޹˺ڹڷϣͽɱ˴˳𣡡
˵
ģмܺ˵Ŀ״ⱱ֮Ůǿ֮£䶯磬ʵΪΪĨ㣬ǲ⽫Щ״ȫ׵ȥ
ǡ
˵ЩĺѩȴҪתˣһĵˣ
ѩȥ磬ȷʵЩأ
˵
Źµһ㣬Ҳˣû뵽ȴǸŮһСǼȻڱˣߣ챾۾λ֮ŮȣԺ󻹸


1542 ϵ
΢΢һȻû뵽ڲԶ֮
ЦŨ㣬СӵգȻڱ͵
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ㵱ΪԼĨô
ӰһվǰɢһɳȻİʹжСôܱǿƣ˵Ųλʵô
磬㲻ضŭĻǶŵģ
ĺѩ˵
Ҳεͷ
㲢û˵пĿ˿˿⣬Ϊ˱ܿϼ椶ų䣬˭֪ȴһĨҪһﾹȻǿһλŮЩ񹲷ߣҪٲѵԺ󻹲֪ݺ
ŭѩã㲻ỹΪҵĶְɣ
ҡͷһЦ
Ȼλ˵ʵڵģ㱬ʵЩ𾪣ʹûбʤİգ֮ԻţҲŮԣҪӰˡ
Ϊһٲѡ¹ж֣˭ֳ֪ƣĵһƻſը
ɽƷҲǲҴ⣬˫ȭȻʵǿҲλŶԷ޷ס
䣡
һը죬ĺѩȵĿȻһĺȴ˿Ȼվԭ֮ϡ
λȻλЩţһֱɽˮȴû뵽ǿһλ
㣬㵱ҪԸСү
ȵ
Ҿ飬ܸıģ
˵
ãұ֪֪
˫ȭ֮ϾȻ𵭵ɫâһȭףȭɢ⻪ϳЦݣ㣬ҵȭף죬޼᲻ݣϿɲҪҳɼ
ɫݣ˫ƳȭȻֻλЩҲ˲ΪοɫˮʵѸͣһܻҲЩɹ˫ȭ֮ϵȭףûа㵣ģѪ񵶣оҪ֪³
ѩеȭ׿ɲ򵥣ھ¹Уȭ׻һѳȥأ֪ܷ
йʵǲϣӮ˾ǰһ̣ΪϷѩδеŭһ̣ܹѵ㣬˭ߵĺѩ㷽ųֵһ̿ʼѾעء
ģ
ĺѩͷƺİٱ
˿̣͸һɷâ˫ȭһ㣬ȥȭ죬Ҫ˺һ㣬һȭԭΪâӱܿģȭ׵ԵʣȭٱŴһȭȥλûзǼѽסġ
ȴûԤϵ㾹Ȼ˿ûбֳȭȭͷ˹ȥ
ͫ׷ŴҲ˲һĨݾСӣȻ͹ֲˡ
䣡
ȭ֮ɫĹâڸɫâĺѩȵĿһȭĹڵϣȭͷϵȭ״˿ҲȻһȭˡ
ܣֻһλôܻҵȭף
۵ľԼţҲҿȭױĻոһȭҪȥʱֻȭͷ֮ϾһĨɫĵ˫ȭӵʱܹܵɫޱǿǸͲܿʵ
ǣôҲ벻ͨ㾹ӵʵ
ʵԴڤĻ𣬵Ȼں׵ûвоӳ֮£ҲɵһƣҪȻ¡
е𺳸ʧޱȿ־壬ʵ֮ǿĺѩҽûа취Ǻأ
ҼȻ˵Ҫȣһ
ȵ
֣Ӱǳ֣㿴ǰ⼸ˣû֣֮ͣһ飬ۣ뵽Ϳܽˣгʹ໹ʹ࣬ȴǷһƲûɥʧ˵ĳЩܡ
ף
ĺѩ˵
⼸ӰУȻž¹ĺѩͷ˵ҵ˭Ҿ¹д֣ԭһ
Ͳ˹Ҳź;¹һֵģǶû뵽㾹Ȼ֣÷𾪵ǣ㾹Ȼһȭȭ׶ˣҪ֪ȻԼԵеĻӮİպܴ󣬵ҪӮɣǾԲܵģ㣬һֱʵ
㲻͵ôôһ
㿴Ǿ¹һۡ
һСӣ˵Ļܱһ⣬˵ŶǿͣȻ񣬵ϾǾ¹ｫ˸ҷϵˣҾ¹ӻ飿
¹ȷԣԶΧۣΪԼϢѾصĺܺˣû뵽Ǳ㷢ˣСӵҲǿҲǲ뿴ţھ¹֣˭ҪԼʵ
ʹ¹֪ǿ
ۣҲȫȻû뵽Ǿ¹µ¹񵱳ھ¹кǣȻôľҡ
ߣҪӣҺθɣ
һٴ˳ȥǾ¹Ȼһ
˾ҪҲȰ㣬ס֣ϾǾ¹ҲҪ˵Ӱ
˹Ҳǵ㣬ȴû˵˽㣬汻ǼҲˡ
ɱڵ˫Ҳ˵¹ҪҰС̫ˣﶯ֣ûаﰡ
ûܹ㣬¾¹еиҲ޷ֹۣ
ǰһɫƾն˸ɫڳˣһ֪һжųâ
Ѫ񵶣
¹˶ȵȻѾʵǿǾȻû뵽һﾹȻžѪ񵶡
㣬㵱治Ҿ¹ӣ
б±ӱۣ
ȵ˿˿⺮ˣʹһĸܣǾ¹޷ס
ףͼᱡѩ³ȡ
ĺѩĸ׺֮ǸϽ˵
ŮΪʵڣȻ˿̵ĺѩûж롣
ü㾹Ȼõѩ
¹һҲȻȵû뵽ԲģȻͼᱡѩնɱҲΪ
¹һֱȵһţ֮Уǻһֱӻɲٶ֮죬޿ɱܡ
ﱬĽ¹ּС񶼾ɢɡ
壬ϣͷǺ飬ҧҲǷģԺŹ㡣


1543 
һ־磬Ҳ˶ɲ⣬ԭ뱩¶ʵȻ¶˶¶ˣҲûʲô˵ģϾ¹УӦûûв㡣
ӵУ¹񣬷ԼŶѰʵȴǸ̥¹»ֵܱ˳㣬Ƕ˶żкο
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ȷܹдⱾ鼮һģһ
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λױ֮ǰʲôϰˣ
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ڴģǽױ֮ѧᣬͽԼ֣ƿضԷĸоϽױ֮ʱ򣬸ġ
һеа˼룬鹦ΪĺѩһҲûоа㣬ϾҪ׷Ů

ҹĻ١
ûţҪҹɫɳ¹ĺѩȴǴ磡
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ĺѩǿ㣬ҲɺϣߵſڣǿҪߣ˼ܣȻ֪Ҫǰ֮԰֣˵⼸죬ϼǶҪѵѵһ˽֮԰ΣգϣͬУ
Ŀˮûаʣ¹ҫ֮£ůġ
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ĺѩЦգӰһ뿪˾¹
¹棬һȴǴһ˿ЦȻҪȥ֮԰֣ԸҵһЩõĶ
֮԰ֵУһһŮͬУû̫ԣǱ˴˵Ĭȴǳϵĺá
ǿɫˮɵɣȻã
նɱһֻǿޣ޵ĶѨУһɫˮĺѩǾӨͨ͸ĻɫˮЦ֮԰ֶգȴǴδҵһɫˮû뵽쵹ǿˣ磬Ĳô
ȻҵĿǰɫˮ
ͷ
ĺѩûˮСЩֻԼ֪СҸ
ᳵ·ټϺĺѩĬ±룬ûñִԶ
ǰһһƬ𺣣ĺ󣬺һߣ·춼˻档
ѵ֮԰ֵеĻǺ
ĺѩ𾪣˵֮԰ֵУһƬǻ𺣵ΪǺڻĺУһŻ֮ǣ֮һλΪǿޣ֮λҪǿ統УҲֻ˸ҴǺ
溣ֻҴ
һλҪǻ֮Ƿգֵطһ˿Ȥ
磬㲻Ҫȥɣ
Һ뿴֮ǵ׺εǿĺѩȻȥɣ
ȻǽͬУѩԻȥ
ĺѩӰһȻһǺУ⵹΢΢һ㶣׷ȥ
ޱȣУڵо޴Ѹ㵹ãڵЩ޷ĺѩ˲ԶɫЩ԰ףȻڵѾ̫󣬵ȴȻ㣬Ҳûȡ
֣ĺѩļ֮ϣĺѩ屾ܵһǱˣΣУ¶Ҫʩչߣϲްֶ⣬֮һϢ⣬ҲûзΪ
Ҳһ˿аЦȻȵĻ𺣵УһλĹͬУǲռʲôģô
ĺѩڵĺ֮࣬ĻҲֲ֧˶ã㲻Ļ
㻹δ˵꣬ĺѩǵͷ˿̵ɫѾ̫࣬ⶼΪעĺ֮˻Ǻȣˬ죬ȻЩɣû뵽ԭŮУ˵


1544 þ
㣬취ȻأȷʵЧΧĻǺѾڵĺ֮˴󲿷ˣ
˵ƺر˫ֱֱ۲ɾƣҲʱģ˵Ϊ˽Լ֮ʵҲΪ˸ܸܵĺѩģȻĺѩ⣬͸Ӳܽˣ
һ·ǰУǺһЩԵޣЩȻʵǿ󣬵ȴûо㱧ĺѩڻǺС
ǻǺĵشҲΪǿΧȻûзǣѾƶҪȥ
˵ûȤ͵ŻŮػٷУĺѩ̧ͷҲܹ˿̵ɫʹǴΣյشȴûаֵǣȻݵţʼһ߱ȫĺѩСʱھ¹ҲܹǾ¹һδ֮԰նɱվھ¹ʱ򡭡

Χ޵ʹЩ޷ᵽλãȴһҪŻǺĵشȥΪǿҲЩѵص㡣
ֻɫëţͷž޴ĽӳЩţͷǻǺкձޣ
ʵ൱統еλڻǺУǵҲǸǿ
㽫ĺѩѸٱЩţͷѳԽλͲֵܵģĺѩҲ˵磬Щţͷǰһͷޣ
ҲѿԶӿľ޴нô˫˶˸âЩǺеޣҪκʳάֻҪǺвݽߣǱӵ޾
ȻʳҲ˿Ͼ壬ƤģջҲǼ
޴һЩΧԵĳţͷȻŵû˼Զ׼ƬϴЩţͷȫߣ
ţͷ۰Ͱ͵㣬Ҳȫȥǲ뺣ʳ
ĺѩǾ޴Ҳһ⺣ʵλʵǺУˮ磬Ҳ֪ǲĶ֣
ǻʵǶԷʵ̫ˡ
һЩţͷȻȫҪòʵƬУǰ
ͣԭأǴһ˿Ц⣬Ǿ޴ͷǻбϷ˫ðźɫâСӣ֪ƬǺУѾû㼣ô
ûг
Ǻ˵ϵ£ֻ˳ɹǺ
һλһλǸԶŻˣǶλƵǵǿߣ
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˸ǺģǻǺԴȪħͬһʱڵĳǿߣ
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Ҳĵħս֮ʱħѵûսôΪħ֮ս֮ҪڻǺлҪս죬ѵɾΪˣ֮صһڻǺбɱ
ǻ֮ǵźεʵȻа취Ȱսħ
һеɻĪõħ֮սԶеǰ򵥣λǿߣںڰĳǿߣָ۷ʵܷ֮һս
ǧ̤Ǻ֮Ҳǲ뿪ǺһĻǵ磬ܹ֣
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ĺѩֱʵ
ȻǣҪǣαҪôãοСӣһصҶ֪ܷʤ
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Ŀǣ
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ڻ𺣵зڣŻƽϳһ޴УеȫҽһʣȥΪ־壡
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㱳ĺѩȻһԾֱ֮УⲼµĽҲǽЩҽ⣬ĺѩ۾ѾִǺĵ׶ˡ
˵Ǻ֮ǼȵȵĻǺĵصףǼµı䣡
һƬעĺѩĿһıѩأõǺĵ¾ȻڲһƬ磬û̫ȣϾľͬһˣܶصĵطҲ統ˡ
Σһλüˣʼ͸һɭܾԤıص׵羹Ȼûа־ȣҲЩ벻Сѵǰ
Ҫȥ
ûгֱǰȥԽԽЩ̫ԾĺѩҲǸоЩԣǺӰҲǰʧ
⺣ȥˣ
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ĺѩҡͷĪһѵѩ֮Ǽٵģ
ĺѩǿıѩڻԭµĺ𽥱ůͣΧЩɽҲǱһڵðŻĺɫɽΧĳ仯֮죬ĺѩЩԼ۾
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ĺѩͼʹɳλþȴǷ֣ɵöߣطǷɲȥ·߾ǰһȴʼտ粻ȥ
ûõģǻþþлþ淨޷ģ
һʯ֮ϣ˾ÿ¡
磬ڸ
ĺѩͷ֮ͣźӿ룬ҲΪ⣬ѵڻΧĻ
Ȼӣ֮ȴǷɫĻ֮ɫĻֻΪĻ׳˶ˣϵðɫ桭
Ȼǻ֮λþеĻԪȴǼΪʵģһʱ̣Ҳ޷ƽ֮罫ЩԪؾΪУ
Ҫ֪嵱Уڻ˻ħıԴڤĻ𣬶λþеĻܹǿڤĻ˷ܣ
ʧ֪Ǹ㲢û뵽λþУǿڤĻʵǿļ֡

ˣ㾹ȻλþĻȥʵǿĲ٣
ʹеһִˣʼҪΪʹĥλþܹ屾þеĻԪҲûʲôΪӳþУ
Ǻ֮⣬һվһλǰǺ߱˫֣Ǻɫ棬ֻһӰѾֲҿƣ˿־塣


1545 ΪҶ˼
ߺͫĿ䣬֮һڻȥ䲻һֻ˴Сèһɡ
ˣ壬ǲǾΪ˳ư󣿡
ʵ
ư󣿡
ҡͷֻҰĵĻѳưˣ
ѵѵ˵Ŀڰ磿
ֻµһӣħɺͱʶѾ֣ڰ綼ƽˣ
ûشĻҲµİ˾Ųʮʵˣεأ
ħǹִ֮ˣһΪΪִ۷ִһΪ
һ䣺ˣսһ޳ɣ
жЩ˾Ȼħۣ˵֮ۡ
ħ£µλǿߣֻʧںڰ磡
ͽȻһĨЦݣþЧѾ𽥳ˣǽۿԼĵļ尾֮С

ĻԪأϵɫǿңĺѩҲǸоΧƺò̫ˣȻЩԪضҪմˡ
绹УʹҲδа㵣ǣӦѧϰĵط
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ĺѩһѵλþѾԼħƣ
ԭ壬ҲǱϻըˤ̵У㾹Ȼһԣĺѩˡ
Ҫ֪λþУҲֻ취ƻþȥ˿̵״̬ȻѾħţȥĻԻͺ˵ǰ㣬ܵļ尾
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ĺѩһԭҪʹ࣬ȴû뵽մ㣬紥һ
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˿̵ʹ࣬˫۵ֱ¶ĺѩβѣû뵽ˡ
ߣСҪôþ˲µģħУҪܵ尾ο㣬ܼ尾ʱϻδѪѾǼᶨˣֻټᶨҲȻģֻҪλþ͵

㣬Ҫܾ磿
֪˿ھּ尾а취һô
Ц
ĺѩŴ˿ϳֳʹ㣬ҲһãȻ֪룬֪δ㣬˵ǺǼᶨ˿̶ûѪҲ˵ѪˣǱǵֿסˣڱһֱţ磬һҪͰһҪ˷ħ

˿̵һλӰ統С
֪ǻ֮ǲµλþΪԼǼᶨǾԲþܵ۵ģȴǺ˻֮ǵԼ߹Լǣ
λӰгҶ˼ٻӰ֮ʱ˶סˣ
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˵
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ҲǵͷϦǱڵŮˣΪ۸һУ۲ܸҶ˼һҲϲϦģ
ΪȥѰһʥģû뵽Ȼȥ椣
Ҷ˼ϲã˵֪ǰϪ߿ô
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յгһĨӰźӰĳ֣ҲҶ˼ɫ־壺㣬λ㣬УҪɱң
ûκ˿˺ģ
㽫Ҷ˼ҲսѪ񵶣ϮȻҴ⣬۷ʵƿ磬Ҳˣ˿ȻûаܹսʤΪİŮˣҲòս
㣬أ
ڰ磬޷ʹã
ҡͷо˳ҲϵѪ񵶵ĹŻ꣬ҲֻܽСһսĿԣǺܿϧ˵ϵŻ꣬Сɫɫ޷ϵλþеԵʡ
ƴɵһϮӳĵâһ㣬޷Կ䡯һϯȫֱӽײһԡ
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ƴѪ񵶶ţǷҶ˼ԣѾûаѪɫǿѾ׽Ҷ˼ɱ
л׭Ҷ˼嵱УҶ˼Ȼûа仯˵Ҷ˼㲻Ҫ۲ۻȥ磬ȥСʱɳĵط㲻Ĳ۲û㣡
㱧Ҷ˼Ҷ˼ڵһĿݽߣް취ڵķ׭޷ʩչ󣬷ĻǸĴۣҲҪҶ˼Ȼ
Ҷ˼嵱û˰˿Ҳǿ޳ˣŸռİˣ˿ȴҪĿľʹ࣬ǳܹ⡣

쳤ХʼҪǰҶ˼ͲΪҶ˼ġ
ǿҵθУʹ㳹׷һȻֱӻؿڵУһƣٴλԼؿڡ
ۣ
ѪĿ쮳Ѿ׷˷裬ΪҶ˼裡
Ҷ˼Ǳۺ㣬ûϣ
Ǵ˿ԣᷢʱȫѪգ˵Ѫˣ·Ҳһ˲֮顣

绹ǾʾףǸҶ˼ӦþħȻпµţǸ磬ʲôطȻ;ڵ̫Ծȴû뵽ȻͲǵϵ࣡
֮ƺλþзһжָơ
Ŵ˿üͷĻ֮ǣҲ˵ˣ˿Ѿܾ尾ϵУ϶Ѫ׻ܻã


1546 ƽ취
ܻãڿԵʱˣʱͽλþУ
֮Цţ㵹Ҳˣ˵ĻѪ
ͷλСܷʹ͸
㾹ȻͿλȻϲṬаɣ
лˣ

ĺѩļ٣ԭ㵹ڵϣȫȻѪȴû뵽˿ȫѪ
ѪѾִﲻסħļ尾ˣ纣˵ܾܿҪô죬ô죡
ĺѩȻһѪ˵㣬޿κΣʼպһ֣ǾҶ˼
Ҷ˼ϲŮô
ĺѩ²⵽ȻħҩҩҽҶ˼ǸǺã
ҧҧƺ뵽ʲôֱӱ㣬ϵŲֹѪմĺѩɫϣҲûаַУһֱĶﺰ磬ҾҶ˼һֱ԰Ҫֿסħ㲻Ҫ£
ϵѪȻŲֹ
Ǵ˿ʶУȴǷ·һһȻ֮䣬Լ統УܵůԡȫʹѪģƤΧһУǲԶѾҶ˼壬ͽȻ֮ʲô
ţҶ˼ӵ֮԰׵Ͽʼ¶һ˿Ѫɫ㣬û뵽δȫݻңһߣ
ԭӦóЦݵϣȴǾֳһ˿䣬Ҷ˼Ӱߵԣ㻹δ˵һ仰Ҷ˼Ĳϣ˵㣬ôˣȫѪΪҶ˵ô
㣬ô˵㲻ʶôҶ˼Ҷ˼أ
㲻Ҷ˼

ô᣿ҲҶ˼ǻ˭أ㣬Ѿܾûмˣĺ㣡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˼۾гһĨɱоȻֱһƻؿڡ
ûа㷴ӦĻ˿Ҷ˼֮¡
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ΧҲ˲ӻþгʶһǣҲǾסˣ˿̵ĺѩȻ˫ֲϣ嶼ѹϣԴǷļ֮ϣƺ˵ţ㣬Ҷ˼㲻Ҫ֮Ļ
ĺѩļãѹϣȻ޷ܵǰĸʣߣ㶼˫۲ȥƣҪĺѩƣȻ㱾ƺԲġ
֪ڻþУΪĺѩʹŬ۾ƳþĺѩҪ֪һλɫŮѹϵʱҲ˫ۣŮڲģʹԷ㷢ʲôҲûϵܵ˱һλŮѹˬ죬Ǳһλѹ
ĺѩ˵˵ţͷϲûѪˣԭϵѪҲȫʧˣ֪ʲôԭ򣬵ĵѵѾѪѾڻþˣ
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Ҳǲĺѩʲô뷨ŮоûֱӸСܵܵģ㿴۵ĺУ
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վȴǴ㣬Ϊƿ˻þ߳սȥ
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˵
ĺѩȻԺ֮Աǣ˵磬㲻˵Ѿƿ˻þôôǻȥô
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˵㲻ҪļѾ뵽취ƿػþˣ
ĺѩͷзųĹâ
ٴδ㣬˵ƿλþҿˣˣƤӣŮӵİɣĺѩôҪ㳹뿪㣬ҺҸҪһУ
ܸһУ
ȻҺҲǸжΪϲˣϧ
ھ͸ұ죡
ĺѩȵ
죿㣡ֱ̫ˣ
˵
һЦ֮УĪּԪأЩԪصУɫĻ棬ɫıˮɫķɫԼһɫľס
λþҪǴҵȻ屾ħأȻÿһӦһԪأˮףԪأټڵĿ֮Ԫؼϣлƿλþ
˵


1547 ս֮
֮ԼԪأڶ̺࣬Ԫ̫ŵǿŷ飬ҲѾ㹻ﵽҪ֮Ļɽ㽫Ԫ֮ҲֻʣԪˣٴαյ֮У֮ڡ
Ԫȫ忪ʼƺѾλþеĺģĺѩŴ˿̵㣬΢΢Щȣڴſƿλþ
Ԫձȫ۵֮Уֻһȣƣ
λþжտʼѿһ϶г֣ȵҵ֣
ĺѩͷ
ǵ϶ոմ򿪣ǴĺѩֱӴӷ϶д
ĺѩܣȻǻǺ֮ϣϲ磬Ĵλþгˣ
ͷϲûаϲãΪ֪֮Ǿ⸽ܲǿĻþʵȻǲף㻹ûбʤ֮ǵİգ
һĺѩĵС椸һðգȥٷ֮ǰɣ
ĺѩͷǺ֮ϣӰǳǰ㣬ôߣƿλþʹ˶ɣˣΪߵô
ƾ㣬Ҳӱۣ
ȵ
䣡
Ǻ֮ϣȻһɳ죬޴ͷײ㣬ƺҪһͽɱûаη壬Ը⺣ǲ£֮гһɫ棬˵пԴڤĻ𣬾ͲѷʱڤĻƺ׳һ֣ȻѸͣ
۵ڤĻ𣡡
еɫ泯Ǻͷȥ䡯һ޴Ǻһ㣬ͷ·ڤĻ˺һ㣬ֱ׹뺣ס
Ҫ֪⺣޿ӵλʵǺУʵֻǿǿʵȴҲǱһˣ
㣬壬λþʹܵɣֻ£
ŭӺƽﴫѾʾ˵ݣȻǻǺ˻֮ǣֻ㵹û뵽֮ǾȻҲˣ
п壬֮ǻǶþӪݺڤ簡
˵֮ǣӦøеˣĻþȻñ۲У飬ǾԲٳˣ
ߣǿԴСӣǸľҲȷʵŵʵֻڵʵУ΢
һλƯڿС
㿴ϵĺɫ棬ҲܹЩϵΪλʹˣ֮Ǻԣʱʱ̶̿һа
Ȼ֮ڵˣԶ㣬㻹ǲ˵֮ǣΪһɱô
㣬ڵǲ̫Ҫɱ㣬ΪǱʵ̫ˣҪݺڰ磬ͱҪһǿİ֣㣬ȻΪҷǣ
֮˵
̬ȵת䣬ʵЩԾ
϶⵽˻ôģ
ʵϻ֮Ǻڵƣԭ壬Ϊͳ󣬵˭֪ȵгһλǿ߱ʣֱѹƣ֮Žܹһͳʵ֪֮ԶԶΪֻˣڱٶȳ֣ΪԵʣ屻ٵľҪؽ
Ȼ֮ӰѾ£ħ֪٣һеһУû֮ҪưԺڰĿ಻ء
ཨ嶼Ϊ۶ˣȻɱң֮ǣǲԽԽͿˣ
Ц
вһӰˣӻҲͻˣ㣬Ǹ統еĶʵǱ޷ҪɾͰҵĿǰϿͱ˺ֻҪӦңұָʵ
֮˵
һָʵͷҲǲ
㣬Ӧˣ
Ӧã
֮ǻûзӦһɫǴ֮л֮ϴŭҲǻֲײڤĻȻԷɢ
㣬ȻǾԹˣ
ϵ˻ûȫָҲûһսĿܣ
ȵ
֮Ϊ̽ħΪʵջ󣬾ʵǺԵԸ񣬶˵¾Ǿǿߵ˵ҪָָʵҲԻ᲻мһ˵ġ
ʹ嵱УҲֻ͵͵İ㣬ȻºҲܸмʡ
֮ǣͳԲһ뷨Ҳûпܺ
ʹҪնɱ㣬Ҳ׾٣
֮֮лɫǻ֮ǵıǺǿĻ棬Ҳǲ˿ĵоͷųļӳ֣ʹʵ˲һ֮ҲڤĻ
ڤĻǿ벻ǣȻܹһ㣬ֱӽڤĻɵˡ
¡һ죬㵹ɶҪ˵ס
磡
ĺѩ
վҲһɡ
ߺߣ㣬ȻҵǰǲһģҪ֪ǺУҵԴԴϵģս
֮źȵ
֮ҲٴͷУһȻѾܹɱ
䣡
һɫĹâǺ֮ûзȻվԭأʲôСôܵס
Сӣ׵
֮ǵɴ۾
ǹ۵ǲϹ֮ʵӦñ֮ʲϲ٣ƾ㣬ҲҪưڰ磬ǳ룡
ʣ
֮˵Ǹǿһлܵķʲôʸұȣ
ʵϣȷûбǿ󣡡
Ȼ֪ʵʵжУһ֮ԿλǿȥȻûʩչȫȻʱǱܹʩչȫǰλǿͱˡ
֮ʵȻǿҲǱǰλǿһˣȻ֮ǻˣ۷״̬Ժͱһƴ
СӣҪΪҹãھնɱ㣬㻹ҿڳô
֮
Ѿ㳹׼ŭˣеıǻ֮һֱҪɱĶ󣬵һֱûлᣬȻ˵ûбʵǿû֮вˬСӣƾʲôң
ɱ
Ψɱ㣬֮ܽǵͷ֮ޣ
ۣ
ǺףӺƽϷڳǵڤĻˣҲ˴ĻǺŻָʵշУ˭֪Ǿ޴ĺȻһֱ˹ȥ
ĺѩվڲԶ֮ҲǰԾȣΪҲ֮УȻðŨɫâɫâǽǺľ޴յǰԴͷ


1548 ɫˮ
ĺѩǺǾȣ뵽㾹ȻһƽǺӴסҪ֪ٲҲλʵȻһ㱻ס
㣬ʲô
־
СӣԸΪǰҾͲһɱô赲ǰһУ
֮
ˣ㲻ܷҰ
϶֪ôģ
Ц
˲ϱɫ棬ŻֱӸںԭڤĻֱܹӻɱģĲٿ֮£ɫ沢ûжԺκ˺Ȼúһ˿ңǽһףҲʱ־ޣ
һ־
ˣҪҰһ
ɳƵ
͸ɱȻԭŵеĻ֮ȴڿͽȻʧĺѩ˵֮ȥˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ĺѩȵȫû뵽֮ǾȻѡսӣڿ־ôͷųȷֲ£ǺҪϯһ㡣
㣬˻δ׸ԭĻ㷽ͷųһмһˣ
֮ǵӺ״
ȵ֮ǣǱ۱ƻָ֮նɱ㣡
ŵһֱڲ㣬Ƚҷˣ
⺣Ż뽫ĺѩعУߣ治֪֮ǸεȵԽ˵Щģ
ңǳ룬⣬ϴɱҰҸĺѩ񻹲𣿡
ڿУʱпܱɱǿɱ֮£Ҳǳ׷ֻŹ
Ȼ۾΢У鼦һ㣬ȻһǰиŵĺȻ顯һֱӱըˣ޴󣬴ͷβֱը飬ж·𵽴ƯźڵҺ塣
ߣ
ſŷһĻ𾪵ĺѩǳŻȥķȥ
Ǻ˷ڵ֮ϣ˵λþе̫ʱ䣬ۿҪˣҵýͻؾ¹У
ĺѩϾǾ¹Ůǻȥˣ¹ɳѰĺѩͲˡ
ֻ㲻֪ǣ¹ʵǿĺѩ뿪¹ģҲͲϣĺѩܹһЩ
ĺѩͷ㣬ǻ֮ûߣܻɱô
ܣ
ҡͷʵϣͷŵδȫںϣڵľ磬Ҳ⼸ںǺΧԺʹԸǻ֮ǣ
ԡŻǻ֮ǣ
һһɣҲˣҲԲգ
˵
ĺѩ΢΢ͷȴǼ㣬û뵽㿴ȥᣬֻλʵȴնɱԱԼǿĻ֮ǣҲ˿ûаη壬ݵʶĺѩ𺳡
㲽ȴǷŻĺѩ磬ΧƺûʲôǿްΪͣ
ĪŵЦ⣬ǲˣѵ㷢ʲôô
ǻ첻ˣ֮԰ѰôãɫˮȻһ۵ɽУ
㿴ŲԶͰɽ֮Уʶǿ󣬷ҲǱ鲼ܣȴɽиܵһɾ޴ԭ㻹Ϊʲôǿޣϸ̽⣬ȴû󣬺Ȼˮ֮ʯ
ɫˮҲûɹȻд̺ɽ̺ǹǻɫˮʮࡣ
ǰɫˮǺ
ɫˮ
ĺѩзŹ⣺磬ɫˮɽУ
Ҫ֪ɫˮ統һֱһĴڣûɫˮʲôģ統ΨһеУҲ׽ɫˮ˹ۿϾɫˮһУȻǸֻĺѩҲҪۼɫˮʲôģ
ĺѩɽǰ棬Ͱɽ⼸Ҫϲ٣ɽ֮ϲûжޣȻѾȷɫˮɽУȴҲǲ̽ɫˮķλ
Ƭ̣㻹ǾɽеԪȫյҲûκޣ˺һЩ޹
Ͼ޵УҲһЩģɽпɽ֮еһЩֲҪ˺ޣ˺
Ȼĳɱ˲ɱޣҲΡ
ðɫâĺѩ΢΢ˣ˿̣Ϲɽ֮ϣҲûа㾪ȣ·㽫Χļɽȫˣһ㣡
Ͱɽ忪ʼ𶯣һɽʯɽ֮Ϸɽھ𶯣ɽ֮ϵֲҲ𣬾޴ɽƺҪӵصװ
ʯֲڿбķ飬ձ֮УΪ֮
ɽԽԽʯһİ㻹ûпǰɫˮûļȻʶѾ̽ɽǾ;Բܴ
һʯɹ
գʯ֮УһɫĹâһһ鱻ǵİɫʯʹǱڸǣҲŹ⻪
ǽܻᷢģɫˮҲǳأⲻ۵ĵͰɽУȻע⣬Ҳһˣ
һգǾ޴˲ʧɽ¡¡Ҳֹͣɫʯӿƴ
ĺѩǰָǱľʯ磬ǰɫˮ
㽫ʯΧĺȫȥһҫ۵ɫ⻪Ŀˣ˲˵۾ɫˮȷˮͬɫϣױȣ
ĺѩĻɫˮ˳Ա֮£ɫˮȷҫ֡
˵磬㽫ɫˮѩգѩѾǸмˣ콫ɫˮ˰ɣڵ㣬ʵ
ĺѩ֪֮ضȥǺԸ֮ǣڵǻ֮ǻָƣʤ֮ɫˮԣȻҪĺܡ
ҪǣĺѩѾõһɫˮǲ̰ġ
ͷҲû˿˼ɣ棬˫պϣɫ⻪ɫˮеһ㱻ս嵱С
ĺѩǰհɫˮĳҲ뵽ɫˮ׶ֻмһΣÿÿ𣬶ྪΪˣȴܹôĿãܿɫˮĳоǼ
ĺѩϵϹ֮УȻһɫϢӦþǰɫˮ֮Чˡ
ûã˫ӵУһ־ϹƣзŹ⣬˵ɫˮλľ磬һȻյУָо̫ˣоͨ磬ֿһ


1549 ױ֮
ɫˮһ˵ܹǧΪ⻹ֻǱһǱ޴ǧ꣬һΪ޷ưɫˮ˶Ϊ
٣ɫˮûбȫգѾλִλˣ
Ҫ֪λλҪһΪ
ԵĺѩɫˮֱλҲǾȲѣƺԣЩ飬̫ƽĺѩҲûж˵ʲô
峿ʱøϻؾ¹
һĺѩȥʱñҪȥ㵽һ࣬üͷ壺㾹ȻĺѩһǵģӦǽ֮԰֣
ʹֻ֮԰նɱޣʵҲǾˡģ
˾¹ĺѩֻܺһ𵥶ȥ֮԰֣ʹʵǿҲܺĺѩߵô
ȹҵΣҰĺѩ꣬һűˣǲҪںΪĺѩǸĴۣҲҪɱ
ԵͷҲǾ֮أһȥǸǾ¹еҩУгƵĸֶҩ
ҪѰ¹Ľ֮ױ֮
ױ֮˵λⶾҪȻҲǾֵܵױ֮ģ
ɢ֮⣺˵츳ױ֮㣬͵űɱɣ

ߵſڣǿһӰűӣﻹ૵Ҳ֪ȥˣұģǰɨɨ䣬Ӱɣ
䵱֮ˣǲϼ˼Ȼ֪ԲŮŮһֱǲģҪתĺѩʱΡ
磬ҸҪ㣬Ҫȥ
ĺѩδͣƬ̣һЩ飬±㡣
ĺѩϼҲǷеıӣ˳˾ɺϵͬһ֮С
鶼Ծʡ
ϼϸǾϲξӶ࣬ĺѩϼ䵱߳Ҳ˲ȻǶϵΡ
㲻˼һԽŵڹȥĺѩҲԲѣϼû̫࣬ϾŮһסһ֮ڰոѿĽ׶ΣǺѲȥǸ˵Ļģʹǻԡ
磬Ǿ¹Уÿ峿гϽеѣٶȽһ
ĺѩ˵
ϼҲǵͷ磬Ҳд⣬ѩǶҵأ
㱾žܾҲǾúһҲûʲôǱǵͷ˽¹еѵС
֮УǾ¹Ǳ֮ˡ
ǴλʵҲǽΪѱĺѩһͬҲΪм
Ҫ֪ĺѩھ¹ݣòǱǶģҲĺѩΪ
ҩгɹõױ֮޵ģһ߸˵ѩˣֻǿϧѾ˰ӣⱲӶûϣ˰
ȻĺѩݰһֱУ¹УЩܴƽһЩСµУĺѩ˼
üͬڷһ㣬ʹĸоܣ
ĺѩ˵ϣǾ¹ֶһλѧԱӦòɣ
㸸׶Ѿ˵ǸţλλҲ統Уʵһֻǿϧûп
ϵͷ˵㣬㽫ѧԱǵʦ
ʦ
λ¹ѧԱϵĻסû뵽ϾȻһˡ
ֻǲ¹ҪѰ䣬ԳԺеˣҪ㼸֡
ĺѩҲǸЦ⣺磬û뵽ǶҪʦˣ
Ҳû뵽ϻ˿Լ¹ԼѰĻҲˡ
㵹ǲںԷϾĿġ
ȻǵʦȴҲֻǱϼһ̵ĺѩˡ
㵹Ǿ˵ʦְ𣬽еһЩС©˳Ҳм
رǲϼҪˡ
ڲԶ̵ĺѩģзݣǿ̫࣬ǰԸ㡣
ǰҲǲἵ˺ĺѩһʱ򣬵Ǵ㲻㣬ԼŬ㣬ҪϳҲ׵ġ
㣬òʵǱ޷󼰵ģĳ֣Ҳгû˸ϳģ
˳ĺѩߣĺѩı飬ԶǴһЦݵģЦ绨Ҳħӿ

һܿҪȥٽʱ˵Ҽǵÿκǽױ֮ҲǼǵ壬ƺֻˣܹױ֮
ˣˣ
ϣױ֮ѡѧ
һ˵ҳԹҩȡױ֮ж̫ǿҵҿƲ˷ɱ˲ɱˣһڣ
ϣҲ˵ױ֮ƿأҷױ֮
һ˿źҲû˵֮ˣױ֮Ҳ޷ǿ顣
Ҳѡɺһ
ϵͷʧ֮ɫױ֮ԭóһУţúָˣȴû뵽Ѿ˱ʾѧױ֮
һӣҲǼпܺһѡѧ
¹еĽֲ֮֮һȻҲ䵽˵ĵزô
ϣѾױ֮ˣ
˵
Ѿʼױ֮
˫΢УҲڴ
ϣһױ֮Ĺ糿ȥҩױ֮˳
ױ֮ʵҲһС
ĽСı۰֮ϵʱҲΧһ
ҲǳȥܸܵСźǿҵĶԣֲֶױ֮Ȼ
ƺԼ⵹Ǹ鷳¶
㵹ΪĺѩԼˬģϾ֮ΪŮ˴ֵ飬ຣȥˣ㲢ĺѩ֮ûʲô
Ѿ۰֮ѪۼѾܹΪһ壬ֻҪٿ磬ױ֮ʵһΣ
˵
Ҳǿĸ첲ϣиɫĺۼµѪۼ
ϣȻױ֮ȴǿûж֮ˣ;УҲǰٰãȻ֪ܷ񶷵㵼ʦѵָױ֮ô
˵


1550 ̫
Ҫʵױ֮ĳɹ
Ҳò˶Ҫ֪ױ֮ɲƿأвŪɳ׾
ĵʦȻҪ
Уױ֮ʱж̣ȫƿеİв㵼ʦΣգ
ҡҡͷ
ϣ㲻㵼ʦ֮ױ֮ĻôָҰɣ
˵
ȻΪױ֮ΪҪɱôǰôõĻܹɱ㣬ΪβãһˣҲԹͷϡ
ɫЩǣҲ֪ϼһﶨȻǲҵںԼУϾױ֮Ҳ޷סġ
ãҽ󣡡
˵
磬㲻Ҫܰױ֮ɲ򵥣λɱǸ˭ʲô˼û¶磿
ϼ
ҿûκˣҪģһˣȻ㵼ʦӦˣдǣϼڴ֮ͥ£˵Ϊ㵼ʦñƺ۵ǣǿ˵ɣ
ǣ˭֮԰־ȵ㣬û뵽֮ˣҺĺѩ֮ǰٰ㣡
ߣڿ㲻кñģ

վԭأϼÿϼûἰĺѩãһἰĺѩҪըһ㣬Ƥƶ£󲽳ȥ
ĿĮ̺֮ͫɱ⣬ǰԭҪ˵Щʲôģȴû뵽ȴ۾һЦ˵ûдˣ߰ɣ
㾹ȻȻѵ֪ױ֮
ԭΪٻһ˿־壬ǴĿ⵱УƺǺǰ㵭ԱиǿЩ
ǰӰĿʧ䣬ѵⱲӾעǰˣ
磬Ҫʧˣʱ򣬾ĺѩңҲҪʱ䣬ʱܸıһеģ
ѵУһ䳡أķΣÿһŽػֻҪеƻ̫󣬳ǲᱻƻġ
ûֹһд衯Ͼֹд裬鷳ǳϣɲλѧԱǰʧӣе㣬˵㣬ױ֮ޱǿ󣬴ͷʱǧҪܿĻֱ֮µģ
㣬ûҪΪЩ飬ǲҪֵ̫ĺã
ϻô꣬᲻˼Ǽĺѩߵýۺ켵ôڵˣΪŮҪҪģĺѩ統ѵõĲŮΪ񣬵Ҳ
ĺѩôȰȰױ֮Ǽвͻģ
ϼţӦòµģ
ĺѩ˵
ǼʶλʵڻǺ֮Ͻ֮ܵĳ֮հɫˮʵǽλױ֮ȻܶԸλҪԸ㣬»Զ
ĺѩŲһġ
Ϊ߷·ǱһƵãڴ֮ͥ¾ȻҪԣһþ¹ŵĽױ֮
ʲô̼Ҫ֪㻹ȹأ
֪ǣԼⳡԵҪأȻĺѩƽһֻǶԶŮ˽飬û˿ᣬԼİ⣬Ҳ

䳡֮УĿ棬۹ȣÿһ񾭶㲻¹ĵӣһλܹλǿߣԸ㣬аи
Ҳܴ̼ʩչԽʵ
㵼ʦȹңȻмд裬޷Ԥ֮£䳡صкˣ飬κμƽϣҲˣ
Ҫɱң
˵
ɱʦˣıֻд裬ðʦ֮⣡
ðɣǾͿʼɣ
ҪƱ磬Ҳټϻȥԭǲģβ鷳´λǻԸģˣξͽˣʡԺɻ
㵼ʦСˣ
һˮ磬һ磬һὣ֮УһĽƱŷ˫ð⣬Ӱһг˳ȥһĽƻ᳤硣
ǵȴĽ綼޷Ƴ䶼δմ˵㻹ʩչױ֮ɣ̶ֳȵĽƣҲ˷ʱ䣡
ϣ
һĻҲеԭʩչΪ˶Ŀֱʩչױ֮˻Ը㣬ȻʶˣҲͲˡ
ųˣױ֮¾Ҫʩչˣ
鷳ˣѾڣľ׶׵統ко綾һ׵Уɣ

ֱ۵˳Ҫ߱ɱһ㣬ͷڲͣţƺڵȴ
㣬˵أҲҪԹҡߣ
ڳ֣Сͷųȥױ֮Ҫÿ콫ĳգ׶Ҳױ֮Դ
Ʊػʵˣǰûѡױ֮ʵҲһĿǣǱʵûҪǩԼÿιĳ
ûа취ѧױ֮޷ɱ㣬޷ɱ㣬ĺѩҪߣ
ûѡ
ۿԽƽ㣬ͷ֮䣬żζѸײڶ֮ưɫ׵磬˫ȭսһţСӣȻ˿ױ֮ܲ㵽̫ƽ䣬ɱԹңһжҵģ
䣡
Ǻɫ׵ȷȷʵʵ㣬һ̣ȴȻķ֣Ǻɫ׵磬ƺƺյˣ
գ
ǵģǿǺɫ׵类յģҪӿȴҲǱһӴסֱӱ壡
ʧ
ͣ
ѪҲһѪܣ㣬㲻գǽźںϵģ⡭ܣ
һˣΪжôǿأǵ׵֮ҶԸˣ
ҡҡͷյûиӶ֮ԭΪ׵أеĶԣǱں׵УҲǿ˲١
һıƽȵ㣬㣬û뵽˴Ļǣױ֮ǲܻɱ㣬ң


1551 ¹ļƻ
㲻
ԣҲƾʲô㣬ƾʲô
ƾʲôĺѩǴЦȴǲ䲻ȣ
ƾʲôһжƾʲô


˾ȡ
ʲôȻΪĺѩźģĿľҪɱ㣡
⡭ص̫˰ɣ֪˶أ

ĺѩҲһȣʲô羹ȻΪҲźԵģȻϲң
ϼҲ˵ѩû뵽㾹Ȼϲ磬ߣ֪ҵ˼ģһ㵱õĽã
ϼûа
ĺѩҪͣǴ˿̲ϼѾ߿ˣĺѩЩĪȻкøУҲֻǾˣ̫ܣĺѩԼЩĶԶﲻΪĵزû뵽һͬõĲϼȻ뿪
񣬴ûкԼôƢɣ

ǣǶûϲĺѩӼĺѩһϲˣһֱҽЩ˵ΪĺѩǾ¹ŮǸ߸ϵĹʲôǣûʸĺѩһ𣡡
ǣⲻʾҲĺѩһ룬ÿ춼źĺѩ˵ϲ֪ʵСҲֻλȵλźĺѩס
˵꣬Զһֱӻؿڣ߱ٴ³Ѫ
ױ֮Ϊ˶ԸҾ¹ĹȻϲŮô꣬ߣҪıŮ˽飬ɲӦÿǵģ
һӰǰվſѪǰǾ¹ˣ¹
˵ҲûʵãǶȻѩһģ¾ﵽλʵҲУ
仰ӵһз˫ش
ˣļʵ̫ǿʵǿ󣬿¾ҪɱߣĻҾ¹ǳױˣ
¹ȵ㷸´Ҫնɱ㣬Чȣ
Чȣ
˶û뵽¹ҪԳɱ
¹Ҫ֣ȴ˵¹ﲻ
ʲô㣬㣬㻹˵ﲻ
֮ǰϽһ˵Ļϧ˵ĻҵǾΪŤˣ
˵
ԭΪֻΪĺѩҪԸ㣬ȴû뵽Ѿĺѩ꣬飬ĳ֣Ȼ⣬λãҲܻܿԸġ
ֻʵ̫ɵˣɵĿɰȻҪɱ㣬ֻʵһӶһ㡣
ף㲻Ҫɱ磬ѩ㷢ѩ⣬ҾͻԶˣ֮ҲͲˣ
ĺѩ˵
ĺѩ
ſڵϵѪģĿŬѰҵĺѩӰ
ѩ뷨ȷģڵʵ̫Զ̸˵ʱŬδΨһĳ·
¹˵ʩչױ֮δգʹıܵ˺һս֮ΪضٱտѩΪ飬ұ㽫Ҿ¹ĵӣ
˵꣬¹ӰһʧȺ֮С
ǵ֮潫ʦˣҲܱȽնɱúã
ϾˣһжûˣֻҪû˾ʣĻᡣ
û䳡ؾô֮뿪ˡ
ϵʱ򣬺˹ͷ㱻¹뵽鷿С
㣬˵ڱ䳡صУǰأ¹еĽױ֮յˣСӣʲôãô
޵
ڱ䳡صб֮£ʹķзͲ˹֪ܲ
˹ûже̫ľȣȴǶĺѩżΪ⣡
֮£ĺѩ֮ҲǱ˳
涼ţΪ˾¹Ůĺѩ¹еģ
Կη˹Ȼ⡣
˹¶
㵹ǺĻŮˣĺܣʵǶٰĮ֪ʵǿܶ࣬ŶЦӭ֮
ټϣòʵǶԲڣ͸Ӳˡ
ҲǸܵĮҲǺڵÿ㡣
Ƕˣ
¹ҲǴ˳
˶ǵͷ
ͨҺ;¹ԺλһѾЩͷ
¹Ƕȥʵȥˣ
¹񣬺Լã
˵
𰸾żϣ˵żǹ֮ⶫʵ޷õģںڰ統УҲֻǾǿ߲ſӵеģ
¹˵ԣżҪǣҪȥ׷ǿʵƿڰĽ磬ִ磡
еôһʼû뵽أżûзʲôԭȥ׷Ѱߵľˣ
Ȼ˵
ҲǵͷʵϣͲ²⵽Ķ¹뵽㣬Ҳǲ
ʵΪȥ
ֻ֮԰֣
¹˵֮԰ֵһЩȻޣʵǿ󣬹ҲǾǿ߸ɣ
Ȼޣ
˫ĿȻ֮԰ֵǾƱҪǺǻ֮ǵĵ̣ոմһ˰ɫˮΪָ٣ȥʰǻ֮ǡ
ǣ֮԰ֵѴ
УҪɹǺ֮ʲôֲطҲǲΪǻǺЩ֮԰ȥԶĵط
¹˵
˵¹ǻǺҲ֪֮ǵĵ̣ʵħʵǿԶЩܶԸģƺδػְɣϾȥǺɲȥŭģ
Ҳģǻ֮ǶԸǣǿɾΣˣ
ʱȫ˻ǣ

ȴǰ˵棬ǻ֮ȫ˻زŹ֡
㣬ô
û
˵
ãǾˣ²˳٣Ǳ̣
¹˵

뿪ݣ˹¶˵Ǻ㵥һЩҲǼٺ㵥һ
㣡
ţСңұף
˵
ߣЩ㶼ûеҹң㻹ҪҺףΰɣ
ôһζСڤ統ΨһӣȹϵҪȥ㣿
ֻȨ֮ƣ棡
˹Ȼ˵ȴ룬Ƕǵġ
ʲô棿ô
˹ûش㣬ȴǱݺݵĶˣ⻹㣬˹ܵŮصĵط֮һʥŮϾȻ˫ץţ£
㣬ɫߣ


1552 
ΧûˣϷ˲˹һ󣬱ɿˣݵĲ˹ڣ˵СҪ㣬ûкˣ˶ʱʵǷŲֽţ
㣡
˹֮оһˮ㾹Ȼռ˱˻ԣʱҪȰܿǵˮžһˮֱӻľ֮ϣǲ˹ʵľĽ磬¾Ҫʹȶˡ
˴ҲǿҪߵ㷿ſڣԶһӰȴǽߵУӰʱ򱻾¹˵ϵ˿ȻûлָϱƺѾ뿪¹
ô
Щֱ㣬˵㣬ͨˣԼǲᶨħƣ̫ǿҪԸ㡭ǵûɱңʦ飬ĺѩȵã
֮ǻȥˣƺ䳡֮ϣеһж˵֮ͷ·ͨһ㣬ԭе᳹ͨҲԼ
һΣһ֮԰֣ҲȣҲŽһڣǰһ
㣬Ҹͷ
飡
ûֹǹ¿ͷ
ȫûʹ˹ĶͷĳѪ
㲻ҪлңҪллԼЩ˵Ҳ˿ݣЩУĻԼ̹̹󷽷Ľ
㵭˵
ȷ񣬽ڲжϲ¶ҲȻһҪɱԼ֮ˡ
ͷѾͨ֪鲻ǿĺѩֻǽҵһѰˣȻıĺѩϲҲٸɳȻ֮£
˵㣬кܣ¹УֻĺѩǽһĻҲףˣҽ뿪¹
˵꣬ת߿
оԱһĮĿ⿴Լ˵ҿɺĺѩûʲôϸ˵ǰ㳯ĺĵô
ߣϲĺѩ¶ʲôϵ
˹Ҳ߿ˡ
صӣʯ֮ϣ˫΢գϣǿɫˮĺô
һɫˮһΪǶ༸Ļۻָ۷ʵҪһЩˣ
ֻ磬ĿǰΪֹųɫˮһ鱻գһаڷţһǱˣ
ɫˮȻѰң
˫ͽȻзŹ⣺мȻһɫˮΪα۲ΪУ
ǰɫˮڷҲǰڷţ˱ۣڻϣ̣һҹʱ䣬˷Ͷ֣
ʯֱӳž¹ȥ

¹﹬ǼǿرǾ¹Ժżλǿλκɶ׵¹
ݣݣݣ
һӰӹһ˵УΪǰɫˮİɣ
ȻĻеУʲôҾ¹۵Ķɫˮ죬Ҳһ˵ģе˿Ϲˣǲǽɫˮߣ
ã߱ǣ⼸ϹͷѾܾûгˣҪд֣͵ȥ֮԰ֵˣ
ֻɫˮڻǺܺǻ֮ƴͷΪǻ֮ǣҪѣߣثֵΪҾ¹ǾҪ֮԰ѰҵټȻ󡭡
¹˫ںҹУɭޱȡ

С
ֻΨһУϹȱϹ磬ҲΪӴļ壬Ǿ¹
ΪϹĹϵдӽûгһӡ
ûĸ۵ɻǸ˸
¹Ҫλǿ߽֮԰֣ĿǰʵѶɹǺѰıؾ֮·
Ψаɫˮǵʵ
֮󣬶ɹǺҵлطסҪ˵磬ڰ綼Ҿ¹ģ
з飬ǿߵĴ˵ˣ
ϹΣ˽ʲôǣ
¹⣬һֱӴ˽ȥˡ
ſλλҲǳž¹񹧾ͷ¹񣡡
ǵǿ¹ǲмҲĪȣʱ򣬾¹ǶϹ൱أѵ鲻ô
еĲԶҲǰž¹˽ȥа¹żλԺĸֽȥȻбУþ¹еĶֻаɫˮ
ҪӲ¹Ҳûʸͱɫˮ
û̫࣬󲽳ȥ
վסǺˣ
ʲôʸڣ
λʸȥȻһЩɵţҲܹ룡
ߣλܽȥλȴ￴أЦ󷽣
ȵܲϰ˫۾Ҫ֪ž¹ĮˣҲа㲻ȴ赲㣬ҷŵĲʹ죿
Сӣ֪еĺ̨˭Ϲ֪ôҰ
ÿ
üëһϱһɼǿƣ壬λƺҪ㽲ʲôλһΣҵˡ
˶һۣƺܹǿơ
㣬㵽Ǻˣ

ٲҵǰóһ·
ҲΧô룬㾶ֱ˽ȥ
찡ȥˣǳʲô죿
ܳʲô飿ոձƣϹ϶˾λʵ
Ǿͺãԭİ˽лҪڱϲʵСӵʡһ
רŲ൱ӣ˵ҲҪʮӣȻҲԸ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼһ˵еλǸɵ֪λ֮µûȥϲҲкܳһʱûвԹˡ
екܴ㣬һǸɵλĵط˵Ҳʮˣ㻷ܣûҵ¹Ӱ֪ȥδ
˵кüƷҪǡǹҪ
⡮ǹһʥˣǳǡǹģ
ǻİɣû¹ѾˣǱȻҲΪǡǹģ

ЩۣҲҡͷǾ¹Ϊ˰ɫˮǡǹӦûûҪþ¹żλһ
ǼλϣӵűȾ¹ҪǿΪ
¹ϹĽڶ¥ˣ
˾


1553 ˮ
ΪʵûнʶųȥУʵǾûбҪͷʶҲҪģĿǰʵֻҪǻ֮ȼλǿߣ˶ڻ¡
һ۶¥¹һλ˲վţ˲ߣȲ˵ӭλУʹԣȻϹĽϲǣ¹ҲУѾǵķλϹĽһӣ¹翴еķҪ̧Σ
Ϲϵ˵ЦˣԵȤˣΪеǹĺðɣ
¹˵
ȴҿаɫˮҲֱӸҵĻֺαش¶ԸϹ塣
ãˣȽϹ֮ɫˮóλͰɣ
ϹĽ˵ɫˮ̺Ӵܱ֮ߣҲܸܵڵתѸ٣Ҳλеĸɣ
㿴ΧȺ˶ɫˮҪ֣϶һĪļǵв˽϶ǻ飬ɫˮһֱеУаҲֲǲʧ
¥֮ϣ߳һλˣҲżǿСһú첼ڵ壬ĳ֣ҲΪ֮һ
ɫˮ
ҹȻܵڵתѸ٣

¹;¹ļλ϶첼壬ԼѷֵĿһۣûд˿̾ͳȥ˼
ϾϹķʶǿǴ˿ȥᣬ¼ѵ֣
ȵ뵽߳ʱٶ֣һ֣
⣬Ϲ֮ɫˮֻҪǵڶǣڣҽڶգԹλ
ϹĽһһǺ첼ֱӷϿУֱĶˡ
һ⻪ɢ¶˶ֳĿ״ԡһ㡣
ϹĽԭʱ̣˶һޱˬ죬ÿһζˣһȺ޴İ׳գɫˮİڷ֮У
߿ʱȴǾˣСӣ᲻ô˻ѵʲôˣܣ첼ŵҲһӿķСӿֻǵһν𺳵Уһġ
ϹĽʱЩģǿóһ̣֪ǲǰɫˮҪ֪ɫˮչһģ̺û˻
ΧЩĿλҲһЦЩ˶һֱİɫˮʵҲֻһٶȵķΪԼٶȼӿܶ࣬Ҳðˣ
Ҫͷʶ֪̽ǰɫˮľλã
а

ûãϹĽ˵ðɣʱҲˣͿʼɣᵱУλΪĵҩ޵ľˣصĪǰЩ죬Ҽ峤ڱȵھһǹǹ˳磬磬ԱɣȻΪʥʵǹпӵʥ
Ǹ˺ǹҲǱϹ˳㿴һۣǹֱǹɢ֮ʹе¶ȶȻ½ΧλǿߣҲں¶ȵı仯
Ǹ˺ǹ
аСǼһ˯УûйŻѪ񵶣Ȼǰĺǹʹ
ҲǶ˺ǹͷ⺮ǹеĺҲȷʺ㡣
ϾڣϺ˺ڰ󲿷ֵԪأ

統УҲǻʹýƱġ
ҲŽƱУһ㡣
ûЩƱҲһ¥ۿϾǺǹѹģȻ̫ˡ
ʶУҲ̽⵽ɫˮ䣬ȻϹĽŵأ˼ǿĽ赲ϢɢȥǱҵˡ
ɫˮУȴڶ¥ķ䵱У
һĵ뿪˴
м󣬴˿˵עһһķ֮ϣȥע㡣
϶¥¥ݣҲ˰أȥȴǿһϤӰĺѩ
һɫȹҲǱİ˳㣬ҲǾȣ˶һۣ˵̫㡣
϶¥һˣ෿䣬ĺѩҲһû˵ķȥˡ
磬˵ôˣ㸸Ӧò֪ɣ
͵׺ͼλϵ̸Ÿ磬㲻ҲΪǡ
ĺѩ²ûгװѻ˵꣬һ㲻Ϊ˰ɫˮǲǽǵĿı¶˳ô
ɫˮɣ
Ҫ᣿
ĺѩʵ
ɫˮұص֮ڣȰ㸸ֻü
ԭҲܲĺѩܽУϾſڿۿ˵͵ĶȻ¹ϹĽӣΪŮ¾λУû˸˵ʲô
ˣҸѲȫ֣ң׾飬ģҲ޷ֹ
㸸ҪСˣİɫˮǼٵģİɫˮ¥֮У
˵
ʲô磬˵棿
ĺѩһ˿ɣǵľ¹ΣգϾɫˮȻѣ
ȻֻλǺ͸빲ܹģ
οСɥĸ͸ΪҲ׿øأ
һ˵ҲǷ
ɫˮ㿴յģ̺ޱȣֻһķˣ㵱ΪϹĽ콫ɫˮóҫ
ʮװƵĵһҪ֪ҿûƭŮӵǰأ
磬㣬ھȥ߸ף
ĺѩ˵
ĺѩ뿪ʱıӰҲǰҲȥðɫˮˣ
ʶ̽ĺܾȷɫˮ䷿ʮ׵һ䷿䵱С
ܶûһˣ棬ȴλλǿߣʵףȻϹĽɫˮġ
Ϲʵ̫Сˣÿһʱ˶ɫˮСã
ȷЩһȺͰŵļδʶƹɫˮȴǱֽţֻ΢ϢǼʹɫˮҲûõһ˿ĺô
ֻʱ䣬Ҳһ㣡
˶˽
ﾡ㰵Цñ۰ǰĿذɣ

űƿ˶ȵĿһۣһ˻˵Ǻˣڴߴ˷ɣ


1554 ѡ
ᣬÿ¿չһΣÿζذɫˮ
̵УȻҲ˴򿪹䣬֮١
ԣƿŽʱֻ΢΢һûкܴӦ
ðɫˮģ
㵭˵
ʲôɫˮɫˮô
˻ǽΪ򶨣Ȼ֮ţѾЩϾٷ֮ʮλǶǼģ
δ
ǼٻĲģ
ʼ硣
СӣȻҲ֪ߣ
⻹ǵһʶܣ㵹ǴԽǴˣԽ죬λλǿ֣ܿͻģ
ֻǣ
㲻м˵
˶˫ƣ֮żǿ˶Ϲĳϣͬһȭ׻ƣ֮У֮з·澪ױŷĿⶾô㶨ȻԼ£СӣΪĴ۰ɣ
ž
ûһͬʱؿڣԼβҲ֪ΪҪβҲƽʱսʽģҲ̫ˣԸˣβ
ϣ׻ð˳Ȼһ̣һǿ⣬ֱӽ𿪣
䣡
˵ײǽϣ粼˽磬Χķ䣬Ҫ׺飡
ۣ
ۣ
ۣ
˽ѪھϣҪָȻѣɫ԰ף㣬㵽˭ôǿʵ
ǲҪ֪ˣ
лڤĻҲ˲仯Ϊҽ
ɱˣĿһתʯϰڷһ壬ŽɫֽŰţɢ΢ɫâȻɼ
˵ĽֽڰɫˮĽֻֽǿϧɫˮ֮ССֽҲ޷ȫ赲еϢĻ˲Ϊ
иһĨϹ⣬ֽܹڰɫˮϢżǿĹԣͼͰɫˮ룬ֽǻᱬǿ
һλԱ
ҲϹĽĵĵط統Умܹȫ޷ʱ̣סλԱ
ȻηֽͻȻըȴҲǲ鷳֮У÷׭ֽ뿪
ڴ˿̣ȴǴ죡
ʶ̽⣬УȻѾս
Ǿ¹ȻѾͲסˣֻǿϧĺѩȻûȰסϺ꣬׻Ұ̫㣡
ҡҡͷԭ¹ϹԣԼһȥ֮԰Ѱɣ;¹Щһͬǰпܻۣ֮УȴǴϹĽ¹϶㵱ΪûпгиʲôߣǱڣŮϣҪ͹ԹԵĸԷϾĻҽŮɱ
ĺѩ
ĺѩϹĽץˣ
üͷҲһ壬Ȼĺѩദã߶һ;ļ֣ҲΪ֮ݣǲΪݶݣΪĺѩװòҲӦȥ
οĺѩλþлȹ㣡
ʯϵİɫˮУҲǳ˷š

֮Уð١
ŵսûά̫ã˫ϹĵùȻҲΪ¹ͻϮԵʡ
ϹĽ˵˵Ϳ˾¹ĶʵҲھ¹񷢶ͻϮһ̲֪ġ
ץסʱԲǶֵĺѩⳡսȻϹʧء
ĺѩ˿վڴ룬ĺϹĽڲԶţֻҪŤ£ĺѩͻ
¹ɫԵļλҲһȻû뵽ϹĽ˱ɣȻĺѩв¹
ԭλ˵һԣҲһѹʥǹʱ򣬾¹˷ͻϮ
Ϲ˵ǷӦѸ٣ʱӦڿеġɫˮȻûб¹õ֡
¹ŮĺѩϹĽץˡ
ϹĽҾ¹񣬵ȷɫˮģǽɱҲ˵ʲôˣھŮҪЮң鴫ȥҲЦ
¹ȵ
Ц¹϶Ҳ˼˵㻰Ǽ϶ͻϮϹĽԤϣ´˿̶ˣֺҪЮŮ
ϹĽ˵
˵ҲϹʵһ˳ᢵװƿС
¹һƬûпڣȻ֪ϾԼͻϮϹǰ
ٺ٣û˵ˣһ㣬¹϶㲻֪ɣΪǻɫˮ˽ˮ˿ݶŵģһٶȵļˣǻΪԼܹ֣
ϹĽֿץĺѩĲӣȴһݶĺ첼ƿһССıӶƮ¡
⣬ϹȻ¹ı
ϹĽǴⶼƵĵһɾϹˣ
¹ΪϹ岻֪ȴû뵽¾¹ҿ

Χ̶ۣȵϹĽģĵ˵¹϶¿ķڷ
¹ɫ˼㣬˫ȭգջǱȻʹڣûĺѩĻĻȱ
¹϶ô˵ʲô˼ѵĺѩ֪ɫˮǼٵģ
ϹĽ˲侪ȵ
ףͼλϲҪңѩϧϹĽԷϾˣǾ¹ɾͳˣƾǼ˵ʵҪΧǷɱϹˣѣʱΪѩǣ
ĺѩһӣ־¹ûĻʵϣʱ̫̣ҲֻǼ򵥵þ¹ȡ񣬾ԭ˵
ԤıѾõľ¹ΪĺѩƬ֮ʣᡮɫˮء
ߣĺѩ㵹Ӣ££Ǿ¹϶ĶŮҵҪ᲻ã
ϹĽҲûʱȥĺѩΪ֪ɫˮǼٵˣڵ浣ľ¹ĺѩǻƴ
ǵʱ򣬾ܾ˵ĳ棡
ҲϹĽ뿴ĳ档
ѩ˵ûԷϾ¹ɳ׻ˣΰԣԣѩĻϹһ壬㹻Ϊѩˣ
һλ˵
ȫ֣Ҳ⼸λϴ˿̵뷨
¹ɭޱȣ˫ȭٴνգ˫ͨ죬ðһ仰ѩ׶Բסˣ˵öԣΪ¹ҵ˥ΪλϣҽϹˣȫɱ
ϡ
ĺѩξӨ۽ȥЩ
ߣŮҪ¹϶ӣ
Ȼ¹ѡϹĽҲȻһԭΪĿ֮£ܽĺѩϣȴû뵽ĺѩȻվԭأĲӣȻѾԼĿƣ
ôܣ


1555 
ϹĽûзӦôһ£һǿƱ˹ϹĽΪΧ˶𿪡
䣡
һӰĺѩԣ¹ԭŭǾȣȫû뵽ͻȻ֣㾹ȻѾôǿˣ
ее˶ĿȫȻû뵽˾ȻǿƣһƬλǿ߸𿪡
Сӵ˭
磡
ĺѩ۾㣬ϣ
ȻʵеǶ⣬Ȼ֣ĺѩȻ¡
λСֵܣǿûմأ
ϹĽʵ
ȻǺĺѩʶģҲȻҪĺѩոΧˣҲ֪Ǿ¹ûйϸ
Ǿ¹һģϹˣ
㿴Ը⿴ϹĽһۣͳȵ¹񣬷ҳ֣ĺѩҪˣʱ򣬾㽫ϹȫˣΣȻɥʧԼŮ
⡭
ĺѩȥ¹̫ƽ⸸ףδ̫ʧˣ
㣬Ҿ¹ļĺѩҸм㣬Ҫҵָֻţ˰ɣֻܴĺѩߣģԻƽһУ
¹ȵ
ߣ¹񣬿Ⱳ˵һ飬ĺѩŮһɱ㣡
˵꣬ϹĽ˵СֵܣҲͿ¹϶ˬˣ֣¹ˣΣŮ͵๼
䣬һɫֱӻ˹ȥϹĽͫ׷Ŵʹûüֱӱɫٳɻҽ
Ϲˣ
ϹĽȻˣһظֵУ찡Щ𺳵Ϣ˰ɣ

˶Ѷ㵽һԣǶˣǡ
ĺѩߣ
ֽĺѩĺѩӰ˲ʧеС
ȥ磬ӰȻʧǶ飬֮󣬶
ɱ
¹˲´

ĺѩ¹⣬ͣĺѩЩʧ䣬Ȼŷŵ顣
޾Ϳްɣʼǻܵģ
㵭˵
֪ĺѩԸǿ㣬Ӳᵯ飬ʵ̫˵㣬ĺѩҲֻһŮˣʱǰ£þ¹δ·֮󣬻룡
ϾǾ¹Ů¹Ҫһ̣û֪ĺѩܵһش
ĺѩȻǿˮֻ΢΢ͷ磬лллȻطˣ
ʣܸоĺѩתһ̣۽ˮĺۼ嶼΢΢ЩȻͷҲûص߽˾¹Ĵţ

峿
ճţͲ˹һͬһ𣬶ԱҲһ绨һջƻ裬һòףһǿһ۲ٿڶۡ
ͨһǸòܶŮ˶ǿҵԱУڷϣ㿴ֻԽУ
㣬֪ҹз£
Ť֫˵
Ĭ
ϹĽˣϹʮˣ¶Ǿ¹ɵģ
˵ǹǾҪǰ֮԰ˣȻֱӴ˽Ϲ˴룡
㣬ĺ˵¶ʲôθڣ
ҡҡͷ
ŶϲʰԵģ治֪Ǹģ㲻ô
Ǹҽⲻ飬Ҫ˵ģ
˵Ų˹߿ˡ
ԭضţɺްڵûаòҪǿʵǿˣ̫ɺˣ

˹˵ո˵Ļ׼ȷʵ˵һظֻɱϹĽ˵Ǿ¹նɱģҲ룬ǸظӦɣ
㲢ûзϡ
ȥиʲô
ɫˮ
˵
ɫˮˣ
˹оȣееİɫˮҲ֪һҲܲ³¹Ϊ˰ɫˮǰеģû뵽㾹ȻҲͬԭ
ͷǿɫˮһûüգ׼ȥ֮԰ֵʱҸʱˣ
ҲǲɫˮʵһɫˮǱڵ㻹ûȫصɫˮȻӰ첻Ч
˵ŻҲǸߵ¹Ĵǰ¹;Ⱥʱ
ǣĺѩ
ĺѩȻҲȥ֮԰֣
üȻĺѩʵֻλȥ֮԰֣ΣյĺܣϾǾ¹ļҲٴιʡ
ˣ
¹˵
˵˹ھ¹
Ϊʲô
Ǻл֮ǣʵǿʱҵ޷㣡
˹Ҳûж˵㣬ҲǵͷСģ
㣬Ǻ㻹ȥ
ǰɣ
Ҳ¹̫ࣺǿԳˣ
ûв˹ֻúһ飬Ȼһ·ϣҲûͷ೶һ䣬⵹÷Щˡ
һ˾ҪִǺ¹Ҳ˵㣬ǺǹǱ˰ɣ

ͷеУûоĺѩ֮ǰƾֶνǹõ֡
ѹ֣ԭһҪ⺮ǹи;
¹˵
һƬɽȣҲȻһƬĺ
ĺѩڶǺҲûκİС
ǷЩȣϴǺǼʮǰû뵽ƬѾ׳ˣϣ֮ûзǣ
¹˵Σôλλǿߣѵֻɱô
¶һĨ⡣
߰ɣ
ڿУû֮ˡ
СǰҲãҲ֮̽̽ǵʵʵ̫ӻؾ¹ǣ
һλ˵
ĺѩüȻмλϵ
ǰ·Զ¹ˣ
溣УһЩϵҲǷˣǶ׷ں֮ǻһâ
һȺϺзҲǣ
¹һƻ£ϵļʮֻ޶˲䱻
ȻЩ޴Ҳֻλʵ
ߣϺзҵ˭ôĿԭǾ¹ľ¹񣡡
һӺ׳ֱӻ¹񣬺ȻҪܿȴȻǻУΧλϼʱȣһֱӽɱ
ȿȣ
¹ԼǹȻܵйġ
ǻ֮ǣ
ĺѩ˵
֮ǣֲǿ֣Ҳˣ
¹ҡҡͷ
ǼλȻŶԸ֮ǣ¹˵ﶼȥûжġ
֮ǣ㲻Ǻɱ˱ôھڻǺ֮ϣбͳɣ
¹˶ùĵʱȴͽȻȵףǺⶼ


1556 ǹ
㣬ˣȻǾ¹˶ߣΪ˻ǻ֮ǵĶô
ȵ
㺦µĻԺһ£Ը֮ǣ۲Ҫκΰ֣
˵
Сӣǿ񣡡
ıǮУһʮλǿߣ
£ʲô£
ĺѩ㻹Ÿʲô£
ʮӰһǺ֮ϣʣһˡ
Ҳ⣬û˴ˣ
䣡
Ǻ֮ϣһǿ⣬һӰӺ״վ㲻ԶһۣĿ棬ǻ֮ǡ
㣬һˣַһǺȻǲ
۵ǿҪˣ˭²ŵģ
ߣ㣬Ҳֻÿ֮ˣҽѾָ߰˰ˣ㳢ҵ
֮Ǻȵĵбŷһɫ棬ɫĳ֣Ҳʹ˵Զľ¹Ȳѣ֮ǵʵǳ̫࣬ûзգǽ󶼲ҪǺˣ㣬һǱ㳷ˣ
϶û飬ҡҡͷϧ˲˹ѾͷΪǱأ˭ֻ֪һ嶯Ļɫ
ĺѩվԭأĿһֱ۽ϣû˵Ȼܹսʤ֮ǡ
䣡
ɫĻɫײ
һǿ
㱻ʮǻ֮Ȼվԭء
СӣҶ˵ˣֻ˵ӰˣĻҪնɱ㣬ֻǼϢʱˣ
ǣΪһ˱ۣͿӮô
ҡҡͷ
Ͽ˲⣡
ǲо
СӣȻво


ʲôûжòо
֮Ǻȵܣ춼ûǰʵôᣬܣ
Ǳ챩һΪأ
һΪ⡭ǰɫˮҲ޷ǿһΪɣСӣƭأ
ɫˮȷãȻ޷Ƕڱ˵ȴǲͬ
ȵ
ɫˮѵѵյееİɫˮ
¹̾
Ȼ鷢չزѾܹģûòо֮£ѷ֮ǣоһʹõĻʵ
ĺѩǴһ˿Ц⣬ȻΨһ˰ɫˮˣǿƵվڻ֮ǰȻҲǿģ磬һܻܻ֮ǡ

Ǻ֮ϣ֮ɫɭѣкȻһѻ޴ȵ㣬ǡġʥԸ㣬Ҷûнó£Ҳǵýóˣ
챬ʵȷѾû֮Ǹеǣǲնɱ㣬գ¾նɱˡ
ģȻʥģ
Ŀܹǿ;Ѫ񵶱ʥ
֮ǣȻöԸΪ㻹ϣܻ֮ǣƺûκϣˣ

ôʥߣ۸պҲõһ˺ǹԣ
һɫâĺǹ֮Уеĳǹǻ֮ҲǿЦѣǹˣʥ㲻ϣǹġһͷסأ
Ǿԣ
˫ųǹڵתΪھ⺮ǹ֮ϣҲʹ⺮ǹĹâǿˣ
ǹ˰ٱ֮
ݺ磬ȻǹҲޱϤ
ȻҾͲˣ
֮Ǳŭǡġ߶Ȼڿһңһ޴Ӱֱ㡣
䣡
޴Ȼ£Ǻ϶ҿһѷ죬ߵĻ𺣾Ȼ޴֮ҵĸˣ
ȵľ޴֮ûκζܣ˫źǹǹඥŲоļӳ֣ɳ졣
ǹ֮ϣǿҵһһǹȻֱӴǵ޴Ӱϣûܵ˺
֮΢ȣȻǴ߶ġٴҳһ޴֮һķٷ֮ٵĿıҪ㡣
ߣʥΣǹܻ㣡
ǹȻһ̣
һΪҵĺӺǹŷǹ᳤һ㣬䡯һȻֱӽ֮ǵľ޴֮
Ȼһƣǹǻ֮ǻ⺮֮ǿҲʹһƬǺɱ
һ𣬱ɱ
ȳ棬Ǿ¹ЩλһӶûмĳ
ŴĿ࣬е𺳣ܹ
ĺѩоȣȴȻ򶨡
ܣ㣬㲻ôǿʵ
֮ȻԡġǰǸ˺ǹȻڡġ֮ϣȴҲ޷ֺ
˿̣һӰӿпӹнӹǸ˺ǹٴιһȥ
Į֮ǣӦԤ
㣬ġǿһָģΪ⺮ǹƵô
ǵȻûиġ˺
üͷ΢壬ǹǱŷһɫףȵǹǹ׵ģ֪סô
ڻ֮ͫ׵֮Уһı˺ǹ֮ڣȻ
ƣ
һ
䣡
䣡
䣡
ֻǻ֮ǰŵĻ޴ġм䱻ǹֱӴƣġѿ
ЩơġҲһ飬žȻȫըɻҽ
𺳣
ޱ𺳣
ԭЩ򶨵ĺѩʼŴͣ˵ܻ֮ǣܹԤģŰķʽܣǾ޷ġ
ʥܹǿѪ񵶵ġġ
һɫˮ׸ǿ
ȻȴǺܻơġʲô죬ǺǹȷʥĴڣοܽȫתΪټϲо׵ǡġûʲô⡣
ǺǹѪ񵶣һ㣡
ȻѪ񵶵еĹŻ꾪ѣȻҲܹġ
һ㣬֮ǵˣʵϣûг׻ָȫ
һʱ䣬Ϊô׻ָ
źǹǹָǻ֮ǵĺϵʹ־֮ɫҲǱΣ㣬ҲȻû뵽¸һ죬㷵ػǺѡġʵϣŴӻ溣Ĵ󷽣޾ԭУ͵ֵģ
޾ԭ͵
벻Ի֮ǵʵҪ͵һʥѵ޾ԭУһЩΪǿĴڣ
㣬¹Ҳ䣬Ƕ֪Ǻ֮󣬵ʲôط
޾ԭǺڰ磬Ϊֲĵط
֮˵ΪĴڣһ֮ǣŲħʧ£ưԺڰ磡


1557 
Ϊ޾ԭʹ֮Ƕħʧ³ưԺڰ磡
Ҫ֪ʶĺڰǿߵУȥʣ֮ǿˡ
Ȼħɱħסˣ޴֪ʵغ֮ǡ
˿ܻ֮ǣҲҪˣ֮ǣûȬĻҲҪյڶɫˮϣܹܻ֮ǡ
棬¹ЩϣĺѩзҲԶ
޾ԭһ֮أȫͬһ㣬ʵǿĶȵλ
֮˵ǵˣҲһ壡
ˣ
ǳԼΪ壡
壿ʲô
¹еĳϲ⡣
УͲм磬Ǳߵ磬ΪǾǿħս֮󣬾סĵط
⼸ǧ꣬ѵǿ߶ɹģ
ħڻǺսսҲҪ׷֮ޣѡ޾ԭѰҾǿߵ㼣
֮˵ǱߵĿƼҲޱȷıޱȣġʵʧܵʥû꣬ЩڻҰ֮Уɱʰ
ԭǼһ˲Ҫ
ˣͦġ
ϵûʲô仯ȴ𾪷ǳһõĹһ㡣
Ҫ֪ǶҲ統֪˿֮ǣȻ˵ЩУǸ䲻ĻĿһһ㣬ȴ޿κΣϾǸͲǻ֮ǵĶ֣û취ȥ
֮ǣΪ޾ԭ֪ۣҾͻһ
㣬֪ǱȻҪǺģ󷽣޾ԭҲЩǵĻǴҪԴ
֮һ˿ƺпܷһ·
ղ˵Щȫʵ޾ԭ·磬˭Ҳû˭ˣ֮ǻǵ޾ԭһ磬ưԺڰ磡
ߣʲô޾ԭ飿
УУ㣬Щ˵ֶ֣ҲЩ𣡡
ֺ֣𣿡
㶼΢΢ü룬ǿ¹񣺡㽫żóһ£
¹ҲǲκԥǱġ»ʵ䡷˳֮һ»ʵ䡷ϵĻһӱǾе⡭˵ְҲȥ޾ԭ
żǴ޾ԭ
ǵǸʲôط˵Ĺ磬к𣿡

Ŀ棬Ȼܿ϶޾ԭȻǹ磬ӦǾǿ߽Ļںϵ޾ԭȻҲС
ֻҪ֪㣬飬ͺðˣ
Ŀ֮ǣ˵㣬֪ҶѾ˵ˣ㲻ỹҪɱҰɣ
ߣ֪㷸һʲôô
ʲʲô
֮ǱĿŵû
̽˱۵Ļ䣬
кǹйһȻһ̣ǹͷӻ֮ǵĺԴ֮ɱ׹ڻǺУ
˵ľﵱУǺеĻת˲ʧˡ
ǺһƬأ͹ƽӿȥޱȡ
ʧ˲䣬ЩǺĻϵҲǳĴɢȥЩ½صޣɴЩӵС
֮ǻǺеԴȪһǺҪ
һλ˵Ҫǰȥ޾ԭô
˭֮ô޾ԭģ˿쳣֮ǶҪĵǱ룬Щλ
Ȼʵϣ֮ҲǿЩ޾ԭԱҲ㲻ʲô⣬Ļ޾ԭдôģ
¹޾ԭȴĳѾˣȴͲҵķˣ޾ԭұȥ
⻰һ˵Ҳ˫Ź⣬Ȼ¹
ȥȥȴҪ£
˵
ʲô
¹ɫΪȻǰ˵ȫǿ㻹ڵķϣ㲻ڣʹظˣȥ޾ԭ
ô
һ˵һ㡣
㣬Ҫ߱ߣΪǾ¹ôߣ
һλϲˬ
¹а϶ǰ׳ջû˭ҽ޾ԭ
ҲǼ㣬Ǳ㣬Ļȥ޾ԭôոǸ϶˵ˣ㲻Ҫһʶ
ߣ
һ
¹˿̿һĺѩջ˵磬ܷһͬǰ޾ԭ
ȵ¹ĺѩ֮԰֣ѵΪ˷δȻҹΪ˱סԼˣȴҪĺѩû뵽컹˼в
ߣ㣬ҿûвѩ㲻Ҫҳ
㿴ĺѩ۾м˵ζ϶ܣҲ˵ˣǾ¹ķȥ޾ԭҲûʲô
ĺѩңЩˣƷʻܵȾ
ѩҲãʵҪ´࣡
¹Ҳ˵
һνģԴϲǿ촩Ǻɣ

ǺһãſһƬ̴деɽɽûκر𣬵ȴɽ֮ǰͣ
һͣ£ҲҼǰ
ɽй죡
˵
ʲôģ֮ƺû˵ʲôɽйİɣ
һλ˵
ǲµĻȥɽ̽·
̽·кβɣ
λٻзһɽܰȫķзʽУ֡
ڿлͷ֣ƺҫԼûг¡
㣬سһ¶ûУ֪װŪ
ҲǷա
¹ͼλҹемʶĳϣǳסҲûж˵ʲô
䣡
գ۹յУĨѪ⡣
˶ܿλϵԴ׹Ŀֲ
Ծô£ոշʲô
¹Ҳ˵Ҳûسǵױʲôˣ
ĺѩһصı飬վϣʵ磬ɽкι죿
ɽһˣӦþ޾ԭ
˵ɽȴ޾ԭĵطڽ磬ĳϣǱɽЩ֮ǳ֮Ϊ޹ģ
ô᣿㣬ǶûпЩ޵ӰǴӺε֪ģ
¹񲻽ʵ
̫ͣͲ壡
ҡҡͷӰһС
ĺѩҲǽԣ;¹Ҳβ¹ȻˬĻȻҲֻ㣬Ļ³ܿܺͺسϵһ֮ء


1558 ǳУ
˶Укǹɢҫ۹âףȽΪ۵ʶ޷̽ô
ҹ
ǹͷųȥǹЯҵĺ֮Ҫɽһ붳һ㣬䣬ɽ֮ϣһ˪Ҫɽ֮ϣ˿ɽ֮ϣȴðһǿ⣬ЩǿʹЩ˪ڻ˪Ϊˮɽ
ǹֻһȴȻ˿ɽ֮˵ʲôô
һֻֻԭ͸ķйɽ֮ϳ֣ͨɫʯһ۾͸һɱǽԶݺݵĶ㡣
ߣڿϳô
Įһкǹٴδ˳ȥһǹֱӽһֻй˸͸йﶼˡĽл
ȻҪ
ǻȻֱ֮͸״ʶ޷̽¶ɻĿ⡣
ɣҿǻô赲۽޾ԭ
Ҫ޾ԭ봩ƬɽЩйȴɽػߣ˭ҪйȥҪǻɱ
һλǿߣ޷ʶ̽ǣǺسϵ˾ǳС
Ȼ֮λܹЩй̽ġ
ĿǰʵҲԺͻ֮ȣټʶԭͱҪǿ٣ЩйҲ޷Ρ
һʮֻйɣ
гһĨеĺǹţһһǹڿطɶ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ

˿Щ͸йȴܹǹڷЩ죬ÿһֻЩ¶ɫӿ׹ȥ
һֻ
ֻ
ʮֻ
ǿˣһֻˣ
ĺѩ˵
ˣҲֻĺѩһ˵޹أϾĺѩλþУȹһΣ㲻ĺѩߵʱ򣬺úñܹġ
ûԹҲǰĺѩһͬӹɽ

ɹɽӳһƬȫµ硣
Ȼͻܴ֮󣬸ͲһȺȺ޾סĵطǳУ
УʣֻйŻ֣ȴֻóݡ
¥ãü졭һۿȥٲȻһаĹ滮
ǱʶϣܿϦ֪߳ʼǺڰ磡
ǰеγɣҲֻǸһɵģ
ԶŻľǿߣ
򶼱ֳɺڰ磬⴩У޾ԭɳУҲٲΪˡ
Σ㿴ǰĳŲ׺Ͷȵġ
Ȼ뷨ͬ˵Ǿ޾ԭǸ֮ء
Щôôߴ󰡣Щ½ܵʲôѵҲô

ĺѩ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ϶֪ôһ¡
ĺѩ֣һɽǡС֮С
磬ﵽʲôطôоĺ粻ͬ
ĺѩлǰĻһİģ
Ц
СУŲˣЩ˵ģ༸ͬϵķװȴ˴۾
ߣǸ޷ǵ·
ţпʮһ
Χи¿棬š
ңȴ
磬˵ʲôأôܹӣ
ǹ㶫
˵
Ǹϰ˵ıǹ統е֣൱׼
ǵǰڹ統У;ϦһTBĵӾ磬Ϥ
ΧһһжûκηУһУںڰ統УҲǿ߸Ҹ㡣
ûǮûǮͿ
Ǹ¿ϰ忴ž¹Ҫ֪¹˵ķװϰУǱ׼С
¹˫Ȼ֮Ҫϰ壬ȴֹ
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Ůܳľ¹ȣԸƫ̻ϰ塣
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ۣɼ㶼𾪡
ǹܶӣ
벻ǿ߾Ȼ㣬Ļֲ쳯ĳǹܶ˰
һ˴ӶͳһٶҲĪϤҪ֪ڹ磬ǻŲٰѩûгأ
ǹܶӵƺ̵ƷƣȻûмζ֪
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ҲǾ˼óӹģѾΪļѩѣǼ˫Ź⡣
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ĵ߻δȫ͹Ļ밡ѩѶʶһȺӡ
ЦЦһڻ˵ѩѣǵ̸Ӻó飬زλĻԣ
˶ѩѻûеȼǹɢζѾ̲סˡ
һƺǹܶӵĶӳ˵ƷƷҪ֪ڵһЩӰϲ̵вضСӣҪӴסˣɾ̿
һ˵ţ·ϰͷó˽ѩѵϡ
Ƕӳı鿴ȻӳһڣƮƮһ㣬ͷζƷ
ƺЩСûнøѩѸ˵ѩѣ㻹ж٣ȫҪչˣ
ѩѣɲˣ
ҡҡͷ
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óڴһĳƱ
ҪѪǣЩǮңԪ
Ԫĵôţdollarȡг
޾ԭǮң
¹˶۾ǿǴӲʶԪϵͷ񵽵˭
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˵
ǵ̵ϰͷ亹ǹܹȻǲµϳЩеģû뵽ȻЩˣҪ
һٵһѩѣ
˿һָͷһȻһٵ٣̣ͨʮˡ


1559 ǣ1
ںڰ統оʹӲǮƣΪʵھãϾڰ統Уǵһ͹һǮͨ
ǿǰλǹܻһٵһѩѾͺʹģǾǮ޾ԭУӦñأٺ޼
һٵ
ҡͷȻƽҪȻ˵һٵʶô
Сӣ˵ʲôȻǶӳ
𳳣
üͻˣûгѩѣȻ֪ڸеĶأλֵܣҳչѩѣֱӳ۰ɣֻҪҿ˹ŵɶĳܷΧ֮ڣұˣ
һ˵Ҳ˵ˡ
˵ʲô
˹ŵɶ࣬ѵСֵû
Բۣ
оƥڶǿߵҪʲôںڰһĳгܹ⣬˶˵㶫ҲУԪҲڳܷΧ֮ڡ
ǣֶҪģ
ң˹ŵɶࣿҪ֪C޲Ÿոŷںòã
̫ˣ
ԭǾǿż־ģڣֻǿҵı֮ˡ
ﻹѩѣϸոոһ߸ԭһѩһٵϵģȻҾ͸ۣһٵһɣ
߰ٵ
ɶͷǮ˦ŰԪ󳮣ı鵱пʹӹǮҲ޾ԭ˵һʽס
߰Ԫ
ͷ˰߰ٵһݵĹʣСӻаѱУ
죬ܳ鵽˴̣ӵĸ˵һݵĹʣһµĹʣҶԸ⣡
ɶ˵СֵܣԺǻѩѣң
û˵
ɶֺһǵ̵ϰ壺ովٱ˵ʲô۸㣿ҿ۸ǴԶʵɣ
⣬ӳĸҰ
㻹Ҫٱô
ˣԼԱû¶
ǵ̵ϰί˵
֪СֵܽʲôǷչĻǵǿѣ
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Ѿ²ˣ˵㣬ԤϵĻǴһʱ䣿
ŶȻˣұȥһľƵס°ɣ
ʢ룬Ҳûƴǡ
ɶһСղ䡯ľƵ꣬Ƶֻһ㣬Ҳͺ͹統е죬ҲɣҲǵ˵ľ״
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䣬ǿ½ģôأ
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ǽĺѩһȥýҲ֪˵̸ݡ
շĥӲĺѩӦסķС

һ·֮ϣɶ̸ҲǴ֪Ƭ޾ԭĵط
ɶ˵ҲһƬ̵ĵطһλǸƬطĻ֡
˱֮Ϊˣʵǿ󣬾̵ϰ壬ʵ϶λʵֻԸ¶ҲûҪ¶ˡ
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һĳǹܵеˣλҪ΢ǿϲ١
ǵʵҲȻЩʮ֮ȥһ磡
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һЩǿģܴﵽ֮ǣħʵľ磬Щһ㶼ѡӣȻҲЩɶ࣬ʵһҲϳǹˣ
ǹܣȻҲ쳯Ĳ࣬췹ԵְҵҲСְҵ
֮ܶ类ǿ߸һͿȻɶУҲ֪磬ǳǮӦ˵൱
ΪƬ統УֻҪ㹻ǮͿȥУҩˮ
Щҩˮܹ˲ʵԣһӵţƵпܱһ̻ܡ
Ȼҩˮ󣬲һġ
õ뷿䣬㽫򿪣Ŵ⳵ˮмֹĸо㲻뵽ǣϦҲУǸöãӦûϲġ
ƺܾûϯ˼ˣһԾϣȷʵǿߣ磬ȻЩ˵㣬ȷЩͷԣˣЩֻ۷գ˼ˣţ
Ȼ干ǻûг׸ıһĻǿȴһ㣬ͱȱǿγָܹ۷ʵĿռ䣬۵δһͱ
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ǼſƬõС
ƬһЩСĵ绰룬㺹գĺܾûпֿƬˡ
崿ѧãƬÿҲе绰۸ھһޱ崿ֽҪСô
ܰĽƬһ
ϰ˾ŵʱ򣬷ȥԷȻ㲻ͬԶȻ޷ۼġ
磬ϵǮ̫࣬ͲҪǳôĲ˰
ϣĺѩ˵
Ϊʵ̫ˣˣֱֵȥľƵꡣ
ͷٵٷİٵ
һ߰ٵûһǮ
ĺѩ㾹Ȼνһ
˵ĺѩ磬ûУ׬ǮıµһѣûôǸʲôǹܵô߰ٵ͵ˣͣ
㵹ǲǰ㻹Ҫ취׬ǮϾⷿ䣬ҪˣҪǣûǮĻȻνˣĺѩô죿
˳Թջصסϵĵ绰ȴӹ绰Ǳߴ죺װҪʲôôҪ֪ĹﶼƯģ
ҲˣôãһֱǴһöС㶼ûϹȻĺѩɫˣκͷһ˯ţ㱾ͲҪӲϹ
Ƶһһε㣬˵ĶǼٵģ
ǸˣͻŮɫ֮С
Ѿ֪Ĵˣھͽȥѡ
˵ûǮϰôǱ߾ѾҶ˵绰
ЩˣûǮǱҪһŹʱܴܲһڣǮ°ɣ
Ȼڹ֮УֻҪЩС㹻ˬ֮ҲпܲǮģ


1560 ǣ2
һֱûпǹʲôǮǮ⣬ΪڰҲûоǮʲôôڵǾˡ

ܿˣѾ֪û㣬ʰһ·ž飬˿̵ޱȣϵıȫһûһǮˡ
ţΪ׵Ȼһ𱣬һŨīزЩ̿һŹܹ
ʻݣ൱
Ҳ֪Ϊʲô˿㶼һģʹ㶼ΪԼɢĸ߹ʽǸסˡ
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ͷѵô
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˿Ůϵֻȴˣ㿴ǷģŮײҲǹҵһۣ治֪ԼʲôأһνӿͣȻҳٵߣģĻпϲ
Բ𣬶ԲǰȵĴ

𱵹ûְȣǾҲͦ׵ġ
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ûκǰϷĿӰˣǸںڰδİǹҲֱͦ˽ȥ

˺ܾã̵Уһûкʹ˴·ȿŴϵĵ죬ĬȻ
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ʵǿôǿһˣߵ椶ôƯҵĸеүˣСı㣡

ȿʼҶĳҲĪЩˣЩݵĻǲܽĳġ
ʼҶĳĶĳеĶķ͹統еĵ¶ĳͬ
ĻȻûκβġ
ֻҪ˻ʼҶĳĴţеķԱͲ˿㡣
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ˣϴ˶Ǯ
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Щ֪롣
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ûκΰ취֪ԼϵٵҲûκôԶ㡣
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˼ʱѾԶһŶ̨ǰǶעСĲ´С
һѵҡΣ´СҲ̼Ķķ
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ǣʼҶĳΪϸĶĳ֮һרŵĽ磬ڵܵƣף
ǸѵӴȵ


1561 Ů
˶󣬺
Ҳǿ߼ڶŲҲ;¹࣬۵ĽŮΧ˵ǿ
ȻӵĻҲǻ˵ģĳУȷһ㼫ǿĽ磬ڵ޷УȻ粢ܹס
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Ȼ§סȵֱ֫ӵĻУĽ㣬ŮǳͦظƺʾԼӸͣ㽫ٵĶעѹ6棬ӶɵۣѹҪ֪ȻߣʮĸҲ󣡡
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кϰ˵ʱŰѾ˻ʼҶĳļ±ڿ㣬ǵͷֶһǧǡ
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һ죬϶ȥʼҶĳΪģһʣµ߰ٵͲ֧ƵǮҲ׬򵶣ӦǹˣҲǾ֣ǮУο⼸Ѿоĳ˶סˣҪ鷳
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1562 С
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ģҪ֪⣬Ҫȥ飿Բۣ

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˵һȴǸоĶƺһ£漴ҪӿһµʱȴǱ㰴ס֣
ӣʱڱ仯û뵽Ҳű仯ðɣҲı䣬С
ְסӵ֣ȴǽӦ÷ڴĶע·һ¡
ȫð֪㵽ƺôģŵȷˣһһεӵĵ綯أոյһ£Ѿɹˣ֪ǣת΢Ǳˡ
ţҲǲ֪룬˵㣬ˣôһһС֪óȫô֪ˣ϶ǺӴͨһƭǵģҿɲˣȻ󣡡
ǽŮȴ˵㣬㣬ҲС
˵УѡС˻Ǽּ
ɣҲûȫˣ
ɿӵ֣ϴЦ⡣
Ӵƣ2㣬С
ģӵȷûп١
ȻС찡Ϊʲô㣬⵽ǸʲôȢŵǮ
ʹ޵
㣬еĹˣҪû椶Ļҿ㣬˵˵ģʲôƶν
ȻҲ˷Ǯ
ȿӽʮ򵶸У˫ҲǷųâʮ򣬾ͺˣ
ӮʮҲûҪڶĳмȥˣҪŰ뿪ȴǱ˵סˡ
ǶĳдС񣬷㣿
һ˵ǴҪһ֣
ûȤ
һ򵶣

ûпһۡ
û뵽Сӻͦйģһ򵶶û㣬򵥰
Ǽ˸ɴֱ㣺û취罻飬ǲΥ㣬ǰҲðǵðĻʼҶĳ
ϵǷ¹ӣҪԸǣҲôѣ
Ѿ̨ķΧǵͷųΪͻȴûпκε椶ûκθо
Ǹо⣡
Ҫ֪ǵʵɲʮһƿǵִλҩˮִܵģǻĴģʵܹ
Ȼգǻѡ˵ôһкгϢзͷҵ

һƣ
ǿʹü˶΢΢˼񶼱𶯣Сӣû뵽Ȼǿ
ס֣
Զһ
˵ҲǼǿ˿ɫһ䣺һΪ˭ˣԭǰ׹ܼҰǺ˶̸أ
̸⣿ҿδذɣ㣬ǶĳСİȫǶĳһᱣϵģ
⼸˲ңˣ
㶪»ŰȾ뿪ˡ
磬ֳ˰ο϶׬˲ٰɣ
ſڵıڿ˷ܵĺܣõ㶪ǵһǧЦòá
㽫ʮ򵶸ȣ˵СȣǴӦʮҲҪңҲҪ㻹ᣬԼĴഺԻӻϣûʲô˼ģ
㲻Ҫң
ȽӹǮɴ۾ΪУӦһɫ֮ͽҲСˡ
ɫУӦܹ۵ķ룬ҲҪԣȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ⷬЩĪȡ
УԺҲҪƵˣҲǷκǮ
˵
ҲǵͷתʱӰЩʧ䣡
㲢û̫࣬Ͱ֮䣬ȷֻοͺСĹϵѾ֧㹻Ǯ˰ȣѾԵˣκΡ
û뵽û߶Զͱ˸ˣͣ½ŲתһֱĽŮˣôһ
٣㣬ˣˣҴпû˼˼ôƯ椶˦ˣ
ûʲôϵɣ
㣬ϲˣҼҺǮģ㵱ѰɣҾϿĵģ
Ů˾ͺ͹ŷŮһŵúܣУЩǴСһ
Ҵˣ
ðɣʵһֱ㣬һģ
ʲô£
ˣǹŵټɳһûдӦǼѾȥСŮˣڵĴһΣգ
Ů˵Ҫ椶в㣬֪ǹŵټҪ֪Уû˸Ҿܾǵĺ⣡


1563 ƶ֮
ǵļƻ϶ҪˣΪѾС椶˦ˣٺ٣㣬ҪǻϲңҵҲеİ
Ůǰ¶һ±¶ĳȣȴƿǽӵĿ⡣
ȻϲŮ˸ϲԼŮֹͨӶΪʹ˹ϵҲûκγɾ͸С
ο
װˣһʼӽҾͶҲ֪ʲôĿģټ˵ĻҲˣ
ĿͽŮʱ־β˵ȻϲŮ˶֣ʵ̲סĻпɱڵŶ
ŮһͣʧӰһֱ仮

ǣ
ʮƶһط
ȻҲ֮Ϊƶ
ǴסƷӣ⵱ȻǺõģЩסɽ¶޽ͷ
Ӷ࣬ԲůҲǱƵĵضΣﱬ
һƾɵСԺӵУʮ˾ۼĵطǵд󲿷ֶǺֻͯǳˡ
иͯƺĲУɫ԰ף촽࣬˫Щ˶ΧߣΪ
ˣϿ˵ĲּӾˣϴλѵһҩˮƺû취Ͽ˵ĲκãȺҽ˵ֻʮ򵶵ҩˮκõϿˣǣȴȥŪʮ򵶰
ŷˣ㲻Ҫϴζܽ赽һ˵Ҳа취أ
һ׽裬ǿʮ򰡣ȴȥʮأǷȻҪȳȥǮȵϿˣҪ֪Ⱥ͵ϿûκιϵϿˣǵ׵ܵܣ
ߵһԣɫգɥ
λಡĺͯϿǵܵܣԭ˺ͯԺһûһٵӣǸ𷲶幤
쿴Ƚأ
һͯ¶ϣĿ⡣
Ҳϲȣ㣬赽Ǯˣ
ȵͷŵʮھҽԺ򵽵ҩˮϿ˷£ҽ˵ˣҩˮٷְκõϿˣԺϿ˶᷸ˣ
ΧĺͯϢϿ˸ϿҲƣ۾ƺ԰˵ллܿϧǣʶѾЩģ˵κλ
˽Ͽ˷׼ҩˮϿ˷£ǼӰȴǡݡļԡ
ǸƾɵĹطû뵽ŮѾȻסƶ
С椶ɫңҲƶģֻҪڴ͹ˣ
ӴСಡأСʮС椾ȥҩˮСģٺ٣ǹŵټ壬С椴ȥ

˾ǵʱڶĳҪΧļˣ¶׶ЩͯǶǲŷ˺׿˶ŵò˵
ȴûǣҪ㽫ҩˮϿ˷£Ҫ
ߣ
һ˱ǿ˺߳һлֱӽȵסƿѾ˵ҩˮƿȻУֵʮ򵶵ҩˮأȻֻǾһƶСͷǱСĺݣҪ֣͹̫ʶʱ񣡡
ž
ҩˮƿȻ˵֮ˣһεҩˮڵϣƺÿһε£ȵﶼͬһѵӴһһ㡣
ȵǾ˭ƾʲôôɣ֪ϿҪûƿҩˮͻģȺˣǲú
Ҳ߽еĿĲǰǽ벽嶼öˡ
ǿЦƶСӣû֤أû֤һƿҩˮûãƾǣҲԿǣ
ǸͳעûнӴƷƵ̷ţ³ȦߵһǰסȵļϴЦݣƺ°ȵظǵָڰȵؿڴʱŷеĲȴͽȻ˹ȥ
ǣ
û֪ŷƿģֱӽеֱۿϣѪϣбһҵʹ
̵û뵽ͻıʣȵô£ѵйɣΧûˣСӣôƿģ
ϣƥģҪն
ֱ۵Ҫһƻŷˣȴû뵽ŷһֱӽ˵ұҲˣ
ŷԼĪǺµı飬ĿȻŲ񵶣ȴǷ·岻Լһ㣬Ƣͺºͣһκ񵶣ȴû뵽ɱˣ
֪˶ǶˣǽϿ˵ľҩˮٵˣһץȣ˾Ӧ
ͨŷ˵Ҳû̫຦ˣһֱЩ˸ȫ
ɱСӣװ裡
˶ΧȥһӰȴǿǹǹâһǹֱӽһ˴˸͸
˽͵̶ҧˣյҲûκθо˿̿ǰӰ˫֮Уǿ־壺㣬Ȼ㣬֪ˣװŪ
װŪǲǶô
۸Ů˺Сʲô£
Ц
㣡
ŵ١ȥԸ㣬ڶĳоֲ֪֣⹦ͱõԲܰвһУȴû뵽㾹Ȼƶ
ģ
㲻㣡
ˣһ˫ֶѣĿǰѾʧѪڵһϢһ˱㴩͸ȥǰˣһۣĬҪߣ
ǾʱȴһƻֵĺǹҲǴ˳ȥ
˶ڵϡ
˵ʬȫڤĻա
ŷ˼ʬ屻յҶûˣҲһҪιȥϾٿ壬ʹȻ֮ǰǿ󣬼ʹͨҲΣͷǱˣȻŵЩɢ
㿴ȶڵϣŵ棬ʣҩˮѾɺˣϿ˸ô죿
Ƚ㣬ϿˣϿֳ鴤ˣҪˣ
һͯ
׿Ҳ˵װĵܵܣһҪסһ¶ģᱣǵģ
ȸվȴ˵Ҫʮ򣬾ΪƿҩˮС
˵Ͽ˻ಡ⼸죬ҽ˵ûרƵҩˮҪȥԾĺӣ˭Ҳϣ
ǣ˾Ȼҩƿ飬ҩˮڵϣҲɺˣһҪӵϿˣ
˫ֺʮš
˲󼺣ɵ椶㱻ƭˣ
ƭˣ
ȲĿ㡣
ƿҩˮȻûǸݵϲһЩˮյҩκಡԲܣ
Ȼ˵
˵ʲôƿҩˮھҽԺģƱأôܻǼٵأ
ȼ˵

ʱЩͯҲǺϿˣҪסһҪסǲģ


1564 
Ȼǽͽ
ʼ磬ǿ߼ȻҪһһ޶Ҳ
ʱʲôȻûа;
ǰеϿ˵Скȷಡڹ統Уֻκãӵϵҩˮ̽⣬ֻһಡҩˮ໺ⲡ飬ҪΣûܡ
ϿˣСʹಡҲûеĳ̶ȣ֮Բ޷ƣΪĻ̫ˡ
룬˭ԺԲůôܽá
лϹڵϿڣһɺǿҵĺԣ⼸ã˷纮纮ಡ˳Ȼǰ찲һҩˮǴಡЧģûõϿ˳£
ȻҽԺΪǮƣҲƭȣһεҩˮ۸ʮ򵶣
ȿȣ
Ͽ˿۾ѾƣˣΧ˶ϲϿˣˣ
˶˵Ͽˣ
ȷǿиɫâģ֮ǰһͨУȻϴ
˶
ŷˣ׿ֵҲǳһҪȾҵܵܣȻûǮһҪǲĻǶܵūͣ
ҲҪūͣ⺢ָĻͲٻǮȥҩˮˣβģ
ǿǰ˵
С椣Ϊ˾ȱ˵ĵܵܣȻԸС㣬һβȻҪɵԣС椵ɫҪ̫ˣ
ȴǸԸƶһ֪幤ƷʣҲѵã
ؼǣҽԺƭˣʮ飬һƿҲֻάֵϿ˼Сʱڼӵҩˮ
˶а취ôа취ô
˵
⺢ѾûˣһֱֻĻҲұ֤ಡ᲻Ḵ
մصȻǲܽȼֵĲ֢£ǿԳϿˡ
Ȼ滷̫Ҳұ֤ϿǷḴ
Ǵ඼ǹ¶û֤ڳס
˵
ЩͯҲȻʧɫ
Ƭµô
ǹʺ
ŷͻȻҪǣǵĸҲ
ĸҽԺΪ֧ҩѣûоΣ
Ƚ͵
ĸ磬˺͸˵Ĵܹǲͬġ
ܵõĽҽƣģ˵㣬ȴǵ͵ףҲ·ҵĵط
Ըܵĳ
ûб֮ǰһֱڹ磬СҲԵ缲ҼͥãĸϦ˾ȼãҲЩƶĺͯһͷ
ԣͬܣ˵еǮȣ㽫Ǵسһ׷ס£
ģҪǳǹܲû֤Ǹô죿
µģ
˵
Ҳǵͷ

صƵĲԶһ㹫Ԣǧһ£û֤㸶Ƿһǧġ
ȴһȺӺŷˣ׿סʱ۾ɵĴģȫţܹеķס£飡
찡լŷˣ㿴ûƤɳҺӣеԣβеĶ
׿˷
ȺҲϿ˵Ҳõ߰˰ˣϵЦݣõĿ𰸣壬־ңסӣҲ϶ϲȽɣ
ͯ޼ɣСϿҲ˵Լ
˵Ͽˣ㲻Ҫ˵ֻ˺ðˣôϲأ
ŷ˺׿˶ҲҪ֪ӰȵһγԺֵܾϲϰˣǱ˴˶֪֡
ֵΪᰲȵĺøУʱ֡
СȣΪʲôϲ㣿
۾ЦŰһ޴ı飬˵㿪Цˣţ
Ȼ֪֮Ϊ㲻ϲʣǾԼ䲻㣬û֤Ů㣬Ҫ㣬ͱŮӵ˲٣УȻܵĴڣ˲ţôܻϲأ
ǰЩСԱģоԽãúľԽԶ
㣬ȴǾðͦɰģ

ϵǮֻʣǧҲҪȥʼҶĳǮȾȼˣû뵽Уͦġ
ãĺѩͷտ̫࣬뿪ⷿ˱ݣĺѩ򵥵˼䣬ͳȥĳˡ
磬˰
ĳУӿ㣬˵ʵϣ˭ͷʹ㣬Ͽ̵ʱһֱ㲻Ҫĳȴû뵽㻹ˡ
ˣ߾ǮĽడ
㳯ͷôô
Ӻ޲ʮ̾ȥȻüЦ磬֪СΪļСǮʲôأ
ϲα
ҲЦ
׼ӮǮʮ򣿻Ƕʮ򣿣
֪ÿֻ֣ӮǮҲ࣬ǰβżʮ
ЩСǮӶԵ֧㣬Ȼ뿪
򣡡
˵ʲô
һΪʨӴ󿪿ڵģȴû뵽ֱӿ
ϣƥģ˵򣬾ʮҲóְ
ĵʮ
Ҫ֪﹤һ¼ɲʮ򲻵±һӣɿ϶ٲ١
óʮТ㣬Ѿǹ
Ȼʮ϶ϰ㱨ģҲһҪͷеġ
Ҫ֪һ˶µĻָҪǮ
ȼ
۾Ц
ǵķۣԢңĳܾðһСҪЩĵĴ϶ã
С椽һθһΪĹѪԭ㶼֪ɵǵˣ
⡭ҪӮ򣬲Ż뿪ô
˵
أ
м䣬֣ÿαسֵĽŮûгԣҲΪвǷˡ
ˣ㣬㣬˼ʮҵףҲˣһף
Ǹû˿㣬ƺĴýˣֻҪڣӮ
˿㣬һϲ״ڴ˲֪ĻΪҪ
Ǹ亹ֱðĵ¿ɲˣ⼸˺ԶҪͶעģȻҪõֵǡȻ߿϶Ҫ޿


1565 ŵ
ʼҶĳһ͵Ļ
һϰ壬ÿϰ嶼֮ͬ£йܼңܼ֮£ȻЩľֵˣ
ÿһ죬ܼҶὫԼӯϱÿϱϰ壬ϰһֳɡ
ϣĳУĿǻġ
ȻӸĲ´СӯģΪֽŵĻʵ̫ˣΪǧ֮һɣȻҲǲϧֽš
⼸죬߸ûӯ٣һֶʤ»Ҫ١
ȻҲϱ˹ܼңϰҲΪÿζӮǮʵڲ࣬Բûйʡ
ɳܼȥ㣬ⶼǶ御ˡ
Ӻܻǵʱ뿪ֳʵϣѾȥ˶¥ϰİ칫ҵС
ŻʲôҪ׬Ǯˣ
ϰ壬ͷǸɷˣ
˾ˣϰ˵ˣСθڲԺֻҪֱǮǣ
ܼҲڰ칫С
οҪô
ķ˰ɣ
ϰ壬Ҷ˵СΣͺԹ˲һҲԳˣ챣һǧǧˣ
ұΪм㣬ʵϣҾ;ùŵټ˸ɵã

ϣƥģҪȥɣףȥ֪ͨŵټˣǷˣӣȥסţϾϣϣСż֣ǮǴˣܴܲߣŵټ˵㣡
⡮ϰ塯ƺݺϣǰ칫ҲĽ磬Ȼô顣

ˣոպȶ˲裬е࣬һԲסٺ٣
ӴӶ¥Ҳ˼£Ŷ̨ȥ
ôʱ䣬Ӧǰɣ
ϲЦǳԷûҪҪҸеҹ˵ʵҶЩˣ
ﲻ֪ӸոոûȥʲôȻûʶӣҪʱ䣬Ҳ³
īӣôˣ쿪̰ɣҴỹҪǮˣȢϱأ
ȢϱʲôϱܲҪҪҺ˵˵ǰɸˣ
ܲܿܿһطˣ֮һӮ֣
ȵ
̣̣綼ˣ۵ȻҪ̣
ƤЦ
תӣͣ£Ҳǿֻǧעȴѹ˵壬ʮ
⵹Ҳ
ˣÿһѹѹʮ
ʮһ
ϣƥģСݣҪ˰
ӶͷκƺҪֽţȴǰ棺СӣҪҪҰ㿪
ȣ⣬ⲻҪ˰ɣ磡
ŵøͲҶֽţܾ˫۾ħһ㣬ƺܶϤһУʱ͵͵뵽СӲϲóɣ
ҲǺȵģǲˣթ쿪쿪
Ӵ˿̲ͷǺȫǺˮˣҪǿˣͨⰡٶҪϡ
⻹ĵһ֣
ٶ漸֣찡һӮǮҪ⡣
ɭĿ⿴һۣҲڿסѹˣֱӽӴ򿪡
Ȼ壡
ׯͨ⡣
㣬ѹ˶ʮ򣬾Ȼ׬ģӮһٶǸˣ׬˲ǮҾʮ㣡
Ȼûô󷽣ҲóһӮǮ㡣
һ𣬾Ȼһ
ǮɵӣοǮ׬ģҲӦá
ԼıһһûѣӦõˣԼ˲ʱ䣡
Ȼûߵ˼׼ѣˣٳ
Ӹսעȫó׼ֺˣȴǿм׳˹һλϹŴִĺˡ
ǹŵټ
ȥ鷳ģҲǴˡ
ǻʼҶĳĹȻǺׯҶĴСǺǵǮһĴǮ
һ˵Ҳмǧ
˵ĳ˸СҪļ֣Ҳĺһ򣬵˭ֱ֪ӾܾˣǵˣɳĸڣȻʧӰ
ŵټ
λ㱨ʮ𺳳֪ҪԸ㣬㣺ŵټǹŵټ峤СӣӲԿ˵ܾĺ⣬ȻҪ鷳ģ
һȥүҲ۵ģ
һ׳һŽ߷ɣֱײǽϣͷѪҺ֮Ǳ̧ߡ
߼λͽϽ㵽һȥˣעû֣ٲߣǿҲᱻ̧ȥġ
Ҫ֪ĳ֮Укܶ飬˵׼ġ
ЩעҲҪˣ磬㺦ǰ
Ц뽫ϵĶעŻȥȴ˵עã
ʲôʲô״˵ֻɣ磡
ûվŵļ׳һֱڰpossĹŵЩŭСӣүɳǼأ
ңûмǣ
ҹŵټֶΣУ˭֪
ɴͷҲأʳָָڶһһµĵٵʮǼλ׳̲סҪֽѵʱˣŵټôʲô
Сӣ
ŵѪҪˣСӣͷүˣȻ˵ǹŵټʲô
Ҫ֪Уûĸһ˵ȿĻأ
СӣһҪŪ֪֪ŵټ֪ү
һЦݣ׳֮ǰ˵һˣ˵磬үǲϲŵټŶҪʮ˲أ
ȥɣСӣ
ǰпʮּε˳һȭȥĳ֮УĽ磬Ҳֻƾ
ǼȻǴ֣Ҳǳǿ
һȭȥһͷٽҰҲҪ̱
һȭȥȴһ˿ȣղ㣬ֱ۾ȻֱץסˣĹ
꣡
Ȼֱ۶šѪ档
ʲô
ŵһû뵽Լµֱ۾ȻšˣײеֶΣʺĵĶˣЩš
һ棬Ҫšһֱۡ
Сӣݣġ
Ҫ֪ĳܲܽƣʩչܹ׽ĨɱĻ¾Ҫȶ˰ɣ
Ȼ뱩¶̫ʵϾǶ˵Ǿǿߴһİ磡
עҩˮľ磬ȻĿƼԶܹĳ
ȷУжٸ֣ȴ˿̵Ҫǿ
͵ܳϣиõĵơ


1566 ĳͻ
˱šֱۣҵʹҲʹҲǴ﷢˳˼һҲŵЩǱϾ˶࣬Χ㡣
ǣ
ֳȭһȭһؿڴֱӽ˴ɣҲһ˻ڵϣңһŲڵϣѪֹ
찡
ŵ۾ԲˣԭֺһЦݵվһԿϷû뵽ֻһ˵Ĺ򣬵ѪգǼŵټĴѾĿȫˡ
һЩԭĳеĸҲסˣλԶİ׹ܼңȫûϵᷢ˴ת䡣
֣ڿ޵ĴУСӣҿǹŵټˣүǲŹģ⹷֣
ɲǹŵټˣֻһˣ
һŽ߷ɣײ߰׵컨ϣ£ѪһϢ
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Сںڣ
֪ΪʲôĳвƺЩЦСǷô˳
Ȼǿܻµļ֣ǹŵټڶ࣬һİ֧֣Ҫɵ練ơ
οڻʼҶĳ֮Уܵ㿴ȥ׳˶ʵ棬ȴΪ㲢ЩϴֵĶ֡
ŵָƽӵȻֹסеŭ𣺡СӣĸҲǸɵģ
ȻǷҲûã㻹ҪлңԼ˵㹤أ
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٣ү˶ô°¸ңǶ﷢ִһʼҶĳһĵطҿλҲһᣬûбҪֵҪְɣ
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˹ϰ壬ҹŵټ飬ѵҲҪô
˵
үʼҶĳϾ˹һ˵㣬Ƕλ򶷣ҹܲţĳУұҪΪ˸ѾܲٸΪ֮뿪˶ĳʧҪǻʼҶĳϣ
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˹˫ųâţȻǸ룬ƶķҪ֪ǸͣˮȥˣһǵҪǮǮҪȨȨôҲʼҶĳϰǿ
Ȼͷȴǲ¶˭֪ǲǻ˵أүĳжĳĹأҲһ˵㣬ǱΪ˰ɣ
˹ûѵĶҹŵټ㣬ڻʼҶĳϰˣδ˻ᣬԺûϣˣ
ʵҲûа취ȻҪԸ㣬н޷ʩչҪ֪ͨҩˮˣΪÿڸҹӾǿΪ֡
ŭҲֻ˹ˡ
˹סҲ˵˶Ҫ֪Ѿ˹ŵټ壬ʼҶĳȻܹס㣬棬ɾûǶĳʲôˣ
㾹ȻҲûϵĶעһ˵ҲǮǣҾǿ˰ɣһ򣡡
˶ǮߣҲҪǸаĻˣǮûʹ飡
˹˵һ
мԭֻǸ̰ƹˣ
㽫Ǯȭһȭ˹ȥûжԷԭҲһȭģǹŵټ׽ҽƲĲһͽߣһȭǸǹŵټ壬磬ֻܹƿر˵ģ
ӱףѪһ˫ӺݺݵĿȥıӰʹĿ˿ڡ
ǲôΪжأһСӴ˱ӣЦҪǴȥһЦأ
һԶˣϴαŮɱϣԭǸйУһЦǲİ
ү벻Ҳڣ
˹Ҳ˵
ﵹǺҲŵүŵ͹ŵٶеĴ壬ˮ𣬴ɺڻʼҶĳҲǾĴ֣ÿǧϡ
ɵĳ֣ҲޱȸӷŭˣɣҲͻ侮ʯˣСӣҳҪɱģ
ɱոҿǿ㱻˴ĶҪ˰
ЦЦҪ㲻Сӣңŵĸָ࣬ҪɱСӣ׾٣
ƨñү㣬Σ
٣ҾͿӾļһôԸСӰɣⳡϷǱȶĲĶడ

ҹ
صƵѾˣߵſڵʱ򣬷ȴǴӴС˧磬û뵽ѽ㻹ݲؽأ
ݲؽ
㲻ɻͷ
һ˯ڳŷ䷿ɵǺǵڿ㣬У߳Ӱ
һĺѩһȻǰȡ
ĺѩĵͦµģܷĿζǾݺͰվһһŮһ㡣
һλ·߹ȥ̲ס²۵ʻһʺվһ鰡
˭أ
ȵ
ˣ
˵
ЦĺѩҲ˵磬ҿСһֱ㣬Ƿ䣬û뵽ûǴ죬Ѿô˰Ȼһͯ


1567 ˵ĳ
㵹ûзϣĺѩ˵ֲЩû´ǮǣͲˣˣС϶¶ģȥ㷿İɣ
Ҳǵͷĺѩ㣬лո
ŹغãҲ˵ѩ˵ⰲǲеⰡô㣬ҲǵĹϵһô򵥵ģ
ͱϹˣǰŮ̸´󷽣˾ӣǿ϶һЩƶͯ飡
УûһöҸ㣬ǰҲΪϲ˲ȥҸ㣬ǣߡ
ңʲôʱ˵ϲˣ¶ҿɹܲţ
ĺѩת˵
ӴҵСѩѩͱ𲻳ˣûа˼ƭĹˣƭĹҷôҪ֪ǰ羭ϲ¶ģ඼˾ǣǣҿǿĺ׼ģ϶ϲСӣ
˵
ĺѩҲ֪ԴЩʲô

ĺѩͷڹ뷿˽ʱһĴѾһҵⲫս
Ů˫ȻͰȡ
ҹɫˣҰȻ뿪ûʲôڴϸܼ顣
Ƹ֮һѩѣѩ׵㻳Уԭ㣬ʲô˶أ
ĺѩģ
ǵģұǴлģ˭֪㾹Ȼڣ
˵ϿѾˣǶϲĴӣĺлл㣡
ûʲôлģĺĳǣ
Ȼ֪Ϊ˾ƶĺͯС㣬Ͳְæ
̫̫Ҳжԭ
УϿϲǶӣԺס

ţǶ㹻ˣ
㻹ѵȥĳˣ
ͷҲǲ֪˵ʲôãԭһ֪ڵ϶ԶˣĻܷıӮӮôģ
˭ˣȶ֪һˣ
ſϣȻ˯ˡ

㲢ԣЩʧ䣬ԼԼʲôˣֻһСˣҪ̫࣬㣬ҵŮˡ
һ̣ǿţ̺˵ȥϴˢԹͣҾʹסĵط
һҸ
ߵԢĲԶȴüе鷳ˣ
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ȻЩٶˡ
ŮɵĸŮſҧ壬ﱬˬǣҲǺȻȻֹ
ŮɸſӸܵһҺӿû뵽Ȼ֮죬Ȼһүôô죿
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һŽŮ߷ɣģڻãֱүĿ죿ȥɣ
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ŷ˺׿ŵòǵȻ֪ǰ˭ǹŵټĶүŵ١ǲ֪ΪʲôҵѵΪ˶ԸЩû֤ȴס˳ˣ
ҪҲ̫ˣ
ôٺ٣ү˵ǣһòƻиŮǰɣǸŮ˴Ϸ֣ʹס˳֮УӴЩƤɳζ벻Ķôǣ
үǿûе㰡
ŷ˵
ûеǣǸĹַûеǣɱ˱ٵ£˱үӢıӣҿǼʱү˧Ŵұӵģţ϶ģ
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һֱľԼıӣ˫ȫ壬˧ĵط
ٺ٣ڣ˶࣬ǹ֣ɱһ£ұɱһˣһɱ£˼ˣʮӣҲˣ
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ӣǶһȺûκ֤֤Լݵѣ֪֮Ϊʲôô棬Ƿ棬ǱߵÿԱˮ㿴ǻôǰͲЩȫأ
ŵټȻҲǶǱߵָơ
ΪǸ֣ס˺÷ӣǾ͸øмǵģӦó˾·
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ˣҪǣǸֺǵģ飡
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蹷׷Ľﶼҵˣһһ磬˵ǰܲ鷳ϵЩҺȫɾʵ̫˵ˣ䶼ıȱ˿죡
§Űȣ˵
㣡
ʹҪ֣ڸҳˣģҪ㣡
ȴһֽŮɵʬոɾ˵̫Сʩչб£׷
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㱾ǵɱˣŷ˺׿˿˲̫ãһпܻٻĶ
ǹŵȴΪηˣĸ֮ˣΪ㺦£Ȼʤ׷
һӰɳ⣬ŷˣ׿Ҳ˲о񾭶ɿˣȺĺӣҲȻһѷ˳ŷ˸磬ЩҪʲôͰȽأôҲˣ
ͰȽȥԸˣǸϽطȥӣ
Уŷ˸磬׿˸϶¥ȥǶԸˣҲҪ¥
ŷ˸磬ʹȥɣ粻Ǻôأ
һȺСǶΪͰȻƽ¡
Ǵ˿̵ŷ˺׿ȴǵĺܣͰҪԸĲǱˣǹŵټĶүŵ١ݲ˵ŵټǿʵҲעǿҵҩˮʵҲǿԽӣȻǶĶ֡


1568 ŵټʵ
ԢԶһƬյ֮ϣͣ󣬹ŵ١ҲǷ׷¡
аЦݣСӣôΪԼѡһصôͦƧģȷʺ㣡
ƺЩ£ϾԷǹŵټˣ㲻Ƕ֣ƺС椵뷨ǵһЦ㲻񹷵ôҽʹ񹷣
ȿЦԭ˵Ķ񹷾ָЩŵټˣǼ磬ȷͶ񹷺񣬷Увٹŵټĸ߲Ա
ɷܶƶǮб˽ˣҽԺҩҽǹŵټˣȻ֮Աǣ֮ǡ
Ȼү񹷣ϣ˺
ȵ
ʵλ֮ϵĴ̳˹ȥûκһ˫ȭǿ
䣡
Źâȭͷڳͻȱ˫ΪԼẦµģȴһɲͬůݶʹһ㶼ûп־壬ȵ۾ӲһǰŵټĴ֣Ȼѱڵأ
²һ֣Ǹ־ȻʹĿ޵ܣСӣôܻǣ
ȴǿúŰΧ㣬һƣ˲Ĺ˫ȭ׶˶ڵأ
̺Լֵʱ
һ̨ܵɱ˻һ㣬
һ֣һСӳĸ֣
վԭأоЩʵȻǼҪǿϲ٣ҲֻΪע˸ΪҩˮˣսļɣԶѷ㡣
ô㲻ҪĹôֺˣ
˵
㣬㲻ҪţүȻû뵽ǣҿǹŵټĶүǹŵټиƣһ죬ΪԿǻкýô
УҸӵˣ죬ߣѴӦԸ㣬Ǹһɱ㣡

һ߹еĿ־Ҳһַ־ϱһɺ⣬˫ȭȻģȥɣ
ΪⱾǳϵһȭȴû뵽ȭͷȴĺǰ汻һɴץסˣǽɭһ嶼ŮŪˣֲûӳȭͷŮһ
˵ʲô֣ҶүһëҸ粻Źģ
ȵ
һžƨϣ顯һˤ˸ʺһڵϵĻң֣Ըң֪֪˭ǹŵټĶүҸӵɭľֻǶԸˣ
ұ죡
һӿд
Ҳץһһ㣺磬㾹ȻˣҶԸ⹷֣
Ӱ̾ͳԣͬǸ׼İˣһ˫ɫ۾м˧Щ㻳ǲͬĸֵܣ٣һҲֵ
ŵɭľһƴϣ֪ǹŵټ鷳ڵȻ̫ˣ޷ʵ
ˣȻܹͨעҩˮڵǱӵ󣬵ȴܸıǿȣήҵ壬ҲֻǱһǿһ㣡
ǹŵټţˣ
磬⹷ַǵңǹŵټ壬ѵͲΪҳô
ŵƿڴȴǲһڣɭľӵˣǿˣҲ޷ġ
СֵڼǽȻ෴ĴڣɭľһֱǼҫ֮⣬Сѧϰýòָ㣬ܵӵܣǣҲùŵټͷۣϾǹŵټ峤СӣҲǶмѣûô˵
ɭľȴǲͬÿֻҪᵱʹȻ¶ҲǻƽЩ鷳¶ö֮Ҳϰߣ͸ɭľ졣
Ϊ֪ɭľʼǻǰ鷳ġ
˵ЩŽģ֮ÿȥʼҶĳֻ֣ûֱӮĳ֮гΪСû֤ȴܹŪôǮ󷿣ȼƶĺӣ˵ʵڵģͦģ
ŵɭľ˵
㵹Ǳܴܵĺϸӵˣ
ˣһסƵ¥ѣһòһǳªû˵ɣ
㣿磬˶㣡
ž
ŵɭľһ˦˹ȥ˼ҵûи͸Ľҵĵܵܣһȭѵ
˵ĺѩͷ㣡
˵
ͷҲץˣ
㣬ȷܴܵȻ޴Ҳȷʵɱǹŵټ£ΪŵټĴүŹŵټ˱˺ɱôҲ˵ȥ
ŵɭľ۾ȻʵԸЩһĸ֣Ƕӣߵã
Ҳ˵Щϻѵ
ǹŵټĳǱ֮У
ɭľ˫â֣˫֮лûһǿƺҪһ㣬ҲҴ⣬ǹ֮УǹȻһǹɱ֮űơ
䣡
ŵɭľץ˷Уɭľ»㣬ڵʵҽ֣ҪѣǹŵټĳǱһ㳹ףǹŵټǿ󣡡
㿴ӰʧڿУû׷ȥ˵磬Ϊβ׷ȥǻ᲻ĺѩ㲻
ҪԸңҪǰȥŵټ壬ֻӰˣǱϾǵĴ壬鵹̫
ĺѩͷͬ飬ûаϵɭľԲҲԸǳ
һԿȥǵҪ͵ʲôʱ򣿡
䵱Уŷˣ׿˺ͼ˺ͯһ˹ָĵϿ˵磬ǳˣЩӶû
˵ǵȻĹŵټĴǣ㵹ûɱǣȻϵĹͷϲ٣˿̻ûлָŵɭľƺҲûдЩ˻ȥ˼
Щ˺ͯСʱƶгǵı֮ɱɱǳе飬Ҳ¡
ȽϿ˱˾ͻģСĽƨɣ
Ƚ㣬ˣôôأ
ϿգС۾
ǰŵټĴֶǿӰȻ֣һƺָ˲ҪһطȥܵǰǳһӰվڲԶ㡣


1569 ı
λŵټĴֶȥǶҪ֪ζԸ˵ģϾŵټ϶ѾᱣסǣҪ棬ֻ㲻ɱ
ĻǵҲֻˡ
ŵ˫ȷ͵ع£磺ģҲɱǵģֻǰҴһ仰
磬˵˵
˲˲ͷĺˮ
ǹŵ١ɭľֵܽջϴɾˣ˵Ҫһݴ񣡡
˵ꡣ
˱ŵøϽͷǰ˶˿ˡ
ҪǵľջʲôջǴ̨Ҳа
Ȳ
ŷ˺׿ƺ֪ջ˼ƶ׻̾Ӷ࣬˵ȣͱˣһԼԭģ
ţ
ȵͷ
ǽһ˴䵱УҲǻʮ¥ȫеķһ㵹ǺãֻҪⶰӣⷿõˣҲûʱƶ֮ڲܽ
ҲǼڳ۷ӣͬȫ㣬Ҳû֤ԼҲǴˡ
Ƕû֤û£ҪǷĻǾˣ
ŷ˵
˵ԭķҪӦòٻصˣǵ֤һ취Ūֵģʱ򣬵ϿǶѧҲǰȵԸ
˵ЦݣůůģȻôϰЩƶĺͯȫǿķϡ

ҹǽһ޴ĹűС
ǰ˸ŵټĴȫڵϣƺǰ˵ķ䡣
ǹŵټֵܡ
ŵ١ɭľ͹ŵ١
磬СӾȻҪǽջϴɾ˵Ҫͷݴǣʲôѵô
ž
ɭľһ˦˹ȥǶѪ磬ôǰң
ûӵĶܲ飬һ쵽ıȣ㵱ֵҵĳ裡
СӣȻôҲã֤ǹŵټǿʵʱˣ㲻ǶŵС椶˼ôٺ٣ͽмĸ߲ȫ뵽ǹŵټ֣֪֪ǹŵټ
⡭ȻϲС椣һֱҰʲôأ
ʲôãǣŵһֱǳ̨Ϸٺ٣׶˵ˣǺŵìܳᱬһս䱻С飬С椴ӦĻŵǱԼķչãŵ岻ʶ̧٣ߺߡ
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磬ǶȽӣչǹŵټǿŵ壬ǲʶ̧٣ȫУа
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˵ﰵЦŵɣ㲻˵һӶûݵľôߣҾݷҵ˧֮¡
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ǶھƵ걻ɭľץűģȻǵʵɭľĶ֡
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λӦűĻɣ
ɭľʿ˵
˵˧磬㵽װǵʲôΪǲ֪ǹŵټˣȻû죬Ҳŵټŵ壬е壡
磬統Уڸлˮν޾ԭҲˣҪǿ٣еĹŵټŵ壬ҲǴķǳ̫ҡ
󣿺ǺǣǶλҹŵټĹΪҪűǾˣһһϷģ
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룬һ̶룡
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һЦﰵԭǸй硣

ҹˮ
ڹŵټűĲԶУʶѽű̽˱飬ȷĺѩܵκΣ֮Ҳ׼뿪ǸоΧһӰӹҲǺȵȻ㣿
Ů˲ǱˣǻʼҶĳеλŮһɫװЩcosplayϷŮǸȻƯ
Ҫûв´Ļһֱиңǰɣ
㵭˵
ʹˣ㲻ǻûнҴôô㣬Ҳϲô
С椣֪ôƺ;ˣȻҸң
ŮȻԼ޷ˣҺһɴѹȣƺҪĲӣ˵ٸһλᣬΪʲôҪңУ˭˵ʲôϲҵĹҶ壬ûȤ
ң˵ŵŵľӣ͹ŵټһֱìܣŵ١ŵҲһֱڹעУ
Ů˾Ȼŵˣ
˵ѹҪץȣ͸ϢңΪҺǵìܼûв´Ļŵ壬飬Ӧְɣ
ȷŵ͹ŵټУȻᱬһξ޴ìܣìܣܿһս£ŵټɷŵ壬ȻҪⷢӣŵ岻뱻
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ⷢӣŵټֵץҵѣܿǰҫʵ
˵ˣǻЩɣ
ǹŵ١ɭľеˣ鲻ܻô򵥣ҵģǲǸ׳յܵҷѣ
ѣ
ŵ١ԷҸŵɵǰ˵һҪȢҵ飬ҵģ飬ʱŵ壬뱻ˣ
ľ˵ӦĻŵ͹ŵټȻܵ˵ǻ취̲ǣǾܾʱ򣬹űУȻڶŵټĸ֣ǱȻǷѣ
ľǵǣ˵ĻȻҲǳġʱ̣ŵȷߴһп̽䡣
˼ǣҰǣ
㵭˵


1570 Ͷ̥
Ȼ㣬ͳһսϣҪ֪ǹŵټڶ࣬ƾһϯϣضǲܸǴκ˺ģֻУŵ壬ܰˣ
ľӿ϶
ŵҪôαҪҰæ
㲻ЩЦ
ǻԱԶ֪ŵټеҪ֪ϯϣŵɭľضҲӵеԱʱ붯־ѣ󣡡
ľ˵㣬˫кô飬ܾѣŵҲʹùŵټļƻһãúÿǰɣ
ľߵĽȻ⿪˫ǰһ˫ţЦ㲻˵ҵ岻Ȥô
ǸոգڣҵŨȤ
㣬㻹ɧ˧磬ϲ
ľҲȻͷ͵ĥ䣬㽫ľɿС椣ټ
ԶȥӰľӶŵߣ˵һ֮ˣ㣬һҵĴϺúһģ

ΪŵټĹűۻᡯҲ֪ú׼һ
ŵټϾе̵ļ֮һֱȻ٣ɭľ֮ĹŵɭľʵѾӽ֮ˣʵڵʵࡣ
ŵټڶ࣬һɭľ϶ǿģοӵǿߡҪȳĺѩȻ͸ˡ
㽫ǿɫˮѸյˣһɫˮʹһǧΪһɫˮȻû֮ǰǿɫˮٶȿݣȴҲŰ˾ǧΪ
ʱʵҲǾԳȫʢʱڵĻ֮ǡ
¾Ǻħʵ
ȻڵʵǶ⣬޾ԭǾǿߴһ磬ҩˮľ磬֪ԽҩˮԽǿǵڵʵҲ㲻̫ǿ
۷弶ʹشǾȻڣֻﵱоۼûиԭˣ֪޾ԭǾǿߴһǿ磬ûΪڹŵټĹűܹɱķ
£Ȼ֪һ磬ҲòȥϾĺѩΪץߵģνĺѩ¡
һһҹʱܿ͹ȥڼ䣬Ҳǽǿɫˮյȥű֮ǰǿһʵһʵ

ű֮УַǷ
д󲿷ּĸ߲㶼ۼҲװεļΪݻŵټĸ߲Աڶ¥һܱղķ䵱С
ɭľƻ߻ģ֪жգ
ϣһ˺ȵǹŵټε峤ɭľĸףŵٳ죬ɫ£ƻƶģȻȫ̷ɭľһֱǼеţļƻûʧܹ
ǣݼƻȷʵ̫ˣ峤鲻зչôá
ϵļ߲Ҳɭľ
ŵɭľһȻףλҹŵɭӵһֱߣΪƶļƻҲûһʧܹݳɼӦλĪİɣ
ɭľԼĹ׵ȷ޴󣬵һļƻͬСɣвʹǹŵټŵ壬ȫ汬ʱ򣬿һʰЩһ
Щһ˵ǡ顿Ȼ˵ؿֲ֯ƺʲô鶼һŰɣҪ֪顿еĳԱÿһޱȣӵеʵܹɱЩǿħǵľƺڱɣǼ֮ĶԹ᣿
ɭľ˵
ү˵ҲеүͲãŵľ¼޸ү
ޣ޾͸ãʱ򣬾ŵ壬г
ŵɭľ˵ףλ岮ǷģѾӵеһЩѣǶʾбҪǶȻǹŵټģ
һеǿ߰æǷ׷׵ͷ
үӢļƻһɹģ
ǹŵٳҲ˵ɭľƻУҪһӦζԸ㣿
Сӵʵ̽ʵǿԶҶ֣콻֣ʵֻó˷϶ΪԼʵҲܹ࣬һܣ
ɭľЦ
ŵٳҲǵͷı㣬ҲɭľҪԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ŵɭľⲻҪǰʾҸڹŵټǰʾ
ŵټ壬ʮ꣬峤Զ棬Ȼ峤ܹεģǹŵٳ죬ϣˣΡ
Ȼӣûʵ̳峤֮λǲġ
һ͵ҷϣǽָʵ̳峤λãڵ졣
ɭľȴһֱǹŵټţеĹҲǲ٣ʵȻܹ̳峤֮λΨһȱٵľϾᡣ
Ȼŵټ嵱е߲㣬ȴ㹻ȥ峤֮λ
ŵɭľҲԾԵʵЩ϶۷
ĻҲùŵٳĲ٣ŵټ彫ɭľĴ£ԽԽǿģ
峤ŵˣ
һŽ˵
ãҲȥɣʡǵʱⷢ˵ǵˣ
ŵɭľ˵

֮УС
һͷУǳŮ򣬲еŮ׷ʾãɣ˧޸أ
ɣڶĳĲʱˣȹŵټĴ֪ǿ˶ٱҲ޸㣡

磬㻹˼˰
ŵľ˵
һЦ⣺Ǹʲôŵ֪Ҳ׷ܶô϶ƨģȻǹŵټĹҪǴƣ
ԸܹŤתƣ
СôҺϣܹ飬øȤ

ţװľС㣬үһοˣֱƯˣ߱үڷֿЩûһ뱾ү
ŵͷӬȻˡ
ľЦү˵ǹŵټڶĸ߲ԱۼҪܲǰ͸¶Ϣأ
ٺ٣үȻԸ㣬漰ܣ϶һľϲģ
ŵ˵˵㻹˰أ
үÿɲᰮһأ
ŵЦ

ΧĲ˶ֹסЦ˳
ŵ١һˬɣҹŵټ㶼Ҫҳ̨Ϸôٺ٣˽ܿܣͲ˶ˣˣһϣ
ŵ١ʶȤ߿ˣŵɰһȢã±Ͷ̥ɣ


1571 Ϸ
ŵټĸ߲㶼վڱ͵룬Ϊ׵һȻ峤ŵٳ죬ЦݣϤףҲ˵λиͷҹŵٳ첻ţλۼű֮Удܣ£
峤̫ˣŵټһָĴ壬ǹűдܣ͸Ұϯˣ
˵
ôһ˵Ҳŵ˷׷ﲻˬҲټһλ߲㣬ټ͹ŵټԭ޷Ǿǰ̧߹ŵټ壬Դŵ塣
ŵ١ƳһŵļˣûзҲ˵мǹŵټȻʵԶƲһָŵǵĹףҲǿڶ壬ҶУȻҪͬ۹ã
ŵ١ⷬȻͬһۣŵ˲ˬˣʱ֪ŵټãҲ
ĻŵıƢ»һʱ
֪峤˷Ϊ£
ŵһλ߲ʵ
£һǵİȫ⣬ǹű֮УץŮ̿ͣ˵ĳеĳԱȻδ֤ʵ֮£ҲǲὫ屩¶Ļǵ壡
峤ʲô˵أȻôҪôˣ˵ɣ
ǲ˵Ǹܣɭľҽ˴̨
ŵ١ȵ
ɭľϰһ̾ͽĺѩͷüͷһ壬˵ǾɣĻҿɲ֤Ǹ޴ĵܻܵɳʲôϲ顤ʬ
϶Ƶ涼޻˵ɭľĻŵĵսļʬǸйӻؿζ
ȻҲû
ǵȻ֪ûã󲿷ֵˣҪǿ١
Ҫڹű֮ϮңԳŵˣߡ
ŵ١ɭľŵǼ˵һ䣬ҲȻ˵λģǹŵټǲܵСģŵʹ˼Ըǹŵټ壬Ͳŵ磡
ԣǹŵټҲǾԲǵģ
ŵ١аЦɭľСӵļƻǾǰѹŵ壬ʹùŵټռƣȻٵ֣չֹŵټİǿʵľ飬ҲѹƵŵ嵽¡
ŵǲͬ⣬ǲʶ̧٣ͬ⣬պȻҲҪŵټ̲
Ķƣ
ȻһѾɹ
ߣ̿;Ȼŵټŵãҽ齫˵
԰ҲȻǹŵټ壡
ɱ

һƬַ
ŵ١ɭľվ̨ϣĿȴһֱŴ󷽣ϣܿӰǵļƻˡ
ȻûҲܹռƻУֻǣЧȻϲ١
ĺѩȻ֪һжǹŵټıﰵ磬һǵĹƣ
ž
űĴűƿ
ŵ١ɭľڴĿ⣬Ϊ߽ȴû뵽ֻһٵ߲Աˣ
Ȼλ߲ԱҲû뵽սôĿ⣬д󲿷ֶǹŵټĸ߲ԱĿ⡣
ЩĪѵǶڵң
ĺѩҲ˿ò磬Ļ
Ŀո£ȻűĴһδˣӺڰУһƵ߿ϵŸѩѣ峺˿ǳ
㣡
ĺѩײײһھ᲻ᱻɱȻ˵ʬķһ㣬ҲüЦһ̣Ҳ뵽Щ˵ʵǿҲ
ŵ١ɭľ˫Ź⣬ԭΪ㺦²ˣȴû뵽վˣ£ƻˡ
ϷҪ̨ˣ
ŵ˶ĺܣǵļƻУҪһ
ŵľ㣬Ҫŵأһ˯һ
СĸģȻĻҪ
ǸǰͣƺҪʶ㣬ȴǱɭĿһۣŵûϽ·վһԣ룺ڵ治ò
λ뿴Ӧþλ̿͵ͷͷˣߣû뵽㻹
ŵ١ɭľǴЦ
ͣٲ˶ھţʲô̿͵ͷ죬ѹֿôţȻᣬǲ
˧ŵǸ˧ˣȦҶҪΪˣҾˣҪҪ޸
˽ʲôǰôûôô
һЩҲ뵽
ŵɿԭŮ㣬ҲһˬСӣȻˣ˧ǲԭ£
ǹŵټôһĺ磬ҪҹôǲǵļƻҲɣ
һȦ
ЩúʧŮһֽǶڼУҲû취ѩֶﻹûģЩŮ˿Ȼԣ۲κλ£˵ܵŮͬӵ
ƻ˵ЩʲôȻǵͷĿǹŵټҲǲŹģ
ߺߣŹô
Цƾ㣿ҪйܵһϣҲͬܵܶȭģ
ͣ
̨±һЦ
ŵĴȦҲʲôϢˣ˶
Ͼǹŵټˣ˭Ҳҷ̨˵
㣬ȴǽ鵱Ц˵ˣҲ̲סЦ⡣
ŵǿ⴩һ׺ɫװģ׼Ŵľʱ˵Щʲôã˿һĻҪԭץˣǺȵ磬Сӿڳĺܣ㽫ܣҪԴͣ
ߣ㣬ȻҾȫʬ
ŵɭľۿ㣬˫֮оɱͽȻгһĨ⣬Ȼһѽɫ䵶
䵶ѾӳƼеȽĿƼֻҪ䵶ȫԣ
ɭľ˵ҲһеĿƼȽĶеҩˮǾǿȻиǱȽƼ
ĿƼ
㰵ԿЦȻƼˣǿ߻еĵۣΪڰˣпƼǮڰǳ棬Ǽһƺ綼ûг緢չȻںڰ֮ٴοһµ磡
磬ƺڰ͹Ԫȫںһ
ȽĿƼԼǿ
磬ûıǿʳһԭ
㿴ǰֺ޲̾ͽԼڽŵµĹŵ١ɭľ¶ЦĺСͬһС


1572 һĶ
˵ʲôȻɭľүһ
ǿԴ󣬹ŵɭľӵеǿޱȣСӣʲôɭľүһֻ־ܽ
ɻС֪ôģ

һȺ˶۷׷ףȻЩյŮȻǾո˵Ļʵǰޱȡ
ŵɭľ˫ųâŵĽɫ䵶ҲȻץ촽СӣΪո˵Ļڵģ
ɢһƣΧĲȺ׷ŵٳʩչһܣɭľҲȻһ
͵ĵâ
ŵɭľϵЦŨңȵСӣǰѾӵеһƿǿǵҩˮӳ֣ڵʵͻλľҲԶˣУҲԩ
ȫΪܲһâϾϴʹ˳ûʹýɫ䵶֮¡
ʮôܻɱ㣿
ֻǵâҪʱһɫâһ˳ǹǿĺ֮Ȼĵâֱӵסˣ
Ͽǰڣôܣôܵס
ŵɭľл㱣һ̣ǿճǹϮǿҵǹâһӿ

ƺ޿ɵֵ
˭˭У֪ģ
㳤ǹඥǹͺ֮ںϣһֱӻǹŵɭľýɫ䵶ֵǽɫ䵶սӴǹֱӱ̿һӣ
ɫ䵶Ȼǰѿ룡
Ҫ֪䵶֮ϿͿĨӿƼеȽֹܹԶֵһ䵶ķ
Ȼĺǹǰ䵶Ȼ
䵶ѿŵɭľʹ˫ȭֵǹȴҪֱһ㣬û˿òǹȻһ͵һŵɭľֱ֮϶쮳Ѫ
ϸȥֻŵɭľ˫۾Ȼȫɱ飬ӣƺҪŵɭľɱˣ
ֲ׵ʵ
û뵽ܹһ˲֮䱬ǿҲùŵټЩֿŵɭľɱ֮ʱֻҲϣһˣ㿪ǹǿ
Ҳ΢΢һɵڶɫˮҲָΪŵɭľԼʵͻλɾͰ񾳽磬۵ʵ൱޾ԭİ񾳽磬źļˣΪҲǰ񾳽磬ŵټ壬ȷǲ򵥣
磡
ŵҲǴ˹װģʵϣв֪ŵɭľɱҪ֪Ļеĵλߣңŵɭľϲǰ˵ʲôҲˬ
Ȼ㣺̿ͷĿǱҹŵټͼı죬컹Ҹˣ浱ҹŵټ˲ɣ
С֣ôΪͷ
ΣиƣΪˣȵϣڣ
ŵټĸȫΧɭľΧ㷽ʩչĺ֮ŷ׭׭죬ҪҲ׵ġ
ûŵͳһѩѣϡ
Сӿ湻װˣʱ̣Ȼ̣
ŵĴ֮Աǡ
ŵľȴ˵磬㲻òϷУ̵ģֱ˧㣬ͱĽʺˣ
ĽߣҪŵҪСӰæͳȥװƻˣ
ɡߡ
û֮ǰһֱŮгݵż񣬵ֻ֮һĺһֱܵˣ
ûãŵɭľϵı˪֮ŵټλڻˣŵɭľȫҲ˲ʧȥ֪˿𷽲ŵĲ״Ҳһ£û뵽㾹ȻʵǿƺȻҲʹƶƻıƻˣ
Ȼƻĳ̶ȣö֪
ΪʧȥӣŵٳҲǺȵСӣ㽫ҶˣҲԳ֣£
ѩѸպó꣬˵ͷ˵Ǽ廹˼йܱܵҴˣ֣类ˣͷҲվҪô
ŵٳ쿴һΧȺԣж¶һ˿ģȻԹŵټԴСǺͬ
ŵһλ߲˵峤ᣡ
᣿к᣿Ҷӣ˶Ŀõģҹŵٳ죬ӵܰοҶӣ
峤֪ʵŵϱ
ϱ
ŵٳɫһ䡣
峤ϢŭҲȷ㷽ʩչĺ֮ʹһ㣡
λ߲˵ʵǡ顿еһԱ

УȻ
飬޾ԭص֯ÿһ˵ʵޱȣŵնɱԭֲ֮ħʵ
˵鵱УԸ죬Ź֡
ҲǽĿͶ㣬СӣƮΪ˵ǡ顿Ա
Ͼû˵սԱҪӵصʵ
㵹ǲǸʲôŹֵ֯ȻӦŵ֣ȻȥǵĻԣ˵޾ԭΪţƵһ֯
к֤ݣСĳԱ
ŵٳüëһ
λӦüǵãʮǰǽħеıѩ˶ռħ֮°ɣ
㣬Ǳѩյͽܣʩչĺ֮ҲǱѩ˴ڸģ峤㲻Բѩ˶˰ɣ

ѩʮǰһսΧۣʱѩһб춯أǶ˱ѩ֮أħֱӱɱһսЩѤһս
û뵽ѩһսʧ֮󣬾Ȼһӣʩչĺ֮ȷбѩ˵ļӰӣ

ŵٳվԭأüͷ޷Ǳѩ˵ӵʵȻǴµ棬ǸΣ
飬ɲǹŵټԵġ
ŵɭľ˵ףһɺԣСӵҵ֤ûУŮҲǸһǰֽôĳԱ˵Ǳѩ˵ĵˣ
ǰףŮǸƵ굱ץģ˶û֤Ա
ŵһ˵ڣŵټ˱Ƕˣ
ŵҲǽ˵үǹŵټ岻ǸղŻһֱ̨λŮǴ̿ôôת˲䣬ͱɭľүƵ꽫ץ߰ӴֲãǹŵټҪסλŮͣԭвɸ˵ܰ
ҲǷӦ׷׿ƺѾʶԼϡ
Ҳû뵽ŵһʱ¶˳ǲǾνĲһĶ֣һĶѣ


1573 ƿ
ʣʱ˿̣ŵټε£˵ɭľŵٳ춼ҪһȵȥģôһôĶӣ
ǿǵŵټ廹Ҫùŵȥŵľ飬˵ѵˡ
ҵܵո˵ĲʵҵȷȥƵץŮˣ̨ϵˣ
ŵɭľʱ˵
磬ҿˣ϶ҿ˰
ŵҲ˵
ֵһһͣ˶ʵԸе󣬹ŵٳȵ㣬Ǳѩ˵ĵӣΪҪ̿ͶԸҹŵټ壿
ѵѩˣҹŵټ岻ˬ
峤ĪҪҵ֪Щ飬ѩƺǲ̽У嵱пɷͼı֮ˣ
λŵĸ߲ˡ
ͼı죿ҹŵټͼı죿
ǹŵټ屻̽ˣŵҲ̽ˣֻ̽鲻ˣ峤ֺ뼤
ߣ
ŵٳҲ֪ǷʵµľȻѾܿƣȻŵҪ㣬Ҳֻ˳ˮ飺µ棬ҹŵٳûвˣ
ǹŵټǻۣӺϾܿó
ĺѩԣĺѩϵѾ⿪ҲǾƺ˵Ұҽ⿪
ĺѩҲǰŷ⿪⿪Ҳ˵㣬Сӣ磬֪ȻǱѩ˵ͽܰǲ
ʲô
ŵټ˶𾪡
콫£
ŵɭľȵ
ŵҲһû뵽ڹϣȻߵ˿ˣ
Բô
ʱ򣬾Ȼһ裬ҲһһĶѣ
ߣ
ĺѩ׼뿪ǷȻʶԼԲ֮ˣҲǸϽҪߡ
ӣܣ
ŵټĸȫΧܣûиѡ
˿ҲһȻǶû뵽úõϯȻܱˡ
ŵĸҲǡݡһ˳ȥаŵɺŵľӣŵٳȵŵΪΣҪסСӣ
峤˴ˣοǹŵټ֮գ󶯸ɸɲðɣ
ߣףǿˣŵ֪ǵļƻǵͬı
ŵɭľǹˣǷڣʲôǱѩ˵ĵӣȫŵ˱ĻԣŵԾҪƹŵټ壡
ߣɭľ㻹̫Ϊŵ岻֪ǹŵټôҪľ飿ȻҼķӦٺ٣ˣ
ɺȵ

ô£úһᣬȻŵ͹ŵټĶԿ
ʲôЩҲֻǱֵģ

˶ЩĪǶǰ⵽ô£
ŵټ˸Ҳû뵽˾ܵļƻȻŵʶƣºȻŵ׼ǹŵټҪǰЩҲǼ򵥵飡
ŵɭľЦЩӵĺĻŵĸٶ࣬Ҳûйϵ컹Ǵˣ
ŵɭľӵеʶӵеĺҲǲ٣ֻǽΪ¹ʶûű
ĻⳡϷ治֪ݱʲôӡ
ŵλֳ֣Ҳû뵽ȻͷӦľӣϾûŵ˴ͨʲôڣ֪ǵļƻʲô
ǼȻ֣ЩŵټˣҲᶯˣ
һֱ߬סĺѩС֣ôһˣҲ֪㶨Ȼǲᶪĺѩܵģ
߬ĺѩ߬һһ㡣
ߣŵɭľŵҲ¸㣬ǰ׳յܵܣῴϵģǹŵټҪɾŻ£ֱǳ룡
ŵɺȵ
㣡
ŵɭľָŴɣŵƺּӾˣһ³Ѫ
峤Ĵ˲ᣬⳡϯҲǳԵıûʲôҪ˵ĻǱȥˣ
ŵĸ߲Ա˵
ŵٳ챻İȴҲǺͼλһӪŭĵںϢҴܵɭľ
ĺѩ֣Ҳ׼뿪ĿƳһԲԶĹŵҲǻ˹ȥŵ˳㣬ǹŵټĵ̣Ƿ뿪ǲˣ㻹
ٺ٣С֣ոļƻԼӰ԰ɣǴ
ļȻ𾪵ı֮£ĺѩ뿪ű
ŵɭľڽˣ㷽ŵǾ仰ҲСӣԭһֱڼңָҪһƤ

ľӱȥŵģܣҲʧĿ뿪λ͵ĽŮﲻ֪Щʲôŵߵ˵ľӣôˣϲСˣ
Ҳ֪ʹ
ľָָؿڡ
ʹϲСˣҲȷʵ㣬ֻѾŮˣľӣʺأ
磬ǰǸ߹ңҸҪԼ׷ôΪʲô㲻ңѵŵ㣬ȲߵǸŮô
ľӣ粻ǲ㣬ҶûĿܾСӲ򵥣Կϵ
ŵҡҡͷ

㲢ûд˻Ƶ꣬ڹԢס£Ԣ㣬ÿһ㶼м䣬ûһȱ
ʶĺѩͷҲӭһȺСӵĳ֣ĺѩȲѣֺϲӶԸתơ
ǳƢѵķһüȰΪɶĺӶϲأѵûкԵô
Ҳ֪ôشȽ̵⣬㵹˵̫ˣ
㣬㣬ôô˵أǲǻҸոڹű˵·ҲǶ͹ҵʱ̫˷˰ô֪Ͳ㺦أ
˵
Ҳֻ˵һ䣬ȴǼĺܣ˵ˣ㣬εеĹŵټ壬϶Źǵģ㻹ܾŵĺ⣬㣬ô˵أ
ΪŵǴ
ҡͷ
ôŮ˲ȥô
ֻ˽ˣŵҲǷƹŵټ壬˭Ҳŵ彫Уŵټض°ոݵģŵȻҲŪܾˣ
˵ǵļֵ֮ûˣŵ岻ǹŵټԸǣǲˣ㻹ŵ屣ǣǳ˵λ
ԭ޾ԭҲһЩΪļһ
ȻԼ統УҲˣ֮еĹĶǣҲǿı˭Ϊ޾ԭͬһϯȴҲ֮Աǡ


1574 
ҹˣܲ
ڹԢһƬյ֮ϣΧụ̂ҲǼõضΣϥ˫գŵ֮е˼ǧ
ŵټ˴Źۣŵ嵽ʱҲȻԹۣУ۲Щŵټˣĺѩǲ£ԱĿǰʵʵԱǣ
Ǹֵ⣡
ǣֻһˣڵĺܣĺѩȣǺȻǻᱻŵټץסģʱв㣬ͬҪͷ
㣬㻹ڵĹŵټıô
Ӱԡ
ŵãŵɺŵľӣǾ仰ľ˵ġ
ŵɵͳһϣƵûˡ
ǣûлŵô
˵
ŵɭľشŵٳǲŹģԸߵ˶Σգ
ľ˵
ΣƺӦÿǵİɣ
㵭˵
㣬Сӣỹǿһ֮Կŵټİɣ
ҲһȦ
㣬ŵȻҽǰչЩѣ֮ǣܹģ
㿴һľӣŵΪʲôҪң
ǼҪ㣬ľӣ֪СĵãľӾȻΪ˰㣬ײǼļλ߲㣡
㣬ҲǰŵĴæ֮ǣҲǷ֮£
ľӳһƣƺô뿪Ҫ㵥ġ
һ֪㲻ûԣ
ݣ
뿪֮ľӿ㣬Щ飬ƺ֪Ҫ˵ʲô㲻Ҫ˵ϴɣôֱͳˣǽܲ˻ǰΪģ
㻹װ
ľ˵
ȻһЦܰչҺܸлϴ飬ʱ䣬ɣ
ڱϵĻƶݺݱ㣬ŮԼڣȻгʱԲۣûôװƵģ
ľӺȵҪǸҷң´Ҿڴ㣬ߣ
ҵţ
УŵټǲȥеĻֻнˣ
Ϊʲô
ֻҪ㱻ӿУĶԹͽ޹أŵټͨʵҲ޷ӵ鷳
ͷӸνأңҺû֤ɣ
ӣӵֻʵǱ޹أ
֮Ȼһµݣ
ľ˵ߵãҸɵûбѡӣҪҲϣ
ǵӾڷÿ춼ڼ±Ѿаû±ˣҸÿ춼켣ĳʵϣÿݶȥʣϣܹӣ
ɣ
㱾ΪǴҲǺһӵܣǱӵĶడ
ӼȻߵã
ǱҲӦȥᣡ

ڶһ磬ǸоԢΧвǿߣľӲûƭŵȷɳǿԢ
ĺѩǽһУ̤ȥ·ϡ
̫ԶϴҲȥᳵ·һ·ϣҲܹо߰һֱβ
ʶ֮̽󣬷֪ȻǹŵټļǿߣȻͣסǰλһֱңҲ͵סҪץһȥôǾɣ
ߣһεĵطץȥʡı˷֣Сӵǲ񣬾Ȼվԭصǣ
ǰ˵У˵ʵѾִ㣬Ҫץ㣬練ƣ־ܰɣ

ߣ֮ǰܹģ
гֺǹûηǰˣҪ֪ڴУȻоŵټһЩǿĴڣǹŵٳ죬һΪڰ֮ˣжڰǿߣŰ֮ϵʵ
Ȼǰ˾ǶִʵҲȫ
Ͼʵͬȼ״£޵еġ
Χ㣬Ϊɣȴû뵽һǹϮǿҵĺϢ˹һɫĹ棡
ͣ
񻹺ãûбڤĻȫشȫճɻҽ
λŲԶվŵ㣬ǿ־֮ɫԭŵٳǲǳΧɱ㣬Ǿʵֻа񾳽磬ǰѾ㹻Ը㣬ȴû뵽㾹Ȼһоɱǣ
㣬㣬ѵ컹ʵ
ߺߣǾȻ˵챾ȷʵûʹȫǵĹŵټҵǸͷʧǰɣ
Ц
Ϊʲôɱǣ
ɱǣɱǣ˭Ҵ
˵Ҫȥӱҳʱ򣬾ǹŵټʧӣ
㣡
УȲҪҵ̫磬Ҳû˵ܻֻҪһ˴
˶С
ȫŻΪһ·ȴû뵽
мһ˺ȵǹŵټľӢͬ㣬Ϊ㣡
˸յͷм˱ƻƲᣬҲ
Ž˶ɱȴû뵽˶Ԥϣ
ƶصˣȻһŤ
ҧҲʣ
˵
˺þã˲ŷֳʤұһ˽ȫնɱЦ˲ΪңҪɱңߣҲôױɱģ
뼤㲻ҪɱȴǰͿӰͷߣıĪ⣬ʵǾˣ˵ܹŵټ壡

⡣
Ȼƶʩȴǿƺ
ţȫȫȽżſֻһɫ⣬Ϊǿˣȴܹƾۿŵṹ
ɱЩ鷳ĹŵټˣûٿҧֱӷҲܹۿŵľṹҲ־Ϊ˵ĸо
⼼Ǵ磬»ĹҪһѧҵͷεɣϾҪڹռɹĵǴ򲻽
ȷţܿú涼һЩΪ˵׼˵ڵĿǰʵܷŶҪʺţ
Ÿվվ˱ͦʿûκĿ񣬱һ̨ӦǲĳЩǱܣ
ΪѾһĶ飬һЩѾ߽УȻÿһ˽ȥ֮һʿẰأ
Щ˶һһ뿪ɫȻﻹһЩεĻģܾɥ鵱У㻹һͷŵɡ


1575 ܽ
ŵվڶ֮УĿ⾼ƽʱɵģ浽ſڣû˰Ʀһֱ˵ӣһҪҴ꣡ҽ
ûйѾǵˣ治֪ʲôʱܴ갡
Ҫ֪Ǳܹٷֻ֣дﵽһʮϣܼ񣬽һʮãһٰʮ㣡
ֻ˴ﵽһʮ֣һʮֵһ˶ûУ

һȺ˶ǰŰղѣʿȴǰͦأ飬ǿֻһֱ˵һ仰أ
ŵĴү˰СӺÿڶģÿڵĽһأ
Ҳѹŵ͹ŵټ嶼ǵĴ壬һʵ󣬵һȴнϴ𣡡
ŵ١ӣŵ١ɭľ͹ŵ١һţʮһ˽֪Ĵŵȴֻǳ˧ƯˣֲܵԣôŬϣܹӣŵһֻǿϧӵǱԼѲ⣬ǰƺҪӽһʮˣջһʮұˢ
֮ѣڵ찡ֻҪˣǾǵܵıʳǣÿһλߵĽ

ŵɣ
վǰͣзΪŵһԱȷֵý
˶ܿһڴɵߣɱЩҲŪüĿȻһѹ
Σ
һɫâڴ壬ɵɫҲǻָƽ
϶ǲأļ⵽Ҫѵ˰
һЩ˶ۡ
û֣
ô᣿һ˵һʮ£϶֣һȴûУ
ѵ

ҲǴ߳һλʿ˵һʮ֣ͨվһԵȺ򣡡
ͨ
ɾһƺȫѹкͨˣŵɣԺŵ壬Ҳһӵˣ
˿Ŀ⣬𺳣ĽȻҲмʡ
ɺһŽƽһ٣ȻûһܹͨͽȻзŹ⣬ȣ㣬СӣȻҲ
ǰ滹ˣеľȣҲǶһѩѹȥȻӹ𣬳һڣٴμȻ̣СӣֲôģܽҷҪ̣
ӣ

ǰ˶ûͨޱ飬ߵǰҲȵ㣡
оһЩǻͣ͡Щڼ޵һ֮ٿ֮еĲʹ졣
һֻιһߣҪƱۣȥɣ
ڵҲǷӿȻ˶оһը
飡
ʿ˸һȥɾȵĿŲԶȻըˣ
㣿ѵըˣ
һ
һɢȥҲǶܿ˳ʿǵһʱ˸ԣʿȻû£Ҳ൱⡣
һ˵ʮ궼ûлôܻᱬըģ
ңǱըˣСӣôû°
ҰҲ֪ô£ЩߣȻͱըˣ
ҡҡͷһģ
ҲûСֵܣǰɣҪȥϼ棬ʱûͨԣ
ûͨԣͨĸʶܵͺðɣҲŵɽͨˣˣټ춼ܲˣҲԺúϢһˣЩӶվˣ
ʿ˵
㵱ҲУܵǹԲŷһ£û뵽ͱըˡ
ˣȻû취ͨԣ
ŵɣ

ߣֻһ˴ﵽ׼Ϊ±
Ҳǵͷһ㣺Сӣ治ãһΪܳΪأ
ʵȻڹűмʶģǿޱȣʵǱҪͨȻѡ
Ҫת뿪֮һâȴ˸ǰһλžװ־˳ʿ˵
˾ȻǾĽ
ҲǸܵǿϵҲǺΰһ˫۾ޱȣƺܿġ
Ȼ⽫ĿĿ⽻ӵʱĸ⣡
СӣȻͬѰȻСŪģȻװһû˵ģߣ
λ
Ҳʵ
һʿ˵ͶٽеĲܽ
Ͷ٣
Ĳܽ
Ǵ˵Уһ˵ǹƥڻԭնɱֻħѪĲܽ

Ȼ֪⽫ʵǿҲûбֳʾϾֻûлָʵˣʵԭ⽫ûʸվǰ
ţŵɣͨԵĵһˣ
ŵɣҼͶٽʵ̫ˣ
ţƨĵĲ
ͶĴɵļʿҲ˵Ͷٽеĵһλ±Ȼˣƶʱڻܲԣ
ûйϵʡԼǵʵֻҪܹסһеģýӵʸ񣡡
Ͷ˵
ʲôͶٽԼʵҪһҪ֪Ǵ˵еĲܽ˭ܳһ
ʣѣ

ɣмĻ㽫ûһ˿ϣ
Ͷٺ˵
֪
ҲȻź˼ͨԵĴɶͶ˵ҲԼлᡣ
ʿ׷ҡͷͶٽǲԸļˣ˭Ļϼأ
ͶٵĿϣ˵ȻôҪңôҾͳȫɣ
ͶһĿ⣬Ȼҵ뷨Сӣҿе˲š
㣬ͶٿǲܽҪСģ
˵
óһѩѣΪźĵϣһѩˣԺҪ޾ԭѰµƷˣ
Сӣ֪ӵУǲ̵ܳô
Ͷٺȵ
ҿɻǾеһԱأ޷ңԺǾӵˣȻҲ޷ҵģ
˫ŰͶٵһȦ
Բۣ
ΧĻжСţưڰͶٽǰɫ䣬ƤЦ̫Ϭˣֱż
ߣܿסһ˵ɣոյĻǷϻ
ͶٺȵŴһŵˮܵĲ̫ңŵĻǷ뷨Ҫȫ㡣


1576 
ھͿôҳѩѣ
˵
СӣΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ʱ䣬ʶ̽ڵôߣ
Ͷ˵
ѩѺܹģ
㷴Ц
Ͷ˵ʵûȷڹ۲֪֪ˣսͶĿǰʵ㲻٣ںڰʶĵһǿߡ
ʵʵȻûмʶȰͶǿŵټЩǿߣ°Ͷٶǻ־նɱ
Ҫһˣ۷״̬£ö룬ֱһķɣǽʱͬգǲĻܾܿҪԷܣ
ܣϲһָо
ںεء
ǿܽǲܽȻ
վһԣѾܹܵͶһɳȻɢͬʱҲһͷţȰͶ
ôɶһͶپΪԼʵģΧҲֻʵǱðͶԼ顣
Сӣһ˫ȭڻԭⲿնɱʮֻħ˳ȭ޵У޵нҲɴ˶ܵסȭͨҵļ飡
ͶԭֻʹȭԸ㣬ǼԴҲǼӴȣ
֣
㽫ͷ˳ȥǹ֮УĿᶨûаηͶ١
ʨȭ
ͶȭȻֻʨӰȥһ㣬ʨȭҲǰͶԴȭˣڻԭ֮ⵥǹƥնɱֻħõȭ
еĺǹֱ˳ȥǿǿҵĺǵʨȭȥͶٸЦʵ޷ƽʨȭȴû뵽֮УһɫĻҲͬʱ˳ȥ
ڤĻϺǹƣ
Ȼںһ飬γһ޴
ֱӽǵӰһʨݻ٣ȻռϷһ㣡
ǿȻһ㣬ȻĿס˰Ͷٽһ
ɳԾ
ϵʿҲǰԾȣȻȻסˣСӵʵܹﵽһٰʮ֣ߣ
Ҫ֪һٰʮ֣ѾǸĶԽȻǶ˸ӱ̬ķ룡
ϾǾһЩǿߣҲһܹסͶٵһֻ
СӣûһʨȭȻƣʵⷲȷЩСίˣ
ȻҪĻˣٺã츳ٸߣŬҲûаôģ
ӽһԱ
Ͷ˵
ʼ磺һҪģ
ڽ˾벻˺˵СӣȷЩڲͬ
ͶЦ
˿ʹɽӰһĽͬʱ˵ѡҲǸһΪǿļ󣬷ҲǴΪı䣬ľҲǳΪһЩʼջǵõǸ˵ֵס޵нͶٵһȭһȭǸı䡣
ȻⶼǺ󻰡

ŵټĹűС
ŵ١ɭľѾָȫԭһĺ֮һָҲָܻĺܿ죬ǹŵټǲ㵽ںϢʩʲôȻʹú֮ԭѣ
ڹŵټȷʵмλǿأǳ˹ŵ١ɭľ
׳һĵܵܣ
ɭľһŽڲԶ߷ɣⲻǵ˵棬Ҳǵ׹ŵ١档
û˰˵ûϾ˭֪ϯ˵ЩʲôƵĻ
ʹĲҽг֪ʱҪǶ˵䣬׶Ҫˣֻ֣ŵټ壬ֻɭľ
ϹŵĻһˣҧʤˣĻҲǳɹˣɭľ˵ףû뵽㾹Ȼôǿλǿߣλǿߣ˺Ȼ޷ץסŪ߸
Ȼ˵ǹҧ࣬ǽһīˮȫƵϡ
ţȷʵŵҲѾŵҪѣԢ򲻵ѣǻǲҪȥˣʡĺŵͻ
ŵ١˵
˵ļǣںŵѾ˺ˣ˫ֻҪһ𻨣пܱʱûپͲˣ
ɭľ˵Ǹ㣬ϯļƻŵҲضûа취ƾ֣
ɭľ˵Щ޲ˣǹŵټȻʧЩҲ˴ţŵһȷǣǾеƾһ㣬վͽѹŵ壡
ߺߣǸŵɻÿڶȥԣôҲûûͨԣŵδǺڰģ
ŵ١ɭľ˵ǸҲΪܶǹŵټɱ¾ߣʵȻǿ󣬵ȴעǱǱ㣬Ҳǽȥģ
¾ҽھݣʶڶѣҪھУ練ƣ
ɭľоâ䡣
ܹܵŵ١ŸʱǷˣǵϴйʱһСͼƽ޹ʾʧˣȻ֪ЩĺһɵģȻҪùˣ


;һ֮еļȽҲЩ̾Ϊֹ⵱ÿʿһѲǹⲽǹǹЩǹе
ǹͲ⣬ЩԼ¾λ⼤Уֱ۶ᴩһ
֪Щǹе
еĵȼɭϣξξξٽн󽫣һ˵ʹǿʿھӵеıģξϣҪͨרҵļ飬ʵ²Ÿɣеǣȱһɡ
еȹϵȻҲУʹɽʿ˵ŵټɭľ漫йϵǰ굱ҲΪиξıھУҲɭľҪѡϴϢ
ô
Ц
Զǹ統ĳӵеľΣȻ֮ԱǣɭľϴҲãԺԸɭľǴһ
㣬ҿ˼ɭľھԿ
Щĵ֪ɭľⷲżǿȻܻɭľɭľûа֣
˲ңҲˣΪҲȥͲң
Ц
ţ㣬ھ޵нһսҾ֪㲢ǳ֮ˣԺŵɾͺˣǹŵټɭľ񵰣ʱҸһ
û뵽һԵĴ緢ʿҲĴָǿۼ±ӶǺʵ۸ģǻҪ۸ɭľʵв˳һһǿ
ǳǰˣƱҪǰɳ̲ϣ
˵


1577 
еҲǼ䲻սȥ±ҲסŶԢϲ˵˵ǲ
ɣǷΨһ±ǹھס£׼ʱڲٳϣξǼٵ±ǸҳٵУûܹסǣ
һʿ˵ҲҪܣرǿƼԺھУĹ˿ǲϣ˴ţңеʿôƼԺҲҪܴģ
ɵͷ֪ˣʦ֣ǻȥɣҺͷ绹ȥЩϹüͷҸ˵ƼԺе˾ûһģ
ȵʿ뿪󣬴˵磬ʲôأ봳ǿƼԺɣҸ㣬Ͽ鷿ģ
鷿
ȻղʿиˣһϾεʿ鷿ֻҪ鵽㲻ڹԢУκɣҪǹһΣμǹһȫͨжֱӱϳ
ôûһ˱ͨҶߣȻҪӵģͨɾԻᴫǶ֪ġ
ǰ鷿Ҫ˲ˣ뻹Ϊ±ҵǼǵģǷҿ˲鷿ı񣬽Ȼǹŵ١ɭľ鷿Ը񣬿ҪץûڹԢУΪµģ
ŵ١ɭľôҲǾеÿҪ鷿ȻƽʱҲ߹ϾҶʶ鲻ڹԢ඼ֻ۱ֻۣǺȻŵ١ɭľҪǷ㲻ڹԢôᷢʲôˣ
鷿
۾Уţ֪ˣҲģ
ҲǵͷǻصԢС

ҹĻ٣㿴źҹ˸ŵĵǹ⣬ҲǷ
ڰȻеô򵥣֮⻹ҪǬ޾ԭУǴһЩҩˮǱ׼ˣҪѸ֮иЩҩˮ֮
һԾ£ӰӹԢ¡
Ÿֺ̽Щϣȴǲûκη֡
Щֻ̽ڵ۽ϣǸ޷̽ң
Ӱڵ֮ϴУҪ֪ڿУĿ̫󣬵ʱǲú̽ǣܿ㡣
ʶͷųȥƼԺҲʵڲѰңʹ±е˶ĺܣ
ûξ֮ϵľΣһʿôƼԺҪܵ󴦷ģ
ƼԺ˼壬зƼм
ֻҪʮעһƿǿҩˮʹõ̲֮ɾ磡
Ȼ˿ݵ֮ͨ·Ҳֻӵ֤˲ע䣡
ȣŷˣ׿Щƶطˣ͸ûݴ
λ磬޾ԭĴڡ
ɾλֻͨŬߣ
ŵ١ɭľʮעҩˮɾλǼмǱմ꣡
ڷҲʹùŵټһϣ
֮ϣǰ񾳽磡
ɭľھд˰˾꣬ΣʵҲǽһ߳ɾͰ񾳽磡
Ȼעǿҩˮֻ֮ͿԱʵˣǱ޷꣬Ҳλ
ŵɣѾгȥɭľ֮ٮٮˣ
ǰһɫĹűǱڶ࣬ɻȴûκμϵͳűĶˣż׵Ľ⡣
Ӱ¶ͷ֮ϾȻ׹⣬ֻ׹⣬㵹ǽ׵յڡ
˭
ЩȻӦȫܡ
ѹűûκμϵͳԭһ߿ƼֻҪ˴űķΧ֮ڣ⵱оͻ׵磬ܴ󣡡
ҲǼе׹ǻһλϣɣֻа񾳽˲пܽҲҲҪش
Ȼ֪ǣʿŵľװŵֵ׵Чλžװ׹УʵҲ˰ˣ񾳽ʿûκˣɼеľװǺ֮ǿ
׵޷˵
ôûдװıǶ٣
Χˣʵڰ񾳽֮ϣ˫ۿЩɻζ
װһûзװţ֪
һЦ⣬ûκη塣
˶һ죬ĬҲǴ֪˴˵뷨
һСӺܹ죬ܱжشʵ;һĴڣ
ڶСھ߶ȻװҪ֪װһʿھеӾװϣ٣֪ʲôεģڣȻûа취֪
һ˻˵λ٣ǿƼԺصأǲʾݣҲû취ȥ
ֻξϵĵȼִܵɣ
ʵ
٣ǵģ
ôǾʲôΣ
Գٵʵξϣ
ξô
ͷװҽ쵹ûϣҪƼԺһˣôģܷи㣿
˵ʵɣҵҲǱίģҪǲҽȥҲͲȥˣʡ鷳ǣ
ίɣ
Ǽ˶ŵ֪λίɳģ
ʵǷŶǼʶģûдžװ£סһʵ硣
ӵʵģҲξϵĵȼߡ
ίξĳ٣ֻǽˡ
ţǷĽãҪǴܲģǾ͸ţƺˡ
Ǿ»ܣ
Դǡ
»ܣܷʳǷǴܲģ
ȻѵΪܳô
͵ЦԭûôƶԷԼݣȴû뵽ǰṩˣ
ܲ
ͺñȵ꿹սеԱһ˭ͽֺ㣬Ӳ㡣
̸ƨɺ棬Ƕ٣
ŽĴξε˵ͷĸһ·ָ㽲ƼԺеһЩѧоֲ
ҲǴ˽⵽˹Ƽоһ
׼ȷ˵չ߿ƼҪӦ档
һ棬ǿˣ˵ǱޱȾ޴ܹҩˮǱʹǿ
ڶ棬ħ
ħͺڰ統е޲ͬһּΪǿĴڡ
һֻͨĳħԴݻһС͵ĳУ
ΪħݻĴͳУҲڻ£
ø߿ƼɱħѧԺоķ
ξ㽲һЩħ¼֮ʱüɫ裬ȻҲڲԹɫ㲻ϲЩݣ֪Щԭ˽֪飬ȴǲûа㷴С
ξЩˡ


1578 һ֮
Ҳǵ뷨ʱʱĻԼǺмֳٵ
٣ҿҲǵһ̽ǷĿƼԺţķȫܱյģԹЩѧһоǼ£꣬һ䣬Ѿûпˣ
һξ˵
궼ûпţ
Щ˼
ξָָϵǸ䣬ʶȥ̽⣬Ȼָ̽ⲻ䵱еǰ䣬оƼķ䵱УҲһܹ̽⡣
оɹûǶģңǿƼԺвȽܱռ¾ϽǿߣҲ޷̽
ξ˵
Ҳ͵ͷҩˮĵطȥ
λξ¶Ϊ֮ɫȻҩ˽ȥۿԭǵ˻ҩеҩˮҪ֪еһЩҩˮɶǼֵǵģ
ôǻҽȥ
Ȼû취֪ЩѧоʲôֻȥۿǵоɹˣʣЩҩˮܸ֪Ĵ𰸡
ߣξǴ󵨣дܲĳٵģ
ء
Ϣŭ룬룡
ξϽ˵
ǰξ·ϣЩѲߵξξⷬҲǳʩһλξƺЩĪסȥ·
ȵȣ
ξ˵ƼԺôвװĴڣѵεĳٲɣ
ĿⲢûзϣξξ˵ξˣλǴܲ̽ƼԺģ
ܲģ
ξ˵ƾ֤
Ҫƾ֤
üͷ΢塣
ɢǴ˿ܽͶԵĻȻᷢ˿̵㾹ȻͷųҪǿ
ϾƣǺ;йأȻʵ𣬵Ǿ磬ȴǲҲܹǿ١
ֻһ鷳ֻͷųͶ൱
ƼԺУȴǽȫɢξŵû٣ҹŵ١Բľ۲ʶ̩ɽԲҲûģ
ŵ١Բľ
ջƣǹŵ١ɭľıܣ
ǵøսʱʿƺŵ١ɭľиھξ벻ǰŻǰŵļһ
ֵܣͦ
ǵģ٣ѵʶɭľھֲΪ
ߣٷŽʱ򣬿һʿ̵ѯȥ˱ǹŵټɭľȷҪΪ
ʲô飿٣ģҾԻǵŵ١ɭľشǷɻľȹϵҾԻ򣡡
ŵ١ԲľһԭΪǰٶɭľСӡ󲻴Ϊ۹ⲻ֪˲ţȴû뵽෴ţɭľСҲɵư̵Ȼᱻٿʵ̵֪ô
ŵ١Բľǵյ±ʱһ̵ں³ֱϣһŴŽ̵Ūûġ
ξţǶ˵٣ǹŵ١ԲľŵĽھеĹϵҲǲʶٽǰѵҲֻ鲻ã
ҲǰЦŵ١ɭľֵжǶã벻Ƕа
ҩܿ͵ִˣвûʲôҩζصļξ㣬ҲǲҴ⣬Ծʩͷ
ξ˵٣ǲܽȥɣ
ֻнҩ
ҲǴ˽ȥ
߽ȥ֮ǼξСۣǶⳤ˭ǰûм
ܲĳ٣ǿɵСĵ㣬Բľξѵһ
Բľξѵһǻǣû˵ĻҲҪѵⰡ
˽һӰҲվǰ⼸ξŵû
վǰĲǱˣǲܽͶ١
Ҫҩȡһƿҩˮȴû뵽⼸˽Ǻȵ˵ʲôܲĳ٣
ͶٽλپҩУ
ߣ
ͶҡҡͷҾǸմܲûʲôɹҵҪĸ۸ð䳤٣
Ǽξ𾪵ĴԭأôҲ벻ͶٽȻ˵ⷬ
Ͷٳҩʱ򣬴һӰߣǼξͶǱһĨЦ⣬ǶʵҪҪȥ׷
ˣѾ֪˭ˣ
ǼξãȻ⣬⽫ô£ôŭڵǴЦˡ
뿪ԢĲãɱ㹫ԢķţӦԴɵҲ㶨Ȼ뿪˹Ԣ
ˣСӻǲ˵˽ɭľ鷿ʱɾͲˣ
ĹԢ漱ת
ɣҪǽ켸Ѹңһ벻ַﶼͨԣ
ȻǽջصĹŵ١ɭľǼĵ֣ҲһЦ
ɫһ䡣
Ȼ벻ǸһȻҲܽߣûϵУܹģ
ɭľЦ
ɭľ㻹ţɲļң
Ȼҵļңֻھֻڽҹŵ١ɭľϴϢͻ䲼ˣߺߣУ㶼СϺףֻģ
ŵ١ɭľ˵ôɣŵò˵ôŵȻǹŵټ˺ˣУҲǲģãڹԢ㣬ٺ١
Ȼ⹫Ԣ֮У
Źŵ١ɭľȻҲ˵ɭľСӱΪһľװͿҫҪ֪ϯϣǱŰûУƾ㣬Ҳͷ綷
ʲô
ŵ١ɭľȵȻ˵Ҳ㶷ðȻ綼ˣǴ㱧Ϊŵе
ɭľ磬СӲµĻǾ֪֪Ĺأ
˶˵
ŵĴү⼸ҪǸҶңҲ鵽ǵٺ٣ʱұضҸǲֺúðչˣ
ŵ˫г־âǼ˶ŵ⣬±вԼˣôҼ˵ˣǲҪԸô
СӾˣҿʱ䣬ûõģСӱϲ𣬾ôЩʱ䣬ҲȻڹԢУ
ŵ١ɭľֱӽԢƿ


1579 ҩˮ
ŵ١ɭľƿԢŵʱһǿ۾Ǽ˶۾һһŴԡ˳ȻܿˮεĺۼȻǸԡг˸
磡
ŵɻ˿û뵽ȻϻˣһϷܿˡ
㣬㣬ô
ɭľȵ
ĬҲѵȥŮԢȥô
㵹ǲ̫ǷŮ
ôᣬҵӴɳȥˣһǸոջĶԲԣ
۾ϹôҸոһֱԡҵϴ裬ʲôɳȥˣڲ⻳۾⣬ѵ۾⣡
ɭľĻðƫƫû֤֤ողڹԢűһ˵ոտôҪˣ֤ʱһ޷
˿ĿЩҲǲ˵ˣһӰӣǲͲ֪ˣ
˦˦ˮëֱӳɭľͷ˹ȥɭľУҪ˽˶Թԣַʽʵ̫˰ɣ鷳ˣԺ۾һô
ޣ
ɭľëڵϣƺŵϵĺζȷǸողŴӴɽġ
㿴ɭľ粻ȻıûѹϾȷڿƼԺܵ˰Ͷٵĳ֣ԾŴʱ䣬ҲǻصԢϴ˸裬ĺܡ
㣬ģȻץ㲻ڹԢİѱǣСӣȴȷԼԢ
ɭľ˵
ȷû취ҲĶ֣۸ɣҪ֪ż鷿ֶܲܿɣ
ץСӣҲô
ٺ٣ɣ±עҪعأμǹǻᱻȫͨʱŵ壬Ҳ֪ھɵĺˣ
㣡ɣ
ɺȵ
ɣҿɲôΪ缸ߣ
ɭľ˦˦ͷ뿪ĹԢ
ţ
һ
վſڵĴ̽Źϡ
㣬ʲô
ʲôѵ֪иŴô
Ц
ʲô㻹ɣ
ɭľȵ
ֱһƻɭľͲ֣֮ûУֱӱؿڡ
Ѫӿ
˹Ԣĵذ壡
û£磬˯
ҲȻһֱ߳ӽɭľߵ컨ϡ
ҪߣȴǶסһ˸һƣ
Ƭ̣˶׵˵ϡ
ɭľ磬㲻˵ˣôӣôᱻĺ͹һ
һ˻һ㣬ǼҲǾеϱˣټɭľԲľξĹϵ˶ҵǡ
ȴû뵽ɭľǼ㹫ԢҴģ
Ҳͣ±һ죬͸Ҵ
ҪǴ˳ȥǻ˵ã
㣬֣ϴϯңھҴң֪֪ұ˭
ŵ١ԲľξѴӦʱұܹǴǣߣ
УҲǷֹȷ
һ㶼Щܼ򵥵飬ͱ鷿ʲôġ
Ծ洦ʿ
һŲɭľԴϣǵϽΣ
˶ŵȻһˣôǿƣжĪ֪Ͳɭľ鷳ˣ
飡飡飡
⴫
磬ҪҪţ
ʲô
ű򿪣콫ʹͽʿһû뵽㹫ԢоȻ㾫ʣϵ˲˵ŵĻɭľ
ʵҲǹģﻹʵ㣬һ˵ҪԸɭľ벻ǶԸˣǳǰˣǰ˱ɳ̲ϰ
ɭľԲľξлҴ˺üԢŷ
磿˵ǲҵϢֻҪҵϴ̽ⶰԢʿټˣҪͷСӣ
ģŻʵ
һ˹ȥ
Ҫ֪ŵ͹ŵټ֮ļ϶Ҳʹôɭľǳʹ졣
ˣξ˼ڵֵڼŷʱȡΣȵֺˣٻָΣ
ʲôڿЦôұ˵϶Ǻ㴮ͨƭҵĶԲԣģ
ɭľ
ɭľݶûˣҿ㻹ôװƣ
Ц
ҲһŽ߿
˹ĹԢʿҲ˵㣬벻һͽɭľڵϣҶҪһˣСӵıɲǸǵ
磿綼жˣǿģ
˵
㵹ûʲô飬ͱ֮ڴϣڿƼԺһ
٣ǴһЩġ
ҩߵļƿҩˮ˳
Ƹһƿ
Ϊʱ̫æҲֻƿҩˮ
ɫҩˮܸܳӦþ˳֮ʱܹҽԺעǿҩˮ
ûôҲ׼ʹá
ɫͻɫҩˮЧǲö֪ˡ
ǰٶֵĵ壬ҩˮע䱾ڣҲиã
㽫ɫҩˮעڡ
һѩ֮ͬҪľһ㣬Щ𿪷ҩˮĿѧڱϵĻȻᷢעƿɫҩˮǱѩˮⲢעõģǿԸޣ
ƿҩˮǶԭ֮ȥĻܹʮֻħס
ǿı˪֮ľ֮УȻûн㶳סҲ֪ʵ֮ǿ
ʵϣǱѩ֮ˢľʱڵڤĻѾ˲ĿĲԶΪ赲ǹɱ˪֮Ľ룡
ȴǲ뽫ǹɱѩ֮ų⣬÷׭ںϣ
˿̵ҲðɫâڱںϣҲܵ
ûã˫һâ˳ϴһ˿Ц⣺ɫҩˮǲԭڵıԪؾͱȻԪҪϲ٣֮޼ˣԺںϱҲܹǿϼ֣
ңԪصӣҲʹúǹСɫɫһֱչأ޹ؽҪˣ
ѪȻǾŻĳ˯ҲʹǹΪĸһֱҲõ˳֣ȻƿɫҩˮҲʹúǹܷӳ
ĿҲƿɫҩˮɫҩˮ˳ƿɫҩˮ²ǸյģǶԸħģƿɫҩˮʲô
Žƿɫҩˮעڣȴһ죬Ǿʿϵ


1580 
ǴӿƼԺİɫűϵϴģǾĸ䣬
һ˵ǲֽ̫ΣϾпԭⲿϺѳħ
ȻҲżмħĴڣȻǿ߻ɱˡ
ξ֮¾εʿȫҪٳȥ
ξ֮ϵĳҪħֵĴ£Ȼøϸٳġ
ҪĲǱˣξŵ١Բľ˿̣һڵվڶǰ
ߣŵ١ɭľվš
ֻǺܶ˶ŵ١ɭľһ׵ģҪ֪ɭľУѵ˸Ҵ
֪Ĵɺʿƺŵ١ԲľҪʲô
ɭľ˭ģ
ŵ١Բľȵ
СӻûСӿأ
ɭľָɡ
߱ŵ١ԲľȵԭŵСӣһȻŹôӣҳУ
ƺףɱ뷴룬ûбҪվ˳ȥ
һ˽ô
Բľȵ
ǵģξˣҹڿƼԺɹƭľ㣡
ߣұȥƼԺѲӣͿС⣬û뵽ϻڿƼԺе飬ðܲĳ٣Сӣ
ŵ١ԲľһӵĻ档
ԭջصס˼Ž飬õȷҪ򣬸һʿɭľʱȡһְȴû뵽ƼԺһξƼԺʱ򣬱ı׵Ĺŵ١ɭľҲߣģһѱһᣬùŵ١ԲľĲ̣ôҲǹŵټˡ
ɭľԲľȷǴɭľ֮ˣǽڿƼԺװܲĳˣ
Ϸˣҹŵ١ԲľξС׼ɣ
֮ڣûиϵٳʲô̷
ŵ١ɭľȵ
һμǹԼҪȫξ֮¾εʿϴϴڿ㣡

ЩʿЦ
̷ȻѾãƺûΥϾЩǵһ
Ҳ뵽ŵ١Բľ˿Ǹʲô̬
ξˣ´˿ŵòҳˣ
ţɭľ±ڹԢд㣬ôģⱾǾĹأ
ŵ١Բľȵ
ʵϲģһֱֵĻȫɽתͨԡ
ɭľҲǴ˴֣Ǵһ˿⣺ɣô߱ߵˬɣǲȫû뵽֮䣬ȫһ
ڵʱпңڵĻ˾ȫУ
ɭľүҲˬˣʲôһŰ߷ɵĸоˬˣ
Ц
±ţ棬ξǰɭľǳţ»
˵һǸأҲɵϴ󣡡
ϴʲôϴ󰡣СܶҪˣϴôˣ

ŵ١ɭľһȭһȭǿŴɵؿڻȥҲȻһȣ˫ȭϾֻλʵŵ١ɭľɳȥʱоںȻӿһ
ԴȪһ㣬ʹôĻϲ֪Ȼڰ
ǱҴɵ˰ɣȻЦĳ
ŵ١ɭľһȭӳ;öԸɾŰһ᲻κξҪ֪ǽľ磬ʲôأֻλˣ
Ϊһȭôˣȴû뵽ɵ˫־Ȼץסȭͷ󣬴ɸһȭ
һȭɭľͣɭľŴȻֱӴˣ
䣡
ǹɰһ߳ٴνɭľ߷ɣԲľҲǳ֣ɭľ¡
ۣ
ɭľ³ѪȻҡͷܣôܻң㲻λʵˣ
ԲľҲǾЩΣĵɵϣǱֻһʮֶѣܸսʵ
ԭҲһ⣬Զ㣬Ȼˣ磡
ͷ
㣬㣿
ԲľɭľҪ
ȻڿƼԺˡ
ȻƱˣĳ֣ʹʿͲʿһֳٵʡ
ûдҲйϵɣ
ôôĵľΪ˶Ըǣ
Цһѵһ㣬̵Բľ֪ʲôӲ硣
磬ξôܱס
ɭľ¶һѪˣһ˵ͻһѪ಻ԡ
ŵ١ԲľҲǰ԰ʲôһΥɵʿѣҿξΣѵҴô
㣬ϴƼԺٰܲ٣֪
ŵ١Բľȵ
֪ξ˵ʲô
ҡͷ
㣬Ȼ磿֪Ӳ±ѵǲ֪ģ
ŵ١Բľ֮УȻһѺɫСǹ
û˻ỳɫСǹҪ֪սʱҲһѲǹⲽǹһλϣԶʹˡ
Ȼ㲢ûηŵ١ԲľеĺɫСǹ
㣬ξ䱸ɳĮ֮һǹȥǰ񾳽ǿߣҲҪܵش
ô
㿴Źŵ١ԲľŵģҲǲһЦ
ȻƤЦŲţھͶʩչṇ̀
ṇֻ̀λʵһǹҪھ֮ڣѹ񶼲ᴦ̣֪кȨ
֮УȻк̷ܶΪ̣Ȼȥѹ
ŵ١Բľ˵ĻסҲȷûдȨɭľĻȴᶨԼ뷨磬Сӵʵǰ񾳽ˣɳĮ֮ԸҲģˣΥ͵±ǲԼ̣ԺιΣ

ŵ١Բľȵ㣬Υȣǽ֪ҲҵģοһǹҲɱ㣬ߣҪشľӰ񾳽磬ã
ƾ㣿
˫һ䣬Ӱһĳڹŵ١Բľǰû뵽㾹Ȼҳǰʲôѵң
Ҫ֪ҿξΣ
飡
һȭӳ
ŵ١ԲľӦҲʹȭͷ
ܵξȻҲŰ񾳽ʵûж䣬ȴǺǿʵҲͱȹŵ١ɭľǿһЩ
ʵȻû㶷ġ
ҲҪеɳĮ֮ǿƼԺĸ߿ƼֻҪ㣬ܽ飬ʹص磬пܱϵ
뵽ԽξСӵٵŵ١Բľһ˷ܣ
Ҫ۶һ̣˶ˣǰɳĮֱ֮ӱС
һ̣ŵ١ɭľϱǱɳĮָ֮ţĶߴ죺㲻Ǻϲǹôأϲֱǹָŵĸоô


1581 ҩˮеĹ
ŵ١ԲľɳĮָ֮ţ˼㣬⣬ξµʿû֪ɳĮ֮
㣬ǹҪ߻Ҿˣ
ɳĮ֮⼸ξϾεĳٲŻǹеҲǿƼԺоһΪҵĶǹ
˵ǶԴǻ壬Ҳضܵش
ʿ˿Ҳͬһ㣬˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ顣
ξǹָţⳡ棬˵ǷҲ԰
ŵ١ɭľ͵ѪûֹסĿ࣬Ҳһﲻ
ողһֱôڵ֪ˣ
㽫ǰɳĮ֮ŵ١Բľˣŵ㣬ǣ۲ʶ̩ɽǺú
һʼɲ
磬ҲҪ̫һﲻ˵еôǾ£ҪʵɣһǹȥҲٰ
˵
ŵ١ԲľŵûѾıˣҴ˵֮󣬾ԺͷеһƴҪŭһǹ
йŵ١Բľǰɣո˵ʲô֮ûϵٳôͷţ
ǹһΣҪξ֮µʿϴڿ㣡
ŵ١Բľί˵㣬ûΥ氡ҸոѾ˲ٳ
Ŷôҵȷ֮Ÿϵٳģô˵Ϲأξˣ
⣬
Υ˱Υˣ޹زɷԲξˣǹԼͿŰɣֻǣϴڿʲôˣӦ֪ô˰ɣ
ϴϴ
ŵ١Բľᡣ
ҿǶ˵ģξҪϴڿ㣬ȫ֤ҿξҲʧȫʿɣ
Ҳ˵
ڲ֣ǰֻŮǰˣˣᣬǰԼŵݣʲôˣǸ㣬֪ʲôǽ㣡
Ŀһĸоˬһɷ˹ŵټɭľۿǹָξʲôô
磡
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ȿȣԲľξڵϸʲôüʮ궼ûٴ𣬵ν£ǿҪȥ¼ģ
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ʱѾɳĮ֮ջأû¶һվڱϣŵɵЩ̫Ȼ¹ŵ١Բľͱ˳ȥˡ
ŵ١Բľ˵ȥ߹⼸ˣξ鲢ãЩң֪ԼҪʹ㣬ɱڵǹָţ»в෹Ц̸
֪飬ĻǵĴͣȻڱ˵ġ
վ㲢ûгִϵûʲôܱĺۼϵĻҳ˵ûʲôҪһʱʿǵѵɹˣô˹ξרֵİɣ
ԲľξǻʵսϰոҿǿʿڽŶˣܰɣƺǱߵʿָԹӰ
ŵΣԲľξƺӦ̫ٶˣ㾭˳ϴԡİ

⼸ξʱ򣬾һֱվٳ̫Զľ룬ȻٳеһЩԻǻܿúЩڲٳϸʲôģ
ŹɭľǹָԲľ£Ǹе𾪣
ԭǻһԼֻҪԲľξٳϣǿɾһͷȴû뵽ǹٳû졣
˹ξȼҲʹ׼Բľ䣡
㲻ԸڱԹۣЩξûһǺûǹҧһëҲÿһʿĤݵоȥ쳣
ʱ󣬴Ҳǽ㷿Уһ˷ܣ統һ磬ǲ֪뿪֮Щʿ񣬾ͺǿһǸŵ١ԲľȻڲٳϺ˹ξǳҪһȺʿѿǣ¶Ҫ
ҿǹŵ١ԲľҪ˹ξҲǺǵģҪ۸˹ξȻǲܵģ
ŵ˵һѣȴǿϥڴϣðϹ⣬ȻѾ붨״̬ˡ
Ĵһƿɫҩˮҩˮʶģ˳ܹ֮עǿҩˮ૵ǿҩˮǿƼԺĽҩô㵽ֵģ
һƿɫҩˮɻһƿɫҩˮʶЩ֣ɫҩˮʶɫҩˮǲ֪ʲôϡŹֵЧأ
л磬ȴûκηӦ
֪һصԢоѾʼר붨ˣΧðŵĵϹʵϾһ磬ֻҪ˺㲻붨״̬г
ҲɵĽ
ȻרĵҲΪɫҩˮ轫ڵĺٺúһ
ŵͲסеĺ棬ǽǻɫҩˮƿУֻǴһţӦòʲôģ˵ֻǷ粻ҪҩˮˣʲôŹأ
ǣ
ɴƿ
ûüҩˮƿеʲôĻɫҺȻɽ˳
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ûпƿڵĻɫҺȫɽʱ罫ƿ˳ȥǻɫҺضҪȥ
ɫҺ౻ذ֮ϣһЩǽ˰ɫǽϣЩҺ岢ڵϻǽϱû˷Ӧǣһţ

ɫҺڲκιɵţƬ֮ǽϵҺ徹Ȼȫϡ
ɫҺȻȫںһˡ
ôɳԾǣЩɫҺһζûмٵվ
ͺҪںϳһֻһ
⡭
ﾭȹ飬Ѷ㵽һԹ۲ǻɫҺں֮ˣԼĪңЩɫҺ徹ȻγһֻùĹ
ڴУֻﳤû
ǹû۾ȴһѪڣſһŴȥƺҪɵɡ
ǹں֮ʱѾ׼ˣԭҪӳԢţȴ֪ǹﵽǿʵһסɱǸΣ
ϵɫâҲȻȥأ磬Ҳֻܾˣ
ɲɫĹâ֮£ǻɫҺںϳɵ־Ȼ֪ǰΣһ㣬ѪھȻɲǼرˣһ̣ӰȻֱһ̲ɫҺ壬ܶĵĴӹԢɽȥ
ǹ뿪ɴ˼ڴҲѸŵһԾ⣬ѿǹİӰϽѴغãŻһ˵ƿɫҩˮʲôǹһֻһǹܹҺ壬ƺǿеȴ𺳣ǷϵɫâҶҪɱ
֪ǹ﾿ҪʲôҪǴ֮Уɱգ۹򣬶֪
ˣˣⲻ֪ҪĶɥ
ŵĴϣһãȻ޴룬ȴǲ֪ʲôʱ򣬼ϸоһֱֻĴȻŵ


1582 Բľ֮
ôһĲǱˣһֱ붨״̬㣬ڸոսЩϢȫϣȴǿŵԼϡ
룬һô˻㴲ߣ˭ܲ룿
ΪѾ˧ȫ֮ˣܾˣڶŮݵţп֮¾ϵģ˶зǷ֮

ɻͷؿϢ
㿴ɵģôҲʲô뷨ǴʲôæģǾٳϵʱûжãСӲǽξɱ˰ɣ
ôˣ
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ɴŽͰﲻһƺڷŵӰС
ĿɨϣƿҩˮȻһƿȵ㽫ƿɫҩˮˣ
ɺľګĵͷ
ЩɫҺ岢ҩˮʵһֱѹŵĹ
˵
ԭִܹٳɫҩˮƿ棬Ҳ˵˵ʱ䣬̽ȴΪʧ
ɫҺ岢ʲôԵҩˮֱѹҺ̬װҩˮƿУ
Ҫƿʱ򣬲ſƿɫҺ쳣Ʋģδ֪£Ҳûдƿȴû뵽ɾȻ֮佫ѹɵҺ˳
磬ǹ̫ˣо޴ҪϵĹâɵˣ
ڸôźðǹҷųģҪȥɱ˱˲ô
ȻЩ¡
ҩˮƿҴģûϵҪţ
˵ڹԢҳȥѰǹټ
ɿɳӰҲҪҺǿȵʹǻɫҩƿܻҲ湻̯ҲҼⱲӾ͸ˣ

ξϾεĳסĹԢͨʿĹԢҪϲ٣ƤɳͶӰӡܰ
Բľξķ䵱УɭľҲɳ֮ϣϵ˿ھѾֹסѪˣҲ˼ٵģһǶƽģҽɭľƵĶƽӲҪǿϼǧͺһһ㣡
ҲɭľϾҲ뱻˴ˣʹĸ
ŵɣ㣬һһ죬Ὣɱ
˫ðǡ
һͬŭҡϵıԲľ˿̵侲٣ϵһ̣һξǺĳС
磬ʲôھʿ۸ͷˣ㿴һͰͰڿôⶼЩǵ֤ݣǶˣ
ɭľŵϵļͰڿ˵¼ЩڿӵζɭľŵĳЩҺζɭľޱȡ
뿪ٳ֮ʿҲڴʺ쵼£ĽڿͰװã͵ԲľĹԢС
Բľɭľƽʱ˾ǱΪ飬ЩʿҲжҲǱ˵Բľ᲻ϴЩڿ㣬ҪֻҪЩڿѻܹѬȾһԲľĹԢȾԲľ˫ãǾˡ
һȺô֪ʿ
ߣ
ԲľһСӲǺǵģһʵڰ񾳽֮ϣǿ»ʵҪ֪ȻҲа񾳽ǲǿӲٷ֮ٵǿʵǸ
磬˵ûСӵ֮ǿ²ĳģ˵̨Ǳȥ֮ըģһɾСΪ
ңǵסͶٽһʨȭŽľʵ¾һپʮǱĸѡʿҲǾԿסģ
㣬治֪ǴðĹ
ɭľͬһԹ
Ҫ֪Ϳ£ɭľ˾֪ţŹ⻷Ҳ˸Ҳӣǣ˹ŵټүݣһĲֵȻŵټݣУҲһʺˣ
˵һ˱ԼҪǿʱļľȫˣ
ֻл㣬ɭľԭԽвŻ
㣬
ԲľҲǺȵ
ɭľԲľҲԲľξٽϵھеĹϵҪԸ㣬̫ѡ
Բľ˼ȴǲûз֣棬һελɫҺѾɽ
ŵĻȻ־̾ߣɭľԲľ֪飬ŶԸĲԡ
Ҫ㣬Ҳᱻ˹ξЦұǹָ飬ҲҪ˹ξЦ̸
ԲľӣɭľڱͼӴף뾡һа취Բľĵķŭ³˹ٽǾеѧţܽͶٶĿ࿴Һмֽ飬鶯ҶԸ㣬ɣ
³˹ٽ
ɭľ˫ų⣬ȻЩλٽţ̧ͷǿԲľһֻ͸Ĺ
һǲĹһѪںǲ֪ӦӦó֮Ϊ͸״֮ϡ
˿̵ԲľȻһĨյЦݣҪɭľ˵˵ǲ³˹ĻԻ͹£ǵ輸ϵһĨӰٿ˿ɭľϵĴͣЦ˲Ȼֹ
磡
һ̣ɭľѾԲľ屻͸ɽѪڣҧûҧ飬ԲľͱǹԵ
ӣ
״ӣŵ١ɭľҲ벻ʹŽ񾳽ʵһֻȻܽξԢ͸˵һЩеǿߣ޲ߣ
ǰ͸ɵŵ١Բľƺ׳˶֣ϾȻųһֻɫâɹâ֮£ɭľȻԼʩչڵ
ô£
޷ʩչ⹫ԢУɭľ˱ɣ벻
ǹѪУƺһֻţ͡͸ûаԥһ׼Ҫɭľɽȥ
ɭľΪԼɣһ̣һֻɽȴǴ߶һֱӲϣ顯һɭľȻ˳ȥԴ״ǽǻ¡
һʵ̫̫ˣɭľ޷Ӧ
ƽɭľ˲һţ¾ǱϼԻᱩףչұȻֱ֮ȻǼԲеΪ
Ȼʱ˿̣УȴǼлһŵˣΪûܻ룬Ҫ֪ԲľЦȻֹɣǰֻ룡
࣬ȻͷȴǿǱһҪɫâĳǹվԭأӵ˫磬ս·


1583 
ھĽ̿鵱Уģγ񣬵ǳɾǾܵ
񾳽磬Ҳ۳ɵһЩˣ񣬲̫ࡣ
ʱչֳƣԼɭľ˿̵ľҲʹΪ
ȻͷһȻͷ
ǰ͸ƺЩη㣬һֻ֣ΪɫҺ壬ҪɽʩչһȫϣȻЩɫҺȴܹͬǽһ
ɫҺֵĺɢ㲼µĽ統ȻԴǽ㱾ǰ͸һսȴû뵽ԷȻһߣ
ĺʹ˵һѵǰ͸Լڵķ׭
ȵȣ㣬ΪʲôҪң
㣿
㺮ǹͷųһֱ֮ӽǹŵ١ɭľסתǴ򿪴һԾ¡
ŵ١ɭľҲ飬Ϊȥʵϣһ·׷ϢѾԲľĹԢܵǻɫҺĳ֣󣬻ɫҺγɰ͸ԲľʱҲǿ֡
ϾԲľ׷ǹʣҶԷʲôöвìܣ޹ء
Ȼ㷢ֵ͸ɵԲľ֮ڵȻɱ
ɵһ񾳽ǿߣǿһʵǱɼˣǻ˵ã
ɫҩˮƿϾӿƼԺȥģٶЩΣ͸Ȼڳɳ׶Σʱʵ׳Ժǻ˵ã
һ߷ǹŵ١ɭľԭֻΪ˲ùɵˣСˣ㻹ûôʥ
ȻˣҲǲмնɱģʵ̫û塣
ǵ֮ȹŵ١ɭľϯܵشҪڰʱĻ¾ڱ֮ˡ
ǰ͸ȻѾݾߣ֮ǰһ·׷٣ûзɢڣֳСҺɽͬ˷Ҵһ
ɳѾò̫Ծˡ
ʶǿһֱڸЩɽĻɫҺ塣
ЩҺ廹òɢҲֻô࣬Ҳֻȫںһ𣬲ֻ΢СҺĻɲκ˺
ǣֻҪһҺĴڣǿ¾Ͳȥ
侲һƽģûκλҡ
˿̣˽ĵڶξ
ǴӿƼԺ
Ȼ˴˾
Ӧ˷ҩеҩˮʧƿҩˮҲô
ƿɫҩˮ޹ؽҪֻǿҩˮˣҩƿвŵҺ壬ȴǼΣգ
ɫҩƿ̺ӦһзԸ˵ĿֲɱУеĺ֮ȫգˣһܿסеĺ֮»ᱻ龭
ƿɫҩƿеҺ壬һֱѹɵĹǽװҩƿУ֪ǹĿֲ
ڿУûֻʶЩɢȥҺµһλ
ֻҪǸλ֮ڣЩҺʱʼȫ壬Ҳʱϵֹ緢

ʱ򣬾ξ¾εʿȫۼ˲ٳϡ
ǸʲôأһϱΣԲľξǲǻû±أ
˭֪أҲԲľξոϴǵڿ㣬Ҫأ
ͣҶ˼Ҫˣڿǰǹûϴģζ²ôϴİɣ

ʿŶվãȴûпԲľξӰȡ֮˹ξ߸߳һξϵĳ١
оߵн
Щʿһʲô״ѵʲôôĻЩôˡ
Թ˭ûеٳ
棬ŵ١ɭľнյ±ŵɣ
һͳԱʿյ㡣
ξϵĳ٣ֻйŵ١Բľξһ˲ڣ
˹ξһ˵һûϵٳ
ɫ±
ԣ±
±δϣԸ³˹ͰͶٽܾԮʱ
ģ³˹ͰͶٽǾһĸ֣һֹķ
˹ξ˵
ʿ鵱УȻ˷죬˭֪׷ʲô
ŵɣ
ԶһӰӳ
˴ͷɥ˫ն羭֮١
˹ξˣҲǸںŵСӣһ¸ҵˣ˿ʵΪѽ⡣
ŵɣ

ΪôŸϵٳ
⡭
ɲ֪˵ʲô˵ô
˹ֻˣӣӦ˾ţһǿʲô㲻Ҫʩѹ
ǣ
˹ξ˵ɣǷ񿴼һֻ͸Ĺ
ˣ

˹ξ˽һۣ˵ˣӰɣ
ӣ
ɵͷص֮С
˹ξʵƿҩˮǸո˲Ǹ±αװܲĳٻҩ͵ãҩƿҲ򿪵ģ
˹ҩƿдʲôڲ׷˭˭ʱ򣬶ǽǹ֪ô
˵
֪ҩƿڶҪɵˣ
˶ˣʲôأ
ǽҲ΢΢̾Ϣ
ûã֮УһӹҪƳһ㡣
ǲ³˹ٽ
˹ξ˵
£ǵ׹ЩʿǶ΢΢ǵ˵Ȼսʿ³˹ٽˣ׷ʲôĴ£
³˹վŵĺɭľ
ԣɭľ

ٽŵ١ɭľȻģ
˹ξ˵
ҷʱѾסˣǾԮʱҪ
³˹ڣĲߣЩĿͫ׵ŻӡǣһҪΪһۡ
ֻʧٵʿˣһԲľξһ±㣡
ǽ˵
ұȥ
ŵ١ɭľǻһ˵
ˣ
ˣ
һξȻǾ˲ţҲΪź
˹ξҲһȣǵòǰڲٳϳţôŲʱˣ
ԲľξȻǱǹɵģǱǾʿɱ
³˹֪һһ㣬ģ̬ʹùŵ١ɭľЩ˼ˣŹȻûⲼ³˹ٽһгͲ֪ˣѹôƭ
Ǿʿɱ³˹¶ɵ˵
³˹ٽ˵ɣ
ŵ١ɭľ˵


1584 Ͷٳ
³˹ͷСӣһж߽ɣǻΪֹģ
±㺦ұ磡
ɭľȻԭұѾڲٳϱһû뵽Ȼ㣬Ȼұ繫Ԣ棬ұˣ
Ȼأ
Ȼ󣬴ǳһЩɫҺ壬ЩҺ۳һֻǹֱӽ޷ߵıɵˣ
ɭľ˵
Ȼǹ
˹ξ˵
أ
ɵұ壬ֻʶӣ㽫ұ֮Ҳǲ֪Ӱ
Ȼǣ
˹ξ⡣
˹㲻ҪˣǹǿƼԺʧܲǿƼԺȻҪǿԿħĻѧʼδܳɹԭڣЩѧڱ֮󣬾Ȼӵ˵˼룬һ˼ǱԿƣ
͡һֻʧܵĻѧǿƼԺеϣȴû뵽ȻӵԣԵĳ죬Ҳʹһʵɱѧң
͡ڿƼԺпʼʱ򣬾ӵޱǿݣĲһЩĽɱѧң׼ӳƼԺ󻹺ǰͶٽֱ֣ӽնɱ
³˹˵
ȻնɱˣΪ֣
ϾƾõʷˣһЩҲǲ̫
ʱƼԺпѧҶо졮͡ǵǿĻ֮£һ飬ǾǸ⡮͡趨
ࣿǹѵǲĴڣ
ȻƾĿǰĿƼ޷⡮͡ﵽĲ࣬һҺںһ𣬴ﵽһֲЧ

Щٶͷŵ١ɭľҲǻȻѹǹܹҺûɹһֽܷȥÿһ΢СҺ嶼ܹʹ⡮͡
ǣɭľ벻ͨǣǡ͡ΪοƵãһ֣ǡ͡ӵˣɭľҲǰ㣬ν֮ȫƵϣߣûбǡ͡ɵҲضܵ³˹Ĵ
ɱξᶼҪϵ
ǡܹ͡Ϸֽ⣬ںϣÿɵһ壬ǿһƼԺʱ޾ģ
ҺͰͶٽͷ£ҸԱİȫͶٽȥ׷١͡Ϣ֪ʱ꣬Ͷٽܷǡ͡ץס
³˹˵
ҲǵͷŰͶ٣

һ·׷٣ȻЩɫҺ徹ȻһȥǿƼԺ
ɫűѾûһˣҲģȻ֪Щ˶Ѿȫеٳˡ
ûãҲñɣ
ӿ䣬ЩɫҺɢڹűĸ䣬ûκ죬ʶ̽⣬޷ƿǵȥ
ڹűͣҪʲô
ЩɫҺɢڽ䣬ıʲôһ㣬űѾûӰıʲô
һ̣ЩԾˣűȻŲڵǿ󣬶Ǽȱʡ
ĿҲһܿĸŰɫ·˴˳ϴЦ⣬ڱ˴졣
Ŀ꣬꣬ûһʵңǿԺʿˣ
̹ʵ磬ǹģЩѧңضΪףʲôأҵԼȤ
һЦ
˿̣ҲǸܵЩɫҺɧƺںĿ꣬Զ
ӦǿƼԺĿѧңǵʵҶܱյģ޷ͷӦþģ
뵽еĻɫҺѾںϣһֻɳİ͸ӵ֮Ȼ𣬳˻ȥ
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ĺǹҲ˳ȥҵĺϢƺҪֹǰ͸ǣ벻ǣǹƺҪƴȫɣ˺ǹѾϡ
ֻһЩҺѡ
һѧҵ屻ֱɽȥŷӦϵЦȫ˿־壺͡ţȻǡ͡Ȼֳˣ
ģ˵ʱǸ졮͡ҪѧңҪɱǵģ
޼޵ģˣ

˼ʱҲǳǰ
һɫâϣʹǡ͡Щ־塣
ôܣ͡ģη壬ڵԺ⣬ôη㣿
һѧ˵
ȵͱµģ
кǹҲǻ󺮱֮ǡ͡ȻҺȴҲܹʱܿĺǹ
ʱһȴǴԶֱӻҪܿġ͡
顯һ͡ȻĻһ̲Һʪڵ֮ϡ
ӣ
Ӱ£Ҳ˭ǰͶٽһֻҩƿֱӽϵĻɫҺ嶼սȥ
ƿҩˮƿС
Ͷٽ⡮͡ΪλֵģɱһΰĿѧң
ǱӦǽɱѧңֻ𣡡

Ͷٲûкǽ̫໰ⰲ˼ǽҩˮƿǺúñܡ
һƬյأСӣûʱܿھͱ͡ɵˣ㻹ǹֵģȻ׷ٵ
ɣû´Ļǡ͡ɵеˣȥҰɣ
СӣȻҲ֪ǡ͡ΪληڵǲҶԸ㣬Ҳ޷Ըģ
Ͷ˵ڶѧԸħģʱԲʾֻ͡ʵ޼޵ģңκ
Ǳնɱһ֮ʵ˥ɣȻη
ȷֻʲô͡Ĺﱻץסˣ
Һȫҩƿ棬ˣҰͶٽް̣֮
Ͷٽظ
ɫ˵ô㻹ң
ҡҡͷ
ȻЩԾʶȴҲǰûлɫҺ©ӵˣͶ˵ЩɫҺ嶼ҩƿ֮аɡ
ͶٽȻɹ
һ촫վڰͶԣһڣߴ󣬿ŰͶеҩƿ˫
Сӣλǲ³˹ٽҲǷĴƿػʮ־ˣ
Ͷ˵
Ͷٻûи³˹㣬³˹˵ؽˣС㣬͡ǱųģңڹԢкһξһλСӣ
³˹˵꣬׻˵һ䣬֮Уһǳɫ棬ǵ渽żǿΧĵ֮ϣƺһӿ㤣һ⸽ȻҪǻˡ


1585 Ͻ
䣡
³˹ƸҪ㣬ȴǱͶһʨȭסˡ
һֻʨӰֱӵͶٺȵ³˹Ǹʲôٽ֮۸һ±
ɱ˳Сӣ
³˹ȵ
еľ棬Ϊѷϳ㣬ű
Уֻѹ̡ܴ
֮⣬̷Ƿϵ֮С
³˹ɵ˵
ȷ㽫͡˳ҲģϾֻ±ɫҩƿװŵʲô
ǲ³˹ȴȻǸˬı飬͹ŵԲľмֽ飬ҲӦŵɭľὫ֮ԷȻ£Ͷٵ赲ûɱ㡣
ͶٵʵҪڲ³˹֮ϡ
ߣ㲻̣ȶ֮ˣţ֪жҪܿ࣡
³˹δãȻϽ˶ᣬģ
Ͷ˵ڶһصٳȥ
³˹ݺݵһۣͰͶٲŵʱҲǻͷһҪɱҵĻһģ
㣡
³˹ľҪСӣаͶٽΪĲɱô
֪ѹûηȻ˵³˹ڵǱҪǿ٣ͬɱУĲ³˹鷳
֮ȴûз֣ɫű£ŵһλɫҺȻ󣬱ǳһߡ

˶ٳϣĿɨǰһλ곤ϣλ곤ʵڲٳΪǿθǷΨһһϽ
곤ҲǽĿ⿴㣬ƽʲô
˹ξ˵Ͷٽ³˹˵ȥһ֮û뵽ǵһˣ
ţǡ͡Ѿնɱˣ
Ͷٽ˵ͬʱڡ͡ų;УŵԲľξһλűеĿѧңˣ
ˣ
˶˲ţˣǿϧ
Ǹ͡ų˺

ϽˣҪΪұԲľξҪ㣬ģħӦõ
ŵɭľѰͲסǰһ˵
ȣɭľȻԲľ˽µĶԹҪ˵ģƾһ֮ʣ˵Ұɣ
˹ξ˵
վ㣬ȫΪ͹ŵԲľǶͷĹϵ˵ĵ˾ѡ
˹ξڻΪƷôѵ飬Ǽٵģ
ɭľ˵λٲŵĻǿ㣬ȥûȥԲľξĹԢԢУܹĽӡ
ĸ߿ƼҪǷĽӡȷ׵ĺܡ
λٶĿͶϷƵ㣬ߵͷҵȷȥԢ˵ԲľǸùܺҳϰëǮϵĻҲֻ˵ˣȷۿģ˵͵İ޷ˣûаȤ
Ҷˣ׿ڳȥԢȥԢĿģԶ׼Ϊ˺ұ磬һӣһɱ˶ħ
ŵɭľʵ̫ʹʿ
ԲľξڲٳϷִʿ㹻ɱ˶Ͻˣϳ㣡
³˹˵
Ͻüͷ΢壬ʵͶٽʲô
ҺСȻӴʱж̣ȴҲǾǻɳˣǰɭľ˵ڲٳԲľɱûԵ޹ʼʱ֮ȥԢԲľⲻķ񣡡
Ҳǿһ۰Ͷٽĵû뵽һﻹͦ˽Ȿ۵ģɭľᱻ³˹û뵽һﻹЩþ
ԣģ
Ͷ˵
Ͷٽ֪֪治֪ģ֮ǰǾǸɱ˶ħǧܱԻ󰡣
ɭľ˵
죬ӻòѵ㣬Ʒ֪Ҫ˶ٱǹŵټе飬Ϊ⼸һﲻô
Ͷٺȵ
ǹŵɭľҡ
³˹ҲɻأŵټǳʲôˣȻֵðͶٽ˴ŭ
Ҫ֪³˹ͦɭľԭڣ֮ǰԲľмֽ飬Ǹգϲȥ˽飬Բŵټǵ
˹ξ˵ɣ뿪ԼλãΪ£
֪ǻɫҩƿ򿪵飡
˵ǲҪɷˣ
Ϊʲô
һֱ붨Ͳ֪ҩƿˣңҴ򿪵ģ
˵
ߣŵɣ֪ѣΪѱڹֵã֮ˣ
ɭľұ죡
ɺȵλ٣ģȥ繫ԢʱǡÿƿҩˮֱǺ죬ɫɫҩˮƿǿյģģ
ȵȣ˵ʲô
ֹϽ³˹ͰͶٽԼһЩ֪ɫҩˮƿװŵʲôĳͶˡ
ɲԣΪԼ⣬ظһ顣
ɫҩˮƿǿյģȷ㿴ˣ
ǰɫҩˮƿȷǿյİ
ĪѵƿװǱɣ
ɫҺȻûˣ찡ǿǿƼԺоɹԸħģ
ЩɫҺǵڵϣҲǧﰡеԱǣôǾû£
Ͷٽʵ㣬ҩˮƿߵģɫҩˮƿô£
յˣеȷУ
ټĺܣ㵹赭дյĹ̵УȻܸܵǹЩӴȣֵһᣡ
ˣ
ΣСӾȻɫҺ嶼յˣ

λ٣ɫҺֵǣȻҲյˣһȰ
ɭľ˵һȴͶٽ˵ţţյɫҺȻû⣬У漣
漣㣬ȻѾߵˡ
ɭľ֪ǣɫҩˮƿеһҺϣ˾ͻټ꣬ǿԾԸħģȻܹգ˵ʲô
һӦħǱţ
УһĽ޷ħ⣬÷˵ܹԸħĽˡ
Ҫ֪һҪѾжԴԼ㣬Žã±һȻӦħǱ
ǱɲѰЩʿ¾ھϼʮ꣬Ҳξʵ񣬶ĳ֣ĽǽԺ
ΨһϽĴָã΢΢üͷҲ滺


1586 ȭɭľ
ŵɭľӦѹְͶٽ˵СţϽ˻Ĵָн㶼ϣʹùŵɭľ˵ǾҪһȵĻȫˡ
Ǿϲ飬ʹùŵɭľûдڸУָоʹӼ㡣
ŵɣ˵
˹ξ˵
ţɫҩˮƿʶģǿҩˮû⣬ƿɫҩˮƿȴǺĺܣ
˵ȻΪƿҩˮƿζӦòʲô⣬ȴû뵽ĻɫҺ徹ȻɽȻǾȻںһγһ͸ĹǹﻹҪңڷѣ
Ҵ򿪵ƿûаϵ֮󣬵֪ҩˮƿ֮󣬱ɳѰǰ͸ȥˣ
ո˵붨״̬Ϊ󣬡͡ûǣ
Ҳ֪ǰ͸Ĺ·磬ûɵңһӳ⣡
£
³˹ȵ͡ǿƼԺƳǿĻѧ󣬶κη壬һ㣬ЩеĽ
³˹СѧңǷ᲻ţ
ôǿҲţ
ʹ⻰԰Ͷٽ֮ڣ³˹ȴȻţ֪ǡ͡ʵֶôš
ţ
λϽ˵ϵȷһǿ͸
ϽˣȻţ
ϽͷҺͰͶٵĿһģ㽫ƿҩˮҩȷԣǾ±Ӧ֪͡ų֮󣬲ηκΣ׷١͡䣬¸ңѾ㹻أڣŵԲľξ֮£ȻŻɵģ
Ͻڷͬһ㣬û˸һ˵ĻȨԣⷬ˵ԭɭľĻȷĳ٣ı˿Сǿ񣬲ȿˣҪɱξ͵͵ɡ
˵ҪɱԲľڲٳɱˣҪȵº֣һɭľݷ磡
гٵĿҲǼǹŵɭľϡ
ŵ˫Щ³˹ٽ֧㣬°ͶٽƱҪڵĲ
ȴû뵽Ͻš
ô˵׾㣬Ҫ͵ҩƿô£ұѧҲǶ˲ţ㺦ǣӦܵϳͣ
Ҳ˵ѾԼˣУ㼫ȣѧҲɣʱʧأ˵˲ţһţļֵ޿ģ
ɭľ˵ƿԣһֱ
ðɣȻȥɣһһĴ
λϽ˵

صԢѾˣһλʿϽովϢһ죬Դ㵹νڹԢר
Ԣƿ飬ҲǲǰרעٶҪֳһʶܡ
Ž飬ҲǾò֮ڲٳϽѵǹŵԲľĿùŵԲľ͡ɣһ·׷١͡䣬ŷҪҿƼԺĿѧǱ𣬡͡׭ƣǿҵ£ҲϧƷ׭ʹҲûϵ
ǡ͡ȷʵΪη屾۵ķ׭Ųɱ۵ģʵȻûгɳһ̶ȣ£»ҪʤһǰͶʵȷʵһоͽǡ͡ɱĿǰʵǺһξ룬ǲ³˹Ȼȱǿ󣬵ۺʵǱȲҵģʱõ鷳
ŵɭľС߹ʺǰı״̬¾Ȼᱻ£һ߼޻ˣɱûᱻĹѪȾ
ˣˣֵñΪģǰͶٽ͡նɱʱƺоǡ͡ûȫз棿
㰵ҡͷʱʶ̽ܣȷûзһλɫҺ壬ҲǾÿԼ̫ˡ
Ҳûٶ룬ϥ£ʼ
һܿ͹ȥˣ峿ȥٳʱʿ۷׷ס
˵㺦ԲľξҪˣ֪᲻ᱻϵϳ
ôô
ȻǺˣǾȻụ̂ҲǼص̷ˣ٣󶼺ˣ
ĻҿҪΪϧˣԲľξǸʲôɫһֲǲ֪֮٣նɱаħߣܵڿ㻹ûóأɴ͵ֽǮոˣ

ҲǴӲԶ˵磬ҶԲס㣬Ҫң㲻ô飡
ʲôʱôǶģ
˵ҪһĻ͸һ㣬֣
ã磬ŵʶ㣬޺
ҲˬеЩθҲɢа̫СˣԷôܻأָɴµˡ
Ӵ޺ڱݻ磬ϣΪʲôֶôķ粻ǿɵŻ׽ģΪ㵱ʲôأ
ŵɭľӱ߹ȥ
˾ŵɭľڿڽ̸֮ǰⲻȥŭ㣬Ͼ֮ʵ̫ҪʵڰͲסô죿
߹ʱ㣬ǿȷļӾͺ˲䳤ɲһ㣬һЩסĻ˵˳޹غʵ٣ҳ飡
ŵɭľĲ㣬ŵɣ
һǶݺ˦ǹŵɭľϣ
ʹ
ɭľողûзӦӦһ̣Ѿ޷ˣ֪϶ĽˣԼңô
ѵΪʸûУ
һʹĪڴĻǣѾĻʱ򣬲ŷƶûƹ㣡
ڵɭľ
ģֱˡ֣߼޻绹ǰɣڻҪҺͷ֮ĹϵߣΪ˶ŵɭľһôÿζڼ嵱УܵΪ٣ǿ׵ܵܣʲôˣֽ㵱ʲôˣ
ɺȵ
Ȼӳһȭֱɭľϣɭľһ飬Ѫ˳ٳϵʿǶΧۡ
вɭľҪ֧ԮȴǱݺݵһۣȫѻȥˡ
ץŵϱŵɭľȻһȭӳΪĿŽ˲ô
һȭȻĿŻɭľǮĽȫ䣬˵Ǳһݿǧڴɵȭ֮£Ȼ
ڴɻȭʱȺ֮صĿܶ˻ͷһŷԭ˹ξɰǣƺûаŭ⣬ŵЦ⡣


1587 ´
Ȼ˹ξϵЦ˿ǻõ飬ȻΪһ㣬ǹһЩֿЧַǳǣǿζɴ󺰼úô֮ԡ
ŵҲǸ˹ξӣһȭûлȥֻ΢΢ϵĳߵԣٺһЦ磬⹷ȷֵ֣Ҵȭƣ϶ҪǿҵϴҺϴ֣
ţһΪҪȫ䣬û뵽㻹̫ʴ˵㣡
٣磬´Ҳˣ
˵
ߵУ˹ξҲǳ֣ϴһĨͷԵĵЦݣŵĹŵɭľΪˣǿ˹ϵЦݣзȻһһֱͱˮ϶ңǲ³˹ٽھͺˣٻͦҡ
ɣɭľԺд裬ǵ㵽ֹĺãѾҵڶοɭľˣȻг徢ǺõģֵñɭľϾ˾ٻصĺã
˹ξ˵
⻰һ˵˶˹ξʲô̬ˣȻĬϴɵΪֻôԺҪôײˡ
ɵͷ˹ξԺһעģд飬Ҳ˵ȫɭľΣǷ㵽׵ģ
㣬˹ξִҵģҿûкд裡
ûкд裿˭֤أ
˹ξĿһɨ˭Ұɭľ
ɭľ˵ߣ˹ξϽ˻İɣ콫Ͻ˶ĳͷ˵ɣɱ˶ħһ
ŵɭľҪʧˣ
˹ξ˵
ʧ
˶ЩȣѵϽûжͷô
ŵɭľ򽫱Բľ֮߼޻㣬Ѿʧȥһʿĳţӽ쿪ʼ㽫һԱ
ʲôȻҹܣ˹϶⹷˽´ľҲҾԲҪҲ³˹ٽҪϽˣ
Ͻ˵Ļ
˹ξȵ
أѵҪô
ȻҲйֹ͡ѧң±츳ˣǳҼǹһΣպ֣ΥͿĨ
˹˵꣬ɭľѪСӾȻƨ¶ûУǼǹëĳͷԺֺ˻Ĩȥ
ЦϽӢ磬ԺھﶼԲÿֻˣ
û˵ûпǹŵɭľһۡ

һ칫ҵС
ΨһϽϣһݷݻļڴ˿̣³˹Ŷ룺Ͻˣ
ӦǶҵĴɣ
ϽһֱھпҵĳɳҲƭȷ
³˹˵츳ƷвһҲֻѣЩðţôĽأѳΪ츳ͨô
㣬ͬϣһһǰİھôûиܵʣ
˵
Ͻ˾ô
ҵ۹⣡
ðɣȻϽĻҲûʲô˵ˣֻùŵɭľ뿪Ƿף
ŵɭľ츳Ϊ̫̫꣬ǿǼھǼȫģ
³˹˵ҲĬȻȷͲ˽ǹŵɭľʲôˣŵԲľһҲ˺һЩڹŵԲľھиɵһЩƵ飬ͱŮڼңȥĦ˫ɵȵȡ
Ҳò³˹ԹŵټֵܵƷ
³˹ȻСսҲʮ㣬ȴ̫٣Ī⣬ʱŵˣʧ
˵
³˹뿪ް칫ң·һֱű޸ո˵ĻѵСˣ
û߶ԶǿһӰһȳһյǸմӲٳ뿪Ĺŵɭľ
ûüĿϣҲ³˹æˣ³˹ٽңڲٳֱǸɸˣ
ô£Ե޹ôֻ㣿
˹ξͷ˵֮˾Ƿ˷Ƶã˵ҾҪˣԺûѵˣڲٳϴһͨ
ɭľʹ״˵ٽһҪΪⶼҪϳˣҪôԩ˹ξҲһģˣҲû˵ʲôҺΪ֮
д㣬ұΪˣ벻ȻҪ㣬ãұȥͲӾ棡
³˹ȵ
ǹŵɭľŻ޿һ˿Ц֪Ⲽ³˹һѧ֮Уģû뵽Ȼôƭ

˹ŵɭľҪָƣʱ˿̣ȫʿڲٳϴǣǴǵķҲǱȽϼ򵥣¶ףԳţһЩƽķ
ȻǺûҲû뿪ٳȻѵķ˶һ
ǰȻ˹ξĸѹ˫ϣҪ֪ҪĿĿǰƼԺܸǿѹ
ÿһѹʮ򹫽ĸʮ򹫽ĸѹȻ࣡
治֪ǲǱ̬Ű

㽡ɣŲٳܣʮ򹫽ѹûеĲʵϣ˻˾ȴֻ޾ԭľ²ʲô
Ҫ֪綼һȺܹһƿҩˮڵעļһǺģǾǧһĿֲǿȣ
˹ξվڲٳ뿴˵ѵÿÿһĴӹʱ򣬾͸оһӶͷһ㣬ϽȻû˵СһδԸħм
³˹ٽҲٳѲʿѵô
˹ξ³˹ٽˣҲԴЦ⣬ȻŵĹŵɭľҲһɻСӣȻûȥŲ³˹ٽٳʲôѵ㲻
ŵɭľƷУ˹Ӿĸʼߡ
磬㿴ǲ³˹СˣǺٻò³˹Ըأ
ɳҪʱ򣬸Ͻ˵
ޱ飺
ʵϣ˸սٳѾ֪ˣûбҪκλңϾΪҪη岼³˹
ǲ³˹ڿܣҲǷųȵĹâĴ򹫽ѹôߺߣǻǲҼǰˮƽˣ
ٽˣûٳϴˣϹŵѹʮ򹫽һģһǰƼԺƳɹ
˹ξ˵


1588 Ӧøеҫ
ʮ򹫽
³˹һȷʵܾûٳˣΪһֱȴû뵽ڵѹܴﵽʮ򹫽ˣȻĴѹܲһʮ򹫽³˹֪Լڵܷʮ򹫽ѹܲˣܣ¾Ʈݰɣ
ֻǿһ׼ˣ³˹㲻٣ŵʱ
ҪӲ³˹ӹʱ򣬹ŵɭľϽ˵㣬վסΪװңҾͲ֪ĵĿֻôߣ
ûܡ
˹ξ֪˵ʲôϾǲ³˹ٽҪ鷳ܲţҲûǸ¹ܡ
ݣ
³˹Ӱԭʧһ̣ȴǰԶ֣ϴŭ⣺㣬Ϊ㣬ɭľʮϱҪˣ㾹ȻҪѵôǿıô
ȡΪͷҷ㵽ףȻʱҿɲ뱳һŹٽϾѾһιˣҪټ¼׵Ļǿɾѿˣ
Ц
Źٽб»ôǺЦ
³˹Ц
ڷǳȥͶٽһߣƿػޱȣʵˣֻһ±¾츳ǱҪһǰĲ³˹ǳ롣
³˹񣺡ȻôҪܸУҾ͸㣡
ߣСӣǲɭľֻعҲҪٽ֮ѵ㣡
Ҫѵң㻹Ҫ꣡
ЦǹҲץ֮С
ǿȵսɶʵĻָش
ȻͬΪ񾳽磬̫࣬˿Կܻ㣡
³˹Ҳֳһ˳ǹĳǹΧȴǸŨ𣬴ڵϣһȻܣԼУǼǿġ
ٳϵ˴˿̶ѾվԶʹͲ³˹ѾĬĽ粼£ǻǵⳡս꼰㡣
ֹУʯһ㣬вĪС
ŵɭľ˸Ĺۿ˵ľﻹٺЦģ³˹һҪɵ㰡ֻСˣܽ⿪еԹ
ģӾ֪һľ
û뵽ѶŵץͷһȭǴ˹һȭɭľͷðǣɸ磬ˣٴҾҪˣ
ŵɳǼһţԶվԭصĲ³˹ҪУŲԸʱ侫˷ǹŵɭľϡ
³˹ŰÿһʥеǰȻֻǻȴľһ˫ƣų棬䡣
ϣֻеϹðеĺǹȴǻɫâҫˣǰ£ơ
ô
ǲ³˹ƺԼŵİһԽУеĺǹҲȻڵ֮ϣڽı֮£滹ѿһ϶˿̣ӵص׾Ȼӿһͻһ׳һͬڡ
˶ԭΪ᲻һģȴû뵽ڵĵ֮£Ȼְҿ龰ƺȲ³˹ĻҪ
³˹ǰͬһΪصʲôȴǲ֪ʵڵĺ֮ͷ׭ںϻûıҲǴӺǹĵ׶ӿģʵϣֻһֻ˵ļˣ
ȴʮ㣡
³˹һгǹȻȥİҲǳһ֮㳤ǹҲǹඥȻֻǻ󣬵ҲǾǿĺ˿ҲӦǰ
ǹڵ֮Ͽʼʵľ
죬³˹Ȼǿ󣬵ǰøյһƿɫҺ壬̺ĺ֮ҲǾˣϺǹ
ټݺ磬ǿںͲ³˹ĽУȻռһ˿ƣ
ɲڳۿ˶𺳡
³˹չֳҲûʼǰǿʢ˿̸ǲаС㣬Ҫ֪³˹Ĳ˵ڻƿԼǹǴޱȵģȴû뵽ȻᱻССĿס
·ϸŵĺϢǲ³˹Զ޷Խһ蹵һ㡣
Ҹò³˹ľսǣ·㻹ûʩչǿʵһ㣬ǿ£Ȼ֣
ԭΪеҪǿϲ٣̫ˣֻܷİٷ֮ʮˮƽǿǸϵĻҲǶȻеģҪ֪ǣĸԺ󽫻Դ
㷽һǹ³˹ûгʤ׷վԭص˵
⣬Ȼָ³˹ٽ̫˼ˣ
˾ȵ
³˹ǹڵ֮ϣǿסŲɫѿȫȻ㾹Ȼһǹˡ
ңСӾȻõʦһָʲô
һ±ָٽ
ǲı統УҪָ
㣬ҵʽָֻţ㻹ûǸֻͣҪǿǾ㣬Ҳǿ󣡡
ӦøеҫΪۿǺܳʱûжԱָֻŹˣ
㸡ڰ֮УеĺǹͻȻͷųȥǰںǹУһҵ³˹̳ǹȴҲĿŰǹӴĺ𣬳ǹҲǱ״ݻ٣
䣡
Ų³˹ɳȥһʼͷŵĽ磬޷赲һǿĳԲ³˹Ϊĵĵϣȫѿٳ类һΪһ㡣
ˣ³˹ٽȻˣ
ôܣڶԻƿ츳ߵĲ³˹ٽȻܸһ±
찡ǲĩհ
ŵɭľմӵϼʱֻΧȺ𾪣ԣҲǳǵĿ⿴ȥ
ߵУվԭأȻǸƽС治֪ǿĸǰŻ־壬³˹ٽʧ֮ڡ
սѵͽˣ
˭ʤ˭ܣ
ŵɭľΪɻΪϾֻ㣬ûп³˹ٽ޴ԤϣȴһֲõԤУÿҪԸ㣬ֲõԤС
ŵɭľһҵĿѪһٳһ￴ҪվĲ³˹еĳǹͱǵϢ״ݻˣľװ֮ϣҲǷһ˪վ΢䣬˫ȴԶĿȴϵ㡣
Ƿһ̺̫޴ֻͽȻٴοȳѪһԣҲòٳϵĲʿ


1589 ȥ
³˹ͷԵʱ򣬿űһӰ̧ͷ˲䣬һϹҲǴлȲ³˹ֹ˵ҵĺϢľǾԮʱʧĳɵ
³˹ֹ
һȻ֪Ѵĳ֪Ҫܸԭ
ңڲٳϻܣѾĪĳ裬ԸҲǾҪԺٺԵġ
׭ǿת˲䲼³˹˵ľָȵ㣬Ϊһм㣬㽫һܣұؽ㷢ս±ٽǶߣû֮Ҳٽľ԰ҲΪ±㣡
´μңҪСĵ㣡
˵껰³˹Ӱһʧڲٳ֮С
ʱҲͬСһ㽫ǹŵɭľ˳˵磬Сӣǰ۲ӰҪΪǾһƽ
˹ξʱҲյԣҲǺȵŵɭľǹŵټҲȻһˣ˼ô־һģһģ
磬ɸ磬Ҳˣ³˹ٽǶ֣ǳˣ͹Ҳǰˣ
ŵɭľʹ޵
³˹ڵϵһ̣춼ҪˣĿɽ벻Ҳ׽ˣ
֪±סҪģٽҴ򣬻ʲôģ
磬Ӧδ
عŵټ壬ΪҺܿͻǹŵټʧǣ
˵꣬תһȥ
ɺ˹һվԭأո˵ʲôȻҪŵټ壿Ҫ֪ŵټеĵһ壡
ǹŵɭľһ㣬û뵽㾹ȻҪԼ壬ɫҴҵ뿪ûüʰǸϽؼȥˡ
űС
ŵٳ쿴ɭľ״ҲǾȣҪ֪ӹŵɭľĴλǷģôҵԶѪδɾ
ŵҲǸոմģȻɻȴˬ첻٣ǰÿλӢۻعһ㣬ֻվڽĬĬעһУ죬Խڹŵٳǰ磬ôˣ
ҽ󽫲Ǿˣ
ŵɭľĪ̾
ˣ
̲סԴЩϷʣȻ粻ְģҪ֪ϴιŵɭľΪǺεȵķ⣿
ŵɭľ˫â¶ҲǾһԱҲͷǾܵ飡
磬ûǸ˼ֻĿţҵʶõҽܸϵȵʼ
ұ죡
ŵٳ˵ɭľھгʲô飡
㣬һж㺦ģ
ŵԲľˣҲ˾ԺҲǾһԱ
ˣԲþҪǹŵټ

ҹŵټ壿ߣǸô
ŵٳ졮ߡȻԲľͬǹŵټĽ
ŵҲǴһУ㣬Ȼ㣬㵹Ҹ糹ЪˣǲҪȻһֱһһĸ磬ǽѹأ
ӵܣƽʱŵɭľѹƵĲУڿ״ǹһֱѹֵԹҲ滺ûһּҪĽȸУϾУŵټޱǿ󣬸ܱ
ףھУ˲³˹ٽʵɲ⣬ǲ֣
ʲô˲³˹ٽ
Ͳ³˹ٽ֮Ĺϵ˭֪³˹ٽȻˣҲΪ飬ҲŸϽһеģ
ŵٳĿһӱð٣³˹ٽǷڶĸ֣ˣҲҲһôǿʵˣ
ɭľ㴳ˣ
ŵٳֵ
һԵ仰͸ˬˣһֱֻѵԼ¹ȻҲѵߣŽƽ
ھеǹŵټ壬ѵҲӦöԸôѵҵĸף
ʲôд£Ǹ
ŵٳȵɭľҪúòһǡǿߺ͡顿磬ʱǡ顿Ը֣˵ܽɱڹű֮У
ţףҲ뷨㲻ǻôȻɱұ磬ҲҪ˼̫࣬ŵıΣǹŵټҪԸĵˣû˭ܱˣ
ŵɭľɭ
ȷŵȻһֱڱѣ⼸ڷǡȥֲҶӣҲҪѺù
ŵٳغȵ
ףץ飬ͽȥɣһ͸ʧģ
ŵ˵
㣿
ŵٳû뵽ŵλӧҲǶлɡ
ŵɭľȴǺȵҹȥ¥е飬ҪϹκͣ
ɭľܵҲʱΪֵЩˣץС£͸һλɣ
лף
ŵͷ
ţȳȥɣ
ŵٳ˵
˶뿪ŵٳߵΪҲ֪ʲô⣬ȻȻǹŵټһĽвڼеĵλǶȻܵģ
ʶȤĻúðң˵һڼһϯλǴĵҵĻҵܵܣҲģ
ŵٳһ
ֻ¹ŵվԭأ˫ȭһҪ򱬹ŵɭľ뷨ֻǣ֪͸ʵ̫࣬ӧҲΪ֪ŵɭľӾѾʧȥŹ⻷ڣ͹ŵɭľΪӽʱ
Ȼ竣ÿ뵽ŵɭľѹʱĳֲֵֿѹָУԽҪ
Ҫ磬Ҫڼ֮иɵıɫ
ŵɭľڿʼҲǸĵܵˣһøǿ
еĹŵٳҲǿֵ֮ĸңûֹ˵ص棡
ǰŵɭľһ֦㣬֮ʹùŵֻģ˼ȡ
ȻڣŵɭľŵɭľҪ׷ϸ磬ᱶŬ
ڹŵټ˵Īĺ£Ͼŵ츳ͣǲ˼ȡҹ꣬ҹҹϸ裬츳˷ѵˡ
ҹŵټһǳʢ˥ûĸܹвģ
ŵٳзųâӱóһ꡾顿һλԱǿ׷ɱҸ˵Ĵ۰һҲ˱ˣ


1590 ɱ¾
ֻ磬ǵձܲЩƣʮ˺ӥץСϷϵЦݲޱȡ
ڳ˳һк˵ϰϣɳŶȿһЩӣĺѩҲ˵ѩ㸸Ϣˣ
ĺѩҡͷԴϴμһ֮󣬾ҲҲˣ
ĺѩ˵ǰȥϺͰȷһ֣һƾ¹ޱȣɫ԰ףƺЩǷʳʲôҩһ㣬ǵĺѩ߽ʱȴˣĺѩҲûиٶȡ
Ǵ֮ĺѩҲһֱѰŸ׵Ӱ
ȴһֱ޹
ûʲôҲǲĸأ㸸Ǵˣ쵽ǰǵĵزģ
˵
ĺѩͷԸ˰ɣ
λ㣬ϰɣ
Ҳ˵
ʮҲ˳ϳԿϳԿ
飡飡飡
űֱײŷ˺׿˵ײɽ
ȣϿˣǿܣ
ŷڵһѪ˵
ĺѩͷվڵתĿ⳯Ͷȥ
ŵʮ׳˽ŵȵ죬˭Ҳߣ
ˣǹŵټˣ
˵

ͬʱУڲٳܲǰҲǳˡ
һŵɣһ˿ϵǳҲŵˡ
磬²ãŵټ˰ͲסȻҪץѣ
˵
Ҳ˵ŵʮǿ߳ǱӸȥҲͨ籨ŵģ
ߣ
ͣ½Ųȥʱ򣬽ǹŵټˣǵȲˣ
ŵɿӰ˲ʧҲ˵ҲϽȥһս

ŵûз̫󹦷ǽȣĺѩͷץ˻Щ˺ӣǶ
ɵƯ
ŵٳ˵
лף˵͸ʧģ
ŵ˵
ŵɭľҲ˵Ů˶ѣŵ˱ضѾȥˣеĴҲѾúˣֻҪҪȥ޻أ
Ȼǿ󣬻ܲ³˹ٽиҲڶ࣬˶ڣǵļλһ
ͨڣһڵ䣬նҪըܽɱ
ŵɭľָߵһС̨˵
һִ߿ƼڣڵǹŵټһλõͣڵԶԸħҲǹŵټ֮
ŵҲΪһֱɵŵټͨڣҲһֱ
ΪĹ涨ͨڣֻйŵټڼΣʱ򣬲ܷ䣬ǹŵټ¶ˣڵҪ⵽ϳ͡
ͨˣһڹȥֱܻӽը٣Ȼϣŵټ彫Ϊ
ף˵λ顿ԱʱɻԮǹŵټ壬Ļҹŵټоˣ
Ըɣ
ŵٳͷ
ڴ˿̣ȴǴ峤²ˣ
飡
ͬʱһײڵϵҲǴŵٳ˶С
ôˣСٶ죡
ŵɭľȵ
סķҲ˵ǹŵټ군ˣСһὫȫɱ⣡
죡
˭ɱ˭ңǵɲֹһƣǴ׼һɣ

ű֮УʮˣּأǵľȫϣȻûɱǣԺˡ
ȫڵϰ
㣬û뵽ֻһʱʹӷǼŮ˶Ҫ
ŵٳȵ
˵ǹŵټ壬Ǳضģû뵽ǾȻôߺߣ
СӣҪΪǹŵټֻһСôǹŵټĵ̼Զģ
̣
ĳһɫ棬ֱӻŵٳĹŵĹơ
žžžž
ȫɫճɻҽ
㣬㾹ȻҹŵټļλڵĹջ٣㡭
ŵٳ˵
ߣֻǲϣڿཨļϣ
Ц
ݣ
һӰӴ˽ȻõĹŵټǿߡ
һʮˣЩȻǷıڣÿһ˵ʵڰ񾳽֮ϣ
ڴŵҲǰԾ̾û뵽ŵٳȻԻôİ񾳽ǿߣŵûкͻĻ϶ҪǸ
ã
һƻֱӽűĶ˻ٵһűȻը£ȴǳûһשʯ
űըҲͻأߵУĺѩȣסǵǰվŹŵɭľֵܣͬž⡣
ȻҹŵټĹűը٣Сӣԭ£
ŵٳ֣Ǽʮǿȫȥ
ߣ
һһɼǿƣץһðĺǹǹ֮ðٵĹű֮Уһɼǿҵĺ⡣
ȥ
һһǹһӰһ㴩Ⱥ֮Уǹâ֮޲ʹధ֮
Щǿߣȫ綹һ㣬ȫûаֿľжûüʹãǿһϮгűϢܹϵĹžžžĴ͹Ȼȫˣ
ŵٳ컹ûü֣ǿѪһƬ֮ϣȻ˵ʬ壡
û˿֣Щǿߣ¾Ǿ׷飬Ҳûȥϣ
ȫˣ
ŵվڴſڣоǾ˵ʵղŷ飬ӰƬһӹ㵽˶ӣ޷ˣ
ŵټǿ߰϶ˣξܹס㣬ŵټҲ군ˣеļ֮᳹ʧ
ŵ壬ǵһ壡
ɻû˷ܣҪ֤ǣ㳹׽ŵټ߱ɱǹŵɭľӣǲʹ죡
Ϲˣ
ȵ
ŵٳŵ˫ȶ£ɲԼֵܹһҲʵ벻ֻͨǽһ˾Ϊʲôǿʵ
ǹŵɭľħɫҩˮڵĺϢʢ³˹ٽĶ֣
ŵɭľΪЩǿֿԺɱ㣬ȴû뵽Ȼ˲һ
磬¸ô죿ֲ̫ˣ
ŵ˵
ž
ŵɭľһ˹ȥܵһۣ㣬Ϊܻٵҹŵټ壡
ͨڣ׼ȷλãֻҪһڣ֮أ
㿴Сʹڣʣ쾫ʲô߿ƼƳɵȷһŸڵȴû˿η壬Ц뿴ҪͨҲܻɱң㾿һ


1591 ˹
ܣ㣬Ϊʼǲսʤ߿ƼģͨڵðлһҪݻ㣬ͺһֱһ򵥣
ŵɭľЦ
磬ҪСģ
ĺѩ˵

Ҳૡ
䣡
ŵɭľͨڵĿأͲðһ̣ȴûڵŵøϽͲǰȥ˿ŵһ˵磬ͨڣǹŵټ岻֪ûóˣĻе˰
ƨǿƼԺеĸ߿ƼǶԸħģôܻʧЧ
ŵɭľȵ
˿ӰҲǳԣ㲻Ҫͨںôأ
ŵɭľԼˣͲ֮ϣ˱Ľסֻ˵㣬ʲôҪͨʧЧѾˣ
ʧЧô
۲ͨڣͨڲе˵Եʣǿأ
ӣͨأոնȻֻǿһ
ŵٳ̾˵
ƼԺзͨڵʱ򣬾Ϊ̫ң¹ŵټ䣬ʹͨڡ
̨һһť
ɫťǷڵɫťϨװõĿء
ǽºɫť޷ڵģҪȰºɫأȻٰɫء
ƣΪ˱Щŵټĵҵƿ̨ͨڣٶʱڣ޷о
ߣɣ
ְºɫأٰºɫء
䣡
Ͳһɾ޴ǹŵɭľֱӱݻٵĻҷҲǱ˫Ϊڵ˲䣬ǿҵȵİ׹⣬Ǹ޷۾
ھ̫ԶŵɾȻܿ۾˲䣬񣬲ΪԼҪǹС
ϾͨеڵֱܹӴݻٰǡ
Ȼ벻ǣԼûаˣҲ𣬵ȻŵɭľѾʧԭˡ
Ѿ⿪ץŮˣϵݣ૵һǷĽ磬绹ǿͨڵܵ
ŵû㷢֮ͨǰڹűܲһ磬ͨڵȻǿ󣬵޷ƽ硣
ӣѵҶӱɱˣ
ŵٳȵ
ڿǹŵټģѵԼ֪ô
㣬㣬ǹŵټƲҾƴҲҪɱ㣡
ۿû˵ȥȻôżӣұһ̣
еĺǹ˳ȥһǿҵĺϢǹŵٳ죬ͫ׷Ŵ޷סЩϢ
ȻʱӹűϷȴһӰǺӰڿӹȻֱӵڹŵٳǰֽĺϢȫ
ߣڳô
â
ĺѩȺͷվ󣬶ܸܴ˿ϼǹĺ̹Ƕˡ
ڹŵٳǰһۣüۣϵļЩήȥȻϣȴǺ᣺ŵٳ죬û뵽ǹŵټѾˣ
ǹŵټ顿Ա
ŵٳоȡ
үүɣһʷˣжҴиڵ̻ڵϢֻҪ̻ţұᱣסŵټĺˣҲǱɣ
۰ü˵סҵ֣˹
˹
ֵʱ򣬿һ㣬ƺҲҪסϺâȻҪ¹ŵټĺˣűɱʱΪβ֣
ûв½磬ҶȻ֣
˹˵㷢ͨڵʱϵģǸԭˣŵټ峤ǹŵٳ죬ֻҪסŵٳˡ
˵޹أ
Ҫɱŵɭľͨڣûв½磬˹Իֹ㣬ܸоһǿĽ粼£
˹ǰ㣬㾹ȻҶӱɱ
ŵٳɫһ䡣
ŵٳ죬ӵӦã㲻ؽ黳
ΪʲôƾʲôҪ
뷢ͨڣѳʵķΧŵٳ죬ûне̻ţҲؽȥ
˹˵
⣬˵ҶǷͨڣǶҪٵô
ŵٳ˵˭ɵԭ򣿻㣿˹ǰж㣬㶨ȻҪɱ㣬Ҷ𣡡
ŵٳԭﻹ˹ȣǺȻڱԹѾˣֻɱ㣬ŵɭľŻĿ
ŵٳ죬Юͼô浱ʱжңرû뵽ĺˣȴǴ⣬ʧ
˹ҡͷ
˵꣬ĺѩͰҲǷļһǲ㶯ֵġ
Ҳһ֪˹Լûж⣬ҪǾŵٳ죬ʶ̽⣬顿Ա˹ΪܲٺǰͶٽһȼģ
⡾顿Ȼ޾ԭеĵһָ֯Ȼžеһ˵ʵ
ǡ顿еĶ֣ǻ˵ã
¡顿ǶԸԭ֮Щħм
ţǹŵٳȴ˵˹ǰ㼸ȫ壬ѵΪ顿ԱýɱЧôѾƻһӦеĺг
ֻϧѾǾˣ
˹ҡҡͷ
Ϊʲôǡ顿͹ܲ
ŵٳ˵
ǹأֻعصˣ
˹˵
ף˰ɣ˹ǰܱסǾ㲻ˣȻˣǹŵټ廹ңһܹҫŵټ壡
ŵӲԶϽ˹ȥ˵ʵŵɭľ˵ûаͬ飬ʹǸ磬ɭľһֱ̱ĺܣŹ⻷ΪԼһܹΪһ峤ûнܷܵС
ļ䵱УɭľȰƵļ䲻֪жٴΣָ磬Ҫϣţǿ漣ˣ
ˣ㾹ȻΪֻԱ㾿ǲҹŵٳĶӣ
ףǲԱܱ𣿡
𣿡
ԣ𣬸Ҫֱ𣡡
ŵ˵
ʵϣƨı𣬲Ϊƭװˡ
ŵٳԭŭҲ࣬˹ȻϰҲ޿κΣ˵ûֻԱԱ֮뷨ɱ㡣
˹߰ɣ
ŵٳ˵
ͨͺãܶʱ򣬻űʲôҪ
˹˵
ߣ˵Ҫô
Ц
ŵټӣѣջ֪ʲô취Ը㣬ǲ£ߵ˲£
ϯ֮ϣȳĺѩʱûɫҺ壬δܹݻٹŵټʵǰŵټǲ׷ɱ㣬ʱ˵Ҫŵټ壬ѾųˣѵΪǰ⡾顿ԱӶˡˣ
ҪˣǸ干ںԿļһô


1592 Ǿҫ
˹ŵٳ뿪ȴû뵽ȻţȻǰڿԣЩ˼Сӣ֪ҪǾеˣոյĻѾһٱˣ
˹ǰСսȨ
˹ˣ㾹Ȼ㣬ɱҲû˻˵ʲôģ
ŵٳ츸Ӷһɿ
ֻ˹ȴǲһףұ죡
˵˽
ȵеĺǹٴսǹָ˹ǸӣҲҪ
ð㣡
Ѫˣ
ĺѩͰһģǶܽǷ˹Ķ֡
СӣȻ˺˵Щ꣬ҲǵһˣҲ˵ھзˣǹָξܲ³˹ЩɶĽ
ҵҪ׳һ
˹ȵδ֮ȴһޱȣҲպǹһǹâȥ
飡
ײ˶ܿʵ˹ֻȻ·磬ϵȴû˿仯ĺܡ
ùŵٳ츸൱˷ܣȻŵΪŵɭľ𣬵㣬ȴĺܣɱ㣬Ҳ˷
ߺߣʵȻһкܴһβ࣬ǾаţȷҪΪôʱɱǰͶٽҲ˵ʲôģ
£һ벻ģ
ӰȻֱӷϿС
ȷղҽóأ
˶Уǵķ羰۵ף˵ʵ¾ǲ½磬вǾҪ˴ݻ١
Ͼͨһھܴݻٰǣο˵ľ
ףǷȥˣ
ŵ̧ͷ
ͷ죬˹ǡ顿ԱҲˣĶ֣ˣ
һ뵽ӱɱŵٳıһŭ
˿̣ǹŵټűеļ̧ͷգеĲ˶ڹۿⳡʥս
찡ǰֻʶѩ˺ħڿдսȴû뵽컹֮ܿľ̫̫̼ˣ
һЩеľ񣬾ҲвڶԶտš
Ҫ֪յдʵ̫ǿˣǣԶ
ǡ顿˹벻Ȼڿо
˹ξ˵
˹ξ˵顿Ǿ಻ܽԷôôˣ
Сƣ˵սԷأ
ֵĿˣǾ͡顿ˮˮ޾ԭеһֱΪ顿ǵһǾȻڶԸܹǾڡ顿ǰ̧ͷ
УͶ٣³˹Ҳһֱڹע֮еս
Ͷ˵СӾȻһֱɵ飬˹֮ʵ࣬еģʤ
ҿʼСӵĿıˣҺ͡顿Կ֣
³˹˵
֮ΨһϽȴ˵⺢ӣ˴ʱҪȥܲһˣ
Ͻˣرס㣡
ͶٺͲ³˹ͬ
ǰͷ˵ҷҫ
֮У˹ȴǾУǲ֪ѾΪǵĽ㣡
պǹǿĺϢͶԷ⣬˹ǰͶٽһȼģʼЩģʹˣ˹ҲûܴϿɥУ
Сӣҹʮңжһһûʹȫ㻹ҪҶȥô
˹㲻Ҫᣬ۲ǹˣ
ϵȻڻܲ³˹֮ȻҪѰٸǿĶֽ˹ʵ
ǹ
˹ɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼ˿Ҫ֪Ŷ׼Ź㣬Ͼ͡顿һֱʱȻ˫ĸ߲㷢֣ʱ򣬿»ᾪһۡ
ǵĻ֮ûκι˼ɣ׼ʹȫⳡ
ˣ
˹е۳һľ󽣣֮ڵ磬ЩǱӡĹһ㣬ʹľ󽣿аޱȣɢɫâҫˣ˹Уһǵصƣ
սſʼ
еĺǹҲյĸˣܿ˹еľ󽣶ȻйŹֵģû̫ģȻȲԷǺսľ飬ƵȵȶڶԷ֮ϡ
Ȼܹϼ꣬˹ҲȻٱȲ³˹ٽҪǿϼȼǺȻһȼġ
֮ǺһȼģҲ޷ӳĿǰٷְٵ
󽣣ȥǲ֪Σ
Цţʯ֮䣬еĺǹȻһǹâ绮Ƴգ˲˹ɫη壬ľȻԼǰǵǹâȻЩȫɵˡ
ЩȻй죡
ľ棬һֻħľѪľѪ總ڽ֮ڣΪƣܹղֻħȻѾȥǻһ˿ں֮Уʵֻ̫ħĻǲᱻٻģ
ЩƾȻħľѪ
ħвл긽ڽ֮ڡ
˼
˵
Ȼ㵭СӣҸе棡һսעҪǵʷУ
˹ľ󽣣һҲӰбƮޱȣھ㲻ߵʱľȻһӡ
һɫĽâ㡣
ʮ
ͬʱоҲ׳ֵԵðޱȣкǹȻ̳
ָһǿҵɫ棬ڤĻԼںϳĳǿ棡
˹ֻоĺǹâʢһǿҵı֮ӿľâȻǹâֵסˣ
ܣ
ôܵҵľ󽣣
˹š
Ҫ֪֮ǰʹ߳ʤ㲻٣ʱľ󽣵ӳ֣ô㻹ܵ
ǣǻδֵܵסͶٽʨȭЩԷӡħɫҺ֮󣬶ңһУںоڤĻܵ˹һʵϲ档
˷ŵһмҲʹǶУǿľ󽣵ͱˣŵѤ⻪Լǹǹâ˫
Զգ˶׷׼ĺ˳ʣһǹҫ
СӣŶ̶գȻѾôǿˣΪĴٲΪ˰
ͶϴЦ⣬üͷĲ³˹˵³˹ӦþöˣȷҫҶпܲĶأ


1593 ޵ĳ
ⳡļңıϽҲѾִܲ
ʮ߸žÿŸ߿ƼˮܹӾУֱӴ͵ܲ
ΪľȻҲܵܲļء
ܲĻҵУڽٿ飬۵Ľ˹ⳡ
ŽУֱܹӿҵǰ̨ϣͶӰϿյľ
ֱֳһ㣬ĺܣڲٿܵԣлͷд
ʮˣһϽΣŷŽıޣɫȻ
ϽӦúúý£ʿΪλȥ͡顿ĳԱˣ
һϽȵơ
ȻҪλһ͵ģλѾ鵽ϣҪҹͣ
ǿϣᣬѱھУǹָξٽҽ컹еĹŵټ壬Ǻ͡顿еĳԱ˹ڿо
ϲ֮ˣ治֪Ϊλھ֮УϽ
ԭλѼϡ٣ָ߹ܲ鱨ˣ
޿˿ҪŭļλϽ˵㣬ǰǱʱ򣬲Ǳը٣Ǳҿ190ϣ٣пܣ
ʲôǶըˣ
ǻٻһȣ
ҲϽ˵
˵ҩƿҩˮ󽫡͡˳ǿ˹ġ͡Ȼηڵ
͡Ȼⲻܰɣ鱨Уôûһ㣡
Сӻǲ򵥣ڵҪ
ǡ͡ʵѾ˥˿ʼпأֲ˵ʲô
ûЩϽҩƿУһֿƼзܹԷӡֻħɫҺ壬ˣ

ڳϽˡ
ɫҺ壬ǶʲôյɫҺ壬ܹ֤ŹܹںɫҺ塣
ǡ͡Ϊڵ¡
һΣûκη˶ڴű޽Ļ
ܲ³˹Ḷ́ǲûע⣬㣬ûзӳȫʵͺں˹Եһ
һأǱޣҷţû֮һ
˵⻰ʱͶӰ棬Ǹдݣڻҹۿⳡ˶ܸܳϱǹǿƣ
Ǿ͡顿ǰΪһ֣Ҫ֪ǿħмǶڶħ룬ǻ˵ã
н׶κ˹ǲǵģǸոۣδ㣬뵽ð취
˫е龪ȣûмȴŶԷģȻ㽫Ǳ˵˳Ҹı˶Ŀ
ȻɫҺ壬á͡ηôܹΪǾԿħм
ϽǷһ屦屦Ǿһͬúػɣ
޵ͷ˹ս˭Ҳ޷Ԥϣš顿ǱҲѾˣҵǲǻȡκжҲһڴţⳡĽ
Ǿһֱ顿ѹƣԸ㣬ܹǸеҫ
ҵеϽȫߵľñƽŶͷͶӰеǸˣ¾
˹սȥѾ˰ȻĽ׶ˣʵֻ˹һԸ뷨ˣѾʹֻܺںǹעб֮ƽ֣ңȴܱǿıǹѾԺҵĽâƽ֣ⳡʤѷ֣
˹ľеħлܱĻذɣ
Ȼ˹ҲҪľеħлѣܹ˹ʵ£ʵ൱
ȴǲôΪ˹۵ǹҲĲˣϽֳʤɣ
ǹƭأܱʵȫǳӣ㻹ʵôܣܵģ
˹˵꣬ǿгһĨɫ⣬ɫγףһ·ᴩذɫס
ִǹɫףһսһ㣬ֱӳ˹˹ȥ
һ
˹ǿͽȻľ󽣽֮ϣҲ
Щֽ⣬һ⻪ǰ
Щ⻪۳һֻ޴Ӱ
бô
㵹ҪǹӰǺֻͣ޴Ӱʮɸߣģ˫¡ļⷢɫâѪڣҪ㡣
ľ󽣵еħл꣬ޣ
ǰҲһֻΪǿħڻԭ֮Уͳ˧һ֮֯ħж࿹ħΧˣ˹ľ£Ѫڽ֮ϣ겢δɢ
˹Ǽʶ޵ܽľޣڶְ·Žһɱ浥Ҫŵתܡ
޵ĳ֣ҲΪ𺳣ʹֻǹӰȻΪذɡ
ޣǻԭ֮еħ
㿴޶ͷһС̺ۣȻŹ⻪޵֮
ǰȻǿޱȣѾȥ²л꣬ȴȻ¶ԼڣҪնѡ
㣬㻹־ܰɣ޿ǻԭмΪǿħѾˣֻܹܵڵȻĶ֣
˹˵Ȱ㻹ǸϽ䣬ĻɱǾЩϽǶҪҡ顿ʦ
ŸոտЦ˭֪޹Ӱȴǽеľ֣˹󾪣ô£ҲľˣȻѾΪ꣬Ϊβҵ
޸û˹ľУһ㣬Ȼӽָ˹
һ̣˹㶼ЩΪҪľԸԼȴû뵽޲л֮󣬾Ȼ˹ƣҪһնɱ˹
ǲ֪ǣ޵ʱڶǿΧʵѾûκ·˹ǽɱģѡ˹ɱ
Ϊ̽Щǿߵ֮ŷ˹еľʺ־
ԣЩѪڽ֮γɺƣʵҲ޵ı־˹ǿʵ޵Ĳлõٻ޵־Ҳ׼˳
ˣߺߣҼǵ㣬ľˣѡɱңȷȷޱȵ飡
㿴޵ĹӰȻ沿ȻЦݣ·θܹȫһ㡣


1594 
˫ų⣬ͻȻ׺ޱȣ˹㶢ţȫ类סһȻҲö
Ȼľɱģ㵽Ҫʲô
˹˵
ʱôǿһϣҸ޷ѣǡľܹҽлȥôһֱľлָǣֻϧʱ˵̫أȻҪָô꣡
˵һеŬֵõģҴ˿˵統УԶеķĶ࣬ߺߣ˵ɱһԭħټʮֻգҲҪеȫɱɾԶʹ֮У
䣬޵Ӱȴڿ˸ĿҲ˵Ҫµؽ磬ƻǵ
ҵĴҵĴ޾Ȼǲл֣ӣٻָһıʵҪݻٵǶ׾ٵ飡
˹ҡͷƺ뵽ʲô㣬죬֣Ͻֹޣ
ûе˹ڣӰ׷ޣң޲ֻǴҪƻҪָʵ
һǹâĿͽȻһ䣬ǴֱȻĳȻֱӽǹâҲɢΡ
СˣΪǾܹ赲ôߣҿɲ˷̫ʱ䣬ȥɣ
沿Ȼһӣ֮л¡㻹õסһ˹ûľֵȻһֱӺɣȻ׹䣬һʮ˲ߵĴöˣͱ˽ϵļ˸
³Ѫ·صǴξ͡顿һֽͬħ죬Զȴ˿Ķ࣬˹ʱʵǱһĻֱӾͽȥǻָһʵȻޱȣ˹ĵ֪顿ûԱУǿ㳡ԮͺãĻʵöþҪ
˹վպ޾ȴǷ޵һȻзӡЧʱ˿̾Ȼʩչһ˿˵ҪԸˡ
Уðޱ˶ĿգȻƲ㵱мҪ֪ǴעǿҩˮģʵҲ磬Ŀ⿪أҪƲеļѡ
ʣ޵ĳ֣һʹǱΪǿߵ۷ԾȴǺȻ֮䣬ݱ˺ħ֮Ľ
һδ̫ˣȻħһоͼˣûа㾺
ˣħǵģҪ֪ԭⲿһǿĽ磬һ£Щħִֻܵ⣬ģ
ǰǵ֮УǴδֹħأֻˣҲֻϣܹħǵİ
һģ֪Ǿеţʧģ

ܲλϽͶӰϵ棬ҵպѹ֣û˵
УȥǻΣգ
˴Ƴš
˼ǣǳֽƷˣںδǽ봫ȵִﷲҲǶȻܼʱϸģ
οǡ顿ģƾʲôȥʰо֣ȻǾǷŵսӦʤˣ
ڲʤ⣬еİȫ⣬һսҲΪֹ˽ħжҵһΣǾʱʮλ֣֪޵ǿȻڻûлָ۷ʵȻܶԸģɱֽһţ
ſУЩҫ֮ˡ㷽Ųǻ˹ΪһǱ޻ɱʣǾʧ
ϽȻеǣ˵㣬һ˼ţһа취ֹޣ
޽۹һֱĺܣ۹⣡
ЩϽ΢΢ͷ

ǳ⣬ӰҲڸ˸Ƕһۣ˹ϵ޼
⼸ٶ죬ҪϸҪһ㡣
˹ǸһȻǵϿպ;˾˾ˣȻ޳֣£ǡ顿ɶˣ
ߣͿ˲ˬˣһ綼˹ֻ˹ѧղûӮСӰˣСȷʵҲǰţѩ˷Ŷ޲ڣ
ѩǲǽǣΪ˵סޣƳ⣬¾Ƿصԭ֮⣬ҲùǴݻٵ
䡣
ϿյļңҲ˵ǱӱޣСӶסˣ

ȷסãŵʮ嶼˴Ҫ֪ź˹֮ľûʹȫ޵ʵȴǿĺܣĿǰʵܹסܣѾǲˡ
Ҳĺܣи޶ȻɱԼǻǣ뵽ű֮еĺѩͰȣڱǷӿ
Сӣҵ͹ʵȻֵ֧ڣ
޺ȵľľл֮˹֪ǿ˶ٱĺǹľݺѹס
ߺߣҪ֪Ǹ˹ļһһʼĶ֣ھȻĶԸңⲻǰ׳յΪôҿСҲ츳罫ƻ֮ңұʵٶȷ
Цݣ˵㻹ûñ۸ʱ
еĺǹͷųȥǿҵĺϢԼڤĻ׵ȫУһǹȥƴҴң⻪죬ҲǳֺּȻеľҲȻһӡ
һɫâǿڿײ䡯һնҪ˺һ㡣
ܼȿֲʵҵʵѾ۷ʱڵ߳ɣ¶ЩԵֵ
˵ûɱˣ׼ȥɣ
ɫâľлǵذϯգ类Ĩɫڡ
顿Ǽ˷Žǣǿܲһ㣬ܹܵǿǱ˴һۣҡͷǵֵסСӣãǾģǡ顿ĳԱǿɾϧˣ
ǲǸǻɱ޵ģǵʵҲȻ޷ֻ޸ϳǵģֻҪޱϳȥˣ޷С
Ϊÿһ֮⣬һǿĽ磬磬ûκһֻħƻ
˿̣Ϊź㼴ɱ֮ʣ֮УȻһʣ˲ȼա


1595 
⼸λ顿ĳԱǵʣܲҵеϽͶӰϿнǺȻޱȣ·𶼲Լ۾
ǱǴ˵еѪ񵶣
˵޾ԭʹõľôУѵĴ˲ɣ
ҵУǾ֮

ȷǽѪ񵶰˳ʵϣҪ㿪޻ӳâģϾĿǰѵڴ˿̣Ѫ񵶵ĹŻȴǴ㣺˯ôãҲʱˣ⣬Ȼħٺ٣û뵽㾹Ȼִܹ
ѪһʣֱӽâֵסҲǺȻһЦСٲ֣жѾ׼㶪ȥˣ
СŵĲҳѪ񵶵֮ȴʣʹ޶һֱѹֵĸоô᣿Сӣô£ôͷųôǿҵ
ߣޣǱ۵ľǵܻصԭ֮⣬
ȵ
ƨƾ㣬Ҳ뵲סޣߣ
еľٴλӳһɫӽ浱ӿѪȴһ㣬ƿЩâֱ֮ӳޡ
ˣޱһǰŵЩҪˣϾѾѹô꣬ǽǻٵҲ泩Ѿ޴·ҲֻܺӲƴ
˫ȻսľʹȫһСӣ㳢޵ռ
ã
С
з׭壬˲ң
ȵһǰѪȻ¡
䣡
ؾҪٵһ㣬Ƕ𵴲˭ڹעⳡս˭ʤΪ޻㣬ʣǱؽһʷǰĺƽ١
Ȱ׹ϿգܲͶӰҲȫһƬɫϽȵô£ôؼʱ̣ôû˻棿
Ӧ˱ǿʹЩݶͷȫˣ
ѣǣ޷֪ĽһҪӮˣеľǺã
ģʧ
ʹû˻棬ϽȻЦǸһ㡣


֮Уӿ׹䡣
ܣ
ӰݡĴԶӹɿصķΧ֮ڣʩչ磬ǰļȫ
¡¡
˲ʱ׹ײڽ֮ϣȴͣ
ĵײȺвűһкħʬ壬Ӵ󰡣ǿܣ
ǴҲʵٶҲǷɿ죬תۼ䣬õϣѾûˡ
ǿֲ޾ˣ̺ǿǼ֣ʬ嶼⼸ó״ݻ٣
ҪᣬޣӦã
СҲȷʵ޶ˣҲشӲܰ
ǼȽ޵ʬڻ
⼸λ顿Աͬʱ֣Ӵʬ嶼ʮɶߵҲǳʧС
һλԱҵ˹ϵƴһ飬˹Ҳ˵ףȥСӣĵ¶Ҫ飡
ǽм׵˵ͷ˶һȥ
һ¥Ķˣ޼սһ̣˫ûκȴӲӲ޵ʵ̫ǿˣھͷǱٷ֮ٵ
ѪҲش
˫ڵʣڱ鲼ȫһɫâѸٵΪǿײ澭ɵˡ
㣬֪֪һ£Ҳˣ浱Ǻǵأ
ⲻûôοǷŶ㿪һȻҪѣСǵʵϿպҶԾô
ĵ
Σ㶼̫ˣȫԼҪ֪ǹҵˣֲ֪Ҫ˯ˣ
һֱ汾۵Ļ»ϰֳģ
Ц
Ҫ֪Ҳ֪ٴսֳ棬̫࣬ʲôˣ
Сһ˵ϴνشҲʧ̫Ҫ˯УҪҲ


Źʱڵ澭Ѿ׭Ĳˣ˫Ȼϥŵ˫ȣҲȻһվ
վ˲ˣЩ˵УĺѩͰȿ۾Ǿϲ㿴ǣҲǴЦ⡣

磡
˶ߵһԿźһʹࣺ˵۵ˣ
ŵҲΪ㿪ģڹű֮УһΪԼᱻͨںѲк󸣣ŵټѾʵŵ壬ȻΪеĵһ塣
磬㿴¥£
˵
ţ
һۿȥ¥¾Ȼվһŵľǳ¥Ĥݣ¶ϲ㣬죬쿴ˣһǸжʹӢˣ
Ӣۣ
˶ͬ˳
磬Ӣۣ붨ʱ򣬴ҶϲϣܹѹǣǵӢۣ
ǷĤݣͬĺӢ֮ҲдȷУ˭ĻУĶ
㲻ٿ¥£˵ɣǹŵٳ͹ŵأ
ˣ
ˣ
˵ɱģ
Ȼڿк޾ʱ򣬹ŵٳҪߣŵļλǿ߽նɱˣ
ŵ˵
ŵˣּ죬ҲΪҺ֮ĶԹˣҪùŵټأ
㵭˵ȷʵ
ŵץץԴվŵĽŮľ˵㣬ŵټŵߣҸҲҪȥǼһۣ
ŵټ壬˽ԭ򣬺Ǽ޹أл
˵ߣ췢̫飬жýûʱ丰磡
㲻˹ŵټ壬һܡ顿Ա˹ˣϿնɱħޡ
һϵе飬͡顿֪ܲʲô뷨أ
ľһ˿ʧ֮ɫϴǰŵܿŵټ׷ɱҲԼ˽룬ȴû뵽㿴ˣΣȴʵʵڵҪ㣬ֻǣû뵽ܾ
ŮУһ˾ܾΣȻǺѹһ顣
ľӣҺͷ϶ҪطģԺʱ䣬һؼмף
ŵ˵
Ҳ΢΢ͷŵľҲϴЦ⡣
ݡ
ӰӸ¥ײ˸ϣ㶨һһˣһǡ顿˹


1596 ټ
㣬С󣬱شȻôָ㲻ţһеľţ
˹˵
⻰˵ûаζ̸ȻƺѾ˷űܵʵ
˵ʵ˹ﻹмģҪ֪ս⽫ٻûеס޵ĻǶпܳΪһƬ棬ʱ򣬾ǡ顿˹ҲܲôΣɱޣպ޺֮ǣǡ顿ҲĸԸ
˹ߵλ顿ԱĿҪӵĶˣȻǶʵȻѵģǾճһλţҲǸеѹ޴󣬶ңֻɱޣΪӢۣҲʹһս˳֮£顿ھеɽͲ١
㻹ȥ޵飬¶ѽͰɣ
˵
㽫޻ɱĻҵȷѴ̣ڣдҲ˴ţ
˹˵һսȷʵҼˣΪǾҫ
û˵
㣬ٹãħӣϣʱټ㣬ʱҽǶ֣ѣ
˹˵꣬ͺԱһͬˡ
ħ
¾Ǳ֯ɵİɣԭ֮⣬ħҲñۿʵʱˡ

ȻΪԭ򣬽ֵӵ·ǳ㻹ӿдĺѩͰȷɻؼУڷһ˹ĸں棬ж˸ˡ
Ͽ˱ҲŵټץסܹѺȴǱŵҵǰͻ˼壬ǵҲŵĺø˼֡
㲻Ҫؾɣ
㽫ҲǴ˼ţȿƺ뿪˼˵
⡭
ԭΪ˷ŵľӣ˵ҪصģʵϣУȴûκָҪȥ
ŵ˵磬ȻؾɣʲôĻٳ㣬ⳡսڳϢã˹ξҲκԹԵģ
Ҳǵͷ
ˣҲһģǸõǹСŮһȥˣ
վڲԶĺѩҲԴЦ⣬˵ѩʵ̫ˣûϴɶô
˵ʲôأ㣡
ĺѩһ˿Ůɬ
ҲǿĺѩЩԾ͵͵㣬ĺѩ⼸춼ѰԼĸףҺܵĸ׵İΣ
֪Ҳǲ죬ڷʱʶҲǸоĺѩ͵͵ӷ뿪
С椣ӦûȥҾ¹ˣҲԣϾǾ¹Ůô⣬Ҳ޷ıʵ
ȥ
ĺѩ͵͵ģѾ˯˵ķûвҲֻһĿģǾѰҾ¹
еĽֵ࣬ϴĺѩҲֻƳһۼΪƾ¹ˣǷǾ¹ǻҪۡ
ǴԺĺѩÿζܾþ¹͹ĲһҪҵ¹񣬲ΪģΪĺѩĸס
ĺѩӳûĸףǾ¹Ȼ¹ҰļΪ˹ȫĺѩΪŮƽ̫ࣺףѩһҵģ
ûͷʱһĳ棬ȴĿΧ߸ˣǶĭŵһȭߣﻹ˵϶ȻǶĳǲˣ
϶Ǹӣֲÿûам֮
Ÿ缸ѵǸӣҪ´ûǮĻͲҪҶĳˣ
Ǽ˲ˣ׷¥ȥˡ
ĺѩŵϱȵһˣͷɢȫ۹ͽӡͷ涼ǿˮĭһ˫۾ǲӼȻݣ鵱УаϽ֮⣬ǷϵĿ
Ӯ˴ǮƵ˴ҡڳĵĶ˼ŰԪƱڵϣͷɢ˾ȻȥҪ
ߣؤӮǮΪʲôҪ㣿ʲô
Ǯ˽ŲڳƱϣͷХ
ǮǮǮҾͿҩ
Ǯ㣬Ǯ
˿ధ
ƵģҪӵǮ±ӵİɣ
˾Ҫһ߳ȥ˿̣Զȴһ
飡
Ǯ˱ԶӴĽлһۣŶԸģȻһλŮӦ˵ǾɫŮ٣ָߵεĻľ飬δǰôƯŮˡ
Ů˫֮УƺˮȻ͵ϵġ
ǾɫһŮ߽ˣ˫ᣬ˵ף㣬㾿ô
ϵǼǼٿǮȻٴ̧ͷЩҪرĺѩ۾ҪߣǣƤʵ̫أһŶ߶߹ǣ
ھ¹ޱȷľ¹ǵģĺѩ۽ǵվ˳¹ƶãʹǿվ
٣Ů㸸ôڶĳʱ򣬿˹طϴҩ˹طϴһžͰ߷ˣҵʱ㸸أ
ǸǮԭĺѩĳֲ˵еǮǹ㸸׳һӵıҩҲûйϵֻҪܵţ
ߣ
ĺѩûпһۣеŭƺȫ˫֮УৡһеȻ˵ؿȥһǽķɳȥ
ۣ
ڿѪȻĺѩҲͨˣѾעǿҩˮȻûжǵģڵֻܷӰٷ֮ʮ
ֻԱˣ
ĳʱҲǳһˣǴ඼ͷתǺ⣬ƺĳģԺĳǮͶ֣
ҸǮֻҪǰץסӣ
ѪǮ˺ȵ
㣿Ǯ
ӻͳһǮֱ˳ȥм
еʱñ˰æҪ̫ԣֻҪǮҾˣ
ʣɵģЧѡ
ЩͽʵȻǺǿʤ˶࣬Ҷ¾֮ˣʲôı᣿
ԸһŮˣǾô´ࡣ
ٺ٣һƯŮˣ
˫ųâҪĺѩȥ
ĺѩҲûоɫʱҲûɫǣôһƬģȴǵһǵʵ׶Ը
Щͽûг֣˿̣ĺѩһ֮ȴǻĺѩǿǰЩͽȫ˱顣
ôǿĺϢѵ磿
ĺѩ²


1597 ȵ˼
ԭҲûôͱ¶ݳֵģʵ̲ȥˣǮǸɫǾˣȻųƱҵһɫҪԸĺѩ
Ҫ֪ĺѩŸոҵ¹ƣǴⱻЩɫռ˳Եǻ˵ã
㵱Ȼ鷢ģ֮ӰֱӳǮǰһĤݵĿ⿴㣺磬ҿʲôûɰĹҰɣ
һֱ֮ӽ˶ɱĺѩһȥȴĺѩ˵ףҪȥ
ͷǿ¹Ҫߣĺѩȴž¹񣬺˵Ҳʲô¹ҲҵŮԶ㣬֣
Уѩ˵ʲô뿪ˣ
ߣѳɷˣŮϵ뿪ûмң
¹ټȥĻŮڽͷǿʬ壡
˵
¹һĺѩ֣һطȥҪң
ĺѩҪ׷ȥȴǱסˣԼúɣ
磡
ĺѩ˵㻳бǿ˳㱻ĺܽϣޱȣ㵹û˼ȥЩǰ£ͼοĺѩʱ̣οֻʵ䷴
ĺѩҪййŮõйʽǿ
֪˶ãĺѩɿ㣬˵Բ磬̫ʧˣûˣǻȥɣ
ûˣ
ţҲ׵ģ
ĺѩ˵
ĳĶ¥ڣһźɫµ˿ĺѩɾһ뿪дһ˿Ľվżһ˵˹طϴ椶ؤŮгӣԭˣֻһ˭֪ɱ£Ϊĥʳҩ
ߣѰûгǿҪҩ죬Ҫ֪˹طϴбҩӦ̣ûǮҩҲֻˣ
˹طķеͷԺؤңҪٽѵˣ
˵꣬˹ط뿪˴˶˽ϴʲôʱؤȤˣǴģ
ô᣿ϴǵϳĺˣҲˣôܻģҸոռؤŮ۾϶Ƕ椶˼
٣˵ϴ󻹺ѵöһ椶ǿɵúúð
ôؤǴһ٣ѵţ
ţǿȥҩԹԾͷ

ĺѩصסĵطû˵ʲôĺѩǻطˣصԼʱҲһȾȻĴǰ
ڸûͷκʶȥ˿̰ȵĳ֣ЩСģһǳɫ˯£Ľë¾Ө͸۾һ°Ķ쵰飬Щ
Ͻܲһ磬¸ǽж
ȣҷи
һŮҹ㷿УʲôҪôȻЩ֪ʣЩֵʹǰŮӵй
ߺһƬֻˣңȵ˶ˣ
ϲ㣬ǲǽ彻޹ء
ҲǸԥˣЩھУȷ࣬ҷŵټ壬ɱ¾ϢѹãҰȱŮˡ
ûж룬ֱӽƵڴϣ˺ܿԡ
һ꣬Ⱥ㴲˶ʱûиоʱ㣬ɺܷḻҲоκοС
ԭˡ
Ǵ˿̣ȴǸеһִδйĿУ֮ϸǴҸЦݣſϣСˣҪܹÿ϶ԼԣǾҸ
ڶһ磬˯ͷȻڴϣѾͷϣ˵ң˯ͷˣûʲôһصҵķУ
ƺܼ
ЦЦֲɣΪʲôҷųȥأ
⡭˿˲ã
˵
ֺγϣŮ˵أȴ㲢ǷˣǳӢۣעĿĽ㣬ңһֺرظУЩðȸоȻߣȴһңԶ
ʲôõģ㲻ҵŮô
Ц
ȸպô·Ȼո˵Ǿ仰ۣǲ֪γȥ
Ƚﰡô϶ûпأҽͺõģ
⣬м˵
ȵˡ
ҳȥɣ
Űȵ֣žһŴ򿪣ЩڿгԶŰȳҲһϲŷ˺׿ȵҲǴԭأɫܿͻָƽǶ֪ϲģ˶ݵĶ
Ⱥһ𣬲Ǿ䡣
ŷ˺׿ȻĽźҲἵ㡣
Ƚ㣬ԭһ϶緿ﰡ֪أ
ŷ˵ĵܵܵϿСЦЦӶһ塣
ȺߵУ˵Ǹţˣȥ
ӷ䵱гбۿ㣬ƺһӵԹǶȥ֮㣬Сӣû뵽ҲǸӣԴȣҪҼĺѩںεذɲܵС
ĺѩأ
ʵ
ι㻹ûشأ
ˣ
㱾ͲʶͷųȥӶûĺѩӰȻһ磬ǳȥˡ
ĺѩôȥԭ򣬺ʣֻо¹
ĺѩˣ϶ȥҾ¹ˣУҵýͰһʡɵ椳Կ
˵뿪ˡ
ȸպ߳Ļνı飬Ҳ򶨲١
һţ̵ݸ㣬ʵǲҲϲĺѩ㰡

ҲЩ죬ĺѩף˵ĸ˵ǲϲģǿ϶˵ٻˣĺѩԸܺãŮѻŵѡϾĺѩദ̫ãϲҲǺøУ밮޹ء
ǰȾͲͬˣȱϾǺͬŮˣʹ˵ĸ鲻Ǻվһϵ㲻ǰҲ޼ˣȱĻֻʱĳˡ
ϲϲɲԴӦңϲ˭Ҫϲ𣿡
˵
Ҫ󣬾ôͣô򵥣ϲ˿ԣǲҪϲңҪҡ
ȿȻʧЦӣҲǼˣʮ˵ӦҰֻҪӦң
ҡҡͷɵ椲ҪֻͣҪһŵЦЦɵˣҲӦ㣬ģһһֱϲŮˣ
ţ
ǴЦݣЦ绨


1598 
һ춼չҲȥֻÿʱͻ͵͵һۣ֮ҲԼ飬ǹеһЩŮڴƽƽİһ㡣

⴫죬Ƿˣʵôˣ
ѩץˣ
ææ
˿̣ע⵽۾ҲͽȻûн볹׵붨׶ΣϾϴδ󽫡͡ų飬ҲǲҴ⡣
Ҳǿ߳˵㣬ҷȥѰѩ˭֪һͷɢһҶʶǾ¹治֪Ϊʲô
˵ص㣡
ţصǣǸͷɢ˽˶ĳ¥ұҪȥȴֶ¥һֱǿ߶ţͲȥ
˵
˵꣬ǿʧԼǰȻȥĺѩˡ
˵㣬㲻Ҫģĺѩ㲻µģ
ߣ㲻ҪװˣѩҲϲ㣬֪ģôȵ
ҡ
ȱ˵һֶ˵
ŷ˺׿˸ճţ˵ҲŮˣǲǷˣԣ㻹˵Ҫѣ͸ˣ
ߣ
Ļص˷䣬Ҳǲˬĺܣ޾ԭҪҵģȴ뵽ûӰڣϦദĺѩֱץˣߵǣȻҪͨŷ׿˵
Ҫ֪ƹһģȴû뵽䵽أ쿴ͷɢһľ¹񣬻οѵģ٣ˡ

ҹĻζĳ¥
ǰȥǼĸߵĳͬԵƽ˿Ķ࣬ǲҪʾκVIPԱ֤ģȻ˵УȨ󸻺Ҳ̾
ûǰ㶥̴ʩĳƣ˻ϲһĸоĻ¶ĲӵĴ̼
ĺѩ¹϶¥ĳ֣ʹһƬĶͽȻĺѩǺܷΧЩģͷų絲סЩǺ˵Ҳһ飬Ǿǻڵľ¹ıˡ
ٶͽ˲עſˮſڣͼҪڨĺѩмŶˣûа취˭ĺѩʾһΧ൱һŮǱ˵ǽ֪ܲϡ
ؤ˭ôܺ椶ߵô
˵ףҪȥ˹طİ칫ң
˹طϴ椣
Щ˵Ҫ˹طϴİ칫ңǲҪ֪˹طĳͶˣڵҲǼ
˹طޱȣǰڵϻʱ򣬽һСͼֱˣɳⷬ飬лôΪĺ̨Ӳ
˵˹طĺ̨еĴ壬Ҳ˻˹طĺ̨Ǿеˡ֮˵硣˭Ҳʵġ
ף㾿ʲô
ĺѩʵ
ʣŮҲẦ㣡
¹ǻ谵ӵһ˿Ρ
Ǽٵȫн˱ҩƮƮɵʱ˹طļ±ҵϵǣǲûб¹񣬸ǽһҩ
ΪʲôΪʲôҪ
ΪʲôϴŮֻǼȻǼŮĻϴȫǵн鶼סģǮû򵽱ҩ
ٺ٣ϴǸĺˣȻĺǶŮһֱǿϹԹԵĽŮ϶ĳԺҩ飬ͲҪˣ
£ǱˣȥҴҡ
ҩ޾ԭ֪һֶҩʳ֮УҲν񫡣
ҩǿޱȣһЩǿ߷ʳֶҩ޷һ˾ֻвϷʳҩС
¹¹еһЩҪлһЩģȻҲ齨һ֧СǣںһĶԿУ˽ȫɱЩǾ¹ԭЩϡ
һ
⻹㣬ԷͷĿΪĥ¹񣬽ҩҩעڣʹþ¹ܱҩ֮ࡣ
ûǮƣֻܵ취͵֣ΪûǮƣ޷򵽸߰ıҩûбҩ
Ҳĺѩ϶ĳҾԶûбʳٲҪ˵ʹ࣬ĺѩŮĻ£ӦʲôŮһ𣡡
¹¶ģŮҩɰʱĺѩڽֵϵѰҲ˼ھĺѩ϶ĳȻĺѩࡣ
ĺѩҲȻ뵽еб¹һΣ޾ԭҪһͬ飬ͬǣһΣ¹ԱȫΪɣһǳΪԼ
칫ҵűÿ¹ĺѩ˽ȥ
˹طڰ칫ҵУǱ׼Ĺʲôն񣬰칫ﵱȻм֣һĿĺѩ
ĺѩǵĿȻЩ֮ԱǣȻҲʼղ֪¹Ϊ£ͻأþ¹Ӧûʲô¡
λؾĺѩɣʣޥģ˹طôŮˣδƯŮˣ
˹ط˵
룺˹طϴҲȫڵϻľͻ
ף㵽״ʲôӦܹ˰ɣ
ĺѩ֣ص
¹û˵
ô㸸׻ûʲôģ̫Ӧ˰ɣҲûʲô㸸ҲǺ⣬ҪΪҵŮ˰ˣ
˹ط˵
ΪŮˣ
ĺѩȣһ˫ˮӵоӨһƬҧź촽¹񣺡Ҫ˲ɣ
ѩҲǱƲѣûбҩ޷棡
Ϊ˱ҩҪŮҸҵĸôĸյʱôӦģô
¹ĺѩ˵ĶʱȻ
ϴҸģҪ֪ϴרһˣʵ󣬲ңһһڡ顿ʦ֪ŮҪϴĴȥ
죬ϴ˵ˣ治Ҫ㽫顿˵ȥϴʦ᲻ˬģ

˹ط΢ЦĿĺѩѩѵ˹طŮôǶŮ飬ңһٻһܰǿУûκһˣһ㣡
¹Ҳ˵ѩŮʼҪҵԼĹޣ˹طһϴԺҲǳĶŮᣬչ㣬һܷǸ㣬ʺģ
ʲôΪԼ棬ٴѩôǺǣ㣬Ȼ֪ҸģҲҵҸ⣬޹أҪҳΪŮˣΣ
ĺѩսȭͷϴŭ⣬ȻѾ˾񣬷¹


1599 ˸
һĺѩб¹ȡʱĺѩһֲԣȻίֻ۽ᣬΪ֪Ǹף˽һжУѡ
һΣ¹ҪΪԼҸʱȴѡ˷ٴα¹ˡ
Ȼ˵ϴ󣿡
һ˺ȵ
˹طȴǻ˻֣ʾ²Ҫڣѩڻҵĺãף˹طǳĶŮأһұ֤պᰮҵģ
ҪĻȻҪȥ˹طһƣȻ˵աĺѩͻᰮɧ浱ԼĳAVԱˣ
˵Ůô
ҴӲǿŮ飬ҵԭ򣡡
Ǻãߣ
ĺѩ˵
Ѿ¹һۣĸףֵȥע
⡭ѩںҽӴʱжֻ̣Ҫʱһ϶ģϲ㣬ϣܹչһӣ
˹ط˵
㲻ǺԭôӲǿŮ˵ôʲô
ĺѩ˵
˹ط˵Լڵ飬ĺѩǸŭı飬ȴ˵ڣ椶ɱǰϵЩҪѸĶ࣬һǾ¹񣬺߻ѩҪǻСһĻͳ룬ǾԲͬģ
ҵҸӽ쿪ʼûйϵ
ĺѩ˵
¹һĺѩǽ۾з·𱻴ʹһ㡣
ĺѩתҪ뿪
ģƲԳԷƣס椶ҾŪϴ̣
˹طȵ
ĺѩ칫Ҵţ̣ϾĺѩǾɫŮΪһŮ˶໨ѵֵõġ
С椼ȻҪߣҲٲȥˡ
ĺѩٶȼ죬򿪰칫ҴűȻˣĳ棬˸ŲЩͽǶֻһӰǰӹƺеζ
ǼҲͨˣƷΪתۼҲ˸ȥǵĺѩǰ
ٺ٣С椶ϴϵŮˣûʧֹģ㻹ҪܣڴϣϴǻŪģ
ǼƷŮҪϴˣܷһͺˣƽˬа
⼸˶ƤЦ
ͽǵĿҲ˳תƹȥΪ˿Ů͹˲ǸڽеĶľ֡
ǵУҲм幫ӡ
һˣеĴ壬Űү۾ĺѩٷְٵŮû뵽ȻĳУߺߣĳƺ˹طɣҲ޷ûʸŮˣ
֣߼Ҳү˼ȫɴȥ
˹ط¸ĺѩȴû뵽˲֮ͣŰºʵҪǿϲ٣ǵĳ֣ҲǼɫһ䡣
Ű׵£ɲãŰе壬ŵټʵڸڵڶ׸һӵܣҪ˹طϴŮˣ
һ˹ط뵽
ʲôϽŮ뿪
Ű׺ȵ
˹ط£Ȼǰ棬ֵĺѩȥ
ףȻҵĶĳһҵ£ҵŮˣǵ죡
˹طӰ칫ҳȵ
˹طþòүʺģ
Űһ˿âҪ֪˹طıҩһٵһΪǶŰȴһٶʮһǿҶŰ廹Σ
˹طҲû뵽ԷΪ鷳ʵϣҩļ۸Ҳһ㲻䣬һıҩҪʮģ˹طҹ꣬ĳڼ壬ͳһһٵ׬ȡʮ
ٽһٵıҩǷһʮĲ˹ط˵ʲô
һʱ䣬мҹ꣬ͼȴǽҩļ۸˽ߵһٰʮ
˹ط޿̡
Ҫ֪׬ʮۣƾʲôñ׬ʮۣ
ԣЩҹ߼幩Ӧıҩ۸
Ű壬ʣ֮һ
ף˲£ǶŰ岻ʣ˹طҲ᲻壬Ϊ˹طҲǸ¶ˣ缸꣬Ҳһ壿
˹طһЦ
ߣҪĹأǱ߱ҩ𣬹Ӧ󣬲߽˱ҩӦн˱ҩҩߵһٶҸ޷Щӵθڣ
Ű׺ٺЦ˵ǰЩǸ˶ʮ˵ļôǸЦԭһֱΪ
УҪŮˣүˣҪԸǶŰ壬ȥĻ¹ԶԶģ
ף㲻Ҫ̫浱˹طҶԸǶŰ壿
ߺߣҶŰҲ뿴㱳Ƿд˵еǰأ
˹طˣ뵽ڹϾȻŰ鷳ǲԸŰףΪʦ̫⣬ǡ顿ˣҪ֪顿һֱص͵ģ̫
Ű׼˹طһԣҲЦ˹طҲʵΪжأɣǶŰѾ׼ٴҩˣԺҲ޷вǶŰ棬˳ٸһԺ죬ǧ𳶻ƤΪ˶˵ģ
缸ߣ
Ű״ҡڵĴ˹طǰȥ
Ȼ˿̣¥ȴһӰ˭ҲûܿӰע⵽˹طıĻͻᷢǾȻһ˿ϲЦ⡣
Ű׵ֱӱǵӰײǽϣĺһŴֱסܶ˶ѾŶŰ׵ߡ
ү
Ű׵¶ƺҪȥİȻǸոһ¥ݣȻը
žžž
类һ㣬ȫڵ
ȻߵĽ
ʦ
˹ط˵
ȴɿŰ׵Ĳӣϴһ˿Į㻹˼ʦȻһСӱƵ˵زǶҵ棡
ʦͽֻ֪ŰʵڲһЩСԱģͽ»ìܣԲһõģ
Ҳʦ˵ģСҴı
ǶŰ׷űߵ嵽УҪ֪ŰҲûмʶ֣δһơ
űŵһ˲䣬ŰףԼҪˡ
ĺѩĿǰĻһУǰȻм˹طµסֻгңӳȥʩչҪǼ˵
ܣΣ
ǼҲʩչҪֱץסĺѩ
žžž
ȻǼȴû뵽ǵָҪĺѩֱ֮ȴһ˪Ƭ̣˶γ˱
֮¥֮䡣
üͷһ壺Ȼ˸֣


1600 Ű
ĺѩֻһӰǰһӰǳԣȻѾ֪⽫ǰ˶ǿ˭ԴĿԣ˲Ǻˣ
磬ô֪
˵ģ㻹ҪԵͷŻ᳤أ
ҡҡͷЩɸֵ˼
ģԺ󲻻ٷˣ
ĺѩܳȵĵͷҲתȥ˸һ˿м֮⣺㣿նɱ޵㣿
仰˵ȥ˹ط¥ѾվĶŰ׶ɫһ䣬жôǲ᲻
Ӣۣĸ֣ɲ˭ġ
顿Уѩһͽնɱֻħ㹱ףûܵϳӢĸ֡
ȻȻֻնɱһֻħޣ޵ΪһħҪǿϲ٣ǷУвпȫҲԵĹޱ֮
ǡ顿е˹ǳӣֻ˹ǡ顿вǷһ㲻ʲô£
˼ǣҪ㣬б£
۾һϷʰЦݡ
ߣĪޣǲܵ飬ɱ˻δָʵޣҲУ
ԭĪޡ
㣬ңǶŰүףΪ˾Ů˲ź˹طͻһҪҰ
Ű׹ѡ˱ȡ
Ȼ㲢ôƭģȻǸոոϵʶѽĳ˭˵ʲô˭ʲô飬ָơ
ҲǺö
һƻ纮һ㣬ֱӽŰ׶ɱ
úݵСӣŰ׺ôҲǶŰү㾹Ȼɱ治¶Űıô
еĹŵټ嶼ˣһǼıôҪӦñŮˣ޷ĻǻҪһΪã
㵭Ȼ˵
һԵĺѩһ˵ž¹ƭȥҪ˹ط֮ʱǱǵĻôڣůˡ
νҸĺѩУҸ
㽫ŰɱˣôһӦþɱ˹طˣ
ܴ
ЦЦ
˹طĪ޵ͽǰ㻹Ҫɱô
԰ͽ
ȵ
ߣСӣȻʦǡ顿еǿߣһɱģ
˹طҲ˵
Īһ㣬ΪĪҪԾʱ򣬾Ȼֱ˹طʸһĳ
ˣ
ʼ硣
㲻׷ȥأ
ҾҪ׷Ҳסҵģô
ЦЦ
ĺѩȻܹ˼һȷΪա
¥ݼֻʣ¾¹һˣ˶סˣļʼС
ǺȻĺѩ߽ԣܸедǹɲС
ѩԭ¸ôңûбҩ޷ȥˣԺɳˣ
¹ధ
ĺѩȴǱһƬǵһξ¹Ϊ˼ĺѩݣһΣˡ
һˣŮ޷Ҫʲôס
߰ɣ
˵
ĺѩͷҲǺ¥ݣת˲䣬ĺѩ·Ȼһ㡣
¹뿪ıӰۿ

һС
Ī޺˹ط
Īһ±ڶ˿ţ˹طȴǳüĲƽ
Ī޴Ӷĳߣֱ˲һԲ
˹ط̲סʵʦѵʵҪηôҪ֪ڲպҪǱҵأ
ĪҡҡͷҲ˹ط˵ڡ顿ж̫ˣ˹Ƿ˵һǹ¶ˣеӢۣǺá顿ʧȥģʱ򣬸߲ʹҵģ
ԭˣ
˹طȻʦ㲻ܶԸ㣬ӦǺã֪᲻ԸҰ
Ը㣿ŰףǱô£˵ȫǵɱ˶ħŵټ壬ɱŰүȫǵĴַ㣡

˹طϲСӸ˹طŮˣ¾ӳӢۣȫ֮У
ʱˣĪͻеҡ顿ƣ
Ī޽ֽһԣ˹طԸܵʦеһĨթĿ⡣

չصĵԭˬƣȻŷ˺׿˴̽Ϣȴ˸оơ
ŷˣ˵ģ嶼Ѿ˶ԸĴˣŵ壬֮ף
찡ôģǰ컹ǳӢأ
һɻ
˵˭Сϲմǲݵģߺߣ㿴ǳ¶˰ɣ
˵԰ȣΪһֱ֧ĺѩһԵġ
㣡
ĺѩҡҡͷڻڱչУҿǻǲҪϢɣ
ţһӰ
Ҳǵͷ
˶û
ʱڷڵȴҡͷЦȫǹô˹طǹݵģôյҲһʦйذɣ
Īǰ첻ҺҶԾҲǵеľվߣڣЩ嶼ѾɴˣʱҲؽ֣
Ϊ顿Լڡ顿еӰ۾棡
㵹ǲĪ޵ĳֻ֣Щ鷳ˣЩ嵱Уŵ壬ΪʲôӦ齨ĴҲǲԶġ
Ȼ뵱˵ϴ󣬷ĻǶŰ嵱ϴǻ˵ã
ôˣ
ҷģ²ˣ
չ֪Ҫ˵ʲô飬ûǲҪӰɣ
⡭
ɵЩ
ŷ˵ŵɣŵΪ˵ļϴ󣬶Ըʲô˼
ߣ㲻Ҫɣ
׿Ҳ˵
ôᣬôǰ뷨ҽΪϴҪھУҪǹŵɭľˣҾ˵˵İ
ɼˡ
ŷ˺׿ȴǲţǱϾƶˣٶЩǮƵĴЩƫǲô׵İģƫأһ㸸ĸǣ
Ầҵģ
ӷд˳

磡
磡
ҲǼ÷
ҲǴӷгǸո˵ҶˣɣǼöԼľûϵ㲻𣡡
磬ľӶˣǵˣϽ⣬һϣܺúýģ
˵δȻǶŰ巢ģŵȴ֮󣬾ͻΧססĵطң˵Ű峤˵ɱ㣬ǱĲݣ


1601 
Ĳݣ
һ˿ŭ⣺ҵҪĲݣ
˭ܸܵ㻰ﵱеϸУɼ˵磬ôҪ֪ɵĴˣѾס˸ý壬Ǳֽӣ棬ȫĸţ˵ɱ˶ħǲɱ㣬Ĳˣ
еĸ߲Ȼ߶飬ǾûýģһֱĻƱ⵽شˣ
黹ûô򵥣֮ҪöŰг
Ŀ⾼
˶ڵǲ˼ζԸķӣŰ嵱ȻΪƴģѾȫǿߣ׼նɱ㡣
ȻûôģҲ˲ǿߡ
ŵɵĸףŵļŵҲȫ岻ٵǿߣԭȰ׵ģֻ׾Ǹܹڼ׳ŵʱ򣬺ڶи߲ãİԸ㡣
̳ûԶѣҲûԶĵˣΨ档
µ棬ǹ˲úǵ֡ңҲŵֻ֣ŵúн顣
ǻط¼ŵľӹ˽գɼҪ߱ɱ֮ġ
Ȼʵǿնɱһ£˻ǿеģûĪʱ̵֧֣ҲǶȻ¶ġ
˹ط͸Щ峤һ仰ֻҪܹȫǹеʦ顿Ա֣նɱ
û˻ỳ˹طĻϾ顿е˹ϴսܣǲ֪ж㣡
λѾ֪ҶӶŰˣɱ˶ħ㣬˹ŵټ壬ҪҶŰ壿ɱҶӣ´ξնɱףڣսеĸȫ㣡
ҪаҪɱ㣬Ļһɱģпǣ
ɱ㣬ɱ㣡
˶߿ƺ޲ýƤǵ
ڳɺã
ţԸϵʮǿߣܹһ˲ɱ
ŵ˵
һ͹㳡У׼
ȻҪסʱȴв˷֣ڵȻӡסˡ
ô£
ҵôͷųȥˣ
Ľ磬˾Ȼܹͬʱסôλǿߣʵһ򵥣
ŵ԰꣺Ҫͷ˿ֲĽ磬˵һҲĺܿ죬ٲ¶ǾߣҪߵʵʩԭƻ
첻ɱ㣬Ĳݣ
Ű峤غȵ
˵꣬УһȻѹ£㳡˶оǹƵӴʹȫ΢΢Щ΢
ֻһڵԶһɫĳǹǽӰţѷǳƺһ
㣬˾㣬ȻǿƣСģ
ŵȵ
ǲѾ齨˴ҪԸôôˣǾô»أ
ȵ
𵴣ʹڳĲĿ־岻ѣնɱ޵㣿̫ǿˡ
Űˣҹ
ڿк
Ű峤ͻƸסЩŰ˶ǳôһ̣ǶŰˡ
ô죿
˭ҳԼǶŰˣ
еǸΰޱȵеĳǹ۽ɱˡ
ŵ΢΢Щ̾ϢΪŰǷǳȷģû뵽ʱǲ֪ԼǶôС
ʮνǿߣȴΧɱ㣬ȫûܴﵽĿġ
Сӣأ
ŵЩڣջʹ£ûȡӴɵ
ŰˣǲĻұ㽫ȫɱ
ˣ
㳡Ⱥ
ֻɱŰˣˣǲᶯ֡
ô
ҲǶŰˣŵģ
ҲǶŰˣ

һʱ䣬ܶ˶ɢ߿ˡ
㳡룬Ű峤ɫ㣬ΪȻвǶŰ˾ȻҲɢߣҲֻнʮŰˣ
ôô
㵱ȻŰǿߵĶȻ٣ȻЩ˵Ӻ£Ҳʹա
㣬նɱҶףǶŰһ峤齨ˣΪնɱ㣬˵ģҪܸʹ࣡
Ű峤ȵ
㲻ҪɱңҪɱȣĺѩǣ
ֻҪаϵˣҶҪɱȻǿǲ֣Ҳǡ顿гԱĪᶨܽնɱ
ãȻ˵նɱңҾһ
˵
úÿôնɱô
һԶ
˭Īޡ
˹ط˶ǴӿзͿ㲻Զ˹ط˵ʦһڹ㳡Ϻúÿôɱģ
Ī޵ͷ
˹طӰһƮֱ䣬Ű峤Ǽ㣬ڹ㳡ȡ裡
ף
ŵ죬Ҳǻͷ˿ŵŵľӴҴҸ
Ȼľӷųˣ
ףãǲʵ飬ʲô飬һ˲ܺúҪΪ˼潫ŵŪ±ô
ǰף㲻һˣǶԸûκκôģǸĴڣͲҪŰˣ
ŵüûп顿еĳԱĪ޳ôҪնɱ㣬ǻʲô˵
ܣףܸܰĪ޵ģ
ɿ϶ϴҸףܲܲҪѵľأ
ףѾܲˣҪ㣬ھܹܲ˹ŵɭľһػ˵
ŵᣬƬ̣ǳŵصͷǳ˺ȵգĪʤΣŵ˳ˣ
˳
˶ȡ
Ű峤ǲм֪û֣ʱ̣Ȼѡ˳ߣĪ޻ɱ㣬ǶŰΪʵĵһ壬ʱ򣬴˾ͽͽ
ŵǣ
ŵɺȵ
ŵľҲ˵ףȻصˣ

˼ŵȻʱ˳ˣǻǱȽʵֻսǻʧ͸ģ
֮УĪϴЦ⡣
ǣһֱԼʵôô
ҲһЦɢһŵƣʹÿһҪըĸо


1602 ѩ
Աһɽ֮ϣ˹ɫذվһλü
ǹģȻǰλüڡ顿еĵλǷ
˹Ѿ֪ˣĪķʽȷãȻʹ鸴ޱȵģҲգѾܾû뿪ѩɽˣɽһ˰ɣ
λüƽϵȴǼΪˣ·Ͷ֮䶼Ŵݹʵ
ѩǰܳòˣĻĪĻẦǺ;ìܵģ
˹˵

УͶٽҲװϽҲ֪һκ͡顿ԱԳʲôʱˣû뵽ҪԳˣ
ţѾý㣬ո齨Ҫ߱ɱ㹻֤ݣ
ǡ顿ǰٿѱˣ
ϽͷϣһΣܹΪֻع

֮УĪ޼ľҪһ
Ī̬ܲƽȷҪĿ֮»ɱ㣬ܹΪ顿ڳΪµĳӢۡ
Ī˵ȽǮҪҪ
㵹ҪԵƽ٣ʼմŵЦݣƺûнĪ޷С
Īгһ⣬죬·մ̴һ㡣
˽ΪʴҵڻԭһħɽѰãѪ񵶲ѪеĹŻ껹ڳ˯ɣ
ĪЦ˳ǹҲҪһƣ
ûгǹһǹһǹâȻĪޣĪ޺һʴҲǳȥ
һޱȵĽâȥ
ҿ⽣âң
սǹһǿĺ֮Ȼǽâ顯һը죬ǽâȻֱӵסˡ
ô᣿㾹Ȼʵ˹飬ûʹȫ
Īһ˲֮¶־֮⡣
Ҫ֪Ҫɱ㣬ԭԼʵš
Ҫ֪ڡ顿У˹ʵǲĪ޵ģ㵱˹龰Ҳֻʤ˹һ
նɱޣ˶Ϊʵ˶ܿѪ񵶵ĹŻѣܻɱ޵ġ
ǳսѪ񵶵ĹŻҪϢûѪ񵶣ʵҲȻ
ȻǰĪ޵ĸоǿУ
ǵâĪްٷ֮ʮʵ֪ȴ׾ٵƿˣ
ںôֻˣձذɣ
źǹǹ⵱оȻðһɫĻ棬кȵǹƣ
ǹͬһ㣬ֱӳĪ޻ȥ
ǹƣҲԼںԼڵı˫Եˡ
Ī޾ʴʩչֵȴǱǿ֮ԶǵˣеʴϣȻѿһ϶
ʴȻǹǿˣ
㣬Ǻεǿˣ
Ī޾Ȼˣ
ܣ顿еĪôأһۻˣ
㳡еĲ˶š
ŵȴǿŵ˿üʱ˾ĻŵΣˣ
ףԺҪԸľΪ޷ǿ󣡡
ŵҲ˵

ĪޱͣȻڿУȴһŵ
ȻһǹֱӽˣʴĿѣǶôЦ鰡ȴʵʵڳǰ
ûȤ֪Ī޵ĸܣĿڹ㳡ɨǷվڹ㳡ЩŰ˶ɢȥŰ峤Ҫ㳡
ﻹһغ̫ˣ̫ˣҪӣҪ
Ȼûܳʮֱϱһ˪γɣ˶סˡ
˵˶֮ŵ˳ˣǱȺףڶŰ峤ˣǵԼ
Ű廹кˣ
дһ죬ŵø˵
ЩĶŰ˸ǳ±֪ǶŰһ
ƣ˾ĸо
Ȼһ̣ǹӴѹȴһɣǱǿǶȺ˹طһŪƯڿС
ʦңҪҰ
˹طЩˣǵʩչһܶ
Ī޺ȵ㣬˹طôͽܣ㽫һܾˣɱͽܣҡ顿ȻŹģ
˹طԽԽߣƲ֮ϣ۾ЦĪޣߵľ룬ͽֱˤǻһĳأҪ֪ǲʩչκģ
㣡㣬һߣպ˱С˰⵽ɱģ
СˣĪޣҪ˵ɣȫУɵĪɣ
ݡ
һӰԶ֮УǴžװȫ͸ϣΪ֮ˣǰͶٽ
ҲǵȻһЦͶٽϽû뵽Ȼᾪǣ
㣬ǷҫҲҰͶԼ±ĪʹֶΣҲƿ˾Ե֤ݣ
Ͷٽ˵㣬š顿Ҳ
ϽҲǵͷֻ顿֣͵ǻʲôˣ
һůû뵽޺ͰͶٴʱԣҪ֪ζٶǸǳ¶ˣǻվԼͦȻܿɹ
ĪңܾˣͽܵϣңЩеϲָ
϶ĪʩչֶΣôܳʦ
ޣͶ٣ҪʲôҪɱͽѵϹô
Ī޺ȵ
ұ죬Ǹ֯Ҫ֪ϴ˹ܸ㣬ҲûκԹԣǾ֮дһߣȻ˼Ҫʲô
Ͷٺȵ
ʦ̫ˣҪˤȥģ
˹طڿŵҪˣոһֻӥͷƤӹҪɱˡ
ݣ
һӰϿС
ЩӰУһλüߣȴĿ⡣
üڵĺϢǿԶ㣬˹ϴǵǼλ顿ԱǷĪ޵ԡ
Ī˵ѩǰôͻȻɽˣЩ֮ˣҪԸңΪֹ

üŭ⣺ҿûй˱˰ɣ
лһѩֱ֮ӽǿе˹طסûκֵ֧£ӿˤ
䣡
㳡˶˹طĲ״
û뵽ұѩôû´ѩɽɱĵһˣȻҡ顿еĹϵЩ̣
ü˵Īޣ֪


1603 ħж
ѩ˳ֻɱ˹طһ̣ĪޱЩˡ
ԭΪѩǹģȴû뵽ѩ˾ȻһС
Ҫ֪ѩڡ顿еλĸߣĪ޵ļ𣬸޷
Ҳҷ
ѩǰһʱ㯣ͽһֱɱ㣬Ϊ顿Ҳûаѳס¿
Ī˵
˹˶ЩмһĪ޵ĻΪ֪Īڡ顿УһôϲδĿĲֶ֮ˣԸĲԺԾԼģھȻҪƵһϡ
ѩûٿĪޣתϽޣʮǰɱħʱҲһ棬û뵽ѾһϽˣǲ
ǰ
Ͻ
顿Ȼ޾ԭ˴֮Ҳǻྺ״̬ǱѩУʢ
ҲǶ𾴵ĺܡ
ţĪ޺飬ǡ塿λȥ֮һĪڸýǸΪȫʾ£Ȼ󡭡
ѩ̾Ī޻ᱻ顿Ӵ˲ǡ顿һԱ
һ˵ϽͰͶٽЩˣȻѩ˵ѾǸˣϾ顿һԼϺҫ
ĪϳŲţѩǰĪ޵ĴǧҪ顿ҴСڡ顿ô˳顿أ
Ҫ˵ˣҡ顿ûն֮ˣ
ѩ˺ȵ
Ī罫֮һǷϡ
ѩϵƼǿȫǱסһ㣬ûܹ׵ֵסơ
Ȼ֮⣬ȻܹܳѩڵıѩϢʮǿȴȻҲǲʾ
ѩ˵ĿתƵϣͻȻ¶Ц㣬ܲѾǿΪҡ顿λǿߣδĲƸ
ѩǰʶ飬ָ֮δǰ
ͶٽҲ˵
ѩ꣬ЦͶ٣㻹Ǻǰһû䣬ʮǰ̹ʨȭһЩطɣû뵽ȴҲΪָ֮ˣ˼
㣬ˣǡ顿ǶԸħмԸĻȻǲԼʱųɾ㣬ҲΪ飬ЩĲ
ͶٽͱϽԴĿ㣬ȻʵĺûᣬҪ֪Ǳܹõѩ˵ָ㣬ضٳ߸ͷһ
Ͷ֣л⣬ֻʽر𣬶±ָ㣬Խ˰ɣ
˵
Ͷٽû뵽㾹Ȼܾѩ˵ָ㣬Ҳоȡ
㣬ѩǰǲָ˵ģδ˻ᣬԺлñѩǰָˣ
˹ѵ
Ǻǣ˸־һ;Ӧòڵģ
ҡͷЦ
۷徳ʵѩǰҲ㲻ʲôܣûҪȥѩѧϰȻԷĺ⣬Ȼˡ
һ˸־㣬Ҳǿ㣬ԺıĻӭʱң
ѩ˵꣬Ǵš顿ĳԱȫ뿪ˡ
֮ϣУŵĳԱѣǵǷᱨǣǶ֪ȻżǿߣǰͲֵһᡣ
Ҫɱǣһ㡣
磬ȥ
ʵ
Ȼȥˣ߾ͽˣ
˵
߳㳡ϽͰͶٽҲǸȥͶٽȻһЦ㣬˵СӽݲؽϼһȥĶɣ
Ȼ⣬λͦ㣬Ҳ֮꣡
Ц
磬
ϿѾ㣬ֱ
ܿ촫뷿䣬ű򿪣Ҳ˵Ҿ֪һܿģ
ͷλǷıϽͰͶٽ
Щ˺Ƕһ
˼Щǰڷ̫ˣԻẦ¾٣
˵
ϽҡҡͷûãЩӣǶδϣ
Ͻ֪еƶ֮ƶޱȣЩӣҲֻǱɽһǣֻ˺ˣ
Ͷٽ˵
λһҪ취ı䷲ľ״Ӷ޹ģ
˵
СģǼȻˣͲⲻܣ뿪һ¾ȥ˶ǮЩǮõ
ţһûапܽһ⣡
޵ͷ
һҲǽʱ䡾顿ҪϽħж˵һ£Ҳǵͷ¶¡
ʱҲ޵ĺܣûж㾡æ˽¾ͻص
ŵҲǴŵľݷ㣬˶ȻǸмرǴɣǸж磬֪㶼ΪңĻͻԸŵ壬Ҳ֪˵ʲôã˸мǸм
ŵľҲվһԣǰˣޱȵĸǰ˸׳ƳҲ㣬Ȼ¸߰ͷ˵ȷޱȣֻߵŮ˶覣ҲŵľӰЩԱ
ûкʹ̫£Ҫ룬һС°ˣʵϣҲûκν⣬Ͼŵ˵˲Ǵɣĸס
ͬʱǵһűУȴѹֵĺܡ
ѩڻ룬ɢ޾ϣ˹˶ڱϣĪǹڵذ֮ϣϴĪĿ־Լί
ѩǰĪ޺ôСڡ顿г󣬲ξ˰ɣˡһΣԺҲٷˣ
ΪĪ顣
ǰѩǰ´һˣôڡ顿ûйҲпͰֻǱ˹طðˣҶȻûʲô˼ģ
ߣĪޣ㵱顿ʱҵһ㣬顿˭ʹңԼµУҪԼȥܣһӦеΣպоǡ顿ĴȻΪ򿪣Ȼڣ롾顿
ѩ˵
Ī޻˵ʲôǿűѩһ࣬ȴǵͷȻ뿪ѩ˿ȭͷգҲǰҡͷ⺢ӻԸպǵ㣬ɾûĹˡ
ҴӴѩɽֻĿģһѾˣǴĪǡ顿飬ڶǣʱĽħᣬһѵһ֧񲿶ӣʱǻڻԭ⣬Źʣ
ɱѩָ㣿̫ˣƱʵ
˹Ҳһа㣬˹һĶ֣ڣлᳬԽˡ


1604 ͡ĸ
вûʲôǣˣΪܲں⣬ĪҲԼ˸ýԼıֻ࣬ӵǣĪ޾Ȼ鶼ж˹طϣȥȻܴʵȴḡĺܣûо赭дĽƵϣǵǸˡ
ȻȻҲǶĪ޲мһˣǸ񣬺ûֱӹϵ
ڼУЩ˺Ϊ֣٣У㿴κʡ
ϵʱͰͬҲĺܡ
ʱ䣬תۼš
»ص㷢֣ʿ̬Ѿ˽Ȼ仯гηЩݡ
Ǿоٽϵľٲеء
Ҫ֪ڴ˿̣Ҳһ±ѡ
һ±ܻǿҵ֮⣬ôԺǵʲô֮ǻ˵ã
ξڲٳϿĵһӦҲ𾪣˹Ī޵ĳǿ±ǱţھУҪ֪ξһֱ֧һģĻ治֪ء
㣡
ţξ
ͷ
ʵѾҪٳˣȫķʽͷ
ߵѹϴҿĴʮ򹫽ѹҪʮ
˵
ʮô
ξ˵ãƼԺӦҲṩ
ûãξʮѹ
ȫϣûиоκѹ
һ·ܣٳϵʿǶǷ׷ײĿȣξȵʲôúöǣûУǵİܹסһ򹫽ɲһһϦģ
ǣ
Ҳĸƴˡ
гһţҲʹǸɾʮ㣬ξȻοĺܣϽͰͶٽǻʶ飬Ȼþӵţ°
ļʱһһʹþеĲξϾεľٶǵеˡ
һʱ֮䣬ٳϵѵԽԽá
ϾʱҲһЩʿһЩѡ
Ͻ㾹ȻܹǾٺʿ״һƬ󣡡
Ͷٽ˵
ϽͷǶӦصˣǾίˣ
ڡ顿ʵĸ죬СӵǸҲ˵һֻˣ
Ͷٽ˵
ʱҲǿյгһĨѪɫһӰӿӹȻˤڲٳ֮ϡ
ǲ³˹
Ͷٽ˵
³˹ٽôˣôˣ
һ˴ӿнˤڲٳ֮ϣû֪ʲô飬˶һʱϵΧ
ƿʿһڵϵĲ³˹ɫ԰ףǿյģŴѪ˭֪³˹ұۣܶʿ̿ȥ
³˹ٽھУҲʢϴΰܸ㣬ЩеǿߵλҲɶҡ
ȻڡȴǱ
ֻʧѪˣǲľ
˵ʩչ׭³˹ұ۶Ѵ˿ϣע˲ڣʹ»ָ
ȿȣ
³˹ӽԵѹܸܵһڴʸУһԵ㣬Ҳ֪Լ
ֻ͡ˣ
͡
˶
ξ˵³˹ٽ͡ǱͶٽɱôôܻأڿ»ڿƼԺɣ
ˣĻˣ
³˹۾ĵɴ˻ӣЩʹֱࣺۣǱɵģܵļʱ¾ϣ
ѵǡ͡Ļˣ
³˹ȷǡ͡նɱˣھڿƼԺУ
ͶٽҲ˸ǰͬеȻҪϽ
һǡ͡Ҳϴģ
Ӧûпǡ͡
˵
㣬ҽǡ͡նɱģô˵ֻ
͡ȻǿƼԺԸħĿֲеǻۣҲǳԽģǡ͡ȻлɫҺڿƼԺȵߺڸ
˵
˷׷˼С
ȷ͡ǻױȵģͺʵһܹﵽ
ʱǲҺڿƼԺ⣬ûںڡ͡ϵĻʶ޷
ҲǵʱЩֲȻĹϵʱѯǰͶٽ͡ǷıնɱˣͶٽĻشȴĵ
ڿͶٽǴˣ͡ȷˡ
ǡ͡ĻһҪʬΣ
Ͷٽغȵ
ߣȥƼԺ
ҲǺȵ
͡ǸҲȻȥƼԺģ
ξҲ˵
˸ϵƼԺ⣬ȴǲδ֡͡˿˵ϴΡ͡ƼԺͶնɱʱҲ֮Ѿã֪ǿľ硣
ǿ
³˹˵٣ûκη֮ھɽģûƼԺӦþںɽ֮У
³˹ԭϲһ˶ЩΪܣĸڿˣʵҲȲС
Ȼ͡ĳ֣һжıˡ
ұ۱ɣûмʱұжĻԼҪ
кɽ
УɽһƬΪĵط˵òˣ³˹ٽһֱںɽģ
ξ˵ңɽУвС͵ҰޣЩҰ޲ͣºͣ
ˣ͡ȻЩҰޣűǿģ
˵
ϾЩвûһʧ٣Ҳ˵ûв³˹飬͡ĳֻ޴֪
⡮͡ǴҪȵ㹻ǿʱٻǿƼԺˡ
ǶڿƼԺغɣȥɽ
˵
ȥɣ
Ͷٽ˵
ϾĴΣΪϴնɱ͡ʱĵȴû뵽ȻĲ³˹ʧȥһֱۡ
˶ڿƼԺԣͰͶӰһȻɽ
ɽҲȷͲ³˹˵һ׵ĺܣ㽫ʶɽܹɽЩҰ޵ľֲ
ЩҰѾϳȺˣǡ͡ĳ֣׾סǣǰ˳ڣ²˳ˣ
˵
ͶҲǵͷԭɽвҰεģû뵽Ҳȫʧˣ֪ǲǱ͡ɵˣ
ҵˣ
㣬ҵʲô
͡λã
˵ɽϣ
ģ
ͶһȣҪ֪ɽʶ޷̽ɽÿһ䣬ܹ̽Ҳҵ͡Ĵڣ㣬ȴܹһ㣬Сϻ޷ʶ


1605 ̫
Ͷٲ֪ǣʵ޾ԭȻۿۣһ缫ߣʶȻΪһεġ
ȻʶǿǾھԼΪģǿһΣҲ̫߳ࡣ
Ѿᵽһ˿Ѫζɽˣڽһ˵ɱɡ
һֻֻҰ޷ĽлͶٶһ
˷ϣʱǡ͡ȻܹܳͰͶٵĴڣȻûǰҰޣȥ
ɻɫҺ壬ɢߡ
ɽϻŲɽӵоǿ־壬ѻ飬ͰͶҲȻײȥƺҪƴơ
Ͷһƽ˵㣬͡ˣ
ҲֻںɽҰޣʵûǿĳ̶ֳȣĻȻȥƼԺˣ
Ͷټ˵ܷ͡ɢɫҺ壬ֻҪһ΢ĻɫҺû㲻Ҫҵڵ죡
ɽȻ󣬽ɽݻأ
ݻٺɽ
ͶһȷЩɫҺȫʧô
ӦܰɣҵǶԡܺ͡棬ںҵʵܸһ
ɵ͡
Ͷپȣ㣬⡮͡ǿƼԺҲںϵģ
ֻ˵˵ˣҪں⡮͡ҲǼ򵥵飡
Ц
Ͷٵͷֻа˵ģݻɽǡ͡ʧ֮ˣǣεնǡ͡صĴںɽ֮У
նɣ
˵
㵱նѵҪҽɽݻٵ
ʱһὫȫǡ͡ȻҪңֻҪȫɽ֮Уٴݻٺɽҷˣ
ô죿ǡͬ͡ھ
ͶҡͷǿݻٺɽȻ㶼Ҫۣܵʱ򣬾ǲҲҪˡ
˲ң
㵭˵߿ˣֻһ͵İͶ٣ĵСӣԽԽˣϲ
ҹĻ٣ɽһ͹¼ţУ׭Ѿǡ͡ǳ
͡ǿƼǻۺܸߣǲط׭һӶӽۣ⣬һܹǿһʵǱ۽ںˣ֪᲻ԣ
Ȼ뽫⡮͡ɵȻҲ߰Ͷ٣ֻҪܵ⡮͡ɽ˴ʮӺͽɽݻ١
ʮӡ
ܹںϡֻ͡ʮӡ
вɽ¹ڱǰУûη㣬Դת˿ȴüëһ壺ô
Щɽ¹ƺҲǸܵΣȻĴɢ
һѾɽ¹ʹȻǱ͡ɵˡ
ǰкǹһϢ͡Ǹ͸ѾǰǺȻ˷׭㣬ûá͡η塣
ԭ⡮͡ʶģ룬ܲĿֲȴҲҪ㣬ϾֻҪɵ㣬ٵֵֻҰޡ
ɱۣΰɣ
ǡ͡ſѪڣһǹǹҲȻ̳һϢǡ͡塣
Ȼǡ͡ЩϢϣȴûκηӦ
Ҳǽֵסǹֵͻأĳһףޱǿᴩһ㣬ֱӳǡ͡Ѫڻȥ
䣡
͡Ѫڱ׵ĸϽպͬʱӰһ˫ץסǰ͸һ׭Ȼͷų
ȻҪס⡮͡

͡ҵ
û뵽ֻǹ׭ģĿģҲȻɣ
֪̫ˣΪһְɣĻֻ
ȵ
ɺһӴƣǡ͡һѡ˳
ûֱӱڡ
ͬʱɽ֮бһǿҵըȻǰͶٳˣҪպԼٵɽ
һЦΣѾɵ⡮͡ʱٸ߰Ͷ٣⡮͡ɱģˡ
⹦ͣȻ˵޹ؽҪ
䣡
ɽըͶվɽŲԶҲ飺Ҳ֪Ƿǿʲôʧһǹⲻȥ
Ͼ³˹ѾɥʧұۣҲΪܵˣġ
һӰǱըĵط˳Ͷ۾һ㣡
㣬Ҳˡ
ţһӰҲǴ˷ǶǾеĳ٣ɽѾըҽûУʵͶٽɽݻٵģ

Ͷٵͷ
͡Ѿˣ
˵ǰͶٽɽݻٲʹǡ͡ɱģ
͡ˣ
ͶٶЩˡ
ţǧȷ
϶˵
̫ˣͶٽǾػû뵽һϣǽǡ͡նɱˣǾеʿɶˣ
ֻǿϧ˲³˹ٽʧһ첲
û£ԺװϷ֫жһ㣬֮ûǰе£
³˹ٽҲȺ˵УϾҲܺߣȻɽʮС
˿̣ǸҲǾԷǰӣԵʡ
ȻĿ꣬ȻǳԽ㣬Զ仯ġ
ͶٽΧ˵У˵ܹնɱ͡Ҫ㣬Լںɽ˵նʹֱӽɽݻ٣ֲηղηƷʣӦֵȫʿѧϰԼ
һϽļ򣺡㣬ĸԣҲǲйľģǰɣ
û뵽ϽôʣҲǵͷ縡ƣľԭͼãûйϵ
ȫʿҪҲ뵱ʿҲĲǺʿ㣬Ĺ屦Ƿˣܹӵ㣡
Ͻް˵
㵹Щ˼ˡ
ٹһ£͡顿ԱϽħʱˣϣܺú׼׼ΪⳡӲ̾Ŭ
ţ
ͷϽҲΪοҪ֪Ųû˵Ϊǡ顿һϸߵ֮ĻΪѾӦֻʿˣߣ˳ԭⲿնɱħ˵Ľҫ
Ϣ뿪ֵĺɽԶ·˵Ŀ޹ء
Ͷע⵽һӰ뿪Χ˵ıӰҡͷǺŵС˵һǳǰˣǰ˶Ҫɳ̲ˣ³˹ҵǰ֮㣬ʵ̫ˣ


1606 ¹֮
㽫͡ںϵܹԸܳʵǿ˼֣Ȼ͡ʱʵҲ̫ǿҲͱȲ³˹ǿ٣Ͼһֱںɽ֮Ұޣɾеʿ¾Ͳʵˡ
⡮͡Ϊ˺صޣʿںɽ֮Ұޣʵ̫ǿñۼ˸ˣ
ڹԢУϥϣڸš顯ĺô
һº󣬻ԭ֮⣬ħʱЩħӦܹʹñ۵ʵһ¥
뵽
ûں͡顿֮ϾֽħжУܻᰵﻥȽϣȻģǰǡ顿ԱڽħждŹʣеǿǹâĶࡣ
ͻָڽħждŹʣȻȻûеƣʵϣΪȡҫҲǻᾡȥģֻǣὫλ
Ŀʼһǿʵյִ۷Ϊ
ħжʣʱ򣬴ȥһˣҸմӳȥǶ˿ĺѩ޵ĺģǳʲô룡
ĺѩˣ
УĺѩһֱһޱȼǿŮӣǵʱҲסûޣɾȻˡ
Ȼгˡ
ûڹԢֱӷس
Ȼֻ±ڷȴǲκƣܹ룬·ϵʿٿĿⶼǼ𾴵ģȻھУλĸߡ
ոߵ⣬ŷ˺׿˱˵磬ˣĺѩ㣬ûԷˣҲȥȰ
ûԷô
˽ȥǾϲָָĺѩӣܹһֱȰţѩְܸжûа취İһ̻ˣҽи㣬˵Ǹˣܱһӣ
ѾǸҳŵܹ֮ĸףһֱչģͲҪˣ㶼Ѿ˼켸ҹˣ
ԽȰ΢ĿԽ
ĺѩûзһԣֻǽͷ˫֮䣬˫ֲڳ֮Уʧ䡣
ƿţоȣ뿪˵ദʱ̣ҲֻܹȰˡ
ĺѩǸܵŶ룬һֻϸظʱ֪㣬˵ʵ⼸һֱ䵽ףһֱϣܹӰԽǵͳʱĺѩҲԽ㡣
磡
ĺѩ̧ͷۿˮžտ޵滨ȻޣݿҸˣ
ָշĺѩǿ˳֮һ
֪ˣ㲻Ҫˣٿ޾ͲƯˣ
Ľĺѩۿϵˮõ˵ǰڳֵϿģʱѾһϢˣ
Ұһ飬ȫ⵽̶ͬȵ˺Ǿ綾ѾĸٻǻҲ޷Ȼ
ңǰȥһҩǴʳΪˬģȴû뵽ҩ̫󣬶̫ǿ
˵ˣҪһֱãǸϵľ¹񣬶ǣȴͷ˺򣡡
˵Բ˵̰˵ûãĸ׶ûкúñңһ˵һ𴩹ǺֻΪҪЮ㡭
ĺѩԽ˵ԽǸСŮһ㣬
̲סڻУ磬Ϊʲôһ㶼޲һ㶼ûУҲֻҪܺ
Ϊ㸸ף˶ѣ
ĺѩ㻳У·⼸ۻıڻ˲٣̧ͷһ㣬ӻóҲע⵽ĺѩóʲôǲо
һ
ôо
ǵõ¹ֻһǷӡס˵Ĳоǰȴ
Ǵ½еλа飬ͷŹϵ֮磬ֱǾ¹
ͶҸףȻҸȴǽɱĲо
Ҳҵһοǰײкݶȫеһ̣ǲҸף
ĺѩ˵
ԭа飬Ȼ㸸ɱǻԵɺϣ
ͷĺѩ˵ҲǴˡ
һֱҪҵҪ֪粻Ǿͷ޾ԭ˵ǿ֮ʱ˵û˳ưԵˣ
֮˳ͻʳҩ˵ⶼǱӦ
һ̣оҽ㣡
ң
Ȼ֪¹ĺѩ˵ʲô֮ǰ˵ĻѲ³Ӧǽĺѩи㡣
¹չô
ŮչˣһıˣҪչ˵Ůʵ̫ˣĺѩȻϲ붼ǳ֮ͣӦûаģҪչĺѩһӣȻ˵ƽ
磬ѾչˣҪξңҶ֪ܻܲڣյĻˣ棡
ĺѩ˵оǸίҽģΣ㲻Ҫƴǣ
㲢ûƴǣ˵ʵоΪá
Ѿ帱оˣټϻео
оܴ֮ţǾǿߵĿˡ
һֱû飬£ȻǷӡĲоȴҲ֮ء
ţˣ
˵
ʱ㽫˴ĺѩУһһڵιԣȴǱĺѩ˵磬㵱һǺôѾûˣģлл㣬ÿѵʱ㶼ԣ
㵱Ȼֻ֪ĺѩǰĹǿϨƵʱȻڴϰź;¹顣
û״ɥ֮ʹ߳ģʹǿˣҲܡ
Ȼ㲢ĺѩϾֻǸŮӣӦԼһ棬ʹǰֳ
ĺѩһֱǿģ磬⼸һֱԣ
˵
ûĺѩоϾĺѩͰȲͬȺѾӴҲǴŮϵŮѣĺѩͬʼնһһ㴿࣬ںĹϵУһֱ飬˭ҲûԽһ
ȿĺѩгҲʵĺѩԷô
ʶܸܵĺѩеһеģձţȴѾܵĺѩϣ۽ϡˮ㻹ԵĻһݺݵĽסҪġ
ȻƬ֮ȴܸоĺѩ۽ǲøɾ¶꣬⼸ĵһڷˣԴЦݡ
ţûˣ
ȿϴŵЦ⣬д⡣


1607 ռ籩
쵱УһֱڼУҲѵݣĺѩ˾¹ĺ£ƴź͹࣬޷ǾǸǹ֮ĵطǮȻǰƽһУȻھ¹ûʲôˣʽǲ
ǽи԰¹ĹǻҾһĹ棬ĺѩҲǴŻȦĹס
ףڴˣ粻ͬǵĸǻҶҲˣֻԺܳ㣡
ĺѩ˵ԭˣϾҸףʲôʸأԸŵԣһ統кĸһҪúչٲίˣ
ȦĹ֮ϣ㿴ĺѩܹ̹ȻһеʱҲЩοұ۷Ĺ˵¹˵һ飬һŮ
磬Ѿûˣ֪Ǿ϶µģ㻹Ȼȥɣ
뿪԰ĺѩһ֣أȻǲ뵢ʱˡ
ЦĺѩϾѾͷЩҲǿ޵˲٣˿̣ҲѾоڳ˵ķȻΪ˽ħжҲ˵͡顿Աȥԭⲿħӣ˵ûҵȷҪȥˣָܿҪģ
û˵Ưʵϣ⼸컹뾡һа취ĺѩϾʼռǵڻǺУĺѩͷһѡ
ħޱǿ磬ҪСģ
ţ
ͷ
ʱŵѾվڲԶ㽫ĺѩͻؼң˴кǺʹһ𷵻˾
ٳ֮ϣУѵ
ϽͰͶٽվڲٳϷǶ˿ʹ߹Ҳһɫ㣬㵹Ǹϵļʱһ㣬ǶҪһˣ
Ҳ˵ôʿһǰȥô
ǷУֻѡʮǰȥ
Ͷٽ˵ӣʹɶڶ鵱У
󣬰ͶٽҪԭⲿʿȫһ飬ξͲ³˹ٽҲȻС
ʮһֻܹԭⲿ
ҲǸͶٽǰܲǴ󼯺ϵĵط
ܲǶߵһСУûоȫǾʿ
Ͷٽʮ˶鵱УϽУ֧飬ҲֻаͶٽһ˵㣬ܲĿΧʿͶԳ羴Ŀ⣬ܽĴȻ
Ͷ٣ǷĶģôûԭⲿΪܹŹʣضô
һλϽȵ
޶ϽĶ鶼ʹôǷĶΪ˲ɻңڴԵȺãŵܲʱ䣬УǷڻԭŹʣĿģֻΪ˽ħ
Ͷٽȵ
޶ϽǺһӣ
Ͻа룺޶ϽܲĽȻǿ߷һţâ䣬˷ͷΪָӣͶٽĶ飬Ժпӳˡ
ֻܲһԭⲿʱǷֳȥÿһʮˣ
޶Ͻ˵
ǣ
ĸ˶ͷ
޶Ͻǰ棬ҲǿԶһɫâĵشɼʮˡ
˱ֳͶٽһӱһ
ǰļԱȦ漴ʧŵҲ˵磬ΪʲôܾǸ޶ϽЩǷһֱǣҪԵһ

˵
һѾԱԭ֮⣬һܿգ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ̫Զܻܿᱻľʱ򣬴͵;ܻ
ô
ڣһģֻҪְ⣬Ǿûϵԭⲿˣ
һϽ͵
ѹ޶ϽὫǰһ֪ôһ£
ŵ˵
ǰǵҲйǼʮ˺ȫ˴͵طȥˣһǳǽⲿЩֱӱħɣ
̫ˣ
ҿɲʱջҵ鵱У

԰꣬Ͻ˵ֻǼСʳֵ飬һ£ǲ˵ģǲҪģ
Ͷٽˣһȣ߽
ҲЧ£һһ߽ȥ
ʮ̤ɫȦУһ˶ʧԭء
ܲԭⲿԶԽԶĵҲԽ󣬶ڶ࣬봫͵Ĵֵ֧롣
Ȼˣ׳ġ
һΣɳʿǰԭⲿһʿǳٳδ͵ԭⲿ֪Ǵؼʱ㣬Щ˶ڿռĻ֮Уȫˣмùպô͵ǽħɵˡ
ҲһνħжУûпʼսȫޣһʱ֮䣬ǳΪ顿ԱЦ
ڣ
͵Ĺ̵Уռ˺
ͻᷢĪţ
ġ
ԽҲüͷһ壬Ͷٱ˵ⲻĴ󷢳Ӧ
ôӦ㣡˵Ѿ˷ô
һ˶ֽţ
Ͷٽȵ
ô죿Ҫ֪Ӧ㣬һǿҵĿռǳɢģ
û뵽δԭⲿ˸ôֵ飬˼
³˹Ҳ˵
㿴һұۣѾװ˷֫ڵĿƼѾﵽּ֫֫Ѿûʲôˣ˷ܣûκκµ˼
ռ籩ƣ
Ͷٽ˵
ͶٽѵǾעϲԭⲿô
ϲռ籩̫ǿˣǵԿģȻҲὫǻɱֻˣȻ彫Ǵ͵ֻรˣ
֮飬һ࣬ҰͶ֪λв飬ҶҪ֮Է
ˣǳʦδûЩħҪظˣ

˶ľս
ŵɱҲ뱧Թģȴǵվԭأ赭дģĺһֵ۵ĸо
ѵ粻ηǿռ籩Ҫ֪ǷϣɶѹϵģûϵԭⲿǷ˵ʧİɣ
㣬Ϊʲôûа㵣ǣѵѾԲô
ͶɻȻҲռ籩°ɣҪ֪޷ֵס
ֻС͵Ŀռ籩ˣĿǰܹǿֵסİɣ
㵭˵УƺһֳȻš


1608 Ϭţ
˵ʲôֵܹסռ籩Ȼ˵С͵ģ
찡˵ġ͡Ŀռ籩ʲôӵġ
ǵȷţϾû㴩Խľ
ִ磬ǿƿ磬ǰӴĿռ籩ˣοͻȻѶγɵĿռ籩
Уֵһᡣ
Ȼڵʵ۷壬ҲֵֻܹסⲨռ籩ˣܲȫʮˣûȫա
ڣ
ռ˺ԽԽ죬ȻǹҪը
䣡

޾ԭⲿһʮ˶źö飬޶ϽΪָӹվǰĿһôûе
޶Ͻǲʵ⣡
ôţεҪˣ
޶Ͻһ˿âĿ⿴ԶһӰҲǴǱ˸Щ˵Ȼǵľ֮ˣǡ顿Ա
޶ϽԾǣΪ׵һ˾ȻǱѩˣƾˣӿ£һ㡣
顿Աû˶࣬Ǵֻʮҡ
ѩǰû뵽ξȻӣЩħеˣ
޶Ͻ˵
ѩȻ޶ıҪߣɨһȦˣԴź޶ǽħжڶǱǿߣңû򲻵ѣǶȻֵģˣ˲жôӣ˲ˣ
ǰͲأô̿Ϊ˻İ
ܹõóֵǿߣҲֻһˣôܻ᲻ְ
˹Ҳһɻ󣺡ѵʲô鷳ɣ
ѩǰ֪ܲԭⲿԶޣ»ʮʿѾ˿ռ籩
ʱӦˣ
޶˵
Ȼ
ѩһ˿ŭ⣺ûȫ׼ΪЩʿ봫ⲻǵЦô
޶ϼ˶ȻǾЩˡ
˿ռ籩Ƕˣȿʼɣ
ѩ˵
ġ顿ԱźѩЩѵǣҪǡ顿Ա٣ԭⲿʣΪ顿ҫͬʱҲѹ㡣
ȻֱƴȻġ
ԭⲿһƬɳЩɳӵžҵĶԣһʼ޶ͱѩ˱øԵĶԱֵɳ
ħжʵҲħѵʵΪǿԵʣħ޷ģԣҲͳΪǿߵѵʹΣء
ˣ
յУһ
ѩ̧ͷĿһۿȥƺѾ֪˷ǹľʲôûгϾ˵򲻵ѵĵزǲֵġ
鵱Уһ˺ȵյһֻħ֣Сģ
ȷǻħ϶㲻аǱ±Ȼ
޶Ͻ޵
λС϶֮޶һǰԴܲģǿˡ϶ӴǱȻһ϶Ҳû޶Ͻʧ
Ķ鵱Уǡ϶Ķ֣ʹЩпҪ϶ն¡
ԣ޶ϽҲһֱá϶δϣڣ⼸Դš϶ڻԭⲿ
Ȼ˭֪޶Ͻǰعʱȴ˵洫ţЩţҪ֪һֱš϶Ǳ±ô㡣
ңͰͶٽϵҲһֱͣԣָӣҲҪǰͶٵĻ˵Ͷٵ˻Ͽռ籩Ҳһɵġ
ԭⲿֻС϶һˣܹʣ
޶š
ħȫǻ۾ịܹ̄ߣЩϣԻḯÿ
϶˵Ȼǵһֻǰֵħͷɣ
Ӷ鵱һɳ죬һΪаĳƲ֮Ƭ̱Ƿ䡣
˶ܿһֻħʬ塣
һֻֻʣ¹ͷӵĴ
ûκëϵҲ֪Ϊʲôʧ˶Ƿ׷
а˼
ѩ˵ͷ
϶Ҳ˵еġаܹħаȫħϵаȫë֮ϣаҲǽ̵ֻʣ¹Ǽˣ
˹ҲûԤϵ϶ȻΪεͷȱ㣬֮Уȱǿ߰

飡
ԭⲿһˣʮӰڵ֮ϡ
ȫͳװһӵ֮϶Ƿɿվǵʱڴռ籩ʿ١
ɣξ³˹ٽ˶ȻУֻǵõʱһӴҪǾеʱˡ
ţǱʶЩģֱ׹
أΪʲôﰡ
ŵ˵
ЩҲȻ䡣
ͶٽҲڣܶ˶أ
岢ûκ˺ۣ㵲סǵռ籩
³˹˵
ʮ˶Բͬģһʱ֮Ҳ֪ô졣
ʮʱΪһӣѡһӳǾ뿪Ƭط

ţǻԭⲿǲħ൱Σյģ
ϣǾӣӳٺò
鲼³˹ٽǷǿߣ֪
³˹ҲǵͷǰͶٽĻȻʲôӳһְȻǰϣģİ뱻ϣ쵼
һʱ֮䣬Щ˶Ϊ˭ӦóΪӳš
ȻǵĲԶһֻӴϬţڻϵɫģȻոѾȹѪˡ
䣡
Ϭţٶȷɿ죬Щ˳ȥ
ã
³˹һӦһУҲʹ˶׷óͼֵϬţ
һֻϬţޱȣỴִ̈Сģ
³˹ڻԭⲿҲΣһЩħΪϤ
⺳ϬţˣǰǶҪʮǿߣΧ
Ȼ֮ܳΪǿߵˣֻˣ⺳ϬţĶ֡
˭նɱ⺳Ϭţ˭ǵĶӳ
ϣȵ
ߣΪô
³˹мһˣϣǽĽܹ֮ӣҲΪǾеһЩǿڻԭⲿѾˣϣǵ͵̸ֽͣϬţҲֻһЩǰĽ²ġ
ϣսǹȻ̳ȫǹ֮ϣͼϬţ
ȻǺϬţȴȻһײ䡯һֱӽϣײɡ
ײϣ㣬ϬţҲǷ¶չֳ޾İһȻҪϣΪء
ϣĿֻţ٣ȴû뵽˿һǿտɫǹӲԶϮͷƤӹֱӻǺϬţ


1609 ڧ
ǹâˣЯһǿıֱ֮ӽǺϬţɳȥӰת˲ӹֻһɫӰֳɫǹȻǺϬţ۾һ̣ˡϬţһɾҵȻǱҪ
磡
ʱŵɷź˳Ϊ㱻ǹɿռ籩ϯߣȥطȴû뵽㾹Ȼٴγ֡
³˹Ҳǰ㣬һǹܽϬţˣʵ治ҵȲŬִܵģν츳ɣ
³˹ȻҲķڷ
ǺϬţ۱Ϲʹԭشת޴ţȻ㣬ǿ֮֮ͻأķĸȫһ˴̶ȥ
С
һǹһһȻȥЩܹĸȫɻҽǺϬţ״ȻŵþҪߣȻתȥȻ˿̣֮Уһɫ
䣡
Ϭţ屻ڤĻֱӸճ˻ҽ
һֻħǰ
֮УȻҲеһνԭⲿ±ӵУ𺳡
㣬ôҲ
ҵȻռ籩ʱ򣬾ҽǴ
ʱ˵
ǰͶٽأôڣ
ұϾޣȫˣұȻȥͶٽӦȥˣ
ԭˣ㲻Ļ⺳Ϭţ¾Ҫȫûˣ
³˹˵
Ǹոձ˵ϣҲؿ˵㣬㵱Ķӳɣֻʵǳ
ԭͲ³˹ʮ˶Ķӳĳ֣ȻôͷķڷϾġ
ûƴǣϾֻǵӳˣ˵ҸոѾ۲ܣӦûֻǻԭⲿıԵضΣΧħǺǿ
ֻǱԵضξͺˣҪĵضεĻǿɾΣˣ
˵
ţӦ򣡡
ָ˵

Աѩ˺޶ϽΪĽħ鷳ˡ
նɱֻ͵ȼħ֮һֻ޾ԭ˵ǳ֮Ϊɳڵħ
Ϭţһֻɳħ
ĵǺϬţһֻͨ׻ʮɿ⣬һɫİë˫ɫԴϵǸرͻƺ⸽ߡ
ߣȻư磬٣ħǰͣµʱЩ˾Ͳ㱻ˡ
𡭡
ͨ׻һΧ̱ɱѩһƬ˶ϿУȻЩʵǿ֮˱Ȼڵء
޶ϽɫЩÿΪϱˣȫǾʿ顿Աδˣ֮в˵˱Ȳϡ顿ĳԱô
϶
޶ȵ
϶޶ӵͽܣҲΪţȻõ϶ͨ׻նɱ
ǣ
϶ͷһ㣬ֱӳͨ׻ȥ
Ȼ˿̣ȴ˸˹ȼλ顿Աĳ֣һʩչͨ׻ס
ߣ£
϶ݰתгȻͨ׻Ķͷ
ͨ׻ĺ׻
ͨ׻ˣȻһǿֱӽΧΧȫɳȥ
ǵ϶Ҳʮ
ܰɣ˺׶ܻ
϶ȡ
Ҳ𾪡
ͨ׻ŲԲǽԴпѳȥ
ѩ˵
û׼ֵ˼ϾЩһͨ׻޷ԸĻԭⲿҲǶȻ߲Զġ
ѩ˵˶ܿͨ׻ԭأԴϱ̴Ѫ׾Ȼϡ
϶һԭΪ顿˰סͨ׻Ϊ£ʹһսȴû뵽ͨ׻Ȼϵ
ǼٰҽסҵġǬʮζҪɱ
϶
˹ջ𣬵ҲǽǱѩԣƻ֮ĺǷ׷׳֣ʩչͨ׻ٴס
ûᣡ
޶ϽҲ˷
ɣ
Ͽ˱һг趯Ǭʮ趯ʮͨ׻ؿڴ

Ϊͨ׻ʱͨ׻ȴٴЩ̺żǴ˿ѾеĵϿӦ˵ġ
⡭
Ͽ
һѩ֮ȴǴ˿̴ӲԶŷǿֱӽЩȫ飬ͨ׻΢΢Щ
ȻһԵıѩˣɫˣԺǲҪôſ񣬷Ļ֪ôģ
Ͽһ˻ȥ޶Ҳѿ˼㡣
ˣֵʱˣ
ѩ˵
顿ӪУһ췢˳ŵϿˣЦ⣺еǸǱǿߣ컹ǳʶˣ
ŶԸͨ׻Ҳֻ˹ȼһΧ顿ǿߣֻһԹûг֡
ѩ˵ٻλСˡĺ췢Ҳ׼ˡ
ߣţɱ˵ɣ
Ͽü
ͨ׻ü·ħŶ޷գȻָҼʦܣ
Ц漴г趯һͨ׻š
ͨ׻ҲǡءһѪ֮УȻˡ
˶ǿűһɱͨ׻ǽϬǿ˿ûаˮ
ҲǴ˰ˣ´ħҶܱȻɱ
Ͽ˲
޶ϽҲǵͷϷںͷ
ļֻħ˺͵ϿҲֺĻɱһնɱֻ϶֮ڽ˭Ҳôǰ˭
Ͽ˵ʵҲȷʵĻ޶ϽΪİͶٽ֧鶼޷ԭȻϿ˵ĿԴҲʹ˵ìԽԽ
ѩ˺ȵˣҺúע̬ȣǽħ£У֮ڣһʤ㣡
ֻǿ˿ģûнǡ顿Уڱѩǰ˵ˣҴδȻܹ˹мʵ
˵
ˣеĻҪǿǲԶʵ
˹Ҳ˵ѩǰҲֻǿһˣʵϣûҪ˶
ȻﲻˬǵͷֻҪ˲ǰǲģ
ѩҲֻ΢΢ҡͷû˵ʲô˱Ͼ̳ģԶ档
⣬ǰƺдƬħְ
ڶк
ЩȫǰȥһƬ֮ϣȷŴħƺƵεţΧҲǾ쳾ȻܲͬѰ
ѵǳһֻڵħô
޶Ͻ˵


1610 
ԭⲿħһΪȼ׶ڣɳڣڣǻڣڣʵħ׶ڵģʵ̫ǿ˲ǰɱֻͨ׻ǳɳڵġȻֻгڵħǿ
ޣʱһǿ֮ϣûκħҶӵģҳڵħ˵˼룬ԡ
ǻڵħǱȳڵħҪǿ֡
ħǽڴ˵Уƺû˵ȫѾˡ
ǰħ񱼵ĳȻһֻǿħĳ֣ռǵǳ;Ǩġ
׶ڣɳڵħǿֻгڵħã
Ͽ˺ȵֻڵħ˭ɱ
޶Ͻȴ˵ϿˣУǵһνԭⲿ֪ħǿҪ֪ǰЩֻޣʧأ
ʲôഫһ±߱ɱôʦʵܹȺһ˹ȥħʬ״
Ͽ˿
У̫ðˣʵԸڵħأ
ʦҿɲ̸ֽһаսֻڵħɱ
ۡ
ƬħɭֵУȴǱһɾ졣
˶ǳǱ߿ȥ͸ϡܹһӰճǹȻɱ
ӦǲޣϴҲֻӵˣû뵽ξȻֻǵӰ
ѩϴЩȡ
ǵӰ˭أ
ʵ
Ǳѩȴûм˵ȥˡ
ɭֵУպǹͲɱҲû뵽ﾹȻһֻʵħҪ֪УҲŶνԭⲿģȻϳǳħޡ
棬˫ȣǿ׻棬Ⲩ޺ϴҼһģһ
˵ǴϰΧȻˣ벻ˣ
㻹һ֮ȻԶԿǿĲޣ󣡡
ǵˣ绹ռϷ磬ǲƺҪߣ
Ҳ˵
ȷռϷ磬ʵֻޱеҪǿ٣٣ϵֻδָȫܹġ
Ǳ۽ǡ͡ںˣ治һⲨ޵Ķ֣
㰵Ծ
ȻһɭľҲǴУӴȻԴӴܡ
ǲ޾Ȼˣ
³˹ҲǾȡ
磬Ϊβ׷ɱǲޣ
ûҪɭŸǿħȺ˻
˵
¾գǲ£ǴôһˣЩ鷳
˿̣顿ҲϵƬɭ֣˵У¶ȵĿ⡣
޶Ͻ
ϣ˵
ţΪǱռ籩ˣû뵽ȻǴ͵ԭⲿˣ
޶ϽȻɻ󣬵Ȼͷ
ǵģ㣬סǿռ籩ĻǶȻˣ
㣿
޶ϽӾˡ
㣿
Ͽ˺ȵ

㿴ǸŵģҲһЦ
ǲҪңȻˣ㾹ȻӵˣǶǾ棡
Ͽ˵
ʹá顿˶׷ЦǱȻҲ㣬Ⲩ޵Ҳ˵ǲޣӵˣˣ
ߣ˵ٰʽʱ֪ҵ
Ͽ˿
סڣ
޶Ͻȵ
Ͽ˲֪ߵغ񣬲ǵϿͽܣȻϿ˲ǲ޵Ķ֣ܽ޻ˣȻѾչֳ˳ǿʵ
ҶһŶӵУȻҪŶӾ񣬲Ҫǿݣ
ǣʦ
Ͽ˵ͷ
Ƭɭиǿħڣҿǻǳһǰɣ
޶˵
ҡͷΪģɭȻգΨ壡
㣬ǿʵҲУ֪һԭⲿǾ˶ô
α
˵
㣡
ϽָӣҲҵ
޶ŭûȴײǹˡ
ȿȣ޶˵ɣ֪ҲΪ˽ʿʣ˵ҲûΪģɣǾСһ㣬ңؼʱһ֣֤ҵİȫ
ѩ˵
Ȼѩǰ˵ˣҲûʲô˵ģ
޶ͷ
Ҳ˻ȥɺΪ򱧲ƽ磬Ǹ޶Ͳʲôöһǹһģ㻵ģ
ҲŹģ
ͷ
Ҫ֪Ͷٺͼʿ䲻ȻûкǿҵĹϵΪǴ򱧲ƽ
˶ɭ
ǶɭбȻǿħȻ˵ӣ˶Ͼ󣬷ǵĿ־
ϿһȣѾȲҪ֤Լǿˣ뷨Ҫȳ֣ǲͱɱˡ
䣡
Զħڵ̤죬ϿҲ˷ߣȻҵϿҫʱ򣡡
ЩթˣȻߣǲ֪ߵغ񣡡
λҵˣҪ֮أ
һ洫
Ȼǲޡ
滹죺˭Ҳ뿪
ɱ
һɱ𵴳ϿճǺڰгȥ
Ǵ
ҡͷ
ֻƬ̣ڰУһǽȥĵϿɳ
ͣ
ϿѪɫ԰ףѩʩչעڵϿڣ޶ϽҲ˵Ҳ㲻Ҫĳ嶯ôǺڰֻħһֻǱȲ޻Ҫǿȥ
ʦֻһʱ⣡
Ͽǿ
䣡
޴Ӻڰм̤Ӵĺܣ˿һ˫ӵ㣬ƺҪոյĳޡ
һֻͬӴʨҲǳ֣һɫë
ʨʵȲǿĶ࣬ҽǷֳӶԸǣ
㣬ʵǿԶԸޣԸʨȻֻҪסʨɣ
ѩ˵
ãҲȻܽʨɱ
˵
ûɱѩ˵ľ⣬˶ȥ
Ҳպǹǲ޴̹ȥⲨޣڻߣ
ߣ޴ˣΪҵĶô
оȻ˸âֱӱһ࣬˿ҲܹܳⲨڵѾ
ħȻͻȻ֮
ȻЩ˼
ǲӭǹâһǹâȻ޷ֵס棬㼰ʱܣ¾Ҫˡ
ˣȻʮ˱Żˡ
ãⲨӦǿˣ
ѩ˵


1611 նɱʨ
޻񻯣
Īһѩ˱ǽ͵ħУһ־ͻҿ񻯣ԭҲᣬΪûȫָҿ񻯵ЧѣԱɱˣ
㵹û뵽ѩ˾ȻһֱעƺѾϰ߸ֵΧˣעȫͷϡ
ⶼҲںݺݵĵ
СӣǲǾڵ㣬ҪԸңΣ

ʹƬɭֶھš
СǱ߲һȴһȺҪȵ߶ɱˣǱ߻κβ˶Է
ʨҲǴ
Ӵ̼ˡ
ֱͱֱϹǿȻȥǿȴûбܿǹȳ׳˫֮гڤĻһǲ޵
ǿˣҲȻҵĶ֣
Ц
ĿɨԲԶʨΧѾʮ߾ʿʬ壬Ȼٶ˵ΧҲԵֵʨǿ󣬿ÿˡ
ǲǲ㻹ܵס񻯺ǿ׵ٴǿ棬ͼֱӽû뵽ǣʩչڤĻȻĻ治£Щɫĺ󷽣һĨɫ˹
ûа㷴ӦǱ׻ұۣ֫ұ۶ֱж

ʹ
ʲôСȻһ˴ֱۣ
ʨȵͬʱҲǿֱӽΧĲȺˣЩȺУȻоеҲС顿еĳԱ
Ͽʨ˽⵽ħǿôԶԸ޵ģһԷұŪˡ
һٶ˱˵ɱʨˣھҪסʨҲǾġ
еʿѾ˶ʮˣ޶ϽɫѿȻÿԭⲿʿǳе飬Ҳûκΰ취ϾǱѩſֲʵ޶ϽʵҲͺͲ³˹ٽࡣ
ޣʨҲ̫Ѳ˵㣬ɣ˵һߣĻʨ׹㣬㿸סһµģ
ŵͣΪһģ³˹Ҫչ
ţ
ԭҪˣ֪ʨͻȻ޴һмʮ˱ɽˣǽҲǽɳȥЩ˵УʵģɽֱǴ˿̣һɫâܣһغˡ
ͣ
Ѫŵпڴ֮һӰӹǷն˲ұ۵㣬ųǹսһ㳯ʨȥ
Сӣûйȥ㣬㾹ȻԸˣ
ʨ
°ɣ
Ҳǳܺȵ
Щ͡顿е˾Ȼһûȫɢȥ
Ȼ֪ԼʨĶ֣ĿǰҲֻʵԸʨ
СӣǰҵŬȫ׷ˣ
ѩҡͷ̾ԭһֱڴѩɽѵЩ顿ĶԱҪѵһܹš
뵽ʹѵôãЩȻ޷⡣
ȻǣǰЩŸںϵ͡ڵȻǿԣһھеҲǽ֮ںϵ˼£ʵ֮һǰǿ˲١
Ҫ֪ѩ˵Ҫ̵㣬뵽һºʵͻͽˣڱѩУ޷ˡ
֮ҲĶվʨǰ㣬Ͽ˺ͱԸ֮˶ԼΪʲôոջô·һ̣׳ҪҪЩ
ʨҪұСӣֱŪˣ
Ҳǳ߷
ֱѾϣΪһеʹࡣ
ߣȥɣ
ʨŭһ峯ȥʨȲҪǿϺܶ࣬ǿҪ׳ΪǻڵħҲǲҴ⣬Ժǹס棬˫Ȼ߳Ȼʨʵ̫󣬾Ȼֱӽײںǹס棬Ҳϳһѷ졣
ɭֵĵ棬ѿˣ
䣡
ΧٲΪ㲨ֱӵ˵ĴֱӱһŴҵţֻƤˣûмӾϵơ
ѩǰ㻹֣
˹˵
Ϊʵô
ѩҡͷ
һֱѩ˶ûгֶԸħǾ˼ʿȻЩˣѩҲ޿κΣϾҲΪʲôҪЩʵŪԭⲿ
СӣôҪˣȻЦ
ʨ
ͲΪʲôǻǴЦ⣿
ɵô
ʨССӣڵΪ죬ĵ
ʵǰһеޣСɣ
ߣ˵Ļãʵǰһеޣ
Ц
˫սǹʨȻײкȵǹƣ
ǿҵͺǹ·϶Ϊһһ㣬Ȼʨȥ
һ̣㽫ȫõȫ˳оǿĲоҲǱ˳ȥ

֮ףڤĻеȫΪһ塭ֻһ׵籩ֱӴʨд˹ȥ
ţʨţ
飡
ʨ壬ڿը
ѪɽԶĲ޶ŵôСӣôɱʨⲻܣ
˶סˣѩˣһ̣ܱǰǿʵ
޶Ͻ˫ȶЩҲҽϿ˺ˣΪ֣Ͽ˺һʺֻ㲻Ҫ鵽˭һʿ޷ִԭⲿģĻǿͲˣ
ҪܣϾֻʧһ첲ҪɥʧǾʲôûˡ
Ȼһ̣ѩȴҲǳ֣һֱӽ޳ױס
˿̵ĲҲһ޴ıһǰ
ҲվŽڵȫ鶯ҲҪɱʨһֲʵϣܻɱʨһĿǰʵܹʨһƴһ棬ʨԼĵġ
Ϊʨ㣬ԲŸһĻᡣ
ĻҪɱʨȻҪһۡ
ţεĽħжԲһΣȻնɱһֻʨ
ѩ˻Ц⡣
Ҳûɱڵħޣ붼Ƿ˼켸ҹΧ֮£ɱйɾĽһֻ޻Ҫǿʨնɱʱ
ȻѩǰҲûвμӹħжһֱڴѩɽȻͽڶ࣬ȻҲз顣


1612 綾Ы
һսҲ۽ʮˣ顿Աȴһ˶δȥֻ˼ˣҲܹó顿ԱձʵҪǿھġ
Ȼԭⲿע˭
ѩǰ˵ûնɱʨǵ֮ϲʵڻԭⲿҲԲﵽھͷǣ
޶Ͻ˵
ȻǼߣҪ֪ΪͽܵϿǰǸһȥϿ˻󣬶ǻԽԽʣҪָ֪ӹ٣ǱϽ
˶û
ҴҶȴû뵽Ͽȴ˵ʦֻһƬɭְˣԭⲿڶطǲȥɣһŸྫʵģ
ԣ
޶ϽһֵСӶĳ嶯ΧϾ̫ˣ˵ʨֻһֻħʹսʮˣΪǿħǱѩǰ֣ҲӦȥϢڻԭⲿսܽʵ´
ǻڵħȳڵħȻǿ
ͬ֯ħԭⲿû뵽ܹһֻǻڵħ
Ȼһ֮£һֻޣǱҪΧŵԽնɱѾ˵ļˡ
޶ϽʵҲĸ˶㣬Աʵûʲôܽԣҵ˼ǣԭⲿϼ죬նɱֻڵħҲǲģ
ѩ˵
˵ĵҲûնɱ޺ʨȫһˣĴ۰סʨǣսô
ѵЩڡ顿еž͸Ըԭⲿģ㣿
Ȼǣ١顿Ա롣
ǡ顿Աǲǰ뿪ģҪսɣʵģ
Ҳ˵
֮⣬ҲЩˡ
ΪǾ˾ͻô
Ͽ˺ⱴ˵ˡ
ãȻѩǰˣôǾԭⲿ죬ȻΪ˰ȫԭⲿ̫
޶˵
ⲢĻȴûбõķˡ
ٴ·ɷܵشҲǱˣ˵磬ԺҶƴôˣҪĻҶҪʨϣ
ͷָ·ӦͨԭⲿĵشħֻԽԽǿ㵽ʱǲҪɣ
ѩ˴·Ҳͨĵشĵ·ȻͷȻǺ޶Ͻ˵ûκΣա
ʵϲȻĺܣռԼ޷ƿصġ
ò״ӴѩɽһΣҶ鵱Уȴ˵еţ
ʮڴڻԭⲿա
ȵȣ
޶ϽԽԽӾò̫ԾΧ׵ûһ˿ħкȻһҲͣ¡
㿴޶ϽԴɻı飬Ȼ·Ѿɡ
顿ĳԱҲͣ޶Ҫ˵ʲô
ĳԱǲҪˣҸоǰĪΣգ
޶˵
Ÿո˵꣬ͻȻɭҪôˣҾ綾Ыӵĵ̣ֻ·һ
Ȼħ
ܹԣٶǳڵħˡ
УжҲѩˣͷ׻᲻·
ȺҵʱһɫӰӴԶ˳һֻɴĺɫЫӣȻʮôʨɫЫӿȴһҲʨС
ôˣٺ٣߿һֱȺ˵ȵͷˣСʨϢʨǼһѾеģ
綾ЫӺȵֻǿϧ۷ڵħʨǿϲ٣ֻһִܵǻڣԵǣ͹Բˣ
۷ڣ
ʨҪǿħ
Ѿˡ
ов١顿Ա
ԸıɥʧһսеĵϿͬûҲο
һȺųˣӻûгԵǣѾǰ㺦ô
󣡡
ѩ˺ȵ
ǣ
ʮ顿Աɢھ綾Ыܣ´󣬱ѩ˺ȵҲʱڴѩɽϴǵĶˣ
ͬʱĳԱ޶ϽĴ֮£ҲǷ׷׺ˣţʩչѩ󷨣ǻǲҪȥӰˣ
˶һɣ
ǷˣˣȻܵϽ
³˹˵㣬޶ϽͻһֱǸı·ߣˣȥǾԱĶ־ԽԽģ
ȱ𼱣ǡ顿˽ͷЫӣϲ٣
ͷ
ʮ顿ԱǱѩѡڱѩ֮ΪľӢǻ츳һ࣬ʩչѩԴѩ󷨣ȴ
ɱħҲǲڻ¡
㿴ʮͷųѩ֮һγɣһ޴ھ綾ЫܣУЩľ綾Ыӵġ
ѩûг֣վڲԶԴ飬Ҫ֪Ȼ顿Աûкƴ˼Աѩ˵ĸ߰ȻϣԼ̵˲㡣
ȻһԵľֻΪʵ
Ȼһ̣ѩȴüͷ
Ϊڱеľ綾ЫӾȻܹ赲Щģıȷʵһŵ
ڱ
綾ЫӣȻǻԵħ
ۿҪ飬Щ顿ԱΣڵϦ綾ЫӷһΪжͣһȺˣȥɣ
ȫ飬޴ɣʩչʮȫɵĵɶʱ綾Ыȴ
ЩЫڵľ綾ЩǿߣȾ¶Ҫж
ҪͷѩҲͲסӣ˫ĳһջ
ֵ˲䣬Ҳܵѩ̺ŵǿ
ȻֱӽЩȫ
綾ܶᣡ
ѩ˵Ǹ۲۵ǿߣ٣Щ˵У
ѩһֱûг֣Ȼ֪ʵȴʵ£ǹˡ
ӦǱԼĿǰʵǿһЩ
ѩǰڳˣ
ܶĳԱҲǼ
ʮǰѩڻԭɱķһ˵һд˭Ҳ޷ѩɱħĿˡ
һ̣ȴһ÷ɣȷǿ֣鴫
綾Ыʵ͸ܳѩ˱һǿ٣Ǿ޴ЫβĶ̫±ҫޱȣȵͷӣӦþϴɣãӾŪȥ


1613 

綾ЫȻҲһġ
նɱ˱ѩˣ˸ܲľ綾
ҲѾܾûгնɱħˣ
ѩһֱڴѩɽϱչֻ¶Ϥи¼ϵ顿֪г㣬ҲǲԸɽġ
ѩ˲磬վԭأ̩ɽǾ綾ЫӵβȻȥĶҫâҪ
Ȼ˶˿̵ıѩ˾Ȼγһ
Ǿ綾ЫӵĶش̶δзֺѡ
ͷֻеı£Ϊǿ
綾ЫӼ
Ҫβ֮ʱȴڻѩλȻһ˫Ȼ綾Ыӵ
ҵıѩ֮о綾Ыӡ
ǣ
綾Ыӵ忪ʼ˪ǣţγһ
ɵľ޴
ֻһƾͽ綾ЫƷѩˣǿеǿߣ
̫ˣֱ޷ʮʩչѩ󷨶޷סľ綾Ыӣѩǰһƾܸ㶨
Ǿ綾Ыӻû
ȴü
ôûأ磡
ɸ˵꣬Ǿ޴ȴǷһ죬ƺҪ̮һ㡣
Ȼ
һ綾Ыⲿı龹Ȼȫѿ
ѩ΢΢ȣҲ綾ЫӲһĳħʵƿ
ͷӣҪɱ㣬÷ϲٹ򣡡
綾Ы˦˦βͣϵбȫ鿪ѩ˵Ŀ⵱ǷŭȻҪ

һǿԼ
Ǿ綾ƽѩ˵ıѩ֮
ž綾ЫӾһƿѩ󷨣ʼʩȻΪҲܶԸѩˡ
ѩ󷨣
ѩ˺ȵ
˫֮ʩչǿҵıѩ֮Щѩ֮Ȼ綾Ыڱ֮УЩҲγɱ飬Ȼڻ˾綾Ыܱŵı
ǿѩǰһ˲µѩ󷨣ʮ˲µģǿ
ѩ󷨣

𣡡
סľ綾ЫȻ޷Χı
Ϊܹڻʩչѩôһ̣Ҫ
ѩ˺ȵ
˫ȻһƣЩȻȻֱѹž綾Ыӡ
Ҫѿ
ѩ󷨵еɱУ
Ǿ綾Ы֮ˣ

ѩҲǾǾ綾ЫӱɣҪ֪ʵ֮۷ڵħҪǿһЩģȻɱ綾Ыӡ
ȻЩȻը˲䣬ȴһ綾Ыӵ
Ǿ綾Ы֮ǰľź
һһ˷֮
ȫ飬˵ĿȴǾ֡
Ǿ綾Ыôôɫģ
βͶһ
ֲ̫ˣѵ񻯣

ǽˣ
㰵ҡͷ
綾ЫȻǴ۷ڽ׳ǻڵħ
ֻһߵִǻڣ״綾Ыӽˣ
Ѿ͵߰ɣȫɫһ˫۾ԶһЫββϵĶ
ѩӵҲ¶֮ɫǻڵħ
ͷӻøл㣬һ̣Ҷһٽ׳ɹߣڵңɲǷô׶Ըˣ
綾ЫӺȵ
˺󣡡
޶Ͻȵ
ǻڵħǺεǿģϽž˲顿ܲţܲþȥ
Ҫ֪ǻȥʱ򣬾˶ˣҲ޷
ʿٶˡ
㣬³˹ɣԼǳѪʿȴûкˡ
⼸׳գȥ
޶Ͻ˵Ųأ

綾ЫʵЫβҲһһȻӺǱѩ˻ȥ
ǻڵħɲȳڵģʵ࣬ѩҲûкǻڵħ⻹ǵһ
ûлֵЫβ׶Ыβ֮ҲǰԳޣͷ綾Ыӵĵף
ѩ˵һνǻڵħȷԼһܹնɱԷв±Էץס޷ֵˡ
Ҫ֪Ǳ綾ЫɱٶˣҪɥ
Ȼκʧ
ֻǸոսףĻûնɱ
ѩ˿ڵ
ʲô
綾ЫȻš
Ҫ֪ѾǻڵħУѩ˲ֵһᣬɱ練ơ
Ȼһ̣ѩгһ⽣
˪ŵĹ⽣
ΪֻǶһܶԸôҲ̫Сǻڵħˣ
޾𣬷綾
綾Ы
Щ֮ţΪǿ𣬸ˣ
ѩȴǻȻ壬й⽣ϡһһһֱƿЩҲǱն
⽣ֱ־綾Ыǰ
ܣ
綾Ыȫû뵽ѩʵЫβȻǰȴѩһߣǶһβͰˣұն
ǣ
Ӱ趯
ѩһֱնϾ綾ЫӵһЫβЫβڵϣ˼£ƺвû£Ǳѩһѩ֮סˡ
𣡡
綾Ыӵβڣ
δǻڣ綾ЫӴ˿̿һϢ
ΪǻħЫβһնϣȻ
ǣܻǵĽЫβ±ѩ˽
ͷҪ
Ы
綾ЫӿһֽȻͬɫ
֮ǰķ綾ֻһЩûɫѩȴܹǿὣƿȻ
ⴿЫȴ޵״̬µľ綾һ㣬Ǳѩ˵Ҳ޷ƿ
Щɫסѩˣڲʳűѩܵıܣ
⡭
ѩɫҲÿû뵽綾ЫӻɱУ
ⴿЫȻǾ綾ЫӵǿɱУû뵽ôãʩչ
ڱѩбܱЩɫȻڱϣһʱᣬҲǼѲʳܵġ
ߣͷЫպúıѩ֮ԣȻϵıܺӦĳֱɣǴЫ֮ȴȻס㣬޷ʩչֻҪʱһɣ
綾ЫӺʱ䣬ĵӣȫҪɱ
綾ЫΪ˶Ǳѩ˵ĵӡ
⡭ǰǾ㣡
˹ȵ
ʮ顿ԱҲԥȫѩȻոսɣȴǱ綾ЫȻһ
ٴܵѩ֮ķɣɶȫڵϣ쳣Ҳû
޶ϽⷬʹȥҶƬ̣ҲȻ»ᱻ˵ӱ
һܵģȻܻûҪҷ
ûܵģк޼ɿԵˣȻҪǾ綾ЫɱûҪġ


1614 
޶ˣ
սģҲǽģҪȥֹ綾Ыӣѻʯ
ˣԭأʡĳȥ鷳ϾҪԼҲҪķѲ
³˹ȼλѪҲ׼ǰæǻ϶ǷʿѪ쳣޶ӱȻ
ҲܿеʿƷʡ
Ҷ
󣬱ǿӰȻһ
ǹඥһǹâȻǾ綾ЫӣߴִӵоǲмĿ⣬޾һǹ
㣬βֻҪնһβ֮ͣأ
ѩ˺ȵ
ǹâ綾Ыɲκ˺Ӵ̼ˣԭǸնɱʨСӣ˵УҲֻͷеʵͷסˣնɱ㣬˾ȫûˣ
ȻЩܵӶмɱ
Į
ɱУ練ơ
ʮԱӵϼҲһԣǰľ綾ЫӶ˵ޱǿ󣬸Ӧ˵ġ
ǵĿȫϣĿǰҲֻ㣬пܶԸ綾Ыӡ
о綾ЫӵĻۻмֺ£ֻд֣
˵ʲôСӣӵʲôϵ
綾ЫӺȵСӣ϶Ҫʱ䣬룬ͽɱ
ǹϮгǹ裬һкǹâҲڿն𣬱֮עǹ⵱УֻһӰȫӳǹâ
ڿʣ
ɷѤá
ȻʩչЩǹâǾ綾ЫȴȻ޶ԣƺ̶ֳȵǹâ˵
ߣҲֻôСӣҲ綾
һɫӾ綾Ы˵ĶˣҪ֪ѩΪűɵıܲǿסЩɫ
㣬ǿľ綾Ǻã
ѩﰵСӣǿסǾ綾ģҲ޷ȥˣӦƿȥ
ɫȥѾסѩˣʵϣδͷųΪǿıĻͽ⿪ˡ
֮ԣһֱûн⿪ҲҪ鿼Աʵ
ȻҪ֮ʣȴǿȻ˹ȥ
ãСӣأ
ѩ֡
Ͼһֱԭأа취ȵ˭֪㾹Ȼȥˣ
ǸȻײ
綾ЫӿЦȻһ̣ȴЦˣΪûпɫС
ǣʧˣ
һ̣綾ЫӱǸоĲʣ˿̣ҲǶܿӰ
վھ綾ЫӵβͶ봦еĳǹ߸߾
Сӣյ֮ƣôЩɫģ
ѩɻ
Сӣ㣬㾹Ȼ
䣬綾ЫӶѰࣿͺһǹƣ
ۼȻž綾Ыӵβȥ

綾ЫӵβֱӶ
ӰҲȻӴ֮ǰ綾ЫӺе㣬ܣ㲻ƽҵĴЫģܣ
㲻֪ϣһʽٶô
еĳǹȻ׳ֱӴǾ綾Ыӵ۴
Ҫͬھ
綾ЫӱնβͣѾ޷ˡ
û뷨Ҫδȫʧ֮ʣԱ
Сģ
Ǿ綾ЫԱ˲䣬ѩ˳ˣ
һǿı֮Ȼ˫֮лǾ綾ЫӵֱӱӴ飡
ѩǰ
ѵûбס
Աʵ
ҲǾ﷽űѩ˵ĳ֣ͷʵոճ֣ԼҪˣ
ϾǾ綾ЫԱ̫ͻȻˣҲһ˿иû뵽ЩħҲһԱ
ԺնɱЩħǵСΪвɴ
ոѾЫƿ㣬㵹ҴΪȣնɱһֻǻڵħһ飡
ѩˡЦ
ո˵ǡǡûн⹦Ͷ԰ռҲܿóѩ˵ƷԼߣֲ˾
Ҳ΢΢ͷҶû¾ͺˣֻ綾ЫֻǸոս׵ǻħѾõǻħ¸ǿ󣬽λҪСģ

Щ˶΢΢һ㶡
˵նɱʨǶûδ񫣬ԭⲿǿʵôѾնɱһֻ׼ǻڵħ綾ЫӣҾ˶ӵĴ룬ѵ֣ظ
Ҫǰ
һԸıˣѾ㣬ϾһžǿʵˣƷֺܲʱôԸҲͷҲ˵㣬ǻӦüĵشǰô
Ƿŵ飬㶼Ǿ۵ףҲǾԼЩͻûпȫԽΣԽԼȻη壬Щ˲ͬǴʵֻܶԸһĳɳڵħԳڣǻڵħԱУȥ˵ƽ
ûг
ȣ˵ɣ
ѩ˵ģԱǾԱǼӢµģĻҲ޶Ͻһӻ
£նɱʨնɱ˾綾ЫӣԺնɱʲô޴֪δ֪飬˷ܵģѵǲ֪ԭⲿĵشô
ңǼ˷ܵģ
ҲǵһԭⲿߵôԶҺһҲҪԼ

ѩǰ˵ĶԣԱûɻȥҪս
޶ϽҪΪǾ֤ǲث֣
ûһˣҪȥ
ˣ־Ȼ
·գ
ѩ˵ߵȻɹǴ˿̻ȥҲ˵ʲôҪ˳Ļԭ·أӦòʲôΣգǺ棬δ֪
ѩǰǾˣҪôһȥҪôҿδ֪
ҲԺźȻʵǿٲϺȣ
ٺ٣һﲻǾĴ˿̶һˣǶӱѩ˵ģ

㿴ΧѪˣбܸжû˵ʲôֻ֪ᾡ֤ǽÿһ˵ȫ
ûʲôҪġ

ѩ˺ȵ
ǰʮ˲Ķ鳯ǰδ֪ȥһƬ£ȴǵĵǻ޷ԤԼ
ǣڴΪ鵱УһΪҫ۵ǣı
㣬Ұ츳Ϊţϣ츳δ֪ɻ
ѩ˵ĿͶǰǸϣĿ⾼


1615 
ܲ
޶Ѿ°ٶ˵Ķ˻ȥһǰͦأͶ֮䶼¶һʤߵ̬
޶Ͻˣ
ʤˣ
һʤ̣ս޲ʤģ

߻ȥܲеʿҲĽĽ
û֪ԭⲿ׷ʲôֻ֪޶ˣʤߵ̬߽ܲģǵ統Уһдջˣ򲻻ô
޶˸һ˿аЦӲΪԼǴŲӻģûУΪ֪ˣҪǸԼĲ£Ҫˣ
նɱʨʿӦҫ
޶Ͻ
ܲеһλϽͷ
ţϽǻˣ
Ϊô죿
Ͻһ޶Ͻʿͳ٣һٶʮˣô˰ʮˣȻҲģ޶ϽƺԱ봫ʱ㣬ʱշ籩ʮ䲻
ǵģϽҴһʮˣԭⲿնɱֻ׶ħħڣնɱ˲ޣ
ޣնɱˣǳڵħҪɱ²ôɣ
Ǹɱһֻʨ
޶Ͻصͷ
һ˵ԵһЩϽĪʨһֻȲޣ޶ҪǿĶĳħնɱޣ궼Ҫķô죬ȻնɱʨȴѸݿٵĻعˡ
ܲѰô
Ȼɱ¾Ĺ̵УҲž޴ˣ
Ͻ޶
обϽϣ䡣
ʿͳ٣ʨ̵ɱͼȹǣǿʨ޿κΣסʨҵͽܣŵϿһʨţĻǿܶزˣ
Ͽˣ
Ͽ˵츳ô
ûаɣҪ֪ЩϽϵǱ֮ˣ
ЩϽЩɻ
㣿ǾȻ㣬ǸСӣãռ籩εǲԶĵطͼ˭֪Ȼж£ھӵУһ㶼ؼɣңŴǺԱìܣЩҪ͵Ͽ˾
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Ŀ⿴ϿˣЩ㶣ûӦǣģλϽСһֱҾǿӦҪܣ
ܣⲻܣ
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ܣ
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ˣ
Ͻȵܣ˭ӱܣҷԲһӱ
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ʿޣδ̫ƵĲ˰ɣ֪ǷǰиʲôŵɭľСôأŹŵټеΪΪѵ˵ʿ
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ϽҲ޶Ͻ˼ȻԣͺͰͶٽϵ̫ãⱣϽҲ
ǺǣλϽ࣬Ҳû˼׳ӦϾͻǱλϽ»᲻˵İ
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λϽˣ޶ֻǽһЩڻԭⲿʵˣҲΪʲôϽΪһӱִݣҾúĪ
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ˣͬ㵱ӱʨצ£
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ͶٶˣǾӱ
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㻹ŵĺܣͷ˭ΪͶǸôйļһأ
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˶濴ȥͶٺһȺʿ滺ͶٵıϣվһλƼǿ֮ˣĿ޶һҪɱ
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ܲ׳¿ͦΣΰΪܲ߸ˣȻܵ˾
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޶㷽Ų˵Ͷٵӱʨɱôڿǻվ
ȡҵĴǲʵģʵϣûڻԭⲿͶٽΪ˽˶ԹҲ
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λصҪҴĳĿ
Ͷ٣˵ɲҽҳ㣬ңʲô˼޶ѵΪ˺˽˶ԹͲк֧飿
޶˵
ͶٽҲܽƾһ֮˵޶Ͻ
˵
ˣµ޶㻹֪ôѵҪҽǲ㱻˴ݻٵļ¼ųϣ
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ǷŭȷУȻȽһǽħжָӣ
Ǻݺݴ˰¿һơ
Ͷٵķ֣һи֪¿һеȫٵˣ
ǰͶٵĻֻһ֮ʵĻô׳¿Ļը
û˻ỳɰ¿˵ĻȻ޴ӵʵ
ң¿׳ңҵʱֻһʱͿŻɴ
޶
Щȥԭⲿʿ٣ȫͷȥǽʱİͦأʤ̬ȫγĽĶԱȣ

˵ԭⲿ׷ʲô飬Ϊʲôôͻˣ
¿ȵ
Ͻһ¿ȻǱˣ
ȷΪĵһˣ¾ȻȰ࣬趼ѡ
ڻԭⲿˣȻǺĳԱһɱУնɱ˲޺ʨȥģִ룬Ȼ󣬱ѩҲͬ
գһǴӦһ˽׳ǻħľ綾Ыӣʵޱǿѩ˶Ķ֣ԱҲȫܣۿȥұǴž˸Ͻ˳
ǾУһҴ
޶˵


1616 ֮Ĺ
¿üͷ𣺡ǻħ
˵ʵնɱħףҪԸǻħ죡
ҲҡͷĿˣ޶ѵΪ´Ŵ󲿶뿪ӢΪôҪ֪ĽħжУδκһ£
һָӣȻܣⲻЦǣ
ͶҲǺȵ
ҲǶ޶м
޶ҡ
Ϊ˻ĴֹʶģȻʵϣ̰
Ȼһ˵ӡһУ޶֮ǰƭΪѾôҶʧȥģû˻Ļˡ
У˶ĽǵǰȥӪǣ
ֻҪһ˿ϣǶӦ÷
¿˵
׳ҰͶٴž񲿶ǰɣӦܲ
ǻħĶôҲܳʱûгˣ
¿ȵ
ͶҲǵͷλڵһ˵ǰҲ˿ķ׳Ը׷ԭⲿ
ã
¿֮ʻѵĳˣ޶飬һٺˣ

ԭⲿ
űѩ·Ѿĵشǰһ·ϣҲ־ɳǣһͬնɱ˼ֻڵħȻǻڵħǻû
ֻ綾Ыӽ׳ǻħǸ⣬ǵִĵشĻǻħģ
ѩ˵
ʶҲ̽ȥȷʵûǿħȻԶĻ㻹ܹܵмǿ
ѩǰǻж·̲ŵִĵش
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ȫٷаɣҲûԭⲿĵش·ǿ϶ûģ
ѩ˵ţС
Ҳ׷ȥ
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ţӦˣ
㰵Եͷ
Ҫ֪ĿǰʵնɱħѾ㲻ʲô£ҪսĻЩǻڵħָʵ
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ɽ֮У˿ϵʮɸߵħЩľս

ɣ
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һıܱƶˡ
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ħԳ
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㣬˫ħԳɲǵģһֻ֣öԸһ࣬ǶҪȫû
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һƬܿϿȣϿ鲼ħĺ
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Ƿ׷ײһ࣬ۿǰ
ˣһ۱㿴ֻħ֮Ľ
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ֻħҲǶ˰ȻצӴħޱڶ̩ץ˲ٵ˺ۡ
̩Ҳ˺ۣȻͿƵͶ·һ˫ӣȴޱȵܹΪʤһ㡣
ȥɱǣǶܾ˵״̬
顣
У
ѩҡͷ
һ̣̩ۺȻ豱һ޴ȻǱͷֱӽɸߵıԽ˳
ߣ浱㲻ɣ
̩һֱͣȴᣬԻ󱱱һʤ
̩ܷ˺ҧűԭⲿĵشΪҵġ
ħħǳееķʽ
ҪǱʱΧȴȻһֻΪ޴ħǿ׳žšʮɣ嶼ǻɫʯɣɫɢɱ̩ܺһСڳʳһ㡣
ȵʯͷ˵ֱ۰ڻڶ̩ǰʱȻת˫оǿ־֮ɫǸ׳Ƴϴ벻ҪɱңԺƬҶȻΨǴӣ
㽫ҵɱˣѵô
㣬ˣ
̩˵⻰ʱȻʯͷײȥȻ
ԷƺԤϣ̩ײʯͷϣײ˵ϣֱӺ¡һը
һıѩ˶Ǿ֣ʯͷǿĺܣƬϴ󣡡
Χħǳ߸
Ӧд·ˣ
Ҳǵͷ
ԭⲿĵش˭Ҳδ˭ҲĹأЩǿħһ龿Ϊʲô飬˶ڴѡ
䡣
ʯͷ˿ȥҲʶʲôһȥÿһضһ㡣
ݣ
һħӰ֣ǵҲǻڵħͷƬϿȵУ·ˡɵͶ㲻ʲôֻ˵
ǵڷֻ̩ɱıΧһֻħȵոշս
ֻħĶԾţжϢ
Ƕĵ̣û

ǣ롮֮ĹǽĺܣǶ϶֣ǿ²׽У
֮ĹʮſһΣңдħܽеõͨ챾죬ЩƺûһֻħŻɣ
벻ѣҪִ֮Ĺǿɾͼѣֻʮ͵ħܶ飬ǲ̫϶Ǵӡ֮ĹģʵѸ٣ɹͳһƬ򣡡
ǣ
ȸϵ֮Ĺ˵

ݣ
ЩǿħɣӴûκθĵشȻӴŸˣЩ˵ȴ԰СȻΪطĹ
Ҳ˵ġ֮Ĺһֵڴĵط
˿̣ѩҲȥ


1617 ˯о
ԭⲿһֱһޱյĵضΣħǿ棬ȻнħжʵϣÿҲֻնɱֻħǴظɱѩ˺ͷɱһֻոսδȫ̵ǻħĵشЩУû
ȻҲЩǿߵϸĵشǴδ˳
׷ЩħϿȵľͷǰһƬƵɳĮЩħȫУǣǲǰˡ
Ȼǰ˵ҲΣա
ɳĮУвħʯͷ˾У
˵
ȫҪϸǡ֮Ĺ̲һ޴ܣ
ѩ˵
Ҳܣ޴ܣļصлδֹҵĻٺ٣ǱӢۣ
˷ܹ˷ܣҲЩѩǰ㣬ɳĮУǿħǵʵӦǣ
ħԽ࣬ԽǶΪˡ֮Ĺ棬˴֮䶼ἤսȲһԾͺˣ
ѩ˵
̵ְҲȷʵʧΪһ÷ӡ
ɫɳĮУųɰͷӴħڼš
ǷΪˡ
һ׷ٵһЩħǵһֻҺɫЫӣЫӱǾ綾ЫȻĶ࣬ЫβÿһЫβ涼ļ룬ڶˣޱȡ
һǸոմӲԶϸģԼĪʮͷħңһʮɵǰ·ɢҫ۽⣬ЩħҲǻ
һԴʯͷˣһȺͬǿħԶȺһƬߣ֮Ҳļһ
ƶ϶ȻҲˣ벻
ǻҺɫЫӾ޴𵴳ضΪ֮һ
Ыβζ㿴ЫӶЩѲ
Ҫ֪Ǿ綾ЫӲЫβѾѲˡ
ɳĮ˵ʵҲֻʣңжˣϺзΪ壡
޴ƶҲ˵
ţɳĮ֮Уڡ֮Ĺ֣ʱϣǴҶֵܷٺô˭ڡ֮Ĺն˵õ崫УƬɳĮ˱ˣ
崫У
ĸֵǱޱȡ
˭ܵõ崫УƬɳĮ˱˭ģ
Ȼħʵ൱ܶҪħҪǿһЩȻ֮ҲóȻԸǡ
ϾⶫҲ
һħѸٸɵħİ崫У⡮֮ĹȻе˼
뵽
޴ͻҺɫЫӻڽǱ˴ûл˼ƺڵȴš֮ĹĿ
Ȼ˿̣һӰӲԶӹ޴ĽŲ
ǶǼһ
Ƕ˵
ħʯͷ˶ᣬӴվɳĮ֮ϣ涼ҪȳһЩСʯͷˣ˵С͵Ҳֻڶ˵ʵҲɸߡ
Ƕˣ
Ὺڵ
ƶ˵ᣬ⸽Ȼĵ̣ǡ֮ĹǱϵô
ߣôаջôô
˭Ҳûмᣬʮǰ㲻ҲһֱΪ崫лᱻôأûеõ
һΣҶõ
Ŀ
ЫҲ˵ᣬ˵ٴҲûã֮ĹδǿˣҲһ㶫ģ
֮Ĺǿұ߱ɱǣ崫˭ģ
ȵƬɳĮӦֻҶһˣ
ƶЫʯͷ˶סˣλǻħУΪΪǿģλħУ
λħ֣ʤֺԤˡ
ɵ֮ǰҶȽһϺз
ͻأġ㶼ܵǱһɾ޴סˣȵܣ
ʶǿ󣬸ܵʯͷ˵ĲԾʯͷ˴˿̻ӳһȭҪҳˡ
ݣ
˶Ӵܳȥ
飡
ʯͷ˶ὫǰܹڵĵطȫãҲ޴
ƴɣ
Ȼ޴ЩħӲƴһ
㣬ǻȥ
ѩ˸ô˵ǿӰֱӷɳĮ֮С
磡
ɾˣҲǶԷȺħĶְ
Ҳǲ֪Ǻá
ڿУǿﵽЩħĲӴλãʯͷ˶ȵȻˣϡǾȻִܹ
ţᣬôЩ˵ģ
ʵ
Ҹɽ嵱бһžʵҰǹײϵʱұѾоǵĴˣȻϢĹܺãȻסҵʵҰ
˵
ҲڻȻ˵ʵʵ۷״̬ǰʯͷ˵ʵҰôҲǶȻ޷̽Ĵڵġ
˵ɣСӣϰͷħƾ㣬ǰǣҪʲô
֮Ĺ
ȵ
֮ĹȻҲΪˡ֮ĹߣĺôǳҲǲóѵģ
ȵ
Ǿԣ
ȵһǿ
λǻڵħͱƸŵİˣλħҲһۣǶȥ
ˣ
ԶıѩҲҪ֣Ҳǵ޷㡣
ΪϾֻǻħϳ֣ʵǱѩܹӦˡ
ɱɱ
λǻħǶ֮ɡ
ȻǵȴȻֹͽȻͣ
ô£
ǣѩλǻħҲͽȻֹȫľֹ
ߣ
ȵ
ѩӵɻҲǴ˸Ͻ
һ·Уûκħ
ô£Щħôȫˣ
ʵ
ǵȻֻܽһС
УҪͣҵ͹ֻħʵ˯оûǳ˯ã
ȵ
˯о
ǶĪɻ󣬸ףѩ˶΢΢ȣܾ̫ء
Ȼֻħ׷ˣ
ѩ˰ٶȸ죬Ҫ׷ˣ
ߣȥסǣ
ȵ
תǳź󷽷ȥ˱ѩˣ˲ֻħĶֻ֣ħΪ˶νİ崫УȻǻὫȫɱġ
롮֮ĹԽ٣ǵõеĻҲԽ
ңСӣ
ѩҲȻת
ӰǷٳź󷽳ȥ
˶ǰȥϳΣϾ󷽵磬ǰٶͷħӦġ
ڹȥҲֻӰѩǰ㣡
ѩǰֲǲǶ֣Ǿڴ˵Ⱥ򣬰ʱûϢٳȥʱ򣬾ƴߣҲҪЩħնɱ
ţһŶӣܶκһˣȫ


1618 Ϻ
λǻħű˯оĳ˯һ˲ĪûԤϵ㾹Ȼ汾죬˳Ǳ˶ݵĳ˯
ǺĿǰʵ൱ħ㽫˯оʩչȥҲҪ˯졣
ȻֻħıʵȴǱǿ٣ûƬ̱ѹŸħȫ˯Уǳŭˡ
Сӣ̫죬
֪ʲô죬ֻȽɱ
ʵҰӲģ

ͱѩ˻ͷ˲ǧףλħǳǰѩϵıѾܣѾս׼
ȻλħȴǽĿ۽ϣСŹ챾죬˿۷Ȼ򵥡
Сӣ㾹ȻҷѵĲô
ȵ
ôƾ
¶Цһȥ˱ѩˣֻħȫס
ѩ˶ԳԾ㣬źεǿʵ
Ҫ֪Աѩ˵ʵֻܿһֻǻħȻ˿̵ƣȴֻܽǻħȫסƣš
ͷԱԸֻЫӣ;˽ˣ
˵
ãСӣǻŵĻͷ£ҲͲƽˣ
ѩ˺ȵ
ЦѵҪбѩүүɣ֪ͣҪѩ˶ٱ
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Ыħȵ
˶ƶҲЦնɱСӣȻҪһô
ߣϲֵģƶҹһȥ
ᣬ㣡
һһԡ
СӣҪĳ⽴
ʯͷ˴һһСɽһұȻȥ֮ǿ¾һУԻ޾ԭĳˡ
㰵һǹ뿪壬֮ȥһǹ׳˸ҫ۵ĹâʯͷȴȻûκη壬۰Ȼķȥ
ȥ
飡
һ죡
ǹ㱻飬һȭ֮δ
˸׵ĹâȻȭͷȥ
䣡
㱻ӴȻʯͷ˶ȭͷ֮Ҳðһ̣֮еƶᣬȻᱻСӻˣΪڣҾûпȭͷѾ˺ۣ
ƨ£
ᱩŭ
ߵΪƶһԵ䳰ȷδƶУϾ֪ԼʵѾԶƶΪʵû뵽㷽еɫ׾Ȼ̺ӴԵֵ
Ȼ˿ҲҲǺȵСӣ㷽ʩչǹȷʵҪĵڲܲÿζֵҵȭͷɣ
Ĳذɣ
˭ܣ
ͺһ
ʯͷ˵ʵȷ֮ϣ׵󣬾ƽʱԽ׻ȻֻǽֵܹסԷĹ
ʯͷˣֻǻħǿһֻ¾ֻħҲһ֣㱾ҪϵСģ֪Ȼڳ˯С
Ȼⳡޱȼѡ
ʯͷˣһԵڻҲõ˿̲ʯͷˣȵܾ֮ʣȻ֣
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ʯͷСɽȭͷȻûη壬֮бŷһڲоļӳͣû˿ʯͷ˵ȭͷϰ֡
䣡
ʯͷ˵ȭͷȻð
ôܣ
һȫͲ㻹ܵһȭҪ֪һȭٰٷ֮һٶʮƶҲԵסԼһȭģⲻܣСӣ̫ˣǽ첻ɱڡ֮ĹһΪĸ󻼡
ƶٴε¶һȭĲɫһ۱ѩ˺Ы֮սȻҲɱѽѷ֣ͷϵıܹסȻսҪܾˡ
ƶе뷨Ҫֻ֪ǻħƬɳĮߡ
ƺ⣬һҲ׶ԸϾ˭Բ
Ȼʮ䣬ʯͷ˶Ѹ٣ѾƶЫ˦󣬶Ρ֮ĹǶٴλþ޴¾ĻὫȫ
УһѵĻᣬǶܾˣҿƶ
ƶЩлλˣҪǣ벻ԸĶԲ
û˭ȥĴ˿̿ƶ뷨οʯͷ˶Ͳɱ㡣

ʩչ׵֮Ѿ̺ŵĹˣľ޴Ӧʯͷ˵ȷҲһ취
СӣȻܼȥңᣡ
ĵҲñȱ٣ˣ
Į
㣡
ʯͷ˰СӲһ챾죬벻˵ϸ
ӳȭÿһȭǿȻķѵҲǾ޴Ȼ޴Ĵۣȴû㣬Щȡ
ԶĴɣ³˹ˣǶԭصȴͱѩ˵ĹȻʱȥˣȻûǵκϢ
ԱҲǼķ裬ѩ鵱еĺĳϣλȨأ˳ϺҲǾԲʧȥһλߵġ
ҲǼΪģҪ֪žҪȥϺ󣬱
ʵϣȡʱȻ¶Ѿִﰲȫشˡ
߰ɣǻȥԮѩǰ㣡
ţ
˶Ѿ׼ϣĿ㣬û˿ԥÿһ˴˿̶̬
ݣ
ӰͽȻǰ˻ͷЩ˶־״
Ͷٽ
¿׳
ǣôˣ
ȻǰԮİͶٺͰ¿кֹǧٶȾˣ;ڰ¿ǿʵѹ֮Ҳնɱ˼ֻڵħûѶٹ򣬱ǵִ
Ȼʶ¿׳ǶֵĺܣЩԱҲǶ˹ͷ
ȻЩ˵УͶٺͰ¿׳ûпӰΪҲǾȲѡ
˵ϻˣأ
Ͷ˵
ͶٽҪȥ֧ԮͱѩˣֻǻħԿ
ֻ
һԵİ¿׳üͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼô²


1619 
ʯͷˣѩ˺Ы֮ĶԿѾ˰Ȼĳ棬ѩ˳ɹնЫӵһβͣҲǽЫӼĿ
֮еƶͲǰλȫս֣ǽҲаһɱ
Сӣڵôô࣬Ȼʩչף
ʯͷȻڵ̺ȥһߡ
Ҳò˶٣ʯͷ˿ɲǸս׵ľ綾ЫӣĿǰʵܶ࣬ǳ޷ֿסôá
Ȼӵȴ͸һɼĹâͶԷȥΪѾоƺҪ
ݡ
һӰӺ˸ԭ㻹䣬ôɵ˸ϽܵҪ֪ûг֣ȻܵһǿڽӽʱҲǲɾϲ
վڰͶԣһ׼װֻǼϵľεȼЩ̫ףƺǱȰͶٽҪ߳١
ΪϽϵľ
㣡
¿ҲǽĿͶ㣬о֮ɫҪ֪ߵӦģһ֮ԿʯͷˣҲΪͣҪ֪նɱޣȫֱ¿ǰٰæµҲȻǹۿǳ
ʵܶԸħ㲻ˡ
ȻŹ˶ãȻܹסǻħĹˣʯͷ˵ʵǻħжǲġ
аţǴ¡
㳯Ű¿ͷ˵ȥԸһֱҪóѣ
㣬㣡֪˭
Ͷ˵Сӵǲ֪ߵغѵôã׳Ƭû
㻹ûйע׳¶Ҫ֪ǽħжͲȥܲܲУҲûĴϹҿĻǽϵƬҲȻа¿ġ
ɾڣû
޷˵Ķԣһֱͼı죡
¿ȻЩ죬֪ǽҪͷûй˼Ȼƶ
ģЩˣȻӵļƻˣ
ƶ
ֶˣû뵽ûԸǣ
ʯͷ˶ῴһЫǱߵսȻͷŪЫβȻ·磬ǰ¿̺˿ҪԸҲǲ⡣
㣬ĺܣЩ汾죬Ӧ
˵ʵǿˣȴǳѰ
ʯͷ˼ŸӦڵȻʱȴǾ
䡭
Ҳüͷ壬Ͷٵ˶ͣʲô״
֮Ĺһǡ֮ĹҪˣ
λǻħȵ
֮Ĺ
¿ҲǾ㵣Ϊ׳ȻҲ֪ġ
֮ĹʮſһΣЩȥɣҪң
ЫӱѩնЫβʩչ֮ɳĮȥ
λǻħҲһ
һʱ֮䣬ֻħȫɳĮȥ
׳ǺãЩħȫˣǡ֮Ĺʲôأ
Ͷʵ
׳
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֮ĹдŴ㣬ڰţᣬ㲻ܴҲȥ
¿ҲǼ
ţ
û˿ԥӰʸһɳĮ
ѩ˿źЫħľУķ̫˿̣¿ĿҲǿѩû뵽ϹͷȻƴлչĽʿ
¿ô˵ҲһչԱģô
ѩ˵οĲǸţЩ棬ǿӽ쿪ʼҪˣ
ްպ죬ʱ˵Ҳ롮֮ĹɣܵõҲǲ
¿˵Ͷ٣Ͳ³˹˵ϿȺ棬ûдɳĮ֮гǱʹ˻ȥ
׳
˹ˣҲһ
ǰ
Ӱǰ˲ʧ

׷ֻħɳĮϵġ¡һǿңûмǡ֮Ĺôһ£˿ֻ׷ֻħ
Ƕǽˡ֮Ĺģǣд
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һٴ𣬶ʱ涼ڰθߣϵĻɳȻһ˲֮䲻֪ˡ
ͣΪʶ̽ǰֻħѾʧȥӰ
ѵѾˡ֮Ĺ
һֱڰθߣҲڵ֮ϣ˫𣬲Ѱֻħ䣬Χôһ¡
Ƭ֮˫֪ˣ⡮֮ĹӦһǿĿռʥѹֻħһֱƬɳĮԭ⡮֮ĹǸƬɳĮ֮ϵһռʥ
ΧӦöǡ֮ĹķΧڣĹػûгγɣ
ΧһƬ¡죬ҲЩڴռʥжôǿ󣬾ȻŴ˵ʵȻ
ֹͣθߣҲͽȻ棬һ޴ǴȴǴ˳ĹǴ̣һСĵĻ¾ҪЩǴ̴
һǴ֮ϣܣΧޱ߼ʣܼ֮ϵĹǴ̣񣬶ҰңһΪ޴ĹǴбʮȽǲڵ֮ϣɭֲ
㣡
ӰԶ˸Ǳѩ˺Ͱ¿׳϶ҫâĿľǱЩǴ̵Ĵ̹
ʲô֣
ʱûУ϶һռʥ
˵
µûȷ޾ԭһλµʥܣ
¿˵ھо֪ǰһλʵļһֳʥǳܽԭⲿӴ˾ûٻ
˵Уλǿ߽ɳĮУγһ֮ĹĹѨУλǿ߱Уܹõλǿߵİ崫УʵܹûлôУ⡮֮ĹУҲܵõͬߣ
¿˵
ѩ˵¿ԭǾлд˷أҪǾʽˣĻܶϣ鶼ȱأ
ڵȫҾУѩǲĻҵʱܹιһ
¿Ц
Ц̸֮УҲ˵Сģ
֮ϣȻħһ֣¿ͱѩҲ֪ЩǴֵģֻǸоϵĹǴƺһЩ
Ӧǹޣ
ЩǴγɵĹޣÿһǴʵ϶һֻޣЩû壬ûֻ꣬־
˵


1620 崫
¿ͱѩ˶㱨ԾĿ⣬û뵽Ȼֹ޶ʶ㲻Ǹţʶ㣬ǲֹ֪Ǽʶ㣬Ҫ֪統кεħûϳϡ档
¿˵ȻЩֻ־ĻֻҪݻǵ־ܳɱǣҲѣ
ǰһֻֻǴ̱öɵĹȺħ裬ֻһ޴ĹǼܣ֮⣬Ȼܹͨ־ܵ˵Ĵڡ
ǳ˳
ɱ
ѩ˵
γɵԽԽ࣬ҲǸΪս˵УʵԸǰЩҲǴ´࣬û˺ˡ
˼ǰȻǰǰ͵ıΧǴһĹǴȴҲȻûֻӴ󣬶Ƽ׺

¿˫ȭƣĵУȻֻȥ
䣡
ֻһǼȴȻɢȻѾ
޺ΣӦñҪǿϺܶ࣬¿Ǿпأ
ûûжֹרżأͷ޵ȷΧĹҪǿܶ࣡
¿һƽ˼֣Žǹɱ֪ǹ޵
ֻӦʮ־ԲŻǿ
˵
㣬ǺԼõģ
ѩʵ
֮Ĺʮ꿪һΣЩǴ̱Щ޵γɣɳĮУֻǻħʵҪնɱЩ練ƣңҹ۲ˣЩǱɱеһǵ֮ԹʹãҲ˵նɱЩԽ࣬ʵǿľԽ죡
㲢û˵ٻոնɱЩ޵ʱһֱڹ۲ŵ֮ı仯Ȼյ࣬ΧĹ޺ǧȫۼҲٵʵ뵽ֻǻħ⡮֮Ĺûеõ崫ȴҲвĻȻָɱЩ޶ʵ
Ȼ⡮֮ĹĿʱޣرյʱ⡮֮ĹϱȻʣ಻ٹޣЩ޾ͻ۵´Ρ֮Ĺʱ֣ǵ־ǿҲʮ꣡
˵
¿Ҳͷ˵ûնɱֻޣԸоսеնɱҪһЩ⡮֮ĹӦûžʮ꣬һٶ־ǿȵĹޣնɱǺյҲԽ󣡡
ţ֪ĻӦǰСӶ⡮֮ĹУٶҲܼӿ첻٣
ѩ˵
ûô򵥣⡮֮Ĺ޴ޱȣҵʶ޷̽ȫºգ
˵
Īǣֻǻħ⡮֮Ĺʧˣ׷ǵĻп⡮֮Ĺİڡ
Ȼǰͷʮ־ǿȵĹޣһһֻȫ
ѩ˺ȵ
ǰͷ޴Ǽܴӵ֮Ӵ˻
û˿ԥ׷ʩչֻɱ
ʮĹޣӦǳ
ȻȴȻиΪǿĹޣһֱЩ޾ȥ˷ʱ䡣
Ȼղ˵Ҳǿп޵ġ
ϾٶѾˡ
㣬ȥѰֻħｻˣ
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ͷŲһ㣬ӰȻɳȥкǹ֮һƬȫ
ѩ˺Ͱ¿Դ𺳵ĿǵӰʧķ
һ·񱼣û˿ǿİٶĹҲûֱ֮ӱĹȥʶҲѾֻܹܵħĴˡ
ţǱߣ
һ˹ȥ
·ϣǹ޵ĹǼ䣬ȻǱֻħɱħӰ
ǰ
ߣСӾȻҲ׷ˣֻǿϧĹصĹĻѾûʱ任
ֻħȫǰ׵λãǿȥܼȣ㡣
һɫĹĻȻƴŵĴڣֻһɲǣֻħȫĻ
Ļ˸˲䣬ֻħȫʧ
ǽ롮֮ĹĴţֻҪܽУͲˣУ
ȵ
ûƬԥҲǽĻ֮С
һ޴Ļƽ𹬵ޱݻӶȫûƽɣӲһ㣬Ǿ޸ޱȣ˵ҲмʮɣȻȺӴħסĻٺʲ
ڿУϸ۲ܣһɭϢ˷죬Ȼ⹬֮УҲѰ
Ҫ֪¿ǰ˵⡮֮ĹԭһλڵǿߵһʱʥӦþƬɳĮʥһޱǿĶֽսʤȻλǿˣˣĻʱʥƬɳĮС
ÿʮ꿪ʱЩǴҲͲΪԹ֮ûɹޡ
ޣûûлǣֻ־Щ־Ҳλǿ߸ǵġ
ƽ𹬵ӦþǱʱʥеľڣܹܳΧЩǽ֮ϵĳ֮Ȼϡš
˷ʶ̽û˿⣬Ȼֻħ⹬Ǹɢ˭Ҳ˭һ·ɱУҪѰǰ崫С
ֻħУʯͷ˶ʵΪǿȻ̫롮֮ĹЩʱ䣬Ӧûָ߰˰ˣƶûкķʵݶԸֻЫͱѩ˶ѽѷ֣ؼնЫβʵ˲٣뵽һȻ׷Ыߵ·ˡ
۷źʯͷһս̫Ȼָ٣ҪٶԸֻħȻ㣬ȽͷЫӽ
ٶȣͷЫԶ߱ɱŹеһЩޡ
Щ޲ħ޵һЩ־д
ЫǰмֻûлǵϬţЩϬţЩ޵Ҫǿ٣оȻ³
ЫԸҲǺķ˲նɱǰޣȵСӣѾúʱˣ
Ը㣬õ͵Ϯô
ž͵ϮҵЫβҲҪùͷնЫβڹĻ⣬ѽɱ
ֻǿϧҪɱˣ
ȵҪ֣ȴͻأĸоֻħȻ߳
ȻƶԼʯͷ˶ᡣ
ֻħת˲Χĺ󷽡
һʱ䣬㾹Ȼֻħл
СӣѾĻ֮󣬱һȽնɱߣΣ⡮֮Ĺеİ崫ҲԲ˵У
Ыȵ


1621 
ħ˴Уʱ̲Ҫԭⲿħȫնɱħ뷨ҲһģһȻ˶ħһȻƣǿ磬ڵĽ磬ħƻģǻħǲ綼޿κΡ
ȻħҪɱ˵̬Ϊͻأʱ̲ռȫնɱ֮Ĺеİ崫УȻǼġ
ֻҪõǰ崫УȻܹͳƬɳĮ
ʱܽĽƽҲ˵һ
ħĿġ
ʹʯͷ˶覴СҲ֪崫䵽ǻһֻħԸ㣬Ҳ֮٣Ψнɱȷ崫вС
ֶԸô
ϵǴݵĺܣʵʯͷ˴ԭƶʱҪɱԼȻЩ鷳Ҳû˿¡
ǵСӵףǿ
ʯͷ˼ɵ
ûģһҪ֮أ
Ҫβͱն֮𣡡

Ҫ±Ӱɣ
һȵϽţֻħȫĴԭأ㲻ܶ
˯о
ؼʱ̣㽫˯о˳ӰҲʧԭأһ·񱼣Ҳǰֻϧ˯оȴʱ䣬ĻʹõĻֻħ޷Ϊۡ
ĿǰʵûСİ֮£ԸһֻħֻħֶԸǶȻеġ
⣬⹬󣬵ֻħѾӳ˯ѹٱסһս
ա
ȻʶѾֻ̽ħޱȷŭĳԼ߳
ʲô
ǰǽϵһȴЩ
ңǽҲܵĻƽǽȫͬһƬɫɫǽϴ͸ϣЩůС
Сӣǿǵڶα汾סˣٺ٣Ǿ·㻹ܷ˯֮ѣ
ȵ
ʯͷӵĲмΪˣôʱ䣬첻ʬΣҾͲжᣡ
ֻħڣȴһǹģ˯о
һϱŷǱǳ˯оˣֻħȻŵñ۾벽Ȼȵ۾ʱʧ
ôܣǾ·滷ǽСѣ
ǰܰϵϢȫʧˣͺһ
ûע⵽һʼǰǽɫģһһâ
ᣬ˼Сӽǽ֮У

ֻħ¶ʩչٵǰǽȻ벻ǣǰİǽޱȼ̣˺޷
СӶȻǽ˰ǽ֮Уѵʲôô
ĵ
Ǿ⹬֮غţСӳ̽ɱлҲһɳ죡
ȵ
˿̣ЫƺһЩ˵ߣͷ;ϴѾĻˣߣȽɱˣ

ֻħ۵˲ɫǽ֮Уֻħͨʶ̽⣬ܸӦɫǽڵĺǱжġ
ƬСҲĪû죬ûеأһƬڰڻ֮УΧûй֮ݰȴ˸еӵĿ־塣
ޱȼᶨһеĻ¶Ҫŵûǰȥˡ
ʲôطʶﶼ޷̽⣬û⣬۾ĿɼҲǵ͵ĿǽڵУһȷѡ񰡣
㻹нУĿģСصߵʱһͷ
ৣ
ͻأģ֮Уһ׹֡
ҫˣ㲻̧ͷգǰ׹֮Уһĳ
ɳȻֻħԴɳĮ
ɳĮ룬һУֳʥֳһҫĶƣĿ㣬Զ
ĪǽɳĮǿߣһʥһܣһ
㰵
׹ӰõƬһţ˵Ŀ۽ܿһֻޱӴħ
Ŀ⣬ֻħʮɣҪ֪ЩǻħҲʮɸߣʯͷ˵߱Сˡ
ȿ࣬һǰҲͬһֻһˡ
Ȼ˿̣浱УǸĿ棬ȻһȻȻ׳˶θȻħ¡
ܾȻܽ׳ȷʵ
㰵
㾿ǺˣȻԴɳ򣡡
ħһ
ξ޴嶼̺޵һ㣬ֱϼⷢﵽţһ˫ţ۰׳ǰˡ
޾ԭΪ˳Խǿߣеǰ·ҶҪȫˣɳ޾ԭеصش˵ɳһֻħޣؾˣ
˺ȵ

ûˣ
һ
Ȼף˴Ϊ˳ԽǿߣҲ룬ˣеܣʵҲ˵⡣
⡮֮ĹʵĶɺϡ
ִ磬ѰΪڤ統еħҪħ⿪ʧȥټ֮ʱȴû뵽￴
Ȼ浱еӵޱǿʵӦڰпǿߣ¿ͱѩǰ㲻ʲô
ʵֱնɱֻǻħ
ߣһʱͽһԭⲿǻħնɱֻˣΪһ᲻֪ĴôҾ˵ıޣȻҪնɱңǲܵģ
޺ȵ
ߣ
һʥѾǱޣЯƣսһ顣
һʱ֮䣬ɳĮɳӶӵƯһɫȫ˽ơ
ȳ
޾ԭеһʥս
һһսңûκƣǱ޸ǿ󣬱𶾵ںʹЩ಻ԡ
Ҫ֪ħǻħһϵġ
֮Ĺ
еܻâʱеĻɳȫƸѹȥһ޴ĹظɳĮ֮ϡ
ռʥû뵽㵹ɱУ
⡮֮ĹУҪ߱ɱ
һһ޶⡮֮ĹС
⡮֮ĹΪ˹󣬺Ϊλİ
ҲǷĻƽ𹬵У޷ܵǽм磬ҲǱȫ
һ̣Ȼֹ
ǵ׹ҲѸʧ
ͺڹ翴AVʱͻȻĸܣ¿Ļᶼûˡ
Сصعڰû˿⡣


1622 
ŵһжʵģΪԼһ㣬ΧڰһƬûй
ţ֪ͱһսˣֻвл긽ϣܸܳҪԽǿߵ뱻жôʹģ
ȫӡܵУ
Ȼսȥ
űۣ
ҡ
ڰУԭ죬ȻʱȴǴһ죺֪Ϊαռ䵱ô
Ӧǲоɣ
Ӧ
ҵһоǱӡסģϢޱϤ
ʲô֣ҲǴ
ʵ
㣬۴һģ
һ磿
û㣬ȻЦȻǿ߾类ΪͺڰҳΪİʱֿٳ޾ԭ벻ȻһһҲֻ׷Ӱ棡

ûаëǮϵҲȷǾǿ߿ٳģĻ㶨ȻܹӦģȻԻûнͣϾʵľڻ˵Ҳ긽ϣĻܷҲûʲô˼Ϊǿܰɣ
˵ûдͱһսˣħȷǿ˹Ҳشôȥˣָ֪ûУ
˵
㶼֣ħʵˣ
ͷ
ţ⡮֮ĹУʵϻǱʵȻˣǽɱ˶ӣ
˵Щ֮ĹÿʮɳĮпһΣЩ޶Ǳд־ģħ⡮֮ĹУǶҪô˵еİ崫УǴδ뵽ôܻᴫиһֻħأ
ȷ㲻ˣҲʵ࣬ħ಻죬Ҳ顣
ܹӦ㱻ֻǻħΧ£ƾĿǰӦԽɱģ
һȷʵУ
ûгǿҲûҪǿ
ţܹʶԼʵǺ£̫ΪֻҪҵǿߣܻû뵽ɳУǺڱУ
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˵㣬̫죬ϾȻôัоϣ֮š⡮֮ĹеΨһ࣬ӦҲǴģİ崫ҲӦø㣡
ң
˵
ţȻľɢʥҲ׻٣ȴһʱʥܱ겻𣬵ȻҲֻ⡮֮ĹУȻûи㣬ܣȴܹߣˣоȭҲܴ㣬츳ʱᣬʱ򣬱ʵֻħĶ֣
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ˬĽһи㣬Ȼͼı
㣬㣬ֻҪӦ±У
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ԺʶУһ˱дȭĻò
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ȭȷʵǾף統УҲǶȭ
Ҫ֪ϣǲʹ統κġ
ȭֲܹһȱ

ƽ𹬵֮Уѩ˺Ͱ¿׳鷳ˡ
Ҳҵ빬еĹĻһԾ֮󲻾ñǱֻǻħֻ֣ǻħѳȥٴѡ
ĻҲӦġ
ϾϿȵУҲǳԹģûһλʵ
ȻԶȻʤȯա
ѩҪԸˣ
ߺߣôϹͷԴڴѩɽǺþûоչˣ
ѩ˺Ͱ¿Ȼ֪Ǹ鷳˶ûη塣
ߣͷһôĵı飬⣡
˵
㲻֪ټȽһնɱСӳɱ٣
ЫҲ˵ҲҪȱոձѩնЫβ֮
ʯͷѾһȳ֣ұȻӳ߱ȭͷѩˣܸ壬ѩ˱ǹӴƸĺ
ʯͷֻħΪǿģ¸סĹ
ѩ˺Ͱ¿ʵ࣬˵ʯͷҲûκʤ㡣
ʯͷԻֻǻħȻⳡս˼ȡʤ
䣡
ʯͷٴһȭֱӽѩ˵ıܻ飬ǡһЫӵһЫβֱӻбѩ˵ۣ˲¿ǿѪ߲ѩ
˺һˣһϹͷˣڿӦҪõ⡮֮ĹĴˣסʱ䣬Ӧþоˣ
ѩȻǿӲʵֻħûκΰ취
䣡
¿Ҳ˲䱻ֻħֻڵأ֮ϣ˵ѪԣΪʵеĺĳԱ
ȻǴʱģޱǱġ
ȿȣ¿û뵽һһ̫ûˣ
ߺߣѩΪԸһôǾѾţѽ˦Ϊ׳Ƿ޵ģڵá

ͬʱЦ˳
ֻħΪȣЩ⣬ѵǾĲôȻЦ
ߣͷұҪ˿̱β֮𣡡
ЫȻȵ
˦һЫβΪļֱܹӽѩ˴û뵽ʱͷѩıȴٴ
󣬱ѩ˺Ͱ¿ͬʱ֣˵Ыӵβ棬һһЫβٴնˣ
ͷˣҪˡ㣬ֻϧСӲͽܰ
ѩԴź̾Ϣ


1623 ȭ
¿ҲʹȫȫٷֲĿȻ͸һɾ˵İƺҪƴһ̡

ʯͷ˺ȵȻЫӣʱЫӻɵһԷնβͣǲòпһħ綼һĶѰ
ɣ
ʯͷ˺ȵ

˿̣СصеȴһȭԱ˵Ҫϰܾã־ͨ໪似ǿ˵Ѵ֮
һȭȻǿɫǽھȻֱӻ޴ĺ¡ֻħ
ʯͷ˱ҪӳȥȭͷȻֻͣħǸó˯о˾վڲԶ֪ΪʲôǾһǽڵг֮ϱЩԾˣ
ѾûʲôˣϽСɱ
ʯͷ
㣬ҪСģ
ѩ˺ȵ
ЫӺͬʱ֣ʣµЫβͬʱһӴֱӳײȥ
֪
ͽȻһɾȻƣ¡һȭȻӳȭͷз·һ˱ܵӰӰֱӺ顯һȻһȭɳȥ
Ҳӣ
ЫӵЫβ˿̸ķ磬һȭɣҲŵûҪ֪ЫβҪǱץסĻˣ
ȻӲ㲻ӵ
ЫβȫץסһЦԭʶȤ㣬ЫβҪɱ㣬ҪһЩ£ȥɣ
ɱң
ЫӸʹ꣬ЫβȫնϣȻΪʧڹ֮С
ˣ
ƶȫԼ۾
ʵڸոձɵһ̣ѾʼԼǷˡ
ôܣôһȭԼɡ
ǰ崫еô
ʯͷ˶ȵ
ֻħһ㶼ѹУ߾Ӧ̭棬ǿ߲ͳ硣
ȻЫӺбߡ
ŶĴ֮ĹǲҪõˣ
㿴ȥ赭д
֮Ĺѵõܣ
¿롣
ѩҲǵͷӦǵģСӿȥ߲٣ƺйأ
ʵ㻹ûʲôֻȭҲܹĿǰȥ
ոѧֻгȭϤȵĻܷӱȭ
мȭ屶
߼ȭʮ
ת˲ʦĳţܹʹȭŷʮ
Ҫ֪֪ʦһȭʽϿľеʱǽеһ˿ʶһп㣬ԺʶУҲܸܵԭҲԶŻˣѹ츳֮£Ҳֻ׷Ǿǿˣһеȵһĳֵģ
ӵŶʮȵ㣬һȭɣҲġ
ҪСңᣡ
һ
ûбŵΪܲ˶ıٴȫײȥ
һ
ȫΪǿײȥЫӶҪƿԶ
һûʹȫԣһҪɱ
˵㲻֪
ȭһһ˵Ӱ
䣡
ôܣ
ʯͷӵľ
Ӵ壬Ȼһȭˣ
¡
׹ڵϣ۾죬Ƭ֮󣬾ȻǺ۾
Ȼˡ
һ
һȭ࣡
Ǳضڣ仰˵ͱɱ
ʯͷЩվסˣܹõǽ֮֮󣬾ͱһһˣ
ȭͷôܱǿ
Ǿ˵ӰʲôȻԼҪǿ׳
壬ħ֮ʯͷ׳˶ϳԿ
ȭӰһֻڶʮɴСľӰ
ҪӰʯͷ˶Щ̫ˡ
㻹֣Ҫȳô
Į
ʯͷ˷һֱ˼ʵڱһ˵һŭΪɱǾͺֻˣ
ʯͷ˵ӰȻ㣬Ǵ׳ȭͷȭӰ㣬߲ӣȭ
䣡
ʮɴСľӰҪʯͷ˶һ
һֻһ죬ⶫһ첲ΪײٶϮȭͷӵľȣ߱Ҳͱһˣ
䣡
ʯͷ˵Դһȭ˻
ȭʯͷ˵
ѩ˺Ͱ¿г𺳣ܹ뵽㼰ʱǾû뵽ƣ
ȭͽֻǻħȫնɱ
죡
Сӣ׻ǲ˰
ʹ÷׭ˣ˳ˡ֮Ĺ˱ǾȵĿ⡮֮ĹȻ½
ǵĽŵȻһƬɳĮˣ֮Ĺƾʧˡ

˶һ޴ƽıУ¿Ծܣ㣬Ȼĵõˣ
ţܣλǿ߾Ѿˣ
ǲӣ벻ܵõǿߴУˣֻħɱˣҲʱȥˣ
ɳĮ֮Уֻǻħȫһطǿ˵ĿûƬ̣ǳ׺˹
׳
ǰ
磡
˿̣һӲԶ
Ƕ˲ţ˽ɳĮ֮ʱǱ㲻˻ȥ벽
ȵ˳֣ҲѸٸ
ã˵ǵõĥأɱɣɱʹ죡
¿ȵ
ͱѩ˵Ȼûȫԭķ׭ؼ֮һܹǵٻָ
ͷŸԲ³Щħɱ¾
ڿУȫƿأȷûһ
ʮӣٶͷħɱ¾ɾ
ҲǴӿһ˷ܵ磬̫ˣЩħҾȻܺǿ⣬Ȼ֪ڰаȻúˬ
ԱҲǿĵĺܣҪ֪ЩħУǳħʵ˵ȻҪǿġ
ܹɱЩħɻǵĴ
㣬ովһұǷģ
ű˲㱻һֻħɱؼʱ̾
ȻƽʱԸ㣬ȴ˲٣Ҳˣ˿̬ת䣬Ҳ֮С
ûʲôһŶеģ
ͷ
ţ㣬㲻Ľѩڻԭд󣬲Ҳǽܲպܿ뿴ϣ
ջ󣬱ѩҲǵͷã¿ұǰܲ


1624 ͷ
ܲ
˶ڽȴ
ǲǶΪ˽ģǰ¿׳
һ֮ϣ֮µȨ
Ȼһ˼ȵţվû׳Ҫ
Ȼ˱⡣
Ŀس̶ȾǺ׳¿ȵģҪ֪ϧ֮ˣοȾƷš
ˡðֱԣǱǻħ綾ЫץסģҲΪǻл·׳ǰȥӪȣʵȻܹӦ綾ЫӣǻԭⲿħȺ˭֪᲻ٴֻǻħʱ򡭡
޶ϽЩֻ˵
ܲУʣ׳Ȩġ
˵ǶҲΪ
׳ˣôȻҡ
ȻҲԼƶȣֻҪ֪׳ٸʱ֮󣬱Ͻһٴѡµ׳ҲΪþܵҡ
޶˵⻰ʲô˼׳ô
һλϽŭ
¿׳Ƕǳ𾴵ˡ
ϢŭҲֻǾܰˣãھҪʱѡһλ׳ʱǰ¿׳ʲôĻλѡ׳ֱӶȥⵢʱ䣡
Ҫ֪ʱޱҪǼӿ׷ԱĲ
޶Ͻ˵
ʹʹɫԵϿΪ޶ϽĲȫ֧Ͻ˵Ķԣȫ֮Ʋ߰
Ͻ޶˼ˣҪ֪ڻڵ鵱УȻǰ¿׳ȻԲ˶ߣǰ¿׳ûлô˭޷Ʋˣ
޶޿ɾҩ
˵ȨԣҪô
ޣαӣ˵ѵͲϲȨôѵԸڰ¿ôҪ֪ǾΪλᱻȥΪûһϸ쵼ô
޶Ͻʾһϸ쵼ߣ
ҵ˾ܲ׳һ꣬ǱԽ鳹ױȥ
޶Ͻȵ
޶δҲ̫˵ɣһ꣬ܽȥô
֮⣬һ
׳׳ˣ
ʿϲ⡣
޿Ŵ߽㣬ͶٺͰ¿Ҳ¶ϲɫű޶ŪҲǺת
ˣһЩİףȻѩϼǿıѩϢġ
˾Ȼܲǿٵͷһɣ
޶Ͻٴң˫عһּ־Ǵ߽Ӱ
Щ˿ҲƺĲײĲᣡ
׳

¿Ҳǳ˻֣޶ղ˵һ仰ҺܲͬΪʲôһҪΪǾһҪˮأ㿴˭
ѩˣ
ϽȻϵĳ
ѩĲǺʿɳһնɱٶͷħûһȥϲʡΪǱ˴ÿ춼У
¿˵
⡭
޶Ͻֹ˵ܣԱȺۣῴǾʿ
޶ˣͷβǶûпǣֻͳ㣬ͳʿǰͶٻǰ¿ܾһĻԭ֮ã
ѩ˵
Ҳ˵Ա¿׳Լ㣡
޶ǴشΪ֮ĶԹԼΪȫĿôϣ㵲סʱշ籩Ҫ۽
Ͷٺȵ
ʦҲˣһֱҷƵѵҳΪ֮ܡҳȷҲܱģеıˣҲǿ١
Ͽ˵
˿̣޶Щȫһ
ĳҲòϤ޶Ͻ˶ϧһ¿˵޶ڿ֪
޶֪޶Իͷԣ޶Ǿ֮ˣ׳ɣ

ʱ̣¿类һ㣡
ôδһλϽʲôͷ
ΪÿһλʿǾϸѡٲѡΣӵнϸ߾Σ
ϽС󣬰¿Ҳᵥѵȫ֪ġ
޶ⷸµʵ̫ˡ
޶һģҲΪε̫ˣʵϣ޷ʤϽһְһ㣬ԼҲҪ̼֣
¿˵
ѩվڱϣҲǼ侴¿Ϊһ˴˿еľᡣ
׳㿴ңȴľ㣬治ˣң
޶˵
ϲľֹһĻˣ¿ƺҲʶǰʹ޶űѩ˵Ա뿪
Ȼֵڣ뿪֮󣬱˵㣬ȥ̫ʹǼһﰡҪ֪Ǻһ˺ܲҵģ
¿ִģҲϲϹģ
˵
ѩЦһڻԭ溰ͷˣھȻֱ׳֣ǵ죡

ЩԱҲЦ
ҲһЦǵñѩܲ鿴һЩϵģҲ˳·˼ʿ鿴ϵĵط
ľȻֻ±ܲУѾʢˡ
һִͼռżֳǹеʿĿһɨ㣬ҲǼΪ
㣬㣬㾹Ȼӻԭˣ
Ȼе飬Ѿ벻ʿС
ЩͼݾһϵʿȻһ
Щǣ
Ա¿Ѿͬˣ
˵
Ա
Ǹܵѩɢŵļǿıѩ֮Ҳܲµó˭ȻҲ»£̴󿪷֮š
ҲǵһͼУﵹûмˣĳԱڱѩ˵ȫɢȥˡ
ѩվ˵ұֻ˽λǿ߽ԭⲿ֮ģڿС֪ӦǱ鼮дĸϸ
ô
ʵ
ȻڵĴ˵ȻȤĺܣ
ѩЦ
ͱѩ˽һʱ򣬴У¿ȵ޶ҪʷΪһγͷ
Ҳڳλ˽ǣ޶ϽΥ棬䲻ε̬ʹþʿܵǣ
ң¿Ϊͳ죬޶ϽһְˣĵｫᱻҷϵⱲӶ̤벽

ڳϽһ£𾪣ȷʷΪһγͷ
Ͻ
޶ɷ
¿ʵ
޶һȻ˫Ѫϲ԰ףڵϵıȴ˲ֱͦ޶


1625 
޶ʱͱѩ˶ֳȻҲֳްȤ޶ϵҲǴÿλʿƺҪΪ䣬Ϣͱѩ˶ԣҲһЦ֮ƺûоǺ顣
Ͼ޶µĴʵ̫ˣˡ
ͱѩ˵˴ͼݳ֮Ǳ뵽Ӵȥˣ¿׳ûܵųʹ޶Ӱ죬Ȼɷѩǲ˼Ҫһرܣ
ţҲһʹ߲ӡЩ飬Ҷ׵ģοͼݵУСѾȫ֪ˣȷãҵĺ˰ɣ
¿ͰĿһۣ㣬˵ڻֻһ±ľֱΪΪնɱֻǻħʵǲ֪ν㣡
¿ΧĲϽúףÿδӻԭ۹ͣвٽģǰǣ֮ǰҲξİΪ㲻ͻأ
Ȼ㣬λ±
ЩΡ
ɣҶԽûȤ
ҡͷ

˵һ
ڳĺôҲвϽ˵ĻҪˤˡ
СӣȻ뵱
޺ͰͶĿⶼ֮ɫ
㣬˵Ŀģ뵱ѵ뵱׳
¿˵
ûе٩˼ֻǾκһʿҪʣľٶò̫
¿ҶԾһжûȤʵҲھٴȥˣ
˵
Ϊʲô
˶ȣԱҲǲ⡣
һҪȥɳһΣ
˵
Ҫȥ
ѩ˺Ͱ¿ͬʱ𾪣ֻǻħնɱˣ㻹ȥʲô
㣬㲻ɣֻħ
ͼǽ¼֪˱ѩˣȻҲûκ˼ΪҲܹܵеʶ¼ΪնɱֻޣѩҲȻ֪ġ
ħ
¿˵
ţȫΪҲǱ޽һ
㵭˵
϶֮ɫħǲ᲻ֻڴ˵еǿħ
˵ǻħǽӴļ˵Ļħڳ֮У˽Ӵˣ
ˣ
¿ʵͷ֮˿㻹нȻҪȥɳħƴҲգţǲƵģѡ񣡡
㣬Ժ󶼲طˣ
Ͷ˵
ʱĻȥģ
ûаѻ˵ʵϣ֪ԼʼҪص磬ļ԰
ȻֻҪܹͨ״⴩磬ҲǷǳˬһ顣
Ͷ۾Щ˭Ҳ޷뵽жصĽȻΪһ±Ѷ
Ҳź˵㣬Σ㶼ҫǶΪ㽾
޺ͰͶһֱھͦ㣬ȻڹӴλ֮ǴȻǳһˡ
¿ǿϧˣд־ˣܸоĿƺֻնɱֻħĺΰ뷨Ҳ̫
ţ㽫ȥʼһ棬ضܵ

ǳһߵ󷿵С
һȺ˺ӱı֮ԸΪŬܹлڵСһѧˡ
ΪǽڵãҪϼ²õڣû뵽ôͳˣ
ҲЦ⡣
ǵĴӢۣ᲻أκϵѧУõģҼ۸Żݵĺܣ
ŷҲ˵ûʲôҪܱѧһܵ飬
ĺѩҲɳϣһֱ԰Щƫܾðĺѩһ㣬˵ЩȥѧҲãܱȴڼ챻ĳЩŮ󵼵ĺã
ζŨ
㣬˵
ĺѩ˵
ѩģзִ磬Ҫ֪Ų٣ò˹ҲϲģǱϾ޾ԭЩҶҲ˽⣬ǸùٱĳЩŮҪõö࣬һԣ
Ůˣ᲻
ŷ˺׿˺ȵȵĵԲסˣŴʲô˼
Ů˱ǵ磬Ȼӱ仯ˡ
ɢһƣƾˣʹЩ˺Ƕֹͣ˱һֿ־ƽʱжޱỊ̇
ҲһĬȻ֪һֱƣȶûҪͷ
ȷǰ㣬ĺѩĽʱд⣬ûбֳŮ˵ԣ
ȻһΣ˺Ƕһ־ʱ򣬰ȴԭдķʽȻطȥ
ЩӣȻЦݡ
ţȽ㣡
ʮ˺ӶصУǵͷСӱϾСӣûоʲôǻصȥˡ
ȷǶغ÷֮󣬰ȲתԷ㣬һֱҶ㵱Դѣԣ˵ûϲҲϲҵģҲ֪Ϊʲô͵ˣ
ǰңҶӶΣ㾹ȻŵЩӣȥҶ֪ǻ᲻Σգ
Ȼһ˿գٺ˵һ̣Ҳսŭ
Ǻǰȵͷ⣬Լܵ˺ûϵ÷Żǣ
ŷ˺׿վڰԣΪȻֻƶƶһ˿ûУǴ˿̱ȴͦεĺܣй
ԣĺѩβѣǰͲֹһ÷㲻Ҫ˵ȴŴζͷӦºȴȻ԰ȣֱڿĺѩҲβѡ
ֳ棬ȻѾǰ԰Ҫ٣ĺѩ뿪ڣȴһʾĺѩҪȰ˵
ôСȣΪûȥĵϸ
ҿв鵽Ϊ˹㣬ȻϵС㣡
㹴㣬ͺ꾫к𣿻˼˵ϲϲôϲҲֻˣûаںŮˣΪ氮ЦˣˣҿǱ˽Ķ࣡
һ̱ɢȻǿŷ˺׿Ϊͨ˶ƸѹпɳˣȴȻһᶨһҲǿĺܣʹԼûбǹƸ


1626 
ܹ򶨣Ҳǳ⣬С椣ûκȻûбԼѹʲô˼ֵģ
ˣ㣬ιˣҪΪҳҲӦַʽֻǸͨˣ
ĺѩȵ
ϵҲɢ֮ĽҲ٣츳ʵѴλλ˿̵ƾȻܹѹס
ȻĿ֮£Ȳûܵ˺
Ⱥ֮飬֪Ҳϲ磬ǴǳݰˣԼĸожңҲһֱչңңһûκβףǣһԣ
ѩɵ椣ûһǺöģǳĺģοŮ˸Ͳ㣬ͷô
˵
Щ鱾δʼѾˣҺԵ޷֣ûа취飬統ѣԱ˴˶ã
УҲܿպڣС椹ˣҪɱ
ȵ
һ֡
ŷ˺׿ƺҪ֣嶼סˣڵĻᶼûС
飡
δ֣Ȼ˿̣ȴǻȻһҲǲƫпס壬ö
磡
ĺѩŴǸˣһȣû뵽Ȼ㣬Ҫ֪ղѾֹˣ㻹ǿһ

ҲǾϲ
һֱֵĶ㣬һֱڵȴİ˹
ӵеȫˣӾܲٸԭΪܰģϾô˺ӣȴû뵽˿µһĻ
ŻҪΪĺѩ򱧲ƽûɱ֮ģҪʹѵ
Ȼ뷨㿴治ģȣŮˣ
ˣûˣ
վڰԣ㱳ʾĿԭҲڵʱôϲ԰ȣǵС㣬ֻһˣ֪ΪʲôСô
ŷ˺׿˶䣬Ҫࡣ
Ϊŷ˵ܵܵĲ״ûǮ˵ޱȰҩˮȷɵ
ȣ㾹ȻΪˡ˵ôǮҩˮأ
ûãȻ㵱ʱ;ˣ

ȥˣҲҼãûкڹԼľ
˵
˵ңһ̣Ͳſˣ¶ֵ쾡¡
ڿ˵ƻҵĸ飬ôγǣ
㣬㣬֪ʲô
ˣô֪ģ֪İ
ߣȥ棡
ȵ
Ҳһ׷㵽ԺӵУĺѩͰҲ˳ȥ
ʲô
ŵܣҫˡ
ԭأĿɿڴ˵ܣʥһӲĶ㣬ң
ģ㷽飬ʵ̫ҷŭˣΪһбҪô
㽫÷һ¡
еʶҲ̾Ϣһ㣬û뵽Ȼ˴š
㣬Ҫ䣬ԴʧһҵľһֱûƽҷҪҵôڷ﹬ƴΪ˵Ȼһһ죬ҶҪˣ
ǵģûв´ҵȷƻ֮ĹϵҰˣҺమ㣬Ұɣ
˵
ޱ飬û˿ڵ˼
ȺĺѩպóҲǸϽܵǰȣǽողãƫ̻ѩû㣬Բ𣬱ǸԭңĻҾ޷֪ˣ
Щܳû뵽Ǹ
ȳĬˣѩã˵˵ɣҸոֻҪѵȶѣûɱ˼˾ֱڿˣ
ĺѩҲû˵
ҪҰѾҵˣҪǶԭҵĻ㲻ҵģ
˭
ʵ
ҲǸطҵİˣİһһҪҵ
İˣ
Щš
ĺѩҲ˵˵ģŮˣŵģˣ
ţǵ߲㣬ҺమҪң
ش̹Ȼ
ðɣԭˣףҵİ֮ˣ
˵
ĺѩ𺳵УȫȻû뵽ȻֹϵѹôҪҵ
㣬ѾԭˣϽҰɣ
֪䣿
˵
ƴͷ
Ҳʧأ
㵭лٴν˳
ģֻҪҵҾͲʧ
ȥɣ
ܱУľĿ֮£Ժ뾹ȻγһĹأ
ĹغɳеһģһģȴСֻ̫࣬ɱ֮һС
ܱͿСʮɷ㡣
⡭
ĺѩͰ˶֡
Ȼʶܣȴû뵽ǬԺӵе֮ĹĿ𾪣澹Ȼ
ǹޣ
˵ѾҪˣǹĻɣ֮ܿ
ǹĻ
Щ£еļ˹ǣ֮Ĺ֮УҲ˲С˲٣Щ޳Ĳûйͺһ㣡
ԼҲЩĪܸоľһĻǰܲȥˡ
ʧ֮ĹУĺѩҲ˵磬ľô
ţѾˣʶĹصУȻܿ
ˣ
ĺѩЩȡ
Ҫ֪統ǺεӢˣһ֮ϣ֮£ȴû뵽޾ԭⲻ˸оϧ
ȻʶȻЩź֮ɫҲ˵ϣܹʵ
ţʵҪһ棬ҲΰɣΪҪ׷Ͼǿ߲޾ԭģû뵽ȴǱɳеıɱһҪԭļ΢΢ֻܽʶ֮ڣ
˵
֪֪飬һʹֱڿ֮ˣҪ֪ˣ»ܲס
ĺѩҡҡͷ
˵ûУѾ
ûнʶ빬УûôҪ͵˵̸ݣڱϾҲܹܵеһЩġ
ãĻгһӰǷϡܹſ޵滨ģ㣬㽫ĹɣҾˣҪ⹬У


1627 ܴ
Ⱥĺѩһȣ飬ҪһӶ⡮֮Ĺô
ˣҿɲĵ֮Ĺ򿪣ͳģ
˵
ţƽ𹬵ʶһ죬۳ɻ꣬ȻһУҪʱ䣬Ҫõʱ䣬Ը
ĺѩͰȣλãһֱҵĴҲӦǰ̱ѾҵİˣףҲҸȥ
һջģ
㣬лҵ䣡

ӰһʧڹĻС
ʱ̫죬ðȺĺѩδü˵ĻǿҲұۣǸԺӵеġ֮Ĺʧԭء
һ貵ĶƸڿС
磬ǡ֮ĹУ
Σգ޾Ĺ¶ʶ飬Ҳ̫µ
˵
Ⱥĺѩ΢΢ͷидԺ·ߣϾѡ
Ź󣬰Ⱥĺѩ£ŮҲĬһĿ㣬Ҳ˵ǲµûҪˣ
ô죿
Ƕɻ
Ȼ֪ȻܻһֱУû뵽ôҪߡ
ԭⲿһطһֻޱǿħұնɱ
Σô
ðɣֻħɱʵ
ͷ
ĺѩͰȿ赭дģȴȻǵ˼նɱǱޣұģǷģ
ǣֻħǰǿ磬аô
ĺѩʵŵͷҲǲ˵ʲô
û˷ĺѩҲһ˶ԻصС
һԣСˣұ۾˯ȥΪʱѾˡ
ţҪˣһʱ򣬱뿪磡
ڰȶͷһ£Ǵ߳䡣
峿ĺѩҲպվԺӵУƺڵȺ㣬ԣͷ𣬶ĺѩǾ˺ܶһ㣬磡
ţ
ͷ
Сĵ㣡
ֹĺѩվ֪˵ʲô
ͷĺѩ˵ʲôƵã˲ʧԭء
磬Ҳܴ뿪
ĺѩԭ
޾ԭѾûκˣϦദķѾѡʶжһݹ¼š
СⱾһޱȹ¶ĵ·
ֻǣҲϣ·ϣܹһ·ĳţ

ܲ׳칫ҵС
˴Žȥ¿ڰ칫кͱѩۺˣʲô飬ô
׳ǱϢˣ
ʲôϢ
˶ͷϵĽļ
峿Ѿ뿪ˣ
һ뿪ˣĸ򣡡
ԭⲿ
¿ͷʾ뿪Ѿ֪ˣ
¿СӵٶȿǳǵأȻô͸ϸɳ򣬿¶Ҫɱֻħˣ
ţȻ֪С־ᶨû뵽Ȼô죡
¿ҡͷԭһȰȰСӸı⣬û뵽Ȼǰˣ
ûõģҪȰĻͲˣ
ѩ˵ڵħûȷеϣĪ⣬ʵ֪治֪նɱǷǾһ
ţǾɳ䣬ǿʧ
ѩ˵ĶԣһϣҲҪȥֹ
ߣǽ봫󣬽£
˽봫󣬺ܿԭⲿ
Ȼȴǿԭⲿħʬ壬Ȼ֮ǰһλΪǿĸֽնɱˡ
һô
վȥɳ򣡡
ź֮ʣһǹȴһһӰ£̧ͷһۣ㡣
ϼһô
ЦһʵижģϾҲ¿ͱѩĿģǺĺѩһԼɳΣա
һۣҲǾԲȰˣѩ˵㣬֪˵ʲô㶼ǻȥģҲĶ֣ҲգȻҵͽܣҲ뿴ɳ
ܱ㴫иɣ
ܣ
û뵽ѩ˾ȻʱҪܴиԼ
ԼãҽܵĿעüĵУúýգ
ѩ˵
˫ֻһѩֱ֮ӻüģûзԺѾ˱ܵĿš
ܴи㣬ѩƺЩƣ˵ûв´Ļ㽫ܴиңԼıҪһȼɣ
ţһΪżҲֻ˵߼ʮҲûκνչǵƿĽ׶Σҽܴи㣬ϣھżΪһ֮
ѩ˵
һ
˵
㣬ûʲô͸ģǶͣ
¿˵
иж˵֮󣬱ٶȷɳ
һ·֮ϣܲնɱЩħ㲻նɱʵû취ų֣ʱѾִɳС
ǻɳ졣
ֻΪնɱ˰ٶͷǿħʹȴǱƺЩ
ƬɳܴԶеĻҪʶ̽ȥȻޱ߼ʡ
˲޾ԭı߼ʡ
޺һսҲشôȥˣҲ֪Ǻ䣡
㰵
еʶͽȻ˵㣬ǲ뿪ɳģֻܴɳ򣬵Ըܰұ𣡡
޲ɳ򣿡
һЦǾͺðˣ
۽ɳɳȫյ֮УǱ޻ѣ
У˫еȫͷųȥ
ʵȻûиԭ۷״̬ȻҪһƬɳɳȫȥǲġ
Щɳȫɿĳſۣ
֮ϣܿѾκɳˣһЩԭҲҪɳӵеħ׷ŵĴҴܡ
һʱ֮䣬ɳУħ񱼷ĺ
ʶҲܹ̽Χб仯ֻΪǿħҲǱ
һֻǻħ۽Ҫɱ䣡
ЩգϾûǱޣ
ԣӴӰܡݡķǵٶʮɣһɫĺëͬһħ
ͬһ࣬ȻֻǻħɼǵǶôǿ
٣ҪưƬɳ򣬾ƾʯͷ˵ħǵĶ֡
Ƿ׷ŭ㣬һֻħȵˣƬɳնɱٶͷħܶˣȻģߣѵҪ״ݻƬɳô
㰵⼸ֻħȻɳз飬ѹֻǻħʵȻûѡ񳹵ռƬɳ򣬿ǵıһŸΪǿħͳΡ


1628 
ôСӣŵòҳô
Ǻȵ
һֻħ˫һӴȻʣͬҪ˺һ㡣
¡һ
ը˹һ㣬ЩȥĻɳȫɳɳ¡
׳۳ֳ¶޷ܵ𺳸С
㵹ޱĸڿУ˵Щë֣ʲôħȻô͵ɳ֮У
ë֣Сӣ㾹ȻֱǸ߹ˣë֣

Ǹܴġë֡һ첲Ȼ㣬䡯һʩչȭֵ
䣡
ëֵɶ
Сնɱֻǻħ֣㲻֣ǲҪ
һֻħ˵
ߣˣӦ
С˻ûҶ
ƺ˽
˵
ǿҵɱ¾֮ɳնɱħҪ嵽˵ȥˣ֮󣬱޳ڡ֮ĹնɱǣҲشˣ
ǵأɳУزɣ
ʵ
ɳʵ˵أɳֻǱסĵطɲ

ܻ˺Ǳ㣬ĻԶɳﲻӭˣ
Ǻȵ
ƱضҪһսˣ
һսȻ޷⣡
Ϊ˸˺Ǳ֮ĹϵҲ̯֣Ը
ֻű˵ġȷĹʽ޴ȭˣȭʤһ¶Ҫȭˣ
ȥɣСӣ
žȭͷȻǰûӱܣҲûнȭ˷⡮ϣ˷űѩ˴иıܡ
һ϶ǻƣѩɽǿ
ܵĴУſѾ߼ܵˣ
飡
һȭǱܣ޷飬ȭʱȴû뵽˿һ㣬ֱһȭӴ
ԽĿҲԽ
һȭһ˵Ӱι⡮ֱӱ׹ɳϣ
һ״ĴҲ˲֡
ֻ˶ЩȣֻһζԿô
ʶֻ̽ڵԪͬ׵磬һ
ǲǡǰ³ç嶯֪սܻ㣬ĸԪȻ㣡
ֻǻħ֣
ңֻǻħԵʵԶԽʯͷˣ
ȻȻаη֮⣬Ȼػԣһ˳ǹлûץץǹϾҪʩչȭ
һһǹˣ
ǹƣ
ȭ

䣡
˼ʮȭֻħܹԸģǺҲսȫڵء
ֻǿ˹ǻħȫܣ
̧ͷſǸƺûʩչȫˣоǲģȵСһǲǶ֣
ǽСӸܣȴû뵽Ƕˣ
⡭
ǻҪô
ҲǺȵ
սʤֻǻħʵϲɣȻȭȭ۷壬ȭ˼УȻɱУ¶
ȭбܺͽ绤壬طʩ޼ɵĺֻħԿ
ǲ֣˾סĵطǾԲģ
һֻ˺ȵ
ֻħһۣҪʩչӴܣȴǺȵӣܵģ
ֻȭֱӻУٴεڵϣֻħסҲվûӿ
СӣѵҪɱô
˵
ΪҲң
Цҽұ޵ģǲ䣬ҲŹǵģ
ֻҪұô
Ȼأ
˲һֱҪԭⲿħȫɱô
Ƕ˵
Ȼԭ⼸ֻëһֱὫƬɳٵƻǵļ԰Ż˾Լ
ޣҲ֪䣡
ǿҲ˵ֻұ޵ĻǵǿԽ壬ЩҲһֱҪҵ
ǲһģ
Ȼǣ޿ƬɳİңӦûź̨ģĻȻǰţǰɣ峤ϣԻһУ
һֻħ˵
ǡҲǲм٣Сӣ㲻¸ǻȥɣҲӦ峤ޱǿҪԸҲ練Ƶ飡
һô
һǴϣʹĺСӣֻ۸ô
ߣǰ壡
ȵ
ֻħУҲ׷ȥ˺Զһξ룬ֻħ£ʶ̽ȥǰȻ޷̽⣬Ǳһסˣ
Ҫʩչ󷨽ŵĽ򿪣
ţ
ͷ
ֻħʩչһâл۶һ͵ʯžȻͳǰ
ʯ棬壬ɳȻħ֪ڵģնɱֻʯͷˣȻ˵ȥΪУûʲô𣡡
ֻħ˵ֱƿʯţ
һ׹ֻ֣ħʧˣûԥ󲽽ʯ֮С
׹ƣ紫һ㣬㾹Ȼһõĵط
ɳγԱȣһƬԭ̵ĺ
ɽˮзŵ඼Ǵɫģֳ
𺳵ǣǼֻǻħӾȻȻС޼ǡҲǼⷢһЩ
ƺǰûκĵԽУʧȥһЩ˵ɳУħһ⣬ȫˣҲ壬ȴնɱź
㲻ҪСӣɲ壬ֻЩħģǸ
һֻħȴ˵
ȴûǣĿޱ߼ʵĴԭϡ
ţȺܶеĶԭ֮϶УȻǵƤëȴһɫġ
ԭϵӲҲ֣һӲݿƮڣȻȴǸоһŨɱ
ͣ
ͣ
ͣ
ԭӲͽȻܹЩţҵĽк
Ҳһ˿죬û뵽ЩȥӲݣȴ̺˿ֲɱԼĻЩӲɱ˼ʮͷͶ
Ǿгϣ
һֻħָƬԭ˵ʳ


1629 Ϯ
峤ϣ
㲻ЩȣҪ֪紩Խεûмȴǻûм峤ȹ
һӲƺûгԱһ㣬ܵһɱԼƽ
ˣֻħȫϿУƺҲǶӲݵĹ
ܣϷײϵģ
һֻ˺
ӰҲ˲һЩӲû˵ֺ
ֻëֿ˿̫ķ˵ѹϲᷢˣ
磿
Щɻ
ʵԽߣԽ⣬峤ϣÿʱΪǿңἤħԣ߱ɱ
㿴ԭ֮ϣЩӲݾȻںγһߣ
߻̣붼ɫģһ㣬˵Ǹɳ֮дʵˣ
ϣҲûܽϳɳ򣡡
ĿĲǺЩһҪƻɳ򣬶ǶԸֻޣ
ȴüЩӣδѵ˵ʲôǶôҪ֪ǿǱħҪƻĶ࣡
ЩħأνʲôֲǲҲСֻΪ˶Ըޣ
ֻ֪޵䣬ʲôܣҲǺܸȤ
ҡͷߵĿ⵱Уܵ˻ɣȻ֮ǰЩħ϶Ҫ嵱дʲôĻҲ˾裬Ҫ֪㳤þͲ

˵
ֻħҲ£Ҳڲԭ֮ϣǰ汳˫ߣǰŲٽУеСͳС
Сӣ̳ǣĲɣ嵱ʢĳϣȻ̳ǣѾˣ
˶Ǻÿ͵ģ
ңΪʲô
㲻⡣
¹Ź֣Ϊʲô㣬Ҳ̳ǣ˵ˣܶ飬ҲԸ㣡
ĳźܺΰڶͼİûκȴڳŵǰͣס˽Ų
ÿһλ̳ǵˣҪܵ³˵ϴ񣬷Ļûʸ̳ǣ
Ŀ¡
³
ͼİ˭˵ĵ³ˣ
ҲǾ壡
Сӣʲô
ȵ
㿴ǳǽġ³ͼƺ˫һһϡ
㣡
˵Ŀģ
նɱޣ
شĲ
ʧϵͷðɣ㣬³˸ûж⣬ڿʼ㽫˵ĵһλѣ
֮
Ц⡣
⼸˽̳ǵʱ㻹עǳͼڼۣȴǾȵķ֣ǳŵƺעһͼʶͷųȥ̽⣬ȴ޹쳣֡
̳źܶˣǴ󲿷ֶǻħʵÿһ϶ǴЦݵġ
ǲڽֵ߷ǣŲԭϵĸදڻȽϡ
Сӣ̳е̫ƽ֣Щǵļҳ裬ڱȽ˭ļҳȽϿɰ
Ҳģ̳е츳ҲǼǿÿҪ̫ʱϣҳ裬ÿ˵İã
Ҳҳ裿
Ц
ţֻС
ͣ
Ц
ǡһֹʲôЦģɰĳ
ϴһľӣӽṹ򵥣˷Կ磬ָһ˵㣬㿴Ǳߣ
˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥһƬѩ󣬺أܹⷬ
ٿǱߣ
ָһ
ٴο˹ȥߵУһƬȼܴ磬ﻹһЩڻ˫ۣȥ
ˣȻ˵棿
ţٿǱߣ
ϻָһ

˵һǱѩ󣬵ڶܴ𣬵Ǿ綾󡣡
廷壬ȥӦòǺѺãǱӦںԣӦܵı
µû
͵Ŀһ㣺ɳеħԣҲĽ
壬ǲֹһҪַǣȻǱ˴֮Ҳìܣԣδǣ
޵Ҫ壬ǣȻǸʱˣ
ڱ޴⣬֮ĹУʵ̫࣬ڻɱ֮ԼҲش
أҲûгֹˣ

޴Żᱻ˵ģ
˵
ȻǿħϷܹˣ
ʧݣҲ˴ϢĻᣬ֮δйϽ뷨Ϣ񣡡
˵
ԣǺǱҲǵжԹϵ
ţֻҪһûбΣգ
ͷ
ϣãҿǻƺҪԸأ
˵
˶ŻǸȥЩľ˻ǿȻأʲôǵӰƺת
ЩĻ壬Ҫô
˵֪ͨȥȫǽ䱸
ͷʧӵС
һֻëֽ͵嵱У֣ÿһʱھͻǣ޹˲ǣ
Ҳûж룬ĿһֱڶЩľսʿٵĳ߽
ҲȥӭУ
ȵ
Ҳһȥˣ̳ǵжѾ䱸ЩļһȫװǰһϻЦݴżҳŪһ̣Ѿ׷
գ
ڵֱĽŲӳ⴫ޱȣЩսʿƽ̳ҲʹÿȲ
λòǰģǺǼֻëվмλãϣһȣЯơ
Ͼʳ֮ʵǿģЩսʿĶ֣
ߣЩһģǻΪƾһˣܶԸǿ壬ֱǰ׳˼룡
Χ⼸ֻëֵŵĺܣ㲢ûκϾ֮ûκιϵ
˼ȻŶԸ˵ʵҲӲˣ
ǰЩѾ֮⣬㿴Ϊһ˸ߴ䣬ڵĻԪҲǿޱȣĿ棬Ļ澹ȻֱӽŸըѿ
䡯һֱӱٵˡ
ը֮ǻ˵쾹ȻĿ⿴վк󷽵㣬зŭǺ⣬Ȼ˽ˣѵǵıô


1630 
ò˵˵۹Ǽ񣬾Ȼһ۾ҵ㡣
б֪嵱У
Ϻȵ
ԷһΣû뵽ϾȻ³ʲôˣ˵ǰˣ˶ٸʱΧذܣ
öļƲߣ
ĻˣǾȻˣ
ϣ׶༪ٰ

һЩ˶Щʧ롣
ǵһۣ˵Сӣڿɺˣץѱ壬ֵˣ
ѵϡ
Ҳŭ㣬ȴǺȵǾǵ³˻֤󣬲Ž̳ǵģԵ˵ѣ
û㣬ǵֶΣҲҪϱԸǣ
ǸˣֻϧʼǰˣҪеȫ𣡡
ǻ˵һЦĽŲ
ȻǱͶˡ
Ҳһȥ˶һȺˣֳꪣĿ׺ڵıԪҲǿҵĺܣЩһȺɫ󡣬һһ졣
˾ۼһ𣬻ȵҪˣǴȫ壬ҲҪκԹԣ
˹ᣬ·һ
ȵ
Ǹɫ󡣬ﶼɢŶЩŴݻ־Чϣͻ춼ܱܵվһԡ
壬е飬ᱻ³˿У
˵
ϻʲôǽֱˣ
˵
˾ҪУȻ˿̣һǹȴȻһǹӰص֮£ǰ
ˣȻҳǰ
㣬ǸʲôΪ˱סô
˵
ϣĺⱾˣֻ۲Ƿôһ飬ȻҪԸңôɣ
ȵ
СӣҪһ֮Ը壿
ǲ֪˶ô޴ô
ϾЦݣƺѾ϶Ҫɱ
ȴȻһĵУϲЦĻһֱЦˣ
׳ȫĿ⾪ȣܣСӣϻ֪¶Բԣ
˵ǰԤ֪һ㣬ʵϣɳʱҲһֱ͵͵̽㣬ͽӵɱֻǻħ֪ˡ
һУҲıĿľҪ壡
֮Ĺһһ㸲̳֮⣬Щ˶ܿȫ֮ĹС
Ӱȴվ֮Ĺ֮⣬ȵ֮ĹޣǲĻͺЩɣ
֮ĹУ˵ʵ½Щ͵ȼĹޣҪնɱȻڻ£Щʮ꣬һٶĹޣȴͷۡ
ܵǿѹֵ޶ش
㣬һֱ֮Ĺô
˵
֮Ĺֻǵʵס̫ã
˵嵱У϶ǻħӶֻ࣬ħǿƥ
ţλ죬ħʵ
ħ
һ˿ɫڵʵȻҪԸǻħ׾٣ħȴӦΣ
ңԷֻħ
䣡
֮ĹըһƬУʶ㣬㽫֮ĹȻǸð취ֻħʵȴǿĺܣǿܻὫ֮Ĺٵ
ٵ
һۿȥĲնɱޣڷƻҪ֮Ĺ׻һ㣡
ðɣͷǳ
㽫Ƭ֮ĹҲ˲ʧڿյ֮УǴδڹһ㡣
𣡡
˶ţȻѾ㼤Ѫԡ
СӣΪܿסô㼰ʱߣܾҪǻˣ
Ƽ׺һƬƬħȺ˺ѷεĺ𺳵һЩ˶˶£
䣡
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ħΪ֮ȡ
Ŀ棬ȫǷλÿȥ
ħɽ
ѵǣ
޼أ
ȫ
ŵƶʧˣĿⶼޱڴ
նɱСӣȻڽԴӭޣ
ɳΪǿħ춼ҪΨǴӡ
У޺ƲҪֽ帲ֻʱóɳ򣬲ʹñ޷ȥԸˣĻ壬Ѳڣ
ȥħɽȺ޵ĳأ
Ƕ⡣
Сӣǵţ޳أһιʱ򣬶Ҫ̳м̤ȥ
ݡ
Ӱȫ˸ȥħɽ
ˣ
ҡͷ
Ҳûʣȴ˵Ȼȥȥ
ע⵽Щϵı飬žɥ֪ʲôõϢһ㡣
ɢȥҲǽϵӣǼֻϵҲһǣϣǺãҪ֪˽壬ѾסˣǱҪأ˸εֵ
Ͻ㽻ȥǸùǽ̳ǾǸ󣡡

ҪĻĻ壡
˵Ҫǵε壬ڶǵѣǵ³֤ģ
³ˣûа˵һ֣֪³ǷĴأ
˵ʲô³ϣҹ£
Ϻȵ
ȻԸǹ
ǣЩһ¶ˣ
һʮŴΣ죬ʮΣҵĸףڻ˵ʮ¶˵ʱģҲǣ
ȵ
ȻǵȴǷ֪Ŀģ
壬飡
ش
Ŀĺͱһµģõ飡
Ͽһ㣺㣬ܹ̽һ˽⵽޾ԭ¼ܷ޾ԭ

˫Ǿ죬ʣ飬ϣҪ֪һֱŪ̫޾ԭôһ£ǲǾǿ߿ٵһռ䣬޾ԭľͷ
һеһУΪ֮ʱĿȻնɱޣȻնɱޣȴֲ֪Ҫȥ
صô̫ʵ


1631 
ܹܹ̽
ʣϵĻʹΪ֮һ˵Ȼܹ̽Ϊβʹ
ʹõĻˣֻǿϧ޷飡
ҡͷƺЩź
Ҫ֪ЩһֱɧţȻҪͨ̽ȻȴҪԵ˲ܿ
˺ܶΣҲûһܹ顣
ٹ죬һٿһοᣬʱٿˣҶҪΪ֮ˣ
˵
ÿһʱ䣬ٿһᣬϣܹ飬Ȼʧ
ԸǱ֮ܳأҲԸܿ飬ţһҪ

ħɽ
ɳΪ͵һɽƣħɽһ棬籦һֱ
ʿѾִ｣׶ˣ£ȻڽȴŽ浱еһ˳أ
ޣ
ǧ嵱츳ħʵǿ󣬲۷壬ȻΪ˿Դںһս֮Уʧݣش飡
Ȼ󷨡ȴܹɽ֮УȡΪˣ
޵̫أ⡮󷨡¸޷ԭ
Ҫ֪𣬶Ԫصִ۷壬ǻָҲҪͬʱָԪأⱾ飡
ǧܿˣ

Ǿһֱڽµȴ֮󣬽洫֮䡯ţϵʯȫˤ¡
Ҫˣ
̷Ϳա
䣡
һ죬˶涥˳һĨ⣬ĨҪնһ㣬
ݣ
һ߳ߴ󽣹ඥһӰɳ죬ҫ˾ȻڿлؽЩƲʣĹâڣ
Ҫնϣ
ޣ
ȻȻˣ
Ҷּڴ
ǧˣұΪָҸʤһˣǸ˽ұ޺أҪȫɱ
ָո˵꣬һӰ׹
ĿΧЩħĮĺܣ쾪˵ˣٴεȺʱˣ
ߣʱô
ֻ˰ɣ˵ֻѻҲɱ㣿
һƻǻ쾹Ȼķײڽ֮ϣǱֵĻ¾Ҫˡ
ˣ
ȫŻˡ
ߣǧǵǲ֪ڽ浱Ķô࣬ܣǸܣȻܹҵʵǴ˴лҵܣҶҪ𣡡
޷ŭ
ˣлᣡ
ôҵܣЩ
Ȼеκһ壬Ȼȴʢ˶ϹϾ
ˣһλ˵õĴУھ嵱У
壿Щ壬ǾȻûнһ
Į
ʱѾ˺۵ķȻԵȴһӴɱ޺ȵұչ֮ǰô˵ģȽ壬飡
ˣİ壡
ҪжΣȻǱһƻɳȥ
ŵҪ֪屾໥״̬λΪɣ޷Ǿۼһ飡
壬ˣãǧĿʹұ㽫ȫйϣ
쳤Хһ

̳ǵУŵƽʣ˶ǰʱȴ
Ϊ̳ǵŸΪҪ飡
ᣬÿһʱ䵱У̳ǵҪһξۻᣡ
˶ᵽ룬ǵĿĲԶΪ˿飬̽
ţϣ˶ˣ
һֻħ˵
վǰɨȥǵͷˣЩҴ̳ǵУţôίˣ
ϣ㲻Ҫ˵Դ峤˶ɱ֮һֱľ˵ĽǲȺ
ΰģ
Ƕҡͷո˵Ļ
û峤֮ǰҵĻûǹ̤ʵӣ֮ǰǱ޼أ̳ǾҪˣ
˵
ϣ³һֱҫ̳ǣµģ
ǵģе³ˣ̳һǧﲻ𣡡

ˣʱ䲻ˣҪҹ⻹ڣǾ쿪飬ϣ³ܹһ·
˵
㿴ȴ̧һֲֲҲǱڲϣʲôֲ㳢ʶ̽⣬ڲ֮µֲȴеĪ⣡
һֲ
ֵǳһ㣬ѵܿ̽ɣ
а
Ѿٶʮ˴ΣҺûκλԵһΣѡҵǣǴһһְڷںڲ֮ϣԺпʲôһҪ
Ǻܿǵ³ڸȷİʾ

㿴ЩһϵȥĿǰĳϿңȥ統Щޱǿ
ȻǵҲлˣһɢȥǿڲҡҡͷȥˣ;ǵ³еġ
˶ˣûһԺпĵʲô
ϣǾˣʲôûУҲҪ黳
ħ˵
ǲϣϻ
Ͼĵݣ
㱾ԾԾԣǿЩ˱ȥ飬»ᴥŭ
ҪЩ˵ĳȫתƵԼˣǿǵòʧ
Ȼ㲻ǣǶһ²һ£黹Ҹû˵ʱȥһ£
㣡
ȴ˵
ô
Ȼˣǣ㾭˵³˵Ͽɣ˵ѣȥԣǷܹ̽
ϸһ˵ꡣ
ȴҡͷϣɲˣҪô̽أ
ԾԼòĶҲ˵õġ
ȻˣҲǻۣ޷飬Ǿ޷ҲҪȾָ
ҲǺȵûʲôĻ㴥һҲͰˣʲô㲻ǣ岻ʧôοǵ³ûϿǸʺأ
Ȼǰ
ڻɵ³ˣ
ϣһɣǺܶʵлˣֻǣǲģѹԣǶԼе³˵ģϣһУ֮У
˵ȻȻ³˲ڣֻԼȥǵһУ
ˣеĻ˶ģҺĸͲӦý壬ѵĿʼ


1632 
Ҳģ
˵
治ٵȫͷ
̬ȻѾϣЩҲǲе³˵Ĵڡ
Ͼܻ˵ַ³˴δֹʹжĻɣ
ȻΪ˲ѹ֣ûн뷨˵Ǵͷܿܣǻֳ
㿴Ͼʧ֮ɫЩΪŻѪȴû뵽²һģڹϣҲǲ˼㡣
ҽ齫˴ѾͻԶ壬ǽΨһ취
ŭ㡣
ԣˣͲᱻ
˶ͬ
ץסСӰɣ
ȵ
ΧֻħҲ׷׳Χ
ȻȴǱһס֣Щɥʧˣǲ̳ǵУ
ϣ˼ʱˣֻɱ㣬ǲ壡
ߺߣôǽɱ˭޷ȵģ
һЦԶ
üͷһ壬ʶѾ̽˵ʵǿ¾Ǽصıޡ

Ǳޣ
һӰıϣΧļֻħŵ˫ۣƺҪסޡ
޻ûдãһӰǡݡ˸ЩһﶼħһƬ׹⣬Ҫ̳ǵĳ嶯
ô̺ŵȻҶ޷̽ֲ̲
˵
ָҪǿ鵲ĺڲȴǺȵޣʲô̳ǵô
ߣְ׳գģ
ߣϴ˿Ҳǳ֣һȻȴûеǵߣĹдֱֱۣӶ
ԴʵǸ޷סһеģϼʱ֣һܾˡ

ڵϣǿҵĴʹһʱ֮˵ﻹǸмϵģȫȻû뵽ȻϳϷԷԸ
Ҳ׼Ȼڴ˵ǰСӣ
ȵ
ȫ˺۶ûüָʵ˿̵ģ쳣Ǳģ˵ֻôҲûаա
޵ĿûзϣѸתƣվȺУЩҪץ㣺СӣˣҵõĴУҲ֪֪ҵ統УѾˣ
ܵǧȺȥ̫ûгɾ͸ˣҪһĥ˵ĺ÷ӣ
ţȲżԸ㣬飬һδ
У屦Ҳģ
һҪУȻ˿̱ȴȻһȣͷӣþˣҵһأ㾹ȻҺҳ̨Ϸ
Ȼ֣һϣҪֵȴǱĵɶڵɳȥһ̣Ϻȵţ
˳ó
ƫе㻳С
ߣ
޸ʩչ񹦣Ȼ˿ȴǿһҫǹâĿ̳ǣ޵徹ȻֱӶˡ
ޱĿǰʵǿ̫࣬˯о޷ס̫ʱ䣡
㰵
֮⣬Χеһħȫ˯ˣ˿ץ飬ȴû뵽ǿڲȻƿˣ
һ߲ʹâֲϱŷϣɫ쵣쳣Ŀ
ǣ
㱾ûȥעģȴû뵽ȸһϲ̸ֲͬһ㣬ֱӲϣҲΪûκζ⣬ûбܵĿܣ
ֲﴹֱۿҪͱ
ӵԴȣ˿̣Ǳ޵ȴȻһ˯оЧȻ˿ʧΣ
ã
㰵
Ǳ˫һʱ䷢㣺˾Ȼб½ҳ˯һСˣ⣬ʲô״
ͻ䣬ҲǾ
Σɱ˵
ӰȻ˸ƻ㣬ϵıֱܶ飬ۿҪ޻ˣȴû뵽˿ȴâ
䣡
Ǳ޾Ȼ𾪣ܣҵľѾˣôܻܶԸң
ƬɳУܻҵģܣ
ҲǾ쳣ܣȻ˱ޣ˿ڵȫսȥ
˵ڵǷֵһ㣬飬γɲ
䣡
ٴϮ˫ȭȭͷ֮ϴƣȴɱ鵯ɣ
⡭ôܣ
š
˿̣峤춼ѹǸ۾ǿ޵ɶɣʵȴǿѾɱ׼Ĳֱ罣棡
Ĺâ̺˿־
٣ֻħ
ô£ƫƫţ춼Ҫ㣬ҲҪ죡
޺ȵ
ڵ͵˫ȭ磬һкһȭ㣬Ȼıӣûκˣ
ͬ޵Ĺʹһ㣡
ʹñһֺǿҵУ
Ҫ֪ǧǵָʵҽأʵͻƣ
ųֱ֮ӳǿٵͳ޾ԭȴû뵽ŵһ죬ǿ
źƥеʵǻһϸµ̬ԽսԽ£ȻԿ飬һҫ߲ʹâĲ
ȥŲ
ȿֲʵһĴݻ޵еţ
ڵȻˣ
㰵á
Ȼȫסˣ޷
ȫʧ˿޷ϵѪеСûаȥ߶ڵκһ
鲻ǶǱǿҵѹȸУ㣬ͬˣ
㶼ϢУ
ȻڴʱһȻɢЩϣ˸һ㣬ҫˣ
⣡
һǵ³ô񼣣񼣣
ֻѵħ춼һ
񼣣ܣװŪ
޺ȵ
ĵԪȫŷȫ˹ȥ
𣡡
̳ǣ
ʹЩڳ˯еħȫѣ
ûһֻħûġ
һֱĴĿպüϣŵ۾Ȼһ߰㳬ȻƱŷ񼣾ף


1633 ɱ
ǿ󣡡
۾ڵ״û뵽ڵȫ֮ɢЩ⾹Ȼ˲
֮ԭеǿ
ץʱȫתΪ
ЩɢģЩǷ̲Լ嵱УЩȫתΪ齫ߣҲ޷
Щ쳣ǿһֹãھڵħҲȻ壬ƺŸΪǿȫɢԼϣһε
ô£СڵȻǿˣ
Ȼɣȴǲûܵʲô˺˫ԼŭҪɱ㣬Ϊ׻ᷢ顣
ͣ
鷢죬ϵĸҲȻڷɳȥЯŵҲ˲˸Ȼ֣龹ȻҪȡڵ
ȻȫתΪûյ
Ȼ˱۵ڣٳߣ
ȵ
еĺǹȻһǹܱŵΧ
ݣ
޷ڵҲûмȥײǳǽ֮ϣ
䣡
̳ǵĳǽһײ翪˻һ㣬Ȼǽ֮ȴһɫ֣ЩȻںںϣ
񼣣񼣣
Ȼ
ò̳ǵе񼣣ȫħ϶
񼣸ƨֻЩ׳˲Żϲģ
޺ȵ
ȻǣħҲͳǽըɢ̹ںϵ״ֻǱȻЩң
أ壬ûκε
ǷҪ˵һĻ±ޣǴ˿̵
ɱˣٽȫ𣡡
޺ȵ
ߣɱ۵Ļ²ˣ
Ц
Ȼ˵ܣ治֪Ǵ
˫ںԪصŴݹƣĳǿҵȻûնɱ飬ɣѾñ޺ܲˬˣһĴȥҪģ
ȻҪ㣬޵ͫ׵ȴǼٷŴûжһƣȻӭȥ
ȭ

䣡
ȭڿбŷն类һ㣬ϵħ˽ʱͷųǰص
̫ǿˣǿ֮Ľ
ⳡսǰͱ֮ľʲô

ⳡս֮ʹ˾𺳣ȫΪ˫ʵǿ
ͱ޶ԵУȫϷձУ˶
Ա޵ʵնɱѴ֮
ǧȥʵһȻŵһƣȻܻɱ㣡
ȭֵס˴󲿷ֵֻ΢΢ûܵˣ
Ҫ֪ھǧǰһս֣ܶ
˫ǿչֳҵһ档
СӣȻܹסҵһƣ飬㵹˲
޺ȵˣ컹ڣұޣᱻڶشģ
Ӱһת˲ִǰȭƽӣ㽫ĲоҲ˳оܹȭҲܹͬ
޿ֲ
һȭȥǱ޶Ҫʹȫֵ
䣡
䣡
䣡
У类ըһ㣬˫Ƹ죬ײ˲䣬ƺҪ춼Ҫһ㡣

³һ޻ǱеĻҪǿһЩȻֺܼͱ޼ս˿̣ҲżȻһŽϴȻͼҪջЩȫתΪ޿κΣڶڵԪصУԪظδηģԣԪʵϱ类ϵһ֣˱޲ٵʵ
ߣû뵽ȻܹǿұӦ㴥ģ
޺ȵ
ôˣˣ죬ڣ
ͺһ
նɱңƾʲôȭôߣֻϧȭѱ͸ûκεƣ
ȷ͸ô
һĮ޵ĶУ·ΪֲħСӣôǿţ
ƾʲô
ȭ
ţޱǿӰǰһӴϮ纣ȣط֮ƥУҲǼʩչǿһУ
䣡
ħܵյ죬ͺҪ˺һ㣬ЩȻȫɢȥնĻ赲˵ս
ܣ
ͫ׷ŴԼ۾ʩչȭȻƿһȭؿڣ
ǱԴģҲȭռ壬㻹ΪԼ͸ȭô
ȵ
ȭӴҪһǱȫ߱ɱ
ڤڤУҲɢʣеʶҲǴ죺㣬ұΪҪܵԸޣȴû뵽Ȼܵõ⴫Уڵˣν޻ܣʵǸɵ̫Ưˣ
Уǳž壡
䣡
޵屻ȭ߱ɱ
⣬ⲻܣôܻܣ
嵱ǧ츳ħܻģ

ûһֻħԸǰʵ
嵱еĲħš
Ȼȴ˵㣬ûпȷд֮ˣ
ȴûϣȻĿҲûͣЩѾӦʲôڲŵħϣǿſڣ
ںͳǽϵɫ⻺ںϣ
̺żǿյĲһֵˣȫգ¾ָܻͨˣ
㰵
㶼ЩŪ׵壬עڵѾǿˣ㻹ǸоȻӴ
ЩȫյĻҲֱӻָ۷ʱ̵ˣ
Ȼںɫںϣһڱŷÿһ£ͬһ㣬þòɢ
⵽ʲô
ڣħĿȫߣĿ⵱дž㤣𺳡ͼ鵽ʲô
áݴ˿̵飬ǿʺϲˡ


1634 Ǹ
ħھ鵽ʲôʱָɳһĿɿڴ飡
ɢɫâЩɫâȻ⣬Ҫסһ㡣
ҪʲôȻǿ󣬿ǲҪɱɣ
ЩħΪҪɱ顣
ȴҡͷǹҪںɫ⣬Ҫһ֮
һ˵Щħֶ˼С
ɫǺںһһֱںôãûʲôչ۵ķ׭ǡںЧҲǾҪںϳĹ
ϵϹȫ⣬ɫ⻹ǻĽȥˣ
ںϣ
֮ٸںϣ
ѾҪٽ׭ܺܿںˣ
Ҳǽ׭ȫ͵һɲǣɫȫʧˣ˵ǳױںˣ
ԭֱϼҲȻСϳֻ֦һۿȥһľͷ˲Щ
Ȼתţûãǿһ֮
۾ӣ䣬ľͷӦоУħЩʧ룬ϼܸܵǵ³˵³ˣ
³ˣôܣѵе³ˣ
ħɡ
û뵽ķʽ䣡
Ǿľͷ۾ûڿУɢҫ̹⣺Щˣ
³ˣ㶼࣡

ǵ³ˣ³ˣ
ħȫڵϡ
³
ħ飬˭ҲӦô졣
ţעԭҵ³ǱӡƬɳȴʥߵģȴû뵽ɣûеʥߣ
ν̤Ьٴȫѹʥڽ٣
³ˣȻȴǲ֪ʥʲôΪʲôᱻӡס
˵
ұͲˣԵ磬ΪǿǸ磬ҵһЩǿĵˣŽʱӡƬɳеģֻʥߣܹ⿪ӡ
ӡϣ
˵ûЩҵ۾һֱڳǽ֮עһУһδεıȺҲǿУ
³˵
֪³ǲģˣ³ˣ˵ʥʲôֻʥܹ⿪ӡѵ˵ʥߣ
³һ㣬βסӵеʥǺһǿǵһʥߣǱһΪ磬統Уʱչ޾ԭҲΪ˴ﵽһƽٳĿռ䣡
µҲ㣬ǵڶʥߣӵǱβǳһƱ㻯
ĿǿҵԼأ³˵Ǳˣֲܹ塣
ˣЩϣЩһֱ뾡취壬ʱȫˣ
ȫ
³һ㶼ǿЦģͳ˷ָֻħװŪɱǣ
Ƕûа취Ȼ֪³׶Ըδսƾȥﻹ˵ð
һħҲеĵ³
³ˣ
ȵ
ħȫħҲħ
Ȼ˿̣ȫǷ޷ˣ
ǽ磡
ܸܵǿħܣȻħȴûκηӦȻ͵̬³
³ˣôˣ
ˣֻڵħ³²Ƕ֣
ħڵš
Ȼһֻ̣һ˲䣬ȫסˡ
䣡
ֻǵ³ľͷһƵɢɫ⣬ЩЩħϣ
Щħֻڵ峤ȫʧڿУ
һУɱħ
㶼𺳡
ʵǷ統УҲǶĴڣ
ѹֵʱֻܵҪյָܻ
Ȼ³ʵǿ˹˵Ǹ磬ֻ¸ǿ
ĶѪ
Ƭɳֻһ壡
Ǳ壡
³ȵ
³ˣ
³ˣ
ħȫĤݡ
һнȫʵ²Ƶ񼣰ɣ
ţ°ɣ£
³˵
ͷ
ħȫ£˭Υ³
ϵķӡѾױˣҲȻܴɳУǣӦң
ô
ţûǸʵȥħܹĻѲ޾ԭ
³˵嵱УҲҪκֻҪƬɳú׳͹ˣ
׳ô
˵
ţȻмǲɳڣǻȫ񣡡
³˵
ţ̻壡
ˣҲֻ˵ôˣ
³Ŀ⿴㣺һвҪҰɣ̳⿴һۣҾ֪㶨ǲ֮ˣû뵽Եɺ֮´飬ʹں⣬ҵľˣ
ǲ֪ǵ³Ҳģ̸֮ϣ
ҡҡͷ
Ǻǣڵȷʵ棬ҲҾȻ޷ߣĺܣ
³ЦЩȨССݰˣУ㻹лɵҵΪβ֣
ȷʵЩڣ
Ρ
ںɫ⼫ںϵʱ㱾лǿ׭ɵ飬ȡһ̣ȴǲû
ȻҲ̫ڣ٣³֪˲顣
̹ϣʵ㻹ûӦþҪҵĻЩҲǻתͷȥԸģʱ򣬿ԼҪش
³˵
˵Щûʲô壬֪мֵĶĸִģ
˵
ĸôܹﵽ磬ȻǻָʵǱ˵ˣ
֪ҵݣ
֪
³˵㣬ʱ˵̫ܸ࣬ǣλǿߣҲǸȴ㣬ֻͨԼŬһεĵ򣡡
ȴңߣջָʵģҲĲǺԶˣ
ȵ
Եֲʥߣʶ˾ˣҾҪ뿪ˣҽ⿪ӡӦҲҪرһ£
³˵
رܴʲô
ʵ
ţָʵĻһһȴܰٳɣ
˵֮ţܰҽ⿪ӡŵǸоô
˵


1635 ƽ
Ҳǲ²Է˵ľ֮ţΪĿǰ޾ԭѾִＫ޵ˣڵħѾĶ֣Ȼ³磬С
֮ҪоȱٵӡŵǸȻһоڻС
ţ
³˵Ǹо䵱еĲоȫ˳һӡŵĲоڵ³ǰ³ƻЩֱӽоϵķӡȫƣ
оķӡȻ⿪ˣ
׵ои׵ǿᣬƾ⸱о޵У
³˵Ȼ㣬ڵ׵ǿԣоʵ϶㲢û̫;
ȴǺ⣺оȫռϣҲʱȥˣ
ȥ
ţҲûȥˣ
³˵㣬ϣǸ磬㲻Ҿõȣ
³ˣ
ŵ³ʧյУʣû뵽Ÿռ³ˣȴҪֱ
ǿĿǰʵ޷ܳȥ
ûо֮󣬱Ҳ뿪ɳУ
·;УҲܹܵɳһ˸ô
ȣʵٴηٻָѾܹնɱħھ۷״̬ѾԶˣҪ֪ڴ֮·ʱλͷ߹ֻڵָ۷ʵʱ򣬲Żٴγ֣֪һЩ飡
λͷɾǵڹ統ӵԽȥˣȻߵ·Ǳǰź˵һ
ţȸԭʵ˵ûлָʵһжǿ̸
㰵
ٶȣܿͻصļУȺĺѩɳϿ죬椺ǢһҲһЦ⣺ұΪǿʲôӽĿĽζԭǶƬ
ϴ˿̲ŵһЩ˽ѵ޵ĶƬѾĶƬˣȻĿƼȹҪĶ࣬⶯Ƭǹĸ߳١
ǿ߿һ޾ԭЩ˵ĿƼŪǿȴҲ޷Ļ޽ӹЩٻҪ̵ġ
Щ綼ûأ
ĺѩԴ˷ܵ˵
ԭһζûҲ˷ḻң˿ȻѾӾ¹߳ˡ
ţǴһֱˣ
Ц
ô
Ҫ뿪뿪޾ԭڰ磡
Ҫ뿪ô
Ҳһͷϲĺѩ㣬Ҳһ߰ɣ֪ģ㲢ϰ
ң
ĺѩЩԥȺһԣҲߣôĺô
ҪһֱĻҿǲŶ
㵭Ц
ţУﲻң
ĺѩҡͷ
ͺǵɣǼ̳
˵
Щ˺ĺѩͰҪ뿪ǵϢ޷ܣһ˵֣ŷ˺׿ֻףǷģչ˺Щ˺ǵġ
ʲô⣬ȥŵ壬ǻǵģ
˵
ŵȻ֮ǰһֱܶԲ㣬֮ȴǲҶκεĲ˼οŵɺĹϵãСӦǲѵġ
ǣû˿ĶŮָٷУȺĺѩ˴ӣǻЦݡ
޾ԭص磬ĺѩ˵Ҫؾ¹¹һڳ϶ˣ¹Ҳٲ֮£ĺѩûѡ㷵غڰ磬ѡ˴磬ػ¹
ڵʵѾִλ츳ԣҪ޾ԭеİ񾳽粻ʱ飬統УӦҲܶԸĶˣ
˵
ĺѩͷҸ׻һӣһӣΪܹͳ磬ˣҪԸ
ĺѩ㣬Զǰȵĺý㣬лĻһģ
˵
ĺѩͷ磬úչ˰ȣһĵޱŮҪģ
ɵ椣㲻ôԸ磬һаã
һ仰ǴŰ뿪硣
ĺѩվھ¹棬˸⣬һ¹˵ɵӣʱҸǿԼȡģóȥģͷһô׵ĵأԺһӵģ

·;Ʈ죬飬ȴһ㶼ûоù¼ţ˵ĺѩϲأΪʲô㣡
ţֻһƽˣҲȥĺѩѡ񣡡
أҪأ
㲻ģңҵŮˣ޼漦޹湷ĵԭ㲻
ţֻһߣѾԣ

Ҹпļ˯ˣȵʱȴǿһŮܵĽ̸š
ŮδȻ磬Ҳû
ˣ
ǸŮ밲ȶУܿҲ˵ǲ˹ԭھ¹ҵģû뵽ȴ뿪ˣ
˹ŰЦǺڰ磬粻ͬʱϰߣҲ
ţ
ȵͷΧȷ͸߿Ƽкܴ𣬵ԼܹӦġ
ȵĵͷȴòĿĲ˹âҪ֪Ǻ̹׵ĽȺ֮Ĺϵ˵˵ģ˹Ȼûк㷢ϵѽΪİ֮ˣ
ȻҲţԺȻֻӵһŮˣǡߡ֮죬Щ۴
ȺһѾʵˣҲ뽫Լ˵Ѿоȫռˣֻһô
Ѿ̽䣬źܿҵģ
ҵˣ
Ƭ̱˵ȻУƺĺҸ
ҸôѾİ֮˾Ȼˣ
ţӦǵģ
ͷŮסת˲ʧڿյ֮ϡ

УϺ֮ԶһСľݵУһŮ֯Ƥ£ݻ㽿ޣ֯ëµĹ̵ʼЦݣƺڵ㡣
һˣ
һֳ־޸һֻɽ˽ǹ۲ϸˣȻֻܷɽǱ޸֮⣬պڣȥ쳣ֲ
ôһͷɽǳԲأȥｫ󲿷ɣܶһƷ
Ů˵
Ҳͷţţ˵Ҷ˵ˣȻ֮ҾͲǻˣҲҪƽƽӣֻǡ
ֻ㻹ǷһλѵĶǰɣ֪ģ
ţԸƽ£ôҲûҵ
Щǡ
ݣ
Ӱ˲ʱ˸ΪϺ֮ĺ֣ٴУû뵽ˣȴһϲ


1636 
ϲ
ֱǳϵľϲ
ʹоİ֮˾Ȼ֮󣬱һֱѰټȻұˣûĺۼ
Ϊ˲İ֮Լһ𱼲ǴϺ֮ס£Ŵֲ赭ƽӣ
ӰȻȴһֱƽǷ˱˶飬ûл൱ܵļһÿһʱ仹ǻʶ̽Ĵڡ
ȻҲ֪Ĺ򲢷̽ġ
Ȼĳ֣𾪣һȭؿڴСӣһΪˣ
Ϊ˾Ȼնûôܱһ
Сӣǵʵǣ˹أ
ոȭڣҲܲ̽ʵȻĲ̽ȴδ֪
δ֪
ֲ
İ֮Ҳ˭˵磬һֱˣˣҲܰĺһˣлл
Ҳǵͷ
о㣬Ҳ˵һоˣҵѡһʱ֮ţ
һоģ㣬㶼õˣ
Ծͷ죺찡Щ춼ȥˣ
㻹ǲҪЩúùӰɣƽƽ棡
ţ㣬Ҫĵطʱңһ׹ŵֵܣ
Ȼͷ
û㣬Ϊ֪ӦñĶ࣬ĻʵѾûҪƴˣ棺㣬һҪɹ

Ϻ֮ʥء
ʥ徭ôϢѾ죬ǰбƻĻҲȫûãڵĻ忴ȥһ塣
Ͼǧǰصķѣ˿̣Žĺܡ
һ죬Ĵ󲿷˶ɭֵܾۼٶȡ
峤طվЩߵǰĿ£һ;Ҫһһ⣬𡭡ţСͷҿǱˣȻʱҲô棡
Сͷͯڵϣ۾ȻȻֹͣԵĽһҲһǹĸܣͺطɱ粵ƾʲôСͷģأ㣬һįǸˣһ֮ôԶô
ԣ㣬ʦϢأ
ʲô㣿
һȣƺţҪƭˣСͷǰ׽ŪһΣ
ǣģܸܵʦĴڣϢԽԽǿң
Сͷ˵ģĳˣ
طҲǼ
Ҳ۾Ҳ㣬ڻޱҫ֣ٴγ֣һ
У֪Сͷƭҵģ
ߡһƲͷñ˿ۿ˸ŵЩˮ
˵ʦˣ
Сͷ΢ЦԶڸ߷Уת˲ɭֵĿС
㣡
طҲǺ
ʥߣ
ʥ֮嵱У˭˲֪
СͷŽ֣׼Ͻʦ˭֪ջͷȴǿ۾ȫʪˣ
Ӱ˸ڵ֮ϣ㳯˵ͷķͯԴȴվڽǰۿɣⲻôϲҲûҪɣҸо˼ģ
ͣ
Ҳ̲סЦ˳һѵ᲻˼ôҪǲ˼ĻɫŮԣһװģ
ЩΣӽкܹܵŨҵİ⣬֪֮˶ȻܶŮϲȴû뵽ʵ̫˰ɣȥĺѩڰ磬ѾŮˣԵĲ˹ȻڶŮˣ
㽫˹ͰȽܸˣСзͯȴˣʦЩȥô
˵ʵҲҪΪһУʦ𸶳ޱ֮࣬ͯ˼뵱УʼҪһһģ
ʦȥµģСͷҵһ˲ҿ㣡
ٻһƣ̯ͯ˫ƣҲǺȵգ
һǿϮȴ崺һ㣬ûа˺
ץסͯ˫ƣƨɣЩ죬ȻûеִД磬Ƕۣ
㣬ͯ٣һΪѾӽД磬Щ̿ĺܣ
ط˵
ʦ㡭
ȻƨɣǷͯûаѹ˼ƨʱһǽ澭ȫͨһ㣡
Д磡
ͯϴð⣬ϥŸոտǱܡ
ѵͻˣ
طɳԾҪ֪ͯڻʥصеһ㣬˵ǰһŵДת츳УҲֻܹˣѹʦͽ
Ȼȴ΢΢ҡͷͯٶ죬ҲֻΪ̺һДȫʵϣД֮츳ǻԽԽܹ̤ͣľҲǾ޺ܴ
ͯԽһλͽܣڷͯȻû̵̫ҲǹмӣϣͯԺ·ԽԽͨ˳
ӦźģȻڷͯͷϵʱȴȻ֣ͯƺı仯
ʦҸոոܵڵĹƺλһ㣬һ˵ĳ죬ֳͻД֮󣬲֪ʲô״
ͯʵ
ãܺã
Цݡ
ţʦЦʲôء
ҶˣƨɣʵǴͨڵȫǱҲ˵ДѾȫˣ·ҲûҲ˵ֻܿԼ
ʦԺѣȴû뵽ոԴʱȴⷢʾȻ˾춯صĸı䣡
ʲôıأʦ𣡡
ͯһ档
ҲĿ㣬ǶҪõ𰸡
ڱʲôҲʦܸǣǲǰ츳һǵĻôʸı֮ͱǣ
츳
˵
츳
û뵽ͯʦȳɾҲ֮У
˵
ȴҡͷСͷԼĸ˻޹أԺ·߶ԶҲȫСԼˣ
ʵı仯ʹĵ·ϣ޷ָͯͯƺҲǣԼˣȻ㻹ǾָоǴĺãϾҲ÷ͯԶΣУ
ţʦ㵱СҴҾͷҪͷصģ
ͯĿ⾼δϣ
ͷţⷬɾͣʦҲĲ٣ˣʥ˼һ棬һΪҪ飡
֮ţ
Ŀ㡣


1637 ĵ
㣬֮ŲҪоôѵ
ţоѾȫˣʱܹںϣ
˵
ʥȫһȡ
Ҫ֪оǵǿ죬ǿ߸ǻʥ棬ȻҲϣɾͣΪǻʥٴҫ
˵֮ŵƿصĵܹ֪ʣǿߵĽŲǧ磡
ط˵
û̫࣬ǵ³Ѿ˵ָ֮۷ʵΨһᣬĿǰ뷨Ҳ൱򵥣ȻָʵֻҪʵˣ뷨Ȼˮɡ
㣬֮ŵУֻһ˲ǰô
ʵ
Ҳ֮ŵûΣն֪Ƿģһģ
˵
ȣ˹ͬʱͷ
ڻʥص룬˵ҿʼںоˣվһԣⱻںϵɣ
ã
ط˵
ȫһԡ
ʱоҲɲǳϿգһоǽҫޱȣӳĹâһڵУܿģ˶ǿоȻۼһ飬һоĺϲʹγһĻ
У·ǧǰǳϹħսе
ˣ⻭УҲǲѿħڻ׹ţ˹ҲС
Ƿںϣһҫ۵Ľ⻪ʥ֮ϣسƹһ㣬η
ˣ
㿴⻭뾹Ȼ·һһ㣬㣬һɫâ·ʹֻҪ̤ȥܽĻһ㡣
̫ˣ֮ô
طɾȡ
˶һ𾪣Ⱦĳǵ統Уǵһγֵġ
ţûκ˺ˣλڣ
º˵ʧʱӰҲǳ׽֮ŵУʧһ̣ǷĻҲʧ
ڻ뿪֪ʱܹ
źȻҪߵȥ
˹ͽҲһź飬ȻǼ᲻õġ
ʦһģҺúʧ
Сͯ˵
ʵ֪ǣ֮ǰ˵û꣬ȫһ俪ЦĻô᲻֪ͯʱִ˺־أһֱҪΪΪɫͽܡ
ɵӣúɣ
ҲЦԭߣǼ䲻˸е飬Ҳǰ飬ЩȻΪ㰵ˣҲȷʵԼŲʵǷſĻûҪӹš
ߵĲ˹ͰȣʵϹѾ²Ǻ֮ĹϵˣԭӦüеС
ͯŵǾԼĻЩͨˣ
ţڻϲңϲҲҪʼŬΪϲŮˣ
¶ġ
λġѣԽǴݣҲһ䣡
ط˵ʵϻ˹Ͱȵ׺ĹϵǽǰС
õģлл峤
˶΢΢һЦ
Ҳûκԥ¾ʹ˽ݣݣȷǻ嵱Ϊģԭԭǻ嵱һλʵǿŮϾסҲЩ񱣬ϲסڿʵĵطݣҲǱõĸݻֻλŮΪѣճݣطҲýסȥˣ
˲ٵС䣬㹻ȺͲ˹סŮҲĴмʹ˹Ҳ˿ûаڰӡ
ŮһҲ໥ȻйĻ⣬ǻЩСȻ۵İȻǱ֪˾Ůѵʵǲ֪ĻĴң֪ˡǻŬȥԼҲϣһԴһǰԴ
ڲ˹ԺһֱڸһڤǶʱ⣬ģʱ⣡


ǻֻ֮оһڲش󣬾ͺҪһ㣬һʶ޷ͷųȥĹһĵط
ɽ߶һҰ׺ݺеԭΪ֮ŵУӦþһֱӵħս
ȴû뵽˸һЦȻֻһƬҰȺɽҰ֮ء
Уطеܶϡڰ綼Ҫһأһֱ³ƭ˵ĸоǼһ˵֮ţǱۻָΪʱȴû뵽ȻһطҪ۾ִڵǸ磡
ҪطĻӳһܹ
֪Ǽһʡô鷳
ŵʱʶͻȻܹ̽ȥˣΧһƬҰ֮أңƬҰ֮صеҰ޸Ͳʲôޣͨ߶ûаΣա
һĵطٶȣҲҪһʱ
³ǸӵԺǧҪ

Ȼ뻭Уʵȴǲ⻭вˡһ硯Ǹıʱᡣ
ʵϲûκα仯ǧǰĵʱ򣬲ûкڰ͹֣֮
ĵ
Ͼɭ֡
߸ߵɫϹһֻһֻСҰӣժŹӳԣϾʱһŷԳĺʹƬɭֶ졣
һֻɫͻɭֵײſ˯ȴǱЩҰǵĽѣȫչֳһ˻ƺЩҰơ
ЩСҰǶ¶ʧı飬ʹðɫͻҪ֪ƬɭֵޣǴģ˯ȴǱΣʹ쳣ˬ
ʱɫͻҲǸоƤЩˣϵСҰǣҲ۾ѩȻҪԵǣ
𣡡
֮ţͻңΪЩСҰӣȴû뵽ϵһֻӾȻһһ㣬ȭͷһȭŷֱӽͻһȭ棬˿̣СҰӷһ߳ǰɫͻڵϣҡ
ȫУŲԶһ·жܹܵƬɭϢ׼ǰȴûԤϵῴһĻЩʡ
ҲӲĿϵҰշɱͻģҪ֪ͻȻǿҲޣһֻếеҰޣŲʵģȴû뵽һֻСɱҪ֪ΧǧֻӣҷֻӰϻĹ׿һ㶼ֱӾͽͷ׻ƭˣ


1638 
ɫͻҰɱٺӶϷͻʬ塣
ֻɱͻĸͷԴһЩҰȴע⵽㣬ĿȻ㲻⣬ȻֲԸ㣬ܾ嵱̺һǿ
ݣ
һٻӰԶƮݶЩϷʬҰﶼɢֻͷĿһҰû߿Ůñ㣬ȻòǱȴǼãһǳɫÿ㷽ܹӦǴŮڴġ
𣡡
ҰҪŮչֳǿ˫ңŭĿ䣬ҪܶԷǿ̬Ǻͷ׻չƵǲͬ
ߣպǰնɱҾһֻ飬ҪѪծѪģ
Ůӻϣ˫Ƶ̹⣬ǽպƺҪߣȫȴ类סˣѲˣƴҪȴǱ̹ײ֮ϡ
ûһֻҰǰæֻպҲǺȵҽպƬɭֵʲôͳʲô⾫С飬ǰЩ㶼ҵĶ֣û뵽ЩѾǿʵߣѵʲôɣ
պҲƲѣҪ֪ƬϾɭֵȷԵɭеʲô޾ʲôޣȻǰЩ죬һֻ飬ȴǱǰŮӿ֮һɱ
ʱպشԷڣŶ죬ԷʵѾǿô֪࣬ѳȥͶԷס
޹أ
Ůһȵ
˫磬ĵͷųǿ̹⣬һ̹ǽպֱӽУ
պһȫӴܳȥһֻӱĵԣȵ飬⵽ǽıģ
ߣ
ŮѻͷҲûһƻֻڳԵĺȴǱֱӺվԭأŮӾգȴЩ΢΢
ΪԷޱˣҪ֪ݺôŮҲĲ٣һ۾סĳǳɫˣĻѾˣ
֮סֻΪԷʶһŮˣ
ࣿôϾɭ֣
ɵҪ֪ȻޣǾ飬޺;ģɱ
ôܳû뵽ȻҲڤ绹ͨĵ·
һЦ⣬ǰ
Ȼһ̣ŮȴǳһĨɱɢɫâȻǻ磬Ů˸ҪϮ㡣
飡
Ů˻ȭĸ񶷼ɣȭͷȴǱץסŮҲڴ˻Ȼץס
Ŷ첻ôҪ֪
˵ȥȴǷ֣Ů˵
ѵ䣿
Ҫ֪һۿŮ˵òʱ򣬾Ѿ֪˭ڤ統еľŮ䣬һʼΪòȫһŮˣȻԷݣȴ϶˶Է뷨
Ů˿һ˲Ļ㱣ȴҲ뵽ƶˣ˶ȻʲôƣŹѵĻᣬһϥײȻȴȻǱ㵲ס
뱾۶Ӿﰡôܲ䣡
Щɻ
˿Ů˵屻ȫסŮϣỬ֬һļȷСûͿʲô覸֮Ʒ˼Ů˵׺ûйϵ˭֪ȴŵÿˣ
أ
ҪǰѸոɱպĻСŮޱӵĻһ𣬿϶ĶԱȡ
ʲôأһôõ
ΪԼһƷнڲŵĴĺˣĻĽҰģһЩ׵Ŀаĸô
ɿ˶Է
ΪǾһôǲñģ
Ϊʲôһ»ỳ𣿡
ʵ
ᣬǾĳ˵ᣡ
Ǿĳϳ֪ôһô
ҡҡͷҪһͻỳеĻôҶ˼͸һ֧ˣ㣬ҲȻǧӡ
оǻУʲôô°
Էˣһ
úʵֻ̫࣬Ƕĳģ۾òѡ
УǳɫģЩˮ֮˼
ðɣƬɭҲֻǾϢˣޣҸ㣬Уʵǡ
˶٣úͶԷ˵Щ񾭲ѵҪһһ¾Ӻ֮Ĺ𣿲˵ö㶼ԼЩЩࡣ
ô˵ȥУô°ǳϾ˵ŮӵҪǱкǾͻỳеģȻ״˳⣡
ðɣ͵Ҫ˰ɣͳҵŮ˰ɣ
Ц
Ǿʹ࣬ǧټҪٵǵļ԰
˭˵ģҲ࣡
㲻ࣿʲô˼ģ
˵Ҳף
ժһ߹ͼ˧ģöԷĹۣȻԷȴ޶ãĿûпΪԷע⣬˵ˣطʲô֣
Ͼɭ֣ҽ䣡
ۣ
һ߹˳߹Ĳϣ۾ﵹЩ˥˼ΪЦˡ
׼Ц
˵ˣôȻ䣬ϣ
Ҿ䣡
ȻЦЦ绨
ЩŵȻûκ覸ټΪԷӦҲǴڤĳͨطģΪûط֮ء
֮żȻܳħսʱ飬ôôʱһһȽǿҵĿȰ
ӦǧǰĺڰɣӦó֮ΪŲ࣡
ôǰ䣬Ӧþǧǰ䣬ѹɣ֮ǰǸΪϰ̺۶˼ǧˡ
ţ֪ôˣ䣬ΪŮͳǧ䣡
ͷ
Ҫ֪֮ǰΪ֮ţȻֱܿħսǾǿߵӰȴû뵽ʵеĲ˾޴Ȼǧĵ򣬶ĵһˣȻǾ飬һԼʶŮ
Ҫ֪ڤУ㱾빴ģһֱûʱ䣬벻µǿԴСʱ͸עа˼ˣӦ𴿽˼룬ѹЩĲ֮硣
ĪĶЦЦȴǶĽеĺøȫޣķӣƭӣޣɫǡҪŷɡϵ峤һ㣡
㻹ûзӦʲôǡϵȴû뵽һֻ͸Ĳκɫûһɳ۶


1639 鳤
ϵǾͨźŵƷܹ¼˵ĻȻ͵һ˵ߣڷɸ봫飬ǸȻҪΪݡ
Ȼа취ǡϵɱҡ֮еģûҲüЩеĳϣʡ¡
Է˵һϵΪˬ˵㵽ûʰ֪ո˵Щʲô˼ô
֪
ҡͷ
֪㻹ĵĽ
ǳ˵ģиΪ˽ܵ췣ϾھϿЩۣ˵ⶼģ
˵ҸոѾϵųȥˣҪǲĻ͸Ͻܰɣڳǻûҵң

㻹û뵽С椵˿ɰ㻳ô죿ҿ£ỳеģ
ϵὫ֮ǰĶԻȫ֪ϣϻ֪Ǳȵģңͨ죬ǻа취ҵĺӴģ
Ҳǳϸģ
ǵģĺӾǱģ
ˣ⾫ľǻ㣬ʲôϵģ뵽Ҫ㴫ĽǾĳЩ齫׵ĴԱ
㻹ܣ
Щɣô°ѵô
ܣҪ㸺Σ
ҲҪ㸺ΣǾǾܺйϸģ棬Υ췣
췣
ðɣ䣬ЩĻɣƬѵǾưô
ȻǣϾɭȻǾĵ̣ɭԱȴһƬǾɭɧǣֻ˵ͻЩ˵
ˣ
ţˣаˣܹЩɱǿǾĹҲģһ֧ӳֵļʸȥԻеˣ
ݣݣݣ
˵꣬Զһ
Ǿľ죡
ܵЩ仹˵߰㽫
ߣ䣬ոں˵ʲôΪû
һԶΪ׿ڵ˳һֵȦһ֪ڷʧʧ߹ɵģĿĿ㣬ƺͲ۹ɱ
鶼վµĽǹݵվţǵŮ㶼ǲ⡣
ǾĳϣţҪĻһǸ˼˰Ů
ôӵļݴ࣬ҲȻɫȻԼ˵ͼȤζôҲǴӡ࡯ʼģҪֻع
Ҫǣոձһֲɣӣ֢ޣƭӣɫǡ
ŮᣬڶԶ
㣬˵ʲôȻϺᲢۣ
ϱòС
ѾǲˣòܹԵһֻô
Ц

ѪƬɭֵͼҳªޱȡ࣬Ϸ䣬Ȼ˷̱ϣ

ϵ֮ǰĶԻʵϱ峤һ䣬˹ɲеľֱҪ˽ģ
ţɱ࣬Ҫģ
ǣϣ
ѴľֳֽǹȻѾ׼ƣȻ͵Ҫʱȴ˵糤ϣлҪ˵
ʲôҪ˵ҪϷŹɣҪĻһߣ
峤Ȼͷϡ
ǵģֻǾرĪͳϾɭֵУҪ֪ƬɭǾľⲿصģ״ǵ߽
˵
ţȷ˵ִǱ߼ʣǶϢģСӾȻϢĽһ򵥣䣬ǱϱСˣĻô򵥵ĵô벻ͨأ
ȻԿһ
ţϣҾӦȽȥȻٺú˵ܴ̽ľأ
˵úã䣬Ȼҷ糤Ǹˣ֪ģ
糤Ϻȵ
Ҫ
㱻һƵŮסˣԭΪ䣬ϡ
Щ齫ɭֵĵشͨ·һЩѯʡνѯʡƺҲЩԼ̸еóĽۡ
Ǿļ԰ȫݣ֮һ㾫Ҷƶɵ̺൱Ȼţڷ糤ϲĽŲ̺˫ȱʱһľͰУߣֻһһĵģ
а룺ۻ治Щˣ
羫飬٣ôͽ˻
һ
ǣ峤ҷ糤ϳ֣ʧܹ˵һݹ࣬һޱȵ׳ʿϾɭ֣ѵô
糤˵
ãҾз糤ʿǣ
峤
糤Ϻܺҡҡͷ
峤ŽĿͶ㣬۹Ϊм糤˵峤ҷ糤϶ľ飬СӲǸϾɭľȻϢһ󽫣
󽫣
峤˫һȻҲˣǳƵǴ󽫵Ĳ࣬ץһȻܴԷ಻ð塣
Ȼ峤뵽һµ⣺糤ϣȻĴ󽫣ΪôץˣѵûеֿôӡУ಻Ǻϲǿֿô
ף
԰Сôûзİ
ҪĴ󽫣˵ʲôҲһͨ²ɱεߣִϾɭְ
ȿȣ峤ûеֿҲΪΣ
糤ҡҡͷ䣬Ϊ䣬СӽӴãܲµó뷨ô
²
Ҳҡͷ
ֹ飬Ĵ󽫷˵ֿǷ²飬Ǵ˳ȥҲû˻Űɣ
峤˼ǻԸ˵СһĪչεķ糤ϣ糤ֿ䣬俴˫ȱ÷ľͰУſһ赭дģ㣡
ҲѸоһĿȫѾԼ벻ͨƾ⾫峤;峤ͷԣȻܵԼʿ
ֻ˵ʲô̻͡
Щȫʲô˼֪Һ˧һֱŵĻһǻޱȺߵģлл
Ťͷȥ羰ˡ
࣬µ񣬾Ȼţסͣ
һⶾĻ湻ݵģֲģȻûһ糤ϣɲܷס͡
ţС椲֪ﱾۣ
ҪǷסͣô׳ʲôıأ
ƺеһĨ


1640 Ҫ
һʼΪ洿ʲôֹɱԼҲȫҪѣȴû뵽С椻ͦ򵥵ģֲ⾫еõӡ
۽ҪúúСˣĻΪӺ
䣬˵ĲһҪ뾡취ıƿʳ
糤˵
ðɣȫˣ
㿪ڡ
ˣ
糤ϻЩɣһ˵ã˵ΪηֵʵӦþ׾־ܵģ
Է糤ϵˮƽҪ˵ôһƵĻʵ̫ˣ˵ʵǵĴʹˣ
ʲô˼
Ǿôʵˣˣ
ˣƨҿ˻࣬ȫ׳һ
ǲױ¶ԼģǼȻôңҾǿ۽磡
˵꣬۾ȫĿɿڴˡ
ǿӰת˲ͱ׳ˣ׳˶ıԭޱϸĸ첲ҲôޱȣƤ֮⣬ٲȻһˣ
ǣ
ϱסľͰͻ͸ӲĳűˣľмһأΧһЩ鶼ЩĿģһôһ˻Ҫǿ׳̺֮ϣǰ˼̺ȷ
⡭ˣ
糤ޱȾȵ˾Ȼô
˲ᣬҲͬеСӣԣһʲôô
Ц
ոģû뵽Ǹһʶ㣬֮Ҳӳɵģû뵽ȻˣЩ飬
ʶҪܳʱ˵һ仰㶼ЩܵеķҪǧ¼ǸǺˡ
Сӣ
糤Ϻ峤һۣ˶ûзۡ
˵˵Сӣкƾ֤Ҫ֪ȻûдַǾ壬еҲжŵģ
жţ㵹˵ҿҵģ
۾Ȼ֪˵ֻթԼԼ·ţСͱ۶۵ĺܡ
Ȼƿԡ
糤Ϻ峤˶ͷûкŬ糤˵˵СӣǺãΪʲôǣѵûô
ʲôҿɲϲǾ壬Ŀĵģ
˵
ʲôĿģ
ϲǾһ
ֱӵ˵
ϲǾĹ
糤Ϻȵ㣬ΪСӣǾͲҶ㣡
ҿô嶼žôҷôԶʺĵطô
˵ޱȷɰһ̺ϵһľƵ棬ľƵһֻгϺ峤ܹ档
Ҳû˶㡣
Щˣɫ찡ϲǾĹ֪ϴǸǾʲô³ôȶݺݴˣ
糤Ϻȵ
ȣ糤Ϊ㺦ˣ˵֪˰ɣȻ˺ǾҲֻǱ߼ʷһЩСĦǺһƲķҲǾСǿס˵ĵȵģ
ⶾ˵ʱ򻹶忴ȥ
ҲЩ΢졣
㳯һôˣ·Ҳˣؼڿ㣬ȻȻѿˣ·ˣҲ¶ˡ
Ǳ˶ȻεȻȴ治ɫĲĽСԭģҲǻָԭ״ûһ㣺ôˣǿôˣǵǿأ
Ǿ鷱һ㣬ǣôˣֻӵϾɭôһ̣أţܿ죬Ǿͽӵ㹻ʵһս
㣡
Ƕ
Ǿ֮ȴǾ˵е
Ǿȷţԭķʵڲ̫УͲҪƶʲôƻߣһԾƽܹһ麢ֽǲ˵ģҲһֱ죬Ǿ˿ʺںĶ£
ҲܹػϾɭˣţ붼û
ǾкƽΪһô
кƽǵʱǱ๥ݵʱ򣬿ɲҪ˰æҲǳкƽ
ʼ硣
ô˼Ǿˣ
糤ϵһЩüͷ֪еһжҳģ֪ڻ᲻ἤ
ţ֪൱֮ν˵ô
Ҳ˽⣿
֪֪ˣսǾ֮ôΪû֪ʶ֪ʶıˣ֪ô
ƣ൱еĽ˷ܼ򵥣
ʲô˼
糤ʵ
Ƕʵ˼
Ҳ΢΢üġ
֪
ָŷ糤ϵıϴһɺǿƣָߴʤĸоһеӺһеŮӽ飬˫γ׼ңϼףԺͬˣ
Ŷԭͽһȷϼװգ
糤Ͼôˣոձǰڻƨһ̣ķ糤ȴѹСʲô˵СӣϾɭ֣ǾΪϣȨҫС̫ˡ
ȿȣ˼ǣ˵ǾԲԣ
ȻޱǿǱܶԸǣ
㵭˵
ʵȴǰЦҪ֪۾ҪװŪߵģ᲻ȫ嶼谡˭С˽أ۶ƣǰΪ۵Ůˣ
峤أҵΪС˵Ҳ޵ǿƣǾԸǵȷޱȣ֧־Ͳһˣ
糤˵ͬ뷨ҪΪСӣ͵ˡ
ţ糤Լǣ
㿴峤ڴӦҲȻ֪ûʲôģ룬澹ȻңŹ֣֮ȻڹӲдȫСѾͷ
糤Ͽ峤ͷҲ˵˵˵㿴ǾļҹˣȻ㲻Ҫ˵ңǲͬģ
Բۣ
治֪Ķǻһ˵ִ治ĻҲֻܹ鹦Լʵ̫ˣ˿ɵͨԣ⾫Ҳһ
ģҾѡһֻҲܻѡģ
˵ҿϵ䣡


1641 ɸ봫
䣿
糤һû̫⣬嵱Ưľ飬ԭ嵱овϲ䣬ǰСϲҲ۹⡣
ҿˣŰɣ
˵
ȴһԸ֮ԻЩ鹭ס֣ʵҲҪȡϵܣ־Ͼ峤ˣôܻڴʱŮ˽飬οһﻹˣӡУ˶ޱȴݣȻһ￴Ǹɾ˭֪ڼлأ
㿴£Ҳżĸ֮ý֮ԣ⾫壬С椻Ҫⶾģ
糤Ϻ峤һۣƺҲȻ˿̣嵱һԴ˳һã峤Ǿ֮Ůģ
ҲһվԣǸߴӢľ飬Ŀ⵱ǵ⣬ȻҲϲ䡣
ŵ˻ȥûķݣ
糤Ϻȵ
ûв´ŵǾһеĽӣڹĻǸ߸˧ҲϲʱˣҪ䵱ŵʱһھжĶŵŵ׷ŭˡ
ߣ
һ˻һ˫ŭľҪð㡣
СӣпΪľ飬۹⣬ĳأ
糤˵
һ˵ŵ͸ӷŭˣѵ糤ϻ뽫ȥ壿ˣ
ôѵԵִϾɭ֣ĳôҪ֪ɲǾ壬ǿæĺܣҸϲӣ˴ȫҵͳ֮£Ҫ÷Ҫꡭ֪Ҫʲô⣿
ĵЦ
̬һǳɣʹ˸ûаȥ˵Ļ
㹻
糤Ϻ峤ͬʱ˵ðɣûʲôأ
Ҳϲ˽㣡
㣿Ǻܹ֣
糤ûлĻ
ϾӰۼҪˣЩһȻ׾ٵġ
峤ɣ
ţܹˣҲǾһֱ뷨ҲһܺõĻᣬҾ
峤зŹ⡣
⡭
һãȻ峤ǻûʹҵ
еκιҪˣģ䣬ѵӻ⣬Ҫ֪ȨȨ£
ϸ˿Ҫ뷨һֱҪľھзܶΪ峤û˿Ȥ
ǣҪóȻܾ㣬Ȼ峤ͷ糤ϴŭֺãºͣӣ˵ϲңҪȢңǣ֪֪ǾеĹȴô׻ϲһ˵ģ
ţΣ
˵
糤Ϻ峤ҲһɻĿ䣬ûд
ǾгǾеĹﶼӵϵģΪӣһμңҪȢңδǾ忴åΪ
˵
ðɣҵ֪˵ʲôҸ㣬ԽΪĿĵΪŽˣå
ǣҲϲ㣬ĻõҵˣҲòҵģ
ü
ߣСһòģԲܣ
ŵҲս˫ȭʼճһ峤ͷ糤ڣ޷
糤Ϻ峤ûпڣȻҲ˵ĻЩǣǿǸ뿴̬ȡ
ãӾҪõģɣһϾɭִһʱ䣬ʱڣϲˣҪӦ޸ңΪҵŮˣҲϲҵĻ㻹ֻܼ޸ң
Ц
Ե˵˵û˵е˶᲻ô
ôû˵䣬⾫пĹΪһҪô
ţ
۾һЩֻҪһҾͳˣ˵ǺãͰ˵
аС椻Ϊۻ⾫ôҲã⾫дһʱ䡣
ΧһЩŮ˵飬Ҳ΢죬һֱ룬ҪСܹѡǾͺˣǾܹڼˡ
ˣȻǶòˣ㣬˵Ҫһʱ䣬еĹ²ᵣô
ץ֮ǰѾɸ봫ˣ֪ǰȫģ
ɸ봫ʲô
ǾеġϵźŵĶ
ЦЩǲûкĽҲȷʵˣҪ֪˶ľӶ࣬ºͣټϲ˵Բͨ彻ࡣ
źƷǾϵĻܣ岻Ҳ

㱻һ侫µľݵУЩݺͻʥݴϲֻ࣬ǾеľҪԵЩסĶʰݡ
ʶܹܳݱվսʿ˵˵㲻ΣյģʵҲֻǼ㡣
ⴲͦģҪŮ§һ˯ȷˬ
ĴϾɭеϾľƳɣϾľʷƾã±ȹеĶľҪ̫࣬ϣе
ȻϡۻҪ֮ȥ̸̸ֽˣ
㿪ʼ

һݵ棬սʿڽ̸
һˣǷͼֹľ塮߸˧ŵ
üͷ壬߼Ҳǿķգһ˵ŵ磬Сϲ䣬ǾǲʵˣЩҲһֱеĽǽͯŮĴڣСʲôأӰˣģҲûúأ
ʵŵȴҪѷɫһЩȻԴڵĿЩ鱾Ҫ˱Բм۹⣬˳࣬ȻƽĶۡ
ߣ
ŵһû˵
ŵ磬ǻǵһοǰЩ㻹նɱһԱͽΪҪ糤ףû뵽ȴǱСӽȵˣ
ǰʱ䣬ŵȷնɱһǿսʿʱȷǷϲԵ糤Ҫʲôʹ͵ʱû˵£֣
ֶпǳֿУް̫ڲվǻᱻûڲٵֵġ
ȻŵУûڲٵļһ
У㣬Ҿóѣ࿴һۣҶڣ
ŵ˵ҪһŪСӣ


1642 ̺
µգܲ
ںУ㶼ѿҹˣ
ǵǺڰ磬Ƽսֺʹõ򲻸ظܶ಻ҪǮܿҲûС
䵱СʱеϿվͺѵεɫա
ȻϾʱĵǹصĸоһС
ϣһпϪĲƺ¡
ȻΪҪǶϪһλ绪Ůڴתˣտ
Ů䡣
Ҳûмʶﴵ⾳Զĸ֣䣬ȴһζ㰲ƺϣ
ӣѵõȫɣڻ䵱УƺҶ˼С㡭Ϧ˰ȣ˹ڿ޿ŮÿһžնǿƬһӡԺУþĥˣ㶼ٻþľһֱغ
ǣ
濨סüͷ΢壬˫ȻͶԣǳɫȹڵϣһ־⾳вһذף˿ûлذ׵ķ̶ȣᣬһڵľ
ô᲻ɱң
ʶˣ͸оһߴһԼƽγذףҪһ̣֮ͣҧ̽ȥȴͣվûдȥ
û˵ذҲҪ
ȴһֽذ˳ߡӡһ˳ЦЦƻҽ˯εУȻذҪţ뷨ͦģֻĻݣ˵ҵ˧ıע⣡
ߣԡ̺ƻ䵱УҪذҪ
ϵұɱģֻ˵ӣɱ㣬ǾԽѱס
Ϊ˴ﵽԼĿģɱ㣬ʹȫݣҪġ
ðɣôͻȻ뵽ҪɱңôҪô
ҵȫƻҵļƻУ뿪Ͼɭ֣ҲȥʲôҲϡ
˵
ʼҪ뿪Ͼɭ֣ˣ
˵
Ҫ֪ǻص˺ڰĴǰȻסĵطƬ
侪ȵĿһۣȻһſڴƻƣƾʲôô϶ֲ
Ҫߣ
ҵԸ
ٴγԾʼʱ˵ǾŮʱʵĲ׳С뻹δκء
ǾУ峤֮λǴвŮ糤λȨأҲ޷Ϊ峤ǾĹأ
˵
˵ʲôҪһصûȤ
Ц
ͷ
ڵϣϵһβͲݣ֣ǰŲŴɱңЩһž͸ˣ
䳤ĶҲ΢΢һҡҡͷģҪɱ㣬ԼУˣ
ӱˣĶҲǼãóŵȾսʿǱƽ
û˵ʲôҸ㣬ȻСӣڵȴǲǿǼһҿɶԸˣҪȫ
˵
Ҫݵ䣬ȻҪһ򣬶Ļ£ЩȫԲδľŮκζĵĿܣ
ʾȴԷԮϾŮְķĵĸԶ
䣬ôҲûжʲôɣ
ֻսʿ˸
ŵվ룬촩һɫľսף䲻Ϳʵڣȷˡ
Ȼȴһֱ²𣬼û˼Ҳϲ
˵һֱûеȵǸĵˡ
ûУھ嵱УûǸӣ
Ȼڲƺϣŵ㻹һξ룬֮Ҳ̸ԣҪͣŵҲ֮ûʲôġ
ԣойɻ
ţС鵹ĺܣûҺֽоôֳĹ̥˼ƻ⾳
˵ЩϷʵ˼
ŵ⻰ķ裬棬СӾȻִŵҪ֪ҿ⾫嵱й˧ľսʿ
Ϊǰ־ʿķȣûѡŻеʣŶû뵽ҲɣǾⷽмʶ֪ܷһҵ
һǲļһԶȼı䣬׼ײӾҪǰʧˡ
ţӴһ
Ц
ȻΪ⣬ŵһ
Я˳ͨɫںҹУɢ⻪һȥ֪ǷƷϲɣŵǾдһеﲻ֪Ҫ϶ٱҲΪɵԵʣ䲢ŵȻɿܹͨɵжŵȻҲϲŵԸ
ŵ磬ͣһʤŵļһģ
սʿͬһ㣬ŵ͡
俴һ㣺ȷҪԣ
һ»ỳô
ϷŰЦ
ߣ
ҡͷһɰ̨ȴû뵽ĵ¿ηΣŵǰҲãЩˣҲɣ
Ҫ֪䴵һ̺дЧǲɵˣҲҪ˫˼άƵУ壬ģսɾѾǲˣҪ洵һ϶ǲܵġ
ŵ˫ְ֮ϣѾʼ
ò˵ƿɵĻǲһˣӡҲֻǱôһ⾳ȻҲŵʵǸխ֮ˣΪУǴһֺġ
һ־ϲΪŵɽƿر֮ǰҪӾ׼˼֣Ŀ⿴㣬ҪϿһ㾪ȵı飬ΪʼվþһĲɣԶܻмָİɣ
ֻʧˣϷǵûа㾪ȣһʼ磬ںӣּϵʯͷĳ嶯
һôĿɺޡ
ӣѾһΪˮƽԣ̺ģҲҪ㴵һͽ̣
ŵ˵
սʿۿ㣬һСӶȻǸä
㴵Ҳһˮ׼ɣﴵŮҲˣѵǴ֮ã
ҡҡͷȻҪɱذУŪһ


1643 ˷ȥ
˵ʲô
Ǽλսʿվסˣһָֻŵ˫嵱УҲֻܺʲôһˣȻ˵ŵ磡
УذҪʲôɱ˵ƿɵ
ŵǻ˻֣ʾǲҪ㣬ȻһʿķȣԺҲһֱھԼǧҪΪ˵ʲôҪŭӣӵбҸߵˮƽôȻʸ˵ңԼûа㱾£Էڰɣ
Ҳ΢΢üһŵҲˣȻذôߣҲո治Ӧʴȡ
ֻϧӳ̫ûдﰡ
ذǰϷ˼£һĻŵһŭȻû
ûżҵﶼԽ㣬ӣֽǺˮƽأ
ŵЦ
ߵļսʿ˳״̬Щξժζ
ǵ˰ɣʢУ˭֪ǵĿˮûвر㣬ոձӶĿˮ֮ˣҿ⸱飬ͱһ˵ڳѾã
ҡҡͷ
ߣ˵ʲôȻ˵ǵߣ˵ŵпڳСӣд
һսʿȵ
Ǻĺ⽫֮óȴû뵽ᱻȻ˵ŵпڳսʿվŵԣŵҲ³һǻ
ףóĪŵ绹пڳ
ֺĵʱʧ˴룬ǲҽ˵
ҡҡͷȡ֣Ҳ;ԲŵɵģĵһﲻҪԼǰˣŪŵˣûа汾¡
תߣһذȴǴǰȥڱܷӦӹذףȴû뵽ȴǱ˳Ƴߡ
û֫ĽӴŵҲûзŭĻһͷȥġ
ţ㣬ǣǵҪʮǧȻǵɢȫǳζѬ죬߸ûñȽϣ
˼£ζȷʵ˱ǣҪ֪Ⲣʲôҩˮݶɵζڳڱ䣬մȾϵ㡣
㣬˵ʲô
˵Ҫҵ
ϳŭôôҪذҷģʵȴҵûκһأ֣
ŶǱӵĿҺֽδķ޹ϵأýۣδ˵㣡
Ц
޳ܣ
㣬ҲŲ㣬һɸ֣˵ҶὫ㣬ȫɵӣǻҲҪ
ŵҲЦѾ֮ˣȻûСԽԽʱԼûȤõģ׷䣬±Ͷ̥ɣ
ţŮ˵ĶӶҲòߵģΪӻأ
һӣﱻ䱦ƽס˲±Ū˰㡣
䣬㲻ҪСһƽϣ岻ݵôЩ۹¶ˮ㽫֮ϣܽСе۹ȫɾ
ŵǼսʿΧԣһƿ¶ˮڸһµĽ⣬̸֮һ֤ԼǸеʿС֮
ȻڴʱһԶɴӲԶ

ûŵо¶ˮ˼ˣʵ̫أɫɶʹһڴУ⼸սʿİΧȦ˳ȥһ۾ȻһʯͷϣǱǷ㴵ȷԴ㸽֮ʱҲ΢΢Щ
⣬ûôģһ¸У˴ã﷢֣
ôģ
Ĵ࣬ˣʹ鲻ԽǰоȻһƬҶߴǾȵĲ㽫Ҫõȥ
һƬƺ֮ϵƯŵҶܴô
ôܣ
ˣ᲻ݴˣ
ôôɣ
ŵ絶һ㣬֪һеʱüͷһֱ˫ȭҲǽץûһ϶ܹ㴵ɱʵĶģ俴Ŀ⵱УǴ𾪣̾Ȼ˾壡
ŵǴδԱ㾴壬嵱еɴʦҲܡ
ɣСӴɣ찡ŵ磬ȻһƬҶʹôɣ
һսʿҲѾһˣȻĴǱŵݺŭӣŵøϽ˵Сŵ紵ĺ
һˡ
ĽеҶڱϣղҶһ統Сʱѧһӣġ̡ҶҲǵʱʦ̹ģȻ㻹츳ƿɵǿڱ˶ղ
봵ҶܾЩװƵɣȻ˵ǲɵç˵ʲôҲ̲
ˣҲȫç򣬿ңˡ
ЩˣȻȥЪϢˣֽɴ۾ӣǿɰˣ
Ĵ˸Ƿ׼뿪
תʱȻǿŵ˾Ŀ⣬Ȼûаں
ԭأ㶵ĿıԶֹƺ˽㣬㷽Ÿĸоȴޱȸߴ䣬΢΢ԼԱ
ŵȫŭˣҪ֪ߵʱ۶ûƹȻԼǱˣȻ߹ʱȴûӳȭͷƶѹסһ
ŵһֺƵУܣԵ䣬еĳݸԽԽǿ֪ϲɵģһǼΪ԰ܹĳУ㣬еӡı䡣
ŵһľսʿʹɫ˵ҵǾСȻĲƺҶɢĳɲܴﵽЧСӵĸԣΪһЦˣ
ţЩȷʵܹͨú죬Ǿ岻ôһô
ŵҲ˵
ֻô
ҡҡͷûŵˣ뿪ˣеǣ㷽ǰ̬ûСԼһЦ˼˻ɣһﵹ治򵥡


1644 ǻӵ
ȻһЩ޹ؽҪ˸Լǿյգ㲢ûа㲻ģ෴Ǿһ˯þˣ£ξУпԼĳ֣
ţǸӱ۵³ֽվӲҵģ
аļ
һ磬ܹ߶ʶ̽ȥ֪ԭǾսʿ͹ֶѵ
㣬糤Сһˣ
в²𣬲ûǰ֮⣬վھݵ⣬Ƿ糤ġ
ûݵе춯ҲظһոյĻ
û졣
ôûأ
仹ڿҪҪȥȴȻ뵽ѵˣ

û׽ƿΪľ֮ϣȴûпӰЩˣһӻˣ治Ӧô˵ҲһӰ
Щڣ˵һЩȷ˺ģĻ֮ôܻǰĮ뿪
תҪȥͷ糤ϱϢһȴǹ

ţǰһӰԴζЦĿ㣬װŪ
δ˽Խҷ䣬˵װŪô
ûйţǴģ
ԺϴʱǲǿԼٽ贫֮ķ䣿
һ֪һҪҵķһҪ˵һȻӲҴΪʧǾŮӾ㲻ô
޳ܣ
ţһԼţ죬Ȼ˵ӲСѶƿţȻ˵ǾŮԲ㲻֣ʲôʸ˵ֻ
ǵģ޳ܵҪһ͵壬£Ʒ¸е֮٣Ůˣ
̾Ϣҡҡͷ
Ҳ˵ˣ
Ҫ뿪㵲ǰűס
ٲȻһܱյķ䡣
һһŮɲŮò䵱дӴ͸ǽ⣬ʱЩ
㲻ߣ
Ҫʩչǰһƻɡ
ȻԷݣȴ뷨Ҫ֪Щ̫أû򲻵ѣܶ䡣
˵ͨ˵ͨ
иף
˹˵δ˷ĿˣҪͲܵõԭ£޷뿪䣡
ã͵Ҵˣý
˵
ʲôҪɱ㣬ٺ˵Բ𣬹ô
ҡͷ﷽ʽɲ

ǣӵ
˵
ǣӵ
üҽʲôô߰Ĺأ
ֲˣֻ뿪䣬Ļ׼ʬ̤ȥɣһҵϣ
㣡
㵲ڴǰ棬ͼȴǿ̵ĽŹϣ֪ΪʲôҲ޷ס㣬ȻǿֻǾöԷһܹƽķϾӡ
ûռұˣ޳֮ͽ
˵֮ˣƷ񶼼ȸУȻѾŵ˵ĳģֻ˰ˣ
㣬ȥǣӵ㡣
ʼ磬׼˵ЩʲôȴǴɴÿŵƿļ䣬ûʲôɣôһ﷿ˣûаôɣ
ŵɫЩ仯ҲǵҪ֪һͷǼ䲻ˬġ
ûʲôȻصС
ҡҡͷҲû˵ʲô߿ˡ
ŵݺݵһۣҲˡ
һЦѾͷԸңռʱ¶ȫװģֲԺΪŮɾһмѭ

С
ǧƵӣһ㣬ӵܲ͸磬ҲϾɭؾԪǳĵضΡ
Ǿսʿ͹ѵط
һ˵ԸսʿɣŮϸɡ
ȻҲвپ飬ּɶѧϰŵǾһٮٮߡ
糤վǰĿ⡮Сһֱơ
ȻҲЩʵϣһǧ֮ȡ׼Ҳǿš
һ鹭սսǵһǹԲ㣬ʸûȥԼ۵һܿС
ߣϰ㶼ȥˣôʱѾܹٲսɱˣ
糤ߵǰѵ⣺Ľǹ̬һι
СЩӣҪȴǱ糤ŵ빭
Щޡ
糤Ҫѵ⣬ԶŵҲǴС￴䣬ǿǹһ㣬ɱȥ󣺡㣬ǹǹ̫ˡ
糤ϣֻǸӣҲ֪ⲢŬ£
ͷ
Ҿ嵱Уûǹĺӣÿһλ飬ǹŬ͹ãΣ
糤Ϻȵ䣬ÿҪԽ
㣬£
ҡͷ
⾫嵱УȻ·糤ϡ
ÿ
仹̻ȴ糤ϵأŵҲһȰ䣬糤ǷŭǿǺܿµģʱ㶼ҪܵطС˺ģ㲻õˣ
ԣһ͵ģ㲻Ҫ£
ɿ֡
糤ǰеĽǹ˹ɫ£Űٽ﹭Ժǵ壬ǵĶݼףҪǧ﹭ܻʱվһһǣ
ʮһ꣬ͱͬҪСŬҲû̫࣬൱ͬڶٽ﹭ٽ﹭ˣ
糤ѵ˹䣬Ȼǰʾ˼׼󽫽ǹܷڹǰϰһͷʱ㻹ûнǹȥˣ
仰ŵùֿˡ
תŵǸл˵
˶糤Ҫ飬˶ڷ糤ϱ󣬴ţأԭʹ̰Ŭ˵õĻҪܷ糤ϵĴˣɲźߡһǹһ룬ûСͨ죬ۿҪжȻ˭֪˿̣һº͵עֱ۵С


1645 ɣ
ޱȣֱ۵Уһɼֲıը˲Ҫǹ練ƣǹͬʱܺĻһۣףһﲻ챻²Сôոպֱ۵йأ
ΪԼ˸ޱ˧ഺٵPOSSҪСԼݸеģϾҲǸˣǸ˾ϲ˿䣬ǹֿɰС뵽ҪǴ֮ŵ뿪ǷӦýջȥСͷ˫ɶԣ
ȻС򿪿˵Ļȴޱơ
壬ոô
Һϣ
ǰ첻ǱôôߴҾӦ壡
СڳݻЩ壬֣ɱԣһż״̬Ҵ󲿷˧ģ
С㻹һС
Ҳͦϵİ
С˵š
Ȼ˵ϣϵģ
㳯С˸˭֪СȻıһһɣŵĹȻһڽǹǶͻȻɳǷǼʸ糤ǹһ㼤ȥ
Ŀɿڴ

ŵ䣬ҽ˹̸̸С飡
糤ĳ
糤ϣȫոջǸߣһ㶼ûаǷأǺˣǾ岻֪Ҫܶί䣬Ǿϣ
ŵȲ˵
䣬أ
糤ϣҡ
䲻֪˵ʲôãҲ͸ɴû˵
糤ϣ˵ʲôҶͲһ㶼룬ֻСһֱ䣬ڼǰЩѣ
ŵ˵˵׶Ǹӣ֪ΪʲôҪǾ壬һôǼˣ
ݣ
һȻŵͷƤϲٶȷɿ졣
вپ麰Ǿ䣺ϣСģ
δ
ʸŵͷƤǡһһ֮ϣʸβҡμ£ִĿĵĸо
⣬˭ļ
ŵ͵ػͷҲ˷糤Ͼڱϡ
Ҫ֪ղǼʸҪˡ
ȻŵɥǱʸУҲҪ˰Ľ֮ǰ
ǣ
һսʿԼЩŰ˵ȷȷʵʵǿŹĹ
糤ϺҲǿһʧı飬ǵĿתϵʱȴǿһνģ
ʸģһ㣡
ŵŭˡ
ߵǰҲǰûо˵㣬ɱôǸղǼʸ֮壬ҿܾڵˣ
ﲻ֪ԷǽⷢӣŵʵǼʸȻЩҪɱܣҲܵˡ
ȻҪ⾫ñ֪㣡
ºС䡣
ŵһ
糤Ϻȵ
ŵ۵㣬˵糤ϣıɱ㲻ӲɣѵǾû˵ֵǮ
û֤ݣ㲻Ҫ㣬˵ǹСģ
糤˵
û˵Щίӡ
˻ȥСûˣҪ£
ŵȴǲӣܣôĿǹ϶ɵģ
糤ȴҪΪ绤ϾӣϣھͲìܣô֮ͥ£Ƿ糤ϰŵѵ㣬ȻʧԷϡ
ǱӸɵ
˵мְԵ
ţڳˣСӣıɱңҾҪУܣϿԣ
ŵȵ
һֱѰĻᣬܹ˳ڽŵµĻᡣ
һЩսʿҲŵĸԣΪһսơ
㾹ȻҪɱǾսʿ
Ӿɱô
ԣ֪Ǿ

Ƕ塣
ȻЩԿˡ
糤ΪѣҪƵϱס㣬Ȼ˭֪һȴԸ³ˣʹ֪˵ʲôˡ
糤ȻϲʹǿȨڣȻǸʹǿȨʱ
ٵȵȣһбأ
糤ϣӣŵҲԲɱĻ˴Ǿ嶼Σգǣң˵ʲôʲȥ
Ҫо
ܴ
ŵʵڸ糤̨£ֻҪӦһж˵ˡ
Ȼɱ㣬ǽĸһģǻеģȻʱ˿ҲֻYYŰĳˡ
֮ǰ˵飬ѿ֮أǾ㱻Ϸ֮䳹ײˣһܵʹҲá
аԮȻͬ飬Ͼֱ֪ۣһ£ǹжֱ֮۶ᱻţˡ
;ɣעܵеɣ
˵
עôҪʲôעӮôʲôע㶼ϣҪ֪ҿǾ˫޵սʿ㲻Ҷ֣
˫ޣʵҲսʿɺ͹ᣬĲ
⾫壬ŵȷʵ
ϱӺֽЩᣬӮĻֽӦھһ죬Σ
˵
ʲôҪһ죿һھУ
ŵȻȻ뵽һЩ֮໭棬֪ǲܵ飬˴ֻŵ
㱾һôˣǱҪȢŮˣҲҵţҪ󣬲ְɣ
֮ľΪҪǣ
˵
ŵΪܾȴû뵽侹Ȼ˵УŵҴӦһܣѾȲĿģˣ
Ŷã䣬ģұ֤
ŵ˵
һϲ֣صۿ˵ȻлЩĮⲻҪһܺõķչʼŵѾʼϲˡ
Ȼ֪ǣ䴿㣬ҪŵͶŵûаøС
һ޷ӵľǾսʿдҲãȻҪ㵽ֹرŵбҪĻһģ
糤Ͼ
ţ糤ϣŵ֪̫ݵģİɣ
ŵЦ
ŵʤݺСӣ
ľ鶼ȫһ浹ľû˿ȤζԣϾŵǾһٮٮߣʵǿ츳һһֳֵĹվԶɱ㡣
㣬˻Ὣ󣬻֪ʲôˣ
ⳡû˻ῴ㣬ȻȴΪ˵㣬ҾǸӮޣڿһɺֵأ


1646 Ϯ
ֵ
䲻⣺Ϊʲôô˵
ΪոǽǹǹСȥģ
㣿
š
֮ǰ˲֪ٱ飬ܽǹ˵ѹȥŭŵҪ֪ŵ㷢սȫΪĹŭˡ
ԼĹ
Ǵֱеǵһǹأָо̫ˣ
𷽲󹭣һ˷ܡ
Ҫ֪ͬ飬ʮһ궼޷ǹŬԵȴҲޱĽܹͬǹܾԼԶ޷ǹһ
Ȼǹȴƻá
Ȼֱ֪ۣȴȻǼ俪ĵġ
ֻǹһʱСģ˳ȥŵ磬ǹأ
ҡҡͷ
ԣû˻ģ
СԴ鵱Ҳ𺳵ĺܣԭΪҲŵ˭֪Ȼ飬һڵأ
ʱ˶˺еĵضθ˳
ŵʮŵĿ嵱бһƣѹȸС
ȴһں̬ȣƺûаŵ
㣬һ֪ǾսʿǰСͬһ㣡
ŵȵСӣѾνԴԼˣӣҲԼϾܽˣ
ֽ
ȴʱ򿪿ˡ
ûаΪĽŸС
ţ
Ҳ⣬һˣʲôƣսӦøעŵô
סǵԼŶ
ЦҲûôһŭı飬תǿŵ㣬ȵѾ˰Ҫٲһۣǲǻᱩأ
㣬ߣ㣬ûõģǾľսʿֹˮĻҲٲ֮ľʼˣ
ŵ͵سź˳ͻȻֳһѷ̹ĽǹӰڱѸҲ͵ң
ȥɣ

һȵ
һ֧ʸݡһ㡣
ŵļ군ˣ
˵
ӿǧҪеͣһʸͽǾҪùˣ
糤Ϻǵġ
ϾӣϾɭֵУĹŭŹ֡
Ȼһ̣ĵģת˾ȣ
Ǹʸһ˲䣬㻹ûж㿪Ȼ͵ǼʸҪʱȴĶ㿪ˡ
Ϳԭƶ
ߣ˳һ㲻ʮ壡
ŵߵ뷢
֧ʸ㡣
Ȼ
ܣ
ôܶĹȥ
ôļ٣ңվԭûж
ŵţûй֧ʸ뷢
ÿٶȣ뷢κβ
СӣĹһ

糤Ҳһһʼܵ㣬ܹŵҪɱǲ̫ܵġ
ŵһǽǹ㣬ѵѵıôҪҿ㣡
úЦҪ̫ߵŵļʸôܴӽǹû뵽ԷԽʮ㣬治֪Ҫһһأ
ɣ
ŵ˫ȭ磬ھսʿȭҲƵǲȭХȥΪȭ㶨Ȼܲˣȴû뵽㿴׶֮ŵ޷һ㣬Ÿֱˤȥˤ˸ʺ
⣬ܣ
ŵһĻҳ
ſŵűһʯͷʯͷǶŵǱʯͷ˰ɣ
ŵվȴǱһֻŲ棬΢΢һٴڵˡ
ŵȻˣ
찡СӾȻŵıϣ

ҲһȣŵǷΪһʯͷİоһȵĿ⿴ĿЩϷʵ˼ֽȻ˼Ҫ㣬һ죬㶼Ǳӵˣ
ŵſڵϣͷȻ󣬵Ҳܷסģˤ֮ǰԼΪʯͷ£֮ȣһ£һϣȫûпɱԡ
ӾȺеȻ뿪ŵŶԷıӰʧӦŭȻ˿ȴǷԼȴЩ־㣡
ŵ磬ôģǲǹİ
ǰŵ磬ûİ϶ǿʯͷŵ磬ҪٸҺһ϶Ӯ
Ҫң
ŵƿǼֻսʿֱۣͷ뿪
ŵ磬ô˰
϶ʵûзӳСͶȡɣİŵɶˣôǰ˾

㣬ôҪȥô
ȥ
ҡͷ

ھݵУûаѷŵľϣ˵ʵŵĲʵ̫ǿǲϾɭ̫ߵŵվǰ
ʱĵ򻹲֪ģСݵ֮󣬱Ҫ뿪⾫ˣ
㰵
һ죬û뿪һڶҲȥȻȴǿһֻġϵ
ֻϵɵУſ򣬷
Ͼɭⲿһ֧ٸ߽Ԯ
ʧǡϵҲǷˣҲһʹõͨѶߡ
Ϯͦ˼ģģȻҸӣǺܹҵģ
ϴЦ⡣

Ͼɭֱ߽硣
һֻֻսʿ֮䣬ϵõ߽Ѳߵľսʿ鱨ϵĿĲԶ֧
ûг֣оսʿҵ
һγڱ߽磬ҲҪ̽飬һսҪɱƯԶϾɭ֣
糤Ϻȵ
ǣ
˾սʿ͵
ŵ㾫̫ãô£ܵӰ죿
ûУ糤ϣǳ˵ʤ˱ҳôͽʤ֮ԺˣοҲֻǲСĲľģӣҲû㣡
ŵ˵
ȥ˺ܾãջǲԸȥԼʵϾΪ׷䣬ҲŰʾ
ͺã䣬֪ͨ㣬֪ͨûУ
ţѾáϵ֪ͨˣ
ͷǷ糤ͳϵϵ߽ģĿĲԶҲҪʶʶսʿնɱӢ£ҪС
Ŀ⿴УȴûκӰһ˿ʾʱϾɭֵı߽ǳһ
ķɻ


1647 һ˫
ķɻǼѸͣЩɫڻޣǻ˫ᣬܹչ߷ɣҲĲսǾսʿЩɻĶ֣ΣҪ£ˣ
о
ϾɭֿеΧһ㾫ȱµǿ磬Ҳܹ֤еһвƻ
ҲǾϢȫش
սһ𣬾ľ󲿷ֶǲиԴӴ
Ҿ̫ˣŻʹôߣǿǸȥ۸ôһǺĲӾҪָʤһȻǿҲĲ𣡡
糤ϣ˼Ҫɱ֧ɻ
Ҫһķ̣
糤Ŀսǰλȥ̫׵ĳϣǷǳġ
һֻֻɫڻѾڱ߽شһᶼûչͫ۾ȥ쳣ֲϱһֱͦʿЩʿɫ£ϸ̽Χ
ͣ
Ϊ׵һȵ
ŵֻɫڻͷģƺѾһЩ״
ãˣ
糤Ϻȵ
ɣսʿǣУҲ㲻ͷɫڻ
ȵ
ݣ
սʿȫܳȥӰֱЩǰ֡

ɫڻȫ
Щųû뵽Ȼڱ߽ǣǵΪ
ȵʵϣǽִϾɭ֣ΪĹѰһﵱȴǲ޽
ʲôֻΪĹѰ
ΪְϷƭô
糤ҡͷ
ߺߣ糤ϣǾҪģǼȻˣǷɻҲǶȻȫյȫյģｫǾľ񲿶ȫնɱǾ廹㣡
ȵ
Щɫڻǽܵһ㣬ȫſĿ׺ݣ֫ǿ׳ȻҪɱǰЩ顣
󣡡
ͬʱսʿҲʧԭأǽǷңЩɫڻ䶶ҵ
޾꣡
糤Ϻȵ
о鹭еĹ뷢һ㣬ȫ˳ȥ
ݣݣݣ
һʸȥ췢ȻЩɫڻȴſ͵سĴ
СĹȥļʸ;סЩĻȫ۶ϵϡ
ĹȥļʸҲᱻǿס
ֻһЩܹЩɫڻܵ˺
ȻҲֻѪ˰ˣ
΢
糤ϣǾѵصľսʿѵҲսôߺߣѹĲֵУûЩλãΪǸǵĶ֣
ȵ

糤оսʿȫԴĵˡ
׷
ɫڻҲȫϾɭֵı߽лһβСľ룬Щɫڻķȫ֮ǰסǡ

ɫڻټڼԼѾסսʿܷɿľսʿҲҪȥԮЩҪץסľ飬ȻȻһֲֻֻ˹ĳɫڻŵòҾԮˡ
УҪǣ
ȴȻͷ
нǹŹâ뷢һֻɫڻֻɫڻĳĲܶˣԭϱŵ˸ˤ
䣬ǽеܸɫڻ˺ľսʿ
䣡
סļսʿоŵ˿һȰ䣬Ҳǳ΢΢ͷȻͷҲʹ÷糤ϵļƻңҲǺȵͷԮǾսʿҪЩۣ
ǸСǣһֺõļȻܹóɫڻˣߺߣҳúƯŮ˿
ֱ˼ֻй²֮ޣ
ȥģҪ۹£ĻСնͷ

ٴζݣŵȼսʿֻɫڻΧסˡ
콫ҾսʿˣĻǻزȥ
糤Ϻȵ
ˣҪЦˣֵķô벻Ǿ廹ģȻͷԮ⼸һ
Ц
糤ϣǿܣЩɫڻޱȣɣ
ŵ˵
ޱʵ˵糤ϵ˻ߵĸΪ㡣
ݣ
һгǹһǹŵϣֱӹȵѾΪķ²ˣҴĻ˵
Դ²ǼΪźģֻҪǿͶûаͷԣ
Ŀת䣬ΪڵľŮˣȻЩĻŭţȽС˶ץס
糤ϻûзӦһȺɫڻ缢һ㣬Ȼȶ߳
ֻɫڻĿɷȻûа⡣
սʿ׷׺糤ҡͷҲץסˣǾʧأ
䣬ôҲץסˣҲãˣ
ŵ˵
ʵϣ䱻ץȴһ˿ƽУҪһĳ졣
Ҫ˵ˣҪ취ͻΧ
˵ʱ̣Ȼ֪ԼҪ򶨣ĻҪץȥˡ
Ҫ֪УУ
ƷУŮԾ飡
ЩòŮԾᱻȥԹŪΪūͣū
ֲҿо鶼֪ģҲԼץ統Уǽһʹ
糤ϵȾҲǻվڲԶ޿κΣոȻŴͷԮЩɫڻʱȴҲ֪ڵľ޷ֵ
ջش󣬽⼸ֻץһĲǮģСǣҪ׸еĴ󳼣һǴһ
ЦƺѾһٷƵ֮·ȵ糤ϣֳľ˵ûκμֵսʿаɣһգ൱лһǿ֮˽ϾɭеĽƻģţһ첻Զģ
ߣ
糤Ͻҧݣû뵽ԼȻ˵ôûмֵôʱҲǾŮЩȴҲת׼⼸ֻȫץߡ
ץߣ
ȵ
оֻɫڻѾƽ˿ûлɳɫڻצܹ׽ץ
ǱŵѾֿһֻɫڻ˫צץסڿУȻҪ翹ף
˳ɫڻȴҲǼǿԣǶȥ
䣡
糤϶Żˡ
Ҳܱץסһܣ
֮ʣһ֧ȴǡݡһԶû˾֧ǳɫڻĴˣȻ֧ȴӲĵ˵棬ͷɫڻԴ


1648 
һ˫
ǧһĿģ
ֻɫڻո趯צӣȴһ̴Ͳص͵˫ǰ
ô£
˶סˣ죬ȫ󲻳⾫嵱У˭ܹһɱֻǿ޳ɫڻ
Ҫ֪ɻĲܾţǴӹͿ壬Щ飬Уܹ飡
壬ֻϻɱô
һ͸ۣ˶ͷȥʱһŽǹһǱǣţǴ

Ī𾪣Žǹѵһ˫ɵģ
أ
еǳ־壬ǵһɱޣȻš
ȴսС֣㲻ɱϻϻҪԵأ
һҲˣͷţϻҪԵ㣬Ǻ£
˵ĶԻ˶ˡ
Ȼ˶ԻУѵóһ𰸣
һ˫񣬾ǹɵģ
ɻǻãΪ츳ȻľǱޱ𾪰
رǷ糤ϣоݺݵĳһ£
˭Ҳû뵽ǹĹȻһɱֻɫڻ
Ȼϳ
㣬£Һʹģ
˵
ǵͷ
߹ֱеʹң֪ǲ
Сãͦ󣬵ǿȴǸ㵱ǷɻվһԿϷôСˣȻ룬㵹ҲͦˮģѱΪޱһ˶Ҫ֪пкܶϲСأ
۹һ
壬˵ʲôС򰡣
Ťͷʵ
㻹û뵽ʱоСˣЦСָֿɰСŮ
ʲôأ
ʵ
ǡ
˵Ƕԣ
Ǵ壬أ
۾һת
ǌ˿û˰Č˿㣬Ҳһۣ
ϧ˵
˿
˿ʲô
Ϊʶ㣬֪ʶԨȴǻ˿һʡ
ҲǺĿһۣһ˵ǰ㲻֪Ƿоϲ
㣬ΪǾãʹŹϽ뿪̼ЩҺ䶼Ҫ
ŵɫڻڿУҲ̶á
û뵽˵꣬һֱӴϣŵʹᶼˣȵģ㿪ôסԼݣ²
ŵٲҳ
ðɣǸԳƌ˿СӣҲǾ飬ࣿ
壬˧ˣ
ԣ
Դ
֮ԻŹҲΪճݣͿɱ
壬ˡ
û˵꣬˵ţھ͸Ϲȥ
ܴܲҰ壡
С㵹ûоܾοԸЩܳκͻ״
㣬ҲΪֱ۵е϶Ǹ֣Ǹ͵ĸ֣
ôҼˣ
˵ðɣԳƌ˿ˣ˼һСҪ֧ʮֻɫڻɵķɻô
ϣǼһǲǷˣŹɱɻţҪ֪ոչһ˫񣬿϶ֻģ
ô
糤Ϻ߳
ǣǲηǵģ
ǹɿָ֣ȻһۿǹҪ뿪ңЩɫڻȴǷҵ
ŵ磬Ƚ
ݣ
һ뿪ңһĻӰٶȣֱӻסŵͷɫڻ

ֻɫڻܵһɾ޴ϮûĻܣֱˤ
䣡
ó
ŵԼùˣڿбһƤ޾ˣھȻһֻͻѹϣѹڵϣǳһصĻҳ
ˣ
ǱĳɫڻԵûκһϢĹ̶ûУ
һɱ
ǰһ˫ͬһʡ
Сڣô˰ǻԼһսɳһģôһȥڰ
˵ĳɫڻ˺ޣ
£ЩɻɾͲˣҪ˵һ˫õĻôһȻѾΪ֤
ȻǾмɱ
ٴң
ӻƫƫаˣһСɱɫڻǿ޵оţ
ݣ
컰û˵꣬ٴɱһֻɫڻ
Ŀɿڴ
Ҫ֪ЩɫڻһֻǼΪѵģҪѴľʱ䣬ԼǮͶ룬ȴû뵽һ¾ͱСɱֻɫڻ
ң⻹ֻСսվŵǸԳƌ˿ˣһֱûг֣ǰ㵭ݵ̬һͲ򵥣
εһκ;򽻵ˣ
ߣЩԻȥҪ֪еӣǱȹˣҪ֣ЩȫҪ
˵
ʲôӣ
쾪ȣཻܶȻǰʵ࣬ЩķչٶѸ٣ʵҲȲȻںһϸ£ĲֵУĵľˣ
СӾȻӣǰôûм˵ķǿʮҲϡ棡
һһС̫֣˹ӣ֪ʲôգ
ȿȣû뵽˹ӾȻϾɭ֣ȻнսЩʱѾսϾɭִҪҵһڹ£˿ûҪַ˼
Ȼǻϻ࣡
㶼ȥˣỹҪӢ۾䱧أЩ£ֱ˷ʱ䡣
ãҾ͸ӵӣЩȫˣߣ
Щ϶һʧ䣬ǲΥǶһųɫڻߡ
а´ǷɻϾɭ֣ǾڣάǷɻܾŵϡ
ˣ
ЩѪȻȫˣ
Ӿǣй

սʿǶڱ˴ףҪ֪֮ǰȫûֽ֡
أ
ֻһգ۵ĹͲˣһӰѾվԣСҲϲںһˣͺǷ糤ǰͯһ
л
ϧ𣬵ȴǲ֪һĪĽţҲӿ죬Լһ׾ϲһ˵ŮˣͺʼվԼҪֵŬʵֵϾ峤Ŀһ


1649 ɾ
㿴ԼĿ⣬ҲǾúЦСѾЩ˼ˣ˵ʲôлģ㶼Ůˣѵ֮䣬Щô
㣡
ɫһ䡣
ǹҽûнҵľôŽǽԼԼȴˣҪǲϣ
㣬޳ܣ
ʲô޳ܣ㲻ˣɣЩྫսʿ׶أй
˵
Ҳ˹ȥǹ£һ㣬һ䣺壬㣬ǲҪˣɲϲǳأ
㲻ȣҿûа㳳ܵ˼
㻹Ǽ
˵
˭ˣѵŮ˵ĻͲô
ҡͷǾ仰ˣйҲŮ
ͣ
Ц˳
糤ڲԶѵӣ⻰ô˵ģ˵˰ɣ
ǻȥ
˵
˵㣬Ҫǵһߣ
û˵ȴɻһﵽôģ
˵֣һһС
ǷûУСӻЩأҪǲ֪ĻΪǵŮ
ڵԽԽСӻм˧ģڳª嵱ģոնԷҪǿϣǾҪʧ֣
꣬Ҫ˵ˣûпŵ绹ôɫɲÿ̼ǵѪɣ

ŵȷ뿪һ̣վɾһıӰںǳ˶Թ޷йһ㣬ؿԣϵĻҳһĲͺߵϦҪһ㣡
ŵıȽϺõľսʿҪȥȻȴ⵽ŵѵ⣺ҪңǣΪҲ֪ﶼʲôôǶСӱбǲǣǶⱲӶ׷ǲǣ
ҸǣŵСӵģʹֶΣҲҪ׷䣡
ŵ磬û룬ֻҪıߣ
ģ
Ǽȫͷ

ĲûôḻǼҲʳߣǱûġ
Ͼɭֵ߹һЩˮǵͣӪҲǷḻ
ʱ򣬷糤ǽо鶼УҲǸС͵ʢᡣ
糤ϣ峤أôû
峤Щ嶼ãھݵϢԺûرҪ黹ǲҪˣ
糤˵
ҽǶЩҪǵģ
糤ϣ˵
Ҳǵͷ
ҲУһҸͺλĸһҲǲãĸСˣԼʮһ궼޷ǹȻȴһֱһΪֹ۵ĺӣҪǣ֪˧Ҳϲԭ
ţǳɹ˾壬ûκһֻսʿܵ˺ЩɻʿȫߣȻԸԼɻʿŵĲҫǾһεʧܣ
ԣǻ
Ҳ£ǿССǾţ
ˣСô˹ң˽ɱֻɫڻĵز
оһעӡ
㣬ȣܱ¶ʹýܱʵȻͷӦô˵һΣ
Σжأ
൱棬и˧˧˧̹
иظֽΪʲôҪ˵˧˧ģ
¹˵ȥ϶Ҫ¶ڣ˵˽⵽ӦǹڵǱܱ֮ǰһֱΪʵ츳ļ󣡡
󣿡
ҲЩСʱκˣ֮ǱȴȻһɳ죡
㣬˵ԭ츳ѹסˣʱһǱܾͿʼ
糤ʵ
ţȷǲҲȷ
˵
һԣȴг˼ֱſ߸ſһۣӭĿһЦ⡣
ǺðɣȻ츳ǽھ壬䣬ŵһصĶ󣡡
糤˵
ףŵҲأ
˶ŵС
ˣˣؽ黳
糤˵ɱֻɫڻҽһɻ󣬻һģǷɻٳ֣
糤ϣЩͷͷǺܸô˵´㻹أ
ݵĿ㣺ӵ£ǰɣ嶼ҪˣǾɾҰûʲôɣ
Ӵ壬ҪһֱǾŶ쿴ˣ
ӵֻĳ˻̫˧̫̫
ˣֻҪҪҾˣ
ܲˣһôÿζôȻòǺԿһô
Ƕˣܿǻ֮ƣ
Ϊĳ֣ʹûоԵİսǳҾǳǣеĽ޷ƽ⣬޷Ǿ壬Һͻǵĳɫڻпܻᱻɱ
ÿһֻɫڻޱȰĴڣǾὫЩǿ޵ȥģ
ɻǲܾţǰǾϣǶȻ᲻
ԣ϶ǻ
糤˵
Ȼһһֱͦ׵ģھ·棬һ⣬٣ⷬ㿴иɻ
Ǿ᳷˵ģǲ̫۶ɵ壬һΣ֪֪ˣǿԮʱǱһԵĽȫ
սԣ
ʲôӣԾǹûʵɣ
˭˭ǾսʿǣοǸ޷еĽ磡
еĽôܹƣҴ˵൱ѾиܹһˣֻǣǾǵҪǾ壬ûг
糤˵
糤ϻõķ˵ģʵϣ춼˵ˣŲֵУûпǹ塣
ǿܹƵеĽ磿
˷ȡ
һЩսʿ֮ɫҪ֪ƣ㳲֪ϾɭֶҪ̤һݶ
ô찡
ǿʼˡ
Ƴ˷ã
˵
䣬˵ʲôأеĽƳˣǿɾˣҪ֪ЩƣǲǶ֣
䣬ڵǺã˸ˣܹ޵ȥǲаǿҪһӴϾɭֵģ
Щ˶ԡ


1650 عⷵգ
ƺ֪Щ˷Ӧ˾ңǾص󣬿·̵Ļӵ꣬Ȼȴûκηŭ֪˵ǻúͻҺú룬ôǾһֱڽıӻ֮£ΪЩǿǿ޷ƻеĽ磬ҲΪǸû̫ĽȸУǾսʿѾľԽԽˣһսشҶǾսʿɻܵ
˶ڼţû˭䡣
ǻڰ֣ȥһᱻǵĽҲǴݻ٣
ԣҪеĽͱˣҪÿһ춼֮ѵֻܼǾսʿǱпܺսʿԵУ
ã
糤˵䣬ҹȻûп뷨һǶո˵ʲôô
ţϣǷǳ˵ûǻڰ֣ΪǾԾĹҪڿʼǿϢǵĺ˿ԲܵȺ
ǿϢ
оսʿĿⶼȡ
δйļȣ
̫ʱ䣬λȥ֮ἯֻҪȷܹǾ壬ʱΣӣ
оսʿҲǷ
ҲǽȷǻĹһСʱҪ࣬Ȼǲ̫ܵġ
ȿȣ
Զ
˶Ŀ⿴Ǳߣ峤һɫӱЩ߹ܹӦλ峤Ӧǲˣʱ˸̶ֲͬȵˣûлָȫڳĺ֮꣬弫
ʵϴ⾫峤оʱӦǷһЩҩЩȫڲûء
峤ôˣ塭
糤ҡͷ
峤ôˣ糤ϣ
û£ֻһЩС԰ˣ糤ϣǸո˵Ļȫˣ
ܹܵλ峤ǿѹסβľʹڲǰԡ
糤ǰ峤峤ǻ취ֵסģ㲻ģ
˵ʵҽξ峤ȷû취ǿȫû뵽ΪеĽ磬ʹǾսʿܾ֮ս
峤ҡͷǻĲѣţѾɭⲿ˾洫ķ󷨣󷨣ҲǾı󷨣ΪһҪʹãû뵽ҪóӦ
ȿȣ
峤ͲסҿǱͲߴģһ̷Ʈ㣬Ƿ糤һԲţ¶Ҫˤ
ǹɷβʹʹ㣬峤־ǿֿ
ʱ˭Ҳ䣬ȴǵһ׭
׭峤ķβһ峤ƣ
ţ
峤ɫ棬ҲںŪ޷Щһֱҩʹ飬嵱Уֻз糤һ֪Ըʱ򣬷糤϶峤
ȻЩҩԽԽѹס˵ʹУ峤βʹŪιΣǷ糤ϼʱ֣ˡ
Ȼ˿ڲʸУصഺٵʱо
˭ֽţǾ
һɥʧģھĻعⷵգĴ裡
峤糤ϵַſҲܹо糤ڵƺǿ˲٣ҲޱȾ죬峤ǻعⷵհɣ⼸ҩ޷ѹƣȴǺõĺһ㡣
Ҳǲ峤ôˣ峤ҿĶŵģ峤ʲôʧһ̿峤ȴǻָԭ״ƺɫˡ
峤ܹǵֵסô
оսʿʡ
ŴȻҪĴΪ˸Ǿ壬ӴۣǾԲɵģ
ã쿪ʼӽʼǾսʿǽÿһ쵱һѵ
оսʿ䡣
оսʿͣѪڡ
ã糤ϣǵѵȫȨ㸺Ȼȥˣ
峤תΪֱͦˣøߴ٣ȻĴ߻ȥУܹǿǡ
峤廹ͦǿ糤ϣô˵峤岻أ
⡭
糤ԶԣΪԼЩĪոտ峤ȽĲȷûκ⡣
û⣬糤һֵħѵʼ
ҹµգЩսʿѾʼ鰻ȻѵУÿֻ϶д˸֣Ȼ糤Ͻ֯Сۻޱȳɹ
ѵеƺҪĳ˻ǲվԭؿѵ֪ٿһۣûĳӰ
㣬
߾ߣûп
ҡͷ
ͷ֪ʲô۾˵Ϲˡ

ȿȣ
Ȼǻعⷵգǰǰﺢǰ߿ǿһΰӰ뿪ܱƵӰҪܼѵ
һݵУҵĿȻȴǱѵȫڸǣȻǸո뿪صݵľ峤ϼһ˿ЦʱϧԼ壬֪ǰ壬նħӦˣ
пݵĴűϣɫ԰ûѪɫ֮ǰˣоսʿҪŵز֪룡
峤ϾܵǵİҪүүһȰүүܵʹĥԼҲͬܡ
ȿȣ
ʼ˾ͺҪһ㣡
棬Ȼѵң峤ȻЦݣԸǿЩɳڿûлῴˣ
ûֹͣΪҪ˵ûлأ
һ촫峤ԣ
ô
Ǻص۾ǱϵģԴ죬ֻΪ˰ˣȿȣ벻ͷͷԳ֣ЩΣڿұˣ
Ǳ˵㻹оأ
оȣ񣬲Ҫƭˣ֮ǰİοôǺǣͷҲĲˣ
峤ʱʱ򣬻ܺģҲһ飡
ž
һ뾫峤ڣоԼ澭ǻ˹һ㣬Ȼûãٴθԭ
ô£ڶλعⷵô
峤˫Ĳ񣬶һԸߵˣ˫֣ɢƮ죬Ȳ
㣿
峤ǲ۾Ÿȷǰ㣬Ҫ֪òͬڴ˿ֳ̱ȴǽȻͬǰ㱳˫֣üһߵİɢʹþ峤ЩȻ


1651 
ոں˵ң
峤˵
Ǳۣ㻹Ϊ˭㣿
˵ȻȫѹȥֻҪԺҪʹǲḴģܹã㣬ң
˵̫أҲֻܽѹƣѡһͨ˵Ļܻʱ仹Ǻܿɹ۵ġ
˵ģ
峤гȣѵոҲʹܻعⷵյģ
û˵
㾹Ȼʵ㣬㾿Ǻˣ
˭ҪֻҪҶǾ˵ûаΣ͹ˣ
ţʵҪԸǾ壬µָһӼ飬ã㣡
峤˵㣬ǾڿѵУǿ󣬻ϣܰǾɹΣ
ˣˣסҪκ͸¶۵
ӰһʧݵС
峤峤
Ƿ糤ϵ
峤ɣ
ǣ
峤ɫѾöˣѵǵҩЧô
糤ʵ
ľսʿڼȵħѵУҲǳ峤ϾӡУ峤̫أܶ˶ˡ
ţ糤ϣڵѾӲˣ»ܻϲʱأ
峤ͷ
糤ҲΪϲô峤ӲͺˣǾξоأ
ԸԸ˰ɣ
峤Ŀ˸ҲûжʣֱӾ˻ȥˡ

ھ峤念ҲʹѵУͷ糤һѲӣЩսʿҲѵ쳣̿࣬ѵЧȴǲûǿ̫࣬ʹ÷糤Ϻ;峤΢΢Щźǻ̫ˣʱţҪʵ̫ѣ
ţҪȥ̸ˣ
峤Ҳ˵
ˣ˭
˵ĻͲǸˣ
峤һЦ
ϵʱ䣬峤ĽݵУοսʿİ취ҲǸھ徫սʿ峤ƶһЩЩҲ峤Ϊˣ
㣬ЩôƺȽ
֤׹ã

ȵڶ죬峤Ѿнµѵ´ˣ
ⷽУûҪЩսʿһʮĸСʱҹѵʱȻ֣ѵЧȴǲѡ
ݷУÿսʿÿֻҪѵŸСʱʱһЩޣÿʱҪսʿһһ鿴ѵЧ
ÿֻҪѵŸСʱ峤ǿҪʵأǺǰùҹ
ǰ峤࣬ǾͲҪϢôʱ䣬еģ

䣬ôģǶ
Ƕ˵
Ҿݷܺ
ͷÿѵŸСʱҾѾļˣȻᾭһϵеľޣǻָһһĽ飬ֱӵķӦһѵɹѭҾñäĿѵҪĶ࣡
峤ݷҲ֧֣û뵽˵ȥ̸ˣ̵ˣǲ֪ǸǲǾ峤Լ
糤ϹЦ
峤ȥ̸ˣϾ嵱У˭ȵ峤ʶ㣿
峤һЦûش⣬룬Ǹֹأָ㣬Чѡ
峤ƶݼƻ֮⣬ʲôûУǾŸСʱУοٵǵ
ţҪѵ
峤˵ǰ̫ıֻһζһиǿûд꣬Ȼ޷ʵԣصѵ
ʣ
ýζ
ŵҲУϵͺõĲ࣬⼸ѵʱûпҲϲ٣ҲΪЩѵоԼֽһҲǿ˲٣
ڵþ˷ɻҲη壬ѾʼѯϢȴǺһĸ⼸춼ݵУûг
ߣǸһܹݣԴ׷ô
ŵûô峤ĻĿһֱϡ
峤֮ŵҲߵߣ߿ģϾ˵վһߵģޱϣܺ˫ɶԣδСӾϲһʱȻһ
ŵȻһ
䣬⼸ѵæҲһֱûкĹϴܻͷңҺܸж֪һ꣬㶨Ȼ᲻Σǰȣ꣬ҿУ
ŵ˵ûе״ŵ˵ʵϣͷһֱиҪ˵֮ǰҶû㣬죬ҾʵڲˣĻ¶˶һʹ࣡
ŵ磬Ҫô
Сһȥ
ŵЩᷳ˭ƨ첲ء
ߣ
ƲͣԴԴ˰ο
䣬ϲ㣬Сϲ㣬ҾҽΨһҪһһչ㣬˵ǰûףΪҾûʱΪ㲻ϲңԴϴðվҵһ̣֪ԭҲϲģ
ǰٵֶ˵÷С޲£Ҷ츳ھ徫սʿһٮٮߡʱûе棬ȴǲͬˣҵѾǣվ˷ɻҲκη壬ҵļܹˣ䣬ӦҰɣҵŮˣΨһŮˣ
ŵ˵棬һס
ŵ˧ˣˣȻ֪䣬ȴû뵽ĻڽףòǱǸСӱƷ˰ɣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬿ɱϴ˭ȵǾ壬ҪӣǾҪʧսʿҪϲãҶҪ׷ӵأ

峤Щ˵磬Ƿأ
ǰҶЩڴѡ񣡡

䣬ǲŵ̫ͻˣô˵
ŵ磬ʵڲ֪˵ʲôã
˵
˵ʲôðŵĺܣĻҲҵôֵܽõǰװ԰ɣ
ŵȻЦݡ
ˣ
ƽ˵һֱ㵱иԴ޶ģҲǰϲ㡭
û˵꣬ŵǾ綼·Ҫһ㣬Ű˵䣬˵ʲôû˼ôҪû˼ĻǴΪλͷңΪʲôǲ˵ٻô꣬ôû˼أܣܣһڿҶԲԣ
һ㣬ΪǾսʿҵˣκһ£䶼ģ
˵
⡭
ʲôⰡ۸˹׷ôߣǿˣǴûѵģ
֣Ͻһ˵


1652 ɻ
ʱѵеЩ˾ˣҪ֪ŵ֮Ի˴бףȻֵģĻû˵ףȻľܾȴ޷ܣ
žԵģҲԭģСһ𳤴С޲£ͬ츳˳֮ΪͯŮټĳ֣ŴξܾҲŵΪ˼Ż˾ܾġ
Ҫ֪ȷŵжǲģοĵλӣķۣѡǺ⣡
ϴηɻϮͷգŵԽǾ˼ټ⼸ѵŵͻͽı
ˣ˵Ҳãʹʹŵ磬һǾú㵱ѱȽϺã
ѵıʱȴǻ
ֻѣ
ŵӦ쳤ХȻȴǿӲĽеǹԹȫѹƻȥΧȫǾսʿΪսʿеٮٮߣôǰ
ȿȣ䣬ʵŵǺ㿪ЦģôİأҪ֪ҵĿ쾫սʿЩɻȫնɱģҾʱ̸˵ģ
ŵ̬һٰʮת䣺Ҹո˵˼ҿɾ鷳ˣ
ת۰
˶Ŀɿڴû뵽ŵȻ˵ôһ
ţȻҲ˲ţ
ΣŵⷬǽΪεո˲٣仹˶ԷĻˣΪҪұףĺˣҲϲģĲأ
ⷬ˵赭дȻŵȴ絶ʣ˵ɣѵĲϲôΪʲôΪʲôһǸ㣬һ
ԭһϷ磬Ϊŵأ
پսʿɢȥˣҲǴŹ뿪˵㣬ҲŲϲأһ㶼ţҪܲĻѻˣ
ֹʲô¶أС׸ʲôôڴҪ
ҲŲأ

峤ƶѵҲѾ´ЩսʿһЩֵķϰҲջЧ
ֻ취̫֣ЩսʿҲ²ۡ
峤ѵǣеʹþˣײʵ̫ˣоҾһֻһ
ͣ
پսʿЦ˳
վ׮һҽŶ췢ˣҪĻﻹں

峤ǴѯʳЩÿѵķʽҲǽҪ˵һ飬峤ǽĻһֲµȫгЩͣҲŲɡ
ȻѵУΪʧȻҪոձܵŵһʹûѵŲԶǵٻӰŶײҲһа뷨
ߣΪǼһĳ֣ȻϲҲںܷŮ֮ĸ飬ҾǵòģҲҪȵõˣҺ飬Ժǻᰮҵģ
ŵд⣬ֻҪ΢߻һ£ǻʵʩ

һѵʹ˶ʵĺܣرһһļս糤Գ䣬Ҳǲ˿֮⣬÷糤϶ۼߣǿЩսҲǸѵȥʵԽԽǿģңֻʱ⣬ҹȻûС
ƺ뽫ͷ˵һ飬Ȼȴ˵糤ϣһ˿ɻ̣
Ŷ
糤ӵľȣҪ֪ʴӱ̷糤ϣµЩܳˣ˵ţҾ峤أ˵Ĳ֢ˣôһȽѵôо峤ǱһƵأ
ҲأЩѵ峤ȴ˵һõģ
糤˵⾫嵱ĸ˰ҲûȥҲ˵Լ峤Щǫɣ
̸ˣ
Ŀ΢΢Щ֣Ҳ峤һЩϰԵģҪ֪峤佫ս̣岻ݴǣһЩսԣЩѵķǾѶȺܴģ
Ҫ֪ƽʱ峤һ㶼ǲκģֻҪ˶ǶԵģӦҲǡǺͰûκһڼүүһ㡣
䣬ͲҪɹˣ峤ܱ˸أҿͽԺ峤Ǿģ
糤ϵĵĺܡ
ɲ䣬ϲܶٵףȻȴǻȣԴϾĳϣǴΪзһУ
ڡ
糤ϣĴһӶҿ֪λ尵׷ܶ꣬㶼ûأ
ѾͷԼʸ֮ģˣ㣬ҿҪһ׸ģûпǳɳܹһ棬ǲЩµģ
糤˵ˣ䣬˼أг˲ɻ飬ڣɵĺܣ˵㿴Сˣ
ҡͷôᣬֻ˵˵ѣ
ô룬Ҿü޸һҲУסҪȥ峤ǲˣǲ峤뷨
֪ˣ

Ϊµѵÿʱ䱻ŵĺȻҲСʱ˯Ϣ
оսʿص˸ԾݣһƬ
ȴǳҹɫԳǱ峤ݵĲԶĿ⾼ȻҪ̽
峤үүб仯֪ЩǶ峤үүĲأ
䰵
ǣ
΢Ŀ俴һӰӾ˳һ峤
ȥ
峤ڳһǰжȣ˲һ㣬Եо峤ûʹöܲĴڣ
ҪȥǸݣǣ
ԽԽ벻ף߹ȥȻֻһˣǸģ
ܻȥľݰɣôҹģѵǸѵĸֲɣ
ǣ
Ľȥˣ⵽ô£峤Ľľݣ
Ҳû˿ĳǾȥƽݵĴţͼöȡ̸
ǿգϡҪֽһһô鰡ֻǿϧ仨⣬ˮ飬
һ̾ϢҲǲҡͷϵĶûߣǸôû峤үүأ
пǾݵĴűϣҲԽԽϸ΢Ҫĸһ㣺ôûأǼһûأ
Ȼ˿̡
ǣ
ݵĴͻȻˣ


1653 

кΪǰһĻʵЩ𾪡
ߵУˣһȻޱȵ㣬һˣ峤үүС߸߾˫˫֧£˦֮Ŀ࣡
ڸʲô㣬㲻Ҫ۸С
һЦݣȻЩߣǸ벻СϾȻһܵı飬СʲôԻ
㣬û۸أǸҶǿǣ
ڿжһЦа
ʲô
䲻ţʶһһֻӣھܵôõĴʹϴΪ䣬ҲһʱƬ̾͸ıӡ
ԣһţֶҹйŮһңǹСɲδ꣬СʲôĻ
෴Ұɣҹ۲ˣеľ鹭֣ܹͬʱ߼Ҫ߼ͬʱ߸Ŀ꣬ʼ͡
㣬㲻Ҫҹܹһɣ
˵Ҫ֪ĹҲֻʸвͬĿ꣬߸ʸĻѶ̫һⱾ¡
ǵʹ߸ʸвͬĿ꣬ŸԺҲؽ
Ÿ
۾󣺡㲻˵Цɣ߸ǼˣŸ
Ҫ֪ʸͬʱĿ꣬һĶá
߸һãŸһľã
Ѷȿ֪
ȻǷȱֻǱˣ
㽫Ҳ۵ͷ󺹣˵㣬ЩһֱҴѵأҲоԼıڿǿеѵЧѣ
ѵ
ЩΣϴʹʲôôָѵ
С֮ĶȾ֮ĲֹֻˣŮҲ˰
ЦֽҹĲϢҵľʲô˼أңгŵһŶ
ʱЩ֪룬ƺҲԼĿģ峤أ㣬ˣҿûȥ
峤ӦԼ˯ô
ȡ
ҽ϶ˣҪȻô
ҿûпν峤ҪĲһĻҲǿˣ
ҡͷ
峤治棿
䷭ӡ
ҡͷû˵
ã㣬ҿˣȻһǰʧˣңߣҺˣ
ȵټ
壬أʵ峤үү֪ĲôΪʲôأģ
𷽲ӵеĻ档
ڱڿűѵȻ峤ȴŶ룬ĵһ仰ǣ㣬ұˣȻ֪˭˵ǽķɲܹҲԼ
ȽŪȥĻҿɲܱ֤ظвƻ
ãȳȥɣ
峤˵꣬ǲ֪ʲôӽӴŪߣûһ˿졣
ûʲôʹҲã˵̼Ҫ֪Ҳ츳ǿ֮ˣԺǾĴ·չԽԽõģ
˵
Ĵ£
ţ
ûж˵ϾǴԽǰĵУʱ򣬵򻹲ֹͺڰ磬仹ᣬʱ츳ûзӳ

ڶѵʱ峤ЩرĿ⣬ȴû׷ᣬֻ峤˺ܽʱ˵һ䣺峤үүҴС𾴵ĴڣľݣȻȴˣܷһͣ
ţ䰡ǸһֱԼľϢأ㿴˰ɣ
峤ҡͷ
Ҳ׷ʣ֪׷ȥҲκδ𰸵ģֻȥѵȥˣȴ¶ģԺһҴ峤ĻԣԼʵ

һȥսʿǴ󲿷ֶ峤ƶµѵнţûʲôҵʱ䣬ҲʹŵҪȡĳЩжҲǿûлᣬÿ쿴ǾԼǰεĺܡ
찡ŵ̫ˣ治һһѵĻҪģ
Ѿ峤ƶѵĵʮ죬ŵΪ꣬һսʿˣȻĽʧ֣峤ͷ糤Ҳˣ
ŵս䣬λˣھǿʱڣ˭ҪһЩ
糤˵
ϼѵɹһһѵÿζ˳򣬵ǽ죬糤Ҫŵսһ飬˭ѵɹá
Ҳǿ˭Ǿ嵱еĵһš
壬ôˣ
ԶȻ£ѵ£Ҳ˵ЩһֱھݵУҲйƵģɣ
оҪԵеˣŵһĨܹŮһʤָо˷ܣȴһĨƽûκβѾƽһѵˣ
壬˵Ӯô
ѣ漣
ҡͷ
˶Ծʼ䲻ŵҲչֳ˵ʵսһƻŵؿڴȥһӮʤ
壬ʱҲأŲΪ漣Ӯأ
˵
㵹ЦЦûۡ
ã䣬㲻ҿеĵӣһ֮ƻŵҾв۲۵ĵһţ
糤˵
˭Ӯ˭䣬еľսʿǶ̫ľȣΪ˱еĶţҲûۡ
ǽŵϴα׵óᣬ٩һ
䣬ϲˣû뵽ʱ٣ҶĶ֣
ŵ֡
ŵҲ٣Ҳõˣ
˵
ãʵǽԾҵһǣ
糤˵
糤ϣкοǣֱ˵
ţһֱѵܶʱ򲢲ܾ̫ನۣĥѣ죬ŵ켸СӣǰϾɭֵı߽սΪǿޣмӿɳ
糤˵
糤ϵ˼ҵ˼ŵʵԴսǿˣ
峤Ҳ˵
糤ϣ峤ȻʤңôСӵĶӳ֮λһúԸλֵܽгɳģ
ţҲǶȻ岻ݴǣøλȫ
ãǶܹ𵽴ͷˣǱǳ
糤Ͻ鵱е˳
вûйһʲôɻ㣺壬Ҳȥնɱ޺ô


1654 һ

һʺϳеĺһĴ³ǰϾɭֵı߽磬Ųǿޣ޺УҲԭϾɭֵһȻϣҪϾɭ־ͱͨЩǿҰܽ롣
ͣ
һֻսʿȡһһһͷϬţҲţŵ磬ӳǼǰޣѾѲˣ
ţ
ͷ·УһЩ̫ǿޣЩҲõսʿɱ

һ񱩵ڶУͣסСģǰһǿǵһҪܻɱǿˣ
˶ǵͷŵĿȴһֱͣϣڽҪԸ޲ǺܸȤֻһ˸Ȥ
Ǿ䣡
һǿķˣټЩѵǿ˲ǣ¶Ҫɡ
ৣ
Ϯһ޴ӰҲͽȻ֣һһֻںɫĴ񣬴˫ͨ죬˫չЩӴȻĴġ
䣡
ɿͷӹ˵ȴǺȻֻͣ飬ͦΪģȻҳУִ֪
ƣŨҵɱ⣺Ǳˣס˱޵֡񣡡
񣿡
ޣ
о˵
ĵһоŽף֮ǰնɱЩޣǵ׵ģҲǺһޣ˵
ɫڻҲޣʵǿᣬзʱȾսʿԶԿ
ֻʵϱЩɫڻҪǿ̫࣬Ͼ׺ףһʵķԾ
Ȼȴûаֺ֮⣬ЩҲҲһġ
Ҫɵǣ̫ˣ
ʿ䣬ûκԥսȻ̳ƣŲѩһ㣬ѩбЧ
ŷͻԪЧҲ𵽷Ԫصá
ϣ
ֻսʿҲͽȻչ֣ǵУרҵľ鹭֣һߺ
˶ǳȥⲫˣ
һȺ޴ľ飬ΪҵĶô
޴Ĵ˶Ǳǿһֱȴʱŵ˿ȴǾٽ˹ȥһзĺ

ŵһ
Ƿڣ񱬷޴ĺһ棬Щ棬ŵҲȻһ㿪
ҵĺ
ƺʹԸӣȻԭȻĴĳӴںŵеʱҲǱǿ
羢Ӵվԭ͵ķɡ

Ƕȥڲͬطƺɥʧϵ

ϾɭֵΧһ֧Ҳϵ
ǶһֻֻɫڻɵķɻĿ磬ϴǾﱻһСһӸŵðˡ
Ȼ֧Ӳûϴôˣֻʮˣһ֧ɻ鲿ӡ
˵û֪֪ˣܰսǰϾɭֲ̽ҪŪϴǸСӵʵֻҪŪ˵Ƿɻܹʱݾ壡
ţõ˵鱨õİ취ץзĽ죬ֻҪץֻ飬ǵ鱨ͺ״̽ˣ

ӻԵ˹û뵽ǰǿܹĴǿҵķ羢ȫķɡ
ţȥѰˣ
жĶӳȻҪ𵽱սʿãһսŵŵűʵѾܹˣʵѳڵ䣬䶼֪ΪʲôŵܸԼ
ѵŵҵģ
˼һӰȴͽȻߵг֣ŵϲûܵκ˺ȴһĨѰζЦ⣺䣬û뵽ҿң
ţŵ磬Ƿʱ̱ǱҲӦˣǸϽȥսʿǰ
Ҫˣ
תŵ˵⼸֣ҲĪΪʲôѵŵѾҵˣ
ûҸͲȥǣ
ŵҡͷ
ǣΪʲô
ᵽһ˿ı
ŵӰƽ䣬㻹ǲװϲ㣬Ҿϲ㣡
ϲңŵ磬㲻ҪЦˣϴ㶼˵ǿЦģ
ûа취Ҫܾңǲ˵ôµ̨
ŵȵ䣬û뵽壬Ҫ֪Сʱ裬ɷ˵һԣȻľܾң֪֪Ǽҵ˺жҿѹǿĻ군ˣ
䱻ŵƵҲǲˣг־壬ƺ뵽ŵҪʲô
Ҳ֪ΪʲôôģǲΪǸļһ㣬ʵڻû͸ҲȥŵòŮˣҲȾָ
гĿ⣺ٺ٣䣬ҵŮˣԶҵŮˣҾǵòģҲҪȵõˣֻҪҶʱദͻ֪ҲеΨһ
ҵģ
ŵˣ
˫ƣȻȴǱŵɵ£ߺߣΪʵĿսʤô㣬ҹģɾ֮ģԭҪĸһȫնɱȻٰռģ˭֪ǷȴͻȻ֣ҵļƻڿһжҪˣ
зЦ
Ҳһ˵ŵû뵽ŵȻֲģ⻹һֱŵŵô
ŵ˫־ҪץȥʵȻ޷ֵסģ֪ΪΣԺУȴǳһӰתһ룬ǸһôܻҲĲôôأôᡭ
ħצƴֿȻŵʵڱǿ̫࣬ۿҪץסֱۣȻ˿̣һʸȴǴһ౬
ݣ

˭
ʸֱŵֱۣʹֱ۶΢΢ʹһ㣬ʸķû뵽˾ȻǹŽǹƺҪһʸվ㣬ԶǰĵĿ֮ƺŵĴڣ
УҲŵķŭȻΪԼѾܹһսȴû뵽վǰȴûǰΪʲôѵһӶô
ǹҪٴʸҪ֪ıѾǷļʸõŵֱ۶Ѿľѹϴܹɱɫڻ
һǻ˵ã
ʮƣΪϲߣŵӰһϽӡ


1655 ߻ħ
壬ˣĹٶȣ
û£ȿɻɻңһʱ䣡
ЦЦȻȫŵΣѸܵɭֵлһŵߵķЩ̽ĵط
ȻĴܺã
Ҳó֡

䴭˿ڴǾյһĻԺǻŵΪĿþûɢȥû뵽񣬻ù㼰ʱ֣Ļ治֪ᷢʲô顣
㣡
ǹӰһԣ߳ͷȷˣڶܾˣĽ㲻ٶ
һ㣺ôģ
Ҵնɱޣ֪ûɱȴǿһֻޣ
ҡҡͷ
ߣŵˣȻȻ뷨ǿֲ˹Ȼûһö
㣬ⲻǰѴ嶼ôоΣգģ
㣿
˵
ţոǸˣôҪҪǲĻϾͿԣ
Ц
һۣûȽҵɣһȥŵ㱨糤ϣ
㱨ֽѵ㲻оͶĿ⣿
ʲôµģ¹󣬲±˵л
˵

Ͼɭֵһ߽磬ŵԼܹӵó룬뻹ʵУĻԼұˣ޷ԼߺߣҽãҪÿ
Ȼұӳȴ鷳С
һӷɻȻѾ̽һֻֻɫڻΧС
ɻʲôǾô
ߺߣҼǵֻսʿȥƺھŲȥõ鱨ģ
ޣΪŵôΣǾԮϾʶĻǸϽ
ŵΪŵǰ֧ķɻȻȴûŵֻɫڻǴˡ

ʶѲ飬ҲǺܿǽֻսʿҵ䱾ѯΪʲô֪ģ϶ʲôģصļһ
ǻصУ佫췢һһʮȫ˷糤ϣ߲ȻŭȻûн鹫ȥսʿܵӰ죬ϾҲڻˣȻûзʲô
ѵʱ򣬷糤ϱǳŵϾɭⲿûлôҲҪġ
һΪŵѾΪ˾ƣԲȴҲûжʣ֪ŵϾɭֵҪ飬֪һı顣

ݵС
ϥûҲܹúһ
ЩȻоϵǺ㣬ϡȻҲûţһڼָһڼо֮
ʱ֮һƿĽ׶Σ׭ҲĺȻޱȣΪԼĵ޷ȴû뵽ͨص֮ȴȻķ֣ԼʵȻ˴룬֮ȴһ磡
磬Ҳʵܼʵָֻʱ⣡
֮ǰʵ̫ȫľҪڻָʵУ֮оȻʵѾָ룬Ҳܹճʱо֮ˣ
ȻǺҵ֮ȴǻӰ죬Ѿ̶֮ȴǲͬȻĿռ䣬ǰΪ統֮޷ܵ˿ռƣһ磬֮纣ƾԾһ㣬ֹ
ЩȻûн֮ľٴҲǶЩԼ򣬶۽ҲǸӿ֪֮·Ӧĸ
ţ۷״̬Ҳˣֲõ³Ǽһڴҽǵ磬ֻϣָ۷ʵƿҵŮ˻ص磬Ҷ˼žۣ
ȻϵҲǲͣϢ綼ҪǸ磬;ǿ߽һ
㰵롣
飡

峤һŶ룬͸ˣС椣
ӣûʹʶ̽ȴҲ˭ûлӦ
飡
أƺû
Ȼȴû
ǣ
㣬ʲô˼ȴǲţ
ߵ
ۣ
俴ľ֮ѪһϽǰϵķŭתΪ˽ţ㣺ôˣô
䣡
оھҲĴŶ£ұɣڼ߻ħ
ɣ
ֲã
ֱ۶Ըоһľһһ㣬ɫ԰ף˫ϣȷ߻ħ״̬
䣡
͵һ鳯űĻȥڱϿţȻܿһϻһĨаЦȻ߻ħҪռռıˡ
˪ҲȻȥĵһǾȹңڱϣǼȣǾ̫ˣ֮ڶ뿪УһѾ߻ħ־壬ǵôأ
ԭġΪзһ룬Ҳǽס㣬ҲǾۼԪأҪһЩ
һ߻ħˣҶǻã

ΪͲ֣Դ˫֮ĦȥʥطԼ˼ȴǱ£Щ飡
΢죬ͺǺѾһ㣬ȥɰĺܣŻͬһ˵ĺһ㣬Ҳһ˿֮ģϲϸţŮ˵ĸԣһֵ̣쾡¡
ůϷȻ֪ĸԷģǡôҲǸ˰ܾסһŮ㸧ʶУԶ黯ķ룡
΢΢һЦ
һȣȣ
ôˣ
˵ոһôڣһ¯
ֵ嶼Ҫˣǰٰ尾壬Ҳǽĺܡ
Ȼž޴
Ȼ֪ʲô߻ħ죬ȫİϷɳ飬⡣
ȣ̫ˣܲˣ
㾹Ȼ䣬Ȼȥǰ䣬۾ʼûͺûκʶΪһ㣬ٴ䡣


1656 ˭˯˭
׶Ȼᣬ沿Լķйǡô˿аٳɷС
䱾ܵܣȻǿܲڻУо
佫㱧ڻУĸο˵ĺһϧ˿̣ȴתݣȻݵɷĽɫȻӡ
㣬㣬ѣ
ҪѹȻ޷ĻĻһħʹշֿ¶һ˿Ϊ֪аЦԽԽŵϰǰļͦѹţִ̼ĸоҲܡ
һ߻ħ̫֮ʢȵй֮ѳȥɣ
аȴѷ׼й֮㡣
Ȼߴůڻѳȥ
ջ䶷㣬㻳ֱ˯ˡ
һ䷢Լ㶼ڴϣ˿ԼŴ˿һ̫Ҷûѣڿȥȴ˯úһ㣬ҪϽߣĻһǻ˵ã
Ķͷ¶Ѿ˵Ĳ࣬ûа仯Ȼһ

侪һΪҪȴһķֱϵ˫ֺҪ˫֮ϣ
ΪľҲ˹ԺĽ۾󿴵ȴŭĿƵÿֲãȻ˫µĵطһ
Ҫ֪ʱ򣬵ûзֶָĴУ֪
㣬쵰
ƿ㣬һĪίģҪ뿪ĵ֪Ͳ󷢴ȱһˣھȻߣ
Ҫ֪ŮԱŮԸ٣Ȼ̵УȴǷⴿ࣬ŮԿǱĸն˫Ҫ̸Ŀʼǰ˫壬֪Ǻεʥĵط
ȥ˯֮󣬾Ҫ뿪ôЩ飬ô㲻Σ
ߣȴ޵Ҫ̻ͷһＸ⣺˵ʲô˯㣿Ҹ㣬ҺʲôûԼúѰɣ
ôᣬҪʲôûĻҵ·ôˣһɫ壬Ұǹˣ˭֪ʲô캦飡
ȵ
㣬ĲǵԼôˣ
ҵȻסڴģЩŵľ飡
䱻˵㣬߻ħ⵽ɣҪһغ¶Ҫˣ
߻ħ
µ룺ȻȻͷ˯ң
˭˯㰡Ҷû˵˯ң
ȵˣˣԼúɣȳȥˣ
Щʱ䣬¶ҪˣһȻԼɵһ㶼߻ħһԶܵ谭ǵҲãĻһôأ
߳ľݣͷ˭֪һ㣬ôأ
һһı鿴Ȼں˼룺ңʵģ
ǣһ϶ԼľأǺ͵ûڣΪп̿뵽ڴأ
һ϶ڴУѵѾô
˵
˵Һ֮ûʲôģ
ҡҡͷڵľսʿôô죬Ȼǽһеζϣ϶ΪЩһֱ㱻ˡ
ûʲôôɲţ
ԼԴ˼ʲôأߣȥѵ

ΪһϺһҵ飬ı仯ҲĴѵʱΪԺǸɶӰʼջ֮ȥҲǾ糤ϼⷬ״̬ҲǺİοô䣬ΪŵǼôҴСųĺӣû뵽Ȼزɵ˺ȷԤҲΪи·Ӧý龡
糤ϣˣͻҲΪĵģ
ŶΪʲô飿
糤ϲɻ˵ģȻΪŮ֮£߷糤ϣϲ˭ˣ
ûУ
ҡͷôܻϲǸأȻȹԼҲΪͽԼһͳȥ
ŷ糤ϣ϶ˣҪȻҲСɣȻȥͦɢģ˿ĿףǼ޸ģ
ҿɲΪӵݶ޸
ҡͷǻصԭλѵȥˣķ糤Ц˵ϲСӣϲҲСӰ˱ĸˣ

⼸쵹Ҫھר֮峤Ҫ̶ֽлˣȻҲǲȥľУ֪ᷢʲô˼顣
ʱ򣬹͵ûľţ壬壬ˣ
ô
ɻˣ峤ǶѾϵ߽˵Ҫͷɻһս
û£ֻҪǲ߽Ͳģ
壬ô֪ηɻڣ͸ȥһ˱߽ˣ
ûСĥӲݣֱ˵ԣҪˣ
ߣ廵Լȥ

Ͼɭֵı߽統Уɻȷ
Ϊ׵Ȼ죬һֻ˶ĳɫڻӢˬǼŷɻһ֮ɫȻһսҪ
ڱ߽統У峤Ҳ쾫սʿӭУǵıͬᶨҪ塣
¿Ǿ峤
ʵ
ŴηϾɭ֣ǰΣ屧ûֳЩսʿϼһЩˣҲҪһս
ߺߣΪʲôβжţҪ֪ǰҲֻҪɱһЩΧľ飬ѹǵռ䣬һӻеĽ統У
Ц
峤ҲǺȵҺҵҲУվһս
սʿҲѪڡ
糤˵ҲҪңҪ֪Ͼɭֵп峤Բµ󷨣ʱյ룬Щɻ֮أ
ţ֪ˣ
󷨣
峤Щ龪󷨣ʵϲǵΪ˴ɻϮ˵һĻԣʵϸû£û뵽˻ǵ󷨣£ȻҲܹ˵򽫻Լⷽƣ
˵ǲҪ󷨴ڣҪЩɻһսֻǲܵõ
ǣ峤
ǶŨҵĺ
ƣʹЩɻ΢΢ЩǣҪ֪ںĶԿһֱƣΣΪλǿأ


1657 ǿ
ôǿƣһԭģ֪֪ˣս벻ץһصĶ˵ϣЩսʿˮƽˣֻưˣ
ЦǺȵһСӽ
һŰɻȻϾɭֵı߽ȥЩɫڻצ¶ŭĿ˵оսʿҲǷ׷óԼ鹭Ҳң
ݣ
һʸȥ
ߣƾЩ־ɱɻôΣ
˵ꡣ
ǰɻȴǳ߽˲䣬ͻȻڿԱ
ЩɫڻҲȫԱ嵱оͺһŶʱըһ㣬žžžըѪģ
аɻȫԱһĻô㾫иĹˣңԶ½֪ɻȻȫˣ
ѵ廹Ԥ֮鲻ɣ
ô£ɻôԱģ
ȵ
зɻûһܹشЩɫڻǿ˸ոǲҵһĻŵòҳ
϶峤õ󷨣Щɻأ
оսʿ˵
糤Ҳǵͷ峤ôˣѵô˵飬ֵȸԾô
ž峤һĿɿڴı飬Ҳɻ󲻽⣬ô峤ǲ֪Լµ˿ֲЧһ
֪ͲǾ峤õ󷨣׼ȷ˵峤Լ֪ʲô״
ܣɻڶСӣϣҾͲţϾɭֻ죡
һӡ
ɻٴγ߽磡
ȻǱӦüᶨĿ⣬ȴ˲٣顣
žžž
ɻȻڱ߽ϿԱѪһƬ
ЩɻҷϾɭ֣ǵУ
糤Ϻȵ
ߣдϾɭֵкʱֶһؽ磬ǸļһôҪ鱨Ȼ˵ȥҪݺݳ
ȵߣȻȥıԲߣЩľ飬ȻҰˣ´εļ棬Ǿʱڣ
ЩɻӿпʧҲ˷ܵĺܣȻҲܿģǶ󷨵ĺ档
ȴ˵㣬ҷȥҴ壬ȻܹԤ߻ᷢʲô
ͻأ뽫¶䣬ֻĹϵãýþӦܡ
ֽ֪
ţ˵ֻҪǲϾɭ֣ɻκβǣû뵽Ȼ
֪Ҳϡ棬峤˵ôЩɻɱģ
ܾ¶ʹѲ˹ϵأ
ôֻǸ˵Ӱˣ
˵ȴ룬ǿ峤ŵ沿ģǾ֣ȻЩɻԼҲûϵոյĻȻ㲻޸ϵ

һʤ̣ʹþеľսʿȸԾһЦݣȻսʤһķɻõİٱ
峤Ȼ֪Σȫ延ʱȻǲὫ˵ȥģҲǾضйء
γϵûľţľ֮㣬Ҳĵȴҳ
ΪϾɭֽ飿
ɵģ
Թ۵Ļпɻڣһˣ൱ǿߣȻƳ
㵭Ȼ˵
ǽǰЩ첼µģ֪ضҲ֪峤һĻԣȻƾͼƣ˶Ϊ峤ɵģ
㣬˶л治֪˵ʲôãȻ֪ǸеĸˣһֱҲϸʵݣҪû㣬Ҿж֪ᷢεȲ״
ţûʲôĻȳȥɣ
˵
峤ҲǸˡ
Ǽϥû̽״̬˼ԭΪЩܹ֮ߵߵľ磬ۻ̫ˣ֮Ȼķ̫Ǳʵûиϣ
۴֮ţصĵУϡԼ֪Ҫ²ָܻʵֻܽˣ
㰵⾫Ȼ̫СҪҸ簡

Уޡ
ֵУò֡
Ȼ˿ֵ̣һȴǱһ졣
һϷӾȻĪĺ
ܶ˶ҪȥΧۣȻ˿̣һźڻȴǺȵǷɻѵͽģ͸Ͻ
Ⱥɢȥ
ԺУϷȫ̮һʯש棬һֻѪ˳ȻʱһɻȴǺݺһŽѪָȵĸѪģ
ȵЩ˾áѵˣϾɭֵгֹεȵģŵǰɣЩ鲻ǶڼúƽƷôôӺܺ۸ǰɣȻӦϵˣң
ǷűѹʯשϱȫѪҺĿȫǣ䳤һսʿ
죬ôܱ㣬Ҹ鱨ȫģôܻǣ
ž
һ˦ϣǷɻǲܻܵģֻսԵĳˣôľսʿٲ˵ʵҾɱˣ
ҪɱҰ˵ʲô˵
ãϾɭֱ߽Ϊδһɾ޴Ľ޷ȥ
ȵ
ܣֻнϴǵ˽ҴҲһܹϾɭֵУ
ţ˵ҲмֵϴǽץȷǽϾɭֵı߽磡
ͷˣ˵ʲô󷨣
Ŷˣ峤µ󷨣˵洫󷨣ܹǵɭ֮⣡
洫󷨣
ȵΪƾһ󷨾ҪסϾɭһôߣܵģ
תۿŵ⾫սʿƺѾûаüֵˣţɴɱкɣ
ɱɱ
ҲȵȻǶԽϾɭЩɻڻ
֣һȴǴſڹǰѵҪɱô
ɻԭſˣֲÿĺܡ
ſһ⻰ŵȫһǿԶӰ
ź˹һŮվţгɱûһ˸ҽӽǡ
һӰ˸ſǰƺЩ˵ͷĿվſǰǳɫڻаĶ±˸ɱ


1658 ɢ
ͷĿչֳ˵ƣʹÿſҪմˣû뵽͹¾ȻʵЩܳ
Ѳķ󺣿˵Ҫһ͸ص
˵
ʱλһŮҲǳſǰ޾ףİ͹ͣɫȹһ
޹
ſ񹧾Ĳ̧ͷ
㲻˵һ˫޹޲ڵôǱأ
£Ǳһδ֣
ߣˣң
޹ȵ
޹Ϣŭʵڲ°²Щ̫թ
飿ֺ;ʲôϸ𣿡
޹֪Ǽ̽ϾɭֵУǰȥϾɭֱֻҪõ˭֪Щľսʿȴסң
ſ˵
ס㣿ſ㲻ҪңɻŶܸսʿ
˵
մ֪Ͼɭֱ߽ڴһǿĽ磬Ϊ磬еʮɻȫԱҲ̶ãҲ˼ƽǽİ취
ʲôʱϾɭֱ߽綼нˣſѵгǿߣ
һ˵Ǿ峤µ󷨣
ſ˵
Ҳǿһŵ߸ϽͷǾ嵱еĳԱˣлҪ˵
ţ
Ҳǲ⡣
ҵȷǺ޼ֵԣǣǷ糤ϴСĺӣھ嵱зֻҪǰȥ嵱ԭ£ǲΪҵģ
ʲôҷȥ
ſȵ
ұǷ²һ̣ҵѾˣҵ˼ҪԵף׸峤µĽ絽ôһ£ȻٺӦϣ峹ײ
ŵ˵
úݶȻΪ˹Ȱ취
նҡͷ
ȻһԵ޹ȴǵͷݶûʲôϲֹҧϷˣţſ񣬾ͰСӵİ취ؾ壬ȻȸιһʮĶҩκηѵ̬Ψ·һ

ſͷ
޹˵գΪҵ󻤷ѾûǺķˣ
ҵְǱ飬޹أ
ǣͻȻԾȤˣ
˼ǣҪҳ֣
˵
ſҲտǿеǿߣĻҲᱻɵ޹ߵ󻤷ҲǱڵĽɫǳ֣ϾɭеĽܷסδ֪
ȻſȻǲϣճֵģ޹а㿴ôʱǸ޹а㿪ĵİ
û𸴣ȵȥʵ£֪ſϲ㣬ȴΪλҪѵҲ˼
ϲŪЩϲҵˣҪ֪ϲңһĥѣ
ǹҪҳ֣
ٸſʱ䣬ٸ㲻֣ҿԺ󻹸Ҳҳǰ
޹˵

Ͼɭ֣С
սʿǶڸѵƻ𣬸ոǳʤ̲ûǽǸʵҪԣΣҲȻ֪Ϊ峤µã´󷨱ƽ⣬ָõΣ
ҲûмլԼľݵУУһһ㣬յĺܡ
ӣ°Щôûأ
˧磬ôûأ

һ֣Ϊ⣬Ҳܵ˵ġӵȻݡӵֻǶĺ档
ûг⾫嵱з˿
㿴ΧҲһЦ⡣
㣬ǴŶ
֡
ߣҲŲ
¶ѵ
ҿıˣ
˵
󣬹Ŀɿڴ֮£ȻԾ˫ſȻ㣬Ҳ˫ۣӹ˫۶Գţ˶ܸо˫֮УԹǿȥȻ治ɫյȫգ
аɣ⼸ҲûлķϣҪӦòˣ
һã
ҲܹһɫڻˣҪܹǻ˵ã
ͬһʱ䣬ɱֻɫڻ
ɱҲÿֲˣ
㽫һ۾ڱ¶ѵ䣺̫淶ˣȥβԲεģʱ򣬺ٺ٣Ŀɾ͡
㣡
վ˵ʲôأ
ȷӦģ
һ¶ѵı׼ơ
һǳɡ
俴֪ȷԼЩһ⼸һֱ¶ѵİĻὫβԲεİɡ
㿴СЩԥҲǾЩЦƨɱԲεģҲҪ㣡
˭ҪҪˣ񾭲
һﻹǹ޳ܵġ
Ӵӣεأ
糤ϲ廰ЩҲѵˣɣҾͷһ٣ȥɢɢɣ
⵱ϰ
ֽ߹ôܷѵȥɢأܵ
Ц
ļǺܵͼҪܱ֤㶼ĸҵĻɢĻҲûʲô˵ģ
Ը
ϾɭֵУҲǲһϣǲԵĺˮǶ⻭棬˵ĺÿ
ҪϺӸʲôģΪ⻭ϵĵ㾦֮ʣס
Ҳ֪ΪʲôԭNҪѯ㣬ȴϣһԲ˰ľߵܶЩȥˣǶڻĽš
ιô˵
̲סʵЩΡ
˵ʲôأܾ˵ʲô㶼ῪĵģΪ㿪ģһǲ˵ĺã
״
Ǻðɣʣ˵
ţһЩ˽˵⣬Ҳش𣬻£
ʲô˽⣿֣Ҿ֪ϴ׷峤ݣǲ㰵нѵ޸ĵķ峤ģ

û˵ȴ˵˵Ĭˣ㲻ҲûãҶ˳ֵ֤ݣ
ѱ˰
Уô֪Ͼɭֱ߽нģѵŪģ

⣬ʲôйƵãҿûôأ
ҡҡͷУЩŮ˾ϲ̽δ֪Ҫ̫ģңΣˣ
飬ûаϵأοϲ̽δ֪Ҳɣ
仹˵ţȴǷǰһ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһӰȻϾɭֵƶ˾Ȼŵ


1659 ׬ˣ
ʱŵֱۺͱϿѪۣиȥ
Ȼһȥʲô
ߵ
ҲΪ棬Ҫ֪ԸоķɻŵΪŵɣȴû뵽ܻų
Ȼûô򵥣
˶ǳзȥǿŵϵеʱЩսʿȫһǷ֮ŵ磬ôˣ糤˵ȥ߽ˣû뵽ˣ
㶮ʲôǿӢ۵ѫ£ŵ磬Ǿ츳սʿˣҪȥ߽绹ָܻܲŻأŵ磬ٺ٣϶ɱ˲ǿޣ
Щ˾ȹҪ֪ϾɭֵΧŲǿޣҲ˵ҲǱЩΧɭֵвóȥġ
ޱܹŵȾսʿɣ֪ҪϸǿޣЩսʿûаա
ߣ۸ޡ
û˵꣬糤ϱѵ£Щǲ˵
һĻʹòپսʿĪȻֻǹ̫Сͯ޼ɰˡ
ŵŷ糤ϣȻ£һԼҲ涣糤ϣҴˣ֪ˣ
糤ϱ濴ûа㴥ʵȴǾĺܣŵСĺӣŵĸһ㣬ԼĶӷĸ׵Ȼܡ
û˵ǿԶһҲŵɵ˺ģԼ˽ĻǶԲס䣬ȵŵҵ㣬һ˶ѵ
䣿
ŵŻͷһۣӰŵøϽڷ糤ϵˡ
ҲûκԥǸ糤Ͻ˾ݡ
һȥŵֱӹڵϣ糤ϣҴˣǴشҵΪֱһޣҲ䵱սʿºֹһҪȥɱûңҲģҲҾ;ԲΪҵĸĸǱɱģ
糤Щݣȵ֪ˣαص˵ʲôã˺䣬Ҫǹ㼰ʱ֣ǳɹһףһ
䣬ŵԲ㣬ûпƺԼ뷨ԭң

Ĭ
ڹ۲ϵ˺ۣһ˿ڵȥһ˻Ѩأôˣ
Ͼɭֱ߽޺УҺǲ죬ҹˣ
ŵ˵
㰵ЦСӻǲʵôԵƤ˺ۣεĺܺãΪƭĹô
νûҲһȻ飬еˣҲֻںĳ浱У
ŵ˵䣬ҶԲ㣬ڿʼҵˣҪĻھ㿴
糤ϿŵһĿֲ˺ۣҲĲ̣ƫ˽ҲǾĴ𸴡
ŵ˵ȫƺǫ̃ʣȵҪãǰ㵱ԴӽҺİˣ޹ϸ𣡡
˵꣬뿪ܸܵһɺǿҵ޷йȥ
㣬ҿѾͷɳɵ
糤˵
ͷҲǷ

ɭֱ߽磬һͷͷޱѪֶλɱնɱޣйð취
һֻ߲βǰŰ׳ȣ˫䣬һּµɱӣ𺳣СǾ岻ǳкƽôҪΪˣЩޣͽгȥľսʿɱˣ
ײɱ¾ߣҪͷ㣡
˵ϻ
г裬һѩڿŲƺûаη䡣
Сȥɣ
һŭβȻȥܹܵһǿȻֵܵģһɲǣеŭȫɢ
Ҳ˺ܶ飡
ȫΪǼѹΪǼˣȻŵ
ԼСһ𳤴Ĵ磡
Ϊ飬˱ѣ꣬Ϊһ
ѣϧĺܣʧȥѵʹ࣬޴й
ھݵУûҪɱŵͷ
Ȼ˲ȻΣ֪ԼٵĻǱɱˣ
䣡
һ죬û뵽ʮ׳β;ȻԼǰĶˣѪܱѣѪӿ䱾ΪЩ˵ѪҪ罦ԼϣȻ˿һӰȴǴ߿ӹ
һֻ΢ůĴֱϣʹЩܴ߳ȴǿŴ˿Դа䵽ϣ˵ô㣿
Ҫңڻл˵ô
㵭
䲻˵ˡ
йˣ
йˣʵҲûʲô
ҡҡͷ
ȷûʧʲôʧȥһѣȴǵõһѣ׬˲٣
һۣðɣȻɱʵɲˣɭֱ߽Ľ磬ǲ㲼µģ
˵ǣ㵱ô
㣡
йϵô
ֻ˵滰أ
ҡҡͷˣˣŵλʲô
ʲô
ɻ󣺡֪ܸô
Ϊ˼򵥣
Ц
ѵ飿ˣ飬Ҷأ
غİΣأ
˵ԭأǰȥ
ҲЩң֪Ļʲô˼ŵôҲǾսʿôܶǾ岻أ
ι㣬ңʲôأ
ɣҲǺȷأ
Ц
俴뿪ıӰҲһߣһˣԼأҪһԼˣ
һΣѾԼΣ
ߵеʱ򣬿ŵѾѵľܱ޾ĳ徢һ㣬ΧļսʿҲѯ⼸췢飬ŵҲһһ˵Ȼ˵ĶһЩնɱ޵ľЩսʿѪڡ
ŵ߳ʱ򣬻½࣬ͣȵ㼸ʵʱ򣬲Ž½꣬ٴ죬õǡô
һŵҲǻӻ֣ǲҪӰѵ䣬ŵҲǿǴΧֲ˼ľսʿȥѵˡ
۾ȻܵȫûһĿ⿴ⶼûиٴθܵĪ˺Сƾʲôƾʲô
㣡
Ҫŵʱ򣬺ߺȵ
㲽ͣޱ飬ĮıӰŵҪץ


1660 ˭Ե
СӣȻң
ŵ첽ǰɨһһۣĮϷʵŵõŵһĸܣȻԭأȵüӲײʱŷ򣺡㣬ʲô㾹ȻҽײŲţھͽſ
ͷһۣԼײı׵ļһЦҴſôҿǱЩɻɵ˰ɣ
ŵŵԭأȫСӣô֪ģô֪ûɵİ
ôԵ׵ĸоˬԲԣңȥڻһ޵ĶҩƿУô
㡭
ŵϾ֣˵û֤ݣͲҪңôԵףôܣ
ǵͷ˵⻰ģ˵ʱ̧ͷȴֻܿıӰ
ȻһһֱûӹңȻ֪ԵףȻû֤ݣԺҪЩץѱ糤϶סң

֮󣬾巢һ벻飬峤ľݱ˸͵ˡ
׼ȷ˵峤˯ߵʱͷ˾еһ㣬ʹ峤׻ԣȵ峤ʱ򣬲ŷ־д󲿷ֵĵطЩǰѹ˵ĵҩҲȫʧˣ
һʲô͵Ȼֻǽĵҩ͵ߣޱȲ졣
ѵķɻѾǱУܰпŽģǽ
ǹأ͵峤ĵҩѵ峤˸ôˣĳ涾
֪˭
УپսʿţϾ飬ʷϣзġ
һľսʿ˵飬Ǿڲļһɵģһˣ
ˣǾпûʲôأˡӣ
ʵ벻˭ˣ
⾫սʿ˵
㲻ܵģ
峤ȵ
糤˵ʲôҪ֤ݣ˵ûʲôõģ
ȻҲɵģǽϵųһˣҽһ
ǺãǣһΪʲôϾɭ֣
Ϊ䣬˵Ҫô
ƨǻΪʲôأǰڶԿʱһѣǰǱϾɭ֣˵Уûһӣ
սʿأȻǸһһʼڶ˵ѻ
㲻ӣ
оսʿˡ
Ȼ峤ȴȻ֪һ㣬ûдΪȡ
㻹֪ʲô
糤Ϻȵ
ӣĻţҾԵףΪӦϺͷɻһټǾģ
⡭
Ƕû뵽սʿȻ˵ôһı˵ǰ¾ˣҲǷ곡Ϸ
͵峤ĵҩֻжĵһһ滹žļƻ
ˣ
ŵҲǲԭЩҲ˵ģѾ¶ô࣬Ҳֱ˵ˣһＫգһݺһ٣Զ䣬ʵҸͰ䵱Լãôܻ˺飡
ģȻ˵壬˵ģ
˵
Ҳɫһ䣬û뵽ŵĲģȻ㣬ȻҪϱ˺ýϳ塣
㲻ҪɱˣΪҪôֻΪҪӽˣ
ŵȵ
ܣɲģ
ҡͷ
ˣʲôˣ㻹ô
ƭˣҪȥߴ
㱻ˣתȴײһ˵ϣ̧ͷһȻ㣡
ֱӴӲԶ˸û˿ôֵģͬһ㣡
壡
ţޣͣ
㿴Ŀ͸ŸһĴ飬ȻĿ⿴ŵʱ򣬺ŵһ£һﵽʲôѵôྫսʿǰѵô
Ųܶˣ
ŵŻˣ˫ȾȻһıƽ糤ϣҰҽŲܶˣһɵģ
㣬ס֣ѵҺ峤ǰô
糤ҲǺȵ
峤ȴһԲ
ž
վŵ֮Զһŵ˲һɫİӡĿġ
һƣΪ˹
糤ҪӣȴǷԼҲǲֻܶĿŵˣ
ž
һ˦һϣѪۣ˭˶һ־塣
һƣΪ˺
Ҳǿһ㣬û뵽Ȼ˵ôһ仰һ̣и
ž
һΪ˺ཫķ糤Լ峤ԭ㣬ȴ˶Դǣ
ŵϾѪۣͱˡ
糤ϸѯΪʲô˵峤˵ţŵΪԻңҾͲ֪ʲôô
Ҫ󷨵ľԲԣûҵᣬҪҵĵҩȫ͵ߣԲԣ
峤ȵ
δ㣬ʵŵǱľݵʱһУ֮ǽƾͼƣ˳ˮۣ糿˵ҲҪŵԼףȴû뵽Ĳڸġ
ôŵģ
پսʿɻ
֮ǰĵĽһж˵ıľսʿ𾪵Ĳ˵ˣҿһۣͷ˼
ȻһеȻۣû뵽峤˵ŵ
壬ողһֱ˵Ǵɵôأ峤үү˵أ
ǸǸղָ֮ˣ̧ͷ˵Ȼǲ²⣬㲻ӣǧȷģо԰գ
ţҵȷӣ
ͷ
嶼ˣһôһ£ֱӾˣȻȷʵ֤ݣҪ뵽ҲǲʵİֻҪʸڷϣû̫취
㲻ӣΪҪ˵ƭǣ
ѵʲôıɣļϸ

һ
ҲǺ棬ȻûΪƭǶУǾͦеģǱŵ˼ٱ
ûг
ڵϸոձʹŵȴ˵峤糤ϣҸٶ£ʱ̣ҲðҰȻͲǺˣĻôܻǾ嵱а
Ҫ÷糤Ϻ峤
ž
һ˲˦˹ȥ
㶯֣峤
㲻ɣȻӣΪǾ˶£֪ǣµѵʽƵģֻǴΪͨˣҵȵãЩҩѹƲҵˣû㣬ˣ
峤ȵҪ˵ʲôĿģҲ֪Ҫ˵ҪǾ壬ҵһţ


1661 Ī
ž
һǺݺ˦˹ȥ
ŵϱѣ
һƵ䣡
˶ˡ
ĿΪĹ£ȴû뵽ǰģΪֻҾǰ㣬սʿ
ŵһƳ׸ˣ˭ԴΩ䲻У
һֱϲŵŮԼʹҪõôԼЩһֱչ
ңȻô˵ԼУֱ㣡
һƣŵǷ
һ̣䣬Ļ䣬ҲʼЦȫǱǿһ㣬ðźҲӵƴʢ
һﱻһܱ
㶼΢΢ЩȼǿŶҩô
ٲˣ㲢ԵףԵףңŵ
ϵѪ۾Ȼһ˲䣬ȫָ
ȫסˣôҲ벻ŵᱬǿƣ
˵ʲôԵף
糤ɫһ䣬춼ˣԭΪŵ֪ˣȴû뵽Ȼĸף
Եף
ԭԭ˺۲ɭֱ߽޶ԵвŲģǱ඾
ô糤ϣҲҪһô
˸һЩЦ
㣡ڵˣ
糤ߣ۽ᡣ
ڰɣڰɣһڳھأŵңֺʱűʹ࣡
ŵȵһжûϵˣͶ࣬ҵ壬ڳǰδеǿҪõһҪõĶ
Ĵȡһô
㵭˵ûв´ؿֲһŶҩǰȼˣӵеΪǿŶҩȻ㽫ҩȼάֵʱ㶼Ҳ˵һ̣ҲĶ࣬пܳܲסŶҩľ޴ƻʧȥ
ʱп

ŵԺص
ǿŶҩȷǷɻŵſֲؿڴģһ͵ĶʱըһĶҩʱһҪԱһ㣬壡
ŶҩʮŻᱬģȻŵĻ֮ǰŶҩȼˣ
Ӵӿŵĵ֮ʹŵ˿̵ʵǿ˰ٱ
ΣòİˣһжҴţȥ
ŵͨһ㣺ߣҲڿʼô㣡
˵ǵõأһϵһ㡣
˵Щ˼ˣޣҵǲٴ̼ˣ˳ٸ㣬Ѿɭֱ߽磬ΪѾ
˵

оսʿʼ𺳣ǽԭ㲼µģ
ʵжǿһֵǧ
ǿһۣһҪôǲϣҲܲ²ĳ
ô᣿ǴӦʱ䣬峤϶ֽţôͳˣ
ΪǾ飬һʼұûι㣬Ҳû뵽ôɵȻὫҩȼڣᣡ
ſ
һҵĻХ˭Ҳʲô״
˵ĿⶼǱߣ
һͦأͷɺųɫڻ⣬ÿһ˵ж͸¶ɱ
ɱ
ɱˣ
սʿʶ⡣
û£ǿ磬ҪԸǣûа취
оսʿҲ˵
еĽô
ſһ޴ĳʹУضɽҡ
ô£أΪʲô絲סôܣ
پսʿˡ
û뵽ǾȻһ㣡
峤Ȼҡͷ
峤ô£Ϊʲôأʵ̫ǿô
еĽ粼µʱ̫ã渽ŵ˥ʵϲõ֣ҲʧڣֻǼӿ˽ʧٶȣ
峤˵ڿʼǾûκνıӻˣ
ûˣ
սʿеŵ˫ȷȻȴվ˳ǵ֮ǰ˵ʲôôǻڰ֣綼Ҫ𣬶ڣǾǿʱ̣ʲôҾͲţǽᱻЩɱԲţ
Ҳţ
ЩľսʿҲǿȻĻ˹ʿá
峤οĿһУȴԸܹǾһ٣
ųû뵽еĽԭһ֪Ļ⾫Ͳˣ
ţЩ飬ǵķ²ҿԿǲɱǣ
ſȵ
ſ񣡡
бһǿ
ŵĽ˺ѷһ㣬ʹ˶ҪҪ˵ʲô
ͷβ㶼ûιңǲǣ
ſһǺȵ࣬ı죡
ɣ
ŵڿУԼͺһһ㣬ֱӳſȥ
Сӷˣų
ֻɫڻȻɣŵĹ켣ȥ
ƾǣ˲ҵģҵĿŵ
ŵ˫޼᲻һ㣬ֱӽһֻɫڻ͸
ֻɫڻҪŵȴǷָ
һĻ˶סˣ
ŵ磬ҪͶԷͬھôΪʲôΪʲô
ĿøĸɱľͶ࣬ȻѾȫ׼ȻſĻĴʹŵҪಫ
峤˵
ã
ȴźҡͷ
䣡
ŵҪײſȴû뵽˿ȴͻȻԱ޴ȻſɳȥλòĵشſֻܵһЩˣ
ŵˣ
ǼһǷȱһĻſҪΪԼֲǿŶҩˣ
˵
ųû°ɣ
û£벻սʿṹǺž޴Ŷҩȼ޷ǿôǿȻһոٱ˰ٱҲܵеģ
ſ˿
ɻŵ˶΢΢ңѲк󸣣ųһټЩľɣ
ţʱҪһսЩ˭Ƭ½ߣ
ſȵ
壬ǰǾҪˣǡ
ֱۡ
ԴʾҪ¡
ĿҲǿ㣬ŵĿҲǿʱȫһִĸܣָо޷ȴ֪ЩǱضҪ޹ˣ
ǸһϴγֵǸصôӣҪסأ
ſ֣׼ȥȴǿһӰ֮⣬һ˵أĪһ㣡


1662 
㣬Ҫô
峤
սʿȫĿ⼯ϣƺܸܵƺһǿҵڱǣ
ʲôСӣΪӣҾĲҶԸǣ˺ʼһս綼Ҫǣ
ſȵ
ǱǸҿǲ۲۵࣡
ʲô壬ңⱲӶǲܵģ
ǴЦ
ˣˣҲͽðˣɳܣҪȽͽɱ
ſӳɫڻ˸ȥһ˳ǹ˸âǹȻָ㣬ɫһ䣺еĿ˻Ƕ࣬ǾȽɣ
䣡
û˿˸ոշʲôȻȵǷӦʱſѾ˵ϣѪˮһ𾪣Ƕ֪ԼΪʲôᵹڵϣش
ֻſıɫڻ˶һȦļһȻ㣬ȻҪһ̣֫ȫնϣѪĽɫڻ
ɻŵȫɵˣ
ųǵľ䣬ҲŶʵǿ֮ˣ
ĪİУҸӹؼǣɫڻȻ֪Ϊʲô֫Ѷ
ͻıʣõǴԭأȻ֮ġ
ܣôܻҵģλҵģ
־壡
ſܵľԼǰһĸޱ֮
ǵģѾɥʧһսģ
ǳǿſȻȼ޷ܵģ
һĮ£Ӱӿз
ѸܵϾɭֵлˣĿһɨ⼸ӰУȻһŮˣɫȻʶһݵС椲һݺøУΪСһҰһĿ⿴ԼȻҪԼ
գ޹벻ǾȻڣ
ſ˵
ˣȻԼǱסˣǣӽ޹뷨¾ʹˣ
ž
޹һ˦˹ȥǸ߹ϾɭֵУضϲıأ
⣬һֱѰңֻܸܵһµķΧϾɭУȻȴҲſǱ֮ڣԾҪ
ſ˵
ôٲ֣ǷɻžҪ˰ɣ
޹ȵ
޹ˡ
ſ¡
ţЩȷ͹ҲȤķϣˡ㣬ѰҵĵǺα
ˮ
ſͷ
ˮǴ˵̺ˮ
޹۾һȻЩ뷨ҵˮҵȷ࿴ˮҪԼѰˣ
˵꣬ЩĵĿ㣬Ҫ˵һ䣬֪˭ŻȻ֮Ưһ龧ӨʯʱĿǾ
ˮ
Ծʹſ񶼳Ǳ߿ȥǾˮ˵ôһֱ̽ⲻԭСϣ
ôӵôˮӣһ㣡

һֱѰҵֻô
㵭˵
ſͷˮôֹˮ˵ֻвϡˮ㵽Ϊӵôģ
ôЩˮǰǿصģ
ҡͷ
˵ˮ統նɱ޻õЩˮеЩˮϵȵǻɫˮȻڵҲûʲô;ҲǲԸȥˣһֱϣû뵽ȴǱſ񵱳ϡ䱦һԴ
صģܣ㣬ſڴƻƣЩˮÿа̺ܹǿΪôضǣ
ſ˵
㣬֪Ƭ½֮⻹ô֪ϵôһôУ㻹ȵĸô
⡭㣬˵Щʲôϸ𣡡
ûмĶûмԼʶǳͲҪȥˣ٣˵ĶģЩˮҿǳͨ
˵
ſ磬ϾΪ׸޹ԼĿ࿴ȴû뵽ӣѳ
ˣ
޹һſĿ⿴㣺˵Щˮпȥͨ㿴ɺãжˮýȫգ

ſ˵ѪɱĸͷĿնˣҪնɱЩսʿôֻҪɱ㣬Щˮǵˣõô鷳

޹һŽ߷ɣȻĺȤĶȴǲϲʹñСӣңҺٺͱ׵ģ
кã
Ľңͬ½⾫еȻûãȥͲͬˣȻܹʹýң
ҶԽûȤأ
ҡҡͷ
ʲôȤֻҪ㿴ϵģѡңŮǿĹȫܺ㽻ףҪĺүҲܰ쵽
޹ЦЦ
ȻȴǴһ֪֮Ϊʲô޹ŭգɱһ
ϲŭ޳ļһûѡأһ¾ͱˣ
˵Ȼǿҵġ
ǣ
ϱǿƣȻУҲӦǴʱ൱еǿߣ٣;ЩսʿſȣҪǿ̫࣡
ɱɱûˮҿԸ㣬ҲҪӦһ
ո֣ޱǺȵ£
ǸĻ׼
СأЦôðɣҪǣþϾɭٺƽ꣡
˵
ǰ䣬޹ɱһЦһոմ˵ԼظƯҪһȻЦ
ߣ˳ǧˣ
þƽô
޹룺ţսʿʵУĻʱȻЩҲһֱ¾𣡲Һܺ棬ΪʲôҪ壬㲻ô
ҸӺ棬Ǻҽˣλȥ㸸أ
Ц
ܣҴӦȥһøǩһļȻ͵Ͼɭ֣ǻ;꣬Ȼǵַǰ֣Ǿˣ
ܴӦô
㵹û뵽һЩиֵǮĶȡĺƽҲԼ¼ʷĽˣ
յ˱ֹ޹һ뵽Ƣûг
ùȥɣ
ǰˮȫ޹ǰĿ⾼ǿΪϡ䱦һ㣬Щ֡


1663 
ˮˣѵҷڣҪ֪ҸֻǿͷŵңЩѪɱĳԱʵҪնɱǣûκ
޹Ľˮϵϲת˲أıĺܡ
ЩˮҶԣûκôϻǸ׸ӳ֮·ҲûʲôɱڣɱҵĻžͻᶯˣαصȵڣ
Ͽ־壬λų統ݶĹ̸нףռϷ磺УҲţɱôһĶţ˧Ƿˣ
ߣ
޹ζĿһ㣬յ֮߳ͷĵϸһģӲҵģ
ȵ޹뿪֮󣬾ľսʿǲһظĸܣĿ⵽ڻǳ𺳵ģոշʲô㾹Ȼ޹̸УһöԷӦǩƽЭ飡
꣬㹻һˣǾѾϵ壡
㣬ͣǸŮ̸Уܲ·磬ȻӣȴǾƽϢʱ䣡
Ǿ忪ʼһ̣㣬㣬Ҳڣǣעΰʱ̣

㣬ڲ֪ץǶôȷһ飬дĲƸ޿ģ
糤˵
ϣǹ⵽Ǿеأϲŵ˶
Ц
ûǿһ㣬߲ûп䣬Щʧ
壬ôˣô˵ˣǲǹ˵ˣ
ûû˵ֻǣҿҪ뿪ˣ
ŹԴЩź֮ɫ
ʲô壬ҪˣҪȥﰡ
ܻԶԶɣ
˵
ǴԺô
Ȼ뿪֮󣬹ѵһ£Ҫ֪㲢ǾаһŹ֣
ţ壡
ס㡣
峤Ҳļ򣺡Զӭģ㣡

㻹û߳Ͼɭ֣ȴͣסˣôҲһ뿪壿
һӰҲǴԵԾ䣬˲źǿҵĹ󣺡ȥ磡
˽ǣ֪֪ô
ǾսʿĳЩʵ̫ˣ¾ǩ˺ƽЭ飬֮ҲԿ࣡
˵УҴδ뿪Ͼɭ֣ʶʶ磡
ôȷһô
ѵϲңҲô
˵
ûнֻͣ˵ݺɫǴţ
Ůˣ˵ô
߰ɣ

ޣϾɭһƬ
ʮУҲ֮Ϊʮǣӵ統аٷ֮ʮĴ
ÿеУо»أƬҲûڶޣ˿㣡
ǣʮǵһУͻſķɻҲפУҲǶΪµľţ
֮󣬳Ŵ򿪣һɫڻӰЩϣһ׳˶ˣĿЩһ沼Ѫ
˵ڱţſɻŽѵһִһʤ̣
֮Уܶ˶ڹ
飡
ɫڻ׷׽һɫѪȶЩ˷׳ЩӺڲл˳һһ
սʿͷ
ôͷȻһʤ̣

ѪȲ֮У֮ϣȫѪһƬ
ſĿǰ鲻һɨǰϾɭֵеĴܸУϿȶɱ֧˲ӣھЩʲô
ԼȻǸʤſų
ȥ
ſŲ˵ӵ뿪д˿

Ҫ࿪սô
ӵȺУȻҲд͵Ĵڣ
٣һˡ
ڶ޵ûıϰߣ䣬ȴǱ仯٣
ȣΪò绨Ժ޹һƴľŮ˲ٸı䣬ŵɫͷ׽ͷͶڣȻ·Ĵ£ʹȻƯֻûܿóǾˣ
Ȼ㡣
ΣݵλҲ˸ı䡣
ֽסԼݣ˵֮ǰӦעʲôҪ֪ûô򵥣һЩССϸڣ֮أ
㣡ðɣҲǶԵģү
˵
ţſĲһʮͷſĸԣɱһˣ϶ὫһٸͷȻֻӮһ͵ϮսֻɱһСսʿ
˵ֻΪʮ˾ҪһսΪ˶Щɵô
Ҳöðɣ
ҡͷ
ڷԲʮ֮⣬һ֧ڳ̽
۾˵
ô֪
֪黹أӦ˵첿ӣſӦ˻ˣնսʿȻսټĦȥսضһ
˵ûйϵߣҵطסȥ
俴ЩϴĿİԴЩԷ㶣ôԼûϵأҪٲǿҲ䵽³ġ
һڻӦΪûʵõ꣬װ޺ɫڹһ㣬ȻǮҲˡ
õϰ˼۸񲻷ƵĽ֮󣬿¥Ӱҡҡͷû뵽СӾȻǮһһλүӵǰɫŮͣ治֪ĸӵܣ
㣬ǰܼӣǮҲõģǼһԾأ
˵Ȼ˵ЩҶڱ߽նɱǿϵľ˷ģҲð
㻹ЩܼأϰǻгİҲҪҲ̰ƹܸǴٺôأ
ٺô
Ī
û˵ʲôΪ¥µĽŲһõϰƿ˵λ˼ˣ
ʲô£
˵
ÿ¿һεľĴҪˣ۴Ʊ֪λȤô
ϰĿϣ˵˵ˣʵҲоȨǸϾȻʳ࣬˵׻ǽүȻŮһ
Ĵ᣿ô
˵
ϰһЦĵȻǸӵܣˣһǴŮⶫʮˣġ
˵Ȼ棬ȫеԹ󶼻ȥ⾺ĴᣬȻǳصĸ֣ѪɱĳԱҲԵñ֮ĴᲢȫݶǾģлиԹʱȣǿ߱ԪأַǷ
׼Ʊ
ˬ


1664 Ĵ
ϰû뵽ˬ󷽣֧ƱǱ˵࣬Ҳġ塯ݸӺ棬ΪƱ۵ԵʣҲǾľΪȡǳλá
ѡȥĴᴿ͸Ǵȥ棬Ҫ֪֮֮ʵָٶȾޱȻǽϾɭֱ߽Ĵ󲿷ȫնɱɣҲָ̫Ϊ
֮ȻĵʱʱУ㻹治ʱĴʱ̣ϾûлҪָʵѣ
ֻϾʱ֮Ż֪²ܴ򿪣
㰵
ڶĴص㣬һݻĺլ췽ǻһĸ˵ӵеĽҿǵĵ档
λ̩꣬ӷ׵ģ۾ܾϴЦ⣬һ̵ּζ
ֳû뵽ǰ벻أ
̫ǫˣ֧֣ۻ֪ܸܲɵأϾÿ˰տռǵһأ
ǳҲˡ
ֹУǳǶĴῴϾǶʮÿһεʢᣡ
ԹҲһһ룬̩Ϊ췢ȻĺЩ˽š
Ǿ統еĹԱô⵱У໥ʱȣ˭ĽҶ࣬˭ȨǼˣڱ˭ӵеŮ˶࣬Ƕģ
˵
ɣ磬һȫʵ磬Ǿͬ
˵
ǾУûнңҲû̫ľף峤үүһֱǿĿֵĳ󣬺ЩȣҲ֪ǲŽҸأ
˵
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ڱȨƣǮŮˣҪ٣ȻǱ˴˼Ϭʱˣ֮֮еﶼ̫򵥣
˿ʼע⵽䣬Ĵÿ¶һΣˣǻ϶ǼʶģвʶģҲܣһģͺܴ󷽵ĽԼǶʮĸҵĸȻڲ̫Աûˣûᡣ
㲢һǵ˰ɣ
˵
ȻҴԶ
ͷ
ܶ˶֣˵ʱһĪʣЩͷԡ
Ҳǿߵ䣬ǾþΪˡ
ԶҶ֮ˣ
ţ
ͷ
λŮӣ
ʵ
Ŀģһע⵽ˣŮȫԺ޹һƴǽŮ˴븮УôԼ㣬Щ߹㣬ʱ򣬷ҡֱĺܡ
үˣ

ȴ˶һʱûע⵽װŮӵȫĿ۽ϡ
ŮƯұ֤ϾĵľŮûһƯ
ˣȻСӵŮͣǲСӿϽŮĻԸһʲ

Ǹ̩Ҳǿ䣬΢΢ЩʧòȻǱ˵ūͣź
ۻ˵ʲôʱѾߵһȥˣֻһֱıӰĽʺ޵
оȻˣȤ

Ĵôûз֣
ǷǾô
ûУ
ٿ˿ܣһӱעЩô˵ȴǴźɫͷףŽˣǵ۾ҪȳԴһЩһɱҪǣǵĿһֱϣȥƺҪʬΣ
ۣǻǵĳ
ǵſŸոսʮն״覴ñر壬Ȼ׷Źǣ
նɱſۣȻϣɵģ
ľĴᣬΪṩһĻᡣ

һХ˼æ˵ſˣȻǴʤ̵ư
ûƬ̣ſǺͲ³⣬Ҳȷǹߵˣûпûпһۡ
ֱߵҲҫĵطɢһֿʡ
ſһÿζ⸱Уδʤ̣ˣЩߣҲΪǵģ
˵ˣ㿴ǳ۵ɫ֪ˣſ񣬲ǽ۲۵أ

ſ̩˼䣬Ͼ̩췽Ҷһֱɻʽ֧֣Ҫ̩һЩӡ
̩֮ŽĿɨֳۣû뵽ȻҲɫǲȥ¥أ
ųǻ˵Цĳ˿춼ŸõĽ転أôܻҵĽңĹ
۲ûΪſһ仰ŭ
ſҲЦֳ侲ʵ˾壬˻ǳʮ֮ã
ųҶԻǵĹʵǲֵһᰡųڳſڵնжĿ¶Ҫӷųأ
˵
ἰնжҲע⵽Щźɫͷ׵񶼼˲٣ȭͷҲǽգƺʱȥſ۱һ١
ˣλˣͲҪˣɣĶѾˣµľĴȿʼɣ
̩˵
û顣
ܿ˽һǰ
һƣдô沼磬ûмⲿһ˵ı
ûн棬⽣ɱˣ
һıҲһʺ

⽣
ȴ
Ҫ⽣
ûȤ⽣ã
ҡͷ

Ϊ£ǧؽ޷棬⽣ɽҼھ򵽵ıҲǽóģ
̩˵
ɽôֲֻǧ˭õ
⽣Ҫˣ
ſ˵
ųȤ
̩˵
ҲҪˣ
ǳҲн˵
ſҪĶһڼ۵ģ˭Ҳ˭Ҳ𣡡
ȵ
˵ʲô˼ⲻΥƽԭô
ƽǸǶȺԵģǧؽΪõģ
ſм̩ҳңؽң
ңſˣΪһѽѣ
˲ˡ
ȷңòġ
ؽȻ鵽ϣҲǽشǧľ޽УץСһɵһУǵֱӻ򷽲źҪؽ֮ˣ
飡
дϵĿףŵùѪɫ
ߣҪſҲԼжʱ㲻䣬ⱲӶ䣬صǵĳǳȥɣ
Цţͷʹ޵Ц⡣


1665 
Цʱиɫͷ׵ҪȥҲǱֹסˣƺиǱصĸǵҲҡҡԴʲôԣ˶ĴôǺЦ
һؽſãҲЦݣĲ¶ڳӢ䣬ſҲΪȻ
ڶƷ
̩˵
һ뽫һźڲĴ̧ӵа˹ûκ졣
ôӣѵǾŮ
Ƕɻ
ĳҪʧˣӵпļһأ
壿
ţ
̩Խڲƿ
Ӵ򿪵һ˲䣬һץס֣ȷˣһǾŮˡ
Ůһ飬ûаߵĲϣͷҿܡ
ߣվһɫƤĴͷĻѪۣȻŰ
սʿ
̩Ūսʿ
˺档
Ҫſˣӳ͵͵˻ģҲնжΨһûɱսʿ
̩˵
˶ſ񣬺ЦſɲϲϾɱļһһսʿͦõô
սʿ鷴ܵĹעҪСö࣬ⲻ䲻ļ飬סеķŭܰҾȳô
µģ
ͷ
ȻˣЩˣҪԸˣֻһֱ޻ᣬſǷɻŲǲܾţЩ˶ס
ߣˣλģȻֻɰľ飬ɲҵĽ
ſȵʹ޾飬ʹϾɭ֣Ҫֻﱻֱɵ˺ݺһ
˵˭ʲô˼
ֳô˼û˺;Ľϣ治֪Ĺ̥
ܶ˶ڴ
ſҲǽؽָֻˣ˻һȴǱؽźҶſȵҪǲչأһݺĥ㣡
ֻһֱ

˿һûǱؽһҲʹȺмӰȻӿ
ſһˣ֪˿ΧȴΧ߰˸һ
࣬͵Ϯ˲ӣնսʿͷ­ڻҪǣ
һ뽫ɫͷȫȥҲǶһԣīɫƤҲȻǰ˶һ⼸Ȼսʿ
죬˶
һλŰ̺۵˺ȵ
ſһʼЩЩһĳ֣һ̣ɫָеİؽǰսʿôǽһ̣ҾѾ֪ˣߣΪԼصĺô
֪
սʿǶ֪ⲻſĻ֮ưˣ
ſǻǵһʿǱﶼĻôͳɻţ
һ֮Ҹջ
սʿЩ㶵ʱſһڣȻǴغŵķɻǣ
գɱ
սʿȻſ񣬺ҲؽУսʿȻ嵱еǿߣϱǿƣһ˵ȭͷȻһſؿڣֱʹúײɳȥ
˿̣Ѿһţſļڰֿ߸ͲԸȡ
ſ񷽲ǰԴҲȡˣ
ĵ
һҪӽס˾£Ȼ˿̣ȴӿһֻֻɫڻЩڻһ۾ˣЩǷɻ
ſҲǽ£ϾɭֵƥȻɱƥȴӵŸӰԵֻɫڻĻ
ɱǣ޴ˣ׼
ſȵ
飡
ӵ㹻λãЩɫڻӴҲܹڣǶ׷׶Ըǰˣ
Щ˿ȥ鷳ˣ
ҡͷ
Ǹľ飺ˣܼ٣
Ҳǿֻӵľ飬Ҳǻһֱӽӻơ
ſӣ𾪣ܣ죬ǿ߶޷ƣôܣ
뿴˭ӵģȻΧֻսʿȴΧʹ޷ֳ
ӵеȻ˳ؼգʹϵ˺Ǻһ㣬ͷ˻һǽĿ⿴ǰۣ
һǻǳǰ˶ûзУ۷Ҳŵû
δ㶢
ǣǣǣ
һ˲֮䣬ǰͷ­ȫšϣ
šͷ­ЩѪ۵ϣŵþ
˻
˿̣һҲǱſһնɱѪĲӿ
ոšӵ˿һĻҲûǰۣȻſȥ
ſΪնɱһ˶Ī˷ܣȻ˵ȴЩ־壡
Ҫ֪ԲˣΪ͵Ϯ֣ͲЩ˵ʵ
𣡡
һȭȥſеؽӲıĲҪؽֵȴһȭϮֱӽſеؽ
ſµĳɫڻҲȻ³ֻǰצҲȻˣ

ûбܿһȭ
ǵȭֱӽɫڻһֻǰצϣһȭɫڻȫ䣡
ûצӺݵĳɫڻҲû˰
ų
Χķɻſ߷ȥ
еλһ򵥣
㿴绢ҼһԵĽɫ£ûеġ
ȥˣ
ʱҲǽɡ
ӵеľȻһţ佫ԼֱǾϣǾ鿴һ䣬˸žӨỨȻһֻĥѵľ顣
䣡
ɻǵΧʹǿ˰ʮɻΧǣ滹ŷɻ
ȫסԭ˻
ʲôãЩˣôߣֱ
ſһȥһ˵Ĳӱڿϣ
˶˻
ʱſȴǽĿ⿴һԣǱ飬Ҫ룡
٣Ů⾫ĵģ۸ߵãֶΣʵҷѽⰡУǳñ⾫ƯˣɫϾɭֵеǸŮ
ſ˵
ɶ࣬Ҫɱ㣡
ȵ
ֻ飿
ſҲȻ
ĵлſ񣬺һ⣬Цһ⼸˺ֻС鶼ֵǮֵǮĿ㣬ֻҪץס㣬׸󣬼ӹٽڻ£
θڻǲСץôˣҪץֻ飬֪θ̫ʱὫθƱô
һȺը졣


1666 
㣡
ſȺ߳־壺һʲôʱģ
۾ǳͷϵģῴüС
Ц
С
ſ񱻴ʹĺܣ˲ɱɫڻжûܻԼļһȻ˵ԼС
ֻǵ͵ˣ
ðɣ㾿⻢Ҫʲô
ˣ
˵
ſҧȻҲԼ޷ס㣺Ҫ飿
Ҳܣ飬ұߣ
˵
ãҸӣ
ſ˵
еؽ
㣬㲻Ҫ̫ҵ彣ҲҪ
ô㻹Թԣ
ãˣ
ſ񽫰ؽ׸㣬ߴ뿪˴
̩Ҳ˵ų˾˭㾹Ȼ
ֹ޹϶ûֵʲôôһһ֮þ并Ӳд꣡
ʲôǺƽЭ飬ùǩµģ

ſ˵⼸ֻʱȹ֣ҵҪûսʿǰȣ

صסĵطϴ˸裬Լһ·ϣͷСһЩ·Դ⾫ƤףҲЩ࣡
Ҵʱͺ豻ЩץߣǽǷĸ̣ÿ豻Щ
˵ʱֹסһҪҾȳȥһλᵱΪҳȥ̴ȣ֮ұ˵ˣ
Ȼѳȥ統йһαװ࣬ҲǱʶƣֱץ
ҡҡͷ
ʲôˣ
ҽʮ꣡
С
Ѿˣÿζ̲ͬϰ壡
˵αΪǻᱻǣ
˵㲻ҪˣǾԺ󲻻ᱻ۸ˣ
ô˵Ǿǩ˺ƽЭأ
ţǺĺƽЭ飬ȡأ
˵
ҲǸм˵磬л㣬Ҫ㣬Щ黹֪Ҫץ߶أ
ֻǵЦЦû˵ʲô
ڷţԼ׼ȥҵԵġ
߳ùݣһӰǴ˸õϰ屾˵ʲôģ״һѪɱĺˣСӻǲ˵
㣬޹һˣ
һ˵
Ů룬˵һһˣǣûȤ
ҡͷ
㣬ǲʶ̧٣ѪɱҪߵˣδдߵģ
˵̫˵Ļǻʧģ
Цţûǡ
ϣ
˳㶯֣Ȼȴһ˲֮䣬ȻһӰ˸ٶ֮죬Ͳ׷ϵģ
Сӣܵ죡

㵹ǲڴϺЩһﶯ֣ʵǾ͸Ȼ׼ԵʱһӰȴǳԡ
޹ߵλڣգ
ѪɱĳԱԳû붯ʵҸо⣡
˵
öĻԳߣ
Ҳ˵
޹Ҫ㣬飡
ҶȤǺܴǰ˵ɣ
ùµǰ㣬ȷҪô
˵
ҵĻѾ˵ˣҪҵԵģ貽
ǾͿܲҽһˣ
ߣֳӥצȻצ㣬Ӹûжյӥצץļֱӱһɣ
飡
ձĺ˵һ䣺ϰ壬
տ򵽵ʳһɣһȻʩչҵʵ

һݻľ¥Ժ֮С
žžžž
һƤ޳촫ȼɫ棬Χվźˣӵн𺳵ĺܡ
ݣ
һӰ֣˵£Ǵ㣡

޹һ޹ȥŻƤֱӻϣǰҷ
ǻʲô
ȵһŮħͷ
û˸˵
ݣ
һӰգҲҡͷ£ʵǵϣܱһǿ
㶼ǿǿˣ
޹ҲǽƤ޶˵ϣǼһҪ
£ΪηҪһ棿ѵΪ˵飿
ſһﴳ˴Ǽֻȫץʹ˺¿սģ
޹˵
¾Ӧô죿
ȥſ񣡡

ųǼֻˣ׼δأ
һɻʵ
ȽǹЩˣҪɱ࣬ǳԵͷ
ſ˵ҵû뵽СҲڵУڣЩ˵Ҳʲô
ųλƿǿĺܣҿڳʱҶŵòҳоҼǿߵУǿû֮һ
ţҲʵջҪǿǿǿҲȥˣ
ſҲ˵
ЩɻҲǸоſһ㣬ϵĿ֮Ȼʧ
ſ񣡡
յĶС
Īһ£
ߣ׳գ˴֪ô
ôܣҲŸոջɱһսʿҽ߰˹εУ˴󹦰
ſ˵
֪ץ˭ô
˭
壬һ壡
޹˵
һ壿ܰһ岻Ƕɾôǵһܱɾޣ
˭˵һ嶼ɾޣֻһܹɾޣҲǱһм
޹˵ΪץͨսʿǻӪô
ţˣֻץˣȷЩͬǷҶ㲻Ķ֣Ǳһ壡
ſ˵£ô죿һ壬ǼΪ̣ǱضӪȳǸһİ
Ѿ鵽ⲻԶ˴սʿǵĿĲԶȻҪֻɣ
޹˵
սʿ£ǽǱɷˣ
ˣϣʿڣЩ˸ΪǺǣ޼ɵģ
˹ǿҪʧذ
ſҡͷ
ģѾǵľ´󳼣⼸ͻὫʿȫߣҪǹĳҲûжʤ㣡
¾ģҪ֪һ˵壬ǿƣǱ뻢ǣޣǶҪˣ
˵


1667 콵
ǶҪ𣿡
ſʶԼ˴
˵һľǷɻȻųƲܾţʵĴսмΣң֪ǿŴΰھУԣʵɣھ͵˵Ʋӣǰ˿ս
֪
ſ˵
ţȻҲʧΪǵһᣡ
޹˵
᣿
˲򲻵ӦҲǲѡսģӦûǻ취Ӫеˣ
޹˵̫׾ͽӪߣᱻǿһ
Ǿߣ
Ҫʩѣǻص̸е״ǲܻ棡
ɾޱǿ󣬿Ƿɻŵסأ
ſڱòٿ
ϻЩɫڻҪɾ޻˺ѣ
޹˵Ҫǿ򣡡
Ѫɱǿѵǿô
ѪɱΪĲӣȻǰĸ鳤Դӱ֮Ҳǻķ˲ʱڵʵԶԶǱɾ޵Ķ֣
ҡͷ
Ҳǵͷ£һᾡģ
ţҵû˼ǿߣѾļ˲٣ǻеһˣұضҪ뵽
˵ĿϾɭֵǼһǳڻˣһһ飬Լҵ彣
㣬Ҳ鲻κϣֻ֪һϢľ峤Ȼһٽ辫峤ְ֮䲼һϵеѵʩʹþսʿǿһţ
޹˵ϴϾɭ֣ԶʤңأҾʵԶǱǿǰ㣡
˵ǣʵԶңҸԹŹ֣µҲᣬȥˣ
ˣϾɭֵУһҪǩƽЭ飬кǿҵĸ壬뿴Ҫʲôô
޹˵

ùסĺԺС
ѩлѩƮӰɣӰɱǿ
ţ
һؽУɽӹŲԶЦ㣬Īʵ⽣Ǹҵģ
ţ͹ͬ񣬽ɣеӲԭӦеʵ⽣ϲ⣡
˫ֺأпľ֮ϡ
ţ
ͷٴʩչѩһؽĽзǵûбñ׾ҿȥɣѩʮУһȫʩչƮɣɱǿÿһУǵжԷѨȥġ
ؽ޷棬ɲ
˵㣬лؽҺϲҵĽ裬ԼΪһˣ
ƮݵĽ
һ޹յ˳ںԺС
ǣ
˵
ҪţǺǾǩ˺ƽЭ飬ûҪΥЭ˼ҲֻҪİˣ
޹˵
ͷȲˣ
¡
޹µпľϣһЦһͺƾճϵһϾɭֵеϣ֮٣㾿ʲôˣ
ˣ
˵

Ц˵Ļǲôȵ£һŮںԺ̸ģ
ɹɹ̫ôܹǶ飡
ðɣ㣬һף
˵
Ҫף
ǣ
սʿ飿
ȻһһЩҪҶʱ佲ˣ
ҪˣûȤǵסЩǿˣ
ҡͷ
㶼Щˣ
Ҳϲɱɱ
Ц
ſ˵ҵĳɫڻǱնɱģ
Ҳȥ
˵
ǵſһۣ˵ץһֻɣѾ˲ӣǱȻһ֧ɲǱӪˣ޷أ붼룬˹ʱͻǿսʱսѪɺӣ
û˵
Ϊ࣬ҪﾫȡƽЭ飬ѣѵ㲻Դô
һﾫ壬ΪϲĹ뱣ˣ൱УȴûУڻûз֣
˵⻰ʱǡɱһ͵͵ż̸һƬǴһ˻һ㣬֮ĸܡ
޹ǺȵŮˣ൱ҲŮҪ˭ʲô͵ģҰǣ
ˣϴֻôССҪ󣬽Ҫɱͷ̫ˣ
ҡͷ
޹ϴϾɭһﴫز飬ɫһ䣺㣬
ƤȻ˦źɫƤֱӻ㡣
û뵽С椻ǸȱӣʱҲ統һЩSMһ£ĹŮװƤ޲ͣ˷ܰ
޹ȻǲܶԸ㣬߼Ų˸ͷԡ
£һ֮
ſȵ
ϲʱҪ޹ƨٽ㣬Ȼߵһܣȴʹ޹Ƥֱһ޽ſڵأ
ʹ£ǣ
ˣǲ֣
޹ҡͷƤ޶һԣ뵽ԷȻǰҪ󣬶Լȴ޷Ը㣬Ͳһ㣬ģû꣡
ߣ
޺վʹ뿪ϱƤ޴бſҲǼˡ
ߵԣ˵ôŭ๫ģ
ҪŮô˵ֻһô򵥣
㵭˵
ģ
㲻Ҳû취ʼնҶ氮
ҡҡԴ
ƺݣ˵ˣҾ֪ʱѾôˣ㲻ϲңҲ㣡
ɵϣ
俴Ӱ뿪ԼߣҲǰҡͷһѵĲ֪ǾеŮǱĻҪ飬Ҫɱô
֮һʼ㣬ΪռʱˣֻŮܸ֮⣬ֱֻϵ˲
Ȼû̫࣬Ȼ֪ѾøУûżϾ⵵һ㶼ĸҵҪģŬָΪ
ȻʹڤָΪʱȻֽȥ
ӱɨĸɸɾϲСҲĺܣľ֮ϣ״̬
ʱյУȴܲ·쫷ϮõĴźϺϣŵøϽ˴ϸϱӣںԺеҲǸյĹ仯ҡҡͷô£Ԥʾʲôأ
ǿյУһɫ׵磬ȴǴĴ˸ȥһã


1668 
ս״̬յĹ仯ȻѲǿʶ̽⣬ʶУ˿Ҳһ׻⻯ĳ֣ҲޱȾȡ
Сӣþò
ͷڹһש㴩Խõλ֮»ص֮·УּһΣ
ʱȻһۣɢɫ磬Ǵһ˿Ц⣺ô㻹ң
Ҳˣ
һȭȭӵ£һȭȴǱױܿЦƾڵҪԸңѶȺܴ󣡡
ðɣϱ̬ʱ֣ν£
㷽һȭûлУҲٳȭˣϾҲܹܳڵĿֲӵеģ
ԽԽ
ȻΪСӣ
ҡͷΪ㿪֮ţò˶þָܻ۷ʵȴû뵽Ȼ˷ôʱ䣡
˷ʱôҿûа취ƺĵأ
ȻҲܹ㣬㿪֮ŵʱʱ⣬صĵ򡯵ʱ󣡡
˵ʱĵ̫ϡҲԻָʵ
ʱ⣿ͷô˵ֲ˵ôôŹ֣粻֮ţ
ҡͷô죿
ӿʱתʱգ
˵
ڵȫз׭ңֵĻҵֵ
ҡͷ
תʱգȻҲ÷׭УȻһ£ͱȻ鷳Ȼʱ򱻳޷ֵ
˭Ҫʹ󣿡
˵統УһֱʱƬҽ㹦㽫ʱƬ׷ԴȪܰתʱգص֮ŵȥ
ʱƬתʱգƬ
۾һ
У
񣿡
ţϵҪԼǻȥѰˣҪǣһＫ令̡
ô֪ôˣϼһ飬㻹ô
˵
ûˣ
߿ЩŹ֡
ߺߣһԪɣ
˵
ʲô
϶ôòŽʱңһ׷ô
ʶУѾ˼ؽ硣
ȻſֲֻһԪҪͻĽ磬Ҳôף
ȭ
䣡
ȭ߼Ҫ㲼µĽ磬ҪֵȭһľܹãҲ޷ȫֵסȭġ
߱ȭ㷽ŽȫߺȵСӣǵǸ磬ҶҪÿȻô񣡡
ٺ٣ȭѣõôСôĺˣһᾡõʱƬģȥȥǸ磬Ҫһ
ûоʱƬĹֲڣǻΪһϹʧʶС
㣬㣬ɲңôˣ
䷽ſǵķ䵱Уǽƿľһ
ŻˣѰ㣬ѣ
ȴǷ·Ҫ£Ͻס֮£۾ƣոǿ͵Ϯңӣ
ǿ͵Ϯ㣬㲻Ҫңˣ
伱
ûõģǿʵǿ̫࣬Ҹ֣ű͵ϮɹһΪ˼һ棡
㣬㲻Ҫ˵Ҳ
˵
֮ǰֻ˵˵ﻰ䣡
㣬Ҫ˵ʲô㲻ҪĲҪ
伱ᶼˣǾŮ˿ɲΪᣡ
ǲǸңѾϲˣʲôʱʼģ
֪ҲǵһۣҲǵһһ춼п㣬ֻҵʱ򡭡֪֮ϲ㣡
˵
۾ٴαϣ˵㣬˯֪֪һǷһŵһģҪһֱ㣡
˵Ŷ
۾ϴЦ⡣
ô£ڵƺǿˣ
˵֪ˣոƭҵĶԲƭӣ
תߣϷŹᣬһѱǽ뻳Уֱ˹ȥ
еһжǼٵģҲǼٵģҶĸģ㹻ˣ
䱾ܣȴǳڻĻУͷҲӵ
˫һֱȫߣҲǰ˵˫壬䡮ӡĽţδµȫǸֹĶȻʵȴǱ㳹
ĺģžеζζҪһЩҲǰͣãŻơ
Ҫ
ҡͷ
״£ﻹ˼̫࣬Ӧ˵ֻҪǸ˾Ͳʱ

ͦһ̣˫ץıϣǿҵĴ̼УҲĶˣ

һֵǧڴŪ죬˼ηţ˲Ŵ򿪣ǰ·ƺ壬ƺ뵽ʲôûжʣʲô飬ֻ˵ո÷ˣ·ˣԡ
ţķˣȻҪúƷһģ
˵
ǡ֣ȻҲǽ֮Ĺϵ͵ͨ͸

ⲻʮ
һֻֻսʿվ룬Ŀһףɱеսʿ
һսʿȴǺΧ˲ͬǼ֮нɫ£ҲҪӽ׳һЩƲӣһ壡
Ҳ嵱жѵڹͣǿƣңɵһܹɾޣޱȣɱвˣ
ԭ˺ѾһȶƽĽ׶Σ˫ڿԼͶԷĦ
ȻɻųſһóȻ͵Ϯȴʹ˫Ĺϵ΢
Ҫ֪ſ񲻽͵Ϯһ֧˵ĲӣһնʮսʿҹѺһˣ
嵱еλҲĸߣʹ뾡һа취ȳ
ʵ̫թˣɳľսʿǱǷ֣ȫ˻ǵεУȥ治֪ӻᱻʲôʱ򣡡
һ˺ȵ
ſץס˱ɣǱɵеӣȻܱɾޣⲢӰڱһ嵱еӰ
Ͼӣ
ӣ
ЩҲǺǵģҲǾ͵£Ҫ˫ľҳͻһֱŹӣҲòźǿ
˺ȵһ֧սʿǱ뻢ǣЩ໹ʶ̧٣ֹǵĻǲúǿֱӽǻˣ


1669 ӿ
ǵãƺǰǴηͻֻˣܾá
ҲַǷ˶ܺĺ飬Ĵ߶ʱһӰҲǳ˸ٶȼ죬˵ƽˣһЩڵʿҲ޷Ӧġ
εУսʿѺһضļУɣ˺Ҳ޷
ӵ£ܣûܽоȳ
˶˵
ǱԼƣȻǸ͵Ϯˣұһҫһ˻ˣڻǣ
Ȼ˵
ӵ£ֻǾͷӰˣ֮϶ɳսʿǰӪģõģ
Ҳûлұһǿʵֻ൱ҲвǿߣٴļƵУҪ֪һֱ൱թģ
ɾ̤ƽǣˣҲûκôģֻ˸Ӳأ
꣡
꣡

Ҳǲ˲ǿߡ
о޹Ĵļĸ֣ЩҲǱۼһƬյأںǽǸԵվλ
ɢ֮˵£Ȼûļ̶ֳȵǿߣǸҲˣҪԸЩɣҲǸУҲǣ
ţǸʵ̫ˣб£ͽˣ
޹˵ſǼһأ
ķɻŴͷܼЩˣ
Ǽһ￴ˣĻǴαƤ޻к

ſһٶɻѾεĿУǶڵȴЩ˱ɵĵΪͷӣ֪ŵʲô
۾ҷ㣬ο޹ίǳɹ˲ӣǱضᱻͷȹʱٷƣٲǵģ
ſȵ
ԱҲһһͷȻȴЩӣǿɲҪٷƣԸ˱ɣֻˣ
𣡡
һ촫
ɻŽȫעſ˵С֣˲Ӹ˴󵨵ĳ
ôң
һ˻
ȻǷɻҶײſĻһӰǰ
Щ˵ζҪһͨսʿǿ׳ܶ࣬۾ðǿҵɱ⣬ŽɫĻ£Ҳö룬Ǳ˵Ʋӣսʿ
ǱɣСģ
ſȵ
𣡺𣡺
սʿһʮˣȫ˻ţף·Ƕǵסˡ
ɻǵɫڻһɫһȻ˫޹⣬ҳǡ
ϣ
ſһ¡
ЩɻֻܼųɫڻǰȥȴǼǵڻһ㣬Щսʿ˫ȻһȭһֱӽЩɫڻײǽȥˡ
飡
Щɻûеֵסȫݺˤ˳ȥ˲ء
ţǺų಻ܵľţǻǻῪЦأ
һЦ
ſڸոյġڻжָֻӣûüȥۼڴˣǺȵЩɲҪǻǵĲǿ߶ҪǺÿ
˵꣬ӰԣҲǶʮǵһ֧ţȻûſķɻ죬ʵսȴǱȷɻǿϲ١
ſ񣬾඼ǷɻŲˬˣһֱ˵ǲܾţôǰ˰ɣʵīӾűǲ֪ǿ˶ٱϽһȥЩɣˣ
īӾųȵ
ߣ
ſûзࡣ
ľŻǶ࣬ǽսʿնףΣҲҪЩȫնף
һɺȵ
ʮһǣǷж磬ֳצֱסЩīӾŵԱĲӣ
ǣ
ſֻһϲӵȻ𺳵ķ֣ЩɾȻÿжѪЩѪš϶ԷĲӲеģ
һ˲֮䣬ʬ壬ԼЩʬͷ­Ѫ߰ߣſҪҸطߣ
սףȻһսʿֱӽͷ­šʱ
ܣܰЩɷˣ
һȺףʣµ˸Ͻѡ
ȻսʿȴǲŹǣץסȫɱ
ſ˿Ѿ㵽һԱȽϰȫĵطǰһĻĻĲ״Ͳ֪˵ʲôá
ݣ
һӰٴδܳ޹մŲѪɱĳԱ֣϶д˾ȣſҲͽȻֳȥ˵£Щսʿʵ̫ǿˣֻǸͲǶ֣罫סսʿȫˣ
ž
޹һƤ˦ϣǺ˰ۣҪǳģô鷢չ־棬ֻܵסЩɣĻһս޿ɱܣ
ǡ
ſĿ㣺˵ǣҪסЩɣ
Щ࣬ǵӵ·ųѵǽɱɾô
ӵ£
ſһѵץǸɣӣҵ찡
ߣбµĻԼȥεоǰɣ
޹ȵƤѾ˦˳ȥһ޻һɣҲǱ޼Ѫԣ˫ȻĳǣҪץסȻݺݵ㣡
ɱ
ҲǺȵ
ѪɱԱҲȫ˳ȥ
׳ۡ
Ȼ˿̣һȴȻ𣺡ͣ
ͣ£
ĶȻ֪˭ڷʩҲǽĿһɨӿ˶վһ飬ȻΡ
ô£ǼεſƳɣôӵĳ
޹˵
Ҳʾ̫⡣
ӵ£٣õˣͽǰЩȫɱ⣬Ϊ𣡡
ҪǣǸϽߣ
˵
沿ЩŹ֣Ǻܲ˵Щ޿κΣ
ӵ£ôˣô߰
Ǳˣ޹գſ˶ԭأôЩ뿪ѵǷʲôô
һ̣ڿε߳һӰ˵ĲԳƵ˫ĳ֣Ҳ޹Ϊȣ㣬һô߳ˣѵ״ҲǺŹô
޹ĿƿŷоȻһɫĽǽ۶ܿǼеƳŵ
ǻǵΣҲʵôģӦûǻĻЩͭѲأ
㽫ŵȫſǰŵòһһ﾿ǲ˰ſǧƳɣʲôʱһǧɷͭˣ


1670 ܻ
Щսʿǵӵ¿ǰ˫Ȳˡ
Ȼʱ䵹˵֮ǰ
ҲЩսʿֺɱ¾ʱεеǻڰңڱӿϾҪȳȥˡ
ȫ˷Ѿ˱֮ӦøЩʲô
һҪЩ͵Ϯҵ࣬ȫɱ
ӵ£ֻϣ°߼ŮСǳΪūͣ˵ЩϸƤģɲеŮˣֳ󣡡

ǻҪҪѹŮȫ壬Ҫ֪ǿŮеļƷ
ҪȻҪǸ
˶ʶ˵⻰Ĳ֮һʱ򣬶һ
ǾȵĿ㣺˭ʲô
Ҫ˵ǵģô
еϵЦݳа⣬ȵвһ㽫ǰпֿ֮ʼ㣬ǵģΪʲô
ҪҵĻ
Ļӵ£ɱڻСӣ
˶Ҫ֣ȴǷԼȫ£ûԶ
ģھͿԱʾһ£һûκʹеģ

˸ΥҪ֪ǿǲûмǿߣǵһ
ӵ£һ˭ѵܵвô
Щսʿš
Ҳǿһ㣬赭д¶֮Ĺϵᰡвô
ûȻûУ
ҡͷ
ֵǣӵһǱǸסˣɱǣӵ£
Ҫ
ֹȻûκηˡ
Щսʿȫ㣬ǵУеΪʮɵľޣ
ΧĲýﶼ׼̤ȵķ飡
䣡
ҵĽ̮ʹñֵĻһţ˭ûпǰȳǽҪߴĹǶأԼɥ
һֻɾޣԭǾǳªģҪռ⣡
˵
һʮֻսʿֻɾޣҲ֪᲻£
޹Щġ
£ܹжǧԤƣҾǻް̵֮ļһ
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Ȼһ̣ȴȻȻȻ
䣡
ֻɾ޻ϣǺ޸оһ㣡
Щɾ޻ҪӴһǱô
޹˵
ֻɾҲԭأô£һôӴ󣿡
ǲϲôôûоǵЩˣ
Ц
еʶҲǰЦ㣬һûбҪЩˣȻʹҵܡ
ⲻЩڸô÷㲻ôµ
㣬㶮ңл

ֻɾ޲аһ㣬Ȼǵȭͷϣһ㣬ûаɱ
˸ǷƻֻɾȫһƻڵأЩܱıɸͲǰˣԭء
ǲҪһȺ׳գ
ӿ˵
ɾȫָԭ״Ҳǽ˻ȥĿӣ²ûоأ
㾿Ҫܷң
˵
㣿ܵģ嵱ǿܹңĻһӶ׼⻢ˣɳٱɾޣõģŵҲˣ
Ц
һ˵⻰»û˵꣬Ҫ㲻ͬոյжѾ˲òȥ
ӵ£ô죿
ȫȥ֪ͨҸһĻһֲȫȥ
ӿҲһ£˿̣һӷ緶
ǻȥӵ£ô죿
˺ҵģĻڶˣ
Ļͦ׵ģȻ֪㵽ʲôӦòҪɱ
ߣ
սʿǼкͿһսʿȫˡ
һߣ޹ҲΧ˵Ҹõķ䣬Ҫˣ˸ˣҲǵסǵģ
ţ
ſ޹ߺȵķԸȥ
ſҲ̴ӿ뿪ˡ
㣬㾿ʲôϷ㣬㶼ӦԸЩˣôֻ
޹˵
ѵ֮Ľײô
˵
ʲôףҿûйκνˣ
޹ҡͷ
㿴һգǿȥˣҺ޹֮ĽױȽ˽ܣ뱻ǿ
տһޣߵͷҲǴ뿪ˡ
޹ȵ㾿˵ʲô
Ҳ˵ʲôҪʲô
޸˵⻰ǸоβһֻϮֵǱֻΣ΢һ¡
ȵӦҪԸ㣬ȴǷӰߵԶֻ˫ֱϷʣԻǲסдӣıǿߣȫңҪʵҪۿĻβ׸ңҲǿԵģ
㣬ɫߣгһգҪɱ㣡
޹ԭĶš

õס
ʱ䡣
ڳԶ˵㣬ȥأԷô
ھʱҿɴδԶͺһʳ˼̻𣡡
Ц
㣬ʵҿó磬һԵģ
˵
ôĳ
ڷпǡ
ȫˣ
һ죬ΪŮ֮±ˣҪ֪ĵһΣ˼ء
㲻غߣ;µŮŮ֮鰮ҿǱ㶮ĸأ
˵ҶǱȵģҴδϹһˣ
㲻ѹѾˣѾҪǰЩʹˣ
˵
ţ㣬ҲģǣҪԶĻŮ˴ϵļǱرٵأ
ϵļ
ĸˣҲǺʵ
Ȼ㣬һǳξµģⴲϵļɿǽĺأ
ԶԼ
Ҳ˵ôأ
ţǲǾ¶Ů˾ӦñһҪѹ£
ѵô

¶ȻҪŮź氡ɵϣ
ҲǸߵвԶ˵ĶԻҲǾĪϲС


1671 
㲢ûм͵ˡܻԣȻϲϲһ㣬ھ֪´ڴϻúƣ̫Ȥζ˵㣿
뿪õ꣬ڻ˹䣬ʶҲǱ鲼⣬˾ȻѾ˱ˣҪȥȱˣԳ֣Ͳܼˣ
ͷ˵ֻʱƬҾʱᣬһص֮ŵУ
統УʱƬֻҪҿӿʱҪֵģ
Ѿоսʿȫ˳˻ǣֻ˼ԭء
ˣҿ
ڴ˿̣ΧǱߣҲ߳һ
һЩŸֿʿųìĿŵǾ޴ޱȵս󣬿䲻
Ϊ׵һȻòжӣȻ˫ȴ񣬷·еı仯Ķ֮У£һͷɫʨӣʨӴſҪһ
˾ô˵Ϊ˰޹Ը˵أ
ǹΪɵķҪ֪ñµľսʿǰսʤսʿŷɥ
ҲǴ͵ӵأ췴Ȼ޹飬ֽԼǿ˯Ⱦˣ
˵ҲҪѵˣ棬ȻҲܹ޹ĸ飡

սʿУ㻹ܿһ֮ϾȻǱץսʿ
Ȼѹ˻ʱˣԭĹһСıˣ
ͣ
ȵ
սʨ񺿣оսʿ˲վס˭ûж벽
ȻͷɻȣսʿִӺá
ݣ
һӰ˸
㿴ſķɻţգ޹ȻС
ݵʧԶӭˡ
ſ֡
պ޹Ҫ٣ǳЦЦ
ţĴæȴû뵽յǾӭѾñοˣޣЩʱûмأ
ڡ
ôҿУŲˣѵǣ
ţŻʮﴦдսʿڻ֪ΣԲŴǰ߸˭ϺԶľѾɾޱӰҲǷԸȥӿнٶȣŴһս²սʿˣ
˵ԭɻЩɾôܴӻߣڿգ˲٣еѪɱ鸱鳤ǳΪŮ˵ıڣҲǱδϣ
㣬ſ񣬿óеǳս㶨ȻҲºͣңն˵жһӵУ˵ɣҪʲôͣ
۾УһɱбųֱֻۿԴģҪ֣֣
˶仰ס
ſǱŵõϥأˣ֪ԭ£
Ҫ㣬˵Ҫ֣֣
ȵ
һսʿ󱳣һѽɫ󿳵ҫޱȣ˵վſߣŵ˵ˣҪҵֱۣûֱۣ£մˣǰ鰡
ȴ޶á
˵ĻǾֻһ͸ɣ
֡
֣
ǣ
ɫ󿳵Ȼ¡
һֻ첲ڵأѪӿֻ첲ƺԭض
ſʹľҪ˹ȥ¸Ͻˡ

ſֱۣǴžսʿһнûʲôøŵģǻصõꡣ
ҹĻ䵱еĵƹͨõ꿪䷿һһ䣬Ȼֱȥķ䡣
ľ֮׽ڤ׶ε䣬֪Ѿˡ
ֱĴϣ۾֪Ҳǽڤ׶Ρ
֪ȥ˶ãоģʲôû۾ʶ̽Ҳſϡ
֮ǿֻǺС̸һʱܻȴǵСӰеڶŮһ㣬ֱӾͰǿ·ںߵϣһ˵ΪҲ֪װ˯أġֵܡ㣡
ܵȴ̼˫˫ۻıֱȥ˳ԣһΣû˿ߵı飬ͷĻСһ㣺Ҳ֪ǲǻϲ
ɵϣҶϲȻ㣬Ҹϲ
͵˵⻵

Ƹ꣬һƺй˼£ޱǿǣоһ˿ƣ䣬˯ȥʼնףΪʲô˵ֻţɣûиأȻ仰á
峿һӴҲȻߣҲǸã֪ôһֻ̣ܿ⣬ܿ㣡
̰ģֻһôҪ⣿
Ц¡
ֻҪߣҾͺҸˣ
˵
飡
˵磬һֱ۵㣬˵кܽ飬˵ǹ˵ģ
˵ģ
ͷţ
ʲôأҪ֪ҿ֪ɾڳдƻһ㽫Ǵܵģ
ţڴڱɵ飡
ûзϡ
㻹ȥ˾õˣ
ţ
˵ֱ꣬§䣬˵ɫǣȻûţϻ
Ȼ

ſõеľϣɫȥЩ԰ףڳбնֱۣȻ˺С
Ѿ˴ʱˣ㻹ûг֣Ȼϣȴûһ˿Թԡ
ԭдϵĿԴҲǱԵȻ٣һֱֻۣĸһЩ
ҲǿſһֱȴҲǰ춼ôⶼѾˣأ

˵
磡
һ
㿴ǹﻹ֪С椶ȻڷʲôҲ飬ſȥ㻹ңһ첲ȷ˲٣
Ҳڣ
ԹûôſˣҿɲǷʲô
Ц
Ҫң֮䣬ұ֣ҲǾȡ˭ϲ޹󳼶飬޹ϵˣ
ûΪɱң㲻ˣ
ſߺޡ
Ҳ˵ˣֻϵ˰ˣĻܹ׷ңǹ޸Ѱˮ
˵о仰˵úãû˲˵ǽǣؼ᲻Ӵͷ


1672 ǽ
ǽǣ
ſ۾һ𣺡ˣݵɵļһǽǣҿֻʣһֱֻˣ
ڿ˵ǽǣ֮ǰ飬ʲôˮҵȥˣ㻹˵ǽǣˣģ
һĪģ
ðɣ˵öԣôݣλʵҸûᰡ㿴³
ſҡͷɥҲ飬ǽǺ˸Ӵű߰ҽ㣬ɲΪԼģ޹ģ
ˣ
ޣ
˼䣬ſҲʵˣкܴԼҪѧϰ߹£ҪӿЩһͻ壬̸ͣУ
ͣ
ţ˼ԣҲ㣬
ҵôﲻ˵ô

ô죬㵱ʱǷ´󻰣ǿ߶ô¡
һǲͻȥģ
˵ʵڲУͰһٰɣ
ſ۾漴ȴҡͷһͨ죬ɻҲ߽ޣɲһأ
úһûļ뿪ˡ
ʱҲ˹ɫԲ٣ҲǰࣺǼһʲôأɲǺˣ
ſȻʶϾɭ֣ſɻҪ
۱ϣҲǱӦɣ
˵Ҳû˵ſʲô飬Ͼ¶Ҳ˵̫ס

סԭſĵϡ
˾ȻԼķ䣿ΪʲôѺΣҪ֪е̸г룬ǽѣǸΣ
ȵˣһΣ
ӿڵϣģ嶼ӽˡ
µ
޹Ҳǿڡ
ޣǺ⣿ѵҪֱɵˣһԴôҪ֪ǿǷ²²Ӧз²Ĵ
ȵ
Ҳ֪ηҪ֪Ŵ²Ȼܹġ
޲˵Ҳ˵ǻ˱ɾޣʵ벻ò˵ôҪ̸г룬Ǵһ
׼ô죿
޹ʵ
Ǿôȫ̸ϣǵӵڣܹòٳ룡
ţҷųǿǣܾߣǱ£
˵
뷨
Щޣƣǿڶ࣬汻Ǿߣǿǵòôʱ򣬻˴ŭսĿԱ
ûĻ˱ô
޵Ц֮£ȴĺܣ޾ЩɣðѿųΣ
ûĻ˱ɻսʿ֧Ԯôңޣδķ˵ô
δû˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô
ԡ
ߣ̸гɹ֮󣬱ȥҹǵĻǰ
ѵ̸еĿģ
ȻǣҪأԼǩһϵжԼ
ҿ˼ô޹̸ֻеУ˳ἰ飬ںë
Ц
ޣԸĻھͿȥ㸸̸ţݣ᲻Ӧҵģ
£ˣǽҪδñӿأλĻ£Ժ飡
մ˸Բ
ţմ˵ĲǱ˽۵ص㣬ӵѾҪ̸ˣ죬
˵
ûк۵˼գߣ
޹ߵ
࣬ȫǳļһ˵ˣҽΣҪҰȥʲô˼
ӿȵ
ҪļսʿҲǶʱͣסǻǼ
Ҳͣ£漴Ǵţһ̣һӰȴǵǰɫȣ㣿
㣡
ſҲǸ˵£Ҷˣ
˭
˵
޸Ǵ˺α֪СصĿģ
㲻޸ոѾ˵֣㣡
˵ðɣĿĵʲô
Ӳܷţ
˵
ͱ۾ޣĸӪе֪ʿݣѵҪСüִô
תȥ˫ֱȥ޾İȻΪ顣
ɲν֪ʿûĻľսʿһսʿԷ²
޹˵
ɻ󣬻ͷڵȴԽЩˣʼһ˿аЦļһѵʲô²ɣ
ޣոǻʲô˼ûľսʿ
ʮɣȫǱһ˻ˣڵĻͱЩɾ޻ٵˣ
ʲôһ˻˵ģ
𾪡
Ŀ⼯ϣ߲ˣ֪Ƿʸͻӵ飡
ƾһ֮ʮɣΪȷʸͱ̸ۣӵ飬Ѿ
ıģ
ŵ
µľսʿÿһ޿ɺмˣһ֮ȫǴӦǽǿްˣˣЩľսʿǱɱˣ
ƴʢǿߣǣҲϣЩǿأĻӲĳʣ
в
в
ſ񣬿ŵù˵ϣʹ޹˵ⷬͬʱҲŵɫһ䣬һ㣬ȴǾȵķ֣ɫȻȻȻȥûне˼
䳤Ǻ죿
Ǳѩɽϣ࣬նɱǿߣ
˵ô㣬ķ
Ҳǽһ˳ǹ˳տĹâڣǹҲ˵Сӣǰǹ
ȴǻ֣±졣
Ǻǹǹ֮κκԵǰ޷Ź⻪ҾǺķҲںǹǰ
㵭˵
ڱǰ˵ôһģǵһ֣治Ӧý㣬Ӧý񣬴֪ڱǰʲô³
ɱ˵


1673 ʨӵͷ
мžȻɢǹɱĲҳſҡͷ㰡㣬һȻ覴ñر֮ˣǰ󻹲ǻ䵽³
Ƭ̣ſȴע⵽ɫͻȻӲסˣҪ֪Żǰģ飬Ȼͻ״֡
޺ҲǾԾĵطĪ˵㻹լʺ񣬲ԸС˽ƽϰ
ǹ
ѹĵķŭҪ֪Ųʲôͻ״ĺ޷ʣһеʼٸ߾㣬Ȼܲܵ˵棬˵СҲǴøһ̨¡
Ϊðɣڱӵ飬кμ⣬ϣܹ˵ң
˵
߰ʨӶͷˣ㵽ʲô취
޹а
ñӺЩսʿֵٳ룿
ǳأ
˵
ǳأãս˵ıɾҪޱϤĳǳأҪã
ʵ
Ȼ⣬µľսʿǵóѵģ
֪ĵطĴǱߵ壬ѾͷˣٷֳԸˣʱľսʿŰȣ¶ܵİɣο壬Ϊǩ˸óǳصԼǾͲΥô
˵㣬ֻҪЩ²ȫ黹壬ôʱ䣬˴ѹʱΣӣ
ӦΣ
Ҫˣֻǿ
˵
㲻ñžսʿ嵽ϳȥɣ
ǲӵģһ뾡취ǿӪȱӣֻҪǵǿһĻܣû취ˣ
Ҳ˵ܻܲǵǿߣܵĻǹǽǷսǹڵϰտɲǵ˴ù
ҡͷ
Ԫ˧Լߵǿһıܣ࿪սôǽɲģ
˵
һޣޣЩǲǿǰӪȱӣˣ
ţѺӣҲ⣡
޵ͷ
˼ȷ˼㣬ôаտԵЩ˵ǿôҪ֪ɵУǿߣϴǵĲǾţһëˣ
Ӧˣĺܻǣô
Ц
ĵһ㣬ñ⺮ҳʣھȻ˵㻰ǲ
ãֻҪЩǿһĻˣȵǷŵӵʱֵõĳ룬»ᷭʮʱη廹пǸ׳Ƴ
˵
ȥǵ޹С

㣬ſյһȥſ˵ұΪᱻ벻Ȼı⣬֪Ҫ飬޷ı䣬νĽ⣬ܣ
Ҳ˵ոҪεһ˲便ʲô㣬ʩɣ
ҵǲᣬҾһ޷εĻ϶ѹģ
պſԶȥӰҲǴľովȻ޷ε⣬ôܣ

ӵС
˵ֻ˭ȿ˭˵Ϸɣ
ޣôûѵûʲôҪͱ˵˵ô
˵
˵ĲǶ˵ôӦûʲôҪ˵أ֪ɲһϲ÷£ǰµأ
ǰֻΪһ˵ĻԸⳢԣ
˰ɣ֪˵Ļ»ģ
ޣû뵽ںͱ⣬ѵʱգȻԱûаоô
̾
޶Į޻Ҫ¼޸㣬ⲻ޷ıʵô
ֹҪõˣҪõģ
Ҫõ޵ģǾͽŻȡˣ޵ֻҰϵǸӢۣ
Ҳ֪Ż㸸ҵģҵȡˣ֪ô룬ңȢ㣡
Զò޵ģ
޹ҡͷҲֱӳš

֮󣬻Ͽܲ򣬳еİյҲû̫Ϯ
Ȼ벻ǣܹ黹ˡ
һֻֻǿıսʿӳ˽ЩȫǻؿڣһغЩսʿ󣬻һֻֻµˣһ㣬ЩսʿǼӳǿ󹥻һ㣬ֱǰ
ǱеİʦӵǿЩսʿϣ޷죬ɱ飡
ߣ㱨ЩɲЩɵĶ֣

ˣδȻҪһģ£Ǵʮˣ
ʦأ
һ
ʦǵƣһʦսʿսǻʹЩɾ޵ǿΪһ壡
ʦҪԸģ
ſķȥӭս

ˣ¶Ǿķɻɲνķ飡
УϻǿĴڣһЩ鶼Ը˵С񣡡
ߣ
ſһֳ˳ȥ
аСӣǱδޣ㾹ȻҪȾָϴֻǿһ첲㵱ڻң㻹ο
޹˵ſķɻŶԸɣѰ·ľսʿΪβȥæ
ſΪ˰ִ֪磬ʵսεһϸ쵼ߣպɹøмԻױģ
ҲҪڱвУ
޺ȵ
ﲻڹ˽ҪſڻңͶûκκøеΪ¶СǼȻŵ̹̹
ȻҲϲſ񣬵˵ףķɻڹڻСʵǾڻȫˣǹҵʧ
ˣޣ㲻ҪɱָˣҪ֪Ǳľսʿ޵ͱЩԸˣнףԣűһûǴʧ
һţƺʲôüͷһ壺ǰڸ٩٩̸㣬Ϊûг֣ѵǼֻʦùô
޺Ҳ֪λشȻҲûп㡣
Ȼ˿̣һӰȴǴԶˣ벻żѣ˼Сô


1674 
Զ߻վǱһӿޱȷɧĲһһﻹ͸Ҳޣôһ
㽫ʲôⲻǰĿ궼¶ô
˵
ЩѵܴнӴ߲ɣˣӱһᱻԷʦҵģ
˵
㣡
ȵ㣬˿ԶҪԼݣƢɲһֱôõģ
Ϊһ㶯ǹģҲὫǰ㾮
۾ҲǸֱˡ
һҲû˵ʲô
Ǽ˽ĿͶڿУɻŸ͵ֵסսʿϮۿѾ˴ˣſҲǵڿ֧š
ߣսʿûбľžѾֵסˣǶۣ
ӿ˵
ſ촵ɻԭҲ㲻һսʿɣ
ȵ
һսʿž󶼱ϮȥЩսܹڿеĿֲޣɫڻǿ˲ֹһȼ
սʿԮſҲǺȵϣǻȥ
ſصϵƬ̣һ˹ȥˮƽ㻹ǽɢŰɣǶ棡
ſһȴǵϥأˡ
㽫ſķɻЩɵĶ֣ľսʿҲ޼᲻ݣ
ߣ㣬ǲҪգۣúÿսʿôԷıɾŵİɣ
˵
ûĿ⿴С
սʿͶԷıɳƽ
ЩɶûбΪޣȾҪС˲٣ȻЩʦӳ£ǿȴ޵оһ㣬ȥ˿ûηǿ׳ľսʿ
壬Щɱ
һʦָӵ
Щսʿȫ˳ȥ·Щսʿ˿̱ǵһ㡣
һʱ֮䣬֮ը죬ͱɲһ顣
൱ȻȴǱ˸ΪǿʵǱӳ֣·𶼱һ飬Щսʿǣ
䣡
յУսʿȻһܣ
һŭ
޹˵ǿľսʿҿǵĶǻ˼㣬ǱɵĶ֣
ſƺҲһȻݵλĲȴֻг
ߣ
һɳ죬кȵʨ
һֻʨӴԶɳֱϣĺ˳£һħ֮УЩսʿǶŵ
ǽ鷳ˣ
һʦ˵
ǣЩսʿһϣͬľսʿͲǣ
ȵ
㲻ɵһ㵹ǿ͸
㵭Ц
㣬ո˵ĵʲô˼
ʵ
պſҲǿ㣬ߵͷǵĺİɣսʿδʵʵӦھսʿģȻǱ֮Ǿͺ˵ˣ
űɺ;֮ǳսȻûκһ˱ȻǱǱ˸ΪǿʵܾսʿҲŭԳսˣ
壿ðɣ㣬㻹Ǹ˵ģ
޹˵
𰸾ڰʦЩʦܹһЩǿЩǿսʿĻսȻ⻹ǸӲþսʿо鷳޽ǣЩֵߣ
Щϵĺɫ
ţôֻ϶һɫ˵ǵһˣ
˵ô
˵㣬˼ǣǼֻߵıɣֻҪһֻܵ˺Ǽֻɾͻһе˺
ͷ
ѹǿ޼᲻ݣֻɳеһֻɵ˺Ȼɺܶ࣬սʿҲǲԩģ
޹ʵôһֻսʿ˲ɱˣɻΣ
һԵıӿǲмҪǵܹ˲ɱɣ֪࣡
ʧˣȷŻɵ
˵
䣡
еľ죬ʹ˵ĿҲٴμ
һֱնɱֻսʿ
ֻսʿһߵıҲشˣϵĺɫߣҲʧˡ
ȻֻҪߵıһֻնɱбϵ߶ʧǻܵش
ɥʧش
⣬Ϊ͸Ǳɾޣ޷նɱ
ʦ˵
ӵ¾ǰһҪնɱ

ʮֻ˻һηұ仯ת˲֮䣬ɿֲıɾޣ
޴̤ϵķݱǱǲȱ
еİĴأͲ¶Ŀ
ɾΣҪǱҪ
պɻҲֱӳ嵽Щɾǰ䣬ĵ䣬Щɾ޶ֵסİԵ
ɱ
ɱתۼնɱֻɾޡ
ӣǲ֣
ʦ
ӣˣ
ûзŹǵ˼

һսսȻʤ
սʿ˲أֻ˼ֻʦЩսʿȫնɱ
ѪǳţܣЩն꣬꣡
ӿȻҡͷǱһ廹ǲΪǿսʿһΣǲô׶Ըˣ
ӣԴ²ɲǰбҪַʽҲܹȫģ
ĮǱӿ־Ҳ˵ȥ㣬㽫ҲãĿԼıսʿôɱģ˺֮Ĳ࣡
ӱսʿߣ޹Ҳ˵ԭľսʿҪԼĴ£ʤûĲ룬ǲһ
ޣʤȻûаֹϲڿ౾ǽʧأ
ѵû޶֮ôܲС֮ĶȾ֮
ðɣޣƽϣһսʤˣ㣬öԷİʦΣ
㡣
ҡͷСֻ£Щʦһ´ϮҲ뿪ǵģ
㶼㱰ϥοȷһ˵ƲӣʦǱһĺܹսʿǱǿʵǻܾսʿҲΪˣ
˵ȻõϿɣĵõ˼㣡


1675 
ûԽе˼˸ɶߡ
޹׷ĽŲΪͦйģû뵽ȴ֮ˣǰֱ壬ǰȴǰķУǿأ
֮ǰǶܴ󣿡
˵Ҫ֪οǱأ
㣡㣬֪֪ҽԴ
ĺǰζβֱô
˵
ô˵㲢ǶķУ
ɻ
һ̰ͼǿʵϲýǮǶȨû˿ȤδЩȤȻǾΪδ޶İͽĻҲ޻˵
ߣһֽ飬ܰһˣ
޲м
ʲô˼Ҫҳ嵽УǻҳȻֱ˺ˣ
Ц
㲻˵ҸȤôһֽ鶼˺ٵĻʵԼĿģ
ʹ£۾֮ôģ
ʲôôģ۾壡
ǺãҷΣȥ˺ٻԼûʲôСˣȥϵɽ»Ҳûʲôͼʲôֲң㰮ҵĻ۾ģҲһ飡
ҡҡͷ
ģ
˵㽫ǻԼˣûأң㽫ɱĻ϶а취ҵǵģ
룬˵ˣǻԼҸס䲼ģ˺Σٰܹ䲼һ
ҿӣҲǺܺ㸸
ҵȻ֪ĿԣΪ飬ֻҪҪɵ飬ûвӦģ;ǩĺƽЭ飬۾ûգһ£
˵Һ޵ӵأͲҸԽԽ󣬹߸Ҹܽ
ϧҲĻٵǻԼҲ̫飡
˵
Ҫȥ֮࣬£Īܲȥ壬ɣ
˵Ҳκһ䣬ô
˰ɣˣһǹأ
޹ҡͷڱӵ飬֮ǿߣа취Ըô
֪ô
˵˸ƣ޹˹ûκĻǸоһֻƺ޷ܵĴֱβһѣŭҪѵʱȴǸͲ֪ȥδ


׼ȷ˵˲䡣
嵱УһСͲ齨ɡ
ҲʶǰǳȻûкƯδȻƤƵƤףȴǱƯ·֪Ӳٱ
˺սÿһ˶ӵһʱ師ˣ
һǿս壬Ȼǲκһģս
ּܳСģޣĸּ״УĻƤ׶ǣ
һֻɴСĺʹ˹Ѻ٣ɫɢâƺҪҧˣ
ڲ䵱кֱײײһ꣬Ŀ棬Ҳϵİ師Ŀּܡ
СӣܣּܿɲܹӦģ
ҿɲܣǱսʿܹΪɾ޵ǿߣҸΰˣҲܸ
СһƤףս師ȴû˿ĽţͽȻԾոǸּ˹ȥƽʱһȻ졣
СӷôǸּܿɲǲҪǱǸּ״УҪڴϼµģ
˻ǲˣӱץߣʣСȴǳţ
ҲһЩ嵱еϸˣսͣһܹ࣬ȥּܣǳȥҲѰ·
飡
Сӵİ師иּܣǺȴǱǿ׵ƺûбһ˺
ҪǸ״һĻһˣ
һͷûиּ˺СȴҲûмٽǺɷ״̬
ȥڡת
𣡡
ּϵĸּ׶ɫâȻҪԷȻǱ߳ȥСӽ師ǰкȵ˲ҵģ
䣡
ּܷһȴСӵǰˤȥּ״ڵϣ˸ͨ͸
С۾ЩãȻ
ˣ
ţûΪǸּܶܵŰɣ
ûУûУȻвǸּܣܵı»ǲССӵ¸ң̫ųˣ

ף
ţֵĲұһӣոһӭŸֱּ̫ܵǿߵĻµµľˣ
˵
˵ǿߣʵףӪȵôˣôûл
ЩϸҲǽԣˣӵ䣬ôûأ
ѾɳоǰȥȿһаʦֻҪ⣬һܹеģֻʱ䳤̵⣡
˵
ֻ˵⻰ʱȴǵ˲٣Ҳûֵİգֻǰֳκεûе
˽ӣΪ͡ȻҪսʱܸĸս޲ʤ飬ӣһģ
ϸǶ˵
ţһģҪҿսأ
Ҳǵͷ
գ
ŲҡͷôŻôˣ˺ۣѵӪжʧˣ
Ӱǰͣ£뻢ǵİʦ
ʦϾزһƣǹǰ
ɳбɾԼʦǰȥӪȸ磬ΪʲôŻʦ
Щ̫ףֻа룬ûн뷨˵
أ
Ƭ̣ڡ
ˣ
ˣʮսʿʮɾޣʦȫˣ
𾪡
ЩϸҲŵôԭء
ʦͬʱͷ
Ҹأ
Щ
ӰȻ
˿
ʲôɱģܹôǿһɱ˲򵥣

ʦлƺڻеɱ¾ȻصԺС
شѹЩ壬¹ѫܵаսʿˣھȻɱмʮɣ浱ҡǺǵô
ԭС𡯡
ˣһ࣬Ǳɾޣһնɱǰʦûκ֮أ
һұشİʦԵ


1676 ս
ţеĺȷޱȣðɣ̫Ȼȥһٿдᣡ
˵
ʦ£һ˫ڴСӣҲѾ˿ԲμдʱˣҪҵ֪ô
ţףҲʧģ
ϲ
дܿڲ䵱ٿ
ȻٿĴᲢһϲҵпչǿտԭҰС
ҹʢ¹ڱ̲ݵϣʱ̣
Ѿٿˣ벻Ϊӵٿᣡ
ӵαץȥǣЩ࣬Ȼþһа취ĥȡĻܣ
ˣҲҪǾۼһ취ȳӵ£
˵֮ǰɳļʮսʿֻʦǿߣҲǲٰ

ҲǴԶ˹С΢Щţǵһβμдᡣ
꣡
˶ͬ
ͷѾкܳһʱ䣬ûٿдˣʵ֮ǰҲûпдıҪϾչһֱ˳˳ֱǰЩӣһֱǾˮˮȴǰͲסˣ͵ϮҵĶӣҽɳıɱĸɾˣҲò㣡
㣬㣬ˣӿУڱ˵Ϊǲ֪ǳҪȳӿҲѶȰ
һ˵
ĿҲǵõ˲˵ͬϾܹʮȫɱʵڱУǶˡ
Ȼ˵УŻƽɵĴڣǲǱɵеļ⵶ǰȥӪȣȻܹȳӿ
ƽɣ
Ǳɵеǿߣ˵ɾޱ֮ʱǻƽ𣬶ʵ
˵УܹƵϻƽɵָʮûС
ƽɿ˵еĺʧһĻӰ첻룡
ѵҶҪô
ȵ
ӿȻǸҪˣǶ֧ɳƽǰȥǣ
ףڿʲô
ƽĵƣȻ֪ƽɵĴڣȴǸǻԵʵνƽɵʵ¶ˣ´κ౬սĻ岻
ܾᡣ
Ȼ˴ĵջҪһսģǵĵƱǻƽսʿνǱ¶ȥȻһνʱ
һй¶Ͳ֮ܳΪˡ
ǣ״ˣǻƽսʿĻͻزˣ
˵
ˣβһξʹ£ԻͻƵ㣬ֱӽ඼Ĩɱʼ˵ΰ
ƣھͺ౬սôҪ֪Щŵٶʵ̫죬ȶⳡ־սǲռƣ
ڣѵսʱڣ
˵
ˣƽսʿǱ¶ȥҲûʲôϵЩ֪Ժսʿ飬ǾͲˣңҲǾǱ¶˵ƣԺûµĵƣҪ֪ǵʦ䣬Ҳĵƣ
ţ徭ôķܣţҲʱЩ֪ǵˣ
˵ðɣұǲƽսʿǣ

صõʱڽСͱ°ߣûκ̯λı˽ǹЩȻҲǲ꣬ܿ죬ǿ˹ңһ˳ȥ
ɺϵǣǹȻƫķ
磡
һΪԼȥĹܸ˺ȴǵȻһЦǹȻǰкһĵȥ
û¹أ
˵
ܳ¹ʲŹ֣ʵɣ
Ц
Ҳ˼ҡҡͷ磬ŰɣȻȥˣ
˵ֳǾ޴ıɹޣյУȴһǿߣȫɱˣģ
ţնɱ˼ʮսʿһ־õĽսǻ᲻ϵɳǿǣĿľǾ±ӣ
㽫䡣
Ҳǵͷô飬ҲǲУ
û䣬Ҳǵͷ
ǿĺܣЩɾޣǿģ
֪
ȻǾǺĲԶ嵱ȻǱһ壬ǱɵУиĴڣ
˵糤˵еĻƽսʿӵгʵǳĻеĽͱˣ
񲢲ҪԸǾ壬ǲһֱȻ
ƽսʿԸǲʧ
ͷ
俴㻹ɣҲǾȣû˵ĻأЩƽսʿ쳣ǿģʱɲҪȥԸأ
İɣҲµģ
ŵ

ϴαɾϮǵ¼Ϊ˰ȫڵڶţһЩڳŲԶľ׷׶˴󷽣Ȼյնɱɾ޵Ӣˣȴǵõ˳̡
һ죬Ҳٴν뵽һۣҲõϿɣʹĺøм˲١
ſգ޹У޹ģһԵյʵ£ѵŭ
ߣ綼Ҫÿ
޹˵
㣬ӿǴĺܣôˣ͵һˣ
˵ǿߣǿݵĺܣһҲ޷޷
ǱӰ
ᰮɣ

һЩҲⴧ⡣
˵֪ٻСν£Ҫ֪˴ǻûеִﻢأ
˻ǲôҲûǸӣȴ֪ɵпŻƽսʿĴڣ֪ǻ᲻ǲƽսʿǣ
˵
ƽսʿôû˵
޹˵
ޣԼªţפڴҲжŻƽսʿʵǿ󣬷ĻΪܹѸô
˵ǲƽսʿüǵʵǷʵ
˵ĻüǵʵĻǷսҪǵܲ壡
޹˵
ԼĵƣѵûôҲɱǿŲõĽͻнģңҲδηԷĻƽսʿΰټҪǻƽսʿڵ飬һҪ
ĿϣؿǣѾֱΪսӵУֻڱһˣ


1677 

û뵽նɱɾ֮΢¶ԷƨʹöԷ˿ȻҪֱΪսҪ֪֮ǰɲеκһʿҲ˵Ҫһһ֮£֮ϵݣ
ףܳĸܡ
㣬ǷǾȱľ⣿ʵӹɣܹʤΣȵԺ޽֮ľӶˣ
ˡ
޹Ҳû뵽ȻģĵҪľȫȴţý빬͢У͸ڶϾڴֻһ̵Ľֻн⵹ܹͳ
սôҪҿǿǣ
˵
ҪǣСӣǲԴˤˣ
һﲻװưɣս⵱ˣ

ǣ
ɫҲȻһ䡣
ᣬֻڿǲǸѡճأ
˵
Ц˵սûԸ⵱أԭֻҪҸΰˣûϵһУ㵽ʱֻҪôľӾУ
Ը
ͷ
޹ӵĵһۣĪ޹ƺҵսأ
ɲҪ飬ǲκ˵ϽģȻҲЩ˵һףһ׵ļһǽͷݣһбӦģ
޹˵꣬ߵ뿪ӣòﶼû˵
Ҳ˵㣬㲻Ҫ⣬޸ոǷһģ˵ǽͷݣڳ˭ҲȲſų벻ǣ
ſֻܺԹͷ˵ǣ
ĵͷ
ã
ȴü
ӵе˶ԣ˿̣һǿȴⱬ
䣡
Ǳɣ
˵
汾ȥЩɾȻ֮죬û뵽
ȵ
ȫɳӣһֻֻ˱ڿУǸߴ䣬ǿ˹ҸΪҪ޹Уסˣ

һ˵
ȵǣӦ֪ץŮ˭ɣһëҪٹܵѣ
Ĺô
ߺߣץǱһӵ£ץǵĹһһĻټŮˣ
޹һսʿߡ
Ӧǵ޹жˣ»ᷢŭģ
Уӿ˵شս壬ǲ˺޵ģ
ȵ
ЩִԲ򣡡
ɶǻΪ޳ҲǰγӭС
ۿдսЩɵУȷΪĴڣУȴֵһᡣ
ȥ֪²֣
ҡҡͷ
㣬޹ץˣֲӿô죬һҪ취Ⱦ޹
ſ˵
ǵĶ֣
㿴һգȻ˼ֻɾޣֻΪǿıɣȴЩ޲ߡ
ðɣģҲµģ
ȻΪʲôţſΪ档
ƽսʿǵʵôȻ紫ŵҪܱҲô׵ġ
ߣƥɣ
ֻƽսʿ
Ȼ˲ֻƽսʿȻúҲܹڲ֮ء
ֻƽսʿڿнһȵߣ
ǺǼֻ˵ıɾһ볯ųȥ
û׷ȥյĺܣЩûаѪԣˣΪжôأ벽һնˣ
ˣ޹Ǳǽˣ
ʲôУǾͲҶΣҪǽ̸У
˵
һӰϿУҲ˵㣬˱ǻƽսʿʵΣ
аɣ
㵭˵
У㣬˵սʤǵʵ
ƽսʿߣҪɱҲʱ⣬ѵô
ţ㣬˵ĲűûзӳȫʵǶԵУҪһ̸еģΣ
Ц
а㵹ͦʶȤģʱ򣬻ùȫӣսٺʲȵڳԸֻϺˣ
㣬ˣȥ嵱ʹߣǲҪ˺޹űӿǰȥ̸У
ţ
㵹ûоܾǰȥѰֻҪҵôʱƬ׵õˣ

޹ֱӴ˲䵱С
ЩȻֱɣʵ϶ȴǹ淶ĺܣûκһսʿòɵ޹ֶš
Ҳʹ޹Щ⣺岻ӦöǴֱɣôôоǱ໹ҪʿأҪǸ쵰ץסԼ˫ֿ϶Ҫأ
䵱У޹һһߵʣߵıɿҲǹˣȻûֱӽӵ´ǣҲĹҲץ˻
ŮôţȷƯӵ̸УҪˣ
˵
ˣʵʱץס๫ѾҪӵ£ȻȴȻһУûдӦǣ
ҪƽսʿʵǾʵΣ
ʵǿҲܹƽ֣пܣʵ
ô
ͷ׵ģ˵ĹδޣûбùڹǱ߲ýǵ鱨һҰĲСļһӲһֱפشҪĿλԣڴڼ䣬飡
벻Щ˶˶ҰģλȥӦøúþˣ
˵
Ĺɱˣڿ˲䣬ھûȥ֮Ӧøʲô᲻̫˵㣬²ӵ£նɱǿߣ浱Ǻ۸ô
һ޲Ҫ˵̫硣
ɱңûκκôҸΪҳʱͿ̿ɲҪ࣡
˵
ߣɱ㣬Ů˲ǺôҪ֪У˿ޱȱĴڣЩгªļһ㡭ٺ٣ĸоΣ
޻汻ŵɫ԰ף㣬ǣ
ǱɲҪ޹ʱһսʿȴǼҴҵˣ


1678 ˯
ࣿɣ
˵
һƥʨأһģЩ㣬ú˹ģ
սʿ
˹İɣ
޻Ȼﻹ֪˭˲ˣǰսʿ۾Щ⣬Ȼܽ㿴˹˹ĵģ
ʶ
ţҲĸ߹٣ոձս
޵ͷ
Ҳ˵ǺãѾɳ̸ˣǸĿʼ
սʿ֪ͨȥʱںС죬ȣСӲӦúѪô
ҲǸոշģ㻹Щ⣬ţȴǳ˼õһ
Ͼֻʮ꣬ŸոܹμдᣬСδؼ㳤ú׺ҸЩԸ಻һÿ˯εġ
磬ô˵Ҿͷˣ粢ûʲôأ
˵νأ
Ĺ㸸ץˣ㸸̸еģ
ץĹôһǸոմԻأɲ֪飡Ҹ˿ɺˣ˺๫ģ
ָеһֻҰ˵
ԭԵʱûɵģȴû뵽һôõϢҲȡ
ӵ£λȥ
ţ磬Ҹȥأ࣬ҽֻҰȥ
һȥ
ף
ǣ
ЩĪ
ҲһҲǶ˵˻˵˾ռˣûбֵ̫ԡ
㣬Ҹף֮㣬ʹߣң粢ûбĥҲûסΣܰȫ
˵
ƺϵ
ţܺ˵ģҶúܶණңǲֹģ˺࣬ҲܹΪѣ
˵
ͷ˵ȻܺΪѣǰǣҪѿŻҪ̸飬Ȼȥ
ǣף
ʹߴˣһܲСӵĺøУ
˵ҿɲôúŪģȻ̸УôӦ֪Ҫʲô
Ķӣ
ҶӣĹҲȥ
ֻ㣬Ҫ˺µģ̸УĶģ
ã˵Դûס
ʵͷҲ˵ôҲǹס˲õķݵУ
ţΪȷȫұҪ͹סһ𣡡
һ˵
ʲôŲҪסһ𣡡
㣬ɲҲסһ𣬶ǵĹ²ƷУ
ԵƬ̣Һ͹ЩҪ˵
ͷż뿪ˡ
㣬ʲô˵ˣǲģ㣬ֻСӻһףҿǳŮˣҲĹƵģ
ô޹Ƿ֪˵һЩ񱣿
񱣿Ǳ˹ĶˣôְܺأǺʿûһ£
޹֪ǵĹ񱣬һֻҹ񣡡
˵
к֤ݣ
޹Ƿ֪ΪԺɶɣ
֪
Ժɶɾǡ
ƾʱļ佫ʽ͵ġǺ֪Լļжˡ
ΪϢ̫޹
ˣ
޹ҡͷ
ֽһ飺ˣ
ˣ
˵ԺɶɺҹǵԺɶɻڡҲΪʲôǻϷԭˣ
ô£ѵ˶ǰʿ޵ô
Ȼ˹İ࣬ʵϾǵģ
ͷˣ£ûע⵽ķݼªԶûǰ㸻ûʣªķݵУСǿǾԵģ
Сǿ
룬ߵ뻹ǱģֻҰô
ָָԶڱQҰã޵ͷ˵ֻҰòС
ŵöͷˮĵϻᷢҷݼªо룬Ů˶µĶĶУȻǸɫߣҺôҲǹĻұø
ǹ»ҪסĻҲûʲô˵ģһ湫ºúģ
˵
ʱҲ๫Ѿ˸㲼ú˷ݣ㵽ҪҪһס
ȿȣݹ󣿡
סʮû⣡
ǾűɣҸѵŮͬסôңҪЩԺɶɡ
û˵꣬Ǳϣ߸ʹ˸ɫ˼Զ˵ĵ̣ǻǣ˵Ҫע㡣
ЩĪǽ޹סĵطߵʱ˵㣬ף͹һҹ

ӵͦģȴཨĽʦ˫ģ
˵
ţؼȻܹ˯ʮˣֻһľǷգ
ҡҡͷ
ֻһľô˯
˵
в˯ľ֢ޣ㲻ľİɣ
˵꣬ޱľ棺˭ôŹֵ֢״أ浱Сô
ѵô
ĵѾͷ˶֪
ι㣬Ҫ治˯ϣ͸ҳȥѷɣ㲻˵Щ϶ᷢôеҪǿ룬͸Ҵǣţһȥһø㣡
˵
۾ľϣȴϣЩƤɰģŵһƤޣ޾ķ绪ñǺ˿˯ŵģһ޷޵Լںδ
ҲˣȻҲǱջˣû뵽˯ģƯ
ȻϲŮҪ˿ϴȥҲǶȻµߵģڵջʵ̫ĵ֪ʹֽˣһѣ
۾ȥıӰҲǰɫһֱڣ˯ȥ
һ̣۾ܿ˯ȥˡ
ţ̧ͷһǹ⣬ҲǾȻȤȻ˿̾ǰһȲڵֻ˯ˣֻϧԼ椶
뵽һǰԺڣ֪֮ǰǼӴѾС椸ݵĻԼôܻŰ϶˰
Ȼûʲô˼ϵµģҲûа취Ǿϥ׼
ʲô
һдӵд۾Ҳ˲еʧԭء


1679 
ŵɫ԰ףȻӲСǴСǺһЩޱȶĵĳࡣ
ǰֻһ˲֪ٱŵƤ޶ҳˡ
ͣ
Ǵ³ͷɫҺҪǰ߰γƤޣȻһ˦˹ȥžһʹǰ
ô
۾ֻĵʧȡ֮Լǰֱ۱ԼݺƤ˦һ¡
űסȻʹҲǲ֪Ȼ͸ϵôɣֱӵԼǰĵһȥһʹҲǰ׳գȻ͵Լǰһ
Ȼ룬޻ǾúΣ֪Ӧôͣ˿ȴתֻѾӵˣû˰ɣ
ǳô
ţ˵ģ嵱кܶ涼죬һĴܶ࣬һǳ֣
˵
Ϊ˵ôҳأ벻Ȼģ
˵
ôƭأʵ̫ˣȻˣΪҪߣ
ҡҡͷ
ʵϣȷСģʱҲû⣬û뵽Ƥ޵ŮȻһŮһ³ӣоȤȻʲôԺɶ࣬˵Ū޵ġ
˵֮Ĳޣô֮ǰ飿
ֻƨɣͲһһȻӣε鶼һ
˵β
˵ŶˣǼ磬ǿһֺòʽ
ǻòбҡ
ʲôһ£԰
һЦ
˭ҪƨɣռұˣҪǿոջйһ޹ȥˣ
ˣʼնң첲ǰװһӣ
ҡҡͷ
޿ʧģҲ˵ˣո˵Ǽ磬ﰡ
Ů˶кĵģƤ޵ŮҲһ
ңԶ
ѵҪܾõĴܴﵽˣ
ˣ
ɴͳˣôˣ
Һܳ˵ģ˵˶رǷ˺ܶĶϴиʹ˵˰µĴƯģһЩϡŹֵĶø޲ڣǳú㲻̫һ
ﲻͬ
ǶŰɫñӣƤڣǱ㣡
˵Ǹ˼Ҹĵһӵգ󳼽˵ϰף˾ҪҸɱͷˣ
˶Ǻܿŵģעڣӵ죬ѺõȻβҲһԣޣô
ȻûУ㻹û˵ΪʲôûдɫñӣƤΪʲôôã
е˶ɫñӵġ
ǲǻ˵еƤôڵģƭˣҵСô
ҡҡͷðɣȻ֪ĻôҾ͸ɣһֽɹ˪ĻƷַɹ˪ǱƤʪȡ
ֻ˰ʱ޽˷ɹ˪໤ƷֱȻԾ𣺡棬̫ˣԭŻƷ㣬صһҪҴܶܶĻƷ֪ģŮӶҲ⣡
ţ
ͷһ˵ô޹ΪİȫǷ˯£
Ȼԣ
޵ͷϴǸͥ˵ϲ˯ڵϣͬߣţҲ˯ڵϵĶ԰ɣţ˯ˣ
һΣĵˣ˯ܱ˯ã滹͵˯˵ˡ

޺ϾߣҪ˯̫ʱ䣬Ȼһ϶ڻָûа˯˼ƿţսʿǵǰ棬Ҳ˵ǲ˳ȥ
ˣ
һսʿ˵
Ǽսʿ˻֣㣬֪͹ϢĿɺã
ŮӵĻҹ˯溨һֻҰûҪϣ֪ܲ˯ã
˵
ô
ۿǼսʿǼȫŵö£ȫˣҲֻҪѣֻǷų˵ͼ֣ˡ
ƣཫҶץߣûؽԳϴˣû뵽๫ס˲õӣǼȴҪԳˣǶ˵棡
ȵԺҪٿǣĻ֪
ǼսʿŵøϽܵˡ
ţŽܹ˯Ⱥþˣ
˵
๫ܹڽϵĻұ˱뿪ȻǰҪҵĶӻվǰ
һģĶӣҲվǰģ
ԸˣȥͰɣ
˵
˴͵ĵطƹ統вĴڣܶ˶ͣԸ˲֮󣬱߿ˡ
͵ǺкܴǳԵȫտõ⣬ζ㣬ȴ޿ζ㱾ΪСӦⲻģȴû뵽ȴǸһǲģΪ˲֡
һܹʵĲ裬ζлĻԴ㳢
ģԺҾܳˣ
˫ð⡣
嵱УԽֵŮˣԽϲȻÿлᱻʦΪǿȢŵģ
иϸ˵Ҳȷʵ֣Ŀ屶أָָԶļӣ˰˸ŮȫɳĽ
Ժ
ޱ𾪵ԸӣҡҡͷǲǺÿֲģ˵Ůһʹʱ̣
ຢӣ㻹ᣬҵԼİˣ֪ʹҲʹˣҸ
ϸ˵лиʮӣһӵʱ˾ûȻǱסһӵǸҲѾˣվǱߣڿȥѹ
˳ϸ˵ķȥＸսʿڲϣĿдʣƬûȥǸͲκζ
㣬ǲųҵǼһô
˵ͷֿϸˣǾȡץŪңͱɱͷˣ
ϸ֪飬˵๫֪֪ΪʲôҪ㣿


1680 һ
Ϊ࣬˺֮䱾ìܣǵ˲ûнҵԴסõķݵУӦҲͬԴң
޹˵
๫ǵҸոպ˵⺢ʮĺô
ϸ˵
޵ͷ
Ů֮һСͱܾ裬һλսʿȻ壬Ȼģսʿˣһһĺӣûȥµʮӣûִ㣡
ȻһжУĺͻȻķʮһӣȫɥûһ˻š
ΪͺһֱҸȥģȻû뵽ȻûзŹµʮһӶȫŪˣ˼ʱ䣬תֻ֮ˣǶµĺһὡɳһתˣǡ
ˣ
ид˵
֪Ǵĺ⵽˭ͻô
˵࣡
鱻״ǱߵӣĶһʹ޵Ŀ⿴ԼȻǵΪĹԴĸо
Ǳ޹أûͻϮĺҲҪȫģܵŮˣ
һŹȵȥһʦȻƫϲƣȥǿ£޶ûκκøУȴǿǺȤһ㣺񣿡
ˣΰֻŷҫܿٳһֻ˵Ϊ統бŻᱻͷȡû˿ϧıҪ
˵һء
ǸȴԣϹŷô꣬ҲûиҴκκˣ⼸ӣҵҲͻϮģңĴڣΪҪôģɱ񣿻УˣôϵģĴڵĻȥɣھ˶ŷˣǵ񣡡
ϹȥﲻӭŷĴڣԼ񣡡
ϹٲȥĻǶ㲻

ƺŭ͵Ĳ˶ŭӺ䣬λĶӸǳǰȥϹںʲôˣЩблࣿ
Сס֣ôҲǰʦеĳϣֻǱԻסˣջعģ
սʿס
޴ˣһȺ޴ˣջعģһһֱȴһģ
Źһȳһ뿪˲
ָԭеա
սʿ˽˹๫СΪΪеǸϣܹĸĲҿķϣԭĹҪ֪屻ȡսʿʸ񣬱绹Ҫܣ
㲻ܵսʿô
˵ټң仰˼ǰҼսʿȨֻڲտݵˣŲᱻ
嵱бȴҪܣ
С˵
ô൱УǱ˸Ҳȱͷõö࡭ţðɣһ˵ģѾԭˣ
˵
СϲλҲǵͷҼл㣡
޲û˵ʲôҪ㣬ȴǷѾ߿ˣ૵Ǽһﵽȥˣ

һȺ޴ˣŰɣһҫģʱǾ֪Լʱжô޴ˣ
Ǹ˳֮ΪϹ·ϣ̱˼㣬·Ĳ˶ָָ㣬ȻȽλˡ
ݣ
Ӱ˲ʱԣǴŶ磬һ˿Źȵ˵ʦкʱֳô츳ˣǵģ첻Ҫϵͷӽɣ
ţǰʦһأ˵ǰһ֧սӣַӡһֻŽ޺ڰҲǵϣΪĳϣǣ֮ǱʱȴǵһԣҹȫĪʧЩһֱʹ˵ع޴ǰʦϣ˲̳ͽ㣬ǽ졭
ôˣǵ˾ǲɱô
ǰˣ
ʦҪ֣
ȴǺȵÿİ׳գ壬ķԸķԸ֪֪
嵱Уʦ˾һֱǶصĴڣҲָʾǣȻ˵ģ
޴
˺ȵ֮ѡԵ䣬˶Ӧĳ֮£
ǣǵƻˣҪĿƿ壡
˵
ɱ
һʦȴǺȵ
оһĨ׹⣬ۿҪˣȴɫ䣬ԤԼһԼܹôѾ㹻ˣԵú̹Ȼ
䣡
ͻĿֲȴǽѾֵİʦֱɳȥʦҲǿǰˣ˽Ƿŭ࣬㻹ǲûıӻǸŮҪɱ벻㻹ǣǵеһʦ
ɱԸǵģǱ֪Ҳᱣסǵģʦɲ
Ŀ׺ݣûаΪʦӦõʡ
׳ļһ۸һûаˣѵǻֵܱô壬Ǳ¶жˣ
ȵ
뿪֮˳ȥкûü޴򣬱Ҫѯй飬ȴû뵽ͻȻĳʦҲǲһԣʱ֡
ȻСӣ㿴
һʦȻ͸״Ц࣬ʦһļܰ״̬״̬£ǿǲĴڣ
ǻǰʦ˵ֻЦô
ϲģұ죬Ƚ࣬һὫʬ
Ǹɰ״̬ʦȵ
֪״̬ô
Ц
ȥɣ
״̬ʦǰȥа׹ⷺһ㣬Ȼһץֱӽʦֱץסźȵû뵽໹Щʵ㻹Ҫ
Ȼһ׹Ϊܹ͸ؿڣȴû뵽ǵâոջʱȴһ˹ȥ
ž
ޱһƣ
ʦȻ棬ΪѾΪ״̬µǼһᰲȻվȴû뵽˶޷ܵǼһˣ
ˣȻ״̬µʦɱˣ


1681 ƶ
ʦ̱Ϊ״̬·Ҫɱ㣬ȴû뵽ٴĳƻһһȫڵء
ţû뵽ǰʦ֮˻ѪҲ֣
֣ҪΪԷĻҳĸɾ
ϣ㾹Ȼնɱʦ࣬㻹ǵΪ
Ŀ𺳡
ͷǰη壬ҲɱʦˣʲôΪ
Ǹ㽫ɱˣŹģԸ񣬿¾Ҫס㣬û취
˵ڿǶҪܵǣƣ
Ȳ˵ͷй飡
˵
ոڲ;˶Ȥðɣһ֪ʲôֻҪΥ⣬Ҷ㣡
ֻһ⣬䣡
ֱ˵
ȴҡͷʧˣԴ֣ʹδȻҲ֪֪ڤڤ֮Уһڹעǣ
ûв´ĻӦò岿䣬Ǳӡסˣ
ͨ죬˭ܷӡס˵岿䣬͸ܣĴڣôܲ岿䣿
˼
㲻֪κͶԷͣϾܸܲ߶ԷʶѾ岿˸飬޷ҵĴڣ
ˣˣΪǸ࣬ڿҲһظʼջع鲿ģǵŰɣһģ
Źһȳһ߿ˡ
ʱƬΣҶҪҵ㣡
վԭأ뿪ӰҲǴ󲽻ȥ
ص޻ԭλϣΣȻڵȺ㣬߽ʱҲüһȥˣȻҪһ㣿
ѵ㻹׼ҳȥһô
ޣȥʱ泤
űӣոˣѾС飬У˵Ͼ͵
ţ
ͷ
๫ǵȥ
һսʿ˵
Ӧˣ߰ɣ
˵
˸ϵʱܿԶڷһ̳ƺڱƴûнעڽ޺ϡ
þƣ벻嶼ƣʵţپ
ޱˬ
սʿ˽ҵ㣬սʿҪܹˣû뵽ûа⣡
þƴƿǴδ

ܿ죬һ̳ͱ˺꣡
ʵ㣬˵ôҵľƣǲ˰Ҫ֪Щϲˣ
ûаƴʵϣ֮˭ʹԷһģУʲôЩ˶ϲҿɴδ
ҡͷ
ߣٱ˵ϲƭŮȥȾƣȻЩҾŮƭϴ
޹Ŀһۣôʲôҿûָգ
ҡҡͷʱ˶ָԺһ̳Ҿơ
˺죬ÿȼụຮһûƴƵ䵭ȥ
̳ƺ꣬˶Щ죬Ȼ򶨣ûаҡΡ
ұΪĴ򣬲ƣȴû뵽ľǷƴƣǸ󣡡
˵иأ̳ƹ󣬱ø´ȣһߣƴһ
ҲãǱϾҪ̣ҶˣǿҪ£
ͷ
Ȼˬ죬ķǸ񣬱ڰ֣ƣ
Ҳվһˣȥߴͣһѽɫ񵶣üĵһź룬ɷֻ̳һûеɳԼһ̳Ҿƣķ˲ǵľƻܸҵ㣿
ãķ㲻յľ񣬸ɵƯ
˵
Ľ쿴ȥһ¶֮ɫĿ⵱ڸҪңǧҪϣһΣ֪ͲӦˣڿЩһη壬ȻҪⳡƴ
Ҫ̸֪Уǵһˣʽ̸Ȼʿ󽵡
඼ƴôֲö˵ųޱȣģ
ķȵ
ķҪΣ
˵ЩŭҪǶóսĻⳡƴƾȡˣû˭ʤ˭֮˵
⡭
ٴκݺݵĵЩһۣǵУûһ˸Һ̳Ҿƣ
Ӧ
ǱһЦ
˭˵ų˸ӦսУ
ıһ޹Ŀƨ£
ҪӮҾ˯ľϣ
Űɣ
ǰ͵͵޵ıƨɣ꣬޲ͽгסβֵĿС
ǰΪսҲûΪʲôⳡƴұ㾡Ϊɣ
úúã㣬û뵽ʱ̣ȻͦЩ汾ļһһ£ڱϿϷֻڼкŮ̸˵ˣղ۽Σһ
˵
Ȼѩ̿иж
Ҳǿһ㣺֪ұԾˣز¶
ߣݵĺͺһܺȼ
ķӵ
ܺȵѪ
㵭˵
˵úã㣬㿪ƣ
˵
Ȼһģϵһ̳ƾһУ򿪾ƸǣǰҲ֡
㣬Ҫˣȥ
վԭأƤް˳Щ˶ܿпޱȵ޾Ȼñ뺷ޱȣһ޻ڵ֮ϣ澹Ȼֳɫ棬Ȼ൱еĸǿߡ
ҪӮˣˣ
ЦſޣͻȻж̳ҾƣֱӷڿУͬҲһ
˭óƵٶȱķ죬Һ֮ûа󣬿ޱȣ
þ
˳㣬ǳԤϣ̳ҾƳǺһﶼҪոûʩչֿܵƵԣǱս
һ̳ưˣ˵̫磬ԽȺԽӣȵ棬˭Ѫ
ķһ̳ƣȥǧ


1682 
ãķ壬һҪӮ࣡
иսʿ˫ۣһ֧ķ
ҲǺȵķľ֪ģ㲻ܻ䣡
ķܿһ̳ƣ߶ڿ񻶡
˵ǲ㰡̳Ƶ©ô࣬ǿߣǰζûأ
ָŵ˵տ㣬Ƿֶһ̳ӡ
û뵽һεĹȻֺһ̳
⣡
ߵսʿˣһ̳Ǿã̳ɾǾǷ˰㻹ûķֱɣ̳еľƻȫĺû©Ρ
һϲȻһƣ൱ɣΪֳգҲûоܾ
©پأ˶ȾƵģߣСӣȻ̳ʹǸɲˣ
ķ˵̧̳꣬Ʒϡ
û˵ֱӽһ̳ȵһ̳֮ƺûоˣٺһֻ̳һδϢʱ䣬̳ƶȵľ⡣
̳ҾƣҲͨһƬŲЩΪߵսʿҵĹģȴû뵽һž˵
תͷ㣬˿ֶ̣̳ӣķһҡҡλε˹ȥ㣬̳ƣ
ôҲԣ
˲ǵһˮ赭д
ܣô̳ˣǷۿ̳ģ
ǵģķϣ
˵
ķ壬һҲǿԵģ̳ѣ
ķͣһӮģ

ģҾͲŻӣ
ķ̧̳ƣһ̳һЩҲǻһȻǿķȵڶ̳Ƶʱ򣬽ŲȴڴΣվȣķӲһĺȥˣ̳ʱ򣬺ȵһʱķڳŲסˣ̳ˤڵϣѪȥ
ڳžˮĵϲ
ķ壬ķ壡
ˣȥʦ
˵
սʿҲǸϽ˳ȥ
㣬㻹˵׼ǼһȵѪˣ
˷ܵĺܣȻҲûпǵ˿Ǳߵء
ȴǴǰһսʿȴǺȵʲô˺ķô
ҡҡͷǾƾжأѾ˼࣬ҪǵȵʦĻˣ
˵ʲôȻ˵ķҪˣ
ûսʿֵлϹ⣬ϹķʹķǴһɫĹ£ܿģķԭڵûжӾȻ˶ܿķƤƿƬ̣ͱ΢΢һˣ飬ô
ķ㣡
˵
ң
ķ׭ǿֱӾͽķڵľƾȫߣңķԭϲúȾƣˣҲһƺˣʹķڿ㡣
㻹л㣬ոǲ
˵
Ҳʹķм࣬ո㲻Ӯⳡƴ㻹Ӯķģķ㣬ķصˣ
Ҳǵͷʰ·磬㣬Զѣ
һӣҲմĹˣǺú̸̸ʵɣ
˵ţҲ֣һôһ㶼İЩĺһ
ţˣո˵Ӯ֮˯ľ
ʲôʱ˵Ϊ˼òãոնԱʲôԼ
޵ƤЦ
еĹϣѾ㹻ĳ⣬ڣһûпҵĶӣѵҪʲôҲܺҶӼһô
˵
ôмӣ
ӿС֪飡
ǺãɣӦλĸӣ
չأǴӣ
ԴŭȻǲԷʻ
Ҳֻѯһˣ
˵֪ǹмô
˵Ժʮ֪Ǽ٣
Ҳˣһа˸ӣʮŮȻϲһűǰ˸ȫĻҲԲŮʣ
˵Ӧױ˼˰ɣ
˵һһǲ㣬Ҫô
ȵ
ȻǱĿģ
ͷ
Ʋ죬˵㣬ʲô˼ôо˵ҲǸҪ
ǲ磬߲һģ
Ҫں̸УҪѵҿǸϲŮΪңʲôԸģȻ˵ң
޸˵꣬һккҲǼСȥɫҴңûйδǽɴӲôûòܽأ׳ʲô飿
ףʦŭĸߣ˵Ҫץ磡
Ŀ⿴㡣
ץ㣿
Щ⣺ķովƾжȥʦǣûüķˣҪץ㣬ΪΣ
ķҲ˵ˣķľˣǱǲǸˣôҲץɣ
Ҳһɻ󣺡ǱŪ˵ĻһΪֹ
ЩʦͷͷôбڣҪץ㣡
˵
ǰʦ˾
ں͡
Ȼ˿̣һȴǴ飬ʲôúིأǰԴ󣬾ȻŰ裬ˣ˽ɱԡϴǵ壬ǵİ࣬ʲô취ܾأ
ǵոմǱŭб¾ͳزʲô
ݣ
һӰӴ˸˻ûоʲô飬ǿͻȻŵ浹ȥﻹ죺
飡
ڵϣѪʹĺܣһֱٺȵʲôʲôϮ˱ȻûӦ
ţȻûѵǿֹô
ſǰһӰӦ˵һ͸Ӱ̬֮ǰЩʦɵİ̬ƣֻǰȻҪǿ٣ֹɱһΣҵҪ㻹ֹڶô
˲֪ں˭˵ƺҪֻɱȻ˿̣ȴǵǰô˵Ҳ̸еĴ󽵣ʱŭ


1683 ʧ
ðɣϣҾһ
˵
ڵأȻܲŻԶԷǿȴǲκηʵһУȣܱɱ
ķˣҲֻʦǰȣȴû뵽Թ
˵
ķôǱһֻͻҪ뺷أ
˵
ķȣģ
ķ˵
㣿
˭㣿
䡣
㻹δϣǰ㣿ɱʦǸࣿ
ʲôɱʦ
ǷŪ岿ûκεĲٶ
ʵ
ϣѵһ˵Ѳɣ
ɱģǸϹͷɱʦ
ȷɱģ
ͷ
㣬㣿
һԵ޹ҲǾȣʧǶʱ䣬ȻǶʱȥɱˡ
ţΪϵģڼȻˣôҲӦ֪նɱҰʦҲ׼ɣ
ȵ
ţɱһԭģȻʦΪ϶ʲô˵飬׾ɱˣǹΪô
˵
㱾ΪžҪ֣ҲһưѶԷȷɵ׼֪޴ʱȻվΪ˵С椣ҲǹҲʡıͳˣ
ϾĿҵ񣬻ҪǵϢ
λǣ
ȵ
ĹչضʱҲ
͵
ţĹô²ǣ
ûзϣҵĶҲУ
һ۾ڲԶҲ˵ץסˣ飬ΪʲôûңڱչأǹغδҪ飬ΪԴ
Ѿ̸н׶ΣûгֵĻ˵Ѿˣ
ʲôǵĹУӣǺܹƽô
ȵУСϿǻʦָأ
˵ɱʦô㽫ˣֵأ
˵
һ๫Ҫס岿ɲ
ҲˣеĿӣڻûгľλãֻб֪
ҲǴӵվҲǱԼ߰˰ˣĳ֣ҲǾԼûȽӿֱӴĻ˵ɳʲôأ
ߣشôԭҲ㲻һв˵Ĺһôѿӽ㻹Ҫ뿪ô
˵
ûдﵽԭǾɱңӿҲֵģ
࣬ΪҪЮ壬Ҫ֪ܣܹҵӵģ
Ц㣬СӣɱҰʦҾԲŹģ
㡣
ҿһص⣬岿䵽˭˵㣿ΪԼ͸ˣһΨҶ̬ƣ
ȴЦ
ǣСӣ
ˣ
ȵǲʦ䣬˵ûд岿䣬Ҳ˵㣡
סҪƢЩսʿһӵĿ⣬絶ʣû뵽ȻҶƢҪ֪ǰʲô飬Բ̬Ⱥ˵
һѾ㹻Ӳˣȥʦ䲻Ҫ׿⣿
ðɣʲôǳҵĵߣô߳岿䣡
ʵ
ţ˵ԭ֮ǰĺܸߣȴһֵýѣҷŻ˱һҲҪֻҪǣ
˵
ǣһǳأҲǣ
ȵͽɱȻָҵӣ
ɽϣܼҼ
ȴصͷ
ǲǷˣӦǹĻҿ϶Ӧģ
޹˵
ȴҡͷȻǲǳأҪ֤˭
ҲѹԼĵλ
ǳؿ¶ҪڲìܣȴǼѣ
ȻҲΪѹҲһӵĻ𣬲Ͼͳ﹫Ȼа壬Բ˳ֻܼ
ˬҲһԾŶ֮ˣӿ˲ʮ֮⣬ھǰȥ
ͷ
ʮ֮ôķȥʮﲢԶ嵱зٶġǧС
´
ķҲǵͷתˡ
ǧСһɵһǧûκ⣬ʮľܿܽˣţϣܹٿһ㣡
ҲǼ
һĹ´ٴɵ˻Ȼķ˻ˡ
磬ڻˣҪȥ
Сܳȥһ˷ܡ
Ȼȴʧ»
ķվϣ̾˵ˣұʮ֮ĵطûҵӣǣȴǷˣʮʬ壡
ʲô
𾪵Сӷʮ֮⣬˰أѵСѱǾߣǵˣɱ
飬ѵӦ÷ŭĲôҪ֪ҵĶʧˣ
ȵ㷽˵ҸͲ֪ôǰߣΪӦĻ޷ͳ˲䣡
ߣض˵𣬿䲻Щһʼٸߣ׷Źǣǻ˵ãˣҽץ岿䣬ھɭֳڣ
˵
ɭ֣ˣǴ˵е֮أǽȥǻᡭ
˵
Ȼûм磬ȴ֪ºûйϵ
ϣӣǱԻ׹ƻˣǣͲʧȻΪЩ˵ûҪô˵أ
ҡҡͷ
εĿһ㣬ȻǾԼûǾȳ
ӣ⸱ίεı飬ҼҪɭ岿ʹЩ˵ĵطڵһЩͽ֮ԻᱻΪ֮أΪЩﷸžԵǱ˴Źƽ壬κһĴ
Ŀɨˣ࣬ܿǵͻõľǽʧϣ


1684 ɭ
岿嵱еһ֧ʦΪ֣һɱİʦʦܹʩչʹñɾ޷ǿǻܹɾ޵սұ״̬µӵŽսϼǿʦ
һ˾ǳأܹһԪǲ֪Ϊʲô岿䵱е˾ȴǲʤǿս϶ٿ˾
ɭ岿еĴ֮أ岿䲻Զ˱һȺʦǲǲ뷴ʩе޷ʹûӳ졣
ǰһƬɭ͸ЩǹܿһƬĺɫɭ֣ɭֵе췢ֲ
ɫȻǾɭ֡һЩ£֮Щĵˡ
Ǿɭֻ֣侳Ż֪ĿֲԸܳΪһܹųļһ
˫ֵгһĨɫĹâŹâֱˣȻһģŹâֱʹ˵ɶֱӷƬɭ֡
Ź֣̫Źˣ
վԭҡͷ
ˣкιŹ֮ѵǻܴɣ
ǵһλǿߣ´ʱλǿʵϾѾҳ֣һʱûܰյʩչȴǸолһǿֵ
˵
ѵǵҲıҲǹװɲ˵ģ
ܣںͿҲһȥ޷̽ʵǸǿߣǿǧ׶Ը
˵ȻҲ˾ɭ֣ԻΆǵģͨ죬Ҳ߳

ɭֵС
絶ĺɫҶڿƯ죬Χޱȿֲɱգչֵ쾡¡
һУмѾ̲ס־ˣˣɭֲ̫ˣѵĻ˵ɱô
ֻӢµսϣֹطûܵģ
ȵ
޹ȴǿһ۲Ȼ㣺ôûа㺦°ѵܹȥô
ҡҡͷǲµģ
㣬С˵úãЩ£һһثɭֲտֲһˣûʲôµģ
ǰûаҲ֪ǰ·;Ƿգ˿̣ɫ֮ϣȴ˹
ݣ
һȻӷ֮˳ǰ벽Ǹ¾Ҫ͸š
ӲĺɫѿŵǰӢǰҲʧΡ
ˣ
½Ǿʧ룬Ŀ񣬷·һҲ̤ȥ
ҲЩ£վԣȴЩİȫУְȫҲʹнΪ򶨵һˡ
Ȼ򶨵Ļ㣬һݣ˫񣺡ȥǰ̽·ԭЪϢڻǣ
ãһҪ̽·
һ˵
Ҫ뵽ԼҲЩ־ǰһУҲĬȻͷ
㣬һǰȥ
޿ڡ
ɫһ䣺ޣȥʲô֣ʲôʧô㸸
ᱣҵģô
ܹܵһĪʼһְȫУԭؿưȫʵϻһ
߰ɣ
ûоܾޣʵҲСǲԼ¾ǴԭضΣ˺׷ǹʣûҪᣬС椣ôԼҲβǣҪǷԼһϵľ
޸һӺɫȻĵȴЩǣһ·֮ϲ龪һ
ȻûбסĻҲܹͨʶܵЩɫϵʵϸҪϣ·Ƭɫһ㡣
֮ƮĺɫҶͿһ㣬ҲûƮ
ΪǾɭֹеĹ״̬Ҳûѯ㣬ͻȻһһֻǴ̳Ǵ⬵ߴܳŵ޲ͱ˵ûҪ˼ú£
ֻȻߣ֪٣Ž۾ﵽʲôĹطô˶ˣȻôĵҷⱲӼĵֲ̫ˣ
ȻЩɵΧĻ
Ҫҹ
ʼ硣
Ľ죬ѵûαô˵ˣ֪ҪȥôôоϤһ
ȥ񣡡
˰ɣΪʲôƨأǲЩ˵СϷˣ
ҡҡͷ
أ
޵Ļɣ㵹һЦ֮
֮ԻУΪɭֵһǵˣоӿϢҲɭֵС
Ļ±ץס˱ӿ
ΪʲôҪ㵹ǲ̫ȻҲ֪
ҵȻͨҵʱƬһҪõ
а
˭ٿ˾ɭ֣Ϊܹƿɭеһô
һһͷ쳹
޾ͣסŲѵ
ɭֵļһҪֻܾİֻ࣬ңǵõ
ӣǻʲô
ȴ֮Աǡ
ߺߣǲԼڻĺʹôǱħƣҵľɭֵҲκϣ̫ϣǱǸģңǵĸмֵˣ
ΪʲôҪڲУôǶһطˣ
޲֪Ϊʲô˿֣һůӿʹɫ糣ûа㺦¡
ҲС椵ĵҪ֪ڿûаϱֻ룬󶼻ŵһߣȴû뵽ʱ̣ȥɱǿǧļһ
ߣСһԭҪʹȥڿǸʶ̧ٵļһţҵа취ĥ㣬һὫȻݣȻڲƬУ㿴ԼĳªģԼĳˣȻȥֻܾа꣡
϶Ǹޱȵĳ˹֣Ļôϲĥˣߣʲôƨ岿ı̬飬ŷ飬Ժ󲻱Ź֣Ϊǻ㣬Ųܣ
˵⻰ʱʹ㣬߸һ϶λ˵ĶޱȣȻ


1685 ̮
Ȼ˵ǳ˹֣㿴Щ龿˰ɣ
޻δӦоȻһ߾ʬ壬ЩʬµЩȻҲ̶ãЩ۾ûбϣǰŵ˵ĻУҲ¶һ˿⣬û뵽һ򣬶ԷȻڵཫȫɱ
֪ôСһеشҲУֻҪԶһָͷͱɣֻڻüֵ

˵㣬Ӧô죿
ߣҴȥ
˵꣬ޱǸоԼڿУȵĿ㣺Ҿ֪Ȼʹһֱز¶
뵽Щ£Ƿԭأڶ֪ˡ
ˣ
һȵǴ޳һطȥ
ߣҪԸôûܵģֻ·һ
㣬Сģ
޿ΧĺɫȻյĿռ䵱УЩɫֱӺȥͼڰ·Ͻס
㣬ҪЩɫɱģ
ƺҪЩɫײȥŵûҪ֪ЩɫǼʮ˻һҲ޷סģ׳ĺɫһƶȻѾԷעײȥѵô
飡
ҪײЩɫȻ޴˿̵ߵУȴǳЩɫԶѵĻ棬ŵƮȥ
ǰȻѾûһסĺɫ
һôģѵ˵ͼƬɭֵ˾ô
û˵ˣȻ֪ʱڸٷеУܷġ
ȻҵķƻˣСӣȷǿ󣬲ǲǾɭֵĵһ·Ļں棡
ɭֲ˵Ҳ˼ֵǣȻ֮ǰЩ𣬿ҲǵʵܹЩħϡ
ˣ
ɭһ޺ʹΧЩɫҪһһ㣬ͬһĲϮһ㣬Щǰȴֱɢ
ƣѵǾŽޣ
ŽΣɱ󣡡
ԺгһɲǵãȻŽ޶ɱʵŶǿ
ٶȼӿ죬һּ仮޵Ӱڸ֣ǰһֻӴޱȵܹ֣ʮɸߣ˫˶׹䣬ͷһֵĴǣ˸ŵһֻЯ׵ܹ֡
𣡡
С࣬ȻҷҴܵĵطҵĶӳȥ
һְֻܹˣ뽫ˣ
Цз⣬ǹУޱһֱסҲ߶ǺǹȻֻܹȥ
ǹҫâܹƺЩ޼ɵҪһƽǺǹ飬ȴû뵽ǹȴұ֮ͱ˸
ֱӴֵܹĴұѪֹ
㻳У㳡ͣӴɽһĴܾȻ̵ұðѪ⣬Ҳܿʵ˰ɣ
࣬ȻˣҪɱ㣬һҪɱ㣡
˻ţͷϵĴҫ⣬ֱ۾Ȼֱץǵ⣬зһ򣬿ȥҪȻһɱ
ȥɣ
ȻһԾץסǹǹעӴ޿ٴγȥû˿ĺ£Ҫ㾿ôɱֻŽҪ޵ġ
䣡
ֱܵȻȥеҲͷųȻû˿ܣƺûа˺ǴܵĿ־Ŀ⵱УһӰʼֱǰǹֱӴؿڣźһը죬ֻоؿ鿪ؿд͸
޻ͷһܾȻ۳ŵأѪؿڴӿǺɫٲһ㣬ֲ˹
û뵽㻹ϲôѪȵĻ棬ȴǺǸЦ
˵
ιʲô˼ŮӺôУոֱɱģΪҪĵĴؿڴ͸ҿôĵһĻ
ʡʱ䣡
㵭˵
¡
ǴܵӴڵȥɭֶһ㣬Կǰ˵²ڻһ飬һֱΪľɭ֣ȴǱľҪˣȴңڣٺٺٺ١
ֻ֪鷳ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ɻ󣺡ôˣ
һֱһ˳ôôͻȻ鷳ˣ
㿴գ
˵
ܲҪѹˣ
˵ΪʲôоպҪһ
ٿ棡
ʲôѵҪѹô
޿־
䣡
չҪѹȥҲǷ
ԴܾΪôҲǵθ˰ˣɭֵʧ־Ĵڣ࣬Ψһùְ취նɱĵˣҲãҲʱȥˣ
ҽɭֳ׻ǷмأԶ磬ܱھҪõĶɣ
ɭ֣࣬Ҳòеǿܶ࣬Ƶĺɫնɱܣǣ㣬ı䲻عɭУʼǿĴڣؽ֮䣡
ЦţúøţգһĳѹǾСĺһֻӬһأҲὫѹһô°ɣװѣ
˭ѣģҺһȥģ
ƺ̼ˣǼһƾʲôұ˵һؼǿĴһ
Ȼ˵꣬ȴǸ֮ܵľ޴䶯շ·ߣҪȻҲ׾ܿѾĽžվڵ֮ϡ
־壡
صĿ־壡
䡭
֪־ôŲǺ緢ôҲֻ˰˰ɣĸоôѾܹǱģˣһȤģ
˵ꡣ
ؾȫҪ£رһ㣬Ȼֻ˵ߣ翴ǾѾһ㡣
䡭
һʯը֮ը죬ޱ۾־ı㣬һ룬룬оԼڼٵĺţ۾λû˿仯ΧһѤʯ꣬ϵľʯըѣոѿ
Сʱʹһ⣺Ҫôأ
иţ
ҪǸأ
Ȼ˶ţҲţ绨񣬲ò˫ȫŮûһİ

̧ͷһ㣬ȴһķƵʲôأߣȥǼһĿ


1686 
ã
޲֪ĻشͬʱϾȻһĨڸǵɬ㲢ûпǱεĳˡ
޿һǾɭֹȻˣȡ֮һƬյأյصĲԶĲ䡣
ߵľȻҲʹƻͨǱߴ֪
ݣ
޷ٶҲǿ磬ת˲һλͣסյظֻһž޴ޱȵĺɫɫ֮ɭֵĵеĴ׳ΪͦΣ֮ȴѪ죬һεѪڲͣĳŵ¡
գ
ݣ
˷ʦ˶׷׸ҲǴϵһ𾪵ĿȫȻǰһУôܣǲǴھɭأɭôʧˣ
ɭֱһˣ
㵭˵
ˣܡ
ûʲôܵģǰֵĴӦþŷɣ
ݡһҲ˸֣ϣ⵽ʲô״ɭôܻʧģոǱըѵɭֱըô
ĿһֱǰǿŴ֤뷨
ôǵ׼ֻعôŻһĵأ
˵
ס죬Сӣϣ㻹ҿڳԣ
ʲô
㷭ֱһƣһֱӽڵϣΧЩʦ˶ŵȫ𺳣ȻһЩӦ
ҪĻԼڻþУĻôܱһ֪Сһȵȥôܡ
޵ͼĸ棬ûаǰϣˣ֪ʵڱֵĻҪǿ֡
ˣһһȻ
ҵģ
ȴ˵һͷңһģٽСֳ֮ͷң
üͷһ壬û񾭲ȻQ
ϵĹڴǰϣҵӦɱǰ⼸ˣȻǵִȻȾƬˡ
ףǵһοǱأոô
̫أ
ҡҡͷ
࣬ȻҶܵ˺Ҳ֪ҪնؾԪܽŵֲ
ٴδ
ˣ
ˣ
ˣ
ѵ㣿
Щ˺ʦĿ
ҲãȻ˵ϣѵո˵ô
һȺȻһǿ岿䣬һҵľɭֵУ˭´
ŵûϣ⣬ѵʲô𣿡
ɭѾ׻ٵˣҲ룬һ⣬ߣ
һ֦Ȼ˦ƤޣһɵĳϣʹĽлϣˡ
ͱǰ´ˣֳԭΣûв´ͱӿӦþУ
˵
У
ȵĿ㡣
Ȼʲô㣬ҵĳƺҺܲϲҿ񣬶
ǰľ޴ɫȻԭرãһӰǰһͷ׷òȴ꣬ȥϳɣߣͱӿȻڵϣڻֻεȥ
磡

ΪΣҵĶΪʲôУ㾿ʲô

һҲʮ㣬ʹɽ𵴡
Ϊʲôһӣߺߣô˵ƽΥҸ͸ܲİ֮ŷҲǸ񣡡
˵
ʧ̫ţûȷǷ񻹻£ǲıԼģΪİֻΥ֪ܶȻһֻŷˣ
ȵ
ĶӿҵУ˵Ļҵ֮Ӿģ
ȵ
콫ˣ
ŭ
Ȼ˹ȥסǺȵɴһȫ岿仹˭ҷң
лһֱӻŵòͻȥˣȻȴǲûܵ˺
㲻Ҫô
˵
ȻҲǿֽ£㣬ܷҾӣ
лԣЩͷĿ񣺡˵ҿɲĶԹֻ֪һ飬䣡
ɶ࣬壬Ϊ֪䣿
ЩŰ˵ȻΪĴڶģ
γǹһǹֱӴĺǰ棺ǻҪʵĻҲұ֤һ̻᲻Ὣĺʱ޷ˣ
˶ڲǶѵŷôһǰȻŷ飬ܹǿô
ǲڵģ
һȺд
ϹôҲ
˵
һһȳһյ˹˵Ǳһߵģ֪ҲȻģΪǸ㣬֮ͻʧ岿ͻٴ񣡡
зҷģûɱ㣬ֻǷ
˵˵ˣҸûи񣬻˵ҲûǸȥ飡

֮أ
ʲôطΪʲôܹΪ
˵
֮һԵأҪȫչأԼҡ
˵ʵ̵ͽܣҰ˰ΣֻΪҵֲסȨջڿʼһЩ굱Уһܱңȫػˣ֮ҸܵջҪǶңҳΪΨһ飬Ҳǣ
Ȼֱ죬ֱ㽫ҵľɭֳ׻ٵҲ֪Һ֮Ĳжô޴飬ӵȫ˶
Ȼ֪Լ㣬֪ǣͲʱˣʱȻѾҪָ۷ʵĶ֣ȻܣȴʹȻеԼִ֮ŶѾʧ
ϵĹâټ٣
ҲܿϵĹâһļ٣˶֮һֵַļ٣ֱްâ

ŵıӿȻһҲƣƿƤǸոƺһܳλһĵһۣѾǰȥЦݡ


1687 
һڽӵ˿һĻ΢΢ж
ͣ
ڴ˿ȴ³Ѫϥأ˫Ŀɫ԰ףҵ֮ȻȫʧˣѵûһԸŷô
ޱȰˡ
Ϲ˵Щô꣬ҵסҪǼô
㲻䵱飬Ǹƭӣ
˾ŷ㣡
˲䣡

Щ޴ˣƭǣҲǣǾȻԴңҵ֮ȫĨɱˣЩ˶
Ȼ˿һƻȻֱӺûа㷴֮
ۿҪɱ䣬ȴ˵ողѾ֪ôȻ鶼˵ôǿԤϵôѵΪƭǣǻһô
㵹û˵꣬ҪĻԲзʲô
סˣ޷ɱˣ֮£θɣҴȥ֮أҪô
Ҳ֪֮ģһҪɱҺޣڵҲҪ£ÿô
˵
ҲĶ֣бȥսҵʦ飬ѳԽļޣ
ϣҪ᱾֣
ʱһȴ⴫
˭˻񣬸оߣ
һӦںԶﻹ˻ȣȷǷ
㰵
ŵùڵϣʦ𣬶ҵĴʦ𷣣
ô
㲻ɻ
Ҳǲ֪ǺһȵĿա
ݣ
һӰڿһٶȸڿУһɫƤ׳绢˫ͷ⻷һ㣬һ㡣
ˣڻعˣ
˺ʦбһ󼤶졣
ڻˣڣ
ҲǼ
ž
ȻһӣһڵϵȻɳȥѪϳ˺£Ǻ¡
岿ίи㣬㾹Ȼ˽Ȩʹò˺ʦ㣬ΪЩ𶼲ô
˵һֱ֮ؿޣΪгһ޳磬û뵽ɥʧ󲿷֮ңչһͽ治񣡡
һɥʧ֮ûһ㣬κ飬ʦѾʹٸһλĻһһѡʦҴˣ
˵
ǧѷĳһеĻᣬֻһֻһܿ̽һ
˵
ĸ磿
ʵ
һδ֪磬һ˷磡
һۣ࣬һֱұΪ£
ʱƬ
ʱƬ
˵ô֪ʱƬѵҲ̽Ǹ棿
ֻҪصӦȥĵط
˵ʱƬ
ˣ
ʲô˼
ʱƬ飬֮أǱҪǸıҪԪأ
źȱ֮ңȻʧˣ
ʱƬˣ
ȭͷգһ˲䣬ԵҪʱƬʲôΪʲôǣ
ޣˣʦܸܵ˿̵ķŭһƲѹȵǴž޴ѹ˵Ǳûв´ĻӦòɣ
ʱƬˣʱ˼ô
ʱƬѣȻѾǰ㣬޷ʱᣬû֮ŵȥˡ
ʱƬȻˣ֮ȴһҺ壬Һ壬ܹʹʱƬٴںϣֻǴξѵĻᱻǱٴںʱƬҲ޷ɹģ
Һ壿ܹںʱƬ
һôҲ˵ٴƿջлģ
ƿգ
ȥ֮أ
˵
ãƿգҲֲ˱һԸ࣬ʹǰȥ֮أ
˵
㣬㲻ȥô
˵
ǸұͲˣҲܽȥһδ֪磡
Ҳ£
£㻹иҪТڣ
ƿ֮󣬻ô
Ҳ
㲻ң
޴յϣСһ£˵һ䣺ʲôʱҶ˯һľҶĳŵ
࣬ʱϵԽãʱƬںϵļԽСٲߵĻºƿˣ
ѵ
ˣ
˵
ŹӰһʧǰ
棬ǸԻΪģܵص࣡
ƿգףƿʲô˼ȥһռô
˶޷飬ô֪أܿ϶ǣǸ࣬һģΪҼǿ࣡
ޣǲǰ㣿ĻĻԼԽһ
ô֪֪Լѹжôʹ࣬ҵȷϲ㣬лĳȫ
ǣҪƿնˣҲûлټˣ
˭˵ϲһ˾ͷҪһģֻҪҾͺˡҲҲ֮󣬻أ

֮أ岿ʮǧһƬ֮أ̣ڵУһһɿֲĻ档
ǼҶԾʱܻͷű̿գ֮£ŹӰʻЯǿ֮أûһֻ޸Ҫ˵뷨
ݣ
Ӱһͱ֮ͣ£ȣͱǿһ㣬ðȳ̶ȣ޶̤벽
˳ͱȥһ޼ʵɫأһȻܹ͵һƬܿïܵͲ˻ȻһƬֵصУȴûκ޻֣Ȼϳ
Ǿ֮أǧΪǳϣ﹡ʵϣǿ־壬ΪΧûаֻΪȵԵô
صкǿΧ޵ӣ
֮Ȼػǿޣû֮һȻΪһֱ֮أȴǲԱκ˺ߣȥʱϵԽãԽûô
ţ
ӰͱһԾ£ת˲ִ͵صУһƬ֮УԶĳܡ

һ
ǿ֮ӵϷҪƶ֮أȻĳȻڵ֮ϱܣٶȸȻ
ȵȻߵУŲһȻһֻӴ룬޵ʱֻСĳȻֻǰһ㡣


1688 ɱ
ȥǰֻ뾿жôĿֲֻ֪ǽ޴»ֱιȥ
ϣǱѣȥʱƬȫʰ
ƺҪ㶯֣Ȼһȣȴ̶ˣĳ
ߣȥȡں֮ˮ
˵
زԶһϪϪеˮʺأһƬհ峺
ں֮ˮ
õˮԴûκȾһԣ
ͷָһ㣬ˮ˳ָڣˮʵ̺Ųѹء
ֻǿϧˮʣһ˵ֻǾ綾֮ҩ
ҡͷ
ˮʵһּǿĶԣǿֶܹԳʹתΪʹãȻʵǿᱻˮɱźˮԴȴûа취츣ô
˵
ˮԴܹʹõĻѳưˣڤڤעһ㣬ȻΪ飬ҲӦ˽巢սʲô£
˵
ڸп֮ʱѾٱ۶һſžӨƬڿС
ʱƬ
˵ǽˮЩƬ֮ϡ
ʱƬƺڻںϣ̵Уɢ˾߲̾ʱȴ𣡡
ϣ˵ʱƬѾ޷ԭˣ
𣡡
Ȼ
䣡
ʱƬںϵĹ̵У˼һ㣬Ȼڰ֮кȻһը죬ȫ֮ϡ
࣬Ҿˣ
ҡͷ
ܵģʱƬܾˣһҪȥ֮ţһҪָʵ
ȵ
Լٴ˾УʱƬһҪں
Ȱ㣬ȴû뵽˿ϱһǿҵɫâ񶼾ȵ˺˼ǿϵĹâϵЩƬ֮ϣеޱ𺳵ǣϵƬȻһ̣ǱһٴС
Ҫˮ齻һ㣬Ȼںһ顣
뿴㳡Ҳû˰˻ǾɹںʱƬһ㡣
Ϲ̫ˣȻں֮ˮںҪǿĶ࣬⵽Ǻѵϵǿ
˵
ʱƬѾںϣһ龧Ө״Ƭ֮ϣ¶һ˿ЦݣʱƬֻҪйٴδ֮ţһΣһҪ磬ָԭʵ
˫Ź⡣
Ȼ˿̣ȴҲᵽһ˿գһǿӱϮ쬵ģȻҪһƻɱ㣬һδУȴѾ˷λЦǲǺܺԼʱѡ󣿡
벻Ǵʲôʱʼģ
˵
׼ҽ֮أ۾֪ûôģҪ֪ΪѰܹ̽˵֮ļһ˽ģǿͽ
˵ڿǾ䣬˵ƿռƻԼȡ
ȡôԭҴδŹܹƿʱգִһ磬֪֪ǱΪ룬˵ûΪ룬ܹȫ˵˵ʵƿ룬ǵʲôأҴʹڣͽҺ޲ýɱʱǰҪûһӦʱգ
˵û뵽ǣں֮ˮ޷ںϵʱƬȻᱻϵںϣȻѾ˵ˣľƿʱյҽҲ޷ʵֵ룬ȴܱʵ֣һԸΪƿյıô
Լ޷ʵֵԸҪκ˶޷ʵô
˵ðɣȻ㲻ΪĻôɣֻ鳹׽ѣ
ǿ飬ҵ룬ҲǿޣԲޣ֮أҵѵΪܻô
۲Ҫ㣬һҪɱ㣡
˵
ǰ蹷һ㳯ȻϮ޴ѹȶȷԶʤЩŽޣȻȴȫȻ޾壬Ͼʵ۷ѾԶˣҪԸǰָʲô⡣
ǹ嵱бֽպǹǹȻһ۾ݺݴС
𣡡
鱬ǿҵĺ
ɣ
㳤ǹһתۼ䣬ǹӴĺ֮ը鿪
࣬Ҫ֮أ
Ȼһ˲ʧԵЩͻȻһˣŵĻǹϪؼϪȻγһȻ
ȻһӰںȻ嵱С
ǿϧͽľɭ֣Ҫٵ֮أ
Ц

ȻϪӿһˮԴЩˮԴɼſֲɱȫк
ǹƣ
ǹŷֱӳˮȥǹ֮Ǿȫг̱ڰ֮УȻ﷢˻Ŀֲǲţǿ־塭
۸ᣬԼѡ
Ȼĺ󱳴žžžžžһǿҵըȻȻ
һɳ죬վͱ֮ϣǴصʧɽһ㡣
ݣ
һԪͱ·ӿδȥԪҲ³Ѫڱ֮ǰܸܲңԺεأ
һԶ磬һʼ˵ĲҲûлˣ
Ǹ羿ʲô
ǿߣǿ㲻ܵ¶
֮ͻ˥Ҳûа취࣡
˥䣬ܱȱ㺦ĺãһ˽˿־飬˶ģ
ҡͷ
³һѪʱϢѾϳʧˣһŻɫǴ֮лǻ岿ʱʦĤ
ô£ôȫˣ
ʵ
ҲĪһλ˾ȴ˵ˣɫǳʦ統УȻеֻɫǳ
ֻ˵ϵһλǿˣǸ֮أ
֮أѵࣿ
ȥģô㣬ģģһģ
޼˵
֮أƺֻڣ㣬ѵô
ɻ
ʦˣ
˶˵ҲȻˣѾʧȥ˺ʦϵǿŻɫǳ࣬ӴԺ壬Լ飬֪һ̣ǷӦüʷ᣿
ԳһЦ


1689 ʿķ
˶ڰޱϵĿǿžҪĻɫǣ֪һſʼ᳹ʧ
ˣô㣬᲻Σգ
޼ץס˫ۣȻҡͷҲ
һ̣յĿȴȻˣյУһųɫ糯һ㣬ĻɫȻ
Ǻɫʲô˼
澰Ҳ֪һǺ£
ʦ˵
ȴ˵ʦ߹ңƿյһ̣гգ쾰Ǽһɹˣ
ƿô
ҲһϣĿա

ʱձ仯ǾתƬ̣ͣһƬյС
ϼӷ϶һɶ£һʯϽ䡣
ʯΧʯᾣߵУκӰ
ͷֿӵˣѵ֮Žĵطִˣ
㰵
Ƭʯ꣬ǰǻȻƬ˳Ҷķ϶͸ϡ
Ǳ߾Ȼиࣿ
ܣ֮ţеǿ߶޷룡
ûκأ
һ
㰵֮ţûʱˡ
û˵ĶԻǰȻ˿̣ӰȴƮȻվԭأǰˣЩ΢΢һ
ǰһһŮʹòͺ΢𣬵㻹ܹһ۾ϳ
׹źͺ˹
֮ţķôδأ
˵
Ǿǿߴ֮ţûй涨಻ܽɣ
˵
˵Ҿ˵࣬㻹ţΣ֮أϾҪħ忪սˣʱ׶༪٣
λôѵӦñô
Ц
ͻ񶼶һۣǱ֮ȥģһΣյлֹͦ۵ģܰɣô࣬Դ
յõʶ˹˵ʲô֣ڿʼҪ粽ǣĻ㱻ħ˿ɲܹǣ
ţϲƯŮ󣡡
סҵ֣˹

㱾Ϊ׹źͺ˹֪ӦȥηƺʧˣȻҲãȻĺܣпЦһﻹĵԼѱȴҪ۴ϣѵ۵ƥô
û뵽֮ŵе̫ȣȥǵҪΪֵնĸɾ
׹˵
׹ţǺյпԭǻ񣬿ƻôҲգ
ⲢǼ򵥵̫⣬һֵǿ߿֮ţЩãȻޱȣҹֻħӰӶûпǰ·ϼһֻħҶҪΪĵط̣
ֻħħ̽·ߣ֮ŵޱȹǱҵֶԸħ
˹˵
˹ץסħذͱô
ζʵ
Ҳ˺˹һۣЦ㣬Ϊһ࣬ܽĪңңоΣ
ҶûκθоǶ㣬ȴǺио
СӣˣħϵŮˣħΪڤ磬ҪΪħնɱĵʮŸô
Ц
׹ţڷôħҺ޹ϸܣҾԲ⵱һعֵģ
˹˵
ȴüھҪһعˣħˣ
㣬վҵĻᱻħƬ
˹˵
ϵվ˺ϣƮݵĳǶκڤеʱ⣬˹гһγһˮܣˮݣ˺ģ
ݣ
һӰԾһ㣬ǰֵļһһ˸󣬵ǵǼģȱӣ۾߰ʴǶڤڤ翴ǡ
٣֮Ż˼ЩȻɢڤȴҪڤȴû뵽Ӧǣ
ȵȣŮ˺Ǻ˹ħµֿ
ʲôµģŮ˻־ħôһǷϵʱأԣӦýɱħ»ָ
ħ¿ɲܹеģ˵ĶԣǶ
һ۵ڤ罫γĳٵͷɱɱǣ
׹Ҳǰγ泤Щڤȥ˹ǻûˮйȻһìܵϣȻ֮ҲȫûϣǰЩڤȴǲû̫ǿʵǱ׹Ǳ˺
һֶ֧ӵڤ벻ڤȻûɢ鷳ˣ
׹˵
ߣʬȫ֮󣬸Ͻ뿪ڤвǿܹƾζ׷ٵˣǴһ࣬Ǳ׷ٵĻǿΣˣ
˹һ㣬Щ΢΢ȣ㣬ʱ򣬾ɱ¾ô㱾統һ죿
ҲߣɱԽҲûоģЩڤʵЩҲ̶ãŲң
㵨Ӻܴ׹ţСӷаɣ½ߣ²֪Ҫߵ£
ǿĿܴ󣬲˹ǷڿУڤΪܹӴܳȥô
ȻнûڤĴôҷڿУҵļʣǻ٣
ðɣͬĿ˿Ҫģҵֻһˣ
׹˵
˿Ȼͻ׹һƽǸŮˣȷʵܹܳǸŮ˵֮
ǰǸʿǹŰ壬嶼ͬԴô
ʿԼԣ
׹˵
㻹ûȤ˵ڶҪѹҵļôðɣཻˣԸǲڤ
˹ڿУлˮˮƳһݣҲݵУγɵҲǷʻǵĲԶŻ֮Ҳٶȼ쳯ǰС
׹ţŰĻ֮ҵˮԶ㣬ҿɲˡ㣡
˹˵
˹ǻ֮ٷУҲ˿ʱȴǸܵڴڿʲô൱вǺܶɫŮô
Ŀ⵱ȻᣬĻ˹һƻ˹ȥ
Ҹ㣬ڿδţô
ǹճһȡ


1690 ɽ
δţ
˹ΣտĿ⻹ڶԼɫһŭ֪֪澿жߣ
ѵͲܿЦôûȤҪ֪ҿһܱյĿռأĻģ
˵
ҺûͬԣУҿҪעܵڤĻ֪ôģ
˹Ϊжô¡
ȴҡҡͷŤһԣĲͲģ˿ɱң
·յգϵľɺ̿˹ʩչˮݵеʣȻ˿̣ȴüãʩչˮݱѾҲǼӿĳ̶ȣȥǷɲԶ
û
Ǽһֲ֪ӰǽȥΣķ
˵㣬ͷһҲߣüģʲô취
㴵˿ڡ
ߣҪΪˮݵˣҾԺͻ񲻻̫ԶȻң
ţĵİ취ȻеģֻҲ㣡
ǽȥڤҵ˶Ҫ
Υҵһɣ
ҡͷ
ʲôɲɵģѵͻǸִļһһҲʿʲôԣ
İ취ǽˮСռʵ̫ˮԽСĵȻҲԽС
˵
⵹ˮݵȷЩСһ룡
ˮСһ룬ֻ˴С棬嶼Ҫһæ˵µľˣо仰һֱΪŮܲףҿɲκε
ģҶûκȤԲ岻ģ
˵ƾʲô˵ľ˵úҪһҪΪ㷴ô
ǲܷҲҪŬҵڣ
ǿӲ
񾭲
ҡҡͷҲ˵ĸо

ˮͻȻ죬˵ã¶̫ߣ»ҪˮݵС
ܲ㱧Ұɣ
㲻Ը˵
㱳ң
˵žȻֱӽ㱳ԼһԾϣʱˮݵСһ
ʵ̫ҪٷУȡҵ񣬷ĻǾΣˣ
˵
㵹ûг˹嶼ſıϣǰ˫Ħ͹˲úͺ˵
ûãͷѾð麹Ȼ֧ҪˣԸܹͷǣ
㱾ͷ׭͵͵˹ڵעȴоȻͺͲ֮ŵеķܹҵ˵лøϢ
½棬һǷ˹ɣһ˵λӦǺ˹λô
ǵģ㣬Ǹ࣡
˶Ǻɽɽû뵽ҲⳡУ
˵
ٵɽжɽȻֻɽ񣬵ǵһ㶼֮ŶԸڤȻܹ𵽲õġ
񣬿ӣҪ˥ˣ㵽ʲôˣ
ûУոնɱһڤˣЩã
˹˵
ڤ죬ûмһֻڤǵǲ㣬ҲԣŸȷҪ٣ôܹģ
ɽȻЩ㡣
Ҳ֪Ҫȥô
Ȼǿ߽֮Ŵ򿪣ЩȫսȥҪȥηأ
ɽҡͷ
оһҲڳ߸һˣȻǺǿȻҲǺãһ֧顣
ǡô
˹Ȼǵһ۾ϳ
λǺɽɽѵǺô
˶ͷ
˵ķζһ£ͷϴһܹӲӵñӣȻñרںġ
λҲǾĿ㣬һʵЩ֣ԭЩһͬУȻЩɽȻ׸
ǴĻȻᱻۣҪ֪ǿɶʲôͨĻȻʲôǡ
ԣ㻹ɣǰ·գǰضû
Ͱȫˣ
˹ʵ
һֱţǱضֳ񣬵ʱһڤϮǸǺã
ˣ߰ɣҵҲҪָܼУ
˹ҡͷ
㲻ħϲܽƿϰҪ֪ħǲϲվ˵ģ
˹һۣЩɽͺ񶼺ʶȤ뿪ˣ뿪ʱ˽Ȼʮֲ
治֪Ҹոһʱ嶯Ϊʲôѡһ뿪¹˶Ҿͻһ
˹˵
ҪĻһ֮ңǵ뷨Ǵģ
˵
㣿ȥһ˵ĻôÿŶм֣
˹۾Ŭָ
˿̣ԶȴǴһ죬ƿƤ㣬ڤϮȥ
˵꣬ǿһŴϣյϢȻĬĻ
˹Ҳ㣬Ӱ֪ԼûȫָҲûηǰڤĿ£ϵʱ˫Ѿսβ
Էֻڤǵż൱ǿսʵ൱ǿ󣬶սڤһǷźͲ˹λλɽ
˿ʣµҲֻһɽŷֿ
ɱȫɱ֪֪ڤ׺ڰ֮ţ
ɽλȻֵסķչ״ò˶þҪڤɱ
ٺ٣һλµˣȻǺɱɱħٴ
һڤ罫ȵ
ЩڰҵµһĳŲ˹˹ȥĿ׺ݣȻ׷Ź˹
˹ʩչˮȻˮɱֻڤ
Σգ
һɽȵ
ֻǿڤսһƥʴһս˹еĴȻһӣһֱӽ˹ڵأ˹³Ѫû뵽ڤսʵȻǿᣬʵͲһĶ֡
ǶҪɱˣʱħԹңɱңҲԹ޻ڣֻҪڰҫ磬ֻҪڰ
ĸͷ߾٣һĺţΧĺڰǷĸţ䣬Ѫڡ
ɽǳķȥȻǸûа취²˹Ȼ˿̣ȴһսҵĽ˺ѷΡ


1691 ظ
ɽͺź󷽿һۣȻĿǣ˿ߺšڰҫ硯ڤսѾս棬ĸͷòԴ棬ֻսҲǿ񱩵ĳķ񱼶ȥ
ʲôڤսôģһԼԼ
ѵǿУΪβ¶Ŀ

ЩڤȻ𺳣ͷĿֻһ񣬺ܿǱǺţɱ˹úڰ֮ţ
䣡
ٴη˵ڤͻȻԱѪģڤŵôŶ£ô£ѵ֣
ô죿ǿɲĶ֣ҪȻȥħȣ
һҪߣϾ˵ʵ̫ˡ
˹ҲͬվԭأȻ֪иʵڲ˭
Уħ֪ĻģǱɱ
ɱǼһԱҲȵɱ
һ֣˹
ǶŵĳŲ˹ȥȻ˿̣ڤ嶼ȼըһ㣬ȫԱ
⣬ô
ɽ˲۾ȷ۾֮ԭؾˡ

˹һĻصԭأȻǿŴϣģû㽫ּ䷢ҾǸ㣬Ҳʲô顣
񣡡
ɽһǰɫݣɽ˵û뵽ղžȻڤɱǵֵܣ㼰ʱ֣Ҳһ
յʱǻҶȥˣ
˵ˢˢɫ˵ûҪоÿʱԼѡ񣬻κһλڤ﹥ҶԥʩչˮǵģȻԼҲЩɥˣ
ǡǵô£
ɽʵ
ЩڤԱôҲ֪
ɽλ񶼽ȻЩźĴ𰸣Ϊ֪˭ڰ˵ĻǱԴϺ˳糵ʱڤҲúˣȻ뵽˹Ȼشǣֱʧ͸
ظֻȲ˹һΣû׼ڶΣҲûκλ
˶ױ˴⡣
ǵͬѾĲˣǲԣΪһǣʵЩҲǵİһʼҲǴ࿪ʼջ۵ģ
˹һʯͷͷϣҲһЩδ̬żˣô£ոμһ㻹ҪƯŮˣ
ţôˣмһأ
ˣڰɱˣǵͬ飡
ҿɲ뱻˵ƿأС㣬һ鲻ͦõô
ҡͷ
ɽͺɢ̬ЩѵΪǺһôҪΪ˹Ļ
˶Ǻͻ׹ʧˣûΪ֮ܽţ
˹ҡͷ
ͷ
ϻλҲٴУûѡУϾŲôһѵĺڰǶ¡
÷λǿ߽кڰﶼɱˣĻһ˻ȥţǵٶΣյĺܣ
ɽ˵
ҷķһĻҼڤҵһΣڤ˲Աǳ棬ħ֮ľս
ǲ֪ħ˭
˭Ҳ֪ħҲǲ˹Ķ֣ǰɣ
Ըܹƽҵ󲿶ӣͲĵˣ
˹ûȤ

һŲǰֵдȻǰЩڤĹŲأȥѾǡ
Ƭ̣ɽҲǻû뵽ôЩһˣ࣬һȥҸضȥȻĻ棬ɲϲģ
ҲԽͷ¶ӦòϲѪȵĳ棡

ȴվ󣬽ˮϣǰЩһҲ¶ĿˣǵĳֻɽΪ֮һΪڤ벻ȴһЩħȥ֮ŵеһˣ
ѵʳ壿
ǰڻʥصʱ򣬵峤طһЩص壬ʳ֮һʳǰЩһһֽʶģܿ忴ȥûвȻȴûͷȫǹͺͺģǴƤƵĿãһ˶֪ǲΪˣǵƵķ
ӦóƺΪôǣ
ǰһһ￪ڡ
ȻǲƵ˼㣬ĻҲɽΪߡ
ߣ֮ŵУѵλĵ̣
ɽм⽻ٵơ
еǾ˭ģ
Ϊ׵˳ɽȥɽҲǻһȭȭɽȻ˵ȴǷ·ƥеһ㣬ͷĳɽȥ
䣡
һɽҵĲѪĵЩһ﾿ʲôģȻֻһ
Ҳǰɽ񣬺˹ų֣ȴ˵С㣬֣˭أ
˹ȴȻԭʩչˮݣˮϡ
Ȼ˹ˮҲֻܵסһ
Էֻһˣȴֱӽɽȫڵء
㣬Ǿ˭
ɽʳ壡
ҡԼĿ⿴˹Ҫ㳤ÿǸöãҾԲΪҲߵģ
ǸɽʳصıŮԣŮԣ
㷢Щʳ˿Ų˹ĿⶼЩˣȻΪ˹ò̾ŮҲǾԲܳʳ嵱еġ
Щʳ㣬취ǰ
ɽȵ
Ƕðأԭ£
ŮԽǵأֻ֣Ҫˣֻ˽Ž֣ߵ³ʳ嵱ֻ
ŶǧҪǴǰǧҪ
ɽˡ
㣬㲢ŮԣԣҪ㣡
Ǹһָ㣬Ӱһĳȥֱӽ˹µˮݻ飬ӦȻһ̣ȴǿǼһľһվԭأеҲǳٳûٻȥ
ʲô
ѵظֳˣ
ɽͺڴĿֹһʳˣȻҪظֳ֣ЩʳȫҪ
ȻʧˣλʳȻһǻ˻һ˿̣˹ȴǽ㻤󣺡Ҳ˺Ϊҵѣ


1692 
ŮˣҲ˺ģ
Ǹһｫɫƽ٣˹ȷҪĻҲЩĪѵԼôôܹöԷ˲ı⡣
˹ûע⵽ʳ˸Ͳٿ㣬ͷߵЩǰò˹עѶԽţǱ˴˵ɫѿƺʲô
ιոŵ˰ɣܳŮԣҿ־һأ
˹ļʾҪ£ûа㺦µӣҲЩʧ䣬ͺ˶ԷһæԷûаں˼
Ҿ˧Ҳͦģأ
˵
˹˳Ŀ⿴ȥǸΪ׵ʳѾߵɽͺıϣ˽һĿİĿ־壬붼룬ҵԼͷϣɡ
඼ԷŹѵͲϷŹЩ
˱ԼȫˣϾǿ㶼Ź˰ǵУȻҪǿϲֹһȼȻǰλʳ˫׹䣬ѷûɱŭȫйϡ
񣬲ԭȥɣ
Ǽһ
ɱң񣬺ˣң
Ǹŵð
˹ʩչˮֱӻʳ죬ȻǸںˮһ㣬ȻһӣǺĲӣͷ­˳ȥʳ˽ͷ­ס
ɽһ񾪴ˣ˹Ҳһ£˸ȥǰΪʲôǲŮô
ǿɲŮԣˣΪһȣʳʹ֣
˵
˼ǣֻŮ࣬ܲ
λԴһƲһۣɫ΢Ļţ˵ô⣡
Уǽɱˣʱֿڤֻ֣Ҳɱǵģ
˵
ŮǧҪԼ鷳УȻŮԣǺ㣡
ȵȻȥ㣬Ȼ޷˵ľ
ûаҪ뷨ճͷų޴ҪһƽƿʱһӰȴ߳λŲƫһ㣬պñܿһ
ͷվԣҲȣСѵδ֪ô֪ԷҪ֣Ǹ˵
Ŷ˼ո˯̫ˣûгԶ
ԭǵڶ֡
˵Իʲôʱˣ㻹ųԣҲգʹҲ޷ʱ䲻ӣ
Сӣǰȫˣǻأ
ɽ˵
ţǲô
ôˣҲĺòãոûˣȥԴͷɳȥˣ
ɽ־˵
㺦ôǱ߲иضôȥͷͿѪȵһˣҵأ
㣡
ɽȵҲŲѴ࣬ãǲɱ࣬Ļƨˣ
꣬꣡
ʳ˵
ɽŵ۾ˣʲôôһС˵а䆪£嵽Ǹضϣͷ˵ǲǾͲɱҰ
Ļھ
ݣ
ɽ˽ȥֻ¶һԴ
ɽ񣬿ƽʱûɽ
㲻һЦ
Сӣʲôϵƾʲôģ
ʳõѣ԰ɣ
ţǵ
ͷ
˹վڱҲĿɿڴû뵽ʳ쾹Ȼת֮죬һʼ˵Ҫɱô֮ǵɱ㣬Ҫ
⡭ȫ߸˲˹ۣ̫˼ˣһྐྵȻ
ңҡ
ɽ¶ı飺үոնС˵Ĵ治Ӧһֱ㣬Ҫ֪ұҲǴɽġ
ɽ˵һϴĻȴҡͷҿɲϲͬˣ
׼ɣ
ʳȵ
ȵȣ㣬ЩѡǷŹںڤս֪ġ
Ϊܰﵽʲôæô
˵
һˣһΪ˱ҾȹĶòã
˹˵
С㣬ЮͼһֲõΪأ
Ҫ
ðɣǣ
˵
ɽͺظһ㣬һֺڰ翴һ˿㣬ȴǷûƹǡ
ʲô
һƲôߺߣʲôʸƲǣֻǸֻ࣬Ϊʳ巢Ҫ൱Ѱˣģ
ʳ˵ƬֵоʳĵˣĿǰڤ˶ûҵǵһǿʱţʳһȳϣȻǸĻҰ˹һǣ
ɽͺΪСˣ֪ڰ˹˩أǿ˿ܣȻǲŽʳأڤĴֻ·һ
߰ɣԹˣǵù
ɽļ
Ҳǵͷ˶Ͳ˹ʳƬ̵֡
ֿȥ󣬷˿ʳ˻ʳȫֵлŲڿӡ
ЩĺƯ
˹˵
ʳ˹˵еķݶӴƹǹηҲܽݴɢλҲֵһƯݣһֻ˯棬ǿûʸһУ
ܱסǲˣɽʹ˹˵Ҳκη
ʳûʲôŮ԰һûпأ
˹˵
ʳûŮԣ
ûУôأ
˹ɻҪ˵ʳҲٵģҪû˷ܺôء
㽫˹һȥ㲻֪ʳɻô
Ҳ֪ʳûŮôܰѵǿһ
˹˵
֮ʾͶˣ
˵
˹ͷ˹Ѿ߳ҲǺȥ˹ûں̸еһУһݸˣȻͳȥˡ
ɽͺ񱻰˹һ٣ǲܽݵģҲһίǲұ
㿴ɣ⣬ֻһݸǣ
˵
ܹкҲ԰˭֪ʳСӰ
˹ҡͷ
˭㣬ӵģ
˵ô統УֻܺŮһô

˹ͣ㲻ңǶʯͷĳİɣ
ðɣҸ㣬ʳ˶Ǵͬ壬ϣǶġ
㻹δ˵꣬˹Ŀ


1693 ѽ
ȵȣ˵ʲô˵㰡Щʳ˶Ǵͬ壿⣿
˹о۶Ҫٵˡ
ţǰ˹ԱȻԣʵϣҲܹӵģȻΪ峤죬϶ǻӵģ
ʳ嵱а𣿡
˹
ȻУôûУèܲ飡
ˡ
ˣⲻ֣ԺҲˣ
˹˵
̸ţɽͺҪһӳʳ塣
ֲ̫ˣҿʳﵱǶĵĲҪ³ˣʲô簡ʳѵͬѹŮԣ
ԭΪǻӵ㣬ҲǸ֮أڿ뿪ΪĻĹﵱŮԸǿǵòʧ
ʳɣ

ҹĻ٣˹һЩɵĲȸͲ˹ǲ֪ǲΪʳķ⣬˹ֻƷһ㣬ǷŵһߣûмԵ˼
ݣ
˹һŻ汻ϿУ˲ΧݵжǱһãЩʳ˶ȥ
ߣ㣬Ҳȥ
ʲôÿģʳеĻѽڣÿ¶һΣ
ѽǸİ
ѽʳеϰףЩʳ˹ֶụǿһֻ󡭡󣬷㲻Ҫ֪ģ
Ȼǵķܷʽ̫ϿɣѽڵģҪȥ
㻹ûֹ˹ǴӴڷɳȥˣҡҡͷС椴ۿ϶Ҫٵ˵ģ

յбʳ˹ִٴŻľľڿбһŹĻ棬ľ̫࣬Щܹάֺܳʱһ
Щʳ˹ֶۼһոձɾĿյ֮ϣվˣǵЩ˹ϵ໥࣬Щ涥һֻʳ˹ֵƨɡȻʳ峤˹ڿյʱ˶
ֿǣֻǣֿ֣ʳһֱ֮ŵУֻ֪λǿ߲ܽǣǣʳǲҪκ˵ģƬ֣ƬǵصУȻԼ壬ԼΪǿģ
ǿǿ
Щʳ˹ֶǷһ
ѽڣʳ嵱ҪĽգѡǿսʿʱ̣ȻǰһֻǿǸսʿӵõĻ򣬲ʳ己Ϣǿʢ˥
˹վԶ˹˵ĻѵʳǿǸһܹѡκһʳ˹ֽн䣿
찡
ôܻ尡
ţܣʳ˵򵥵һ飬Ҳܹһֱڵԭÿ˵壬صĴڣÿ˶ܹ֮ӣ
˹죬ǿսʿܹκһλˣܹλͼܵļһؽݣʳĻںúñŷһ
ɽͺ񣿡
˹˱Ŵȥʳ˹ֶ˺ѷεĺţȻһ̣ѽڵѾﵽ㡣
ʿǣŵƻʧ֮ǰеǿսʿɣ
𣡡

˹˳ȥ峤ȨѽڵģĻ峤Ҳǵһᱻ̨ġ
棬˹ǿյصҳһţȫǳ˫ȭûһͳȻֽյǻᱻֹġ
ûãһʳ˹ֵʬǱ˳ȭ˺ͽˣ۾ȵĵ˳Ҳ̶á
Ҷ˵㲻ϲģȻĺèô
˵
ô֪ôѪȱһĻ㿴ǸȻѾŵû赹ȥˣ찡ȥҶҪˣ㣬ҪҪ뿪
˹˵
µʱɲǲ뿪أ
㿴˿ȻȼյЩľ
˿̣յصѾвʳ˹ֱ˳вȥˣ˹վǽЩȫգʳ統У߾ųı֣ǲֵصġ
ľδȫ꣬Ѿһǿߡ
Ϊʳ˹ֶ߷ɳȥֻվڿյأվ
ʳǿսʿ
ԣʿʵʳȫˣǿսʿڽһµʱ䵱УңҲֱӷԸʲôΪǿߣ
˹ȵ
峤ǿսʿǲܹѡκһ˽н䣿
ǣΪĻǿģֻǵһܳʢ˥
ֻҪ㣬˹峤

£
˹θ˼㣺Щʳ廹Ⱑ峤ô
ʱ˹ҲصͷһȥݣҰ˹һûһӣǽ֮󣬱ı䣡
𣡺𣡡

Ҳҵģ
ҿֵܣѰΪ˯˱ЩһＦûʹôһĺòã
ɽŵȫ֪ͲҪӳʳ壬ûƬֳȥ㱻ץסˣ룬ǿЩĵļһ潻۾סˣڳֵǣԼܿҪϽݵнˣҲ룬ЩĵļһＦ飬һôʹĵ飡
ǵľջҵģ
λǿսʿ
ɽͺȥֱӽ˿ڼϣ󲽳ȥһȺʳ˶ڿš
ҪҪֹǰ̫ðɣ
ֹ𣿳㶥ǣ
˵
ˣҲԼҪӳȥ鷳޹أԸǸʳ˹ܹ㣡
ͷİɣǴͬĴڣʳǺǿңǷҲǿ
˵㣬ô֪ôʳ鰡Ҳ֪ǲǴСﳤ󰡣
ҡҡͷǿ˿յϿյЩȼյӣЩӾͿȼˣƹҲǿҪȥ
ʹү㰡ﻹǳأ
ɽ񱬷˺ѷε
֮󣬺ҲǺ˳εĻԸ㰡Ƕ
һӣλǿսʿʳȫ˵Ļ˳ļȻɽͺǲûг壬ܹϡѪ
ѵҲеһε˵𣿡
ţʳ˹ȻǷǿǣǵıǮȴʮ㣬˿϶ǾջУˣ
˵
Ǯ
˹Щ˼Ŀһ棬ָָ˵
ţһһûľͱȥĸܰɡӦܹΪʲôѪ۾ΪʲôẬĸ˰ɣ
ָһűƻҪֵľȻţ˹Ŀɿڴʱע⵽еľȼˣ˵ʳĿӦҪˣȴǵĽǺڰ


1694 
ôô˵أǻȻˣҰ˹峤ỹҪʳ˹ͬأ
˹ûиоΣյ١
ҲúͣʵҪ߲˹Ҳ׾١
ɽͺʳ˹ˤڵϣ˻϶ϴ棬һţɽ˵Ϊʲô㣬ѵ֪ʹô
˵ҸոջΪΣһ֪Ѫ̫ˣ
ԺʳūˣʲôʱҪǣǾҪǵ壡
ʳ˹˵
˹ҲǺȵ´ٸֻ·һ
ǰ˹峤أѵҲ뿪ô
˹ʵһ̶ȥˣٴȥ˹Լۻĳġ
ǣ
˹һ㣬æ˵ʳѣȻܹ뿪ǲУǳҹɫҪ룬ԭǲʳıֻ֣ū
ˣǰ㲻֪ո汻ĥʲôӣҸҷģһйӣ
ɽ˵
ӣ
Ȼӻطɵ֪Щʳ˹ֵǺǿҲû뵽쵽̶ȣҪ֪ǰȥҲһӶѣټЩһǷȷǺǿֻҪȥˣȫõҲʹ˿Ƿʱĳ̡
ȹļһöˣͼǵǰδǻͷ켣ڸҹܻʱ򣬵ʱм׵ĸڰᵱеһС㣬ȫԹŵſɳϣͦȥ˭й˭ʧһйĸ֪ȫǮ
Ȼ㲢ǸֻΪڸڳ裬һǺ죬֮иѸġ
ŲԶĺ񣬺ˤͷƤˣ˵治ӦɽӳȥҪһӶԸھȥ
˹Ҫڣʳ˹Ԥ⵽ʲôһüͷãֵдδ֪ˣ
֮УȻһֻֻſѪڵĺɫǸͷȻ󣬵鼯һȴ˵սľ
˵ڤţˣôѪ϶ڤӣ
ͣ
ʱһľٵҲǴ½ϵĽŲκһʳ˹ֶԽԽ죬Ű
ôģ
ЩȼŵľģЩʳҲǵù⼸֮Ÿոմ򿪣ýѽڣ֪˻᲻ᵽ
˵

˹֮ѪҲ˫ۣڤʲôʳ֮ǿĴڣǸոѡǿսʿԻڤ
ʳҲ˺ѷεĺš
ֱӽеЩѪֻЩѪ𸩳ǶſѪſȻʳԴҧȥ
˹㶼վһԣ˹˵ô죬Щʳ˹ȫҪˣ
սвɱģ޷ı䣬ھǣ˵Ժ󻹻һ֧ǿľȥǣ
˵
˹ı飬ҲǾһǱһƵãȻûаĲǸоҪǿ󣺡Щʳ˹ֶ˵Լһֱ֮ŵУ֮Ǿǿоںϣܴ򿪵磬ôܻһֱ棿
ܼ򵥣ֻǾǿߵһϷˣ
㵭˵
ȻûмǿߣǸһܹһΪһٳ޾ԭ磬ȻһĿռ䡭֮ţȻһռ䣬ռ䵱УʳĹ壬ԶǾǿԼģ
һҲǸ۾٣ûнڲٵļˣ

ȻܹɱһЩʳ˹֣Щʳ˹Ҳǵ֮Ҫ֪һ˹ܹ֣Ҳõʳʵ̫
ѪҲûѡǷ˳ȥڿУ̱ʯһ۾Щʳ˹֣ȻֻҪд⣬ḩǵͷ­ߡ
ٵֵڤҲ֣ųǧˣǧٹ֣һȴǲ࣬Ǿǵȫͬһ㣬ʬͬǸõֻһ֣ͷ۾Сȣ塣
ȻЩڤﵱлһЩʶļһȻĳԱЩһȻǲǵʱЩ
㵱ʱ󣬲㽫嶼ˣҲȥˣûҪ˶֡
Ϊ׵ڰֻʴķֻӴ󣬵ûа⣬ֻйǼܣֻҲŭʳ˹֡
ħĻͲˣ
˹˵
Ǿ˵ħϲô
ϲ飬ҶûаоȹҼΣǷģҪҵϣһһ
Ҫأ
л

ʲôˣļһ
һڰȵ
ΰʳ壬ôﲻ
˹ȵ
źߣֻˣƨ滹ѪôЩʳĿζڤ绹Ҫذ
ǻٵǵļ԰ŵ˵ô
˹ŭ
ô֮ţֻΪһʹ˳ɱưڰ磬ЩҰˣΪܹô
ΰʳ壬ɲҰˣ
Ŷʳ壬ҿʳջɣɱЩʳȫɱ⣬Ȱħ¿·

ȵȣ
ɽͻȻڵ
ѵԲɣ
ֻǷ·
·ߺߣôܽ˵ǣ
ûǴ󲿷˵䣬֪
ɽ˵
ߵĺҲһû뵽ɽȻҪ񹩳ȥ
˹ô
ħ¾ΪǸŮ˷ģڣǶûܺħ»غϣǸŮˣһҪץģ˵
˵ˣǾͿԲɱô
ǵģֻҪǺ˹䣬ڤˣڰϴ嵱еĹȻ˺Լˣ
õģ˵˵˹ڡ
飡
ɽոҪ˵䣬ߵĺȴһƻԴ
Ǻˣڣʳ嵱ܾĥҲǲ
˵
㽫ɱˣȻ֪ضҲ֪䣡
ȻǲὫٸǵģǷ·
ȵ
Զ˹һĻ˵ЩڰĿľץңҸǳȥĻЩʳ˹ֶ
Ҫô
ʵ


1695 ȵ
ǲϽǣȴģǱڰԶɣ
Ÿʴĺڰȵ
ڰҲź
Ȼ¶־֮ɫȻҡͷʳ屬յѾĨȥİ̺ۣԸھȥ
ʳūҪɱҪҰ˹ͬͬ⣡
ҰǣǺܿͻһˣԸ޾ĺڰлͱջ
ɱЩҰȫɱһ
ŸʴļһеĳڤҲõһ㣬Ҫʳ˹ɱȥ
ע֮ΰһսΪ棬֪ʳ
˹ȵ

Ҫȥǣ
һ£
ȵ
˹Ҫ˦ұۣȴǿյͽȻһӰ˹ʶɢȥܹоеЩһˣ
Ҳ֪˻
˲ɵӣڤ˾ȻܿеĻ⣬Ϊʲôǿ
ţлٴļ󣬿ʳĻѽڵǳΪڤ翪սĵ
˹˵֪ûУ

ʶˣ
˹ʵڵǾЩأĻҲϵЩ˻
ĴԸ
ֻࣿ
˹Դɵʵ
һ˧࣡

һӰʳ嵱У߰ʮǿŶڤҲ¶֮ɫǵĳȻҲʹ÷žҪһս˲Ȼֹˡ
ŽֻܳԵҰˣû뵽ֳôҲǺڰٵʱ̣
ЩڤĿⶼ쳣ȡ
ЩڤﶼЩʲôʳ֮ŵеԭʼ壬ǽǵļ԰ȫٻҪɱ¾˲̵ΪҲڤܸɵó
һλȵ
ǣǻǶӵԼİΣƾڰʴǣҪãǻʱЩҰֻعô
ȷʮλǰڤ˵ֵһᡣ
˵ûЩȷǰѾϵڤ˵ţһëǣǲҪǣеĻޱȾңֻҪǽ֮ŵͲûпģһźŵһ㣬ô½½ֵ᳹ϣҲ֣ʱ򣬺ڰܷڻһʺţ
źߣˣ˼ڤɵɵȺĹȫһʼһսδҲ̫߹еĵλ˰ɣ
ʴϵڤЦţеĳָ񣺡ôʱ˿̣ڤĶԹɣ

ʴɫ棬Щڤ統ǿĵػЩУ˻ܹԵֿЩֲĵػκһˡ
γ֮ڿУ֮ס˲ɫĵػ𣬲мλԷĵػֱ
ճɻҽ

־
УΪλλԼλ
Ƿŵսλʵ
ǿµķڤ統ֲľĻĵػɱǿλξ񶼻ᱻػֱɱλˡ
ƿػżǿĻԶԷĵػŶûκв
ˣߵƻС˲٣ǶûԮܾܿǵڡ
Ļһ޷סôǵʵһǸ߹ˣ

㣬ǵסڤģȥǶܻ
ǵ˧˧
񾭲⣬˴Ÿֿ˭ģһɫ磬˹ݵҲһģţҾȻش⣬治֪ǲ⣡
˹ҡͷУҲԴȥˣѾ˼λȥǶҪ⣡

ôΰǣһ仰˵ôǲǵ˵̫أߺߣǶ仰ʱ䣬ûǸҪˣ
Ļõػǣ

ţҪץң޹أ
һӰѸֳڿУ˹ɫʹ˿һţʹеĿⶼϡ
˹ҿǼǵ㣬ϴħ¾Ϊҵնɱˣ۾ûգһ£ҵʱҪΪǱǷ
˹ڸǲǵĶ֣
˵
ǲǻȺԮģõİ취Ǵң
˹˵
һжĻ棬ֻ˲ˣΪһ˾ܻ˵ô
Ҳò˵̫߹Լˣ

ҵ˹ݣǼɫûлٻֻһ㣬ҳܹڵϼһֿЩڰģⶼҪˡ
ҪǣԼҪһγ˵ˣԶжԳֵľ棬ֿ紩ã¶һ˿ЦǻͷҪ۽֮Ȼаţڿڤ֮Ĵսû̫ϵϾԱڵħҲǱ۵Ķ֣
ˣȥȵɣ

˹ԭΪԼʣڤ˻Źˣȴû뵽Էû뷨ȻܴҲ׼ʱͶԷһս
ĻǰһУ
ϵĺڰһȵ
ֻĻԴ׼˹ǱӵϢһɫĵػ

˹ȥеĻ֮ҪЩɫĵػȫն𣬵ֻնһС֣Ĵ󲿷ֵػ滹ǳŲ˹ӿȥ
飡
ػ쳣ǿܹһУλػҲҪҷڤǶΪɣ˵жȥϾǸħŮˣֻҪˣħͻٴλָ׳־´ڤҫ
ȻǰһУˣ
˹ĸڿУ۾ûбϣȻղһ˲䣬¸ҵŵػ棬û˿¡
߶һˣϴһɫ磬еȣֻܴŵĸֿеĿһ˫ӣʹӵзųɢĿ⣬Ҳ˿ڸǲǳưһİ
ûκվں˹ǰЩػ棬ȻǱġ
£
ֻһεĹߵȺдһ


1696 ð
ڵˣµˣЩڤˣһܹɱֻĻ
һЩѾʼǲ㲻Լ۾֮䣬˭ܹסֻĻĵػأ
Ĵ൱ϣɫ磬ɫֿû˻ϴġ
˹ĿҲȣѾ˱ɵ׼֪ǰֳһӰӰ漣һĽػȫˡ
ʵϾûпǰװ磬˹Ҳֻ֪ܵĻĳҲֻħˣ
Ȼ
Ļϵĺڰ˵
Ȼĳ֣ʹô˿̵ľƳ˷츲صı仯
ԭžʵȫɱڤͲ׷Ҫ֪ħؼǿĴڣȻ˾ǿߣʵܹɱֻĻ

ֻһۡ
ȻһһֻڰӷˤΪˡɱ֣ҪͬĻһˣ
һ֣кڰͷûκָӵȫٷУΪѸٵġ
£Ϊβնɱǣ
ǵĿģħδ֣ɱ֮أ
˵ļǣǵĿǶԸħֻҪɱڤƣ
ţ
£ҪȥѰħô
˶µӰʧǰ
ôֵֹİȻһԵˡ
˹˵

㽫ɫͷȫ˵ϣһ𣺡㣬һﾹȻðңͦģǻﰡҪпޣûʱζһˣ
ҪǵĴŵ߱Ϊʲôǰϲɫ磬ɫֿˣ
ᰡѵ㲻ô
ðɣӦüǵ֮ŵзһ˰ɣ
Ȼ췢һڷʲô飬㻹Լȥܰɣֻ˵еȫһһ£ҿٹþҪǳˣˣȥˣ
һȻۣ߱
ҡҡͷѾܲʶˣȻȥˡ
˹ҲǴӲԶֳ˵㣬ո㿴û£ֱӽڰȫˣߺߣⳡսʤ
ȷʵ˧
ͷ
ǣ쵹Ǿֵֹģûʲô뿪ˣӦȥѰħˣֻҪɱħڤͳ׻ˣ
˹˵߰ɣȥˣںʳ彻棬ʳؿǲˣƬֱڤＸȫٻˣȥҪؽ԰ˣ
˸ϵʳ˹ڵλãںʳ峤˹㣬Ҳ˵ոûӰΪأΪ֮ŵΨһ࣬Ӧ浽һ̣
ļЦЦ
ЩڰбӦǲǺùģǵļ԰Ҳһٴؽ
˹˵
˹峤ᾡ콫ڰȥԶʧ֮ţ
Ըʳȫ˰磡
˹ͷ
ʳ˺Э飬ȻҵĿҲһ£ڰȫɱ
ڷеĵƻ½½ٵҲǴԶǵȻǿڵ֪ո³һڤҲǼĺܣ²ս
յУѾĿ⵱н͸ż㣬Զ
˹һЦݣǿʵλЩڤ޷סǣѳֻ֣ҪҵħǾܳڤˣ
㿴ź˹ǰ˷ܵģҲû뵽廰˼ʱյַɼλȴ˺ۣǳҵ
ǣ
ʵ
׹ţħˣ
¸ոҲˣӦȥˣ
ûɱǣֻǽ˹ħͨ죬˵ǲὫȫնɱ
˵
ʲôǸħȻҴʴʣΪ²ᱣô
Ǹһʵǿҿò˶þͻҵǾûп񣿡
˹
˵
һۺ߼˵˶˸ϣ˹ǸǲħҲҪ
Ϊʲôܹħɱ
˹ȵ
Ѿˮ֣ǰûҪŹ˼һƱǽˮݻ飬ʩչס˹
ȼλҲǳ˹ʲô˼ѱôħ׸ʲôô
ħûиǺôʩչħû˹ȥǾҪ
˵ǶӦħ޼ħж
޼ħܹٿ˵¶޷ƽ⣬˵˵ǻʲô취ץס˹
ǣԲ˹ȥȡǵƽôҺΪѾ׺ܴˣ
˭֪ħ˹ôȥ˺˹أ
ɫң˲Ϊҿɲһط
޷ֹǣ
еĲҲûжȻⳡ
ҲǴ߲˹ģ
ȴǺȵ
ߵļȻǿͻϵ֪ȴûκȴ
ˣ鷳أ
㵭Ц
ôЦĳǱץˣ˭أ
˹˵Ǿȵ찡ϵô⿪ģ
ߣڻ£ʱ̾Ȼ죬󣬲һܹ֮Ż˹ˣ
ȵ̯һƣΪѱԼסˣû뵽˹ϾȻܼˮݣ
ȻǱƽˣ
ƾ⼸һ޷ƽҵ˭˭Ҫԣб¾վǹĶԸң
ſкȵ
յӦ
ߣһȺҵСˣܲƽҵļһСӰɣ
Ц⣬ٴγ˹ѣһв˹ˮݣȻЦȴȻֹ
ôܣҵˮݶ޷ô⣬ܣ
ȵ
ҵˮʲôʱôǿˣ
˹Ҳһãӷϱ⿪һ̣ЩˣȻи֮ǰڴֵڰԱ飬͸Ӿˣ
飡
ٴλһȻȻˮݻ⣬ˣ˭ģҾͲҵʧ飬࣬Ҳ˶ã죡
ֻΪ࣬ҪȥǲЩ
һֱûг㣬ҲͲסˡ


1697 ǲ
㣬ǳһв֪նɱ˶࣬㲻ҪĻҶܱס㣡
ȰĻ嶯
Сӣǰǲμӹսģɱˣ඼Ҫ࣬ҲԣҪˣ֮ǰûʲôпҪĻǻźأ
Ц
Щ˾ôɱûҵǸǿ˱ɱЩСǿıµ˿ɼ
СӣȻ˵ǿ㣬֪˭ڱ󵷹Ļͽɱˣ
ôܹϵ⿪ܹˮǿܶԸô
˵
㣬ʲô˼˼˵ֻɱɱ޸֮࣬ҶԸǿ
ѵô
˹˵б£ȥħô
İΧļܻ˵񣬱ǷϻˣֱӺɱСӣһֽˮˣ˭赲ǣ

ҲǺȵĵһ׵磬˹ȥ˹׼֪˿̣ͷų׵羹Ȼĵըѳֱ۶׵ըϡ
ѪӿѪһƬ

ұ۵ľȫסɫ԰ףͷǺˮѪģĺɫֱۡ
ߵļŵõսľǣʲô
Ǹ࣬й
ҧ˵
㣿
ҲǶ࿴һۡ
Ȼأոҿûиоʲôرľٶ
˹ȴǾòΪ
еЩڳЦĪԼѧδʩչ׵֮˰ɣھȻԩһϣǿЦ
ûпֲ̫ˣħһһħҪֲ
սս˵
˰ɣֻһֻ࣬ѣ
ұʧһ첲ǣǿȥɱ
ָ߼λ
ȻŷΪһĻʵ̫ĿģڶЩ£Ͳ
ߣ֣඼ô
һ·⴫
̧һۣɫӰȴڿֳɫ磬ɫֿȻ
£
е
˹ȴЩ벻ף²Ÿո뿪ֻˣѵǷʲôô
ܹ֮ͺˣǾ͸޷ˡ
ҲһۣһﵹװᣬɺɫƮڣڿУһ߷緶
һ۾Ϳ˵ϵĶԳ֣ĿͣǼ˿޼ħ
ǣħ޼ħӣ
˵
ţܴұжϣǱסˣ
˵
ʲô£˵ʲô˼Ҷһ첲ѵǺ²ɣ
ȻǺ£޼ħħǿ񹦣壬Ӵ֣Կ޼ħֻܹѪҺȻֻСѪҺȻܽ޼ħĶֻзųѪЩѪҺеĶų
͵㷽Ŷ첲ѪҺ޼ħĶҲȥԣ㲻ٵıħɱˣ
Ȼø
˶
֪Ѫİ취Կ޼ħ֪취
ʵ
ң
Ͳ֪λشֱǱ׵ըѣ֪øŲԶʼմЦ⣬һСйأȻСӿֻ࣬һ˺ǿʼղ׶ԷΪʲôɱըһ첲ڵ޼ħųȥȻ⡣
ˣǴһأǼΪβŰ취ȥأ
һ첲ʲô
£㷽˵ֻҪѪܽƳô
ǣСѪУҪƣĻģ
˵
ţһ첲ҲǸ첲ǲŲ뵱۴أ͸϶öɣ
Ǽ˶˴ȵĶһѪĴȸ˳
⼸һﲻжϸ첲ܾԼһǿˣ
ȴ뵽ȻǲǼ˶ܽƳڡ
ࣿ
Ŀ⿴㣬ͷҲЦ죬һ
ĵ㵱Ȼ죬
£㣬Ȼֻ࣬㣬ºڰ
ţ˹ûв´ĻǾҪ°߻ȡɣ
Сֻв˹һü
˹ҳ
ȴǻͷһĿɨϣŵһ£ԽԽң˵£
׹ţ
˵Ը㲻˵ЩĵĶҪҷŹ񣡡
׹ֻɻΪθߣôֻˣѵħˣ
ʵ
ˣ
ĵһ˵ȻǽҴˡ
ߣ
²ף׹ţΪ˵ѵҸոô

ǻһ𾪵Ŀ
ҲǾЩ̫ԾǺȵ׹ţô£һľȻң
£㣬ڤΪλᱻˣ
˵
ڤˣ
ʵʳĻѹâҫˣЩڰڹеģӦ˼һǣ
ѵô£
ȻǣҸոջʳǧѵзô
ҡͷȷոտҳˣˣ
еЩȫһ𾪣ǴӲһΣȴǲòˡ
ɫ磬ɫֿ£ѵﻹ˴װô
˻Ҵһ
¸ΪȣҲ֪Ǹһﵽ˭һңߣ֮ŵԽԽ˼ˣ³ħ˴ڣ
ʲôǲ£
ôأһ磬һĸֿҲడ˵䣬Ŀͺܹɱһ㣡
Ҫҳ˵ѵ˵˱»Ҫǿϵ£Ҳֻоǿ߱ǿһ֣˾ܳԽģ

£˭أ
׹
˹Ҳһɻ󣬲ٴζӵʱȴȻ֣ͫ׺ð¼һģһ֮ǰδϸ㣬ȻҲǲһӣ赭дı飬ӾЩ˷룬һΪһֱԼ˫ǲƭ˵ģǲ


1698 Ӱ
Բ˹Ŀûκܣ֪ԷڻԼȻǺɫֿûн۾סϤ˶Աͫף׾ܿǸðƻˣǣðƵĿɲǱˣֻһ࣬ޱС࣬ݶԱȣǱܹȷðҲŵġ
Ͼ߸Ͳһġ
һֱңѵͲô
˵
ˣһģֻ۾Щˣ
˹ҡͷ
㲻ỳҰɣ
ûˣʵҸͲӦûģЩڰԱһºڰ֣Ȼ㲻ֻһƽˣ
˹˵㲻ٿ㣬ǽĿϣҲ˼ô£ȻҲ׷ʲôǿߣ벻ڶһˣ
ţڤ磬ҲֻʵðˣֻǣʵĿҶɵʲôأѵǰаһѣ
˼ҶҪｫڤﳹ׻
ڴʱյУһӰӹЩڿӰʱ϶ǼΪ־壬Ȼܵ˵ĳ֣ȵħ֪˶ϵʱˣ
ҿɲ㣬һ׷۷壬ǵ͵İɽˣֻܹò˹ңǽڤ磬ҶĸԸ
ǵӰͣͣɫ磬˧յĪһаϢ˫ֽ˫ϣһµ̬
ˣ
ЦħģȻûκα仯ȻǿħСʱ䵽ӣҲûа㾪ˡ
ħ㣬˵Ҹͷ
˹˵
˹Ȼۿһ£϶⼸ŻҵĹ
ħĿȻһ䡣
û뵽ǣһ̣ߵ⼸޼ħȻһ˲֮ȫԱѪ쭳һϡ
ţȻһûȻնұۣƳǺܴ
ħЦţļһûкõ³統еɱԣͷ㣬ֻбɱˣ
ס֣
˿Ҳǳ֣һħӰҲǴƾʧԭء
һ̣ȴǱһʹĽ
ĿʱѱϺȻȥ
ħҺսʹɣ
˵ʵ治÷绨ѩµļһսȻ֮ŵУһҪ
ħȵ

㣬üʲôôоܽŵӣڿʲôأ
˹Ŀһֱգյʲôһ㡣
ǿߵ
ǿߣѵħҪǿ
˹˵ˣථʲôǿأǿǿߣȻϣħҲڤǿߣ֪ô
ȴǿüͷĸˣƽʱʲôһ赭д̬ǴδĹκ飬˵δ
Ȼʱ飬ǾЩ֡
ˣ
﷢졣
ˣʲôˣ
˹գֻ˿յгһĨɫĹâĨâֵʱҪֿһ㣬Ĩ׹Ǿѹһ㣬ֱӽеЩѹء
ˣ
ʳ峤˹ȵ
Щʳ˹ֶڻš
ħ˿ҲңվţĿⶼ䣬ǲ֮ϡ
䣡
һɫ״ǰ׹⵱ֳ׵ĵһ˲䣬ӷ·һ㣬ôҲ벻ɫ׺ӵеһޣܸܳеǵǿ
аΪ統ʩչףѾ۷켫벻ֻǱ죬ָʵҪǿס
Ҫǵ׾׷ָһı鶼ޱȾ͵ģ˭Ҳ޷뵽˿̵վȻ
Ҫֳ룡
˶ȵһ㣬һ̣ķֳ룡
պұջǵɫ봦
찡ʲô磬նֿˣ󣬻Ϊ
֮ž᲻𰡣ѵҪͺڰͬھô

Ǿǿߵʵô
㰵
ħҪʱʶѾеһżǿڿг֣ټɫ׵ĳ֣Ȼ֪ǸһǾǿߡ
û뵽ôǰľǿ߾ǿʵȻܹ˺ѣ֪ڵһռ
һʱ֮䣬ѪҺĿӼ㣬ȻǺָʵǾǿ߽һ


һƺյųɫȻ߹ϣҫޱȡ
ƺֻڿţûе䵽ҲоȣҲڴޱȡ
˺飬ȫը٣˶ȥ
ҲڻǷֻ֮ŵеΪЩʳ˹ֵϺѿκα˵ĵطǱϾԭʼ˲ô
ȻҲڴƺ֮Ķһжǰ档
һڴƺֳֻһӰֻһӰӣûбĿ
ǿߣ
ħԾȻҲûƱԻ
ڳˣ
˵
ǵӰվƺ֮Уһɫףȥҫ
ڤĶԹԾãоںϣ֮ţҪڤĶԹ׻⣡
ӰȻ졣
ħ飬һһˣȻĺȴǶûа˼Ͷϣ±ͲҪһˣ
Ӱ˵ǽǻɱģǽһϷ
Ϸ
ħɫһ䣬ȻǽϷⲻϷˣô
һֻڼ˵ϷϷ֮ǽõĳ˯У
˯ǧ֮ã
Ӱ˵
˸ҷӰ˵Ļ
˶֪Ǿǿߣǻ嵱صĸ֣Ҳؼ䳬ԽħĴڣ
ûʵ
ֻұֵģʸƺˣǶϷȤĻֻʹǿֻҪõҵϿɣܹȥ
Ӱ˵

ħ
˵ӰҲ˲ƺУǾվںӰԣźӰڷ·޾ĺǾǿҪŪǣҲ޿ɵֵġ
˹׹ţ䣡
ݣ
ӰУվƺ֮С
ɭˣʿĪ
ӰԶǿ˲ǵõĳٻһ㡣
վƺУ𾪣ǲҿΪǶ֪ǺӰǾǿߣɣҲ˵
¹ڤ
źӰʧӰҲٴνƺ


1699 Ϸ
ˣҪҵıЩˣǽ汾Ϸ½ڰ磬Ȼ˶˯
Ӱ˵
һ£
˵ȻϷǺܸȤпҪŮˣϷ֮УӦһݣ
ţ㣿
˹ȵĿ㣬ΪȻӰӰһķƺԼԡ
ô£һôô˺õ֣
˹ɻ
Ŀһ࣬Ȼӵ֮ϷִƺȻ˲̫⡣
ӰµĿһۣ֪˭ȷʸϷ
ʸ񣿡

ҲҪƺ
Ҳǣ
һӰִƺȻǵĽŸողƺϣϻδü¶ЦݣǿʼԱ
飡
ȫˡ
⡭
Ҷˡ
˵ֻҵ㵽ֵʸƺǱϿɵˣٸôƺֻ·һ
˸˵
ǼжһɻǾΪʲôǿϿ㣬ʵӵ֮ϷƺҲǿòã
ҽ
Ӱ˵
ǰƺȥ
찡ѵҪ˯ǧ𣿲ҿɲӣֱ

˭ְ취ֹأոûЩ˵Ĳ״ôǸҲֻΪһƺԾǿ߲ŻȥģĻʵôܽƺ
Ƕڷ߷߲ƽʱ򣬴˿̣ǷȻֹǱûκ֪
ֻʳ˹ֲſΧʲôʧˣһˡ
񼣣һ񼣣ʳȻܹư
˹˵
ǵȻܹưԣΪڤ˶ʧ֮ŵУҲʣʳһ壡
ǲưԣ˭ܳưԣ

ƺһƬɫ
羰֮ųȺŸɹ˹뺣ˮУȴǷ֣⺣ˮȻǼٵģ
Ųǲ½һûа
ˮˣЩŸҲֻǵ׺ˣľɫ˹ɵģ
ħ˵
ҲǵͷǿѾʧ֪ҪнһϷ
ȻϷ
һ˳
һȻһˣӺ׻ϣܹˮȻںӰظĿⶼǼΪȣҪ֪ǲ⺣ˮϣǹ̬ġ
ţϷܼ򵥣ǵֻһܹ棡
һˣ磬ⳡϷӮˣ֮ȻҪǵǣʵĿռ䣬κһ˵ȥ
Ӱ˵㲻κһطˣڤ綼ˣ
ˣռܴʩչȭţŸӶ߷ߣϷǿʼ
Ӱ˵
ںϾֹĺŸ̳ڶߣǶ߷ȥ

ģܣҿµһ
ڤ˶վһѣڤһ۾Ϳ࣬ŴԲѡ
ţҲע⵽˲˹ƺʶվôñܲˬҾԻ
ħ˵

ǿҪƺкڤһս˵ֻһܹ棬ѵǽҪɱô
ΣҪħǱߵȫɱ
ɱǣӮˣ
Ҳǵͷǿ߼ȻƶôǱֻаĹжˣɱڤˣ
ô죿
¹ʵ
£ֻ࣬ܲܲɱ
˹˵
ȶԸڤˣԺ˵
˵
ǿ쿴ڸʲô
˹ĿҲǿ㣬ֻһӰȻվڲԶĺϣǾȻĳȥ
ˮܵۿˮҪԴû
찡ôܣǲ滹ǹ̬أѵžǿһǿʵ쳣
϶쳣ֻ࣬ôӵôǿʵأ
¹˵
˹ȥ㾿ô쵽ģŸѾӶ߷ߣȻڤɱҪʼˡ
ħ£һܹɱЩһģ
ȲǸ׳ˣΪˮУǱץסôΣЩͽɱ

ħվڤǰĿһ˿Ц⣺ǿ߶ϣҺ֮ľһս˭Ҫ˹˭
ǣħ£ضģ

ںˮ֮Уʲôǲǣ⺣ˮȷǹ̬ģҪ뺣ףֻһ취
Ǿǿ
ûǿ֧֣Ҫһ㣬Ͳܡ
˵ϷʵϴһʼѾΨһӮң
Ϊڤˣûһܹһ㡣
Ȼʵϣûȥħ󾿾˭ɱ˭ΪʵϣںҲûȥȻֻǾǿߵһȤζֻһϷˣ˭棬˭ˡ
֪˭
ӰҲںףֻһӰӣûκݣϣֻҪͻᱻ𺳡
Ϊʲô֪ҿû
˵
֮ǰҲ֪ǣ֮иңˣ
㲻ֹһô
ʵ
ѵ㿴ֻһӰô
ı
Ǹ磬Ŀǰʵ޷
Ӱ˵ĺܸɴࣺ˵ֻҪƺгȥ˿ԽǸ
ţҲ˵ƺҪ
ȻȻ϶ҪߵĶֻ֪ܷҵ
ӰЦ
⺣ô
ôĹϷأȽİ취ˣ
ˣǾǿߣ
˵
ֻһӰӣ
˼ǣźܶӰӣ
Ҫ̽˵ʵô
Ȼۺһ
ôڵʵ
ôñ۲Ƕô
Ц
ɱ¾ôңħʵһΪļһһȻֱӽˣΣӣôϷôȤأʧ
Ӱ˵
װˣҪϷ޹أû´ĻҪǷ
˵
ң㣬Ҫ֪ƺеϷֻҪһ˱ʤΪβҴߣʵҪʤܼ򵥲ô
۲ϲϻʼɣҿǿһӰӵ
ںװγǹ


1700 ǧ
ҲĵˣҲɱңúϷɣټ
Ӱ˲ʧǰ
ʶͷųȥǣûӰ䣬ʱܹԶĺˮ֮ѾڤļѾͷ
Ӻ׳˳ȥĿһɨĲɱħһֻ˷һĿʨһˡ
Ȼڤռơ
ʬҲںˮ֮ϣϱһ̺ۣ֪Ϊû뵽ص֮ŵУȴȻûпӱ˵һĻ
ҪħնɱеļλҲƺѾϷУעɲǣ˹Ϊ˱סҲӢ³ǰȥͼһ
˹
ħĳ޷ͣѾ״̬֪ǰǲ˹Ҳͣ
飡
˿̣ȴһƻһֱӻǳ֮ϣȻħĳˡ
ôˣ
˹㣬鸴ӣΪԼɣȴû뵽ħĵȻԼǰˡ
ڤ˶𾪵Ŀ⿴㣬Ƕû뵽һû˭ļһȻɳȾ֮١
ô㽫ҵĵŪϵģţֻ಻ô
ʵηô
Ӱ˸˹
һ̣˹оƺɹâ޿ֻĻԼ඼硣
ħ£նɱСӣ֪ڰֹ
ڤ
һֱۺܲǴʱǡң֮ΪԺɣ
Ժ󣿱ǸСһûԺˡ
ڤȵΪҲ֪ոħµĳǱǿƣֻһϲúٻļһˣ
Ҫ󶯸ɸ겻ɣԸ
۾Ц
ߣɣ
ڤȵ˫㣬Ȼδ㣬ȴǺһԱ
ұ㲻ҲΪ
Ҳ㡣
ס֣
ħȴס񣺡ˣֻô򵥣űˣҽȫ˫֮£ܹҽµĹ̬ˮڻ״̬ˮܹڸҵĽף
ԱʵҲܳףӵиǿ
ࣿʲô
˶ɻ
˹Ҫ׿ѯ㣬ȴǸЩ飬Ҫʡ
㣬㵽Ҫõʲô
ħ˵Ҫǲ˹ҾԲøģ
Ҳ֪˭һɱң
˹˵
ҡ
ħԶԡ
ǵǣƺһУʵģ۽˭˭Ľֶ˯Ȼѣ
˵ڤ˹Ĳô඼ѾˣǧȻƿڤ磬˹챾Ӧħ׷ڿһһڤ硭
Ϊʲôôȫ֪
Ϊδ
˵
δ
ǵĶڲ
˵δҿǲģ
ǡǡ෴δɣ
˵
ʲôƨΪһĹô
ȻţȴСӣ˵İɣ
ңѾʼ˲ôɭˣ
İ˵
ħ˵㣬ô˵ھʹһǿĻþУֻǾǿߵô
˵
ߣȴû
ħҡͷ
Ҳ˵ǲҪȥˣ㣬㾹ȻǸ֪
ҲԿȥˡ
۾վԭأʶ鲼ƺͻȻһɲǣȵҵˣӰվͲסô
㣬㽫ǵļƻƻˣ֪ôľǱƻļƻ
Ӱٴθں֮ϣͳȻߡ
Ҳ֮ŵΨһĿģôϷȥܹˣʱҽһˣ
˵
㣬Ȼ֪Ҫɱľң˵һӰӣ
һӰӣҲԴģ
¾㲻ҵĶ֣ʱɾ鷳ˣȻֻƵһ󣬵Ȼе˵δˣҲûδˣʹǲ֮Ҳûã
Ҳ˵һսֻɱ㣬û˿·ôΪеź
˵
ԸĲ㣡
Ӱ˵ͻȻûһѻЩѻȻ˶󣬵﷢ȴ˿־壬һһǴݻ˵־һȻ˷Ч
ϵļλоԣҪѻĽɱһ㡣
ߣǿߵĽǲʺϽս
˵
ħҲǵͷǶԶշУڿУԽԶȻѻҲԽ͡
ǿ֮ǰǿˣ˵ʱˣҿ϶ǵһŵģ
˵
֪ǣʵ϶֮Ѿ㣬п
˹㲻Ҫ߱ѾСˣ
ħ󷢡
Ų˹ʼڶ㣬Ŀⶼû뿪
޹أԭܾΪڤħͳڤ磬Ϊ˾ңڤЦӦǷ̫࣬ǣĳҵؿڵʱҲףʵϣ˵ûһ˽ĵȫȫİңͲܣȻںһֱƭĸо
˹ҽͣһѾ޷Լ޼ħʧǣǲѶΪ֮ڣûɱ㣡
ħ˵
Ϊҷڤô

ħҡͷҲ¡

㣬˿ûиҹĽ㣬ֻ֪һдɫʵļһһ磬۳ưԣʵ۷켫ΪٴͻԼŻصƺһսעָܷ۷ʵףˣ
Ӱ˵
ЩѻһȫﾹȻӿҲڤΪ֮һǱȾĻĵػ׻ҪĻ֣С鷳ˣ
˵
Ȼޱϣ㱻Ӱܣɱ˵ԼδȥļٻͻԴһ»֪ҵıжôȥһҪ׷ǸһģһҪ
ӿƽȫȼЩԭǹ̬ĺˮһʱ֮ȫЩֲ棬Ͽգ¶ᱻ
ƺ֮УһһŵУУһ˺ǹ˳һЦͼûôδ̫С˰ɣ
ǧ
ǹں֮ϣһ֮ע뺣棬Ϊĵ𣬾Ȼһ˲֮䱻Ǹ
벻ǣƽˣ涼˱飬纮١


1701 ɱӰ
ɱ飬ǧһɲǣҪסһ㡣
ȫˣȻΪ磬һʵ̫ǿˣ
ڷ̫֮ǰǵӡֻһ࣬ǿܹӵϷƺУҲֻǸͨˡ
Ȼڣȴûκһ˸㣬ȻվԶգȴҪ㣬ʵ
֮ϣӰûκˣڿиãҲĮûҪеĻӿ¶Ҫڱ鵱ˣ㣬ȷʵûʧ
ȴʧˣ
еĺǹ׳˱֮ĺǹһƥЯ޴ͻǺӰ
ʱӰǰȴǳһɽɽøƳɣӲޱȣǹֱӲǴɽɽ¡һɽˡ
ٶȷɿ죬ӹǹֱӳźӰȥ趯ǹһѩ֮ǹǺӰҲȻһĵҲ쳣Ϭ˼սغϣҲûзֳʤ
̫ˣұʵһǹ͵۷֮ս
ǿȻôǿѹڤһнʻܣֲɱ𺳣
֪ܲܵסǿߣսɲܹȥģ

ȥɣ
ӰһŭгȻһӣһޱǿĵ㣬Ҳһ𣺡ǹƣ
Ȼѩ֮ȴǱԷĵƣ㣬ߵ
ȻǺӰʵ
ӲܱƳҰٷ֮ٵҲǲˣֻǿϧɣ
Ӱȵٴλӳһǵˣϯؼеһ㣬ȥ
¡¡
ȴ̰γһɫĳòùѪ񵶣
ǿϢ㣬ȻŭˣȻֻһӰӣռҲǿĴڣ
Сϻˣǧգñһʱ˯ôˣҪۣ߱Ը
Ѫ񵶵ֵסԷĵѪ񵶣ӰҲ˵ȻѱƺѾòˣҵҪôѪɱҵģ
Ӱг˸âһ㣬ߣһξڵ£
˸һףעѪ֮УѪ񵶵ĵɫһսһ㣬һкӰ
ôܣ
ûиңҲӵ
Ѫ񵶿ںӰļ򴦣һﻹ˵㵹Ҳ¶Էܵûֱɱ
㻹ʲôԣ
㣬㻹ΪɱôҲ˵һӰӣǧǧӰӣȻʽеģֻǣȻôǿʵ뿪֮֮󣬻ָԭ۷ʵ
Ӱ˵㵽һУҲ㲻ʲô
ھҪ͵ôǸһֱ
ֱɱ˺ӰûԥƬ̣ϾӰѾ²κõѶϢˡ
ˣ
ǿ߾Ȼˣţ
û˵ôֻǾǿߵһӰˣʵ¸ǿ
ҲûϵˣϾʱջصȥ
䣬ôˣ᲻ôǱģԶǱģ

ɱӰһٻӰҲǲһеķԣվڱѩصУ˵ƺͿҪʧˣ֮ŲúҲرա
˹ҵģҲеһĻģ
ħȵ
ȻҪ˹ȴǷԼվԭ޷ˣȻǱסˡ
㣬ôһֵУҲЩڰԱĶ𣿡
УЩʳ˹ָͲΪԭŹģΪʵηʵ
ңǸðƵ£ҲĽ

˹ûлӦҲ֪Լ²İ˾ŲʮԭΪ࣬һֱڱ㣬ȴû뵽ȴһֱڰԱң
鶼ˡ
ôƺʧǲǻɥʧôһǵô
ᣬļһֱңһΣ
˵
ǿɶҵŮˣ㵽Ҫ
ħ˵
˿̣ƺҪʧ֮ŶҪرա
ƽָԭ״ܵɽʯӰһǰӹȻһľҪˡ
˹˵㣬㣬֪ô˵Ľ֣ԤⲻܸܲңĽʲôǧһټô
ĽôȻ
˹ЩʧȻȴ˵ΪδһԣҲ֪ôҸ
ʲô
˹ûһ㣬һȡ
ԭ£˹ҵģԶҵģûܴ㣬Բܣ
ħȵ
֪ǣǧ£ԼҪæչ˲˹ġ
ƺʧƽϵӰһʧ
ҲʱֻصУо˿Լƺ̺Ӵ
һ۷״̬
۵ʵǸԭô
ұۣһȭܣʱֻصĿռ䵱УΧ˱һȭЩŤ⣬ûгκ쳣
ʹ죬ʩչȭ±۷ʱҪǿ٣ұ۵ĵҲھ֮УʱգΪٴηԾ
˵ӵƿʱսȴֻϦǻص磬Ҷ˼һƽӣǲңأ
һ˷ܣص򣬱ŪʥȻѾҵҲ֪˾ǿߵĴڡ
ҪǣҵϦڻָ۷ʵܹͨʱսص磬͸Ҫȥκεطֻһžۣ
Ưˣջ֪Ҳůĸ壬磬Ҷ˼ǡ
𣡡
뵽͵ĻһȭȭˣƺһȭռĿֲС
ʱһӰȴǳǰӰĳ֣Ҳʹʱ·ֹͣһ㣬ռֻصû˰
ӰǻߣϸЦ⣬ƺӵеѾԽͨˣھ޷ôˣ
Ǳƿռʱӣôܻܵش
˵Ҳг𱨳𣬻ص磬һ׸ۣ
սôСӣⲻ֪ҪµļһնɱǿΪ˱ܿ취ȴҪԸ
˵ȻܹǣҪ鷳Ǻѣ
Ϊʲô
㲻⣺ֻҪһصʩչʼҪģôܶԸ
Ϊôûصȥô
ҡҡͷ


1702 
ʲô˼Ѿָʵƿռ磬ҲͿԻصô
ɻ
ûһ仰ôɽףɽѣƿصʱҪʹӵصҪǲȵģ
߽͵Ҳ˵Ŀǰʵ޷ƿصǵ磡
ôܣ
㲻ţͷ˵Ļûиݣ
㲻Ҳò׻ָʵҽʵ㣬˭Ҳ޷ܣҸĶģ
Ǹ
Ҫȥһ磡
˵
ֻص磬ȥνʲô磬ڶҶԣҪǼͥ
ǣزȥ˲ôǽǸ磬˵лﵽƿʵʱһܹȥ
˵ˣԳһǲصģ
ҡͷȻԼʵޱţһЩģϾߵʵ֮·ϣҲǼʶģޱǿ
㲻ҵĻȥ԰ɣͽȥ磬֮ĽǿǱĿǰһƽ٣
ƽ٣ʲôƽ٣
㣬㻹֪Լ뿪˰ɣ
˵꣡
䣬͢һֱҪǰڻĹһԵ۵Ѿ֯˴аںͶһЩս޷ƺǣ
벻һˣϻѵֵסô
ֵסСúľĸױ͢˻ˣסҽԺСУ䣬ּҲϧ쵼³Ϊ˻Ĺ֮ĵһҲϻ˾
ϧΪ˻ĹʵŮܲôȷʵʵ
Ц⣬ûмϧ֪ǾĲۣϽλã˵ұص磬ѾȲļˣ
ţұ뽫һиģж㲻һֱǱǣסʼҪԼ·
ȥڵǸô
˵ԼߵŮ˶޷ãʲôʸȥԼĵ·
ͷҽǸоڵ˲٣ѵô
ȥĹ磬ӵ黹òܣ
ߺȵҪǣеҲð죬ƺǸǿߣ
Թ㶼޷飬ҲΪˣİɣǿҲɱ
ʮ㡣
ڸʱһֳͷһʱֻΧ㿪ʼ
ָܳ¥õӰ֮ʱҲʧǰڵ֮ϣϢΧǻƤͷ֣ȻǻĹ
ʵѾָ۷״̬ʶǿҲȫͷųȥȻ䣬üͷ΢΢һ壺ô͢ļһȻˣѪֶĵѹֺɻ᳤ڻҽԺС

һȥ꣬굱УĹ綼˾޴ı仯
ǰ̻ڻĹȥɣǿǴ𣬲ҪûĹۡ
͢ҲһϵеĸĸΪ˸һЩаҲ˽͢
ˣʦѪһЩֲʦǶڽ͢У
ЩаߣǱʹ޻Ĺϴλɱ䣬ڻĹĻǵȻǲʧӰ٣ҲǸ׳ӣ
͢ĿҪϻᣬ˶ɱĹ棬Ҳľѹƣ
ǰҶԻĹԣһΣûгֻ˵˻ĹеһЩսʿǿֿӢ¼
ڵĹ磬ҪȫսȻǲ̫ܵģȻһЩ֮ĶԿȴأ
͢ΪʺͼǰԻĹһޣֻǡսһ㷢ҹнػͨ˵
ⳡ̵սѡӵƾʷ츮б͢ԾԵʵϻᣬɻ᳤Ժϧ˴ʼǮ˲ǿĺڰӶЭͣսǳսȫû
ˣϻҲʵˡ
츮һԺһ԰󷿵УǶʱݵء
ܶźڰӶػȻвˣϾӶӶֻǮˣ˭ļǮߣǾ͹˭
ּΪĹһǿҲΪϧʱ̵ĳ֣ʹöϻ᲻̫ѿ
һĻ𱬵Ů뷿ӣԵıڶŮּܲϧĹۣҲǹ˵Сã
ţ
ǵͷû˵ʲôֱϧİ칫ҡ
ǰòû̫ı䣬ȴǶһζҲڹǰʮļȻһжΪּҵķ֣
䣬ҲǷٷչ
ϧİ칫ǲҪŵģ˵ĽȻö˵ƿţǸϣǽ淢ŮˣҲһᣬСϧּҴ㻪Ĺһŵĳɼ֪˶ŬΪ˵ֿ͢ҲǷѾѪһŮˣȻܹǿز
칫ϣŲ´ŶԷ˼·ϵĳŮȴǷմҽԺ壬ˣкľ㣬ðɣ
㻹űˣҿСϧһûгԷˣ
ƲͣϧΪּҵķչȫµ֪Сϧжٸһ첻Էľˡ
üΪҺһÿô໹ܱôõأ
㶼ô࣬Ȼ˵ʣæͷǳԣ
˵СϧΪûпҩˣθʹģĳ˻֪θҪģ
ô
ϵŮ΢Щأǰ꣬꣬ʱ׵ˣҾⱲӶٰһˣȴû뵽ǻˣ
ǵǰΪڱأ
̸㣬ҲЦ
ǰǸɵϣϷҽܲˣʵϣѾʾˣֻһʼûע⣬Ҫע⵽ǸһȼҶϷľΪģıģ֮ǰܺϣ
ǰСϧ˵Ϊ˾㣬˺ڰ磬һĪ磬ⶼѾˣ֪ôˣ굱УΪҲǲ֪ܾ˶ˣСϧǸ˲Ļһģ
˵
˵ģһҲһֱ֧ҵ
ϵŮ˻ͷ绪ˣǰȴǲֹһ֣ЩݣȥȴǸˣ˭֪ǰĹһϼŵŮܲϵ׷ʲô


1703 ҽԺΣ
츮УȻн͢ġݵءġ
Ϊ˲ν̻ʻһƬķز£طҲƫܱ߾Ƿصء
ɭĻʵҲǷϽ͢ɵһЩаá
ѪˡǾϲֻ
ҹӴ֮Уϰڷ˲ͣⶼǴĶʦġ
ŵļ̣ǼԹҲ˵̻ʴˣЩһҲʵ̫ûˣԭٿʱ򣬾ȻҲҳٵ
ߣΪĶʲôصļ֣ôõżЩаǣҶһģﻹԸǹ£
˵
ǰ۵֮ϵı֣ý͢ΪˣΪ˲ٶȷҲ쳣аҲٵ͢УΪܹ͢նϴĵ۹
Ȼû뵽ǣϻ޷ֵǰǿ֣ûг֣ȻЩаЩԲȶһٵ˼
ŷʿ̻ѾȺãǣĽȥ
űƿһѪȵļһ˽ߴͦΣ§һܶ͵ŮˣŮ˵ĲȫѪգ˳Ů˷۵Ĳһڣ¶һ飬ŮȻҧƺϻǴЦݣֻ۾ᣬ֪Ϊʲô
ʱʵ̫ɺˣڴ˯һ죬ʵǲ˼ٵôã
ŷʿ˵
ߣŷʿҹܻ飬Ѿһ㱨ˣ֪ǼҹܻŮǲȫˣ
Ī˹̣עԴǣŷһܽʿȵѪǱ˲Ը⣬ôϵأ
ŷʿָŮ˵ŮҲţͶ롣
ŷʿʿȾǴҹܻŮ￪ôûн̻ʴ˵Ĵڣ
Ī˹˵
ŷ˾滹ʲôأλ̴˻Ǽְֲɣ
ˣǶװģȴǼ
˵Ǳ뺷ˣĿʦʦԼǴװǿ쳣
̻ʴˣǶˣ
ţ
̻ʻµͷ°ɣ
˰˵̻ʣʵҲ̫ΪʲôҪΪּҵԵʶûжϻϾɱ
һֱΪһͷǻԵĹǣ벻Ҳ޴ּ֪ڻĹĵλʲôô
ŷ˵Ĺһǿ¼ңôּҵļϧǸŮ£ĿʲôһǴߣڶΪǮϧǮ
棬ûʸ˵ң
غȵ
ŷ˵Ĳһȴ©ˣﻹһĿģ͢ȫӰҪȫˣŷ͢
Ц֮ǰǰν̻ʱһصĽĶɱػһϧ굱Уǽ͢չѸ٣Ҳʱ򽫶ѹƵˣ
ϧСһֱǮĻǲǻҪϻ·
أͿƶȥҽԺɣȻӦϧͣսȴûдӦܰɱ
Ц
ǣ̻ʴˣ
˻һۣͬ˵

츮ǵһҽԺ
֢УɰڴϣȫǱһս൱ңȫȫܴһߣ󱻼סҽԺһδҲΣڡ
⼸Уֻһ۾ʱڴӪҺľҲǼ粽룬ڲϣһǰĺ۾ʱ򣬺ľϲһֱڴŸ׵ٴۡ
֣˯ÿãҽոˣ˵㲡ת죬Ŀǰ״̬ȵյ㹻ˣúÿˣţҲܺúÿŮˣ
ľ˵⼸һֱͺ˵ŻǰľϻжһͺɵĽ٣⼸죬ҪеĻһԵȫ˵һ
֣˵֮ĸ᲻ʱı仯ıأǸһǽ˺ڰأôûأұȥϧôģϾĿأǸһϧĻѹ
ǾᣬҵǸأ֪֪Ҿƣˣ֣ھ޷չˡأ
ľԽԽᣬԽԽӣŮӱĶ
Ȼںϧһһмҵ㵽ȫǿϻᵱУҲǰæļ˲ߣǡҵһ
ľС㣬ȺȵҪӣ
һ߶żζ˱ǡ
ľҡҡͷϧҲǵģ߹Ѱθ벻ôңȵײãһҪ
߸Ҫ뿪˿̣ľоһɱϮ
飡
߾ȻһԵֱӵȥײذǷ˳
С㣬ɱ֣뿪
ߵںľǰ
źɫװ˴˽һǹͷ׳ֱۣ϶žǣһȥɢһ˫ʯ۾ȥʿǺľȴһսʱ򣬼ˣǿֲѪ
ǣǸ˽ˣ֪ϲƨɣŮˣҪȥúõһ
ŷʿЦ
С㣬ܰǶаǲǶ֣
ǸȻںľǰ˫Ȼŵڴ
һȥɣ
˰صֶߵ࣬࣬ѪҺճ˲һġ
ŷʿҡҡͷŮʿǱǸλʵ̫ˣֶǾԲģ
ѵѪɱ˷ʽô
ľȵǵʲô
źߣѪ߹壬ɱ˵ȻҪĶ࣬Ȼҷһ㰮ңԭҺҵĻɵģ
ŷʿ˵
˰Ǻȵ憪£ŷǵŵˣҲվŮˣã
˵
˰صۿҪӳȥľȴǵڲǰȵɱҸףһŹģҲ֤һ
㻹Ǳ֤ᱻŷڴŪɣ
˰Ц
Ůʿұ֤һģҪͷǵŷͬһõģ
ŷʿ˵
ŷܺŮˣĻɱˣܹң
ŮʿؿɲһΪŮ˷ļһִվԭأҽֻΪˣ
ŷҡͷ
֣Ҫһ
ľ˫ۼ㡣
۸һŮˣ᲻Щûʿأ
һͳڲ֮С


1704 ɻɫ

ľһȣѵǡ
ŷͰҲĪǵý߶ɵˣѵ©֮㣬ǧﴫѵлĹǿ߳
ˡ
ʿλʿЩŭԾڴ˵Լûʿ

ľվŵˣ˵ˣˣѵôȻˣǲģ
ŷͰվͷһĵվſڣҲһⶫСӾȻô򶨣ǲأ
أϲĲˣȥƨӦû󻬼Ҫʹأ
ŷЦûоΣսҪ١
˰Ǻȵ˵Ĳ˻ǶȤ
ӰһӰһȭȻƺЯ˾޴ƣһȭȴޱȻ建ǰȥƻȴһҲס
Ȼ˰صȭͷ˿ˣȻڴǰţߵŷϵʱʿЦһƣҵĴڰɣ
ſѪɫȻȥȴǺҪһȭİײһ飬ȫײ˵ϡ
⣬⾿ô£ô򲻵
أҺܲεĸ㣬Ǳŵĵطǽɲˣ
ߣ
һǺһӰ˶Ӵ˳ȥ
ûǣڰеֺοһȵͺľϧ׻غϣһԽ͢Ҳ١
㣡
ľӵг־ӨỨȥɰ˵ĻУ⻵ʱҾͲӦûȥһ߾꣬ҵĸܣ
ɵⲻǰȫôȫ£ɶٰأ
ååأںڰ϶ǹ˺ܶŮˣ
ľĴıСŮһ
СľҪĻ㸸׿Ҫһӡأ
ʲôףˣҸ
ľ㽫׾ѣ֪һɿӣǿ۾ϼЦݣû¶Ǽùأ
֣ʲôѵİûʲôɣ
ûְֿûһأ
˵
֣˰㣬һɵĺ£
ѵ㲻㸸
ЦЦʵϣҪȥϧģ֪·ϸӦҽԺΣգǸϹˣվſڵʱʵǻһ׭ɵ壬ʵҲûжô棬ǰæɵӡ
㣬СӣһλѵΪô
˵
֣ôˣ
ˣ
Ц
ľ⣺һһͣҿܲˣ
ŮҿĵľɣסԺЩӣչңʱҼǵҵʱҪˣڱϵĹһֱ֧ң֪ǲΪκ˻Ϊ㣬ҲҪ¸ȥ
Ů⼸˵ĻЩ궼Ҫ࣬ȫոʱʵҵů֪ҵŮҸˣڵΨһԸҸڽ͢飬ˣһжü򵥵Ķ࣡
֣
ľᣬվڱϣҲܰĺܣⲡΧİ裬аˣ
ûдźɺͺľ֮ĸŮʬȫգϵѪҲɾҽԺУһ磬һΣ˺ѪҪͲôˡ
һ̣ںڰ統дѩͳˣȻӣܾ쭸̣Ҫ˧١
ȻվҽԺ¥ϣڵỴ̈ԶĺС㵹ǳüŪۣǻ֦չģȴЩоθʹ
˧磬ѽһշʮˣ㿴òðۣ
˵ȻǾûʲôǮҪ֪ڵ·ǺڰģȻǹŴ·ȴƫŷ磬ЩŮȻûʲôֵûʲô⣬ģǡ˧Ļĺ˵͡
ҲΧĲʵ϶ôãиأ￪źƣʾû⣬Ϩ˵ƣűʾпˣ
˧磬ҪǺҸۣ
һĴó˳Ծ⡣
ƳһŮˣͲȥȻֻǿǻǲġ
ŮУҲŮкܣʼ͵ŮЩ˽Ҳǹ˲κ棬ˣҲܸŶԷ
Ĺﶼ⿴ϷмŰʣŹӣ⡣
˧磬ǲǲ˼ܾҿ˵ز´ˣҪָڴˣ
ظŮ˰˵
Ϊ˧ϲشԵŮôǿҲʱóأ
٣㵽ǰΪҲ֪һͣڸ֮󣬷Ÿң´Ĳӣ˵ʲôиƲ÷ҪĶ
ŲҪɣΪҲ֪Լشڱǰ˵ҵĻˣ㲻Ҳ壬ôҲĿˣȥλ껹ǱȽϲŶ
Ũī۲ʵŮһ
˧磬ֻҪҵĵ꣬Ҹۣ
ظֽ浣ĽڶԷϣԼֻôȥ
ۣ
ģˣﲻҪǮ㻹ƴô
ҪǮʲô˧磬ģҹ
ݣ˧磬Ҳҹһͱ棬Ұˬң

ȵȣ
㱻м䣬Ů˵ĲҪ䵽ˣĵǰ켣ҹ꣬û͵ĳ飬ҪǼƴȥĻ¾ͱˡ˧磬ҽ첻ҹǴһҲģ⻹õģҪ˧磬ҽҹĲˣҲģͱȽϿֲˣ
Ů˵ģϼǿֲ
˧磬˵ʲôǲ˾أ
Ů˶ˮĿ㡣
ĵ֪־ͺˣ鷳
Ҫݽεľ֮ʱԶһŸ߸ЬһޱȵŮ˹ŮǸոպͺҽԺĺľ
˧磬㿴ŮﰡɻɫɲСеģҸҷģ϶ĳ߹٣ǸŮˣʣǾӴ
ظŮ˵ƺҪǰŮ˺Ļԥķģ
Ǹ˽Ķȥֻһ𣡡
ľ˵


1705 ֶ
źľ֣һ뿪һŮӶһĿģôҲ벻һȻݵĵҶֳŮ

ûл벻أվڽϣһȺŮ˹ڨ
ľ˵ţոӦúˬɣ
ڲˬأ
§źľȻЩŮܱģ֪ͺľ§һΧ֪ͶɱһҲóڵĴźͺľһ飬˵¶ûš
ߣոҪǸĻҲˣ
ôܣСľŵʵһԭˣ
ԭ˾һ̤
ľһۣˣ㣬Ұ˯ˣҽԺ᲻ɱ֣
ʵ֮ϵǿߣĻûԸģ
㻹أ
Ǻɻ᳤ϲĳƺϱ
һСľһϱģ㻹ûǰһ治֪ϧһأ
ľ˵
һϧҲ΢΢һһûмСϧأ꣬Ļô
ãܲãΪˣĺô
˶ֻϼŷҡֱϣȴǸͲ֪ϧΪ˸˶ôŬʹۣҺϧİشθҩθˣ
Ϸҡֱϣθ
ǸɵôΪҵ嶼Ҫأ
û뵽ǣԴ뿪֮ϧǵȵףϧĸ屾ͲǺܺãȫӹϼţֻһͶ뵽ϼŵҵУʱǰ飬㣬Ļ꣬϶뵽ġ
Ҫ֪һŮˣһ꣬ٵȴ꣬Ҳĳһ
ּѾǻĹϵĵһˣȫ統Ҳѳǰʮ
ľ˵ĺ֪ģ
ҵĴǾõˣӦָʵģû뵽һ꣬ҿǷľСϧˣ̫̫ã
ҡҡͷСľҽԺɣҪȥ
ţһҪϧ忪Ļҿɲˡ㣡
ľ˵

ҹǹ㡣
ϧȻڰ칫ҵУڶһ㣬סڰ칫ҵӸࡣ
ϵİϣ˾еһЩѾɾˣΪĹһܲãûне鶼ȥɡ
ϵķѱһˮҲû׼ҹԣǹ㣬·ǹһ࣬һӰﾭһЩΪõ顣
أӣҵԼÿǹ⣬ȴ̲סҷֿһĻ˵ģô
ϧ૵ǿɲãδʧҡҡͷǿлӦˣǻ˹أ겻Ƕ𣡡
ˮݵߣҪһڣȴǸоθʹ쳣žһӶڵ棬θʹĶǽϡ
θȻָˣѾһݵĵǿҶθʹǰڰ칫ҵθʹʣõǣһβû˷ĻͱȥҽԺˡ
ǹؼʱ̣͢Ǳ߻֪ڴʲô⣬Ҳܵ£
æ˹˾ҪæŶԸ͢˿̣ǽڱϣθľʹʹͷǺˮɫ԰ף΢΢ƶ˫ȣҩƬͷڹϵİ档
һθεʲôǰʹ֮£ŰסʵģһΣ±ӣǾԻὫȥҽԺƵġ
֪ԼθѾãȻθҲһʱκõģҽȰϧҪ̫µĻӾ磬пܻᷢ䡣
ǿ־ϧҩƬ˳ڵϣǽҩƬУҩƬθʹֹƬҩԼǿûãϧθʹ㻺ŵ˱ˮȥ١
棬ϧžӣŲ԰׵ҲǰҲ˵ûҵȵģΪҲҪãҪˣģ»ģ
ʱÿסĻ͢ĻὫ߸Ͼɱģ
ҡҡͷ
ôֿʼʹˣ
û뵽ǣθҩЧѾѹƲסθʹˣľʹʹķͷʹѣҪһĸо
ҪôǰֽϣЩӰİŮΪθʹò˼飬¶ҪԼϷأ
ԼҪʹˣӣҪ֮󣬿ҵķĹ𣿲ⶼҵģ̫ˣǲԼΪһҸûͣס㣡
ð趼ȥˣһӣְûʧ
ϧϾȻֳʹЦݡ
ۣ
θʹӾ磬һѪ˳
Ѫһɲǣ߷ٸ㣬ȴҲоʹһ£һڵӹֵԣպʮСһţȻ˲䣬Ƕͣһһĵͼһ˵ļ֮ϣҪȥô°ʲôոǲ˰
һɨһǲ˰˵ĹôٶȰ
缸ǻҪҪ򰡣
򰡣ӿȥ

³ѪգϧѾоڲθͲģҪһθе·𿴼ʱֻ𣬼ѵֻСϧҸո˸جΣμڰ칫Ӱ࣬һμ㱻Եˣŵͷ亹ôûвǲڼأСϧҰ˵
ûû°ո˯ű㳳أ
ôˣô˰ǲθָˣ
ϧʵ̫ʹһֻǵȥҪȴʹθʹʹᶼˡ
ֻȻļСϧô˵㵽ôˣҪǳ¶ˣô㽻أ㲻˵ô
㣡
ϧѷ˫ѾģϾҪһ㡣
ԲڿɲǱ˾ϰʱ䣬ȥôģѾסأأ
˾УҲмڼӰԱǶĪĿһӰǰȻһ̣ȴʧ
ˣֶڰ칫أȥ

ž
ϧҪ״̬˫ѾˣθϣʱȴǸ칫ҵĴѾ򿪣ȻȴܹģĿһӰԽԽһϤϢıսȥ


1706 ҹ
Сϧ
㼸ǷһĵͺޱʹϧҲǴ۽ֳ֮ɫâעϧڣüͷһ壬᲻ѣɵϣ㵽װ˶ٸҹ֪֪θǰף㲻µģҲµģ
ϧܹʵһУΪ˿̻֮Уǰ㣬ǻعⷵյУĴ裡
оϹע֮θʹѾ˲٣ǰ㣬˵㣬Ҷ֪˶ٸˣһκʵûǹ⣬ûƲʣҵİ칫Ȼʹǰһ·ùŹأ
ϧֱ˳ȥվǰ涣ʵ˵ϧҪ㣬ȴǲңҲҪ㣬ÿξУҵ־ͰڷʱξˣԴ뿪֮Ҿͺ˯μˣ
СϧⲻΣ㣬ʶãϲõķӣ
ʵҵңҶС
һѽϧڻУͺ뽫ſһ㣬ģһ̣ԺûӣԺУǳϧģ
û֪жôϧҲǻȥһ磬Ȼܾԭ򣬾һ֪꣬ԼҪʲôҪͰƽƽһˣ
ӣ
ϧıӣ۾ͣϡСû뵽Ȼʵʱȴ˵Сϧ꣬һˣ
ⲻ𣿡
ǣҷģⲻΡ
㻹û˵꣬ϧס촽ҲǼҵĻӦţƺҪڻڱ˴˵´֮С
ֶͻ飬иİ˲֪ôˣǼһﲻǽ͢˰ɣҪֶС
Ա˽
ȻǰϧǵһĻȴЩ֪룬Ǳ˴˽˵ո˲ǰһѵֶˣΪֶǳأĹڶŵܲ鶼ܾȴû뵽
۸缸ϽȥɣҪǱֶɲã

ʮӺһֻ𣬵һ绰˶ûᣬֱ绰˲Ĵ֡
ϧֻӵϼС˵һ䣺أ
ӹ绰ѾСϧھſأأôˣǲθʹˣ
ûûء
ϧû˵꣬ǽֻ˹ֱ˵ֽĺýأҪĻٺ١
ǱĿɿڴʲôСϧˣ찡Ҫ𰡣Ҹ㰡еǮأôô찡
Żˣոűجξѣ
ⲻǲ
㻵һЦϧһ·ֻصʱ
ϧһۣӹ绰Ǳ˵ˣ˵ҪǮ˵һڹֻҪ㲻Ҫ
벻ҵѾôˣһأ
ţСϧôû۸㰡˵ոôô֣ԭǱˣ
˸۷ƬôˣοǸҰҪ֪ߵıڿǿĺܵģոţˣ
ʲô㣿Ȼˣ
ЩƺЩţ֪ϧǾԲƭģҲ˵СϧǼһһƭңӦôͷ
㿴ϧĿԼҲ˵ҪôͷҪȼɱʬɽҰɣ
Щˣȥҹ
ϧ˵Щʧĵͷֻǳҹ
СϧʱصֱӸأȹ˹ݰݣ
˵绰

߳칫ң۷׷׵ԱЩĿɿڴһĳļһ˵ֶôҪȥɲȫ
Ҳȫģ
ϧû˿ɻ䣬һֱ㣬˿̿ȥаܲõģߵСŮˡ
ֶ찡
ԱȥӰҲһĽ
ڿǻĹһŵܣոڼеأ
˵
ôᣬѵҪҺ͵͵һôǿɲҵԸǿҲãʡÿϣ칫ڵʻȥһһˣ
Сϧڴ̼Ҫһ꣬ÿͻֲĹ𣿡
һ꣬ϼŵгعɷݵ˵Ӧòʲôɣ
ϧ˵
ҶԿ˾ûаȤСϧΪͿԸأ
㣬Ҫ㣬ϼûˣңŮˣԺܲȥͷ¶ɣҷҵθֿʼˣ
һҪҵС
㲻Цθڱ˵θҪϲ٣Ϊôƭأ˵ĵҲǣԺǶȻͷ¶ˣҪ磬ǻԶһ𣡡
һô
ţŵϲһľʣһϲǶģ
Ҳϲأ
ұȥҲȥ
Ц
ϧͷ֣ӣⱲӶɿˣΨһķɵһΣ
ţǰгҹĵط֪һûԶˣ
˵
ǰǼտŵڽֽǱϣտϰǸˣŵڵƹҫһ˫۾ȴ쳣տĶҲĺܣ˿һۣСҪʲôϺʮտˣóԣҪǮ
żԲӣ賿ңﻹˣտȷ
ϰ壬ơƣʵǹ񫰡
ϣ
㿴ֻ̯һ˸ơػϣҪ֪ơƿɲᡣ
ûơˣϺȥȥȻ
ţϰ壬أ
ϵһųಲļһ˵
ȵ˽ȥ֮ϵȴǼվǱ˴˽տ̨ϣǸಲк۵ϧȵ£
һϵȻ֪ҪʲôҲڸԸģҶԡ
Ƕ֪ǰЩ˶ֵСƽɶ͵ĹһȻҪ͵߿̨ϵǮ䡣
ܿһָűϵǮ伤Ӵ򿪣涼ʮ飬ʮһٵĳƱ
ͷҪˣϽȫװߣ
ಲ˵
ϧһ㣬Ҳǵݸһĵ񣬱ϾЩһҪǰɹ͵²̫ס
ϴô°ôòЩǮ
һｫЩǮڴȴǷֿڴеǮȴǻĪĻصǮ䵱Уȹ飬ʹЩһﶼоǮйˣ


1707 Ƿ
ôܣһȺ׳գǮòߣ
ಲһֱڶŽȥơƵϰ壬Ҳûע͵ǮͷһһƣֱץǮ䣬֪ǮͻȻ֮䶼򲻿ˣûע⵽Ѿ൱־ˣ˵ģǸ䰡ͷʱŶ
ϴ󣬲ǰոǶˡй
ͷBǸӳģôȥҿģôӣ
ơƣ
ϺܼѵĿơƳơ̧ʱЩ˶ΧտܱϣһǸ˸ϺȻЩһҪʲô£ϺͽѵˣҪĻһǿģ
ǿ磬ΧֵĿӣǰಲʵϾǿ£Ȼ֪ϺˣҲΪͷԲ͵ϺǮ䡣
٣ͷϹ˵ʲôأֻǹտûУʲô˼ԼǮ䣬ٹһ֣
ಲ˵
Ϻ˹ȥҲЩֵĽǮ򿪣ȴһû٣Ҳ˵ǸոϺ˵ˣʮ͵Ѹǿģ
ģϴ͵ǮΪʮܽ⣬Ҫ飬ȥˣϴô˰
ݣ᲻˵˵ϴǻƻŮǿһ
ʲôϺʲôˣߵ˭֪ԩң˸ã
ಲһŲľϣΧи쿴һֱڱЩˬǺȵûڰô
С椵ͦƯģٺ٣ֻǿϧһС
ǵҲֻ˵˵˿̵ľȻϺϣûҪԸϧ˼

ϺǮӡ
ߺߣ˲ңҲˣͷո˵͵ǮǮǷδ٣ɣ㽫Ǯң¶̣
ಲ˵
ܣҪϺҵǮ䣬ҸŮѧǮҲģ

һҪϺǮ䡣
һˣǽǮϣȻǻˣǲұ
㱾Ҫ֣֪ʱһٻӰȴߣС£С㴦

ϧϲ
ҲǿȻŸ߸Ьȴƽһ㣬ֻһһǶɳһֱӽ˶˳ȥˤڵϵĻ죬֪Լ˼߹ǡ
ϴŮ˭
ಲſһôƯСôӵôõְԼӣСڴȥ
飡
ܿ˳ಲߵļ£Ϻ˵ССĵ㣬ǿ³Ĵַ֣ǷǰǱߵʦм
ͷӣ㻰еˣû¶ҽŮˣʱ͵ˣ
ಲж˶ϵļ⣬žǶĿ׺ݣɨϣѾ˶Էһ㡣
͵ң
ʩչеʱҲԴЦ⣬û뵽ǽ٣ֻк͵㵱ʱĶȤζ
Ҫ˵ͨ˵統УҲһһĴˣȴû뵽ಲȴǸѲֱǵסʽ
㣬᲻Σհ
ϧ˵
һģ
ͷ
ҲǰಲеʵҪ֮ϣ䶷ľҲȶԷܶ࣬ʣԴĻסС
ȴڲһ磬ಲиʹǲ磬ÿԼҪԷеʱȴǿԷһĪĴ㵣Ȼ֪ڱҲԽսԽ£
䣡
ץסᣬڶԷһδ㵵Уһȭгಲе򦣬ಲпѪɳȥ
ǶһϴŮ˭ôô
ݣС椣㵽˭
ݣ
ãݣӼסˣģˣߣ
ಲҪߵȴǴǰסôһŵӶǴˣһ֮
Сߣ
ಲкȵ
Ҳָ
ֻ֪ǿ⼸ֵĹǿˣС㲻Ļ͸ҹĻҲǿˣ

һ˳ȥСϧǻˣ˵ûˣҪ⳥ϰ徭ʧ
ǮЦϴɴûǮأ
Ǯǰɣ
۾һתյ̨ϣǯӼгյͨľֱ̿ӷڳಲеǰڶԷֱð亹£ƵɲǮҲԣ˿ǲҲͷأ
ϴҪ㰡
⣬⣬⣬С椣ɲģ
ಲŵûͳǮֱӶҲǿжǮһƲǺᣬֻһǧ࣬ÿͲҪˣֽȫϰɣٿ㣡
һ˳ȥ

ϺҽǮСǮʵ̫ˣϺ̯ʮ꣬׬ĶǮãҲû׬һһǧİ⼸ŵӣҲżʮǮأϺһȥ£ã
Ҳʵϰ壬ߵơƶǮһ䣿
أһƿĿ飬һ45˵ʵСӣϺҿǲ׬ơǮģһЩʳƷеơƣأ
ţ
ͷһҹ̯ϵơƶҪԹ㣬ָǸӣٶģϺȻĺܱˣϾǽۣҹ̯ѹôȻԸԡ

ǮŰɣˣǽҹǮˣ
˵
ǰϺ˶ˣϺӦǳһٰǮϺʵڲҪҪﲻ
ϰ壬ո˵㻹иŮҪѧǮȻ࣬͵Ǹ鱾ʲôģѧҪǮأ
һԵϧ˵
ŮϺҲԥһ£ջǽˣҪϺŮԺĵϺҾ֪ˣλСӣϺȥտǳԸ
Сϧ˵һ仰˵ʮ䣬ܲã
˵
Сϧˣ˽֪ģʲô˼һ㶼עݣ
Դǡ
ݣ
ϧЩĪ
㶼ˣҵʦŶʦҲ˼ûгأ
һԻΪʦΪС
ҡҡͷ
ΪأСϧһִŶ
˵УСϧôɫôˣθ
κˣ
ϧͷҰȻģҵҲȵģּһҶǷأ


1708 
˵֣Ķأ񶼲츮أ
ʵ
ȥˣǰ뿪ĵڶͽϼйɷȫңǴһǮȥˣÿ»Ҵ绰ƬȴѶȫޣ鷳أ
ϧ˵̸ĸһЦݵġ
ǵͷĿҰְֻȻλôˣ䣬ˣ
տˣ
ϰʱһտ˹Ȼһơơ
տӱơþûԹˣ
Ҳ˵
ϧͷԴӻθҽؾҲܳտڱϣҵǲˣ
ߣ굱УҶִ̼㣬ڵãһһͿʼˣǵģýأ
ҡҡͷ
ϧûԹԵĳԣû
ڳտϺȴóһӳ涼ǦдּϺһ߷ţᶼ۽
㲢ǳԻȻע⵽ϺߣǰŮǦдĲƪܼǰɣ
ţĺܣ꣬Ͷһ׶԰ϵĺܶˣϺ
ϰЦд᣺СӣǸˣϺĳЩϺҲº˵ŮĺܣҶӺͶϱΪһȥˣǳУΨһҴߡ
ûô
ûУ˾ˣҲûǮֲܣϺֻп̯ӴŮһ׶԰ģΪڶ̯꣬ⲻãûǮѧѣûˣ
Ϻ˵ⲻȥµǮϺ׼ֱСѧŮҲϣ
ܶһ꼶أ
ʵ
ϺԭЩЦݵȴǽӲˣ֪ԭżҹ̯Ƕˣֻʣһңôģ˵Ժⶼأ
һ׬ëأ
õĻ٣
ϺȻ˸ơ
Ǻٵɣ
ֻΣ
Ϻ˵һ㶼һң
ÿ춼һٰɣһҲǧϵĵҩһҪǮ
ܿ
ϺȣܲͲһٿǮ
ܲͲʵɣڵ壬ֻܿ꣡
ꣿ
Ϻ˵УŮҪСѧҵأ
ʵ̫ƣҿ⣬ǲ̫С
Ϻ˵Сӣ׬ǮףϺʮ꣬ЩǼϼǮˣûǡϺҲ֪׬ʲôǮ׬һߺȣסŵĴҲףԼķӶãԸҹѵҪϼôϺɲġ
㣬ˣϰ廹Ҫأ
ϧҲ˵
Ѱ˰٣
ϺǰٵģΧ̯λˣǱӴϺıѣ컹ҪҵǮ䣬Ҫǣҿ治֪ô죿
ϰ壬ҪҽһݴƵĹ㣬Ըô
ƵĹ
ϺĪһ㶡
ܰɣүүλϼŵܲãϼһֱڴҵϣСѧѾһٶˣϼŻһЩȺӸ輫Ԯ֧֣ܷϼԮ
˵
ܲã
Ϻʮ֪꣬ʲôϼţȴǰλ˵ģ˵ôô𣿡
ţϰ壬ҪŮܹѧôŮѧķãϼŶеϰ壬ǼеĴƻҲʺļ򵥹ԺͲҪˣ
ϧ˵
ܹеŮѧãԺѧ𣿡
ǵģ
Сѧҵأأ
ѣ
أ
ѣ
ѧأҪܶϴѧͺˣǼﻹûгһѧأ
ϰ壬ģֻҪŮһֱڶ飬ѧѣûģ
ϧ˵
ֻҪŮϵѧͺˣϺʮ꣬ҸͲ뿪

㲻˵ȥкصٸɼ꣬϶ҪϵȻ̾ͽϰκãûҪ֪ǧߣ÷׭ȫǵʹκãҾκˣǻһҹ̯ģα겻α
˵ԸֻһŮܹϵѧܴ뷨
뿪ҹ̯ϧѾһţ˵Сϧ㻹ģôͽõϷ͹ȥˣ
ţˣ¶
ϧͷȻϰ嶼ԸϹԺͶչɣ
ȻȻһݵˣʱĹģ
˵
ϧм˸㣬һʱȥһҽԺɻ᳤㱻ɱˣ
ɱ
ϧȣ͢ô
Ѫˣ
ǾͲˣ̫͢ɺˣҸһͣû뵽ת۾Ϳ԰ɱ
ϧɫһ䣺ľˣ
ͺɻ᳤û£ν͢ĿΪ˱ǰĽ̻֮ô
ȫǣҲҪߴ
ϧ˵аţ֪ʲô
û£һˣǵ뷨Ҳˣ
ͷ

츮ǳǽ
̻ʻڴУɫЩ̫ÿǰ˰غѪŷʿжһŵ顣
ܣǸûôǿģҺ㶼Ķ֣
˵
ǣҶɽǲһ⣬֪İҹܻŮ̫ˣӰ죬ɱСӣҵЩûˣѵָƨɣ

غȵ棬ԲµյĻͻǽС˺ˣ
Ϸ˧ɫ˵ʵСӳȷʵ
ŷʿЦ
죬
ºȵСӵĵϸɲˣ
鲻
˶ҡͷ
Ҳ򲻹Ҳ鲻ϸǰվǰ滳ֻȥҹܻȥˣû飡
װĽ̻ʴˣϣ鷢ϣʵϵȷģҺͰػȫ޷Сӣʵȫ޷ţ
ŷʿ˵
˵أȷŷ˵Ļȫȷô
ţҸҿ϶ǸһҪɱǵĻ׾٣ȻǱǵĻ
ˣ
²˵ȥܹ׸ɵǣߵУʲôʱһֲļһ
ԭһ⼸콫ɰɱٽ༸ϻĸ߲ɱû뵽˸ҪϸΣĽֻ·һ
˫䡣


1709 
糿ϤķϧȻڹΪĹһܲãڵĹԢ¥ȴһֱûиı䡣
ʵָ۷״̬ҪͨڤټӿٶȣǲʵģοѾоڵʵѾ˹ļޣ
ϧĴϣһ˯ʱϧҲ۾ϧҡͷˣⶼˣ
ŵʮ֣

û£͸鷢ţ˵ϻزȥ˾
ǲϰأƽҪȥ˾ģ
ϧ˵
§Ц˾죬ܶ鶼ȥɰɣҪ㾫񣬲źôʵһ߷尡
˵ʵǸ߷塯ʱʶȤİַϧ˫ϣӦ
ϧ΢죺⻵ˣѵûôߣ
궼ûأһĹ
ҡҡͷ
˵ʱҡ¡ģɱڣ
ϧ嶥ҲѹĺܣҪ֪ʮ궼δ£ǷȻҲڴˣǽ彻㣬Ҳܾġ
㻹ЩڣҪ֪ϧŴϿǲ˺ܾã㻹סˣԼʥһȻȾɫǰܶסѹ
˵ִ﹫˾˾Ĳ˿㶼Щ֣ټӰЩ˵ͼӴףǸСˡ
찡һֱΪֶǲʳ˼̻Ůӣȴû뵽ȻҲϲС˧簡
ʲôֵأֶҲŮˣֻҪŮ˾󣬸οֶôᣬʵҲжʮˣŮʮǣʮ绢ʮҲСϻ

㵹ûЩۣϧȴ˵굱У˾һκصڶϴˣǰ˾Ĳٳϼﶼˣ
жأ
ҵθǴʱʼصģ
ϧ˵
ѹûһʶңҲãұϲ͵£
Ц
ܿͲܵ͵ˣ
ϧ˵꣬һŮ˱ǼҴҵ˹ֶ̩ɼŵܲڰ칫ҵ
ϧ˵û˵ʲô飿
˵̸غɣֶҪҪȥؾ
ھȥ칫ң
ϧ˵⻰ʱоһɺǿҵܲƣ治֪УСôɹġ

̩ɼŵϯִй٣һɫ۾ʮ꣬ͣӦǹΪ֪ҵңϼǿֱӽǹڵһ̩ɼʹΪܲõѹܴ
ϧһڻϼʱȴǱϧסˣϧΪ˵òжصʡ
Ҫ׷ϧ۸κδۣҲ㹻׷ϧϾΪ˶ˣҶΪ㣬йͬ⡣
Ȼϧľܾȴ
Ҫ֪̩ɼŵܲ׷ϼŵܲϧǶʱĹķз
˵ϧ׼㵽﹫˾ôˣҪĻܻ᲻
Ȱ뿪
㶮ʲôϧһŮôǲʳ˼̻֣ңʲôô

Ҳûɶ
Ǹš
ʱϧȴǺŶ룬ͷһۣϧȻһ޶ˣߵ㣬ȴǴδûʲôѹϧܲϲСɣ
õˣǲ˼
ϧܿϣܲõķ緶
վϣиǸڣֻҪֶܼһ棬Ҿˣֶ˵ˣһĵһ٣
ţЩǷѣϱˣ
ֶʱ˶ỵοˣҿ˵˲»ߡҲΪˣϼŲͻΧﵽλ
ˣǰӦòֻΪұغɣ
ϧЦ
ȻмݵزչƻֶǷĿһ£
ţ
½ƻŵϣϧⷭһ£ڱϽһЩص㡣
ս꣬ϧҲպúϼƻ飬˵ֶҲǼȻϼŵĲҵѾķ̫ãǸ˼Ϸ˾Ȼǰһѣ⼸ȴǱģµ3DϷ̫ˣϼΪһֱڿĲҵǼƤܺãֶԳ֮óĻĳ˸м
վڱţ룺ôԼߵʱ˼Ϸ˾תΪӯû뵽겻ǰһȻһĺľ
Ҳ֪Ϸһҵкܶ಻ȷأܶ౻ģµϷԭϷҲʤо٣ֻ˵˼Ϸ˾е˶̫ˣ̫ñͨһҵС
ǲĻʮ֮󣬿ԲμϼŵĹɶ飬ʱȻ𸴣
ɶ飿Ȼ֮ãܹѧϰѧϰ
Ц
ĵϧûܾǾǻϷҪ֪ǼƤصչ˵ĵطߺߣŮվ̫СŶʮ꣬붷ô
ϧʱҲǴһͨ绰ֱӸߵ绰ʮӺٿɶ顣
ھͳȥɣ
ϧ˵
칫ŵʱʿİϧţȵϧ߳ȥǸ˵ֶϴ飬ʵ̫ðǱ˴εУǲ˼㲢һŮԣʵ壡
ʲôʱˣ˵ǵ̸˽µĻǹµģ˽µĻڵûôʱ䣡
££ֶҪᣬҿǴųģ
ϧͷպߵУָָߵһӣ˵㣬ɣ
ϼеĻУߵһλͨǸȥϧ֮ɶģҲ־ȣΪֻһС࣬ȴû뵽ȴϼܵأϧ˵ҲǰᣬĿҲǺѵϧɣǴδϧⷽأ
ǿҵɻֶҲûκѵľȥʵֶλСֵ֪ܺڹŵεҪְλ
֪ˣֶϼŵĹͣҸλ°ɣ
ϧ˵
Ҹλã
ȴСߵһλã⵽ʲô˼ѵõڶŵܲûȲһСӣ
ϧʱ̧ۣÿһı飬˫ɷĿ˵սľ㲻ǱˣĿ䣬һ۶ǳ֪ǰǰ˵ǺηʥĿת𴦣ˣұߵһλá


1710 ֪
ʮ֮ϼеĴ󲿷ֹɶ½½룬˼λ⹫ɵСɶ
ֶλ˭λãҺƽģϼſǳаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǳ֮ϼĹɶ
һ˵
ҲƽûλϣɶҲĿͶ˹ȻΣҪ֪ϿǴδ㡣
壬λ°ɣҴǽְλģ
ϧ˵
ߣϣֶܸһĽͣ
ƽϡ
ŴҶ̩ɼŵܲ᲻Ϥ
Ϊϧؽģ׼վô˵ڻĹеĵλǼߵģӦǽ̸֪ϧȴ˵ҾͲˣ
룺ϧ֪Ǿ֣ǸһС
ֶȻȻ֪˵˭ʲôʸҵλã
ƽȲˡҪ֪ǳȥϧ֮ϼйɷռһˣҲһֱԼڹ˾żߵĻȨȻµһУϧڹ
ôڸؽλԭ˼Ϸ˾ܾǰһһȼҶϷ߷壬һŴΰϼŶɹչأԭҸ׵˼ϼŶύ֮Ҫ죬ϼűҵܲãҵĹɷҲߵİٷ֮52
ϧ˵ڣӹӵҵһɷݣ
ʲôֶҪٷ֮26Ĺɷݸ
찡ûиĸаϼſǸĴƴڵĳ̶ȵģ
ֶӹһèҪһĹɷݸϼҪ
ƽȵ
ҵľᵣϼŵִиܲã
ϧ˵
ܲãҲҺƽһ
ΪϼŸôѪǽְܲλڳκһ˵Ҷ޻˵һδɵСӣֶϼڿǻĹһɲһ˵ĹҼϷ
ƽơ
͵ЦϧΪҴпԸȴû뵽ϼھȻڧߺߣʧҪȥϵĹɷݱص
ֶȻҵôҿԹҲ˾ĸܲã
˵ԭڵ˼Ϸ˾һֱôȵȥ˼Ϸ˾
Ȼϼŵְλûʲô˼Ҳ֪ϧһ⣬ôͥ¾ܾȻѿ
ţھ˼Ϸ˾ܾˣ
ϧͷ
ǰɣûмǴĻ˼Ϸ˾һһڣֶһֱ֧ţ˾ҪƲˣΪܹϷ˾ң㲻֪Ϸʲô
ƽЦš
һ治֪еϷʲôĽλñ˵Ļҿھͺ㻻
㣡
ƽ˵ֶȻˣٻʲô˼һſ˼㼯군Ž
ֶû뵽һڹ˾ͣȻһĻģȦؿƿ飬ұ֤֪ڣҲ֪Һ̸ǸչƻΣ
廰
̩ɼҪϼź
ʵ
ȻϼĿǰΪֿȵļŹ˾ˣȻҪ͹źֻҪչϼòŵļðˣ
˵
òŵĴã
˼Ϸ˾Χļ¾ɵĴã
͵
ԭǼƤֶҲû˵ǿһļǮ̩ɼţҪͶʲôǶȨɾˣǻ˫
˵
Ϊ˼Ϸ˾ܾϣзȨɣ
˵
ܣʲô뷨
ϧʵ
˼Ϸ˾֮ǰһֱʹü¶ʧģܹڽ꽫תΪӯ
˵˱Ƚϲɣ̫ϲطοǱߵƤļֵ϶Ļһ϶ϼǢ̸ˣ
ֶܹǼƤļǮչҳŵ̩ɼ⼸ƤͶʲôϼŶаٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
˵
ǮԼٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֶǺջˣ
ϧͷҪʧˣǼƤҾʱȻϼź̩ɼԺ󻹻иĻģ
۵
Ǳݺһ£û뵽ôջȻϧŭ㣬ȻǾƻһС
ɶ֮Ǻ뿪ϼţд˲ˬǺϧ˽˰칫ҡ
ƽ˿һĻһ̾û뵽ֶȻΪһС㲻ҪСһĹɷݣ

㵹һϧȣ˵ǲûǰ㣬㲻أ
ǸλϣѾ֪ʲôˣҵŮ˽һĲƸңô᲻أ
Ҫ֪϶ͬ⣬һὫеĹɷȫ㣬Ϊ֪ҪǵϼŵܲãǼһߵĸԶ
ϧ˵ȴЩģôˣ
СϧԭĿģǻ֮󣬾ʹǻصģ
˵ǹ統Уȴһѣ
ʲôѣǲǽ͢ǣ
Ӧòǣǻûв
ҡͷ
ǳѣʹȥ簡һУҶܹµģֻҪܺһ𣡡
ϧ˵
ǣڵܴͨͨĽ磬仰˵һҪȥһʵܽ磡
㻹Ҫȥһ磿
ϧһȣҲ뿪ˣԶģ֪뿪֮һֶôʹĸܣ㣬ӦңǾڵϺòãǲҪȥ˺òã
㱧ϧûгŵʲô죬ʶѾȫͷųȥˣѰ˵ǿȻѶҲͷԵ޹ʸҪһƽٵġ
ϧȻ㱧ڻУȴһֱ֪ʲôʱҪ뿪ǰøܲöĿ࿴ܲãߣֻǸСŮ˰ˣŮĹչֻˣ
㿴ϧ۾Ҳ˵Сϧ֪лкܶɻ󣬵ǣѡĻһҪֿģҪֿҲᾡ㣬ʱҺԶֿˣ
ϧͷӣ˺ľ֮⣬㻹жٸ֪

Щ֪롣


1711 ŷʿ
Ǹȥ˼Ϸ˾ȻԼеȷû̫Ȥ⹫˾һģô˵ҲҪʼղźã빫˾ŷֹ˾е˴඼޾ɣǰĵԵУҲһɫϷ棬ȥϰ࣬Ϸġ
λôô찡
һ˾лԱ㣬ʲôܣܣҿˣ꣬ȥ˰
ǰ˵û̫ӡֻһʵƽʱɻ״̬ô
⡭
ǸԱƿԡ
˵˭ôĿЩϷITԱϷ֪һôҪ֪ܾأ
ǵܾӦ֪Լˣ
㵭˵
ܾˣ
ǶĪ
󣬴ܾ칫߳һˣŲٶȻ˵ǲҪңұְˣǰλڵܾ
ܣıˣ
Ϸ绯һĻõЩ˶ЩĿ
ǸʶԱ˵û˼Ϸ˾֮ǰܾһֱܾ

ܣ۲ʶ̩ɽû뵽ǹ˾ܣ

ܣӵĵ绰֮ʱҲãȻȻף㣬ϣù˾
ţ
ͷ
һ̣˾еԱվǰﶼ쳣ṫ˽𣬶ȴ˵굱йڹ˾ȫõҰ칫˸ԼĸλϺúøɣҿ˭ڲҵ澺ֿϷĻһݹˣ·ݹҲҵ
벻ܾȻǸôˣԤ⵽˼Ϸ˾һġ
㷸հѵôܿǺͦǵģ˾Ǿ޿ҲûзƢֻǸǲҪ㿴ܻϰʱϷô

ʱţһʱܿ͹ȥˡ
˾еԱףһĽǶţǷûУܴȥûгأѵһֱô򶼲ģ
öİһܾ湤ˣȻ鿴ϣһߵ½վһ߲鿴ģո·ܵİ칫ҺһЩٶ˵
ȷֱ̬𣿡

ǣ
㽫칫Ŵ򿪣˵û뿪ɣ
ûУܣ
ţϼӰ࣡
˵
Ӱࣿôңεһ죬ҪŪǣ

˵Ѿ˾һЩ仯;߶һ飬ƶķҲˣõкúÿһ飬ȻüԱ˵ȥʵʩ
ܣһȼҶϷȷǻһʱ䣬֮˾ģ£ϷһЩģµĸӱ棬ҲϷ˥Ҫԭ򣡡
Ա˵ڿķ㻹ϷΪ򰡣
еļƻ鵱Уϸĸ˾ȷģ¡һȼҶƳ˵Ϸ籾ǣЩֻ˲Ż֪ģ³ģ
˵ҪˣڿʼÿӰһСʱʣֱǸ㶨һУ
ʲôʣֻйеĴˬλϰ廹ǲ
Ҷ˵ǰҹ˾ϰˣмصģ

֮뿪˾Ϊڰ칫ӵ˺ľĵ绰СҲ֪Ҫĺ룬Ȼ֪ľԼԷȻҾܾ
ԼһҾƵ棬ľĴһŮ緶ȥǡԻ֣Χ˶Ļŭŵĸоڿһ㣬޸п
㣬ֻܲ㻹ҪͨСϧ칫ҵĵ绰ͷۣ
ľԹ
ôˣŷֿһϣô
ЦӺõ˰ɣ
öˣҽ˵ڵͿԳԺˣֻԺҪĵ㣡
ţ彡Ҿˣ
ͷ
֪컬࣬ˣҵҰְ˺֮ϻе飬Ҳ֪͢ǲŹģ
ľ˵㣬ܲܰҰְ֣
ʲôİְ֣ǲ۰ôУҵĿİɣ
Ұ֮ǰôصˣҿɲ뿴ˣ
ľ
ľһֱû˵ĿԶҲǿ˹ȥƵһīԱȥīˣǵҽԺҪɱ׵Ѫ
Ƶ濴񰡣
ЦЦ궫ȥѪ³һ㶫ģ
ľҲһֱֻѪıӰȥҪ㣬Ҹ׾Ҫ⵽һĶˣ

Ƶ¥һ͵ҹܻᣬŷʿڶϲŵĵطöҹܻҹ궼Ҫ̫࣬ΪҹܻŮˣǰٷ֮ٵ
ʿˣ˰Ҽʿˣ
ʿô
ŷʿ˵潫ǰڨŮ˵ֱָӰ˳һУǸŮ˱ͽŷȴû뵽ŷȻ΢ĲˣȻһ̣ϣһƱȴ˦˹С椣㳤òң
ŮЦݣʱŷǰڿ㷭ûκ
ŷϺһ֧ʿ裬貽ᣬͦεģм˧һȺŮ˶ΧߣǷ˻һ
ŷϲµĸоһֵŴʵ۵ĸоһŮǣ˫ֶѾŮ˵ɲ
ֺ͵ƹȾ£Ůֻȫ˷ܣûа㷴˼
ˣ֪ϲƯŮô
Ϊʲôֻ֪ϲشģģƯģûмϲƯأ
Ϊҧȥһ̺ˬ֪ô
ŷڳŮĲزţŮҲǸоŷݺܼ񣬵ûᣬΪʱ˿˶Ǵһָ߶˷ܵ״̬Ͼ˼̫࣬˵ʿϲҧĻǾҧ
Ǻǣ˾ǺˬҾͲˣ
ŷͻȻѪɫģŻˣֱҧǰŮˣΧŮ˶ڿơƣǿŷֲģΪԼˣΪڿѪռǡأ
Ȼһ̣ŷȴǾԼôҧȥˣȻĿŮ˵ĲӣûаѪɿŮˣʶţҪ֪˭ƻĺ£
ʿˣҧҧҰ
Ů˱ƵڵϣýĦŷ塣
ŷȴûǰɧͷȥĿ⾪ȣԭǣôˣ


1712 Ѿ
ǻɻңŷҲ᲻֪ǰ˭ر㣬Ǹǿ˵ӵĶˣڲǲһɿֲص˾˿ɵһ㡣
ߵС椵ƯĺܣȻŷʲôǴʱ˿̣ǲŰ뷨
ŷʿϲ˶ĵطһУѵͲ»ֻôʱŷʿǻĲ˵ģ
Ц
ô˵ЦЩѪܹһЩģֻǵҵĺãǵѪȵһģ
ŷк̨˼ƹ
ɳϣŷ˵Һ֪λʲô飬ҪɱҵĻȻᷴΪ֪ҲĶ֣
֪ͺãǲǽ̻ɱҸ׵ģ
λСǽ̻ʽҲɱĻΥָҲ᲻ö㶯ֵģ
ʿٵϷҵŮ˵ĻһѪɫɷĩģûв´ĻѪɫӦþѪŰɣ
㾿ҪҴʲô֪һģ
ŷħһģֻҪ֪ģҲģҪ֪ҿɲĶ֣
еľƱȸһ
һٴοŷʱŷƺһЩ仯ͫһĹâУŷʱһϲЦĶˣѪУǲһǿʵ˫۾һʬ
ôˣ㵽ʩʲô
ľȻһˡ
СİɣһὫѪҺȫɣʱڵ϶󣬲㲻Ҫ£Ҳ˺ģһΪҵѪū
ŷ˵
ѪūΣҽҪɱ㣬е
ľȵ
ŷڿЦʱ۾ȴһʿʲôôЦѵ㻹ΪЩСϷô
㣬㣬ôûа£ܵģ
Ҿ˸سŵҾˣ
˵
ʱŷоԼԽԽܣͺǱܵѹһ㣬ųҲ쳣ŤȥΪֲ־˵ʲô㣬̻Ǹ϶ϼŵһͲҪưոݣɳҺͰشɱɣȻûгɹѾڲ̽ĵϸˣһȷܹԸ㣬͢ǻὫϻģ
ŷŻ
ɣҸ߽̻ʣ֮ڣǲĹҾԶ
㵭˵
ͺľ뿪¥ŷʿǶ㵽沦һͨ룺̻ʴˣҺ㽻ˣ
ŷʿ㲻ң۾Чɣ
ʵǿûа㷴֮Ҹ㣬֮ڣ㲻뿪ĹҪ
ҪߣͿܲӦЩߵİɱˣҪ֪Ѿˣ
ŷҵֻﰵûɱҵ˼ĻǿˣԺҶŭֲĶˣĻֻ·һ
ʿˣһڲأǲһΣ
һŮŷǰ̻¶ȻǺܺÿһ˫ȴͦεĺܣ޾
Ǵ˿ŷȴûаҪ֪ոտǱŵðȵFuckС椣ȻŵģͲҪˣ

ŷ¶ѪɫһʹŮ

ƵʱȻҲһУҡҡͷЩѪԷ䣬Ļʹ࣡
Ǹŷʵ̫ˣΪʲôɱˣ
϶ĵ̫ˣɱɱģȥɢɢɣ
˵
ɢôٺ٣Ҹոշ˶ŸСϧѾ·Ŷ
ǡ
ЩΡ
㻹˼ôߣҺСϧѽ黳֪ɫǿ϶ֻһŮ˵ģԺɲܰί
ľ˵
ģֻίԼίҰŮˣ
˵
ľϴЩЦݣ֣ϵǷ赭дҪÿܺɢǸжãʱֻȴҲѾˣϲ˵Сϧأ
ӹ绰ľȴһ𾪣ҲǾʲôҪһ㣬ֱӽֻڶԣȻһ˵һԣ㣬ˣ˵ˣߺߣŮ㲻ܵκ˺Ļ͸ϽĻһۿŮжң
źŹҶϡ
˵ߣ
û˵̫໰źľֱǳǰȥٶȾˣʹΧһЩɢȺŵվԭأһ˸˵ţܿ㣬ˣ
ǰȷɱһȺߣ츮еݸˣ˱СۣһֱѰ䣬Ǻͽ͢ϣҪһǰգ̻ṩϢʹǰĸɱǲ֪ڵʵǳȴ֪ϧŮˣǰϧ㲻Ϲ
ʶǿ󣬺ܿ鵽ϧܵĵص㣬츮Ǻϵ룬żҴһҴϧӰһţͶɴסãЩֻҪɱ㣬ûҪַϧ˼ǱϾרҵɱ֡
ϧǴУ
ʲôΣգⰶߵң
˵
Ϊʲôҹȥ
ŮӼѪȲã
Ҫɱ䣿
Ըϣ֣Һ޲ȫɱ⣡
ľҲܿ˫бѪԣܣ֪ȻƽʱôϲɱСˣΪмͬԹĹǵʱǻ˵ɱ£ȻҲҪ
ľվԭأӰһâһһֱӾվһҴ֮ϣѵˮӺľĽǶϿȥЩ߾Ȼ޷Ĵڡ
Ҫ֪Щɱʵǿڹ統УԲڽ͢еЩڣȻҰϧĴϣȴûܹѾվڴϡ
ţ
һ߾Щ̫ԾΪϧɴȻ˳ϰŵӶڿٽ⿪ȵ֧ˣʲôϵô⿪ˣ
Ƕ֪ô֪أ
ϧҡҡͷϵĻҳȫûǰЩһﶼɱ˲գ۵ߡ
˵ʲô֧ˣ֪֪ҪûĻͻᱻɱ
ǼɱֲֶΪŮ˶ޱȵģͼŻϧ
Ȼϧȴûаη壬ЦҲѾأ


1713 ·
ҹˮ׵ĺϣֻֻȴǵƻͨվڴϣȻӲߣȴǾмǿơ
ϧڵĴһߣȫΧϧߣһ·Ҵ˵ģһŭ֧ˣǿĸ߼ߣһֻӬ˴ǶȻſڴƻƣ
ˣ
ϧָָ档
֧ˣҿǲײĲᣬҪһͷûˣˣҪҵߵɻ
һߺȵĵĻͷǺνôһ˭֪Ŀһһ̣ӿľϣ˫ֽڷţǵЦЩζȴǼ񣬾һѵӣ˿Ȧ˵ЩӦٶܲ㣬̶֧Ҫˣ
֧ˣ
һ߽ŵĴӻͳһƬܾȵ˵㣡
ָ΢΢һƬֱӷУƬȻǰƬ˧⣺ţ͵ĵĻǺˮ׼ģƬûˣ
֧ˣ
ߺȵ
Ҳڣ
ݣ
һʱ֮䣬ΧҴֻϵɱȫһɷǴЦݣƺѾԺаж˿˼ʮΡ
һҪصϧʣȥȴ˸գϧ˿ںˮ֮ϣǸ̲Ůһ㡣
ŮӼѪȿɲãŮ
ҿǼѪȵĻ棬ҲϣңҲܰĺòã
ϧ֡
һ֧ǹŮɣ
ʮɱֳȥеߵǿҵĵ⣬һâ˵
Ȼվԭأǵĵâܣȴûа㷴Ӧһ̣ȵǰδܸǱ𣬶ڣҪǸۣ
飡
һԱЩɱֻԱѪķЩɱ˫˫ȫըѿҴѪ

Ȼ֫⣬ȴûȥ˵ûȥ
ҪҰһлˣûõģû˿ԾǣȻҲûмǴĻǿֻͨеԶˣϣǶܻŻصĹң
վϧϣںϣɾһ㣬ɷˡ
Ҵϱ֫߿أ˺ѷΣϧʵ⴬Ҫһ²ִܵǳʲôأ
Ӧÿǵˣߣ
ϧִﰶߣľҲ˹СϧЩܵʲôȻҰ㣡
ҪңСϧûйϵ
խǹ꣬ˡ㣡
˭أ
Ц
ϧͺľһһۣҪҪ㣿
ǽȥɢ
ô
ľ˵
˵˵ĶһȥˣϧҲǺߣ
ţ
ϧͷ
ֻɳ̲ϣŴϧŻоķɣмݳߵʱ䣬ΪһĹκ㻹кľ⺣ߣź磬ҹŸںƽ裬ҲȤʮ㡣
˾ɳ̲ϣٯٯһӰʦŵһĻ͵͵

ûлϧļңǷ˹˾ҹ˾ԱȻڼӰ࣬ǵĵԻҲϷ棬һЩΪӵĳ
ڰ칫ｫ˼Ϸ˾ԼһЩ˾ȫһ飬ֽһЩ¼дϷ籾һЩΪõӱϷ趨áһȼҶϷЧһ
ܣôأ
ţƻ鿴ôˣ
ʵ̫ˣӵһЩϷЧԼʵ̫ˣΪôȤǲôиɾģ
ͷƨĵĲֻ֪Ǽżʱ䣬ܰҵķԸϷƶã
죬죬ܷģǹ˾Ȼ˥˲٣ǼһֱǹһģܶϷ˾ûнߣ
ͷ˵
Ϊʲôڲǣ
ΪΪ
Ϊ˼Ϸ˾ļǮҹиɵǮ࣬԰ɣ
˵
ܣ⡭

ǰҲڹ˾׷ǵΣǽ󡭡
㻹δ˵꣬˱ŵܣһúøɵģ쵼
ŵûã֮һὫ°桶һȼҶ²һ飬ûдﵽҵҪȫ
ǣܣ
ŵûûмȴû뵽Ȼһѹȵĺٵĸо

ܿȥİ칫ӵһ绰ĲǼŵĵ绰һİ㣬ϣ㲻ᾪҵ
Ȼˣ˵ǽ̻Դ绰ҵĻһܳģ
ǻ£ν͢쵼ߣ
Էͳ˵ǰ㽫ν̻ɱҲҼ̳֮ʱͷһҪ㣬Ҳʧ꣬˵УǽǸ磡
ڰôǲǴ˵ȷʵô绰ѵĺڰ絽жôʵô
ЦҲôʱԺĵģʹǽ̻ʣ
вŷ֮뿪Ĺ֪֪Ѿŭ
̻ǿɲвҿǺܺͰ׵ĸ£ŭأѡڻĹֻĹеĹر࣬ϵʱ˺ҧˣ
㣬Ϊ˵Ҿ㣬㣬Ҳ뿪Ĺģбɱң
Էߵһּ¡
Ц̻Ȥ׶صķɻҪˣΪҲ֪ô
˵ʲôô֪
ʶˣŷ˵֮󣬽̻ʲĹزȥʶ˽̻ʵλãСͲҶһ룬Ͷ˻Ʊ׼·
ɻͿɣֻرգ
ֻ̻ɽկİɣ߿
㽫칫ҵŴ򿪣ЩԱ֪ҪʲôǱǿ㽫绰Ͳ򿪣̱Fuckһȥ
Ȼǽ̻Ǳ߳ſս˵㣬Ϊ뿪Ĺôһλħ񣬵ʱħĴ£Ҫưȫ򡭡
ܣǼһ˭Ҳһ˰ɣȻôɣǲŮսʿ
ܣ㻹ܹҵɵķʽȻҵôǵļһ
ʲôԲ޵ˣ

㣬ܿħı̽ĺģ
ЦܴԱЦ̻Ѿȫ¼ˣ㾪׵ˣټ


1714 
㻹û뵽һεĽ̻ʾȻԲУ֪Է绰ҫʲô˼ȻηԼĻֺαҪɻ·
µе͸¶һ֪ǷʵϢħ١
ϵͷ˵ĹΣʵпڵλ潵ٵǿߡ
ǿ߼Ȼû㵹ÿ̫࣬һԱ¼ŵϣԱһȻ⣬Ҫ֪жޱȳޱصһˣôϲĵ飬ҶԷǽ͢еĽ̻ô
ѾˣüŵĲң
ţ㣬Ѿ߹ˣ
ҲǿԶһЩͷΰĳŰ칫ɫ԰ףвѪ˿ûмǴĻĲԼĸλսҹѵúۣƣʱ
ܣ
Щվ̫ȣʹ̫Ѩ˵̫ûܶˣȻôۣ
˵Ҫɹ
ܣھͿԴȥ°ġһȼҶǵ3DԽΣ

ţ
Ķļ򣬶ʱо嵱ƺһǿʹҹƣͣȻʧˡ
ԵĿţһôͻȻ֮ôоˣѵ¾ôģҪ֪ǰǱҲĹģ
ŵԱвٶſڵϴ˯ظλҪǽѣȴǱסˣһ̨绰ݡҲڿڵϲ
ܣΪʱִ̫ˣֻʱ䣬ֻܸЧʱٳĻ»ԽԽõģ
˵
㲻ǫ飬ǼȫϵһŶӣ˼Ϸ˾һܾûǵĲܣĻ˾𣡡
޵ҿĳɹ⣬ǻֻҪֹһЩBUG֣Ϸٴ𾪵ģ
ܣһ£Ϸ籾Ǵģ
ѵǸ磬㿴뿪˾ô
Լдô
ţҼ侳𺳵Ϸ籾Ų°ġһȼҶһϲģ
Ϸ˿ûлɣȥϢɣźӪŵ˹
ͷ
źӪŵĲǽߵǰЩ֪Ҫ˵ʲô
ŵѾܸ˵һôǣڽϷƹ㣬ʲô
ܣǻӴģǡ
ҡҡͷȻϼŵӼ˾ÿϼŶǹ˾Ԥ㣬£ҪӴѣ
ǵ˼ǣ
Ǻֶ³ĲôܴԤ㣬°ġһȼҶ¾ʤܴˣ
ôȥֶ³Ԥ㣬ȻϷ˵ĻǰԴô
ңܣ
һ
ֻᱧԹϼŸǵԤ̫٣ûÿù˾ʧ˶ǮƾʲôϼҪҵһ֧ǣ
˵Ҫȥֶ³ҪԤĻʵ̫ˡ
ܣǻᾡģ
㿴˿ʱ䣬һҳλո¼µĽ̻ʵ¼˳λҲǳһ⡭ով˵ڰ칫һܡ
Բеˣ
¼ŷŵϲһСʱȻѾ˳ʮĵʣǽλ¼
ܣҶ˼ˣ¼ô
ǻСƹ㣬ҲЧƹˣϣǲʧ
˵
ܣѾ뵽ôˣԷǽ̻ʣȻһϵеĳ⼸죬ͻѵһˣʱýǰٶ˵䣬ֳһɹ
Ҳý˵κһֵģ
ҡͷ
ܣôû뵽أԽأܳԽʱ䣡
ˣڴǵı֣
ûж˵ʲôǱϾרҵϷ˾ԱܶרҵԵ֪ʶǱԼҪö࣬ضʲô
ܣĵ绰
ͷӹеİ칫ҵ绰ӣ⼸쵹ڹ˾ͷأҴοο㣬ѡطɣ
ţҪȥ㣡
Ц
ʱ̸ֵܻĲıϡ
˼ͬʱִԼţŵУϧ촩һɫְҵװһλ˾CEOһλʥϾŮ
öϧ˵ڹ˾ô˵ƴɣ
ô᣿Ҫһ飬Ҫʲôأ
ߣʹɣҿʵ㣬ڻϣƽ˼Ϸ˾ˣȻǶϴε鹢ڻ
ʲôڣѵҵôżأ
ɿɶٲù˾Ҫ˼Ϸ˾
ҡҡͷСϧҿǱ㺦ˣջص˾ҪôһλλȨ֮˴ѣڼеӲù
̫ˣҲŲأ
ϧЦ˵⼸쵽ڹ˾ʲôչ
ܣ
ң֪
Ҫ˵˵ܲٲܲپ͵Сϧ㿴˭ˣ
ţŵĴ⣬һɫװĺƽ˽ߣҲ̩ɼŵܲá
˾Ȼһ飬벻
ƺûпϧھ˵ĲԶ£˵϶Ц棬ȥ̽ź顣
һ̣ԱĽˮںƽϣ߲ȻŭҪҶԷľָ˵˿ȴ⿴ϧһϧȻϲãϾڤڤ֮עһ㣬ܲϲȴڤڤΪʲôҪעϧһ
ݣô֪ǰ¿ô֪Ǯһô
Ұȥϴһ£
ϴиƨã
ϢŭԱҲף뿪ɣ̩ɼùҰĵ棬ʱҸһŽ𿨣ķʲôʱ򶼿ȥѡ·
˵úܴ
ƽǸ̰ͼС˵ļһ˵ϣԽǮԽ벻ͷȻ˵ˣһ˵ʲôأ߰ɣ´γģÿζôõĿˣ
ƽڹעԼ·ȴֶ֣ڲԶòǻȥкɣ
ţֶ
ƽһҪ֪ϵʱǽܣñ֪رϧ˳Ŀ⿴ȥϧȻڲԶţǻû˾õ㣬ţţǲֺȫȻûע⵽ǡ


1715 
Ǻƽȷϧţŵ꣬Իɺط˵ˣȥԵ̫СϾϧϼŵܲãȻϼŰٷ֮ʮҵĹɷݣʵڹ˾滹ְģļ棬ȻϧɻǱ³ʲôǾͲˡ
ĺƽļ˵ϧϴǰ㣬Ըչǰٷ֮ʮĹɷݣӦ㵣̩ɼŵĸܲã㻹ʲôҿʵĺܣ
ƽζĿһۣЩ˻϶ı۵飬ȻռĿҪϼŵõϧʱϼŵ
ƽͷ˳ϧȥʱţȴеķɳһС飬þ͵ںƽɫװϣŸİšƽȭͷսˡ
ţⲻǺ򶭺ôѽ򶭣ǲ˼ҵһγţţǲСеϣ·ɣ
˵
㣡
ƽҪŭ˵֣һ·ˣӲãֶҺͺֱҪкģڿĹͺǺϲǰ
ôᰡ
ϧҡҡͷҽ챾̸˾ģǲĻһɣ
һ
ϧĻЩЩϲ콵˼ֻк׿ף˳֪㵽׺ϧʲôϵ֪ܺϧһ
Ҫ֪ϧڶģҲ˵ȫϧϣ벻顣
ֶ⣬಻˼
һ˵һϧϵλãȻû뵽ǣϧʱҲ漴ϣƽûѡȻֻϡ
ζҪըˣʲô鰡ϴϼŵĹɶ飬ûӾˣһţŵ꣬㻹ҪˣңߣˣӽϼŸˣʱڴʹ
ͺԵʲô
ϧ˵
ɣҪĲǳʲôҪǺʲôһ԰
˵
㣬ţŵȽϤɣ
ţԱţ
㲻˼
ʲôţţŵ꣬ΪʲôҪǳŰ
λȷʵóЩ
Ա˵
ϧһۣȻļҵķԱƷǰһﵹŲɵӡ
Ҫ죿
ȫ죬Ҳ̫ϲѪȣ
˵
õģλԵȣ
Աߺ󣬺ƽ˵ֶû뵽ôɣұҲǺײһԷȴû뵽ǣ
˵ǸǡֵʱݺݵĵһۣȻǺܲ㡣
ϼеĴɶǩ˱Э飬ҿûȥϼŵĴɶ°ʱɣ
ϧ˵
ƽͷֶ˵ǣǺ̩ɼȻ̳ǵˣ˽½ǲֵİ
Ļһô
ֶڲ֪ΪʲôϼŻڶ̶֮ڳλٷ֮ʮĹͶ㣬仰ûа㹧ά˼ʮˣΪûֶؽϣǺ͹δҲҵԸ
˵
иõĻĻ²ңҶԵŰݷã
ϧ˵Ҫ̸۵Ļº򶭻᲻˵İ
ƽȴҡͷֶˣֻ˼ǼδķչˣⲻǵĻȥģ
ţ˼δʱϲĿڷԱβôһзԱأ
˵
ƽ죬ŵĿȷʵһֱһȫģذзԱβȴû뵽ⶼ㿴ˣһŴҵ˵ǸСôȥ
ĬԺ϶ֶĵ֣
ˣǰҿĵأ
ϧ˵
ֶʵǫ飬˵Ǳ㻹㣿
ţȻ
ϧͷ
ƽȴ˵ֶȻ˵㻹Ҫ㣬ô˼Ϸ˾Ҳһܹˣ

ֶûãûгɼһжȻ㽫䵽ȥҲûð
Ҫ
˵
޶һʱգǵʱڣ˼Ϸ˾һ̶ˮ뿪ϼţ
ȻɣԸ棬öʣ
죿
ƽ룬˼Ϸ˾ϸȻ˼ǧҪŤתƣô򵥣Լµʱ̫̣ϧ϶ᷴԵģǶµʱ̫Լʱ¶ȥ̩ɼţԼʲô˼
˺ܾãö⣬˵Ҫһ޶ڵĶԼ֪ĶԼ˭ʤ˭أ
ͣ£
ƽЩٶ۵˵ƺϧб仯˵ǰɣ
ƺЩ˵ɣ
ҡҡͷ
껹
ֵˣ˼Ϸ˾ĿҲĺܵģûмʱôתΪӯҪ֪ڵϷгͱռˣ˼ҪչѶȼ󣬱úƽЩǿѵ̫ˣȴû뵽˿һ
ǣ˵ã
һ£
˵
һ£
ƽȵĲһˤȷһ¿Խ˼Ϸ˾תΪӯôǲˣ
һǶˣʲôͷȤ
˵
䣿㣬ϷҵеˣȻҲ㣬ˣȥϼŵĴ
ҪǴϼŵĴȥӰǼŵϷŹǼŰ
˵
Ҫ
ƽ
ڼеİٷ֮ʮĹɷݣȻ㻹Ҫ̩ɼȥ
˵
ʲôҪҵĹɷݣ
ƽɫһ䣬ȻҪȥ̩ɼţСǲ֪ʲôǴĶ磿
ҲﰵҪƽ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ㻹̩ɼŸʲô̩ɼſɲˡ
ô򶭸ող˵ԼܻôһĵļһȻẦ°ԼĹɷݷڶעϣҪ֪ҪˣһëǮظȻҪǺǰʱµĻܣҲܹõģҸ˾΢΢
˿ˮ
ģ˭˵ҲҶģˣģҶģ
ƽЩ״
ۣ
һˮǺƽ棬һ˿Ѳһ㣬ɫΪѿҪ֪ǣϴŵİװһαŪˣһΣĿˮʱðɵվһֻ˼ѪĹһ㡣


1716 
㣬㣬϶ǹģҾʿҲ޿ˣ
ƽҪĳ嶯
ʱԱȴǸλǸõˣǵŵˣ
ŰϣҲǽƽ˵ҿǹҪﱻ͵ķŵ־ȥǶĺأСӷһ֮Լڲ񣬿ܱQʲôʱ򣡡
ߣʵˣ
ƽ
õò氡
Աһ䣬ϰҲùģһˮ˵ȻҲõ˵档
֪
ƽ˵
ϧⳡ־Ҳʱճˣ˵򶭣ҺỹЩ˽ҪģͲŶλˣ
ţζͦģ
˵Ǻϧһͬȥˡ
ﻹһֱ˽£ǾȻ˽Ҫ̸㵽׺ϧʲôϵ
˸ճţŲĴţȴǱһȺΧϧΪǶԼģȴû뵽ǳ㣺֪ڷŲһݵĲɷãΪǶǶͽ̻֮ĶԻѾȷ绰Ǹ˵Ҫȫļһǽ̻ʣ㣬㵽׺ͽ̻֮ʲôϵ
У㵽ʲô˰ʧȥĸط
µ˼Ϸ˾ܾǹ˾δķչﰡ

Բʵ⣬ˡԻش𣬲ҵǿԸһԣ
˵
ʲôԣֿý̻ʱɶͯˣһźܶԣ
ȻҸոڲ̩ɼŵܲúϼŵĺƽһϳţ˵ĶʮģԼȥɣ
ô𱬣һֱΪ̩ɼŵϲϧСأ벻ϲ˰Һƽƺֳ󰡣һ𣬵˭ǹ˭ܰ
ߣǽȥ

ͺƽûгţĵĸɫЩ߳һ̣òźƽЦЦЩȻޱȵ
Щһ۾ܿƽ·ϵˮգȻûʲôĻƽôܳԷţųʪأ
һʱ֮䣬ȫ׼ˡ
ʲôǸʲô
˶ϽͷסԼ
ôһԶأһǳţôȤĶҪ֪ȥϲľˣ
ˣ·ôʪʪģǲڴ֮ͥ˸ʽʪأ
ҸոռǰЦݣȥӦǿܣ֪ΪʲôϧС㣬תϲģ
һϵеļ߷ʣ˶ˣȫû뵽ԷȻôһ䶯
߿ЩְԼߣǳˣھߣ
˸ϽһסüգһƿӵµȺȥ
ʱеľҲ׷˳ȥλλǻûиǮأ
ôûиǮ
ͺƽȵ
λҲվǰҲľͲʶǰ˾ʲôó˵˹ĿĿɿڴʲôǾȻûи򵥣
Ȼָϧ

ϧߣɳ̲ϣʱĺɫ׷ףѾ̣ϧЦ㣬滵Ȼ򵥣
Ȼ򵥣ǿˢĿأ׬Ǯ࣬ҿ᲻ã
˵
磬ͺƽ˯˺þˣ
ֹ˯˺þ󱨿ǳǸţ̩ɼŵĹƱŹ֣ǲҪϼôڿѾʹļˣ
úƽҪѱˣ
ϧʵ
ôԵ飬ҿɲῴһʮͷӺһʮˣҿɲŲǣǣ
ţƽڼҲǴɶҼΣûҲ׼һúú㣡
ϧ˵ĶԼʵ̫ûҪˣһµʱҪ˼Ťתƣأ
ΪʲôôΧ
ǵģҪҪɷ㣬㾿ʲô
һ춼ûпŰϰ߿ɲã
ϧһۣҿǿһأֻ
ҳϧҲǷųһ¼̻ǿԴ˲ʱ˳һȣֲãЩ߻㣬ԭ¼ڶ̶̵һʱڣѾĵʣҿӣȻҪ¼
̻ʵͷʵ̫ˣ㣬ɹԼ˼Ϸ˾òϷ޷ıƣ
Ҫ֪ϷҵȻҪΪҪĻϷ
Űɣ⼸˼Ϸ˾ͬģ
ãҲ뿴ô漣ģ
ϧͷ

գý嶼ڹע顣
һǽ̻ʵĻĺۣ¼ýܹ֤˾ǽ̻ʵĻûʲô˼ǽ̻ԲɷãýĿⶼϣһ죬˼Ϸ˾ҲǵŹؼʣϵʼߡ
һϼеĺƽ̩ɼŵ¼˻ĵƬǲģһĹϵѽˣңλ۹ڵ϶ȻţŲӵʵ벻
Ȼı̩ɼŵĹƱҲ̩֮ͣɼŲƴ֣ù񳹵ɥʧģϾ˭һͷӸܹܲȷ쵼̩ɼ졣
ž
̩ɼŵĹɶϣһϣüͷ壺˲£ȫϼǸļһĹã
㣿⼸仰Ǻ̩ɼʧڰ
ǲܻǶ¼е㣿
ɶ׷ɻ
˵˵ϺܸӣǰҲϼźճҰּһмİңСӣܲ򵥣
˲㣬ĺͺƽһΪǸ֮ˣԽ飬ԽǺȻо˵ĿֲȻϧ֮£Ҫ֪һϧܹϼͻͽټ㣬ϼʵǿ٣ɲǸϢ
СӾΪʲôҪ̩ɼţⲻ˲ô
˲ǾϼʧôƽʲôϼֻһɶˣƿϼŵϧֻҪϧǲ׶ҡģ
˵ϼŵְ˼Ϸ˾ܾҺͺƽһµĶԼҾúܿڳĿľƳ˾зϷıľƣ


1717 
ϼµϷ˾ֻССְˣӯΣǵĿǽϼŻ壬ȻĿǰǻĹһļǵĵ̫ǳУ
˵
С̩ɼʧ˹ڣҲҪĻϼŻΪ̩ɼŲҶԸô
ȵ˼Ϸ˾ҪƳʲôϷ̩ɼŶҪ취
ǣ
һ棬̩ɼҲϾҪ͹ϵĴӹˣʱڹȫԲϼţ
Ŀ⾼ݵʧܣϼȸһ°ˣ

һ죬㶼û˼Ϸ˾°ġһȼҶƳǷԸżϷһЩЧԼԤBUGһϵеĳҲʹ˼Ϸ˾Ѿý忪ʼڴ˼Ϸ˾Ķˡ
ܣǻô˼Ϸ˾ѾﵽǧˣҾģ°桶һȼҶػģ
ôҾû𣡡
ҡҡͷʱ򣡡
ܣڵʲôأ
ٵȵȣҪʱҺҲһΣ沦һ绰ǽϷƳˣ
˵
ţܣ
󣬰칫Уϧ򿪵绰㣬һϢ
ʲôϢ
һֱĽ̻¶ˣϼŵһýһʱɷйĵһϣ
ѶƬȷ
˵
ܿ죬䵱бǽһƵļļԺĿĹű
ű֮У̻ʻ˫ɴ󣬳Щ߿𣺡Щ׳գΪǶ¼ôǣڰҪ٣ʱ綼ɱ¾֮УЩ˵ģһĶˣʱȫʬ
̻ϵƴʢһҪǰЩȫɱ뷨ߵλȴý̻̻ʻ´ʱҲȫһһûбȥ˵Ƕ¼ʵģŷģǴĹôܻħ񹴽أһµСıڣ
ǣ
Ƭݵûлˡ
ϧ绰Ƭˣ
ţҪȵͷⲿƬüԱټӹһ£һֵĳǰΪϷ·
˵
費ҪϼŵĴýҪ֪ǹ˾ĳ޵ĺܣ
ɣϼŴĸҲʱǻծˣ
ţҪĻͺ˵и㣬ƽˣûڱָֻţҾÿᶼ
ϧЦ
˵绰㽫ƬԱӹչһֵĳ

һϵеĳʹ˼Ϸ˾ϵﵽڵ㣬ڵӴý϶ڽ˼Ϸ˾ı
ڰ칫ŵĸ˶棬һμ㲻ͬǴ˿϶Цݣȴϰķ
ڸоôҸǣҾϷУǻ᲻һԱڴУ
Уܣҵʮ꣬ûһϷƹ㣬аգȵǵϷʽʱ򣬳ж𱬣
ҲǼÿϸڵԭ򣡡
ͷ
ܣʵʱǶ֪ϼ칫˾һֵܲŸңԭǰľ㽫һȼҶϷƳĹܶԸ߼
Һ֪ܵʱԶٸ߼ڵأ
ڻǰڣǲ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷǰЩǶһݵı飬˵ŵ㣬°桶һȼҶϷƳǶȥ׼ɣ
Ƭ̣绰ܣϢѾȥˣһӣϷ̳ϾѾע˼ǧ˻
ţ
ܣã̳ϳ˴ϷĻһЩעҽܶ࣡
ܣӦ÷Ǻô
ãӵҲǲ֧ǵңҪЩ⾺ҪĶ࣡
˵ˣüȥЩ˵IP
һСʱ绰ܣ˵ĹȻûһСʱעѾ˽ˣЩˮ۽ûˣ
Ҳ鵽̩ɼµĿϷ˾
֪ˣǣ
㵭˵
İ칫Ҳӵµĵ绰̫Źˣ˼Ϸ˾ǱûκζĬǵΪֻǵķ˿ʵ̫ˣǶмܲסˣ
ǸʲôԵģòҵ˶ô
Ǻ˲Уʵ֧ǵ̫˰
ǹ˾ĺڿͽǵϷڵģһȺͰ
Ĺ˵绰ҳǴĿİϷעĿһżСʱôˣ
Ϸ
̳
Ǻܿ죬㿴Լ۳ûȥˣ̳ǵڴϷеϢ
ģǲǹӶˮ

롣
ϼŹɶ顣
Ÿոսĺƽϧ˵ôˣѵÿأ
ֻǵС⣬ֶˣ
ƽҡҡͷ
ƽҪߵһλϧȴǽס壬λˣ
ˣ
˵꣬ǿվ棬ŹЦݣõúƽܣû뵽Ҳμӹɶ飡
ţ򶭵˼ҵǲ̫ףûʸμɶ黹ΣУҪ֪ڼռеĹɷݿǱһڼУҪһɣ
ЦűλϣĺƽҪҧûиŴκļһҲ˼Ҫϧ㣬͹ˡ
Ȼû϶˹ɶúƽ˵ֶλöûˣⲻô
壬ˣǰ벡٣Ӻ˼λɶеļλöûˣøӽ
ϧԸȥ
ܿӣӷϣƽȥݺݵһۣߵûҰ
Ȼˣôǽ̸̸ǰչں֮ˣ
ֶ˵ˣΪλҪ̸ѵôĻʲôϵô
ƽŭ
ȻʱЩ߽ôĻҺôᱻΧ£
壬֮û漰ŵ棬ȻνϾֻǸŵܲãܶǵ˽ֹǣΪǸţȴʹϼŵĹɷݽ˰ٷ֮㼸ٷֵ㣬Ҫ֪ϼйɷݽ͵ʱ򣬶Դˣϣһͣ
ϧ˵


1718 
ֶҺʲôϵûأԷʱǲҲôҺҪʲôĻͿˣ
ƽ˵
ҵȻ֮䴿꣬ʵǹ˾Ĺɷȷʵһ콵ģǲʵ
ϧ˵ҲҪ㽻ǲɶҪ
ɶǲΪƽȴһֱ˳ۣˣҺ񻹳аٷ֮ʮĹɷݣֶ˵ڵҵĿڴ˼ǧ˰򶭣Ǯô
ƽȻߣȴǲ֪η㣬ȻɷݽͣɶǿڴǮȻǼ١
ƽԸ⵱ڹɶưͿ
˵ɶΪСĹף¶˵ң޻˵㣬ʲôʸĹɷֶģΪŸʲô˼Ϸ˾ҲǿǮϣ
Ŷ㻹һΪڵĶԼʱϣԾϼţ
һº󣬽ʧ
㵭Ц
ʱߵ㣬ϧҲǴ򿪵ԣҲͶӰڴĻϣ˶ܿϧĲ
ϧ½°桶һȼҶϷ棬ĹϺȻдţʱһŰעûл֧֡
һ򣿡
˶ϧЩ⣬ǹɶ飬ƽ޹ʴϷ棬ʵЩˣȻ˿ϧ
ȻϧҪΪҪ֪ϷҵҲǷչѸ٣ϷտŰעȻһϷɼ
Ҳʾ°桶һȼҶδǱǳ
ƽҲܾȣһȴ˵ôһϷעᣬĳµ˹ӶˮעɣʵϷͲˣ
Ҫ֪ˮǱ˵ĺܣëǮһĳЩΪ˵滹ԸǮģ
ëǮһ򶭵Ǻ˽
㲻һЦǰһȼҶʱ򣬱עҪ٣֪ǰǻ˶ǮӶˮأ
ǰǰʱϷҵ췭ظı仯㣬ΪˣЩıֶξŵң㣬һº˼Ϸ˾ҪûӯĻ͹ϼţ
ƽվӣϧ˵治˼ֶͻȻЩˣĻᣬҾͲȥˣ
ƽ뿪˾һ绰Ǵ˹칫ҵĺ룺֣²
ôˣ
㲻֪˼Ϸ˾³Ϸô
ող֪ʲôýŵģһϷˣӶٶˮҲû취ù˾ӯģ
ְ֣㻹Ǻ״˼Ϸ˾ճϷʵ̫ˣǽߵ㿪ϷģѾ˽ȥˣҺƲɵ
ƽŵⲻ˵ôѵЩϷҲˮô
ˮɳˮʵҸûȥˣˣ˽⣬ѾмҴ͹˾׼Ҫע˼Ϸ˾һأ
ݣģ
ƽ̧ͷŹ˾ʮ¥ҲڿŴ⣬Ц⣬ЦȴںƽޱȿֲŵøϽ뿪ԭأͣȥһţﻹ˵ţܵģԲܵģôôͣ
ҪŤת˼Ϸ˾ľƣǸô죿
Ľٷ֮ʮĹɷóôԲС
ƽһ˿â㣬Ҫ˼Ϸ˾ͱĺٷ֮ʮϼŵĹɷݣڵŰɣһոģ

֮°桶һȼҶҳϵҲʹϷ鲻
Ȼõ۶ۡ
ݼŵͳƣ۵гһ붼ǾֵĶۣûаʵ壬ȻҲһЩٱЩҲͳúϷ
ܵ˵°桶һȼҶǼģͷųϷҵͷ칫˾LOLơ
ոгƹ㲿칫ңϴƲסЦݣıҲǵݵУߴµĿһ£ͷȫǵɵУϷĳ˰ٷ֮ʮ壬ҵԤƷΧ֮ڣ
ܣҪ֪ǵϷ죬г˴ĺ䶯ǰͳƵLOLռ˰ٷ֮ʮò˵ϷĳɹǸ漣
Щ˷ܹͷҪǰĻ¾ҪˣϾǰ˼Ϸ˾϶ǻӹû̫Ͻģĵȴù˾Աȫšһ
ܣ°桶һȼҶߣҲȥ˲ٹ˾Ԥ㣬ڹ˾Ԥ㣬Ҳʣ޼ˣ
ʣ޼ŲǸ˾ÿҲҪ¼ǧôǮأ
㻹û뵽˾ȱǮ
ܣǲ֪ŵеǮǷĴλһβӦǰģϼеĲһֱŲ˵
Ѳ񲿵ĵ绰ңҵҪҪʲôʱ򣡡
˵
ܿ죬㰴һ룬Ǹ˵˵˼Ϸ˾ܾȴЩм˼̸Ԥ㻹û²飬ԷЩ壬һ仰ȴ˵˵ѵǼв񲿵İЧôҪ治ŵĻȥֶɣҲСһŮˣ
㰴ᣬƹ㲿üܣʵ̫ˣһֱǹ˾˵Ǽ棬û뵽ɣǰ׳գ
ȻߣԼĽˣԼǰѣȻǼ䲻ˬһ顣
Ҳֶ֪³ĹϵͬСɣҪæǽ˴˶Ǽпܵģٲãֶ³绰С̽Ԥ㲦׾١
û뵽ȴһȻû£ԤǲҲûϵȻ˾Ϊ򵥵ģ
ţǣϣ
֪Ϊ϶Ȼ˼ȻǾз磬Ȼдι˾ǰЭ̺ˣעʱز٣ǣϷ߼찡ϷгȻޱȣϷδǱ˭Ҳ޿Ԥϡ
Ҫ֪ǰһȼҶ֮ʱڸ𣬵֮أһ겻ΪϷľ䰸
ͷβʼٸ߿ɾǰλǵϰأ
ôıڻҸո˵Ļأ
Ʒһڲ裬Ǻľ͹ģϵȵıݴζŨѰζǲŶԷƺЩǵһЦڿӦ˵ʵʵ˵ٻƨô
ܣ㣬ôʲô֪أ
ЩȵĿ㡣


1719 ѩ
ѩҪǱˣѾ³ʮٻˣҿϣƴҵڴѧ꣬ù־ѧ𣬴ѧѧԼҵǱнƸ칫˾꣬ҵڣΪϷƹĸΡǰչĻӦûᵱ칫˾ƹ㲿ŵĲߣǰޣ
˵Һѡʱ»
ƹ㲿ѩ̧ͷʮͣ쵰ƤܲױϲģҲʹ֮ǹ˾ĵһŮȻΪƹ㲿ȴǼΪ͵ûҪ£һǲ㽻ġ
ѩǻر⣬Ϊʲô뵽˼Ϸ˾˵ֻ֪Ϊʲôô˾Ըô̵ʱԸעʣ
顭
ŵ˵ܣ칫˾ҪԼ
Ǻŵĸ
ѩ˵
ʲôʱԼң
˵һʱΪ׼
ѩǰͬ£Ӧü
˵
ѩЩܳ˵ܣǿóĦǹ˾Ĵæˣȫ춼ʱģŵһ˲֣ҪԹĿģһ߰˵ӣʱã
ߵ
˵
ͷ
ߵ㣬츮¥һĲ
˺ŰУһ棬Ÿڿ۾ǳȣеƽԸ㶨δɵĹ
飡
ѩŵʹƽԣаһҪյĺҾʱμ
ԴЦͷȴɫһ䣺㣿ѩҪûǴĻڿǹΪ˼Ϸ˾ƹ㲿ŵĲˣôɵϰô
ѩҲһĿһֱѩ´תƺڸоĵı仯Ҳ͵Ů˵ĺˣĿ⵱в˸оɫǣˣѩǸоЩ̫̫á
ţ˾ΧҴźûôĶթΪλֶΣ
ѩ˵
ְдѩؽ黳ܼ㣬ʵ̫ˣ˾Ϊλû
Ըٺѩס
ôҪϷ˾̸ˣ´˿޷
ʲôӦߵҼʲô˼
ɫһ䣬ȻҪõѩǴϵģ֪ҪʲôȨλĿⶼ÷ǳⲻǳô
ţ˼Ҳܴ棿
Щ̸ֻ
˵
Щȴ̸
ѩ˵ǳϰ̸ģȸˣ
ȵȣ
˵ȻܲڣЩ̸Ҳ޷ҪҪ̸°桶һȼҶϷĺ飡

ڶ죬ѩ̸صȫ㣬˵˼Ȼ˵Ǻ˼Ҫչ˼Ϸ˾Ҳ֪ǹ˾Ԥ㲻ˣ
ţһϼĲ񲿷ųȥϢ϶Ͷ·
ѩ˵
ҪͶ·ôѩ߲һʣµԤȫҽƹϷУһëǮʣ£
ܣǣǲ·Ҫ֪ϷŸ߼죬ܶ׬Ǯûпǿ벻أһŪǡ
ѩû˵꣬˵֪ˣҪ֮ضҪռг칫˾ͷŵ̬
㲻ǿƴҵ˳һ䣬Ҳǿƴҵ
㵭˵
ѩһ㶣ѵǡֶ³ģò仯ôģ
ҡͷ
ѩҼǵÿƴڶ꣬һβŮǾϲű̩ʫɹ̫أŮӼĽǣǸβŮƤԶɹڣѩ
ţ㣬㻹
ѩţôܣ
Ůʮ˱أͲԽԽ˧ô
ҡҡͷ
ۣ
ѩͷ˵Ļʵ˵䲻ΥĵĻʱ򳤵Ҳͦģǣ˭ϧһԣǿƴŮأ
ҪûǴĻʱСϧΪǿƴŮѩϧʵ̫ǫˣ
Ц
ڴѧһЩ飬ͲЩлˣѧȫϧȼãټԼԵļͬ벻Ա̬һֱСϧ飬ʹڴѧһֱ
ѩʵһμʱ򣬾Ѿµ˭ˣ俴ϣȷĲ²⣬ʱѩȻͬͬѧȴһλһֱ׷ѩԷѩȢҲΪϵʱѩǻ˵仰ȻҲǰλѴ
ϧڴѧʵĽǱҵ֮˼һ㣬˴㱻׵ˣʱоЩţϧϧǰǽ⹫˾ôôʧˣҿɲ¼Ǹ̻˵ĻȻ˵ȥһ磡
ѩʵ
һʱҲ˵ˣûϵ㣿
ѧҵеѣѧ꣬ϲѩ꣬ڱҵ֮켣ڸҹУ绰һֱѩֻѧ֮ͷĴԽԽ٣Խ磬͸ܺͷϵˡ
˵ɣ˵㣬Ҳܱ
ѩ˵ҵ֮һϵ꣬ϵ٣Ѿˣ
㣡
ЦЦҲ̫ʣǹ־͹Ϊѩʹ·֮Űսսʤһʵܲ˰ĥˣһµȥһʳĥԼճɹһݷ˶ʮʱ˭벻ͨ˷ֲдԴʹģû׷ģѵӦΪô
ʲô¶飬ܲǿɣοҴѧҲһֱأ
ţһֱţǵ÷һ޵رģ˵˭һأ
˵
ˣ
ѩҡͷȴǿ飺ˣЩҵʵǰϸˣԺûбҪĻֱӺְɣѽܣǹֵֹģ
ţܣ
ѩ˵뿪˰칫ҡ
㿴˿ѩıӰҲһЦѩϧƴʱŮ벻һΪҵţһԼ£ˣмֹ죡


1720 Ħ
ʱ䣬˼Ϸ˾ȣƺѾעΪϷгϵһǿ籩ϮʹüλϷгľͷЩ⧲˼
ԭҾͷҪע˼Ϸ˾ҪɺЭ飬Ϊϼв񲿵й¶ȴ֪˼Ϸ˾ʽ𲻶࣬һĿչ£°桶һȼҶռгԽԽ󣬸ͷҲЩסˡ
ڣͬһʱ㣬Ϸͷ˾ҪԼ̸档
ţҪôңҪôȫ
˵ǣҽæֻϾŵпգĻԣҪֻɳһЩŪҵĻͿԲҪˣ
ѩҲһݷļ칫ߣҲǲнڣеļȫϣƺ⼸İҹʹѩЩƣ˫Ѫ˿ǿӰۣ˼ҰԣѩչʱǰҲǲС¶϶һĨѩԼıƳĿбӣû뵽һй˾ͦõġ
ЩƶĹں漸Ϸƹ߻飬Ŀ£
ţ
ԵĿ£ʵѩٷְٵţ˲ñ˵˼ϣ
ѩһۣЦ㲻һԱĺϰ壿
Ҫſˣ˭湫˾׬Ǯ
֪ϰ嶼ģ
ѩ⼸ݲ߻ٴº˵һ飬ûκǳԷĹѩ˵˵мξͷѾҪǺˣأ
ţǶһҵȻ֮ãҪǣǿѾעһԤȫȥˣûԩͷĻǵĺǻܵ
㣬˵ʵϧ֮Ĺϵ᲻ò񲿲ǮģֻһкˣĻǻܴ۶
ûҪǲϹӣ
㵭˵
ѩƺЩʹͷŤһ£üͷһ˵°ɣ
ţ
ѩͷҲûк
ӦǾ׵ɣ
ô֪
ѧ￴ҽ鼮Ҳǰˣ
Ц
вŰɣֻû˵ҵȷо׵ֻҪһҹӾͻʹʱͷʹ಻ԣ
ڵľ׵ѾˣҪٲעĻ°뱲Ӿ׼ڴϰɣ
Ȼ˵Щţȴûпʣѩڵȷء
ѩҲ˵㲻˵İɣҲŶأ
޹أľ׵ĳ̶ȣû´ǰӦþҹɣ
ţʱƴҵƴ̫ףҲûôԱϰ壡
ѩ˵
ͷ
˵
ѩ⣬ˣϾУѣ㡣
ѩǿվ棬ӴҲǸܵŴֵ¶ȣƺЩУȴ֪㲻˺ûлرܡ
ѩǸо˫ְĦ쳣ͺδ׵һ㣬˵û뵽еЩʵϣҵĲӺأ
ͺúܰɣ
ʵϻ治̫ᰴĦ׵ֻ˫֮ע˷׭ʹѩϵʹᣬ԰ĦķʽҲֻΪ׭ˣĻѩᱻιȥ
ʵϸСŰĦҲŲٸѩǵͷģķ򿴹ȥܹߵؿڣѩ˫岻ǱҲʵСһǿ϶յġ
ѩĦ˵ԺǺúñľ׵ɣҹ˺飬ͲҪˣ
ţһעģԺҲǻҰĦģ԰ɣ
˵úǿĦԺһ
Цŵ㣬һ˾̸ϣʱܹúñһ
ߣѹֻôãҪҼӰ࣡
û㰾ҹ
ҡҡͷ

Ͼŵ㣬ѩִƵꡣ
ᵱУֻһˣǻеι˾ܣ½սеι˾ҲڻĹǰľͷʵǿ
㣬ܣ
һһᣬû뵽ֻ½һҵ˰
Цǹ˾ƹ㲿Ĳѩ
½սһѩҲǼΪȣȻǾѩ޾ˣûкһЩһһֱѩ˵ܣǰұҪˣû뵽Ȼʧ꣬굱Ҳһֱע˼Ϸ˾֣û㣬⹫˾ûһ㣬ٲ
֮ĳ֣ҲϷҵЩϹŶٴˣ
ûʲôԺ㲻ڹ˾˾Ҳҵ
˵
ΪôаգҪ֪˾ûаɫ
㿴һѩҲǲԣܣ
ţ
½ս˵ѩѵôҪɹ˾ĽӰ˰
ѩȻ򣬵ûж죬֪Ҳģڹ˾ͺܳ㣬½սôһ˵Ҳ֪ˡ
ڵӣ
˵û½ܣǾ̸ˣ
ܣǲӦڴǼһﲻҪҾѹˣ
½սЦ
ȴ˵½ܣҪʧˣ
˵߽꣬ˣһȥƣĿЩϵ㶼ǿˣһˣĿⶼϡ
˵УȻ칫˾ܣû뵽ػǰβסˡ
ȻǼ˵ģȻɫλϣȴϰо˼ѹ
ϷҵУľͷ칫˾ۺʵ칫˾ҲŽĹǰ塣
ѩҲǿҲУĿȴǼ࣬Ȼ͵͵ظѩ֪װĹ򣬲ûбֳκεķŭǿһۣʹĿЩȻ顣
˵Уι˾еľͷ
ѩ˵칫˾ûֻһҼ
ͷҵû뵽λܾȻôӣȫˣ칫˾Ϊû
Ҫ£ˣܣӦòôܵǰҸϳȥɣ
Ǹ˵
ȻᣬѩλȥһȲ裬Ҫͼλ̸飡
㣬ʲô˼ƾС˾ԹΣ
ˬ
칫˾ʲôְλ
ʵ
ܵ
ոջ˼ڻôԹܼ棬һ˷ʱı֣
⻰˵ģ˵ʱܵͳд͸˱ѹ˵ҲǱһ˵


1721 
ܣҲ˼Ҫᣡ
η
ˣȻϷѶ£ҲҪòˣǰͼ㣬ûұضǰΪǼŵֻϷһҵô
˵ȥʱǵðŹϣ
ǣ
ͷ
֪ѶˣǶעİ
еι˾½սЦ
½ǫˣûǴĻһǰǴǼչһϷй˾ǼһȵĹ滮𣬶½ֵҴӲɣ
˵
Ҳ໥Ȥ˼䣬½ս˵ȻǹһǲҪĺˣѻȨʱܰɣ
ͷոտλ̸˵أʵǲ岻죬λ̸Ϸ飬ôڿʼɣ
㿴ѩһۣߵͷҲǿڽ˼Ϸ˾򵥵Ľһ飬ص㽫ϷһЩӪƹȫɵ˵һ顣
һ˵꣬λܶ
رܣţΪǼŵôо죡
ѩͷǰϷ˾ƹΣ
ΪʲôˣѵǼŵĴû˾ã
ʵ
˽ԭ򣡡
ѩ˵
ܵͷ㣬ǹ˾ʧһ˲ţ㣬ϲ㣡
ţѩĽλӦĲˣҵǲ̫ǵĿǿԳˣ
˵
½սһ㵹ѹ۵Ļᣬѹ˿
ǧǶʤԸǺֻҪٷ֮ʮĹɷݣ
ǧ򣬺һֻҪʮٷֵĹɷݣ

ǶôĸǮһ䣬ҵ鱨˼Ϸ˾û˰Ԥ㣬Ҳ˵Ҫ˭ҲʱܺĻ˼Ϸ˾ǳŲһôεģ
½ս˵
ʱѡ̨ΪģֻҪǮѹȥ
ʲô½ܣ˵Ķģʽ𲻶ˣ
ɣ˼Ϸ˾ǱϼţѵϼŶԤô

½ܣܲŸո˵겻ǵĿֻǳۣƻأƺЩأ
ѩ˵鱨ЩƫУ˼Ϸ˾Ԥ㣬ոλҲˣǺƹӪƻҪ֮ǰӻ𱬣ûԤ㣬ҿûŶƹƻ飡
Уλܵϲѷֶ֣³֮Ĺϵɣǰһֽϼŷ尲ңƾȹϵǻֶ³Ԥô
˶˼Ҳǵͷϧ֮ĹϵܸӣȻȷµĹϵٲ򵥣ƾϵϼҲôСԤģ
ѩò˵ܺܵһ֣ȴż֤ݣ֤˼Ϸ˾Ԥȫޣֶ³֮Ĺϵʵڲ˵ʲôΪڳ˶̳ϵ֣̳ϣǲκζģ˼Ϸ˾һֱϼſҲֶ³ϲ
½ս˵
ô½˵֤ʲôأ
ȻҲʶϼŵв񲿵ˣЩֽסģ
½սЦ
ѩɫ΢΢Щ仯û뵽½սȻôԶԸб
ţҳһڣ
˵
һ
ǣǻذ
ƴ֣·ô

һû˵ֻ꣬ǺϷ˾ҳһڣٷ֮ʮĹɷݣˣҳڣҼǵǰҹһΣľܾң죬ԣѾܾûһˣôõˣ
ţڣ
㣡
⣬ҪعȥȫĹ˶Ҫ𺳣

ѩֱĿվϣͺǰܳټǮ㣬ͺŵ飬Ȼǰ֣ܺǸֵʱȻ΢΢ļһС
ȴǲΪ˵ܣҪ̸̸Ϸ飬ۣôܵǰƺЩ̫ðɣ
ʮأ
˵

λܵһǲǷˣ乫˾ʲûʮڣȻΪͻʮڣôģѵ㵱ĽӰˡ
ᵱоûһ˿˭֪Ĵ𰸵ʲôܶ΢΢Щġ
Ǯȷܹڵܶ˲ţǣȴҲһЩ˲ţǲΪǮģ
ǰܱ԰ȥ켯ţȻǿĲŻҪ뼯Ŵչ֣֮ϼŶͻ𣬶켯ȴûʲôشͻƣҪΪĹһļȻҪ˲ţ
㣬Ϊһĳ˲ţ
˲ţͲԽǮ¾ʮڣʮڣܶԥĵͷӦֻҪܹ켯ŵǶĹһôһжֵõġ
ʱȴǱƿ˻ֹؼʱ̣˭ᴳأѵ֮ǰǷģҪĻڶϴ绰ϰ峴ֻɫģҪǷԱĻƯľˣҪǳĿȥĻҲþƵϰ峴ˡ
ȻȴһǶ벻ĴŮֻһְҵɫװܺõİģ߽һ޷һ㣬˿һֲ̧ͷĸܡ
ϧӼиĿľҪһϲǰҲǲǴ̸֮УʱţЩǽ죬Ѿ˷츲صı仯ڳܣĿбӣϧ뷨
ϧĳ֣˵˼ǱΪֻǷԱģȴû뵽ôһBOSSһʱ֮䣬ᵱиǼž
Ȼ㣬ûͷʶҲܸܵŵϧֻǻû뵽ϧڽ֣Ҫ֪ǰʱҲǺæģϷĿ飬ʵĲ࣬벻ȴҪϲ
룬ǲûŽ״λ̸أ
ϧıϣһɫƤϣһŮ緶
ȻûУֶ½ܿᵽأ
ѩ˵
ᵽˣҺܺ½ܻ˵ʲôأ
ֶ½˵Ȼϵã̳̳㲻ὫԤ㲦˼Ϸ˾ģ˵ʶϼŲ񲿵ѣõȷϢأ
½սѿû뵽·ɱҧ𣬶һϼŵĶ³ϧŮ˿ɲ򵥣֮ڣּͻ𣬳ΪĹһļȻ׶Ըһʱ֮䣬½սЩ


1722 
ţǵú½һλ鵱Ҳйһ֮Եɣʱ½λʵ̫ԶҲûܺ½ϼ䣬ҲΪ½ܲŻΪԼ˽Ұɣ
ϧ˵λ˼Ϸ˾ÿ궼һϣϼҲԿԿ𣬶ǰ꣬û˾ôʲôһǰԱ԰ߵ˲ŵأ
½սϧ˵⻰ûа㷴ء
ҲǵͷֶǰǴΣǵһ֮Եû뵽ɳô죬֪ˣǻʮڣҲҪڵ
ˣϧһֱѧϰУ
ֶȻ㶼ˣôҲ¸ɣոʮڵļǮۣ֪ô
˵
ܣҶ˽⣬ǽ켯ŵһʲҲ۵ģ
ϧŵ
ֶȻģҲ㲻˵ˣܣҳһں͹˾飬㿼ǵΣ
ÿǣЩܵУֻģʰǧҲ࿼һ룡
ˬ죬½ܣʵǲ˼ֵһǣ
Ц
½սҡҡͷҲû̫ɥû뵽ϧⳬԤ֮С
ĺͬǩԼͽˣʱҹĿһ¾ˣ
ţܣ
Ҳǹͷ

ͼλͷ̸нѩȻȥˣʱæŹ˾ĸ飬Ҳûܺúϧ
ӣ˵㹦ôãôôͲһ˲ͽ˾ҵȥأܶʱˣ
ϧ֣ܰһ̣ȻϼŵCEOŮѡ
ҡҡͷҵǴҽеľȫ˼ô
ͣ
ϧ˵㰡ǰϼΣҰְָպڹΣһΣڰ칫ҹİ취Уո˵ġһ룬ʱ˵ˣҿûôıأ
˵꣬ս֣ҹ˵˵жٸҹʵ
ϧͷôˣ˭һȥȥأ
ϧͷģǸɰһ㣬һѾͱס·ϼǰ죬ҪǴʱҹڷߣΧûˣȻҪ˵ڵĹŮ
ϧƺӣ㻹ǵѩɣҶǸˣϿô
ҵȻ֪ѩϧ׹أʱ׷֪˶ᣬû뵽Ȼǹ˾ٺ٣Сϧ϶йذɣ
˵
ţѩ֪ô
ôˣʱѧУ֪岻ãѩýѧΪչɣ
ΰʱԭ˾Ĵ֧߰ҽҩѣʱұʼͬ⣬Ĳ񻯵̫ˣֻȰ֧ҽҩѡ
ϧ˵ջûܰ£֪ΪʲôҵңҪ뿪ԭĹ˾
Ǳ칫˾ĶӾ̫˰ɣ
˵ǿԺҪǲڹ˾ܾˣ
ţ˵
ϧһۡ
úúãСϧԺ󶼲˵Ҫ뿪вУߣǻؼҹȥ
ͷɫûɫСӣ
Ȼô˵ңͰˣ

ջʵʵĺϧɹһϧЩСźҲϲһ֣ԭΪԼİѾĳ̶ȣȴûзֻÿվΪԽԽԭ
ص˾ѩ칫ǲȴƲţȻޱȿɰ
㣬Ǽһˣǹܲˣ
ôˣͬô
мСҪûĻǹ˾Ϳˣû뵽ܶˣ
ѩҧҧ
ôо
᣿Ҷǰ칫˶ᣡ
ѩ˵
۸ˣ
ûʲôǹȥˣߴĺܺã
Ҳû˵ʲôǩú֮ͬѩȥ´ӡˣҲǽӵϧĵ绰ȥ￪顣

ϼŹɶС
ƽѾЩˣֶ㣬ڽҵĹƱȫ۵ʲôôҪ֪ȻϼеĹɶҲԪϣȻȨɣ
ƽ۹Ʊҹܲţ㽫Ʊȫ̩ɼŵ͵ӵϼŰٷ֮ʮĹȨһѵӶҵĺ
ϧѾˣԺǿɶ飬ڱϿţʲôϵأѵϼŸɳʲôõôҿƷأ
ƽҡҡͷ
ɶѿҲϵõϢģƽϼŵйƱȫ۸̩ɼŵҪ֪̩ɼڶļһȻ̩ɼ绢ʵʲѾϼš
ϧ˵ƽȻҫϧ֪ҽΪʲôҪſôΪҺǲս˾ϲɣ뿪ϼҲ᲻ǣ԰ǶҪңΪϼŸ˶ѪǾͲˣ
ԲۣȻ˵㵽ǲ˰ϼҪ㺦ˣ
йɶ˵
ƽҡҡͷǶǺܻӭҰҲǣɣҲɰˣˣ
ȵȣƽ˼ôֻΪϼشʧ
Ҫ֪ƽֹǴ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣһЩЩϼżΪҪԴ
ߣôϧ㣬Ҫϼŵͳ̳ˣҪȡ֮ˣһŮ֮ȷʵϾŮˣǸ쵰Ӳȥ·ʺ㣬Զʺ㣬
ƽЦ
ܶ˶һһ㡣

ҵű򿪣ƽɫȻһ䣬ſŴ󲽳㣺㣬㣬ôҲˣ
ǹɶңô
ߣ֪ܵͶʣҵĹɷȴϾ۳ȥˣҲϼŵˣԼˣ
ƽ˵
ʵҲûа취Ž˴ǮģαأʵϣȸңһһļǮչĹƱֻǿϧһ
˵
˵ʲô
ƽȵ˵ˣµûȷڽϳû٣ԵмۼļǮĹƱƽҲûа취ֻͬ⣬һһ֧ԭеĶ۽̩ɼţû뵽Ȼ˵ֻ˵ʲôûˣҵĹƱѾȥˣҺϼ޹ϸ𣬺ߣû뵽һȻа취ù˾㣡


1723 ѩ
Ϊ۵̩ɼţͻۿô㣬̩ɼź޼ֵܿᱻ
˵
ƨСӣ˵ʲô̳ϵɲ˵ô򵥣
ƽŵ
Ǻãٴģһڣ̩ɼ뿪
ģ
ƽŵЩ£֪ΪʲôʮҪ֪ˣȻÿǰ˻ûаͺԷȲʤȯһ㣺СӣҿûȤģ̩ɼѾǻĹڵһˣҵļ룬ֻǿ
ϣһֱԼĻ뵱Уټ
㳯źƽ֡
һЩɶ˵ҪôˣҸոȥ϶治ˣĽϼӣ
ʱϧֻҲӹ绰Ȼֶû뵽Ҹ绰ɣԺҾȻϼŵĴɶٷ֮ʮĹɷݣɲСûĻҾͿȥϼǲμӹɶ˰ɣĸλõνֻҪܹһθõĽϼ߷Ҿˣ
ܺôϼִܲõݸ㣬Ժκιɶ飬㶼ܲμӣֻҪ̤ϼһһñߣ˵
ϧ˵
ֶһ̫ͻȻˣŻ˵ģʵϣϧ޸ҵĻҼűܳ׳ưԻĹˣ˵ɺã
Σ
ϧǹ˵绰
̫ɺˣ
ϧҡҡͷҲ˵ƽʮŵľӢȥ̩ɼţʮְλƼʺϵ˶ȥȻǼʧ˰ٷ֮ʮĹɷݣǸûлʱͲҪ̩ɼѾԽǵʵ˰ɣʱգǻܹǶģ
ͷϧȻޱȣֻƬ̣ǽ룬һʮŮչֳƣ꣬ȷϧĥ³һְ֣ܵ

̩ɼźϼʵкܶҵصģͻҲǽ˾ϼŵĹɷݣԼʮ쾫Ӣʵ̩ɼŵĺܴ
һݵʱ䣬̩ɼŵĹɷݱ˰ٷ֮壬ϼΪƽѱǽ˰ٷ֮ˣ˳˫
ǺϧסϼеľƣΣͷŵнһʱ֮䣬еĸ߲Աֳɾʮ㡣
ݣϧҲյһϢƽΪԭ˳̩ɼţ˶ƽǱϳģ֮ǰԤһģһϧ˵ƽİ칫ңҪһѻյǵıȻǲ߹ͷͺ˵ˡ
ڰ칫ҲһϢѩ˵֪ڳˣܹùɼٴλҲ֤ϧı£ֻǿϧϧʱңȴû
ѩ˵ڹ˾ﾡľǰæһҪڼд֣͸߹㣬Ժ˼Ϸ˾ģ߱
˵
ѩͷǱߺԤѾˣǹ˾нļƹҲȲţûĻ𱬵α°桶һȼҶˣ
㣬㣬ʲôأ

ҡҡͷˣѩ˾ҽˣҪԶţ
Զţôˣ
㱾̾Ͷ֣ȴҡͷʶ̽ŷǱһɺֵͻȻ֮䱬ֻһ˲䣬ʧˣ֪ǲǾǻͷ˵ĹĽѣλǿߣǿߵʧҲ̶ŷ޵뷨Ͼķٶȣȷɻŷ޻졣
ţʱǲȥˣ
ѩҡҡͷֽЩģ˵ЩҵĲӰ˼Ħ׵ҪϸˣҪԶٷɣ
ʢȴȻûоܾʵȫһԾͽѩľ׵κãȻĻѩͲ㰴ĦˣҪ֪һ˾ڰ칫ǱȻЩȤģҪԼҵȤ
㱾Ϊѩȥļû뵽ѩȻҪ㵽һ츮в̫ķӣһѩĸ׵ע⵽ѩϻ鲻ԽĿһۣȻ
÷ˣɳû̫ã˱㶼á
һش䣬ɫζȫ
ζ
ѩЦϧأ
Ҫ˵ĵĻ
ҡҡͷ
ҲϧģϺҪӰ࣬Ҿûǿˣû˵Ҳأ
ͷ뻹û˵˵һ治֪ôҪ֪ڴѧѩòϧ󣬱ڹ統оͻкľҪϧ֪ѩ壬֪ǳʲô鷳
ϧǸԸҪǿŮˣȻֳҲѹ飬֪ܲǲҪ֪ĺá
ѩݷһݷϵλã˲ٲˣľǺ⡣
㣬㲻֪ɣǵͥһУһ˽ҴΪѧְõѧУҳʱѧϰɼãԸƧ˺ܶǮҽң߳СûаְֵӰ
˵ʱѩһƿƣ㵹ҲԼϣһڣ˵ʱҲ֪ԭҵֻҪ͹ˣôΰ裬һҪʲôְأңôԣӳ֮ҵѧϰɼҲͻͽÿοԶ͵һȫУһȻǸʱȴǷ˫޶Ѱ߰ף۽βƣңɫݻƣ֪ܲ岻ãȥҽԺ飬ȴǸҡ
ңǮڴѧĺõ㣡
ڴһʱҵѲ˵֪ͣ˵趼Ҫ֪࣬ұӱŬܱԣ˶ǰµʱֻȥͼ￴飬ҲӲͣ
־ѧǧ飬԰ҽһ󲿷ֵѧѣΪḺû뵽һͼҽԺҽȴǸεˣȥҽԺһˣ
һ̣ŵòҲιȥˣ
ѩƱһƺСС״̬ҲãֻôһϱЩ󣬲ڵƹ£ͦÿġ
֪Ǵһʱ䣬ңһγ٣ʱҪˣΪΪɧҪܿأҿȥҲһֱûн͹飬ӦȥҽԺչˣТ˳ĺӣ
Ҳźһ


1724 
һѩȴһδٵһҪȰҪȵı飬˵ʲôþûˣҼң
Ҳǣ
ͷ
ò˵ЩѩٻɫƹӳһԱУҲʹ㶼΢΢Щסѩ˵軼ǸΰĩڣҪ漣ԵʱҽˮƽҪӳȴܹģ
ΰĩڣӳô

ѩ˵ҵʱڹ˾нˮֻвǧҺΪûѣҪǮӲܣʱƹ㲿ĲҪ͹˾ǮǣȴûдӦң
࣡
ѩ˵ĺһ
Ŀ⵱ܹʱ˲ɵľ
룬ʱ޶ѹļϣжôء
֮ǰϧҹһΣҪϼţûдӦ֮ҸϻҽԺʱȴǷѾȫ֧ˣ֪ϧĿ
ҽԺ£ᣬҵеĵһְţ֮Ҿһֱ˼Ϸ˾ǵʱľܣҲûа۵뷨Ҹлϧ֪֮Ҷ޷Т
ѩ˵㣬㲻Ϊʲôᵽ˼Ϸ˾ôΪУûʲôѣϧһΪΪܲõݣҲְ̫֮ܿУ˵лԭ˾ľѵ
ٿһƿ
һƿƣĳܾûȾˣҾ㲻飡
ۣ
ѩЦ㣬֪ѧУΪʲôҺһк¿ô
Ϸô
ţ׷׷̫ˣѧ׷ҵоΪ˵õѧҪƴ飬ûʱ仨棬ԣһѧǰһϷû뵽һݣ
ٵһƣ֮ۿȴͻȻˣҸоҵʧܣʵҳеʱѧİģܾôѧֻŰɫʹ裬ûаʺȾˮȻսѧĵһ£Ҿסˣĸˣȥ֮⣬ﶼʧˣһһ͵͵ȥ̥ˣֻҵļ֪ʱʼҾͶ԰鳹ʧˣ
֮۶ʻţŻ߰ŵ׷ңҶ޶ãΪ֪ҴһõŮˣҲһôõ裬һôİ飡
ѩȥѾȵĲˣҪµƣϽͰѩȴҡҡͷȻȾƣŮ˵ľͺ˵ĶһǴģƿưˣһͦס
㣬ȥɣҪˣллңǰĽ죬ȥˣ
ѩƺҪ֤ûƣվȴҡҡ׹ǣǿЦݣƺʱֻ֪Ҫ뿪ѩͻᵹؿޣĿһֱۿѾ
ǰסȻ֪Լ£ѩʲô飬ܾʱҪǲѩ̫ʿˡ
Ż
ȻմԷ壬ѩſŻûԤ֪֪ʱŻ£ϱŻϡﻩĳЦһʿվԶͿѩڡ
˼
ѩͨһƬǿûв˼ԡڽŵұߣȥϴϴ
ѩ˵⻰ͰŻš
㵹ûȹԼ˱׿ˮѩѹѹһҪȣ㣬ˣ㲻Ҫ˺ôһ
ѩˣ
㱧ѩУˮϸĵĸЩ˵Ҳȥˣû׵ѩҲȫ¶ǰѩϰֻаɫص˫֮һѩ׵ĹҪУ޾롭˫£ɫѩΣճգ󵨵ĽĳҲ£Ů˽¿㣬ɲһҪŮڴ϶ûвķӦһܽĻ
³㣬ѩ˫Ⱦж೤ǰǿһĵӾ硶ҺͽʬиԼᡷСĳ򣬶ѩĳȴй֮޲ѩɢŨصľһЩ㣬ĿС˳ȥɫ͸Сȴ谭Ŀ⣬ҡͷһЦа˵ɫµŮжһЩͯС룬ȴû뵽ѩеСȴһֱû𣡡
ȣ
ѩ˵
ˮڣѩˮȥԡϴ裬˳·ˣȻû˵·ֻϵѩİɫԡۡ
߽ҵʱ򣬷ѩĿһֱЦ㴩ҵԡۻǹŹ֣һǵһο˴ԡۣ
ˣ
ţ˵㣡
ѩ˵ôҾײɣûɫ
ѩûиǱӣǰǣһ£ջͷųмܡ
ѩû˵˵ҿԱô
֪Ҫʲô飬˵ʵȻѩȤǷ֣ͬߵŮʵ̫࣬Ƿµծ¶壬ȻᣬŮϵŮԸǲҪʲôΣѩͬлŰĻ룬㲻ͰĻ
ѩˣҸǺñӣϢɣ
Ӿڱϣñӵʱѩֱ֪ӴӴסĲӣѩǵˣȻʩչԸ˫ֲŲӣټѩ˫ջһʱ֮䣬Ҳѳֲסˣ
﷢ģ̫࣬һ̲ѩ
ѩ⣬סϴûаǼȴҪռͷ߰ĻĻӦš
һ̣Ҳ޷ܣ˫ѩ룬ܿ⿪˶ԷأһǱ˶ʮ˳š
һˮɡ
֮ѩһűӿǲž
һֱΪһõģȴû뵽ôʹ࣬ǲЩõĶעҪԼ
û˵
ѩ˵ڴѧ֮һڴһͯˣһ޹˼ɵİԼǣǺҽӴûͱ¶Ҫõ뷨ʱҾ֪ͯվͯʱҵǣûи˺ҵĻᣬ㣬㲻ҪһжԼԸģԸҵĻ룬Ҳ뽫˺


1725 ŷ
ѩһڶϸջص˾ľȴһĴ˳ż˾㣬Ĵ࣬ľ㣬ҲһЦݣȥĶˣϧ˵ûлȥأ
ţе£ûȥˣ
˵
ľЦ˭֪ȥʲôˣҽ¶㣡
ôˣ
Ұְ˵͢Ǳߵܹ죬ϻһˣ
죿
ͷʱ乫˾Ѿ죬ûкֵܼ飬Ǻͺľϻᡣ
ɵѾ׻ָˣϾҲǿߣڴпŵĻϵͼƬüͷ塣
֣
ľ˵
ſˣ㣬ЩͼƬ
ǰĻϵһϵеͼƬ涼һЩ˱ɱľ󣬶޶żǵ඼ɱ˳Ҳ̶ãľЩҿˡ
Щ˶ǽ͢ˣǱ˵ǲ׼ʽԼ׸˺ڰħ񣡡
˵
ڰħ񣿡
ɻ󣺡̻أ
Ȼߵ˶͸¶̻ʵΪԶǱһһ񲣡
˵Ҿý͢ˣ
ţڿȷǳ¶ˣܸоһɺǿֻ֣һ˲ȴʧˣҪǰȥһ
ţ׼ǰ
ɲ⣺ѵʲôô
ͷҲûкͺɶ˵ϾⱾͲǺ֪顣
࣬㣬Ǽһ϶׶ԸҪСģ
ľ˵
ţģ˺ҵģ
㣬ҲҪģܾý̻ܲɷõʱǹ죬Ǳһ㣡

ɸŮֱȥϼţϧڰ칫ЩһˮŮˮģٷۣҲҪǺˮ᲻Ưģ
Ưϲ
ϧЦţôͻȻ뵽Ұ칫ˣ
㣡
˵ţȶ˰ɣ
Ϊ¶ͷۣƽߵĶǹ˾ҪЩһʱ֮ӦԵĸλҪһʱ䣬Ŷ̶̼죬Ѿ߰˸ˣЩ󻹺ö
ϧҡͷ
ʵϧģ
ھҪô

˵Ǳ߳ˣ
Ҳţ͢еĽͽڳ࣬Ҳ̶ãѵȥǱǺйأ
λǿߵִˣҲǵϵĽѣұȥֹһУ
˵
һ
ϧ˵齫йɶټ

˵ϼ£ߣҪ֪ϼŵΣʱ̣ٲ㣡
Σʱ̣ϼ˵ҲǻĹڶļڵٶȣ಻ܹ꣬Խ̩ɼŵģڼŵδûа㵣ǣ㣬㲻Ҫ˵ˣ֪ϲһΣ͵Ǵȥɢĺô
ϧ
ţ
صͷ
Լ޷ϧİȫ뵽ϧΪԼı֮ʵûаܾϧ֪ΣգҲһҪϧȫ
Ĺɶûг⣬ϧ˵ԼΪԵʻʱȥ֮ܲλܲλʱһλɶٿһУ¼еĸ涼ȶʵֻҪľһǲκġ
ǲϼŵҵҲԲήˡ
ϧأ֮ǰŵĸſһ飬ȷһʧź뿪ҲҲѩ˸绰ѩҪ˾ȫΪΪ˵飬оΣ˵ϧҪȥһĽ
㣬úչϧѩһӵѣ
ţ˾ˣĸã
绰ʱϧǣںߣһ΢ɢϧĳ˵⺣߷һʱҪ
ȷɻҪô
ϧ㣬һЦݡ
ɴҪ죡
ıӡ
ж¿ˣ˵㣬㣬㿴̸֪ۣ֪ںϴţ׳ɵ
ɿ
§ϧԺ̲⻮ƽϡ
Ҳţ治ܹҰǣǻɰ˵ɾ£
ͷǡһ·˰ɣҶûǷɣ뿪Ļ죡

Ӣ׶ء
һƾʷĹС
˻׶أΪϧ˵ĸεʱڵ׶֮Ҳûи绰ˣѾаˣϧȻ˵ĸβʲôģһֱģرǳ͢ɱ飬֪ĸ䡣
ô㣬Ҹĸô
ʱûУ
ҡҡͷ
׶صĽֵǳɾ·ͨ˴ɱĽ͢ͽ׶ȻҲС
ܲ͢ȻҲܵ˺ȥ
ţ
һׯ԰УϧҽԱƺǴ¡
ׯ԰УվŲٵĽͽɫɥվǰĽͽ˵ҶҪѹˣﲢܵ˺Ľܲܲ͢ʮˣǵȫ˳ҷģһŹЩ͵ĵĶħģ
̴ˣô̻ʴˣ˵ڰ٣Ҫŷڰħ񣡡
Ҫ˵ܲﶼѾ͹ˣ̻ɷõʱѪȣ˵ˣǲҪɥʧԽ̻ʵģҪסǻ˶ϻᣡ
˵
ϧҪ֮ʱһӰȴǰ֣ȻѪŷҲǼΪȣΰĶսʿⳡѾȻˣ֪Ҫѩϼ˪ǰɱЩһ
Ҫ
˵
ŷ˿ǲԸǵģĻ˼֣ŷ˵磬ֹǽܵ͢شЩаҲɱ˲ˣǸ˾ˡѪⳡ˵ģֻ˼Ƕ֪ԼΪʲôˣоһϮȻˣ
Щ˱͵ģ˭Ҳʲôԭ򣡡
ŷ¡
û
ûУһھưɺͼŮһҹŮ֮飬Ȼһȫˣǻ˵ڰ٣
ŷ־
Ѫ׶һжˣ
׶ѪĴӪֻи߼Ѫ԰ɳûͼѪֻҹûѪעĸ߼ѪӦһǧ˰ˣô֪ʲô
Ҳһˣ
㿴һϧһۣӻĹ򸾣


1726 ֮
ãѪǾֻҪԱǹᵱеһ¼ٵףߣҴȥѪᣬǿɵòκϢ
ŷ˵
νѪᣬʵˮУֵϵһˮͨȥ
ˮǸɾĺܣûаˮ
ˮл谵ƹ⣬ϧ㶼źǿҵԶŷ˵ǵĵ磬ûôİ׳չأѪĿ֮أҲϲһϲ磡
ܿ죬˱ܿѪˮаֿ񻶣ммŮӵţȵĳ̶ȣͲһҹ굱ܹġ
ˣŷһ֪ôô㻹ǸŮƯϹκһŮ˶ҪƯҪܹʲô̫ˣ
Ѫ
ߵŷһȥסѪĲӣھһ䣬ҲҪҪŭҵѣһԴǽϿ
ѪƺǾŷκη
ŷɿԷϧһƬӵ뿪˵ǰѪһЩ߲ڵĵطҪʲôд𰸵ģ
ǰȷĺܣһ磬סЩֵѪʯ֮ϣǷŲٵѪƿЩѪƿɢζȻǲͬζѪҺ
ϧЩ֮Աǣûбֳ
ŷλ˭
һ߻˵
ǵǲЩѪһްò
ˣλҺ˵㣬һλŮѣ
ŷ˵
㣿Ǹý̻˱ضˣ
ŷҲǰˣѪˣǵʢ
ͷû˵ʲô
ˣҪǰˣ
ŷҪѰ޵˵˳
ȻЩη㣬Ҫ֪ŷʱ棬ȻѶԸܹˣ㣬ҲԹۡ
ãȥ飡
ͷ
ǿóʯϵһЩӳЩдգϸѰš
ô
ҡҡͷ¼ǰ׶أǣȴûм¼ʲôʱ뿪ģ
ʲô˼
ϧ
˼ܼ򵥣ĸĸҪǻ׶أҪǡ
ŷҡҡͷϣ𰸡
Ұôܻһֱ׶أǼƻȫεģһˣ㣬ܸо
ϧ˵
Ҫżʶȫͷųȥ׶зκ飬ָƣȻȴȻûз򸾵ӰǰѪ˵ĻʶһܹҳҲԭֻһ㲻
α͵ĵ˵ʬ屻ˣ
ʵ
ŷ˵׶Ѿ׼ˣûԤϵĻӦñںߣ
㣬ʲô˼
ϧˡ
Сϧϣû£
˵
ϧȥʱոձŷѵѪŷڣҪ鷳ߵļѪҲǳЦߺߣĶΪŷǳǾͲҶô
ɱˣǸŮǿ棡

һƻǼѪȫըΧһֱŵĽִ˿̶ͣסˣѪҶˣȫãȻĿϧʧǰ
ŷϵŷҡͷ͸ЩҪǣû뵽ǾȻôҪ
ŷΪѪҲãʵ˼治֪﾿ʲôĿģֻΪô
ɵ
ˣҺ˴νмЩѪӦòŶԸǣ
ŷ׷ȥҪŬǷǣ

ߡ
ҽ죬ҽԱɳ̲ϷõĲʬ塣
Щʹļ׵Щʬʹޣǳѣǽ͢еˣܶͨڶɱҲʧˡ
һ϶Ȼûκһ飬Ӵ͵İֲǶ֪׻᲻ᷢ¼Լֻ᲻ᱻ͵ߡ
Ҳʬģˣ
ţ
ϧȻͷ㻹ǵˣЩ飬չҪʵ
ЩҲû˳ʾ֤˽ȥ֮Ƕҡҡͷ̫ˣ˶ˣ˭ôײУ

ɳ̲Ϻܶʬ壬඼˵ģżȻ˵ģȴ򸾡
һʬһʬţÿߵһʬϣϧἱٴϢȵ˲ǰ裬ɣ˫ֺʮΪȥϵ档
ϧ
ôˣ
ϧͻȻͣ˳Ŀ⣬ϧԶ߲һʬ塣
ϧĸĸ
򸾡
ϧȻһԾȻǹɳ̲֮ϣʬ壬Ȼ
˱Сϵģ޴ؼǻǶˣ
ǰԷ׶أΣգһǹٵﷸƷõǳе£ֱ֮ϣ
Сס£ԭ˵ҪعŮû뵽ڳǰһգȻȻ飡
һŮվϣҲˮһʬ壺ɷ򣬵ǾңҲסǸڵķӣ
ͷһллŹʬǰϧʹӣͺ񱻺ݺݴһһսȭͷһҪҵ֣λǿߣҲһҪɱ
Сϧʬ壬ʹ֣ôôɵûд绰ңôһ㶼żôͻһֱڻ磬ҺǣңӦ׶ǣ
ϧһֱʬվڱϣζ俴ĸƺһӣһ˼ҳ˵Сϧдռǣÿһ춼˼㣬ǣǲģְֻ㿪г
ϧռǱУһҳҳķţÿһҳӱǲһ֣ϸһֶûзŹһֱ˵ıʼǣҰ׶סµʱÿ϶עϼŵĹƱƣְ˵ҪȫʵֻΪҰϣߣǰϵҴͨ˼·ѹ֣Ҿһֱйԭǰְ֣ƽѱ飬Ҳ¼ˣ
˵ְַǳŭ֪ߣͷĲ٣ԭ׼ɻػĹҡ
ϧģп㻳У㣬ǲ⣬ǲ첻ҺͰ棿ǲǸҵŮˣ


1727 ڰħ
ǣǣõŮˣ
˵軹û
ϧҡҡͷ㣬㲻Ҫοˣô˵ҲϼŵܲãҲǰǸ¶ŮˣҾס
ɵϡ
ڴʱǶ˽һλ˵׶ôʹһֺλǷģ׶оһὫﷸ֮Էһһģ
ڣλ뿪Ҫб˺ᣬú񳬶ǣ
ҲߣҵɷɷҲ뿴뿪ң
ҵĶӣʮꡭ

һʱ֮䣬м׷ҡͷ
ȴ˵ֻڽǺᣬö˵һ仰ܸҽڰ
Щʬʱɳ̲ϰɣ
˵
ţ㣬ˣո˵ʲô˼ѵǵʬ︯ô
Щ˻а취
˵
ʲôܻˣǲڴţҪҵĶܻĻҽҵ乫˾͸㣡
ңҪɷܻҪʲôҶ㣡

ʲôҪɳ̲ϣǵˣҲҵģŮѵĸĸⳡλģһᾡȫЩɳ̲ϵǣң
֣˵
㣿Ҫˣֲôô㰡
أ
ӻƯڰվͬʱϹâ䣬Щ߼ȫ˵ϣĤ飺ֻһУ
ҵķԸ˳ɳ̲
˵
ϧҲһ̷ϿУɳ̲ϵĸĸȻֹס㡣
лһ֮õϵЩ벻ǣɳ̲ϳױסˣʬ壬ɳ̲ס
оˣˣ
Ƕ֮ѹֶһֱޱصĴڣ

ϧҪߣҲǸܵһӰ׷ŷ˷ٶȣŷ˵㣬һ֮ոսЩʬסѵ
㲻ضʣҵ̻ʣ
˵
ԾһƬ棬ͣһ֮Ук׶صĽȫֵͬϺܶƷַ̣Ƿ
߰ɣҴȥܲ͢
ŷ˵
ͷȻʶ̽Ҳ̽Ȼ˴·һЩ
һ·ϣ㶼ڰοϧ㶼ܾȻôȻĸĸοڻɣǵֻǱһطûгױٵ
ϧᣬͷ㣬㣡
˺ִܿһűűŷ˵Ľܲ͢ڣű֮⣬ҲܹܵǿҵĺڰϢ
ŷҲüôоôԾ͢浽ڸЩʲô
Ľͽ¶ױˣ
˵
Ϊʲô
ڻĹͽȻЯ߹ΣȴǼǿҵĺڰȽȥɣ
ͽҲôӹűǿˣҲǶʱͣסŷʿǽܲ͢׶صִʲô飡
ûʲô飬ֻοһ½̻ʴˣλҵѣ
ŷЦ
ɣ
Ǽλͽһͷǽ˴ǼλͽͻȻ֮˫Ƴ˻䣡
ǵʵ̫Ƕ㲻κ˺ȫԱˡ
ŷЩͽȫΪʧڴУҲȻģǺڰ
ķ䵱Уһͽͫ׵жǺɫǱĳסģһ̣ͬסˣȵļһȻðڰħ񣬽֮أ

һͺһԵŷԾķ֣ǰнͽͺȫſϣﺰѽ⾿ǲ˰
淿Ľͽȫɱʶ̽ܣҲһ˿ۼ
ҡҡͷԣЩͽڰƣЩڰ۶޷ʶӦǽ̻ʻڰ
̻ȻǿܣܹͨҵǺڰħ񣡡
ôţűȴǲ֪Ϊʲôű˲ʱɭһŷҺ̫Զ±ڰɡ
㣬˵Ҫģû뵽ȻôͳˣҲʡҰһˣ
ű֮У̻ʻµ
ڰħ񾿾˵
ħ񼴽٣ǰЩֻɳһִǶΪ˺ڰʵūͣӴֻΪڰħЧ
Щ˶ɱģǵࣿ
ǶħյҪɱ֮ˣǶǿ׳ǵúڰħָƣһ
ٲ۾ͽűˣ
ȵ
ߣ
һ˶һӰǰ֡
ǽ̻ʻ£ֻ˿̵˫֮ҲǺڻȻǱڰסˡ
ŷѪȻұң
ȱѹģȻͶڰħ񣡡
ŷȵ
ҾȽѪɱ㱨𣡡
̻ʻлһֻǵڴŷ֮ǰڿʧΡ
ôܣڰӵбǰǿٱʵ㲻ܿԵֵסҵģ
²š
ȴЦ㱳λڰħѵûи߹㣬ӵҵĶô

ںڰ磬֪ɱ˶ңʵѾָ۷״̬ʵȺڵϣҳһܹ⡣
ԼƲ⣬ͷ;ǿڵǸУбǿĴڣܻηµġ
ģڰħ˵ǲģ޵еģҲܱܣܣ
̻˵гһ⽣ֻȫɺڰȻȥ漤һڰվԭأȻûа㶯ǽ̻ȴǱǺڰǽϣһҪˤ
³Ѫô᣿ħΪʲôҵܲ㣿Ϊʲô
ŷһԣѳԭǵİæȴû뵽Ҫ֣㻹ǿʵĽ̻ûа㷴֮

С£Ȼһˣϴεķִʱ򣬾ѾܵСڵˣҶҪâȻھͱǳ˵Σ
űУٴδ
Ǵӽ̻еǱ⽣дģ̻ʻ˵ħˣҪҰɱѾȫڣǿ֮ģһһǧ˰ٰʮ˿ţһŶ٣ͷڹУ
˵ʲô
⽣ǽ̻ȴǵɶǽڶײˡ
ãǺڰħҪ࣡
㿴ǹ⽣ǽǱ߷ȥ


1728 ǧ
ǽڵһǽܲ͢ĹǱ⽣ûں̻ʵֻҪǽڴ飬ȥ
׷
ϧ׷ȥŷع˵ϵĽ̻һҲ׷ȥ
У𺳣ߴʮҵĶ¥ϣһ
Щ棬һ⣬ȫϵһ࣡
Ѫ죬˲ֱӡ
һǧ˰ٰʮ˿ȫš
Ǳ⽣𣬺ڰ⻪УֳһӰһ㣬ȵʵû뵽統оȻǿĶ֣Σ㲻Ķ֣
죿
˵ڲһӰѵҪЩָܻô
̫޴ˣλλ֮ǿĽ磬һӣҴɭλѾִܵЩཫʱҽưԣ
˵
ߣһǿλλ棬ֻҪưԣ뷨ʵñ۱ӣ
ôǣ֪ɭλ浱Ŷô־壬ͲˣҪ֪ǸλҲŵǿߣǣɱ¾һ壬֮Ǳǧǿ׷ɱֻеִ磬ҵİҵ
˵Сӣʵǿ磬֣ĸã
Σ۵ĿģֻһǾɱ㣬һ̫ƽ
ɱô̫ԼˣҵûбѾһʬˣ࣬ȴǲ飬ǷҪɱ㣬Űô
ƾķô
Ц
ô֪
Ҳ˻ôɵûָ֣οҵʵƾķȰ㻹ĺã
ߣСӣԲ֮ҹһȡ֮ҵִĵһ飬ǽжд̲
˵

ͺһ
ŷϧǿǰǵӰ˲ʧ
㣬Щࣿ
ϧڿеһſѪ֪ܵ࣬һŲĸࡣ
ЩЩ˵࣬㸸ĸҲУ
˵
ǸϽ뿪Щ࡭
֪ôݣΪʵ̫˼ˣͳҪ֪ڿƼȻ౻ڿˣװȥǿ϶ǲʵġ
ѾˣϵʱήʱգɲЩ˵࣬ɱ¾˵ģ
˵Сϧ𼱣㸸ĸµģҷģҲ£
ϧȻŸĸ˵㣬Ҳ׼£Ҽס
ģ
˵ŷϵ򳤣ȺȫɢһսĻ⸽ӶҪȫٵ
ǣǣֻǸѪҲǸʿδػҵʰ
ŷ˵
ʱ̻ʻָָ˵֪ô˰ɣ
ţһʢƾţȻһУ
ʲôҰôҪ֪ŷǺڰħ죬ɱǣ
˵
лһϹ⣬ǵϹ⽫ǰµеĺȫ˳˵ӽԺֻŷң
ǣ
ͫеĺɫȫʧŷҲļ򣺡߰ɣ϶ܻˣ
ʧϧǰ
»գȷԲ֮ҹ˶Բһ棬¹࣬ӳɢĳУȴмּȡ
㣬ЩԱûɢϣ֪᲻Σգ
ϧ˵
ͷϧѾһɽ֮ϣܹĿȺɵɢš
ҶҪǰǹȶҲǳķɻһʮܣ˶ɻ뿪
гᱻٵôǵļ԰
ģǲҪֻ̫࣬Էһˣʣµ飬ͽ̻Ǵɣ

һƬĵطʮܴͿ˷ɻߣƵɻÿһܷɻϼǧȫûκģһҴ͵ִںĸ
ֻҪϷɻͿʱȫˣã
ϧš
ȴüͷһ壺ˣҪˣ
һϹ⣬ЩϹʮܷɻ֮ϣγһޱǿĽ֮
Ȼʱڵ֮Уȴ˺һ϶һ㣬һĻӷ϶ĻǷɻ֮ϣһ޴һֱѹ䣡
ȵǼһǿҵĽҪˣ
УҲҪЩ޹ƽ񣡡
Ǿ޴ֱ㲼µĽ磬ʮܷɻҪȫը֮ʱһӴȴǽϵȫ
찡ô£ôˣЩɻôҪٵˣ
ô£û˿Խһ£
ҪţһҪţһ

䣡
ʮܷɻȫը١
ǵϵȴҲǱƳǧ֮ԶȫյУһֻֻ֮񣬲֪δ·ںη
ȰתƵ׶ذɣ
ЩȫһȥǵвҪֵȴ޿κΡ
ŷͻ¶û뿪Ƿɽͷ´ʱѾܺڰƣ˵㣬л㣬Ҫ㣬ǿȫˣڰȻ˿־
ŷҲ˵Щ൱УҵļѪҲˣһܹսʤģ
£ڰ˷ܵôҵҲأ
ɫҹյУ·һ˫ĺͫͫǽܿܿȫһ㣬֮ͫУɢâһЩȫڽ̻ʻµڡ
µ޲󣬵ͷ̧ͷһ˲䣬ɺɫ
ȻǱڰסˡ
ǵģħˣڰ˷ܵҽΪӵԺ
Цš
㵱նɱǰ΢ĵˣǱնµ˵Դ
µгһɵľ޸ȫڰƣ¶һ˿аЦݣ㣬ҵĸ֮ȼҵΪڰħҳ˺㣬˺࣡
ȻһɫֱӻŷҲ˲ʱ׳ǹǹһס£ŷҲǳǾһ̣ӵ뵽̻ʣ˵ɱôôͻȻ֮䣬ǹͷתɱˣҪ
̻ʵ඼ѾˣҪɱĻ룡
ŷ˵
Ѫɱ㣡
һܸһĻо޸ӳһ֮Ϯ


1729 
еĺǹһǹֱӴл֮ȻȴЦҵ׸ħˣ̲ҵģ
ɱ
ĺǹйһ֮¡һڽ̻ʻµ嵱ըѣؿڵбһǿ̻ʻµȫݻ٣顣
ǿʹϧס۾۾ʱѾ̻ʵˣȻѾʣˡ
ٿһҹգǿһԲ֮УǱڰһ㣬ͽȻһ쫷ӹһӰԲµֳ
һѳ⵱˸âֻһӰȴ˸оĪѹ
㣬ǵ͹ʵȱеĻҪǿϲ٣Σɭλ汾ɱ¾ѵ͵ȵλ棬ݺ᲻𣿡
תԲ֮뿪˸գ۹򣬵ִɽۡ
һͷɫ̷ǵ̣еĳ˸⣬һӶ㣬Щڡ
ҹ֮⣬ҵһλֵܽӦֻҪҽնɱҲƳ½磬ʱ罫£
˵
۵֪ɱңֵΣ
ɱ㣬Ҿһս壬˫սһսܣֻɱ·
׼ɣ
һ
кһǾֱӹɽۣ㼱æϧϿУŷҲæ䣬ɽ۾٣ˣΧɽ壬Լɽ֮µСȻҲǱըķ顣
ЩûɢĻһУѾСϵȫɱˡ
ţ͢лһǰǿĽ磬㣬ҪЩǿ֮ģô
Ц㲻ôҲ˺ǵģ
Сϧȵһԣҽɱٴĸ
ţ
ϧͷ
һϹ⣬Ϲ⻷ϧܣϧ˲ߣڲԶĿͣͣŷҲ˵㣬㱣ϧС㣡
лˣ
ͷкǹɢ⣬һһǹȥȵɼΣֻϧ㲻ҵĶ֣
췭һƣĵбŷһ׵֮еĺǹҲȴǱԷĺ
ף
üͷһ壺û뵽Ȼ˻йϵˣɱˣûпܻŵģҲУ
еĳ˫յ֮оǵ׵Ȼ˵ǲ֮Ǵɭλ½ǿߣһЩطǿƳ׷ɱ˺ʱˣʱʵɭ統еȫʤʱڣڵȻҪǿϲ١
һȻûаΪƳ˵ĺۼôҪһǧ˰ٰʮ˿ǿΪʲô
뵽ҲûϵɭλϵǿߣȻôһƣʵϣѾоԷʵԼҪǿϲ٣ѹͷڹСģҿģɭλȻҲˣͷʵ޷ѹɼɭλ浽ˡ
ţӰҲԭطתۼ䣬һǿ׵絶ǳҴ⣬ǹȫȥ˫֮УڤĻԼҲǹȥ
䣡
Ȼ벻ǣĵʵ̫ǿˣǹȻԷĵӲըˡ
ĵ֮ƵĽ磬˵ĽսҲʹҹյУƺ׺ǻһ㣬ǿ֮У㶼Ҫըˡ
ŷĿࣺ⣬ν֮սôֲ̫̫ˣƽʱҹ굱ŪĲǼįˣܹıǿߣ
ϧ˫ֺʮ۾һֱûΪ£ҪϵܹܶԷϣĸܹ»
㣬㻹Ҫôѵ֮ʵ࣬ҪǿԼôߺߺߡ
ոֻˣ죬Բ¼ʧʱΪƳ˺³֣Ȼۻ֪ʲô취ڸǣǡƭҵģ
˵
㡭ں˵ʲôѸԭҪɱ㣬練ƣ
ߣûĻ͵Բ¹ȥĻ

챻˵£սնҲǵȭ
һ޴ȻȲնĵ֮Ҳڲ֮ˡ
쿴һеԲ£Բ¾ҪϼסȻ
ҪնɱСӣĻ鷳ˣ
ĵһֱʩչȭֵҲ뽫Ѫ񵶰γǷǳ϶ԼĲ²⣬ԲֻҪһʧضٴ롣
ʱѾˣĵԽԽ꣬һֻĹţһ㣬ֱײǵȭӵ£ʹֲô
Բ±ϼסһ룬ҲǼ˻ᣬƻɾһԷ쾹Ȼĵɶ³Ѫա
ɣ죬Ҫư磬ǲܵģ
ȵ
һСӣӲҵģ
Բ»δʧһƴ֮ƳԼˣʹԲطڣ˿̿ѰҪ֪ɭλ浱УҲеǿߣֻǿϧԲһʧƱ᳹ױ¶ʱҪ㣬췽ҹ̷
ȫ˳ĳ˸ҫ۵ĹâӰڿУȫһ˵һһƺҪҹն˺ѣ
䣡
˫ͬȭģֱӽĵ֮ɣǲһƣ챻ؿڣȫ飬¡һڵ֮ϡ
˿̵ҹյУԲѾʧԼ˵ʹ࣬ڵϷţŰĭһϢ
ȫ飬漣֣ձɣ
˵Ϲ⻯ʱʹ࣬ſڵ˵㣬Ұܸ㣬ãû뵽ȻǿߣһĻɵһǧ˰ٰʮ˿ǿ֮ģһ߰׹ˣ
ȴЦ˵¾һ壬ǧǿ׷ɱŻִӦƭ˵İɣ
Ҳûɱ壬ûй뷨˵һս壬;Բη壬ҲҪսһ̣Ȼ˵ѡ
ɭλ浱г˵籩һ㣬˲棬úû˼Ҫ磬ңڣ㣬ѵҪǸλôҪ֪׵ǸһɭλĵλǳߵģֻҲѱ
˵


1730 
ͷѱ
㵹Щ΢΢һ㶣ͷ֮·лռ䣬ռ䵱бǸֳЩ統еΪȿٿռ𺳡
ȴû뵽Ȼ˵ͷȻѱ
ʵ󣬻ʲôǿ߿ƺ
ߣ㣬ȻɣҲùŮˣڿѾֵץߣʱҪΨֻǰȥɭλ棬ֻҪһִܵ޾ɱ¾
ϧ
ҧҧһֱӻɱ죬ӻȻִԶա
ԭϧŷͣͣȻ˿̣ϧȴʧˣУܹܵŷȥѪ֮ζ
𣡡
˭˭ץϧ
ҹյУһƬȻеȴ𣺡СӣȻɱ죬ԭֻǸߣ磬ƻǵжɭȻɱ㣬ŮУҪŮ˵Ļ͸ϽĻߺߣ
Ǽʧ֮һӣңȾҰ衭Ұ㣡
лȭȭͨ죬·գըѿ
Щϼȭɢ֮һ̣񣬶֮еıһ
ɭλ棬ϧţ۽㸸ĸȻȥ㣡
ȵǽ䣬һǧ˰ٰʮ˿ǿ֮ȫߣִ׶غԼҽԱҹδߣǿ֣ҲһϲҪ֪ŵЩ̧ͷ
ҲǾһ˿ԾΪԿԸܳһǿɱϣԤʾű١
һҪ㵽׷ʲôȴǱ𿪣һãȻôˣѵҲвĵʱô
УԶһе
ҽԱٲҷ˭ŭǰλйҫޱȵĵʱΪ˭Ҳ޷֪񾿾᲻ɱˡ

ҹ֮Уƺ˼õıڹ籩꣬й£ҽԱڴɡУǶǱϣȻûаֱһ㡣

Ǹ˻һ˫ȭսյУһ׾Ȼҹȥ

˱Уû뵽ȻҪ䶯¡
찡ѵҪԿ
үԿ
䣡
׼ȷޱȵĻ㣬ȻȴǿûκηӦٴ˻һ
ʱ˿̣еȴʧηһ㣬ҲС
𺳣
벻׵𺳡
׻жûκηӦǲ֪ǣ˿жôʹ࣬ԼȥɵΪȴڷйԹһַʽ
ϵϹȫɢȥһſѪѳɵȫϹ⵱ֳǰԭĺ̲Ҳڿڻ
һ߾ĵʬ壬ǰ
ԭλ
ȵ
Щɫâָʾֱ֮ӽ˵嵱С
رע򸾵ҲѾԭ
һǧ˰ٰʮ˿࣬Ҳֻʮ࣬⺣̲֮ϣҲʬ塣
Ψһпܵľǵʬ类ˡ
Ǿһˣ̫ѣҪеȫȻȻҪʩչ󷨣ˣʮûʬˣǵѶģ
ûʬ壬ҪǵϸѶģ
һ߾ʬȫƯڿУʮҲʬࡣ
찡ǣҪȫȻ񣬹Ȼ񰡣
ӴԺֻŶҪңҪȥķ۹ҲҪȥ

⣬ŷǿķ׭Щ׭ЩʬȫһΪģЩʬΧܣٵתš
󷨣
ͺһ
ʩչ󷨺ϴξϧͬϴʵûȫָǵʵҲֻܾϧһҪ׷ɱһΣ㴦۷״̬Ҫµʵ̫࣬һǧ˰ٰʮˣ飬Ȼǻ׷ɱġ
ÿ綼ȻϴڹɱǲŹġ
ǿȻ˵ֱ۶ˣҲˣӶˣľȻˣ
˵ƤƿˣԼ

̣
ȵЩӻЩѣΣû֪ԼʲôλãΪǶΣ̧ͷһܿǿޣܽܽ
Ҳ˹˵ĵһӦǣˣɻ϶Ҫˣ
Ȼٵһ£ȻǱɱ˲䡣
ޱȿֲ
ĸ챧ڻУҪ£Ҫ£أ㿴ǿ֮أҪˣǣԸϧҲǻֵᷢģ
ĸ
㣿
ޱ𾪣ȻʵϾ;ס׶أϼзĴ󲿷飬֪صϼŵ飬ʱ֪Ҫһ˻Ǿ׶شһЩʱգû뵽ȴǻǵȲҾ硣
˶ΪԼˣȴ˵Ѿûˣ
ûˣôܣ
Ǽǵ
תΧȫվǶʣȻҲǲ֪ΪʲôԼᡮģȻδؾһָǽ˵Ҳһ
ȵһ̣ǵȫƯ棬Ǹ漣֮ʱȻ򣺡ңǻˣû
漣漣
ЩҽԱЩһ֮ǰһ߾ߵʬڵϻȻǳܡ
رҽԱǿڴѧﶼרеҽѧϵΥѧ飬ȻǰʹǶЩǷʵС
ԼûҲվߣ˫ж˼įҲʵ㣬ôУϧأûкһô
ǲϧֳʲô飿
ĸ
ϧûأֻȥһ磡
һ磿Ÿոհϼôأ㣬϶ҪȥǸ磬ɵӷŲ㣬ԾһȥˣԲԣ
˵
ţΪžǣҾȥˣ
˵仰ʱסᣬ֪ʱ̣ϧĸĸŰ㵣ģҲһϧϣġ
㣬㲢һˣ֪ȹţŮ㣬ҷĵĺܣǾǸ翪ģϼţǰǴͺˣҿҪ㣬һҪϧϹͷҲ֪ԳŶÿ
ĸҲǵͷϧ㱣Ҳʡ²ˣû̫Ҫֻϣܹһ޸Ǳˣ

ҲǿĵЦٺһܼŮûбĵˡ
ãҪˣ
ȴ΢΢ü


1731 
ʶˣǼ֮⣬ҲܹĸܵĲ
аǰΪСϧˣһΣ鲻ã
ˣ
˸Ӱʧǰ
ȻܴԭأҪ֪̫ˣºＤսٻӰ쵽ˡ
ûй̶̬ȥһźɫмŵȴǼǿ
㿴ǵɫԼҲö룬˫֮б֮ȭȫ
ҲʹǺɫռˡ
֮ܶ绹Ҫȹǿ٣ԣҲǱǿ󣡡
˵
ҲЩһмһɫȫơ
ȻϵڲĶ֡
ȻǱ۶֣뿪
ȭ
һ֮ǿźɫȻһ̣ɳȥٷɳȥ˼ʮȻӣȻңԶʣ
һغϣƺǾԼĲ֣ʧ֮С
ô˵Ҳάǽ״ݻ٣֪ʲô飬Ҳûʲôޣѵһڶˣ
а
ʱҲ֪Ҫȥɭλ棬ǣɭλĿţȴһ֪
аգ֪ͲӦôܾͷŪȥλ涼ȥˣ鷳
ִΪǵϴԽȥģЯߵϵϢѰͨͨףڣɭλ浱еһжһ֪ûҵͨɭͨ
УΣҲҪͨλͨĻСϧ֪Ҫ˺
ûļ෴ǳ侲ڿУΪ뵽ȻûɭλϢǣСϧӵУ
ͬץɭλ浱У˿ȻɭλϢ
ۺϧСһ𳤴۲һһܹܳɭλϢһܹͨͨ
ԽԽʱ򣬽ûаôģΨ侲侲ϧϢܾȳ
ȥеһУУ·һĻĻϧһӣС÷С޲£СʱϷĻҲһĻĻֳڣһ죬Űשǲʱϧʹı飬ҲԺֱصĵϧڡϵʱޱȶݣȴǰ̹̿ġ
ϧ㷢ҪػŮˣһҵͨɭλͨġ
ǧ˿ƵϢС
һһ˿ϢСϧҲ뿪̫õģ
ֻҪ˿Ϣܹɭλľ巽λ뿪׭ͨɭλ档
ɫâȫȫЩϹ·Ҫסʣһ㳯һȥ֮Уһ׭ŷȻҪǿдͨͨ
Ǵĸλ洩Խһλ棬ؽյ֮еĴˣص򣬾һ͵ӡ
ʵҲ޷۳綼ָܻģֻҪɭλ棬ҾоȳϧĻᣡ
޷ˡ
Ȼ˿̣ǰȴǳһâǹâУ¶һӰ
ǻߡ
޴ǰһ̹ҪѼʱΪɭλ浱ǿƣΪôǿдͨͨô
ͣڿУϵϹҲ˲ʧϧץˣǷǣҲҪȥ
ϧ飬Ѿ֪ˣλ֮Ľ磬ô򵥣ʱ򣬲ʩչҲǿɽģ
˵Ͱͨͨнǣ
󣬻лһȦȦУһȹţȻִܵɭλ档
㻹ʲô
ߺȵ
ң˭ץϧ
ڻĶ֣ôô
ϧУ
ڣҶϧһëģǣҪԼԴ
˵
˼ǣ֣
ǣҲָҰˣֻһҵıȥԸˣ
ޣ
㲻⡣
ܹݻɭλĿֲ˵ˣ㣬ȥͨҪرˣ
ͷӰһǹŵС

ʱת̤һ̣ǿԭҰȴûκҪͷֻ뾡ҵϧȫ뷨
֮Զ㶨һһ˴ԶȥȻϣüֳ֮ȻӢʹ˿ڲͬ
꣡
˴
ң
ĪΧûˣͷԼꣿ˵ԼüĿ㣬ϣҲ갡бСӣҲﰡ
Ҷ꣬ôܲꣿ
ͣ£ͷһЦ꣬Թڰɣ
ڣ
ָָԶһ޸ߵĽȻĹĳǣ֮Ҫߡ
˿һı飬Ҳ˵ڱǹڣҲ˺ģ
Цݲ
˵ں͹ʲô𣿡
꣬϶Ǳ˷ġľĻҲҲһ֪⣡
ľ
ţף
ǣ߱˵ľָӲеĹˣֻҪһһ䣬ͻᱻ𵽹⣬ǧǽڣĻҪڹ⣡
꣬ǱǷɵˣȻ鶼֪
ҡҡͷҲûкֵ˼Ͼ˷⣬Ǿ飬ÿ춼й˱Щһ𵽹⣬ɵˡ
죬ҲǵõٹɭλѶϢ˵Ĺڹ⣬λĴṹгУңֻиɽկˣڹ֮ǧǽڣǧǽ渽֮ҪȥǼ򵥣ֻӵһʵ˲ȥ
˿ˣǴףԭҰҰˣԣǽһЩﲻܹǧǽڵġľ𵽹⣬𡭡ˣɱΪЩġľ֮š
˵ǼΪ顣
꣬ҵãߣһկУӽҹˣ˭۸㣡
ˡЦţһᣬҲǽⱣֱӽȥ˹˵ĻһϣûκƢ


1732 
أҲǺϣɭλͷʶʱҲ޷ҵϧҲϻȥٻͷŵϧܵκ˺ֻҪʶҵϧ뿪
һ޼ʵĴԭɽկҲЩһ񣬷ݶľ׮ģһܽЩľ׮ʵʶ̽Щľ׮Ӳ˵ǿ磬һǿߣ޷Щľ׮
ϣҲ˵ϣֻǡľҡڽȥЩ˼ɣ
꣬ϿΪأЩľһ˵ɽկĹ˶գǣǹ͹ڵˮЩһɽկǲֺõģϣ֤ݲͬҲɫ
˵
ͷϴΪԼ룬һӣûκ˽ģЩ벻ףҲû룬Ȼߵ㿴˳֮ĵһˡ
Ǹӣ̫̽⣬ڵȻٱȹĽ̻ʵҪǿ̫ࡣ
ǴӼҲһ磡
Ӿϵĵܵܡ
ǣ
Լˣ꣬ܣ㺰ͳɣ
壡
ͷ
ҲΪźˣǾӺʵһû˼ټ϶ȷʵɴͲ˼ˣϾҲǼ¡
Ҳֺǣã꣬ȥɽɱͷţ֡Ϊѹٺ٣
Цʱ򣬻¶һŵ꣬ɽȥ
ɽկ·ڣɽկʱܹвٹˣЩ˶ҲΪأǿϵ㣬ȴЩĿ⣬Ȼǡľݡ
㵹νǵĿ⣬ϾڲӪںȫ˼ǷѰϧϣɭλȴǱеĻҪֲ
ȣĿǰʶ޷鲼ɭλÿһ䣬ң⻹ǹ⣬͹ӵǧǽһ㼫ǿĽ磬ʶҪͻǲ磬ǼѣٵѰң͸ˡ
⣬Ҳмطʶ޷ģ֪Ϊʲô
ϵӻǸɾһԲľӣϰڷŲ˵ЩɽϵԾڵʣʣϿЩֵǮ
ķ۲õһ䣬֪ΪʲôҲøˡ
ϣܵɽִͿˣȥɣ
ձ۾ȴ˺
ִȥ꣬ڼúôţҪȥ
һ仰ϼٵĳɱ۲ϵΪʵҲܡ
ˣΪֻһССɽկˣ˵ԭϣŲǧɽկɫ

ڵɽկһ޷ɽɽڶ޹֣ʵȣ޹ɽկжΪֵǮ确ţ֡ĴȫǱնɱһֻţ֡ҲôףΪӷ磬ɽնɱţ֡ʵѾǳ㡮ӡˡ
ţ֡ɱϡ٣ټϻǱԲ˶Ҫɱţ֡
ϸϵ޷ɽϵʱѾ˲ɽկˣ˿ˣˣ
ȺУܺһЩŭĿӣЩﶼŸͷͷޱȣǱһֻ˶ޱȵġţ֡ҡ
ܵĸͷڵϣѪͶԷִϣҲ˵磡
ϵͷͷţ֡˭ɱģ
ϣ⡮ţ֡ȻɱģȻ⡮ţ֡ɲǣһܹɱô
һһЦ
ߣֻϹ֣ڱϿţּͷˣǡţ֡ϵһģ⡮ţ֡ôɱģ
˵
˫ִһʣԼû˿
Ҳֵʱնɱţ֡ʱûģţ֡϶ǱȻۺ졣
ΪϵĵܵܣЩͽţ֡ߣܡ
ϳĬû˵
ϣɽկпǳĹ˽ͷţֵܼ֡ɱģܵⲻΪôңǼҾôܳԵĵһͷţ֡ƽʱûܹնɱţأ
ǼˣԵһֻţ֡ʲôϡ棿
ŭ
ˣ
˵ƺ˵˵磬˵ϽǸڡľһõüĿģǰʧȥһӣҪǡľһ׵ĸܰɣ
˵ʲô
ܽһߣƳɵĴͷУ۾ɴȻҪԸǡ
Ѹͷ£
˵
磬ôţȫҲ
Ѹͷ£
ߵĽ󸫶¡
Ǽ˵ġ硯Щߣǵһ۷˵ǻˣ˵ϣɽկпǳϼĶҲڵеʱɱģһ㣬ɽկ˶Ϊźոֵ˵ɺãͷţ֡Ϊ룬ǵһ
ϸ˵һȴǴͷţ֡ڶһֱӽţֵΧѪȫжϣʹ⡮ţ֡ûа㷴ĸ˿ȥ⡮ţ֡˺ۣѪģʵϴദ˿ڶڡţ֮֡ȥģΪľ˶Ŀ
ϻûӦ˱ȫ󷽣һġꡯ˫֣˫ء
㡣
ҲģֻǾϺܶʵˣǼã̼ɽϳԿ
ţȻͬԷ˵⡮ţ֡һΪ˵ʵϼܵʵҪԸǼ練ƣɽկȴǲִԲŻЭ
˵Ϊ˻ӭҶɽնɱţ֡Կ
ﰵ
ϴ꣬ڵľ
ģȷüĿ㣬ڵľвͬأ
ͬʲôٲͬҲľѽ

꣡
ϺҲǿ㣬ǴǰǼִļһ˵ĻŭڣСôʲô֪ڱϹĦһ
ιڵľɽկеִɲ˳˵ģ
һ˸ľɵҲ
ȴһŽǵϵţһ˿ҲǺȵЩ˲ľɵ꣬ؼҵˣ˭ٸ˵ľҵĴĲ
ͷ±ĵС
һΣûн£˵ͷţ֡ؼҵģҵҪ˭һΪ꣬ǻȥ


1733 
ܽţ֡ӣɽϵǼ˺޵ȴֻܿż뿪Ͼʵؼˣֻա
꣬ãһ۾Ϳ࣬ٺ٣Щ˽ʧأ
иͷţ֡ţģţţΣţޣ˵ҪԣʵЩ֪飬ǲɽĺãһͷţ֡ҪԼȫԵ
壬ҴСţЩ㶼˰ɣ
˵
ɲУ꣬⡮ţ֡ȫǱ⡮ţġǿ׳ţٶ֣ţΡȥţ޵ôԺͻ׵ģ
ܺȻһЦ
һͷţ֣󱻷ֳݣһȻģһ޴Ӱǰ㲻Щµĸܡ
˵ܣǷȫԣ˳ԲЩҲԺԵӣҲǿΪǿǣ
ܵͷҲǿ㡣
ϵʱῴһڵϣ̧ͷǹ⣬Ǹ㣺иӣ㿴ȥСǳÿ춼ǺҲɽկһжٮٮߣǣһκɽկսС
֮ӢţôãʵҲҪֲ԰Ĺʧ
ͷ
ִˣʵҲ֪ǣϲԼɽկִԲŲ󣬵ǽĳ֣ȴôǱ˸Ƶã
˵˵꣬İ㿴һԴˣ
ţǺˣ
ˣҪȥˣ֪Ҫսˣ
ɽկô
ţΧܶɽկɽկɽկ֮ˣǷӣǽֻһĿģʳǳ
˵͵Ժȥˡ
ڶһ磬ܹɽկһ䳡һ㣬ɽկе綼ڼţϺҲڣȥʱ֣ܳҲǵͷ߹ȥˡ
ѵĶһЩɽկĻһʽǾ͸ˡ
ɽկеĻȻûʲôȤףҲ￴š
ž
һʮĺӱһƻ˵ϣľѧô죬ɽկĻѧᣬѵҪװô
üͷ΢壬޷ɽϺִǲˣڵʹһ꣬Ϊҷǿվֱȴǲҿһ
飬ɽկģû˻ر⡣
ҲڵϣţȻĹֻҪ̫֣ҲöܣϾԼŮ˶ڱУҲǾ
ãǰֵ˵˵˾ɽկһ֮⣬ȥҪǣ
һɽկ˹
ʲôǻˣģΪɽկǲɣֵǣͳȥ
顣
һˣϺҲȻһ˵磬ǻˣǱʱ
Ҳǵͷ
УԭɽկɵһΣּɽկʵɽկȻʵϾûкɽկˣҪԸǣϼѰ
ǿΧѪԵɽկĻôû̲ǣƨҪΪǰȥֵǱ𣡡

һԶ˶ϵɽկ棬ϱòȥȴ˵ֻǳȥǰЩһֺǴŲмЦݣƺܾ֮ϵ˵ܿҲ˫ð𣬺ȥһ١
ȿȣǲҪᣬǵǵģֻǹ֮Ҫڷľٺ٣ǲģ
ֻҪǽЩڵ꣬ɽկǲᶯֺ

ʵ֮˭
˵ǧɽկ֮ͳɽկ֮ˣҲǹһǿߣ
һǿߣȻͳЩɽկΪʲôǻҪڶ
ǹ⣬ʤ̭棬ǵ淨򣡡
ͷô֮ǰϽô
ûУûУ˵Ҳǹ죬֮ǲŲʵģôͻȻҪˣ
ҲЩ󣺡꣬ģҺʹ϶ߵģԤУЩֻҪһˣ϶زˣǿ϶ǲںЩ˵ģ
ֻǽЩľˣһϽ
ٺٴЦһǸոձϣ⹷־һ
ļһͷץ
ץ֣Ҳ΢΢üЩȻʲôˣɽկеĲ˶Ҫꡣ
Ȼϣ˶ѹ˽ȥˣЩ˵׼ǰ
ûУǣ֮Ըйˣ˭Ҳݹɱڣ
٣ϣ㻹ŸʲôɱΪ˽Բһڷͺɽկ⵽ƻɲֵô
˶˵
˭
쿴㣬ȵ˲ǹˣߣ˭֪鲻ô
Ѿҹˣ
ȴ˵
ʲôѾ˵֮ǰǹˣ
ȷʵҺȴǶĬҵļһֱ˴ˣ
˾ǹˣ϶ҼǵĶϴҵǹأߺߣոɶӲɣɶӺܿҲҪˣȻ㣡
еĳǹָϣдսҪ֣ȴǺȵɱҶӣȻǵãȴύģ
ץס϶ģһǰµˣ
˺ȵ
ҲǺ磬Ƿϻôʲôɱ˵
˶ڱϿϷԼҪΪԼǵ¶ȻһɽկģҲûбҪΪһľ԰ɣһٳˣｫѪɺӣ
Ǻɽկ˶˵һԡ
Ҳ趯˫еĴ󸫳ŶԷ˹ȥͷķɱ϶ӵ죬λҲһ˷гǹսӢˬԼΪԼڳһPOSSеȻһ̣ȴǲ֪ΪʲôǳһֱӴӿˤȥײڵϡ
װƣ֪װ˰ɣΪֶ𣡡
ܸ߾ٴ󸫣ˤ˸ʺȥȻԷϾ˶ڣļܵĸҲǻ˵챻ɱĲ״
˿Ҳۿ죬˫ƻߵļɣĿɱȻҪնɱ


1734 ֮
ȻˤڵϣޱǱΪǲ̱һԾ𣬵ȻȴѣʲôڿоȻˤȥ˵ȥš
̵ǷӦɱǰߡ
ɱһﾹȻҴɱң
ȵ
ϺΧУǻǺ꣬ߣǣ
ҡҡͷûҪȥϾͷʶ̽ûϧİ䣬ʱʵûаҪ
ĵгһڤĻֱӻ˳ȥϺܱĪĿΧȺһֱӱȼճɻҽ
ȻӦһжɵģɽկеˣǶĿĿŷһĻġ
ʲôô᣿Сӵ˭
ٴУЩ֪˵
֪˭ô
ǰЦ
ûзֵǣߵл˵˴˿ȫΪҽ澪ˣ˿߸ɽկɵˣֻʣһˣ
Ԯ
˵˿ҡ
㣬㵽˭
ң֮ΪʲôҪץЩˣ
ңҲ˵ʲô˽ɭλ棬ߵӣ
ѵǸץϧˣ
Щɣ㳯˵ɱӣ飬ҾͲ˰ɣ
١
ǸҺȴһĮʱҼǵĳǹҶ࣬ϴŵЦݣⱲӶǵģ
ɱңɱҰҺˣҲӦɱӣҲǱΰ
ȥɣ
Լĳǹֱӳؿڲȥ
ǹؿڣƴڵȻǻˡĿΪû뵽緢ĹȴǱǹ
ҵļ˶ŵЩ£ΪڳǸոȻǿЩ˵ôճɻҽģǶţ۲ʶ̩ɽǸҪɱǣţǶԸ⣡
ţǻʸ񣡡
Į
ǼŵøѪɫǶ֪ԼˣˡҪɱǣ
㿴һǱŵ꣬˵ˣ
ҼֵȫڤĻΪҽ
𺳣
˶𺳣ǻŸոǲе㣬˴ţϾɱ˵ֶʵֲ̫ˣկҲмٺˣȻȫɱһ
ϺҲǳǶ֪˵ʲôãΪҲ˵ϣ壬ʵϲеˣ˵ҲǴλ֮еģλ棡
λ棿
оȣʵʵ̫˼ˣ˵λҲΪʲôҪ
ҵӣɭλǿץˣ֮н֮أԲűɽկݣʵЩǷȱ
˵㲢ûⱾͲԭλ棬СĽȷģңҪȣˣﻹɱ
˵
ҲǵͷұΪؼж˸ˣû뵽ȴ磬ûʲôҼʶǿߵôɱ˵ģֶóأ
Ȼǲκ΢ԣֻźض뿪صԼȥǻ᲻á
Ҳǵͷʵ֪֮ô
ⶼĵ̣ûй̶ڵĵطһ֮أȴ˵
ʲô֮أ
Աɽû˸ҽӽȴ˵֮
˵
㵹ܹʶܵԱдΪȵĵطȳ̶ʶʹֻ̽⵽Ļǻɽϵʲôȴǲ̫
֮ȻҪץˣұ㳹ƻľô͵ס
㰵롣
ûаؼҶ뿪ʱɽկ˶˿ڴ찡һȻҪҹ֮鷳ûе

ϵɽկΪģΧǧȴСɽկЩɽկЩѾˣЩȴǶȻЩɽկǲ뱻סǱʵҲǽǿԵֵסˡ
֮һЩ͵˰䷢ЩִﵽһЩСˣǧɽկͲ©ˡ
̶һʱ䣬ʹü˹ѺĹȫͷţȻûɱ޹Щ˵ͷĿ֮
ֻҪ⼸˵Ͳǹ֮
˿ɽկһѪ˵ɽկУǸΪƣа취ԹԣҪ֪磬ۿ㵽жǿģɲʵҲ֪⼸ҪǲТλүӾͲùˡ
ȥأûô
ȵ
Ϣŭ֮޶ҵҲҪʱҵοץ˵飬֮ʱѾܼȣȴҲû뵽һ֮͸ϵͷǣһ˵˵Ҫɵİ
ǧɽկȫ´ȥҲҪʱܽȫϽȥ
Щ˵Ҫȵ֮ϵǣǴϵ֮
ҡͷҿûôʱϹģ
ǣǴˣһɳȫְȥҹֻ֮ǣ֪ʲô飿
ʳڱǾԼЩ죬ͷ֪ԽȻԽ㻹ûڣϽȥƬͣ
ʱһâȴǴײֱӽײǽϣĪôҲǹһ˵ȻǱвֱĪײڵϡ
һ˭
һ̧ͷŵɫˣأ֮
ǵӰЩ˿ڡ
ǰӰǰȻֻһзųâһĮĿ㣬Ҳսȭͷֵܣ
ߣ㣬ɱֵܣȻҵҲգ֪Щץģôֻ࣬Ϊ˽ˣ
֮˵
ϧ
㱩ŭ
ߣŮôôȥɽɣһֲ潫Ůճɻҽһ𣬹
֮ƺĳ޺ǿң˫ƺð֮
ţ
һȭһƽ֮ķնɱ
Ȼһ˾һһ㳯ȥ˿һĻһǽУȴǿײڵأ׷ʲôˣ
ʲô£ǣҶţȻ֮ɱˣɱˣ
һ


1735 
Ա쳣Ⱥɽ룬ɽܹܴ̣֮ɽܹ֮һֻֻߵĻϬţٲȻǹһء
ЩɽȻԳ֮Ϊɽȴǲ֮˵ĵһ
ڿУʶɢȥѾЩɽ֮ϣʶȻԱ鲼Щɽÿһ䡣
٣Ϊֹûҵϧ䡣
֮㲻ñ۵ɽôôҳ
㳯һɽһƣɽȻЩɽ嶼һ飬һɽ嵹£ɽ嶼дС
䣡
ʯ쳹
ٲĻ۱ǽеĻɽȫˣ
ٴһƣһɽƾը٣ˡ
һɽ֮б㣬ʵ̫ǿ㶼ҪһӰȻһӰĹ֮һɺŭ⣺㣬û뵽Ȼô죬ߺߣҲãȥԼ죡
潫쵱ֵܵĻںڰ磬Ϊβƽ磿ʲô
Ц
㣬˵ʲôڻҺֵ֮ô㣬ʱҺ˵ã½һУɨһе֮ٽڰ硭һжˣ㽫ɱˣ㾹Ȼõֵɱˣ
ϧΪθܲĴڣ
ߣѱɱ㣬㻹Ҫټôֱǳ룡
֮ȵ
ģۺϧͨǳ飬һܹܵ
㲻š
֮ȴһ
֮гһųɫȻȥȥɣ
ȻʱУһӰȴǽǿųɫƣǹӰֳԭΣȻǻߣĮ֮ӦʲôѾ˰ɣ
ʼˣңʲȥǿСɱҵֵܣҪ𣡡
֮ıԥƺܼɵߡ
Ҳǵһ֪ߵ֣ԭǽʼ棬ȥͦġ
ҵѵҲҪôǾȡɭλĽҪڰưԣңڣˣ˸ɴ࣡
˵бΪҲ֪㵱ʱҲҪ½磬ֻǼһ㣬ɱˣĻֻҪɭλĽȥҲ½罫ɱģ
֮һ˵
ǿ㣺Ůû£Ұںܰȫĵطİɣ
һ˵ţлһӰϧһɽˮﻨĵطУȻǿģȴܹоϧʱ˿ԼһŶԷ
Ӱʧ˵ͷΪʲôҼʲô˼
㣬ɭλ漴ٺƽ٣ԶŻˣֻڵпܵסⳡѣ
˵
ֻҵŮˣ
ҪĻʱǣѾزȥڰˣܽʵһΣҲ˵ٵʱŮ˿ܶ
˵ԣΪŮ˵ҲҪˮһս
һ۹֮һϧҲɭλ棬ھɱ㣡
㣬ڲǹ˼˶ԹʱҪΪ룬οڵʵȴǲģ
˵
ʵԸͷĻ϶һȭȥ֣ǰʱҲҪΪ˴룬ڵҲҪΪ˴룬û뵽ɭλ棬ҪΪ롣
Ϊɭλ治֪ҪʲôҪԼΪЩҪˡ
㣬飬Ҹ㣬ڵ֢Եϵʱҽܻʮ꣬Ȼ֮ȴһ棬ûΪʲô
ҡͷ
Ϊر𣡡

ǧ磬Ųλ棬ĸλǸˣӵԼǸ˵һЩߣЩ˵۹ţǽ˵ͨͨķȴǲ⼸ֵУ
˵˵ֹֻ֪һΣ
˭ߣ

ΪʲôΪʲôҪѡң
ѡģҲҲִ˵ˣ
˵
㲻ʼôʼ֮棿
ܶ飬ԺŻ֪һȸ㣬ɭλһЩɣ

ʱ֮㷽ŵͷͷ˵ʲôޣÿһֻʵٱȱۻҪǿ⻹ֻһЩޣҪһЩսʵɲ⡭⣬ֲĶȥǲǷˣ
λ棬Ҫռɭλ棬㣬ԶŻѪٶȸͲһ˿ԱģҲҪԷƱһɭλһЩؾؾУʵھܹʵҪ컯ˣ
۵컯һֱҸոɭλ棬ֻǹ۲һ֮أڵҵǴδʶأ
ʼҲǵͷ˵ҲûɭλµһЩȻ˵һ飬ȷʵûȥɣеϣֻҪڹϢʱ򣬱ܽ뷨
ʲô
档
ȴǳһƴСĶ¯ⶦ¯渽һЩ·ʼͣǹ֮˵ʼˣͨ춦ǼڵİٱǱܣʹΪһǧΪⶦ¯ֻд˵вŻ֣ȴû뵽ȻĿˣ
ͨ춦㣬ⶦ¯ҶѾûʲôôˣÿרǱǿ̫࣬Ҷ֪ⶦ¯ԼǱܣ
ôһöҲǲˣ˵ͷҲ֪ڵʵɭλֻеȣֻǸһ¯ǲʲôķȫóɣ
֮ڱզ࣬СӾȻʼ⣬治֪ˣΪʲôӵɭλǱҪ
ʼҲǷӦСӣգһȷϧҰڰȫ򣬾Ѿʼ޼ɵˣȥڣȻҲҪȥʶеŮġ
ʼ治˵ҲҡҡͷСۿɭλ˳һ¯Ҳ˼
ˣ⻹м㣡
ʼε


1736 
ڡ
ǧǽΪޣһǹ⣬ԭɽկҰһǹڣںͺڰʵϼƣ˵ʵȴǱȺڰҪǿϲֹһΡ
˶ʣ츳ԼԶΪأǴСء
һӤһҪרҵļ⣬ֱʮ꣬⺢ӵĸָ궼ûдĻվֻѹľһ࣬ᱻڡ
ȥʵпᣬʵϺ͹⵱еĸɽկ֮ɱһ棬ֻܱ̭֡
ǧǽڸƣ꺮һһݽɣǿǧǽǧףܸܵĪĺ⣬ǽ֮Уһɭλ֮ΪǿĽ磬ǧǽڲᱻƻ겻ࡣ
ԣֻʵﵽһεߣӵʵǧǽڷɳʵߣӹɽҲһ
Ȼǲмڵģ⼸Ҳûй˻Ծǽڽڡ
ǧǽ֮£һţǽ֮µţžÿιڽľͨ
ŵԿɹɣ£īԼɰأÿ£űؽһΣڵľͳ
һΣͳľӡ
һʱ֮䣬ǧǽ֮˳ӵɵ߶УеķŲƯڿУеվ֮ϣҪιڵ׽ͳλľ
ݣ
һӰǰЩ˵Ṧǳ˵ãֻǰһѾִ֮⡣
ЩȫЩ鲻Խ˵ǷˣȻȥ磬ֲÿڹǧɱΧīᲢۣ
ɵ˶ɷǰվԭأûпܣʱϱӰҲǿ
߶ȫڣⶼԺյɣʹ֮һҲ֪ʵҪɷɺīҪǿһΡ
Щɵȫźɫ磬ޱȡ
Ȼˣ˵Ŀ⻹Ǳ߶Ⱥס
һ绨񣬿ƽŮˣҲǹ֮һīɵǿߣȻһ֪īɷŴڲ꣬ͻ𣬵ȺΪ֮һʱ䷽꣬䣬īɵȫʹĽѵ
ЩϷīɵŮ˺͹ڵһ¥¥еŮһһڹɱ飬ӲԣһڴС
ɵĽȻûǰɵ޳˵һεġ䡯ʽλɵʮ˱뵽̨ϼʵȻϣһ߼ÿһַΪŽףλµĵûдﵽȼˮƽ⣡
ʲô
ȼףǰֻҪȼˮ׼Ϳأô߱׼ˣ
ˣҲŸոսȼˣ

ɵаȵʲôǽ׼һװˣɹͬ飬޸ĵĿܣЩɣѵֻһЩɽͷϴôҪ֪Ұ˿һֱǻ񣬵ȵһգͲסҪǽڣһʲôף
аŭĿ˶ҳˣǶϷһֱɵƶģ˸а㷴Ļᡣ
ȻһԺգ˲ŹٽµӶˣʱͲУԣһˣһЩСɵеˡ
ȻҲЩɻΪ˲Լڡ䡯ʽ϶żǳɽС
ţɣٽԼػԿóɣŴ򿪣ǡ䡯ʽʼʱ򣡡
īɵѩ˵лһöԿףöԿޱȾ׼Ĳŵ֮ϡ
ԿףֱΪƹܣֻмԿףܽŴ򿪡
а޳ɶһۣԴĮмɵһֳζеԿ׶˳ȥ
ǣ
žȻˡ
һɲԭϢ˱Ƕ㣬Զ͹ȫͬζ
˶ܿһƬ̵Ĵԭ紵ݵͼţǹڿķ羰
ߣҰ֮ذˣ
аĮ
ѩ˵䡯ʽʼֵʱһӰȴǳڴԭ֮ϣ
Ұˣ
˶ɻ
Ҫ֪ΪŶƬԭ͹ڽԹǼ䲻мסģÿΡ䡯ʽǻرܣƬԭ֮ϣȻ˿̣Ƕ׷׾Щ֡
Ұˣȥǹˣ
˵ǹˣŽǵˣ
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ľڹܹһ£Ҳǲ½ڣֻҪǧǽ֮ϷԽԡ
վסȻҹ֮ˣΪβأ
ɵµסվˡ
ȻȴûۿԼǰЩˣǼȮڹһ㣬ֱš
˿̣˿㿴ĸ峺ˡ
ò㣬˧üһϢȻΪǳȴһɼǿƣ˾򵥰
ȷʵӢֻϧīɲеӣҪȻɽϣȤ

ӣթʼ棬һ·׼ǧǽ֮ϷԽȥģ˭֪˿ȴǴˣŲɵô
֪ȻۼôˣҸոǼȻֵǰЩ˵УЩһʵȻ£Ծ
СӣѵûҸո˵ĻôҪĻֻܴǧǽ֮ϷɽûĸľǴŽģ
ֻ۾ľˣ
ƽ
㲻ľܵģľΪҪȥ⣡
ѵͲڴԭϺ̾ôĿã㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷ¶˼ѵı飺ҼȻľǻǰû˵ùô
Ǽɵĵӱôһ˵һŭǿһ۲ԶվŵаҲǰСӺÿ񣬲ЩҲȷʵ޶ۣʱȻҪɫѵ֪ɾԿôȥݺݽѵСӣҲԲ˵仰ɣ
ģȻǹɣСӣ֪֪
ԣڻû˸ɣ
ЩɵӵܶĦȭƺҪѵһ
޳ɿһĻҲǲ£ĵСӣȻҵɣұһ
˵ɿǴӲ˵ģλСֵܼȻѾ˵Ϊǲ̫壬Ҫ֪ڵȺۿǶڱϿأ̫֣лǲã
оǧԣԿСӼȻҵµӣҪۣ
аûиɰӡ


1737 
ԭɵоҪʤһֻǷ½ɵ޳һ˵ӰҪѵˣʧ˱棿
ɾԿаҲġ
СӲ֪ĴɵģΣɣ͸õõѵ
ȵ
µӵͬȮһ㣬Χϣˮйͨ
޳ɱϷƽ˾ȴǲӿӶߣҪɺÿ
СӾȻûа㺦£һηӣѵڲԭϱײɵ𣿡
Щɵ˶ЩΪ˿̵㿴ȥƵƺʱΧһΧˡ
Щԥţīѩȴҡҡͷа޳˵еΪ飬ǽɶֽѵ»Ӱڹڵ󣬵ʱǵĽ
ûм˵ȥ
аȴüͷ΢壬ҲȻڹǰԵޱȵĴڣҲɱ޹ǳΪֽɣ񲻳а̣ʱ˱ض
У治ѵСӣ
ˣҲֻŻŻСӰˣôܻ۸һδɣ֮أ߿
ȵ
Χ˶һɢ˵СӣţɲĹģ
صһۣ˾Ȼһ˲֮䣬ħһ㾪г
ôˣ
ŭʲô裿
ٲУɫ԰ףղһ˲䣬ƺ֮ͫУ١
˿վһԣĲԶīɣΪѩ֪ǷںĵİҲǶ࿴ЩŮһۣһʵǳǿںڰ統У¾Ǿǿ߶ǵĶ֡
ѩһʵô˵жǰλģҲͱаһЩ
ģҲīɵÿģ˿֮ĸоѩϵǱһ˿䣬ƺ˱־롣
оڶĿɨʱȴǲûзκ˿ĵѵҵĴɣ
䡯ʽʼɣ
޳˵
ʮĵӶվ̨ǰ㿴мӾȻŵ˫ȶ£ЩҪˣɼ⡮䡯ʽǵ˶Ƕôײеһ顣
ȻЩӵв֮ˣǰͦأȵ̨
̨ʮʯʮʯʯͷʡ
Ȼϣȼ׾ǹأ
һʮˣ̨ϵһ飬֮ˣܿ죬Ƕʯ֮ϡ
޳ɵͷһ飬Ȼȫͨ˲ԣ˵ʵȻ˻ƼǱޣ
ʮ˵УȫɣܹͨСɣͨаٷ֮ʮǲˣ
˵
Ȼ߲ûһȫͨĹ⻷ԽͨԽͣһ飬ֻһͨ
ҡҡͷ̾ʵЩСɵĵӣȱ˲ģʵмûͨĵȫͨģڽ䱦֮еʱ򣬾̫УܾԼͨˣȻ⡣
һİʮˣͨԵһʮˣδͨԵһʮˣ
޳˵ţεͨʷҪԸһΣҪ֪ͨѶȿǼӴһЩͨ˵УеĵһʵǿʮһΪѾִ̼ףʵǷһٮٮߣȻɵҲвǿӿ˵Ρ䡯ʽǳ
ֳǣչأδͨһʮ˻Ҫģ
ڹȻܹԽǧǽڣΪҹˣ˼٣ΪǵѾǲʺϹе
ףǺˣ

ǿΪ磬Ҫ̭֣һʮ˵УһЩƺûʵĲпᣬǲ̺͸ԽɵĽЩ˱ʹˮ
ʦΪʲôҪ⣬ΪʲôҲȥԭﲻȫҰ𣡡
ҽŬòãҲ͵˿ɲԣʦȥ޳´һԹأ

ҲЩǲмһˣޱȣ˷ңڹ񹦴ɣһҪǿŹһȥ
һٶ᲻öȫŵ뿪Կ¹С
޳˵ڵޱȲпģÿ£һҪ⣬ϣǸʱҪ쳣̿࣬Ļݹˣ
˵꣬ɵһЩСĵӶһţ䶼ûеʮ꣬Ȼ֪Լôһ졣
ǣͨ˶ǹڵǿߣҪ֪һ;ǼΪӣȻϣִ༶ˮƽǱܽڵļؾؾʱ򣬲ܵаĿʼ
޳˵
ɣʱҲˣЩÿ¶˵һ飬Ҳ۵ûţ
аҡͷƺЩ̫ͷ
޳ϲûߣȻ㶼˵ˣô䡯ʽʽλԻصɽˣ
ȵСɶ߹ˣֻʣɵʱаɫһ˦վǰСӣ㲻ɵˣѵǷ½ɵĵӲɣ
ֿһ޳ɣ룺ѹһỤСӡ
ȴҡҡͷӦòҷ½ɵĵӣҵļû˥˵ɵӶϲ
ɣЩСɵȫ߹ˣֻʣɣɾֲܳ𱰣ʵСӣ˵ǽɵˣѵѵīɵĵӣңǸŮˣ
Ц
㲢ûҪὭ˼ʹųаɱ͵ҵСˣʹаʵȷʵǣУûһҪǲԶѩ˵˵ۣϾƯ
㲻ҲĪȣڵ˭ҪӣСӣզȴأ
޳ʵСֵܣȻûиСɵ뿪ǱȻ֮ˣǡҲûڷмأ
һɵûаȤ
ǵ˵ţҵȷɵĵӣǣȴ֪Ҫȥɽţ
ɽţƵɽţ˵
绪ɽ
ʼ硣
绪ɽ
޳ɳԾˣһԵĽͲԶѩɻرѩǸͲ˵Ļ


1738 
ڵȷƵɽţÿһɽŶһɣ֪ɷɾɽɽȫŮӵīڷ绪ɽ
޳ϵľȲԶ֪绪ɽĸɵɽô
֪
ͷ
ȷ֪
绪ɽīɵɽţ
㵭˵
Ȼ֪㻹Ҫǰ绪ɽѵ绪ɽˡ仰û˵ô
ҡҡͷ
аҲЦһСӣڸЦôҪϷ绪ɽŮ˿»ĵȣ
ʦ㣬СҪǷ绪ɽ
һīɵŮӵ˵
ѩͷ߿ȥһת˲վԣվţܹᵽѩǹеŮζ˵ΪʲôҪ绪ɽ
Ϊʲô
ģ
ѩĮ˵
ǵǣã£ôȥѰ飬ȥ绪ɽֻҪһˣ
󵨣νҲֱ䣿
һŮŭԭСӳüĿ㣬Ǹ˧ӣȻ˵ĻŭŮӵĵߣҪ֪˲īνڶʢĸ֣һһ㣬òٹ˶𾴡
ֲΪʲô˵
ʼ硣
Ůӻ˵ʲôȴǱѩֹˣ˵Ҵϵʲô飿
¹ػܣȻҪҼ˵ѵǺϣҵɵǰ˵һЩ¹Ҫ飡
ЦЦ
ѩҲǿа޳һۣĵȻ֪СڸʲôҪʲôܵ飬˵ˣȻᱻʱǲðˡ
ԥ֮ʱаȴǸµӵһʹɫǽЩյɫĵӣʮ꣬һΪͻ̼츳Ǳ쳣ؼǳаĻ˵䲻ľһĺù
ˣȻӡ
һһСɣҴӹȻǹˣ˭֪ǲǹļϸϷ绪ɽʲôıƣ֮ˣĻسɴ󻼣
˿ҲЯ䡯ʽ¼ĵһ˵Ļʮ㣬һͷ͵Сӣצ
һīɵļ£޹أСǹļϸҲīɴǳΪǧˣûйϵ
˵
ʦСӸոյôǰǹʵȥҿɲУҪɣǻãɼֱ棬ҪɣһҪֻع
һ˵
һʦ˵ոյˣΪִԲ򣬷Ҫأ
˵
һȴ˵ҪѵСҸ˵飬ҵʦɶûϵʦ壬ҲҪҰɣ
޳ɲ˵ﲻ֪һʲô⣬ȻᱻԴСаɿţʵ϶߳ǸһԺȻǷ½ɵĴ󻼣ɲ
аҲ˵һʦȻ޳ý˽𣬲ǡ䡯ʽĵһҲ뿴ڵʵ˶٣
㿴ŵһ޲̾ͽԼɱаӣҲǴ˸ǷƨҪ簡춼ˣҿҪϷ绪ɽˣ
СӣҪΪո˵Ļ︶ۣ
һСǺң˵һڶ˵ķĹ㣬ȻҪԹˣϾҿҪɵķҡֱϵˡ
޳ɺѩվһԣûҪ˼ѩߵŮʵʦ㣬Сӱǻã뿴һ졮䡯ʽһôģȻǵһõûСӺÿ
һʦҪˣʮɣѱΪһǿߣĻʦҲˣ֣ܹԼһģ

һȻ֣Ƶһźɫ棬ɵе棬ޱȣڻһС
Żĳ֣Ҳʹò˶΢΢𾪣һҪء
һֱˬŮӶ΢΢̾ϢСȻ˵㣬ҪδЩ˭ܲסͣɱҲǻá
ȥ
һкڻȻ㣬޴ޱȵĻȥҪ֪ɭλ棬ǿƣȺڰǿ˲ֹһΣһոչֳ̼ǿˮƽǺڰ統е޷ֲֵ˹
а΢΢һаĻȣƺһʩչȻҲԤ⵽ڡ
䣡
Ȼһ̣а۾ǵɵϴЩ̫ǰ״һֱȣʲôôܣȻܹס
Ҫ֪һ̼׵ˮƽԭڹھеǿˣа϶һ˵ٮٮߣ֮ܳңȻȴǱͬ˵㵲ס档
ȻĲǺ֪ˣʲôƣܹ棬˵һʵ
ôܣ
𺳵Ȼǵһ˫Ѫܹɵ棬Ҫ֪һУʮҲа˳ɡ
Ҫٳ֣ѩȴǷˣˣҷ绪ɽīеĵӣһ㻹Ҫѵô
īеĵӣ
һҡͷţ绪ɽϿ˵ģѩʦ壬ȻŶʮ꣬һЩڻ黹һģ
ͽѵҲҪô
ѩȵ
һԶԣֻܿа˵ѩҪסСӲô
ʱ֮ǰ˵ƽϵĻˡ
аҷ绪ɽϵĵӣȻǲܵ˺ģеĵط£
ãһīɣһѩһߣԺеǻᱨģ
ǣʦ
ߵʱһݺݵĵ㣬ԣС´μ棬Ҫ֪ôġ
ǣ
ȻʱȴǱһʯͷĲˤһЩīɵŮӿģҲЦ⡣ʹõһǺˡ
ȵɵߺ޳Ҳ˵ѩʦãɵԽԽˣԺ¡
Ҫûīɡ
ʦ֣鳤Ǻͽжᣬ޹أǻǸøԵıǣ
ţѩʦãȸһа绪ɽ˳ֵĴſ϶ҪĴģ

ʦ㣬ΪҪСӣҪ֪īɵش𺦵ģСӣǸˣ
ǰīҪʸ֮ˣаսթŹģ

ǣЩҸСӵҴϾʲô飡
ѩȴǿһ㡣


1739 һȺ
컪ɽ
ڶɽվһɽޱȣһʮ˵ֱ壬Ρׯϡ
㱻ѩīɵĵӴһɽ壬һ·ϣЩŮӶ۷׷ףϲģȻҲģǵ㶼ǳţ֪ʼˣ϶лҪµģĻҲ
һֻŮˣû˵ɽ
ֱ˵˼䰡ʼǸһȻƽʱЩСӣһ¡
ɽ֮ϣܹŮһޱȼУ趯ŽһĻ֡
ιǿ쿴ѩʦȻ˸˻찡üĿˣϲ
ףȻˣôᣬҪ֪컪ɽǶûп
˧ˣҴ͵ɽʮûأǰʦ㵹ڣٺ٣

ʦ㣬㿴ЩգҲ֪Сʲôÿģ
ǸһֱѩʦСòÿ츳ȴǼߣ컪ɽУѩ
㣬ҲΪֱĸ֣˲̫ס
ѩҡҡͷˣЩɽҲ˳ֹǽ㵱޿ɣϢϢҲã
㵹ûҵϲɽٿһݳһǷ˿ΪĳЩĸϻѹҼУȴǼõģˣӦ÷ŵÿԼ˧绹ֵĻЩ̫Ӧˣ
㣬ҵʱӦɵ˽ߵͲǰԲˣ
ѩ˵
ѩֽҸ˵ҪǲҵĻĿ϶ң
˵ǰЩΪֹͣŮ֣һഺѪϢЩŮӵУЩɬֱӵԴȵ̧ͷԶʱѾѩɽ
ıӰЩŮӶ׷̺˵գ˵˭ѽһҪ֪Ҫܼ޸ðôƯһϲҵģһģ
ΰɣôӷ׵ģ˧ϲŹأ
ȷʵӷףЩǳ۵Ӱ绨
ߣӽԺ˾ҰеˣʥַҪҵ壬Ҷԥ

żȻ˸磬ΪȻǲôߵɽΪðģĵ϶ֽڼˣ˧ȷʵﶼ㰡֪ѩǲҲűۡ
֪һò绨ŮŮǰԣ»һˤײ
ɽ֮ϣһЩװ޲ķݣͷʶ̽ȥȴҲ΢΢һЩӵУȻм˵Ϊ֮ϣɭλ֮һȷʵ
ڴȺ򣬺ܿһӰһҵг֣һŮˣ׼ȷ˵һ׷ħŮΪġ
ǿΪһͷ׷۽ûаƣƤȻŮˮۣ֪Ů˵ʵ϶ҪһǾЩ˼飬ΪŮˣ
󵨣ϣģǲ֪
С˵
㷽ȷʵЩ΢΢񣬵ȴΪԷĲ죬Щ벻ףΪܹƤҲҪǸŮʱ򳤵ʣ绨ҲãĻһǷģŮ˾˿װҲܱɾŮġ
Ů͵ģûв´ĻλӦþˣ
ûкԷǰϾҲô꣬һͱȶԷʱ̣ǰ֣ʼϻȽϺʣֻͷһֱ̫ò
ϣȻ
Сŭ
ϾʼָɵˣЩأȥɣ
˵
ʼ棿
ѩһȣϣѵ˵㻹¶ô
С˵ѩʦ㣬ҪĻϿ϶ǲСӵģҪ֪ʹ˵ģ
˵Сһۣͷ˵С˫ˣ
˫ڶأ֮
ǻжĹȥ
ǣϣСˣ
˵뿪ˡ
ʵͷȻ㣬ȴûиʲô¶ŶˣһҴ㣡
ʲô
˫һ
һžӨ͸ӳǰ˵еˮ飬ʼ氡ʼ棬㽫ˮңʱ򣬵ʱ㡭
ֻû˵Щʲô
ѩȻīһ䣬Ƕȴһ֪˿Ҳǲ֪ΪҪ飬Ҫ֪ӡУۺʱǼΪǵģĻҲڹһˣҾ֮λóνҲǼˣΪīɵ֮ˣۺεȴ£Իһʱҵˡ
㵹ǲ̫ڸ̾Щʲôֻ֪ͷʲôֻΪһӣһôԼ
Ҫ֪ʱթͷҲһ˳ģôһȻȻĴӦˡ
ܿ죬ʶ̽⵽һǿ߻ƻʵٶȿ磬˽֮ʱѩһ
ҲǿһˣһɫۣһֳŮ˵ķζ۷ǳˣ컪ɽϾжٸƯŮˣҸΪҪǣɽûˣ治֪ЩŮ˾᲻į
ⵤŮīν壬ѩ˵ͷߺԾ˵ȥСˣ
ţ
ҲǽĿϣĿõ㶼һ˿⣬Ҫ֪ǰŮ˵ʵ֮ϣⲻòëȻĸоطûˣ򻹲ҪȫһЩ
˵ϣ˵ɽˣұˡ
ţ壬֪˭ģ
֪
īɵһ֮֮ϣǰŮˣȥǼΪ
ʼ棡
ʼ棿Ϊβ
ô
˵⻰ʱһɢõ㶼Щ𺳣Ů˹Ȼǿ˹ǺͷһļһͷزǻñͰɣ
ǣʲô˼
еˮ͹ˣ
ʲôȻˮ飿
Щϲ
ţˮ飬ǿĶһ
أ
ָָ㣺ʼֻͶģ
Ǽһ֮ǰʶһ仰
˵ʲô
컪ɽīɵĵˣ
˻˵


1740
绪ɽ֮һ壬īеŮĵطɽ֮ɺ׷裬һͷͷСʨҲǶЩʨӿɲͨҰޣһֻֻ̺ޣһֻСʨӵһ̼ˮƽˡ
ЩСʨӵУһֻԾʨȺצǵͷĿ
ȵһ̣Ŀ⿴һٻӰһ˲֮Ƿȥ
Щ޶ǻеġ
ѩСʨӵԴҲڵʱƤ֪۸ǣŲҷ˼ȥ
ֻСʨӽеƤѩСɳ裬ѩĻԴ͵˦ģЩί
һյ֮ϣŮǶȻҲмͣϢڿС£Ժй˼źλɽ˧һˡ
ڸʲôڷգ
Сѵ
ʦ㣬ңûа
˵ûУЦǰۣǷʲôոǿǸˣ㻹Ҫ׸СӣҷȰ㲻Ҫʲô˶֪ͺСӿɲǸö
ʦ㣬绪ɽȻˣǽɵпǴδ˵׼ϲˣϲ˭ҵȨ
㣬ҺȰ㣡
Сܻ治֪СʲôõģȻô໨ա
ΪܹͲֹǰһڿС£г趯һ˫ʩչڷŵĲˬȴʹľӼУһһʽŮӿĿࡣ
˫ʵ̫ˣ֪Сʦ㵽˺εȽ⣡
ѹʦ᲻ϲգ

Сһ˫֮ȴҲǾվԭأҡҡͷѵͻˣ˫أ˽궼ûκνչȴû뵽ֻΪһִȴٴͻƣʵЩ֣
С񣡡
һӯӰ£ѩһֻСʨӣ˵˫ؽ⣬û뵽츳Ȼ֮ߣҪˣϲˣ
ʦ㣬ҲǷŲ֪ԼȻͻ˵ؽ⣬оʵ̫ˣ
֮ǰ˫һֱͣڵڶؽ⣬ѵʲôô
ѩʵ

С֪Ķ˵ܸܲѩΪԼͰΪԭһ£ȻȻĪˣַ˼飬˵ѩĪԼֵĺܣ˵Ŭһ˲䱬˰ɣ첻ˣ˫ؽˣ
ţ˵츳ȻҪǺŬͬҲҪģ
ѩͷ
ˣʦ㣬㲻ڴϵԺôôǰˣ
ͽ飬ҲУǻලˣ
ල
СЦЦҪʦලǾͺˣɲǼʦ̫ǡ
СĸǽжʱͲˣ
ѩ˵
أʦ㣬Сأ뿪ɽûҪ֪⼸ŮӿһֱСӳݵĽأҪǼⱲӶźģ
֪뿪ʱ棬֪Ϻͽʲôţ
ʲôأСӲǹʼͶģɽȥ
ԣѵⱲӶһô
˵
գҸ㣬ҪǺǸ˽㣬ֹɣⱲ㶼ûˣǾ͵ȵ±Ӱɣ
С˵
˧Ǻãߵﶼ˸̸̸ң
һӰҰУˣ߾Ȼվ
ۣ˭˵ûţ⣬ⲻǳ𣿡
İû뵽ô˧úÿŶ

ã
˵ȻǵĿ붼͵͵㣬ϾϾЩϷ绪ɽĵһˡ
㣬ѵҪô
˵Щ䡣
˵ܱȽϹٷһ㣬׽ܣҿûб壬Ŷǽôŷ
ո֣ҪɱСӵתһ룬˭ǴϷԸأСôҲа
˶ɻ󣬲֪嵽Ҫʲô
ȵ˵Ļ֮ʱ˶ȻþˣԺīɵĵˣѩСͬҲīΨһеӣ
ⲻİɣںǿЦɣ
С˵еģǷ绪ɽϿûκ˵ģ
ţ绪ɽϵȷûˣǴһ쿪ʼͱˣ
˵
һ޷ܣ
С˵Ƽ̽
Ҿͦõģģǽһʦܺദģ
˵
Ҳǰ֧߱ȷ߿ȥҪһЩĻ绪ɽϻѻ졣
ӵ˵ʼɽϵʱҲһȻҪһֱɽڶŮһͦĵһ飬ȱŮ˰ڵΨһĿģֻҵϧȻԼʵѸȥеŮǻص磬Ҹ
ʼ͵ͨ춦ޱ٣ǲÿ̫࣬͵ʱס°ˡ
ϣ㲻Ҫڷ绪ɽǣĻǴ϶סģ
˵ӰƮɢȥĮ㶼ֽСѹµĳ嶯ʱȻǲ߱ǵʵġ
ѩ˵ʱ䣬ȴɣ
ţ
ͷϥ֮˲ɢɫϢ붨ˣûʹͨ춦ϻȥٺúо
ŮӶ۷׷ףѩǸҪΪӰ쵽Լ
С˵ʦ㣬ϺͽǲǷˣȻСڷ绪ɽ
ΣϺͽ飬ѵɵȨô
ѩ˵
ûУ
Ǿͽʵ
ѩ˵
һ磬㶼ڵû֪ʲôкĵģŮ꽣֮ΧԣҪ֪ʲô
ǼȻˣȥɣСӣòǹܵģ
С˵
ʦ㣬ֻǺʦʲôˣҲɣҪ֪ǿѾأ
Сǻȥ㲻Ҫ£
ʦ㣬㿴һ쵽˼ϣԺôһ;ݲаģ򣬷ǰŬͶǰˣ
Сŵ
ʱѩҲЩ΢죬εļãбǸ˵飬㲻Ҫ£
ʦˣ
۾˫ƺ˸ѩִ˿̵ƺû붨֮ǰЩͬ岻ͬҲ˵ƺƺǸÿһЩаôˣӦúСһŶԣֻǸ˰ˣƾʲôҪ


1741 й
ò˵˿̵ȷõģҲããĸ˲ķ绪ɽ֮ϣȻҪǣո붨ʱͻȻԼġ֮һСΣԭʱһֱΪ֮Ѿɽ׶Σǽ֮ⷢԼĵľһΣҲǺԭȻѾ֮һԵ
һȻ󣬵ҲһСȴܵˡ֮δĵ·жô
֪ΧվŲŮˣҲվϵĻҳϴһ˿˲Цݣǻûأ
ûʦܣոʲôôô񣿡
һЩҴڹķˣֵһᣡ
ҡҡͷ
ѩ˵Ҳã߰ɣסĵطɲɽ壡
һָһʵɽ壬˶ǳǱ߷ȥ
ִ嶥ڶӣС˵ʦ㣬ķ䲻ǶѾôסɣ
ûУûУҿԽҵøʦܰ
˵
㲻˵ô
ʦ㣬ΪֶôοΨһʦܣ
ҲԸó䣬ͱ˼Ҳûϵ
ӶǱżˣ
С
ѩ˵㣬סҷȥɣ
С޻˵ʦ㣬㡭
Щ׼һָ徲ޣ׼طˣ
ѩ˵
ţҵǸȽֵˣĽøңҲ˼˯ģɣҿӵУ߻в񷿣Ҿסˣ
˵
񷿣
ȷ
ǰǷסģĻͷһͶõģǣһ죬ȴˣҲ֮Ϊݣ
Ƕ¹
Ц
ЩŮ˵ʵܲĹ꣬¶ҪأǾȻ¹Ůӣûȥ棬ʲô̫
Ȼ˵ס񷿣Ǿȥɣʱɱھǣ
С˵
ѩҲûǿ㡣
񷿾һ¥¥һ䣬򿪷ţһɸӳ׼еĸϢȫɾûʲô裬һľһӣһ֮䣬ȻЩûɢȥ֮
ҡҡͷѹ͸оⷿЩԾ⣡
ɵӣѩ㴲ů˯ѬĲסʵΪʶо䷿ݵֵԲ̽ġ
ȻЩɰŮ˿һΰıӰҲǲɱġ
ʩչϵǹ֮ǣû뵽ǣϵ֮Ϊͺʩչһ
Ҫʲôһ˿֮ȴǿ֮ǻ˵ã
һȣӵһŮˣԹ죬֪ǲǸйأ
ͷǾͨ춦óϾûԹ
ͨ춦УֻаƴС֮Űƣʲô˼ϥͨ춦ڵ֮ϡ
ֻҪҵԪͨ춦ڣұܹʽͷ˵ͨ춦ܹĴ̼ҵ츳ǱԸĲ𲻴󣡡
ԪΪһǽͨ춦С
кڰޱȣûһ˿ߣֻʶһУû뵽ǣʶҲ޷ܵκζ
εεΣ
ˮεԶǰͻȻһһâǰ֡
һһˮ߹ҿУˮڿʣżȻˮεڵ֮ϣˣ̧ͷȥֻһΡĸɽҲ֮Уʹտȥޱ׳
ǣµߵǬŤת
һ̫·ڽŵ£УǸɽˮҰ޵ܶȻǸͨ춦еһж෴ġ
ر任
һ̫ϵޱȣĽŵӿЩҿΪĻҲܣȻȻͷ֮ϣһΡĸɽȴҪһ㣬¡һҪѹȥ
лң̩ɽѹ
㰵һ˸ڵͷʩչȭһȭ嶼͸ɽ䡯һɽ׷ɳȻȴûһ˿ɣΪͷϣһһĺȫӿ
Щɽ壬Ǳ۶޷״ݻ٣ĻЩɽ
ҡҡͷһϮͷϣӡӿ
ʲôĺõطĺõط
ԽҪȻԽܴ̼Ǳͷȷûƭ㣬ǣطвؾҪģңɲΪԼĲ֮ã
䣡
ȭǡӡƣ˳ϣʲôܷɣ
һɽһɽȻͷ֮ϣǾͺǸһ㣬䡯һٴγѹȥ
Ȼѹһ㣬գ޾ĴݻٲɽԼӡϣһ̫棬ҴһֱϮ
Ҫ

ѩķ䵱УС˵ʦ㣬ôͻȻ֮Ҫȥһָ徲ˣѵĲƽô
ޣһ㶼ǽȥ˼ĵطеȥ޵ġ
ĲƽҪޡ
ѩҡҡͷûе£ֻȥˣôûʦ㣬ͻˣ
ȻǣֻǾʦȥͻȻܾΪ
Ϊʲô
ʦ㣬˵ɱңȻҾò̫ܣ
ţ
ҾΪӰľ
˵
ѩҡͷ
ŶǾҶˣô˭Сӻأʦһľ츳ǿߣ϶˵ԺǱδ֮£ôܶС˼أ
С˵
ѩȴǼٵ˵ʲôʦܣԺҲһֱˣ
⡭ǼһҪһֱôĻһҪģ
ˣ˵ˣҪȥ㣬ɵһЩķͽ
ѩ˵
СƲʦ㣬Ƕһ٣Լŵķô˵ҲûҪ
飬ڹڷ绪ɽ棬ǾǵͬţīɵнķȨĿѧѧ飡
ѩ˵ˡ
ҲǸȥ
ѩò񷿵ķţʵ㣬ҲΪ㵹úܲûѡȥκһŮӵķУȥˡݡ֮ƵĲ񷿣ʿΪ塣
ûˣ
ѩɻ
˵СӸòķɣ붨ʱ򣬿רĵĺܣ
ţҾͽȥˣķ£뿪
ѩ˵
Ŷ룬˶ڵϣǰһֵС˵ʦ㣬Ҿ˵Сӡ˵붨ģм˧
ķľϣܿ߰ɣ
ѩ˵꣬ȴû뵽еķȴǡǡһˣӹһɼǿ֮ǸӿͺҪס˵Ļһ㡣


1742 붦
ʦ㣬ô£ҵô񶯲ˣ
˵
ѩҲü񷿺Ǳģ֮û뵽ֳˣ
ҲǲܶȫǱһ㣬һ˿޷

ѩ屻һֱӰס˵֮ǴǸ洫ģ㲻ҪҶ
ʦ㣬⵽ʲôѵɱķô
𼱣취
ѩ˵ĿɨǰСɢâаѵǽС
Ȼ벻ˣһԪ
Ļôס㣬ǶԸ
˵ңǰСǽԪУ
ʲôС
ԽԽˡ
ţΪԲûˣ
ѩ²
ãߣ
Ԫǵɳֱӳͨ춦зȥ

ͨ춦С
Ѿ֪˶ãӵһɻܵĸɽˮ
һɽٵıȻһһĺϣЩңҲӿ
ǵǴɽô
ͷԽԽߵɽԸпЩɽˮԼңȷܹ̼ǱǣûȥԼʱ䵱˶٣ΪֻҪһģܿһ̣Ҫ⼸ķǡ
ٴδһɽʶУȴǸо˵Ϣ
Ϊͨ춦еϸһȴѩǸŴοˬСǵԪΪʲôҲ
ʦ㣬ʲôط̫ô棿Уϸ߹Һʹɽ찡
С϶ܣӦĵطˣлң
ЩɽڳƶǲҪ̩ɽѹɣ
ȥ
ѩ˵
Ӱճȥ˺ͷѹɽƣ
ǸմʱЩǿӿ
ûûˣ
˵
壡

ɽԽԽǿķѵ˵ҲԽԽࡣ
һ߼ʵɽٴγѹѩҡͷǹȥˣ
ҲǴ㾿ʲô̬Ȼôһ̬СѵԿסЩԽԽߴɽѹô
ʵ˰ɣ
ȻСȻԼİ취ĻѰ·𣿡
ѩ˵
ƴŰ취Ҫǰߴޱȵɽ
¡¡
̩ɽѹһ㣬˵ʦ㣬ɽ̫ҵ΢
ʩչ˫ȴȻ޷ǰɽа˺
ۿɽҪһӰȴ˲˸˿Ӱһȱ飬˵㣬Ȼû
زҪǺˣæ
ȵ˫ͷɽȭ䣬޴ȭƺסɽȫʹɽûµȥ
һȭҲǳ𾪡
Ҫ֪ѩīһٮٮߣرѩʵͻ༶һױִܵǿ߾硣
Ҳܿסͷ޴ޱȵɽ㣬ֲ
ѩû̫࣬ΪԶһɽϮüͷ΢΢˵ǿ뿪ɲǴĵط
ӰŲͷ޴ɽȥҲǸߡ
Ƕܿ׷ɽͷɽײһ
ײһ㣬¡¡
޴ȫƺԤϣлѩ֧סӰҲǳѩԣѩұۣҲǽѩһסܵĵĽ籣ûܵκ˺
ͨ춦ˡ
Щ̫ĻҲʧΧһƬްѹ
ѩֱţҲǳһĨΣʵ⾿ʲôطôգ
ӦΪʲôɣ
˵ûзſѩ֡
˵ǲ񷿵йǸ渽֮㽫ɱ
ȥ˲񷿣
ʦģͱɵķ㣬˭֪ȴǳǰֲ飡
ԣ鼱֮£ҲǲѲŽĶУ

ԭˣ񷿵еǸȷʵЩ죬ͨ춦ǽģ൱Σգ
㣬ѾܰȫˣͲܰץʦɿ
˵
ѩһĨߺ졣
ͷûоаΣͨ춦еȷã֣ԣţǲҪ
һԽԽ޴ɽѩһ£ѩҲ˵㣬лͦóҲڱɽ׷ȴǵһʱ뵽ǣݶ飬Ϊ
ʲôΪأҵʦܣģҲ񷿣񷿣ҲǸȻҲͨ춦ˣ
˵
û˵ʲôĵҪǽͨ춦ŮֻѩֽһǸöðƨŴԱۣ鷳
ѩ˵㣬ͨ춦γȥôоеһжֹˣ
Ҳ˼Ȼʱͨ춦еʶȴǿһͨ
ɽײʹͨ춦һͨ
˵
ҲǿԳȥˣ
˵
߰ɣ
ͷ
Ӱǵͨȥ
ת˲뿪ͨ춦Ԫλվͨ춦պãȷ㲻ʵҲЩҪ
ѩҲָΪԼᱻסʱһȴȻԭλãͺһ
֣Ǹ
֪˵ʲôá
ѩ嶼ܹɿƣȻǹ֮ѾʧΡ
˵Ȼôұ㽫ϣκˣ

ľ֮ϣһͼϸһŷīɵĽķҲԴЦĿһѩˣЩķʱῴ
ţˣ
ѩ˵
뿪񷿣ѩһصģҲ²⣬δʦ飬ѵѵҲϲǸһô
ôᣬʦ־ΪǰĴŮˣôܻᡮܡһϣ
ʵʦ㣬Щʲôأ
ûʲôҪһָ϶ðɣ
㻹Ҫȥһָ岻𣿡
˵
Ȼ˵Ҫȥ޵ģңʵɲ⣬ʦܣҲ뱻ˣ
㣿ʦ㣬ѵֻΪҪȥһָô
˵
ѩɫЩ㱣˵֪ں˼ʲôȥһָˣ


1743 
һڣ㶼ڲ񷿵֮żȻʱҲᷭľϵīɵĽķīɵĽķܲѹֿڹ㣬Ϊ֮һ
Դͨ춦Ҳܹоʵңֻǽͨ춦һϲʱ䣬֪һʱ䣬ʵ١
ǣ֪ͨ춦գңҲԼֻͨ춦ĵһؿˣԺǽУƱػӼѣֻȽʵߣٽ붦С
һ˵ɣ
˽˿ܣϴ񷿲龰£˵Ҹ㣬ǸոսڵˣҪڽ˴
˴
ţ˴ǰŲٽģ
ɣҲμӵģ
˵ˣ͵ȨɣҶǵĽûаȤ
ֻôˣ㣬ǽģУϵʱҲڣȨʱִ㣡
ţҵϣңһЩҪټ
ߣ
ŭڵ뿪񷿡
ͲҪ㣬ϾϴεľܾżգҲ㣬ΪʦѩпΪ˲ȥһָ徲޵ġ
˴׳գΪϷ𣿡
ҡҡͷ

붨۾ǿһӰ
ˡ
ѩҲǼֱǸͯ¡
Ҳ˵ʼֻ㣬ȴûиңмʵڿһǰˣ
˴ô
ţμӣȻܾˣҲΨһһûԭܾμ˴ˣ
ôңʵǲ̫Ҫμ˴
ҡҡͷ
˵һСޱȣر任ǾҪ棡
ţͨ춦
ͷ
ʼģ
˵ͨ춦ûʲôôˣ
ͨ춦һ˵еܹ̼Ǳܣһֲֿɱ̫ңɽ޾Ǹݽ˵ʵǼģӵǿʵͨ춦Уģǿ㴦ıԵ
˵
ͷ֪ڿңط׽ȥɣ
ҡҡͷ
ʼǿ㣬ͨ춦㣬ʵеĻҪǿϲ٣
ɭλҿɲ˵Լǿ
˵
ǧ磬λ棬ɭλҲһǿǸλ棬ңɭλ漴һΪֲĽѣΪ˵ֵⳡѣʼһֱڱ
ţްɣ
ЩֲޣĶ׵ֲ˹ⳡѣܲܶɹĺԤϣ
˵϶һ˿ǡ
㵹û˵ǲͷ˵ǾϢ
Ϊܾμ˴飬ڵ绪ɽϴΣ
аɣǷ绪ɽŮʵЩ̫࣬ۻң
㵹ǻ˵ҲǸӣӦ˵ʼ濴صˣԣ
ʼ棿ͷҲǻӣ
ʵ
ߣҲգ
ҡͷ˵һ飬Щһֱʢҷ绪ɽ飬˲ɵаɢϢ˵айô
ô
аڹ˸֣½ɺīɵĵǰһۣδӦ֮£ң컪ɽϵǰ
ͷҲȥĻīɿ϶аǺֹڣðɣҲеģȥ֪ɢҥԣǸʲô³
аʵԼģ
õĵӦ
˵
ȥһָѩӣ
ţ

һָ塣
Ƿ绪ɽʮ嵱УΨһһ޵ɽ塣
ɽ֮ϣֻѩһˡ
ھޣ˵ǶԿħ
趯ɽ֮ϴһװӰɣĺһڿƮɢ޾ס
ڳ˿ȥһ׽ѩȴҡҡͷһʮУʮа죬żǿǰһֱƵĲΡħվ޷սʤ
㰡㣬ѵĿôһֱΪԼԶϲˣΪҪΪǰĴ棬ҪڹһҪīɳԽɳΪڵһɣ
ҪħɱҲԼħƣһģһԣ
ѩԽ룬ԺԽǳĻ棬ħƺ޷
ҲܹСīɳ󣬾ǼˣҲǷ½ɵ޳αˣаֿˣȻЩѩᡣ
Ȼ㲻̫ã塭ѩ¼ӡ
ԽԽԼĽ˲ѩƺЩżյĽڵϣѩѩʲôãħ޷ƣ㻹ҪΪĴ룡Ҫ֪СʱĸǱ˭ɱģĿ㸸ĸģҪһҪ
ѵǽİڵϣûбôûбôϴ棿
ѩûзӦվǰĳһĸĿŮһλİӡ
ѩϵĳתȥʵôˣ
żҹģ
ô
ţȥһˣȻҲҪȥ
ȥɣ
ѩЩϲǲ֪
û˵꣬²⵽ţĸѵɣ
ĳֱĸ׵İڹڹޱҸȻһɵȴǳǼУǵɱҵĸĸһЩӡֻΪҵİ
ΪʲôŹ㣿
ǴϾȵңʱ̫Сֻ꣬ĸ׽Ҳ׸׵УûѵȻ󣬴Ͼͳˣ
ѩ˵ţᶼ˳ѰǸĸҵΨһ
㽫׽ٴһ飡
˵
ѩ֪ΪʲôȻʱ෴սԭϴŰ
Ĵ˿Ǽƽģûа㲨ҲǼһ·Ҫɽ飬Ҫ֪Щɽ嶼żǿĽ磬ƽĽԺ
ô᣿ʮУҾȻ
ѩһȡ
ƮݵĽߣȥɡ𣡡
˵


1744 ʯ
ɽڹڵϷůˣϷҲǹȺеһطΧŲС򣬵ȻɽϵϷӹɵĵһɣҲǹڵһɡ
ɵУԭ绪ɽϵīϷҲӰǰʱգ֪Ϊʲô绪ɽˡۣʹòϷ˾÷绪ɽϵīΪ㣬һʱ֮䣬īϷ
еаϷɺīɽһۣҪδԿ޵飬ʵϣҲֻҪٴν֤ɵеĵλ
ɽ֮£īɵ˶ѾִīҲûɳ̫ˣѩΪףһʮӡ
ɵ˿ǣһ͵ЦԭžȻģīиеӣ治֪Ƿ绪ɽϵŮжôʣ
ҵЩĽǸ˵ģڷ绪ɽϿ϶ǻʵһʮԺ˭˯˭˯
׳գ˵˭ԣǧ˵ˣǹڵĴ棡

ʶˣȻܹЩһۣһЩ٣ͲǻʵһɽϵŮǶܿܳԵĺݽɫ
˵ɽأȻû˴ȥаô
ѩҲǿԶվŵļɵĵƺһۣߵͷԼȥɣ
ԼȥЩأأǰиɾɽģ
ǲ׼ȥѵҪô˵öԣҪԼȥ
ѩ˵
찡ʲôԼɽ
аȻ˵ǲҪɽǣֻҪǣǻǲԹ۵ģѵ󶼲ǣ
ǲңҪɽֻ·һ
ʱˣɲ棬ߺߣҲа˵Ըɽаˣ

ԭɽһֱֻͨܵܵɵ֪ѩȻ֪ܵʮȫڿС
ɽƶˣе񹬵ǽƶ֮ϣɽײɽ֮ϣҪӡ
ǸҪɽĽɣӣȫģ
˵ΪɽϵĻжôⶼҪִɽˣһ㶯ûУ̫ˣ
ûеִɽǶܹ⣬еĵ̺أɼģ
ѩ˵
ҲǵͷԽƽԽ죬ЩɽУѾһЩֵٽӽˣֻûвˣ
ˣ
⡣
ţ
ͷ
ʱһȻɽ֮кХһſžʯЩ
ĶЩʯֲѩˣˣסЩʯ
㰵вһ磬ǽЩʯĵ˽֮⡣
һֲıը쳹ɽ

ɽ
񹬵
аУȻɵĽǽصĵӣҲһľߡ
ûڹ֮Уȥһжаɷӡ
ɵ޳֮Уǿףȥɣɽúȵ֮Դɺȡ
ֻϧ費θڣʵа֪īɵ˵׻жòŻִ﹬
īô
а¶ζЦݡ
ȻʱһΪ쳹ıըС
ô£
ʵ
ɵĵý빬аˣīɵЩˣƺҪǴɽȻ󡭡
ȻԼɽˣ
۾
ǵģ
ɽΪǲֹ
а˵ǲǣǾ͡
ʲôֻǲҪˣʲôʱ˵ǲǣǾͲҪɽ
аŭǿ֪ɽжôǿľʯ֮ЩʯϿЩ֮أЩˣڹڻаôʱ˭ɽ
Щ
аˣǴˡ
ȥɣɲҪ֮ˣ
а֣ǰµļȫϺѪȾ칬
ʦȥѰЩһ䣬ѩʵһᱻʯɱ
һ˵
Ҫǰȥ
а˵
ȻͬСɣīɵȫɽϣīɵĽô룿˻ô룿Ҫ֪Ϊǳ뻯ģ˶һˡ
̷ɳ޳ԭأ¶һ˿ζЦݣеһˮһ
аճȴǿʮӰ÷ߣȻҲУ˴Ϣģǣһֽհһ㣬аΡ
ǰЩ˻վǰ־ϲ
Ⱥ˵ʵҪ֪ɽоʯ磬ֻҪ˵ҵɽᴥʯ磬ɽеľʯ֮ԼԽ˳˺飬һе˶ĺܡ
ȻаҲûԹɽȻʯ磬ˣȴǿֵסκˡ
ǣȵǣǰʮ˾Ȼûа飬Ǹīµĵ㶼Աһ٣Ȼ֡
ЩʯǻҽģҶұ֤Դ˷ɽǵУѩܹסЩʯ˸ܵסǾȻˣ漣
аа
Щ˻ţǴаһǣǾīɵıԼɵ
û뵽ǾȻûκˣҽˣ׼ǰȥӪǣ
а¶ǽ֦Ҷīɵ˿ɲǴ
˵
СĻǼλĵӣѾȫɱˣעءԶܵλ
а˵
ѩ˵߰ɣȥ˵
а·Ǵ빬֮Уϵһ̲ѪҲüû뵽ɱЩһĺ
޳ɸպһ裬ûüϸƷζȴǿһڲˮ˵ɽľʯǿôôһûɱɵԽԽᴵţˡ
һۼһ۾Ϳ㣬Ŀһֱ׺ݵĿ㣬սⰻȻ
ѩ£īɵӶվţվѩԣһڣʣֲǸڣѩˡ
а˵½ɺīɵǵˣޱȸлλɵľۻаĿľҪλδɭλ飡
а˵⻰ʱĿûзѩϣǰĿϣΪ˿̵һĵı飬Ƿŭ


1745 а
Ҳע⵽аͶķŭĿ⣬ҲûᣬʶţҪ̽ɵежǿߣΪܹоһս
ʵϣаɻѩصȻ֮ϣǣ˭Ҳ޷Ԥ㴦ɭλʱ䣬Ϊ۵ٺãʵҲûаôġ
ܿ죬а˵ѩǷ绪ɽ飬˵ô
īɴӲ˵Ķҥ
˵
ֻҥôѵСֵܲǷ绪ɽϵˣ
ȷīµӣǴϺͽ׿ڳϵģ֪акμ⣡
ѩ˵
ҿɲκμأֻǲ˵Сֵܵ˲˶ķ绪ɽҾһε˴Ҿܾμӣ룬Сֵһй˵ʵĻ˴μӵģ
Ҫ֪īɵ˴ǰŲԼ鵤ҩأ
ֻССû뵽ܵõɵа˵ǣаǺģȻмаȡ⣬а뷨Ļٺ٣Ȱа˰ɣˣͽܳþͺܲ
㵭˵
ʲô
аһʱûӦƬ̲֪˵ͬθЩһ۵һҪǸôBͬҪжˣ
һȻò۽һźŨĺ룬Ųٵĺë൱ġ
һа㿴ţһʱҲС¹ײһֱǳаķԸҲֻ֪ܸҪ֪аѾԤһɵĽ֮λΪаصĵӣһδȻ
ǰǣҪаͬѵԼҪ׾ջɣ
һŹģЩ
ѩȴǰЦһ˵ĻȻֱɣȴǵаѨһ㡣
аüͷһ壺㣬Һģȴǻд浱аǺǵôҪ֪ǧǽ֮£ɵǹһΣұɱ㣬ûкһƽϣ졪Ҫô
аˣ㲻ǷԼĿˣð˼
ѩ˵
ߣѩ㲻ҪΪСӽƱˣǷ绪ɽ˾ˣûò֮ˣˣаǽɽѵ
аȵ
ٿɾۻᣬһҪɵӰȷ֮׵飬ȻҪѵѵ㡣
Ҫ֪žԿĽڣа覴ñر֮ˣһֱڷ绪ɽϣҪѵ㡣
޳ɴ˿˵аݽѵСƺЩ̫ǡɣСдҿ⣬ҪֵĻҪǱ֪Ļ¡
û˵ĸ˵ʱаɫһ䣬룺ͽˣȻɽϽѵСӣǾԹ֣ǹֵĻŭˣ֪˱Ҫ֪˵Ů˷޻Ҫֲ
Сдô
а̸˵һһ
ߺܻĻ⣬ȻΪո˵аͬĻаǳһﻹЩ񣬵Ǵʱа˼Ȼ
㣬ϴαдһ֪ǸϲŮСˣīΨһеӣҵǸ̵ˣ
һ˵
ȴ˵һΪǽʽĵһͿôţ˵ʲôīɵˣҪд裬ҲҪͬͬ⣡
Ȼ㣬ȴǿҵļУʱȻҪΪͦ
ٺ٣㣬СԭǸŮĳ棬ˣʲô绪ɽˣʵСҲǸŮ˰ˣ˰
һЦ
ƣѩȥˣаôдĻͬд裬Σ
ô
аҡͷȻ˫ûҵĻ㲻ҵĶ֣ҪԵĻҵǿԳȫ㣡
ɣ
˵

ѩɻ
㲻Ǻ֤Լôҽȫ㣡
ԵһǴŲмЦݡ
½ɵﲻ֪ɾҪ𻨣޳ɸǰɺīһսĻٺ٣ҷ½ɾҪһͳˣ
Ҳ˵аµĵһⳡսɱ⣬⹬֮ȴǲʩչɴƼɣ
һǽʽ֮ĵһ츳һʵִ̼ΣǱаа齣ޱȣƥеţϴȻһȭ㱻㵲סصɽ̿а齣ĿľΪ˱һȭ֮衣
һûᡣ
ʦ˵Ĳûʩչ㣬ľͺҳȥ
һȵ
Ҿù͹˰ɣԸ㣬Ҫ̫λã
˵ġ
˵ʲôСӣȻҴԲѣǲҳȥηңҿͷˡ㣡
һ˵꣬ҡҡͷѡĵص㣬ʱʲô¹ʣɲҪң
ӰһֱʧڹС
󣬵һҲԭһʦһ裬ȥȥСķڷ
һӰʧڹС

аЦѩΪп㵣֮ɫѵΪСʦܻҵͽܵһĶ֣
ҶģȻд裬ֺαصģҲ֪ΪаôģΪƷһĹ򣬵һܻô
ǵʱ㣬ѩȻҲ㣬ͨ춦У˳ȻΪһΣȻҪԸһӦǲģ
ȴ˵ʦ㣬ǵһŵа齣аа齣ˣа齣ǼΪֲʩչҲֻаѹסˣȻЩأǡܵõʧǰ㣡
аǸ飬Ȼܲ³㲻Ǻģ⼫аģΪЩŮ˶СӺĵģӦȫװġ
豭һڡ
ʱȴǴһ졣
Ǿʯͬײը˷ɽ˵ʱҲ
Ҳǽڶαʯ磡
е˶淢ʲôаȻƷ裬û궯
Ҫ֪а֪īɵ˾ʯŻǰ㾪ȣƽʱȻҲЩ֪ôͼսһУȴǵȻǷǣԣаûоʲôþȵġ
ȻһӰڹ֮ʱаĲˮȵ˳ô㣿


1746 
֮վŵ㣬˲˵ԤϣаȵһأϣҲţ
ôѵûô
㵭˵
ѵ˵һ㡭
ҿûôֻͽƺЩ벻ɽȥˣЩʯҵϡãȥɽϣܻܼļͷ
һˣ
аţɵĵýһ˵аˣһʦʹа齣һСӣɳȥʯ磬ˣ
ŵһС
㾹Ȼô󵨣ɱаصͽܣǳ鷳ģ
ѩа
޳ҲһЦȻкϷˣ
ž
аһƽ輸飬Ӱ£վǰСӣаصͽܾȻɱˣǲɱаҪٵ
аҪ͵һдģȭۣǴУҲκ˻˵ĲǣǴ˿ΪһͷΪ˳Ц
ѩ˵
аѩսȭͷȥѵаСû취ô
㻹ǽյһɵĽα绪ɽϵŮŪڹ֮УɵĽڱǾԿǱ֪ңͽ˶ұ»ʧ͸
һĮ
˳Źⲿȥһͺ˳֣ɫ磬ȥɭ
ע⵽ѩͺ˻Ҳ΢΢˫бһѹѾõ׹⡣
޼ʦ壡
а
޼ɭɨһ۹еˣĿͣѩϵʱЩζջǿаԼͽܶûãʲôʸʦ壿޼ûҵʦֶ
޼ʦѵǣҽǵ̫ˣɵĽڱǾԿ㺦һΪ𣬱Ȼ޴Ǳ˳ЦΣа磬˭ǲˬնɱǣοҵҪСϢᱻĸ۵ķųȥ
аȵ
ϷҪϳˣ
޳а޼ǰǿߣаձؽնɱ㣬ʱѩ˱ؽģɵĶԹʹ˱
ѩǰĿһֱͺͷ޼Զ˵аԿ˵ݣǾ˶Դ˵ô
ˣߺߣҪѵаҪǷ곡Ϸô
аŭ
ʦ㣬㣬ǿߣ
óаѾɱġ
ˣЩĶԹڴһ˽ɣ
ѩ˵޼
ȣʦ㣬ôˣ
޼ʮǰǸҹɵļɱ¾ŷһҲ˰ɣ
ѩȵ
Ĵˣŷѩ֪㵱û㱻Ҳնɱû뵽ô꣬һɽѾ¶þұˣ
޼˵
ʦ㣬ȻŷҵĴˣѹΪǴϴڸģû뵽
˵
Ҹŷƾڣ޼ʹֶΣҸĸҴСԣһҪɽѪгˣ
ѩ˵ǰɽҶ㣬ڣҪҵİ游ĸ𣡡
ﬣ
ѩжһ
аû뵽޼ѩȻȶԹ޼Ҳ촽ЦһȻģ޼ŷȫ
޼ĵлһֲ˹һСģ
һסѩֱֱۣӽ񹬵
㣬ʲô㲻˵ɽô
޼ʵ֮ϣ²öԸİȻһЩҪ
˷С
׷ˣ£Ӳˣ
а취
˵
ѩɻǿóһ
⣿
ǿҵ֮ȻҲΪʲô˺ңʱס޼ǲģ
˵
ܿ죬޼˶׷˳
аУӡ
а˵㣬ΪѳȥôЦҪɱˣûпѵģ
Ҳǻʮô
ѩ˵
׳գǷϻôʲô
޼ȵ
аЩΣ˫צȥлһ׭ֱӽаɡ
һƣҲøոճ޳ɿû뵽Ȼла
СӶɱΪͽ𣿡
޼ŭȻѩѩðֵȻʱȴǻһƣ޼ȵΪǽǸô
ƣ
޼ƿһȭ㣬üͷ΢壬е׳
˲ɢڹ⣬Щڹֱ֮ס޼аȵʦ壬ʲô
Сס޼ģ
˿Ҳѩ֣˷ȥ˵޼ʵ̫ǿʱûа취⣬Ҳֻʱˣȵɽжܣҵķ׭Ƿֲǵģ
ѩͷ˷ɽʱٴ˾ʯ磬¡¡ľʯ˻
ȻʯȴǶɲκ˺
˽ɽϵһɽɽѣŲٺɫӹЩɫܵѩϵϢ֮ȴǲ߳֡
Ӧô
ѩ˵ʵʵҾӦûط绪ɽ
ȥ˰æɵ׵ĶԹҪ֪Ǹ½ɵ޳ڿҽɱأ
ǸΣһֱɽ֮ô
ѩʵ
ɽвôҪ֪и˧أ
ЦЦ
㣬˵Ҫط绪ɽϣָǴڣҲʲôԣǣҵʵܱ𣡡
ѩҡͷԭΪԼİѾ㹻ˣȴû뵽޼Ѿǿֵزܹƥеġ
Ҫɱ޼ô
㵭˵Ұɣ
ң㲻˵㲻ô
֮ǰ
óͨ춦Ҵͨ춦֮ʱҪ϶Ĺ
ͨ춦⣬ϴνͨ춦ȣҺˣⶦȻżգȴҲΪ㣬ܲٴνУҪɱ޼
ҡҡͷȻ֪ͨ춦żգҪȥѵô
£ʮÿһʹ֮УҪɱ޼һҶ£
ѩĿ⾼


1747 
Уͨ춦Ҳδܹǿ޼ʵ֮Ĳʵ̫󣡡
ҡҡͷʵҲǵѩڶг£Ҫ֪һͨ춦ҪƳеѣͺδһ㣬ԭʵаѩ󣬵Ǵͨ춦֮󣬼ɱаʵõ
ʵϣ޼֮ĲҲ̫ƴȫĻܹʼķ޼ġ
ֻ㲻ҪƴˣϾʱɽ֮ϣѾܵɵļ߶ڴˣǰݵĻͳ˳
ƴ޼Ȼû̫ʱǼϼһΧĻǵòʧ
Ϊɽ֮ЩɵҪҵǼѡ
ҷҪȥɣĻھͷɽ޼ƴ
ѩ˵
ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ѩȥƱҪ㣬ͨ춦еΣ
˵Ԫ񶼷ͨ춦С
ͬʱɽ֮ϵ޼Ҳǽϵ֮׽üͷ壺СӣΪһͿԵס޼ôߣһЩ֮ˣ
а˵ʦ壬ɳȥ˶ȥˣҲǣ
Ҳ
޼üͷ壺ҵʶҲ޷̽⵽ǣҸоǲԶģӦþɽ֮ϣ
ΪʲôǸʦĶ֣ôأҾӦ÷ط绪ɽǼŮ˰֣
ģѩұһ̣˺ܾãŷ˶ôЭԼϲܱ˰ģ뱨ҳ𣬻ǻֵģ
޼˵
ʦ壬īɵЩŮô죿
а˵ľǣǼѩʱû£ҲǷа޼û˵ҲĮҪȻȫɱˣ
׳գ
޼ҡͷɱǣīɵ˲ɱɽô浱ǺǵģѩǸ˳ޣ㣬ݱҵû̫ףҸ˵ӣܹ鲻˵ʲôɣ
ʦ˼ǽǷˣ
̣
аͷ
޳վһԣ˸Ŀ⣬޼Ҳǿһɣǰһμƺǰɣ
޼ǰ
ʱҾ͸㣬СԺڷ½ɴпΪ
޼ͷû뵽ȥˣѾǷ½һٮٮˣ½½ɵĽ֮λˣ
޼ǰ˵ʲô
ûʲôֻ㣬ɵУûн½ɷеЩ䣬С˼ǿıҪ壬ڣܹɿֻīɣīɵУҲֻˣǷ
޼˵ҪǷ½ɣָӼĹ֪
޼˵ʱϱǿѹЩٵͷ޼ǰɲκ뷨οǷ½ڹһֱ֧ɵģ
Ǿͺãȥʱʺãţ
޼˵

ͨ춦С
ѩԶУȻһƬڰûа⡣
ܹʶܵΧһУҲ޷֪ⶦһֵĿ龿ʲôʱʼ
㣬㵱ʱͨ춦ǻ˶ɽģ
ټʮ
ʮÿһɽҪǰһɽǿ٣찡
ѩȡ
ҪηĻڻü
˵
ûη壬Ǽʮɽˣʲô
˵ꡣ
ռǷ˱仯һ㣬˲תϣȻѪ̫ȻеǣϾȻѪ̫
̫̫ҵĻȻҡ
㣬㿴棡
ѩٵ
Ҳ̧ͷյУƮ죬һɽ棬ʱп׹һ㣬вһĸܡ
ɽ̫ңһһĺ߹֮ϣǻһֻֻ׳ˮ˻
һΣͨ춦еƺҪǿһ
˵
ǿһ
ѩҲһ˿ǡ
ô
ȵֻҪȥļҳͿԱˣʮ飬ҲԳ׷ˣѩ֪ô
Ҳʧģ
ߣ
ͷ˳ճȥΪ˿̣ѪѾһǿҵ̫ңЩɽȻֲĻЩ̫ңֻҪЩ̫ҽϣȲ֮ҲҪʴ
ԣܿЩ̫ңӦġ
䣡
ǰһɽѩһ͸ǰ
ҲǵͷȥħƺѾˣ
ô֪
ѵȥһָ岻ΪħôħǸĻûҪˣΪĳ˻õģ
˵
ѩûнͣϾôܸ㣬ħΪĳأ㻹˵ûѩʱľħѾʧˣ뵽ѵΪô
ɶ࿴һۣʱѾһƻӿһˮˣͨ춦еĴؾԽԽǸӣ֮ǰɽˮû˸оѹܴ
̫Ȼһֱ׷󣬵˵ǷеٶȻǾˣֻҪܹһɽͻһˮô̫Զ׷ǵġ
Ȼ
ҪͻƵʮɽʱȴǳͣһ·񱼵ķٶȡ
һɽҪӴɽ壬ɽ˿󾿾ʲôɽȫס
ѩ˵ڵɽʱҵİѾˣĻˣ
ɫЩΣԼûܰʲôæ
ҡҡͷİȻãڳƵɽʱѾ˲٣֪֮ûãȻʩչʵϣڵĽҪնɱаѾڻˣ
֮ǰѩʵаЩ룬ڣѾɱаˣ
ͨ춦̶ʮɽѾܹ˼ǿǱˡ
ѩͷôɽ㣬㶼ûа취ô
У
˵ǣҲͽҵҳ
ѣ
˭
Ī
һɫĳͻȻУˣѩ֮ǰһֱɽģȴû뵽ȻҿűȻǷƷ
ʱգҲһʱûнѪóģһѪ񵶵еĹŻꡮСɫɫҪ˯֤㹻һ棬ȭǿҲȷ㹻Ӧһ״ˡ
Ȼʮɽȴ֪ԼʩչȭҲ޷飬ֻܽѪ񵶰γˡ
Сɫɫôʱ䣬ҲӦðﱾ۽һЩ鷳ˣĻ㻹Ҫ⣿
а


1748 
Ѫ񵶵ĳ֣ҲʹâɣŻꡮСɫɫҲ˵ɭλ棬ϴû뵽㾹Ȼô͵ִˣǳԣʺ츳ǿߣ
Ҫƨˣϣһǰ
ʲôط
ͨ춦
㰵
û⣬ϢôˣٲҪҵʿЩ꣡
սѪ񵶳Եѩ˵ߣ
䣡
ѪǾǿߵУȻܹӳߵİ
ʮɽһֱ˷Ծ
ѩһȣ⣬Ѫ񵶣¾޼޷йɣ
ǣѪնɱ
ȻҪð࣡
ѩ˵
滹в֪ɽˮԸܹ˳˳
˵

еʱţѾдŵĵˣ쵱УٻʮɽȻÿһɽԾԵġ
ǵʮɽѾоһɽˣֻҪǴ͸Ϳʱ뿪ͨ춦ˣ
˵
ˮɱңɽֻհɣ
ѩǰʵΪѸ٣ϾһִţǾΪҳ𣬽޼ɱΪ֧֣Ҳʹں־ûаη壬˵㣬ðɽǿȣ
˽һѩŰɽȥʮһ˲֮趯ˣһŷȥ
䣡
Ȼǰɽȴһʯûը·ɽΪӲĽں϶ɵһ㡣
ɽǿȺܴ󣡡
˵
ŻҲ˵ϴǵҵ²ܽɽ
ѩٵ㣬̫ҾͿҪˣҪ뵽취
ţۻͷŷ׭ҵĵѾ˲٣Ӧа취ɽ
˵
Ҳ֪Լûκ·̫ҵķٱƽǱ̫ҽϣ嶼Ҫʴʱв֮¶Ҫͨ춦нˡ
㣡
ѩѾɽ˹ȥɫâеѪҲɢϹ⣬·һ̣صɫȫΪɫѩа㣬һҪɽĻǡ
Ǽ̫ңȥʱ˿̣Ҳǳɽȥ
䣡
Ѫ񵶵ȫûбķ׭ȫںһ𣬻ɽĵײȻһӰɽײ͸
޴ʯҪһ㣬Щʯ˵Ľ֮⣬ûоκβ
ѩһۣѩоϲȥ
ͷ̫ѾʧҲʼָѪɫ̫ϿУɽȫϣѩڿУر仯ܣ˵ѩ㽫İһ飡
ţ
֪ΪʲôⶦУѩѾϰĻ
߾رаȫһ㡣
ѩİʩչڿһţ˽һ
ʩչϣѩʵôоʩչİЩͬˣ
ﲻͬˣ
ǺͰΪһһ㣬ԸܵеĽ飬̫ˣ
ѩ˵
ǰʩչʱҾѾˣʱΪԼħţʵİеĽ꼴ѣԣЩʩչŻоЩζͨ춦еİеĽ곹ѣԡ
ԭˣ
ѩͷǼ
ٴ谵˵ͨ춦Ҫ´ˣѩϾܳȥ

ɽ
񹬵
޼ŵϹŵļɵĵӣɫһ䣺һȺѰȴǻûһϢ
ʦ壬ѱɽҲǡ
Ҳǳ˴ɽϣȥѵǲ֪绪ɽϴϢѩ˸ûлȥô
޼ȵ
а˵޼ʦ壬ķɽȻ޷ҵǣ
һСӻʲô취һĻӲģ
޼˵
ҡҡͷֻϧʦǶڱչأĻʦֵǬǿԽһѳ
аҲǵͷʦأѾ˷ɽڣֻҪһϢұضǰȥأ
أƾôʵѩҪɱ㶼´࣡
޼Щɸֵ˼
޼ʦ壬ǰѾа齣ɾ磬Ī㣬ҲȻסҵһ
а˵
䣡
һʯѵ촫
޼üͷ壺˭˾ʯ磡
а˵϶ĸ۵Ķ޼ʦ岻ؼ⣬ǰ컹ⴳһˣ
㲻Ҫˣͽɶʮ츳ߵĵһҲھʯϵģ
޼ôһ˵аЩͳȥ̽
ߵſڣɾ°ӰŵøϽ˻ȥԭΪٴѩа齣ɾ磬Ȼܹ˻ˣû뵽ǣһʱ侹Ȼη壡
ˣر㣬һƻĳĿٿоϵʷ·ֱ仯ˣ
޼ʦ塭
û˵꣬޼ǿӰЦ˵˾Բ뿪ɽģѩҪɱңѾ˶ʮ꣬뿪ɽģ
ˣûߵĻһص绪ɽǲĻôɱ㣬ڱ֮ǰҶԶᣡ
ѩ˵
޼Щ𺳣Ϊѩո˵ǷΪѾܵѩ쵱УȻŵʵȻЩԺ⣬޼Щ޷ܣԴʱҲЩǰâ¶
аЩˣȤ˵а㲻˵а齣ѾôɣҺа齣
ң
аȻЩ֪롣
Щ˵аˣһǰĺûᣬҪץס
ǲѩʵ׵˺־磬˿Ȼа
޼ֳ棬ҲĵýȥһʵҲܹ֪ǵ˶٣
㲻ú£޼񹬵򣬻ĸ۵ĶܹôİˣҲа취ǰ
޼˵
⡭
аųӵҧһƴףǣ޼ʦ壬һὫǵԴа齣


1749 ձ
а֮ԻѡһƴףΪǸƴĺûᣬ޼ɵλߣһͨҪܹõ޼ĴУôаɵеĵλܹһ㡣
ң޼УҲٿڲ֮ء
аУѩȻǿԲ޼Ķ֡
γгָ㣺Сӣǧǽ֮£ȫǹգҪΪյ︶ۣ
ҪҸۣ֪ͽܵһ˵ͬһô
㲻мȻ³ʲô
ɱͽ˳𲻱аҪô
һǵһȻͽܣΪͽܱӦĻڹﻹ
ֻϧԺ󶼲Ҫڹˣú֮Ʈηɣ

аƮݣһֵҰ˹ȥа齣ʩչһӰصɵĵӣͿа齣Ϊаʤ
ȴЦվԭûжаһ㣬ΪԴ̸͸ȴû뵽Ȼİ״ȫըѿ
ըɷ飬аеĽŵĴԭأ·˲ˣΪӵһƻʵһһͲǳˣ
ħ
޼ʦ壬ң
аҿҪ޼
ʱ˿̣еɵĵӶĿȻ׷Žĳôѵģһ顪ǵаˣܸǰ绪ɽϵеӣ㣡
޼ȵ⹬УȻܸСӣһ֮λ㵱ɣҪ׻ٵ
޼ʦ壬ǲңҪɱң
־
û뵽޼Ȼ㷭ˣʱ̣ѵ޼Լ
аûʱ㣬Ϊڽ
ѩһۣǺȵ
޼Ҫ㻹˵㣡
Ӱ˸ת˲䣬ɳ
׷
ѩȵӰŲҲǷ׷˳ȥ
аЩ־Ŀû뿪㣺㣬㣬ҪɱңȣҵĴȫҵĴ۲ʶ̩ɽ
촽Ϊʲôͽܵûܸأ
ңҸͲӦãɱúã
ͽܵձһɳȥ˵һ仰Ȼǡʦұ𡯣û뵽㾹Ȼ룡
ҡҡͷ
ʲôŭ㣬๼
а
һ̣ʲô
ȻĺȴǱѿѪ䣬ʺѪȾ񹬵ĵ֮ϣλһյĽ֮ڹ֮
ȷ๼㣬ȴӦˣ
㶪仰Ƿ
еɵĵӿŵϵ̯Ѫգ֪аζʲôҲ֪һ죬ؽؽɵʷУ

ɽ֮ϣ֮С
ѩ޼ԶƷ·߹Ķ
޼˵ѩŷ帲֮˽ҸѩʮɽĴΣǰ㶼īɽҿһ۵Ŀ棬ĺ󣬽֮дսҶ쵱еľȤ
˵ûʮÿÿҹŽɱֻҪܽɱ֮󸶳ҶĸԸǹƽģɱһң㣬ʵѾӵնɱʵ
ѩ˵
ߺߣ˲ʵ֪ΪҪһ
ѵΪͰ
һѳһ׽ˣֵ޼ðôΣǰȥŷҰɣ
޼˵ŷһֱػеĻ飬һ㣬¾СʱҲɣ飬ɭλ浱Уǿκһ飬ӵŻذҪưԹڣͱ벻ֶζᵽ飡
ԭ㸸ûдĻûô׵֣죬ҳɹ¶߲ɢǿ߶޷߲ĸ׺뱻һƻ
޼ȵ
ѩ·侳᲻֪ıģ˫ۣĸ֮һֱȥԼ
ÿÿ뵽ǵǻ棬ԣܲȥЩ
ǣ޼ѣֱĸоݺݴһ
ѩ϶ڹƻǣزסǵĻض㲻֣
˹
һħһ㣬ѩ᣺޼ֻҪƻǵĻʹɲˣ죬ڣ
޼ȷҪƻѩǣΪѾоѩʵѾ˿Ժһƴľ磬֮ºʹΪϣҪ֪󣬻һ㣡
ߣ㣬ҽŮɱУ
޼ȵ
ſ˫ۣ˫Ƥһ쳤ʮ׵ľ룬Ȼֱ˦ѩ
޼ųڣ͵ʵһ๦Ƥһ㣬ǹƣƤôܱأ
ѩʱҲʩչ鶯Ʈݣ޼˫۶Թ
վɽˣûаҪĵ˼ѩҪɱ޼ʮҹҹԸΪ˿ԸȻʶãȴҲǱж
ĻԲͬѩͨ춦ϾУǻвģ
ڿнսȻѩڵ֮޼Ҫϲ٣ǰȴǹڵһټѩеǹɸ˿̺޼Ȼսƽ֡
һ㣬Ҳǳ޼Ҫ֪ѩ쵱Ѿ˵ʵôأ
ʵ᲻ѩҪǿ
޼ȥˣ
֫ȫƤѩȥ
Ȼ֫ȴҲû޼ֵô
ţеǼϼһҲͲסô
ʶˣɽϵ״ĺܡ
֮ǰǸоǼ˵ʶѽ빬֮У޼ĳ֣ȴܹס񹬵Ҳس֡
ǣ죬аɱ޼ѩ֮УǼϼһﶼɵΣʱ̣ǵȻţ
һǿϢӲԶӶӰ˸㿴յУȻˣ
޼Ҳܹܵ˵ĳ֣аʦֵǶѾˣ㣬ѩǾҲҪɽ֮ϡ
Ŀûз޼ѩϣ֪⹬һУһλ˵ɵĽڡԿ㣬ձ


1750 ڰд
յУһһŵϼЩϼЯǵذĿֲϯվɽ֮ϣоѹ
λָҪɱߣָ΢΢һЩϼȻɽȥ
ƽףҲûд⣬ѪʱУȻһӣЩϼɢ
䣡
춯ء
ѩôеĳ֮ɣ
޼˵
ѩȻǸܵ˲ԶҵȴӼᶨ޼ҵĿɱ㣬飬Ҳ룡
Ȼȴ˵ֻпɱ޼ܾȥ֧Ԯ㣡
㣬û뵽Ȼҵ׻ƣһСˣ
λԴȡ
СʵȷʵеҲǷƷǲĻ޼׶༪٣
֮ǰұֽСӣǸܵϵĪǱڿЩŻɽ˼
̶죬ʵѾĲΣ
ڣӵʵģָϼ޼ڲɱˣīɽ޿ƥУ

Ȼϣа༶Ľףϴͨ춦гʵѾӵ༶߽׵ʵһΣѾӵ׵ʵ
еλߣһЦƥΪֻǶƤӾܽɱôõ汾³ɣ
ᵶ
һѪȻһȥ޴ʹжֲµĽ磬㱻һ
ʩչĽ磬ô׻ģ
Ǿ̫Сˣηɢ֮лϮ
䣡
һһڿк˴սȻЩռϷ磬ȴ˭ƣҲûֵ̫ĺô
һλ˵Сȥһܽסû취ڻδλֻסСˣ
˶ɵĳϣʵǿ޼Ȼǰǿߣڳ֮У
޼ʵĽңλϵʵǿϼס
ȻѪ֣ˣȴûг̫
˵ʵ޼࣬ȻڵʵҪնɱһ޼̫ѣ˺ȴܷӳŵʵҪǻҲףο˲ɵǿߣǵǿ߻ڱչصУֵĻ룡
а
ʩչСӽɱˣ
ţϼһûһʩչˣû뵽ȴҪԸһëͷСӣ
ëͷСӿǲ֮еκһҪĬ¾Ҫһһƣ

ڰ󣡡
˶һ
նǱǵסһ㣬޼ѩʱͣĿ⳯ŲԶȥʱѾȫڰסһ˿ϼԭޱʵգǱڲڸһ㡣
ǽĺڰдλʮǰʹһλϼǿɱҲһʱ̳׳Ϊڶ֮ףû뵽ʮȥˣȻٴֳ
޼Ц
ѩѾоЩԾˣλɵĳ϶һˣһƽĽǻʩչʮδʩչĺڰдȻ׶༪١
УȻҪĻͨ춦һ˶ԿˣͼѣڵʵҲǿֵסһλϣҪȥ
ȻҪλϵĽĻѩĲġ
һѩӰһ㣬߷ȥ
޼üͷ΢壺һڿźڰдȥˣǲŮˣ֮أһڰɱߺߺߺߣ
ѹǣеźڰԪأЩڰȫĵĿ־壬ںڰУס񣬲ûбŵš
ѩִԵʱ΢΢Щ⣺뿪żǿĽɱʱ±㣡
ѩҡͷˣ˵ҵʦܣʦܱʦֵĵ
ɣ
㲻˵㲻Ҫҳô޼棬ˣҲ˳ˣ
ˣѵΪһôǲŹҵģ
Ǿһɣ
ѩ֣ϧҶ˼֣һ̣ڳҪԼܳڰдĻЩĻһŮǶҪɢ飡
һ˻еѪ񵶱Уһ֧֮ЯɫľƬڰմȥ
䣡
Ѫ񵶷·ͱ˸˶ڰյУһ⴩͸ѩоϲԭǺڰдƱҪѿ˺ܿҪڰըȴǽնͱ˸Ȼƿˣ
ûУ
ЩȻ
ȻƬڰգȻһη
Ǹ˿һ㣬ܿϣ
ǽеһʧϣ֮ʧˡ
ѩҡͷô᣿ôܣ
޼
˵ƥĺڰдѾƳ޼ǸȱڣڡѪ񵶶ڴ֮⣬Ǿ
޼
ѩû뵽ԭƿλϵĺڰд󣬵ǣΪ֮Уʹ޼ճ˷ŵǸ
ֱӵºڰд¿Ѫ񵶸Ǹڴ֮⣡
ǱӵŻһľĿƣ֪˵ʱĵΣ
Բ𣬶ңҲӦø߹ԼʵҪҵĻ޼ڳģҺ㣡
ѩ˵
ɵˣҲҪңңĻҷŲܱǰǿһѩŲ֮һҲ㣬ڻ취㣡
˵
ң
ѩ˵ȻҲ㵽״ӺζʲôĿģҷ׷ǹʣȴԸұȾҲ취ҳȥ㣬ѩⱲǷģ±ӵĻΪūΪ澣ţҲԸ⣡
ΪūΪ澣ţΪβѡⱲӣ
㵹Ц
ڰдȻǾ޴ʹЩҪһʱ֮ȫǼѵģҲ˵ʱʵеġ
ѩȻЩȴȻϣѩ˵㲻˵ǾôҾҪˣⱲôţ
иһԸǰң㲻±ΪūΪˣ
ǹһȡ


1751 
ڰдеνǿɱ󷨣ºڣ˵󷨾޿˴гʮǰһλϼǿԾԾԣλʩչڰд󣬽ɱںڰУΪҽӴˣڹڵĵλûɿԺ
ֱ֮Ů˵ĳ֣ʮǰλϼǿһĻȻù˾ɲǹڵһɡ
λ϶֮У޼ҲһԣǵղǺڰģƽһڰдֻǽѩȽһڰܱտռ䡣
һλ˵޼ϹˣĻҪСӳ
Ҳû뵽ȻôӴȻһڰдƻѾ¿˵ǳ£
޼˵
ţеǱҲǷƷǾɵõȹ̵һɵĵλ
ڰдʱ佫ڵˣ
һλϺȵ
ж˷ܡ
Ȼʱû뵽һֲȴǳ߷
޼һôܣǹڵǿߣҪ֪ܺᲢ۵ǿ߿ɲ̫࣡
ǹڣѵǹ⣿
ɣ
Уڻص
Ӱ˸˴һ£˶ӣܳ˫һ֮ɫڳĻȻܹ֪˾ǹ֮
ںڰдУҲܹ֮ܵĳ֡
λϺ޼ǰˣȴ֪ԹڣҪ֪ڵǿߣǾ޲ʶģǿߡ
¾˭ɽν£
ǲҪ֪˭ֻܽ˷ˣĻɽ֣֮
֣֮¾Ȼ֪ɣӦ֪֮Уûĸɸҷųȡԡɣ
ߣڰдô
֮ǷϻһŻ棬޼ȥƺ۵Ļ棬ȴЯ޼Ϊηͫ׾޴ŴǿֲĻȻЩʹ
Ǳһ㣡

ڰдҪѣû뵽ȴǱ֮ƻˣ
޼Ķ֣

޼
λ˺ڰдһ޼ܹŻ
䣡
λϼ޼ǵֵס˹֮Ż档
ʱ˿̣ձһǿƼһ㣬ӰУ
Ӱ޼ԼλĶǼΪûڣ
Ȼڰд֮ƵʹѩӴ˳
ߣǹ֮˲˵ڰд޷ƽôҲˣ
֮м
ʵٹɭλ棬÷ϧץסҪԴҪЮ㣬ɱ㱨ѩޣ֪ʼֹһУһù֮㣡
ﬣ
УѪҲǲԶ֮֮û뵽ʱ̣ǰȱ۵ľȻ㣬ǳʲôĿģϧ۾ˡ㣡
ڹûʲô£û뵽ѵһκ£ȻСӣ˵Եʣһ᲻Զǧ㣿ˣ
֮ȵ
֮ǰĳˣһˣ̬ȶԴŹ֡
ѩΪǰû뵽˿̫ģ˵˭ȻӵſԵֵסλԼ޼
ʵǷڣҲǷëǰĴڰɣ
ȴǲ֮ĿλԼ޼ϣڰд󾿾ķǶٵ⸱ģڲô
㣡
һλϾȻ³һѪʮûʩչĺڰ󷨾ȻƳˣҲû˵Ǽ˺ķ̫󷨵Уʱڸ޷ָ
ڣλϵɫ԰ף޼Ҳûкõȥ
֮аСӣӰƻ˺ڰд󣬵ڰ⼸ȫˣѹûамڵʵηЩˡ
ʼͨ춦Ҳô̵ʱڣȻСӵǿѹСɭλľ
ѩ޼ƥ򽻸ˣˣаɣ
˵
ѩͷҵһ̣ܾˣ
޼ϴ󺧣Դ˿̵ѩȫޣϾΪ˲λҲķ˼ѩͨ춦гͺʵ󣬴˳ȻЩη塣
ѩγ޼ȥλŭֽŮɱˣ
µĲѩ㣬һԵĹ֮ǲֵĻǻ˵ǹ֣֮ȻǸֵ
ԣֺֻɱ
ɱѩɱ㣬Ҳܹ͹֮⣡
Ȼ͵ǷҪѩʱѾǰҪƥһ۸һŮôߣҲôˣ
Сӣ˵ĵǲɵ̫ûгϢˣԸһŮӣôѵöôˣȷô
֮֮⣬Ȼͬۡ
ѡȥæһΪλϴ´࣬Ϊ֪ͼǷǲˬ
λȻĴ룬ǱʵȴеģټǵĬΪֵס㲻⣬ȴû뵽һǵ棬ȴǴгλ³ѪĳϣؿڱˣѪ
ǣǲСӵĶ֣
һλ˵
ֻϧڰдûܽɱ
ӦþҪأֻҪסһǱɣҪ֪֮ܺͽƥеֻˣ

޼ѩ֮սҲ췭ظı仯ѩİ뻯޼űҲΪΣΪ˲λķ˼ѩûаƣѩѹƣ
Ҫ֪ѩһڣ֪ѩģΪѩ˵ĵӣȻǰɱȴûж֣һΪˣһǾѩһӶܻ޼ɵ
һ̣ȴǳ׺ˣѪծѪ˵пܷŹĻѩȻǲŹģ
λϺ޼ʱֻһڴǾеĽܹأĻλϺ޼ˣأôҲʵ
ţѹСûзȫԭɽϻǿߴڣСӴͷβûҰҪԸλǿߣ˼
֮ʶͷųȥȻܵһλǿߵĴڣΪʲôᱣʵڵˣ뽫סȴλǿߵһս
СӣֹǼǿ
֮Ըп


1752 ϼ
Ҳ֪㲻ʲôֹǿΪʵ޿κΣȻɱǰλɵĳϲ̫ѣҲףҪ׽ǣҪķ̫ɵУһλǿڻȻ֮Ƿʼ֮㣬㲢洢λɵǿһս
λҲϵʵв㣬һֻŽסȻҲǱϾʣʵڲ࣬סȻǲ
޼ѩ֮սҲ޼Ȼ񹦣ȫƤһ㣬ǹ룬ǹڵһѩİĵʮа˫ǻһֱӽ޼ȥ
顯һ޼첲̳һѪڣѪɽ޼ɫ԰ףȫѩסѵĻᶼûС
ߣ޼ʮѾֹһλⷬû뵽ǣһ죬Ȼô죡
޼޷ѣѩҲ֣裬ǿôɱǵĳ˾ҵǰҼҳ𣬵ΪŷҴ鷳ҸӽԺҲõ޼ɱˣ
Զûлٺˣ
ѩаǵõ˸ĸĸӦһ㣬Ȼˡ̡սȻ޼ؿڴȥ
Ȼ˿̣ѩеİǲܿһ㣬ȻﬡһɳȥȻѩԼơ
ô£ҷס
ʦ֣
޼ĿͬȣĿȴǿߡ
Ȼˡ
ͬλҲǱ˵ĵɶ˶Ȼû˰η֮ģﶼ˵ǳˣ
㿴һѩѩɱ޼Ҳ㱶пϧ˵ѩǱΣգ
УɱĺûᣬûаҲ޷赲ҵģ
ѩ˵
˫ƣȻ޼ȥûаǿȻа취ɱ޼
û뵽ɵĽȻأеİԶʩչ񹦵ɣʱѩûл޼ȴǱһɼӴס徹Ȼڿвܿһ㷭ת˳ŵȥ
ôѵɱ޼ĻҲңע޷ҳô
ѩûԼȥ᲻⣬źɱ޼Ͼ޼ߣֻҪİ͸һؿڣԼжԷԴɡ
ɱΣ
ȥɱ޼ô
ʩչѩ£һѩҲǷɵѩ˵ɵĽǰ߹ң˵ʵЩ̫㣬ҪСĵ㣡
Ȼûɱ޼ѩûʧȥģɱ޼Ļܻеģ
û뵽չôã񹬵ҪЩС޸ˣ
һ
λϺ޼Ϊӭأ鸣죬룡
ʧһӰվУȻɵĺ磬˫ͨЩаȵ˼쳣߰
䣬Ǻ˲˶١
飿
㿴ǰˣ˵ȷҪǼƥҪǿ̫࣬ڰдǴ˿ֻʩչĴҲʩչģ
ѩ˵һУ˵֮Ψһɵľ飬Ī⣬˭Ҳ֪ǿʵܹڹô곤ʢ˥ҲԺĪĹֻҪ鲻ɾ;Բ𣡡
ɵǿߣȷǿ˹Կֲʵ
֮ҲԶ
첻С޴ɣ֮Ҳˣʧ
˵
֮
˼Ǽһǹ֮
ѹǿʵܹƿǺڰ󷨣

ƿڰ󷨣
ҡͷʵֻ̫磬Ǳʩչĺڰ󷨣֮£û˭ƽ
ǣ񹦣£
޼˵
޼Ȼ˼һŮ޶񹦷ˣǱѻΪҽȻǱʦܣǣЩʵǵûн˲ɣҪ֪Ϊλ᳤ʢ˥Ϊ񹬵ֻһˣλϣڹһָǿߣıʵñʧ͸
˵ûЩ޼ķԼ츳
޼Ҷ죬Ȼͬʦ֣СʱĹϵҲǼãɣ޼Ψֻһˣѵ޼ȻҶԡ
֮գҲǷվѩĲԶȻ׼ͬһӪ˵ΪɵĽǸչصգȴû뵽ҵŶһһСˣ
֮ҪСһԸô
аˣǲĶֺ֣α۸ǣ
֮˵
ȴҡͷ֮۷Ȱ㻹ȥϼһ㱣ңҿûдӦ
㣬ڿûй㳳һʵʶȤľȴС椹Ļᱻֶ֪ôд
ҵòܣѾһΣҲٶǷһΣ
ִš
㣡
֮Ļ˵ûֹ̥ãӲˣ
ŵСӣЩʱֻϧһҪٵɣ㣡
ȵ
սеѪ񵶣ŻꡮСϴɲܹԸģڵһǿߣ㲻Ҫ֮æʲô
ﲻˣһ֣Ҳδ֣οҲǷ飡
ҵ˼԰㵲ס飬Ȼѩȥ绪ɽˣֻԺһս
ǹ֮ˣȻʲô¸֮ˣҲȱƷԵ飡

ţϴһᾡѪ񵶷ӳٷ֮ٵǽٻƣҲҪսף
ĸжȻ⡮СÿζҪ˯ܳʱٳ֣˽Ǻܶ࣬ǸεգܶѶǡС㿸µġ
ȻǻǣȴоŨصֵ֮顣
ѩڰдУ㺦飬Ҳ˵㣬㣬һܹսʤģ
һȻվ֮Զ
ԭΪҪսˣû뵽Ѿδս뿪صһսЩ̫̼أ
˵㣬Ȼϼǿ߾ӵֲʵ


1753 ս
գ
죬ƣ졣
ڿУһĳǰѪ񵶵Ĺ⻪סգûΪԷϼǿ߶Űֿ־壬һǰδе˷ܸоȫ
Ѫڷڣ
ûκ˾һ飬챦ʯһ۾âնȾһΣ㰵ãЩɫâɲֻȾƲʵɫô򵥣һԻǵĹߡ
㱻һ߻УһǱܿйߡ
Щߵп̺˼ǿѪ񵶵ֵ±ǹߴ͸
ûñ̫ʧҪһжסĻҪЩϵʵˣ
˵
Ǽλ϶ΪȻֶ֪ûлɱǶôһ顣
սѪ񵶣Ȼӳһ棬ڳ˿ȥذĵȴǱ׵¡
λ϶СӹȻΪ˶ԸĻһܹش
һδɣûаܸУһǵ֮ǰһǿ̺㼸ȫ
䣡
ȭĵƣоȣеĿѪ񵶣
Σ
ؼľУǷһ
鲻м˵
ǾͿ㵽û˵ⷬʸɣ
յֵгһĨڤĻڤĻѪ񵶵Уǿɫâһǵ棬ҲǸѸͣ
ȻûбܿüͷѾ΢΢ƺû뵽㾹ȻʵаСӹȻҵ츳ǿ֮ǰһǺͽʵ֮󣬾ȻѾӵ׵ңڵӸӣиѪ񵶣˲ԺسɵĴ󻼣
ɱˣȻҪأûбŰٷ֮ٵ̬սǴһ̿ʼȴҪ콫
һҪɱң
ܹܳѾˣҲûκη֮ɫʧԭأҲǽѪյĸȻ󣬡顯һһһƻĺ󱳣㵹ɳȥ
һѪҪɱ㣬ڶҲǻȻ˿̣ȴ׳һâ˵ǹâΪû֪׳ȥĵʲô
ǣ˶ǰγһɫǽڣǽ֮ϣȻɫӡȥʮˡ
ڿзĺ󱳣ʹڵ飬жԷһƣȻ˿̣Ѿܷˣ
ܣ㣬㲻ӵģ˭ģ
ɫǽڣʼõı֮ǰһֱûлóһ̶Ը飬ȴǲò׳ˣ
أҲǲʼһΣԵģܵס飬û뵽ȻЩСͷ
ڿУϻɫâ÷׭ָˣû顣
ΪܵУͿԸǵĻָƣ㣬Ҫܻ飡
ĵгһɫϢȻǰɫǽڻȥ䡯رһɫǽмѿһ϶϶ȴǲû顣
ֲ̫֧̫ܶãұץʱָƣ򡭡
㰵
㣬Ҫס
ѩ˵ӰҲ֮ϣ˵ǰȻܱüƱܽ飬ѩ㣬㣬㣬ûܶԸ飡
䣡
䣡
ʱֻƣѷԽԽ󣬵Ȼû飡
СӣֲҰ
֮ߵҲʲȥ
ǰֻԼǷ飬֪ͼ֮ˣ
ߣ
֮ƺ˼
䣡
䣡
㲻ţͭǽڣ飡
䣡
䣡
һƽһƣɫǽۿҪ飡
ܾҪ֧Ųסˡ
Ҳż
Ͼصʱ̣ûҪ
䣡
ɫǽ֧Ųס飡
ΣǱ飿㣬첻ܾˣȥɣ
ȵ
ͬʱ֮ӰҲѩʧһ˭˵ûܾ㵱ǿô
һƻڿײ޴Ȼϵ㵯ɳȥ
⣬ҲʹֱӺӴҪ֪Ļ
˭豾˭Ҫǹ֮Ҳ⣡
ȵ
֮ҲǡЦȻҪɱңûôף
гһǹǹⷺ⣬һǹ̳һǹ⵱бŷ飬ҲҴ⣬Ͼ֮ʵףʵȻ֮ϣҪӮȴǲף
οĿɱ㣬Ǳ֮סܣôɱ֮ʲô壿
һǹ飬֮˵ѩ㻹Ͻ뿪ҿɲ֪ܵסһã
ѩҲǵͷ鶯תۼԣȻ˿̣Ȼȫɫâڻָˡ
ȵסǣɱ
λԼ޼ȷ֮ס飬ѩҪǽߣôһжǰˣ
ߣѩشֻʣһˣôܵеùǣ
޼·ҵš
ĵô棬Ϊ㷽Żһ̽ҵţû뵽Ļ㣡
֮ҲǼƥҪΧѩȻҪȥԮȴǱס֮ñǹ񹦰ɣ
㣬Ұ㵽ֻรˣ
֮̾һרںսˡ
ѩսߣû뵽ɾȻ޳ܣֻԶô
СޣΪǻʱļƲߣߣ
޼ϱһɺ⣬˫۷˳ȥֱӻѩ
Ҳȫѩ
ҲҪɱ㣡
Ŀ⿴޼趯ҲѸʩչ
޼Ĵ룬ʱѩĶ֣λϵԮȴһǰѩЩΣڵϦĸо
ߣİûңͱλɱˣ
޼а
ǣǰһĻȴͫѸٷŴһϮȻΧѩλϾȻǵⵯɳȥѩİ޼ĺߡ
ô᣿شô
޼һ
Ȼδȫ£ȴǱᴩȡһѪȻ


1754 
ѩǰһĻЩ𺳣˵ʵΧ·ˣһᣬǴ˺޼ͬھڣ֪Լɱ޼ô
Ͼλɵĳ϶ǳصģһ赲ĻѩҲѽ޼͸ɱˡ
Ȼ޼ĺ͸ʱѩ֪һģڽʮļҳ𳹵ױˣɱ޼ȻֻƬ̣ԴɻĿܡ
λϷűһģȴǱһˣȻǺսĹ֮һȵĿѾվڿУѪ񵶣ɢһʡ
Ȭˣ
ѩʵ
ţЩ˾ͽҰɣ
㵭˵
͹֮սɭƳһĻķƺû뵽һȻôͿԻָ
֮û£Ҳǰɭλľˣ
λ㲻ǻָ˰ˣһָģ֣ɣ
Ǿɣ
㱬һȫɢȥʹλ϶ǾȻҳȥ
ô죿ȥڵ㣬ǲ֣
ڱ֮סûǰ
ܣ
λͬһʱɢȥ
ⳡĲҪѪɵϣȻīɵĵŵĴӴܡ
ҪǴ֮УԺɻа
ܣ
һһλϣλϷֵȴǿסĵ棬һնֱۣ׹ɽ
׷λϣɱˣȻܵʵ̫죬Ҳûм׷ȥ
ѩû뵽ᷢ˴ת䣬ͨ춦г޼λɵĳϣû뵽Щֵô뵽Ľȴ޼ɱǼλϣ˵ˣܵܣѩԤϡ
һУӦ˵ȫһ˸ɳģѩ޷Ҫ֪ǲ֮ǰżīɣΪɵΨһеӵġ
ƥܵıȹҪ죡
ûѡ׷ȥԭһǾǲԶ֮֮ĴսܹܵʵҪʤ֮ģ֮Ҳôغֻռ·ˣҪɱס
㣬㻹ûУ
֮ȵ
ѩҲǿ㣺ǻط绪ɽɣдڣҲ
˭뿪
ȵ֮Ϊɱô㣬ΪûнóĻˣ
飿
֮Ծ
֮гһöɫӣɭ˵öеĻ飬ŷҲΪŻűڵģߣѩһֱΪ޼ɱĸĸʵǱµû޼а취ɱ㸸ĸϾŷİ˫Ƕ֣㸸ĸˬȴǺǣ޼һ¶Ĺǲǲ֪ЩԼĶ䣬ڰһµ°ˣ
㿴ԵѩսȭͷۿоӨһƬȻΪԼ˼ҳ𣬶ʮصڿԷˣȴ֪ɱĸ֣ȴ޼һˣ
飬ѩĿǰ˵ɱĶ֣
ļ򣺡ģûҪѹ
֮ȽɱȻٶԸСޣ
еĻ鱻ڿУоȻŷһ׶೤Ļ棬յ趯ҫЩϼУΪġơ
ֳնһ㣬֮У쳣СǴŲмЦ飬δʶĿֲ
֮üͷ壺ӵлΣɱңûô׵ģ
ֲ˹Ļ˹֮Ļһ㣬趯ﳯŹ֮棬޴оЩ澹Ȼͨ춦е̫ҡ
֪ǱЩ津壬һ飡
֮ĳǹ׳һɾ޴ҲǱŷƺҪֵǻĻ棬ȻǱǹȴǱ泹ڻ֮д󺧣Ȼ˿̣ȴսѪ񵶷ȥ
ЯѪ񵶵ǰ䡯һЩȴûѪκεˡ
֮û뵽ȵѪ飬뿪Ҫ꾫
ΪԸô۲ϲǷ˵Ķѣ
㵭˵
֮˵ܻȥ˵ǷǷİɣǾ֣ҲĶ֣
ҵѪʱܵסĻ棬Ҫȴ죡
Ҳҡͷ
ѪǾǹ֮еܱģЩܱڵ֮⡣
ǣˣҲֻܱס˲ҪԸ˵飬ûܵģ
ߣСֲ࣬ܵɣ
ȵһʦ
͵ѪҲƴ
ȻСܿǴϴҪסˣڵû취ٿһɱ
סʲô˼
ô˯۵Ҫȫʧˣʱ򡭡
Ҫ˯
ǣϴʱϽӳȥɣĻв֮ҲҪشʱҪָʵѣ

Ƭ̣СʧѪ񵶾ȻǾĻɳȥȻûѪڻȴҲ֪ŻʧѪ񵶵ѾǺˣ
ˣѪ񵶶ס
֮˵
ЦⰻȻôֲ֧סôΪǻŵ׵أվҪѡ
ȵ飬ֻҪһڣҪɱ
֮ҲǺȵڻվûбɱ
ɽ֮ϵѩſ֪֮ⷬᷢʲôһҪɹһأȻһ̣һ
ⲻǴϵı˪֮ôôɽϻ
ѵô
ѩ̫ף绪ɽϵı˪֮ΪʲôᴫȻĿǰԾ͹ֻ֮īеĴˣڣҲֻʵ
ǣϿǽеһнˣôܳɽأ
ѩҡҡͷȻһ̣ȴһһģһ֮


1755 鷳
Ϥֵʹѩľһ˿˿ЩϣԽԽ쳹ѩӼᶨԼе뷨
ǴϣһǴˣоˣ
ѩа
͹֮ȻҲע⵽ˣǶܸоһǿ߼ٷ
ϱЩѿˣҡͷȻˣû뵽ȻϵȻҪģȽɱĻˣһж˵ˣ
˻֣վٴֲĻ棬ȭ֮ҲʩչԼǿ
潫˵ȫɵۿҪϣȻһ̣һϮýĻ׵ס
һ峺յУԭյдڵľҲƺѾܵĳв
ϣ
ѩ
˿̣ҲǿյƾնһӰ׼ȷ˵
һһ
Ǻı˪֮ǻ£޴ϵĴţе¶ȶͲ١
ϵȻˣһλӣʾѣƱˣ鶼ûǰڳм̬
Ϊ֪ڹڵУܹ鿹ֻһˣ˵ʵ˵ʵ͸
Խ͸ĵˣԽǿֲ
鲻Ҵ⣬ڻ֮ϣ˫Ź⣺ˣû뵽¼ģĿģҪˣʹɲˣ
ָ͹֮ѩ
˵˵
µ˫ҲڶԳţһһԷ
֮ûйϵձָѩ
ǺãҹҲ̸֮ѩµӣΪβܴߣ
㽫ͽɱնɱϣնһϵֱۣǽ뿪ɻڹ㣬ѩɱʦ޼ңŷһҵϣ͸լʺ˽죡
˵
ո˵ĻǶӦ֣ŷл鱻ϣŷһңѩȴ˵ѩϣҵҪʣʲôвϣ
˵
ɫһ䣺˽˵ʲôҲҪѩ˴ߣ
Σ
ִ˵ĻǱҲǸ֮ΪڴŮ˵
飬Ȼӵл飬ⲻ֪вԱУ⡮֮ơջẦģңҪ֪ɱ˵Ŀɽ
㣿
˵ʲôɽˣ
ĿɽĻͳˣǺܿϧһûǸ
ôܣ
鱻˵Ļס㶼ܵСӵĿɽڵУ˭ԣ㲻Ҫ˵СӵĿɽǹ֮ˣġ
죿
ﶼЩɻ
֮͵ɭλ浱УֻǷΪں͹⣬ֻλ浱еĻʵԽں͹ڵ죬쵱Уɭλеǿ֮أ
ʼͷ
ţеǿߣЩǿ˵ʵǿ̫ˣҪһڶԿޣɱ飬ߣ
֮˵
ͷ
һǲ
˺ȵ
ǲ𣿺ߣΣСɱ˱ͽܣԼеĳϣǿ߳춼ɣ
Ȼ˵ȴȻ£֪Ŀɽ˭СӶ̶ʱܹôʵ˵ûпɽЩ̫ܡ
ڤ粻飡
ҡҡͷ
Ȼ˵ڤ粻飬Ҿüʶʶڤ粻
ȵһֲĻ
ͬʱµı˪֮ҲǵֵЩ档
䣡
ǰ޴Ĵ
֮˵ǹǿ˽ʵҶû֣
Ҳϼǿߣֻϼ
ţȻҲϼȴֻǸոսˣ˻һ࣡
֮һ㣬ж־ȻƺսаСӣ֪ԼУȴȻѪڣ治֪ոҪûиϵɳľٶǸоȻеƣԼģСӣĺܣ

˻
֮Ľ
ˣı˪֮ôܺͱĻƥУܵģ
ȵ
֮ǰȷܣǣӵ鵱еĻ飬ңȴӵˮ飡
˵
ˮ飿Ѽôõˮ飬û뵽ȻУڱ˱˪֮Ϊαǿȫˮ
˵ǽ콫ɱˮ֮ˣʱ򣬾ǽ죬Ҳһϯ֮أ
Σ
ǲΣ֪ˣΪֻô
Ц
֪ɱѩҲ޷ֲɵľ޴ʧǣһˮ飬飬޼֮ǵõˮ飬ȫˣҲ⣡
뵽Էˮ飬ҲǾ߶ȼУº˵սгκʧ
鲻򵥣
˵
֮˵㿴ʲôˣǾӦƽ״ˮͻ޼
غ鱾һ˿аζ
˵
ô˵
ҷʶ̽ĵǴһȷаһ㣬ȻֻӣȴǾмǿǿӣӦòģ֪˭ڵģ
ôаţ
֮ҡҡͷĵôûиܵѵСӵʶһҪǿ
ô죿Ҫ˶Ķ֣ǿɾ鷳ˣ
һҲ͸ӦñеĻҪǿһЩɣԸܵס飡
˵
˺սӼңͻԼ棬Զ֪ƣ룬˺ҲѴϷڿжƴ˵ʵʵ޼û˭ռƵһ˵
û뵽Ǳῴ㣬ȷеĻҪǿϲ٣ӵˮ飬³ֻܺŷһһֻ
ȵӵ˱ɱ˵һ㣡
ûԷ˵ĻľܲΪԷһһı䣬Ȼ֪Է׻ʲôɱУҲܹʱɢһЩƵУ²⵽һЩаҪĻ鷳ˣ


1756 һ
ãڵǹаҪˣֵ֪ܷס
˵
ѩҲЩ벻Ȼˣһܵסģ
а
쳤ХϱһĹââʹնҪɺڰһ㣬ХһʼѾвҡͷϽϱ˪֮죡
֮㣬ѩûԭ̷ϣ֮ϡ
˺ȵû뵽Ѿаŵĵˣߣ̳аһаӣҲɱǣ
ʹ֮ܣ
ȵ
ǰһӰǵӰһģһǣӰӵһʹģɢʥ⣬ƺŵֵƬڰ
ߣ
ϱ˪֮󣬱˪֮һڿڱǣӰڿʧ
ƲŽʹ֮ܡ飬ȻʧӰҲŭѣȵû뵽Ů˾Ȼʹ֮ܣǿˣĻȫҪˮҲȻҵ֮Ǿӻط绪ɽΣõĶûеòģ

˪֮ڿмٷУľþûԸǿĵˣҲ˲أ
˪֮ĸˣڿеѪһ鱻յĿҪõĵطҲǿл׭ǿ鸯õĵطָ
˪֮ҲǳХһʾĸл
Ҫ˵ллĿңҪĻ˶Σ
˵
ѩ˵㻹˵
ţ
㵭ͷ
֮˵ˣ֪ڱĿеаа
֮ǰ˵пŹǲ²
Ҳ΢΢ͷҰĲСȻͶеа£飬ڱصˣ
һᵽ飬ѩȻҸĸΪлűɱڵġ
ѩñֶζû飬ҲսñӦ
˵Ȼط绪ɽٴӳ飡
֮ȴ˵֮У֮£㣬ҲʼУԣҲûʲôˣ
ϧ飬Ҳǵģعȥ
˵
֮ҲСӣûص⣬
Ӱ˸ɳ˪֮塣
˵㣬û뵽ʼ澹Ȼ㿴㣬֮֮㣬δֺҪ
ѩŴﰵѹֹ֮᲻ԶǧȻΪʼ棬㵽Ǻε츳ǿ󣬶һʼӡ
˵鲻ڷ绪ɽ̫ʱ䣡
ţ绪ɽһؽ磬ԸԵסһЩʱ䣡
Ȼأ
ʵ
˵ӵаʱҲĶ֣
ĻȽͨ춦
˵
Ÿսȥãڽȥͨ춦еֲǲ֪һ
ѩ˵
Ҳ˵ǸողŽȥڵʵѵסͨ춦еգ
ͨ춦Ȼÿζ֣ܱԴеĺãҪ֪ǲŹҵģ
˵ΨһԾȵİ취ˣ
ǡǴͨ춦гҲһӵսʤ
ԶûԹĻô֪أ
˵ˣˣѩͽԪͨ춦Уҵұˣ
ִˣҲǵͷϣܻų
ѩ֪˵ʲôҧĸоͷ

绪ɽ
ѾٿɴᣬҲѩе飬еļҲϤ֡
û뵽ͽȻа߹аǶãɱ޹Ҳаû
ͶаˣȻҪϵˮ飬ֱǳ룬飬еǿ߶Դοڣ
ӵаǵԶԸ绪ɽĽѾҪƻ磬ҲǼѵģ

ѾŻڷ绪ɽ֮⣬ӣҪٵɽ
īɵŮ˵
ôˣ
˵֪Գŵסã
ϣ˵Ԫͨ춦ѵӵжԿ
С츳ʼ濴صˣͨ춦֮ǰѾӵҵʵܴͨ춦гĻͻϼҲǼпܵģ
ͻϼΪСӲǸ˰ˣȴǡ
Щ϶Щ̫š
ͨ춦кգ治ϲˮǸ⣡
·ԼѡģԸܴͨ춦гĻɢ
˵
ѩģͨ춦гģһģ
䣡
䣡
䣡
绪ɽϴҵ
˵黹ôǿĽ磬Ȼ㣡
ȥɣΪͨ춦Ӯȡʱ䣡
˵
ϣ㣬ǽϣô
ֻ֪ʼ۹ǲģ
˵꣬һ
Ҳ˵϶˵ˣλϾͲҪˣϾϵľһǴģ
ðɣϹͷҪΪһûļһƴһˣ

ݣ
һӰ˸֡
һֻ޴ޱȵı˪֮Ҳڿֳ
аЦڻϣޱȣôЩŮڸҳôڲ֪ССһ磬ƽⲻ˵ô
ţһأǸСӣѵܵˣ
飬㲻Ҫǣ绪ɽĽ绹ûбƵ㣬ʱҪ绪ɽ֮У
绪ɽĽ籾ʱƵ壬㳤ˣԸ汾ɱ㣡
Ц
ɵĽǲŮɫ֮ˣȴû뵽Ҳ֮ˣΪһɣ
壬ˣ֮飬ֻȥྭӪɣɳΪڵһΣû㱾ڣʵ̫խˣҳưԹΣûа˼
˵Ҳڵ壡
ѵΪа߹ڵô
ߣɭλǿƼĵطоĲ㣬Ż֪ӵһôµ飬ԣʮǰŻΪ˵õ鲻ֶΣΪ˾ҪŻТаֻñӵдڵļֵԼ壡
ЦЩ֮ˣҪԣ


1757 
У

һУʮǰƿ״̬а˴ڵļֵʲô

ӵ޾
飬ֲֿܸ˵ǴڸУ
Ǽʶʶаɣ
֮гһĨڹ⣬ڿУкڹ⳯ŷ绪ɽȥ
䣡
绪ɽҪڹըһ㣬ɽҵ˵ã类ƻˣ
Ҳҡ
绪ɽԭһ㼫ǿĽ磬ĿľΪ˵Уܹƻ磬֪ʵжôǿ
ϣô죿
壬Žе뿪绪ɽ
˵
ϣǺ⣬ǲܽ㶪ģ
Ŀˮ飬Ϊˮ飬ԲϧǷ绪ɽȫٵ壬īɵĽӦԴΪأ
ϣǲߣûĻīɾڹ˵λ
ߣ
лһȻ˸֮⡣
ԭΪƾܹסһȴû뵽Ȼ˿ֲаȻҪסīһ
ѩΪɽ㣬ûиԣ֪絽׷ʲô顣
ϣžڵϵ㣬ҡͷ̾㰡㣬һҪͨ춦гڻ֪ϺͽǾܷס飬ҪǶĶֵĻǿɾˣ
ûκηӦ
ѩǽҲûãŴ⿴յеľ
յУֻʣ˺飬϶ʧڿС
ҡҡͷô£ȥ
뵽֮⣬ȴ߽ˡ
ϣ˲Ůӡ
ѩԣǣ
ѩҴеӵȫشȥ
˵
УҪסĻĻΣյģ
ѩĻΪܵסôˣΪȡʱ䣬㲻Ҫ
뿪ɣѩɱ޼ҳȫңҲʱ̽뿪ģ
ѩ˵
ѩôִţСӾǴͨ춦гҲ޷ı棬ӵƻ绪ɽܹԸ˵ģ㻹ӽĻ߰ɣ
ϣԲˡѩˣһȴԪ
ѩС͹¿ڽУҲǿһĳˣʱ̣ϣΪԼһΣ
ǰʦ㣬Ȼ˺ãǣǵĳ飬Źǵģ㻹Ǹ߰ɣ
Ҳ˵
ѩҡͷ
ͷѩȻˣҲٶ˵λϣȴӳˣ
ǣ
˵
ȰȰѩǿѩִŵı飬ȴҲ֪޷ı⣬뿪ˡ

䣡
˱һУҼܵش³Ѫ˪֮˿Хһ𶯡
ˣǰܣҼǿģڲУǽɱҲ˿ûаУΪ㲢ǿߣǿߣŻñӵдڸУ
˵
аνĴڸô
Ȼܵشȴǲûаη˼׼һ㡣
˵ˣǴڣǱܹսʤһ㣬ǴڸУ
ȵˣ콫ˮ齻һЩ
룡
˺ȵ
𣡡
˪֮
ʱһҲǴԶ
âҲаЦ½ɵķ˶ôȤ
һӰյУһλƮƮߣһѶ̽ȴɢҫ۹â
ɵĽīɵĵһ˶ˣҪ಻ֵĻǴⳡ֣
Ƿ½ɲһֱϣɺīɻɱôԮˣƺǷ½ɵɣ
īɱ˵Ļ¶Ƿ½Ҳûôɣ
˵
ͷأ㲻Ž۷徳磬Ҫܱܣ
ѵ֪ǰЩ죬ֶһλϼǿô
ʲôѾϼ
ȻЩţҡͷ˵ϼΣӵа˶ǱĶ֣ɱ㣬Ҳ練Ƶ飡
˿һˣѹ㶼ˣȻӵаǲĻ綼Ҫ
£Ҿס»һ
һ
ֱ
ȵ

ͨ춦С
ѾԼٶȻʮɽȻԼҪһ㣬ԲܷŹīɵģ
ͨ춦У֮ǰΣնҪ֡
ȻȴƾһǻѪԼʮ˲ѹء
ͨ춦У˼ʮ
ӵа۾ǵִϼǿ߾磬Ҳһֻ֣ͨ춦нǱ󣬲ϣ飡
Щɽ޷סۣûа취
㾫쳣УǰѾǵڶʮɽҪӲ򱶣ҪٵɽȻס
ӦǵڶɽˣֻҪٻɽ۱뿪ͨ춦
䣡
ǿȭһ֮ɽ
ǰɽȻȭ
㲻֪ǣɽʱͨ춦еĳ¥һɫӰȻŸƺ«ЦŨҵĺһڣૣΪСӵνͨ춦УҪҵİɣȴû뵽龹ȻڵѪٴȼǱ޾޴ͨ춦УѾľأͿԳȥˣ
䣡
һɽ٣
һ飬۳ڣ

ɽ֮ϣѩȻغϣҿ⣬Ŀܵӡ
Ϊ֪Ҫ˶ˣغ㶼Ǿһģ
㣬֪ôҪ㣬ҶʮԸͲʵ֣ģֻҪɱ޼ҸԹ޻ڣԣҾΪػҲԲκԹԣ
ѩ˵Ȼɱ޼Ļֻûֻ֪ܰԸԣ㣬һҪͨ춦гһҪ
ѩſļ˵ⷬģδ뵽ȻȴܹԸоļȻᶯһ¡
ѵѵԪصˣ


1758 
ƤѩԼϣ˫ֻܡءıȻ֪Ҫȥ֧ˣֱܲӶѩ˵䣬ɿҰɣ
˵ˣ»ΪѩһӰҪ֪ŮѾˡ
ѩΪԪع鵽֮УҲɿ˫֣ƤʱҲһϲ㣬оôˣ
̫ˣҪ֪ͨ춦ǰŲʱˣҪ֪һһͬͨ춦ǻʱ䣬벻ôͨ춦гģ
ѩҲ˵ˣҪȥˣ
˵
ѩûеͷǷӰѾʧϽӴȥ
Ҫ֪ûԪλʱ͸еǳսȻڣȴǲ֪Ϊʲôܸоһɼǿİȫһ㡣
ȻĿʵܣ
Ҫ֪Ǵ϶޷顣
ϸеʱ򣬵϶һʬ壬һλŷµĻˣҲش˪֮Ƿʹధˡ
û뵽ôͨ춦гγֵʱϵȻӵڲͬҲܹõͨ춦жȻ˲ʵ
鿴͸Ӿˣ֪ͨ춦Ϊ˿ɢǹɼǿƣ𺳣
аСӣڶ̶֮У̶ֲ̼ܶʱٴηԾɣҪĻ൱ڱаӿֲô
ҲǿеһĨɵǾǷĵĵǣɢɫâз׭˺ͱ˪֮ϡ
ϵ׭˪֮Ҳһٴչȥʮ㣬ѹµĻơ
һСӣûȥ㣬㵹ǻұĵǰ
˵֪ŵǾʬ˭ôոսϼǿߣ
ڱǰȻ֮ܳΪǿߣΪǿǾԲģ
㿴һˣ˵Ƿ½ɵķˣ˺սаֲ
ţ۲÷˰װģӵаҲȫʬ
ȵ
ߺߣȫʬСӣ㻹ҴԲѣ֪Ϊβ˵ʬôҪʱڷ½ɵſڣ֪ɵһ³
˵ȻǱɱˣ϶ȫʬڷ绪ɽϵģ
޳ܣ
Ҫ֡
ȴסͱ˪֮ˣͽ۰ɣ
ţҲ뿴㾿ӵҪСģô׶Ըģ
˵ͷ
鳰㣬ëͷСȻ츳ˣھҪԸֱ쿪ʬԱûκμֵɢ
˲ȽµĻǾ쳤Хͺնһ㣬ŻֲĻ棬һĻǵصĳӿ
һ̣ѾڲԶѩȻŵľҪгĻ棬Ǹܹģ˱˪֮ıܹ׵ֵҪԸף
㣬Ȼ׼ûУȻҪסЩ档
ȵǲ֪Ȼ㶼㣬ô
㣡
㱬һ
ȫȭĵУȭȻ
䣡
Ȼ
ѩһȣȭͷг־֮֮Ȼһȭɢ
˵ֲ֮Ļôȭ͸ˡ
˪֮жڷŹ⣬ܶ벻ͨΪʲôӵôǿ
ϲ֮ɫǿһӰ˫ȭ޴ȻֱӺͷ
䣡
Ӵʹ鶼Ҫ뿪壬龹ȻĿŻ֮׹ȥ
䣡
绪ɽҪ֪׵ӣֱһɽֱײڷ绪ɽϣЩҪʹ÷绪ɽѡ
пȥһϢ޴һһϣȥҲ޷ˣ
аСӣȻѾӵǿֲʼ÷绪ɽϵеӶתƳȥˣĻһײ˲زɣ
Ҳû뵽һȭɢһȭӿл䣬ȱѾԼ
ҲĿԺһսҲ˵
Сӣ㾹ȻñĻ֮أߣʱʵֵõ˷ٵĽףϼô
ջ
˭Ҳ뵽ʱ鶨ȻãҪ֪Сʱ֮ǰҪնɱ㻹׾٣ǼСʱ֮󣬻ȻС
޴ķòŭջ
ϼôܱͳˣ
㵭˵
ȵСӣʶʶаΪĿۣ
ñ۸ۣƾ㣬ȻУ
ȵͨ춦гѪѷڣƾȭ˿̣ҲűʤĻ顣
ƻаŷҲһ̣ʩչȭ
һȭһƣ
ޱȾˣ
˵̬ҲɱԷ
䣡
嫵ײգҪһ㣬龹ȻĺȻҲ˼У͸ŵǹɱִţϱƸӿֲ
Ȼаŵǿ֣ǿǸոȷżսѺķ̫аȻǿȴǲִȻͨ춦սȥĻʤɣ
˰
ҲЩС飬Ҫ֪Ҳ֪аſԺԽӸոһƵģĻͱɱĻɢˡ
ǷŻɽ֮ǰСɱô鷳ˮϣ㵲ǰҪɱ˺ѣôǧѷĺûᣬ治װˣ
ںڵҪҪ֪žԵİտԻɱ˶ˮ飬ȴû뵽·ɱ˳ǿҲܹóСδǱжôֲۿˮϣȴûбʤˡ
ɱԷȻǿңô飬·ôߺߡ
СӣΪôҳѾǿ㹻ͱƴĳ̶ȣǣҪܱûܵģֻŴζԴʬ壬Ϊ֣СҲǹ⣬еˣ


1759 а
Ᵽűϵ򶨣ȷܣΪѾԼ׻㣬ӵˮ飬֣Ȼɼš
û뵽㾹Ȼܿ˼һޱȿֲĥĶ֡
֮˵мǿĺ̨Ļڻһ͸ĸо
鳯ȻһȻҪߣ
䣡
ɢԷЦܶǱ۲µĽ磬۵ҪҪӣ
ײǽһ㣬ЩȻ˺ҪƿҲԲô׵ġ
Ҫ֪ʵȻ࣬Ҫ֪ӵеķ׭ǼΪ죬÷׭µĽҲǿͬȼֲ١
һʱ֮Ʋ磬ȵ㣬֪еа˭㽫ڽ֮УǱ֪׼
Ǹа˭ۻûȤ֪ǣɣ㲻öˣ
㲻мΪܺͱʹʹһȴ벻Ҳηηβķ
ҪսʤһûҪߵĵˣûκѹ
ȷûսʤ㣬ڣȴǷ֣ȻĻᱻɱ
Ȼ˿̣յУȻһĨڹ⣡
ܹܵõǵڹſֲҲ⡣
ҲǴ㣬аķҪס飡
ֻһô
Ĩڹޱǿʹ㶼΢΢ЩȣȻȴûзŹ˼аҲ޷赲ɱˣ
˫ȭȥ
䣡
ҵ춯бľʹһȭĲش
ȻĨڹȴվУ
һźɫӰɢɫâĻ
аˣң
鱾ûע⵽Ĩڹ⣬һӰȻǼ

嫵죬ʹõϵķ绪ɽھҲ
ԴҶԡ
û飬Ҷ㵹мֿأһаӣû뵽ֿɵõˮ飬㾹Ȼûа취飬Ҷǳʧ
аˣ°²Сӣ֮ǰʵȴѾͻϼҲûǿʵģ
ί
֮ǰô
ǵӰɫͫ׾Ȼ㣬Ƭ̣˵ͨ춦еô֮⣬ҵ벻иǿķʵ
аеǿߣѵҪԽɱô
ڱ˪֮ϣѾϡ
аҪɱ㣬Ҳ֪ʼӵţԣǴаҪ֣Ҫס㡣
ᣬҪ֪ȻǹеĴ棬ǣ㵲ҵǰȻΪҿûаϧ뷨
а˵ңҾҪɱˣΪƾǿԵסô
аˣضҪɱ֮ǰұлɱȴǱѣڶ׷Ī
˵ֱҪڲɱ㣬УؽǴ鷳
Ե޹ӵͨ춦ģ
а˵ѵʼ棿
оȻһ˿η塣
㶼Щ⣬ѵͷôô
˵ȷʼ濴֮ˣĻҲӵͨ춦ңˮҲʼ潻ҵģĿľΪұס㣡
ͨ춦ˮ顭ʼǴֱʣʲô
а˵
ȴ˵аˣʼ治޵ôɱСӣҲû鷳ɣ
аҪɱˣʼҲֹˣԸеһ£ʼ׽ͨ춦ˡ
аˣҪǲɱˣسɴ󻼣
飬ٸңҾ
аԵʮ㣬˵ᣬ˵ʲôҲаˣҲɱ䣬㽫ˮ齻ң飬˽ᣡ
Ҫˮ飡
ڿǣûƬ̣˵ҲգҪӲˮ飬Ҳס㣬ҽˮ㣬һɱ¾
ţаȻɱ¾˵Ļģ
˾Ҫˮóȴҡͷȵȣ
СӣʲôҪ˵
аʵ
ˮ齻Ļ飬ǷҲߣ
ȻаˣѵҪô
ǽ챾۷ɱɣ
ûаڶԷ
˶ЩСҲִ̫ˣѵ֪аǺεȿֲĵô׼Źˣȴɱ飬ⲻǸԼ鷳ô
аĮ˵Сӣ˼˵ҲµĻˮǲύУ
Ҫ˵ȴǱϣ˵÷˵ѪģĻˮ齻ȥк壿
飬ÿһŶޱҪȻˮļֵǹ⿴ˮͻѾ
ͿаȻΪɵʼͷŻѡŹֻΪɱ¾Ҫ֪жãôܻΪɱ¾Ź㡣
Ҫеˮ飬ȻҲֻһҸ̨µԭˣ
ǽˮ飬ɱ飬ͬʡסаҪ飬ȴǾԲʿ
㣬Ӧ֪ԵĲ飬ңеаҲ֪ʲôּۻۣ
£ˮԲύ㣡
˵
аͫеԽԽǷŭû뵽ʱ̨׶£
ȷΪ̰ͼˮѡŹ㣬ϾҪˮ飬ֻҪɱܶᵽ
ʼ棬ʼɵԭ򣬵ǣû뵽ᶼѾͬ⽫ˮ齻СһСȴǵôߡ
Ҳ˵аˣСӼֱȻּۻۣ
˵ʵҲǵаĽɱҪ֪апɱ¾ˣûġ
յдʱĿҪһ㣬˺ѩﶼŵҪҪ֪Ƕаһ̳ɱ֣Ļ˭޷ֹ
ȴǱֵһ޾壬ɢһа𾪵֮аͫɢɱ㣬浱Ҳɱô
ҪɱҵĻһˮ飬ıô
㵭˵
ȻȻǸļһҽǲɱԺУҴ鷳
аȵСӣҲƻԽɱˣὫˮ齻㲻
ĻվʼĻҶҪɱ·
аŭա
Ȼ͵Ҫ֮ʱյȴһͳа˵Ļ浱Ҫɱô


1760 ʼĻ
ѵʼ棿
龪ȡ
аͫҲ˸âڴʱһӰȻڰ֮С
һǻͷ϶˼ϣƺаҲˡ
ʼ棬㲻Ϊ޵ֶȴУЩ棡
а˵мּɵϾԵĿɲǱˣжʢʼ棬κδ⡣
Ҫɱĵ飬УѵҪɱҵӣһҪô
ʼ浭˵
ûа㣬ƣҷҲ˵Ҫɱ㣬С츳Ϊ˴ϲܸԲһ㣬ԺԿܹ
а˵
ߺߣҵͽҲҪôúý̺ǣлǳ鷳
ʼߵ
ʼ棬㣬ѵô
ô㻹ںЩСôͷ޵飬ûлúôһ
аǷŭû뵽ʼ澹ȻڰӶûиҪʱʼȴ˵аôҲеʮǿ֮һˮ飬˼ô
ߣˮȻ㽻ģұӣǣСŰ裬Ȼ뵱ҵ潫ɱֱˡ
ڵи˶ɥ飬ҸǹڣЩҾͲ˵ˣɣ
ʼȵ
鿴аһۣƺ˵ʼ澹ȻôţȫаС
аȴЦͷʼ棬Сӽն죬ʱұ뿴ͽܵʵжôУ飬ߣ
ӰʱʧյС
ʼ濴һ㣺Сӵ첻µز£аλʮǿ֮һһҲûеֵģҪɱ㣬׾٣û뵽Ź㣬ȴҪƣĳ֣Ǻã
ҡҡͷѵΪҪˮ˫ַϣҪߣôۿɲңǲ֮Ǳɱָʵǣʲô
˵ĵɣҲ֪ɭλҪһô
ʼ˵ֽܹıɭλ˵ֻһˣڿɲֻΪԼţΪɭλϵˣ
ͷΪˣҪúñۣ֪ô
㵹һЦ
ʼҡͷεͨ춦ܣ㣬һù֮б㣬ᡭû뵽ûһ£㾹ȻֱӺɵˣڶڻɣҪУ᲻ǳ
ô
˵ۿ϶ҪȥģҪɱ
㣬㲻ҪңȥеĿľɱɣ
ʼ澪һ亹ոոаû뵽С˵ҪɱĻ
ֹа񣡡
˵
ʼҡͷСӣʱҵðɣɱа񣬻һɣĻûˣʲôȥɱ
˴ʱҲ˵ʼ棬ҪУ
ʼ濴˵Ŀ⵱Щǵͷ˵СӽǱȻģĻʵߣ
ǣаǼһʲôĳģǹڣûж֣вᣡ
˵
һԵѩҲΪ㵣ġ
ʼȴ˵ҪСӵ컯ˣѾͨ춦ڵʵУҲ̫
˵ڶûмϼǿߣУϼǿҲֻǲ̫ô
ʵ
ţϼǿڹڻһһĸ֣Уȴʲôɭλ浱ʵǿĵطǿ
ʼ˵㣬Ȼưԣǣɭλеʵ֮ǧǱޣУǲԿ
Ҳǽˮ˳㣬ʼ潻ҵģԭΪڸõı㣬ǣڿʵѳˣˮϲܷӳã
ţ
ЩĿһʼ棺ͷˮҪô
ӾͽӣҸʲô
ʼЩҿˡ
㽫ˮǳһԵѩ˵ѩīôãûдҺúù绪ɽأ
ѩ˸ѩƺЩˣǵͷţǴϣʼˣȴȥɽúߣ
ʼʱ򣬴ͷҲֻܰﵽˣúðհ
ͷСӣӾһ㾹Ȼ𱨣
Ƿһ飬ѵһῴô۹Ҳ˳ÿǼģǲ֪ôϹ۰
ƨӵҲٷ磬绪

ѩûԶɽ֮ϣ¶˵㣬ʼʹϸոյı鿴ȥЩԾ治֪һ˵Щʲô
֪ô
Ц
ôа취
ûУͷʵǿҶ޷̽ĵزͲ磬޷ƿ
ȥҽǰɣΪ飬϶ýīɵ뿪˷绪ɽ
ѹ绪ɽϸоһ˴ڣԭ߰ɣҽʶͷųȥǵܿˣ
˵˿ͻȻԭûжѩ˵ôˣ
ûֻǾã
ѩЩдĴˣҪɱ޼һֱԸɱ绪ɽý뿪˶㣬Ȼǲ۵ԼȻȴû뵽㾹ȻôĵİԼҽˣ˺ãѩ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ֻ˺ô˧
˧Ҽ˧ˣ

˺ʼ˸ڿУ˫кϧĸоʼ棬Щڣǻر˵Ŀ⣬һʼ˭Ҳû˵ջ˿˿ڣ޶£а񶼸ҽôһ۶ң
ôң
ʼĿ˵ϣȿȣᣬҲкþòȻƯ
ޣ˵ģ˶˵īɵĴŮˣ˵еϼǿߣȴû뵽ô棬ȫǰһͣ
˾㣬еʼ棬ңҲң
˵
ᣬֺο˵أȻָУҲǾȻû뵽顭
û뵽
ɫһ䣺ֻһ䣬ȻϲңҪ飬ʱչңǳʧˣֱǰʱ䴫żҪǿˮ飬һΪԶˣ


1761 
ʼһΣᣬȴҪ£ǣҲҪŪĸ飬ֻǲ뽫˺һˣ
ʲô˼ʲô뽫ҵ˺һ
ˣԼҵ֣һֱһйأǸˣһޱգԣһҲԲܰȵĶɹ
ΪʲôҺһ𣬾һһأ
ţ֮䣬Ҳһֵ
ʼ˵֪ɣк֪ܶܺһģȴֻһˣǷǳһ֣ǣҺ
˶죬ѵǾͲܳԼô
˲⡣
ܣ˵ҵǺһϢϢصģܹôҵҲͽ⿪ˣһжңҲνв֪ͨ죬Ҳ޷⿪Լ
ʼҡͷ
ôֵô˵Ǹˣɣ
ڹڽ;뿪Ϊȥ
ʼ˵ţڵһĵطʱҼʱޱį
ޱį
˵įɣϿŵȴǼΪ
ҿӲɣ
ţڹ統лһԵļһ䣬ʳߣĸ˫֮÷ļУѧѶǱ˸ĸġˣѧѺ˵Ҳ֮ǺܹŹֵ
ʼ˵Ҷû뵽һһӵһ飬ԣҲҪ죬ĵ
Ȼأ
Ȼڵȥ꣬ȴǸ磬ΪҵΪʧ٣
Ҳ죡
ҵȷ죬ǣ֮ҵûˣΪʱҾȻ֪һӿֲ
ʼ˵
ӿֲ϶ҿɲ֪
˵⺢ӣҵǼϲѩʶãȻΪ˰ѩɱ޼ԸηգǱĳЩҪǿ̫࣡
ᣬȷҶԲ㣬㱣֤һģʱҲٻرĿ⣬ֻһ仰ԸԸߣ
ʼ˵
ڱϵĻһʹʼһ٣ͷƽɧĺܣ벻ôŵ

ʶڹǼǿˣûжãҵǰɽˣѩҲǽ壬߿Ŀ⵱żֲȻ㲢Ϊʲôֱ飬Ҳȥô࣬ȵīɵ˻ص绪ɽֻһڴС
ͷˣ
ʵ
ţô᲻ã
Ц
᲻õĲӦҰɣҶûȤ
Ц
ɫ΢ŭһﶴǼǿ浣Ὣѩ
ѩңֻԽԽãİͲѿ˰ɣ
ѩӦҲǽͨ춦İɣĻʵô죡
ѩҲǵͷ
˵ѩɱ޼Ҷû뵽ģϣʼԸô
е˼ϣ
ҡҡͷ
ţӦ˵еɣ
Ҹ㣬֮иӵʱ̣㵽ʱУ

Ц֣
죬ﶼûȥֻڷ䵱׭ΪеǿߣκƣǷ׭ȴĲ֮
Ҫ뿪һ죬ѩԴɬ֪ҲûмȥһɻĿѩ˵Ҫ뿪ˣԺ󶼲˶𣿡
ţ
㲻ܶԷ
ȻܹоѩĺøУȴѩκεĸס
Ҫ֪˵ʼ涼ʦʼˣ˵ͽܣ㲻һԩ
Ŷ
ѩܿɰġŶ˺ܾãƺûúҪ˵ʲôʶĴóһֻСİܣǡҰСʱ͸ҵұ˼ҳֻܣ͸㣡
ôԺҼʱ򣬾ͻ뵽ˣ
ûйԷһƬ⣺Уѩ㣬޼ɱģҳ㱨ģȻ飬ɱ㸸ĸĻʹȻȥ죬㲻ɱܣһὫɱյֻܵʱ򣬾ҳ𱨵ʱϣδ֣ܳ
ѩ㷢ûκβõ˼ϾѩȻŮȴֿɰ֪֮ͣ󣬾͸ûаռ˵˼ˡ
ɱ飡
ѩ˵㣬㣬ǣҲϣΪұգ˵ʵɱ޼ĽѾ⿪ˣ
˵÷˵ѪȻҶ֪ǷǺˣʱҪ֣Ҫٵڵң
˵
ѩҲ˵½еķȻ˵ϺãҲûʲô캦飬һֱ÷½ɳʢ˥Ȼ½޳һѾ˥ȥɵʵ֮ǰҲһֱҺаѹƣԣ˲ҪʹһԸ飡
ͷҲǸӼᶨҪɱľģȻ鱳а

졣
а񶴸֮С
ɭ䰵һĵط֡
ʱһͷñµĹƤ޳֡
֮Գ֮ΪˣΪ˵ûκ٣û۾ӣͣݡڹ統г֣ҪܶĿѧҡ
˵ǰһǧˣϱ޴ĲΣϵ˶Ҳſ˵Ĵ˽ﶼܿһֻʮ๫ֵĺɫ򼡣
˳ӣȫѪۣ˺дһ˦Ƥϡ

ϯƽʹధ
̧ͷĿĿˣЩûнˮõַ˴ﻹǳͷҵĻᣬģҹҲ޴ˣ
û٣ȻƤȻ˦

ʹ裡
Ȼ飬ǰΪûжڱصõˮ飬аͷЩ˾ִб̵Ĺ֡
аͷӵĵطаͷҲ˵ͷãڵǺǣܶаͽܣﶼǻ˴
ñ乬ΪаκһĵӣȻҲҪõ⣡
УҲһҪһҪ𣡡
ִ


1762 㳡
Ҫɱ㣬Ϊ֪Ҫв֣òˮģӲڻᱻаͷܼ尾
˽еıӶ˵ϣЩ⣬Ϊһȴû뵽ĵȴǳһֵֻֻ߲򼣬ȥ쳣ֲ
ʲô
ȵ
˲˵ֻᰴа£Щ߲ȫŵ˵֮ϣŵϵѪζԥûԥǳ˹ȥ

鱬˵Ľ
ȻЩ߲ҧ֮Ȼȵĸоڵȴǿ˲١
벻ףѵЩ߲򼻹ǿΪɣ
ǧоԼڵȻܹѵЩǣң
ΪʼռɵаߣаȻ֪ʱ򣬿µȴֻһ
˿ǰĹˣȻץƤޣϱ޲߹ȥ
ž
ģܹˣһᱻĥ
ϱڹ⣬䡯һֱӽǧ׺飬ǰƺҪߣȴǺȵƤ޴˱ҹҪ
һƻ˾Ȼɱ
ɱˣӳҪ뿪а񶴸ȴηа׷ɱԥʱһȴǴС
ɱˣ飬ôӵֵһ
а
о˫ȶЩ˵аˣȻ˴ʼٶһǧûˮ飬Ҳ֮Уа죬ҲͨҪ㱨𣡡
ߣ˵Сʼͨ춦֣ʵͻͽôô֪ͨ춦еж٣
²֪
ͨ춦Уת̫Ͳڽŵ£̫ңҼеĻմס㣬ұؽɢ
аδ˵꣬Ǿȣа˶
С츳Ƿһᶨʼ۹ģûв´ĻӦʼѡжԸ޵δǿߣ
а˵ڡδжãҪСӵˣ٣ƾ츳Ҫʮǿ֮УԲ⣡
ʮǿߣ
鳤͡
жٸ٣ָոʽ̤еˣγ棬ȻаĻУҪΪʮǿߣƺǰ϶顣
飬츳ɾʮǿߣҲǲѣ
аˣ
𾪡
Щ߲򼣬а񶴸еط
طаˣ˼Щ߲򼣬ʵǴ̼Ǳģ
ͷ㷸˴ȻҪ˴ҹȻ츳ǿԺƱҵ֣Ҳ˵ûͨ춦֣ʵٲĻƱҪ룡
а˵
аˣ˼ǣѾˡң
ЩѹЩ߲ǵûо綾ڵǱˣʵȻһΡ
ûв´ĻӦûУ
죿ӦǸѡӵʱʼʱѰҿɽҲȷܿܣ
ͷаˣѵҪѡӵʱɱСô
ɱ
аҡҡͷҵǺȤ֪СӾᱻĸɣ
а˵˼Ҫ赶ɱˣԳ֣ʼ涼޷鷳
ȥú׼׼ɣ
ţ֪
˸ҫ۵ĸâаѾˡڵʵһΣޱҪ㱨

峿еտƣǸ泩ĺ
иѡӵӣе㳡֮ϣУһǿ߶ڿУϾмǿϢǸ󶴸еĵȨߡ
а񶴸еаҲڿУͫǲмĿ⣬ƺûпй㳡еκһˡ
һԵ˵Сƺûѵǽô
ˣǵʶˣ
а˵
аˣôһ˵ҵˣѩɽʦ޼ɽҲ޷ѰٵˣϢı£㳡֮ϣǧˣҪƾۿɴ룡

аȴ˵
һӰϿС
Ǽ˸͸Ҵˣ
ǼԺһˣ
ȻԲ츳ұҪˣ

Уÿ궼һʱ䣬и󶴸еĶѡ˽붴
׳ơޡ
ЩˣʵҲ£٣ǵʵ֮ϣϼǿ߸ǲ٣
еʵȹڣԸǿ˲ֹһΡ
ЩУ󲿷ֶеߣȻҲдӹڹģǼ
Ҫ֪Уͻǿһࡣ
Ƕ㳡УĿΪ˱ʶֻҪһôǶ֪Լٶȱضһǧ
УߵΨһ룬ǳΪʮǿ֮һ
Ϊʮǿ֮һʵϿɵΨһ
ʱѾа˱ٶѡߣֻҪǱѡеˣǱᱻ𣬷У
ɿյһ˲䣬ûбѡеˣжǳĽ
ʱѾˣҪûбѡеģֻܵȴˣ
г
ôֵܣôôûбѡҲν
ȺУһȻЩȻЩ롣
㣬ΪԼѡ񶴸㳡֪Լǡǡ㷴ˡ
ϢЩǾû취ܵڵģҲʹȻûбѡߡ
ϻǼƽ˫мй󣬲Щһţӣ
ЩУ˵ķ緶
ΪʲôûѡңҪģ
ѡУûо츳ʵûиӺõԺôʶʮǿ֮λ
˵
ȴҡͷǲѡң飬֮£Լ
㣬˵ĺҲеŶ
ȷԼЩѡǣȷû۹⣬ߺߣҲıã
Ƕʼ㡣
ȻʱһĿȴǴ֮г
û뵽СӵǱһ⣬ϿκϢ϶طˣˣӦò򵥣ЩСӣͲҪҴ˰ɣ
ǿɲУұӿϵĵӣûܹĹأ
аˣ㣬СӣȻڹ㳡ϣ
ȴ˵


1763 񶴸
㱻еǿΧۣЩڸոմͺгˣû뵽Щͦ͵鶼ó
ȻЩĿ⵱УҲаĿ⵱емּǺ㳡սһаǴżֲм
ЩŲ˼ʵ˵Ǳ㵽Ƕȥʼ˼ҵĿͷս
һ˵ȷмӣʹü˴˼ġ
ǣûгֹжעڣޱǿƵĶҪΪ֡
ܹܵԼܳһΧ˺һĽû뵽ֵţƵһȻô롭
ţһ˵ģûôපģ
Щг𺳡
ȴǱϸĸһȴǰҡͷЩʵǿǵȴֻóһԪأмµĻԪأǿˮԪءһԪأ۵ҰȻܽѣ
Сӣôλ㣬㾹Ȼ޶ԣ
ڿкȵ
ĶҲǵͷȻǾЩʶ̧١
ЩУһλȴǴЦ⣬ͷҷϵ·˼ڣûվκһˣȻ컹ûҵһӣոû㣬ȴǶЩȤˡ
ЦΪԼʲôأѵЩ½ô
ɣСӿҪǳ鷳ˣ
а˵
ңҾͱôʲô̸ҲͶأҪѡѡõǸ
㵭˵
ţƣȻҺͶ˵ֵܣ㣡
㳡е˶㾪Ϊˣֲľʵܿɹ
Ҫ֪ûһ㳡ϵˣǽӵϿյġ
ңС˵Ǿ䣬ҪѡҪѡõġֱЩĶ
˵ʲôҪѡѡõģѵǲõô
ߵ
Ѿǲʶ̧ˣǣĿˣһĿûЩˣУ˸ǿʵҪ죿
ʹ죺㣬СӲϲô콫еǿȫ֮ճ¾ǵʱʼ֮ЩҲǲֱģ
Դ˵ɣ㵹ǻȻ壬û˵ϵƣȴΧ˶ޱ𺳡
ʱʤ
˵Сӣô˵ˣôЩѡˣûһȻѡģ
дҪ֪ڵǶ޷죬㻹ΪǶô
ǰʵǶȻڳԡǵǼ

ǻĻҽĶ
ǸͷҷߺȻ˵
⼸ûѡһλӣǱΪӴԺ󶼲Ҫκεˣû뵽㾹ȻҲȤ
ţѵСʲôֵôҪ֪ʵ츳ˣɲҪһľȥʱĶжһЦˣ

аˣȻҲȤ˵ǰЩ֮꣬бɱʮͽܣҲԺٲͽô
ͷӲƣĹҲȷʵܳһʱûɵˣҲǳ״Ǽ߳ˣ
а˵Ҳλʮǿߣ潫ߣĹɲ׶Ը

ûĻȻִ㳡վԣСӣԵԸĶоȭ
ȭ
㶼Щסˡ
ʣӵżǿϢⲻͬЩֻһּΪǿƵԪء
ͷڣȴӵмΪӵ
һŻ磡
Խݰûĸ½ӭӣûУ
ȳ⣬˶ӡĹۣҪ֪ǰЩ꣬ĹʮλӣǱ˰ɱûҵǸɱ֣
ĶҲ֮Ϊ
˶š
ڿ˵С츳ã»һ
Լò㣬ȻҲ˵õ
ȴڴʱͷĶôԺҾһԱˣ
µһ˲䣬ϱһɼǿϢȻһܳɫâЩ㳡վŵġˡȫܸܵڿֲ
һ˲䣬еĸ󶴸еĶ۾û뵽㾹ȻЩ˵еٮٮߣ貵ǣ
ЩвģһѡеЩˣȻȣֵһᣡ
СӵԸҺϲߣ
ȵ
ͷʧ㳡С
˵ˣ
аͷСӽ㳡â¶ձضֿԣЩǲŹģҲȥ

Ķ
˵˵ʵϣȴһЩܸûʵĽ
Щòźܱʵ
ʦ𣡡
һֺĵӹлһף˴룬ҲЩ⡣
ţ壬㣬ԺĶеĵˣ
˵
Ҳǵͷǣʦ𣡡
壬ȴĴ䣬סһݣ
˵أ
ǣǿ϶ȥӵĶΧ䵴ȥˣ
ţȺӣ
ҡҡͷȥˣС֪֪ȭ
ߺ񶴸Ĵ߶ʵҲ󣬶Ҳһ׼ĳԻϿһף滹װһЩֵʳǺܿ񶴸еһЩ鶼㡣
񶴸еĵǸ󶴸ٵһһֻоˣĻ¾ʮˣ
˵ϲȥĵطǱӵĶΧΪȫŮΪʲô㲻ϲȥȻˣϲֺģ
ҲǷ֣ڵʵǿֻиոϼˮƽ˵Լ񶴸Ѿʮꡣ
˵ʲôʵûʲô츳Ҳ˵ѡӣƺ治츳Ը
彫ԼķУǸԻЩݣʵȴǸɾ࣬Ͽһ˿ҳķ䡣
ŴʵֻŴѵŴһֱû˯ô
Щرܣ⼸ûˣ
ô
ˣ
ҡͷƺԡ
㳡Щ˵۷׷ףҲûжʣϾԸпӣӦöǳദ
ʱҲǴһЩҲǾϲ˵㣬ʦ椻أ


1764 
ҡͷȷ椻ˣǱһ٣
Բţʦ椻ûǱ¿ɲС
ϸ
˵
ԭ⴫ʱ;ЩԾûʶϸԲŻʦּǿ顣
⣬Ȼһܡ
ʱǲʶ
ˣǱӷʲô裬ȻǾʹ򣬻˵ʲôҪ־͹ʦ壬ģ͵ǱⶴֽǼĸ
һ
壡
һú˹ȻȻӣϿո˵ĻȻ߳ȥ
Ǻܿͻصķ䣬һˣ϶ףȴЩģСʦܣҪ˵ʦ˸ǻأʦȻǴǼӳ߳ˣ
ţǴʦ¶Ƕʦףֵܣͬһ챻ʦɽĶ
¶Ҳһ顣
ʦܣʦܣʦܣȴûУӦþʮ֮һ
岻СһʦܣϾţȴЩʦֵֵһʮĳԻʦ¶Ϊ⣬ȻԼסһ̳Ͼ˳ɷˡ
ζҲȷʵò¶˵Сʦܣ̳ҿǲʮ꣬ʱҶûóȺƹҲ֪֪ҴʦֵƷζˣ
ͷû˵ʲôǱ¶ȾҪ֪ǲƼˮˣ㶼֪ԼĶдʲôʱ
¶ƷζǱⶴȺŮô
һ
¶һ˵ˣʦˣ
Ȼ̳ϾƣߣһȺѧļһֻȥⶴŮӣһ٣ɣ
ʦǱӽղ֪Ϊη쭣ǼԶԶأ
¶˵
ǿһ㣬ղȻǱΪɽĶеҪ֪ʱ˵ҪõĶ϶Ǵ̼ˣԽ½ӭ㣬ֲˬ
Ҫһ֮ˣǻҰο㱬ǿԼ츳Щǵķŭִһ㡣
¶ˣȻͳ˳Ͳ
Ůÿ¶ôɣǸϵĲ̫ɰ
˵
Сʦܣ˽ŮŶԺҪȥⶴֽͽȥˣ
¶˵
㵹ûоܾϾոսĶǺЩʦǴýĺãԸҲܲǸȽϻ֯
ûṻô
˵¶̳ƷŻȥϲ˵εģ
ʦŮ죬Ҳʮ꣬Ȼ˵ϲ˵Σ
֪̳ʲôô
Ų
¶ҡͷ
ȴ˵𣬶ʮϣ
ѽʦʲôʱô󷽣ʮóˣ
¶˵
ˣҶʶˣԺһˣ쾡Ȱɣʮ𰡣Լ᲻úһڰ
ܿƵ˵

ľŸӣȾƶȻңֵҲ
ȹҵľƣֲ֧ס
գֻʣ;ŵģ˶˵ϡ
¹Ӵ˽ھЩ̵Ļ¾һһ㣬Ϊʲô죿
ɱˣ
˵
˭
㿴һۣа񣡡
аһֱУûв´Ļ֮ǰӦڹڵģƺûֱӽĿܰɣѵΪĵ飿
ͷ
˵ôĸңѵҽȥҪ֪УаԵˣɲ࣡
ԣ㶼ɽĶѵһа񣿡
ݸһЦ
СӣǴ֪Ϊʲôѡӵʱ츳ô
ҡͷ
Ʒʱ츳Ҫɱ飬аɱҲ·߲̫Զ
˵ֻϧǰɱ̫أӦҵͽ棡
ǵôģ
ɱ
˵յӺܽȻǼСӶϲⶴеŮӣǣȥˣֻϲף츳Щӵ͵ģʮͽܣǷǳ棬ǡȴǱɱˣ
㶼֪˭ô
֪ȥɽϿĳ̶ȣʶûвʱǿŽһиˣ
оȻᡣ
׼úһأ˵ǱﰵɱʮˣضǿеǿߣѵҺܶ𣿡
ҵĳô
ҡҡͷҵɱ̫أΪ˹ֱ˵˺ܶ˲Ļɱа֮һ
аĻҵʱһˣ
˵
㣬ҵһ첻µز£츳ȷյôӵõģǣҪ׷а񣬻Ҫһκܳʱ䣡
˵
㵹ûʲôϾںˣοͨ춦֣ٶȾԻ쵽ˡ
㣬ɱ̫أһ뽫ȭ㣬ȵʲôʱʱ죬ٽȭ㣡
˵仰Ǵҡڵ뿪ˣǺһ
ȭô
һʼǱȽ˵ɱ̫أҲû̫ǿ
ڶһ磬׵˷׷׽㾪ΪˣǶ˵㣬ҵ˻찡Ķеһ¾Сˣ
Ҳ˵ûʲôһһȻ״
ѹ֣ǿʮʦѵóôõľһڵҪǿ٣ôܷŹأ
һǿ
ʶ̽ǻǿ˲µ𱾾࣬ǿҲȻġ
ĵȻ˵̱ȭǸ۴ģǸŹֵļһ
Ҳ˵ֻϧҺһ͵ȥˣǾ̫˵㣡
壬ǽ׼ȥⶴУҪҪһ𣿡

ҶЩŮûȤģ
𣿱ӿһֺС椶Ŷƨɻأ
ĿһȻ˿㣺СʦܣⶴǹȥҲãвپɫɿ
Ǹ͵ɧȻɫԴ֮ˣȺñȽ⣬ֺС椺װ
㱾ܾ׵˶һڴĿ⿴ȻˮҲֻӲͷƤӦˣȥⶴеֽҲûʲô


1765 ʦܳ
ⶴĶܽвʮӾִܵ
˵ıҲʵЩţ㽫ʶͷųȥⶴֻбﲢȻضġ
Ǳⶴصһöѩǡ
ѩǸıߵĵ
׵˺ϲûµʱ͵ֽȻƽʱҲܵĲϣֻǲҪ鷳ˡ
ǻǸӣϣƥģ֪ʲôߣƽʱǷ͵Ҳû˵ʲô
ֽ˵һ顣
ⶴ֮ǽڵģЩǽڶЩ˵СһҲͨſǽϿ龰
ʮ˶ǽڣţſЩ񹷣˵ˣ֡ҲǶȡĽ顣
ǽڣŮӶⶴġľȻлһЩӡ
ⶴɲīɣֻŮ˲ˣյȻŮӣҲһˡ
Щ˾ͳ׵Ķ
ģ㿴ǸB۾һֱűƨɣòҪˣ
٣ϹۣȻЩ˽B

ֻ˵һ仰ʦ֣˵ǸֺŮﰡ
Ҳ˵֪ҲǱûɣ壬ʦֿܻƭô
󵨣Щһѵʦ춼ûѵôȻ֪ڸģ
һŮ˷ŭ
ţһ˳ǳվһòͨŮˣȻո˵ľ
׵ϽоɫҲڸ̣СӣſŶԷܿھȻǿϷһ
Ϊʦ֣˵ֻ￴羰ˣⶴķ羰ǲѽ
ʹɫȻ·
Ůȴۼ⣬֣ݡһӰڷɽϳ֡
ЩŮЩĵǲҲвĿġ
Ǵ˿̵ĿȴǼΪŭǺ͸׵ˣ㿴ǵжڰȺǶһﰡǴⶴʱ䶼ҪĶҪϲ٣Ȼǵ˷ŭ
ʦ˵ˣҪٸһΣǾͶǲߣ
ǣЩɫǿְɣ
ʱһŮȴ֣ȵȣǸ˭ѽǰû
˵㡣
ŮҲĿ⿴ǶеһĨϲƺǴδ˧磬һŮʵҲĶģ
ţ
ͷ
׵жɻѣΪЩŮ˶ҪҪɱû뵽ǾȻȤ
ԼòȷЩ˳öô峤ÿɰһЩ˶Ǳ뺷͡
㣬ò˧ģǺⶴеŮˡ
֪˭յĵӣ㳡ܶපСӣʦ𣡡
һŮ˵
ƺ죬ҲС
ҲǱյͽܡ
츳㳡չֳԼʵЩ㣬Ҳ˼ס㡣
ΪʦŻҪ񶴸Ͼϵģ
׵˶Ŵͣû뵽ô
ףʦ֣ǴСʦ߰ɣ
Ҳǵͷ˼촿ᣬǼֵ׼羰ģû뵽ǱⶴǣˣھߣԺˣ
׼뿪
ǣⶴŮ˿ɲɵӣ׵ĻѾ챻ʦһپ˵´ˣ컹Ǵҡڵǽ֮͵
ȫǰ
ǸյŮӽ£˫㣬ƺѡ
˵ҪһΪ֤
ȻЩˣ㵹ǲﶯ֣ҿǰС椿ԼҲܲˬģ˵ǽ浹ûַʲôɣҪҪɱ𣿡
ߣȺɫǻ˼˵֪͵ǣ
һŮ˵ȻҲ㳤˧Ҫһ͵ˣô˹һ͵޷˰
Ϊʲô͵أ
ʵ
ΪΪƯ£
Ů˵
õ治Ư٣׵˶õġ
ӣǾͶ˰ҪǲƯǻῴô
ʲô˼ǣ͵ǵĹ
Ůҡͷ
ȴ˵ʦ㣬Сƽȥˣɽթĺأ㳡ԲѵҪѡʦѽ
СȻҪѡ
ʲô°û

ʦ㣬ʦǣôˣȺɫɧǣ
ʮ˷˳
ǿ˵ĿǷŭ
ţǣҲ֪ѵܸɺ²ɣ
͵ǣȻǳƯ
Ⱥеİ࣡
ǸС˺ܴȻĺһ
Ǽ˶ɫûɫļһʱ̣Ȼ
ŵװӶ˵ϣŵ˵ǵſ߰
ǽ컹ߣСӣ
ȵ
ߣѵɱǲɣ
˵
ɱǵңʮǿ֮һɱǣӲ˸ϵ
֪ͺã
͵ұⶴеʦ㣬ʦǣ񼫣Ҫȫڱⶴļ棬ܺڰʱ⣡
˵
׺ʦֵܶô찡͵ʴˣ
ߣ
˵
ߣȥﰡ˶ڣ
ʲô
ҡҡͷ
㣬ǱⶴеǿߣҶ֣ǡ
˵
ëǽⶴֽģŮ˳ƯѵǸ˿ģ
ȵ
׵类ͷһһ⻰˵ޱȣһǵԼЩ˵³᲻ҡ
٣СӣȻ˵ûô¶ģҲΪ
ȵ
ôո˭˵ɱǵģ
ȵ
ʵûа취ЩʦֵƽʱǼΪ飬ֹؼʱȴһһ£ʦףǸŮԸһѹ˵ɫûɫƷԴ㿴Ҫڹ磬ҹܻŪǱϣǶЩڵġ
ţǾȻҶ䣬㶼鲻Խıˣ
Ҳҵ˵ŵЩʱգ
۸ͷϾˣ۸ͷϣ˭
⻰ǺĲУͷ˿£Ůӣһ۾ͿˣҲǷŭȻǼ㣬аҪǽ˻ᣬСӣ˵ʦþͻῴˣ
ŭһСӣб͵͸б½ս


1766 
ǱⶴԵӵеǿߡ
ȻԵӾ٣ʵϣڱⶴŮԵӵУҲֻˮ׼
㱾Ͳʶһ˼ȻҪԼŮǰ飬ĸ磬żʵģǷڱϣһ̣۸ԼͷϣǾù
׿ƺСӵһҲ˵˵СǱⶴǿʵôҿߣû뵽㵹첻µز£ҪǽǳԲ˶ߣ
Ҳǿ׵ں˵ѵСӣΪмѪԣû뵽Ȼô£ҽսĻǾͶ뿪
ߣ
һЩŮӶߡһ
ҡҡͷ㣬ֵΣ
ңΣʲôǴ㳡ոսĶеˣڱⶴ꣬ҵΪȻִϼǿߣң˵Σ
ϼǿߣ
һԵͣ㣬մ㳡ܻڽΪΪȻϣ˵ϼǿߣһϼǿߣ֮жϼǿߣϼǿߣھϼǿߣ
Ȼϼǿߣ͸а壬ҽܣĶеĵӣⶴǽ֮ۿע⣬ǹۿ͵ҴӦ
׵ĶеĵӶ𾪵ո˵Ļû뵽ȻôŵҪСӮˣԺ󻹲ÿ춼͵ˣǹۿ
ոŹͷϸո˵ĸЩ˵ڱⶴֻѣ㲻ʲôҪ
Сʦ˵ʦ֣ҲӮСӣУ㣬ʦӮˣǵΣ
ΪʾǸ⣬ҸԸɫ࣬ǱⶴеŮǣһһڣ㿴Σ
㵭˵
Сʦʵ̫ˣ治ǣһһ֣ҾӦõʦ֣

˭ϡųҪ
Сʦ˵λʦ㣬㿴ҪСˣǾڱⶴУĥвУ
ţСʦ˵ûСʵ̫ˣʦҲͷͷˣ
Ҫұⶴеͽôĥ㣬㶼ҪԹ޻ڣ
һλʦ˵
ҡͷĥĥҲϣǶҵʲôǷֵ뷨
ޣ
ڶŮӷ׷ױ㡣
˵ʦܣǶϼǿߣұⶴеıľޱȣҪģĻ治֪ʦͣ
ʦܳһʦܣΪԺ
¶Ҳ˵
֪˵ʲôãװӸոյ˵ϣһڣ˵װ
ļ򣺡壬ľ͹ˣ
ⳡսνĶһκͱⶴ̱ӣҪ֪¶˱Ӻݺһ٣Ҳҷְ¡
Сӣһڽå͵ģ
ȵ
ȫɫĵУһָ֣㣬һɹɺŷվԭأʶ̽ԷʵȻǶϼǿߣʵϣʱʵҲǶϼǿߡ
Ҫ֪ڹڵʱ˺ͬΪϼǿߣ鱬аɻˣͨ춦гѾϼǿߵ۷״̬
ټ⼸ԼΪӵ˵ûа¶Է
֪֪ˣս㶼֪Էڲ֪Լʵ֮£һԼս
ѵŮ˵ôô
飡
ľȻȥǿĺҪ㶳ɱһ㡣
Ȼǰ㻹ȷȷıһˣ
Լû뵽һʤߵǰЦתſ۰һʤߵ̬Сʦã˵ʵұԳֺ˽սСʵǿԴԲκвǱⶴСʦõİȫģ
ΪСʦлǾĿ⣬ȴû뵽СʦǾȣ
ƺڿĺ󷽣
ĵʲôÿģһˣҵıѳô
ʦ֣㣬ûбס
˵
ʲôܣ
ͷǿĵվԭأЩƣôûӮ׼ԼŮôҪˣһأ
ţСӣոջΪҪˣû뵽ȻƵԷı
׾ȵ
нŵıЩﻹ˵Ϊһͽܣ̫û˼֮ڣҪ㸩׳Ƴ
ҡҡͷϣ㲻Դޣ
ʩչһǿĺŷûжܣȭҲʩչֱӽԷĺɢ
˵㲻˵ôѾĽˣ㵽ваֻΪֺǸСʦðɣ
ϱ鸴ӣû뵽㾹ȻԶԸѵСһʼԼһֻΪŪԼô
µ뷨֮ǲҴˣȫһһȴȻ׻⡣
˵㲻ҪԴˣˣˣɣ
㻰䣬˫ȭȻбǰȻȭɶ
Ӯˣ
׾ϲ
Ҳ˵ʦû뵽¿ⶴʲôû˵
ڵϣ˫۵ɴ󣬸ŸոշһС
ǸСʦֱţû뵽ȻôûãʦأȻҲû뵽㾹Ȼô㳡ϣûʩչȫĻʦҪˡ
ţӮˣԺĶеĵֻĹۿ͵
㵭˵
ⶴеŮȫҧ׵൱Լ˷ܣǶû뵽ݱһЩ뿪ʱȴüͷһ壬˵ߣ
ɶĹۿѽ
˵
ٲߣܾ߲ˣ
ҡͷӿҪˣ
ʲôӣ
׼
˵꣬һǴӿдĶȻұⶴҫұӵͽܣЩһҪǳԲ˶ߣ
ȻǱӴġ
ЩⶴеĵӶʦ𣡡
ƮڿУ˵ʵõǲһ£мģĿϣ˵˭˵ģ
ȻĿϣΪ㣬Ϊ֪㲻һ˰ˣܻ췽ҹ̷Ȼ츳ߡ


1767 ֮
СʦȻ˵ʦʦ֣
Щţ㣿Ȼ
Ǳˣ²֮
˵ӣս㲻Ӧսˣ
ţ
ӿһ㻹
ϽվʦЩ͵ս
СʩչֶΣӮ𣿡
˵
û뵽һ㣬æͷʦ˵ǣСʩչֶβӮңĻôսʤҰ
˵òҪֻ˵ڣոЩ˶ǿģǼˡ
ˣﲻĶݲ
˵
ǿǲߣ
˵
ͷ˵ոհܸң˶Ҫǿʶ˵ñֶӮģҲ޿κΣɣ㾿ʲô
ӵǾ˵˵챾Ѿѵļλʦˣ˭֪ǻԣȻⶴߣ㵹ǸӴ󵨣ҵӣʮˣһ뿪㣡
׵ŵðӿϼǿߣǿɲְ
һĵı飺סˣ
㣬˵ʲôסǣڿЦɣ
ѵµʶͷųȥ𣿡
Ц
񵽵һЩʲôӰͦģҪȥǲ֪ҪԶٿ
ӴʱҲüȻǸоһ˿ΣգһӰڿУͷҷȻ
һƣԴЦ⣺ӣЩͽܵǲ֪أͷܣ治֪Ϊô
Ͼƹͽܻͽܣ˸ô㣿
˵
֮д裬ֽ˫ģܱĳЩʦֽѵ˵ͽҪõĶɣ
һھƣþƣ
㣬Ͼƹˣ㽫ΪӣѾΪǸĹУǿнͽȫߣҪдĶ㣡
˵
ЦһвôûвǼ֮ǰеĶĶĵˣҲ㣬ӣ
ߣ
˶뿪
ֻܿһȥСʦ˵ʦôôô㶼ǿסǣ
ӵһۣⲻӦ飡

˻صĶ˵ʦ𣬻㼰ʱ֣ҪȻĻǱӿ϶Ҫѵһˣٺ٣
ȴǺȵһ쵽֪鷳챻һٻ֪ôΪôɺϵôʱҾѾˣ
׵˶ͷȥ
е˵ʦ𣬱˵㣬Ѿ͸ΪУǲİ
ҲĶΪеʮ󶴸֮һұҲʮǿ֮λûʲôȤǵΣ
˵
˵ǣѧղҪҵʵϼǿôͲηǱˣҲẦʦǣ
⵹ҪǱһὫȥʱĶУ㣡
˵
ʦܣ˵ĿǱĻĶƺҲûʲôôɣ
Ҳûл
˵
ͷ쿪ʼǶҪڶרΪҶ֪ʲôʱ鷳
ţʦ֪ˣҲȥⶴˣ
Ŀ⾼
㣬
˵
ͷ
һصطһյأ˵֪ʲôطô
оζӦƵĵط

˵Ķ֮أһֱûиǣĶһԭǾص׵о𣡡
ܹôЩʵ鵤ҩЩӦۺɣ
˵
鵤ҩҪ󣬲˵ĺܶԣһص׵ıأ
˵ҵʮӣҲԵ޹ʱɱģǵĿص׵ľ𣡡
ֻϧûҵǸ֣ҿ϶һһĶ
˵⼸ҵ͵£һӶûɣǲǳ¶ˣǣĳ֣Щ̲ס츳ʵҶΪ𾪣Ҳʹøҵĳ֮ĸӺݶҪ֪ɱʮӣȫ츳ܲǿߣǸͲĶ׳
Ҳ˵˻ֵģһ
ԣҸӵ㣡
˵츳ʮӻҪǿϲ٣ľַش֮ҪжһŹģ
ţ
Ҳǵͷû뵽ĶУȻһıҼΪԼ
Ҫ֪ڵʵǶϼǿߣǱӶ׻Уǿƣ档
Լ΢΢ЩģûбֳΪԼİΣ
һսʵ̫ߵѾ͸ʵǵɱҵӵ˵УҲĻΣϵӣ
˵
Цֺγ͵£ǵʱǣ׵˸ͲҺͶԷ⣬ҪִܵĻЩⶴеĵӱȻȫҪΧʱӻңҲڲѵųֵģ
ӽ쿪ʼֻ֮أ׼뿪һ
˵
Ҫҽô
ʼ磬Щ޿κΡ
ϾĶһȻҪ¡
ȻΪİȫ롣
գСӣҸҴƱȫеˣûһ˲ؽյģЩҪԼģҽҲҪչأ
˵
뿪֮أǾ㣬Ȼרо࣬ǲǴӹ磬磬ڰ磬Ȼ벻ƣžֱܹıߵľƸЩıߵľƸ㴼һЩ
ԵľƣǱ߸ңߵҪ㲻٣

˵еûһؽյģЩҪԼᣡ
ʲô
ñĻž㣬Ҳ߲ʵѵѵľ𣬱ۿƷô
Ǳ˵֮أͷðˣɲʲô֮ˣкôãǰ׳գĵط˵׻ǶԷͽܣЩǱ鵤ҩҪĶʾȻȸ־
ȻڴЩ涼̺żǿȵԽ࣬ҲԽ࣬ȻΪ֮۾Ͳˣ


1768 ѵ
а񶴸
аϣɫЩࣺ飬ҸմĶǱʲô򣿡
鹧˵аˣСӺͱӵͽܴսһԷˣ֣ҪڱⶴУ
ŶĶͱⶴϾƹʣµЩͽ츳ߣȴɫ죬ϲȥⶴӵŮͽܣ϶Ǳȥˣ
а˵
ţаˣЩҷǿͷܣİѾͼԸϾƹ
˵
ҪԸĿɲϾƹ㣡
а˵츳ˣѶʼɣӸˣ㲻ҪˣĶʲôֵǮ
ƣ
ϾƹľƣУ֮ĵһ鵤ҩҪûĸľƴѵģ
аЦô˵У˭Ķ׳Ϊ̫£ңҪĶеľѶȽûԸ
ͷʵаˣһ飬֪ʲʣ
˵޷飬طǱȻҵ֣
ʵǣǧ꣬ʮͽܣǱ˭ɱģ
ԽԽС
аҡͷ飬֪ҶǵĶбҪԻϽͣ
ţ
ͷ

ºĶͱⶴìٴеӻװӵʱ򣬱ȥ·ϣ֣ѵ壬װȫ顣
׵֪֮󣬵һûѡųǴ壬ⶴ棬׼סȺŹһ١
壬㲻Ҫ£ǰǴʦֲãǸ̫ίϴλҪСʦܳԸΣҽѵ㣬ҾҪʶ
˵
ܵϴͦӰ죬ҲǾԼǰ̫ųһ㣬Щ˵У츳ߵһΪҲִϼǿߣȻ̫ҪԸСһ
ʦ֣Ҿʦ˵ˣҪ£СʦܣΪϴε鱻ʦ˽գ֪
˵
壬㣬ҪڷŹˣԺҪˣΪĶе㶼۸ô
ð
ʦ˵öԣǰǾ̫ⶴеˣ۸ĶԺҪ㲻
ңǺʦ֤ȥⶴû˵ⶴοȶֵģǶûأ
ģСӳˣ椣Ҳݣ

Զȷǳˣ߻վŸŮӣһŮӾһӵĻǼˣʲô£վĻǳսһ
ʦֱ𼱣ʲô
ţס
׵ͷ
µСʦƺЩȻĽһֱһľ롣
ͽȻ˵£֪֪˭ˣ
˭
Щġ
ĶеǸӣҽѵһ٣ǸĶʮ꣬ȻôΪֻ֪װӣֻϧǸС㲻һ𣬷ĻһݺСһ٣
˵
±û˵ʲôȴǰҪڳĻ㻹ţֻ۸ԼΪ͵ˣ
ƺûʲô뷨ʧʦãѵһǳܵǰЩ죬Ķ˶ôŰǽѵһ
±ֱб¾ȥѵȥ¶ʲôϾʦ֣˵ʦ֣ôŽҳѵô

ҡͷҵȻһЩҪ˵£ѾⶴˣҺӴҲ࣬ʦΰ
˵ʦ˺壬չң
ţ
ͷ룬ʦöҵӡǼõģ˵ʦãʦֲǶκ˶ôõģôʦõУҲΨֻܵõϸĵչˡ
ʦ֣㵽˵ʲô
ʵ
ʦãϲ㣬Ӽһ濪ʼϲˣҾⱲӲû㣬ҵ̫ҵҪԶԶһ𣡡
˵ԼźˮȻԼٷ֮ʮ£Ƕ
²˵׷ʵʦãڿʲôأѵǲܸҸ𣿡
ʦֻ֣ǰ㵱ʦֶѣûһ𣡡
˵
ʲôʦã˵Ŀģ㾹Ȼϲңôܣ
綼ˡ
Щ֪ΪʲôôǿţȻһֱ֪ϲԼģȴû뵽ȻΪԼϲ
ǾʵһϷû뵽ӢС˧ȻᱻŮ˾ܾ˾ȣ
˵
ͬʱĶеĵȫ˳
ߣȻǣ
üͷû뵽ЩĶеĵӻͻȻ֣ǱⶴǸĻʦ𲻻Źǵģ
ģͷҪʦŻǣǸŮˣԶ㣬ǴɲŮˣ
׺ȵ
¸Ͻ˵ʦ֣ȻȥҪס
Ҳӣӳȥ˲Ѿ磬Ӳȥ

ϣڱⶴеĴдıףŵڵϣ鶼޵˳ʦһҪΪĶеЩʵ̫ˣȻֱǱⶴˣ
£ʱڶʲô
ʦ˵Щ£Ķˣ
˵
ӺȵһĲ죬ȷЩ춼ûĶеô
ʦôȥǰǱⶴĲôʦãǵʱ죬˭֪Ǿͳ㻹Ҫʦã
ӿһ£ҲǵͷҪ֮ǰѵ壬׵˾ûµġ
ϾƹͽܣԽԽˣϴҶЩͽܵǸ׺ˣȻֱⶴˡԭǰЩͺͼ飬Ȼ츳ߣǽеʱж̣κвǼû׼Ķ鷳
˵ڿĶ鷳
ĶЩ˶Ӧͺʮλͽһߣر㣡
˵
üͷһ壺ȥλǣƻҪǰʵʩˣ


1769 
֮ء
֮ϣ˾̳Щǿվ̳Щֻ̳һľƣ˱ǣ̳֮УһλڿУϳԾζͷɢɫâƺЩ
ʱ۾һ㣬Ȼվ˫ֺȭȻһȥȭ֣ΧĽƺȭ
Լȭаû뵽ô죬ÿ춼Ҫ̳ϣȻЩ𣬱ڵѾ̫࣬ټҲӾڱ۵ʵӦϼǿߣ
֮صʱֻжϼǿߵʵǶ̶գѾΡ
Ҫ֪츳ˣһΣ֪֮صľȻ츳ҲǾˣ˾д󲿷ֵ
Ǳ˱ؽգܻƲѣ㣬ȴǼ֮أûһҪ뿪ϾʵѸ١
ĽŲߵУЩһζûгֹƺҲڱչصУһγ֣ЩأЩ⣬һﲻԼľɣ
Ҫ֪Щ죬Ǻ˲ٵľ
ӵжٸ̳ӾͲѿ
Ȼأȴǳ־֮ɫոͷųǿóˮ
ЩĹͣʵһ屦ѹôප֮أ
˵
֮ȷʵһ屦һ˵Ļֻ㣬츳ЩеľŲϵЩҲụ̂
˵
أӦòֻΪ˼ҵɹɣ
˵
ţ˴֣Ѿ߸ˣǵĿĲԶҪĶ鷳
Ǵˣ
ҡͷǵԸӦúѴɣ
ϴǸһǰһ٣ǰȥⶴ
˵
⻹һΣ
Ц
һۣ⼸ϴѵʱ򣬾ҷ쭣һΣǸǴסˣȻЦóҪ֪Ҫɱı㣡
ЦΪǼǰʵ̫ˣξȻȥⶴˣûĿãţ
˵ҵǾҲӦóȥȥˣЩǲΪ˰ɣ
ȥ
ü
ˣЩҪɱңҪһֱʲôοڵʵҪǰԱûģ
˵
˵ţڵʵѧϰҵȭҲ°빦
ȭ̸ô
Щ棺ƺ֮ǰһֱ˵ɱ̫أѧ
ڣǲѧ㲻û
ȵٷϻˣֻʾһ飡

Сʱ֮
Ķ
׵˶Ҳû뵽ǰ飬Ȼ֮
ʱȺŹ˷һϣȻڶ˵ˣ֣ҪƺĶ
飬ȻҲû
Ȼѵһ٣ҲǲҪģˮڣĶӲηκζ
˵ζʦԼĶҪҲô̰ԣͲȥӻװӣҲã
޵ĳ嶯飬ЩʦֵܼĸҲǲһĺá
ûԸ壬˵ҲԣʱװӵʱҪǸԣԵֵģ
ʦ֣㲻Ҫ˵δǶзݣҲΣ
ҪʵڲУҾǱ
˵
ҪҲȥ壬һߴȥ
׺ȵ
ƿȥҪȻ˰ɣ
һ
׼˶ǾȵĺܣСʦܣôˣʦصģ
ͷ
˵СʦܣصĿɲʱֻ±ǾҪˣ
ʲô˵ʱǶ£ˣҶһ٣
Ҳ밡Сʦܣ㲻֪ʱǳȻǸŮӱףһܾˣʱˬ
˻ɫ˵
ˬ⣬ûоֳҲܸܳ
ʱĶ֮⣬ȴܹܵһɹɼǿ
ǵˣ
˵ǳȥɣ
Сʦܣûйϵʹɣ
˵
ߵĵҲͷ
ҡͷҸ׳ģʦ˵׼̳
ȻǰʦҲǾûбҪ𾴵ķбǣǰȻҪע³ƺġ
ϾĶеĵӡ
ʲôóʱ
˵
Щŵͷ
Ƕ߳ʱյУվŲеˡ
Ӿվ룬Ȼһ£ϴһĨ⣬ߵļˣʶ̽ˣȫǲǿߡ
ӦþǼλ
ߣû뵽ǾȻҳϾƹأ
˵ߣˣ̣ľмλָ
ʦҪ£ûʱдλҪʲôֱ˵ɣĴף
ͦš
㲻Ҫһû뵽֮ǰЩʦ֡ǻй;Щ˼
ʦһһﵱʱңף
ҲУϵ˶ˣ۾ϣһ߿İ̺ۡ
ϾƹȻЩӳΪǼͲҶǶô
Ӻȵ
ɢżΪŨصɫâȻҪ֡
ȻԵĴȴ˵ӣǼ˳֣УҪ˵ԴСعأϾƹȻѵǸ¾ûеô
˵˼ǣ
Ӳ³ȻͷҲ˵λΣ
ӣϾƹͽĿˣǲܽѵǣǵĵӺͬȻԣ
ŸɫñӵĲҲǵͷ˵
ľ˵ֶ˶зŹô
ͷУȫдң
ţͼˣЩˣ±ӶеĵӣǶǶ֣
ľ˵
ҲĿһ䣺ߣϾƹͽܣһЩǣϼǿߣҵĵӵУͻǵĸ֣ȻǶ֣
ףȻǴʦ֣ôϳɣҶе£֮ǰΪģ
Ӻȵ
һµŮӷ£һ
Ҳӣλʦܣȭ˴ؿڣǷģһŮˣ׻ܹӦģſʦôİɣ
ţ
ȴǴǰ


1770 ذ
ӵ˿ǰĿⶼ΢΢һ㶣Ҫ֪һǱйһıĿľҪѹ㣬Ŀֲ츳õǣ֮Ķʱж̣ڹвԼλҲǾʹա
ʱλ㣬ЩȣȻǿڵΪ磬һɼǿƣ֮㳡չֳƻҪǿϲ١
˵㣬˵ʲôͦôҪ֪µʵǱǿ̫࣬ϼǿ۷ʵɲܶԸģ
ˣҿɲҪֻͦǾǶֲ֪ͬýѵвŮô
˵ҲԺе˵Ķֻ۸Ůӣ
ŭҿɲŮӣ㣬ڱⶴʮ꣬Ȼ츳̫ǿҪԸǣ練ƣη壬ֱԣô˵ǱⶴŹô
СʦҲ˵㣬ʦ㣬ηĻҴԳսͬһУʵһŮбĽڣǣ㲻һս
Ҳ
վµԱߣ˵ʦ㣬СˣұչôãʵҲִϼ磬һ
ûбʤգΪͬΪϼǣҪľһʦ֤츳㡣
ʱ˵СʦãСӲ׶Ըˣ
ȴ˵úã£ȻСһսҲǿ£Ҹˣ
ǣʦ𣡡
µͷ
˵ʦܣΪΣŮˣӦģ
ǣǿԲ㡣
Ҫ֪Ӳɵӣǲ׵ʵɳ³ս
µʵʶ̽һϿȷϼ۷徳磬ȴƺһطܹʹʵݽϼ
ʵܶԸġ
㿴ǰ£ΪС椣ⶴĶֳջˮٺʲ
°γⶴ˶ӵбȴǳֿȭ̬Ȼ
ӵȼλСӳսҲãܿЩ־ˣԭ̤Ҳ޷ʵͻͽߣؽɱ֮У
㣬ǱһܣӵЦ
˵
ң
һЦ̫糿֣
ΪǷһ꣡
³ƣ츳ӵϵȵģҽⶴʱѾҪϼˣȻʱչֳ츳ǱȴøĿ࿴Ȼ㱻ߣҲǷ׷׼ޣҪɱ㡣
ȻȴҪ֤ӵ츳ǿһˣ
ЩһĵӸŬΪҲǽ죬ڵʵԻ
ҲԼпܻڡ
ٶ̫ˣ
ָס±ˣʩչ޷ѳȥ
ţ
һ˿֮ɫ
λҲò˼顣
Ϊ֮ǰֻչֳϼʵһΣȴϼ磬ǿʵ
ԩ޳ΣңΪһҪЩѡȨѡҵȨⱾͲìܣȴһҪң֤һ;ֻΪ׶ݣľңôң
ָһ±ϵľɶãȻȣϣǶ޷ܵǹȻ
ʦܣģ
ĶеĵӶȵ
ü£ҳսСӣ֪Ǳⶴ
˵ʦܣ£ŮҶԸ
µĶ㣬ף㻹ʸս
˵
׺ȵʲôĶһ²ȴʮ꣬ʵԵô
ߺߣʦĵӣͬҵĵӣǵıֶԵȣʵԲԵȣӾͲ֪ˣ
˵
ͷʦ֣ǰȻţضĵôң㣬Ӧսˣ
һɫâϱŷΪĵλãϹƣ˿̵ȻվڵϣȴȿеЩҪ߸ϣ׽͸
Ū飡
ȴǺȵбʣıܱɱΣһŷǰĿ·ȫҪһ㡣
ӣʤ㣬Сӵʵˣ
ܣֻǸµӣϼ磬ܣʵ£ȴӵԿϼǿߣܸСӣ˵СӶ̶̰ʱڣɲʵ

µĽΪ֮ǿܸűһϱγһ˪ˡ
رܿϱγ˪㿴Ʊܵɣ׵ȴΪ˰ѺǶ֪ʵס
ֻǻЩܵĹˣΪأ
˵
λҲǵͷ
Ȼȴ˵ǿ쿴ڵд֣
׵ҲǽĿ⿴棬ǿϻּǣȻдʲô
㣬ֻô
ߵ
㲻˵ȴĵЦݡ
µʮУɱܿ
ʱҲǿµּ
ǿ쿴дţⶴذܣ
ǰǱⶴذ֣ѵһڱܿµĽһٵýдôȲ˾̾
׵˶
ӵȼλȻ˲֮ŭ⣬ȫȻû뵽ȻȥΪ˶µĽʵϣΪڵýд֣ӣ
Сӣʵ»ǿ
ӣҪ¹СӵʵˣѾͻϼ磡
Ѿִϼˣ£ٶȣţ
һϾƹЩǲվĻٶȲôģ

¿ּҲŭӿؿڣ㣬һһ
Ը
˵
µıŷһӱͷųһϼʵ
Ȼȴǿȥʮ㣬ȭȻ˵ĲӰ֣ȭŷ
䣡
˵ĿⶼȭȻֱӽ»ȥı׺飬Ҳȭˣ͵˵ϡ
˫𺳣ٿһۣýдµּⶴذܣ
㣬жǿ
ġ


1771 ս
սʤ££ӵλӣҲʹĶеĵ嶼ӲˣȻ֪ԼʵãǣûϵǴ˿̳ġ
ǵ֣ⶴذܣ
ľס
ӾЩʧ棬Ȼһģϵı˪ȫɢȥ̶ʱղû뵽ʵȻԾ
ҵʵΣƺûκιϵɣ
˵ͽڶ࣬һϵĻ֪Ҫʲôʱɣĵȫɣ
ȫһа٣
ӾڽЦ
ֻĶ棬Ҫ
㵭˵
λҲ˵ӣȻСӷҪˣ㲻⣬ǿҪģ
ӿ˿ĵӣŵܶǼ˳
һ˸ӵ֡
ǰˣŮУȫ
˵㣬λұⶴоӢеľӢռȺۣұᣬսʤˣĶеӽѵһ¾ʹգΣ
ǰȫǰǵʵ͵Ķϼ磬ߵϼ۷徳硣
ȫǱŵĵӣҲƵӡ
˳սҲǰ˷ܣȻܻʦ㣬ҪŵʦֺܶʦǣֱΣңʦʦ㣬һԸ㣬ɱ
˸һŮˣǱⶴҪҪ
׺ȵ
ͲסҲ˶ԷǱⶴˡ
ɭĿһۣһаǿҪģԹңʵûǱ£һ˶ԵУҲУ
ǵҡͷҽ˻ܣܷʧǰ
ǻܣ㣬ôܽǻܣʧǰΣֻϧո˵ֻǿĻˣ
ӷЦˡ«ޡеŮ
ʼ磺Ըسŵ
ĿǰϣûгñеõηУһּ㣬һŵı֡
СӣģôܶԸŵǣ
а
ŵǱӵĴӣ˵ʦ𣬵ۣǽСԴҪ
ͽһжСңǼλ֤
˵
㣬ˣǰˣ
˵
˵ʦ֣˵ʦа취أսʤʼδһսЩ춼ʦؽգ˵ʦʵأ
ţôû뵽ʦʧ˺ܶ죬ʦһѵģӦ㣡
׵ͷ

ǰİˣŵܶŵϼ۷ʵܶҲѲϼ磬ŵ˵ʵԻ㣬ð˶Ը㣬˷ѱ嶴еǿߡ
ԣڿʱĿǲм
ȷȻ£³Ҳֻϼ磬ŵһκңԶĲࡣ
ŵ˵㣬㲻Ҫֻǻ¾;ұⶴˣҪҺ֣ܶ˵ĺԸˣ
ܶҲ˵ϣҺŵʦѺ󣡡
ţ
Ҳǵͷ
ޱ飬˳жһɫı˵ʵҪǿϲ٣ϼ磬ȻһɲǣϺȻΪǿҵɫâ
˶˾Ȼһ˲֮䣬ȫϹⵯɣ顯λⶴеľӢӣԸ㣬ȴûֵ֧ӣȫ޴ڵϡ
һʱ֮䣬˶ˣ
رǵϵŵܶΪĬĶһۣȫȻûдӸղŵ鵱лι˺Ȼɱ
ʵŵʿǣһеģ֤ӵϼΪ
Ȼǰ㲻һϼǿ߰ˣ̶ʱգȿֲٶȣĳ
Ǳⶴеĵӣˣ
ʼ磬ݡ
ʵʵϲûϼ磬ֻǣķ׭侪ˣڤĻǺԪصļ¿ǣټϻаҪչֳϼʵѡ
˵УҲֻŵܶϼǿߣŶв
ŵܶڸʲôǶ޷㣬ұⶴԣ
Ӻȵ
ȻҲʵ£Ȼŵܶܣɱ㣬Ҫġ
ңҲţŵܶʵ
ǣ
ŵܶгŵĿеĲмʧʱ˿̣а˼
ܶѾսΪ֪ǷĵĻŵ𺳵ͬʱ˵һ˱ˡ
ǲǱⶴеĵôôںô
˵
ŵȵ㣬಻ϼʵΪҪ㣡
ͦԼĵһЩ־塣
ҡҡͷǲµĻеıЩ
ŵֵȷЩ鲻ԽģԼȷ㣬ȫΪչֳʵظУΪͷβŵ㵽ʵ
ɵ
ȵܶʦãٶȽСӻɱʡ
ܶͷ˶ͬһʱ䳯
ϼĽ֮еĻҪǿϲ٣㶼ȫܿ
⵹ǶԸµʱ򣬱ܿͬʱŲڵ˪д֣ǴҪϷŪⶴ˰ˡ
βͬޱȼУΪв˵ĽУǾҪܵش
Ҫ֪Ȼܹ׭ԼڤĻηϼǿߣ˵ףֻǵʵ˶Ҫϲ١
ȭ
ŵ֣ܶܶʵŵҲǳһȭ
䣡
ܶʩչֵȭ׺ܶĽȭɢۿܶҪٴλȭˣŵȴһ˵ľٶ
ʦ֣ң
ܶΪŵȾȴû뵽ŵıȻֱӳȥ
׹⣬޲һ̴̽ؿڣ￼ǹܶİΣ
þܶˣܻһҲϾӾϣ
ȻŵıȴǱȭȭֵס㱾ûҪܶŮûκȤ
װȭԸܶʵҲҪ߳ŵܶҵһȭŵ
û뵽ǣŵȻһֻΪɱȫܶ
ȻǾ͹ֲñۣ
Ƿŭ


1772 ս
ܶһж͸û뵽һмѵŵʦ֣Ȼʱ̣˿İΣ
ܸܳȭٴλԼҪشģţŵȻֶζҪɱ㡣
͵ΪȭͷҪԼʱȴǾȵĿ㾹ȻȭͽȻʧȻһȭŵ
ŵеıȻȭȴЯӾ֮бŷ
һȭֱӽŵеĽȫƳ
ŵΪһܽأԷƵҲûתֱһֻϧȭʵ̫죬һȭֱӻؿڡ
ۣ
ŵѪˮһȭǧŵеıڵϡ
ŵܶվԭأȵܶôɱ
ܶûлشŵĻҡҡͷ㣬ҲĶ֣
ͬʱӵȶȫˣ˭Ҳû뵽ŵܶ־ȻĶ֣Сӵʵжǿ
Ҫ֪ŵȫϼ۷壬ƽϼʵ
㣬Ȼһȭˡ
㵹ŵĺܣȻֻϼʵĵǿ󣬷׭ѾܹʵԵִϼ磬ڻӵڤĻޱǿ󣬻ŵ֮е飡
οк֣ûʩչ
ߵŵǰż⽫°̧ʱŵһһſǰȻŭȴ޷˵ոԼͬʦöȣɱңҾǰôҶˣ
㣬㣡
ŵ֪˵ʲô
ԶܶҲǰҡͷŵʦʧ͸
󵨣㣬㾹Ȼұӵͽܣֱ
һӰƮ죬ȻӿзǱӣ
ֱըˣڣλһͬǰΪϾƹ鷳ͽȫѵһ顣
Ҫı㣬ǱΨһɱˣ
Ըܵ˱ǿŭһŮʱŴ˷ŭ飬ڷһʧҪһֱƤĹ⻬ȻǰŮҪªжª
״ǰӣѾλͽҲӦԼĳŵˣ
ʲôŵ
Ӻȵŭͷ˿ֻɱ㣬롣
˵ǻˣǱǰʧڻվǰأ
˵
ǰǿɲ˵ҪҪˣ
Ҳ˵
֮ǰԼȻȴǺȵֶλŵܶȻ˵СʹֶΣôҵͽԩ
ֶΣҵ֪ʹʲôֶΣ
˵
Ӻȵǰֻжϼ磬ڣȴϼǿߣңԼŬڶ̶̰µʱ䣬ͻͽô
ͱֶΣʲôϵ
ֱָġ
Щ壺˵ûʵλŵܶأضʹ˱ֶΣ
ǼλҲ˵ӣСӵıֶΣҪԼһУĻǽ˿ǰˣ
ɣ
˵ӣЩ׻ҪҪֻĶ½ĵӣɳ¾Ѿռˣȴû뵽ڻҪԳҪ֪һôĶ֣
Ӻȵ˵ķôٶһ죬Զ죡
ߣ֪кԳӣҿĳЫӦԳ
㵭˵
Сӣӻո˵ÿһ֣
˵гһѱѱӵĲͬɢ⣬ֱͨȻǲŹˡ
аŮһϼʵԶԸ
Ǳֻǣ㻹а㵣ǣǣԷǣȫһ˵ǿ
ʮ㣬˿Ҳǡ
ɣСӣ
Ӻȵ
еıȥϼĽͲŵܹܶģϰȥ˶ᱻ
Ҫ֪ŵܶĽֻҪ˱סȻӵĽѾתΪɱһܽɱ
ƱˣȭбŷһȻȴɻ⣬Ľ㶼ֵס
Ƕǣ
ȷѹƣ
׵ڱϿļǶŹûаϵǳͷȻڣȴǱӱ
ʦڴˣôţԳҲµݣ
Ҳ˵ʦʵ̫ˣӦöģ˵
ӮӣҪһλϼǿߣ

ڴʱȴǶܸо߶һˣȻž̳ʦ
Ǹ˵ǿһƺ«㡣
Сӣǡޡƽõľƣɲ˷
ȵ
ҲӰһӹǾƺ«Ͼһһζû˷ѡ
ͬʱȴ΢΢һȻĳ֣ͬʱһۿеļλҲǷ
ȻΪ
бսһ̳ɫĽȻʱ㣬ȴһѬģ࣬תǱܿ˫ȭܹ֪ܶⲢȭȭ
ȭˣһȭȻܹסӵĽȻЩǿøԼӱ𾪵ˡ
Ҫ֪ӿϼǿߣܹסϼǿߵĽ˵ʲô
ܶණȻԶˡ
̶̰£ӵȼλõʱǲǿѹԼʵĻӶǵǣͻ弶Ȼ񻰹вŻֵɣ
ƺабȻҪȥȻһ̣һȭȴƿӵĽһӰǰ

ĳ֣ʹǼλ΢΢üȻ֪Ѿøˡ
СӣޡζΣܲɣ
Ц
Ҳƾ䣬ʩչȭʱ˱ǰѵ״ֵ̬סӽһȭȭ
Ϊĺָ糣ҡҡͷ϶õľƣ㻹˽ذ
Щ죬ȱ˾֮أ⡮ޡȴǲУȻ˽ؾƣֲҪرȥΪҪ̳͸ǰļλԻⳡԹڿͲġ
ѵҪͱǴսһҪ˼
㰵뵽


1773 
˵ϾƹãµŹͽܵ飬Ҳи˶ϵģĻ⼸λǾԲݵģ
Źô飬ҪĻôͽ֮ǰŹͽ飬أ
Ц
֮ǰŹ壿
жĪȡ
ԼûиľھȻô˵ĶҰǿЦ
ȵ
ӵһûй飡
ŵȫͷð亹ûûй
֪Ϊ֮ҲֻܵϣĻӻһ鶼ϣ
壡
˵
ʦ𣬵ڰ͵Ϯңֱϻһ˺ۣ
彫˺˳
ûУʦҴûд
ִʦã˵˵ǳҵİ
ȴûпڡ
ʶ£Ѿôһˣȴ˵Ͼƹͽ˵ͽܴһ٣ͽȴҲ˵ûУ飬˭ʵൽΣ
Ĭ
ȴ˵ܼ򵥣ͽϲôȻ±ףȻһе඼֪£Ȼֻ뽲ЩĵĻˣ
ʵ£֮£һȥˣң嵽ǲˣ
ºµΣæ˵ʦһжʦһԸұףҴδϲһֱҵģ壬ȷʦˣ
ʦã㣬Ȼң
Ȼ
ͺñǱεˣͱһ
ǣҪ֪ҲǽⶴûãͲӵƢոմǼ±ӹԲ˵ġ
ʵǴľһ㣬ȻӸոҪ˵ٻ
˵Ѿˮʯˣӣ㻹ʲô˵
ʱλҲǸҡͷȫû뵽飬Ȼȶִ壬еĺ汻ŹҿΪ飬ҪѹϾƹȻף
ˣߣ
ߣ
ӰһڱǰĶʲô߱ô
Ͼƹ飬ȷûвڲˣȻҪߣ
ľ˵
Ҳ˵Ͼƹ㲻ҪŮ˼ƽϰɣ⴫ȥɲ̫
ߺߣȥô˶ԳҪѵҵĵˣҺŮ˶֣ƺҲûʲôɣ
ȵ
ҪͬҶ֣
ɷһƬλ
ҲЦһҲЩûˣӣһȭɣ
ޱη壬֪ǰЩѾеʮǿ֮һˣһȭӸҳܡ
ȻλҲǽȻҪӵסϾƹһ
䣡
һȭӴ·ЯɽӰƣǱеıûͷųȥվԭأŵЩ㶡
λҲһ֣ȻϵȭȻҲûнȭ׵ס
Ƕɳȥ
𺳣
ʵ̫ˣ
ϼʵλֻȱӸǿ
Ȼȴһȭ⼸ǿߣȫˣ
ʵ΢΢ЩȣҪ֪һֱʵȴ̽ɲ⣬ȴû뵽Ȼһ˽λˣ
Ǽλȫţûм֣뵽ʵȻڷٵţ
ʵǶԼѡͱһԸһΪ³ç飡
⼸ĵҲǼ䰵ȻʦǿƣȻʮ㣬֮Ȼ
ߣֻһ䣬ǷծҪģͽܵһˮʯ
ȵ
Ƕ붴Ҳ𺳲ѡ
رǱӣΪӣҪ֪ԭѾˣ콫ǿɱ׼
ݣ
һӰӿ¡
ӵȼλ΢΢һаĵӣ
飡
˵仰ͬʱ
ǹ⽫ĶУΪͷһۣȴû뵽ûһ£ֱ뿪
صУ׵˶Ǵ㣬ǵĿûаα˼Ϊ˳ϿңҲѡͽܵı׼֮һ
˵㣬ԽԽӵģ
ţȻѾˣôаǱȻ
˵
аҲĳˣ
˵
ǲ飬ҵţ벻һֱ鰵жţҪֽ֮ɱ
ӽ㶯ɱģ
˵ǰǳѪҲУ
ʦҪǱӵĻһҪıⶴȫˣ
˵
Щ񶼼ΪţҲǰԼȫ˵
˵ʦ֣ʦ˵ˣֻһˣ϶˲ģ
˵Ĳʦһȫģ
˵㣬ҪרעʵΪٹãܿУһѪȷ統У
ʦʦڵʵ׵˼ϼˣ
Ҳ¿϶ǣҪȻסӵĽģ
ֻϼ磬ռʵ̫󣬺պĳɾͣ
˵
ֻǣ
׵š
ǵʱ򣬾ѾԵסǵıӡ
Ҫ֪ȵӵǵʵôźεȿֲ

ⶴ
ºԼûܵӵĳͷǱ˺ݺݵƣȫͨһƬ
ʵϣӲǲ£ûʱ䣬ΪⶴӭһλرĿˡ
аĵӣ顣
ҲУֵļΪȻܵĳ̬۵ס
飬˵аպþĶûа񵽵ʲô飿
ʵ
˵ʦǰ˽ı
ı
˵ǵȻ֪Ͼƹͽ𣿡
һ㣬ӶЩҧ
Ҫ֪ôҲ벻㾹ȻܹסĽ
ûô򵥣ֻôӵɫĵӣ
飬˵ʲô
ĺ̨ʼ棡
˵
ʼ棿ôܣȷ˵ģ
ǧȷӵʼͨ춦ĻΪʵпôѸôȫ죡
˵
ͨ춦
λǻȻѹ֣СӽѸ٣ԭӵʼͨ춦ͨ춦п֣СӾȻܹΪģţ
ʼСӵĺ̨ڿϾƹͽܣһ£Сǳɳһλʮǿ֮һʱϾƹľ֮أҶҪˣ
˵


1774 
Ͼƹľ֮أΪĽݾЩĵطɳĶٶһλʮǿߣǸͲҪ֮ˣôŬҲ
˵
ǣϾƹʮǿ֮һҲĶ֣ôܶԸ㣿
һȭǼλ֮ƿʵԶǾҪ֮أ㡣
λڳ˼
ȴ˵λ跳գҪԸ㣬ҵа취
а취
λȣаֵĻ˵ܶԸ񣡡
Ȼ˵Ĳʦ֣ǣЩʱձʼټʮǿһ£ȻҲҪǰӦöòҶ˵˰ɣ
˵
Уʼȷʮǿ޵飬ǸʱĶضڷߺߣȻǻвǼλʱҪնɱ׾٣
˵
Ҳǵͷ飬֪ǲа˼
ţȷʦ˼
ͷ
֮аֺ֣εĿȻĶ
ꣿʮλͽܣаıɱģȻ
а

ڸ뿪Ķֽ֮˱չ״̬
һոһգȫڱչصУȫ緢顣
ҲķԸϾӣɳصĸࡣ
Щ쵱Уھ֮ƣһͨ춦һΡ
Ĵνͨ춦ǰεռҪӵĶ࣬պͻ棬ͨ춦г֮ΪҲǵִϼ硣
ϼϼȼ
ڵϣ˫֮ϵѾһ̳ûˣЩɻ󣺡ϴαչصʱ񶼻Ὣ֮еȻ棬ܹܵĴڣһΣȴһζδ֣
ѵҲڱչزɣ
㰵ҡͷ׼뿪֮أʶͷųȥɫȴȻһ䣺Ǳǣ
Сأ
ѱĶҲСӵ䣡
ӣҪżϾƹѾʼ֮£һʱᶨȻǻزģǾûҵСӣ֮еľȫߣʱҲ㹻

üͷ֮ؿһ磬ЩһʱûҵҲôôĽĶ
ţո˵ʼ֮£ѵǾҪᣬԸô
㰵
ʶҲѾĶУŵĸʬ¶һλӡ
һŭЩȻɱǣ
ȻĶûжãЩʦ֡ǵԸϲҲϲǴһƬȴû뵽ǾȻ¶һλʦ֡ɱˡ
ҵˣ磬ֽƿִ֮ܵأ
洫˵
˫ŭȴ֪Ƿŭûаôʱ̣һҪ
ǵУˣľǰϼǿߣϼǿߣˣֻڵʵǿӦоȻһλϼ۷ǿߣʵѾ˾ϼıԵԶԸ
㰵֮صеĺþƲҲˣǽҲòκκô
֮صĺŸ֪ңʱ뿪֮أб
մӺ뿪
֮أǽ뼸ˡ
ǶеĶ
һˣӣˣľһλӣҲǵʵǿһˣϼǿߵıԵʵǷ
Ǿ֮أǿľ
ӼЩܹڵɱ鵤ҩ
ףЩ̳ǿյģô£Ȼֻм̳ǳϾƣ
ôܣԵУ֮е֮ģôֻʣ¼̳Ͼƣ
ѵϾƹʲ󣿵Ѿʼٻˣ֪ʱô֪ǻǿľ֮أ㣬Сӵȥˣ
˶ӵɻ
Ӵʱȴ˵ĳûв´ĻСӷž֮أǽʱȴǴһܵ뿪
棿
ʵ
ţȻ޷ܵСӵϢĳ˵ıȴޱȣӲҵ׷٣
˵
ǺãҪ֪飬һ֪Ͼƹʱ򡭡
һ
Ҳ˵СӲڵĻ֤ݣǰһϾƹҲκڣСӾȻˣ
߰ɣ֮ѾûκμֵҪһнҳɱڣ
˵

֮վĶ֮⣬ʱ׵ҲǸպûƸףƸ׵ľЦݡ
˵ʦܣˣʦϴ˵֮еҪˣԼҪʼ޵飬ϾƣǰȥɳǽһЩεȵȻЩ̺ǺܷḻҲһľҪǿϲ٣
㣬ô˵ˣ¶ͶСأôû
˵
ȥ˼죿
ʵ
ɳǺԶЩεȵҲҪƴʦƣȻҪѲʱ䣬һ죡
˵
뿪ˣĻһѣ
ѣ
ƺ뵽ʲô㣬ҵܵأ
㲻˵
׽еľƸ׷£ĶһȦҲûҵ׺ͶԵ䡣
㣬أ
¶
˵ˣ
ôܣģ㣬ʦֶƭСӣԵģ
ʦܣ¶ʦֺͶʦֵȥˣ
ʵ
ظһ飺ˣɱˣ
󣬵Ӷ
ܵģҵܵģ
ҡͷš
ʬ嶼ñˣ
˵
˵ΪҪɱҵܵܣΪΣ
ǰǾѾˣǵĿǾ֮أ
˵
֮أ
ֶĶʦ֣ɱⶴǱӱ
׻Щҽ¶˵ʵϥڵϣ
ȻʱһȴǴӿдߺߣһȺϣҲʦֵܱôǿЦЦ
˭
ȵ
ҲǿУзŭǵ鵱еλϼ۷ǿߣɱ˵飬ȻҲв룡
˿һ㣺Сӣ㵱ܵĿ죬ĳ˱ȴͨҾ֪һˣôɣ


1775 ɱ
ӣӶĶǰʮǿ֮սУҲǲμˣȴǱʦܣһֱĶģҲйϵĵʮһλǿߣ
˵
׺ȵӣɱҵܵܣ߱ʦܣҽҪƴ
ƴʲôʲôƴ
ЦĿ⵱иûףֻɱ㡣
Ȼɱ֮ȻҲˣĻȻ¶Ȼɱ֮ǵ񣬵Ȼûʵ
׾ҪȥǱ㰴סɣڱչأɱ¶Ͷԣȷʵûмʱ֣ˣһҪȫնɱĻҽεģ
Ҳ֪ԼûɱӣҲǵͷ
Ͽգһ˿ĮŨɱ⣬֮ǰҲΪ¶ͶԱ𣬵ǽ첻ͬ
쵱Уһνͨ춦УȻ޾գƾű㾹Ȼһһͦȥˣͨ춦гѾϼ磬Ȼϻвٲ࣬ȴżǿնɱӡ
ϼʱѾԻϼ۷徳ŵҲӡ
Сӣʵ٣Ǿ֮еľƶǱһ˺ȹˣߣ
˵νЩѾȫ͸ѪҺУֻҪҽɱˣѪȫȹ⣬֮еľƲĳ˵ô
ҲҪб½ɱ
Į
һ䣬ĵһҳӣӶĶžǺƷһƻӶĵг֡
ΪӶеĶǺƷѾ۷켶ͨǿʩչǺƷĵֻһСϪ֣ĵУȴӿ
ӿĽڿкҶʱҪûС
ʦܣСģǺƷ
ǺƷΣ֮ͨ춦еľ˻Ҫһȼ
ȵ
˫ȭһ㳯ǽȥ
ӶЩ㾹Ȼ˿رܣٴμӴǺŵĽ˴ʱһ޴ˮӿĳš
Ȼ䡯һеĽȻƣ
һƬȣҪ֪Ȼ޷ܳʵжǿǸݱԣһ֮ǰҲֻ಻ǵʵôڶ̶ʱյУʵٴͻͽǽ֮еоһҲһô찡
Ҫ֪쵱УϼϵǿѣǵһҪʮʱ䣬⻹츳õˣ츳ģһпֻǡ
Ȼ㣬һ½ʵô죬ȻӴоȡ
ߣСӣֻаϼ磬ĳ˿ǾҪ˾ϼıԵʲôҶ
۲Ҫ㶷ΪܿҪˣ
ȵ
ȭȻ֮ȻһȭȴǱɵֵסʹһȭڤĻ
ϾҲǣȴǰ۷壬߲˼ȼ
ȭֵסǲ֪ȭֵסô
ʩչȭȭܹȭʮȭȴܹٱ
ȭɱС
Ȼ޾ƣѽˡ޺ľ硣
ǺƷ
һֱһƻȥްܿ˫ȭȻ·һӻȥ
ɫ԰ף䡯һȻĵɶ
ôܣܵģĳйϵĵʮһλǿߣ㲻ܻҵģ
˵ĹӺߣǱ۾ȽıӴ
һȭ

űӣһȭȻֱӽıȫӶѪ˫Уǿ־֮ɫ
ȵɱʮλͽܵУ㣬ӣˣľкˣ
ûûˣ
ʹ˵
˵ʵ
ȵ
ĳҪ˵ʵϷŹң
ĳˣ
һȥɣ
һȭӻɱڿУΪвô㣬ѵ˲֪
׵˿㽫ӻɱǶһּļףʧȥ׵ܵܣıȴȻʹࡣ
˶ס㣺㣬ʦʼ뿪죬֪ʱΪʦ֣ѪӦԼȥ츳̫ʵ˵Ǵ˺ľӵ½Ҳǣ㣬͸ĶĸģҵܵܺͶԲЩУǻɱʮʦ֣ܵұˣԣ
Ҳ˵㣬Ϊʦֵܱ𣬾ֻܿˣҪǸ㣬ֻ׸ѣ
ǷģǲǵʦֵܣҲģǰѾ֪ǵıͨ춦пգҽջҪĶЩĶԹҲǸǺú˽һˣ
˵ʣıӣˣľûзУҲǱǷк֣
к֣
嶼һȡ
ΣȥⶴһʵŪ
˵

ⶴ
ӣλ
ӣԼľǶЩѵʵЩ¡
ʲô
ȻһˣǼλ֡
аٴΰǡ
ǧ֮⣬ŵСϵζһܸǺϢģλõǣ
˵
ѾȥˣϢĻҲӦ֪ͨˣڣѾʧˣ
⵽ʲôܾЩûмƻõӦ÷Сߣʱ׷ȥпܣ
¶дˣΪСӾܵԶҲа취׷鵽û뵽ȥȻûаϢǵйϵĵʮһˣ֣Ȼֻ·һ
˵
ԸˣԸˣֻҪܹҾͲٵˣ
ľ˵
ߣǸɵɥ캦飬ĵı֪ô
һӱⶴеĹ洫
д졣
ǡ
ʲôСӣȻûвô
˵ǼһﲻףĻĶͽɱˣСﻹܻ죬ȻıǧֻǴţưˣ
ߣȥ
ӣǵǣΪһǰĽһº󣬲֪С˶ʵ
ݣ
һڲŵĽȴǴ˽
ֱڴбǰ棬˶ȣﵽʲôСڹŪô
򿪱ǣ
ӽд򿪣˾ȣǽеУȻӵͷ­Ѫ죡


1776 
ຣ
֮һ
Ҫɭλ棬ֻܴӿຣнС
һʯ̨֮ϣŲߣһ⣬еʮǿߡ
Ȼʼ治УĿ΢΢Щ⣬ûп˵
ҲڵУѯʵѾִˣں֮Ҳǻɱ˲ޣҲǴ̽ЩϢΪ㻹ǳ
ʼҡҡͷаĪʧˣǵ޵ؼʱ̣Ȼʧˣ
ʧô˵̽ô
ҵʶѸǻصУ
ʼ濴Щǣ֪ʲô龹ȻñȶԸ޻Ҫ鷳
Уʼ棬ҲҪ̻ȥһˣ
ΪΣϾƹʮǿߵеǿߣа뿪ˣսʧأ
ʼ棬ҲҵЩǣǰҾΪǲĶУΪ֮ʹѣǰЩӺͼλĶҪԸµĵӣҾûô򵥡
˵
ϾƹѵΪ֮аΪô
ǿʵ
ӣʼȴ˵ϾƹȻȥɣҲֳһһͬǰ
ʼҲȥ
Щ⡣
ţµĵӺĴԨԴģ츳ҪǿΪر𣬾ȥ
ʼ˵
ʱʯ̨ΧżɫЩ̫Ծ⼸˶аĪϵȻҲһЩ飬ʱ鷳

ⶴ
жǳԼ־壺ͷ­ҿȥûбãѶСӸɵģ
ǰϼ۷ǿߣϵеʮһˣҲ֪ôܻɱģ
˵
ľʹҲҡͷЩԥǱöȥģһʱ̣ȴЩη壡
ӲɱĻã˾úɱ㲻ѣǱɱô׶༪٣һ֮
ʱӴнһˣа飬Щ־壬Ȼ򶨣λαǣ
飬ҪǱɱ˺Ҳ֣֪
Ƿɱǻһ֪½Ƿ磿οʦѾʶ֪ңջɱ㣡
˵
аɱ㣿⡭ô
Ȼ飬ѵǻΪʦƭλô
ȻһЦ
ȴҲЩǣҪ֪ڹڵУѾ㳬죬аطǱʱΪѾõ˷ٵڳӣϼ۷徳磬ǵӾǱɱĻʵԳϼ۷壬Ҫӵʵ
ֻӵͷ­ѾηôҪ˲֪ǼĪΪǲҳĻ۱ɱȥɣ
Į
㣬̫
Ӻȵ
аǺαȥ
ӲɱҪʬΣ
ȵ
յУȭһ֮ȻⶴеĽ
䣡
ȻǼ㳹׺١
ȻҲɱ޹ǼУ㶼ʶֻ̽ǱⶴеıͲ񷿣̡
⼸֮󣬱ⶴеȫ˳һš
ȺпЩĿſе㣬±㿴ɴҪ
㣿
ƵһӴӵϱУӸˣ沿Ӳʱǰľ㣬˴ŹҰҺҲûʲôްһ
Ź㣿˵ΪһŮ˷Ҫսң֮͵͵ѵһ٣ϵİɣ
ȻһЦ
ܵǰδеĿ־壬ڵʵʦ֮Ŀֲ뷨ȫڲҴˣ㣬ҴˣҵʱҲӦΪһŮ˾Ϊ㣬Ӧã
ٺ٣ֻϧ֪ˣ
һƻ
ȫѣѪڿ쮽
㣬㾹Ȼǰҵɱɣ
Ӻȵ
㿴ǰӣľˣ飬ĸȫ֣
Ǵһ齫һһû١
ˣҪɱļһ
ŭô㽫ĶеĵɱʱǷ뵽ʱأ
˵
Ǹ˵֮ص䶼˵֪УûãĻͳͳҪɱΣ֮£Ҳֻһֻ֪ҪǽɱȻڹߣֻûеõҪİˣ
˵
ӣҪϻˣɱʡҹζ࣡
ľ˵
бսȵ㣬ӵҪʱյʵ˺־أ
ǾԸ
ӳ˹ȥбһŷɱ⣬һǰͬɱŨΪ㲻ʳѰ
Ҫڴʱɱ㣬޾
ȻǳɱĿӵʱȴǴӵпţأͬɱݺᡣ
һΣ㵲±һһΣûôˣ
Ȼиո仰һƻǵֱ֮гתĿ⵱𺳣ǾĿ㽫ǵ
飡
ӱǵĵɶѪƮ
ĿܱӵһĻѪڵΣΪǹһţǱ޵֮ǰʹûһȻǰʱ򣬾ȻԷԾٶţҲ֪Ǳȸֵһᣡ
ʼɣ
Լޱȶʼ㣬ѾﵽһֳտĵزҪɱ㣬Ҫɱչҫٹš
аطǱϼ۷ǿߣȱӻҪǿ󣬵û뵽㿴ȥȴǸǿ
ߵһޱȽݾĵ·Ȼûٶȿ죡
սȭͷЩ֪롣
ľʹû뵽㾹ȻѴ֮ǽӻܣһֲۣܽɱ
Ҳ£ĵг׼ɱ
ǰϼǿߣȱҪǿһΣֻƾ㱾ȻӦϾȰϼ۷ǿ߶նɱˣ˿ҪԸˣȻһĿУ
ƥѵΪӲǱɱôȻͱһ޴
ʲôӾȻɱ
ôܣСһƣ
ǣ
һֱȭȭЯ޷ֵסȭֱӽͬʱɣǿѪգȫˣȻǺͱһ˲ѡ


1777 ٰ
û뵽ûУٱⶴеĵӴûΪ
»ڵϿ㽫ɱȻǲ˼Ľӻܣ֮ľʹûеסһУҲǾܡ
飬ʵϱӸӣҲΪ㳡ϱɽⶴеһ죬ſʼԼȽϵġ
츳㣬ԲԴӺһսȴ֪Լ֮Ĳࡣ
Ȼǳս֮ȴû뵽̶գʵȻѾȵز츳Ҳ۷ѡ
ۣ
ӣľˣȫشѪ硣
˶û뵽㾹ȻĽɱǰʵܻȻ
ҪСˣû뵽
˵
Ȼѭƶбֻʱδˣ
ľ̾ϢһҪΪΪˣ
Ҳ˵ֻϧǵʲôûеõʲôûõ
֪ˣαص꣬ɱʮλͽܣǣкˣ
ȵ
кˣһǲˣ
ȻִԲ
ֶû˵Ϊǲ𣬺ߣǷ̫Сң
ʮǿ֮һΪǶôҪ֪ʮǿߣȫǾϼ֮ϣ޷
Цƺ˵о١
ȵʮǿ֮һô˭
˭㲻Ҫ֪㣬˽죬УĴڣ
ȴڴʱ˵
ãа񶴸ϣǱûв´Ļλʮǿ֮һа񣡡
㣬ʦΣΪôʮǿ֮ףҪǿ٣޷
鷴
ȵôҵĶԹھ˽°ɣ
ֻҪ֪аͲη壬ǶԷʮǿ֮Σ֮ǰ˭뵽ʱὫɱӵȫش
漣ܹǴģûʲôǱ޷쵽ġ
£һսҪġ
ûģ޷ܵ㵽ĲΣȴܹ֪ԷѾϼ۷Σ֮Լľ绹ҪǿһЩҶԷаӣ±ҪӦ
һֱûг֣ȴаĸͽӦҲ򵥣
аһ׿ǱĶطӦֺܵôĻھӵϼ
˵
ĽҲ㣬֮仹еһսҲ԰ʱ䣬ȵаɣ
һҪ
ʱҲȻ֣ĵ͸һɻ棬л
ʱڿģ㻹Ǽ¡
ȻҲӵһˮ飬ȴûóܾûбҪ
飡
λһ۱㿴еĹ档
˵С飬Ȼӵл飬㻹һܹʤ
ʱȴǸоɭĿһۣң¼֡
һ̣ɭĿûٿĻӶ֪ԼҪµʱ
鳯˹ȥȷˣеĻȥȴǻȭͬˣЯڤĻһȭȻʹЩֵסĸܡ
òûбɳȥ
Ҳڣ㣬ҲΪʵǿ˺ֵز»ɱӶżɷУĻôĶ֡
飬㲻Ҫ˵̫磬ű۲ֻʩչĻ³һԣۻȰ㽫а㸽壬Ļúܿ죡
˵
ʲô
ķ·ܲ㷴벻ոǷ棬ʩչʮ¸ոشҾȻдûʩչаͺԵУҪ֪СӿǻɱӵĿֲô
㣬ò˵ʵҵУһа壬㽫ҵĶ֣
ߺߣ˵ûаյĻȻ˵ôţڱ۵ȭͷ£㻹ʲô˵ģ
ȵ
㲻мֱаͱضžԵĻܶԷдΪʵȴǽ鿴һ
֪֪ˣս
ǼаҲҪɱ
ĴźɫϢа壬վ֮Уɫսһ㣬ʱλһȣû뵽龹Ȼܹӵа
ǣ֪ΪʲôоȻΪ㣬һŵĸоͺѾȫϿһ㡣
ɣ㣬Ҫģ
ȵ
ĵʱʵԱ˰ϼ۷״̬ԿǺƥеʵ
ɫȼƺһ̣Ҫȼһ㡣
Ȼ㣬ȴȻڿУ͸һɼǿţûаηԷ
ʱĵҲǳһĨɫ棬֮ϸŵȥֲ·Żذ
λоȣΪֻǿȭȫǻûпĵеֲֿĻ棡
ĵеĻ棬ȥеħ滹Ҫֲ
˶Ƿ˹ȥ
еĻȻײһ顣
䣡
һ̣Ϊ֮Ķһ£еϼȫȫɢ
˭ʤˣ
λȻϣ飬ǵǿյУȻȻվУǽԷųĿ⡣
ӿ׹䣬һŻһ㣬ԭҪһƻɱģаΪһŻ׹䣬Ѿشʱ׹䵽λԡ
źѪܵеĴˣһʱǾ޷ⴴ˻ָõġ
һʼɱĺʧһɶȡ֮ǲԼʲôʱҪ
δ֪֮˾
㾲ڿУû̻ɱ˵˼
ڸʲôô
˵
С̫ˣǺĵˣӣǲǾ֮أղ³ϾǼ飬񲻿֪ģ
ڵãҵƿСУ
˵Ĳ֪˺αصֻϧЩ飬ֻһ̣ͨ
ľҡҡͷƺЩ󳹴
Ȼʱȴ΢΢һվˣ


1778 ս
飬ʶбѾܵаĳ֣
ֻʱаⶴһ·̣Ҳߵ״
ûκκúµģûѡ룬Ͼھ֮أΪ˸ѾһΣ죬ͨ춦жɹ
һΣ벻ˣаӣλضǱűɱԼͷģʹԼϢҲԻᱻ֡
ʮǿ֮ףʱڽʵܹ֪ǿ
Ҫ֪׾ٱǽһλսеˣϼ۷徳ǿߣʵѾԶˡ
һӰվյУǻƳһ㣬һμаķȴвͬ
ʱаӰ͵۾ȥ飡
ǴʱаȴǱȻȥɭǺεаɢһּǿϢ
˾
аˣ
һ
λҲǾþˣû뵽·תаˣоˡ
ߣطϼ۷徳磬ټҵаӣȻĶ֣飬Ҷʧ͸
аˣʵǿţӶɱҲĶ֣Ҳпԭ
пԭôҿɲ˷ôԴһϣԣ롭
аû˵ꡣ
һƻ

쮳ѪҺȻɱˡ
㣬ұһ鷳㵹鷳
а˵
ҡҡͷ˵Ҫɱ飬㣬ҲܰҴͣ
ôĿҪ֪վ˭ǰУʮǿеǿߣǿԺʼһս㾹Ȼûаη壬Ǻ
аЦ
ҲЦʮǿеǿߣԺʼһս뱾ۺθɣҪĻٶȵ㣬ۿɲѴ࣡
аоǺâɱӺ飬ʵѾǰϼ۷徳磬治֪Ĳǰģ
ĪһЦȴϵСԵСҲǴӳ˯ѣϾѾȥµʱˣϴҪԸа찡ʼ涼ЩɵļһʵĿǰܶԸģ
ûоұ·ôΪھаȻҼɱĿǰȻ֣
⡭ϴȻŲ֮ǱܵشԺҪͷָʵѣ
ܱ˺ãֻҪлᱨ𣬶ңӱʮ꣬꣬ǧ궼
˵
ȴǲʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬ôҶ˼ϧǾҪ֪ϧһƽȲôã
£ȴǲ̫࣬ʹԵʮǿеλȻ벻սܣ
飬һʼԵУȻóǿûдȻѪ񵶣ڵأѪ񵶾źεȵĿֲ
λڵ֮ϲȫȻû뵽㣬ȻȻǶǼаǰȻһֵһᣬʵĲаĶ֡
һսȴ˶Ǿ塣
ţȻѪ񵶣ȻУѪ񵶵еĹŻѿῴˣҲ鷳Ͼʵ̫ԶֻҪὫɱڵѪȫôôаܵõ֮صеˣҵôû뵽İ취
а˵
Ѫаѹ־ΪԭŻɱ㣬Ϊǣ
λ˵
Ϊ츳Ǳ֮صаٷ֮ʮϵľȫǿ֮صе̺󲿷ֶա
ֻҪѪҺ൱ӵһ֮صеıأȻں츳ѪҺ˷ܡ
Ӻа뷨һģʵ޷ɱ㣬Ծ뵽Ȱ취Ҳ޷ʵʩ
û˵ѪȻаһӣǿ־ĵ˳ȥһ˺һȻа޾壬ǴЦ⣬Ȼܹʵ𺳣ǣʵĲԶĵгһ֣־Ȼȥ
䣡
Ѫ񵶵лȥȻȫɣֲ˹ڿж𺳡
ϴаĺڰ־壬ܶԸģ
ǶԸΣѵڣӱô
ЦҲӦ׳ҵɣ
ϴʵ̫ǿˣˣҲûʲô˵ģʮһúҡСܹҵң
ɿ飬ѵʱɲģ
Ϊһ˽㡭
ȵȣȻǡоˣ
ĽʶͷųȥȻӦȻʼ棡
һʱأȻҲа
аҲǸڿУƺ㻹Ҫ֪ʼĽ١
аݾȻԴһλʵ̫ʧݣ
ӰڿС
ǵĳ֣λ۾Ҫ͹ˣϾƹʼ棬ǾȻҲˣⳡսԤϣ
аʮǿ֮ףϾƹǵλʼ棬ѳʮǿߵУֻһ˶սаʤԤϣ
λǷսϾǵϢϢأĹؼʱ̣ǾԲܷκһϣ
Ͼƹʼ棬û뵽ôܷӦҪɱ㣬Щ鷳
а˵
ʼҡͷڼ㾹ȻҪɱ㣬֪˵ʲôô
ʲô
ѣ
ʼ˵
ôʼһֱʵԭôԭСӲɭλľ
а˵
ʼȴ˵Һ㲻ͬطǿаʵǼΪģаʵУûİһҲֻǸʵʵȫȡģ˲֪ͨ춦еգѵ㲻֪ôţӹҲû˿ô̵ʱڣνͨ춦ȫˣ
Ȼͨ춦дΣ
азųâǾȣ벻Ŀ⣬Ȼͨ춦еգǼģһǿһΣڵаӵͨ춦ҲԲҽȥ
Ϊӵв֮ͨ춦УҲҪ׻
һ;츳ǱȻҪǼ͵ƷҲǼҪģǰɸ֣ԣнʵǵֵ޵Ҫ
ʼ˵Ȼؼʱ̣ȴǡ̫ʧˣ
ȵʼ棬Ȼôϻǰ඼ѾˣаӣӣľˣˣͨɱҵӣˣվҪһˣ


1779 а
ǵһοĿޣ׺޲ɱа
˵аǰɱ¶Ͷԣɱˣʣɱ
˵꣬ӵλж͸ſ־֮ɫҪǶ֣˵аҪǣǿĹƻ²Żɳǰ
аȴ޶ԣƺûӵİ
ȵȵҽаɱˣ˻ҵ˭ǣ
ϾƹǿΪʼķܻɱôδЩ̫С˰ɣ
аЦ
ʼȵִԲ򣡡
ʼĵһа񣬿ƲӴȴǱǿĹߣаԴ󺧣ƵкҲǱŷֵסʼ
ͬʱҲǳ֣ȭյУϼҪȾɺɫҵȭĵлܹܳ·ÿһȭһͷų
飡
𵴣ҵײʹɽ飬޹⡣
֮ľս㶼Щ̫ȵʶ޷аʱյٴοʼĳ֡
϶ź;ȡ
ʵаأ
ˣҲܵˣ
ǿ֣Ȼܵ
Ȼ˽磬û뵽Ȼܳȥǹƺɭλϵģ
޵
˵
ʼͷҲ㻳ɣţаȻͶޣһһԸޣ
ûãԺ󱾵𣡡
ȴ˵
˵ȲǼܲˣ
λȫŵþʧɫ뵽аⳡսܵ
˵ϾƹһжаָʾǣĻȥĶɱˣ
ߣǰҲаָʾɱͽ
ȵ
ӻʧɫʼ棬˶жķϣϾƹһɣǲȥⶴлٵӣ
λȻû˵Ҳ¶ɫûǰܱô򶨡
ʼҡͷƷԣ䵱ôϾƹɱǣҲĲǣ
ɣ
Ƶл棬˱յĻҷ𣬾ǴδƬһ㡣
أ
ٱⶴе˶ĿӱɱһĻסͣҽг
ȴҡҡͷܣжĥĶѧϰҲܵõߣһֱҪ֤Լ츳ǱɵҪ
յУʼԶȥն¿ıӰƺѾ֪δĿ꾿ܹҲ˲ɢ
񻨷һʱ¶ͶĹڷĹϣݺᣬһʮĹͽܡ
ϾƹʹĶãֻɭλϵ˻ĸһЩҪֵסޣĻ
ʼ˵
ͷʼ棬Ѿûˣɱ˱ǣǰĽǽ⿪ˣаʱӣҲܱǵֵ޵ʱѺõ̫࣡
˵ûаѾ¶ţĻ룡
ʼ˵
һ㣺СӣɱӣʵѾʮǿˣһΣҲҽຣǶԿ޵Ļأ
ຣ
˵޵ʲô·
Ȼ⣬ǿ϶ɭλϵĹĸλ棬һûеǣѾЩüĿˣ
ʼ˵
ɻ󣺡λָɹͺڰľǿأΪβ֣
ʼɫһ䣬ʼҡͷ˵飬㻹ǲ֪֮ҪסⳡѣֻԽ
û뵽ʼ澹Ȼʱرܾǿߵ⣬Ҫ֪ںڰ統ѾһǿߣΪʱǾǿؼǳصһˣ
ʼ治˵ҲԸʣ˵ϧأȥˣ

ʼ˵
˵أҿɲĳЩˣӣ
ҡͷ
ӣСӣ㻹ұ࣡
ʼ˵Ļұһ
򶨣ȴǼϧǹ֮ץɭλ棬ûмϧʱһʼҪϧȻϲ
ʼȴһռǱ˺һ㣬ǰһ⾵⾵УϤĸ¥ãˮ
еɻԽԽֱּҵķӵУָĸϧڿò͵ʱŷ·ؿڱݺݴһȭ
ͷƭۣ
ҽͻصѵã
ʼ˵㣬סΣ޿ӱܣ
ã
㲻
ϧɭλ棬ؽģʱ֣˵ɭλΣգ綼У
ʼ˵ţȴǿŹ⾵УϧȻڳԷĿһֱŴۡ
ʼ潫⾵ջأǿԽʱյľҴ̸㣬ԺˣҲܿ
⾵ܷ񿴼

ʼҡͷھҶ޷緢飬һƬڰҽѾǿˣҶ޷У
⡭һƬڰҶ˼Ƕ֪ˣ
ҡͷ
ʼļ磺㣬ˣҲ֪Ϊ㣬ǡ
ţܹżʱ򿴿ϧѾˣ
˵

ຣ
ɭλֿ޵ء
ʼ뿪֮ǿҲûţǶɭ֣Ϣĵط
һˣǸ󶴸ĶʵǿһޣǶܶԸ
ɭֵУ˻ϣһλǿ˵ˣʼ֪üͷ¶Ҫ忪ˣѾ˼죬ǻ֪ǵǴĸλģ
飬ɭֵżǿǣҲĵش
Ҳǿҡͷ
濴ɭ֣Ȼܿһͷͷ͵ߣӴͷһɫǣƬ޵Σֲҳª
ҪҪȥɱֻߣ

ٺ٣֪ΪʲôɱЩޣһرʹĸо
ǾͽȥһƱߣЩҲɭ͡дһ˻𣡡

Ҫɭ֣ȻȴһӰ
ǣ
аôˣˣ
Уаؿڣɭַȥ
Ŀ⵱ɻ󣬵ǣǿаɭֵУЩ޾ȻΪÿһʱȫˣ
ǣ
ˣҲ޵ˣһţ
¶һҪʼ棬Ļ룡
Ƕؿຣ


1780 Ǻӵˣ
峿һʯ̨ϵʱѾѾɭλıԵຣ
ҹҹʱʩչ⾵͵͵Ŀϧ˯ʱɰģ֪Ϊʲôһ̣ӵϧ
ຣҪСϲ٣Ȼпຣﲢûа㺣ļ󣬳˼λǿߣû̡
޻еһˮʯ̨ʼЩǿϵĵط
Ҳ߽ʯ̨Щǿߺʼ涼˵аѱ飬ʼɫҲ£Ȼ֪аѱ䣬ȻЩζ
ǣ
ǿ߿㣬Ҳ˳Ͼƹյͽܣ
Ҳ˵ʼԨԴС츳ȻӶɱˣٹЩʱգ¾Ҫˣ
ɱˣ
Ƕһȣӿǹϵеʮһˣɱӣȫʮǿߵʵ
ʮǿߵʵΣѵ֤Ťתƣɭλô
°ȵ
Ƕ¶еĶҲһ㡣
û⣬ЩƱĮĵ˵뷨κβ
ҲмǺͶ°һ뷨оǱ
ʼ˵ûǿǣɭ֣ȴֻһ˲ܽȥ
ΪΣ
°⣺Ҳܽȥ
°ڵȥɭԣ
ǵȥޱΧңҪѣ
°˵
֪ͺãǽȥϢѾˣԽɭֵĵش
ʼ˵֮ȴܹϢЩԷ
Ȼ֪
ҡҡͷ
ʲôҲ֪ģ
ʼһۡ
Ц֮طԼĵܸ浽ȴû뵽ʼȴһ
ҽɭλ֮һֱ״̬׭ļǿҲʹԽܶԷ
Ҫǿ֪ϼǻӣͶҪŵϴ
ȿȣͷ㲻ҵӦӦϰɣ
ʼ硣
޼Ȼаѱ䣬ôǱȻҲǶԣǵҲģֻɭֵһͷͷľޣԣܹɭֵĵش֪Щ޵״ӺδǾˣ
ʼ˵
ضԶ
ҡҡͷҪһЩ޵УУǵҲһˣаҲ
ҵȻ֪аԣǿͷԵʱ򣡡
Բۣ
û뵽ʼ澹Ȼôġɭ֣аڵʵ׶༪١
ߣ㵨ûУ
°Цʼ棬˰ɣСӲеģ
мλǿҲǸš
ȴ˵ʼ棬Ҿ黹ҪһаȻˣҪָѣǿ㣬Բưոݵģ
ʼ˵޲̫ʱģң㣬˷˺ܶҶò˼ѣҲţһаѵ
ͷҪһһˣһаôñҪ𣡡
˵
ʼͷǻһɭֻ֣ǰЩ޵ע֮ҪȫԼˣСӣ˵ĵģ㲻Ҫ棡



ɭ֡
Ǵ翴ȥɭֵУһţɭܹĶǾޡ
ΪЩǾޣʼ˲Žǳ֮Ϊޡ
ЩǾźǿͼĶǾޣڵһЩֶԵֵסǣǿһЩĶǾޣҪеļǿһ֣ܽɱ
Ȼɭеĵشȴʼ˴δִģ
һɫĹҶƣɣɭֵеĵش
аӹ߽ȥڿŵʱͣ˰˫ֺʮһżȥ
ɫؿܵ˻ûȫָŽսʿǿˣϵĽȴǴȥģģͷϵĸֿеģɭֵߣЩǾ޲ͬʵΪǿ
аУܸܵԼС룬һ޴ǰһڰɫа֮Ǻ챦ʯУаܹܳӴڵǰޱȹа£ҳϵˣлӹһ٣ҽľΪԶЧ
꣡
ǻᶯһ㣬ɫаȻΪΡ
һװƤ𪣬ûƣͫǺɫƱˣаѹȡ
Ҫ֪аʮǿ֮ףоѹ޴󣬺Ȼǰǿʵ
Ҿϲģǧ򻯣Զ壬һеƺûʲô𣬵ǣǺӵУȴͳһеǵѪҺˣ
У࣬Ժסƺҵ֡˹ааܾúеһҪ֪ǺӵĿģǳΪǺӵˣҿɲ೶ʲôϵ
˵
а񹧾˹£֪ˣҾЧҵʱ򣬾ûнԼˣȻûԶѪţһ죬һҵĹѫõ´ǿǿѪԶѪ
ԶѪ
˹һЦ⣬Ц˫͸һ˿ɱ⣬ĿѹȵааǰδеĿ־壺˹£ѵ˵ʲôô
࣬Чҵʱҳŵʲô
˹ȵ
һΪɭλеӦһɭλ棡
أ
˹ȵҴһ˿ԶȴǱ࣬ݱ¶Զ廹κμֵô
˹£뱩¶ݣʼͷʵ̫ƻֻ뽫൱еľɱѣΪֹµĴƣ
аŵȫ
û˻뵽еʮǿ֮ףȻ˹ҵӵĹһǰ
ľ
˹ɻ
ʼ˵ģһɲţ
ǿյУԶŻ壬Ļ˶Բ谭Զ壬ȻԶŻ壬ǲ֮ܳΪˡǱǿ򱶵ĿֲǿԺԶһս
˹˵ȻԶŻѪǼ̳е̫ϡ٣㣬»ûм̳ԶŻٷ֮һѪ
ԶŻ壿
а۾˹ˣ֪еһλǿߣλ棬ӵſֲӵűʼ滹Ҫǿ֪㲻ԶŻأ


1781 ɭ
ɫеĻȻа˵֮Ǿǿߡ
ֻɭλʮǿ֮׵а񶼲ǿߵݣδЩΡ
˹˫۶а񣬺Щë죬˹˵ԶŻܹλĴڣɭλǺӵУλ棬ԶŻǿߣһȭܽλ飬˵λǿߣҿû˵
ɭλֻλ棿£ɭλгֵλǿߣȷǴ˵еԶŻѪλɭλľҷѾĻҪɱõµĴҵκһ˿ƻĿܣ
а˵
˹һЦ࣬Ϊ˵ұǻŹôԶֻ϶ֵûмֵ˵컨׹ҲὫɱ࣬ҿɲĴ
Զոɭλ潨ͻأڻû깤ȷҪİ࣬һˡ㣬һεĻҷĻὫķѣ
л£
а˵е£ΰԶѾɭֵд˺ܳһʱˣһֱڽͻأ⴫ͻʲôΪô깤
Ǻӹǧλ棬λΪżԭɭλֵ͵ȼλ棬Զǲмģǣ굱УǺӵгһЩȶأΪ˹ԶǺӵеĵλԣŻɳЩλ棡
˹˵൱ЩŮˣζģ
аͷ£֪ôˣ
ţЩ飬ҿɲ֪һֱԵļ˹
ף
ʱ˹һ˿ɻ󣺡ɭֳֵˣǵλʼĲɱֻô
ʼǸ϶ϲţǲΣֹ˵ΰƻ
а˵

ɭⲿ
һֻֻŶǵľ޴˻ʼںǶԿ
һֲɢǼλɭλʮǿߣɫأþԸЩޡ
㣬ǰЩ޵ע⣬Ҫˣ
˵
ţ
׼һȥ
ΪϢЩ޸ֲ㣬Щ߿ӹɭֵڲȥ
ִһûп޵ĵطͷ˿ԶںͿ޼սˣҲǰԵͷΣ۶ɭλЩ޻ģ
УɭֵڲеҪ桯Ķ࣬ΪڲҲֻޱ鲼һƬԶɭֵϢǣɭֵУȴҲЩޣ
ңǰȴǳһЩȸ߿ƼĶ
յУȻһ޴ޱȵִ
ִСɽСɢɫһſźɫʯҲǳִأʶ̽⣬Ȼ־ʯʲôʵض޷̽ǹ졣
ﾹȻһ˾޴ִѵЩ޶ǳִɭλģ
ȷпܣ
ǰȥȻǰһУȴٴε߸
һ¶ɫȺһغŬš
ǰһֵľʯƺڽʲô
Щɫ˾ʲôڽʲô
ʼһֱûнɭֵڲͲﵽһ
㶼ЩԥˣΪоǰнĻҪЩɫ˷ˣ޶ǰǿЩ˾ʯˣȻҲһ㡣
࣬Ǿȵô
һӰ
Ӿȣ˳ȴӦӦʵȻ
ͷںڵͷӳǰһŮӣ
ļЩ˾ʯ˲ͬļѩϵ·ҲЩĻ·ǴǰŮϣȴرÿ
Ȼ࣬ŮȴûаֲмһȻ߹ȴֲʧ׺͵ζŮˣǾˣа
࣬㻹ûлشҵĻأ಻ǺûòΪô
Ůϴһ˿ŭ
˵ҵȷܾȣΪû뵽תԿһôƯ㣬Ըô
Ļ٣Ů˵ȷƯȴǺ֪ݡ
ԽҰ˹Ǳ˹ֵĻ»˲˶ã
˹˭
Զˣǿ󣬲Ӧģ
˹˵
Զ壿ｨʲô
ʵ
˹˵ԺĲ¸˹ô
£
ҡͷΪ֪ܶԸ
Ǹ࣡
˹ǰ棬ҲǸš
ͨŮ˵ĽһЩ顣
ȣ˹Ǻӵеһǿ壬Զ壬֮ǰЩ¶ԶĺᣬҲԶѪǺӣеλ涼Ҫǡ
ɭλǵ
ҲܾȰ˹ΪʲôὫЩ鶼ǺʶⰬ˹ʵɲ⣬ǽȫ̵ļƻԼΣҪԸЩԶ壬ѣ
ҲȷǴСɽһķɴɭλģҪɭֵн
⴫󣬿ǺӵеԶλ棡
žǵĿġ
⴫Żжòܽã
һЩ鷳
˹ҡͷǴλϴľʯƺЩǿн󽨺õĻ»ʹôʱңʱ⴫ʹã
Ϊβɳɴ½ʯ
̫鷳ˣԶǾԲ߻ͷ·ģ
˹˵㣬ϣǽ󽨺ôĻͳΪǵūˣ
ѵʲôĻܷô
Ц
ȷܣ࣬Щͬ
ﲻͬ
֪֮൱һλʼ棬һֱΪǼλǿ߾ͿԶʲôвʵϣˣҲֻ˽⵽ɭΧԶǿæŽأͱūˣ
˹˵
аʼͷһ˳ᢵӣԶǿ󣬸Ͳɭλκֵܵģ۽ܱסԼǲˣ
Ű˹ɭֵڲнһֺٻĸоЩɫƤǲҶκβõ뷨ģָоȻСȴûаĲˬ٣Լǰһλţλ˹С㣬ȻŮ
˹ڴظͻȻͣϴһ˿Կķָָֻ̬ЩɫƤеһˣ˵ź飬ɭЩˣһǽɱĻǰˣ


1782 Ů
ɫС
аѾλ˸˹ķ䡣
ǼŮ˶аӱⶴѰҵģΪа֪УⶴеŮƯģû֮һ
һŮˣڳĻʶһŮˣǸһҪȽϵ£
Ҳ˵Сģаץ˹˶
Ȼ£Ҳʧ򶨣ûлңŮˣȴǻһš
˵а㽫ץʲô
ٺ٣ʦûˣѵҸô

ºȵô
Ȼǣ
аҡͷ
ʱ˹سڷ䵱УǰļŮˣ۾ڷа˵˭ȻǰϾϢˡ
ĲŮˣÿһĻҲˣȷûб˹
ûУ˹ص£飬Ȼϸ
а˵
Ǿͺã˹ǼһɲϿǰһڵļһҶҽԼ㱩¶Ϊһӵѣ
˹߶
аҲǼû˵ʲô뿪ˡ
˹Ҳת۱һЦ⿴ǰλŮˡ

ظ
һͣҪ֪벻Ⱜ˹ͻȻ޳ȻֱһɫƤ˺ԼԣҪԷɱԼ
жźļһҲµĿ㣬һ˿ЦƺѾ뵽˴ò
˹С㣬ʵûͨ
˵
˹˵ʵЩˣҪǿӮź飬Ҿһ죬ôѵһֱΪҲɱôҪ֪ҵūʲôʱɱ㣬ҵȨ
Ȩ
ð𣺡һһֱΪҺѹϵأҴˣԶ嵱Уû֣
ʱźҲѾ׼ˣһὫɱ
˹ûֹźսЩ⣬ԼݼŮ˲һЩ֮ͬģȴû뵽ŮȻʯĳ˵ʵӵ磬ٴ緵أŮ˵ٶЩ˽⣬û뵽ȴôһǿĶ֣
Ů˺Ư
ź鲢Զ壬ͬҲҵūҪûǴĻЩѪ˶ǴλץİɣĹԶҪľūνѣ
˹зųâ
˵ȻܳΪѣǾֻǵˣҵɲū֣
ߣȻܶź˵ɣʵǱǿ
˹˵
ȷܹܵźǿ̫࣬Ҳûа취£˶ֳԼйһ沩ȡͬ飬
ܹΪԶūǵң࣬һ㳢ʲôζģʱ֪ūһֶôҸˣ
źϵĹڡž죬Цĸˡ
ûη壬һֱڹ۲Ű˹ĶȻǼСҲԲǶźĶ֣Ψһܹı˵ֻа˹
С椣ѵҪҪһô
в֮ǲҪ»ָʵѣңǸʱɭλ϶ҪԶĵˣ
ڶźҪֵһ̣˹ȴƣûź飬ȥϢɣ㻹Ƿһԣ
źͷлˣ
ǶźںʱԸܳźһǿҵɱɱǿ˹ʵжǿ
ūôĻԶʵ͸ˣﰵ
˹˵ôܹѵһõô
Ҳһ̣Ƿ£
˵
Զֻؼֵûмֵˣܲ
˹˵⴫أô
׳ۣ
˵
ͷԺ취ãͱסˣ
˹С㷴޳ô֪˵ģ
㣬ʱ䣬֮벻취ĻôҲ
˹˵ʧˡ
⴫֮С
ЩѪȻڰžʯ֪˹ոյĻζʲô죬쵱벻ӵĻǸС椾Իŵԡ
ҪܵĻӲܣǰ˹ԲԼߵģ
ЩѪ˲˵ߵǱϣҲῪ˵һֻ֣һ飬Ǿǰ˾ʯ
ܿ죬ʯȫˣһֵѪ˵깤춼Ҫɻˣ
ţ࣬˸ıɱͷ֮벻촫İ취ֻ·һˣ˾Բһûõūģ
ЩѪ˳Ц㼸뿪ˡ
㿴˿ǱڱεҡͷЦԳΪľпԻκεŮ벻λĻЩŮ˵ƷζЩͬˣҪǲѽ촫İ취С椶Ҫذ

֮
ɫС
˹ӷ߳ɷҹܺõȻݹ
˹һվڴλô˹ӭŰ˹ﲻɴ˹ģЦݣ˹⼸Σ㣬Ҷ˽ɭλ£㸺죬ǸЩǴһ棬ЩѰ
˹˵
ţ˹أ˵׽ЩȫɱҿΪǽ㻰Ůڴô
˹ʲô˼
˹ظо
ʱаȴǴһЩѵĿ˸˹һۣȻ˵˹С㣬ˣ
ʲô飿
˹غȵ࣬ҵū
˹ҡͷЦ˹أ඼ҵūҲ⣬飬վô
аͷ˹ص£˹Сҽ㷿еŮȫɱˣ
ȫɱˣ
ڸղţ
а˵Ȼֻùˣǰ˹СԸģûɱ
˹ʲô˼ҪҵôֻǽŮɱ
˹أȽ˰ɣĻһĽĶģ
˹ȵ
˹ضͷð㣡
סɭλΪʲôڴûнãλ巢ҽܿܵò֧Ԯʱ򣬾͵ܷɣߺߣҪܷĻұ֤϶Դڵϣ
˹ȵ
аվһԣŵһ亹˹عȻû˵ǰŮʵֲ̫ˣ´ʱˣ
˹ز˵˹ȵںȥأϣλ࣬Ҫʧ


1783 ٻ
ߵ״ð˹͸˹شһ
Ѫ˶ڵϣǷֳɼ飬Цֲ˴ˡ
˹üͷ΢壬˹غȵڸʲô
ˣ
ЩѪ˶Σһ
㣬ӦܸһͰɣ
˹˵
ǶĲѣûʲôý͵İɣ
Ĳ
˹ɻ󣺡൱еĶĲϷ
ţҿǰ˾ʯҲ˵Ĳ࣬ģǽһּ򵥵ĶĲϷ̸ˣ
˵
еǰϷھȻó̸ѪˣУʲô㣿ôϤӣ
˹һʱ벻ҪаĻҪһϵеìܳ
˹ɫȴǻָðɣ촫İ취üĿ
˹ϴһֺϣƺֻҪҡͷͷˡ
㲻Ҽһ£ǽ촫Ҫľʯһ룬Ҫ⴫ؽãֻ취
˵ȥ
һǽصĹģСһĻԴûģ⴫ȻսԷģСģӰж󣬾ͲҶ˵˰ɣ
ǽСһĻλϵԶҪ֧ԮĻܵӰ죡
˹ͷ
˵ڶѰԴȡЯľʯֻҪҵԴһжˮɣ
ԶĴؽľʯǺҾʯǺӵһʯҪɭλҵ־ʯԴֱǳ˵Σ
˹˵
Ц˹СûĵĻСģɣ
˹ȴʱ˵˹Сںԣ˵ȫǷϻͲʲô촫صļƻңЩѪ˸ֱǻҽСӴճΪԶĻˣ
˹أڴϺŮϷʱô뵽ĸ֣
˹˵ҵ֮У
˹û˵
㣬ҪʱѰҵҾʯԴ
˹ʵ
ô϶ҵ
㲻ˣ
ұѡ񣿡
˵
Ȼ
ҿԴӦ㣬Ҳм
˵
ҪɳɭֵȨҵܵκв
һ۸˹ء
ŭ˹Ҫ֪ûūҪģûУ
˹ո˵ģҶˣ
˹˵
㣡
˹ĿҴҵ뿪ˡ
ϴһ˿Ц⣺ŴǱʨˣֱܣ
˵ʨӣôǰԼô㣬һڣҲԴһ׿ڽĲҧģ
˹˵뿪ˡ
Ű˹˵ʱһɱⰻȻߺ㶼ظĸܣĪЦʲôʱȻһС椱Ƴ

ɫС
ºҪӳȥ
˱аץ˽ֱϣǲ֪˹Ҫʲô
뾡һа취ø˹ڴ⣡
죬Ů˱˸˹صĴ⣬ڶϣǶǿ޵滨꣬Ҫȥܸ˹ص衣
±ȰǽϣаУ͸˹ͬŮȫɱˣ۾գһ¡
ΪΣаֻ˵Ըģ͸˹ϹŮ˶Ҫ
ŵûǶҪɢˣǿҽҪӳȥ͸˹ϴѾһˣƴһƴ
ɹӳ˸ӽǱаֱץģûü˽ɭ־Ǹĵط
£˵ܹӹǵħצô
֮ҪǱץסǿֻ·һ
˵ں£οؽ㣬õĵط룬Ǻܾܿӳȥˣ
ţ
صͷ
˼ɭⲿȥ
Ȼһâһʹ˶ܶˣһӰǰҪôǿſǰ棡
а
ºԣǿǰɭⲿһֻֻ޴ޱȵĹ߶Ѳߵʿ
ϽǾ֮ɫҪȥĻЩޱȻԼʱ򣬿»ûӳȥҪɱ
ɫǵİȫ֮أֻҪǹԹĻֻˣ
а˵
ҪǱ裬
ºȵ
ôǾҰɣֻҪſ˫ȱܻ˿ûôˣ
£ô죬ȥǣ
Щò⡣
ҡͷѵǻбѡôŹǵģ
а˵ľֻҪǽ˹صźˣҪȥ׾٣
а˻ȥʱ򣬸˹óڹУºأһҪҸ˹صƤߣ˺ôӣ
˵Ҫź㣬ȴݶôź򣿡
ߺߣ֪ҵô
˹˵ҿɲ࣬ΰԶһԱҵԶѪҺ
ʮԺ
Ǿɫ
±򶨣Ҳ쳣־塣
ǾȻɭλˡ
˹˵ôʼηôͬ飬ǰϣǺأѵǲ֪
ңܹΪԶһԱŮˣѵǴҵô
ºжſ־塣
Ȼʱ˹ɫȴһ䣺ֻǿϧ˹Ǹһﲻڴ֮ǰŪŮˣʵǿְλҸߣֻŮ˵ķԸǣҵǰҿɲ֤ҲὫҵǵڣ
ȻΪ˱ôֻɱˣ
˹һ˿⡣
аһۣߵͷ

˵Ҫɱң
ҲǱ۾
аĶǳģܽͽɱȻʱ顣
οѾǸ˹ص¡
аû뵽㻹УˣһԱ
һӲԶ
Ųа񶼽Ŀ⿴֮
Ȼ˭ģֻȷһ£
Ϊʵ̫ȣ
ôܳһĺ˵
ĵ˽Ǵһ˿ЦݣϣûκΪ˹غаͺµ
ǣ˹ӿֲǣ˹ʱһϣһʱġ
˹Ƕڳ鴤ŷǴصһĻ̽Сɱû˵һĵ
ʶģû뵽֮ǰȻܹ㣬Ҹ벻㾹Ȼȫа͸˹أǣЩˣΪ֪ĹϵãǶԷԼҲ޶ԣȻ·һ


1784 
ʣа㣬ȸǼ˵ġ
ʲôطԴһǱɭֵУ˹صʱ򣬾Ѿ޿κεҪ˹رġ
ԣ޿κΣûκΰ취ΪԶūֻ·һ
˹صʵĿùģǿޱߣȻǰ㣬Ȼܹվڸ˹صǰ˵ҿȥ͸˹֮Ǽģ
棬ûаη壬а벻ʲô¿һ㣬٣а
˵˹ص£˱Ҹ߹λľʼ˵Զˣܻǵģֻ
ǣԺɲ֣ԶԶū
˹غȵ
аһ£ֻǲɱ㣬룡
㵹һЦаҵΪеɱ㲻ɭλʮǿеǿ֮ôһثģ飬ҪдĻаͻ˰ɲҵ
㵹ǲ˸˹ǰ
аҪŭɲļ֪ôԴġ
Сӣа˹ҵȷҶ㣬Ҹ㣬˹Ҹӿֲǲܽãʱ׼µɣ˭Ҳס㣡
˹غȵ㣬ٶȽɱˣСӣһܣˣ
ָָаʾɱºأҪ֪ȻҲ᲻ãûа취Զ嵱еĹڶ࣬˹Ǽල˹Ĵڡ
Ҫ
ºҡҡͷ
ǿһۣﲻ֪¾ǺԵıⶴеŮӣأҲ˵Ůˣɱ
ɱ
˹غȵСӣûɱ㣬ѾǶʴˣѵҸ˹ҪɱŮˣҪͬô
Ȼǣֻ촫أ˹Сֻһʱ䣬ʱȣ⿿һҪ飬ѣԣҪ֣
˵
ǿʶҪ֣ԶкܶѪ˵ū㲻ǻǶĲôǰѰѵУ
ϧǶɭλ治̫Ϥ
ҡҡͷŮˣҶҪˣ
˹ð𣺡Сӣڱң
ƽĺܣһʤȯյš
˹أŮ˽㴦ã
˹
˹ϵŭʢˣ԰˹ûа취ܾȵ㣬ǲܽؽãԶԷģһʬΣ
Ըܹʵ֣
һЦ

ɫУ˹㰲һܿķ䡣
ºضڷ䵱УƺûȫιԼƺѾʱ˸˹صħצЩš
¸ţȻȻ
˼Ҫú˼£ν⴫ˣĻһ֮󣬸˹صԻɹġ
һ㵹ǲģǾɽɭ֣Ҳ˵Ѱʼ
ʵϣ滻ҾʯԴķȷȷģܷҵԴȴûκģȻڰ˹ǰֵȴǷš
º˴ﶼ˵»ŵ㣬ʵȴǺܶҪǽ
һὫǴȥģö룬ǲ
˵
㣬ΪʲôҪ
ʵҪ֪
Ҫ֪ʲôѵͷһҪһµŮ˼ƽϲǣ
ҡҡͷ
ЩﰵʱҲ£ңѾ֪ԼĲˣûȥ㣬ֻ뽫㵱ҵĿ꣬һӵĿ꣡
Щȴǲǰ˵
˵֪ԶĿľʲô
ɭλ棡

ҲǽΪǵū
ЦԼںγǰ˹ūأ
غ¶һȣѵѵͲֹǾʼ˵ްɣ
ͷǲҪֻ̫࣬Ҫǵãһ뿪͹ˣ
ֹ
ﰵ˵ǰ˹͸˹BOSSЩѪ˶ǿޱȣƥУ˵Զʵʼ޷Ĵڣ
Ҫֹǣ漣֡
峿غ뿪аһ·β棬ǰͣ£㣬Ҫ֪ǽǴߣǴ˹£һɱ㣬ܷ촫󣡡
˹ɱɱңûϵǣҪסеģ
ȵ
аҧǰ˹ĺ̨ͽɱˡ

ຣ
ʼͼλǿ߶ʯ̨ΧǶüͷƽɭֵļƻ
°˵ʼ棬Ѿȥˣһ䶼ûУ֪ɭֵǷҵһЩõ
ôûϢǱ޳Ե˰ɣ
˵Сʼ㣡

ʼĬ˵ҵͨ춦ϢܸӦģû£ֻǣɭֵеҲ
⡭
λǿ߶ǰ̾
ڻɭ֣һֳЩǾ޵ķص˿ຣ
ȵȣϢôѾɭ֣
ʼüЩ˼顣
ȻɭֺͿຣĲԶܿ죬˶ܿյмӰ֡
غ½ຣ
ʼһȡ
˵ͷۻˣ㻹ô
Ҳ˵ɭֵڲʲô
ǿܱеĻҪǿ٣Ǻ֮еǿ壬Զ壡
˵
Զ壿
ǵ˶һɻֻʼ棬¶֮ɫ
Ȼʼ֪Զġ
ܿ콫Լɭֵмȫ֪ǣǼλǿߣȫһȻŵվԭأرǶ°һֱԼʵΪ뵽㾹Ȼ˵аҲֻЩѪһʵ
¶˵ĶģԶĺǿа񶼳ǵķ²ƴӣǾаӱⶴץȥģ
˵ֻǿϧʦ㱻Զ̣ˣһаɱˣ
㣬˵ǰ˹ĺܣԣܽغ¾£ǣǰ˹Ҫһ֮ڽǴصľʯ滻ãҪǣûĻ³ʲô
°˵

һֱû˵ʼ濪ڣԶļֵ۱ǣûмֵֻū㵱ģûаʴȣ
°Ҳһ𾪣û뵽㾹ȻһôӴѹҲ뵽֮ǰĲмھȻЩˡ
٣֮¾غ£Ѿ˲ˣ
°˵㣬Ҷ°һҲûз˭ʼһӽ쿪ʼҲ㣡
㵹ǿЦҪа취Ļǰҵģ
㣬ҪҵĻаʲô
˵
ûϼ˵ȥֻǿһֱüͷʼ棺ͷԶ飬Ӧúҽ˰ɣ


1785 
ʼͷȻԶĻҲбҪ㽲һǺеǿ壬ԶŻ壡
ǿ߰㶼ûзܼУ©κһϸڡ
ԶŻӵǺӵ͵ѪǱӦǺеˣǣΪһǺӵо޴ѣԶŻȻһСԶŻ˷ɢǺӵĴʵ϶ԶŻĺᣡ
ʼ˵Ǻӹλ棬λַΪŸȼ
ɭλֻеĵˣ㣬ԭڵĵǵڶⶼڵ͵ȼλ棡
أ
㲻ʵ
ڵ磬ʵһȽصλ棬ǰǺеλּӦ֮䣬λҲᷢ䣬ȼڣҶ޷統е׷ʲô飡
ʼ˵
Ҳû̫࣬ȻҶ˼Ƕǵ֮οǰ干Ҫ˺ǻǻɵġ
ʼ棬˵ԶŻ壬ǵжţλɭλһԶŻĳԱ𣡡
°ʵ
λǺڰ統һֱʢľǿߡ
ʼ˵ȷӵΪԶŻѪʵ̫ƮˣҲ޷ƿأȻڵĻЩԶܻ޷ǣ㣬Ӧüǵںڰ統еĻɣ
ͷ
ǲԶŻˣֻΪ˵ԵʣԣǲŻᱻ֮ΪˣȻ㣬ȴӵԶŻѪ
ʼ˵
㵹Ļ츳ǱҲôߡ
ʼ棬ô˼ԶŻ徭ǴǺ֮󣬾Ѿʣ޼ˣ
°ʵ
ţΪԶŻһ㣡
ʼ˵ֻܺͬԶŻ˽ӣ򣬺壬Ǻ࣬޷Ů˿һֱϡٵԭ򣡡
ȻѹʱԼ޷Ҷ˼ǻУԭҪҲԶŻѪ
Ǻ֮ǹƽģԶŻǿ쳣ȻҲбȻȱ㣬ԣǴǺ֮ԶŻѾ˥ȥˣȻȻ࣬ÿһǼ츳ǱˣڸλϣҲǿ֮һ
ʼ˵Զ壬ͬǺӵмǿ壬ԶŻǿ飬ǲӵ־ĻôԶǿı壬Ǽ޵еͳߵ츳ǳΪǺӵǿĴڣȻԶҰһֱ㣬ΪǺˣû뵽ǣǾȻῴɭֵ͵ȼλ棡
ôλϵ壬ǷҲǵĺᣡ
ʼͷԶŻ˵ĺƣʵϣǺӵУ壬Ҳߵȵڣ˥䣬ӦѾҪʱǺˣ
һ㣺˵ɭֵнĴʯҪҵԴ
ʵҲģ˵ʵԴӿǴʹõĺҾʯҲɭλʲôʯԴԴǣ
ҡҡͷ
ʼ棬ѵϣҵԴôҪ֪ǿҪǣҪǵĴؽãǿεֵ
õֵ
ʼҡͷ˵ԶʱѾֹǣΪǵʵ޷ֹңԶֵ͵ȼλ棬ȻǺӵУѾȺ¹ˣʱ򣬿ܻиǺǿǣԣԶĴãǳΪɭλߣ
Ҳͬ⣺ǵʵҼʶֻǿһЩĻҾԽӲƴڵĻֻԼȥײʯͷˣ
ҲǵͷǶ°Ҳ˵ʼ棬ǸôҵԴ
ҪˣҾʯˣɭλҵȷ֪ܹԴȻЧܻ㣡
ʼ˵
Щ⣬û뵽ɭλ滹дԴ
ʼгȥɭλһΪ֮صλָָһʯһ鿴ͨĺڿʯʩչʶӦȴܹӦ̺żΪϤƺҾʯ
ȻЩʯȷûкҾʯôߵƷʡ
ǽ촫ĻЩʯ쵹ûʲô⡣
˹һܵʱѰԴڣȻѴ֮
ʼóһռӣѾ㽫ЩʯսȥˣʱֱӽǱǣ
ͷʱ䣬ʱҪȡͨ춦ΣԼΪһȻԶǿʢܾջЦ󣡡
㣬˵Һܸд춷ضڵˣҲˣɭλ滹Ҳ֪ˣɭλֻλ棬ϻŸǿλ棬潫ӵһЩǿߣǶҪĶԣڿʼѪҲӦһֱȼյ״̬ˣ㽫һǰ
ʼ˵
û˵Ϊ޴ѡ
紦۷״̬ʱ򣬾Ϊʥܶڵ򾭹һ൱ĻָڣʱѾҪֻǺϧҶ˼ƽǲã
µ״ǣ֪Ǻӵеܣɭλʼ棬ʮǿߵλ涼ֻλ棬֪ǺӣӵŶǿĸ֣ҪҪ棬ʵ

֮
صɭ֣˹غͰ˹ڽɫУ㣬˹Ц˹ұԳȥСӸץû뵽Ȼһˣ֪ǲģ
ǰ˹С㺦ܵĻʱҲ뿪ˣ
ҡҡͷ˹أעû
㣡Сӣѵ㽫Դҵˣ
бҪ㱨ô
Ц
˹˵ˣ㣬أԸܸҴϢ
ܿ죬Ƕء
Ű˹棬Ҳǽռó涼ʼռĿʯЩʯó˹ǰһ˹ǺȵЩƨʯܹͺҾʯȽô
Ȼȵʶ̽ʱȴһȣôܣЩƺҾʯȻɷֲ㣬Ҫ촫صľʯǿԣ
˹˵㣬ĲЩʯȻʵز㣬ҪҾʯû⣬ôʯĻ²öʱ䴫ܽˣ
ЩѪ˿㽫ôʯҲǼЩ죬ǶûκǵġĲϷǿҪһʯȻ֪лҪˡ
Ѫ˱ūԣûǷơ
ǣѪ˵еһ˶ź飬ȴǳһĵһۣǰЩ찬˹ԭöźԣź鱾ҲҪǰ¶һ֣ȴû뵽˹;ԣʹûл֡
ԣһֱҪҸԸ㡣


1786 
ҲǺܿע⵽źĿ⣬Ҫ֪ǰЩЩѪ˶ĲҪǵĹϵãû뵽źѪ˵еһź鲻ֻǵһ촫İ˹ҪΪ˹ĸ¡
Ȼ㽫ҵԴʯҵѾΪ˶ź·ʯ
Ҫź飬Ļав󣡡
ﰵ
뿪أصаȴڵ㣬СӾȻĽԴҵˣұѾ׷ɱ׼ΪҴӲΪҵ
ʧ˲ôʹǣɭУȴûа취
ЦңȴɱҵĸܣԱ
СӣȻɱ㣬ǲҲ㣡
а֣ҵĺĵתȻȥаЦƺѾԤشģ
ȻȴǻȭӴȻûȫֵסȭٲش
ôܣһݣʵѵ
аš
㵭˵װˣղһ㲻˰˷ʮȻĶ֣
аһȣȷǻ˷ȫǲɱ㣬Ϊĺ̨Ȼǰ˹Ǹȸ˹ػҪֲŮħͷɱ˹ŹģΪ˳شȴû뵽㾹Ȼܹǿס
Ҳ쵱˶ʵ
Сӣʵô죬һֲòɱĸܣ
Ժ󶼲ɱҵĻˣ
㲻м
쵱Уνͨ춦һһ̣ʼۿЩΪ֪ΪʵԼƵһĵز
ȻѹԽҲǱ޴ǱĻҲԵסаİ˳
ǱаشȻҪʱ䣡

ʱţΪѪÿʯ촫ĹϵҲһֱڹбչ
˹Ҳ˹ɧ㣬ط
ʮȥ
Ѫ˽ؽϣ㱻˹ǰȥιһΰ飬ȻҲΪҵҾʯԴʯ
ʹкܲϲ˹ͷʽȻûа취ܾ
뿴⴫أֻܸпѪ˵Ͷʵ̫ɫˣżǧƽ˹⻹㲻Զ彨Ĵ˵һԶҪһ߼λ棬ɳǿ߼λϽԶʷĴ󣬿ȼɽõĵڶ죬ͽ߼λ
Ȼ⴫ؼΪҪ
˹ϴЦݣ˵Զ壬ܹʾɭλϲһԼģӴԺɭλԶĵˣ
ЩѪ˶Ѫڡ
˹˵˹ȻˣǲЩ̵ͶǻҪһս׿ڳǲǵˣ
а˵ǿߵУʼкֻҪܳɭλԶĵ̾㹻ˣ
ţǸʼô˹أƺ磿
˹˵
ҷɭλ棬Դ
˹˵
˹Ҫ˵ȴǵ˵ĵ£ֻɭλ棬ؾɭλϵ඼ˣ˹СҲаɾ͸еģ
˹˵ʲô߼㣡
ҡҡͷҿûʲô߼ֻȴܹһսԼʼС취ˣ
ȷ
˹˵
ͷ
˹غȵСӣҪΪ㽫ʯҵʲôǸ߹Զǰһūū㶮ô
аҲ˵λˣʼڤ粻飬ҲΪܻ˵Ͷ
㣬ʼûͶҲҪˣ
˹˵
û˵ʲôʤȯյ飬¶
˹Ҫʱ䣬ʱȻڿຣ
غû뿪ຣˣ˶ܿģ¼ڳݵĶиһĪ㺡
ʱԶԶĿϥһҸãָо㯡
˵£Ҹһ飬㲻Ը߱ˣ
ţأɭгǾõˣȻػ
˵
˵֪Ϊʲôصⶴ𣿡
Ϊຣеãڶǿߣʼָ㣡
Ϊ㣡
һĨɬϲʵǿ˺ã
ͷΪҲӡе㣬ȻȥһʼжµĶⶨ֮⡣
ҲöԲԣҾ䲻ԣûֻܺ˵˵£л𣿡
˵
ȴЩ
£Ҳû𣿡
ǰأлģ
˵
£ʵҲϲԲԣ
ʵ
¾ȣôᣡ
֪ҲϲʵΣҶϲһҸ
˵
ʱ۾û뵽ոճأ˸˷θһ仰ҲЩһͷغ£Ůʧ롣
ȵϧһŮ뿪ԭʱվʩչʼ̸Ĺ⾵ܿ⾵гϧĻ档
ҹ˯ԺԴڷܿɰҲΡ
һĻҲǴʹ٣Ź⾵еϧСϧ㣡
ϧĿһֱеҲǽĿ̧ɭλǿչҲˡ
ǶͬһʱͬһµҸС
ؾϲһҸԶԶĿ㡣
ȴֻܺϧͬǿµɬҸУֻܸܵ
ʼĲԶıӰ֪Ӧ˵ʲô
ʱܿ͵ˣʱ䵱Уûнͨ춦רľҲ´аʱ򣬲аǡ
ȻٴνɭֵʱȴȻķ֣֮еĿȴȫˡ
ЩɻҪ֪ԶĴȻɭֽˣⲻЩ޾ûκ֮ˣ٣㻹ûнʼͶϢ
Խɭ֣ԽŵһЩѪζʶȴ޷ɭֵʩչǱһ㡣
ȥôܣ
ҪɭĵشȻȴ޷̤벽
һžϵǰʩչȫ޷ֵס
ߺߣ㣬ɭֻ˰ɣҸ⼸쵱У﷢ʲô
һɭа񣺡ɭֱ幥ˣ


1787 ź
㿴аϵЦݾ͸аҪʲôȻҪʱɱ㡣
û뵽һԶȻҲᱻԸڿϵУܿ޵ʬ˰ɣ
аһЦ
ô棿
˵
ðˣڸ˹ͷųʱѾ˳ĻڻܲվԤϣ
˵仰ʱܿа˿ҡ
˵ǴƬľ˽֮ǰѾûйϵˣ
зâһǿҵɱ⣬˵뽫ɱôڣ
֪ãҲɭλһôвߣ
а˵Ȼ֮ǰҺ֪ڰ˹ߣĿģѵֻΪѹô
ѹ㣿а񣬲ò˵Щ߹ԼۿɴδУҲ֪ͬҰж󣡡
Ц
Ҳаĵ˹ص¡
ߣڿӿ£ҷɱ㲻ɣ
аĵгֺ
Ȼ˿̣ȴҡͷѵûиܵѾʧôȷ̻ظ˹߽һĻѱ֤˲㵱ͽɱ
аüͷһ壬ʶҲܹܵʧɭڲϢоȣ˹͸˹ǿϢûʧȻһʤ̣
ȻֻԶʤ̡
ˣ´εĻҪȫʬ
аȵʧǰٶȺܿ죬ͬӰӡ
ǽɭڲа˵ϵȷŲʬ壬ޣѪˣԼа˵ľ޴ɫˣɭڲһƬǽ塣
ǣɭֵУ޻Ų٣Ƕȥһ۶ûп㣬Ӧǻصԡλϡ
߽ɫ˹سżѪ˴ҪֵʱǼĲǻḶҵĴô
ǼѪ˲˵
㿴аվڸ˹ǹȥѾһѵĻɻء
㣬ЩǲǺӵ޴壿սʱ򣬾Ȼ뿪ɭ֣
˹صһа
߹˵˹ص£ѪȻʧְĳЩ˽ǶĲĻȻԼĸλģ
ţ㲻˵ҵǻˣСӣ֣㽫Σ
˹ؿվڲԶİ˹˹Ӧδࣿ
˹û˹أһ۶ûпǺӵУǲ壬ȻҲԶ̣ĸôĵӣ
˹˵ʱ˶һּǿƣʹǸ˹Ȼˬ˹ȴҲҷ
Ϊ֪ո죬Ǳ˹ɱģĻǻá
ź飬ոձֲ
˹˵
źͷΪЧͣң
źܵ˹󣬻⿴һۣƺҫʲô
˹ͷһ㣺ϣܸҴ㲻ϢΪ죬͸ˣ
ԸʼѾӦɭλܣ
˵
ʲô֤ݣ
˹زš
˵ûյĻҸվô
˹˵ڿɭλѾʵƿˣֻĵһλ棬Ѿ֪Զ岢ûжǶȻ֣
˹˵˹Ϊ㻹ԮҪ֪ǵĴѾˣ
ӹţǺӶⲻǵ͵ȼλ棬ѵҪػô
˹ѵ
ҪĻٴνĻҶ鷳ǻɳǿߣ
һ취
˹ȵ
˹ǻص˷С
ɢɣ㣬л˵
˹˵
аͶźǳ߿ȥз׷׶Щʹâ
ȵ뿪˹ϣ㣬û뵽죬ȡĲ
㲻ɱҰˣ
мֵΪҪɱ㣿
˹˵
Ǹ˹صĻҿ¾ˣ
ȻҺȽϣҽô
˹С㲻ˣο֣˹СҪ֣
˵
ܴ˵ǽƻɭֵУ뵽İֲ࣬԰ң˹ǸҲԣ˼ֺݶ˿ֻи˹Ǹðɣ
˹С˵ŮӵôĿ㣬ִУҲɱɣ
˵ǰ˹СҪŮӵɱ
ţ
˹˵㣬֪ʲô
ҪһЩϸҰɣ
ǺӵУֳǿ壬壬鲼ǺӣҲǺеĺ壬ǵѪ߹󣬵ڶ࣬вλ漶ǿߣȻҲиǿӼǿߣ
ȵȣλ漶Ӽ𣿡
Щɻ
Ǻ֮£žŵλ棬ֻҪӵ˸Լλʵ֮ܳΪλǿߣ
˹һۣڻ֮ܳΪλǿߣֻǶ룡

ЦǰڵĽĳЩӰƬռŮǱˣû뵽ԼȻҪλǿߣ
ɭλλ棬Ǹ߲ελ棬Ǹߵȼλǿߣ
˹˵żλǿ֮󣬾һǿľˣǸ磬ӼǿߣǺӵУǿߣ漶Ǹڴ˵е֪Ƿ񻹴ǺӵУ
ҵ֪ڼλǿߣ
ΪĿ꣬ô㣡
˹Ц
Ĭ
˹Ʋ⣺Ȼ˶࣬һЩ͵ȼλǻѾ֪ԶɭλûͶʲôԴǻ޼ɵ
ĲԮ
˹ҡͷҪֻĽ飬Ҷ̫ʧˣ
ţٴϮʱҲҪҸطúöһ
˵
˹˵ҿԱ֤ռɭλĻǵӣһѹ
ʲô㣿
ʵ
»ֻϧҵУ߱Ԫأ
˹˵
Ԫôҵ֪˭ӵмǿĻԪأ
˭
ҿ˹С㻹Ǻúú͸˹صİɣҪĶ
˵ʲôҸ˵һҪģ
뿪ʱ򣬶źƺһֱڵĿ⵱ȻǼʣҲ˵㣬û뵽˴󹦣˻ô㣬㵽ʩʲôԻ䣿
ţԻ䣿
ЦЦź飬ҪҵļôֻϧһҲֻܵūңԺ󽫻ˣ
ô˵ʲô˼
źȵȻȴûһޱƵıӰսȭͷ޴йƵô˴ؿڡ


1788 
һ֮аѾβסеŭڴرҵ㡣
ϴЦ⣺ôĶ֮󣬵׻Щŭ
Ҫ㣬Ҫ飿
аȵ
Ͱ˹֮󣬰˹а񣬺˳õ˻飬ȻаҲκ˽ģ˹ȻȽϺƭǰ˹һλŮаƤˣʲôСǻĺܲҡ
ֱֻܹôϲ
Ц
ҪΪȱٻ飬Ͳɱ㣡
аȵ
ʵӵл飬Ҳɱ˱ۣϣܽʵ
Ц
ظвѪˣǶվڣаﶯ֡
㱾ǳ䣬ŲҶֵа˵㲻Ҫļһսһķڷ
㣬ƣ
аȵ
û뵽ͽ鶼ļһ澹Ȼɱ飬ھȻܹһսʱ
Ȼабɱİգ󣬴ӶԷУȻ˲м
ȫмʵ
˳Ȼһ˾ʹ飬ڵаֻô
ص̱ҵ˹أɭ֣ȷв˶ɱ㣬Ȼ˹ضĳġ
£ܾСԺΪǵĸ󻼣
Ը˹̵ָĵܶаԼ˵̫ףֱӿżɽ
Ҹ߹㣬ԺҪǰ˵ǣֻһū
˹غȵСôˣ
뿪ɭ֣ڿຣУСӺŮˣ˽飡
а˵
ʲôȷ㿴ˣ
Ŀã飬ô˵
а˵
˹غȵѵˣҶ治˵Ůˣ棿
վǰаܸܵһɼǿŭڸ˹ڣаõĺܣȻ򶨣£ҾСӸûаƽʱѾεĶײˣ΢ᣬԲ˵οŮһ§§̲סˣ
ûкŮһҶɱСӣֻǰ˹ˣҪǽɱˣ˹Źҵģ
˹һ˹Щη塣
ûʲô£˹СȨҵ֪͵Ҹոʲôû˵ɣʵ͵ҲûκιϵŪҲûʲô
а˵
ûʲôƾʲôҵŮҪŪУҪɱСӣĻҸ˹ػһ
˹ȵ

ҹ
ϥڴظûȫչص״̬УϾﲢǾ԰ȫ
źʱ۾ˣ˿Ļܿһ˳ǵ
ź飬Ҫﶯ֣
˵Ϊܵ˶źϴŵǿɱ⡣
źͷҲˣ
˹ģ
ûйϵҵְɱ㣡
ź˵
㰵аĻһη壬źʵȴҪаǿһΣӦλǿߡ
ߣɣ
źȵĵдһǿҵľȻȥ
ѪˣԸ´Ҽ棬ҲǸū۵Ŀ꣬ź飬ҰģȻҰֻǵϰ˹ĸˣūȻûиı䡣
θ˹ɱ㣬ҲǱѡ񣬵ȻҲǼɱ·ʯġ
źȭپˣ㳢ȭװֵû뵽Ȼźɳȥ
źһȭҲ³˲Ѫˮ
Ǻ׭ˣûܵ˺
ʱΧѪ˶Ŀ⼯ߣ˭Ҳû뵽źҪɱ㡣
ź飬ˣҪʲôɱôҪ֪ǴĿ֣ûжĲϷĻǵȤģ
Ѫ˵
ǶźȴûȥĿֻһǾǻɱ㡣
Ѫ˶ӵȭУǷǵԸʵֳĶԱȣǶźȭдǿҵɱҪ˺ѿһ㣬ٴλһȭһȭһ㣬޿ɱܣȻӶźһȭҲõʮɣȭͬʱڵķ׭Ҳȫ
Ȫӿһ۳˶źһ
ȻԼҲ̫ķ׭
ҲЩоóĵã׭ǻһ԰˺ȻĲٷ׭
Ҳǽһн׭ܡȻΪԼԵ¶źļȭҪ֪Ͷźʼղһϡ
Ȼڴ˿̣ȴһҽУʶҲǸܵмǿ½Χ
Ҫ֪ɭɭλԵˣλҪǽɭλĻȽ
壬ǹȻˣ
˵
壬ҽɱ㣬ٶԸǣ
źȵ
ո˵仰ǿյУһһٻӰڿг֡
˹ˣ
źԥ
һǸ˹ɱ񣬵һ棬˹ȴڿУȻʱ̣ɱЩҪΪҪһЩ
Ŀ׺ݵĵ㣺СǺˣ
źǷ죬ǿյеİ˹
ĽǶȿܹ˹ڿУͬһ㣬յǹɳȻ
Щ˶ڰ˹ĶĿţ޴һӣͨɫһ޴ǯӣ˵
˵ұһġ֣ƺӵı־
磺ԶǣǵȷǺӵԶԸĵˣǵ͵ȼλ棬ǷŸߵȼλ治ȥᣬΰ̣飬Ǻ֪֮Ҳվ߰ɣ
ܹóԷʱ˿̵žȻ϶ԶǺеĵλʵϲں˹֡
ң˹ʵֻ͸˹Զ壬ûǻ۵ĿޣԼūѪˡ
ϣȻֻûзС
㿴һЩٵĸ˹أҪſзλʵ̫ˣЦһϵǵǯ͵Ļ˳ȥһɾ޴ڿ𵴳ȫ󲻳
ܹ϶ڷǹ֮£ġ׭ܡ޷ֵ
Щλ漶ǿߣ
ҲбǿԽԽˣȻûʵĻǺӵ棡
ǵǯӳɹǯס˸˹أʩչѣ˹ҲĮĿһĻı飬Ȼûа仯Ǹ˹ظһ㣬ĮЩ⡣
˹ңңЩĵˣҲ뱻ǳԵ
˹ر˵ǯǯסһɵĲɵӤһ㣬ûа㷴ʱע⵽аĿҲǳĿ⵱У˼ɭҲ˼־ȡ


1789 
Զ壬Ҫˣֻɭλ棬λ棬⴫صٳԶˣĻɭλǵˣ
˵
˹ؼ˵ԶҪǿߴͶˣɶˣ
ЦΪǲô϶û⣬ңʲôʱ㣿һ꣬ʮ꣡
ˣ˹أٶ˵һ䣬Ƕ֣ҶҪͽԴš
һֱû˵İ˹
˹ŵ̾Ͳҳˡ
˵ֿɣΪ˵ūһǺӣ
ˣ
˹һЦȰھʹ뿪ɭλ棬ĻҲұ֤ᷢʲô飡
ע⵽ȴһĳɣƺѾܵ˰˹ǿƺﻢ£ҲǺȵȷǱҪǿϲ٣еĻҪǿǣֻһˣȴ룬ذɣ
˵ķȻǸ˹ء
ңڲûлԪصĲҪֵǣܣ
˼˵ƺűʤİա
Ǵ˿̣˹ȴǷЦڵȷûηĻԪ֮Ǻ֮治У㿴ʲô
鱻ĵУ̯ƣ˿ǿںҹ貵ǻһüͷԽԽ飡
˹ҲǾϲЩ»𣬿ôס
ҲܹܵǿŻڰ˹бһɼǿǻапԱġ
˹ȵȻֻ飬浱Ҳɱô
˰գȻ˹Ȼŵȥˣǻģʱ򣬿ǻ赲
ߣ
˺ȵ
Щɫȫ뿪жѸ٣ÿ죬ߵĸ졣
ϲˤ˵ĸ˹ֶ˵ĸܣаҪȴŭôҪūң
аûз
˹ȴǴӿзаа񲻸£˹С㣬ΪΣ
Ұ˹ûн趫ϰߣģģ
ûж˵˸˹һۣôҲļλǿߣȻһȣ飬ҪǱ֪ˣչҪΪЦ
˹ֲǲ֪Щĵ롭
סڣѲǲɭλģ
˹˵
˹صͷһһԸİ취ʱεֵ
ֻϣһΣܿסԼ壬ҪٹǺ
˹ȵĿͶźϣֵʱûмǴĻλڿдսɣ
ź鿴һ۸˹أ˵ˣҾƶˣֻ벻ɭƻǵж
ź飬˵ѵʱ򣬲Żǳκ㶯ֻ֣㣬ûʸֻūûɱ˵ʸ񣡡
˹˵
źŵһɫ
סˣ
סˣˣ
˹ͷû˵ʲô뿪ˡ
аЩ²ؼ߸߹һۣиģаЩ벻ͨ벻ͨźҪֲٵȻûжʱ㡣
˹ǿŰ˹뿪ıӰһ鴤ڶźոûнĻ룬㻹ǻվǰʱʹ޲ѣ°˹Ѿʱ鷳

¼ʱһ䣬Ҳǻص֮С
췢һУźƣȻа˹صĽа񣬶ź飬˹أҲɭֵе֡
аͶź鶼ԼĿģΪ·ж˹شܵаƣɱ졣
˵УаѾǱ۶֣źλǿߣ˹ļλǿߣҪԸź飬Ļɭ֣һֱڱ

ȻѾŻаʵݾߣĻ˹ûа̵ļһܲҪɱ޷ֵ˹Ȼֹܹ˹أҲ¶˹
ܵ˹ơ
ڿгֵˣ׾ٽļλǿ߸˹ǯϣץСһ㣬˵ʵ弶λǿ֮ϣߣ
㰵˹ֻǽ¶ʵȴûб¶ʵ˼λǿߣ󣡡
ޣ޵һ;ûݾΨпޣܸϳЩһ
˼ûܵκθţڰǰʵʲô
Ե˸ո֣û뵽ζԸǾ᷶գʱչȷѡ
ͨ춦˳ԪϣֱӽС

޾֮ء
Ǻӵеļλ棬ɭλ沢ңԶ
Ƭϵܹոɱ¾˵Ǳɱ¾ʬ壬ûбɱļһﶼϵĹţǵĶͷϾ亹±ǰȺĶħɱ
ǳ֮ΪħǸողɭλ壡
ȻˣǾ޴ޱȵǯǯһ֮󣬱Ǵȵ޾֮ص壬ŽһеĻ򣬵ǣȴȱһ̵ֵƷʣǾʱƣǵǿֿǸ˲ҵĴۣ峤һС̣Ӧã
壬޾֮ϵΨһ塣
ƣǶȴһ㲻ͬĶ䶼ǽɫģҲһֱΪ顣
ԼĻԾǿǽɭλʱѾ𷴹
ǣ˵׻Ǳǿ̫࣬˸ոɱľ峤
޾֮˲ûа㿪ģһֻ޴ޱȵ˵죬Ȼûռɭλ棬޾֮رɭλ滹ҪһȼҲǿˣôʱƶƻҵǾ֮ʣ
ʧܾʧܣûʲôںҵģɭλȻֻλ棬渽еԴȴ޾֮ضȲϵģңѾôǴĿǺҾʯһһԴɭλλüã˿أɹЩ޾֮رȲϵģ
˵ֻǿϧŮӵл飬⵹Ǹ鷳飬Ҫ취ԸеĻ飡
飬ˣ죬ҿҲֻȥѰˮ飬ĻӦأ
ˮ飿
˵ô
˵ˮ鶼ǱһԶŻǿߴȥɭλ棬ڳˣˮӦҲɭλ棡
ˮɭλĻͺðˣֻҪˮõ֣ŮˣҲη壡
˵ͽˣˮϢӦòǰɣ
ͷʵɭλʱҾѾ֪˭ˣߺߣ


1790 ʼĹ
ɭ֡
ɫ֮С
˹ƺָյĳͰ˹̸˼ԶһЩ⣬֮һתװİ˹֪֪ε࣬Ѿʧ˺üˣڶЩİΣأ
㣬һɣǺûаϵô֣㵹ͦģ
˹˵
˹˵ûʲôֻǾóԶ壬˶ûκθеģСҲһ˹ֻǾһ°ˣ
ܹΪҰʼǣȥ֮ǣҵʯ촫أأ˹ΪҴʲô
˹˵ҪԶӼֵΪԶˣվ
˹ؾһ亹ʵʵǸҲȷʵЩ£ⲻòһ£
ʱޱˣȥ´αǯڿУ޵
˹˵
˹صͷȻл𣬵ǻڰ˹ǰ
˹Ÿ˹صıӰ΢΢ҡͷķȥ
ֱŶ룬ûκαܻ䣬ϥľϵ㣬üͷ΢壺ȻֻԪӦڶУ
СӻǴ󵨣ɭвٵˣȴǱ˹طֵĻǾҪٵ
˹˵
ޣѵҪһЩôң˹⼸ӦûڱǯסĿ־֮аɣ
˫ͽȻ
˹Щȣոմⶦгʱ䵹ǡôǵһٵô
㲻ᣡ
ҡҡͷ
ȻмֵʵվܻᵣвҵĴڣ
˹Ц
Ҷ԰˹Сֻأв֮⣬ҵʵԽǿԽܸ˹С
ţֻôѵû˼
˹û¶κջ񣬵⻰˵ȴջˣ
㿴һ˵Ҳ˹С˼
ÿһŮ˱Ȼϲ˶ע飬ʵûһŮ˲ϲ˵Ҳ⣡
˹˵
˹С㣬УǼĴڣ˹ƽʱΪ˵˵Ż⵽˹С

˹ҡҡͷΪ޴˼ȡ㲻ͬ㣬Һܿ㣡
ĬƺѾ˰˹ġ
ţҵĳޣҲ˳Ĭô
޹»˹С㣬ңһɣ
˵
˹һ˿ȣʼɭλǿߣҪģ
˹СԳø˹ȥĻʼ涼ɣ
ѹôҲĹϵ̫ңҲ
˹˵
˹СķԸƺûоܾȨɣ
󣡡
˹˵

뿪ɫ֮ȥ˿ຣǿðʼеɭС
ճɭ֣Ѿܵһ˿Ϣ
ҡҡͷ۸ճؾҪһֻ룬Ƕţ
㣬㵹ʧ죬˵ʵһֱڵĳ֣
а˵
ǵɱ۵ĻȰ㻹ǸϽ
ҡͷ
㣬źûɱ㣬Һ⣬ɭ֮⣬˹СǹܲģעҪҵУ
аȵ
а˵ҪɱңأһǻվǰʵϣڵʵѾˣ㲻Ƿһ
ʱ򣬻᲻ô񣡡
аĵгֺЩɫޱȿֲеϼڱΣǣаȴǿŰĿ־塣
Сӣѵбһǿʵ
аѹš
һ鶼޷ܵļһܹԽܣ
Ȼһ漣Ĵһһδεĳа
һΣҲ⣡
㾹Ȼһȭֱӽаĺȫȥ
аܸо㱣ʵûȫͷų
⣬ܣŽɭֶã㲻ܳҵģԲܣ
аٴλһǰһС
ȻʵȴòòǰʵѾ㡣
ĺٴαƵ
㲻ǻлôԳٻĺ
˵
аȵû뵽ڵʵȻ֮ǿȻл飬ͬˮ飬Ϊںϻô
ЦôǷɱô
аҧǲɱ㣬ɱˣûκΰ취֮ȴǺܼɵıɱΡ
ôǺ𱾵ɱ㣿
ݸ
аȵɱң˹ػģŹô
ţеô͵ʵɱ˹صʱٽһɱɣۻ£ٸŵĻһģ
˵
ؿຣλǿ߶ܸܳϢĲͬ°ʵ㣬⼸죬ɭֵе׷ʲô飿ôܸоЩ̫Ծ
оȣ¶ֱܵģ
ţ
°ҲǸƢ˵㣬ǲʲô鰡ֱ˵˰ɣҲǵİ
ʼҲ˹⼸Ҳһоɭλƺ֣ʲôҪһ
λ涼
ȻĻôЩλʧλһǺӵеһ֣
ʼ˵
ðɣɭֵеȷش¹ʣģ
һ˵°ļ㵹˵ѽӣ⺢ӣ
˵ļ˵
ţɭλˣ
һ˵ꡣ
°ûһɶ֣ܰôûְ
ǰ˹͸˹Ͻɭַˣǲ޷֪Ϣģ
˵
Ǻӵһ棿壿
ʼ˵
ǣΣ֮ǰһΣ˹ûˣ
˵
ȻѲǿ»ԶʩչǵȷԿ
ʼͷ
⣬⣬ɭλɲ̫ˣǰԶֶ֣壬Ǿɭλĵ㰡ⲻǸλ治ô
°˵
˵ɭλԴӦǿеģǺеĵλãĻ벻ͨΪʲôҪԶᣡ
Ͼƹ˵ĲûĻ岻һζ˹ģ㣬û뵽һʹô𺳵ϢǺӵУѾҳһˣֻϧֻλǿߵʵĻҲܽߵȼλ̽һ
ʼҡҡͷпţ뵽ʲô㣬˵˹ûԸЩ˵ģ
ţֵʱǳˣ
˵
ˣ
ʼҡͷ


1791 ǰ
㲻ʼ˼Ҳ˵ʼ棬ʲôô
һҪһλ棬ɭĵ͵ȼλ棬ǾԲֵģȻη棬ȷ޷ܵģǣˮȴܹƻ飬˲Źһģ
ʼ˵
ô֪ˮϣ
˵
ˮ鶼Ǳ˴ɭλģһ㼸֪飬Щ˸֪ܲ
ʼ˵
ʼ棬˼ڴž޴Σգ
˵
ʼ˵㣬ھͷɭֻ֣ǸԶİ˹ܱ㣡
ҡͷˣѾˣ
ôܣˣôܸܲ
°˵
ʵ
ʼ˵Ҳоˣ
°һȣѵڵʵѾԶǣ
ˣ
ʼ˵
յУһֲ棬ຣǿҵ𶯡
䣡
濪ʼѿʼ㣬Լλǿ߶С
һֻ޴ޱȵɫڿУ㵹Ǽһ棬ߵļһӦǸ
˻ֻ࣬λǿߵʵҿûз
˵Сӣǻصģڿຣ㼸ų֣ıͲüʱȥɭλռȨǻֵðɣ
ʼ˵㣬Ȼɭ֣ｻң
ǿҲ֪ԣҲ˵ҪǱץסɭλͽڰУ
һʱǿĴǯѾȻ
飡
λǿȫֵ
ܹѪӿ䡣
°˶ǯӺķ飬ǿߣҲ˵ˡ
ʼ˶ûг֣ȻҪΪϺ
㣬㻹ߣǵѪɲܰ
ȵ
ң
սȭͷ뿪
֪һ뿪ʼ˽Ρ

ȵʱǳ˳ȥȭȻȻȭͷײǿǯϣһ㣬ֱֵӱǯӻɡ
ʱұȻһȭȻֱӽȥ
ͣ
Ѫ
ҲǺһܸܵ˿̵ѸʧС
ʼȵߣϾƹװ
ĵһȻֱӽ޷⡣
һԿ
࣬һ㸶Ĵۣ
ŭ
ɱ˵ֻɣ
ʼȵ
ǿƣĵлһǿ۾ûգһ£ұȻӳ
ƺһȭܹʼɱ
û뵽ǣһȭȻʼ浲¡
ܣ
˵ֻλǿߣ㲻ܵһģ
ʼȴЦߣλǿ߾Ͳܻôˣ
ʼûа㶯Ǵʱıȴǳһ֣ǴĳֲӦʱѾɳȥ
ŵøҺʼսæ˳ȥͷһһ¡
ڵϣһϢʼҲ˹ȥϾƹô
ˣһϹͷˣ
ҡҡͷ
ʼͷֻǿϧ
Ȼǿϧ°ǶڿС
ʱһӰȴǰ֣㣬ʼ˵ôûɭ֣
˵ȿȣ㻹ĸԣĲŹ֣
˵۱һɣҲҪʲôɣֻ㱬ʵǲֹλǿأͷ¶ţ
ʼҡҡͷǿɲҵ
˭
ܲµģ
Ǹǿߣ
Ȼ
Ҳ֧̫õģҪٶһҿҲҪˣ
ʼ˵
˸һصɭ֣˵ĿĶ˺˵˹Ҫȥ
˵
Ͼƹȥһɭ֣
û
Ʋᣬ˵

ɫ
˹һأ˵ʲôСѾ˻δ̫˰ɣ
ʵˣ£㻹Եȵɱʵٽңһɱ
а˵
ߣǸңа˹ˣĻͱյˣңλǿߣҪңֱǳ˵Σ
˹ҡҡͷСӦسɴ󻼣
£ֻԳ֣лɱСӵĿܣֻǰ˹Ǳߣ
ҪȻᣬĻ˹Źҵģ
˹˵ߣ˹ȥ
һ·ϣ㽫׭ҲǺõԽԽ죬˵ִ﹬˹ҲԳӭӡ
ҲǰŮȻȥĺʱȴǻһЩ̫ݵ飬ϴν黹аԼӭʼ档
˹ǵĹֶأ
˹˵
аʼһۣȻЩ㵣û뵽㾹Ȼȥຣ뵽ɭС
ȻһҪɱа񣬵£סеŭûƻΧ
ЩҪʼ棬˹أѵ
˹˵
û˵ǰ˹ɲҪ߹࣬ǲܸǴٰģ
˹˵
ѵܣ
˹ʵ
ҡ
˹˵ôҲǻߣһǯǯڿеĲ״Ϳ˿ڡ
ǰ˹ʼȥ䵱Уȫû͸˹һ۵˼
ûиȥ˹ĮĿһСӣҪΪҾû취ܻ죬ò˵һˣ
仰ҾӦøɣ
߱ߵҳŸ˹˸ָ
ǣʲô˼
ָǿµ˼
а͵

䵱С
ʼ£˹˵λ֮ǰѵ״ȻôصĴˣ
ʼͷҪˮ˵˳Ȼջ˿
Ȼģû뵽ǷҪɭλ治ɣ
˹ҡҡͷû±ãĻҲҪ帶ۣ
˵⻰ʱ򣬼ΪֿĳĻ
ʼ΢ͷƺð˹ܲһֵֻϵԶ㱨ɿ϶ļֵ
֪˹Сҹк̣
ʼʵ
ţʼ棬жţоҪɭλյ׻
˹˵
˹С˼ǣɭλǷһֱԶƿ֮аɣ

ᣡ
ʼҡͷȻҲƿ֮У
˹һҲ滺ܷ֪ңɭλջ˭ƿأ
˹СҪ˵
˵ǣ
Զߣǰ
ʼ˵
Ҳǲ³ʼ˵˭һȣš
˹ૣԶߣǰԶߣǰѵ㣿


1792 ޾֮
޾֮ء
ЩǱվԣζޱȾ޴󣬵ҲԿó˶ܲˬ
죬ֻλǿߵʵȴһǿʵ벻ͨ
˵
ʵļλǿ֮ϣڻ򲻿ܻģ
˵㵢ɱʱ
ô᣿ҪǲӵĻ¾Ҫɭλϣ
಻һֱӵģֻҪټһ¾޲ˣ
˵˵ʲôûˣս黹в㣡
˵죬ԸΪ鸺𣡡
ڲ׷εʱ򣬶βܶɭλ棬ƽԷеĻ飡
ҡͷ
ˮǶԿݾİ취ûˮ飬һܹˮ飡
˵ıѩǣıԪأԶԸ飡
ѩǣҵǰˣֻҸոɱ峤ǲ׾ͷ
죬³ɣǽɱ⣬ҲҪѩõ֣
˵ͷҲϣ°飡

ʼû뿪ɭ֣ܵϱĴ
ǵĵҲʹø˹ЩΪð˹ԽԽˣһܣܵ˹İڲҺô
ЩҪصԶȥȻͰ˹̸ǺȴǾȻŸ˹ػȥ
аȻ֪˹ص뷨Ȼ֧֣Ҳԣֻϣ˹֮ǰȫɱ
Ļ츳ʱգȻ˹أʱҪɱûôˡ
˹ˣ˹ȥһˣ
ź˵
˹ң
˹Щɻ󣬵Уû뵽Ҳڡ
˹żɽҵõһϢѾռ޾֮أҲλɭλ治Զһļλ棡
ôռļλ棬ˣ٣
һ뵽˵ǯǯסԼˤ˹ؾЩɵ
޾֮ϵ屻ɱ֮һĿ꣬Ӧûɭλ棡
˹˵
ˮȻϣҪɭλҲף
ʼ˵
ˣ嵱һѩǣܹˮķ
˹˵
ţǱõ˱ѩǣ㹻ɭλˣ
˹뵽ʲô취
˹ʵѲȥ޾ֹ֮ǣ
˹أѵôһΣ
˹˵
ʲô޾֮Ͽȫ룬˭Ҫȥֵط
Ҫȥ
˹㿪ʲôЦҿɲЩĶ֣
˹غµҪ
УѾ˾ģȻǧټҪɭλ棬ԴУȥ޾֮ػǣ
⻰Ҳ˹ǰ˹ĻҲԻѡģĻÿ춼ĵʲôʱɭλ棬Ȼǰ취
˹ҡͷȥҲﲻʲôæҿشӪɣ
ѡȨô˹أ
˹˵㣬Ҳȥ޾֮أ
ˣҲԸЧͣ
ź飬
˹ȴҡͷ
źǷŭĵ㡣
ʼ棬ʲô
˹˵
ûУȷȥһ޾֮أܹ٣޾֮رϾļλ棡
ʼ˵
ˣһƿɭλĽ磬ֱӽ޾֮أ
˹˵
˹Ƴһа񣺡Ҳҽȥ
аȻЩ뵽ҪǶˣԼҪɭֵʼҪǱԼĻǻЩΣգ

ûѡȥȨȻҲûбҪѡȥ
ʼͷ˵ĺܶԣȱľѾλǿߵʵɭλϸʲô
޾֮أȻһᡣ
ȻҪ͸˹ػаһ޾֮أ˵ûκţ
ڵʵаѾ׾ٵ飬Ը˹أҲԽܶԷ
˷У˹ɭλĽ򿪣Ǹңλִλ棬вܻ
֪˹ҿɲΪǺе
˹˵
аȻҪ㣬뵽ö֣ҲǾʹա
ʱ˱Ѿ޾֮صա
޾֮ؿ̺Ȼɭλ浱̺Ҫǿ١
λĵȼԽߣ̺ĳ̶ȾԽ
֪ˣлŲѪζҵϵʬҲûдɾкܶฯõʬ壡
˹ҡҡͷ
аʵ˹С㣬ǾҪˣȥǱѩǣ
˺ܽҲܾǿǲģȥǱѩǵ䣡
˹˵

޾֮Աǡ
ѩأû⣬޾֮ĵطû֮һ
ȻҲסһȺʵǿˣ޾֮رռݵϢҲ֪ǲûͶ
⺫Ƿսס
Ȼ⺮ǲʲôҪĵУ˲ûɳǡ
ȻѩǾںǵУòԸһˡ
ܿ˰ΧǣЩҲǷֵ
һʱ֮䣬˼ѪϢĴӣڿָɱ¾ľ޴ǯӣûһΣż˱ɱһ
ɱɱЩˣֱǿϽѩΪֹ
ȵ
ðŻ⣬ƺܾûɱôʹˡ
ЩȴȻŽһ£ûбסһ˺ȵˣǽȫɱ⣬ѩҲǵģ

ǯȻʵ̫⣬ԷǯֱǯǯҲ֪մ˶ٸ˵Ѫ
飡
һͻȻڿ쳹
Χ˾ȻĪԱѪգʩչʶȴǾȵĳͣôܣôǿ
ݣ
һӰڿǰ֡
˹ȻһƣֻٴԱҲס֣
ս涼ֹͣ˿ſеļ˶һɻ󣺡ǡ𣿡
ţ࣬ǵĶɲǽɫģ

㣬ЦСӣȻôּˣϴûץס㣬ǰΪѣ
û˵˹ȴЦξץô
Ȼʶóİ˹ԷĻŵЩӦⰬ˹ʵȴ˹ûֱ£Ҳ᳷˵ġ
޾֮ظʲôҪ֪ɲɭλ棬ģ
˵
ĵط
˹Цֻǣɭλ֣޾֮أҲܼȥˣ
㿴һۿǿ־壬ɵ֮ɫ
ûĻܰ˹Ϊ˹лӵһŻ飬޷ֵİ˹ᱬܿ־˵ʲôҪǸϳ޾֮أ


1793 
ûĻܰ˹Ϊ˹лӵһŻ飬޷ֵİ˹ᱬܿ־˵ʲôҪǸϳ޾֮أ
ѵ˵Ĳ
˹Ц
ȵɲʲôʲôһɱǵģ
Լ֪ⶼڸĵĿ־壬ûкͰ˹һս
Ҿ㻹ӦȵԼİΣɣ
˹аһۣһ˳鸡ڿУ˹Ļ֮ϣһֱ֮档
һƬ˶ֱ֮սЩʵˣ
ʲô
ǿ־壬»鵱еĻǿֲ
ȥ죬׼޾֮أ
˹ȵ
ʣӴܳȥ
Щ˼뿪Ҳ˿ǿ˹˵ĿЩ֣˵ϸмҲûе⡣
һ˵𣿡
λΰԶԱ
˹ؽ˵
ԵԶԱ𣿡
˵
˹˸˹һۣʾҪ˵
ʵ޾֮ض죿
ǺǣȴǽģЩɶˣոһѻʹ죡
ˣǸո˵Ҫϳ޾֮أ⵽ǲİ
˼
ǷģԶӦòǻ˵󻰵ɣ
Цſ˰˹һۡ
Ƕޱȸм˹˵ˣһὫ˸ϳ޾֮أɵģ
Զ꣬Զ꣡
Ƕ
ȻԾǿǶԸǵ壬ȻҲʮѺá
ˣˣѩǱЩ͵ˣ
ЩС͵ѩǿǺǵôԾ͵ߣ
˶ˡ
˹ü˹Ǻѩǿŵֵסǵõ֣ηǣ
ȥͼ亦¡
ȴǿ˹أƺûںûеõѩǡ
˹ҲǵסķҲúƳɣʮ־˹ض̾һɶ칤֪ǶźǵĽ˵ģŮˣ
еˣֻ֮һŮԣǶûڸոյսУҲǶڸԼûг
ȻսȴŲŮԿɷʬȥǿ˭ûһᡣ
ǵ˵ѪᣬǶǺģԸܹ߳ѹأ
ĻȻúе˶ܹ裬Ͱ˹ڵһͥУֻʣһ߰Сĸոںкս
С۾ͨ죬Ϳ޹ǰͰ˹Ϣĵط
˹ʵʲô֣

Сش
֪˹㲻ǻˣ˵ܰǰϳȥô
˹ЦſһۣҡҡͷŮӣҿɲóСŮ
˹˵㱣֤뿪޾֮أ˻õţ
ԥ˵ǺȾƣ
ƺ˽صһЩ˳ȾƣôСľ
ⶼҸǰսƷǣûüãͱһ̳־úûȥ
˵
˵ûȶپƣ뿪ʱ򣬰˹˵Ըϳô
ҿûʲôǴ˵ģ
˵
ǺӵѲ壬¾ǽθϳ޾֮أ´ҲǻģʱҲ֪жСŮʧȥ磬ʧȥף
˹ҡͷ
ӡУ˹СɲŮأôֵͻȻתô
Ц
˹ָϣҪǰ취ɣ
취ܼ򵥣
˵ҹ۲һ£ʵ࣬ȫȽȥɭλɭ֣
ֻҪסǵʱ޾֮ؾһտǣžռҲò̫Դ
˵ȻһȽϸӵİ취ԶĳԱҲ촫أ޾֮ʽΪԶĵ̣Ҳģ
ｨ촫أУҲԶռһûжԴλ棬˵ĵһ취Щסɭ֣ҵû
˹˵

˹غаסıݣʵø˹ؾ͸ˡ
ֻһ׷ԲԵո˶ӣû˼дǡ
Ȼ˹ҲԸдǣа˵ϢŭеľǲģȺɣ
˹صͷ˹ǷˣȻҪ壬Ҳ֪ܸԶ棬ֱǴ
а˵Ҳð˹Сûʲô˼ȻԴ壬˺ʲôϵأ
ɭλ棬ȻڻŽˡҪǿԭͽˣ
£Ҿð˹С㴦㣬㣬ʵԽԽǿʱҪ㷢ѣҾӦʱ򷴻ˣ
а˵
ʲôΪǰ˹Ķ֣
˹
£Ȼ֣ǲ첻ְ
ʲô˼죿ΣǼһɱң㿴ô
˹һĻƤˣڡ
£ֻҪһ˹С㲻Ƕˣ
ʲô
飡
аһ˿а
˹Ҳ˵ϣҪǸ죬˹ȷռˣǣĻɭλܻᱻռ찡
ֺη˹ص£û㣬ǰ˹ǶصԶȥأĺŮˣ˵Ľռͣ
а˵
˹ëȻʣҲ壬һţ治һŮˣ
ǵµ˼ǣͬҵ뷨ˣ
㽫齻죬ɭλǱռݣҴ˻صԶȥܱõĶ࣡
Զ壿£ʱϣܽһϣ
Ҹ˹ضõˣһ򲻴
л£
а˫Уڸ˹ίȫʵϾΪ˽Զ壬ԶǺеǿ壬Ȼܹ󲻵Ķ
ͷһ˲䣬зųâаЦ㣬츳ǱȻɭλ棬޾֮أվǸޣɾͲ̫󣬵ֻҪҽԶ嵱УԶĹǱԶѪǾ͹Բˣа񣬿ɲֻΪɭλϳΪǿ֮ˣǺӣаĿꡣ


1794 ˹ǿ
һ֮
ǡ
аڵϣ˹ŭڣ˹ģȻһ˳ȥץס鶼ˣǿ鷳ˣҪ֪ûл壬˲ηǣ
˹վǰûκα飬ƺ޲а͵˻飬˹Ȼһ˲ĲãȻ˵ˣѾ֪ˣ鱾ĶǱߣҲûκιϵ
˹˵˹ѵһﶪ˻飬ǲӦóͷô
ţū˳ͷ
˹˵
аһɫɷ׵Ŀ˸˹һۣҲ˵ˣҲⲿ𣬿Ǻܿͻǹˣ
˹Ÿ˹أ˵ҾӦʱȻصԶ壬Ȼ㣡
ȥ
˹ҡͷ˹أЩ˿ˣǻһ·𣿡
ôˣ
˹ؿаһۣǱΪ飬а񽫻׸ˣǶû뵽˾Ȼô˸ϸǡ
ȲȻҪ˹
ô޾֮أɭλ棬˵ϡ
ǵˣǲϣǵĳбɻĻͷǵĵֵҪ֪ϵǵˣ
˵ںϷɢ
Щȫӳг˳ɶˣ˵ʲôһģб£ͽȫɱɣĻ޾֮أҲ޷Ǻǣ
ߣ
˹ȵ
ȫɳӡ
СһĻҲǽͷ̽˳ȥյɫˣҲŵúϲ£
˺Ϳվ˵ǰ˵һźͶ
ΪˮˣἫѶԸ˹û뵽ںȴ͵˺ѩǣ˺ѩǣӦ飬˹صаǽֱӷϣ鵽ҲǽһҲˣ˹ᣬԵǴ˳򺮳ǡ
죬⺮ҪãԶˣҲҪɱ
ɱ
ҲǳŰ˹˵飬ѩǣУ˹㻹ʲô취ǣȰ㣬־ܰɣԶĳԱᷢ䣡
ᷢô׼ᷢң
˹ϴЦ⡣
˵㳤õǲǿϵ˵ŮˣԺսǺӣǵҲһμѻ
óӺһô
˹ϵЦ䡣
Ѿܵ˹Ѿ׼ˡ
˹źεǣܸܵ˹Ͽȥô򵥡
Ļ鶪ʧ۾ûգһ£Ȼűʤġ
Ҳû뵽˹ܹ˵ǸͲںĵʧҪ֪һֱΪ˹лŸҺԿ
ȵȻڤ粻飬ұȽɱ֪ʱҲǿԸɵģ
˵λô
˹ϵЦŨˣһ䰵ɱĺɫõ廨
죬ȽѵѵŮˣ
ȵӴǳŰ˹ǯӴȻȻȴǿ˹Ϊеվԭأƿ̯һŷ
䣡
˭Ҳû뵽ǯӣȻ˹İ˺ˣ
һֱ쮽ɫѪҺ˵
˿ⷬҲƤһôܣ˵ǯ壬ô׾ͻᱻٵģӲһ֣
ǯӶˣ˵³ʲô
㲻ʵ
˹ҡҡͷ˭֪أֶҲҲһ
˵꣬ڵŵĿǱ˫ۣȻˡ
а͸˹˶һͣȻҲ˵ˣ弶λǿߣ˸ǿкѩǺͻ飬ʵһ㡣
ʼ˵޾ܹ֮ȫ뷨죬Ҳ˵ıأ
İ˵
˹˵ôô
ʼ磺ֻǺһǯӻ᲻
˵ĶԻ׷ŭˣһ֪˭ǰһǼʶĿֲģ
ǲλǿߵʵ֮߳һȼѩ˳һɹ˿־ĺ֮ͷų
Щ˶С͵͵ǵĺѩǣС͵
ıˣ
ѩǳ֮ǵ¶ȸӵˣյƮŶ쵰ѩٴθһããѩ
ߺߣ˹Ѿ⺮ѩǵ㽫һŶôãһһģ
ô
˹Цԭ֪δ㣬ϲô⺮Ƕһɣ

˺ȵ
˫֮ϣżǿĺ⣬ƺΪǰ֮ҽǯӻ˹ȭ֮ŷȻ˹ȴһЦһƻ
䣡
޴ƺҪըһ㡣
ȵǹǿɢȥ
ֻ˹һ˵ֲ¶ˣǼһֱҲᣡ
Ͽȥǰ赭д·һλ弶λǿߵֱжһ顣

ڿתʮȣʹԼ֡
˹Ȼһϵ塣
һǺѩǣһǻ顣
ѩǱֱӶ򺮳飬С
а۰Ͱ͵ĿŻٴν밬˹֮ڣҪ˵ȴվң˹˵ǰģûñ˵õҵˣ
а͵ĵͷ˹С˵ǣ
˹Щţ˹ֻǸң弶λǿߣոյʵ
Ҫ˵Ҳܲˣ᲻Ҹɱأ
˹úЦ
ȴӣոհ˹һƣͰ˹֮ʵ࣬ұȫѣѪֹԼûнǯӱ¶ȥˣĻڵ³ܿܺͿһ·һ
شǱԶϳȥˣ
˶
ЩҲǲҶȻ֪ԼⷽѾھԵƣǵܻܲҪһʺš
˵벻ͨʵΪʲôʱҪûǣûл飬ȻĶ֣
ǺӵѲ壬ҪôͲսҪôû
˹Ŀ䡣
Ҫɱô
Цѵ㲻ı
˵ˣҪˣ
ң
˺ȵģ
ô
˹һ㣺ʲô취ɱǣܽͷ֮ޣ
鶼УҪô˹С㣡
˫С


1795 鱨
飬˹Ҳ鱨ҵ
˵
ȷ鱨
ȷΪǺӵеĴܣʮ㣡
˵
أ
ǣǿɱûа
Ը鱨ܹҸı⣬
˹һ۸˹ء
ߴһ˿־彫˴ȥǯӽɱ־ڲȴ˵㺦ʲôҪ飬ˣ
˹عװû˵
аҲҿˣ˵Լ飡
Ȼ֪аֻСɫ𲻵κãҲûнҴ˼
˵ɣˣҪһҲĻ׼ɣ
ģұ֤˵ÿһֶã
ʼ֪Ѿ˵һϻˣ
ã˵鱨йԶŻģ
ԶŻ壿
üͷ΢΢һ塣
û뵽˻ʱԶŻ壬⵹㼫ĵϢ
˵
õģ˹Ҳ֪ǴѣԶŻĴѪѾˣǣȻǺӵǿĴڣǿ磬ԼǱܹģ
˵ǣȻ㣬ԶŻѪϣĻǾûкᣬʹǵĴѪǺӵиϡ٣
һЩλϽԶŻȻǿĴڣǵٶȸܹģԣΪ˱ٶưǺӣǺӵһЩˣɱԶŻ壬ǳǺӵУ
˵
˹˵鱨ûио˼
˼˵˹ԶĳԱҲڴ˵УҵλǷ
˹зŹ⣺˵ʲôԶǺһ壬ôܻɳ飡
ʵϾǺ֮У˲ԶŻ壬ǽǺӵУûĸǶ֣
˵
ⲻܣҲԶĸ߲ԱȲʵ飡
˹ҡͷ
ȴ˵ˡǸ֯㣬ѾɱλԶŻ壬ûо

Щɻ
˹˵ÿλ涼ӵһ֯ÿλֻǸλĶʵ޾λҵѹܲ
ͷ
ôõ鱨ģҪûв´ĻӦòڡˡУ
Щһû۹⣬ôˣ뵱ҲǺеһԣ
ʵôõ鱨ģ
ˡж׷ɱһԶŻʱñǵ˿嵱һȺıң鱨ǹģ׼ȷȴǰٷ֮ʮ
һݰٷ֮ʮ鱨뻻Լ
˹ЦһŹô
һݰٷְȷ鱨ҲҪɭλԭ֮һ
˵
뱣֤ҵ
˵
˹һЦҪԼжǿˣ
𶯻飬ٴ߶飬ʮҲҪˣ
˵ˡһ׷ɱĿǡ١ǿԶŻ壡
١Ǹżλ涼ǹƥݻٹˣǺеĴ
˹ȡ
ˡ׷Ķ󣡡
Ǻɭλʲôϵ
Ǵɭλȥģ
ɭλ棬һЩΪͼλҲҵ㼣
˵
ﰵɭλȥԶŻˡ٣һȥΪͼλ棬˵Ǻ;ǿ߼
һֱӽżλȫٵЩˣ
ɭλҵʲô
Ȼǡ١㼣ҵ䣬ȻһüǮˡ
˵̹Ȼ
㵹Ǹˣôܸ˵鱨׶Ҷʲôֵô
ôûУ֪ˡϢҵ١䣬ȻܹԶڡˡеĵλǧѷĺûᣡ
Ҹ㣬ҰȤûأ
˹˵
͵ҡͷ˹㲻Ѿ鱨ˣǵԼҪŹң
Ǹῴôųӣ
˹һ˵ĺѪڵϡ
˹غа񶼴͵վԭأ˹˵ѵôĬĴﲻڣѵʲôô
ң˹С㣬һֱĹ
аϽ˵
˹Ҳǵͷ˹ոҲǲѣҶɱˣ
˹˵㣬ҹͨºǵˣԸǽɭλô
ţ
ͷ
뿪ʱԺж˸ո˵鱨ʣ鱨˵ô
ΪԶŻ塣
ˡҪľԶŻˣҪȺǺӵѾʣ壬֮һԷҪĶҲǳŽȸУʵĻˡϵĻ޿ӡ
λǺӵеĴԶŻˡ٣ǲɭλϵľǿߣҲһԡ

ǵдһܸм˹ںǵΪΪȻûп˹ɱˣȴǱ˹ûȫճɻҽңۿű˹ɱģڶǺݺ˳
೤ƣҲͨ˵㣬˵һ磬ǸطλлĻȥ磡
ʲô˼ѵ޾֮صУռλô
ֻʷ̫˽⣬޾֮ǰҰ޺УԼǿŽЩҰͳͳߣΪ޾֮صˣ
˵ƬеˣǵҰΪ׺˵ĺᣬԣ޾֮طˣҲҪսǵѪԣ
ͷѪԣҲʶˣȷ˾̾ôеĿģӦòµ˰ɣ
㣬֪ǵ뷨ȷȻˣһӴ壬ûж޾֮أһλǣǾԲηǵģҲ뿪޾֮أ
˵
سѡ񣬵ǳûеЩײУ룬ĸΪĸ缸ǰǯɱΪڶ¶֮һŮˣӲҲûпһᣬ֪ǵѾǧٿף㶼˵ԼǿǣҪȫսĻ˭̳ǿ־
˵
˼󷽲˵ϣɭλܹ־ȥ


1796 ֵǮԴ
ɭλ档
һӰڿຣиȭӰһǰӹһ㣬з˺Ѱ졣
Ӱ㣬ȭ
Ѿ뿪޾֮ذ֮ˣ尲ɭֵУຣ
ȭȭԼͨ춦ЩļԪء
ʼȭҲǷµʱ䣬ڵʵѾĥ͸ˣԶŻѪǿֲ
ʵǺӵУСĺ΢һͷˣӦûǴڱˡ׷ɱ״̬Ҳаģ
˵
ϴѾ˵鱨ȫʼɭУǣ㲻֪˭
ʼḻܹԼٰ
ʼüˡҪɱʵǿԶŻˣԶԶûдﵽǸ׼ȻҪС١ʵҲúЩˡˣ
١λΪͺڰľǿߡ
ҡҡͷǰۻΪ١ֻǱǿһЩڿҽ֮·Ǻ֮󣬵ȷ룡
㣬Ҿͷˣɭ֣ӦöӾ˹غа˺޲
ʼ˵
ͷ˹غаǻˣ
¶⣬ʼ涼΢΢һ
ӿຣصɭ֣ⲿЩ޶ԶóȻ˵ǰ˹߼ҪûֻҪȥüͷ
ڰ·ϣҲͻȻͣǱ߾Ȼֵ˭͹ˣ
ûж룬⴫ֻǴԶ˹У˹غͰ˹ڣȻȥ˴ء
ûãǸܵǵϢŹƽ
ô̵ʱھռɭλ棬һߣǸɵ൱Ư
һͳ
壬Ҫ֪˹ߵ˭ȫȫæýЩ˸ܵģ
˹˵
ǽ빬Ǹ˵ͳĿĿһ㣬˹ؽܵһūˣֵһᣬֵһᣡ
аЦƺܸ˹شǿޱ飬Щƺѹе˷ܸвŻȽȽ
˹˵㣬һΪ࣬и˹أҪûʧĻ㵱ʱǯڿƨӻͦɰİɣ
㿴һߣҲǰ˹Ǹ˹ص壬Զ嵱ӦһĻ˹ȥӭӡ
˵˹㲻˵Ҳܲµˣ˹زļλǿߣҪԸЩˣ̫ˣܻҪģ
˹û˵ʲôıܹԸ˹жôмΪĵ˹Ҳǻٹһ㣬
壬ҿɲĳЩˣ﷢ôصȻܲϵҪʵ̫ˣҼѻأ
˹˵
˹ҲҪָ㣬ɭλ淢κ¹ʣ㶼Ӧǻ㱨Ļ͸˹κʧԶشʧ
˵
˹˵ҵ·񣡡

ڷ˹Ҳûֱӽȥʮ죬ǿٳЧˣ
ô
۾״̬гˣ˹СôңΪ̸۷绨ѩµİɣ
Ҿ̸绪ѩ£̸ô
˹һЦƺĳضʧˣ㲻˵ӣҲǾúЦҲˣеļػߣʵǿҲǸ˹ص壡
ôᴫ͵Ϊ˹أ

˹˵˹⼸͵͵˴󣬴󷢳źţ֪ˣ
͸˹زͬ㵹Ǻ
˵ᣬһһҪռɭλĹ˹ȥ˹ؽ޷죡
˹ҡҡͷҲ֪Ǽһӣźûǯӽɱ
Ȩ֮ܿ⣬ʲôΣգ
㣡
ң
ɻ
˹˵ǵ˵鱨ôԶŻ嶼ǡˡɱĶ㣬ΪԶŻѪܹأ˹غ£ǰͲģ
ˣ
˵
˹ز
˹ҡͷ
Ϊʲô
Զ嵱еĻѪȻǷѪ߹ˣӸϵ
ѹôϣ˽ɱ
˵ɱҲûκιϵ
˵׻һߵˣˣƲϵôοļػߣɲļλǿߣʵ֮ϣ
˹˵һø˹עִģٲݱ¶ȥ
ʵڲУֻнɱˣ
˵
ȻŸ˹ػעִ磬ԶŻϢ

˹صķ䵱Уһŭ͸߹㣬ɭλһãҪ֪ͨңĻҪȫ˹ƿصĻҸûĹͣǺӴңǧСЩ͵ȼλ棬ͬмǿսԵλ
壬Ҷ˵ˣǰ˹ŮˣҲ֪һֱϲţȥϷţҲ㱻
˹غܿƵ˵Ҫ⼸չصʱܲźţǻ֪ɭλϷ飡
Ⱜ˹ȻǻҳԱ츳ȴǳĸߣոҺӴѾ͸ʵˣ
ɱˣǸӽλǿߵˣ
˹˵
λǿô
зųȹâ
˽һĻܸǣ
ʲôܣ
йءˡĻܣ
ô֪
ɫһ䡣
ģ
˹˵Ҳ˵ֻеķʦһЩۣ
֪˵
˹صͷ˵һһʮȫ
Ͼȵɫ󣬱ΪǼܵģΪǣ̫飬û뵽Щ˾Ȼ²ˣ
ôˣ
Űٷ֮ʮɣһЩҪĲ֣ǲ²ⲻ
˵ûйϵԶŻ壬Ͼһ̫ǿ壬ǲĻĳư֮գҲܵţ
壬ǲֻҪǸԶŻѪˡһᲶɱ
˹˵
ţ۶ԷʵΣֻҪȷԶŻѪͱֻǿϧѪ飬ֻСˡеЩԱӦǶǼ߶˵
˵
ҪЩ߶ھָһԶŻ֪ԴǷֵǮ
˹Ц


1797 а֮
ɭλԶŻˣ
ŵ
Ȼô˵
˹˵
˵ֻҪԶŻˣǾǴһ
зŹ⡣
˹ظ뿪ڣʱȴǱ򿪣˹һǰ˹ɫŵЩ԰ף˹˵ֻסϰϰߣ˹ʲô飬ֲǵһαŶ룡
˹ػẦȫΪҪ˵֪ʱ˹ĳ˽Ҫ֪ǰ˹ˣҪǱ˹֪йأȻŹ˹ء
Ȼû뵽һ㣬ôϲ׷ʵ˹ãˡҲ֪˹˵֪ɭλһλԶŻˣ˭
ģ˹ؼȻ˵Ļ˵ɣ
˹˵
˹оȣĵʲô˼ѵҪ㣿ҲԣһʵõԶŻˣûʲôֵµġ
˹ԥһ̣˹Ҳ˵ǡ١ô˹أѵǸһǺӵи˶˲ô
١
۾Ҫҵľǡ١
԰Ϊ˵˭Ҫ֪ǿԶŻˣһλϳֹһǲˣ
Ҫ١ԶŻˣ֪鰡ҡ١ֹܶ͵ȼλ棬һһԣڱˡɱǺӵУѾû֮ˡ
ҡҡͷ˵١ɱ˲١ˡǿߣǺӵУ١ֶЩŷɥ
˹ͷһ֪Щʲôĸ˹أȻסĵطҲûʲôõĵˣи˹أϵʱͶЩɭλϷɣҲ˽ȻǺϻģ
˵꣬뿪ˡ
˹ŵЩβ֪˹˼ȻҪ˵Լͻ൱Σˡ

˹ƻ˹صļƻʱѾҵ˴ظа
ƺоŴ󣬿ҲһЦΪ˭ԭֻǸϲŮ˱ļһ
㵭˵оǺȥһԶܲӦþĵ˹ūĿİɣ
Ȼᱻ²ԶܲȷҪģֻӵ޾ʵǣ˹̫ķԣԼҪһȣ
ΧûʲôѪˣ˵ĶԻǰȫĻƾŸոаⷬȻҪ˹ش
׼оԼԶܲ
˵
ѾвͷˣֻҪķģҾܴ͵Զܲʱ㣬㽫Զң
аЦ
ҡͷӵԶѪΣҪôҪ֪ԶŻ˵ѪǺӵǿĴڣ
ߣһ㣬ˣ˹صɭλ棬ѾʵȨˣֻҪ˹Դ磬ݺܿͱ¶ʱֻȫʬ
аٺһЦǰǾɱ㣬ʹ첻٣ڣҵǲϣôΪĻҵǿ󽫻ûκ壡
а񣬴Ҫɱҵһ̿ʼѾУɭ֮ҵϣܹ͸˹һɱڿѾȲˣ
˵
аû뵽Ȼ˵ɭ֣Ҷ֣
㶯ҪֵطۿɲҪ
Ц
аĵгһȻ
Ҳܲһ磬뾪ˣ͸˹ء
ҵҪڵʵĸΣȻ񣡡
ɭҪɱԼһǷˣаȻϴκ㽻ֻ֮ǰΪԷܹô̵ʱھԼʵ
Ҫ֪Щ쵱аҲڿ޺źǿҵġ
飡
аĺƽ⣬ȭǵ֮ŷǰʱаܸܳԼѾֵסˣ
䣡
аҪȻȴˣȭֱӻؿڡ
а³Ѫ
ͣ
ܣѾӵλǿߵʵɭλϣʼҲֻܺҴƽ֣ôһӾӵôǿⲻģ
аĿһֱڴϡ
ȥԶܲȻȻ׶༪٣Ѿֵܵˡ
ʶͷųȥҪ˹ȣȻĽȴʶϵ
ѷɣаޱȿ־Ŀħһ˫ʱһĻȻڱ˵統УһΡƺԺпЩɱˣЩͽܶһӵצ沿Ҫɱ
ŵöͷǺˮ
ڴʱһȴǻߣǿһɫӰҲûаš
ɫӰǶź飬þȻ㲼˽磬ȴֹ۾ۿս
źаûʲôøУȴһֱΪжд̣ۿаҪɱȻҲǰͲס
ź飬СҪɱңһԲѵ˵ǰ˹һ£˵ûʸλһҪɱ㡭ˣҪٽɭ֣һľ㣡
а˵
Զź뷨һȻ֪ô
źһɫ˲䣬ûʱȥаⷬȷԣؿڼǰδеķŭȻȥ
аΪܾôߺߣˣ
Ц
źʵļλǿ֮䣬µĿޣʵѾִļλǿߣ˵ǰĶź飬Ǹ˹ԳҲԲ֡
䣡
һȭźˣͬǲţǰЩ˹صһսʱʵȫѹԷΪʲôһ˫ǻһλһǶź鱻ȫѹˡ
аҲһҲû뵽ʵȻ˶ź飬ҪߣȻȴֱǰ
㣬ɱң˹زŹģ
ɱô
Ц
Ȼǰ˹֣ס㣡
а˵ֻҪңԺԣ԰㣡
ȥһͦ˵أܽϵժۣȻˣ
ɫһ䣬ͷų˵Ĺâ
ź鿴㼸󲻳ٶȳ֣һ̣аؿٴһȭ˫۷ף˫Ȼ£һɫ棬ǵɫ澹Ȼֱӽаյһɶ΢΢һаȻǰ


1798 Ѫ
ȻһĻöźеޱ𾪡
һֱƲ㣬Ȼ棬аɱˣǹɲ֪ȴ޿κΡ
ź˵㣬㵽ʲôѱô
ѱ䣿˵ȥˣҺ֮ĶԹģУź飬Ҹĺʲô˹ĸµ˼뵱ĻҲֹģ
˵
ź˿ΪҪѱ䣬ɱ䣬ɱԼ
ɱаصеľȴǰΪȻҪ˹ɱ
ǰ˹˵ļػߣųԽʵҴ⡣
ȥһֱӵ˹Ҳûҹֱķű׺ײŴӱչص
˹һŭɢſֲɱСӣǲ㽫ҵūɱˣҪ֪죬Ѿʧɭλˣ㣬벻ɱ
û
ôҵҳô㣬ڰ˹ϣұͷһûн壬ڿ
˹˵
¶ɱҪҴô
ģһжҵģ
˹˵
ţ
Ц
ǿֲЦݣ˹ȻЩɣһ̣˵ڿʲôЦҳţ
Ҫ½һ̣Ͱ˹Ȼһˡ
˹˵˹ãСӽҵūɱˣˣһ֪ôأ
ΪԸ˹ظ޼ɵ
ɻԭҺͰ˹ιɭλ棬ȴû뵽ⷿ䵱ȴǱɱ׳ʲô飬ֻΪһūô
˹˵ûк͸˹˵ūҵȥˣ
ȥˣ
˹ز⡣
Ҫ޾֮أܿ
ȥ޾֮ظʲô
ǲ޾֮صģפѵдô
˹˵
˹˵Ҫȥפ޾֮أΪβСӣҪҵˣ
ˣˣǸཫǼŮɱʱʲô飬ȻôΪˣ
˹Ц
˹ػ˵ʲôȴֹסΪһ࣬ҲôƲסԼ޴뿪
壡
˹ЩģҲ޿κεĸ뿪
ȵ뿪˹ҡҡͷոɱǼһҪ֪ϵԶѪɱҶӸϵ
ֻ˲˵
˵

˹ԽԽԾȫ벻ͨ˹ôܽаȥ޾֮ء
֮ǰӵ̬ȣ˹һʲôʱȻҪֿ
Ȼ˹ؼɵ˹ļػߣɭλʵƿˣ˹ضΪʲôԼڰ˹ǰҪηηβġ
˿ߵֹ˵˹أ֪Ͱ˹֮ìܣҪǣԴ룬ɭλ˵׻ǰ˹ģٸӰɣ
˹лʵҪа취ץ˹İѱûпܡ
˹رȻ˸ɱ˵ơ
붼룬˹ȻԶѪ츳ߣһٮٮߣɭλ治׵ˣӸϵ
˵ĸʲô飡
˽ԶŻ㲻棿
˹ؾƴˡ
˽ԶŻˣ
ҡͷɭλϲֹֻһλ١ô˹ô˽ԶŻˣ
壬֮ǰ˵ʵԶŻˣ˹֪ȴһζӣ
˹أɲģˡǺӵвɱԶŻˣֻҪύȥһȷϣǱǴһ
˵ǣ˵ԶŻ˾õģˡʱɳø߶˵Ѫֻ˵ǣǲǣĻҶҪܵǣ
壬ûаյĻԲὫ˵ģԶŻٶȶ쳣ˣˣƾһ㶼ȷӵԶŻѪˣ
˹˵
˵ҪĻҪ򡮴ˡźţɭλһˣ
Ҹ˹رĶֻҪܽͰ˹һɱͺˣɭλ棬ֺµĸܣ
˹ҡҡͷУ壬㲻Ҫͻصܲɣһ˴ǻɱֵģ
صȻźţźܹáˡ
˵

Ȼɱ˸˹أ󻼣⼸߾ǹƤҩһһֱһ飬ûаᡣ
ļػߣʵλǿߣⲻԶԸġ
ԣ˼·
˹һҹ㣬ߺ⼸͸˹Щ֣Ҹ˹ػһֱעŴأƺڵȴʲô
㲻̫װ˹˼Ҳûʲôֻ˵ˮڣڵҲûʲôá
ϣʶͷųȥȴܹܵǱȻǿ⡣
˭ִӴ͹ˣ
ȥ
߳ܹ˹ӭ˹أЦվһϿȥЩɭļһһֵĿһֱ㣬˹˵㣬ȻؿຣʼƺЩ飡
ܹ˹е˼ƺʱ뿪ɭ֡
Ȼǰһ⡣
ȴ˵˹ˣԶļʦҪڳԶŻ˳ֵĻһӲķۣô
˹ͷȻʵǿЩʦȴǡˡĴڣֻǲܳ׷κѪԶŻоһ壡
ôҪúÿˣҲǰ벻ľϲأ
˹ͷ˫зâƵгһС͵ķߣ˹ĿһֱϣȻҪ㾿ǲԶŻˡ
˹һ԰ˬ㣬ֻҪ˹ԶŻ˵ݼ̽նɱߣʱǰ˹޷ס㡣
͸оԾˣ˹Լ͸˹ģ˹ѾԼԶŻ˵˵ȥˣ
Ҳ˹ԼԶŻˣʱ򣬱һս
Ȼ˹ܿıҡͷ˵ԶҽйֻΪأȻһô
ʲô˹˼ǣ
Ǳ׼ѪûаԶŻѪ
˹˵
⣬ôܣ
˹һԾ
ˣŸ˹أȻǾԼࡣ
ЩĪǵ˹ŵһĨЦ⣬Ҳ˲ʲô


1799 һЦ
պá
˹ļ⣬Ҳø˹غЩȺ⣬û뵽Ľ
رоǱ˹ƭ˴֮һ˹гļʦȻףҪ󹦵ģû뵽ĽĳԤϣѵСӻ治ԶŻˣ
˵˹͵һ־ɣʵҲ̫ԶŻˣֻΪ˰ȫˣȴĴߣ
˹ͷ
˹رҲһȥģǱѵ˼䣬ǲһֱˡ
һ㣬˵ԶŻˣ֪˹Ǹ϶ΪʲôģϺͿˣ
ҡͷ˹С㣬ָһﳤأոտǺգ
ֳ฾Ǽٵģ
˹˵
˹زҺټȥҲ̾ˡ
˵˹ʶ
ţΨһʶѪʦҲû뵽ȻὫ
˹˵
ͷ
˹Ѿ׺ҷˣոֻҪ˹ͷǱȻҪԸң
˹˵
˹Ҳûգ
ȻԶֻ϶ֵӦõʲô
ţ
˵õʲô
ҺѾܾûмˣ
˹ҡͷҾڸӦùԼΪΪԼ棬Һܻܿģ
㲻ˣ
Ц
ȷҪôң
ҵһ˵Ѷ֣ûнɱˣҾ֪Զ˲ͬ
ܱǸҸĴ
˹䵭˵УֻҵūԷĶ󣡡
û˵ʲôǰǿŮ΢΢ҡͷ뿪ˡ
˹뿪ıӰĿЩǱ㿴ĳЩºƵӡ

ϣ˹صҵ˹ķ䣬š
˹ôţѵô
˹վ
˹ԭ㲻ڷУôûм棬Ȼúģôҽ㷿ɣ
˹˵
˹ƿЩ䵭
˹˵ǵϴμ㻹ܲǰʱѾһǱǿŮˣû뵽֮㾹Ȼ͸˹ؽɭλᵽУ
ֻ͸˹ؽɭλᵽ֣
˹ҡҡͷ𵽰ǵãѾǲˣ
˲ѵһǸ˹ֻǸӵлѪˣ̸ֽһ㣬͵ı£û˱ȵù
˹˵
˹û˵
˹˵ȥ˹ʵ㣬С˶˴ôŬ֤Լˣ㻹ᣬдѻᣡ
˹Һܸлûʵʵ˵ֻʵǲϲȥõʲô˵ɣҲһЮͼˣ
˹˵
˹ɫһ䣬ƺҪ˵Ļ˳ЩԭӦ˹Ļҵ߾Ȼ˵ˣȻ顣
죬˹˵˹˵ģ֪ߵǸԶŻ壬ʵǿֻļλǿߣ̫Ĳֺֻ㣡
ֺң
ţʵѾ֪˲ô˹ϲ㣡
˹˵
˹΢΢һƺ֮ǰȷʵԼ˵飬ʱİ˹һֻûͷҲһЦ֮ˡ
û뵽˹ִͦš
˹˵಻ţҶ㣬˹ϲģΪѪʦеλǷ㹦飬Ҳڡ
˹ֻҪһǾһõδҺòã
˹ȥһϡ
Ȼ˹ûажûкһ뷨ûУ
ûУԺûУǿģ˹ѵ㲻ϣһ˿Թǻô
˹˵
˹ҡͷ
˹Щŭ˹ĲԸһô
Ը⣡
Ҫ֪ߵǸ˿ԶŻѪҽʵʵ˵ˣضὫץģǾһһ
ô㻹˵ʲô
˹ɫһ䡣
˹˵û˵ʲôҲ㵱ҵŮˣⱾһҸ飬㲻ԸĻһ˵ʱҿۣʱֻֻรˣ
ǺǣЦһǰĵ˵ԼЮͼһ֮Ǳǲţ
˹˵
˹ЦƲԳԷƣǰ׸ңȻջظո˵Ļ
Σ
ֻԶԶĿ㱻ܲļεУ˵ڰޱȣûܻ죡
˹˵
Һ֮䣬ô
˹Ц
˹ɫ˵㲻Ҫвң㣬͸˹ڸȻʲôǿ֣ǶԸ´࣬ɱңΣ
Ѿȫ׼òңҪɱң
˹˵
ֻ뿴ܵĥѣڽľ
˹а
İǵˣ
˹˵
űƿ˹غЦĿ˹˵˹ȥһɭλŮ˵ζ˲ٵŮֻҪǵȨ㹻ֿɵã
˹ҲЦ˹û뵽㻹н죬ӽ֮ٲÿɫˣŮˣӦн죡
˹ûаֺ£ĿǵõˣҹؽṦ֮£
ٺ٣ɺϣԭҲģ˽ԶŻⱾǴҲֻ˳ƶ£˹ϣ㲻Ҫң
ЦⰻȻ
˹˵˹֪˭˭˰ɣ
Ϊ˺ܹץסô
˹Ц
˹Ȼ츳ܲһϣʵ˵УļػߣλǿߵĴڣҪҼǵòĻ֮ǰʵֻļλǿ߶һʵɣ
˹˵˺һӦ
ɲһˣ
һ
˹ĪĿ⣬һӴ˽Ų첻ϵɫȻء
Ȼ㡣
ԶŻˣ
˹ȵҲãʡǽ˹Ҫȥ㣬ڵǿһˣ
ҲǵͷС׸ˡ⹦Ͳһļλ棡
ߣ㣬һʾһˣ
˹غȵ
ûˣĿ⿴˹ɫ䵭Ϊĳ֣һů⣬˵Ӣ۾ģһģ
ʼ磺ȻӢ۾ģ⻹Ҫ˵ô
ۣ
δ˹Ц㣬ڼˡ
һЦǣ


1800 
ʧЦİ˹ȴٴλָĮĿ⣺ǿɲ俴ҵЦݣ㣬˹ؽˣ
֤񣡡
һڷ緶
Ҳҷǳֲˣ
˵һֺǿҵԽУ
ļػߣԽλǿߵĴڣҪԸ˹׾ٵ顣
Ϊ˹Уֻλǿߵʵ
˹㣬ҲŵĺܣСӣ֮ǰҪɱôڻǰǿ˭˭У
ϻ࣡
ݣ
Ǽ˶ӷ䵱˸ȥ
ռ̫СƺЩչ
ʱ˹Ҳѳ㣬ļλǿߣûнɭλϵ˷УڿУΪһԶı̬
ϯǿƣһɨձǯǯסڿв̬ܶ
ͬʱ
Ҳǳ˹ָ֣ӹϣĵһŰ˹ȥ
ӿȵ߼λǿߵһܴݹཫ˹˵ġ
˹ɣûжֵ˼ʵǿλǿߣѪʦоѪĿƼԱܲܵء
ûа˻Էͷһ˿ûС
Ȼĳ棬˹ֱĿɿڴ
ʵһӶûУ˹УֻܿΪĸ˹رһȭӿл棬Լ˹һжֵĻ档
ͫ׵кһƬǶ͸˹Ѫ
һΪҪȥ㣬û뵽ҽĻ죡
˹˵
ҡҡͷҲûиӢ۾Ļᣡ
ֵͷѪĸ˹˸ŸոշһС
ǱǿܹɱԷģȴû뵽Ǽһ˲֮䱻Էɱ
ر߼λǿߵʵȻԷɱܸо˹ʵԶˣƺڲʵ
˹һͣ𾪵˫ȴ
˹նϵĿļػߵֱۣҪǴܲЩ˵ĶУ׼ɣ
˵
˹Ҳ˵ңҸоԴʹ
Ϊǻܻô
˹˵
ɱң
˹˵ҿǻѪɱңҸŹģ
֣
˵
һֱӽ˹شѪвô
һ˹㣬㲻ҪɱңһжǸ˹Ĺ⣬ұͲҪԸ㣬ɱң
ôֻϧ̫ˣ
˹䣬Ҳֱӽɱ
˹ɴŵùɲΪл˵ʵ
ǻ˹ҸϲģԭҰֻҪ㲻ɱңҵûпԲ֪ģ
һ㣿
˹Ҫ֡
˹æ˵˹㲻ɱңҵϱоѪԱֲ¼ϵͳֻҪɱңͻ֪﷢ʲôˣ
¼ϵͳҲԶЩߵй¶ֲܲġ
㿴˹һ˿ɵҲ˵ҵ֪һ취ܣֻҪ㲻¼ϵͳҲûаô
˹ŵɫ䡣
˹ȴҡͷֱһƻⱲʹޱвң仹ȶ֮ˣ
㽫ɱˣ㻹صܲ
˵
˹ǻѪѪҺлϵӡΪЩ˲鲻ң
˹Цӽ쿪ʼҶԶǺͨˣ
ǺͨǲĿʼһŮһ𣬿ԺģҲįˣ
˵
Цʱ޶һӦȥĸλ棡
Ҫ뿪
˹ˣڿǱ߾ӦյϢˣȽٵ
˹˵
˵ִﴫأ˹ֱཨĴشݻ١
źѪҲװ˹˼ū˵
˹öź齫Ѫ˶ټн
ȵѪ˶룬˹Ҳ˵ǸҴλִɭλ棬Ѿвʱˣҵʱͺ˵ȻҵūǣһǣڣҾǵūݣǿԻصԼļȥˣ
ˣΪʲôҪѵʲôô
ǻ
˭ûֻΪڵǺͨǸңضܵǣ
˹˵
źʵˣôͳΪǺͨˣôܰ
Щ飬ǲҪʣѾѾָˣ
˹˵
Ըһֱ׷ˣ
ź˵
ź飬ҳϣǣ·ϣҲܴ㣬ûмǴĻλϻһСðɣҪչˣ
Ҫǰ˹ˣҵÿҲҪץ䵱ū˹ˣҸɣ
Уź飬㲻Ҫ˵ˣǻȥͻȥһε
˹ȵ
źû˵ˣ㣺һ뿪ô
ͷ
ǵúúñҵĶˣԺҪңʱλ棡
ź˵
û˵ȴҲǱź鴥
һȻ֮ǰ˵׻ֻҪΪ˹ĸ£ΪҳϣһҪ˹һӵū
˹֮󻹽˵һЩ⣬ҸԼ뿪ɭλ棬ȻʾźȻذ˹
뿪ɭ֣㿴˹Ŀһۣ˵ܲĵһô
ţѡһλռ죬Ҿɭλǿеλò
˹˵
˵Ҫ̫ˣȥຣɣ

ຣ
˿ǿȫɱﱾӦøį
ǣʼȴѡپӽ
Ķ˶ʱûжıⶴеĵӡ
ʼԽǹ
ЩҲڿ죬Ƕ֪ܹຣ̫ףûһ˸Ҳרĵġ
Ķе嶼ʳȻﻹһԸǾǼСʦ㡣
˵壬㿴ǱգǲСʦܣ
ʦ֣ƭˣÿ춼˵һأ
ҡҡͷ
ɫȴǼ㣡
忴ƺͦģҲǽĿһɨȥڿзУһò˼µŮˣ
͵κһⶴеŮ˻ҪƯ
ʱĶ˶㣬Ƕͣ֡
£㿴أ
ؽ㣬ͿˣʵҲ˼
ϵŮӺƯ˭𣿡
⡭ԭϲˣѹ֡ð䣡

˹û뵽ຣȻôûִ߱вĿɨǵȻҲ˹һЦŮӿϲģҪҪҺǽһ£
ȿȣʱɲԣأҵͦ˵ģ
Ц


1801 ƽ
ȻҲû뵽ຣȻôˣǸʼҲãٲ·
ĶеĵִຣΧ꺮ůΧһȺܺӣصԭؼûʲô¶
غֻԶԶĿ㣬֪ԼòİֻҪܿһۣ֪ڸʲôѾˡ
ʼ濴Ͱ˹һִຣ֪Ǳض֣ҲǺһصط
򵥵Ľɭֵзʼһ飬ɫǻȻһ䣬û뵽˾Ȼô󵨣ھȻѾԶǺͨ
ԶǺӵУڿȵǵһ壬Ҫȥ
ʼʵ
˹˵һʼ治زģҼȻɱˣȻҲк·㣬ɭλ棬ЩˣҪǳӣ
ɭеˣ
ʼ˵ģ֪Ĺǣ屾Ǿǿִֵ壬ǷǾɭ֮У뿪֮Ǻܻܿᷢң
ҵʱǽɭλ׷ɱûпǵҲԶ׷ߣԣɭλ滹Ҫˣ
˹˵޾֮Ҳļλ棬ǽɭλǿߣҲֻλǿʵǵȫܶԸǣ
ʼͷһ㣺СӣӵϽ𣬵ʵң·췢飬Ŀ㿪ʼ;Ǻӵʱˣ˵ʵҺڴ뿴١ص˾ɳһ
ڵңҵ괩Խ磬ľǡ١
ʵ
ıϣ
ʼ˵أ١ǿ㡭㲻һֱڴ͡١ĻôҲҲڴһأǲΣ̤;Ǻӵһ쿪ʼԶŻҪ׸ˣףˣ
Ҳ˵㣬ʶ̣ܹݵʦһԺУ˵ʼ涼Ѿ˵ˣһ·˳磡
˹һĻ֪ΪʲôǱһ㣬ָоЩģҲڱˣ˵ͷ۲뿪һôõôɿôʼ棬´Ҫȥ˵ĻǧҪשˣɡаɱˣһˣҸĶЩʦ֡ŸЩˣ
ۣ
˹Ŀڲһӣ̲סЦ˳˷У˵˹ܲٶЦһ£
Ϊʲô
˹ϻָ䡣
ǵиʣһЦǣЦЦģ
˵
ģ
˹ҡҡͷӹλƺϵıЩСӵ
ûã˹˵ȥλ棡
ţ
λɭλϱߣŸλ棬һ˼λ棬ռݣĸ壬ܹռԶҲ٣ضûн
˹˵
˼λ棿
һڵʵҲֻļλǿߣȴҪܵ˼λȥȻ
˹ͷȥλ棬мôһ࣬Ҳ࣬Ȼʵ㣬ڻᱻų⣬ڶλڻڶһλ棬ǺеĴȻռλ棬ڻûгɹûжԶˣ
ҵִλ棬Լݣ
˹ǿ
Ȼأ
ڲܻҵʵۿۣ
˹˵
˵ǰ˼λ棬㲻ϣһļλǿȥɣ
ʲôԶŻˣǱһҪǿҲڻλûаߣ
Ǹʩѹô
㣬Ϊ˵ΣŮˣ񣬳㲻ˣ
ޣ
Цұ㱣ҵ׼û뵽ûеλ棬Ѿ˵ˡ
ڶǺͨڻλ棬һŬԶץңۣ
˹˵
㿴һ۴ʱİ˹ֿޣ˸ŸĻ棬Щ

λ档
ǺӵΪİ˼λ棬ҲǸ߼λ档
ΪҲһЩˣ壬Զ嶼С
һЩƼλ淢չƼλ棬඼ǳһС
λҲ⣬ǿߣ
ȻûǿƽȻҲУӵлʼλϵߴ
ʲôԭǿ߲ܶʩչĻͻ⵽ʼλִӵɱ¾
ֵԣһЩƽڰŵ̯ŸʽƷߺҲǴ˷Χǿ߾ҲǲұԹǵ̫ӡ
λǺӵбƽõһλ棬㿴ֵഩŽɫӵô
˹ڽֵϣ˹Ҳ˵
ͷ
ִӣǻλıߣÿһִӵĳԱ弶λǿϵʵ
ǹ˭
ʳ
˹˵ǻλ֯Ϊлʳλϵ壬Ų
̸ʳ˹϶ЩɫǸص֯ʲôҵҲ̫
˵Ӧøʲô
ȡƽ֤
˹˵
Ϊʲô
ֻҪӵƽ֤ڻλܵģӴǵ
˹˵
ҡҡͷҵǿʵ㡭
ҿܱ׵õ
˹Ц
㲻š
ֲֵڣһͤӣͤռͦżλŽɫӵվС
ǿͰ˹Ŀⶼڰ˹ϣҲ˰˹֮ǰĻŮ˹Ȼƣ˹ͨ˷Ůˡ
ȿȣ
һִ߿ʾ˲Ҫһģʵλǰƽ֤ô

λ
λ棡
˹˵
λ棬Ѫ˾סĵطλ壿
࣡
Ŀǰʵ
ֻжλǿߵʵһ
Ǹִ˵ʲô֣ƽ֤԰ˣ
أ
У
Ϊʲô
Ů˸Ҫִӵı
ִ˵
ִҲǱӵĿһۣ˰ƽ֤ܵı֣οƽ֤ѾˣҪһЩӦܵƽܰȫ
ţҽа˹
֤
˵֤ʵֻһ£ֻҪ£һִܵӣõϢ
ոհ갬˹֤һȥͷԵļһǽͤӣĿڰ˹϶ܾãŮٿһ
ƺִӵеЩϤһȥǺ˼䣬ܾƽִ֤˵ߣƽ֤


1802 ʳ
ͤӵг˹ʵܾ֤㵹ǻ̹ѵѹô
ʲôѹģĻ飬Ҿˣ
Ц
ոհ֤Ǹˣʵ弶λǿߣȡ֤ȻҪִܵӵıλ棬еǰ̫ƽ
˹˵
ǻ߼λǿߡ
˵
Ůˣ
˹һۡ
Ҳˣ
Уǿһ㣬Ҫȡƽ֤Ҫ֪һڻλ滯ܲǱ߱ҵλãʱҶ鷳
˹˵
㲻ŮڱԹɷܣ
һЦ
˹˵ϽȥҸסĵطҿû¶ϰߣ
ڽֵҵһҿȥľ¥һ¥ǳԷĵطǵķˣ㿴һ£͵ϲ࣬ŵĺܶ࣬ǵӳԵĺܻϲ
Ƶϰ忴ȥǸ˹ˣˣҲЦӭϣǲ˵λڿλΣ
˹ͷЩˣ
㿴һۣ붼ǻ߼λǿߵˣӡ
˹ҲƺڸѹĻȻĴġ
һЩСˣʳ׷Щο
˹ԵĽζһʾǵһγԵ׷ǿ˿ķ羰ȵ˹ˣʵǴôˣ
Ӧ𣿡
˹ƺЩΣ˵
˵Ļʲô֪׼԰ô
˹գգ۾û˵
Щϵν˵ģ㷢ǲνǮңЩԱеϰָƣ
ָƸѣ˼λȻǰ˼λ棬ƼǷ
˹˵
˵ҿû˻棬ָƸѣҲûǮ
˹ȴǳǷԱ֣ȵԱóƽ֤λҵѣٸ׼һӣ
ǵģ˹С㣡
Ա˵
˵ִ¥ѡһ仹ǲӸǡ
˵ԭƽ֤ôãֲǿҲϧȥһţֱǳ԰͵
˹һۣ˵㿴˭
վڴϣҲչȥȻָոͤ쵽ƽ֤ǸҲ¥ɫҴңǶʲô
¥ˣ
˵
¥һзԱͬķͰڸڡ
弶λǿߣһѾһ磬Ǵʲô
˹˵
ҲǵͷܾСЩ֣ȻʶִӣȴΪǱһҪ֪ضûִǱ߰ȫɣ
˹Ҳüûã˱Ƕڷһ欵ôôŴţ

ǶЩǵ
Ů˲ͨˣ
˹˵Ҳ弶λǿߵʵʵ൱֪һıʲô
⡭ƺûʲôòµ˰ɣ
˵Ű˹ɻ˵͵鰡
͵飿ô֪
о
˵¥ȻƫƧҪҵҲôף͵֮ǰһƽ֤ǼִԱʶȻҪʲô¥һŮ˿Ҳ룬ҪЩʲôɣ
ģ
˹ҡͷ
лŮ쾭壬ʲôöĵģ
㻹Ҫ˵ȥô
˹һۡ
˵ûֻƺ鷳ˣ¥˸ڣ
Ȼڷ䵱УʶѾ鲼¥һЩ䵱ǿ߲½磬ĻǶڸʲô
䣡
һȭߵķ䣬޴ĳʹ¥ķԱһȥ׼ұ
߷䵱Ҳûκζ˺ҪӣȻӺǼһﻹǻʳĳԱģҶڲ壡
˽жУŮ
Ͱ˹񣬶ͦ˼
㲻ɧǵĿͻ
мˡ
ʵһ㰡ֻλǿߵˮƽ¥ôŻͦӲģ
˹˵
кȵһ㻹˵ɧǿͻҹԣ֪˭ô¼еĶУǸǻʳеˣӺ죬Ҫɱ
䣡
һȭǻš
춯䶼Ͱ˹ķҲ
ȻǷҲŲסмȭ
ΧԱһǶ¼ģǰһ
վ򿪣Ȼһȭ̽ƽ֤˳УҪｫһˣִӻôʰ㣬ΪǶ¼ֵס㣡
ߣʳˣȻҪȥһƽ֤ߣ治Ƕ
кȵ
˵и磬Һʲôû׵ģ
ץ˸ţȻ˵׵ģӽ첻ԹŮɱ
кȵ
ʱߺɫǻȻһ䣬˵Уƽ֤֣ǶԸҵĻִǲŹģ
ߺߣƽ֤ʱðɣ
׼֡
ȻȴЦһΧ¥ݴˣʶܹܵǼ˾ͤǼִߡ
Ȼǰͨõġ
˵ߣ㾹Ȼ㵽Ǻξģ
ӣΪʲôŮô߻ðΣպ͵飿㣬ҽͤ￴һλŮֻֻɣǽҪ
˵
кȵӹƽɽץʳô
־ܰɣУǶ¼Ҳڻλˣ
Ǽһ֣иֵסһץˡ
ΪĶȴû뵽ԷֻЮֶУվһԲ֪˵ʲôá
߸Ƕѵ⣺ӣҲԼӣΪٻῴô
бӦģ
˵
ҲǺȵְɱˣвҵĸף˰ɣ
ȥ
Ǽ˶뿪¥
Ͱ˹򿪷ţڷȻмȭӡȻǶдģ˹˵λϣǿ֯ǻʳҲмҪԿож¼壬ǶӦǶɵĶӣһΪҲλǿ߾磬û뵽ȴǱ߿ˣ
˵ߵҲգŮ˺һƽ֤ͽץˣʳ֯ҪԸ¼ˣЩûжϵ
ôûУ
˹صΪֻǴѵģ
Ȼһֱ𣿡
˹һۣҪԿԶ壬ǵ׷ɱұضҲҪԼ֮⣬λ棬ʳ֯
뵱ʳ֯еϴ󣿡
˵


1803 ɽ
ò˵㻹û뵽һ㣬һֱð˹һȽעظŮˣȴû뵽ȻҪ齨µԿԶ壡
Ǻӵһǿ塣
Ҫ齨Ļδ̫鷳˹뷨Ȼǵʳϴ
㲻ʩչҲ˵ʵ
㻹û˵꣬˹˵Ҳܵܰ
ҶûȤ
ҡҡͷ
ˣںһϵƣӦöԶԿԶôǲ˰
˹˵
ҶԵϴȷûȤ㲻Ӳȥɰ

һΪԶŻ壬쵼ܣ츳κ˶ٶҪ죬ڶΪԶŻ壬ԶͷŹģԣضҪЩʲô
˹һ
˵ҳΪʳ쵼ߣΣ
Ļ൱ڽλסˣʱкԶԿʱˣ
ƾһ˼λԶԿô
֮ҪûеĻⱲӶǶԿ
˹˵ңҪʳ£ɲô׵ģڵʵ̫Զ
ڼô

˹һЦӦˣ
ûѡиԶһвҲãѹʱǶ
˵
ͨ˾ͺãȥʳ
˹˵

ʳǻλϵĵһ
ҲλϵĶߣΪֵϵܿʳеִӡ
Щִӳ˱ƽİȫҲǼĴڡ
˻ʳλҲ
ץߵĶоǶ¼ɵĶӣ¼ЩλҲǼߵԼҸܲϣκִӣܱܵľҲûʳĸ߲ԱΪ
µʵϵõ߲׿ϵġ
Ͱ˹ʳأλڳǽɽˮʾʳλϵĵλ
ϾڵϿһһģʳļҵȻλġ
˴һСɽɽһͤӣͤӵվżִߣ˹ƽ֤óԼʳаʦѧյģǼִûΪˡ
ɽ˵˭ʦѧգ
˹ҡͷǵпûܵʦҸҲǲٱƽ֤ǿ

˵Ҫû´Ļʳпɲô׽İɣ
Աѣңɣ
ѵΪƯҺ˧ԭ򣿡
Ц
˹ʳе˱Ƚע츳츳ǿܵصȴ֮ѽȥˣ
˻ûִɽֿߣͼִӵɽϹƣƺھ¥нץǺ⡣
߸磬б£һƽ֤һŮˣ͸㶨˶У¶ͷ֪ӦӦأ
һִЦ˵
Ҳ˵ŮԭҲϲģԴһ֮Ҳ֪ΪʲôͶһȤûˣ㲻֪ոڷ䵱У¶ûоӶͤ￴Ǹ˶
ŮҲˣȷɣϧǣߵҷϣȻܹƽ֤Ȼûи
ʱŰ£û׷ȥ֪Ӧøǵģ
˵ٸɵ޶۵һˣ
˵ŻִȴվԭطǿʲôһȻֱȻЩҺġ
һģ
ɻǼִ߶ڵ˹С㣬ôҲɽˣλСֵܣ
߻ȻҲͷû뵽ĿĿŮ񣬵ȻǸĽʺ޵ˡ
˹ͷҪʳ
˵ʳû⣬ϣ
ǼִԱû뵽߾ȻְƱҪ֪ʳڲսĵ˼ϣҪ츳صĻʶʳеĳ϶ûá
ٵĸףǻʳе쳤ϡ
Ǳлʦ֣
˹˵
лӦģҴɽɣ
˵
ģ˹㣺һǾЩˣ㲻ôα
ҲǴԺһ֪ǲ˵ģ
˵񣬲ûб߿У˵ִɽϵһС
󣬱˵˹С㣬֣Ƚȥǿʦڲ棬ҵȴ
ʳѡεӣλһѡһʱΣȻһˣɵĺܣʲôʱɽǱԵˡ
һûأɽʵĺܡ
ߺܿǸλʦֲ棬ȴȥͷϢΣ
ȫʦְţ
˹˵
ҲǺһ㣬ð˹ܹ˵ˬ
ʳĿͷҲǼ࣬һŮ˵ʦ֣ҪΪǰһͷ䣿
Ȼͷ⻹𣿡
üǻʳпǽɭϣŮܲףѵ֪𡣡
Ȼļһ·ûͰ˹֮ĹϵҲǺںóԲӣ治ɩǳԵһġ
аߵҪͰ˹ʲôأֻ˹ɲǸǲҲռˣ
˵ķԵģҲ˼һڰ˹ķж԰ź÷ˡ
ֱڶһ磬߱ļǵĸͰ˹ҲǺĬͬʱ߳䣬߿Ű˹һЦգǿ㣬еżƣ뵽պԺͰ˹ɵʲôʱϲ
֣˹С㣬ǻʳеǽ䱸ɭϣ˵ǻʳеĶӽһǵ츳ҪǲõĻǾֻɽˣ
ֹ
˹˵ʦ֣һӣ֪Ϸ
ߵͷһְ˹ĬĸоǽһҴС浽ǣְֺҰְֶǳгϣ˵˸ͨ͸˵ǲôһҲܽ
˹ϲ״ʦ֣û뵽ôб£츳ãҲܽȥ
ǣҲʦ˭쵱٣ʳУ˭֣
һ
֮࣬Ҳ⿴һ㣬СӾȻûаݸУţСӲһҪƽ֤İ׳գȻôĿɽ뿿ⲻʵѵСӾһֻŰ˹СԵģˣʱɽһʦСӹɽȥ
Ҳע⵽Ƿ蹷һĿ⣬ҲһЦ⸽͵ʦ֣ҺͰ˹Ҫɽˣ
û⣬ϣ
ؿڣСӻҪƨΪжأ


1804 ʮ
ʳУӣ츳ߣսȥֻܴ
ɹףɹףӵĵȼ
ߺͽһǶӡ
ߵĹֵȽһϲ٣˵ӡ
һȴǡ
Ͱ˹ǰüˣνǽһؽҲ΢΢ͷܵ˵һֺصζ
˵һ磬˵ɽˣ
һͷĿڰ˹ǻϿǷǳܹܵ˿ȫ˼ڰ˹ϡ
һȷû뵽˹Ȼ᳤Ҫ֪ʱ̫ţһΪˡ
Ҳ˽׵ͷˣŮҪǲʳ̫ϧ˵㣿
㣬һû⣬˵ֻǸҪõƽ֤ķֵһᡣ
ǻʳУԣȰɽ׼
һ˵
˹˵ʦ˵һԳΪʳµģ˵аյģ
ˣЩεĿһҲ˵ʦֻΪ˹ǣǲҪκˣ˭ҲûƱܽʳأ
˹ɻ󣺡ʦ֣𣿡
εҪ⽯һӣһ²ô
ΧҲֻͰ˹ҪˣˣһȻҪһλҪ˵˵ΪʲôĻأԭֻǹĻ˰ɣ
Ǹ壬⣺üСӣҪô˰
ţ˺ܼ򵥣ǰװ壬װ棬ֻҪþǵȫ棬ͻֳͬɫ
ŶԭǲԽɫԽԽϣȥ
ˣǰװǼǱģֳֻǱɫģ
飡
һȭװ塣
װʾһߡ
ʲô˼
壬һǱ
һ˵
ɶһǱǲǻʳĵˣ
һǱֻһǱȼ⻹ԶԶܽǻʳ֮У
һҡҡͷ
ɶ˼˵ҪǱܽʳ
ҪǱһ˵ѣ
Ǳôܣ˭ܽȥģ
̫š
һһԲѵϴ壬㲻Ϊʵã㿴ҵǱٺ٣
ҡڵߵһǰȫȻװּߡ
һ塣
Ȼڰװ档
ǱҲǻܽǻʳ
һҡҡͷ
СɫҶУѵҪеӣҿɲţ
ȴ˵ǱУвӣЩȫʵģ˵
ΪҲ֪㣬ߣ㸸ǻʳĳϣҪʳѵҪ츳ɣ
㣬Щûнʳ˾֪ʣһ磬˲ǣ
ߺȵ
˶Щη˵ˣ֪츳ɽȥˣ
λѵˣ
Сӿһ۰˹㡣
˹˵Ϊβأ
йϵĻ϶˵ģ
СӼ˹ҲһƿȻǿ츳
ȻʧܣʹȥɣҪƻˣ
һ˵
˵ʵǴŰ˹صģǰΧû˰ԿηҪˮץѱӰĲֹ˵ʳ
˵ô￴ôˣҪûŪҲͰˣҪŪ٣һὫȥģʱǻʳڻλϺ㣡
һɫһ䣬Ҳ˵ûˣȻʧܣȻҪɽǻʳĹأǲعصĻͲҪǲˣ
׼֡
˹ȴ˵ȥ±˵л

һŮ˲ɵ˰ɣѵ֪ǱжôȻȥ
һҲɻŮ˲ˮô⵱˵ǷŲˮģϾڵܲ˵ǰ׵İɡ
ȷҪôҲ˵ģ
һ˵
ʵǲʳʧȥ˹ľɫŮ
ǿ˹ͷʱ΢΢̾˿
ƺѾһĳˡ
ǰװ嵱Уּ߲Ǳ
ʵ
ʱ˹һȭװ壡
󣬵Ǻȴ˶ع
⡭ողʼǱô
ǰǼأ
ǰװģģ
װ棬һʮߣ
ߺͽһĿ࣬Ǹû뵽˹ȻһȭЧ
ʮߣЩ˹ǵһһģ
û뵽ΪҪŪ٣ȴ츳ʵţ
˹Ѿǻʳеһˣ츳Ǳȼһʵϱģϲ㣡
һ˵
㣬ҪҪԣ
˵
ԣ
ͷ
˹Ҳ˵ɲҪ̫ѿŶ
˶û˹˼ȴֱһȭ
ǰװ棬һְߡ
Ǳ㣬ҲǻʳеһԱˣû뵽һʮߣһߣһԾӣ
һ˵
ߵû뵽ҲܽʳҲ⣬ϾΪ̫ˣ˹˲ȷġ
ûѡȻͷɥۼ֤Ͱ˹ʵȻҲΪǺĻ
һ߸ոճָʮǱĳǿߣΣѾ춼յ˵ӣǱߵأỹѼɣ
Ѽٺ٣˵ŵۣ
һǱߺٺֱЦûн˹Ǳ˵
˹㣬ڴȥʦǣ
˵
һҲǽ͵Һ߶Ƕӣ֮ϱһӣ֮ʦ𼶱ˣǻʳһʮλʦ˶һʦ㣬ǻǵٶȸӷ٣
Ҳǵͷûк⽯һԡ
һ·ϣ˹ҲǴ㣬츳Ǳܿôôʵû´ĻжʮߵǱ
ʮߣ߶ʮߣÿô
ԶŻˣ˵ܾͿܣոҿȫĻҲʮߵǱ
˹˵
ҡҡͷǲ׼Ͱ˹ȥ
ǽһܿĵ֮Уž濴ȥûһ˴С
ǻʳеԯǿֻһؼеʦǶڹעǣ
һ˵
Ҳǳ˵ʦλǻʳɵˣһλʮ߳ǿߣһǰǿߣ
ߣСߣϹô
һ


1805 ķ
ǰ߰һ˵ģôд
˵
һҲǲ⣺ѵǰװⲻɣ
ɲֹǰߵǱ
ֹߣǶߵǱ
ߣǱֵһֽ㣬ֻܸӦֹǱǣΣǻ
ڵд
ʱһҲǶڵУǴ඼һߣͰ˹м־ȵɡ
ʦôôˣƽʱ˵ʱǿҪѡܾأ
˵
һҲҡͷʾ⣺ѵΪ츳̫ǿԭô
ٺ٣Сޣ˭ҲħĻҺ˭
һϲɫٵ˵
ħǰβסˣΪǵʦģҷҲһһ
ɸڿУЩշӣЦص
ʦҲ˵еУ˵ڻʳдôãǵһοʦôҵ˵ģԺ֮·ƽ̹
˹ȴǷ˵λǰҿǻǲҪȥˣҺԼѡΣ
ѡǣ
Щζĸо
ħȴ˵Ů˵ͦ˼ͬ⣬ѡǣ
ҲҧҲӦˣû뵽ƽʱЩϲѡӣȻ㷴ˣ
Ůޣ㵹ѡ˭
ħ˵
˹ָָô뵱ʦĻҾԸ
ԸһϲŮޣԺһһʳеٮٮߣ
ħȻܿġ
˵Сӣأ𲻿Ů޿ǱԾˣ
˵ʵżħЩʦҲʵǿˣϣħõӣԼȴǿֶ顣
ѵ㲻ô
˵
˵ٺ٣ħǿ˭ĵӽСӿǸǱ޼޵ţŮ޲
ߺͽһһۣǶû뵽Ҫ֪ǻδʦǻôΪ
ߣ㣬Ҵȥҵķع
ŮޣҲȥᶴ֤ᰮģ

ߺͽһЩȻ뿪УΪԼΪ˹ʳǣȴû뵽ʵǲˣͰ˹ҲǱضʳ
Լ鵹Щˡ
ҲҪõ˹Ҳ̥˵һСӲ˹ɣҪ֪ҿǶǣ
һ˵ʲô㻹֪ôôĳ֣
㲻ˣԺҪǸ㶨˰˹һҪл㣡
˵
һﰵȸ㶨˵ɣⰬ˹ħϲħյδʳеٮٮߣôݵ֣
ߵǿȥӣ·һš

˽عȻӽɵĹɡ
ʵôɵĹûжٵӣǿϧ
ϧʮ˿ֻôһӣӦøеҲǣҺħԭѾյӵģû뵽ĳ֣ħ¶ͷ
Цڽĵط֪жٻʳеԽ
ҡҡͷҿûзκرĵط
վǰľرĴڣѵô
˺ٺЦӰȻһ̯棬ϳһش̣Ȼ
شǿ㶼˸Ȼû뵽⹬е컨ϣҲĪֵش̣ͬ
㽫Ҫֵסʱ򣬷ٴСӣ˱ܿʮش̣ǸϸĵˣʵңʵǱжߣ
ҡҡͷ
ţ˵ǾǻϣҪ֪ǱֵʮߣǱʮ߻ҪǿǶʮߣ㲻˵ǵǻпܱʮ߻Ҫǿٺ٣ҵǾħµŮҪǿϲ٣
˵
аҪ֪˹Զˣһ˴󲿷ֵͲˡ
صķķһܹ˺춷͵ضķ
ոշ˾ķں֮䣬
ķʵǲҲ
ڷعд죬ķҲʮִ죬˶ֻ̾Ǹļλǿߣȴӵôֲ츳׷ķһЩ߼λǿߣǰ˼λǿĻҲҪһ꣡
ȥҪصбҲǿ˹ߴ˵㣬ʲôչ˽һЩʲô
ôôҵҲ֪ħѧʲô
ʶԶ飡
ţȻأ
Ȼû˵ʲô˵ҼȻĵӣΪʲôԭݣ֧ң
˹˵
ߺͽһҲУǿŲԶİ˹ﶼģ죬ǿһ۶ûм˹
ʵҲǼ¼쵱Уչ
ǽչãΪʦ͵ӲǢȻҪ
Ͱ˹ʾãûκ⡣
¼ݵĶҲ˵ȻˣôǷ˵ĵӣ˹ħĵӣӣйΪ㣬ҪﵽһǧΪĴӣ
˼·ˡ
һǺɫģȻǰ˹ġ
һɫġ
·϶ǣÿһΣǱһš
ߺͽһǶֻˡ
߼˶ѾгҲĴǰ˵˹ҵЩæµʦˣ
ǲɣ
˹˵
Ǿͺãʦͷʦ﹫ǿˣָܵ㣬Ȼǲģ
˵ţҲ࣬ҽպʱ䣬ȥɽΣ
ɽԣ
ţ⸽Զһˮɽڶޣܹնɱ߼ޣˮĻٺ٣вٵĳй׵ģ
˵˳йףӵĵȼһӾܾѡʳĻˡǻλǿأ
ôȷҪõй׵ģ
˹ҲǴ㡣
߻ӦǾСӴ·ȥˮɽնɱޣ
һһӣɲ֪ڴʲô˼Ҫ֪ʱҿɲʩչֻļλǿߵ
ҾҾһֶֻܽ㲻˵ʵ
ҵˣǸҿɻûгǸ˰ɣ
˹Ц
߲֪˶ڽžĽ˵ѵǲңҿɲܵ˺ģ
ţʦ֣ȥˮޣҶЩȲˣ
ͺãͺãٺ٣
Ц


1806 
ˮɽʳ˵ĵط
ɽޣնɱޣܻòϵıЩޱܸնɱߴһĳйס
׻۵Խ࣬˵ȼ
Ͱ˹ڻӣҪһǧ׵㣬ܽΪĴӡ
ˮɽҲ׻ù׵ĵط
ɽɷµĺͰ˹Լǰˮɽ۳ҵľɫ°˹һ㡣
˹Ҳûбֳ㲻ͷʱͷͬӢ¼
ֵ߱ĺ˷ܣˮɽ޳ûĵشˣмҪ󣬷ĻҪϵȼߵޣǾΣˣ
ʲôȼޣȻʦֶЩģ
˹˵
˵ҿ弶λǿߣһȻУҪǳеޣҲǵвģ
У
˹˵֪նɱ޿Ӷٹ׵أ
Ҫնɱޣһǧ㳯йףɲҪСޣˮɽ֮֮ǵԳλǿߣ
˵Ȼɱޣնɱֻǧ޵׾٣ʱҲܸŻʮ㹱ףٳɶ࣬һյִĴӵģ
ٳɶ࣡
ЦҪ²ܵĴӰ
Ҫ֪ߵ˵ɱǧ޷żʮ㹱ף治֪Ҫɱʲôʱ
ˮɽȻҪɱߵȼޣ
λǿ߲սޣɱһֱֻӽĴӣ
˹һۣȻ˲ıϡ
꣡
ɽ֮䣬һ֡
΢΢üСģǵޣ̫ǿΪǳȺӣҲ׶Ը
һֻֻϴĵ޴ܴ˳϶ǻɫë۾ѩˣڶҪϵ⡣
˵ǺˣЩޣӦ
γĶ̽Щ޻ȥ
飡
Щ޹Ȼʵǿ˼ֻ֮ͬŵһɢ
߽ϵĺɫСȫռ˵Щڵʯ޲ǿЩʯҲֻʮ㹱װɣˣǴô
䡮õôʮ㹱ǿһô
Ҫ֪ǴĴӣʵҲû̫ô
ֻһӲлᾺѡֻҪΪʳϴ󣬲ϣưλ档
Ҳǰ˹뷨
һ㣬һǲҳһЩȼǿǰҿǻǽ˦ɣ
˦ҿû
˵
˹һۣҪã
˹ڵʦ֣ҸոǱƺлХ»Щ¡
Хѵͷ
Щη塣
ʦ֣˵ͷ
֪ô˵źãͷ޻ƤܣܷХȴ˫צܼм˾ǱԵˣ
˵
ʦ֣Һ°
˹˵
ҡҡͷ£ȥǱ߿ʦԭزҪҶҴ
Ҳһ˿գȻǻй̥뿪ˡ
˵ǼһɲʵҪȡжˣ
ôû
˹˵
ûкϼ˵ȥ˵Ҹո˻Х෴ķ򣡡
ţֻߵģû뵽㵹ķͷƤܣ
˹˵
߰ɣޣҺҲҪɱ
˵
˳ָķǰХԽԽǿһܹһ㣬㶼ؿڡ
ǻƤܿ϶ͨԣ־ܣ
˹˵
Цѹ߱Ƥŵð̣»ᱻƤܻ飡
ݣ
˺ִܿԴڵĵطһʯǰͣ
ǴӾʯ洫ģǻƤӦþˣ
ߣҳô
˹ȵ
࣬û뵽ǾȻηҵЩ£ȻҴ˶֣Щ죬ҿǳ˲⣬ζ
Ƥܵɭ
˹Ц˵˻һûаװնɱ㣬ȡǧ㹱ף
ɱȡף仰ö죬ǣЩ˵ˣȫҶأҲ⣡
ƤܿһͰ˹ǰǿʯȻѣžžžžһʯɽּ䶼һѪȸо
һͷ߰ɵľܳǰƤȻǻƤ˫צ쳣ɺɫģ۾ð⣬ſˮѪ쵱УһſŻ񣬿쳣𺳸С
Ͱ˹ǼʶˣûбǰĻƤס
˹ҡҡͷΪжôֲأԭҲˣ㣬ҳ֣㶼ܽˣ
㿴һ۰˹ĵûиԷôҲλǿߵʵҿȥɱҲ֣
˹ЦЦһԵĺϢ

˵ΪЦһЦǰæ
Ƥ˵ҶҪɱοһˣСӣɣ
㲻Ҵ⣬ȭȻ
ȻʱóǿԷԿ
ȻƤϵĻƤǸһ㣬ȭ棬ûа㷴Ӧ
ƤЦһΪĹЧô֪ôģ
Ƥܵצӷ㡣
ķ
Ǻںһ㣬ڿռ䵱ʧ
ϳһش̣ƤԭɥʧĿ꣬һ£ҲȻ棬һ̣ȴû뵽յֳֵش̡
ķķȻʹûƤҪһɱ뷨ˣӰٴγǰʱȵСӣֻӱô־վҲ˺壡
ʩչķķǺں֮ԸʵǿˣܹѶԷԸʵˣõش̹ǾķƤܶ޷ƽ⡣
ЦҪվԭزҲУˣ
Сӣ񲻿ˡ
Ƥܺȵ
˹˵ͷƤȷʵӦҪҳְ
ٺ٣㲻ֵĻҾһ֮ɱҵģ
Ц
˹ҡͷ޳ܣΪչֳأ
˵֮ʣƤҲΪҵһ㣬ȻȻ
˫צף
ȻƤܵھ㲻Զȴǳͣסˣ
ô£
Ƥܺȵ
ͷһ˫ȾȻһɫٰסˣģû뵽˹ȻʩչȻ˵Ĺơ
˵ھվԭأôɱأ
˹ҲЦȻʹãǺôħѧһ֮Ч
Ϊң
Ƥܱһ徹ȻЩ


1807 ʯ
Сģ
һ˹ҲǷƤȵ
˶һۣ˹ʩչ֮һٴӵסƤܵ˫ȣҲûаԥȭȻֱӺƤ֮ܵ
飡
һѵ𣬻Ƥð⣬ؿھȻǱһ㣬Ȼ쮳Ѫ
˹ϴһ˿ҵЦݣǽɱˣ
ٴһƣƤȫѣһ˶ĺɫСʯͷڵϡ
ǻƤܵʯ
˹˵
ҲǵͷʯѾĴˣһӣֽһ
ţֻгΪһӣ֮ܽλǵĿ꣡
˹˵Ǽһ߹ˣǹȥ
˳߹ķȥߵʱ򣬺˵㣬˹ȥˣˮɽɲģʱǿޣҶȲ㣡
Ǽʦ־þûĴߣʦַģзִģ
˹˵
۾һתŶҸոȥ׷ֻƤˣ˹˵ûȻȻѾܣ
ܣ
˹̲סЦ˳
ҲĪЦ㡣
ߺܰĵͷȻҪһҪɥȪ
˹˵ʦ֣
˵ûʲôǻƤܾȻҷХǣȻҪΪǳһڶУҿɫҲˣˮɽһ֮أ
֮أ
ţ˹ǻʳеĵЪϢĵطҴǹȥ
˵
˶ָ߳ķȥ
ҲܹһɽׯĴڣȷһ絲棬ȻǷɽ֮е޳û
ɽׯвٷ䣬ȴ̡
˵ڻɱ޵ʱÿ£ǻʳжʱ֣ûҲã徲ʺϢ
˹ͷȷʺϢȻԵã
ߴ˽뷿䣬ܿˮɽľɫһЩ޷졣
֪һ裬˷ֱһĲˮζڣǿԳ
ʦĲˮȻڲ̫Ʒ谡ȿ羰ɣ
˹˵
ע⵽һ˿ʧǼҪ˹ȵǱһ
Ҳڰ˹ɫʱһֱȻڴԼǰ͵Ĺ£˹ûдˣ̬ǧһĻõ߿۾룬Ҫ㽫ˮˣʱ򣬱㳹ٵˣٺ٣
һҩõŮ˵ˣ˵൱ⷽľ飬ʱֻ̣İ˹ʲôʱ򽫲ˮȵ
Ű˹豭ȻЩȲˮ˼ֻǽˮԼǰûȥ
һֱڴģⰬ˹ʲôʱܺȲ谡
ʱȴ豭˵˹㲻ǺϲƷôôأѵΪˮж𣿹
ȣ
ֹ
˹ҡҡͷôܻΪˮжأʦ˭صˣ
صˣ
ϲ񣬶оԼҪˮܽ˹ݵأ
ƷƷˣ
һڣţζ
һֱ㣬ҩôû˵һξͿ˳׻ô
ֱ˵ڶڣ˵ôо;һкأôˣ
Сӣ͸ӻ赹ɣ
߿赹ϣ˵˹ոɽǲʲôޣôˣ
ˣʲô˼
˹ʵ
ӣһֶҩֻҪմˮͻε
ֿ
ңҲ
˹˵
ֶҩԽ緢Խƽ⣬ĻǽѪ
ʦ֣Ҹô찡
˹¡
콫ˮˣʱҽǴصУʦȻƽ
ô򵥰ʦ֣Ҫң
˹˵
˹ģƴҲʦģ
˹ͷЩˮһ
﷢ҰްĿХ
û裬ҹȻжˣ
˹֮ǰ˵һ仰
߹Цģȫѹ򰡣Ů񣬽죬ͳҵˣʱұ֤ᰮҵģϾҵĸ׿ǳгϣضѡҵģ
Ƴһ㣺СȽ׵һȥžķ
һƻȻϣȴûа㶯
ʲôһƾȻܽѵҩˣ
ɻ
ٴλһƣȻȻЧ
߲ţ˫͵һ̧㣬ȴû뵽˿ȴκվȻȥˣ˵ô£Ĳˮ֮󣬸оͷԺΣȫǳһȭԴһֻϻһ
Ŀ״
˹ôˣôأ
˵
߰һǽһǸӣЩҩƳģ϶˰Ļ㲻ܳҩվȫѶǾ裿
˵ʦܣǿһ޵ľ綾
ʲô綾
־綾ֻҪһմȾˮգͷѣ綾󾢾ˣʦܣҪȻصУȸʦóˣٺһ𷵻أ
˵
ҡҡͷΪʦֲȸҳһ£
ʦܵأڻδ
˵
Ҳǲ²⽯һֻһҩһû뵽úȵҲ߾ð˹±ȻҩȻԲѣԣŽ֧Ȼźö԰˹֡
߸˵꣬˹Ժվˣô£תôˣʦ֣ڻô

߾Ȼ˵
ʲôʦ˵ʲô
˹˵
˵ޣȻҲڣʩ
˵ʦʦãϵĶոҼһ飬޾綾޾綾ȻⶾҲǳ
ҵҲָûиоôˣ
˵
˹ҲͷҲ𽥻ָ
˵𽥻ָͺãҲҲǿԣԲҶɱ֣뾯ǣҪˮɽ
ǽҪȥʦ֣
ȥ
߷ͷ
ԿԿߺݺݵҧҧݣһڼŨĶ
˹ûҲ˵ţˮɽҲ֪˲֪ʶлʦִ·
ȴǰ棬ˮɽʱһֱɲͣǻȥʱȴһԲ
Ͱ˹һۣЦһΪõҩԵǣǲ̫˵㣿
ҪԵĿɲң㣬ҺܺΪʲôҩѵҲǰٶô
Զ壬ǿޱȣҩʲô
˹ЦߵǻЩüֵҪ֪󣬻᲻벻
ڣ
㰵


1808 
Ͱ˹ԻصعᶴУȴڵҵ˽һڸǱǺȵһҳ
һᵽһ˿вôˣûô
˸ëȸҸл㣡
˵
һʦ֣Ҫǲ˾ˣǿ˵ģ
С˵
ΧвٻʳеĵӣǶܾ߾ȻߣǵӡУֻڱ椵²Żᷢô
ѵһʦ椶
ߣ˵ӣʲôң
һ˵
ҪڻʳԽԽߵˣǰηߣĻﻹ
ݣҺŮˣģӻ㳢ѵģ
ߺȵ
ȻΪͰ˹ҩûΪһĴһŮˣᷢô𣬵Ⱜ˹ĿеŮֵܷĿҲȻ
˵Щʲôҿ̫
һ֪һ˵ʲôܲǰԼϲ˹ңȷûˣкŮˣתһ룬һȻ˷ŭƱǰ˹ûбݵ֣Ļ˰
ŭĿ֣ҵǰϹۣ㵱ǣ
˵ڵ뿪ˣ߲ǲѵһʵûԷǿ弶λǿߣһλǿߣ֮Ĳɲһġ
һ˵ٿǶ˼˵ҲҪ⣬ǽˣ

֮Ͱ˹ͬʱأڵжܿߺͽһˮһ
˷ֱڵϣǰλʦ𼶱վޱȡ
ħͷҲڵС
ô£ߣ˳嵽һķУô£
һߺȵ
ϸһ϶Ų˺ۣǴһ
㿴һ۰˹޹飬Ȼ²ؼ
˵ֻǺܾûкһʦд裬ԲŴ˳嵽ȥģҿɲʲô£ȻҪҹϣ
㣬Ҷ죬֪֪Ӱôأе໥ŹǴ˳ȥôǣ
λ߼ȵ
û˵
һ˵ô£ƽʱϵôᶷŹģ
Ҳ
һҡҡͷ
ħЦЦǸŹô£Ҳǵģߺͽһǵĸ׶ǳгϣѵŹȨûУ
ħҳ
˵
ҲЦҵǾħ˵ĲҲǻʳе̫ӵˣ໥ŹûʲôҧһëҪˣǲ鷳˸ҷô϶ҵģԣŹǼõģ
ߺͽһ˵һ
ħͷȻʦ𣬵˵ףǱһЩϵߣǲҷ
٣һҵǾͽ˹ҵ֮㲻λʩչһ£
ħ˵
ʩչôû޸
Ҫ޸ֳɵƷ
˵
˹˵˵ʦֺһʦ֣
Ȼ
⡭²ȥ֣
˹ҡҡͷ
㿴ⷬӣΪ
ʲô²ȥֵģĸԸƷģ
ħ˵
ߺͽһҿ
ҾͲˣ
˹˵
һٴӵ֣Ȼϡ
ϴˮɽʩչٻֻܹסƤܣʩչ滹мĴ̣ߺͽһϣǱһ㣬ʹ
ʦҴˣҲôȥһҲԣð˹ʦסְɣҿҪʹˣ
˵
һҲ˵ʹʦ𣬾
ħȴ˵ôûоʹأ˹Ӵȣ
˹¶Ϊѱ飺ʦ֣Բסˣ

дһʹధ
˹֮ͣߺͽһڵϡ
ħ˵Ժҿɲ˶ŹϢĻһð˹ټӴȵģ
֪ˣ֪ˣ
˶־
λʦ𣬻ʳ棬¼ˣ
иӴǣȻӡ
¼壿û뵽ôסУô
һλ˵
Ҳ˵ʦץģó棡
Ҳã
˵
зųâƺոյʹжʧˡ
˹Ŀ⵱ҲûκԹޣ˵ʵְ˹Ȼ޽һӣǵԼҩȻҳϣǸ֣
Ӻ󣬵⴫죺û뵽ҶûˣʳУȻһӭӵ˶ûУ
Ͱ˹û뿪ڣǿҲ˳ȥֻվſڣ¼δԣⲻӭô
ߣһӣʸվҵǰô
ڳ⡣
彡˶ԲŴӣ뺷ĺܡ
Ƕɣ¼ļߵҲǶ¼ˡ
ϣȻѹסߣһҪҲ˵¼֪ǻʳкҪ飿
㲻ҼҼ˵һȥ
һ˵
϶ͨһƬողűʦǽѵ꣬µãҪ¼˽ѵ
ʦȻʧڵڣ˵ôЩϼһﶼԸô
˸Ҳգʦ𻹲Ҿͼţ
ƤɣӶִץģ飬Ӧʦǿɲ֪飡
ߺߣҿ˵Сƽ֤ҶӣʹϹ̸ĻȽҶӷˣĻҪ
ɺȵ
ɫһ䣬ŵò˵ˡ
һ˵ǰִץ֤ݵģԶУ»ܴߣ
ӣȻǰ
һߵӾȻֱɷĩҵߺͽһɳȥ
Ͱ˹һۣ˹ɵʵѾִ߼λǿߵ۷壡
߼λǿ۷壡
㰵Ծѹ¼ǻʳĸ󻼣벻ɾȻô߻ҡӧûиΪǡ
£Ҫڵô
һ쳹
ţһλλʦ𶼳ǰ
ħͷҲ֣϶һ˿мζ
Ҫô֣Ҫôȫ֣Щ϶üµӾҪڻʳдô
ɺȵ
ӷִץסⱾǲ˽飬Ȼܳ֡
λ˵
ƨִץҪôΪҲ֪Ǹɵʲô
ɸ˵꣬бһƣֱӽǰʱԽɱ
㶼û뵽ôλʦǰȻ˹ⳡϷĻˣ


1809 
ʦ𣬾ң
ŵ쳣
һһĻаϲ⼸쵹ǱĥĹǺȻ֪һΪʲô˵Լҩ뵽ûгɹԼ鰬˹һˬ
£ƺ̫Ϻذɣ
˵
ɵ˵ץҶӣԴҪЮҶ¼岻ִӵĹѹҶ¼壬ˣǰ⹷ĸףǻʳеĳϣҾͲҪ
ħ˵һȥд
λ˵ħΪΣ
¼ȻǰҪǻӣҪλϵ˵лɣ
ħ˵ĵмֵ
˵Ҫ̸еķΧ
߷˿
ܿ죬б˴
ϵûʲô˺ۣɣҲǼף
ž
һ˹ȥ
ɺȵ飬һȥ˵
ħҡҡͷ¼Ǻαأ˵ʵӷҲʲôȻˣȻԽߣ
ߣǻ뷨ɣ
˵
뷨ûУֻ˵¼ųǻʳеִӣȡ֮˼֪Ƿд£
Ƕ¼룬Ҳ룬Ҳ¸㣬ʱ䣬Ǽ˱ۼһ飡
˵
ʱڵ
ţûĻұɽȥˣ
ʦ𣬲ߣĻ
˵
߰ɣ
˵
ɴ뿪ʳɽȵʳڹʱգҪɵ

С
Щʦϵɫÿһλ˵ǻʳĵ飬վҪˣ
˵ǼΣҾȻǻʳĶ֣
޴
ħǲǻʳѵϣǻʳеʧô
ʦû˼
ҡҡͷ
͵͵Ƴһ۰˹ûЦԼ˹ȻŮվԶ
£飬ǻǣ
λ˵
ǣ
еĵӶͷ뿪
Ͱ˹˳ȥƨҲǸ˳˹˵ʦ֣ոǲ˼ҲӦ֮Ըģһ۰ɣ
ۣʦãʦҲ㣡
аﲨ
΢΢ҡͷЩΪߵǰǣϾϰ˹ŮȻһ顣
ʦ֣㲻ҾͺˣĻĻĲģ
˹˵
ķ·ոյȫʧˣֻҪа˹仰˹һ㡣
ԶĽһһĻҲǰ߬ȭͷ

Ͱ˹֮ȥһй׵ĵطƤܵʯһˣĴӵ·ҲǱ䵽УҼ¼ڰ
쵱У㣬ڷعнչ
аɣ֮ȥһ㣡
˵
˹ҡҡͷҲֻˣʵڵʹã⵹Ǽ鷳飬ԣҪǿ󣬷޷ң
ЦЦ˹СֻҪһ仰ʳУ֪Ҫ
ҪϧҸĻᰡ
˹ҲЦ
ҹĻ٣˶ˮɽУ˹
˸˭Ҳûд˭
ʱһӱչ״̬г
˹΢΢һһٴӵϳ֣ƺҪס㡣
ҲҴ⣬ȻⰬ˹ûʩչҪ֪ǰЩٰס˻Ƥܣһġ
Ӧܿ죡
˹˵
ϻɫâЩϹȫȻʹð˹ʧˡ
ϵЩϹЯźֵɭλҾҪ˵ˣ⵽ʲô
׭ҸոҲǵ
˵
֣ҵļʶˣԶŻ壬Ѫ쳣ЩֵҲ
˹˵

峿
ڡ
ħ˵һ죬ҪԸǻʳ飬׼Щȥ죡
ǣ
˵ʦǿɵвǣ
ӣ
ħ˵ǼڱȻû̸ףɽֻǣǵļƻ
ѶҲԣֻҪɹκεӣֱӽһӣΪһߣ飬ҲʾڱչصĻûκ
ֱӽһӣ⳯йֵƶԼɣ
Щзųâ
ҲǼʦôһɽĻһᱩ¶Ŀĵģңɮٰ
ԣ׼ѡ񼸸츳Ǳĵɽ
츳Ǳⲻ˵𣿡
ߡٺ١Ц
ħ˵ǽɳһɽɳɽˣ
˵㣬˹λȻֻˣǱ޴ҺħҲǺܷĽ񽻸ǣϣǲʧ
ǣ
˵ʦˣҲϤðɽ»Σհ
ǶѾˣִ񣬾ʧˣҲǶǣΣգɽϣҲпܴΣյģ
ħ˵
ӣҪֱӽһӣⲻƽҲǱ޴󣬵ʵУֺԷڣ
ҿֻλʦλʦߣԲѡ˸Եĵɽɣ

ħȵ˼ҵͽܲ㣿
ͽȻţҲжӵʵҲһӿԶԸң
£ͷһ룬ɷֲøҺʦ졣
ʵϣٵҲϾ궼ѵһ˭Ҫɽִ
ħȻЩӶǵʵǳսҲʡĴΪҪ˽
˵
ʦҲ˵֪һǵʵʵǳддҲãʡĴҶʲôʮߣ
ڵУԽĹ졣
ħȴҡͷʲôʱֵЩϼһľˣ飬ˣ㣬˹ǼɽʧûϵֻҪǻŻ
ǣ
Ϊڵлϼأû뵽ʦ̫ǿЩǾĵЭ
еӰ
Ͱ˹뿪ڵܵ˲ٱӵĿ⣬׷׶ϵܻεûںЩĿ⣬˹˵֪ЩͷʲôȻȥ飬˶ΪǸɽһӵĺò£ǲǣħ˵Ǿ䡮ŻŰɱ
ǸԼûаɵ񣡡
˵ֻҪܽһӣȷǸ̼˳ɹͷ


1810
ڡ
Щոڵǰ䲼ʦɫǼΪأħͷˣǽüͷûаչ˼
һλ˵ѾʧˣǻʳڻλϵͳҲ˥ȥҲǼֶԸǵӽԽԽִֻӵѡ
ţʧĿǰֻЩ϶֪ʳеĵӻΪڱչٳٲҲЩӲĵģ
ԣǲžҪѡδĽӰˣ
˵еһӣ츳һ㣬ͷһ㣬Լ̳дΣ
µˣͰ˹츳ǿ˼ܣǻĲѡ
Ҫ֪ʹһ֮ˣѾȷǰնɱһͷƤܣѾĴˣ
һȻ
ż죬ǾͽĴˣ찡ǿ죡
ȱľǾ飬Լǻʳ㹻ҳϣ
ԣɽܹȫλĿǣ
Ƕǵͷ
ħ˵Ѷȣ»ᳬǰµκһҪ̸ֻף˵ʵЩϼһȥҲ
ħ˵ˣҲģոõӲףҪǻ֮λʵڿȱҲðգҵķķСӣ̶̼Ѿ侫裬ţûʲôѵǣ
˵
ԸˣԸˣֻҪǻŻã
ħ˵

¼塣
оһҲǸһ븸׶ɵķ䡣
д֣ĿɨվǰЩųĶϣһϢһ죬ڻ⸱ӣԺ¼ҽҪ˥ȥ
ף֪ˣ
˵

Ůˣ߹ңŮöϽִԲԲŻߵĹƣ
ŮˣŮˣ˵µŮûһǺöĸγ죬ҵô㣬ʹģ
ҡͷ
ףѾ׺ϾϵҲŮɫһרļҵ

̾˿Ϊѳȴû뵽㲻졭
ףҲãҪȥʳңҪЩϼһҡҽֻרļҵ
ҲգҲգɽǾ㣬Ҫ̽Ǽϼһĵߵģ
˵
ʲô˼
Ǽõ鱨ʳеĻʧĻҲһ𣡡
ʧˣҪ֪ʵǻλϹϵĵһʧʳʵͲ֮ǰǰǿʢˣ
Ҳ˵ףǶԸʳĺûᣡ
ҲôΪ˷ʳһλᣡ
˵
еͷף׼ʲôʱʼֶԸʳ֮£
δΪǣʵ̫ˣռݻʳļҼΪʳˣѵ⣡
Ƕ¼ڶ嵱ǶģΪǲӵǶ¼Ϊµߣ
˵
㵱嶼ɵôƾʲôǶ¼Ҵ£
˵ˣȻȥٺú룡
ǣף
˵
Ŷ뿪ʱϸֳһĨЦݣڽûб״

ʳϣ³ǡ
˼壬Ϊ¼嵱ǿʢ֡
³У¼Ҳߵλ
ȻŻʳΧԽԽ㣬ִӵ룬ʵ϶³ж¼⵽˲ٵĴ
ֵԣȻִܹӵͤӣͤӵУûһԸȥƽ֤Ƕ¼尵µ¼³ƽİȫҪִӵİ
ԣִڶ³ֻ൱һ衣
Ͱ˹ִ߽ӵͤӵУҪ˽¼һЩһӥǵ˵λƽ֤ô
ִӵҲ죺Ӧòǣ⼸ǿûаһƽ֤أǶгʲôˣ
ǻʳеĳԱɽģ
ʳеĳԱٺ٣ŮȻ㳤ƯƾʲôǶ¼ļϸҪ̽ʲôϢģ
ǸӥƺŮˣ
˵Ĵӵ·ŲǷİɣ
ȷĴӵ·һʳԱ
һλִԱ˵
ȷǻʳĴӵ·д㣬˹һһŮֻǼûлصʳˣûпǣӣĴӵ·
ӥǲŵ
˹ǺȵȻǸոսʳǰЩѾնɱһֻƤܣֱӽĴӣƺûʲôܵİɣ
ӥЦսʳնɱƤܣǺǣЦô
Ц꣬ǸоһɱԼӿţǸܵһش̳֣ȻԼϮ
ӥʩչȫֵȻشˡ
ֱ۶Ѫڣüͷһ壺Ƿʦķķ
ʼ磬һ۰˹û뵽ϻҲô࣬ʲôý͵ô
㣡
˹һۡ
ӥٲһݣȻķм٣ƿطķǺͷһޣ͵ѧ
ʲôʵģ֪ģǣ
ӥȻܲˬǼȻ֤ʵݣҲǻϣֻϲˡ
˹˵εǺͶ¼йأϣ֪¼һЩ飡
⼸¶³ǣ֪ٶ¼飡
ӥ˵¼ĻλĴ֮ףʱʳûǿʢĴͳλ棬ǣìʹĴ໥¼ɣ໥ʳҲʱ𣬵ʱʳĻлҲǻĴȫǿߣһսҲǳ׵춨˻ʳЩλϵߵλ
˶¼֮⣬ļ壿
壬壬Ѫң
ӥ˵ʵ꣬⼸嶼̫֣Ǽ帽ִӸʵҲ֪Ϊʲôʦ֪ȴû飬ƺǣ
˹ͷһЩ¼飬ź뿪ͤӣӥǵ˿˱ӰҡҡͷҪ˵ĻǾ̫ˣżͽĴӣǹĵһˣ
뿪ͤӣֵ·ˣмĿӲͬһֱˡ
˹˵û뵽ǴͤǱ˼ţ¼Իʳľʵ̫ˣ
˵һɽݶȰǰɣҿɲϣս³ǾҪٱϳȥΣգ
ֵվŵļӰǰͰ˹ӰȻ۾һգߵȴٿˣǶҡͷ˶Ƕ³ǵģִӽضı㱨


1811 ¥
³ǵһҾ¥С
Ͱ˹סڵ¥һշ档
Ȼ³û˰ƽ֤ǴǽеҲ٣ƽ֤ȻҲʹá
ڷ䵱Уչһʱǿ˹ߣ˵㲻ҿ˼ʱɣ
˵Цһ㶼úЦԸ¼İ취ô
˹˵
㶼û뵽ô뵽
гӣ˵ҿɲһֱ
¼ңĿǰֻˣһǶ¼ļɣϵȷһϢʵǿڶĶӶУĿǳҾ˵ŮɫҪֵĻҽӶ֣ܻ׵Ķ࣡
˵
ţС˶Ըˣɼ˵ˮƽжô£֣ȷף
˹˵
ͷб׾ȳûܵʲôͷĻһȥһŮˣ

˹˵ˣǾܺ˺ԼŮ˶ϾϵģŹģ
ֻҪҵ䣬ҲܿϹ
˶ķ

¥
Ƕ³֪˷̻֮ء
һ㣬һĵطڶ¥Ůǵȴѡĵط
붼ĵǸķ䣬ȻṩŮϵĵط
¥Ѳͣƽ֤ﲻʹãһҲֻһ¥ϴ裬Ȼ󴩺·¥ϵЩű¶Ůˣź뿪
Ͱ˹վ¥棬ʱİ˹ѾŮװ˻ҪС
¥УأһһŮǲΪʲôҪŮװȥ
ҡҡͷ
˹˵ǰʱ¥ĲŮ˶üĿŵһĿ˹Ƕɧ˧˰˾ȻǣҪĻǿҪøࡣ
ɧ꣬ͿʼͲסôߣУжǴҵģѡ˭

Ҳ̧ͷǵȻվУ˹ͷһСĳ˵ķͷأ
ٺһЦû۹⣬ҵȺЩںŮˣ
ǸŮô
˹˵
Ҳ˳Ŀ̧ͷ¥ݿڴһֺŮĶ㣬ĿûаڣĺԾϲ㡣
˹ǰƺҪǸŮ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳ׷ȥô⿴ͽ˷ˣ˵ںأ
ⲻ棬һ·ҲǲЦѡȥ¥أҪȥһ¥ϴϴ
˹ΪЩȥϴ裬ٻᴩڿ㣬û뵽һǳŵˮûмɻ䡣
һߵԣë̻¶˵ҵǴûмһɣɶŲģϴϴ֮ȥˣٺ٣
İ˹ļȴǱ˹ܿ˾ð˹ûҲ߿ˣﻹ߶ţϾ̣˶£ȥŮ
˹˵ȷҪȥ
ͷ
ȥ㣡
˹˵ֱ¥ˡ
裬Ҳˬյ¥ǿ˹λϣһȺŮΧۡ
һЩӵĴүǲˬˣʲô˼ЩŮˣȫΧһ˱ϣѵ첻Ҫˣ췴
ۼ⣬һ¾Ϳ˲ԶĶУûע⵽Լ
аЩþϲΧߣզ
һװͰ͵Ůͦظ˵
ϣӵ䣬Ƿϻôʲô
пڵ
ЩŮſУǶ˵үҲҪ𣿵㽫Ӵȥģص﹤Ҫ
ߺߣҿǼǵõү˵Ҹôصأ
үΣɲҪЩðԣϾǰǺǹϵأ

ЩŮˣҼүֻӳģҼүǷϻ
ϴ֣ǿ㣬Щ̳ŮӲȴҲλʵϿǻʳҪִӲŹǵģ
ЩöǸϴǰ
Цһ³УǾȻ˵Ļж֪ŲֻҪҶһ仰Ҫϰ忪
ЩŮ˶ҳˣȷҪû⹤ֻ»ѡ
Ҫ֪¥Ƕ³еһ¥
콫ҳĻߺߣ
¥أ
¥ģ

¥һС䣬Ůϵĵط뵽ԼŮ¥Ҳó顣
ʱǲ
վڶ¥¥ݿڣպÿԿһ˴¥Ǹ˳ЩСʱһƨɡ
һĻպñпһǶԹŮҴӽҪɱ䣡
и磡
ŵþʧ룬СҲɫһ䣬ҪߣȴǱߵǿס
¥Ȼһķ䡣
Сǰһ˦ϣͨİӡĿģ˵и磬㱻ץˣ£ֻ»صû취ԭңﻹֻһ˵ģ
кȵҪ˽ͨһᱻץȥʳôû뵽û뵽ҸմӻʳزپҵϢģôô¼
ž
һ˦˹ȥ
и磬㵱սҴ¥ȥҺܸм㣬ΪȫȫⰮң֮㾭¥Ľһʣ֪һ֮󣬻Ǿ㲢һһⰮҵģߣջңʵڲ֪ΪҪ㣬ԭң㣡
ģӰȳȥ㲻ˣ㻹Ҫһһİ㣬ҲԼ̣ܵô
˵
Ŀ͸ˡ
СҲŵùǺ˵и磬ΪѾûϵˣԣҲ֪ƹҰ治ǹģ
ٺ٣û£ҵŮôһһģ
ͷ
и磬ɱңɱң
СҪȥȻȴһƻȥС³Ѫ
үɱɣ֣
ţϣ
еͷ
ΪԼ޳Ȼǰ־
ϾҪ֣ȴǱһ߿
һӰͽȻ˽
мԲһ۾ͼǵڻʳϿ㣬ȵʳе˾ȻôҪǣ
ҡҡͷҲǣ㣬У


1812 
ңڿЦôǰ״
֪ǻʳеģҲû̫Ͼʳ˵׻ǻλϵİ͸ʵҲҴ⡣
㽫ɱף飬ڸǵסô
ʲô˼
ǣĴڼļҵϴû̶Ҫһ鱻˳ȥҲŲӰǶ¼ĵλ
˵
˼Ǹϴ˵үǶ¼ĵֻ̣ҪǺϰ˵һС¾ᴫȥģ
֪ʲô˵仰ģ
ҡҡͷ
ʱһӰպôӷ˿˵Ӱ
ҡͷģǱ¥ģϣɳȥ˵ϸһҪϢ
ո㻰е˼Ҳǹ˵λֵܣлѣҪͣԸ
ҲֻǻʳˣѵǼϸô
˵
˵ֵĺңҵĻǶ¼ʧȻ̫ϲʳȴǷлʳеĵӣֵԸҪѣǲҶӣ
ͷүȻ룬ҾͲˣ
½¥е鴦ãҲǴ˺һһҺľ¥ᡣ
ȫվ棬ֻͶˡ
Ʋ˰ںãҲ˵ֵܣڻʳҲֻǿ㼸ۣЩӡȴû뵽ѵҲǳԷ糾֮ˣ
ү˵Цˣ˺в֮˵³ģı׼¥ӣû뵽ȴǼ飬ʵڲү˱ƣԲִԵģ
˵
ԭˣ
ԭһ˿Ҳˣ˵ҪִֵԣҪҸѿˣĻǶ¼彫Ĵûκſԣ
û˵һھơ
˵֣֪кҪֵģҶһæ
㿴һ۶УҲǼ˵ʳеȷǲΪ֪ģ֣ðˣ
үǧҪ˵˵ҵ򵥵ĺܣûʲôѹ
˵ҪܰһСæĻʤм

صס˹ڴϣһа۵Ļ޾룬ס˸еĳ嶯ΪҪЩҪһЩʱ䣬û뵽Ȼôͻˣ
˹ǵʱ¥гֵǵӰȻһжǼƻ˵ġ
ȻҲʩչܵĹеģǼеĴʵĺܣû¶
˹˵ǱأѾô
ҿɲϣңĻԺĿ
˵
˹Цҿмɱ˰ɣһʱǿҲˣĴѾ׼ˣ
ˣ
ţǰһɫ£ǼȻˣ˱ضҲԶˣ
ˮڰɣжߣʲô仯ˣ
˵

¼ҡ
һűǱɴһƣбĲ֪룺ףΪΣ
㻹Ϊʲô
ɺȵΪ¥иɵ飬Ҳô
ŵò˵
ģ˵ڱŮԻôȻȥ¥Ҫϣǲһң
ңףֻһʱˣûɱǣûɴ
ҵ
˵ؼʱһ˳֣Ļûɱǵģ벻ǣ
ʵ
ʱңҪɱǣǶ¼鷳ҿû֣
֪˭
ɺȵ
Ȼ֪ʳеĵӣ̽ϵõʲô
ȷҪӽ㣬㣿
ȻȷôһæҰһΣҲΪʱȴ򵥣
˵Ҷúǲ죡
Сǻʳеĵӣ³Ǳض鷳Ҳû㣬СӵǾйŹ֣
йŹ֣ףұΪǶ¼ڻʳеӦĻǶԸʳжһϣ
˵
ϵҵǲ棬ǣҪסСӻҪܿ飬ζȻζȹˣΪǶ¼ӦҲ
˵
ţףҲʧģ
п϶
ˣҲϣԺȥ¥ϢѾˣŲöãǱضŰݷãҲҪú׼׼ˣ
˸â

же˼ӣ⼸춼ûгţͰ˹ڷ䵱бչ
ǵʱߵĳ֣˶ʱ޴롣
飡
֣˹ڲ氡
ߵޱȣҲ˿ļ
Ҫ֪Ͱ˹ɽһֱ̫ģҪ֪˹˼ĺŮ񣬺һִ˭ִ֪ʱ˻᲻ᷢʲô˼֮ҲǷܲɽˡ
˾ȻסһҾ¥һ䷿䣬ǵĵĲС
˹Ŵ򿪣ϲʦ֣Ȼ㣬ôˣ
Ҳû뵽˹Ȼôˣ˵ʦɽִΣգǵģ
Ļ˹̲סЦ˵ʦˣҺȷпΣգҪ֪¼߿Ǳ鲼³ǵģ
ãǿȥ⼸쵹ûʲôΣգʦ־ͷˣ
˵ˣôסһأŮܲףǻʳУǿҪʦǽѵأ
ֲǵһˣ
˵
ⶼǵһˣ
ʹ࣬ǱȴǵǰǰǻʳеĵӣٻҪһЩأ˹ķԺ䷿Һһס
ʲô
ҡͷʦ֣ҿûк˯һϰߣ
ﲻŴ𣿰˹ϾŮӣҪǶ˯ⷿǻʳģ
˵
˹ͷʦܵȷҪסһ𣬻Ӱʳȥ䷿ˣ
߽ŹϣϥϣҲŴѰʲô㰵ҡͷҪܸ㶨˹ǸŮⴲҵۼΣֻϧ˹С̫ûа
飬ڷа˹ȻǸŮӣŮעҪΪٵģٺ١
ȴǲ֪ŸԺͰ˹ڴϷʱ򣬰˹ڴ㣺ߴһĸо
ձ
ļãЩ߶ûп
ãǽϢ͸¶УĽֻ
թһǴ»øģ
˹˵


1813 ֮λ
۲Ϊܿ˱չ״̬߼ڤѯһЩڰ˹飬ҲǾʹգĵⴲûʲôۼ⼸첢ûиɹʲôˡ
תһ룬ѾǵһΡͬӡˣ˭֪ǰʲôأ
һҲԼһԸŪ˹أ
¥ûһôܺͰ˹أһҪһЩ
߰
ʱ۾ߺڵĵһƸĪʦ֣ΪΣ
ʦ־ȺȾ죬ûɶ˼
ʲô¾˵ɣ֪Ķ㣡
˵
Ǻãʦ־Ͳ㶵ȦˣʵҲ֪ϲ˹ɣ
ó
ͷ
ţ˵ǰĹϵһֱܲ᲻Ҳ
Ҳϲ
ҡҡͷǣң
˿˹ô㣬ϲҲģҪ֪鰡ʱҪиоģûиоҲ˰ɣ
ʦ֣ѵΪϲ𣿡
ʵ
˵⻰ʳ⣬ô˵ϲأҾðɣǱ˴֮ǰиоģĻһҵʱ˶ˣҾӦǱҵס˰ɣ
ûŻ˵ʦ֣ˣ˹ϲҲΪо⣬Ϊϲˣ
ϲˣ
ȻѵϲŮˣ
ͷ
ȻҡͷУҪıȡҪ¶ȼϣҪİң
飡
űֱײ
߱ܵһˣʱһͻȻߺߣ٣û뵽ֿ㣬ˣ
дż¼Ĵִ˽
ʦ֣ô죿
˵
ɫһ䣬ǰ侲УΪ֣Ҿͻô٣Ҫ֪ҿǻʳˣҵĸǻʳеĳϣ㵨ҶԸң
ʳôǶ³Уʳʲôôƽ֤ˣôɱ㣿
Ц߲˵˵Ŷˣո˵Ҫı˭ȡ򣿺ٺ٣˵ʵҪϲõĻҵǿŮ˵Ը
ң
ߺȵҸǻʳеĳϣҪԸңҸ׻˽Ƕ¼ȫˣ
ףǸף߹ˣǶ³ǣҶ¼ĵ̣ϣֻ·һ
˵
嶯״ʦ֣ҪҪƴ˰
һҶдһǴߣֿţ
ǣү
Ǽֶ˹

ϡ
¥䵱С
ԸϾƣɷǶԹȫйһ㣬˵ֵܣҪ˸ӵ䣬һԱһ֮ǳΪҵĽôĥôĥ
ڻʳߴˣ֪Ůˣǻʳеİ࣡
˵
ǰ࣬ҵŮˣҲùģ
˵ˣǰൽ³Ŀģ
֪ô
˵
ţ

ʲôҪ⣡
׿ڸңŮˣҪĥҪıȡ򣡡
ޣҪɱ
кȵȻҲǸûϾǸҵŮˣʲôʸ˵Щ
ҲգΪһҺͶһʣҲ֪֮ĶԹɴ㣡
˵
ֵܣȻôм飬Ҳֱ˵ɣ
˵Ƕ¼ϣ㵱ǵӦ
ұѻʳ
ȡ
ѾǻʳһҶʱˣѾ鱨ǵĻѾʧܾãʵϣڻʳѾһţĴҪٿʳĴᣬλ棬Ҫĳ
˵
Ҫĳ
ѵ㲻˷Ҫ֪ǽʳƷˣȻҶ¼Ĵ󹦳ʱҪʲôʲô
йƻֵܣֵܣʵڲԸĻҲǿģ͵Ҹո˵ĻȫǷϻ
֣飬ɷҿһ£ʵЩ̫ͻˣ
˵
ǺֵһҪ̫ãҶ¼Ȼģ
˵
뿪صס˹Ѿڴϣ׵ǹһ㣬ﰵŮڹԼҪס
˹ȻԼûаȤҲЩʧ˵ô˵ʲô
ҵ¼Ӧ
˵
ɶˣĻ飬ܾģ
ˣһ֪ĴΪθҷʳ
˵
ΪΣ
ʳеĻʧʱ˵ڵĻʳȺף
˵ֲħ˵ֻҪŻãⱾǸּѵ񣡡
˹Ҳû뵽Ȼԭ˵ڿλϵ״øˣʳһܳΪİˣ
˼ǣʳǱĴܣǽʳͺ壬ռݻλ棡
˵
˹ͷص㣬ҪصľһΣΪǾǺܿҪѸʱõλ棬ʱ򣬿ɾҪ鷳ˣ
˵˵׻ǽҷķģһʳеĻ䲻Ҳҳɾͻļʱ
˹ʵľ
ľһ
ôţ
˹ϵ֮ɫʧЦ֪̽㣿
ҪҵĻͲûµɫˣ
ЦȻҪ֪ҵǲ˵ĻҲɹɫյҵģ
˵Ҹڣ㣬˵ڣ
˹˵ĳΪ˻ʳĻҵǿԿһ׷󣡡
˰ɣϻƨãڵԼӡҿɲðΣսɱòʧģ
һ˾뷸Ůˣ˵ĶǼٵģҪõ˹Ůȴ죬в³ͺһԣԸͰ˹һ룬ȫ
б¾ȵϻǲֵǮģҿɲͬھ
˹˵
˵仰ûתһۣСӾȻֱӱˣﻹԸ˵仰İ˹ҪҧʲôʱһӹСӻ춼һ飬һƽɱתһ룬ҪûĻԼҲܿҪԶҵ
ԶŻˣҵҪγɾͻ֮λ
㣬˹︹̡


1814 
¼ң
кĽԶĹӭӽˮѾںã˵壬һ㣬Ƕʮûмأ
СУȷʮδû뵽ѾˣиĽӰˣ
˵
ļǼĵܵܣҲߣҲǲ˿
ҸںҪ£ǻҪһܹ壬֪³ǽΣ
ԽԽˣʮǰƺɣǸţƵķǳһִƺҲʵɵĲ
˵
˴ʮӣɴ˽ϼƣԵļ˶Щ΢΢𾪡
˵ôĴ屾һˣѵҶˣ
˵Ƕǵһμ㣬ȻẦ£ɣӦ֪νİɣ
ţӦʳ֮£
Ҳ˵
ʧʳѾңҪǲץסᣬһӶԷ
£ûлʳҲôӦģ
˵
ĴܶԸ˻ʳǰģҲֻһˣ
˵˭ͳĴˣʳĵô֣
ţ
ɵͷ£ΪĴ嵱Уĸʵǿ
ʵȻǶ¼壡
˵
ڻλϣʵΪôҶ¼Ҫ巢ʩô
˵
ɫһ䣺˼ǣҪǵķԸ
ߣⲻŵôҶɴͲ˽ˣֻҪʳƽֻ֣ҪĴ֮ױУ
˵
ﰵֻϺ꣬ʳǵĴ֮ףǶ¼ͳкβͬ
Ҳ˵壬ʵԸǻʳҲǶ¼࣬Ϊ岻ӵеԴ
ʲôԴ
Ӧ
ŵ
ܣʳеĵӶĹ侫ҪӦϣǸҵԸ⵱Ӧˣ
˵
ԣĲͬǶ¼Ǿ߱ʵģ
˵
ж׼ǰ˵ôḡĻ
ɺȵ
еͷǣף
ﲻɵ˼˵ͬ⣬뷨һɣô
˵ԸʳģȰ˵ǵģ
ʵ
˵߶У
ȷ߶У
ɷЦ

һ죬㶼ھ¥еȴŶеϢ
ҲûʧͶ¼̸۵صȫ㣬㵱ľʦָһӦô
֮ʱл˵ֵܣ⼸ֻҪ鲻ˬȥ޴Ǹޣǲ֪жôʹ죬飬ҸҲ֪ʱҪ߷ˣʳǱʲôӦ
ţߵĸǻʳеĳϣǲĻǲԴеģ¼뷨ܺãʳҲɽˣ
˵
ˣֵܣȲ˵ˣһҪȥӦˣ
˵
ߺ󣬰˹ҲǺܿüͷҲ˵ڵ鲻ǶԤ֮ôյ㲻Ӧɣ
Ѿͬö¼嵱Ĵ֮ˣ뷨ȻʣⲢһõѶţ
ҡҡͷ
˹˵ĴϣҪŤתƣ͸ΪˣǶ㣬ƿشֵĻǶɣ
Ĭ
˹ǵһο˼ģҲһ˿޵㺣ҡҡͷôܣôиоģܵģҪ룡
죬˵ͻƵߣ
ߣ
ţ߱סϢȻųȥʳһҪӪȣ
˵
Ϊʲô
ȸΪʲôһĨߺ죿
˵ǿ𣿡

˹ŭйû뵽ԼֻƬ̵ķ񣬾ͱԷС
ЦҪĴ֮ʱǲܳɹˣ
˵Ͳ˵Ϊ벻ô
˹ҡҡͷ

֮
³е̽ӷɿϵɵļС
²
ʲô²³УûҶɺµ飡
ʳеɱˣ
ܣ
ɺȵӦҲûô󵨣ô͸ҹɣ
ҲڴУ˵ɣѵץס˻ʳˣ
쳤ϵĶӣжץģţԭҵҪ̽̽ʳ˵̬ȣû뵽շųȥǾҪɱˣ
̾
Щɫûпڡ
飡
һը
üͷһ壺ʳ˺󵨣Ҷ¼ңҪҶ¼ҵˣˣò㣡
ݣ
ȫ˳ȥ
¼⣬һſڵϣʹ
ǰվһλߣλ߽ϲһ٣ϿȥЩ׹⡣
ħȻһҵĵӣѵ֪ʲôطôҪ֪ɽʱ򣬿ûжԸͽͽ
ɷŭ
ħЦһ¶絹ҲƵ°ôЩ°ֲɱģֻһʳеĵӴߵģ
ɼħҪ֣ħȴ˵£ȷֻǹһļеô
кˣ
ɺȵ
ϻ˵ˣ
ħ˵
˵ͬʱ¼ҵķܶһ٣âҫۣЩħʲô˼ô
ߣˣֻһǶ»˽λ϶Ҫִ³ˣ
ʲôһߣֵô˾
ɲš
ߺߣĸ׿쳤ϣûиײԼĶӵģ㵱첻Ҳɽô
ħȵ
ɰʳôôٶħŻˣ֪ĴҪˣô˷ѵǻа취ֵסĴô
һ޾ħҲ˵ߣȻţĻɱˣֻǣħôŵɱҶ¼ңѵôаտԴô
Ƕ¼ĳȻŻҪɱңνһյһͽܣ˵ʵĴǻʳûзУŵĻǴɽһԣҪߣ
ħ˫Ź⣺£㲻ΪҰɣ
ɫѿȻһԳ˵ˣ


1815 м
¼ҼС
˫˫ŶסڿУȫǱӳ˺ۣѪģǻ֮ѪҲ̶á
⼸һֱ޴ߣĻ˵Խͷ֮ޡ
վڼУĿߣĵðһˮȻߡ
˭
Ȼʹ˰ҹŶУȵӣ־ɱӣҸһὫǶ¼ģ
ߣܻʲôɣǻʳ֮ҪĴʱ㸸׶ҪΪǵĽ㻹ǣ
Ц
ƨĴʵҪǻʳȣ𣿱ˣ
ߺȵ
ž
һȻֱӱ޴ߵϣʹʹ
У˿㣬˵Σƺɣ
Ц
ʱĴű򿪣¼ҵһ¼ܵеǰʵʲô飿ȶڷ񻰣
Ըߣ
ܣҸ׻ľŲһƺɱ㣿
үȷ˵ģҾĵҲ˵ʳħˣڼ¶ڼ⣡
Ҹôʳ
еһߣˣΪǸ˽ͨ飬ҾͻŹˣ˵Ҫĥ
⣬һ۱㿴ħη壬ȻжԣҲ˵ףҲӦý߽ǣûбҪ
ħҡͷСӣ㸸׶Ѿ飬ѵ㻹Ҫôң㿴㽫ǻʳеĵĥʲôˣҸұ֤С㱻ɽϵʱǿû㣡
ɲ˵˵ףʲôأ
Ѹף¾ڱϣҪ֪ηʳĻԭӦҪӶ¼Ϊ׵ľҪıˡ
ȥ͵ǻһ飡
˵
вҶ죬ħ뿪Ƿŭ
һҲûгϼ޻ǿʲôҲ¶
˵£飬һһͣжȥЩҪ
ţ
ʵʱҲ뵽㣬ܾӦûЩĻϢ

ܿ죬Ǳ뵽УҲͶɵĵһʽ档
ɶǿ⵹Щܳ˵¼Ук飬ǲ򵥣
㣬ʵ㵱Ҷ¼ӦҲʵڲ֪ȥʲôϢڣһҪҪ죡
֣˵
˵
ţħһˣǿƵĽߴߣұΪʧʳеٻЩηηβҿħȴûȸоڻɣʳڲǲǷʲô飬Ѿ˶ԸĴƻ
Ҫҽݼƻ͵֣
˵
֪ЩΪ㣬ʦǷˣڻʳеĵλأӦܹһЩϢģ
˵
ǺãһᾡΪ֮
ͷ
ûо㣬Ҳصס
֮󣬶³ַǷ
壬壬Ĵ壬ѪҵҲ
ǸϵҲֻһĿģĴ˴ᡣ
Ѿ˼µĻ飬֮Իѡڶ³ٿ˵׻Ǹ˶¼Ĵ֮׵ӣ
˸ʨǵʨӣ۾ǱɫģЩˡ
ѪҵһݹǵѪΪֻɱ¾֮Ľǿˡ
¼еļλ˵ϻҲ׷дǣһ˿
ЩĿ⣬Ȼ
УĴеҪﶼѾ룬ĶҰΪ֣£ѪҵѪӣλҲڳԣѵҿ۶³ǣһǲҪ˵Щϻ˰ɣɴֱӽɣ
㣬ķϻģѵڳϴ󣡡
Ѫ˵⼸һֱڶ³У֪˵ʲôأ
µͷ⼸ͶЩ࣬ǲ֪Ӻ˵𣬶£ˣҲ뵱֮ˣǽȨɣ
ɳĬ
ɣĴ˴ᣬ㾹Ȼ
ɸ磬ѵǹô

ҡҡͷû£ֻЩǰˣðɣȻǶˣ룬飬ؼģҲǹĵģηʳ˭ͳĴ壡
ûһõĻǧҲԶԸʳ
ңû죬ʳĵ̣λ֣
Ƕ˵
˵Ĵ嵱УҶ¼ǿʢҵҲ֮λʲô
ɣǶ¼ȷǿʢеļλϣʳ˶η壬ЩķչҲѸͣ㲻ܾ˵Ƕ¼Ĵ֮װ
£˵˵
˵
ҡҡͷ£ԭҶѾӦΪĴ֮ףǰҾ黹Ҫһ£
ʲô飿ǵǺ֪
½ηħ˵˳
ߣҵĻԲܽ߷ߵģɣ
֣Ҷ֪ô˵ˣôôûأֻһħˣеĳҪնɱѰɣ
ΪħҪûаգᵥǹƥǶ¼дô޴
м
Ȼ˵޴㵹˵˵кԭ򣡡
Ѿɣǻʳƶ˵ֵ˵ļƻ
˵
ܣʧǾƶƻ֮ҲʵĲ࣬ûǵģɣ㲻Ҫɹˣ
ԣһڵȴϢ
ȴϢʲô˼
ʵʳУҵӦҴ˵ĻԿţ
˵
ӦʳУ䱸ɭϣѡҲǼŹ֣󲿷ֵĵӶǸһЩʺһʦעûжϢҲԲӵʲô鱨ɣȷǻʳеĺĵӣ
˵ĵΣ
˵꣬ǵһǲ˵ˡ
ʱһҲǴҴҸ˽пҲ˵ףǱϢˣ
Ƕȥˡ
Ҳнŵ˵鵽ʲô

ܻˣȴǺȵǶĴĹ飬ûʲôصģ
ǵһʳеĻعˣ


1816 
ع飿
ⲻܣ鱨ǰʧˣڵĻʳȺףܻģ
ɣ鱨ʵ̫ˣǲŵģ

ǵӼ˵˵һֱλչأѾع飬ҪĴɽʱٳֽĴһ򾡣
ʲô
Ҫһ򾡣
Ƕҧ
ɵͷǷ˵ΨһӣλķļλҲʶ鱨ǷʵҲۣ
ڣҪǣ˳ʳļƻ
ɣôĴòһΣ㾹Ȼ˵˳˳
Ҳ˳ˣ
˵˵ûҲڳħƵȷЩͬع˾Ųʮˣ
Ҳ˳
ѪӶһôҲû뵽Ĵ˴ᣬȻݱѵڲӦ̽־ôʳ
ˣ㣬ѪӣҲȰǣ鱨ѾṩˣǲŵĻȻԼּɽʳ
˵
ث
ȵߣ
Ҳߣ
Ѫ˵
¿ȳ棬ҲҡҡͷԸ鱨ģĻƾһٵ鱨Ĵ峹׷ѣʵ̫ˣ
Ǽٵģ
ɺȵжҽ
ǣף
ȻҲɶɵľҲΪ¼Ĳʢ룬ҪǻɽϵĻĴ˿¶ȥ޻صġ
ĵȴ˵Ѿص˻ʳУҪˣ
ȥˣ
ǵģ鱨֮ȥˣ˵ʱ³Ҽһ۵ģ
ţ
Щɣڱϣûне˵

ʳڵ
Ͱ˹˽ȥ˺ħ˺δˣҲϲȻɹ˵ӵǱ˴ڵļֵߡ
ʦʵ˵ƻĴˣһؼֻҪɹǱܽһӣ㣬˹Σ
ƻˣ
˵
ħҲǵͷҶһνɫʧܵĻǶԲأ
Ӧûģɶɣ֪ڻʳУͲ׽¼˿Ц
˵
ʱִҲǴ˽ǶǶ³еִߡ
ʲôϢ
ʵ
Ĵ˴ڶ¼ٿѪȴһɢž޴ìܣ
һɢ
ħ˵ȻǹȻֻĴˣ󰡣ǾȻɵôƯûж䣬Ժ֪࣬¶ҪԼԼƵģ
˵˼ֱǾǻʳһΣ⹦ͣĲһô򵥣
ʦҲû뵽˾ȻôӵҲǳ˼䣬Ȼ˲ǵӣ˵ǻǾ˻ʳ
ڿʼǽǻʳеһӣ
ħ˵û뵽ո°˹ûãΪһӣֱ漣
ʦֱӽһӣҲ
һ˵
㲻
ħʵкβ
ǵʵǿ߼λǿϵʵΪһӣ޿ɺǣ
˵ǣǲŸոսʳʵǿǿЩıֱӽһӣЩŬһӵˣθ룿
Ͱ˹һۣ˶ףǸսʳ㲻ȣɣ
ɣ˼ʦһһɺô
ħ˵
ҡͷɲʦ𣬵ǡ
ͬλʦֵ˵ҺŸսʳδȣھͽһӣȷЩףɣĴӣ簴չȽӰɣ
˹˵
ɣڿɣ
ûУ˹ʵԼǣԽӣ
Ǻã죡
ħ˵

ӵ·ǻصعķõĵطĿǰķķȻѾ˴ɾ磬Ҫͷ˱Ҫϲ١
û뵽ǣ˹ȻҲ˽Ĵ˿˵عԭᶴҪÿˣ
ҡҡͷ㲻ҪңҪһɣ
֮Ѿ۷ˣѾûʲôģۿķģ
ʲô˼
ɻ󣺡ָң
룬ҵʵҪָ㣬ӦҲΪɣ
˹˵
ʼ磺ʩչָҰɣҿɲϰʱһŮڱ߶߶ģ
˵ң
˹ȵ
ϳһ٣ЩĿԼǿȻ˹Ҫס
ͬʱҲʩչķںϣЩٸ޷׷ٵ䡣
Ϊӵõô
˹ü
ʱĵоȻҲ٣Ȼſлȵ
յУһӰȻסҪЩ٣ȴû뵽Щڵ
ҡҡͷΪķס֮û뵽Ǳץסˣ
˹Ц˵֮Ѿ۷״̬ķķȻںϣҵȴܹƿأҵټ
˵ɿ
ţңһɿ
˹˵
ΪЩپסң
һǽܵȫϣһ£˹ЩˣôģҪ֪㲻ļλǿߵʵЩٵģ
ļλǿߣǺǣͲأ
ҡҡͷ
ͲˣѵЩͻˣ
ţǰЩֻܻƤܣʵ֮ǰҽһͨ춦ʵѾ
˵
ھʲôȼ
˹ȵ
㲻ʩչǿ϶ҵĶֵģ
Ц
˹ЩԶŻ˹ȻǱ̬֪֪츳ǿˣҪʱһλǿߣһôѵ飬˵ƺвô򵥣
ǆ£˹ֻӣЩһӸͲǼǵ棡
Ͼֻһ
˵
˹ͷҪƴŬʵΪҪռݻλ棿
Ϊ㣬ҲΪԼ
ԼǮȨŮɫƺȤѵ㻹ʲô벻ô
˹ʵƺ֪
һ˿ɬȴЦΪֻеһ׷󣬲˵ô


1817 쳤
˹ǰ²˵㣬Ҳ΢΢ҡͷһһ죬һὫ£ȫڳģ
ûԺиֳӰǽչ״̬
˵ҲΨбչʱһЩ顣
˹뿪عճȥüͷ΢ΪʶУȻܵԶϢ
ЩĪЩλ棬ǵһθܵԶ˵Ϣһʵܲ˭Ҫȥ̽һ
˹Ǹ˹ȥ
Ȼڵ
˹û뵽ԶŻ˾ȻڵҲ˽ȥ
ʱڵе˶̽š
쳤ϣû뵽Ҳˣ
ߣٲĻҵĶҶ岻İɣ
˹ۼ⣬һ۾Ϳ˵쳤ϣԶˡ
쳤Ȼߵĸס
ЩʦļһҶӶ޷ɽϣʲôã
쳤ϲм
˵⻰ʱ򣬷˺ħ϶ŭʦߣȻҷ
ħ˵쳤ϣɽǶ³ǻʳеĵͨ籨ţֻڶҪĥˣҿɲ¼йϵ
ߣ˵ˣǲɽҪֻĴ壬Ʒ˵֪ʱ޷ܣҪȥѰˣ
쳤Ϻȵ֪˭İ취ȻҪҶȥ
һλʦһոսİ˹쳤ϣ´ģǾʵʩľҪλˣ
쳤ϻͷ㣿Ҷ˵ǸŮӣ
Ҳ֪쳤˵ʲô
˹ҡͷ
װˣҪǸСӽҶڶ³ǵϢ͸¶¼壬ôܱץ
쳤˵
ô
˹˵쳤ȫƾ룬ʲôʵԵ֤ô
ûУ
쳤ϺȵʵˣĻôȡöеΣ
ħ˵쳤ϣû֤ҵӣ᲻ЩЦ
ħΪյһôƯŮӶеˣֻ㺦ҵĶӣߺߣǿΨһĶӣ
ŭ
ȻһˣҲġ
˵ǲɽͲᷢ飬쳤ϣ㻹Ѱɣϣ˹㣬ûа󣡡
أҲ˵ˣðɣͽأȥҶ˵һжָʹģ˵Ů޻Ǳԩأ
ȵ
ŭȻǳϣҪԳȥѹҵĵӣҾԲ̵飬쳤ϣڻ䲻Ҫӣҹʱ䶼֪ܴܲ
ʣⷬɱǿ
ҲǻϾ˵׻Լɽǳģ˵ҲͷǣֻϣףҲǻʳеĵӣͬҪУҴӱչصгˣԺڵ飬һһ
ǣ
һЩʦ𶼵ͷ
ƺĹϵǳ
˺ħһܲϡ
˹վһԣȻõԲưոݣһԶˣ֪Լǻ˵ã
ոţ˵һ飡
쳤ϣʲô£
λ֪ʵϲ壬Զĺᣡ
ţʳд˶֪
ǰʱ䣬ԶܲͨطһЩӱλϵˣҲյ
˵˵ǣǻλϳʲôɵԶˣң
Ŀͣڰ˹ϣֻһ𴦡
ֻҪʩչ޷̽ҵѪǣħ֪Զ˵ģԸıסܣ
˹

֮ճعǿߣ˺õĲˣĿ⵱׺Ƕе⡣
Ҳһ֪ȥҲǲͶԷֱ߹ȥҪͶԷʱȴ˵ô㣿
ţʦ֣ʲô˼
װҶѾˣ㽫ڶ³ǵϢеģĻôܱץס
ôʦ֣Ǻ֪˰
Ц
㻹Цֻһ飬飬˹֪֪飡
йϵô
ҡҡͷ
˵ĻҶ㲻
˵Ϊ˵ˣʵҿ弶λǿߣҪԸ練ƣ
˹֪飬Ļֹҵģ
˵ʲôһ˸ɳģ
ҪǲŵĻαң
ʼ磺˵Ҳϲ˹
ԣΪ˵õ˹Ųϧң
߼˵ú˹ѾŮһ㡣
ûдֱӳǰȥ
ںСӣҶҳԺʳУһζԸ㣡
·ϣԽԽζӶǱѩޣĻУҲǿ϶һ㣬Ͱ˹޹ϵСǸǰ˹ͬ˹Ůûв飬еĵλͲ˿ı䡣
УȲˣһҪС֪֪ҵ
߰
ͨԼҵ˼ʳеһӣԾۻΪɣǾۼԼļС
һˣȫһӡ
Ҫ֪ʳУһֻвʮ˵һӡ
٣ǺܾûǳȾˣôδӶ³ǳѵʲô뷨ô
һλһ˵
ΪߵĸĹϵ˭ҵߣǻҪߵƨ
αץߣһеĳ裬ǴҲ˵˵ô°ɣ
˵
쳤˵ΪĿΪ˵õ¼Σ񣡡
ʦ֣˵ĲΪ˳ΪһӣֶΣҪֹѾΪһˣ
ߣһֱԾţǲܵģһӵʵ
ûУûУ
˵ʵȻһźεȵʵĿִҪƽ֤
ƽ֤СӣӺõ㣬츳ˣȻ䵽Ҫȥȡƽ֤Ȼûʲôʵ
˵ֻƤܣȫͰ˹Žɱģ
˵Ҳδⲻͨ˵һֱܽӣ
Ѿûչˣ㲻УҲȻ˵ģǸӵͷӣ
˵
٣ѵΪ˶Ըô
ʦ֣˳𲻱ʳѰǳ֣Ը
˵
鷳ʦǷˣ͵Ļʦ𣬾һӣҪǱ֪ǶԸ㣬ǻ˵ã
ɽ


1818 Ц
Ҳǵͷ˵Ĳҿôӳ飬٣ǲϰ㣬ҲҪ¶Էͷ
ƨҸ׶ѾɽˣڵҸһ˵㣬ֻȥԸ㣬飬Ҹ׾ǵģʲô
˵
仰ǵǷˣֻǣƮ죬һ㶼ڷعҪ鷳Ҳѣ
ûʲôѵģ죬ˮɽԴôʱˮɽ֣Իһʧģ
˵
˵٣ǰԸ㣬쳤һƱǷȫõ
ʦ֣֪˵ѡ飬¶ʵҸͦģһ죬ֻվɷ˺ħ
˵
ǼλһӶһģ˶հ
л٣
˵
վɷ˺ħȫΪҪ£ǵʦԼϡ
ֻҪԸ㣬ܵõ쳤ϵĴ࣬Ȼһ׬
֮λûһλһӣҪȥģ

ǶԶ˵̫У˹ᵽһ˿Σգˮɽնɱޣһֻʨޣ˵㣬һĴ̫鷳ˣҪ취
ǳϣʵףҪԸҲף
˵
ţʵڰ˼λǿ߳ڣλϣȷǼǿǶɻҪǿϲ٣
˹˵һ죬Ҿһ첻ȣħ֪ҵݣ᲻꣬һ޷֪
ƿڱУȷһˬ飡
˵Ҳ׼Ըˣ
ߵò̫⣬ЩĻ鷳Ű𣡡
ǲң
˵˵ˮɽԴÿһֻ޶һķջɱһˣˮɽ
ţ֮ǻʳеϰףɾܹһӣѡʳеĹȷ
˹˵ôƺȤ
ûֱӽӣܲ
˵
ǣ֮һӻȫⱾ֮ᣬʵ
㿴ŰɣˮɽԵһģ
ǰ
İ˹ŵıӰЩСӣʲôʱôˣ

֮󣬻ʳˮɽ
ɽ˺ˮɽѾȫĻʳеĵӣ
ˮɽԴǻʳÿؽеĻˮɽնɱޣܹһйףȡһЩ
ԴһֱܹӽӣҪ֪һӿɲ򵥣ӽĴӣй׵ĻҪϡ
ȻԴÿ˶ܲμӣʦѡǵļλӲμӡ
ÿλʦֻѡλӡ
αԴһʮˣһҲȫμӣǲӹۿĶ
ҲԴһľߡ
ͲʦȫڿУ˵ˮɽһֱǻʳӵѵطƽʱλҲˮɽնɱ޶һйףΪ򵥣ҲݵĽ֮·ÿٰһˮɽԴǸȫôҽӴˮɽǿޣ
޺һǷеȼģֻҪʵֻǿȻܸӦʵǶӦ־磬򵥵һְ취ڽɱ̽ʯʯԽ֤޵ĵȼԽߣ
˵
쳤ϣ˵ЩõİɣЩǿǶһ
˵
ϴЦ⣬ȴҪһЩ˵֮󣬱˵ˮɽܴУѡҲʯҪмһ㣬ҲϣǷɱ¾һ㣬ˮɽǷǳ飬ףǺˣ
ݣ
һӰˮɽͰ˹ȻҲУǶԴʵϾһʯı
ֻҪӵеʯԽ࣬ۼԽĻ֣һҲǻߵһλ
ʮ˵Ув˶ѡУһնɱޣȻʯһϣʤ
ңԽ࣬ԽʯҲΪյķʽ
Ͱ˹Ϊ׵һӣм˶ѾȻҪˮɽһɱޣ
ɣе⣡
˵
Ҳоˣոˮɽ⣬ĿͲԾ
˹˵
ɹȻһۣһһߵǰСӣ˵ӺܲĴ嶼ֻܷˮޣʵҪûЩȰ㻹ǹˮɽΪⱾͲĵط
˵⻰񣡡
㵭˵
Ϊһ˵⻰˭˵⻰Ź񣿡
Ц
һҲǿ˹ʦ֣ŸսˮɽͶʦƣƺЩɣ
һȻҪСӳͷûʲôֻǾСӣˮɽе޿ɲһҰޣǿǻ˵ģ
Цҡ뿪
һһ۰˹˵ʦֵѣСĵ㣬˵ѾǶԸǣ
˹˵ƾǣ
ǶһӣʵǿұҪȰǲҪ⼸ʵҲǵ䣬ǴлỹӰɣǵģ
һ˵ر㣬ǲҪնɱˣ׼Ӱɣ
лѣȷʵնɱˣۣ
˵
˹ЩԣһΪԼĻЦЦʦܣʱʶʱɲųȵʵˣȻǱ
ǺǣȻնɱޣһȻҪƺţ
˵
ʲô
һ˵
ôһ׵İ취ǽǵʯȫ𣿡
㵭˵
һСӷˣıȻ赭д֪֪ҪǼһﵽ˭ȫһӣʵǿĺܣ˵ʳеӵеǰ
û˵˹˵⻰ҵϲ˰
Ƿˣ
һں˵ʲôҲûˣҪԸϢ㣬ǲ뿴߳ɹ֮ǰû뵽һӣ˵ɵӣȻҪȥսλһӵȨ
ַӣٶиãɲΪ㣬ȥǣ
ɣһȻ߹ˣϿвٻ
ҲһλϣȻ쳤ϣҲǲҪǶԸϢҲ㣡
һոߵɸɱ˵һ֪㽫ҪԸϢˣߺߣǴҪô
Ǹӣ˵ҪԸǣˮɽУ
һ˵꣬Ǽȫɫһ䣬ȴǷЦҪԸǣЦһЦˣ


1819 ʯ
ҲˮɽУѾλһӣǶԴеĵһκնɱһЩޣóйףĿġ
㣬ȻҲʱ̹עǾɵ˲ʧȻӦˣôڱǽ
٣⣬һ飬˵ʲôҲܱʦʯˣҲǼõ飡
һλ˵
ҡͷھһӣٳйףֻ뾡ִһӣǸңߺߣҪ֪ٵ
ǣ٣Ժִһӣʵֻ弶λǿߣƺһӵʵҪ֪Ͱ˹ֱӽһӣΪʵˣ
ʲôܺұôʳ죬Ҹ׿꣬ʳҸ˵㣡
ǶʲôʵǿǿģҸѾ˵ˣֻҪҳйֵܹһӣ԰ඥһɳ죬㣬ߺߣʵǰɣͦģʵҪȥִҪһƽ֤ȥ
߽˵
϶ЩϹάߣʵȴĽʺޣǶ֪츳ߣҪһǿƵϰ֣ڻʳλԴĵϣǻǸܽƾԼŬĵӡ
߿ӣ˵˵ģǽһҲǽϣĻͰȴˣ٣
˵⻰Ϊɽ䣬һӰһϴνһҩʧܵǴΡ
٣Ǻڻޣ
˵
𣡡
һֻľ޴ϻڼ˸֣ĻɫĳһĿһֱעǡ
˵ڻ޵ʵ൱λǿˣɱˣҲвٹף
⼸λӣ٣λǿߵʵ
ֻܿڻޱ㱻ɱ
ɣˮɽУҲǽնɱֻޣϳйףҲмǧˣʱʱ֣Դһֱе賿ٵ뷨նɱֻޣŹ
λעҪ١֡ĶȻ̫⣬ҪȥΪ˱Ŵǻǲκи
߿һԶû뵽ȻϤӰзŭߣСôܵô˹ԣҪ֪ҪԸ㣬ٻ²õӡİ
ĲǱˣͰ˹ǵķ
˹˵ɵ˶Ը㣬û뵽㵹˸ӣôҲ벻ġ
Ҫɱ޻ܳйôҽҪʯȫ֣̿գ
˵
˸ڿУ˵˹㣬ˮɽնɱ˼ֻޣǲĻǿԴһնɱޣ
˵ˣûնɱֻޣιֻΪʯģ
ʯ
˵ʲô˼Ұʯ㣿
٣˼϶ҪǵʯߣŰڵˣ
Ļֻˣ
˵

ߺȵ㣬ȻڶҲֻԶӵݽ㣬֪֪ʲô𱰲֣
Ц˿ӣѾһ˰ɣңΪԼԽô
ߺȵ
˫ȭȻȭͷ
Ļȭ곤ϴڸȭֻ弶λǿߵʵԷȭ
곤ʩչȭ߶ܹޱȣ٣ֻܽ滯ߣȻ˵ƽ֤ҪȡҲԶԸˣ
λӶƺ֪˴˵
Ȼһ̣Ƕû뵽ڱصõ˫ȭȴûиѹ
ߵȷǴ壬ǣûаоһ㣬嵱ھȻһɷֱ֮ӽߵɡ
⡭
ݾȣȫû뵽㾹Ȼ㣬Ϊʲô磿
Ը㣬ԣ
˵
ߺȵ˻ϣ
Щη壬ԸоӵбǿϲٵҪ֪ڷع˵ķķȥûʩչҪʩչˣ֪ᱬǿ
λҲ̶ȻҲ㿴ȥ˵ġ硯ǺԸһӣҲȷʵûаѹ
һӰˣһֶֻܻ
һλ˵ƺȳʤȯ˼
û˵ȴһ˿мЦݡ
һֻ֣
˹аЦЩδЩ̫дЩ˾Ǻһܻ㣬˵һֻˣ
ĵг־ףһ׵㣬Ǻһȭ
һȭֱӻжԷؿڣ
ͣ
˱ɳȥڿѪˤڵϣͷˤˡ
˫ЩոʵǱǿ̫࣬λǿ߶شȻոѾˡ
λӣҲ𺳣޷ոôġ
һ̣Ȼ־壬ǰ
˵ǲҪһֻֻôأ
˻ش
ʯҲɱ䣡
룬ʯɱ޵õģ
˵
Ǿˣ
Ц
߿һۿиŵһİ˹ͲЭڰ˹һų󣬵ʵϣ֪ǣڰ˹Уų򶼲硣
٣ʯɣǲ֣
ǿλǿߣȻ˵Ȼ˼ô
ߺȵ
ҿûôʱǾʯֻ·һ
һ˿
λ˵Щ޺ûаϵ٣콫ʯǿɲ룬˶룡
Щͽ
ŭ
Ƕ߶µĽʯȫ˳ĵгһЩʯȫС
ߣ
Ͱ˹ת˲ߣûͣ롣
߿Ű˹뿪ıӰʹѣҪ֪ոհ˹һ۶ûпʵЩ̫ƽ⣬λһۣǺȵЩԺĿԽЩʯôھȥʦ֣һģ
٣²еô򵥣ҸոձһȭУڻ͸ľ磡
Ǹʦǿ߼λǿߵʵҲȻʦֵϣ
ظ˵ƺԼʦһ㣬ûٺ˵仰ǳһȥ


1820 Ҵ
ˮɽ⡣
УһĻĻӰЩӰгֵĶˮɽиλӶԸ޵龰еʦĿⶼһӰ֮ϡ
ǹӰУܶȥ֮ıӰ
㣬ʵ̫񻰣ΪһӣȻӶӵʯߣ
һλʦ˵
ʱŭûзˮɽԴʯǼΪ飬ʯֻ˵ԼѧղԹñˡ
ûܵʲô˺Ļ̲סġ
ȴ˵ѵˮɽз鲻ôԭýһӣΪûһӵʵ
ƷҪǵһӣǻ˵ã
ʦܣҪûмǴĻȥ¥潵ļ¼Ƕܿ㣬ʦְڵǷ˵Ʒˣ
Ц
أ㣡
˱İȴҲκ
ϷںͷûҪһʱ֮£
ȴ˵

ˮɽС
һ¸ոսɻʯһĿλǿ߾ʯмŶǱȽСģӦЩޣûôעˡ
˹˵Щʯ㵹ûж洦㲻ֻѵһ߰ˣ㲻Ǵݾˣ
ǻĻ쵱УҲðͨ춦ˣ߼ȻǶԸңҾƱزǵóѣ
˵ѵһ٣Ҳɽ𻢣ʡԺлҵʵôĵ£
ҪûпĻѾλǿ߾ˣڵأǶԸ߼λǿҲԿ
˹˵һӣ߼λǿߣֻһˣǲöԸ
㲻ô
һûаˣܸİ
˹Ц
ǲ֪ΪʲôߵʱҾͷ·һ㣡
㵭˵
˹һۣƨˮƽǱ߻Ҫһأ
ʼ磺ֻǻհˣһսأ
ţ
˹ͷ
˲ûԶڿУʱһ
˹վϣӣҲǲ˵һļλǿߣλǿ߿ȥٶһǧÿνͨ춦У޷ԤԼԶŻ˳츳Ҫǿϲ٣ǵ־ҲǾȻģ޾ܽеǱȫ
ʱ֮
۾Ѿõ״̬˵Ѿˣ
˹˵ҪǽǻˣҾͳˣ
ҪϣԺ֪ģ
ʱȻܺȻһЦ
Ǳذܣ
˹˵
ݣ
һӰӿг֣վ󷽣ɱԼŭǰȻλһӣ϶һɳȻİһûнУƺЩһӶԸЩСá
ϵĺɫƮһԱѣ˵㣬ԭҪնɱޣסͷȥԸ㣬û뵽㵹ǻʱȻҴٵע⣬ߺߣͷԹȻ
ң˵һӣڿ㲢ǰʵã
ʱ䲻ǸոպôǿûиҴʯҪҪΪˮɽǵôʯ
˵
㣬Ŀǲô˵طЩѧղĶӣЩЩЧǶңʳһѡаô
Ц
˵㣬ʦǱȻնɱʱ򻹻˭ܹ㣡
⻹֣ߣǻʳеĵӣƺϹذɣ
һ
ע⵽϶΢΢ЩʧɫͷС
ʦ֣ﵽʲôԭأ
ߵ˵
ǵӰͬһ㣬գ۱ԣڵУ㻹δˣЦݣڻʳǻȵ˰ɣȥʾҪȾҪǿ̫࣬ǻʳеһЩӵպ
ţ
ͷ
ʦ֣ʲô˼ҪСӳͷô
˵
ߣһʦֽеҵǲҵˣ˵ĵǲҵȷǿôλһ۸һ˵
˵
Ϊʲôһһ֮ˣӲȨλмλύҲ֪ΪʲôҪѡԣ
˵
ɣҲǻĺѡˣԺ֪ˮɽ۸ˣǺεȳª飡
˵ʳʱҲһЩǿĵ۸Եȵҳ˻ʳ˵ʱҲʹޱ۸ˣ
ߣͦģֻһˣζԸǣ
˵
ԣ
ûη塣
ҲǰӰ·ɱЩ벻ʦֵ˺ҪҲǲѣֻҪʱѡܣҪץɾˣ
Ҫ۸ңҪϵʯ飬Լɣ
˵
ʲô˵ʲôҪʦֵİæһ˶Ըǣ
СӷˣҪ֪ʦֿſʦʵȻܾ˱˵ĺ⣬ƾԼΪһ˵Ķô

Ҳ𾪣㣬֪ɲǳܵʱȫ߼λǿߵľ磬Ȼ츳ܲǡ
ĺˣֻһһ˵ҲϲǷ飡
˵
ȻˣҲö˵ˣ
ҡҡͷƺЩʧİԼҪ֪Ե˵ʵǻʳеаеǰλģҲֻܰסԷߡ
벻ı仯õ߶Ц˳㰡㣬Ҷ֪ô˵ãˣ
Ҳ˵ô˵ֲηľһϲģ㣬ȷЩһһ
ϻ˵ôʲôֱӽˣ쳤ϳǷҲܽô
ҪʦֵİæߺߣѾ׼ˣ׳գΨһƵԴҲˮˣ
϶ЦݣƺѾԤ⵽״
߿һ۰˹ȻһλŮһվԣƽˮЩʵķŭѹԼеŭ˵˹վڵңҵˣ
ˣߣˮɽнҩиҺȵʱѾ𾴵ʦˣЩ˶ϹۣȻƨǣ
˹˵


1821 Ťתƣ
ҩ
ɵһߣȻڻʳиɳȻƵ飬Ҫ֪ǻʳʲô̻Ƶء
λһҲû뵽߾Ȼô㣬Ǳ˹˵ЩȻҪһƷԵļһ
࣬ޣΪ㸸꣬ΪΪ𣿡
˵
ߺȵе飬û֤ݣҪ˵Ҳˣʦ֣춯֣ҪŮˣҪסˣ
ЩɣĿ⵱ȻɱȻңû취ͷˣΣĸ꣬׾پܾĳϣΨֺߡ
Ҳ֪һսվɱ⣬ĿȻ״̬ԸЩ߼λǿߣòʩչȭ
ϣ
˵
ûԳ֣ܾԼΪŵĻѡҪǶԸһӻҪԳ֣δʧݡ
Աһ˻⣬֮Ҳǳһ⽣Ŀ⵱м㣬ȻҲҩ˹ΪܣϾհԸ㣬ò
ɣСӣ
⽣һһŷâƬն
߼λǿߣλǿߣͲһεġ
ʵЩǿ̫ࡣ
һ̹ҲһȭȭܹŷʮǿһȭҲʮ㣬һԷĽƣ
Ȼˣ
ȡ
Żصʳеģ֮ǰδţҲδһˣȻڶ̶Щӣܹʵ
ѡ㣬ΪˣڿȷвҪԼɣ
ԭеһ˿ʧҲתأԼηյǿߡ
˹еûа㾪ȣܵסԷĹ֮Уĵģȴ֣λ߼λǿ֣ǿԵֵģ
׽
˺ȵ
еĹ⽣ǻûһ㣬һ׾ȻֱӳЩ׵統УҲȻ̳һ
һƴ㾡ȫһֲɹʵƣ
Ȼһʱ̣˶ûηЩ׵磬ӭЩ׵棬˺ȭ
䣡
޴ƺʹˮɽ
ۣ
ԷĽⲻƵȭؿڣһѪ
СӣʲôʱȻ߼λǿߵʵ
ɰա
Ҳȫ𺳵УĿƽ֤ʧܵḶ́ôӵ߼λǿߵʵ߾ӣҲó
ɵһߣ˼ƺ˵ʲô鱨СӵʵѾԽһˣȻ˵Ҫȡƽ֤
ˣѡһϣһ֣
㿴ȥһһӣûаƣ
ߵ˿̫ɣΪС˵Ѿһ߼λǿߣǵʵ͸ոձܵʵǵһԵУԻġ
ɺȵ㣬Ǳ̫Ϊеһˣܻôãҽ첻֣ǣΪ㣬ˣ
ǹûʵɣ㲻֣ΪܶԸң
ҡͷ
ɣ˵еǿߣ
ʵӦõִ߼λǿߵڣʵףڵʵλǿڣ˲һ󼶱
㵹ĻܶԷΪвɱûʩչ
ǰһϵ綼һԣһĻҲ˵ɣҪһˣǻʳʷǿһˣ
ǿһôߣ˽죬Ҳ˰ɣ
˵
еɱǰδеŨңȻҪɱΪڵ㣬Ѿȫвĵλ
ôǱˣѹַҪΪһӣȻҪΪ
˵㣬СģɵѪҪӣ
Ѫ
Ц
һ߳߳ŨŨĺ⣬ƺһնɱˡ
ǻʳΨһһɱ¾֮㣬ǲѾܾûнѵóˣ
һЦ
ɱ¾֮ɢĺҲ㲻аӣ˵ãҿʳеӵһ˵
ߣ
ɱ¾֮裬ط·һ̶ˮɽϴһХ֮ЩХҲʹնɱ޵ĵӶ߷ȻҪ֡
޴ĵɱ¾֮ŷûа㵡ͽȻʧԭأЩ֮ûĿһ㣬޷㡣
䣡
ûĿĵɽ֮ϣһ޴ɽ̮
¡¡
ˮɽ⡣
쳤ϣҪȥֹǣĻˮɽҪǻˣ
أʲô㲻һֱҪôھõĻᣬǻʳӵеĵһˣֻҪɣ֤Լ
ǣǱɱĿģΣգ
һӣзִģ飬ʵҲСѼĴ֣㲻Ҫ̫⣬Ҫ֪ҶӱˣҶûаţ
ߣУҪȥ
ڽȥüôǺúô￴һԾɣͦ˼ģ
ϲ

ǷķСӣķȻѾɾ磬ҵɱ¾֮Ȼ޷ѰĴڣ
ɸڿУüͷ΢΢
ʱȴǳһش̣ЩشȻɣ
ߣֻҪҳ֣ͱɣ
ȻӵЩشȫơ
Ӱڿгֵһɲǣҵ˷ŭйһ㣬еɱ¾֮Ȼӳ
޴ȥ
˭ĵͣ
Ҳǳһֵĳͬˣĳ֣Ҳõˮɽ棬ȻһƬ
ǡǡ١
ԣǸֲԶŻˡ١Ѫ񵶣ΪΪУ
١ѳһ߼λѪϴˣ찡ѳٴγˣ
ЩʦȫĿɿڴ
ħҲ˵أӵʲôͷôӵѪ񵶣
Ҫ˵Ҳڲ֪𣿡
Ҳ𺳣ȻװģҲɻСѵ͡١ʲôϵôǵĻҪô١᲻
ԽԽЩ£ոϵϲʧӰ٣ȡǾᣬһ棬ɱ㣬һ棬ǵѪ񵶾ش󷴻ɡ
ѪǾŹŻɱ¾֮ǿ˵СӿԽѪʵת
ħ˵
ȻҲףڶģǵģߣ쳤ϣڻɻô


1822 
ĻУ˿̵Ѫ񵶣ս·һǽɻĵȫƣˮɽǿ𵴣ΧߵУ˲ٽһ𾪵ĵӡ
ƤƶţüֹǣĻ֪Ҫ˼޹
쳤ϣ˵ϲأڹȥĻѾˣ
˵
ɫѿУΪӵİȫϽȥ
Ϊô
ҡҡͷ

ˮɽС
ʱ˴սѾʹеӶһԹעš
նɱޣܾһ֮սǲĿãǸһź
ԭһߵľƣгֵѪ֮ʱȻ仯
˭Ҳ޷Ԥɴʱ˿˭ǿ
վڰ˹ԣʵҲ֪еѪô
˹ͷɲһʲôԸҵļһ
ЩǾӦýһ㡣
˼ԭѾˣɶЩ²̨Ժл֮λ
˵
ѵʦֶ֮λûȤô
˹ʵ
˵ûȤǼٵģϲķҰ׹ˣʦõʱǣҪǵϻǻʳѣ
˵
ʱɺľѾ˰ȻĽڵܹоɵԾĿֲ
㣬һأ
ɺȵ
ߣɱңⱲӶûᣡ
ҲӭŶԷĵ˹ȥ
䣡
޴ض·һ㡣
ǿ̫ǿˣ˾ǻʳӵеһλܹⳡҲЩڻʳˣ
ҵʵλӻмľ룡
ŬΨŬ̺λʦ֮Ĳ࣡

һ𺳣ãȻǰһжǻþʲôʱ㾹Ȼܹʦһսʵˡ
Ŀƽ֤Ḷ́ôҲ벻֮ǿ
ҸҪǣ㻹ӵѪ񵶣Ǳɱ¾֮Ҫǿԣ߸ûκεΪɻܣ
ǰˣôȴߵĻʲô³Ȼܡ
ǣǻŸϽʦ֣
λһŷӦյУһƬȵİ׹⣬Ǹκζ
Ƭ̣һӰӿ׹λһӾȣʦ֣
ʦ־Ȼˣ
ôܣʦ־Ȼˣ

ɴƶ׹䣬λһӽסĻɵҪȫٵ
㸡ڿУЩĮССӵɱ¾֮ˣ
ϴͿˬˣ֪ʲôǰҫǰڵˣô
С˵
ɱ¾֮ڿУ֪δԣҲǸûпɵɱ¾֮
ȿȣ
ɫ԰ףλһ˵ʦ֣ˣ
ˣ

λһҲǳ˫Ǹ㱨𣡡
ȥǲĶ֣
˵
ʲȥ
λһҪ֡
ʱյУһâ֣
ЩâȻǻʳеЩʦΪҫ۵һâֱӻ㡣
쳤ϣˣ
ۼ⡣
ҲͲסôߣ
ȻһӣѪбŷһǿޱȵĵͻɽϯ֮ǹâȥ
䣡
ǵâûܿӭŵ֮Ȼ
ã
˹üʩչ֮ӿУֱҪסǵâ
âҲܹסô
Ȼܣ
ǰ˹֮ʹǵâٶԳ˼֣ʱҲǹȻ֣ǰһƻ
䣡
˵ǵâҲֳԭΣ꣡
꣬ʲô˼ˣҪԼô
˺ȵ
ǰҲŲٸж
ȴҡҡͷأҲҪʵ׾˺ֵزֻǼˣα˽ţò˵ǣ⺢ӣȷǿ֮ģһʳеʯ
Ļٺòˣ
˵
λʦ˵ǽˮɽǲǲʱˣΪԴûн
ǰǺãչأʱ
ǰɣ
˵
ǰǰǶδأ
ɣǵʯڲϣ
ʵ
ţڵģ
ɵͷʤΪΪܣȻˣôʯҲУ
û
Ȼҧûз
ΪٶʱҲֽܹЩʯᵽеġ
ʦ֣
ǼλһȴЩ᲻á
ȥͳʯ
˵
һߣ߸Ƿ˴С
굽Щʲô׾ͽʯˣ
˹˵
ٺ˽֣
˵
˿һ㣺Сӣص̫ˣЩ飬ҾͲˣһսΪ㽾
ͷЩмԱ
صڵ
ʯѾȫϽλͳķ
һЩ˼Ŀ㣬ߵ㣬㻹ǲʶǸ㣿
˵أ
˵
ɵһսȫ̶ˣ̫ˣڲ֪жô޴ȻܣҪôǿҲս׵ģ
һЩżЩš
ʱǿ˹վϣҲŰļʣֻмĽǾӦһ𣬺ɾһҪǰ˹һǲŽ
ѾȫͳƳ
ӵеʯȻģķû⣬漸˶ûмס
ɵλһӣһˮɽҲһ㹱ֵҲûмӵߵ̾͸գվڵоԶĵطѾЩ־㣬ĿⶼƲ
˵ˮɽԴǰʱ֪λӶԼĿǰģеĻ
Ӧ
û˾ò⣬Ͼʱ໥֮ʯҵʱ̣û˻ԼһܴӶԷʯ֮ǰҲѾۿһޱȴ̼ҵľѾúˣû˻顣
ţôΣѾӣҲǻʳʷУӽһˣΪʳеĳϣΪе
˵
ȻЦݣȴǿԸܵԼı䣬ȻԼѾΪжд̣һ뷽跨Լ
ӹóһ׶ӷװվǰ˾뼸ΪʱܵһӴѹԼҲͷųĹâһǹƱѹȥ
Զվŵİ˹ĿһУૣǳأ


1823 ֮ӥ
ɹ
곤ڵĹǰҲһʦ𣬺ΪԻʳеĹʵ̫󣬽ϣҲǳΪϵлȨһˡ
ɹԺ̵ӵĵطҲסС
һ涼ûк˵Ҳߴɹһֱû˵ǳס
û
ӻˣãſһۣ˭ȥ㣿
ף̫ڶ³ǣ
֪ˣǣҲΪʲôҪҧʵܵͣȡƽ֤
ʵĿãĻҪ֪ܻʦ֣Ҳȥ
˵
ͷһǿȥȡƽ֤ûܵ飬ǡ
ʲôף
֮ǰǿߣҪܵ
еľȹâǿҪĻСӵ츳ʵֲ̫ˣ
ܰɣôôǿ츳ˣ
ԶŻ˾Ϳ
˵
ǰףСѪ񵶣͡١ѵʲôϵô
ѾаȷСԶŻˣ
ҡҡͷû뵽λϾȻһԶŻˡ
ףΪλҪӣҪٽΪһˣɾϣˣʱ򡭡
ҲҪһӲУֻǶӰˣοѾ׼һӽˣյĻѡ
ףѵûΪСӣֻǸʦϷˣʵ;ʦֳΪ
˵
ҪѡһĻ̨ܱ֤λϵǿʢ˥ԶѪڻλϵǿλԺعܲм
˵
߾ȣ۹ŵԶܲҿǴûȥأ
㣿
ҡͷ츳̫ͣǵʱҪΪඥĻܲУҿǻᱻЦģ

ع
˹ѽ֮۷壬ҲΪᶴѧʲôˣһʱŷع
˺ѵõҲŰ˹ҲЦħĵǱҵĵһ㣬ǿģҲģԺɣ
˹ͷʦ쳤ϽôǱһȻûأ
Ϻ꣬Ԥı
ô˵
֮ٿʳеĻѡ٣Һħ˼ǽƾٳΪǰٿȻǡ
ϼ޻ѹֻôˬӣԭҪ֮ͽһӣ
˹ߵ
Ҳ۾Ҳ˵һʱ䣿

̾ľ֣ش֮ͽܣ㲻ҲգŬʵ֤Լ

ҡͷѵʱһô˵йֻҪ˾ܽô
ˣǶӽһҪĳйʵ̫࡭
ûϣģʦһ֪ôԲԣ
㿴춯
ǣȷа취֮ڽǣ̫ˣңҲ֪ܻܲŻ
ʲô취˵ǣҪĻͻˣ
˵
նɱλϵʥ֮һ
նɱʥ޵ĳйףһӣ
ʲôʥޣ
ʥһֻ֮ӥŰ˼λǿߵʵλڻƽɳĮ
ƽɳĮ
ڻʳϣʵϲԶ֮ӥʵǿ˹Ҫɱɱˣ
˵ǵҲһλʦҪȥնɱȴʧڻƽɳĮһȥ޻أ
һȥ޻أһģ
˵²ɣھͳ
㣬Ҫȥս֮ӥҺòײյӣҲϣز
ģзķӣҲӻ
ҡͷ
ȴ˵֮ӥŲۣƳķķУҲȥ
˹˵ʦҺһаܻ
ִڷ˵ֱ֮ϣоȣʱҲ˵֮󣬵һ
˷Զȥʱ򣬷˻ԭأѾͷȻԶ壬˺ǿʵ찡ԣһΣյģ

Ͱ˹ɳʳҲܹܵλĹ
˵㲻Ǻܽô׾÷֪ˣ
ܸܵΪãԲŲΪ㵣ģ
˹˵㣬ԶŻҲҪ֪ˣ
֪ǲѪ񵶣Ҹ޷ɣֻ겻֪ˡˣ
ţ
˹˵Ѿʱ׼ʩչˣܾλϻᷢһЩ벻飡
ҪôҳΪ㽫ҵŮˣ
Ϊ˵ô֮ӥɲһܶԸ˵ģ
˼λǿߣʵҲ˰ɣ
һ˿ǡ
˵ĻƽɳĮ
ޱȣյգɳĮȷǻƽһ㣬ɳĮŲޣЩҲ͵ø£ȻҲǲµ߶ȫ㵽һЩӻĵط
Ͱ˹ӿӹЩҲֻɳĮԶԶţκ뷨
ϵηȣҳûЩеķȴͷۣ
˵ǰһȶӴĴЩ۾ǳɫģѾܶûɱˣ
˹˵ЩʵҲԣλǿߣǶǲ֮ӥ£
ţ
ͷ
ЩȫĽкţʹȵˣ
ɱ
ٶȼӿ죬˫ȭ磬ȭȫ
һȭһֻ񣬿еʮֻȫ棡
ϵЩȻû뵽ϾȻĵڱˣҲһеĳЩʬȥ
¡¡
һ񱼵Ļ̡
û뵽ɱ˼ʮֻȴʹûжĵ棬ŻζһڴʬսȻ졣
˹ҡҡͷ˲ǳļһǿ뿪
˳ǰн·ҲɱһЩĴ񣬶ִһɽ֮ϣ˶ᵽһ˿Σյζ
ǿϢ
˹˵
ţҲܵˣӦþǲ֮ӥ࣡
˵
ϢֻһٸܲǹϢ
ô£Ȼ뿪ˣ
ܣηǵģѵΪԭ򣿡
˶û뵽֮ӥ뿪ٶȼ죬ǿеİȻ׷ٶȡ
˵뾺ѡ֮λ죬ʱ䣬ڴ˵һϣ
ֻˣ
˹ͷ


1824 ׷ɱ
ʳɹ
ɵλһӻվ棬ǱģǾԭ֪
ϵƿȥҲ˴룬ȻأԭֻһǾ㣡
ǻѡߵϣһˣǾһսȻ̳ȥ
ûκαʾҲɺǵǣ겻֧Լ֮λȻҪˣ
˼ʱ길Ѿ֣λһӶ쳤ϣ
ţ
˵ɣʲô
쳤ϣҡ
ҡҡͷȻЩ
ʲôʱнˣĻη̳֮λ
˵
ʲô̳л
۾ڷŹ⡣
ͷ죬һٿѡʽʳΰ飡
Ҫٿѡ쳤ϣ˼ҿԳΪ
ʦ֣ϲԸԳˣ쳤ڼλϵлȨƭģ
λһҲ˷ܡ
˵ף֣ҽ˵Ͱ˹뿪˻ʳ
뿪ʳ
ɻ󣺡뿪ʳܸʲô˵ڴʲộ
˵ǶӣҪ֮ǰһǲܵģѵǲʵμӻѡʽ
ҲǵǣСɲ⣬ɲҪʲôı
صģ֮λѾɣú׼Ӧ˵ЩʲôɣҪȥЩеûģ
ţ쳤ϣ֮λĪҲẦ»κ֮λ
˵
̬ûˣϵƻûкȫȥúˣ֮ǻʳеĵһˣ
н죬ȫƾ쳤ΣҳΪҲؽ쳤ϣڻʳӵϵλ

Ц
ɵ뿪˵ɵǻ˵ǲ֪Ϊ֮󣬾᲻˵ףҵġ
㵣ʲôҪ㲻Ҫ˳Ϊô

߱Ĳҳ˵ҪĲһӻλˤ

ƽɳĮ
һϣ֮ӥûлδͰ˹Щʧ
ʱǮͽǻѡʱǱҪʥ֮һ֮ӥɱĻֻĿɳΪ
ɳĮȻһƬţõЩ޲¶УΪͰ˹ɱ¾ЩдҲˡ
㣬ȥҪһȥˣ
˹ȥЩż
˵֮ӥٶȱǿ죬ǲȵĻҲûκΰ취
㿴ȥĵĶ࣬Ϊʼոо֮ӥϾǲ֮ӥأܻһֱ뿪Լأ
ৣ
кȻһ죬˺ѣ·Ҫһ㡣
˹üѵǲ֮ӥģ
Ѿ˥˲٣֮ӥ˴ˣ
֪֮ǰȥȻܵˣ˼λǿߣɲôױ˵ģ
Σⶼǵĺûᣡ
оϲ
ǹԽԽյУĿֲɳĮϵЩѶĲ֪ȥһֻ˶ĴڿУɫһԴ׳ӵͷųǿҵɱƺǷŭ
ǾȻҵصңѵ
֮ӥơ
첻Ѿ֪ǵĴôߣȻǺǣ
˹˵
ЦС׾پͿŪǣҸȥɱʥ֮һǣܾˣǣ˻ʳеĻЩ࣬ҿǴδУ
֮ӥЦ
Σ㻹ôߺߣµҲȫˣûһ࣡
˹˵
ࣿ
֮ӥͷ߳㾹Ȼûסûавֻ͸ڣڼʲô
ԶŻ壬Զ壬Ȼеͷ츳ǿҽԱһ٣ԵǣǽҶ֣
֮ӥ˵
ֻϧ죡
˵
һ죿ĵʥֻˣСӣȻڵܹ죬Ϊܻң
֮ӥȵ
ߣ
һ˫ȭ磬ȭ
һ֮֮ӥڿһȻȶ޴ķȥ
䣡
ɷֱӽ֮ƣ֮ӥҲ˵Сӣ;ɱҵĻȰ㻹ǷĻǳʹģ
ǳʹܱࣿʹô
Ц
֪һûᣬ֮ӥȻڳǿʵѾ֮ܵǰ˺صĴˣĿǰʵѾûа˼λǿ߾磡
߼λǿߣʱĲ֮ӥӦ߼λǿ۷徳磡
ҪǿһЩҲûпܽɱ
꣡
֮ӥȵ
յУһǵأɳĮһƬ
Ȼ֮ӥûй˼̫࣬ΪɱͰ˹ϧƽɳĮϵȫ
˹Сģ
˵
㵲ڰ˹ǰļס˷ȥʱҲǽѪ񵶰˳һâǰĻ
˹㱧סҲһɲǼ䲻֪Щʲôһ̣ʩչ֮ǲ֮ӥס

֮ӥ
ȻʱսѪ񵶣Ȼһ˹ȥ
ǧ֮ӥȻ˹ס˫ȻӶһ羢ײȥ
䣡
ǿޱȵû뵽ոһȻûжԲ֮ӥκˣȻڿС
ֻУ㣡
֮ӥҲѾΪ֣ˣ
ķ
ʩչķ֮䣬ʧһ㣬֮ӥҲЦǷķߣѵûи㣬ӵв֮ôһ
֮ӥȶһ羢ſлȥӴķ羢ϯ£Уֻޡ
յУ·Ҫѿһ϶һ㣬ǴǷ϶г֣˵ʱ򣬰˹
˹Ȼʲô˼ʩչ֮һƾճڿУȻ֮ӥס
⡭ñɵСӣϹ
䣡
ȻһԷȳķ羢ȫƳһӳǿޱȣֱնڲ֮ӥϣ

֮ӥȫ˺ѷεĿ
Ϊ֮ӥնҲǿûѡսߣ
һȥ
նһٶȲô죬ǿ׷ȥ
˵ĿȻѾ˲֮ӥ


1825 
֮ӥƾڱԶӣվʹջ˥ߡ
ٶȿʼƺѾɵҪĵط
һƬɽȣ
ٶȸպܹ֮ӥͰ˹Ҳ׷˹ȥɽȺܴò֮ӥз衣
ٶѾ˹˵ǼӿٶȾͿ׷ȥΪ㲻׷
뿴֮ӥʲôӲģһ飡
˵
֮ӥɽ֮УһƬݵͣ
ͷҲûлأ·֪Ͱ˹һ㡣
ݵ֮ϣһ˶ԲԲһѼѼѿһ϶ͷųһ˿˿ֵĹ⻪
֮ӥǡѼϣ˵ϵѪѪڡѼ棬ʹѷԽԽ
Ͱ˹վڲ֮ӥϣûг
֮ӥ˵ǽ첻ҴҲ̫ã
Ϊʲô
ҵĺӣҿĺӣûбҷ¶ãͱǶסˣ
֮ӥܲɣ
˵⵰Ǳƻģ
ǸǣҪҵĺӣǵǱѿһ϶޷ƵĴˣ
֮ӥ˵ҪסҵĺӣֻҵѪսǰȫȥȡĴڣ
Ϊʲôһ
˹˵
Ǻǣ֮ӥһֻܷ֮һӣҲסĻҽûк
˵ҲǣǽҳնˣʤΪΪܣɱǣҲǣǵĳǿ츳Һӵڣ
˹˵Ͳɱ㣿
ðɣǵĿĵʲô
֮ӥ˵
ʯ
ڵʯô
֮ӥ˵ҷˣҪǶ֣ҽҵĺҾͻʯȻǵģ
˵㻹ʲôδ˵Ը
ΪʲôҪ֮ǰǲô
ڿֻһԼӵĸף
ûԸֻǺúðкΪˣǶƬԭǲŹģ
ţ
ͷ
û뵽ҪһԶŻ˰ң
֮ӥ̾㿴ӿѪԽԽ࣬ЩѪȫӵǵѷ쵱͸ȥһһΣƺҲһͷųҵĹԡ
Ҷʱ򣬱ʱ̣λˣңǵԸǣ
˹
㣡

ա
ʳڵ
ѾΪ
˶֪⵽ʲô
죬󲿷ֵǰһϲ֪ġ
ʮλʦҲϤЩʦУΨֻзһƬ֮ɫħ˵أΪִ֣Ѿ֪ȽΪλҪܣ
ħұΪһηǿȨȴû뵽ԭҲͬ
˵Ұ㳹ʧԼ
أ˳ΪΪҲԼΪûаյԿ꣬µľѾǳʣѾƿʳԿڶԿˣ
ħ˵
˵ΪԼҵĽڣħһԿɶһ̣
أħλһֱ˵ЩʲôأһĲô
˹
ɫѿħЦزǺҷһЩɧˣ쳤ϣ˶ѾˣѡʽھͿٿأ
ˣ
˵
Ͱ˹ôеӿѾ˻ʳӦǲ˰ɣ
ħˡ
˵ħ˹ͽܣ㲻Լͽܶ뺦ɣ
ħɫȻ˸ߵʱȥķعأǵ䣬ֻһˣ
ҵȻ֪һǽضϹҪϻλãǲܵģ
˵
ҡҡͷأҾ͵Ǻȶ˼ƾûȫ˵
ǰȥʦ𶼹ĳͷ
ԴλʧѾ࣬ǻʳУһֱȺףͬڵļλȫڱչأĴһ໢񣡡
˵ԣΪ˲ĴһԸǣǽҪѡµĹ
ѡ򣬳ϲ뾺ѡֻһӿԲ뾺ѡ
˵ǻʳУһӣһˣʸ뾺ѡվ
ɵվһһ֪һСģҲǵһۣ̫Ŀŵˣǻ⣬Ҳǿķֿˡ
վǵһߣء
ˣȥûʲôվһֳζ
ǵУ˿ԾѡҲԷΪҪҪѡһλܹǻʳǿߣ֪֮˻ʸϻĻǷ
˵
ɺ˶ѡ˷
ͬǣߵˣǴһ˿߰ģ˵ǳɹһ㡣
ˣһ˿źǱʸѡģ֪յĻ̳ˣҲûа취ֻȨɡ
ãֻɺҪѡ
˵˶һӵеٮٮߣʵѾִ߼λǿ߾磬ǣأм¼вûɣԭҲӦ뾺ѡģΪ˹ƽһһƽѡĻᣡ
ͷǷӦøл쳤ϵʴȴ壡
л̫磬ҲкЩʱûпɶԾˣ˽һ䶷Ӯһǻ
˵
թ
аͲɶ֣ȻҪڼ̳лʱ˵ᱻɱ
ߺߣʦ֣֮䣬ҲӦһ䶷ʤˣ֪ǶҪɳΪҳΪʳʷϵһӰɣ
˵
У㲻ɶ֣ҪװԼ
˵
Ҳ˭ⳡѡУܻȥҲܻģ
˵
Ǿ
һͳ
˶Ŀ⿴⡣
Ӱ˵ע⡣
ɾһӵ߽һ£һλ湫ӣ㿡ΣվŵһλɰŮӣĻоȻһֻСĶ˭ҲʲôСȴгһգۼĻС
Ȼǰ˹㣬˽ŴӻƽɳĮ˹ҲɺԾ֮ǰϹˣ
СǱȽϲ㣬Ҳűһ㲻ˣ
˹˵
СĻбļ£Ŀ֮·ļϣ˲ǿСһ߲ʵĳ۾С࣬Щ񣬾ʲôޣǻǲ
㣬Ͱ˹ȥѡôڲ
ϴЩŭʵϣֻ֪е޵ʲô


1826 ѱ
ʱ䲻Ǹոպô
˹˵
Ҳԣ˵ʱȷǲˣֲһӣҪ뾺ѡ
˵
ʧˣ쳤ϣĿǰĳйֵӦÿԾѡˣ
ܣŸոսӣôֽһӣ
ҡͷ
˾ϲ㣬ѵǳɹˣ
ǲ֮ӥʯУ
˵
ţһ龧Ө͸ʯҲǳ֮С
ڵеȫ𺳵Ŀ⿴ʯ˵ʲô˵ʥ֮һ֮ӥʯҲţǰ˼λǿ߾ʥޣ㲻Ķ֣
ǻǣһɣ˵棬ô
˵
֮гһǹ͸ʯ֮Уɫȫˡ
˵ȷǲ֮ӥʯ쳤ϣӦû˵˰ɣ
ӶӵһӣȷҪһʥ޵ʯɣ㣬ǿ
˵
ʹ겻ôɱ֮ӥģǰʵҲվ޷˵ǲ֮ӥʯչأȷǿԽһӣڣ
˹˵ȻԽһӣΪβڣ
ΪѡʽѿʼΪٵ֮ˣ޷ѡģ
˵ұ֤ȵѡˣȻһӣ
ѡҵһиƨã
аǰǴһ˿ЦƺڳЦ㣬ҪҶСӻԭһĨҲʧ˵ֻҪûѡ֮λض֮

ϵС˿ҲȶﾹȻһֵĹߡ
Уȵ㣬ǲģ
쳤϶˵ˣѵһʶô
㣡
ҡͷڻѡɣϣ粻Ӱ֮ĶԾ
ҲżڵȻѾƣһ˷ԣҲûа취
ȻʱһȴǴӵ
쳤ϣѡȻ֪ͨңǲҽˣˣ
ߣ彡ʣ񣬴߽УһҲ˵ףǳˣ
ǽһĸףʳеĳ֮һ
ϣһֱڱչصУô˼㣬οҵѡʽȫӦûκ⣡
쳤ǿǳ˶֪ģҼȻأôⳡ¹һʳδ˥ʽһ֤ɣ
ȻϳأȻԸһ֤λĳ֣
˵
˵ϣԭѡӦˣ쳤ԳٵΪɰһӾѡȨҾǷȱǣ
ֻΪٵȡѡʸ쳤ϣҲ飬ôλʦѵͬ쳤ϵΪô
˵
ĲУ⽯һؾ͸Լɫ⻹˵ãΪڵʵҵĶôںͷһǿ׳˶еĺܣ»Էǣ
Щʦȫͷȥ˵
˵أλѡȴǱ쳤Ϸģ
ǰһ
㣬ҷعµӣ
˺ܽ
۵ͷţҽ۵ҲӦûһιƽľѡĻᣡ
˵ϣҲǳϵлȨˣ˵㲻ܾѡͲܣҲ޷
ټϲأ
ڵ⣬ֽλߡ
ϴЩЦݣȥܳȡ
ǽʱЯһɹǿƣõڵն
ȫû뵽λϾȻڽͬһʱ̳أҪ֣Ҳĳ겻Ƕ֣
쳤ϣδ˵ģЩȻڱչأʳз飬ȴһû£츳ͷԻǣѡǲǵ
һλ˵
ɴ⼸λϽѾ²⵽ᷢʲôﻹһֱڴܹסѹĻȴһִõĸܡ
λ϶˵ˣҪִȥҪŭҲΪ˻ʳδȻǶҪ뾺ѡôɣ
ȥЩ޿κΡ
Цݣ֪ɶ֣Ϊ˲öԷ׳ΪҲҪƴˣ㵱ϻҪùǧȻҲϲá
ǱĻҺ֮ӦòҪˣҵĶ֣
˵
ǹĳ˵һģΪҪ䶷ˣ겻ɵӣ飬ġ
˵Ȼֻӵʱûһܵľѡ죬ȵɣ֮پѡλϿ飿
쳤ϿܵǶ֮ͬѡ
ţôɢ˰ɣ
˵

ҹǹ㡣
ɹУȴһ˿ա
꣬ߣɣԼλһӶУȻвʦǶе
߿ڣף˶ˣ
ͷɣɫôôѿ˵֮λȻģֻڳһ鷳֮Ȼܵϻ֮λںʲô
쳤ϣҺ£һʵ̫ˣԴлңһˣǻɱʥ֮һ֮ӥλҲҡ
ʲôŲȥˣηˣ
˵Ҹ㣬ɣҲֻĻᣬңҸ㣬֮㽫㾺
Ϊʲô
˵ΪʲôᾺ
ѵ׵˼ǣ
߱Ȼһɱ˵ơ
λѾأֶԸңѾ㵱ϻȻˣҾɱ㣬֪ʳе˭˵㣡
˵
Ҳǵͷ쳤ϣ˵Ĳʵ̫ˣʵվҪǲɱʼһˣ
ҲǼףֻҪ֣ɣ
ʦԭΪλϳأǲ֪ӦվǱߣ֮ǰ֧꣬ΪʵǿģλֵʵȻ껹ҪǿǣҪɵ飬ȻһǿļֻҪնɱ㣬֮λȻɵģʱʳҵ£ǸȻ츣
ЩʦУħҲǿһħħһֱ¶İң˹ĵӣϣǽնɱ㲻аң
ħҡͷ쳤ϣҼȻѡվߣͲȥ̫࣬Ƕں֮ڰˣֻҪһʳֿɵãҵӦɵϻ֮λʱӦ˵ʲôشˣ

䵱УһЦ


1827 
ͬʱȴǶڷعС
ץʱ
˹ͷڷع⣬ǲ
˵ѡ֮پѡһıֶεԸ񣬾λϳ֣Ҳ㵱ϻģ
ɱ㣡
˹˵
˾ȣô֪
֪Ҳʲôɲʵ֮ϣֻҪ㳹ɱҵĽɽܱס
˹˵
ҡͷ֪ˣҽλϣǱ㣬ɸǣ
һʱһ
˹˵ΪԸ񣬻λϵıӻô
̾ǣɱ㲻Ƕ֣
ΪãȻİΣ
˹û˵ʵѾڰ˼λǿ߾磬ĿǰʵȻǲǱ޴˭ҲܱǱǻ֮ܲӥһ
һҹȥûгڷع˹ͷҲһҹûк۾
ڶҹӷع˶΢΢ɻ󣺡ͳô
ǣˣ
˵
ʶǿ󣬾˺Ͱ˹ûиоȴѾܵһ˿ɱ
ȻڻʳҪɱģûˡ
ҲܵɱŨ˵㣬˺Ҳǻ꣡
ҵҪԻ
һ˿ȹâ
ݣ
һһӰվ֮ϣźɫ磬ꡣ
Ǵһ˿⣺ˣ죬ȫҪ
꣬ɥĲ֮ˣھȻҪɱ㣬Ҫǻʳٲ֮ô
˵
أȻʳҪֻٵߺߣ˳߲ǹ˳һüĻֻ·һ
ڿУħһ㣬ŷع
ĮҪɱɱ£
ߣСӣΪԶŻҾͲɱ㣬͡١йϵҲηΪҵѪɲ㣡
꾹Ȼڿлһ޴ڷع֮ϣһͷų˹˵㣬Сģɾ޵У׶Ը
ҲǰԶֳһֻ࣬ϧҲܻĻͽɱݵš
һ棬ҲǷԾȥܲ½磬ԾعˣطҲһ֪
Χ磬Ӳˣ
˵
ɱ
˵ȭһȭлҪӲޱȣȭһϾȻûаӦ
ȭ޷˺˹ʩչ֮Ҳߵˣô˵˾С
ǰ˼λǿߣֻλǿߣҪƴĻ߼λǿ۷Ҳƴ߼Ͱ˼ʼնо޴Ĳ࣬껹ܻҶԼ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ˣѪеĹŻСٴ˯УʣѾûжƿԴˣ
껯Ѿе飡

ڵ
λ϶УԴӱչԺѾܾûе顣
һΪ۵ĶӣҲڵС
˵λϣǶЩʲôΪǻҪҪ֪ȥʳΣӣ
ϣϾҲǴϣȻЩ֣ҾӦûڸɳʳ飡
ҪλѾ𺦻ʳˣҲɵʤλ֮λ
˵
ϣɵ⣬ҪһУûиһᣬڳĻҲԲ˽ףҾĻȻܹΪ
ֻǻ֮أ
ʲô˼
ҵ˼ɱ̬أô޷μӻѡǷ֮λɵ֮
ϣֻǲ²ˣҲ̫쳤ϻ
λϣҸײ²ҲеϾͲֶΣҾӦȥ㣬Ϊֻмλ꣡
һҲ˵
˽ۣλȻڵ֧뾺ѡ˵׻Ҫгϵְ𣬲ɡ
ǽһĻȻҲǸ˸ѣҪгϵְ𣬵ǲҲҪгϵְ𰡣Ҫɱ㣬ʱǲλҲǲʵˡ
쳤ϣȥعɣԸʲô鷢
һλ˵
ҲǵͷһȻȥҺͼλȥع
һϾӣǵʱҪɱ㣬һȥˣҲûаãһױˣ
һΨһĶӣȻš

عѾױˣޱǿҵڵϲϵȼš
ϵСȥƺֵܹסͷŵ棬ûд󰭡
Ѿشˣ³ѪȻ˵㣬ܣ㲻˻ʳˣ
ѱ޿κΣһ̣ûйŻѪ񵶶óֵ档
عˣҲҪȫҪ
껯˻ţΪµĽ絲סʳ¶Ҫ
ҽҲʱֽԶİˣ
˹˵
˵˵㲻֣ܳ
ڲֵĻ˶Ҫ
ǣֵĻǻҵģ
㣬Һܸл㣬ոҪαˣʩչһлǲʩչĻҡǺǣ
˹ϴһ˿ҵЦݡ

СļϷ˰˹۾һգһգһɹĵħһ㡣
˹СԴǶûиȡ֣ǻһģ
ո˵ʲôԶİ࣬ҪԶѵңѵҲԶˣ
ߣ
˹ûгУ˻һɫľ
ɫľ֮ƺҪӴ٣Ƹǿ
ˣ
˳ԾԶˣڵƺ껹Ҫǿ
ҡҡͷ˹ǿһЩͲԳ֣㱩¶ݣǵõλ棬Ҳˣ

ɫ˻ƺЩη壬ƺδӵôǿԶˡ
λϣعȻˣաȻ
һ꣬ǣǰ˭
ȥ㵽û£
λҲʱϵƿ磬ԿʱķعһƬǽ壬Եǣǿվڵ֮ϣ˫һֱſеɫĿ֮Ųٽš


1828 µĻ
ô£أնɱô
˵
˵ͷĺҵķعѾˣã˹ԶѾǣ
ɫȻǰ˹
λ϶԰˹ЩӡҲǾȡ
ǽĿڿУû뵽ǣо֮սȴһ浹ĺƺҪߵ˼
ǰɫûиᣬһӾȻӿкݺݻȥ
䣡
һҳ
ΣºѪ˷·ȥ˼ʮ꣬ӵлκģûǰʵ
Ȼ˹׾پͽˣⰬ˹Զ塣
Σվڵ֮ϣ˹˵꣬ǲ˼ȫ̼ƻ׻ٵˣڣ֪㻹ôλ
ǧ㣬Ҳû㵽Ů˾ȻԶˣһӵǿˣķڷ㣬㣬㣬ԶŻˣǸǺӵΪֲ壬ûɱ㣬ź
˵
쳤ϣô㵽ΪʲôҪϾɱ
ߺߣΪʲôҸǣҲΪ˵õʳλʲôܱȵԶôֻҪҿλ棬ҽһطܹܲչֳǵĵط
˵ֻϧҶ츳̫ĻĶһܹΪ㣬㣬Ҳ޷ס
طܲ˹ȴҪܲѬģԶܲʲôĵط
˵
˹˵ҲԽԽǸĵط
˵λϣδã
ؽΣȽѡٶУ
ţ
λϽߡ
˽ãͰ˹Ҳ߳عᴵ˹㷢Ҳ˵û뵽ôҪƳʩչˣλ棬ҲǿҪȥˣ
ұԶǺͨһҲֻˣǿ˻λΣܹԶԿôܵģǵĺܣôŬҲܺǺôǿԿԲܵģ
˹˵
ȴ˵ûΪʲôͲԼܹأ
˹һ㣺Ȼ˵ĺܶԣһûǶԿˣ
Ǻǣڵ㣬ҵһۿ㣬ȫͬ
ҡҡͷ
˵ųô
˹˵ûҾųˣҾǰ̫ˣΪҺˣͿԶԿһ壬ǣҷ̫ˣλԶ˵ʲôأҪĻǵָһӼĹ̫󣬶̫ǲ࣬ǲòӵĲ࣡
ټԶŻأ
㿴ŷİ˹ټԶŻ˸ǷشǰǸûκη壬ڵСŮˣ
˹룺
ˡȫǺɱԶŻˣԶǡˡеҪԱҲҵĵˣԣ뽫ԶŻȫ֮Կ
˵
ԣո˵Ķǿͷ֧Ʊ
˹˵
жֵĿܣ
ã޷֣עҪץȥҲǶԿ
˹˵
ţ˹Ҳô뿪λ棡
а취Ҷǵ׷٣
˹ͷҲĪȡ

ʳУ֮λѡڽС
ڵУ˿ĳ֡
ߺˣһĶӣһļһ
˵ϣҸѾʧˣΪǻɳȥзعҲˣ鵽ǲǺ㻹зйأ
Ҳ˵û쳤ϣ⾺ѡʽ޷УΪ֪쳤λеĴϣ˵Ļзģλʦ˵ǲǣ
ЩʦͷͬɵĻ
ţɣߣȻǶ֪䣬ҲǰɣڱǹεУ
˵
ϣ˵ʲôҸ׹εУΪʲôƾʲôʲôȨ
߼
ɱ㣬شعҲˣѵûȨУ
˵µ죬һǧΣҲϧǣϣȻ̳
ܵģҸôܻʧܵģǰ˼λǿߣôûɱ㣡
߿Ŀ⵱Уŭ
Ϣ֮˶ǿһȻûķ֣֮λ
Щԭ׷ʦҲ׻ǶѾʧˣȻҪ֧λˡ
ɵĽۻ㣬Ҳ˵ϣҾҸԳΪԣҪ˳ľѡȫ
λϽǶͷȻģҲˣɣϣԺܹΪʳЩʵ£
ǣϣ
ɵͷ
˵⻰Ľɱӵ͵ǽͷݣߵ֪Ӧô죬Ҳ˺
һЦĿ㣺ô⵹ģ㣬СԺҪúøɣһȫ֧ģ
ˣҲ̳л֮λ
˵
Ȼ㡭㲻̳֮λ
ûо꣬˵λϣҲ˳ѡ
ʲô
˵ʲô㣬Ҳ˳ѡ
Ϊʲô

λϳԾڵе˶ĿĿ㡣
Ȼ˳ᣬǲ֮λģȻ㣬ȴʱ˵Ҫ˳ᡣ
û֪Щʲôѵ뵱ô
Ĭ
˵ľô
ǵģ
ͷ
ðɣԼɣԵ޹ʷΪĻᣬôΪǻʳһεĻϣܴǻҫ
˵
ûзӦȻپܾΪˣĻѡʽʲô˼
Ȼϲأһ̣һֻʳ˺ǣһĸͷλϣңԸΪʳȫ
Ŀɨһԣ㣬Ȼ˳ľѡϣԺܵõȫ
û⣡
ͷ
ʱִߴ˽˵ʲô飿Ȼܵļ
ϣ
ǼҲû뵽λϾȻϼĺܣ˵һλǿ㱨

ϸӾȣû뵽ʳѡˣǹ˲еĺģ˵ڶ³ǲ̽¼ѾȷλʧĴ壬ڶ³˵飡


1829 Ѫϴʳ
˰ӦĴ˵ļƲߣͰ˹Ҳ뿪ڵ
˹˵ʲôʱʼˣ
ʩչʱأ
ʼ磺֮λ̳аɣڻλģҲǣȻа취ܲ׷飬ǲһֱλϵģ
ǺӹӦȥ߲ελ棡
˹˵
Ĵ˱ضʳģһȱչؼ죬㲻ʩչˣĻ鷳ģ
㶣
˹ͷ
΢΢ЩźֻǿϧûܳΪ֮ĳŵע޷ˣ
ŵ
˹ȻƺһĨߺ죬Ǻܿʧ㿴СŮ˵һ棬˵һǶѣԺǻٴԼ
һǶѣҲǺں
ʼ硣
㣡
㱳ȥ˹Щġ

ΪĴʽˣ⼸죬ʳҲǽ䱸ɭϣ̽еĸ֮Ȼ뿪ʳͶĴϢҲ˽֪
һػʳսȻ졣
ʳڵɽµļִߴҴҸͼλ϶ڵУλ϶˵ǵѾˣ
ǵģ壬壬Ѫңж¼壡
һ
ɽµִԱѾˣӦôͻɽ
ͷ˵λϣĴڣгϱȻҲɽӦǣ
ǶѾˣʵǶԸǣǻᾡ뿪ֻҪڣǻʳлᶫɽ𣡡
ĴۺǰλڻʳУɱϻʳǰЩ죬ѾҪˣȴǳɹֻĴ壬Ĵ嵱еҲӹţȷʳеĻʧʹĴ
ʵԻʳڵʵԿĴģϾʳҲֻλϣ¼ĳϾλ
Щϵʵʵ϶ֻ߼λǿ۷徳磬ʳΨһһ˼λǿ߾ĳ걻εУȻҲܷ
ûйãɽ£һ𣬶ɽ϶𶯵ķ·Ҫҡ
ݣ
һӰڵ֮⡣
ߵ˽Ƕ棬ɱȥʱʳǣҽҸ׾ȳ
ʲôڵݣֻǻʳһͽˣֻǸպ£㣡
עݣ

ս
˵ִߵвģԴڵĺ뿪ΪǻʳڻλĸЧ࣡
ǻսһ̣
˵
λҲ˵ʳ
ǣʳ
ڵеĵӺʦǶ˵
ʳЦЦǸĳС㣬ǻʳЩʱˣﻹܰ죿

֪ʳĻʧϢȷʱѾԼ͸ױƭˡ
ҲʹǶ¼Ĵ嵱뱻ϾѾ¿ʵֻηʳɱЩʳеĵӣԶ¼ķڷ
ԣôû
һλ˵
ʵǶһģܹȵϳϣʱæȻԾƻ
ڱչأзִģϹ
˵
ţԶŻˣǰ˹ϻĻδزǶ֣
˵
Ҳڴʱ˵Ŵ򿪣
ǣ
ִ߽ڵĴŴ򿪡
һ׹˽ǶվŵЩĴˡ
λؾһλʳĻɣõǲǳɲܰǻʳʲôæĴ˽Ѿټ㼸ʮλ߼λǿ߾ĸִֵʳʶĻϽͶĻҪѪϴʳ
˵
ߣҪѪϴʳʵô
ȵ
ƻȻûа¶ԷǿߵȷԼߵҪ٣ȻŻʳܹͦȥ
Ҳľģʳеʦ͵ǶվڵС
Ȼڤ粻飬ͲܹĴĺˣ
˵
ɱǣѪϴʳ
Į˵

һķعС
Ȼڽ˫ϥڵϡ
һԵİ˹ЩļѾԶڵѾȼ̣޴𵴶ȻĴѾͻʳе˽սˡ
ΪֻǱչǿʶ֪ܲۿû˹ҲѾ֪Ȼͨ춦
ͨ춦У֪ҲȻܳͨ춦еѿ˷
Ҳֻһܽȥôͨ춦ûа飬˵ĻˣΡֻ㾡
˹š
Լ㾡ֻϣͺá
˹ͻȻһâӹҲЩϲˣ
ۣ
³Ѫ
ôˣѵʧˣ
ǣ̫ˣһųأã׭ҵˣ̸ڵѾѪɺˣ
˵
춼ͨ춦Уͨ춦еƸмζҪڶС
Եǣǳˣʵǣ
˸ϵڵʱѾɱѽѷ֣Ѫɺӣʬء
ĴԼʳ˶˴룬Ĵǿ߻ҪȻʳǿ߶٣ռž޴ơ
ۣ
Ҳ³ѪΧһƴؿڴɶۺһλϷǶոջʳܱ˾޴ͶԷѪƴȫΪһȣη̬ȫ˻ʳʦ𣬵ǵʿ
Ȼ˫ϾвģʳȻֵסôãһ̣Ҫһ
ߣϺ󣡡
˵
ҲߣҪƴȥ
˵
ߣǻߣȫҪ
ɺȵ
ҲĮɣոɱ˲ٻʳˣ⼸һɣ
һɳ죬趯һ
۵ǰҲ˫Ȼĳһȥû뵽ǣһȻûƿķһ
ף
һ
ۿŽ۾ҪһأʱһȴǴԶȻֱӽ㵯ɳȥ
飡
޴ʹĴʣµλֶɫ䡣
Ȼû뵽Ȼʳлǿߡ
һλԻ˰ǿߣ
Ҫ֪ʵЩ˵жٮٮߵģβǽ
Ӱܿǰ
ɫҵȻϲ㣬㣬ˣ
ţˣ
ҲܳأϾΧ̫ʳӵʬ塣


1830 һ򵱹
ȻʹĻʳӶ׷ǹʣûжٽϾǻʳеĵӣҷ˶ȷʵԴʱҲЩЩĻʳӡ
㣬Сӣǳˣڶ³УǺĴòңҪ߽ȫ鶼ˣߺߣǻ֪ྐྵȻ
ɺȵ
Ҳһţû뵽ͽûϵֻҪ֣·һ
㱾뿴һȻʱ̵ͽȻҲߵĴ·Щ˲Ÿôϵʳܲûߵ䣬㵭˵쾿˭·һϣǸ
˵һ˲䣬ͻȻоԼ徹Ȼܿƣ߷ȥ
ҲǽڿУֳצץڶеĲϡ
ףңСӣʩչʲôҾȻûз֮
˵
Ĵĸֶ˵СӺǿոһһˣһ£Ǵһֲǲܴ⣡
ȾҶӣ
˵
ҲǺȵֶԸСӣ
Ĵ弸λ춼֣۾ûգһ£еĺһ˲䣬ȻըѪ
ж
˻
Ȼһ̣ҲǱһȭɣ
ȭҲǱһʩչԼȫȭɳȥ
ѪЩûǰĻȻҲҪش˵һʵȻѾִ˼λǿ߾ˣλϣֻܶԸˣ
ǲ´ˣ⼸Ȼͨ춦ͻƣȴֻ߼λǿߵʵķ׭أǶԸ˼λǿҲ䣡
οոܵǼˣֻ߼λǿ۷徳硣
һȻֽôȥĻ綼ҪԽң
˹ԵЩ̫ģƺʹһ飬ǿһһһεĽȻһĳԽԼ
ͽ϶ǳһ˿οǻʳôĴۣǵȵ㣬һ򵱹أĪĴǿߣ޷Ը
λ˼λǿߣλ߼λǿ۷徳磬ɣ
㿴ǰĴλϡ
ֻλ˼λǿߣȻûб
Ȼλֻǰ˼λ棬˼λǿߣѾﶥǿˡ
꣬ҲֻǰλϿԶԸڻʳǰλǾǴ˵еľżλǿߣѾʧ˭Ҳ֪ȥ
СӣȻ£ֻĴ˵黹ҶĿ࿴ôʵôǿѪңλ棬ǵˣ
һλ˵
ѪҪСӸոɱ˶УǶ¼ĳˣ㻹ҪȥѪң
ҿɹ̫̫ܲ࣬ϧ˲ˣбǷһϧСȴǱޣѪұǻλϵˣ
㣡

ǵӶҪˣðɣҿɲʱ򻹷ֻǣֻǵǣ֣Ȼǣ
鵭Ȼ
ЦҺѪλ˼λǿ߾ͲܶԸģСӣҪΪеۣ
λϳ˹
һ֣λҲûţʱ̣˭д󣬱ϾԷһλոջǿߣʹôᣬⲢǻῴ
Ѫ񵶱˳һڵȾһɫ䣬ǿʬһ㿴ǰˡ
飡
λһ֣ȴǳ߼λǿʵĳϻȥ˸޷סĵֱ֮ӱɳȥ˼λǿȴҪʱɱ㡣
ȻڿڵƾʧʶǿҲ޷Ӧλá
Сӣķõã
ƻûãǿʩչķԺĺܡ
ˣ
һλϺȵ
ĵоۼӴһȻȥ
ߣΪ˵ô
ЦһѪȻûйŻѪȻ޷ֵ
ȻʵҲž޴Ĺϵ
䣡
λϾȻĵˣһҲǳ
ȻƬ̹λҲǱˡ
ɲ˵ⲻܣԲܣʱڶ³ǣûô֮ǿΥ
ǰҲǺǣδ뵽λ־Ȼܸ㡣
ϾϲһΪβϵأʵԼǣǱ֮ǰλй֮޲ǿߵ磬ģ
ȻΪУȴʺϵǸˣҽҲȫĻʳڻ治ڶ˵
λȻз֮Ƕ֪Լ޷սʤ㣬Զûгˡ
ոձˣһλ죺ǲϣûа취ˣĴȷǱһ˻ˣ
ܣ˾㣬Сӡ
ҧ
µͷΪѾιϷֻʳĵ̣ȴû뵽Ȼôǿļһ㣬˵ûǰˣǰܸʳǰܸ㣡
ѪûˣͷҲһǻʳʤΪΪܣʳʧ޷ֲǵҪɱˣ
Ҫɱ㣬СӽҶɱˣҪɱ
˻һӡ
ûгȥǱ¼һλ£ѾˣѵҪ᣿һսʧȥӣܶˣԼʳ˶ʧȥˣѪҵ˵ĲʤΪΪܣʵɣ
㿴һ۰˹֪Ҫ뿪ΪʵϽ飬ѾҪˣЩ֪롣
ҸײŹģ
һ
ߵӰڴ֮⡣
Ҳߵ˫ͨ죬Ҫһ㣬ͷҷȻеζ̫ܡ
ߣ㾹Ȼҵؽ˳
ȵ
걻ΣûϤεлص˰æĻһӶܱų
ΣȻҲеĹѺء
εȻѹסϵѾȫָû뵽ڵоȻῴѪɺӵһĻҲû뵽㾹ȻѾʳĴˣ
ˣҪıƣ
ȵ˹εѾͨˣһֱŲɰȻΪԼԶǺͨߺߣûв´ĻǴɭλߵǸԶ壡
˵Σɱ㣿
˹ȵɢĴо˹ʵȻܱ㻹Ҫǿ
ģ
г뷨ʱǺ޲ԼԼһƣȻûеûʳʵɽˣ
ȻһеģȻߣͻȻ꣬Ĵ˲ô͹ɽġ


1831 ǻ
߼Ĵ˿ЩԣҲЩǣЩһﷴԸʱ˵˹֪ܲЩʲôӡλʩչǲ֪ܲģʩչĻٺ٣ֻǺܿͻλˣ
˵꣬첻Ҫ˹֣Ѿɱ㣡
λϣбҪ˺ԸСˣֻҪʳ˽ûκвڰ˹ѱ
˵
ѪҺͶ¼ҵĳԥţǻǾ֣ɰܾڴһ٣㣬Ҫ
һһ·ʹǣڿǶ
ȵ
ӰͽȻʧϣһش̳֣Щش̻ˣ󣬰յУһȻɱӿ֣˶û뵽ķķȻ˴ĵزǸ޷ٶȡ
ţһϹһɫףԼһӰ
ȥ
Ѫ񵶵㣬һУһնɱѪҵϡ
һ¼ҵĳȻЩڣҪӣȴǱһն˱ϣˤڵϡ
꣬ԭҪ͵Ϯ㣬û뵽ת˲һ˫һȻ
ôΪʳЧķϣһ·ұ֤Ժضȫ¸㣡
ߣʹڵϣֻʣ½ԼŷϣȻ뿴㣬˵Ķԣ
˵
һնȥ
꣡
Ѫ˳վڲԶŵЩιȥû뵽Լĸ׼˼λǿ߾Ȼ޷Ը㣬ˣһˡ
ĴĲκζԻʳľٶˣҲѾ֪ĴѾʵûа㷭֮ˡ
ߣͽҪɱ㣡
˵
Ҫɱң֪ҴˣҲñѻʳŹңҸ׶ˣѾҵˣ
鶼ˡ
ȴ۾ûգһ£һƱǴϴȥ
˵ȳȥˣ£ҿɲ̫У
ţȾƣ
˵
ͷ
˹ڵҲûκҪɣҲ뿪
˼λǿߣ㣬ûԶŻ˵츳
˹˵
ֻǰ˼λǿ߳ھˣһھ磬ҶԵ֣֪һλŮǿߣԾˣҲ
㵭Ц
ԣ˹ҲԳŮǿߣѱɣ
˵ôˣҲú£
˵
ߣʱҪʩչˣ
˹һı顣
ϵʱӦ˳Է
ϣҲѾĴҪԱŻȥˣҪǩһַʳЭʾ£ʳĴԿȥˣҲǱ֤˻ĸãһЩΪҲǶȽͬҲһ
ԭҪŷϽλø㣬ȴǽԼͰ˹֮Ҫ뿪λûǿҲ֪Լ޷ȥӰ㡣
ոɢȥǿ˹ЩʶͷųȥҲüѹָոտǾȻôˣ
ǣػˣҪ¶ˣ
˹˵
Ҫﱩ¶٣ܹǿ뿪λ棬󶼺ױԶҵ
˵㲻ҪֻǸӦͷ֪㣬ûôأ
˹˵Ը˰ɣЩ죬ҿһǱչغˣ

ڶ죬ʳϴִ߱ǿɱ¾Ϣ˼
Ҳǲ²Щִ߾ǱԶػɱġ
ԵЩȻ˼ԶѾųץ˹ˣ
ǿеǿߣҶӦ
˵
ţʲô취סǣɲ֪˹
Ѿɽ·ˣΪ˹ɽͷģ
ȷǾҪɽˣ
Щȡ
û뵽һĴֹʳԶ˵ǳݵλ㶼˵ԼǶ֣ȻԷޱǿҲЩġ
߰ɣǵжǿ
˵
Щǵͷ
վڵ⣬Ѿܵɼǿڳ߷ɽٶȼ죬δǰǳˡ
һɫͷӿڵҲʲôִӣ
ǻʳĻ˭ʲô
˵
һڷ˵ʲô˵ģԶܲǱߴϣиͽɽʩչȥģ
Զ壿
֪
˿䣿
ǸҪԶ˵ĻôܿϧѾˣ
ˣ
˲ţܣΰԶôʵǿʩչĻ˭Ҳס
ŲţˣǻʳеĻǻλԵ죬ѵһûƭǣ
˵
к֤ݣ
ðɣĹǻҿǲ鿴һ£
˵
йǻҵĻǵȷܿܲǷԶˣ
Եȣ
˵Ƿڵ
ܿ죬һйǻóǸڷƺЩ֮Աǣһ£Զ˵ĻǾ뿪ҿǼЩ˵Ķ
ƷӵͷӴ򿪣ڹǻһ£üȷԶˣûãǴǻԷ嵽ǲǸͽ
ֲˣӦɣҲǷȻֵطʵұˣӦ
ڷƺЩͷˡ
Ʒ˵йǻҪߣУ֪˭ɱ
ɫһ䣬ԥʱ˵ɱģ
Ʒб䣬ȴһԲͺڷתǷ뿪
˿ˣǿҸоɱңֻҪָͷˣ
Ҫ£УҶϣǲмɱģ
Ȼܲģǵ뷨
ûз֣ǺλԶ˽̸ʱһӰȴԶǡ
ħ걻ؽΣʦǵбΪǽͷݵĵͣ۷ǱߣΪΪʦڻʳеĵλҲ죬ʹħҲǼȲƽ⣬Ҫ֪ǰͰ˹ûгֵʱͷڻʳжƽƽģڣȴȻ
أҪֽİĵ㻹Ǹ첲յĵӰ˹㻹ڻʳӵܵ˾ߣ
ħһЦ


1832 
峿
ˮɽУ˹չȻûһЩԶĹ
㵽ʱѾӱչ״̬гˣĿ⵱ЩĮǻص㿴ʱ
Ŀ⵱У㻹һ˿᣺ˣ뿪˻ʳ
˹ǻҺУֻҪܲ˼ǻ
˵
ǾҪ뿪λ棬Ļٱ¶´뽫أ
˹˵
ͷȥ
룡
˹üȥλ棬Ǹżλ棬ǸӸ߼λת۵㣬ԱӣǱԶ֪ȥһʱҲҲģ
Ӹ߼λ棿Ⱦżλ滹Ҫǿ
ǺӹžŴ棬ڵλ棬Ŵ浱У
Ǳλ滹Ҫĵط
ʵִżλǿ۷徳磬˽ʲô漶ǿˣ
˹˵ԶŻеλǿߡ١һżλ棬ԲǺӺ䶯Ҫ֪żλ浱пǼпܴڲ漶ǿߣ˵١ԶŻһ񻰣ĻˡҲһҪɱ
оȣû뵽ԼֻǺӵеһǺ֮УȻǿڵս
ҲѪ
㣬ҲʩչҪƿλĽ磬Ҫҽλ棡
˹˵ƺʲôҡͷУڵʵֻܶԸ˼λǿߣҪλĽƿҪԸ˼λ۷弶㲻Ķ֣
ͷ
˹˵ػ߼Ȼ뿪˻ʳôٻһʱԴλ棬ԶŻˣ츳Ԥ⣬ʱڣҪ˼λǿߣл
뿪λ棬ҵٶҲȻģû⣬һʱ䣬ҳΪ˼λǿߣұλ棡
˵
ѾϥʼģҲǰҡͷа֪ΪˣҪҵĻ㲻࣬㣬УһеأҪͺˣ
ҹͻȻ۾ɫЩأ˹ҲüΪַػʳˣ
ҲԭҵʶѾɽ£Ѿɽˣ
ܣû취ǻҵʵԵģɽѵĿģ
˹Щɻ
ȥڵ
˵
Сģ
˹ǹػ

ɽϣɪӰɽ׷ɽٶȷɳۣ˰벽
Ǹһ˵Ļôôƭǣ
Ǹֹô˵ǷʵǶӦɽ̽ĻǻҲǰ˹ģǻλ棬ңǻӡģ
˷ɳۡ
ܿڵ档
ֱӽڵƿʱڵȻŲʦ𣬷˺ħУҲڵ棬ǲˣҲһɻ󣺡λʲô飬Ȼַػʳ
Ͱ˹
ǸеĺڷĮ˵
ʲô飿
ʵ
˵
һһӱһƣ˱ĳɷĩѪûС

ڵһƬȻ˭û뵽˾Ȼڵж֡
Ҫ֪ħ֪˭˸Ͳʲôˣ
һﾹȻڵҰɱ
˺ȵ
Զˣ
˵
һ˵ٵе˶û˵ԶˣǺӵеһ壬ҲԶˣϾʱѾ뿪Զλ棬ǰǵûеǹı
ǿû̫ʱǆ£ٶȣڿʼһӲ˵ұɱһˣֱڵȫɱ⣬ȻҲԽ˵˵ǻȥΨһϣ
˵
Ҳǹ죬һϢȻʧһ㣬ǾȻ̽ǵ䣡
һƷ˵
ô죿
Щʦˡ
һӸպõˣɱеһӣûа㷴
Ҫٲ˵ĻĻὫȫɱģ
㣬ڻվôҪҳǣǻҪȫ֣Ҳ
˵
˶˵ˣ϶ǲ֮ɫƺԼΣչͷԼ
ħЩѿû뵽Щ˾ȻΪˣô
˵ֻ
ɱˣһ˻ʦ
˵ǵʲôʲôˣ
ʲô
üãȻĻһӣڣ
Ǻسŵһ㣬˵һӵɱˣ;
ûаη壬ȻΪʲôʳôǿĵˣȻ˵ʵڵκһ˶޷Ӧġ
ʱ䵽ˣͷӣȥɣ
ո˵ꡣ
ڵȴǴһ죺Ҫҵңɱ޹ѵԶ˵磿
˻ͷ㣬Ҳ˵ߣҪһֵĻ˶Ҫҿɲǵʲôλ죡
˵뿪ǾòҶ֣Ҫǵвң
СӣȻԶŻˣδ̫˵ɣȻǵв㣿
ʵϣǲô
Ҫ̫ϻߣ
ţ
㿴ڵеˣ˵㣬֪ǰﲻʲôæϣͦأ
˵ʦûãֻܿԱ㻹ǿĵˣȴûаæ
ڵе˶뿪ħһֱۿˣΪ㣬ҵı飬˷ܺģû뵽ûָоһ˿ΣöԲʳ
֪ʱԼа֮ģǴҲҪһף
Ͱ˹ɭλ潫˹ɱˣܲѾɳǿץǣΣǶ㱻ɱιȥˣԶŻˣʶĻ͸Ͻ˹˵ҲʡǶ֣
˵
ҡͷ˹ѲڻλˣϾҪ뿪Ļҿסģ
Ϊǻ֮ǰһôƭôҪߵĻôܲ㣡
ȵ
̾Ϣһ֮Ĺϵˣ֪ҪץסҲǰңһ뿪˻λ棡
ˣ㣬Ҫ뿪λĻضٴʩչûиܵλаԣ˵ʵɣĻһ֪֪ԶһЩ̣
Ʒӱ˵
ҲǵͷֱСƭˣˣûʩչô뿪λ棿Ҫǲ˵ĻߺߣȻᱻĥ


1833 ͽ
ҡҡͷûа㺦ˣ˵Ǹûɱҵ˼뽫Ҵȥˡģ
㾹Ȼ֪ˡ
Ʒ˶ܾȣȷûɱͷȴû뵽㾹Ȼ˼
˹䣬ǲ֪ģԶŻˣǽҴܲҲаʧˣ
˵
˵Ϊ˭ǵ͵ȵԶŻ˰ˣǾǴ㣬ҲжĹ͵ģͰ˹ûжԵԵģ
֪١أ
˵
֪١䣿
һۻƷӣ˵Ϊ˵ʲôǶҪô
ʲôǲ᲻ɣ
㽫Ѫ˳
ǡ١ģʶ١
ȵ
ǻƷ˱ĺȵãǰ˹ҲȥǣȽСӴȥһ
ͷҲ뿪λˣ߰ɣ
˾ҪȥȻʱڵĴȴǱһӰڴ֮⡣
˹
ЩĪǸ߹Ҫô
һɺǿģŮӦþǰ˹
˵
ãõĺܣСӺͰ˹ȥεĹӦûܴģ
˵
˹Цżλǿߣ͸ץңܲôˣǿ߶ȥץԶŻôߺߣҿûзأ
˹㾹Ȼڳԣ
˵ǵϣܲʱ򲻹ǰ˼λǿ߰ɣˣץ㣬Цˣ
ȴǽ˹ɱ˹أ׵ܲеĻҳԱҪǲκδ۽ץȥץ㣬κλ棬׷ɱԣαأǸǻȥɣ
ץңǱɣ
˹ɫȻɳ⣬Ҳǻ׷˳ȥ
֪һսҪҲǷ
˶ɳڵǾȣɳȥʱҪһʲô״
Զʵ𣬻ǿֲأ
˵
֮Уɫһλľһ㣬׷ֻǴʱɢһǿҹâЩâҲǽ𿪡
¡¡
һײ𵴿˶ܸܵҪλոһ㡣
飡
ӽģҲܹ˹ԾԵƻ׹ڵ֮ϣΡ
ҲǻΣ˹䣬վԣ˿ѪǲţѵѾ漶ǿߣΪΣΪٶȻô죬ɲԶŻˣ
ѹˣżλǿߣδ⽫Լ̫ǿˣ
˹˵
һܲǾȻôù
˵
ԹˣҲɱǣȻҲֵɱǣ
˹˵
Ҫ뿪
ʵ
ȥǣң˹һٴλصǸʱ򣬽Զѣ
㡭㾹Ȼô˵ãһӲģҷȰ㻹Ǹǻȥ
°䣬һıԣ
ߣ
˵
˷뿪
վһԣ˵漶ǿߣոչֳʵô

˹˵漶ǿǺӵ㲻ʲô㽫Ҳһﵽεģ
֪һ뵽Ҫܹ㣬ҪʵͻʱЩˣ
ҿɲ㳬أ
˹˵Ȼصڵǻͷһڼ飬Ļǲܼǻҵģ
֪˭
ȷ
˹ҡͷ
˻صڵ˹Ҳǿһħֱ˵֪㽫ڻʳϢй¶ǣҲͷ֪ΪʲôҪ
ڵе˶һ𾪣뵽Ⱜ˹һڵȻ˵һ顣
һָԼʦҲĪû뵽ǣħȻͷңҺͷؼʮûͽˣԭΪⱲӶͽܣ˵츳ǱȴǶ˷ܲѣǾԽ̵ǣû뵽֮ʱѾ֪Զݣ㻹Լ
ʱҼǵ˵Ὣ˵ģ
ȷǵҿصĵԽԽǿͷȥعʱҵ뷨ͱˣҾѹͲ㱾ʵ˵ʵ֮ϡ
ħ˵
ħǺο࣬Ҷʦ𣬵ǵ飬ΪҪأ
ҡͷ
ħ˵յһȻʳĵӣأҵĵ춼ȥعȫҷУԣҰʱԥ죬ʹӦˣΪ֪ǱΪҽӼʷġ
˹˵ûа㲻˼һȥعΪҽ֮Ѿȫ۷ˣûбҪᶴˣȻҲ뿴ΪԶŻ˵ٶǶôֲģ
ħ˵֪ˣҲԭ£Զˣʵǿ㽫ɱ˰ɣΨһҳҵʲô
վһԣ֪˵ʲôˣΪû뵽һֱħȻ˹˹ԭȻ
ʣ
𣬰˹ħҲһʱϣԲŻȴµģ
˵
˹˵ûƽϵ˼ֻ֪УһֱûвʦֻԶܲˣҲûк˵̫໰ΪǽңΪѧ֮ȥΪԶλģûʲôøмǵģ
㣬߰ɣ뿪λ棡
˹˵
ûҪ֪˲ڻλ棬λԻʳİ͹ĥ㣬˹ϣһǻصλʱ򣬻һʱʳΪԶǵļң
ţ
˵ͷ뿪ڵ
֮ڵУŲ̾ϢħۿϾȻЩӨ˵϶ҺĵӶûˣ㻹ôңһǲʺյأ
أ
ħֻ΢΢ҡͷһָжԱ
˱Ҳ΢΢һ᣺ϣԺһ·˳磬˵ûԶǵļң
ϵʱڵлʳԱִɽǿͰ˹ѾڿУ˵㣬˹һһҪң
˻ͷɽΪҲ˵˹ǵõʱȥຣʱôʱ˵ҵܸߣڿ±һأ
ˣˣҪȥλ棬ǿ˹ҪЩ߰ģ
˹ҡͷԿһ˿飬аŮ˲֪ǰԶ徭ʲôԸԺ󶼲αװĮˡ


1834 λ
ƿλĽ磬˳ϷɳۣǺӵУܹܵԼСеһڴλ;УҲܹܵвͬʱҲڴλ֮С
Ǻӷÿһһʱ̣Ųڴλ棡
˹˵
Ҳʵڴλʱ⵽Ϯô죿
Ϯģ
ţ
ͷҲǻȻ˵ǺӵлŲҲ֪İأ
λȻǾżλ棬Ų漶ǿߣ˶ҪСģĻвؾҪԶץס
˹˵ɳ˱ҽѵһ٣һΣǾԻɳǿץң
û˵ϸš
쵽ˣ
ɳ˴ĸСʱ˹һ˿ϲҲѾܵλĴڣǺӵй˵ĻӦòѿ˼ͬʱʧǺӵУ֪ȥ

λ档
Ӹľżλ档
ǿƣвȻкܶǺӵеȺ
Զ壬ȵһЩ嶼λϣԶŻȻ٣λȻҲС
ȻˡҪɱԶŻˣλϣˡȴǲжΪһ¶ǵܣԻ䶯Ǻӵġ
ΪλǺӵУǼΪĸ߼λ档
Ҳλ棬ҪռУȴ޷ռеĵط
ΪģΪλȻÿһ춼ڷ֮սĸռλ棬Щ𶼾ԻԿǸ壡
ûĸԲ޴۾ͽλµģЩλ涼԰ȫĺܡ
λ浱һٶֻһСУ
˹˵
Сһ
ʵʲô
ȫֻвʮ˿ڣʮʿУȻҲΪȫԱΧļл֮£û
˹˵
㵹Ǻ
ǰܲ濴λϵϣС£˵еʿÿһаǣǿҲӲη壡
˹˵ԶŻ˺ر㣡
ҡҡͷƺоЩԾ˵ϵ˿е⣬ڱĽֵǵİһûò飡
ȷǲϲ̸ǣ
˹˵ꡣ
ſվŵļ׵ʿǴ󲽳ǵĳìֱӶ׼㣺˭ĸˣû֤ͨĻǲŵģ
ȻдűǣǱΨһһУϸ񣬳վŲһʿһ˵ȣǱѯʡ
߻û˵һߣѾóìͱһˡ
ǱȻѾ𲨶ʿںȵȻļϸǰոշս۵ĻɻأǵΪ
˵˭ǲļϸǵĻǵ³˵һ
ʿӡ
˹ʱ˵λǱĿ䣬㣬ˣ˽˳ǣǵڣ
ʲôϵĿˣ
ǼʿȻЩֵ棬ֺǼٵģǽ֮˵ȺȥϣǴʱʵǻ᳤ì̽ǵĲӣ
ʿܿ죬÷еٶȣĿǼλʿŲ弶λǿߵʵҪ֪ͨͨһʿ弶λǿߵʵȻλܲ򵥡
ûãʿȴŭ⣺ʹʦûµĿˣ˱ȻҪˮļһɱǣ
ìȫ
㿴һ۰˹ƺ˵ΪаգԭҪɻأ
˹ҲǰһۣϽҳȥ
ߣ
Ű˹ĵлǰļʿȫڵأϾҲսʤ˼λǿߵʵЩʿǵסġ
֤ͨǿԽȥ˰ɣ
ſڣһԷ޺ܺ˵¼ʿͨ
ڴʱһӿԷ޶Ӱ߳˽ȥ׷һʿ
ȻӲǣ
ԷǰЩʿ֤ͨûһֱۣӶ˵׷˳ȥ
¶񣬿ԺҲҪֱӴȥĻǻΪǣ
ţҲֻͷ˵˵ѣֲǲ֪еʿжô£һسŵų߼λǿߵʵһ˿ԶԸģ
ҾͿ¶Ǽһﻹأߣ

ʿ׷ᣬǻǸˣǶûйųɹİ
سųҡҡͷһǶϵģǻȥƶȫֻͨҪһץǣȻԴڳ棬֪ǿɲǺ۸ģ
ų
ʿǶܹ
ȵ뿪Ͱ˹ӽҡڵ˳Ҳв˿ǣָָ֮󣬲ûбʿľٶ
˹˵ⱱǸ֮ˣյǻɿģôܻ˵ûأ
©һҪʦЩʿǱ֪ûɿģ
˵
ŶǸʦ˭ҿǲ̫أ
˹˵ߣҸطʱס£ⱱǸҲǸѡ񣡡
ֵԣвپ¥λ涼ס¥ҲҪǮңȻɲǻλƽ֤ԽһУľ¥ֻǮң
ϰ壬һʯԿסϼ꣬»
˹óһɫʯ
λ¥ϰǰһÿʯж˺ܾãдʣöö
ƺЩʧ̬˵ʯģ͹٣Ҫһʲôλ˵Ҫסϼ꣬סһӿҲʯֵǮ
ʶ
˹˵
ϰͷ֮ᣬѸٲ߲ɶõı͹٣õȥҲüǮ
ɣǳէ޷ģ¥ȥǾ͵¥ٷ֮ʮùɷݰɣ˵Σ
ֻҪٷ֮ʮ𣿡
¥ϰƺǸʵˣЩϲ
˹ͷ׼һķ䣡
Ǿ¥ϰٺЦϣὫͬõ㷿ȥ
ҵķأ
Цʵ㲻ҹһҰɣ
ѵ㲻룿
˹һۡ


1835 
¥ֺͨоջϰ˰һҲɾķ䡣
˵ǿʯʲô·һ㶼ۣ
Ǹ˹صģɱ֮·ҵģ֮ᡯҲŻѪļһŻӵˣ
˹˵ǲ֮ƣɴ¥ϰˣ
Ҳ¥Ůϰ壡
Ц
˴ڷ䵱УܿϰһݺͬʵϾ¥İٷ֮ʮĹȨ˹ǩ˸˻ȥ
㶼ôһݺͬ׻᲻зЧӦȻ˲λģԶûа⡣
ĴĽֵû뵽ǣֵѾ˲ʿһȻ˵ġ
վڴϣ˶ЩʿںţǱܽļϸǾǳģ˭ǿĻһɺͼϸһͬã
ǽ֮ϣվŵĽǶϣܹ塣
ЩһĻǲУһӶҪҵˣ
ϵ˳˷ͣԱ࣬ϲǡ
ȻһôҪǱץǸʦҪúýѵһ
˹˵
ЩʿɢȫѲƺͰ˹ץĲݡ
˵Ҫô
취ӽǸľԶ󱧸Ͷ벻鷢
˹˵
Ͷҿɲλģ
ҡҡͷòôס
ǵȻҪλӵǵԶߵʱ׷ɱҲܺһƴĻɳǿߵĻӵĻᶼûУ
ִҲٿԶ֪ǲǺǣ
˵

ʦ
ڱУλԵڱıʦ
һ֮£֮ϣܶӵе飬ԹʣҲмӣǱұۡ
Уͷ׷ʦȴüͷеĻԼվǰɪɪسųӶЩҪˣ˵ʲôԳϿļһﴳǣһɹˣ
ǣʦҵʱҲţȷʵģǻмֱƷڵϣ
ǸʲôԵģǱˮݣսʱпܱʱǽϸ֪
ʦŭǻʦˮ׼ܸܲһ㣬Ӷҵˣ
ʦҲȫֻʦҪǼʿݵĲ̫壬ûʲô飬治ζ
ͰЩˣŻᱻΪΪģҹûнһһǧǰĻһֽϵжģ
ʦ
ȵų뿪֮ʦҴҽ뱱ǵеǱס
ûнȥ˵ʦϷǳγȻļϸ˽˵ȥҪȫǸϻ磡
ţ
ʦͷҽȥ˵
ÿţһӣüչ¶Ӣˣȥһλ֮࣬ǱСܱһλϡ
ʦԽзкο
ܹ죬ԳļĿ䣬ҷ֮ȴӲҾΣ
ǣ
ʵ
ǵģƽʱҿܲǺսʱҲðգ
ʦҡͷ
˵ʦΪҲ˿ļϸЩسʿʵǰӹˣ˴ץ
Ϊôһ˵ѵļϸҪô
ʦɻ
Ӧú޹أĻôĿŵĴԳĿ䣬ҲЩҺȤǣ
ϣڿΣʱ̣Ȱ㻹ǲҪ뷨һ
ʦ˾̫ˣⲻ֪ҪܱЩǲܺһֻҪһǱôߣǣ
Щ
ʦ˵ϵĸҸңҲܿΣյ˽ӽߣ
ˣһʱҸѹңʦﶼãǲðգ
˵ɣѸȫǣ˵ҪļµĿ䣬ֻҪһ֮ԣ
ôУһЩ˵ļϸô죿
ʦҡͷ
ȫ֮ߣ
˵
ʦ˵ǲȫ֮߸֪ҵĻǲӦģϾϵĸҸΪȹǱĽɽģ
ˣмۼǵļһģʱȻϳˣȻЩμļˣһĲǵϸܾܿץļϸ
˵
ʦ۾һ˫գȥ죡
ܿ죬ʦʾȥһʱ֮ǶַǷܶ˶ѡϵĿ䡣
֮Уȴüͷʦ쵱Уһ˱䣬ʵλǿ֮ϣЩ˳ΪǵʿѣһٶʵԲмݣЩ˶˴Σǣʼնǵ䣡
ϣҰ䲼ʾɹץЩ˻϶ǱǿߣǻеӵģΪǲ鲻ǵݣУȻҪʩԮ֣رһﵱɱȻļϸ
ʦ˵ȻûץǵļһǶٶʿҲջˣ
ٶ˲ã
˵
Ϊ˵
ҲãʱǳΪʿ
˵ɵӣü˷ɱпܾǷɾ裬ôϲٶ˵бȻļϸֻǼп֮ǰѾѵļϸ
ʦŵһ亹ϷĲûĻļƣ
ǵļһԽԽǸȤˣȻϵ
˵
ϣкθȤģҲܿļϸأĻ᲻ѡ䣿
ʦ˵
ҡҡͷ
ʱʿ˵ϣ֮⣬λԳǿ
⡭
ʦ˵ؾǣʱ̣Ͽɲʲô˶Ҫģ
ǽУû뵽û뵽ˣ
ϴЦ⡣
ʦЩˣϣΪЦѵʶأ


1836 ǿ

Ͱ˹ûе̫ãʦͱܿˡ
ʦȿڣ˵˾Ǽǰǵļһ벻ǣ
Ǽʿ˵Ҫóì̽ǵĺУǲǵĻѱ
˹˵
ЩʦǲԿ
ʦ˵
˵ıʦ䲼ĸʾҲʲôͼĻѲ侺ѡ
ѵǲ뾺ѡô
˹˵
ţ
ǰһ˹ʵЩˣҡҡͷ󷽳ϣȷ룬ΪĻ˽ᱻҶΪϸɴɱһǧҲŹһˣ
ԣڲ㣬ϣϵ˼
ȷ粻Һ⣬˽ʲô
ʵ
˹㣬˶Ǵλߣ
˹̹˵
λߣѵǾͲҲǣ
˵Ͼҵ֮УȨ
ϻǱᣡ
㿴˽һ˹ҿɲǵǰ
ܱУǲ۲۵С˿ڶʮʮǾʿʮ뱱˿ڣȴںͱĽսвռƣ֤ϵ۲Ųܹģ
˹˵Ҳ⹧άϣȷʵ۲ΰԣ˿ɼ
ͷ㲻ҵб㶼˽ⷱ࣬УǶ˲ţγ²ɣ
ĿһתϣλֵܣΪһֱ˵ѵʲôô
ȴ¶Цݣ˵ЦˣҵĹ۵Ͱ˹һҶ˵ĻҺͬûʲôҪģУʦ㿴ȥƺЩǣѵΪǺйأҪ֪λϻһʱ䣬λѵǵļϸ
ʦôһ˵һ죬ԼЩˣС˵ҲԣĿλѵԼء
˵Ǳǽս֮ʣʦҲʵλǴλߣұԼλǿҪץǣҲὫǽȥ
б仰㹻ˣҺֻҪڱһ죬ͻȫģ
˹˵
Ҳǵͷ
뿪ʦ˵ϣ費Ҫ˸ǣԷһ
һҪˣҺܸоδǱŽżĹϵ
зâ¶һͷݷ˶ʨҪɭֵгˡ

˻ص¥ȻѾΪĿ䣬ȴǲԼǳɣһҲԸ񣬲ϲܵ˰ڲ
˹˵ѾͱսŪˣǱڹԭκγͻ⼸ȴǿ߱СʮıΧҵеλǷұŲϡпһ㣬ҲҪǵԭ򣡡
ʮ뱱Ϊνսôãȴûռˣ
˵
˿ǱʮǾʿȴֻбǵľӺܾûսܸÿ궼ƱսҵľᲢۣ
˹˵ոⱱ̸ʱûа㺦£ɼʮ㣬ʦǸС̫ǿ
š
˹˵ͱսܱߵҲ൱עȻûвҪһֵַͷͷȴʮ㣬䲼ļ䣬Ҳ֪ΪҵļϸĻӣ
ͷһֱڱչأԶڱһЩϣûȥʣǱ䲼ļʵͼȴܹ²ĵĻҲѡ֮ȵļȥͱ档
αץЩļϸضڱȻҲܹܿǽ
˹˵
Ը
ҡҡͷ⻹ڣԱĸǲģ㲻ҪǸˣʵϣʦҪǱϣԼκһ󣡡
ֻǶ̶һĽӴȻô˽⣿˵öԣ˱ץ˼Уϻ׷Źô
˹ʵ
ΪôɵһֱǣҪǰˣ
ǣ
սĵʲô
˵
ȻǵĻ̵
˹˵˼ˣھҪ
ţȷǱĶ֣
˵
˵ţȴǴһ䶯
üû뵽дǿѾ˱⣡
ţǳȥ
˹Ҳ˵
˸ϵŵʱѾʿסûнŴ򿪣赲ųҪȥˣʿ˵ǿߣǳ渽磬޷ģսЩƽòҪ֣Ļ޷ǣ
˹㱻ڳС
ʱȴǿŲʿӭǵȻǲòżıϣϲٳе˶ߺһǣ
ʦҲУָָȺеͰ˹Ҳǳ㣬˹һſ
Щʿɵۣû뵽ȻƽŹۿսǰǴδֹİ
λʿͷ˵ôʱŵҺ񻹱Ǽһˣǲǰ
Ͱ˹ûΧ𾪵ı飬һ´򿪳ţǱű˳ǡ
ǿ߾뱱ǧףߵ˶Է
ǳŴ󿪣ҲǿЩֲû뵽Ÿյûʼ󣬱ǾȲҪӭսˡ
ʦµһλ˵ʿǣһǰŸո޹˱ʤİգûаյĻ˵ˣǻؼҺúֵذɣ
ףǧ֮ⶼ
㿴Щǿ⻰һҧгݣҲǾⱱȹļƣЧ
ܿ죬ϰǿ߷۾״һλŽɫ䵶ƣϸ£ǿ߶ûгֻǾӵеʿ̽Ǳʵˣİλǿ߶ѾˣǾǱʤô
ǿߣһվǳſڵĵС󱲰ˣ
ǾȻ˵ǲҵǳſţߣ
ϰǿ߷
ܹЩǿߵʵλǿ֮ϣʮλ߼λǿߣӵа˼λǿ߾ˣȴûио
ͱһС˼λǿ߶ǿеǿˣ
㰵˵


1837 ָ
ȻλϾżλ棬ڵΧ˵׻Слʿֻλǿߵ弶λǿߵʵɳλǿ֮ϵĸ֣ʵҲȷʵǴֱʡ
Ҫ֪˼λΧЩУǶʵˡ
па㺦µ˼أ˵֪ΪʲôǿǱ⣬ǰô
˳ᢣǿ߶ܽǹ£
˵
Цη壬ˣزĻΪҸվң
η壡
ЩжŰɵɫȻ֣ΰϣܻηκ˵ģңǲҪԹҲܻǣ
˵ĻԼôϸ£˶ʿΪλù£ǱľʵһΪƾǵӮǣ
˵
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ʦǵԽ벽ɱ⣡
˵꣬˫ת뿪Ѿȫס档
ϰǿЩ֪룬Ȼǰ򱱱ǣûԤϵӦô죬һ˵ôһʿĻ
ԭһģڿʿЩùĵ˼
ûô͹򱱱ǣǻǧפʩҪǱƣ
˵Ӱ˸ǿʧΡ
ǿ˵仰ǾͲˣߺߣפھ͹
ܺǱᲢأǱǲϣ

ǿߵ뿪ƺǱԤ֮УĿɨͰ˹˵ʱһûʹǣ׼ΰң
˹˵ǱŵĻʹʼɣ

Щ⣺˼ǰҵס
Ϊ
˵
Ǳˣ˶Ŀ㿴㡣
Ҫ֪Ȼ󣬵һ̣ȴǴ͸ÿһ˵һ㣬Ƕû뵽һǴδļһȻڳĿԡ
˵˭
˶Ҫ˽㡣
˵ģ
һ̿ʼʦǾĸָӣǿ㶼Եȣ
ܼᶨ
ϣɣ
ʦȴҡͷ
پʿҲ˵˭֪ΪҪָǣƾʲô
ľǻҪô
ȵ
˸˵
ȵ뿪֮ʦһʿΧţƺͣʵʦͲ֪ʲô뷨ܴܸɣ¿ǺսɲģвԷĴͻɱӶᣬƲλߵݲ̸ͲϤϣôָܵӵְλ
Ҳ˵㶼֪Ҫ˵ʲôʹϣô
޷Щ飬ʵϣҪҪʲô

˵ռ
˵ֻΧЩŻη山
㿴Щҿɲ֪Ҫôͳ˧ǣ
˹˵
ܿˣʦЩĲ鲻ԸĽָӵӡ½㣬˵㣬㣬Ҷ֪ú˵ʲôˣҲ֪Ϊ㣬Ҹ㣬ЩϽǿûһλģҲûа취Ҫĺûӡ½ϣ
ӹӡ£û˵ؾӪ
ӪУܹٽڳгֹĽ죬ǿĿĮʧأʹڲ㣬ҲûгױֳϾϵ޴ӵֿ
ָӣҪǾԼϣ
ʿ˵
ͷĿƬ̣˵ʿʮˣˣܹվǰͳ˧ĺĽ죬ֻвʮˣʮһΪ¹͵Ľ죬֪ҵĵЩɹܲ˵ʵκһλµĹѫУǲֵһᣡ
˵ʲôµĹѫﲻֵһᣬָӣ⻰˵ģԶĲ˵˵ϸ£ʿֵסĴⱣĹѫʲô
ֹ飬һǰκκǹƥڱɱһ֧Сֶӣ⹦ѫѵ󣿡

Ƕţûа˼
˵µĹѫȫǱҹʱǷصµģǿйȥɱСֶӵʱ򣿡
еĽͷȥˡ
ָӣǱЩһֱҹôоȥǣ
н˵
ΪһֱֻǱأûаη壬˾ǹ±ǣ˼
˵
ָӵ˼ǣҪȥ
ƺЩ
ֻҪһγʹǱ㲻ٶԱצʱŻԱ
˵
һγʹָӣ⻰˵ģ̫˰ɣҪ֪˵ǿ߿ǱĶأңǻż˼λǿߣӦ
н쾯
ڴʱӪ棬ʿ˽ֽ죬κ죬²Ǳһ֧±ǿ߷²ˣ
һˣ
ʮˣ
ʿЩµĿ㣬Ÿ˵ָǸʶļһȻǰˡ
±ǿռˣϰλǿߣ֧Ƿ²ˣԺǵСһ㣬ҪԷץ
ֱ֮ƾʲôǱǽз

˵ʮˣǷ²
ָӣ
㣺ҸողǷɧˣ㲻Ǵȥ¾˰ɣ
һ˾͹ˣ
˵

Щɵָۣӣ˵ʲôһȥ¾ˣ
ǿаǿߣʵҲǸָӣҪʲôʧǶ𣡡
Ȼ㣬ϾǱյĸָӣǲ뿴װ
¾뱱Ƿǧףκ˴ˣ£
ָӣǣ
⣬ող˵ԼҪǹƥȥôҪԼκŶȥ״ʲôⰡ
κҲۺ룬Ϳ뷨
Ǿָӵӡ£ûбҪǽ̫࣬ǵȻ֪
ȵ


1838 һҹ
¡
İǿפȻԭҲڱ¸Щľ񣬵ǿפǶҳˡ
²ʮЩýס϶ɫȻץǲкӹġ
ЩӦδã˽ǴԴҪЮ
ʱǴͻҲûаüֵ
˵ֻҪһǣȽɱҷʿ磡
ֻ֮Ǳ׳ƣµʱǵĹǼƻֻᱻƻ
ǶǱǶƤӾǳ˵ǧ֮⣬˭Һӱ쵼ܡ
쵶ն飬ǵʱұȻǲֻҪǱˣ˵Щʲô
ȵ
ƵǱǣǾԲģҲûл
һŭ˵
˽ôţٺ٣ǿûŰ²ϰߣǵһ
һλǿýȻĶӣûɱ˼ʹǾһˬ
˴ӱڳˣѾҪִ£
˵
ţǳŶǹرյģ͵͵ܳɣ
ҡҡͷ
ܿ죬˵һˣȥȻһ֪Ǹʲôģ
ȻҪ£ǲ֪أ
Ц
㲽ܿ죬һӰֻƬ̹Ѿ£İǿ߶վĲ̫Զǿ㣬ϴЦ⣺СӣǱˣ
Σ
ͦ֪£ȻҹǷ²һ֧Ҳкˣ
һʮˣ
˵
ʮˣǵʮˣ
ҵ˼ˣҪ뿪
˵ʲôҪ뿪Сӣ㲻Ҫңµͼɣ
ǣ
ҡҡͷзâҵͼǻصǱ
С˵ʲô˵ǻص⻰ͦģôǻصǿЦ
Ӷ⣬ҲСˤˣ
ҽֱɱСӣץ²ҾöҪץЩˣ
ǶڳЦ㡣
ǽ˵ȴǶãĮĿڴź˵㣬㾿˭ܵģ߼λǿߣ㲻ӵҵ
İʵһʼֻΪǱڵһСˣ֪㾹Ȼܹסڵ
ʵȻǰ˼λǿߡ
ϰǿߵУһǰ˼λǿߣβη塣
㡭
ǿ߶ЩĪ˵ĻҲ㽫סˡ
ǵҲЩֻţСӣ㵽ʲôˣڵǿǶʶǴδ㣬ǲģ
ҸϢʱ俼ǣٲݹҽȫɱ
˵
Ƕɫѿ£Ҫ֪Ҫ֪ǲŸոձǵģھʹظĻǶһֵ򽫾󶨶ᡣ
Щ˻ڿǣȵǲײĲᣡ
üͷһ壬ǽֱӹ˫¶ֱ֮ϣȻһεεѪϺܿ챻Ⱦһ飬˵ߣǻصס֣ס֣ѪĻҳҪ

ȵ
ǿ߲˵仰㵽£ȫ뿪ڼ಻ӣȴɹֿ־һꡣ
رǽˣ󶼲Խ³ֹˡ
κ뿪һӵʱϵµģǴżʿǵ£˿һȴûа˵Ӱ
һ̲ѪҲ֪˭ġ
׷ʲôˣأ
ʵ
ﱾţ㻹˵ԼǰǶϵȴǲӰ⸱ָӻǲס
ȵǽոշκʱ˵Ͷŵϴ󣬸˵һС
ָӻ˵ˣ±Ǳɳʿأ
⣬û⣬ָأ
ȥˣ˵ǰţ
Ŷã
κȻ𾪵ɫ

һսֻɫսһڱһҹ
б֪ڶһĸָӣ㡣
һսҲõñйЦʦ˵ʦаɣǶԼҵĲˣ
ʦϽ˵ȫʵϵѹϣҪ֪Ҳа˼λǿߵĳûҪǣ㻹ǿô
˵ܾܣӽ쿪ʼǱҪΧĿ࿴ˣ
˵
ˣȻģ¾㣡
ʦˣУһս֮ؽңӾǱǿƣ
˵ҵһλԽǱʿ˲ˣ
ϵ˼ǣڲҪˣ
һĿһһµģ
Ц

ȻΪ˸ָӣһҹ㻹ϲͰ˹ھ¥䵱С
Ƨа˹ľɫ飬Ҳڻбõĵط
Ϊ˹ϰݣ¥ϰ֪ݣҲû˵
˹˵㵹Ǻãѹǰǿߣʵ֪ǵʵ㣬ܳΪеսûжôС
СôԺ󲻵Ĺ
Ц
˹ҡҡͷҪôȥļ룬ҪԸһ
ԸѣѵǱΧЩʱ򣬶Աһˣ
˵
˹Ҳǵͷ˵ûû˶ԸǾôϷֱĿδЩɮ٣ҪڱǿǾԻģ
ţбҪҲУҵʲôҲ
˵
ҵҪ֪ڵʵûгأ
ȿȣ˹С㣬ʩչ𣿡

˹һۣˣһ߳ж˼һŮ˼ƽôô
ʲôʱʼֳһ˵أ
ҡҡͷЦ
˹С΢죬Ͻȥ


1839 
һ֮ټģռǶ޲ڣӱϺжѿûаٵĳɷ֡
ʦһԳŷһֱ˵㻹ᣬҲӵвǿ֮Ļ̼㣬ûа⣬Ҳûмˡ
˵һս֮ѾյѾɱңǿ֮սΧǿ߶Բμǿ֮սֻҪջʤԸƽֽɽ
Һ֮ǣ
Щŭĵһˣ
˵Ҫɱ㣬Ҫǿչ
ǿ֮սǺ˼ô
㵭Ц
ʦ˵ϣҲΧеĴˣǿ֮սսʵǾˣǿ߶ǰ
ţƽɽһ㣬ǿ߶Ϊƴһ֮ԸǿߣѾסˣ
˵㣬ǿ֮սкο
ѾռһˣϢʿȻһԻ񣬵ʼղҽ£˵Ѿˣٰǿ֮ս˵׻մ֣ΪĴѾˣ
˵ȻҪմ֣ôҵǿǿ֮սϣڼ
ţ
۾һ˵ʲôҪȥ
ѵҵİΣ
˵ʵҶģȴȥðգȻ󣬵㵥ǹƥǰȥĻ
˵
˵ûΣյĻûսҪΧԸͻʵ֣
ã
ȵ㣬˵úã̫ˣ׼ʲôʱ̣
ﲻԶɣ
㵭˵
ǿ֮սʼӣҺۿ̨ʤʱϵθУЩ̼
Цʮ㡣
ʦ֪˷ʲô˵úСȥμǿ֮սһӮһѵ֪βǿ֮սĿΧǿߣǿɲǳصģ
뿪ھһЩϹĿһ飬ܿͻص¥
˹Ψһ֪뷨ˣ˵ȥμǿ֮սֻΪʵսԼʵˣ
˳Ҳ֪Ҫɱ˭
˵ʵ̫СҪĹҪ·ңȥҲܹܵΧЩеǿʵΣһٶã
㵽ʱ﷭ǱҪԸ޷ʵˣ
˹˵
ҵǾԺĵУֻһˣ
Ц
㣬δ̫ˣҰ˹СɶԼû㣬ЩԶҲԸң
Ըˣϣһ֮ò̫ʧ
㿴Щİ˹Ǵһ˿ϷʰЦ⣬ð˹Ҫץ

ա

һսʹϢ׼ƽ۴£黹֪ġ
ͱǲͬΧЩбȽϴģһǳأΧ˵ӵǳأѾǺܲˡ
ǣ뱱ǳء
棬˼壬һ˵УǰǳرһȺа֮ռ죬ƽ಻ԣΪһаŮЩа֮ɱŮ˷ȥЩΪ˸лǽǳΪǡ
ǿ֮սڰоУΪⳡǿ֮սʤԺƽ˲Χеǿߡ
Ȼ˵߲ӦעǮƣǵһ߳ڴһƿ״£׷Լ˼룬һ˼붼⣬ʵǾ졣
㿴ȥǱ츳ڶ⣬Ǳ˲֪ôõ츳ҲκиԼ˼뷨ǹˣûħȻٰٱ
ҲַǷⳡǿ֮սȫĿҲĽУȥЩ֣һ˫۾гһڽֵԿŸɫŮˣһãǾŮԣϰǿ߹򱱱ǣԭҲǻǰģΪǰһڴʵ̫ˣµڶԵ֪֮սʱҲʹ޲ѣԼҪǰĻĽ
ⳡǿ֮սʵҾľߡ
ǿ֮սһϰǿǰҪ󣬲Ҫκιֻ׼ʵıʽҲʹв˽ǡ
һ˵ǿҪ˻ǻã˻ã治֪Ǻأ
ǿߣ߾ֻ֮Ҫλǿʤߣܺƽֽɽҽĳǳأһֹ
ĿЩŮȵϾǿ֮սսӣȵϵʱҪŮڴŪöУ컹Ҫע㡣
ϣ
һ׷ߴӳǰǵγͷضǿ֮սǰ׼ĲЩ̨ýӡģǿǿҲ޷ƻҲǽսƽۿˣ
ţϣҲƽǵһܵôλǿ߽Ѿɳ㹻ֱˣ
ǳ˵ϣλǴ˵аĵӣʵǿǿ֮սҲ˫գ
ţû뵽ôҵ˰ĵӣλˣǰûΪЧҲǣǴⳡǿ֮սʼҪһҪˣҿֻԸеǵĽɽ
˵
Ǳ֮Ϊ˫յλ΢΢ͷģǼȻɽͲԸգУЩνǿ߶ˣ
ãҾͿôɱЩģ
Ц
һǿ֮սĸǿջʤһͬʡ
ʵϣȴڰðǵĳѰǿߣ˵һֻԸɽ
ܿ죬̨վ˲μǿ֮սǿߣһߣҲվΧ۵ƽǶͼ֣ϾôʿǲԼˡ
ǿ֮սһѰǿߵıÿһλμӱǿߣܳΪϷתΪЧҪ֪ΧЩУǸĵĺܣǿ֮սյʤߵõĽҲǺƽֽɽҪ֪ڻڷչеձؽԣλʤߣ˵պõĳǳرڵҪ࣡
һһֱ̨˵δ˾Щ¡
ڿʼвǿߣһһıԼԼȷһ
˵


1840 ǿ֮ս

񣬶

һһǿ߱ǶΧǿߡ
ȻǵҲһһĿƺǿ֮սʤڱصá
ҲаЩֶΣ
׳
裬
İˣҲǱЦݣǱȻǿ֮սʤߡ
һ
㣬
ʱ̨ȫˡ
Ŀࣺô£㣬ǲǵǹƥ»ǵǸ
ˣǱ
ǳ˵
Ȼһμǿ֮սѵ֪Ϊѡǿ߶Ըô
ŭ˽ץסҪóĺ
ϲߣʵ㵽Ͷ֣Ȼ
ǳ˵
˵˼ǣ
ǿ֮սѾ˵ĸǿ߶ܲμӣμӣΥ򣡡
ǰҿɲ֪ױ˻μǿ֮ս
ԣ㣬ҲϵĻʱúͱԮҪ֪ûбĿѹģ
ͷ
ǳ˵Ȼμǿ֮սԣֻҪǵ̨ϻ˵ɱʱһսɵӰͿȫˣ
ȷ
˵ұŭͷԣλ˰׳Ͱ趼̨ϣ˾ܻɱ㣬ʱ֪һսˣ
˵ļǣ
˵֮ʣ̨Ѿʼ˼ս
̨󣬷Ϊĸÿһжܽһԡ
һһٶΪʮ飬ÿһ鶼˻бԣӮһ˻һֱԡ
ȻһٶĿǿߣڣÿһڵƽĿⶼǲͣķϣΪǾǾµģϣľǿ߻㡣
ʧĺܣĵһԵĶ־һˣпŭ𣬺޲̽ɱΪһսĳ裡
ʵһεģֻ߼λǿߣûзѶǽܡ
ǿߵʱ̨Щһ̾
һһԵĽš
豭еĲˮҲǺȵĸɸɾЩţΪѾʤѾǰǿ֮սʮǿѡֵС
ǳ˵ϣ㲻ҪļôҲ»˰ǿߵļһʮǿǲ˵ǰǿ߶ô
Ǳ裬ǣɱˣ
ƺ
»ǿߵ㣬֣ȻߣҸұ֤һҰ׳̨Ͻķصأ
׳վǰƺһҪӸµƣʵҪ߳ͷԾŽż⣬Ҳֻƽۿ㡣
㿴һֲмζ׳ôסˣϣ˼λǿ߿Ըһѹ
ʲôҸѹ㣬ĵǴӺζãֻҪһԾһ֪ҵҿɲ»˵ЩǰĴˣ
׳˵
ʲôԳô
ҡҡͷʵھϣһλ˵еŮаǵŽĵλ
һԣҺ֮У
׳ȵ
ǳ˵ȻǱǵˣ˵ǿ֮սֹ磬ԾǱǵǿȻṫƽԴȻ׳ȻҪôֻҪͬĻ֮ԲسǩֱӶԾ
û
ˬ
׳һۣƺ˵СӣȻôԹˣ
ǳͷ˿Աˣ
̨µĹҲһ˷ܵģΪѾ˵׳ǰĵӣʲôŮĵôܶԸһˣ
һʱ֮䣬ԭǿɥʧĵǣеϣͶע˰׳ϣǶϣ׳ܹ㣬棬ȻҲЩƽǿġ
׳˵СӣľģΪҺ̨ܿϳ̫ؽɱʱڱһҹĴͻһЦΪ˳Ц
׳һ仰ôеĹҧˣʵһûзҪұԣֻȡ裡
˵

׳һһɳ۳渽żǿ׳Уǧ鶯׳趯ķϮ
ЩķǾģǰ׳ΪһУ򽣹ڡ
ǰ˱Եʱûнһм㣬Լǿ㡣
С
ʩչķʧڿУЩ޷ҵӰڰ׳һ޴ʱ򣬵һش̻
Щش̶Ȱ׳ʩչЩͣ׳ӴЩش̣㱻ą̊́
龪һ
һ̣һȭֱӽ֮ǰЩҵİ׳ɳ̨
ɱ
ʵѹ
˭ûԤϵ׳ܡ
˱֮ǰ˶޿ð׳
ϾǰĴˡ
׳ʦְ迴һĻ΢΢ҡͷ׳Ըʵ̫ˣЦĲ㣬ԼʵѾԽ˼λǿھˣ׳òԩŰɣ㣬ҽֵʱҲ׳еģһᱬȫʵ̨ķڷǿӦ飡
׳̨Ѫϲ԰ףȻû뵽һ˲֮ͱܣԤ뵽Լӵ޾ǡʵһ޴Цһ۵ûУڿ˿ΧЩƽһʱ֮䣬׳ȻҪҸضȥĳ嶯
ǳЩ̾ϣûԤʵ׳ȻˣڰʵȰ׳ǿϲ٣ҰԸأܹԴΣģض̨棡
üͷһֱţ˥˼һǿ֮սޱõģ̨Ǹսʤȴ˲ŲԶ赭дЦݣЩ㣺㡭ȷܻô
ܣһܣ
ǳ˵
ããܻܾͺã㣡
ȭͷյ


1841 һ뽭ɽ
ûģǰǳûģΪ԰ûĵĻȻߵǿ߻ȫûֲϢĪΪʤߣһʵĶ⣬Ҳµġ
ðɻֽܶҲָ˲ġ
ԭʣµʮˣֻʣ°ˣһǿ߾Ȼܾˣûܽ
ǰǿ֮һҲ˵ӵһˣΪڳǿߣһ֪ǰЩ£ɹʲô飬˶źͰ׳һ̬㣬
ǿһս
㿴һǰˣһ˼һͷжϡųϿӿݣò˫һĮɱ
ͷϵһ״ȥѡֵζ
㣬ܰ׳ɵƯҲô׶ԸģǱҲԶһҵĳӽͻرģ
֮⣬˵̨ϵΨһʤ߾
ûˣܾôʵһԹŷ֪Լݣ̨ҲǲԸ˵
㲻ҲΪηЦĵгһڹ⣬Щڹ⵱оȻӿֳһֻֻɫ档
һٿǧӵĹңҲǸеĸ֣һֲٿسӵΪҲǼߡ
㿴óʵ˼λǿ߳ھ磬ӵвٿسӵı£Ҳ˰˼λھǿߣҲ϶١
Ƕ˵ȴûожսԡ
ʲô·ʵΣܻܲ㣿
Щš
ǳ˵ǿߣҪΪյʤߺɽģʵӦڰ˼λǿ֮ϣԸ㣬Ӧò̫󣡡
ãĻұȥɱ
һҪڶûȥǵ׻˭ΪʤˣΪڿֻҪΪʤ߾ͺˡ
ʱҲǳ֣еҲ˷һ㣬Ц㣬൱ں˼λǿսҿη
ʮ㣬ҲҵĶ֣
һȭƴֱӻûбƴȭٽӴʩչȭʱܹĸܵһɿֲӿ
֪ûֵסҲǳΪλǰ׾ͽ׳Сӵȭȷ˸о޽⡣
䣡
ɳȥһȭȴûù䣺ȭұȲ㣬гǻ˺ڵ㣬ֱۣ
Ц
ұ̯澹Ȼһƣһڹ⣬Ȼвӿֳ
ܾ𣿸ոѾ֪ƴȭĶ֣ں㽻ֵʱѾֱֲ˳ѣѵл᲻ϵӿֳӣڸ£ڵǷڱǲʳ
˵
Ҳ΢΢üû뵽ȻֱֲѣЩȷϲʳ
ȻҪȫʳ꣬Ȼٽء
һĻҲǴĵ׸ˣеãһҪʳɾһǿ׳Ůˣܽܣ
̸ʲô뵽Ůˣٹõ㣬Ů˶硣
ǣ֮һĻȴĿˡ
ϾȻûаη֮ɫֱϵĳӾȻһֻֻĶ˳ȥ
ǴյЦ⣬ЩӾȻŹȥ
ôܣ㾹Ȼָܹҵĳӣ
ŭĿ벻ס
ЩӾȻȫָӣȻϲʳ
ͻıʹ˶ЩеƽΪضԻ㣬£ǶЩˣ˭ӵİǸôڱԼĳҧأ
ٲ⿪ֱϵĳѣʳĳӽԽԽ࣬ʱݽߣ˵̨ϣ
˵
ҽ⣬ҽ⣡
ΣұϵĳѽԼϵĳӲŶʧΣʼղΪܹٿĳӣ㾿ΪοԷٿҵĳӣ
ߣ֪ô
˵
ǣҺ֪
Ҳ㣡
ҡͷǣ뱱
Σ㣬ң
ǣ
Ц
ĲҪѪȷ򲻹㣬Ҳûа취
ǿ֮սǿУҲ˶ɵۣǶҪʤһ֣׻
ѾŭˣЩνǿŮ˶磬һǶӮˣʲôǿߣ
ʵ̫ŭˣÿ˶
ϴһ˿Цݣ˵ĿⶼԼϣȻ
ҲʹýԾȱ㣬Ϊйڶ뿴˻㣬˿ԲˣһҪ㡣
˵Ը
ɹ֣ܶʵҲǿУ˼λ۷弶ǿߣ˵Уֻܹһս
ĿҲһֱ㣬ĮܹܵŨҵɱ⣬ǰ׳ĸ磬׳ҪһսɱԼȻȣȴǺܵһ뷨
㿴˽еȥȻ
ϣ
蹧
ţ裬ĶȻ㣬յľսп֮ĶԾֻϣܻɱ
˵
ͷϺѹϣǰ˼λ۷ǿߣҪ㲻ѣҪɱķĻҲĲμǿ֮ս
ֻҪɱ
˵
ǣΪˣұض֮𣡡
˵
ĵͷ
ǳһֱҿΪʵЩոչһսΪʤ˭֪ȻûƢڰֵŵģҲǾջᱻܡ
̨ϵԾͰ趼սʤԶ֣Ҷʤ̨֮棬Ҳֻվ档
һʱ֮䣬̨˶Щ糱ӿΪһսҲᡣ
ĻǱܰ裬ΪΧЩеЦ
ʤߵһսս˫һԾӮǿ߰裬Լ㣡
Ŀһֱע㣬ϵû̫ɫ˵㣬ǺˣʵǿҵӺܴ󣬵Ҳμǿ֮սѵ治̨ô
ĿģΪ˳Ϊһ뽭ɽˣʲô
˵


1842 
С˵ʲôȻ˵ҪĽɽˣҪɱ̣
ŭˣԱŭʹѾʼ侲ˣҪǰǳһֹҪɱ㡣
ϣʵǿܻ㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ϊ˳Ц
ӮˣҶ֪ҪţңҵĽɽôܺͱ˹ⲻǸΪЦôҲУҲУ֪ǿ֮սоͺˣ
ˣΪһ㣬ȫ̵ļƻմմϲļƻ
ֻҪ㣬еĹǶʧ϶԰ģһԻģϾǰĺˣ
ǳ˵
ͷ֮ƣѵһ취ô
̨֮ϣĿаҲһѺͰ׳һڰóҪƵĶ࣬ΪʵԵʡ
Ҳ֪Լǿ֮սǿĶ֣ȻŲмı飬ðǲˬУһ𲽣Ȼ㡣
һȥ⽣ǿңûд⣬һƫܿǵ
飡
Ҫ̨еĽ磬ɼһߡ
˵㣬ҿɲʦܣҵĽڰڶһָɣ
Ǿ㿴ҵĵ
Ȼγ
ѪһһУҫյŵĹâҪǿ֡
ǡ
ЩԥǿѪ񵶣
Ѫ񵶣
̨¶ˣȻʶʲôѪ񵶣Ҳ˵ԶŻǿߡ١Ѫ񵶡
Ҫ֪١λҲǸǹƥżλ棬ȺĤݡ
㻹еʶɣĽɣ
˵
ͷкˮ˵˽սսֵĻѾ
콣
ȵ
ȫעаģ˽һΪһһ㣬ֱӳ
ҲսѪ񵶣ʩչȻŰȥ
䣡
޴Ҳа㱣Ϊǰ˼λ۷弶ǿߣѾֵܹܶеļˣҶԷǱһɱԼ̬аʧĻֻ·һ
̨ϵĽ綼ˣ
ǿ˵
˵ʵ̫ǿˣɢȺĻ˶Σգ
˵
̨ϵĽ类˺飬ǴʱѾһȹ̵Ľ磬ӵбǿ̫Ļ²µĽ粻ܻ˵ˡ
迴ϰ˺۶ûУҲǺȵ㣬ҵİ콣޷Ըôⲻܣ
ʵȷЩ˵ǿģҲܸвǺܿϧȻҵĶ֣
ҡҡͷЦ˵ʦһǸŮ֪᲻㱨𣡡
㣬ҽǱȻܽɱģ
ȵ
һ趯һλ·һ㣬㵭˵һ˾ȻѧôĽлӮô

䣡
ڣҵȻн籣˻Ľ͵ʵ̫ˡ
ߵӶҵţȫǺˮǳѾ˶ɫΪһɵսȴû뵽˶Ծ˽š
˵ʵĲ֪ǰˣ͡
飡
һ޴˶̨ϵѾһӰɳȥ
ˣ
ǳǵһʱ̿ɳȥǰ裬ʶĿһѾ׷ŭվǰĲ豭ˤ˳ȥ쳹ˣץס㣬Сӵ
̨һƬĻǫ̈̄ϳȥȴգۼǰЩӳԱһ죬
ЩҶô
Ц
ҲһʱȻСӶѾǿ֮սʤˣҲǿĴڡ
ǳȵ㣬ʲôɱô
ߺߣǿ֮սµıԣѾΪʤߣֻûԼĶôɱѹңǿɲҵĵߣ
ȵ
ɫȻһ䣬µҪҪ֪ɲǿߣͱŮڿˣǶֱָӽ˻վô
ǳû˵Ͼ˵ľһɱֵģ֪ν͡
ǳһֱҲ﷢飬ǰ̨¿ţνͲǺأҪ֪ҲϸոԼһʱĻ־档
˵㣬һսһûкˣǿ֮սΪʤߣҽԼĽɽָĹˣÿ𣿡
ƶģɴδ˵˲μӱԣ
˵ѵҪǰʧˣ
̨ҡͷ̾ϢȻû뵽ᷢչһˣովµỊָ̇ɳôһƵȻ˶ɥʧġ
飬¹شҿһ
˵
û˵
ͰǳɫһƬȵãǳ˵㣬ǲ㹲ɽǰǣΪˣ
̨µһȻ˼ȻҪΪˣǿʵ¸ĽɽĻҲԽԽǿ
Ǹõİ취
ϣӦΪʵη㣬һսǿ֮սٲȻҲΪеս
ˣĹػǶ࣬ǳذˣȻҵĹҪģԶܿҪԶˣ
˵
˵ʲôСӣҸ㽭ɽѵ㻹ҪΪЧô
ܻ̫ʶ̧ˣҪʵ̫ǿĻľð֮ҲҪɱ
ܱǸҪҸıĻ͸ҵĻҲҪ
ҡҡͷ
ðɣС˵˻ôȻ˵ҽҪ찡ǵ׿˭
˶û뵽㾹ȻڳԣЩǿȻʧɫǾǱӦǿԴվ̨֮ϵġ
ܶûû뵽仯֮󣬰ڣȻȿСڣ󣡡
һ鶯תŮһ㣬Ҳ΢΢һٻӰ˵Ů˵˺ܴĺøеĻٿŮ˵ò˶Ƭ̵ʧˡ


1843 ׼
ɣʳƺҵܺʵݴʲǰŮʵ㶼޾׵ˣȻĻ䵱У˵ʶŮ࣬Ϊɫɫ̫ŮˣǰŮ˵ʸסˡ
Ů˸ڰ֮УϴŵЦݣ˲һֱŮĴڣǹϣ
ո˵Ŀ֮Ȼ㣬ȴûаҪͶԷ粵˼ΪŮӷְɣ
Ͱ׳ǿ־壬һۣҪߣŮ֮ɢâӰ㶯ˡ
ʦ
׳˵
ʦʦţھȻҵŵҡײƭҪյҶ֪ǻأ
ʦ
׳Ͱʦǲǰ棿
úҪ֪ûǣ˵˰аŮ£滹ʵڵģҾԼǰ
ʦȻǳʦţлǽΪʦģǲμǿ֮սҲҪΪЧģʦ
˵
λǰ棿
һ۰ǳֵʱĶû뵽ϾȻŮӣһʱ֮両棬ǳ˵ϣӦþǰ棬û뵽Ȼ֣ˣӦû㣬㲻صģ
ãã
¶Цݡ
ȻѾҰͽܣҰ֣Υأ
ЩȴȻˣ˶֪ΥҰ׼ҹص³
ʦΪ˱ЧŽʦţҡײƭˣ֪ʦ𣡡
˵
ǳҲ˵С㣬˵ȷԸǿߵİ֣Ǳǿʵ̫ԶԸͿˣԣˣ
С㣬ҲˣǰЩһս㣬Ҳǰ֮ˣǿߣҾٰǿ֮սΪ˶Կ㣬Ρ
Ҳڡ
ԣ˵ҵ֪Щ֮ܲ죬û뵽˾ȻԵ㣬Ҳǿߣ˵Ҳܲμǿ֮ս֮һ㿴Σ
ʵǿԶԶ㣬ǲȣҲһ
ȥЩʳ˼̻С椲ȤЦ˵㲻ϲŮ˽֣ǲμǿ֮սӮǣ
Ͱǳ϶Ц⣬Ƕ㿴Ǻ°ˣһĻðٽˣȻֻһ·ˣ˵ˣ㻹ǻصǱȥɣ
汾ͲڳдɱɱǶԷǱˣҲûа޵˼﴿Ϊ֪˰׳Ͱμǿ֮ս޷̵ġ
С㣬ɲܷСӣǱˣ
˵
ҡͷǿ֮ս˭µģ
ң
ôûӦ˭ջʤ
ǡ㣡
ҧ
Ϊˣ㽫ʤóĽɽסĺôѵҪĸϾɱô
˵
ǡ
˵ȥǿǳ˵С˵ǣǿ֮սǹƽ֮սã˲׼ס㣬뿪
ʼ磬һ۰棬Ҳ˵ҪлңȻ˵㣬ǻûԽ磬ĻҽԳ֣
ţ棬ϣ´μʱܳվһߣ
ϴЦݡ
еǰЦûҪл˼Ҳ֪ԷΪʲôֻҪ֮ʱ࿴Ůˣ
Ϣĺܿ죬صʱڰдɱķĴ˵ʹñ˳ˣ⼸һֱھ¥ûȥüΣ˹סˣҲҴ㣬ûмѰ㡣
˹Ҳһֱû뿪¥ȵ˹˵ǽ״̬һǺھ¥˵췢飬Ȼʳ̶Ȼ˵ģ
˵Щʲôأ
ʵ
ѡ֣ȴҺһŮ˶Ծ
˹˵
ɣŮǰ棬ʵǿǿһˣ
˵
㱾ͶĽɽȤҲǶĵΧжѾõ飡
˹˵
ͷԸҲܵͱһĴԮ
˹˵˵ǰƯ䣬ǷΪԭ򣿡
ţܹô
ʣ
ŶҲûҪ˵˲ô
˵Ͳ˵
˹ҡҡͷ
ʵ죬ʲôѵ
޹أ
˹Щ˸ȥЩ
ûһؾӪˣ
Ҳְ˹飬Ҳʼ磬ת뿪
˹뿪ҲдʣһȻΪԷƯԲģ϶ģϧЩ춼ڰط޷ʱȥǰǺε


Ȼ˵ĳ֣ʹЩҪ߽ɽͳһԶŵĴ©Щ
⽻ǲ죬ʹ߶˼һ㣬һθܵǿҵĹ¶С
ǿ֮ս֮ҲҪȥһۣҲǱԾܾǳΨһֻܹа档
⼸ɳѰҰ棬ȴûа䡣
ϣ㲻ҪļǴ˵еȻڰУͱضܹҵиģ֮ˣ
ǳ˵
Ҿǵİ治ϰæȥ׼ҵϣˣ
һ񣬾׳Ͱ趼˵׼ҵȥֻ˵ǴС׼Ժհˣ֮Ϊ鱻ʦţ
׼ңʲô·
üͷ
׼ʲô·ҾõҪ׼ҿϲϰǲҪģ
ǷϻУǿ֮ս׳ͰǸҴ˰Ʊģأ
⡭
ǳһû뵽˵¶Ϊˡ
ʲôԮѵһᴦô
Ҳûа취ǳΨһĸʱٴȻĵλΣУ͵ҪλϢǳҲΨһܹȹסλˡ
лԭ£ҽؽЧ
ǳոձġ
һʿǽ˵ϣλԳǰ׼ҵǰ
׼ˣ棿
Ͼϲ룡


1844 
˲ǰ棬һȥЩ׳˶ӣ˵ʵ˵һۣͲ˵ȥˣϾΪİ׼ǰġ
ʲôˣΪԳư׼ˣ
ǳ˵
ҵȷǰ׼ˣһǵϵһֱҪҵİҵã
ĸ磿
Щ˼ˣǰ׼ҵʲô״ΪأǶ޷鱨
׼ұλϵΪϵļ֮һΪһЩԭ˥ǵҺͰһ׼ˣڰлܹаǶѾһٶǰˣ
ǲ鲻ǰ׼ҵϣΪйǰ׼ҵ鱨ȫǻˣλϵĻǶ˵ȻΪصģ
˭ΪҪǣ
ǳ˵
ǰ𣬵Ҳ쵱ڰ׼ҵһ֮У˰棬ӴݵλʼѹһͷʵܹǸŮˣҪ׼ңΪ
𣿡
ǳȣ֮һľɱ¾Ⱦ˵ѪΪ°Ƭɽİ󽫣
ҲȻ
˵֪Ѱ׼ҵ䣬ҲΧЩеĵλʵΪΣԣҰҪǣһ֣
׽ңİ߽ɽģ
˵
Ҳ֪Ҫư£֪ϲŮǰŮеļƷֻҪ㽫ľӽҰպĺ󹬵УһаĴλ
Ц
ﶼ˸Ű׵ˣ˵׽ң¿ɵã


û֮ǰͬڵıһƬϲأԭΪһ޵еս㡣
ڱ˲෹ֵľº̨ϵİԵˣǾ豱ģ㣬󱱱Ͳܻᱻ۸
ڱ񻯵ԼҲЩΣھӪУǰǲҪʿԼ˰ȷأҪȻҪϲʱ䡣
ȻھӪʱ٣ÿȥʱ򣬶ָӵһЩʿǷǳҲܸм㣬Щ̹˶Ҫͷʦ
ʱĺܿ죬ʱֹȥˣ㱻
ϵɫЩ٣˵㣬˵˽鱨
û
ҡͷ
ģռˣ
˵
ռˣ
ȻЩȣ̫ܣҪǿʢ٣ĹǶ֣
㣬ԭҲţڳһǿߣа𣬱ǳ֮Ϊս񣡡
𣿡
ԭλ֮һľĴ󽫣֪֮ΪھȻ֣̫ˣ
˵ⶫǱһ֮ģ
ʦҲУ˵ǰ׼ҵˣǰĸ磡
ĸ磿
˵ΪǴ˵еû뵽׼ҿȥͦصģǰȻһ֮ʵټǰ棬׼ǿƣλϵǿ壡
׼ҵܣǶֻ˵׼ҵǿ
˵
ʦ˵㣬սԸǰаգ
û
ҡͷǿ̫࣬ұΪģȴû뵽ֳ˸𣡡
޷Ȼǿ󣬵ֻһˣǱôĥѣûӦǿߣǲô׻ܵģ
˵
׼ҵ䣬Բ̽ɣ
˵
Ҫ׼ңô飿
ȥ
ǡգ
аգ
ͷ
ص¥ڷ䵱п˹ĶͷˮͷðỤ̋沿ŤĵãС椲ͷ߻ħ˰ɣ
һͺ߻ħǴκμߡ
׭Ϲڰ˹ȫ£㿴˹ͫоȻһӰӣܣ˵
˹˵屬ǿֱӽײȵ˹
ʱİ˹ȫѾɫͫҲɫϹһ˿ЦƺѾȫɥʧң
˹߻ħҸ޷㣡
ա
ǰİ˹ȴǻһһ㣺
޷ס˹Ȼûɱ㣬ǽ֮ɳ¥׷˳ȥǰ˹ٶʵ̫ˣû׷
ڱĽֵͣͶ£㣬˹ȻΪЩͣŻᵼԼزסħ߻ħģԶ߻ħȥеĻҪֲ˹ɥʧʶһӵаĻǣڿ֪Ⱜ˹
Խҵ˹ԽΣգ
ĺܣܴ¸ܵ˹ǳķȥģԭҪȥѰ׼ҵϣڿ飬Ҫҵ˹
ӰܿڽֵʧʹЩıƽǶм𣬸ոǿ϶ٻսȥˣŻƾʧģ̫˧ˣս񣡡


ĳ֣ɢҪռȴǶǱֿ֮ãǰøոո
Ҳн˵˳µһλãȻѾ˰ǳĴڡ
׽ǿϮ˾ȣ𺳣ǣҲףȱҪǿ٣Ϊ㲻ֱռ˱
ʵ
˵Ĵ󷽣ֻнǣǲţֻһȺں֮ڣǲҪ̫ʱ䣡
׽ǰں֮ڣڣǸʵǿĿõģ
㵱վǰǹɰЩ
ϲصǣֻǰ˼λ۷ǿߣʵл㲻ʲôУҲŲϺţֻǣЩСУǶʵ
˵
׽ϣռǱ֪úʱӦǶ֣
ʵ
˵ʵ˵ԭûнûκԮУǼȻҪȽôҴӦ㣬һĿǱ
ãð
ȫȻҲǲҹֽȥû뵽ͦԼ˼ģⱱôãҲʱֳʤˡ
ʱһʿȴڰǳ˵ǳҲȣϣ׽ǳˣһȫɫġ֡еȫɱҪҳ䣡


1845 
ȫɫġ֡ҪҰ棿ʲô
һͷˮߺˡ
󵨣ּȻɱҳ˭Ҫץɱ
˵
ǳҲǵͷϣͻسɳ֣
ǵʱ򣬳ȫˣ֪ǰ˹ɱǣľҵ˹ĻǲŹġ
һǳأͲ֪˹ĿʲôУ׷ٵ˹
Ϊ˹ĽŲûͣ
ѾֻҪץסɫֱ֣Ӹɱۣ
Ѿִʿǵõɱ˹
Щʿ㵹ǲǻ˹鷳¼İȴ㵣ġ
̶ܹʱʵûɣǰ˹ܻм鷳
㿴ֵľͷǳ˼ǱУдʿȫȥˣжûмǵʵҪȥ練ơ
ʱǳҲǴӳ˽ȥɫǣнеļʿͷһ仰ԱǽԼӣųɫֵʲô֪տűǿһƽʱרϣ̬Ȼɫɣŭ˼£ϸһۣǰǵ̨Ͽ㣬ŵЩ飬г˵㶼Ѿʿȥˣ㸮ϵļô
㣬
㿴һŵöͷ֪ڳУ͸ɴ಻ˣ̫ˣǿ߶ȥˣȻĽ˼صıУ˵ƣǳһĵĹţ㸸ԣֻһܳΪϣȻ㸸׺ܴûеϣڵңԸ⸨űûбȺ
㵽˵ʲô
ǳЩ
ǰںͱսеģԭʱûɳǿԮԣ޶գ
˵˶Ҫǰǳȴǽһеĳ޶תƵϣҺ벻ͨѵΪô
˵Щʲô˼ˣҸҲǱĽʿɱģ
ԭأ֪
㽫Źϣ˵ΣѵдҲа취鷳ô
ǰûУˣ
Σʵֿܵ
ֻҪУ黢Ѿ֪һ𽫾ȵܰԽԽ飬³㸸һ
˵
ɫһ䣬Ȼ˵ĻôȻ˵飬룬׵һԼûüֵˣضὫԼ
ڿǣѾ£ǱĹЩ𣬸ο죬ûзͶ·
ҲҪھ͸Ҵ𰸣ܰҵıңĻھͲҪκοǣ
ҴӦ㣡
˵
ôǵҵǡɫһʱ֪ͨң
˵
˵Ұģ
ȱ𼱣ԺȻõĵطȻбҪѹһ°ҲǶã
˵
Ƶͷ˵ûԽҵôҲԽСͷĻͻɱҵģ
뿪Ҳһ˴ϣϰڷŵĸ׵૵ףһֱֻԱֶҶԸڡԸܹұ𣡡

У˲ʿ
һЩ뵲ס˹ˣȻ˹ҲһɫӰһ㣬ͨǿ߸׷ٵ
û֪˹ҪʲôǽңɫĿֲ֮óеһЩƽŷɥ
ӦҹзĽֵϣаӰһɫӰڽֵϷ۵糸һЩʿҲǰ׷
ݣ
һӰҲŲ˸ɢ׹⣬ЦȻǸŮˣǸãһֻҪǸŪȥƸ꣬Ů˵׻ʲô뷨أĥ½ץסٿҲ
ǰ𣬰дңҲЩסȻԳ֣ץð˹
׷ϰ˹Ĳһվڰ˹ǰֵף˵˵Ұ棿
˹ɫݵб֣ǾѵòȴðΪ֮һ⾹ȻǸòܹͰһƴŮˣ
Ұʲô
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪ
˹˵
ţ
öԷڿЦȻ֪㲻˵ԭȴǾ䣡
ôɣ
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ԷĿ⵱ɱ⣬ҲǺȵһŮ֮ȴɱңδ̫С˰ɣ
˹û𣬾ͺԷ䣬עҪһ
ҲǸоһǿɱԼһ̣˹һȭ
ӴĿֲͫ׷Ŵ󣬻ȫͷųȥȴȻ˹ɳȥ
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޴ʹֵţһξҵĵ
ŵЩ£Ǿżλǿߣʵ㻹Ҫǿ٣ĻҲܼһ֮
Ҫ֪λ汾һżλ棬żλǿѾǶΪˣǰȻ˹һлܡ
ǿȫ˹ݻ٣Щ־Ŀ˹Žҵ˵Ҹ䣬㲻ɱң
˵
˹
˵ãǶһϼ׼ңѾӰ׼ҷˣֻҪҪҵ棬Ȼа취ֻʵ̰ҵ棡
˹û˵˫ɫȻİЩ¡
һصһʱס£ڰ棬һҵģҷģ
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ã
û뵽˹Ӧô죬ҲǴӵ΢΢ؿڣȻʹĺܣû뵽ԼΪżλǿ߶˵ôأ֪Էжǿ
ֵһ࣬ÿͰ˹ӰѸ뿪ЩĪǿӦþǰ𣬵ǰ˹Ϊλһ뿪ǰˣҲضǰ˹Ϊ̫ˣ
벻ף˹ԼʶܻʶģȻΪҪͰһ뿪
ѵ˹߻ħ־壬ƭߣ
룬Ȼ̫ȷ֤һ㣬Ǿǰ˹ڵʵȰǿĶ֤࣬˹ʱǰȫģֻ˹־壬ֵᱻá


1846 
С
Щ֪룬֮ǰڰɱ¾ϵɫ־ԼǰҲܹشĪˣֲŮħͷǰҪʲô
˹òȴ˲ٺøУֱһλɫľ顣
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ʵ
˹
ϣҪѰ棬Ҳҵãǰڲʱ
˵ʵǿҽҪְ
˵ʱ򣬰ǳҲǽȻҲ˵ɫħ
˹ҪЧô
ʵ
ܻܰʵΧЩҲҵһԵЩ
˹Į˵ʲôʱȥҰ棡
ֻ֪һˣҲƭ㣬ٻصұضһʱ㣡
˵ûɣ
ֻҪҰ棬޹أ
˹ҡͷ
аŮ˿־ˣʲôֻҪҵ棬ѵ׼ҵȻʲôÿԼãƾΪԼضʵ֡
Ҳ֪˹ô£ֲ׵ﰬ˹ֻܿϣа취˵˹Ϊ黹ʱˣס°ɣ㱣֤һаϢ͸㣡
˹û˵
𽫰˹ߣһͷˮƣ㿴׵ʲôô
ûҶ֪Ϊʲô׽ҪŮ˴Ҫ֪ڰɱ˲ʿܻܿв㣡
˵Ȼɰ
ҡҡͷ׽ŮˣûаǾܽģҵǺģеʿֱ磬ʵʿ
һ뵽ĻҲ֪߶˰Ѿûж֮ˣ֮ͻὫԼ
ϣ˵ʵ׽Ȼһ˵ĹͣҵԺṦ߸в

ȵǶˣ˭֪Уǵҷϣұ㽫
ҲΪƺû𵽵жǿҪǰĹ߸ܴŹ֡
˵ϼȻηҲ޻˵Ըû֮İɣ
û˵ʵĺܣߺЩĻţоʱпҡ
ƻصÿ㣬˵ֵܣȻҴӦ㣬ҲĿŵҸгְҪǱ߿ıԴͲˣ
ʲô㸮еЩǾǽ۾ѩҲܷҵģ
˵ȥӦЩϢɣ
ƵͷҵɫŮҲڵУҪŮ˼ľŮЩ־壬ûдӦסУ
Ϣô
ֻ֪Ů˽а˹ҰģҰҲԴΪģ
棿
Щ죬˹϶ʶҰ棿
һҵˣұһ
ѹְ˹ûɱһ
ǰǰĸ磬׼ҵжǿҲ̫
˵ֵܣⰬ˹ʲôϵΪҪ
㲻ùܣһæ
˵
ܣɭϣҴȥνͣ
һ뽫Լư
˵㲻صģװʿȻܻȥֻҪ鶼ҪˣұץˣҲϵ
⡭
㻹пǵȨô
ʼ磬ƣҪҺһϵˣһԼô
ţһὫ
˵

ա
ƴżӽҲǼڶصĹؿûаĻʵǿӲȥģҲԻᱩ¶ԼݣԣҪƴԼȥ
αװƵӣܿ˼ؿƶͷðˮȻν·̺ڹһؿʱ򣬼ǹĳƵͷ˵ƽʱһӶģΪζ˼ˣ
ʲôʱƴӶҪһʾˣ԰ڣǺθɣ
ƺȵ
Ǽһû뵽ƻᷢôĻҲΪƣȻʱ򣬰ȴǺͼλ˹
㵹ϳ𣬵ûаţȻվڼ֮С
˵ô£
ƹ򶨵׽⼸ǺôӣȻң
һۣΪβ㣿ûǴĻеֻҪп˵ȣһɶסΪϻô
ǰߵĺˣɵȴð֮ԱǣҵȻҪһ
ߵģҡҡͷҲֻ˵˵ˣȻǿ˵ȣУҪǵãߵǰ˹СסҲ˹СжôֲˣҪҪΪԼСĻǲҪȥǱߣ
һ˽ȥ
㿴ԶҲѺƷֿŶߵӽȥ
˵İ˹סضģΪѾ֪סŰ˹ҲûҪȥƭƣ˵ҲҴط˹ŭʱ򣬰𶼲֪οס˹
ⶫߵӣҲûпһӰӣӦȫ𳷵ˣ˹ʵȰҪǿ̫࣬ð˹Ҫʲô˱˵ӵĻ͸ûбҪˣΪ϶Ⱜ˹ֻҪûа䣬Ʊز뿪
ӣ
㿴ǰӣȥȴǡǡһˡ
洫һ˵ҲҪκ˵ıֻҪҾˣ
ǰ˹㲻
ӵȥߵſڵʱһǿŷѸ٣ĻҪش
Уɫһİ˹˵ȵȣѵǵô˹
˭ô֪ҵ֣
˹üʱܶ֡
㿴Ű˹־ɫҲǶ϶Ⱜ˹û棬˵ǰ氡㲻һֱô
棿ǰ棿
˹ûвţͳãҪɱ㣡
Ȼ־壬ҰΪɱ˰ģ
ӵû뵽Ⱜ˹߻ħˣҪɱһԼɵˣ̫˼˰ɣ
ȱסԼ
Ͻ˵ȿȣҲǰ棬һŮˣ㿴ңкᣬС
˿ԼȫȻ˵֮ˣҿɲǰ棬㲻Ҫ


1847 
˹붯֣ôһ˵ʱһ㶣Ȼٿ˿㣬룬ǰǸŮ˰ǰˣüˣƭңҲӦ
ʲô㰡ұˣ֪ΪʲôҪɱ𣿡
Ƿ˰˹߻ħʧˣڻҪĪɱһɵˡ
˹ҡҡͷͲ֪ΪʲôҪɱ棬ôһͷ֪˵޹أƭң͵
ʲô޹ذŮˣ¾ҵ£
Ͻ˵ɲӵĶ֣סԷźá
Ůˣ
˹š
ȻҪȻһôԶ㣬ҪðűɱΣգ
ҡҡͷŮɱûôǿˣѹᱻƭǺƭ
ʲô֤ô
˹˵ʵǲ㿴ʲôǲˡ
Ȼȴ˹ûжټ䣬˵㻹ǵ֮ôڻλѧģ㽫Źܿ۷壬ˮɽлɱһֻǿޣ
֮
˹룬˫ְڳһƣϳһ٣̾ͱæ˵֮ȵȣҵʵƷô
Ŷֻʾһѣ
˹ǿأһŹ֤ʲô
뵽Լɲ˵ˣӷҪһһԼϣӴһԼСѱ
˵мʵЩݣҲΨ֤ҵŮˣ
Ҫ˵˵ߣ
˹úܣȴǾǿ
ұпɫ̥ǣ
˵
˹ţûκӡ󣬿˿ܣϿһ澵ӣתȥ룬ӻ֪Ůܲװ
Ƭ̣˹·ãŭô֪¶
ΪˣҵŮˣʲô̥ǣѵҲ֪ô
˵
˹룬ˣԼһŮԼôûһӡ󰡣ô£
˹ڳɣ˵Ů˶ˣǶʧ͸
㼱ʲôһ밡
˹˵˵䣺ˣʲô
㣡
˹ҡҡͷ벻ʶ㣬ô£Ϊʲôҵôˣ
̫֮߻ħˣɥʧ˴󲿷ֵļ䣬ҲΪʲôҪҰ棡
ԣҪҰ棬Ҫɱ
˹˵˭ǲŮˣҵĿֻһǾɱ˰棡
ȥƵ˰˹Ҫɱϣҡҡͷڰ˹ĴϣΪҵô
˵ãһϢͻҵģ
˹˵
Ҫȵͷ԰ףǲģĻôأ
㲻ҪûɵƲˣٰڻа㲻Ϊ
㻹
ʵ
ҲҲ뻳
˹˵㣬˵ŮˣûӡҲ뻳㣬ҪڳŮˣҰ첻
ֻҪҰ棬԰ɣ

ֻҪҵȥﶼν
ǵģҵΨһĿģҲԺнļ䣡
Ұңߣ
˵
֪
ʱ֪ٱиɵϢҪã
ǰǱҪϢô죿
˹˵
ȴȥҰ棬ǰ䣬ʱȥͳˣ
ҪǸƭңߣˣҲŹ㣡
룬û˵ҪɱԼѾԼ˵ݰŰˡ
ܿǴŰ˹߳䣬ټУʵҪӳȥ˷Ǻѵġ
ȻǴŰ˹ҡڵĴ߳ȥģЩȻʶ㣬ǡɫħȴڰ˹ǰûУ׷׶ǹͷаӡ
ȵ뿪ǲЩҵ˵ǿɫħֲ̫ˣͺɱһÿƯûÿŮˣ
ɫħǸ˭ûпأѵɫħˣ
ޣСǺˣ

˹أȥˣ
ҹУŭ𣬵Ǽ컹ɫħǿ־壬°ɱǡ
ǵȷǲȥи㣬˵Ů˺һ뿪ˣǲ

ȵⰬ˹λǿĸ֣ҷ˶󾢲ŽƭУЩͰȻĿ뿪ȵȣһˣǸ˳ʲôģ
иµŵӣЩݣһ˫䣬һôô㣡
㣿ϣȷ
ʶ㣬Ȼ֮ǰѾ˵˵ȴǲֵһᣬϾǾżλǿλϵĶǿߣûҪȥһ˼λ۷ǿߵʵ
ͷ϶
Ͳðˣ㵹Ǵ˹رĻǸ޷ǣ
˵˿ϹŵǼ⼸׳գ˶סˣҲӦõһʱ֪ͨңڣ˶֪ȥȥǣ
ҲǼ˵Ҫհ׽˵Ժͱ⣿
ϲصģǰ˹־壬Ŀǰ棬ֻҪһ㣬в
˵Ҫȥ콫ҵ
ڰУ˹һöǿޱȵӣǰʵ֣£ҪȥҰ˹䡣
Ĵǳܰ䲼Ѱ˹䣬ԭܹʶѰҵ˹ģǲΪʲô˹ƺһֵţϢڸסˣ˹ɫħʵֻҪ¶˿ġ
µҲǰЧʼ죬ϢֻǷȥ˲ʱомʿ˾ɫ٣׽ڰпɫħ
ãҹȥҵҪ㵽жͣȻܰﰬ˹Ϣ׷ٵҲ̫ˣôõʱ侹ȻڰУΪĲȥô
Ц
Ǽʿڵľ¥߰𣬺ҲǼɶûаɡ
ִסľ¥ϰĽڵķŸ߰𣬰յ˷ſڣȴǿˣ洫һ죺𽫾ˣɣ
ǰ˹ģΪǸûĻӦ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ뵽ԼѵͰ˹ǹеģ㵽ʲôĿģͰ˹֮ʲôϵ


1848 Ȱ׼
˽ȥ䵱У˹㶼ϣ˹ɫȻЩ־ӣû뵽ȥʱ򣬰˹㾹Ȼһ˵Ц
㣿
ʵ
ţҲǶл𽫾չ˰˹ˣ
˵
ʲôչ˰˹ʲôϵ
澪ȡ
ʵ˹ŮˣҺУ߻ħȻͷһЩĪ飬ߣ
˵
˹ûз񶨣ЩŰɣʵ˹ʲôǲˣλ㣬ˣ
Ҳ֪
˹ҡͷҪҰ棬Щ鷳飡
ʲôʱŮϵ鷳ˡ
˵Ҳ˵ô䣬ұȻ֪Ŀ죡
ӦȥҰ棬ҾһֱȷʵףԲžģ
У
˵;ն񣬶ˣҲˣҪƭ㣬ҪĻηĵ£
㿴һֿı飬̾һԱȻ޴ڣһݼɲԼ
׽ʲô˼㲻ŵĻҿԴȥﲻ֤һԣ
㣬Ҳ㣬˵Ļ̫ˣ˹Ϊ֪ǿٱѡһ𣡡
յĿһۣͰ˹ǰһΣ־壬ұؽƻֿ
˹ȴ˵ܲȲҪֻҵ棬Ҷȥ˽⣬ҵļָģаҪһô
ǵģ˹ڵ״̬ҺܲģֻУҲźѰҰ䣡
㲻ңѵǰ㰵ңϲң
˹ʵ
˵һ㶣ǻݣ˹ˣҲ㣬ΪĽ죬ƹȫıУҵȻαİȫ״̬ȷʵãָҪ뿪Ҿ
뿪

ΪʲôҪ뿪
㲻Ҫرô
û˵ֻ
˹ҡͷ
һ㣬㲻ʲôһѵҪð˹ȥﱱŵģҪ֪԰˹ǿܹʹһʱѸš
˵ҪһֱѰҰ棿
ţ
˹ͷ
һ㣬ЩţǱĸָӣһֱͲ±Ը㣿
ͲͰ׽ˣûĻ׽ǲҪҺͰ˹Ϣ
۾
һ˿ɱ⣬ǰ˹Ȼ֣ǰ˹ʵʵûа취ֵҲ˵λʲôĵطԾұؽ֮꣡
ҲЩζ뿪¥
Ͳ֪浽ںηˣǲ׼ҵĽ죬ҪԸȻҪ˽׼ҡ
˵ھԻرѡȥΪ׼ҵҪġ

ǵһɽ
žѻɽϷ裬żͣҽϼɽΧ̣ɽ޶ѵÿһֻ
ȻһȴǴɽðɽϿȥȻɽϵкɽһ̽ߵɽϾͻҴɽ
ΪɽɽϣǺǣɭֲ
ɽ֮ʵǬһɽȣ󣬵һɽ֮󣬲ִܵһɽȣǹȣ
һ޴֪ɡ
ɽȵУһԴһ㣬˻ȻʣݵϺ׷֣ɴ︴գ͹ɽȻ෴
ɽȵвˣǺͨ࿴ȥ࣬һЩͯЩۣͯȴһѰľ졣
кվһŮߣŭĿӣľԳ֣һк˵Сѩҵģ㲻̫
˭ӮˣСѩ˭ģ
һֺСӲá
Ů˵һҪĻҪ͹ù˵ˣ
Сѩ㲻ܳǣ
кһùãһ˶ֱˡ
ŮһЦ֪¹ùˣҪǴˣҿ϶ģ
Ҫǲֳʤǻһֱģ
ù˵ˣǶСŲŮ˽أ
ǹùҲ˵ˣǹȵŮˣԶֻܰһˣҲֻһ˵ģ
Ǹֺк˵
˭֪Ժʲôģأҿɲ֪һϲ˭ѽ
Ůҡҡͷ
԰ھʤҪӮˣԺҲܱʲôӵģ㶼ҵģ
У̫ԵˣҲϲҪ߹ù
Ůˡ
кŷ̬ԣǱ˴˿һۣȻľ׼οŮ
ʱһת鶯𣺡˭۸СѩСС
ɽ֮еĻһϳ˵ǵʱ̨ͻȻֹİ棬ò绨ʾףɽ֮Уһ֡¡йĹСŮʣ˵ʤһΪŮһ
濴ӣ΢ЦһЦǷ֪жҪЦԵֻǾðЦݺ׺ƽʱõģҲϲ档
ùãһ۸أ
ѩ˵
ССæҡͷûУûУѩ㲻Ҫ˵۸㰡ùÿϲģ
Ƥ鲽û
ʵ
˶ͷ˵
ʾһҿ
˵
ѩһ͵Ц͵鲽ǹеϵȲ¹ɹģ
ȻʾĹ鲽ֻŵıԵҲ˵ùã鲽ѧ޶ۡ
޶ۣСҼǵѾľˣСʱɵؽ˵츳ǹһеٮٮߣ
ָһһľת۾͵УЩŭѩƺҲ˹ùõĲãŵЩΡ
˵ǿ֪ǹȰ׼Ϊλᵽ
֪ǰ׼ҵλһ壬֮Χǰ׼ҵʱ˲پ֮һ겻񣬴Ӵ˹֮㣬λ֪Ȱ׼ҵģ΢΢
С˵
СҲǵͷǰ׼Ȼһεͳڣ֮һλĴٴ˲ʱλҲʶǹȰ׼ǿʢȥĻض⵽ļޣѡһɣӴֻصĴλ֮ϣ

ҡͷ
ùãôܻأ
С
ľݡһľ֮ϣλǲǴλϣֻǵԸǰ׼ҵǼ̫󣬾ǰ׼ָ֮ҲǶ֣ԼǶףĿ躹ޣѩޣ


1849 м
ѩޣ
ΪǴǣ
˶Щˡ
˵Ϊ̫СҲӦ֪ˣ
ùã˵а취ð׼λô֪ǵĴڣ
ͷȻǹȰ׼ҵʵѾǿˣѾʼλո¶ͷˣ
ùãǴˣǲӦ˷Լ츳һ̰棬ҾԼǿ֮ǰ̸Ů˽飡
С˵
ֿı飬õİ涼ЦţǲżأŮ˽飿
ѩʵùãûĸأװôһأ
ҡҡͷëɲ͸ʵģҪ˵أǹȵŮһֻܰһˣԣôȥأǰˣǸǺã
裬Сģڰͬ
ʱ߳һΣ˵ٻһȥˣǼú֮ٿǣ
ȵһܵУͨ˾ǻԵɺϵȣҲԲܵ
ִͨܵһʯݣʯݿ߶˰أ磬ֱһ㴣

һλ˵
ͷϣٻضҪ̸
λߵͷϴΪ׳Ͱ飬ȥһ˰ǣΣ
׳Ͱ壬Ҫǿ֮սлʤõôû뵽ǣһȴǻǣ
˵ҵĳֵ˷ʤߵţ
ͽ
ҡҡͷӦǰ˼λ۷徳磬Ǳ˵ĻСӻʵף
ȷڵܹ죬ҿǳʵҲûпֲżλǿߵĵزɣ
˵
˼;żһĲ࣬Ȼһţ⣡
˵ǰ׼躹޵ʱѾˣЩиֱҺͼλ϶Ѿˣ׼ʱð׼ؼ
ţ
Щȡ
ʯݵУи˵ϣǰ׼Ҹ飬ǲ̫ףҪ֪ǼǿľҪóȻǻǼȺ

зŭҪնݳģȻǱЩ϶ƻ󣬵´ˣ
ϵ˼ǣ
ʵ
θҪ˵ǱĶǣ

źߣôΪ׼ˣѵѪԶûУ
һ˵ܣ츳ҲǲҲоżλǿߵʵȻᷢȵ
ҡͷңֻǾáЩ̫ͻˣϾʵֲ̫ˣ
˵еһҪԸ򵥣ƾһЩСһԺǣǣǹȰ׼ңŲ꣬ǱؽǣվλĶ⴦
߿һ۰棺Ŀأ
ǰ׼ңھǻȥǶܻȥ
˵ͬⳤǵĽ飡
˵棬Ҫǲһǰ׼Ҫ죡
ûܣ׼һСʱţȻٺһϸ£
Ͽĸ
ʵһ飬˵˽죬ͳ˧
𣿡
ҡͷǸͽϾ磬СҰľͺܴ֮;ǰ׼ңʵıˣ
Ĭ
˵Ҳһб԰棬Ͱ̣ӰǳΧתתĸʺǸ
ǣ
뿪ʯң˵棬㱾Ӧ֪ʵ֪Ϊ޳ɳϵ뷨Ҿǰ׼Ҵڲ֮صģ
ǰ׼ҵĻѾǧˣܣ벻ףȻҪǻصȥ㣬еһǶĶǵģֻãô
˵лǰսһСǿռǾ³Ϊλһ壬ⱾӦþǵҫ
˵Ҿôڹûʲôõģܡܡ
һ

˵ȻһԴһ̫СˣվӦĵطҺ㲻ͬһֱǰ׼ܹ˶֪ĵط
ðɣ棬ұ˵ˣԼڱˣҲӦģ
ܵͷ
ͰڵڶʹӹȳģһڰУеʿѾ㱨ϾѰҰ棬Ϊ˹ԭ򣬰Ƕ԰⡣
ûڰǵ˼ھҪ뿪ǵʱ򣬰ļȴǳ˵Ҫȥ飬ϣ
ҡҡͷΪϴεĴлɲأûзϣǻҪ·ټ
⡭
Ǽ»ŸʱӰȴǳֻ֣ϴŵЦݣ˵Ͱܣû뵽ЩͷȻǷųˣа棬ϵĺ룬㶼ҪܾǲЩ˵ȥ
ûлش
˵ͽȻ֣Ҫ£ȥʲô
ͽ
ȻһЦ곤ǾΪ˽ɽ㽫ϵĵطٴȥǲŽ׳գͽʲϲ棬ôڼ綼˵ˣ
ܱǸҪѣҶҪһĸأ
˵
ߣ棬ڻǲǹеİ㶼ӦҵģڰܣȥҲӣǰ棬һ
˵
˵𣬰ȻãҲǿ
ǵļ£ݲ֣
˵
ҡͷĿеǸ磬ѾˣҺûаϵڻΪʵԽǿдȥĻòҪǰ
Ȼ˵ң棬뿪⼸꣬ʵܴҵҪֽֽˣ
˵
˵棬ѵͽ
Һ֮飡
ҡͷ
ʱе˶ԶΧϷͰҪԾȻ顣
㣬ҪȥҰ氡
߾ͶˣҿǼģ
Ͳ֪
ǰ棡
˲۾оЩĪǰԶΧ۵ķǰ氡


1850 һ־
ԭǴŰ˹תƵģ˵ʵĲ֪ôȥҰ棬ǰ׼ҵϣ˵ǰǵĳƶڰ׼Ҷһ֪û뵽ǣȻڴϿ˰棡
ҿͰģҪһ
Щˡ
˹ʵ˭ǰ棿
Ⱜ˹ҪɱģҡҡͷҿˣΪأ߰ɣ
˹Ҳû룬Ȼʱ򣬰ȴ˳棬ãԶܺ㶯ֵģεˣΪβңһص
ǰ棿
˹ɱ⡣
ѾоˣȻ˹˳ȥʸһ㣬޷赲
ʲôˣ
ܺȵ
ͰҲǿ˹ĿȻǰ档
ɻֵ°˹һƣ˹ȵǰ棿
ţҪɱң
ʵ
ҵĿľɱ㣡
ס֣
˵
ĳ֣ҲðĪƳ׻ң˶ôһ¡
ЩȻ֪˹ҪҰ棬û뵽Ϊɱ档
֮˸Ӵ򲻵ߣѵжԹɣ
Ǹᣡ
˵
᣿
۾ĺܴôȣһΪ˹ʵʵ̫ǿոһƣȫܵ˹ûʩչȫĻܲܽסǸ⣬һĳ֣йһ֮Եƻһĺ£ʱȴǳ˵Ǹᣬð벻̫ס
˹Ǹһӣ˵ȥ˹沢ĳˣ֪ΪʲôҪɱô
֪
˹ʵ
飬ҾǻҸط˵ɣЩݵģ
˵ãǳڸ
˶ͬ⣬ϾҪ˵ʲô
ڰеЩֵļһǲˣȵߺʲôΪһϷģСӾȻҪȥǱƽʱѹʹҪһ¶У
治Ƕ͹Ƕˣ

ƻЩֻ֪ܳҪҸƧĵطҲǰѻøǣ˸ǶһϵȵĲˮȻ뿪ˡ
Щ֪Խ෴ԽãԲ֪ǵҪ̸ʲô
㣬٣˵λ˹СҪɱҵԭˣ
˵
ΪƺҲѾܵ˹Щ־塣
˵˹ҵŮˣҺԭλһ£˵ִλ棬ȴǷһԼ飡
ʲô飿
Ǽ˶Ǻĺܡ
˵ҵľˣ
ˣ
۾
ţϴż㣬ò𺳣ҲǷԼЩϲˣ鱻˹֪ˣΪ̫УҲǼģ߻ħֻǵҪɱˣ
ҡҡͷЩп
ԼȻܹôʵϣɣģȻЩǣǿƭˣӦⲻѡ
εվԭأ̫˽㣬Ȼ֪Է˵Ǽ٣Щ̫ˣƺгֵʵ̫˵㡣
˹˵Ϊżģ߻ħģΪϲ棿
˹鱾Ҳ˵ģֵزȥˣˣ˾ӦΪԼΪҶԲ㣡
˵
˹ЦԼΪʲôҪɱأԭΪˣҲӦɱӦɱ㣬ΪֻĴܲϲŻô౯ŮˣӦģ
˹˵ʵҲǳǰŮˣϾϵ̥Ƕ˵óȻֻżȻһڷвСĿģڵİ˹֪
㿴Ű˹ҲǹȻ飬ӦóеΣҲӱܣ˹ɱңܽͷ֮޵ĻɱҰɣҾԲ㿪ģ
ٲȻ˹²֣ȻѾ־壬ٻǸŮˣĹȻϣȥ˺㡣
Ҳû뵽⾹Ȼһ־磬ȥԼеϵΪϾո˵ģԼɫƺʵࡣ
żһ棬ϲң̫ס
ǰµĶ塣
˹ûоɱ㣬ʧԤһŭԺҲ㣡
ûа취Ȼ뵽ͷȥ˹Ͱ֮ìܣѾ
˹ͷϣȻûѡߣ뿪˳
ôˣֵܣôˣ
Ƽһ˳Ҳǰʵ
ҡҡͷտڲ
ˣҲ½ҪðΨһĿľΪ˹Ҫס˹˵飬Ȼ˹ǲҰ鷳ģûüֵҲǲȥδ
˹ûдӦص˵Լڰǣʱ뷨ƺ䡣
Ͱ뿪˵棬û뵽˻٣ۿˣ
û˵
ܼ˵Сӵǻҳϣ治֪˵ʲô
ƺı飬ǰȴǶûжȤţ뿪ǰɣ
ûб飬ʹȫûаøУðܺ˷ܡ
Ȼߵ·ϣȴǿӲԶ߹ϴŵЦݣڰȴǶޱȣһʲôѵ棿
λ
˵
ʲô飿ǿûȤЩѪʷ
˵
ҡͷǰ׼λĪ⣬ҲȻǲҪ̽Ǽܵģϣһæ
˵
˹־壬߻ħ״̬Ҳ֪νǰ׼ҼȻλĴ壬Ȼǿа취⿪߻ħ״̬
˵
ȷУΪҪ㣿
Į
ҲЦˣֵǰôߣ
ұͣȻΪ˾Ȱ˹ôҲ˵ˣҽڳ˵ǷѾ˹ɱ˵ˣ
˵
ƨ˼ǰ治ǰ˹Ķ֣
̫ܲ˽ֻƾоΪʵ൱治ǰ˹һ˵ȻЩꡣ
ȴ˵˼ǽ˵ȫǲҺͰ˹֮䷢˵˵ģȫǼٻ
ͷȻأΪҺֻһ֮Եұϲô
ﰵһ⻰ʲô˼ѵҾûһ۾ϲϵĿ


1851 
κһŮո˵Ǿ仰Щܲ˵ģʹǰֳ׵ŮˣҪ֪Ů˱Щĵģ֮ǰȷΪΪĽŲһеĺȴ׿ڷ֮ǰ˵Ļðܲˡ
٣㵽˵ľ棬ľǼ٣
ðɣҸոЩûбҵ˼˵ֻոǸ취Ͱ˹֮
˵
˹߻ħܿʲôϵ
ѣ˵սѣ
˵ֻİҪΣҲֻ˵ģ
ͷ˵˭֪˵Ǽ٣Уǰ׼Ҳװ˵ģ㻹ʡİɣ
׼λôãȻҲ̫ԭ򣬵֪׹ʼǲ׼һֱȥģ
˵
˵ţ֪ʲô뷨
ǳأ֮ԻᱻȡǣǺͰ׹ֱӹϵôǰ׹Ѿеˣ׼ұӦñ¶λ֮ϣ
˵
ǰаħҲǷаħˣȻܹҵ뷨Ұ׼ˣʱһѧϰϾˣҶɱڵĳ嶯ˣ
Į
ֻϧ׹ﲻɱļһϴ̨ϲѾô
ûк¡
ܺȵ棬Ҫɱֱǣʡ£
ƣʾܲҪ˵ѵʵǿûв´Ļʵ漶ģҶԿ̽ľ磬ҪǻָĻֻеļλˣ
һ˿źԭΪ׼ƴ󣬰ʵǿа취ð˹ǻָȴû뵽Ȼûа취ڰеĳϣҲϾͰ׼Һ޹ϸ𣬰еĳƾʲôȰ˹ء
˵ôˣʧˣгϲѣ
ͷ
˵гϺܺ˵ȷ˵ĶԣɣѺܿɱңȻҵȷΪʲôޣҲ־壡
ţ涼ûм벻ʲôޣ
˵
ȴ˵棬ǻΪʱ䣿
ҡͷܣ֪еı
˵ֻΧԮǿɲǵҪûǱ
˽⣬бֿܵסôЩûҲ˵Ĳܣ
˵㣬ǱˣĿأ
ǰ׼׼λϸˣ
Щȣ˵ѡѡЩС

ǲ֮ѡŻ磬ʧ
㣬ܴǣߣȥͱһĻгҲض취ѵģ
˵
Ȼ˵ûвࡣ
ǰﱱ⽻һΣһǼһصļ塣
û⣡
ͷӦ
Ȼ̫Ըһ𣬵ǰ˵ˣҲûκΰ취
Ǿ뱱ǲԶûѶʱ䣬˱ǽ뱱ǡ
еЩ㣬ЦӭͲȥ㵽Ǵ˭У˵û뵽ⱱͦѹ˵µǹƥܰǿߣԲ٣
ҡҡͷҪĻͲˣȥɣ
濴еһĨįҲ뵽һΪѲϧϣȣƷǲҪΪĻҲӦӦô죬Ͼǰ׼ҿɲǴƻء
УʦڣˬЦ㣬Ҹոջںʦ˵ʲôʱû뵽˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
ЦǷĵģûа
һԵʦ˵λǣ
ܵλǰ׼ҵˣ
湧ϣ
ѣұѣﲻ棬񣡡
˵
Ҳǵͷ֪Ƿǰ׼ţ
λϵĹϼ壬ֻϧҳʱͬǰ׼˽ⲻҲܾϲ㾹ȻǴ
Ц
˵ǰ׼λϵĵһ壬֮⵽еļȺһ겻񣬲Щǰ׼һֱڻ躹ޣĿľǶɽ𣡡
ɫЩ׼ҼȻҪɽΪλѡ񵽱Ǳɲ
峤ѾĲٺκϵֻһСԿ
˵
ԣǱǸ˵
˵
۲ΰԣĵɽһܹλϳɾһҵټǰ׼ҵİԿҲ£
˵
ıӦϾǶ˫õ飬ȻȴǿüұȻǾǰ׼ҷ֣ҵܣȴǾԲĵģοǱţ˵ʵһ죬һʵͼ
ʲô㲻ǰ׼Ұǣ
Ȼ
㵹ǿ⣬Ͼ˲ͬǰ׼Ҽ뱱Ȼֻʽϵϰˣ˭ҲĵƿǣǱвŸɵˡ
ҡҡͷ׼ҵĺ⣬ˣֻǱʺǰ׼ҷ֣
˵ϵѡֻȻϣܹһ£Ϊ漰ǰ׼ҵĹͬ棡
ţһٿǿǵģ
ͷ㣬°ɣЩˣҪȥϢˣ
ʦͱһ뿪
˵ʲô˼Ȼܾǰ׼ҵķ֣˵ȥ˶ŰɣΪǱǿô
ܣ˸־˶ϲǿߣ
˵
Щźûʲôˣ
٣Ҽʶһλǵϣ
˵
ʦͱ·ϣɻ󣺡ϣôܾ׼ҵİҪ֪ǰ׼ҿλΪϵļ壬ǰǱ¿ɳɣ
µľǲУʦ׼ǽ뱱ڵλûô
˵
⣬ǲܵǿƣ
Ϊ׼̫ǿԶԿκһļˣǶʱţҲκεУ
˵Ҳȥ¼ɰ׼ңǹ߸룬һôԸɴ಻ǵĺ⣡
ӢģƺЩˣ
ʦ˵
ʵϣǱи㣬δȥģļֵ׼ҲҪǿ̫࣬ȻûмֵˣҲֵý
˵
ǰ̫ϲСӣЩﱱЩ飬ԽԽΪˣȷʵһܿɹţ
ţǱĸ
ͷޡ


1852
Ͱڱд죬쵱УҲǽǶˣҲ˱ǵһЩ顣
㲢û˵䣬ʱ䣬ڱչصжɹġ
Ȼǲܰ׼ҵĺ⣬ȻΪʱñı⣬Ѿûأǰ׼һὫԺȨ
㣬ұ֤Ͼǳǲʸ顣
ʱ򣬰ͰܱҪ뿪ˣҲǵͷҲҪذҰ˹Ͼ˹Ǵ߻ħ־״̬Ҫػ
Ȼ׼ȥ뿪˵һʾòʱ򣬱ȴüͷʦһ˵ָӣ²ǰսӣǿߣѾռˣһĿȻǱǣ
ģ
ЩԾ
뱱ǲ̫ԶҲͷʶȥܹ̽Ӧܶˣûһ˿ʣȻǴ˰̵顣
Ե޹ʷһսģ
ʶҲѾӦ֮ϵǿߵУȻа˹ϢȻܵĹƻð˹򱱱
⣡
ɫЩѿ
ƺµһЩ飬˵һǰû뵽ֻǶ̶죬ҪҰĲС
ͷ˵ǿߵУһλɫħɱ飬ûĵ֣û뵽һ𻹲Ȼǿˣ
ʱ̣û׼ȣǿһɫѿ㣺㣬ǿ߾ҪϮкο
Ӱ˹ˣǱȫǿߣ޷סǣ
ҡҡͷû뵽ǰôɣȻһ߻ħŮˣ
˵Ѿǹˣ
߰ɣȳǣ
˵
Ҳǵͷʦǿ߶ټǱһս
ȻҪ߱ͽ޹飬ǲñȱġ
ǸϵʱѾԿյڵ۵糸ĳ߷
Щ˵Уһ۾Ϳ˰Ͱ˹ȵǰͣʱ򣬰ǴЦ㣬û뵽ż첻ȻˣԵ֣
˹ʲô£뿴㡣
˵Ǵǿ߽һ˵ʲôһ߻ħŮˣȥҾ;Ѿ޷޳ˣ㣬ǰ׼ˣ
棬㾹Ȼĸ磬ЩңֻұͲǰ׼ˣȻãֻҵĸˣҺûѪԵϵģ
˵УҪ˹Сô߻ħأҿûоҵǴģ
ҡҡͷпЦһѣԼݾˡ
Ӧΰ㣬ʱȴ˵˹ӦǱΪҶ˵Ļ
ˣԼѡ񣬺κ˶ûйϵ
˹˵˵ĶԣҪңұɱˣҪңұ߱죬㣬Ҫϣ
ѾĻ֪ڰ˹ǰ˶ٳĺϷʹð˹¶ҪԸԸ㣬˹˵ҲЦ⣬Ϊ֮ǰݳȫֵˣ
˹ˣشΪѣѾ߾ܵıˣǵ㽫ɱˣҲƭ㣡
˵ûϲң֮Ҳ¹ϵǵܵãŸʵˣĽѣѼ꣬߻ħ־ʱû㣬ǰ׼Ұѣ֮£ܿɹ󣡡
˵ⷬ㣬û̫ѣִԣһ㲻ģԸʹȻ
ȻҲǲϲ˹˵ʵ˹ľŮһ벻ϲѣֻ˹ʵ̫ŮˣƽʱҲֻҵϷһĲŮʲôԣ֮һֱǸɸɾġ
˹ҡͷڰ˵û˵һԹŮΪʲôҪ˵Ļ
ȵ㾿ǲˣûѪԵϵҴСһ𳤴㾹Ȼ˵ֻðɣ˹ŰĻô죬ҷսˣ
⵽ô£ҾӦ˭ģ
˹ץͷҵԴʹΪʲôΪʲôҪɱ棬ΪʲôҪɱ㣡
˹
㿴Ű˹Ҫ赹ٶȷɿ죬תۼ͵˰˹ԣ˫ַסЩҪˤڵϵİ˹˵棬Һúտ𣬽ˣ
𽻸ˣ
Ȼǰס˰˹
һԵİҲǰ˵ǾżλǿߣСӣȻԲѣҪǰæ
û뵽˹Ȼεȥȵ㣬ǻа취ΪԲѴ֮ܽģڿҪѵ㹦ˣ
ʵѾɵˣȻɵĲ㣬ǰͰܡ
汾ǰ׼츳ߵĵӣڵʵѾ𣬶ʵҲף֣ûа㷴
ǰãа취
ǰԲѣȴɱ㣬Գ󻼵뷨
ǱսսһⳡԾֱӾǿ
ЩֵļһﶼСš
ʵ㣬ĲҪҰæ
飬֮ķʽɣ
˵
ŭô꣬ǵһοôСӣܹɱ㣬Ҳֱӽǿ֮˽ˣ
ȵɱҾͻ᲻֮ɱ㣡
һû档
֮Уһɫƾճ֣ǵա
Щǿ߱ɫͷųĹâţԡǾȻͬսٵѶţǱս񣡡
Щǿ߷׷׼Ϊȴû뵽ȴǴϣ֮⡣
Ͱоȣ˵ǣǹм¼ľѪôȵ˾
ѹ˻ţЩ͹ܹӵѪ񵶵ˣ֮ͨˣЩܹⱱˣӵһ㣬Ǳӣ
˵зųâԵúܾȡ
һֱվڱ⣬û˵һ仰˴˿ע⵽ȴܹܵһĿ⣬ĿǺϤеѾѪ񵶣û֪˿ʲô˭Ͱһսκ˶ҪӮ


1853 
⽫ȫ֣˺٣Ǹܵĵ˫֮оâֳɫâҲǴ֮ڱŷ
ɫɫǳΪ˽սɫ
Ū飬ҾͲбһǿϲмʵǺܼɵոͷųģ޷ܵڵΪʲô״ֻҰοȻ֮ǰһֻǸ˼λǿߣǾżλǿߣԸ㣬練ơ
Ȼһʱ򣬰ʶԼ뷨Ǵģʵھżλǿ֮ϡ
飡ӴʹҪһ㣬ʩչŽһǵǿס
ϵİЩȻ棬СӵʵԴ⣬ȻܹƵֵزô֮ǰȴǸоǾżλǿأܣһʵڶ츳ʵ̫ǿʱΪͻƣΪżλǿߣҵϣ˵ĵڶܣϾҪĻǻᳬҵ󣡡
˵
㣬ʵоżλǿߵģңǲעҩĻܻô౶ȵ
㵭˵ǾܵĻҵǲϣ
㣬̫浱Ұô
ڿ̤˹鲽һӰһƮ죬ĵгһڤ𣬰ܺͰ濴˶вã˵ڤ֮棬ܽ㣬Ҫģ
ڤ֮ôȲȵĹҵڤĻ𣡡
Ц
˶֮гһɫĻ棬浱к׵ԴڤĻĳ֣Ҳƺʹðڤ֮氵˲١
ȥɣ
ȵ
ߣ
ҲߣеڤĻֱҪԷڤ֮𣬿Ҳڤ֮Ӱӡ
ڰǰǵЯ˿־ڤĻȻڣʱȺʱܽɱ
ǿ־֮ɫ£η壬Ǿ֪Լڵһ֮䣬Ѿ˭ʤ˭Ĺϵˣܲܿ춫̫
ˣ㣬ӮˣڤĻǿɱңǰ׼ҲŹģ˵
ɱɱ˾Ӧ
ٱ˵
㿴һ۰棬˵Ѳǰ׼ˣ㻹˼ʱ׼ңҶΪߣҲ˵ҪеֵĻ˶ϣ⸱ģ̫ˣ
Ҳһбһ룬Ҳܾˣ
˵
㿴ǰɪɪİ𣬵˵ҪԸûҵѣһ߻ħŮˣһϣʮζΪɱңźȷҹϣҪð˹ԸǱҲΪΪңҡû˵꣬һ𣺡ԭһֱңҴ㣬һǸŵİ˹պôӻѣȴɫ԰ס
׽ˣǸô죿ѵҲҪһôҲ£ΰʮ𼱴Ǹϸû뵽ȴǰϣ
𣬴ˣ´սϿ㣬Ҫͷأͳ˵
һ㶣ƣû뵽ȴûѡɱϽҪ뿪
ʦȴ˵ɣ󽫣˷ŵǰǶӦɱһȽ춼˵
Ŀ⿴򱱱ȴ˵˵鶼㴦ľҵľ˵˰Ҳı⣬Ժ飬ֻҪǲңû뵽Ȼڴ֮ͥ˵ⷬʲôǲ˵ͬڱ
Ҳñеﶼ뵽ⱱպһǱһ㡣
ʦЩпϾϵ޴ΥֻԼЩ̫ˣһˣضܽܡ
˺ܿʧ˵ߵУҲǴӿ䣬ȻûΪܰ㽾
ΪͰ֮ǰѾ֪ԼӵлܶԷˡ
쵱Уڱչصʱ򣬾Ѿһͨ춦סĿʹʱˣڵʵҲѾִ˼λǿߣϷ׭ԣԽԸżλǿߣҲ
ģܰҲһγΪӢۣܵȫǱƵӭ
ûа㹦߸뷨˵һѵĽĳŵǱеĺӾкüףֻû̫⣬ûм
ص¥¥ϰĴָָӣҪĻ¥֪᲻ڱдڰŰ˹廹Щûϰ˵ʲôŰ˹ص䵱С
ܺͰҲŽȥˡ
˱ϾģҲֻݾ
˵㣬ûҪҵķĹǰ𣬾Ҹ磬ɳȻƵ飬㽫ɱҲԹԵģ
ûʲôɱҲı䲻˰˹߻ħ״̬˵ο´ٸңɱ٣˹һãȻ㣺ǰģ߻ħôǰǸҪǿŮأ
Ц
˹ҡҡͷ˭֪ǲƭҵģҿɲ֪ľ仰Ǽ٣ҪƭҵĻֽɱˣɲԹңץŰ˹˵ģɱңܲԼ·һأ˹ȷʵȫûҲ֪ô£Ǳͨһڸܲ
߻ħҲ˵
ȻҲ˵㣬ⱱǲӦҵҪˣֻΧУֻбʺǰ׼ҸҵĻȥ֮˵гϣ׼ҵȨԲǰ׼ʧģ˵
ҡͷǰ׼ҶôˣǸҪȨˣóǻӦô棬ҿɲȥǵùͷ
ȴ˵ǰ׼ǿʢΨһ취֪УҲŬԣ㣬˹ҲһҪǻصȣӦа취ð˹ָģ˹˵ҵԴֿʼʹˣ⵽ô£ôģ̫ʹˣ˹ٴʹιȥҲǽ˹§ڻУ˫ֱı˵ھȥȣҲ밬˹ܵʹˣ


1854 ֮
ӵͼλɭλеĿຣ֮УͺͰ˹ʶλ棬ٵλ棬֮ĬҲԽԽã㲻£֮ĸҲ޷ġ
˹߻ħǴңҲŲѣϾҪǰ˹ĻҲ̤սǿ·
ϣ˹ѣս
˹ͷʹͣѣٴλԣȵһ۾ʱѾԼһİĻ֮¡
ѯ²֪ǹȣ˿ܣǺͱеľ¥кܴϢһֱԶ˫˹ûѡ㣬ǰԼҲϲģ
ֱ۾˹ŽĿƲط˵ͷôģõð˹Щ̫ϰߣ˵ůӿ˵ոиȵĵӸңǹȣأָǰͰܡ
ûãȥҰ׼ҵļλˣ˵
ҵͷʹöˣ㣬˵˵ǰɣ˹˵
˵߻ħ״̬ʧˣȻܼǰ飬õ˵ôҺǰǸܻŮˣ¼һЩõĻ䣡ҿһܺúܺõŮˣǸҶһ׷Ůˣ
˵
ǰϲң
˹գ۾㿴·ʮϧʱϧͺڵİ˹һ棬СԴ˵ЩĻ
ͷ˹ЩϲֻҲ֪ǰҵϲϲأ˵ᣬɱ㣡磬㣬ù֪ͨǣǹȥһˣһܿɰŮǰ
˹̲סʵʲôҽаѩİѩԽѩѩÿɰ֣˹˵һ·ϺѩֱͶԵһԶ⻹òû߻ħİ˹Ļַ˵ĸо
˸ѩУǷӡϢһ㣬޷Ӧκ˵Ϣ
ŲߣǵĿЩ⣬ЩǴŻɣ˵ϣ㣬λǰ˹㣬ոЩڱз飬ľȷǱһ棡Ǵ˵
ǫһЦ
˵˹С㣬ǰһϻù֮߻ħԭ򣡡˹˿㣬ߵͷųǴȥ
ϴЦݣǺͰð˹ʱ㿴ϵ龹Ȼ˺ɫɫĹâҲǴ˹֮ƶ
Ƭ̡
ǴϾȻһͷˮʵϣôˣ磬ǣʩչ֮ǿ˶ԷʣĻᱻɵİλ߶˵
㣬֪ݣʵ
˵
ǿ߻ħһֱܹӽİ취ǡ⣡ЩΪ
ҲǿóϣΪǣǸҲð˹ָϵͷ˶ɢȥɣЩ飬Ҫ㵥̸̸ЩЩףҲΥϵǶ뿪ˡ
㣬Ҳô˹˵ЩԥҲ˵ҿɲѩҪ㽲ڹȵĹأѩһȥıӰЩ΢΢ʹġ
УֻʣʹϣЩǣ˵ϣ˵ǰ˹Զ˵ݣȫǣ˵λϣԶ˲ûУⲻǵԭ򣬶ǰ˹ɷʣʣǿյУһˣɷʣ˵
Ͻ͵ǿ֮У󲿷ֵλϣ˵󲿷ֵλϽзͬЩλҲ֮ΪȻǿУһɷɷΪ֣ɷɷɷˣ϶漶ǿߣЩλϵģ
Ѱ˹Ȼɷ֮壬ɷ֮壬ɷãҲʣ漶ǿ߶ʣ̾
Ϊɷ֮岻׺˵أɷͬǳкͣɷˣɷˣԣ˵ɷԣǿԱᣡ᣿ԾҲɱɷܸ֮ɷֻǳ̶Ȳͬˣǵİ˹ɷ֮鱩¶ȥɱ֮ϵͷ㣬λȻǾżλ棬ҲŲλ漶ǿߣǰ˹ɷʱ¶ĿǰʵԱģЩҵͷôϣ˹ڴ߻ħ״̬Ҹΰָѣҡͷ˹߻ħܲȫΪˣԭ򣿡ʵУһ֮֮ǿޱȣҲ޴Ӷ֪֮ԴȻ䣿սȭͷ
ϼ˵㣬Ⱜ˹ʲôˣ㾹ȻҪ˵ʵҶܹԤ˹ǰ·ܲƽ̹˵Ҿˣϣ˼Ƿ˵ʱ޷ҾȰ˹ҵˣֻѣ˵
ΣЩ˵ϣΣǶлЩһҳǸ԰˹ļһһһУص˰ŵס㿴˹ܻĺͰѩżҳ̣붼ѩ˵˹ؼʱҲǻֹƣĵ
պ·һԿ̸ȻԣҲ˵ѩҲǹ¶ڰоµģͺܶŮһ֪һֱҪҵԼĸĸԭų˵ģΪЩ˵оĸĸû뵽Ͱ˹ȻôͶԵ˼ʵϸ취û˵ʱûﵽ㲻Ҫģ˹ģΪѣ˵
û˵˹ʱҲˣ˵㣬ô˵ʲôʱԼǰ飿ҲҪǰֻҪҼǰʲôҾˣǰѩҲǰʲôأ
ѩ˵
ѩĹ鲽һûпأȥŶ֪ˣ
ѩģƺҪ֧
䵱ֻʣͰ˹˹ƺЩµ㣬˵ǲǴûа취ʵûϵġģ
ϴſЦڻλ棬ǿߣ㶼ܲϧΪͦȻڣȴûָǰ˵öԣһ治Ǹأ㻰ոأȴ䲻ķԼ촽һ£һǰ˹촽


1855 
޷󣬰˹Ȼһ̣ǣҿ׵֮ı飬Щɬģʲôǰİ˹Լɾϲģ治֪Ⱜ˹߻ħ֮󣬵Ǻǻ
Ҫǰ˹ǣٶȡ
źǣոһ̫ͻȻˣûԤϣȻȻҲ˸ոհ˹һʲôĸо
˹˵һֻǸл㣬ʹ߻ħҲ벻ɲҪ룡߻ħҲ᲻벻Ĳôҿûж룬ֻģעһöǣûӮû뵽㾹Ȼңҡҡͷ
ڻλϵʱջǽ֮λ˳Ҳ͵Ͱ˹֮ĶԼˣʱǵԼһν̬ȣð˹÷衣
ģ
˹гԾû뵽ҾȻĶģ˵ǰ첻µزµģлҳԱɱҲҺΪʲôԭˣţ˹ס
Խ˹ԼΪʲôԼλϵĴһ棬Ҫڵİ˹˽һ£ϾʱڣҲûڵ֮ģڶ棬ڵİ˹ԼһֱӰ˹Ϻ׾ܿ
Զˣң˹˵
ͷôţܱɾȻ㻯İҿǼ£
˵
ôоҾҺͨûʲô𣬱źǿڵǱӡסһ
˹ҡҡͷЩʧ
Ҫ֪֮ǰһоܽɱǾżλǿߣ֤˹ǿ
ڣ˹ĪͷۣڵҲʧͨ˻硣
˹ھ߻ħֻҪӵǿܹģڵĴȴѱ
ģҷģ
ð˹ҪģҲģ롣
ѩҲʱķţ磬ùҺ˵쳤ǻҪҪڱϣҲμӣ
ҲǴӦ
ȵ´ѾΪҲǰһλ˳
Ҳܿ϶ӳ̶ȡ
磬˵룬㻹˵˵Ǹ뷨ôİɣһӳ˵
ǹȵĶϣȻǲͬ׼óλãϾȷʱ᲻Ӳš
˵֪Ǻܷ˵飬ԣҲŻȵź˵˵飡
磬ʲôϵɲǰ׼ˣ˵
ϵͷȻǰ׼ˣҲ֪Уְλʲôָӣƹܾ˵
˵˵ѾȫˣҲ֪ǵϾҲһˣӦܹ֪Ҫʲô˼ˣ˼ǣ㣬Ϊβαοǰ׼ҲǺǵģûôױ˹Ӳţ˵
Ҳ˵ҼʶҪ˵ʮ㣬ţҪ˵ֹӲŵСˣҾţοǿܻ֪жôΣʾԼܲҾľǰ׼ӦøģϿһۣ㣬ǰ׼ڱɹôΧǿ࣬˵ʵҺųܻܲҲҶԣһᾡΪҵĹ˵
ϵͷ
ȴ˵磬ҿðͰڱ߸ȵŵһزʱǰ׼پٴߵ㿴Σ϶㻹ôأıأǰѾصˣҺͬ
˵
Ҳǵͷϵ˼ܶǰ׼ҲʱλϸˣǶȴǼԣΪ׼˲֪׼ڵʱʵûлָʱ̣ʱѡ񸴳ĻܻܿԵѡ
ǵڶصģȻסھ¥УܺͰҲ䷿Ҳ˹ڱ֮䣬һ쵱оͷʹĻ˯ȥ
Ͱ˹˵ǰ£˹˵ҪϢһˣԸܵ˹ҧӲͦŲ㵣ĵʹࡣ
Ͱִܺܿͱ˵˰׼ҵȫ뷨Ҳû뵽׼ҾȻӦҲ˵棬ȫԺֻܸ㣬Ļҵһģû뵽Ȼ㣬ѾҪƽֽɽĵزˣҲû룬뿪˵棬ûоⱱЩŹ֣ôˣ벻ͨһΪ󷽣Ҫ֪𹦸߸Ҳǹ߸ˣûаһһһֱȨʲôѵλã˵
ҡͷҲʲôˣ㣬˻һӹô˵˵ôˣҲǸżλǿߣɲ漶ǿߣҲܱߵԳ۳ưԣǵУɲʲô˵⻰һɴ׾Ҫ֪ɲ̫һˣΪԱ˧ˡ
˵ŰɣܸоԺλϵǿߣ֣ΪʲôΪһֺǿҵƴڰ˹߻ħԼκã
˵Ǵ󲽳ǰ
ԭЩŭߣҵſСӵ׻᲻˵Ϊλϵǿߡ
һֱڷ䵱Ϊ׭ӵмǿЧ֮ǰѾ÷׭Űﰬ˹Ӵ߻ħ״̬׭ƺûа취ǰ˹ڵǹ֣֮ԼҪܹڶʱ˵ܽ˹ڵ֮
˴ʱһ˿âʱ˹ҲǸպƺˣҲʵû뵽Һͬʱôˣǻᷢһ˹ã÷׭㽫ڵ֮
˵
˹ЩĪǵͷӣЩжʱ޿̶ŰԼ߻ħ״̬֪ԼǰǲҲЩϲأ
˿ɫâ˫ƻϹӰ˹ĺӿ룬˹ҲǸоȫů綯ҵĵոѾԵϣԽ˹ڵ֮
ﰵ


1856 ս
ϹŰ˹嵱ڽһҵĶһ
һڵ֮һķ׭ƺڱƴ˭ǿơ
˹ƺЩܲס嵱ƴʹУȻҧܵ˹ͷȫðźˮ׭˻ɫЩѿ
˹˵һ֧ס㣬ΪʲôҪڵ֮ʵ̫ǿǼȥҲܽ
˵
˹οʲôþɥأʵϣҾҲͦõҲȥǰ޷ˣԴȻʱʹҲȨϢˣûʲôģ㲻ôңʲôأԼҲҪƴĻΪ̫ĻԺԼˣ˵
صӪڿŰϵĴļЩûпġ
Ҳһ԰Ű濴һ֣˿߽Ҳ˵㣬û뵽㶼мʱûӪеˣЩأ˵㿴Щļ࣡˵һ£ҾͿԲÿˣ㣬ǾӪеĸָӣ㲻ЩļҺͰ濴˵
ͷԺ󶼻ˣҿԽԼļ¼㣡ŭĿ
ȴ˵ЩļУ󲿷ֶڷӦһЩΪ㻹֪֮ܰصļռˣڵѾӵʮǳأʲõıΧеǿЩռ֮ҲǷȻ󲨣󲿷񶼾εʱûΪôΪ¹ѫǶҪ̨λۣѾɢÿһĳǳˣͷ⻼״̬ˣ⻼Ǹոռ˼ǳأ⻼˵
ҲЩɻ󣬿ڲҪ죬ⲿǿѾΪΧеǿ
ǺúÿͼռݵĶһЩڹûռһڹ֮˵ʲôǶʱţȣҶƾŰĸʵЩСڸûпǿߣǱסԼӦ
ⲻţ
˵ǰΧǹԮģڣǸԱѾìͷָ˼ǣʵѾѱˣʵ
ͷѾֻӿٶȰˣ
ҰľǳΪû뵽ҰĵǺӾ
˵Ͼ磡
˵
ҡͷҸ磬ҲҪΪԼҰĸۣңѾΪĹһˣôʵδңҪҪʲô
˵
֮󣬰㣬Ѿһ䣬̨Ϊƽ񣬶ʽλ
ڰλһ̣ΧĲѾս
˵棬ȥһô룡ǰԼľ񣬺޹أҵأҪȥʲôǰǴô˵ȥͶˣҲȥ˵

Χսĵ죬Ѿȫ߱ˣΪսͶԷѪƴĳǳȫΧռݣֻʣ°Ƶġ
ϣѾڰˣǵǿѾ׵סˣһȺŵǻ죬죬Ǿͽҵµĳǳȫó
ȵߣҵҪȥ⿴Щνǿ߾жôӦܵϾУȴû뵽ǰûо
Լʷҵľŵλ죬Ҫô
ǰҵǳΪľеĵһˣκ˽ҵƻ
һս£ȥʮ㣬еĲ˶֪ڳǿ
ĿУǧǿռţǿֿɵõĳǳأǲм
ֻʣʮǿߣоǿ־֮ɫǼֱ޷յǿҪһϮǣ
ˣҲҲʷг֡
һɫӰӳ˸
ǰȵЩΪܿôλļһǳˣûϲأôͳΪľܿ죬ҲӾ֮λˣЩǿߵиߵ˵
ȵƾǣҵλЩСҿһʰ˵棬ɣ
λǿеĵ𵴳һǿ
д󺧣ȻǾżλǿߣѹֿôݳǰկǾżλǿߣҲ赲ҵ룡˻һǵϿնŰ
λʵͰ൱˽ּغϣûзֳʤ
ǿƺҲЩҪܰ𣬱ϾֻҪܣˡ
죬ҪҪǰæҡͷ
Ͱսʵ̫ˣûֳܷʤ
ʱյУһ𣺡һˣǧǿҲ޷ôеǿ߶һӰǵǰ
һһŮ
˿ȥף˫ȴ˿׵䣬Ůɣ˿ȥһɾ¡
ǰ棿˶ϳ棬ȻҲһЩȻҲϳ
˷У֮л׭ȻǿнͰֿǿҵ𵴣ÿеǧǿ߶Ȼһ
Ƕ붼ǰ˼λǿߣĻҲǲҪ
Ͼǵʵֻ׳׳ƣﲻʲôæ
һ㣬˵㣬ﵽϴΰڱܸ㣬ѾһڰһˣҲΪܸ㣬԰ҪɵϾ룬ĻⱲӶϾˡ
û뵽ʱҪ֪쵱Уûɳǿ߽Ѿǰҵһˣڿ㣬Լ̫ˣĴԲŹġ
˵ҺͰģôңǾȣô뵽Ȼ˵һ˵ΪʲôΪʲôҪңոպͰսҲһոѾԹʵģɲΪԼǰ˵Ķ֣Щɵ˵һֱѹűǾҪǿɲҪ


1857 
ʮΧˣͳǧǿߵǵΨһһżλǿߣʵʵͰ޼ǽʱ򣬰д󣬾ԼѾûбҪǰսŻô̵ʱڲ
ûôĻԼ˵ʵ㲻侮ʯǣվŵǰ棬ĻôһŶȡ
죬ɫǰĶ࣬ΪҪľ°Ļ赲
Ҳô
۾
Щ֪Ǳ㣬ҲΪԼʵԸ㣬ֻѾЩΧİȫң𣬰Ǿ˵ĵˣвң˵ûмǴĻû֮ǰν˻űİɣΣȻ˵С
˵˵ΧЩֻҪˣǾҪԣǻСǹϷû̫ԴƴҪ״ݻɱ𣬶ôλϵ淨㣬ӵĻҲֻһƺЩ
ȴǵһЦûУ˵ҲżλǿߣһȡȥеˣҸʱ䣬ǻɢĻһὫеǿȫնɱ
˵
һ㣬ţ˲Źģ
ߣ
ֻ·ҲǶϾ̽ɱ뷨ˡ
ǧǿ뿪֮е񶼰˿֪ȫǵ˲ǰ𣬶㣬һޱ޵ļһ
˽ǣЩ㣬㵽ΪʲôҪʲôôѵҪҵλãȡ֮㿴һۣûͣȴ˵ΪڵλúôҪ㣬ڰѾ˰ɣɫѿ֪Ϊʲô
֪Ϊʲô֮ɣ
㵭˵
ʵҲ̫㵽ʲô뷨ֻаյˣ˵ֿĻ
ͺͰһڰе̨Ͽĸоͬʱһ㶼˽㣬ԻܿڣǾĿеģһǿԴ

ϳǡ
ԭĴǳ֮һڡ
˽ڶѾΪ˵ˡ
Ҳǿʱĵط
ǧǿߵ壬νΨһһżλǿߣϳǳ߶ƺڵϢ
ʿӳǶ˵죬еĳɴˣˣзŹ⣺˾ͺãܿģһĿ˴żλǿ߽Ҫһ׺
׳СҲ˶
壬ʧˣһΪ㣿ˣ˰ʵ֮ϣҲóȻӲƴ
幧
˵ڱǻܰ˱ӦͷŶԣξȻȥȰ𣬻ĥˣҲ벻ףʵϣһ飬ûиǣ飿ڰ¿ԣ˵첻ɢĻ԰ǽɢ
˵
ɢˣ۾ԲСӣ˵ֻ֪ʮ֯ΧʲôôᣬԴأˣҲģСӿ϶Ƿųԣ˵֮󶼲ڰأ˵
ɵͷȻȲǵҲλżλǿߣҪǽɢˣǲˣ˵⻰ȷʵЩңˣҰ㶼ˣ˵
ã˵֮ǽɢˣ֮ǱǣҿǽɢˣʱһὫλżλǿȫǴϣʵϣǶҪѹǣΪӣΧǸ׳Ƴ
˵
˾еָӣ˳Īʮǿȫͳ˧ԣˣŻİ
ɺеĻʯʵû˿Ժ

ͰһֱڰǳУͺϵڼǲİỳʲôɸ˵ĹʵϾǰ֪ǳʲôϵĻҲ޿κΡ
Ϊȫץţô졣
ѹʲôûһֱڳУҲûг
֪˾Բǵģһպ߳˵棬أĮ
棬ô˵Ƕã̬ܶҺЩôҪ֪ڰǣҪǽǣǿɾһϵˣ˵
ǺǣǿЦڲźҽôҿɲ죬Һ㣬Ҫ뿪ǣҲסģ˵ֻҪң㵱˵֮ˣ仰ǲģ
ʵʲôϵһۣͲشȻԼҲ
ʱһȴǴΣٵΣӦ컹У٣൱ʲô˼Ҳ˵Ǵһ֮ҶǣȵһҪζ
Цôڰⲻһǧ״ѾλżλǿߣǵСĻͲҪˣʵʵĴɣ
ʲôһʶͷųȥȻĸܵǿ߳ŰǶ
ʱҲǿͰӰǰһǳųķȥˡ
⣬˿Ѿۼ˴ǿߡ
վЩǿߵǰǿͺһСɽһǿ߶ְġ
˵ˣǰǣֻҪƵǳأˣɵͷ⻹ǵһǣ˵ǳһŮ˵ģͽаɣ˵ɣһ档
ûȨͽǮ󣬵Ů˵رģҲɵȺã˵ǰӦûڰУˣǽռΪУǰ滹ֵ飿۾ȻǾܶԼ뷨
ʱǳűʿ򿪣âӳֳ
ɫĹâӳǰֵʱ򣬳Щǿ߶Щ΢΢ȣΪû뵽㾹Ȼһӳг֡


1858 ݺ
֮ǰڰ⣬ǿ߻ˣжηġ
ڵǣɵλżλǿǰʹǿʱǹηвԻ
ɿֵʱһҲû⣬Եİ棬־Ϊ˵ĸܣռݰ뷨Ҳǿҵĺܣ˵棬˵òǽһ֪ʲôɣҳҪˣߣ˵˵һɫָߣû뵽Ȼף˵
ɫΣҪõŮˣûеòģҲ⣬ߵСʲôôңȻҾͻɿ˵
һɢģڿǷҪҶô
㣬㻹ǵ仰㣬ɣ
ȵ
λżλǿߣΪкаԵôЦ
˵㣬ҲǸһսҶĿ࿴ҵǲΪҪֻȻѡӦ׼ˣαغϻô࣬岻֣Ӧˣһ˳
ȵϻʵ൱ҪĻҲţ
ߣҽԴʱٺúԼո˵ĻǺֳ˫ȥ䲻
Ҳһżλǿߣºź滢ޱơ
Ҳ뿴ʵΣź滢ͷս
滢㣬ٳɿʵΡ
㣬Ϊ׼ˣһζûҳ֣ȥĻǻҵģ
룬ͷǲ߻һôǿƵŮˣֵĻְɣұ֤Ҫ֪ʵǻģҡͷԸң滢û뵽㾹Ȼðս˵Һ滢ӲŮ˽֣㣬ʲô˼ӱôȴĹŮ˵ɣ
˵
滢ЩΪѵĿ˳һۣ˵ҪҿŮˣ滢ս˫һ˿ɱ⣬̤鲽סĳȻŰ˹ȥǿƣǰ̤Ź鲽ȴɱܿ˫֮ƺһɫǶɫڰŹʣȵ
ЩâͽȻɼǿ滢а⣬Ϊܸܵʩչ֮޴󣬸Ͳ׶Ըġ
飡޴Ƿ·һ
ȿȣ滢·ǰˣһһѪӿ
۰棬Ȼһһվԭأ鵭ϲ
ոһȻǺ滢ˣǺ滢ƺһ㣬ҪͰսȥ
Ȼ˿̳ȴһƺֱӴں滢ıϣﶫѾ˵ˣ㲻ҪǰŮˣϲģһ䳰ȷϻ㲻ǺΪôأһŮ˻ܣǲһ죬Ϣͻ˽֪İɣ㣡
滢ҧҧ˵
ǰһĿ棬û뵽ʵȻ֮ǿżλǿ߶Ķ֣ѾǾżλǿھˣ㲻Ҷ֣濴һ㣺ҿû˼׵ļһͽɣ㵭ЦŮѵɫǣҵң˵ʲôʮָӣɫǣɺȵŪϴŮˣ֮һĸԸĸңΪʲôΪһԸǰȫеˣ˵û㲻ףһף˵
Сӣ֪ôģҷģֵƾճһѾ޴ޱȵĸͷ˫ֻ踫ͷһӿǶܹܵɷĿֲ
ǿ߶ɷЩվȽţȴʯһ㣬ɫݣûаη壺żλǿھô֪ʲôʵ֮Ĳ࣡ǰͽȻһƬ⣬гһɫƺסһɼǿӿ
磬Щеǿ߿ʱ㶼΢΢ЩǶûгɳĻǿˡ
ոմӰгɫüͷ΢壬ΪʵǱǿһ㣬ǴӸոչֳʵȻ
ֲٶȣð𼸺δҪԽϣ
ʹĴҪ֪ǰڰУֻһ˼λǿߵˣ
ɼʶ㣬ȵŵĿԶŻˡ١ʹùѪ񵶣θɣ˵

ɺдȻȥ΢΢ƶ벽СѪ񵶡ȻһӣҪɵһ㣬ֱӽɻȫɵ
Ǿ˹ŻѪ񵶣ͲǰɿԵסġ
ϴĻʱɣǰѸͷ׼С
Ҳ˵ôô棡
û뵽ʩչĵȻôֲЩ־壬˫ֶЩȻ
Щеǿ߿Ҳĵãѵ˶֣
ɣ˭
ȻӳһףɿǾĵ˫ս󸫣ҪֵǸǵ˶ӿб׹
Ҫ֪Ѫ񵶿Ǿд󸫵ܹģټʵʵϺ󣬱ܣҲпԭ
ˣȻˣ찡˵ָӰˣ¸Ǻãżλǿ߻ûϳ˾Ȼˣ
ҲȻĿһĻûܻܳɣҪ֪˳ɵھǽ˻ˣΪɾʮ˵ľ֧
һ£˽ûһǿ߿ͦ
ȻɱܣЩǿ߶ֱɽҪס
ɴӵǾ޴һԵЩأ˺ۣɫѿҿԼĺ󷽡
վԣ˵ҲأȻҲ˹ȴ˵ѾɲˣɺȵСӣӮˣңҲףΪʲôҪĶôҲڰ𣬴ݺڰﱱ˵
֪֮ǽԸڱǷâ¶ǲŹҵģԣҸʱɢˣǲɢĻֻˣ˵
ݺ͵͵Ŀһ㣬û뵽˾ȻܹôԶһжҪסΪȡܶʱ䡣
Ҵģ֮ǰһǳɵĶ֣֮˵ɢˣֻΪ˸ԼӮȡʱɵ˸պмƣѡ֮


1859 
еɻ󶼽⿪ˣҲѹָո˵ڵһжǰˣȷڵʵðϵĻ
ɫѿЩǿ߸˵ɢʮˣǲܵģѾʮ꣬ٹ̣㽫һܣҲܽɢ˵ģܽɢߺߣǾͽһˣ˵
ʲôһˣʲô˼ǵĻ֮ϣٽܱγһˣ
⡭ʮʲôǲĻȰͬҵһӴЩֻҪӶǰѪ񵶾ͿնɱԼҲ˵ʮ˵ָӡ㲻Ҫʮеĵλֻ˵ʮҲĶ֣ԣٲǿҪ˵
̾˿㣬ܴû뵽㽫һжˣûʮѾ˾ĹעѾڲ֮ʮ˶֣Ҫԭ򣡡ֻԼǿܲɼ˵ʮҴӽһ̣Ѿָӣʵǲʮˣ㣬˵ɣҸոѾ˵úˣʮ˽ɢǱǣ˵
˵ܣǱҪǣ𣬴ӽ쿪ʼͲˣô᣿ҾϣѵҪռݣ൱ϣҲԼ룬ڿʼ㽫ƽܲܣȵ
ʱǳҲ˳𣬵㷢佫λӦû뵽н죬еǿ߿ɶҵ֪һããã㣬ҷһᱨģŰɣϵĽսж£תС
濴ŰߣҲ΢΢ҡͷЩΡ
Ҳûи̫Ŀʱ䣬ɻǵͷӦ顣
ʱ䣬Ѿص˱ǵѾʮʽɢӶΧСѾ򱱱׳Ƴ
˵ڰǺͳһսѾ׸ı˱ΧЩһЩ֡
֪ν㣬˵Ҫһ뽭ɽ㣬ܣ޿κΣ㰡㣬˵㣬լ㲻ҪǮ㲻ҪŮ߱û취֪֪֪ǵָӵҪʲôϣܽ˹߻ħ״̬κνͶҪã˵
һۣǰ˹ҪôͷģĿԽκãʵڲҪκνҪͳ˧ΧʮСⱾһѵ飡Ͳزˣʦϲߣ½ɣ
˵
뿪֮
һֱڱǵİܿҲȥ֮󣬱˵棬κȥΪβ˵һ㲻֪⼸жൣİΣʲôõĵģҿǾżλǿߣοԣ˳ɣʵһҪǿ󣡡˵
ҡͷ̫Σˣ㿴ڹ߸ոʦȥΧСԾȨҾúܿ챱Ҫأ̫ˣ˵֮ΪЩС£Ҫ֣һ˻ⱱ϶ǲģͱǼĬľȻԼͶȨûʲô뷨ﰵôȥ˽һɲУҪٽӴȥĻǻµģ
¥
˹ո˯ѣǿһˮЦݣҾ֪һۿһ㣡ΪʲôΪμˣ˹˿ˮɫʵϺܲ԰ףڸܲȻ׼Ҵ˵˹ɷ֮壬ʵڸܲɷĴڡ
˹ȻͷʹΪĵһ飬Ϊ죬Ѿ۲쵽˹ͷʹƵԽԽȥ˹Բ
Ҫ֪ڵİ˹ͨ˶ȲϣʱͷʹĻҲĳ

˵
ѵû²ʧô˹˵
ʧҲܾһκģһģ˹˵㣬ʵҲʧʧ֪ÿνעʧ֮㶼ѹģܸܵӲ˵ΪѹҲξܳɹأЦ˵
ϵЦݣ˹ƺҲͷʧˣһҲɹﱻɫâ֣ʩչķ׭׭ע밬˹ڣܿҵǹԽԽӴ֮׭˺ܾãĶͷˮ֮Ȼ޷
Ϊʲô۵ķ׭Ѿô࣬޷Ըǹ֮ڰ˹ϲ֮˭Ŷôǿﰵ
һʧܣǰ˹ûʧ䣬˭Ҳû˵Ű˹Ȧ˹ٴθоͷʹʱǽ˻
Ű˹ڴϱ˫ʹҧݣȴǿջЦӣ㾾ĵĺܡ
ǹ֮޷⿪ֻһԭǾǱڵʵǲ֮˲̫࣬Ļ۵ķ׭ǹ֮ĵٴγͨ춦֪Լֻнͨ춦УпܽԼǱʵ
Ȼͨ춦ĥأвɥû취ֻ
ܿģڵϣԪϣͨ춦С

ҹͨ춦ųһ˿âȻڵϡ
ʱһӰȴǳ֣ҹģͨ춦еĹâǰӰӵӣǵӰĿ⿴㣬΢΢˵ѹٶô죬ԶŻ˻ӵͨ춦ԪѾͨ춦һ֮ĿڴѾ˯ȥİ˹˹ͷȫ亹֪˯ˣͷȻʹ
ǵӰڰУöŰ˹ԴƬ̣дžȣԶ嵱ĻҳԱԶʩչӡѹֹȰ׼Ҷû취⿪ӡΪԶ׷ɱŵλϵģȻ㲻ҪκʹͣһֻôҲȫɣŹâЩâȪˮһ˿˿밬˹嵱С
йâ͸ȥǡܹ˵沿ȻǰбԹ㲻Ҫκʹ͵ı


1860 齨
ͨ춦УҲ֪˶ãһΣڶĥѱǰҪ̫࣬еɽǿѾ׳ƹȥ
Ѿҵʮνͨ춦Уû뵽ǰʮμѻҪ󣡡
һ̫ңЩ̫һ䵽ϣȫҪ࣬Ų֮Ҳû
ԣͨ춦ȻΪݾطͬʱҲΣյĵطкȥ
УۿɲĹطһҪȥȰ˹һҪ͡١һһҪصҰ˹
Щͨ춦֧㲻ᵹµȻҶ˼ǵӰҲǸԺС
սȭͷȫǻһ㣬˫ȭȻŵǰһɽȥ
䣡
ͨ춦з·ضɽҡŵ̫ԽԽԶ

أԪҲǻع鵽У˿һߣȻûп˹Ӱ
ĺܣȥ

ոսʶͷųȥȴǱƿ˹߽ɫһ㶼ӣЩ֣˹㣿
ȫȻɫֻľ飬ϴЦݣҲ֪һоȫͷҲûʹˣҲ
ô£
˹˵ʱѾʶ壬ҲǷڵǹ֮Ȼʧˣ˹ϵ׷ʲôЩĪ
ҲܾôұΪ㽫ҵͷκõأ˵ͨ춦бչأ֪㣬ǡͰ棬ҲûӴأ
˹ɻ
ͷô£֮ڵ֮ѾʧˣȻ߻ħ״̬ٲͷۣ岻а˺ˣǺ£
ô飬ȻҪ֪ô£Ҳܹ˹ڵ֮˵ʵضԼǿ̫࣬˲֪Ǻ֪ġ
Ҳֻˣ㣬ǲҪˣ
˹Цݡ
ҡҡͷ㱾ûϺȣΪͽڵ֮ˣһӦٿһ㣬˰һ᲻˼ģ

ʱúܿ죬֮󣬳ȥ⽻ʦڻص˱С
ҲǹɹеĲ񶼳ʮӭʦ˷ܣԼ۵Ҳֵõġ
Ͱ棬ܶУʦҲǺܻ䣬˵ϣѾΧȫܱˣǰƶµ˷ʽǵģЩ֮⣬ͬϵ뷨

ǱǶԶǾܽ
ţ˵ˣ֮һǵȷǲҪˣ
˵
ʦ˵һ飬˵ҪܽУǣ
ܽУҪģ
˵
ܶһϣ֮һ㶼ǵ͵£ΪҪģ֪齨ôӴˣǿǻὫǴݻٵģУǰ׼Ѿ֪齨֮£ѾڿҪҪʱϿҪ˼а
ҽ鱱ҪģҪλϵ飡
˵
ǣ
ܼˣ׼ѾڿҪҪʱ뱱ҪǱ˸ߵ£Ȼ԰׼ǲġ
ͷֻ㶮ңʦͰһİɣ
ʦΣ˵϶֪һѡˣǾ֮ǰ飬Ҿ㣡
ʦ̵ıɾȻͬǣðɣܣҸ㣬ʮ˵飬ԭʮҲΪ֪һ㣬Żƣ
˵Ѿǣ£ǻǻһ˽⣬ģɵ
ʵû
ƶǶĵ˵ͷ
һ֣ˣ
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ͷλ治ӦֻưţǱӦȡ֮
⻰Ǽĺܣû뵽ⱱ˰Ҫȡû˵ⱱȷܹɾʹ¡
뿪˵㣬ϲ㣬˹ѾָˣóҲܿģ
棬ҽͨ춦ʱ֪˭Ӵ˹ô
ΪκģԪѾ붦УҾ֪ˣ˭Ҳ²
˵һλ˵ĻʵǼֲģ
ǵģ˹ڵ֮ǿڵʵ޷Ե޹κð˹Ҳ֪Ǻ⣬ҵǾǺ⣬ĻܾȰ˹ʱҲܽٵ
˵
Ҳ˵û뵽߾Ȼôǿļһڣòǵˣ
Ҳҵͷ

ϣϳǡ
ǾĶǣУڽһĻ顣
ľ֣֮ϣȻͷҰףȴǼܴԶŲپҪ
ϣѾ͸ò򱱱ʱˣ֪Σ
һλ˵
֣˵Ǽۣһţ
Ҿαʮ˶ѾѾǵĵߣٲĻΪԺǵĺ󷽣ǱȻ鷳
˸ߵ齨ˣȻбóȻ򱱱ǱȻĲǿߣҪ֪ϡȱǿߣ

Уٴִ֣࣬ȴһֱüͷ˵ѾǾҵļ飬֪ǿ˼飿
ֻ˰ˣϣѵʮ˽ɢ˵黹ʲôô
ǿע⵽һˣ
˵Ŀ㣿
һλзŹ⡣
ǹƥһս˰ǿߣһսʼ˾͸˴ɫʣ
֣˵
ţαԽɢʮˣҲȫ˵ĹֻͣȻǿֻһˣûǾǿ߱Ƚϣ
ϣҿǸŵĻҴʮǿǰȥ£

֣ҡͷǿߣǾȻУǱо²ܵģϣҿһûпҲǱǣбҲȥһСڵıûĻϣܹú֣
˵ǣȷʵǸţܹõ˲ţǱĸ
ǰ̫ԱˣԭĲֵֿֿܵʮСЩסˣ
֣Щ


1861 
ϣ˵ǣһֱԼСд񣬵ȷΪĲܣֶ˸㣬绢ǿɲܴⰡ
һλ˵
һ飬λ֪ҵõϢǣȥ˵Уһ㣬һǰ棡
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ʵ
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׼ңȻǰ׼ңôᣬ׼Һ˲Ѿ֪ȥôôͻȻ㣿
ǰ׼ҵĻǱ˸ߵ齨˵ͺܺ˵ͨˣ
֣˵׼Ҫλϸ飬Ǿе֪
ǣϣôľȲô
ǸΪ֣ȷ绢ڵ뷨ǵ˭ΪãǴһ
֣˵
Ҫа㣬ţȥ죬СҲԲҼͷ
ţԸȥһ˱ĻٺòˣҪ£в
Ǹòȥ뺷˴ֵĵͷϷģţսɱһȰˣҲһοľͦ˼ģţϲļһ

ǡ
ڵıѾΪ˵ĶǣȻֻеСʵϣÿ϶ҪԱ׳ƳұȻֻһǳأٲȻ˶ڱġ
ʦǱǵĳǳվڳǽ֮ϹúɽʦЩ꣬ϷƸ裬û뵽ʱ򶼲ȹõĺɽˣǿ˲١
ľɫѵЩʲôô
ûʲôֻЩпˣǰʱ䣬Ǳսˮ֮Уû뵽ʮȥǱȴѾ齨ˣΧȫЩǶ벻ͨΪλɣ
ʦп
ʦϺϵȷǿ󣬱ǿʢܲɷֵĹϵ
ǰǰһһֱ㣬ľҲƬ̵ԥˣǱĻʯҶ룬ҪǱ꣬Ǳڶпܺаˣ
ףʦ㿴ǳ£ǼһǾţھ죬ǵ˵ò
ĽȻܵˣʲô
ʦüͷ
ܿ죬ʦȷ֮˱ǾţţҲǲҴ⣬̽㱨˱û̫⣬ʦҪ̫ʱǲԱʲôġ
ʦǾЩ˸ţˣȴǵõţȥڵľ¥С
һ̸棬ţһ£ģҪȥҲǽ˱
ϣɲС£ɲһЦ֮ҪǾܲסջĻ¡
С֣ʦ˵Ҫţ޷
ҡҡͷ
ȥطȻǣȥҵġϣҪһˣ˵Ҳðİ
ãҶ㹻ģ˵Ǿǲһ֣ԼԹҲ᲻Ϊģ
ȥȷġ
ʦȴأܾΡ
ڶ죬ʦȥһ˾Ͱ棬ܻмλϽ춼С
ʦȻƽʱɫһݵƺκζߣʵʦ֪ʲôָأ
ڱһֱȽʦܾƺϲ־飬Ȼû֮ǰʦȷʵҲǱεֵû˵ֻھѾΣٹȻ̫ʺϡ
ûʲô֪Ǿر࣬˽˽⣬ǲҪΪҵĴڶ˰Ǽ˵
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Ҳǿ㣺ָӣ֮ǰȥһ˾ʲô˼ڻûף
ǲȥĻҹˣ
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Ҳ֪㲻ϲ˶ʣ˵ǣǣһհ죡
ʦ۾һȥһ˾ʲô㰡ǾǱŲ·أȥѵʲôҪ죿
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㿴һۣʦҡͷң㣬ֻҪʰˣ
ʱֽȻ֪ҲȨκ˽
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˵
ʦһҿǱµ飬ţ͵͵ǵģΪأ˭֪ʲô
͵Ϊֹɣɢ
˵
㶼һ뿪ӪУʦ˱Ӱ˵ߣһԵİ˵ʦţҹ㶼֪˵ʵҵʱţȥѾоԾˣ
ҲΪ
ȻⲻôţΪʲôȥ㣬ȥأҪڵȥôǾõַеĲǿ߶ƭȥģ
Ψ²ңǲȥһ˾ȻͶϵ׼
ʦҵ֪һ㣬ԽͰȥԽǾεĺܡ
Ҳûʲô飬̱Ǹϵڵľ¥ʱţżҲǴ¥
ţ׳˶Ŀ棬һϳʦҲ˵û뵽ţȻƫԶ£󣡡
ƫԶҲΪΧûʵĶˣʦܾûˣû뵽˲٣Ϊ˱Ÿ˲Ѫ
ţЦ
Ǹ˲ѪѪҪ˸ٵ
ʦơ
ţ˵ʦ˵ʲôţ
ţǲҪװͿôⱱǵν£ѵһ᲻ô
ʦ˵
ţȻʧЦʦѾ֪ˣ
ʵϽǵʱ򣬾ǹʦ֪ģţȻȥ֣֪εõһ˲ţĲ粻֮࣬˲ĸԸߣһ㣬Ȼ˲ź;ì򵥵İ취
ʦȻһصĴˣҲţƻʦԭ
Ȼ͵̸ʱͰȴô¥


1862 ƾ
ţ¥ҲԤвõ鷢˵ֵʵӭͣ׼ضǣлֵչˣ
ʦ⻰һŭѵţ֤ݣѾֵˡ
ʱȴ˵ţԭǲ͵ģʦͱˣҿǵСǲҪʩչ˰ɣ
ţвãһ˿գֵʲô˼ҿû
㵱ʦҡڵĽ뱱ңΪҺ֮Ĺϵô׼ʦԸңǻĹƣֻϧЩСȴ
˵
ʦһͷˮԽԽͿ
ţͽȻЦû뵽û뵽㣬̫ҾˣһΪҾɲǿߣԲˬû뵽ȴױ㿴

ʦЩˣ㣬㲻ҪѣţҪ֮Ĺϵ
ϴŵЦ⣺ѵڻҪ͸
һԵİҲ̲סȤȻҲ֮ǰ֪ģǱʦ㷴Ӧһ㣡
¥ʱѾԸھʱʡ
ʦŭţСˣȻʹȱֶΣ㻹ǾĴ󽫣
˲ţͲǱʦֻĲܣ
ţ˵
ţҷȰ㻹ǸϽصΪѾɳǰȥϳǣ֣㷴ѵϢ
˵
ʲô˵ҷѣ
ţ۾Ҫɳˣ㣬úݣھ¥ס£û뵽Ǳ߾Ȼȥǵһңأ
ûУ֣ȻǻģֻⱱǴԽãĳ̶ȿ»ԽԽģֻΪ룡
˵ڵٶȣǿԸ֮ǰϵϳǣ
Ͳɱ
Ǻǣһԣ
˵
ߣ
ţȵٶʧھ¥С
ʦһĻͶЩŴû뵽Ȼôӣ˵㣬ô£ôῴţıΪβңҾͽ㵱ͽԴˣ
ʦµţıҲʵʵûʲô˵ģ
Ҳͽץˣ
ʦ̾˿ܹⲻȥҳԼΪǻأ
ӦҲһаɣʦǽ˼ڹκñǵķչϰɣ
ҡҡͷʦʵûʲô²۵ģоڵϵĻĹУÿÿʦ˻ǲһ䣬Ĺ뷨ȴ̫أء
¥ʱ򣬰˹վ¥ݿϣѾͷˣǴЦݣ㣬ոֻǺ˵ҪǸţ֮ǰϳǻ֣ţѵ飬û˵ҪǸϲĻأ
ǰӿɲһ˸е磡
Ҳ˵
ȴһЦҲû˵

ţԼʩչٶȸϻϳǣ˵ĻҪĺ֣˵ԼѣԼԽҲ֣϶Ϊ֣Ըţȥǵ͵£ţȴóԼһἿɡ
ϳǳţûпʲôǷţΪϾҲǾżλǿߣǿ֪ٱʹǳ˵㣬֮ǰҲ顣
˿ϻ֣һţɫ֪Ӧûдˣ£ģûڴ֮ͥѽţ˵ţˣ㱾Ǹ˲ţôǾҲ֤ǲᶨطϣ
ţͷϣ̫ˣеĻҪ٣Ϊ˼ܣУˣܷչزΪʲô
ʶ뷨ЩһţЩëȻһﲻǿҵļƲߣ֣ԸҲһǸΣյļһ
ţĿֲǱĳ˵ϣǵ
Ȼˣ
ţɫЩÿ
һ˶ԽģɫȻûΪǾаֵĲȻҲһ㣬ȻʵǿԱԼǿĵˣȻΣ塣
Ȼһʼ̫Ŀģ֮½һˡ
ұ밲
˵
е˶£֣Ҳһɻ˵ǾһԶֺֽؾ񣬸οıȻȣòŶʱͿԳΪһĴˣ
ǱһֱƽȷչǴδҪʲôǰʵϴűһЩģ
˵
ĳ⣿
ţЩ⣬ΪҪһңȴû뵽˵ǲӡ֤˵ĻԼҪ֮ǰϵͻһ˵ʣ
ֱֽԣҿɲ֪Ǳĳ
ǱҪ;ɻЭ飡
˵
Э飿ʲôЭ飬δ
֣ҡͷͽкηֱ𣡡
ǽˣЭ飬˵ǱȥںҲܽǱ

дЦϣҵˣⱱҪǩһЭ飬ʵϾԱʲôǱǾôǿЦôһЭ飬ʵ˾ÿЦ
ۣûһ˿ãһжָӵ֮С
ţ˵ҲǿڵϣҲǩһЭʵ̫Ǿ֮һΪҪ±أ
֣˼š
ȴЦһţ۶Ǿⱱʵ̫ЦˣȻþǩЭ顣
˵·Χۺ޹أȻҲ˵ݣ踺ء
֣üͷչһЩһ˵ֽԶĴӱǸû뵽ȴǩһǾٳûаЭ飬ҵĻǩô
ҡͷֻǱĽȻҺϱȽϣ
ֽȥظĺˣݶǾЭ飬ǲǩģ
֣˵
Ӣ
һƬ
ȻеĴЩˣϾЦĶ
֣ڸ֮ǰһţ˵ϻ˵ˣԺţǻҪ֣ӭ


1863 ս
ߺа˹Ŀⶼţ
ţʧ룬æ˵ϣҽͣȥӰûмֻǺ˼䡭ҪһңǾ֮Ĺϵ
ˣƺЩ˵̫ˡ
ǱϳȻвȻӴȻҲϵ֮Ķ
һλ󳼱ǽⷢӵţǶû˵ʲô㵹ȼƲϵˣٺ٣ⲻνĴ˵ô
㣬ʲô˼
ţĻðɡ
֣ʱȴ˵ţΪһģֻԺǱʵҲûʲôⲢûʲôóϵģ
֣⻰ȥͦţʵ˶ף֣ѾЩţˡ
ţֻܳưͿҲǰ̾Ϊᵹһңȴû뵽ôһ仰Щ㾦˼ⱱͼʲôţ벻ס
֣ܾǩЭ֮еģصǣһʱȥһ˾ھ֮Ҳȫ㣬һȣ㣬ʵ̫ˣ⾹Ȼһţ϶ģ
ҪҷȥҲȻҪ۵ģֻڿҵЩ߿֣̫ӴҲǵ֣˼Щˣ
˵
˵㣬ȥ˼ԷʾöԷǣʱҲʱúϣӦη
ÿǣ
ҡͷǱλôھĴ󷽣㶦ҪǣȻҪƹ˷Ѽʱ䣬ҾҲùϾмǾ
˵Уżλǿ߶м࣬ҲֻоżλǿߣŻᱻǳ֮ΪǿߣȻиΪǿ漶ǿߣֻǴڸ嵱Уǰ׼Ҿм漶ǿߣǰ׼ҸλϸҪԭ򣡡
˵
漶ǿߣ
¶âƺҵһĿꡣ

ǣ
ʦϴһ˿Цݣڿ鼮̧ͷһʦ˵ʦϵı黹ǹģٿϹЦݡ
ϣģҴˣҾȻΪᷴѱʵСǼˣ
ʦ֪Ϊʲô㾭飬ΪλӸλô
˵
ʦҡҡͷ
ΪⱱǵʱǵһҵģĿ£Ծʱ飬Ҳûκι㣬û㵱ǷΣҲϽ·
˵
ʦ˵ϲ˵һˣǰͻȻڱǵУʱڳд֣ʹһЩеʱ֪󶨷ǳ֮ԣҲŻε棡
ҡҡͷǵĳҲһ֮꣬·˵мˣȴ޴ѡ
ʦű˵Ҳ֪£˵ϣǵոճΪʱһ㶼ıǵ׽Σ춼һֻиСǣɱǲٱˣʱ߲У֮Ҳ֪ΪǸСȻƾλʧˣ˻ɣҲǱӦ
ҡҡͷ֮֮ȻǱϣעҪһۣλҪôߣ
ϣ˼Ҫ
ǾȻô궼ֲʤȻҪƹ£
ҵһЩȤһ㣬Ц
£ҲֻܳΪȤ

һºλ淢һ£֮еԼѾʽһѾų
ˣ֣ѾЩ֪룬ҪһЩϼ̸ˣ
ûϵһսϾ֣սض˵
ȻΣ֣׼ƽ־ԼԴ
Ϣĺܿ죬λ˶ս
еľӪУҲһ顣
˿Ͱ߽֮ҲǹһãʵָӣѾ֪սɣ
ţ֪ûйϵô
˵
ֻǾЩΣƽʱֻЩСĦȴͻȻս˿ףһ϶Ը⣡
˵
Ҳһ˵ңѾսʱڱʽ㣬Ǳʵ¿ǻǿ̫࣡
׼λһ壬ȻŹһʱ䣬ǰ׼츳̫ǿѾмλ漶ǿ԰׼Ҽ뱱ĻñĹһĲΡ
¾ǲҲˡ
ͷսڱȷǸǧѷĺûᣬȻɣԸ֣ô
ָʲô˼ʲô֣ô
¾սĻ֣ͱȻǴˣ
˵
⡭ָӵ˼ǣӦȣ
ЩȣǵĽôܻȰ
Űɣ
㿴һ㶼żΪ֪ʼջֵġ
Ҳûв´֮ţ̤Щĵڶν뱱С
ǺܽˣûҪˣС˼Ͼ㽻ֹһΣѾ֪Լ֣Ǿʵ֣Ķá
ԭһǰ֮ϵһԼҪѾ飬֣ѾټţˣҲΪԼܿҪʧȥ֣ΣĥŶԲߣսȴֱ
ȻţҲ֣ǻԼͱϵԲԼǰⱱǡ
ȻЩίţǱ뵽˱ǵС
Ҳǽ㣬棬ʦһسС
ţ㣬ɫȫ仯ˣҿ˫ۣҲаһﲻԶŻˣ˼ܣӲһȻܹöԷ
ţս֪ǱǵΪأ
˵
ʦһԳǿǱеλ󽫣ҪҺ֮Ĺϵȡɣ
ţϽҡͷʦ˵ЦˣϴεʵһᣬֻԼһǴžĳģȫ
ţû˵ʲôҳȫѲҪұ˵ȫҲҪȫô
Ʊˡ
ϿҪͬǩЭ飡
ţ˵Ǹо˿


1864 ָ
Э飿
ʦǾȣû뵽ţȻ˵һ۱˵ϣ֮ǰþǩЭ飬Էȴ˵̫Ҫǵˣ
ţΣʵҲǴ֣˵⻰ˣҪ֪Ҫ٣齨ھĴ󷽣ֻѡȶסĻǱҲһĻҪѩϼ˪ˡ
Ҳаأ˵ţõǲǩ£ҪǩԸǩô
ţЩǣǾΣڵϦǱٲǵȵһĿǱˣ
ҪǩЭ飬ҪǱţ㵽Ҫʲô
˵
ҲЦҿţ˼ӦǱǶɹѹذɣֻǵܾǱĺ֮Щ˵ڣ
ţͷ˵öԣôһ˼ǾҪɳǿ֧Ԯǣ˵ˣȵǾԻֳ޴Ǳ
޴棿
˵˵ҵҪ֪ʲôľ޴棡
û˵ҾǾĹԲίģ
ţһºš
ȴЦһҪһӦô
˼ǣ
ǾҪʲô
ʵ
ɳǿ߰ǵ
Ǿսֶô
ȻȨȻǾѵʲôô
ţĪ
ͱȴһЦ˵ǿߣģ
ʲô˼ѵǾǱǿ߻Ҫɣ
ţ˵
˵ţĳⲻ̫Ӧ޷ȥˣ
ţа찡ⱱֱˣ֮һǺͱҪһеĻҪǴȥĻҪ֮һλøˣ
㿴ţѿı飬ҲǲЦȷʵһҪ۹⣬ˮ֮УҲҪݺթһʣΪս֮󣬱пҪⳡսͻ
ţ뿪Ҳûаʦ˵ϣ֣Ҫǰæŵ޴棬ҹо漰ǳҲ֣Ҫ֣ǲͬģսǱȴ¿ɸɣ
¿ɸɣʦǺͿþڻҳĸʵǣ
˵
ǣҪǿߣ⡭⡭
ѽôܣǾ׼ūɣ
˵㣬취ǾĺǩЭ飡
ţ
ͷ
ɻĿ㣺ѵа취ˣ
Цûа취Ͳˣսʱһ뷨˰ɣ
佱ˣ취ȷʵУ齻ʦȥУ
ʲô취ܽȥ죬Щеûţ
ʦЦ
ţȥһڵȻ󲨣ǻǳִ뷨ҪǱս֮͵Ϯȳ
ʲôȳ
Ǵ֪ӦҪ󣬾׼вǸı⣡
˵
̫ˣ㣬û뵽ֻʩСƣҾ֣һмƽ˵Ȩǵģ
ʦЩ
ҲǵͷҲû뵽㾹Ȼȼ򵥵İ취飬ЩĿ࿴СӣŵĴ
ʦЧ˾̶̼̾ʱ䣬齨űҪ͵ϮۣۺܿԻٶȷɵ˾С
ҪսʱоζԵе֣Ϣɫѿ˼㡣
һҲһķŭǶû뵽ȻҪɣСʲôֱ
ţ˵ϣǰҴżǰȥǣֻǱҪʵ̫֮˲žʹգʱҲٿ飬һ¾ԲóȨû뵽ⱱȴҪ׳нսʱ̣Ҫǵĺ͵Ϯǣ
ǿʵ
д̾˿ʱǺսͷֲ͵Ϯ¡Ǿ٣ˣ
һ˵˶̾ڱ侮ʯûһ취
֣Σ޳ܣǶôãĻϴҪǩЭʱ򣬾Ӧýǣ
ϣǺҲûаãڶѾɱʱҪǩЭ飬ֻΪԱʾǣ
ı
֣Щԡ
ϱ壬ڿΣѵʱ̣ɲаʧ
Ϊҵģ
֣˵ڱҪ͵ϮǾٵϢѾ˳ǾӦӦ
һ󳼶ûг
û֪Ӧô죿
ʱѵȥ򱱱ʾôȻǾ磬ʵȴƺֲò
֣ûһ˸ҳҲ˵ţ
ڣ
ţԵЩн
ͱһ£ǳҪǿߣʲôҪô
ûУ
ûУʱûᣡ
ʱûᣬϣ
ţ˵
Ӧǰɣ
֣ɫȥЩΡ
Ӧǣϣǹغϣ
Ǿˣ˵Щʲôô
ЩҲΣ֣ҪҲ벻õİ취
ΪһСԵа׼ѾڱҲǿڶܹ࣬ƴһ
ţϢʱ㻹ڷǰ߰˹˹תģȥûа⣬ͺһж֮һ㡣
˹˵㣬⼸ʱܸойҪͿҲ֪ô£ҲûҸˣ
ţҿ
ҲЩţ°˹ֳʲô飬ϽԼķ׭ע밬˹ڲ̽Ƭ̣˵ǹӦڵӦѾȫָˣ˹ǧʹĻҪˣ
һ仰ЦЩɬ
ҵָˣ
˹ҲһڴôҲ˵ԺҪΣյʱ̣а취ˣ

ҡҡͷ֪ǲˣ˷ܣǲúҪµģ
ģ
˹һƶ


1865 µΣ
պ;ǩЭ飬ɳǿ߽ǵĽȻǿռȨ
һϢҲʹЩ̫ǲ̫׾«ﵽʲôҩȻȨø
һʱ֮䣬ԼʱȲҲΪλ˶ʶһ
в۶˵ѾܹȼʵλӦĴ
ûȥЩȻھ¥ʱ䰲ŵĺǰڵϣҲܿճʱŮһλ棬ʱ䲻Ϊȸ̫ǿˡ
׼ҵǰЩѾڱסˣͲһʱڱǸ׼ҵУӴľʵ֮ϣ漶ǿߣҪͳ˧ǣȻѹ
ǿ߶йɰģȻҲܸܵЩ׼˴󲿷ֱͬʵȴǿ̫㣬ûԭ򣬾ΪʵûеõǵϿɡ
ӪУλ׼ҲѾ죬ǿûа飬Ƚ춼ָӣ
˵Ĺڰ׼УƨûʲôЩмûбֳ
ƺҲǸܵ˼˵ĵ⣬Ҳûа취ϾȻڹȣֻһЩǿ߳æ⼸ˣ̫Ϥ
˵㸺ǰӪеʿǿ׳ǣнչ
Ȼش˵Ұ׼ǿǵĹλ棬ôûнչŵĻָӿһ£
ҡҡͷʵܣ㸺ǰӪеʿ˵ҲǿʵչΣ
аɣҾģ
˵
ˡ
ðмʿǼʿɫѿ˵ĸǾӪеʿǽʱҲ̽ڵǣǾô̵ǵģ
ܵȼɫһ䣬ܽƱڸˣԼ棬ѵҪûн̺ô
ģǽ̵ĹǶʺϣңѾ߹ǣǻҪǣ
ǼʿһߣվǰӪе߳٣Ȼú°׼Ҽˡ
ܣǼ˾Ȼ׼ҵһЩǣǿ֪ǰ׼ҵĹֻ츳Ǳϵ˲ãĻͻֺ
˵
׼ҹᣬ֤ǳˣھӪҲ˷ʳǹؼУ
˵
ܺ˵վһû˵ƢҲһλżλ۷ǿߣȻ㡣
˵úãǼ˹ؼУƾ仰عȣ
˵
㣬ëСʲôȻ˵ΪǾӪеĸָӣͿְң㣬ǰ׼ȱģҹعȣǱ׼ɣ
ˣ˵䣡
ȵ
ҲǱŵò˵˷ôҲЩΣ˵ʵȷԼʿѵǿʺǵİ׼ҹŵ£Ӫвʿǰʿһҡ
ûǰ׼ңҲ
˵
ҧǻʲôǻȥëСǹģܣ㻹
˶תЩ᲻ð棬ڰǰ޷˵ѡǰߣ˵ǰ㣬µģҲȥֻðһ˻ȥǿ
ܣĶǿ͸ˣԺҪڹȿ㣡
ȵ
ҲΣֵܲҲ֧㰡˭ϲŮ֧أҪʱ뿪˰棬Ժ滹ܻҵô
λ׼뿪ȼλҲ˵ָӣ᲻ǺͰ׼ҵĹϵ񻯰ȻЩţ˵ס
˵ˣо棡
˵
ӾӪߵͣסŲͷ˵Ҫ˵ԲôǵĻûҪģǲͬǵĴ󣬲ӦǸ
㣬ǶϵĶӣĻǲ᲻ģ
˵
ͷ
ӣƺڿ飿
ʵ
ʿѵѾ֪ˣ飬ҪǱ鱨Ա֪ˣǽд鷳
ʲô˼ôܻд鷳أ
˵ѵǸɳǿǣ
ҲŹ֣
ҡҡͷңѾˣŵĻ㽫ʶͷųȥ
һɱˣ㣬ȵң
ӰǰʧҲ׷ȥ
ͰϵſڵʱٲȻѾһغʬȫˣƽȫԼУ±ץסɱ
һʿƺװѪ㣬Ҳǿ־˵ָӣָӣһţ
˵㲻Ҫ£ոշʲô飬Էжˣ
Ȼܹܵвǿ߽˱ǣûܳԷжˡ
ΪЩ˵Уб㻹ǿĴڣ˿ԼϢҲԾ졣
ʮȫ棬һ仰˵ֱӰε
ʿĻš
ĸǿߣȻôײУ
˵
üˣӪǵɽ֮ƣ
˲ͷʶǻþӪûгʲô״ЩǿߵϢȴǾھӪС
Ͱ淵ؾӪӪУʿҲһѵûоκΣ
ʱһӰȴڿг֣ʿһںϮӪ
еľӪȻʿڵѾˣߺߣ׼˻ǺȻԸ㣡
ʮӰУһ˿Х
Щʿ̫Ƕһ㣬ǾеʮˣǸ޷Ӧ
ʱͰҲǷУʿǿǸȶסԼ顣
㣬ǵ㣬Ǻܾˣ
һλ˵
ȵǵ˭Ȼڱɱ¾
֪˭ֺαأС㳤õ绨ֻǿϧߣˣҪģ
Ͼţ˵ˣô죿ɱ
ٺ٣磬˵ǣ˵թˣҵЩˣǵʵҲܲģ

ܣ
һЦǷѾĻⱱ鷳ǲӦսĻǲǻʧô
㣬СģǶ֪˭
澯
һʮˣһûг֣ûв´ĻӦþǵɱ¾ʮɣ
˵


1866 ɫ
λĺڰ
ϵΪܣŲơɱ¾ʮ֯Щ֯ǷȻ˭𡮼Ǯ˭ܹΪ񣬵Ǻ͵ϵһЩӶơ
ôɱ¾ʮΪҪǿȻҪһˣߺߣǵҲȤ
Ц
Щȫǽϵĺڲ˺һ˵СӣȻ鶼һҲûõģֻǴѾȥɱˣٺ٣ΪǵĿô
ˣ
û뵽ԷĿľȻǱ棬ߣ
ߣûôף
ʮӰͻȻȫûΪɫſѪڳ˳ȥ
Ҳǵһʱ佫Ѫ񵶰˳˸Ҫסһ㣬ЩɫҲЩеѳ
Ҳǵһ˿ɣȻڰյͣ
㣬ǣп¡
浣ǵ
ԸҵֱǶԵģڸȥҲûãȶԸЩɣ
˵
ͷʮ˵Уȫھżλǿ֮ϣȻû漶ǿߣλھżλǿ۷˶λ²Ƕ֣
СĲԣǻ־ܣĻ׼ǵĿУ
һֻɫѪڵд
ʮȻܹܵǰѳҲֻ΢΢ɣ㲻ٺ£ϾʮˣǴ漶ǿߣɱ֮Ȼǻϣûа֮ǡ
ûʲôµģһȺˣ
˸Ŀ⣬֪ʱҪסĻǻ۰档
˫ֽѪ񵶣һǵŷʮֻɫ𶼲׽ĵ棬ϾѪ񵶣ڵķ׭ǿ󣬾ʮˣ
̬Ҳ˲̤Ź鲽ǻûһڿз裬ЩҲʹʮֻɫ𲻸
׼ҵŮˣ
ɲˣǽӵʱɲ֪а׼ˣģҪǶ༸׼ˣǻҪȥ
ǶȻǾñƭˡ
ʮֻȻĻͱҲˣ
սѪڿһ㣬նʮЩȻżλǿʵǲû뵽ĵȻôֲ
СӣӦҲһżλ۷ǿߣ˵ĵѾӽˣ
Ȼǿĵ֮£ȴֵ
һʱ֮㾹ȻЩˣ»С
ǵеġɱ¾ʮ𡯣۽ӵʮһģνӵɱǱΪǳɣû뵽ʵԼеĳʵ̫¡
ʵϣҲû뵽ûеôǿȫƾһʱƣʵЩĿޣҲִֻܵ˼λ۷ǿߣϷ׭ԸżλǿӦòѣڶԸżλ۷ǿߣǻЩѶȣֻǰʮֻɫ̫δսγѪ񵶾Ѿʼ£ټϰ׼˵ĴڣԷˣҲԲŹŻԷĻᡣ
飡
ٴλһֻɫӿл䣬Σ嶼ܿѪգȻƲᡣ
Ͼţ
Сӵĵʵ̫ˣ
ǵϵĺɫжЩ־壬ģԸոնŻϰ벽
Ӧõˣǲ뿪
һֻɫ˵
ߣ
Ͼô죿
ߣ
ֻɫٶȷɿ죬ֱӽϵġϾšߡ
ȫߣͰû׷ȥ濴㴭˿ڴҲ˵ôˣ㾹Ȼƣ
ٲߣҲסˣҽȫȫͷųˣ
˵
ոȫƾһǻѪһƲźͶԷôãһһˣҲǶѣߣԼȷѧ̫ණϿܻиƷֵѧϰ
û뵽ĻԻڵϵһЩåƷúѧϰһ
ϵУʦǻҲǼ㣬ϲˣ⡭
ϲˣ
ǵģҽӵϢ˴Уɱ˲ٳϣ˭֪ȴǲ֪䣬һǲߣ¡
㲻ü
˵ûκʧѾˣ
ģ
ʦоϲǿУ˽ϵûа㲻õı飬Ȼƽһ˵ǷҶ֪ˣӦеһɳ飡
ʦ˵ϣû£Ҿͷˣ飬һ˲̽һˮʯ
ˣǡɱ¾ʮ𡯸ɵģھӪУѾˣ
˵
Ҳǵͷ
˵⻰Ҫʲô飬Ǻһʵһ㣬ƺ϶һһ㡣
ʦЩɱʿĺºúô£ڡɱ¾ʮ𡯵˭ģ˵Լ㲻Ҫʦȥ졣

λھԼĵط
һĵطҲĽڵ£ֻλüɭǵϣһ̦޺
ʮֻɫɿ˻ȥǴУһЩѪеļһҲЦû뵽ɱ¾ʮ𡯾Ȼˣ֪֪ڽʲôأ
ʮֻɫһűͣǻΣϾش˿ѾûѪˣǵеĶ˵֪ûɱȻڻûлЩģ
İɣ漶ǿߣʲôô֣
ɵԲȻϾˣҲ̽ʵȷʵ
֣Ȼûиǰ׼˾ȻǾӪУɱ˰׼ˣǿɾԲŹǵģʱ򡭡
ˣ֣бϾҪĶ֮Ժ󲻺򽻵ǣ
ʱ䣬ҲӦûˣ
Ͼ˵
꣡
űĴűƿűҪʮ˵Ѫܴ򿪣ǾԽģԣǴˡ
Щϲ⣬Ȼʱ˵㣬ֻҪ˾ͺá
Ȼǿű˻ѪûаɫվǰʱԺоȻһƬհס
磿ұأ㡭㵽ôˣ
Ͼ˿ڻûиԭ˵


1867 ʵ
ɱ¾ʮ𣬵һڰһֱִиѶȺܴ
δɱȻҲѶȼ
ʧˣ
ɥʧұ۵Ѫ˵
ʮȫȻʧɫ磬˵ʲôʧˣ㾹Ȼûɱô£ûɱҲԲܻ˵İѶǰ׼˴
֣ҿ׼˵ʱ򣬾ѾҪ֣ǧˣҲƭ
ǰ׼ˣǣǱ
ȫϵѪڵϣ˶˶Щη塣
ǵĴ磬Ҳɱ¾ʮе죬еľ䡣
ɱʮ˶ȥ˵עֻ˲ȥɱġ
ֱնϵģ
Ͼʵ
˵ͷȻǿ־֮ɫ˵ôҲû뵽ȻһǿߣҸĶ֣ŹңѾˣ

նϴһۣ찡ⱱ˭ôӵôǿʵҪôΪαΪѸٷչģ
Ҹոոϵʱ򡭡
˲˷Ž뱱Ļ䵱С
ȻϿ鼮У
˽˽λǰʷҲаô
鼮кƽĿһʱ֮䣬оȻһ˿⣬ô£ǱϰˣڶܲôܻҲ⣬һǴ
ɱˣѵ㲻ô
ΪҪ£
ɱ㣿
ҪһֻµĻҲˣ
ȥܵЩ£˵֪˭
ɱ¾ʮ죬ֱ
еʶһ۾ϳҵˣɲǺܶ࣡
˵ֻҽȡģ
˭ģ
˵֪ԷɱԼġ
Ҫô֪ΣҪ
֮ǰҲӦе֪ȨɣϾѾǸ˲ô
˵
ǵȻûֱܴѳȥģ֪˭ҪɱҲûϵ֣ΪǱĽ룬Щɵʱû;սΪӦǱǿǣԾ𡭡
ֱû˵꣬ǱƺûԸȥ˼ֱ˵ôȥˣںѡ˾ôЩ֮ҲȷʵȽ鷳ǵãɱˣõڰʯ
ֱӦ㽫ңĻǻزȥˣ
˵
ߣ㵹ǿȻ˵һزȥ
ֱЦʱ䲻ˣɱ㣬Ҹպûȥ
͵ҪֵʱͽȻԼȻһ޿ֲĺڰռ䵱С
ڰռ䵱У·˫۾Щ۾һֱëȻ
ô£⾿㾿˭㲻ӵôǿģܣ
ռ䵱ûǵֱҪѳȥʱȴǸоЩռ䵱е۾Ȼȥ
һŴһҪɵֱ˺ۣұҲЩ۾ҧϡ
󣬿ռ䵱гһӰǱŵĮԺִʱýԷϲĻ֪ôģȥ

磬ǱȻ˿ֲǵڰռ䵽ʲôȻ漶ǿ߶شˣ
Ҳ֪λܹԸǱĿָ
ֱ˵ұ۶ѣ֣ɸǵ޷ˣǲҪ֣ʵ飬˵һʱǡɱ¾ʮ𡯻ڵӴκ񣡡
ǣ磬֣޳ܣǾӪа׼ҵˣҪɱ˰׼ҵˣҲѲģ

ֱֻ̾˿û˵ʲôˡ

Ѿָ򣬾ӪУЩ㣺ûоⰡɱ¾ʮĴ粻ȥ׷ɱôôһ鶼ûУ
ҡҡͷҪ룬ӹ˽Ҳã
㣬뵽飬ô벻һ֪ЩʲôĻôң
˵
Цڵͦ˽ҵģǲ̫ܺӽˣĻ챳ͱһҾˣ
ޣң֪Ϊʲô
˵
ţӦòͨˣ
˵
ʲô˼
ǿߣ漶ǿߣ
ɣ
澪ȵ
Ҫǿó飬ô
ôģ
й¶
˸ӣȻҲ棬Իȥˡ
˹ھ¥൱У鶼Ȥȴϲ˳ա
¥ȻҲгԷĵطʦڰ˹ҲǼأʹ˹ھǸɫŮ飬Ҳа
Ϊ˭֪˹ķ䵱пסǵľָ㣬˹ҲǴڳʦѧ˲ٲʽ
صʱһ󷹲ζϻһ׾ƣ˹ϴЦݣ㳢ѧ˺öأ
㿴˿ûעλķˣڿ͵ϵĲ̫࣬˹ļʽҲǵϵĻˣȻûʲôرģ㻹Ǹܵ˲ůٰ˹ڵȫһͥΪ
Ȼ˹޷ǰ飬ǵλŮʼԼĵʱﻹŲٵϲøС
㳢˳ζȷʵ֤˹˹ģһĻŸԳԵģǰԴҲ벻˹ɽģ⻹ǸɱԶҳԱ˹أ۾գһµŮֽôǻῪЦ
ƺõĿ϶˹ǸԵǵĹһЦݸӲã˵㣬ΪʲôǰҪԷģ
ҡҡͷз׭֧ţԲ̫óԷ˯Ҳûϵ߲Уǵ̫һתԻҪһ㶫˯һģ
Ŷ
˹գ۾˵ҪԺÿ춼ԣ᲻ҷҪҷĻҾͲˣ
˹ϵıܿɰҪ̱˹ڣ˵˹Ըÿ춼ҳԵĻһһʣµģҶĳŵ
ͣ
˹˵ôı鰡㣬㲻Ҫһ쵽űչòã㣬һ
һɫ𣿡
㣬㾹ȻȡЦҡ
ˣ֪ǵȣ߻ħҴӦ㣬һעģҲɫϾҲôʰ
Ц
˹ȻЩŭȴһҲû˼Ҳ֪ΪʲôоһͺܿģĲˣůůġ


1868 ̥
ϳǣ
֣ϣɫЩѿȻոյõϢǺһλ˵ϣȻȻɱ¾ʮ𡯵жʧˣ
֣ҡͷʧˣֱ˵ʱҪչأˣ
ʲô˼ڶѾɱϢѵǸɵģ
˭Ҳ֪ʲô˸ɵģǡɱ¾ʮ𡯸ɵģΪβɱ
еĴǶ˼С
ţ˵ϣǱûô򵥵ģǾһɱ¾ԺҪԸûôˣҶ֪׼ѾҪڱˣɳǿ߱Ӧò̫ѣ
׼ң
֣ȭͷǹⲻߡɱ¾ʮ𡯰׼ѾھӪУû뵽ûɱ
ǰ᲻Ϊԭ򣬡ɱ¾ʮ𡯲ˣ
ӦǣӦòѡʱɱɱ¾ʮ𡯲ҲͰˣǴӦǵĺڰʯһҲҪǣ
ǵģǲгŵȻҲҪгŵ
ڰʯǵеĺڰҪõĶһľʯͬڰʯокǿҵĺڰ̶ܴȼӿٶȣȻҲаħֵҲв̶ͬȵĸãǼȻǺڰͲںôࡣ
˫Լŵǡɱ¾ʮûɱҲһڰʯǣǾûҪгŵ
ϣȥӦò׿սˣϾǣ浽˱еİ׼ңǶܼɵҿӦð±ǾǸոϮǸеĵģ
ԱĴһ֪εɵģӦ벻Ѿڰο˵һģ
֣˵
ǱеĻһᰵЦ̫档
ţ黹ǽ죬ⱱ㶼Ѿ˼ΣƢҲһٺò
ǣһã
ţͷ
еĴ󳼶ЩмЦЦţʱͱϥҹ̸ˣֻǻţܺԼͣǧҪ˵Щʲô
ţŴִӣǻǹܺԼͰɣţϵģ£
ţУԴһк֮ڵһЩ󳼱Ϊ棬ٶҪԴţ֣ʼȱΣһʱҲûκδٹ֮ҪͱǴͨϵ֣ǲţ
ԽǺͱ򽻵󳼾ԽǻţϾЩ֮ϵǺܼҵġ
ţȻ߿ǵִﱱǿʦʱϻǹЦݵģʦĻ֣Ȼ̫ţţϾҲǾʹߣұ;˵׻ѣҲǴţеֻбһˣûпӰ˿ǸħھͺˣĻҿǲκηɡ
µݲ裬ݲĹ̺רģʦţվһԣаű
Ҳʦľ飬ȵѲݺã¶Цݣʦ˵ϣţˣ
ͷһ裬һţţÿζرȷʵˣǱϵȵĲҶȻҲǱõʦݳĲˮƷһ
ţң
ţЩȻû뵽ⱱȻȲ衣
ңΪβңѵҵĲˮжɣ
ǣ϶ˣðɣƷһ
ţӹ豭רҵһڣԼƽʱҲϲ裬㾫ͨеһЩȻҲһ˵ϣţϲⱭ裬ȷʵţȹζصһ
ģ
ʵ
ţҲ˵輼Ƕˣ
ţ˵
ţţڿ˵ϲڻҪɱô
ϣţʵʵ˵ѣ
ţţǱν£
˵
ǸոշϮ¼ҲʮǣԲŻ˽һ£
ţ˵
ʦҲǵͷ֣ͦģû뵽ôǱǣϣţλ˲پƷ
ʦ˵һѣҲǵͷţȥҸлϵĺ⣬Ѳż飬Ϯ¼ѾƵĴ˺£֣ǰ֤˵ӣ
ţͷ뵽ɸԲˣΪ˲⵽еһЩС˲¼ɣҹǸ˻ȥûеƬ̹±ڱ˵ͱߵ̫
ţ뿪֮ʦҲϲ˵ϣǲУҲֻǻ˹οǣ
֣Ǻ⣿
ΪȻ˵
⣬Ҳ˵ǣʱ򿴵ܵˣ
ʦǰĻ˵һȻ෴Ļ
ôܣҿɲָλϣ˴ӦûھӪУ
ҪҴģ
ҿɲϴģֻҲˣ
Ǻãˣվһţ˵Щʲô
˵
ܿ˴㣬߻ĸպñʦ˵ɾھӪʿѵҲǺͰܿ
ϴЦ⣬ոţ㣬Ȼû˵ʦĵ顣
ôʦҲǲ㣬ɲ֪ţ˲پʣ̬Ⱥܺá
ţʦϴοڱǰţţû뵽ֻЩʱգʦţ̬Ⱦôĸı䣿
˵
ʦΣ㣬Ϳ˵˵ԼĿɣʱʱȡЦң
ðɣ飬һ벻еĸɳǿ߸ɵģڿѾˣ
˵
㣬˵Ǿɵģ
ʦ۾
ʦѵ뷨ô
ϴЦ⡣
濴ʦεı飬ҲǾúЦʦ뷨ǽȻ෴

ʦЦ˼Ȼ˵ңҲǺһ뷨ţǻǸ꣬ģӦȻԸǱǣ
üʦǰţΪǣұɼô
ϣҿɲң
ʦһʵҲǸոͨû뵽ֱ˵ˣԺԼҪٸԼĿ෴ķȥ
˿ʦϵı飬ҲЦ˳󣬱ĿﵱƺһɺŷеնЩͬˣ㣬Ӧʲôʱ򽫾


1869 ŭ
ʦ⻰סͣʶĿܣûˣϿʲôЦҿȻ˵ֻ֮һۺ񣬸ƣôģҪͽˡ
ΪϿһЦ˭֪㻹ԳĻʮ٣Ƕ֣
ƨĵģ
ʦﰵѹϻô㣬ƨҲĵްԳֲʲôǿߣӮʲô
㣬۾䣬һЦ㣬㻹ǻῪЦҪԳʿôҵǻᵱʲõģ
֪ʲô˼ҲûҪҴϾһ漶ǿߣȻ㣬ɲ˵
˵Ҿ˼ԶսĻǱǿ߻һǰֱ

㣬Сӣ˵׼ھӪзϻȥˣ
˵
вʿǽ̵ңҲû˼ھӪн̵ʿ
мҷо棬Ҳǵ׼ҪڱĵģΪĻǻǿҵìܣ
ˣֻǰǶϵĶӣԸϲΪʵ
˵
Ҳǵͷ۰׼ҰﲻǣǶҪµģ
ʦôãŷֱɲڿЦֶԸٵļƲߣʦ˵ϣǿƣҵǶȻҲϵҪԸǣϼѣ
ǱԸ٣뻹Ǻ֮Ĺϵȴɣǳ룬Ѵ֮
˵
γ룿ϳǿǽ䱸ɭϣҪ룬ûܵģ
ʦ˵
˵֣ΪʲôɳԸǱΪûжԸǣǾõӦñǿΪûӣԲŻѡɱ
ʦͷ
˵սûκΰ취ֻܼǵİԣǻƽʱٱǣĻͻȻϳǣпܷӦĹô
ǰǿ϶ӦģǱ÷Ѷ󾢾ܽռˣ
ʦĺܡ
˵ǰ׼ȻǹؼֻǲܶԸе壡
ͷҲϣҾ
û˵Ѿˣô죬˵㣡

ȣ׼ҡ
ǰѾ˹ȣ׶ȴڱչصУΪʲôô磬Ҳ֧֧ᣬⲻ˵
ڸ׷⣬Ϊ׻ҪչصģȻҪ뿪ʱ򣬷ȴǴˣˣʱӦڱǵľӪô
׳ҲھӪзıһ汾֮˵ףǲŵĻȥʰǣǿǶľ
ϾͰһӣͶ۰мѣ飬ﻹ±˵㣬ȻҶϳӪ˵ǱеǣҶһưͿУȥҴ磡
ףҴϣôܻǣ
ô᣿ˣôǣ
ǸҲҪ֪ߵ˭ǰ棬صĵӣҲΪ㣬˵ᷴأ
˵
ӣ˵Ķԣ黹ǲܸߴ磬ĻҲһƫ˽ģѾˣʹȥӪֻعߣ
ð
ǰҪĽаЦ㣬ҪΪǱеľͷĿҾͲ㣬ߣҽҰϳҾͻľӪȮ

ھ¥ù˹ķˣҲЩ㷹ζ˹Ц㣬ȻҼǲǰʲôҺϲҾһУԺҲǲʲôҲûϵ
ǹȥ㣬ڵ㣬Ҷϲ
˵
ˣ˭֪˵ǲģ
ȻģҿɲƭŮӵģ
˵
˹ҲһĳԴ˵ǴλԺ󻹻᲻ҪǻĻǸȥ
û뵽˹ʣ⵹ҲҪϾǰǰ˹ԼȥδϤǺӵеλ棬Ȼڰ˹ɥʧǰļ䣬Ȼ鷳
ûð˹ģ֮ԺҾͶˣ
˹ȻͷȥҾȥ
ʱüͷ΢΢ƺǷʲô״˹Ҫȥһ˾Ӫ
˹뿪۾ҲһգһգôļӣӪһǷ˲õ飬ҿûȥӪأҲҪȥ
˹תһ룺Ҫ֪ȥӪô죬Ͼɥʧǰļ䣬һӾͲˣ
ĺܣ뵽ǿֻҪһϢ֪ˣûңôأ
ôˣ
˹붼ûüʰӪ
ǲܴ󣬾ӪģӪⲿܶ࣬Ǹ޷̽⵽˹Ĵڣһգ۹򣬰˹Ѿ˾Ӫڲ
Ӫвʿѵţ˹ҲޣôľӪȻľЩʿҲܸߣ
˹Ӫڲٶ죬һûĸʿܵĴڡ
ӦûָӻҵУ
˹뵽ǰһܴĽҪָӻҲС
ʱҲǸܵһӰȻҲһô
üͷ𣺡Щһ˭ƾʲô
ЩһﵱУҲƺо˰˹ĴڣףӪƺмǿ֮ˣ
ǿ֮Σֻعģ̫࣬ҲǱǿߣ
ǣ
ǷٽҵС
˹ҲǰǾȻֻعģѹɫҴңΪǣ
飡
˹ǼһžͽҵĴ߿һ˵㣬ȻھӪУû뵽϶չã㾹ȻҶһ˵߳Ӫ飬ǳϻǲϣ
ϣ
ĶΥͣõ
ߣ㣬ϱãȻ㽫Ҷôұ㵱Ĳµ棬ѵһ֪֪ʲô
˹վڻҵĲԶҲǴвãЩһҪ鷳ģֲôУҪ㣬һ˶Ը⼸̫Կˡ


1870 ս
˹Ҫ֣Ȼʱȴϣ㲻Űһ֮ʣھӪнǰ׼ҹҽʿʿңиԼĹŽģ
ҲڻҵУҪûĻҳȥɲǱ¶Լ٣Уٵȵȣ
˹
ҵУǽš
˶Щˬ
ףͺ˵ˣôܻأ
Ц
ſڴƻƣʵΣ֪ûнߴϣʦҾĪ
˵
ʲôûߴϣǴģ
Դ˵
϶΢΢Щˣʱ̣ҲԲǣʵϣô
ǵģǴģ
ƭˣϲǺģ
棬㾿Ҫ㣬ʼǰ׼ˣ첲һֱվˣǽѵ㣬òҪ֣
ȵ
汻Ҫޣ𾴵ĴϻĬ顣
㵭˵棬㲻ҪѹĴϲ˵˵ģ
ĮҪѵң
һףȵ㣬Ҫ쵱вµ棬ҿȥҵǸһصӪĻһὫ˫˫ŴϣԶҲزӪУ
û뵽ԼӾȻôǶһˣҪϵͷϸҲˣ˫˫ţðɵġ
̫ˣΪǰ׼ˣжϣ㾹ȻҲѡͰۣͬǣǽǰ׼ҵȫˣ
濴ǰһľʵİ׼ˣۿͨ죬ûܸܵѹ
棬һȥĻҲ㲻ģ
ȵ
ʱҲȵָӣʵ̫һǺ빲ʵǿΣ
ҲЦɣδЩ̫Լ˰ɣϲɵĻҵǲҵģ

ȵλ̫Сڲߣǳȥ
ӰһʧڻҵС
ʱе˶ȥ
˹Ӱ˳Ҳ˵аСǲҪȻҪɣ
׳ηӪк㿪սڿгЩѵʿȵЩѵʲôҽǾӪеϴĹڵϣ
Щʿô£ǿոŵİҲЩ֪롣
д󲿷ʿʶģǻûõһ죬û뵽λȴҪԸ㣬֮󣬾ȻҪĹڵϡ
һʱ֮䣬ʿУǶҪ֪ôһ£ȻҲ뿴ôԲѵġ
㣬㲻ǾżλǿߣҰȴǾżλ۷ǿߣұǿ̫࣬ԲҵĶ֣
ȵ
ҲУ˵ˣ֪صȣν
ҪʲôֻҪˣҵĿȥõĽ
ڤ粻飡
ĵгһĨɫ棬ڤĻ𣬿ɫ⣬ǰҲЦҲǳһĨɫ档
һɫ֮ʢ漱æȵ㣬ǰ׼ҵľǼƷҪģ
ֵǲҲΪͷų˺ң
ġ
ȴǲţͫ׵ʢɫʱͻ׾
˶ȵеĻ涼һԷ
䣡
Ҫɻһ㣬ײ֮ǿԱ
ЩʿЩΪ͵۾ЩĹâ۾
ȵ۾Ȼλǿ߸ţƺûа仯
ƺЩ嶯û뵽ոʩչ𣬾ȻԼľƽ֣֮ǰΪһǾܹöԷ׾ġ
ʵееĻΣӣ
˵
ͷ㣬û뵽ʵеҪǿҸ˵ûҪԸûô׵ģǣȻҰĶ֣Բǣ
Լ
ЦѾʼôܺãһս֮Ϊ׼ĳ裬ĸףۣ
ȥ
۾ͨ죬ɱġ
˫ƻ֣
ǰ׼ҹ֣˫־вϼһ㣬ϼʱͻ̬ʱ̬ʽϬǰ׼ϵȹ
ҲǺȭû⣬Ծżλ۷ǿ߰òԼѪҺȫ
ǰ쾭ɱ¾ʮһսΪҲͻͽ⼸ҲԼʵ˺ܴĽ
ŵɳ
ǵȥ֮ʱҪԼóѣڣȡ衣
䣡
˫ȭžҵ磬ڿкͰ˫ȭ֣û·硣
ҲöԽԽļºڣҪܣڿԽԽˣСӣ³ç
ʱ򣬰ܳСܶϣֿ˿棬˵ϣ
ţܣôڲ
챻ʦȥˣû뵽һȻôһĻ
Ѿ˽Ḷ́ϣʵ㣬飬ʵǼˣ̬̫ˣûнŽӪʵϣѾǰ׼㹻ˣ
ʲô
˵ܣҪ˵ĻΣʲôˣˣ
ûп˽Խ׼ҹЩʿǵд󲿷ΪʲϹҪ󣬲ңʹӪҳһţ
˵
˵ĺͰһƭңƾʲôǣ
Ϻȵ
ʱ򣬾ǰ˵࣬Ҳаš
Ͼӣ涼ţôŰܣοܺͰ˵һΪƭ
һ˵ܣʱˣϲǵģ˵ȫǲ԰׵ģŰɣһܰģʱ򿴰ţ
ߣ
һ
֮ľȷ԰ԽԽң̬ԽԽΪԼҪ㣬׾٣ȴû뵽еҪǿ̫࣬ûһ㡣
ԽԽǸ꣬Լոտºڣȴǻûܣɶˡ
㣬һжҵģҰҪɱ㣡
˵
ʱϵĶҲǾҪʲôΪҪʩչ׼Ѫ


1871 Ů
ʲôȻǡ׼Ѫ
оȣȵ㣬ʩչˡѪɫԼ嵱бǰ׼뿪Ļ룡
ȷʵǱƵͶ·ȥûаʤ㣬Ҫ㣬ΨʩչѪɫԼٻ׼˵塣
ȻѪɫԼиõģ۾ǰҪٷ֮ʮľѪѪٻΪѪ
ҲǶ𾪵ԭ򣬵ǰѾʩչѪɫԼֹ
㿴Ǳһ˫ûһ˿ɫǱ긽壬֮бǿ
ǰ׼ȷʵ
һ˿ȡ
ٿأĵл棬ʩչҪǿ̫࣬ҵֵķʩչ
ʧˣ
˵
ȴüͷ壺㣬ǻһЩϡŹֵĹķѪٻ꣬Ѫɣ
һûгɹ˫ȭȻǰ׼ȭʩչȴǱǿ˲֪ٱ
ȭʩչ˷ķ㣬ܲһȭؿڣߵɶЩӿ׹ȥ
ӵŰ׼ڵİҲ漶ǿߵʵ
Ƕ֡
㣡
Щţϣðסְɣȥɣʱ͸ô
ҶѪĴۣѪ㲻Ҳˣ
Ϻȵ
˭ɱ㣡
ڴʱһ
һüͷһ壺˹ôˣû£㲻Ҫ
㻹û£ͷ˵ҪѪˣҵҪ׼浽жô
˹ƾճ֣ʹжġ
رǰ棬û뵽˹ʵôǿȻ֮ǰûиܵ㰬˹Ϣ
Ůˣ
ȴҡͷŮ˵ʲôʵȻҿڳԣ׼ŮܶԸģ
㱻һȭشʱڿУȫɢɫâ÷׭ˡ
Ǳ˹һ㣬Ҫɱ㣬˹ǰȻһһǰͫ׵ǿ˿־壬ȭֵȻû뵽ǣ˹Ǻ嫵Ľһ㣬ֹ
䣡
徹Ȼڿ׹䡣
ֻһ˹ǽһ㣬𺳣Ҳǻðƽء
ϴǰסˣƬ̰ϻָһ˿Ѫɫ˵ףأûУ
㱻ɱˣĵ
Ϻȵ
ܣʩչˡ׼Ѫ㲻Ҷ֣
Ƕ֮ļʧˡ
ȻȻվ֪Լʧˡ
֪ǣܰ׼Ĳ㣬ǰ˹
Ұ׼ȻܣŮޣִҪĻҲȻҪˣ
Ϻȵ
ףܵģ
ϵͷһûҧ˵ɱܣǶǰ׼治ɱǣǶǺöӦ
ֱ֣Ҫɱ㣬ҿʲô£
˹ȵ
ôһ˲䣬Ⱜ˹úǰһɱϣ費
ϷУɱⰻȻĵУһɫͰܶûпԳ֣˶ϵʵ˺ֵز
Щİ˹Ĵڰ˹УϵĶȴǻ
ʵҪɱ㣬ǿЦ
嶼ûжǶϳʱٴκ֮ǰһһƣĵУǳһ֮֮ȻֱӽɳȥȻûкͰôЩ׹ȥһ֮ȻҲѾֳʤ
ôܣ
ǿ־壬Ⱜ˹һƽܣӵźε
ףȻˣ
š
ȵһҪ㣬ӪҳҲΪУ
ɫ԰ףһѪɫûС
Ȼ֪Լǰ˹Ķ֣ޱ飬ʱһӰȴͻȻǰ
磡
ϿǰˣгԾ
Ҳ˵ϣ
ˣ
ܾϲȻʹ㣬û뵽ؼǣİ֮˰ܲġ
˵ȷǴϣЩŭеʱ򣬷ɣ˹ˣҲ˵ҲԸô
˵Ǵϣ˺ҵģ
Ŷ
˹ͷ
㣬û뵽Ұ׼˻ɳȻ֮£ǰ׼ҼȻѾѡڱǾָӣȻܹ֧ڱİ׼ˡǺ϶δ뿪ȵļһ﾿Ҫȥҿ»ҪһעҪ¼׼ʷĳ֮£
˵ڿ֪
ϣҡҺδ֮У
δ֮У
ϸһ˦˹ȥŶϵ棬ӪеʿаǿָӱĻ棬ǵ˶ˡ
֪

Ĳ˵
ž
һơ
վڰԶĶ鶼ң֪Ƣģ׷𣬵һײϡ
֪
֪ϣ㲻Ҫˣ͵ЩʿҺҽǰ׼ҹң˵£ҲҳһҪҽĿľҪѵ㣬Һɱģʩչ˰׼Ѫ
ʹ
ϱƣʺİӡĿģǹɻʹУĴ
һеĶЩˣ˵磬ңҲˣ̫ˣҸ׼ˣ
ҪǸҲӦң
ҡͷ
Ͽ㣬˵ӦýܵǸ
κͿˣҺСӶԲǣǽӪϳҡ
ɫΡ
˵ʵҲûʲôϣ֪˺ģϣͦ
ҡҡͷƺʲô˵뿴һۡ
˹վԣ˵оǲʲô
ôأ룬ոտŮӢһΣ
ŮӢۣ˵Ӣۣ
Ȼ˭
ȻܿģȴЩᣬ˹Ϊ˾֣֪ڵ᲻Զܲע⣬ҪЩ˵Ļ鷳ʹˡ
㲻ڰ˹ǰֳΪڵİ˹ǰģھǸСŮһֻʱҲᱩ߰ˡ
ţû뵽Ӫô֣ʱ仹ӦöӪ߶߶
һʹ˵Ŀⶼ۽ϡ


1872 ָ
˵ȻǱĻ˭ǸھӪгԼΪҪЩʿץɡ
ϿҲһϣ
ͷ˵׼ҴϷȻдҷ緶һˣ
ϣҹ̲ܽϣǾӪ鷳ˣⲻȥ
˵
ҡҡͷӪе飬ѽ㣬ûйʲôй֮ϣҲǵһǱУһۣ
ԸϷԸ
ʼչ
Ӫеʿл˸ѵĵط˶
Ҳʮ־شϣûаεվУҪεȻǰ
ǾӪҵϢǺܿҪԶˣϣΪٴ˵Բ𣡡
˵ǰ׼һûʽû뵽ȴǳôһ飡
磬ûŪ飬е
˵
ף֪Ҵˣ̫ţܱ
ǰ׼˻˼ұΪദܶණҪԼȥŻף
˵ûô鷳ӪһܳΪһ£
£
׼˶Ǿ¼ңû˼
ʦ˵ѵΪˣΪǱ̫ģ
ʦ˵һΣ
˵ֻдսһǱźóû¾٣ǾӪңʹ¶ĶԸ٣
˹ҲУ˵㣬ٲ֮һǣ
˹Щ棬ͷиǾˡ
Ҳ˵ϣҪ;ٿսǰ׼ˣǲԹԣ췢飬ҲԲٳˣȥúü֣
д仰ҾѾˣұа׼绢Ҳʧģվָλһ
֤
һ־磬ջǲճˣ˹ھӪչֳĿֲɱҲ˵顣
ȻҲֻһ˻ᵣİ˹ͷųɵĺӰ죬˹жǿȴ֪ԼٲӿĻԺ˹ǻʩչŮӢ۵Ĺ»ٴݣɲϣԼһֱһŮ˾ȡ

ǾӪҵ飬ܿ촫ԶС
ڣϢ˼Ŀ飬ȻֵĲʱȻǵѣĻǽҪΧصӰ졣
鴫ĵ죬ӭجġ
ǵеһƫԶСռˡ
ҲսĻ
ϳе棬ѾһƬ
ǶζԸĲԡ
ϣӶ߽棬Ųǿߣ漶ǿ߶УǴһֲ
֣һƬã֮ɫȻ֮ǰ˲ٶԸİ취û뵽սһԴһƬհף½˱㡣
ϣԤıҲб֣׼ѾǾӪ֣֣٣ǩЭ飬ǣ˵ɱǴֲ
ţ˵
֣ǰһǱȻǰӪңа׼ʵСǣţǰȥǣԮ
ϣ
д˵
ţʲô飿
ϲҪǣЭ鵱һܹؼǾǵǿ߿ǣҿܲһ㣡
һôǣΪ飬ϴҲڵίСɱ¾ʮ𡯴ɱֻû뵽Ҫһʱ䣬ڣѵͷѵǾΪһ㣬ҪԮҪ֪ǵӦǳ˵Σ
ϣ޳ľеǸţľһ棬쵼ǿߣò
֣ͷˣţͷһˣ
ţϷģ
ţͷ
ţִﱱʱ򣬱֪ΪʲôǱװ⣬ţ֣뷨֮˵ţǼȻӦ;ٹͬԸ;ԲʧԼȻϣҲԼǱǵָͳ
㱱ģѴӦһʱָʱ
̣
ͷ
ţӪУվڲٳ֮ϣ֣ҲЩϲȻЧʼ졣
㣬ţѾˣҪ̶ˣ
˵
ţѾý죬αضʧ
˵
ǰвٰ׼ˣЩ˾ϴ飬Ҳصĸ㣬κš
ָӣҪֽϳǣ
һԣ
һˣ
ţǣָӣһԸǣһֻ֣²ɣ
ܣţٿ˳ǧľӣֻһˣʵţѽԼġ
ţǲǱʵ
ҡֻǡ
ţ룬ǱǰŴдҵϢھȻң
ţЩǰ׼˵ˣ
˵
ȻǰͰϵҲѾ˳㣬ƷǷţҲǸżλǿߣʱܸܵһӴѹԼӿҡͷǣָӣϣܹǵֵסǵĹƣ
ţ
˵
ǿߣȷʵ㾫ѡĸ֣Ͼڸɵȥϳǵнϵ˸ǧҲ޷ġ
ȫУٶȵִϳǡ
ţڣûаǣܿ죬ϳǱǵˡ
ϳǾĶǣҲǾĵشǱ߾ڿսȴʱ򲻵
Ȼ䱸ɭϡ
ţȥһ˾Ӫ
˵
ţͷ
ִϳеľӪӪеĲٽ춼Ѿôһ¡
ţ˵λָӣǾǿȫҪĵǲΥն
ǣָӣ
ãǶǾǿߣڹѵͷһð潫ɵطسϣܹ٣
˵
ţһͷͷǵƣһסЩӪĵеĽ졣
Ҫ֪ЩһǾżλǿߣҪסǣȻס
ҲǺܿ콫ٵĵͼ򿪣ҲǰԭƻӪеĽȫǲȥЩ춼ܷûһ顣
ȵЩ켴뿪Ӫ㵭˵棬Ҳʱˣ


1873 ռ
ţΪֻΪ˰ݼһ֣ûͷҲǵͷָӣӦǰȥһϷǳĵģ
ţԸİɣ
¶һ˿ԾЦ⡣
ҲǰռƻϳеǿȫǲȥѾû˶ٵı֣Ѿϰˡ
ţ֪˵뷨ΪˣͰӭ
ǿ߶Ѿִϳǣǽģȴֻˡ
㣬棬ԼܣҲӦе
֣ǵŵõƽֻʣһЩĳȫȥˡ
֣˵㣬ˣҾ֪٣Ҳûˣȫָӣ
ⷬЩֺζΪ˵һάĻȴû뵽ɫȻ֣ҵĻΪҪȥίСɱ¾ʮأ
󵨣ϵ֣Ҳֱģ
󳼺ȵ
һʱڲ©˵ĺ仰
ɱ¾ʮô֪飿
㣬ʲô˼
֣ɫһ䡣
ţҲǾԾ
˵ûʲô˼;ԭǩ˽Э飬ȴ˴ɱȻǵ˺Э飬ԣ֣ôˣ
ñ㣬㵨ӲС֪жǿ߱ȫô
֣ȵ
ţ¾첻ϣոھӪѾнɳȥʱϳУѾûаˣ
ʲô
֣ǷŭϳеĽ춼ǲȥˣ
ǣ
ţͷ
дɫǼѿ
㽫ǶǲȥеǿߣҲԽǻɱ
֣ȵ
ݣ
֣˵꣬һӰС
Ȼ֣һˣǰλǿߣǲԼԣû뵽Ȼó
˵㣬⼸ʵǿû뵽֣к֣
ɱ
ȵ
ֺͰҲǵͷ˵ȫǾżλ۷ǿߣԶԸ
ɱǣ
֣Ҳȵ
̳˳ȥ
ţΪĽ죬ĺܣ֪ǷӦȥԸˡ
ӦͦģԷ㣬Щˡ
ңǰƺǸӣ֣ӮˣȻסˣҪӮ˵ĻپҪĳˡ
ⷬǣǰһȣӵƿʵһɫһ䣺漶ǿߣ
ߣƾ뱣֣Цˣ
ֺȵ
Ͱ棬ܶûжǶһӦǰ״
漶ǿߣʵҪ߳һҲǱһ˿ѧϰ̬ŰλܶԷˡ
Ȼȫѹûз̫󹦷ͽȫѪ
ֻɱˣûκţ˵֣ɫ࣬û뵽һ˵㣬֪ǽ콫Ҹϳ㽫Ǿǧŵĵˣ
ʤΪΪܣ֣ȻˣӦý־͹̫̰ģҪɱżӾ˾ٵ
˵
Щûһҿģǿɲȫ巢֪Ͳĸܡ
֣˵ҵģλ涼ҵģ㲻ԽҸϳ
ţ
˵
ţͷ
֪ڻǷԸҵǲ
ʵ
ҡ
ţ֪λش֣ȵţ϶֪ͱᣬαȻǴͨԸңϧۻǣΪ㻹еüֵ֪Ӧýɱ
ߣ֣ţԭԾĹû뵽㾹Ȼһֱ¼ңãӽҲǾ
ţ˵㣬ҸԸΪЧ
Լû뵽֣ᷴһǹ˳㣬Ҫ֪ȥǵĿֻһҪ˳٣ȴû뵽鵹ǽȻ෴
Ҳϳǿ֣
˵
ǣ
ţͷ֣ȵУ㲻ܽҴߣҵģԶҵģ
ԽԽСӰѾʧС
Щһһ£˵棬ȽˣҪȥ߾һˣ
ţ
ͷ
һ㣬ûκԹԡ
ı߾ǳڱ̶̰ʱ䣬Ѿǳأɼ֮ס
ȻѾ֣ϳϳǣҪþԭԭڱģȻҪӦ߾

ǡ
Ǿߵĳǳأ̫߾һǳѾռˡ
ǵĳվڳǽ֮ϣĿЩزסǡ
ǵļλǿҲǽϣ˵ǿʵ̫ˣѾǳʧأǵеĳȫնʾڡ
Ҫ˵ЩҲҪǣ
׳˵
ǣյϢѾɳǿߣǣ֧Ԯķ򲢲
֧Ԯ
ɻ
֧Ԯߣڱǿ߽
ͿͿô˺ͿǾϳǲǳصľ룬ʵҲҪǿһ㣬زסĻҲܿʧصģ
̾
Ҳģ˵ǻɳǿ֧ԮǾôôڣӰһ
˵
ããѾܹܵǿߵϢˣǺܿҪִ

ûã⣬Ѿܹǿߣλ֮һеǿߣûЩ飬ǳݣƤ𪣬Ҳе˵ò
ǵһλǿߺȵǳףû뵽㾹Ȼվǽ֮ϣҪѡسǳˣ
Ҿǲģ
׺ȵ
ţôΪθոǳصĳߣ
ǣ
׷ŭܣǾ˲ܸɳ飡
㲻ҪǳȻǣһץѾնˣԴ
һͷ­ںڲж˳ǽ֮ϣͷ­Ӻڲй˳ĿģȻλ
ԷҪ״ݻǿߵҲȷʵģѪܵͷ­ѾûŶǿߣһսľˡ
׳У΢΢Щҡ
ȻڴʱյУȴǶӰ˿Ӱ൱죬˭ôͻȻһ˵Ϣǿһˣĥ͸
ףǾеĸѵѪܵͷ­ηˣͶǵô
㵭˵


1874 
Ͷǲܵģи¾˭Ϊλ
׳յУһȻ㡣
˵Ⱦٵˣ
ЩǿȫɫƵĿ㣺СӣƾȾ٣ЦЩ˶ǵվô
Ȼأ
Цһ漶ǿ߶ûУСУҲ̫Сˣ
ţ
漶ǿߣ
ЩжЩ
еǿЩû뵽˾Ȼǰǵģǰ˾Ȼӵ漶ǿߵʵȻǿλ϶Ǽٵġ
ɱСӣҪס
˺ȵ
ֳ֣Ƭ̣յһѪ꣬ɱʮˣЩǿȫһ־״
û˸ٳ֣ǵеη˵Сӣǵù쾹Ȼϣߣ
û׷ȥΪʵûбҪ
׳鼤˵λû뵽ǵģմ
㣡
֣
㣿
׾ȵǱָӣ

û뵽ָӾȻԳָмȵȶһϳǣָӣ
ˣ
˵
ʲô
ĿɿڴеǿҲĪ㵭˵֣Ѿ̨ڲǾٵˣ
ܵģָӣִ治Ļôܹ˵
׳ʵϣܾܣ
˵
ʵ
嶼Щҡû뵽Ȼ֣ϳϳǣǾϡ
ˣǿѾ£֪漶ǿ֧ԮǣʱӦòԸǣҲҪ뿪ˣ׳ڴϳǵļ棡
˵ǺͰַߡ
⻰ֶ˵
㣬û뵽ô׼ȷĳǳر㽫ϳоеȫǿ߶ȥ֧Ԯ棬ҺⶫǣڿߵľҲܹȶˣ
ţǱҲӦôе飬ֻҪڽϳеȫûܹžӪеʽϳˣ
˵λĸ֣Ҳһ̷ʷԵĸı䣡
ֶЩҰ׼Ҳʽڱˣ
ʵĲ̫Զ˷ϳǣѾܹپӳ߸ǶǱľӣʦҲУһ࣬ƺ·ϳӡ
ǵʦʱȴȫˣ㣬һٱ߾ˣ
һ
˵
ҲǺܿϵУѾЩȫ˵ˣҲѾȷԼ˳ȻֻĳĴ󲿷ֽ챻ȥߣǻڵֵĹƣֻһȺҲȫ˳ռ˾١
ϳеƽ񻹸Ѿ飬ȻֻΪսС
ҹĻ٣ѾݱѾֹͣ˽Ƿعڡ
ϢҲϳеƽ񶼻ȸԾһֱٳûϢ˭Ҳֵܲܵסǿߡ
У˵㣬ϳǵЩҪΪ֣壬ǸΣ
ǾҪˣ
˵
ǻûеأ
ֵģڻʱ򣡡
˵
ɻ󣺡ʲôֲ֣ʱأʲôʱϳֵʱأ
һֱȵҹյУһ˿˿⡣
һӰӿӹ˵죬Щһﵱмλ漶ǿߣǲ׶Ը
ʦЩֵ㣬ǿɲЩĳǲ׹˳ϵģ
ļ
סǡ
ܿ죬ЩȫӵУǷŭĿ⡣
һ˺ȵ㣬һɽ֮ƣû뵽Ǽȥ֧ԮǳأΪʵǱռǾٵıǺôȻƭȥˣ
Щһһǵֵסǿߣصϳǵһʱ俴ȫˣĻǻᱻڹǣϱץȥ
֣ô
˵ϳˣûҪɱ
𣬺ߣƾʲôȥǾΪܹô
Щĳ˵ˣǾܳô
ƿΣǾܳô
ûЩ֧֣õ٣

㣬ǱָߣȻҪиѪĴۣ
һȵ
˵㣬Сģ漶ǿߣ
ȴûаη壬ȵ֣Ӷɱ¾ʮ𡯰ɱƾһ㣬ȡ֮ûа⣬ҪЧ֣޿ɺǣҪһֱ˵ôа񣬽˵ô壡
֣Ӷɱ¾ʮɱ飬ǶģҲЩΣϾ˵ʹ
Ǳ֣֣ȻᱻռݣǼӾ˾ٵˣԸһֱ֣һֻųǳأ޽ô
˵
Щ˳ţ˵
ǶбĽ죬ΪβűҪ֪λ汾ֻӵһλߣ
Ҫ̸ף㣬Ҳֻſڴƻưˣ
ǰʱ仹ڱѹȣȻ֮齨ˣռݾ٣˭˵һĿ겻ǳưλ棡
ȷ˵ⷬЩ춼ԥţǵÿһ˶űģȻֻسǰˣ׷֣пһسǳжɹһ˭ӵС
Ȼ˵׷汱пܸıλʷһ޷ܾͷ
˵ûǰ׼ҲΪľ޴ǱѡڱиģűΪλʱǰ׼Ҳָһ
˵
׼Ҷǣ
ʹǱӦü̵ݻٵ֧顣
ѵӦ׷汱ʹѾ
ֻ֣Ϊһ֮ʱ¼ңϲֵţΪҶѾѡ׷汱ǻʲô
ţҲȰ˵
ϾҲԼ뷨ҪЩ춼׷汱ĻôΨһһԭĽ죬ƱԺڱӪУЩų⡣
ţ
Ȼڿǣһһǵ統жɹ쳣Ծ
ǵ׻᲻Ӧ
ģˣ
ˣ
澪ȡ
ʱһӰҲǴ˽ǿõЩ춼΢΢Щ𺳣ߵǰ棬֣һ˿âһǿĵбŷһξȻըҽ


1875 
ûոձչֳʵ
ͺоӵǿʵ
һʱ֮䣬мž
ʦǰıʵ̫˼ˣ汱꣬Ǵδ֪Ȼӵǿ
˵֣һֱΪѾһˣֻһˣǾұǶ֣ǰεĽ죬ǿѡ׷ңҲѡԣҪǣֻһθı˵ĻᣬȥԼ񣡡
ѡ˳
Ҳǣ
꣡
ʵ˵ǷѪڵĻǾѾ˳ˣϾ˵ĺܶԣλϣֻбܹչֳԼıոձͷųһ㡣
ͷȷľʦϢȥҵҪҲҼ٣
ǣϣ
ʦκʣ̳ȥˡ
㣺㣬ܹΪٵˣӹΰ˵㱾ɵߵĸǣ˵ʵѾ֪ν㣬㲻ĻⱱĽɽҿԺһ
Ȼ
еĳ佫ȫ
Ҫ֪ڵıǰıͬǰֻбһǳأڣռݣټˣȻڵıޱȹڻԸɽȻ
ҡҡͷ֪ҶЩȤοȻԾٻڻǲаģ
㣬СӣɽҪŮֲȱñʵǲ֪˵ʲôòǣ
˵ҲգҲգʱȶԸĹưɣ
վڱϣﶼ΢΢㣬жվǰû˿
ȻʵǾõϺ壬ŻԥľܾģϾͰ˹λһֱţʵ˵Ҫġ
λ涼Ѿ֪ٱռˣٵĶϳеƽûʲô˵ֻҪܹǲսУǳԱ㹻ˣǿɲھٵ˵˭ء
ͬһʱ˱ģǵˣǻϲΪµˣҲ֮󽫻뱱μᡣ
׼Ҳڱʽھٳһҳŵ׼һЧұ
ϳҲΪʽַǷ㱾Ӧóϯʽȴ˸ɷ˱ǡ
ص¥俴˹ĵһۣ֪˹ЩˣϾѾ뿪Ǻüˣ˹˵ҪǽٲҾȥ㣡
ҿ᲻òϾķôɿڣҳ
мѾ˵ķˣӾͳˡ
˹˵𼱰Щ˻ûأι㻹̻ˣôóô
УȻУҪȻôŸϻ
⻰˹һϲ԰˶ѧأˣ˵ѾռˣԺȥϳǣǼⱱأ
ʵಢԶӦòѡϳǳΪǰɣ
˼ȻڱУ
ţ⼸챱ͻὫȥˣ
Ȼ⼸ûкͱ棬Ҳǲ²ĳԱΪǣȻһЩǰĴ󳼣ԱĸӦǲǸܵġ
ھ¥бչصĵ죬˹ЩϲĽȻǶǵϢҲ˵˹ϲⱱô
ϲ˶ܲ¥ǼʦҾȥͷǣһֱˣҾҪǰȥϳǣһ᲻̫Ӧģ
˹˵
ҡҡͷҲǰǰİ˹۴ںֻܺܿӦڵİ˹̫棬һֱڱǵǲʲô⣬ԺҪȥλ棬ӦأԸԶ廹ûзλϣĻڵİ˹λ棬϶Ӧ
ܿ죬ϳǵĳһЩҪְ֮󣬰ʦسеƽʮӭӣ׳ۡ
ҲԱǵƽҲЦݣЩҪǣڳЩƽ񣬲۽󱱱ŵֵزȻǱĶǡ
һҲñеƽ񶼸жᡣ
صʦ˵ϣΪλҪԱΪǣѡϳǣ
ţ
ϳȻȱǻҪǱǵ֮ϣǲⱱǾٵĴ󷽣Ϊǣѽ
ʦ
ʦû뵽ڷ˲٣˵ĺܶԣǵ֮ζڱǾٵĴ󷽣㱾û̫ǣ
ҡҡͷ
ûпΪʲôҪ֪ȥϲռݾ٣ȴȻһԻأ
ǻƾʵҪƿµı룡
˵
ʦҲǵͷƺʲôϣһûף
˵ɣ
֮ϣһƽ֣λ飬
㾹Ȼ飬ʦ㣬ⱱǣиСڣɳʿɧűǵƽ񣬵һҹ֮䣬ǸС˼㵱ʱΣأ
˵
ʦȻϸɵģû뵽ϾȻһλǿߣֻⱱǣƺһ㶼ԵûȤңƾֵĻҲñѹôˣ
ʦЩ飬㻹֪ԽԽã˵ʵĳ֣һֻػűǶѣ
ѹֱǱôѹţҲڰ
ʦ˵
ʦҪǰˣڵ㣬ҪúչδΪλʼնӦֻһλߣ
ǣϣ֪ڷҪʲô
ηΪ֣һλйϼķᣬ׼ҲǱμӣһ֮ķᣬҲҵһβμַᣬЩڴǾҪʲô
˵
֮󣬿ҲӦȥ֪ͨˣǰͻصⱱǣʲôϢأ
ʦ˵
ھ¥ȥ֪ͨ
϶㣬治һĺãҶЩĽˣ
ʦЦЦ


1876 
֮ӱչص״̬гȻǰ˹õķˣԶ˼ʵҲ
Ŷ
˹˵Ҳأ
ͷ
˹˵Ͼˣ㻹ͳȥһڹƿҪˣ
ţ
ܿ죬Ͱ˽촩һذףǸ̲ӣͰ˹վһλŮһ㣬ֻ˹ȫɫһ־ӵϢ
˵㣬϶벻Һ
ҡҡͷ棬̫Сˣû벻Ҳֻ֪ǵĿˣ
㣬ܣ֪أ
˵
˵ǸϽ°˹ķ˰ɣζǳģ
˹Ҳվһԣڴǵۡ
óԣ
˹û뵽ôãֻǿϧСӵרְʦĻһȥ
Ц
˹˵ҪϲԵĻԺԾİ
ͷ仰´ԾͲÿ̫ˣ
ԹҲ˵ĵص
˵Ȼܲ³飬ȻҲûа㾪ȣ˵ڵ
ţ
˵Ȼĵطе˼
᱾ûвμӹҲԣĸжδЩƣǵҲãǸκһĵط
˵
ͷɱġɱ¾ʮ𡯾ǵеɱ֯Ҳǵùײϣ
˵˳Ҳ˵ϣǿߵѾ޷ȥˣϾһƻΣţƵĺܣ
ҲһƣҲѲˣô
˵㣬֪֮ǰﱻ㿴ˣ
ֱ
˵ھУ˲ٹսһЩϣмսĸĪһƾʧˡ˿Ϊ˻ֱңΪģ
ΪǱ
Ϊûǿʵһֱӵ˵ԿҪ֪һλһֱڱ״̬־ǻĥ̬ǻġ
˵
Ư˵ĺܺã㰡㣬ЩСϸڶûбŹ
ҲɻʵϣڵʵǺεȾˣܷ͸¶һ

ҡҡͷԸԶʩչ
˹һԣҲǾò岻νֻҪ߾Ϳˡ
˵˹뱱ԵٷҲ̫٣ľˣ
ˣ
˹ɻ󣺡㣬˵˵λǿ߾Ǳ
һ㣺СӣϣȥԴˣûĸϻһôļһ
ڿһأ
Ц
ҲǿЦǰ׼Ҵ϶û飬ȴ׾ٽˣϵʵҲҪϹˣ
˹ʱҲ˵Ȼܽڵ֮Ϊһ޷شǰ
Ҳǿ˰˹һۣЩΣ㣬Ӧ֪˹ɷ֮ɣ
ͷ
˵ɷ֮漶ǿߵУ츳ǿʣȻ˹ǰԶ嵱еǿߣ˵ЩҳԱλ߻ħһΪȣһǱԶ˺ǿ֮
ոհ˹Ҳ˵ˣڵ֮ûȫʧֻҵʱӡסˣҪָĻҪ⿪ڵ֮Ҫģ
˹ڵ֮Ȼûб⿪
˵Ҫð˹ָǰ״ֻ̬ȥԶܲһˣ
ͷ廹ϵˣǱҵǲ֮ļһĻѴӰ˹֮ȥ
Զܲ
˹ҡҡͷҲҪָǰˣҾҲͦõģ
˵˵ǵȥԶܲΣհˣģһԼȥǸطʱٴȥ
棬еǹɼĿ⣬·κѶ޷赲һ㡣
뿪¥¥غİҲ˹ͷȥ޲ýڵǿ߶ȥ֪ĸ˽᲻ὫŻأ


λĵط
Сô
У󲿷ֶλϵĺڰЩڰΪ˻ȡڰʯִһЩѶȺܸߵ
ϴΰɱǾɸɱ¾ʮֻǿϧûϵĿֲҲǵʧܡ
ʪĲݴԵУһֻֻɫȶмһ۾ܿԶһӡ
ǵУΪ׵һɱ¾ʮͷĿұۿտҲ۹ͬ񣺡ľӣӵʵҲǾżλǿϣηᣬǽŵĺܣ
ǱľҲϵˣǵǿͬ಻ʤ
ڵǺڴǻǿߵִˣÿпչᣬҫһ㣬ʵ˾Щɣ

ľӺ棬ŲλϵĹϼ壬еǿ߲λĶʵҪ֪İ׼ҾǱǼ峹׸ģ
׼е̣ǲѾڱǵľӪп˰׼ҵôʵɲ

ʮֻһš
ʱ˺ѾڵУƺƵľʹЩӵ
Ҫ֪ǧ֮ϡ
û뵽ǰ֣ȸϵڵǱ˵ǱЦЦ
̾
֮ǰԸȻǱ˴֮ĹϵѾǳˣҲģĿȻǶԸ
ҿǴδǱû뵽һСϾȻܹһһ̵ǲСأ
˵
ܹɾͽҵܴһԭǾӪеһļһ˵ⱱ֮󣬱һɳ죬ǱҲǵȫ󳼵˵Ըƽֱ
ǱȻȷǱҪأ
λжЩԾ
ʱԶĵӰҲǳڿУԶҲģʶ˵˲Ǳİɣ


1877 幫
ٶȺܿ죬Ƽܿ죬Ұоܿģ
ȾȵĲЩǿߣˡ
ǵƺϳˣ˵׳һʵǿǱˣ

ɱ¾ʮȻҲϳˡ
ͷĿһƺ뵽նһ۵Ļ棬ǿɺޣȻʱնһۣ˵Ƿһ·
˺ܿӿз˵߿ǱĴ
Щ̫ȷϾԷֻˣǴδͲ֪Էʲôģ
й͵ģǵϳ㣬㲻һֱ磿
Ц
˵ѵϳô
ҡҡͷ
ɫЩŭû뵽˻ǱĴҸո˵˾ȻǱ㣬ǻῪЦȻ˵ʶԼ
Լ֮һϣǾȻ᲻ʶ
˵һֱ¼ղһһ£λԣϣ

û
֣ʹУֱЦⱱĬȻ
ŭû뵽ԼĺҪջͣⱱȻûа˼˵˵ԼǴ治治
ҲЩ˵ϣԣ
ͷ֣ʵЩ˼ʱһЩ⣬Ҳͦģ
ߣ
˵ҿǻǲҪϾȥˣҪ֪ǿĿģ
ţᣬǶλģҲ֪ϵ׻̸Щʲô
˵
Ҳ˵ˣȡ֣֮ڷ泩̸ģ
λ治һɲģ֣ǾȡҪ֪λĿĶһµģֻҰλʡ˲پ
˵
һﶼڰһϳǣȻ˼˵ǽʡⱱȷ
˵ǰķᣬ޷ǳ̸һЩ֮Ժĺˣھովһս㹻İ
л⣬ֻǱԸ㣬ңЩƻĳǳؿɶλĽأʵ󲻳λڵǿٴεִǾ٣Щƽһŭı飡
˵
ȻҪǰæҲʡ²٣һ飬ǽȽҪ⣡
˵УҲŲٹϼǶΪһ¶
᣿
ʮλϵĹϼ廹ûһףҲҪᣬλһ壬Ƕλϵκһϼ嶼ΪҪҫ
˵
ԣҲǿͰ΢΢ЩȻܼλһ彫ٴڽǰ׼һֱҫȻҲֻҫǰ׼ҡ
㣬ǼȻбģĻʱѡһ壡
洫
ʵһ˵ѡʲôʱ򣿡
λи幫ᣬǰһֱǰ׼ǹϯɹѡΣֻڣǰ׼˳幫ᣬͲе
˵幫᲻ֹ磬ǿЩ嵱еǿߣʵϣǶǱ幫Ļ᳤ڲٿţ
᳤ٿأ
ﶼЩȣǼ幫Ļ᳤
ڣ
˵Ǿǰ׼ȻոڱǸδȣϵĶ֣ıҪûС
ڴ
ʱǰһλƤˣ˵λϣǼ幫ᵱе鳤Σ᳤ȫȨⳡᣡ
ţⳡ᲻ֹ磬ҲһԿְɣ
Ц
ʵΣһжټ᣿
ʮϼ壡
ţҹĿһ£
εͷһУһ߽͵ʮǵǰλеҲʵǿļ壬ҪηϷֳ
Ϊûа׼ң
˵
ֺͰжЩ
׼ң
˵׼Ѿ̫ûλ¶棬Ȼ˵ѾǱʽˣǻ᳤ûн׼ҿǽȥҪҪᣬֻܵȵһˣ
ȵһΣٶҪʮһΣǰ׼ƾʲôҪװ׵ȴʮꣿ
ּ
һۣʾ˵Σ׼ҵλĵһ壬ǲĥʵλʧ̫ãǰ׼ҵĵ̣Ҳ嶼ѱģţμûа׼ң
⡭
ھš
󱱱˵Ǽ幫ڰ׼ûУͿʼѡĻǱһԳϣңҷģֻҪˣұԼѡ׼Ϊλһ壬ǲŵĻǴԣ
һ˵β֪˵ʲôãԺЩ֪ˣû뵽ⱱȻҪͦ׼ҡ
˸һɫʾ˳ű˼Ļ水˵ˣ᳤һ᲻ĵġ
ҽ׼ҵּȥǰ׼ҵˡ
λҳ
ȴָָԣ˾ǰ׼ҵİֺͰ棬ǰ׼ҵĽܳŮ꣬μᣬǾǴ׼ҹμӵģ
ֻˣ
զ࣬ţ׼һ˼ԣȻɳμӣ벻䶼ѡ
Ȼ׼ֻθͲҪκιǣ˵ȻˣҪ汱˼ʵЩ˵ˣ׼ҲμᵱУ߾ǰֺͰ棬ϣܹΪǵļһΣ
Ŀ⵱жܼ
׼ӵ˲ֻһʼҪ֪Χǧǿߣ⵱Ը嵱еǿҪͰΪ׼λһܹĳжôѡ
ע⵽вĿⶼͬһʱ俴˰Ͱ֣Ŀ⵱ɱ⣬붼ǱȻλʮϼԱҪ׼ҵϣ׶͵ˡ


1878 
׼ҵλһ֦㣬ԾƳΪһ壬ҲǵĲۺ졣
Ǽк׼ҵļ壬һⶼλϵĴ塣
ͰҲǿһεĿ֣Ҳɫһ䡣
׼ңĮӥӥңгˮּңǵҪ׼ҵļ塣
ǰҪ׼֮أڰ׼ڱǸҪ׼ҳ
μᣬʵһð׼Ҷλһҫģһǽڼ
ֻЩźǣ׼ֻСආ
ͰǰδμӹᣬϽĴ̡
һʮϼνԼһЩʷȻٽԼڵķչ״ԼδһЩ뷨
ҪҲǼһЩӡ
ʵϣû˻˵ЩʲôΪҪıǽ䶷
ǾεҪĻڣ׼֮Իһڰ׼ҵǿ̨ϸܹܣ԰׼ҵҲǵ֮λһ
Ⱥ۲𣬶׼ֻɳ˰ֺͰˣҪڷֵ̨ñˣȻѡ
Ҳκܴð׼˲еһҪء
һֽܼĻҪ̫ʱ䣬ҲҪĴߣѣǵСӱһЩڰץˣ
ô
ʼ硣
ûĿŵ뿪˸ʱĴȺ뿪
Ȼܴ󣬵ӵǧˣȻŷǳĿռ䡣
ܹܵ˷жŲǿߣǵȻĺڰ
㻹ɱ¾ʮ
ʮֻɫȻҲǿ㣬ߴǰǴһ˿Ц⣬һֻɫ˵СӣΪδǵгˣ
̫Ҳͳ͸͸ˣ
ɣϴڱн֣ǾȻûн㣬ź
ţûпնͷĿұۣҲһź
㵭˵
СӣȻǴǰ£ǲҪ֪ǿܹڱûԮ֮ǰɱģ
ҪǰצˣɱҵĻõź˵ôࣿ
ûаη塣
ţ
ͷĿ˵˵ĲǵȷûҪԸ㣬οЩ˵ǿһһðɣ˵Ŀģ
˽һºڰʯ飡
˵
ڰʯô
ͷĿͷǵеǿĶҲǺĽ
ô˵źأλһʪû⣬ˣʻᷢҵı仯
˵ǵڿʼܺڰԪأҺڰԪػǵٶڰԪԽ࣬ٶȾԽ󣡡
ڰʯ̺ŲٵĺڰԪأ
˵
ţҲҪƷʣЩڰʯ̺ĺڰԪأܹʵȻƷʲģҲʵ
ͷĿ˵ȻڰʯѰңڵУֻ֣ľڲҵ
ѹҪףȡ裡
ĻΪǺϲȥɱô
ͷĿ˿Լұۣɫѿ֪ǵʵԲȥɱģǸڰʯҲܡ
㵭˵ǵˣڰԪػ
⡭ȻиãǰҪɵڰʯеĺڰԪأڰɣȻˣ
ᱻڰɣ
˵ûпܵסǹɺڰ֮
Ҳ̫Ͼһû˵˭ܵסǷ֮أǱ棬ΪҪȥôأ㣬ЩΪʲôѵҲԺڰʯȤ

ͷϿкڰʯ

ɫʵ
ֻҪһ㣬еĺڰԪأ
˵
ǶͷĿҲǵͷһֻ𽫻еһ龧ʯ˳ͨɢźɫľʯʵϲƷ㵹ǿͷĿһ˵Ǻڰʯ龧ʯƷʺܵͣǵʵҲ˶٣ǲĻùȥ԰ɣҲۿôڰԪطģ
ӹǿڰʯϵǳһ˿֮ɫûͷĿϥǿڰʯͷǰ
ʮֻɫ쳣Ŀ㣬˵磬СҪǺڰʯеĺڰԪأ
ǲģȻǵ͵ȾʯеĺڰԪأҲһ˿ܵ˵İ
أ綼Ѿеϵ˵һ飬Լֵ˭أ

ڰʯеĺڰԪ쳣ˣպڰʯȻᱻڰԪطɣҲҪܵش
ͷĿҲǺܺƾʲôôҪһڰʯеĺڰԪء
ĽڰʯеĺڰԪȫ˳ֻͬʱڳһĨĨɫâЩɫâУЩڰԪرսȥȻȥûаͻ
ɫ󲻳ΪʲôڰԪؾȻаˡ
ģѵǿ͵ȵĺڰʯûаڰԪأ˲ٺڰԪؽڰ
⵽ô£ô˼龹ȻǿˣСӣǹĺܣ


ûй̫ã˫ŵЦ⣬ΧʮֻȫɻĿ⿴Ҳ˵ǻûߣǵʬأ
ʲôΪʲôûбڰԪطɣ
ţҵסǺڰԪصķ֮
˵
ʵϣǿڰʯʱһӾʯӿǺڰԪصķ֮û뵽ΪЩ˺ܴ׭ѾԵֵסЩ֮Ҫ̫󹦷յڰʯкڰԪصԭˡ
ɱ¾ʮǾĿ⣬һڵ˾ȻܹպڰʯҪһӵвٺڰǸһֲٶȣ
ڰʯеĺڰԪȻˣƷ̫ͣЧǺǻûƷʸߵĺڰʯ
ʵ
ʮֻɫ㶼Ҫε
Сӣ˵ĵɣѵ֪һڰʯҪѶн׵õô
ƺǵΪѣ˵ðɣǼȻûʣ࣬ôܸУ˭ӵĺڰʯô
˭ӵĺڰʯ
㣬㣬㵽
жǾȹâͲ뷨
ţֻЩӵкڰʯѰˣ˳㽫ǵľʯȫߣ
㵭˵


1879 
˵ʲôҪЩڰӵеľʯȫߣ
ɱ¾ʮǷˣǿƣֻҪĻ죬ҪնɱҪ㿼ǣȻǰڳԡ
ǵŷԭôȻܹҪģ
˵
ţ
ͷĿ۾һСӣ˵ҪţƤɾʹˣ˵׶֣ҵǻЩ棡
ĻھʹȥЩڰɣҿûôʱ䵢ˣ
㿴һԶȻû̫󶯾ҪʱŻе䶷档
ЩɫһǣͷĿ˵ǵԭһڰɣΪ⣬ЩڰѽӵԵвŻһˡ֯ܶڰǡˡĳԱˡίȥЩڰҪ֧һĺڰʯˡ
нʰ
ﰵ˵ˡΪʲôһԽӵ񣿡
ΪˡĿ߾ǡʡǵУ֮һ
ʣߣ
ţǵȻ󲿷ֵĺڰǶģУȻߣʺͺڻʣǵľߣ˵ĴڣҲҶԸǵҪԭ򣡡
ͷʽˣǺڻأ
ڻʹһˣԽ֯ûаȤǶѾܾûпڻˣ
ͷĿҡҡͷ
ţܳݺڻʣ
ǵеĲ˶ǳݺڻʣ㣬Ҫ֪ǺףʱǲܳŵߴӦĺڰʯ٣ɱ¾ʮҲһ飬Ǻڻʳֻع
ԭˣ
˵˼ڣȻвļһðɣǺڻʼȻѰǴȥˡ
ȷҪȥ
ͷĿѯʵͷҲǶЩɫ˵ҴȥˣǲҪԶ
磬Ǵϲŭ޳㻹ҪȥۣܵϾСӿǲǵĹصģ
ʵȷϲŭ޳а취ԼƽǷģ
ͷĿȥš
˲ԶӦ˵Ͳ˺ܿ͵ִﴺڵλá
һɫűűֻܴ;еĺڰɭűȥЩֲ
űվŲٺ췢۾ˣΧһУȥκο˵ȽűС
Ǵˣԭҽ͵ܻȥˣҶ˵ĻܸȤҲԸһģһὫ͵˵У
ͷĿ˵
û˵ߵű⣬Щ췢۾ļһ۾һ˺ȵɱ¾ʮǿɲǴ˵ˣС˭
ţҪݼʣҲǵ֮ˣ۾Ϲô
ͷĿ˵ʱƣƺҪѹסԷ
Ҳһʱ̣ԼϵϢȫɢ
ǺܸܵڵĺڰţȻǸڵĺڰȻ࣬ҲˣǿԽȥ
ÿû赲ˡ
ͷĿűҲ˵űУֻܽڰĳԱ˽ˣոյЩ˾ͻ˴ܵĴҲһģ
϶ûʸȥⴺʣĺܣ
㰵
űУԿŲٺڰĳԱܹŲٵĽǺܼҪ֪һЩ顣
ʱű¥棬һλźɫҲǻһļЩڰĿһֱǷļ
ͷĿ˵Ǵ˷ɵһЩȻעĺܣܵõٺڰʯҪͿЩ񣡡
˽ļϵһЩֱ˳˵˲񣬴ǰɱһţЩֲ
һЩСԣͱŪڹ֮УȻЩУҲһЩСԷģӵеĺڰʯͲ࣬ǰЩڰҪǽӵЩСδϻЩʧ
ͷĿ˵ôڿʼܺڰ𣿼ÿһ춼мλùСԱɱҲΪʲôôһֱڵԭǼСԵֻҪǲ͵
ȻǸıλʷҲ뿴λ浽׻ᷢʲô£
ῴģ
˵
˲ûһ¥ϺܾãͷĿܿ˶¥ǸɫƺͷĿܸȤ˵ѵɱ¾ʮѾڵ첻ȥҪǴôţ٣ұ۹ȻˣִĴұ۱նϣ
꣬ˣɲ㣡
ͷĿ˵
ʴڷ䵱УҲȺãʱȥųô
ֻ棡
ͷĿ
Сꡯļһ˵Ȼɱ¾ʮҪ봺˵Ļ˵ʲ׷ǵΣϾɱ¾ʮе൱ģ
ͷĿûг
ȴ˵ɱ¾ʮ봺ʲô£ҹȥһĽף
㣿Сӣҿûм㣬ȻǴʴ̸ʽףΪǴʲôطʲô˶ô
ҴģȻ
ͷĿ˵
˵˴ʴ˵ʣ˭𣡡
ҪǵʽףҲ޷ʹʽ
㵭˵
˵ʲôΪʴĻ㽻ףǿЦ
ԲţܹܵڵĺڰϡٵģҲ֮ˣûҪ˵ĻҪΪվŵɱ¾ʮͷĿͽϳűˡ
Ҫչ׳󣬾ͱøĺڰʯڣڴⷽԴԽԽٵģ
˵꣬ҪĻڴȥҴʣĻ£ǻ޶ԣ̾ߣǴҲɥʧһưԵĻᣡ
˵ʲôкڰʯԴƭ˭أڰʯ󲿷ֶƿأ̽̽Щڰʯּǵ߱ģ
һ
Сӣ˵ĵǲģ
꿴ͷĿ
޶ԡ


ۿ㽫Ҫ֣ȵˣȻɱ¾ʮͷĿ㵣ãҾһδȥʣҳ˵ǰ棬ֻǴ˵ҵĻ㣬ʮֻȫҪ
Ŀ׺ݣȴǲ


1880 
ʵˣΪвٺڰ޷ӵģûкڰʯգʵУܵż
˵Ľʹô󲿷ûĺڰҵУŴʱ佨ѾãȴԼ˽ġ
ԭһڰܹõеȺڰʯڴʵ˽֮£ֻܵõ飬ǰЩڰ
Ҳûа취Ͼڴ˵½ûдˣǻһڰʯ޷á
ȻҲЩڰڴ˻һҪ봺ˣֻǣڼ֮󣬳ʧڵ
˭Ǿôˣ˭µĶ֣˸ڴ˵顣
ɱ¾ʮǴһֱյĺڰΪɱ¾ʮ㣬ǰʼٷ֮٣ǰɱûгɹʵҲǸģ˵ŻͷĿɵͷĿҲµʱ򴺻ʻԼ
¥Ŀķ䣬ҲͷĿ˵ЩȫǴŮסĵطʺͲһȺöŮˣⴺʸˡ
һ¥һ߰ʮ䣬֪ⴺʵŮҲ߰ʮˣһÿһ䣬ҲҪѭ߰ʮ죬ŵһŮ˰ɣȻЩŴʵ۵ʮԺ
ȻҲû̫ⴺʣϾֵжи֣ҪĻЩˣڵϵʱرľ崺磬ΪŮˡ
Щ࿴ȥ壬ҲõһܼʵĻỹΣǵķ䵱Ź֣ͷĿ˵ֻе챻ʳҵŮ˷䵱вʸҲֻܰ޹ˣ
⣡
Ҳܿһ䷿䵱͸
Ҳ˵ʴ˾Ƿ䵱УȷҪʱ
ǺµĻǰ뿪
˵
һۣʲô
й
ҡҡͷ
ͷĿҲ˵㣬СӣǿڱϲŰģҪǲŪҺˣŹ㣡
ļ򣺡һԼЦô
Ǽ䷿ſڣ껹洫ŮЦ꿴ͷĿһǹһš
ʴˣң꣡
û졣
վ⣬ٲţߵԣ˵ʴ˲ϣҴĻػģҪȻٹ
죿
ҡҡͷҿûôʱ䣡
꿴ͻȻ󲽳ǰûа㿼ǣֱţܴ˾Ҳõ
ʣÿ£ڰǰΪ˵ĿߣѵһֱڴϿδô
˵
ĵãСѵǲ֪ʵƢȻʹ˵һˣǧǣԼĻѱ
ͷĿȻҲĴһûг㶼ѾˣھֹҲѾûа취ֻҽˣϣа취
ѾȻȻǱ֮ǰ
һ̣䵱ȴǴ꣬㾹ȻЩĵ¥Դǲǲڲˣ
ʴˣ˵нҪ̸̸ңҲûа취ŽǴİ
µҪ
ףɱ¾ʮҪҴ˵ĻһΪһ飬ĵСӿڳҪͬҽףߺߣһ췽ҹ̷飡
ʴˣһҹֵǧСƻǺ£ֱ
Ů˼ȻСӵ׼ɣ
ŵдһ춯ǡһŴ򿪣һǿӷ䵱бŷ
ķ
һķҲǴ߶Ӱ˲ʧ¥Уûȥ
СȥôûӰôڴʴƤʧģ
˵
ͷĿҲЩɻƬ̣˶䵱д㣬СӣôģʴˣҪ̽ɱ̫һİ˾ȻҵĹ뷿ˣ
СӾȻҽȥ
һҪˤСӻǳıӵⴺʺŮ棬㾹ȻҽȥҪǿЩʲôֱȥòһӣͿʬˣޣŻСʬһǺúôƲĹϵɣ
䵱С
֮ϣʺŮѴһʵûȤǵϾŮ˳ȷʵûмɫ
˫׹⣺Сӣ㾹ȻܹҵĺڰҲˣ㻹Ҵйģ
ʴˣΪҪ˵ô࣬ɱģҵ壡
Ů˱ű˵
ΪĺܺôǱ˿һ۰ˣٿô
ʺȵ
Ҳɣոʩչķһ٣֮ڷ֣ⴺʱضٴҪɱ㣬ȴУ˷䣬ⴺʵǾе˼Բʱûлɱ㡣
ŮˮҪִʣȴǲңʵҲܺߣΪʵŮˣһҲδʣôļįҪ⿪ȴǱƻ֪жջˡ
˵ҲΪ֪ʲɱ޹֮ˣⴺ˽Ѿã˥ˣΪߵĴƱز뿴˾ʹ˥ȥ
˥ˣ֪СǴ￴ģ
ʺȵҪ֪Ǵ˿ǵеһҪίֱǣ
ôΪҿЩڰԱǴ϶ʧ飬ƴǺʧ
˵
ʺȵСӣҵ޶ȵģ˵ʶһվǰûɱԭ򣡡
ŮһԶ˵ӦɱСӣ
ûǱɥʧǵŮˣ˵֪а취ʣ
а취
۾һ˲٣Сӣ֪Ǹſڿӵļһҹһ
ԭһ֮Ϊԭ򣬴˵Ӱ꣬ӦĺڰʯҲŴμ٣˱һнʵ֯ĺڰʯ٣Ҳʹôûа취ֻнһڰԱõֵĺڰʯҲ˥˵ҪԴ
˵֪Щ鲢ȫﴺʣϾԼĿǣѹͺڰʯȷô˺ް취
ûб飬ȴǰСӷͨ͸ҪСҴ˵ˣ˵ƾӻܰﵽҲ١
ȻȻ˥˵ҪԭǺڰʯܹʴǺڰʯ
㵭˵
Ǵ仰ǳһ˿˵ʲô˵һ飡


1881 
Ѿ˵һˣûĻǱˣ
ҡҡͷ
ϵŮЦʲôȻڴʴǰǺڰʯŪֵģʴˣӦھɱСӣ
ס죡
һŭ㣺˵Ūڰʯ
ھٳŴѾ֪ʵϣܹṩڰʯֻ
˵
ǴҲǵͷڱռݣ֮һĺڰʯṩ㲻Ҫңñǵҿ˵ǵǴӲǵģȻ֪غڰʯĵطһ˵Ļ
غڰʯĵطһ̫˵ǣӵиΪľʯ
˵
ϳ֮Ѿرǣûй̫ھ飬ںڰʯ͸Ӳˡ
Ҫ֮ǰ뵽ڰʯ飬ѾҪⴺˡ
̫
Բ̫š
ҲֻǺɰˣ㻹˵ʱ򣬷ȴ춯Ȼм¥
洫죺Ǽʲô˽¥ѵ֪ʴ˵ƢոһСӴ˽Ѿˣ
úЦû䵱еȻΪԼɱˣ档
˵Ǿ֣˲ٺڰʯҴʴˣĺڰʯģ
֣
һ֣㲻Щ⣬һﵱԼϳϳǣû뵽ĲģȻ͵͵ĺڰʯ˳ȻҪʹʽнס
Ҳǿһۣ֣вٺڰʯĻ㣬ո˵ľȫǷϻһὫɱ
ŮڴϱűӣԭίĺܣһҪɱ㣬̾ýһеöƻˣ͸
֣
ʺȵ
һһ˵ȥɣ
ͷĿҪ֪浽ʲô״Ƿ񱻴ɱֻͷʶҲȻ޷澿ʲô顣
֣ȥ˲٣һ˫۾ƵĺܣóǣҲĳһȨߣȴһҹ֮䱻ϳϳǣָܣֱʹ
뷿ʱһԼǣҲҪóһߵƺʹ̸
߽䣬ӰǾŭ˵㣬㣬ô
仰Ҳͬ㣡
㵭˵
֣ȻЩ㣬˵ʣҺˣҲİҪһ£ϣܽϳ⣬Ҳ
ȻūЯڰʯС˵Ķͬһ飬ңҶСѾЩͷˣ˵³ţ
˵
֮Ѿˣ֣ｫԼ˵Ļֱ˵ҲûʲôΪͻá
֣⻰ϲŻָɫҲ˵Աֶζȡˣ㽫ҸϳϳǣˣֻƿźڰʯԣҲǽڰʯȫ˵һܵĵطȥҪԾȫĺڰʯף
֣Ұ㸴
˵
֯ټҸ֧Ԯȫĺڰʯ˱ض׳󣡡
֣˵
˵ӵоȫĺڰʯ
Ͼʹ˲ٸƷʵĺڰʯ
֣һ貵ľʯ˳ЩʯɢźɫâҫޱȣǴʵŮ˿ЩâЩ𺳵ĳ͡
㶼ͷʶЩʯУܹܵǿĺڰ
Ʒʱ֮ǰյǿ龧ʯ˲ֹһΡ
˵ţ⼸龧ʯƷʵȷܸߣ֣˵Ļ٣
ٶѾռݣֻҪ
֣˵
ʵһ㣺㣬ڿո˵ȫǷϻ֣ܸҵǾȫĺڰʯ㣬ߺߣ
ʣһĺڰʯô
ҡҡͷ˵ĺڰʯȡ֮Σ
˵ʲôĺڰʯȡ֮Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫
ʺȵ
֣Ҳ˵㣬㵱СôʵʵĻȻҲ˵ĳڣ㽫ҴϳǸϳȥģڿۿʽɱˣҲǱ˴˳𣡡
һҹ֮ΪٵߣѵΪľʹȻô
㵭Ц
ȷЩܣܶþѾǼˣ㣬б£ҲǸżλǿߣﲻ̫æ
˵
ҡҡͷҸɱ¾ʮұǱնϵģθ룿
ұǱնϵģ
𾪡
֣Ҳһѵⱱǿ߲ɣ
˵һ٣ͲǱҰڣͳһɵģ
Ҫȫ
֣˵ⲻܣܣû飡
֣Ҷǲˣһһ·˵ĻԴͰˣ
˵
˾ᵱУո˵ЩȻȷȫģɱ¾ʮұ۵ȷǱˣСӵƺһһλǿ漶ǿߣôһͳĿܡ
֣˵ʣҿԸȫĺڰʯҪңո˵ĻȫǼٵģǱܽռݵģܣ
֮ǰûΪū
ʷʵ
֣ңòڰʯֻ֪ĺڰʯ
ʿһ㣺СӣҰĸ㣬ɱ¾ʮڷ棬ҲƭңҾ˵ɣ
ҪʱһЩڰʯ
Ҫڰʯ
ûȻһЩڰڵĳҲ̫ڰʯҪôڰʯʲô
ɣǴ˴źڰʯĵطȥʱն٣
˵
ﰵСӣǴԲѣȻҴȥźڰʯĵطһʱǸʱ䣬ն٣Ҫ֪ÿڰĳԱÿ춼̫ڰʯԻᱻڰɡ
֣ʱ˵ʣ㣬ҪӦ㣬ô죿Һ֮Ľô˵
ֻ֣ܹ̫ҪҰ㸴һҪȥٵô
ʾÿЦֻһ·ĺڰʯȫֻ


1882 
֣ŵȫ£뵽ʻ˵ôһĻҪ֪ūڰʯѾȫĵҲҪʲôֻǧҲ㲻Ȼⴺ㡣
еĿġ
ߣ֣Ϊ˵ĸˣҪһ£֮ǰǾѹͺڰʯʹȺЧ£Ǵ˥˵Ҫԭ򣡡
˵
֣˵ʣ֪ǰ̫̰ģ֪Ҳԣ㱣ֻ֤ҪӦҰҸһȫ㣬һ

ʺȵζңڱҪζ㣬㣬ߣ
ʴǰ֣ǲܿһ㣬Ȼˤڵϣһ·˳ȥ
ʽ֣ϵ⣬ͷĿҲһû뵽֣Ȼ³
ͷĿƬ̾ͳ˷ţȻͷĿҲǰĶˣСӹȻа취
֣ļƷʺڰʯûգֱӸ㣬궼Щ΢΢ȣʴˣǼڰʯƺƷʲͣ
ţԺĺڰʯȫǴ˵ģõδߺߣ
˵꣬㽫֣ȥǲ˵ڰʯ䣬ĥãܣ
֪ʴˣǴĥ˵ı¿ǲСģ֣׼ɱɣ
꽫֣ȥ
ǰ·ҲǽǼڰʯͷĿЩҲ˵˵ı꣬㲻Ƿˣ
⡭ãˣ
ͷĿͷ
ȻһĻСӻͦԭģֻǼƷʵĺڰʯˣĺڰʯȫҴ˵ģ⡣
ɫȴǽͷĿһΪصʯݵС
˵ڰʯǵĶǴĺڰʯʯݵб棬Ļڰʯʵģ
ЩǺܹģͷͷĿҲûʲôվ档
һȥܿڷźĺڰʯʯݵżٿɫʯƷʵĶУ㿴м龧ʯдžƷõĻɫ
˵벻ͨ㾹ȻҪڰʯ˵ʵ治գֻǡˣȻҪ㣡
ţҳ֮ѹ
˵
һѹ
ҡҡͷհɣҪ̫ǿԼˣһסͳҿصͱ֮Ĺϵ
˵ͳȥˣͷĿʶѯȥҪʲôʵ˵˳һ˵ԲѣͷĿֻǡǺǡһҲû˵ʲôﵹǰĲҪ̫ڡ
˵ҪʱҲȥеļᵽ׽еζ


ȻڽŽš
һֽܸʷѾȫӡΪ̵ıǰ׼ҡ
û˵̫໰ֻǱ˰׼֣ȫˡ
׼λϵԺգͲҪ̫ȥ
ֺͰ淢㾹Ȼԣһʱ֮Ҳɻ˵㵽ȥˣô
˵䶷ҲﲻǣȻҪƾԼʵ
ţǻᾡŬģ
ҪΪ׼Ҷõһ
˵
ǣ
˶ǵͷ
䶷ӣÿɳӽȻǩ֡
ڰ׼¼ĳԱԭʮʮӣҲʮˡ
ΰ׼ֻˣλһ壬Ҳûаƣڶֶȥ
ţ׼ңĮӥӥһǳˮּңǿǰ׼ҵУҪǣͰֿ϶Ҫɱ
׼Ȼλ渴ɳ˳սȻǺǣ
ǿŰɣܴ漣Ҳһ

ʵϰͰֵʵǾżλ۷ǿߣָ漶ǿߣʮ˵Уֵܹܰģָ
ڰ棬õһ־漶ǿߣĻ˶ɴȥ
վ̨£ϿȻĺܣûаΪ˵ģֻЩ䣬аСӣҵڻûĥ͸ʱȥ
Ͱֵһֳ鵽Ķֶǿ̨ϣȻȻãҲԾƽԷܡ
˲κһԱҲðͰЩź
ȻҲҪĵӡ
˽ȻȰ׼Ҷ࣬ǵһļҲѾмһ־ͽԼеĵӻܵģδⲻһֱ׶ˡ
һȫ֮Ҳ˵û뵽׼ҵȫͨ˵һֱǺеĽȫͬ
ҲЦһְˣ׼λ˾߶Զ˭أ
ǵȻ˵Ҿðֻʤߣһģ
ֻʤߣ㿪ЦɲҪ̫ЦˣֻȻ˵ڣ󣡡
Ҷģ
ľͶģֱ̭ˣҽϳǸóô
˵
ʵֻ˵˵ûΪĸҶĵ˼ϾϳǾٵĶǣϳǱóȥҪռݣ練ơ
û뵽ǣȻ۾ûգһ£̾͵ͷ˵Ǳ̭ˣϳǱ˫ַϣǰֽҳʤߣߺߣλαʾ
Σ
˶û뵽ˬ졣
ǵĳǳرȻܸȤϲֱĸܣ˵Ļͱ뵱ڳҶӣΣ
ӣ
йɵģ
ⳡԼǶˣ
λϵĶԼȥһʱ֮䣬涼ЩˣϾλϵĶԼҪ̼ж̼ܹλһģ

ǿ˵һּ䶷ģҲ֮ĶԼֻǾñ㣬ûʲôоʱ࣬Ҳص˵С
ִʯ棬ͷĿȺ㣬Ҳ˵һôСӹϵôãȻʱ
ţҴģȻҪ뿪
ͷĿ˵
ʵͷʱѾˣСǱȥɣ
˵꣬һӰǴʯݵг֣Ȼ㡣
˿̵㿴ȥЩͬɢɫͺɫֹâһ⣬ȻΪǡ
ʼҲЩǣСӣ˶ٺڰʯûģֿܵڰɵģôܸоôΪ
ţպʱҸһЩ͵ȵĺڰʯˣ
㵭˵ϵĹâ


1883
۾Բ㻹ûзӦС˵ʲô˼ʯݵд󲿷ֵĺڰʯȫˣ
ͷĿҲǾȣȷո˵ģ

ЩȻ
ʼٶȽʯݵģƬ̣˳㣬СĽЩڰʯȫˣ
΢΢ͷ
ĴǲӦøл㣬㻹һЩͼڰʯ
ʱҿûΥ涨ȻлͲˣ
˵
İ仰˵Ӧʱһֱʯݣգû뵽㾹Ȼܽ󲿷ֺڰʯȫˣþԼҲԲһУǰ㣬ȴˡ
ɱ
ɱڰʯͲḴԭֻܼСӺͱһϵƿȫڰʯˡ
ѹôĺڰʯⲻǾţһëˣҪõһУͱȸۣʣ㲻ôǳԵĵɣ
˵
ͷĿվһԣû뵽㾹ȻҺʹ˵Ҫ֪ôҲ˼ҵĺڰʯ˴󲿷ְ
ң㣬СӣôڰʯΪѵִ漶ǿߣϣԺҴʵѣ
ֻҪ㲻ĺڰʯ㵱ѵҲûʲô
˵
㣡
ҧгݣ㣬ҪЩƢţҲŹ㡭Ȼʯеĺڰʯȫˣ
ͷĿһ԰Цܹ֮һĴʸ㵽״Ҳǵһˡ

һߣȻڽš
һֺ֣Ͱ˳ͨ
ʮҲ̭һ룬ԭֺͰڵڶļ΢΢ȻȴǿһЦһ㣬ֳǩȻ鵽ǰ档
˶ЩЦ˵ǰ׼һٮٮߣⲻɣҲŮкܣҵĽǣȨ֪Ը⣿
漶ǿߣ֪ϣҲһֱӮȥȻȨøϣΪİҫ
˵
ֵͷл㣡
ڶ䶷֮󣬰ȨҲԶЦŵڶ֣׼ҾһȨ治֪֮ĶԼʱôеģ
жԼܼ򵥣λҪڳұĶӣɾ鷳Ķˣ
ɫһ䣺ǸƺĲļһ䶷־Ӯ
䶷ǩʼʱ򣬰ͽȻһӰоϲǳһŶһ㣺㣬ʲôʱģûأ
üͷ΢壬ߵλߵԣǷһ̽ţ˵ɷϢСӡ
һꡯƣ𺳣ĵСӾȥȻʱͻλ漶ǿߣѾ漶ǿˣ
漶ǿߣܹܵɷܹתΪɷ漶ǿߵĻ־
Ȼ漶ǿҲǷеȼģһǵȼ漶ǿǿߡ
㵽Ǽ漶ǿߣôҲãзӿܹ֡
Ҫ֪֮ǰֻǾżλǿߣǿƵĵУġ
һǴĮӥӥҵӥ£̨Ҳ绢Լӵ漶ǿߵûнַУ̨̨ܲûаηԷ˼
ʵӥӥصˣ˵һӥҵļ֪ܻܲ
ԷӥһļҲЩ
˵ӥ̫꣬ʵȰǿҲҪֵģذܣҪģ
׼ҵķǿϧǰֶûң֣ͦڿǰ׼Ҫ׸ˣ
ӥƵư֣ս˺˵һ̫꣬ǰ־ǶӥҵˣҪǰһ֮Ϳɼһߡ
ֺս˵ǾʣǰȻЩƣǰʤģץסԷëҳһԷܡ
˵սҲǵ䶷˹עģӥҵò˶Щ̾Ϣ
׼ҵͷӥң׼ԼϼңӥɳǿѾֻܣֻʣ׼ҺͶϼҵǿˡ
䶷ʮӣѾֻʣ°ˣ䶷кͶԷܾˣȻӮ˱һֱҲ޷еġ
ֻӥ£ҲЩɵ׼ļ壬ϼļ壬˶׼ҺͶϼҵĵӽе
׼ҺͶϼҶӻμ䶷ţȻҲλҪʲô
ģǺͰ׼Ҳ죬ڼΪģǿǰֵյ㣡
Ƕðٽһģһᣡ

λѾĵҪԱҵĵӣҲǲ˵㣬˵˵ǰֽ˵䶷λӻһ飡
Ҹ֪Լǵ׻У
˵
ҾֻҪջʤ̻˼
˵
һսô
㵹Щڴֻˣ֣棬ԼǰֻʤĻ׼ұǵһ壬Ǹ˶ץĽұ߶жԼҲ֪ԼǱ֪ĻԻϣ
䶷ʽʼֶƣҲڼҽţûһаֶôעĿ
׼ңˣиǴ磬ǲӥǰ㽾꣬˵һ侲ˣûаԷ
㲢ûкܹעⳡԾ׼ҵһЩܿ׼ңⳡԾʵҲһ浹ľƣĿ⿴һ
Ƕϼҵ֮ľ˵ʵǳ൱漶ǿߣ˭Ҳû˭ܶԷΪҫ
аʵȰֶҪǿ˵Ҫƴһʱֻǿ̨һˡ
һҲڹעŶϼ˵ĶԾǴЦ⣺ϼҵǾǰԲ׼ң½ģ
֪Ȼİҡҡͷϼԭ£ϿɲҪհ
飡
ܿ죬̨ϱһУϼ˾ȻܾˣſڵѪȻƴȫ
ע⵽ԺжǼΪŭĿ⣬ƺϼ˾ǽʱȻɱⲻǸ׼һô
ͬʱҲûƣһĻ˫ðȭͷǽ߬ţУټӮȥҺԵҪȫˣٽȥ


1884
Щͨһ㣬Ȼ˴˶Է˼һ˾һ㣬ûмŽ˵Ϊ̨滹վλӣҪð׼ҳΪһ塣
λ߰ӿҲǿ᲻һսһһսûĻһûٰգ
˵СӣھȻкڰǽеĺڰʯȫˣҺܺ棬ʲô취ô̵ʱôĺڰʯģ
ҵԵֵסڰķɣҽյĺڰʯѾǼˣڵĴʹڹű͵͵ˣ
˵
Сӵ˱˻ԣ
Ц
µҲûдʵȷڴ˵ѹޣڷкŮ˴սһ֮һϢ
ʴˣ֣Ǹ̰СˣһûʲộȫˣѾ֪ڰʯʲôطˣ
ţ֣Ǽһ˵ˣ̫ˣֲʯеʧ
ʧ
Ǿȡ
㣬ʯд󲿷ֵĺڰʯȫյˣҲ㶼ҪɱϢ
˵
ո˵㽫ʯд󲿷ֵĺڰʯˣ˶ŵסˣͲôյʯݵôڰʯģҶʣϾʶûɱ㣬֤ţ֮ˡ
ƺʲôӦýеĲˣҲӦùȥĻǱ˲¹ͷļһɱˣҿɾͿˣ
˵ȻԣԴӺŴҪռ˵ıˣʵ߻ɱô֮Ľ׾ǳ׻ˡ

ֻ̨ʣˣ־վм䣬֮ǰλ۷İ׼ңΣȻǰ׼ҵǶûᡣ
˵Уȥ֣ʣˣһ׼ҵױһҵ壬һǰֺױ˵ʤ߻
ⳡڵУǧˣЩסζȫˣȻЩ˺ź׼ҵ飬ȫð׼ҳΪһ塣
ʤߣȻλĵһ壬һ㣬Ǽ幫Ļ᳤޷ı䡣
˵Ǽ幫鳤ҲҪ֪Ӧð׼ҼУҲû뵽ֻμ˵İ׼ңȻ뵽˵С
԰֮ǰ״̬ȷϣΪʤߵˣһʱ֮䣬ηͷǺա
Ժ˶ֺ֪ױ֮սضһսױʤˣ˱ԶԼƺⱱϳǣҪױˣȻҪУΪܣҲҪ˳׻ɱС
ǧˣԸˣҲõǼ˲ѷɡ
վ̨£ҡҡͷǷݶԼĵ̫ˣһֿܾҪ춨λδ״ˣ
ȷǺģӮ൱ڽˣͳһˡ
ҡҡͷ
˵ţȥ˻ô
һҶûĥǿԣҵȷӦ⣡
˵
һս֮ҵģ
Ц
ֵ䶷ԾҲѾʼֶױҲĿһԾ
˶ڴױܹ֣ܰð׼ҳ׶˳Ϊһͷ
֣㽫ʦƻܣѾյˣһ㣬֪ʲôƣ
ߣܻƣɻ㣬ʦܵ³һģǰ׼һɾ͵һ壡
ֺȵ
ҲǺԺˣﶼˬĺܣСӣҲֻŵˣӮˣͽж˿顣
ָոջƣûз̫๦򣬰׼Ҳٹȷ׼ң׼ҵĹ鲽һ̤׼ҵıƶ׷٣ָ漶ǿߣĹ鲽ǵ۷켶ľ硣
ױǿһЩƻȥҲ󣬲־ͺרſ׼ҵһ㣬ױоʹԻаһơ
һһҪɱ㣡
ױŭ˫ֵлû׵һֻԱһ㳯Űֳȥǽ̤鲽Ҳ˫ױƴ
䣡
ȻǱǰס
ץסԷһȭȵȭұ۵бŷһõ޼ʵһȭشױ
飡
ױڵϣһ㡣
ˣ׼ְˣ
ӥң׼ܸ׼ңϼҵɱ׼Ҫ׸ˣ
ǿ쿴Ϻ϶վˣһ޷ֻ̰ô£

λվʱ򣬱ѾصӦڵλãλߣ˵ֻһս֤λ֮ĶԼ˭Ӯ˭䣬ôλھվѵѾͲסȥʵˣ
ߺߣϣ᲻Ҫģ
ٸӣ˵Σֹͣ
ǣ
εͷߵֹͣ
˵ŴҶȡ飬ᣬҾҪײ
ҲǺȵǿץǰĸ߹
˶ӦǵҪʲôץ˵նɱˡ
ԵУѲʲôˣһ̲ʬ
澪ȣȫû뵽λϾȻ㱰޳ܣǲкͱ֮ĳŵˣȻҪնɱǡ
ִ̨Ϸ˻վԣԴڱһֱ㣬ѳݺߣȻҲʱ̣취

Ц˳Ϊð޴뷨еΪ֮еǿ߾ܽɱô
ߺߣǧǿߣɱǣǺЦ
ǺЦҾñǱˤˣһʱĻҲ޹ؽҪϾУˣ
Ц
ҡҡͷ˶ֻǾżλǿߣΪ̰֮ɫʴǰҺǵľɲף֪֪ҪɱǵĻֻϣ
λʶǵȷ뱱ܽһʼסǸ͸ܲڵİǾⱱŻ˵ı쵹Ǽߡ
ֻ֪ͷĿұôѵģǻҪǿߵԼǰԼ
ҪΣˣ㣬㣬׼ˣͨͨ



1885 һǧ
䣬ǸоԼǱһ㣬һɿֲϢܣǾ֣ʱˬʵЦԵˣҪɱңЦδ⿪̫˰ɣ
ȷ޷ʹǱ齩ӲĺܣΧĲǿ߶Ⱥȵû뵽ҲǸǿߣȻסˣߣˣ㻹Ӳǵĵģ
ǧλǿߣżλǿߵˣ漶ǿҲʮˣǿʵȷûη山һˡ
˵֣ով䶷Ĳ٣ϢƬ̣סǣ
ָмͷл㣬ɷȷ̫󣡡
ҡͷ棬֣˶ҪҶҺӦǣ
ϣֻˣǿǡ
Щġ
˵ھڶ࣬˵ĲţӦǣ
Ժס󣬴ǿȫűһȺżλ۷ǿߣǻ嫣Ȼ뽫֮ء
վԭûƶ벽ֳȭȭĵбŷһâ󱱱ȭ˸ֱӽǿɳȥ

һҽ˳˺ѷΡ
Կ㳡ɫȫȥû뵽ⱱǵǸǿߣһôļһһȭͽǿɣʵ֪λϻûĶ֣
㿴˱һۣЦΪһгֵĻᣬڿȫǴ͵Ĵڣ
ʵɲ⣬ǰЩǿߵУûһ˻Ǳ֣ոպڰΪ漶ǿߣԭԼʵģû뵽ûгֵĻᡣ
ٲȻһBOSSĴڣЩǿ߿϶ǽǱ飬Ȼոձһȭôλǿߣĥӡ
ǣʲô£漶ǿôɱɱ
ȵ
ߺߣǰ㶼ϧԼ
ȵһƻؿһʹѪ屻ڿС
ԿһĻﰵûпڣĻҲ³
ֲ̫ˣⱱʵѵô
һЩ˶ڰ˵
㾹ȻҽϻˣƴЩǿҲҪɱ㣡
ʮλǿ߳ű
ǵ漶ǿߣĿ׺ݣȻ֪ǿǲñܹסǵĹơ
Ȼһ̩ɽһΡȻ˫ȭԼȭʹʱȭСʹһ㣬ȭֻ֮ͣԳһȭ˲һ
䣡
ЩҪɱǿߣȫڵء
棬һʼѪڣ˿̵ȭһưˡ
ûٸǰϾλ漶ǿߵֶǱĶ֣ٶʲôأ
ңſڵϣûؿھʹⷬҵսҲǰ仰˵
ԭĵΪɱ練ƣȴû뵽ʵһôЦⱱȻһ˭Ҳ޷ƥеǿߡ
˭˭Ҫɱ
ȵ
һƬš
ûа촫
Ѿˣ˵ǶĶ֣鱾һᣬ˴ŹҰɣ
Źô
ЦһƻԺ³һֱſڵϣҲ̶ãǽ콫ץסǻŹң
㵽ͨͨɱô
˵
һɪɪӰΣҿ򱱱Ŀ⣬˵ΣǼ幫鳤֪ոյ䶷ΪλͻȻֹͣ
κ˵λϵ˼
ȻܹԸ㣬ô֮ͬһϣܷܲԸ㣿
ȻԣԸΪЧͣ
ܺãðֺһ䶷
⡭
εȻ֪˼˵ã֣壬Լ幫鳤ǵ䶷ûֹǻص̨棡
Ǿ֮ɫ˵ңȨҲǰֵĶ֣
Ȼ£Ǹħͷһվ֮Уһˣʲôġ
˵ʵ֣ǱȰǿҲҳְϾҪǲ˱˼߻Ὣһȫɱ
οһ۱߹ЦôһսûУ֤һսԲƫ̻֣ϾҲһߣƽŻܹģ
ұͲǰֵĶ֣Ұ׼ǰλһ壬ӥң׼һжϼҵȺʹ䣡
˵
Ҳǵͷһ䶷ֻΣô׼ҳΪλһ壡
һ壡
ͰжǼ
˷ܵıסһԵ㣬ЩҪ֪Ļĺܣϣ㶼Լǰ᲻ñɿ
ҲǸоЩʧ̬˵˼˼̫ˣһ壬ǰ׼ڳΪһˣ
ǧǿߣȫȻǼ幫鳤׼ҳΪһ壬Ȼǲݸıġ
Ҳʵûа취ԼȨʤǰ֣ܲ׼ǵһˡ
׼ҳΪһ壬Ҳ˵棬ܹǴϰ˰ɣϴξӪ⣬ӹȳһˣ˵ʵҶЩⲻȥ
ϣϿǸ˵أ㲻Ҫⲻȥ֪ǰ׼ҳΪһ壬϶˷ܷģ
˵
ͷĿ⿴Ժ˶ӵϼ˵ڰ׼ѾΪλһˣ㻹
ģģ̫ϲɱˣϣλڱУҿҪԶλʷˣ
˵ֻǣƺһ飬ô
ʲô飿
ʵ
ƺʲôֳΪʤߣǺ֮ĶԼô
ּ
˵
˵Ҫ˳Ķӣ
ֻҪһصұ֤гŵ
˵
㣡ԣҪΪĳô
˵
ⱾǶԼ˻ģ
˵
ʵǵԼжԼᱻ
㿴һĻ΢΢ҡͷ벻ԼֵıҪûУǧǿ߱ȫͶˣԶһϤӰҲǴ󲽹ȥʣʱ㲻Ӧڴ˵дһ̵ô


1886 ü
ʵҲûãǿǿҲһ԰ʽ׷ǳ㣬֮ʱҲҡҡͷСӣҿûôףҲҪһջỨ˭ҵģڿַǷ
ȷַǷǿ߻Ѿ￪սˣǣǧǿ߶Ȼһ򵱹أĪ
ͷû˵ʲôע⵽ԭѾҪˣϾѾͶ˵ҸıˣҺԵ뷨һһжԼ
ţ
˵ʶʱΪܣԽҪɱҵ˵ľٶʮζһ·ԼУ
ư磬ףԶЩңȷҪնɱǣ̫򵥡
ߣ
Ժ˵
Щǿ߶뿪
ڼ幫鳤ȴǱסȲҪߣ
ǣϣ
Щⱱλ϶ˣڴסҪﰡ
׼ҳΪλһ壬㹫ģɻҪǼ幫᳤һ飿
ʵ
ҡҡͷѾ׼ҳΪһ壬ǻ᳤Ҳܸıˣ
ȥ·һ
Ц
Ż᳤˽Ļһң
˵
ðɣֻǲװ׻ȥˣ
˵ˣ
һңл뿪˵
ʱҲ򱱱˵ϣǴ˵ʣܹһ棬ʵң
λϣǰʵⱱ۲ΰԣʵˣȴôʲа㵡ټϺĽףӾñҪⱱͨùϵС
ͷұͲ̫ϤдԺ˫Ӻģ
仰Ҿͷˣ
˵
ʺͱû˵ʲôеҲĲˣ˵㣬ھͷسУ
ţ
ͷջҲǲС˴ĺڰʯʹԼʵȻûлʩչδЩźⱱȻûڵɱȻҲһ
Ժǲ򱱱ģһ취Ը
ȻǱɱλߣλ潫ҵУʱʹƽա
˺ܿصǣҲֱӷؾ¥䵱У˹Դ֪Щʲô£뷿Уûвһ£һ߻ôҪôðǵģ֪Ҳȥأ
С˹˭أ˭
˵
˹һعͷÿ㣬ߺ죺ңûʲôأʲôʱ
Ҳˣô
˵ϿвϲԵķˣ
Ե㶫ɣ£
˹ҡҡͷ뵽ôʲôʲôһԼ֪ԲȡЦҵģߡ
Էʱ򣬰˹Ҳڵз飬ҲǴµĺ˵һ顣
˹ҲǼ˵ԸҪð׼ҳΪһ壬û뵽ôʵأΪеˣ
ţ׼ҳΪһ壬ҲŶˣڱȷǸõѡ񣡡
˵
ʵϣûа׼ҵİԱʵҪҲ׾ٵ飬Ȼڱʵ㻹ǲ̫˽ģΪλλҲһԡ
㣬ܴܲҺúóȥ䣿Ҫ춼ô
˹˵
˵˴еĲٺڰʯҵȷʱҪ̫ˣҪȥǰ󣡡
ţ
˹Цݡ
֪ΪʲôŰ˹ϵЦݣһֽȸУҪ֪˵˹ڵʵûнģҲ˵˹ʱпܵȺΨһȰ˹İ취ǰԶܲҵǸ˹ʩļһ
Զܲض֣ҲĵڵʵҪǹȥضûаʤ㡣
Ȼнڰ˹ǰǲɫСԴʧ֮Ҳϲȥ߶ҲֻԼԣŻЩȫУʹڵӴ󣬵ǴԸ˵ǰİ˹̫
ڽֵϣݣҲǱĿȻⱱǵг൱ģвѾǰҪΪʦˡ
˹ֳҲ˵ԺֵĻҪˣĻҪЩŪ
Եǳ˴ˣȻⱱеŮ˶ŰͰ˹λ绨ŮˣǸûа㾺
ǱеĻҪ̫࣬ҲʦĲΪǱǵĳʦνŻѪٲȻȥҪϳǻҪ
һ·Ͱ˹˼СƷ꣬˹Ҳ˼СȻһЩŮӱȽϲĹΣ˹˵ΰԸԳ׼ҳΪһ壬ȻҲҪģϣϲ
룬治ǵЩʵŮˣĻЩΣǻᱻǶʮǧȥġ
㣬㿴Ǹܿɰ
˹ָָһޣǿɰҲǵͷ
ϰҲ˵λǱָӰɣ
ͷϰٴ˵λ϶ǰ˹ΪǲʹǱôǿأǵĶɲҪǮ
⣬ɲУϰ壬ҲûǮҪĻҿɾͲˣ
˹˵
˹ϰǱɱģָӽ֮ҾѾҪָӣҵѵҶҪǮô
ϰ˵
˹ҲǵͷҾˣϰ壬л
˵̣˹Ҳ˵ôκޣȫǵϰ嶼ǮԺǲܺˣĻЩϰɵ׬٣
ЦҲܹң
˭ôģ
˹˵
뿪ڣʶȴǸо˿ΣٳͰ˹˱ƽ
˵ߣ˹
˹ԣ㲻ƭûΣգһһߡ
ǵһˣȷվһλǺͳ˶ˣһɫӣȥȻȴһ԰üек䣬һı͡
еʿЩ죬ΧԣһʵǴʲôطģһͲǱǵˣ
ţǴ㻰أ˵
ô
ü˵˵һңԶĵطأԶܲʶô


1887 ֮·
Զܲʲôطû˵
㵽˭Ǵĸģǲļϸ

ЩʿüƺûнȻ߶ʲôߺߣӡΪӳҵô
׳գȻǰװ⣬ץ
Щʿǰü˳ȥ
ȻǿҪץסü˵ʱ򣬺ȴǺȵ޴ļһȥɣ
䣡
һЩʿüϵȫըûһҴߡ
ɱˣ̳һ˹ȥû˸ҵס뿪Ӱ
Ͱ˹뿪ǣһֱУٶȲҽ˹ʵ׷ǵľʲôˣ㣬㾹Ȼ㺦£
ӦԶˣڵ쳣ǿ󣬾漶ǿߵҶûоԵı㣬ϴʩչվǲˣ
˵
⡭ôǿĵˣ㣬Ҫȥ
˹˵
ұܹڸסڵϢģǲ֪Ϊʲô˻һֱǣѾλã˹Ҳ취һκ˺ģԲᣡ
˵
˹ͷʵڲУұʩչͲŲ˶֣
˹ǿ󣬵ڵ֮ȴ˵ǣ㵣İ˹ʩչ֮ٴγ֣ǵʱʹǰ˹ˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ǰüٶȸ죬ûйã׷ˡ
ü˵˹㻹ҪҰ·ô棡
Ͱ˹Ҳͣ˹ȵ˭ҿɲʶ㣬ΪʲôҪץң
˭Ұ·ˣӡȻðɣվҰ·ĶֻǸǣԶĻҳԱ·ɱĸ˹ҵĵܵܣȻҿɲΪǵģǣԶˣұȥ
ü˺ȵ
·򣬰˹ȻǲаӡģЩ֪룬Ϊܵ·ʵǿ
˵ãҵҪжǿҪ˴ߣȴʬϲȹȥɣ
ߣ޴С
·ȵĵгһɫУ㿴ǵɫڲϵĻһɷҲǽڵɷȫ۵ұ۵С
Ҫ֪ͻλǿ߾磬Ѿ漶ǿߣڵɷǿ
ʩչȭһȭǰ·򣬺ûж벽ǵȭȻֱӱǺɫսȥ
ССӣҿ漶ǿߣָոս漶ļһҪɱңǳ˵Σ
·ȵл㣬߲а⣬ķʩչʧڿռ䵱С
ǰ·ʵ޷ƽķһֿһȴʩչĿƣΪոһܹ֮㣬û뵽Сܵȴһ
㿪һ֮ڰ˹ϳ֣ǰ·ȵСӣе㱾£ԭҵɷ֮ˣܶһ㲻ʮ壬վҪɱģ
ҲҪ¶㱾ˣĻﱻɱˣɾͲˣ
㽫Ѫ񵶰˳
ɫĹâնסˣһɲǣǰ·Щ־еѪ
аСֻһ漶ǿߵʵˣҲԲҵĶ֣ҪɱȻס
ϴεĵδ̫ǿ˰ɣҶоԷųɶֵɷ
ҪǲǿһὫٻôС㣡
ȵ
âҫۣ˫յ֮Ѫ񵶵бŷǿǰ·ȥ
飡
·ҲҴ⣬һƵĹƣ·֮ҲǻһӳվҲûеסһСؿڣЩ¡
ߣ˵漶ǿߣԶеĻҳԱҵûʩչأ㣬ǣضžԵİգĻΪô
·˵
ЦΪԼ˴ĺڰʯ˲ʵȴû뵽ԶܲйһѾɱԼˣǺ֮󣬵ȷҪʵûʵעҪ۸ɱ
·һ㣬Ҫ
˹ŭ
ҪʩչҲ˵˹㲻Ҫͷ
˹ڱӡȻʱѹ˷ӡֻҪʩչǹɷӡ֮ٴγֵģʱ˭ҲȲ㣡
·һ˿ǣʵǵİ˹ʩչģϾʵ˵˹Ҫ֮ϵģΪӡⰬ˹ͷӲٷ֮ٵʵһٴʩչĻԻٴܵӡ֮ķɣʱʹĻǰ˹
˹ûԥҪ׽ͷųʱһȴǴ˹ֻϧ㲻ͷӡıСˣĻھͿ԰ﰬ˹⿪ӡˣ
һۿȥһӰѾԣǱЩŭ⣺ԶҳԱ·ƺйһ֮Ե
㣡
ǸԶŻԱ
·оȵ
ߺߣ벻ɣΪɱû뵽ȻԡΪλһλߣ
˵
ԶŻԱ

ƺЩΪλλ棬һΪ
ǺӵԶǿ齨ĴڵɱԶŻˣȻҲǱɱĶ󣬲ûӵλ档
ҲΪʲô֮ǰһֱû֪ʵԭ
ܵģǡˡǿ߽ǼλԶŻȫɱˣ㲻ܻģ
·мɵ
ɱ˵ʱ򣬰·һСӣҲֻԶԶĿȼˣʵϣͲ̫еľ״
ǱȻվǰô
ĮǡˡĳԱӣͳͳɱߣҷĻᱨǣֻҪȱסԼλǴ˷𷴻ĵһ·Ȼ˵㻹ûʸҶ֣Ȼ׼ɣ
ͷųһɫâЩɫâƺ۳һСͿռ䡣
ǰ·㳡ŵ˫ȷնɱ޶жҿûа룬㲻Ҫɱң㣡
ǡˡͨͨͨͨ
ȵ
㿴ǰ·ȻǺɫռսȥҲûгû֪ǿռ䵱
·򳹵ʧ֮㿴оȻЩįλǿ߾ȻôǵһĻ
ߵǰ˵ˡȷԺĸ֮·ң


1888 ӿ
ıӰȥЩ㣬һڱг֣ѾܵϢˣǴǽѪ񵶰˳ԶŻ˵Ĵ桮١ˡѾҪǻȫնɱǡ١ȴǽǵĴ󷽽˸췭ظΪȡʱ䣡
˶٣ӲɣһӣɰĶӣԭһڣû뵽ˡҪǸϾɱƴǣۿǰһ̣ҷҪˡȫɱ
֮λ棬ʶԼʵҪԸˡˣЩ㣬ϢԼ
ѹ֮ͲҪ£
ҶΪǰǱеĳʵ̫޵Բȡ֮ұûȤֻϱ֮Χ裬ΪñеƽĸãΨаа֣Ļǻˣ
п˵㣬УûаҪΪλ˵뷨ˣ
ͷˡ飬λʱжţնɱԶŻ壬죬˵ö֮ԭҪԶŻ˷ǣˡ׻ٵ
ҪѰԶŻˣѣ
ҡҡͷΪˡĲɱֻҪӵԶŻѪǱСģ¶棬λϣȻԶŻˣҲֻǿǰ
Ϊǲǿܹ齨һȡˡҪǿһУһģ
˵
ͷˡǺӵЩǿɵǿˣǺӵǿ֯û֮һҪ齨ǻҪǿ㣬Լûаգ
ѵһֱҪԼȥԸˡô
޶ˣҼǵЩ˵ģҪѰһʱЩȫɱ
˵
ôأ
ѽ֮ˣЩֻǹӲдĻλϣûһҹﲻҪЩɱ޶ɱ
飬ӣô궼ȥˣ޶ϣúûţ
˵
㣬㲻ҵģûܹ⣡
ҡͷˣȲ̸£ոԶԱ·ҲǴеĳԱʵףѾɱˣץͰ˹ģ
ţ˹ͷ׷ٶҲ
˹ڵӡǰ·ܹһֱ׷ǵԭ㣬һһ飬˹ԲͷˣĻڵ֮ٴαˣʱҶԶס
˵
ͷ·ȻˣԶܲض۵ϣ
˹ȻɱһԶҳԱ˵ʵڵģԶܲỨ̫ʱϵģڻӡ
ΣҶܵģҵʵСԶܲɳһǿߣ׻ɱңһҪʵ
㰵


С
ԹԹŪŮ֮󣬶ȻڣȻڵУܵĴжôҡ
û
ŭһ󳼡
󳼾ֵѾѰ᳤ˣĻӦû·ϣ
ߣ˵ˣǱǺǵģĻҲڶ̶ʱھñչزû뵽ȻǱǸǿߣڵǿ߼Ķ֣
˻е˶˭ǵõһǣһֱñûʲô£ֻãͷԲˣڱһЩºζ
ϣǱڵһսϺ֮ĶԼѾ·˽֪涼Ѿ˵Ǳλˣ
д˵

ȵλʲôʱˣҪ֪ǰƿһеģǱƾʲô
ƾľʵ
һ
˴˽һΣǼ幫鳤ȻҪڻ᳤ҡ
˵ǸˣĿ̺ۣǿֲ磬Ǽ幫Ļ᳤Ҳλ߶֮ˡ
Ҳ˵᳤ˣѾз֪ˣ᳤֪кο
һĮǱһ򵥵ʮ漶ǿ߶û취ʵȻѾö˵ȻҲûǵг֣ĻܽǱס
᳤ΪµһӦǰǵڸزΣ
ҡҡͷ
˭ҲصôһݶԼ飬飬Щ죬ûʲô˻ǵõģ
˵
ﰵ㵹˵ɣȻǷϣҪȫµ˳ǱĶӣʹˡ
Ǽ幫Ļ᳤ٿŸ壬ҿ˵᳤Ǳڵֱܴ裬֮ҲֻܶԸ硭
Ҫȥɱ
Щŭ
ң᳤γ԰ֻǡ
ˣ֪Ǻ˼ֻ׳֣˵ˣڰ׼ѾΪλһ壬ҷĵ飡
˵
ǰ᳤ǰ׼ڶѾΪλһ壬ǺڵıֱѾҪΪ֮ˣ
˵
ǳɲΪ֮ײӦÿǵģֻ׼ȷʵǸ鷳
˵
εͷ᳤Ѿ鵽׼ǰһֱڱĹȵУڶ࣬Ѱֲǿô궼ңڣ
ߣ׼ҵϣǰǾӦòλ֮ϣҪԸͱȽ׼ң
˵
׼ң
ǣ᳤ӦҲ׼Ҿڱ⣬Ǳ֧ԮʱĻ
ΣһԽ׼
᳤˻棡
Ǿϲ
ǻ᳤ѾûԳˣ˵ĻôǼٵģ
˵
᳤һжˣ㲻֪׼μ䶷ɳˣһа棬һа֣ǰֳΪʤߣһ壡
˵
ͷ
᳤ʲôʱ֣
ڴ˵
ȲһʱǱȷʵǸֵļһһºһºа취ͬһͬɱ
š
ãҾǱһ£
˵


1889 ٴ
뿪Щɻ󣺡᳤ǰ׼ѵֵԳôҪ֪㻹δֹأ
׼Ǽͷ᲻ȺǣôȥˣǼȻѡڱһǿƶõһһȻǶԸˣ
ǺâΣҶð׼Ҽλϵģ
ǣǱʵ̫ǿ᳤ҵ֣
˵
ܹηʮλ漶ǿߵΧȻѾλ涥ʵĿǰʵҪԸЩһºҪȫʬ
˵
᳤һº󵽵ʲôӣ
Ͳضˣ֮ܶǱǶ֣
˵
Ǻ棬ģҪ֪幫һ˽ģѾʷ׼λϵĵһ壬ŴηҲҪԼĿЩ壬Ҫ׼
֮Ը׼ңҲð׼׹ԨûаϢ
°׼ٴθҲǷŹκˣҲܷŹ׼ңͬڴͱһսΪڵźεǿʵȻλһǿߡ
ߣŰɣһº᳤һñеһģ
ﰵ

·򱻱ɱ֮ҲԼǿ߻̫࣬Ϊӵиǿʵ˹ԼԼҲٴȥһ˵
һǰֱӽ봺ˣû˸ֻΪѾǴ˵ѡ
꿴㣬ҲЩη㣬û뵽ôͷǵˣҴʴ˵ô
ţ㲻Ҫ¥
˵
ЩΣʴ˵ȷ¥ȻðҲҪǰ¥㴫
˵ֱ֮¥а㵡㣬Ҫ֪˭֪ʵǱеĸָӣȨ죬ʴ˶òмӡ
ûйã㿴¥ǴʣϵﶼûüҲĵո¥ɹʲô˵㣬㼱ң
ţ֪֣ѾǰЩڰʯˣԣٽʯһã
㻹պڰʯ
оȣҪ֪ϴοǼʯеĺڰʯȫյˣ
ƺܲԸ⣿
˵
ֻǺڰʯյԽ࣬ڰɵļҲԽֻΪеǣ
ͲҪˣֻڰʯģ
˵ģ˶ٺڰʯԺͨͨ˫
ǱеĸָӣȻ㣬꣬ȥʯݣ
˵
ʯݵУȻеһƷʵĺڰʯѾڷ룬ҲֻǾеĺڰʯһֶѣҲǴʱضдҲû׼ʹʿһ춼ʯݵС
ڶ죬ʯгʱ򣬴ʺ궼غţʿžʮ㣬Ҳ˵ϴʱͽʯеĺڰʯյĲˣΣҲ϶龧ʯûң
һʹı飬˵ֻһʯݰˣҾͲžеĺڰʯܷżʯݵģ
ʿɵı飬Ҳ˵㣬㲻ỹǴ˵ɣҪ֪ܽľֻʯˣٶҿò
Ϊڰʯûм޵ôھȥգҲˣ
ҡҡͷ
һ󸹷̣Сӱǹ̥ʱôڰʯھȻ˵м޵⣬Ҫûм޵ĻСӻҪҴеĺڰʯȫյ
֪ⴺﲻùҲ˵ǱǲҪڰʯģİɣкôǲģ
ҵ㣬Ҳ֣ʵͲҪǴ˰ʲô飬㣬յĺڰʯʵ̫࣬ڰʯҲ˶Ϊˣ
˵
ҽѾܵˣ´Ҳƻġ¡ˣ
ҲЦ
ЩΣǽ˳ȥشˣ˵ʴˣ嵽ʲôģôڰʯȻûа㸱ãҪңͱڰˡ
㿴öôλԭûʲôҴʿ͸ģһķˣԺҴ߽ˣҲһԵģ
Ǽɵ֮ɫ
ȻǵñǧǿʱӢˣٲȻΪλϵĵһˡ
һеջΪḻģʯеĺڰʯȫգڵʵҲѾһ漶ǿһΣҪֻ֪Ƕ̶һʱ¾Ǳ֪ٶȶҪȲѡ
صУʦҲǴ˹Щʱûк˵ˣҪֺ㡣
ҲǺʦ䣬оʦ˵Ļ֮ҲǸϽ˵ԼЩҪȥһˣʦſϷŹ㡣
˹ҲЦҸո¥Ͽܲͷʦһû˵仰ͻˣΪô
Ϊ̫Ϊˣ
ҡҡͷʦһˣȻҹȥ˵ҪһŮӳ׵飬һһңҪҪӣ
ͣ
˹ЦʦĬôشİ
һô˵˵ţ۲ݵҪ⣬ǵɾ޴Ӱ죬ϾǱǵĳ
˵ʵЩܲ
ЦˣǰûʦôɰأҲΪԼϲŮ˰ˣ㣬һû˵أûϲŮ˰
˹˳ʵ
Ŭ沿ѰһЩǺܿϧֻŵЦݣ㲻֪ôһֱϲأ
˵ĿɲͨϲŮ֮ϲʦҪȢǸŮӵ֡
ƺЩˣ֮㶮
㵱Ȼ֪Ⱜ˹ʵʲôϲŮôһлŲ٣뽫Щ߰˹һⰬ˹ͲʶϧǣԼҲᡣ
뿪ڣһǴ㣬˹ھͺˣҪȥأ
ʤѩŮȻƯµİ棬żּѾ֪зˣЩ׼Ҿ׼ڹٿôᣬԸһҪͰ˹ȥ
ǻȥ
Щ⡣
ţ㣬ɲܾܾŶǴϵķԸ͵ǴŰ˹ȥǹˣ˹ѩܵأ
˵


1890 ѻʯ
˹ԭﻹЩƣʲôʱãƫƫʱ򣬲˽һۣҲЩϲ˹ϴȥȣȻҲϲȻаѩС֪㿴Ű˹ϵϲãҲ֪˹ȥͷʱ֪ͨǱǣһμӣ
ţ⻰ȥϿһῪĵģȻȥˣ
˵
뿪֮Ͱ˹Ҳǽ뷿䵱УȻƣϾû˵ԼǰûϲŮأҿżһҪشԼոյ⣬ᣬѵҪȥһô಻˼
Ұ˹ϥڵذϣȻѾ״̬¸ǲ㡣
ǱһֱûϢҲһֱھ¥ʱҪ׭ȻҲʵȻȻķ
֮󣬰ǱϢٹ°׼ҾͻڹȾбôᣬҲǵͷӦʱһǰȥμӡ
˹£ѱȥȡ
ʱɿ죬תۼڱѾȥ
һ죬ȵҲַǷӦ׼Ǽһ졣
ȻΪλһҲóİ׼ʽȫλ֪׼Ȼλϵĵһ塣
ϽҲǴĺϲ죬һ£ǲɣϣЦݣҲڱ˴˵˵ЦЦΪ˶ӷĶҲûаȻ֪ıôᣬܻܿûԼ֣ԼʲôҲôͻð׼ҵԭ¡
ȵУһյأ׼ҵ˴ʱѾȫƬյ֮ϡ
˹ѩ˵Цʵ˹ôûʱ򣬰˹ͣҲ˵˵˻϶ģ棬ôȿʼɣҲûʲô
ҲǿϣߵͷԼˣǾȲˣǽյıôῪʼɣ
׼˶Ͷ𾴵Ŀ⿴ϡ
ЩС֪ʵϣôǰ׼ҵһϰߣÿһʱ䣬׼ҵļͻٿһαôᣬԴЩΪǰ׼͵ˣ
˵Դǰǰ׼ݣ֮ǰ׼ҾҲûٿűôᣬһûʸٿôᣬһֱӹȣӣ治֪ʲôñõģ
죬ұҪٿһαôᣬΪǰ׼ٴˣ
ٰ׼жǼЩȽϴܹۿͨһƬƺ뵽׼һ·ĲۣʵЩ̫ס
ˣϲӣͲҪ˵ЩҪˣǰ׼ҽܹΪλһ壬мǲòܵõģ
棬֣
˶ǵͷǣϣ
˶ǰ׼һ˲ţǰ֣ڼ䶷ϵı֣覣ҵһӦñõˣ
лϣ
˵
棬Ȼ䶷û̫㣬㲻һԼ׶ݣȨ䶷Ҳ֤ƷʣȻǰ׼ܹ֮ڱиҲ㵱ֵģû㣬ǰ׼Ҫһ壬죡
лϣ
˵
һˣȻ֮ˣǶǰ׼ҵİʵ̫࣬㣬ֻܽҪӦöΪ쵼ܣǰ׼Ҳô뱱
ϸո˵꣬ǸоЩ̫Ծ
ţһϢյС
Ȼһ˲֮䣬ʮˡ
Щ˰Ͱֶӡ󣬾Ȼǵʱڵ֮ˡ
׼ҵͷɣǾȻ￪ôᣬֻǱԼеҲˣھȻ䵽˵ƨˣʲô㾹ȻҪ
һͷȵ
ϿеЩҲǵȻ˵׼ңϼңӥң嵹Ǵˣߺߣͷ㣬Ǻθɣ
Լ˲ãˣѵǴΪô
˵ûǺθɣˣҪ֪ǿǲϵģ
ȵ
Сڵܿϧûг鵽ңĻҶȻҪ·ȫǹ⣬һûôÿС
ӥҵһЦ
㣡
лһƣȻһƣȴöԷʹȻǸ漶ǿߡ
ʮʵһⶼ漶ǿߣ۹ȣΪһ˵
ǾǼ幫Ļ᳤硣
Ϊ׼Ҽ˵ɣǲģ
˵
ΣΣֻǰ׼ͷҲǰûȻң죬ǹȳ׻ģ
ȵ
Ƕϻʲôôλ漶ǿߣҪǣ練ƣ
ǸոյϷӥҳ˵
԰׼ҵʵȷǵסôλ漶ǿߵֹơ
ǰ׼ûаϺȵҰ׼ȫҲ뽫ǹȻٵ
ߣϺͿ
ӥҳֳצֱӳŴϻȥ߿ȻһƻȵŷӥҳϾȻɳȥ
ŷֱۣʹ˵ҾȻͷǶ漶ǿˣҵʵͲĶ֣
˵漶ǿôֻϧѳΪߣͷӣ׼
֣׼ұóƷǱƣϵ䶷У׼ҵıȻִ࣬ѹƣʵǲףֻ˫ƵǵĵбŷһֻҰıӣӱϮֱӳŴϺȥ
飡
ǿнסһƣȥûаˣûа仯׼ҵıҲˣҪǰ׼ǳ˵Σ
ߣһ˵ΣͷӣͷҲΪҲ֪ոӲǵڵľѾʼ𣿡
ȵ
Ҳ﷢ϣǧҪ£ǧҪ
ǿջЦڽ죬бˣǰǰ׼ҾѾһΣһΣ³ң֣
˵֣üͷһ£һѪ˳
ϣ
ҪΪϱ𣡡
ٰ׼˶ȵ
ϣ
ţ֪㲻˽٣Ű泯űȥֻбֹסˣȿȣ
Ϻȵ
ߣҪߣǿЦͷǺͿˣɱľǣ
ӥҳϺȵ
Ϊ廹λϵɣȴû뵽𱰱޳ܣеЩڰЩ̾簡ǽʵҪ׼ңѻʯ
һڿը죬һȻ㣬Ͽȥ赭д£һƻϣɫâϵڣʲŻָȻ˵ǸϣҳЩ


1891 
ǿº͵ķ׭עڣҲúǾȣû뵽ʵȻô죬Щ׭ȻѾԶԼˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ㣬ֻоżλ۷ʵţȻǲһ۹ġ
ʱոպã㣬ǰ׼ȫˣ
˵
ţ
ͷ
ӥҳЦ㣬û뵽ҲֻʵҪԲǣֱ룡
㣬һոտǵϷ棬Ҫݺ
˹˵
ҲǷм
ҲһˣڵͦģƽʱûٶŮӶ˼ֻǿϧϷŮˣעҪ
ȵ
ӥҳϱ˵ҲǷŭ˫ֳצȻϮСӣǰԲѣ׼
ߣ˭
ȭֲȭĵбŷⶼһǿɷ
漶ǿʵ
ӥҳϸû뵽ܹ֮ǿǿ־壬˫צȻҪֻƬ̵ԥȭǻ˹
䣡
ӥҳϸ޷ֱֵӱײɳȥڲȻȫ顣
ſڵϣһϢ
ӥҼӥһĻжǿ־壺ӥҴ϶СӶ֣һ˶ʵ
׼ҼҲ˵Ϊܹɽ׼ңڿ治׶Ըģ
ͣ
ӥҳڵѪǾһұ𣬱𣡡
û˵꣬ӥҳϱ˫һգ嵱УްϢ
ˣ
ӥҡͷϼҼǱ˺ɱĻȻصӥҴϵĸޣ
ţӥ˵û˶Ƕ漶۷ǿߣֻȳʤȯɱ
ͷ
ƥ򣬱۵ҪʲôԸң
޾塣
һɫâɢȥƺҪա
һǰպڰʯѾͻƣΪ漶ǿߣһ˼ڷ׭ϣǰһ֮ͨڵʵǰ˵ĺҲǴ´ࡣ
һƣ
ƣ
˫类׵總һ㣬˫趯ŭһ糯
׼˼ɵıƣ㣬ȴ˿û⡣
ﵱΪǿϵף׵ҲûаʹС
ֻȻ׼ҵģҲǺܡ
һɫĵг֣Χռ䵱еһ㣬ǹ֮Ҫ˫ɡ
˿һĻͶô󣺡㾹ȻʵΪǵ鱨ֻʾֻǸλǿߣ

˺ѷεĽֻһ˲䣬˶˫۱У˫۾ȻʧԼ֮ϡ
Ȼɵˡ
ӥҼͶϼҼЩ˶һԼҪԸģû뵽ճ֣ͱնۡ
ɫЩѿӥҼӥ˵⣬ϼҼ˵ӦζԸ㣿
Ǻ£ǶϼҼֺγ£ӥŵøҪ˵ʮλ漶ǿһֶԸ㣬ѵɱô
һʼ֣ʮλǿ֣ҲõĵĿ־塣
Σ
׼ҵļλǿ߹ʵ
˫һգʹͷ亹ҧ˵ɱһҪɱ㣬ٶһ죬ǻԵѣ
ʮλǿ߶УĿ⵱ɱȻҪɱ
˵㣬Ҫô
˵أ
ݸһЦϵȻ˼ץ
Сӣʮλ漶ǿߣȻô赭дĸڿУѵӦһ㺦ô
ЩЦϴ㻹ֻоżλ۷ǿߵʵû뵽ô̵ӣǱһ㣬վһ򵱹ˣõʱҺͰ;֪֪߲Ϊȷѡ񣬹Ȼˣ
Ҳ˵˹ܸһ£㵽ȥôôܱôǿ
˹ҡҡͷӦһֱھ¥бչɣţڷܹˣҿɲа㲻Ѱģ
ó˹ģһ㶼ᱻǰ˻ܡ
ʵҲȷˣȻڶ࣬ʮλ漶ǿߣ˵ʵǵд󲿷ֶһ漶ǿߣֶ֣ڵʵȻɱ٣Ƕ˫ۣûаսη壬ҲǷӲʵ
ǿ֮սУȻ˶࣬ҲǲһƵġ
ɱС̫ˣǲɱ廹аô
һ˺ȵ
ʮλ漶ǿ߳˹ȥӰյзȭ֮Լǿȫɷ㡣
㸡ڿУ嵱еɫâŷһɿֲϢĵ˳
ȵɷ
յеʮλǿߣͷųҲȫһ

Ȼѳ漶ǿߣȻ֣ԶԿ
䣡
һըڿը죬Щǿ߹Ȼʩչɳȥ
ʮλ漶ǿߣѾʮΪ̫أʣµЩǿȫˡ
ӥͶϼҼۼʶģȻҲûʩչȫĻܷǸδ֪
Ӯˣ
׼ҴЦݣЦȻЩҵ٣ܳ׷ˣȻո׭ˣʵкܴģ˵ʵԷʮλ漶ǿߣҲǲаɣڣһƾͽЩȫܣȻʵѾһ޷ĵزˡ
׼Ҳ˷Ͽһ۰˵ΪУû뵽ǰ׼ҵ㣡
ף֪ˣԺһͰѧϰҲٽˣΪѾһλ޷츳ǿߣ㣡
˵
ҲǼոʮλǿΧ㣬Ķŵĳڣܳˣ˹ǰ׼ǻˣҪüʱǰ׼һΣգ
԰׼Ŀǰʵ޷ֵסϹƣҪûĻ׼Ҫˡ
˹˵ţ㲻ð׼µģһģ
ЩҴŵǿǲҵ֮ɫǲ֪ҪԵľʲôô
ɱ¾ô
ʱȴһ˿ȣȻиǿļһˣӦǼ幫Ļ᳤ˣ


1892 
ЩҴ߿ڿУȻûɱǵ˼ҲЩɻ󣬲Ƭ̣һǿϮâֳһӰڿУӥҼӥ˵᳤Ȼǻ᳤ˣ
ϼҲǵͷ᳤ˣ׼һǵģ
紩һɫӣ΢΢һ˦ǽɫâڳһŵѹȸС
翴һˣ΢΢ҡͷ׼ңȴû뵽ȴҪʰˣһһˣЩһ˼ȥô
᳤ɲһˣ֮нգ㲻޹ϵҲʵΪζ̶ʱձͻͽ
ߣҽˣλ棬ǳǰܸĻûκɣ
ȵӥľΪȻڶԸʱ֣еӶ磬ҲûбҪڼˣ
˶һ᳤Ҫ
ǸҪȴǻһƣؿƿһѪڣˤȥˡ
㣬ҪСģûг棬幫ᣬĹȫڻͨʵС
׼Ҵѵ
׼ͷҵ°Ч̫֪ͣǶȵУߺߣֻڵص׳ˣò˵ã
Ц
˵ΪʹͰ׼ҷĿ磬вԱУѵ춼Ҫô
˵
ߺߣСӣ㵹Ǻ֮£ˣҲûҪ֪ȷΪ˴ﵽĿģİ׼ңҾܹƿؼ幫ᣬհмĹ֮УȻλϵĵһˣܵУ
˵ԭΪҲλϺˣΪǵʵʵ̫ͣǰЩӱͻҵҪͷֻվǰȴ㣬㣬֪֪жô⣡
ʲô
֮ǰ鱨ϣʵֻλ漶ǿߣû뵽Щʱյͻͽˣһֱܰϧ˲ţ㽫еĲɱҲûϵֻҪϸң
ʵҪҸʲôңʵ㲻Ѿܹƿصô
˵
λʲôǸżλˣҵĿǳ󺣣ǸΪص棬ߺߣһ˿϶޷ʵôӴıģ㣬Ըң
ҵȻԸ㣬ǰǰ
ȵ
û뵽绹ͦбģȻҪǳ󺣣֮ˣ˭ָ֮Ϊѡ
㣬ҿһţҪ㣬û뵽ԼԼҪ֪ţûˣҲΪޣƽһУȫʧΣ
˵㾹ȻڣҲȫ㣡
۾гһɫߣ·ܹĺɫߣ㲻а⣬ѪȻγɫĵâŷȻҫۣǿȥȴǱǺɫѹס
飡
ȻȻǱȽϲ磬ǵɫ߲㽫ɳȥҲǰۺʵڵҾ漶ǿߣܹʤ֮ǰ磬ȴǱ漶ǿ߸Ҫǿ󣬿ѾǺͰһġ
·漶ǿߣձɱЩȻʵûеļ磬ȻЩС
㣬Ϊ㽫óܾ˵ʵڵģԶŻˡ١гʵ⣬ΣǽҪΪ
룡
ڿ֮ʵǿҲϾѪնĵ֮ǿޱȡ
ĵ֮ȵС㣬׼
磬ǵСȻŪ
һ
ȻǱʱλϣֹܹĿҲֻбһˡ
翴ˣҲڿͣЦǾĴҲ赲ҵɱ¾ֻǿϧʵ赲ң
磬ǰҲôŸɵ׼ҵôֻǿϧô˶ֻǿϧô˵طǱעλߣֻǼ幫Ļ᳤עƿأ
ҪƿҵȻܽǧǿȫܣң㲻һʤģܣ
Ц˶Щη山ϵɫûаη壬ԼѾʵҲűʤġ
磬궼ڼ幫ᣬһ;Լ޵У治֪Ǵ
˵
ߣƿλȫĹչ꣬ҽ컹Ǹӣ֪ո˵ĻжôĻˣ
ĿԴ
ȵ
ʱѾվڰ˹ԣĿһֱע֮ϵˣ֮ĴսȻλս
ȻȻΪֻһıչŻۿλǿ֮սʱǳ
һս˶λϵĶˮƽԸܻ磬ǰ׼Σӣ
˵
ΪλǿѾǽ飬ȴû뵽羹Ȼˣôٴε
ٴγֺɫߣ㿴ߣҲǰԾȣеĹâʲôȻԽѪ񵶻ĵ
룬Ц֮⣬λֲոӵš١ˣڿһ
ߺߣ磬Ҫ֮ҵĺڰռ
ĵлһɫռ䣬֮ǰܰ·ɫռ쳣ֲֹһ㣬ֱӳȥ
ƣ
ȵҪ˫е֮⽫ĺڰռ䳹׺飬û뵽ǣΪʵ̫ˣǺڰռ䣬Ͳ֮ƻģһȫȻһ׵磬Ǻڰռļз쵱
׼ҵ䣬Ĺû뵽羹ȻһҪ
˫۵׼Ҽ˵
ӵλм嵱еĹҶҵмȻ¯ֻ࣬ġ
ӹǺڰռ䣬緽Щңһû뵽ⱱеĻҪǿ٣Ϊֻ漶ǿߣ̫ˣ·ǵʩչŹпܽɱ


1893 չӰ
û뵽ʵеĻҪǿ̫࣬ҲЩд󣬱ϵĿ֮ɢҲ˵磬ǱΪڻôߺߣҺ֮䣬ѾûһսıҪˣ
ֻôʵ
ҡҡͷĳ绹к֣ĻֻɫȻûпˣû
ûк֣һôжԸĵҪ֪չֳΪԶԶ֮ϡ
ԭǲ뽫ŹʩչģȻѾұƵˣߺߣҲ˲̫ˣ
һĨаЦ㹻սɱ
ʱ̧ͷһգǳ˵Ǿ֮գܹǳɱ
ҵǳ
аЦݡ
ͬʱ˫죬յУʱЩǳȻľ£һ飬ܲſǳҪһϣһǳ֮ȻӿעԲֳ˾ÿֲ
Ͼǳ֮עڣѹôԲ˵Ҫɱ
ҲǾЩҪ֪ѡڽԸ׼ңȻΪ׼ҽбôᣬΪ֮գпʩչǳǳ֮ʱΪ
ҲǳһĨǣȻǳ֮ѾӦҲλ
Ͼ֮ǰڵУ±ǧλǿ߰ΧҲֻˡ
ǳ֮磬ȷͱһս
ⳡսʱǸոտʼ
㰵
зųâȻڴⳡս
Ťһ²ӣ춯ҲʹĿ¶ǳҽһϼ֮õģ֮պѵòһΣԾ׹ҲʩչһΣҲãʩչǳĻᣡ
ã磬гıѵû᲻֪Ǿ֮ô
˵ûйϵǳ֮ΣңȻܵģ
Ǿԣҽ첻ҪܣҪɱ
ȵΪֻҲܳ׳ưλ棬ܸӽӽҵĿ꣬ǳ󺣣
ߣΣ
ЦĵȻһɫռ䡣
Ǵ˿̣翴ǵɫռ䣬Ȼûη壬ȭһЯǳ֮ȭͷųȥȻֱӽĺڰռ䳹׻顣
޴ĺǿ𶯡
û˸һⲻһλʵ˭ҲⳡջʤĻ˭
ĺڰռѾƵˣûĻֻ
ȵ
ߣǳ֮ҲӦ˲񣡡
ȵ
ʱƵгһӰӣЩӰӻߣȫɢŽɫâ˵ǽչӰǳܷ֮ЩչӰƵ
㿴յһʮɫӰǱ˵ĽչӰóЩӰӵǿ
ЦʮܰˣҾͽȫƸ㿴
һħűǰЩɫӰ˹ȥ
ɱ
һ
ǰһֻɫӰƾʧ
Ц⣬ⱱ˵ʮչӰˣֻɫӰȫնɱ
ԽǿЦԽǵ
㿴ȻͬѰȻӰʲôܾЩչӰϿȥ˴ƤĻǼʲô
ұħһһۿűǰʮֻչӰʣһֻˡ
׼ҵ˶ΪеǣȥһҪֱӴ򱱱ĺˡ
ߺߣֻʣһֻչӰˣҿôҶ
ôбɱ
˵
ıƺûаη˼
ߣǿ֪ڷǳңαװģ
ȻֻչӰ¡
ʱ˸еȵһĻˣ
ֻչӰȻ˾䣬ֻӰӶǾȣӵǳ֮Ҳû̫ţ˫ֳƵȻֻĽչӰȥ
䣡
޴Ȼʹ綼ȥ
ôܣ
ҾȻ޷ǽչӰΪʲô
š
ȴĮ˵չӰȻʮֻʵϲûа㹥Ȼ㲻Ըǵ֮£
ɱʮһֻ
չӰÿɱһֻӰῪʼߣɱʮһֻչӰʱ򣬽ЩǿȫעһֻչӰڣӦ֪ô˰ɣ
˵
ȻˣСˣ
籩ŭû뵽ȻˣĻ¡
չӰڵǳ֮ʵ϶а취
ǽչӰһζķأǽ
Ϊ˵ֵסǽչӰ˴ǳ֮һ޷ǽչӰɱ
ѹס簡
ﰵȻҲȻӵǳ֮չӰԣԼ˽⽫ŤתӣǱҲǻŰ취ЩչӰȫɱġ
ֻȻ˱Ȧס
ûѡɱЩûаĽչӰȥԸĻʤƽᳯ
ֻڣһֻչӰӦȻǱĶ֡
ҲǷֻ֣չӰУڵǳ֮ҲĵԽԽ࣬ǳȻǾǿظʹõģ㿴һǿգʱѹȥ
ҲԤʾڵǳ֮ԽԽ٣ȻʧΡ
ҲǺڲѣҪ֪ոֱӶԸĻѾΪһʬ壬ڣǰֻչӰӦˣҪǱٶԸĻǻ˵á
ڵǳ֮Ѿĵһˣ޷ʩչǳ֮ˣȥĻҪչӰɣ
ߣ
ʮƣΪϲߣѾע޷ɱ뱻ɱԣҲѡ
㱾Ϊסȥ·Ҳû뵽ȻϷ޶ԣɫϿ룬ƺҲʲôʱҲǿڣ㣬ڵ䵽˽չӰϣȥ׷ɱ磬СΪ
ţ罻ˣ
ҲǸո뵽ΪǽչӰôǿԭʮֻչӰԣΪǹӰӵбȫ
ȻǸ׷ɱĺûᣬûаɣ


1894 ɱ
ߵӰҲﰵСӣȫעչӰУˣ޷ǳĴҲֻ㽫ɱĻǺ
ǻߣվҺͱս¾籨磬Ǿͺץˡ
ٶȺܿ죬ܿ׷磬߼һˣҲǶʱͣСӣǱȷʵҲ֣㣬ߺߣҪҲȫ㣡
ôŵӣ
㵭˵
Ȼûǳ֮ҵΪȴԶ㣬㣬Ҷ˵ǹģ㻹ţ
ȵ
һߺ˵һ߻»ҪһԸԼ
Ҫ֪ûǳ֮ȻҪСġ
ߣ
Ѫٴγ֣ɫĵâҪһ㣬ǱѪҲǰһܽɱܶһ
Ҫûȱˣ
а¶ȻһҰĵ֮磬ߺȻôʱ㾹Ȼ֮ոо޴Ľ
ô£Сӣô̶ܶʱ
ѵʲôطɣ
Ȼסĵ֮Ƿǳǿ˵Ҳ漶ǿߵʵۻΪжǿһʼ۱ܣΪѪеĹŻûоѰˣڹŻ꾪ѣߺߣ磬ɣ
ɵѪеĹŻꣿ
֪١һЩ棬Լò˶µľǹŻһ»û˵
ϴ󣬺ϻôɶʵȻֻж漶ǿߣʵϣǶԸ漶ǿߣû⣬һｫûаأ
Ǿսپɣ
Ҳǰ
յ֮Ȼĵ֮ޱȿֲҲǲа㵡ȫֵȻ֮ȻҲ֤ʵոԷ顣
ﰵԾСӣǹ죬ѹָһ·׷ɱԭΪѪеĹŻ꾪ѣҪɱ㣬õѣ
뵽ʱˣֻڵԼٶȣ·ˡ
ҲֻнɱŻ֮ǣĻռ㣬ȻΣգ
˭ѪеĹŻʱѣ粻ԣҲǾӲƴ
ô
㵭Ц
һôСӣҪΪʵܶԸң̫㣡
ȵлߣ֮ǰǰЩϵģʱȴȻѪͷųȥ
ҵĵ֮ͻҰһĳȥ
֮ɫѡһεĻԻѡ
Ȼûǳ֮Եֵס֮
䣡
֮ҵײ
·նҪһ㡣
类Ѫ񵶻ĵ֮ɳȥѪؿڴ˫ǷߺޣҴûҾȻλϣУһС㣬㣬Ҫǣ㽫ɱ㽫ʧȥһǺӵĻᣬ⽫Զź
Ǹҵ벢Ǻӣ
һƻ磬ߵ
뿪ʶȴƺʲô򿪣Ȼһɫ鼮
ǳ
ĸ֣һЦЩջˣǳŲܱȻһɶõĹ
ȻС
صȣ׼˶û뿪Ȼڵȴ㣬׼˶Ϊ֮ܣ׼Ҵ˵㣬Ѿǹеˣ
׼Ҵûܹɱ磬Ͼ֮ʵ໹еģܹѾϲˡ
ˣ
㵭˵
ˣɱ
׼Ҵϲǲ㣬̫ȡ
ţûǳ֮ɷ̫ԲŰܸҵģ
͵
뽫ѪйŻѵ˵ϾɱУԽ֪ԽãȻҲû˵ıҪ
׼Ҵϵͷȷûǳ֮ɷضҲ˲٣ҲģϾʵҲ
˹˵ոȥ׷磬ҶЩ£Ȼɱʵ̫ˣ
˹ҪһȥģǱȴǺס˹Ҳʩչôڵе֮ٴμʱ˿ɾȡ
ʲôɵҿɲĶһλ棡
˵
˹һůЩ󣬲֪˵Щʲô
׼ҴϡһЦţôᣬӦøлʵˣ㣬ˣǰ׼ѱ縲𣡡
ҡҡͷϣҿ㻹Ҫȿδǿ߲ǰɣ
˵صҲ嵱б˵ǿ߻Ȼڰ׼ҿյϣǴʱ϶ſ־壬°׼ҲŹǣϾǰð׼׹Ԩ
ɱǣ
ܶ׼˶ߺ޲ƽ
ҲҧͬǰЩˡ
׼Ҵ˵ҲẦǰ׼ˣ
Щǿǿ־壺£ǰ䣬⡭ʹǻֶԸ׼ң
ߣǵܺߣǲôɹģ
֪Ǵˣ幫ʵǸѾΣʱ̣ϣ׼ֹܳ
ӥҼӥ˵
׼Ҵ˵ǰ׼ֹҪǳΪ幫Ļ᳤ô
׼Ҵ¸أ׼Ѿλһ壬ǲ幫᳤ǸȻң
ɢ幫أ
׼Ҵ˵
ɢΪΣ
Щ幫Ľ˴ﵽһ˽ʲôԸʵô
׼Ҵ˵
ȫͷ
ȻʹøʵΪҪ幫᣿
ϣ⣬Ѿ֯˵ɢɢأ
ӥڻѡȨô
ңҲңϣȻӦýɢ幫ᣬôҲٶԣˣ
ţ
׼Ҵϵͷ
ϣǾŹˣ
м
ѵɱǣܸıǰЩô
ϣԲ𣬵飬Ѿı䣬Ǳض԰׼հٷǰĴ󣡡
ߣֻҪǰر־ˣڿɣǹȵУɲǵϢȾ

ȫ뿪ȣ׼ҴҲǿ΢΢̾ϢôҲû뵽ĶԹȻģԤϣ
ţ٣׼ٴλ˿϶ϣ׼һָǰʢʱڵģ㲻Ҫǰˣ
㰲ο


1895 Ӱ
ϵͷҲֻˣϾѾˣ幫ɢǰ׼ҲĲǰٳһˣ
ϣұ֤飬һΪĿ꣬Ŭʵ
˵
Ǽ㣬Ҫ֪һʼʵǶ̶գѾܹɱ磬Ȼ츳츳ͬȻҲŬҪԣҲضЩ̿Բô졣
Ҳ˵֣츳ڰ׼ǼѵģضɾͣԸܴ׼һֱΪλһ壡
ֵͷһм

ڹȵĵ죬ҲǴӾ޵߳ңɫǲڿյؿ㣬Ҳ˵СӣȻС汬ˣĻɱˣ
㽫һôشиңҪûаãʧ
˵
ʱҿҲЩûпȫܾӦлɱǱ⼸ϸϸһ룬ǵʱûбСĻҶмĿܣ
ҡҡͷԼǷȱȫ
Ҹûȥɱ磬Ȼ׷ɱ㻹ô
Ц
ţаˣ
ɱ磬֮УȻҲһɷ֣
˵
ȻȻģǹŻûоѣȻӲѪ񵶵ʱ˵ǻɱ磬ܲɱǲˡ
һҪɹҪһģ㣬㲻عǫʵҶûмʶأ
˵
ָˣ
ü˵ƺоЩ̫Ծ
ȻҡͷչӰһطҵʱʵѾֻطпܶԸ磬ȻʩչطҲҪһֱЩӰ
ʩչطһЩõģҽΪעչӰڣҲ£ҵʱӡˣ
ʱӡˣʲô˼ѵ˵Ѿûɷˣ
Ծ
һǽչӰǰڵѾƵˣȻҲֻʱģֻһҪĥӡİ취
ûнɱǻҵģϾô޴Ĵأ
˵ˣǱ̫У羹ȻʩչǳһǾ֮գ±ʹ˼Լİ취
˵ãʵ̫ĻҶпܱش
ͷ
˵ôо㻹Ҫһܲ˵ô
ҲǣֻǶһЩ棬ֺ֪
ôӣңΪҲʼˣ
ἰĹȷҪ
ѵи֪ѣ£ǰ¶кβɣ
㡣
֪ԶŻѪأԷܺҲһλ⣬ԣ˵ӡ
û˵ȥ
ͷȻ⣬СҲ֣ðɣ㣬˵ĲԶŻѪȷ쳣ΪǿԷͣҲ˵Եûз֪ͨ඼ҪһʵģԶŻӵļʸͰˣ
ȻһܴǣҲǰٷְԶŻ˵Ѫ
ţ
ûҵȷǰٷְٵԶŻѪȻҵѪŨҲǼߣ츳Ҳһ޷ƥеģ
˵
ͷҲЩ˽ˣ
㣬ΪԶŻѪ֪жôôĸĸǴԶŻˣĻѪҲܴ
˵
ĸĸĸǵͨľˣҲѹˣ֮ԻҲΪͷ硭ǰձ˵ĸĸӦԶŻˣǡ
벻̫ףȻҲûмȥܸоЩպһԸģԼҵ𰸡
ȥûΪѹʵģԶŻ˷ܺѣҲԿǺεϲԼӣȴǲɱ¾飬
һûѡһֱڹȣߵѾ׽صʦҲǽżС
ҲǹĿżԼģϵĴݶ࣬Ϊ˱Աĳ֮飬ҷĽԲԱκβΪ֮ϴЦ⣬ʦ˺ˡ
˵һﳹ׾ˣʦӦأ
ӦϣҾûнѾ御ˣ
Ҳ׼ǣ
ʵ
ҪĻڵͿԽôΪҪȵڣ
ʱʱδ죬ڵĻ幫Ѿȫ԰׼հеĴ󲿷ǿ߶ԸģǴ󲿷ֵѾȫʧˣ
˵ʦΪҪĻǻֵô
ѹ϶ŸʾϲҪٶԸǣ
ߺߣĵͦõģֻҵȷϲսʦһŸǣ˵֮ǲλͶϣұȡ׼
ǣȥ죡
ʦһȻϣԽǿԽãϾǱǵĳǱߵĴˣݵλǱͳһʦݽߣûǲȨġ
һ㣺˽ӵżı飿
ҾǿһúȤģ
Ц
һ֮ͬʱӵż
ǵıǷḻʱŭʱ£ʱҧʱץͷϻԼһ棬Ϊʱֻ졣
һͷء
ԣǱǲǰ·ⲻǸϾɱôͶϾˣҪǸλ⡭Ǳƽ񣬽λô
ģҿ֣λڵеεУҿ󲻳ӣ
ֻǣǲձ˵ĻҪֱնɱ綼ɱʵֻǸǿʲô
˿յС
ʱһӰȴƾճ˻δӦԱ

Цȴע⵽߻ˣȻһһӰӡ
Ӱӣ۾С࣬ȻλϣҪɱǱҵǿһ֮
԰ǣ
оȣƺЩš


1896 
λ߶ʶһʣϾӰӳֵ̫ˣֱӴȻʵˣǸʵӰӵݡ
ôС࣡
㵽˭
Щŭ
Ҫ֪һôˣȻһĳƺС࣬ǿλߣܵ裿
ߣŭôҪˣҲֻܳʱú÷ŭһˣ
ô֪ģѵǱˣ
ô˵Ըǵģθأ
ҪԸΪʲô
Щɡ
λϣѾˣȻǱһ޵У߻ºĴʶҪıƨһﾹȻҪԸƾʲô
ĿͬѣôƾʲôԸô
ֻǵʵ
˵
ǵӰӾȻֱλǰһɫӶƣʯɽλŵ˶ҪɵˣһԶԱ
С࣬ڻҪҵʵô
߹ԶˣԭҸոյðİűӣ
ʵɱԶһԱ·漶ǿߣвûɱǲ̽ʵ
ٴλӰӣ˵ֻҲһֱ˷ʱڴϣҪ߱ɱ
ֲƴӰ˶ǵͷкηԸֱȥǣһϵģ
ҪͶ
⡭Ͷ
졣
ûгյѡҲȻͶĲô
⡭
ΣȷոҺͱϾȻǻѡͶϣȻλҪʹ֣ؽεУϾ֣ǻţֻҪţз̵ϣԶ˳֣ȴǸǴһ˿ϣҲʹҪˣȻɻ˵ľ
ͶϣǻҪͱһ棡
һ棿
ڱУĵ̣ͷʶҸýǵͬعϢ
ô˵ǾˣǵնʹȻɱģ
е̣
λ߾ǱҲûаԹԣһ뵽ֻҪɱ˾ܹٴƿλ򣬶Ҫ֪һֱǵҲˣܹ赲ǣ

ѹʦӵߵẕ́ǰС
ʦСȻ˵УͲҲӦ˵ΪϣҪλҲϣģϣǰǻλ
һ٣
ҡҡͷΣҶҪǰȥһ˵ģνˣ͵Ǽһɣ
ţϣ鷳
ʦ˵
УܻвҵĴڣǰҿֹֻȥУ㣬ڱǶ㰬˹ɣ
˵
ʦЩףϣ㻹ǽָӴϰɣʵǿҴϻ۾ǳ˽
ʦʼվڱԣǾ԰ȫһ顣
ҡҡͷʦ㲢֮ˣȻ֮Ҫľʱ䣬㻹ŸҪҪȥͻƣʱȴǼΪеģȥһ͵չˣصǣ
ðɣϣѾҲö˵ʲôˣⱱһõģ
ʦ˵
ʦ뿪ʼվЩԾܾǿŶ裬ǱûĻǰȥ˵Σա
УҪȥ㣬ɲǺ飬ڱΧԽԽϳʲô⣬ǿ˲õ飡
ʦܿڵľ¥С
˹򿪷ǣʦҲǺòʦѵʲôô
˹ڲڷУ
ڵģ

ʦЩƣĲʱȻǲܽˡ
ʦʲôҪ飬ҪҵĻһģ
顭
ȻǳҪʦԥҪҪ߰˹Ͼ¹ϰȫɲġ
ʦ̫أ
˹Щʧ
ʦҡͷ˵ţðɣҲָӾҪʲôʱ鷳㽫źҸѾӦˣҼ̶
˹ӹżϺļʦҲ˵ʦ㲻ļȻѻ
ðɣϣʱ򲻻̫ĻҿҪĵˣ
ʦǾᡣ
Ϸţ˹Ȼڱչصе㣬ҲǾߣЩȫչὫʶͷųȥԣϢû֪˹ǰ뵽㰡㣬Ҫأҿʦӣһǳ˴£ܻôŵģ
һֱȵҹ˹Ȼԣûƶ벽ΪҪ۾ĵһʱ̽Ϣ
Ƥƶ۾Ҳ˹˵㣬ˣ̫ˣ
ţ
㿴˹ôЩҪ֪չصʱ򣬰˹һ㶼Ƿǳĵȴأǿ˹Ҳֻǻ¶Цݣõķ˸Ʒ
Σֵĺܡ
ʦҽģ˵ǳҪ
ӹź֮üͷ΢壺ȥ
ţʦ˵ȥˣǼ̳
ˣ
ҡҡͷ˹Ҫǰһˣ±Σգ
ôܣʵôǿնɱ·򣬶ҽˣʵѵλϻж֣
˹Щ̫ܲնԸ磬ѾȫɷעչӰ嵱Уڵڣûаɷ
˵
ˣǱǿƣǿߣ󲿷ֶǼ幫еĳԱôܻȥԸأ
˹
㣬ǾþǱûаΪˣ԰ֵ˵ʵҲ˵
ȻҲΪҪǰȻǣǱضĻⱾǶһٵ飡
˵Ըܹסʱ䣬˹ˣ
˵꣬һһ뿪¥
ǾҪͶϣҲô鷳飬ضиָ㣬˭㵹ǲ
һ·УҲǰԸˣĻһ


1897 ɫ

С
ֻ˰һˣţУܱƣҪ֪ûɷ飬λֻ
ԶУ˿Ҳǽһ˵Ȼسŵû뵽һˣ
ϻͲǶ˵ˣźҲ˵ˣֻǼ֤λģ
˵
λ
ɫһ䣬Цû뵽ȴˣ浱ǻὫλ˫ַô
ϣСģΧвǿߣ
ѵ
һЦߺߣû뵽ЩСʦǲһΣ뽫ɱ
ƾʲôͳһ㽫֣λѾעʱڣ
ôаɱ
ҡҡͷſڿӵûаɷǰҲһǿߣҪԸΧЩ׾١
ϣɱǣ
˵
УȷвǿߣûһǼ幫ĳԱ
幫Ѿ׼ȫƿأǱд󣬰־Իòٰ׼һ𱣻ġ
ƾǣҲԸϣֱ
ֺȵ
ʮλǿһȫ򱱱ûаη֮ɫֵǰһ򵱹ء
ʮλǿߣʵһǰȻףپżλ۷ǿߵʵ
λһ漶ǿߡ
ȻҲУܹҵǿʮˣǿ߶幫ȫƿأ޷֡
ȫɱˣ
˵
ֽ̤鲽˫һ㣬ʮλǿߵļл֮ȥ磬ûֵ䣬͸ܴɱˡ
Զ˴˿һۣȻЩ̫ԾʮλǿߣԶɳ鱱ʵģȴû뵽ֶǶ֣ǷһȺ
ʮλǿ߱һһɱһУλԼ֣ûһˣ
ɫѿΪǷ֣Զ˾Ȼûг֣ҪԼſϳɣ
п־°ֶɱǣҪ֪ʹֶҪȻԼɱĽ֡
ϣȥɱǣ
˵
ͷţǼȻȫǰɣ
ЦſλߣҲ˵ҪΪλһͬʱնɱλϵˣ
ȻӦµˡ
Ȼһ˲֮䣬ֵȥ֮ȴڿռ䵱ʧΡ
ô£
ֲš
ԤıոЩһֻ̽ҵģ
Ȼ˵ɣȻѡҪֻ߹ڰк˼
ţȻ˵㣬Уɱ㣬練ƣ
һӰӳڰǰʶĺȵ㾿Ǻˣ
ԷһӰӣֶ֣Էǲˡ
Զˣ
˵
ôôѡ׵İ취Ļǽ뱱ٰɱ㣬Ǻѳɹ
ǵıͷʶô
˵㻹ûоԵİտɱң룬Ϊ·ô
ߣɱ·򣬾ѾעˣֻҪɱ㣬ٽ˹ܲ˼ˣȻ֪ӦҰȻҪһƴ
ԭҰ
㲢ǡˡ֮ˣĻǲô⹦ģ
ҡҡͷ
Ҳ֪ˡ
ҰԶˣҪɱңҪ
˵
Űִƣʾˡ
Ҳǵͷ
ʱǰһһӰǰ
Ȼ֮ǰԸʩչĽչӰ
չӰ̺ž޴ĳ֣ҲҰЩɵﰵû뵽ⱱΪǵǿٻĹﾹȻ
Ҫ֪ҰͲûаɷĻԲ
չֳƣҲԲһްΪļһûܿǳ
ߣһӰˣնٽɱ
ҰһȻһɫӴֱӽ𣬱ڽչӰı֮£ûа⣬ǲ㱻ʯˣϾǵǰѣûеΪߵʵ
ɫһźɫ棬չӰڱǰЩȫɵ
ҲһӰұ㲻вܻɱ㣡
ҰȵӴ峯ǽչӰײ˹ȥ
޴ȵչӰ䡯һչӰȻɷ㣬˵ֻǸԵĹײɳȥҲû뵽ҰȻڽչӰܿǻصǰûʹúɫײ򱱱
䣡
䣡
䣡
һδγչӰһδαɫײɣȻٻصǰ
ֶЩɻΪαԳֽԷţƺû˼ѵѵŽչӰɣ
ҰҲһӵⱱѵҪԼôȻһֻһֱԼԼȻվ
üͷ΢аãչﵱȻ̺ȫɷҰܹɳȥҲ޷ɱȥչǲᲹɷģ
ȥչҪʧԼǰʱҰɱң練ƣ
żʦģȻ᲻ͬ
ڿȷԼһ衣
䣡
һγ
չӰʧڱǰҰǾ޴֮У쳤ХƺŽ̡
⣬ϣ㡭
ߣ֣ùң
û뵽Ȼ˵ⷬѵѵչӰΪԼûʵˣ
ϣҲҪ㣡
ֵڱǰ
𣡡
ɫ˻һ帩£һ״л֪޷ֵȻ׻ȥ
ϣܣ
ҵҪûһ㣬һǶЩ֮ǣյУһЩҳƮ֪ǲǰֵʬ屻ճ˻ҽ
˫ͨ죬ֱֱֻ¶֣Ǳģ
ߣȻԶѡ˰ĻĿǣ
ţˣû뵽ǰôǿȴǱʵҲ֪ô£


ɫٴ쳤Хһնصĺ֮˷ܵɱ¾֮
ʱյУҲǳһĨ֮ɫ֮ɫܿ콫֡
һɼǿķӭǺɫ쫷棬һӰӰҲЩ


1898 Ԯ
Сӣ㣿
ɫȻٴλˣյͽȻֵˣһĨȣϾŵĿǡ١ľȻϴ
ԭ˭ҪԶ˻޴ڣ
㵭˵
ɱ·ΪܲôСӣʱⱱұһֱΪλǿߣû뵽ֻһˣĳ֣ѱһɱ
ҰٱҲܿѾû˰ΪǹǱʵǹʵϱѾûκα֮
ò˵ֵʮּʱĻ
ñǳ֣зֵĻô
Ц
ʲô˼
㵱Ϊûʵɣ
ʵΪβԸңң»ǰװ
һ°ˣñҪںһµ
˵꣬һƣֱӽϵɱ
һǺңոǶ׼ԵĻѾһˡ
Ұˣ
˵һ̣ҲǸ߸ϵϣһλһֻ̤ŹصĿ档
ǵô
㲻˵
ҰȻЩɵ˵Ź֣Ǳһֱ֣ѵթĹﶼǰǱ
һʱ֮䣬ҰϾȻаɫ
۱ȴ򶨵ĺܣŻҰȻҲϣĺǲ޷ıʵ
㣬Ǿʲô뷨ʲô
Ұȵܴ󣬵Ȼڲסĵĺ¡
նɱһûо԰սɱЩԼİΣ
ûʲô뷨ڿ㣡
ң
Ұɻ󣺡ʲô
ԽԽǺ£ⱱȻһֱҪңѵ汻˵ˣֻɱô
֪ҪɾʹµˣֻһֱԶܲûˣڣԸһᣡ
һ᣿ߣ㣬㲻ҪЦˣΰԶԱȻҪǸһᣬλô
ҰЦ
Ϊλ棿
˵
ʲô˼ҳһʵЩ²͸ǣѵҪǺӵиɳʲôô
Ǻӣô
˵꣬жСӣǻǹˣʱ̣ȻӦ䣬Ҳ˽⵽ҰǸôϲ֮ˡ
Ǻӣ㣬ںҿЦôƾǣ
ƾǣȻټԶŻ壡
㵭˵
ʲôԶŻ壿ܵġ
ҰƺʲôˣҲˣ˵ԶŻˣѵⱱҲǣ
ߣ㱻ˡеɱ
˵
ˣԶŻˣ
Ұ˵
ͷҰǽɱ˹ܲµĹͿʲôܲ࿴ô
ҰĬ˵Ȼɱ˹ܲȻֻǻһϾǻѪⱲӶԶͷ
һСģ׷ŵΣߺߣ㹦֣ûбΪҵˣ
⡭
ҰȻЩȷ˵İû
ˣǣǲǺӣҲܹǺӵһ
˵
һ
ⲻ֪Ƕǿ飬ĳλǺӣ
ԶŻˡ١Ǻӵеһ档
˵֪жǿĽԼݣԼǡ١
ָָŵѪ񵶣ѵ١㶼Ҫȥô
١Чڡ١ģ
١ֻǵĺܣΪһλ̫ͣãǣֻҪܵ鷳ǣеѪ񵶣ǡ١͸
ﰵⱱȻ֮ǰдҰĹƣҲǺ֪ܿԼ뷨Լϣ޷졣
ϾڶԸҰֻȡӲƴҪ֪ҰʵȰ·ҪǿеѪ񵶵ĹŻٴν˯ߵУûͶԷӲƴ
ܹԷı䣬ΪԼߵˣΪȷѡ
ҰȻĵĽŵУʱȴ˵Ұˣǿ϶ƭģ㲻Ҫǵĵ
ҰһһɱڵĿ⿴㣬аѵһﻹϵ
ҪȻԼԼ鷳
䣡
Ұĵгһ棬棬ֱӳԵȥ
˿ҰѾǺˡ
ߣһūһ߶߶˸ɾ
Ұ˵˵ûⱲʹһûлҳԱѪԣע˾ⱲŬҲԲ̫ҡҲˣһǸɣ
ͱһۣ󱱱˵ҰһΪȷľ񣡡
ȴǰȵָΪһὫʺúú㣡
㿴ֳҲ뵽龪һĻҰɱһĿԼͰ˹ʱɾ鷳ˡ
ھǿƭסҰһʱҲԲƭסһԼҪӿҰ֪ʵ飬ضᱩŭɱ䣬ʱ򣬺롣
߽λɱҲǻصУһЩȫڵи׳Ƴа㷴˼
ϣѾˣϣ
˵
ˣλ϶ˣ
ǶǾȡ
Ƕˣڷ
˵ǶѾ֮ǰдǾ˳λźɣ
⡭֪£˵ھͬô
ڶ鱾ԸǣҶһͬʣ֮һʦһЩ飡
˵
ǣϡ
д󳼶˵
ǵȻԵôģѾҪˣҪǣӭһλµϣһλͳһϣ
ȻԸıλʷ飬ҲԸһλϣܱȸް㽨Ҫõ̫ࡣ
˵һ飬ҲûȤȥһҰɵȥһЩ飬Ǻص˱С
صеĵһ飬һȭصĻǽ֮ϣȭѪۣǺʹġ


1899 
㿴ģҲ֪̫ãȻֵĴ
پһ㣬ʦĻֽȻúúõģǰ׼ǱˣȴǱһˣ
ҡͷۿͨ졣
˵ֵ޷أ̫ΪҪǶԸҰɱΪֱ𣡡
ֻɱҰΪֱ㣬ζļʱĻҪˣ
Щ̾Ϣ
ϴΰ·նɱңǱ֣ͬ
˵
ðɣҲҪ콫Ϊԭ
˵
ͷҲǻص¥С
Ұĳ֣Ҳоѹ˹Ҳʵˣô
ûˣ
˵
ˣ˭µĶ֣
˹Щ档
ҡҡͷλǿߣʱûʲô⣡
˹ڷ˵ֻҪԶ˾ͺˣҪǳֵĻǰ־Ҷ
ôԶˣ˹㲻Ҫˣǻûô췢ְ·ģ
˵
˹Щɵĵ˵ͷǵԶǰΪҲЩԶ˵Ŀֲ㲢ûܵ˺
˹һǱ飬Ҳ˵ɵѾͷ˼룬ԶˣҲǶֵģȵΪ㹻ˣͽڵ֮׽ʱȻܱشǰİ˹
شǰİ˹ôǣڶѾϰԼأ
˹˵
˵ӵǰļĻϲǰԼ
ǰİ˹ȷˣңҵһŮеİ

ֱ֮ҰصǵУҲǵıΣգҲǽС
ҰȫˣȻ̫ǱϻҪҰ곡ϷģұǴ˵ҰԶеǿߣȻڻŵʲôλϣӵеģԸ㣬
ϣʵ̫Ұֻ׷ǺӣλϵûаȤ
ⲻǿǸʹͣɣǱ㶼Ѿȥ˿ЩҲûаˣȰҴΪɣ
˵
ҹ
ҰЩϲ
˵ĲʵЩԶܲûȥЩһϴȻǼ˼һ顣
ţҪǺӣҪš١Ļع飬ûлǱȻκжģԣʱ汾ȵ١عͼƣ
Ȼ㿴ңƴǾЩ̫˵ȥˣ
ҰͷӦⱱ˵ҲϾ١ǴһûлȻȻҰȥƹһҲȷһȽˬ飬ܹһȨ۷塣
㿴һӦ飬ҲһϲǼҰȥٶʱûᷢκβ׵ˣҲΪȡʱ䡣
Ұ뿪ǣҲ˵㣬Ը磬ǳ˴ҪԭΪѣ
Ҫ̫ѹҲһὫҰɱģúôһʱɣ
˵
̾˿߷緶Ҫ֪ԭλϵĶǿߣҪնɱҰ׾٣Ϊ˶Ըȡǳ֮磬ΪעչӰУȻʱҲֻ취ԶԸ硣
ֻ֮٣ҲʹñʱûԼΪԭĻѽҰնɱﻹǰ
ҰϵĴ󳼽ҰΪһ㣬ҰԶܲӵеĴܵµʱ̣к󳼿֮󣬵ҹҰȥǵ˼Ů͵ķ䵱С
վȨ۷֮ϣҰòŪŮˣֱǶԲԼӵеȨ
ƺܾûкúڴϷƸһҰȻЩС
Ͼ޾ɷǷҪȥЩҳԱթȻУŪŮˣֱһ
汱ǲλһֱһ㣡
ڼŮߵҰȻֲ˼ȫԶ
ʱȥɿ죬תۼ䣬һ±ǴҴҶ
Ұǳ򵥣Ϊ߸ˣֻҪʱед󳼿һλ飬˽һһЩʱ䣬˻УóʵǷ
Ұˣ˵ǴλλϵģһǱߵĴˣԣŻӹ
һŮ˫ֱͷһɰ״˵
ҰݺŮ˵ظ˵ǴλȻߵĴˣҲϣϾҵѪǳ߹󣬶ʵǿȻҪң
ָӺأ
ŮЩʵ
ĸŮ˲ϣԼĽµһ
Ұҡͷ˵㣿СӵȷʵûȵģǻСӣҲҵģܸ޴棡
ҰˣôһΪǱΪĸأû뵽ô
ʲôҾҪƿȨҲǻҵģСһ׮ˣ
ƿȨ⡭Ұˣʵǰˣ
ǸŮ˽׵һߣֱ˽ҰĻУҪٴ´һΡ
С˶㣬ҰλҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬ǱҲֹҵģ
Ұ˵
Ůǽ⣺ҰˣⱲӶߵģ
ߣҰǶԶ˵ˣ
һҰɫһ䣬ȻϤٴδҿɲ뿴Ů˴սĳ㣡
˭Ұˣ˭ҿڳԣӦɱɱģ
ž
Ұһ˦Ůϣ죬ӣ㣬ǰ˴
ŮˣҰзɷŭ
ٽﴩãϵУһλϣȫȻûа˵˼ȻмַΪ˼
ҰȻŭī˹Ǻ⣬ΪҲλ棿ѵִʲô񲻳ɣ
⻹ĸôһ񣬾ȻôãҲ̽λ浽׸ʲô
㡭
ҰȻɫһ䣬ȷ뿪ܲѾ̫ãʼնǻɵģī˹˵û뵽û뵽һﾹȻѡۣͬȻһӶλ浱طߣȻҲȷڣŮͬȵܲһ򱶣


1900 ī˹
ī˹ޱˬʵЦҰһԱĳ
Ұȵī˹㾿ʲô˼ҵôߣˣȥǻ㱨ɣǲҵľģ
ľ񣿾λһӣ
ī˹ŶȣЦ⡣
ߣЩҲ˵ī˹֮ҷǳҵľ񣬲ұ֤Զܲһ򱶣
Ұ˵
ܹǺеһ١һսǺӣоûаڵ˼ʧΣ
ҿǷˣʵǿҲԶĵˣһ㲻ɣǱʵҲԶŻˣ
ī˹˵ңǰˡеĳԱ׷ɱû뵽Ȼӵʵֽ
ԶŻôܸлѣҪԶŻ˵Ļ񶼲һ£
Ұ˵
㵽ЩʲôǶԶŻˣԶĳˣҴǲŹǵģһᣬͶǣʲôô
ī˹ȵ
źߣǺȰһȥôֻϧ̫ˣ
ҰҡҡͷҲûôõӵлҳԱѪˣΪʲôҸٱŬ˸һЩŬܽ롮ˡΪˡеĳԱҫǧΪʲôҵҲֻܸһЩĹ·Ǹ׳նִ߱ɱΪʲô
ī˹ԸܲĬĬţǱЩҳԱѹҲνҲͬҲЩӹŵ棬ⱲעҪԻ͵ģߺߣھһᣬһô
ҰЦ
ī˹˵ʲô᣿ҲţǻܸʲôԻ͵Ļᣡ
㻹˵ҴʵʵڵĴԶŻȫΪˡẦô
˵ʲôҪԶŻأ
ī˹зųâ
ԶһѣҲ˵ЩģȻٶĻҲ͸¶ˣī˹ǲȥģ
㡭ΪЩԶŻȫܶԿôˣ˿ǻǺӵǿߣܵУ
ܵУô١أǺӵĴε˭ܶԸ
١Ǹ⣬ԶŻеĴÿԶŻ˶ǡ١һĴڣ̫ˣ
ī˹˵
ҰЦҸ㣬١Ҳһߵأ
١Ҳڡ
ī˹զ࣬оЩ˼飺ȷô١Ʈ죬Ǵ˶޷䣬㿴ˣ
ǱңֻҪȵ١صλ棬жʱǲƭҵģ
ƭ㣬ߣ޴ǵ㽫նɱԲ˵ôһĽأ
ī˹ˣʵ֮ϣʩչߵĹﶼ޷ܣҪɱң򵥵ĺܣȻңϾԶˣṩܲ鱨
ʲô
ī˹ЩΡ
Ұǽչһ飬һ˵Ϊ㵱ҰѣϸһûҪ˵ҲǷܲҲԲ˵ģ
ǽչӰмˣ
ʲô˼
չӰطܲеղпʩ߻ὫԼȫΪעǽչӰУһʮֻչӰֻҪնɱһֻӰɱ
ҰͷΣ
չӰΪʩԽΪԭҲǽչӰеĸãո˵ǱֻǽչӰսˣûг֣ȻǺεģ
ī˹˵ûв´ĻʱȻûҵָΪİ취Źƻǣһģ
ҰһԽԽԾȷʱǰֶΪ˱ʱȻ֣֮ȴͬɱҽһϸȷʵΡ
ҰԴʵҲңС١ľˣҶȻǵĻ
㻹ң
ī˹˵
⡭
Ұ¾
ī˹˵ɺãҺһȥһ˱ǣʱһԱ֪
ðɣǱƭҵģҶȻҪǵȫɱ⣡
Ұȵ

ǣ֮С
ʦϵ׳ʲô飬ΪҪչôãѾһˣ
ǰǲˣˣⱱǵŲҽһκģ
Ϲˣǻ϶ģֻǸʱҴΪ飬һŲ֪
ʦбʦϾЩѾһûмˣҲЩɱ١
Ϊѵ᲻ֵԭô
ҲһһҪ֪ڱѾͳһôûг֣ѵеİշô
ѵ˵ϵĲֺʦʲôϵɣ

ʲôϵǣһҪ췴ɣھȻɵˣ
ʦŭ
ЩȻû˵ǹ֮λżʣʦλȨأҲǱţλҲпܡ
ʦôһЩЩɵϾʦⱱǵĳЩŵġ
еմ˿Ҳ쳣죬󳼶û˵ǹ⿴ǵʦȻǲԼ
ԼҲΪһǰȷûиչһµڸʲôȥչҲһ֪
ϲھˣָҲһֱھ¥вⱱȺףЩһﵹǲˣҪ
ʦﰵ
ţôˣҰأ
һ
д󳼶⣬ӰҲǺܿǰ
˵ˣǶʶʦҲûмҰˡ
ī˹ǴЦ⣺أȥҵʶ޷ҵأ
˭Ȼ񣿡
ʦ˵
Ұī˹˸ҪƣϾ黹ûˮʯ˵Ұǲܸˣλī˹ҵѣһҲΪϵ֣
ţҰ
ʦ˵ƺ˵֣ڱչأҲ֪٣Ҫеϼ죡
ī˹һҰ˵˵ˣǸһй˵ǱչأʵϾҪָԪֻҪָԪʱ
ұ죡
ҰȵĿЩɷһ㣬ŭʦһ飬ٲشҪеˣȫ


1901 Ӧ
ȫ
ҰȻЩŭˣҪǱī˹ԣڻָԪôȻǱƭˣ޷̵顣
ī˹еһΣҲȥŶȣһνģ
еĴȫˣʦǿ˶ߣʵףŵЩŲ
˵ô
Ұȵ
ʦŵɫ԰ס
ʱ֮⣬һӰҲֳʦˣҲǼ˵㣬ã⣬ˡ
˻֣˵ţѾ֪ˣ˶ǱѣϣҲ˴ţ

ЩͶո˵ĻİļһϾȻ˴ţƾʲôֲϡ
㣬ȥ
Ұ滺˲١
˵ҲҪ
Ҳ

һī˹˵λǣ
Զѣī˹ҲҪͶ
ţû뵽ս֮ǰֶһԱͽ
ս֮ǰ
Ұƺ뵽ʲôѵͿжˣ
˵ƺ̫ɣ
˵
ҰҲǿвٵĴɻĿ⣬Ҳǵͷ漴˵ʦЩ󳼶ȥɣɢˣ
ʦͷЩҶ֮Уٺ棬ҲԼ
㣬Ƕ߿ˣӦýж˰ɣ
ԣѣһǺŵù
ߣŲңҵ֪֪ιƻҰ
ī˹һȫ͸ı顣
Ҳаī˹еӣӦҪ֤ʵԼͱ˵ĶԸǷʵӦûԼ±ʵ
ҰλѣЩǰעִˣǰҪ˿ô
˵
Ұī˹һۣ˵ѲأͶ¼£
ðɣ㲻Ҫ֪ô
˵ҿԸ㣬ں͡١ϣȥĸλ棬һǺ
ٺ͡١ϣѵѾ֪١
Ұ˵
ţ١ʩչطñȥģ죬Ҳʱˣ
˵ȵǻصλ棬ǶԸˡʱ򣡡
Ц
ī˹˵ΪƾܶԸˣߺߣ㣬棡
ҡҡͷ²ҪǣȻˣȥɣ
ī˹Ǻ˼̨ô
Ұȵ
ī˹˵ҰҺ꽻飬ӰˣС١䣬ҪԿˡѰ·Ҳ뵽ʱɱ㣡
ˣûǣҰҪǵжعԶܲô
˵
⡭㣬ī˹ǻȥҲ˵ģ
ֻˣŲ˵
˵
˵ʲôҰɱң
ī˹ȵ
㿴һҰҪսǺӣҪȫ֣ǻȥضԴΪ˼ǵ֣ϾѾԶˣ
Ұżī˹˵ѵҶֲɣҪ֪㣬ҿʲô׼˵ģԴѵģ
ѣ
Ұ˵ڿҵѣǸոУŴѿѣΪΰ㲻Ϊҿǣңҿɲ֪صܲ׻˵Щʲô˵ûǵˣҪȫ֣
ȫ֣
ī˹ȵһƽ飺ҰȻΪСӵһҪҶ֣ǲȰ㣬ˣ
ī˹׼뿪Ұȵߣ
ī˹Ǻ⣺ɱң
˸ǷῴִɱɱĻˣţҰҪʧ
뿪΢һȻ֪ǸոԼûдõпԸԼ
Լ˵ȥ͡١ϵĻԲ˵
УײΪнĴڣûбǻơ
˵սûа⣬ҧһë㻹ûȤ֪ʤ˭
ͬʱУòˡ
һӰڿУ㣬û뵽ûȥ㣬Ĭ
ӿ£ѻָš
óʵѾȫԭ
ʶͷųȥ˵ߣУȻд򶷣
ţҰͬ
㵭˵
ҰǸһҲ˱ǣûȥȻˣ
Ǻ⣺ͬд򶷣Ȥ㣬϶֪Ϊʲô
㽫Ե˵˳Ц⣺СӣǻǹˣѰȻɱ
֪ôˣǣ
ѾԭʵĿǰΪҪԸǣס
ǹҧҲãϷȫףȣ̫˷ţֱӽȥɣ
Ц
ⱱĶȤζԼأûʲôν˶
ʱī˹ҰƺѾս׶Σ˵ʵʵ󣬵һ̲ѪǴī˹ұġ
ī˹Ŵ˵ߣī˹ùˣҰʼǻܱӦģһģ
Ȼǿĳ֣ѾԼû˰ʤ㡣
źߣеΣҲǱŪİɣ
˵
Σһƻģ
ûʲôһΰˣҺܺ棬ƾʲô˵ҰܱӦѵɱ㣬бӦô
㲻Ҫǰˣܹϡ١ҲԲǴ˵Ķ֣ߺߣҪ֪Ǵ˵пרоԸǵĸ߿Ƽʱ֪ôģ
ţ
ǰһרŶԸǵĸ߿ƼҵǺȤ֪أ
ߣҵĻôҿǲ˵ģֻǷȰһʱҪ̫ң
ϣСһֱǷĺܣͽɱʡ
Ұ˵
ҡҡͷҰոնԸˣ˼ɷ
߷֣ī˹ʵҲģ
ҰȻױΪҪʣǵͷش
ЦҲ˵ֻʣɷ
ǵģϣ
ҰȻ˼ƺЩԾ
ˣҳķȥ롣
ɷô
ͣµһ̣ȻһһɷĵбŷֱӺҰ
ҰɶʺѪգ˫ģһֱ˵⣬ΪΣ
˵ûıӦˣ
˵


1902 
ҰͷˮûзӦʲô״ȻˣһƱǽѪ
ʲô˼ѵⱱɱԼɣ
˵ǱӦ
ߣҰҪͬһˣҺ֪ҲµľǲǶԵģ֮ǰ˹ƻǣʵΪʵûиԭ
ī˹˵
ǸͷԵԶˣȻ֪չӰطֻϧһɱ˱£ɣ
˵
ԭģ㣬ƭӣȻΪ˲ȡҵΣǲȥⶼƭ֣ƭ֣ĿģΪ˸ԭΪȻҲ
ҰȻ˵ҴˣҺ޲õȫɱ
ҰҧӣЦ޲ýɱôֻϧһӶûˣ
һƽҰɱѪϣ૵֣ţǰ㱨˴𣬾ǰ׼Թ㣬ҲԲа
ī˹ҲЩ־壬򶨣ոպҰһսʵĴ󲿷ֵɷʱҪͱƤӳȥ㲻ܵģȵĿʱī˹˵֪ɱҰ֮ǾԲŹҵģȻ֪Ķֻ
ǵҪ֪ĶǷֵ
˵
ڰ˹ڵӡ
ī˹˵
ӡ
΢΢ü㵽֪ЩʲôֻҪ˵˵Ļұ֤ıҰҪʹһ򱶣
ī˹ŻˣҲ֤Ⱜ˹ڵӡȷһĵƣ㿴ȥǳⰬ˹
Ҳӡ֤Լ뷨˵ӡʦеһֻҪӡеɷضʧΣȻͷʹѣǼһ㣬ڵϵİ֢ɢȻҲҪͷӡʦĳ̶ȣӡһطʩ֮ԶֻҪʦܹͨڤӦĴڣа취ӡͷŵڣ
ȻΪʦӡͷڣΪҪȥĥһˣ
ʵ
ԽԶӡͷŵĳɹʾԽͣԶܲλʮǧӡܹɹֻһԭ򣡡
ī˹˵˹߻ħʦлɳˣӡͷڣ
ī˹һ˵ǺˣϾһȵ߻ħǲ룬ԶͷӡҲǺ顣
ī˹ûʣǼ˵ӡ˹ЩѱĥǻúúõģȻǱɷѹסӡٴεȵ˹ͷʱӡ᳹׳ʱ򣬰˹ӣ
ӣ
ĸ֣ŭ⣬ǿţûз
ֵ飡
Ҫ׽ӡҲֻһ취ҵͷӡʦֽ֮⣬
֪˭԰˹µĶ֣
˵
Ȼصеص㣬ֻҪҳʦ˹ڵӡҲӭж⡣
ʦǸûаϵֻǽ֪ǰˣҿɽӴô߲ε飡
ī˹˵
ҡҡͷ˵Щñ㣬ƺЩ̫˰ɣ
ȻҼȻ˵˹ڵӡ飬ͱȻЩ鱨Ҫǣ
ī˹ûԵ̫ңȻ֪ڰ˹ͷӡĵ˭֮Զ浱оٰһʢ磬оһʦ֮ıƴҲʢϵͷϷܶеʦμӣ
ţ˼˵Ǹڰ˹ͷӡʦҲô
ܲλԶʵǿʦԲܽͷŵ˹ڣʵǿʦضΪһʦμӴ
ī˹˵
˵ǺӵУ֮һ棬Զĵ̣ȥʦȲ˵ܷҵҵˣǵʵܹлųô
Ǻ֮£棬ȻҪǿڸλʵģλȻǾżλ棬ѾŲ漶ǿˣǣЩ漶ǿǼȴǲߣ浱УǼߵǿҲǷƼʻᡣ
񵱳λҪնɱ漶ǿ߰·ʵ浱УĲʲô
棬ȻѾΪԶĵ̣ī˹ʦ˵ȻǰҵǶ԰˹ͷʦͶ̶һࡣ
滹ȫԶ壬ԶĻȨģԱĲ̽ҲϸȻܲ΢ᣬҪһ˻ȥǲѵģ
ī˹˵
ЦôֻҪ棬һоͺûйϵ˰ɣ
˵˵ܲܰסᣬ˵ʵҲΨһܹʱڽ˹ڵӡӴİ취ˣ
ī˹˵ȻҲ巢ģֻҪص棬ҾԲƻǵж
ҪԴʵ棬̣
˵
ȴҡҡͷȵȣ
ĵ黹ǳˣɫصģ˵㻹ǾҪô
ΨһܾȰ˹ĻᣬΣգҲҪԣ
˵
֪ж漶ǿߣɲλ棬Ҫ
˵
һԵī˹ЩոҪɱֱҵ뷨㿴ȥֹǰⰬ˹ȻӦصС
ͷȻ
ī˹˿ⱱȥȻˣֻҪͬˣҲûа취ġ
̾һСӣ뽫ԶɱԴȥͷΪ֪пǸȥ޻صĵطȻˣðɣֻڴܹغϢ
ҡҡͷ춷ض˶ҲǺڴ浱лᷢʲô飡
ī˹ûҲ˵Ҳģ浱УֻҪܰģһ㣬ʲôʱ
ԽԽã
˵
ȴҡͷСӣҪȥˣѵ֪㰬˹ôϾʱһֱԹ޻ԵȺأ
ī˹Ҫú㰬˹
ͷȻҲЩΣǰû߻ħİ˹ڵİ˹ԼʱǶһֱԼĬĬػţһݰİҲжѣ棬ֻҵǸʦܽ˹ڵӡ


1903 ɽ
˹ھ¥УһȴĹֻеǣĵһ仰ǸҪȥ䣡
ҹɫˣ˹ɽ֮ϣǹ㣬˹ʵôͻȻɽ羰ˣҪô
ЩСԹϾڵİ˹ǰʵСŮȻϣܳʱȻһֱҲǷ⡣
أҲܳʱûп꣬ôҲ㵹Щϰˣ
Ц
˹Դ۾һգݽô
ͷǰɣ
˹̧ͷ˲䣬ҲǸպÿҹյУǻս˫ۣ˫ֺʮ촽΢
֪ԸҲûд
˹۾Цݣڹȵʱѩ˵ǣǻûڿˣͦϲģ²ҸոʲôԸ
£
ҡҡͷΪˣҲ϶˵ǵģ
ߣ
˹˵ܺɽϿãϲ
һ˿Ȼ֪ӦӦʱͰ˹˵ԼҪǰ档
ôˣͻȻ˵أ
˹Щ֡
Цûʲôֻһߣ
ʵҲǲûп⹧ά˹ǹӳ£˹ȷļãԣȻѪӿ
ߣ϶ƭҵģ
˹
ʱ˹Ҳɽ֮ϾȻһŮ
Щ֣һۿȥԶĲݴԵУһŮȻȫ㣬˵β˹ܿ
˶һЩעð˹Ļ
̫ˬˣɽϣˬ
ţţ㣬ûãż¾Ͳˣ˼һҪ

˵ɽϣѾһ¾ڲԶȻû뵽˾Ȼ󵨣ȻȻɽҰս
еҲʵЩߣ̫˰ɣҰսûһӾͽˣӿʼ֮죬ҹеǻ
Ű˹ɬı飬ҲǾúЦС椱ϾСŮ˼ﶮЩ飬ж֪ں˼Щʲô
˹ߣȷջټϸڲԶոյǳĶǵĳսҲǽ̫õϾˣҲ֪жûоŮ֮ʱȻžҷӦ
ͽȻ§ס˹ȫЩܸܵŨҵϢʹһ˲֮䣬ԾȻֶݿհס
һ̣ѾоԼҶ
˹Ųѣǰİ˹ڵûоŮ֮£ǵĵһӦȻǽţ£Ȼвٺ档
Ůʱĸоһġ
˹۾Ȼ΢΢ִȻûֹĸ
㿴˹ξժģҲ̲סȥ˹Ȼоͷȫ̵Ľ඼ƿأ
ˣ
˹˵
ûˣ
˵
ɽ֮ϣһˣҹ֮ϣǻâɽ棬˹ѾҪ˺һߣ˵ǲҾԶŮˣ
ѵ㻹һô
˵
ǰ˹û߻ħ᲻Լ
Ȼﻹ̫ܿ࣬ٲͰ˹ʲôȻֻһԭǾԼУ
˹۾ûа㺦±顣
˹ĵһΣȻ˵ǷƸ꣬پ黹ϵ㲢û̫ܵʹУð˹ڳͷּ֮һΣ
ҹеѾʧ˹Цݣ㱧ڻеĸоܺãһֱڴ顣
֮ǰԼϲģĻҲûа㿹˼
˹˵㣬ΪʲôҪң
ΪҪǰȥ棡
棿ʲôط
Զĵ̰ɣ
㣬ȥﰡλ治Ǻܺô
˹˵ѵҪҽڵ֮ô
Ĭ
˹ҡҡͷҲҪȥ㣬λҺòãһ˻Ầ£һẦǱΣգҪǻزҿô찡
ģ˹㱣֤һڵӡ׽ܵв
˵
Ѿô
˹˵
ͷ
˹ЩΣûȡ֣ܲ˯֮ߣҲۿ뿪ң
ɵϣΪһزôܵģ
˵
˹۽ǾӨ˵Щʲô֮Ǳ۾
ȵʱѾھ¥У㣬Լһһ㡣
ȻǾԲξͻؾ¥еġ
򿪴űеĳˮ˵㣬ɵϣ֪ʲôԸôһҪŻңһҪ

λϵһɽ֮ϡ
ī˹վϣҲԶԶĿǣ˵;ǧһ㣬λȥλĵطΪ˰˹㾹Ȼûаյǰȥ棬ͣȻûģī˹ֻһαݽ棬ֻλڴ߹
ţڣҺúտ˹Ҳϣܵ˺
˵
ţһ
ͷ
ī˹˵óˣ㣡
ߣ
˺ܿ콫ɷλĽ
λ֮棬ǺӵУֻ棬ɷҲΪĽʡ
λλ֮ĴҲа棬Ϊ˵λȻѾǼΪˡ
λ洩棬ȻЩ档
ī˹˵ʵֻǸΪǿλˣеĽ粢λϵĽһ⴩нػߣڽ浱еʱ򣬻һЩǿأǵʵҶģ
ػߣ
Ҫ֪λĽһƳ֣ÿһλ涼Ӧʵ
λϾžżλ۷ǿʵԴѹЩλ֮ˡ
ȻʵѳȼȻͲλѹơ
ī˹Ȼ˵浱еĽȻػߣЩػߵʵ׸жǿǷӦòӦʵˣ
Ҳ֪Ǻӵз˶ãܿ죬ѾӦһǿλǰ
ī˹ͷ˵浽ˣ㣬Ͻػߣ㲻Ҫ˵һпң
ţҵưôȻôҲɺˣ
ͷҲڴЩػߵʵ˵浱еһжδ֪δ֪ŸսѪȡ


1904 Ҫľ㣡
ܹоĴڣ˾Ҫ棬һɫȦȴǳǰ
ǽ⵱Уܹϡ˵Ӱī˹һۣǽػߣǹȥ
˷ǵɫȦУһɫ׵ս޸˵ߺˣ棬˭ʾ֤Ļߺߣ
̺żǿɷ㶼޷֪Էĸףī˹ûпŰ֣Щػߣǿ
Զī˹ҵĽ֤
ī˹ʾһŽɫĿơ
һƺڼ鿨Ƶʵ̶ȡ
Ƭ̣˵ͷţȷԶˣλǣ
Ͳ٣Щػ߻Ƕ׺Լ˵Ǻ˵Ķࡣ
ǳˣһĽƣ
ī˹˵
оȻֳһŽƣ˶Ŀ˿˵ͦ˧Ҳÿ˶ݵţ˶Խ棡
ǽػ߲ʱЦװ۵ģȲ඼Ҫ˧Ŷ
ļƤҪˣŮ˿佱˧ϰΪǱޣܻǷҪԼ˼
ɫȦ֮һͨͨϡܹˣҲֻܿˣǲԷ˵Щʲô
ī˹վһ飬˴˻ܹģī˹˵Ľƣǰиѣұһݣû뵽óֻҪίˣϾ̫ãոλػҲ˵ˣ˺ݣ
㿴˿Žƣֻд֣壬ī˹㣬ŽƵ̺һЩ룬ֻ߲ܽ⿪
Ƶûм¼òô

ī˹ҡͷ漶ǿߣɷıòǼ¼Ҳûõģƾһ˵ݣڣǵˣǾԲֲģ
ƵˣǸΣô
ոյ
ī˹ͷ
˵һúúñܣĻ֮Σ
㣬ȣֻҪ棬ұ˺֮Լ浱Уܲܳɹҳʩӡʦ޹أȻֻΧ֮£ī˹һģ
ŽƵĻѾǰҺܴæˣ
Ҳǵͷ
ī˹˵ǽ棬ȥ屨ֻҪŽ֣ǾǻҲûã˵ҲʦľͲҶ˵˰ɣҲҪŻȥҰ飡
ţ
ڣ㣬Ȼ֮ǰһֱɱ㣬ҼȻλûô浱Уһϣкܺõ٣Ҫôһźģ
ī˹˵
֮ͨ󣬱һɫȦ˽Ȧ֮󣬱ǸоΧѾ˲Ⱥ
綼ҪǰʶͷųȥһʿӿУһˬĸо
ԶеҪûʵĶֵ֮࣬ϣһЩ̻Ի͵ĽϡܹŲ߷ڿС
ûһ˾ʲô˼ģһֱ֮У۷׷ס
ǸУ浱У˶ߣڿУʲôֵأ
гõͦģֻϧ潲ŵԣбȻݵ΢

㻹û뵽е˾ȻôԽУҲȷڵϣеĻǻѸĿѧоרŷġ
ī˹λø㣬˷ֵһ·֮ϣ㿴˸ָࡣ
ЩĵҲߣڳˣ㵹ǿ˼ǳõǺûֻ̫ͷҷݣͷлܿ䶯
ī˹ĳ嶯ʱڶҪЩһô
޿κΡ
Ҳ뵽ǲȥ屨Ļܿû֪ʦְҵʱʦʱԼȻдڱˡ
ܿ죬ҵڵ򣬶ҪֵҪ̫ࡣ
ڵϣеҲи¥õһЩשͷѽӡ
ڵȻǺһ֡
ִһͷвٳ˶ƬǿĿǸӣûֵЩϵԽС
Ƿ
һеĳЩ˸㣬ƺ˵㾫˵ţģѽƸҿ£
ͷһ㶼Դǲľѣ澹ȻСš
˼һֱעѣƺܲģЩСϲǳˣϰ׾Ϳ߱ݣߣҪ˶ݣЩСǹ
һ㣬һ߿нӹĽƣһȻɵ۵ĸоϸ㣬һֲ˼ʵȿȣ㣬ǳˣ
ţô˾Ͳиɾģ
˵
˸ϽҡͷȻǣǳȻݣҲвϲɾģǳ㣬˶ܽԶܱȽϵģٺ٣ʵ̫ãſ϶㵣ǳʹģ
ʹҿûȤƿأ
Ǿ飬еûȤô
˺ȻһЦ˵ȥɣոջҿˣΪЩ˵ļһǱǳˣߣȵʦϣʦжô
Ҳ뵽ȷĽֵϣЩ˿ɫɫıĿ⣬УûһǱģֻЩ嵱С
ȻҲܿЩ˹ƺЩԱʹЩɾĳϡ
򣬺ܿ쿴һǺĽҲǳģ˺ܶࡣ
֪ҪʦһЩȻҪȥѰ𰸡
ߵſڣǿٻǸɾĳˣǴҲ룬Ŀ⿴ʱһֲţңǹԱƺֳˣˢˢĵͷȥƺǺûһ㡣
㲻ԣ߽ȥи䴫
ʦҪȥǳʹͳҪ˿ˣУУһͨͨУǿɲˣһҪһ󲻴˵ʹҪѹˣ
ţҪüΣ
˵ʱպЩֵĽⷿ䵱У˵ǸŤˮͰŮˣݣˮͰѾעܲ㣬۾￴˽һ⡣
㣬ˣҪľ㣡


1905 ʦ
ȻվԭأոյЩڸʲôѡʦϵʹֻû뵽һȥǸˮͰŮ˾ƤЦĿԼѡţһ㣬һԼƺҪ˵ĸо
Ů˳һһŤ߹վǰת˸ӣ˸ڵעҪ˱ӵķɧPOSSָԵָ㣺ʲô֣ȻȻǳˣźߣʦϵʹûˣѡ
䵱еҲǵͷһĿŮ۹⵽λ̫ˣҶ֪ǳ嵱ʲôʱһô˧ɾСӣο廹Ҳٿǣѹǰ
ȵȣܲһ⣿
˵
ţʣǵʹʣȻʰɣ
ܲܲʹ
ʵ
ʲôʹ֪ǳ˾Եô
Ҳ뵱
ҡҡͷ
ȿȣʲô
㣡
㰡Ҫ֪Щǳôã漴չʦᣬǳƱҪдŹʣԴıǳ󣡡
Ů˵һҪʹ¹峹֪ǳҲһɾ壡
Ĭ
ŮЩż㰡㻹׵ʹҪԣûйϵʦһʱ䣬һ㳹׸ı뷨ģģ
ţҪûʲô飬Ҿȳȥˣ
סҵ֣ˣֱӺȽɣ
Ů˺֡
òԵĵͷϽⷿ䣬˵ǲҰĻǿ㵱ʹҲûа취ģϾոѾܵǷ䵱еĳȫ漶ǿߣǸȽʵǿ
Ҳһʵʵ޷
㿴һ㵱һʦоԺĴ󷿼䣬ȻĽȥˣоԺеĳ˶ǳרĵĿԼе鼮ֵӵζ
㵹Ǿǰ٣Ҳڷ䵱еóۿ
ʦʷʦܡʦʦĴ²ͬ綼ͷ鼮ԽԽʦ˼ġ
ʦǺӵһǳ㷺ְҵ浱дڣһЩͼλҲڣʦʩչʽԽǿʦԽǿʩչԽǰ˹еӡһǿĿԽλ֪λʦǿ
ÿ嶼ʦҲ⣬һЩҪóɣÿ˶ԼıӣЩܹʦͷһЩǿ𿴳˴󲿷ֶݣܵ˵ıӣʵϳʦСΪһЩӵĴڣʹʱһЩʦҪǿ٣
㿴ͨ͸飬ҲԼҪʦѰ԰˹¶ֵʦͱȻҪԼĻֻǵʹȻܳɹ
ҪͱҪΪʦ
ãʦѪҲỳǳˡ
ҪΪʦͱҪҵԼıƳ棬Ҳǿһ˵׾߱߱ʦǱܡ
ţ뵱ʦ
иͷһ㡣
ô֪
һֱڿѾˣĻ㲻ῴôżģ
ҵȷ뵱ʦ
ˣ
ͷҡҡͷһһεĹƳ֮Ѿϸ½ˣֻҪҵƳʸʦѰԼƳĻᶼûУôܵʦ㻹ᣬɣ
ꣿܵģ
ҡҡͷ
ٺ٣ҡͷҲûãƶţҲûҵƳ氡
ƶ
ƶŸֹƳ棬ֻҪӵеʦǱܣЩƳᱻʱ򼫸츳ʦòٹƳȻֻѡһֻƳΪƳ棡
ͷ͵
ͷһƶֻһΣ
Ҳʱ⣡
ţ⣿
ÿʱǳ嵱жһЩмǱ˱ɵλѵǣʱĲ죬ǺܸܿϲÿһȵĹƶ֮գ֮ƶοţΪ˵ľЩӢΪʦ
ڶιƶ֮գжã
ʵ
ʲôҿɿǳ嵱еľӢأ
ͷ˵ˣҲûʲôȥմҲã죡
죿
аԼϵ壬Ļпܸϲƶο֮ա

ܿһȥҲǳ嵱йƶοŵʱ
ʮλȥĳţĿⶼǼ㣬ܿ죬ǰǳһ޴ܶܶ棬վŲٳˡ
ϣ
Ƕ
ЩϵУһ˱㺰ȽˮͰϲȻ˵Ĳһ׷ˣţζˣһû٣óλûٳԿ࣬Ƕܲǳ츳ʦҲǳδϣϣǶҵʺԼıƣǳʣ
ǣϣһ߾ȫ
һľӢܶ
ȺУһӰҲǳЩ徫Ӣһ£Ⱥзۣ㡣
㲢ɵľӢΪҲܶ
˵ס㡣
ߵ˵ҴλȻɵľӢ
ţﲢް¼Сӣ㲻Ҫɻأ
ɻأ
˵ҵĽڴˣ
ŵĽó
˱ӹĽƣһȴǴô£
ȳϣƺɵľӢִйˣ

ˮͰӹǽơ
ܿ죬˵ǰλˣôǼ¼ô
Ȼģ⡭
Щš
㿴һˮͰôŽóȻǿȽУȽ㻹ǳ峤ϣֲᣬȽ㱾Ҫ㵣ʹԣôһСæȻǲƴǡ
ӢǽܶҲȻҪ档
Ƚվߣ˵źߣʹ⣬û뵽ô󵨣ȻɻؽܶѰҹƳ棿
㻹ǰô
ߺߣ˵ʦģΪƶУҵƳΪʦ
ȽЦҪ֪ǳ˵Уֻвٷ֮һ˲ܳΪʦǼѵһ飬ȻǰЩӢǣһѾעӵʦǱܣǲǳδĽ
㣬ȵʦͷ֮ʵʵʹȥ򣬽ô֮ܶ£ұض׷ף


1906
ˮͰǼթı飬˵вô
Σ㻹еѡ񣬳뱻壡
ݣҪʧˣ
㵭˵
Ҫʧ㣬㻹ǸԴļһҰȻδ۹һʦ˵޹ͱȻţһԣ
Ůԭаȡ
Ц̫ţ˵̫ܴĺܿԼأϣǶԵģ
ⰲȵȷһЩ֮⣬ƤǱֵĻ㲻ȻϡԿư׷̫Ȼ̫Զ
㣬ҪҾʹ֮λĪһƽǴˣȻ˵̫ţ
ķ裬СӻǵΪ϶ϷŪˣԺ˵ã
ҲֻҪСܶһ񣬱ضὫȫȫʱôš
㵹ûᰲȣѾܶУȻҲǽʶȫͷųȥҪ˽һܶе
ǰŵĳ徫ӢǶڱ˴ţ֮ǰʶǳ츳ǱǿһȺˣ֮ĽǺܶġ
ܶΪʮ˶οţⶴǧƳӦûŲƷƳѡ
ţƳΪƷƷƷƷԼƷƳ棬ȻһǰǽܶѡƳ棬ʵ츳˵ǵлߵҲƷƳˣ
ƷƳѾܲˣεĿ꣬ǻһֻƷƳ棡
˵ѡƳ棬ҵǺ֪˵˭Ҫ֪ƺû˵ǳ嵱˱ȥλأװ׾ģЩǲǳˣ
Ƕǳ˵еľӢСʱǱɵȥѵǣ˵ǴСһԽУڿǰ׾˧ȻЩҲ˽һЩ
ߣҵ֪Сӣȳһֱʦǳʹ˵Ҳǻƿû뵽λҪѡƳ棬ƳɲòЭеģ
Ȼ㡣
һ۵ܹܿܵǰΪڶ壡
Щ嵱УЩǿЩСЩǱ޴һʱ֮Щ
ǹƳ棬öƳ棬Ҹܵˣ
Ǻ͹Ƴ໥֮ϤĹˣƳѡǵĻȻΧߣ
ǰЩӢȫǰȥ
ǵĺܣƺÿһȥܵ
ȣо˵Уܻúεȵıƣ
츳ȻȫƷƳѾ𲽺ܺˣԵǾӢͷţϾƷƳʵǿЩǳ嵱еһֻƱǼƷƳˣ޽У
ҡҡͷ
Ͼֻǳʦӵеĵһֻƣȵʦǿ֮ǻӵеڶƳ棬Ƴ棬ǵĹƳĻᡣ
Խ棬ƷƳֵļʲŻһЩ
ȿ߰׷ƺЩͬ˵볤ϣѵǱƾͻּƷƳ棿
ܶУǧƳ棬ǧƳ浱У˵ǼƷƳ棬ƷƳ涼ӵеģÿһЩѡƳʱҶֻһ뷨ûκβܵ飡
볤ϣҲϣǳЩʦܹԽԽǿ󣬲Ʒǿ飬ôأǾƷƳ棬˵ǱˣЩ϶ûпһֻƷƳأ֪Ⱳûлˣ
˵
˳Ȼ˳Ȼ
볤ϴЦ̬൱á
̬ҲܲƳ͵ϵĹʵһģмǿԣƳȻֻһСϴСǻ֮ߣܹᡣ
ǰڵϵʱܵϧι˹Ӱ죬ҲǶԹȽϤܹǺܺദϧʱЩԴףΪʱϧι˹ȴǸ
㵹ûʲôľϣֻԼһŸƼһ㣬洦Ʈĸһˣһо֢ϧĸæܿ鶼ûˡ
Ʈ㣬ʹͬЩͬ˲п˹Ҿͨһ㣬Щ˹ǳϲ㡣
ȻƳ͹Զ࣬ҲԼǷѡԼıơ
ܶУǧƳ涼ڵأǣȥѡԼıƳɣ
볤һЦ⡣
ЩӢȲȥˡ
һۣ˵Сӣǳ嵱еľӢûһǿִܶгģܿ¼Ҫˣ
ҴһֻƳֵΣ
ͷݸһЦ
볤һЦȣ㷢սҲ뿴⺢ӵܴεȵĹƳ
ܴƳģ㣬Ҫǰɣûлñƣ޷ΪʦôʵʵȥʹܻñƳ棬ֻ˵һðˣҽָδʦ֮·
㣿
ЩŵЦҿɲһָ̫ң
ҧСӣȻ볤ǰҪ̫ţ
ԼҴӦˣ
˳ȥ
СӣҿʲôҶģ
ȣٿкܰأƢǸ˲٣
ǳһֱȱһʹҿСӳòյȥʹСӻ飬ˣ
ԭˣĺӣǰûǺڴı֣
볤˵
ǰЩ徫ӢѽǧƳڵĹ֮صУңȫϥǸӦΧĹƳ档
ܹŲٹƳ濪ʼǾ£žĹƳܿ춼ɢ
Щ˵УЩ۾Ųʧмûи츳ôǿǾȻѡң
ոҶӦһֻƳ棬ǻϵļƷƳ棬û뵽ôûпһۣˣЩƳ滹أ

ԽƷߵĹƳ棬ԽԣǾĻһܹʶĸֵ׷棡
㰵Щ˴ûнƳ浱һ£ֻǵĹ߰ˣƷߵĹƳΪҪѡأ
һʮѡĹƳľӢǴ඼ֻ˵ƷƳԼƷƳЩƳԲǿûֱ̫࣬ԲŻΧԡ
ȻҲмǻƷƳ϶ЦݣȻ⡣
ţҲҪڤһúúЩƳ潻ĻǶҪЩˣ
ϥ죬ʶȫͷųȥ


1907 ̫
ɢŵɫâΧЩѤ
мλѾѡùƳľӢվǶЩĿ㣬ұ˴֮䶼ڽţСӣڤأаˣ߾ȻżֻƷƳ棬Ҫǣ
ЩƷƳոҵ涼ֱӷߣû뵽ȻΧôã
ѡһֻƳĻƷƷ֮ϣڵʲôأҪ֪ЩƷƳȻΧߣǲһԸΪıƳ棬ϾԽƷߵĹƳԽְѡû츳ʦأ
ܿ죬ЩӢѾȫѡԼıƳ棬Щ⣬Щʧ
٣ƳѡѾ޷ģǺе̫࣬Ҳû취ֻܽʵ
Щ˱֮֮ǰΪǾûƵģҲİοû뵽һֱ֮ڤ룬߾ۼĹƳԽԽ֮࣬صеĴƳ涼סˡ
һЩӢȫզ࣬˭û뵽㾹ȻôƷʺõĹƳ棬ɷˡ
ƳԽԽ࣬㲢ûмžһֻƳ棬֪ƳֻѡһֻҾԲܸģƳһ񣬺õĹƳ棬ԲϵĹƳ档
˵һʦıǻϵģԺõĹƳҲֻǻϵģ
żֻƷƳ棬⼸ֻƳ浱УлϵĻƳ棬ˮϵıƳ棬ϵĵֹƳ棬һֻûѡ
ܾõȵ棬ҲиõĹƳ֣
ϾһʦһҲֻܸı䱾Ƴ棬Բ׾;
û̫ãһֻصĹƳӽ㣬Щ֣Ȼ˵̺ŵǿܵĳмǿǱҾȼƷƳҪͣ
иΪҪһǹƳԣȻһںϹƳ棡
ʲôںϹƳ棿ǸԪض̺УֹƳ棬ǳΪʦĵڶƣƣҲںϹƳΪʦıƳ棬൱ˣ
٣ʦԺѡƳ浱УѡΪںϹƳ棬иԪصĹƳ棡
һ˵ںϹƳƷʶƷ֮ϣΪںϹƳԣƷƳ棬Ҳ൱һļƷƳ棬ֻںϹƳȴЩΣƷʾȻֻǵƷƳ棬ѵϼ¼󲻳ɣ
оЩ֣ںϹƳȻǵƷƳ棬Ȼܸ̺ܵǿ츳ǱûԥԼֱܿ죬ϵϹȫʧߵЩƳҲɢȥ
ţǼֻƷƳ澹Ȼˣô£
϶ǿСֻСпðˣ
ҪĻһȤ֪СӵûѡƳ棡

ǶСۣΪһ㣬һ˿վҲǴЦ߹ȥոܶѾ֪СֵΪˣոռŲƷʲĹƳ֪󵽵ѡһֻĹƳΪƣ
˶ڿߡ
ȴҡͷ˵˭Сֵܣ
ǺǣֵܻĬǶǳˣȻһף˵ֵӦòְɣ
ԵЩΣͦ˵ġ
Цֻǿϧֻҵĺѣ
˿뿪֮أҲǷߺ˵СӣҪסڤүһڽľٶģ
Ⱥ볤϶ܶеȺǴӹ֮س˿ȳ֣ϱҲǲһ
Ц㣬ôͷѡƳôʦϵʹҲһҫ鰡
ȳģȻҲûܵƳû˵ǾԼ²İ˷ȷġ
Ƭ̣ЩӢӹ֮سˣǿĿȻôм
볤ʵǵӦǶ˱Ƴ棬嵱еʱж̣ЩҲ޷ǻıƳ棬ǽƳ
ǣϣ
ЩӢͷ
󣬲ԶĿЩӢͷ϶һУһźСķɳ档
ЩɳС൱ȴǲͬ
ΣױϳЩ˻õıƳ澿ʲôƷʡ
ţһ㶼ƷƳ棬мƷƳ棬ûйǶǵģ
볤˵ȻƳֻǳʦһˣδǵʦ֮·ܹ߶ԶҪԼ
ҲǵͷûпĻڤõ׻Ƴ棬ȻǻϵƷƳ棬ʵϲڻϵļƷƳ棬һ˵ʵĹƳ棡
лȳϣ֮ǧƳ棬ҲҺ׻ƳǾ䣬ȻոЩڹ֮ѡƳ棬߿Χ༫ƷƳ棬ֻǲ֪ѡֻƳأ
ڤǸոձ㵱ŪޱȵڤүʱҲǴ档
ȵȻóڤЩֵƱǺìܣҲǰȻЩţôҲһ˧ģոܴ֮ˣҪڤ裬Щ
ҲͻȻԼոʱǰ㳰ʵЩףʱ볤˵ŹƳӡҲ֪ѡ˺ֹƳ棡
һֻںϹƳˣ
㵭˵
ںϹƳ棿
ЩӢɴˡ
Ҫ֪ںϹƳ൱ڼƷƳˣ
ڤԭҪڳǰģȴû뵽㾹ȻѡһֻƳ棬һںϹƳ棡
ҲǾȣȷŹƳӡ̫ˣȻʼûʶ̽ûйƳӡ
УںϹƳ棿˵Ǿô˭أ
ڤ˵
ҪҽƳ
˵
ߣ㲻ң
ڤЦ
ȻĻܿЦһǾ棬ʡںϹƳ涼ûм
Ц
ܿ죬ͷҲǳһĨ⣬Ĩ⵱УһֻС߲ʷɳ֣߲ʷɳĳ֣Ҳʹò˲䶼Ϊ֮һ㶡
ȻֻƬ֮󣬲˶Ӧ
ȷںϹƳ治٣ƷʺֻƷƳɣ
ǰƳ̺ʵ̫ͣ벻ΪʲôںϹƳ棡

㣬ҿˣһֻƷںϹƳ棬ҲʵַƳ棬ںϹƳкã
ڤЦ

ⲻƷƳ棡
볤˵
ǣôܣ
ڤҡҡͷûעʱ϶һ͡
볤ϼ˵һֻѵõĳɳ͹Ƴ棬ȻֻƷƳƷʣʵϣֻƳǱ޴󣬶ںϹƳ棬Ҳʹδʦ֮·ǳ
ɳ͹Ƴ棿
ϵĹƳ棬ǳɳ͹ƳĸҲ΢΢ɣ

Ȼǳɳ͵ںϹƳ棬Ҫ֪ڳһֻƷƳѾ˴۽ˣɳ͵ںϹƳ棬ȾƷƳ棬ֱ죡
˵


1908 ȫϵ
ȾƷƳ棿ôܣ
ڤȫĿࡣ
㵹û뵽ںϹƳ澹ʱҲֻֻܸܵںϹƳ̺ǱˣҲССƴһѣˣʱȻѡһֻƷƳ档
ɳ͹ƳҲô׾ͳɳģֻڹ֮صöѣʦ֮·أߣ
ڤ˵
ô
㲻м˵ǽƳ浱ĹߣǽΪѣ֪ҲΪʲôЩƳۼߵԵɣȻҲֻҪŬȻһɾͣ㣬խΪʦ֮·ܳô
㣬㣬СӣȻô˵ңҴСûб˵Ĳ㣡
ڤȵ
볤ŭܶǾ֮ĵطڤ󳳴гɺͳǲҪŭǳ鲻ɣ
볤ϣСǵң
˭˭ѵͷӻôο㲢û˵Ƴ汾ǳʦսĻ飬жõĹƳƷʾжߣڤܻ׻ƳҺ⣡
ҡ
ڤҺ볤磬ж֮ǣСӵ˵Ȼʹڤг׷ŭ
ЩӢҲ㣬Ȼ볤վǱߵġ
볤˵ڶѾõԼıƳ棬ڿʼǾʽΪǳʦˣǳʦʦһƣǾǳʦֻҪñƳ棬ԺǷɿ죬ʦϲϵģ
ȻƳƷԽߣٶҲԽ죬ҲǱƳƷʸߵڣ
ҲǵͷоԺ鼮ȻҲʦһЩر֮
ѡǳɳ͵ںϹƳ棬һʼƱǻỺȵıƳƷԽԽߣٶҲǻԽԽ졣
ǳɳͱƳڡ
볤Ҳǿһ۰ȣЦȳϣҲҪ֮ĶԼˣкЩûпԽ̵ʦˣ
ȵһ㣺Ҳ֪СĸˣҲԼùȻָָҲ뿴ɳںϹƳɳƷƳһ죡
ȻҲЩⰲȵ̬ȣȻǳĳϣƱԽ̵±롣
棬ĿľΪҵ˹ʩӡʦҲܹóޱӵгɳںϹƳ棬úһضΪ
а
˴ܶ볤˵Ȼǳ嵱еһЩʦ̵ϣܹ֮ʦдʣ
ʦ
Щ⡣
Ȼûе֪ʶ
˵ʦǳһĴͳÿʦѡ֮󣬶ΪһµѵʱһƴҲǵǱΣ
ǿֻһʱ䣡
˵
ȻǺܲƽҪ֪ǵڳˣҪǿϲٵģԣʱ˵㹻ˣ
˵
죬֮ҪʦϴʣҪ㳹֪֮Ĳ࣡
ڤмĿһۣа
ЩӢ볤뿪֮󣬰ȿһ㣺λǿˣСӣúÿ츳Ȼ֮ãɳ͵ںϹƳ棬ǿʦĹƳ棡
˵˵ÿ˧綼ʺȥƿģ
ס˵ĳ嶯˵һָѵȻڴ֮ǰ뺰Ұʦ
ֻܺ㰲ţ
˵
ʲô˼ҾôôСӣ
ûӸ־ǲˣţͦ˳ڵģɣ
˵
ĳСӣ
ķ衣
ѵ̲ңνģʦûгֵĻ볤ƱػһЩģ
ʲô
ЩԼΪ֪֪֪֪ô
ݸ

ƿڴǳ治֪ĻȻôһֻ׼ǰУ֪ô
߰ɣţҿû̫ʱ˷ˣ
ҡҡͷ
һ취ûУһң˵סôɭĵطһЩѧˣȥ֪Լ᲻ɭģ
ǻ࣬һЩʦĶ֪ôƳʺĵطȵĹƳɳˣνˣ
˵
㵹ЩոɰȲҪһˣⰲȴҺܿǳʺ
˵㣬ʽʼ֮ǰһȴµĽǳʦһЩ㣡
ȣǳȻôǵ⵽ɣһΪǳǺҪɱǡȻ⳶Զˣ֮ҪסǳеʦκеʦҪԶеʦǣǶҪСĽ
˵⻰Ժ㣬ӵеǳɳںϹƳ棬⿰ȾƷƳĴڣϣ̵ܽǳʦδٮٮߣ
ţԸʵֵģ
ŵ
ޣ
ǻ֪Ҫ£ɳ͹Ƴµľǰԣ֮ʦϣҲ߹ˣ
ôûģ
˵
ָһƷƳʦ϶õһô
ȰһۣǺõģҪʵΪпʦϣʦӵеڶƳˣҪ֪ʦ𻮷ֵĺܼ򵥣ǿӵмֻƳ棡
ڣһתʦ
һתʦţǼתʦ
ӵֻƳ棬תʦɣǳ峤ڱչأӵֻƳ棬ǳĶ
תʦ
һ˿ȣȻЩ˼
Ϊʦڤڹ֮ػùƳӶѡһֻƳ֮ҪõڶֻƳ棬ͱͨԼʵԼˣ
ÿӵһֻƳ棬һֻƳҪŬǳʽġ
ӵֻƳ涼Ѿˣο峤ɾ͵תʦȻΪ
ҲЩȲˣһתʦֻʩչһֻƳǶֻƳ棬൱ӵмֻƳʱͷΪ
ţڵںϹƳ棬Ļʲô㶼ܹѧϰƣһȰרĳһϵ̫ӣ׵·ģ
˵Ҫѡһϵھܽ㣡
Ҫȫϵ
˵


1909 
ȾԼǰܸˣΪϵ̵ʦ޹أû뵽ģȴһжıˣ
ΪʤĶԼȴСӣҸðû뵽СӾȻܹóɳںϹƳǿȾƷƳĴڣ
̵һӵгɳ͹ƳʦƺҲ̫ݣСʵ̫ˣѡĳһϵȻĲҪͬʱȫϵ
Сӣѵǳͷҵô
ЩҪֱƿڴĳ嶯Ҳ֪Ͳ˵ǸͲԥʱȴǷ㾹ȻϥڵϣѾʼڤ롣
˻ñƳ棬ʵϾѾΪʦʦڤ֪еԪأԪۣۡ
ҪʩչǧٹֵǰҪӵԽǿʩչҲԽǿ
СӾȻܹûҵ£ڤӦԪأӵǿ츳ҲѹܵɳںϹƳˣ
а
С˵һȫϵӣվ㲻ԶȺš
ʱ֮˫һĨâһ۲Զİȣ˵Żûߣǲȫϵô
ȿȣҿû˵㣬οҺϾԼȣ֪㲻ɹҲеʦְ𣡡
˵
źߣӶԼðɣԸܳɹ
Ц
֪ΪʲôЦݣȾȻСҲܹɹҲ˵ĸо
ôϣҲò˵ϵ츳ǼģһὫϵĻȫͷŵʶУ츳Ȼȫ
˵ֵ꣬УһĨͷ֮С
ͷֻҪЩ㹻ˣ죬Ҿʹչ

еһصС
һλɫµվڿĹ㳡룬ԶһӰ΢΢һ䣺ī˹ôͻˣǲˣ
ţҰս
ī˹˵
Ұˣ
Щ⣺ɱģ
ΪܸߣܵÿĻҲҪɱ
û뵽һǰӦ˵ԶŻˣȻڣһԶ˲ˣһӦҪˣ
˵
ī˹ͷ
а˹أʲôϢ
˹ûѹסڵ֮
ţΪѹס˹ڵ֮ϡ棬ûԺ󲻻ģأ
ȻλϣƺǳҪȰ˹
ī˹˵
Ȱ˹еĿԶʦʩչӡҵͷӡʦĻ綼·һ
Զܲſռ԰˹ͷӡʦеĳǿߣ
ǱȻģֻҲʦԼĹ涨й¶˭԰˹ͷŵӡ
ī˹Ҳ˵ˣٿʦᣬʦУкο
ī˹ص£һǷȰһ䣬ʦǷǳģʦӵŵԶʦˣӡǿԽλ涼Եֵ
ˣҲǺʦˣʦֻҪû֮ģҲΪǵģ
ī˹˵
ͷֻҪû֮ģԶʦҲûа취ʦʵҲЩ棬ֻǸѼʦϵһЩ鱨ˣ
ī˹ҲǵͷԶ嵱кҪ鱨Աī˹Ҳһֱǡˡе鱨Ա
ɵѼʦϵһЩ鱨ī˹ȻҲҪ˽һЩԶʦ
ϾԶʦһֱܲصɴī˹ӦᾡԼܰҲҪ֪ĸʦ԰˹¶֣ߵ·
Ȼ֪Ҳī˹֪Ķ࣬ҲɴûʦϵĻ˵ȥˡ
ɻôҪ˽ʦһɲƽʱֻ㰡
ˣֻǾٿʦʦòһȻЩ棬Ժ¾ڡˡУҪЦ
ʦʦڵһڱصãȻһֱʦǺӵжǼΪǿģҪ֪˿ûôǿǣ
ǣԽǿӵе츳ǱԽǿī˹ɲܶʦɥʧģȻҲ̫˽ʦʼվʦǿĴڣ
ȥġ
ī˹Ҳ˵ˣҲΪģ

֮󣬳
˶ڳ弫ΪĵҵʮľӢԱҲС
츳˵ȷҪǿ٣ҲΪǵǿԵ츳Ҫǿ
ӢʦȷԼǱھˣŶ̶죬ǱѾһЩңǵ۵Ĳ
һλʦվڵ˵
ص˶
ܵʦ࣬ޱ߷ȥݡ
춼ȫ̵̽ʮӢȷҪһʦҪĺܶࡣ
ʦٶȣٹ죬ܷʦϴʣ
˺м㡣
ţǱϾǱʦһ£ǵ츳ǿϲ٣˵ϣأ
ͷǹ顣
ߣӵеıƳ׻Ƴ棬൱ڼƷƳĴڣ֮ұضʦϴʣ
ڤ˵
ڤܶмǸһ㲢⹫ĵҲǼΪ֡
Χ˵⻰Ҳ˸͵ڤүҪʣǿɲ㣬˭㲻츳ߣҼﻹ·㣬ǿɾ͹ܲˣ
Ҫ֪ǰȳԽ̵ĵӣӵеĹƳǳɳںϹƳ棬ǿȾƷƳĴڣ츳Ҳһ˿Աģ
㣿
ڤмһˣСܺұȣȻӵгɳ͵ںϹƳ棬ˣĽ׶ΣĹƳ滹ֻƷƷأƷƷʵĹƳܱȵҵ׻Ƴ棿ЦˣҰȳϱͺСìܣû춼ûôٺ٣СҲֻܵʹҪҾʦܵģ
㵹Ǻţ
һڵ
һԶȳϾȻĮȻ


1910 Լս
֪ΪʲôڤʱٿˣȻƬ̵ĻȻ˱˵ٱһͷ۵飬ڤаСӣôֳˣЩɡ
ȳϣ
˵ȵͷʵ˵һֻɳ͵ںϹƳ棬Ͻ̵ţλ㣿
ţ㣬ҲڵΨһӣ
˵
࿴һۣҲ˵СӣܹȳϿУδʦ֮·ضǲֻɳںϹƳǰڵûʲôƣʦǿŹâˣ
ҲЩźϾɳںϹƳ棬Ҳǵһ˵ҲϣʦϺúüʶһ
Ȼھʦֻʱ䣬ʱܹƿغһѾǲˣҪŹâȻܵġ
δأ
ȴ˵ʦ˶лᣬҲһʧģ
Щȣû뵽Ӳǰ˵İȣȴ㣬Ҫ֪һλʦǱҲǲ̫ڡ
￪ʼڴıˣзȵļһ׻Ǵһıأ
ϣУ飿
ţǡ·Щӵѵɣ
˵
˵УǱϾǳľӢ츳Ȼû˵ڻѾܹڤˣ׼ѡѧϰ
˵
ϲɫȴǰǰЩ½ʦĹע̫ˣȻѾǵٶȣҪʱڤǵţ
ɳͱںϹƳǰڵٶȣȻҪԶӢֲ˵Ҫȫϵ
ŰȲ˵Ϊٶʵ̫ⰲȱϾǳϣûʦϱֺãҲûӣ˵ϣʦɱֻҪǸոսʦѡμӣȻҲѡ񲻲μӣ󲿷ҪμӵʦѾˣ֪費Ҫ
Ҫһ̨£ϾҪûбֺãȵҪˡ
ڤҲǷߺޣʦϿǺݺĺûᣬʦǶ£ҪûбμʦҴʣк˼
ʦϴʣҫڤݺһ٣ȻμӴΪһ·ϵǣǿɾٺò顣
Ȼμӣ߹ͣҲǲģοող˴ʴ˵ʦҪôҲʶʶ˵
˵
ڤŭ˵ıʵĳɳںϹƳôҲܻҵ׻Ƴģ㣬ѡμʦضȡ裬ʱǰܸңȳϻһߣ
üûгϾλ½ʦ̰֮ˣ㣬˱ض˵̡
ңҲ츳ʦϱضǲܸڤģϾȻҲԸһ־Եţ
ֻвмЦ⣬ûгתȣȿȣ֪Ͳﶽˣû뵽Ȼһֻ蹷
Ȼҷ蹷
ڤŭȫȻʼۼת˲֮䣬ЩȻĵбŷ
׻Ƴ۵ȻڤûЩȴżǿĽ
ȱΪȴû뵽Ҳһƻ
飡
޴Ȼվԭأֻڤ϶һĨȻСӣȻסҵǲ˼飬ô쵽ģ
Ҳ𺳣˵ǵңǾĵطڤҪ֮ʦϵƽ̨ϣӭǽڵĻס֣ĻҲˣ
Ҳ˵Ǻ֮ĶˣʦزģʦеĿˣ
Ͱ뿪ң˵ǰţȴڱǰ˵Сӣ⹫ƽô
㻹Ҫ˵ƽոպڤǲҶ棬ҿȣڤ常ǿߣҺ볤ϣ常У쵲סڤһض常æ
ѵܻ׻Ƴ棬ضҲ常˴æ
һ˼ĻһѶȶûУ
˵
㵹ŵĺܣȻ쿴ȥٶȶҪ٣ˣȫϵһҪʱ;ҪǶĶ࣡
˵
δأţڻ֪˺εȵز
һЦ
ţ
һ˿ȣʱ䣬㲻ҪңЩ㶼ƿˣ
ûᰲȣ󲽳ǰȥ
ںСӣҺôҲĵʦȻ˺εȵزң
ǿͷʶ̽״ģйȴðȸ޷̽ҲǰץҪԭҪ֪ѵý̵һ½ʦ뵽̵ࡣ

һڤЩ߷߲ƽĻص˼С
ҵķУݻģΪ常ڳѫǳеʯ
常ڤΨһˣҲе
ôˣǰ춼ĺúõģôһüӣ
׳˫ۿһǿߵơ
ɳϣе鼮ϡ
常ǵҺ˵Ǹô
ǵã˵ǰͻȻܶðһ˳ɳںϹƳ棬ķⶼȫˣ
˵
ǵģСӣڵгˣһŭңұΪҵ׻Ƴܹû뵽Ȼסҵ
ڤһĨ˼飬˵常㲻˵ɳںϹƳȻһʼȴûаôΪΣΪλ
˵Խģ
ţǰȳϣûʲôìܣѾʼȫȫˣ
ڤ͸߹㣬֮սԶֻȭͷȥȻ˵˳ɳ͵ںϹƳ棬ôʦ츳ض֮ϣҪ֪ܻ׻Ƴ棬ȫΪҸµһϵƳĵҩˣ㻹аԽ̵ٶȱ죬Ҳ
˵
常ǰѾųʦϱض㣬ڣȻ˵ⲻҪҵʱֳЦôңұܣ常еضܵǣ
ʲôʱ˵㱻ˣȼȻѡɽ̵ӣΪξͲרҵֶʱ䣬ʦʽٿҵָضСӣ
˵
ţ常̵Ȼõģߣ㣬֮󣬱Ͱȳϳӣ
ڤ˵


1911 ̻
ʱķɿ죬е½ʦǶ׼ʦ
Ȼڰȳ϶еĵе
Ȼ˵㵼ʦʵϰֻǽһЩֲʶУǳɣҲΪȻûɻðʱԼ̫ûڸУ
ֻǹҸ㵼ʦӰˡ
ʦһʱ䣬еʦоԺУʦѾһá
ʦǳ½ʦһԴ¼½ʦĴǱҲǳ嵱бȽ¡صһʢᡣ
ЩʦоԺʦϵһЩ
볤ϣʦһʮ˲μӣʮǾӢʦֻ죬ʣʮ츳һ㣬Ѿһˣ
ȻǶʮλ½ʦ츳һ㣬ʵϣҲмλٮٮߣƳ涼ƷƳ棬ҲѾƿ˲ˣʵС
ʮλӢʦǵ˵Ҫϲ٣УڤٶǾˣ̶̼죬ѾϵĻȫڻͨǵоԵٮٮߣ
㱨
볤Цŵͷôһ˵ҵǾĴԽԽζˣвúҪչʦҪȤĶࡣ
볤ϣδȷҪҪʲ٣ֹ㣬ЩʦҲ൱ڴ
˵
볤΢΢ͷһԵİȣȣǺˣҶҲ൱ڴ
ţһ˳ŵʱλĿ࿴
˵
볤ϵͷ㶼ô˵ֻĿԴˣ
ȣ˵ڹ֮ػһֻɳںϹƳ棬ƷʿȾƷƳ棬ҲһʦУǱǿˣ
ҲоԺУ͸һɾâֻҲǳһЩϣȴǾճСӣЩŹ֣
Ź֣ʦȻһȤ
˵
ȻгϣеλǷһǿ
ҲǶһȤǶǳİȫи֣ЩΪҲǲ˲ڼģ㿴ȥСδҲǲҴ⣡
СаΣڵһλڣǳɰʢ㣬ҵܹȷǱλĳˣ
볤˵
Ҳ˿ոǷǽָԼΪıֶڤͷ볤ϳ˵ĻȻҧδ鲻š
볤еλȻǳеĴϣȻҪֱ棬ҲЦȻ볤϶˵ˣʲôûɵأҲǶĴڴĺܣ뿴ǳɳںϹƳ˺εȵز
ʦ㣬ҲǺ뿴ڤڴϵı֣
ԡ
Ҳ˵ڤ츳һֱӢеٮٮߣţĴһٶ
ٮٮߣ
˵ûпĻڤܹڹ֮ջ׻Ƴ棬ǶʦĻϵҩɣĻ׻Ƴ棬ô׻õģ
ϳƬΣû뵽ⰲȾȻҲһֱһ˵ˣаҪ֪ⰲôϲ̻СӣҾͲ̼ˣ
ڳԸ㾴һߣҾһɣҪʦоԺгҲǲġ
һʱ֮䣬оԺеҲǹ쵽˼£Ⱥǳ嵱еĴνһˣҲ̫Ҳ졣
볤˵ʦŻʽٿʱʦǱȫһĿȻЩּ
Ⱥ֪볤Ǹ̨£Ҳû˵

صסڤҲһ˷常ܳƿˣֱ̫ˣǿÿһʦ𺳣
ôȷǿҪĴ֮ϳûж֣⻹
˵
常Ĵһģ¿ɲЩ½ʦԶԸ˵أ
ڤ˵Ҫ֪⼸常һ̵ֱаȳϵʦҲǾԱȲ常ģ
ڤҪʦ϶Ǳ룬㶮ô
Ȼ常ҵʵ
ҪŵƣԲӦ䣡
˵
ڤͷضҪʲôն֮е飬ߣ㣬˽㽫Ҷ̤ʯ
ҹϴûһǳ
㲢ûڵҵУǶһ˳Ĳƺ֮ϡ
ڲƺ֮ϣƬ̵ɣʩչʼ̹Ŀ֮Ϸ˲ʱһ⾵
⾵УϧӰ
ϣ˫ԴҲڿŴǿգ
ǱߵǿյУƺ鲼ǣϧƺ˵ЩʲôܹĴµĸо
ӣôһȥأкҪ飬ѵһ춼ô
Сϧ㣬ٽһСϧ

ۿоӨ⣬żʩչſ֮ϧڵԽǿԽǺ£¿ϧ˼ӣ
ֺγصϧžۣ֪Լ̫˽Ǳߣİ֮ˣҶ˼ȻڵȺԼ
ǵȴʱûϧãǶˣ
ʼ˵Ǳ߲֪ʲô״ȥͨѾ׹رգֻвϵʵϣͨ״飬磡
Ǻ֮ǿƣ浱УҲڶȱļһڲ嵱УܹȫϵҵǾ޴ģ
ΪҪǣҪҵԶ嶾˹ʦҪץλ棬ð˹ָҲΪҪŮ֮һ
㿴ǹ⾵еϧԽľԼҪƲסˣ
ж᲻ᵯֻδĴϱļʵ̫࣬ൽʱȥԡ
ܹϧܺãǿˣĶʹ
⾵ջأΪ˲ݴϴĽŲɫָ۾ȻЩ󣬲ϸѿ
㻹ǵһλ뿪ҵĵңƺϿûǵҹգ㣬ûв´Ļ˰ɣ
ߵԡ
ĬȴǷңļңԶŻ˱ˡɱزȥȻϧ֪ǲļң
ڼԽģȴԽֻ֪Լİ֮˿һǲǼңڣȻû취쵽
ڤ常ʵݣ볤ϳ棬һڣ
ȿһۣȻҰţҲʲôݣͬɣӦòǳˣ


1912 ʼ
ƽҲͬƽûаַŭóѾȷʵ
㵭˵ҵȷǳˣԼĿģţһҿ㱣֤ҶԳûа⣡
ǶԳж⣬ڻǰ
˵Ҫô
ɲҪôΰ󣬲ǵĿİˣ
Ҷܸߣ
㲻˵
츳ǳ嵱Уδض伶ǿߣֻǿϧչ鲻ˣձض뿪壡
ƺ᲻һ뿪ˣû˸ôϾɲ˭ҽ㰲أ
˵
ҡҡͷ嵱иҺ˵Ҳֻһˣ⼸ĽӴԽǾһֲ˼ǱܣǱܣðȺ棬ڰĸ֣ϰˣǾûʲô
ȻڲƺϣҲСӣΪ͵͵Ҳ֪Ǳλ沢ʺΪβһֱУ
ۿ󣬰ȻҲϸģܿС֮ǰᡣ
ⰲ˵£ҲƬΣ˵޲ɢ֮ϯοҲ֪ҪʲôʱܰǼ飡
ʦģ
תƻʵ
ûģ
ڤ常տºڣ˵ڤڴϱضʣɹ
˵
԰ŵԸضϾģ
ţȻгϣһֱҲûнҷУڣҲʾ
ǰڤ¾̨ҶмһսеѶҲãٻսߣ
ӲƺվҲ͵Ÿˣھͻȥ
뿪ıӰ΢΢ҡͷұӦΪʦеĵģȴû뵽СӣǾڤʲôвˣ

峿
һֻڵա
嵱Уֻаٷ֮һܳΪʦʦҲǳ嵱Ϊǿְҵ
ʦ¶Ϊעһʢ硣
ٳ˱ûϰߣΪӣǶĿľǲйʦκһϸڡ
Ĺ棬ѾΪҲýЩ⣺ÿʦȻҲвǰۿȴûн㳡棡
ô˵д󲿷ֶҪڤ֮ľսģ
ȷʵ츳ܲһǱȳָһ常󣬺˵δо˭ܶԷ

һʮ˲μʦʮӢʦʮһµͨʦ
ȻھӢʦУҵУҲǿΧ̫ǰΧۣǵĻ⵱УһⶼֻһǾڤ֮ս
ƺǰۿҪء
аЩݵĳ˿ڰԵ鲻һߣôѶȵ鶼˷ˣ
ڤҵģһۿȺЩǶΪڤĺģϾ常ǳ嵱еʦ
ڤүῴǶҪΪⳡеıˣ㽫Զ¼ʷᣡ
ѡǰڤƨ
ҲǵͷֻϧǲĲǶĲĻעӮĻضǲڵģ
ȥվЩѡֵǰվڲԶ㣬ҲŲмЦݣȻǾضҪԼʹ顣
볤Ϻλ϶ѾҵУҲ˵ǣʮλѡѾȫ룡
ţʱҲˣû뵽ҳ˾ȻҲһڷ𣡡
볤ϿܣЩ΢΢ȣ˵峤˻ڱչصУҴʦʽٿϣܽЩѧչǰ
ͷʦĹһսӮһһ֣ȻʮˣضһֿսϣǶӵֿյĺڿʼǩ
ʮʦԵĺȫһ飬ʮС˵Ž˴С
㿴ֳҲЩЦ⣬ЩǵϵĸƱˣǵõʱڴѧһͬرϲƱʱϻ㵽ȥһֱֳĿʽΪ֮ǰд룬պ֮һȫУֻԼ̫˥дĺȫ
ҲǴ֮λͬΪˣҪд룬ֻǴ֮Լ飬ûаѡ롣
εĺ17ţеһȽ˵ĺ룬Ϊϧϲĺ룬ѧڼ䣬ϧһʮߺŵ£Ȼʱ򵹲ǺϧϲԼŵϻˮ
ÿζСǶս˫ܿ죬ӵֻʣһСˡ
17ֿգ
һֱûԼĺ뱻ôһ˵ǾǸ˺롣
Ҫ֪ȻηڳκһˣȻٴܹҪõģϾЩڶֻۿڤսһֱأǸܵסθڡ
ģС17ţôҰ
˱Թ
ֿոãĻҪ˻ˣڤôԼĳŵСӣҪԻܣҵĶ֮·Ǿʣ
ڤǾֿһ£Ҫ֪ȻӵгɳںϹƳ棬ڤͷžûƹ㣬ʹ֮ǰ㵲סڤһⲢڱġ
һֿգҲվһЩУûйעҵеıǿվ볤ϲԶһˣ
ҵǿˣû֮һ볤϶û˵Ҫǿ
ѵǰ˵󣿡
д
ڤ常Ȼǳϣڳ嵱²پܵ岻˵İ
ȻҲǼΪʦһֻ
ҲǽĿƵһ˿ЦڤȻһޣȻǾڽʦУضҪڤܣ
һۣȻܹܵԷǿ󣬵Ҳûаη壬ҲоСӣ󣬾ȻûηҵͫߣҲûõģڤȫ׼Ը
˶Ŀƿ㻹֪ոնԷͫҪɢֻǾû˵ָڤ֮ĶԾ˼һЩʱҲڤܶӮʤϢ
һӶڤ쵱ܶడ
¶һ˿Цݡ


1913 ĻƳ
Ȼûйۿڤⳡڤô֣Ҳһ˿⣬ڤ常󵥶̵ʵͻͽҲ
ڤһսʹܵĹڶЩǶոڤı֣ȴ޷죬Ȼһʱ֮䶼ڤΪʦϵʤߡ
ڤ̨ʱ⿴һԶ㣬һȭͷӣʾ
һҲûаĻӦϾ̨ϼ¾ˡ
һʦȫ֮ļ㶼йۿЩνӢʵϱֵĶ⣬Щ֮ǰõͨʦȴǳΪһֻֻ
һ㶼Щ
ǶʦƳǾĻƳ棬ƷƷʣǺһλӢĳԱԵУԾƻܶԷɹ
ʵĿ࿴ʩչĻ̨һƬ𺣣ңѪ
Ҫ֪ҵУмǿĽ磬ʩչĻȴ˶ǰһ
볤϶ʦǱ̫࣬δҲȻǰ;㣡
̨֮ϣţһȫѾ׽ˣ濪ʼǩΪ˱֤ڵĳڶֵıǻϽУ
ȷһֱ֮󣬴Ҷٶ˲ǿû취ڶʱڳ׻ָģôһ죬ҲΪ˸õĹƽ
ʼ磬ЩʧȻһʱ䶼Ѿ˷ѵˡ
ڶֱǩսǸոձĿ࿴ϵʦеš
֪֣ҲЩɢڤȴߵǰǰмı飬к޲̾ѵ㣬Ȼ벻飬ק˵СӣոտʩչôҶ֣ߺߣĶ浣ᱻܣʱų̂ϻ㣬һźģ
źʲôźûб̨Űô
Ц
㣿µ㻹ҴʴʣΪһʱôҶΪעӮ˵ĶֶԾеǣ
ڤ˵ȻҺϵǲǹҵĻҲһ˵˵˵һ
Ҫô
۾䡣
ֻҪϹңұ֤ڵڶ˳
ڤЦȻЦʱЦȻֹˣΪ屻һУʹڤסл

ԶЦҪ쳹
˶ע⵽ߡ
ڤô£
һһǰ
常Сӣң
ڤʹĲҪڵϴ
ôҲ벻ЦʱȻͽȻţһ塣
ȻȺж֣㣬ҷ㣡
ȵ
㵹ûаηվԭأ˵ڤ˵Ұ֤ҸոտǺúվΧ˿Ժ֤
ŭΧļˣǶæ˵ոڤ¹򣬽ЦʱͻȻסлˣҲûп㹥
ŵٶԼǶʵ̫̫ˣҲʹΧûһ˿˶Է壬ȻڤɵӣȻԸܵոĽ
常˵ѣСӣӴ̫ʹˣҶоԺ˺ˣ

ŭܳɢһǿҵŷ㵹аһﻹǿޱȣҶѾ漶ǿˣû뵽Է׾ٵѹסҵƣʵһBOSSһ㣬ԶڵԼԶԸġ
ʦҪԳֺһӽƽô
ȵǰЩߡ
ȵֶѵҪӲȥ
ֶѵΧ˶ϹôţῴҪ֪ҲǸոջص壬Щѵô
˵
һڤҲǾЩ죬ţôܻῴ
ڤʹ亹ֱðʩչŻڤʹ˵Сӣ˭
ۿ㣿
˵
û϶Сӣ
ڤ
̯̯֣һεӣûֻƾоȴ˵㣬Ϊβ˵ȫµ˶ɱģ
㣡
ڤҪ벻㾹Ȼ֣Ҫ֪в֪жٳˣһ˿ȻӸϵڳ嵱Уʦֻ֮泡¶д裬˽ԾҪܵϳ͵ģĻڤҪ˽ﱬһˡ
˵ˣڤӣҲѾȻˣʦڶֵıˣǶú÷Ӱɣ֮еą̊́Ͼģ
ߣҾСӰұѾˣģ
ڤ˵
ҲǵһۣСӣҪ֪ˣĻǼλҪ㣬ҲҪ֮µģ
˵֮󣬿ûпһۣڤ뿪ˡ
еȺɢȥҲ˵Сӣ治鷳ոߵ
ţҾҺбҪǳˣ
˵
Ϊܵ˶
ƺ뵽ʲôѹܻóɳںϹƳǺ˸ͲһεģǿȵĶҲ
㣬Ҫ֪ʦϱƴɲ
ͷţΪҵô
ţѾºݻضڤǿ̨ϣڤɱģ
˵
ɱģֻʱ򲻸ң
˵
㣬㲻ҪŹͷˣģУ峤ˣû˵ʵԺ󣬾볤϶ţ
˵
ڤٻ죬һսڱصã
зâ¶
ûͣЪصȶԵĵУǿʼʵʵ˵ǿһȻûпڤʵǿ
һ֣
ıƳǾĻƳ棬ʩչĻʹ̨ϱɻ𺣣ڵıƳȴںϹƳ棬ǶϻϵʦҲԿ
аȻǻϵʦôҽŻϵԻϵԾҲ˼Ķ࣡
ƳںϹƳĺôڣκϵʦκ˵Ĺϵ
ǻϵʦͱȽױˮϵʦƣȫϵҲҪԻϵͶԷԾǸԼѶȣ
¹Ӵ˽ڵϣϣ


1914 
ԣЧʣʦأ統У㶼ԵﵱлӶʼ
УȴԶͷֻСµĹƳΪԴ
ڣʦıʾǿƳ棬ԣ֮ǰȺ볤϶û˵ʦ˵ƳΪҪģΪ˳ʦһܹĸ߶ȣ
ǼǿټźǿĹƳ׺Ҳ¿ԵһֻƳ漶ܻóɳ͵ںϹƳ档

˫΢΢ͷһҲվ˫ͽȻֳһĨ⣬óķǳ˳
Ž̵ĻϵѾ޿ˣľлҶģⳡֻǼҵͷŻϵܹﵽһ
㰵
˿ɫѾȻڶֵҪչ
ھߣ
һĿĵطȥ

ҵС
ʹҲв˶ѾС
ЩȻڷмѣΪ˹ۿڶֵʦҲҪҸλá
ڤѾУĿ⵱һɾȻһϵȻһ
ڤү˵ڵб񵰣ôһ£
λʦʵ
ôһѵ߹ɣ
ڤʱŶԷӣŵڤүֻǺʰˣôܺйϵ
ģ㲻߹㣬ã첻ǺҾһҵĻҷĻὫ趼ʶ㣡
ڤȵ
λʦڤݺݷǿ־壬Լǲһ䣬ȴû뵽ڤᷢ˴ҪԼһֽ棬ҪԼҪ֪常ʦҪŪң練ơ
ֻǶ̶Ƭ̣λʦǼ尾һ㣬൱ڤı
ȻֻǵеһСˣû̫⣬ϾҪڵĻ̫С
ͬʱҵģ˱˴˶һۣǫ鲻٣˵㣬Ȼ֮ǰû֪õıƳʦõģҵĿǳΪʦĹھԣҲҪ㣡
Ȼǫ飬ȴ
Ը񣬵Щϲһ̹ϣ˿͸ʦӦеķȡ
ϵ츳ȷһʦмǿһˣϧǣңھעǵòģ
ҡҡͷ
˵̨֮ϼ
ã
ͷ
еԽԽ࣬볤ϣȳԼЩз˶Ѿ롣
볤ϳŽͷҲѸڶʦʽʼ
һڤ껣
һ
Ĳߣ˫лЩ̨ܿЩηڤ
ʵϣʦΪһˣԼĿҲǽǿȴû뵽ڶֱںߵڤ
һڤ常ɥʧһս
ڤһܶӮʤ껸պÿڤǿƵһĻҲǸӾᣬ
껣һľ񣬰յӦôηңүıֳˣһλᣬȨͶüĻ֣㽫޴棡
ڤ˵
ҳʦų̂ȨɥʧϣڤҲǽǰܣҲҪҵʵȫչֳ
˵
ţҲҪǽǾͿôֻ
ڤȵ
껵ȷǱڤƼˣڵϵ裬ȻǸ˶ܲˣһ常ʦҲͶԷƴס
껵ıƳǷŭƳ棬ϵƷƳ棬ڤıƳ׻Ƴ棬ϵƷĹƳ棬ʵϴӱƳڤҪǿ껲ٵġ
䣡
ڤһ
ӶͷУһŷڤָ棬ڤȻһӣһĻ泯껻ȥ
䣬ǲĻϵֻҪ䣬ᱻ׷ʱ򽫻ڤ˵򣡡
㰵Ӧûôױڤܣ
籩֮
껽һϵ۵ĵУЩȻγһ͸ǽڣõס͵Ϊһж˵ʱ껳ƺȵ
籩֮һ׶λγݣڶ׶ΣǷ
һ͸ǽ֮ϵȥ·γһߣڤȥ
ԭΣߣҲֻܵΪֹˣ
һ
ڤͷеȻγһ֮ȻӴ󣬵ǿײȥ
䣡
ڿռײȻڤĻһҪǿ٣껵屻һ𣬵סѪû
Ȼأ
Ҫô껣˱үһڵѾɲ٣㻹ʲôҶ
ڤЦ
ЦݼΪªܶ˶ʼͬ껣ϾԼ̨ϱڤ㾫ϴݲͿסˡ
껱֣ڤԣڵķϵԷɲ٣ڸ졣
ɥʧսڤʤ
Ȼܿϵɴࡣ
ڤƺЩδϾų̂Ͻ껵򣬲ûνˣѾɹһ֣Ƕ㡭Сӻһܲͨһأ
֮󣬽˵һ
ڵСӳսˣҪ֪һֿûֿߣǱ޿ɱܣ
ɲǺöԸģһУԾԵƻʤֶ˵ʦǿһˣ
ô˵һͨʦеٮٮߣǸص㵽׸ôԸ

˻δ̨ҵоѾȳ棬˿ѷɫڤǳ
ڤվ׹⣬˵常Сܹһô
˵Ļϵʦ츳㻹Ҫǿ٣㲻ҵֶܺԵУ㣬һֱصĺܣҲ뿴ںϹƳ澿˺εȳ̶ȣ
˵
ϴڵҵУڤ壬ѾʶڣȴûаջȻҲ뿴ʵϾ֪֪ˣսȻڤģǱƳĲ࣬òн֮ġ
ڤ˵Ҳв˵ҿûнУҪ֪ͨʦˣվʲôϢģоԺض
ҡҡͷȻڤ˵ⷬûдϾ̵ڤȷԳ
㣬û뵽֮ľȻⷬĿϣҶܱЩĳɹΪʦĹھҲаиģ
һѰѼ⵶


1915 ķڷ
ĻԶ׼ȫԸԸ㣬˿ķˮеļ㣬Ҳõеĳ˶Ϊ
Ը
ҲǴһ˿Ц⣬˿ЦⲢǳЦǶԶԷء
ͬʱ̨˫ֵѾȼ棬üĵУһϵͷųȵǻ㣬Сˣ
˵˲䣬˫еĻ澹Ȼ鲼ȫľһˡ
ŻĽˡ
ôŵûнֲҵʶУҲǶ
㰵
ڱţһַΪ˵ƺҪһ㣬ֱӳȥ
ƴ
Է˼ԼţĻ
ŻҵȻǾӢСûбȥλǣ嵱Уıκ˶Ҫ̿࣬ҵǣЩӢʦҪǿ
һǰ˫ȭУһ֮ŷֱӻ㡣
ͬʱҲǻһȭȭͷ֮û̺Ǻްһ㣬˶ˡ
ǾˣȥԿȻʩչĴ󲿷Ҳȭǻ帽˻ЩܹɻƤ˼ǡ
ߣȭҶƴ㣬̫Сˣ
ŭһȻȭӵʱȻоԼұ΢΢һ飬ԼȭȥûԷ°˺ȭȴԼұкǿҵʹС
飡
ȫȻһȭһĻԼԭأΧ˶Ŀ𾪡
ֿȭŻԵУȻܽԷˣǣ¾ǳϼǿﵽɣ
ڤ˵ǿʲôãʦѵǱƴ˭ȭʦǿΪ׼޹أ
൱ʹǰһĻҲ˿⣬ǴȻ뵽ͶԷƴҪԼϳĻԲ᷸ȴġ
ȣҲ֪⺢ӵ
볤ϿҲǾޱȣʵ
ȵͷʵȻСӵĵʦֻṩصһЩֲʶУԼģ
һԵĵʦ⻰𺳣ѧɲţҪ֪ҽ̵ʦǺܶ벻ףҪָ㾹Ȼһ㶼ûɻ츳ټֱǱ̬δʦ֮·󣡡
СӣûǰͷŹһҲ֪ͷŵƻ
˵
̵㣬ȿνûлһ˿ðȾɣ־ѹ̫󣬱ϾԼûô̵㣬ܻʵ
㣬ȻôǿҴˣ㲢еλϣضΪĿ̿ǣ
˵
徫ӢСͱŵλ϶ǣȻûִСԼ쳣ڷܣǳûλôãҲûһ˿١
һʦһΪг˶֤ͨʦҲûǱ
ǺȻ˵㣬һ㡣
ԶҲʹʵǺġ
ǱǿȴһոֻչʾҵĻϵûʩչ
Һڴ
Ҳǵͷ
ƺܵϿɣȻЩĵгһȵǻ㣬ˣ
һ俪ѤĻҲûаϾȷʵȻűʤԷİգ̫⡣

ȵ
ͬʱ̨ӿһˣγɣ˶Ͼȣû뵽㾹ȻʩչҪ֪ƻϵ
ȻǻʩչҪǿⳡҰˣ
Χǻ˷𺳣ûѡӲƴ䡣
ԼֵĻϵԷܣѾûбҪټȥ
㽫̨ϵĻȫ˵֪ʵĪ⣬û뵽ǳҵ㣬ķڷΪƾҵŬǿ˶֤ͨʦҲǿԵ촫ģû뵽վûʦ϶ڣ
˵ˣѾܲˣֻϧǷȱһˣ
㵭˵
ȷʵʦϣֻڤ֮ϣȻ˵ھãǿܲģ£ŵڶ֣ȴǱ̭ˣܿϧ
Ҫ٣ŬǶһս٣ңǣӢʦͨʦûʲôֱ𣬾ӢʦȻкܺõǲŬһᱻǻܣֻŬʦ
볤˵
ţϣһŬģ
˵
һʤɹһ֣
Ҳ̨
һսҲò˶ʵܹȻɺϣ֮ǿǵ
ıȫϣڶֽһʣ¾ʦһλʦ̫أƺ޷оҲǷı
ðɣʣµİʦǽʦϵİǿǵĳǩ
˵
ʦվ̨ϣڤվߣͦţȻСͷΣԲ㣬Ȼû谭ڤġ
ƺ͵ģʲô飬˥
㣬ֻǽҰˣȻʵǻ㲻ʲôǶп֣һĶңһὫְֶʶ
뵰һô
ʲô
ڤûס
ۣ
㿴һڤ塣
߻ȻȻ㣬ģҪɱ㣡
ڤҪ֣ȴǺȵڤʲôѵǩʱôô
ʦ
ˣȳǩ
ȵ
ڤ㣬һһѵľһ£һŲҪȫߵˣҪ֪һûüȥŮ֣֮ɲôɥʧ۷硣
ǩֵĶһӢʦڤ⵹Щź
ڤȻһֱҪѵ㣬֪뷨ˡ
㿴ǿУһ˵ı齩Ӳѹ
ڤͽȻһˣŶϣ㾹Ȼҹѯ飬ߺߣҾ˵˲Ҫ㣬ڿˣϣΣ
㿴λֹʦ˫ֲ


1916 ǩ
ô죬ô죡
ŶվԭأľΧȺɢȥɥ㣬վˡ
аôôôϺڤү˵һⲻô常ʦܶԸģ죬һҵģ
뵽һ㣬亹ֱð
ûзֵǣѾߵϣŶϿһ㣬ΧѾûʦˣ˵Һ϶ʶڤүȻ˵߹㣬ܲܰҽһ£
ͣ
ɫһͣýô
Ŷ룬ҡҡͷʾ
ڤĿ֮˵Ҫѵ㣬ѵͲҷ
˵
Ŷ˵常Ҳ֣
ûдˣȨˣ
ʦûȨĹأܵ˱ӵġ
ǣ㺦ڤ̨һҪˣǺοࣿ
ҡҡͷ
λʦҪڤû뵽Ŷʵ̫ųͲҷڤǳ嵱ûδʼȨҲŶϾĵط
ȻŶϸͲҺڤþԼλʦҲǻȻõһ飬Ҫ뿪ǴŶϵ㣬ܲܰһæ
ʲôæ
㻻ǩ
ǩ
ЩĪ
ţ֪㲻ڤҲҺ̨ϾһǩĻҶһ٣
Ŷɫ᲻Ӧ
Ͼ㲻ڤҲһʱѡ̨Ϻڤ򶷣Ͼ֪֪ˣս㻹ûпڤĵơ
㵹νʦǩ飿
ŶһϲֻҪǿһǩ˫ͬ⣬Ȼжͬ⣬ͿԻǩ
û
ͷ
ŶϼֱҪˣ㣬Ǵˣȥ߽ʦ
ɱߡ
վԭأЩЦ⣺־ҪڤһʱĶԹˣλʵֲ常֪ʱ᲻Ʋݳֹأ
ڵʱ򣬰ȹҹһΣǺ˵˻ǩ飬ȵ˼ȻǲϣӦ飬ϾǿڤȻûгϤʵһ֣Ҳڤͻᱩ¶
ûʲôĺܣţҪ֪оԷʱǱضҲоңҹζ࣬һս
˵
ҲգҲգЩ˵˼Ǻǲһǳţ»ȣû뵽㻹˵ңͬŶϵĽ飬ԣڤľսǰ
˵

ҹɫˡ
ʦķ䵱УڤڤϼΪܣҪ֪ΪıǺŶϾҪúýѵԷһû뵽Щʱ򣬽ʦѯǩ֪ŶһҪ㻻һ£ڤ˷ܵĲ֪ԱȻŶϾܽѵСڤҲУ̨㣬ɻڤ춨ʦ
ʦĶ߱ضڤȾָҪ֪ڤ³
ڤ룬ԺУȻ̨ϻĻ棬ĿĿ⣬ȫΪ֮ܡ
ڤ
һڤӻк˳
ôˣ常
ող߻ħ֪ô
ȵ
ҡ
ʦڤʱɻľǺ˼룬һˣӰ챾Ƴ
˵ǷʦĴɣҽкǾҪ߻ħ
ڤŵɫˣ常ңҴˣ߻ħҪʱָܻʱԶȡʤˣ
ʱڤŻ㡣
˵һսûȫʵչֳڤұȰ㲻ҪôôִţҲûʲô˵ģ
常ϵԽãСӾԽ񣬸οԽ̵ǻɱô㣬ôҵĶ֣
˵ˣɱﵣвɺʩչĻ˺Ǽ󣡡
˵
ڤͷͲҪʩչɱˣûʸ񣡡

ա
峿УΪ
Ǿʼһʱ龰Ϊֵֹһ졣
ǵĿĲԶΪ˴ῴλ½ʦ۷
Ȼǩ飬˶ȫ֪
ڤ֮ĶԾǹھս˭֣ܶ˭ͳΪ½ʦĹھ
ţڤֶӵ׻Ƴ棬ڼƷƳıƳ棬㣬ӵеǳɳںϹƳ棬Ҳչֳ˾˵˾Щ˵׼˭ǿ˭
ΪһսľʣҲûҪô磬Ըܹһƾеľǳ嵱УǺóʱûôˣ
һЩ˶ڱ˴ţһսУȻǹھս
һʱ֮󣬰ʦѾ̨֮ϣڴ˵һЩ׻û뵽·ȫ˶Ϊʦʹˣţǳʦվʦ̨ϣضԻúܺõΣ
һƬ
ôðɣҷϻ˵ˣĳʵʦԾʼ
˵
ĳڤ֮ĶԾѹϷ
Ҳʹõûǰ뿪˼ϾǶۿڤǳսġ
Ŷϱ˵һʵʵȻʱϵЩǻ˶֡
̨ĵһ飬ߵϣ㣬ǶлһǩĻҸûĺڤԾһһҪĻҪֻˣ
ȻģҪڤӮˣǿУŶϺܿڤ³Լ
ЦѵҪһر
ǳй涨ģ˽ǲܾģԣʦϣֻҪҲԺûģ
Ŷһðе㣬˵㲻˵Ҳģ
ŶϻǺѣ常ʦضɱﵵģ㣬ҪСģ
ţ
΢΢ͷ
ڤŶϺովȻ˼䣬ɫ쳣ѿŶϿ첽߿ڤߣȻʱڤȴ˵ŶϣΪλǩܱһôֻҪһ㣬ȻҪңʱ˵Ҫһȣͱض
Ŷ֪ĵȻ˵ڤܻ˵ɣʵϣҲֹֻڰǿˣ֮䣬һ
㣬һὫˣ㳹׺ڸո˵Ļ
ڤ˵


1917 ʤ
ڤߵ˼㣬û뵽⵨СŶϾȻǰ˵ȷĻڤĿǳΪʦϵĹھұҪϣĻһк塣
ŶϾȻ˵ڤֹǿǰ֣֮ȻڤҪ
ŶϲҪŭˣûҪʱ𣬵ȵԼ㣬ŶԺмӹ
Ͼ㣬ԼҲǿʦŶϵĸҲС
ȫʱ򣬵ҵУҲӭһС߳
ΪһѹϷ˶ڵȴⳡĵ
ڤ̨ڤǰԸı飬ò֧ĳ˶ЩУй鷴Уڤ常ʦǶڤϣҪЩ
ȻǲΪûлᣬǾˣұƳǳɳںϹƳ棬δʦ֮·Ҳ֮սڤ֣պɾͱضڤ֮ϡ
㣬ҵһ죬ǺܾˣѾĵᱻһ̨ȫ䶯ĳߺߣʱ̣ضǷڣ
ڤ齥ãΪŶϱǸӦΪһĻеˬ
治֪Ǵģֻн콫ܣŻ֪Լ׼ＸĻҲֻԸˣ
㵭˵
һǿƣһƽһչֳȻͬơ
̨ˣһأ
볤˵
ҲڴʱЦڤ⺢ӵʵȻö˵ҽҲǺ֪ȳϵ׽һЩʲôƺϵİɣֻϧıƳ滹ڳɳ׶Σûڤ׻ƳȽϣ
ʦôƺЩ̫˰ɣͻĿأ
˵
ôĿԴˣ
ŵ˵
̨֮ϣڤüѾͷų棬ϵʱ˫֮ǻ⣬ЦΪ˲ˣУĻϵǸЦ
ûڤ˫֮лһҲŲֱܿոǼ治ڤΪ̽ʵ㵹Ҫһú棬Ͼô˵ȵڲſⳡһ浹ľƣضȻζġ
ڤٶ㣬ĻûһԴ䣬ǱŪڹ֮һ㡣
ڤЩ߳ŭ㣬ѵֻܵıôǿƣ
̫ˣ
˵
˵
ڤҪ裬ԼҪ̽СӵʵΪȫʵɣǸķ
һ
ڤȵ
̨֮Ǿֳһ֮ȻȥڤʩչĻϵûаη壬֮Уͬһ֮
䣡
޴ײЩ̨ƻ
ոշҲǻһȥ֮ڤȴǿֻ̫࣬˶ȵǣڤȻȻվ̨֮ϡ
ô£
ǶЩ⡣
ڤʱЩң常齻ңǸոһҪɳȥû뵽СӵȻôǿһǴˡ
ֻһ˶ǿ󣬷һֱʱҲüͷͬû뵽ӵеĲǳɳںϹƳ棬ôڶ̶ʱھͱ֮ǿֱû顣
ڤϴʦĻ飬ѹֻվ̨֮أ
˵
ҲǻȻմĻϵǻϵʦ֮ĴɱȻȻҪڤ٣л֣ڤȴǲܰܵģ
һʼҲǾЩ죬ܿԷϱضʲôĻոһҪܵˡ
ڤϵ˲٣ϾѾû˶ŵĵˣǻĻ̨֮¡
ҪʩչɱﵲɣĻڤ̨ϰܸ㣬Ժ󶼸̧ͷˣ
ڤа
㵹Ǵ˸ǷôˣоܵôһΪֿԴģ
ڤȵ㣬ϴл飬ջϵΪһܸ㣿ߺߣⳡʤߣֻң
飿ѹ֣ıǮ
Ȼ
ڤ˵ӵл飬Ҳһζķأȡʤʵ̫ʣߺߣ㣬ͻڽ̨ϺҶԾˣ
ô

ʱڤ۾ѾѪɫģǴһ㣬ȻŲٻţһ̣徹ȻһͷŻѪɫǡ
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ
ȸ˵㾹Ȼ̸ڤѪ֪֪ʩչѪҪľѪǽ֮
ȳϣƺôֶ޹ϵɣǺúÿôܵİɣѪƺҲвʱûгڳǰˣ
˵
㿴ǰѪɫǣ¶һ˿죬Ѫǽ֮Ǿڤʩչⳡ˼ˡ
㲻Ӯ̫ɡ

ȵ
̨˲һƬ𺣣ڻ𺣵еѪɫǣȴǲܰţڤл黤ںϵ
ȻѪɫǳ㱼ӿȥʱһ׵ȴǴĵбŷ
ϵ
ϵȻϵ찡㣬ôô
Ŷ̶죬ıƳǳɳںϹƳ棬ôѧϰȫϵ̫˰ɣ

һƥѪɫǳ̨ϣѾˣΪҪѪĽ֮ͬʱʩչϵϵǸˡ
ȫϵ½ʦǹҲǵһˣ
䣡
һɫ׷·ںʩչϵһǿϵǿѪɫǣȻֱӽǵɳ̨
ˣ
޴ڵҵУѪɫˤڵϣʱҵУѻȸ
ԭ˶ڴͷѪɫǾչֳεȵʵû뵽ǣһǽѪƳ
ܣܣҵѪûгʩչôױ
ڤ԰ף˥˲١
˫ǷߺޣԼոձ̨
ѪȻܣ⡭
һŵı飬߬סȭͷҪԾ̨֮ϣ
ӮˣĻҿɾҪͷʹˣ
Ŷ˵
ⳡڤ̨Ӯʤ
˫Ҳ𺳣һ̣Ѿվ̨ϣ


1918 
ڤȻǾ˶飬ʩչ˽֮ѪڤһԾ޴ƻܵġ
֮󣬽ǿϯλȻ֮һ
ǿǩ鵽ŶϣȻ߲ж㣬㣬ŰܽǿѾˣ൱㡣
ܳΪʦϵĹھʱϵʵЩ̫ãϾΪ˱֤ʦǵ棬ʦÿֻܽһ
㿴ڽǩʽ֮ڤľ뿪˵ңǾЩЦ˵ʵ½ʦУܹǶģھȳϵûǿʦǱԾ㱾ƳǰڷǳƵĳɳںϹƳ棬Ȼܹӳǿ
ǵҪԡ
ٳʦΪʦĸʵϣһеԴ屾һصıء
Ϊ½ʦУǿĶڤܣԾĶֶȻûǿ
֮Ȼվ̨֮ϣʱܵȫ˵Ļ֮Ϊ½ʦĹھ
˵˼ʦˣûһ㼤ģ㣬ǳ嵱еĽδھʵ飡
ʵЩ˼ϾǳˣҲֻΪѰ˹ʦҲȲѵ顣
뵽Լκ˺飬Ժ԰һЩСæҲͲôˡ
²ûпֶӰȻϯʽ㱾Ǹ֮ˣ̨ϲûн̫໰ֻ˵ԼضŬΪҫ
ﲻ࣬ģ浱Уõһ壬Ҫʵȥǡ
ʦʽĻҲǻصȵĵҵУչȴ˽
ţ
ţ֪ҲȷʵˣʦھӦùϲһ
˵㲢ǺܽҵĹϲأ
ô᣿Ҿðűض̨֮Ѿϲˣڵǲ¶̫˷֮ɫ
Ц
ڤʵ֮ģӵл飬Ѿʩչ˽֮ѪȻܣԣ֮ǰ͹ʵ
˵ΪĵʦңеѹܴΪҾȻʵ͸
Щ̾Ҳ˵⡭Ҫҵʵþһûô˵ʵûڤ常ͺ˲Ҫ֪ҵĵʦҲǰţǳ峤ϣ
ˣҾͲǰԹˣҪ㣡
˵
ҵƿ
ô˵ǻƿأֻʺϳΪǳʦʹ
˵˵㣬Ҳˣ
ϵʦʲôʱʼ
һº󣡡
һôеʱ䣡
ͷܴӦ󣬲ϣӦһ
ʲô
ʦҲҪϳ
Ҫϳ
ҡͷУԲУʦɲǳ嵱еʦǿƣҿûһ½ʦȻ츳ǿã
а취һڽȥ
˵ĵɣһҪȥҪ֪ڲһתʦֻбƳˣʦϵǳٶתʦӵֻƳ棬ôԸ
תʦô
˵ţ㿴ӵмֻƳ棡
£üĵУȴӿһɹȱЩĿһۣ˭֪һۣŵôֻƳ棬һֻϵĹƳ棿
ϵĺ׹Ƴ棬ƷӦǼƷƳ棡
˵
ʲôʱȥһ˹֮أ
ˣ֮аһڽʵ
֮أÿſһΣҲ˵һλʦһֻܻһֻƳ棬һܹһֻƳ涼츳ˣСӣȻ͵͵֮ػùƳ棬治֪Ӧ˵ţֺˣ
ϵıЩΡ
ʵðȾֲ̫ˣδ˵˭ܹڶ̶̰²ʱǽתʦ츳峤֮󣬶ŵġ
֮ǰѾð̫ˣǽǰʵ
ʦÿֻϱˣˣضаܹڴϻεʦ㣬ͬȥμӴҲûõģ
˼ǻҪϵ
ʵ
Ͼд£ǻûѡȥμӴʦʱ㻹Ǽӽɣ
˵
Ҳǵͷȵ˼Ȼ׼ԼʱԼʵǲصĻҲܹˣϾ廹ҪԳΪǰᣬһעܻȥμʦǾܵġ
ʱֻʣһ£ҲǰµУұضҪȥһٽǹ֮أջֻƳ棬ȥμʦĻʹˣ

ڤûѡһʦУڤǿɹ֣ܶһĳ嶯ΪǱҫ
󶼴ڼУڤ鸴ӣʱΣȻʦѾĻԷܻ㡣
ڤܸ㣬֪Լô
˵
֪Ұڲ֪ʵȻû뵽ȫϵ
ڤ˵
̫Դ󣡡
˵һֱ㶼ԴԸҲûеѵ㣬ΪҾܹ㣬嵱Уû˿۸㣡
ǣԴ㣬ҷҴˣȻֲţ㣬ҲҪʵߣҪı˼룡
常ûԴұͱǿһΣֻҲԷʵˣ
ڤȻϾ
㲻ԶԷʵһΣصĺҵʶ޷̽ʵ츳Ҫʵ̫ѣ
˵
常һҪ㣬ҿºڣȴų̂ϻ˶ſҵЦҲ̫ã
ڤ˵
ʵ̫˼ںһսУûзӳȫԡ볬ȵ컹ѣ
常ֶھȻ˵ֻⲻ˵һӣҶҪѹͷô
ڤ˵ҾҪˣԸһ


1919 ٽ֮
ҪһԶѹͷϣΨһֻһ취
ֳһĨɭʧϣԶηˣ
常˵
ڤ۾ȻһҪ̨Ϻݺݽѵ㣬ǴûҪ֪嵱иͲ˽¾οɱԷ顣
˵Ǹţ̶һܣܹչֳǿ츳Ѿ֤ǱˣڤڲҲ׷ϲϵģʹҵ̵Ҳûãպеλ᳹вң
常ĵλв
ڤȡ
ѾִһƿˣĻҪٴ죬ǱޣֻҪʱ䣬ԳɳںϹƳ츳Ҫϳң̫ѣ
˵
ڤҲɱ常˵ǣҾԶͷϣҪɱ
һҡͷǣжڶĳͷ̫ˣҪ֣ܵģ
ԣҪҵһɣն࣡
˵
ɣ
ڤɻ󣺡常ɱǲκηյɣ
ߣѾ鵽иûκһ˽λǣȻȺСӶ˵ѣһɣҽɱ볤Ҳǲܹҵģ
˵
ȻȫİգĻڤ˵ȴ󵨵顣
ڤҲ˵常û뵽СӲǳˣֲǰǿҰܸĲǳʦ
ٴλָţϾ½ĳʦȻѹ쳣ǵֻĲǳˣþ֮вҲӦ
常׼ʱ֣
Сڱضڰȵĵ֣Ҫһᣡ
ţ常Ҿڴ㽫ɱһ̣ߺߣ
ڤ˵

һڵҵвûиеаķζ˵һսԼȤζ飬ǳȫµ򣬾ÿҲа
ȻÿпһΣȻÿ㶼ڵбչĽչһ֪
ܿ죬ʮʱȥˣ˫һĨһˬĸܣʮҵѾִһƿϴָܵʱ̱ǰܶȻڹ֮صջһֻϵƷƳ棬ҪܶջһֻƳˣ
֮һûĻƽʱڣǾԵĲκ˽еģȻһЩϳ⡣
ܶͬܶлطЩطȤϴֱ͵ܽ˹֮أȻǴι֮û˰أһΣ֪Ƿôˡ
ûãܶУϡЩʦǿ㣬һ棬ϾոջʦĹھǶ֪ܶеȥ
ܶʮطȥҪȵҪϲ٣ʵϣȡŨƳҪֵȻٶҪһЩЩطʵЩʵ
ҲмλʦܶеطΨһ֮ͨصͨȴûһʦҪ롣
ͨһȴǴȻ֮ǰǩŶϣǾϲ㣬û뵽㣬ʮûˣʱ㶼ܶģ
ЩҪѶԷҲǵͷ
Ŷϲ㵽Ҫȥ˵ȥҲȥȥطһʺģ
֮أ
˵
֮أ㣬ںҿЦأ֮أһʱǾŵģվżλǿ߰أһֻӬɲȥ
ŶϾڿЦ
ҲԼϴãΪ֮صʱȷʵһǿ߶ûϣʱҲû˵ġ
㲻ţ
˵ҽȥˣ
Ŷϼ㳯Ź֮صķȥĿ⵱ǾȣΪֻ˵Цˣ֪㻹Ҫȥǹ֮أ찡ôȥ֮ظǶ½ʦҪõڶֻƳ棬ҲҪٵȵһ֮󰡣⻹츳ǿʦ
Ƭ̣ŶѾʧͨͷȻǹ֮أҪԭؾˣӣӰǽȥˡ
ԭط㶣ʱһŴļ
Ŷϻͷһɫһ䣺ڤȻ㣿
ôʮ첻ڤҲҪʶôȻĺ߹
ڤ˵ܲôôʲô߹Һֻѣ
ֻѣ㻻ǩߣǻǩĻֻͱҴˣվ
ڤȵ
ܶҴطģû뵽Ŷ·Ϸ㶣ž͹ϷˣŶϡ
ô˵ǳϲˣû뵽㻹֪֮
ŶȻҲڳ嵱УڤǲҺԼ˽¾ģĻܵĳͷԼ޷ơ
ȻڤֻǽŶϵҪǸ˵һոյĻһȭԴŶϣΪڸ㣬ͿΪΪ㣬Ĳ˼ģ
ߺߣڤҲǣһӶܳģҸովͿ˹֮أѾ˶תʦʵˣӵе츳
˹֮أ
ڤ֮ͨصķҲ뵽Ŷһ͵ģ㳯ǹ֮ȥˡ
Ŷ̶̲һµʱ䣬㾹Ȼӵ˶תʦʵǳ嵱κһŰɡ
ȷǷҪȥ֮صģ
ڤ˵
ŶϱҲǷˣٶ죬Ҳһ²ʱͳɾͶתʦɣֻΪҪڤҲ˵ĿӵжתʦڤͲҪˣ㲻ǸСϺװˣֻ۸۸ʵˣ
˼Զ۸ʲô£б㶷̨ϱ˴ĺ͹һҳҫ
ڤŭŶϸո˵֮ģ׽ŭҲǺȵһ죬֪ո˵Ļжôɣ
һ죬ض常ɱһ죬ֻ嵱˶ҲǳʦδϣȻǹȥʽҪ֪ĳˣʦھӦģ
ҵһУҪڵ浱еС
ڤǰŶϼаǷжתʦʵȻѾؽ֮أôھȥ֪ͨ常ֻҪ常Ҳǹ֮أǾһ
㣬Ըܼ̫


1920 ֻƳ
֮صܹͨһյĴš
ϴʱŽգûаӰҲĽŴ˽ȥֱû˷֡
ΣȻûôˣ֮⣬Ӱվıֱܹվﱣ֮أ˵ʵö˵
ʱ˾ǼУ÷׭ʹϢգλǿ߶޷
ܿ죬һǿߴӲԶȥ˵ͷĿ
һ㣬ǰʱ䲻΢뿪˹֮أû뵽֮ؾȻʦϢô£ѵʦ͵͵֮أ
˵
磬Ƿغ֮ѾʮˣûйһֻӬҷɽȥϴβƬ̵뿪ȴǱʦץס˽ȥòû֪˱Ȼ⵽ɣ

ڲԶȻѾϴβл֮أǻ˽֮ء
ȻǾٴ⡣
Ҫ֮أȵ컹ѡ
Ž֮صİ취ȴû뵽ǴǴ죬λ硯˵ʵϴε飬ҲҪ̫֮Ȼ͵͵ȥôʦȻǱջƳģʦʵҲʧΪһ£
ţ磬ĻǿɲЩôھεģ
Ҫ֪ع֮رһ﷦ζ飬һɾʮ꣬ż͵˵ʲô
ϴ֮ʦѾһˣض츳˵ô̵ʱͻƣȻȥϢһٹ
˶ػ֮һΪȤ飬Ͼ飬Ѿظĸʮ꣬û˽ǣػ֮صһǻѪҲױʱĻˡ
ڳԼļͥǵȻϣŸʱԼĺӡ
ۼ˺ܿ뿪Ҳһҵ˹ȥΪҪ֮ϼѣû뵽֮ٴνٵߣλػ֮ص˾Ȼѡˡ͵
Ҳ
㽫֮صĴŴ򿪣ֽܿȥ
֮һƳĶѨУֹܸܿܵƳϢҲ֪Ľһ㣬Ȼһӵ˹
ϴЦ⣬ĸΧЩƳ棬ЩƳƽʱڹ֮棬ֻÿ֮ؿŵʱܺʦӴЩͼƳ沢ǾλʦǱܴŻѡģΪҲȥʶʶ硣
֮أڹС
Ǹ׺ǿˣ֮ؾĹƳ涼ѾΧܣȻҪ뿪֮ء
ֻǿϧڵȻֻܴ֮һǲйƳԸˣ
ƳҲˣӦʦΪеѣΪÿʱỵ̈㶼ҪԼĹƳϵǲս
ҲĺЩƳ潻Ǻܺõһ㣬Ȼźܱߣǲûѡߡ
мֻƷƳҲǳΧӵһֻɳںϹƳ棬ջȫϵƳ棬ڶֻƳ棬ҲǻϵƷƳ棬һΣѡ˻ϵƷƳ棡
ֻƳˣƳ棬ϵеļƷƳ棬˲
㰵
ֻƳ沢ûа㷴㣬෴գջֻƷƳ沢ûл̫ʱ䡣
ţֻƳˣӦǳеתʦ˵λʦϵǿתʦ֮ϣĶʮ쵱УһøŬУ
ԼȻתʦǾʸԶԶģתʦҲǴ͵ĴڣҪ˹ʦҵֱ롣
㱾Ҫ뿪֮أϾǵȵλػ߻ĴΣˣǿ֮صУƺһɫȦĵط
ӽʱΧĲٹƳ涼Σյźš
ɫȦνûпû뵽νǳˣ⵽ʲôأΪʲôҪҴΣյѶţ
㰵
ȻЩ棬ҲھӦ뿪֮أĻȵλػ߽ضѷɡ
ܿҪִ֮صĴſڣʱһ벻Ӱȴǳˡ
˵Ȼλػ֮һڤ常
ô
ɵʱ󷢳ˬʵЦߺߣ㣬ɲ֪ʮ죬ҵȵĶô
ңɱô
㷴Ӧ
㻹ͦģֻǿϧҲһϵˣɱ㣬ձضҪвң
ΪʲôôΪʲôҪв㣿
úЦ嵱иͲѡû뵽ȻµȵԺɳвеλ
Ҫˣѵ׼ģһô˵Щֻ
˵
ǱǸƾ㣬ֵҵ
˵
ҲǰƾڵʵȻĶ֣λػΪʲôǳֵĻܹһ
ҲգڽûܾģҺܺ棬Ϊλ֮أҪ֪һµʱ䣬ǲٴλõڶֻƳģ
ŵڶֻƳô
ĮüĵеͷųֻɳһâҪ۾
ʲôֻƳ棬㣬㾹ȻѾתʦ
𺳣Լǰġ
̶һ²ʱСӾȻѾɾתʦٶȣٹЩʱգҪϳԼ
СӣȻ
ҲΪҪʱȵλߵĻû뵽λػ߾ȻһȥԶǵӰԼ֮ڽˡ
Ȼ˵Ļ㣬ֻһˣ
ɱңΪӵ˸ϵô֪嵱жڶ߽ϳͣ
ն࣬ο㱾Ͳǳ֮ˣ㹻ɱɣ
¶һ˿âüĵͷųǿܹüĵУȻֻɳ档
Ȼתʦ
Цȥɣ
һǿĵлЩ޴ӿ˹
Ϊһܹ㳹ɱû뵽㾹ȻʧԼǰ
Ȼܣ֮صи·ߣȥ
ȵ
ʩչķӹһٵѾ֮أЩееĹƳ涼ΣյУҲ޿κΣϾֻǹƳѣûбʦջ֮ǰû취ӳʵ
㣬ѾǾ·ҿ㻹Ҫӣ
ȵ
ʩչķҲܶȫĺܣĿ⿴˷ſǵɫȦУﰵֻ֮ضˡ


1921 İռ
Ƴ֮ǰѹ㣬ɫȦ̺ĪΣҲ˵׼뿪֮صģû뵽ĳֽϾ·
֮رɱɫȦվҲôһ
շҪ֮ɱңҪסֻҪһδ㲱ϵĶ͸Сĵ㣬һȡģ
ɲ֮䣬ǺɫȦûֹС
ҲǲļЦСӣǹ֮صеİռ䣬ΣأҽжҪһΪ˲ɱȻѡİռ䣬ʡԶ֣
İռ䣬֮صеļΪնطӹһʮλʦҽУһ⣬ȫС
ȻİռҲÿʱÿ̶ڹ֮صеģֻżȻʱ䣬İռŻֻ֣Ҫ㲻Ȧ֮Уᱻİռȥġ
ûа취ѡİռģ֣ܱ֮رɱĺá
Ҫ֪Ȼǲ֮ҪǱɱĻضҪʱ򣬲֪²޳
ӹ֮سЩãϾİռǱض˵ģܵ㻳ɣϾ֪㡣
ʦô֮а
֮棬ǻǸջѾ֮ܵصʦϢ
û뵽оȻ
˼ôģ
üͷһ壺Ҹովοǵģ֪Ӱ֪ģߺߣôϲ֮ô
˭˽Խ֮أȻҪܵ׷ģȻϺ峤⡣
Ȼеλñ֪͵͵֮أҲǻܵӰġ
ŵɫ䣬֪֮صзʲôҪ¸߸볤ϣȻҪܵġ
˶Ϊǳػ֮أûйͣҲпͣǳҲͼ̣´ΣٷȲعصΪߺߣȻ볤ϣʱ¹죬ûкôģ
ȵ
˶æͷлʦ
ȵߺ˶ɻλ硯˵ôôù͵Σ˭֪ζ˽˹֮أ
磬ҸоνĶ󣡡
ΪΣ
һ˽ҪץְأŹΣֻǾǣûȥҾúأ
йĻӦò׷ŹǣζĹ֮أеĵλΪҪ͵͵֮أ
˶Щ벻ףΣǶܽ˵ȥĻضŹǵģ
ţ󾿾ΪҪ֮أǵû֪Խ࣬ûôģ
ǶеλǷȻѡһ·ǱضҲܽν֮ص˵ȥĻǻ

İĿռУֻƾʶܵΧһУڴ˵ȻǵĽʵҲǲܿʵѾһĶռ䡣
ΧƯڿе˶ʯЩʯһжôžһ˿Щڵռ䡣
ռùŹ֣Щͨͨͨܿģﲻܣĺڰ
㰵ЩƳ涼ռ䵱ž޴գұѡ񣬷ĻҪɱֻһһˣ
Ȼȫһ޴ʯЩʯûײ㣬ȻƯڿռ䵱Уǰһ

ֵ촫㲻߾Ȼﲢһ˳ʱϮ
ʶܹܳһֻֻﳯײ㱾Ҫüеȫͷųȴû뵽ĹƳ澹Ȼʧȥ˸Ӧһ㣬ȫӡˡ
ʲôռӡסƳ
üЩۿҪ˵ǰ̺ȭȭˣֱӽЩȫɱ
ܿ죬ֳһһɱ
ѹЩƳҲҪռ䵱УռӡסʦڵĹƳ棬ûʩչʦֻҵһҵĻҪУ
㰵
ǿԳɵ壬ǱӡסҲûаϵȻܽתΪ
Ǹոսռ䣬֪жΣգҲǲа⡣
ǣ
ߣЩԭƯŵʯͻȻ춯ʯƴһ޴ʯͷˣһǰʯͷ˷Х˻Ҫ㴸ȭ֮С
䣡
Щʯͷ˶㱼ӿǾ޴ȭ㣬ӰŲȭж
ЩʯͷȻǶ׾ױץȥոȭҲΪҪ̽ǵȭϾڻЩʯͷ˵ǿóȻʩչȭֵȻΣա
ֻǾЩʯͷ˵һֵĹѾԼȫԵֵסЩʯͷ˵ȭ
Щʯͷ˱Ϊηǣû뵽ǻڶȭʱҲǺȵȭ
˵Ӱȭиֳǿ˹ЩӲһʯͷҲȭ״ݻ٣ʯͷѣɷĩʧڿռ䵱С
ΪЩʯûΣգ뵽Ȼںϳʯͷˣﻹǲа⣡
㰵
ѾԼˣϾռֻǷӡסˣȻܹʩչĻոЩԼʯͷѾɱԼˡ
һʦǾһãԼǴλֻһ֣
ǰȥȻ֪ռӦô߳ȥһֱԭزȻֻܵ
ϣԼŬѰġ
ǰͻȻһʹȻһǿҵİɫâЩ˼飬ǹߣҲ޷ʹ۾ǹֻһʧ˳ŹԴȥ
ٴϣһܹԴǱƺиȻ
¡¡
оռ䶼죬޹⣬ʶҲ޷ܵǹԴȻﵽʲô
оԼĽ²ȵ˶Ӳģʩչʶ̽Ȼһ׹ǣ
ռ䵱УȻİ׹ǡ
ܵԼڷصһ㣬ΧȻŲٰ׹ǣ뵽ôİ׹ǣѵ֮ǰҽЩʦµģ
㲻Ӳ²⣬ܾҪЩ׹Ǿô£ͱȻҪ˽ͷųȻ
ֻȻ̺ž޴ֻԶԶվһʶܣѾȷԼȻĶ֡


1922 ս֮
ô죿
ЩȻڵĿǰԻܵģԷƺûжԸ˼Ȼͷʹ
뻢ѨɵûӣҲҪ֪Ȼﵽʲô
սȭͷ
Ȼ֮ǰȻ׼Ը㣬Ҫʱ򣬻Ƿ˾˵ĺڿռ䵱
¡¡
ⲻòͣԽʶԽܸȻģڵϵݵĻֻܹһСɽͷһǣ˫ţĿ⵱лż۾ʹĹߡ
ͣסֻҲֹͣǶһֵвҲսԣ㻹û׸ﵽʲô
ռ䲻һʵ
㰵
ҲȻӰ죬ϥʼ
һɫâߣЩϹ޷ۿǹ˫Ҳɫâ
㾪ȵķ֣ԡЩ׹⵱УٶȾȻ֮ǰ˲٣Щ׹⵽ʲô
ֻҪһֱͷɫâȻͲҶɾ裬׹һֱҲǰռҲҲȻҵͻͽ
߲ռ䵱ܹӡڵĹƳ棬ûʩչ㲢Ӱ죬Ȼܹ׭
˴ʱ㷽˫ۣ׭ȫ˻ȥȻҲǼʱɫ˻ȥһµĺܡ
ʱĵ֮컹ҪջĶ࣬ڻϽҵ뿪Ļ浱еʦҺܸܿϲˣ
ЩǣϾΪѰ˹ʦʦֻʣ¶ʮʱ䣬ԼһֱȻԸʦ
ǹƺңֻҪһжῪʼţ
ùͷŵİ׹⣬Լÿռ𵴣ǿ־ԼΪ
̽˵
׭ڿУʶܣȻҲͷųɫߣЩɫϣܹٷ׭ֱЩɫߣȻ۾ôʹޱȡ
ڵ̫ܲ࣬ǰﵽôһ¡
ԽǽӽԽǷռ䶼𵴡
𣡡
ҲǵͺһȻס˶ԷһǹȻһˡ
Ȼ¶ļһһˣ
ԣӴЩȻǿ̫࣬ﲢûй㡣
ЩɫҲʼϣһůƢĸܡ
ϴϤĸо
һԺѪ񵶵еĹŻСɫɫмɻ
ҲǽѪ񵶰˳ɫĹâҪռ䣬Ѫ񵶵ĳ֣Ҳǹ﷢
ܹܵóΪ㣬һֳ
ϴս֮ޣǰϴսǺӣ˵ԶŻеػޣû뵽Ȼ䵽ز
Сɫɫ˵
ѹѪ񵶻ᷢԭǡ١ǰĻ飡
㰵
ǹѾ֪ݣȻСɽһƣվ棬еǡ
ս֮޲ԣܸܳѾԼҲܿս֮޵ԸӦǱȽ˳ģˡ
ոԼռ䣬ֻŽԼߣûɱԼ˼ĻԼĿǰ޷Ըս֮޵ġ
Сɫɫ֪ô
İռ䣬ϴΪλ
׷ɱνģ
Щơ
ѹ֣ߵʱַ˲飬İռֱ֮Ϊʦɱǽֹʹðģϴ㻹òֻʦĻ
ЩңҪ֪սʱЩԼ޴ʯͷˣЩһʦֵܹסġ
ս֮ͷŵİɫ߶ҵķ׭мʲô
ΪԶŻˣͷŵĽսߣ壬ǻԵѣ
Сɫɫ˵
Щ׹ⲻԶŻ˲˺һܰ׭ǲ
Ҳǵͷս֮޵ĺøּ˼֡
ս֮޷ȻǾС
ô뿪
ʵ
ϴʵˣֻ΢İռеһЩ飬Ǵδ
Сɫɫ˵
ʱս֪֮˼Ȼ߶
ս֮ӦǴѰ·ˣ
Сɫɫ˵
Ҳս֮ƵУЦ㽫ѪóҲ˷ôʱˣ
ս֮ߵһطȻͣ㽫ʶͷųȥﾹȻһƬڡ
Ϊǰ׹ǡ
⣿
ĿЩɻ
ս֮
˵˵ǳڣ
ս֮ͷ
ھȻô׹ǣǶôã
㲻졣
ȻǳڣôǻûȥѾˣȻ˻ɡ
ս֮ǸܵʲôΣһ㣬޴徹ȻŲԶȥȻ֮УҲǸ뿪
һ̣ʶǸܵոŲٰ׹ǵĵطȻһǿ塣
ЩѾռնʼù
ս֮ҷ죬±ץס

һЩķȻʱٴγֻ֣ǳƬ̣ͱЩȫɱ
Щİռһ㣬Я޾ơ
ɱЩ֮뿪ˣȥ硣
ȷ뿪ս֮ŻָҪ֪ս֮ʵѾǿˣȻηЩ壬֤ǵĿֲ
ϧ㲻ԣĻضԸЩʲôԼôİռģ
˵
ս֮ٸʲô֪ս֮ѾİռĻѾܸˡ
ȥǳڰɣҪ£
˵
ս֮һǳڴ
㽫ʶչϲֻа׹ǣʰһסĽɫ«
«Щƺ«ǲ֪װʲô
Щ
ûд򿪣ǸܵЩҪ֡һս֮Ӧ죬˲佫밲ȫĵط
ֻڳһǲطÿӾһˣ鷳
ս֮ѾԶѾãʱЩ徭ڳڴƵ
˿еĽɫ«Ŵ򿪵ĳ嶯


1923 
Щ壬ʱвң«ﵽʲô
㽫нɫ«ƿ򿪣һѤĹâӺ«бŷһֻֻɫСɳ˳ЩСɳ棬оȣǹƳ棬ȫǼƷƳ棬찡ôɫ«
ЩСɳǱں«ܾãһųԵر˷ܣûзߣֻ
ȻΪʦְҵʱж̣ڹƳϤȻǲģЩСɳǹƳ棬ƷʶǼƷƳ档
ƳǷһƺоЩƣˣǾȻٴνɫ«С
ⲻΪɻ
ϴɫ«ҶʲôЩƳļһ
Сɫɫ
Ҿɫ«ӦһλʦµģЩ׹ǵȫʦЩʦΪ˲ùƳ泹ʧǽȫװ«У
²
пܣһʦõĹƳҲӦȥʦƳΪеһ֣֪ԼɣԽƳ
Сɫɫ˵
ЩƳֻӵµˣ
˵ҪҪЩ嵽ʲôս֮޶ηǣ
սֿ֮һԶƺЩٴ֣Ҳֳ־ɫ
˵ǺµĻһǰ̽
ս֮޿Ǳߣƺ
ûս֮ޣǳڣǲ罫ЩʲôٹãԼҲЩ׹һ
ЩѾһʶҲǳ׸ܳЩò
һֳЩĹ
ͷһ׳ļǣȻϵ
һֻﳯײȥҲûη壬йŻѵѪ񵶣ޱȵġ
˫յȻһӳ޴ĵŷֻȳȥǸܵ˾޴ΣûаҪ˵˼ͷϵļͷȥȻֱӽֵ
ֻҲЩûڳǰˣ
Ǳ˴˵һ̽СҲǴЩܵҵĵϴǻȳ˰ɣֲս֮޲ҹ
ˣǻǳô
ҡҡͷ
ЩֻƬͣͣڼսûƬ̣Ǳһ볯
ķ
һȫķʱʧЩҰС
䣡
ЩʧȥĿ꣬Ƿŭȫڵ֮ײ
ķȻʱʧǲ㳹ΣգЩɢȥѾסȥκһ·ˡ
ϴЩҪסǵȥ·û·ˣֻǴˣ
С˵
еܲ㣬һֻﶼܹסѪ񵶵ĵοһȺ
ӿг֣Щ̸ܵת˲䣬һΪǿ׵糯
ӵҲסЩ׵磡
ӰһķٴʧҰС
ƴǾֻűӵзķԱ⣬ҪЩİΧӴܳȥǸ⡣
¡¡
һҵĽŲⲢﴫģս֮ޡ
ɽһ峯߳Щﶼ˶ݵͣ͵С
ս֮ƣҲǻһԾϣս֮޳ЩﻹûзӦ̴ɴ뿪
ִﰲȫҲЩңս֮޼ʱϵĻ׶༪٣ҸоЩͬẦս֮ޣΪβҺǿսأ
ϴս֮˳ǡ١ϴ֮󡮽١ϴһ˴Ǻӣս֮޷ԶŻԭܲУ
С˵ǺܲҵǣԶ齨ˣǵĿǽԶŻ壬ܲ١飬ҾͲˣ
ս֮İռ䣬ҲǷ˲飡
˵ҾҪ뿪ҲȻһߵã
ս֮˵Ļ˸м
ʱ㻹û취ԸЩҲû̫ļϥʼ
ս֮ͷųɫߣЩɫϣʹɿ졣
İռ䣬ֲҹҲǵԼ˶ãΪս֮ްɫߵļӳ֮£ĵ̫죬ֲͷ
ʹһǿİռܹԼܻܿһֻƳˡ
ǰ磬ҵĵѾ˴ɾ磬ѾҶ޷ƿصĽ׶Σ
֮Դ޷κΪ֮Ѿɽ׶޷û뵽ڵϣȴ֮ⷢľ˲١İռ䣬Ǿ֮ͻͽԼЩֲ
׭ҵĵƣǳ嵱˶Ҳ֮ǰԽսǿߵĵڷ׭ҲҸĻЩӣɱΧ
㰵
СΪ֮ǰûչҵľҲû̫ԲҪ״̬
Ҳ˵ϴҪȥԸЩ
ڵʵӦÿǿһֻˣ
˵
ս֮޴ʱҲǡ¡¡վڵߣХЦ㾹Ȼô˷ܣðɣǰ͡١սڿʼһ𲢼ս
𣡡
ս֮޷Ҳģվ棬ܿλá
û̫ãЩѲһ֣ܿǵȻѾܳϢս֮ޣǻЩη塣
һֻǳԱһǵͷų磬û֮ǰһʩչķܣȫɢɫâƵУȻһɫһĻ档
ڤĻҲԴ̺ǿޱȡ
ĵ׭Ǳ֮ǰǿ٣顯һڤĻȻֱӽͷŵ׵ȫˡ
ƺЩţٴγײǺȭǿֱӽɳȥ
ϴû뵽Ѫ񵶶ûγͻǾ뿪ָտɴˣ
ûУʱֻӦһֻ뿪ʵսһȺҵȥ·
˵
κοǣҲԾս֮޵֮ϣս֮мӭ㿭һ㣬Ǵ뿪
ЩﷴӦ׼׷㣬ǿս֮뿪ӰҲֻԭûκΰ취


1924 İ֮
İռ䵱ʱ䣬رܹܵٶȣֻѾһʱˣʱ䵱УȻȫİռ䵱
𣡡
ս֮޿ڵϵ˫Ҳǽɫջأ˷֪ܵӱչص
㵭˵İռ䣬Ҳ֪׾˼죬ѾаնԸЩˣս֮ޣȥڣ
𣡡
ս֮һǳڴ
ʱҲǸոպãЩҪ뿪ᵽϢ֮ǱǶת˫ŭ⣬ֻ֮ǰɳȥȫһɱ
ȳ֫Ц֮ǰѾҵĶˣڹֻ
һȭȭޱȣֻﱻɳȥڿըѿ
ɱЩ㵹ûаΣϾİռ淨ǵڳڴκ˳ȥ֮ǰռʦҲǱɱɱǣֻбɱ
ͬ鱻ɱȫ쳣ŭ쳤Хﶼ˹ȥ
ϴ㶥סôסû콫Ѫ񵶰γڵķ׭ټҵԻǣ
Ҫ֣
㰵
ǰСǾһս˯ߵУξѣ㲢ûѪ񵶾κδսΪ˱СٸΪؼʱٷá
αչأ̫֮죬Ѿȫȫһľ磬㽫֮Ϊվ磬һ֮ǰȫ󲻳Ŀֲ硣
Ȼ۱ȫǣ
һ·統Ǹصɱ
䣡
һȭȭֲضΪ֮ǰȳĻҲҪͷųľ޴һҪ֪תʦһܹ
һֻֻﱻɣȻǵڿбѣ֮ǰֻ³һģһ
ѾоĿ־壬ʣʮֻﲻҺٿȥǳһȥ
û׷ȥϾֻҪЩﲻҵھˣûҪ̫Ͼɱ
ѾûӰʶҲȫ鲼ڸ
׼ȷ˵һ̯׹ǣ඼һЩ鶫ǰЩӼ񵽵Ľɫ«Ψһıˡ
ȻǳڣȴûиܵκܹȥͨЩ֡
ս֮мڸھ
ȷھ
ʵ
սּ֮
ѵ֪˳ڣ޷ȥô
Ȼһϵİ׹ǣѵЩʦ֪ǳڣζ޷ȥŻģ
Ҫˣ˾񹦣Ҳû뿪ﰡ
㲻ЩЦ
ȻƬ̣Ǹоһ˿ΣյϢЩܵﾹȻٴηֻȻûеӸҶԸģʶܹĸӦһֻΪӴ塣
岢ǸΪǿ̬ϳɷӰҲ˲ǰ
ЦɭСӣȻҵİռ䣬һߵ
˸˵˻ģ
˵
˼˵ӣʵ̫ᣬս֮޾Ȼûй㣬ԶŻ˰ɣ
ΣǺˣ
Ǻˣİռеˣİ֮İռĹƿأСӣ㲻ôҲٵİʹɱ˵˵Ҫ
赲ҳȥ·͸ߺߣͶ࣬ȻսǱսɣ
˵
˼㻹ǵһİռ仹ҪҫļһҪ֪ϵЩ׹ǣһЩ֪ʦģǿң˫ȶڷҷǳȥֻҪİռˣûһܻųȥ
İ֮һս֮ޣ߷һ˿µôս֮ޣôûнǶԵôõôηң
ս֮Ϊλ
Щ档
ԶŻ˵ܲǴ˴ݻˣս֮Ǳؽİռ䣡
İ֮˵ôᣬ˶̫
սȭͷҲǴ˵ĳԱ
Ҳǣ
İ֮˵ҲԱһֱİռˣҼˣҲȻӦˣս֮Ը˳ұһֱİռ䵱Уûɱ
Ҫս֮޳ȥ
ȵ콫ڴ򿪣ĻҪҵ
Сӣû뵽Ͳ󣬿ȴǲС֪֪ƾոɱЩİʹߣҾͿ̣
İ֮˵ڸոҸıˣ
ҾСӲȻԶŻˣֻҪİռ䵱УԸ㲻
Ȼİռˣӵõطûа㽾ʱȻڿ鵱У
γѪҪ鵱棬Σ
Сӣ֪֪ոյЩҿɱ㣬İռˣҾΨһеһжҪңƿصζﶮã
ָ˭Щôս֮޶ԸһҸĵطֻ㣬ѡˣ
Ц
˭˵ûйҾúÿռ䣬İ֮ΰĿռ䣡
ͷųƬ̣ռ䷢𵴣Щﶼںţһâǰ
ռ䡣
ʱŷ۾ѾܹˣռһУ۵ס
ռ䵽ɽûгУһƬ޵ӣİ֮ǹâǿ΢΢ҡͷı飬ǷŭôҵĿռ䣬ܲô
ĵطҪô
˵ѹռһƬڰΪûܿطĳªô
ǰһЩɽûУҾĲõģû뵽컹˸ҵİռ䣡
İ֮ޱȷŭԼİĶòϿɻҪԷһ㡣
ǰɣĵط㻹Ĳãǰİռ䵽İգ
˵
ս֮޴ʱҲ͵һǰޡ
㣬֪ԭһƬΪһڰ
İ֮һ˿䡣
ѾԾİ֮˵Ҳһʦңʵ̫ˣûдڵıҪ
İ֮һ鷺Ƶİ׹ʰ𣺡ûмǴĻӦþĹͷĥʮŽɱģЩʦУʹһ


1925 
ûܷİռ䣬ԼСӣҾٸκλᣬ㽫ԶһѰ׹ռ䵱ң
İ֮ȫǿĵгһ㲻һ˿⣬ѪУһǵ˹ȥ
飡
İ֮еҲͷųȥĵȫİ֮ЦСӣΪӵѪ񵶾ܶԸôǿЦʵ̫ˣ
ϴһʵ̫ˣҶûʵôǿ
ˣҲھͽ꣬Ҹˣ
㰵
һ̣ս֮޵Ʒȥ˵ߣ
ս֮˻һ̴ߡ
İռ䶼ҵĵ̣ǻܵȥأ
İ֮Ÿո˵ꡣ
ս֮˫ͷųɫߣЩɿİɫİ֮ϣǵһ㣬İ֮òر
ս֮ޣЩǡҵĿģû뵽ȻҶ֣
վԭأİ֮Ҳǿս֮ԶԶ뿪
ȫش˵ѹİ֮ûжԸ㣬ڵպÿǼɵºƴƣҲǸˣ
ս֮ǻȻһ˶ɽһԴ˵㣬ЩЦãʵѾˣǽСܻҵĵƣҲھСʧҪԼ
Ҫ뿪İռ䣬Ȼֻлİ֮Ψһ·
ϥս֮ޣöãҾܴ뿪طˣ

ս֮ͷŰɫߣ

棬
ȳϣСӻĺܣȻѾʧʮ죬ʲôΣյģʱͻˣҲҪ̫ļ
ʧĵʮһʼûп㣬ȻΪС³ȥ֮ԽԽԾϾҪμʦˣҳ嵱ֻԸʱ䶼ʧ
Ҫ֪ȻһֱŽиͣƺܲԼûаصĻСӣҪ뿪ôãضԼк
ȷȷʵʵʧʮʱ䣬бضԭ
ʦ˵ĵɣֶڤʧ죬㶼Ƶ췭ظˣοʮ죬ҿɲţɵ뿪壡
˵
ȳ˵ʲôҲǺ˵ˣǵ뷨ܺãȥҲһ
˵
㵹Ǻ˽һǳȥҲ֪
ʵϾҪ̽̽Ŀڷ磬Ҫ֪壬ҪԸ㣬Ȼֶֻʵɱ̫ɡ
˭ʱ򣬰ȳϣôʣǻҰĺõӲ˰ɣ˵ʵ֮ǰҺȷᣬǶΪʦˣڴˣҾһͦСӵģ츳ǿлĻҶԽ̵
Ц
ȴڰȰȣΪǵ˼ҿôɱ㣬֪ΣҶûɱ֤ݣ
ĺܣİռ䣬һ漣֣ĻԲܳ浱С
ﵱеķ̣˵Լûн̺뿪ôֻǿϧԼҵκԸ֤ݣĻһ峤
ˣȣ飬Ǳ޵ʦԭΪǳʦδϣϣû뵽ȻʧôáֻƽģԺǳ嵱У
볤˵
ҲвΣղŻʧôãĻҪ뿪ضǰ֪ͨһ
ˣ볤ϻҪźõķ룬Ը㡣
վԵڤЦ㶼İռˣ볤ϻδϣЦδϣֻңڤ
λϣ飬ҲҪ˵ˣҪ׼ʮ֮ʦǳΪҪ飡
ʦʱ˵
ҡͷʧһʦΪҪô볤Ҳ˵ˣδϣ
ȳϣҲ˵㲻Ҫ£ǲμʦλʦûѡ
ðȣСҪǰȳһֱæѰ䣬λʦѡˣ
μʦλȻҪгһͨУһֱѰΪɣûк顣
ʦʮ죬ҾǳضҪѡܹʦ϶ȡʵǱʦʮʱ䣬ԸıһУѡʦȻ̫ƽ
˵
ȳϵ˼ҪѺѡ
˲ͷĺˮϴҰȳ̸£㱻һ٣˵ڵ飬ʱѡʦ
ˣ
˵һһϦʱͳɵģʱڷɿ췽ҹ̷ʮʱҲı䲻ʲôԣڵĻضѡλʦμӴʮ֮ѡΪʱ
ҳϾһǰȳϣһʦ֣ǸύĽҲ˵볤ϣҲ֪Ǳߵ˴ߵʵ̫ʦϽǡ
ţѡɣ
볤˵
һ˵ҲûзϾ볤еλǷҲǰˣҰѾʦ֮ôãȻûа취ȥˣСӣž͵˼䣬Ѿ̫ʱ䣬Ͻ

в֪˶ãѹս֮޵վ˫У·һŷ
İռ䣬ڶݵĹ֮ٴڰ㵭˵İ֮ǲİռɹ磬ʵͻͽǼĻѾִǿ߼Իİ֮
ϴ󣬻İ֮뿪ô
Сʵ
һİ֮һİռ䵱УҺս֮Ǿ޷뿪ģ
˵
ս֮˻ǸӦʲô
Щİʹߣ
ʶܿܳھʶܹĸԶ
Զһֻֻﳯ񱼶ǵõʲôָһ㡣
ǵһӰȻ֣оĳ˾İ֮
ѾͲסҪɱԼˣֻѡֵʱ̫ˣԼѾӱչصгڽİ֮ڣ
𣡡
ս֮Ȼ˻ڵѾ֮ǰǰЩİ֮
ߣȻս֮º͵Ը񶼸ıˣСӣҲӦôã
һĮ


1926 ƿʯ
İ֮мź֮⣬ǰûнɱһеİܱʣȻʱžԵĿԻɱ㣬ս֮ȴǽߣս֮ޣһЩɵģϾս֮ͷŵİɫİ֮Ŀģİ֮ûܸӦս֮޵ӵкεȵҪðգ֮İ֮뵽ԶŻˣ֮ͬǰİ֮ĵùʦ㹻츳ܹڶʱģŻɽ
ֻϧİ֮Щˣڵɿ죬ѾӵжԸǿߵʵ
žǲҪѪ񵶹ŻһܻܶԷ
ôİֻ֮ϧҪԶˣͬģ
ȵ
ߣСӣ֪֪ҵ
İ֮ͷųһɹǿɷӴƺҪռΪѾѹ㣬ȴû뵽㸡ڿռ䵱УϵȻˮ޾ġ
ѵ⼸ʱ˲ֹһΣôܣԶŻˣٶҲôİɣ
֪Ϊʲôİ֮оȻһ˿ǣѾо˲õԤס
ܵģôܺһëͷСӣ
İ֮һĨɫΪԼƬ̵Ļе衣
˫Ƶͷųһǿɷһպӣ⼸ĳɹ
һڤĻĵбŷɫĻЯ׵İ֮˫ͫпѤĻ涼Щ΢΢סˡ
䣡
ڤĻİ֮ͷŵɷȫƣһҪİ֮ˡ
Ŷ̶죬Сӣôܣ㲻ҵĶ֣
İ֮

ս֮ҲǾ޺һǽİռѹ̫õĸͷųˣȻս֮޶뿪ϣ
֮ǰҲǱ۶֣ڣߺߣ
Ӱλһ㣬ת˲Ѿİ֮ǰȻӳȭһǧȭİ֮ʩչȫֵȴҲɳȥ
һ̣ûиİ֮κѵĻᣬһȭǻڶԷؿڴ
ۣ
Ȼ˫İռ䵱ʧܹİ֮ʹѪ
ۣ߱뿪ھֻ
ȵ
İ֮ɫ԰ףոȭǿĳѾôҲ벻Ŷ̶죬ʵѾ˲ֹһΡ
ʵȷİܹ֮Ӧġ
֪İռĳΨһĻᣬ˵Сӣǧ㣬Ҳû뵽ȻܹңɱңԶİռ䵱У
ߣΪвۣ۾ͻ㣿
һƻİֻ֮ؿʹ쳣ó嶯
ʹൽϢĸоİ֮Ͷ˵˵㣬һ
Цİ֮ҪԼӲģֱ̫
Ĭ
İռ䣬ʵ뿪ֻһ취ǿİ֮ţ
İ֮˵
ʲô˼
ü㲻ռô
ΣﱻԶʦӡסˣҡ
˵ˣܣֲô˶İռĿʵϣİռ㣬ֻҲǱռ䵱еĿˣ
һѪ˵
ƱȫѹƣԼش˵⻰İ֮һᴦǰˣȻҿ԰˵ĵȷеʵİ֮ͲİռˣȻУܳȥ˵ǿܣʺϲ
ûа취Ǻӵж˸Զ
İ֮
˵
ս֮˻ƺİ֮ŵλá
ߣĴڣȷûа壡
һƻİ֮ڿռ䵱У֮ռ䶼ùһƬЩ￴ս֮޴㳯һȥҲǲӡ
ս֮޴ĵط֮ǰǸڣڣȴһЩ˵ı仯
һʯǺճһ㣬ǰ
ʯžİ֮ţİ֮ɱʯŲŻԳ
㰵
İ֮˵Ҫİ֮źƣ뿪
Ŀֱʯţ˫ȭбһϹ⣬һȭȻʯš
ȻʯֻһȴȻǰ
û飡
оȡ
û뵽ǰʯžȻ˸ӲԼĿǰȻ޷ơ
ϴ󣬲ʩչҵҲճȥ
ǽѪ񵶹ŻȻпܽʯŻ飬ȴҡͷİ֮ѾҵҪȥֻʱ⣬ս֮޸°빦Ҫ
Ѫ񵶵ĹŻĵƣʩչ
һܿȥ
ϱᳯʯźһȭ
ȭԽңʯϡԿȭͷӡǡ
ѾоʯŲ޷ˣ
㵭˵
ս֮һУóʵҲʮֿġ
Ҫ̫ãҾܽʯŻ飡
ġ
ʱɿ죬ÿһ϶ɹʣʯűԵİӡ
֮ʯţ˫ۼ㣺ѾԽʯŻһѷ죬һȭʯžҪ飡
ս֮˻
Űɣս֮ޣҽʯųȥܽСʱܺҳ浱УϣҲã

䣡
㳯ʯŻһȭҵķ׭ʯڱը
ʯűȭըɷ飬һ̣һȦǰ
Ǻ͵ڹ֮صпһģһĹȦ
ǻȥ·
ߣս֮ޣ
˷ܺȵ


ʦоԺС
ѾҪΪսʦϱоȻʱ̲ס˵ȳϣ᲻ŪˣƼμʦ
һԵ˵⻰ҲЦ㣿ǸʧʮʦұΪֻȥطѣû뵽һȥҪǳˣ
ڤҲЦ㣿ʲôһոսʦСӣҪȥμеʦҪǳ嶪ô
ƼģôˣʦֶҪôֻǿϧÿλ϶ƼһʦȥμʦƼ˭ҵɣ
ȷλ϶ƼһȥμʦȥμӵģҪʦϿɣ
Ȼȳ֣Ϊʸ񣡡
˵ʸ񣬶ǳ壬ǸˣҺܺ棬ȳôƼһȥμʦģѵľǳҪô
ûӣҲ޷ˣƼμʦ
ʲôոճΪʦĹھʧôá
Ц
ʱһȴǴ⴫ѵҾͲȥ򿴿羰̸̸ô


1927 չ
оԺеʦȫ
ֻҪʦϿģȻ˭
ԺУʦһ˿̾Ҫ֪Ϣʧڳ嵱ʮ֮ãѾ̫Ĺעʱĳ֣ҲǸо̫ˡ
Щ㣬ǻˣ
ţлƼҲμʦҲʧģ
˵
û㺰ţֻʧȥŶϧҲ֪Լ̵űĪĸ
ôܣ
վǰ㡣
ڤһĿǵ常Ǹ߹İռɣǰǺˡ
ʦôڲѵһˣ㲻Ӧøеô
˵
㿴Լ˵㡭ôʧôã֪ǻΪеĵģ
˵ҵİΣȻţʦǻЩţңҾǲӷǲˣʦΪô
˵
ɫһ䣬˵׷ɱ㣬ʹİռ䣬Ҫعȥ˵ûаô
ǺǣῪЦҵʱҲ˵˵ˣʧʮ죬һк˵Ȼɣ
һЦ
ţôأʦô
ƲˣҪ֪׷ɱİռ䵱УôܷŹֻоԺȵϷ䣬Ժ㶨Ȼᱨյ׷ɱ
ڤҪʾҲ˵常ʧôãӷʲôб¸ǽһ
ڤҪҽµʱ˻߳ŭģ
Ц
ƤƶҲоոһ˲֮侹ȻѹȵָƽС˵Լ׷ɱΣͬҲ˵СӲǳ˵ʵ
ھᣬʱȴ˵Ҹող˵ôҾȥ߿羰Ȼ˳㻹̸һôⶼô
㣡
ڤðС常׷ɱİռ䣬Ȼ˵ô̸Ц顣
ˣ˾ͺãˣȥҲãֻ´γȥʱһҪ˵һ䣬Ļȷǻǵĵģ
볤˵
Ȼһֱʧ̬٣һֱڵ䣬ɳȵʦѰңֻЩ飬κ֪
ȻѾôλʦչ涨лμ浱еʦ
˵
Ȼȥμʦֻˣ
ôɸѡѵҪоɣ
½ʦʵ
ҪֻҪʵչֳʱжۣ
˵
ʵչֳ
ţҪչʾȻǵĹƳ棬ƳԽ࣬ԽǿԽлμӴ
Ҫ֪еʦϣʦٶֵܵתʦԣûȼǿǰ
Ŀ⿴㣬ȷֻһ½ʦȻ֪ΪʲôȳϻѡƼǽΪתʦʵ
ҲЦ㣬ҿ㻹ǲҪôҿЦˣȳ϶츳Ҳ㹻ǿֻ껹ȥʱ򣬻ٹ꣬ϣ
û󣬾͵ʱûո˵Ļһ
̬ȣҲߵĲУҲҪôȡģ
һλʦǰ˵ʦҪͷŹƳˣ

λʦüĳһĨֻСɳ˳ޱȣһЩ½ʦĽ˵תʦ֪Ҫòܴﵽأ
˵תʦǼĽĴڣοͻȻһλչֳƳתʦ
תʦֻϵȹƳ棬ֻеȹƳ棡
˵һλ
ʦתʦֲ١
ʣʦ
ʦʦҺ˶Ī
һӰվ˳
֮ǰһֱڱûзһǰ漸˼ȴǾõȵЩͷˣȻҲǾǰ漸˵ʵʵ̫ѷɫˣʵȥμʦֱǸʦ
˶ȥǳתʦ츳ʦһΣϣܴǾϲ
˵
˶һ궼ŻعĿľΪʦǰһֱú˶ҲҪ֪˶ִһļ
˶üĵͷһĨһֻֻСɳ˳һֻâҫۣѤĿ
壬תʦ찡ȻתʦҼǵðȳϺתʦȻнӽϵʵ⺫˶ǳһĵһǿߣ
˵
˶Ҳ˶תʦֻƷƳ棬ֻƷƳ棡
˶û뵽һȻôʵ
˵
˶ͷ뵽ҪȴʦļȥҲЩͷǰʵ̫࣬ҷ
֮һλʦЩӣ˵ңֻתʦʵǲҪμӴʸ˰ɣ
ʸôţתʦȷﲻҪμӴҪ󣬲ȻгƼμӴ˵㻹ŲǱģҪ٣
лʦ
λʦܵ裬еԱҲʧ˲١
Ŀϣ㣬Ҫչô
ǼһȻ츳ųΪʦûãתʦͷԼѵңǲҪˣ
˰
ڤҲ˵常ϷҪˣ
ȻҪչ֣ĻǹƼҵĳһģ
˵
ȿһۣҲ˵۽ΣҶѡμӴ
ͷüĵԳһĨɫâ
Ϲֻ֮Сɳͷǰ裬ѤɫâƺܹоԺ
תʦ
㣬Ȼתʦ
ʦͷֻƳ棬ǲ̫ĺ䶯㲻ͬΪʦҲһµʱ䣬Ҫ֪츳ʦҲҪһΪתʦ㡭
һĻ˶۾ȫŵĿͷǰֻСɳ档
ôܣ常תʦǲڿЦ
ڤ˼۾ָͲ۾飬ȷȷʵʵתʦһֱҪڤֱҪ׹ԨΪոѧһµϲû뵽Ѿתʦˣֲ࣬Ȼһ죬һء
Ҳ֪ǲڿЦȷǣѾ׿͸ˣ
оȻһĨȻƻȥ
㣬תʦһֻɳںϹƳ棬ֻƷƷƳ棡
Ǳ˳


1928 ƣ
ողͷųֻƳתʦ˶жһû죬ΪԼһʦеٮٮߣҲȻʦֻתʦתʦ᲻ΪȻȴ˵㻹Ǹո½ʦ
һûõʦѾӵֻƳ棬츳֪
ú˶еֲֻƳ棬һֻǳɳ͵ںϹƳ棬ǿȾƷƳĴڣֻǼƷƳ棬ԺȻǣټȥɾ޷
оԺڽֻƳƷ˶ݵķڣܿ죬˵תʦ츳еĻҪǿϲ٣겻Ļᣬ㣬ڳλʦתʦ֮ϣȻ㲻ƵУ
Ȼһʼ㻹Ÿе־ȣ֪ҪμʦֻҪƻ뷨
ֻתʦĻҶûϣ˰
ʦҵ
Ҳǵͷ㣬츳ȷˣʦҲ˵û浱еʦǳضʧٹ꣬ɳеʦΪڣ
ȻΪ֮ǰеֲȻҲͬ˵Ҫڸǿ˲μӴ
ȻתʦֻƳ涼ǼƷƷϣʵʦУ˭ôǿ츳οʦʱ䣬˭ܱ֤㲻ͻƣϾûһ£
˵
һµתʦ
˶ͷһ˿ˮԭЩЩһʦû뵽ȴоĪѹλתʦøöãͻᳬԽ
һ²ʱھѾΪתʦʱ䣬˭ܿ϶㲻ͻơ
һʱ֮䣬оԺ˳ŵС
Ҳðȳ˵Ļеؼ֮ǰûгʦĻҪôá
Уύ֮Ѿ죬һϣԶʦ˵ǳ岻ʶ̧٣
˵
⡭
ƺ£볤ϣȻֻ볤ϲסȺ
볤˫񣬵һֱĬûг
ʦһֱ˵Ҳܲμʦ޷Ϊֻתʦﲻתʦı׼
Ц⣬˿̫Ц⣺ûϵȻѾμʦעʧתʦôھܽף
ھܽף
С˵Цô˹֮أ棬ֻһЩصطջƳ棬ҪףѵҪջһֻӬɣ
жǻɡ
볤һ˿ɻﰵСӣе˼֪ôתʦ
Բѣ常ҶСһֱڹŪ飬ȻҳСӺǿҪоԺɽףǷ˰ɣ
ڤ˵
ȴǣܴİռ䵱лųѾһ漣ˣ˵ʲôĻЩŰɵġ
ηĸоᣬʲôʱȻᱻһСǣűˡ
ûΧЩεĿ⣬ɫ«˳ûй飬ֱӽӴ򿪡
˻ɫ«еʲôʱһֻֻɫСɳȴǴз˳
ǹƳ棡
찡ǼƷƳ棬ôģ
«оȻǼƷƳ棬ûһ˲
ѹ˵ԼоԺɽףԭӵװŹƳĺ«
ЩƳ滹ǼƷƳ档
жޱȵĽ
ֶиľǼʺˡ
ЩƳ棬ǹ֮صеģ˽˲Ʋ
볤˵ӵЩƷƳ滹ܱ֤ܳΪתʦȿνеĹƳսɣ
ȣҪ֪ΪĵʦüֱǲƸ쾹Ȼ̵һʦ̵֮٣ⲻȿϲ
ЩƳİռ䵱дûкúúǽڵѾִһ߶ȣҪջһֻƳ棬ѶȲ󣡡
㰵
˫գһȦȦɫâΧƣʱоԺУ˵עȥ
ЩɫСɳǶҪսһ㣬ЩƳ涼ǼƷƳ棬һֻǾ𺳵һ顣
һֻСɳƺͶԵܿģֻСɳʧ˵ҰУѾüĵУȻѾΪĹƳ棡
ģתʦţһûһµʦȻӵֻƳ棬츳˵ȥô
Ƕ飬ǻǾЩ̫ãϾѾ߸Ƕٶȵĸ
ܺãתʦȷʸμеʦģ
˵
ѾεѾˣͺ˶ʦȻҲתʦȻҪ츳Ǳɸ
ȻתʦģǲǳԴҩˣȻô̬
ڤɴ۾Ҳţǰʵ޷ϡ
㻹ûվڸȻЩƳ棡
ѵѵҪջƳ찡
Ƕܿûվ˼ʹѾΪתʦʹѾ˵˲μʦĻᡭ
һֻƳʧ˵ߵС
תʦ찡
ⲻģ̫ѧˣƭҵģһջֻƳ棬ȷⲻô
û˸ҽǰʵ볤϶˵⡭ܰ쵽ô
۾ɫ«Ѿ¹ϣЩСɳѾɽ«С
üĵУȻֻСɳš
㽫üеĹƳȫǴŵЦݣջֻƳ棬ʵҲЩ⡣
ʵϣİռ䵱бø̫ĵҲܹһջֻƳ档
ʦ֪תʦܲǰ浱еʦ
˵
ƤƶЩߵҪŤˣʵ֪㲢ǳ˵ģĵƣ򲻵ѣ뽫鱬ϳοֻҪ˵飬ض˵Ͼɱ֮¡
㡭ֲǳˣܳΪתʦʲô
ڤŭ
ɲô࣬ûпأֻ֪Ϊ˶𾪵ĻܲˬǱӦԼõҫ
˵ʲôڤ
ȵȡ֡
һ˿ǣڤֶ֪Щʲô
һڤȻ鵽̶ȣԼ뽫鵱ǵҲˣ˵ֶڤ˵ûԭҶ뽫عΪϾǸʦҲ㵽ǳʲôģܹ϶ǣͲǳˣ


1929 Ŀ
ԭڤ˵㲢ǳˣ˻ڤм㣬Ϊתʦ
ȻҲ϶һ飬Ȼò˶ЩҪ֪еλأû֤ݣǾԲ˵ġ
û֤ݣ㲻Ҫ˵
ȳϺȵ
ȣû֤ݣ㲻ӦñҸôôй
˵
볤˵֤ݵĻ֤óǣ
ţ볤ϣµҲȥˣѾˣиûǰλǣͲǳˣ
˵
ڳ˶е𾪡
Ҳɫһ䣬û뵽Ȼôִŵȥݣ㲻ǳ˵Ҫعȥˡ
û뵽ǣûаţ֪ᱬϳһ鵭ðȶΪһ亹Сӣѵʲô취ɣ
ʦȻһôҲʮˣλǶ֪ЩҾȥô
˵ʵϣҲû뿪򣬶Ǳһ·׷ɱβŽ֮صеİռ䣬Ҹ󣬿һӶվˣ
ʲô׷ɱ
İռ䣬һû
⡭̫ˣ˭׷ɱģ

ֶɫ۱䣬һߵӣȵˣҪ氲ȳŻ
һɶ𣬺ܶ˶ûзӦѾ֣Ŀ⿴㣬Ҫ¶֡
ߣȲҪɱô
ҲһƻӴȭ˳ȥ
û뵽ܹסȭҪո¶ֽɱģȻѾʧȥѻᡣ
˶Ӧ˵ʲô˼ɱôҲʲôݣȻҪʹȱֶΣ
ʦǰûɱңû뵽Ȼô˵ǰ¶֣
˵
ո˵Ǹˣѵ󣿡
찡⵽ôһ£㲻ǳˣҲӦ˽ȥ׷ɱ㰡

볤ɫһո˵Ƿʵ㵱׷ɱ
ңǳˣҵͼԣҲҵΪǴģ
ûа취ȻѾϳûа취
ƣˣҲӦòȡаĴʩ˽׷ɱ㣬Ǿ޷̵飡
볤ҡͷ̾˵
˻ῴ볤ϻôĸ̾Ȼ볤϶֪ճ
еλĸߣȻ伬֣볤϶üͷ
ڤ˵볤ϣ常ûˣı죬ֻǿϧСãܴİռ䵱г
ڶϴô
볤Ϻȵ
ڤŵȫ
ȴ˵볤ϣҳҪնİ취Ƿȱ׵㲢ǳˣɱǳҲûаʧ
Ƿȱ׵ôУôǳʲôطˣɱˣǳô
볤Ϻȵˣҽץ
ȼλʦǲΥ볤ϵָǶ
ߣ볤ϣû뵽ҪΪԸңֻֻƾǾҪץסңǷЩ̫Сˣ
ȻŽ˳֣һƱǽǻɳȥ
ѵѾɥĲôǶҪԸ
˰
볤ϣʩչǺڰ
ʹ˵
ڰ
볤ȡ
ҲЦڤҲݲֶˣһ죬ѳﱸˣǻڰʦߺߣסһŵ棬һ죬ǻԸǵģ
ڤҲЩ𺳣û뵽Լ常Ȼʩչڰʵ϶ڸոշһУģҪ뵽㲻ǳ˵ĻȻ볤ϲŴ
Ҫôұᣬӽ㲻ҳˣ
볤˵
ӽ󣬾һȥҲԲȥģ
ڤת˲仯Ϊһʧǰ
Ǻڰڶۣ֮û뵽ڤͶڰʦˣ
ҡҡͷ
㿴ܵķҲаȥڰʦ磬Ҳǻᱨһ֮ġ
볤Ͽһ㣬˵ȣ㣬Ǹȥһط˶Իȥ
ǣ
Ҳǵͷ
ҲǸ߰߹ȥ
һ·ϣȵʲôûʣϾ֪㱾Ǹ漣ĴʣܴİռضǾһĥѣֻҪųͺãα̫ࡣ
볤Ͻ˴һɽͷϣɽͷһľݣ鲼ľݣʹľݿȥĪ⡣
ȳ϶֪ľݵеʲô˫۵ɻ
峤
볤˵
峤棿
ȶǾȵ
ľݵдһϵţ룬⼸ҿų壬ȷˣȻ׷ž
峤ѾͶڰʦ磬ҲѾϳ˵ݣ
볤˵
ȻĬһӰľݵг֣վǰ
һ׷ԲԵˣȻݣǳϺ峤ȥȴǸɾĺܣλ峤µĿһۣ˫۵𺳣˵ȣҶѾЩûмˣ⵼ʦĲǳ嵱Уǳһţ
Щ峤˵ʵҸûн̵ʲôһж򣡡
Ȼչأһֱֻһ֪֮ǰҲǸ⺢ӵһЩ飬û뵽ǣھȻѾɾתʦ޷쵽飡
峤˵룬ûв´Ļѱ仹Ǻйذɣ
ţֶڤΪ߰˵ˣҲﻢ£
볤˵֮ǰ׷ɱİռ䣬ƾһˣʵҲǴ벻
İռ䶼ܳ
峤Ӳ˼ˣҪ֪ǲ֪Ҷˣ
峤Էˣ󶼲İռˣΪİ֮Ѿһˣ
˵
ȴʱҲ˵볤Ҳ֪㲻ǳˣ峤Ҳ֪
պ˵ʱҾѾ֪ˣǳ嵱ȻҲһЩ츳ǱʦǾ쵽̶ֳȣ
峤˵
ô峤˼㡭
û˵ȥ
峤Ȼ˼˵ȣǳ嵱кʱųˣǳֻҪǱʦ壬ֻЩ˴ǳˣ
볤Ҳǿһۣ㣬ܹμʦһ㣬Ǳ֪ǳҪʲô


1930 
Ŀģ볤Ϻ峤Ҫ֪ĿģȻڳǾ޶⣬Ȼ֪Ŀġ
Ҳû˵㡣
㻹ҡҡͷҪܸӣǾԺͳûϵ볤ϣ峤ֻܸǣҪԸԶ壬֪浱žԵĵλǵҲμʦǣǳĻһԼ취ģ
ǶԼٲԼĿ˵Ļǲ̫ȷпܻǣ塣
ԸԶô
峤˫һ˵ǻ㣬Լ취
ţ
Щ졣
ӣλӵǿ츳ûв´ĻӦԶŻˣ
ҵȷԶŻˣ
ͷΪԶŻ˺ĶԹҪҵһλǿʦ
ҵʦ
λʦʩӡڣҷҪҳ֮ǣ
˵
μʦΪ˶Ըλʦ
峤˵ǰ˵ܲôԶľʩչĻλʦӵԿܵ
볤Ҳ˵ϵʦֻһĽֻҪʮϵʦǲܲμӵģҲ˵ܹμʦĶǸ츳ʦ
ʮ£ܹԶʩչӡģܣ
ԣǲμҲǱȻλʦģ
̨Ҳ첻̨棬ȫʢᣬֻҪ֣Ҿлҵ
˵ҲΨһĻˣ
ôᣬֵðôô
ûʲôİռһˣ
˵
㣬֪ˡĴڣ
֪Զ巢һԶŻ
˵
ˡŲԱǣҸ㣬ǳȴ֮һ
峤˵ԶͿǳˣǾǳǺӵеİܱʣҲģҪı˶ǳ˵Ŀ
㣬ȻҪԸǿԶ壬ģǳǾԲκ侮ʯ飬֮ʦһԵΪͣ
л峤
ЩжϾԼҪԸԶ壬ǳп۳˵ģλ峤ȻѡͦԼҪ֪Լ֮ǰһ涼ûкͶԷҲ֪֮ضҪú÷ӣʵڶԲǰˡ
峤֮ҲǻصҵУʵڲ֪ӦЩʲô֮󣬾еʦҲλԼԶī˹ӦԼԼ̽λʦ䣬֪Ϣ

ĵش
Ҳ֮ʦص㣬浱ʦһʢᡣ
ʦĹھڱصãߺߣ
һλվڿ̨֮ǰ˫Ź⣬ǸʦĸˣȻʦ̨֮κεʧ
ī˹ҵ֣һֱŲɣҸոǲе̫ԴˣϾ̨ϱԵ˲ң
ٳ٣ոŵı֣Ҿھǳʦ֮ǲ⣡
ī˹˵
Ȼ̫ϲǰ٣ǱϾڵĶͷ˾޿κΡ
˵úã˵úãոҵһѾϱˣҰӡɷݣԱضÿһʦ͸ȻţǾа
ٽһ׵ī˹С
ī˹ͷתߣ˵ī˹ңΪҵĲ£һӵҫ
ǣ٣ҵҫ
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õī˹Ҳӵпһ飬ϱоȻһ㣬ī˹۾Щţôܣô棬ѵĳΪ˳ʦ
ȥμʦļһﶼǵ֮Ǹսʦǲμʦʲôô
Ȼûоǲī˹ʵڲ㵽ʱ̨ʲôΪ
㰡㣬ȻӦҵʦʵûʲôͷϿ㣬治֪ô㣡
ī˹Ǹ鹤ϵˣҪһϸı棬ҲΪʹʦʦϱضڡ
֮ī˹ҵٳ٣ȻԴı飬ī˹˫һİЧʣ鲿Źû˾ʧī˹ϣܹҴϢ
٣βμʦʦһʮ֮࣬壬һʮ壬ЩʦȫѾ룬ܹλʦΣյûУ
ī˹˵

ٽī˹óϿһ飺ϸī˹Ȼûʧ
ʵϣҲ̫ϸˣ壬ûҪȥ̽ģǵеʦҲ嶼ϵһ飡
٣ȻݣǵеʦȴǲλʦУһλк˶ʦһλ츳ǿʦתʦʵ
תʦô
ٳЩȣԼС˳壬Լʦʦ˽ⲻ̫࣬תʦϾѾǿʵˣԵ˶תʦҲЩǡ
ǳһλʦأţתʦ
ٳɫԻָľ㣬ī˹תʦһвҲûУ츳Ҳǿ
ī˹αϣȻԼǸ鱨һģû˻ỳרҵԡ
ԭΪμʦȫûа㾺û뵽¸ҵϢǣתʦһûһ£ҪǴ˳ȥٵԸضὫɱڣҽλɱҲȷİȫ
ī˹а㣬ֻܰôˣ֮ʦټ
ī˹ϺϸôλʦӦûõʦĹھǾˣڵҲҪȥᵽ˭
˵
ٳ٣ûгĻȷģҲ鱨һֱģҲʱųٵ鱨жϴ󣡡
ţһȻ֪ϣҲİ˲٣ȻʦʦȴҸ岻ܶùھԴҪӲϵԣֻҪκһλʦвǶҪȴ֮죡
˵
ī˹ͷٳ٣ͷİɣʦ޵У֮ضʦϴʣ
ҲǷЦī˹аԴӲϵãԴĴ


1931 Ы
ڰ֮
浱еļشԴȪǺڰʦ԰
ڰʦǺڰΪ죬Ѫʱ޿̲Žеʦȫɱ
ڰʦҲΪʦܣٰʦڰʦܲμӡ
Ƭ̺źڰ֮ĺ֮ϣһλλڰʦںڰϢӶͷȥǲϳ
ڰķʽܼ򵥣ںڰ֮ȡڰ֮⣬ںڰ֮ɱ㣬̺ڰѪܹĸڰʦҲΪڰİ취
㣬ҲкڰʦĽ㡣
常ڰ֮ʱˣѾ˺ڰʦ磬ɱһֻΪҩڵʵ֮ǰǿ̫࣡ҸͲڴӴԺҲǳˣ
ڰ֮һͷһλǴһ˿Ц⣬Ķͷһɫӣһ磬ȥɭ
λһˣҪȲ٣ڤڻֻǸոڰʦˣڵʵԶԶûдﵽҵҪ󣬲ҲļϾһһϦ飡
常ڰ֮ܶҶûüʣʲôʱڰʦأ
ڤʵ
ڳ嵱оٴ꣬ʲôôأ
˵ЩΪºͣأȶܹһϣȻƨǣЩ˱϶ҹĺܣ˭֪ڱǶôҵģ
ڰʦ粻ͬкڰʦŷѪʣѪܹǿǿʳһжȭͷ˵Լģ
ѹǿȥ常㣬Ѿһʱˣ
ںڰʦ統ʶλǿʦȻ֮ǰѾʼڰÿλصҶǽڰ׷ӡסû֪飡
˵ȻҲҵΨһ·
常ԭҶЩڲӦý˵ڣһˣҾԺлĻһὫ峹ģԱ֮ǰǳ֮𣡡
ڤ˵
ôȲӦʦٿӣʮʦھ֮λ
˵ûв´ĻضҲУ
峤ǻǾȥμʦҪ֪ˣǻ
ߣǳ˵ıԸһˣҲԸң壬ʲôҪдȥ
ŭһһһɫ˳ȥǰĺϼһˣǲ˵Уһ޴ӰںƽϷڡ
˹ʮλڰʦע
Ǻ㣬û뵽Ȼֳˣ
һֻĺڰѪܹʹúڰʦ궼ǺڰʦõĲҩ

ֶֻǰڤ˵常ΧвʦҪֻأ
Һˣֻ·һҲǺڰ֮淨򣡡
ĵͷźڰ˲նɱˡ
㻹뷨ĺڰʦ˲䱻ŵһɢϾͺȽ֮£ΪҪġ
ڤңȵ㽫ֻľѪȫɣʵʱʦҲеؼʱ򣡡
˵
ڤͷ常ҷһֻعҪ̨ϴȥ

ڰ֮籩ʱѾַǷ
μʦʮʦȫ룬ûһȱϯ
嵱лŲʦǰΧۣǶԭ嵱ΪصĴڣΪʦҲһһˡ
Щֹʦ㶼һһУȻ֪һλǺ˹֣Щ˵òȫ
˶վԣ˵㣬Ҳǵһβμʦû뵽֣ոǼλʦԶļˣңȻǶǳ壬ţ˻ǳ׸ı˼ģ
Ҳǵͷ˵Ĳ
ǲѡ֣㻹ǳ嵱Ψһʹʹκܼ򵥣վڳӵǰ˹ۿ˵˾ǻƿ
ҲǰȳϺԼŵԣվڳ˵ǰ峤վ
Ů˿㣬ɻܾⲻӦǳĴӣϾòʵһĸܡ
볤˵ȣ۹⻹ǲ㵱ʹƺǳ嶼˲Ů˵ĹעҪǻῴһۣ
Ҫ˳׸ıǳ˵ĿҪľǿǳһ棡
˵ңŮǿǿ֣ǲĿ۽ߣ
ǿҳϣǰ㣬Ů
볤϶Цһ
㶼ԿЦԼڴѧҲܺУᲢ۵˧磬û뵽ԽԽȥˣȻҪˮͰһŮվһ顣
൱֣췽˻û룬ҲǸ˵ʱ䡣
ǰһЫŮһһŤ˹͸һǵģǳˣ
ͷ
ȼ˹ڨҲ˵ˣ𿴳ƯСӿɱ𱻱˹˻ȥ
˰һۣԼʲôŮûмܻô
ǹŹ֣ǰûˣѶ˵˳ĺֱܴɵģ㳤ĺܺÿͲ˵ĳأ
ЫŮһ档
˵ϣԺλѣ˶Ǻܸɾ˧ģ
˼ҳȷʵ˧ҽ࣬ʦĲʦܸʶ㣡
ЫŮ֡
һʱ֮ܶĿⶼǿ㡣
Ҫ֪ЫŮƯһŮˣҲѱ˹עĶ󣬵Ƕû뵽ЫŮȻһˣ˳Ļǡ
ûΧЩҪɱĿ⣬ҽ㣬Ҳβʦ
Ҳǲʦ
ΪֻʹѣԼֱ𾪵ˡ
ͷžԼЩʧЩ˼Ҳܱɬɰ
˵ˣ֪ΪʹģǸ̨ϣȻܹҵģ
Щͷ˵Ȼȥˣ̨ϼ
ЫŮߺ󣬰ȳ˵㣬СӻһˣŸյ򣬾ܵõŮûпĻλ峤Ů޸ǳ㣡
ţҪҵλʦȥעʲô峤Ů
Դ˵
ﻹǾСֱȽϻۣһεĸܣʱҲǿ̨֮ϣҪǳ췽ĸˣЩ˵УҲǿһϤӰ


1932 ̸
㿴ī˹ʱ򣬺ҲǽĿ⿴˳ӣȻȻܿ㣬˽Ȼλϣǵзѣ˵ī˹һΪһ㣬ī˹ҲǴӦ浱оܵİ㡣
˶ˣٳ٣
ī˹˵
ٽ촩һľװһ˪Ϣ˵ˣλõˣԶ嵱е٣ʦܸˣĽʱ䵱Уһˣƿأܱ֤ǣʦľԹƽ
ûй⵹ЩǼ˵һʮʦǻὫǷڰ˸С鵱УһıСľСǰԽһֵı
һʮ˽̭ʮˣҲ浱ǿʮλʦǽųΣھԶṩ񽱱ҫ
ٿº򾲵ĳ£ôڣҵ»ᰴ⽫ǷֳĸС飬ǣϣ̨ϴŹʣ
̨ʱЩʧī˹ʵ٣Ϊܲģѵʲôô
ǣī˹ҽǲر׺Ϊγûаأ
ٳüʵ
ī˹ɫΣ˵٣ǶоѡʦǾʧ鰡
ҲǵͷˣȵʦΪھǶ׳ǵģ
ī˹֪ú˵ʲôɴ뿪ߣ˵ҪȥѲЩʦ
ڷ׶Σī˹Ҳ̨ⲻԶһ䵱УʦϢĵط
ûƬ̣˽ȥϴŵЦݣôϵ㣬û뵽̨ˣ
ոջڳӵУ֪ī˹һˣԷݣҲûиԷ鷳˼Ͼǰλٵ棬Ȼ˻ɡ
㣬СУŶ̶һ£ѾΪתʦӦǰ޹˺ߵˣҸʦûз֣
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ʵ
ī˹ҡҡͷʦһֱǷǳصģ˵ңٳ٣û֪Щʦϣʦ˲ٺʦǵбضһ˾ҵģ
֣
ҡҡͷҷҪʦĹھʦĹעлᣡ
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ī˹ˣȻתʦɳλʦʵǿԵֵǳתʦȻǳսͱضűʤģлô
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˵
ī˹ҲǵͷѾϸĳתʦˣ̭֮ǰ㲻ܵκιעҲֻܱ֤̭ˣܱ֮ľƣҲ
лԶԣ֪ʦܹвǵĹھǷҪɱڲɣ
㻹ͦ˽Զİ·񣬼򵥴ֱ
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ī˹ʵ֪㲻ǳˣ
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˵
Ȼ飬㣬齻ȥ㲻ҪΪ·ģ
仰Ҿͷˣ
ͷ
ҲǺܿ뿪䣬Ͼǲʧ̫ãȻ˻ɡ
صӵʱСѾֳˣ㴦ڵС飬˶ǴڵС顣
ȳ˵㣬ɲ֪ոȥʱСŮһֱ͵أҪ֪ڵڼ飬ˣոȥˣ

ҡҡͷһ۰ȸĵС鵱еҲ˵Ȼзˣûи
зôˣǵӴ㻹Сǣ
һԵĺ˶˵
͵ֻǾȤûСǵ˼
˵Ҳǣ浱Уżٸ壬з壬ЫҲ
ݵĳ壬㶼ܡ
ǴֵУ޷֪С鵱ʦʵȻС鵱ûλʦǱȽɵģϾ˵ʵӦܹЩʦеǰģ˶Ž̭ʵ
ˣλѾ֪ԼڵڼСɣ
վ̨ģȻһƬ壬ֻ˵ôȻˣݵϢ֮ǻСĽ𣡡
СĹغܼ򵥣̨Ͻһǿϣǿ˽̭
˵
٣Ҿ̫ƽЩȻǿ󣬵ʵսȱ̭ǡ
ƽ㾹Ȼٵǰ˵ƽСӣҪ֪ٵĴھʦƽĽУ
ҵ˵ڸУСǲУʮÿ˶ҪһεĻǲҪ꣬ȻҳϻмλʦһЩǿС飬ʵĻҲԲҪԹΪηȫֵģףǺˣ
ûãʦȫվ̨棬̨һ̨ȥĻһɫŰ壬ѩһƬ
һȭɫŰʾһ֣1023˵嵱зĲֻҪǽȭͷУܲԳڵжǿٷУȻҸոֻһȭѡ
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ǣ
һλʦǰȥһȭȻǵŰ壬㿴һ۵Űϵ֣3210Ҳֵ̫һʲôˮƽ
һλʦҲǻһȭ4510ȥȻǿ
һʦȥ⣬ǿʾֶǧϣ඼ǧ¡
ȳҲ˵ǧϵӦ൱ǳеתʦˮƽʵ̭Ӧòѣ
ڶСҲܿ꣬һ鵱УеĳԱǱ⡣
֮ǰ˸ʦУǲǧֵģԭһʦУӦܹˣΪԱĴڣǲκδ⡣
һλԵԶϹۣ
Ϲ̨磬˫ûпΧһۣţ̨ǱԹܶһȻӳһȭһٶȻǵŰ棬ʾ˶Ŀࡣ
7902
Ա˷ܵĶ˳ϾԶˣȻΪŶеġ
㰵ѹī˹Լλʦ൱ڳתʦʵλѹԱֻ»ǿ


1933 Ŀǹھ
ˣǧֵṷ̂ʵ̫ùˣ
ڶСƽʵǿһ飬ԱУѾλǧֵʦλԶϹۣȻҪ̭ԸֱӴˡ
һλԶʦҲǵ̨ȥϹۻҪţīɫȥڲֱͬһȭŰ壬顯һɫĵŰһ֡
8231
ȻҪϹۻҪǿһЩ㶼ЩȣͲԼʵҪһȭŰ浽׻ʾֵ
ϹֵȻԶʦһȭֵʦĹھǺˣ
ٿī˹˵Цݣī˹Ҳǵͷ˵ҾøûҪȥѼʦϣǵǲǣôܱʦҪǿ
Сʻ괬ī˹㲻λãܶ黹أ
ҡҡͷƺҪī˹һΡ
ī˹ҲǵͷЦ٣֪ҲѴԶ屾Ǻӵǿ壬ʦǷòھĻ峤߲һ
ϳţī˹ҶʦžԵģǲʧģ
ī˹Ҳǰ֪Ǽһ᲻ʦһˣڴء
С鼸λʦѾ̨Ǿһʦľޣһ飬ȴҪƽӹ̫ࡣ
ѾʦǵֵȻûһͻǧ
Ȼ˶пСʵҪ̫
һλǳԱ˶˵㣬С鵱УȲʤȯˣҲãȷһλʮǿʦ

ͷ
󲽵̨Ǽȭս׻ӳһȭ
飡
Űʾһ֡
5999
˽ֱҲһ˿Цݣû뵽ֻͦ
һʮʦȻֻ5999ֵȻСһ
һ㣬ҲǴ˵۾Ҫ֪һʦУǧֵԽ̭׶Ρ
ҪǵĳԱͺˣǵù
ʷСˣԣǸСһȻǳʦϹҵĹۣ

ûлۣܵȻû˷Сһݳߡ
˶ü㣬ôûͻǧֵҪ֪תʦǧֵѵոûзӺã
Ҳɣ֣ˣ
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˶ǵСһֵʦĲԽҲ൱6320ֵһ
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λʦ˫˫ī˹˵ϳɹǲ̫඼Ҫ
ٳһЦݲãÿֹʺˣԼЩš
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ǺǣɱģҪҰҪ֪ҪΪҪԱһһһ˱̭أңڶСʵƫǳߵʦУһǳʦǾǸ߹Զʦ̭ô
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볤˵
ŶʵǱǸֻΪ˸λߵСӽˣʲôðĵط£
ٳƤЦⲻЦ˵γֲʦʮǿĶԾУҲڴϣǲҪڵһֵ̭оˣ
峤볤ҡҡͷʾҪסʱûҪټƽϡ
ðɣС֮󣬽ǣһϵϢʱ䣬ǽˣûнǶᰲǵסǿԾʦĿ񻶣
˵
Ļ൱ģٺͳ岻һΡ
ӱŵһ¥УҪ˵һ䣬ϳ峤Ҳǽ˶ټһٷǹһͺ˶ʿ
ȳ˵㣬յӦҪȺ˶ǿһģǲԽȴǡ
볤˵ڱʵԱûһģܹȶˣ
볤ϼȻˣҲͲˣҵȷ̭֮ǰͱ¶ʵϾϷںͷ
˵
Ϸںͷ
˶˵ҰĲСֻܹһֱͺˣϾڳʮǿʦҲռƣ
ʮǿʦУȫǧϵǿߣȻ֮⣬˶ȻǳʦţȻЩ̫š
һٷ֮Ҳ׼ȥߣϾҪϤ򣬵ȻҲ뿴·Ƿܹʦ
൱ֵģϾｨĲܶûн̭ʦйš
ȺУȴһӰ㡣
ȻŮ࣬Ҳǵһʱ俴㣬ܴȻߵǰ˵ʱȥҹˣǵڼʦû뵽㵱ʱأ
ҵʱȥ˻ֵ࣬Ŷȥһֻ̭ҪҪ̫ǿĶ֣Ǻȵأ
˵
ôҿɲã̭ǿƣҲֻ̫࣬ҪԼȫչֳ㹻أ㣬ʵֻǽչֵô
Ϊʲôòأ
ʵ
ûֻǸоûʹȫһּ⵱У˭ʩչȫأϾ޷ģ
Щ˵
Цû£ǳһΪ˿ģһΣܷıǵĿɣ
㣬һͣϣҶܽһֵı
Ҳڴ
ͷ
ֿ֮͵͵ͷһıӰܾһĪϢ˺档


1934 Ѫ
գǴһŵ̨ĹԱĺû̶ȡ
ʦΧϣʵʲôǾң
籣ǣܹͷųһǿĽ磬ʹ̨ܵƻ
ԶѧԺез
ǼԱһɰ
ǽˣʲôϡģҾͲм᲻ɴݵĽ磬ǰ̨Ľ綼ǿ߲£ÿζܵƻѵµĽ绹Ҫ˲µ
Щʦš
ܿ죬̨ϵĽ籣ͷųһѤĺ⣬̨棬һȻϣʥɻơ
ŷʱպߵ̨ҲʶǿȣóĽԼΪ֮һȻǳǿ
ݵʧ֮һֱϣͷһഩһɫ˶ЦſôˣֻǽˣҽԽǼ̣ǵʦԽܵ˺
ûֻǾǿ󣬿δѽˣ
˵
˵ôμʦĿǽˣڲͬأ
Цǻȥ̨ϰɣƺͲأ
ȷ̨ѾվʮλʦǶĿˢˢĿ࣬˵Ŀ⵱ȫ׺ġ
СӾǳʦû뵽ֹǳǩãͦһ˵ģģҪڵڶҷҪȥ˭ҵŮ񣡡
ʦˣڶʲôǸŮ峤Ůͦͷģ

죬ǳʦɲеֵ̨ϼ£
˶̲סȵ
ףķٵĿҲǿ˹ȥī˹Ҫֹǣȴ˵ҧˣ͵û˲ûôȿϷ
ں˶ƺףʹ̨Χ۵˶߷ʲô飬ǼոʦĲʦЩ˵Ĳ˵ˣ»ᱻߵĸԱͷ档
ֻ˵㣬ǾôϹǻãҪЩ̨Ͻбʵ̫ûȤζˣ
ʦϹۻ˵һּ⵶ĴʹУȻ˷У̨ȴûһλʦҷϹۡ
˶ҳΪûе
ոʦ壬η壬ΪԼǲ٣λʦú˶һֱֿ־С
ϹۣûпʼͲҪŻ˰ɣʦϣյᣬʼ֮Ľǣֻǹεģ
ϹЦҲǸļһ
ԼʦˣбҪʦôȻ˵εģ浱Լ޵ô
㻹ûӦȻ󲽳̨ȥڣһϹֵܴ˿̾;ơ
Ůкܰ
аû뵽ȫɢĸоȻ̨ϵЩʦǿٱǸֱҵѪı뺷ֽ
ڵߵ̨ϣ˶ˣϹֵЩĪû뵽ʦҳǡ
ǰʦǸŮˡ
ϹۺȵΪԼŮˣ־ͻᣬߺߣֵľǲŮɫʦΪȻܹ֮ô
˭Ṵǣ
ü
ЩŮ˳˻ṴˣһҲĸù˵İɣ
Ϲ˵
౻þҪ쭣ȴļ򣺡ҧһڣѵҪҧȥô˺͹ʼģ
Ȼ⾲׵̨ϣȴ·Ŵ˶
ϹֵܻûŭٳȴվˣʦѾˣҪʲô˽˶ԹĻӭ̨Ͻڳѿ֮ʲô£
Ԯһ£Ҳ˵л
΢΢һЦû˵ʲôȻղǸʱǲĻСҪԷ÷裬Ҫʦϵ͵ҳʱҪְ
ʮǿʦѾǩܱ֤ǣγǩԹƽΪǻǩ٣ףǺˣ
˵
ûбҪ٣Ͼλʦǿޱȣʦܹܵ˵ģǩǰֻҪϹֵܶԾû⡣
ǩãȻͬĵڶڶҲֻǧֵвʦһˡ
Ȼһ鵽㣬λʦҲһϲãöʦûаְյģǶ㣬ȴżϣϾ˵ֵĺ١
һʼǺ˶һзʦʩչʶһۺ˶ֵȺ˶ҪһЩҲûйעⳡо˶ӮӦⲻ
ոŮҪǳ鵽ҶԾһҪڸոովֻǿϧ
ϹЩʧǸʦǹǸʦʵ̫ˣǳŲڶ֣
ߣһĺ飬ǶԹŮˣҪ̨ǣĻҷҪǸѪĴۣ
ϹҲ˵
ܿ죬һԾ˶ܶԷΪһڶ̭ʦ
Ҳõһǿ
ʱҲǻȭͷΪԷով̨ʦһʦ
볤ĺ˶ļ򣺡ǿϣҲܴ󣬿ǳλʦǿˣһεʦҪϲ٣
ϣһúŬģҪ֤ǿǳʦɲǺǵģ
˶˵
ڶЫһλʦȻ˵壬ãֻ̫ݣֻܿƤͷ
Сʱ㲢ûйע࣬һҲҪúÿŮôսġ
ʦûзϻһ̨γһ䵶䵶̺żǿ趯У˫㣬Ǹոճ̨ȥϹֵܶԳһ㣬磬ûΪոյܵӰ졣
ǿƣȻԷȴѹ˵һз̵ϣ
㰵
ĺףȷʦȴǼǿܶʱ˫Ծǿȴ޷ܶԷԭΪԷǿҴƴ
һŮ˾Ȼֳܱ˻ǿƣ㶼΢΢Щ
ʦȷû뵽һǳͺѪƴףͫ׵УǼ㣬һ˿ȴ˼
һǰƣҲʦһ˿η塣
Ϊ˿η壬ʹһֱռһԷܣ
ʤ
һ˺ȵ
Ҳվ̨ϴ˿ڴһڵķ¶ҵЦݣ˼ԼںľмŬ
İɣ࣬һ̨սģ
ƺȾһ㣬㿪ʼЩѪ


1935 ǿԾ
ֻܶʤҲϹֵܶ˴۾ԭѽһֵģȻ֮治УҲãֻҪˣôһ֣˾л棬ʱ̨һҪڽյΪ
ҵǳʱˣ
Ϲվβǽ׳෴Щᣬߵ̨ϣȴǸĶ־޴ѹȸС
ûпʼȣĶֱʧȥģϹЦ˻ҲμʦҪЦ
ǱϹ˳ԷȻһԣ˫ЩʱϹȴĵ۳һλʦŷ
飡
λȥµҪʦ˿ȴ˫һâ֪ΪΣ˶Ǳһ㣬λʦʩչסϹ۵ĹƣͷųһϹۡ
˼һʼʾֻΪϹ۷ɾ裬û뵽Ǹսĸ֣
㰵
ǺʦȻֻǧֵڴ֮ǰһֱܱãոôųȫװģ
˶˵
ʦ
ѹֻսǺıĶڰ޵УɱڵĺȴǲĻ
㲢λʦȻʵ̫󣬾սһʱ֮ռõˣǺʵĲȻᱩ¶
λʦȻֻغϣĸغϱǱϹ۵Уӿˤ
޴Ҫ̨ըһ㣬Ȼ̨ϵǵȴǽЩոɾ̨ûб𻵰㡣
ͣ
ʦѪź˵û뵽ûܳʤһܣ
ңСӣҳսòҲĵˣʵֻ̫Ҫһιûаᣡ
Ϲ˵ⳡ⣡
Ϲûн̨ϵʦΪ֣ǽΪѵ
Ϲ̨˵һʦ˷ôľϹۣ㻹߲ʵܺҽһأ
ߣʦɽթĺܣϹ̨Ҳᱻһأ
Ϲ۲м
ĳ㣬Ы
ǵСһսСǰҲˡ
ȻǵһĹϵһΪãԷĽ㶼ϡ
ⳡҲǿĶ࣬λֵǧʦ˭ǶҪܵ޴ķ顣
β֮ľ뿴˭õ㣡
˭Ӯһ֣һ˭Ǳģܹߵһֻǵ̫˰ˣ

Ыʦվ̨棬ԭҲû뵽ԼԽ̭Ͼ֪ԼʦĲ࣬û뵽̭ĵһ֣Ȼ㣡
ʦĲ㣬Ƕ㣬ǿǰ֮
㣬ǺܸлһǿĻᣬҲ˵ûǵȷһΣһʵ֤ǿȻߵһɷ֣ҵʵǲģ
˵
û˵˿ȥͲںԷ˵ЩʲôȵЫʦȫһֻЫӣʩչһЩЫ֮ʱ巽Ŷ
üĵͷųһƿǿû֪ʩչ

ıƳǳɳںϹƳ棬עʩչһЩΪӵں
ɫ׵糯ǻΪЫӵȥʩչЫӰββ͵ͷųҶҺȻûסʩչ
һըɳ̨ҲȻⳡ
ǳʦȻӮˣҸոʩչͦģȥҪǿһΣ
ǸԼǿʦµĲ֪εֵˣ
˱ʦõļһһҲǵ۾ɾ˲٣

ϹôСҲһֵ̭óмʵأ
ôϹۣôעЩľҸոտȫ̶ڱĿ񣡡
ԹŮǺ£һ֣һǺڳģ

̨ʱҲǳ¶ЦݣȻܸ˶֡
һİ˳ȫߣʦͳʦһ֣࣬Լʦ
ڶֵ̭Ƿ֮ûǰ֪Լ˭оȻЩ˻Щ˲̫⡣
˶ͷǳԼڵڶ֮еĶ֣볤һֱ˵˶ھǷ̬Ҫ̫࣬ǳλʦǿУѾǲĳɼˣҪ֪ҲֻܺᲢˣ
볤ϣҿɲһԼĶ˭ֻڶֵĶ֣ǧҪһĻûаӮ±ˣ
˶˵
֪ԼϹֵʵ֮Ĳ࣬Կǣǣ򶼲ô򣬺˶֪ԼҪˡ
ԽǲĶ֣ԽҪ󣬺֣㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
Ȱ
˵Ķԣڶ׶ΣҲûˣˣһҪһ˽ǿΪǳ֤
˶˵
ҲЦ˶ǷſˣʵϣεıַǳҲǳһֱõĳɼҪ̫࣬ƽĶԴ
峤Ҳǵͷıǳʦ󣬲ֻһ˵ŬģҪȫŬ
峤֪ˣ
˶ͷ
ù֮ǶԻصӵУʱ䣬Ȼʱ
ʱ䣬һҲ˷ѵ

һҵС
Һܴٳٵĵ·ҡ
Сʱûн￪ţСǳΪÿĵط
ī˹Ҳŵǰ˳¼˵¼ȫһ飡

ī˹ˡ
ٺī˹һЩݷԱ˵λʦӮϵУˣЩ죡
һλʦ࣬ĲҪȶԷ٣ȴƾ־ǿܶԷ
һ㣬ȶֵ߲˶٣Ҳ׻ܶԷ

ī˹ô
ٿȥյ
٣˵ʵڲǵһֵ̭Щݻ治˵࣬ȫƾӮñģԱǿһЩʦЩôҪλʦܷӳãǲܵģ
ī˹˵㣬ĶʵͲǿҳȷʵǱȽأʤҾ
ī˹֪ǸļһԲŹκһп赲õʦھˣᵽˣ㣬ȻΣա


1936 
ī˹˵Ļ΢΢ͷĲҲΪģ⻹ǵһֵ̭ȵڶ֣ŴҪܵķ
ī˹Ҳǵͷǳϸˮ©ҵĻ̫飡
ī˹Ȼµҵҷǳ㣬ʦ֮ضõӦеĽͣ
л٣ұضΪЧȮ֮ͣ
ī˹˵
ȴǰԸ̣ǳͣȫԼϣµĻڹֻʧܵĻٻڹ
ܿȥ̨ϯǰһЩʦûзκֻǾȴžĿʼ
ʦ۵ļҡ
һ֣ҶĳʦȫҪ̭Ǹǣһ̭ɶһЩݽɫǲôˣ
˵˿ԣ˵ҵŮ϶Ӯģ
㣬һ򵥵ĳˣӢ˧ĳˣ

ʦߵ̨棬һΣûϵĹԷλʦϹֵ˾һֱԲм㣬˵ǳǩˣò顣
㣬Сĵ㣬Ҫ㲻
˶˵
ҲӦû
˵ˣϴ̭ǩܶʦ˵Ū٣˵ʲôܵ͵˷˵ڶ̭˵ʦı˵ǣƣҪ֪˵͵˿Ǻ岻κνʵģٷȥô
ȻΪôҲԹڶֵʦԾǩҾɰǿʦԼ
ʦ˫ۿţԲ׵飡
˵
ī˹óһӵŰֽֽǷֱ˸֡
ĸÿ˳ֽȻī˹֮ĶԾˣ
˵
Ŀ⿴Ϲ۵ǰˡ
˺ֽܿī˹
ī˹˵һΣ
ģãˣ
ϹֵܶԹ
ȻĶ־ȻԼôļʶܵˡ
𼱣ʦСмӽǧҪսʤܵģȻСӲǻܣܿǿ֮⣬Ҳˣ
Ϲ˵
ϹҡͷУڶǵС֮ǰ̨ǹˣҪ㣡
ִļһҶ׼ˣ
Ϲ˵
ī˹˵Ϊ˱֤ݶԾԣҾһ֮ٱһԾ֣
е˼ī˹򣡡
Ц
ʦ̨ʦȻ̨ϡ
Σû̫ӡ󣬱ϾĿλʦ֮⣬ѵùۿʦľ
ոպ˶ҲǸʵףСӽǧֵϹֵܡ
οһۣ˫ǲм˵ǳһλʦҲΪҾܽڶ֣ٶһЩʵģ
ôôҲΪҪУ
㻹ͦģ̨ϣ⿿߲Զģ㿴ʲôʵĲ࣡
Цһ
ʵϣԼãȻͰǿʦйԾȻκܴġ
ǿǰһսβܻκʧ
һĨ⣬˫ֵгһʦȣʦȱٹͷɢɺ⣬κȵ䣬֮
һɫâʦбŷ徹Ȼվԭ޷
ôǲ֮Ծ
㰵Ȼסȴûаæ
㣬ֻҪûа㷴֮ˣߺߣǿϯλԤ
κȵʦȣһŷ㡣
ԭΪס㣬ԻᱻԼ׻û뵽ǣִǰʱϾȻðһ⣬˲ƽʩչ֮ЦǿϯλԤôô֪
һҵĻʩչȫûס
αĻˣѾɥʧ˱
ˣôܣôƿҵ֮
һãȻ
ˡ
̨棬£̨£һƬɫ
ûж˻뵽˵ľܶԷ췽ҹ̷һ𺳡
ΣʤһֶԾ
ԱŽ˵˳
£ȻһƬž
ô£ոûϸСӾȻΣⲻڿЦɣ
Ϲ۸ܸոʵ
ǿСµĹ㾹ȻΡ
ϹҲҡҡͷʾû
ī˹һ٣ҲͬĪ֪ǻȥһҪúÿⳡ¼񣬾ԲܷŹκһϸڡ
ⳡ˴̫̫⣬Ҳ赽Ů࣬ҲһҲǱī˹һ
һԾϹ۶࣡
ī˹˵
Ҳǰ㣬СӸոôģȻҶһ
Ȼ֪ز¶û뵽Ȼǰ׾ͻΣ˾Ľƣǻ˵ùȥ⡭
Ҳǿȥֵĺ󷽣Ϲۿ࣬Ǵ˼Ѫһ˷ܡ
ߺߣŮˣңոСãȻΣҲֻܵΪֹˣһǰԣ
Ϲ˵
ңҲڣ
ȵ䵶˳䵶渽ħǿϹۻӳһ
ǻݣ
ϹۺҲǺȵ廤ܣ
˸⣬е䵶ͷŵĵ֮ϾȻûа㷴Ӧ
ôǿķ
Ȼû뵽
Ҫ֪һܹܶԷһһǰѪԣǰǣܹƶԷķԷв
ϹۣȻû˰취
֪ʦ
ϹĵͷֱӻؿڣһѪ
ûбɣվԭأϹۺҲɳȥģ̫ûȤζˣҪ̨ãܣǣίȫȨ
Ϲ۽̬һʹ̨µĲʦ֮ԱǣԷһŮӣȻҪ˶Ըǲˣ
⹷޷ˣһŮ˶Ҫ˶Ը
üͷ΢塣


1937 ȫԸ
Ȼ̨Ϊ߷߲ƽʦϵĹرһͶͲ
ִţ۲ʵϹԲ࣬ҲûаͶ˼
Ϲǳһȭһȭɳ̨档
̨µʦ౻Ϲ˶򣬶в̣Ƕ뵽Ϲ۾Ȼһϧ뷨ûУ׻ǲ˰
ϹۻľͲʲôϧϹĶǲŮɫʦΪǿǣԸŮˣ˵Ҳ᫣Ůˣһֳ޸С
ּȻҲ㣬ôұҪٵ嶯
ǰǰ̨淴ϹۣϹ۳ӴֻҪ̨ϲͶԻԷ
Ȼ˶˵ջˮôұٵգΪ
ס֣ҹŮ
̨£һϵʦ˵ϵƤǹ죬ЩƤİߵ㿴ȥΪֲ
֪߱Ȼĸס
Բսûн㲻ȥ
ǿֹλߡ
λҪʩչȴǱλʦѹסˡ
ߺߣЩʦǰôأ
һһֱ˵Щʦڷ
ûˣҵĹŮҪˣ
ʦĹأһͶһҪսף

ͣ
̨һѪߺʶѾģܹԶ׺Щʦ۵ЩҪˣҪǣƺҪܸϹˡ
ܣǰܸʦС
ǣǻǿأӲôȭȻûл赹ȥһȭͽɳ̨ɣʡı˵Ҳϧ񣡡
Ϲ˵
ҪȭһӰȴԷ۵糸ٶȴ̨·ûλʦ뵽ôһĻ
Ѿűǿվ̨ϵ࣬˫ǰһϤӰӵʱ򣬶Ծ̧ͷ
СӣʲôŮô
Ϲۺȵ
ǵĸ׶赲̨֮⣬СӾȻԴǴ󵨰졣
һٶҲȷʵʹʦĿⶼ۽ϡ
ī˹ﶼҵڣȻҳ̨ŮˣԼܲעô
Ȼ룬ϾԽҫڽľбض⵽ԡ
پ˵в󣬾Իǰ֮صġ
ֻǾһ飬֣
۾У˵УҲģֻǴ˵һ䣡
䣿
Ϲۺȵƾʲô䣿
㿴һ࣬ѪҼ˫Ȼּ㣺ң䣡
ߣһԹŮ
Ϲò֪˵ʲôą֪̃ĻͲ䣬˵㣬֪ǿǿУʦҿʱжã
߰ɣȥ
̨࣬
һٶҲǸжʦϾĶģϹ۸ɳǵɥ飬Ȼһζҩ
һʱ֮䣬ʦҲǶԳ˲ٸıĿ
ǳʦû뵽֮ˣʦȻݣҲȫģ
ʦѾǿѾʵ֤˺ܶණǶҪʡΪγ嶼ȡóɹ

̨ʱƵע׭ڣʹڵƺõķɿ죬Ҳ˫۾ȡ
࿴ԼĸףҲ˫ᣬܰһ棬㲻̲㣬Ƕ뿪
Ůְ֪ԸҪǿǸոգôܼʦӲƴأҪ֪Ƕ᲻ģ
Ҳ۾󣬵ǿ࣬ȴǰ˲١
ͷԼĴ
λˣ˵ǳʦôеʦѵã
㣬ҾڿʼЩˣ
೯뿪ķȥһĨԼ֪㺡
ǴӲǷ飬飬һҪúøл
ȫ׷Ը
ͷ
̨ϵľڼǺ˶һλʦ
Ȼ֮ǰⳡܵĹעҪСĶࡣ
صӣǼСӣһΪҪȥˣ磬û뵽㻹ͦ
볤Ҳ˵ǳõ˺ܺõĸƣ
úã
峤ǵͷ
Цȿ˶ⳡɣǽǿǾòˣ
֮ǰ˽⺫˶ʵֻ֪תʦ˶ǩҲǳĲûжԸϹĻǺһ׶༪١
λʦҲǲ̫ϤһԵİ˵ʦͺ˶ʵʵǰⳡҪ˭Ҫӵĺá
Ҳ簲˵ʵǳӽⳡܾãһ̲ɺ˶һˮ׼ĻϵԷܡ
˶֣ܶԼҲЩѵĸо³ͷ󺹣һ仰˵㣬ǳλʦǿˣңҸովǿȥģ
΢ϢЩ飬㽫׭ע뺫˶ڣɫŻָ㣬ʲôҸоƺսһ㣡
ڵĴˣոһսƯ
ֻЦ
һʦϹ׻ܶԷҲʹǿϯλȫ
ٴ̨֮ϣ֪Ϊʲǫ̂ʱûһ֮ǰȻ
˶ܼվ̨ϣһԵİȫУǲԶϹһֱҲûаɺµġ
ٳߵǰðɣʦұǳʦǾȻʦһսǿ
ôʦǿ֮λѾֱǳʦ㣬ʦ˶ʦϹۣʦϹ
ˣ֮ʸ񣡡
ȻǺһ־һֻеȵ֮ǲŻ֪˭ףǺˣ
˵
ߺ󣬺˶˵ǼһǿǳʦλЩǳļһﶼǵʵ
ֻǿ֮󣬲ΪؼľʱǾ볡ȯˣ
ǹâ
˶֮ľЩη壺㣬ʵûаգֻϣ֮ܺԾܹ֤Ϲֵܶˣ׶༪٣ҿɲҲ̶ã
˶ԼʵܽǿѾ漣ˣľֻϣԾܺɽҲж
˶֮ǩΣҶҪȫԸ
ļ


1938 ó
ʵ֮Ķ־Ǻ˶ʦĸپ鷢
̬ʦǰֻԼˡ
ͷȻ˵ǾԹƽĳǩҪʵ̫ˡ
㵹ûô⣬ϾʼҪԸϹֵ˵ģϹ۽̨ǰԸ֮࣬󣬱ضҪΪֻع
ҵС
ٳɫأ̨ܲϷһС
ī˹¼񶼿ô
٣Ҷˣ
˵˵Ŀ
һΣ˳ԼˮƽҾʵӦòֹתʦˣ
ī˹˵
Ѽʾֻתʦ
٣˵Զ鱨ϵͳԶԶ֮ϣҲǾǵõٵ鱨ҲˣСϣֵֻвǧ
ҲרҵЩɶĳ˾Ȼ⣬ֵҲ۹Ӧǧң
˵СӣһǧֵʦȻαװǧʦǸɻشǿˣ
٣ˣҲҪ̫ţ
ī˹˵ȻʵǺ˶ȴǲǿҲʵܹϹֵ
ǶôҲǽǽ˹Ŵܼˣ
˵
ī˹ĵգһ¾뽫Ƶ鱨ţصƯҪٹﲻɣ
ܿ죬ϹۣϹңϹŰǿҲûаҪص˼
ƽʱ̨ϣ˻Щӣ˽µĳϣʵûбҪ
Ͼʦ嵱бĪġ
Ȼˬ˵̬ȣ޿κΣҪ֪ʦҲָܹ˳õھôԼˡ
٣ôǹʲôأ
Ϲơ
˵ǿϯλѾˣǵĿ
ȫûУ٣ҺϹ˴ڳǩ飬ˣ
Ϲ˵УұԾ
ǵ̬ȸͲںǷҪˡ
ٿһī˹߻˵λģǿ԰쵽Ҳλ˼ҪȽʦܣȷھ֮λ
Ҫȷھ֮λôҲ²ˣҾҪԸ㣬һĴҲŻľһ˿˼
Ϲ˵
ī˹ѹԼˬ飬˵һģģ
ٻʲôôûеĻˡˣ
ȵ뿪֮ٲҪ÷裺ģʲôʦٵͷôǸոǸģǷǮƵã찡ΪʲôһĹ£
ٲϢŭȵʦȻˣ
ԺضǻܲģʱѵҪǵô
˵
Ҳû취˭ʦҪ֪Щʦɶأǿǲǣ
ī˹˵
ٷŭī˹㲻Ҫǳ־Լ磬ʦʲôһЩصļһϹŮ˶ŹҪǾʹˣ
˵ļǣϹֶβбʵǼӰ
ī˹ͷ
˰ˣҲգҪǿ϶ԸˣǷԸɣ˵ҲЩʦĴڣȷҲҵģ
ҡҡͷ

ڰ֮
֮ϣ¡һ죬׵һӰ졣
ڿеǵӰ΢΢ͷǵӰҲǳԣ常ҽǺɣѾоԼڵҪˣ
ڤ֪һֻ̺ŶôǿĺڰڵʵԶԸ嵱еתʦˣ
˵˵ڶĶ֣
㣡
ڤð𣺡常˵⼸컹㵭ˣӦǰȥ򣬷ĻҪ̭ˣ
ڵδȹ̣ڰ֮ٴ죬ȵȹ̣ȥҲ٣
Ҳãȹ̣̫ȵȹ֮ұضҪ㸶ѪĴۣСӶ죡

֮
̨
Ȼ֮ǰһַǷ
ǿսĳʾףͨľУضʤһ
ûı
λʦѾվ̨棬ī˹վǰһλʦԾ
ʵѾ֪ԼǵڶҲǶϹۣī˹ǰˣ֮ǰú׼ˡ
һ庫˶Ϲ
ī˹˵
˶µһĻջǳˣϹСֵߣҲʵǿһλʦʦ˶Լаʤ㡣
㻹˵ͰɣʵڲУѸ䣬Ҫ֮ǰı֣
Ȼ˶ҪϹǲûиϾʵܴ󣬺˶ϹĶ֡

˶ͷȻûģҪһʼ
ϹҲԼĶ⺫˶ûн˶УܾԼ⺫˶վǰȻһ衣
˶ҲϹһϲĥˣ֮£Ҹϲս
ϹЦ
˶ŵò˵Ѿ˷
Ȼ˶ҪֵϹҲڳ룬ûпϹʩչʲôɲǼǱһĻɳ̨
ⳡ֮죬Ҳ̨µʦǿЩãȻ
յǿеʦʵӦ÷ǳӽŶԣ˫ĽŲŻþӴ̼
ּɱĽúܶʦ⡣
ϹϹ粻ͬȻϲĥ֣ŰɱٶȻ֣ܶȻǻöԷܵˣ
볤ҡҡͷ˵˶ߵǿѾǲˣһսûаܣ
ܷӮ֣Ҷе
峤Ҳ˵
һϹܺ˶ɹ
ڶϹۣ
ī˹˵
ԼҲû뵽һȻô죬⺫˶ӮûаϵֻϣܹϹ۴漣ĻҪҵ˹ʦȵ컹ѡ
㣬Сӣͣ
ȹ
ҲǵͷѾվ̨ȲҪԼĶۣ˫۵ֳһĨâ
㣬һӮģ
ҲǴӲԶЦϵѾȫֱָǸĿɰˡ
Ҳʱҳˣ
а


1939 ڰϮ
СϳˣϹۣϣܺݺϹһΣҪ֪ϹǼһһŮ˶ҪԸʵǶ˵棡
һսʤǿΣҲһûϣ
漣˴ģʦʵŵ˿ȥˣ

۷׷ףԶƫȥߣϹͷ˶ϣܸ㡣
ʦսչ黹ʵ֮ĽһŵʦЩۣúЦ
ǶΪԼ֮ô˭˭ܹôϹֵʦһĽһʦںǵĽֵñ˵ģ
һλʦЦ
̨֮ϣϹۿ㣬ǴżϷʣ㣬̨֧˿ɲأֻЩ̨֧ǲκõģһ䣬ֻܹ֤ҲаĴŮʲô³Ҳһ
ôҲ㣬̨ζԸģҲؽһȫ㣡
˵
ߺߣҿѾǸŮ˳׸Իסˣһúѹģ
Ϲۺȵ嵱ͷųһɫâӵһ˫ɫһ㣬ڿƮ
гһѳҫֱָ㡣
㣬ɣ
趯Ϲһֻʹһ㳯Ľ̨µĲʦܵһ˿˿ѹ
ȻǴ󲿷ֶ֧ϹۣϹʵǰǻǾԼ֧ʵ̫΢ˡ

˲ʱһƬ𺣣һǽһ赲סϹۣϹЦƣ
еĳͷŽ⣬ҪʩչĻ
벻ǣ޷ܵĻ𺣡
⣬ܵģܹסҵô
Ϲ۸š
㽫ܵĻĵбŷһγһǿ磬̨涼ܸоҵķ춯
ԭҪһܵϹû뵽ԼѾ˷صλã趯ͷŽòײŵסķ
Ȼ羢֮֮ȴǱŷһ׵֮
׵磡
һδεϹһ㣬̲סŭһ廤ܣ
廤ܣʹϹ۵ǿһ̬ĵزںŮĽУʩչ廤ܣֵסеĹƣ
ϣҿĻܵжǿɣ
˵
ڿʲôЦȷǽʩչһô
Ϲŭ
СӻǻᴵţأΪ˵ʲôҶʲôô
ͼԼ統аɣ⻤ܣ˶õģ
ЦĵбŷڤĻ𣬸ɫ׵ĻҪϹһ㡣
η壬廤ܵκûƻĻܡ
սȻ

а
Ƭ̣ڤĻڿը죬쵱лϹ۵ʹ
ϹڿбڤĻϣȻϹ۵û뿪̨Բ䡣
ôܣ
һŵʦȫȡ
ǶʦǿߣǿôҲû뵽Ϲʩչ廤ܾȻᱻ׾ٻơ
ǿСʩչô
ʦҡͷ
ʦ죬û뵽Ȼ쵽̶ֳȣǶûոʩչ

ͣ
Ϲ۴ӵ˲³һѪ˫󣬸Ÿոһ廤ܻơ
ȿȡ㣬ʲô
ߺߣô࣬ұô㣬ǲĻ׼̨ϰɣ
ȵ
̨µĲ˵⻰ǼΪҪ֪֮ʩ֮֮ǰϹ̨ײеĶԸ࣬Ҳòʦ֮ģȻƷǿΪҪ
䣡
һȭŷϹȫûаֵ֮ٴαȭڵϣ
ˬݺһ
ź
ֳ׷ڣѹõڴ˿ȫ˳ǵдʦҲûĵ̴ʦĺ
Ϲ۸ֵ㣬ڸһɳڵϣȻվֱˡ
ʦδ̨䷽ʽҲΪʲôϹһֱԭ
Ϊ䣬ضΪʦеЦ
ǣȭʵ̫ͣܲϵľʹ˵б¾ͽһɳȥ㣡
ңҲ˵ζԸ࣬ұζԸô
㵭˵һϹۣϾȻ
ʹ
Ϲڵϴ
С̫ʦǹһˣô
һŵʦǷŭ
ٳ٣⣬̫˼˰ɣ
ī˹˵
Ҳҡҡͷ˵ϹǾȡһҵǰҶУû뵽ȴǱʦƲˣ˵ʵﻹͦˬģ
ˬī˹ЩˣҪ֪ͻ浣ٻὫȫƵԼϣٺϹ۹ϵԷǳѣҲʹϹ۱㶾ٷǾȡ
ˣ䣬̫ʹˣŹң
Ϲֲ֧סˣĿ֮䡣
Ϲ䣬Ҳͣʱī˹̨˵Ϲ䣬ʤ
̨һƬȸԾȻϹۣǺ˷ܡ
̨̨棬Ϲ˵ʹࡣ
˶ǵһȥӵģ˵һҾ֪ӮǳʦʷԵĽ˾ˣ
ҲЦЦ
߶ǳ֪˵Щʲô
Ҫ̨˶ã
Ϲȵ
һֽϹץĵйϹ۵壺Ȼ׵˵̶ȣСӻǹݵģ
ϹҲ˵磬СӾֹǧֵʵһܸоиǿʵûб
ǿʵ
ϹЩ
ϹϹۣǴǵһˣ
һλʦϴŭ⣬ȻûȫֳȻܹܳס
ǣ
˶ǵͷ
̨˶߹˵ʱӰȴǻ˽վ̨룬Ϣ˶űϵ˵常˲٣Ѿˣ
Ѿ֮Ǿӣʱǵĳ֣óȫģ
常һ̨ϸ¹Ҳһʧߵĸܣ
˦˦ɫ磬Цɭ


1940 
ҡ
ʦרĵطʦûȥˣȻǣ̨ϵıǺܲ⡣
ʦ崴죬ĿľҪʦ浱еĵλɳȥλʦһٮٮߣϹۺϹǱǼΪʦյĽ˻ʦ벻ǣϹ۾Ȼᱻ߳Ǿ֮⡣
Ϲƻûлָ˵ĺۼЩҵĺϹ߽ҡ
һ̣ҵУһλʦȻһϹ۱ѹĹ˵ϡ
ʦңҲû뵽㾹ȻôӦˡң
Ϲۿ
ҪˡĲ㼼ˣûУŮ˶磬Ȼ̨ҪǵãŵѪԶѪݱǱĳ˲֪߳˶ٱ
ʦǵʱٲͶĻҾҪˣ˵ֻҪͶɱңģ
Ϲ˵
ʲôˣԶ
ʦǲҪٹϹˣھǹҲڲ֮Ҫ֮ľ˳ϹܶԷ
˶ҵĵӣܽҲұΪʦҵӴǿеˣû뵽ǣϹȴҵ֪ˣ
ʦ˵
ʦңҵʱʵɱң㲻֪
죡
Ϲȵǰ׳һĵܵܣʦϹȻдֲܹ֮㲻ҵĶ֣
ʦҡҡͷʵǽֳǰ㣬Ϲ۾ԲŻܣϹڵ̬ȥԸ㣬ذɣ
ʹϹĶ֣ⲻ̫ܰɣ
ʲôܵģʦˣÿһ춼к֣ǴûһοԽ
һֱʦռţһ졭
ʦ̾ϢưʦʱѾˣʦȻܸʦ벻
һֱŹ쳣СӦҲһֱʵĻСֻǧֵ
ʦ֮ϹӦ㣿¹ʦ
Щʦȥʦհ
ϹȻ˵ȻĬš
Ϲ죬㽫һֵѵԶӿʦʹδΣյľأ¹ʦϵϣ
ʦ˵
ǣʦϹһǱĸҵ
磬֮ұض̨֤ϻɱ㣬ֻѪֲ̨ҴĴˣ
Ϲ˵

̽Ϲ飬ٵĻҵҲڹۿ˾¼
顣
۾󣺡ͣ棬Сӵʱ˵ʲôֻѣ仰δҲ̫˵ɣ
ī˹˵٣Ҿ仰ûʲô⣬ֻҲóȷʵĻϹۣ
˵ʦϷĹ浱еһˮ׼ī˹ССӿֻǧֵ֪ǻΣǻϹۣ
ҡҡͷϹһҲĺܣҪȥȫʧˣ
ΪҪȷʦնڣϹ̨ϱʲô
ϹʵϹ֮ϣ٣ܻ㣡
ī˹Ҳֻ˵ǻˣҪ֪ҪȷϹ㣬ĻҾΣˣ
˵
٣ˡֱԣҪȷϹõھ򵥵İ취˰ɱ㣡
ī˹˵ռ̨֮ûӰʦ֪ôµģʱø
ٵͷɱ㣬Ӳ˸ϵģī˹ʲô취
٣һƣ֮˭˭ӮǶѸϵ
ī˹˵
ǰһ˵˵һһף
Ǻҹпһ˿Щڴ
ż֮ǰϹ̨βбԴŮ˵ǿ
ʱϹǵȶ֮£Ҷó裬ⲻΪ
ԾʦڣʵʦеȻΪǼ⵽ƻ
ī˹˵ϹֻۣҪһ£֮ϹܣȻԽƵϹϣ
˼ǲҪȥǵʤϹܣιﵽϹϣ
٣һʧҲʡ鷳ϹֵƷ̫ˣ˵ʵֻǸ鱨Ա΢ǿϴûнٷУˣҲ֪ΪҪСˣ
ī˹˵
һӣһʦĻͽǴˣǲٲҪҾͿ֮ǵ׺սʲôӣī˹㲻鱨̼ߵļһҺոյļƻ۳ɰܣ޹أ
лٿ佱
ī˹ͷ
֪ǲǰԡĻٵԸ񣬺ܾܿҪھ֮ǰΪȷϹʦھ
ȻҲϹֵܵùǰٽӴպܲ죬ī˹ҲץסһٽìͷָϹۡ
Ҳī˹Ϊ㴴ûˡ
٣ܹõٵİɱ

ʱҲ쳣ҪȻϹۣϹʵҪϹǿϲٵģľ裬ԻϹһϾʦĹھ䵽С
ϥľ֮ϣȫɢɫâüҲǴ򿪣ֻɳͷų
ںϹ۾ǰһ죬ǽתʦٴһֻɫ«еļƷƳ棬ҲΪϹ۲Żܵǰҡ
תʦֵҪǧˣټķ׭ʵǶԸǧֵʦҲŰ⡣
ڵʵܻϹҲûʲôҵĿӦҪԶһ㣬Ҫҳ嶾˹֣Ҫλ棬Ҫǿ֧֣
ǻϹҲûаϲãʼ֪Լ浱еĿʲô
ʱ䲻ˣ֮ǻϹʦע⣬ʱᷢʲô飬Լ޷Ԥ⣬ʵԽǿҾжһֵıϣ
ǰȻƮ죬ҼȻˣͱضֱǰ֮󣬽һµת䣡
˫Ź⣬һɫâҲǱŷڷЩ˶Щ־ͷųЩ


1941 ս
ڵ̫ˣϹ۰Ҳ֮¹˭ֻ˵׼أ
˶˵
ȻڰϹûʧȥģѾҪǻϹǰԼ˳
˶Ҳ֪һ㣬ȴǱǿ٣ÿα֮쵱Уר˷Ѱʱ䣡
볤˵
Ҳǵͷ볤˵£Ҳ˵ˣҵʱһδ츳ȻǿڷܵľͷȴҲ˿ɼ
ţֻǿϧѪͳ
ǳδ˵˲ԸΪʦģУǳˣ
峤˵
峤˵ǣǳ岢壬ѪҪ̫ߣǳֻܹȥ
볤ϵͷ
˶Ҳ˵ǴѡʦμʦҺ˶ݵĶˣ峤үү˵ǣǺˣǳˣҽ󶼻ѧϰ
볤Ҳ˵˶ܸߣҺŶӾ񣬿ȷѡʦĳɼҲ൱ձضΪǳʯ

ʱɿ죬絯ָһӼ䣬̨ѾΪʦҪ㵽ܲϮϹġ
ϾϹ۶Ůɵʵ˲ݣϹۣȻΪǳһڶһ
ϹϹ۵ĸ磬ǶϣܻϹ
ǣϣһ棬˫ʵ࣬Ƕ
ϹϾһĵһǿߣϹ۶Ķ֣ҪϹѶȺܴ
˵ϹʦȥܱѵͻͽҪ֪ǲǾԻϹٷְٰյĻ㣬ʦھ
˵׶༪٣ξҪλϹģڸҶҿⳡˣ
˵ϹܱѵΣһսʤǿߣҲһҲ漣أ
漣ѣôݵģҪĻϹһῪĵģ

̨棬ٺī˹Ѿȥٿһī˹߻⣬һ۳£ʦվӣҲʦҪʱ䣬û뵽ܶȻûѡ뿪ⳡȻĿ
̨£ϹһʦһŵλúܿҲѾϹе˲٣˿ܣܿҵڲԶ㡣
˼ͬһʱ俴ԷϹ¶һмı飬ڸ㣬̨ѪϴԷԱ֮ǰϹ֮
ڣλʦѾʦľʼ
ī˹˵
ϹҲ̨·Ⱥʱϡټ͵οģϾһʼĲϿɣӵв˵֧֣ǲ顣
㣬ȫ֧㣬һҪŶ
վں۵ĵطĸվţҲ΢Цſ㡣

㳯˵ͷ
ī˹һۣ˵λûʲôĻͿʼˣ
ûģǲ֪ûˣ
ϹЦ
㵭˵Կʼˣ
ī˹̨ʼ
̨µһ䵱УźɫƤ죬¶Ц常ⳡҪʼأʦϹⳡмʤ㣿
ʤģʦ츳ϹǰѾܳˣȻǰϹۣЩʦɲǳصģǲñݵģ
ܿСӲҰ̨ϣҲһأ
ڤ㲻˵Ҫ̨ϻô
ȻֻҰܣҲģ常ֻҵУ

̨ϣϹ˫ĮĿ⣬УƺѾһʬ壬ǿŲģܱѵ
ƽѵʱ䣬岻ʦһŬĽᾧ
Ϲϳ֮ǰʦѾ˵ˣֻҪ㲻ʲô︽壬ⳡϹ㲻ܵģ
︽壿ߺߣұҪɹ
Ϲǲм
ϻһɫâ廤ܣϹϵĽΪ֣ҲǸǿ
֮ǰƵϹϵĻܣǽϹϵ廤ܣȻͺƵˡ
Ҫڲ֮ô
㰵ϹȻȥʵҲǵĻܸңߡ
꽣
Ϲ˫ֵҲһѽӲӵĳȥ֮Ϲ۸Ϊҫۡ
㣬Ҳѵģ
Ϲȵս꽣ȥ
ӶϹͷžЩңޱȣ̨ʦܵ
׵
ȵ˫Ƶһ֮֮Ϲ꽣ұը
飡
ϹȻ꽣ϸħȻʩչɵˣ
׵ǳϵһźܸܹһлϵ㻹Ǵ׵Է꽣ˣϹҪʩչ꽣Իעһ
볤˵ʼĽ׶ο˼·ƺҪȶǿһЩǺϢ
ɶǸĻ澹Ȼҵ꽣ʧЧˣ
ϹŭĿӣֻ㣬㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣһ취Ƕĵƽģ
籩
ȵ
һϯ̨¶ܸܵŰΪģһ籩֮Ϲӿȥ
Ϲ꽣ٴγܣȻǰһնȻǰӿķ֮ȫնϡ
ֻһЩˣ㣬ֻ㱾ô
ϹĽֻϧⳡУעֻնն֮ˣ
Ц˫ĵ棬̨澹ȻһӰһɽЩɽȥȻ֪ʵģȻ˴һֿ־У
ɽǳɳںϹƳȻÿһϵʩչô󣡡
峤Ҳ̾
ƣ
Ϲȵе꽣һֱӳշȥǿеɽȻѹȻϹȴǴɽд˹ȥ
䣡
·ɽѣʹǴɽĻӰȴȻ̨ʦΪ𺳣ǶҪ˽һﵽ׻ʩչ
һŵʦȫЩȻʦʦʦ㲻˵ϹⳡṥƱôôڿȴһֱ״̬أ
ⳡţ죬Ϲûʩչһʩչذɣ
ʦȥȻţɫϿǰҲǺ⡣


1942 鷳
㹥糱ǽϹɰѵ̨µϹһ亹뵽㲻ɣ
ϹҲŪĹǺΪ쵱Ѿ˲٣û뵽Ȼʹĸо
Сһʹضľ޴ҿôҶ
Ϲһսһ̨չֳǿĹƣ֮ضƣԼûʩչѧĽһʩչСӸ͵ֵס

Ϲ벻ǣڵԴԴתʦкǿӵǿķ׭ǶʩչʮθոʩչԲκ⡣
̨һ𺣣ϹУЩŪЩķң꽣ٴγܣҪӽն𺣡
ߣ뽫Լɱ׳ôٲ׵Ļûˣ
һ
ոʩչȫ̽ĿľҪԷƼʩչ
ֻû뵽ԷȻôס̫᱾ˣΪһʼ糱ǻĹûô
䣡
𺣵УĵбŷϹĵãʩչ꽣ĽֵȻ㱻ɳȥ
æ֮£꽣Ľ֮ϣУһһ
Ϲ䣬е꽣Ȼ˲ڻ𺣵ʧϹһɫ̨£ֻ𺳡
Ϲ̫ˣһӦʩչģһζıûʩչ
ʦҡҡͷܲϹı֡
֪ոϹһЩʩչһĻѱ̨֮ˡ
ûиϾɱĻʦĹھ֮λҪø岻ɡ
Ϲʩչһ޷ֵסģĿҲλãǵΧǾߵʦĿɿڴĿԼʱŸоЩ̫Ծ
һ̣¿̨֮ϣ㾹ȻȻվ棬һ˺۶ûС
ô£
λʦ
Ҳ˵仰
λʦ㶰˵
Ǹûпεסһģ̨ϵϹ㻹վԼǰɫȫһȻ㵲ס㻹ûа˺ۣȷֻһʦô
ôסһģ
ϹЩ
Ҹ㣬䲻ɣ
㵭˵
䣿ΣһһһнʦǾԲᶪģ
ǾҲô
˵
Ϲ嶼Щ˵ʵһ㵲סûаˣһĵܾûᱻ㵲
֮Ϲڵ̬ǳҪ֪һֱһ֦ģδǿʦҲû״
ʲӲҲǱĥĺ͸ոϹһʩչķҸ޷ѣ¹ΪϣϹǻʲôҲѾӲ̫ˣѾˣ
壡
Ϲȵȫһ㣬ȻǰΪǰҫǳβڶУȴǾϹڲ
ҪⳡˣѾȫʩչϣ뿪̨
ףȫŷǿƣ̨Ĳʦû뵽ܹھǰûһ˿η塣
Ϊǿûǰܱеġ
е㣬ȴһλʿһ㣬ûаηǰ˼
ڤ
ȵ
ʲô
ߵʦȫĿɿڴ
峤һŵı飺ѵԴĳǳʷصоԲģ
찡ʵ̫ˣСӾȻľˮеȫںϣȻԴ

г˾ϲǾϲ
䣡
ľˮȥӵгɳںϹƳ棬Ҫں̫ѣʵϣѶȷǳ֮
ˮϵͻϵ໥ų⣬ҪںǷ̫ϸԵǣĹƳ׺ʵ̫ǿˣֻƳ漸ܹûκìܣڤŻᱻԴ
ӰҪڤ̨棬ʦѾʼҡͷȥȥ浱УʦİλͿҪȡˣ
˵꣬ѾϹɳ̨ˤڵϣҲ̶á
Ҵ綼СӵĶ֣ôܣ
Ϲ۲š
𺳣һʷʫ𺳣̨µĲ˶Ů㣬ˣʦϵĹھˣ
ҲȫվǼУޱȾʵľؼջܶԷ
ī˹ѹסԼеľϲһ٣߳ͷī˹վ̨˵ϹҲʦϵʤߣ
ͬʱʦԶٰʦĿľΪ˴ٽʦĽγһ壬Ҳˣʦϣϵ̵УĸȫԹƽŵ̬ȥԴûƫκһˣҲףʦճΪʦĹھ
ī˹ⷬҲԭϹۻٵʦָ˲٣Ҳаī˹ϹΣָģʦУʦȻΪǿģʦĿģʣڹϹȥ
ī˹Ҳǰ٣ʵΪ˰ԼϾǿʵǲ취ԾȵĻȻᱻóȥ
ī˹ⷬҲǺܲī˹˵ʦĹھ
㿴һ⽱ƽģϴһǻ˲ٹ򣬱Ϊ⽱ջصУ;ɱ㡣
㵹Ƕ⽱ûаȤĿһŵʦȻ޷ǵе˭ס
㣬⽱ģϣδʦ֮·һ˳
ī˹һۣҲǽĿջأȵҪӹ⽱ʱȴǸоϤϢ
ǣ
ͬʱӰ̨ɴ̨֮ܶϣ˶Ǹ㣬Ǵһ˿Ц˵㣬㲻ӵʦĹھΪͲǳˣߺߣ֪Һ常ڳ֣᲻أ


1943 ڰ
ڤ֮ǰѾִ򣬵ǵʱպûϹۣΪ˲Ҫھ֮鷳Ȼû뵽㾹ȻھлϹչֳ󶼸о𾪣֪ٲסģվӵкڰĶ֡
˵֣ʹ̨ʦʡ
ī˹Ҳ˭Ǿʲôˣƾճ̨ϣѵ뵷ҵô
ңֻҪǣ㲢ǳ˶ѣûʸ⽱ģ
ǳˣ
ī˹ȣ˵Ϊ
Һ常ǳʦ常ǳ嵱еĶ㾿ǲǳˣ᲻֪
ڤ˵
ѲҳʦˣǿɶĺڰʦѾͶڰʦ磡
峤ʱվ˳˵ԭҵ֣ǾΪһ˽˳壬ڿħˣ
ڰʦô
ī˹˵ڰʦĻţǷ̫ˣ
ǰڰʦĻôأ
ʦ˵
ҵǺλʦһͣʦ
ʦ˵ƺܹݡ
һĴʦˣǺãҲ¸ǣ㲢ǳʦһλԶŻˣ
˵
ԶŻˣ
ʦ˫ȣҪ֪ʵ̫ˣû˭ﲻһ˿ηġ
ΨһԺԶѪᲢۣ֮ǿ塣
ȻǴʦˡǺӵصֻ֪֯ЩԶŻ٣ǲԭ
ȻԶŻˣѹ츳ôǿ󣡡
ŮҲǰ˵ͬ˿ɼܹһλԶŻˣ
ȻǴһλڰʦ˵Ļܶʦˡ
Ͼ츳Щʦ˿ɼģԶŻ˾ˡ
ī˹û뵽ܱ㱻ҴݣȻҪ֪һŵЩʦٶˡôһµģǷԶŻˣԳ֮ġ
ī˹Ҳ취Χ
峤˵ҳѪȻΪ˲ǳھ˵ⷬ˲Ļʵʧ
峤к֤ݣ֤㲢ԶŻˣ
ī˹˵
峤ͷҳ嵱еױ˶Уӳڣһֱҳˣһ㣬ӹɣ
峤һܳ¾ɵıóī˹ҲǽǱӵݸ٣ϸģ˵ȷкϸӳڵļ¼츳ôǿΪӳ漣һ֮飬֮ʦ֮˿ɵС
˳
ڤһƺҪѯױϼصǷȷģȷģ㻹沢ԶŻˣֻǴСˡ
ҡͷܣܵģױȾдõĶôڳôãǳһһ᲻֪ô
ױҲд㹻ˣѾΪڰʦûаʱվʦӣ㾿Ҫ뵷ҵʱ
峤һϣ޷Ļ
ڤ̺ڰ˵ĻͲţҳ峤óױȿɿ֤ݡ
ԭ㻹ǳʦȻ֮飬Ҳһ
ЩʦҲȻ
ʦüԭΪֶܸʲôãû뵽ֻûа֤ݾͳֵļһ
ŭȻǶңҲκνˣ죬ұҪ̨Ͻɱҿ˭ң
ӻͳһźɫƬȵڰ磡
̨棬һĽһ㣬澹Ȼȫˡ
ˣĺڰҪ̨ɱ㣡
Щǵ
峤ʩչǿȻƲڰ磬ʦ嵱ŷʦҲʦ䣬ڰ磬ضܹ⿪æҳʦ
ʦҡҡͷ峤̧̫ˣҲ㣬ڰ磬Ҳ޷⿪
볤ŭȣĺڰܽⲻڰģҪУʦͲηδǴвϼ޻
ī˹ҲüڰһУͿ淢ʲô״Ȼ㣬ҲԼʵƿڰģа㣬СһֱӲĺܣһҲҪ
ڰ統У㱻һɹɺڰ·ֻʣˡ
ԼԼֶ
ֻʣˣԼˡ
֪ԼԷʩչĺڰУֻҪԼƿκβġ
ڰ磬һУ㣬ҲµĽ統Уû˻ģֻ統ȥ
˵
ڤҲЦ峤ȻΪ㣬׶ǰĺã׼ֻЩǿʦͲ㣬ԣ㣬㻹ǷɣΪԽûԽʹ࣡
ڤʵϲµҲ峤Ϊ˱ݱع⣬Ҳ罫޸ĺãһ֮ǰ֪ģոոо˳֣ҲǾһж͸ˣȻﱻʦ֪Լݣ˵ԼܲҵǶ˹ףܷӳ涼һ⣬֮峤óףȴ
ȻһʼӡǼݵģȳжˮͰͣӴҲǸܵ˳峤ǵ񰮣峤ԸΪðոףЩ벻
ԣڰ磬ԼһҪƵģĻԲ峤Ŭ
常ڳ̨֮ϰܸ㣬ںڰ֮˺ȫڵʵҲѾִһµĸ߶ȣ̨Ϻһ
Ҫ㣬ֻɱŻһʹĸо
ڤ˵
ڰ磬ܹһֱڤСѾӵתʦ²ף
˵
ոնԸϹĴˣҲڻ֣
ڤ˵
ǵ˵˸ôֻΪ̨ϻôڿֻ統лɱˣ뿪ط
ɱǣ㣬ŴԲѣΪתʦ޵ô㣬ǰתʦˣȫתΪڰǿ˲ֹһҪɱ㣬׾٣
˵


1944 ޳
󱾾Ǵڤնɱģȴû뵽㴦Ļ֮¾Ȼûа㺦µ˼ƣҪɱԼ
Сǿޱ޼ʡ
һڤڰȻҲϵ̫ãĻЩϼһǷˣǻģ
ڤͷ常վһԿ㽫ɱҲһˬ죡
ȻҪָɵ㣬ղǷҲеɱСӸ̫ãĻԻ鷳ġ
ڰ統У˶֪еô
㵭˵
ڰ磬һУ㣬㻹Ҫ˾ô
ֻҪû֪淢ʲôͺˣֶԶ統аɣ
Բѣ㣬֪ʲôڰʦ
ȵȫɢһЩɫϢռ䣬Ҫɵ
վԭأûа㾪֣ƺžԵİջܶԷ
常㵱Сй
ڤΪ㿴ȥ̫ˣ򶨵˸ее¡
ս֮ޣɣ
ȵ
ڤ˸ܵһӴɢȻһĶ˳
ƵУȻһӴ

ս֮޳ֵһɲǣڰ綼ڲһ㣬İռǽս֮ްܵУڶָս֮ҲԼ㡣
Ȼս֮ޱԶŻػޣǽųȥĻȻҪǳ鷳
ڰ統УʦͲ
ս֮ޣ찡ԶŻػޣ
ǿ־֮ɫ
ڤȻȻﵽʲôһ常˵ػĸ֣ȻҲǼΪ־塣
еֻǿϧǷҪҹ棬ǵҵģ
˵
ȷҵģǽⲻܱ˾ĺڰ統Уͷս֮޽ûа֮ǡ
𣡡
ս֮˻Ѿ֪ҪԸǰһ
ô죬常
ʧߣû뵽Ȼӵ޵ģǽû취Ըˣ
˵
ڤЩ־常˵ǣǸ룿
ս֮ޣڤﻹаҪԸͷѺµҪֻβܱⱻս֮ɱ
ڰԺڰ֮ĺˮΪýʩչĺڰȻа취صڰ֮
˵
ûд򣬾Ҫô
Ц
Ǻȵˣٻս֮ޣҶҪɱ
ߣ
ƺ㲻Źǣڤգۼʧںڰ統С

ս֮ŭҡҡͷԭֲ֮øɱңֻ󣬲ͱҷɱ
㿴ս֮ޣʱֻܽУȵʱ죬һͶԲս
ս֮ܿʧںڰ֮УҲǽ˻ȥ

֮⣬Ӱ˸ȥ
ʦ˵統е׷ʲôˣѾ뿪ˣ
˭˭뿪ˣ
ߵʦʵ
ڰʦ
뿪ˣأںڰ統УѵѾ⵽ɱˣ
볤ϼ˵
峤˵ʦһа취ƿǲǣæȳ
ʦڿǣʱڰȻǰʧһӰ³̨֮ϡ
㣡
жЩ
ǵУЩʦûаϵⶼˣΪ⵽λڰʦİ㣬ûа˺۵ĳ̨ϣҲܸˡ
Ȼû
ϹϹ۶˰Ͳںڰ統С
ī˹˵㣬ӣڰ統УӦûзʲôɣ
ͼɱңûгɹ
˵
ãĻһΪûˣ
㽫ʦĹھӹʦЩΣ˵ڣôںڰ統ʲôûˣ
ɱң
˵
ʦзŹ⣬˵һʦĹھʵ飬㣬ϣ죬Һ˽˽ǳ
峤ԸĻȻᷴԣ
˵
ʦû뵽˵Ŀ⿴峤Ҫ֪峤ոտڰƾ㣬ûдӦ
峤ǰʦ̫ԼҲǵĽչʵ̫ιھãҲҪҪٶȣҪ罻
ʦ˵ǳԸǳʦĵã֪ɷԸϼ죡
峤ͷӦûΪ֮ǰʦѿ
صס޵ط˶һ·Źھ⽱ˤ˻ôģȳ˵˶⽱һֱʦţʦʦھǿٵͷһ⣬СӣҪΪаɣ
˵ĺãǲģ
˶Ц
˵Ӧ峤ģ峤ױ޸ģѱʦ׷ɱˣ
㣬ھԼõģұͲһЩȥӰ㣬ױҾμʦѾ޸ĺ˵ģڤѾΪڰʦǵĻûʲôŷģ
峤˵
ܸм峤Ͼ޸һ󹤳̣ǽûгĻȻǰװˡ
Ȼ֪СǰľǶѽ㵱ɳˣңǶ֪Ȼ뿪Σ
볤˵
Ҳǵͷû˵ʲôһоڲУصУϥڴϣŽ췢飬Źκһϸڡ
һϹʦʦȫ𺳣УҾܻӵϹ
ϹһɳȥʱǼλʦȫˣֶĳ֣ȫ̵ļƻ
ʵ̫Ȼҷںڰ統Уս֮޵ĳ֣Ƶɿ룡
ʦ⼸춼УһǶԳܸȤһ滹ǶĻŰɣҪ̽ң

Ȼ֪⼸ʦĺ磬ҲòԼϾֻҳ˹ףʦȼλǿʦɡ
Σ⼸ҶְܳĻпܲ
㰵Ȼڳ嵱лһλֵѣҶùھī˹ֻ̫ܰͰˣڰң⼸죬һҴ鱨


1945 
ī˹һֱܸмһˣҪ֪λϣɱī˹ջѡһ
棬һֱûкī˹ϵҲûнϣī˹ϣī˹ȻӦæֻҪҪƻллˣ֪ī˹μʦ֮൱Ȱ㻯ΪģȻЩī˹û˵㶼ܲ²ĳ
ĻǾܷŹġ
еʱī˹Ҳȥһط
ָӲ
ī˹ϵûжٻҵı飬ٻЩǣī˹˵٣ȲѾôΪ㻹ôأ
ī˹㲻λڸλ̫ҵĵǣϾûʦΪھ
ҡҡͷ
ī˹˵٣Ƿɵɣָӳǲģ
Ҳǵͷһ̣ûаƣһҪﷸ
˽ָӲȻ죺٣㻹ô
ָӳˣңʦûжڣҽͣ
ټæ˵
ǰһˣӥǣܷұװŸּһĻǹ죬֮ܶΪƵĳ١
Ҳ浱еָӳ
ôߺߣʧˣֻȥһЩеûĽͣ
ָӳˣϣپѣʦûжڣȫϹһˣ
˵
Ϲ̨ζԸ࣬ʹ˵Ļɫ˵˳ʦС֮飬츳˵ָӳˣҲûпǹ֮ǰɱǱסʦĹھ֮λӻһ
Ϲۣ
ָӳƺȥ˲٣ȻɳȻ֮£ҪǴȥʦۿۣпܻӰܲ
ֻϧһ޷ЩʦУϹƺûһ㣡
ʦܲΪصһȺˣǾҲǲܹǣҲʹЩЩʦ̫ݰ裬ϹۣȻ֮һָӳˣ֪ǣϹһ̸ȻµҴСУûнǾУ
˵
ָӳһī˹Сīһֱ鱨ŵľٳִ񣬿ʲô룿
ٳٸո˵ľʵϹۺϹûнǷذܣ̨ϱһһҲ
ī˹˵
һ佾ذܣ
ָӳ˵٣Ҫ֪ǰҵִʧ֮˵һЩһɣУʧܣֻһԭǾ㣬һΣҽĽͣ
ңûѡɱʦĻͲֹʧôˣ
һָӳǵûй˼ƺЩ佱δõҲǿī˹һۣСӻǸţ⣬ʧ׶༪١
ָӳˣʦʧʦھǺã
һʦģ٣û飬ȻȥɣСīһЩҪ˵
ٵͷ
ȵ뿪ָӲָӳ˵鱨ſʼҾͺܹעˣСīһֱǸصˣθٳıߵҲ㣡
ָӳ˿佱ˣٳҲλ쵼ĳ٣
мＸĺܣɵĲȸѧϰɣȻʺϵһ٣ٻԸȥȡģڶƴˣ
ָӳ˵
ȥָӳѾī˹ҲЩָܳӲصҵУҲǺѯָӳ˵ʲôī˹˵ָӳֻǺ˵һЩ鱨ŵ顣
ٶЩûʲôȤҲûжȥ

ڶ磬߳䣬Ŀ£Χٻݵζˡ
û߳ǿһӰഩһɫվڲԶҲ˹ȥЦ㲻ҵİɣ
ôôţ㣬Ҫ˵ǣʧô
㲻ʧģô
˵
Ůͷ̨ϵľž˵˵ģû뵽ͼļһ㣬ΪʦھĲʦܳأ
ң˰ɣһھˣ
ھǷڴ֮ǰûܴʦ¢ϣ֮Щʦʦʦĸ̨ˣ
࿴ȥкܶ໰Ҫ˵ҲЦЩ춼򣬵ûкúóȥߣ࣬ûʲôĻΣ
ȷûкúùЩ죬˾󲿷ʱ仹УҪȥ䣬ҵһŮ飬ֶΪ
ðҲҪӦһ飡
ǽҵĿģ
˵
ͷϴ̨ϾңҸҪ㣬ʳ;𶼼УҪԶٷ㿴Σ
ֺ£ҵȻܾ
Ц
ʵϣҲǸӰˣҪ̨֪ϵıҲܹ裬ԶԸŮӣʵǱȽϲģòԼģ˵ͨеŮ룬پܾȻЩ˰ɣ
洦ߣʦɲŮò·ɾ£Ҳһ԰Ľ
˳µҲǸ屻ŵķݣò˵ʦڳʵһֺܴĺ⡣
ʦסĵطҪȳʦסĵطҪʮ
峤ĸףҲǸˣǿ󣬵쵼ȴǼǿ嶼Ψհ
ţҲһЦݣ㣬һЩ㲻Ҫ˷ʱͷӻǴ󣡡
壬ʦҲҪԼɰ죬չ߻ħ
˵
ⱾĴ㣬̫񣬷Ļ߻ħΪѳɾ͵壬ԾҲûʲô⣬ⲻ;Բ߻ħ
Ҫ֪˹߻ħ±λʦлɳ˵ġ
żķҲбҪġ
óһ̳ϾƷϣҲ˵֣ȺȾƣȥ˸ǳԣ
ˣ
㿴һۣҲЩ棬ôƯŮĲ˾ʲôζġ
㣬һǧɽ𣬶˵ŮĲȣ
Ц
˼ǣֱͣƷζ֮
ǧɽԼһ룬һǧɽҲȷʵʧΪֺʹ졣


1946 
û뵽ҲǺˬ֮ˣҲǹЦҲǺһǧɽ
˺Ⱦڼ䣬ҲǽȴǴɫϾͲѿ⼸˵Ŀڸмá
Ʒ˼ڣͷ˵⼸˵оȻ̺ոΪʲô˵Ĳһˣ
ŮĲ˿˳׷ʦ˵ĻԲ嵱УֻײиԵĲˣ
Цݲãǰһֻ֮Ǹͨĸס
˵һʦĹھΪЩһپƲ˶ѣ㣬㲻ҪôȰɣ
ոչȣʵҲ⸸Ů˿ԼԵķǳģȻپƲҲȷʵ˼ƣҲ˸ǵ˼
˵㣬ǲǽлᵽĻܺӦģ
壬дôãлᣬұضȥ忴λ
ŮҲϴСˣ㣬ҾƷܲҺܺˬû֮ˡ
˼Ͳȫѻ˵ڱϣϺɬ֣ŵһͣ˵ýǵҲأֲûҪϹţ
УϹţȥ˵ýҲûԸˣǸˣûˣ㲻´£
㣺СΣ
⡮СеŮһ㣬㻹еҪε˼û뵽Ǳ߻ûиº磬ȸˡ
壬Һ໹ûӴ̫ãóȻͰѻ¶ˣЩװɣңôã˵ʵ治ȱˡ
˼ǲҪŮˣ
Ƣ˵
ҡҡͷ˺ôԼԷԼҪžܾȻ²̨ģ˵ҵ˼ȽӴӴǶн˼ĻͶ
СشҾͷˣ˵ǸεˣƷҪҪּûκݣǵڶԹĲ˵ˣ
˵
㿴һۣû뵽ŮͶԼ˼ˣЩԼһֱæû뵽ȻľɫŮԼˣ
ദһǳελãҲǽΪ뿪סҲǺܿȥˡ
ȼҲ˵ѵôôȥôã
彫ʦĿľΪ˺ǽģһ磬ǲûյʦϢҲǾЩŹ֡
ҡҡͷ峤ҳ˸ѣұΪ˻ǵģǻǲ̫ǣ
˶˵ǶʦھѵǲӦоôһȺԴļһ
ʦֻҪоˣ
˵㣬Ϊİȫеǣ
û£ҼȻһὫģ
ܳס
żʦǱضԼģڴ֮ǰԼֻҪ״̬ˡ
һֱ죬˶ķš
۾ҲǴʲôˣţ˶˵㣬ʦȥһˣʲô
ã
ͷΪҪǶأ
˶Щģǵͷ
ȵϵʱ򣬳еʦҲǵִãʦ̽ĵطһãҲǿϹֵܾڲԶĿ׺ݣǿһ㣬ʦڳĻǰ㼸䡣
峤ǶˣǰЩԲû峤һʱ峤һۣ£
ʦ˵
峤˵ʦˣǳʦﶼкη
峤Ǵ콫λĿľǺ̽ͬ
ʦ˵ʦһˣС֮飬Ҳ֪֪켣
峤˵ױϺļһЩ켣ȻǺϸʦֻеĸˣо켣ʵûﵽͬЧ
ʦаǳЩһҪоôҲ뿴㵽ǲԶŻ˰ˣ
ų峤棬ʦϻȻЦݣ峤˵ҲԣУҼλʦܺͬǳϽõУҶ⽻
۲쵽˵ļλʦܣʦ¶ģ⼸λʦҲ嵱мΪǿʦҲ˵Ǽ˶ʩչӡ˹ġ
ʲô취ҳǵ˭أ
г˼
νʵ̫ܣһ棬ǼλǿʦͲм⼸λϣһߵʦҲûҪͶԷϾԷԼƨأ
ǼλʦǽĿ⿴㣬ȤȶԳҪǿ̫ࡣ
˵ʦһ²ָܷ̣
ҲǵͷĺܻϲСӻǿ㣬ҵıµġ
ͽҪ̨ɱңǿڿ˵ԶŻˣҲ֪Ϊʦһ㣬ǰ𾪣ѵԶŻˣǾҪҲɣ
ʵ
ԶԶŻǺӵǿ壬Զ齨ˡɱԶŻˣȴǼΪܵ飬һЩгϣ˶֪顣
ʦҲΪ㲢ˡ飬ҲﰵڰʦǺΪ˵СԶŻ˾ܽĵɱǡ
Щ򣬾ҪǷԶŻˣ⻰ȫ;˵ĻǷƨˡ
ԶŻԽԽϡ٣ҪԶŻ˵ĻҵȻþȣΪѾܾûпԶŻ˳ֹˣ
ʦ˵
˵ҼԶŻˣ

ʦоȡ
ԶŻ˺в֮ôܻûм
ҡҡͷ
֮𣿡
Щʦȫ档
ǲµҪ˵ʲôȳҲǺܿϣͲҪˣ㣬ʱûбĲô궼ȥˣѵҪǱ𲻳ô
ΨһˣЩһɱҷҪ𣡡
˵Ҳ̾ȷӦ֮죬ȻµԼҪ˵ʲô
˼ԶŻɱˣܳǣǲǣ
ʦʵ
ҲǣûмһԶŻˣڳΪʦĹھȻûҵǣ
˵ʦҽҲҪǣûԶŻ˵䣡


1947 Ϊ˱
ֿټ֮ǰȳϵϣʦҲǶĻŲɣȻҲû뵽ǵԶŻˣһޡ
ʦаˡһֱļǱ˽Уһֱˡų⣬ǳǧţҽȥˡ绢
ȻԶŻˣʦҲǷ¶ĽģŲ롮ˡһʧ
ԶŻ˵ô㣬ҪѰǣ
֮߱ˣ죬ôŬ˱û
˵ɢһơ
ϹֵܸܵӴƣǲ˵ǳߣֲ̨Ϻͷ蹷һ
һ۸ոճԲѷϹۣҲǲ˵ˣϾ̨ϱѵѾˣʦʦʦûжùھҪʹġ
ɣ㣬ͺ˶ʱˣͬ峤ԼλϻһҪ̣⣬Ժٴ㣬Σ
ʦ˵
ȻµҪ峤˵ʲôҲûаƢͺ˶뿪ĵ
㣬ǽ֧Ҫﰡʲôǲ֪ģ
ˡ
˵ġˡƻһֱų⣬Ҳǣڳ嵱Уڡˡһ˶ʦ֪顣
˶Ҳ˵׸ոĵͰȳ˵ĻˣɻˡУ
ֻҪǴݵĻɣҳס
ԭˣ㣬νǱУвΣգ
˶Щġ
ЦûʲôΣղΣյģǰڵĵһ仰죬ʼҪģ
ĵطô
Ӧǰɣ
ʵҲûаգڵһͨĸĸΪԶŻѪأ
Ȼͷʼ˵긽統УϴԶŻѪ飬ȴûн
ǿȥԼϢϢصԶŻеĴ˵٣ҲֻС١ܽ͵Լ
ͺ˶صУ˶ֻǾ˲ã峤ͼλ϶Ѿˡ
ȳ˵㣬ĿѾﵽˣѾȫǳˣҲԶŻޣ
ӦҼ롮ˡɣ
ʵ
㣬Ƕ֪Ŀĵģڿǲٱˣ
лҰæǽƾһ֮Ѳ֪ˣ
м˵

գǰĵʦҲӭĵ˿ֻмλǿʦǶúĿ⿴㡣
㣬Ѿҵļƻ㣬ôڼ롮ˡΣ
ԶŻ˺֮߱ǰ֪Сˡ֪֯ĻƴҲҪУ
㼤˵
ȱҲʦʮַģˡԶŻΪУһ롮ˡ˶ԶŻˣк壿ո˵ĻΪֿҲһ˿Ϸ
ȻƼ롮ˡϾֻһʦûоԵȨУܷУҪԼŬ
˵
ͨ鲻ɣ
ÿ꣬ˡἫΪصŷļȻֻļǡˡŵҪ󼫸ߣǵлɸѡһСֶŽУ
ǿ黹С
˵
Ϲӵ츳ģ̨ϰܸ㣬ҲǾûϣ롮ˡ꣡
˵ȻС֮飬֮ʦڵĳɳ͹Ƴԣ롮ˡĻἫߣ
ʲôʱǿ飿
ʵ
˵Ӧÿˣ죡
ͷҲǴӦ˵ʦһֱҲǺ棬ܷͽ̣
ͽ̲ҵȷȷʵʵ浱Ϊǿ㣬ҲĻʵԴԽǿǿ
˵ǷҲ֮鲻ްϵֻǿϧ㲢ˣĻضڻǿ
ЩźȷŲˣ붼ЩϧϾУǼģ츳ǿͲܻϹ
ˣҲǲ֮ˣڤڤ֮컯ʦϹʱҾƺʩչĽҶΪ棡
˵
ӵвٽϹѧĲƤëѣ㣬Ҫ롮ˡҲԼˣҲŸ㣬ĽԿԽλȥ˺ˣ
Цǽ
Խλȥ˺ˣ
һʹ˹ǱĽӡ˺ˣȻԺӡ֮Ϊó
ʲôǰ
Ǹӵӡ֮ǵ峤δʶǷ
ӡ
ȣѵλ棬ʦ׽ɱ
ڣûôһԶλļһֱģӡˣ
˵ʵ㣬ˡֻҪͽӵĺǣ弸λʦǻʩչӡ
Ҳ⡮ӡֲܿأ
˵
ͷ˵ֻҪ⡮ˡǵ飬Ʒ⡮ӡζǵĿĶһԶŻˣҵǴӲѱ䣡
˵ǳ˵֮ˣҲƽ֮ѵ⡮ӡûô
㣬СӻеоԺеͷӣȻƽ⡮ӡ
˵Ҹ㣬ӡֻʩλʦԽ⿪Ļӡ޽⣡
һˡӡΪǿ˽ڵӡѹסĻöʱͻ
ȻĻûõõϢ֤ʵһ㣬ǲҳʩչӡ֮ˣûӴ˹ڵӡ
еĽȤһ㣡
˫һֻϺꡣ
˼Ƭ̣˵浱л֪ûԶŻˣӡ֮ôЩԶŻλ棬ҶܶԸǣ
Ϊ˱ô
΢΢һЦͷ˵ԴΨһҪ壬Ӵ˳ΪˣԸ⣿


1948 ᶨ
ջ
ջԽΪɣ˳壬壬ȻҪǿδʵ
Ҫ֪һʦῴδǱ޿ȻѾӦ롮ˡܳΪˣõУʶǿʢһΪ顣
Ȼ֪Էʲô˼Ҳ˵ʦȻУǳ弸λԼ峤缺Ҳʱ뿪壡
ǰһ⻰˼Զʱ뿪壬롮ˡУֻҪܵǿȻȻͻ֪Ϊһôҫˡ
Ҳǲȵ뿪ĵھ޵ļλʦվһʦ˵ʦ֣ҾƺСˣȻ츳ǿϾˣʲôʱȱܣҪô
£Ϲֵܣô
Ȼ㣬ʦеٮٮߣȻʦϣǱܣҲǲڵʵ
֪ͺãҵӣʲôˮƽһ᲻֪ôûг֮ǰҴӲΪϹᶪʧʦĹھ
˵£ţҲǷеȼģǶţΪˣǵҫ
ʦ֣Ͼû˵Ѫһ嵱λȨأǸǺã
ϲȨ֮ôֻжԶŻ˵ĳޣˣһֻսϴ̵ģ
Ц
ǼλʦͷҲǾ˵ĺеСһֱԶӡһҪѧϰЩ֪ôҪ֪ǲʩչһΣ
ֻűҲû֪ĸӣ
˵ܡˡͻļˣҲ뿴㵽׻ֳǱ

ĵ뿪Ҳ˼⡮ˡļˣԼʵҪȥӦûģǡˡҪԼߣǸѰף
ҽĵУԵѾȷӡǼλʦһʩչģ˵ʵǼλʦʵ㶼޷ܵжǿ
ͨ죬㶼Լĵǿ̫࣬Ļ׭޷ԶŻѪϢ
һߣʦضſԼԶŻϢȻİռ䵱еҲǸպöԷһ
ԱڵʵԶԸǣô죿
ᵱС
λʱ򣬾֪浱оգԸðնǺܶΣնѾɹҪҵ׵ʱȴǷˡ
Ͼҵȴûץλ棬ʲô˼
·ŵʱһҲǴ㣬ӣһǷʲô飡
˵ī˹պûصû뵽㡣
⼸ƺ
ȥһָӲȴȥһȫĵط
ī˹˵
ī˹ķݵУī˹Ҳ˵ȻʦϵĹھͣҺ̫ϤĻǻǳ鷳ģ
ĵǶԵģҲҼ롮ˡˣ
ʲôҪ롮ˡ
ī˹Ծ⼸ôô˵ǴӦˣ
Ҿ
ȷǴ˶ݵɣһֱǱųڡˡ֮壬ͻȻ롮ˡЩ벻
㽫Լ˵ԶŻ֮ĳ޵ī˹߻Ȼѹ֣˵츳ٸߣҲܻ᷸հ㣬㻹ǽ
ҡҡͷҸո·Ͼ룬ҵλʦҵʱǶ֣ù
ī˹˵½֮ʱҴûܳɹ㲻һδεҿ漣ĵһµʱ䶼ûȻʦϻϹֵδʧĹھС㣬ϣǰһɹģ
мͷ˵ĶԣϣǰһҪŬĻ֮ǰŬ׷ˣҵİ
˵ģԼ֪ΪʲôҪôİ㣬Ϊλһ·ֻϣɹ
ī˹˵˶ٽ˵ˣո˵Ҫ롮ˡôǼǱ飬Ҫ˵
ͷ
֮Ϲס޵ĵطüͷ壬ʦǲЩݹסĵطġ
Ϲʲô
˶ȵ
ϹʱڰУһн˶ܣϹĵܵϹŮ˶ҪײжԸˣ˶֮Աǡ
ģ
Ϲ
ڱչصУʲô飬ֱӺ˵ˣ
Уʦ˵ˣұҪ㣡
Ϲҡͷ
ߣǳסĵطҶ˵ڱչأѵ㻹Ҫô
˶˵㻹ǲΪ㣬ڻģҪƻ߻ħ
˶ԷϹҲŭܾ֮Ҳ˼ǰ˵ⷬŲ㳢
˶һ˿η壬ϾϹɢҲǾ˵ģڼλϺ峤ȥˣʵϾֻˡ
ϹԸԼȻǶԷ֡
Ҳú˶ЩˣϾոڣϹһ仰סڴʱȴǴˣüͷ΢壺Ϲ
˶֣ҲǺٻһ㣺ǰܾ֮ôǰʲô
ߣ
ϹðҪ㲻ǰĻһƽ˶ɣǰЩҷϾܸӰʵ̫ˡ
ʦ֪ͨ㣬ʮ㣬̨ϣˡǿ߻һ飬ǼϸĻܽ롮ˡ
Ϲ˵ƺЩ˼
Ҫ֪ԭʦ˹ھȥ̨ܼ˾ˣ롮ˡҲϹһֱԸ
֪ˣʦ磬ұضǰ̨
˵
ϹҲûһϾ̫ѹˣűԼǿ˾վԼǰѹûͷš
㣬Ϲ㣬㣬ͼְһ
˶Ц
ҡҡͷңǲңϾֿɵõĹھˣ˵ʵҪĿģھĲϡ
ϹҪ˵⻰ҪѪ
˶˵ܿǿٴν뷿ݵУ㻹ڷܣҲҪֱ׷С


1949 
ڶʮ㣬̨֮ϡ
岻ʦʦҲУϹЦݣƺڴ顣
̨滹мλˣϵ·ǽƳɣʹվ̨Щʮζ
ʦԭһΪƼԼĵ롮ˡû뵽ȴƼһλʦλʦںδأҪٵ˰ɣ
һλ˵
ʦҲǹ
׷ִģ롮ˡһֱ飡
ġ
ϹϹһ߶ʦӱǻߣǲûõʦĹھ¾Ҫ乬ˣƣ
Сˣ
Ϲ˵
ԶͰȳϵҲǺܿ쵽
ʦ˵٣ҲĿԴ㵽׻չֳǱ
ʦǻṫ¹ģ
λٵͷ
վ̨̨ҲǾҲκһˣϾǼΪص顣
㣿
˵ͷ˵ķǵУڼݣǺӵеͨﷸĻߺߣ
ͨﷸǼǱ֮ǰĿô
ţ㣬Сӣǡˡļ¼ҲиС㡯ӷһֱ׷־͹Ҳ֣Ȼǻ򣡡
Ǽ˵
а֮ǰī˹ǱʱŻļ裬Ҫз
ʵǼڵѪҺܶȣͬڵѪҺܶǲͬģܿǳˡ
ǼҡҡͷԶŻˣڸǱɣ
Ҳǵͷ
㰵ң׭ܹʱıѪҺܶȣĻԼԶŻ˵Ҫ¶ˡ
ļеĻҪ򵥲٣ȫ⣬ÿμһĿǼλж¶˼Ŀ⣬ʦҲһȡ

˵ʦ۹Ŷܱھʵ
Ҳû󵽣ȻSţ
Ǿ֡
ڡˡļУAѾܹ롮ˡˣ㣬ȴͻơ
Sţ
Ϲֵܽ񣬶Ǿ쳣ֲҪ֪ŷΪSABCDԭ˶ϣΪAţʧȥʦĹھʦ˵BţҪۣȴû뵽ȻSţ
Сֲ̫ˣ
㵹ǶԼʲôûʲô뷨ϾֻҪͨˡļˣһ;˵׻Ŭ
㣬ûʲôĻھǡˡĳԱˣ
ٶ̬Ⱥ˲١
˵Ҫʲô
ȴ
ʲô˼
ǽһļãǽһΪרҵѵ
ʱڣֻܴô
ʵ
ǡˡĳԱıţǺӵУ㶼߶ȻʼҪǵݣڿʼ㲻ֻǳʦ
˵ˡȫǺӵеһ롮ˡҫ
ϴЦ⣺򵥵˵ǺӵУԺԺô

˵СӣֻԺɲ˵
뿪̨ҲǿȣţҪѾඨˣǿԲûҴˣҲ׼ʱλһˣ
Ҫȥô
ûΪ㺰ŶеŭȥһҲãϾվļңʱǵǳ壬֪ô
ţһҪȥһˣ
˵
ҪҵȻī˹Ψһѡ
Ҳֻī˹ܹﵽ
ī˹ķ䣬ڷоޣҲǴţ㣬ļӦú˳ɣ
ǲ˳ĻܿſľͲˣ
ʧģ˵ʵ㻹ǸðգȻڡˡﷸвۣٶиȻûа㵣ǣ
ǵǣҲҪ㣬ʱҪȻλһˣҲûļˣ
һ㶢ŵģȻ㲻ʲôǰСæǲģ
ǫ飬ʦϣ֪ûٰңӲǷˣʲôգұض
嵱мûѣû뵽ȴǺһ˽ѣǷ̣
ī˹Ц
뿪ʱŮ໹˱뿪ıӰһ˿㺣óŮҲϲ㡣

λ档
뿪Щ쵱Уڰ׼ҵЭ֮£ɹͳһ
ʵûȥ̫ս£ϾΪһ֮ҲҲܺ൱ǿߡ
УҲ֪ʱ֮١
ʦǶǱǵĳƽʱеĴ󲿷鶼ʦǸȨǳˣҲ˳ɹѾǱһ֮֮ϵʱȴ۵ĸϻ硣
ʦ϶Ѿû糯ˣҪҪǱ
ǰЩǶѵüһΣҪЩ޵Ҳˣһλ춼
ЩԱɡ
ʦϣüͷ΢壬ŭǻϣ˭Լϵĵˣǰңһж
ʦЩɵ˶ˣҪ֪ƾʲôɣڱ˭ͲɣҪ֪Ȼͳһ֮Ҳǳ֣ʵ̫࣬ÿһʦ϶ۣʹֵĸо
ЩԱʦŭµĲҿһλԱ˵ʦָھͺˣصľָӣǳ֣϶ֲ̽ٹµģ
㣿
ʦͷǱܳ˲ţ˵ʵǰһô֮ҾǱĸǣѾ뿪λܾˣĻҸԸҵλãҲȷʵܹʤΣ
ʦ˵ҲȫﻰУҲֻˣһλǱһλ㡣
ȵЩԱʱʦϣ΢΢̾ϢϰϣҹȴǽôηϳļϣҶ֪һΪֵأָӣڱоͲôҵ鷢أ


1950 ɱ
λ棬¥
ϰķ˿ԽԽ㣬ҺȺߴˣ
̨˴ŰɫñӣǾ¥Ļƣ˵ϰǰ˹˹ǵҲ൱˳Ǿ鹫ҸΪҪ˭֪и㣬ǱԸƽֽɽǿߡ
Ҿ¥ԭͰ˹µģߺ󣬰˹ҲǾӪǳ𱬡
˹ȻǳʦϲˣᵽѧϰգȻĲҲԽԽɿڣȾ¥еһЩʦҪĺóԡ
Դˣ¥еĴʦһֱ˹аæ˵þ¥ӻ𱬡
ǰ˹ȴֻƽʱŪСˣ¥еĻƳԣԭ
ô£ȻǲгԵӬģϰվ
ȥǽеļһڲҰֽϵ̲˵˵ϣһ¥Ϊ⼸еĿⶼ۽
ոջڿ佱ϰﷹİñ˹ȥĿ⵱дһ˿أλ͹٣ô£ⷹѵô
ҪӽֻӬӲҳȻƨ棬ſüô
ûɫ
ñ˿˵ϵķˣҵӬ˵λ͹٣вӬĻʦٸǼһݷ˱ǣûҪ󶯸ɸɣ
󶯸ɸꣿϴܲأ
һݣӿӬͶģ˵ǵϰķ˵ǲǽǵ棬һٿɿڵķˣˣĻߺߣҪǾ¥Ȯ
ñŭȻ⼸˾µģҴԲѣȻҪϰˡ
ǵԼ˭ΪǾ¥ϰô
λǾ¥ڱãȻµģ
ñüͷһ壺µģǾ¥
ܿ죬¥ſڵĻ˽ǼλȴһЦƾô
λǵеϴһƻҵŷһƽЩȫɳȥ
һ¥˶ŵĿ࣬û뵽ǳԸѣȻײе飬ΪŵЩ˷Űۣ˲
зɱ¼⻹ǽڵеĵһ
ñŵû£Ϊ¥еĻԺͶԷ⣬û뵽Ȼ˲һظô찡
ҵĹôڵأ㣬ǼǱǳǽɽկϵկλϴͳʮɽկôǼԶٷҪǻӣ
ñ˱һһڵϣʹ
ס֣
һ
Ƕȥ˶ͬʱ¶Цݣ¥Ůϰﰬ˹ţѾܾûлصⱱУҲǶ϶Ⱜ˹ԱϷһ
ɽկկɵľǴҽĹϴ˵¥ϰ
˵ڲԵӬˣô
ȻȻɽկկҲ᲻ģҪûԵӬ˵أ
ҵĻѾ˵ǳԵķ˿ȫһ飬ΪǲϣҪɱЩô
˹˵
ɱĻָǶԸǣǴűƲѽɱģ˵ϰǵҪܼ򵥣ֳٷ˾ˣΣ
֣¥еп͹ٶȥѾԵķȫⵥԺǻǾ¥һ٣
˹Ը
ҲǴ˹ո˵Ļһ飬ЩԿ͸̾һϰã뿪˾¥
˶֧ˣϰﲻϲ˶ʱչ¶أ⣬⣡
ʲô֣
˹ʵ
ųɽկ֮˵С椣ɰʱȻҵˣ㻹ҺܸȤҵԼˣǵϵ˶һݸ磡
Ҳ°ɣ
˹ЩûȥĻԼñ˲֡
ȵǶ뿪󣬰˹˵Ҳ֪ǵΪʲôҪ£ɱǾ¥ĻˣҪѪծѪ
˹ɱ߻ħ֮ԸһֱǼΪº͵ģǱʶУ˹ӰȻڡ
Ŀþ¥еĻɱҲǽеһ漤ˡ
ݸһЦС˵ʲôҸոջûأ
ϴ˵ҪѪծѪҪɱأ
˶ƤЦ
С椣ҿѪծѪѪҵľѪҪȥϣһ֪ʲôѪģ
ݸ˵

˹ϱŷһǿơ
Ҫ¥һ㣬ݸһʲôСѵǾǿ߲ɣ
Ȼɽկ֮ΪҲǼǿλϵȵǿߣǸոȴǱ˹ɢѹס
У˵Ҫʩչɷӡڱһ˶
˹аҪҲʩչɷЩ˾ԲŹҵģɱǾ¥еĻӦѪծѪ
ģװŪɣҿɲСصǿߣ
һλկȵ˫ȭ̤鲽Ű˹ȥ˹˵һȭҲǼᶨԼ뷨ɱ
ȺӦ
Ȼ˹ûнɷʩչȥһȴǸջ˳ֱӽǰկɱ
⡭ʲô
ݸԼ˫ۣҪ֪С椸ûжأôܽ˸ɱˡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ݸⰬ˹ЩɭˣҲЩ飬ϾⰬ˹û֣ѾɱһҪǻ˵ã
˹ҲЩȣȴ򶨵ĺܣ˵˵ҪѪծѪߣ
ѧĿ˹Ҳη塣
㡭
ݸȻ־壬ҲʹȥǶڱ˴˾š
Ů˶ǻᣬǹǲ̫ϧᣬ׼
һӾ¥⴫
ʲô
ǻûӦһӰǳڰ˹ԡ
һ£ȴǲʧ㣬˫䣬˫ֱ԰˹ǹճһЦСӣڵԽԽˣҪڵɷɱô㣬Ҫˣһģ
ҡ
˹ҲǾԼûпȴ˵˭һȥȥôõأұ۸ˣҲû˰æ
ϴ󣬺̫żǿϢҰ˹˾㣬ǣ
㣬㣿
ݸ缸ǲ˵
ãһλɱĵһ˾ǣ
Ц
ܰ
ݸŵȫҪȥ֪ԼͲԼƿˡ
Ҳˣǿ־֮ɫͲ֪ȴǵĽĶˡ
۾ɱ˿ɲʲôÿĻأ
㿴˹һЦڲݸУȴħЦݡ


1951 ƶƻ
ݸŵҪˣƫƫ㻹ںͰ˹̸˵˶˵ָӣ۲ʶ̩ɽˡǣǷҲ̤뱱һˣ
ݸһǼ˶ˣҲǸϽ¹һ磬ᰡҪ֪Ůˣ֣
Ǻǣ۵ֶ֪ڻ˵᣿ȥɣ
˫ââ˲䴩͸⼸˵࣬ǵʬѪʧھ¥УǴûгֹһ㡣
˹۾Ǿ¥λɱˣȥòָǼ׼һʰҷѣ㣬ɲ͵͵ߣ
ô᣿Һòһأ
˵
ص˵ķУⷿİ֮ǰûȻżȣÿӼƷһζãȻ˹ķûлָĹЧζȴϲ
ǣ
˹ƿſӣҲ¶Цݣÿ춼ڼ˷ϣǲ֪ʲôʱŻǻˣҵĵȴҲûգã
ɵŮˣҪһͷųȥɷ᳹׺㣡
˵⼸˵ķϣҾͲˣ
ôȥȥôð
еĻҪӣī˹ңڻǱѾȶסˣ
˵˹λֻǶʱڵģһûܰҵλʩչӡʦʼջҪصģ
㣬˵ҲҪ뿪λ棬ҪȥʹҰɣұ֤㣬ҲҪΪðգԺ󶼲ͷɷˣӡҲµģ
˹˵
ҡͷУȻڵӡѹסˣҲֻʱģȵѹƲסӡˣȻΣգģҲΣյģȵҽץסͿԻ뿪ˣ
˹֪ѾҲǵͷ⼸Ҫúң׼
ȥһҲЩʱûкͱúˣ
˵

ǣ
ʦͼλԱڵ۹£һʿҴҸ˽ʦҪ

ʦ˵
˹Сľ¥鷳ˣ
鷳
ʦ˵ôܣ˹Ůˣ˸ȥ£
еļλԱҲţ˵УȫĵطǼҾ¥ǵڶȫĵط
ʦҲ֪飬ڸոհ˹Сǲɢй˿ͣЩ˿˵ɱˣ˵мúһļһҪϷ˹С㣡
ˣ
ʦŭ⣺ˣȻ˹ҵϷҪǰ¥Щһǲͷۣ
¥£ʦޱҪ˹Ůˣ뿪λ棬ԼҪչ˺á
ôոճأƺ˲õϢ
һ
ʦȻڵУɫһ䣬̹ϣľ¥ˣ
Ѿ֪ˣ
˵
ھʹǰ¥ЩµˣһŹ
ʦ˵
㵽˾¥ǰ˹Ҫ°ˣ͸߹㣬¥ΧҪڶߣζð˹ܵ˺Щɴ
˵
ʦսս˵ϣ⡭
ѾҪȥȰ˹ˣþѾˣ
˭
ʦƺ뵽ʲôѵ㣿
еļλԱҲһָѵˣ
ȻҲŸոջѾܵҵϢ
ЦʦҲǾϲȻָӣû뵽Ļأ
˵ͷϢΪǰôңҲ޷ܵĳ֣

ҲЦųУ˵·ϣҲǷֱб仯̫ڵı̫ˣһӵĸо붼ʦĹͰɣ
ʦһ۱˵ҿɲǱ쵼з򱱱Ҳ˷
ʦô⻰ЩԹ˼أ
˵֪ЩҶڱչأ㣬ȷʵЩˣԺͲˣѾسɹ󽫻вʱڳ棡
ʦϽҡͷʦԹϣⶼϳĵΣ
ˣˣλʱ˰ɣһЩҪ˵
˵
ȵʦ뿪Ҳ˵ұΪ㻹Ҫʱģû뵽Ȼô죬ѵͰǼ飿
΢΢ҡͷҪǰ˾ͺãǳʱŻһ˵ģ
Ҳ˵֮㻹Ҫȥ棡
ǼѾЩüĿˣһץ˹ʦ
˵
㣬ܸоʵƺǿ̫࣬Ƿ㣬ںεȵĻٶȶһˣ
ڵҲǿ˲٣Ҳмƻ
˵ûҲλȥˣ
˵ԽԽʵǸƻˣ
Զô
ӲдʱգΪ˿ˡһ죬ǽ޶ɱı˳𣡡
˵
Ҫ齨һ֯ԶԿǣҲףҵǺӵеĻˣ
˵浱УһԶŻ˵Ӱ޷ܳ
ˡĴڶԶŻǻԵģûĸ˸ͷԼϢǺӵУԶŻȻѾʣ࣬ȫǾлԿˡ
˵Ѿ˳ƻ
ţƺʵּƻ

е棬齨֯ԸˡȻ֧֣Ѷϵ̫ߡ
ԶŻ˱ˡȵķɢûܷˡȫΪҲһԶŻ˵֯
Ҫż֯ܶԿˡȻҪһλԶŻˣǺӵж֮ˣ
˵
˵ǡ١
˵
ҲֻԶŻٴһˣ
˵
Ʈ죬û֪ںδ
ԣҪ齨֯һģڶҪ١
˵ҲֻܹԶŻˣֻǣǸһһңڣҲʱܹˣ
취Ҫܽ١Ǽһҳ̫ˣ
㶼һҪ֪ɭλʱҪһᡮ١ˣΪܾλ١ƺ֪ܶʼ涼˵顣
ȵȣôҸоƺǿߵ½λ棿
˵
˵ͬʱҲüȻҲǸܵˣЩǿ߶ڣλϽһս


1952 λǿ
λϵһ̲ϣˮɽ޴Ĳ˷ˮУһֻԾ𣬳嵽еʱȴǴʼŷһѪˮڿ
вοͣǿѪɽһĻĪֻţһʱҪߣ
ȻҲмλӺܴοȴںغǾ⺣߻ᷢһЩǱѰ飬ǲᡣ
Хٴηվں֮ϵһˣ磬ȫźɫƷͶ֮йɰȫƣһͲҽӽ
ǼλӺܴοͶһЩλϵߣʵһ㣬ǵӹ󣬿⼸ȻҲǺ£Ƕ㵽ʯ棬û뿪˼
λôһƶĵط൨С󣬺ЩŵɢȥĵطֲԶҲǺӣ
ֻҪ׷ͽ˹飬Ļ˭ԸĹطأ
˵ʦŮӡõģֻ̽ȻһԶŻˣ
ֺ㣬ŮɭλɱԶŻ˵еĻˣ

һһɵţǴӺϷܵʯӰҲЦλҲЩӴļһأҶ͵ô
һƵһЩʯȻȫը飬ЩӰڵ֮Ƕֻˡ
ԭֻǺҪ⺣̲ᷢʲô飬û뵽Ǻ澹Ȼּļһǵʵ֮ǿͲЩܲ̽ģڱ¶λǿǰ־ı顣
Сĺһǵǰô
һ˵
㣬ǵ˭ֻҪ⺣̲ϻᷢʲô飬Ƕûжģ
ǿ־
˵ʲôôûж⣬Ϊǵʵܶжôô
С࣬͵͵飬͸
һλƢļһ
˶ûгȻһƽǼȫɱ
׻ִģɱ˵ģ
ߣǲСˣϧ
λļһԭΪ׻
ҲӦ׻ƢԶŻ˺֮ǣҲޣɱ಻ô
ˣǾȻصܲĻ׻λ涼ٵ

Ҳǻص¥βûѡǴŰ˹ȥ֡
˵ʵڱǼΪڽֵϣܶƽͶĽĿ⣬ȻЩҲǺܿϳ
Ͱ˹һ磬˹ãϸ˰˵ζԭҪʳ㣬Ҳǳ뷹
㣬һֱķˣָоã˵һŮҸʱ̾ڴˣ
ɵϣҲϣԵķˣҪøǿĻҲһֱһûκ赲ǣ
аǰ˹Ҷ˼ǣϦһһġ
㲻Ϣ˹ã˹˯֮󣬱ڴϣɢɫâɫâҲǽ
Щǿʮа˳ǡˡĳԱӦûΪ˰˹۽׭¥ǵ޷̽˹Ϣ
㰵
ʶǿ󣬿֪ڷλ
ǻǴȻȥұѰ
ӦѾ뱱Уȥ
ܿ죬棬ӰУЩͲʲô飬ֻоһ紵˱֪ĽС
λҹãûоǿеǿߣ
УзЩ챱ۣ˿һҲ˵Ǹոһͳı
ͷ
ǵ㲻ֻ֪ҪһŮ˵䣡
һŮˣ
˹
˵ǱˣǱа˹ŮҲ٣ҪҰˣѣ
Ц
£ʲô͸ʲô޴࣬ǰѵΪԼǸô
׻ȵ
һ䣺λұû׷ǵѾ御ˣǻңߺߣ浱Ǻǵô
׻Ҫŭϵļ˰סҪʲô˵λϵߣǽɱƻλƽ⣬ǻܵĳͷģ
ˡĳԱȻǺӵܹأǺߣǾ̫ɱ޹ͽһλɱƻλƽ⣬ǡˡģϾǲ롮ˡ̫á
ҵŮǺӵеﷸģҪİ
Ǻӣ
ǳƺеԶˣ
˵
ɣҸ㣬ԶˣԶĸѾ֤ܶණ˰ɣһ㣬˫ܺù
ԶҪвôҪ֪ҰǳӣҲܽна˹Ůȫҳ
һ˼
ģǿ࣬ǷᣬǰΪԼأ
׻˵
ǰ˹֪ϢôˣǸû׷ٵ׻ֻһܰﵽǣ򶨵㣡
һɣ׻ҲǲԸıˡ
Ȼ˵Ҳ˹ôܷǽһҳô
ʵ
˵Ҫ͵һʲô𣿡
ЩˣˣԶŻˣϢΪ죬ǼˣĻǸ޷̽⵽ǼһĴڣ
λ˵󲻴˵ССЩ鷳

Ҳа⼸ˡĳԱûͰ˹Ϣˣİ취޴ȻҪñǽн㣬˹ֵҳⲻԲвİ취ô
ȻȻڿۣҲŰ취˫Ĭһ֮ȴܽ
ϣָӣ˵Ҫ
ָӣ
ڵ⣡

ͷ
ʲôָӣ
һ˺ʵ
ǱеָӣֺҪҵҲһ㣡
˵
㣿ѵԶŻˣ
Ƕ
ʱ⴫ŲһӰܿڼǰ׻ȵ㣿
㿴һ˵ˣûȤǳűȥǸû׻˵ʲô
ģСӾȻҲҵĻ
׻ŭһҪһƻ㡣


1953 
׻Ը꣬磬Χ˾Ҫ׻Ҳġ
ǶãҪ׻һˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣ׻һƲûлɱ㣬ǱץסұۣжȣôܣСôܵס׻
׻Ҳ˫ۣȻƢ꣬ɵӣոһȭʹ߷ܹסȻߡ
УȻҪ֣ߺߣ˭
׻һۡ
оȻη׻ĵСӵ˭ôɢǿƣܵסҵȭȻͬȼǿߣǸ漶ǿߣΪλ
׻˵Ҳǿ򱱱ϣ⼸˵˭Ϊ罫ȫ
ָӣãҲ֪˭Ȼ˽Ҫв
˵
ȻвϣߣȻ
ȵ
˵һϻ򶨣˵ոֵ׻̫ˣԲŻᣬûгʲô⣬Զˣ׷Ǻеﷸ
׷Ǻеﷸʲôϵ
üͷһ壺ΪֻλǿߣͲ֪Զ嵱ʲô֯ô
жǾȣû뵽㾹Ȼͦ˽Զһǽƺ֪˴˵˼СӼȻܹס׻Ȼ漶ǿߣ浱У֪ԶĲҲ
㶣ҲǼ˵ڷǳǵݣﷸԶˣ
ʲô㾹ȻҪԶ˵ݣƾʲô
׻ˣƺֱǣűߵĸܡ
ƾʲôƾľ
㽫Լڡˡеı˳һСӣ׻ȫҪ۾һ˺ü׻˵ǡˡеĳԱ
ǻʶôߺߣһ飬ﷸԶ壡
˵
⻹Ǵˮһ˲ʶһ˰
һ˵㣬ҲǡˡеĳԱǵıţû뵽λԼˣ
˶
ȣҲִģ
׷Ǻﷸ˹ȻһͬͬյԶŻˣ
ǿԻȥˣ
Ϊʲô
Ƕ⡣
˵ǰ˹ѾˣҵʱƺĳǱɱģ
˹ˣһӡɱģѹλû̽Ů˵Ϣ
˵
׻ʵһԶŻأҲˣ
ѵңл·ô
㲻һЦ
׻ҲһԶŻ˾ȻɱˣȷʵʵϾո׵סԼһƣСӵʵĪ⡣
˼˶ѾˣһǱɱģ
ֻǹһ˿Цûشʲô
˹ӡ޽ʦǱȻλҲȷˣԶŻˣͲʲôǿߣɱҲ
һ˿㣺촿һᣬӦһʼͽģ
ˡڶ࣬ҸҲǵеСආѣ㽫˳Ҳȷ˶Էݡ
Ǹոջ˵ĻߣҪѪɺӣ
˵
жЩη壬û뵽ֱӣԸ׻ƺЩ㣬˵˼ܻɱˣҪҪԣһ˾ܽܣ
׻û˵Լܻɱ㣬ȻƢ㣬ǶһЩִ磬ϾԷǡˡеĳԱԼˡ
׻
˶һۣʱҲ˵ûʲôҲһʶȻǶǡˡĳԱոð飬ˣ
Ҳǵͷǵһʱ˵ԼǡˡĳԱͲô飬ȻôСˣôһ£Ҽ̣
׻˶ϵͷ˵ոյ飬ȷû˵㣬ôλ棬ѵҲô
λϣȻԼ񣬵ȻҪǵǣҵȥ̽˹λԶŻ˵Ǵģݹͣҿ԰͸ǣ
˵
׻˵ôģȹͶΪУ
ҲһµĻӡ󣬱ϾҲԶˣڡˡҪǲΪӪԼĹͣҲȥ̣ʵûгֵĻҲ˵ȥģ
˵
ⷬ˵İ©ûУ׻㣬һ˵ͷм˵ΪǻҪλһʱ䣬û뵽ֵܾȻܲʲôҪæģֻܷԸܰﵽľԻ
ͷҲû˵ʲôȻܲںǵİæʵԼԼǡˡоҪ֣һī˹
ԭλΪѰ˹УѾʡȥ˷ǳ鷳ԭﷸѾˣ̶һʱ䣬ǱǽȫɣҲǷǳл㡣
ǡˡԱݣҲûа㻳ɣһҲ˵㣬λȷðĵطλ£պмƻǱضնݣ
˽ȻҲǲλϼȥ
ͱȻûˣû˵׻˱ʧУȻҪ뿪λ档
㰡һȻ߱Ѿˡˡ
˵ո㽫ʱ򣬱סˣ
ϹѸܵλǿߵĽ٣㵱ʱǸ߱Ҫ㵣ģа취飬û뵽Ȼˡˡ
ΪʦҲǴжʦھΪ˸ҵ֣ҲǱˡˡ
˵
ͷոҲǲµ⣬롮ˡҲã֯ԿˡʱڡˡӦʤ󣡡
˵ҲӦˡеĸˣǸոռеҲ
˵ɣļųԱִֻĻ˰ˣǸûκ֪Ȩ
ü㣬ǲ˵û뵽һ㣬ȷǸոն˵Ļ˼㻳ɶûУֻΪȥͶȡɡ⡮ˡڲģ˸е֣


1954 ѵ
ûȥˡܲҲڲģС׻ڵλԱȻѾܵеһЩ
㣬Լᾡ齨Ҳص浱УҲʾԼλŰ˹죬Ȼ档
λϴŵĵϣ̻ص棬ȻصͰȳǻ֮ҲǺܿ
ҪСĽϾѾʦţǡˡеˣʱУʦͶԾĿ⡣
ܿĵϹֵܶ˶Уǿ㣬жЩ񣬵ҲûϳĵģϾҪ˵ݵĻڹΪˡеĳԱҲǲ⿪ġ
˸ɴ۲Ϊ뿪ĵȥطˡ
ĵпλʦǶʦʦܣҲԶΪǿļλʦ
ǿ㣬Ҳ΢΢ͷһλʦ˵㣬ǰ뿪ѵȥչô
֪ǿ߻һξ룬ܲ׾ֻڷܵǿ֮Ĳ࣡
˵
Һո˵ǷҲʦжڵҪԭ֮һ
λʦͷ˵㣬ĵʱޣӵܹɢ̴㣬ﾲޣ°빦
ͷȻ֪˭֣Ҳ֪ԼҪĻܻܿὫҡ
ʦûлҲĵо
ֱҹĵѾмλʦվǿȻھޣҲ˵СӶԼã֮ǰϹ𻹶ƫڿʦʵһУС롮ˡõѡ񣡡
ʦֺܶ鶼ĺԶСӵȷǡˡеʯȻΪѪĹϵҲڡˡеҪְ񣡡
ʦ˵СӽῼǼԶģֻҪ壬壬Ȼǰ;һƬ

ǼλʦͣʶȻڽʲô̸۵ĶʵǺѰ˹ûκιϵҲЩʧ
û̫ãʦҲǴصĵ⼸λʦʦһʦ֡
ҲǵͷڵذϣҲ˵ʲôʱģ
ѾһˣһֱоޣСӺڷܣ
һλʦ޵
ȻϹֵܶһְϹʦҲ֣иԼѵԼ츳ʤ̫࣬Ҫô㲻ͬƺʱ̶ԼҪ״̬ԾԣҶ
ʦ˵
ǺҪйذɣ롮ˡҲΪ˶ԸԶŻô
һеĶ
ʦͷ

ΪˡҪǺӸļţʦҲ֪Ҫʱ䣬ʱ䵱Ҳһֱĵоޡ
ΪﾲޣϹֵҲûнĵˣ۲Ϊ
һܵʱܿȥ㻹ھ޵УһλʦȴǽѣλʦĵУҲǳʦ֮㽻ʦƽʱ㶼һЦݣǿԼĵ
챾ҪһϢСӣˡļˣѾȫˣ˵ǺӵУ嶼ͣȻ嵱ҲмλSţ
Ҫ֪ļSţҲǶŵȼ⼸λʦΪSǰѵһ飬û뵽ǣ̫ˡ
˵мλŲȤ֪ǣԼʲôʱȥˡܲп
죬СǺгܲЩһܲпѵ
ʦ˵
һ˿εɫҲǲ׽ˣʦǲǻҪҵ飿
ûЩ鱾Ҳܶ˵ֻϣܱڵ̬
ʦ˵
ң淢ʲôҪı䵱е뷨ô
ʵ
ʲôûи㣬ôԼ飡
Ͻ˵ƺܼɻ⡣
µʲôҲûмȥܿʦִ̨֪ͨ
ûƬԥ̸ϵ̨ϣҲǿһ·𿴲߼ʵľ
ʦԵġǺгϷˣ˶һɫĺɫƷǿ㣬ɫ£ųʾһ£
ˣ㣬ϡǺгҪڶһܻѵ
Ͳһȥܿھ档
λˡеĳԱ㵹ЩڲͬŶǽһЩܻصѵ飬ƺһ̬Ͳ˵ʲô
ͷ㿴һͷķ·𿴲߼һ㣬ͷʻĹ̵У㶼ֻܸܵΧλڷ仯
ǰǰ㿴ŲٺԼһ¼ǿߣǵЩȥǳ˷ܣЩȻ
һɫ¿Ģͷߣ˷棺ǶѪΧͿƣ׸ϾǾҪܻصвս˰
Ը񱼷ŵĺܣ۲ܣֻһ˻뿪Լλȥ׽Ҳǵ˵㣡
㣿ĸˣ
壡
ѪЩţˣܰɣǰҲˣǡ
Ѫûм˵ȥƺԼ˵ȥĻ˵Լ뿪ģʱˡ
ѪбҪ⣺㣬ǻǸػأǿѵ֮󣬱仯Щ־ˡҸҲ֪ǻصеѵʲô롮ˡԼҪֵģ
ԼҪּ롮ˡģ
䣬ʵǺӵеԶŻȫ𣿡
ѪͻȻ仯ˣԭ˵㶼ĵĸо˵仰ʱзâ¶
Ѫж΢΢Щľ֪ΪλͻȻ㼤˵ҲɱԶŻˣҪʵոһû˵꣬еλǿȻ仯ܴ󣬵Ϊǿ̫࣬Ϊصһ㣡
ʵô
˫һٲȻԼ뷨ıϣǼ㣬Ǳܻѵ̬ʧ⣬ĵѵʵ˷Ѵʱ䣬ȻԸġ
㣬ѾͣˣǻҲˣϣǻصУܹΪѣ
Ѫ


1955 ˡ
Ѫ֮ڨеλѾΪˡгԱǰҪѵصܵҵһĴ
Ѫˣһ۱ܿ侲ضżǿ츳ԸոŻǰ£㡣
ѾͣҲʲôط˶ӾѪıһվߣ˵ǡˡѵˣΣʶȻ̽ⲻ
ȫôڿʼ
һźɫƷ˵ĺܿ죬Ҳû̫ȥע˵ȵ˱Ǽ˵ܺã¼ĳԱһʮˣǸţҽһ£˵ĽǿԽˣڽһʱڣҶָڻеѵ
˽
Ѿ˺˳
˽Ȼޱȣʮ˸˭ûзκ
һƬߣľû֮żѵĺۼȻǿսļ
ܿ쿴ǰһĽ⽨￰ȵϻĹڵ񳲣ǽѵĻˡ
ЩŶ˷ѵô̫ˣΪʲôӵĻأû뵽
񳲵ĽȷϿȥǳ
ԽޣڲصΣҲǼȻƽˮ
˽ͷʵ˭غܰģ
Ǽ˷ܵŶЩ̫Ծǲ˵
˽ǰȥվŲٻص磬˽˵ʾţ
˽Ҳǽ˳˵ΪˡֻϱţˣҪҲʾţ
˶˳
ǽ롮ˡӳıһֻֻ͹Щ鼫󣬶ǣǿʳһ㣬ȻҪ˹
һֻֻٶȳ˳ǰ㷴Ӧʱ䡣
мλվǰΪûаΣյűЩײ˸ţѪվһ飬˶صлΣյ׼ûбЩ˵
˹ִսʱѾʮֻȻҲżλߡ
ֽһֱվڲԶɫȻ£ܿһУЩڿк˼Ĺȫһɢ
ЩʲôͣûгԹʳһ
ʲôأΪֲذɣ
˺˰⵽ô£

Щ˶Щ壬Ͳǰ״ոտ⡮ˡʱڴڵĻǶ֪Լܷлųȥ
Ѫ˵㣬λǿ˵⡮ˡУвǻոսѾ֤Ƿ
ҲǵͷЩʱȻ׼Щ̫ǿѪ໥ӦܶҪܵˡ
Ҫ֪ʮ˵Уˣ˸ˣڵһ
ˣǣǡˡһأҪﲻɱôǵú洳һ
˽˵
أ죬ΪҪĹطҪȥҪȥ
˵
ȥ
˽Цǳʱг֪ȥ·ôǲ±ʱյеķ籩ɱĻھͿɣ
λҪ뿪ļһӺˣҿ˽һ֮ɱ
ոǵıʵ͸ˣǻصеһЩҰˣǶԸ˵ĻǻҪӡˡбҵô
˽˿ŵʬ壺ث֣ոۿ˳ܣ˾Ȼͨ飬ˣ
ʬ峯ȻһףЩйﶼȥʬ壬Ѫȳ棬õվŵĲ˶΢΢Щθ
ȻǸǿߣ츳Ǵ඼ûоѪȳ棬г־塣
ʮλˣֻʣʮˣһ̿ʼûһΪ⡮ˡʲôĵطˡ
˽ʣµʮ˴һӵУⶰޱȣۣʶûܵκζ
δĺܶӵУǽϢʲôطֻԼȥ飡
˶Щ£Ͳ̤һҪ֪˵ģ˭ֲ֪
ǲȥ㲻ңþ⡮ˡΣأֻҪԼһЩĻӦǲģϾˡҪܹǶԸԶŻ˵ǿߡ
󵨣
ѪҲʵԼҵһɿİ֣Ҫ˸С˵ոԼΣա
ޱȣۣʶ޷̽еһУеİռ䣬˿ܻЩֲ㾭һΣǲʲôˡ
ⶰӵУʵϲûʲôգ˸ոյǰ֮Ҳ
ҵһʯҲʯ֮¡
ҲҵʯǵϢ֮ˡ
Ѫ˵㣬˵ط᲻ͻȻʲôﰡǵʶû̽⣬Ҫˣ鷳
ӦòᣬոӦǼһģĿѾﵽˣҪϢĵطҪϾɱĻ⡮ˡͲҪˣҪȫɱ
˵
еԷˣ
Ѫ˵
ĻмҲɵ˭֪ǽʲôģڶǵصҪĥģڿʼҽﶼҪСĵ㣡
ˣѾ
ǸһʼҪߵļһ˵
ոûǽ˵ʲôôҪ˽ӳȥĻǺеķ籩ʱ֮أ
ҲһǼһֻ˵˵ѣǴλˣǵ˭λ涼ûֻҪԻλϵܱʲô籩ɱģ
˵
м˶ƻҪ룺˵Ҳе˶ĻһԿƾǵһܻģ
ãҪط˵һͳмˣȵҹڷߣǱȥ
һ˶Ӧ
Ǽһ˵ֻ϶ţԾҪ뿪Ҳǲǵģ
˵Ķԣô˵ˣҪҪһߣҪ֪γɹߵĻ´ҪӵĻûôˣ
ҲҪߣ
һɣ
߶ܿӵʮˣǶڵȴźҹ׼롮ˡ


1956 ӳ˭
˽һס޵ĵطֻǸû£ǶϢȻҲǿ˵Ļûаϵ
˽ĻҲڵס޵طʵ˵ΪȫĵطȻҪԼ뷨ЩʯϻЩɪɪǡ
ĿޣȻʶҲǹעΧһУֻҪһвԾĵط
Ѫ֪Ȼܾޣ˼ʱϵʱʮҪܵļһѾ߳סĵط˵ʵЩľսģϾʮܷӳˡ߶ʮˡ
һʼʮˣֻʣ¶ʮˣŶ̶һʱ䡣֪Ժ⡮ˡᷢʲô״
ƺҹʱһĮǣһҵϢոҽӵϢǺӵжʮʬǱռ籩ɱǺӵлΪߺߣʱʮˣҵǺ뿴Ǳҵʱʣ¼ˣ
ʮʬ壿
˶һո˵˽û뵽ʮ˸ûӳˡǳΪǺӵеĳҲûĻᡣ
̫ˣ˶ЩֵǮôûи롮ˡҲ֪Լ﾿ǷȫǸӿ־
㣬ôʮһˣʱշ籩ɱģҵ죡
Ѫ˵
˽˵ʱҲǴӾ״̬г˵ѾǲҪӳȥôǵǾȡǺµĻαص롮ˡ
ⷬȻ󣬵ȴǱ˽£ʲô֣򲻴
ʦ㣡
ã㣬ǵеĶӳˣҲϣٿǸһЩ޴Ҫ롮ˡ飡
˽˵סҪڡˡ浽ҵʱֻԼŬ
ȵȷ˽Ѿʧ֮˷˵ǸСӣѵֻǼһƨôҪ֪ǶǱƭģڲһʱѾʮˣΪƨͻչô
˵ʲô㲻Ǿ°ˣǺµĻûҪ롮ˡ
Ѫ˵
˷ŭƨ˭֪ѵؾȻأ֪ˣǴͨ˵ģҪǹƨƨ浽󣡡
ˣֻʣ¶ʮˣӦúúβܴطȥڧ
Ҳ˵
ôȥӶӲȥ
˾ɥ

ڶһͻȻס޵ĵطҲüͷ΢΢һ壬Ǵģ
ܿ죬˽ʮ֮ڣҪȫ棬˭ûĻһζ
ʵѾȫ˽ǰϾһʱѾʮţûҪ˽Կ
ģոպڰгڵĹԴ棬˽˵׼ȷ˵ʼڡˡѵĵһ죬򵥵˵ǡˡѵֻһǱҵĳԱһֵĻΪǡˡеľӢִܹи߼񣬶һ޷ڹ涨ʱڱҵĳԱˣߺߣֻ

˶ľս˵гɹҵĳԱͱӵ
ÿһ궼внΪѵǵձҵʴڰٷ֮ʮٷ֮ʮҲ˵ʮܱҵֻʮӦúңΪѾʮڵľͣ
˽˵
Ƕֻʣ¶ʮˣ⵱ٻҪʮĸ찡⾿ʲôط
ǿʳ棬ǺӵеķǡˡǺӵΪǿбҵĶûУǸͲǡˡ
ˣڿʼǸҽǼǴ
˽ȵ
˶һӵУⷿպܳ㣬Ųٹ˽˵һǿߣҪı屾Դ֪ǶԸǿߣǴǵļֻSǿ꣬ˣǸûнķϣҲе
û˸ҷ˵Ļܿһ̨ǰһɫťǰһеͶӰȻֻһӰӣܹܵӰ̺żǿǹŹ֡
˽˵ǿͶӰǣÿһ˶һ̨ǽѵǣͶӰͶӰӰӣ׻ܣ
˭ûӰӣ˭һֱǣ
Ӱӱܺ󣬻ԶʧͶӰǵУ˭ɻأ

ȵ˽뿪ӣ˱˵ֻһӰӰˣǼһʲôأΪûԸһӰǿЦˣ
ڿЦУȻû뵽ǣѾ˱ͶӰǵеӰӻɳȥſڵѪ
ʲôô
ŵϵЦɢˡ
ӰӺǿһȭһûзӦͷɳȥˣ
ſڵϵļһ˵
ҲǿһԼǰͶӰǣܿ찴ºɫťһһӰӳǰ
ûа⣬ȻֻһӰӣܸܵԷǿӰӳ˫ȭȭˣ㶼Ǽѵʩչ׭ֵܽסаǵһѵû뵽Ѿôˣ⡮ˡнײеѵ
㱾Ҫ˵ΪģħһѵʵϲС
ЩӰ쳣ǿѾмλ˱ӰӻѪûվ
һֱ̫ɽӵУֻ˻ӰӣѪС
㣬ǼȻѾӰӣҲ˵һѵˣΪβȻصסĵطȥ
Ѫʵ
˵˽û˵˿ǰȥǻڴ˵Ⱥɣ
Ѫͷ˵ĶԣҪڻȥĻҪǼһץסѱˣʱҪԸǣɾͲˣ
̫ˣô쵽ģѵǻܵӰӶȽСôΪʲôҾЩӰûа취أ
һһﱻӰӴıס
վ㲻Զһ˵治֪ЩͨģϺȵĶ
˺ܲͷǵһӰӵģû˽ķԸ뿪
Ѫ˵Ǳȶеǿ߽ɭλS֮һոҲһӰӵģʵĺǿ
˵ʲôȻ˵Ϻȣ
Ǹ׵ļһ˫ðָűȶеСΪǵеϴ󣬸㣬ǵĶӳǽ㣬㣡


1957 շ籩
޹ʱҲǱǱȶǿ߽ɭһۣһӳôҪҽɭСǶӳܵģЩϺȵļһʵܲѵɺЩһӳվΪɵĳģ
ѵ
˵
ͬ˽ɭһۣⲻǵһѵˣ˭Ϊ˭ϺȻһ
ⷬԽɭ˵ģҲʮ㣬˶Ƿǳ֧ӳ˵úãЩΪǣΪԼһͺ˲𣬺ߣ˲ǶӳĻһÿɳܣ
ǶԷƣҲ̫ߵϾﲢ׶ݣͨѵõߡ
ʵϣǿͶӰͶǿߵȷܹ߲ԶԽеѵ㶼ǳڴ
ɭѹסҪŭٴΰºɫťһȭոճֵӰӻɢǺݺݵĳڶһ㡣
˽ϵʱŻصѵǵĵط˵ǵѵҪ֮ǰеҪϲ٣ʮˣһӰӵʮˣʣµİ˻ںӰӼУұǱӰӻܣԽսԽٵģû뵽ǾȻԽսԽ£
ܺãʮ˿Իصס޵ĵطûǼѵ
ÿһ춼һµɲڸбҵǰûʱɣôӰЧʣ
˽һ㣺ǵĶӳʲôҪһʱ֪ͨң
أ
˵
ɱ·Ͳˣڲôģ
˽뿪ˡ
ɭЦ㣬ĿĴﵽˣѾ㣬αҵض
Щɭ˵ȻҲ룬ԭҪ˵бҵޱѣʮ˵Уֻʮܹҵʮ˶
ڶҵһˣ֤һûҪǶҪ˵˳ҵ
Ѫʱվ˵ɭ㲻Ҫˣԭ츳һмģû뵽㲻ֻǸС˰ˣ̬SΣ
ߣ˭˵ķô
Ѫסҵ֣ԺԸĻȻվߵģ
Ѫ˵
ߣ
㲢뽫ѵŪϾм˴ʱûѪҲǵͷһȥ
뿪ǽɭҧһƥǣһֻ棬ļһҿɲǺùģ

صס޵ĵطѪ˵㣬Ǽһ̫ǷˣҾһԸ㣡
Ըң
㵭˵ҵǺ֪׼ʲôʱԸң
ôôҪ֪Sţ
㲻˵һλSô
ˣҶҲ֮һȶǿ㲻öԸ
Ѫ˵
飬㲻Ҫˣոҳ棬лˣ
۰ˣ㣬ΣҶվߵģ
ͷȻ֪ѪģܴһԭΪҪ˵ипѪʵҲһбҵ
˵еһȫֻûȻǼǵӵУʣµĶʮٴٳ֮ϡ
˽վ֮ǰ˿ͷϵգȻ峿յգĿ˵ǲҪΪǳ׽ǵѵǣԶԶûУ
ʮӣжеĶ󣬡շ籩ᱬΪʱǰʱ⡮շ籩Ҳģ
ףǺˣ
˽˵ʧǰûиǰ㷴Ӧʱ䡣
Ǽһ˵ʲô𱬷շ籩ʲô
˲̫
շ籩Ǻӵӵ֮һʱյл̫ңмΪǿɳ籩
ɭ˵ǹϵǼһҪ
ʲôôֲȻ̫䣡
Ƕ̫ʲôǶ壬Ի˵ġ
ֻʣʮˣô죡
˼
㣬㲻ǵĶӳôʱѵûһ취
ɭ˵
Ѫ֪һҪ鷳˵ô侲ӦӦİ취ˣô
ɭЦǱȶˣȶλϣշ籩ÿΣԶ⡮շ籩ڳ˵УϤҴСǱ̫ҡ˵ģû˱֪ζܡշ籩ɱ
ɭ˵ôܡշ籩
ҿ˵ҿɲǶӳأҵЩƨļһ̲סҧһڣǵòʧô
ɭҡҡͷӣ֮ܶ˾Ҫܾ֮ܽ˭ܴбҵˡ
㣡
Ѫŭʲô˼Ϊһͽ˵ô
ɭţȴǲ˵
˿ɼˣɭ磬ǰɣǿɲǵĶӳͲʲô
Ϊ˻ܶ˶Ҫɭȡ
ɭһۣ˵ҲSţҪǾ̫ǿϧ
ôôһᱻ̫ô
Ц
ɭû뵽ʱЦĳҪæܡշ籩Ļ棬뵽ûа˼ⲻýɭзŭСѵаնշ籩
һӣߣ㵽ʱҿ㻹ôЦĳ
ɭȵ
ܿ죬˶ܸܵյ֣ߣȻȼ̫̫ȹâҪؿһ㣬Ȼշ籩ҪٵԤס
ɭ磬ǣ
˶ѾվɭϣǶϣɭܴǶⳡƽ١
ѪվߣȻη壬ܸܵƺԵֵסշ籩źǿģվߣһְȫС
յУһ޴ĻҪֺյ׹£ϣһɹɿ翪ʼŰ
շ籩Ǻӵֲ֮һⳡ籩УҪӮң
ɭƺЩ
㣬ɭǼһƺˣû뵽ǰ˷ܣ
ǻⳡ籩ɣ
Ц
Щյо޴Ļ׹ЩżǿͲһܹӴģЩţм˶Щֱˣڵϡ
ɭ磬Ϊβǣ
ʹ˵
ǣ±Ӱɣ
ɭЦЩͷŵȫΪǰξշ籩УЩ̫Ҷ㲻ʲôĿ⿴Զ˲һСӣôҲܶԸЩ̫ң


1958 
㲻Щ̫ҺǴݣţѪһֱԣЩ̫ȻǸܽΧѪҲǸűܿЩֲĻ
мҪɭȵȴãֱӱ̫Ҹʬ嶼Ϊҽ
շ籩˰ʱʱЩ˵ȴһô
籩ţϽߡ
ӳոնлңĻѱҸˣ
кˮ˵ȷո㼰ʱȣѻΪĩ
ǽɭƭǣ˵Ƕ籩û뵽ȫǣжӳڶҪ
ŭվڲԶĽɭϵļⶼڲΪⳡ籩ٶҪʮˣû뵽ֻ˶ѣ˻ΪԼᱣǱġ
ɭĿ˵Ĺ̵ģ˵շ籩ڼ䣬ûаηЩ̫ңЩɽϣûаʹɭСӵ̫ˣĻܷ顣
Ѫ˵㣬Ϊ㲻Щ򣿡
ȻҲǱȶˣЩ̫ڵĻһЩ˰ɣ
˵
ʵͨ춦УǽӴ̫ңʱΪ̫ԸҶԿЩ̫ңڣʵõһʵķԾǸҪη̫ˡ
һʮˣĸʮԱˣⳡ籩εĺ⣡
˽ٴγ֡
ô
˵
Ļ籩Ҫʮλǵı֣Ҿȣ
˽˵ڸ˵ѵһˮ룬һأǺӻ٣
ʲô˼
֮ǽʱϢ쵱Уܹ˵߶ҲЩԱܹʱ
˽һ۽ɭǱȶĳţ츳ǲ˵ģΪԸҲȣΪȫˣһҵô
⡭
ɭԶԡ
ȻҶǸԶԾ˵뷨ûʲôףǺˣǣ
˽ܿʧӰ
Ȼȥ
˵
ǽʱϢܹȻʮԱָƣҲܹ㾡Ϥˡ
ҹĻ٣ѪҪȥҲʵ㣬ѵҪȥ߶
ұȥ˽Ǹʲôĵط
ǣһʼҰϮٵշ籩һ㣬ǵȥǻΣհɣ
Ѫǵ
İȫȻϢϢأҪȥʱʲô⣬Ѫ˵еѵΣġ
ЦİɣҲԼЦģ

ˡеһӵУվŲٴŰɫ·ˣ컨ϹһϰٴСҺʾʾŸոշ籩ʱЩŵзӦ
˽Ҳǳ䷿ݵУһ˵ѹǲĸˣǸСǽýݣҲη̫ңپ˵
С㣬ǳʦոõʦĹھ
˽˵
ʦĹھȵȣھһֱʦ¢ϵô
ʧˣʦܸҵģԶŻѪʦ˵ʺϴǡˡУ
˽˵Ŀǰǵ״ʦ˵ûȷΪˣ
ǡˡļˣڻرҵҲᰴǷֳʽ롮ˡ
һ˵ӵѪıҵΪˡĺĳԱϵҫҵǻΪǡˡִĿܡ
˽˵ǽûκһıҵ
ôֲûпһλӵˣ
Űɫ·üǰ죬ǡˡеλĳԱΪ׷һλԶŻɣû˶ĻǡˡеĺĳԱƱؾҪѽˣ
˽ͷҲ˵ˣ٣ҵ˼ǽܷҲܳΪĳԱ
Уˣѵ㲻֪࣬ıô
٣㿪ı뷨
˽˵
λ˹ȻҺʾϵ㿪ͷ񣬶һʾ
ˣ㿴صСӵĸ֮ô
Ϊǡˡˣӵ㣬̫ǿǲٵԶ˻ҪԶŻˣ
˽شһֱúźľСûѪ
ΪǡˡеĺĳԱô
ȷҵ뷨ҾáˡȻԶ崴бͰˣһֱԶ˰ųɺĳԱȥ˱ض
ǣһΪĳԱض֪ǡˡеĲٻܣ⡭
һֻŸ𣬾֪ΣοֻҪСŲʲôģ
˽˵
ðɣˣȻǿƼô˳ҵΪˡĺĳԱɣȷţֻǳΪǡˡִĿܾ̫˷ˣ
ǣ٣
˽ͷ
ӲԶڲݴ֮ϣǹ㣬Ҳаʶǿǻû͸ǵĶԻΪˡĺĳԱôߺߣЩڴأ
ס޵ĵطǳȻû뵽ʶȻ̽˽Ĵڣ˳ϣҲӵеĶԻ
Ȼû뵽˽ȻƼΪˡĺĳԱҪ֪˵ĻȻ֪ٹڡˡĻܣҲΪú󱱱齨Ըˡ֯𵽺ܴá
ϢƬ̣Ҳǿ˽ӵ뿪һЦҲʱǽ̸̸ˣ
˽ȥѵҵ·ϣҲѾоڸܿͣ½Ų㣿Ǻ⣬úõϢʱѵҪô
ҲҪϢ
ҡҡͷֻ뵽ߣ⵽Ǹĵط·ǡÿ㣬һ·ˣ
СӻЩʢҽ
˵
ͷ˽ѵңȻδˣ屻ͶӰеӰӴѾΣƺˡ
ǵڶѾȫˣˣȻ޷Ӱӣ
˽Ƿŭ飬˵Ҫǡˡܵģ


1959 
ٸһλɣһģ
˶ľʹ˵
վһԣ˷ӰӴվ⣬Ҫڶʱ񣬼ѡ
֪⡮ˡĹأҪͨҵΪˡʽԱҪȻֻ·һ
ûʹѾ״̬ҲҪ
ǽշ籩ҲǱ֪ǵ˶ô
ǿ־塣
ĸʮСӰǣҪʮ
˽˵
˿һ㣬֪˽յĶӳ
ѾˣǲҪˣ
ٸһλɣһģΪǲ

жᣬҪҲط
ǲҪһᰲ뿪صǵУȻҲ˽⡮ˡеȫɾֻбҵӵĻ䣡
ôƭˣĿ񣡡
ߣٿ޿ĻҪˣһҵУ
˽ŭ
˲ҿˣмźɫƷ˽ǰ˵ͻУɾ
ǣ
˺ܿͱߡ
˽һۣôҺʴôһ
ΪʲôҪҿһĻ
ʵ
Ϊʲô㿴һĻأŵеķѣǡˡм
˽˵
ΪǵӦǽɱģû뵽ȻôģЩҪӻȥʮأ𣿡
ʵ
ûУֻҪܹӸбҵţЩǶһͻУ
˽˵ˡٸ齨ǲɱ޹ģ
ͷˣˡÿ궼ļţЩŽ˵УŵЩҰ﹥ֵһҪˣЩˡˡֱͻȥȻɾ
ͺ͸ո˵³һģˡȻԶ崴ģҲҪ˼˵뷨ǲܽ
Ȼշ籩ˣȥһ㣬޷Ū٣
˽˵ԣСӣܲ˼ˣǵѹСϲ٣
ȷڸ˵У̫Ļ˱ض顣
ΣҶȣһ㣬㲻ؿң
˵˽Ҫûв´Ļһûбҵ֮ǰոЩ㱾Ӧøҵģ
ҿ㣬ʵҪڸбҵѣֻҪҵ֮Ҹո˵Щ飬㶼һ
˽˵ˣҸϢʱ䣬ȻúϢǺ˽ǸеһЩˣ
ҪϤİĻ
ͷ˵ϾҽҪģ
ҵˣҲҪصѵģϾѵǺӵȽģ
жòǱҵ
ʵ
շ籩һǻҪ飬ҵ
˽˵ôѾȥô
Ҽ롮ˡĿʲôѾˣҲϣԼʱ˷
ʵ㲢ûо˵нѵ˷ʱ䣬Ҫ֪շ籩Ȼ㿴ȥɵʵ̵УҲǵõ˾޴
˽˵ˡռĿǶԸԶŻˣǣڴ֮ǰûﵽԸԶŻ˵ʵû취ִдɱ񡣡
Ҫ֪ԶŻǺӵǿ壬ǵȻǣǾȴ޷еǿ㣬Ҫ뱨Ļ͸ѵ״̬ڸѵ
Ȼһ㣬ϣ˵Уǵвһ
ãһᾡΪģ
ͷ
ѵг㲢ûȥǽתһȦ;Ȼֻ޵ϮֻǽЩȫɱ
˵ȷ˽ԣǺӵΪȽѵأѾݵǾܵѵѵǵǿͶӰǣͶӰӰֻһʵǿߣͶӰǻͶӰΪǿĸֳ
Ϥ֮㷽Żصס޵ĵطѪ˵㣬̽ʲôûУ
ҡҡͷֻϤһ˵е·ѣ
Ѫͷ˵ֻҪû¾ˣĻҶ֪ܲҵ
û˵Ѿ֪˴бҵ֮˻ΪˡִĿܣȻûκǰ;һμˣ
ȻҲΪԼܳΪˡĺĳԱеңϾֻгΪǵĺĳԱܻøĻܣǱŸмֵ
Ϣʱܿʮ˵ĳԱҲָһǶϵٳϣȴһпĵ
˽ɫ£һеˣʧܶһʮˣΪֹֻʣʮˣ棬ǻʣȫɹĻܹɹڸбҵԽ˵ϣǽ˳ɣףǣ
ʮˣֻʣʮˣһһĳԱ
ܶ˶ʼսľû֪һ˵׻᲻Լ
һҪսǺӵޱȿֲĹޡǣ
һŶ񣬿ǵŶ
˽˵
ʲô˼ѵʮҪһͨôĻǲʧܣ
ɭ
ȶСӣҪ֪Ժ롮ˡִʱСŶӵģǿǵŶӺ
˽˵Ҫʮһͨ񣬷򣬽ûκһͨ
ⲻƽ̫ƽˣƾʲôҪһ񣿡
ɭа
˽뿪Ѫ˵ǺӵмΪֲĹĳΪǺеѣ
ѪɫΪѿ˵Ȼˣôעɣ㲻Ҫ̫ˣ
ҲǽţΪұ˶Ҫǵ֪Щһ﾿ǲȻִҪ
Ѫ˵
һƵ˵ģߣǸĽ˵Ҫһ𣿡
ɭЦ
Ѫ˵˵ʲôбһȥԸǣὫȫɣȻȼڻ֮УĿֲֻʱ򣬲Ż᳹˽⣡
Уôô
ɭȻһη


1960 ܾд
㲢û˵ǲǣ˽Ȼ񣬾Ʊʮ˵ܹǲǣĻҵ
໡
ԶգһǺ
Ѫ˵һǲǣҵ죬ǾȻ
ѪǹҪˣֻ鲻ԽϾΪˣȻûĿùǣȴС˵ǵĿֲԡ
ܿģһɫӰӳյУӰǾ̬צӣɫë塣
ΪֻһӰأ
ѪҲ֣ܰǾԲֻһӰӵģ
ǵǿͶӰô
˵ǣҲø߿ƼģģȻҪʮɣôϣʱܹЭ˵

ѪͷֻҪĲǣҾͲˣ
ҲͷӳһǶģ
ɭȻ㣬ǸոѪ˵ǺǿҲ֪һǾû㶨ǵģаҹ㣬ȵ֮һҪ취Ը
໡
ǾǵӰյ˻ǵõĳһ㣬̼ǳ˳ȥ
ſѪڣ⣬һɫҺ塣
Ѫ˵ǶҺʧĶҺ
ٶȼ죬ܿܿЩҺмȴûбܿǱǶҺУ˲˫ʧ
ҵ죬ҿˣô죡
˵һߣС䣬㿴סǣ
˵
ɭʱͼλһɳ죬ʩչıºǲš
ȻֻǸеĿƼԱģĲǵӰӣʵȴҲǼǿңǵӰûа̣ȫɿƼԱõԲٿأܹԤг˭Ĺв˲ܿ
ͷųļǵӰӸܿûļ֪Ǳڿš
նǴɱǣ
˵
ѪչǼλʧţո˵Ļһҵ죬㾹ȻҪնҪ֪ǲȻֻģӰӣıɲ
Ѫ֪ľǵɱǰ˵ܹ㿴ʱȻѸ
ǲҲǿһ˸ڿУǽ׳Ȼ˹ȥѪеһ㣬˲оһɺŰԼ꣬ǲǾҪԼȫɵһ㣡
ɱۣܵģ
ķ
ӰڿƾʧǲҲ˲סԭΪض֮£Ȼ˭뵽ȻʧڿС
ʱ򣡡
ʮŶǲǳȥٶȿ磬Щ಻ߣʮ˺ҲվǲǰΧ
ɭЦһ޿ˣ׼
³ڿеüͷ΢壺
ɭոճȥǸоȻǲ֣Ҫһ˽˶Էͷ֪ǾȻ
ѪɫҪԼңȻʱһǽȴǵǰպ赲ס˲ǵһ
㣡
˶ʩչϵĻɭض
ʮҲǺǲǵӰӻɢ

˶Ŵ˵öӳǣĻҪǲһɱɣ
Ѫ˵Ǽ۾ʧˣǺã
ӦֻʱģǱϾģҺЧôģ
˵
ǼλʧҲǻ˲٣˵ôܲǵģֻϧǵ۾ˣûܰﵽǣ
Ƕӳǲǵע⣬ȻǰΧ̫ˣӳ
ǰǶӳĻһǸɲˣ

ЩۣɭվԭأЩ鴤һ㣬ߵոΪʲôҪңӵģ
һŶˣʽήͣ
˵
Ҹм㣬㣬ҲģһԺ֪ȶ˵ǿ󣡡
ɭݺ˵

ӵС
컨ϹŵҺʾʾǡվʮλƼԱĿ⾪㤣ϵĻطŸոڰյʧܲһ¼
ôģʲô̫ˣ
ջǼһǻǵһûлɱ˵ģ

˽ҲУɫȥǳһλ³˵ˣԽԽ۹ˣСӵʵŶӾ񣬶ӹɵģԶŻ˵ĳ֮ǡˡҪģˣǲΪˡĺĳԱǵľ޴ʧ
ǵģ٣ʵŶӺɵģҸѶȣû뵽ǾȻɵҲ벻ģ
˽˵
ŵѵҲҿʵһΣ۹ܶĶӳĿУӦû׹أ

˽ҡͷҾټӴѶȣ
ҪӴѶȣˣҪãŲǵѪڲͽɵˣҼӴѶȵǰᣬȷСӵİȫ
ҲѾϧ֮ˣһպ÷ִģ
˽ͷ

ɱʮҲǵõ㹻ϢǼʧźܿҲǻָ˽ǻʣһֻҪصĻǾѾʽбҵˣԲ˵һĵĺϢ
ʱ䱻֮ʵѾϢˣɭ˽ǰǽѵǺȻ˽ûнɭ
Ѫʵ㣬ܾ˽˵ִ⣬Ϣ˲ô
Ϣ죬и׼ʱ䣬ѵô
˵
ˣܾвԾĵطأ
̫ɣ
Ѫ룬ȻҲ֪˽ִȻģ仯ѶߣҲһҪɵģû취
ס޵ķ䵱Ȼ޹⣬ۺʶ޷һУܹܵ˶ڴ֮һ
ɭûòĳŵһĭ˵춼ĹطҪˣ㣬㲻Sôպʱ䣬˲ȥдһܸʵ
˼ҴӲûʵд裡
ҡҡͷֱӾܾ


1961 
һ仰ɭðСʲô˼Ȼ˵ûʣһǵô˵˵ġ
㵽ʲô˼㣬ǸҺҴô
ɭ˵
ˣɭҪȥͳȥҪǾޣ˵ûǸûʵļһ
Ѫ˵
ɭ㲻Ҫ˭ȵģ
Ϊ򱧲ƽ
ɭŭãһվһߣҽɭһǶڵģһģ
ɭܿ뿪ס޵ĵطû֪ȥ
֮ڲٳϣҲǶɭĳ֣ϴֺĮЦݣƺǴ⡣
˽ҲǺܿڲٳ֮ϣ˵ǵһֻҪǱܹʽбҵĻҲ֪
ɫһ䣬ȻûбҵǾֻĺ
񣬿ǵħҪΪǡˡĳԱηħ޴ڣܷսʤǵħǽĹؼ
˽˵
սħ
㶼û뵽еһ񣬾Ȼܺ˽Ҫʲô취սħ
ܿ죬һŰɫ·վ˽ߣһȫͰÿһλŵǰ
˽˵ÿ˶Ҫһ澵ӣͨӣԿԼĺܶ಻֮أҲҪ澵սħ
ôͨ澵սħ
˺ܲ⡣
ǰһħľӣ澵ӵУǿ¾һǵȻһֱеĻԶ޷Ӿӵг
޷Ӿгǲô
һֻܳɹʧܵ񣡡
˽˵
죬̫ˣҳڹȥв԰ΣĻҪ澵ӵУ
˿ʼµ
˽˵ǲȥǺ͹ȥ׷ָĻǡˡǲỶӭǵģҼףǣ
˽ЩԱһǶ뿪ٳϡ
ɭ˵ǵӣˣȻô£ұ澵ӵ
ɭ澵ĹâУܿ죬˱ǿ澵ӷ·ѽɭȥһ㣬ͿӰˡ
ѪҲ˵ҶԹȥǣ޹ңҲûɣ
һ̣ʧھӵС
վԭأϸĿȥѷЩԥ⾵ӵУ¾һǷῴϦҶ˼ǣǿǣԼܷѳֵסУ
Ҫǹȥ͹ȥޣɱѣԼУʧˣ
ʧζ仹ǾӵеĻ֮С
Ƕȥˣѵںô
˽˵
ҡҡͷֻ¿ЩԶŻˣ̲סһֱڻþλɱǣ
˽ЩĻشû뵽ֻѣ֮Ļǿ
ֻһǽ˾ӵС
ʱ֮󣬽ɭһӾӵгͷ󺹣Ӿг֮һֱڿޣվֹס˿
˽˵ʲô㲻Ѿ͹ȥô
ʲôطҷҲٵڶνȥˣҲЩ飡
ɭʹ˵
ǹϲ񣡡
˽˵
ܿ죬½½˴Ǿӵг֣һǻǱһ㣬ֻ겻ĸо
˽а澵ӽܹнееĴŴǺڴСӴгֻһ顣
ѪҲǴӾӵгȻûɭ޿䣬˿ܣ˽أûгô
˽ҡͷ״ֵ̬ķǳ벻
˵һǹȥڡˡ¿ʼ
Ѫ˵
ʮ˵УѾʮ˴ӾӵгǵҲѪܱһֺȶ˶ٶЩˡ
ûг
˽üյûôûгģȻܹδ״СӦӻг
ѵûʱ涨ôѾ˲ʱˣ
ɭָȻոڹµҪѾ˲ʱ䣬״̬Ҳǻָ뵽㻹ûдǹгһϲѵСѾв԰ô
ʮӣǻûгĻʧܣ
ʧܣ֤ǻԶ⾵ӵУ
Ѫ˵
˽ͷ
ˣôûгôˣǶˣûɲ
˶
ߺߣСӲãԶаɣ
ɭЦ
ʧˣֻǵһʱԲų˰ˣ
һ
ɭȻôᣬȻˣ
ӰӾӵг֣鼫ΪȻаįı飬˽˵㣬Ѷǵģû뵽ıֳҵ֮⣡
ֻܻصȥȴܿδ֪δ澵ӻ˼
Ц
˽ͷܹһֵδȻΪƽԭֻҪӹ뿪δļȫʧֻ֮൱ȶ⵹˽⡣
յٶ¶һЩģϾ൱Ǵڹȥδ֮䡣
ʱ䵽ʮλ˵УֻλûбҵǽԶڹȥʱ⵱У
˽˵ȻǲҪһֲ̣ǾԲٻģ൱һλϼڣ
˵ǶѾʽбҵˣ
Ѫ˵
ӽ쿪ʼǱʽΪǡˡеĳԱˣЩûڸбҵˣǵıŽԶʧЧ
˽˵
̫ˣܹ뿪ˣ
˵
ȷôЩ죬ֱһʮŽˣܹҵֻʮˣжʮ˵ģϢǿ־壡
ӽ쿪ʼǽʱгȷظ壬󣬻רԱǽ롮ˡܲУ
˽˵
ǣ
ǶԵúܼ
Ѫ˵Ҳصȥ
ȥ
˽ʵ˽ԭô
ҲУܷȥһ˳壿
Ѫ˵
ô
ûУ
ҡͷȻҲЩѪΪβؼңǲ˽£ѪԼȥҲ鷳


1962 ص
ʱгѪص˳塣
ڳ嵱УҲǼ򵥺ͺͰȳϽһЩڸеѪҲǽһ
˶ĵһǾϲ˵СӣǻˣѾ˳ͨˡĿ飬ǳڡˡҲзȨˣ
˶Щ첻оѸ٣˲ٹ
˵
ȳ˵Сһֱ˵ҪѧϰЩ춼ͷǸոճأ
ȳϣ˵ҾôŬ׷ģֻһЩѣ
˶Ц
С䣬ǳɱȲ壬ªɲҪŲϰ߰
볤˵
Ѫҡҡͷò˵ģڸжչˣĻܷҵǸأ壬Ѿ鷳ˣҿûκҪģ
˵һȥȺ򡮴ˡĳԱģλҪǿǣ
ȳȻãȴҲ˵ǾѾܲˣҪúñأǳԶʵĺܣ
Ѫȥ;Щʵ㣬֪ʦĹھǻλʦţҲǳΪҪѡеȴšˡĳԱأ
ʦƼҼ롮ˡģ
ûж˵ʵ嵱еȺҲΪʱûлҵ˹֣
ϾڳȺǾԲġ
Ѫͷʦʦ̩ɽĵλƼ롮ˡѹֻˮɣңԼ롮ˡأ
Լ룿
Щ⡣
ˡȻǸص֮֯ǰ߹㣬и˼Уһк˵֯˵ҵȫʵУҾˣ
롮ˡĿǣ
ӱܣ
Ѫʧ䡣
į飬ҲûмȥѪļ򣬵͡
磬㿴˭ˣߣأ
ϹڲԶӰüͷ
Ϲ⻰ҲǳŲԶȥҲǡߡļһȻһȥʦԻģ
磬ǰʱ䲻˵ǰȥˡμѵôֻͨѵܳΪʽġˡԱ
λѵѾͨѵ
Ϲ۲²
ʲôȥʱ֪
ϹǰҲǵѪǰѪϹһ˿м飬֪ضĵˣĻʧ
㣬㲻ȥμӡˡѵȥôôôֻˣѵʧô
ϹЦ
㵭˵ÿ
ÿ򣬸ÿɣ
Ϲ
Ѫǰĵڸѵʧܾ鶼֪ѹ㲻㣬㣬ѾǡˡеʽԱˣҪ֪ˡܹǺеκһ䣬Ҳÿķݣ
ɹˣ
ϹüҪ͵㣬ΪˡʽԱԭӦõõҫȴû뵽̨ϱܣеһƺ޹ˡ
㣬ͷȻŹ⻷У˭˼ҲҪ֣
㣬Ҵ׹ҾܷŹ
С䣬ߣ
û뵽ͶԷ˼ʵ϶Ϲеߣÿһۣ˷ʱ䡣
磬Сǲ񣬲ƺѾΪˡĳԱԱǼһ˵ʲôеѵʧܾҪЩֲأ
Ϲ˵
ȻÿֲϾϹһֱҪΪˡĳԱǽΪĳ֣ҲûбʦƼȥѪո˵ĻҲЩëȻҪʦƼԼ롮ˡܷͨһѵ
ԭµļһϹǲùã
磬жԸİ취ô
ߣϹеĴ壬ʦƫ㣬Ǳ˰æŶԸ㣡
⡭磬ʦʱ
Ȼʦ̨϶ԸŮ˵׺ݾȥˣ
磬֪ˣΣǶСӺù

ĵ
ʦﾲޣѪеʱЩʦȫ۾
һѪԣѪҲЩʦС
ЩʦУǰıʦԭΪܵϢ΢üͷҲڿ֮չ˵λˣ
ѪҲκһμӡˡѵѣ
˵
ѪҲ˵ʦã
һѪԣ㻹ûнǱѾܵˣ
ʦ˵
Щʦƺ˷ǳðҲǼʱ˵ʦҺСѾͨˡˡѵѾʽԱҲȺ򡮴ˡĳԱ
ˡѵ֮Ϊѵܹ֤ͨʵѾܵˡϿɣ
ʦͷ˵㣬ʱλסɣϵʱһңһЩ˵
ǣ
㽫ѪԼסѪЩʧ˵㣬ʵϺǳһģ˿ǲܴģ
Ϊʲô
Ѫ֪ûгΪ˶ãʵϾֻ֪˺ݣе˶ϲǣΪʲôܴ治
Ϊ˱Ѫԣ浱вɱһУǸϵĲб壬Ըոʦǿң۹ⶼܲԾˣ
Ѫ˵
ЦûʲôЩ޹ؾˣǳһܵҲȻڣ
磬ҿкܶ鶼Ҫ鷳ˣ
Ѫ˵
Լãڡʱгҵôһλѣ㣬ѪԼûͨ˵ѵ
ٺѪסޣϵʱҲٴĵʱĵѾֻʣʦһˡ
Ŀ䣺㣬ǸлΪβȥ壿Ͼǳˣ
ʦƼҼ롮ˡ˵ȶ飬ģ
˵
ʵȴǰ۾ҪһҪΪ˵ĸоı㣬ϵˡ
ʦͷҲûµһģ㣬㣬Ҫסֻܳ׸ıˣĸʵ֣
ʦǰϹֵҪ׼
ֻϹ𺳱հˣһֱıʲôʱҵǶ˹֣


1963 в
棬ڰ֮
Ǻڰʦ԰ٷ֮ʮĺڰʦѡںڰ֮պڰԴǿԼʵ
ֶҲһֱڰ֮ԴϴҪնɱûгɹ˱ǻصڰ֮
ƽڰʦǶںϾޣɢźɫâʾպڰ֮еĺڰ
常ڵĺڰƺִֵƿأ
ڤ˵
ʱ䵱Уһֻȫڤڰ֮ϵкڰʦҪĽܹɼֻĺ㣡
˵
ڤҲңϴȻ飬Ȼڶȴַһͷ㣬ҲǽͷڤɣҲǵڵĺڰ̶գѾεִƿˡ
常СӵϢô
ڤʵ
ûУƺһʱûг浱ˣ
˵СӵսޣԶŻˣ֪ιƻ峤ɱΣ
常ǿɲСӼң⣬ԶŻأӦñˡɱģ
ڤ˵
ͷֶ壬ˣ˵ʲôҪģ
ǣ常սʵֲ̫ˣϴںڰ統У׼ҷغڰ֮˶ҪУ
ԣԸ㣬Ҫ˶ʱ򣡡
ʲô˼
ϴںڰ磬ȫָаսսͷųǵʱûвºڰ磬ôλǿҽսͷų
˵ֻҪͷսޣҪɱ練ƣ
常˵ĲҲҵĺڰܶԸأ
ڤڴһ鲢һľ磬̨Լ㣬һС
ڤͻƿĳ嶯ѹȥˣ常ҹζ࣬Ҳһʱû뿪ڰ֮ˣǰСӵ鷳
һζܣǱ㽫Ǽϼһﶼɱˣ
һ˿âûоøոڤĻЩĺ

常˶Ű취Ը㣬ϹֵҲˣϹѾҵϹһλϳ棬ΪѧϰһŽ
Ϲʲȥ̨ϱܵһڶΪܣ޷ΪˡĳԱϹ˵һĴ
Ϲ˵磬ҪǸԸ㣿Ҫ֪ǸԵĽ㱻ɱĻҲ⵽ɵģ
ʲôֻ֪ǲɱ鶼ûУ
ʦ㣬ǻܵʦģ
ϹۣҷϣϹĵܵôҪ֪ϹĳԱʦҲ׿Ϲ壡

㲢֪ŸջصѾҪԸˣĵо˼ʱʦڽ缺ӳ̶ȣѾԶԶϹֵˡ
㲢ûоʦĶãضҲҪԼϻõ棬ֻڻû¶
ĵУͬʦڣһžǿʦʦеĻɶ
ȻԼʵСҳ֣Ҳûλ棬ֻнԼʵЩһʱ򣬲ܷһ
ĵ򿴼һϤӰī˹ҲǺܿ췢㣬˺Ĭĳī˹ķ䵱ȥ
ī˹˵Ҹ˵ص壬Ѿͨ˴˵ѵ㻹ͦţģǴеѵɲ׾ɵģ
ұͨѵĻп棡
˵ī˹ߵΣ
ȻӣҪ˵ǰҵλ˹֣ûаͷ㣬ܳΪˡĺĳԱĻղ޷֪ϣ
ī˹˵ֻǣˡĺĳԱֻ˲ܼ롭
ҡҡͷѾҳΪĳԱˣ
Ļī˹ϣ˵ʲôѾΪĳԱˣҵ죬ⲻİɣ
ͷī˹˵⡮ˡûһԱԳΪĳԱ㣬ڶòˣ쵽Ϊ벻
Ĳ²⣬ֻҪǰˡܲƺܿܲ鵽ˣ
˵
ī˹ͷףˣȵҵ鱨ţܼˣ
Ҫְˣ
Ц
ī˹Ҳ˵ұԭҵĿ飬ߵѾҪһˣҲܿҪص鱨ˣ
ϲ
㻰䣬üͷһ겻ɢȻֵ˳壡
㣬˵˭أ
ī˹ʵ
ڤ
˵Уҵȷسֹǣ


常ѾУȫźڰϢЩʦˣ־֮ɫ
ҲǿǣĿ⵱Ǿ죺ˣѱ峤壬λ
ǰڤʦ𣬵ڤûӣ˵ѵ㲻̹һҵôλҲҪӰɣ
ߣڤһڵһ飡
˵
ڤһŭǲ֪ԼĴ϶Ӧøм̹Ļһһˣ
ڤһƣֱӽײǽϣʦһǲ֪ڤҪʲô˵׶ʦܶԸԼʦأ
ǵʲôϹۣ
ӵϼ
콫ǣĻЩ϶һ
ڤȵ
Ҫ֪䣿ܵģ
ҡͷ
˵ߣ㲻Щʦٲ˵䣬һһɱһʦҿֶܼã
ʲôһɱһʦ
Щʦȫڲ
ǣǾȻ˵ȴ治Ļ
ţҪԳʦɱ֡
һӺܿҪˣǳʦҪһԶŻ˵Ҫأ
˵
սȭͷһӰ˫ͨ죬˵ʲôʱ򣬰ȳϺ볤϶ѾС
ߺߣû뵽ʦηسĵһвĿģìͷָЩ޹ʦǲ̫Ϲˣ
ȳ˵
Ⱥ볤ϣãֻ֪û˸ҵĻȻһɱһʦŵĻǴһԣ
˵


1964 ׼
볤ϣϹͷɲˣ
ȳ˵
볤Ҳǵͷֶ˳Ϊڰʦˣڻǳˣ׼
ߣƾҲ̫Լˣ
Ц
Ⱥ볤϶ѾȥǽüеĹƳȫͷųȳתʦ볤תʦʩչҵУ˲żǿ
ǲĶ
֮ǺڰȻһƣֱӽʩչƽ⣬ٴλӳһƣȺ볤ϾȻڰУֱӻڵء
λ϶Ƕ֣¡
Щʦ¶㤵ı飬Ҫ֪˵һɱһʦǵܿûˡ
ΪǾô
˵Ǿ仰ֻҪ˵䣬һᵱûǷҪһЩ壬ͲҪˣ
ǾǸ䣬Ҫ֪ѾǡˡĳԱˣΪܶԸô
ȳ˵
Ȼʱ䣬ϾѾɥˣʲô鶼пġ
ѾǡˡĳԱˣĶ常ԶŻˣˡļȥ·
ڤ˵
˵ȣҲǷ롮ˡֻ֪䣬ʱĻҷĻڵ飡
볤ϺȵҪɱɱҰɣЩ޹ģҲǳˣҲûа飡
飿
󽫵еһٵЩʹȫ룬ôҺڤϳôһиô
ڤҲ˵常Ƿϻˣ̫˷ʱ䣬ģǲὫСӵ˵ģ
ڤ˫׹⣬ܿұۣƳȭһȭǿĺڰŷȳֻźڵأѪֹ
ôˣ
˵
Ȼȴǳֹͣ˺Ȼˡ
볤ŭڤʦ㾹ȻʦҪ߱ɱ㻹ǲˣ
ͦһ˵ʱҾѾаϵˣһ䣬㵽
ڤ˵
ȳϺ볤϶һۣǶ֪ɱˣûʲôǲģ볤˵䣬Ѿȥˡˡܲ
źǿϢԼ˵һطʵֶҲǲġ
ˡܲ常⣬ѵһ
ڤʧ
ûһǱһ
һڤʧ۾˲â
£ӰҲǳڰȳϵԣ㿴˿ŵĽʬ壬ҡҡͷ̫ʵ˵һطҲðٲɥĲȥԸ㣡
㣬ǳˣߺߣǱ㺦ģֵĻ͵
˵
ĻİһЩĻ㱣뷨ɣֻѪծǱѪ
˵
㣬ѵΪҵĶôҲ㻹ҽսͷųҪ֪ɲǺڰ磬ս޵ϢЩļһģ
޼ɵ˵ֻҪ㲻սͷųûаηĵط
㣬Ҫ常֣죬һｫܣ
ڤ˵
ôãҪֽܣȻԼǰԼڿʵ뷨ˡ
ڤڵĺڰѾ֮ǰǿ̫࣬ڵ㣬ȷܺһƴ
˵
˾һϣҲҵĶ֣
˵
ڳԣܵķڷ
ڤ˵
ְ֣û뵽ô˶أ
˾ҪսһȴǴ
Ϲû뵽ϹȻ塣
Ϲӵҳ֣ϴһ˿ĮЦݣ㣬ǻܵģȻֻص壬ߺߣ֮ĶԹҲˣ
ϹԭʹԸ㣬û뵽ȻҲӰ뵽˳ƺҲûطȥҲ׼֪Ȼ鷳
ã콫ȫɱԺ󱾵̫ƽˣ
˵
ڤ˵˭ˣ춼ҵУ
Ϲ˵Զ־ܿҲһˬ죬ǴɣҾһԿţ
ڤĵгһɫУегźɫϢһƻЩڰ糱ˮһ㳯ӿ
һЦȷǽĴ󣬲ҪԸңԶܣ
ûʩչ˫ȭȻȭȻչһȭǽڤĺڰȫ顣
ȭҲûп֣˭֪ոƽڤĺڰ
ڤһɣüͷһ壬ƺԼеĻҪӦ˫Ƶбŷһڰ棬Ҫȫһ㣬ȻȴǱŷɫâ
Щɫâڵҵܣһ㼫ǿĽ磬赲Ǻڰķա
ֻϷô
㵭˵
ⳡսռϷ磬ЩʦģԭֶǿƹλϻڵأǶĻ̡̻
㣬
ȻԼͷŵĺڰһЩСϷ浱Լ޵еôڤһӶҪѹڽ£Ҫ㣡
ڤŭ˫ƵʩչԼǿĺڰһȻƸ۵һһ޷㣬ôѾֻɱˡ
ȻܵģһûгͷųؿڱݺݵһȭǴЦϷʵۿɲٴͷʲôƻҵ
ոڤʩչڰ棬Ǳͷų׭õҲҪܵڰķա
䣡
ٴκһȭͷڤĽųĳȥײǽ֮ϣѪֱ
󿴵һĻŭĿ˵㣬ֶҪ
˵ڶҵĶִ֣ţҪһϣϹҸᣬں϶һԸңϣĻҪУ
˵
֮ԸԼЩڸѵĽ˵ʵǼѧϰκζʵÿһǿ˲ʵõһӰӶԾһǿһȥδǼʯ
ЩʵҲǰˣʮ㡣
Ϲһ˵ҵĿֻϣСǰֲɱνȻһλڰʦʧݣֻҪҴὫЩȫɱ˭˵ȥأ


1965 ɱ
Ϲʵϲ֣ϾΪʦӦžԵĸ߰һոձʵʵֲ̫ˣԱ̨ϻԼǿΪ˱ϹǾ֣ɱ㡣
ҲûпǣڤֻͬһҪɱ㣬ʦ֣ɱһЩ
㣬Ҫģ
ҪֶԸ㣬ȳҲǵ˵ϾڵʵѾ̫࣬һϹĴڡ
Ҳûã
ȵĵзɫâ·һɫķЩڱŷͬʱϹҲʩչһ˺
ˣ常ڵĺڰޱǿټʦߺߣ
ڤӵոձˣЩʱڽۿš
ϹΪһ벻ǣϱŷɫâȻǽǵϸûа˺ۡ
Ȼסˣ
Ϲû뵽Ȼ˱Ѫеĵס˵ĺϻµȴûаʱٴʩչǿԸ㡣
ˣҲǱ۵Ķ֣
㷭һȭȭڣֱӺϹ߾ȻȭɳȥЩˤڵء
ͷŵĺڰȻСûκЧô£ѵйɣ
󰵵ͲŵɫʲôȻܹסڰ
ڤжǲ⣺常ôܵס
Ϊڰ޵ô㣬ҵɲκ˵ģ
˵
ûȥ֮ǰҴְƱԴڸǿ̫࣬ҲʹԳɵ㣬ӵ˺ǿķʩչĺڰʹ͸׭
ǿ־֮ɫںڰ統УͷųսޣСڵʵѾǿˣټսޣǻ˵ã
ϹͽȻ˵Ҿ֪ڰʦ̫ףԸ㣬ǵÿһˣ
Ϲ˼ʣһȥҪľ
ҲûϹƽϵ˼ԾվһԣҪϹʲôµǹƥԾ
ұΪߵģ鷳кܴ׼ˣ
˵
ϹЦûаգҺα׷ɱ죬вɣ
Ϲһֱʵа취ûʩչͽԷ߷ɳȥģȻȴûôҲ֪ϹΪ׷ɱ
ô
Ϲ֮ǰ̨ʩչǶ㵲סϹĵܾǽ
ϾʵԼԶҲֻͨеһЩؽıһࡣ
֮ŭ
ϹȫŹâͷųɹʹţһܽ㳹׻ɱ
Ϲεжһ޽޽˸âϹҲǽ޽ָ㣺ɣĳˣ
޽ֱ̳ȥǻӴһҲ˸ž޽ͷŵĽâ
ȻȴǲȫɢɫâǿʢƺȥϹʩչ⡣
ߣ˵ֿô͸
ϹҧȻ޽ͷųĽâϣȴһӲҳˮһ㣬ֻһ˿˻ûа˺
Ȼվԭأ·ϹոʩչĸͲһһ㡣
ôܣ֮ŭûԸôǽҵʮĽѵ޷ƽԷô
ϹǰһУҪ˵ոպûл㣬ǿΪڰԼʩչִ£һڶԸ㣬ʩչոѧֵ֮ŭ֮ŭ޷Ը㡭
ʩչôߣôҳ˰ɣ
˵
ʵϸոϹʩչ֮ŭ쳣ǿ󣬼ѾҪⱣķ׭ƣʩչǿ̶ȺȻҪʩչߵʵйأոһʦʩչĻסȻϹʵ࣬ǰġ
ϹûзӦһȭһֻоԼϵĹͷҪȫɢˣֱˤڵϣˤ˸ʺĲ
ʱҲ֪ԼˣĻ֡
϶㻹ҪԸңɣ
һȭֱӻؿڣ߱ɳȥѪ磬ڵһϢ
常ˣ
ڤ˵
ʹ˵ǲĶ֣ܣ
Ҫɱ㣡
ڤ˵
ϵ˶ûȫãȫڰ𣬵վǰȴûʩչڰѾȫ־ǰˣһԽĸɽ
һһֱ벻ͨڤֶֻˣΪҪôã
˵
ٴ³Ѫʹ˵㣬㲻ҪҶӣһ
ԭǸӹϵ
ҡҡͷֲõڳʱͦڤֶֻϵĻܰﵽ̶ֳȣǸӹϵĻˡ
ڤӣ
ȳϺ볤϶Ǿȡ
ڤԼĿɿڴôܣҸĸȻˣ常㣬ôҸף
ڤҴˣʱ㸸ĸѾڽˣһǳ㸸ױչصʱ򣬺ᵶᰮҵӣһ֪
һ߿ԣһ˵
شȫϣѾǸˡ
ôѪ
ȵӾݵĻҪѪƫƫݺӻǼٵģ
Թһĸӻģ
㣬㣬ҪɱҶӣ

ҪɱңĹô
˵
ڤŭûĸף㲻䵱ҵĸף
㱾Ҫɱ˵ģǸһ־磬㶼²ˡ
ڤѾˣڲ֪Լ˭һһͨôѪľ顭
㿴һ۰ȣ˵˱ϾˣǽǴɣ
Ҳǿ㲻̶ɱ֣ʵϾȳ϶û뵽ڤȻӡ
ϹΪᵱУҪӳңû뵽ûɳң׹ԴȻײ档
˵ϹΪҷŹǣͻŹôߺߣʼǸ죬ұ㳢ζ
Ϲ˵⻰ң˫ֵԼǰƺҪˡһ̣һȭȻϹܿǱȭɱҵС


1966 ŭ
ϹһҲǲٿǶԹѪӣܿ췵
Լס޵ĵطѪҲǿǼ㣬иһһֱ㣬ҪвңҲһܣ
ѪȻбڵѪҺﶼѪԣϹ㣬Ѫǲ˵Ļͽɱ
ѪҲǲͶԷಫʱϹѪȥȷ֪䣬Ҳû
ûˣǸһѾˣ
˵
ˣôˣ
ѪĪɱɣ
ͷѪ˵ɱĺããǵʱǵ壬סĵطҪԸˣ
ϹʦͽܣɱҲ֪᲻ǳ鷳
˵
ʦͽܣҾʦӦú㣬Ӧòɣ
Ѫ˵
飬ұȺʦ֪һ
˵꣬ܿ뿪סĵط
ĵУϹһֱںʦ˵ʲôϹۿ㣬ҲǾȣʦҴȥˣڶûл
ţ
ʦ˵㣬ɼϹ
ûУ
ҡͷ
Ҵȥˣôûأڻûл⣬һɵģ
Ϲ˵
ôôֻǿϧûм
Ц
ڻϹʲôλһĻǰ󷽳ϵҲûʲôҪϹʲôҪĻȻ鷳
ԼҪΪˡĺĳԱϾõһϣҪϳĻȻ̫㡣
Ϲۣôô϶ȥˣ
˵
⡭
Ϲ֧֧ᣬҿڡ
˵
ҴҪдģԣģ
Ϲ˵
дƾô
ҡͷȻȥɣǻҪôˣڵ֮Ĳʵ̫󣡡
ϹҲǱ˵뿪ĵ
ʦ˿ܣûһˣ˵㣬ңһ飡
Ϲɹһ׼ɱңȴǱҷɱ
˵
˵ʲôĽϹɱˣ
ʦ˵
Щ̫ԾȻ˼Ϲѵʲô˲õ
˵֮ŭǲɱᱻɱûѡ񣡡
ʦҡͷ˵ϹϹҵϹԶ嵱Ǵ壬㽫ϹɱⲻڸԼɱ֮𣿡
Ϲң
㵹治ԶϹ塣
ϹϹۣмǿĸ֪ǸҲǽӽָ
ʦ˵ԭ׼Ƽ˼롮ˡΪˡʽԱ˶̨ϱܣҲǾǵʵǰ˲μѵĻǻһ㣬ҶΪǵ룬û뵽㾹ȻϹɱ
ʦȻǾ鷳˼㣬Ȼûпȥ㣬֪ԼȻǸ˴鷳
аǲɱϹһ򴦴鷳ɱҲܿж°ҽŪȥ
ԼеļֵԶϹֵˡ
治ɱ
̾Ϣ
ɱʱ򣬿˿
ûУʬ嶼ҷˣԼ˵ȥ򲻿ҵ֤ݣ
˵
øոû׿ڳϣĻϹˣ㽫⵽Զ˵׷ɱ
ʦ˼ǣ׼ң
ס
ԭǳô鷳ȷʵð㣬Ϲʩչ֮ŭַ˵Ľ㲻Ե޹ɱģ
ʦ˵׶Ĵ
ǣʦ˵ϹҵϹǱߵҪ׷ǲӦοϹɱģҲʦ㣡
˵
ƿԶеʦϹû֤ݣҲûҵģ㣬İɣҵĵúôڣκģ
ʦ˵
ͷûٶ˵ʲô

Ϲ۱ǷϹңϹԸ񣬾ԲԵ޹ʧģʱƴɱƣʧˣ˱ɱûĽ͡
ϹϹҪֵ꣬ԭǼĽǶʧʦĹھҲǶԴǣ˱ϾϹҵļ̳ˣϹϹȻϹҪĴڡ
Ϲ۽һϹ̸۾µĵطǴʱȴֻϹһˡ
鼮
ҽ游ף治֪ܷס
Ϲҡҡͷھ֮ʱϹҲǽе鼮£˵۶ôģҪ͵ɣ
ףģ棡
Ϲ˵
±˵£ôϹĶӣ̫ųˣ
Ϲѵ
ף˵飬ϣܱ򶨣
ұ򶨣ߺߣԶŻˡ١ϴг֣ҲûнŰ֣ʲô̬ʧ⣿
ϹȵһλĴ󽫾
ԽϹԽԼ˵ὫϹŵ
˵
磬ˣ
Ϲ˵
ˣ
Ϲü
Ϊ˶Ըһλʦ֮ŭǵΪֹûлѾ
Ϲ˵
˵ʲô֮ŭһλʦ
λʦʦھ㣬ѾصĵһɴѾɱˣ
Ϲһ˵꣬Ϲ˫΢㶣˵һ飡
Ϲ۶϶ظһ顣
ǲԵ޹ʲȥģҪһ˱ɱĲݣ
Ϲ˵˵ǽĳʦѾصĵ⡭ѵıɱˣ
ϹһƽӴ顣
ף
Ϲվһԣ֪˵ʲôá
ɱҶӣҪǳȫ⣡
Ϲŭ
ʦƺ̻㣬µʱӣ
ӣҪĵˣ
Ϲȵ۶żмλϣ
Ϲ۵ͷ
Ϲ˫ȭȻŵ涼ѿһ϶׹⣺ʦȻɱϹĶӣϹδˣұҪǳ峹ʧ˭޷ֹң
ܿ죬Ѿλϣֻ֪ϹټǣȴǲΪʲô顣
ǳʲô飬Ȼ˷ŭ
гʵҲǿϵĿֲѷ죬о첻ѡ


1967 ʹ
⼸λ϶ϹسǻδϹ˴𣬾Ȼ涼Ūˡ
ˣ
Ϲ˵
ˣ⣬ôܣ
мλ϶׷ҡͷš
ʦɱģѵ۶ƭҲɣ
Ϲ˵
ϹҲǵͷλϣҴ֮ŭȥ㱨֪ڻûл˳Ǳɱˣ
֮ŭ
һλ˵ȷҽ֮ŭû뵽ȥ˱
Ϲ˫ð𣺡Ȼ֮̿ŭģ
˵ʦʧ裬ҽҲûа취Ҫ֪֮ŭΪ˱˵ĻҸģ
ˣ˵ʲôˣѾóʧˣǼʲô
Ϲ˵
ɱĻǾ֧㽫帲𣬵ǡ
ûʲôǣھǰĵ㵱ʣ
Ϲȵ

ĵС
ҹ
ڵھޣʦҲԣʦһ̨ѾҪʧüͷ΢壺ɢǲõԤףѵӴ˽ô
գ
ʦܹ洫ĽŲаϹˣҪء
ĵĴűѵһײһ׶㣬Ȼߣѷɣ
˵ϹۣиϹȻ˻
ʦ˵Ϲۣѵ֪Ǳ޵ĵطôУñεأ
˵ʲôϹʦϹЩ˵ˡ
һλϹĳ˵ʦҪһϹļ£ʦæ
ʲô·Ҫĵڴ
˵
ϷͲ㶵ȦˣҶϹҲͽڱɱ㾹ȻһԲԣСĵоޣߣ㵽ûнϹУ
Ϲ˵ʲô˵ɱϹ
˵
ҶΪ˶Ը㣬֮ŭǵڶ䲻СӻɱĻ˭
ϹϹѾʹˣҲ˴𸴣ûмϹôɱ֣
ҡͷ˵
Ϲĵˣûнٵ̻㣬ߺߣݹҷˣ
Ϲȵ
ʱ˫ϹۣϹģѵ㲻Ӧô
ҵȻɱҴ磬Ʊˣ
ûҹңʦ˵֮ŭޱǿҵûΪʲôһվ
˵ԽѹȫϹûд˵
ôţô
Ϲ˵
λϹĳ˵˵Ļмֵҽ̻֮ŭܹʮôǶ֣
Ϲһֱɱ֣ȻΪ˶ĿΪ־㣡
Ϲۣ
һһ˵
Ŀⶼ۽Ϲϡ
һɱҴ磿㣬㲻ҪЦˣΪҸ׻ô
ҲⴧģϹۣںκ֤֮±һɱ֣ǿ벻̣Ҳֻ˵һЩģ
˵һֱɱ磬ʦ֮ǰΪʲôΪϹֻӣ㣬ڼλϣԼʦ츳ϣǾԲģֻҪһڣͱԶıӰУ
ǲԶϹģҶʦĹھʵҲӻɱϹʱ䣬Ϊ˶ûл롮ˡ
δӸйϹһҪɱңһ֮ŭһԸңȴǳעнɱ
˵ǲǣһֱҪε࣬Ϊ㽫Ƶܽıô
ϹŭûɱҴ磬ףϹ죬һɱҴģҸûۺ磬磬ô֣ܳ
ϹѾ˵̬ʧˣҿ϶ɱϹΪϹ̫˽ˣʧ٣ֻǱɱȻΪʲôܹɱܹͷ֮ŭϹҪ
Ϲ˵ȻͷͷǵȻҵĶӣ㣬˵ʲôҽ춼Ҫߣ
Ϲƽ֮ǰı겻Ȼ
ʦ˵ѾǡˡĳԱϹ߻þ˵ͬ⣡
ˡִĿôߺߣȥƺǶǲǷˣɱһϹȨģ
ǱǸϹˣǡˡеĺĳԱ
ĳԱ
Ϲо죺ܣĳԱֻԶˣСǸʦ浱ʲôô
ǰǡˡΪ츳ıˣΨһһλΪġˡĳԱ
˵
Ҳţûнӵ֪ͨҪߣ˭Ҳס
Ϲȵ
ԵЩ϶ǿƣһ˶޷ѹסǡ
ͷŵǿȣаǿֲԶ嵱ǿߵʵôȷʵÿһԼ֮ϣûסԼˣ
Ȼǰûаų֮⣬ϾȻűǾսޣս޵ʵԶԶ󣬸Ͳİռ䵱չֵǰ㣬սһֱУҲѾҪսʱͷų׼
Ȼ򲻵뽫սޱ¶ϾʶսޣЩ᲻֪ʱԼҪˡûܡ
ȻЩҪǿд֮ʱһâŴĵŷ
âֵͬʱӰҲǳȺ֮С
һɫƷͷϴɫĸֿ˫ųɫâ쳣Ŀ
ˡĽʹߣ
㣬˶ϳ
ʦɫָֻҪλʹߵĳ֣ϹǾͲˡ
Ӧþɣ
ұλʹ˵
ܿųʾš
ȷ㣬ǡˡΨһ֯ĳԱǽܲģ
УɱҶӣң˭ܽߣ
Ϲȵ
ʾıţ
мλʹ߿Ϲ
ŭϹļϹҶʶô
Ϲôǲ˼ǡˡֻϿɱţûǡˡıţӣҲǰˣ磡
λʹߺȵȻϹʶ㣬ԶĴ֮һϹļԣոЩۣҵû˵谭ǴءˡеĳԱݹǲ


1968 ܲ
ˡǺӵһ֯λԶ嵱κһ֮ϣϹĹϼ壬ҲǾԲܶԡˡĳԱָָġ
㻹ǡˡеĺĳԱϹû뵽ʹܲҪλʹӲƴĻϹҲ£ҪˣôϹҪĴ֮һ׳
ϹѾɱˣǿеλʹߵ潫ߵĻȻϹȫ˶ҪΪǺͨ
ϹŭģҲ֪ǰʲôƣλʹ߼Ϲһֱû˵һ˱˵㣬ߣ
Ҳǵͷаһգʹߵĳ֣ԼȻҪϹߣʱȴĽ̿򣬵ȻҲڰ·ὫսٻȻ²ߡ
ף⣬ѵͿǽ˴ô
Ϲ۲
֪ԼԶλĸߣǲ⡮ˡнʹߵȨΪϹηˣǿϹһ̬ȣ֪Լ̫ˡ
ߣ
ʹߺ㶼ܿ뿪ĵڰ˵һһλҲͨѵУ

Ѫ
㽫ֱ
ȷдˣԭֻǽӻȥģȻѣҲ˳һȥɣ
ʹ˵
λʹ߶ֻΪ˽ΨһĺĳԱȥԱʵ϶ʹͳһӻܲ
뿪ĵ֮Ϲһǻŭ޴ɷһ˵ΪˡԱСһô㣬СȥĺǣҶҪʬΣ
ʦֻԭشûϹ
ߣ
ϹҲ뿪

ѪھϣҲԶ嵱νġʱг෴λãڴʱյʱһλʹҲ˵СӣҲǹ󵨵ģȻϹļϹǰ˵㻹ɱˣ
㲻ʵɱϹĶӣѵˡסô
ãǺĳԱλСֵܣҪϹǿдˣĳԱ൱ӵԶ˵ĻѪûҳԱɱһƽ񣬻ܵɵƲô
ǲ˵ϹĴ֮һô
ΣĴչͻҳԱǲ֮ǧֻҪɱϹĶӣԺҪĵ㣬ϹŹģ
ʹߺѵ
Ժעģ
ҲǵͷһԵѪ֪֮ǰʲô飬ҲûжʣѾ⼸Ѿ鷳ˡ
ˣ
ǵܲǺӵ֯
ʹ߽˵
ʱгͣһλϣλܵܶ޴ǿߣŨϢҲߵľص㣬㿴ǰһŵĸ¥ãһЩ͸һķݡ
Щô£Ϊθо͸ģ
Ѫʡ
ǡˡĸ߿ƼˣȻȥ͸ģʵǿģЩܹ⴩ռκһõ飡
ʹ߻ش
㶼˫ȣҪ֪Ҳһ߿Ƽλ棬Ǻ⡮ˡͲܴˣЩݾȻܹ⴩͸ռݰҪһƼϵգǱܶ˵סˡ
⡮ˡĸ߿ƼԶֹһ㣬㿴ֵȫǴгʻЩгջоζҲǡʱг֪⡮ˡͨ쳣
̫ˣû뵽Щܹȥôģҵ죡
Ѫ˵
սǡˡ˶Ǻһı飬ǴˣͻûʲôģΪԽԽǡˡǿ󣡡
㻹Ǳ˵ôٷĻɣʵ⡮ˡ˽ɣԶãţˡļ̼ܶߵĿѧҡӦö˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ǴȻأ

Ѫλʹߴһ͸ã˶һλʹ߽͸õǽϣÿһţҲǴС
ڲȴǲܿĴûа𣬿͸ݵƣֻΪ˽ʡԴ
ߵڶ㣬ѾоǿߵϢһλʹ˵ǵǽǴȻ˸ǽӦøʲôģ
λʹƬʧǰ
ûɻƬ̣мڸмų֡
ǿ㣬Ǽ⼸ڸжȹĻм
磬Ǹոջ˵ţû뵽ͳˣ
ʲôʱ򵽵ģ
ʵ
ã˵ǵҪȫˣŻὫǷڸţ
˵
Ҳǵͷֻȵˣ
˵꣬ҲǾ̫ģǶһйΪ߿ˡ
¥Ųٷ䣬ЩƺҪñܴ򿪣ǿʶ޷̽Щ䵱еʲô״
û߶ԶҲһ¥ݿڿһλǿߣƺſڷϣ˫񣬲֪Щʲô
ҪӽʱŷӦˣ˫һ˿֮ɫ˵ӣӦǽ˰ɣ
Ҹոռ롮ˡ
˵
ᣬֻǿϧ
λǿ΢΢ҡͷЩΡ
ôˣѵҲӦü⡮ˡ
ûʲôҪΪԼѡ˵ģ
λǿ˵Сӣ⡮ˡпɲ˵ֻܸ㣬ʲôţ㶼ɣ
㲻ô
㵭˵
ǿһ˿ȣƺǱ˼˵ԺҲҵĿԵģûѪͬһ㣡
˵ǺĳԱͨԱĴô
Щ£Ҳܶ˵
ҡͷ
˵ʲôʱ򣬲Զǿߣǰкǿ־壬ļ򣺡Сӣףˣ
ıӰɪͺҶʱпƮ䡣
ûȥ¥㣬ϾЩЧǿܴ̽ʲôϢصԭѪȻڵȴԱĵ
һˡԱһʮˣҲѾʮˣ˵ǶӣҲǶ˴Ϥ٣໥ĽҲˡ
ɭˣǼһһôק
˵
Ҳǿ˲Զһۣɭλ˳һôʮѾȫ롣
ߣĿ磬㣬첻ƺִⲻأ
ɭһ۱ǿ㣬̷˵


1969 ĳԱ
ڸ˵ʱ򣬽ɭһֱӦеķͷ˹ʴ壬ٴȱȻоԱýɭߵģСƾʲôˣΪԼǾô
ɭʲô˼Ƕӳô
˲ˬ
ڸУǾѾ֪ɭƫˣɭִʱ򲢲˵һܵұӵģɭ㣬Ȼǲˬˡ
ѪҲЦ㣬ʲôʱúúýѵһˣĻҪһֱĻܲˣ
˵˭裿ЩƾԼʵվô
ɭ
˵ȴﶼ磡
ɢǿƣѹĽɭЩ
ɭSţͲͬΪSŵǿ£ȴһ˿ηҷ㡣
˶Ѿ˰ɣ
һһźɫƷ˳Ŀ⵱ϣ˵һʮˣǸڲŵĿǻᱻֳɼС飬ǺԼڵĶ飡
ʮ˱ֳСӣϵѪҲֵ˿һСӣСӵĶӳ
Ƕӳأôû֣
ʵ
ǽɭΨ²˵ʵãˡѾ޳˰ɣ
ǡˡĺĳԱұҪȥң
˵
ĳԱ
ɭЩĿࣺôܣûѪǳ˰ˣһ˳ΪĳԱôЦˣ
ɭҲĳԱͨԱ֮ķֱ𣬵ҪΪĳԱǰҪӵԶѪֻǳˡ
ɭô
ʵ
ǱȶĽɭ
㲻ҵСӵУĻһԺ·ң
˵ǽĺĳԱѵҵĻҲҪô
ɭһæҡͷҲɣ
ȵ뿪ɭߵУҲǷ߷߲ƽôᣬƾʲôΪĳԱҲSţΪβҳΪĳԱⲻƽ
ͶӳԶˣ
Ц
ȻһĳԱʲô˼ýɭ˼ʣǷǳõĲţ

һ⣬˨棬ܿűƿ
˽ңҵŲٴźɫƷˣǿˣҲ˵Ӧþ˰ɣΨһĺĳԱ
ǣ٣
ͷ
ҵһˣڵǿڿ֮һ˵㣬ڸУҵǼ㣬˽ƼΪĳԱǼҲǴӦӦøеޱңΪǺĳԱΨһһλûѪļһ
ǿȻ˶ΪСܹΪĳԱǼôö˵أ
пĳ٣ʵģڸУҲ͵˽Ϳ֮ĶԻ
Ҳʱ֪˺ĳԱͨԱ֮Ĳ
˵ǡˡеĺĳԱÿ궼ڵݼǰʱ׷ɱԶŻ˸شֻۣԱȱԲ
ǡˡְǽԶŻȫ𣬵⼸ƺļ󣬸˲鷳ԶŻ崫١Ѿܾûг֣ǳ֣ǡˡҪʧأ
ҿǻȱǰ̸ЩصĻˣոռ롮ˡܶ鶼ףŵ
Ц
λǰҲûг¶κ
㣬ǿϣԶŻˣУԸǽɱ
һλ˵㻹ǲǵǼλɱ˵ԶŻˣ
ǵãǶ£һһ̣һȲ㣬ƺȳӣǾǵòֻۿ֪
Ļûκͱ鶼൱λǼλٶǵͷϾȻ˵ĺģСʱ飬ܽò
˵ΪǡˡĳԱԸޱȼ򵥣ڻǺĳԱӵԺյݣԶһЩԱԲ㣡
ǶԼСӣأҵС
ʵ

λٶЦһԵĿ͵㣬ǺĳԱһǲҪִģȻзǳֵҪ֣
ǳֵ׷ɱԶŻˣ㲻㣿
ȻһͨԱ޷쵽飬ЩǿԶŻˣ
˵
ôͨԱƽʱʲô
ʵ
ܸӣҪάָλ棬֮ȶԼԶǺӵеİλ
͵
άָȶ
ȥ㵹ǾЩͨԱЩǹܵζ˵ĻǸѻˣǲΪλˡ
ͨԱ˵ֻԶΪǺӰλӶһЩܰˡ
ԼͨԱϹҲа㿼ǱὫԼɱ
㣬ĿǰҪϤܲһЩطǻʵ
˵

ͷ
ˣȴɣȻСеҲҪ£
ǣ٣
ͷ
ѪҲǿСӳԱżλҲǼ򵥵Ľ˼ѵطȻЩѵطһ˵ͨԱûʱѵģΪͨԱʱ䶼񣬲ûкĳԱôС
֪
˵
ңҪʲôϣ
ĿǰûκѵҪԶŻ˵һЩϣ֪֪˲ܰս
˵
ͷҴȥңͨԱǽֹڵģʾͿԽȥˣ
֪ҵλãҲûļ˵㣬ѵҵл϶ǺĳԱʲôĻѯǣڻҪ⼸λԱȥܿҪǰˣ
ѪҲ˵㣬û뵽ǺĳԱҲһŬģ
С䣬ɹģ
˵
ڿߺ㲢ûֱȥѵ˵ΪˡĺĳԱȻҪȡһֵϣҪ֪λ˹˭
ܿ⣬ҲǽϣһâԶ򿪡
൱źܶ涼ܲϴ
Щ񶼷ı࣬ܿͿһдԶŻ壬ҲǳԶˣʮôࡣ
ʵ̫ˣҪҵλ˹ʦǴ룿
üͷ΢塣


1970 
̫࣬һĿʮеı£ҲҪѲʱܽЩϿꡣ
ҾǿЩҲһܹҳס
ЦΪԼΪ˺ĳԱҪҵǷ׾٣û뵽Ȼѡ
ȻҵǷϣҲǸɴԶŻҪ뿴ԶԶŻ˵˶ϡ
ŲٹԶŻϣԽǷԽǾò˼ʾǺĽ׶ΣԶŻΪǿ壬Զ޷ԶŻ˶ԿǣԶŻһ㣬Ǿ̫ͣԶǿһֱѹԶŻˣ
ϼţԶŻеа壬ΪаԶҲĺ֮½ˡˡˡǽԶŻˣҲνа
ԶŻа壿ģ
ЩĪ
ϻдšˡڲֳɺĳԱͨԱгԱڡˡĵһξ֪ԶŻ˵ĵˣˡռξǽǡ
Щ϶Զ׫дģͲ֪Ǽ٣ŵԶŻѪҾԶŻаĴڣʼҲδ߹Լʵ˳Զдģ
а
ôԶŻ˵ôȤô
һȻ
΢΢Щ𺳣Ҫ֪ûиܵҲ֮Уʵ֮ǿҲûԤ⡣
Ȼȴǿ
ͷһۿ򣬺˵ýţǺĳԱң
˽һЩԶŻˣ֪֪ˣԺִʱܹˮ©
˵
츳ҺܴǡˡвȱǿߣǶʵΪ̫ˣ˻в鿴ԶŻ˵ϣ
ƺĴ𸴣ǡˡҼŴ󲿷ֵԶŻϣЩϿ͸Ȼ˽ԶŻˣʱԸǽаգ
ͷ
Цһܲûмȥѵѵв̽ԶŻ˵ϣضЩոǰ;
л򳤹٣
˵
кֽܿ뼸ǿߣǿǹͷ
û˵ҲǴż뿪ˣ㲢ûмҴȥϾҪҵԼҪǷϣ£㲻罫ʱȷѵϣϾҵ֣ҲҪд
ոտվ㶼ûиܳҲԼʵһЩǿҪϲٵġ
һѵңҲܹѵʦжһЩǿģҲ֮ǰڸִй񣬺ǿߵӰս
ѵҵҲżλǿߵӰǶ˺ɫƷڸԵкӰս
ܹܵѵҵײļҳ̶ȣǶԸǼӰӶǸƳǿӰӣսҲѽѷ֣ܹĶ
ߵһǿͶӰǱϣмťťֱдһ屶ʮǰٱ
ڸеǿͶӰôûЩЩťѵǸԼļʵͶӰǿӰô
㰵
ûж룬ֱӰһİť
ͶӰǵͶӰһӰӣӰվǰıǳҲûκδӰսš
ͬڸִʱԸӰһ㣬ӰӲû֧̫þͱɢˡ
ӰӵǿȺ͸еĲֻ࣬һǿȰˣǿȻӶѶȣ
㰵
İť˲ͶӰֳһӰӣӰӺ֮ǰǵӰӿȥûвȻԽǸΪ׺ݣһȭֵ֮ǰӰӵ
䡭
ӰսȻʱ˵㣬ҲܹӦ
֪ЩӰӶͶӰǸԼģ壬ЩȻܹǲ߱κǻ۵ģԾԼȻͨսļɻܡ
㰴屶ťʱȴںӰսĹ൱ⳡսһֱһʱ㽫ӰӻɢԼҲ۵ͶӰǱϵϡ
˿ѵʦеǼλǿߣѾ۵ϣм˻ڽš
Ǹոռɣ
һλǿк
Ҳǵͷ
ǿҲǿ˹ƺܸȤոǶѾѵڹۿӰսôӣ㵽˼
屶
˵
屶
ȷôûмĸ˸ոսӴǿͶӰǾ͸ս屶Լ

˵ˣֻһĳԱ룬һԶˣ츳ȷ죡
ǿ˵
һ˵˶Īһǰ˾ȻԶˣ
˼һ˳ΪĳԱض˺ܴľģ
һλǿ߾ȻֵϣЦݣ⼸һﾭѵѵǰʱ䣬һԶˣǻ˸أˣ
Զô
ԶŻɱģַײУ
λǿ˵ҲҽܵǱˣǶұǣҲУ
⼸λǿ߿ȥ飬ͨⱴ˵ĽܣҲЩĳԱƽʱĹֻѵѣһˡ֡ǱҪȫ
֡񣬾׷ɱԶŻˣǡˡмΪĵ
ǰʱ䣬ѾִйһΡ֡񣬵ʧĳԱһλԶŻ˶ûлɱ
Աʵη塮֡ģΪԶŻԶеҪǿ̫࣬ǵľʵֻÿֲݣʱʹܹɱһԶŻˣҲҪʹۡ
ԶŻˣǵУʱȶħҪֲ
ԣеʱǶѵѵϣԼܹøǿڡ֡
ҲаЩһһֱѵѵǣǵʵѾǳǿˣǵľǿȴǺԶŻ˱ȲˣǿǿȸϵĻҲǲеġ
ΪԶŻ˵ԵʣǽһЩʧܵʱϲԶŻȻϡ٣ǿǱܽЩԶŻȫټĻǲܺ͡ˡ⡣
㣬˵Щ£ҲҪ̫ɥϾǡˡĺĳԱܲѵĺܿ죬ˣ츳ǡ֡ҲҪȥɱ̫ǿԶŻˣ
㲻Ҫġ


1971 
а㵣ģǼѻɱԶŻ˲֪жôжôģȻ㻹ǵͷԼѵкúʵ
ڶܻ屶Ӱˣ㣬ǰ;
ǿ߹
ܵ˵ǰλǿ߸ӡ󶼲ȻǺĳԱǲûʲôԽУΪ֪ĳԱѣвִ
ѵ죬ɻʮӰʱѾټѵѵû̫ˡ
Ͼ⡮ˡܲŲѵңǿͶӰֻһֶǵķ
صǸŵķ䣬Ǹĵ˹ԢԢһˣǸġ
ڻˣڵϵʱǿٹҶƹִͻˣǻһģδţҲóˡȷʵƼ
ڷ䵱˵ʱѾһٽĽ׶ΣǿҲȻ£һ;ƽǳҪ
ЩΪʲôЩĳԱѵҿִУȻԶŻ˻ܵԭֻעıԴȴû뵽ʱܹԽ
Զǿ˿ɵУԶŻͬԼƣǿܵص˺Ҳ
һʧ죬º󣬿Ҳҵķŷ䵱ѤɫâҲڱչ
ʱҲǸܵĵҪ֪ʵȻ֮ϣǲಢ̫ʶܹܵĴڡ
ǿĻʶͺѲ̽ˣо˵ʵѾһˡ
ӳ
˫ۡ
ҲǵͷжʱûпˣΪѵеģĳԱҲ˵ֻѵ죬ûѵгֹˣû뵽Լ䵱бչأ
ﶼأҾһǱȽϲ徲㣬Իѡڼоޣ
˵
Цҿɹܲˣмһ£
ӳ˵
ǶҪСִһ񣬵Ƕ鵱һˣûиԭڼѪֻˣԣʱҶԱϣ
˵Ѷϵֻܵͣǰ̽ûԶŻ˵ĺۼУҲҪץסǣֻҪ㱨У
⿭û˵ݣᵱϵľ;ܾȻΪԶĿܣȥѰԶŻ˵ļ⵹е˼
ҵԶŻˣ˵㻹ܸ˽ǵһЩ
˼ʱ򣬿Ӧ㣬֪ðŸˡãұ˰㣬ʵڲȥִ񡭡
ʲôʱ䣿
ʵ
ϻڲٳϣʱ򣬡ʱгὫ壡

ͷ
Ӧˣллأڣǲһˣ
˵
壬Сļôȥͼ˵Ĺϵǲ̫ã֪ص徿ᷢʲô飡
ҲͻȻ뵽һ㡣
һҹʱܿȥڶϣڲٳϼ١ˡĳԱȻ϶ͨԱĳԱ֮⡣
Ҳǿ㣬˵׼ʱģҶеԱͰ㱣һˣҿɲϣٴˣ
ӳһ˵ǲҪȥִģԣǵĹҲǳɣǿӳԶԱȽģܵ˺
㣡
Ѫ˵ѵӳ˵λضԱˣ
Ӧǰɣӳ˵Ƕ鵱һԱһ£
̫ˣҶûˣ£ҶѾִǿ಻ԣ
±ִ
ȻͨԱڡˡеӲù
Ѫ˾ıϣκһִĻСӵĶԱонɭҲǿ㣬ǲмûе泰㣬ȥϵ˲١
ѪСӵлˣѪǺĳԱҲǾĿ⣬Ѫ˵ڸУ㣬ҲܹѵģĻѱס
ҡҡͷС䣬ȥִĵأ
Ѫһ˿ǣǡˡĳԱҲҵĵˣҲỶӭҵģ
ԱʵΪʲôС䣬ͼ֮Ĺϵѵô
ûʲôǱˣ֮ѡĻҲص壡
Ѫ˵
ڸнѵѪԸص壬ҲؼңȻһìܵġ
˻δѪôĮҲǲٶһ䡣
ܿ죬ͣͣˡĳԱӾıѾˣ㿴Ѫƺһɷߺޡ
ִʱûжӳģеһжҪԼ
ҵǣǵȷǳ򵥣ֻҪ̽嵱ǷԶŻĺۼʲô鶼Ҫ
УضܼȺԶͷҺɫǳǳ˹ɭȵЩϮǣ˳ˣ
ס֣
ѪȵǶҵĻ飬ɭǸɱһͷǣҷĻὫԴλ
㣡
ɭҪŭѪϾĶԱǵô˵ѵѪȥȻǻֵܵġ
ǼͷǵȷѪǣѪһ㣬һֱѪߡ
Ѫ˵ˣȻǸͲϿңڡˡĺܺãܹҲִȻȥɣ
ǼͷǸ뿪ѪѪ״Ҳŵˡ
Ǳл⣬ˣǷˣ
˵
໡
ͬʱȺǵĺ
̫󣬶ȺӶҲԣŲ˶
ж׺˶еѪƺ
ʲôˣʲôô
һλ˵
ˡĳԱִʱ򣬲˵ԼݣϾ֪ˡ֯˻
õŽôѵ
ɭ˵
Ѫһû뵽Ȼ˻شгϡ

λ˿ԶˣҲ˵ˣѹЩӶںţֲãֲã
λƺǳѪ
ˣһĻʲô׼䣬ӭӿˣⶼǹͣ
㻹ʲôѵ㳤үүɣ
Щˡ


1972 
ѪȺҰΪ飬ΪҪѪѪԣϧҰɱҪìܡ
ӳÿ׵Ըȴ̫ˣѪܵصĴˡ
ѪΧЩҰǶѪĻһ˿ա
Ѫ˵㣬Ѿ̫ʱûи߹ˣǵһ᲻ֻǼͷǶѣҺǸ˾ɵΪ
֪˼ȻҲ飬Ұѣ㿴ûɱǣȻʹҵĻҲˣ
˵ֻǣȻҪ̣ܸܳȻǳ㣬ҺСʱҸĸͲˣһģˣҽ춼վǰЩûʧȥʱ򲻻ʲôһʧȥ׷Ī
Ѫ˫۵оȻЩ룬δ뵽㾹Ȼǰչ¶һ棬㾭Ҳ٣ƽʱȥ̫ˣӦѧϰġ
֪ںѪ˵ʲôýȥҲûк˵ܿϥڲԭϾޣѪǳԾһȻκλ¶Ǹ
㵹Ҳ͵µ͵ڵΪڰ˽漶ǿߵĳڽ׶ΣļλʦϣھŽ漶ǿ߽׶Ρ
˽׺;Ž׿ȥ󣬵ʵһ޴Ŀѿȥ
ڱҪץʱȡսΪŽ漶׶ΣĻѰλ־͸еһЩ
գģԭһƬ
״̬гԶɭ˶ЩȺһİĿ⿴ǣɭ˵ǰ˸ִģɲǺЩȺ̸˵ģ˵λǵûа
ɭ˿ҲǽԼ˶ӳλϣЩζ
кõİ취
γûӽɭ
а취ʲôãѪĵ̣һж취
ɭ˵
Ѫȵ˵ﲻҵĵ̣ɭϴʲô⣬Ҫ뿪ôߣƾԼı°ɣ
ѪǵѰԶŻˣȻ󣬵Ҫÿÿȥң⻹þ㸸׵ĴӦģĻôܣ
ɭİ취ܼ򵥣һһҵȥҡ
ѪҡͷĬˣһһҵңҪҵʲôʱ򣿡
ܱɵźðɣҪҵЩԶŻˣһ취ǻɱߺߣ⹦ͿɲС
ɭɭ
ȴһ˿â⹷ȻҪɱԶŻˣ
ɭƺע⵽Ŀ⣬ľȻһ˿־壬˵ҪɱԶŻˣǰ㿴ҸѵҵʱĹҲˣ
ʵ㣬Ѫλʲô뷨һۣ
Ѫ˵ûҪһҵԶŻˣԶŻĻǵΪҪҵǣ죬ǻɣҲĻͻȥ
ȥУ
ɭҡͷ潻ǣûɾͻȥⲻСӵ磡
˵бµĻʹĶԱҰɣϣҸܹ֮ҵԶŻ˵ټ
㣬ʲô˼ΪǺĳԱͺţЩУҸ㣬ͨԱʸߵĻҲܹСӳֻҪСӳͺǺĳԱûκˣ
ɭ˵
СӾСģҪɶԼȥ취ɣ
鵱еԱ˵
ҲЦСǾͼԭɹ̫ɭȥִɣ
ߣ֮һǵ̬ȵģߣ
ɭ뿪ԭ
ɭŸսûã飬ضΪԼ
˶ҡҡͷСӵжһʱˣȻеһЩ
˵Ƕԣ൱ѶȣԵְɣҵȻãҲҲν

Ƕͬ˵
ˡ䲼ޣܳһʱ䣬Ҳ˵һִĶԱûлعܲĻ鲿Ž顣
ȻҲҵԶŻˣȻҪҵ룬ԶŻϢı¼ǿ
һֱԭ죬һԱ˵ҸոյϢɭѾ˵ǾȫѲԶŻˣ˵һҪҵ
Ǽһ
ѪǷŭҪ弦Ȯɣ
˵ûʲôȥѰɣûѵãѵĻ׼ĸʬ

ӪС
峤һֱü峤ôǸнɭļһȫѲ˴Ŀֻţ
ҪҵֻԶŻˣֻҪҵˣǾͻȫصܲȥ
˵ҿɲϣСӼǵĲԭϴˣ
峤ɭ˵ĻҶһǼһ˵ʱֻһ£ûɵĻжԱܵϳͣ㻹ǲϣܵ˺ô
峤ҡͷ
ҺСѻޣõôôֻ뿴ЩԶŻ˾ôеģ

峤Ҳ˵Ѳȥֻ˲ֻţ峤ҲҪԴΪذ
峤
˴ӾӪ˽
ʲô飿
ɭһͬشǱеһ˼Ҵ˵ģ
԰䲼˭ǣ
ǻ˼Ѿȫߣɭ˵ǾԶŻˣ
ʲôȻҵˣ
Ǿȣû뵽Ѳû´죬ǵЧʾȻ֮죬ҵԶŻˡ
ɭأ
ҲڸϻӦþҪ˰ɣ
ܿ죬ɭѽӪɭ˵峤Ҹҿ϶ԶŻˣĻҵĶѾԲܱǼһش
ȻѾȷ嵱еȷйԶŻ˵ټǱϽȥɣ
˵
У峤ǱضҪǸԶŻ˻ɱȥ񣿡
ҪɱԶŻˣ
˵Ҫ֪ǿɲǺǵģȰǻǸϽص֣ܲĻ֪ôģ
峤ѵôҪ֪СһҪΪֻҪڡˡʸߣôͺлΪСӳʱͲôණִˣ
ɭ˵


1973 
ɭĺ׼֪ǾԲ᲻ԼӵģһʼѪǰֳ̬ȣҲǺԼӳ²̨ˡ
֮ǰɭѾѪȫѲԶŻˣһΣϣɳǿһץԶŻˡ
Ǹ겻޹أԶŻа壬ǾȻҲ򣬼ֱ
˵˷ģһɳоһץԶŻ˵ģ
ɭͷҺС䶼л峤ˣߣ
뿪Ӫ峤ɻ󣺡⼸춼ڲԭϴţҵĲ»˵λò˽λɭƺìܡɭڱտڶСߣЩ֣
ˣִһʲôìܲìܵģߣǸҪСӳȻң
ȵ
峤ǳĹģҾ˵鶼ȥôˣôܻڽ黳أ
峤Ц
һۣһԲ

ԭϡ
ѪҲ˵˽ɭѾѲԶŻ˵һϢ˶൱⣬ΪǾҪȫѲҲҪ̫ʱ䣬û뵽ʱ䣬ȻѾҵˣ
ԶŻȻһȥǽɭȻ׷
㣬Сʱ˱ǸԶŻа壬ӰǺӵеİʵҵҲûпһԶŻˣЩǳʲôأ
Ѫ˵
ЦҲѾȴǲ֪أȻǽɭѾҵԶŻ˵ټôҲȥԶŻ˵ģɣ
ѪҲǵͷ
˶Ӵԭ뿪ȺǺУҪȴ˵Ĺ
ֻһǳأ־ͽǳǣǳǵͱǵ̫࣬
ȥһԶŻڵļУļѾҳϡãҲ̶ãͨЩĶѿ⻧˼ҷǳĻΪ˺ɽˮԼһڵϼ
һ˵ĻͨеϢžȷķ򣬵û̽˵ȥȷԭȵ˾ԶŻˡ
ϾҲֻǲܽϢصô
벻ͨǣֻǽɭ˰ˣбҪ˿ľͽԼݱ¶ôϾѾôá
ûǳǵľ֤һˣ
Ѫ˵
ǻҪѰ䣡
˵
ӺζңûѰϢأ
Ѫ˵
ȴҡͷҸоûо֤һֱȥӦǲ뿪壬Զģ
λ
һλսʿʵ
Ѫû˵λսʿ˵⻧˼һˣһλˣһʮ꣬λǳеһѧУѧλнɭѾǲ徫ѧУ˵Ҫã
ã
üԭ⻧˼ҾȻˣһˣһ꣬껹ѧʵѧУѧʱǣ
аʱ
սʿش
ߣ
˵
Ѫû뵽ôļӦòô⹦͵˰Ϊλģ治ء
ǳǵֻһѧУѪҲǺִܿѧУ
ǳΨһһѧУһѧϰһЩ֪ʶһЩսɣ
Ѫ˵
Ҳǽʶͷųȥ֪̽ɭ˵λá
ѧУȵѧ֮󣬶֣˸һԮȣһץ
ѧУһ䵱УɭĿأˣκ
ѧУǷѧɭ˶Ǿ۾
һ˽ƣѾƵĻ񽻸ǣһΣǲѷɣ
ɭеĻ񣬵ȷһʮ꣬ڣĿȴǾ
ѧУ߳꣬Ц磬ȻѪԣǶ˲Ǻų⣬ѧУҲǳЩÿ춼Цݻȥ
ˣǸСӣߺߣҪҲһ
ɭĿ۽ѧУſھҪһϣ껹ûиܵΣգƺڵȴŸ׵ӭӡ
οǳٵˣҿɴ˵أٺ٣
ƲûиоΣսʱһӰȺӹܿԣһЦ֣ǳٵˣôʩչأ
ΪǲٵԲʩչٸϵУſڣһ̷ɫأһ仰û˵סƣѾѴȥˣҪ뿪
оȣ˲ʶʲô飬ͷ
ݣݣݣݣ
һӰͽȻǰɭվǰǴһ˿Цûв´λԶŻ˰ɣôҴҵģҪô
ȥɭλˡĳԱһ徫ڣѧУſڵ궼Ͻ뿪ˡ
֣⡭
ǵǡ
Ȼ˵ߣǵľ֤ͲʱͿõû뵽ǾȻֵ˼ʱҲǴȥˣΪЩ˾ץסңֱ̫ˣ
ѪڰҲǽѪ˵ԶŻˣһҪõľ֤ô
ҲǵͷҲ̫ǰõ֤Ļɭ˸ûа취ϾԶŻϢı̫ǿˣΪԼѾ¶ȥҲܵߡ
ôôǿҲ޷סô
ɭЦǰ޵УΪλҪ͵͵߶أ
ʵҲ֮ϣǾܻôǿߵ֣㻹һӣҲ㻹ܱסûκˣ

˵֣Ҳ£Ǻƴˣ
ŭЩˡ߹ǺӵвԶŻ˰㴭ϢĻᣬãҪսҷ㣬Ѫɺӣ
ӴƴɢϢ㱶ϤԶŻ˵ѪϢҲеġ
֪ѧУſھԻһԶŻ˵ľǿЩġ
㣬ǣǵҪҪȥæ
ѪɻʵϾˡ齨ĿľΪ˽ԶŻˡ
ͷȻҪǰǣ
ԶŻˣ
Ѫɴ۾㣬㲻ǺҿЦɣ
þͽɭгҲûҪ˵Ļɣ
Ҳ˵ҲѾԶŻô
˼ǣ㣬ԶŻˣ
ѪŴ


1974 Ԯ
ѪԶŻ˲ûгޣҽԼǰܸ㣬֤Ѫγ̶ȡ
£ɭҪΧӣҲǸɴཫԼʵݸѪѪҲǾ֣˵㣬ڸңҶпʲôˣѪԸ㣡
Ҳǵͷ֮ǰѪû뵽н죬Ҳ˵ŶӣҪɭȫɱûܵģѾսڴΣգ
˵Ǵ
ѪҲǵͷɣٿԿǿߣ
Ѫ˵Ⱥ֮С
һôܶһ汳ˣ
˵
ЩǿȻʶѪǶ
ɭЦôǾҪ񳹵ɣܳһݹô
Ѫûֱ˵ʲô
Щǿ˵ˡĳԱץԶŻ˰㲻ҲǡˡĳԱô
Ǿ֣ΪǾⱾڰ
һȥ
Ѫ˵
ʲôǻȥ
ĪԾ
ɭҲ˵Ѫʲôߣ
սʿָӣǻȥͻȥ
Ѫ˵
ǾôˣҲڰ㰡
ҵҪô
Ѫ˵
⡭ңȻˣôҲֻܷ£ߣ
Щսʿûпɭһۣת뿪ϾУҲֻѪ峤ָܹǡ
ӾЩ죬ʲôԭôΧˣһսǿȫˣǰ⼸˵ĻҪߣӦòѡ
Ѫ㣬㵽ʲô뷨ѵ⹦ô
ɭѪԽ͡
ѪҡҡͷֻҪһ£˵ĻǷã
㣬ҪԷҪѡʱ򣿡
ɭԼҪˣһ׸ոĻĻԣҪ֪ǰ˿ǻʵԶŻˣֻҪɱȻǴһ
ôȷԶŻô
ģѪȽɱˣ㽫սʿߣƾҵûɱǣ
ɭȵ
ôһ뿪ˣ
Ѫҡҡͷתȥһ뿪
Ͳ֪ǰ⵽ʲôѪƺҲǡˡĳԱΪҪѡǿߵأѵҪˣ
ɭֻˣ˵ʵҪԸӣ޿ܡ
ɭȵãĻҪ֮أ
Ҳܿ뿪ԭء
ߣӵҲǹģ
ҡҡͷûѡ׷ɱɭϾѪĳʵ̫ˣֱǾһڶӻԣðȥ׷ɱɭ
˵֣ӦȥЩǿѾշת˲λأѵǺ֮ûһطô
ӣιְְûǰǳеľ֤ãĻƾ⼸һǶȻҲǵģ
ҡҡͷ
˵ôְְܹأһǳǱȥǾ֤ǰЧʲߣȻ컹ûиǣиղˣôǾǵأ˵ˡĳԱҪԸǵô
Ѫĳ֣˶ɻȻʱӰȴǳԡ
ǣ
üȻǰһѪһˣȴû
ǻҸط˵ɣ
ɢһɫâɫâ壬죬ϢСԶŻˣ
ƺ⸸׻ȥһ¥İᵱУѪ˵¥ϰѣ԰ȫ㣬ҾͲλ硯ļˣ
л
˵
Ѫ߳䣬Ҳ˵ԶŻˣ
ҽ㣬֮ǰλ棡
ֲϵϢһôϤԭԼˣ
ɾ衣
˵֣ҲԶŻˣ⡭ѹǻأ
ˣ㣬ոλƺǡˡĳԱô£
ֹҲǡˡĳԱ
˵ȱžȣΪԭҪǱ롮ˡԵװɣ
˼ˡÿļⶼǰϸû뵽㻹ܻУ󣡡
˵֪ˡΪĳԱͨԱӦֻͨԱڡˡӦòӰ
ѾǺĳԱˣ
ЦȷԼûѪ˭뵽ǺĳԱ
ĳԱҵ죡
۾󣺡ô쵽ģѵڡˡĺĳԱҪӵѪô
ҡҡͷ˵ִеѰԶŻ˵Ӱû뵽֮ǰѾ¶ˣ
ǵǲȻ˵ˣ͸֤˵ز˾
˵˵ʵոս
ȻԶŻˣ֪е̫ˣһ£һֱô
ʵ
豻ˡɱˣ
˵Ұִڸλ涫ߣǡˡʵ̫ˣ԰
Ҳǵͷ㣬㻹д󲿷ֵ˶Ѿ⵽ˡȺʱ䣬㣬Ҳûˣ
û뵽ԶŻ˾ȻϾ⣬ΪԶŻ˾ǿ󣬾ǡˡ׷ɱҲǲη壬û뵽ԶԶ͹ˡˡʵ
ȷʵܴˣǽʲôô
ʵ
̾Ϣһ⸽һλŰɣֻǿϧǳеѧУǲҶѧ֪ʶʵ̫Ϊˣ
ǿȥλ棡
˵
λ棿
λϵ˱ҲһԶŻˣƻ齨һԶŻ˵ˡӦûڳﱸУǿʱλţǾ԰ȫģ
˵
˵ģˡҵ죬Ҫ齨һУˡɱҷҪһ
֣֧㣬˵ĶԣλţԶŻˣҲиˣ
˵Щһֱˣ磬лγȣ
ҡҡͷҲϣһֱܵˡȺұ齨ˡҲУ
ǺãǼ̳
Ҳ˵


1975 
Ӫ
ɭһŭɭ⸱飬Ҳʵɭôˣûץô
ǶҪ֣ǣСȴǽЩǿȫߣֱӵʧܣ
ɭ˵Ҷ֪⵽Ϊʲô
ǿȫˣ
Ŀ죺ѵô
峤ôͻȻǿ߳أѵĶݣ
ޣֻϣϽɭԶŻץסܸʲôݣ뿪֮ã
ȵ
ɭҡҡͷˣСǾλԶŻһڵĻҪץǣûܵģҲǳˣ
ʧܻ
ʧܻܵϳͣƤ֮ˣǳױС亦ˣ
ɭ˵
ʲô취ֲô
峤ʵ
ûУκʧܾʧܣֻܽͷĳͷˣ
ɭ˵
峤Ͽһ峤ǺãҪܵͷˣ
ɭüҲ˵ʵҲȫûа취ֻҪܹҵһһﶥСҶûˣ
˶˭
Ƕ鵱Уһһһֱ̫ȺҾҺССӽ㣬ǸͷĻǿˣ
ɭ˵
峤ҡͷ㣬Ҽǵϵ
ϣֻǱѣСĵ˭ûƢȴǸ
ɭ˵
ȷ峤Ӧô죿
ô죿˵ҲҵĶӣˡƾʲôʹͰսɭ˵죬ɱ򣡡
˵
ɭЦߣ㣬ο㻹
ˣ鲻Ҫ̫ɱ
˵

ӣҲǻصԭϣһƬǺѪȺг֣ϴЦݣ磬λأ
Ӧ뿪ˣ˵̫ȫ
˵
ѪҲǵͷȷˡȻѸоԶŻˣҪȥǲܵˣֻɭǱߣ
ְɣ
˵
ʲô˼ѵ磬Ը
˲ңҲˣԽϸߵĻߺߣһ㵽׵ģ
˵
ʵϣҲѪеĵǣҪ֪ǿȫ˵ģʱǽɭص˸״ĻȻԱ粵ԸǼһ
ԱҲǴеķϵ˴ԭ˵㣬С䣬ɭǶѾ׼ءˡˣ
˵ʲôô
ûУǽɭǴ⣬һ
⣿
Ѫ⣺ôܴⰡ
׷ʲôˣ
Ա
˵ûʲôǹҲȥɣ
ģ
Ƕͷ
ڲԭҹ죬ҰѾ˯ţȻʱһЩСȴٴ˫
ҰǵľԷǳ֮ߣǿһӰƾֳʱǶ뺿С
ȻЩӰɢϢȴǽǵľĳˡ
Щ˶ǿߣǳڲԭ˹ȥ
۾ѸоΣû뵽ǾȻǿǰɱ
ѪҲǴӾ޵гأȵʲô粻ô
峤޴Ӿ񣡡
Ǹ˾ȻҪɱ磬Ϊʲô
ִֻģɱ
Щǿʮˣǿ󣬶漶ǿߣȻӵҪɱҲа
ǽɭֲǼһᴺ⣡
Ȼʮλǿߣûа㾪ţȫɢһɫâƻΧǿ߱ɳȥ
Ͼǰ˽漶ǿߣЩ׷ɱǿߵҲûһʵǿ
⡭Сӻǿ
Щǿа
磬Ҫɱǣ
Ѫ˵
㲢ɱˣϾжǽɭڸĻԼԩ޳𣬸ܻ˰ɱԼ
ЩǿҲûκ㣬Ѫȵѣ˭ҪԸĻΪУҪ֪ѣͱɱˣס֣
ЩǿȫͣˣȻɱ㣬Ͼ峤ҲܲӣֻĻȴЩԥ
ߣʲôָҵ£
һ
ӰҲǳ֡
峤ϣɫ£ŵϱ˵ļǿߣ˵û뵽ȻһԶԸСӣôλǿ־Ȼκβ㣬Сӣģ
˵
Ѫȵ㾿Ҫʲôѣô˰ɱҪһͬɱô
ߣ˰ǽɭԸԶŻˣҪ񾡿û뵽㾹ȻӣƾʲôӣΪԼô
ȵ
ҲҪ
Ѫ˵
峤ҡҡͷ峤ҲΪã峤ѵͲܺúýһô
ȵúý㿴лô
˵ĲҸˣҵҰɱһ̣ˣ
Ѫȵ㣺磬֪˵صܲȥҪ죬ڿǼɾ͵ûȥΪҲ֪ǸһǲҪɱ
ľҪ쭣˵С䣬ֶΪãûв´ĻһжǽɭеЩǿȥ׷ɱӣʵ㾡񣬶׷ɱңӦҪұʧܵĺڹɣ
峤ϵͷô֪ȷʵô£ǽɭ˵һҪɹĻܵϳͣǽɭ˵Ƕ鵱еĴͷҪ㱳ڹɱ
ѪҡԴЩţô£
Ҳ侲⼸һκúõĿ˶Էһۣ峤˵峤ȷʵţɱҰǣʵԼҲھΣҲԸ˱ԭΪΪɱҰǣԼʧȥһӣ
ǰС䣬˵û˵ȥ죬Ҹϣ㸸׹ϵģҺСû˸ĸֻʧȥǵʱ򣬲Żϧǰһʱ⣬ûлˣȴȻԺúϧ͸֮ĸ飡
㵭˵ʧڴԭϣЩǿԼ峤ҲǸһ뿪
ԭֻʣӣԼһֻֻںеҰǡ


1976 
㲢Ѫ̸ʲôǵȵٿѪʱ鿴ȥ˲٣Ѿ⿪Ľᡣ
ҲûʣѪ˵磬ǿԼ̻صܲˣ
죿
˵
ˣ˵ĶԣǰҲҰְҵķʽҺ̸˺ܶ࣬Ҳ˺֪ܶ࣬ԺûеβŻǰҪң㣬ڽ죬Ķл㣡
Ѫ˵ɭΪ˴ﵽĿģҵĹϵʹҰ˰ɱ㣬ǻȥض淢еĲΪȥ
ѪȥϾҪȥˣûٽˡ
ѵûһˣڼ죬û뵽㵹żǽɭˣ
ЦǴǾͻܲɣ

Ѫͷ
峤ϵҲǺܿ쳯ܲȥ

ˡܲ
һҵС
ɭλϵȺӳĵ
ǵһشԱ˱ף඼ܵˣȥҲ̶á
һӽƿȻ֣ĿȴǼΪ˵ǾȻô죬ûҵԶŻˣҼ첻ô
ӳǲ죬ʵ̫ˣ
ɭ˵
ôˣ
ԭѾҵԶŻˣǿ߽˱ǣۿҪסһӵĶԱȴֹǣ
ɭ˵
һ̫˼˵ҵԶŻˣһҪס
ЩȣҪ֪ЩͨԱֻѰԶŻ˵㼣ˣûҪҪסԶŻˣϾҲܵԶŻ˵Ļɱ
ʱȻֻˣǺ峤ɳǿЭǣʱҪסˣ練ƣ
ҼǵûĻǿĶһִô
ʵ
ǶһѪļһݽЩǿǲɢҲԶŻ˵Ķӣǵһλѻ˱ԶŻش
ɭ˵ԶŻ̫ǿƣǶǶѣһûаѹֻԹԼˣΪԼ˹ƻʧܣҸ޷ܣԲźлܲ
ѪΪҪֹסԶŻˣ
ѪڸѵʱһֱԸңܾΪԭۺסԶŻˣ¹ѫ
ɭ˵֪Ǹ覴Сˣû뵽ξȻôΪҵ˽˶ԹȻԶŻ˶ҪŹ
˵ֻԭ򣿡
˶ǵͷɭ˵ûǶۿѪǿߵߣͲץסԶŻˡ
ߺߣҪ˵Ļ㱨ȵʱҵҪʲô˵
һ뿪ҡ
˵Ա˵ɭҲǸʲôöոΪβڶӳǰҲ˵ƻǵ񣿡
㣿峤ѾСӵڻл·ô
ɭЦΪǺĳԱͺ˲أ
๼ҪǽԶŻץסĻһ˭ƻǵļƻ
ģⱾļƻѪҺ޲ýƤˣ
ɭһ

գ¥һҴС
ٺĳԱԲ֮ϣȻЩͬ
˲ٺĳԱһЩͨԱСӳ񿭶УȥǵֻμӶˣûаˡ
һλļ򣬹˵Ҳжʱûˣɺã
üǲ̫ҪӴ򽻵һ㣬˵ÿοЦҾ֪׼û£ϴҵĶԱ˵Ǽ飬ûгأ
ĶǰʱִһҲǺͰĶһ𣬲Σյʱ򣬰ĶûʩԮ֣ߣڿĶԱشҲˣʱһеĹڿĶԱϣּ䲻̬Ҳÿһӡ
ȻͰ֮ĹԶˣҲһֱΪͷ֮ޡ
Ŷ˶˵ӳؿ㣬û뵽ȴ˼ǳҪҽǰ飬Ҳ㽲ڵ飬ҵĶԱҲشΪĶԱиƻ
˵
ʲôǲȥִôôôࣿ
ɻ
Ҫ֪ĶԱûлⰲѵʲô飿
ߺߣ飬Ҵ򳤹ٻ㱨
˵
ʱҴŴ򿪣һλµ˽࣬ЩСӳ򳤹٣
ǰһεĻ㱨ȵʱ䣬ʲôرֱ˵һ취
ͷ
ЩĳԱûģһ˵٣ϴΪץλԶŻˣѳְĳԱӵԶĻѪǵҲʹԶڲһЩڷ켫󣡡
Ƕ˵ʲô
˵
Ƕ˵˵һЩǿãû˵棬֮Թص
ߣЩ޴ƽûǵıͲ֪ʬˣǺ֮˲Ϣ䣬ûĸǺӵоԵİǡˡĴھȷԶܹԶΪǺӵеİ
˵ţԹĻֱɱˣЩ񣬲ǳԵͷǾ֪ǺӵеľжôĲпᣡ
ǣ٣
λĳԱͷ
ָƽܿ˵ôҲţµʱ䣬ûзһ
٣л˵
˵
ӣƽʱ㻰࣬һΪλ˵أ
٣⻰˵Ҷ֪ڿһڱˣ
ЦҽҪ˵һ飬Сִеһ񣡡
СӺͿĶ鹲ִͬѰԶŻټ񣬲ȴˣ
˵
ѰԶŻˣ
ЦСѣֻΪ˶ԱˣûʲôҲҵģûѰҲûйϵ
ǣ٣ҵĶԱѾҵԶŻˣԭѾ񣬵ҵĶԱ൱¸ңһ뵽ǡˡŴץԶŻ˵жд·磬Ҳǿߣ׼ԶŻΧˣ
˵˶٣ҡͷһʧļƻܽԶŻһ򾡣û뵽ȴǱǡˡĳԱƻˣ
ĿȻ򿭶򳤹˵㿴򿭶ѵǿĶԱƻж


1977 ¶
ǣ˭
ŭ鵱еѪݽЩǿȫߣ٣Ҳ֪ƾСӵеĸԱǾûԸԶŻ˵ģҲǵһˣԶŻ˶ӳ䲻
Ȼ飿
üͷһ壬ԶŻд̣ԭܹεȴΪڲԭûаεҲޱߣң
٣ҶΪҵĶԱûл
˵
ʵڲǴ֪Ϣ
ûлôηǱӰɣ
˵٣ѾҵĶԱ׼Ϳӳˣ
ԣ
ͷ
ܿ죬ɭ˽ҵУɭ˿ܣаǡˡĳԱӦôŵĵطԺұضҲߣ㣬Ѫǽҳɹĵʯ
ɭǽһԼݣзȫ˵һ飬Ȼд󲿷ֵݶǾɭĵͼӴס
㾹ȻҲУ
Щȣڽɭû˵ʲôеĻѪ
٣ϾˣѪֹѾԶŻסˣȻǻðץǣΪҪ̰ͼͣΪʼն֪ԼǡˡĳԱǵռǽǺӵеԶŻȫɱ
ɭ˵
нɭô
˵ǰ;һˣڵʱŻɱԶŻˣѾһϸġˡԱˣѪˣǼģܲУҷһԴģ
˵٣ҵĶԱûлΪǵƬ֮ʱǽҵĶԱ񶨣ǷǶǵĲƽ
㻹ҪΪĶԱ粵ʲôôߺߣѾֵزı粵ô
˵
٣ѪȻһµĳԱУҲǲУҪ֪ǺĳԱҺѪĹϵҲĴ£߼飡
˵˱ͻ̣¶Էó֤ҲǼ̻ԼĶԱ
򳤹ҲᵱУǼʶģǱԳƵǸ˫Ҳûһ˵ݳΪĳԱ㣬̫ڴԵ˵ҲЩ̫ȷˣ
򳤹ƺ㣬һüһѻ𣡡
ɭԹɫҲ˵٣ӳһһʵûл㱨ΪϾǶе飬Ҳö˵
ûл㱨
ɭҪĳ
е㣬ʵѾˣ
ɭ˵
ˣ
ôܣ
ü˵Сӣ˵һ飬˭ˣ
鵱е㣬峤ɳǿֻɱ
ǽɭһֱڴĽ֣ԭ˵ģû뵽ӣҲǲѽ˵
ӳˣҡҡͷⲻģû뵽ֻСæ˭֪Ȼⲻܣ
ܼ
һƻ棬淴޴ӵеǿ߶ܳмķŭ
ӦôСӣﹻʸõٵӣӦҵҫŶԣ
ɭа
ˣ򳤹һҪĶˣôճ
ҲаЦ
˵٣Ҳ˵ǷʵˣԸΪ鸺л
Ҫ𣿡
ȵΪˣͻḴô
ٴλһƣ涼飬Ҫ֪ҵеһֿƼƳɣǾŽ۷漶ǿ߶û飬ɼʵжôֲ

磬ȻûСʱгǻٶҲǲˣǵ̻ȥ֪ǽɭ˵Щʲôأ
Ѫ˵
ԱҲǵͷ
Ȼʱһ֮
Ƕ¥Ļңѵôôֱܷը
Ѫȡ
ߣǹȥ
㣬ǺĳԱЩ㶼ȥǡ
ҵţ
Ʊ
Ͼܲʶ޷̽ҵзʲôһǴӻдȻ淢顣
㽫ڻҵĴϣŴ򿪣ԱҵʱһĿˢˢľ۽ϡ
㣿
ôܣ
ɭֱվԭؾˣͲûнгҪ֪峤ѰƱɱеǿڶֻ࣬ɱ⣬ôܴ֮ӳ
ӳ٣ǣǸոһ죬ԲŻģ
Ѫ˶Ŀ⣬ҲǸϽһ
򳤹˵ɭոպ˵㱻峤ɳǿɱˣվǰѵҪǵ۾Ϲô
ɭһ˵ңҲ֪ô£峤°ɱģ
Ҳ˵ãĸˣû¾ͺãû¾ͺã
Ǽ
˵λ֮ǰ۹أֻǲ֪˵Щʲô
ӳ˵λӳ˵ǶԱѰԶŻˣǾסԶŻ˵ʱȴǱѪƻˣǻ˵ˣڿ˵ĻһǼٵģ
Ҳû뵽ɭһ˵һ㶼ףոջ˵ˣû뵽ûйǳҵУСӣɱҲа
ߣҿƽЩƭҵСˣܶһ̣ƭңҪܳͷ
˵㣬Ȼˣôźܶ鶼кĽˣ
ոһ죬һΪԶŻϮܲˣˣӳո˵ĻҲǸȷܲĻλҪСԻˣ
˵ǵȷҵԶŻ˵ټǵʱǽȻܲΪǲȷǷǵԮ֣
ѪҲǵͷԭ뿪ˣǽɭһУƻҸҲ峤ɳǿҪΧλԶŻˣ
ǵʱѾԶŻ˵мʮ֮࣬ôԶŻˣǽɭǼԼЩǿ߾ܶԸ˵ģ
Ѫ˵ԣʱҲŽǿȫߣĿľҪȽɭǼˣϾƴͲֹһԱˣ
ƨں˵Ͳģ٣˵
ɭû˵꣬һ˦˹ȥڿ򳤹ǰСУԴҪô


1978 ħ
ǰƲҲǲ̫뱣ɭϾСʵ̫Ȼڳǰ˵򳤹ٵӡʵ̫ˡ
ɭ죬һ˫۾Ѫ㣬ȷ̫ˣ֪ȷȻٻ
Ѫ˵ȻǺҪȽɭǣǽɭ飬ϵҸףʹҸɳǿ߰ɱ㣬ã㲢ûбǿ߰ɱɹ
ˣ
Ҳǵͷ
ӳŭ㻹ʲô˵ĶԱҪɱ㣬ȴǽһжѪϣߺߣ㸣󣬷Ļһе඼Ҫȫʧ
ֱǻǡˡĳԱȻҪ㵽ɱһҪɱǡˡеĺĳԱ
򳤹ŭӽɭһʼһСͦģڿвıƣȽĶԱȥЩ̷һִ̣
̣
ɭ٣ң֪дĿҪץԶŻˣһ·
㣬ȴһӶıƵСˣļһûʸǡˡУ
˵ˣͽɭһԣߺߣȴǵĶǼ

ȵ
ȫߡ
Ļ˲٣˵ˣȻȥһִѰԶŻ˵ƺҲЩ׵أ
룺񱾾˵бȽɵ㲻˵Ҳ㽫㺦ô⻹Щ֮ζ
ȴ˵٣ʵ򿭶ӳģΪҾһֱѵѵûʵսЧ̫ãѰԶŻ˵ټҷǳȤ
ԭˣ
ͷǵʱľȷģûбȻİգҪ׺ԶŻͻ
ɢȥҲ˵㣬лոΪ˵Ļһٳǿ϶ģϾ򳤹ٶ̫ˣ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ѪҲֿܲͨԱִһ֮Ҫȥִһˡ


ɭ˱˹ȥȻһٵǰȴûǣɭ˵ӳ˵ĶԱǣѵҪôҪ֪ոǿӳǶЦˣ
ߣȻЦңһǰ²ñЦǿ
ŭ
ӳҲ֪ȻûбɱǸ£
ɭ˵
˵ǿ򳤹´ǶӳҲû취ǴӼоȳȥ
ӳ취ɣҪı˵Ĳǿӳô
ɭ
ߣԱ˼ҲùģڼţлĻһ򳤹ٷһ
˵

һҲĿǰԶŻ˵жôϾȻ㲻ԶŻ˵еľǿߣǶҪأûһӣѪǿߵߣǺܿҪͽɭͬھ
֪Ƽǰλ棬ҲֻǾԶŻˣǺ֮ԶŻԶֹˣǵ״ģ
ˡҪĿΪѰ˹֣еʵ̫࣬޴֣ڵʵֻа˽ǿߣʦʦʵھŽǿ߾磬ڻûʵԸǣ
ҳ֣ûʵǴλ棬ʲôô
ٶ룬סչء
ʱ䣬ҲûǿӳҲȥִʵǵִгʲôõ״ҪĻ򳤹پԻὫһƵԼ
ݵʱȥ˼һ㣬ܲĻҵУ򳤹Ҳһ䣺ǵ˭ô
˶ҡͷһ˵ǰҵѵмѵ֮󣬱ûټ˵ʵڵ츳ʵ̫ǿѵĵһѾܹս屶Ӱˣ
û´ĻӦסĵطչذɣ
ӳ˵
ͷչôǷħԸ񣬽Ҫһλˣ
ˣ
٣ÿѡε˲ǶѾѡôôˣ
ȻҲǳ׵ˣǰԶҪְҲǡˡ
˵⣬˵Խˣ
Զ򿪣һλźɫƷ˳ǰҲĻȻϳǰ˾浱еī˹
٣
λǰ鱨Ÿɵķǳɫī˹ǡˡʵҲΪǺĳԱļ٣Ͷ鱨ƿ
˵
лٿ佱
ī˹˵
Ѿ㿼Ѿãǡˡ绢һȰǡˡ鱨ţ
ī˹ض߾ȫ

ͷ
ɢȥ֮вٳԱī˹˽⵹ǿֺΪī˹ƼĳԱǳر𣬾ԱĳԱһ㡣
ӳҲ˵ī˹ǰҺй֮Եһæʱǿû뵽ļǡˡˣ
ҼˣʱǸһǺеﷸṩ㣬£㲻˵һˣڳΪˡˡĳԱԺգ
ֻһӳˣڿ鱨ŵҪԱҪ˵˭˭һأ
˵˵ʵһ롮ˡĳԱر˼ǰʱͰҲæԺ鷳ˣǲ
㣿
ī˹ɻ󣺡ǲǳʦ
ǳʦʶ
˵ʶеʦĿǼһжùھȷǸţ
ī˹˵
ǰţΪرããҾܹݣ
磬˵ҵͦʶһ
ðҽס㣬ӦڱչأЩʱҲ٣
˵
л磬Ȼȥһˣ
ī˹ǻصԼסһЩƽʱҪõĶźãһСһû뵽ڳΪˡˡĳԱ֪ҵʱţһı顣
ī˹ûŵһʱȥ㣬Ͼ֪ǸħͲʲôʱء


1979 
ѹֻΪΪվŵӦǿǴ򿪷ţȴɻ
ô
û뵽ɣҲ롮ˡģ
ī˹Цζǰаɣ㣬ǳΡ
棬˵ְܻû뵽ֱӵˡˡԺڡˡҪߵ·ƽ̹
˵
ͿȻ˵һĻΪǾô
ī˹Цڽ鱨ţ˵ģԺܰ㲻æˣǼüĿô
ûܲҵʵ̫࣬Ҹ޴֣ҲϾڵʵʦǻһ룡
һģϢһʱ֪ͨ㣡
ī˹˵ǰʱ򣬾ͳԼ롮ˡֻҲǻҳԱ츳Ҳ̫ǿԸûлû뵽ξĳٻƼҼ롮ˡ
ɫȻī˹ҲǲԹɫ㣬Ҽ롮ˡҪԸԶŻˣʵҴС֪ԶŻ˲˵а壬ΪҵĸĸܹԶŻ˵ĶݣҲһѡһԭɣ
ͷ֮ǰִԶŻˣǵٲά裬ˡϾɱ˻滷
ī˹ο㣬ǡˡĳԱȻҲ֪ΰǣԺ󡮴ˡĲٻ񣬵ȻҪǣҲ㣬Ϊλϣһ·ҵģ
ī˹Ҳæʵ㲢Ƿҵģ¿ǷˣҲҪǷ㣡
˵
ģԺڡˡΣ϶ҵģֻҪȷһ㹻ˣ

ͷ⡮ˡлûмѣī˹Ȼ԰̫æұҪ齨һԸˡ֯ī˹鱨Żᷢشá
˽̸Ƭ̣ī˹뿪סϾҲҪϻ鱨ű
Ϊī˹ĵٹþ˭Ƕ˹֣Ҳ֪Ҫԡ
ڹȥ˫ۣ¶һ˿ЦݣһµҳɹͨгһҵΪҲѾִŽǿ߾磬ǿʦҲԲԿ
ӵѪ񵶣ǽŻͷųʦҲܽܣ
㰵ȻΪǡˡȴǿƣǿ򳤹٣ӵҶΪͻ漶ǿ߾磡
Щ൱̿࣬˺ܾûнͨ춦УҪ֪ͨ춦ᰴеΪѶȣһܵʱųسɹЩ
ԽǼգջҲԽѾӵоŽǿʵѾ浱Щǿʦˡ
ճţҲѪģЦݣ磬ִее񣬼ԼܿȺӣ̫ˣأʱܲ

ϿЦ
ѵûȥִô
Ѫ֣Ҫ˵㶼Ѿôˡ
һֱסĵطҲûгȥӦ֪ڱչأûдң
⡭ĳԱĴҲ̫˵ɣ
Ѫ˵ҲŸ񣬽쿭ӳᣬµҪ´ˣ
˽ǿӣҲӦȥմ֣
˵
пǲӭͨԱģ磬ҿһߺˣ
ڻƶ쿪ˣҺһȿӳɣ
˵
ѪͷңûеȶãҴűǴ򿪡
ٺĳԱǿжЩȣҪ֪Ѿһûֹܲˡ
򳤹ٺͿӳҲǴӻ߳򿴼㣬Ҳ˵Сӣոջڻ̸٣û뵽ͳˣһ£¶ڱչɣ
ҲǸеԼЩԶŻʵĲܴ󣡡
˵
ȴЦ츳Ҫѣµľ˷Լ츳̿Һο
ѵûȥִô
ʱûУǡˡصѵĶû֮ǰ
˵Ǻһ뿪ˡ
Щӱ飬ˣֻѪ㣬Ҳ˵ǰЩ죬ǡˡ׷ɱԶŻˣʧأǰֲΪɣ򳤹еĽɭλԱ
˵٣Ӧˣ
ʲôɭǾȻûб
Ѫ˵Ҫ汻ųˣһ취Ըǵģ
ں֮ڰˣûҪǣӳ£֮ǰ﷢ԶŻˣһǺĳԱ
񵹲ִеģһ˵λ棡
λ棿
Ǿ֮ɫ
ȥ
Ϊλ㾪ȡ
ҲǵͷǰȥһΣǸλ棬û뵽ȻԶŻˣ
ȴЩ˹λϣڻλ浽׷ʲô飬ɡˡأǱϾ˹ֻǸͨˡ
С䣬ְ䷢һˣ

·ϣصλ棬һߣĳٱض֣ᷢǺأ
һҲǴ㣡
ī˹촩ĺʽһƹǳϸװ
˵Ҫȥһȫĵط˵
ҲǵͷһҵУܲķ綼ǳǿң޷ʶ֪䵱е
ī˹˵⼸춼鱨ŵ鱨ƴţŲļоһǹԶʦģ
ʦôˣ
ûʲôֻһ飬𾪣
ī˹һۣǶԸǺﷸ˹ļ
оȣ˵
ļʾʦʩչӡ֮Ը˹ģ
ȷô
Ȼ鱨ŵľļӦǲģ
ī˹˵û뵽ʦƼ롮ˡģȻҲף
˭ֻҪ֣ҶԻὫλģ
˵һ飬Ҳ̽
ôˣ
ǰЩ죬ˡǷһǻɱλԶŻ˵ģҪ֪˹İȫбǵ䣡
˵
Щ춼о鱨ŵļûȥ̽ЩϢȻ¹λ飬Ͼܰ鵽鱨
ī˹˵ȻȥҲغϣ


1980 ж
ī˹סɫأʵλ浽ôˣ
ҵõ鱨ǣλŲԶŻˣˡǰЩҲǽһΧ񣬵ԵǣˡʧأȻλϵļλԶŻҲش
ī˹˵˵İ˹ͱ˵䣬һ֪Ϊ鱨ĻȻǵܵΣ
Ҫ֪ĻˡضɳĳԱԸǣ
˵
ҿʱӦǰȫģǱץסˣǱȻõϢģ
ī˹˵
ͷֻˣ֪¶ףԸҵҪĿ꣡
Ըʦ
ī˹ҡҡͷˣʦǶ嵱ǿʦˣʵɲ⣬óȻǰ棬Ȼ
аգ
м㡣

ī˹Ǿȣû뵽ȻаնԸѵЩΪͻͽô
Ҫ֪棬ʦھѾī˹൱ˣŶ̶ûжӣȻ˵ԼܶԸ
ҵ죬㾿ǿ츳ûչ¶
㿴ī˹ԭأҲ˵ҵҸ뿪ܲ
ȻǺĳԱ뿪ܲȻᱻ˲
䲼˶ԸλЩԶŻ˵ô
˵
ڻûУ˵ҪЩԶŻһ
һôʱһμ񣡡

֮󣬿ӳס˵ǿ򳤹
㲢ʲô飬пǳҲ֪ܻλϵԶŻйء
㣬Ҫиȱ֣ǷԸУ
˵
ʵϣֶȱȥðյģϾǡˡص
ҲҲӣ
˵
ǲμӵĻǲǿģ
ҡҡͷȺ˵ɣǰʱ䣬λϷ˲ԶŻˣȻΪͻȻɳٺĳԱҪһ򾡣ֻǿϧԷƺһֲ
ˣ
ȡ
⼸ԶŻԽԽƻˣԽԽҵǵټҵˣҲܹǴشˣ
˵ϴͿеĶԱķʽͺ֤ܲǸͷ˼·ļһԶŻҪã
ӳҲ˵ε񣬿򳤹Ҳ׼ٴɳǿǰλ棬׼ЩԶŻ˳һȻѡμӻǲμӣ
ᣬҵȵʵ̫ˣҲμӰɣ
˵
ƺμӣϾСӵ˶ǱԶŻɱģûأ㣬ΣסУ㲻ҪΪ˶ԸԶŻ׺ƴĳԱӻֻҪܻţ
ٺҶԶŻ˵ĳ֮ģλֻһԶŻ˶ѣǡˡ𣡡
ԣٲŲϣȥգ
Ȼλ˵ˣضȻоõĻᣬһṼ
˵
Ǿͳɣʱһλٴӣ
ã
ͷ
û뵽ȻҪμ񣬱ԼĻȻÿɡ
򷢻һ㲻Ҫգѹȫޡ
ڶ죬Ҳܲһ¥ѾվʮλǿߣĿ£һλ³ٵ֮£վıֱ
λ³λˣӸ㣬۴źɫ֣ƺֻܹߣӲԶҲ˵㣬򳤹㣬ϣ㲻ʧǰԺҰ׳٣
ǣ
˵
ȻûпϵҪǿҲڳ˵ǿһžǰҲǿߡ
Χ԰ӣȻáˡĺĳԱǳһŶһ㡣
ǶεĶ˭һΣٺĳԱΧԶŻˣ˵ҵֵһΣҪһ̣ҪЩԶŻҲҷ
ȵ
ǣ٣
˶ͷס
ƣҸеοǲЩԶŻˣʱгѾ׼
˵
һľǰ˶ȥ
ھ֮ϣҲ뵽Ȼл뿪ˡҪȥλ棬ҪصԸȻҪȵ֮
㲢ʶΧĺĳԱǲٺĳԱƺ㣬ǵмλԱ˵ⲻһЩ㾿ģһ˵ݳΪĳԱֻЦЦûôش
ʻٶȷɿ죬ûãѾܵλĴˡ
ʱǰİ˵λ漴ˣ׼һ°ɣ
ܵЩĳԱм¶׹⣺ߺߣЩԶŻˣξҪ֮أ
ȻзŭȴǲɫʶͷųȥֻҪһִλ棬ܺܿӦеˡ
㣬ҲܼôĵһնɱԶŻ˵˵ǱɱģᣬնɱǣΪ˱𣡡
ƺҲ㣬ǳ֮ǰҲǺͰҪһд۱㣬Ȼûпǰ㿴㣬پ׷
ұضȫɱ
˵
ƺܹʿЩĳԱ硣
λͣͣʶͷųȥԲʶ
ƺһûа
˹ڵľ¥Уȴûа㰬˹ϢȥˣΪβھ¥У
Լڰ˹ߣϵϢӦü鵽£ԼȴǸӦϢ
㣬΢΢ҡͷЩԶŻϢıǺ˵ڶûĸҳƵһû뵽Ѿִλ棬ǸӦǵĴڡ
٣ǻ᲻λ棬ϾӦ֪ǲŹǵģ
ôȷܣԶŻҲŰǵģǼȻشһΣ;ҪشǵڶΣǣҰǲģԲᣡ
ԶŻ뿪λ档
٣Ӧô죿
λǰָ֮󱻱ͳһΪǰķֲͼУһὫǷֳСԶŻ˽е̺ʽҵǵټ
˵


1981 ټ
һ˵ţһ߽ͼ˳˶һ飬ġ
ʮĳԱֳ飬ڵ飬ø𱱱
˵ǶԶ嵱ĺĳԱϣܹЭһЩа˻ɱ
аˡȻָԶŻˣǿһ㣬ҲҪȼ˵Ѫ
ЩĳԱƺܹ裬Ҳٴ˵һȥݷñˣȻ󿴿ʲô
ˣ
аҪȥұҵ˵ĻɲĶ֡
뵽Щ汱ˡ
ȻǷΪС飬ǲûо˭С鳤С鵱л൱ģȥ˵
˺ܿϵǣǰⱱǵǼΪڵҲǵ˻ϳ
Ӧþǵͼеıˣҽǰ˷ɢȥѰ֮ǰＯϣ
˵
Ľ鲻ǰóȻѰңƺ˷ɣ֮ǰϵ
˵ͷ
ͬĽ顣
ȻڣǸҲŲٳǳأҲǶԽ뱱УûһĳԱ
ȻַǷ㻹û߼Ǳϳǰ׼ҵľɫŮ档
ȻҲû뵽ʱ㣬ЩԼ۾Ҫ֪Դ뿪֮͸ûпˡ
㣡
˵Ų𾪣Ҳǳͷʵôأ
仰ӦɣǰЩ컹ڹȱչأ˵зսң˲ƽգҲҪ˳̽һ°˹
˵ķӦҲȥ¥ɣ
ǰ˹ھ¥У
Ȼ˵ţȻͰ¥
¥еĻƲǸˣȻʶ㣬˵ϰ壬˹ˣϰǰʱ䲻֪ô£Ȼȥ֮󣬾ûٻˣȻϰﻹûзнˮɶʱ
һ࣬Ͼ˹뿪ˣЩƵнˮû֧ȻǻƣȴǲмҶ¥еǮҪ֪˹ЩƼã²ȥǸ֡
ϰӦûҪʱŻɣȽнˮҽһ£¸ϰﻹûлĻнˮ
˵
ϰ壬ô˼ϰﶼҪ뿪ܾð
˵
Цˣ°ɣ
Ͱ¥Ҳǽ밬˹ķ䵱У㰵ⷿѾвٻҳˣ˹Ѿһʱ䣬ʱӦǡˡڶԸԶŻˣǰ˹ȥأϢҲȫڣǷУ
㶼һ֪
ڷżѾù˵ķˣŵζ
˵ڹ˵дǿλ棬ǲǵĿģ
棬㻹ǻصȰɣλ治̫ƽģ
Σʱ̣㲢һֱԼ
㣬׷ʲôˣӼ㣬͸оЩ²һ֪ʲôĲô
˵
̫ǿǵĿ겢ǰ׼ңλҲûκιϵڻвҪ죡
˵߳¥
濴ıӰҲǾñЩģһôǰһˣô˵⻹ô
ֱ¥Ҳκΰ˹˿ôأȥ
ȻҲҲ̽ԸܻΪġ
ʶͷųȥȻûиоս״ԼҲǽϢڣð֪ԼҲ
ܿУҲֱȥʦס
סһˣǷ䵱ģʦûʧӦڴУϵȴʦĻ
һʱ⴫һЩǸ񾭲϶ѾʧһʱˣȻϵ٣Ҫ֪ĻҪôæµǼһ߶߶ģΪԼΪܸôߣ
ʦƿţǾȣָӣô
ոǲиˣ
ô֪Сҽϲһҽϵ䣡
˵
Ҳȥ򣿡
ֻ֪ǰʱ䣬λ淢սңʱϾʧˣսƽϢˣ˲ƽ񣡡
ʦ˵ϾһЩɽбչΣܸоǰʱսйأ
ǰ˵ûУ
ȻûϼбҪ㱨ȻҳΪǿܳǱǵĳʦҿɲ
ʦܰ˵ʵϸոڴ԰ɣ˵Ƶһ£û˵ʧܺսйص뷨
ָӣǰ˭ʶ
ֻǿˣ
˵ʦһһЩ飬ô㣬βܺǰ˵ҵĴڣĻ룡
˵Ĵڣô°
ʦɻ󣬵Ǽ㲻˵Ҳ˵Ǻãָ㣬ȥϵȫĻ˭ܲ鵽㣡
ˣ
ͷܽڱгʧȷǸİ취ðġ
ܿ뿪˰ҵķΧ
˿ɫѾҪˣ뵽ЩĳԱԼҲǿٳųȥϾͰ˹ȻѾⱱУǵû뿪λҲǸδ֪Լȸ⿴û
Ȼûҵ˹ͱ϶һ㣬ӦǰȫģҰ˹ӦǺͱһ𣬻ӣ֯ҲӦóˣӦǲصһԱȽϰȫĵط
һţҲѾ⣬ȻȴмǿɢЦԼŮ˵ķ
ٺ٣С椣ǼƯģ㺦ʲôǶʵˣӴ򲻹ǣ¿ˮ
ǵ˭ңҵĻǰ׼ǲŹǵģ
׼ң
Ϥʶ̽ȥȻǰ棬ĳԱΧţȻ⼸ĳԱҲֻҪռռıˣɱ
ЩһﻹƽʱܲѵûŮˣһλ浹Щ޷ˣܶԸԶŻ˲й
ʶоǼλĳԱԽԽƽˣҰڵȫǷӡסˣֵ֫ް취
ոճһ¿ˮҲǰ֮٣Ҳ屻Щۡ
ٺ٣СˣҵҪṹ׺ʲô𣡡
һһ˫צЦ


1982 뻢Ѩ
ЩˡĺĳԱƽʱһֱܲѵټŮˣλ浱мһŮӣǻĶǰʵ̫ˣһֳ׵ĸоЩһҲ׼һ𽫰¡
ס֣
һ
˫צĺĳԱĪλѵıӵôȻӢ۾
ǵڰǰˣˣ㣿
ԭ˫ۣȫȫԷӡסˣҪһ
Էһ㣬Ҳ۾ȻվԼǰѹָоϤ
㣬ǶˣŮ˾ɫǣҲģǸһƬѰֻҪҶ˵˭飿
˵
û뵽ԭһˣȴǾ˺ԼģЩǿ߾λأѵλķʲôô
ǰ㣬Ƕ֪¼ĳԱһΣǺһɵĻǱ֤Ժܲͦģ
ҲӦأ
Ц
Ӧ㣡
жðֹͷȻϣһŮôõװģô
һΪСͦϵģڿЩʶʱˣǼȻѾˣ;֣㣬ٸһλᣬٲʶ̧ٵĻݹǲˣ
ɱô
Ц˵ǸûʵɱңУǱ֪ˣǵԴܲڲϣ
ɫȫÿ˵ʵǵȷǲҶԸ㣬Ͼһ̫ܲܵĹעˣĶˣȻǾԻᱻ̡
ûпסǵݣޣ
ߣ
ĳԱĿ½ߡ
һƾʲôȻŮ˴ˣ
ҵ죬ŮΪʲôߣߣ
㣬ȥӢ۾ʵͲһ𡮸ɡǸŮˣܣ˵ҪעԼݣԼޣ
ֻǿϧʵ̫ˣǸûа취

Ű뿪˱ǣһ·ϲ˵Ȼӵɻ󣬵ȴ֪ô㣬Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ǶǺӵǿһˣȻĿĲǶԸǣģͰ׼ңκΣյģ
˵
ͷұ׼عȵģû뵽ڳȴǣֱ㼰ʱϵҡ
ȥ
ûˣ㲻Ҫ룬Ҷû뵽飬Ƚͻعȣ
ʲô⣬Ҳ˵
ͷһôҵ˼ǣһ֯ģ
ǰɣ㻹֪λĿô
һܻܰɣ
ǵܣҺܸӣǣĶ̫࣡
ҡҡͷ
ЦˣˣҿɲϣôӵĶ
㽫͵ȣеЩϼҲϲ˵㣬˵뿪λˣû뵽ʱôã㻹ǻˣ
Ͽ㽫ͻзŹ⣬ΪڴϵУģܹϲԵò顣
ǰҲͰ۹飬ȴǽ˹ƣȻҲȻ˵飬ֻҪĶ㣬Ǿ㹻ˣ㣬һˣضвŮ׷
ҲΪοԼҪڹҹһ㡣
˵ҽȥ̽˹֪ǵʱһЩΪǿĻˣ㼰ʱ־ң
ΪǿĻˣ
üͷ
˵ˣǵʵɲ⣬ԶλϵǿܹԸģҲͰ˵ˣȻǿ󣬵ǲ˺ǵģ

˭ð泤ľɫǣǿߣԻᱻɫסɣ
Ц
ôأ㣬ûбסأ
ϣ㡭
˴һۣʲôԼҪܷ񲻵Լ档
ЦУһԣʱ䲢λ棬Ҫ׿˼ˣ
㻹û뵽ϻ˼˵ģﵹͦ˵ģžɫˣżΪҪ飬黹Ҫһˡ
ϣλҪ飬עƯһԺ᲻λ涼˵һԣðңܷĵ𣿡
˵
룬Ȼͷ㣬㹻أҪ˼ǺӣҲչ˺ģ
ϣ
㿴һ۰棬Ҳ˵һֱҪҪңΪһ˼Ǻôҿɲ뿪λģ
ҲǲΪѵ㣬ȻиоҲóƺϲԼǿŤĹϲ𣬶ҰҲԼһҪĿŮˣ
Լƺ˻ѨǽͻعȰˣȴǱҪȵŮҪյλʱȻܣڣûʱȥôࡣ
ϣ棬ʵڻһЩҪڣ
˵

ص⣬ĳԱϥڵϣƺھޡ
ܵĳ֣ȫ۾һˣƣߺߣΪŮ˹ҹģû뵽ôͻˣǷĹһ㰡
ССѹֹֻǸŮˣǵ֪Ƿ湦ô

ǶڳЦ㣬ҶΪȻǰ淢ʲô顣
ȴû⣬ϥڵϣѾھģʽ
СӣǹԵģ˵Ȼûа㷴Ӧ̬治Ӧӵеģ
ҪȻôܵǵأΪ츳ǿôô
ߣҪǳСӣոǾͽСɱˣ

Ӷ˵ӣ㵱淴ܡ
ΪݣҲǲ֣ܶҲһԸɿţ鶼ûˡ
ʲô
һ
λĳԱȫЩ˵٣ѾڱǸһˣûзֵԶŻ˵ټ
ϷŮˣҲô
١
Ƕ𾪵ĺܣû뵽Ȼ֪顣
˵һ뱱ǵΪڳɵ飬ҵʶ޷̽⵽ôֹǣĻߺߣǡˡҪǶˣ
ŭһ˦һ⣬ЩҵĶոշһУҲǹһ٣


1983 
ĳԱʱϷ棬뵽ѱӵʱ˶⣬Ҳǲҿ
˵㣬Ůƺʶ
ǳʦǰ峤λλһʱ䣡
˵
Ҳǵͷ·еɻȻˣ㣬ովͽЩһȫɱˣ
٣֪ˣ
Ƕŵɫ԰ס
ûпڡ
˵ѹǡˡںͻĶԿսŰܣǶЩӶǾҺİ׳գ
ţĳԱɫȫѿǲ֪ᷢʲô飬Ҫ֪ǲ˵ĻɱҲǿܵġ
ϷŮ˵ʱǲһܵôأҿˣ
ȵ
վһԣǼλĳԱѵҲаҲΪǵϷŷôģҪԭǰûҵĴڡ
ҪҵЩԶŻ˵䣬ʱǳҪǱˣҲ֪λˣҲ᲻֪
ƺЩˣҲǿ㣺ǰλӦҲʶһλ˰ɣ
ǣǱϣǾ֪Ѿһͳ˵λ涼յУ
˵
ͷȷʵλݵˣνȷʵûмܲϢ
֮У
ȡ
ʹ˵޹ʧǹһʱֻ֣ײβЩɣ
ü
ٻⱱҲԶŻˣ
Ҳô϶֮ҾⱱضйŹ֣
˵
ҲǺӵеġϽˣʱҲǸоⱱƺЩס
˵ҪҵĻƾղ²⣬Ǻģ٣֪ԱǷҵ˿
Ըܹҵԭִ֮ǰҲѾλ׼
ҡҡͷ
һҹڶ죬ԱѾ˹϶ƣɫһ˵٣ƬǶѾһ飬ûԶŻ˵ټЩһ治֪λ棬һֱţ
ԶŻϢı̫ǿȻλ棡
˵
٣ҪһֱĿĵѰңҪλ淭׳죬пҵأ
һ˵
ȵǾߣҲҪڳ
ɢǿƣǲԶŻҵ;Բ᷵ܲһ㡣
ͬҪҵ˹ǣǿȻֻãĻǻһս
ʮĳԱûҵԶŻ˵䣬ûлģ쿪ʼѰңҪŹ˿ţǲز˶õģ
ǣ٣
ԱɢȥҲǿһ㣺ԭǲκ˵С鳤ģγ⣬㣬Һúùܽǣ˭ǸΥɱ⣡
ԸԼķϲ˭ΪС鳤סĳԱϾǳΪˡĺĳԱʵ֮Բ̫࣬ΣΪĳԱһĴҲð̵ʶʵӽ˼̫ԶҲǲеġ
ǣ
ͷ
ĳԱҷΪʱǱסҲûʲô
㽫Ǹ˳˷ɢѰңҸѰĿҪϸһ㣬һʲôҪȻ
ҲǵͷӦ
㣬ⱱǸ㣬ҺܷģȻУҼҲ壬ҪȥطѰټ
˵ｻˣ
һᱣ֤Ƭˮ©
ͷ
ȵߺҲǷ˵߻оĪĽţֻʵɲ⣬֮㶼Ҫǿϲ٣ڡˡеλǷǱץʲôѱȻԼԺڡˡǳû졣
ڣִڣûа㻳ԼĳԱԼҲǷǳԼ
ЩðˣϾƹűǸ򣬶ñͰ˹ǾҪҵطΣӦҲǲԶġ
Ҫ֪ԽΣյĵطԽȫ
˺ããԶŻϢǿǰ˹ڵϢڵ޷ܵҲǲ߽Уİ֮£ûһλĳԱģҲ±ƽϳ
ʦһЩ󳼶е飬㣬ǳ˶һ㣬дϲ
Ҿ˵ˣָӶѾعˣǻţ˭ˣ
ʦ˵
ָӣָӣ
Щ󳼶ϲмȻǵҲмεĴ󳼣ȻҲǾء
˵ʦλ󳼣Щ죬Ӧûзʲô°ɣ
µûУǰʱ䣬˲ƽ񣬶Ҳûܸô£
оϣʧˣһΣ֪ȥչˣǱϺָһģȻȴͷУЩ󳼶Щ
֪ǵ˼Ҳ˵һλҲΪԼʵΪλϣ߾Ҫ̭뱱УԲŻѡչء
ң˵ʦĹñĺƽ̩񰲣
˵
˵ҲҪȶסЩ󳼵˵ʵԱǻвٸģϾ˲ʱ䡣
ʦһ˵⻰ǿģϾЩǸΪ˵õд󳼵Ͽɡ
Щ󳼵ϿɣȵϱϿеϲأ
ָӣԴӳڱǵʱҾһֱҲӦõģȻҲԲʧ
ʦ˵λ󳼣ָӸոյĻҲѾеһЩǰɣǱûʵĻ֪ᱻĸСأ
ǣǣ֮ǰûָͨһˣ
˵ţҲǸоЩԾкûһʧС
Ӱɿ죬ֱ⣬ܵĳԱ߸
ûɰǲŸոȥѰǵټôô
а
鳤²ЩԶŻˣ
ӰЩٵĳԡ
ɫ԰ףҲǲʲô飺˵ʲô
ȽϽӽԱһжȻȴǿһλĳԱԶŻ˼
Ƕ˵


1984 
ԭҪǰæģȻΧԣǾͻлˣ
λĳԱԵúܽţ㣬鳤ǵһʱ佫Ϣ㣬¶Ӧô죿
ȥǴ򶷵ĵص㣡
ܿ˵
ָĵطǾ뱱ǲ̫ԶĴǣǰҲûھеĵͼⴺҲһϵĳǳأ˵оڳǳصУƽ൱飬ǱУΪһǳء
ǳһֱûгֹκ⣬ҲеĴ󳼷ġ
ǽ⣬ȷᵽ˴򶷹ϢȻֳִ֮󣬳ܿһ̯ѪգٸܲϢ
ҵ죬ѵǽɱˣЩɶԶŻˣǲú
һ˵
ΪܹŵǸϹû뵽ȻеһȥĺĳԱ
ǶĿ⿴㣬ȴ˵ҪҳԶŻ˵Ĳ֮ǻŸʲôϽȥˣ
鳤ֻƾˣ
ǿϵѪնЩ£Ͼ˭Ϊִ
֪ͨĳԱѾˣǺԶŻ˵Ļ͸ɴص⣬ｻˣôģһʵ򳤹ģ
˵
ĳԱĵݣڲˣȻҪǵȥѰԶŻˣΣգѵô
ȻС鳤Ұǳ㣬ҲǲΥ

УһլԺС
һȺСԺӵлЦֵʹϷš
Ժӵˣüͷ壬һֱ濴۾գһ£һ˵ոǶܵ˾֪ǲǡˡĳԱ
ΣǳҪǾһսΪǻһֱô
ôҪ֪ŸոսˣǵֻԶԶвˡǻֻܲˣ
˵ʵⴺǵһõĵطĿԶլԺĵҶֽţڴһ԰ȫĵطˡĳԱⴺǵģ
Ȼڽ̸˫ȴûзŹֵϵκһ䡣
ԽլԺһƬ򶼼ӵ
Ȼʱһȴ𣺡֣û뵽˺ܾã
ȻԶŻˣһ˱ͷһû뵽ȻվһΪǿ󣬾ȻܹԽ˵ֱӽլԺ
㣬ôҵˣѵǰĺĳԱУĴڣ
˵
ԶŻҲоȣѵǾ̸۵㣿
㣬ǺѻŹûϵҪǸӣҲż޺󣡡
˵
ţҿǻȽȥ˵ɣ˿У

ͷ
Ժӵеķ䣬ذһһ㣬һ㣬ذϱƾճһȦ
ʱ˶ȦС
գ۹ҲǸоԼ˵صףصȻѽ˵ģѾ˲ٵķݽ
صףֻԶŻˣһЩͨǿߣ㻹ϳ׼ˡ
ָӣ
Ǽ׼ȻҲϳǴһװ޽Žʱ㣬ҲǼΪȡ
㳯ǵͷ˵Ƶ˭أ

ܿ촫һӵзڵµʱҲһϲ㣬Сӣô˰
ѵ㲻Ӧó
Ц
СӣΡˡӦҲУ

ͷ
ʱǱеԶŻ˶ˡ
㿴˿ܣŶʮԶŻˣ˵ϴ뿪λ棬ҾѾӱ޵ĽˣֱڣѾʮԶŻ˴Ӹλ֯
ôģô̵ʱڣôλˣʵ˲𣡡
ǰڸλ涼ЩǶһЩˣ
˵
Ҳ׼õô
ָָҡ
һǰҾͻ깤ˣ׼͵͵ģĳǳأĴլԺһǿĽ磬ܹȫסϢûܲǵĴڣ
˵㣬㶼ѾˣϽȥһˣ
֪˵ǰ˹ͷ֪ĸ䣬Ƚ֪ǣ
㽫ļƻȫ̸߱ҲǵͷʮĳԱϰ٣ȷڣǵѾһ˳Ϊǵķ²ǹأ
ͷǼһСĳԱӦ֮ⴺǵģ
С鳤ҪҪǺĳԱɱ
ʱҪᷢʲôɣ
㲻ЩĳԱʵϣԼһĳԱûаֺøУϾǶ԰뷨ʵ˶ģӦ˵๼
Ҫǵ׻ûüֵϾǡˡĺĳԱ
ǰʱ䣬١ˡĺĳԱλ׷ɱˣ׼֣ûǵıóѣ
˵û뵽ͷף
ͷȻףǰҲǵĴڣҲǽĺܣ
˵
ˣȥҰ˹ɣ֪ʱ䲻ã
õģ
ͷܿһ棬ὫƿⷿݵȻռ䲻󣬵ȴǳζϣ˹°ͣŷţ֪ʲôô
ð˹ڻǰȻĳԼǰѾ㹻ˣ
ȿȣ

ΪὫеİ˹ѣû뵽˹ͦһֱϷЩˣִڰ˹򴦣ͷ㣡
Ϊ㷴Ӧأոʲô
ʵ
ûûʲôô֪ﰡ˵ܿҲǵģ
˹˵
ȷңѾصλˣһֱڲҵǣôȫҲǷˣ
Щο˵
ˣ㻹û˵Ϊʲôأ
˹˵
Ҫ
Ȼ㲻ң
׼ȷ˵λԸǵģ
Ըǣ
˹Ŵ
Ӧ˵ԸԶŻ˵ģҲǱǣΪĿǰǡˡĳԱӦҵʹɣ
֪˵ˣ˵ԵףΪʲôλˣô
˹ʵòΪʲôصλģֻҪԼԼѾһĺˣҪ֪ϴصλ棬ǿ˰˹죬ЩһֱǼĿֵС


1985 Σʱ
ͷȷҵ񣬡ˡǶԸԶŻˣ
ڼУһܼѰɣ
˹ǵ
ˣʲôĻҲܳˣ
˵
Ǿͺã˵ˡ˲ҵǲ뿪ģ治֪Ǻʱ뿪
˹ʵ
ص¥ô
˵
˹ͷѾжʱˣǵнˮû֧ģ¥пŲٻƵģǡ
ѾˣĴɣȻҲһֱǱһһᾡ뿪λģ
ˣأ
ң
ЦӦûһ߰ɣ
ǡԸУڣʹ㲻ߣ
ǸɵѾͷ
㱧Ű˹ҡͷЦЦ
Ȼ˹ǿģ˹ļ㻳Уɢ޷ܵ㡣
֪֮ҪȡˡԱ鷳ǺܺõĿסԼͰ˹˼֮󣬱뿪ķ䡣
˹ȻЩʧȻ֪Ҫ̫á
ڴʧ̫ãĻСԱضΪԼҲ䲻ص⣬ѾλĳԱȥλڵеĺĳԱǶˡ
㣬ǶûҵЩԶŻ˵䣡
Ǳڴǿǣǲ뱻ɱˣȻȻûҵ֮
Ҳûҵ
ҡҡͷ
ǸѵòѪôЩԶŻʵ̫ˣȻҳ֣
֤׳ٵĻǻû뿪λ棬ҾͲҲǣ
ȵȰɣȰ׳ٻʲôƻ
ǶӦõȰ
ҲŶԲߣԶŻбȻǲŹģʱӦأ
ڶ죬һӰԣĳԱÿһ죬Ǳһ
ǴǵɫϿƺûаչ
һˣ
һҲ𣬰˲ʱǰɻ
٣Ҫ㱨ԶŻɱˣ
ʲôʲôʱ飡
磬ڴǸѰԶŻ˵ټʱԶŻ˲˵Χǵİǻͷ鳤ȵǸϻȥʱ򣬵ֻһ̯Ѫգ˳ˣ
˵
һ㣬Ҳǵͷ˵ûѾڴǸ˺ܾãûҵԶŻ˵ټˣ
ЩаˣǴȥʱʱĳʳǵĺĳԱôǹģ
ƿȻԼûܿԶŻ˵ӰӣѾʧһĳԱ
٣Ӧô죬ҪڷֿѰǵĻֻ壡
һĲʳǵǵĹü
˵ôǼȻ⸽֣ҾȽǷ׳죬ߣ˸ҽ봺ǣ
ŶʮĳԱƺƵĽ˴ǣ±˲֪һ㣬ŽС
ЩҪӰȻȴһƽƿʵǵĳڣ
ڳУǣǵ˭

ȵ
ЩϽܵ˳
ǵĳ㻹ǵһμǸͷ˫ȴǺܾ񣬲ٸܵǿƣҲη
Щųʵ¾˭ôǴǣƺ̫ɣ
鲻ǺܺãǰҪûɵΪҲ֪ܷҪǽɱˣǾͲˣ
˵
ǳһȻŰʵԷΪʲôҪҪ֪λ涼౻ͳһˣѵǻҪɵô
£ֻҪԹǹܳһʱģ
˵
㶼Ҫʲôвʲô뷨
ʲô֣
ۣ
ֳⴺджپ񣿡
Ӧʮң
ǣ
˵
⣿Ǻ⣿
⣿
һƽ۱ϵһλɱڵأۿŵϻѪʬ壬ŵ˫Ȳ˵ǣڿʼ˭뿪ǣ
Щˡ
ΪڴϣɱΪò˿ˣǶŵɫ԰ףҪ֪Ϊ̫ƽĳǳأǾԲᷢɱ¼ģ£ΪȥĳǶŵĶӡ
ȫץס
´
ץʮλеƽ
ֵֺܴôע⣬Ҫûɵشң
У
˵Ȼ˽˹
жˣöٸ
ȫʼղҪʲôȻҲʣ
˵ЩȫסȻڳǽϣ
ʲôǾʲô
ǰ㵽ôˣΪҪ˭ǱҲȨģ
Щ˼ҵķţǱϾƽ񣬾ЩΪҲŪЩȫڳǽ֮ϡ
˰˼Щƽ뽫Ͼ֪ԶŻǲЩƽģȻϼ޻
ףǶԶŻǣ֪ǾͲڴУǽһλĳԱɱһĲʳǵȻģûУҸһʱʱ䣬ǻֵĻЩƽ͸ǵ
ʲôԶŻ˰˵Щʲô
ЩƽͲô£ֻ֪ԼڳǽϣͲ֪ʲôʱ
լԺеĵҡ
λԶŻ˵ľۼأǶҲһʱٲֵĻЩƽضᱻɱ
˵ʵ̫ƻˣȻƽвǣǽҲǣҲǣ
ǰһĻҪͰӲƴǻʵӲƴأǲĻЩƽ񽫻ȥҽǾԻԸӵΪԴƽ񣡡
ѵľأ˶齨ΣһΡ
ҡҡͷǻƣ
Ƕ⣺ʲôƣơ
˵㣬ѵˣڰߣԣһа취ģ
˵ѾʶĴˣҲǼ㡣
ҶһֱļһһҲһʧģ
˫ۼ㡣


1986 Լ
УʱһһĹȥڳǽϵʮλƽ㲣Ѿ˺ѷεĺˣûãû˻ὫǷ
һʱһʱǾͻὫɱô
ĿŲ
վڰԶȻǴǳҶ԰䣬ʶԷʲôˡ
ӣԶŻǣĿЩһȫҲνΪĵɱ¾飬һÿ춼һ飬ֱǿϳ֣
ǴⶼⷬȻ˵ġ
㿴֮󣬰ȻὫЩƽȫɱǱǳֵĻҲǻĳԱǳ׽
Ӻܿ쵽ˣüͷΪԶŻ˱ض־Щƽ񣬵벻ЩԶŻƺҪЩƽ񣬻Ǹ߿ǣ
ɱȫɱ
ȵ
ҧ´
ȴʱվ˳٣лҪ˵
㣬ʲô˵ɣ
ܷ
ҾɱǶĿǰִе壡
˵ҸоԶŻ˾ڲⴺлǸ⣡
㣬ҺЩа˴ٽαǾԻЩƽģֻǡ
ֻΪԱҪЩƽô
˵
ͷĽͣ
컹أ
˵
ɱֱǵƽȫɱ⣡
٣ǳʲôаô
˵ǡˡǺӵǿûκ˻ỳɣΪʲôҪʹȱֶȥѰԶŻˣ
۾ɴû뵽˵һĳԱʱҲǲ֪Ӧ˭ģǶֵͦģȻɰ
ڽô㣿
ֻǲ󣬡ˡĳԱӰ쳤
˵ңΪƾֶҲǾԿԶԸЩԶŻ˵ģ
˵ô˵ҵ֪һҵˣô㣬òһ˵ĺܶԣҲΪļǡˡһˣ
Ƕ
۸Ͻͷóƽ񶼷
Ӣ
˵
˵Ȼֹҵô֮ڣҽԶŻҳĻ׼
˵뿪ǡ
ЩĳԱҲɵۣû뵽˶Ը㣬Ҳǣǰ˸ɰ׳ٵĻˣ㻹ܶ졣
˵λСֵܣոն㣬ĻⴺǿҪˣ
ûˣ㰲Щƽɣ
˵
ƺûܵո˵ЩӰ죬Ȼ
һﻹǲ£ѵʲô취ɣ
˭֪أ鳤Ǳ׳ٴҲã˭ƻ椵ж

Ȼ˵֮ҳԶŻˣôʱ䵱У㻹൱ɵģҲǲȵĳԱȫɢȥ֮ȻլԺĵС
㣬Ҳ˵Ͳµһ취ǣ㣬ͣ
ȻʱЩƽ񣬵ǰ콫ǾĻҸЩƽ
ʲôȻôĺԼ˶Źô
ŭ˵Ļǳȥƴˣ綼Ҫսһģ
ҡҡͷŴ磬Ƿǳʱڣ治жʮλĳԱǰʵɲ⣬ǾܹһƴҲҪ˵Ĵ
˵Ķԣ֯Ǹո𲽣ҲʮҵԶŻˣʱͶԷӲƴǵĴأ
˵һᱩ¶ǵĿ꣬ʱ򣬡ˡ鷳ˣ
ǣҲԽ⣬⻹鷳أ
˵
˵ȲżǰҲֻŻһ°ˣǶȻɱҵģ
ȷǡˡĳôã
ϴץĳԱô
ڵģôҪɱйô
֮Ȼã
˵
ʱɿ죬ھ֮ڴг֡
ʱЩĳԱҲڴоۼ֪ʲôӣûܽԶŻҳĻͽɱ
ǵУԭ㲢ûʲôģǵԱͼӴ׵֮ҲǶĴǶǰαĽߣҶá
㣬׳ƺûеأ֪ҵԶŻûУ
˿ʼ̽ʵ
ҡҡͷ
ûҵôôǲˣ׳ٿǸ˵һļһ˵Ҫ㣬;Բıģ
Ȼţȴֿ˻Ͳð㵽ôܸһ㿴ˡ
ǳҲڳг֣֮ԼģҲǳ˹СֵܣȻǺԶŻ˵ʲôԹźкñ㲻µģ
˵
Ҳǵͷˣʦ۹ⲻĳȷһֱȥ
Сֵʶʦ
й֮Ե
㲢ûк۶˵ȥΪӰѾЩĳԱǰ
㻹żʮԶ֪ǲǿŪľ롣
˵㣬㻹˼ͳ죬Ѿʤȯô
ٷԸҰ£ұضȫΪʤ޹أ
˵
أҿһӰӶûп
˵
ͷӰڳʧת˲ֳǰ
ֻŸӣӵкܴ󶯾

ü
㽫Ӵ򿪣һӰǰ
룡
ô㣿
ЩĳԱȫȡ
ǶΪⲼ뱻ԶŻɱˣû뵽ֳǰⲼȻˣ黹Ȼûж⡣
Ҳ죺ʲôѵûбԶŻɱô
ұҲΪˣڱǸȴǸоԶŻ˵ϢһˣҪɱңǱͷųĻϵ׺ɱ룬һľݵҵģѾûˣ
˵
ǲͷ٣Ҽǰ⸽ѰԶŻ˵ټû뵽ҪɱңұǻܣǴߣвңҪɱңңĻǸͻزˣ
ֿһ㶼˵ٻҲκȻûЩΣʵ룬һԶŻˣ
Ϊ̫ͣǶ֣ˣǶɱˣҿɲ֪λǷԶŻˣ
ǲҡҡͷ˵


1987 ֮
ֻԶŻô⻹֣յûôͳ뿪λ氡
˵
Ҳ˵٣ҲλֻʣԶŻˣҲûа취ҵԶŻˣ
ͷѾɵĺܲˣɱˣһǵ˾ȻڷܲĻεжɵĲ
ֻɱԶŻˣԶԶﲻеĿ꣡
ٵ˼ǣǻҪλ棬ҵԶŻˣ
Ӳҵĵģ
˵ʧڴУһ֮ǰ
ʵҲǶȻɱԼģ֮ǰ˵ҲҪԼһ̨°ˣĻԼɶûܵκγͷԺϺڣ
ЩĳԱȫΪȣҪ֪ǱΪ˵ģ֪ȻɱԶŻ˲ҽȳǵûбɱһǴһ
ˣ֪ȥôһԶŻ˶ûҵأ
ɻ
Ҳ֪쵽ȥҴ뿪ԭվڱ֮ĶԻǰΪʱ˫ҲǼΪ𺳡
ףܲݵλĻʦҪ֮£ֱǷˣϾЩĳԱڡ
ȵǶɢȥ֮۷ʵСֵܣܲðһ䣿
ҵô
Ц뿪֮ңҲ˲飬µû㣬ǰָӣ
ָӣ
أлָ֮ǰ֮ǰʦǰ㣬ǱΪϻ֮ˣһֱҲǺݻָӣû뵽
ͷֳ㽫ľʵǱ֮ȻǾǰָӣҲɼ
ҿˣЩһͲλģָӣǰ黢Сİ
ֳˣһעģ
˵
ЩĳԱʵҲֻĿĵѰңǶ֪ɱԶŻˣҲǶʱ˾ҲҪɱԶŻ
ȻˣǸԣǲ룺СĽԶŻȫɱˣ
ǺӵмΪǿʦʩչԶŻ˸ֵ
˵
Ǽһпĵ
ͬĳԱ˵
һתʵҾλ浹ûԶŻˣĻһὫҰǵܲеģ
׳ٿɲô룬ǰЩǴδǡˡĳ裬ƱҪλϵԶŻȫŻǡˡ
ˣˣ룬ҲǼǻʵʵȥԶŻ˰ɣ

լԺҡ
ڷ䵱кͰ˹´Ƭ̣ڳ˹ķ֮Ҳ
ʮλԶŻˣ϶Ǿ֮ɫʲô顣
ôˣǵģƺʲô·
ʵ
㣬ǽҽõʱһΪʩչ֮ҲǽǵⴺеϢȫסû뵽⼸ƺоԽԽˣ
˵ڶԭ򣬵ô£
ױ˵˼ȻԶŻϢֻǿߣĶӣԼͱȽСԶŻˣ޷סϢģȻȥǣа˹Լ׼ҵĲˣô˶ڵУûһǿڵĻ԰ͽҵ
Ȼû뵽ǽԽԽûĻǲܷ飬£Ȼƻ硣
˵类ƳǷҶӵϢͻᱩ¶
ֹӣﵱкܶ˵Ϣᱩ¶ʱȫۼңǡˡĳٲǰ׳յĻȻģ
˵
ɸǺãҪǱǲھͳȥƴˣɱһֲ
ֲҪ̫
ȫֻ֣ǿϧûȥð׼ҵ˳ȥǵʵҲΪ
ǳȥҿԣ㽫ǿķõطңȥһˣ
˵
㣬ԣҲ㶼ˣѾգǡˡĳҲ鷳ڵȷǿǣ
ܿ콫ķõط㡣
˵㣬û뵽Ҫ鷳㣬ǡˡĺĳԱĻǾ齨Ҳᱻɱҡ֮У
֣ԺҲҪһΪһصӺ
ĶӼ˵

ϵǣ︽ĳԱҲһԱǱ϶ܹ˵鳤ǶѰˣûзκԶŻ˵ټ
Уǿ׳پڲԶʲô£
Ҳڸ
㰵Դ⣬һﵽʲôȥ
Уҵùȥ
ʶǿȻܲ޷Ӧǿ򳤹ٵϢҪȿϲ١
վŵλúͱõλòࡣ
ҲǾЩ⣬ǰҲǸӦĳ֣˵㣬
ǰʲô
һɽָȥʶȥӦɽǷǴʲô
ͷҲǰãΪɽоǷĵطǱʩչ֮ĽʣԽԽΪڶţĻǾԲôʱڱġ
Ӧʲôô
һ޴Ĵ٣ɽ̺ƺҲǺ֪к˼
⡣
ⲢһĴϹʱڣȻЩҲǿԵʣǽ֮Ľʣ
͵
һȻֽš
ٵ˼ǣѵԶŻʩչĽô
𺳡
ǰ˫ƺʲô飬Ȼһ˵ʩչɽеĵȫգ£㿴Ĵɽʵһտǣת۾ͻᵹ
˵꣬ɽȻǰȻǳ
ɽǰյУȴǳһɫĸɫĸֻֻ̫ƼĴСȻ⡣
ߺߣ˵ǰһʩչ֮ĽʣͻȻ飬ǻΣ
һ˿Ц⡣


1988 
һֶθȻµĵˮ©ٵʱǱ¶
٣˵ĻߺߣҲ뿴жԶŻ˻ҰУ
Ц
ҡҡͷѰԶŻɱˣǽٵûκηӦҽûκΰ취ȥѰԶŻˣҪ뿪λǰһ飡
ȻͷҲȷǲԶŻϢĽʣĻȻ飬ƿأʱܻ飬Ҫ뿪λǰһ콫飬ֻиаˡ
ջأ˵ֲǻɱԶŻˣҾǡˡĺĳԱʧͣ
ԶҵĿǽԶŻ˳׻ٵֻ˶ѣ
˵
Աǰ˵ȿԴĻұؽ϶ԶŻ˵ĶԹһһ㣬ԸĿʵ֣
ȻոյĻ˵һٸҼʱ䣬ҲǵĻǱȥ
һӽʱҵǣ
ͷ
ϢصУǵɫȫˣ˵ǼһｫʱпܱǾ죬ҾӦóȥѪƴĻɱһֲʧɾ͸Ӳˣ
ԣԶŻˣѪʲô
֯Ÿո𲽣ôڣ֪ǵ뷨ηǣң֯ǿ׳ʱǻḶӦеĴۣ
˵
Ͼ֯ͷĿҲҷ˵ϢĽʣǱݻˣҾͻᱩ¶ұ¶Ļֺʲôϵأ
㣬˼ǣ
Ǳ¶ĲһذˣĵңȻܹڶҪٵٵɣٵ֮Ǳ뿪λ棬ʱｫɥʧˡĿƣǸǴϢʱ䣡
˵
ͷһֱҽѾã֯Ļأܱݻ٣ʵϣ֯˵˲ΪҪģֻصĻԺܹǧٸ
ɽڣûգ
˶ͷ
ⴺʱǲֺĳԱˣҹƷߣȻٲһ磡
˵
˵㣬Ҳλ棬ҿ治֪Ӧһ
һЦ֮仹ҪôôңһҪչ˰˹أǼ飬һûи㶨
˹λ棬ͷһģҾƴҲᱣȫ
˵
ȷԱ˵⻰ܷģǰ˹ڵӡʼնһĵĵط
ְ֣ڿ뿪ˣЩҶƻˣ
Ķź˷˵
㲻ܣָӣ
˵
źƳŸ˸ƺḸס
ȻλǳɣҲɵʧ̫ãĻɡ
һĳԱȥѰԶŻˣÿһΣҲ֣һֱĹɡ
ϵ⼯ϵʱԱѾϵʧ֮ɫȻûаջ
ʱӲԶ߹Ҳʵ㣬֪ûзԶŻˣ
ҡҡͷЩп˵ǣȻǵԼٴλɱԶŻˣô;ͱԼһռˣûаֹ͡
ҡͷǶǻ˿һ㣬һҲûҵԶŻˣĻЩ˾ԻᱻǷġ
ٸһʱ䣬޷ҵԶŻ˵Ļͽ
˵
ǣ٣ҶλƺûԶŻˣҲҲ˵أ
кĳԱ˵
ŭ𣺡һ̣ǧҪ˵йĻΪʲôԻɱԶŻˣǲУ
ЩȻͷϣǸոǷȻٴΪкĳԱĹС
껰֮˶ɢȥվں󷽣ǰ治˶۷׷ף̸۵ĽȻԼ
ֻҪһͿ뿪λˣڱ˵ӦǸõϢ˰ɣ
㲢û뿪ǣһɽͷϣѾ״̬
ڶ磬յգʶƺӦһ˿ԾԶĳԱ߷һץһλԼĪʮĺӣǺĶźƣǿ־֮ɫҪǺĳԱ޿κΡ
ԭΪǻһ񣬵û뵽ȥһˣȴܴסСӣСһȻλ棬ôƱػԶˣ
֮Ҳᱻ׳ٿˣĻͷռأ
˷ڿУǳϾ㣬˸ûҵԶŻˣץסһСԶŻˡ
ſңſңȺˣһȥ
źƷŭ˵
̫СҲ˳׷ӡסҪǵȵ컹ѡ
һӰܿĳԱǰһ˵㣬ôһԶŻˣߺߣϵԶŻϢûڣץҲãλϻвԶŻ˵Ĵڣ
źƿ㣬Ҳ˵ˣδԼƤһ˳ˣû뵽ȴǱĳԱӦϢץ˹
˵һԶŻˣͲĸĸܿܶλϣ
ˣɱģ
źƺ˵һʮĺ˵仰һʹġ
ٺ٣Сӣܿͻģ
ϻˣȸϵ⣬ʱóٶᣡ
ǿһֱǰҲǲԣ㣬һֱǸʲôŶ֪ǲץһԶŻˣǺֶ˹ͣ
ģҾ֪¶ˣģǲץһ˶ѣѾɱˣ˲룬ĹȻ󣡡
ٹЩʱ򣬾Ͳ֪ˣΪҸҿ϶λϻвԶŻ˵Ĵڣ

㿴˵ĽźԼǰߣźһֱͷĿһʱ֮Ҳ˷ִ硣
ңԽǷ飬Խǲң
ԭΪ˽죬λ潫̫ƽ˹ᰲȫû뵽źȴǱץסʮĺӱû̫ߵİȫʶ㲻ܹµ֮ȻȾźơ


1989 
ĳԱѾϵ⣬ֿտգѾ˽뿪׼ǿץһĺĳԱһϲԶŻˣҵ죬ǾȻһץˣ
ȻҲЩʣԶŻ˲ץģĻĹͻ
ٺ٣ֻһֻСˣʱûصܲˣҶĻᣡ
Сһضλ棬˳ϣȫҳһ򾡣
Ƕ˷
㿴һĻһ˿âȻȴ֪²ܳ嶯ỵ˴¡
ԽΣͷԽҪ򶨡
û뵽һ죬ǻܸҾϲҺǵŬ
쳹⣬ܿ죬ӰҲǳǰ
źƣһЦСޣľɱС壬նݲ紵Ҳ˲СѪֻҪ㽫Ǵȥұ֤һ·
ֻһˣ
ź˵ССǾǿϢ
ôǶôԶŻˣʮĺӣﶼǾǿһ㣬Զģ
ѵһºĳԱ˵ڲ˵ĻԺܶû˵ˣҪ֪ǵǽɱ㲻ϣִֻ񣡡
źȫپǿǰȻԵǰС
Ȼտڲԡ
Ҫŭʱȴǰһ٣вôҿʱٵˣ
Ȼ⺢ӳˣôпϢĽʣ
˳ڹһƱǽ顣
Ƭɢأ۾ʶȫͷųȥ
ЦȻǴһңŲԶŻ˵ϢȻ΢Ҹҿ϶㣬͹ȥ⺢Ӵϣ
ǣ
˵
źƱסһС
źǿ־壬㴫˵㲻Ҫ£һ취ģ
磬ҰְֻᵣңǻңǾˣ
һעģ
ȻڴǼΣû˷⣬Ͼ˵Ĺע㶼ѾڴǵĵС
ڰĴ£˶ҵС
ȻһˣŲٷ䣬ͨЩǰϢü˵ԶŻǰĵطôĵңʮˣߺߣȻ֪ôյˣǲҪǶλ֮ϣ
鲻Ѿ뿪λˣû뵽龹ȻôתҵԶŻ˵ĻأҲԶŻˣ
СУвЩһﲻ棡
˵
ĵãҪʼʩΣˣ
˶ִ⣬סźƣڳǽ֮ϡ
һΣƽֹһԶŻˣҲǹЦ㣬һҲǵңô˵ǡˡĳԱܸɳƽ飬ԶŻˣߺߣǵǱģ
ٳƽΧڳ⣬ǿųǽŵĺӣжǵǡ
ԶŻǣǵУ֪ǻû뿪ǣٲֵĻ⺢ӾͻᱻҶϺ
סźƵĺףžڸڳǳض˵Ļ
Ȼûκΰ취Ծźƣ벻Ϊ֮ƣҲֻӲƴˣ
ôߺߣѵҪǵˣʮĺӱնϺ
ȵ
ʱһӰյУһ˺ȵҶӷˣĻҪȫ֮ء
ʮλԶŻҲڿУվǰĿ棬˹׳٣ǽһսˣ
㣿
һĨȣ벻Ȼûλ棿
ɱӺӣҲ˲ٹͰɣ˵ʱˣ
˵
㰵ȻǵɱӺӵ֣һսȷ޿ɱ⡣
ûнɱ㹶Ӳд񣬺ߣұ㳹˽㣡
ȵ
ЩĳԱȫɢǶһսҪеƽȫĴȥƺֻʣ¡ˡԶŻˡ
ɣҪΪҵ޶𣡡
ȵ
ȾҶӣ
˵ӰһлһǿֱӽϣȻʱҲǳ֣һƽˡ
Ҫҵ⺢ӣҲ̫ˣ
ЦϣЩȫɱ⣡
ĳԱȫȥ
ΪһԱȻԶŻҲݣǷֳһ˶Ը㣬Ȼ򶷿Ƽңʵ˶֪Ϸ
ź֣ҲվԭأûмŶԸԶŻˡ
Ц㲻ҳ֣ǵıһɱô
ƾôԶҵĶ֣
ԭҪһƻɱźƣǱּ죬˲䵲סźҲ˳һ㿪źƾߣд᣺֣Ҳãǡ
˵ˣɵӣһս޿ɱģ
ߣЩ꣬Ϊ٣
Į
ЦܾȻ۳һĺЩҪһ㣬ֱӽһС
ǽô
˵
ҪԱ𣬲κ˲ֽ
ȵ
Ҳڱͷųסͬһʱ䣬ҲǵתǹͷһƻĳԱ
䣡
ˣЩĳԱûа֮ģĳԱɱ
˾òԾ㣬Ǻ⣬Ϊγǳ֣
ûгסãȡʱԶŻһȺĳԱȫɱ
㵹ɱĳԱҲһ˰ӵʱ䣬ʮĳԱȫɱ
ԶŻֻ˼˶ѡ
˵ͶǣĻҲ³
ЩңͶԶŻģϾʱڵУʱпܱɱҲѡ
ЩĳԱ㵹ûаΣϾ˫֪ͬԼԶŻ˵ĻҲԼ飬ǻҪ԰ǵ֮£Ǿ޷̵ġ
㣬ЩĳԱȫˣھҪ統У׺ǰսˣ
˵
ҲǵͷͺڰһסһУֻڴܹܰˣ


1990
統Уͱڰ֮У˵ǰֿǣĿҵӺɥ죬ұҪѪǵ꣡
ǰ㲻ҵĶ֣Ӳǵģɣ
ȵֻĵбŷһҪ糹ڻһ㣬˵ҽ磬ĻҲԲܽƵģ
Ҳţ㲻Щ굱ôģ
ţҪ֪ǰǴΧ˵Умڳ֣ЩΪ٣ҲԲĽࡣ
䣡
籱˵ڻ磬Ŀ⵱𾪣ΪԼһܽ⺮顣
УһҪסң浽ʲôһɲóѣ
Щ
ǿ˰뷨˵㲻öˣЩˡĳԱӦȫˣҪǣ룡
㲻Ҫ˵ҿɲ
ͷȻǰѾţ׹⣬ɱڣҪɱ
Ž漶۷徳ôֻǿϧȻҪУ
Ц

档
˶ڵȴţ˵Ҳֻܸɵȡ
ǰһֱûм֣ǲΪǺξأ
˵
һһʼֻ˵úסû뵽ôöȻڽ統дսһ
Ҳѹֱǰ޶ɱ˭뱨˳𣡡
ҲǱˡɱģǰҲҪѪ֣
ź˵
ҲվһԣûгǰǼʶֵģֱӽһ漶ǿߺɱȻǿֵزȴҲûа̣֮ȻͰһս;лɱԷİա
䣡
˶صʱ򣬺ںȻը
ɫıɢķΪˮʧһӰҲͽȻǰǱ
ɫȥ쳣ɣû˿ڣ˵Ѿˣһ̣ԶŻһʤ
ˣҵ죬ѹаս֯Կˡû뵽Ȼôǿ
Ҫ֪ǡˡеĳټ𡭡
˶һһ࣬ȻΪɱе˷ܡ
ź˵ζҲã۴ңҲӦ̰ģ
ɫͶΪ֪ˣҲǲ
ЦҶֺ᷸οأӣ飬ҲսĲпԣڣں͡ˡһս
֪ˣұ֤Ժ󲻻ٷִ󣡡
ź˵
ͷܹɹգĹûĻҪʧȥֵܣ
Ҳû뵽źƻᱻץߣҰźΪնҪȫɱƾͼƣǷȫ𣡡
˵
ΰĶ鼸ȫˣֻʣͲ룬֪˻ȥ᲻ɣ
ʵ
Ӧòᣬ룬ȻܲҴӦôͿ򳤹ٽģ

ǲͷǣ㲻ܲѵҪһֱô
һЩҪ죡
㣬Ҫסʲôֻһµޣһµʱ㻹ûлصܲ̽ıܻܿΪʧã
˵
ͷڻʣ°µʱӦÿ԰飡

ϵʱ򣬲Ѿ뿪λ棬Ҳȥһ˱µĻأﲢǵңǴг۵ĸС
ۿ㣬ҲǾ˵ϣλСֵܣǴǵƽǲָأ
֣µĲһ½ɽ㣬λ˹С㣬Ůѣ
Ǿ䣬䰡
Щ
㵽ҪľǺͰ˹սУ˹Ӧһ֣˵ȿȣҿЩ˻Ǹæȥɣｻˣ
ǰһЩû
Ц
˹ɬܳѾûˣ˵Ҿ֪ǻᰲȻģˡˣû
ǻȫˣ˼ûʲô󰭣
˵˹Ҫʱ뿪λ棬ģ
Ҫˣ
˹ƽûʲôһģ
ģβ뿪̫ãΪǼӦÿҪˣ
˵ӡô
˹ҡҡͷȥգ֪ԶԸԸҵԶӡ
ûգҲ˵˹㲻ҪģҹЩӦþͻģ
ʮ
ճţҲ˵ʲôôļܲӺˣ
Ѿ֪˭˹ˣǰ棬ǽʦץ
ѹ֣費Ҫ֣ҿһǰ棡
˵
㻹Ǵִ֣λʧźܿģ⿿ˣҪ͡ˡѣ
㣬ԼһЩҪ֪˹ǻһֱģ
ͷû˷ʱ䣬ܿǷ档
ĸʱ֮еĳ֣ųϤĽҲһЦϴκī˹λﻨʱεΪȷɿ죡
еĲʦϳǾϲ֮ɫ
˶մҲǼ˵磬ɻˣôˡܲǲǺܿᰡ
аɣҪ죬ڰ֮ǰҲ￴ǣ
˱߱˵ܿͿʦоԺеİȳϣҲһϲЦݣСӣǻҵô
Ȼţ˵ʵЩأ
Ц
оԺеʦǳˣϾǳʷϵĴʦҲóʦоԺӵһʦھ
һ峤Լٳ϶оԺЦݣԼҪҪȴֲֻᣬϾЩ˸еǣԼȷʵаսλ档
ˣ㣬ÿλܹǣѾоܿˣ뿪֮ڤĸҲǳ˳ڰʦ磬ǳʦˣ
峤˵
Ҳʱֶ˶ҪɱԼ˱ȻҪģȴǱǸӵĹϵʵ̫ѪˣҲûɱ֡
峤λϣ
㻹ţоԺȴˣڤԼڤ峤Ͱȳϵ˴к


1991 һԸ
ڤȻҲǿվǰжԼͬһ˿£˵㣬ȥǸʤ̫ǿ㽫ɱ㲻ǰӣһҲҳҲ̫ڤҲܺ
㣬Ҳ֪ˣʱֻұӦǳʦеٮٮߣĳ֣ҵļĴҲ㲻ҪҼƽϣ
ǫ㶼һһﵽǲǰʶ˵뷨ʵЩ̫Ӧˡ
˵ûǼƽϣǸӣЩͺܺýˣһΪ˶ӸԸ뷨鶼ȥˣǶúôڳɣ
ڤʱȷǼ㣬ûĻԲһζԵȥ㣬ҪƣҲİռ䵱Ϊҵս֮ޣʧ֪Ǹ
ûټȥˣϾҪǰץʦġ
ȳҲǿҪߣ˵㣬ȻҪҪ죬뿪ɣЩϼһֻҪżѾܿˣ
˶Ҳ˵峤ͳǿģ磬Ҫ֪ԶʦĽ
λˣ
ͷʧǰ벢̫Զִܿ
ȻҲвʶ㣬Ƕ㣬ȴûаϲУ㡣
һ˵ϹϹǱɱģϹεҪȵСӻһ죬ã
û뵽ͶȥϹۣˣ
ǵĶԻȻǱҲգۼǰǼŵɫһ䣬Ǿ˶ڣҪ㣺ߣ㣬㻹ҳǰѵϹ۽ץô
µĻôƺҪȥСأΪɫôţɱô
ǵȻ£Ҫ֪ʦϵĿֲʵǶǼʶһһˣȻ£ûбϡ
ϣȻҪѹ㣺ǻ㣿Цˣѵб¶ԸˣҪ֪򣬾ǡˡҲԲҰ
οϹ۾⸽߶㣬õĻǲС棬Ҳץģ
Ƕ˵
ͷû˵ĺܶԣҲŸջصû뵽겻ɢ
ʲô˼
Ƕƺû˵ʲôһ̣ԶȴǳּӰ
ǼӰУмһ˺ȻϹۣһҲվ˵ʲôˣû뵽ʶȻǿǶûвȴ֪Ϲˡ
Ϲү˭ÿ춼Ҫɱ㣬ֻˣ
˵УһЦţҪϹ۵ƨ
ǰ˵Ҳǳ׿Ĳˬһƽɳȥʹ棬˲١
Ȼ֣
˶ɫ
ϹҲǳǰ˵㣬˵ҪԶڡˡܲУСˡӻ㣬Ϲȷûа취ֻҪص򣬺ߺߣϹɲǲǡˡĺĳԱǷҪ
Ϲ˵
ƾôģ
ҡҡͷЩмһˡ
ϹվżλϹսʿǶǵϹ۵ǰ͸ϣϹۺȵҽ쵹Ҫ˭ģ
ЩϹսʿҪ֣ʱʦҲǴס֣Ϲۣ㻹ҪڱĵҰô
ո£ʦҲǳǰ
һ֮ɫŵϹЩ֪ýǸˣϹ˵ʦɱҴ֣ҲܲץסҪ֪Ҹ׾ӣϹҲŹģ
˵ûκ֤ݣǡˡĺĳԱݾ;ˣˡˡеĳ٣ûʸԸ
ʦ˵
ʦҸײŹģֺο̻㣡
ϹۼʦǰԼߵЩսʿʦĶأʦ㿴ɺãȥϹһˣҸ׿ϷŹĻȻ˵ĻλصУȻҸʦָ
Ϲۣʲô˼
ʦȵ
ͽû˼ֻҪʦ磬ʦִԲĻͽܺʦֵܣ
Ϲۺȵ
ϹԶĴ֮һϹ峤ҲӵŲǿսʿЩǿսʿȻ˵ԸʦȶʦǶԸһʦҲǴ´ࡣ
ʦϹ۵ʦȻ˶ʵʩɱ֣ʦȴǲͬǺϹûκιϵˣϹҲа
Ϲۣвô
ʦŭԼͽвҲĳ͸ϹϹ峤Ķӣһƽɱ
ԣչҪи˶ϣȥϹң
㿪˵
һҲɻȻȥϹһл·ô
ʦ˵㣬ȷҪȥϹң
ʦλҲκβҵģ
ʦ㶼ѾӦҲӦֹɣϾʦͽһ
Ϲ˵
һֱΪԼڡˡеһҪӣҲǷǳ㣬û뵽Ȼô󵨣ҸϹ۽Ϲңʱпɥʧ顣
ˣ֮ǰĺܶŬ׷ˣҲСôüֵûȫӳ
ã㣬Ȼ㶼ȥϹңұȥһˣʲôϷ
ʦ˵
Ȼ֪ʱȣҪ֪һµʱ仹£ǽץλ棬ΣϹʼһȻ˵Ļøɴһ󻼡
ϹۼϣҲа㣬һȵ㵽ϹңҸ׻֪ɱҴҪĴۣʦƽʱ̻СӣҪԺˣȵǰ֪ĿɽʵϹ壡
ϹƺضϹżģһ·Լ統УһϵЦʲô⣬ЦϹҪһĻҲͲӢˣ
Сӣո˵ʲôΪûôոյĻҸǰ˵һ飡
ϹȻ֪֣Ȼ㡣


1992 ɱ
㵱ʱɱϹ֮⵽ϹʣȻǲ˵ԼɱģϾΪûеܹԸϹĵزڣȴʮ㣬Ϲ۵ĸԳ֣㶼ܽܡ
·ϺϹ۷ִΪޱҪ
һ˺ִܿϹ壬ϹҲԶĴ֮һﶼǳϹҲ˵ʦ
ϹȻϹ۱Ϲ
˵ӦøлǸɱϹ˲ŶԣΪΪϹ
Ϲŭɫ㣬ϣҸף񣡡
Ȼ˵лЩңҲȫûмֵΪϹϹĴֻӻԻ͡
˾㣿
ЩоȣϹ۽ʦУϹ뿪֮ʣʦҲ˵㣬λν£ΪҪӦѵ㲻֪ô
ʦЩ飬ԣ
˵

ƺǾ⻰Щ£ȻЩ΢΢㶣Сӵôˣ͹ֵֹģϵ׷ʲô飿
ûƬ̣һ𣺡ߺߣ㣬ȥ㣬ȻĿ㱻ˡ˴ߣһʱֻ̣ξȻҸ۶Ϲ壬ѵΪĻŹô
Ϲ峤Ϲޱȡ
ʦ˵Ϲ峤ȻǶѾˣǺúɣ
úɲĵһ㼸ӣϹңϹ˵ĻҲùʣ
ʦҿûԹۣһɱҴ磬Ҹ׾Բ뿪Ϲҵģ
Ϲ˵
ʦҲǿһۣƺԥ֮Իᱣ㣬ΪСӵǱպΪʦ޴棬û뵽СȴͶϹɥ֮ʹǾԲŹģֻܷСˡ
ô㻹Ҫô
ˣ㣬Ҳﲻʲôæˣ
ҡҡͷ

˵ʦȻﲻңϹеȺ򣡡
ʲô˼
ɻ
СӲסԼԼϹ˵Źɣ
ǺǣģҲңȺҲȵһһĽأ
۾С
ȫĻ뵽㶼ҪˣôģȻԼȺ͵Ⱥɡ
鷳
ϹȵĵһӶ
ǽ磬ϹԼ̫أӻ顣
뿪ӣҲ˵㱡Ϊܵסҵô
㣬ΪԼǡˡĺĳԱıߣǡˡеĳ٣вΪھŽ漶۷徳磬ҵʵȻҪһ㣬ҪԸé®ļһ練ƣ
Ϲƺš
ȷ˵پǾŽ漶۷徳磬û뵽ǣĿǰʵǺͰӲƴҲԲڶԷ
Ϲں˷ʱ䣬Ƴȭȭĵбŷ޴һǰϹľȭżƻ
ȭ̶ȻǶܵˣȭȫ컨壬㽫ϹµĽ顣
û뵽㻹Щʵеô
Ϲȵ
ô
㿴Ϲһ˿飬ոϹһȭڱصһ㣬û뵽ܹܿһδУȻϹĵ
ϹȷЩǣû뵽Ŷ̶첻ٶȼֱ죬治֪ڴ˵ôġ

Ϲ⡣
ϹۺʦڵȺš
Ϲ˵ʦҺܲףΪһҪѡأҪ֪ǸˣǱΣ
۶ѵʦ𲻿ͿôȻͽܣϾһϸʦҲûɱϹ뿴ʦǰ
ʦ͵
ȻѾüֵˣϽ£ϹۣϾһδϹ峤ǰ;Ҳ޿
ʦȻǹƻģ˻Ҵ¶֣
Ҳ˺ܾòףûлɱ磬ǶȻϹģ
Ҷ벻ͨΪ
Ϲҡҡͷ
˵Ҳͬ벻ͨҪҵ壡
ƺյУ˭²㵽ʲô
ǻûãһΪҵΧը
¡¡
ϹеĲٽȫըҲǸоԾʲô״ѵƿˣ
һ˽սȻ˻᲼½磬ԴΧƻȻǾϹ᲼ǿ磬µĽ磬Լ޷ƽģôȻֻһֿܣǶֻƵġ
ܻϹµĽ磿
ϹȻǲܵġ
Ȼһ̣һʬȴɵˡ
ʬϹ峤ϹѪȫѣȻˡ
ʬϹ۵Ľűߣŵ˵ǿ־壺ô£ףףˣ
ҲǾʧ룬Ĵ峤Լǰһô¡
һӦǣأôˣ
ϹˣҲ˵ĻɱǵĻˣ
ñû̫ã
ӰҲǳǰϹУһսҲĶ༤ңϹʵЩϴʵֻа˽漶ǿ۷ʵ֣ϹеĺܣҲǲᣬֱӽϹɱ
ЩͬǷԼĴ˵Ϲɱģûˣ
ܲôĻΪȺ򣿡
˵
㽫ϹɱϹ峤ҵ졭
ҡҡͷ
˵Ҳøһˣ
ҲҪߣ
ﲻ˵ϹҪΧˣߣ
ûϹ۷ӦѾ뿪
Ϲ˸ϵĺܿ죬뿪һ̣ѾϹߡ
ǿŵʬ壬ټסı飬Ҳ˵峤峤Ϊλᱻɱ
λϹĳϣǶţ⵽ô£ô˸Ϲдɱ峤
㣬ǸħˣԲˣħҴɱҸɱ
ɱ峤δȥ峤𣡡
ǶħǱȥɱģ
Ϲ˫Ƿһ㡣


1993 ȫû
ִﰲȫأҲѾоƺЩ㣬㾿Ǻ˼Ҫȥ
ոѾܲˣǾΪλͻȻǲѵһѾ֪ԼҪĿô
㲻Ҫ£ȻɱϹʱԸģ
ʲô˼Ҳ˵ԺҲҪԣ
һ˿â
Цͷβ㶼ֻǴҴﵽĿģƼҽ롮ˡʵҲҪвһöӣԶеĵλԺգ
ߣ㻹ǶһЩ˵ģһǿˣû뵽ڡˡ˾޴󣬾ȻϹɱˣ
˵ɱϹѾΪԶ˵ĵˣǡˡеĳԸⱣ㣬ĻǺӵУ֮
ûл·ҪģֻҪ֪УҪȥλ棡
λ棿ʲô˼

˹Զˣ㻹ǵô
ô֪˹ģ
ɫһ䡣
ڵӡǷйأ
⡭ѵû
콵踣ķǳ
㵭˵
ҪȥһǺеӷ㣬Ҫʱ̼סԼݣǡˡĺĳԱ
Ȼ۵һݣҲӦøˣ
˵ʵ۸ʲôʦԶŻˣ㶾İŮˣԸȾ޴ʹ࣬ǰֻ·ߣ
ȥλ棬ֻ

ΪλͻȻ˸ˣԭԶŻ˵ļϸһֱǱ浱УȻԳ˵ԾӣԼҲϹ˹ۣƼˡˡ
ŭ㣬ֻ·ߣѵͲҽɱô
ԣ
ɡ
֪㵽Ȼ˵ɱԼĻҪ֪ȻɱϹܻԼ
ĵǽɫâȻʩչ
ǽôߺߣһսҲڴĺأ
Ͼ浱ǿһʦʵȻϹ֮ϣ֪ûôܽҲǾ۾гһɫ
ǣ
ϹӣϳǰѳѪ񵶣˵û뵽㻹ԶŻˣҺǡ١ϵߣǽƾѪߣҲδ̫ˣ
ۣ֮
ƮڿУеĽɫâһɫ˲ǰ
ȻǺ֣ȻҪԸǰȴ𺳣֮ǰԸЩǿ˲֪ٱ
棬Щǿ㽫Ѫ񵶻Ӷ㵲סЩ档
㣬ľҵĶô
ڸˣǷЩ̫ˣ
΢΢һЦпȻӶһ֮ŷһû뵽СӾȻʵ
ɫŭǾȷǱѪ񵶵ĵ֮شŭ汬ƣ
ɫոʧǰǳ˻ţõ㶼Щˡ
ȥĻ۲֪ҪԸܽߣҲգս֮ޣҲʱʿˣ
ϵȻһһӰͷųӰڵ֮ϣӴȻĳ֣Ҳ˵ս֮ޣ㣬㾿Ŷȫɣ
Ҫˣս֮޶Ըľ´࣡
ҡҡͷ
ԭľȴǴ˿̸е˾޴ѹս֮ŭЩҪ˵ĳ嶯
ս֮޳˹ȥޱȼӲǱҲûао
ս֮צӷȻһֻܿ챻ս֮˺顣
һֻɱս֮Ҳǳֻȥ

ǿս֮޳״ݻԼʩչ֮ģȻʵɲ⣬ѹֻὫϹɱԼʵҲ֡
ս֮ԭǱֹס֣λʦҪһǰλģ
ս֮Ȼԭ˻ǽһ㡣
Ҳս֮ޣϾԶŻ˵ػޣԶˣȻɱ
аû֮ǰķ֮ɫû뵽㾡ô꣬ȴǱһСŪڹ֮У㣬һαķڷ

ˡܲҵС
򳤹Ȼ飬ƺûд·ԻҵУ򳤹Ҳֻһ¸Сӵϡ
ϴҽСеԱȫؽΣΪֲȴǴӦ㽫Ƿųˣ˽ʱڵı֣
˵
Ӱش٣ɭǶ֪Լ˴ʱ൱ŬѾʱڵһЩϣ
ϸķţ֪ܸģǡˡǻ½ĳԱģǼʶȷϧˣϣԺ·ܼϿҵĹţ
ǣ٣
˵
ī˹鱨Ҳвʱˣ鱨רҵԣӦܸǡˡ鱨ɣ
٣ǡˡ鱨ŵûʲô⣬ˡ֮ÿִΪЩĳԱ˽ϴǾԼû취ԸԶŻˣԱԷǿľܣ
ī˹ԶŻǿǿھϣǶɴݲУҲ䣬ǡˡĺĳԱȴ
ī˹ĺ͸ԶŻ˵ľȷǿ󣬵ԶľҲһΣɰʮĳԱΧλϵԶŻˣǵһһƯķ̣
ǣ٣Ҳһʤ̣
ī˹˵
ʵȴǸô룬ϾУλǵĴӪԶŻġ
٣
ҵĴ֮⣬ȴǳһӰ
ȵ룿㲻ǲ뵽ΧеĺĳԱôΪλô췵أô
ɫ
׳ʲô״Ϊһı飿
оЩ
뻹û˵ǿ־֮ɫһ˵룬㲻Ҫż˵ǡˡܲǺ֮Уû˸˺㣡
ǣӳ򳤹٣λ⵽ԶŻ˵ǿҴȫû
ȫû
˵ʲô˵һ飡
򲻸ԼĶ䣬ٴʮĳԱȥΧλϵԶŻˣôȫûأ


1994 Ļ
ǵģ٣ûǼȫûˣҲѾѳְвٺĳԱǵʬ׶Ҳˣ
˵
жˣû˵ֻصĺ
ˡɳһ֧ΪǿĶ飬Ȼᱻȫû飬û
ǰִ񣬱ԶŻ˻ܣʧضйȫû⻹ǵһ˵
˵Ŀⶼ۽ڲϣȻЩ˵ĻҲ˫пκλš
룬˵ȫû׳ٶˣô㣬ô
˵
Ҳϸţ㶼ҲжҲ˰ɡ
ûѾ֪ǵжΪλᱻԶŻ֪ˣȻصܲ
˵
ûô
˿˵֪ȥ
ȥλ棬Ҹңһµǰصܲǻغϣ
˵һжӢޱȣǰ쵱УǱһ񣬵ȴǻɱԶŻˣǱһͷ
Ҷ˽⣬ֺôϲ֮ˣһУ˾޵ı֣ȷʵѵãҲʲôȻҪƳٻܲʱ䣡
˵
Ҳʱ̫ˣ㽫Ҿȳһ·ûüϸ˵ҿóضգĻģ
˵
Ȼ֪ЩʲôĻȻģ
˵Ȼȫû׳ˣҲǴһľϲ
٣ƴģҲ˴ССνɱԶŻ˵񣬵û뵽һˣȻɱϣֱţ
Щٵ˼Ƕǳ㣬ʵЩ˾糤ǵһ㣬ԶҪһӡ
Щ˵νǱӣȴǰĳɫҲǻÿ˾Щο
ȷǸλ棬Ȼ㵽ʲô취ȷȷʵʵĻ˵ġ
ī˹λϣҲⲼȻѾˣĻԲ˵ĵǼһﻹ˺ԼȫˣЩҪж˭ϡ
ī˹УⲼ˵һȫȻģϾҲֻԶŻˣǻᱻƭתī˹ᡣ
٣ǹضҪúýһǡˡоȱȸںԶŻӲƴѪ֮ˣ
ī˹˵
ͷī˹ոյһ˵ĲԶ˺ԶŻȣǿ̫ı֣ҲصĳԱĶ⣬֮һٺĳԱ
Ӣ
ī˹˵
ɢȥ뱾ҪǰѵҵģȴǱī˹ס
벢ī˹֮ĹϵҲЩţī˹ϸֳЦݣǿٵĻոϵıѾ㣡
˵ʲôҲ˼
ҡҡͷǳ
һẦ㣿ҪĻոڻҿȫĻԣ˵̸Ļԣ
ī˹˵
ĵһôôѵѾµʲô
룬Ӧ㳹ƻǵжɱ֮󣬻ЩҪɣȻҪȥжʧܵ
ī˹ӣ㣬ҵ벻Ϊλᱳѡˡ
ͷð㣬˵ʲô
ı˵ôǼһѵȥ棿
ī˹ЦİɣҺһϵģλѣ׼ȷ˵Ǽһһ·˴Сͱˮ֮ӿȪ֮ԿһӶҪǸһˣ
뻹Щ˵
ī˹˵㻹ţ
ðɣˣ˵ûҪҪĻڻоͲˣµȫԣңҲǱˣ
˵
ȥˣǸһ̫ļˣ
ī˹ҡҡͷѶԸǣѾλ档
Ҳȥʲôǵʱʱ伱٣ûϸ˵
˵ոհˣһΪڻǿЩʲô
򳤹ٶûпκ㺦ʲôȻݼʵڲ
ҸոĶǺˮҪ˵һ䣬¾ҪڻУ
ģһᾡ㣬ӦùҵȺɣ
ī˹˵

λ档
һʱ䣬Ѿ浱е⡣
ٶ֮죬㶼Щ벻
ȻҲǶϹۻڵһʱҵ㣬Ͷʵ㣬Ϲ塣
ҵϹ壬Ҫжʧܵڹ׸浱еϹ塣
λ棬ҲǺܿϵ˴еĻء
û뵽ôͷػأǸɫȻļһҲ˵Ǻˣѵ
ƺ뵽ʲôǲȷ
˹ڵӡʩµģ
˵
˹ʱҲǴӷ˸ո˵Ļ˰˹һۣ뻹ЩԶĻӦòվҵǰ
ߺߣĻҲˣ
˵ԭǱ֪ң㶼ҵķϣҲǶȻԸģȴ֪Ƕ˹֣
֪Ϊλ飬Ҫ֪ʦΪܵ飡
֪ģ
ЦҳΪˡĺĳԱ
㣬Ұ㽫˹ڵӡϣܷŹңҿ԰㱣סϵܣֻһ·
˵
Цڻʸҽô
㲻ӦĻҲŮ˵ģ
˵
㿴˰˹һۣ˵˹ڵӡȥ㲻
˹˵㣬ҽ⿪ӡ֮ǰܲҵһ
ͷ
˽뷿䣬ϵӡסҲ޷ߣұʵ֮£Ҳһֱ
㣬֪λǰ棬Ϊ˰ҽڵӡΪӡĴڣҵԸ仯ˣò֪ʱҪɢ
˵ʵֻǡ˹еһӡˣİ˹վȥ
˹ʧ֮ɫ㿴Щʹװ˹˼ǲӡĻ˹ʱпܱӡɱǾ֮ɫ


1995
˹¶ЦݣѾأ˵Ҳ֪ӡ֮ҵ껹᲻ʧҲ㵣ģ㣬ϣԶסʱң
ס㣬ۿڴת˵˹˼ֻ㣬Զʧٶ˵ģ

˹ͷ
ǰ˹Ķͷ˵ûˣǳȥɣ
뿪䣬ʦҲվ˵ӡô׽ģһᾡΪ
ʲô˼
ɫһ䡣
ɱңҲ˵ٻӡһаĽȺڰһʩչܹԶ屾ʹ˥һһҪЧܹ˵Ըı䣡
˵˹ǰԶ嵱صľӢ츳ױȣֻǿϧѡͽʵ϶ʩչӡҲЩĵģ
˵ص㣬Ҳ˵ϻ
ȵ
˹츳ڹȱѾ֪Ⱜ˹ɷ֮壬Ǻӵ츳ĴڣⲢҪΪֻ֪Ƿʮսǵӡ
Ըı䣬ӡΪ˵ЧҲ֪ڵġ˹ǰġ˹֮ʵϣǰġ˹ڵһ꣬óȻӡĻڰ˹ͻϾ˭ҪӵȨ
˵
ͻ

Ҫʧˣһĸң
ȵ
Ǿ֮ɫ˵壬ҲûƵ鰡㣬㡭
ʦֻһˣģҲģ
˹˵
û뵽˳ᣬû뵽һɱϵİ˹Ȼһô꣡
ʦ鷳ˣ
˹˵
ͷĵгֽɫâһЩЩȫע밬˹ڡ
һԿЩϾⲻԼʩ׻᲻Σա
ӡĹ̳˰ʱҲ۾˵ӡ֮ʩչΣǰȫʧܣû뵽һξȻɹ˰˹֮Ļ治ҴƱ
ʱ
ڵӡѾȵתϾͿѹˣӦòҪ̫ðɣ
˵

ҼȻѾӡ㣬ҲӦʱһȥ˰ɣ
ȥ
ǰҲһֱλϣ
ֻ˵ɱ㣬û˵صȥ
ҡҡͷ
ʲô˼һȥһֱλô
ü
ôողŽ⿪ķӡھҪҴսһô
㣬㲻Զ
־ǻǵӵսֲ֮ġ
ڿʼҪסѾˣ
Ϊʲô
㲻Ҫ֪̫֮࣬ܶԶŻ˵ĽǲܽŻģ

ŭԶеʦϵģ㣬ңҰȰ˹Զţ
ǱǸҲȥȥҲ·һ
㵭˵
ʲô˼ʲô·һ
ɰλִнɱʧܣ֮⣬ĳԱȫˣˣ
㿴һۣôشһʧܣһ᲻Ҹһڹô
𾪣ָԼ˵ѹ棬ұڹ
ĻǻɣѾ׼Ϲȥˣ
˵
㣬Ǻݶ赶ɱˣԭɱϹǡˡԱס㣬û뵽㾹Ȼһ֣һжƻ˵ģ
Ҳɣܶ޷Ԥ֪ǼȻ鵽һѾ֪һжˣ㻹Ҫô
˵
һ˻ֻȥҳԼĻáˡԼ޹أ򶨣˵ⱲڵһƼ롮ˡ⽫ҵмƻȫˣ
ĺܣȥֻ⵽ˡ׷ɱϾڡˡǺĳԱ츳̫ǿ˵ĳٽ缺ֻ˵Ļ
㣬ǺѷԶˣ֪Ͷǣʲôô
㻹Ǹǽͷݣǳļ֯Ļֻܱ֤ڡˡõҪ࣬ϾǾΪ˴ݻ١ˡڵģ
˵
ǻҪݻ١ˡ
˵㣬Ҫû㣬ġˡֻǱѣǾԲֻʵ
лѣ˹Ӧˣ
뷿䣬ϰ˹ȻƽţĺƽԣʱȫɫѾָɫȻЩ㲣ȴֳ׵˵ǰ˹ɭеľ飬ôڵǾع˼䡣
㻹ûע⣬˹Ƥȴƶ£ָ΢΢۾üëһ㣿㣬ôˣΪʲôоԼ˯ôã
˹̬Щûаȫе˼ЦЦǻˣҵĴ
ܹܳڵİ˹ǰޱȵİ˹
ҵôˣ
˹˵
߻ħ˯̫ãˣ
߻ħôֻǵҵȷڻԵʧȥʶģȻҸоҵƺܿƣ֮Ҿʲô֪ˣ
˹˵
ԼǲҪӡԸѵΪ̫ӣڻ˾ͺá
䣡
˹ȻͻȻһƣһҲǽǰǽڻǵĲԶŻ˶Χۣ˵ǣûʲôɣ
ûոѣЩӦ
ЩΡ
˸˶ı飺̫ˣ
ĺܣһﵽ뵽ȥˡ
㣬Ҹоڵɷǿ̫࣬⵽ô£
ɷǿ
ҲЩĪ
˹ҲǷ´һֺƣǽڵдĵðź⣬ƺڼڵǿȡ
Ҳ׷ٳȥ˹ֵĺ˷ܣ֮ǰ³İ˹Ȼ
㣬ڵΪˣҿǼǵ֮ǰһֱҪңھҼʱû͵
˹ȻԺﳯ֡
ЩЦãⰬ˹ոǱԼҪԾ˷ܣȻҪԼʵ
˹ֵܿܿһЦոոԭǲҪôɣ
㣬ʲôʱôˣѵɱô
˹ҡҡͷƺ㲻Һ


1996 Ѻ
˹ƺûȤҲ˵û뵽һôã㻹ôûӦûλɣոѾ˱
ţλ棬̫ãܶ飬Ҳ֪Ӻ˵֮ҪסԶŻ˵ĵ̣ǱҲԶŻˣ
˵
ѹﶼԶ˵׷ɱˣǲϲܵԶŻ˱ӻģұضҪ뿪ģ
˹˵
У
ߣʲôʱÿʼԸˣУҴȥ
˹ʵ
Щһʱ߻ħڼĴ󲿷鶼һ飬˹𾪣㣬㾹ȻˡˡһǺĳԱҪ֪ԶŻˣҪ֪Ļˣ
Ҳ֪ģԣʱ䲻ˣ
Ҳһֱģ
˹Ҳ˵
ⲻҪҵôҪ֪ԶĵУ˿Ѿɱأ
ģҿɲҪ㵣ģԼ˼룬ԼҪɵ飬ġˡҲԼҪȥĵط
ҲǰⰬ˹ѾȫˣԼȻԼҲȨʲô
֮úչԼͶˣ
֪Լû˵˹ҲǸɴ˵Ͼ˹ʵҪ˺Ǻѵġ
ҲǣԸǻһεļ棡
˹ȻЩ飬㵹Ҳǵͷаڿ˹ڵӡǸŮħͷֻˣԼҪԵ㶹ҲǾƲܵˡ
ͱһЩ飬Ҳ뿪λ档
ҹɫˣһɽϣ˹Ҳǿճ淢㶡
㣬֪ҲںģΪǰȴҪǰأ
죬㺰ҽ㣬ΪûкɲҵģĻܹȫӡסģ
ǽҷӡסҲҪ˵ϲģܸܵң֪㲻ôģΪ˭Ҫ
ߣҿǲϲκ˵ģ㣬Ű㣬Ҳһμ棬ҽǵˣ

ˡܲ
ʱгһ϶Թ
ӳӴˡ
ӦϹ˰ɣҪ֪ǵĹأǡˡĳԱûʲôҪĻǾԲܲģ
˵
ҸףϹ峤Ϲɱˣ㲻Ҫ飿
Ϲ˵
㸸Ϲˣ
ЩԾϹ˵ҲĴ֮һϹ峤ԺգȻɱˣ˭ôĵӾȻϹɱˡ
ǱǡˡɱˣҲ֪Ҳʲôطȥ
˭˭ɱϹ峤
㣬ǺĳԱ㣡
Ϲ˵
𺳣㣿ôܻ㣬ִнɱȥô
ȷɣ
˵䣬׺䣬ϹĲ˶֤
ãϵش󣬾ҲΪҵȽ򳤹٣
˵
һĳԱɳ飬ضԸץˣ㲻ͬǿصĺĳԱҲԼѣڹ˽Լܲ¡
ãҾͿǻ飡
Ϲ˵
ȱ𼱣ȥϢң
ָͨԱ˵
ܿ죬Ϲ۱У򳤹ɫЩţҪ֪򳤹ɢǹƸԽӽĵǡˡеĶǿôʵ𺳡
ϹۣңΪҪ㸸ɱ
ǣ٣ϹǰͺһζԹΪҴϹɱˣ棬ҲǽϹ壬Ҹ׺սǱɱ
㽫Ϲ壿ʵܴ
򲻽
ҲôˣԸһеģ˭뵽ȻɱҸף
Ϲô
ɫΣΣɱҸףһʵ
ǡˡҪ㸸ֻعô
⡭٣ֻǲҸĲף
ǻǲǣ
ǣҲң⣬ΪˡӦý㴦
Ϲ˵
ѺΣһ˶Ѻȥ
ǣ٣
ͷ
⡭٣ƾʲôƾʲôѺҽΰɱҸף
ߺߣҺܻϹһЩΪ
˴ߣܿ췵ػңҲЩ⣺٣ȻҲɱϹȻԭģҲ׳ΪҪѺأ
㲢һ嶯ˣǺϹжԹҲóȻϹ峤ɱ鷳
˵жʧ֮ǰ棬ʲô鶼ûֱӽϹɱȻ֤ϹжʧűȻĹϵһϹڼ飡
е٣һҶû뵽ȷǰɱ޹֮ˣмϸеĻǲģ
˵ûлǶ治֪ǼһҪʲôʱŻ᷵ܲ˵ģ
ʲôѾܲķΧˣȥЩأ
˵
ʶˣܲһжָƣȻ֪Ѿصܲ
ܲĽõУҲǿ˲ٺĳԱѵҵ⿴ī˹ֻī˹˸µȻ˵ƣҲǳͷ
ң֪ÿ춼ڻУûнˡıóҵĴѾˡ
Ȼ֪Լˣ
٣ӳ
㹧˵
εѾµ˵һ飬˵жʧܵԭ򣬶֮ҲȥѰԭˣѾн˲ô
ԭλһ˳һɱԶŻˣۿҪѣû뵽ȴǱԶŻƣ
԰׳ٵʵԭǱҲûʲôʧٺĳԱܺǽǰ׳ٲ֪Ϊʲôͷʹ쳣Ҽ壬ƺܵĳ䣡
˵
˶ϰʩ䣿
䣬һ䣬ֻʦŻʩչӡӡֱӽ׳ٵսһ룬ȻƴȻԶŻΧɱ
ңҲڲٺĳԱڻ£Ųų뿪λ棡
ҵֿҲҲ
ӡȻʦڸЩģ
Ƿŭ


1997 ľ
ӡһаĽӡ彫˥ΪǿûĲЧ
˵ԭʦԸЩͽû뵽ϰ׾Ȼӡζ󲻵
ͷѾ׳ٱˣǺӵУûʦĴڣ
ɱĺãϹҲйذɣ
ϹϵܣȻȷǷУǷ飬ҾɴɱһҲܷһ
˵
ϹȻҺϵܣ˾ûʲô㽫ɱˣҲԱȫλϷ飬Ҵ˵ˣǳִ񣬱ѾǾˣ
ûа׳ҺͲҲֻǿϧЩȥĺĳԱ𣡡
˵
ȻѾҵԭҲҪ̫ˣ´ִһֵĸӳɫǡˡҲٰԶŻˣ
˵㣬ȻȥϢɣ
ͷҲ뿪ҡ
뿪󣬿ͿҲǽ񣬿˵٣ľûģð׳ס㣬Ҳǽһ˳ڲأ
ǰִУѾŴΰܸԶŻˣû뵽ΪʦȻѱ䣡
δҲǡˡвɶõ˲ţҲҪúԺҪôְλˣ
٣ŸˡãôžҪְǡ
ģȻϧţҲԲڴڡˡеı֣
˵

ī˹һֱѵȺ㣬ӲԶҲǳĴָ˽һҡ
ī˹˵ѣȻⶼɻأ㣬ʱһǲò㣬㻹ȥ潫ˣ
ҿûɱ˹ڵӡ⿪ˣѾλˣ
㲻ܵô
£Ǵˣ֪ǻص棬Ҳ޷淢ҵģ
ȷ鶼ԤϵУˣոڻң򳤹˵ʲôô
ī˹ʵ
ûǿó԰ϧ
ǿѣôѣȻѹ㣬ԶŻ˵λЩʲôã
Ѿ֯бĿľǺ͡ˡԣ
˵
ī˹Ҳǵͷû뵽Ƕô죬֮ǰϹѾȴǱؽΣǳʧ꼰㣡
Ϲ۴ĺܣҪΪϹȴƫƫ˼̫࣬ҪΪֱ鷳һΣϹҪٵˣ
ҡҡͷ
ܲĵڶµȥĶʮĳԱĹٵĹݻĹȫʯӶɡ
Ҳó򳤹ٶ԰ӳ̶ȡ
ܶܲеĳԱϯϿ򳤹һΡľ顯˵Сȡ
ĻЩ֮ԱǣȻΪΣǾ壬ϾܸⳡĿģҪתעܲ˶ӳԶŻˡ
´ʣǴ´ʵĻᣬСˡԱĶ˩һ
˵ǵռ񣬾ɨǺӵеһкڰǺӵкڰԴԶŻˣһղǺӾһջУҵǣͱٵ꣬ԺںԶŻ˽ֵսʤǺһƬ
ɱԶŻˣɱǣҪΪٱ𣡡
ܶ˶һ
ȻܵΧЩϴζһֱڸԶŻа飬ҲԿеһЩǿߵˡ
һܲϢգ㲢ûнӵκ񣬵ȻҲī˹˵ʱڿһֱڿкĳԱΪҲͣ䷢
㵹ǲʲôʱ䷢񣬶˵ҪҪˡһ뷨᲻ΣǵĴڡ
㣬ʱ˵λǰȫģǡˡ鱨ѾʾλûһλԶŻˣԿ򳤹ٵţȻǾԶŻռ˱ˣ뿪λ棡
ī˹˵
ҲǵͷΣյĵطȫĵطԶŻ˵ĻؽλϣȷһΪȷ顣
ǡˡٽ׶Σ򳤹ʵȫֻϹѱ䣡
ôĺĳԱֻϺ겻ɹŹ֣ΪҸоϺΪͻ漶ǿߣ
˵
漶ǿ֮ǳǿߣˡУʵһ֧ǳսӵģǡˡΪص鱨ŶǶ˽٣
ǳǿߣǳսӣ
зŹ⣬ѹ˵ԼġˡֻǱѣǳսӵбضһǳǿɵǡˡռὫɳġ
ڵΪǳǿǻһξ룬ҪŬУЩǳǿѹң
㰵

Զ塣
ϹɱϢҲǴķз嵱Уһա
ϾϹĴ֮һ峤ϢɱˣɱϹ˻ǡˡĺĳԱ
ҲĴ˵һϵ
һޱݻլԺУĲ˶Ѿ롣
ϹҲɳһϴֻɫѿӵһԲĳ϶ο쳤ϣ飬ȷǸɵ̫ˣȻ㽫Ϲɱһ㣡
ǰˣϹ۵˶ѺΣҪ֪ˡ᲻ģ˵ĴˣǻҳԱҲ󲻵ģ

ֱǶľ壬Լ壬ȻȻԶеĴ壬ۼݣȴǲҳԱǰ
ҳԱӵѪͳҲԶ嵱ųֵƵĵطǽЩҳԱȴŽ٣ĴŲŵĳ֡
ϹϹۣĴΪţһһץΣƿǡ
УĴҪĻԶ嵱ҪҳԱѹˣЩˡĳԱҲûаأ
һλ˵
ԶеĴʵϹϵһֱԭǻҳԱĴڣȻûʵ϶˴Ӧ
һΣȴ˽Ҫˡ
϶ԥľһȴ˵֪λǵҵŮ˹ô


1998 
˹
Ȼǵãɷ֮壬Զ嵱츳ˣֻǿϧλնɱ˻ҳԱҲ⵽ˡ׷ɱ
˵䲻ģԶ嵱еͽ
Ƕ˵
ȴҡҡͷɱ˻ҳԱΪеͽλûҳԱĺܸ߹ôŮɱˣǻҵΪĴڣҲûɱԷģ仰˵ɱ˻ҳԱǷôҳԱɱǣѵӦõô
ľ峤㣬ʲô˼
Ϲ峤ˡɱһ취ûУѵǲĴԶ嵱к޵λô
ľ˵
ǣǿǲأ
ûʲôǲģĴֻҪǻҶûа취
ľ˵
Ƕ˼С
ʱӵ߽һŮӣŮӼգ·ȫ͸һı˪Ϣľ㿴ŮЦݣ˹ҵĺŮҲֻĳֲܻѳѪˣ
˹ľ峤˵Ů˹
ŮǰѾص˼УѾҽʱǺ飬ʦµ䣬˵Ůܹһ漣
ľ缤˵
λϣ峤ǰ˹Ҹ˵ûĴȻϿȥǷ⣬ʵԶ嵱УҳԱǣڡˡԱ͸˵ˣϹ峤ģ
˹˵λĴ˻ңûϰɣأΨܷǣ
˶˼
һҵĳ˵ͬľ峤˵Ļ˹ҲǼ֤µ漣ҾĴӦúʹǰһôңҪվҪң

ӵ˶Ǵ˷ܼһ㣬ɫ㣬ȻѾӦˡ
Ϲ쳤˵Ϲ峤ˣϹҲǱɱֱؽΣ˵ģҲ֪Ӧη
쳤ϸ˹ĸоһ˹˵쳤ϣ֪ϹڴڷǳѵʱڣҪĴʵһáˡЭʶԼĴ󣡡

쳤ϵͷ
˹˸׶ľһۣҲ˵ȻˣĴ쿪ʼʽͬˣиͬͬұ֤ҶľԻ˵Ϊ
ľ峤Ƕ㣡
ǣľ峤Ӧôҡˡֻعô
ǲչʾǵȭͷˡǲ״ǵģҪԸˡҪҵĳԱѹ
ãζģ

֮
ˡܲԼķ䵱бչؾޣī˹ʱṩ鱨㵹Ҳǲ»©ˡзһЩ顣
ķ䣬ī˹룬ҲǽŴ򿪣ϥʯ棬ҲһԵȺ
һ˫ۣѵܲô⸱żı飡
ܲ£Զ壡
ô£
õ鱨ĴѾʽˣѾȻͻҳԱԣҵǰ࣡
ī˹˵
ңԶԽԽãͿԸǸĴϢʱ䣡
ˣ㣬֪ĴˣҪĸʹһô
ҡҡͷ
ľ壬ľŮǰ˹
ʲô˹ǶľĳԱ
Īһ
һ飬˹ѾصԶ嵱УҲ˵Ĵ˱ȻҲ
Ͱ˹йأ
ŸоЩ鷳
֪鲻ð˰ɣ㣬Ҫ˹ʵͽ֮
֪
ͷھȥң뿴򵽵ʲô뷨
򳤹٣ʱûж̬ŻҳԱ
ʱʼҵģ
˵
Уļ㣬һʱûмˣӣƺΪ٣
ϴλʧ֪ԼһЩǿ߻ŲСĲ࣬ΨŬܸϳǣ
˵
ͷ˵Ҳʱһԥ
٣˵
Զ嵱еĴǻȻͻҳԱԣȻǼǰ飬һֱѹţ뿴ǵ׻ҵʲô̶ȣ
٣Ȼᷢ飿
ѾˣǶľĹŮԭɱһҳԱǺӵеͽһֱӱǡˡ׷ɱû뵽ŮȻţ
˵ǸŮˣ
㣬ʲô
ҵǾκηѹĻ²ŻеģĴǾԼƵĲУŻḪ׳н飬٣ǾԲóȻ£ĻпܻԶشӰ죡
˵
Ҳһһֱѹԭ㣬ҽ齻㴦ûаⳡƽϢ
㾡Ϊ
ãҲչسˣҾͽȥ죬סҲϣԶ嵱зʲô̫ƽ飡
ǣ٣
ͷ
Ҫ񣬶ִеĻ˹¾Σˡ
ûżǰΡ
㣬ЩһﶼǼ㵱ĵ㣬ʲôĻͺǣ
һλ˵
ͷ
ˡܲеһǿĽɣڼεеηУÿ춼ܵ׵ϴʹ
̽ľϹ۵ˣǱһѾ׵ڣϹۿ㣬ֻһҪǹȥ㣬ɱҸ֣εʹ࣬ҾŹģ
飡飡飡
֮еǽ֮ϣǴ׵ĻأϹȻֱ׵˵
ȫ׵磬ǧҪ
ǰϹ帴˵ϣԲµģ

۾УϹۣ㻹ŸϹôҪ֪ҿ˵Ҫεдһأ
ʲôܵģһҪȥ㣬ַҳȥ
ҷȥ
ЦϹۣʵұԩ޳ɱϹ֮λԭȵ㸸Ϲ峤ǣҪҪԸңԣб׵֮ʹҲǾȡ
㵹ҲǾ֮ˣҪ뿪ΣΪϹ峤ҲǲܵģֻҪܹԹҵ
Źâ
㣬ʲô˼
ϹЩų˵


1999 ʦ
Ϲ˵⻰Ҳ־ᣬΧλ˵СǾԲôİģǧҪҪ֪峤綼Ǳɱģ
ԣСһҪϹٵɲƣ
ߺߣһӶεб׵֮ʹĻ͵ҸոյĻ˵һЩ飬ˣ
Ц
ȵȣ
Ϲ۳
㲢ûͣסŲǴǰ
һ̣ȴεһƺڴ㣬ΪҪǳ֣
Ϊ˻
Ϲ˵
תεУϹ۽ȫɱȻƽⲻεеĽ磬Ҫ䲻⽫߼ɱҲǷǳɵġ
ԼҪĵʲôˣ
Ϲ۵
ߵͷҪΪϹ峤ҪԶ嵱Уû˲ң㣬뿪
˵ֻҪԹԺϹ壬峤
˵гһѾӨ͸ԿףԿܹΡ

Զ塣
ĴѾмʱˣǶľ㣬Ҳǰ˹ĸס
ľʽҵҲǵõĴ˵ľ֧֡
ԭԳѪ߹һֱĴУһҲǳĴʵ
ʵС
ٻҳԱɫȫ䣬Ƕʲôʽ
棬Ĵʵ̫ˣǹȻǻҳԱһǱáˡݺһˣ
ԶȨ˱㱻֮Ϊ档
λҲǸ׷ˣ˵Զһ֯Ȼ˵ȨǵİȫҪ֪Զ嵱зңǾԵĳ裬ǲ׽ģ
棬Ĵ嵱ǿߣķңǻһܵ޴Ĵˣ
˵
ǾڷҲֻҪѹԶ嵱еĻȨǲǿսģ
ƺš
ˣѾвǻҳԱ棬ǲԶ嵱ȨĴڣǶӦǷԸ
ˣס죬ΪļһĴŻѡȻǣ
ȵӦκȺһƽദȥԸǣ֪ôҪҪԶ˳ǣǰǰǿԵĿˣ
ˣĴѾڻʵ֮⣬ƺƵƺҪַǣ
һ
ǽ
沢η壬ȥΪ򶨡
ܿ죬ĴĲ˶ǽʵܵĻҳԱĵĿǣʹƺƵЩҳԱҲǵһȡ
ˣ
ľ㹧˵
ľ峤ض֪ǻҳԱһЩѾǵλЩʼվǶԶˣԲҪ飬Ҫ֪ǺΪǿ壬ңǸᣡ
˵
ˣʵҪԸǻҳԱ
ľҡҡͷҪûҳĴ֮ĵλ
ʲô˼ľ峤
Ҳ˵ԺĴ˽ͻԶ嵱ƽƽҽ޷ٲٿǣ
ľ˵
ʲôҪѱôǻҳԱѪΪԶͳѪǻҲһֱԶĵλǾԲĵģ
Ҫƽƽֻһ취Ǿ壡
лҳԱ˵
沢ҲҪľķӦ
Զ嵱ܲأǺкηֱأ
ľԣ˹Ҳǵ˵
ʲô˹Ҫ֪ͽ㱾Ӧģ
ôҵҪʵУ˭ҶҵŮ
ľȵ
ˣľ峤Ѿ˵ʵҪڶģֺαػϽͣ
Ȼ˹ᵽǻҳԱĴˣҵҪ֪кĲԵĵط
ܼ򵥵һ飬Ůɭλɱ˻ҳԱеķȴǱˡеǿ׷ɱǺӵˣ
ľ˵ҶľֻôһŮѵҳԱô
ľ峤Զ嵱Уɱ˳쾭֮£˹ɱҳԱһҪܳͷҲ֪кβ֮
棬ҳԱɱĴԱʱ򣬿û˵ôûʣ
ľ˦˦䣬Щŭ
Զ嵱УҳԱһֱĸĴ˷У֮ǰǻżɱĴˣҲǽжһɶֻǰĴ˲ҺǼƽϰˡ
֮ɫľ峤ԶԭǻһУĴ˱ҪҸĴӦеأҴӦҪŮ˹ҲӦҪĴ˺ǻƽƽǺܱǸԶӦڻҵ֮·չ
ףӦӦأĿĿУĴȻܵƽȵĴԣһǲһǲ뿪ʵģ
˹˵
ǲһǴҶ뿪ʵ
ĴĳԱҲ˵
ȵǷˣľ㣬Ů˹ͷ£ҿɱĲǻҳԱķŮз֮ģˡ׷ɱӦãˣҽ˹ץҪЧȣҿ˭ʵз
ʵеļǿ߶ڰ˹ǰǼ˶û˿ԥ˹֡
˭ҶŮ
ľ㵲ڰ˹ǰ
ۿʵһڶҪ
ʱʵ֮⣬ȴһ
ס֣
Ϲ۴߽ʵվԵһλӡ
ӣ˹ҲǲȻһһôʱ
㣬㾹Ȼӡˡӳˣ
Ǹָ˵ڣϹ˱ǴԼһ⣬ô˵ӳء
˵עⶼϹϣֻа˹һֱڹעӡ
Ȼ㣬ĿҲǷڰ˹ϡ
˽񣬰˹˵ԶʲôϹ۵ĸֲǱɱôôһ𣿡
㽫Զʰоֵģ
˵
ʰо֣ǲԶҪˣ
ҪĻΪˡ᲻ôΪĴ˿ֻ죡
ߣ㣬Ƕľˣʲô鶼Ҫϼ棬ƾʲôҳԱѹһӣ
ôһǵõӦеأ
Ϭ˵
ãҵҪǵҪʲô
˹ЩĪر㾹ȻϹһʵʵ̫˲ˡ


2000 ǳǿ
ϹۣˡѾͷųҲӦóΪϹ峤
浭˵ȥ򶨣ʵеҳԱ඼˷ִ硣
̫ҵȷѾˡͷţ
Ϲۿľ㣺ľ峤ΪϹ峤ӦԶ巢һЩ鷢ԼĿ
ҲϹ峤ʲô⣡
ľͷ˵
ȣĴҸһֱԸĿľҪĴĳԱ뵽һҲǳҳԱ֮ǰûнĴУǱϾӵΪѪǵĽžΪҳԱҲӵкһĽ
Ϲۼ˵ȻҲǺͻҳԱìڣŽʵзڶǺͻҵìȻڣΪͲһڶԽ⣡
˵˶٣ʶĿһۣ߲Բ΢΢ͷ
ľ˵Ϲ峤Ȼ˵ⲢڶԽӦνأ
ܼ򵥣ĴĳԱҲʽҵУǺͻҳԱܹˣҲͻҳԱиͬͬ
Ϲ˵
˹һۣ˵û뵽εоȳһΪĴͲˡѾĴΪЩ˲ô
ȷǽұƵȵزˣҲǻǽģ
˵ȫңܹϹ岻ܵҳԱİڲȻǵ˲٣ĽˣҪ͡ˡԿ
㣬뿪λ棬Ҿ֪ǲú󽫻棬û뵽ǣξȻѡң
˹˵
ΪǡˡĺĳԱĴͻңԲվԼһߣϾˡͻҵĹϵһֱǷǳȶġ
ûлش˹Ͼڵİ˹Լ֮ǰʶǸɱϣʲô鶼ˮİ˹ǻὫڼġ
Ϲ峤Ǽҡ
ľ㻹û˵꣬˹˵Ϲ峤Ǿ뷨ܺԸңͻҳԱദԶӷٵķչ
ľ˹ԲʱҲǵͷŮ˵Ļҵ˼ĴҲǵ˼
Ϲ۵ͷˣ֪ǷԸǼңΪҵĳԱأ
ţȷһȫİ취Ϲ峤ǰϹһֱ˵ӵУϹΪǻ׿û뵽Ϲ峤ȴǸʤһȲˣԶؽԻͣ
ͷ
˵ȶҪģֻҪǺĴƽƽǼңȻǻԶ塣
һ飬ʵ׿ŵˡŮ˹ָҳԱݣ
ľ˵
ͷľ峤飬Ҳѱ֤
ΪΣ
˹ɱλҳԱһˣԶþԺеһλϵþԺԶ嵱гϾ֮أͨ£ңҲûг棡
˵þԺĳҪǱչس֪˹Զ嵱УǡҶ޷ֹǣ
ȻǲþԺ
ľ㿴һ۰˹ȴ˵þԺеĳһ㶼ǲģǳأҲһǵôģףصǣ
ľȻԭ̾ȴҲûг
ϹҲʱһ㣬ƺѯıǷԣ㳯ͷҲϹ۰Ĳ١
˵ܹ뿪ǸطصԶ嵱Ϲ峤ֱһ㣬Ȼɱ֣ΣԼɱҲûȻǣΪʲôѡĸһأ
ӻʵ뿪˹ҲǸͷôǹмҵô
Һ֮仹õ˵мôҪ֪Ϊ˰˭ŻὫǻҳԱɱģ
Щǰأ
Ц
ôôأ
˹ҡҡͷ
Ȳ˵ˣҪܲˣ
ûкͰ˹̫ãתʧڰ˹ǰ
㣬ȻΪ˰ŻԶ壬ôأ
ôϢȴõأ
㻹Ҫöľ彫ȡ֮ô
ߣֻôҰĵĻһǰ˹ô

صܲûмȥī˹ԶĲþԺҲʲôϸ
Ҫ飬ѵԭԶеĳԱþԺԶ嵱вٳϾ޵ĵطΪǿ󣬵Ϊ̫ҲǾÿʵԳҪĻǲµģ
ī˹˵ҪǸʲô
˹ɱҳԱǵΪϵӣǰʵ
ȻͲþԺйϸҲҪ̫ģϾЩϲһǵôģ
ܾЩף
ҡҡͷī˹ҶԶǱߵ鱨ʲôң
ī˹ҲǵͷͰİɣһ㶢ģ
뿪ī˹鱨ţҲڻн췢¶˿򣬺߷Ǵжǿ佱֮⣬Ͼû뵽㲻һһ䣬ûнˡְеһͽԶҽˡ
Ҫ֪֮ǰ򲢲ǲ飬Ӧô֣ϾһǺ͡ˡϵܵĻңһԶ嵱еĴ壬ҲԶĸʵϰһ𡮴ˡ
ֵȴǱˣÿٸο
Ŀ޶˵ûаֵø˵ĵط֪ǡˡе֧ǳսӣԼʱ֧ǳսִ
һ֮гأһ˿Цݣ˫ȭǰӶɢâʱ䣬ٴν롮ͨ춦ҲΪŽ漶ǿ۷徳磬ī˹˵ǳ磬ҲǲҪԵټʱգ۱ضܳΪǳǿߣ
ǳǿȫԽ漶ǿߵĴڣǿϢղ͸ǿߣҪɱԼ޷ѵġ
⡮ˡлһ֧ǳǿɵսӣо֧ǳսӶڱǽǾ޴вԣҲΪǳǿߣܰﵽǸࡣ
ʱҲǸܵ춯ī˹ĽŲŲЩ٣ʲôҪԼ
Ŵ򿪣ī˹Ǽ֮ɫʵʲôˣ
ǰ˹㣬þԺĳץˣ
ī˹˵
þԺˣǲŹ˹ģҪǰԶ壡
˵


2001 þʽ
Զ壬þԺ
ԭǻҵеĳϾ޵ĵطڽ죬ȴַǷ
³Գأǹƥľҽ˹ץزþԺǲþԺˣ˵Զ嶼
þԺеκһλϣԶ嵱žصĵλǶҪؼ֡
ľ峤ľ԰³ϸûа㷴Ǵʵϻϡ
ľԼ˵ĲþԺټԺӵУȴûҵԼλá
ľŮɱ˰׳ϵӣһһҲ̫˰ɣ
гϺİο
һһϣֻΨһŮò׻Ҹ߰³ϣҶľԸ⸶κδֻۣŹ˹
ľ˵
ľҲһ֮˵ǰЩұƹڰ˹ᱻһ£ϣܽڰ
׳ѾҪ˹ˣ
ڽʱҳԱμӡʽ
λϺ˶ľļ򣺡ľȻҲǻҳԱ⡮ʽǻǲҪֵĺãϾѾ޷ȵˣ
ľڵϣһ㡣
þԺеһݵС
˹ϥʯ֮ϣɫȻȻûܵκȴǲһǿ磬ûӳ
Ŵ򿪣һλ׷ߴ߽ɣߣ״̬ƺǺŮˣֻûôõ̬ˣ
ʲô˼
˹˵
㽫ǲþԺбִ̣еĳԱμһεġþʽ
Ц
ʹôЩļأƺ֮أ˵ɱһӸ
˹Ц
㻹˵ֻң˹ҰΨһӣȴǽɱҪ㸸׵洦㣬ļ˶ɥʧһʹ
Ը
˹˵
³ϱֱӳݣҪŻв˹ģû뵽ȴǱ˹İˡ
ҵĴ֮ʱôһصԶ廹治ʱأ
˹ҡҡͷ
þԺгϵΪжǿͲԼܶԸģڶľˣûа취Ըˡ
ʵϣ˹֪ԼŻڰǰ򶨼ǿ
㣬Ҫͺˣһа취ȥģ
㣿Ҳ޼£þԺʵ̫ǿˣȻҲ뾡һа취ңֻǣڡˡܲҽͽִ̣
Ҫһֱλã˺ܺõģ
վҪҲԶУ㵱ʱӦģλᰲȻ
㣬ֻһˣһֱѾǶչˣֻƽɹһ٣

ҹǿ貣ѵõ֮ա
þԺвٻҳԱѾϵǶҪ밬˹ġþʽ
ľ峤ȻҲˣ飬˵ʵڵ飬Щ˶⣬ܽڰ˳䣡
˰ο
ϹҲǳþԺУ˹̵ִģ˵ʵȴûаˡ
ϾⰬ˹ŮˣˣԼǰߣϹۻǽ֪˹ҪģҲġ
浽ˣ
˶żеĻþԺ
ڰ˹ץ飬Ȼ˷ܣϾѹסĴˣӶԼŵõ̡
ˣ˹ŮͰ³飬ŹŮ
ľ˵
ľ峤飬ҲΪѣҪ֪þԺҪ飬ûֹģҪ봦˹Ҳûã
˵
ľǾǰʵƹȻ濴ϲͷ
öľǻûйã±ǴŰ˹ȺУ߻վżΪǿĳϣƺҪͰһִвþʽ
˹ӣҲʹ֣ǰ򶨣Լǰȴǰװ
¿һĻ﷢ЦôǰǺôȴģɱ˳ҲǷɣҪκνҵˣû˿Ծģ
˹Į£֪û˾ңȴǲɱӣ
ߣôȵ㸸ΪҹǷϣǶľ˥ȥҲ𣿡
ЦӦúúڶľ˵ʲô
ǸΨһŮˣضľҲΪҸ׵Ƿ϶˥ȥҸ׿ྭӪļ壬Բܾ˥
˹£涼ûа취ңҸôأֻܵô
˹Ѻ϶ͷ̨
ԺӵУһ̻Ի͵˳ҲǰԵĶͷ̨
ѽ󵶣мǸպܷͷ­
ǲþԺУִСþʽϹͷ̨ˣصķΪǵΪѾӰ쵽Զİ
Խ죬ҰҪͷ̨ٴ˴һλﷸǶľİ˹ɱӵˣ
˵
˹վǶͷ̨ǰ棬û̫η壬ⲻľǱߣ¿׾
˹ͷ̨ǰ
ǲĻ㲻ᱻͷ̨նͷ­ʹ䣬궼óȣ
ˣǵõк壡
˹˵£͸߹㣬ҲҺ֮У
ߺߣڶͷ̨ǰҽƱ磬ǲײĲˣ
Ц
˹㲻ҪĸףȻûȳҾԲǷȥľҵĴ֮£ֻԽԽǿȥɣ
ľ˵
ߣ
Ƿŭ֮ɫû뵽һĻȵȻ˵Ļ˹ͽܶͷ֮ʹɣ
˹ͷڶͷ̨ϣԵѽҲѾƺʱ𵶶пܻ£ͷ­նϡ
ͷ̨иأֻҪһ𵶱£ʱ򣬾޷Ⱜ˹ˡ
־ͷǰť֮ϣҪȥȴû뵽յȴǳһǸҰǰťĻ۷þԺᱻҳ׻ٵ
˹Ҳһȣһ˵㣬ģ
˹ҲܿеӰԺӵУվǰǰһ£͸ŵļƺڸ߰£ո˵Ļûа˵ġ
ӵĳ֣Ҳð벻ַǰťϣҲͣʱȴǷǰӵ־Ȼ˹ֱƿ
ǧһЩΣյ飬пܻٵ壬ҵ˭Ҹ㣬ɱӵҲзݲ룬㣡
ϵЦݡ


2002 ɷ֮
ǾŽ漶۷ǿߣ㽫ԼƿҲǳˣҪ֪ոͷųǲԼ֮µģСӣжǿ
ɱӣзôСӣ
ºȵ
㲻æ˹Ƕͷ̨ǰҲ˵ôѵΪ˹һɱô
㣡
ŭȻ˵Ļ׼㰬˹һɣ
׳ϣСӿǡˡĺĳԱܿ򳤹ӣҪ˼а
˵
ˡĺĳԱѪûУܳΪĳԱڵĴѹֻᱻԶŻһδλܣΪô
ºȵ
ǡˡĺĳԱҲû£Ϊƻ˲þʽ˭Ҫ
һλϺȵ
˹һۣǺο֪࣬Ȳңô
ǵõɱӵʱ۾ûգһô㵱ʱȥˣ
˵Ҽǵ˵ĵġ
һ
˹㴥Ҳ˵ȻҪĵĻֵ̫ˣ
οǱͲ
ǽ
̧ͷ

֮գһŹһֱûó
һЦ
ºȵСӣ˵Ҫ˹ȻĴӲþԺô
Ȼ
㵭˵
ߺߣΣ
³˹ȥٶȿ磬Ƶбŷ㲻Ҵ⣬µʵ޼ʩչȭһ֮ǻ׻ơ
ҪԸңȴǲ½磬ҪٵԺô
˵
ǰ±ϷʣҲǴﻹþԺİȫһƥҰ˫Ȼ㡣
ȭ
ҲʩչԼǿȭԿ¡
㵹ʵȻԺͰ³ϴƽ֣ѹֻݳΪĳԱ
˰
ϹҲ˵׳϶ȥ֣ҸϣҲҽ뱨˳죬һｫҴзųҲϹ峤ĵλסˣһ治֪ո
ɱѾǽƾɱ⣬Ȼ޷ںĽռϷ磬ⳡ־սѾȻռϷ֡
еƶѾȥ֮ѾԼ޷Ը㣬þԺеȻǲ߰˹ģλ϶ǰ
ߺߣҪһô֪ǻ˵ģ
˵
ѵôλþԺеĳҪԸ㣬Ȼô
ɼΣ

׳ϣһ֮
Ǻȵ
˹ΣգҲǱͬľվԣȻȴǸܵΧȴɢâ
һɹӴɢ˹̸ܵĿֲ֮
ŹȻһֱҲ֮գλ棬ŹǰһΣҪܱǿ
ȫŹâ˲ǿһ㣬µ˵Ȼо˶ڣҶǾŽ漶۷徳磬ǸܶԸǵ֮
ʵȴ벻漶۷徳ǿ߳ŷֲȴǱϵĵס
ȻҲûаƣ֤˶ûκ㡣
˹վԱߣܹܵǿİȫУȻģѾҪˡ
ߣ
ס˹ֱۣ˳ȥþԺвµĽ֮޷ס㡣
ˣ
˵
ҵ죬ôܣþԺеĳ϶ûԸǡ
ûǰʵǾþԺеĳҲһ
ľȴ֣Ȼ˭ԼŮ㹻ˡ
׳ϣ⣬Ȼˣ
ϽǶû׷ȥϾֶûܶԸ㣬׷ȥΡ
ոձѾִǳǿ߾磬ǡˡе֧ǳսӿԶԸСӣǶ֣
ˣˣΪʵãû뵽ȴЩ϶̫ûгȥˣ
˵
þʽƻǴûй飬ǵȷ̫ûгȥˣһΣҿӦǰˡܲ
ƻþʽǺĳԱ򳤹ٶԲ̻
ߣ

㱾뽫˹ͻλ棬ǰ˹ȴִⲻȥ㲻˵Ҫĵôһȥλ棬ʲô˼
֮գҶҪڲþԺˣ˹㵱ҪһصܲôҲ֤ᱣס
˵
ȻҲܻصλ棬һģǶӮˣܼλ棬ǶˣҲа취ӳȥ
ڰ˹ҪһЩˡ
ĵ˼ҺҪһκѣʹ࣬Բ뿪Ұ벽
ôİô
ҡͷЦڿûʱ̸˵أ
ɱ飬Ҫ֪ɭλϣҿûٰ㣬ΪǿˣҲʱ򱣻ˣ
˹˵
˺ִܿˡܲҲûаԥֱӽ˹ȥҡ
УЩŭ㿴óʵ֪뿪ܲΪҪŮ˻ô
ǰ˹Զˣ֮ǰλʶΪֽþԺа³ϵɱ⵽ˡ׷ɱһصԶ壬ȴǱþԺеĳץߣ
˵Ҳ̿ҲóȻ뿪ܲǰþԺ
㣬ŵŮô
ʵ
㿴˰˹һۣǣŮˣΪҿԺþԺΪУ
㽫ǰҰ㱣סô
˵Ҫ֪㽫˴ߣƻ˲þʽĻ㶼޷ס֪㣬ҼĺĳԱһ仰زþԺһ취Щ϶ԭ֮ǰΪ
٣ʵϳ˰˹Ů֮⣬һԭƱҪס
˵
ԭҿǰ㶼
ҡҡͷ
˹ɷ֮壬츳Ǳ֮ϣǡˡȱ˲֮ʱǰ˹ܼǵĻν绢
˵
ɷ֮壿ǰ
оȣ밬˹ڣ۾ĸˣȻǺӵ츳ǱΪֲɷ֮壬㾹Ȼһֱ֮У
ƺ˼š
ҲûżſΪȷľ
ðɣ㣬ԭҵҪĽѵһεģû뵽Ǳ˵ˣһᾡס˹ģ
˵


2003 
п仰ҲǷĲ٣˹Լķ䵱УҲֻܵȴſǱߵϢˡ
ǾǡˡĿ򳤹٣
˹˵Ƕô
ֻܰǣҲ뿴ǷԶ嵱һ죡
˵
þԺͿ֮ĶԿôҶ֪
˹Ц
Ц֤ûˣҷϢ°ɣưǺܿͻϵģ
˵
ֱϣī˹鱨˵ߴˣþԺĳϸոѾˣȴڵ뿪ӦǴˣ
Ҳ˿ϾҲұ֤ܰٷְٱס˹Ȼī˹鱨˹ǡ
һ˹Ҳ롮ˡǴˣ
˵
˹˵ⲻǶ֮ôģң
΢졣
ī˹Լٴ̫ʺˣתҪ뿪ȴ˵ˣû뵽ǻҪߣˣǳսӵϢ
ī˹ҡҡͷǳսڡˡΪܣ˵鱨ŵˣλȥİ٣һ֪ںδ
ֻпǳսˣ
˵
Ϊ֧ǳսӣԾǴ˵ĺĳԱԶŻ˻ܶٴΣҲа㵣ǣǳսӲǴеƣ
ī˹˵ˣҲЩ֣Ҫ֪þԺеĳʵӽǳǿߣôܽ˹ȳأ
λõһŹֻ֮ʩչΪŹҺʩչˣȴû뵽պ֮գ
˵ˣ
ᶼǸ׼ˣûŹ֮գҲûа취ģ
ī˹Ц
ȵī˹뿪˹Ҳʵ㣬ʲôǳսӣΪһ㶼˽⣿
ǡˡеĻܣҶī˹Ȼ֪ҸҲ޷
˵漶ǿ֮ϻǳǿߣǿǳǿߣʵǷˡлһ֧ΪصĶ飬ǵȫǳǿߣҲ֪ǳսˣ
ǳǿߣ
˹զࣺڵΪֻǰ˽漶۷徳磬ǳǿ߻һ󲽵ľ룡
ɷ֮壬츳޷ȽϣҪΪǳǿߣҲ£
˵
Ȼ⻹õ˵ô㣬Ȼڿȥȷǿôһ㣬ʱգұضԽ㣡
˹˵ǰұţԺҲվˣ
˹˵ϥĴϣȻѾ˱չ״̬
ҡҡͷĵСԸҪǿ
þԺеĳϳױ򳤹ٴˣ֮󣬿Ҳʽ˹ˣΪһĳԱΪ˹ɷ֮ĹϵҲܿӡ
ð˹˽ڶҪִκȫǡ
ÿˣҪ׿Ƿнǳսӵʸ񣬵Ȼʱ˺ް㶯ûɳĳԱԸԶŻˣҲ㻳ɿǷиı
ĥ͸뷨ЩҲǲһֱʱѡѵдϢϾī˹Ȼ鱨ţǺпϢôʱ
㣬Ǻܳһʱûѵˣ˵λһս´󹦣Ȼܣ治֪ζԸЩаˣ
ѵУϳ
ٺĳԱ㣬ѵһЩȽϼ򵥵ǣҲվһܲϣϣܺɶ
Ҳһܲһ˵ԶŻ˵ȷ׶Ը򳤹ƺûʲô
ǵȻǺԶŻ˽棬һʤ򳤹ٱضѼ鱨ǰȴһ̣
ǰҲйʱ򣬲ÿһǡˡİԶŻ˵һ֣֮ԣ㣬Խǰ֤򳤹׼Խ࣬һΣҪһ
Ŀⶼ˸ƺһ߾ԶŻ˵ʬڿƮ
Ҳ˶ǺǣϾ˫ͬǵĻҲȷһ㣬ȷúĳԱݷһʱ䣬Ȼо԰յ¶ԸԶŻˡ
㣬ϴγһŮ˼ǺĳԱ˵Ưһ㷿Уٺ٣ǵʲôϵأ
Ǻʵ
֪ǵ˼ԼŮˣҲֻܼʣǵĻǾҪȥ׷ˡ
ҷУǾʲôϵأ
㵭Ц
ѵˡ̸˵ĵطô˵Ļһ˵طأ
һ
Ȼ˭û뵽ɭѵг֣һԭΣǱӳ˳ڿȥȻûôˣȴȻ
ɭҲվһ̨ܲǣһ˿м㣬ΪʲôûжҲһҪϲ㣬λһս˶ʮĳԱΨͲţߺߣĽأ
ɭѵУ鷳ص㣡
λĳԱˡ
ߣҵȻ֪ǶǺĳԱңɭֻǸͨԱˣȻǸһȣǱˣĳԱڵжߣöʱ䣬ٱضٴͨԱĳԱʱҽɭҪǵлжǽҹŵģ
Ц㣬㣬һҪҳΪĳԱ֮ǰúûţ
ҷһսô
˵
ѵأҶS츳ԱҲΪұ㣬ֻ˵ˣĻǲΪĳԱģ
ɭ˵
ɭûѵã뿪ѵңʵ֪ѵвŻȥģҪ̽̽Ŀڷ硣
ͨԱʱҲɭ˵ɭ磬Ѿ鱨ŵĶһչˣ˵᳹׵ģ
ߣɵĲԭҶ뻳ͼһֱΪʵ̫ˣ츳ǿҲλ氲Ȼ뿪Ͼٶˣһ⣡
ɭ˵鱨ŵģͷ㣬ض֪һЩģ
ɭ磬ôҶܳײĵϸҪûʲô⣬ô죿
Ҫûʲô⣿
ɭɫŭôûʲôأ
ֿһģĻ츳ôôǿⲻϳôܱԼҪǿأ
ɭָƽʲô鲻ⱲӶûʲôɵˣ


2004 ɱƻ
ˡе鱨žܲ¥
ī˹Ȼ˵ˣʵλǷѾõ鱨Ρ
ܴԶе鱨ԱҲżǿ鱨ģĲʵǲͰ˹ɭλɱµӣһļţǺ֮֮ͬͬ˺֮࣬鱨ŵԱȻٸס
ǽ죬ī˹ȴǾ˹Щ֣һֱڷϣüͷ΢壬ȥƺ˲Ծĵط
һΪͻȻ֮ôȤˣȻôϸ
ī˹úܲԾ
鱨еĳԱûеĳԱ飬ΪĳԱһЩΥ棬˵ɵˣ㣬һֱܵ򳤹ٵӣٸܻ鱨ŵġ
˹ʲô˼ѵԼʲôҪٸײô
ī˹綼ڹע˹Ķ򣬵ȵ鱨ŵ˶뿪ˣ˹Ȼڲѯϡ

ī˹˵˹һۣҲǵͷôˣûа䲼ɱ񣬵鱨ȴеæˣû׼ȷ鱨һɱҲûһ
˹ƺʲôī˹Ҳǲļ˵һֱ鱨ѧϰĳǸˣԳ˶뿪ˣҲҪһѼ鱨

˹ЩȻû뵽ī˹Ȼ˵ⷬҲǣī˹ϾƸˣԼѧϰ۹ⲻԼѰϣǱǰ֪ǻӰ졣
ΪѵǾδڡˡеλǷô
ī˹ʵ
λǷ
˹ҡͷЦǲ֮Ҫ֣֮
ţ
ī˹һȷ˵㣿ֿܲҲǱˣ

˹˵ԭҵ鲻֪鱨ŵˣҶҼ侴أҲ޷ڻԶŻ˵ڼ飡
ʲô
ī˹˵ȷĻʵݣ
Щϣ
˹˵ʾǳˣСλǳ峤˵Ǹҵĵ飬һԣ
ԣ
λϣЭ֮ʧʧʱ䣬½ʱ򣡡
˹˵һ㵹˵ԶŻˣﻹһϣǶľİ˹նɱµӣʾ˹һ֣־ͽ㣬ɭλϵԶŻˣ
ǰЩλϷԶŻټһǲҰܶ飬֮󣬱еı伣ֱڶûг֣
˹˵룬һߣ׶Լ뿪ôһʲô飡
ڶʱñǴһƶĳзչΪȻ֤˶Ź˵ʵ
ԣΪǶԶŻˣ
ī˹˵
Ϊǿ϶
˹зâ
ī˹˹ܲ鱨ԱôͽݴҪٲȥĻԼλϺ㴮ͨ鶼һʱԼȻҪһΡ
˹ī˹ļ򣺡ϵܣŽģҲûʲôϾ˳֤ݣٲϼ죬žò֪ͨٽץˣ
УҪϼ죬ʱԼ㻹ˣ
ī˹üͷһ壬鱨Ŷ˹֣鱨ŵеļϵͳʵ̫ɱ˹ҲԻᱻ˷֡
ôˣī˹ƺأ
˹ҡҡͷʵûʲôҳͽҲ鱨ԱӦþͨ飡
ī˹֪ͬСɣҲǲϵķ䣬Ƿ䵱ֻа˹ţСӣؼʱ򵽵ȥˣʮ𼱵飡
ī˹ǲûڷ䵱еãǴѵгص俴ī˹һӣҲǲôˣɫǱױ˾ܾһɬ
ҵ죬㣬ʱ㻹鿪Ц
ī˹˵
ʲôʱˣ
㶼ī˹˵ʲôī˹ŷӦԼ̫ļˣȻûн˵鱨ŷȫ㡣
һҲüͷ𣺡˹гôң˾֣
ҲΪʲôʵǣѾ㹻֤ݣ
ī˹˵
ʲôʱȥ鱨淢ң
Ҫϼ죬֤ȫ
ҪĻҺͰ˹޷ڡˡУ
ǣң
ī˹ҡҡͷ˹鱨żΪרҵ鱨ԱҪǲȥĻԻ鵽Һ˵˵ˣھ˹ˣ
˹ʱҲǴʯ˵ոһֱû뵽˵ôأʲô״
ī˹˵ԶŻ˵ڼ֤ݣҪǣ
˹𺳣㣬ӳ˰ɣȥλҲûϵ
УҪȥλ棬ǽž޴ѹҴеǳսӵʵһûиҲʱ뿪
˵
Ҳհ
˹˵
ī˹˹
䡣
Ҫܲнɱѣ
ī˹ҡҡͷ
Ϊܲеļϵͳô
㣬ʵҪɱ˹練ƣܲеǼϵͳɱض˲
ī˹˵㣬ҪܲûԵɵɱˣһ̣ܿ򳤹Σ
ܲУѵûһûмϵͳô
ʵ
Уоûмϵͳ
ī˹˵Ҳ򳤹ټÿ綼ȥһˣҪ֣ûܵģ
ô֪ûأ
˵
ʲôҪڻ֣
ϣ취˹УһڵҵһУ
⡭㣬ȷҪ
ī˹һ۰˹
ҲҡͷУգī˹㲻ܴӦ
˹ĻҲѡģҪģʧˣҲĵĲô
˵
˹۾˸ƺھţī˹Ҳ˵ģң㣬ǵ˶ˣ
أ˹
ī˹˵ˣһ˵ʲôأôҿǲµģ
˹˵


2005 ˹֮
ڶ磬ȥ˿򣬵ǲɿڻҵУҪ֪ÿ춼һˣļʼߡ
һûϻһ˰ɣ
üҪĻҪԸ˹Ͷ
ڻҵУһʱ֮Ҳ벻õİ취аѾī˹취˹ǽûｫɱضᷴҧһڡ
֪ǽֵĻҲֻһ
ڻһֱȴţʱȻȥҵĴű򿪣㱾Ϊ˹ǿģû뵽ȴ˽ҲЩ⣺򳤹أ㣬
ûҲǸ̳٣ԲٴεȺ򣡡
˵
Ȼȿ򳤹٣òˣһĵ鷳Ҹ򳤹٣
˵
ô֧ߣû뵽⿭ͦġ
㿴˿ǷĵǿһʲôҪ鱨Ҳÿˡ
еĴٴα򿪣νһеȣĿˣī˹֪ǰ˾˹һ־Ŀ⿴Լ
ī˹Ǹң򳤹ôôֻ
˹Щ֣ûоī˹ƭԼԼ۹⣬Ҳôī˹Ļ
ǰ˻ã˹ǿһģֻϧ㣬⼸˹Ķ
λ鱨ŵ˹
˵
ɣǡˡĳԱͷǸ
˹˵ȴڰҼ˿򳤹٣֮ҿ㻹ôͷ
ͷôҵǾ˱ҸҪͷأ
۾ҪѰһЩҲ֤ݴӶҷңҴΣĻǸһ鱨ŵλã
ţ
˹üͷһ壺ô֪㵽׻֪Щʲô
ӦǾңҲֻǲ²ˣû뵽֫ԸҵĲ²ȷģ
²⣿ǰҵɵأī˹ѺһϵˣԶŻˣ
˹Ŀ⡣
ܲΨһûмϵͳĵطｫɱԺܻòҴ
ߣԶŻˣò˵̴̫ˣȻī˹ҲϹۣȻī˹㲻Ҫ˵̫磬㽫ɱеҲǻᱻ򳤹֪ģ
ʲô˼
Һ鱨ԱͬҵĽÿҪ鱨ûн¶ȥ;ԲܵģһὫЩ鱨һϻӵУ
˹˵㣬ɱңǸϻȻڣһᱻ򳤹У
ϻӣ
˵ҾͲŽɱǺϻһҲ
ΪôҪĶһһطô㣬̫ˣһȫܶ򳤹֪ɣ
˹Ц
ΪҲɱô
ȵ
㲻ңǻң򳤹ʱпܽװܵĺϻֻ֪ɱңĸ죡
˹в
˵꣬Ƕסһ㣬Ҳ˵Ѿһ˹ֽƬһڻȼ
Ҫ־͹вˣ
˹ȻڻУȴǱյһۼҲûУǿҲǿаġ
ʱŴ򿪣򳤹ٴ˽аһգǹ˵٣
㣬ΪڻУҪô
ҵȷЩҪ̳٣
ûпκβѰĵط˵λһսѾһʱˣʱڣһֱڱչҲûнӵκ񣬲ңѵеĳԱҲͬˣ볤ǷⰲţڵȴʱϾ׳ٵĴǱضҪȥģ
ԭ飡
˵ԶŻ˽쳣ǰεĽ棬ǶռƣԽһս¹ҪսܣҸ޷˵Ա˵ҵȷڵȴһʱڿǸʱѾԶˣ
ţ
⣺ѵǳٷǵټô
鱨Ÿɵ飬ÿζǵټջǰܸǣΪʲôأ
򳤹˵վʵΣұ֤ЩԶŻ˳𾪵ģ
ӢȻһǲ̫˼ǳ˵ôһѾ˳׼
˵˵ǿӳҽļǳû飬иˣ
㣬ץʱɣʱлᱨˣ
˵
뿪ңҲһֱſոյĻȻѾǳսˣ֧սԸԶŻˣȻӴ˽ٵġ
£Ҫҵ˹ĺϻӣΪԵ׵ĳ֤ݡ
ī˹غϵĵطոڻз鶼ī˹㽫˹ɱҲЩ𺳣˵˹ǸϺ꣬Ȼк֣Ѿˣ˹иͨԱеޣǽɭõѣһǵ˹㣡
ɭ
ҡҡͷǲ㽫һˣܲеû̫ĵˣɭ֮һдģС֮ǰѵƹңӦ̽ҵĵף

ܲһ¥ǡˡͨԱ
Щӳ鱨֮⣬ͨԱҲѵõʱڣѾ˵˺ĳԱļ٣ó˴ͨԱѡԱĳԱ˼ȻʽĻû´
ͨԱǳΪСӳΪСӳԲþȥִˣʵǸĳԱһɡ
¿ܻһֱӳΪĳԱЩͨԱȻûбֳʵһﶼžΪĳԱ
ɭ͵վڲٳ֮ϣɭ˵ޣô˵ģûгô
ҺͶܲΨһˣҪн˻һʱ֪ͨҵģɭ磬㲻ļģ
ҲļҲһֱܲоûʲôҪץİѱ˵ǾܷΪĳԱˣ
ɭ˵׷Ŀ꣡
Ҷ³Ƚûʮǲҵģɭ磬ͷİɣ
Ц
Զأ
һӰԣɭˣһʱ˵㣬Ȼ㣬ѵǾͨԱĲٳܿô
ɭ磬һո˵ʲôأ˵ҶԶˣʲô˼
޷Ӧ


2006 ϻ
ɭҲ˵㣬ոǻʲô˼
˲˵˹Ѿɱˣ
㵭˵
ʲô㽫Ҷɱˣⲻܵģû뿪ܲû֣
Һϲİ˿Цô
Ц
ǿǵ޶Щη壬˵㣬ҶȻҵķ֤ݣĻɱڣ
ɭҲŭ㣬㽫˹ɱǣڸ淢㣬㽫һͿأ
㲻ûаյ飬ȻǣͱȻаȫˣ
˵
ȫˣܲɱˣѾ㹻ˣ㻹ôȫأ
ɭ˵ޣ뿪СԸ㽫˹߿򳤹٣
˲ζҪΪĳԱô
ƽ
ߣֻҪͽҷȥǾ´󹦣ʱȻܳΪĳԱ
ɭȵ
룬棬һҲκδ㣡
˵㽫ҽҷ˾ܳΪĳԱ
кβɣ
ɭ˵ҵ˵ڼ飬ܽɱٵץߺߣѵ⻹һ
ǳ٣᲻Сôܽ˸淢ܰѳٳɭΪĳԱֻң
˵
ɭ˸һ˿˵Ϲʲôôỳҵģ
Ѿˣô
˵ػɣ˵ĿĶҪΪĳԱôȼ۵ĽǿΣ
ȼ۵Ľ
˵ֻҿǳΪĳԱôΪҪ˹ĺϻӣ
㿴˵һۡ
ӵĿ־壬˵һֱŽɭ˵ʲô취ǳΪĳԱô֪ʲôϻӽ㣬ͻسŵأҪ֪ǵʵǲģҪ㵽ʱ򷴻ڣɱǲǿƺȥô
ڵһ㣬м֪֮ȻǶ֣ʣ˵Ļ᲻ô
ҡͷЦסһˡ
޺ͽɭһۣ˵ɭ磬Ǻϻ֪ҪҪ
СӺͿ򳤹ٺ죬ҿӳĹϵҲĻȷ˳ΪĳԱļʺܴ󣡡
ɭ˵ɣ
˹Ȼǵ޵Ķ壬ǵ޸ԼǳΪĳԱҪ´λᣬȻԺҪΪĳԱͷǳˡ
Ҳǽ˹ס˵ҶԽ鱨һоͱҪԸܶ鱨ܶںϻӵУһҪǳʲôĻЩ鱨ó֪ʲô飡
Ȼ˹׷ݣϻӱõ֪³
õ˹Եĺϻӣû򿪣ɭ͵ޣϻѾֻ֣ҪγҪκĳԱ˱ضУ˵㻰
ɭȻɣҲֻˡ
صס˹Щ֮ɫ˵ôˣ˹أ
ˣɣǰ鱨ĺϻӣ⵱о׷ݵϣ
㽫ϻӴ򿪣⵱ŲٻܣҲǺܿҵйԼϡ
˹һɣҲǰϻӵеҲ˵˹ҪϱõĻҪ·ˣ

ͷԼȫٵϻ⣬ŲϣҲµóˡ
ԽԽǾ˹Ѽ鱨֮ǿźܶλϵһЩԶŻ˵ټҪǸȻżôٿ԰ʾλ棬ȥѰԶŻˡ
û뵽ϻӵôԶŻ˵ϣãļֱһ£ܹŵٶȼӿˣ
˵
˹ͷ˹ҲǸ˲ţ㣬ܲʧˣ֪ôأ
鱨ŵĳԱʧҲûκιϵЩûнӵκĻǻǱչɣ


˹ڡˡܲ˼Ѿ˽֪ˣ鱨֪򳤹ٻ㱨飬Ȼһֽ׶ΪҪ鱨ԱʧܲУɲһ׵顣
˹ʧѱ䡮ˡǿȴΪûô򵥣ҲҲκٹȥһ֮ͽˡ
һʱͰ˹Ȼ˹ҪϾһ㣬ԼûŬЩʱ䵱УҲǽ١
û뵽һܵʱѣѾͻ˰˽漶ǿߵٲȻѾǾŽ漶ǿˣ
˵
˹ЦǾŽ漶ǿΣһأԺٶӦУĻԸϳأ
˹뵽ǰɭλʱǸλǿߣû뵽ѾӵǿʵԶŻ˵츳ǿء
˹˵ʵȻڡˡУҪվԶŻˣĿǱľԶĴ֮һҵԺĻҿվڶϣ
˵
˹صı飬Ҳ˵ǵĿ겻ǶԸˡôڶľ壬һҸײԵģĿǱѵҾͲôҪȵĻѾþԺеЩһɱأ
ڵЩ񡭡
˶٣ûм˵ˡ
Ͼһİ˹Ѿʧˣڵİ˹İ˹
ʲô
˹ʵ
ûʲôһЩˣ
ҡҡͷûм˵ȥ
Ŵ죬˹ҲǽŴ򿪣ī˹˽ϴЩЦ⣺룬Ļʱ򡣡
Ҫī˹ĻոյĻѾɱˣ
˹ŭ
ī˹һҲǲٿ˹Ц˵ǰһεĻ飬򳤹֪ͨкĳԱ
ţѵʲôҪô
˵
ӦǰɣĻ򳤹ǲ֪ͨģϾ˶ڱչ
ī˹ͷ˵
˹˵ΪвõԤأΪҵһҪμӻеĪĵǣ
ī˹˵ӦûʲôģȻ˹ֵ÷꣬ڷͷҲѾȥˣ㲻̫ĵģ
Ҳ˵۳ʲô飬ҵţ㲻̫ģ


2007 
ܲҡ
һεġˡ顣
һΣеĺĳԱҪμӡ
ҲǶ򳤹ٱضҪǶ۾񣬵ȴſ򳤹ٵĵ
Ͱ˹һҲ˲Ľ
ͼλһңǶɫ£رǿɢһǰδйϸС
ϯѾˣ
˵
еλþǰպĳԱģˣһ۱ܿ
ǰЩ鱨ŵ˹ܲĪʧ٣ҶܵĽǷмĳԱʧ˻飡
ϡ
٣˹ʧѾ桮ˡض⵽׷ɱ
һĳԱ˵
᣿ʵʼûһô
ҡҡͷ龹ȻǡˡУǺ֯
ûһĳԱǶоߡ
ϾǹȥˣȻҲǵôһ£Ҳϣ´λӳ֣ΪٷĻĻģ
ȵء
ӽ쿪ʼԺİ»飬ִɱĺĳԱ˱Ҫμӣ
һۣҲǵͷӿпֻ֣ǿҪһܲļɣһͬʡ
λһսǵõ㹻ǣսŰȻ˵ʵԣΪǵʵõһҪɳǽһλ棬ǻһ
˵Ȼпǣųˣǿߣ
󲿷ֺĳԱɫһ䣬η壬˭û뵽ȻľȻǶ֪ҪȥǸλ֣ǵܳɹһһ
˹ҲЩǣ֮ǰĵǶԵģһ㣬ȻݲǲηһС
㶼£ʲôأҪ֪ǰұأ
˹а
˵һҪһֵͨԱκĳԱĶ鵱УüСӳѡͨԱȻύһ
֮㵥˿һˣҲǺ飺㣬ҿжʱûܲпˣֶˣ
ӳҵĻʱҷ䣡
˵㣬һ󣡡
ң
˵㣬˵̫ˣҪ֪֮ǰңҶûҵᱨ㣡
Ҿֱ˵ˣγκĳԱ֣Ҫύȥ
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˵ɭ㣬ȷû˵СǰԹġ
ûˣΪʲôһʱҲͲ壡
˵
Ȼ㵽ΪҪԼæǵͷðɣʵǰǸطضҲǾһʱΪĳԱһʲô£
лӳ
㣬ʵ㿭أ
˵
֮󣬿򹫲½ĺĳԱɭ͵޺ȻУ˺ܿǸ˲Ϊ֪ĳԱ񵽵ʲô
ѵҵ㣬ɭ˵㣬ǰʲô飬ΪĳԱȴҪȥⲻǽô
Ұˣ
˵ҪΪĳԱô
ǣǵʱҲǽҪȥһط
û취˿ӳ˲֪󾢲ŽǵŪȥģҪ֪֮ǰа׵ģ
˵ǵӣƺǺܿİôҪȥǸطкĳԱһǰȥÿٵһģкκ£
˵ĵɣǼ롮ˡǴѵѾܹˣһǶӳ˵һҪ㺦
ɭҡҡͷ
Ҳûв˼ϾϻӶѾУǸûκΰѱв㡣
ȴ˵ֻѵһ棬ûǸطӱȴǵĽʲôߺߣԼúɣǲ룬˵㻰ӦǵѾ쵽ˣҪɳ棬ȫԼ飡
Уѵзɵʱ䣡
˵Ǽ̤˹ܲϣȻѵѵΪİѾˣٿһ㣬Ͼ߻ħġ
ɭ磬Ҿ˵ЩҪǴӱԺܲ˾
ԣǸᣬû뵽Сӱĸͨ͸ҪǹطųһҪúСӴõϵУ
ɭ뵽ͨѵʱѾ˲ٵĳԱˣҲҪԼ

ܲһС
ͼλٶС
ǰǽϹž޴ޱȵҺʾĻһΪĮĻ档
һ˵ǿвÿƼλ磬ʵаٷ֮٣ҵܹٿλϵһУǵȫУҲܹǸӵĿЩĳԱʵ
λϲܹǵģʽܹ뿪λ֮󣬼ʵȼ
ǣλϾǻûôһȥ֪λϵͳ᲻ȶ
һҲǻɵ
Ҳ̫Щһﵣˣ
˵Ҫ֪ҪѡĳԱоӢеľӢҪ֪֮ǰļȫԶŻ˻ܣ˵һĪĳ裬ΪˣҲʶֻоӢеľӢܸԶŻ˽
ҹ۲ĳԱУҷĵľ㣬츳ԼڷܲжǼΪɫģһɷ֮尬˹ĳֱ֣Ǹ漣
˵ҲҪһλ棬ҶϲмӣҲаƫ̻ҪųĻֻԼ
򣬿ǳսҲúˣô
ӦһֱڿĳԱɣ
Щ⣬Ѫǰ˹ȴԶˣĴ֮һľĶŮֻҪܹͨο飬Ϊǳսӵĺ󱸶Աⲻ󣡡
ͷ˵
ԭˣǳսһֱѵĿľΪ˵ԶŻ˸գܹսԶŻˣ
һ˵ԶŻ˸ԽԽңȻǳսҲʱӦóִˣ
ǳսǡˡΪܵһ֧飬ǺĳԱҲûмģһΣѾȫ̵ļƻֻҪȵ鱨ṩ鱨㹻ܽ󲿷ֵԶŻȫ𣡡
ģǳս޵еĴڡ


2008 Ա
տǴܲѵе
һ죬ҲܲеĺĳԱеӣ˶Ϊû֪ǸһλϾᷢʲôԼǴ˴ȥﵽܷܲܲ
Ͱ˹УǵıǵںĽɭվϣ˵һʮλĳԱ治֪λжˣ㣬ҵĶԲԣ
㿴һ۽ɭɲҵЭݣܷȫֻܿԼˣ
磬ǰҴˣλϣҪ㲻ңҸûаᰡ
ɭ˵ɲĿأ
İɣʱĻһһŵģ
˵
ɭ˵ʲô˹ȴ˵ķɲ˵䣬ĻʱĲ㣡
ãҲϻˣԺҾ͸ŷ죬һΥĻ
ɭ˵ȻԶŻˣҲֻԼˣĻסȻҲžǸ㣬ǰ;Ҳǳ
ŽɭѾԼжξ룬˹˵㣬Ĵ
ѬģһҺϲҲǲԺڡˡܲܰﵽң
˵Ҫ֪ˡһӴֻ֯㣬ңī˹ԶԶ޷ݻٵģ
ǻбô
ǻֻǸո𲽰ˣھǵĿеǳսӣ֪ǵĲ֮룡
˵ˣЩʱҲûãȽǰðɣ
˹ͷ
ϡǺгǾͽ̤µ̣ǽǰδеգαסǵǵĵ֮û֪δǸطųһжҪԼŬ
һٵ
ǣ٣һṼĺ
ܹųٺ˵仰ɣ
ơ
кĳԱϾϣδ֪ȥ
ܲ棬鱨Աߣ˵ҲǸոյٵ鱨ԭȥĵطռ䣡
Ǹռ䣬ȫǿƼԱסģٵ˼ƺҪǳѣ
Ǻõˣռ䲢ȶ治֪мܻŵģ
һлŵģ
ī˹зŹ⡣
ɻĿī˹Цǵû˻ţǻôԸԶŻˣֻҪͨοѡǿĺĳԱˣ
ҲӦԼıְУ˹ѾѱˣҪѰԶŻ˵鱨
ɻɣ
ī˹Χļ鱨ԱһһҲ΢΢ü

㶼ʲôʱͣģоûзжãͣͣҲζĿĵѾ
ܸܵǰһƬİλ棬˶Ӿǰ˲ȻʣɽˮľܿһȫȻһ磬˶һ
翴ˣǰǳأӦùȥ
˵
Ҳǿһۣǵȷһǳأǳǽȴǳһٻɫ޷ǽĽʳɷ֡
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סҪǰߵİ˹ʵôˣʲôԾô
һȷȿɣ
˵
ǽǽһλ˻Ǯأ
ǮʲôأǶҪǮģǽŴ򿪣ɣ
вѾִǽ£ʶ޷Ӧǽе硣
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ųǽġˡԽԽǿҲüǵ㹻һȻ䡯һը졣
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ȻʺѪˮ
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˹˵㿴ǽ죬ǵ˳е簡
Ҫǿͺˣøոյı粻Ҫݣ
Ц
㻹ͬôҪ֪Ǵ˵ĳԱ㡭
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޾һǾȫǽ
ǽȻˡĹ
ԽԽңкĳԱһֲǶ޾Ҫʲô
ͣ
ֹͣǽ
뿪ǽҪըˣ
޸ϽӴܳȥһɲǼ䣬ǽǿ׳ҡ
䣡
Ǽһ﾿ڸʲôѵҪǽıըôⱬըҲ֪δ򿪳Ű
˶ɻѡ
޷ԣǾ֮ɫɭʵ磬õǲʲô
Ų޼᲻ݣҪ򿪣ҪóǽԱ
˵
Ա
ǰյ޸ոյһЩȥظһ飬Ͳˣ
ǸոЩһȫˣ
ɭµ
ֻҪڳǽԱ֮ǰǰ뿪һ鶼ûУոҲˣ
˵
ɭͷðɣȥҼĳԱȻɷƿʱ䣡

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㣬һʮĳԱ֪ǵܷǽԱǿӶźأ
ӦÿԣСǵֻҪڱըǰ뿪ǽըûɱǣеţű飡
˵


2009 Ϸ
ʮĳԱڳǽվһţʿһ㣬ȵɭ˵ʼ֮ʱǶǸʩչǿǽ
ǽˡ
ɭٴκֹͣʱʮĳԱͷҲصֱӷ˳ȥ
ǽٴ쳹ըһΣûٿѪˮɽǳŵѡ
ӳһȵİɫâ
ŴˣߣȥǸʲô磡
˼˵
ʮĳԱ붼ûֱӳǳȥǵǵŵʱЩ׹һȫؿȥ
̡
ȻǷӦٿ죬Щɫʵ̫ˣֱӴ͸ǵࡣ
֮Դѣ漶ǿ߶ûȻʩչ֮Ҫ̫ʩչ֮ҪһʱܸԭЩ˺ʵڲ̫ϸûҪΪǸۡ
̫ļˣһžȥһйҪȥ֪ٺĳԱ㣬Ҳ֪ļĴʱ
˵
˹ҲǵͷطҲ̫ˣҪֵطҾ̫ˣ
ҪﲽΪӪвأ
˵

ˡܲ
ҵУȳٶڹעҺʾĻ棬潹׼㣬Ȼ˵ʲôͨı飬ЦȻ˵ǽɭ˽ǳƻģȥ취侲費λûСӵһ棬ȴĿˣ
ΪǴţǱضҪȥʮĳԱû뵽ʧԶԶСǵĲ²⣡
ȺһӼĻëǷǳأϣѪĽѵǳʶ
һ˵
ԶŻ˽ʵԶԶģûһõ̬Ҫǻ壬ǽλΪѡΪһĳԱս̭ǱԶŻɱλϣ
˵
ǰս̭
ٶظ仰

ɫ߻ɱĳԱҲʶһ㣬ǽսɽˮģÿһطɱǵʱп˱ɱԣκʱ򣬶ܷɾ֮ġ
Ϣ°ɣ̫ģ
ð˹Ϊó˹һ˿ŵģϾΣķ
ɭҲǸǲҴ㣬Ҳ²ĻַӶп
˹˵ڴ󲿷ֵĺĳԱѾˣҪһ߳㯣
˹һֱ㣬ҡҡͷһᵱǸô
㣬һ벻˭
ɭǽţע۾ϣ۰ɫжôȣҪֱΪֹ
˵
ɭҲǲаԥŵ޵˱뿪ԭء
ǣոǳžǱըģǻûа飬һΣҪЩɫô
ǺĳԱеʿȣҲ֪Լжôų

۾۷ʲô飬Ҫ
ɭȵ
ǣ
û˸۾ɫϣżǿԼλǻǵȴǲвǵࡣ
ֱϵİ׹ʧɭҲǵһʱһڶԺ۾ˣ
۾
ɭ˵
ʮ˼ͬʱ۾¶ЦݣѾˣȻ̣ǿճǣ
վԭأɭȥ˽еİ취
㴫
˹˵û뵽Щ߾ȻҪ͸۾ܽȫһ۾ЩɫʵǺˣ㣬㻹ⶼܿ
ңرϷոտʼĽ׶Σ
˵
˸Ŵ󲿶һţ˶Žɭָʾ۾ߣЩҲǶǺް㹥
ûʲôرģǳеˣȴ쳣֣ûж䣬ûͷӶֻüªĲסؼλûκ죬Щֻ·ϣͲܹ
Щһﵽʲôѵ˵ôȻûпҺǴк
ǻǹŹ֣ȫûа֪һ㣬äĿţʬô

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㵹һЦʶһ˵ȷҪǿ̫࣬Ϊз׭ԵʣҲʹİλܹĳԱֲ˵ϸڡ
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˹һֱŴ⣬Ҳֿһۣɱ˵ʬ徹Ȼ˲١ͬ顯
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е졣


2010 Χ¥
㲻ǶЩ˵Ŀĸе󣬶ΧĹ˾ȻԽԽ࣬Щгɫâһ߾ɥʬһ㳯ž¥ȥ
Щһ￴ѾˣҲԼԭ򣬲ãҪȥ
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ҧˣ
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ȵǼԶɭ˵磬ʲôЩ˲ûôôҧǵĺĳԱ
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Ҫ֪¥ϰˣҪǰ˵ǵʵ漶ǿ߾磬ôȻҪԸЩˣʧء
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ٺĳԱڶ¥¥ݿڣǿһ¥ĹˣɫǼΪѿҪ֪ɭոѾǣЩ˵ʵ漶硣
˹ļ򣺡Щ˾Ҫʲôƺ¥
ǵ֮ǰ˵ô˵Щ˲κӦĶ
˵
ģǿгֵӰô
˹ʵ
ţӦǱԶ̲ٿţ
˵ǵĿӦֻϮǣ⣡
Ϊʲôֱӳأ
Ҫǵļһ﾿Ҫʲôʱǳˣ
˵ȻطɣʱӦòʲôģ

˹ͷ
Ͱ˹ص䣬ɭҲ淢š硯ã˵ֻŻǣû¥˼ǻǸԻȥɣҪ̫ģ
䵱УĿ񣬰˹ȻЩǣжϣҲǾ
һϺܿȥڶϣķȴǱ졣
ˣ
˫۵㣬һʱǽʶţӦһ¥¥ݿڴļ߸ʬȻǡˡĺĳԱ
˹ҲѹŴ򿪣ɭɫҴҵ˵ĳԱֻǺվ¥ϣЩȴǷһĽȥҧ
Ҫ֪Ƕ漶ǿߣⶼǵħצ
๼
˵˵Щ˲ǣƫƫа򲻳Щ˳˭أ
˼ǿ򳤹ڿЩˣ
ɭ˵
ȻֲٿأضɴеһЩƼԱƿصģ
˵ҪѡĺĳԱҪǸϾɱ
ã֪ôˣЩ׳գ˵Ϊ˵ǲɾģҪ࣡
ɭ˵
뿪䣬ҲǷֶ¥Ѿۼ˼ȫĺĳԱǶ¥ݿȥĳԱ
ɭѾǳ˹ȥҸǣЩ˸ͲһǾȡǲаҪվ¥ݿڣĻģ
ʲô˼ֻҪվ¥ݿڣǾͻɱô
ǲŵĻȥԣǶԼ£
ɭ˵
ЩҪſ뿪
Ƕɭ
ɭ˵ڻܸǣȵʱ죬Ȼ֪ģ
Ÿ뿪˴
еĳԱҲûа취Ȼλ϶Ƕǿߣǿ򳤹ǽλ棬ѺǴк֣Щÿһ߱漶ǿߵʵҲ˵ǾǵվҲڳ˭˶ڣڲӣЩĳԱ޷ֵ
Ҫ뿪¥ɣ
뿪Ҫ뿪ȷܼ򵥣˭֪᲻Щأ
ΣֻҪûϵƣҪԸǣҲǺѵģ
½ɭɣǼһĺܣҪĻŶ
ĳԱ˵ЩûʲôвŻɵһվ¥ݿڵģǼһֻǹذˣģ

㷿䵱У˹˵Ҳ뿪ﲢǽĸô
ӱûõģЩ˼ȻôҶڻǽλ棬ҲǷģ
λ棿
˹۾Ƽܷﵽֵزɣ
ûʲôܵģڵĵǰǱͣڶѾ̽ˣ
˵λĻһһƿ֮УǻҪЩӱεĺĳԱô
ӱΣӦûᱻǶɱɣ
˹˵
ɭĻˣҪȥҲûаϵ
˵ͺĳԱһȡ
ڷоޱǣ
˹ͷ

ܲС
λٺͿƼԱΧҺʾƼԱܹͨť׵Ľ˵ģʽı䣬Щ˵ĳ֣Ǿġ
ĿǰΪֹλ滹ûгְĲΪλոûһЩȶԣˣ
λƼԱ˵
¥ЩĳԱϵ֮ɫĺܾǵôǡˡģѵǡˡôüô
˵
ļǿĺĳԱһ£Ӧó׻ˣ
һ˵ҲطգҪ֪Сӻ򶨵ĺܣ
ҵȻҲϣλ浱Уֻһͨ鰡
ҡҡͷһֺɸֵ̬ǰǳûа취ǵΪڵǺԶŻ˵ȷżĲ࣡
٣ǵҪˣ
棬ʾкԱӶ¥һԾ£ƺԼɹЩմմϲ
֮󣬺滹Ų˸һѣǿ¶Ҫ뿪¥ˡ
һȺ֪취ԣֻһζЩһҪȫʧǰʧ
ȵ
ǣ
һƼԱһɫťϴĹ˳ЩѾѵļһȥ


2011 뿪¥
ľ¥С
جɿ죬кĳԱѾ֪ߵЩһѾҧˣȻ漶ǿߵʵڹ˵ǰȻǰ
磬ҪְִĻǷǵɣ
ɭ˵
Ǳ˹֪ٺĳԱ߱ɱϢģҲ൱λϵΪȫǼأϹصˣֻ·һЩҧֻһʽˣ
˼ǣֻҪÿ򳤹ٲ⣬ͻЩ޹أ
ɭ˵
ҡҡͷϧЩһ̫ᶨˣȻһֱܲѵֻǿǣȴǲ£ǵ๼
磬Ӧô죬Щһֱһ¥ֻҪվ¥ݿڴǱƴǱ趨˵ĵԳһ㣬ҲԲܣĻҪ
ɭյ
ո˵Ĳǵȷ趨˵ĵԳҪ취ƽ򣡡
˵˹Ҫֽһ¥еĹȫɱˣ
ھͳô
¥ݿѾվźĳԱˣǳֽЩȫýɭǵľ䣡
û
˹ͷ

ɭԭأ֪˵Щʲô
Ͱ˹ʱѾȻ¥Щ˷Ұһ㳯˳
㣬˭ɱĹ˶һɣ
ҪҴôһǲֻһ˰ɣ
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ÿһΣ
Ц
ֻҪӮ
˹ĵгһ㳯Щ˳ȥ
㶯ΣӮˣ
˵
˹ûа⣬û㣬ȻΪ㣬ҪԸǰЩҲ㹻ϾҲǾŽ漶ǿߡ
Щڶ࣬˹ȻҲмܲסôһΧ
ǱߣŲæĶԸһЩɢɢĹˣóѹС
ƾʲôǱߵĹ˱ߵٵĶ࣬ӵ
˹Щ죬Щ˵Χ֮£ЩӦˡ
㿴˹ѾЩ˱ƵĻΪɫҲһЦЩǵԳ趨ģȻֽʵǸ˹ⳡľ֣һʼעҪˣ
ߣûأ˵̫磡

ܲ
ЩƼԱȫʾ¶ȱ飬Ƕ˵٣ǿ쿴ĳԱȻһ¥ɱ䣬ƳĹʿȻǵĶ֣
ʲô
ȼҲǴеĻ˳ǿʾ¶˼ı顣
һ˵Ͱ˹һǳʦһǺеɷ֮壬˵ʵǾ䣬֮£Ȼ͹ʿԡѪս˾ȣ
Ƕʿ趨УǺĳԱֵ쳣͵ĻήǵսģȻ˺η壬Ѿùʿսۿˣ
ƼԱ˵
ͺðƳʿҪǵ¸ֵ֪ЩļһʿԶŻһ־ĺܣ״̬˲Ӧã
ӣͰ˹ܿܽһ¥ĹʿˣһأҲ˰Աɹˣ
˵
һֱûʧˣǱֲ㣡
ֲˣǳλ棬ֱǶҵѵһֱЩһȥִôֲǻܵôң
ҲҪ̫ˣǳսӱϾûгĻԶŻˣض𣡡

ͷ
ľ¥
һ¥Ĺȫʵ˹ҲԼˣĵԼǰҲŭӮһôõôô㣬Ҫ֪ϴǶˣ
ֻ֪һӮˣ㹻ˣ
ЦסĳŵصĻϣ㣡

˽һ¥Ĺȫɱص֮󣬽ɭҲǳ䵱ĽɫȻĸЩĳԱǱġ
Ȼǵв˶ԽɭĻлɣ޿κΣɭϾЩأҲ˽ɭĻ
ȻȻЩˣͽɭһ䣬Ҳʵɭ磬û˵׸ô뿪طҸоЩˣȻǱ
ôʲô֮ǸͰ˹Ͳ벻
ɭ˵ңһֱЩĳԱľ㲻֪ж˷ܣҪ֪ǰͨԱʱһֱĽźĳԱѹͷϵĸоǰˣ
ɭ㵱ӢһͶ㣬ĻҪһֱȥҪҶ󳾣
޺˵
ģ㣬ҸоаȫУرǴط
ɭ˵ʵϣҵֻѵЩˣǶһЩ鰡
㷿䵱УͰ˹ȻУ˵ʵԼ뿪λ棬ȻҪǣͱضϾɱ
ЩˣֻλһСؿˣӦиײе鷢
ĺܡ
˾һ˹Ҳ˵Ѿȫۼڶ¥ĴˣҪ뿪ľ¥
Ҫ뿪һǳᣬ뿪³
ҡҡͷˡܲѵǿߵķʽһֱ⣬ڳ״ҲȫǵΣ
˲㲻ǸӦΪԶŻ˵ǿеô
˹Ц
Ȳ˵ˣ˻ǳȥɣⱻ˵ǲȺ
Ͱ˹뿪䣬ЩĳԱڶڽɭϣΪ䣬ûйעͰ˹
ɭ磬ǵܲ뿪¥㵹Ǳ̬ҪЩ˻ǣɾͲˣ
Ƕɫᡣ
ɭ˹֣Ҳǿһ㣬ߵûʲôʾɭ״Ҳ˵ŽȫɱھҪ뿪İ취Ϊң
ɭ磬ֻܰǣǲ㣬˭أ
Ƕһɭ
ǣ뿪Ҫ̫ԶĻĪ⣡
ɭߴҲĴ˵ȿȣðɣ֪ΧѾûйˣԣʱǿ뿪¥ģȻҪߵ̫ԶĻɱɲܹûѣ
ɭ磬仰ǾͷˣȥߣϾ¥̫ɭˣ
Ƕ˵
ܿ죬ǿвٺĳԱž¥ȥҲվڴڣһۿȥȷûй˵ĴڣǣյУȴһֺɫϢеĪĵǡ


2012 
ЩɫϢؼǲϸʶ̽ĻԲ
ܿ죬еЩ۶ĿЩĹ졣
쿴ǵʲôµĹô
ٺĳԱеĺɫϢ
׵磡
üʶѾܳЩ׵ǾȻֱӳźľ¥ȥ
䣡
һ׵ȻЩ׵粻ԽЩĳԱɱ׵ǽ¥ݻ١
кĳԱΪо׵ĺ뿪¥
Ҫ뿪¥ʲôͼأ
㰵
˹˵ھ¥٣֪ǵʲô
ãҪݻУ
˵
ʲô
˹̧ͷֻյǻƣЩʱп׹
ĳԱҲǿе󣬽ɫ䣬Ҫ֪ҪǺλϷһЩ䣬ǲ̫ţϾǵʵҪӦЩеĻƣ練ơ
ǿλ棬˶գеĻƻ᲻Щһֲ˭ûеס
磬ҵˣǸǺðЩǲѵ
ɭ˵
ǲܴˣߣ
˵
ͷųһܣ˹ͽɭ޶ܵı
ɭ磬ȥﰡ
ܣ뿪У
䣡
еĻھҪЩƵǿȸոյ׵֪ǿٱǵȫ漶ǿߣҲв˱Щƻˡ
Ǹ󣬲û
бһƬ𺣣˶ܿеĩβһȦȦӦͨһеԿס
ǣͰ˹˶Ȧлɡ
ɭʵ磬ǵҪҪȥҶЩأ
ҹ۲ˣΨһһ·ǿȫĻǰȫģ
㿴һ۰˹Ҳǵͷ˲Ȧ
ɭ磬ôͽȥ˰ѵ𣿡
кĳԱʵ
ȿȣҪͱȥ
ɭһۡ
ǣɭ˵ҪȥǱȻǲҲģ
󣬽ɭ͵ҲǽǹȦ
ȦһУͰ˹ҲǺܿһƬɭֵС
ɭֿȥ˽ȫǴ̵ΧźܶЩ֦治ٺݡ
ʲôطǾҪʲô
˹˵
Ȼԭʼɭ֣治֪ﻹʲôյأ
˵
ҲˣʱٶˣҲֻʣһʮˣɭֵУ֪жֻ
˹ҡҡͷ
ɭѾߵԣ˵磬ʲôطЩһﻹҸǽأ
ȿ˵ʱҲͷ
˵
Ű˹ɭֵûкͽɭһж
̡
ɭֵдһҰ޵ĽЩֹƻǵãǼʯЩҲûʧء
͵Ǹ̽յϷɣҵҪҪʲô
˵

˹˵ǱƺֻǿƵҰޣڵ
֪ƺûе⣬ҲҪȥǰаɣ
˵
ɭȷŲʵǳǿҰޣЩҰ޻Ͱ˹ܶԸЩĳԱҪԸĻͺѶˡ
ɭУҪɱĳԱһֲô
ڣɭ˺󷽵ĲҽЩҽҰĿԵ쳣ҡ
ǹȻˣ
㰵ҡͷ
˹˵Ҫͷô
ҪĻûл·ģ
˵

ܲ
ոǽ롮֮ɭ֡ǱǺʨսսǲңǵ˱ʨ˵ʧأ
һЦ
˵
ûпĻȵͲ뿴ЩıˣΪȷľĻǿƵĻ棬һ޲ýԼ۾ΪξЩһ롮ˡ
̶ʮӣѾ˶ʮˣ˶ս˵ʵڵģҲȫûãٻõֿ
õֿʲôãʨǵԳƳģÿһֻʨ޵ʵļ漶ǿ֮ϣûоԵսĻԻᱻǻģҪ֪ܹЩʨ޵սģ
˵еͰ˹ϣҲЩҲ
ǣ٣
һƼԱ˵Ͱ˹Ѿ쵽󷽵ΣûпƬֱ̱ӷأƺҪЩһ
Χʨ޾Ȼǣ˵ΪѾѳԽЩʨˣǵľȷޱȣϾǸŶӣôƿȻǶѣ
ǵģ٣ǺܿѾסˣոһ£˲㶼Ҫˣ
һĳԱоԵ䣬ֻҪǲ磬Щ˲ϣͨҵβ飡
˵
֮ǰһЩɣЩһܷͨο飬Ͼλ浱е̫ѸˣλǰûùǵһΣԼ󣡡
ڿҪͨ飬ǲܵģͰ˹ͨ
ӴѶȣ
λ˵쳣ѣǶͰ˹˵ȴ۸Сһ򵥣һֱ˴ӣλ棬ǺܿͿԳˣڣѾӴѶȣͰ˹ôˣ
ӴѶȣ٣ľҪ֪ټӴѶȵĻĳԱʹģ
ָļӴѶȣֻͰ˹һЩˣˣټӴѶȣܲһοʱ򣬽ֻ⼸ˣ
˵
ǣ٣֪Ӧôˣ
ƼԱͷ

Ͱ˹סɭеľƣһȺʨӵĹϮǣЩ쳣ͣʵǳǿ󣬱֮ǰڳЩ˻Ҫǿ١
ǺĳԱѪܲҵ
ɭ˵磬һʮĳԱǱЩɱģʵֲ̫ˣ
˲ܵжˣĻϮĸ̫󣡡
˵˿ܣɭ֣ǻɳһЩԸǵģһҲҪǰӦһУ
ֵǣǲҪھɥˣ˵䣬ʵλһֱڴϣ򿪳ţԼ¥ˣո㼰ʱϵȫû
ɭһ㣺磬ʱǳλˣ


2013 Գ֮
ԭλһֱҪŵ͵̬ȣΪȥѰ½ɭ˵ʵҲЩĳԱѾȫȻûа취ʱҲһĻǵǻȫҵġ
ȻЩĳԱԶˣ㱾ǵжԹϵҲԶŻ˾ٵˣҲǳսӣЩĳԱʵܸԶŻ˴вǱȽСģλ浱У˵ʵҲԼϾпǿԼǳսӵһ顣
ҿ԰뿪λ棬ǣһǰᣬǾǴڿʼҪǶηһУ
ֻ޾壬뿪λ棬ϣܹף
˵
⡭޾壿
Ƕ¶ɻ
ǿ򳤹ٶǵһβԣȥĶһЩ̰֮ˣ£λ浱еԽԽԣϣǶһ㣬ûκõģֻĸ죡
㣬˼Ǵڿʼʲô澳ǶҪ侲ô
ȱ̬
ͷԼʵնͨοģ
ǣԭ̬̫ʹλ浱вΪģ㣬˵ĶԣǴڿʼģ

㲢ûм˵ȥΪѾоΧƺ
ոЩѾȫҺͰ˹ˣû뵽ɭֵл򣬻ɥĲѵȫЩĳԱɱҲνô
ΧĹҲܹܵĳ֮ոյЩǿ٣ĳԱĻǱضûӦ
㣬ЩһƺҪˣ
кĳԱ˵
ȴЩһҺͰ˹ȥԸ
˵
Ͱ˹ҲǺܿ뿪ԭأһȥ
㣬Ǹ˹ôΪβҪǰæأ
æ˵ΪǿһΣҪôæﵹæأ
ɭ˵Ѿ˵ˣֻҪ־λһУܻŻصܲ
û뵽ЩǺνǿߣȻʱæﲻϣЩЦأ
̾Ϣ
û취ˣɭ˵Ķԣ˶ܽЩɱӦǣҪǴ

Ͱ˹ɭ˹˵ЩȸոյĻҪǿ̫࣬ѹԶԸǣ

һֻֻðӵĺɫԳЩԳǿ׳磬з˻һ˫׳ˣƺҪ̵

ХͰ˹Ҳǳ֣ЩԳеĹӷ趯һâ˻
ӴЩԳ׶Ը
˵
ȻֵܹסЩâҪɽЩԳֱ̫ѡ
˹ͷΪɫ棬Ƹ죬ЩȻûиԳκв
ֻԳ趯һɹ糯ǰɫȥ޴ʹɭֶ
ȵã˹Σˣ
ٳ֣ĵбŷɫ⣬âڰʹЩơ
Ϊ˹һڴɫЩףЩԳǿҶӦǵĺϻ
ǿרΪ׼սߺߣǿأ
˵
˹ҲǷӦ˵㵱ĵ㣬ЩһﲻӦ

ͷ
ЩԳ°˹ҲһŭģǷĴԼؿڣǿЩۼ춯أȴһ˫ȭͻɽһȭЩײ
Գû뵽ȻֵܵסǵƵٴĳɫ磬˲ʧԭأֱӳЩԳȥ
ҪЩôֻϧûôʱ䣡
ȭЩԳȻԵֵȭǽֻԳ׻ɣײڴ֮ϣΪʧ
ЩԳʧ˹Ҳ˵Ȼֻʬ嶼û£ڳеЩˣҲˣҪǷȥĻǵʬӦҲʧˣ
ЩԳܺ㿹⣬Ǳһɱȴް㷴ʣʮֻԳʱ㻹ûг֣ȴĪʧˡ
ô£ȥˣ
ӦǿµɣǱϾκβҵģ
˵λ滹ЩˣҪȥĻ֪ʲô
ҲˣоҺʱпܱǿһ㣡
ȷǾѾһϷУϷеĹɿƶģҪƳʲôĻڵĻҶûа취
˵ûôģģ
ɱЩԳǻȺЩĳԱϰɣ
˻ص󲿶ӣɭ˶Ǹܵɭе𵴣ǶǾ֮ɫ磬ովô£Щһֻô
ǻҪǿûˣǲõģ
˵
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ɭͷӦô죬Ƭɭô
ɭǰһΣǾη壬ĻѻŻصܲ
˵
ǣ
Ƕͷûһ˸˼

ܲ
ʾһһĻطŸոɭֵУԸЩԳĻ棬Ҳȣһ˵㲻˵һʦôôǿȭηأ
ο֣һʵǿ̶ֳˣ
ЩԳϵʵǺһǳǿȣҲ٣Ϊ˴۽磡

ôأ㲻ĳԱô
ΪˣҲҪӹǣ
˵
ΪΣ
Ҳ֪ǳʦȴʩչȻڵʵǳǿǻһЩҪ֪СӵǿǼǿǳǿߣҲаη֮ɫ
˵ֻҺܺ棬Ǵѧȭ˵ϵΪǿ󣡡
Ƕݸеô
ҿһֱԼ۹⣬˲ã˲ɣͰ˹ǳսӵĺѡˣ˹ӹɣѪȻҲǳˣ٣ӦýһǴӺζ
ȻǳʦڸոյĽȴûʩչȷҪȻ㣬Ӧûģ
Ըˣ
ͷƬ̣˵λ濼ĿĲ඼Ѿﵽˣλ뿪ɣ
ǣ٣
һλĿƼԱͷ˵


2014 عܲ
֮λ档
ѾɭֵдѾãЩҲ⵽ɭֵиϮȻĴ֮£󲿷ֵĺĳԱվͷеĿ־壬ԽսԽ¡
磬ɭָǸԹôУ벻ǲǿ򳤹ٹˣǵİ
ɭʵ
ǵ֮ǰĳôλ棬ҵͨһطĹȦɣ
˵
ĳԱ񶼷ǳλǣѾһηĳ徢ˡ
ֻʣһˣӵٶˣڡοĴۣǴأ
ɭҡҡͷĲԶһλĳԱȥʬ壬ȻܹסٺĳԱİȫǱϾп־ĻױЩҵɱ
˹˵Ǻгô
Ҳǿյи߹һϷŽɫâ׳ɭֵпš
磬Ǻгǲǽǻȥģǿ򳤹ٱĵİţ
ɭʵ
߰ɣӦǿǰˣ֪ͨˣǷܲ
˵
ǽǻȥ찡̫ˣҪ뿪طˣ
ЩҸоԼĽǳ֮󣬷磬ԺǻصܲҲضģ

˶Ǻг˹ǰţ˹˵ôǰȥģְ
Ҳ룬ӦòϧĳԱļһѵΪǣ
üͷһ壬вõҪˡ
Ƿܲվһ¥ӴǣҲУϴ޾ϣλϵı֣Һͼλٶһ˵ǻ൱ģңǺ漸ıǶһȻǵһٶĳԱλģҪ֪ûõ˼ʹǽһţԺҪԶŻʬģԣڻŵǣǡˡĽ
ǵıֵУͰ˹Ϊͻģ˴Ŷɭֵ棬Ҹ˵Ҳߣ
˵ˣλϽܵĿѾ㹻ˣڿʼǽһ쳹׵Ϣʱ䣬һ쵱УǿԸԼɵ飡
л٣
ٺĳԱ˷˵
ص䣬ܾʲôԾĵطûɻǰλϵĿģҪʲôء
ķ䴫Ŵ򿪣ī˹һ˿ǵ˽˹ī˹ⷬ飬Ҳʵôˣѵֳʲôô
֪ǽԲǵģƺɣ鱨żӽ̽
ī˹˵
ţԭˣλϱ¶ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ԼλϵһжǱȫǼӵģҲǲŰߵ֮⣬ɭֵеĹ̫ǿˣҲǽһЩȫ¶ɵӣܿʩչĲ
¶ˣ
ī˹ɻʲô˼
ûʲôӦúŪҵΪλǿԭ򣡡
˵ˣ鱨Ų鵽Щʲô
ģԴϴ˹ݣҾѾ˸ۣĺܶ϶Ѿڲ۸ˣǴӦҲԶŻ˵֤ݣոҲ˵Լ¶ˣһ㣬Ҷ޷㣡
ī˹˵
һ֣ƯҲǽЩ鱨Աڹ֮С
޵Ȼ¶ˣӦⲻھͿʱң
Ǿͺã飬һҪ飬Ѿ鵽ǵ䣡
鵽ˣ
ңѾ֪Ǻӵнˡˡ֯ǵĿľǽԶŻǴ˻ƣ
ī˹˵鱨Ž򳤹ٵģ֪ʱֽǲ
ɳĳԱȻԼ縺ΣѾҪǳսˣĻǾԲϢģ
˵
ǳսӵУÿһԱǳǿߣ㣬ǳĻñмϣ
ī˹ʵ
ҡҡͷī˹鱨ŶţӦþͿҪǶˣֻϧʱ뿪ܲ
ī˹뿪֮󣬰˹Ҳ˵㣬óǳλЩԶŻ˵İȫ£Ѿɱ뿪ܲȥͨ籨أ
㿴˰˹һۣһЦʲôأôҵİΣôòǰ˰ɣ
㣿
˹Цģɱ飬ȻλϵıҴΪͣǻԶԶﲻϲĵز
ôһǣʲôʱأ
㵭˵
㻹ǲˣһԼˣǵģѾʼˣ
˹˫ۣʯ
ҡҡͷЦйŮ죡

ܲС
һ֮ɫվǰī˹ȼ鱨Ա˵Ҫǲ飬ˣ
٣Ӧûκģǲ˺ܾã
鱨˵Ȼ˵ǿǺСʱõһֻƳйذɣֻƳıˣ
Ҫ˵֪飬ȻҲǲ鵽ʲô״
˵ң鱨ʧ˶˵ʵҶǵ鱨Щɣ
٣˹ʧǸԭ򣬺鱨޹أ飡
ī˹˵
ī˹Ҳǻǵðɣ飬Ǿʱһɣ̸֮Ҫǲ顮ˡ֯飬Ѿж鱨ˣ
٣鱨ǵܲλ棬һνǺĳԱشڵѾʮˣȻǻǸոմ֯ǺӵвԶŻ˻ڹţΪǺԼ¶ȥᱻɱ
ī˹˵
ʮôǷչѸ١أ˵Ҫȥλ潫һ򾡣ǲǵͷĿѪأԶŻԭͲ࣬Ҫһ٣޷֮˰ɣ
˵
Ӣ
鱨Աǵͷ
ǣʮ˶ѣڵ̫֯СˣֽеĻáˡ֯ҵҪǾʲôʱܳɳҶЩвĵز
٣˼Ǽչȵʱʱһټô
ҲѾͨˣڸλɱԶŻˣһԽǽλϵıһĺ£ΪҽЩԶŻȫۼҪǵʱһʢ磬
ЦƺѾԤԶŻ˵ĳ
Ǽ鱨ԱУī˹ȴЩ
ߵĻ


2015 
һܲİ»飬ڻ֮㵥Ȼ֮ǰһ֪
㣬λϵı֣ҶĺǳҺܹ˷еĿ־壬Ҳĺܴһԭ򣡡
˵˵ǵĳɳһݹͣ
㲻Ҿӹ
ҡͷǫ˵
һ飬һҪ֪һʦλȴûʩչˣ֮ǿҶе⣬ܸԭô
ʵ
ͷЦԭھ飬ԭܼ򵥣ǾҴС

ȿź«
㽫İ֮شصĽɫ«˳«򿪣ɳһֻֻ۶ԷֱĳӣЩǹƳ档
ô༫ƷƳô
Ȼϵá
ҴСڳʳһʵŹʵӵһʦǱһҵǿһ־磡
˵ֻǳһֱܵų⣬峤ͼλ϶̫ߵһֱţֱҲμʦع
ڵʵ̫ǿɸһ㣬ֻһŹʵܴﵽЧô
ȻЩɡ
ҡҡͷŽɫ«Ҵİ֮صõıĹƳǧÿһֻƳ涼̺żǿҵ֮ǿ󣬾Ϊÿ춼ЩƷƳ棬Ҳ˵ҵʵǧֻƷƳ
֮ɫ˵ЩƷƳ棬ЩƳǿǣ
ʦ֮Ҳңʱ˺ͣڵѳ٣㣬ѡʩչô
˵
һͣҵЩˣҲû뵽㾹Ǹƽļһһ«ļƷƳѾ㹻Ϊִǳǿˣ
ǳǿߣ
⣺٣һֱǱȻоԼ漶ǿߵƿ׶ΣϣѵոԵǳǿô
㰡㣬һ˵һֱչǲеģȻǳǿǺӵжǿߵķ룬ܶ϶Բ鵽ҲգҾ͸ɣ
˵漶ǿɷɷΪ˹ɷ֮壬漶ǿߵеĶ츳ҪΪǳǿߵĸʣҲǰٷ֮һٵģ㣬㣬ҪΪǳǿߣͱҪӦǺӵеǳֻиӦˣǳΪǳǿߣͻƿ
ͷ
츳ʵϱȲڰ˹һͻƿģֻҪΪǳǿߣ㽫ǴǳսеһԱ
˵
ǳսӣ
һ֧ǴǿĶ飬˶ǳǿߣһֱǴˣҲΪʵػߡ
˵ҲѾ֧ĺѡ֮һˣϣܼŬ
ϴЩЦݣƺ⼸ɻѾ⿪ˣϾΪص˲š
ҲѾī˹֪ʱλ涯֣ǿҪųߵ㣬ʱȱǳٽһ򾡣ͺ㵣ġ
ص䣬˹Ҳ㲻ʲô飬˵֪ľ뿪ܲȥλñʱ뿪ˣҲܻصܲˣ
֪һʲô취ȫˣ
˵
ܲиҪʲôͺˣ
񣿡
Ȼ˵Ȼû񣬵鱨ȴŴҲܳȥ鱨ŵ˲ܳȥ
˼ī˹
齻죬Ҹӷģ
˵
˹ͷ鿴ҲֻܰæˣλʶĻֱܲǾٲά衣
ܲûī˹涼棬˵ģݺλ棬Ѳ٣ī˹ܳƵҵֵܣ
˸ߵۣī˹ǲһأ
˹˵
һ͵ĺܣʵģҪ֪һԶ鱨ԱƸˣѾǺܶԶ˶޷ˣ
˵

ܲı棬һλɫװһֻңܿһңһһĪ͸ȴǳǰ
͸һһ㳯Ϸƶܿ죬˴Ӳ洩
վλ˵ĺ󷽣Ŀǲ˲ʧҲˡ
ûȥطվŵλȻܿĿǾڲԶĴܲĽǴλãȴǸĴڣͺʱ˿ѾΪ͸Ĵһ
Ǹ߿Ƽ˿ƼоԺܹλ棬ܻسǺҿվŵλãǿߣҲû̽ȻǺӵΪǿ߶ѾҵܻصУ
˳ǰȥһΪȽĿѧأܶһЩ߷ӲϽǽڣֻͨеңťܽǲŴ򿪣дܿǰһС
ͨһˣǹ٣
ҽӲǵѵģݷѾãʱұЩа֪֮ǰҾѾǳսӣĿľҪǳʧǺӵУ
˵
٣ڿԶԸЩаôڴأ
۾зŹ⣬Ǻ㽶ԸԶŻˡ

֮ī˹ϢɫЩѿҲ˵Ϣöô
ҽѰ鱨֮λȷ˱ǣ˵Ȼǡˡϵ󲿷˵Ŀ֮ѡ롮ˡΪһǺӵе룬ǲ뿪λ棬ǿɳǿԸǣҲҪͿ⣡
ī˹˵
Ҳ˵ûϾӦԶŻӦе
ҡҡͷȻʱȫĺܣֻҪ֪λϾۼ˸ԶŻˣǳսӱضʱλ涼Ҫٵ
㣬ܰæҶѾˣ浽ʱ򣬰ˣ˵ˣ
ī˹˵
ˣԶŻԼľŬҿֻϧܲУһֱҪæȴûᱨ㣡
Ц
ио㽫ģ㣬ڰ㣬ҲڰԼ
ī˹˵
ˣҸе飬λΨһ취Һ㾡Ϊǳǿߣֻܼǳսӣʱл񣡡
˹˵


2016 ǳ֮
Ψһ취Ǽǳսӣ˵ֻҪӦǺеǳ֮ǳǿߵżҴƿ֮ΪһֱȻ޷Ϊǳǿߣ
˵ҼչҲ޷ͻһҪ뿪ܲǺӵиӦǳ֮
㣬뿪򳤹ǱȻ֪ģ
ī˹˵
˵ڵһǰλȰô
ī˹Ĭ
ֻΪͻƿˣȥκλģ
˵
˵֮ǽŴ򿪣ܲΧ뿪
ī˹ѾʧҲ˵ԸܹͻƿĻ򳤹һӡĹ۵ģ
˹ͷİɣǱôΣʱ̣Ȼܹͻһеģ
ǺӵУﲢκһλ棬Ǻӵͨλתλá
ܹǳһſǾǰ·־ܴ
ȫҫɫâ˫΢գȻܹܵŲǿڽλ֮Ĵ
ʶǿܳǵʵǿȣһλӰȴ졣
޷ܵԷ̺ǿߣȴ֪ԷһֱڶԼ
΢΢۾ǳУ·һ˫۾ڶԼǵӰգݣ˫۾ȴǻ˵һ㣬Ķ߾Ȼ츳ǿѪôǺӵУǳ֮ǿ޷ͨκͻƵģԶŻ˼һֻ֣֮Ϊǳսʿƿǳ֮а취ˮ֮У
㵽˭Ϊ֪ô飡
㲻Ҫ֪˭ҪԼԶŻˣǳиǳ֮Ǻô飬ΪͲ˽ǳıʲô
˵ʵһӵй£ҪͼҪƿĵУ
ʲô˼һӵйǳ֮
ƿصǳǿߣȫø߿Ƽģαǿߣǳǿߣӵһǳػߣػ嵱ӵеǳΪʵ
ǳػߣ
ãȻҵǳػ˭
СӣҪԼˣڸʱ䲻ˣ޷͵ſλɣ
ǵʧ˫۾Ҳǳ׿ˡ
㿴ããǿգ֪ΪʲôŶԷ˵ĻǳػߣԺһס
С㣬Ҷ˼ϧЩŮǻõƬһǰ֣ЩػŮˣ֪ܸǳ֮
ΪѰԶŻˣƿմʵ𣬵Ϊдҵȴ޷ػ磬£Σ֮ʣѵۻ޷ǳ֮ΪǳǿߣŤתǬô
ǳУ֪ʩչ̸߽̽ܳʱʩչķ
ǰһ񣬾УһٻӰǵٻӰڴϣһҵ鼮۾ԣһĿʮһ㣬һ鼮ܿ챻ꡣ
ŮЩƣһ㣬Ŀ⿴⣬¹£˼һࡣ
㿴ǹ⵱еŮˣƺ˸⣺Сϧ۵뿪˶ãֹ˶죬Щ㾿ʲô飡
ԭΪ˼ϧʼ̸̽Ŀľ˼֮࣬Ǹտʼʩչ֮㲻ʩչˣΪ뿪ʱԽãԽǶϧε
¿еϧر飬ǻѡ
СϧҲ뾡ص㣬ǡû뵽;ᷢô飬ҵΪҲѸҲʵԽǿҲԽ󣡡
˵
û뵽ǣʱѾӿһ˿˿֮ģӦ˿֮󣬱ʶ˫۽գϥǿյС
ѵǳ֮ôΪô֣
㰵˿յڣҪһ㣬Ȼܵǰδеӿ뵤
ǿҪãҾܳΪǳǿߣ

ܲҡ
ƣ˵ʲô˭ֻҪû»Ͳȱϯû뵽Ȼв۵ĵսҵȨ
ȵ
ŵĲ˶Щȣû뵽ȻҪ֪ΰ»ֻһûμӣǾ㡣
ǰٰ㿴أڽ죬ȴǹȻ㣬⵹Ǿȵԭ
٣ƺ֮ǰұǿ뿪ܲˣֻǵʱΪҪ㣬ڿ޹뿪ܲͨԱĻѱ˵ˣ
ʱ뿪ܲҲиоû뵽һȥ죬㣬ҿӵĺĳԱ£̫ʧˣ
ŭ
٣ӦòǷ֮ˣҪ֪λǷ磬ǽ춼ԣǾŷᱳѴ˵ģ
ɭ˶˵
λݣʱҲͦһΪ˵顣
ЩĳԱ飬Ҳüû뵽ںĳԱ
֪ӼԽһˣΪԽǹ죬˺ģϾûлûκ鱨ʾᱳǣҵ˼ǣǲҪϵ½۰ɣ
һ˵
λ٣ҵ˸ֻΪҪΪԲŻ뿪ܲᱳܲģ
˹Ҳǳ
㶼ˣ˹һ䷿ģ飬ô
뿪֮ǰ߹ңڵΪƿ׶ΣҪһԲŻѡû뵽һȥ죡
˹˵
ڵΪǳǿֻһһȴǼѿԽģѵҪͻƳΪǳǿô
Ҳ˵
ǳǿߣ
Ҳоȣ򣬻ûһĳԱӵǳǿߵΪȻ츳ǿǳ̫֮Ѹˣ¾ҲԳΪǳǿߵģ
еĲ˶Ĭ
ǷܲĹزܻˣǳΪǳǿߵãҲεһǳսӣǳΪǳǿߣǻҲὫΣ÷
ȵ
ǣ
ʱҴŴ򿪣һ׹˶һӰվ⡣
㣡
˹¶֮ɫ
ҲԾ
ѾΪǳǿߣĻҪ׹ٲ֮ˣ
㵭˵ŷȴеǿ߶𺳲ѣرǿ˵ǳ֮ǳ֮


2017 ǿҩˮ
ʵҲû뵽Լ뿪ˡܲô죬ԵǸǳ֮ҲȻΪǳǿߣĻҪΡ
ǿ˶ո˵ĻǳǿߵжôǿǵȻ£㾹ȻѾΪǳǿߡ
ܺãȻǳ֮Ǹ漣ļһұΪҲڶʱڸǳ֮û뵽
¶Цҿ˵㻰㣬ѾǺĳԱˣǡˡǿǳսӵһԱ
ϲ㣬ǳսӣǴ˳ԱΪһ飡
λٶ˵
㺬ЦͷҲûзʲô
Ͱ˹ǳսӵеĺѡˣұΪ˹ǳսӣЩʱ򲢲Գ츳
ҡͷ˵
㲻ǻõˣĻھҪˣ
˵
˵ƻܲĹأûгΪǳǿߣұȻǽΣҲ˵Դ˵ģᱳǣ
ˣѾ֤ԼǳսӵһԱǽĻشϵ

ͷλλϵȺں֮ڣôʱ䷢չǵѾﵽ˰Ƕ֣Ща˳ʧ
Ҫǲǳսӳսô
ӳʵ
ǳսݷѾãҲǸЩа֪Ǵ˵ʵˣ
˵ŲٺĳԱȻ˵ǲҪģҲǳսǾܣǶͨĺĳԱҲҼΪص£һΣҪȫİգĻЩа˻ԽԽŵģ
ǣ٣ǶȻѵȡյִǳǿ߾磬һǳսӣ
ٺĳԱ˵
鲢ûг̫ã򽫻ɢҲǽס㣬Ҫȥһǳսڵĵط
ִһƬطң˳һųǰ˵û뵽ǳսڵĵطȻܲôѵһֱδȥô
㣬ǴһԺǿ֯ǴӼǳսӵڣδ뿪һ
˵ӦǶôˣ
лٰݣ
˵
Ұ㣬ȷʵҶ벻飡
ЦҪ㾡ǳսӣΪٹ죬ǽҪǰλ棬ҲҪκʧܣ
ǣôŬΪǳǿߣΪ˶ԸԶŻˣ볤ٷģ
˵
߹ͨҲܿλɫƷˣϵƷнǴеĿƼԱͿˮսףмǿķ첻Сɱ
ٺã
ЩҲۼһŶʮˣÿһ˵ʵǳǿǳǿߡ
ǳսӵУһŶʮˣʮ˶ǺӵΪǿߣǱΪ߸С飬ÿǿߣһζԸλ棬ֻǲһԱȥִ񣡡
˵
٣λϵĶһȺǲһˣҲӦǣɳһԱ̫ˣ
⼸Ѿɱ¾ǲٵĺĳԱһθɱȫʱˣ
۴ĸԱУ㶼ܺĿɱڣƺǻȥΨһĿľǶԸԶŻһ㡣
ЩǳսӳԱı֣˵ǵ鱨λֻһҵģԶŻ˵ȫˣھͽȫǲȥǾǻ׳ô
ӢһԱԽλϵԶŻˣ
Ƕͷ
ȻҪǽһԱ㣡
˵

ǶΪɵ
ѵһòǳǿߵĺĳԱǳսô
ǳǿߣ
Ӿˡ
ǳǿߣûдκοѧǿǶʵ
Լǳ֮ô⡭ⲻ̫ܰɣ
˵
ˣǲҪԴ˻ɣε񣬳еһԱ㣬˶ԸλϵԶŻˣҲӦˣ
㿴ЩԱɲƵҲǰЩһԼҲãʱλ棬Լ־ͲҪа㿼ˡ
ǶʮԱλ棬棬ǽһģһĿ飬һԱֵãǰλնɱԶŻˣ
˵
ǣ٣

ǽλĿ飬㲢ûа취עȻǵĿҲûаȤϾλǴ˵ĿƼԱһռ䣬ܹѡ
ǶǳǿߣҪѵǣҲǲ̫ܵ顣
Ҳǳʱ佫ǳսӵĻش¹һ飬طҲûʲôȻѵһЩΪȽУֻһңȫ浽ʲô
ʶ޷ܹܵӦмŨҵҩˮζѵһЩǳǿעҩˮķ䣿
²
ѵǿ򳤹ٴô
һλŰɫ·ʵ
ı鵹мֺ棬ҲҪ㵽ʲô¾Ȼܱӣ
΢΢ͷ
˵ǳǿߣҲǳսӵĳԱΪûаˮ֣Լǳ֮
ѵ˶ǳ֮ô
˵
λ˵ǳ֮ǺӵΪصû׸ǳ֮ģǿƼԺоǿҩˮȴܹʹΪﵽƿǿ߸һǳ֮Ϊǳǿߣ
ǿҩˮ
ҽ
ǰ˽ҪҴ򿪣һҩˮζ˱Ƕ㣬ǰڷŸҩˮĵطԭǻصĽأǶ㣬ȴ⣡
Ϊʲô
㲻⡣
Ϊ㲻ҪǿҩˮҩˮȻһΪעҩˮΪǳǿߣôȾ˶һ㣬Ҳ벻ǿҩˮĻȫǳ֮ᱻȥ
˵ʱ򲻽ʵ½廹ܵش
ôأѵһֱҩˮάֵǳ֮ô
Ҫ뿪ǳսӣĻÿעǿҩˮ
ǿҩˮô
ʵ
аɣûǰôˣԣ㹻ǰλԸа˵ģ
ǰЦǲҹرյĻҩˮܿ챻עϵģԣҪִҪһǿ˷ǿҩˮҲλϵһ飡


2018
˽ҲǿƼԺеĳԱ֮һǿҩˮͼλƼԱƳģ˹ȥǳ㣬Ҳ޲ޡ
˲ٹڻص飬է˹Ҳǽصеĺܶ㣬˹ǺøжӲ٣Ҫ֪Ҳֱܷ˹˵ûκٳɷ֡
ڷҩˮд˼ʱҲǻصԼŵķ䵱Уڷеʯ֮ϣҲ΢˫˼
Ѿɳǳǿ߶ԸλϵԶŻˣԼȫͨǿҩˮαǳǿߣ뿪ǿҩˮǵʵۿۣԲҵĶ֣
ҪԸǳǿߣֻҪƿǴߵǿҩˮǱΪˣ
˹Ѿ˵ǻ㹻ǿҩˮִλ棬ǽǿҩˮɱԼҪصĶҪŪǵǿҩˮѣ
Ըǳǿߵİ취
Щǳǿ߽λܿ飬Ŀ黹Ƕǿҩˮ̶ȣҪܿصҲǲܵġ
Ȼ֪Ҫ鼸ʱ䣬Ҳ㹻㻨Ѹʱǿҩˮо֮ϡ
ÿ춼ҩң˹̬ҲǼãԭЩһֻΪƨǿҩˮ㲻Ҫ˸ܹҾ˵ˣ
˹ܽΪǿҩˮͼƼԱоģûǿҩˮЩǳǿȫҪ군ԣЩǳǿǰҲǼϡ
Ҳ˹Щǳǿ֮Ĺϵ̫ã˹ÿ춼صоҩˮ쳣֮˹һ˵ˣҲ˽˲ٹǿҩˮϡ
ǿҩˮ˹ںԪĳҩˮͨҪעҩˮᵱըΪҩˮ̺ʵֲ̫ˡ
ҩˮǸ漶ǿע䣬ǽǵΪͻͽǳ֮Ϊǳǿߡ
صеǳǿߣȫ漶ǿעҩˮΪαǳǿߣȻӵкǳǿһֻҪͣעҩˮǵʵԭα¶
ǿҩˮҲܵģúܴÿһ꣬Щǳǿߵʱϲ٣֮ǵųǿҩˮ
˹Ҳǵ֪ʵԭصǲֹ߸СӵĳԱģʮǳǿڻصУҲǱעϵǿҩˮΪųڻء
򳤹ٺܳס⼸ڽɱԶŻܼҲûмǳսӳȥִ񣡡
˹˵ҪľǸԶŻһһսô꣡
ͷȷԶŻѾۼλ棬һսÿıóѵĻȻԶŻ˽Ըˡ
㰡ҲãҩУֹֻǿҩˮв̾Ϊֹҩأ
˹ЦŽһɫСƿ˳ʵװʲô
ǿ֮ģ
˹۾У֪Զ˺ԶŻʲôô
ԶǿԶŻ˾ǿ
˵
˹ͷԶŻ˵Ҳڴˣ㽫ĥҲ᲻ӣ֮ǿ𺳣ƿǿ֮ġԶŻ˵Ѫҩ
ʲô
š
㷴ӦǼأ
˹ҡҡͷҲûлʲôϾǿ򳤹ٴţʲôģ˵Զǿ󣬵ȱ⼸ɱԶŻʤΪǵ̫ƿǿ֮ģӵԶŻһǿľǱǳǿע룬ֱ绢
˵û뵽ԶŻ˵ѪվȻôҪãǰλ滹һ񣬾ҪѼԶŻ˵Ѫأ

˹ͷһӴ򿪣涼һѪȫǵѪԶŻ˵ѪԴźܾãǼǧ궼Ѫձ
治ɫȴǰЩĴ˳Ա֪ɱ˶ԶŻˡ
ǵʱλ棬ЩԶŻȫɱռѪյĴӣϣʱЩѪհ㲻ȫҴҲǰһæ
˹е
ӹЩӣҲǴӦ
ãȽȥоҩˮٵ䣬λܿ飬ûôģ

㿴˹ʧԼߵУҲҩй۲Щҩ
ǿҩˮǿ֮ģʵҩлвҩˮʶ۲죬ܹЩҩˮ;нٶģǿģϵϵЩҩˮ֮ǿҩˮǿ֮ĵĵλȻҪ̫ࡣ
Щǳǿ߲עǿҩˮǱǿǿ֮ģʱǻøѶԸ
ü

ڼලλǳǿǵı֣֮ǰλȫͬ
λûκλֻһɫĿռ䣬ռ䵱кһǱУǽ˺ɫ
٣λܹıʱ䣬һʱ൱ⲿһ죬ǶѾд˰ˣƺûаǿҩˮ˼
һƼԱ˵
룬ʹشˣȻǳǿߣȻ⼸ҪܻصĿ飬ԣ֮ǰһע˴ǿҩˮ
˵ٵһ죬ǱضҪ¶
Һʾϣʮǳǿ߶ںڰռ䵱ϥţǽ˫ڱչ
һ֮ûгϣ˶۾˫ͨ죬Ⱦ˶һ㣬ЩǿѾȥʮˣûעǿҩˮѵô
ûעǿҩˮɱǻҪܡ
ȻҲмǳǿǳס֪ʱǵĶҪǺһĻȻǰλִľͲˡ
ֹһʱͲסˣСǿܲˣ

٣Ҫܲˣǵ巴ӦҪٹһʱûעǿҩˮҪԭΣ
ȨСԱȫǿҩˮǣ
ҵҪԱã
˵

һԱλϼʮСʱҲǳ׿סǿҩˮջ
ǶһڻصУ˽˹㿴עǿҩˮǳǿߣҲ˵٣ô˽λսô
㣬ƱҪλϵԶŻȫɱȻǲĵĻԽλ泹׻ٵնݳ
â


2019 ۷
ǳǿȻոսλĲпῼ飬עǿҩˮ֮Ȼɱ
Ǻ֤٣ǵô꣬ҪЩԶŻȫɱǷλ治ӳԶŻˣ
ƺܲλǵͬ飬ϣܹúýһޣ㽫еĶӳ
һǳǿߡ
Ҳǿһǽа޵ļһһͷӺܸߣǽ˵ǣ٣
ȵ뿪֮󣬰޿㣺ȻڼǶ飬ôλϵһжҪңҲ뵽ʱаΥ
򳤹Ǻúýвô
Ц
СӣвǶӳһУ˵ʵ˾λһ鷳ͲҪ㣡
һԱ˵
ǧҪΪԼǳǿ߾ͺˣ㣬ȻҪǿҩˮάǳ֮ʵڵǿ̫࣬ǵʵͲģ
ǿȥƲ㡣
ôҵҪλϣǵ費Ҫң
㱳˫֣תЦ
޿뿪ıӰ˵ҲССӣ˵ǳٴǳǿߣȻλϲҵߺߣҪѿ
СӰְţжӳ˵仰Ǿͷˣ

λ档
ѾˡĻؽڱУϾǴ˵ϮĻﶼǻᱻԷ֪ġ
䶫ʡڱУ׼֡
ҪÿڻصѼ鱨Ҫ糯ȻѾϯ糯ҲֻñĴǰһЩ
ĻǷڡˡϡ
صУѾԶŻһˣǴˣŵĶҪˡΪԼȥ˱ѩޡ
ϴī˹ǣѾ˵˿һ֣ôȥˣǡˡƺûаж
һ˵
ΪˡҲüͷÿ춼飬λܣҶѾߣֻҪǴӡˡǸǿߣұضԵһʱ֪
ǲľǵʱͶƱẦԼأ
ī˹أȫ˵ͶƱٷ֮ʮ޳ɺ͡ˡƣʹҪתأҲǺް취ϾʱˡѾѽǸ֯ͶƱһС
˭֪Ժᷢʲô֮Իᷴ뿪λ棬ΪǴ˶ʶ㣬Һ˽ԣī˹ʱҾǲ뿪Ǳؽһѣ
˵
һ˵Уܶ඼ǲʶģ¼Ҳ˳˾ͱ볷ˡ
ȻǻûжǷƣڼ䣬Ȼʱ䲼úܶ飡
˵
ߣ
ȺУһм
ɫ΢䣺ʦЩҪ˵أ
ҶѾԶŻ˵Ľˣ˵ʲôأ
ҡҡͷ
ѵʦΪԼܻصչԼĺͼ־ôҪ֪ڡˡϵѾͽȥǻĻô
˵
ôأλ棬ֻе
˵һֱһ֧ѵѾõǳսӣǳĻЩһֻЦѣ
ߣҽھɱһҾģ

ʦҲˣڵĴĲô˵ĻҲķһɱ㻹ǲɱͶƱʱұ֤ɱ϶ڿԶŻҪ࣡
ȵ
ŵò˵ˣаȵǳսӽԶŻȫɱĻǻš
²ã
һʹ߷ء
ǱλѲߵʹߣ˵ô£
ǵԱ̺֪̽Ǳˣһֻĺɱ
ʲôĺ㱻ɱˣ
д󾪡
Ҫ֪һֻĺܹȵһ˽漶ǿߣȻʵǷ
Ǹƺǡˡ˽λķλ
Ǵ˵˰ɣ
ż
Ҳ˿ãھʹ˽ȫɱ˰ˣ޻أ

ҲҪǳǿߵĻڵʵԶԸǵģһжԭƻ£ϾҪֱǶԸǵĻҲѵĺܣ

ʹ̽⵽ǿߣǣȻͰ޵ìܣһֱǰУϲ١
ӳСǺܲǣȻѽڣòԶӳ
ҪˣλĿǶԸԶŻˣֻҪȫɱǶڻص׹ʱǳսӶп쵼㣬ֻҪƻǵжʲô޹أ
˵
һֱʵΪ֮֮ǰʹܸӦ˵ĴڣҲ㽫ϢȥĻʹǾԲܸӦǳǿߵĴڵġ
޵˷һебͣҲˣ˵鱨ʾˡϳУǣƺӦǵĴڣ
ԶŻϢı¼ǿǳǿߣҪͨʶҵҲǼѣ¶
Ƕüͷ
Ҳǽǣ˽ĻظͲϾī˹֮ǰҹǵģ˸鱨ǣҲ
һǳǿ߿㣺СӣôҲǶ鵱еһԱѵһֱǲŬͻȡѫô
Ȼأ
˵
˵ܽҵұضʵ򳤹ٷӦ
˵󲻴˵ССǵĻرضڵص׻ɽ֣óȻѰңѵʱ̫󣡡
˵
кõİ취
ǷΪÿ˸һÿһʱ㱨һΣǽҵߺߣӦ֪ôˣ
˵
ɢжôһжȷ˷ʱ䣬ȻҶΪɱԶŻôҾͲػǵҳ϶ˣ
˵
Ȼû޳ɣҲûзԣϾӳͬĲԡ
ȵ޽ǵĵͼֺ֮һɽص㸺˷ɢ֮аȻֿǳսӣǵ۷ȴļ䵽λڿҪҵˡĻر뻨һʱ䣬ھͷرǺǻϣ


2020 ʤ
ˡرʹߵһϢŪĻ̻̣ȻҲаǾӦóȥʹ˳ԱѪƴģΪʼΪһֱⱱУЩһǻġ
λ԰֪꣬в˶ҪǰǽЩ˳ԱɱƬײûڻЩһﵽǲǳǿߣǳǿߵĻȻǹȥֻͽ
˵ΪˡǾԲ״ģ
ҲҪһζصĻȥĻɢ
˵
ֻȨ֮ƣݱܷâˣңһ취˶ɹһѹصģ
в˵ǲĿ⣬ȻǶñ˾ٷǳųҪ֪Ȼ֮ǰһֱǺӸˡԱȺǹﻹǾԶŻ˲Ǻӵǿ塣
ôǶľǴôǵı飬ƺܲأ
ü˵ȻǱ֧ߡ
ȻľҲ֧֣ȻͬҲϣܹԸˡİ취Ƕʮˣʵڲλ滹Ҫ˻ܣ
Ĭû˵
ʱһʱӦöôԸǳսӰɣ
۾һˣ¶ѵõЦݣ㣬Ҳˣоˣ
صҲǽĿ⿴㣬ǵһʶģҲвֻ˵ѡ
ѵλԶŻڡˡеԵףǸô
ʵ
ҽһ£λ㣬ܹǴϢ
һʼѹҲ롣
ǺǣǵҪֵкμˣ
ٴЦ
Ҳûпֱ˵ˡɳһֱصǳսӣȻֻˣǶǳǿߣһаٲɻ£ҽòҪжĻҵĻؽһѪȷ磡
ǳǿߣ򵹻ǿǣĿʲô
λϵԶŻ˸Ͼɱϧλ棡
˵
ɫһ䣺ǹݣѹǻȵʱԸǣҪһô
λ˵ԵҲֻṩһЩӹųĽˣҵǾҪһ򾡣ȥǺӲƴ
˲м㡣
ֻˣѾϰٺǳǿߣҲȫûаʤ㣡
˶֧ǰǺǳǿѪսס
ǱȴüƺܿһǾ²ǺӲƴʱҲͬ
ѵҪôǰԵ׵ĻôҲڴ˵Ե׵ˣԼԼݣ˵λ˵أ
˼
Ȼ˵ˡһΪ֯ǱɲǰƷ㲻ԶŻˣǱֵܣԲɳ㲻ԶŻ˵飡
ȵ֪ǵвҪȥҴ˵ĳԱѪƴǳǿߵʵһٺܶԸģԣǴһ侲°ɣ
Ȼ˵ˡôһΣҶ飬ǷѪƴչͶƱǴ󲿷˶ͬѪƴˣҲӦ÷԰ɣ
ɫѿ
ȷȻ֯ͶƱȷʵûɾܾҲĴӦȻ˻ǻ᲻һе޳ѪƴǳǿߣʱˮգˡΣӡ
ǶܶԸǳǿô
ȴǳ˵
ôܣǳǿҲеôǿģ
Σʮǿߺд裬ǻңӦѪƴ˳ԱΣ
˵
Ҫֵʮǿߵ֣Сӣ㲻Ҫ̫ſˣ
˶ЦڿЦ
ǲңʵʵڻأҪش鷳
˵
ߣ浱ǲңСӣ˵ѡʮǿߣһ˳ս㶼ӦҪ֪ҿǰ˽漶۷ǿߣ
һվ˳Ȼܲм
ô
۾УƵлһֱӻ˵ˣȻƵĲö
ôܣȻܹҵӡס
˵
Ǵ˳ԱѾһʬˣҸո˵ĻȻʮǿֶԸңֻҪӮˣӦǵľ
˵
ã˵ģ
һǿ߲˵Сʵףǿɲܴ⣬Լʵıֱվʮ˶ѣǲֹʮأ
ǣ
ʮǿѾǰһȻѾֶԸ㡣
ҲЦȲһ磬ôǿЩһضģ
һɫâɫâڻܣǿ߶ʶܵǿ
˵ո׽һ˽漶۷ǿӡסǻûиеµĻôӦǿ֮ʱѾˡ
ʲôһѣѵΪǷôʮǿ߻Ը
ԶŻ˵ľǿ󣬾֪УҲɥʧս
˵ôǸǳǿߵʵɣ
ڵǳ֮ŷһɫâܣǰʮ漶ǿ֮࣬ȻûзС
Ͼǳǿߺ漶ǿ߸ͲһϣҪǰʮ漶ǿߣϰҲǲаηġ
ʮǿ߶ʩչ߲µĽ綼޷ƳǵĶͷҲð亹
ѵǳǿߵʵôӦ
Сû˵ǵȷԸЩǳǿߣ

ûг֣ЩԶŻ˱˵һȫжʵ𾪡
Ϊ׵һ˵㣬˵ĶԣǳǿߵȷܶԸģⳡѾûˣǲĶ֣
ȻǲܶԸǳǿߣʵȴǿѵҲԸǳǿô
ʵ֮ϣһ취Ըǵģ
˵أҪȶסҵΪǲСķץסĻǺѷģ
˽ûжãŸոչ٣ʱ©Էһ򾡵ĻԶŻԶǲڽŵˣ
ԣǲְܳʧҪʤáˡı𣡡
˵


2021 ͻ
㵥һȷʵܳʱûнҲ֪ĽȻҲû̫ʱģֱ⣺㣬ļʱĻҪɴȻոѾסǣоԶŻѪԻǻẦǣ
޷ƿص飬£ǳǿߵעȫУֻҪǲǵĻӦǲʲôģ
˵
Ȼأ㣬ʵѵ޷Ըô
ӲƴĻûаʤ㣡
˵Ҳ㣬ֻҪûǿҩˮĻǵʵۿۣ
ǿҩˮ
̫⡣
㽫˻ǳǿߵıʸ˱˵ԭǶעǿҩˮαǳǿߣû취ƻǵǿҩˮȻܱǳǿߵʵǸ޷Ӧ
ڵĻֻһһˣԸǵİ취ҲǾ޿ܵģ
˵
ҲֻˣԸܹɹһ٣
˵ʵӹ˽٣ǻǲʺϼλϣΪοֻǲһСǳǿִѣ˻صлŶʮǳǿߵȴһ񣡡
˵
ΪԶŻ˸˴ҵʱһ뿪λģ
ͷ˵
ʱ磬ҲǴӻ뿪صǵʱҲһԶŻټģ֮Լĵص㡣
ǵϵصġ
ȵ˵룬ӳҡͷ˵ǵӣӦҲһɣ
ӳ̫ˣЩԶŻ˲ϰôôܰϢ쵽
ԱƺԼʵеˡ
ԤϣԶŻ˽쳣֪ڵĵص㣬ҪҵǣҲ£λĵһѣҾͲϼ죬Ҳǣ
޹ʿ
ӳ˵ĶԣǿǳǿߣôҲЩԶŻˣ
Ƕͷ˵
վһԣԲ
޿㣺ôһֱ˵أϾǶеһԱûʲôĻ¿򳤹Ϊӳ
ôǵһȥ֮߿򳤹٣żô
Цɷģ㲢һϲͳ˵̵Сˣ
仰Ҿͷˣ˵ģǰλ棬ϤĶ࣬ѰԶŻ˵İ취ҲģҺܿһҵǵ䣡
˵Ȼϣҵʱܵһʱ֪ͨңϾҲǶӳ
˵ֵ̣Ṧͣޣ浱ûƢô
üͷһ壬ڵǳ֮ȫŷǿĹâܣ޵˶𾪵ĺһû뵽ͻȻ쭡
ˣҲ֪㲻Ṧ֮ˣ˽ɱԶŻ˵ǶҪԶŻɱ첻Զ˵꣡
˵
Ҳ㱬ìܣϾԶŻ˻ûҵһﻹżüֵϾǳǿߣҪסҲҪһ
ߣ
㽫ոյȷֻŻ˶ѣʵôôױǴŭ
һֱʧںҹ֮С
һԱ˵̫ԴˣոȻ֣ӳ㲻˵ǲжĻͽɵô
ֻ۾ûжˣסλ棬ԶҪϤ
޺ȵԺǶСص㣬ڽЩԶŻҵ֮ǰ
ǣӳ
˶ͷ
һ죬ÿҹ˻غϣԶ׼ǣ˶ûаԶŻ˵䡣
Ҳôĵطȫĸɾüͷ˵ҵǾ鱨󣬻˵ЩԶŻǰѾתƣǾԲԶŻ˵ģ
ӳҲԽҽҸƬˣûзְԶŻ˵ټ
㣬ʲôȻѰҵķǴˣİ취ֵÿ϶ģ
˵
ǲǵĻȥأ
üͷ˼״ҪĿǣ
һû뿪λ棬ڶǵĻѾתȥλ棬Ǿλһ꣬ҲҵǣԣڶҪܲ鱨֧Ԯ
Ĳת뿪λĻǾһֱҲûõģ
ҪһԱصܲ
˵鱨ŽԶŻ˵Ļٴζλ
ӳһֱһģҿСӻصܲɣӦλ
޿һ㣬ҡͷ˵ǱǸǾԲȥģ
Ϊʲô㣬Ҫ֪˵Ƕ鵱жһˣҾӦ֪֮
һԱ˵
ȴǵһۣҿԶŻѪŹĻģάᣬͷܲɣ
ӳ⡭
Υ
ǣӳͷܲ
СάᡯĶԱܲԸ뿪顣
аѾɹһǳǿ뿪λ棬ڻа⣬Ϊ˵ҲԽԼɱ
άᡯ뿪ĵڶҹ˾ۼʱѾᵽΣյѶš
ܼªķݵУȻǿߣ϶ǰƳɵ㶨һҲǿǾǵڻصгֹԶŻˡ
ȫˣǾȻܺãȻԼǰûм
˵֮ǰڶĿûбҪˣ˶ץԶŻˣƺѾ֪ǵĳ֣ҪǵĶֻǿϧϢȻǿȻӲҵ˫ۣ
ЩԶŻ˿Ȼλϣߺߣ
Щ˵߹ΪƾǾܽԶŻ˳ôǣڳ룡
϶ǿƼԺƳסвģ
޺ȵ
ԶŻȫҽмǵֱ֮ѪۣȻĥǡ
ǼȻǣԶŻ˵ĻӦþǸ
˵ֻҪ죬ضܽǵĻҵ
㣬ԶŻ˲ѪôԶŻ˾ǿ󣬾ĥǣҲײκλˣȻǵĳ֮ԶŻ˾ɱΣ
޿㡣


2022 
޵ǲģǾôǰԶŻˣҲǵ˳ˮ齫øնɱ
ΪᵱϽǰɱģȴû뵽ȴǿ˵ɱиص㣬ɱǰֻˣҿֵҶ֣
㣬˼ǣ
ȵȫУһ֣ɱˣпУ
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Ϊ棺㣬㾹ȻȺãҲģҲѲˣģȽǹȵǽǵĻҵɱҲ٣
٣ɱ˻ôнǹˣӳҿ²˳٣ھͳȥѰԶŻ˰ɣ˵µĽչ
һԱ˵
Ҳǵͷȫ뿪۵ĵص㡣
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ˣ˵ʲôûˣֻ˱ץˣȻѾ¶ԶŻû뿪λʵǻǾ뱱ǻһβСľ룡
˵һ취ǳȥģ
ǣ㣬ԼҲҪСģˣܻص֪Ƕмɲǣ

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Ѱϣͱǵķ෴Ҳ˵ǾԲҵԶŻ˵Ļء
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޴˿ҲȻѱ䣬ѱ֮ˣҲԲ嵱еǳ֮ҲǱȻǿҩˮ׵ǳǿߣǱȴǲ
Ҫǿһ
ϾǸոս׵ǳǿߣһȭҲð׻⣬Ц㣬ȻҪѡѱ䣬ôұ֪ͽ³жң


2023 
޵ʵʵ㲢˽⣬ֻ֪ҪԼǿ٣Ͼ޼ǰѾעǿҩˮΪǳǿˡ
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ǳǿ۾˵ôǿҩضǶӳЯģôУǶӳأ
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˵
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⡭㣬㵽ʲôɱǣܵõʲôô
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ǣϵǿҩӳǶȻὫЩǿҩģ
жǿ־壬ƺѾ֪ɱİޡ


2024 תƻ
㽫˻ɱûаԥȰޣ޹ؽҪ
ԶŻǾϲû뵽Щһǳǿ߾Ȼᱻɱ֮ѵϵǿǵʵô
עЩǿҩˮһжǶӦ
˵
ǶӳҲɱģ
²˵ʱҽǵȻصأ
˵
ϵʬ屻ոɾҲǴԶŻ˻صصС
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˵Ƕˣ㣬λȥ
һ˵ȫˣȻǰǱͽתȥλ棡
˵
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ܿ챱ٿ˻飬λϵǳǿ߶ѾˣҲ˷ܵĺܣ˵Ҫתƻصʱǲȴɫһ䡣
ǶƯӣλҪһܶ˻壬ǻûзչҪǷƮҡܼܲλ棬ȻɱǳǿߣôҲηˣ
ɱǳǿߵ㣬ڴ⣬ÿζðΣǣ
ȵһΣҲͶƱҪǷˣҪѩ޵ˣԸ汾뿪ǾǷȡֵˣԱ㣬Ҳǿ
ȻǼ֯תƻ飬ȴ֮ص飬Լһʱ˲˵
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֪޵ɱģ̾ͻ뵽ԼİΣ
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вĿ⣬ҲЦŸôʹλ淢ÿţάʹϷ
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ߵĻ


2025 ǿ
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򳤹һֱü㣺ôѡ١׷ɱģ
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ҵ죬ȻάԼŵģѵԣ⹦ͱȰ޵˵ҪôϾԼǡ١Ϊ
Ҷָɵ˵ʱάỹûг֣ҲǲȥϹ£
˵ڻӦûҶ
鱨ȷԶŻ˵ĻǷ񱻻ٵ׿˵Ļ㣬һΣֱɹӹȥˣ
ī˹Цôһô


2026 
˵£ԶŻѾת뿪λ棬ʱڣӦòᱻ˷֣ʱ䣬Ҳǡˡչ׳ʱڻأǻӵжʮǳǿߣţôԸǣ
Ҫٵǳսӣ
˵ǳսӣֻҪ֧սӱһٵʵ
˵
ǣǿӵĵط׽ٵô
ī˹˵
ؽ䱸ɭϣЩǳǿ߶ǵ֮ҪٵȻѶȼ󣡡
˵Ȼģ
˹˵Һī˹ᾡģ
ī˹ҲǵͷھҪ˳ˣ
ī˹ļһоڲС
һֱܲҲûκϾ㲻ҪעǿҩصҲκ⡣
㲻Ҫһֱڷ䵱ʱȥѵָһºĳԱʹһµʦ
ûΥһʱ仹ǻȥѵҰһЩĳԱЩĳԱǰλϳжѾǽΪϴرǽɭƴӣаԹԣΪ֪г·
һ죬˶ûκжȻ鱨ÿ컹ѼһЩҪ鱨
ԽƽԽֲǱ֮ǰһ㣬֪ʲôʱ򱩷ٴ١
磬²²
ɭҴҵѵҵ㡣
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иһλ˳ڿ˵ԼʦҪ򳤹٣ھܲУ
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˵
ȫû뵽ȻλӳصȻҪԼܶ˵
ȻԼ֮ǰΪʧֵҪԭ򣬵£ֻҪṩǨλ֤ݣôԻ˵Ļġ
Ҫڿ֮ǰ鳹׽

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һĳԱֱһƣ϶ǻңĻҪҪǷ磬⼸˶λ棬ﻹлվ磬ǣ
ڿ˵ͽƾʵݣ
УҲǣҪȿ򳤹٣һһУ
˵
òײŴλ˳ˣȻҪҷСıǰ⼸ĳԱȻһߵģҪǸǣ⼸˻ɱڡ
㽫Ŵ򿪣һĳԱһƣҲ˵ס֣
磬϶㣬ѵأ
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˵ҲĬˣҪԶŻ˻ص߿ĻţҾԻᱻɱô
ͷ亹
ֻϧһŻңǰʱ˵ڵΪҪɱ㣬Ҫأ
˵ȻҲɱ㣬Ҫ֪ڴеļ¼һʬɱһ߱ͲӦôڵˣ򳤹ٳ˻Щɻ֮⣬ûôˣҿǸողòŰ˽˴鷳Ĺ
ʧ˵㣬㣬ҶѾӻˣ·ˣ
·ֻǿԸԸⰴҵԸߣ
˵
Ը
˵

Ŀһгһöɫ««зɳһֻƳ棬㽫Ƴ˲ֲĴ֮С
˵ʲô㣬㵽׶ʲô
ǰǶ԰˹ʩչӡ֮ôǳеľƳ棬ڼ֮УֻҪһҪĻַԱ
ǿ־壺⣬㣬ģҪʲôҶ
Ƴ棬ǵС˼ɣڴУ
˵
̾˿Ҳգ棬ҾͲӦҪħ˵ʲôҲģҽԸ£

ʱ򣬿صУܲĿҺ֪һ֮ôģ
٣ңʵҲͽһжϹ峤Ĺƣֻвѣ
˵
ǺǣϹһ˵ƣ
˵˵ɱȻֳǰһ˵λҪҷģ˵Ե
٣ֻԴЩĳԱ֪ͨѣҲҪҷ㣬ʵϣ֣ҿˣ
ʲô˼
׷ɱϹңھ̣֮ҽ㣬ܹҵĶ֮ûɱңʧ֮ϣ
˵
Ȼ飿ˣΪֳ

˵뿪棬ֱȥλ棬ʵϣôҵԶŻ˵ĻأҲҵһݹͣ
ЩԶŻ˵Ļģ
ͷٶ໨ʱ䣬ȻҲҵǵģṩϢĻܿܡ١ʱ䱣סЩԶŻˣ
ǡ١ĳô
ǧȷɫǡ١Ѫ񵶣˭
ˣҪϸ
˵Ȼһ·ô
ټ㹧˵٣
ߣĺ⽫˷ߣû뵽ܲع˳㰡㣬Ŀʱпأ
˵
٣飬ȷҲдȣʦǺѽԶŻ˵Ļػٵ
˵
ոѾˣҲƱɣϾѾ˵ˣ㴦ã
˵Ͳ
ߵĻ


2027 
ȻûأԣĳȻǸȻõķȥ䣬ϾĻÿ㣬Ͳ
ջǾϳص档
뿪ңŷ㣺Ҹոһֱһû뵽ҶˣȷǸ˵ļһ
һô
ҡҡͷ˵϶ңҪɱĻ㻹ӻ
ͷǰҰĵȷܴΪԶ쵼ߣҵ뷨ʵ̫ˣڴǰҸǸްôСˣû˻ҵ
Ϊڴǳսӣԣǲ࿴ģ
˵
ˣˣҴĻô꣬ͷһҶѾˣ㣬Ȼ֪ܶܣģսͣǱ
˵

ֻһСѣ㲢ûܵӰ죬סչ
һڹȥ㱻һѣһ߲Զİ˹ϥʯϣȫɢźɫâü𣬶ͷǺգⰬ˹ѵ߻ħô
㽫ʶ̽ȥȻȷ˹߻ħıԵ
ĵлһ׭ע밬˹ڣȻ벻ǣ˹ڵɷȻķ׭ȫɢ
˹ɷ֮壬ɷޱȣҪʩչǳ֮ܰˣ
㰵
ǳ֮ע밬˹ڣڵɷȻǳ̫֮ǿֱӽǹ̵ɷ塣
˹ָ۾ɫǳ԰ף֪Լ߻ħ˵ģû뵽һʱ˵㣬֮ǰһܸӦǳ֮ҪĹͷ߻ħˣ
˵̫֮߻ħҲ㲻⣡
һߣ
˹˵
Ҳǵͷϴΰ˹߻ħЩ˵ΪǳǿȻԼǳսӣҪ֪еЩǳǿ߶ǿǿҩˮģ㲻Ҫ̫ģ
ȷҼɣ̫뽫ƿͻƣħʧأ
˹΢΢̾һ㣬ֹ˵ȺúϢɣѹҪ̫ˣ
˷ţ˹ҡҡͷôųΪǳǿߣҪôѵⱲӶֻ𣿡
㣬ѵ㱣㣬Ӧõô
ҿɲҪ˵ıҲ
Һͽ㹲һ壬ҵȻ֪ʲô¶·Ϊ׸ô
ԶŻˣǱˣǲŹģǳǿߣʱҪҲѣǿΪնȻᱻסģ
㶼˵ôѹضѾˣΪʲôҪһûأļٴ߻ħԪǵʱѰ˰ɣ
ǰģ֪Ӧ壬Ҳʡôķˣ
㣬˵㱾Խҵ곹ģûȻǺ֮УѾܿˣҶϣҸȥ
Ҹ֣ҵֻӵǿʵŻ֣ܿڣһܵģ
˹˵ȻҲܺͽ߻ħˣ

˻ء
ʮǳǿ߶רѵάüǿ߳ƺţԼǳǿߵ쵼ߣһֱָ˵ѵ
мȻĲɡ
Ǽô£ȻǳǿߣǺӵǿĴڣǲѵĻǵʵᵹˣǸʱ򣬳һὫģ
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ܲˣ
άȵΪǴģʲôܲ˵ģ١ǺֲļһȻǽлᱨѩ޵ģ
ߣά˵Ĳշʱǵ˵ĻȻлץסǡ١Ǳ𣡡
˵
žžž
һĹ
˵ǵ״̬ܺã١ɱǵ飬ҺźΪǵĳ٣ûֹһеı緢άǸɵһԶŻˣǵĻس׻ˣ˵ֵã£Ѿ鱨ȥ׷顮١䣬ҿģԻὫ١ҵðǵѪ
٣ҲһὫ١ɱԶŻ˳ʧǺ֮У

鱨š
ī˹ȲŵĳԱΪ׷顮١ۡ
ī˹ûзʲôڲŵǻһˣµȴŷ
鱨֮ǰṩԶŻλĻλô鱨Ҳǲī˹Ĵûнڻ˵Ϊī˹⡣
칫
鶼Ѿˣ
һ˵ԶŻ˵λôһܵͼʧȻǾϵī˹᷸ģǼ̽ⷢ˹ʧ֮ǰī˹Ӵ
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˵˹Ȼʧˣ˶ǱǴȥˣֻ˹ǾԲᱳ˵ģضǱɱˣ
޺˹Ľ飬˹ΪˣҲһֱڵ顣
Ҳ˹ǱѴ˵ˣ˹ʧǰһֱھĵĵһ鱨ʱҼǵʲôûж˵ֻǸǺһйأ
˵û뵽û죬ʧˣ
˵˹Ǹī˹ī˹ֺǿ϶Źģ
ī˹ɱ˹ô
ʵ
ü˹Ҷѣī˹ѵõ鱨ţ˵ʵʧȥ˭Ҷź˹ʧ٣ƱҪΪֻعī˹ΪҲҶʧȥΣҾԶŻеļϸ
ǻûʵԵ֤ݣô
ī˹鱨֣ԱһҪǿôܻʵԵ֤ݣ
˵˵ֻҪǷ˶ͼıˣҪ֤ݣҲҪƲ
˵ѾҪ򳤹ٻ㱨ô
˶һԥĿޡ
ȻǺ˹ĹϵҪī˹Ҫ̫࣬˵ī˹ͽʵϵȷûκʵԵ֤ݡ
һжǼԵģҪͶī˹ĻȻ᲻ڣңī˹ͽҲȻεġ
ìܲѣһҪΪ˹壬һȴǲպΡ
ȴϬɴɱһ򣬲ܷһˣ


2028 
֪ī˹ץεʱ˶һ£˹˵ǿµȻû˵ʲô϶ҵʲô֤ݣĻôģ㣬Ӧô죿
ī˹ǷӦúʲô֤ݸģˣһΣǱ¶ݣҲҪȳ
˵
˹ҡͷҪǿоī˹
Ҫʵûа취ˣҲֻ
˵
Ҳģ
˹˵ȥΪڿԶԸôī˹Ҳ
ȱ𼱣һûоɣҪȥһˣ
˵
˹ͷСĵ㣡
ܿеΣǽɭĵطī˹ץǽɭġ
㣬ΣҪǿ򳤹ٸոطÿô
ҪķˣʲôܲܵģǶҵΪɵĻ򳤹٣
ȵ
ԥٴκȵҪǲģͱǰӦ֮ʵ࣡
ߣһὫ߿򳤹ٵģ
Ҳǲ㣬Ͼǳǿߡ
Ѻī˹ĵطһ㼫ǿĽ磬ÿռеĿϡī˹ڷ䵱ҲǺѣһֳͷ
㽫Ƴī˹Ҳ˸Сƣƽǽϵļȫˡ
ˣǿ˵ˣ
˵
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Ϊ׾ܼ㣿ī˹֪˭ٱô
Ӧ鱨ŵĲްɣ
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ī˹ͻȻЦЦ˵ʵڵģôңѾоˣֻǿԺҶٰˣ㣬ԸԶŻ¸
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Σ㶼Ὣȳʱ䲻ˣȳȥ
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ī˹֪ԸԼȴǼΪģϾѾؽΣȴֻһͰ˹ǣȻҲҪ
뿪Σֱңʱ֮ǰεҲǴѾСˣҲĺܣٷߡ
ңڵȴһ㣬۾˵֪֪㲻Ҳ˽ץģ
ΪôΣ
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ΪʲôҪī˹
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ȵ̬Ⱥͳ˵ô㰡㣬ҿ㣬û뵽㾹ȻΪһͽҵľ
ǳó֤Ȼаɣ¸ûа֤ݣȴī˹Σ򱧲ƽ
˵
򱧲ƽ㣬ͽƾ˽ҾԻɱģ
ŭûʵԵ֤ݣī˹εУ
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ûΪʲôǴ˾ԲһʧȥεļһίΣ
˵һû뵽ôȥī˹治Ӧͬصܲ쿪ʼ͸ҴڻصУûҵķԸ뿪ذ벽
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ȵ
һ㣬ҲЩɻ󣺡ѵйأ
ͷ뿪֮󣬰˹Ѿеļˣī˹ߣֻ뿪ܲˣ

ŭһ˹ΪʲôҲҪī˹㣬ǵΪʲôҪ
ȫû뵽ᷢ飬Ⱜ˹ȻǲԼ¶ԲŶԽī˹ߣĻ׷ɱľǰ˹Ȼøˡ
˵ī˹ĹϵҲī˹вŻģ
⣿Ҳ⣡
ȵҲⰬ˹ī˹ûһǳսӳҪǴ˵ʬ׻صܲ
һԵĿ˵٣ĻҲ޵ûйĻĻ
˵ȥҵҪжԸǣ
˵
ŵòҳˣȷ㣬ٶ˵һ䣬һεĺܾܿˡ
㣬˵ʬ׻֮ǰ͸δŰɣ
ȵ

仯̫죬û뵽Լû취ī˹ԼǱؽˡ
ڰ˹Ѿī˹ߣǳսӳǶʱڻǺƿ˵ٵġ
ϥڵϣҲ֪º˼ʲôҲܰ˹ī˹ɴչϾܹǿʵ
ʱ˫ۣɢɫâ˿ȥɷͲе̷
а˹ī˹ȳȥٶʱڱס˵İȫȻҪסҵݣ£ȻܶǲܲˣһҪ뿪Σ
úܣǾԲŹ˹ī˹ģǻǱڴУҲǺģ˻صλͱǻϲȷѡΪ˹ī˹пȥĵطλ档
ǰ˹ī˹ӳȥ֮Ҳǽ䱸ɭϣԼǿ뿪ĻȻΪɲ⣬ȻûмֹܹܵĳԼǿ֣ҪӲƴ㻹ûʤ㡣
ԾҪΣҲҪ÷ӲС
ʱѵȴ˹üͷϴſЦݣ㣬㲻Ǻܿǰѵôأī˹뿪ˣȴǽˣҵݱǿܺī˹ģڱɿˣеıǶԸ˵ֻҪ˦ϣͻܵʹ
㿴ǰˣúЦô㲻֪ǳǿߵʵ
һ˿ȣû뵽ǱҲôаĽе˦˳ȥ


2029
еǾԲܳܵס˺ģ
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ǰһĻȴ㾹ȻһץֱץУȻһǷײ˳ȥ
˵ûв´Ļﻹδعǳǿ߰ɣֲĽҵʵҪζ̣ߺߣô
һ˦žһؿڴ
ʹ
ڵʹ˵

һ
ŵøϽ뿪Ρ

λ档
ˡظոսã˹ī˹ҲЩĪЩǱģһʱǸозش⣺˹أôûкһ
ܸӣī˹ΣҲκ飬Խī˹
˹˵㻹ܼǱڴУң»ûܳΪǳǿߣǼڴҲǺô
ûī˹ΣΪʲô
ī˹ҲǽԼ˵һ߱ߵͷû뵽ǻǱ¶ˣصλҲֻʱ⣡
ī˹ҡҡͷ¶ţİ˹㴦Σڰ˹ҴߣǶѾΪ˵ͨ³Ҳ󣡡
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˹˵
ī˹˵㵱ʱǿнҴߣԭӦøģĺֻҪһ㲻ԾĵطԻԸ㣡
ˣҲģ
ΪˣһֽҲһֽˣ
ī˹˵
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˵˹ڲö룬Թôһδͷǻش£һ˳ȥ̽Ϣģ

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Ѿ㱻Ѻεĵ죬쵱гɧŹһ֮⣬ûκ
Ҳε죬վ˸һĹâаѾˣŴӦûûҳ˵䣬ھҪǰλǻϡ
еĽ˵ôǳ֮ͷųȥױǽƣҲǵŲ߳Ρ
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ʱһȴǴ㣬ұΪϵܹû뵽ȻһУ⼸飬նɱ㣡
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Ц㲻ǳǿ߶ѣΪǺӵо˿ɵô
ϵڷƮĵһ޴֮ŷ֮ƺڵȫ
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ȵ
֮쳣ǿȫͷųǳ֮аʵȻˣҪѳȥʩչС
ڵǳ֮ۿҪȫȫסҲɢһҫ۵ɫâ
򿴼Ϲ⣬Ҳ˵طǳҶʲô㣬˵ҪٵţһЩ᲻ãһУҵģ
ĵ̺һƻȥ
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Ƶʹÿһȫλã򣬸ոǱľ޴ÿش
ΪԼһ㶨ȻҪܵشû뵽ǣȻӹһơ
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˵
ʩչķȻױܿⲢӱȨȻƿڿС
ԷûʩչȫҪԵʩչȫĿ
УҪЩսٻˣĻҸ޷Ը
㰵
ʵ̫࣬ǽѪ񵶰γҲ޷Ըܹȳȥֻսޡ
㽫һ˳Ҳ˵㣬ѵʲôɣҪ֪Σ㶼ܴ뿪ģİɣ
ߣҵܲ뿪˵㣡
ȵ
ʱܵУһ޴ĹӰ֣Ӱ֮ʱ涼Σ˸ڿǾȣʲôôô
𣡡
ս֮ޱҵ˻֮
Ѿ֪жûнսٻˣʱսҲҪǰĿɱ
սޣԶŻ˵ıޣ㣬ôԽٻ
ߣǽĿĲɱ뿪
һԾս֮޵ıϡ
ս֮ҲǺХһȥ
Ҫӣܵģ
ȴǺȵлһǿֱӻսޣս޺мȴûȻС
˿սѾԶԶʵ٣Ϊ㲻׷ɱȥ
뿴ǽҪʲôսѾش֪ͨ鱨ţ׷ǵ䣡
˵


2030 
ܲС
ѾټȫĺĳԱԼλ٣ϴصı飬˵ԭΪѴ˵ֻа˹ī˹ˣû뵽Ϊӵ㶼ȥսٻԶŻ˵ػޣ㿴ԶŻ˵ļϸ
٣Ľսٻô
кĳԱ˵
ĿãսѾشֻҪҵǺ֮еĲ֮ҷһҪʬΣ
˵
˵ҵ֮ǰάҴ棬˵ǡ١ĳֽ޵ɱڿºϾٻսޣ
һɻ
ͷԶŻ˵ļϸôܻὫԶŻɱأһʲôģھͷػأ
뿪֮ǰҲĳԱ֮ǰǶæڿʼѾǺͨˣǴ˻᲻һд۽ɱҪסǴ˵ĳˣ
ȵ
ǣ٣
ЩĳԱȻ϶ͷӦȴǶɻΪʲôͻȻԶŻ˵ļϸ⵽ô£ѵԺ󿴼ҪôϾҪǷĻЩһλܾܿҪˡ
ɭԶŻ飬ȻҲæȻǲɫõĶࡣ
صأһǽά˳еķŭԱĽٻս޵˵˳άŵɫ԰ף֧֧˵٣ңû뵽ԶŻ˵ļϸʱҸϵλʱѾԶŻ˵ĻرٵˣЩԶŻҲɱ
Ȼ٣ҳΪŻ˵ǡ١ĳֽɱĻģҡҸ󳤹ˡ
ԭһжǻԣ˶ˣתʲôԶŻ˵Ļر٣ǼٵģĶһκĳԱλʧҲ㶯ֽţСӣصĿģ
ŭ
άڵϣҿ¿Ǩŭһ̣ŭάᣬǲ̰ĻԭԭĸңӲˣߺߣҾϲǳǿߣҪ㻹Ǿһӵģ
٣Ҫɱңұ֤Ժ󡭡
ȥ
䣡
һƻάͷ򵱳

սڰ·;УѾܵս޵ڷɿš
ǿһֱӻս޵ǿʹ뿪˵ģ¾λ滹һβСľ룬Ҫս޵ƻָ
ŷеս޵İֱǰλͷ
սƼأǲҸطˣȻ
ȽսջУһܿԼλ档
ûüͷʶλϵϾλ֮󣬲ŷλʵ̫ˡ
ǳУλеĳüӲĽƳɣǻƽǰλƺΪͨĲϣضǡ
ееľ͸ΪˣЩǻˣҲɽƳɣжȴǼΪһԿŶò˼顣
һ˳˹дһ˿ηʸǴĸλǽλкιأ
λϵĽ˵ԾȻ͵ϵͨƣܹ
Ҫ֪ڵϣʼ˵Ǳ١ֳɹͺڰ磬ҡ١ϲÿλ棬ѵλҲģ
ȻҲû̫࣬Ҳͨ˵λ棡
ô˵ǱصĻأλ
ָһ򣺡ԶֻΪϢƬ̣
ЩȻ϶ϹϾȴǶΪȻҲûλʲôֻΪ˰ս˶ѡ
ǽƺҪЩʲôת֮䣬ʧǰ
أ⣬ɱְɣұͨ£
ʮֽųĽȥ
нֵԶвٽ˿һЩƷ꣬ƷһЩƳɵ߽Щ棬Ȼᱻ˵ǻ۷ЩƳɵΩΩФÿһڷڵϣȻҪǹš
˽ʵ治ٽͷҲûǣֱӳȥ
£ڳзһĹˣӦǴλΪ˵ãҵļϸ
ϸϸģУҪסǰ׽ҪȹҵӣȥҲԹ޻ڣ
£һ֮ûӣ
˵Ͻеĵһǿ׵ıڤȭλϣ˿ɽ⣬ЩѾȥϵǿˣǶ޲ߣΡ
ʲôңһô
׽ı±ŭ˵УҪǾȲ˹׼ΪŮᣡ
£⡭

ҵһյأڳǽԶս޵ʵ̫ӴڳенٻȻҪŵеĽˡ
սޱٻ֫޷֧һ㣬ȥ﷢ء㿴ս޵ıһ˿ڣ˿ںܴȻʱֹסѪ˿ڿȥȴʱпܱ
ͷŷ׭ȫעս޵˿֮УƻͻսȻС
ʵ̫ǿǷ׭ս޵ƣֻʱʹ࣡
㰵޺˵ṹͬ÷׭޷ǵĻֻҩˣλϣϵȵҩģ
ݺ磬ȻҲǶõҩβˣ޷÷׭սޣҲҪҵһЩҩҩսޡ
пռ̫Сս޻ָƣֻȴˣ
ս޵ڵϵԴս޷ƺǲ뿪㡣
ڸһ磬˵磬λϵǿ޷ӽģģҵҩģ㣬֤Ժͣ
ȷ⸽ȷˣҲ뿪⽼⣬֮ǰȻλĳеУǱϾûôֵԣ֪ǷҪҩġ
ûеĻҪͷʶѰҡ
½븽ĳУĽȻ㶼е֣ǲ֮ǰǸһʶ˹ע㵹νֵиҶдšҩҲЦΪЩǲģҲ


2031 ҽʦ
߽ҩҩϰȻҲǸˣҩȥûʲôˣ壬ȻǽˣǺ飺λҪʲôʲôҩĶУұǱ͵ġƽ֡˫ֲ֪˶Σǿߣ
ˬʵЦˣҲ˵ֻϧûҪҩģ
ϰҪߣҲǵǰλȷҪҩûôⲻܰҩġ
ȻԸϲȥ
ʱȴĿ֮ǰʹһ˼Ҵҵ˽㿴һۣûɺϣȻһ
λֵܿҩҩģ
Ȼϵ㡣
ͷûҪҩģ
ֻһСҩˣֵҪʲôҩģֻҪȥһ˻ʵӦоУ
ʵ
׽ЦƾʲôңϾҲ죡
һμ㣬ұΪϽļϸϸ룬ǼϸĻȥٹĳٿҩֻ꣬ҩĵģ
˵ǰ׽ҩĵҪĶ࣬ŻʵлҪҩģ
û뵽㻹ң
˵
дпһ˿ɱ⣬һǹ㣬ֻɿҩѣǷó㲢ǳ֮Ҳ㣬ⱻסҲǸȷʿ
˵ȥʵϣոյĻģ
㻹ûȤλɱˣϾĹ۲λֻǸмλˣĸִҲֻλ漶ˮƽ˵ǴеκһԱﶼǳưԵĴڡ
нʵҲǸ죬Ϊ˴ʵݣһֱںŽλϵ飬ȻҲ˽λ档
ȷǸȽλ棬λȫǽˣЩ˵ò⣬ϿȫɽɵģʵһĽ𲭡
λż׽ϽҲǾǼҵ
Ͻ㵹ǰڵϿNBAʱ⣬ʱϲӱɼ˶ӣʱϽҲ˿ɵ
ԹʵУһȥϵĽ˺ȵУ취ҽҽŮǸʲôô
£λֵʿа취¹
֮ǰҲ˵׽ĹϽǿˣشӣ׽ûҽҽι
ҲǳӦҵҩʵҲǿ㲢ǳ֮ϣܹϾѾڣŮˣҲǻ˵ġ
Ŀľҵս޵ҩģ̹ףҲǴӦæ
ʲôܾŮ
׽һɣϾЩ죬Ůҽնҡͷ뿪λϵƢҲѾòˡ
һûмҴƱ
˵
Ȼмλ棬Ҳ˵Լ¶ûоԣϵŮҪҲû취ġ
ã⼸ЩҽռͺҴǰιѹ֢ն޹Һ޲ýǵԴһΣǷɹҶ㣡
㵹ǿ׽ϣϾŮУϧҶ˼ܵشԼҲ޷˵ȥ뾡취ǵġ
ķʵԶ˺ܿϵ䵱дǶȥ׵ıڤȭǻḯʴҵ壬ȻǸʴߵһУҲǣ
ȻȴҲΡ
ǹ
˵
ͷʱѾŴ򿪣ϹЦݣŮⱱڤȭȻҲ˿Ƶģҽ͸ȫλǿҽһὫõģ
֮ϣ㲢ûп⹫һֱڱӵУԴ¶ȻǺ
Ů֪ӣͰ˼ȫڹҴϣΪҲˣ
а취㣬һΰɣ
һδεʧλ׶ԼɥʧģһԣȻǲΡ
㿴ǽɫҲ˵ǶԼûĵĻǽҽκΣȻӰ־壡
˵ʲô

ҵ˼ǣǺӵкܶ˶ŬţΪʲôҪ׷ԼҪ֪ϣ˻ڵԺТ˳ǹ¶ŵģ
˵
а취ôеĿǱڤȭλĹ򣡡
ܣ
˵
϶һϲ㣬㣬ܾŮ

ͷ˵Ů㰡
ӵУһӰܿ˳ֵǣŮ˵Ǻ͵ϵŮ˳û
˵ǰλǷڵȣҲǲŮɫܺá
моȣҲ˵ϵĽ𲭶ǿ˺ģǱϾǽλ棬ԳһЩòŮӻὫ˺˶ģϾǲаȫУ

Щ
İ죬λ͵ϵʵûаֻЩһнÿһǾ͸Ͻ𲭣Щ𲭵ȷкǿķǴһεס
һ㣬ҲЩԤϣΪӦǸļһû뵽Ȼôᣬһ㣬˧ӡ
Ͼǹûʧڣɫ΢Щ԰ף˵ҽʦ֪Ҫҽأ
ıһȭȭݶڶѾɢܣҪڵĶȫƳ
˵
ⱱڤȭĶȫƳжôǿΪ
϶һ𾪡
ǲѣ
ҡҡͷ
ȷ⹫Ʋ̫أֻⶾѾɢһǿǺѽⶾƳġ
㲻ͬӵз׭Ȼ޷սޣҪǰŮˣ׾١

Ϻ˶ˣû뵽㾹Ȼ˵⿪ⱱڤȭĶһ㶼ѣҪ֪ǽλϵĵһǿߣһɲԼԼģǿ߶ϵġ
˵ƽⱱڤȭ˵ԼҪ׶Ҫǿ̫ࣿ
㿴˾ȱ飬ҲԼЩˣ̫ˡ
ҽʦȻ˵Ҿͷҽˣո˵ĲҪŬȥΪҵĸ
зŹ˵
ߵĻ


2032 
ȻڹУǸرˣȥ˧һֶصʣùո˵Ļ
һ㣬׽ıҲǿУаŮҵĻţû뵽ȴԣκٻĻһҪڻʵҪųΪҵŮ
û뵽ûг־ȹѾһһˣ⹫ʵϲ̫أֻ˹֮λϸ˿ɵԲûǿܹӹڲƳ
㽫׭ͷųȥûбۣ˫鶯һֱ㿴żƺٿᡣ
пЩѾӹð˵ѵǱڤȭɵĶ
ЩѾҪʴ࣬þμʱֻҪҽⶾȫƳûдˣ
˵
ܿ죬㽫ڵĶȫƳ׭Ҳ˵ˣ´ˣɫ԰ףⶾ֣Ӧûûгʲôɣ
θ˵ѾûԶˣҵʱΪ
죬пȥóʦЩԵĹ
ǣ£
еͷͳȥ
ٻҵŮѾû̫ˣǳʲô⣬ôԵĸ󣡡
㻹ɱҪһ
㣬治֪θлҵŮҪʲôֻҪܼģһӦ
׽ıԭʣŮǽٻ
˵ʱѾ˵ˣֻҪζҩģ
ҩģ̫ˣʵҩģ˵ǼζҩģҪǰ׽ȫҩģҲ㣡
һǲ֮ˣôܻҪôҩأ
ٻЦ۾һֱû뿪㣬ȻԾ˺ǳݡ
ʦʳ֮ҲǽҩУ㣬ҾţʲôҪĻٺң

Ҳǵͷ
ŷвûƭ㣬ȷżҩģȴüֻҪζҩģݣˮɻһζҩȴҲ
ҩĲ̫ϡ䣬ÿλ϶Ӧеģҩںһ𣬲а취ս޵ơ
ֻζҩģȻЩʧ
ǰ׽еҩﶼûеĻ׽ûˣ
ҡҡͷ
ôˣѵҲҪҩô
һᣡ
˵
ɻҶҩҲ̫˽⣬Ҫǰ׽ûеĻҲֻϽпҪҩˣϾǺһǽλϵĴ
Ͻ
ȻҲֻйȥһˣ
˸մҩ뿪ǸоЩ̫Ծ˵ܻΣգǱ˻ʵ
ʲô
лûзӦǷѾʧˡ

䵱С
ʺǴȰŮٻԣٻӣҲ˵ŮЩӶ飬ʻǰ׽һֱЩӣΣȴǿó˼ϣûпأ
ЩȻϲңǶֻҪǰ׽ˣҿɲ޹ȥ۸
ٻ˵ȷʵӣŮ޸ô
ѵٻУֻһŮҸȨĸôֻҪϲ˵㣬ǳеƽգҶ޸һҲ˺ܶ࣬ƽƽʵİ
˵οΪǿҲ޸ܰ
Уٻ޸ˣȻõѡ񣬵Ҳ㼫أǸ߼λϵǿߣǿ߻ڽλϹһô
ôŮôûأ
ٻҡҡͷ˵ҾͲûϲң
ǸŮ˼岻ѡȻһûļһһҪٻίԼǼһ뿴˭ٻǣҶǵأ
һ
Ӱǰʺȵף㽫ŮˣڻҳѵĲô

ߺߣҵǺ֪˭ŮõģԭǱɵģ
׺ȵȻҲΪ˽
Ͻһɱ֣Ҳɱͻ᳹붯Ϊӻùôʱǿ֣Ͻػ٣
˵
һ˿ԥ֮ɫȻʵĻɵǹ˼ӣɫȴǻָɭ˵ǱǸҽӵǽɱΪ˵´ңֻҪʤ
ӣһȺӣӾȻֻҪɱңҵŮո㲻ҪԸô
Ȼǽλ湫ϵĵһǿߣھԼǰҪɱԼ練ƣֻҪסŮ㹻ˡ
ȻԣŮôƯҵʱڴһˣһΣҪȼɱƷζƷζŮ˵ζ
ޣ
ٻȵ
ɣԽףڴҾͻԽͣұ֤ᰮҵģٻ
˷Ц
ʱȴû뵽Ӵ⣬һ鲻ȴǳֱס͡
Ǿȣ֮˳۾ɴ󣬵Ȼһ˫ɫӣֻоʹŻȴŻ
˭˭ϷŪӣȻһ˫ңǻˣ

ʸŮϵҲĪȻô¡
һӰܿӴֽվٻԣٻ˵磬û뵽㣡
㣡
ҲǼո׽û˭ܶԸף֣һ˭˵ûܶԸף㲻һողŽٻĶƳܹԸס
Сӣ˵㣿ֻһԶô
ŭ
ֻǸոնһЩݣҾóסͣ
˵
ȻŭҲ޶֮ˣܹڴ⽫ô׼ȻΪǿʶʵٻҲµģ
治֪ôɱ֣ȻôĹԸһ޸֮Ůˣʹȥܿģô
ʵߵľСˣȻɱ֣ͲӦ˶񶾵ȥͷһŮӣȻ֤Ѿȫɥʧ֪ҩɾȣ
ҵòܣΪٻܹԸңҪ֪Ҳǽλϵĵһǿߣҵ˫մѪǶʬˣ
ŭ


2033 ȡ㹷
ԽԽԵķ飬Ͼ˱ӦҩɾȵٻȻ˵ӵб׻Ҫǿʵ
ҩɾȣλɱˣΪ㣬ˣ
ȵ
׻ûʶԼڽҪ˵Щʲôһֱ̣ӱƺɳȥøϵٻķ䣬˵׷ʲôˣô
㣬׵ȥˣ᲻
ʵ
ҡҡͷУȥԺܼһ棡

һϽȥȻܹԺӵеľ£Ⱥ֮ˣˣ
㣬ˣûٵвŮİȫˣһΣ治֪αźã
˵
ʿһٻҲ֪ʽҪ˵ʲôֱ˵ұͲλ棬ֻΪҵҩľҵһλֵܡҽˣ뿪
ٻʧ֮ɫҲҺøû˵Լ޸ĻĻٱܾȻҪԼġ
ʵͷҲǿȻˣ㣬ҾףԸֵܣȻԺʲôʱʱӭصλ棬ǰ׽ԶΪϱ
㿴ó飬ǾԼԺˣٻȻƯȴֻսޣңϵķծʵ̫࣬Ĳһٻ
صǽ㿴սѾľ֣ЩȻηսޣǶɽսӹȥ
սȴƣЩƽϣֻһֱſڵϣ
ֵʱս޲̧ͷЩȵСӣ޻˵ģɲҪȥ˲¹ͷģ
ߣԸսޣɼԸǣ
ȵ
⡭ڵȴʱҪȫԵ
ƨ
ƿڴ룬ЩҲûʲôüƽϵģ˵˺ǵģ죬ͻ뿪Ƕɢ˰ɣ
ֵˣѵͲǹ𣿡
ˣǻǲҪɣԺ󿴼ǹƵбǣû׼ԸأĻ壬˹ǶҪȫѹģ

ҡҡͷ̾˿Ϊ˾ңһŻ䵽Щ۸ĵز˵һ治Ǹϸأ
أ
ս޵ö˼㲻Ҫѹ˺ЩŲǵġ
һһζҩģȵҵᣬƱȫָˣʱȥλ棬ԶŻ˵Ļأ
أ
սһʧڳǽû뵽ǣʧ˲䣬ǽһİǿߡ
һˣȫŰɫףϬһ˵Ѿ뿪Ҫҩľսޣ
˶ſƼԺзĹս£Ϊ޷ӦǵĴڣȽս޴ػأһ㣡
˶ͷǺܿսԣս޸Ӧ˵ĴڣҲضɽҡǽڲ
ߺߣձս˳һƣȻܱôֲǽסһͳ׶ˣ
˳֣ʮסսޣƾ޷
ǿߣССӸӦʱѰˣ
ս޳ס޵ҲѸСֻǺһֻͨϻ˶ս޴ߡ
ҹĻʱصǽѾϽҵᣬҩļ룬ԭҪս޵ãû뵽ս޵ӰѾʧڳǽ
ô£ҾȻ޷Ӧս޵Ϣ׷ʲô
Щ벻ѵǳǿֹ߳ôǣ˭һĽս޴ߣֻǣǵִλĻӦģ
㽫ʶȫͷųȥλ涼ӦǳǿߵϢȷǴеǳǿ߸ɵģû뵽Щǳǿ߾ȻܽϢصô
սѾǴߣӦúȥδӣ
Щ
ԭļƻǽսȻٻصλģսޱץߣ֪ӦȷػսޣȻصλͱǻϣ
㣬û뵽Ҳ˾ᣬҪ֪ҵӡпһǳסСӣһΣĲ±ˣ
һ
ͨܿӰʧ˵֮ϾȻŹףҲ֮ڳǽԶ
Ǹɵģ·ӦܹǵϢѹ֪Ľս޴ߣ
˵
㣬ֲó֮ǰأȻǻ۹ˣֻϧϹۣû뵽㾹ȻԶŻ˵ļϸߺߣǼϸҲãó֪˭ֵεˣ
ǳǿ˵
ôҵ뿪дչȭ֮أ
˵
㣬㲻֪ǳѾеĺĳԱȫעǿҩӶԿЩԶŻˣʱػϰǳǿߣҲ֪ǻôǣ
۾Уû뵽ȻôֱʣеĺĳԱΪǳǿߣһǿҩͻųǾԸزôǳǿߵǿҩ
ˣϻ˵ˣ㣬սѾУ㽫ԶŻ˵Ļ˵ǻĺÿģĻߺߣҷսһ
ʲô֣
ڻҵ֣ǿЦҵĴǵ棬콫صĵַ˵
ȵ
סڣ
˵꣬гһɫɫâգڿɫսһ㣬˵ҫۡ
Ҳû뵽㾹ȻҪԼ֣ǰĹ⣬ΪûԼǿģɱޣȻ˼ƣĻܵóѡ
Ȼеɫǡ١ľѪ񵶣ǵҲûκη壬ΪܹԼ
ɣ㣬ұ֤첻Ὣɱһĥ㣬Ȼػأߺߣ
Ȼ͡
ͷǳ֮ײϢӼǿķ泯ſзȥ˫ȭбŷֲܹƿһ㣬涼̲ס˻һ
ֻϧҪȡ㹷
Ѫ񵶻裬ǿŷŭܻս䡣
ıڤĻ
ͫױܵĳĿֲв˵Ҳɱң


2034 Ѫ
ڤĻѪ񵶱ͲǵֵܵסģʹȻǾ޴û
˱ڤĻճɻҽ
ɻԭһӻػأҪ֪ԶŻ˵ĻأΣ
˵սޱ˵סھǷشҲǾԾȳս޵ģȥλ棬ս޵İ취
ܿ뿪λ棬Ϊҩսƣû뵽ǳǿȴѾϵλ棬֪Ľս޴ߣǵĿ֪ԶŻ˵Ĳ֮
ˣջǸ۵ģ
㰵ȭ

˻ء
ǳǿ߽ս޴˻أڱסս޵ͱСǴ˿̣ս˫﷢ͺ
ߺߣ˻أֻǺôӣ˻𣿡
һǳǿЦ
սɵͺȻƺأûηЩǳǿߡ
ˣȿ򳤹ٹ㣬㣬Ҳʲô³ģ
ܿ죬Ӱڻأǰֻشսޣ΢΢ҡͷ˻ǳҵԤϣû뵽ɱˣҲʲôöԸ㱻˻أҲԸԷ㣬ˣ㻹Ը

սŭȻǶԿĲ
٣ôôܣΪӦ֮ϲŶ԰
һǳǿЩ˵
˵оԺΪǼףܹǵϢܽʵܷоԺеĵԳ򣬶ĹѾȫ飬޷ܵˣ㣬û˭ڽλ潫ɱ
ʵȻ̶ֲֳȣѹλܹɱǣˣ
ǳǿ˵٣սڻҲûκôǽɱ˰ɣ
ɱˣ
ҡҡͷС壬ǾԻս޵ģҪҽսչ˺ϵҲҪȫ
ʲô٣ľô
лҵȨô
ȵ
ת뿪Ѻս޵ķ䣬оԺƼԱǹ˵٣
˵ҪʵеǸƻǰˣ
٣Щ춼ڼӽǿҩҲ֪ǿҩٶһֱǺܿ죬ԣҪеĺĳԱΪǳǿߣ¾Ŀǰǲֿдŵǿҩ㹻ǼʱգƵǿҩվ㲻ôλǳǿߵ󣡡
ǴɷģԶŻûеôСǻǽһЩʵǳǿȫ̭
٣˼ЩĳԱ޹ؽҪô
Ǵ󲿷λ汾ӦȥСӽǾ˳һΣһԸԶŻˣǵֵõģ
˵
ǼƼԱҲǵͷĻܹ֤ǿҩģ

λ档
ԭѪ˾סĵط˼壬ɫѪǴǴҺ񣬲λǿ߶ϲץѪȥ͹
֮ǰɭλ棬˹λҳԱǴ˴ȥ䵱͹촫ͻء
ʱôˮһأˮλĻңһˮ㹻һͨ˻һµġ
㹻ΣϰԶŻ˶УûйӶκһѪˣϾ˭Żػعȥ
ԺӵУ˶ɹ̫ǻļ䵱ǰǺ֮еһЩʽ
˹ī˹һֱΪ㵣ţ˼ûˡ
ī˹ⶼȥˣǻûİϢҲ֪ڴоôˣ
˹ǡ
ī˹ЦԭҶʮģÿ춼ҪҼϢҲİȫˣѾɳȥѰ鱨ˣŻϢģ
ͺˣɳ鱨ԱѾϢˣ
ϵԺӵУҡҡͷ˵ֻϧֻ㱻ؽΣ
ؽΣ
˶죺ȻΪӵǨŭ㣬ڿҽȳȷǻ˴¡
Ӧֻǳͽѣ㣬ӵĺܣ׶Ըģ
ī˹˵οûķ֤ݡ
㲻µģһᣡ
˹ҲǵͷȻûаɵɫˣûµĻôܽؽΡ
ǺҲ²Ҳͽ޹ģһ˵飬İȫұǻҪļʲôʧĻǾԲŹģ
˵£ԶŻ˵ĻȻλ棬λϻżмĵ⣡
˼ףԶŻ˲λ¶棬Դ˽ܵ鱨ϵͳһҺͰ˹ȥǼô
ī˹˵
ͷΪ˻صİȫ룬Ҳֻܰλˣ
û⣬Ǽϸҿһ£ҺͰ˹Ὣģ
ܿ죬ī˹õλϸϡ
ȣԶŻˮµĻԭСɭ֯ﱾӵѪˣҲλϵһ
ȻѪ˴ºͣҺʵҲһȨıơ
ɭ֯һɢҪȨƣͼɭ֯ɢЩѪȫԼ
мȽϴͷĿˡɭ֯ƬأҪռΪУǳ׸ߡ
һǰ˹ī˹˵ǰҪģһǡӥ֯ǡ̩֯֯͡
֯ǶԻصƿȨ־ڱصá
ȻأƱػìܣԽ磬ĴҲλǳһطѪ̸С
˹ī˹Ѿ뿪أǶѪطȥ
Ȼﻹǵ㣬°˹Ҳ˵ʾǿҲֻλ漶ǿߣԸǣȻɽϾԶŻ˵飬ŷԵ·ˣ
Ҳڣȷ׾Ͱƽ飬ҪƿػƬطֻеȵ֮ǲлҵᣡ
ī˹˵
ܿ죬˶ִѪصⲿ˼壬λһΪˮ̶̶ˮԱŲٽѪص˴λһأֻΪܡ
ȥѪرλ湫ĲƲҪԱҲǾۻᡣ


2035
̸ʲôˣûʲôĻϽ뿪Ļݹ
мѪ˵סȥ·
˹ȴ˵Ҫ鱨̩ͨ֯͡ԣǵӣߺߣԹǱɣ
ǡ̩֯͡ˣ
ȻǲѪˣǶ֯Ĺ
ǼѪǵһ˵ѹ̩֡֯͡λڣԭĴ־ˣɷȥɣ
ǶΪī˹Ͱ˹ǡ̩֯͡ĳԱҲûˡ
˹㻹ǻǣô֪ǲǡ̩֯͡ĳԱ
ʾ̩֯͡ĳԱһ̫ӡǣǶûУȻĳԱ
˹˵
û뵽鱨ŵĳԱȻҪϸڶˣҴ鱨пȷľ񣡡
ī˹ԳЦ
Ϊ˹ᱻͷԣû뵽˹˼ܣҲǲѴ̸֮еĻҷ⡣
ⷿûκҲǳƺ˶ǳŲκӡ
ܺ
ɭ֯ɢȻԱıͼռݻسưλ棬ǡ̩֯͡ǾԲıóѵģǾͨԸǣǸϳλ棡
û뵽ŵĻȻǳ̩֯ͷĿһ
ī˹Ͱ˹š
ͷĿȻҪռΪУǸɶǵɭ֯ɢ֮λĵһ
ȻʹԷŷ۰춼ûһ¡
ǾǲһӣҪɭ֯ɢǰĻô
ΣһҪؾ͹֯Ҫ˭Ҳõأ
ߣȻˣһΨȽǽλ泹ҵĿ֮У
һŭ
ܿ죬жˣǶһһ׼õĴ֣ΪԤ̸ʧܣ⡣
Щֵĳ֣ҲλԶɵ
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ֻҪԹԵ˳صᣬһƱطһǻҪĻҷˣ
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Щֶ
ʱҲ˵ǴӦ㣬һɭ֯Ļأǵ̩֯ģ
˵ε̸Ҳͽˣ˷ʱ䣡
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˵λҲ̫ˣؾ֯
˹ī˹ҲǳڻС
һü˭ô֣
ЩҲǽ˹ī˹ΧסһɨһϰģȻ֯ļĴ֡
ǻڵĹߣƻ̸֮У
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һЦԭǽɭ֯ĻȻǴֱʣ̩ܿ֯ˣǻ֧һʼֵƵˮҹһأ
Ҫҹһص㣬һΪ֧ôֵƵˮǶܽǣ
˹˵һصסһЩǿ벻ĸ֣仰˵ֻ֪ͨǲҪɵͼأȻĻĺܲң
һŭƾˣвңߣ첻Ѫ⣬ǲ֪̩֯
ȷҪô
ī˹ȵ
һû뵽ī˹ƾȻֲȻһʱ֮Լ޷֮´ɱ˵
ī˹һԣһҺô֣Ϊ˰ռأ˱ɵֶζԸǣǻҪô
Ƕī˹Ͱ˹˺ǲҲ˵ǲҪƬˣֻҪܽǾȳȥ
ܺãֻʣ̩֯ˣԭǲģǶԸˣҲֻö˹õֶˣ
ī˹˵
һŭ˭Щ˲ɣϣȫɱסЩһһӣһܿҪΪصˣ
Щֻǳī˹˹ȥ
Ȼī˹ʵЩǰʵ̫ǿҪ֪ī˹˵Ҳ漶ǿߣЩֻλ漶ǿߡ
߸ûаɱԡ
ʮ룬Щֱ㶼ڵأʹధԼᱻī˹׻ܡ
˹˫ֶڷһһЦôողôأҪҪΪЩ±ѩޣ
λǿߣһû뵽סŵǿߣҪ֪ĻǸһٸҲǷһ·ƬؾҶҪˣ
һ˵
˿̵ģһֻܵŵһ㣬˿ᷳ
ԶϿ˵죬ˣӦ˳ˣ
Ƿģɭ֯ĻأΪ˳ưλ棬ǾģǵԲŰӰ죡
ī˹˵
Ҫ̲̩֯ҲްԥҵǾֻǵ֯ʺϳΪλİһȫǵģ
һ˵
˹ī˹һۣҲòע⣬û뵽̩֯ͷĿȻҪ˳ˡ
Ĺˣ˸ɾ
һ
˹ī˹Ȳѣ˹ǰͻȻֵһɫӰҲǼ˵㣡
ôˣ
ī˹Ҳ˵
ҡҡͷһѾոջ˵ؽ鷳һܲʵ·뿪֮Ὣ˵Ϣ¶ȥʱ鷳أ
ɱ
ī˹ûƬԥֱһƽûȫӦһɱ
ͷĿŵĻǶҲɱ
û뵽ǣ˺ܿʧڻС
˷ػأڻصУ㽫⼸췢ǣ˹˵ս޾ȻץסˣҪսвˣ
ʱս֣յϢҪеĺĳԱǳǿߣԸոڻҲŻǽǼһɱ
˵
Ҳһǳף˵Ϣ¶ȥЩǳǿ߾Ի㳲ʱλֻһѪȷ磬˵ʲôܱ¶ȥ
ī˹ͷ
˵㣬ȻսУӦŽİ취ɣ
û취ֻԼȥսޣ
Ц
˹ҡͷУ˵ʲôٻصˣĻԶزˣ


2036 
˹ʵټϻصڶǳǿߣǻȥضһ
ȴҡͷҿû˵ھȥ˾սޣ㹻նԸʱȻǸۣ
㣬ҾͷˣĻҵĹ۵Ͱ˹һģԲóȻȥսޣ
˵
ͷɳȥӦҵ鱨ӦûӰ˹ڵĶľ֣Ҳ棡
ʲô㣬˵ҪԸҸף
λûôֵܷģ㸸׽һͻƵ㣡
˵
뿪ôþȻû뵽һ㣬УҪȽҵȫӵλ棡
˹˵
˵ȱ嶯ӦлصĳԱˣȥֻὫصǳǿߴλ
ȷǻ棬ʱǻҵλ棡
˹˵
˵ؿһܹǳǿϢĹףǼףҶԾǵ䣬Ҫ뽫ľתƳѣ
ϢĹףҪǸף
ʲôʱһ˻ص棿
˵
㣿ҪȥҸףĻǻգ
һһȥ棬ܱ㣡
˵
ǣ㲻˵ǻôʱλǻᱩ¶ȥ
а취Ըǣ
ԭ˹Щǣ˵ⷬҲͷʲôʱȥ棡
ԽԽã
˵
㣬һҲҪȥˣĻЩǣҾڻذ鱨ɣ
ī˹˵
ͷסСģһҪλ棡
ˣ
˺ܿгȥǰ

ղ
Ĵ֮һľļľһֱϣüͷ΢壬Ϊʲôš
СôԴΪĳԱѾܾûϢˣ
һū˵
ľЦҾôһŮԭΪ˵׷ɱˣû뵽ǰʱȴͻȻǰҴСŰ˹ɳ뿪ҵߣȻ
СʱųΪеĺĳԱǶľҲǻҳԱȻ츳ҲԱѡνˣڣѾǴ˵ĺĳԱˣ˵ʵҶľΪе
ǣǰյϢСˣ
ūͽ˵
˵ʲôӣôܣҵŮôӴ˵ģڿʲôЦ
ģ϶ֻ֪ǲ㵣ģԲŲҸģ
ҽгȫټҪ˽⵽ô£
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ܿ죬һ϶վڶľǰ϶ٶЩ֮ɫľ㿴ϵı飬Ҳū˵Ļ붼ġ
Ǹң˹ûͽ
ľȵ
ǰǾ֪ˣСѾ뿪ˣҲɳǿȥ׷ɱС㡭
ˣҵŮôܻᵱͽһʲô飬һǵģ
ľ˵Ͼ˹СʱԸǳΪĳԱԸʵ֣ôֿӳء
ҲϣǲʲôᣬǴǱߣƺС޿⣡
ǶȥҰ˹䣬κ˺ǴҲУ
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Ȼ׾˶ľոһ˵û뵽Ƕľ㾹Ȼ죬ԸǴˣǲ֪Լʲô
ˣأǵãûҪľķԷ
Ѿˣ˹ӰӶûǲ֪Ⱜ˹᲻صľҪʵռƻľץߣ
ûа취İ취ԸⰬ˹ڶľҰɣĻ˳ϣ׾ҵԶŻ˵Ļˣ

Ͱ˹ϣǴŰ˹ص˳壬˼λ֮źͰ˹ľ塣
ոЩϻΪŮأ֪ҾͲسˣ
˹˵
㿴һۣЦǰڳʱ䣬ǽΪˣÿλص棬Ȱݷǣ㳤òǵȻϣҵŮѰ
˹΢죺ˣµģ˵Ҹ֪ұ˴ˣô룿
Ȼֻ㸸׼棬Ҹоǳ㣬ĶŮ飬Ӧǻߵģ
˵
ǸңҲԹ޻ڣϾԼѡ·
˹˵
·ϣԶһȴǱ˹ס쳤ϣôҴææҪȥ
С㣿ڻˣѾ֪ˣոջԸǳȥѰ䣬ڼе㣡
쳤Ͽ˹ϲ⡣
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쳤Ͽ˳żȥҲ̾治֪СôģΪʲôҪѴأˣСλˣҿɵ÷ϢĻϢ©Ƕľ嶼Σգ
Ͱ˹ľң˹һ۱ǿڿǻŵĶľ㣬˵ף
˹ˣͺãҵŮ
ľ֣ͬû뵽Ÿüλϳȥ̽˹Ϣ˹ǻˡ
ûз˹Ůؾ۵˼ҲǼʱ뿪˿
ڰ˹˵ȻǼΪҪģǸŮǱ˴˵Ψһ˭Բ˭
˵ǰ˹ʣҲľԻͰ˹һ뿪ġ
ΪĴ֮һĶľļΣûŮңȻǸ¶ˡ
ľҸǳǿֿ˻û뵽˹㾹ȻѾصľҡ
ֻҪ˾ҵԶŻ˵Ļء
ȻǴһˣȻڵ͵ȵˣ
ǼŰɣҲǸǵģҵˣУ
ʲôڰǲͻˣֲǵģ

ߺߣֲôû뵽ţ
һ£ǳǿȫɫһ䡣
ǿһӰ£֮ǰľе㣬˶ǸոմӺĳԱעǿҩˮΪǳǿߣǶ˵η壬嶼Щ
磬㣬ô֪
磿£УôǵģȻˣǾҪĻк󻼣
ҼǵˣǴ˵ĺĳԱû뵽ǿȻɥĲѾǱǳǿˣȻⱲӶǿҩˮʵһĥ
ҡҡͷ


2037 ɹת
ֻҪӵǿÿעǿҩΣԸ⣡
˶Ǳϴԡ
ЦȥǿҩĴңûûҹǿҩˮҲûô˵ģǲŸոճΪǳǿߣȵʱ䣬ǶҪǿҩˣ
ߣΪĹô㣬λȷжǣ£Ͱ˹Ǵ˵ĵˣǾԲնǵĶģҪɱ㣡
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ɱң
ЦҲǱϴԣһ·ڿ˶ҪҵУ
㣬˶ǳǿߣһ֮Կˣֱǳ˵Σ
ϣ㳹ʧǺӵУ
˶˹ȥ
ҡҡͷʵ̫ɣֻǸոעǿҩΪǳǿߣΪԼѾ޵ˣ
ǰǿǳǿߣɵǰˣû˿η塣
Ѫ񵶶ûаγгһĨɫ棬ڤĻڤĻ˱ŷ
˸оޱӴѹǻû뵽㾹ȻѾǿ̶ֳȣո˵ĻЩڶԿ㡣
飡
ڤĻըѿǳǿ߱ըڵϣгž
ǰǺĳԱķϣȻܷһ·ǻȥ֮󣬿᲻ŹǣͲ˵ˣ
ȵ
˶û뵽Źǣһʱ֮䣬Ȼסˡ

磡
˲֪ĺһʧǰ
ʱ˹ͶľҲ˹˹˵˶Ǵ˵ĳԱ
ѾעǿҩãǲҵĶ֣
˵
Ϊʲôɱǣλȥضᱩ¶棡
ҪϵĹױضĹܣҪö˵ȻΪ֪Ļ죡
˵
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ˣô֪ǵٵģ㲻˵ϵĹϢĹô
ЦľʵҸ׶صĵصҵǵģҲԼСİɣҪǣҲӦԣ
ľ㿴һЩŭ㣬ҵŮΪ㣬űѴˣ治֪Ǹʲôߣ
ףҶѾ˵ԼľǼڴˣҲһᱻϴԵģǰȻΪĳԱԴӽӴԶŻˣҷǰõʶȫǴģԶŻǲаˣ˲ӦöԸǣ
˹˵
ˣҵŮľΪףҶҪ֧㣬ھͽȫټԸ⣬͸ǰλ棬ǲԸ⣬Ҳǿ
ľ˵
ףǶľλǻõǰδõأ
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ľҲǵͷŮҸǰλ沢ΪҪ׳ľ壬ΪҶľһУ
˹Ǹж㶼ܰȾ
ľܿżл飬Сʱ֮󣬶ľĴ󲿷Ըľ뿪档
ֻһСҰļ˱ʾԸӳȥ
ľûнȥĵصǣҲǵЩΪ󹦽λ汩¶ȥ
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쳤ʵ
ľ㿴㣬˵ɣܿˣ
˵ʵЩ᲻Ͼ˴뱲ӵĵطʹˣҲҪˣԸԺл￴
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˹˵ԺҾԻ͸ٻصģұ֤

˻ء
شǳǿѾأǹڿǰɫ԰ס
ȵǳȥʱ򣬺˵ʲôظһ
浱Уһְ˹Ҫݾߣҵλ棡
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ܣоԺµĿвƷǾûʶƵģȻǵĲ֮ʵ̫ˣ
˵ңΪλһ·
˵ǰǺĳԱķϣԲˡǵģ
ߣ㣬ɱǣ̵õϢʱȻᱻɳǿ߸٣£Ҹոɳ˵ִ棬Ƕ֮ززˣ
һ
٣ĲܹˣǼһʵ̫ˣǸĶ֣
ȷǣҪץס㣬ǻ漣ˣȻҪҾ˵ߺߣһҪԼеǿҩˮ

ȵ
٣Ҫ
ǷӦʱѾڻصС
ȥһ̣Ŷ߹Ǵеǿҩˮʱ޷ǵʵˡ
٣ɳѾִ棬˵ľ˴󲿷ֶѾʧ֪ȥͰ˹Ҳһ
ߣȻˣ㣬Ѹ٣ÿһյУ˾ȻΪã鷳
ŭ
٣һֶľˣǱʾ֪ǵȥ򣡡
ȫɱҪ㣬Ȼͽ׼ֹıɣ
ȵ

Ŷľ˻صλ棬ҲӴ˶ľ㣬ΪľļľԭЩִԶŻ˵ģ·ϣҲǳ֮֮ͨð˹м䣬ͷΪѡ
ˡǷ˵ѹȣԡˡĳԱľˣֻǴеĳԱ
˫ܹƽദҪĳԭЩģû뵽Ůΰǳ
ľ˰סҲǳ⣬˹ҲһֱڶľԣԼǷ׵ʵ̫࣬Ҫ㸸׶˵˵ֲԼǰڸߵĹʧ
С椣ʱĮǸŮħͷû뵽ȴ飬ŮѶˣ
ҡҡͷصԼסչˣ˵ȻսޣҪȳսޣͱӵиǿʵ
˹ܶҶ׽Ҫһ䣬㵽ǲϲ㣿ҪԶһҪشң
䵱УľһĿ˹ŮҸıκ鶼ҪҪԸλ棬Ҳڴˡ


2038
˹һ㶣û뵽׾ȻԼ˵Ҳ֪ҾúһһԵİȫУ֮ǰŮӡ㲻ηհңˣ㣬θһ
ŮϲˣҲ㣬ֻϾԶŻˣǡ
ľ̾˿Ůȥ֮ʱҪһҪΪҸ룬һŵԵչһڿҸҪԼȥ׷ˣ
ף֪ʲôһῴҸģ
˹˵ףѾλ棬ǻҪҪ͡ˡìܣϾһսϵˣ
Ůû뵽ڸ첲Ϳʼˣ
УףɱȡЦң
˹ߺ졣

ڷбչҲвһ磬û˿ǿн֮С
ôȥҪǰ˻ضԸ򣬾ȳսޡ
£Ϊİ취ֻһǾͨʼķ
ΪԽǿͨĴҲԽ٣Ͼͨв᳹׻𣬾ǲ֮ûа취
Բ򲻵ѵ£㻹ǲȥðգڣҲ˲̫ˣֻнͨ춦пܴΪ
ͨ춦˳貣Ԫȥܿͨ춦С
һƬ谵κһͨ춦еѶǸΪ仯ġ
ΪԽǿͨ춦еĿ̶ֲҲԽߡ
ʱؿʼתͨ춦ΣҲѪվͻԼ֮¡
һֲɽֻгճȥЩֲɽѪбŷ̫ҡ
ͨ춦еȻǿ̫࣬һνͨ춦ûʮ£ȥ
ȻѪȻҲǲηǰļա

صС
˹˵ī˹㵽ڸʲôķ侹Ȼһ磬ҶܽȥҪչҲûɣ
˹ֲǲ㣬һҪսޣȻǲܵκ˵Ĵźú
ī˹˵֪Ҳ⼸찡
㣡
˹Զԡ
˶ڻش֮УҲ¶ѿ֮ɫī˹ʵɫѵʲô鷢ô
ɳȥˣץסˣ
ҡҡͷ
ץסˣ
ī˹Ҳһ𺳣ˣµĿƼоԺĥǵҩʱ˻ܲסԼͣﱩ¶ȥ
ҲĵĵطԶŻǿҵ̷ĥעҩʧȥǣ
˵
λܿҪ¶ȥˣΪ˴룬ҽһתأĻ˴ϮǱȻеģ
ī˹˵
ŸոհҪתƵλô
ЦѵԶŻ˾עһ˼ƯĻʲôڣ
²µʱī˹˵Ĳ˱¶ǵĵص㣬ԻɳǳսӶԸǵģҪ֪ǳսӵпϰĳԱҲעǿҩΪǳǿߣ
˹Ҳ˵
ĬȻٴתƻأžټȫˣ˵Ҳǲ뿪λġ
˹ī˹Ҳ뷨ϾѾûشλתƵλ棬תƣЩζ
˵ҿһأڱչô
ʱҲֻñװġ
˹ͷӵвһ磬˭ûȥһʱǳģ
ôǾȵӱչгɣ
˵
˹ī˹ûм˵ǡˡҲԼĴ㡣

ǳսӻء
ԶŻ˱ѺصУ˺ۣȻܵ˴п̷
ȻȴȻǿûнԶŻ˽Ļ˵
٣ǻʲô˵ǲײĲᣡ
ƾ̷ȻûԸǵģҪ֪ԶŻľǾǿƼԺЩҩǵľʧ
˵
ˣעҩ
ǣ٣
ŰɫӵĿƼԱעҩ
ǿе֪ʲôϢ
ԶŻ
ߺߣҲģӣǿľᵴȻ޴棡
Ц
Ȼ֮ԶŻħһ㣬һ˫۾ճմһƼԱʵǻǵԼô
ǵãԶŻˣܵˡѼ鱨
ңˡĻǵĿĵʲô
ˡλתȥλ棬ǵĿֹˡ
վ˵˳Ҫֹǡˡǳ룬λ棬һƶλأǽ⼸鱨ԱץסҪҵǻѣ
ҡҡͷ
Ͼ˿Ųٸ߼λ棬λֵͼλ棬ȴϾ˼ûд˿е֪ϢҪ֪ԶŻ˵Ļأǳѡ
٣ô죿
ɱ
Į˵
ת˵ΣҪֽɱ
٣ѾˣҪǰλô
Ȼȥλ棬ֻΪһˣҪʱ̸һҪ֪ҿ³Ƕôʹ࣡
ȵ
ԶŻ˱ɱ֮ĵ죬˻ۼϰǳǿߣǼ㣬ȴſѵ
һǳǿߣǴмǺӵ޼᲻ݵģЩԶŻǰһ⽴׾ɱǣ
ȵ죬ҽǰλ棬ԶŻ˵ĴӪǿλ澡ɱ¾
ÿƼԺǷǿҩʱ㹻λɱ¾ˣ
ǣ٣Ǳ֤ЩԶŻʧǺӵУ
˺ȵ
ͷ̳
ǣ
Щǳǿȫʧڻصʱ򣬿ͼվһ飬һ˵ҲҪɳǳǿ߶Ըɣ
λϣܳƵǳǿ߶ֵֻ㣬ЩҲ
ҿ򲻿оԺ춼ЩһǿҩٻԶŻ˻صͬʱҲϣܰһæ
ɱЩǳǿߣ
Ƕסû뵽뷨Ȼ


2039 ǿƳأ
ܲλϳһֲա
λϲѪ˶ڷܹţǴǽˣλϵнǴɡ
ѪҳϣûʲôҰģ˵ҰľλϰȵĹһ
ˡؽûйӶһѪˣвѪҪعҲǡ
ջҰ͸©һ˿Ԥס
Ѫ˶յƺӰǲûмǿߣϰǿڿзȥǣڿЩǿӰͬʱǿٽϵͬǾȻȥ
䣡
һӰӽˤ£ǵȻǿߣཨѪˣ
ô£ôˣ
Ƕˣ˭ɵģ
Ѫ˶
ǿյУһӰȻ¡
ЩЯϢĿֲϢ·ǿһۣԼҪһ㡣
ߺߣλôǸƶĵط޴ֲ֮ǲŸյЩһͱǵƸˣЩСأ
˵Ǻӵ޼᲻ݵĴڣЩǵǰϣǣ
ǳǿߵУҲʮԭǳսеĳԱĳԱ죬ʱҲǶվǰ档
ǵһ˵λ治ֻҪЩԶŻȻ֣
ôʼɱ¾ɣ

ˡء
ˣЩǳǿѾȫˣλɱ޹Ѫ˵ʬ壡
ƴˣǶ۸ͷˣôЩǳǿ֪ǵ
ƴ
ҡҡͷʲôƴϰǳǿߣǵд󲿷ֶǸոעǿҩΪǳǿߣҲԲǶ֣ڳȥֻ
ѵǾλɱ¾ôǾֻܵͷڹ𣿡
˵Ķԣǳȥֻ㻹ڱչأأ㣡
ī˹˵
˹ҲǵͷҶҵȵȰɣһа취ǵģ
£˶ֻа취Ըǳǿߣʲôʱأ˭ﶼûе
ԶŻȻѪԣ£Ҳֻӱ
˹㷿⣬һʱ佫λϢ
˵

˹ͷ
ʱ㣬Ȼͨ춦С
Ѿʮɽµ̫ҲԽԽԶ
û뵽νͨ춦Ȼķôʱ䣬Ҳûа취ʵԽǿͨ춦еվԽ󣡡
ǰͨ춦жɹյһأ£ٳɽҾͿԳˣ
ŭһ˫ȭȻһɽȥɽѣܿһɽ
ԣͨ춦еһѾȥˣҪ뿪ͨ춦ֻʱ䳤̵⡣
ˣ

ֻˣ

һһɽҾǰ˶Ը򣬾ȳսˣ
䣡
ɽ飡
ŭһ
Ԫɳͨ춦
˹Ȼ⣬ѵһֱڵô
ԪΪҲѾ˹ڷ֮⣬ɫ
Ŵ򿪣˹˵㣬ˣѾɳǳǿλˣɱ޹ܿҵ
ʲôǾȻ֪ǵĻأ
ǿץԶŻ˵鱨Աҩ˵ģ
Щɱ޹ھͳȥֹǣ
˵
ǿаǳǿߣ
ٶһˣҲ
Ӱһת˲֮ʧڰ˹ǰ
һǳǿߣУһѵͻˣ
Ȼֻλ棬û뵽㾹ȻҪһȥԸǳǿߡ
УҪȥ
˹Ҳ̳ȥ

ǳսϮλʱǽһƬѪ˵ʬ壬ٽﶼƻ
һ죬λ֮գҴѪжǾǰЩħǰǲԼܹ
ɱɱɱЩͷڹʲôʱŻ
ߣѾԼϳŸôӳȥˣֻǿϧλѱǲ½磬Ӳģ
Щǳǿɱ¾֮ʬҰǽ塣
ס֣
һ
ЩǳǿȫһվһӣǶӵϣǡˡ֯
ߺߣû뵽Ͳסˣֻƾһ˾ҪԸô
ֻԶŻ˱ˣɱ¾ЩѪк壿
к壿ҪҲֻܹǲλ棬Ҫ׺ǵǣ
֮Իֵȷ̲סˣҲǾöѪ˵ΣϾԶŻĻѪȻԹŰȵӡ
ô˵ˣǲǾЩԶŻ˶ʲôöֻẦˣҪ֪ǲǺѪˣ㣬ҪܵǵĹƻôܱѴˣ
мĳԱŭ
˵ЩʲôѾɱۣȽⱱֱɱ
˺ȵ
ǲǣҲҪƴȫ
ȵ
ʵȻûдﵽǳǿߵĳ̶ȣǰЩǳǿߵеκһԱǶܽûаη壬Ҫһ㡣
ʱһâֶõֵסѾ˵ļǳǿߵȭ
飡
ȻȻվԭء
ֻ߶һˣ㡣
㣬ˣ
һ
ֵܣΣҲûҪɣҪ֪Ϊ޶Ըûʵ֣ھδֵ̫˰ɣ
ҡҡͷ
ȷǾԼѾϣֲ̿λ汻˵˻ٵԲŻǰ
仰ǲĺܣ˵㣬һҪλ棬ЩѪˣʵ̫޹ˣ
㣬û뵽ͷڹҲˣܺãǵ֮ǰǳսӵĳԱȴǳսӵĶ֣ˣ
һصϳԱ˵ĻûʲôøУһֱɱ㣬Ǵһ
ЩĳԱȻЩԥǲٹǰλܵĶݡ
ôֻǿϧˣעǽ˵ģ
Ц
ǽˣ㣬㻹̫ˣϰǳǿߣֻһˣλһΪǾż۷徳磬ǲܰﵽģ˵ɣ
ôλ棬ֻΪǽԶŻȫɱô
ѵô
֮һˣƼԺͲÿΪǵǿҩˣ
˵
ƨôܺǣ㣬ⲻҪǺͳ֮Ĺϵˣ
Ƕš


2040 һ㣡
ԭҲû뵽һ㣬ֻǿɳǳǿλ棬Ȼһ顣
Ҫ֪ˡ֯Уһˣ˶ûǳǿߵʵ
Ҫˡ׽ʮǳǿӦǿȴɳʮǳǿߣȻԭ
ԼɱһЩǳǿߣ˻صĸ
ʤ̭棬Ǻӵе淨򣬵ǿȴ̫ĺ
ҲգЩ˶ѾܵǿҩˮĿƣûǿҩˮҲ棬籾ǣǱĥ
˵
㣬˵Щʲôôһ䶼ûףҪǣֱ쿪һˣܳ׻ɱ㣡
˳˹ȥ
ڻش꣬ǳǿߣͰ޵ĹϵҲǲֻǰУҪΪޱ
ʱȴʱãҲ˫ȭ̺ž޴ȭҪƳһ㣬ֱӳϮ
Ȼû뵽㾹ȻվԭزǸûнԼС
СӣƾʲôǸոսǳǿ߰ˣǻɱޣҲֻɺϣûҵĶ֣
䣡
ķ׭ֱӽԷɳȥ˱һɾ޴ʴ壬Ȼſڵ³Ѫ
ʲô㾹ȻǶӳˣոգƺûгأ
⵽ô£ôôǿ󣡡
ǶǰһĻ
ҲǴȻվԭأ˹ʱҲǳԣ˹˵ֲ˵ǶһǳǿߣҲͻˣʵţ
ʲôȻ˵⻰λоˣ
Ǽ
ܣ㣬㲻ܻҵģֻǸոսǳǿ߶ѣһǻþһǻþ
λſڵϵĶӳвš
Щǳǿ߶һ˺ȵҲֻһ˰ˣôλǳǿߣѵô
ǵǽԶŻˣǵ˾㣬Ҳƥеģ
ʮλǳǿ߶ȥ
ʩչԼޱ㾡ȫԸ㣬Ƕֻ֪Ҫɱ㣬ܳ
Ϊעǿҩ޵ô
Ц
ͨ춦ʵѾǿʱ˫ڤĻͷųȥЩǳǿ߿ڤĻǿ־֮ɫ
ʲô
ɫҪûһУֱӳӿȥ
ʮλǳǿ߱ûڤĻС
ǵʬճɻҽ
㣬㾹ȻǶɱˣŮУ㲻־ܵĻҾͽɱ
жʮλǳǿ߶ڲԶѾ˹ͱס
˹ҲǺȵЩǳսӵĳԱ޳֮ͽ򲻹㣬ץʲô£
ߣΪǿɹ˼ɲ̫࣬㣬˶ϣĻŮҪǰˣ
˵
ҡͷ˵һȺɵ޿ɾҩļһΪҵƤҵŮˣ
Щǳǿ߶ȻԼ徹ȻܿˣǾȻȻվԭء
ʱ˹ͱҲǳ׽һ㣬Ƕȥ
ʵ뷨ɱһЩǳǿߣḺڿȫҪҵУ
ȵ
ЩǳǿԺȫֻһͷǾӣ
ҿ˫ۣ˫ֶڲ

֮еڤĻͷųȥ
Ƕʮλǳǿǰױճɻҽ
˵ȫˣ㣬ɱ˰ǳǿߣ⣬̫ˣ
ҵǾ飬ûʲôɾȵˣ
˹˵
ֻǿθ˶ѣǿ߻ûǱ˵̫ɣ
˵
˵򣿡
˵ѵϾҪȥ˻ô
֪չΪ˶Ը
ģ
˵
ô֪
ЩǳǿߵֻǿҩֻҪʱһᰴͲסˣ
˵ǵʱ䣬죿
˵
ȻΪɿ죬£ҲܲܶԸʤԤϣԣ죬ϣܽٴתƳȥˣһսҰˣλ潫ᱻ𣡡
㣬һԻܿģǶ㣬ʵ
˹˵
ǵͷԭһǲѡģΪ˲к֮ǣһὫתƳȥģͿ֮һսֱӾǷ˵ˣ
ǰȫ֮Ҳܳ׷ſֽţ
ͷ

һ죬λԵһ졣
˵ѪѾ֪ж٣ʬҰѪǣǸͲ֪һоΪʲô
ԶŻȥЩдѪˣҽǰƸǣѪºͣǲûлɱ˵һУǶӦͱһת뿪λ档
һΣǺѪˣǵļ԰ǵļ԰ȴǱݻٳ
һѾ޷أľǱ֤ЩѪ˵İȫұģѪԶŻԶĶ˭Υҵĳŵ
ȵ
ǣǵһֱѪˣֱǺ飡

λ棬ǽһƬͰ˹վһյϣƬյѪȻɼ
˹ҡҡͷѪˣ
һأλ潫ˣ
Ҳ̾Ϣ
㣬αĻЩѪˣǶҪɱ
˹ī˹˵㲻뿪λ棬˵Ҫ͵͵֪뷨𣿡
ʵ
ī˹ң
˹˵֮ҲһԸһ뿪
Ҳﲻңĸףᵣģ
Ϊ㣬ľ嶼ҪˣһΪ㵣ǣ
˵
˹Ĭ
һҲǴ㣬ֻģ绹İţתƻذɣҪһԻܿģ
㣬ңոա
˹ͻȻ˵ȥˡ
ոʲô
ɻ
Щǳǿսʱ˵Щǲİ
ʲô
ǣ˵Ů˵Ļǲİ
˹˵ûм԰˵Ļȫƭ˵ģ

ŷӦŰ˹˿ߺı飬ҲǲɷЦ뵱˹ǸԵޱȵѪŮħͷû뵽ھȻ㺦ߵĺԼ˵Щ
һսû̫գֻҪҽܣұȥ㣬Уİ֮ˣ
˵
ߣҪ˵Щô㣬סҰ˹һģ


2041 ը
ʱ䣬λ㣬Ȼһˡ
λ滹δٻĽԵޱսϴλ
ϥλһɽĶˣûǱĿڵȴŶֵĵ
λֻһˣҲѾûκκ֮ǣֻҪ֣Ȼ֮
Ѿҹ˿δ֮ϣżзӹʱǸӦʲôüͷȻ΢΢һ塣
˫ĮһЦվʱ䣬ҲϢˣ
ҹǱһƣһӰ͸ҹ֮Уһɫ磬â㣬ұΪܰҽһЩǳǿߣû뵽ɱʵ̫ˣϰǳǿ߶ɱҶʱԲģ
ȻǿȥƺɱЩǳǿߡ
Ǻӵлп򳤹ٲܰ쵽ôǰǳǿ߰ˣֻҪһ£ǿƼ԰ٴνоɹóʱǧǳǿҲǵָһӼ飡
˵Уҿһֱ㣬ңΪʲôΪãѵһǺӲΪΰԸô
˵
Ǻô
ҡҡͷư磬Σ뿪ˣշת»صȴٴκİ֮˷ֿԸǺһ˶ѣ
㣬Ұأ˱еҰأ
ǣΪҸһУҵҰģ΢
ȵ򣬽һսǺӵеһսҪս޾ȳ
Ǻӵ鷳ֻнɱԶŻ˲ܳ׽ţʱͲó֣˵һսҲǲ޵
㲢ûеô㣬˼ѾȫŮ˸סˣôϧһţӿϧǣҪҵǰ
֮ǰһ㿴ܵĻ飡
˵
Ƭ̣ǰһȻӰȻսޣȻƻûлָ
սҲǵں˵ʲô
㣬ĻֻʣһȥȥԣҽֻΪ˼һ棡
˵
ֻʣһ
ŭ֮ĶԹս޹أ㾹Ȼһֻ޶Ź
ߣֻһֻˣΪҪϣ
Įս޻ȫԭǲңλ涼ǽȫģ

ս޷֮ҪɢҲԼܵ衣
Ĭ
㣬ǲǺܺڱңֻҪ;֪ǰ飬ȻԼ̣ΪҿȫǱŮ˹ƻֻңֻҿԸӵеһУ
Ҫľ
ŭһ
Уڵǳ֮ȫŷ
ɫâһλɫսƮС
򵭵˵ɱѾҪȡֻǿϧʵȻ٣ȴȻҵĶ֣
ϻ˵
˫ƵлڤĻһɫ泯ſȥ
һֱڵǹʲô鱨ŵĵ֪ԭǷ׭ǵһ֣ߺߣ١Խ㲻ٶ
ȻɵĽڤĻסЩ汻Ūƣתۼɢ
˵۶ɱ⣬˫ֵƾճһɫѪ񵶣Ѫ񵶵ĳ֣Ҳÿ
꾹ȻѾѹֻôг񣡡
򰵵
ϴһǰ͡١ϴޱȣû뵽ҳ˯Щʱ䣬㾹ȻѾҪԸˣţ
١Ҳʲô
١ϴһңڣʱͼУδʤҲ֪ǲûʩչȫ֮˵˲׶ԸĺԺԶŻ˵ĴУ
Σһɱ򣡡
ϴģһʩչȫ

ŻѣҲʮ㣬ʵϾǴͨгҲû̫տԶԸ򣬱ϾΪɲ⣬ھûĵơ
Ѫ񵶣Ҳ˫Ȼһӣһǿĵ֮ſȥ
䣡
һƣȻ֮˻Ҳٴλӳһ
ǹŻѣ뵱͡١ʱǰѪ񵶾ӵ޵֮ƣãһԵֻ㣬㣡
ĮһЦĵгһĻ棬治ͬ𣬾㶼δ
ϴ𣬱֮ҪֲڤĻҲĶ֣
𣿡
üܹоһǿԼӿ
ķ
Ȼ潻սȻѡ㿪𣬵û뵽ǣķȻȫƳ
飡
ֻоȫޱȣ澭һӿ룡
ʹ
еѪ棬ԼҲˤȥʹ³һѪ
ˣ̫ǿҲӦģ
С˵
ҲҪɱˣĻԶŻ˻⵽Ⱥ
㰵
㣬㻹ҪӵվôѾ澭ȫջȻǸˣ㻹ҪҶƾʲô
ŵ
ϴѾˣ£Ĳƴˣ
ҪվֻҪվҾܶԸ򣡡
ϴɱô
ҵһսֻҪɱǺӾͻ̫ƽҲνһҲ̫ŮˣһӶ޷ǵծҵҲǱӦ
а취ǣϴʧӵв֮ã
С˵
ң㲻ңҲǻὫɱģ
ã
Сȵ
һֱ˵Ժ㳹׾ˣЦ㣬أոҪɱҵȥ㻹ΪҪųһҿѵѾôѾ֪ԼشֻϧǸˣ;֪ҲὫ㳹𣡡
䣡
ȻȻըǰѪȴһС
ô£ȻѾըˣ
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ϴȼԼ֮עѪ֮УȻһս֮Ѿ޷ԭľֵô
ûʲô̩ɽںëɱ򣬾ֵõģѾѪ񵶵ĵ֮Уû뵽оȻһȻıأгĻɱ򣡡
ȵ
Ѫڿɢһɫ⣬۾ҲȻ㲻׵׷ʲôĸоƺŲԤס


2042 ۳
ȼԼȫעѪ֮УҲʹѪѾ˵һѪҲı
Ҫ֪ԶŻˣ֮ǿŵǺ֮еǰУʱѪҲ⣬Ȼ
װŪǸܲҲѾˣҪѪ񵶻ˣ㻹ܲصȥ
ȵ
ʱеѪȴǱŷһҫ۹Щǿһǳǿ߱УȻҪɢ
䣡
ȻĵסЩ˵Ҳû뵽Ѫ񵶱Ȼ֮ǿ
ô£
򣬱˵Ǻеһսԣ۱ɱ㣬ΪǺӽ󻼣
Ѫ֮д
ȣ㣬㽫ը飬ѪôҪͬھ
ֻҪܽɱԶŻ˲Ǻӵмȥ
ߺߣľúֵôѵǺӵУûĶǺĲУ
ʵ
ٶѾûа·ҲٵԼҲһɱҵĲô
ȵ
ȻΪãҾ;ԲɳնݳǿİֶΣھҿѪ񵶵ɣ
ŭһ˫ͨ죬һֹߣЦһǺӹԲܵס㣬Ѫ֮УȻҪУ
ߺߣô
ѪȻһӳһǵ֮⵶ֱ֮ӽǺӹȫסƺ
ǲţôܣǵꡮ١ԸҵǺӹߣҲ˲ôܵסģ
ϴһ̫Ϊǣ˸ûԸΪ˵ʵ൱أ
ѪԭǺӵֲľע֮绢Ƕ֣
㽫ҹζ࣡
˵
Ȼ⣬ȴҲû̫⣬ϾԼʵ൱ţûܸ㡣
ٴͷųǿҵǺӹߣһȻѪ񵶵ס
ⲻܣ
ǲţƺһɳˡ
򣬻ΪǺӵ޵еĴڣ˶ôֻǿϧȨ֮գ
˵
ѺѪΪһ壬˿ҲǽѪ񵶵ռʱŻ궼ĪȣҪĻҪסɣ
ɱңҲùģ㣬ѾǳͷųȥٵҲùģ
ͷųһɫâ
ЩɫâѪܣþδɢȥ
ˣЩڹ⣬޷ֹ
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Ѫһֱӳſȥ屻Ѫ񵶴͸Ѫ졣
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սҲڴ˿̷֮˵⣬ѾΪѪ񵶵꣬ս޵Ƹô죿½
֮յз·һӣӰȻ
ֱӽѪ񵶵ԡ
һ˴ŻҺɫӣ׷ԲԣȻλߣһˣӢ˲λ꿡С
˿ŸξսޣҲûнʶͷųȥȻܹʶλߣŴΰʼ档
ҶһСӣվǾͿͬھˣ
ʼҡͷ˵
ʼ棬ĹԪأﵽ׷ʲôҵǺܺôͿͬھģ
λ꿡ϾȻһ˿졣
ǣ
ʼƺ𾴣лһռ䣬ղŵһĻĻ·Ӱһ֮С
Ԫܹ¹Ŀһ顣
ȻûȼմѪ񵶣ΪѪ񵶵ĵڶ꣬ӦԶŻ˵磡
꿡һЦ˵
ʼҲǵͷѪޱȴǰҲǾԲͷģֻһǲڷôǣңȼȻûаԥ
Σ
꿡˵һһծʵ̫࣬ҲܹԼֻԼƽ⣡
٣µǣԼˣ
ȻˣȻڣΪ´һʱգȻطǵӪΪǵʹһ
ʼ˵
ۣ
˵ʲôʼ棬㵱Ϊҵɢô
Ѫ񵶷졣
ҲǸոսʶͷųȥŷ˵Ĵڣʼϵõģû뵽ʱʼڵȻѾﵽĴڣ
ʼˣʼۡļһ˭ΪԼһ
㣬ѾԪˣٵѪ֮УҲѾ֪
֪ëΪֻλ澳ļһû뵽ڵʵҶˣΪʲôƲÿ򣿡
ŭ
ȻΪ˶ԸһȻ˵ʱǱΪ֮飬ҪܲɱǾɱģϾծȻ࣬Լ츳ر棬ܹġ
֮ǰģֻҵĵڶˣڲҵıҵĵڶȷֻλ漶ǿߣҲʶûг׿
ʼ˵
ҿʲôķǰ˵з𣿡
Цá
ˣҺۻƬǺӵд̫ãЩ飬ֻܳ˵
λǣ
ʵ
ϴˣ
٣
ƬǺӵĴ棬Ȼ۵飬Ҫֻ֪̫࣬Ҫ㱾ӦƬǺӵӦеˣҲȷʵɱ
ȵȣʲôƬǺӣƬǺӣǱңǺӣ
Ҹ㣬Ĳ²ģᱬըô
۾ȻЦЦ㣬ѡţʵҲǵһμ棬磬Ҷģ
ʲôʱֻǵͷһשȻҾȥˣһ
Щգ£һᣬ˵ףۻǾһģĻڵϾͻ֢ˡ
֮㲻ԼŬػصôȻʱ꣬ǿóȻǳģ
ǵȻҵĳǰ֢Ա̫ҵİ⣬ǼȻٸһλᣬҾҪٰǻ
ͳðɣǲܹΪô㣬Ѿʧĸоˣ


2043 
ôû⣡
ǣ걻ʩǳħ䣬䣬Ҳûƽ⣡
ҡͷ˵
Ŀ򣬾Źң
ŭǳħ䵽ʲôΪʲôֹػ
ֹػ꣬˵Ҫ»صУô֮飬ʧܣ
ʼ˵ôλֻ֪ܿһԶȥ
񶾵䣡
򣬾ȻҪߵˣ
˵û취ƽô
У
˵㻻
ʲô˼
ѵԭڵϵǾô
Ȼǵã
˵
ֻҪ¹Ǿôǳӡܵƣ
ƽˣ
ǻܵʱԼȻ㲻ȥĻԣ
ʲô˼Ҳܸ㣿
ʱܰɣȻǳܵƣҲҪһʱ䣡
ã
Ҳö֪
ʼ˵֮㣬ոսƬǺʱȶ԰ڵϴһʱˣ
ֻڵôһҪ翴أ
У
һƽ٣
ʲôﵽ׷ʲôֲҵʱΪȻ޷ƻȥĽ磡
û㣬ģҶ˼ǰȫģ
ʼ˵
ǰȫҾͷˣǴ
׼ȷ˵ѾƬǺˣǻĺƽ٣ڵϣҪμǣǧҪ֪ʶ㣬ᴥǳħļܿЩ
оܱûеĺãңһԭԼ
ѹ³ڵ֮ϡ
ˣһ飬ǳħʧ֮ǰ֮ǰᱻʱӡסڵϣҪԼСģסȻǾˣ޵еģ
û⣬ҵǵϵҲû취ɣ
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ʼ棬սǰκѪ񵶣һصϣҲܸˣ
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սѾԭˣ
ʼͷ˵
սҲǷ
ϴһģϣսǳħ䣬ۣ
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ˣǾȻ꣬Ǳҳˣ㣬λɣ
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յУһգһ֮֮С
ʼ˵СЩҲйҲصϹЩƽˣ
ƽôʼ棬ҸҺʹģڵϣСӵķծֻԽԽ࣬Щ᲻÷ŹСأֻϧеǳħȷʵֻʱܹƽ⣡
ۣҲ뿪ˣ
˺Ǿ߸ڿеһʧڰ׹֮С


Ĺϳǡ
ϴѧĹʮصѧ֮һҲǰٷ֮ʮĸ߿ҪѧУ
Ϊʲôǰٷ֮ʮаٷ֮ʮأ
ǰٷ֮ʮϲˣܣ
ϴѧ棬åƦ
ϡܹŮ߹ȻǣЩŮӲ࿴һۡ
ʲôҿ˵ѧܶŮǱЩϰģ˵ǣ
ǳԲ˵ģȻֻǸ죬־ҪһϴѧֽҪҲСҵˣľҲҪҸ
˰ɣҪܾ͸Ըˣ

ǿǼһǸ˿ϴѧҾȻôããɢңǸӣ
˵ӻŮĹעڿʲô
⼸춼ˡ
ΪʲôǵϻЩŮӶȴϲһӴļһ
ʲôԭ򣬶ܲƽ
ǷûѾעǴѧСʱˣרע룬ɢң·ƾɣϡСӣĺǰ޻Ϭ磬ҪգһΪϳǵ֪ģ
Ů˵
˵ϸϴѧһ忴ȥмϬζ
ûǸŮȻ˵ǰ޻Ϭ磬ҪգƴҪ΢ˣҵ죬ȥˣŮǵƷζΪʲôһֱûߣѵֻĺҵŮôҪ
Сѹˣ±Ͷ̥ʲôҪڣȥȥ

ȻϴѧǰҺСϧ뿼ĴѧֻϧҵԱֻһɽѧУСϧΪ˺һ飬ҲԸ߷ֽѧ
ɺϰɺϣҵСϧĻĶ֣ϴѧҲȻǰé
ڡϴѧɵɵվнһСʱҡҡͷ·ʯ𶶶壬ʹòŮЦ
룬Լһñ˾úЦɣۺʼȻԼػ·Ȼ걻Ǽ·ˣˣͷҲģԵǣĿɲûơ
Сʱ֮ǰϴѧΪؤһֽʩһӲңȻֱߵϴѧ⣬˼Ƿϧһŵһϴѧ顣
νһڲŮע֮뿪֪ЩŮһ磬ȻǣԼȻϳôȲҪ츮ϧϾǳħҲ֪Ҫ೤ʱܽ⿪
仰˵Ҫϳһӡ

û뵽ԼĶӾȻ죬ȻǶˣָо˵ʵ̫İˣʱѾܳʱ䲻ҪʳκʳˣԼǳ֮ѾȫӡסˣԼҲǸƽˣȻ
ϴѧвٳԶĵطԵ㶫ȥţ
һƬ뿪
ϴѧ棬вСԵ꣬һҡɳء治󣬽ܰ¼ӣҲõϾǴѧ棬ȻһطҪ
ɳصƺⲻ̫ãֻһˣûϵ·ãϰ廹Ǹһ˿
ζþûӿտյĸоˣоܳϼ룡
һȫꡣ
ϰ嶼һȣǲǼûгԷˡ
ϰ壬룡
˵
תһ룬޷ģǸֽʩһӲңá߲֮ʳˣͨˣҵ壬԰Ȼá
ԥ֮ʣ֮ǰϴѧֹļȴǴҡڵ˽


2044 
⼸ĳ֣ҲϰһҪߡ
ҪܣСץ˵˽ޣٲǮߺߣ֪³ģ
һֱӡĻŭ
ºСļһҲǽϰ嵲סЦǰ죬Ǹ缸ˣ˵޼գٲǮĻϴѧ绨Ůٺ٣
ûǮǵûʲô⣬Ǹ𣬻Ҫǵıѣٸһʱ䣬׬Ǯһǣ
ϰ˵
ûʲô⣬治һԷôףģ
ǸոǸ壬û뵽ϴѧȻװģߣһݼǲԺҲҪȦչģ
С˵
ƺעȷԭϴѧǹע㣬ڿ棬Ȼ֡
ȴĪѵһֺܸ߶˴ϵεôԼؤٳ治ǺѰɣ
ˣÿһжÿһеѴһΪ꣬壬ҲǼΪ֮¡ǽ˵ģǼһ
˵
ϰ嶼Ѿ֪룬ȻûǮǡ
Сҽȫһ飬ѵǮǶǮǮٽˡ
ҵҪ˭ʧ󣬶ңҪ֪ǱŮϴѧ飬ٺ٣ΪӣҪǽôˡ
ǮʱĻˣһʱ䣬һ취㣬Ů
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ϰ壬Ҫ˿أʲôʱܶ
ʱڵ
ϰﻹʲôŪԵģ֪ӦǰЩˣֻ˵λСӣǵʱ˵״ոճԵ˿ҵģøǮˣ
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ȴҡҡͷֻȥˣϾĿˣ
ϰ忴Ҳǲ֪ΪʲôȻһܰɹΣѹء
˿СӣǺʳ
϶ȻȥСԵȥˣģ浱ǲĵ𣿡
͵ֻһ첼ϰĵĸ˿
ʱȴվһ죬ĪһЦϰǷǶǮҪҵ꣬вŮ
Сӣƨ£ǿ⸽κε涼Ҫǽɱѣǹأ㻹ҪΪͷͷɣ
Ϊ׵һЦ
СҲ˵ΪĺϬһǾͲΪ㣬㣬ˣ֦Ҫǻƽʱߺߣٲ˼̺ۣ
ԭֻǱѶѣҰϰ廹ˣ
˵
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ȫǻĴܷʽ㵹ǲΪȻǳ֮ʱʧǾˣʩչ书ҪԸ죬׾١
̶̼֮ѾſڵϣڵϣŲһ˵ĲӣǴЦոյļ㷽ʽȻдڲǰֱֻҪǮǵĲֵļǮߣ˵أ
磬лú˵۲ʶ̩ɽ֪Żģԭǰ
һһģԺܵծôߺߣǴϱǮǾԲŹǵģ
˵
жΣƽʱȥ˵ˣ֪ȴǱôң֮ûС
£ǱȻûģֻܻȥӳ顣
Ϊ׵һӶͳһǮƱȫ˳ʮţһһǧ࣬ȫǰ
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ΣҪһǧһ밡һֱթ
磬ֻôˣҪȻԺĻٰǮ㣿
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ǶЩСԽ᲻֪ʱҲ뿪ϴѧҲ˵Ժٿˣߺߣʱ²һǧǮܽ飡
֪֪磬ҪûʲôĻǾ͹ȥˣ
϶־˵
Ͼո㱬ʵ޷Ըڸҵ㡣

˶Ͻ뿪档
Ǽһﵽ˭ôǰ
϶Ǵ˵еߣӵǼһﲻܶԸģҪʾˣϾǺӥҲߵģ
ӣһҪһ

ˣҪ˿ǣԺĲﵷ𣿡
ϰǵʵ
ЦЦģ뿪ϴѧģԣҪֻǮѣ
⡭ǲ֪δлźãǡӥϴѧһԣÿ¶ҪǽɱѣǲſϷŹǣⱾͲã⼸¸ܽѣҪ㣬Ҷ֪Ǻˣ
ϰյĺܡ
㿴˿ҵܣ˵ϰ壬û˵յⲻ̫Ҹոչ۲£ҵװ޺⣡
װ𣿡

㽫ҵװ޵һЩ״˵˳ϰඥһ㣺ѹ֣ҵʱ˵ǽڵס˿˵ߣȻҵװһˣ
˵ţϰȻǡ
˼治󣬾װһ飬ҲҪ̫ǮοֻǽǽڴǸոЩǮһһǧ࣬ٶܰﵽæˣ
ˣǸʲôҿҲǮˣǮҿɲҪ
ЦЦҪԼ˿ôܵõⲻ֮ƣҲ˲ٺӥıˣǮǻǵİɣ
ȻҲ޷ģϰȻȱǮԼǲ»ϾԺԡ̫͡ˡ
֣ǮǣҪǵĵ꣬ҲҾͲϳлûзˣ
һ˽Ҳǿ⣬Ů崿鶯ʮģһֶصʣ㶼ǰһѵϰϴѧŮ


2045 ޱޱ
ȻǰŮϰ彯ŮޱޱޱޱǮҲȻĽΪձѵļһȻޱޱҲձѵĲӦôᴩá
ޱޱλǵĶˣɱ˵
齫ոշһдŵĺޱޱ˵һ飬ޱޱ벻˵ЩӥĳԱˣ
Ȼ֪ʲôֶΣޱޱȻܸм˼ո̫³çˣΪҲձѵģ
ҡҡͷûʲôѾˣҳ궫ͻ뿪
ܿ콫˿ɵ˵ˣӦòǱˣҹ𣿡
֪б£ȴǴõ·˲⡣
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룬ȥ츮ϧʱôϳǣҪҵһݹʵ١
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ǰֻǣϴѧѧΣܿصġ
ޱޱûм˵ȥ´㡣
ȴҡҡͷҶԵʦȤ󣬶ˣҲӦ뿪ˣ
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˵ȥ磬ûʲôأЩǮǼùģ˵װµ棬Ǻ˰
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ϴѧҲǲ֪ӦȥãҲ·ϲ˵Ŀⶼǿ
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ԵʦȤϾǰϴѧѧҪǵʦȻܱŤġ
ϴѧʵ̫࣬˲ٵʦ̿εĸԣ⼸ҲǹеʦֻҪͨԣܳΪǵʦȻº󣬱ãǻֱΪʽʦҪ֪ϴѧΪʽʦǶ飡
ѵĻᣡ
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ԣϴѧļĵʦʵҲֻʱˣϴѧǲǳڵĺͬ
Ȼˣȴ鵱УǷ׷ѯʲôʱμԵ顣
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һʱ䣬ҪǸʲôĻҿԼְһ£
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ðɣϾһˣŮӣЩǣ
㵣ǣҪΪǼҴæһ᲻סҵķأҿЩСģ
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Щ⽯ޱޱѵͲԼһ˶ŮЩʲôôϺӲ
ûɾܾޱޱĺ⣬ϾûеطסҶԷṩһλŮĺ飬ԼҪǾܾˣǲİ׳ա
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ޱޱԢŴ򿪣һɷȻŮ϶еζ
ǼŮĵط㡣
ޱޱ𣿡
һӹԢеķд
ᵽһľûذȵŮ߳ʱ΢΢Щ벻
Ůһɫ·Ƥ𪣬ģ޿ޣ۾ûа⣬һäȻǸäˡ
ЩźȻôƯŮ˾ȻǸäˣȱҲһ
ţˣ
ŮƺǸоĴڡ
ޱޱҲ˵գҵѣǼҴæǮ͵ˣûססҷ
ޱޱЩǼұѵǶ˵ܴǮģȥЩˣ
ŮܼȻͽޱޱϵܺá
ѾûˣգҾסˣ°һأ
ޱޱƺʲôˣһ֪ʲôأ
㣡
ðɣ㣬ҷ䣬СеչԺڼҪ˵֪𣿡
ޱޱֲСӣɲҪأֻҪﲻ鷳ͺˣϾЩأ
ˣ
оȡ
ˣҶˣ㣬ڹԢҪע㣬治ô˵ģ
ޱޱ˵ҵȻȥˣ´㣡
ޱޱ뿪֮λСաŮϻָƽʲô¶ûзһ㣬ŵäصԼķ䡣


2046 Ԣ
乫ԢһסĸŮˣȥסĽޱޱ֮⣬
äŮѾˣȻһ㶼㣬㲢ûн⣬Ͼ¡
ޱޱķɾ̫࣬󣬲㹻סˣ뵽Լϳ˴һãЩζȥԡϴ衣
ӹҵһ˯£ۺɫģû뵽ޱޱȻϲɫ㲢ûн⣬ֱӴ˯ȥԡҡ
Ҳ֪жûϴˣ۹٣ҲԡҴòϴɾ
׼˯£ʱԡžȻǲһ򿪡
ŵһЦ
ޱޱצ֣
һ˫ֱӻǰʶĽ˯㴩ã󣬱һ˵

㣿㵽˭ô
ŮһƷ̷쳣ϻŵױˣȻʱһ˫۾Űŵ㡣
֪˱Ȼ乫Ԣĺ֮һᴳԡңȻΪǽƷϴ裬Ů໥û뵽ŮȻһԱŮɫȻǾˡ
ʫ꣬ޱޱѣʱס£û뵽һԡҺˣ
յ
ʲôޱޱѣȻһİסǵĹԢҵ죬ޱޱôһѣ˯¶ҪޱޱģǲҪ
⾯Ͳָıˡ
ȻЩ
㵹ǲΪȻ¡
۲Ϊ
˵֮ǻطˡ
⾯ȴǲŹ㣺㵹˵˵ޱޱʲôϵҼˣҲץĶˣȰ㲻Ҫޱޱ⣬ֻǸСѣ
ӣ˶ٰɣ
㵭˵
ʲôϵϳǵľ죬ײĵϸѧĴ鷸
ֻһ£ȥԷģ
Լôˣ𳶿⣡
ϴˣȻطϢԷʱǵýҰҽ㣡
ʫ꿴ҡڵʧԼǰҲĪһŭһ׺ޱޱʲôϵȻޱޱ˶ԡ·ԭһϵģǶļˡ
ڷϢƬ̣Ҳŵһ㣬ԾѾӳгҶ˼Сˡ
ɫζȫû뵽㻹Ǹ֣
޵
ʫȴûһۣҿû׼ķԾͷ;һϳԷˣ
ЦЦңŮҪһ緹ҵķɣ
ʫ㾹Ȼƿ˵緹ҵĸӣҲŭ㣬һûиĳֵôһµʱԶ㣬ĻҶ㲻ˣ
ʩչצ𣿡
˵ԡҵʱǰ˯㣬Ļٲ
޳֮ͽڻǺޱޱƾʲôסˣҪûطסĻҿʱȥ֣
ʫ꣬ޱޱİְ֣ҲǶɹѹأޱޱԭɣȻҿޱޱһ˽ǹԢģ
˵
֪ΪʲôޱޱôԼסԭ⹫Ԣиҹ򻹲ȻǲԼ
ˣ㶼˵һ˵ʲôأڴ춼ѧУסҪȻĻҪһȥɣҪ֪ܵ˵Ӱģ
ʫ˵
Էɣǣ㣬ʢ
˵
ȻΪ˻ʹķΧ
Ҳ⾯ȥʢ뷹һգһԼԡ
ʫղȻǴԽƯŮķԽѳԣʫٺòǳȵģһʱ֮䣬̷ŮҲǲһ˿øУ˿øתۼʧ
㣬ҪסҲУϴ
ʫ˵
ô򵥣

ܲʲôɣ׳԰ס𣿡
ʫ˵ҿӣƺ·ûһҪҲµûĻûйɣ
ң
ȴҡͷˣ˸㣬ҴСûڼϴ룬һϴʱҴ룡
һ
ĸ
ҵ죬ͷǹԢ𣿡

֮󣬽ڷеĿϣһä鼮һä˻˰ѧϰ
ʫꣿ£
Ȼäˣȴڳˣʫˡ
ΪǸ㣬ˣھּˣգΪʲôҪأ
ûаֻǾޱޱѣǶٶҪһ£
Ҳ֪ޱޱֻǸѧѣǵĺܣ֪ն񰡣
ۣ
ЦЦޱޱܶһҪûмǴĻűޱޱ󼸸¶ѣң㻹Ǹոս뾯ֹɹģ
ҲܣҶӡ̫ˣܽסʵҪǴˣһϳȥģ
㣿
˵Ǹ鷳ȴҪ˵˵
գ㻹ҪǼһ
ҶӦޱޱˣڹԢס£Ҳ֪ޱޱİְֱӥвԸҪǿֲҪǰæѵΪޱޱĽãѵĶ˶ܿ𣡡
գҪܿĻ֪Ǽһжˣ
ʫ˵
˵ʶ˵ˣæ˵գҲ˺ģ
Ҷäôˣܶණϰأûʲôʫ꣬ҲϢɣ㻹ûؾأ
ðɣ
ʫ뿪󣬽ڿϷ˵Ҫҿһ磬Ǹöã
ҹ˯ʵط֮͵ͷ˯ˣһϵʾ롣
ǰǲҪ˯ߵģڻָƽ˵壬Ҳû˯ϰߣ·׼ǡ
Ȼ˵Լڵϻڳˣֻͨ߶ԣҪߵĻɾ鷳ˡ
룬Ԣ洫һŮС
ʫܻĿɳԱ߲֪ڸʲô㣺㣬ǲв϶Ҫһ
һ
浹ôʾôô
ϲ˯ڿ﷢񾭣⻹в
ܱĳЩ˵һСʱڴϳ˵ĺã
ҡҡͷվҪû´Ļӵ𴲣ӦҪһСʱĳɣ
㡭
ƺ˵Уʫɫһ䣬ȷҪѵһСʱģϾŮӣֱȽ䣬ԲŻ
ѵһĵǽ˾Ӧõ
һ֮ڳǶʱ䣬ҪϻѡĻžֵһϵвԣҪģ
˵


2047 Ů
ʫԭǸոս뾯ֵľԱپֵһۺϲ飬ʱһ˵Щ񣬵ȴǲ䣺ͲˣһھĲ鶼ģôܻ᲻񣿡
𣿡
һЦӣҲǾḻľ죬Ȼ˵ѻ죡
㣡
ʫһۣŮ˯µı̬ħǷ͸ˣ

ûҪʫȥ˼Ԣи鷿壬Ҳûбȥպ鷿濴Щ鼮
ʱ򣬽մӷгĴӱóûгķˣڵȣڹ۲һ
äȴäһ㶼Ժҳ緹ˣ
ܻӭң
Ц
ä˵쿪ʼҾ֪ܶҪ˳Ȼοޱޱİְ֣ΪʲôҪ㣿
̬ã
ͷȻȻܸоﻹŶмԱļǿȴǲԱָ˿ֻͨ͸ܹˡ
ˣ㻹ûйϴޱޱ˯£㲻Щ𣿡
˵
ԺĴɣ
ںͽ˵ʱһֱЦݣһڽҵ׳԰ס飬ɲҵ磡
ҡҡͷҪҵһ·ɣסĶŮ·
ҲǿЦ㵹Ǳףû·һǴ粽У
ԡҵףѾ첹ˣպϴӦû£
մӷóһ촩á
û뵽⽭ղɣһ·Ȼ첹ĺ
ܿ콫׻ϣ˵ûƴûģ
û·µһ㻹ǸŮ
Ц
Ҳ¶ΥЦݣЦһ뵽ʲôֻǽȥʱǵùžͻصԼ䡣
˹ԢҲҪϴѧҵһݹϴѧȻȫصѧ֮һܱߵķȴǲôá
ǡӥϴѧһԣܱз궼ҪѸǣˡӥвǶ֪ƻҪϴѧԶڴѧѧǲġ
磬㶼䵴ϴѧܵĵȻ࣬ǻ϶ѾԱοÿ»ýһıѣҲҶˡ
ҹĻ٣㿴ԶиƹҫĳȻǸưɡ
ѧľưһ˵ⶼưɿȥװ޵Ҳȷʵԡ
ֻҷݹѣܲưӦƸʦ
û룬ֱ˽ȥ
ưСƺ̨̣վŲٴű¶ŮɣЩŮȻ̨ϵǡ
ƺոѾһˣڰ̨ġ
ҲмƤĴѧ߹ȥڨǴڨַʵ̫Σֻ붼ûʵ
ưɼ̶ֱ̨ߵ̨ǰ棬һŮɿһۣϴͷιӵ㣬ھư谵ƹӳ¾һö۲۵˧硣
˧磬ǵһǾưôأ

ֵĵͷʵѽǰű¶Ůɵظ˸顣
ǾưйأµһĿˣһβƣ
Ů˵
ûոǺ룬ǣھȻڴڨˣŮ˻ǼĿԣ
ģɧеĲͱ˧һô

Ůɺܿһβƣڵƹӳ¸ġ
ֻϧĲˡ
Ҫ֪ڹԢ棬ޱޱգʫ궼һһŮûваŮɳһ㣬ŨױĨ˼ϲȻ
Ʊݸ㣬ŮһЦǣ˧磬ԵƳġһ顯֪᲻Ŀζ
һڣһЦưɵĵʦѵ㣿
˧磬ʲôư˵ʵûʦأҺͼöһЩ򵥵ĵƣһĵƹģ
Ůɶ죬ϾһȾƵĿˣٻ⣬Щ
û˵ȴǲٺһڡ
Ůʵ˧磬ѵҵľƲĿζ
Ҫûв´Ļոռŵƣ˿ķƵƿ˰ɣ
˵
Ůɻͷ˿ƹϵľƿȷոյƵʱ˽ķƻȥˣ˵˭ֻһھ֪ҵĵƼǰֻǰŪ
ٷķƣ⼦βƵи־ϴıҲż⣬ưɿڴѧҪԴǴѧǵǶԾƵƷζ̫ߣ
㵭˵
ŮɵͷǰϰҲ˵ģ˵ˣҾưҲҪרҵĵʦΣֻǰӦƸĵʦֻᴵţľƺҵû𣡡
࿴һۣһЦ˧磬ǲרҵĵʦ
ǣ
ҡҡͷǰڵϻ켣ҹ꣬ԾƵϤ̶ȻǲЩרҵʦģֻǣڵĵʦһֺǰְҵҪ˵רҵרҵĻֻ֤ˡ
Ȼûרҵĵʦ֤ģҲŮǰţ
ŮźҡҡͷӦƸĵʦأ
ҵһˮըҪҵ֣
һŮ
㿴һ߹Ůˣһ޷ɫŮ˵͹Ե쾡£ûа㱩¶ĲλưɵУȴûһŮ˿ԱȵĹġ
Ů˺ŵĳ߿˹òҲǾ۵ףȷһ
Ҳ°̨ǰŮŮ˵ĳ֮ʱȻʧɫ١
ˮըĵƷѣŮɺܿóһ
ȴŮ˽֮Ů˵Ů˿϶ʧûĸŮҪˮըģ
ЦЦһŮڵλãֻһˣΧ˶ڶŮƺһЩ˵˼һڽˮըȫȹ⡣
һڣ
ú˼Ů˾
ҪǵԵļβˮըʵ̫ˣ
Ƭ̣Ů˾Ȼֵ̨ǰһΣȫûпһۣüƵŮɡ
ˮը𣿡
ŮĿɿڴܵԵľˣ
ŮûԵľƣУһȥұ֤ȵȫҵľƣ
һ˳Ůߣмаһ֪ǻӣưҲעŮ˺ܾˣҲǾڳֽŮлᣬϾöȸ߰ŮֻýǮƲܹŹء
㣿
ŮҪһˮըǰһҹ


2048 ʦ
Ůʮ㣬̨ǰЩŮǶסˣǶŮˣҪԼִڨĻԲǰŮ
һȥ
˼ֱҪ裬ǿʲôЦһȥĻҲҪ̧ȥˡ
ãݣģˣӣ
˦˦ͷ뿪ưɡ
ĵƲˮըҵľư
Ů˵
ҪƱˮըҵľƲѣֻ㶼ѾҪˣҪһҾʲôأ
˵
Ҳڨô
ŮЦ
û˵ֱӽŮǰһˮը˹һ
ӵţξƲ©
Ůһ˿ȣĵʦ
ȷʵܰҪ
˵ֻڵ״̬Ҫһˮ
һŮɣŮɺϵĵһˮ
ûԼ֪ô
Ʋ㲻ǲ֪㲻Լģ
ЦЦ
ˣ
ŮĮ˵һһۣΪԼܶŮˣһҾƶѣûôģ
ͣ
㿴ĳŮǣǿΪתʱڲֻȻ
ۣ˧磬ܵˮըҵľ𣿡
ŮĿݡ
ͷ
ܲǾưɵʦϰȻڣ˵ֻҪкʵĵʦֱӦƸ
Ů˵οô˧Ǿư¡ģ
ϰʲôʱ
ʵ
Ӧûȥ죬ģϰǸˣԲģ
Ů˵Ҫϼ࣬ȵϰˣ̸ͬΣ֮ưɵĹʴã
ðɣҾϰˣ
˵
ŮЦݣ̫ˣ˧磬ʲô֣ܲȸҵһβƺȺȣ
㣡
ߵ̨棬һ۾ƹ˵кܳʱûЩˣȵһʺưɣ
ܿ죬һʺƵƳŮоϲʺƣ⿴ӾԱҵƵרҵ̫࣬ζΣ
ʺƺȥ֮ŮȻȣ̫ˣ㣬һҪѧƣ
㣬ҲҪһβƸǺȣ
λŮɶ̲ס˵
˵ҽһϰ࣬ȸǶһβưɣ
Ҳ̫ûеˣ֡
ƣ֪ԭΪʦŮɾȻưɵľֻû²Żڰ̨Ƶģֻܲࡣ
꼸ƺȻȥˣ˵úϢʽһϰ࣬óưɵһЩϽ㡣
ȻûܿصԢ壬ʫ겻鲻ԸĳţһҲüݾˣû뵽Ǹƹǹˣζôʹϵһ
㣿
Īҽȥ𣬾ͬ־
ʫһۣջ˷˸㣬֪Ҿ͵ˣ
㲻˵ҶԼû
ھưһˮըȻǲӡ
ϵķ˶ܺζʢŻµ
㣬㵽ôˣôȵôѧУ﷢ʲô飡
ڷﰲοš
ʫҲǽ뷿䣬ﰵ乫ԢһŮڳˣҲǸϲȾ֮ˡ
㲢лȾƵŮˣ෴żͣϾܺȾٲ
ȥϴûˣǱİҺȾʲôʱأ
ⷿôôϤԷʱЩ⡣
ǰȻͷʶеһȫ̽Ȼֻƽ˵壬ûǳ֮
еŮ˳ҡһΣʫڱϱݻŮ˵ʫ꣬Ҷ˵ûأɲ÷ң컹Ҫȥưһݣ
Ůʵпһۣ̾ͣ
ʫ˵㣬ԡǱأǳԷĵط
ԣҺ
㣿
ʫɻ
ưɣ
˵
ԣԣǾưǸҪҴڨĳˣ
ʲôҪڨ
ԼʤȰ̫࣡
ˣŮ˾ǽھư￴˵ǸһһˮըŮˣ֮Ǵʫĵ绰ʫٽġ
û뵽ȻһԢģȻ⹫Ԣﻹ涼ЩŮ
ô£ղ˵ȥҹôȥưɣ
ʫʵ
ôưûһǺõģ
Ů˻λҲһ˽ԡҡ
մʱҲŵä˵ԡҵǵĴ㣬ԻҲϴѧʦðɣ㣬˵˵ΪʲôȥưɣдΪʲô
㽫Ͽ¶˵һ飬ʫ˵ǰȥưɵģû뵽ξȻȵôһʲô£
Էǲ̫࣬ϾǵĴԻովȻ˵ԼҪڨ̫ˡ
ܿ죬ԡҵдʫ˵ˣ
յͷ㿴ʲô飬ʱҪԼƽһ£
ôǿû뵽ξȻˣ
ʫ꿴һ㣬˵ո˵ѾǾưɵĵʦˣ
ʲô
㿴Ů˵ЩԾ
ûʲôո˵컹Ҫȥưɣպĵʦæ
ô
ܼ򵥣ҴƾŨȵ͵ľƣ֮Ҫ
㲻Ҹ֭ɣ
ҡҡͷҲŵһϰ࣬ɲڶͱˣ
㣬ֻҪҿŴˣõʲôƣԼöɣư߻ӣҲ㴦ΣյУ
˵ˣ
ô˵һԢģһտģ
ߣٷûи
ʫ˵
ԡûˣӦϴˣ
ܿ죬Իԡҵ˳ŰɫԡûвɵͷƮɢȻɫȥ˲١
ƺϴ裬ȻѲ١
Իһ㣬˵ôǹԢ
㣬ޱޱѣʱסޱޱ䣡
ʫ˵
ޱޱѣҲ֪ޱޱͲ󣬺׽Ѳû뵽ȻһסǹԢ棿
ԻȥѾû⡣
㣬Ҫ˵飬ϳǣǮˣ޷ģֻסˣ
޷ģھưɿʱһӺЩŮأ
Ի˵
ӦƸưɵĵʦѾǾưɵĵʦˣ
˵
Իһ˿ȣ׿˵ǵʦأοһʦŮɵ飬Ҳ˵˰ɣ
ĵʦҪƣҪõ飬οҲûк;飬֮Ի룬Ϊ㱾˼άƣ˵ģư˶Ǻö
ҡҡͷ仰˵ĵ׾ˣҳɣ㶼ң


2049 䵭
⻰ʫ갵ȷһֱˣû뵽㾹Ȼ˵ˡ
ҵȷˣҸӵҽõİΣ㣬Ҳ˽֮£ǾԲסڹԢеģ
ԻƱˡ
Ȼ䵭ǰף
ҡҡͷ׼뿪
ʲô䵭㣬˵ˣ
ʫŵ
ͨҵĹ۲죬һĪĿֻţҽѧϳ֮Ϊ䵭ڻǳڣչȥĻ״Ӱ쾫񣡡
˵
Ӱ쾫񣿡
ʫһһԻԻŭ㣬Ϊ˵Ҿͻ˺ʲôϵõĺܣҪģ
󲽳ȥ
˵㣬ߣҪˣôޱޱ
û£ͺ˵ԼҪ뿪ģлչˣ
뿪ʫ˵㣬ո˵
ֻΪһڰˣҵûһô
Ի˵ͻصԼķ䡣

㲢޴ȥȻصưɣҲɻ󣺡㣬ⶼҪˣ㻹˵쿪ʼϰô
һûмȫľ࣬ңҪרҵЩĻһҪǽһЩûеľ࣡
˵
ۣרҵ㣬Ͼίסɣư滹зģ
˵
ͷ
иסһưķ䣬ʵҲǿ˺ȾƵİᣬûб֮⣬ǲ
ҾưƹϷõƻǲ٣ưѾŴȣ˺ԱѾ뿪ҲǵһβԼ¡
ǿǼһҪħ䣬ѽ츮кСϧһˣõű˸ϳԢ
Щơ
㾭ʵ̫࣬Ҳû̫飬ܿڰɳ˯ˡ
ڶϣճϰ࣬Ͼưɷµװ˧þưŮɶһ֦Ҳ
˵û뵽װΪһ㿴ûкüϵŮҪƼβƣ
æòɿԣ㼦βƵĴ󲿷ֶŮӣ֪˸ʦҲǱʵ˼Ҫơ
ȻרҵʦӦ־ưˣǾԲģȹƵļβƣѾвŮҪһ
ҲǴżŮ裬ǶܿģΪưɵٷһ
㻹ĵʦЩ飬ȷˣ
ԻС
촩һɫװȻ¶ȴ˵ԸУظҲҪһ̽뷨
㵹ЩУ˵Ҫȵʲôˮը
Ҫˮըҵľƣܵ
Ϊʲô
Ϊרҵĵʦ
Ҳó
Ц
Ի˵˵һרҵĵʦҪƣҪ飬仰ҽһƵͬ£˵ȷˣ
ԣǸģ
뿪ޱޱ˹Ԣ·ԣ˵ǣԼסڹԢ
Ի˵
ҿǼǵ˵ûг˽֮ǰǲҳڹԢģ˵ѵ㹻˽⣿
ˣزȥɣҽȾƵģıְ
ԵƬ̣
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ԻҡҡͷҲǸų˰ᡣ


2050 Գ
Իڰ̨˾뿪ưɡ
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ҿɲΪڴ֪֮󻹻ϲ㣡
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˵
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УʱסĻԻģ
˵
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ȵ뿪ҲڰɳϣϿЦΪϳϼ£ȥ츮Сϧˣû뵽ӦһĲ£ȻѶȲ󣬵ɻԼٶһծʼǵĻȻûһĻҲҲлĸŮͬסԢ
ҲգҲ˭ԻƢȻãɫȴһңܱϱ˺̫࣡
ʱȻ漴߳ᡣ


2051 츮
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һŷŴͼƬһõվϴѧⷢ
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ϲϴѧķΧҲ߶ѣϴѧй涨߶ĻҾʹ뿪ˣ
˵
Ҳû취ǰ˱ضѧУ漫֮ˣ򲻻һ۾Ϳ㲻ϴѧеѧʦǿϧǰһˣ룬ȴǿλɽװٴ¶Ц


2052 
Ҳѧϲ˳У԰ϴѧȴǴ˿ŵģСӣϴѧҽѧԺԺܸ˸ոտ㾫տҽ
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νǼλʡ쵼Ҳ̨ĿǾһ˵ֻжһЩϽʦŻﾴ֮⣬ǽԻǲò
ʦǿλͬѧٵӺŽǻǻⳡԤѾãĽѧѧǵķӦùζޱ
֣ʵڲ֪дʲô

ԻûӦЩʡ쵼αʰϣ뿪ңǼλʡ쵼Ҳ˵ʦѧտԸҲǶһʦʱѽǵƨĶϣʦЩ˼

ԻųȥΪҪ㣬Ҫȥ⵽ôһ¡
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ģ㲻Ǿưĵʦ𣬵ƲĹģҲӦھưƣ
ưϲӪҵҰϲУ԰ѵҲ𣿡
ݸһЦ
У԰ȻҹܣǣҵĿ֮ϣҾͱ֪ԭ򣡡
Իȵ


2053 ݼ
ģף
˵
⣿ʲô飡
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Ц
ԻҡҡͷͲ٣㵹ǻ࣬ոڽֵǲûϳ㲢ѧ
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˵
Իɫѿаһﵽô֪µٶ˵飬ѵҶĻ׳
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òһֱŮںĵطԻһ䣺ʲô˼⼸ҺƵĹ֭оɲ٣ѵĻ˵
˵ҵƵġΡֻʱ飬ûı£
а취ң
Ȼ
ͷĻʲô
Ҳƽ޹ʰңҪ֪ҽϳԢģܶԵԼְҵƹ֭ҺȣѾǲˣ
Իš
˵Ѿ˹ðɣУ
ǣ
ĽñҪԼ壡
˵
ҪӴԻ˳ΪҽʦĲû취
ԻǿӲϾŮˣŮ˾;᲻ںԼòľѾң֪˵ľǼٵģԶҲ˼֣κң
ҪǲҵĻ罫Ҹϳ칫˰ɣ
Ц
Ի˵˵칫ɫ̫ˣ
칫ҶҪģ
룡

Ѱ칫ҵļװ޴źԻ˵һ飬뿪ϴѧԣϴѧĿѾȫﵽԻԼǸεˡ
ҪԻװԼȻǵһ

һĿγԻЩͷۣû˵ȷӰԼĽ
뿪֮ܿƣ׼ɫǽֽɻΪʲôҩЩֻı价
ֻԻӹ绰绰洫տ쵽ˣһȥݼɣ

Ҷϵ绰ԻȻץһͷ۾˲ͨ죬ȴ޲
ϣʦԻо죬Ƕ֪ԻĮԸûһλʦǰڨ

ڶ죬ֱԻ칫ңԻҲûΣ˵磬ͽЩǽֽȫȥˣֽ
Իҡҡͷѣ
ûȥưɣҺܲ죡
鲻ã
Ի˵Ҫôң˵
ĲҩҽģҲ㿪κҩģҲҪưɣһһҩƸ㣡
˵

ԻҡͷУ
£
֮Уȥ㣡
һŮˣһֱ£Щأ
òܣľưɵȥ˵һ׼ʱȥҩƣ
Ի˵ߡ
˰֣Ҳû˵ʲôֱ뿪˰칫ҡ
ҹ
ԻƸڡһƬصأԻĸ׾
ÿζݼĸףΪԼס
ԻĸʱȥҲǴ꿪ʼԸ׳˳ޣΪ֪ĸ׵ҪϺܴһΡ
ԻϸʻĹϣʱƸڡ̣Ĺԣۿʪ
裬ִҵ绰Һһݼ㣬ҲôģҪĻʹʱΪʲôҪȥĲҹ飿
ңֿЩ֪ûиĵĲϰߣǼǰķӶˣΪ˻ծ
裬ҪǻǸöãѾȫˣҪ֣ҲܹϺõ
ԻĹԺģʮĹԣȻ޷Լ
Ȼȴûз֣ΣȴһڿԶӰںҹܳ
ǽŲſ죬ܿԻĸ׵ĹԳ֡
ˣ
ԻʶãȻҹǽ¹ϡܿǰ⼸˵װ磬ǻ졣
⡮Ƹڡ죬ˣȻǼ鷳顣
ٺ٣϶ûƭǣˮŮݼĸףТĵŮֻͷ̫ǶˣΪ˻ծŮҪˣ
Ůɫ˵ϴѧĽʦôŮˣûʦأ
ѿ¶Цҹ£˶˵ǡ
ʲôҵ䣿
ĸѾǣ׼ȷ˵ǽͻὫߣȻҩӽԺ㽫ǵūɫϴ˱ضҪĽǮֱ׬
һ˹Ц
ԻԺ˲両ֳгֵĸŮԵҳΪūţû뵽ԼҲΪ֮һ
Ҫߣ⼸˶ǷＯŵˣݣתݼ䣬Ի·ȫ¡
ΧûˣûУԻҪҲǲܵġ
ô죿
ԻԽԽ
Լĸݼĸףѡҹʱݼû뵽ȴǻᷢ顣
־ܰɣСˣĻǻܵʹģ
ң˭ٹͱ
ֻ߬УȻһȴǳ˹ȥֱһȭԻֱײֱֻӵϡ
ǻ콫ֻУЦ㱨ΣȻھ֮ǰߣΪòǲŲǿὫߣŮˣһȭˣ
ǡûǳҪץסģǷŹңһУҿԵûз
ԻûԼԽԷܣЩзﾭﷸҲԼԻΨһ뵽ģֻʱ䣬ȴԮ
ʼţ˻ݼˡ
壡
Իõĺܼ򵥵ֻͻȻ


2054 Ӣ۾
ǻ쿴һֻĺ룬ЦΪʲô콫绰㣬ԭһСѾͷС椣㣬·ӣԹǴ߰ɣ
ֻⶪԻǰԻǽޱޱĵ绰ңȻޱޱ֪ԼҲǾԸϲԼġ
ߣ
˷ʩ
һ˫ְԻļ粿׼һֽԻϣȻʱĹȴǴһ졣
ϸȥˡ
Ȼ񣬵ûһ˾ģϾܲ˸סڷĹϰɣɥĲå죬Ҳûĵ
Ƿ
һ̣ȴһΪĹǷ
ţһӰĹĺ֣Ϊɢվǰ
һԻϳˣȻǾưĵʦ㡣
ôֻڡƸڡҿӣӦһֱĹ棬ոҹɫ̫ʣûȥĹ濴֪ǼһûԼĸ˵Ļ
ǣĳ֣ԻҲΪܾԼϾǰЩɶǷԱ
Сӣ㵹ǵ󣬽ĹԼô
סԻĻͣµĿ㣬Ҷúܺ棬ϾûпڷĹ˯ŵļһ
ϵĳǷһûǴ󵨣ڷĹǿŮ˵ˣ˯صرϣǵΪҪǱץסˣûʮǳİɣ
㣡
Сӣ㻹ҹǵ²ɣ治ˣ
ĻͲ˯ˣ
ЦǴҵϢҪۣ
ЦҪ»Ұ˴ߣ
һλҹζ࣬
Ǹ뽫Իٴץסȴû뵽㵱确»Ұһ㣬ת˲ǽ߷ɳȥ
һˣ𺳣˭û뵽㾹Ȼҳ֣ô
Ի״ס˵ڶýңĳ֣Σôڷصصĳ֣ͳԻ֪Ӧôȥˡ
ԼӶҪ·ˣһϵе⣬·𶼵òش
µǳŭĿСӣ֪˭𣬵ǣûȥ
ԣ
Ц
ʧҪԸ⼸ˣó֣Ȼ˶һĻ죬ǹҲ
첻ͳȥû뵽ָ죬һһţٴν߷ɡ
СӣǸӣĥˣսپ
ȻҪͷ񣬾Դ

һ죬ȻͳһѺɫǹԻǹ۾ɴ󣬺㣬ǹ
˶ǷŻԻԻ䣬Ǵ㽫ԻǿдߣﵽǵĿġ
ЯǹеҲ·ⱻץס˶аףҪǱץסĻǶ׼ܽġ
ȥɣСӣ
˰֣ԼǹģһĨɭЦ⣬·𿴼ӵ͸üѪ쮳Ļ档

Ի̲סս۾̵һĻʼղȥ
飡
飡
飡
Իû뵽ǣȻǹǹ꣬ûʹǹǻĴֿôᣬ㡭㵽˭
ǱƷסˣЩ
ԻоתĪˣ۾ӳһĻȻһŲǳǹԴϣǰһУƫƫʱǼһﻹĸգ۾
ĴһܣȻɥʧս
ոջ쿪ǹһʱ䣬Լٶȶ㿪ӵת˲佫˻ӵҲûд塣
ӵ꣬ҲһŲԴϣ˵ôǻ뱨𲻳ɣ
ë磬ô죬Ǵ򲻹İɣ
˵
磬㵽ϵģҪǶеҵĴ
ë硯Ľŵ˲ˣ¶ɬЦݣϣܷһ·
Ի
ԻڽҲ̷Ӧߵߣ˵Ұ֣ǷǶǮ
ë硯Դһ㣬˵ǷˣǲҪǮˣ
ʲôǴʲô
һڡë硯ԴϣҲɿԼĽš
ë硯ԼԴɥ˵ͷǵĵ¶ĳǷʮծķˣ֪иŮԺ˵ԸծŮ
ʮǾ͸ˣǺôĵӣ
ȵ
Իһ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼһ̣ôơ
磬ҲǻڷԣͷծҲֻܴŮˣҪͷͻǮõ

Իʵ
ְֳ˶ģ·ȥ㳹ǣǶĳϴҲҴ绹Ǯ룬ȥ
ǣǲˣ
ԻŭҪƳʲôӣ
ë硯ͷ˵
㣬ǹɣҲٿǣסٱˣǻ°ɣ
Ի˵
ҲԻǰɱˣϾϰŮˣҪٿԼǰϰء

һ䣬Ǽ˲ŸҸϽ뿪
㿴Ի۾ʪҲǰοϾв鷢˵ǣһΣˣ
ô
Իʵ
Ҫ˵Ҳǰݼģ𣿡
ϳǣݼ˭
ݼλỊ̇
ָָԻĸ׵Ĺ
ԻĹϷŵĻȦ˵ұΪ⻨ȦҰְģû뵽Ȼ㣬㣬ԽԽˣ
˵˵ɣΪʲôôˣ
ĹԣϵԻûа㻳ɣԻҲã˵ʵһֱ˵ûҵȷˣΪҪЩ˱Ҹ׶ĲҸΪĲ˼ĸ׸ܣûаչˡҵļңʱ򣬾ɢˣ
ˣ
˵ڰ칫ҾͿԻĻȦⲢ칫ҵװ޲ãȻԻҪȥݼˡ
Ի˵ȥ˾ưɣҲȻҪȥĹء
ú棬һŮΪʲôҪϵʱȥĹأѵô
ѯʹ֪֮ԻҪݼĸףҲ뵽Ի־˵ϰǺĸ׵йء
ǳҪԻֻǽյĿǾԼ£ǰĹصȺ
ë硯˵ĳ֣벻ģǵĳ֣ҲǸһǡֵġӢ۾ʱ
£ԻֻΣòٻʱԻͻ᳹װԼˣû뵽ʱԻȴһɵĿԼ


2055 ĳ
Իʰᣬ棺㣬ǰΪʲôôɺϳڶýһΣΪʲôĹ棬͵Һĸ׵ĶԻֻǣΪʲôôɺϣ
еһжҰŵģ
˵
ԻͷĻôôɺϣ
ҿǵӾ翴ˣôôΪʲôأ
ʵ
Իһʱ֮˵ˣΪǮȻԼǮ˵УΪСʹ˵ԵʣԻΪϲԼ
˵˰ɣ
ЦЦ־ȥĵ¶ĳӦ֪ɣ
Ҫ
Իжĵ١
ȥ
Ҹףûи׻ὫԼŮңӦûǮ˰ɣ
Ի˵
ոǼһﲻ˵ǻּǮôһͽԸڶĳﲫһô
˵
Իûлش
ζ㣬ʼף޷ı䣬ţĸҪǻϵĻһϣܳ׸ıĸףϾĸˣ
Իסֱļϣĵ׷·ӿһã˫۵УȴǿǴЦݣůġ

󸻺¶ĳ
ϳĶĳΪĳϴŲپֵϵ԰ȫԼѣٸͽϲġ
󸻺⣬վһЩһҹĶͽȻҲһ̲̲˵ѪЩѪһ㶼ڶĳǧͽ޷ծϡ
ϴͷȴСĺܣСǮȻ˼Сʱڻһı𣡡
ͷп԰̺۵Ļ칧վһλŽɫ۶еԡ
˾ǡ󸻺ĳˣнΪͱȽ׳˶ϵ˶֣ǽ硣
ҽ£ԶԵԼģͷһӶ˽ŮҲˣǮ֮鿪ģ
˵
ǽСаϴԶ˵ԼԵģⶼҪ˵Ůץȥˣ⻹Եء
ϴҪͷǮˣûüֵˣʱ򣿡
ǮҸҪˣǾԼ飬ҸǮɲĳĲģҪǶĹˣԺǾͰſڵ·ҲǸȾȾˣ
˸ѩѣЦ˵
ԣôǮģ˵㽫ŮǮû£
һŶĴСĶϣһ˶һעӴС˵
ƺֻӴСԼ˵һ̣ʧ֮ɫڴĶıȫ˳ֻʣǧһ㡣
ôԣֿˣ
ĺܣģСһֱ䣬̵ģ
˲ŵԱɣԻĸס
ո˵ʲôŮ
ɲ𣬷Ļôжıģ
ֻ̣ҪŮԶٷѣϲŮŮ۽ߣŮԷֻǰһ˶ѣ
Ա˵Ǯʵǰõģ
ԣǲڶĳɵˣãֻҪŮԶٷȥĶծһǮڶĳӻ
ҪŮ˵Ҳ쿪ʼҲŮˣ㣬ɲֻ¶ĳϰѣ£вٶļһǽŮץߣٻǴ׬⣡
̵ģ
Ա
ȥĶ
ҵȥҽ֣ӾҲܰŮˣ
ԣôʱôͿϵأ

Ӵͷı飬˶ıôѵʲôң
ҧһѩѣ
ﻹǧ࣬ӲҪˣŮأ㲻˵ֻʵԶٷôôˣôأ
ͷôϴ˵ģģҪ֪Ķıϴ󷢴ȱ͸ģֻʣôˣǮô
Ů
ԱĿ⵱żּᶨ

һȦһЦǲĻŮѾȥУ
ʲô˼
ԣòΪֻҪŮԶٷɣһٷԵʮҽɵô
ɵ̵ģҶŮ
Ա˫ͻȻ
һ˵ϴһǰҲǸӣĵ㣡
ĸëͷ⼸궼ڶĳָ֣ҲֻǷһҪֶ֪һ첻кܴĲģ
̵ģ
ԱֱۣһֱץסǿĻ죬Ȼ˦ڵϣһ˵ұۣꡯһ죬ͷ
Բۣ
쿴жһ
ȴǲΪȻǼˣָ֣٣ҲвѧĻ죬űһ˵Щʲôֱӳһ뿪
˵ͷ֪ʱܴ򣬾ˣҲ֮£ǽȫɱأŮȻҲҪ֣͹̫ôƯŮã
Ҫǽ첻Ů˵һֱѿѾȻһӸ£
Աŭ
ʱ¶ĳѾҳһţжͽעߡ
˵ͷҶĳУʧ⣬ߺߣҪ֪֪ʲôôдģ
ܿ죬źɫƷ˳ڽԣɱϵĹ졣
һ£蹷һԱɡ
Աɴһ˫ִʽҲûη塣
ϾˣƷ˶ߣȻʽûԱϬǿ׳˺Աɸռˡ
飡
һȭУԱɵɶײǽϣýϷЦͷҸǮúöĲʲô鶼ûУҪҲڣݹҽˣ
ҺԣҲӦýһиģ
֮ǰԱ˰̾һȻúܿͻڴ⿴ԱɡѪ
еϵĹأͷƻҵ⣬ҪҲ㣬ϳǣ˭ӣ
˵
ģʾ
˭Ҳӣ
һȺ
˷ܣҪ˵ʲôȴǿȺ߳
һһŮеĴװ˧Ůĸˣ޿ޡ
ؼŮˣ֪ģԱɵŮԻռƻԻӦȥĳе·ϡ
Ϊʲôڶĳأˣ˭ոһ﷢ģϴЦݣȻġ

ԱȴǼ˵


2056 
ԻԱǶѪգȻشոպ˼ԼϵҪֶϽŲɡ
ԻһԲûԱɡ
СӣҪͷͷԻµİɣ
˵
ϴ󣬴²
ĳֳˣڡƸڡĹر˵Ļ죬ǻ·͸ߣû뵽Իȴǿһ
һС¶첻ãڲŹҴ²

ȫͷҷ
ֿһ㣬ùȻСˣСӣҵ˴ˣ߱ҵŮˣߺߣѵ֪˭𣿡
֣
㵭˵
Ȼ֪㻹ңͲ
ǲ˼µľӣ
Ц
вٶͽҲЦЦ
ϴ󣬺Сӷϻôɴֶţ˵ʲô
һ˵
ȴҡҡͷҽϳ㣬ֻᶯ֣˽ҽΪ㣬Ҳ㽲
㻹Ҫô
ݸЦ
ԻԭͷҳծģҲĶծȫˣǮϣѾ御㽫ԻߣӻͷңǷҵЩծô
˵
ǷծԼΪŮ
Ա˵
㻹ʲôˣҵǮ
ǮǷ٣
Իˡ
ծŮôһʮ򣬼ҽ㸸׵򣬶ʮԻΪҲֻ֪Ǹʦʮ㸸׻ծ
Ц
ǲǽǮ壬ͿԴˣ
СӣǮͷˣ
Ц
ϵװ֪СǸҲѧСҪǿͷȻ
㾹ȻͷµǧǮȫЩԣʵĳţ
賿㣡
˵
ڲʮ㣬ʱ仹ܳ㣡
ʲô˼ҪҵĶĳ
ôô
СӣҿûôʱڣֻһСʱһСʱҪͷֶϽţ
˵
㹻ˣ
ת
֣ͽȫɢȥ
Ի㣬˵㣬ҪûǮҿ˽裬ðհǧıӮʮ򣿡
һҪһСʱ֮ڣǶɣ
ң͸ߣ
˵
Իû취ֻѡ㣬ΪҪ㣬ԱɵֽͱˣﻹӳһСʱ
ĴСĶԣ㽫еǧ౾ȫˡ󡯵
аôһͽȫĶıѺˣҪˣǻ˵ã
ϽǮԼжǮ׼㡣
սʣ߰ٶֽ˳㿴ׯѾݹһƱȻӮһǡ
㡭Ӯ˰
ԻЩΡ
ЦǮ׼ҳԷɣڣӦòˣ
ԻǮҿʼЩţܴһ漣ˣ
ڶ֣ҲɵĶУȫӮ
ĴСʱ٣ҲǷǳ֮ߡ
ǰ켣ĳȻ˵͵ӰһܹƣҪ˵ʲôģǺɵġ
ĴСǿӵԣҲѡȽĶķ
һ֣ȫӮˡ
ߵļλͽ۾ˣǶ⣬
ҡӵׯЩ޿κΣ͸һ֪ԼӵĵҪȥ˲ǵȵȣ
ͷ㲻ǻΪСӿҶĳӮ¶ʮɣ
ĳĴ棬ѩѣЦ硣
ĴСĶﻹһξ룬ܿڶµı֡
Ա˵ҿŮˣ
㣿ֶϽŵʱ򣬿Ů᲻ḧأ
˵
ϴСаĺܣǶϣӮ֣ÿһֶǽȫıѹϣѾʮĶıˣ
һӣ
˿ʱ䣺ģСҪ첻ɣҹȥĴСǰɢֻҪʱһСӲһǮͷҪҶֽŵģ
ǣϴ󣡡
ͷ̾뿪˶ĳ
ׯңϲȻôãزˣ
ҲҪ˵ǻעأòҵ׬⣡

㣬ô죬ѾȥСʱˣҪٲѵǾҪһֱȥеǮǲʮأ
Ի˵
ͷӦǲˣߣȥ
ȻͷʶȴоΧٶĳ˶עԼ·Լһһǵ֮С
ԶЦ˹˵СӣĴСѾǰɢ»аСʱҪĿ꣬һأ
ôΪľͲӮǮ𣿡
ĴСӮ֣˹ʺˣĶķɾûôˣӮѣ
˵
ô
ܿһŶ£ԻһȻǾŵ룬ڶĴС
Σ棡
˵
ԻһȣҿûĹ
ֻҪƾˣ
˵
ʵŵ淨ͶĴСƣǶĴСӵĵ˿ƣȴû͸ӣϾѾ޷ͷʶȥ
˵ԻϣԼһ
о壬һѹ򣡡
ׯҺܿ췢ơ
ׯҵĵ롣
Ի۾еƶϣ㡣
Ӯ˰
ԻЦݡ
û뵽Цģ
˵
Իָһۣһ֣ѹ٣
һǧ
һǧ
Իûԭ򣬵Ǻܿ죬һ֣Щգȴ˵һǧѣһ֣ѹȫǮһ11ǧ
ȫ
Իզ࣬Ҫˣ֮ǰȫŬ׷ˡ
Ի˿ʱ䣬ֻʣ°˷ӣȷҲû̫ʱˡ
һ֣ȻֻӮ䡣
ܷ㸸ףͿˣ
˵
ԻͷʱׯѾƣׯҲ֪ҪڶĳӮ¶ʮܴͷ뿪һ֣ĶǺ顣
Ͼŵ룬ǸɷּĶķҲûʮɵİӮ
Իõ˿ƣȻ۾˫˶տڷСѹԻֱϣ·עһԻȻ۾
˵㣡
ׯҳ˿ĿⲻмĿ㣺Ӯѣ
Ŀϴһôԣ
ƿһŵƣ˶ǸҾš
һţҾͲŻлƣ
ô
ȻƿڶƣһʮҲ㹻Ӯ㣡


2057 ޷ԭ
ׯҰ˵㣬ŵȴǾźʮŵ㣬ȻӮˡ
ԻҲǵһʱ伤ĴλվҲǷŭߣָָõʱӣʮ㣬һӣʱ俴ոպã
Ӯ˶ʮΣȻܴͷ
ȵ
Ƕʮǧ½ǮˣĻŵڶ죬ĵ¶ĳ᲻ڣ
˵
壡
˵
һʮǧһֲ٣ԻҲǽǮȫյԼİ˵֮ǰ˵ˣֻҪܻծͷŹ㻹ûã
ǵȷծǣͷ֮ǰðңΪ󸻺ˣҪðңܰȻĴȥԺʲôվ
ȵ
ô˷һСʱ㻹ǲ׼Ǵˣ
˵
ˣͷҴ
ȵ
ܿ죬ԱɱƷץϡ
죬Ҫ˵棬ͷͷծãҸһӣֻұۣ
ûʸ
Ի˵
ûŮ˵ķݣǻծҷҪ˫˫ţ
ԻְַҴ뿪
˵
Իһʱ֮ȫ˺͸ֲ֮죬̽Աɷ
ߣСӣ㻹뽫ͷߣ쿪
ҡҡͷЦ
Ȼһ̣ȴЦΪЦʱ򣬲Ѿױ㰴סʯһٶȣ߶ûеһʱ
Сӣʲôϴ󣡡
˺ȵ
֣ողЦĺܻôأôЦˣ
Ĳӱס֪ߵӾͻᱻϡ
˵ɱҲûãǵ¶ĳǣǶӲģ㽫ҷˣԭεΪ
ԭҵΪҪԭңԺڵ¶ĳǻϣ
ֻҪŹңұ֤Ի
㻹ʸ̸ô
һ䣬ָ
𣬴磬˵ʲôʲôɱң
ʹ
ԻְִعԢȥǣ

ԻҧҧԱ뿪¶ĳûһ˸赲ǣΪѾļһ˵ĻὫĲϵġ
ͷѾˣ磬ڿԷң
㲱ӻǴֵģҲ
ɿ
ܿ췭ץסСӣӽҪŪ
ƾĸһô
ɫƷѾվǰɢɱɢɱȴ֪ǵϸȻߣǲԸһ컹УҪмңֶ֪ôдġ
ǳ֮ȻʧȴǱȳǿ̫࣬ӵеĸ񶷼Ҳ⼸ܱġ
˳֣ȴûаη壬ץסһߵ˫ۣ˲˫Ϊᵲ˵Ĺ
һ̣ȭûǳ֮ȭ߶ǸûԿ
һӣȫڵϡ
ոҪɱĽʱȴԭأŴ󣬸ǰʵ
ģڸʲôĸӮһҪʲôã
ŭ
ڣӦúúõԼˣӣ
˵
磬𰡣۲ʶ̩ɽԸҰ
˵
ոߣǽ鷳Ƕ򲻹ˣԼԶԸˡ
£ֻɱ
Щͬϣмɱǣ˵ҿԷһԺ֪˸ɧԻףݹһˣ
ǣǣǣ
ͷҷ졣
ߺ󣬽˿¶ĳǵĲٶͽΪ뿪ʣµĶͽٵĿ
ҽСӵĵϸңҾ
ϴСЩ죬õĺܣǶ֣
ȥһ˵
ԵģҳҾЩ߶Ҫɱ
˵

ϵԢʱԱѾɳˣԻڷûг
ŵĽޱޱ˵㣬˵ڶĳӢ۾ٺ٣ʲôʱôģ
Աɿ㣬ҲվǸм㣬лԺõԱɵĵطܿڣ
壬ֻҪӦԺģҾ㣬ֵõģ
˵
ԱɫȻûдӦ㡣
ޱޱ˵ô죿
أ
ڷȰأʫ⼸쾯ֿԣزˣ
ˣң⣬˴£ֻҪȻͺˣ㣬ǸˣҲǸְĸףҺúչ˻
Ա׼뿪
˵壬ҪǾ뿪ܶ˵飬ûˣɳȵȣ
ţտķţȻäǶˣ֪ˡ
㣬ˣȳȥˣ
˵뿪䡣
ԻڴϣһԲ۽δɵᣬϣ˵ڶĳǣ㽫һ̣ĸزʱĸŮô
Իҡͷ
ȫصԢʱȡıô
ԻȻҡͷ㣬ͷʹҲ֪ԺʲôӶĳǻұӦøмģǲ֪ΪʲôԺһֱиң㲻⣬⵽Ϊʲôʱһͨ˰һСæﶼȻ
Сʱְ㣬ʲôʹ˵ô
ʵ
ԻƴҡͷûУûУ
Իƭң֪ңĻ㸸㣬Ҳˣ
Ҳˣ㣬ȥҳȥǸˣ
Իͷʹ˵
ۿԻ״̬ܲָԻѨλ滺ѹ
ôˣ
յҲǿŽȥ
ԱҲһ֪һֱҶԲĸŮҵĴұӦԭ£ǣĲһټǷȥ
Իɫ˲٣ҲָȻԱɣû˵
Ѿ֪ҲǱƭˣǰ˵ʵ̫Ҫһʱ֮㣬ѣ
˵
Ϊʲô֮㻹ҪȥģСʱǸߴİְ֣ΪʲôҼʱʧˣ
ԻͻȻ˵
ԱĿȻȴǲܵĳԱɴʱĵľ尾
Ҫԭ㣬ܣǣǻΪŮĻҲȥĳˣҲ´ڶĳ濴ģѪ
壬ҲǷȥһҪţԺǻԭģ
˵


2058 ʪʹ
Ա˵ΪĲеһУڻƽգҲͨˣûκƽҸҪҪҴӦ㣬ڶĳ֣
Ա˵ת˵壬㲻ס𣿡
ˣԼҲⷿ
Աɿһ㣬ߵͷŷ뿪
ҹҲǻصưɡ
Ϊ飬һ٣ʱưɸҪţ࿴㣬Ҳ˵㣬ûܶŮӶʧǶϲƵļβأ
㻹ûش˵ǻңϲϰ࣬û뵽죬Ǿ벻һ
ɣҵƵļβƱȽϷǵƷζɣ
Цһϰģҿɲ뱻۹ˣ
ģǾưɶǲ۹ʵģֻҪĲ̫֣һ㶼ֻ۱ֻ۵ģ
˵ôˣ

źҹЦݲõ࣬Ҳ΢Цͷ
ڶ죬ھưԹͣǴ˵ưϿŵô
ԻҲܣֱ˽䵭˵벻ƽʱסھư棬ͦʡǮ
ϲﻹмҵƵĿȣҪû͵Ļˣ
ˣҳԹˣֻȹ֭ûдӦϱˣ
Ի˵
ǣҼǵ˵
˵˵ɣ㵽ʲôң
ԻӰóһǮӮ˶ʮǧȥҰֻծĶʮﻹʣ°ǧҸģ
㻹ȥ˵¶ĳ

Իͷ
ǻûΪ㣿
Ҳ֪ҸǵеһܣȻҾ뿪ˣ
Ի˵
͵ģӳѨһȥҪٽץסҿٲܳˣ
ҲЩ󣬰յǲӦ÷ŹԻİѵĿѾı䣬Ըң
û£ģʫȥģҲܶԾֵ˶ְɣ
ʫꣿ
Ȼԭк̨˵סһǲо죬нʦѧ
ȷܺãУ۸
ǮúãƵĹ֭أ
Իʵ
ʲôҿ鲻ǲͨ˲飿
ûͨʲô飿
ԻңңͷıȻʲô㲻ҲԻȻͨȥƸڡĹأǸԱŮ˵ĸ׻δǷϵɥĲĵزһжоȡ
Իƺһ֭Իȹ֭ɫأǽ죬ȻԻûЦݣǾͶ֮䶼һֺΡ
Ի㡣
֭꣬ԻƬ̣˵ʵĺ֣ƵĹ֭ħһ㣬ʱȴܶ飬㣬ӹԢϳȥʵڱǸ
ʽҵǸô
һϣҲЦɡ
ԻЩΣϾ˵Ǹ˵ˣס

Ͳ½鷳ô
㲻ѾǮô
Ի˵
ֻһ棬ⲻǮ⣬ӵ⣬ڵ¶ĳô˶ţýķŹô
ǰͷ̫ʹ㣬֮󵽵׷ʲôôģûΪ㣿
ǽУҲ
赭д
ҰҪҪھʹȥסĵط
ԻЩš
Աǰװʲôںǰȴ¶˳
ǺںԱɵģֻСʱԱɽԻ˵ʵ̫
ǸŮĹϵоȣ
а
ԻԱɵסʵǸ˴ĻᣬڽԸԱɣʵ̫С
Ͼýʧ棬ǽԱɱϵҲýһ˳ӣֻнץߣ档
Ի²Ҳ˵˵ԭ㸸ôּ治֪ʲô˼
˵ȥֻǴȥѣ
Ի
ֲҸףھư˯ã
ˣ˲ﵽ׵ڵ¶ĳǻծѵҪֲ𣿡
Ի˵УҪ㣬ڡƸڡҾ͡
㲻ԻɳϣԸ
Ի˵Һһȥ˰ɣˣҾ㿴˵
߰ɣ
챾£ҲǺԻ뿪ưɣʱڲԶ˱ӰҲ˵ô᣿ôˣȻŮھưɹҹߣ
ԱϴѧԶʵҲҪԻĸ㡣
һƬ𲢲󣬶ԱǺƾɵʽᣬһһܼ򵥡
ԱȻǶͽǷȴǸɾࡣ
ԹϵƬԱɺ˿ڰ׿ˮ谵޹⣬ΪǱ⣬Щʪ
ŷΪ˿ԼԼȥ¶ĳ
ÿȥϰߣҪһӸı䣬ס
ЩǣԻҪӦҪ󣬽ǾĹҵԻġ
ӣʲô鶼ɵóҪټԻ֣ǸǺã
ɫָֻƽ㣬򲻴Ա֪ǲǻˣ
飡
һ
˭
壬ң㣡
˵ܲ٣ܲپ͵
ԱҲǸϽŴ򿪣ӡܺãҲҪ̽ԻϢ

ԱɿԻҲվ⣬ҲһϲƬ̣к˽¡
ԻɫĮ뷿䣬СʱĸһȻɾҲǿһиڰ࣬ӦԻĸףԱɲûԼӡ
壬ЩʪˣǰΪ
˵
ס˲ʱˣûУһˣڣ
ô壬ÿ糿Ƿᱳʹ
ô֪
Աɾȡ
˵ѧҽʵڵ¶ĳҾͿˣǰӦѧģ֮ʱȱټ˥ϣԹˣʱԸߣڻ¡
㻹û˵꣬Աɱҡͷ˵
ﳱʪ쳣㾭Ϣ㻼˱Ƚ׻ķʪʹȭţʪʹӦ÷˰ɣ

ԱɵͷҪȻĸӻ治
˵⻰Ƿһ켣ĳļһ
Իȴ˵ﲻסˣҸҹӣסĵط
Աɿ˿Ի̫鷳ˣסͦģҲԳȥɹɹ̫ģ
ֻƽʱֱȥ¶ĳʱȥɹ̫أ
壬ԻҲΪ룬ʱѧûб̫ʪʹ֢ҪǼסֻò񻯣
˵


2059 Ҫ㣿
Աɲ鷳ԻܾԼǷԻʵ̫࣬ԻԼѾԱˡ
УһҪҵģǹԢ¥ԶвٹԢҪģҽͰã
ԻǿӲ˵
ǡ
ԱЩΪѡ
ģÿ»㽻ã֪ʱûйҲûϽⶼ⣡
ԻԱɵĹ˵˳
Ҳ㣬㻹ûꡭ
˵ˣǶۣ
Իҡҡͷ
ԱɵͷðɣûٶҪʰģҲã͵Ǵͷʼ
Իȥһ˳ⷿн飬ܿöһ乫Ԣλö൱ȻǮҲԸߵ㣬Իʾܳܵס
㽫ӮİǧóԱɸŮ˶ٷϣŮȻô˵㿴óֻҪٹʱ䣬ԻԽԽܸ׵ġ
صưɣɫƺЩÿ㻻װŮӱӵҲûʱȥ˼ܣ°ʱôˡ
ưڵĮ̇˲ٴѧǴĸƷζഺܻ
Ҳż죬ϾǵʦͿ˽ҲǱزٵ顣
˧磬һʺƣ
һѧ˫۷ŵ˵
ͷҪƼβƵʱȴᵽһ˿ɱ⡣
ⲢͷʶŸܵΣУЩڸλĥ£ưȻҪԼ֡
˭ҪŪأ
аѵǽɵˣ
ưȻЩ谵ȴѾɱֵĿꡣ
һˣװ̨ϺơƣȴһֱԼ
㲻ɫĲʺƣĿģ
̫ˣ˧磬ζ治
ѧЦĲãҲͻȻһɫװˣ۾ðǹ⣺ۣһ˧磬Ҿưôô˧簡
һķƣ
һЦĿһֱ㣬˵㲢ֻҪһķưɣ
Щȣ˵ﻹĿģ¿Ҫȱˣ
ң
һߵƣһ˵
ưɱ֣ҸոմλϾʱۺʱ֣
ǴѧľưɣǴѧҪǶ֣Ӱ̫󣡡
˵
ɻ󣺡ѵӦȿԼİΣôϾȻǳģ
ԣҲûݹ
ǽˣϰ֪ʵ㿪𣿡
ЦŽӹոյõķƣһڣƼ¸ʧҵɣ
û˵
һⱭķƵҺȵģ׳գҰˣ
ת뿪ھɱֱϵʱ򣬹СײһϣԼٶһƻ˵ؿڡ
˵˵ĻУֱӴ˳ȥ
ɱȻ֪б䣬Ƕ˳ȥ
ưȻŽû˻Щ顣
һķƺ˱ٴνưɣûиɱ֡
˵¶ĳϰ壿

˵Ҹ֪˭Ŀģ
ҽжǣֻΪ㣡
˵
ƺδ㣬ҵƸô
֮аˣ㣬Ÿϳǣ
ĺ˽Ҳһʲôˣ
۾
Ҳ̽ĵϸģ޶⣡
Ҳأ
һһֱϳǣֱĵϸŪ
ôҪҺסˣ
Ц
Ҳǵͷתߡ
ưɾҪţҲǿһ۽һ仰ûк˵ࣺôˣһֱææµģƽʱɲģ
ģ
˵
ãǽȴǳƵ󣡡
˰ɣұϾǾưɵľкܶұΪģ
˵У㣬ӽʼ㲻סưˣǹ涨
סˣ
ǵģǾưɿǲ԰סģҪϰˣҿɲ֪νͣ
ðɣ
Ҳǵͷ
ӮİǧסҲ㹻ˣΪʲôڽ췢ôı仯ȫͲƽʱ
㽫װ£·Ҳ뿪ưɡ
࿴ıӰߣŮھưɹҹˣߣ

ǵĳ֣ЩĪǱȻʶⶫǵģȻҪ̽ԼϢͿԿ϶ҪԼ
˭أԼϳǻû죬һǻ˾˭ŵԼ
ڶ죬Ȼ׼ʱھưϰ࣬ǳϵѾھư棬˵λ˵Ҫһβƣ
ͷһβߵǵǰЦݣôһ϶ҵ˭ݰɣ
ȷˣûȤ֪ˣ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ鲻ʲô
ȷһ֤ûеˣҵȷԵ飬Ҷеʱ䣬ҿһֱֱݲµԭ򣡡
˵
ЦЦ⣡
аСӺϿʲôϵȴǼǿֶѵʲôֲɣ
Ҫֶ֪ȻΪͼƬȡڲ飬СӣȻֶǧ˿ƵϵһҪ
ܿ죬ǿһŵ壬󷽵Ů˽˰䣬Ů˵ݣԻ׻ծӦˣһЦȻʲô˵ҪͨߵҵҲδɣ
䵱С
ԻȹƵĹ֭΢΢ϢƬ̣ϸֳһ˿Цݣ֪ΪʲôѾϰߺƵĹֺ֭֮ȫɵĸоʵĿ
ѾסԢ˰ɣ
ȥˣôĵطҲסˣҸоԽĲ
ֻܿԼˣְ֪ˣϾҪǰӷѹԼ
˵
ҽҪȹ֭һҪæ
鶼֪ˣ֪һӦ㣿
кôģ㲻ϣ
Ի˵ʫھֲԲ룬˵ҪǼȥ־ͻὫģǶӦûȥʫ꣡
Ұ
һ뵽ǸѾͷһͷۣһʱƵ¡
ǰ㣬Ƕ벻иõѡؼǹԢסپ㲻ǻˣ
㲻ǽҸϳô
ҡҡͷ
ҶǸˣϰȥԢ˯ΣޱޱЩҪϰǲȥԢģ
˯Ҳͦõģҿܻ᲻Ӧģ
˵
Իһʱ֮Ҳû˰취ԭأһֱ㣬һۣ˵ңû˱ô
ι㣬ѵҪԻ𣿡


2060 ѵ
ԻԸ񣬸ˣ£ȴǾ㲢Ǽ飬Ͼľˡ
ôгķϣҪھܾ㣬ƺЩ˵ȥˣ
˵
Իһ˿ϲô˵ǴӦˣ
ͷ
ҪסڹԢҲãǵİȫˣҪ֪տǡ
ʲô
Իԥһ£û˵ʵûмʣٽȥסıˡ
뿪䣬ѾʧھưɵУԻԭϾûʲô飬Ҳھưɵȵ°࣬ܲǣưľƺһֱǳòԻûкһʶ
㣬ôô㣬ǹԢסģ
ʫ꿴˻صԢҲĪ
ʱھЩæԹԢһЩҲǲ̫ýպͽޱޱȥưκԻ䵭˵һ֪
ҲǴӷ˵ѵİʫ꣡
ѵңʲôЦأҿǾŲ
Ų˭һֱģΪھԲ֪ô
Ի˵
㣬Ƕ֪ˣ
ʫɫΣһ㣺㣬Ҳ֪ˣ
ҿɲ֪ȻԲҲԤ֮У
˵Ůʷ汾ͺЩ࣬Ļ͸ҩɾˣ㳤õмɫҪ˵޳ӦòܣٴҲܵƿ
㣡
ʫŭĿ
ˣ㣬ʫ걾ͲãǰģǴ
ȻطϢϢϣĵ룬ڴ㣡
˵˷䡣
ߣ㣬㿴ΪأȻǰҫģ
ʫ꣬а취ԼĳɼҪ֪ҿۼʶ
Ի˵
ҲͷϴδڡƸڡ㱻ץߣȣޱޱĸףҲǶæ
ҿǾ죬ĶרҵѵᶮҲȷǸߣǺǾȣǿ϶Ҫһأ
ʫ˵
Ҫ֪ǰڵϽ̻ʵɷܻ˵ոյĻ
֮ѵʫ꣬ȷ˵ûʱЩȻְҵԣ
Ǻðɣģ
ʫ˵

峿ʫ𣬵һʱǼ˯СʱȻ˵ĻǸϽ
ϻ˯£ŵ߳˷ţ谵ڴûд򿪣ûйâ
ʫ걾ΪҲûմǽϵĵƹⰴťȴһ㾹Ȼǽ浹
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Ѿˣ㻹Ҫھﵱƿأ
㷭
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ʫڳһϡģ
Ǿһʲô
ٶȰи
ÿһ񣿡
Ц
һ㼰ðɣ㣬ЩϻͿˣ
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ϢҲ˷ʱ䰡
ʫҡҡͷ
ЦС椵ǲ˵˵֮ǰһȣҪһ㡣
ƺûʲô£ɣó˸񶷵ٶȺȫңûʸ̵㣡
˵
һҪʫʮ㣺Ҳ˵ߣĺܣҿǾֵŲҲģ
ʫ촩ŵһۺɫ˯£ڵĿɣһۿȥ޾롣
ҪǺС椹У֪᲻ῴЩӦÿĶ
㿪ʼЩꡣ
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ŮڻҲǲСĴӳؿڴһĨѩףҡͷԭŮܱظĸʲȥ¡أ˯֡
ʫ˫ֶסҲȻһֱ̧㣬ȴݣҪȷɡ
ã䣡
ʫ˵
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ɿʫ꣬Ҳ˵ǱҸ߳һȵľ죿ŶǾŲ
״̬ã⣡
ʫ˵
С椻ǿɰЦЦոպ㽻֣ҷĸ񶷼ɼֱǰ׳գ滳ɣҪ·Ͽﷸܻѳְ
˵ô˵ָô
ʫ˵
ոպ㽻֣ҲҪ̵Լ˵Լܽ١
ȵСʱɣ
Ը

ôң
Ҫûãɱ㣡
ʫ󣬺Ŀǽ浹š
͵ЦСû뵽Լŵǵ˯£ôһЩɫǻԼܳҿİ
Ҳû̫֣˵ȥ·ɣҿɲǸɫ֮ͽ
űתȥ㣬ʫʶʲôɫߺ죬û˵ֱ䱼ȥ
ʫѵܼ򵥣Ƕǣԣʫϵ磬ֻ飬һǵڶ
ǸлĻʫԹ緹һƲ㣬ңԼԽ̱ˣ
ҵķÿϰ֮ǰһСʱһСʱھһԳΪΪŲ
˵
Ҳ˵ôʫԺ󶼲˯ˣ
˯Ͳ˯ҾͲ֮ҿɲھΪϺȵĴڣ
ʫ˵
ˣ㻹Ҫ
ǹ׼׼ǼΪҪģ
û飬Խ
ȥǾְɣҴȥҲ뿴ǲǺĸһ
ʫЩɵ
Ͼ񶷺ǹȫ£ǹҪѵ׼ǣȻ㲻ӵǹ֧
ǶٷҲˣ
㵭˵
ԷûⰡֻҪǹ׼ĻϾҪҳԴͣΣ
ʫͦظ˵
ʫľ죬ǰһԷȴǲʱĽҲǽķȫгЩ֣ҲûнΪɫǣûзʱǶԴš
ǸäˣȻҲǿʱ
ãû⣡
ЦҲǽߴʫǰаǳ֮ʧˣǽ̫ˣȻŮһֿû˰


2061 ǹ
֣ͨʫ깤ĵطִ¥еĲ࣬ݻʫûд뾯棬ȥǾֲԶ
ͬװ޵һЦЦֲͨϳǵһ֣ѾǹȽ˰ɣ
ȻﻹйȫأǾҲֻǹǾЩ˷ˣ
ʫ˵
ϳǵΰڸ治̫ðɣ
ô˵Ҿûͦأ
ôϴѧ̲һֱڱձôǾֵ˲ܣ
˵
⡭
ʫɵҲֳӦ飬ʱ˵ʱȥһ飬ҾҪųߵ㣡
㻹棡
ҡҡͷ
ʫƲʲô氡治֪˵ʲôֲǾ죬ﶮǵİֶأ
ǰ棬ȴǲʫıԹ
ƷľǰǿͻȻͣסŲʫã첻Ϣôпأ
һһߵλഺģѿλͲ̫
ǵ񣬲ѿ˶ϲʫġ
ǰǹأ
ʫ˵
˽񣬸ߵλ˵ϴβԣǶԼıҲ⣬ǿһϰ
ҪʫӦϾǾֵĹѾתȥʹ˸һ˿Ѿڳǹ㣬˵СӺʫһģ֪ʲôϵ
أҪʫ׷ߣǺúôһ֪֪ﵽ˭ĵ̣
ι㣬Щǹûӵŵģ
ʫ꿴ѾǹȻš
ͷӵأ
ʫã˭ôֵͨأ
ѣ㣬һϰǹģ
ʲôʫãҪֵ֪ͨɶǹʵѿô
ȫйҴϰǹûʲôɣ
ʫ˵
Ȼʫôаղ£Ҳ˵ˣѣǹô
ЦҪȱȣ
Ⱦͱȣ
ľ˵ȥֿӵ
ֿⲻԶƬ̣Ѿ㹻ӵ
ǹʽǹܿ콫ӵţЩ浯Ƕ˵ʫ꣬ҪǻǹĻãҪǲĻֱ˷ǵӵ
Ӧûɣ
ʫҲǺаա
Ͼ񶷺ǹ¡
ʱ򣬻Ҫ۾ͶϣֹѾ۾ãľȲ˵ֵܣҪôԣͰǾֵĹΣһǹ˭Ļ࣬˭Ӯ
νͰǵĹ
˵
ԣȤζͷΣ
û⣡
ҪӮֵܣҲϣٿ˷ӵ⣬Ͼǻǹ˰˵Ǯƣ
Ǻǣ㻹
ЦҴӦǣҪأ
ˣ
ľƺû⣺һ𣿺ðɣ˵Σ
ˣʫ갲ϰǹûвӬǣ
˵
ȻǱӬ
ĺ޲㣬Ͼ㰫ͷҧҧ㿴ʲôǹ񣡡
ȵ˴϶ʫҲ˵㣬ǹǾǼΪģУ㲻۾Ͷ𣿡
ץﷸʱҲܴ𣿡
㷴ʵ
ʫҡҡͷ
ľѾ׼ǹŭСӾȻԼȻ˵ԼǲӬд
飡
һǹ죡
һǹе߻
̫롣
Ͼʮ֮ǾŻ˻Դơ
߻ڰľ˵Ȼûзӵˮƽ
ҲǱ̬Ӱ죬һ£顯һٴδһǹ
һǹ˻
棬ܴ򵽰˻ϵģǸ֡
֮ǹԽԽţǰ˻
һǹʮŻ
ڰľ˵ǸԽܵĳɼ
ժ£ȻһЦΣֵܣˣǹûôŵվǰ
ЦվǰҪ𣿡
㡭ϻ˵۾ĿԴ
ҪЩұ۾ǹҲӮ㣡
ʲôţƣѵݸô۾ǹΪǹ𣿾ǹҲҡ
û˵꣬ѾǹûдӵȻӵڰϵĻٲ˵
һǹаġ
ʫһ㣬ȻǱ۾äġ
һǹȫаġ
ʫûп˼źôô׼
˹ھһɣ
Ѿ׾ľҿ㣬һֱ˵ôܰȻ۾ܴʮĳɼ
߸ľ˵ʫ꣬㾹ȻҸ˻ھǣѹҿôô죡
ߣߣ
˿첽뿪
ʫʱǳݣҪ˵񶷱̫ϾǸˣҪ򶼴򲻹ʲôء
ǹȴǲŮھֵУŮǹ
Ҫ˵˭ܺٲһǱ۾ģǾûеġ
˵ѧ
ȻҪȻҴ
ʫ겻Ծȫʧˣȡ֮ǳݡ
һŮҪǶһ˳ݣôͶ֮䣬ֳģʫ˿Ůˡ
磬ʫ궼ϰǹǹоѻǹģҲ˦ǹѻָС
ٽ㣬ʫѾƽ˻ĳɼ˷ܵЦݣδйĳɾ͸һ㡣
˵ǹϰȸҪ򵥵Ķ࣬ǾֵİӣȻٰҵķѵȥĻǹаĵѶȣҲ̫󣡡
İ
ʫǾϲ
ڣʰ£ȥԴͰɣϻҪؾưϰأ
˵
úúã˵һٴͣ㣬ҲûⰡ
ʫô򵥣ĵʱȴһзյ顣
ʫʰöҲ뿪ճţᵽһ˿ɱ
ϳǣҲֻһˣǰ죬ȥưɶԸԼɱ֣ȻǱǽȻưոݡ
ڴ֮ϣ˵ϳǵΰĲ𣿡
Ȼҿֵͨľ죬ϳǺٷڵڴϻƴ飬ȴǺܶ࣡
ʫ˵
ôҪĿϳǵΰˣ
㵭˵
ѵʲôԾĵط𣿡
ʫҿ·ϳˮûرĵط㣬ԼԼɣ


2062 з
Ӵգһŵ£ʫ̾ЩԾˡ
ʲô˸ƵãΧûжˣҲͣ˽Ų
ݣݣݣ
һӰ˺󷽼ٳ֣ﵹûʲôȴһɷһˣߡ
ʫ˵Ҫ֪ϳǣΧ֪жپ죡
ôС椣Ƕֵ֪ͨľ죬Σϴÿ겻֪Ǿֳ˶ҪԸһˣѵֹɣ
һƵ
ܣΪͻҶԾʧȥģǣй
ǼǹСӾȻڵ¶ĳǵңϴھưﻹŪҼ£ΣԳ֣Ū
ôӣǺ
ţλϻĳԱߣҲԲߵƼɽˣҪԸ㣬練ƣ
㿴һޱȽߣȷʲװƵľȴʮ㣬һЦ⣺ƼɽˣҿǴûпݱݣ
ݣСӣҪʶɽǿзˣ
ֶҪʶأ
з˵ζɣҪûٺ٣÷ɽ
ļһЦ¶һַָ緶һۣСӣ˭ã¶ĳĽ磬ںڰųҪһҪ־͹Լʱ̫嶯˰ɣ
⡮ӾȻڿУɢ
ʫŴ󣺡ߣ¸ô죿
ǾԱҲϻᣬһ֪ǰϻеĶս̻ʶĹĸǿɱ
Ҳֻ˵˵ѣҪ֪ɱ̻ʵ˾ԼߣҲʱ򶨵Ķࡣ
⼸νĿзˣʵϲ⡮һڿзɣǡץ𣬴ӿжȥ
Ҳ⼸˵ĶȤζɣϾԼҪԸ˴ӿ׹ȥһͦˬ顣
ʫ֣˵߰ǲǶ֣ǲͨˣ
ʲô
߰һʱ˵
ʫ˵
˵Ļٺ٣С죬һȥ᲻СĽˣǾֳǵأ
㣬ⲻ۸ϻ᲻ǹ涨ͨ˵𣿡
ҵȷûҰڸҽ籨𣬲ô
Цο֪ϻܲô
ϻ࣬зˣҿɻûпأ
㵭˵
ߡСӡͷôǲ֪˵滹أ
ڿлһƣȻ˫ְ˫ϣֱӽץ
ʫ𾪣ﲻ֪Ҫı磺Υģ
ǾǷǷСӣˣ
һȵ󣬾ǰһ㣬ֱҪ˦ȥ
Ȼʱʫȴǿ㾹ȻһתֱȻѿ󣬷˸һ㣬˫ֱǡһš

ȻûԤϵ㻹з֮һüģȫɢһɢ޷ڿС
ֱӳԶ׹䡣
㣬ӿ˸ʽԾһ㣬ޱȵվʫǰ
飡
һڵ淢졣
Ȼǡ
˶Ŀࡣ
ǿĿзˣȷôһ£ǷɳȥǸӦ˺òá
ΪߵġȻ˳ȥҲ֪ˤ
ۣ
ڲԶһںͮͮѪգѪɫ׽ְȥˣǿ־塣
ôˣ
ôôܲʹȫأ

˶Ϊ⡮̫ˣĻһߣôܱ߻ܣ
ȫʵ鰡
ŵòҳ
ʵˣ
ʫ꿴˿ֻˣ
ԲˣҪȻؾưˣ
ĿһתǾңǹǵأ
ȥȥ
ڳˡ
𣿽ǽСӣ
˵߾ߣ㣬ҪȻ߲ˣ

Ƕߡ
ʫʵ㣬ոôģߣ
ֲɣ
ЦЦ
߿ǺǲͬģĿƼɽɱˣոȻǼһ߷ˣֱ̫ˣ
ʫ˵ǹû뵽ܻߣ
Ϳʼˣ
е
ʫ΢죺ιҷ֣˵ĵеðոǵ߷ɵģ
Ȼãһһأ
Уһȥȥˣû뵽ϸָ߸֣
ָ߸֣ҵô
ҡҡͷҲǸȥưϰˡ
󸻺¶ĳ
ڴѩѣɫÿӦ˵Դӱ˶ĳһֱûпĹ
ϴС棬ɣҲŪߵģ
ǣвõԤףܾǸӵĿǣԴ֣һûһǺ˵ģ
˵
ϴϢŭϴϢŭ
ϵ¶˵
ǻˣ
ӰҲǽ䡣
ףϾ˺ۣû뵽ǣ˵ȥԸ㣬ֲʲôǿߣô⸱ģˣ
磬ҾǱ߷ɵģ
ʲô߷ɵģһ㲻ñ˳Ϊзôһǵÿأ
㣬ͨˣ
˵
ʲôͨˣѵˣ
ҽڿУȻһŽҵɢ̫ǿȻûͷųţһǿߣ
ʲôǿߣ
۾ˣȷո˵Ķģһλǿߣ
磬ܲƭ㰡㣬ޱȣ
ʦϻе鳤Ըô
ʦǿеǿߣʦǲЩİҲ˼ҳԸɣ
˵ңҲ֪㵽ʲô·ģ
ģڵ¶ĳӣһӶҲˣ
ȻӣҽҪϳǶĳˣǼ飬ҺûӣҪȫһ
˶Ĭ
綼˵ˣ㻹ʦԸ㣬ҪѽôҪ֪Ȼߣ֮ǰҲǽ£
˵
ᣬΪ뵽Ŀ££ȴǲ磬ͷһʦ˵ģϳһˣ
áֻҪʦˣʮ㣬ҽҲģ
Ц


2063 
°صԢ򿪴ĵƹ⣬ȻʫǽߵúЦС椵Ǳڿ˲٣ΪһŽ߷Ϊϰ˵Եʰ
ʫҲǷתӣûд˯£ĻĶ״էй
㣬ҽһ϶ڵҷ̵ķȻ˵㣬ʵԻģҵȷҪѻʵˣ
ʫ˵
ͷҪطˣæһϣ
ȵȰ
ʫڵĸ㵹һȲ裬Щ⣺ʲô˼ʦ𣿡
ʲôֽЩѣ
ʲô£
Щ˵ʲôÿһ궼ǾֳÿŶȸ𣿡
ԼΪأ
Ц
ҵȻǾֳǺ˰
ʫ˵룬˵ΰȷôƽʱһЩطӣЩ޴֪
ˣֻǸˣܲôģ
ҡҡͷ
ʫ˵ҵĿģάΰҪֳЩıɡôԼְ𣿡
ô죿
ԣѼ֤ݣ
˰ɣһɲ˻ˮ
˵
ߣΪǸ֮ˣû뵽ڹؼʱôųǿˣ
ʫ˵
㵹ûϳ£֮ͻص츮Сϧ˵һ²һ£οԱ̰ҲǼ飬ÿԱ̰۶ȥһܡ
ʫ㲻ΪҲǺް취˵㲻ңԼȥѼ֤ݣҾͲҪ̰һҲ֤ݣ
㣡
ƿ˵㣡

ҲǸŽķ䡣
ʫ״ЩΣʲôأ֪ǵģ
㣬Щ죬ܸоȷ˲ٰ尲ס֮ĹϵҲ˺ܶ࣬ô˵е䵭ǲѾ˰
ʵ
ûУ
ҡͷе䵭ΪͯӰҸҿ϶ȫΪ׵ȶģڻо鲻Ҳֻαװˣ
αװ
˵㲻ǵ𣿡

ͷȷǱǰҪ˲٣ǰαװ
κô㰡㲻˵˾κ䵭𣬶Ǹ˾㰡
ȷİ취ҪĻµʱһ˺
˵
ʲôô˺㰡
ʵҲϳǴ̫ã
˵
ʵҵǾãʹ㻹ģҪܰĻ
˵㻹бİ취㣿
ֻҪԻͯӰĿĻὫܶ࣡
⡭Ҹо㻹ѣ
˵
ȴЦЦôһֱǿǣѵǵҸԼĻҪҪ𣿡
ҡʲôҸ
תȥ
ܿóĽñ˴˶ܹĶԷǸǹĵ΢
˵գһ⹫Ԣ㣬ˣ۾ǲؼ
ʲô
ܣ
ƭң
˵
ҿɲóƭŮˣ۾ȷа취ָ
˵
ǸŮһֻΪ룬ǲΪԼ룬Ϊ˫ĿʧԼδɥʧģһֺصԱ
㡭˵𣿿ǣҿܶҽǶ˵ҵ۾ԺҲˣ
ֻ˵ǵҽƽӹȻڻܰκ۾ţԺһа취κõģ
صɥʧǳ֮ǿ󣬻ϾǸˣϴλܡҲΪ̫ǿһŽԷɢϽּ̻ǿߣĿǰ״һ֡
Ȼûǳ֮ǿܰ׭Ƚɵ塣
׭֮Ҫյ۾κãҲǺܼ򵥵顣
ΪڰοҲ˵㣬㵱ǹԢǶ㣬ڣȴǷ֣Щ죬ĺܸл㣡
ûʲôЩС£֮Ͷѣ
˵
ԣǵЩæȷ̫򵥡
ӽյķʫ껹Ҳǿһ㣬ǲȴЦЦصԼ䡣
ߣһҪֵͨĲ飬Ļ˵ֳԼܷھֶѣ
ʫԼ
ǸɣǰӲͷԾǵֳΣգҲ¡
ΪĳԾҪΪһϸľ죬Ϊոʵ¡
Ůԭ͹һЩС裬ԴӿԼ֮ʫľҪԼڷܳΪͨĸ֡
ԣҲ¶ҪĵëڷȽֵĲͨٵֳܵ顣
ʫ겻ͬȴǸԱŮ뿪֮ԼԴͷ֮Уû֪ҹϲͷ͵͵
¿޳ϲš
յ۾ڳΪѧУһλѧʵ鱻ͬѧŪϹģǵǸҩˮͬѧýԼ۾ʹС
ǻѧҩˮҽ֮󣬽յĸĸھֻܽŮԶʧʵ
պȻתѧȥ˲мѧУȻõ˲ĽûܿԼ˼ĺϴѧ
ϴѧǽմС룬ûиٿһ꣬Ǵϳǡ
ԵǽʵԻʫ꣬ޱޱǶõĽãȱݣոϧꡣ
ԶŮҸԼҸҪҪ
ΪѾԼҸԡ
Ⱦͷҿ޳ֻĬĬᡣ
ʱȴǡꡯ
һ֪˭뷿䣬Ҫʫ껹ãԼһҲܴĹǣҪǴĻضûôӦġ
ѹҪϴΪ㼸ÿᣬգѵķػ𣿡
㣿
Ȼ
㣬οˣС󣬼ÿҵ˶˵֪ǵĺ⣬ģ
ΣĺϲյԸ񣬷һʧԲæϾѵ̫࣬ﲻꡣ
ǣڵǳ֮ȫʧûԼĻ̱ʵҪȽգֻܵȵԺԼ׭
ʱ䣬ϣնԼܻùǳĵġ
ˣ㣬֪˼ҲûȫϾѧڷչֹأ
˵ǣԴӦң鲻ô

ͷ


2064 ҧ
⼸죬ɣżȥԱɣ壬ǻصưɣƿŮңڡ
ȻҲھư֮У䣬ڶǣһֱûףֻ֪ҪԼԼ鶼ָơ
ǿߣȻȴʲô֣㵹ν˾ưɡ
㣬ϳҲѾмˣȴҴ۽磬ѼκõϢһᶯһЩʵֶ;
˵
磿
żβƣƺûⶫ˵ݡ
Ľ뵽ϻеǿߣʱƱػȡ֪ҲߣʵˡӲͷҲԿ£
ԣ㣬Ϊܱң
Ц
Եģ仰Һ֮׸ã
˵ɵǿߣ㽫һжң
ǸҺܲĽףȴϲѣлһ˼Ҫɱң
㣬㣬ѵĲôҪ֪˿ϻе鳤ʵҲûо԰ջȰ㲻Ҫգ
޶ԡ
Ҳһѵʲôôк׿ϻǿߣֶϢû뵽ȻǸôѲļһԼҪô֪һᱣԲŰڳһν̬
Ǹ޷㣬Щ죬ϳѼϣҲ޼֪ʵݣǹԢļŮˣʶģҪĽչȥҪص츮и֪Ҫ¡
ûھưɼҲǺܿصԼڵסȻԻµĹԢ¥档
ɳ֮ϣ˫̫ѨͼѣֻʱҲ𣬶ǿ룬ҲЩ
ǣѵҪǸ˾Ȼô鷳ôҪ֪һǿߣҲΪôã
ֶ֤ûУֻųϳǵģЩĶݣȴطǳ֣
˵ʲô㣿
绰ͷڲš
ϧ¸꣬Ȼϧ˽⣬֪ϧΪμ˵Ĺͬͬյ˺ֶ֮࣬㲻˰ɣ
ǡ
ϧûм˵ȥ
ͬͬյ˶࣬ƬϵǸˣԼϦദ㣬˵ǰĳΪǴ棬任ϧܹܡ
㣬ô¡
ֶϳѾҵеǿк׶Ը㣬ӦӦð
Ҳ뿴˵һëǣϳǶʮСʱİȫ񣡡
ҵıڣ
Щ⣬Ͻ飬Ȼܻص츮иû뵽ϧȻҪıڱƻ
㲻Ƕ̩ˣ
ö޷ɣ˵һᱣģֻҲΪʲôֶİţǸڻĹڳɾʹ㣡
ལ
ֻҶϣ
ĪȴǶݲ˸Ļɡ

츮У̩š
ʮ˲ڲС
ٹɶĪǴδɹϧľΪϧľߣ̩ܻ꣬ᷢչѸ١
ǰЩ죬ϧȴȡڲ飬ûиκνͣ޷⡣
죬ȴͻȻٿڲ飬Ҫйɶ뵽
ѵֶʲôҪô
뵽
һɫְҵװϧܿڻУĸòޣĿϬơ
˵ϴȡڲ飬˽´ˣʵǲ˼
û£û£ֶ֪˽ǷĴεϢ
Ȼְڶ̩ȴǼ
ϧΪ׵鵢飬˶⡣
ϧȴҡҡͷΪ˽£Ҳིҽٿ飬뵽֮ǰһλɶĽ飡
Ŷʲô飿
ϳǵĿɷչƻ
ϳǣֶѵҪǶ̩չȥôҼǵãʱ㲢ǶȤ
ڣҸıˣ

ϳǣϴѧ
ԻϰԸϵưɵʱѾƽˣƵĹ֭Եһ°ࡣ
࣬ҵˣǸŮϴѧĽʦھͺסһأ
Ѿͬˣ
ǰҪȻ꾫ưأ㿴Ҫһؼҵģ
ߣû뵽ҲưסȻֱӾͺŮͬӣҵΪǺأû뵽
һѹ
࣬㵹ͦõģҲǺ꾫أҪ֪Ǻ꾫õǲ㣬Ҳû취
ΣǶѾͬˣʲô취
ҡͷ
ͬӶѣʲôûн飬ʱ˭ûŮˣ࣬ѵ
ԼҸҪԼȡ㲻ϲôôõˣķߣǸ꾫һӣ
Һֵû֣Һˣһ֪ҵ

ԻڰĿ񣬺Ǳ֭ȫоǳɣһЩҲ׳Ժ
ǣ
ű򿪣Իۣһֱվڰ̨Զ࣬˵ǾưɵľЩģء
٣ܣ֪ʲôô
ûģ
ɫЩ䵭Իɣ㣬Ƕÿưɺܺ棡
ûʲôֻϲƵһֹ֭ѣ
ưڴ󲿷ֵŮ˶ϲƵļβƣرΪĶһӣ
Ŷôҵûעأ
ԻҲЩ⡣
ûע⣿ǰⲻһЩСϸڰˣôأĲ˰ˣ
⻰ʲô˼ҿ̫
ԻԾҲ֪ԼˣȻҪԼɫ
װˣԴһǾưɣҾֻ֪Ϊ˹㣬Ҫһֱһǲǣ
˵
ʲô
ԻĪ˵ʲô
Ϊǰװ⸱޹״ͿԽ鶼֮⣬Ҫ֪ھưɻģʲôŮûװ޹ģˣ
˵㣬Ǹˣҿɲֺ꾫һƬģ
ˣԼϲɣ
Ի˵
Ҿϲ㣬ôˣҧ𣿡
ŭƱˣıԻҪСϲ٣˿̣ȴҪԻѹȥ˼


2065 ֮
ˣ⼸һֱ켣ھưҹԴӸϰϴѧһҾưɣͳװˡ
⼸ھưҹУ಻֪ʶмŮԵʱŷԭϻк˵ġ
ɣཫΪʮѺˣΪھưгϦദܹһ飬ȴû뵽;֮ɱԻ
һ峿ԻһӾưɳˡ
ʶ飬ȷԽԽãĻֻܿҸһˡ
ԻôһҲȻȻΪưеĻŮˣҲǺ꾫
ֶβʹϲġ
ˣȻں㣬ĲС
ϲ㣬˵ûãҲûãֻվǰϲŹã
Իô£ԭϲ㣬ΪԼѾһˡ
⻰ʲô˼㲻ǶѾһô
￴ģ
Ƕͬ˰
˵
ͬӣҹԢ滹Ůӣ˵㲻Ůˣһأ

ྪȣ죬ϿӾư㲻ҹô
㻹ҷŷٻϴѧĽʦʲôʲô鲻һǷֵģ
Ի˵
㣬ûʲô
Ҳٽ͵ڶ飡
⡭
ǣ
ٴδ򿪣㿴Ҳ棬Щ󣺡һôڰ̨ôˣ
úܹŹ֣رԻɫƺ̫ÿ
ֻҿ˵˵ģûʲô飡
ǣǵ̸ƺ̫찡
Ҳһ⣬㣬סԺԻǾưɺȵκζȫѣҲұǸ⣡
Ū˸ôҲǲ˼ĺܡ
°֮ʵൽʲôȻԺеӣ
֪𣿡
Ի˵ֱˣ
ƢСҵȷʲô
Ц
Իһۣʲôû
һӻҵ㣬ҲѹصԢͿڵʫ꣬עʮּУɳϣŷӦ˵㣬ôһˣ
ϰҪϣԾȥưɵˣ
Ի˵
ȵԻȥϴʱʫ귭˵òǶҴ˼ɣٺ٣
һ˼
˵
УЦãðɣ㣬ҽھз֣
ʲô
ҽ쿴ϴҪԸ˴Ӿ
£
˵
Ǿȷǵڣ
ʫ˵
Ҫ飿
ʵ
ȻΪֻŮԳУҵԭ򣡡
м־ӣǧҪжʲôȸң
㲻˵㲻ôҵЩˣͰͲסˣ
ʫ˵
ҪҵĻҪ˶ԸʱΣˣʫǰϢҪ
Իϴ裬һɫ˯£ҲɳϣʫŽҪȥ˯Իȴ˵㣬ɲǺǵģʫְӣѵ𣿡
Ȼ˵¶
˸ǷҶҪ¶ˣҪܣʲô취ˣǼİɣҪȥ˯ˣ
㣬㿴һ֮ĶûУҪĹﻹҪ
ʫ˵
ҲûðֲҵŮˣܸıҵľ
Ц˵
һ仰ȴԻھưõ࣬ʱЩʱѾصԼķ䡣
ʫ˵㣬ôˣЩˣ˰ɣ
Ϲ˵ҲȥϢɣ
Ի˵

УϥȻûǳ֮֮ǿһ˿Աȵģڵ޷׭Գɵ壬ڵǾ˿ɵˡ
ĵﵱУһ˿ϢϢתΪ׭Ҫġ
ʱѾᳵ·תΪ׭û̫󹦷
ãѾܹ嵱תˣֻҵ̫ϡ٣У
㰵
ֱڶ㣬Ŵӷгڴڼ䣬ûгκʳ
㣿
ôûţ
ʫʹӾ°࣬ѷ˶˵ϣĳ֣һ
Ҫ֪峿ôڴﵹأΪͳȥˣû뵽Ȼһ춼û
öҪԶ㷹
˵
Ҳɻ󣺡㣬ѵһ춼ûг𣿡
ǰգ˭֪ڷأ
㻹ǰ£ŮʲôʱҲǻèڷﲻô
˵ѵ˾Ͳôô
㡭㻹ģ˭Źأôȥ
ʫ
Ҫǰ˵һ첻Էһ겻ԷҲԲκ⣬ڱϾƽ˵壬һ죬ȷǻмеġ
һջȴļѣѾܹ磬ܹתɷ׭Ȼķ׭ǿǵһѣʱڵķ׭ԽԽǿܹʩչ

󸻺¶ĳ
ڵһ㣬ЩȸС
磬ʦк˵һûҪôĵģ
˵кףѾȥˣʦ˸ѣĻкҲԲӦæԸ㡣
Ҳôܲ˵ĻֻԽͷԽǲ㲻֪⼸ÿεŰѿ׷ҿǳ棬Ѫ죬̫ˣ
̾˿˵
ȻǶĳǧģҶ˫֣
ߣĳѣǰЩ죬ͽɱķǻñ˸ˣӺΣ
ĳ淢˶Ĳ;гǧץסҲǸӲǿ׳
ĸ˺Ȼȫˤڵϡ
ģӵĵɱҰҽ˵ָͷȫҪι
˵
ǣ
֡
һȴǴϮ¶ĳڵ£Ȼп硣
⡣
ȴдϲ磬ʦкˣ֮
ˣ
ҲǾȡ
ʱڵĶͽԭҪǰ룬ȴǳ壬׳˶徹Ȼֱײǽϡ
Ϸƽ֮ˣһǼ֮ǶĲǧ֮ˣ
һ˲ʱڵ¶ĳ


2066 к
ǰιˣ紫ԣɷǣ۶ߣ
ǰƾճֵϽһƨ
кףȷɷǵʣŵǧĶͽҲŵȫ˵ϳȥָιӰ飡
ǣϴ󣡡
ǽ˴ߣкҲûӡ
ǰһʦͽûãҪԶң
к׵ͽܣ˸ҶԸ㣬ϷôԹۣ
к˵ˣ˵ѹŮӣײΪ˾ŮӺ֣ˣ˵䣿
аȻУĻʦһˣ
ɫб䣬Ҫ֪ʦϻеĳԱرк׻鳤λȨأҪ֪࣬ܰæԸ㣬Ҳֻѣƭ
ȥƵһٱ㷹ٶԸΣ
ˣкϲ˶ݣοϷһֱͽ֮Ľ
Ⱑ
˵
һû˵¶ĳɵȫ⣬ȻҲܣ
к˵ȥˣʱҾʹܲ
ʦ
ͷ
ǽȫкӣȵ뿪ҲǱŭ쳣ģЩ߶ʲôƢ̬ȶȻһ㶼飬ݣҪҪк׶Ը㣬Ͳˣ
ϴϢŭϢŭ
ͻϢŭϢıȣҹ

ȥǰҪĲ٣ŵҲǳԸУ㶼ǰһĸоҲǻװʼϵĵƹ
Ƿ򳪸һ㣬վڰ̨ңѾԻ֮䲻һҪסԼഺסǰˡ
㣬Ϲأ֪Ҫʲôģ
˵
㻹׼ʱûͨôǵҵݣӦ뿪鲻ʲôģ
ô˾ôִţԽ벻׵ģԽȥף
˵
㣬ķƣ
˵
һζǲֻƲܶȣȶ˾û˼ˣ
㵹ҲͶģҪӦ̫ѧˣЩѧöϲһβƣǸĿľҪ˵˵į
˧磬㲻֪رС˵Ĳ񫣬ȥģ˦֮Һͺã˵ҪҪӦϰ
˧磬ҾҵһѰ
Χڰ̨ϣŮӸϢƬ̡
Сӣһ˵ǲ
ǶЩһ̣üͷ壺û뵽кô죬Ѿ׼Ըˣ
鷳Ҫͨк״̽һЩϢֶȴҪҵıڣҽȻʲôѲ鲻
ǰ
Ͼߣǿٽиоġ
ȻƬ̣к׶ھưɵУ˵㣬ʧһ£
㲻֣
㵱Ȼʲô顣
΢΢ɣߵкԡ
ǣǶ̩ŵˣôϳǣ
ֺγǧأ
Ц
ϷΪ˰ͽȴǱ£ܻȥ
š
ô֪ҪԸ˭
ʦǾư¡֮ʱҲó֣ȵưɹţڣ
к˵ˣǣ㻹û˵ϳǵĿģ
ǡǡ෴ʦģ
ʲôʦˣ㣡
ŭ
к׻˻֣ǣո˵棿Ҫ㣿
ұѡ񣡡
ȴѡϷԣô
к˵
뿴Ƕ̩ŵķϣһ
̩źϻϵãԭĻϷȷᾡͨڣɵȴ캦֮£һҵͽܣˣϷôҲŹ
캦֮£
ҡͷЩ춼һֱ㣬޸ɳ캦֮£ǲЩ᣿
Ŀɨ֪һжȻǡĻԣĿľء
ǣһͽܵĻģ
к˵Ҫ㻹ϷǰĻ͸Ͻ뿪Ϸ򻹲㣡
˵Ļֻܺһսˣ
ߣ
к˵
ȵưɾҪȣкҲȻӣϬ㣬㻹Ǵ°֮ǰͽЩȫˣ֪ϷԸ㣡
ȷʵ㲻ҲǾǾưﻹ˵ĻĲʹ죬ô
˵
֪һս޷⣬Ҳ⽫ȫ֧ߡ
ȻҪĻȥҲ컹Ҫưٵķã
СӵΪ죬мسϵͳ
к˵ãСԸȥҲڣ
ܿ죬кһŷȻ֮šȥ
ͶҲϵư档
к׸ڿУĮһϰɣʡҶѹ򣡡
㣬ȻȥｻҾˣ
˵
㣿绹Ҫʬ
ЦȻ֪㵽ΪʲôҪôǶлĺˣ
ҪİȫкףʵǷ㲻Ƕ֣
ҵİȫʲôʱֵ㱣ˣ
ȵ
ףƽʱŵˣøո㱬ƾһλǿ߲ܱġ
ʦСҲʡ͵ĵƣǾˣ
˵
ǿкãϷȫ
ǿãԵУҵҪҵ澭
˵
վһԣǿ򵥣оеô
ȻҲ֪ߣֻк̫ǿ֮ǰһֱΪ֡
£뷨ȴЩɶˡ
ƺ׽
һ֮Ук׵ķɽ֮ܿ죬ûӰǳŷ
·һƲɵ֮ơ
Ϸķɽ֮㶼޷ֵСӣ
С
ڵһ˫ֳȭȭŷЩӰȫ顣
ȭȭХһԿţͶŴȭ˳ԾȻܵסɽҪ֪ոմȭһ˿ûС
к׵ķɽ֮ҪǴȥǻ˵ã
ȭЩСӣͽ˵ûҲȷʵмֱ£ȭԿҵķɽȷϷЩɵ캦ĹϷȻҪȡУ
кȻȣȴǲûлŸԼĶ֡


2067 ϼƻ
кԽţԽǾöԷЦк̫ᣬϾѾˣҪŻȥ
ǽ
кױһ
ճһϮ̺ƵǽбԴݹĽɱ
ȴû뵽վԭأ˿ûбܿ˼
ߣ
䣡
ͶǷֻֻһȭһȭȴк׵ǽȫֹͣ
к׵һеɳȥһ㣬ʧС
ʲôҵʦأʦȥˣ
˵
ȻߣǻûǿӵСʶû֪ʦɵ
ԭΪϻ˶ٶ᲻ǷǺɱˣû뵽
ЦЦɻ᳤⼸ϻеĳԱѰ
㡭ôʶǻ᳤㣬㵽˭
˵
ǶҪ֪˭
ֿһ۶ǣҲǴӸոյ𺳵л㱹Ҫݣһ飡
ʦк׶Ը㣬ǻϽʧǰĻڽ
ǵĻҲǸϽӴܡ
˵֪Ҳɱ
ϽƽôοҪɱ˵Ļǽһǧˣαʵ
˵
ҵǺ˭ҵݵģ
˵
㰡㣬㱻˵һңͬҲ˵˭
ˣֻϳǴ¶ѣ˲Ȥ
Ц
뿪Ӱ΢΢ҡͷһҪģǰλĹĴûаͨһΪһֶǰأ
󸻺ԶľƵ棬Ͳٶĳϰȵģһ˵磬ϴ˵Ƕĳ£ΣСץֶô
ֶţܷŹСôǣϻекԳֽСӣҲӽû͵ԭ򣡡
Ц
кʶ磬ǹ㲼°
ǣϴ˵˭Ҫ϶ĳͷϴ󣬺ߺߣһһ
ȻǽĳϰĶȴǡ񡯡
䣡
˵ĲԶȴ׹һ
ϴĺɣλߣȵ³ѪڵϵϢƬ̣һ˲ſ˭ǰ츮мһ棬û뵽ոֱӼأ

۾˲ϥڵϣͷ߾кס
ռƻкӦǰϴѧѵ˰ôأǱ
۾ǻָһ˿ھȫˣȴǲûж£ȻܽԼزš

ȷ˾кף̺

ӦǰϴѧԸأ
ǱˣΪԶܶԸġ
к̾˵
磬ûһسӰķûκˣ
ߣ
ŭôᣬûԸ㣬˭ܰҶԸ㣿
Ը㣿ѵǰͽ𣿡
к˵
ƾҲ˵ӽͽܺģĻΪΪʲôҪȥɱ㣿
ߣԭˣֲö˵ʱܸ캦֮£ԭһжʹ
к׷ŭһƻڽؿ֮ϣȵԺٸϵͽĻϷ򶨵ɱ㣡

ԢС
ι㣬ǰҪŶ
ʫ˵
ô໰ǿɶϨ˯ˣ
˵
С֮иϢ㣡
˵
ھֵĲȫˣٺ٣㲻֪ǾֵЩȫţҽüһΣ
ʫ˵
˵ɲǺϢɣ
ô㰡밡ʱĽҲ̵İɣΪʦھֲԳɼѵһֵϲõ𣿡
ô
룺Ӧϲһ£ʵ̫ˣȥ˯ˣ
𰡣һ˵˵⼸ھĽչأ
ֲ鵽Щʲô

ʫȴһĪչҡͷ
Ҳص䡣
к׵ĳ֣Щ죬ΪԼϳƽƽĹ꼸£ȴû뵽Լϻеע⡣
ȻԼҪ͵û糣ԸⶫҲ֪˭ͼԼģԺ󻹲֪ᷢʲô顣
ˣΣҲֻϼ£ֻҪ⼸Ҿܻص츮лָݣҲ֪Сϧڸʲô
㰵

츮С
磬ɶѾУǣƺʲôԾ顣
ֶûеҶ˵˵θλľɣ
ֶҪϳչƻҪǰϳһУҾ̫ͻֶôˣǶ̩мʧ
ֶǶ̩ɻȱĶ룬ǲܲǻֲĵĸо

λɶ̸Щʲôô񣿡
ϧ˵
ֶ˰Ǻǣû˵ʲôԿʼˣ
ϴѾ˵ˣҪϳǵļƻʱҲλȥдһݼƻ飬죬뿴λʲôõļƻ
ϧʵ
ֶʵҲ޳ƻ
Ϊʲô
һ̩귢չѸ٣ѾΪĹǰҵֻҪƽȽĻü꣬ܳɹΪһҵϳǲһʺǶ̩ŷչĳУǽԴͶϳǣǻѪ޹飡
ҵõϢѾϳǣֶʲô˽Ҫöǰ죬£ȻҪΪ˽¿ôһƻ
ʲôֶѹЩ춼ûпڼԭǱǲȥˣ
ҵȷöȥһ˽£ǣҪչϳǵļƻ޹أ
ϧ˵֪ȥһôļƻȷЩͻǳ嶯ΪֻҪеĹ˾Ƕ̩֮һܹǶΪʲôҪʱϳǵļƻأ
ǰΪʲôأ
ΪǶ̩ŵǶʱ䣬ƻǰأһмƻ׬һ
齫һЩļڸɶС
ϧ˵ǿԿļϵһЩҪ㣬ȻҸո˵Ļ
ϧЩɶǵͷ˼ҲǸֳһ˿Ц⣺ҳϳǿһЩ̻ӣ̫ഫˣȻңƱԼԭôֻȥˣ


2068 ޱޱ
ϳǡ
Էʱ򣬽ʵûгʫ꣬ôˣ
յϢʱȽȶʮһ֮ǰ˯ˣư°ʱʮһ࣬°֮ܿա
ҿɲǰ˭Ҫ磬죬ȴĳ棬أ
ʫ˵ܽıԾģ
ӦæʲôɣҾǻˣ
ڷܸʲô飿˯
ʫ˵˵ҪҲôڿ죡
ڳԷյֻȴ
սӹ绰һ֪²ãúãڻڷޱޱ㲻ҪģҴȥǧŵİְֻ֣ҪǲҲûʲô
չҶϵ绰ʫ꼤ޱޱְֵˣ
ȥ㣬ޱޱ˶ûãֻ԰ﵽޱޱ
㷿ǰŵ㣬ڲ棿
ڵģ
ȵȣţ
Ŵ򿪣ʫ걾ΪӦͷҷ˯ʵĳȴû뵽㴩룬۾ȫ˯֮ˣôһ쵽ڷﵷЩʲôأǹŹ֡
һֱڷҲû뵽˻żʫ˵ޱޱְֳֵˣǸϽȥɣ
Ҳǵͷޱޱոմ绰˵ûãοͦصģ
ǲҪ͸ϹȥҲԶ
˵
ȵңҲҪȥ
ʫ˵ҿǾֵˣҵҪʲôþ춼޶ԣ

ϴѧһ̣ӣȫ飬ٿҲţΧš
ʵ̫ûˣϰôõˣȻ춼ܣңΪǴ򱧲ƽ
ޱޱͬѧ飬ȴæﲻǻûأ
û취Щ˿ͻģϴѧֶֻ۱ֻ۵ģǶֻѧܶԸǣЩһˣܰﵽޱޱʲôɣ

ٺ٣ϰ壬ϴծи˳ְ㣬ǿֶ飬ʱȥͽѵһ٣Ƿ
ʱ䣬һֱעǵֲ̣ûСӵ䣬Ȼû˱ɡߺߣҵȻҪϴεǱʣ
һЦ˵
ͽޱޱվһԣȻˣǲûˣޱޱ˵ôǵ뱾ͲߣҰֻҪѧû취ٽɱѸǣǻҪҵֱ꣬Ϊ
ô
ٺ٣СˣûǮûϵ㵹ֵͦǮģҸծŮ쾭壬ֻҪϸǻȥú÷ǰǲȡǵ̵ıѣᾭ׬Ǯ
޳
ޱޱ˵
ʲôðСˣողǲ˾ֵĵ绰˵ʲôˣǻ᲻أ
ޱޱû˵
ŭͻֵͨˣһ죬ǻ⵽ӦģҽҲǽޱޱߣ
ߣвôͷӣ治ҪΪֵǮҪ֪ͻĳԱǿʲô鶼ɵĳģ
һ˺ȵ
ôǹʲô鶼ɵó
һ
ЩȫǾȵĿķ
ʫΧȺ߽̣ʫĿŭȺ浱Ǿû˹ô
ѾͷǾ죿
˭أǾΣͨǰѴùϵˣ˵˭ЩŶ
һ̽ѵǣͷɢؤЩϲ㣬Ҳ
鿴ˣǾϲ֪Ҳֻܹǡ
СѾͷ㵱Ҫ²ô
ߣ㻹ûʸСѾͷأ
ʫȭȻֱӴ˵˱ϣ˱Ѫ쮳Ƿŭ죬ץסˣұ𣡡
Ļһ˾ŸΪǶԸ鸸Ůǵûд󿳵ʱʫȭĽһ˴ˣҲ֪ʫ׶Ըдһʫȥ
˵Ըˣʫ껹ܽǴڵأΧˣ˫ȭѵ֣Ϊ죬ʫûкˣ˫۵Ǽ㡣
ΪԼǳô
л첻м˵
˶һˣһǸŮӣԭһûĽǣõЩΧȺ벻ǣʫ꾹Ȼһ㣬Ӣµĺ˲
Ҹ񶷼쳣˺ü˵ȭţ˳ȴǱʫһһƣӣȫſ¡
ǸѪûвɾĻȳ棬Ҳһ⣬ʲô״ģֻһŮ˰߸һŮĶ򲻹𣿡
Ӵ۰㵽˭ĸֵģ
Ƕſڵϣᱳʹ
ʫһ㿴Լ˫֣ôҲû뵽ԼովȻǰ𺳵Ȼȫˡ
漣ȻԼϷ̫˼ˡ
Ҿֵͨʫ꣬ôǻűҲɣ
ʫǰһһŲһϥϡ
Ұ٣һɣҪ֪ǰǾֳвٽ飬ǾֳӣҲΪǰ
ߣþֳѹô
ʫóֻһ룺ϴѧ֣
С椲ǣҲû£Ǿȥͨݱ¼֮ܳˣǾֳǾԲҵǰģ
˵
ʫĲУһֱû˵㣬ʵ㿴ǣʵ̫ˣѵǾͬ𣿡
𼱣㲻ÿ̽̽ʵô
˵
Ҳԣ
ʫͷ
ȵֵľ콫Щߣ˵ոҲ֪ôģӿһһ֪𣬸ոָоٶ༸ˣҲܽ׻ܣ˵ǲг
𣿡
ֻ˵Σʱ̣ڳټأ˱ƽʱǿʵڳ㿴˵Ӱɣ
ȻҳȷҲȫ񶨳°ոյһУֻҲ֪ôһ£״̬
ʫ˵
㿴ʫģҲǲĴţߵޱޱԣ˵ѾûˣӦòﵷˣ
ҡҡͷôᣬͻ޶춼£ǹһԸǵģ
ҵνҲͱΰʣץޱޱޱޱҪѧУ飬һ治֪Ǻˣ
֣ǰѵתˣԺ˲ѧУˣòã
ޱޱ˫ͨ졣


2069
ʫ˵壬һҪǾոҲˣǵѾȫ
Ҳ˵Ҳ뽫תã˵ʵѧУȻⲢ̫ãܱ±ޱޱѧУҲõѧѧҲǲóˣҵ̿ÿ춼ޱޱٷ㲻飡
ͻȴѪһ⸽ǵ̾һ첻ð
壬ޱޱҵĺýãֵͨľ죬ǲͨҲӦҰҪ֪ոҿǽȫſȥأ
ʫ꽾˵
ʫ꣬ǾܶԸͻ˵Ą̊́ӲĺܣҪȻҲô⸽Ϊˣ
ޱޱ˵
ȻޱޱģҾԲκ۸ҵĺýõģһã
ʫ
ʱһλŮҲǽ̣ԻһҲֳҲ˿
ޱޱ˵㣬ѾûˣʫʫǽЩȫˣ
ʫ򵹵ģ
Ի΢΢һĽǲͬ
ʫ˵㣬ոûпһ˽߸ˣʱĿȻóأ
Իͷһ㣺û뵽ʦְͦģ㲻ʦͽ
һԲ
ʫĸ첲˵㣬ֻ츳̫ǿԼ˯ɹأ
ƶˣҪ㣬Щûôڿ죬Σ㶼ʦ
Ի˵
ʫͷ˵ǣҿɲҲأ
Ž齫ΰȫںãǻص˹ԢʫǷؾ֣˵εİ̫ҪΪϵĺýõİȫ
ͻȫھѾ¼ɷãûаǣһſڣ鲻֪жɡ
ߣǽﵱ԰ôû±𷢳
ʫȵ
ôСѾͷѵǴ¿Ҫõô
ӴµҪôƯŮõSMǻǳܵģ
㡭ǣЩ޳åΣһþֳȫؽηģ
ʫ˵
ǣƾôС죿
ˣϷСˣҸոѾ绰Ͱ˵ˣ˵ǣ
뱣ͣ
ʫϷŭ
ʱװȴ˽һ˶Եһ˵⾯٣չ̣ӦÿԽȫͳȥɣ
ԽǴˣ
õģǰҸֳã鷳⾯ˣ


ʫվһԾȣ漴⾯٣˵ʦ֣ʲô˼ѵҪЩȫôҪ֪ǿͻĳԱϴѧ桭
û˵ܱ꣬˵ʫ꣬Ѿûˣˣֳո㣬ȥһİ칫Ұɣ
⡭
ʫ꿴ǼŰ裬Լģ޲һһľ͵һ˦ֱһؿڴ
⾯٣ľô᲻
װʦ˵λǲҪʲô飬Ļҽҵϰ֣ͨ
˼˼ʫһʱļŻǵˣϰֳǶѣǧҪΪС˺
ˣߣСѾͷϾҪְֳˣߣ

ӢֵͨĶ֣ҲǸֳȨ⼸ҲԼȨ˲ٷǷ飬ȻҲϾֳ֮¡
ͻİӢԲŻͻһֱϴѧΪΪÿʵڻ¸ӢŵļǮ̫ߣӢŲܲ
칫Ӣŵ˫֮һŮŮļãȻ㣬󱳰ۣӢھ鸾һûµʱ򣬡鸾칫ֺ
ۣ
ӢŽԴŮ˫֮䣬ֲ˼Ů㻹Ǽأǰ죬ҪҪȥټһ
첻Уڼң
ʲôϴ˯Ҳڿ㷭Ƹ𣬵ʱ㻹˵̫ˬأ
飬ٸΪҪ֪λӸλвǻɴñģû΢չѸܶ߹ٶǱŮ˾ٱ˲գ
ӢŽ˵
˵ҲеҲǺܿİôˣ
ôˣ˵ͻ
ͻ㲻һֱôЩϾֳڹﻹ˭ô󵨣ҶԸͻ治ǳ¶ô
Ǹʫ꣬ȻͻĳԱݺһ٣ҽȫ˾
ʫꣿǸС׳գ˵ʵǰһֻǾһֻƿʱǲɼҲ֪ôأ
Ů˵ѾͷͻǵýְĻǻв˺һعأ
־͹ڣҲ
Ϊʲô
Ͼֳʦܶ鶼ѾȥҼΣĻҲӵôȨʫ꣬ϾֳƼˣĻôǰɼһֱһְأ
ѹ֣һΪ㿴СѾͷأھҿûٺ
Ůһϲ
С÷С÷㻹Ǹ̳ӣһҶ㲻ˣôܻȥĺģ
ӢŮ˫֮ҡͷֿȻһȻɶʪˡ
ʱ칫ȴǱ졣

ӢΣϽ·ʫ꣬û뵽ôˣ
ȴǰգҲ֪ôˣȻЩйҪǱС÷֪ҪЦңʫĵʱ
С÷칫Ŵ򿪣Ϊ֪Ӣϲʫ꣬ʫůʫֳ꣬أ
ʫЩ⣬ھС÷һֱԼһΣΪʲôԼһֵĸоС
÷㣬ºǴˣӱϣ
ʫָָӢŲԶӡ
С÷һΣϽؿڴһʫ뿪ˡ
ʫ갵ֲòͬ¶˵С÷;ֳһȣģոԼҲģʵС÷͸װҪǲ֣žҪ߹ģʱӰ콫
ʫ꿴һӢţӢϸޱȣϻС÷ĿںӡҸʫ۽ӢŵĿɣȻʪˣȻ͵鶼Ҫ͵ôԣֲô˶֪ˣʵ̫˰ɡ
ӢŸЩѿС÷ھﲻ֪͵˶ٴ飬εģ޽УҪ֪С÷ǵʫ潫ߵģֻҪʫ겻ǰ׳գͱȻ֪֮Ĺϵ
ʫϾֳƼģһֱԼչʫ꣬Ҳ֪᲻콫˵ȥ


2070 Ͼֳ
һʱ֮䣬칫ҵҲޱΡ
ʫΪײ͵飬֪˵ʲôãϾӢԼӦȿڱȽϺðɡ
ӢŸոйľѣٱʫ꿴֮£ǲ֪˵ʲôá
ӢҲϽЦʫ갡ոûʲôɣҺС÷أʵһֱϼ¼ĹϵûʲôģɲҪ밡
ʫӢŰԼϹôˣԼҪ룬ڶ塣
ʫ굹ǲ͵£ƽ˵ֳ֪ʲô飿
Ŷģ˵ϴѧץ˼ͻˣ԰ɣ
ǼѵĵﵷңձѣˣҲץǾ𣿡
Ǻǣʫ갡ֳҲ֪㼫УҲ֧ΪҲϴѧڸôҪ֪ͻһɣҪѼ㹻֤ݲһǣ
֪𣬾Ϊ飬п׼ʱҪ֣⼸Ŭ׷ˣ
Ӣ˵
ǸոûƼӢ͵Ǳʫ˵ŶԷ˵ĻϾųߵ㣬Ҳǲܵģ£ʫͿӢţǺͻһѣҪӢŵĻ޿ܡ
ʫ갡ʲôأѵֳ˵Ļɣ
ȻûУֻǸոڿڹң˶˵ҪҴְҲֳ֪᲻أ
ʫʵ
Ӣҡͷôܣʫ꣬ϾֳˣˣҲԭģʱֵȷھúøɣţһҪε˾ˣ
лֳ񰮣Ҫûʲô飬ȳȥˣ
ʫ뿪
ӢһץסԼĿɣģҡҡͷϷǸһϴѧҪ̫֣ʱ˵˵ˣĻȥҵ;Σա
ʫӢŵİ칫ûȥĵطǰ˸һ˽ҽԺ
ΪϾֳ
ξֳѾ59ٹ꣬ҪˣӢǺξֳͽܣӢţҲŲɣҲ׼ٹֶ꣬ͨӢš
ξֳѪѹһֱƫߣʱҲסӢŰŵ˽ҽԺĹȫӢˡ
Ϻΰ㵹Уÿ춼ڻôõ˽ҽԺһķ¶Ҫ룬ɶûˬ
ĲޱȣǶģξֳŵľһλǰ߹٣ոݣҲΪԭ˽ҽԺ
еУ˵ʵҲȥִ֣Ӣ˵ʱûʲô·ҺúҲ͸ɴûлȥˣ
ϺҪֳλýӢŰ˵ʵӢҲܵΣȻᣬǲ֪Ȩǰסջ󰡣ϺΣҲɵǾֹҪǸˣеİȫ⣡
ǰӢͽܣҶͦĵģЩ꣬Ҳûٰң
ξֳ˵ӢţҲТң˽ҽԺ˵Ǯͦߣû뵽ԼǮҰ
Ǯ
ǰ
ϺΣ֪֪˽ҽԺһסԺǶ٣
٣಻ٰɣҪ֪ĹҽԺҲأ
ξֳЦ
٣ϺΣ㻹ǲ֪סһҪǧ࣬ҪǰĲˮ֮࣬סôõĲţҪΪԼ㣡
ʲôǧࣿǴһ£Ϳʮ˰
ξֳüͷһ壺ǸСӣֳһ²ŶǮҪţӶ飬Ǯң
壡
ʫҲǳڲ档
ˣϺΣСˣȻȥˣ
ߣ
ξֳʫ꣬ҲЦ⣺ʫ갡°ɣ
壬㾫ģѪѹѾȶס˰
ʫ굹ＸΣҲᳵ·ĸξֳһˮ
ʫ֪꣬˽ҽԺס޷Ƕ룿
֪
ʫҡҡͷûʹôˣѵԾ𣡡
ס޷ѣһǧ࣬˵˵ӢôôǮҰﰡ
ֳǮ
ʫɻ
ǰӢţұΪﲻһס޷ѣԼˣЩ帣ҲӦ֪֪һǧ࣬Ѿסһ£ʮҽԺˣ
ξֳЩŭ
壬㲻ҪиѪѹҪǶӰѪѹȶģ
ʫ갡ҲãӢȻѾ⣬ңûзʲô飡
ξֳ˵
ʫĬǲ˵ǵĺξֳҪ֪׺ͺξֳʶҲԭʫŽ֣ͨȻԼҲǾУҵ
ʫ꣬ҺǶѣȻҲ֣ҲǴӦҪúչ㣬ҲǽΪŮԴһΣʵʵңﵽôˣ
ξֳ棬￴ʫš
壬Ȼ˵ˣôҲ췢ˣȻ뱣壬Ļ˭ԸӢأ
ʫ˵

ưɡ
ڵƣǺϰߵǰ棬˵㵹ڰ˶Щ֪ˣ
ʲô˼
ڵ̣Ѿͷ߸죬飬㲻᲻ϰɣ
㵱ʱҲȺ֮аǣҹңͲô
˵
͸߹㣬ĿģǲֵģοҲ֣ܰ
˵ϧѾҪʱ̱İȫ˵ʵʵǲ̫ףһ֣ﻹҪǲΥϧ
ѾͷΣˣ
㻹ʫꣿ
һֱڹԢҲѣѾͷǼø٣
˵
㽫һķƷڶǵǰô£
ѾͷԸ̰ӢţӢŲʡ͵ĵƣѰ˸
ʫȥ
ϾֳĲڹϾֳԸӢţ
Ͼֳ
ü
ͨκξֳаˣӢͽܣһֱΣֵ̰ͨϾֳûϵһжӢŸĹ
ո˵Ӣ˸ʫꣿ

ǿ˿ֱҪڸϹȥĻӦûֹܹһЩ緢ģ
һⱭƣˣߣ
ҡͷֱӽǰķƵ
ι㣬ôˣ
࿴ɫҴң֪Ҫȥ
࣬Ҫȥһ£͵ٰɣ
˵ű뿪ưɣҲ˵㣬ҺĽϢ㣬ȻҲˮҪ֪ҿǲﾯֵأ
Ҳ㣬㲻һô
ٶȼ죬Χľ¥·ǵӰһ㡣


2071 
ϳ˽ҽԺ
С
ξֳɫ䣺Ӣţѹ˵Ϊʲôϴѧͻһֱץԭͻıɡ˵ôôݳסôߵĲΪãĵӦƫƧ޷顣
壬ͻ󸻺¶ĳϰҲӢѲ˹ϵˣ֪ϳж˴Ӣߣ
ʫ˵
һ飬ϳǵİΣ⣬ӢΪϲþҪˣҪ֪ǰھУԽ񶷼ɵģ
ξֳ˵ʫ꣬ھͰҰְҪسˣ
ǣ
ʫͷոߵǰʱ򣬡ꡯһžȻֱײ
һӰӲ˽ǶЦݣһˣȻǾֵľԱ
㡭ǣҪʲô
ʫе
ξֳҲǴӲһ˵ʫãҪ־͹̫ϲˣȻԸֳԼأ
ʲôң
ôڲŷô뿪ֳİ칫ңҸˣʫ갡ʫ꣬ϴǸǰѿߺߣ½ͷɱˣҪúõĥĥ㣡
վʫǰˣȻİԱϴⰻȻ֪Щʲô
ξֳ˵ЩĶ֪˭ôҲֵͨľֳӢţҵͽܣǾֵĸֳǴʲôʱʼô
ǱǸϾֳֳһ޷ܾļǮοǰôľΪܣҲΪԼ㰡
ӢţǸɱ𣿡
ϾֳҪ־͹ʫ꣬ԸֳʦͽһԶݻĲ֮أ
ϺϹۣȻ̳˴治֮ͽ
ֳĿɣ
ˣϾֳɣȥжͽɱˣﻹᆪôã
ã
ξֳ˵յĶ飬ǷŹʫ꣬˵ûʲôʫȴһλֿ֮Ůǲܶ
ֿ֮ŮѹʫھֳûжԭпɽģֻΣֳѾ
ǸҶʫ꣬ϳǵɣ
ξֳ˵
ߣ϶࣬ɱǣȻȥ
ԱźξֳϮȻҪɱˣҪɱξֳΪ֣ͨҲֻкξֳвӢš
˶Ǿ־Ӣ򲻴ʫʱҲǵںξֳǰΪڵ̷飬ܾԼǱһɾ޴
ʧǣһΣ漣ûзһԱֱӻɳȥˤڲϡ
ξֳϵ׳ŸѪѹȻһԱ˦ȥ˶ԸһˣǳսҲûֵ
ߺߣͷӣʮ꣬Ȼ֣ڣֻ·һ
ȷʮ꣬ξֳҪԸûа⣬£ξֳȴǱذɡ
ǣ
ξֳⱻһ˰סĴòѾʫһЩϾֳҪɱô
ʫ겻׸ոΪʲôԼûǿĻոܽ˻ܣºξֳ
ʫ곯˳ȥǲܣһһֱӳźξֳؿȥ
һǱеĻԺξֳԼѪѹԻᵱ
飡
ʱһĪȴǸıҽ߳ķǿƱؽξֳȷȴߵԱϡ
ģôߵģӵˣ
Ա߷ɳȥѪģһţȻʮ㡣
ȻǳܵʱȻҪɱξֳ
ʱһӰ˽ξֳ徹Ȼӵʧһ̣ȻȻڴϡ
˭
Ѿڼǰǳ˰Ա˭ʶͶǡ
ʫһϲ㣬㣡
ԸǣȾ
˵
ξֳΪѣѾʹȥ˲֣ҲǼΣա
ǵͷû뵽㻹ҽβˣСˣ
˭
˵Ļ֣ͨҪǺھͷ
ǲϵļһϴٲˣû뵽ˣ
һأһ˭

Ȼ£ҶǣȴǸµļһ
Ӱһһȭֱӽһ˴ķ컨壬ѪֱҲ̶á
⣬ߣһߣ
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ǾԱߣ޷Ӧġ
֪һ㣬ľԱӻͳһѺǹȻԸߣǹе޾
Ҫѵô
ǹոͳǱǳһֱӰסļ򣬺߶á
ҪܣԣǷӦ֮󣬵һʱ뵽ܡ
˶ŲȥȻһƷĳ˾Ȼڵϡ
ܣ
Цһ
ϣϻɫâǷ׭û׭ٵĿԣҲȷܷκúξֳ
ʫͷǺҲһϣξֳܹ
ֱӲξֳûʵ㣬ôˣôûѵ
ȥ
ûˣͣոմ󶯸ɸ꣬Ҫһˣ
˵
û𣿡
ǰ
ҲΣڵķ׭̫ξֳĹûӺãֻܱסξֳãξֳʲûбոһУǲΣա
Ҳ뵽ǳ֮ʧȥԼνʵϣûǳ֮ԼǻһսҪˣʵ̫ѣǽҪǳֵһξֳ˵ˡ
㣬ǶѾûˣôǣ
˵
ʫ꣬ǾֵĳԱӦδã
ʫꡣ
Щɣ˵ǼӢŵָʹҾӦץӢţ⼸ˣֻҪΧɳУ
ͷһ۰ľԱһЦû뵽ôͼˣֻ֪ӢӦ֪㲻˵³
ֳںͷȫԷ
ȫ֪᲻ɱԼҪ֪ǲ龯ֹܵģǾɱˣҲϻܡ
ȫ
ͻԷ
ʫ˵
Ƶ꣡
ߣƵͻչģɵҲΥĹ
ʫ˵㣬ȥץǸУ
ǣ
ѵ
ʫ겻⣬ı£Ըͻ
˼ǣϾֳžֵˣܵͻˣ
˵󹦰


2072 
賿ĵ㣬ڷһʫĳ˽˷ܵĺһ

ʫ˵Ҹոհ갸ӻ֪֪Ƶ꣬ҴżʮԱֳǹеֱӳ˽ȥӢҲ̫ˣûǰ棬Ǵű¶ŮӢֱӾͱץסˣ
аĵһ󰸣оʵ̫ˣ
֪ڼ𣿡
˯ű˵
ʫ꿴ֻ賿ĵ㣬ôˣ
賿ĵ㣬һ˵ķ䣬𣿡
ʲôһˣң
ʫ˵
ŵҲֻǸصˣ֪ΪʲôȥƵ𣿡
˵
ʫ۾һգһգΪʲô
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ͷ
㲻㣿
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㣬Ҿ˵һٴһɲɰ
ʫί˵
ðɣ˵
ȻץסӢţǣȫȴǲڰᵱУ
һɣͨ籨Ÿȫӳ죡
˵ȫˣ
˵ӢǴݺĹϵӢŻԼסȫ
ҲģӢŰʲôˣȴǽһԼϣԷȫֲֻᣡ
Ҫȫˣ
ΪʲôӢẉ̂ȫһߣѵӦϷȫ汳ô
ȫӦʱõϢŴæߵģǸʱΣҪٴӢӦû취ģӢôĬھûйȫӦȾѾ˵õģ
˵ôֻһܣȫа취Ӣžȳȥ

ʫоȣҲŸոտһ硶Խû뵽ӢžҪһô
ˣǾԼˣҪ˯ˣס첻Ҫٴˣ
Ŷã
ʫͷ
㲢Ҫ˯ԣÿֻҪ˯һСʱԱһľҹá
磬գԻڹԢԷʫϲԱԻ˵˵Ҫ㵽ʲôʱģôôˣѵҵô
ף㣬Ҫߣ϶Ҳôĵģ
ôˣ
˸ӣ
ʫ˵ץֳ̰ͨ
ЩһֱǼô
ǰ㣬Ҫļʱ֣ҶҪЩһɱ
ʫ˵
㣿˵ģԴǼһסǹԢǰǲæ
Ի˵
ҲǵͷҲǹԢĸǰɣ
ҳϣھĲȫˣڣҲڸоԼһϸľˣ
ʫ˵
Ի룺ôһ˵ҵԽԽǴνϳȥʵ̫ˣ
ȷ飬ﶼʹ
˳ǺԾʢڷԡ
㣬˰ΪҪ˯أ
ҷڣĻõ˯ôô
˵
ԭֻԼҪÿ춼ߵ֮ǰȥưϰĻǻɣԷ
Ͼ㲻Ϊںһͬӡ
Ի˵ʫȥķˣ
ʫЩ˼ֻ̫ˣôİӣԡ
Իҡҡͷ㰡ҿ㣬ҪˣΣˣ
⻰Ի˵ʵ̫ˣԼ˾һ𣬸ᷢκβõ顣
㣬ɲ֪ԭŮˣ
ʫ˵
һ˵סͣˣҴӦ㲻˵ġ
պԻһԾ㣬Ůˣѵ
ϲˡĸ֣û˵ڣ˼Զ
ֻҪʫϿ뿪Լ䣬ΪʱҪȴû뵽ʫ꾹Ȼ¶˵
Ի֪ô˵źãʫ껹ԲȴǸоԽԽæ
ʵⲻʲô˵飬ܶңѾзɹͬԽˣҲģ
ʫ˵
һӲ

ϳǣģԽҹܻᡣ
888С
ﲢҹܻƽһʮˣǴ˫ֱվԭأϵ·Ҳͳһɫװ۾Ǹ˵ĸоܳƣİ˴ʱ߽䣬ǻᱻЩŻɫװһŵû
ܼžֻΪ׵һ߶ĽŲΪ׵һǸͷŸɫīһǿ׳۾һֱǰĿⶼûзɢ
ڵʲôˣڵȴ
ͽȻһŽ˵ӢѾֵͨηˣӣûѣ
ȫ磬飬ҵˣһｫѾͷˣǲлξֳԸӢţ
һҵô
һԱжǣݺ󣡡
ϳǣֳͨɱʲôˣ
ȫ磬Ҹո˵ԱǶֶ̩³
̩ţ
뵽ţȫȫһ𣺡ȷǶ̩ţ
Ҳܻģ
ȫһ˵̩ǻĹǰҵȻҵǱڼ࣬ңϻͶ̩ŵĹϵǳĺã˵̩ţǻĹµҵ
û뵽ⶫ̩ŵˣȻ飬֪Ŀ𣿡
Ҿǵģ
ţһأ
һˣݺأϴѧľưϰ࣬ǸʦǺĹϵȥƺھư죡
ȫ򶨲٣ϾǼİԽҪ侲ʱԽǸԼҪ
ˣͻ
ȫ磬ھﻹŵùֵܣȵӢ̣ţкܴԽ
ʱ򣬾֮ǰݣ£
ĳɹʶ󣿡
ȫһƽеԵĵ̣׿ȥϡ
ǸϵõĻа˳ɰգ
а˳ɰգɼͻϳжôԵ
Ǽ˵أ
ɣ
ҡͷ
ǽʧܣ֪ʲô
ʧܣͻﶼΣգǣΨһİ취ôĻӢŲὫǵ鶶ģ
һ취
ȫ


2073 ̽
ƽ죬죬ھưϰ࣬ڷ׭ҲһĻۡ
㾭ḻû̫ż
磬ʫҽԺȻǼ˽ҽԺֻ⼸סԺʫԼġ
ξֳ죬Ůʫ㣬Ҳ¶ЦݣǰԺԺӢһչңû뵽ȻֻΪ˲ȡҵΣžٸոѾȫˣʫ꣬ɵĺܲûй㸸׶
壬ҼٽץӢţҪ֣
ôᣬǵʱûлԣҲԻȥץģֻž˵Ȼ;С÷ȾѾ飡
ֻ֣ȥһ˰칫ңҲǱײ͵ĺϷ
ʫ˵
ʦûн̺ãҽ̺ˣôסջģ
ξֳ
ʫҡҡͷ壬㲻ҪΪѹֵã
ξֳͷһ㣺λǣ
ΪʫѣĿЩ
壬㣬ģʱ㱻ΧһѴЩȫ򵹣
ѹ֣ʱǰΣգ˵ңʫ㶼Σգ
ξֳ˵ˣл֮ˣԭΪһҪȥ㽫ҴӹŹϳǰܾϥ޶Ůǣ޹ң浽һ̣Ǿܶһ죬磬Ƕôһ顣
ξֳǺˣҪȥ춼ÿϧģ
ˣǻ˵ڵȷһɣоѪѹ׺ˣӢŵҲҺܶ๤ϵĲ㣬ҸոѾžд˱棬һǰݣ
壬㲻ִ𣿡
ʫ˵
ʲôְҶôһˣ֮ǰΪҵʹӢűģΣûܰҿ
ξֳ˵ʫ꣬㣬ȴǳҵԤϡ
һǵã㸸׽ӾУֵͨʱĲԶʱֻҪھﰲȾǲˣû뵽ոž˵ʱĲԳɼѼ񣬶ϣҾȣ
֪𣬾֮ǰ㸸׸ͨ˵绰Һúչأ
ף
ʫ˵Щʱû׵ˣ֪ˣ
Ҳ֪㸸׵Ĺʱ޷ģոҺ˵ϲãԱ
վһԣҲЩ⣬û뵽ʫĸͷȻôӵݵģȻǹҺҪİȫԱְλߡ
ʫͷһ궼ѵÿһΣ壬ҲҸʧģȻŮӣ֪ҵ룬Ҳģ
ΪҪؾưɹҲǰ뿪
ʫźξֳһͣξֳҲ˵ʫ꣬ôʶģ
סǹԢϦദʶˣУܲ鼰һԭΪ̵з
𣿶סһ乫ԢϦദð
ξֳЦ
ͦõģǹԢĸǣ㲻֪Դ֣ǽ˶⣡
ʫ˵
ԣôõˣҪץ
ץ
ǰûˣڲץʲôʱץҪϲŮӣ
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ѵ㲻룿
ξֳҡҡͷ㰡ôƯôྯϲ㣬㾹Ȼһû̸Ȼ˵ھ֣൱ģ
壬ҿûôأңǹԢҲûһ̸
ʫ˵
ֺ죬ҵĺˣٻڳˣҪǲԺڣͿʼźһɣ
һ𣿡
ʫ죺⣬壬Ҫ׷𣿡
ʲô뵱Ҳ׷ҵأֻ岻磬ҲˣҪٲ̸Ҫʲôˣ
ʣŮԣʣŮʱ򣬿ɲˣ㣡
ξֳ˵

ͨ֡
ӢűѺطһһηҲΪ˱ӢϷԺ֮ǰ˺
ηпһǼª
ӢǾĶ֣ηеʩˡ
ڼ䣬ûԼ䵽أҲѺͻķȫƻԽ
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û뵽ͱץס
ɢӢűץﲻٱ֧ӢŵȫʹˮҲӢûһš
Ҫһʫ꣬û֣޴Ӳ
ηУֻһ飬ǾǸϽУԽ̹ϣ˺ͻĹᡣ
ֻҪһ£תƼʱ򣬷ȫܰԼȳ
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棬һžñžľԱ֣סǸʲôģǼصأûг˭Ҳܽȥ
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ӢŷҲҪ̣ģ
ȥɣסֻӣ

Ӣſһ⣺ҹѺЩļһĵطʲôʱﾹȻסĵطöãҾܴ³ȥ
Ӣţ
Ҹ˵Ѿȫ˵ˣʲôʱϷͥ
㻹żѾȲ뿪أ
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ʲô˼
ӢſһۣоİԼǰ
Խ飬Ϊ֪ܶ𣿡
˭
ȫ£
Ȼˣ
Ӣҿ浽ʲô״һ˭ΪʲôҪ
ǣ
Ƕ̩ŵˣ
̩ţʲôʱ˶̩ţ
㲻ö룬ȫ㽻ģֻȫкúñ壡
ģӢţҪɽˣҲܻУҪǶ̩ţѶԸˣ
Ҳд̫ãֻӣֻΪסƵ׼Ĵ⣬ҲøƸƻʳˣ
˽ʳ¾뿪η
ӢſŷееʳȻûʲô飬뵽춼ûôԹҲǴڴڵĳš
ȻԵһʱӢסһ㣬Ȼ³ɫĭʮ룬һʹļжûУֱӵ¡


2074 δ
ưɡ
ֵʱҲæʱһβƣ˵ҿԺǲӦù涨һֻٱβƣĻĹʵ̫˵㣡
𣬶෢㹤ʸҾˣϲȵĻҲܿĵģ
˵
⹤ж٣ƼβƣҲһ
Դ֪Ի֮䲢ûκ֮࿴ԻҲһЦ⣬ԽƺõĹ֭ȻҲΪưʵ̫֣̫æʵ߲
ԻҲ֪ǴʲôʱʼưɺƵĹ֭һϰߣϲվڲԶһߵƼβƣһ߻ش˵⡣
ԭʦôæҵȷأӦøûʱ乴ŮӰɣ
Իа
ʱڹԢ棬Ի㣬˵ʦʵҲǵʦʱԻǸֳһĨЦ⡣
㣬Ĺ֭ӽţѾٸˣ
˵
ԻͷǴεĲȻȥ죬ԻСŮˣ֪ϲ㣬ὫǴεһֱ
Ի˿ڹ֭һζζ֣·۾뵽Сʱܿĵ飬֮󶼱ɲ١
ˣ࣬һȻȥˡ
Ի˵
ͷ
ưȺɢʱ򣬶ǳڰ̨ǰ档
˵쵹ķƻʣһ
ô㣬컹Ҫң
˵
ӣָٵʲô飿
һ䶯ֵͨĴ£
£Ѿô
ΪǰҸʫץӢžǴôˣǲһθСأ
˵٣һ˵£һԽԽӶĹӶˣԼԸ֣ҸȥС椱ˣ
뵽кߣͻҲϳǵĴô˵Ҳߴڡ
ʫŵһȺǹеľԱжտٶܰȫ
ŮӦñȸҪ˰ɣ
Ц
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˵
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ҪĻ԰ݣֻǿ°ˣԲźЩ
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˵
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˵ﰵصļһҪķƵȷƵҲκȱ㣬治һֱھưϵأ
صԢûпʫڵģǾɥ˯ˡ
˸裬ǻط˯˯úܳΪ˯ߣԺΣһȴ⡣
μڵŮˣϧһǹŴĹķ衣
ξʼʱͲ
ԭһСʱܽ˯ߣĸСʱ
ϥ붨ҲǺܿ
ֻʱҲϸԼֻϳǴ£ºȥ츮ϧ

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ϧѾϵãⶼйڷչϳǵļƻ飬ȫһɡ
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ҪһȫϤĵطչϧҲԲа㺬ʹԶ̩ŵʵƻʧܣҲӰ֡
ȻšϴѧⷢƬϧеĶ
ֻ
ϧӹ绰Ůڴ绰ǲ̫˵㣿
֣ڷ޻ϼأ
֮ǰѾһУжµӴĸ硣
Ȼ̩ϧƿ֮£ԽԽãҲֵڡ
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ϧ˵Щж̩ŵ߲ߵĻ嶼ҪһѪ緶ֶ³ʲôʱһ棿
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˵Һ辭˵ҪܼǵĻУһôõ飡
֣ҿûе࣬ңҿǲƻĶأ
˵ģɵŮǲǻûа䣿
֣Ҷôˣѣʲôأ
ϧ˵
ɵ˵ĻұȻԸ׵ҹһ㣬ţǾԻģ
֣Ҵδɣ
ϧ̧ͷһ۴⣬峿ĳ֮ϣӰɷǺÿ

ϳǡ
Ԣ
緹ʱ㿴ʫһįҲǺİο˼䣬ʫ򵥵ĽӢ˵˳ȣҲзȫĹƶˡ
û뵽ǼʫķŭȫǸ࣬Ǿ֪ɵģҲû֤ݣˣĵǹƨ𣿡
հοʫֻ֣꣬Ҳջ¶ŵģ㲻Ҫ
գ㲻֪˶ɺޣҺ޲һǹԴ
ʫ꣬ŵ㣬ĹǺΣյģ˹Ͳ֪Լ˭ˣ
Ի˵
ʫͷ㣬ҿûнֻǷȫ̫ˣͻϳΪôãȻڻûа취ץǣ
㣬Թһȥޱޱְְɣ
Ի˵
ҲҪȥ𣿡
ȻǹԢеһԱң㻹סޱޱķ䵱У
Ի˵
㱾ܾԻ˵ĵҲȻԼȥ岻Ǻܴ󣬵ϾԼסǽޱޱķ䣬ɴȥҲá
ȻûץͻˣıɡӢѾˣϳûܱǣϴѧȫƽ
ʫ˵ǰϢޱޱǵĵ̾ͿԼϴѧˣ
˵ҲޱޱĸĲأ
ʫȴҡͷҿɲţ


2075 õ
˸ϵޱޱ׿Сʱ򣬽ѾȫʰˣޱޱҲڵ̵У˵ҺͰְѾתóȥˣԺְֻϼңרѧУ飬Щ죬鷳ˣ

ʫ꿴һ㣬룺ôʲô˵ˣԤ֪δһ
תȥҲ׬˲Ǯ㹻ޱޱ⼸ѧѣԻ㣬ǽѧУҶչޱޱҸм
˵
˶ͷڵһٷˣԵҲģϾǳʦķζ൱
㷹ҲǺĻؾưϰࡣ
Ȼû뵽ǣưȴҳһţڵϣϵˣɳչżŮԱֱҲһһ飬ưɵȷ¹ʡ
ߵ㣬ưﻹûпˡ
࿴ˣҲ˵㣬һȺļһʲôû˵ֱӾͳǴˣ

ŲǸĻ죬ҸոѾˣưͣҵ
ֻǴˣûҶ
Щɻ
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˵
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˵Ǿưûгң
ǰУϰƽˣ
˵
԰ôЩ죬ûϰأ
Ҳƣϰԭ˵ǰͻģû뵽ʱȥΣڰҲʲôʱŻˣ
Ƕģˣᾯ¼ڹҿҾȻȥɣ
˵
ʵҲ벻ͷϾڷ׭̫Ҫﵽʶŵľ磬̫ѡ
ĻܸưֵϢЩ׷ٵ
ҪߣҲЩ᲻ãԭưͣҵܺȥߣ˴顣
ϾǾưɾᾯʣڳ

죬ưÿ춼¡
־ڣÿµʱ䶼ǶӣҲϰ֮ǰ
һǽưɵıԱˣڶǽưɵĮ̇ȫã죬ǽưɵĲȫߡ
ԭΪֻǸͨĸƻӣ飬ǲò֣ʮСʱܱ
ҲҪ˭ôģȻҪưɵ⳹׸á
һûѡǰعԢһǳҲ˵ϴѧҾưɣûʲô֣ÿζѡϰ֮ǰжҵģ
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˵ŸȻǴ̫⣬ǻûеѰĵزɣ
Ҳϣǣ̫ɺ˵㣡
˵
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Ъ죬ưһǧɣټ澯أܶ˶ҽưɡ
ΪҲЩ޿κΣĶǾưԭôãھȻʽôϰｻ
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ȷ̫ǾưɾǹԢһߣȫûκԡ
Ǻưû⣺滹оأ㣬ˣ
죬ÿ춼ң
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Ӧͻ
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˼ԩͷծҲ֪Ļıûң
Ҳƣ˵ҲӦñŶԣѵĺ̨ǿӲ
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ҡҡͷҲǵ䣬Ҳʱ̷̽ȫôˣ
ˣ
ȥҶûˣ
˵Ɑķƣ˫Ǯ

ưɲԶһƵ굱С
ҲͻĵزƵ겻ͬҪ͵̫ࡣ
ͻʱ䱻ϴҲǲٵ̵ıѶûȥգǶŵʱķȥ
ᵱУȫ룬ϵЩ赭дζϾӢѾˣвεΨһһ
ܿ죬ˣһ˷ͷ֣ڳĻȻϳǡ󸻺¶ĳϰ
ͷȫȻʶģӻóһкɫѩѣһЦѴӰƷѩѣȫ磬㷨۰
ζǰЩѩѶαӲƷ

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ȫӢѾˣҵıɡֵͨϾֳʽݣεҲĵϵҪͨˣҲ£ǵĺǵͷˣ
ͨϳǵܾ֣ԭӢţϳҪ÷磬Ҫ꣬һǵĺܶҵ񶼲ܿչֱ鷳ĺܣ
˵ȫ磬ҹǲʲôƵĻ᣿
ϴҪߺڵڲȸ˿εľֳǲлģӦϴ
ȫ˵
ϴף
ʲô˼
ڵ߲ͨ߰׵
ȫ˵ѾϵϳеһЩҵң׼ʵĺ

߰׵ҪǺڵϳǼֱҪ̫÷ƣʶҲôˣк£ȫ粻ģ
ȫ˵
ͷ飬ȫģʵʱ䣬ջģӢŵһļһ
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ҵ˵Ƕĳ˽ѵˣô£ǲ
ǸһϻекԸȻѣоʵЩɲ⣡
кףϻеȷвٸ֣ȴ֮һ
ȫҡҡͷ
ȫ磬㣿
ϳıɵ֪
Ȼ֪˵ȫסŵǵõˣ
ʦǱɵеĵкͼϻĳԱǰɵۣʦǶϻᣬǱʦܾ
ȫ˵
Ŵ͡
ȫЦʦҲҪϳ̫֣ĻǺͷҶҪɱҲգѾϴףңҲƻͻµļһ
˵ǸδɵСѾͷץסӢţ
ǶǺ㣬һǶ̩ŵľӢһǾưɵĵʦ˹ˣ
ȫҡҡͷ


2076 Է
ʲôȫ磬ո˵˭
ǣ̩ŵľӢһưɵĵʦ㣡
ȫ˵
ҡҡͷҵ죬һǸ㣬Ҷĳҵļһ

ȫҲЩ⣺⼸춼Ѿȥưĳӣû뵽ȻҲĶĳңһ
û취ȫ磬ϳǻǵĴ鷳
˵
ԭкױܣЩη㣬û뵽Ҳ˷ȫȫʶɵ۵ˣһԸ㣬ûʲôµˡ
ѾСӵĵϸͶ̩ŵǺ޹ϸ𣬲һֱ㣬ǲʲô״
ȫ˵˵ҲûСӳէҶˣϳǴȥպҪҵģ
ȫ磬ȫİţ
˵
һȥɵһˣЩ죬һǺúϴ֮°ɣ
ȫ˵
ʱһȫǼҴҵĻ˰ᣬɫѿȫ磬²Сӳˣ
嵹ûκˣǾȴǼȿ־塣
䣬Ӱǳڰ档
Ͷǡ
ǴӾưɳ֮ǽȫڵصҵ󷵻ؾư֪ͨ㣬һҲʱ
㡭ôҹģ
Щ־塣
Ҫ֪Դڶĳв֮һֱ㣬ҪһղԶ¡
ЦЦǱΪ飬һԷʲôأ
ȫ˵ôǸСѾͷӢץסΪҽҷȫ˽ͻɢǣ
ҽɢ
ҡͷ
ȫ˵ǣĴȻϳǴңʵ벻ͨΪʲô
ϲɽˮôֻҪǼȥĻ»ʯͷԼĽţԷ٣
ôǣ㵹ŵĺܣ
ֻǷȰѣ
ЦЦ
ȫһûг㣺˵㽫ϻекߣ֪ҾƵΪ£
ž
ȫ˲һͨİӡ
Ȼġ
ȫ磬СӵҴ㣬
ȽѵѵСӣ

ȫҲȫˣ˫۵ɴһֱ㡣
㻹ûʸǰƤЦģ㻹֪ԭô
˵
ȫҪȥѵ㣬ǾȻûǸ·һǿĹ⻷һȴ
ǿ־壬һﻹǸɱһ仰˵ֱһ˦ڷȫϣҸողЦĻݶҪ
˵ʲô
ȫ˰췽˵ưɵô
ô㻹˵ɵã
ңֻҪһ£ұ֤ԺԲɧѣ
ı֤ô
˵
ȫһȻӢһϳѾû˿ɽǸĵӣҲˣ
ߺߣֻﻹҰɣ
ң
ȫ־
ãӻұֽŵĻһͻɢģ
˵
ҲЦЦҶһʲôģ
뿪֮󣬷ȫҲŵϣ˵ȫ磬⡭⵽ô£
̫ǿˣ˾һǿߣѹǶ˵֣
ȫ˵
˵ܡ
ˣǿ߳ǰȻϵľѹƣ
ȫ磬˵ǲ׼Ըô

ȫҡͷոյǿҲܷȱɵ۵ĵҪ֮أҪ֪ϴһƣһµ飡

صԢʫ㣬Ҳ˵˵Ǿư⵽ɧˣô°
Ӧã
˵
磿Ǿֿ˲ȥǣҪǶĻ̫˷Ѿˣ
˵һҪɾ챣ˣ
Ҫˣ
ֻǸѣѾˣ
˵
ʫ꿴˵ɣҲЩţ˵ô򵥰һֻɧǾưɣΣˣ
ǧǾֵľͣھư棬ưɸûˣ
ҲԣǾưɻҪ׬ǮΪĻ㹤ʶٺܶ࣡

ͷ
ʫ˵ˣ㣬ǾֳֻˣһֱҪԸͻ⼸쵹ûץѱ
ӢŸոǾĵҲҶɣȵȰɣܹ¶βģ
ҡҡͷһطϢˣ
ʫЩȻȫֻϺһ¶ģ
ʫ꣡
մӷ˳
ʫҲ˵գôôû˯Ű㶼ȥ˯ˣ

ɳϣЩ˼
ʫվҲԣôˣʲôôգһ򶼹ǣԼʲôȴ
죬ٿǹԢ
˵
ϳҵ֮һżҶү

˵ǽҺżСʱлԼģ
үүҸ׶µģ
յͷȻСʱ棬֮ȴһֱڹ顭
գ˼˫Ŀʧ֮ǸżҴүûϵ
ûҪҽӵĵ绰ҿ˶Ҫˣ
Ӧ˸ĵ绰룬˵ҪȢţ
ʫ˵
𣿿˭ԸȢһϹأ
ôᣬգôãҳҲƯҪǣǽҼԺգҾȫ˶ܲȢģ
Ժգ
ҡҡͷڰ飬Լ̫࣬ҰְСңŻסϴѧʫ꣬ʵʱԶʧ
ģգǼò˵Ҫһֱ𣬾ԺҽˣǶס⹫Ԣﰡ
ʫ˵
ǡ
ûм˵ȥʫ˵ˣգ͵Űɣżү϶ð̧νߵģ
ҪԸȢңѵҾҪ𣿡
Ȼ㻹ܾ𣿱ϾүүµĻأ
ʫ˵
꣡
ԡҳ˼ɫԡۣողɾͷҲǿɳϵЩ֣ûʶȻոԡ̸ʲô˵СӣǾ״̬ôȻ̸˵أ
ףԡôϤ
Ŷ֪ˣޱޱģǲǱ̬ȻŮӵԡۣ
ʫ˵

ȻҲǡ͡һЦ
˵ֻԡ۶ѣޱޱѾܾûסڹԢˣģ
ʮ̬
˶˵


2077 ߹
˯ʱѾٽ磬ʫҪӰûлԷǰһֱʫԻչ˽գճ˷ŽӵԻ绰գʫȥôҪʱ飬緹ܲȥˣ
û£ʫģ㣬ͰĿɣ
Ǿͺã
˶æʱ򣬽շﵹǷԼš
粻ô
ɳʵ
յͷҷﻹҪǶĻȥã

ЦЦ
û취ƽǴʫ󷹵ģ綼ҪʵڲĻֻ绰Լ£
սֻɳϣ˵Ƚȥˣ˵һ
ڷä鼮Ҳǳŵһ󷹲˵ζЩ⣬򿪷һﾹȻų˵
ѵڳ󷹣
ûãǶӳζҲ˵û뵽Ȼʵټǲ֪ζô
ˣҪζ̫Ļʵڻ߸յ
Ҳûٲˣ㳴˼ٲǴֻܿ
˵
ڲϣһУȵ˲˵ʱ򣬷С
㳴Ĳˣ
ҵ죬ôôóԣ
˵˵ζһ㣬ڽյУζôãǼƵʦգý̾Ͷӻˡ
̲˶ôóԣ㣬ԺԢĳҪˣ
żʹһ³ʦãǻ˵ģҿɲźǼ̣
˵
ǿɲУҪסҵɲף
ˣԺǲڵʱұ³
ʵЩͷۣԭѾܾû¹ˣԼĳգû뵽ȻôϽյĿζ
ðɣһˣãƣնôտ治֪ôྫѧôණҪ֪Ųʮأ
ʮꣿ
ЦЦû˵ʲô
ԾĽϴˣҲǻط⼸ڵķ׭ѾǿȻ˾壬ľȻڡ
ֻҪڣ׭Ļָֻһʱ⡣
׭ǿĿǰʵҲܹĥʱ䣬Ͼºȥ츮С
ȻҲµʱܲµ䳹ʧ

ɳϢʱԢȴǴ졣
˭
ǶԿ׵ģһ£ǲѡŵġ
ٿ
һȵӴ⴫
Щɣٿ绰ĵķ̫óˣһֱһʮôôѧš
ô㿪ô
ˣ
սŴ򿪣۾äģȴǳģٿĽһ˿ӡֺʴ
Ųˣٿǵġ
үǸϹأǿһӰ
նˣʹٿϸȴȻЩֻ֪˶ٱ飬ҲǼֲˡ
һֱֻעŽյòһԲҲЩΡ
Ҫϻǲˮ
մƳš
̫鷳ˣοҲô㣡
С㣬ҺҼүݷãһҪ꣬Ǳ뿪
ʲô飿
ʵ
żҺͽһֱãүĸ׸ǺͽСүүСʱ»Լֺ֣үδӹȴС㣬˵ӦɵĲôԡ
үϲˣҽԼ
СҲ˰ͺðˣ
˵ЦɫѿһЩʵ֪ô
ү˵ֻнСӦԼУ
岻˵仰ҵıҪûаɣ
˵
⡭С㣬ոǺү𣿡
⣿
üҪԼҾ˵䣬ǱҽԼԺ˽οǽң
ҲϳǵĴ壬żҵʵ¡
ָΪ飬ԭҹϵһ
յ˫ĿʧѾýΪ˳ЦˣٿʱҪսԼĻϢ˳ȥҵ潫ᵴȻ޴棬ΪϳһЦ
ٿƺ˵ʲôȴǱٿֹסˣҲ˷̫ʱ䣬գҪ־͹˫ĿʧżϳҲͷļ壬ΪżҶүҪȢϹӻȥżҵҲҪûԣԼΣ㶼Ҫ
ճĬСճȭ״Ǵûʹ
ҸոյʵصˣǽգҪǾʲôʧĻҿԾ㣡
㵱ٿҲûϵ٣ģҺ⣡
˵ʲô
ѹֲסеķŭ
ûʲôֻˣǺôңǽҺżҪżϵô
ٿƣ˿ûй˼ɽյĸܣ㵱ҵˣȻҸϾչǣ
żϳ֮һԱĹϵܲ
С㣬ү˵ˣӦûκκ֮˰ɣ
ļֻҪǩ֣ҺżҵĻԼʽ
ٿµļĺܡ
Ȼһ
С㣬ȻäˣҪţֻһݽԼļѣģǲʲôȦģ
С㣬ʲô˼һ仰˵Ҫ֪үʱǺܱģϣļǩ֣
ѱʷǩ
ٿ˵ҿûʲôˣ㣡
ǰһҪӲڽУֽǱķɣŭҪǲǩĻ᲻ץסҵӲǩ
㣡С㣬Ȼ㶼˵ˣҲֻˣֻҪǩļұǿԸˣǸˣ
˽Ų鶯ȻһߣָҪסգʱһ羢ȴǻա
Σ
նˣȻѪϵµô£
ﻹˣ
˭
ӥǵ˵沿˵
֪պͼŮͬסڹԢ⹫Ԣˣȴû뵽
ңɫȣ˫۵Уһֵ
ոǷ羢ѵһʩչ
ܾöŮ˶ֶŵĸ֮ΪˣȻֻżҵ߹ѣ˵˵ոҪְֻסյģ
ƽȴձùȻ죬Ƕٿԡ


2078 ǱΪ
ԭڷĺúõģѡ
Ҫ֪ԢֻͽˣҲǽ⵽鷳顣
Ҳû뵽龹Ȼ˹Ѫһ˾ȻҪƽսԼ׿轭ա
ԭ㻹뿴ô죬ٿĶֶţ㳹Ͳסˡ
ߣСӣȰ㣬ٹ£żϳĺܣԼ鷳
˿ڳԡ
ֻ֣
ȴ˵˵ĻֻҶˣ
ң
˰ڳһƣȴЦΪ۸һŮˣΪΪô
꣡
ѵ졣
ú˵ڵʹະе˺ѷΡ
ûг֣ӲıŪ˫ֹۡ
㣬ôˣ
ûʲôֻҪιˣ
˵
ֻû̫ݣĻһ궼Լһ˫֡
ٿ¥µȴѾãҲǰͲס¥Ԣ̱ڵʹҲһô£ſϸʲô
үһҵֹˣ
ٿһ㣬ȻǸϹӣûа㹥ԣǰˣ˭ôڽյĹԢǹŹ֡
ģ
ٿʵ
˵ҪΪͷô
ٿҡҡͷɫЩǣҪһԸԼǿɸǺã˵ֻΪýսԼҿɲµģ
ãԸ
˵
ǷļУڡһֱ˺룬˺Ƭ
ʲô˼
ٿʵ
㲻õģļȻûǩ֣ҽ绰Ҹ˵ҺĻ½
˵
ٿЩ죬Ǻϣոԣ
סսݵģݵģ֪𣿡
ңߣ
ٿ˫۵Բû뵽ԼȫһζǸոսսļһ˺мֱݵζ
ôôˬӹ񣬶ŮˣʲôŮ˰
ٿʱִߣܵõյĿͷŵѾܲˣߵϻŵĵùߣҶˣ
ǣү
뿪֮󣬽Ҳɳϣɫ԰ף֮ǰٿͶʵ̫֣˿ǽյֱ衣
һŮӣͱЩ壬ջڸո˺ļľٶʵһ
޳ɣ֪еԶ㻹ĺýã㻹ѣô
˵
յȷڹǿĻҲͲסк
СʱҺٿǺܺõ飬Ҳ֪ΪʲôھȻΪ˫Ŀʧ䲻أ
㻹ǵСʱģ
ǵã
㿴ڵӣʧ̫࣡
Ц
ѿ𣿡
ֹѿֱǸɱأ
ɱأ
ͷ磬ۣǿ˶󡭡ĳô
˵
⡭
԰ʱҾäҲҸ٣һЩĶңողһأ
ͣ
ǰοңҲûҪѱ˵ôѿɣ
Ц
ϣôôƬ
ʫԻȻһˣǿϵƬҲĪ
ʫ˵գ㲻˵ٿأ
Ѿˣ
˵
ˣ
ԻɫԾ㣬Ӧ֪Щʲôɣ
ҡҡͷûʲô£
˵ٿҽԼҴӦˣ
ʲô
Ǹ쵰Լģ
ô˿ô
ʫ˵
˵ڣȻĻո̫Σˣ
ΣգѵǿԼô
յͷͨˣҺԭָΪ飬ģǲˣ˫ĿʧʲôʸȢأ
ʲôɫмĸ˲Ҫ㰡ֻ˵ٿ̫ˣ
ҩɾȣ
ʫ˵
˵ˣȻطˣ
˵ͻԼ䡣
Ǳˡ
ʲôҲҪȥˣ
ȥʵʵոյ׷ʲôˣ
ٿսԼհһֽԼ˺ˣ
ô򵥣
ǻôӣˣˣ

һܵ죬Ҿһûô򵥵ģ
ʫ˵
ˣҪˣõ㣬˵˵
㣬ûиоϵķģȻѾˣ
Ӧǽеɣʲôʱôˣ

żҴլ
Ϊϳ֮һżңʼ߻Ȩ
ϳǵʷ׷ǧǰ
żңǧǰϵĴ˼ҡ
żҴլҲϳΪϵĽ
ͳƹżҽżҴլȥһٻ
żҲز⣬Ȼ֪żҴլԽԽֵǮԣֻҪżҴլһ죬żҶϳ޿ɺļ塣
ٿżҶү꣬ԭҪȽͽյĻԼȻչԼġͼ־ϾһֽԼ뽫ҪȢϹӵţЩŻ
ȻԸΥû뵽Լ˲˳ģȻһԽٿԽ
ҹܻİֱ˸椷йеߡ
й֮ٿ뿪ᣬҹܻᾭЦģүôʱڰѵϳǣ˸ǣ
ߣ֪ģʣ
ǣǣС˶ˣ
һٿҲŻصϳǣǰ컹ܺϼ䣬û뵽һﾹȻ֮
ٿû뵽ּˣ
һ
ٿһˣҲ˵壬û뵽㣡
ٿǰ͸̸ʱȫʱ˵ȫͻİҲ𺳲ѡ
ٿСǳݰ֮ˣԶڷȫҲż𾴡
վڷȫԣΪ˶Ը㣬ҲȻȫڷȫˡ
ôôʣҪк𣿡
Щķˣˣ壬ΪΣ
רģ
ң
ٿ۾һѵҪ죿
̣ⲻ˺ͺڵ򽻵ҲȫͻЩʵܵ
żϳǵĴ壬ҷȫҰ飬ҽĿҪżҺ
ĿҪ
ٿЩȣϾԷǺڵҡ
ôͻϲ̨棿
壬ĿĻȽ̸
ٿ˵
þõĲˮ̸꣬Ư椶
ȫ磡
ͷ


2079
ٿΪһ꣬Ȼڹûѧκõ֪ʶϾҴҵ󣬶Ϊֻһ򣬼˥Ʊؼٿϡ
Ҫżҡ
ѾͽսԼ޺֮ǣ·ȫĿҪ̸ٿȻϲ
ȫô˵ҲϽͻôһɱ̫򵥲ˡ
壬ҸմӹϳǵĲ鶼̫˽⣬Ƿ㣬Ҹȴұ𾴣ֻҪǷ˵Ŀұض֮أ
ٿҼȻѡżҺͱȻް̣֮ģƱǷƵĴ⣡
ȫ˵

żҵĶͷ˽⣡
˽
ٿǾȣ壬ǷⰡ

ȫЦôٿڹô鶼ǰϵôôôܳɴҵοϳǣͻ˵һҲû취Լǣ
壬Ҹ˵Ӣһͻ˱ɡ¡
ʲô
ȫЦ֣ΪͻֻǸɸȡѵ⣬֪ǺͲʡУ˽⣬Ȼǰ½ˣѶ̫ߣܵõżҵ֧֣ߺ˵ĻߺߣǮƽ콵
壬ڱҪǻ˽⣬²װɣ
ԣżҵⷢƵĻᣬҲˣ
ȫ˵
ЦѲżүǺ»ż𣿡
ʲôֻǣǣ󣬿Ҳһ˾
ٿ˵
ٿմӹȣǲԼɵҵżҴլԺ᲻ᴫи㻹⣡
壬Ҳ֪鱻Ҹ֪ͬģô
ҲһԭܾӦñ˸á֣
ȫ˵
壬飬һϸǵģٸ𸴣
ãٿҾ͵ĺϢ
壬ҼﻹЩ飬Ҫȥһˣ
ٿȥҲ˵ȫ磬һƺǺ
ܹģ⼸ǶĳֻҪֽţҲϹ
ȫѾˣСӣڹֻѧŮ˺ͶĲصϳǣүǰװģʱ䶼ڶĳҹܻ
ͷһҪõ

ڵڶ֪ʱҪؼסϢճԹ緹˱ŽߣҹȻҲϳǵĴ壬ųҲǹ
ʫ˵ǸٿǸ쵰ҪҲôؼҵģ
ԻͷҺżҽԼýҵգ֪Ŷ
㣬ô˵ѵ㲻ô
ʲôã
ЩղȥסҪ֪Ҳиĸˣһֱסİɣ
͵ջؼҿĸˣ
ʫôһ룬Щοˡ
Ի˵˵ˣ㣬ȥǾưɣûжⰡǰưɷʧ󣡡
ҶҪˣ
Ц
㣬ưûʲôϵĵƼϳǻָҳأ
ʫ˵
л佱ˣˣȻطϢˣϻҪϰأ
ҸҲǻص䡣
㣬ĻҪһոʹˣķ˾Ȼģû뵽һˣȻ˶ôóԣ⣡
ķģ
ԻҲǾЩ˼顣
ϸ룬㻹Щܣᣬ

󸻺¶ĳ
ҹǶͽݵѵط
һҹ֮ﱩҲ˱˿˫ţѪɺӡ
ٿȴǽΪѰ̼ĵطΪǮȱ
ο̶һСʱѾӮһٶʵǮʲô
ҶǮô֪ΪʲôҪҵҵʲôãһСʱѵ׬һٶʲôûĲ̼
мһ˵ЦЦٿĲ
ȻĳѰ̼ģۿԼôҲҪӮǮŷؼС
һʱ֮䣬ڶĳҲԽԽ
Сʱ֮󡭡
үѾǷǶĳ߰ٶˣȷҪǮ𣿡
ׯҷ֮ǰٿ
Ҳͷ󺹣ԭ̵Уǲ֪ΪʲôСʱ֮УԽԽڲаҲǶĵԽԽ
ϵֽпļֽȫ꣬˶ĳ߰ٶ
żҶүʱѱ˫ֶȥˡ
ٽһżҿܻ˰𣿡
żȻҴҵ󣬵ǰ˰һСĿңٿ׿ڣҪø֪ԼǶĲҪ˰ģҪԼɡ
ҪһүǶĳĽģҲǶĳĽĿҪ㻹Ļֻʾҵϰˣ
ģǰ˰ѣҪʾϰ壿
Բǹأ
ׯ뿪ԭأûӣվһˣٿҲǿ죬ƬҲǷȫߵǸӡ
󲻵ǣ⡮󸻺¶ĳǽĲҵ
үҼûĳ벻㾹Ȼĳͣ
˵
Ȼ㣬ǾͺðˣһӦܽɣ
ȻܣүѾǶĳ߰ٶ򣬾Ҹүӣٽ򣬴ոǷǶĳһǧΣ
ãˬ죡
ٿöԷܸԼӡ
ǲʱȫ⡣
һϣһǧ
ҲǶĳһֻ
ؼǣٿ֪ȥһǧծ
ϰ壬Щ
үѵǮرҪ֪̫ܰ
ЦЦ
ģҽǱĺܣǶĳĹأǮӦʲôʱϣ
Ƕĳ˰Ľһ֮ڣģڶǰٷ֮ʮϢǶĳĸû˿Գܵ𣡡
ʲô
ٿа˵ϰ壬ǷѣӶɣ
żҼҴҵ󣬲һǧ򶼳ɣ
ôܣֻҲԶĲҸҪǮɣ
ٿ˵
ǲ˼ǶĳǴãҲվĽǶȥ飡
˵үûǮĻֻҵȥ㸸Ҫˣ
ϰ壬㲻Ҫ̫֣ĻҪҽ¸߷壬Źģ
үȻ÷˵үطĻһǧǲҲգүƺͷûʲô鰡ҿģ
Ц
㡭ʲô˼
ٿüͷһ壬ȻЩ˵ʲô


2080 ޸ǳ
ʲô˼үôȫȴһƴǣֻҾûа⣡
˵ҽϲýѣûгˣȴ
ϰԭ˵Ǽ飬ֻ˵ҪǼѣΪϾ漰ͷﲢֻżڹнңҲжͷĹϽȨ
ٿ˵
ʵϣȷ˽û̫ȤϾ̫Ҫ汻ץסˣ°ضڼȹ
ⶫͷȷżһƹܣǣٿҴӦȫ
żҺͽҲǶҪһôϳ˭֪պָΪ飬㸸׾Ҫɻɣ
˵
ٿɫѿ
ЦЦ˵ǽǸϹӣõǲůůҲͦõôοϳҲǴ壬ֺα⸱飿
֪ʵѾͽսԼˣ
ʲô
۾ɴ󣺡˵ģͽҽԼ
ٿɲҪȢһϹΪޣϳǻаô
̫ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ʲô˼
㣬żңǰٺһģ
ٺѵȢǸϹӣʲôôɣǲ֪ڵԿηַӿ
ٿ˵
ѵͲᱻ˵ɣȱǸô
˵
Ǳ˵ҲܱԺϹӳűָָõĶ࣡
ٿڹ⻹ûѧʲôõĶ뿴ҪȢ˽գһ֮˻ᳰЦ㣬ž˶Ϊ壬ʹ֪Ϲ벻ϳǵȦ棬ƷȻǶһĵģ
˵⣬ɾȦƷôãôοͽżҺΪΪϳǵһ壬֮ǺͽսԼԿĲֹżңԼ
ٿ룺ϰ壬˵ɻҪҺͽճ£ҵõͷĹϽȨʱðͷ˽𣬶԰ɣ
ٿֻһԭ򣬶Ҫһ֣㻹ûŪף
ʲô˼
ͽճɻ飬㸸׽żȫϣĻżǷоͺ˵ˣ
˵
ٿüͷһ壬˵ͽս飬ȷżҹ̼λǣǸϹӣȻһأ
λ㶮û˵Ȣ˽ջСοǸϹӣԺСûץ֤ݣ
ЦңڿƼô׼ƽ۾Ŀˣ
Ҳ԰õɫɲͣ۾Ϲˣȷϧ˵мֵ
ٿ˵ϧѾͽ˵ˣҲӦ飬ҪڣӦúѰɣ
һϹӶ㲻Ҳ֪Ժܳʲô飡
˵ĲԸȢյĻҲֻȥ㸸Ǯˣ
ǧϰ壬ҴӦͷͻؼ׼һУ
ٿֻŵ
Ҫ֪ڹϣ֪ԼͽսԼһǮĻԻ乬ġ
ãٿ㿪ͺðˣһǧʱѹ
Ц
ˣأ
ȥһ˱ɵۣӦúܿͻģٿԼˣ


Լ뿪ưһЩڲڰ̨ȴ°ĵ
Ϣʱ䣬˵ҲǹˣǸû㣬ĺûķƶô

ҡҡͷ
ǵȷһ̬㲢ģϾϳֻΪ˼Լ뿪ҲΪҲԼκ϶˰ɡ
Щǣųէ˭ԼôȤҪ˾ˣҪŮĻ˵ܺͶԷһ档
ԻھưɾҪŵʱģһƣҲǽõĹ֭Ի˵ѧΣ̫ˣڵĴѧֻ˯ǰǶֺʦˣ
ëϯ˵ѧϿ˯ܹѧֻܹʦĲ
Ц
ҽ̵ǸҲܽĸɹ¸ɣ
¸٣
뵽ǸűͣԼ¥µļһҲͬͣԼȥһ硣
Ǽһ˼ϷųΪԼϡ
ôˣ㲻ϲ
ϴô
û
ǶԲֻ
˵
͡
ҿɲ˰
Ի˵
࿴ĵ𾢣Ҳ⣬ʹ֪֮ûʲôܻὫԼԻȽϡ
ΪʲôԼûлأ
㣬ʰ£ҾȻȥˣ
˵
ˣ
ͷ
಻֪ôϣ˵һ䣬Լؼңϰһ쿪ʼ仰ʹû
Ȼ뿪
Ի˵֪֪ϲ㣿
ϲңΪʲô֪
ΪҲŮˣҵȻó
Ի˸
ЦЦ˵ܷḻһ˵ɣ̸ˣ
û
Ի˵Ů˵ֱ֮ϲ㣬ҾҲЩʾ˰ɣҪ֪ǲŮӣ
ҪҸ㣬Ҹĵϲϲأ
ң
ԻʲôˣȻסԴͷۣˣһӶһģ
ȻӰ
㰵
ͷųһ˿׭עԻڣԻɫָ
˵Ļͻ״鷳
ĵ
ԻոͷʹͣһЩСʱ򿴵Ļ棬˵Ϊʲôͷʹôͺˣ
ҲΪվ߰ɣ
ЦЦ
̨һЩƷʰ֮󣬹Ͼưţһ߻عԢ
ưɲԶͣһſ˹˹
ʻһɫװˣ˵мӢھư棬עᱻѧôڨĶ
ʻһɫˣԳ죬ŷֵȴһĴڡ
˵ĿⲻԼͬư⣬⣬һŮ߳
еȻ㣬ŮԻʵϱ־룬͸ȴǸо޼һ㡣
ŮɫЩƣߵŮ˭
ֶŮ˽ԻסһԢ棬ӦǽؼҰɣ
װ˹˵ʹŮò۾Ҳƫư֣Ů
װ˼˵Ǽ˵ֶԻԢ滹ŮˣӦ˺һԢǼΣϵҲദ
һ˺Ůô
Ů¶Ц޸ǳģ


2081 ز
˹˹ոߵʱȻͷǸӦʲôһоܹŹ֡
ƫƫûʶӦڵŵ˭˹˹Ӱһ
ôˣͻȻͣ
ԻЩס
ҡҡͷûʲôǻȥɣ
˻صԢʫȴ˵˸õϢ㣬ҽմ绰ֺܵ䣬ôʳԭٿȻڽȥˣ
ף
ԻüҪսԼ𣿡
ǰҲûףͬ⣬ȴٿһλᣬ˵ʲôٿڹѧϰ꣬յ۾
ʫ˵Ƿˣ˵ǧ磬Уж֣ܳʵ̫˵ɣ
ҵ״Ӧû
Ӧˣ
Ѿ׼ˣ
͵λҺżҶмôģ
Ի˵һ޸ٿ
ǿ϶ģҲǸʲôӣ㣬ҸоҪհĻһͻˣ
ʫ˵
ȷǺͽͬãƽʱΪ룬ʱȻǲý뻢ڡ
οѾϹˣҪټ޸һУֱҵ顣
żϳ֮һҲǴ壬ƾǵ΢ɣ
Ի˵ʫ꣬㸸׳棬ݣҲԹϽİɣ
һ涼أæ
ʫҡҡͷƺ߻иȫܳˣһ˫ˮ۾һֱ㣬߹Ŀ񡣡װˣΪǶ꺢أҲֻܰﵽǣҪգ
ʫ˵
ԻҲǿ㣬ȷ̫أ䣬һǹˣͲȴǱһЩϼһﶼҪȵĶࡣ
벻˭ܰﵽա
ҲǸô嵽һżȥ
˵
⣬յԼĸԶݣҪһŮӱٿȢֱݡ
Ҫｭȴǲ򵥣ⳡǽҺżǰͶ˵ģż׻ɹˣҲ˵ѾȫٿȻ˽գֻ΢ᣬⳡλֻ
Իʫ궼ʵеʫ˵˵ôգǶŮӣǴˣȻҪ취ˣ
˵ٿԢҽսԼ̬ȷǳԿĳʱ¶ҪƽǩǷļ

Իʫ꾲ţҴ㡣
ԣٿΪʲôһ֮ͷ޳ȥϴ壬ǹؼڣ
˵ţرҪѹٿǾԲȥ׵ģ
е㣬˵ǶأǸĦ˹һͷǹã̫ˣ
ͷǹõͺ˺ô
ʫһۣҶ˵ôˣһ񾯲컹벻Ӧʲô

ʫϸ룺Ӧ˼ȥκεص㣬κ˼棬ǳҪ
˽ļӣ㻹ҪǰĶ̬
˵
ʫҪˣʱȥסյ
Ի˵
ͷ
ʫʵǶ¸ɣأ㣬
ҰҾʹǵĺϢ
㡭
ʫ꼱ĻʦİҲŴһȥհ
һˣȥҲ̫ðɣյĸĸΪ׷
˵
û£Ҿ˵Ҵ磿
Ի˵
ͱ磬ҪӸ֣
Ц
ʫҡҡͷУУ㣬һﻹЩСǱʵģ磬廹ǻΪ׷յģϾǺ鰡
ô죿
ɴ࣬װѣҪǳѣͲ˿ˣ

Իɫһ䣺ԲУҲҪѣⱲӶҪ
㣬û㵱ѣֻǼװһ¶ѰΪɻأǵӰľҪֺαأ
ʫ˵
ԻɫָƽʫĻͦõģһ㣬ߵ˵ʵɣҪĻҵǾЩԿ
ʲôһˣҪȹ㣬ҿɲٰѣ
ʫ˵ŶˣͦŮ˵ģǲͬ㣿
ϴڷʫ賿ĵ˽ȥβ˵ԼŮ˵ģû뵽ʫ꾹Ȼ⡣
ԻƺʫոյĻͷãˣҺȥռȶʫþĹϵ׷ٿ
ٿǸУηҪϵȫڳɣ
ʫеܻ棬΢΢ҡͷѹֵڵϵĲͬѧĽŮ죬ȷҪǱʲô˵飬³繷

ϳǱһ¥öˡ
ҹ΢縡˿˿⣬һɫŮ˼ɫվ̨ĽǶȿȥܸϳǵһС
ƽһ΢ŲŮ˻ͷ˵ǣ㿴ϣҹ续ҵѡȻûУضΪҵĵչѸ٣츮еķ٣
츮еľãĹУеһ
ֶ֪ԭ򣬲ȫΪ̩ţ
ϧĬϵҹ˸һ˿޷Ķ
ֶΪǸˣǰ츮еĴ棿
ǲʵ
ȻûĿնɱ̻ʣȶ̩ŵһЩ¼Ϊϧȴǲ鵽Ƭϳǵģ˿
֮ôԼôĸ֮£Ի¶ţûС
ǾΪϳǵһˡ
ǣйô˸ĸˣ
Ϊ
˴
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ҡͷ
ʮ֮꣬꣬ʧ꣡
ϧ˵ǲˣôܻо󣿡
ǣҸգûݣ˵ò༫󡭡ֶΪûпˣ
ݣ֪ҶܽܣοϤӣ
ϧ˵ʵ̫ˣ֮£ҵ̫࣡
ֶôأòȥҾø䣡
ˣ
ϧҡҡͷˣǣȲ˵ˣܿңһԼɣҵ꣬ҲںЩˣһһֱϳǣֱҵң
ǣֶôļƻʲôϳǵһĿ
ز
ϧ˵
ز
ǻȻͷǼزӦҪʶһͷزҪưϳˣ


2082 
ңϳǵ̺Ĵ壬ȻЩЩ˥֮Уǽҵĵ̣Ȼ
ǽҵĴС㣬иֻСĵܵܽףҵδ·ͷڽϡ
㣬֪޸ٿ֮ԴӦףΪǽҵ˥
׳һ㣬Щ۽ա
㲻Ҫ룬Լľ㽫Ҫúð︸񽭼ң
㣬һģҲ뿴㲻Ҹ
ҡͷ
ЦЦ˫ۿκζʱ򣬾עԺòҸô
㣬ģ㲻ٿ飬ҽҲ񽭼ң
ˣףѾˣ֪⣬Ѿ㹻ˣ
̾˿ҪٿԺ۸㣬Ҫȣ
С㣬Իһڴ㣡
һڽ˵
Ի㣿
˵ǽҲֻԻ԰οҽˣ
Ի˵㣬ˣλǣ
ԻӵĿһ㣬󻺻˵ѣ
㣬ѣ
һ
ôѵҺԻ䣿
΢΢һ§ֱ§סԻˣ׿զ࣬Ҫ֪Ҳ˵ԻĸԵģǿƫôͻȻ֮˰
˵ǳòԻҲǺʡ
һﲻ֪㣬ҲЩȻЦðɣȻһˣ
ҽ㶼Цˣб£ãҽ˵ҷģȳȥˣ
˵
գܵڿǱǰ²٣г
Ի˵
ǰϳǣǸһȻûɹ£ҲɽˮֺҺٿ飬˺ܶ飡
˵ҵϣܵΣң
գҪٿ飿
ں죬㣬һ죬ô
˵
ԻͷҵȻ㣬ֻ
㣬֪Ҫ˵ʲôԼϣûʲôǽҲǺ۸ģٿԺҲҶ̫֣
˵
Իһ㣬ʾҪ˵ʲôߵӱϣ˸ɾƻţȫԻ
ԻһԲԼһأǵġ
ԷɣҲ֪жܴڼˣ
į
ȻǼ޵żңȷǻٻؽˡ
ϳԷʱԻҲǿ˽յĸĸյĸ׽ԻѣҲһЦ⣺ԻŮչˣ˵ʵڵģҺŴĵ׸л㣬˸ѣҲΪˣʱϲƼǵ˵һԸǵľ磡
ҵıȽϸӣ˵زƵǲ٣ϳеĲپƵ꣬ŽҵĹɷݡ
ԻЩΣлΡ
ˣ㣬֪﹤أ
ϴѧʦ
˵
ϳǵıˣ

ҡҡͷ
ԻҪȥˣ

˵ҪĻҲ﷢չһֱ
˰㣬ᣬͳΪһʦҪ֪ʦǷǳģлĻһܸһЩ;ưɣ棬ķչǰ;󣡡
˵
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˵
˭˵
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ѣ
ҡͷҸо棬ңһδˣ³ŵ˵˺עӣٵǵĻԼô
ǲǹһ񣿡
ɣʫԲ鵽ЩʲôõĶ
˵
֮ʫҲǻصԢɫЩ㲣ӦǰҹԻ˵û㶼ھ˯ģ
Ƿ˶Ÿ𣬴㣬㲻֪ٿĵϸжôӣûʱ䣬һ鲻ꣿ
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ҲǴӷ߳죬һֱڵʫϢȴһֱûл
ǽնӣԻҪϯ
㣬ãǿҶ鵽Щʲô
ʫ꽫ʼǱó涼ٿһЩϡ
ԻҲһֱĻʫһƶ꣬һ˵һͲȥѧ֪ʶģ˶Ĳ椣˽ãͼŮھƵ꿪
ʫ⿴һ㣺֮£㣬Ҳ֪ô࣬ŮƵ£Ȼң
˵ģǻʱ䣬ˣնӣ
Ŷҽ˵ٿǽһãԼŮʦŹжĲĵ¶ĳһǧ𣬵ʱöĳ˴绰ף˵ˣһǧ𣡡
΢΢ҡͷû뵽ٿȻԼĸףȷҪڹĻҲܸ̫ǮĵģԼԼ̵Ǯ
һֱһޣδҪսԼģΪӣ˱˵л
ΪʲôͻȻأ
Իʵ
Ĺؼˣ˵Ƕţ
ʫ˵⼸죬ٿһϵܣǡ󸻺¶ĳϰ
ǲ鵽ٿǰȥ󸻺Ǯ˼򣬻˽һǧ򣡡
֮ٿһֱͽϵȥ󸻺ǮýǮͻȻٿĸһ
ٿ
ԻЩ⣺׺ûʲôϵɣ

йϵ
Ҫû´Ļı֮˾ǷȫǱΪ飬ٿıǷȫ
˵
ʫǾһ㣬ȫסô֪һû˵أ
֪ȫΪʲôҪвٿ𣿡
ǵڸٷȫʱûκ鱨
ʫ˵
ٿԿ϶ȫһʲôıĻٿֵ͵İܼӣǿϵģ
˵û뵽ոͻȴҵµķ򣡡
ǰͻһ㶯ûУǻΪȫʵأû뵽иıڱ󰡣
ǽն飬֣
Իǵģǽûмʶһ޶ıͽ˶ϣùҾǽԸգٿֱǸҪˣջʲôδ
ȴҡͷӦ÷ǳȫںٿ֮ǰӦǰȫģʫ꣬þֲ½ҺżҵһЩͬ棬ܸ֪ȫҪʲô
ҽͲȥֳˣʱҸ绰
ãǴޱޱһȥ
Իͷ


2083 ʽ
˵ĶڽµһǼƵٰġ
ʱ䶨硣
˫ļˣϳͷﶼᵽء
ٿ촩ģȻһϹӶľ˺һӣ뵽ĻҲǾסʱˣϾԺô滹ô棬һϹѵץڴ
ٿͽվһ飬Цǰǰ󣬽һƽҪ
ԣúܶ˶ǣⳡʽվȻüٿ˷쳣
ѵӦ෴ıô
գˣ
ޱޱЦ棬ʱѧУ飬ǲ֪Ԣ̫飬Ի򵥵㣬Ҳýޱޱ֪ո޸ǰˡ
գλ˭֮ѾҵѣҲúýʵǣ
ٿ˵
ҪԻͽޱޱʵ̫ƯˣٿԲῪڣ⻰һ˵ڣЩˡ
˵λҵĺýãҶٿ⣬Ȱ㻹ˣ
յĻһ涼ٿ
յĸ׽վڲԶŮ˵⻰Ҳü˵գ⻰Щˣٿɲеˣ
ⶼЦأֵܷصģ
ٿ˵
εͷһ°ɣλǽޱޱλԻ˶չԢĽãλԻѣ㣡
ٿûпŮǿһ㣬ЩмСʲôȻݵôƯʵŮˣȿʲô͡
ٿ֣ûɨˣٿѿȴû뵽־еҪĶ࣬ʹٿᶼˡ
ٿôˣôͻȻô죿
ʵ
Ҳɿ֣ٿ˵û£û£ҿЩ򼱰ɣ
ͣ
һԵĽޱޱԻЦ
ԻֻҲǿһ㣺ʫĵ绰£

ӹֻ洫ȴʫ
㣬û뵽ǾȻôôͲ鵽ϣܿϧȫСĽСУٺ٣Ӧ֪ô˰ɣ
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˺Ļͷȫֻ·һ
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ֱֻӹҶϡ
ԻüҲʵôˣ
ûʲôֻ㣬Ҫһˣ

ԻȻ֪绰ݣ֪Ҫ뿪һԼԭ

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˵ģҿɲ㣬ϴѾųˣҪ㲻ĻǵŮˣδ㣡ٺ٣
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СƢֻͦ꣬ƢٱأһӲȥȵʱֻмаɣ
̣ǽУҲֻΪĸ

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ȻһֱСʱܸϵʹǶôʵ顣
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ԣСʱһҽ뼸λһ𿪿磡
һʫ꣺Сֵͨľζһüλʧġ

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Щȡ
ʵϳĵ÷УҪã
һСʱ
һ˵
㣬ģѵ˽˷ɻɣ
ü
꣡
éűֱƿ谵éǳ
ҪʫǼվ֮£ͺսһ㡣
·˿ʫУâ䡣
˵ĻȻȥţ
һ⡣
ȴǺȵλɵ۵ĵڴˣ㣬ҷǽ챾Ϊɱ֣
ô
ЦⰻȻ
λˣҪۿôһɱģ
ǰɹԸ㣬ȴǱ׾ٻܣʦк׳ֶԸ㣬Ȼ
Ȼк׺һսûĿãսΣҲǲ̫
죬˶Ǳɵ۵ǿߣȫƱ˵Իɱ㣬ĻȫҲڽһж
Ǿ
Ҳûκɲǡ
ȻԭǸмģϾ㲻ǻһϻĳԱˣ˵֣ҪкףҲ׾١
Сʱ֮ڸϵʮĻ壬ȴǼţɱţҲ½̫ࡣ


2084 ɱ
һôҪ
ǲмǾֻƣΪ塣
һҫϴ֣ǽСӣŮҲһݣ
ҪܶԸ㣬˵һŮˣϳǵŮˣ
ºڡ
ȴǲ˿ԶԸ㣬ҽ
Ҳվһ飬ûֹˣϾǵȷ棬Ҳ̽̽ʵ
ҲǼӣû˵ֱӱ㳯ȥ
Ҳ깦򣬹׻УԸͨˣһ˳ȭȭ
Ȼ㲻ͨˣ˵ȭͷûнӽ㣬ǱһȷɣֱӽéĶײҲ˳ȥ֪ǻ
֪ߵغĶҲܣ

ȻԭһЩѿˣһλҲǻ⣺ܻкףҲȷʵмˮƽֻ˶ǿߣǿ󣬷׵磬ܣ
һ˵
һЦ⣺Ȼأ
ֻ֮ǰ֪㾿ôٶģ
ô˵ˣǾĿô
˵
Ŀ
Сӣʲô˵ڵģ仰ӦǶ˵İɣ
ΰСʱϵģΪеĿ־ôΪֻǿˣſܰСʱ֮ڷô죡
˵ֻǸӣܶǿСʱϵһýвҵģ
ֻǿϧʧˣʮӾ͸ϵˣֻΪеţûмʱ֣ĻѾŲ˰ɣ
㵭˵
ܣʮӾ͸ϵ㣬Ϊ𣿡
ɫһ䣬Ǻһ㣺죬㿴᾿˭Ųͣ
ռ̫Сߣȥѿ
ʧéݵС
ҲӰһ
ǵӰؼԱһ㣬ʫ꿴Ŀ࣬ǾУҵȴǽӴ̫٣ԿЩҲǻἤ
䣡
һзȻһӣһӿռ䵱ƾճ֣ŰһϮ㡣
Ҳûд⣬Ǹʩչ׵磬Ȼһ١
ãͿжǿ
ûж
ƾ׵磬ˮ
ܴ֮УΪɣһѾСӣûʲô汾£Ļոôվأ
ȵȣ
ǿ浱ʲô
һôһ¶ûУ·ûбƣ

ͬʱ˲۾ǿ㵭վԭأĶˡ
һǹ
ôһ˶ûУ
˫˫ȫڲڹܹǻĻҲǻְ̹֣
é棬ʫϵȻι̵ĺܣʫɫеѾȷɳȥѹ
û뿪éݣȻ֪ԼȥҲﲻλʲôæǵĺϢ
СѾͷ㵹ˣ֪ڽô
˵
㣬һİ֣Ҫ֪жĥΪӵõ
ܻСѾͷĲ֪ôдİ
Ц
ʫʵû̫ĵϾҪ˶ǿߣԶ٣ҲΣոǲ˵Ȼ޷Է
ô˵ˣǲǾҸո˵ˣ޷ѳ
˵ʵڵģӶûأ볢ʣ
ŽһԼʫȻ¶Ц⣬Ŀȴǿ
ȻͷȻվŵýΪթʬˣô£λأ
ˣ
ʲôˣʲô˼㣬Сôǵɱ֣
ֻϧǵĹǻҶոɾˣĻۿ
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ʫ꣬ϵȫ⿪
ʫ걻ɰһ˲䣬ֱһнɲӦʱ䶼ûУʹ顣
ӣԸڵ֪ڵϿ޵ˣ
ʫŭ
ʮﻨ壬֣㼰ʱ¾ҪͽͬھˣϾס
Žɱʵסʹóֻһ룬㲢ûֹ뿴ʲôϷ
ȫ磬ʧˣСӣɱˣ
ʲôɱˣ
ǣ
һߴ绰һ߻㣬ʲôʱֽԼҲŪ
Ұȫ磬Ҳ
ã㽫ֻ㣡
˵ȫӵ绰
û
㿪ȫ磬ҿõ
㣬㽫ɱˣһСˣֻץвҵĻֱ룬ʲô
ֻ洫Ƶ굱зӵ
ʫ˵յ
㣬ȻϾɣȵʫ꣬Ȳ˽գ㽫ˣҲԽն֣ǴƽΣ
ȫ㻹ǲģ浱вңҾͲɱô
ҷȫȻ£ֻҷȫΪ㺦¾ηˣϳôأ
ãĹ£ƵҪǳκ⣬ȫĺǣ㶼ߣ
ģգһüֵҲǵĶʽκģ
ߣ
㿴һʫꡣ
˺ŻصңΪʫȥһ˾֣Ҳʫ鵽һЩϡ
㣬ӾƵ뿪ʲô鰡ôŻ
Իʵ
ûʲôʫ˵鵽һЩϢоأ
˵
ԻЩţΪʫУóѡ
㣬ĶʽȲ֣
ʫãܸԻĻԻᵣġ
У˿ٿҺܷ֮⣬ͦõģ
Ի˵
ʫҡҡͷҲ˵ⶩʽǳɹˣôܼ޸ٿǸأ
ֻǶѣ鵱춼ӻ飬ο飡
˵
ʫͷһҪץȫǸ󻵵Ҫħצ
ǲ˵鵽Щʲôô
Իʵ
㣬źܿȫᱻ֮Էģ
Ƿ
ҡҡͷʾЩˣȥϢ
ʫ쾭һ龪ҲŸɾ·ͽԡң˵㣬𴲣
һʲôң׷ʲôأ
Իɳϣüͷ˼


2085 ݼ
ǹ㣬¹Ųһ
ϥڴϣ˫һ£˼ǧ
Խ췢飬ûйζ黹֮ڣʲôҪ񣬷ȫǸˡ
Ȼ㵹ǣ츮еСϧ
ϳҲвˣܸоСϧľԽԽֻϧʩµ̫󣬾ǻ˾Ȼꡣ
㻹ȥСϧ
СϧСϧҪ֪ϳǶȥĻ᲻Թأ
һ˿̾Ϣ

ҹؾƵ꣬ͷȫܲ
ȫվɷ֮ˣϬͷ԰ףǵõˡ
ȫһįҲü˵˵ɱ
ǣûпҳȥʱǻҶʣˣ
п־
ɱҵͽ㣬ֱ
ҵ۽ôδ۸
߶Ͳס˵
λʦ壬ȱ𼱣㣬ȷʵЩѶԸֻǵ֮ǽעϣ
ȫ˵ҺżҵĶѾٿѾɹȡýεΣҪöͷȫϽȨṩһǳĻᣡ
һ˵ȫҪ֪ΪλӦ㣡
ȻҼ縺ñɵµʹҪø˶ɵۣ
ȫ˵ǣҪﵽȫµ˶֪ɵۣҪӵвپѣǿϵ»͵һȫĹֻһ䱦ɵۣ
˵ĺãʦûпۣȷʵǮͨ£ֻҪǮһжð죡
ȫ磬ҪǴɧţǸǺأ
˵
Ȼ֪ڸҪʲôȴһ֪ʱ˽ʱעЩӦûʲôģҲʮСʱǣ
ȫ˵
һ飬ȫ磬Ҹո˵̩ŵѾϳˣ
̩ŵܣ
ȫ۾һϹſ֮٣˵һ͵ƯŮܲãϳǣô
棿ȫ磬ϳǿʲôεطأ˵Ҫ㿪ģ
˼
ȫ˵̩ʵӴ󣬸ɵйϧضǿϳǵһЩĻϳǵģ
ͷȫ磬˵ҵˣǶǲһϳôȷ˵
λŮܲãҶҪ԰ݻһˣ
ȫ˵

ڶ죬ҡ
ٿһǸ˹ͽѾˣû⣬ЩܽȢؼңǸʱ򣬽Һżҽʽ֡
ٿҲԻΪżҲҵļ̳ˣһֽҵĲҵ
ȻȢգôǲӽٴߵʲôʵЩԲԼˡ
չʳ岻ʻرٿȴǲû⣬ҽա
ٿĴ磬ֻϧ岻ʣǲܸȥˣ
˵ΪٿҪճȥ档
ûʲôʲôʱʲôʱǣҽһҪ㣡
ٿ˵
ң
һûãҰҲǸһʽҿ׼һĿֻҪİæ
ôڽ֮ʼҵأû뵽Ÿն飬ѾȲˣ
ЦЦ޳뷨ˣӦҵΪأŮǸŮҲģ
˵ɣҰʲôæ
żһֱͽҹͬϽͷһΣϣȫƿضͷĹϽȨ
ٿ˵
ͷ漰ǽҲҵ񣬲ңǺ⴬ֻϳǵҪ׵ص㣬ίǽΣɲİ
ü
Ҳ֪ͷҪԣҸɵĲǷǷ⣬ôṼأ
ٿ˵ֻҪƿضͷڽҵȻʣ
ԥ£ջǵͷҲգٿԼˣҵǲҪ̫ģֻҪסͷ¹ҪмǲҪ÷Ƿлɳˣ
ǣͷĺˣ
ٿһϲ
ںͷȫĽ׵УٿȫȫҲ⽫õİٷ֮ʮ󽻸ٿ
ˣȫϳǻȫٿ
һϵٿѾȫΪԼľʦңǷȫĻָʹ
ͬʱһ¥İ¥칫С
Ž룬Ű칫ǰŵľɫˣҲһûа£ֶҪݼ㣡
ԴҴŶӽϳѾмҪݼ˰ɣ
ϧ˵
ǵģϳǵȫֶ磬ֻûкǼ˼
ǼżңҪ׼һгǽ̩ҪϳǷչزĿǣҲǰǽԼٷ
ϧ˵һΣ˭ݼأ
Ƿȫ
û˵
֪ɵϴõֳֻ֧֣ǰʱ丱ֳҲɱˣƺҪƯԼ
˵
͵ôǣбҪ֪ĵϸô
Ϊ֮ǰϳǣһֱ׷ɱ㣡

ϳǣһֱģܾȫˣ
ãҵҪλϴ󣬵Ҫʲô飡
ϧ˵
Щ죺ұΪֶҶԸȫǲҲӦüû뵽㾹ȻҪ
ɣҶĿģܸȤ
ϧ˵
ȫΪϧӼΪ֮ǰѾõϢȨ߶ϧһ棬ȻǵõĽȫֱӾܾ
ȫΪԼһɵϴʲôϧӼǵĵͷȴ÷ȫϲ
ߵϧ칫ҵ⣬ȫû뵽ԼȻЩţҪ֪֪ٷˣҲ٣ֻ̩ŵǿԼλŮܲõܴ涼÷ȫоѹء
صһ£ȫŵ߽˰칫ҡ
칫ǰž¾׵ӣ΢΢һ㶣ʧƬ̣ϧȴǿ˵ѵϲһֱű˿˵ô
ֶ³Ƿĳ̫ʧ̬ˣ
ȫȻ˵
˵ϳҲһ֮£֮ϵΪǸͷӵģû뵽ȴǲ̫󣡡
ϧ˵
ȫЦЦû뵽ϧ˵滰Ҳܱһ˵ĸζ˵ֶܾ룬ΪʲôƫƫҵİݷãѵֻΪ˿ͷǷѲ԰ô
ǵǣǶ̩ƱϻǾںĹϵңֻǢ̸飬ȻˣҳէΪβأ
ϧ˵


2086 շ
ȫǺԭǸŮ֮ˣܾŮ鷳׸滹࣬û뵽ȴһλ֣
̸֮УϧԼ˵̬÷ȫЩš
ʣϧڷȫǰ޿ɴĴ¾ϳǵгԼݵҪϧ֣ȫֻǸ죬͸ö˵ˡ
ֶ³Ȼݼ㣬ҪͶ̸̩ģ
ȫ˵
ѾҿеϳĿĿˣͻֻܰǸǨĿɣ
ϧ˵
ֶǧô˵ͻܸɵ飬ȥˣϳģ
ȫ˵̩ųϣǰڵһЩƱػᱻصĵزҵѣǣɰ鷳

ˣͻԳ䵱̩Ųٸ߲Աıڣ̩Ÿ߲İȫǵԱϣ
ȫ˵ֶ㣬Ѿܹ㿼ǺǺ˰ɣ
㣬ҵȷԿǺǺ
ϧ˵ҲǸҰļ֮ˣų˺̸ӦòֹΪǮɣ
ܺͶ̩źҷȫ׬Ǯֻ룬׼붫̩ţǳΪҵıɡ
ȫ˵ȻֶģҳΪ̩ˣ᳹װ£ľ
붫̩
ֻΪƯô
ϧʵ
ȫǣֻΪƯףҷȫһ弴ɣǿ˶̩ŵʵԼֶ³쵼ܣ
ȫ˵
ҶûܹϳǱɵڶ츮أôҪ붫̩ţδЩɣ
ֶ³ҷȫԲῴۣ꣬彫ʵ
Һͷ֣Ҫ𣿡
Ҫ
ȫЩֶ³ұضúΪ£
ãЩˣ飬һɶǸģ
Уֶ³ˣ
ȵȫ뿪ǽ칫ң˵ѵֶ³Ӧʲôô
붫̩ţͬˣ

Щ⣺ôᣬֻΪƯ׶ѣңǷչزֶҲҪǿ֮˰
ҪΪκ飡
˽£
ǻȻΪȫ˾ƿĶ򣬿ΪԵʣ
֪ʵЩˣҵ˽ҲҪԴ𣿡
ǲң
ˣȥæɣǵ˸ոչܶ๤Ҫȥǣ
ǣ
ǵͷ

ԢС
¼ʫ겻֪ΪʲôĸоõУ˯ʱμ㻯ɰԼĶͷֻʱŷһжξһּȵĿС
ϵȵ°ʫһĪϲЩ㣬ҽ쵹Ųջ񣡡
㲻Ҫô
˵
ʫѾסȥֻȫв
Ҫ֪ڵķ׭ʶ޷ţͻ״ѵһʱϵֳ
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ӦæΪȷʵǸµĹ߻ûаϽգǱʫٽӶĸ鷳
ҲŲ£
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ٿѾƿ˶ͷ֮ǰһն飬ΪⶫͷĹϽȨ
Ҫɵ˽⣡
˵
ҪҪҽȥǣ
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飬һ£
ʫ˵ϳһ˵ҪزȨַԷȫܾ
ô
츮ģǶ̩ţ
̩ţ
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ôˣô
ŶûʲôֻǾö̩ôҵȻҲϳǣ
ʲô쵼߻ʶ鿴óϳǾзչǱҪȻΪ̩ΪʲôܳΪȫǰҵ
ʫ˵˾ǣ̩츮еľڻĹһ
ݼ̩ŵˣƺûϵ
˵
ʫҡҡͷǽ죬һ˰ݼ
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ʫ˵ǿȫһЦĴӴ¥߳ǲԼ۾ⶫ̩žܾȨߣȴǽܷȫİݼЩ
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˵
ʫͷϧǾٹ¶Ůǿˣ֪Ҳûбֳȵ˼
תҲЩ󣺡㣬ȥﰡ㻹û˵뷨أ
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˵˻ϴ·ֱӽԡҡ
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㽫ͷˮֱӳˢȫ£ԡһ漫ľӣ㿴žеԼǾᡣ
㰡㣬㱾ŹȥСϧû뵽֪ϳǣɫϳǣΪչĿ𣿡
εĺܣֻϧڶڿ仹޿κΣںϧϣϧڷ
ΪϧԼİȫٱԣҲ
㰵
ԡۣԡ߳ʫɳϣǺЦ⣺ƽʱϴ;һʮӲͳˣһˣаСʱģ֪Щʲôأ
㽫ϴɾ·ɹ̨ϣûʫꡣ
Ůϲڱޣϲԡᣬ仰˵һû
ʫЦ벻ɣ⾯ĻƿҲЩ
ѵҾͲԡ׸
˵
㻹ģǼϸײʱ䣬ҲҪСʱɣ
Եĺӣײʱõѵҽѧԭ𣿡
ЦЦΪھһЩ˵ǻڱ˵ϣңҵģ
װƣ
ʫ
㲻þװƣҲ𣿡
٣㣬ûԭôҪ㲻ŮͲ֪ŵŮˣҪߵʲôӢۺú
ʫԽԽͦظҪ㡣
ΪϾ㲻Ů֪ԼһŻȻǰһˣذԻϸողһģˮջûȫɵĺܣûа㷴Ӧʫǳˤ˹ȥ


2087 
˰벽ԣʫ뻢ڣֱӱ㱧ڻУ˫ֶŵĲ֪÷ֻܷʫǰ
ҹɫˣĵƹҲЩ˵Ʊʮ룬űһֹס
ڸʲô
ԻӷԺĳ׼ȷ˵Ǳ˳ѵģ§һԻЩԼ۾
ʫһΣҲ֪Լոô㻳ˣ˫ֻҪķǰҪ֪ʫС󶼺ٺܽӴΪʫû뵽
Իһ㣬ʵôϵģڿ§§ɱǸأ
㣬ǸᰡҸողˤˣģ
û˵ʫ㿪ڵ
ԻҡͷʵҲûʲôҲǸˣҪһĻԺúñ㣡
ʲô㣬ûʲô
ʫ͡
ˣȻƫǲ֮ˣȻȥ˯ˣ
㣬㣬ոڸﰡ
ʫ˵
ҪңƨɶҪˤˣҪ⣬ҲӦҰ
˵
㣿˵ĸոԿһˣҲȥ˯ˣôϵģѹִϹ룡
ʫŤͷߡ
ԻڴϣȥôҲ˯ţ֪Լôˣոտʫ걧һ飬ﾹȻЩġ
һʼΪԼ˵֣ˣҲӦĸоǴζ
ˣôܣѵһϲ㣿
ԻͷȻˮȻЩ뵽ôϲأҲӦ˵ô
ԻһֱǿŲϲ㣬ԺȴǲϵĸֳһӰڶýΧĸ׷ĹϾĳһĻһĻԻȻ֣·ѾȫԼ
ûĻƺȱһֶеİȫС
ô£ԻԻǧҪ˵ĵ
Լ˿ڴ֮˵ú˯һҾЩЦ뷨

ڶ죬ֱھưϰ࣬ҲûпԻʫ꣬Сһͳţ緹ԣ֪ǲΪš
ưɵԺתҲһЦݣΪܾûʲôȿԼľӪľưٴλ𱬶ˡ
˧磬ǰưǷʲôôôྯѲأ
ǰǻΪưֲϮأǹֿµģ
֦չСյ̨ڨš
һһشǵ⣬˫ȴҲ鶯Ūţھưɺڰĵƹ֮£趯һ֧µ
ħʦһ˫֣
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ƹ谵̶֮ϣѾŮŸֲŵ赸
磬ư⻹㲻ǼСɧһֱۣҪҪǺϼٺ٣
ظһˣһ󣬿óǸҹӣȻŲҪλӱȣ̫ࡣ
ûŮôЩɫҲǿȾƣ
һ˷Ե
ǽưɣǴˣǽյĴ㼸ÿưһˣԿ˵ǼƷ
Ƕ£ǵʦôô죿
ٿŲ̋ǰ㣬Щ֣ϸһ룺һﲻԻѣô
ʱڶֳٿ׶νԻѣưɣȻΪԻļƷŮٿҲǲġ
ǾǿУ磬ҪҪǰŪ

ٿҡҡͷҪǿԻݵ֣壬ҪԻ뿪㣬һ𣡡
ۣ磬ؿѧŵˣ
˵
ܿ죬ǵߵпһλ毺õŮӾư߽Ů˵Ľ룬ʹò˵Ŀ뿴ٿ۾һˣԻ㻹һ𣬷ĻҲưˣ
磬ҪҪھȥס
ʲôأΪåʣٿ椴Ҫ䣬ЩŮ˻Զҵ㶮𣡡
ٿ˵ȿ
˶Իֱӳźİȥû˵仰
磬ȥ˰ǻҪһֱ𣿡
ȸƨ׼ȥ
ٿ˵
Իƽһڰ棬˻ֻ֪æҲûиҴ㵹һŵ㣬ǲʲôʱ㶼ʮ֮ͱ֭ԻЩж
ΪԼܹ˯£û뵽ʧˣĵλıеĻҪ߳١
ڴʱһ
ԻΪ㣬ﻹЩΣ֪㣬ϻ̳ϿֵĽŴ򿪣ˣ
ȻٿôҲ£Լʲô飿
յĴ㣿Ի
ٿ˵
ô
Ŷûʲô飬ֻǸոưɿ㣬кյĴ㣬ҲҵС˰
ٿ۾
Сӣǲ˼ֻǺն˻ѣĽ黹һʱɣ
Ի˼Զٿаϵ
¿ٿ粻˵Ҫ椸ǿôôƺһ㶼
ȿȣԻҪ֪żҶүԺϳǵżҼҲΪУȻ뵱ҵСӣôԵҵˣô
ٿŵ˵
ڹ椣˵ԼĳĳĶӣҲᣬЩ޲Ե
Ի˵ٿЦҲļ̫ã㸸ڻûйΪѧʦǿԸ˵ֻҪңΪҵˣһж⣬һ̸㸸һ˼һӸǣ
Ǯ椣ٿ򵥲İ취Բˬ
ô㻹ڿʲôأ
ٿȷ
ȻԻҶĵģ˵һֻҪһʮԺûģ
ҹ
ԻͻȻɫһ䣺Ҹ㣬Իռ޸ģ
˵ʲô
ٿŭҲŮԾܾԻҪǰһ
ڶ࿴һۣöģ治Ӧϣ
磬Ǹ㣬ûʲôأｫǿ˶ûϵٺ٣
ºȻһЦ


2088 ͷ
ǵЦݿԻȴ쳣㡣
Ի׼⼸ˣ뿪ᡣ
٣Ů߰Ϊ첻ǿһ¾뿪𣿡
ٿɳϵһ̣ŭԻǵһٿñõŮˣߺߣ
룡
ԻȥȴǱµסȻǼЦȻû뵽ǣͻȻйһ˲ǽײֱײɳȥ
ԻӦ죬һԣĻҪײɡ
Ӵʲô磡
˱ײǽϣɢ˼һڵϣ벽ƶ
㣡
ٿȻǰˣȴǲһۣĹ֭ݸԻȺȵ
Իͷոһ㼰ʱ֣Իоֶصİȫܡ
㣬ǵҪͱүô
ٿŭҪ֪ڹԢһµ飬һûأ
ô
㵭˵
ٿŵŵ£ƤƶӶڲ֣үһˣӵҵƾ㣬Ϊһ⣿
Ի֭Ц鷳¸ʲôո治ҲҶֶôѵֻǸ¶Ķ
Ի۾СҳϣҴܲԺֻҪңҾԱ֤ҸҪ֪ڷôߣһССĵʦҪⷿӹӰɣѵԸƶһӣ
ٿ˵
ٿǱǸʧˣ˵ҲԸ⣡
Ի˵ٸһ飬ѣ鷳ԺҪɧңĻһþȥȲ裡
ߣǽ鶼ģԻ첻ӦûϵŵȹЩʱˣ֪ҵĺôģ
ٿ˵
ô°㣬ǲ⼸ﵷң
˹ڵ޲ˣ㵹ǿȥûа飬ҲǷ
ưɵľ
ǺҪӡûĻӦһֱԻµģǼôˣ
һ飬͵ҶԻ˱֭
ٿ˦һƱӳ
˵ΪҴСûпǮôҪ֪ǰʱ⵽ֲӵɧţ֮ǻû뿪ưɵĻŲı鷳ľ춼Źǵģ
ʲô
ٿɴ۾㿴ˣһֻǺһ֭㻹Ҫߣ
ӣ
ٿЩܻǰǮʹĥ֪һ¾ҪǮġ
ߵϵ£ߣߣ
˼Ѵӵһȳһյĸٿ棬ԻҲ뿪ᣬ㿴ٿʱӰｫֻ˳ɫЩ
о񣬵֮еķ׭֮ȫڶУЩڵķ׭֮ѾָȻӦǧ֮ⷢ飬Ҫ˵Լ۾Ͷ䶼鶯Ǻܼ򵥵顣
ھҪԶٿȻĿǰķ׭ҪҲ̫Զ
ٿûгưţѾںֻͷķȫ绰ˡ
壬ôˣ˵賿֮нô
ǰкͷǱ߻Ҫȥͨ죬ЩѾˣףһʧ
ã壬Ҵͻȥͷ

賿һ㡣
ͷ
ϳٺǡڡкĽ׶Ҫͷ
żҺͽ̣ΣҲһͷȻϽΥĹ
ԭÿ»ʱɳ侯ȥҵҵչҵȷڰؼ⣬֮ϳͺԼȥͷˡ
ɫѺڣͷȴŲ·Ƶҹһֱܻ𱬡
ǽͷȴûһҴֻ
磬Ѿ´ָֻвȴûһҴҼͣ⸽ģ
ǰûиоȨôˣڲŶͷĹϽȨѾ֡¡ĸˣ
ٿ˵
磬ҲҪʲô⣬ΪҪֻأ
żԭһλʵ
Щ飬㶮ԽԽãĻɱ֮

Ȼٿû˵Ҳ˸š
ལ
һҴܿͷʻʻϵĽӳһ۱ǿӭӵٿϵķ£ЦһҴֻûˣûӰǵνˣ
ϰ壬أô
ڰﶫ̩£飬棬еĻٿأ
˵
棬ѵǣ
ٿʵ
ȻΪʲô
ʮӣԽϵ˾ͻջˣ
˵ˣסǹˣ߻𣡡
澹Ȼ߰ˣжһɫ95ʽǹǣ䣬ٿѹȸС
붫ͷһǧĽֵϣһɫϣʫֵͨĸɾڶͷ
ͨһֱڶŷȫʫһһѱȫ֣Ȼûи
ֻˣ˶ͷϵһС
ӳӦô绰þԮǵĲǹˣٹþҪʼˣ
ʫ˵
ɣֻ𶢽ǣǴҪףҲûκΰ취
ĿǴؽ𣿡
ʫ꼱
ʫ֪꣬Ҫץסǣֻˣǰ˶ǷȫӶĵɱ֣ûǵģ
ǰʦãӳ˵ûֻҪﶢţܽһΣܽ׵ڶΣԺһץסǵģ
㿴ĴֻѾˣϾҪˣӳѵһΣֻܷ𣿡
ʫʵ
ʻϵľ̾˿ľҲҵľ
ȫôթҪȵһνײ֪£ҪһβץסٿǣնҪǼһˣ
ʫ갵ҴֻѾͣԽѾǹеѾ˰
˺ԾҪˡ
ҪǴ˫ƴҲǻлᣡ
ӳ
ƴôԶȡӦòǰɣ
ЩƽʱϲʧˣĻȫҲôɱֱˣȿɣлƴǵĻ͵ˣ
ӳ˵
ʫҲǵͷڴ˫ܻƴٵʱпץסٿͽ˫һֱͷȴû뵽ڴų


2089 
ȻһӶͷѲԱǸоͣڲԶ⣬װֽĤڵ
³ţȻ޶
һйȥǵ粣ˣ
һ˷ʩ
ʱȴͻȻ򿪣ЩѲԱһ۱㿴žɫ˵ʫ꣬Ůǿ٣ǿʫ֮󣬱ǷǰЩŮҲֻʫЬʲôġ
һŮĸˣҹⶫͷ벻ס
˭ʾЧ֤Ļǻǲ
˵
ʫӶӳ˵ȷҪǳʾ֤
ϻ˭֪ĸʲô
ҵ֤
һ۾Ϳ˼óľ֤ɫһ䣬һֱͳǹտһǹ
ǰţȽǣ
Ӷӳ˵
ٿǱԭǹҲǽһæԵģϽǮ
ЩԽȻҲǹһƺܶԣһЦú£;飬ӥﾭɵģˣǰǽˣ
ǻɱЩ죿
ٿǾȣû뵽һ˽Ѿ֣űҪû뵽ЩԽоȻҪɱ졣
Щ͵͸ǵļԺľҪǹӦ
Խ˵
Ҳü˵ٿѾˣҪӣҲÿߣȿ˵ɣ
ãȽЩɵ˵
ٿͷ
ʫѽǼѲߵļһƷȫҲǸı뷨ͷȥ
Ҫ֪ЩѲ߶ԱİѾȥˣٿҲ֪ǵĴڣȻˣһ
ԭҪʫ꿪ȥģʫȴȻԣ˵Լž˵ѪҺηǰն
ʫ궼ܲǻʲô
˱Ϊٿ˵ĽѾߵӦߵһû뵽ǣȻͣڰߣȻǶû뿪
ȵѾӦٿѾһ֣ҡͷЦЦԭֻˣҲŵҪܣԽ˽⻹öȫ簡
ô
Ӧֻ̽ģֻѾǵѲ߳Աˣ
˵ǽĽѾǿΨнɱδмĿܣ
ߺߣӥ֮ԽϵһɣΪǳŽףҪǣǻӦ̽һЩҪ鷳
Խһ
ǰˣ
ĵͷ
ʫ꣬ߣ̫ȫ
ҲǿһǰȻ裬ЩԽﶼ95ʽǹԣҲǵĶ֡
ҶԷ˶ڣ˸ûаᡣ
ʫ֪鲻ҲǹԼ̫嶯һû뿪ӦúһߵģڿɺãҪ
ʫﰵ֪жӦý㣬ôΣܱɥȪá
ߣʫ꣬˵һֱڵңĿľҪץҷ֤ݣĽͿԲ޸Ҷ԰ɣ
֪ͺãֻǿϧȻҪ㣡
ңʫ꣬˵ҲǱҲϲϹӣֻǿϧ˵ʵһûƯľأ
ٿ˵
ٿŮɲ
֪ɣ
ٿͷ
ԽֲֳǹǹѾ׼ˣϲ˷ӭ߼󺣵ʬ塣
أ
ǹӻϴǼԽ˵ʹС
ô£
һԽüʵ
ܿ죬Ǳһ뿴һӰӺϷӹһֻ͵ĺŸһ㣬ǵӰǰͣ£ɫûκȴǽȫס
ǹҵǹеը͵ȥǻǰΪֻЩǹеԼҵô
ͳ˵
㣬ӵбһƬͲ֪״ν
ٿȴǺȵСӣ鷳Ҳɱ
СӣԴϵ˶ʲô
Խɫѿ
ûʲôֻȥӦȥĵطУǼͬǻϣ
㾹Ȼҽɱԭ£СӣҪѪǣ
Խвǹֱָ㣬۶ʱʫﶼһĳ֣ϣԽ˿۶ȴϣ
뵽Ҫ㲻ֵĻͲˣ
Ȼ֪ߣǶߵĸʫ껹˽٣ԷеĿɲͨǹ95ʽ沽ǹˣ㲻סǹӵɣ
أ
ӵԹһٶȴ㣬ȷûжһȴſֱӵӵҪеؿڳ
ڸĻҲܹ֮һǽһ㣬ӵеһ˲䣬Ȼɳȥ
һԽ˵ҼñŵɳȥӵУ
ʲô
Խ˶Լ۾ϹˣѵǹӵǼٵôǵڵϼ򴦲ѪԽʲô״
ٿҲΪˣ۾ɴ˫ȶڷȻѾ֮С
ǹҲŻдĻˣ
һ㿪ڶǹĻ𣿡
㻰䣬ʧһ㣬Խеǹеȫ棬һƻɽֱӽǰԽ˻ɳȥ
ٿĿЩװԽһġ֮ͨУ֪ȴǵĽʲô
ٿͽ֪²ǹЩԽʱԼûжۣ
ȹνһʮﻨ壬ûɱһΣԼڽӡ
үʵǲĵҲǱŸ飬㲻ҪɱҰ
ЩҲȫŹˡ
ٿ֪룬Ҳ֪ǲӦøŹҪ֪ھưҪ鷳ء
ȫأΪʲô
˵
ȫ磬ҹ˵ǲκ⣡
ôϴʮﻨ壬Ҳûгأ
ϴʮﻨ壬ȫ˵Ǽλʤȯգ
˵ˣĿ̫ˣӦÿóҵܶԸүģǸǧҲүĶ֣ȫֻҵڻʧܣҲк֣
Щˣͷ׺ܶ飡
˵ЩԽ˰ռһĹĲٵ죬Ӧǣͽɣ


2090 ɡ
ʫ꣬춼عҲȻһǿߣֻ߲ſ
Խ˵ûϵǵǽ˴ߡ
ʫ˵ٿ첢ûб㣬Ҫȥˣ
Ҹ֮һȨߣǽҽ˼죬Ȼܹ
ٿۼûɱ˼Ҳǲм˵
żϵҪǶ׼Ļ¡
ȴһҡͷȻ֪ٿ̫档
ʫ꣬ȻλʶǾ뿪ɣھֽ֪ͨܲץȥ
ӳ˵
ʫͷ
ӳһۣʵֻǣλˣЩԽǸνأ
ЩӲϲô˵ΰӾҪλԽϣ
㵭˵
ͣ
ʫЦǾֳСⶼţ
ˣ֪ô˵ˣ֮ǲὫعȥģ

ͷ
ܿ죬ʫصԢһ·ϣʫ겢ûΪζ˼˵úľ˲١
ι㣬㵽ʲô˰ҪֻǸʦĻôܻô
ʫʵ
Ѿȫˡ
ҡҡͷôٸʵףֲˣ
Ǻãô֪жģ㲻ǸҰɣ
ʫ˵
˵ٿ֮ǰھưɳֹɧԻбͷȫĵ绰Ҳ֪賿ڶͷύ׵ģ
գֻǼǵģ֪;ѲԱˣǵǹֱӽǱ¶ˣ
ûа취ǲѡԸǵģ
ʫ˵Ҫ㲻ֵĻҲǾˣ
ңͷĸһˣ
һˣǲЩԽ˵ͬ
ǣӦǾǵˣ
ʵǼѲԱʫǵʱѾԽ˵Ļʱ׭ע۾Уܹһ䵱һӰעߡ
ȻһߣԽ˵ͬԼĳ֣ȻὫûгֱ֣뿪ǵӰʧԭء
²ӦǱʫǵˡ
ѵǣ
ʫǰһƺ뵽ʲô

ͷԶһԽҰϣǵһ̵˲ͨһ룬Щɳƣ׳ʫոձһȺԽΧԢ˵ֽˣ
˵Ǹߣ
ԣʵҶû׳ģʫӦûж⣡
ûжͺãʫѾͷϳǵûı˵ʵһǲģڣҺܿͿԻȥˣҲ뿴Сӣôһ

磬ոԻһЩͣΪʫӵҲ֪ӦӦ˵ķŽǣ
ԻǣҪѾʼ˯һŴˣǸô죡
ԻھưЩٿϷĳάҲԻԼе뷨
պôӷɳϷԻҲݸЦ뿪Ԣĵһˣ
ϰںҲûп
ôͳˣ
һֱ£ǴҲвɣ
ԼĽŲѾˣû뵽С椻û
ʲô£ڱκðɣ
Իҡͷ
ͻȻԼǰӱĮģرǶˣԴԢ֮ԸȴǱԽԽů͡ˣԸı仯ûúܲϲڵԼ
ӽ쿪ʼ㲻Ҫưɺȹ֭ˣ
Ϊʲô
䵭֢״Ѿ˼ĺתҪЩ֭滺ˣ
˵
𣿡
Ի֪ǲո˵ģҪȥư㣬Լ֪Щʲô
㿴Ի΢΢ЩС椸òϲԼ˰ɣԭռƻȷҪԼܽĲ֢κãڵĲѾתСϧҲѾϳǣԼһһǶǵļ֮£ҪǺСʲôĻǻСϧɣ
ͷԻҲȻһ˵ǺðɣʡľưܣѧϳˣӰ첻ã
︴ӣǻҰοû̫࣬ϾţֻҪٵӴԺ˵ܰ㳹ǡ
ٴηʱԻѾѧУϿȥˣʫոմӴɫȴѿĺܡ
㣬Ҹոսӵ绰Ǿ˱ȥץȫû뵽Ȼ˸ɽ
һŵķɹʣֱӽľ˻ȥ
ʫ˵
Ѿȫôʲôɹô
̩ŵģ
ǿȫĴҵҵʦרҵĺܣǽľ쵲ס֮󲻵һʱ͸Ŀˣ
ʫ˵Ȼ˵ȫûаϵ˵ʲô˼
˰ɣ
˵
ǾҲԱ˵İȫ
ʫ꼱

㣬̩ͷСȫѾͶǰ˵Ǹôץ
Ҳ
ҡҡͷСϧôܰȫѵûиȫʲôô˵СϧǹģҪԼ
ʫûж룬ϾҲ֪㲻ܵģ˵Ȼؾȥ˽ҾͲǸ̩Ż첻ɣɱ˷Ұӣ

̩ţϳǵķֹ˾
¥ҲϧǮֱӹãļ찴ϧƷװһ£濴ֱĸ߹
Ҳʹö̩ŵÿԱԼޱȣҲӵڷù
¥ܲð칫УϧŴ÷羰죬˾ʽϹ죬ҲæµݣҪǽϷȫͷۣʦ飬ȫҲʱסˡ
ֶңǣ
һ
ɣ
ֶȫҰڹ˾ԱԢסˣЩӦʱɧ
˵ҲǴ󵨣Ȼ˽𣬶һԽˣ
Ƕ̩ţҪǳΪϵıɡô
ϧ˵
ֶ㲻Ӧðģ˵ö֮
˵
ҲߣЩκεô
ЩǱɵ۵ߣ۽ܸߣҰļ󣬷ȫǻǱΪ飬Щȷû߷ȫ
ǵͷѵֶֻΪ˳飡
ȫ򵥣һϳǵϴ󣬾ܺԽϵϣıӦûӰɣ
ϧ˵
ƻǵļƻ
ȫѾƻˣЩɵ۵߲򵥰
ǽ˵㡯֣˵ʲôϧġ


2091 Խ
ǾƾܶԸĻҾͲضһˣ
ϧ˵
ֶ⻰ʲô˼Ҫ£ȫһ
ǲ⡣
ϧҡҡͷûʲôǵ֮Ҫù˾죬Ȼϳز죬ô̩죬ϳǵ쵼Ѿȷʾߵķչ
ǣϳǵصĵزҲ٣żҾӪزӦûֹǵģ
˵
żңżҵȨѫڹƻ취̳ɣ
ϧЦز˾ͽȫɣ
ֶҲסǶ̩Ű
ҲЦЦϧһЩ⣬Ҫ֪ڶ̩꣬ϧһֱŮˣǶǻᰵϧԭ

ٿͽץ֣ҲǺ䶯ϳǵĴ¼
żҵȨѫ߱ϵĿľҪٿٸټ¥ĴۣǽеȫƵϣٿҲǳɹͳ
ڽ˽ع󸻺¶ĳһЩĻ¼ҲǱýع⣬ϳǺɫĴˡ
ĪڽҵĽˣõģΪع⣬Ҳýյĸ׽γٿҪͷϽȨ壬ȻҪżҵϸһǽȴǲϣԼŮ޸һ
ҵĻҲʽȡңϳǵϲﶼΪٿԼԭŻûȡġ
żҵĵزҵ˾ɷҲǱ˵Ϊع⣬żѾϳһҵ˾Ӷߣպܷն˵
ȻЩûʲôϵȻھưڣֻΪ̩ŵĽ룬ĶЩᣬСϧڳΪȫĻϰ壬ҪԼŸ
תһ룬మͻȻ֮˱˴˵ĳУЩأ
㣬Իôû
꼦βƺȻڷ˵Ҫǳ˧Ů
̲ס䡣
Ժ󶼻ģϾǾưɣǴѧʦӰ̫
͵
ŶһΪΪЩҪϷԭأǸһŵĴͷٿɣ˵йϵأ
˵ͽҵСлԼҶˣû뵽ôΪǾưӣǻñץ
㿴һߣҲЦжĥˣбӦģ
ӦͲ֪˰ɣ˵ųˣѫˣˣżҺٸˣ
飬ӦüĶ಻ʤ˰ɣʲôģ
ҡͷЦΪȻ
˵ҵȻ⣬Ҫ֪һֱϰ켣ҹʲôûٿżҵĶүˣʲô˲Ĵ
ھưɹôãЩˣϰﵽ˭
ʵ
ϰصĺܣҿɲ㣬Ļҵģ
ͷСҲŶʮ꣬ȴʮٸھưȴûаӣԼûûΣưĹԱͦġ
ϰ壿
һͷߣҲûмȥϾ̨ǰֶ˼λҪβƵĿˡ
ԹĿǼۣȻЩű¶ѧôԼġʱ⡯
ӽȭģھУѧģҶʾõӽȭˣ
ʫ꿴Ƿ׵˫ۣҲЩ˵
ӽȭҪǴҶʱͱ˴ˣﺣ⣡
˵
㶮ӽȭ
ڿȭֻΪ˹ңҽ㣡
У㶼þûʲôˣûʲô飬ȥӦ̫Сˣ
ʫƲ˵ʮ㣬뵽֮ǰʫڶͷԽɱ˿¡
ˣԻ˯أ´ΰɣлĻ㣡
˵ǻص˷䡣
ʫ˶ţҲǲԸĻȥˡ
ԻķУû춯ҲǱ۾֪ʲôʱʼֻеȵصԢܰ˯ȥ
ÿı޿γ̣ڵķ׭Ҳһǿǰľͬһ̫࣬ϾֻǵҪ̫ǿķ׭ֻҪܹסߵ˲۸С
ڵķ׭ܹö˱ǿʮѾӦϷһС
ҪǣҪڻĹϧҪ֪̩ڹڵľʵ죬ۺ켵ʵҵ಻ʤƾϧȫ
ڣǵʵ㵹ǼȻһ㣬ϳҲǹˡ
СϧѾȥһˣٹ£ⲻңҲôȥģ
㰵½״̬

ϳǣ̩ز
ȫϧŵԱԢУĿΪ˶ܾɧţȻȫס޵Ҳǹ˾˲еġ
ֻȫȱЩܣڽͷö
ɵ۵ϵʿҲǳüһ˵ȫԭǼƻ˽ɹٻóһǮɵۣڿ¶Ȼû䣡
û뵽ǣ㾹ȻĻڶͷƻҵж
ȫ˵Сӣֻûȫİ֮£Ҳϣλʦðգ
¶ѾִͻѾϳǳȫǶΪǰ;ǣ
ʦ岻ؾţж̩ɽǾ춼κεңľζԸ㣬ҪѪծѪ
ȫ˵
üĿˣ
ԽǱѾ绰ǶޱȣɱЩԽȫԽ˽ӥĳԱ
ȫ˵Ѿȷʾɳɵϳǰɱ㣡
ߣ
ǻĹҲߣλʦ壬ǹȴûֱӰæֱǸ
ȫ˵ʵ˶Ը㣬ʵΪԼİȫǣĻ˶ϣ޷ɵ۽
ɱͽǱɵҲǣȫ㿼ǶԵģ֪ǺηʿҲȷ
ȻԽߴͷҸۻ𣬿
ϵʿǳµʽϾǵλͽʵףȻɱݺܿɣǶ㱳ʲôǿ֯
ߣ㣬Դӵϳ֪˶鷳ҲͬʱԸԽϺͻĹǿ֣
ȫҧҧһΣһҪۿҵǰ
ϵʿҲǵͷԢ涼͸һɭɱ


2092 Լ
ٿץ¼ڸ䣬Ҳ»صԢڼΪ飬֪˶ᣬصԢܹϴЦݡ
ԢҲ֮ǰļƲޱޱΣο˽һڻϴѧ飬ѧҵҲǷæû̫ʱ
ȻļǿĺܣһżҺͽҽԼԽ˵һĺ£Իʫ궼ĵС
һϣӾư°صԢŮڿӣڼŮˢˢĶ˯£¶ҲûвջĿת˫ȡ
㿴һ۵ӣǵ𱬵ĺ硶ǵ㡷㵹ǻûôӾ磬ΪһäˣվȻҲź
㣬һ𿴵Ӿ簡
ʫ˵
ǰ°࣬õʫʹ㶼˵ŮǺƯأ
˵
⺫ǾƯǰ˫Ⱥÿء
ȿȣھưﲻѧͺ˵ⲿܺÿû뵽ҲǺԣ
ҡҡͷҲ
Ի˵Ů˰磬˰óһⲿȷʵĵĺܺãһܵĽڣ˧ᣬûĸŮ˲ϲģ
ʫ꿴˿㣬˵㣬ȻҲòٶǺͽڱȣǲԶڵİٶġ㿴Ȼһ㶼ûϣҪǻİ꣬Ҫϵˣ
İٶꣿ
㵹ǲΪȻҪʫ֪˶꣬ӶҪ
ԵӾްо㣬˻ϴ·ǽԡϴ衣
Ի˵ʫ꣬ûһϣҷ
ûأ㣬ǸᣬҪǺ˭һôأ
ʫ˵
һЦѵԴˣҪ֪ǼңǰµأѵϷô
գʲôʱҲʼ٩ˣֻǾһﲻҪʫһĻҲȫֵ֧ģ
Ի˵
ֻȻģ⼸ȻҪ㣬Ǿͬ⺫һĸоǶڣܣҾԻڵһʱ䱣ˣûκһŮ˻Όܡ
ԻǰˣΪСʱӰԽӴԽÿ֣Ҫ֪Ļ͸֮ìܽԽԽĸ׻ڶĳж䡣
ȻأҲǸԻʫȷûʲôԻ˿
˵һˣ˯ɣ
㣬Ҹո£ҴЩʪȥ㷿˯ɣ
˵
ҪǴ㴲˯ĻҶһ˯ȥ
ʫЦ
Σ
Իҡҡͷ
ҪԻģڴϣԻʵҪң
㣬۾ȻȴиӦģЩԾ
˵
ûգջˣΪѧУ鷳գ
𣿡
ղţΪɣ
ô֪
Һʹʶôˣˣ᲻֪ʼˣ壬Ϊеͣ㼸ξ㣬ֻҪһٲˣԲܶûоģ
˵ƫƫʫ˵˻òϴȥưɺܶŮӶΧˣֱҪ̫ѵˣ
ǣݶ֪أһͻȻϳǣʫҲ˵ֶ鲻ĵ
Ի˵
ڲҲݣͲҪ
ҡҡͷ
ԻȴǾǿУϲҲҪһжŪ

ٿĳ£żҳеĵز˾ɷݴ󽵣żϳǵزĴ壬˥ϳǵĵزҲһƬ
ϧȴץסʱö̩ϳʽҵ죬쵼ιοʣһʱ֮䣬̩ϳǲ˲
ϳǵý嶼ڱ̩ҪϳǳΪĹڶ֮
ֶϳѡĵһƬƤѾʼ̸ˣŲöþܸ㶨
˵
סǶ̩Ųåţעߵ󣬾ǵҪ󣡡
ϧ˵
飬ȫ˵ȥ죬ҶܾˣһﶯúԸЩƽ񣡡
ȫȥԸز˾ͺˣ̸Ǩ飬Գɣ
ϧ˵
ǣȥ죡
뿪칫ҺϧֻˣЦݣ֣ĸأں̲ϣ
Ůи¶Ҫ㣡
ôˣ
㡮ӥң츮뿪ˣȥϳǷչ⵽ô£
ûʲôǾ츮Ѿǿˣûߣ
ôܣѵһ˽ϧΪʧˣͲһֱڹ˾ʵһֱùеһУڵ㣬һΣȥϳǣһĿģ
֣ڻأڼأӥҲǵģÿι˾ʲôܻ㣬һûеˣ
ӥҲΪã˵ԭ򣡡
Ϊˣ
ϳǣ
֣Һûм棡
ϧЩź
û棿ǸСӣȻˣΪʲôȥ㣡
֣㻹֪ôҪûԭĻܻҵģ
Ҳԣңûκ˱ںˣɵѾͷȻΪĻҾͲٶˣϵ飬Լúô

Ҷϵ绰ϧڰĦϷϳѾһˣҲһھư濴ıӰϧȷ˾Լȴ㣬оģΪʲôһֱϴѧأ
ͷϵĹѾȫɣϧȥһϴѧ
˾ϴѧԶСʱĳ̣ʱ磬ϴѧ
ϧźܵ͵Ÿɫīƾ͵Ȼ޷ڸǣһһ㣬
ϴѧڷŵİʱϧǰ·ֳʮ߰Ůʱ
ӣ˵Ժ󿼸ʲôĴѧأ
Ұأ㿼ȥҾȥ
ϲϴѧͦʷϵģֻǿϧӣĳɼϴѧвٷأ
ˣϴѧһݹҪ֮꾡չ˺㣡
ֻ֮ĲҲҽأ
ܵģСϧˣܶһһ졭
㣬ϧϸֳЦ㲢ûСʱ˵ȥϴѧһУİӣϴѧס£ҲΪ֮ǰԼ


2093 
ߵ㣬ճϰ࣬һµĹʣѾ㷢ˣһ࣬û뵽ԼĽȻô࣬Ϊƫ̻ʵ׼ȷ˵Լжôڷܡ
ǰڹڻ켣ҹҲɹʦ̬ȴǼ棬һΪ֢̬йء
㣬ҹӦ˰
Ц
ʲôУ
ҲûоܾܾԶҹˡ
üЦһҸæţ°ʱٸȥԣ
û⣡
ͷ
ưɽ⼫ãصвŮ漤ŤţŽֵġըȻ˵Уӽǿȥܿõʱʩչ͵ץһ˫Ůţ⣬Ҳû˻ᵣ鷳
ŮҲ￴ˣÿ϶𣿡
ôҸոʧ
٣ҲǣԵ֣ҪҪҴȥ
㻹ֱӣǸ˵ˣ
֮ϣĹԻˣҲܹھưɷֻǾЩЦû̫⡣
ڣЩ˷ȫ⵷֮⣬ưһֱǳ̫ƽûгֹκӣЩ⡣Ҫ֪ǰҹ켣ʱ򣬴ܶŹǺƽ飬ǸʱϾ˺ֻۣʱСϧһ仰ʰ˿ڡ
ư棬ӰһưɣŰײ۾̣ǺҹеĻꡣ
ưĲ˶װס˺ǣ٣Ƕװİɲʥڣ
%#
۾һɣ˵עĻ
ߵֵǣ˾Ȼڵϣаһ㡣
ȻֻǾưһ䣬û˻һ˵ڵϵ飬ϾưһĶࡣ
ЩˣԽϺӣö
ףǻһȥ
е˺ܴıܿˡ
˵ĿȷֱӿڵƵ㣬˽ưɵʱȻܵͷŵɱ
࣬Ͽе飬°ˣ
˵һҹ𣿡
лһɣе㼱£
㽫һβƵãֱ뿪ưɡ
ûԶΪҲԶ
ưɲԶиܴ򳡣ʱѾʮֻ࣬һȺڴ
˸һúܲ׼Ļ˵Խ½أǻĹĹط֣㣬ӥľˣɱһ֪֪㲻ŭӥİԽϹĵҪĲ㣡
ЩڴĸҲǿˣ򶼲ҼֱӳһȥǶʲôӣҪǱץס鷳ˡ
ôΪҲ֪ԽϹЩڸЩʲôֻЩƺ⣬ҵᣬǰԸҺ񣬺ߺߣǻĹǹеǵ洬飬Ҿ޷̣
㿴Щ뿪ҲǺȵ
ɫһ䣬û뵽ȻһУҪ֪ǻĹһЩĻ
ȻǸˣպǻ˽ƻɣ
һɣԹˣһһ˿ʴ֮ģЩһǺڳҵǰ
ԽɱֶߣͻĹƣâмȻԵı
Ҫġ߽ɽôǲposs
ЦЦȻԽϹߣҲǻȻ塣

û˿ԥбȥϬȻҲֻǶͨ߶ԡ
㣬⽣ʵ̫ˡ
ȻȥǱƵˣɫȴһλϵʦ˫ֶ˵ĽС
Щˣˣĺãֻʵ̫ˣпã
ڡá˵һ̣һ䣬ȭȻֱӻһߵؿڡ
ֱӱķ
ǰʵǿ󣬵ڹϣǲ˺ˣΨһսɱ㣬ӥ
׼ô
˫ٱɳȥͣη壬ܺĹǶԸ㡣
㣬㵽˭ôӵǿ
˭ûеԸôĺǵأ
ЦЦǰҲԽ׷ɱɣֻҲһĹ
㣬ѵǸ𣿡
ĴҲǽ㣬ѽ̻ʶɱ˵ߣ
嶼ڲڲ²ȻԽϵ߽УҲǼߣ٣öѹ͢һ
㲢ûлشƽȥ֮ǵİΣĹ飬Ļ⵽Ӧģ
ǣߣľŹ𣿡
ǵ˵ɱǡ
Ǻϲµôװ·ϲ֪˶ٿֻţ
ǣǣǣߣ뿪Ĺұ֤֮ԲкĹ񣡡

˿ʧıӰȫشһ֪ɱļƻѾܹѾʹˣǲ̫ࡣ
ʱһγȴǴԶʻֱϡ
һһŮӳŮòɣȴҲǳó˧Խ߲֪ƣǾոպһսҲǲСκˣһ˵˭ǵô
Խ˵ĻЩ̶ֻҪǼģ
飿ƾʲôˣ֪˭𣿡
ӥߣոձǻ˴趼ʶˣ
һЦ
㣬ǾȻô
Խŭˡ
ǵװɫҪҲˣ˵ˣϳǵľ˸ˣ
ΣҪ뿪ˣﲢûʲôΥ飬Ҳ޷κǣ
ǣǻʱ䣡
Ů˵˵ֻ֪ոǸ˺˵ʲô
˽ǶܸоǰһһŮƺҲǻĹͨ񣬶һ²һ£Ҫ뿪ط
һ˵ǲҪ˺ĹǺΪ֮
أ
Ůƺ
ûˣɱûκ壬ϾǶߣǸı⣡
һ˵
ߣʲô˼
ɱ̻֮ˣΪħˣ
еǿ˵


2094
ջصԢʫѾɳϣǵȻǺ磬ŲҹҲǽҹϡ
ۣ㰡㣬ǲըơƣ
ʫ˵
ЩԽߣҹˣ˳һЩտƿƻ
ۿըʫȴҲûкʧտҲΪҪģܾûгԹտˣһ߿ڣһ߳տ֪࿪أ
ҲЦڣ㣬㲻ʲôǰɣƽʱûôأ
ûʲôֻ˵Ͽҹ֣һ£
˵
ʫճһտһĻ˵ð㣬ҪǰһΪأ
㵹ǲͣҲ׼طʫȴǽס㣺ȵȣһ飡

ǹ°ǾڲһŮˣ
˭ʲôϵ𣿡
Щ
϶ûϵ˿ǴĶ̩ŵܲãĹָŮҵңʮأ
ʫ˵ҿϧƬûһӽʮŮˣȻܱôã
һ̾ǵȻСϧʣգҲܳƵŮƽʱͿ㵭ױйϧҲ˵صʲô
صλ̩ŵΪʲôͻȻ츮ϳǣΪʲôҪȫһʲôɸ˵ܣ
ʫһλ˽̽һ
̩ȫǰҵ츮Ѿãͻƣ뿪츮ǶԵģ
˵ûʲô׵ģ
ΪҪȫأ˵ȥ˰ɣǣ÷ȫһЩǷ飡
ʫ껳˵
̩ǻĹҵйǵĸŶ٣Ҳ츮ƽֵ֧һҵö̩ŻΥ𣿡
˵
Ǻ˽ⶫ̩һǵģҲֻǲ²ѣ˵˵ϧΪʲôҪȫ
ʫ㲻˵˵˵˰ɣһʲôܣ
иزбᣬٵزҵᵽ˵ϧҲУѾͽյĵܵˣֵݴҽȥΨһӽϧĻˣ
ʫ꿴һ㣺ҪҪһȥµʱ鵽Щʲô˾Ͳأ
ûȤȷ鲻ʲôģ
ߣ˵Լδ֪һͲ㣬ˣ
ʫߵ
㣬ͰʫɣǷȫʲôˣ㻹ôҪֶʫ꣬ǿɾ鷳أ
˵
ԻҲǵͷ乫ԢΨһˣҪǲʫ꣬˭Ҫ֪칤Σհ
ͷۣȻȥ˯
Ͻߡ
ڶ죬㲢ûʫȥбᣬȻڻǼϧʱ򣬾ϧ뺦ϧΪڵŸոʵСԶԶ޷ܿ䡣
ʫҲǺص˹ԢһģȻһ񣬼ɳϣҲ˵бᣬʵ̫ˣʲô鲻ǷȫӰӶ֪Ǽһȥʲôˣ
ոһ裬ʱƷŲˮűֽҲǲûʫ˵ȻɫȻҪ˵Щʲôˡ
ιǲ˰Ȼңûеͬİ
ôˣ
ʵ
ûôǺʧ䣬оԼûã
ôᣬǰЩ첻˴ô
УһеĸԴǷȫôɱӢţ˽ҲĻ߻ģΪʲô֪ץأ
ʫ˵֤ݣȫҪ֤ȫٵˣηĽܻǮͨж̩ŵĴеɽǸû
飬㼱Ҳûð
Ҳ֪ΰοСŮûھִãŽµﷸȫץ꣬Ȼǲʵ顣
˵ģϧʵ̫ˣоǰҾǸСһбᣬǶ̩ҲǴȫʤҪΪϳĳˣ
ʫ˵
ҪһƤ
ﲻԶɣϴѧ
ʫ˵
ͷû˵ʲô
ĳʫǾԲץȫģƫƫϧȴǷȫĺܣ²öÿܾҪǣȻϧˣʱԼҪװİˣǺأҪϵĻǸö
֮ʫһõϢ̩ͶͶõǿУм˼Ҳû̸£ǨļǮҲܵһЩľ档
Щͻˡ
ҲǷȫ¡
飬Ǿóģ㣬Ǽ˼үүֻ̣ϣ̩ܹǰһСķŮˣͻֱ̫
ʫ˵
ҳ棬ǣ
ǵŮش򹤣ϵĻǾֳҲҪ飬˵ǲڹϽΧֻˣ
ҪǾ鷳Ļ͵û˵
ҹȥһЩһ浱ûзˣ˼ҶŹ
ʫ㲢ƽʱæϸܵһǰδеУһǶκ鶼Įĵôλô
Ȼ̫飬Ϊľʵ̫࣬ܶ鶼ϰΪȫ㵱Ȼ֪ˣưɱԼأǰȫǸСѧ㲻ܺһСѧƽϣҲûйȥԸȫϴδһһƣԼࡣ
ǣͻһЩΪǿ۸У㳹ܲˣǵǰڵϵʱ򣬾ܿһЩסķӱǿ𣬶ٹ飬˼ҳ˿ҲûԸЩز̣õһЩ΢Ĳֻ֮ⷿӡ
ڵʱżʣʹڵľǿ飬Ȼŭ
ҶԷǶ̩ţȻϧ´
ʫ빫ԢԶһƬķѾϾˣҪҲȷпԭС棬мˣǽƺʱҪǿ
̣ˣ
ʫʱһˮǰ˿ʫҲοϴЦ⣺ʫ갡ѾͷãǶТ˳ˣҲܹǣҶӽ磬ѹҲ󣬺ӶҲǮҪǨҲܸ
û£̣Σһ۸ˣ
ʫ꿴һ㣬˵ǲǰ㣡
Ҳǵͷ۾ƺЩʵ̣ǲǾ۾ƣͣЩʹ


2095 Լ
ó˲۾Ͽ۾ˣ⼸쿴ԽԽˣ˵һ۾ʱ򻹺ʹСӣⲻҪԤװɣ
Ϊҽ
̣ˣ⼸һֱڷŲǨɣѧһ㰴Ħܹﵽ㣡
˵
鷳ˣ
̵ͷ
˫ְ۽ǱϣȻţʵϣ㰵н׭ע̵۾ܣΪոѾлϵףѸߣҲأҪĻ˰ϣܴ鷳ȻĿǰķ׭ûֱӽһϻߵ۾ƺã̱Ͼûϰϣʩչķ׭Ҳֹܹ۾ɢ
һĦʮ꣬Цݣ۾ôо˺ܶడȥһϻ۾أò˰
㰴ĦⱾ£
ʫһȡ
˵ʫ갡ûʣСӸòѰɣǲ˧ؼչˣһְĦܺרҵĦʦȽϿ

ʫ̽ȴû뵽ʱȴ߹ˣǴŴ綼ֱȻƲ硣
̫ţôӶϱѾϻô٣˵ϱõǲ
һ˳Բ˵
Ǽ˵ĿҲʫϣǴûпôÿĶ̷Ůˡ
㣬ȫѾˡ
ûǣЩ˶ͻĳԱҲһֱھ̣ҪӦǨ
٣˵ǲҪǰҲΪǼҺõģֻҪǴӦǨǶ̩žԲǵģһ㹻
ǵĲҲ򲻵һ׷ӣ
˵ȥ쵼ֻҪһһСķӣûûӦĻͱ˷ʱˣ
̫ţⲻǹΪڵķôߣҪǲһһСķӣûܵ飬ֻܰһƽһǧಹ㣡
һǧࣿⷿҲĸˣߵķ۶쳬һˣһǧһƽǻǴأ
ʫ˵
Ҳǵͷ̫žٺͿҲǲģ߰ɣߣ
٣̫ţ㻹Ǻôְ㣬첻ǩͬԺǻǩģϾҪɹˣ
ݣ
һʲô
ʲôߣʱϻһֱͣ磬ͣˮп˯ʱ򴰻ĲƣԸﲻߵ̫ţǵİ취ĺܣ
˵
ʫụ̆ǣҪͱ飬һܵģ
𣿾û֤ݣܶܲɣΪ̫żҵĴվԭزž𣿡
Ҫ̫ŻߵĻʱǿһǮõ
ǿǷΪ䷿ݵ
ʫ˵
˭ģǶ̩ŵĹ̶ൢһ죬֪Ҫ˷Ѷ˵Ůˣ̫żȻļˣΪҪ£
̫һ˼ҶŹҿۣôˣ
ʫȵ
Ӵ㿴ۣǶĹ㰡ôСãҷܱ֤ϳڳĺģ
һ۾пһ㣬΢΢һЦǸģô˧иƨãԼ̫磬ԼȴһԲ
ո˵𣿡
һֱڱϲڣΪͲмЩ˵û뵽Ⱥ˵ΪԼȥ۸뵱ԼϷʫ꣬ʹʫ겻ԼŮˣҲԲС
ˣҪԼվŵŮˡ
СӣǴӺô̫ҲҶ֣ǿԵģ
˻ҵôƯŮѣ˹ˣ٣С椣治۾أ۾ڴϵޱѽ
һļһ˵
˵ʫ꣬̽ȥ󡣡
ԼСģ
ʫ֪ҪʲôϽ̷˽ȥ
ǼͻĳԱŭ㣺СӣˣʲôУΪǲҶԸô
ôȷͦģ
㻰䣬˲֪ôģֱӹǿ־壬֪ʲô
ʲôǸʲôСӰʲô˼
۾˵
ͻĳԱҲǲ⡣
ħħ
оȻᣬǹڵϣȫ¶ڲĿħ
ʲôСӣһʩʲô˵Щʦʩչ˿󣡡
۾˵
϶ʩչĻԼôֱܻ飿
۾м㲻˵иǷŭˣƣȻһѣСģӦþԼһơ
ȲʤȯһƣȴƵһְһøְ嶼ݡӲȡǸְޱȣ۾̧һѾͨޱȣǷ˻տ˼һ
һд۾ﺰ˳ߵΪ۾м˹Ȼеôң۾˫ȶЩվȣ㣬㵽ʩʲôֵǣϣҽֽſ
ϣ
Ц⣬ֳǼһ۾Уߵļȫһƻɳȥˮϣ˷
ΧĲھӶЩ˵Ĳ״Ƿ׷˵Щå춼ˣҪѹեǵķӣ
֮Уڶ䲻̫ãҲûôʫ죬ǲ֪淢ʲô顣
۾ڻָ̧ͷһ㣬ǳ鴤磬ǲ֪ôû뵽˸ɣŹҰҲ˰£
˭
ϴ󣡡
ȫ
Ҳʶϴ󰡣ͻ˶̩ţϴҲֻҪǾЩǩֲǨԻö̩ŽԼһʵʱͽǮ
۾˵
Ȼ֪϶ϧûϵһǾ٣˵㺦ʲôˣ֪Ǳ˼𣿡
ҡ
۾жҪ޳ˣ˭֪ǰ˻᲻ɱԼ
£ֻѣ
㵭˵Լ̩ŵĶ˵ưɵһλȻҪκˣסκˣ
֪֪ˣ磬ֻҪ㲻ɱң˵Ǵ仰ΪУ
۾й˵
ѵذҲɾߣУո飬Ҫ˵©һ֣ұ֤ڶԴ϶Ĳϣ
ɭ˵
۾еͷһԼոսĻɫҺ壬ȻģǽֱӽЩҺȫɾ


2096
̩زš
¥ܲð칫ңǸոһԥҪϧ
ʲô飬ӣӦó˴£
ϧüеĹ
ȫعأ
˵ΪԺЩǨ̸УҪǿ𡭡
ˣ
ϧһŭ˭Ȩģ
ҡͷֶԼڼеĶλ˰ɣ֮ܶǶ̩ز˺ܴĸϢ¡ӰϳԱе󣡡
ȫΪǶ̩ԸôǣѸȥЩɧŹĲǨֻҪǵҪ̫֣ǣ
ϧ˵
ǵͷֶ·ȫ飡
Ѿ㴦ˣʱҪʣ
ֶҪȫڼţ
ɻ

ʱֻϴһţһۣһλưɵĹ㣬ת㣬˵鲻Ҫκˣ
ʲô飿
ϧǷҲʵ
ûһϵѺҺȾأֶûʲôĻ뿪ˣ
˵

ϧͷ˽һǲȥʵġ
ưɡ
ڵƣһźɫ˳ǰķѾãһЦôôûеô
û㣬ã
˵㣬㣡

ǵͷ
ȫҪǿ֪𣿡
ո֪
˵ôҲ¶ҼǵסĹԢڲǨķΧ
쾭Щ·ƽ˼
ѹһյһĪĶţѾѵˣ
Цɶˣ׼Ҵ飡
һ֪ϧȻûаϵ˵׼ô
Ҳ÷ȫ飬Һúú̸УֻҪ֣Ƕǵģ
˵ز츮Ҳ漰ˣҲδǶ̩ǿţһΣȫǰǿӲˣ
ǻҪ
ܵ˼
ҡҡͷˣҲһԭ򣡡
ʲô˼
һֱڻĹˣȻû˵Ҷ˽⣬ϳǵһԭ򣬶Ϊ㣡
һֱע㣬˵ʵҲҪıܹʲôǺźǣƽĺܣûа
Ĵ棿
ЦЦ𣿡
һʦ񹦣Щ˷˼˰ɣ
ͬЦ
棬Ӧòһص˰ɣ
ҵӡ̫ˣʱЩܵĻˣ
˵㣬Ҫ֪һֱڵǸˣ
ƣȴǳĬԡ
ˣ֪ǣҲϵģǰңֻΪ˷ȫ飬Ѿ㽻ˣ

ͷ
㣬ôˣôоոյЩԾ
뿪Ҳ˵
ûʲôܼβƵˣЩƣɣ
ҡҡͷ

ȫǸ֪ҪǨ飬ջȻϧԼԼѶ̩ŵ
ǣͻﲻǸЩдڸеѵҪǺЩеĵ̸УȻһ䷿һ䷿ķ
޿ܣ
٣ȫⱾ
뿪󣬷ȫʵȫ磬ǵ˲űѵζֹǣ֮ǰǺĹϵͺܲˣǲѾԸ˰
ǰҪĻ̩ŵܿ϶ƫǵģöǾǣȻѾǴ乬˰
ϧЩֶΣĻҲ̩ܽŴĵز
ȫ˵ΪѾɹȡΣڿûнΪԼˣңҲֻҪԺһ£
ȫ磬ⲻò
ԽѾˣɵ۵ĵҪҵİȫ£ѾڲȥԸˣϧҪҸܵУ浱ҷȫܹ𣿡
ȫ˵
ȫ磬ǵ˽ⱻˣûǮ̫ʵζ̩ŽǴ乬ϳǣǺٻȥ
ǣһ취ܹҽɵ۶ɽ𣡡
ȫǰһ
ȫ磬ʲô취
˭ǹҷȫҶһƣֻҪܻôǮֱӿƱɵۣǸϻ֯
ȫ˵
ѵȫҪ˶̩ŵܣ
Ŷ̩Żð˾Ĺɷȥģ
ȫɭ

죬̫ƽĸоʫû߶̼Ǩ飬ԻÿλܿģƺڿкܴС
ǵĲ֣Ǳð㳢Ҫκýյ۾ǸհĦ֮Լķ׭ûдﵽܹｭջָ۾ĵزˣѾýոо۾ܺȻ֪ʩչʲôħ
磬ٿȴÿ˹Ԣţ㿪ĴţٿûаøУҪ̸϶Էߣ뵽ԼߣٿҲ绰ɧŽյģҲա
ٿˣҲǷŭֱ˵˵Һ֮Ѿûκκ˵İɣ㻹ʲô
գ֪ǰ˵һЩĻʱһܲ죬ұϾǶˣܲܿҵĹϵϣĸٴӦǵĻ£
ٿ˵ĺҪ㣬ģ
ҪңҪǽҵİɣ
˵ͽᣬ˽ûηѾǲеˣżΪ˥ܣѾ֮еˣ㻹ǽҰǸ𣿡
գ֪ˣʵҲӦ֪żϳǵĵ̻ǺģֻҪϣưϣ⣡
ٿ˵ȻֻҪҽ˻飬ҾԲа˼ҷģﲻ۾Բᣡ
ȥҲӦģ
Ҳû롣
ٿȴȻվԭأգʲô˼ҶίȫæˣѵϲΪ˫Ŀʧܼ޸һҸ𣿳ңԲ˻һĽ㣬ˣ޷ӱܵˣ

㷢ģ絶һ㶢ٿһ˦ڶԷϣҸ㣬յ۾öþͻָģַֱ˵ٳҸĻ˭ס㣡
һƺأֱȳһʺİӡٿǶѪ˿ûǵԼոյĻѾŭ㣬֪ǰĻոջѡһָת˵Ƿġ


2097 
ٿҽգΪҪϽң񽭼ңΪʣû뵽ԼǴ̼˽գ㶼̲סֽѵ㣬ٿûֵͷһ㣬뿪˹Ԣ
ˡ
˵
ɫѿǰǵСʱٿεģû뵽ԭ˻ĺ۾ϹˣĻҪ޸ˣҪһ֮У
ûˣҪϺ˻ǱȽ϶ģͱң
Ц
㵱ȻǺˣ˵ģе㳤ʲôˣʫʹ㶼˵㳤Ĳ֪еĲ٣
˵
ǺĶڣǾͿܻʧˣ
˶٣ٴҿܱû˧
ۣ
ЦЦðɣĺܸлٿңҪ㣬ոĲ֪ôźã
ҪȻôӢ۾˵
Ц
̾ϧҿɲŮʫʹǣ
Ҫ۾Լһ
˵
ռƤ𪣬һ˫۾ţȥ֮⣬յһ㶼ʫԻ
ֻǿϧСʱʧȥû֪Լڵģ
΢΢һ˿ڴϴҰĦ۲ĸоҵ۾оأֻǲ֪ǲҵĻþ
Ȼǣѧҽƣ۾ǻ㣬ϣ
˵
ղ֪ǲڰοǰοҲھĻˡ
ͽճԹ֮صưɹԼϳǣûжٱ仯
Ԣ;ưɣһߣ󲿷ĵط
ǰԼڵʱ򣬼ٴڼСϧĬĬĵԼһϣԼȴǲܺϣƵˡ
ôˣ겻ģƽʱ㰡
˵
ƽʱң
ЦЦ
ǰƽʱȻ࣬ǲۿ˵ʲô㶼ӦǣʹǷܣȥҲûвոտƺĲɵӣ
ˣ
˵
֪أԶԶ
ʵ
ЦһԼ֪ļǣ̫࣬һʱЩ񣬲һβƸˡ
ĬҲûмȥȻϲ㣬ȴҲǲֵ̫ԡ
Ž춯ưַǷʱһӰȴǴӲԶ
ܿ죬ȴǲȣʱпˤһ㣬㿴ŷ£ǻѪ˿ˣüͷһ壺ô£
ܱˣ
ʹࡣ
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ȵǷȫɵã
ߵλҴˣֱӽܰˣҺ͹˾ʮ飬Ļܱ
˵츮Уһϵϻǿߣϣʱ
˵˽׵ص𣿡
ʵ
ûȫ˵֪ͨң
ȻһΣǶ̩Ǽһˣ֪˵ʲôҶǣһȺǣ
ʱ䣿
ʮһ֮ǰ
˵
аСʱ
㿴һʱ䣬Ǻ˸٣ǺͶ뿪ưɡ
ϧץ󣬶ңϧץһԭΪ㣬㲻ϳǣ츮ϻᱣϧ˵Ƿȫ۵ûϧ
ڣηȫҪƣϧİȫʱܵõġ
ǵֻˣһ㣺ȫĵ绰
ӣ
ǵͷ绰֮üͷʮһǮ٣Ѿ֪ˣ
صأ
ûеص㣡
˵ֻһ˻ңСʱҪҴһǮȥĻͻܱƬҿ
ʽ棬𣿡
ûУ
˵СʱܳﵽǮ
ã·ȥǮסǣ취ҵǵĵص㣡
˵
УϳǣҲҲõİˣ㣬һҪҾȳ
˵
ͷ
˷ֿ֮㽫׭ȫע˫ۣҰø⿪׭ޣҰҲûҵϧȫôɺϾͽϧԼڵĲԶ
УΪĿǰķ׭ϳѰϧڴ룡
㰵Ҫ
ۣ裬˷ˣɰ
һСӰͻȻ˵
ɵӣƻƬ˰ɣô˷أ

ϥһ¥õ㣬ϳɫâЩǷ׭ǳУϳǵһжܸӦ
Ϸһ²ֿ֮С
ȫϵɳ֮ϣΪΪȫĵطһްźţǶþ̽룬Ҳû鵽Σ˽ϳǷ׳죬Ļҵǡ
ǶæҲܡ
ǶϧȽϿģûж廨ϧʱȻܰȫıڿУȻϧ̬ǳϳɡ
ܣһ㶼ǻЩʲô治ǻĹһŮҵң̬̫ˣ
ȫ˵
ǲưˣĻĺǣӥҲǱ𣡡
ϧ˵
һֱ׷㸸׵ġӥǰȷǸݽɫֻ˵ĶԣֻΪƣֻҪǰǮＯ̾ͻ㣬˵ģǸʱըһԼը
ȫЦ
ʮ𣬲СĿǲôʱＯģң˾ұˣһʱ䣬뵽ľԲǽ𣡡
ϧ˵ҲҵĹأҲù˾Ǯȥң
ֻöȴһǮҪȷһǮе֮УŻѡʱŹ㣡
ȫ˵
ʱŹңʲô˼
ϧû
Ϊ°²ֻҪûаɹĻһȽѵһΣƬԣĻΪҷȫ˵ĻǶ߷磡
ߣôѵң
ôѵȻЩŮˣȴıŮҪ㣬˵ĺǶҪ׷ɱҵģԣҲǶİ²Ӧνѵأ
ȫ˵һɳŵλӦΣ
һλɫһ䣺СĸǣǸǺã
ô
ȫһЦҵĻҿ԰Դˣɣ
㣿
ϧѿı飬ٿȫεģͻȻ뵽ӣ֪𣿻


2098 
˿ʱ䣬ȫüͷһ壬ֻһ룺ǣӣߵ˻ûյκϢİǿԵģ
ǮѾＯˣת˾Ҫʱ䣬ôǶ̩ŸҪļô
ãҾٵȵȣ֮ܶˣеĻߺߣǵŮܲþ׼ĥɣ
ȫ˰ͷҲ֪ĺģ
ֻҶϣȫЩˣȷϳǣвģҲֻ㣬Ǳˣ̩ŵĴӪ츮УϵԽã츮еϻ֧ԮľͻԽʱʱ򣬷ȫ޷Ӧ
ĿƣǵǽϧɱҲԻԼһⲢ㡣
ԣҲǺżϧ飬Ƿռ΢Ūñ֮أ
Уϧɳ̫࣬ټ֮ǰ㾭վαܣľ˲٣ȫֻҪĻǲҶԼЩʲôģҲǺܷɡ
ϵȴЩסˣУȫǲܼȥˣҸоΣս
λʦ壬ǵ˼Ҫô
ȫ˵
ϧǵĲƸԴǽرɵۣȫİܹƾ棡
һλ˵
صۣ
ȫһϧҲǵͷ˵ܣӦûûȥɵ۰ɣ
ǸոջôԸҵôھҪתô
ϧûк£Щ˼ȻѾ뵽ҪתأȻǲҶԼ֡
ȫˣϸɵֻۣǲȫ
ãߣ
ȫͷ½ӿλϵҲǴϧֱ
ȫ粻֪Ҫ椶ȥˣˬܸôƯŮˣ
һĽ˵
ʱһӹ·𿴵һӰǰһʲôǼ˰ɣ
ǵȷǵӰֻͨ˵ȻԲ׽
Ӱ㣬ʵѸӦϧڵλãոռϧϳȻǰȫģҲ֤˷ȫ׶ϧʵ
ǰķҲȷϳǱ棬Ƿȫǵĸݵأɵۡ
ǸϳǼȥҹζ࣬ɵ۲ǰȫ
һֱ㶼ϳɱˣΪȫСˣ˵ʵڵĶ˵Сѧһ㣬ɱǣֱ衮˹ġ
£ȫȻҰϧ̵ĵߣһΣҪȫк̨ȫ
Ļְ¼ϳǻᷢ
ɵۣȻǷȫĺ̨
һ·׷٣ʩչ׭һӰڽֵϷɳۣͨ˼޷
ǰѾȫͣȫλǰ棬ϧվ󣬴Ұпȥϧƺ񲻴ûܵĥ
ǰһȥǳӵĴ¥㲢ûмŸȥϾ
ϥĲݵ֮ϣ׭ȫ˫֮У۾ܹȫ͸һ㣬ֱӴ͸¥Ҳ쳣ֱ¥춯
ܣǱɵۣȥɣ
ȫ˵
ǿϧЩªţû
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۵ÿһΣ֮ǰϻеһλճֱӽ̻նɱ꣬ҲǱɵۿһεʱˣ
λš
Ҫµˣ㲢ϻеˣңɱ̻ʣΪ۵Ϊ
ϧûм˵ȥƺЩ֮ǰΪԼŻնɱ̻ʵģʱΣʩչ󷨲ŽԼȻҲˣȥһλ档
Ӵˣʧꡣ
һĻĻĸ֣ϧҲЩ
Ϊʲôƺܶ໪ĹĻ飡
ûʲôֻǣĹУ緢չѸ٣ȡϻᣬǲʵ飡
ϧ˵õʮҲûãЩǮܽģ
ߣЩɨˣȷŷ츲صı仯ǲҪǣаҲѾǽĿģ۵֮Уǳ׻ܣ
üͷһ壺Ѿ˥䣬ľ᳤ûλ֧֣춫ԿǱɵۣǵʲã
ʱɵ۵УһЩϵҲǳ֣ǸոѾȫ˵ôһ£ϧҲ˵ܲãʵҪҲǰ㣬ԵǱɵ۵ķչڻĹһõİ֣ܷܶģ
ôȫҵôЩʲôأֱӾͰңصıǵܸ𣿡
ϧЦ
ܣ㲻ҹʲǨˣѾұ乬һҲǸ׳нΪԱѣ㲻֪ϳѾȺĹҵˣеļƻƻˣ
ȫ˵ʦ˵ĺãԽεΪɵۣǿԳΪ飡
Ǹϧʧȥչκκ
ϧ˵
㡭ϧ㻹ǳӲǹ˼ݣ˵ѸԼɱ֮ˣ
ôɱң㲻ʮڵò±ɵ۶Ҫ̤Ϊƽأ
ϧ˵
ˣȫô˵ҲǻĹĵһŮҵңȻǺҲӦǱɵۣҪܵչܵţʯΪܻͨģ
һλ˵
ְܷʽǱһ񣡡
ϧȵ³ʵҪȫûа㵣ġ
ʦиİˣ
İˣ
ǽ⣬һ˵ģ
ڲݵϣһ

ߣȥ̨
Ǽ˶̨
ȫҲ˵ܣɲҲȥմ֣
ϧûȤ
ڲݵϣҲǴһ˿Цݣ¥һȻҲԼٱ˷֡
ʦǼһ˭Ȼܵˣ
ǣǲ𣿡
ȫһ䣬￴ȥϥڲݵϣ۾һֱԼߡ
㣿Сô
찡ô֪ģ
λϵЩ
ϧҲȻǵ죬Ҳǲ̨ȲĿݵأһλɫӸպôӲݵĿ⣬˫֣һЦô㿪ô


2099 Ľ
¥һֱΪشƫƧ˱ɵ۵ĵʿ֪
̨ϵļλϵɫЩÿҲ˵ģ˽ɵ۵ļʿնɱΣǱɵ۵ͷŵˡ
ȫЩ鴤û뵽ҵǵõһ⣬ʵӡ̡
ɱʦ壬ȻСǸɴг𱨳Ǳɵ۵ɱǱʻûأ
⼸ϵǱɵ۳ϼǾűɵ۵δ
˵ֵ֧ȫСӣϳǣȫĺܶƻʵʩСԪףɣ
ǣǲҲ˵СʱıʲôĻǲȵְˣ
Ҳ顣
ϧа֪ıڶҪİɡ
һԲʦ֣Ǳɵ۵ĴϣΣ
ɱҵӣƻұɵ۵ļƻȫԣӦϣ˭ǱɵҲӦη壡
һԲоɱ
֮ǰҪɱ㣬ϧԻǣǴʱȴģɱĻֻԼˡ
ɵ۵Ĵű򿪣ϧ̨Ͽǰд˽ģûб䣬Ȼûб䣡
ϲң㶼һֱȺķӣ
ֱ̨Уʹǰվŵľ˼ĺŮˣȻ¶֣һֱڰʾԼ¶Ϊϧȫ
Сӣ㾿ôҵģ
ȫ˶࣬Ҳǳ˵
ⲻҪ
㵭˵Ҫ콫޷߳ˣ
˵ЦǱɵۣǵĵ̣ǵĵϣҲҪ߳Ҳ֪˭ţ
ȫЦ
һԲҲ˵ˣϳɱ¾ұɵ۵ĵӣѪծҲʱѪˣ
˵ҽҪɱˣҪһˣ
ʦ㶼ɱǲ
һŭ
죡
ƻһϹ֮бŷո˵˾Ȼֱ̨ˤ˳ȥ۵ĵʿһ㾹ȻȷˣĲ֪Ǳɵ
һԲŭˣǰ㻹˲񣬾
ƾ㣿ϵɱ̫أضĹˣҽһˣ
˵
ɱôصˣǲ֪Ժʲôӡ
󣡡
һԲȵ
߼ȫǰжһҫͻȻ֮䣬һԲȵ󷨣С֪Ǳɵ۵
һԲڣȻΪǷɢ߸λ󷨿иɻ
ȴһЦ󷨻ֻϧǵ©̫ƽ⣬Ϸ
Сб¾󣡡
һԲΪֻǰӲδ⡣
ϧϧû뵽ôСӾȻҪΪֻǿϧһ˿޻ؿ
ô㵱Ϊܣ
Ҫ֪ԵǱɵ۵һԲɲϻеЩƥܹȵġ
ȫš
ϧȴǸţҸҴģո˵Ļȫ飬ȼ֮ĻھͿ԰źúˣ
񾭣
ȫϧո˵Ĺ
һӹЩǻ㣬ûлУ֮ܶȻ󷨵λá
ֻѾάּˣȻޱ仯
һԲЩĪˣôᣬСӣôûܵˣ
ʦ֣Сϳɻܹϻкףɲߣ
ӣƺҲûкõİ취ǾţɢȻҪУ
Ψˣ
һԲͷ
Ҫľҵǿϧ˵̫󣡡
˫һâϻɫâܱߵȫⵯ̨ϱһǿը
ϧڵķ׭ֻȴܲ½磬ҵȽϧתƳȥ
Ӱǵը֮ʱǳϧԣһΪըԵЩĵϧһ§ֱӽĲݵ֮ϡ
䣡
¥ױ׳ɵеĵȫЩܵĸͱǹ׻ɱ
ȫ֮һûнϧĻϣܹɱ
û뵽һ̵ըֱӽ飬ˡ
ϼȫشһԲϵĵ۶ըãǱ³һѪˮ㣬㽫ҵıɵ۳׻ˣˣ
һԲζñɵ۳ΪϻĴڣҰģҲ˱ɵۡ
ɵǼ쵼ȥΪĳ裬һԲͰȫȥɣ
һƻֱӺһԲǣߵ
ϧվڲݵ֮ϣʱѹ賿¹֮£϶ŮĶˡ
һƬ߳żӢš
ĿһֱӣûаΣǱ˴ʶһѣղ
ֱӽɵ۸һµϿ˳ԼһˣҪ㶫߲ŲŲ̫ǷȫѾˣµҲûˣԼϧ
ϧڸʻϣһЦܾûп𣿸о谡
е㣬Ұ⣬ٲᷢͨ⣡
˵ƽ
ϧɻʵɵҵ𣿡
ҺͷȫжԹպöҲҰæҲ˳飡
ЩţСϧѾܲλõĥˣױԼƭ
Ŷô˵ɱȫĿģңֻԤ֮ѣ
ϧ˵
㵱ȻΪ
ˣûʲô֣
ϧʵ
ЩЦСϧʲô֪ʲô˼
㣡
֣ǰһֻǿϧ
ϧҡҡͷϧѾʧ꣬ûиҴһ绰һţǰһ˼
ͷڷ飬ﲻϧ˼ǹ˵ġ
ôˣոպ˻ƴҲôŰ϶ðˣѣ𣿡
ϧЦ
ȴ˵ʵոҲ˵ˣðΪˣ
Ľͣ
ϧЦϳǴ˶ˣǱ𣿡
ι̩ŵܶôϲԵѾܳʱûпˣǲҰκνͨ¹ʵĻʱǲҪôˣ
һҲǰȥԼҪ̲ססСϧһҿ˰ɣ


2100 ǵ
ɵȻϳǵĽ⣬ǿҲһСʱĳ̣һСʱ˵Ҳ
Ե˶˼ĺģΪǰµ䣬ܺϧϣϧЩţΪ̫Ρ
֮һСʱһֱھԼֺϧľ룬ϧƺҲ뷨ڳϣʲôˡ
ԹԵŰֻ³ʱһš
Ц续ǾưɵĵʦãҶԼβƺܸȤ첻ǷҶҶҪм㣬ƬȨǼˣϣԺлῴ㣡
ϧڳϣϿݵĺܣһѧ˵
ι
ϧոתЩŭ⣺㵱ټҲϺ˵𣿡
ö̩ŵܣѵںҵһټ𣿡
һЦɣʵȴ־ᡣ
ϧ˵ʲôֻȴˣӹ绰ǶǵֶֻǴͨˣոѾȫһǮˣ绰Ѿͨˣô£ֻȻûػ
ѾûˣҲǸոտģ
ûˣȫˣ
ȵңһСʱ֮ǰ
㣿Ȼô죬ֶȥ㣡
ˣѾԢˣУȫӦѾˣȥǮ͵ǸڵظֽǮɣǮҳ
ֶ˼ףǵľ飬Ƕ̩Ż鷳
ϢˣʵЩˣ
ϧ˵绰µϳȴѾԶʻȥЩ㱣һ̣ѾƽΣӶܵһʱ䱣أ
ڶ磬ӷгԻպϢҲʵȥ˰ôû
˭˵ģֻǻеѣ
㵹˱ˮȡ
еưɻҪӰô
Իҡҡͷ
ЦЦŮ˻ϲʳʶ̵ģˣ°֮ԼʲôĲǺ𣿡
𣿡
Իʵ
ʲôϵµģ
ǿЦѣû뵽Իˣ뵽ԼǲһֱסڹԢĻԻҪԼˡ
ûʲôǾ˱ȽϺãǾưɵľҪһĻӦûģ
Ի˵
ô˵ĺ˽һ
Ц
ĺ˵ҿӾˣϢһ죡
ԻϢҲڹԢ洩˯£˯µɳڷǳܳгģƺʲôʵȥһҰ֣»Ҹо˶ҪĲ٣˵ķʪʹҲʹ࣡
֮ԿģΪ˻Ϊ㣬ϵļѡĹԢȽ׿Ʋ飬Ȼ㻹пվͶ࿴ɣ
˵
Ҳ׼ȥ￴ģ
Իͷ˶٣ʵ˵Щûˣ磬ǳԷ
ԻЩ⣬֪϶ôˣ֮ԻֳܾԵΰɡ
ȴǵͷҲãȥ壬Ħ泩㣡
Ȼ֪ԻϲԼҲܿȥرԻĻ֮ĹϵǳΣ£ȻҪסڹԢģȵʱһ뿪
㣬˵ʲôأ
մӷг
Щǲæ׼Զٺõģ
㣬㻹ƫģд;Ȼң
չ
գԷˣΪ㲻˽𣿡
Ի˵һڼ÷ˣȻٳȥģİɣʫҲ°Ӧã
ŮһĿź磬ҲǱĿ񣬵ȻɳϣҲڤ׭ʵÿյ۾޷ʱԼҪŬ׭ҪԭֵŮ¿
һʱܿȥԻҲѪԱɣȥǼƵᡣ
ЦҰ㲻æҳôõһ٣Щ˼أ
ֹ㣬Ұ֣ԶٺõľΪ
Ի˵
ԱҲǵͷǰһծʮ㣬˵ʵڵģ㣬һ治֪ôм
壬ҺŮѣҲӦõģҲǱ¶ĳ˿ӺģҰ㣬Ӧ
˵
ԱЦЦˣлĻ˵̫ˣ㣬һֱû㽫Ĵأ׼һֱھưɵʦ𣿡
壬¶ҿɻûãδԼһƬãȻ
˵
ɱҵ˼ھưɵʦҲǲְҵֻԺﶨӣ
Ա˵
ҡҡͷ˵׼
ľ̫ãһǰλս뵽ЩƽҪ˵ԺᶨȥĻ磬ȻǴСϧһȥ
ϧҶ˼һ𣬲мҵĸо
ԱɿһԻʵ⣬ԺϳǷչôԻһ֮󣬾ͲԵˡ
ԱһֱŮԻģиɻģӵκ˶޷ܵиƷԺãʸߣаȫУܹϣֱһԡ
Աɶһżġ
Ի᲻׸׵˼ҡҡͷ˶ˣ԰ɣ֣ߵ㻹Ҫϻؾưϰأ
ŶϰҪϰҪȳ԰ɣ
ԱҲǵͷ
ϣԻԵЩΣԱȫǽ㵱ŮԴԼϲ㣬ҲӦô
㵹ν飬֪ٴˣƽĶԴŲԵ̫Ρ
˳극Ҳֱȥ˾ưɣոսưţǵ
㻹׼ʱպߵ㣬粻
ôҲлҵģ
һЦţҲǽװ˹㻻װǻһһ㣬ưĲŮ˶۾
ǵͷлһҪģһ죬֪˷ҶǮ𣿡
˷ѣ
ЦѾڤҰɣǮòҪûȫ
˵ǮȻҪˣ˵뷨һ͵ոȫֽǮ
˵ô֪ôԸɵ۵ģҽ쿪ȥ￴£ϳɷ˰ʲô
ɵҰĲСĸն֯ǼڻĹȥ񣡡
˵Ƿȫ͸˵ˣһԸǣ˺ݣ벻İ취
Ĵָǣһ˾ͽɵΪƽأ磬ȷûд𣿡
һۣһķƣûʲôµĻʲôɱ˵ҪҰˣ
ԽԽǻĹǰĴˣҪȻһôû˵Ϊ˾ֱƽ˱ɵۣ
ɻ˵


2101 ݷ
ǼĬΪԼ˵ˣ˵ʲôʱȴǿڵϧҼŮ֮ʣζģܾŮҪʲôأ
㲻˵İɣҲܣ
Ǿȡ
Ҳ
˵ѹһﳤҲֻҲһ㣬ûʲôŮưɣԭһֱܣûڵϿܵķ̸ͷԼˣһΣϧҺϵһĿʼ
Щû뵽Ȼ˵Ŀ˵㣬ҲûȫţܵòʶǾѵģҵϰϲܵĺȥˡ
ܿǺ׷ģ㣬Ҵ׷
ô
ΪܵĽһֱⲻֻǸһˣڸϣԲһµģ
ҲЩ˵Ʊһϧ꣬ȷʸ˵仰
ע꣡
ЦЦ
ֽ˵˧磬ΪмǣöģҪҪҸܽܣ
ЩΣҲǲΧȻڵżβơ
ǲԼֽͦŸظ˵ʲô˻עҲŮ˵ģǵģ
ֽһҡһڵ뿪̨ǲظѹ㰵ܶôưŮˣͲȱ
ǵʦǵʦھưһǱȽϲƣ
˵
ʵƣֻĥʱ䣬Ļһ֮гʵ̫ˡ
СӣԢסŮΪҲ֪ǵɫȷǲҪھưմǲݵģ
Ц
һƣҪˡ

°صԢֱӱʫס۾УһĪӣ˵Ϊʲôô
ҵɣ˵
ڣԾԱģ㲻ò˵ʫ˵
˵˻
٣㣬û˼ðɣڽıɵ۷һըɵĲٵʿˣһһû뵽ҲУ
˭
֪
ȫǲ鵽ͱɵһֱź׽ϵҲ֪ôģɵ۱Ƿ˱ưҲۣһ๼
ʫƺܽ
ѹһңΪҺй𣿡
ȻЩ㣬˭ôأֻɵЩʿ񶼲׶ԸҲûʲô
ʫ˵ܵŲ飬ֶ̩ŵϧɣ

㱾ƲȤʱȴʵô֪أ
Ϊȫϧ֮һֱìܣ
ìܣ
ΪȫֲǨ¼ö̩źܴķ飬ϧΪ̩ŵȨߣȻԷȫŭ
ңǲ鵽ȫ֮ǰ˻ƺһʲƵĽǮʽǮֵڣϳǣ׸ڼ˲࣡
ʫ
ȴҡͷ˵ϧȻҪɱ˷ȫΪҪ˻ڻأ
ԣܸӣҾϧͷȫ֮仹ʲôɿ˵ܣϧҪͨڳ׺ͷȫƲϵǷȫ;ڣϧɱȫĶˣ
ʫ˵
û뵽Щ쾹ȻİעȫϧˣЩ²ȻǴģ˵֤أ˺ôǶ̩ŵܣûʵԵ֤ݣܶɣ
֤ҳģǷȫȻ๼ҲܷŹκһйصˣǾӦ飡
ðɣֱɣʲô
˵
Ѽ֤ݰ㲻֪̩иɹţ̫Ѳˣ϶׼ϧģ
ʫ˵㲻ѧʶԨʶ𣬸պܰǽЩɹʣ
ҰԸЩרҵķɹʣǲ̫ˣ
ҡҡͷ
ȼҲ벻ˣܲܿﷸңɣ
ʫ˵
㣬Ͱʫɣһˣ
ɳϿӾԻҲ˵
㱾ڼ£ŮĥӲ֮°ͷҿ԰㣬Ҫ㣬Ҿúϧûаϵ
ûйϵֻв˲֪һ֤ݶ鲻ĻҾݺˣ
ʫ˵
ʫرҪưľ죬𰸼ϵ̩ŵȨߣǸ۲۵Ĵӡ
ʫһķţ㻹ڷҲƵĳ˯Ժ״ô磬㵽
鰸Ӱ˵˵ô
Ҳô簡
ҡҡͷ
УϻҪϰأʱ䶼ҵģ
ʫ˵
ҷˣ
㻻·Ҳʵȥ
̩زţ
ھȥ
ǰϧǴΪַַӾܼļһ𣿡
ʫһۡ
˺ܿϵ̩زţ˵ʵ㻹ǵһ¥ãװ޷ȷܷϧҪ
ǸλûԤԼĻǲǵģ
һزŵС˵
ʫȴ˵н֣鷳ȥ칫˵һ
ǸĹؾˣûԤԼ޷ܣ
㣡
ʫĲС
ôˣ
һ˴ӲԶ
С˵ܣܣûԤԼ
ˣҶ֪ˣȥæԼİɣ
ǣ
ǶǣһھưĲУû뵽쵹ǾĺܣҲЩ⣺СӣҪ˰ɣŮҵûʲô˼

˵ܣ
ʫû׶˵ʲô֪ǺȻ죬Ҳ˵ˣ˵Ǿ죬ܵģҪҷȥǶԲסܣ
ǽ㹫ԢļŮ˵ĵϸʫǾ֮ǰʫ껹һֱȫϧһ¡
ôˣͲ̸̸ܺʲô𣿡
ʫ˵
Ц̸ٶģһ죬ҪôǮĻڿѱˣ
ȥɣ
㿪ڵ
Ҫȥ

Ҳǵͷ¥Լȥɣܻڰ칫
˽ʫ˵㣬ʲôϵǶ̩ŵĸ߹ܣְλܸߣϧĸҶ÷ȫɱ¼ϧָʹɵģ
꣡
۾֪ʲôط𣿡
ݰôˣ
㿴Ķ𣿡
ָָݶ
ʫȻͷһôҰҸո˵ģϧһ


2102 Ŷ
¥ܲð칫ҡ
ϧʵѾӵ˶ǵĵ绰֪Ҫݷõĵ˭
һֵͨľ죬ǸŮǡͬӡϵ
һˣȻʮڴ
ϧ˵ɣ
ʫȻԼϴЩЦݣеļҲǷλǶ̩űȽе飡
ܣֵͨʫ꣬ҵ㣬㣬ֻΪһɱ
ʫ꿪˵
֪ûҪϧǺҲôܻ鲻ǵݡ
ϧһ㣬Щ˴еĿģҪ֪ʫ˵ɱȻǱɵ۱ըȫУֵͨԼͷȫ͹ϵǻΪԼзɡ
ǣȴ֪ɵ۱ưôһ£˵ⰸϾģôʫһʦˡ
ڰ칫ң̸ֻ⣬̸㻹ǻؾְɣ
ϧ˵
ʫҡҡͷҪˣԺܺĻɾ̫ˣϾܵĶ̩ſһʦŶӣǿɲ׼ģ
ԣҽĿģǻܣҪ˽һЩԷưϣܲҪ⣡
ɵĻͲˣðɣ˽ʲô
ϧ˵
ǲ鵽ȫһֱסڶ̩زŵĹԢ˽ܺͷȫʲôϵ
ϵȫϳǵǶ̩ſصģ
ϢͨӦ֪ǰڱɵ۵ıưɣȫպþУ
ʫ˵֪ܶڷȫʲô
Ѿ˵ԭǾΪģ
ϧ˵ҶڷȫʾźȻ֮⣬Ҳ֪ӦøЩʲôˣ
ôֻźôѵܲʲôΣ
ΣΪʲôҪһûĻأǣҶģ
ϧҡҡͷȻҪ˵εĻҲӦöĸ࣬𣿡
㣿ô
˲ǾһЩյȵŮôȻֻǾٸ˵˵ѣҪҴŶ
ϧЦ
ŵһ亹ʫϧֱҪϧɳӰ
㿴ȥ򶨵ĺܣû¶š
ϧҲǰ֪װʹ࣬Ķûа𣿻Ҫʲôʱ
ܣǰҹںδ
룬һڽ⿪ɣ
ϧһ㣺ӦҲŮȥⶵɣ٣黹Ҫʵĺϸ𣿡
ʫ겻ϧΪʲôҪ˵ĸ˰
Ǹڸ˽ʣȻˣ
ҾûʲôɣңֻҪ˵˭Ϳ԰Լڳ֤ṩ
ʫ˵
𣿿»ẦǸЩѡ
ϧ˵
ô᣿ұ֤˵飬͸¶֣
ʫϧĴǺһͷ˳ȥģһ֮ʲôϵȻҪֵ͵
ôҲΪӦýع𣿡
ϧʵ
ЩӲɿһܲ˵ĻҲǿԲ˵ģϾ漰ĸ˽
㣬˵ʲô
ʫһۡ
ðɣҵȷعǸˣ٣֪㻹ʲôҪʵôǶ̩زڲŸոշչ˾滹вȥʵû̫ʱкλ
ϧ˵
һ£ʫҲֻеͷ˵ǺãҲȻȥˣ
λͣ˵ģ˻Ǿ䣬ͯŮ
ϧޡ㹫ԢŮ绨ѹвԼϡ
˴¥Ÿоһ˿ɣոڰ칫ʵ̫ѹˣз׭оؿЩϢ
СϧȷһһֱŵŮˡ
ʫƺܲոյı֣һǲǿŮͶˣûʳ鱨
Ů춼ǰεһҪô

Ҳǣոôʲôʰ
ΪûҪҶӵĿӦǲϧйϵģ
ɵ۱ưһģû˱˽ʵࡣ
ʲôֱҾȻϧйأ㣬㿴Űɣһƽģ
㻹棡
ҡҡͷ
һ죬ʫ궼æԢ棬һָĦ˹참ζ
ԻͽղٿˣǸǰʫ飬ÿƣΪŮ˻һо顣
ʫûƿصκβϧ֤ݣȻ֣ʱɴĹ̸Сˣʡ£ϸ룬Ҫ˵ĻʫԼݿֻӲ²⡣
ҲҹһΣ㣬ͨһֱܣ黹˴ԱĶУڶ̩ŵȰʫ겻Ҫȥˡ
û취ɣ֤ݶٵĲˣֻƾֱʲôģ
ҡҡͷ
֪⣬һֱȥǶ̩ڹԱе󽫻ԽԽ⻹ȥͨϵ
Լˣûϵ
żβƣûᶫǡ

ϳǽѾΪıɵ۱ϡ
Ӱֳ
ǵòǵ۾ȴɫĹâҹĻУҹ棬ڱϵĻǻᱻɫâŻ
Ȼٵˣأ
ûԭΪɵۿԷչ׳ϻע⣬ǲлɳˣû뵽ٵˣ
ϳһ˸ɵģ
ˣ
Ӱڷͣš
һڻĹֹһµˣǡҹ鲻ʵЩ죡
ߣҹû鵽˵ôôҪ֪ҹǻĹһɱ鱨ֻ֯ҪڻĹڣû˿ӹҹ׷٣
ϧˣУ
ǡҹĳԱ΢΢̾ϢСӳֲãǾעˣʱϻкף֮СӸǲɱ˲Խߣݣǿ󣬸źɣ
ݣһԣ
ǡҹΣմǡǡҹУ¶һƥҰǣ
ݻٱɵۣܼλϵ֣⡮ǡе
ҲǵͷֻĿĲǶǣϧ
λɵǣⱦɵ۵Ļ𣬾ΪǼλϧˣΪ˾ϧŽɷģ
ʲôǶǣȻϧʶ
۾ĺɫâںҹ棬Եޱ


2103 ۵
鿴Щ鷳ˣĿǶԸϧϻĻͶߣû뵽ߵİбô࣡
һҡͷ˵
Ǽǵߵĵһǿߡӥ𣿡
ǵãޱȣϻĻ᳤ɹϵǳѾˣΪ⡮ӥʧֵʱȴû뵽ֳָǡ
ؼǣǶ⡮ǡ鱨֪̫ˣ
ǡ
ϧȻϳǡչȭšҲضص츮У츮ϻıֻҪ취ǡɣ
һáҹ֯˼׷鱨
Ӱʧڷ֮УǴδֹһ㡣

ԢС
ʫȻڿɳϷΪư綼û˼ˣ°Ҳǲĵι㣬ҾбҪȥһ˶̩ţԴУҲκ֤ݰ
㶼׷鼸ˣ
ʵ
ﰡھ־ôһӣҵȻҪưҪ֪ҿҪϳǵľ죡
ʱ䲻ȥԼǹʡԺ׷ӷʱǹ׼
ҡҡͷ
һ˵˵ȥҲҪϧĪ濴˲ɣ
ʫ˵
ԻͽҲǰעӺϣ˵ϧ紫ôƯ
Ͷʮˣû뵽ôƯؼǣϷ·һʣǰЩҪ֪ҿǾ죬ɷأ
ʫ˵ɶ㾹Ȼǰ˵ˣ͸һվڱϣҪ˼Ƕ̩ŵܲãһΪеʲôأ
ģ
˵ͻԼȥˡ
ԻͽȴǺܺڶ̩ŷ飬ʫҲʵҲûʲôҸոֻ̼㣬ٰңû뵽̼
Σո˵Ϊϧʶأԭֻ֮е鰡
ҡҡͷ֪ԻϲģԸողţʫһ˵ôһˡ
ԻҲ˵ҲطϢˣ컹ҪϿأ
գûзְÿط֮󣬴ҲĲɵĻȥˣǹŹ֣
ʫɻ
ҲֻǴأ㿴⺫Ҳպýˣ
ε㰡鰸ˣİɣúϢһʱ䣬Ҫ̫ˣ
ĸưһҪƵģ
ʫҡͷ
ڶϣ㻹ھưϰ࣬ϴѧŮӶΧڰ̨Сĵš
ڵżβƣǵҲ
ѧУĳ˹ѾͬѧŪˣھҽԺأУѾϢˣɻң
Ҳ˵ˣŵҼѶסˣǶѿȥˣ
ʲôﰡֻۣ񶼲֪ʲô
֪֪ͬѧѾסҽԺ֪ǻ

ǼλβƸǶ˹ȥҲﰵϴѧ滹ֹòԼ˰ɣ
ǿʦȽҰĿ־嶼ɢˣ
һŮ͵˵
ǰưɵҪԭǿʦˣоͦ˧ģ˵Ĭأ
ֻǿϧһʼ˽ͲشˣǸְֺ޵أ

ˣ
ð̨˵ôˣ
ûϵа
ô˵
һε۵ٹþҪʼˣյϢĲаѾǱ뻪ĹҪ֪֪ˣԱǰڻĹܵĳޣ
ʲôϵ𣿡
Щ
һһ㶼Ȼ˵ûֱӹϵٺߵйϵŶ
˵㹫ԢŮӣϴѧôһʦһѧ
ϸ
ϴѧͷһֲ˸Ĺ
˵
ô֪
ô˵ҲǶ̩ŵĸ߹ܣǶ̩źϻĹϵһֱֽܣȻҵ鱨ζ۵аڣеǿߣκǶߵϣ
˵
Ц㻹ǿңҰһֻȶλǽ˰ɣһҪҵİأ
㣬аѾϳ¶ͷˣҪٲһɫǻӲⱣѵͲϴѧܵ˺𣿡
ٿɣǾҪңӦò˺ƽǶ磬һֱ϶Ĺ򣡡
ǣѾΥˣŮѾҽԺܾƣ
˵ţֻˣһۣܴģƹ˾ʲôҪҰæȻȥˣ

ϧĵ绰ҲЩ
ʱУϴѧȻַ˼ֲ¼ֱмλѧʦͽҽԺơ
ؼǣЩ˼ĽǾܵشˣѾǿҵӰܶʱڷѧУ
죬ھưǻصԢ黹ǲϴѧ˹֮
ѧУȫԻҲýޱޱصԢסˣȻԻһ䣬㲻ǺӰ졣
һҪƱưʫҲǾĺܣڿ˼һص⣺ι˵Ӧüٶ̩ŵϧǽķϴѧֹ¼أоȡᰡ
ֹ¼㶼Ҫ׷ٰ
ޱޱ˵
ʲôҿɲĹ꣬ʼſѧ
ѧʫ㣬ǲ֪Ǽ˾Ժѧ˭˵Լʲô˵ǹ꣬˵ǹҪ飬һΣп۾ˣˣ⼸죬ÿ춼ֹ·˵ʲô꣬Ҷţ
ޱޱ˵
ԻҲ˵ΪʦǲӦûйһ˵ȷЩ죬ǽʦʱ򣬼ԺҲ˵ô£ֻðȫȶѧҴޱޱҲѧУֳʲôˣǾ鷳ˣ
Ǵãд˯ұϣȷʵˣ
ޱޱ˵
ǲǹ꣬ҿҲŲң֪㲻ҵһأ
Ц
ʱԡУҲë˳û뵽⼸С椾ȻۣѾ˸ˣŮ˵İ֮ĻЩ
ι˵ǼŮåܲܲҪһֱҿȻ֪ҵķǳ
˵
ޣǼ鸹ƵϺģ浱û˰ֻߣϴѧµĵǲǹ갡
ʫʵ
ҶĿôȣҪո͵ҵģ
˵


2104 ż
㣬ҪҪ˵˵ĸŮȷˣĻĸһķ䲻˯þ
ʫ˵
湻ݵģȻģ
˵
˰ɣ˾Ϳ˵
ʫ˵תһ룬ƺЩ԰㣬Ÿأĸǵ͵Ůģ
ˣˣǶԩһ㣬˵˵ɣǶ֪ͨ󻹲𣿡
ޱޱ˵
ðɣⷿҲޱޱڳģ͵ޱޱӣ֪ЩʲôҾ𣡡
˵
ЩǴѧŻѧʦģǲǹꣿ
ǣ
ҡͷӦ˵ܳΪеֹɣʵҲֻ࣬Ӧа
ʲô˼
ߣҲУǶаΪǵȫԺڰҲĵ
˶٣ʾЩڿˣʫЩ鲻Ըİ˱裬Ҷ˵ֱ˵һߣ㲻˵ȥˣѪʵڵģȻЩȥͺܿµġҲȥ˰ɣ
Ѫ
ޱޱ״
ѵ⼸췢鶼аɵģ
ʫ˵ΪʲôҪɰУн͢𣬽͢ѵܹǣ
͢
ЦЦΪ濴ȥ֯ôǰǻżѹаǶ۵ڼҪЩаﵽԼĿģ
۵֪֮ǰΣڵϦһȴǼʱ֣ɱ˽̻ʣ˶磬ĻǻĹ൱Σգ
ʫ˵ߵҲɣǽ㣡
ͽ㣿
ޱޱЦ磬ɣ
ҪҾͺˣﻹᱻǿǽأ
һЦ
Ի˵㣬˼ѧУ﷢ʵЩаǶߵһ棿
˵һ̽ɣ
˵ѡϳǣЩģ죬ϻҲѾϵˣһĴսӦúѱˣ
Ĵս
ʫڴ
ǲǱ׷ϧǵư˼Ķࣿ
˵
ʫͷϧֻϺ꣬ҸҲκ֤ݣǼȸҶܸȤҪ׷ȥ
ô׷٣
ʵ
㲻˵ǻһսҾͲǳսϢģһ¶ģ
㻹棡
˿ˣҪûʲôʵģҾȻطˣѿ̽ôõģ
Ųǻô˵Լܿص˷䣬׼չȴһ˿
ǰɣҶѾô͵ˣҪԸô
ܸоԢżλߣȻǼԼ
ȳȥô£
㷿ĴܹȥˣڹԢĲٳȵٶ˰ɣȻҵģͿ
Ӱǰжûе⣬ȥǶԸģһ˵ϻĳԱֻҪ̽ĵϸ޶⣡
̽ϸ
ҡҡͷûʲôòģ˷Լʱ䣡
аѾǰ֣ϻҪǿߵԸǣĻΣӣ
ϳһУǵ
˵
˶ͷ߲ţǻ᳤һֱ㣡
ҲҪĿޣֻǷǳ˼ңȥǵĻ᳤ҳҵȨ˼ңɧҵҲ
ȵ
һǲҼȥֱʧǰ
㷵عԢԵֱӴӴɽȥûɰֻһ»ڴ𶯵ʱ˸պÿϵĺӰŵֱ˳еΣ´λǾӴˡ
ߴߣʵϲ㲻ǣԼ̫ߵϾʶģ¶ţпܺ˺ɣңϻҪ֣λ߲̽ԼȻ̫˷ѡ
Ȼϻ˶ϵϳˣʱΣӦýˣһ׭Ļ۵Ҫǭ¿ˣ
㰵
ڵΪ½̫֮࣬ǰɱ̻ʵʱֻˣȻǿҵš
Ͼ֮ǰִľʵ̫ߣȻ˾壬ȻĻָȫʵ
ڶһ磬㱻ʫгͣЩ̫ԾΪƽŽ㣬ôԼͻǵһΣȻԼ
ޱޱҲЦ⣬ԼĲ²ˡ
˵ɣ鶼˵ɣҲʹ죡
˵
磬ʲôʵҲûʲôر飬ǿ㶼ߵ㹤𣬰ϢʱôڼҲƵûţѧУι۲ιʲôģƣ
ޱޱ˵
ʫҲǵͷҲţȥޱޱѧУ￴Ů㰡
˭˰ڹԢ찡
˵
ҡҡͷ㣬ҽҪؼסˣеˡ
ô˵ûκξܾˣ
֪ⶼѾͨ˵飬ĸԼȥѧУȻǵڵģЩԼһӶͱֲַˣһʼʱҲֱӸСϧڵģû뵽ڻǻôң
ԭôͲⶫ۵飬û뵽ᱻԻͽޱޱƵϴѧȥڵĽѧ¥̫ԶǷʲô¹ʣҲȫü
̬ǲѧУ԰УҲһļָоֻǣܶ鶼ѻزȥˣ֪ԼΪԼҲôǷϵıҵ˼ڸҹߵŮϧÿ쵣ˡ
У԰ĻЦٳϵĻӺ꣬ЩϵƬԺһķţԺֻ۳һ˵ӰȻϧڵεŮˡ
ԼƺϧħǰһŮӵĲӰȻҲϧԴСϧڹŻڹ˾칫ôϴѧأ
ι㣬ӣƺܲһ
ǰŮתǾŮһǴЦЩ⧲ﰵԼȻߣȻԼǻ
ǰ˷ϧֻװʵ̫ˣ㶼Щߵ
ô᣿ֻû뵽ˣ
㳯ϧ߹ȥżĸоܺá
Ҫ˵ϴѧģ㣡
ϧЦȻУ԰ٶһֲ̣Цݣ٣ġ


2105 Ƹ
һЦô֪ҪأĪ˶ʮСʱô
ߣҪ˼㣬ɲװɣ
ϧ˵ðɣ˵ģϴѧУϵ﷢һݽˣҽճʱ䣬ҲǸպ㣬Ҳͦģ
ݽԭˣ㻹Ϊ˼أ
Ц
һߣϧҲһ˵ǰҵϴѧ飬ֻźˣʮ֮طݽǻһֱ鰡
һۣΪӦûˣȴû뵽ȻֵأôУ԰ģ
Ľû¾ˣ͵Ƕ壡
ЦЦ
ɢܶôȤһΪϴѧҲʲôرľأ
ܲͬСʱѧϰ̫Сѧҵûˣ뻹Щϧ
ϧʲô
ϴѧһ꣡
Ц
ȷ
ȻһŮ
ϧͣ½ŲﰵҪܹһϴѧ˵ܳΪŮֻǿϧʱⲻʹٴκһϴѧ棬ȻǼܵ顣
㿴˿ǰ棬һѧ¥㵽ˣ
ݽй;÷֪ʶҪûʲôµĻ֧Ұ
ϧ˵
ҡҡͷҶЩͷʹˣ᲻ڵģ
ȥˣ
ϧ뿪Ӱ΢΢ҡͷҲɣһѧ¥ԻϿεĵطûȥ˼Ͼ˵ǵ˵ıڣʵЩаֵĸʵ̫͡
£ڲٳϹۿ֧ӵıΧ۵Ҳǲ٣ӦϴѧȽ֪֧ˡ
򣬻ѧԺԱʼֱǸǵģεھˣ
һװ˵
ȲվȺ֮УߵѧͶԳ֮⡣
ԺȻҽѧԺԺǿᰮģһΣǻѧԺӮˣ
һѧ˵
װ˺ƵЦЦĴ֮ʣȴⷢʲôһ߹ȥǵЦݸӲˣ㣬ɻǵң
ڿҲǻȻǵãԺǰЩѧУﲻ𣡡
ԲʱһͬѧñײӦס⸽
Ժ˵
۹ⲻϴξͿóһλҽʦҪƸҽѧԺѧģȴǱίܾÿϧ
ԺҲϲ򣿡
תƻ⣬֪ԷԼʵûȤڴѧﵱʦһҽѧԺġ
Ѿʮˣ廹ôΪֻҪпգͻٳϴ򣬻߿
Ժ˵ѧУ﷢Ŀֲ¼֪𣿡
Ѿ˵ˣϣϴѧܹͦεѹأ
˵
Ժͷֲֿ¼ķҸе޿κεѧǵ;⣬㣬ܿҽʱޣǲ֪ܷҽѧԺĹʣܹһĹϵ
ԺԼ۹⣬Ϊһλˡ

״ϾҪξܾԷȻһִΪ⵱ʣȻֻǹҸְ
㣬ͷѾˣҪپܾĻѶأ
Ժ˵
Ժ㻹ʣʵȻҽеĴţҪǲ¿۵ĻֻǵʵĻҵȻܾ
˵
ӦͺˣҴԼ۹⣬㣬ȻҽѧԺĹʣÿ춼ѧУһϣÿݳһʱҽѧԺʲôģ
ðɣʱĻһģ
н꣬ϴѧڸѧԺĹʱ׼һģĺˣ
Ժ˵
ͷҲǸҵǿŸͺˣ
˵ʵڵģھưнһ룬ϳҲ㹻ˣϾҪĺݳޡ
ԺѵǻѧԺҪùھˣ
һλҲЦ
Ժ˽㣺ѧԺڣҸ˵뵽ҽѧԺĹʰ㣬λѧԺڣ
ںã
Ҳǵͷ
λڽԼ۾ȡ濴һ㣬Щ˼飺֣ⲻǿЦɣôᣬҪҽѧԺʣ
ȻǿЦڣԺ֪ģھҪȥУ»Ὣύ£
ԺЦ
㿴λƺԼܻɣ۹вѿܲмԼ㵱Ȼԭھ̫ᣬʤιλãԷ̬ǱԷмĿţȻЩˬ
ؼǣȫûкк˼
ԺӦΪҽѧԺĹʣ˷ܵ뿪˲ٳûʶƺܿ㡣
ڻǶЦЦǰɣôᣬѾΪҽѧԺĹʣ˾ȣ
ЦЦû
ҲǼ˵ȹ龪ȣ˵ʵԺʲôϵߺͶ¾ֵʶ
ȻͨϵųΪʵģһġ
ôĽ
Ц
Ǿˣߣڵˣ汾µûͨϵλӣ֪㶮룬ҽѧԺʣҸô
ƺЩŭһ治һˣ
΢΢üȴǸûƺһ˿졣
ٶȼ죬Ȼֱӵڵˡ
ȻΪ˹˼ڵľ״̬ٶȻǷ˲ٵģΪƾʧˡ
ʲô۾ǲǻˣСӣȻǰʧ
ڲ˲۾ȷҲӰŵûǺոյô°ѵֲ¼ַˣЩｫ
ֲ¼ȷˣǳڲٳǽѧ¥ڡ
ϧݽĶýңҲüԭ
й֣̫ˣ
ѧ¥Уѧ汼ܣǶͷȫǺˮɫ԰ף֪ʲô
ϵѧ¥ϧڵλãٶȷɿ죬ֱ¥
Եǣϧ״̬ǺܲģһֱߵļŮѧ
ǲҪ£ոֻǶˣѵûпЩֻһڶѾʧأ
ϧ㣬˵Ķ𣿿Щĳ̫ˣѵʵڵ𣿡
ȻǣҪʵڵģΪʲôҪʧأ
ϧƭˣҪģոΪʲô㶼Щ£ҿıˣǾԲǼٵģ
ѧҴ
ȻֻǶѣֻǵϧ㵱ʱԼҲأ
һͻȻȶס˼˵һ㡣


2106 ѪӤа
ҵɧҲûΪĳֶֹͣ˵Ƕ磬ʹЩѧ΢һǶýҵǽһεѪӰˣŵƨоǸѪӰŶʿҺаħޡǰ磬һ͵ùˣԴ⵽һ࣬űǺλǿ߸䣬㲻òСġ
Ѫ󣡡
֮һɲǣҶһѪɫĺ⣬ſҲ޷ͨˡһȭüͷȻûͻ󷨣ֻܿϧԼ巢ӲԼӦӵе
ѪӰǽϰһ㣬ĿʣµϧоǶ̩ܣСˣҵΣҼŮôʵĻǵһμΪҵģһ
ϧüһصһߣһӰӣţ˵꣬ѪӰƼЧʵʻһа˧ˣɫװұѪɫ󷨽濴סʲô⡣
üˣ
ԶһΪʲôΪһˣȴаܼ򵥣һֱڻĹɵʵҰģԭǴƾ豦ɵڻǶʿˣϧڹһˣ˵ǲǶʲôйһأ
ôɱң
ôûأԶִһָžһߵϧȻеһŤֽţһеľżܿһ˵ѪͨѪܲ伡⣬ǿһЩΥ־Ķ
ɫһ䣬Ϊϧ˫ܿƵԼĲӡ
ԶǿҲϣҪ㣬ŷǻܴһУǶ˾֪ñ㣬ھ͸һᣬ㲻ӦˣҲͦϲʬġٺٺ١
Զĵ촽һҪȥϧסԼӵ֣ԶҲͬʱˣ˹ѪӰֱ̽Ӵ˹ĻȭһɨԶֱӱ飬һ̲̲ѪϢû֡һԵϧѾʹһĶȡ
󼱣ԶӲȴԼʹԼ޴ʹò㲢ԴУӡٴϧͼֹϧԼԶȻٴγ֣ɢһصѪɿۣܿͰĵס˸
Զϲ趯ѪӰ̽ʹ˹ۣ̽ļԶϲǣһԶЦˣдʣˮǬţ
ּĴԶϣʶķͻȻоûһ˿˺ȴǸоһԼ󱬷ȥԼĶϧµͨ
㣿ɽţ
ӴǣȻǵĳ˵ţҲָָͷһһ˸㴵һűͲԶѪˮҲͽͣһҪܱ졣ԶæϧȻǲԶĵϧȵˡ
㣬ôѪء
û£СˣңĵһȻˣͨöԸ
ԶһڼһɫСӤִһƣȻһѪ֣Ҷһɫû뵽ԷȻӵз
ҲǱɵ۸޵ģɱٻĹ֡ѪӤǻĹӤɵġԶȻԺڰ磬ѪӤ湦С׼ס
ϧԣ
ұˣҸ
ѪӤһƾĴ㲻ӭӣ±һ±ȡѪԼ𻹻ѪӤһˣѪӤʹȡѪҲ󣬵ԼͲͬˣ۸ָģϱĻѪѪӤһڿǴ󲹡
ҲƮһһѪӤȴǸٶȡԼΪѪӤΣԶҲоʧ档һѪӤٴ֣ƴҲҪ˼
ڵƣȻֱѪӤһӵбӲһһأȫͬһġҪǱѪӤ䵽ϣʧȥȻֻ»Ҫ⵽Զ͵Ϯ
һδβڶԷĹ£ͬǱȻĸ֪ǿǱϾŻָãڶԷܼĹ£ġ
ʲôй㣬þӿ㣿Զŭ㣬д𽥻ָİ
㿴ԶЦ˭һҪˡʶһҵı졣˵գȻܣѪӤӭͷײȥ
Զ⣬ϲѪӤŻԶȻƵƵܿȭͷȴϾԲǱĶ֣ϾԼıѪ˺ģֻҪһǣоԵİԭ˵ɥʧս׸
ѪɫѪӤԭȥ͵һ̨࣬棬յıܿѪӤȭͷͬʱԶΪȻߵλãԤȴһȭȭͷֱ۶󱳾һ亹
ų򣡡Զŭһ׼˵ʲôȴýͻȻһڣȴϧͻȻѵƹⶼˣԭǱԶܷ󷨵Ŀռ䣬Ҳ֣ΪʲôģﶼŵƣĵϧϧʾｲξûơһжԶĹпܹصƺͺˡһ֮£Ȼˣ
źڰһԾԽѪӤָ£źڰһָһĽ⼤ԶʹҽС
㣬ҲŹģһۣձرҪŮΪҵū
һ䣬ڰȥ룬һָ㷢ѪӤԶˣŲߵڴϧҪ뿪æ㣡㻹Ҫô
ȻĬĬǸȻˣܲЩʲô֪ѧɣȶһ㡣
ڽѧ¥µһЩ֮УһΪյģڳһԼвˡϧԼһй㣬ôͷ
Ҳ㣬ôŦҵ˶ûõģһ㣬θģҧҧס˿ǵĽŲȥ
ȻоһϢӦ͸оһأһɷϢ˱ǶֻѹԼ󱳣ͷһȻϧҲ˳ֵҲʲôҿһ¥Ҫǡ
ϧ˵ף㴽һӶסֱͣ˿͡


2107 רβ
ӣӣҵС죬һ˲䣬ϧѾεϡе㾪ţܿͱоˡϧͷС¹Ͱ಻ס㣬ΪʲôһֱԼ
о촽ϧ׾С౻һϧ˾ĻСɳɳڲݴһ󷭹㱧סϧСŷŮ޹ǣظϵɽѹֻһһġ
ã֣˺е㼱٣ϧ񣬵ͷȥС΢æԼŹֵһЦŮһܲ˼ġ
ϧߺȻһֱǿһŮǿˣǵıˣʮˣæңһҪȥϿΣˣߡЦϧŵȥεΪĳֶƽϢ㵹Щˣ˫ֺʮʼͣӡĴԼϡ

ϣϵ˿ϡУ԰߶ȴÿ˿εԻһµİɫѩĳ߳䣬ǰɫ˿ȹ¶һ˫۰׵ĳȣ߸Ь졣
Իһ۾Ϳݴ㣬Ϊᴩݵأ֫·㲻ߣףôˣҴȥУҽҰһ¡ԻĵУҽȥȻѾûʲôˣֻЩģԶʲôͷӵôǿĴڡ
ҶԷôֱԼܿΪɱ۸𣬿һԼĵϸӦ֪㡯쵱ģӲͬˣҲôߵ°Ӧò²̽²Ŷԡ
ԽԶԼϧֱΪԼʤȻһϧϮˣǶأ㲻öﱻˡԶҲбİԼɺƻĺ¡
ҵŮˣ治֪ߵغ񡣡ŭˣҪԶγҲȥԶ£ŸУᣬԻţ;ѧע⡣Ļ˽ݡ
ʦУƯŮʦҵ죬ôǸ˵֣һʻţϡ
ԻʦûѵǸܵܣǡ
ʦ֪ˣҪˣ˵Ϊ׷ԻʦӦԻʦȥʯ֪֪ȥˡ
У㶮ʲôʦеǮʲô첻˵أ϶ٳȥˣȻʯװǱڵġһӼ׷Իʦ
һߣߵûͣԻѧУΪ̫ڶ˶ʼɡȻ˲ӹţŮӲǳŮЦĻͷͦߵҵĻͷҲˡ
ʲôʲôʱҲôˣ
УҽңϴѧҽѧԺʶУҽҾҽѧԺߣǳɣ￴ղйһ֮ԵڡƺԴײˣֱҲˤˣһ㣬
㣬㣬㣬㣡Ҫ㣬𣿡ڱͶгɼָҪͻȻˣҲᱻɹУԴײֱۡʦôҲڣ
˵һͨŷѧУĴŮԻҲˣһŭҲЦݡԻֻòĵͷ㵽һԣҽ㿴˺ܶѪȾˡ
ڸоˣŮζͺһѾ׼ŮһһǷŮǸۣԻĸ첲һ˫ɽ嶼Ҫֱأ֪СǲǺʦظļѹУƫƫԻһеӣ˿Լռ˱ˡ
ʼɣڳ׵Ķʼˣ˵ǲӦƸΪҽѧԺĹô˵ƤҪУҽңһǰѧİ
Իüͷһ壬óڻд̣֣ʾҪԻʱߺ죬ߺߣû˼ˣתǺǣڣУҽѧУʵģܲǰǮɻɣ
ߣƱ硣
ҿڻǲҿҲһЩСë˵һգ۵ĹҾκ㡣˰רθֲ֪ûеұһأ
ڵǺãҾʹӦһΣҺҾͷˡתͷȳȥҵƷЩر𣬲˿
һᣬУҽҾʣڣùѪҩͣͿ˫֣һҪڰĦӣʵڲע⣬нӡɵĴڵУһᣬھ͸оһ㶼ˡΪ档
ھȵôܣãȻЩ£ҷˡ
ת뿪ûˣαأֻߺЦʱעһһСӵıǿʲôʱ˵Ҷ֪ԶܸûеġˣҲδ̫һЩҪҵǸɣ
뻳óһŰƴƤ׭ָдʣſһҡ׭ڰȼգڵϣһȦ̹ʹ
Ȧһȴû¶ʲôֻһ˫ڸԶԡһ˵ĿӴˡû¶˵ɣ
ڻֵ̿Ļش𣺡ʹģҰһһЩСɫȥ̽Լ̽ݼһ
ţǾͺãšĽ
ϣڰһҩƿӱ˳ϲĽӹҩƿӡڰɢȥǷ׭ҲʧˡУҽʱָֻˡԭֵУеС£ʲô
УҽЦЦôĹʣһǵһμء
Ҳ뿪Уҽңص̹ԢʱȴǷֵһ̲Ѫñţ֪ߺˡڵɣȻˣҸ
һӰһֻ۵Զ˳䲻ˬĽȫ죬㺦ңǸϧˣǸҲ򵥣ս鼫ḻֶҲü׼㻹ȥԸ
ߣҴҲᱧԹ̫˿Զӣ˼˵Զ̫ԶŭֳƳȫ켤ȥǱȫ֮ɵȥȫҲǳصģݣԶı󣬸һָо˲ƶ
ȫָ˸Ÿɫ⣬ֱԪһӿסԶĲӣɫһ䣬СͱסˡȫҪ㻹Щôһзӡɱ㡣
Զֵ̿ҪôѾ㱳˺ڹˣһ¶ôЩѧУĿֲԣἯϵġʰǸ̩¡ŵŮܣˡ
ҲסϧıڶԭҲѧУģصȥɽС˿ںԼΪʿ鱩¶һֱ֪ǰʹõͨˡʲô취
ڷſԶĲӣһֻôȥҽԺץӤƾѪӤаָҲǺ׵ġԶһߣ´ҲᵥԸġ
һƬЩ˰æڵϾͷۣ԰ɣߵĺ֪Ҳ٣Ǹˣ˵˭ǹҵŮӻǱȽں٣Щ֪вȻŻʰҲæ
ԶӹƬдšɷɱ֯ԶͷʿͬΪʿ˻УǶһЩȾ˵ɱ֣ȴܻ⣡Զ֮ڵһò衣
ʯǳ棬ܵüһ¡ϣ㲻Ҫʧ㣬㣬ҾˡȻǱٴϢٺ١


2108 Σֲ
ճưϰ࣬ڵЩĲɣԽϾɲʰֻǲ֪ĹʿܷΣԼΪͣڵˮƽľڻܳһ´ͷЩСлľ鷳ˡ
£Ȼͷһۣ˵һ£̧ͷһȻϧһίСϱģһЦѾͷڴѧｲ˿ξһֱھưճԼϧҶ㼸ˣ㶼ûзӦĸŮô񣿡
ǰһŮôﻹҪأ
ƶ죬ҪںңͲ᲻ҽˣΨһһڡϧ˵ţЩȻʹ¾Լ䰮Լǰȴװɵ㶡ϧˬĺһڼβơ
ʵǻû𣿲Ǳ˰ɣ
ˣҽԺˡԣܲһȥϮҿɾ鷳ˡϧЩɬľԼͷϧѾˣȻ㲻Լͺˣ㵹ûνҪӦһŵĺֹǿɲУҪǻȥ
ȴٻޱޱŮһԽûŮ֪ôͬؾϧҪǰ߾бŮΧת۶һ£ЩŮ˸Լ֮𣬼֮Ի㲻⡣
ӴԻر㣬ƫƫʱһ򵥣ݲԼԼ֮ϵϧϧԻܲأʫ˵ϧİѱأҲ֪ʲôѱ֮ΪѣôҪ
ϧû뵽ûܾбŮؾԼһû취ʼ硣ϧһȻݺݵĵһۣСŮ̬¶Ϥ˿϶۾̩¡ŵһ֣ҵ۷Ů񣬾Ȼˮһ档
ϧ˿ʱ䣬˺ܾˣ˾жҪֻҰݣԻ񣬻ӶԷж˽䱸ϧҲǼ˵ģܶˣ߻ڲҶԻȥ
˾ưɣ߾͸װŮӣγưܿ˳һòˣɿĲͨһ绰Ŀ뿪ưɣֻС椱в󣬿֣𣿡
绰ͷԶЦžͶ֣ˣҪ˺ҵġ
Ȼû⣬㹻ǮС
Զ˵绰֮յһ绰
ĿѾץ񣬲˾⣬ϾǸСҲǾ졣ʱѾȫˡ
Զܺã֯⣬ǮĻѾһ֣ʣµϣҲ˳
ģרҵġ
㲢֪ԶΪ˱֮Ѿǲ˱ɱ֣֮Զڱݵɳ֮ϣ˿ڽܹˣȻһ欵Ůˣĸǰ͹̣ӸǿΣԺں㷢ӣǰͨɫѩ廨Լļ˷Ļˮ
ԶɲΪѾԹˣûֵô֮࣬˰Զ۾Ǵ̵õ塣ƵľԼ֣Ȼקö˵Լ֪֡
ιжԸ㣬ǣסŻ͵ϮһС֪𣿡
Ů΢΢ͷѵַʱңһ׼ʱ
ϣˡԶµַʱ䣬ͳȥˣ㣬ԶΪԼһԼȥˣôȻʵķԾԶǱĹ꣬ȴûǰĲʵƵʣ
ҹɫ£ȴ֪ԼѾ˶ˣΪԶΪԶµıʵڳɹԶΪɵ۱鷳ɹתעΪµľԶһ˶ѡ
Ҳ϶Զ֮󣬻ΪԶͣϾ򲻹һֻۣ˭ʱͣ
ڲĻ£Զ̲ȡжƲиʱһ㣬ͷ
㱣ԻޱޱصԢеԻȻָ̨ţʫһô·һЩһЩ̧ͷ̨ϹȻֻʣһ·Ůӵ¶ˡ
ǵ˽ţȴǷһ˶ûУʱˣȻʲôû仯ԽĲʲôԣȻԻһ۾ȴĬĬĲֻСһ£ûѣҲţߺߵ˵ָʲôãռ˼ұˣ
ޱޱ㶵㣬ʲôôܵҵ棬ռԻıأ
ⲻռˣ𣿡
Ůĵͷˣ
ۣԼסôãһëûôأˣ
ʲôôߣǾʫץź򣡡ޱޱո˵꣬ڵǽھ߳һˣԶһȻйŹ֡
ԶüôҵģѪ֮費ǳôôױ㷢أ
̬͵˱˵»Ϊ֪ԶʱΣû뵽ԼһСʹԼ͵ϮʧˡԶŭΣӲģ
治ף˭ͬһ鷳ģ
ԶҰзֵıɵۣһߣΪλôֱ鷳ȿ¼񡣡
Զ׹һֻ¼ϧʫꡢŮܵƵ㱩ŭ˫ĿɴͭǮ㡣Զʮָ˿ģִЦãããҲʱ򣬺ٺ٣
أ
٣ǣһڶǵľ¥¥ֻҪһ绰ܶȥһŮںͷֻҪһ绰ܶºι㡣һŮϹӣҲˣСԶҡڵֵ㰡֪֪Ϊ˳ǣһеĻ
ŭֺܿƽʱҪ侲ԼйŮӶץˣֱڲͬطԼֻἤŭԷ
ȻˣôʲôĿģ
Զû뵽һ˲֮䣬ܰصڲˣŮ˶˵޹ؽҪǲ԰Լе֮㣬ȷʮҪõģȻôͬأ˵׼Ůء
㣬ҶûȤŮ˸ӲȤٺ٣ֻ㱾˸ȤɣԷΪҲұɱ۵Ĵ֮¾㳶ƽˡҲ
ĵԷΪǲ𣿽ֻ㣬ԲԡҪԶɾСǷˣҸһˡҪǣ޹صˡ
ԶѰ˼ȫץסҲǷҪֻǲзŭԷйԶûʸ̸ھͰǸŮϹӸɱˡ˵գԶͿʼ绰
Զ˿棬Ҫɱգ޿̣ಡһ˳ȥԶзѪӤֳƷ˹ƿƴͷϣŵԻס۾ֱӡ
һ˲䣬ɢˡ㡱ȴԭһӰԶһһѪɫıУǳնȥ޿֣һʵıѪдСԶϲɫӲӣҵѪ֮ڣ
һ̣Ϳ̽뻳һŷ׭Զϲݶʱסˡ


2109 
Զû뵽Ȼóʮϡķ׭мۿһһŰһЦ׭ǽϾʱʱƵģҲΪԶĳʹ˸ߵĽ䱸˼ֻʵ㣬׭ҲЩǿϾûϺŵԭϡ
㹻Զˣ
ž׭ɳԶæܣȻԶϣԤгɹ̣һ𻨱ӷ׭šԶ˶ｹۣｹۡԶûʲôµӣǲһ̵ϥ£ºѪ
ʧȥ˱ԴѪӤҲЩҡҡ׹Զ㻹ʲôһѵˣΪֹˣһ嵽ԶǰƷͬʱҲһĵŮӺȻԻһƴԻޱޱ
ǸŮǲ̲˵һоͰˣô㣿Ҳ̫˰ɣ
֪Сз׭
ԶҪ˵ֱӱһУסĲӣ°ܽû˵ķݣ㿴ŮӣʵŮһʿΣˣҽ㣬γƺ
ҽľľ䵭˵˺޼ֵһҲ㡣죬Ů˲ϻǿô죿Զֻͨż¼֮ҵ룬
㳢ԵĲȥǱ̴Ҫ𣿡
ϲɤӣˣ͵֣ҵ˻ţ˶¾С
֪ǵðβҲ
һ绰һסԶѣҵĴУ㣬ĹңҴˣĹңͬʱһͬѪӤҲҵĽкáȻ¥סһƬҪôŲͶ㣡
ĥԶ˫ţһԡľʵŮ㿴ӲǸһģϮʱ㶼ûء
ľΪ˲ڸ¶ˣ˵ҶԸϧߵĸˡ
ǸղΪʲôֹҴ绰Ҫ绰һ˵һ߲ͨ˵ڶ绰ͷ̴ͷϹôɱ˻ǷˣǿûʱϹġ
˷ˣǮ̴ȥ
һַһˡԶҵǵˣҲûôԼ仯ᣬ㶵ֻˣһϧϧƽˡҲҪߣôʣʫˡ
㾯Ŀľʼ磬ָŽűεԻޱޱʾ㹻ԸˡɫһǷɿĲͨ룬ҪЩ߰˸ˡֻ֮飬һɫãˣľŮ㵽Ҫ
Ҫ㡣
üëһæסؿڣҿɲˣȻ㳤Ưû뵽ôľݱ䣬ɽˣһ򵭶һ۸СŮ˵ģ˵ԼҪǿƵģľҲ糺
Ҫ
ֺǺǵ˵ͷҪҵ˿ɶءľӣҺŵһμɣѲǱɵҲзݣ𲻳ɣ
Ҹûϵľߵ죬椲ô˵ױԼ׳ԭûϵһҪԸأ˵˵㱳ϴ˭ҿûʲôɣ
ľһţôչֻԼ˵ȥڵݾҪعˡ˵ľץԻĲӣߵʱ俼ǣҪôҪô
ιľŮлú˵㲻øʲôء
塱
ľӣʵܺ˵ģŮġ
ġ
ҿ˵˻вУ˺Էһֻ˰ɣȰַſ

ľӣҪʲô㶼㣡ģҰ°ɣ
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֮ʣľͻȻ˾ץһݣǱŵһ亹Ըʲô
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ͻȻľȥͬʱǹǽǶʮֵ꣬ƵľԻˡľĳǶԵģڶ˰ʱͽŶˣľǣô˳͵Ϯľ
仯㼱æץᣬǿнӡһӡȭŽͬʱӡϣ㱬һܽף
ľƷףףٵģľϸ֣ϵȦԽԽ죬ͼͨжķӰֲĹ׸ߣǶǹӵȻӵľǰĵ䣬ǻǸľɲٸš
һܽױľжߣɳ̨֮⣬ľһҾ˵㱾£ôʹóľܽףԭͽҲûƾһ׷ܴľľԱԶҪˣһŽҲܣһεвվǶ
óȻȥҪɱģȥأʱɵֻȫעĿţʱ̾š
ľߵԶԣһ˿ϢԶңҰľĻſָһصӲѪӤ˳ȻѪӤƣԶһѪȥ
ǺİΪأҽϢġ
ûκջȥᰤġļ̌һƾߵļʸɹһģأһһɻǵߵķݣ˻ȥľһָƷ򶫳ǣУǿ
ҲǸ֣һ㣬һ߿ǹǼӵ֮һôûСǱһ£һ˿ûˡ
ɫߵǣʲô
Ƚӻ󡣡
Цã治֪ôӦԡȻľվסһλúܾˣôƶ㿴ľĽ£ȴѾ˱˪Ѿһ֮࣡ľ㷢ˡǾͲ͵͵ˡ
ľ˵գµı˪ۿɼٶȱ֮ȫΪѩٶȻ죬Ҫѹȵʮѵģο㲻ܲ˼˵İΣҪһסǾˡ
һ˫̯þȫе֮⣬¶׭ž¶Ҳľıγˣһһײһһʱ侹Ȼסˡ
ľܣҵʵӦ֮ϣ
ҵıߣ⣬ƾ׭֮Ϊˣһӵӹı˪ľһȴǾȥƷǵû㣬˻ľףƿϵķ׭˲ģֻǲֶ֪ܼã
Ӧ֪Լֲ˶ãһʱڱǿңɾˡ
ľҿʿ
ĹԢͻȻֻ˪֣һһҵĹ㣬Իץȥ
ɿĽɵӡĴϣֱܻһĽҲľǿľ״ǺãҸˣҿܺĻܺģ
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2110 ͻ
ȷļһȻһλؾ˻ʿˣôһΪ׵ʿ˵ִǸ߶ӣҪ־ͽ㣡᲻һδͬһأܶ˶ͷⲻϧͰ͵ˣпܾǱ㲻Ǹ˻ҲûϵҲֵ£ΪͬӪ
ԣʿ˵˼Ȳ봥ŭ㣬񾭳עһһӶƽ˼ӾõģʿУܲԸھӣ¥´аɣ
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㱬УͻȻ屬һϢ֮ƹضһϣӲҪˣľɫһоǹǿޱȵϢ૵Ϲ壡Ȼģ㣡
ȿȣԣѵַס˫ϥղŵȷǸ߱ͬĶ˺Ҳߣʱս֮ľҲǿó˪¶һ˿̵Ц⣬зһѶ̽ĳȥ
ȻԱ߼һѪۣľæܣȴԶ͵ϮҲˣԶôˣԶ˱㻹ҪأԶûָ£ԼѪ
Ǳң㣬Ļڣ
ۣԶ˵꣬žͱľһ̹ᴩͬʱ˪ԶȫѪ£Զǻˡ
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ЩЦĿһʵʲôǰǰĽУŤ
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ţľӵбԼһܽܣɵģ
ǰҪţ͵ĳʿ˵İ˸˶ΪˣһͣĿɿڴ֮ƨƨߵܹǰǡ
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죿̫ãߵԣ˫ֺʮһģʽӡŶǱ˵ġ˪˵ġԴģһһӦ˻֮ӡ£üüͷһѹ
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֮ˣһ۶ǣ㶵ôˣллκңǵģôˣҪҿôˣܱˣʱȵģ
ۣϧˣ֪֣Ӧһˡ
ŵŵţǷɿĳŲˡ
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̣ԻһʶҶץץͷһӰͷק绳Уƺ˵˴ͷޣֻײʲôеԵĶϡһԭԻǰ˵ѩ壡
ҪԻȴǸˣİסǸᣬҪ᲻ŪԻоҲ̫˵ɣֱȻܰԻİѩסŵĳԸоǽ۵ļ䰡䰡ˬһ£Ȼֳť俪ˣԼԻҵϡ
¶ȣ⽿ۣ°׻һƬһ˫̿ˮ¿ôãʵĴ߰
̣ԻֵһƺĺӸʹˣƺûعԼУֵô
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ܹ⡱㻹ûüͣı죬ʫԻڲڣ𣿡
Ϊʲô⣡Իһھͺˣ¾֤ԼˣҪǱ˿ԼһңɾԻһ㣬Լ¹ȥǸưףСڲôôٰ


2111 ײ
ֱӱ³涼Իڿ㣬˱ǣһĶƺǸϻʫԼԻʫ֮л³
㣬û͵ҵ·ɣԻɬʣ³ﶼŵԼ·㣬֪᲻Щʲô¡㡰ɫôأĶһûԻ˼Ҳ̫ˡ
Իһ㶣ȻҲЩΣǸ˼Ҳ֪㲻ףôˣԻһ۾ͿѣԭĿ㶵Ǳģȴǹˣûʲô
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ģĿӲʲôƣһ˺һȻˣʣһˣԻǹ⣬صһ£ȫˡ˵ʲôֱˡ
㣬ǲ棡ʻϧ
Իûĵһְۣƽ³ȥƻˡϸϧŵʵôôòſţأܲڼҡ
ԻûھͲڣУҪϢпΣȥ𣿡˵ûɰǵһʱˡ
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Իǿ·ʱʵȵѾƻˣġԻ󼱣иʲôʧ
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ʶͷԻԾĵɴ飬оǻġĴ򡱣Ի˶ˣſϣЩɬҪѣôɿڵӣ뿪
ӵסԻСһְֻסΡԻһͣߺĿ㣬֣ܵԼϼٵѾȱˣӭԻС졣
ԻԴģԼҪô죿ۿ촽ԽԽԻ˫ۣ˹˿Լıݣ˳θǰ˵ѩ֮ϡԻǵĸоԽ١
Ǻþηֱӱ޼ɵޱޱƿһ˵˵Ի㣬ϧ˵ǳԷҲȥɣҲûף
߷ֱļжʱһ͵ԧ죬ʲôλޱޱй󣬼æŹϡԻޱȣԻĵ㣬ȭң㣬㣬㻹
Ǹƣ˭ˣҲˣϱסԻ֮мŰӹɵҵŮ˰ɣԻһ㶣˵ӣ˵Ļɵ㶵ĵͷһͣͶĻУıסԼһˣҲΨһһ
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ȻˣǾǲôһ㡣㻵Цղ죬ɬӼʹˡ
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ֳ棬Ի뵽磬Իָоޱȵ׽
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һֵıѩ籩ʱѩʼתת£һɫĹâԻӿڰ׹ʶԻоһɹϢоһըѵʹѰʹԻ뼫ĥƫƫĥ£ԻʲôˣֻЩϢ䵽ԺС
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Ҹֻ룬׷ٵǵʹߣѾǸˡǡЩ˷ֱڽʱֱھ¥¥ͷӦְҵɱ֡
֮ף̽Լ˵ǿ߲뷲Ϊ飬ԼС¶Ϊãô£أʶ˵֮ǶڴӦ
ȻûЩŭ۵ļһҪ˼ˣǸԶҲǱÿԣڣûȥңϴѧĻǽڣƲ࣬лѧʮָֻҲ㲻꣡
ϴѧɣֻοԼˣЩ¾ͽϧȥɡ


2112 ѰĿ
һ磬Ի˵ĸоԵĲͬӣҸоᣬʹԭͳڵԾޱޱǿ޲ڣսʵԻ㣬ô갡⼡۵ҶҪʼɣǲǡ㰡
Իһ㣬뵽Լ׵ģɫ糺죬ޱޱ״һҶãԻ൱ֲ֪ôѾӳȥˡ
㣡ԻæȥȥȥǸϧ
㰵Цû뵽ԻԴװģҲȥȥ鵽˭ϮǡԻǵСĵ㣬ΪܵͣһᾡŬġһܰæ
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Ͳһ㣿ڿʮΣյʱ򡣡
жΣգⲻǺúõ𣿡
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ϧ˫ֳ㱳ƤΣʵ֪𣿡
㿴ϧݣ뱧סŮˣú۰һʵĵͷ֪
ϧͻȻףһ㣬ѹ㣬ظŵ֪ĸоǺεȵ鳡֣ҲΪ֮㵹ϧĵǿ֮УƢϧӣߣŪЩġҲ
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ͣ£ϧƿţЦҪȥˣ㽻£ǻõġһһȴŷ֣Ѿ˻ſˡĸװŮڱϧһԵĶǣ˵ʲô
ʼ磺Ҳֻ֪һ򹤵ġҪʣϰ塣Ҫϣһڽʱ͵СҪȥ
Ҷһ֮ƬһϣӦðԼ˰ɣϾԷʿ߶ǡȥ֡
ãʮʮ㣬ǻʿϷֶĴӪ֮ĸִ£Ҳ˵Ķ֡ƾ֮Ƭһ·ͨ裬ڶʮһ֮ʮΪ׵ʿװһҵ졣
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ᣬ˸ǿÿʿŮĿеİˮݺ˲裬ϲĸݹȥ㱻ĹŪЩ˼ˡˮûֽӽЩȻʵŮ𣿡
šպˣšӦǶһ
ˮզ࣬û뵽ƺʵ㣬ȻǸĴܲⲻЩܣҵϰ嶼ĸСˣοʿ֣ܲŮΧתأ
ˮЦǺǵԶһˣҸȡˮֱ˫ϥ£Ȼظ˴ȣɰˣǣ
㲻ҪţĴӦеǡ
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ҿʱ֮ˣŵˮæߺ˳ȥ֮ŹֵĿ㣬߼æͣ޹ġ
֮Цǰһ¾УˮҲֶĸ֣ǸִµĸŮ۰мӣǰϲִҲᷴԵġһֱۣӱ⣺Щأ
Ѿ׷鵽ˣһҹɱ֯жǺ֣вߵĴڣֻʿǰǶǲһ֮ԣһңѺʮˡ
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ÿӲû˵κмֵ鱨׷鵽ϴѧУڵ绰ͤй硣ֻǲ֪ʲô˽ӵĵ绰
һϴѧԶ𣿻Զеڣطأ
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̵֮ǰԵȣȥǣҵǰǾ֮ߺˮŵĽˣЦ̣һЩİɡ
ҲϲʳŬŬӣˮôῴԼ˿ȤأôһƥԼӣôԼһӵģҪ˵òɫʣԼҲѡɣѲŮ˱ԼҪ㣿
ôܣϲŮˣ
ˮٴι㣬˳ԼˣҲܰ˳ˣҲǴһȻӣٿЩͷ˵Ůˣ
ˮ±סˣ൱ˣ䣬ǵʲôŮˣɫϳˣʿѵģ䲻𣿡ζˮ°ͼ⣬ܺã͸ʶʶʲôŮ
ֲǼһŮôˣýҪȥϴѧ飬ǾʹˮɣôǸʿľĻܶһ֡
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һŮܣԼĹʧһιʧ㲻ԭԼġ


2113 
ΪҽԺĹʣΪԼûʲô̸ܽѧģϾСëԼһ𣿲ԸҩҩҲ;ؿµһ˵±µЩѧԼ
һȥҽѧԺԺʮָӣѾ㿪˺ţҪнѧЩֻ㵽ϴѧҩоңʾֻ֣֤ɼΡ
㵹ǸܽҩоңԼҲһЩҩԷʱ֮谡㻹Լİ칫ңһϣǶǼĹġóһϸˮ͸һԣʵЩʲôã鷳Ǹһ´γֵʱһ¡
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Ŷһ뿴Ůѵжɫء
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ڵʲôģҴιһҽѧԺĲŻʶһЩ쵼ʱֵ½ӡһĪ⵹ڣһģײǽߡ
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ͷӲ̽صסĳǸˣҷŹȥѧԺڰɡ
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ǣˡľ壬ݱ䣬ĿȫıӰľվµҩ˺ܶ࣬ڸоʹࡣľԼķ任һഺаɫѩȹһۿȥΪϴѧĴѧء
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㼱æתͷľ¶һĨȹڣ׷ȥһֿľıӰˣһ·׷ľıӰķߵѧԺ߲㣬ƣҪȥûϵʵͻһЩԸ⣬Ӧû֪
㣬ǶѷһЩϵ㣬ͿһϮϴаɫȹڵľףһѩŮľӣ㻹طһ˶ûУʵĻĺõط
ľתԱߵһң
ЩթǲȥԼܸɶò׷ľԥһ£Ȼ˽ȥ
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üëһתܣϧѾˣľȨһң浴һɬµģǿţ͸оͲҪθĶ³ˣԴҲЩ
ҶЩɫĸӡסͻȻԼȻ᲻ľЩĻʱӡΪȻʱֻӣϣ
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ͻǱʮ֣ϵ˺𽥶ѪһأͷǺȻֹͣ˽ȻѪƺǲѪǸʥȪҲʮ⣬ʲô
һʱһһĹȥˣͷǳѪ֮ǿһ֣ӵʱѾȥˣľȨȶĽѾȥˣԼһϵۿɼٶϡ
ָΪһһ׵罣УȻȥߵٶȣͷͫһֱ۾ͱ
ͻȻľӰſڣͷ֮䣬ľ˵
ͷǣ׵ķըþͼм䣡


2114 Ϊʲôɱ
ľʵһֱûߣҿռģƾǱ˪ȨȡȻ㱻סҲ߲ˣ÷ӡڿǽĴӰľԭǴһԼѾ˵ļд⡣
ľˣ൱һֱǽڣȫԼĺ󱳸¶ƫƫͷ̰Ѫѻɱʱ䣬ǻûѪʹָΪһ󱬷ֱжǵֱۡ
ľҲӹˣı֪ʵǿˣ֮ǿˣѾԼܶԸˡľϣͷǣش㡣
Ѫ֮гǼܾɢһ㣬Ҫ屾ǿͷǵԱˡɾһСȴѾԺľˡľڵϵ㣬һ죬㡣
УʱƵһŷ׭ỹеġľҲرСģ̿㣬˫Ūű˪̽˹
Ӳһű˪ɪɪеķ׭ǽԷ׭תԾռķ׭Ҳ׭һȴֻϳһŷ׭ԭΪǼķ׭
ľ˿̸߶ȼо㣬»û׭ͱľϡ
˵Σ˸ʲôڣҸղ˵ı˪Ȩȱˣ⵽ô£
ҪⲻҪҪûɣ˵Ҫɱ㣬ǾҾҪɱ㣡ľһ٣ɭɭȻɢռ䲼˱ѩ㡣֪Ӳһ˪ĳһѣɿĳס׭
׭һɲǣľҲˣȻ֪ʲô͵ķ׭ľԤУƾ׭ԼƿطΧľˢһӱ˪ǰˣպþ֮ңľðսӽ㣬Ҫֹʹ÷׭
ԴСץס֣Ȼ㷢Ц˼ôˣ׭ǿյģģľһ㶣֣ǣƮһŰɫķĩ
ľˣͬʱ˪Լϣ㡭㻹ܸܲ޳һ㣿
˵û취͵ȡӴӴľӣȾ˸޶˲ǣأȲľɫòˣټ
žһ·׭˸ɫĹâһͷ˽ȥϽһ䣬ȴľһ֣úסĽţ˽ȥ
ͨͨоԼһ֮ϣܺģȴѹһɢ¶ȵ壬ʮԲôЩ赲أԵ˺ѡ
ľһУ漴оظϵһ˫Ĵࡣ㣬֣
һ㣿ôˣ㲻ǻô
ôãַſľŭææסز˸ָƮɫĻ棬ģȴԭһֿ֮ڡŷԼľԼһľĽΣ֮ϡ
ľŭڸоƨʲôӲţⷽһƵȻһӲķ
ɵˣô£ľôɣҪľֳȨȣһӵסĲӣȣҶɱ㣡пвҵȷһš֣ܲܡŶſ
ľ˷ܸʲô
ˣóľɱԽǺܴȻŮ֮𶼲ľСеĸоֻľ˵ѷó
εⷨ뿪ңͷˡ
ãʡָʲô͵Ϯ
ľóӣƺһȥæУеģⷨûвģҪɱɱ˰ɡ
Ҳɱ㣡ľвȣҲΣҪҰץȥķٸ滨ᣬֻԼƼУ޷ָľвǵù֮
㳶ͷ¶˶ľ㶵⡭ôô󣿸˵ȫһ㳰Цԭʼ״̬仯״̬
ǡǣǾ˵ͬһˣ
εǵģһŪġ
ľɫǺ죬΢΢̲סˣɬļһȨȣеĶУȻնȥŵһ亹æһǷĶоʹƨµֽƤϡŮˣ𣿡
쵰ҲܣȻôĵĶΪʲôĻΪʲôľ赶ն֮յܡ
ģªҪǡҪΪһ䵽ز㣬ҽ
ֲģԼҪŮ˷һ
ľȻһ㶣ôԼı˪Ȩأһ˲Ŀ϶нӡɿ죬ԼϣһĻָľҲعŭд㣬û뵽˼թá˵Ǹתע
ԭԱ֢ڳ˻ˡľੲݣľӱŭ͵ŭСȭͷ޲ЦŵϴһȭֻѾ˻ˣȡ
㲻죬椵ظȻզأ״൱ỵ̈ͦԲľһ㶣ô㶢ԼͿ
ÿ죬ȵǸ߹ء
ľһͷղźڰ˺Լ·ô˵ղԼһֱ̻¶ǰˣľһհףֱ֪ɶ˸Լӣľˡ
һ뵽ʹֲ֮˳ľˡ
ɱҰɣɱҰɣҲˡ
żľĻȻţʲô˵׼Լƨƨߵܹȥɱ͵ϮԼءȻһɾĶ֣ҾĴ㣬Īޣս
ľɫȻȥ٣ľȻҲץˣѾָƣҵķѾ򲻹ˣǸ֣Ӧ֪֮Ĳ࣬ҲһŴҡȻˣһϹæʲô
ӰֲʲôܷĿռ䡣
ӣӻȥֻùƳңһʧܣùƳʳҵѪ⣬ǰְҾȻȻùƳĥҡľȻĵͷںڵ㷢ڵϣһ˫Сַŭץŵ棺ұϹ񣬱첻ףҪͻƿռʱˣô˹أܾ裬رԣֻΪ縺˵ʹɽԼ˸ͲƿˡЩˣƫƫҪ۸Ȼƭ˵ǶǷ㣬޳ܡ
ҵǶ˵Ƿ÷ء
޳
߰ɡҲɱˡһӵ
ΪʲôɱңҿҪץˡ
ֻһˣ˰ڲҹһˣͬʱ˵ķϣĹɡ
ľȨȻҡ
С
㻹ɱҰɡ
ιιɱôߡѽ߹ˣ˻ðס
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2115 ֮
㿴óľҲǸˣȻ֪ʲôԭǲڰڲɱҲ޷ҳڣȻУѧԺѧĽɸֻľ׿ڸԼ
ݹԼףϰɣ뿪˵ľӹסӣ糺գղſǳԴ˰㣬͵Լ𣿡
ʱ̫ûü֮뿪˵ɡƿӽſڣͷľһۣҷ㣬ϰѵĸ˸𣿡
ܣ˵ˣҲܽϵĹƳ档
֣Ҹ㿴󡣡ľȥСˣҲˣʲôУľѹüͷľڵĹƳ治ֹһͷƳЩʱˡ
ǰҽ׾ٰڵĻҪһЩҩ︨ǶϡҩҡɣңĸˣҾ취ڵĹƳ档
ľҡҡͷûõģҿɲĥÿ춼ҪʳƵĵҩάֹƳ衣ЩҩСһϧʹˣ£ľлġ
ƿֿţʱһɷϢӭ˲ɫǿɷ֮ĳһʿ̱ýֿƺķ䣬˲ֿһ谵ûеƹĳȡ
һ󣬻ûзʲô˿أҲûʲôͷأһƽĵ¥㡣ǿŵĿֲɷ֮ǼٵġвʱȻԡ
ľü˵ĲǻĹ𣿡
ˣ˵Ҫúÿأκβءָǰͷһ䷿ӦйŹ֡ʲôǲڵŪġ
ҲҲû
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ʲôˣ˴һǼʮܱĵطô˽֣ȫ⣡ǻĹˣʦ
һһۣ֮󣬶Ҳ죬˫һ̯һǽѸʹһס
ޣ͵ߵĹΪԵãʵʲôˣûϵˣҴľһЦһˣǱǽڻһȥĿǸΪ
ѿȭȻĵƷ׵ȭҲеģƿ֮ౡһȭ˵ؿڣؿ߹ǶѣѪߴŭǷԼ޷ʱŷֶԷͷôֲ
˭ôصʿ߷ŭ
ҽ㣬ô㶼һĹʲôı
Ϊһ˵𣿷˵˵Ҳ
ľȣȥɣһ˪߸ǣΪ˱ָǸצϵĶʵʶ
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ͷ׵Ļҵǿһԡֻľ㿴Լ֪ǵԼƽɷ֮ʱ֣˼ɡľߵȻ㲻ңǾ߰ɣߴɣαԥأһʱһ
ľô˵㷴һҪôһõҪôҶò
ľͷǺãиҪҰ㣬ðҵı˪ȨȻң߲ġҲ˷ѣֲǼԦѩġӦ³֮ѱ˪ȨȻľ˿ʼƿһɷ֮
֮ľı˪֮ͬʱǰããɷ֮֮У˷žһʹһۣΪҲ׵֮ɷ֮׵ΪУ·ҵͬԴʣ˹ȥ˼塣
ľһ׹⣬ʵס
ͷϻٴľһɷ֮Ȼеı˪Ȩȷ˱仯ƺʧȥ˼㼱ʣô£
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˵ģһ£طΪһܳȥҿɲôΪʼջҪҵİҲɣ
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ľ˫סȨȣǰȨȻصԭУɷ֮ҲǿһСڣ߲ĽɫƺһͷǲûκϢȫ֪ʲôľȴ𾪣
ΪʲôѾʧô£
ʵʲô𣿡
˵ţ㱻Ľɫ׹һ£ڼ֮ϣֻһۣͬѰʹͷһȻһһɫ׹ⲻͬѰ
㣡Ͻ뿪ˣġЩɷ֮Ǻϣôʲôԭɡ
סϵ˿ڣЦʲôʶҲ򵥡ôӲСˣǼߣߣǾͻٵܱԺΪԼĶҪá
һ㵹ǿԷģЩ˻ûͰˡ˵˭Ĵڣں𵽵ѡ˭û˿Ҳ˵ȴ֪жܶͼոĴǿ߶ˡ
գҲͷ󣬿治Ǽ򵥵׵磬ҪˣͻȻɷ֮ȱڣͷŵСһ˫ˡͷһӦ˰ġͻȻ֮䣬ȱ֮Ʈ˳𽥱ͬʱס壬ɫġӰ
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ľŵɫࣺ㣬ӣûģֻǴʱﻹߵĿܣ֪ҪôշҪôͱɵʶ̨һƬɺİ߲׹Լϣǿʹֻ࣬ҪңصΣٴʹҲܡ
һ£ܸоͷڵķԭڶͷףʱҲ˸ϵķ׭Ҳ
˸ͬʱ˫ϥȻҪľٶ˲䴥˺ɢɫ׵͵ƣֱӰľƿľǽǡ
Ľɫף֪ܷ񴳹һأľ૵㣬ϣ㲻Ҫ


2116
ȻҪԼʱ㷢ԼʶƮԼ壬һ֪Լʶȥֻһɫױ磬һͷںɫԲĽɫͳԼǰѹȸУ쳣ѹ֣·𴭲
ɫǺ˰ɣôۣҵɫ壬ƺûʵ尡𣿡
𣡺һУеǿźɫԲ֮ڣʱһĪѹƵ̵ϥ£һƺڶȡԼȨ֪ǿ󣬲ϵıĬ˵ֶܼþͼֶã
ɫױϵŰ壬ΪʶƮ壬Ǹоʹ־;ޱȵļ͵ģϵˣ־ȴʣȴִڵģͷϵ䶹ĺ飬Ѫ
ľһԿŶľʱѾȥܾˣѪͻ˰ɣƾʲôһϢסˣѪˣô
㣿ľлһȥҪ壬ǱǻƽɫױըˣʥַʥڲױҲԽԽ࣬ҿⷿзӡռҲ󣬲Ȼľ޴ˡ
𽥵㲻ǲоʹ࣬߾һЩȫ׵Ŀɬÿһһ͸еʹĪ屻˺ѣʧˣԼڻ֮Īĸо㶼Աˡ
ˣ
Ȼ䣬ôһ仰ˣв㱻вţǿԸıǿԴƵģڰ಻ס˷һҲ죬ףҪǿҵ־ϵķ׭⻪ǣʼԴԴϵսɫױ
ľһĻסС죬ȵױôܣôܣյ𣿾˵ֻϵ߲ܱѡС
ԼĪһʱ䣬֣Լɫױɣ־ޱȼᶨԺ֮ӹһһԼǣҶǵŮˣҶ˼㡢աٻ㡢ǶԼǶޱȼᶨ־ıˣԼôһ绨ſҪعˣ
ȣһͺȣʶͻȻصԼ֮У屻ױŰƻʹֱղŵָоѾʧˣɫױҲ𽥱Լգ׭˺ĽɫףҲýӲӵģƺѾ˳ˡ
ȷоԴԴϵӿϵ˿һۿٶϣҲ·ղЩѪǼٵһ㣬ûиоκβʡΨһĸоǺƺԼΪһ壬ԼǺ𣬺ԼһһͷĵɫСԼС
˵ĿͷСȻоǿܹһСǣ㳤һĿɿڴľʵôݣʲôã
ľһۣʲôģǺ𣬹żмصʵ壬Ǽǿôǿ󡭡û˼ǵˣżصľûˡ
ˣܻͲˣǸϽ뿪ɡǸһŷ׭Ĩȥģ´죬ʱ͸˴ͷ׭һʶĴֱͣӴͻϴѧ֮ڡ
ľȥǰ࿴һۣ֪ǰ˵ǷģԼڵĹƳ棬ôԼָɡ
ͬҲǶľ뷨Ѷֵ£ǼõġֻǸһ죬ûĻĸڣǵõ˺Ҳһջ񡣻ƻ֮ʱˮҲҵ㣬ʾ׷ûпʿ
ҲЩȷĸھȫѧ֮һλˡΪľϴѧֶԸС㣬һȥɡˡ
ʲôҿŮѵģҪǲǱҸɫ
˵ţԻˣߵˮʱ˵⣬ŮˣܻԽӽԼߵŮ˱뷨
㣬˭
ԺĽܵС㣬ҵŮѡ
ԻȻѾǶͷˣû뵽ֱӣﰵˣȴյһ£˵ʲôأСáףҲʿǿ
ˮԭͦŵģǿԻ֪۹жߣＫĶʼɣԻһǳˮȹ磬һˮĳã죬ߵ΢һζ翣Ϻõȹж΢絭÷δݻȴ񾲡üĿ㣬ʤɣһȻȥεȻ£ü䴽ϵϣ񣬹֮Уůȴ͸żֶ㵭İ⡣
ˮʼŮǴû˭ܰȥ¿Ի˵ΪԵʣˮԵʮʻǱȲոһԻ˵ĶǶʼɡ
Ǹ㣬ȻȥˣʲôҡˮĶӣֻЩġ
ҵĻԪ𣿡Իʵ
ûأܿüĿˡҪһЩʱ䣬ٴ֮ǰһЩʲô鷳Ӧûʲô˿ŶԡָľЩˣǸ֮ڣ֪߶Ѿˡ
Ȼȴ˷˲̸֮ϵֳһֱصǷǸߵʬףдѪ֡㡯
һʵ˭ЩüĿһгһ㣬Ϊ൱ףһ֮ɱۣиԶҲ˵Ǳɱġ
𣿰˵϶ϸҪһ˵Ǹ㣬ʲô˶Ҫˣ簵ҹˣҪ̸
ʱ˾ưɵĹԼʵ˲٣ִϴѧ˳ǣóҩģŽκýյ۾ɻȥ·ײʫ꣬ԻЩĻţľһЩ֪ʫͬǲѷɫԼĴŮ
ʫĺøҲͬһ㣬ԼѾ޷ˣԻȴЩʫꡣ
㵹ûһȥкʫ㶵˵ھưɵĹˣҰȥһˡˣ»ûлءΪˡЩǴ󵨣ҲץҲҪһѶˡ
֪ЩԶᱻʫҵˣѾˡ
ۣʫôö־ֻ㵽ʱҪץŶ
ʫͦظʲôǻ𣿵ÿˣ绰ͷз˵Ǹ㣡ʫһøǵ㡣Ի˴̳ӣ㻹һĵ⣬ԼŮѡ
һʱûعϾǰ磬檵ģƬµŮԣǵ˼άʽɾûôˡ
Ҫȥҽտ۾أһΣ϶ߵģȥȥ
ȥȻȥˡףԻôˣһԵģ
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ʫٹģô᲻
ǲȥɣҲȥˡԻݺݵһȻˡ㱻ĪѲСӳԴˣԴ׾ͳԴףأ̫ˣȥҲרƨɡ


2117 ;
ҹʫȥռңΪԻȥԵʣʫι㣬˫޹۾װǲŭԻǲռˣղСҿɿˣǲǶʲôЦѽռұˣҳԿȣȥ
㻹׼ʫ˵ʲôȴһ࿴ľ⼮ԼϽץʫ֣ĹսǺءľƺߣ֪ʲôĿġҿ·ƻ谵ȻҪˡ
ʫͻȻץֶڻ˲Ĩһ糺죬ԼҪʲôѵҪҶԼʲô
ȻҲʫ״ոյľٶ˻ɶѣЩƬοǾҹ￴ģϾ͵ŮϲСȻ㲻ʫĳЩεһģֻʱ²ʱء
һƬѪɫʫ꣬ɫ֣Ȼ㾪ޣװŵĿȭͷв˵㣡һʮ죬Щûϴ˴һ𡣡
ʫŵĿ㣬Լ̫ˣʲôӲĻţɶأҪҪĺȻһЦ´ʫ꣬ԲظΪŶ˷γ˺˰ĲϸСżŲһ£˫Űţ˱ǽڡ
ʫ͵ر޾ţ㣡׼ǡǻĹϵؼʱ̣ʫûΪŮˬӢˣȡ֮ˮŮˣԽ˵ȥȴԽܼ˶
ĵһûأ㵹ջˣ
ɫʫ꣬ЦҡҡͷҲ¾ľһȺˣһʫĻϾգŽ͵캰ɱŮӣҲŲȤע⵽ϴϮҵǸˣľСĵܲŵǾ͹ˣǷ֣
ʫһ㶣ԼôŮ˵ˣŮʲôãĺ仰ǸΪҪһЩ˳Ŀ⿴ȥȻľһȺ˲߹ʫɫವһ¾ͱѪ죬뵽ոԼΪ˼ҪԼʲôԼȻйҪҪһµͷо˶̣ȵġ
رǼһҶʫֱţŽߺ޺޵ĵ㣺׼ЦЦҾ㡣ȻһЦʫ껹Ǻܳģ뵽С﷢ôи顣
ʫ㲻ҪЦ㻹ôЦԼԼ治ȡЦԼǿỤ̊Ҳץ⣬һšԼжšͶˡ
ͻȻʫôȥһðԻŭһ¿ȫͬİҵʹЩûнгֻıľֲס
ʫڷй󣬲ɿ֣һʲôûɵӣбףϸĿڡԺ׼ЦңЦһ㣡ʫ׺ݵľ㣬ʹ֮ɫʹЩ۵˵㣡Ū𣿡
ʲôŪңǸҸ˵Ļɣ㿴ǰɢŮջʫ꣬ЦЦûнͣС۷ǵۣءתѾ˹ȥľˣȴŸĶ԰ȥ˿û˹Ԣ鷳˼ɻѡԼģ
ʫ꣡ҪҪſҪʲôʫʵֵʲôΣաʫĵӣʲôҿɲͽģϵһץŮ򲻹һܰģҲ㣬㲻Ҳȥٶ
ʫһ·βľˡʫĸˮƽɺʵ㣡ǲǾ
ʮƣˮƽþ𣿲ǹж𣿲УŮԼô飬ʫ괵һµһٴʦľŮֱ׾ٵ飬뵱Ů˶δֹ
ʫҲһŮˣվʫ괵꣬ʡԺԼǾͲøƨɺˡȻһЦɫôڣĿô󣬺׸ٵģ㲻Ҳúܺ𣿡
ǲ˵Ů˸Ǹ̩Ůܲϧ¶˵㾭ʫͻȻתĵ۾ע㣬ʮרעı顣
ĵŮôͻȻЩأǵԼϧĲͬѰϵɣ
Ȼʵ֪ǸΪʼұ˧ܻҥҰʫ꣬ӦҡΪһưϰģƽʱûлŮ˵ġ
ʫŶһҲ֪벻ţ֮أԺ׼ǸϧòȥҾˣȻҾȥ㣬ߺߣȻ͵鹫¡
ͷźӿȻǹ˳ϲңƷβ룬ġϢҪǳţԼԺŮԵô
ĺˣǸ߸ϵܲãҸġֻʱƭһ¡
ʫ⣬˵֣ǰˮѹֱۣ廬ΪöĻꡣǿȥϣҪء
ʫһоֱ۵һʵλãĹļĻ𵴡룬ҪСջһһ
ľ˲ϵľ룬ľͻȻڽӽ԰ڴ·תһΪխĵҵ֣˾ĿһȺ˶ȥŴʫСĵĸҲ˵½ֵ
ֵʮСܶ࣬ûΣʮֳ֣Ŀ˵˵ǿλҪòҵִ˵ļط
ľС㣡𼱣ˣ߾ˣҪһ㡣
дв죬Щִ£ѵľҪԭͲɲΪڸ֮Լжɣֻѡʿ˵һֱ£ԼΪ˱ߵ˶鷳ǣô㶼˼ˡⲻ顣
ƻǵļ棬ָɢô˫Ƶ£޷ϢҲӮȡһʱˡһ·ţߵ˻װ޵ĵ½ֵԽ˽ֹͨеľߣ㲻ԥˣ᲻һأ
⹴Լ壿
ʫ㣬ʵֱ·̫ҪˣѽʱΪֽ֮ǿһո˺֮㲢ûлָöôһ㻹еġ
ߣȻ׷ˣôܰأݹһ֮Ƭţˣһ
ôУһ˶ΣաҲҪһҿǾ죡
ɫҵģʫһһ˰ԵԼԼȻ˲һ˿ͷԹԵӦһֻȥ


2118 ֮
ŵĸľ˱ʵƬ̳ǻδˮҺǺ˳Žӡȥ¸ֻѾϢѹúܵˣ֪᲻ᱻ֣
Щʲôô󵨣Ŀŵ£˵ףڵһ磬ڵλ棬Ҳ֪ǻ᲻أϣƽɣܲΣ˿⸱ģֻҲ˰ɡ߿߶˼ŮԴء
һţһߣ𽥵ûйߵĳȣȻֱӵ˻޽֮еˮèӣˮȴǷ߳ԼһͷĿ飬˫ֱأЦеĿԼ
һϵĻҳЦҵĸٱ²ǿ
ǸмĺǺǣ˵ƣͷõŸоϢ𣿹
̣ԽˣⲻǸСǲԵ𣿡
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㷢Լˣܲˬ˵ʲôʵҿɲΪܴҡ
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Ȼ˴ɷ˵Ҫ㻰˵ģҴ㣬͸ңڵǸһЩ顣
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ˮƺϵĲ룬ֽ˵ͻһǺѵģЩ޷ʲôǾ޴Щȴ˳ˮǸճĥ֮򣬲ͻƽѡ
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ʧ˾ֻǸĽҪôΪߣ裬ҪôͻƽѣΪˡ
˽ţ䵭簡Ǹطʲô
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ʲô磿Щ̫ףȥ磬ôһ磿ǹŹֵġ
ˮٺһЩ³еһںѪ˵㻹ɱҰɣҲˡ
ô飬øңЩʲôϵ
ǣֻүҪõӰˡˮ粻мҪģڣܶ¶ɺܶࡣֻҪһЩͿˡƺڵưԣǾСԸļһ
Ȼѹ˵ΪԭЩļһʲôελ棬й¶Լ֪Ǿ衣


2119 
㿴ڵصˣﴧĦɱɱϾǱҲˣǸղ˵ġүҲ֪Ƕô˵õ֪ԼѾЩˣֱˣȻûԺ͵Ŀˡ
ˮ翴ԥЦѣСӣ㻹ԥɱɱǣҸ㣬ĻͶˣ磬΢һЩǾǷǵ³
˼ȥģҲϾ˾޷ɽˡ
׺ݵĽӾͲ̵ҧҰüͷһ壬һţֱӰѵ߷ɵ棬ײǽ֮ϣܾ֮¡͹һǶѾвˣӡ
ʵ֪飬һָоľҲǸطȻˣֻĸоѡǣǵҪʲôˣ׷ʣˮѾһ󼱴ٵĽŲܣʮˣֻҳˡ
һһ߰нܵƸܰԼںڰ֮УһһսǵСЩ˶߹֮ٴγѾڵֲָˣ˲ʱпյʲôˡ
ﻹӶˮ˵Ľѣֻ뿪ˡԭ·أûʲôˣҲʩֳ˵ȡص˵棬һʫꡣ
ʫ꼤ĳס㣺ûˣĶͷʫĶͷĵ𣿡һжԼգȴʫ굣ˡ
ҶҸʫóԼƽʱʹãȴǹ˲ˣΪ˶˶ͷ˿ѪֹӶѪȻƲ£ȴ쳣Ŀֲ
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Уҵٻȥ㵣ǵƽ׺ɲð
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ʫ꿴֮ˣʱ֣æȥ㡣
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ǰ򲻹ôܣ֮ʶʵ֮һֱ׿ڳϲУǱеһġ
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Ѱ½չˣƽǴһϣ˲òʵش𣬷·˵˰Ծͻ
ȫصˣѾȷ㡣ȻϧŮӦþǱˣһǺܾǰĺӰˡ
ܺãץŵġƾһŵƽѣɹͻƽѣһ㣬Ϊİ
ȫϲԽСĽҩߵлǺӰ۾ʧ֮ȫվһָ״СĲ۵ĺɫҩʧЦٵٺٺ٣治ס
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2120 ת
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䣡˶һƵֱˣȫ쿴˿֣Ѿ⽹ˡıױǺǵģ
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𣡡ѵõķһŭͻȻѸ͵ȥһѽסȫ졣
ۣѪɽȫʹ࣬ҧŵԼʲôˣһƽˣɼ
ܻģҵĵһôܾʧˣȫͣ
һԦ˵Ҳף߽ȫ죬ʵʲôѣ
ȫ쿴㣬Ȼץס˫ţ㣬㣬Źңʲô㣬ҸľĽҩҪҵĽѣҪ
Цղҵʱɲ˵İȫͫһζϴʮӶʮ
㣬ҪҪɱңкܶ㲻֪飬üֵҪɱҰ


2121 Ƴ
ȫôҲ벻иŻԼ͵ϮˣһϢڱ벻ľԸƳҧҲҪ㡣㵽ʲôðôգ
һеһжѾûˣȫоԼĹͷӶɢˣҧţоԼҲһߣȫץĽţĿǰ󣺡㣬һţĻᣬҲܾˣҺòװ˽ʱա
һŲȫ֣˲һ˿
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ȫĻҲʽ㱧ľʣľôľȻץ죬Գģˣֻ˸ɡȻҲŹġ
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ľ⽹ͷκӣһΣԼղŻأû뵽һһԼļ̌ͷ䶹ĺĨȥʵô
ε԰·𣿸·Щš
ľһʱ÷ϣŵ⣬⣬ôУһҪ𣿡ҲһҪѵ·ȽϺһ㡣
ǣѰɣľ˫ۣŶ£ƺһͽַһ㣬ʵѩһһ촽ϵýģСȭͷˡȻľһЦЦ
Ȥ̫Ȥˣһƽʱװ˪ޣʵϻŮ
ľһ㶣ۣζЦԼȻüͷƳ棬ˣһղѾѹƳƳˣǻⶺԼľ˫ּæظֺޡ
ЦһΪһľΪɬһСŮʵ̫ȤˣԲôһղ⹫ɹİĸҲĽϵѪˡ
㣡ľŵһԼڰ˱ƳĶˡҲ˲Լ֣ȭͷǳһٿֻڼ޽ƣʲô۵ȭͷϵһ˵㻳С
̣ŵϵϢľּæƿ㣬ߵʰɡ˺֮Ҫ¸˵
ЦЦľ뿪Ա߻ء
֮Ҳ𽥻ָǰֶ㡣ȻСɾͽˡ
鷳ûнһ°ɣҲ쵽ˣкܶʦġ
ģһᶯһƽϢ¡ֻ֮ǵģǵ£ˮǸ
Ŷһʵʲô
ҲĹһǿǿ׵֮£սȭͷû®ɽĿʱһϣǻûӽͱˡȻ͸оһɿ־˼ϯȫǿ־ԴȪ
ҪǸղŰǵǸŮӸϵˡ
ĵľӿͲȫΪˣһֱԼϧԼ˼˴¡ûҲҡ
ȥǸļһҲʲôϵоȫ챾ǰԼµʲôղŸľƶʱ򻹲ʲôعܾЩԺ
һָо˵壬ԼָоȷرϵһֶԽѵԤʾĸо
ҡҡͷͼԼһ£ǣҵĸоʮֲڡ


2122 ׷
֮Чʺܿ죬Ҳ֪ʲôҽѧԺֱӷһ٣ŪôĶҲûʲô֪ץ͸ԼоһֽѣоҪȴǻûɴ಻ȥ
ʱ֣ľҲָƣ˿ȥˣʱѩɫѩȹڣԵʮĹС㡣ľرãԴƽ֮ûôùһжǹ鹦㡣
ľԼ¥棬һ㣬ľȲӵסЩȣ컯գǬģ㲻ռұȻ־˰ɣľĵĺһ˭ռ˭ˣղǸӵǶлһָɡ
㣬Ҫ£Ҫһ㣡ľʱ׶һףЦҾ˵¸Ҫһ㡣
ľһżûΣУ˵ˣΣգ֪֪ǻʵ۲̫࡭ľ˵⻰ŸоЩ죬ҿԼŮء
УУȻľ˵ôأǾ˵˵ɡ
ľƲƲ죬ĵΪ룬㵹һ㶼Լ°
ľ˵ΣյĻԼҲо˵ҵɣҲܸȤΪҲģ֪һЩ飬Ҳʮ֮ȴΪģǸп޳վ۷㣬Ҳһ졣Ҳõȥء
Ǹȫ졭еū۵ū͡ƽʱˣʵ㡣ڻʲôĿ㣬ҾͲ֪ˡƽʱһֱƣҲΪڵڡ
Ҳ磿ʱץľ˫磬Ҳ֪֪ʣ֪Ѿ𣿡
Ūˡľüͷȷ͡
ֻƺûУ
ľɫˣҵȷ֪һЩ֪Ҳ࣬ϾҲ磬Ǵ֮ķ϶һĵطͨΪα硣Ƶôðһα磿
ľһȤӣС쭵ʵˣʵнߵһ飬ԶŵļأҲɽ磬ҲһжûеʱѾˡֻڶͨʥ߶߲ȥĵطӵʥ֮Ҳȥˡ
㻹֪ʥ֮㲻զ࣬ľͷҲ򵥣ôΪ֮ͣ
ƽʱ֣ˣ֮ͬĵūūʵѾ˵۵Ϊ׷ǿαˣǿȡϵҲ֪ʲôԭҪ׷ɱ㡣
㵹ͨ͸һ㣬µūĿĲΪȥ߽磬ΪưԣҵһҪڵ
ʱ緢ʲô𣿡
ǷһЩϻǷƽ˾ġЩ¾㲻ʲô£ֻǶλα磬ķ϶λãԽǣֱӸǿȡϵǾֹūһ
㾪ʣ־΢İѣ
֪֣ûȥıҪΪλҪôΪΪ¡ļ̌ͷߵƲʣɫ˵˵ǲΪ£Ϊۻһ㣬ұǿ硭ʲôõطֻһαˣǧ࣬˽ѣαġǵĿľΪ˲øȥαʹࡣ
ʹࣿôʹࣿ
ľһ뵽򣬻˸£ҡҡͷǲ֪Ϊã֮ˣ벻뾡ָΪ
̵룡ҷӰɣһһʵ̫ˡ
ľֵұƵʱ䣬ҲʲôûģҷҲǻָΪĶӦԶŻʱȹ̸ˣָܻԭΪ
أ뵽⣬ĸûˣôҪˣ
Ȼǻٵ
ҡҡͷҵֹ㣡ҵ磬ǲۿģԶ֡ľʼ磬ʵɣˣ׷鵽ҲӦ׷鵽˶Ŀǽһ֪ǻָĶǻ᲻ϧһеȥġ
֪ľ˵˭ĵˮ磬ǾӦˡѵҵľ
֮⣬ûбİ취ָΪ𣿡
ûˣ֪ģԶŻ߱ȣһ֦ɵ鱦ڷֱΪ߽ڣԻָֻҪ磬߱ôͲ¡
̸ãֱʱֲ꣬ľӦԸǸľճ裬Ҳ˵ľҪ㡰ĵľҲ̫ˣ˵ҰҲ֪֪ɶ˼أпյøΡ
ʱ֣ȻԻһ𹲽ͣҵԻʱȴǷ߶һˡͦװ˶壬дǿף˵Цݣ㰵Сģıһ˧ǲȥݹˣ
Իû㣬ʮֵģ˾ͬ£𻪡ҾԣĹӸ磬Իǰһֱ׷ºԣȥڵʯĻԼʹӦ׷
ԭΪˣô֪ȥ˱˵ڵһʯԻ¿Σ;ͲҪʲô͡ԻֻҵȥѧУķöѡ
ҲԻϵĲͷæ˹ȥʵԹû
ûأ
˵УȥֱߴŵһɡΪֱ˧𻪣ɰùǺʱɾ͵ˣԻ߶ôһˣĿǰͬӣùǺûûûƱӣֻʲôʺˣҽѧԺԺƸʣҲ֪ǲʵϵġ
ֽ𻪲ΪԻϲ㣬ΪΪ˰Լҵļѡ
Ի𻪻ֱۣܵüʦѾˣ⣡
ɪͦͦأоԻսԼֱۣظĴ˵ģԻظǺʵģԼֱ۶סأϵĵ㣬Ƣ
һʼɣͬʱҲӶ˼㣬мԻ㿴һɵģȵңҼҾãѧҪǶһƬİΪһ仰ҿǻǮȥʯʯûڵڵҲǵһʱ͸㣡ҵʵ⣬һ㶼㲻Ҫ֪ðСӸƭˡ
ŭˣʲô֪ðôҲĻˣһƿ𻪣ŭôھݣʱǵʱȽӻ·ȻҲˡ
ߣӰ˰ɣҵҪôҲ͵çƥ֮¡ֽ˾ģҪһγԻеĵλɾ͵ˣ
ҽѧԺĹʣãһλ˰ؽɭ֢Щ껹Ʋ̫ǽ״ԽԽȻϴѧҽѧԺʣôܸܲһЩõߡ㱾һѧƭӡ
ЦˣЦһֶΣ˵ΣΣ
Ҫܻİؽɭ֢״Ҿ㣬ԻԶ֮Ҫûʵϣ͸Ͻ뿪Ի
Իŵı㣬Ӧ֪ͨ󣬵ǰؽɭ֢Ŀǰҽѧˮƽл޷ġоԻָοֱС˼ҪһģˣҴȥְ֮
üͷһǴӦˣ㣬ɢ


2123 ߱ȶϽ
һĽγϣܼҺβֽʵүûˡǿڱҵر
ֽߣ⻹򵥣һ׷أʱ˶šǲʶȤͺˣֻҽҵĴģЩ°ɡ
үĺˣؽɭ֢Ŀǰҽѧˮƽ޷ΣԤһĿѣҿǸţƤƭӣҲ֮ǰĹǾưɵƵġ
ֽ°ͣ»Щ鷳Щһ³棬ʱôҲվ߻ȥιܼҵ⵹ʲô⣬ֻүǵҿɲͰ
ΣǮ򵽵ıǲϧģֽȭͷɼֶžͺˣʲô
ֽԼ˱ԣУļǴ⣬һ㶼ûзϡֻԻЩƵһӣ𻪸ģ˵ǴӱڵġƵҵֹƷɣʲôڣ
ԻѶݸ㣬ŵյģӲģ˵ĶԣǴӱģôܲϧң
㻵һЦ˵ĵء
Իֱţ㣡㡭㲻Ц֪Ҷûκθо㻹Ѱġˡ
ֵѰ㿪ģ˵ˣҲŮƯ˺󣬲ȻôӬģһΪϵԻ¶һЦݣǲӬģԣҵĲӬģ
ΪҽѧԺϢ֮㿴˿еĴӣİĶóơ쳣ĶȻһװģִǺӣһƬ㰵棡صػص˹ԢŴ򿪡
Ӹӻƿһ˪ɢ˳Դʲôһָģְ峤֦УЩоһů͵֮ڣ㻢һӿ
㼱æ֣ԲѰ֦ʲô㿴״뵽˽ľŸԼ˵߱ȣ
ôɺϰɣ˵Ķھͳˣʶأ߱ȵĻǵøϽŻԭ
ˣʱſһ󼱴ٵţ㻹ûͷϤУˮ磬ʲôţСϴǣøӣҵģ٣
أֱӱ߿ˡ㿴żĵˮˣǵıһЩϸˣֻ˳ÿǻˮŮ˰㣬˳ͷҪƽ̹ؿڣΪһŮװء
Ǵµǰɣ
ȻˣĻôϻʲô¿˵ôƺѸٵİС֦Ѿ˷ˡ
ٵͷǺպģСҲҡҾƺΪٰɣ
ү䣡
үӢ
һһҵĵˮ磬Ͻм䡣ֻʮָЦִ굽ͼʲôأүͷ򵥣㲻Ҵ⣬ΪԼƾĻҲǶԸǶˣˮ绹ֻү¶ѡ
ʵ׶Σ֪ȥ
ٵΪƽʱ򱻷ˣЩˣȻӦġұ߳һ磬ҲǶȾһسӵģҡҸղŷ˺öûϴӦ߱ȡ
ҪҪûͣ
ҪأҲҪû£
ˮ粢ûг֣Ϊ֪ԼѾĶˣһǾʹ򲻹ˡǸԼүôǹŹֵĽ
ҲֱӼԼǿķһһͷ˫ĿĽ˳үȥŲæƺͬʵĶ֣㳩սʹ
һֱүߵ̧һֻ֣һһ˷Ķգͷ֮үȭͷһ䣡ֱӱ˵ϣԭûʵ壬¸һ˿˿ɢ
ɫ΢䣬û뵽ȾүүĲŪһԼĳ˵˰ɣٵʵǻûлָһɴ㡣ϵĶͼɱ㡣
ˮѸӭϣΧ˳Ʒ̬ơʹȭͷʵĵȥЦѽӴ򣬴޵ʽ֮ȭһɲǣЦݽסˣ
һ̣ˣȻֻǺ岽ޱȵľô£һϾͱǿˣⲻܣ
ҲЩ⣬һ֮ע⣬˶ˣԼҲƣǸղȫһȭڶԷȭͷ֮ϣ㾹Ȼһѹסĸоүʲô֣СҲһȾİ˵ʲô
ƵĿһԵүүأһϾͱôɣûиоѵ
ΪģоүҲ˱˵ĽҵϣΪҩһЩ˷£ôʹЩӵн֮ôһȾ㿴ֱһҶ֮ϣչ˭Ľˡ
òףʵҲ˵ʲôΪҲ˵һˡ
ֱҶһͼôͣүҲԼֱ㿴кƬСҶӣߵ֤һ٣Ǵﵽһе۷壬޷ѽѡ
˵Ľʲô
ѣǱ˵ѣҲԼĽ١磬ҪΪǾҪձ˵ĽѣҲ˵ɱΪ
㲻üͷ絽һʲôĵطȻҪɱΪ
һ㣬һȾҪΪȾǵɱʮˣղԷĽѡȾҪΪȾǾҪɱһٸˣĵȾҪɱһǧˣԴơү˵ЩҲ΢Щȭͷյýġ
ʽҲɱˣΪأ
ҲУһһ٣٣û˿ס߾һҲס˵Ψдﵽ˾žŰʮһѣɶ֮󣬲ܿס
գЩȣԭԸķΪʲôҪôࣿ
ֻǺ棬컹˵㣬ôͱһȾôģ
һЦһһ˵ҾͲ㣬бʹҡҾ͸㡣
ҿŵ˶ã̡ˮץס
Ѿ֪Լӵҵ֮Ϊūǰ͡ԼģʱҲ֪ô£һЩоڲų׹Լӵ˵ūѣ̶ܻΪԼĽ٣ĽҪӲ뵽Լ³


2124 ֮
ΪͣӲȭҲսͬΪһȾǴǱˮܿɱ˹ĵʵһЩˣʶҲսˡ޵֮֮⣬Լⷬĵô
ԣ̷ͷΪǵµľ֣Լȥˣһʧȥ֮͸ƿԼˡձȻ޷Ϯġ
Ȼһȣˮ͵ʱˣ˵Ҿ޳ԩģαضһ˭˵ûģҡ
үӻֹ֣סá˵ɣҲҵĸ࣬ҾĹ㡣ҡҡͷү״εǺܿϧҲ͵ˣΪҵĲƷɡǲһ۽ΣԼҪ˽֮Ҳʧȥ֮
㵹ǲǣֻԼ֪µȦףҪɵȥɣ֪Լϵҵ֮ǵūǰǿӶԼܿԼĽѣôܱ֮֮СôȾͰѽĽԼķʽ
ԼһҲδ̫Ҫˡ
ٺ٣Ƕǵ»ģĲҪܻСƵĺһȭֱӰǽڴһձȭιҲһƬˮ纰һֱ֪һ¿Խ˵ֱſڶȥ
֣ʤһ־Ȧףܿѡ
յſڣͿ֮һСܸϵ㶵ǰˣͷıɽûǣͲôˡ
֮һƣʱӣмӲɴԼ˵ļһ𣿡ǰǾǵ˰
һƣ߱ȵһڵݸ֮ϿߣмǲҪ˵õ֮صһͷܣָȨͽ㣬Ҳˣ֪˶ԼȤ߱ȵһڡ
٣ȻҪǾɡǶǵòġ
νʼ磺ûйϵҿóֻеһڣ֣ҿңռҲΪ˻ָԭʵɣԵ㼯зֽᡣͨ߱ȣҵΪҲָܻıΪһŹ𣿡
ҿɲóѣ
ǾܲˣԱٵսܵپͷңһЩӡүһӣһѻɫĽһ˲䣬үͳ嵽Ⱥ֮СսһɨΧ˶ײ˳ȥΨƾ׭סĿսһĽǶȴ㲻ܡ
ۣүһľ룬ɫһȻӲͲһֱ𣿡
һѪүһЩ޷ܣϾ൱
Ϊõ𣿡㱻̵磬Ѹ͵ץ٣ͬʱ˸Ȼڵ׺Ҫү廹׾ٵģ
ʿ˵˿ƴҲǽֹˮǰšүŤ岻ʱ״үΪ֣ҵѴΪƽҲڻᱻ׵԰йŹ֡
˶ǵĽͼ˫ֵĽ֮ϣүȻҪۣε˫һ˲佩סˡ
ò˵һȾܼ֮áҲܹ죬վͽͣ㿴˿ѾԽԽ𣿿һ㡣
᲻֪ʹԽԽԣԴУȻһţֱүүû뵽Ȼøʮֲмȡ
үʹһУ̼нȣɫǺ췢ϣһɣܿľ͹ڵϣ쵰ʹ
װɵѽ治˼ղӦûУûϵģ㳤ôŮֱȥҽԺŮ˲ǸáôǼ򣿻ǽұ
үɫѿ˿ʿ˵ԽԽ࣬ȻԼˣȻһɽȻȻ˵Լս֮үҲʧȥ˼սȤϽĿԼ⻵ûУ
үǺΪʲôռƻȻʤ׷Ҳûжʣˡ뿪ųһнӡԼʩչ˾ָһơʿ˵Ҳİһһָ
һ֮ſʼ˼ҵ֮ڴ֮еһ֣ѾūǿˣҲڴˣΪָֻ࣬ҵ֮ƾѶģΪȻǵö࣬ԼѵʱҲʮֳڸ߷ո߻ر͡
ڵϣԡ֮УҪѵūǿԼϵҵϽѸԼֵܱ֮ס˵ơʶȫһ׵磬ܿͷһŲԼĴڡ
ҵ֮С޷ۿĴڣ㳢װȴɵİסˡҵ֮ʣȴʵڣнӡԽԽ죬Դӡһİҵ֮Ƴ
ǰ·;У̨֮еĺȻ˳һץҵ֮ץסˣΪ𾪣ľ˽⵽һͷ˵еޣȻǣǲΪԸߣľΪ塣
ǿ֮ɣκǿĹֻҪɣǾˡȻˣүбԶȾѹ㣬Ӳǰɢ״˵ֻ˵㱾ʵ⡣
ҵϽѵ˼ֻǲ֪᲻꼰Լ˼ˣѾҵ֮ˣ㾪ϲķ֣ԼΪûеˣҲûҵ֮Ҳ˵˴֮еĽѵ
ʮָˣһԼǿƾҵ֮ɽΪͬʱأɱ֮ôһźܸоϵҵ֮Ѱ˼Լλҵ֮ǷҪүأԼǸһܷиõ;
㳢Ըһ£ûκϵҲ޴˽⵽յҵܷ֮ͨ;ˡںҲǲ˽⣬ӽ챻Ⱦүһȭڣ֪𲢲ӲӲģʵ;д


2125 װ
֮ʧˣʼϲһֱΪ֮ǸֵˣϾΰԼõ߱ȵһ֮ҲûϵȥƽڵĵطҲҲˡ
ʮֲˣһʼѶ֮ҲΣ㻹ܷүһ¶ݲôɵȴ粨һ֪ĻԲѶȥ
ֻܰжǰæ֮ҳͬʱȥ𻪵ԼҪ֤ԼҽҲԻߵһЩӬ𻪿һǰԻʱͲˡΪֻ
һġաǸҾȻûгɣԻȥԼΣǮĻҹܼҸͺˡҲǽı̫Զ
Իɫѿ˫ֱ㣬мԼȥϡĳ
һĳϿңԻˣˣҪǿ⳵Լ򳵻ȥҾֹŸˡԻЩãһ뵽ѴӱڵıԼԼƺǶԼЩϣǾôҲͽͣԻѾˡ
Իô
ʦôϿңܻأԲԣƷѿɾǵĲˣҿĳҲͦʵģҺԻһͺˡһλãôˡ
һ㶣û뵽㻹һУʵ̫޳˰ɣǵŮ»Ů£ֶԼ뿴ĽԼ뿴Լһȥ⳵ԼǴԻȥˣһᡣֻû뵽ԻȻֵܵջǰԲˬѽԻԽǲܣеĿȴԽŨ
𻪿ԻȥˣæҪҸҹܼҴ绰ܿͻģ㣬忴ģôأ
ûа취Ψúιܼҿҵ绰ǰصض˺ιܼңЩ뵽𣿡
ү뵽ˣǿǸȥĸˣ뵽Ҳҿүӡ
ߣǵȻˣҰֺôҲˣҪˣҲᱻϳЩˣͷҲԲʱӢ۾ӦŤתԻĿе󡣡
ʱιܼҾ͵ˣӻʻ⣬˳ĬȻԻ㣬սСҸоǰת·ڣʿǵٻ֣ҲŬȿʲôˣ鷳Ҫ˺Ҳã˶࣬ҹ˼ˣǾȳɡ
ԻʱŵסֱۣУҪһ𣡲㶪ҡ
һԵ𻪿ܣǺ޵Ի֣лһҪˣ
ͣһɲٵĽ·ȴǱƼɲԭīȫһɫװˡһſѳ¡֪ϷˣŲæ֪ǰͷʲô£ȥ
ʲôˡѽҪһ³ͿιܼұƵһߡֻͷһָǣѾСǷǮʲôʱ򻹣ˡ
װȰܵģȥ磬̣ǲкǡ
ͬһ߿𻪣ȥģᡣֵϡһӵϣ𻪻ͷ㣬ɫ¶һ˿⣬Щ˿ظˣܷŵģѾһзˡ
ԻҲЩţϾΪǳЩ㶣ΪоһԼƿصĵҵۣ֮֮ȴԼϣںϡ
Ҳ𣿿ֲľ˵磬ҵ֮𣿡ЩͷԣͬʱҲܺ档вѾͽֽסͷ󺺵һȭͫһסȭͷŷ֣ǰǿ
㵭ʵʿϷõǲ֮鷳
ͬʱסһʿ˵׷֪ģִ֮Яˣʧ㣬һޱǿĸֻ֣ߣ㲻ʽʿƽʱȵĶ࣬ûĽӴ㣬ʶûϳһ֪ˡ
ͷĴ΢һɣϵӴˣʹ亹ֱæϴˣھߡһ֣ǺЦϴȷ˭ģ
һ䣬Цݣо쬵ģĻԼ˭ָʹԼ鷳ˡ󺺲ԥ̵תͷֽ𻪣ݺݵ˵ǣǷӵǮʲôʱ򻹣˵գһų𻪵ȥҲѧ
̵ĺǣǷծǮ칫壡
ôõĳǮ
㹷ȡ
𻪣˶أһĥ֮ѾǱˣҲˣڰֵǷǮ
󺺸ϽЦǺǻش𣺡࣬һ顣
ʣµǮһѣͷɣŵһëǮɢǮˡ
㶪һëǮ˶ƨƨߵӭлȻˡ𻪱ð𻨣ȫ֪ʲô£ԼʮôԼˣһëǮʹˣⲻܡ
оһº۵ҵ֮Ũˣֻޱ֣֮Ӧƽ٣жѣɹѾ͵õǵʲô˰ѵүѾ಻סҪԼ鷳
׵εϴˣҿɲǷǮˣͷʲôåС
ۣԻǺ׵ڱ⣬̲סЦˡʮְգһӢ۾εǷͷϡ
ȵȣʮֻɵĿ㣬ôô
ˣģΪˣĵιܼҵЩֻûأҾ˵ô˵仰ЩͰìͷתҡһСӸһļıҲ˵ιܼҵЩֻû
ܼңҵǲǻûһɸղǸġ
ιܼҲΣԷҲѰԼѾ֪Էʲôʱү⸱ģιֻܼܸ͵пܡ
𻪼ΪģԸιܼҵڸһ·ֶƢģǻû
õģү
ӿʼ··Խƣ͸оҵ֮۵Խ࣬Խǻۣﵽһ̶ȣҪ췣磬ҪƽٶѣҲȥɱˣڵ㲻֪Ҫô죿Ѳ콵һ׷ԼĿǰΪѳܰ
һ벻ףΪʲôҵ֮𽥻ۣǸղŵʿ˵˴ġѵ︽ʲôرĴ𣿡
ȻԺһرɳŵˡҪܣҵĲƷ
ιܼҲΣԷҲѰԼѾ֪Էʲôʱү⸱ģιֻܼܸ͵пܡ
𻪼ΪģԸιܼҵڸһ·ֶƢģǻû
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һ벻ףΪʲôҵ֮𽥻ۣǸղŵʿ˵˴ġѵ︽ʲôرĴ𣿡
ȻԺһرɳŵˡҪܣҵĲƷ


2126 ƽ
Ժ֮ͻȻһرɳƵ߶ȽԷͷСȻһͻƵԼʶ֮УƺԼĲƷѲɣԷʲô˵ޣ
ſʶܶûзκοԵڲϵĻҵ֮ͻȻ䣬оԼʮΣգڽˡָоʮ֣ʱڳϣûʲôвȴ׹ԨǸоΣգһεУڵԼʺҪߣѾˡ
ΪԵʣ㷢ԼȰ˽ѵָѵϵһǽʮΡʻżȻүһȥ㼱æͣһʵʲô£
ʦԻȥҲ֪Ǳĵַѣ̲סȥ棬Һܿ͵ġġ˵Իһ񣬺߱Ҳȥ³ѸٹţԻ
ȻǲŹᣡ̷ԸܼңȻȥɣҲҺܾˣõȡԻʮΣֻĿһȥ
ܿͱү˸ˣڴڰ¡Цԭү찤һţû𣿡
ߣǿһʲô첻Ϊоҵۣ֮ʱսˡǸ߱Ȼ룬Ҳô󡣡үһӣʼ磬ֻյϢиǸѾ·ˣٺ٣Ҳúõȥ
һȣǰ棬СӣһȾﲻ𣿡
üصˡʶ֮˵ѾˣҲСүͷƾ㱾죿ⲻŰֻΪԷָΪĲƷ
ƺ֪ܶడ
ҵȻ֪ܶˣҲġүĳ˵ҲһʱˣΪƽԵʣΪһֱ޷ָȻҲңҼһЩԶķ緢һЩϢ˵ѾҵҪҵˣ׼ȥ
ڵȻ󡭡Ķͷͻ˹ɱ㣬ֹ㡣ʵǴĶͷָԭΪ
žžžүƵ˴򽻵סܸ֪߱ȵĻͲô鷳ˡ
ȷһʰЩƽأ˵˱˵Ŀʳ
һģƽѾûôˣ޴ڣκΥ־˵Ҵܣƽʱ϶˲ٵˣ𽥻ָҲΪǻᡣүתȥӻֵҲĽ룬ٺ٣˵һῴ㱻ɵҲʡȴҲ鷳
Ҳȥ˿ڲ࣬ܶ඼ѾǨȥˡһСɽүĿĵؾ
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ͻȻݴǱһɳɳʶһɨȴʲôû֣оڰļһＫпڵصðèСǸҿĴȥ뿴ûʲôԷġ
ѪȻû͸˸ãô߲Զ
ү߹үˣôҳ
һ֣Ҳ֪ʲôͷүһƺСɽܶʱǸɳƵëͷСӣ˺һ룬ɱ̽ȡ
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ߣֻһ򣬺ܿ죬ǻиƽ껣Żȥ硣Ϊе³𡣡
һֱڸоԷڸ껹˵ʮױ¶λõģʶŵ˼£Ȼ㿴һʯͷʱ򷢳һ̳֣մһȭ
䣡ʯͷѿ
һԡѪ¥ļһ¡˾ȵĿ㣬һĬԵˮ޵ñ¡ȴǲмߵĹʺˡ
ȴֿˣЦǺǵĴƣԭļԺүû뵽ǰȻٻǺֵɱļֵ
껵ĿЦүɫЩˣʱֻжȾʵһЩʱָܻȾɱǰСë練ơүŭ㣬ҵˣ
ҡͷҵġҴҳӵġ
ϻ˵ѾӲˣǾĽ֣һȾһȾҪɱҲ׵£үָ£ָŰҡΣ߶ʱһƣ׵磬㰵һֱӲװ
žһľףղվλѾǱҿһС
껵㣬ϣԲӦȻԸˡ
㲻صذ˵İɣ欵ٺټЦҲشĻѾȥүȻߣУ껶һȭ͸оʮֳ͵ˮΧһߣʵǸǲǴһ㣿ǵƽʱҲҿôĿ𣿡
ˮصʱˣûƽĻԽԽãǵʱƽµĿӶһ󣬲С
һˣʡ
СӣͦϸĵģϧѾˡͻأģǰͷүĲԵϣһͬãԡѪĹͷçֳһȣֱӴӲбŴ̳껵ֱ֮ϣ
࣬һͷѵͬʱ껱ȴɣֱֻѾ̧
ߴߴٺ١үôûأ껣˵㡣ҿɲһġ
ˮ羪֣׷˹ȥ껣ùͷçٽһǹͷçҲǼأʵȴǸ㲻£ˣ״̬϶õˣ͵ϮҲɱ껡
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үȻһ̯ðŨصҵ֮ʵʻıɫ壬ֻͷϷһ𽥶·һͻȻױүҪΪһױǽףϾƽΪЩӰ죬ֻͼĽףҲֻһȾʵСֵܵסġ
㵱ϣҪȥүʩǹͷçһתһһˣ纣һĳ徢˹ˣܲ͸磬һʱͻƲˣǾһʱ̣ؼľѾȷˣ
߿һױɱ˲̼䣡
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үɫ࣬ȵͷס
ᣬٴγͷһȹ㲻㲻ӭͷһֱӰˣһţֱӽͷ߷ɣŲߵүǰոƽĿ¶ɱ


2127 ͼ
ԼĽѣɺϵĶʮֵͼĽףΪһٻָ࣬Ⱦ֮ʼϲû뵽ѵٶȾȻ֮죡ֱϲ񣬸ղŻ忪ĹͷçѾȫǶˣһ߷ɣۿǲˡ
ԼĽѣɺϵĶʮֵͼĽףΪһٻָ࣬Ⱦ֮ʼϲû뵽ѵٶȾȻ֮죡ֱϲ񣬸ղŻ忪ĹͷçѾȫǶˣһ߷ɣۿǲˡ
ͬǶȾүȻˣȴҲôöԸģŲߵүǰŪһףľ˳ȥү˫ȭǰͷӲһͷɣײһϡ
ϵѹƣѾˬүͣæӺóһᣬǰһ㲻ʲôֻǾ׳ҲаףֱĹڰ֮Уۺ͵ĹⲨܾΣգˣʱõġ
ȻһСӰӴСɽڱܶۼ⣬һϳߣǲľ𣿿Ҳ쳣¼ľһű˪Ȩȣλһֱֱ̣Ĵүĺ󱳡үҽһû뵽߻еˣүƴһžᣬۺ͵ĹһӰľˣȻǰ˽ȥ
㻹Ϊձ˵ķȻǿ֮ĩүˣȻܾȳððʧʧľ
껼æУ㣡Ǳͼֻһռ䷨Ҫô˷磬ֹôر㣬Ƿǵһʹõķ˾׷ˡһһ˹ȥǻһүѾ˱ͼ֮ڣʧȥĿ꣬㲻òһɲҪʩ淴̽һֻѪĴ֣һץס㣬ȻҪӲȥ
ȻǲӣһүֶεƤѿѪģүģűͼֱӸ㣡
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ֹ˵ѵȾҪΪȾҪɱһǧͬ֪ɽٵĻǷղүٻĽǰأ
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ĻһľľûʲôˣҲͷˣʵⷨƽ𣿡
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㳤̾һкҲл£ȻԼһǾԼҲһ㲻Լ֮ļһɵء
ľ㲻αôطôϤ㵹֪֪ôȥα磬Ȼȥ簡
ľһۣһڵʣһشĸ
ش𡣡
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ľ̾Ϣؼҵ·ôߵģҪȥ磬ͬҪƽ磬ûʵǰ첻ģα磬ʱҲȷǸҲǴӹ֮зĲ鿴Ҳ֪ôȥˣܷЧ֮ڣȵԱޱ޼ʵģ˺ܶƽ˻кܶǵĺᣬһ൱Ķġ
үʬףȥһһҹ¶ޣûһ̵ĵطƽԭѾư˾סĳǳءÿÿϢʱͻﲻҪֻǸ֮
֮ȴЩµͷ벻ͨ
㲻ҪŬֻҪŬɱ˾ܱǿ
ʵϲɱˡһЩ޲ˡ
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ľоԷʵǿʱһڵĵطֲ̫࣬ˡ
һȺĴ󺺣ǻɫ㿴óЩ˶ǾĴڣͷһۺ˵һλȾǰһòĹǰȥһ˵׼ˡ
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۴󺺲мļЦװСӣ˵³Ҫ˵˰ɡľַʧæţҵӣҪҲȥġ
ɲùҲһǸȾʵ֮ǿһ޵еģ¿ƺ˵ģԹɷģϴˣ뿪Ҳ١
ֻʱи˵ǡ
ľ㣬£ҵı˪ȨѾָһԪȥҲʮΣգЩǳأǰȫġľţҲӡ۴󺺶һۣӶԷпʮŨصɱ⡣
۴󺺲мļЦװСӣ˵³Ҫ˵˰ɡľַʧæţҵӣҪҲȥġ
ɲùҲһǸȾʵ֮ǿһ޵еģ¿ƺ˵ģԹɷģϴˣ뿪Ҳ١
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ľ㣬£ҵı˪ȨѾָһԪȥҲʮΣգЩǳأǰȫġľţҲӡ۴󺺶һۣӶԷпʮŨصɱ⡣


2128 
ľһȺ֪ʿǰһСľ˵һ࣬԰ȫ˺ܶ࣬Сڸ߸ߵľһģһͷʨͷ񣬽СҪһĶ˲ŷ֣ЩҪСһͷҵ֮һС򣬾ͻСͳߵıӻȻһӻҪԼҲҪ꣬ǶȻұӻġ
㰵﷭ԴӺҵ֮Ȼɹˣһȴܸоҵ֮˵ĸоɷֲǻɱүϵõġо죬磬Ȼ˳תʮ׵գѵȻһرĵ
ۺƺСͳʱֱ룬ҪЩʿҪԼӱϵõҵ֮ڽСʱָоԼҵ֮ڻۣһִͷĸоͷʶĿۺԼƺ͵ۺû㡣
۲һСʮ䣬ûһ㷱ٵӣһЩ·ĵҲûУϢĿջ¥Ҳࡣľһ磬ÿ˶ǽѵߣÿÿʱỵ̈пѣ˾ͱǿʱȻǿҲή٣Σձƽߣ취ӦҲаûʲôÿ춼򵶿ڹӡֻһЩӴĳǳزܿõ١
ʲôҲûųﶼһȺŬɱˣԱ˵ѪΪԼŵǿߣÿһĺ֮ܶʱ򣬶Ǳűǿɱ¾
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һԭղŵĲԤоȻ
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ۺҲ翴㲻ˬˣȻʲôڣĲˬ磬һȷɱɡȷҪɱһͬ˾ͻˡ
ۺһУһѶִУ淺һѪɫâƽѵСˣǶ鱦ƺ޵ı
٣۴󺺰һԾѸ͵ĳκεĻζһӴѹʹƶһƶȻǼΪŶ۴󺺵ƣƵ£粽ơ
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㼸ڵϣۺߵӵȥӰѪꡣ
ৣһɨһѪӰȥֱһ˪ͼȴǷѪӰ֮о˶˺ܶࡣ
һɷߴЦ㷢͸ǸѪþȻվԼһ̧㷢ԼҲĶ̧㼫֮£ǿָĿȨǶжѾ˼ˣ
ۺν⵶Ӱÿɱһˣǿһ֣һ壬ͻ˱ܰ˱ľżһơҲ˵һƣҲڵˡ
㼸޷ѣȴǼۺ񵶳˹Ѿʮɵһɫĵâϡһ˹֮涼ùѿеļҾ߶ɣΨƽһ˿Ӱ졣
֮䣬Ҳ˵ôˣٻ̨֮ϣӿ˳ҧһźɫӣ˶ۺǿһ
䣡͵âײһʼһ£ǺܿĶۺĻӰĵâ𽥱գҲ𽥱󣬲ĳŶۺȥ
٣ȣۺǽӶ˦ǿȴͽͣĽΪ˺ĲƷֲ׵ʱ򣬺Ѿǰһƣֶѹöۺ޴ӣܡײһ
¥ˣƽһȴǰеıը˾ֲķΧ޷ܱߡ
ڱըһ̣оһᣬѪҲʧˡƽƽ˵ˣҵ֮͹ˣж֤ͣЩͣҸһᡣСҶס
νʼ磺һǴСļҶ
ƽĵͷһ۶ۺͬ飺ʲôûһظ֨һȾ̫ǿˣһٸҲǶ֡


2129 ʲô
㿴˶ۺһۣϸֳɫҵ֮ƽȾʵնȾ۷Ķۺҵ֮൱ھţһëȻ˹㳤һȻûΪһɹˡ
ֻһֳ˼ԼȻĽѵôԼ֮κͺͽѵأһ˶ѵ·ÿһ˶Ǳ˽һ㣬ѵˣֻ·ѡ񣬾޵·ֱѵŪǵͬڰԼҲ鷳֮С
֮ܰѽѵôԼƿˣǱĻҵ֮ƿؽѣǱԼƿء
˽£ֱŪ˸ӵȷνѵÿһǿ߼ɱĵһմȾҵϣ޷ԼȻ׹ѵžܵİŪˡ
Ȼֻ裬Ͼ㲻ϵһߣһнĽ˵ǸΪ˱ԼΨһǿĵλȻܶʩԼΪǿѾԽһ磬ÿһ˶ˡ
ֻǽѵҲбףδزܳһԽأһܶɽѵýѵɾ֮λ
õƽϲĳϣҲֵһ䷿䣬㿴ľ֪ľʱ£һϳðҴС֮ǰ¡
ڿͷ֮ڣһ¶˱˫ĺ㳢˼νȴʧܣٻҲͻѣԼһֱúţ᲻ܱܿѵԼӰأܱܿɾˬˣǾԼȥ鷳ôͲΣţ
ú֮ϣһʹզһΪһƷ㻻ļҶΣһǾסˣû˿õʵܼ򵥣ֻҪһʱԼٱѵˣ鷳Ǿʵ𲻹Լ̨ѵԼǷӰˡ
ҹ͵ʱҲԭҴСҼ˽Ůһֱ棬Զ˵Ĳ䣬ܴܺ޶ȵıѣϧǰվѵѣһ޸޼ҵܵͽҵɱȻˣ²ģƽϲҲûѻֱ˵СΣʱˡ
ƺǧ֮һұĵˣҶʮ˵ȾǿߣͲһһԶĵһˣѹƽġҶСǰӭԼλֻСʱһεĽȥұ
㿴óƽϼһһ㶼ľᱻϳǼðģѰ˼ѲҼҲԼŮ𣿲Щ㶼޴ӹ˼ˣѾ󴬣ҲһߵڣȻƽǻᷭˣ˵ɱɱ
һֱĬʮֺ棺˵ЩɱʿɶȾİһȾļҶôŽߵİ
С㣬ʲôѵģôСҲϼҶķΣȻҷɢӣЩ˹ҴС㣬ûǡ
޵㱣йȸ׻øһǣܴ챾Ȼ֪ж౦󣬻װһܳģʤл
㵹һϢҼҶƺұѹƽͷ˷ģֽվǰסģҶһԼŮģ֪ˣôľпΣա
ҪҼİ취ɲ࣬ҪôҶˣҪôϲԼŮˣǾľˣҧһͷһԵľ˵ֿ˿ƽͷ˵ĺ㶼õƽͷһľлݡ
ʱ̸ľҲûľ˵ĻҹʱһȺˣһ룬Źʣ˻û߽͸оһɱ¾Ϣһ֪١
ÿ˵·϶С֣С㶼Ϲƺұˡ㲢֪жǿҪƽͷҪǿΪǵĳֱ֣ƽͷһֱŵĸ׶
󡭡С㣬·ϵ鷳ѾˣڿԻȥˡ
ͷ߰ɣλҵ˽ŮԺͽдС㡣
С㣡һ
㻹ΪȥұҪôҪôǳ˸¥ŷѹһҾ޴ķɴ淫ӭҹ紵ͷһͷнߣȻڸ߿գֻҪһԾϡ
ƽͷ˵ȥұһʱ䣬ҸôС㣬סҶκβء
ЩЦãܲԼľ˯һ䷿ɣһֱľķ䣬ľЩŭת㻹ҪʲôʱҲʱȥԼķ˰ɣ
С㣬ҿҶȥҾȥһɫ˵ɰľˣĵʲôɣʲôҪҪ˵ںΣհ
ľսߣһЩװϼҲҪ˵
û취ֻܼſˡԭ㻹Ϊұ·;ܰȫʵ뷨ˡ
ûȵľİҹĻʱ⣬ҵĶͷǣЩ˲ʶǴ˿ҵĴϣȴǲòԡ
衫衫ţһĽͬһڿи߷еĴѾ˽ĺŽǣһ޹оԴЩѣЩŽǺ޹Ȼǵƻ˵񣬺ΪȻͣǾȴǺܸߣûбƻ󵽣ֻһЩӦߣܿ˷ڣܿһ㵴Ĳơ
ľɫ˯ȹŵĳ˳ʣʲôˣ
Ƥһüһ㻹˼˯ȹͦÿİؿ¶һƬѩףһ˫ֱҲ˿ź۰ףɢҵ㷢ں󱳣Ӵһ㡣ľ㷢㶵ĿԼ糺죬Ц֪ССɣ
ľŬŬ죬ʾٿȥҪˣεƺҵĶͷҿ洬ϵĶûаļû̲֪ܷã
㿴˿󴦵ĺ𣬴˿оһ˿ΣգѵѺֳѵӰ죿ʵǷоҵڻۣͷ
ľҡҡͷ⣬һʱ˵֮ҲܽѵӰ졣ôҲӰ죿ľ˵һᣬ𾪵ʵôܲӰ죿磬ÿ˶롭ȻǱƲѵ
׸ۣ㲻ҲûͲ׼ҲУ㵽Ҫ˯ȹãٹһǵĿҪˣѲҪɫǣ
ȥɫաľߵطȥ̾˿˿Ϊûָӹһأ


2130 Ѳ
ұоѾͷǰļװϣһɫأʵԷʲôͷ֪ҵĻôôֱ
С㣬沢ûģұĵˣԼҵˡһҶصƺбǵһȻһǴŶǻҪԿС㣬С㣬ɼ˻߰ɡ
ɫأǲû뵽̫ͻȻˣ١ȫѵܲ𣿡
С㣬ǵѾڸղŵ͵Ϯ𣬲ӵù׷ǾҶ˵ţһҵĳҡ֮ϵıҲ޹⡣ֻһЦһ̵ɱһ
ɫصĿЩ˹ʿǶǿԼֻǸطߣѻʯ⿴Щ˵ƣƺ۷ʱڵԼ˿ѷɫ
ৣһӰĵնҹĴһǵĳӣ۶նˣ˾ʮһȾǿߣû취Ըʱ˿̣ЩҵļҶһɢˣڴӮĶǰʲôҶζ֮Ժûٹ˼СλС㣬ӹǰ˴νѲ֮
׹ЩɱĸǶѰʺԼĶֻ֣жȾС˵Ǵ󲹣ҪһΪѺ֮УǷ㲢ûҵֻ֪֮ǸȾСʿѡ
ЩҵļҶɶʮȾͬ˵ɾǴˣ
һ䵽˵£ҵľһľ֣ӣľıӰһжʱ򣬴ҶɢӣԼӵʱ򻹷ҶС㣬ú
㡭
С㡭һԥѸٽӡʩչһ״̬ʱ࣬Ҳٵĸ㾹ȻƵĵ㲻𣿡
Ȼˣֵ˻ģҶ׷޵ɱ¾
һӣûӵ̫ãһ׵ʿ׷Ʈݣһ֣˶һǿľ紵
ʿ̵ֿ죬¶ҵλС㣬ǺܸȤҪôǲú£ҲɱģͱˣСҶ˵գֻ̧ʳָʳָһʵʵѪ⣬Ŀš
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬֮ϵĺԣ໵ȥúѪɫĹˡǺǿ֮գȻΪѪɱ̫󣬶ʹһ󣬵ʿ׺ʲô˫ַӡԸӴ˹ֱӶͷɫľˣ𽥱󣬱𽥱ٶȱ˹ȥ
䣡ֱ˹ȥ
ûаǸʿˣ˶Ҿ޴Ľںҹ൱ҫĿ˲ÿΣܷһˣںȻ֮󣬴Ůٿ񱼡ʵǸ˵ģΪѾ֤ʵѺųܳװѽѵ֮ڣĽ
˼ߵٶȼ죬󲿷ֶ׷ɱЩҶȡǵҵ֮ʶʮ˵ֻصһʼǸСλ˾ͲĿŵˡ
ǰŸոյСڣ̾ͿһϮұķɴһӴʶѹСǿҲĵȾʿСڵһֲ̿û˸оҵ֮ڻۣ֪βʲôΣա
˸ţÿһվãвӣɱ⡣
ʱҵĴڵϣЩԴҡҿӴ˽٣ӲŮΣհС㣬ΪѵҲǱضģڤڤлǻһģǲܷϣ
ʲôϣܸоͷˣҲʮȾߣǲȥĻ϶ᱻ֣ȥĻ϶ҪﻹʲôϣЪ˹ĴУ㣺ʲô취ղ𣿴ˣͷԿء
㿴磬毺õݹһۣ㣬ȥһתǳλСģɣҰҵҵ֮ȫ׳СһͻȾСͻƶȾϾԻǣȻһ취СһһЩǵע
Ŀ㣬૵Ը⹱׳ҵ֮ϽѵĻǲصǰģǶԵȵĽѡԺô죿
С㲻Ҫô࣬ӹ˽˵ЦҪӹ˽٣ܸܲһЩأҿС
Ŭźһûɹӹһأ㵹ǿʼҪˣҶҴӦ㣬ܰȫ뿪ҪʲôҶӦ㣬㡣
˵ȴܱоҵ֮У涼Ǽ为ĸоɱ¾ߵȵȣľȡ˪ȨȰҵ֮ˣΪ˲˵˶Ⱦ֮ҲȾҲҿٴ֮ǰѾͻƣȻҵ֮ǲͻƵģҲˡ
ȻΪûнͣȻУһ޾ļһԼ֪ԭͲֹΪΪūԵѵ˹ϵƾѵָԭΪоҵ֮۵ĳ̶ȣʵǺŵġˡ
˵һʧûУ
С֮ǰŮصػһװĨ˺ܶ಻ɾۡС˲࣬ȥ֮ϣ˶־ѿȾʿûǲûбעνʮ˳Ķ㿪Ѳ顣
㾪ľǣľԼһվ˺޾Ķ֮УԼҵ֮İľƤĳͷȥȾ˶Ѳϵġ
ôѾ罵͵ģ
ľһ˿ԥҪҪԼܸأľԥһ˵㲻˵ˣҲǿ㡣ľ죺֪Ϊεˡ
ǹұ𣿡һߵӣԭôİľиףΪεѵֻǸ𣿡
ǳ֮⣬ʲôεģ
ľһ룬Ƿֵȷ˵ģʱɴ಻ˣɫЩǿûҵҵλС㣬㼯һͰѺ˵ĳȥ
Щ˲ͷʱ£巢ɽ⣬ɢһ˲󣬾ղС֮ǰһಣӰ˹ȥԶҵõΪͻһˡ
Ǽ˻ʱǺջ
ûҵѾˡ
ڴһŭ⣺һȾһһȾСŮ˶ҲҪǺã׷׷ڵ߶׷
ЩǿɢȥҲл᷵СˣǶʱڶˣܽܳҲСһͷĲݴԶѺٻթЦЦСֶξȻӹһ٣ֵҡ
㸧źצ֮ŵҵ֮ΪɹεĽѶǿЩǲյˣܽðԼͻԭľ硣
㣡ӹһٵ޹˼ɵĸһӵپһжСߴɿ֣ӵǽģЩļҶҪˣ𣬲ǽҶҲҵҶŶ


2131 ǵĴ
㣬С·ý
С㣬Ҳѽ
ʲôҵģһҶʲô˹ҲǲŪŴľͰˮȴԭ˶ɹΣ֮Ů֪ҵ·ȻҵϰģŰϴɾⲻǰһ׸ɾͨ¸ȥ
ǸᰡεεŮһԡͰԼȥҪиʲôʧԼ˲ÿģҪԼοô죿ƿţŮˮ
㣬ǵùŶҪǱ˽ˣҪΪʡóʮֺãŮʱЦĵĴԴľܵһƺʮֲ֣ںľľȻŬƺͽ͵ģձͨ졣
ȿȣλС㣬ǵ·Ѿˡݺݵ˼ֳۣŮĻعͷʱѸٵĵͷ绩һվ㣬̧ͷŶ̧ͷɾ군ˡ
ľæأҪʶ͵ô죿
ѽʲôΪûˡŵеҵ֮Ϊ˵վ㼱æʶĵ̫̼ˣⱲֵˣСȻǸ׻ǻûһë
ͨ죬ղһûסͷʶ𣬿Ǵ˿ͷŵ£ȴǼܼɵ˹ܿʪĽѾˮһء
Դ㣬Ҷִ
Щգްʱ洫һƺдŭɱŮٵĴһ뿪Щȥǳŷʵˣǿջķͷִڻɱѡ
ֻһ¥Ѿƻ߰˰ˣһԡѪ˱ͬʿΧʵǸһǲְ
еһϴвѶҲûʹá
ͷЦûʲôϵǵˣҲͰˡϴֳΧ۵ʿ˵λֵܺһ˽£һǣǱֵһĹãȵǣ˵ȥϣҲҪ֡
ڳ˴ǶȾҪĻȴδشùҶԷͬЭΧ۵ʿ̥ԴҶ֪ǶǱȻᱻԼãοһǶѣðգʶһĬΧۣʵҲûټ
Ǹۼ⣬һۿװ磬ΪģֻΪ˿̵ȾΪѶһȴҲ£ΪվһģӦһˡЦȥб¾ȥ
һɫѿˣǶȾĶ֣һӵˣȾǿߣѶˣȻҲӣΣֻ÷ǡǰһ˿
罾üëȻҵǣæС㣬˰ɣڻȽΣءȻ˵Ҿ㣬ˣǾ͸ɣҲҽʹ͡
ЦЦƽ׵˸ö
ιʹ㶫ôлѽ粻˵ĲСһˬӣȻЦǶлСʹͣһӶţĹȥ
ٺ٣ǻ࣬ҶС㣬ôѽ
صԼķ䣬Ѱ򿪣ʮֺ취Ķ𿪰һֱ۴СѩɫӨ񣬸оκҲûбҵ֮Ͼ
Ҳ֪δָصϲŪؼоƺЩҪڻĸо͵ĿǣǷԼָŪ˽ȥ
㼱æָ˳ʮ⣬ֹôǻԶڻģ
ΪûҵϵıϢ˵Ǵģ׵ڻͻأģľȻĳ㷿֮ڣ㾪С㣬ҹҷʲôҿɸ㣬ҿɲˡ
ľĵһۣѾָһЩΪˣȵҪˣ൱ĵȾʿˣҪϢĽǺ׵ġ
ðɣڴСǰҲҪκ˽Сܸܲأҿʲô㿴ˡ
ƶ죡ľָϵǿǵʵǱ˵ҵ֮ȾͬƱʿϱǿǿǳɳͷ֮ǿ
㡭ûнѵӡľȻıƽ㣬һ˫鶢㣬߶ѹµˡĿбӣľµһ˫ظϵЩ
ľƺûз㲻ֵ񣬼ʵӦùǵĴȣԽ߶ԽаŶ
ϲʵǹڻָΪ𣿡
˵ǾȻغԼΪָʮָˣæľ̡ľС죺ҲǲԣǸʲôôľһթЦţҡСָ
˵ҲûϵԼо
ҪоŹأߣҵŶľ˵գ뿪˷䣬㻹治ˣɲΪʲôѵģԼ߳ô꣬ݺλ棬ôн⣿
㳢ǣǲЧֻǱԼڻȴûκܱյļ󣬶һ֣ôǾͻָԭ״ĥ˺ܾãǾƤôŪá
Щ߳䣬ȴǿľڹվţһԼڵģľҲҪһ㣬Ϊ̫ˣѵûһЩֻͷۻ߽˵ľ൱˽⣬ãʶҪһһ˭ô˸߸ϵĸоôһԼľ;øˡ
ľĹȻǱһˮˣ㻹îˣҿֻǳ߶ѡˣǸ𣿡
֪Ǹղſʼһֱƽ˾ǸӦ˰ɡʲô
ȻԼ뷨˫ûˣҪôǸˣҪôץ֮ı߼ƻǣôԼΣˣУ֪ԼһûΪͨˡǲ֪ʵΪҲжȾҲܴùôͬġ
磿ɲָΣԼҪָ˾㣿ǲܵģȻһԺ˭Ҳ˵׼Ҫʲô鷳أϤǸпûбɱʱȥ׷һ
С˶ûʲôֻһЩûΪ˴»ʵҪôܽѣҪôʵҪôұ鷳Ͼ磬ɱΪġ
СС·֮ϣܿ͸оһɲȻߣԼˣС˼·㶼û˦ˣĵԷС൱ϤҲпǼһڸҡʱû˽ѵԼʲôʱ鷳Ҳǲ岻ϰˡ
ֻո˵󣬲˶ýѵ»صԼ֮ڣʵ㲢֪ΪȡԷҵ֮ģ٣ԼԼ֮У˰š
С򲢲ϤԭΪ߹հת˦ٵˣڷǵû˦Լ뱻·ˣǰһͬ΢ĽŲ𽥶Է˲ֹһ


2132 Χɱ
ջͷ̳ǰڿջ׷ɱˣǵıһ·׷һ㣬֪ôƺ
ߣƾ㲻ǵţҿԸ㣬ŷħԡħԲû׵ı㼤ŭмˬģͰǿǽҿǸȾСӰѶġ㲻ô³ֻ
˵꣬ĸСһӵϣΧסΪֻǸͨˣͨ˸ҡǾЩˣ᲻ʶʮֽΪ죬ʱпСʹ괬
ΧСԣòǣУ֪ԼһƽˣÿһԼˣٴеӡαװʧȥһЩá
ħͷΣ壬ܲ
Ϊ֪Ҫһǣɱҵġ
ȻҪֻҪһ㹻ˡֽʲôĶԷϵħĿš˻ǰ֣֪˼ɣǹ˼ʲôأѵǹ˼ԼԮ֣δҲ̫С˵㡣
ôֻᱻƵ𣿡붨Уǽˣûһ˻˵ݣвЦóħԲˣһ˹ȥžһȭͷ紵ɢˡ
û뵽ǷħԴνţܴʱأħһȭ̶ˣǶãѸ͵ĲͷͶ㿪˷ħԵȭ
һһ˷ħԵС
䣡ħ˶˳ȥײһǽ֮ϡѾˡͻȻ˶ˣΪٶȺܿ죬ǿǿˣѾֹˣֱħԱ˲ŷӦһȥҪƷ㡣
ϵ˵ķˣ㲻ŲæƵ󱳾ǽˣܽˡҿͬʱӭУ˸γһ׵绤֣βƵϣ˵ĵȫȻʧЧͬʱǻо׵ֱ۶顣
Саţûҵ֮ΪܺǴƽ֣
СףöԸ
˸ָ֣ɫͬʱһߣѵаҲ֣ħԲǱԻ˳ƸɵԱ߻ûʲôˣͬʱʲô͵Ϯ⻰ǿţôһˣ˿϶ǽһĹ˷Է˶ǶȾԼΪ൱ɲɵӣʱڻֵܵʱ䳤ͳ
ȾܣֻҪصջǾͲҼˡҲ֪ԼΣաȴûмææص˿ջһȦ·֮۷ȥǸȽƫƧСҲ࣬ʶٻȥʱҲûʲôˡ
ϴ㶼˳ˣɱǡ
԰ϴƵͻƣдһȫǾȡֵܹǲ塣
͵ħԱĸСΧǽߣûֻ˶ѣϾʱҲһɱҪӦˡħԭĹĸСƺѾѱˣ⡣
ħŭЦãܺãҾ֪ĸ¹ޣҽˣɱҡ
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С˹ϾܾˣּܲסԱص졣ԶԶĿˣһ֮ھһеķ
ɣҩǸȥڵĵطرĵطǾͰһתҩ㡣
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һСǱˮУˮ̽飬ûһȷһͭţôҲ򲻿ƺˡ
ûбҪһЩСţ˺ܴˡħЦЦѵҪңҲֹǵģһת鵤㹻вǡ
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ħԽӹҩϸŸҷ£ޱϲǸͭʵҪĸܴ򿪡˭Ե޹ʵȥأҪһƭֲɡĸСҲѡõģֻҪȴԼΪǿһЩͻƭϧ첻ԸħԻˣˣƻòǰ
Ҳ̰ģסջ󣬳ŷħˣڣħԵ˽ҩװĵ˵ͭǲ˷ֱסȻҵ֮䣬ܴͭˡȿȡȻһЩҿɲˡ
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2133 
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㼱æס磬¾Żعͷû뵽ĥ󵨣ȻסԼָ֣ǰͷ˵㿴в˻ˮƣĸš
о֣ԾȻ֪ڵԼȴȻЩӦæ֪ˣſҡĵϸ֣
Щɬƽʱֵģһ㵱۰㣬ʵʮϸãֻȹм±֣졣ܿ͸ƽĸʿѾȥˡ
һĲǷħԣ㰵ȣӦñħ׷ɱôأ󻹸ĸʿһΪѾȾѾɾԵв
ħԱ˳Ⱦǿ߶ڵϣЦϴҲн찡
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ľãģ˵ĲƲƲ죬ôˣȻһûΪļҶȻȹԼ˵ǲڶƴӰɣ˭ӣ
ýͣǸһǴӺģô˵ǲǻȸԼѣΪǲŶֵԭԼˣʹԼΪûб֣ܰȫ
С㣬ǸǿɾҪ鷳ˡ罾ͦͦأҲŲءҿ鱦ģ
ǸϴߵĹľƺҪֽɱħԷһת鵤ƻָڸͬĶ֣ˣȷˣʵҲ˸ϴű¶ˡ
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һľľ룬㿴ͻȻ󱳲֪϶йŹˣæ֣˳ȥٶȿȣֱ÷򳤳һӭƲ֪ԼһֱװǴش
ľֱӵľ˪Ȩȣ溮ҫһң̽˺һ˪ʧɫǹģ
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ȻϴıȽ϶
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ϴ֪ͭĸǵ֮ڴˣϴˣһͷУﻹ֪ʲô£׷׸֮ڣ˭Ҳսˡ


2134 ǵ
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ȴżЩʱеõĲرͼصδؾǱذ㲻ûʲôصĵطءбҲԲô׵õɣüͷȻ־ȵĿ㣺㣬㲻ûΪôղţ
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ǸΪǿһ˶ԸˣҪǴЭɡȰˣҪֹûͭź档
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ϧ㲢ʲôӣһ໵ĴУ˳򳤴ʧɫͷɫľǰֳͷ
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ľ֣ҪҪء
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㻹ǲģڵȰʱ£ǿϵǸժǳɫҪܶ࣡һӾӨӸУǻ𽥵ڻˡ֪Լûҵ֮޽ѵǼױԼڻ
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εģǸղ˹ĻɫӰʲôһ죬ΧǣһЩڰգҫͨ
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ȻԷĿԼôҲӱܣղ͵ϮûаԼ㶨Ҳ̫£ƽϢϲ˵ıף޴󣬿ֻȶԷٴ˹һ˲䣬˽
࣬һĭоɱԷҲɱģҲ֪ͼԼʲôѵһһƶ󱳽ʯĵȴ


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ͦǻ۵ļһһ󣬶ԷȻ֣湻סҲٵˣױͷţ׹֮ڣǸεļһȻ
Ȼ㿴ԼֱߵһʯԣǼһﱻ׵¶ΣȻһãҹӨ͸һ㣬ñ㷢֮󣬽˵ֻжȾʵΪͷųǿĵ
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ĹѨ㲻ɵȻʧЦϴĲرͼȻǱ˵ĹѨҹڣûгڡ
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Цˣ񷶥Ľƣоܿɰ˿ûһвڰǾǼȣḷ̌ûз͸ͲٴˣԽ׻Цóˣߡ
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׭һĴʹӿѹǿ
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ռһ·ûɴ·ĵɽáһξ룬㷢˴ʬǣ󲿷ֶ˵ĹͷӦЩƭѰˡ
ʱ㿪ʼطжǼȣҲʼЩˣǱȽϺãҪΪȽϸߵĻǿɾ鷳ˡ˼ûǾҵ뿪İ취ȽϺá
һضȣȻǰһΪɫˣǰԱ֮£ȫǲͬķ񣬱ɽһļªǰȴ繬һĺǽϻģȻӲֵǮǻֳĺ
ϻһЩƾߣȻòʲô־оɣܿһȽϿĵطȥоһϰ䳡שƽĵذ壬񷶥źܶ⣬߰ڷУһЩ磬󲿷ʿǴһʿΪϱǿķ߰ڷŵȴһ鱦
˳һѷɽ滹˿˿궯ϢʺԼףһ𱬷ĻӦʹԼ˺һ㡣֪֮Уͽʿÿ˵޵ķˣһûУǱƴԵ
ѹһǾԵѹƣҲ޷ֲҶҵ֮ҲûֶΣŻôֵ󡣿һٲִ½ģԭΪǿͨҲܶ࣬ͬԸһʿкơ
οͨһ󣬺Ǽ֮ΪȾΪһֱûеˣʵѾȾҪǿһЩˣױˡ
㳡ǿУȴһ̻Ի͵ĳ￴Ӱ˶ԶԶľײ֮㼱æܹȥ˾ȻľĶ־ȻǼһ
ĵҲһ뵽һ㣬ϳˣҪ׷ľߵ״̬ƺ̫ãһס㣬Ҫ׷ˣҡжˡ
ʧɫʲô㸩ľظղǸĹ㳡طʲô͵ϮҲ緢֡ľƽڵϣŲԼ޳ȣ㿴ڲϥһЩѪ
Ǹελð
ľǸһͷСߣ涾ޱȣұҧ֮󣬰Ӿ͸оܲסˡֹѲ廹ܿɣƵѶ㲻Ұɣ
ľߺ죬뵱ԼƳڹƳʱʱҲޱȵ컣վ֣ȴǲͬˣҪǸطôУľ֪ԽԽˡ
㻵Цľӣģһҽߣֻвˣκ˶ûԱ֣֮ǸеģҲһⶾľǸһ˵ܽܣƫƫЦٺٵģһ㶮ñ顣ľԽˣܸоҪַԼ
ǼϲòȥԼҪˣľ֪Լʣٶ֣ȻΪˣΪûлָıǲġû뵽һͷͨĶߣҧһڣ̶̰ӾͿʼղҪ㼰ʱϵԼ˵Ǳɡ
ʵˣСûиһ𣿡
ͭŲãҲ֪ǵͣͬλõģҸҲʧɢˡ
㵽ҪѽҪҸⶾֳ˻⣬ľղŵעתƣûôˣɬĵͷҲûа취ʲôõͷ
ôвõͷأ򿪰һӡۣɫĶѾʼˡ
ҲΪľԵʣЩأҪѰˣˡľͨ죬ָӵģҪǱˣһȨȴȥˣǰУΪȻרעûһ˿ƺڵԼһԼץƳʱһ̬顣
ͷŰͷµ㣬ľҪžͶš
ޣȻ̧ͷһڶѪ죬о촽Щ飬Լʩչһ룬һöûУⶾʮ⡣㰴סΪŶľüҶ˿ڡ
Һò׵رҲ׵رԡľʣĶҲоʱƣľоöˡֻЩǸĿһ˫㡣Ҫе˼ֻЩ飬һʱͺˡ
ľȹӰãľνСȣǺÿľ㣬л㣬־ҡҶ֪ô㡣
㻵Ц촽ģһڣͺˡ㱾ǿЦľȴĵǲϲأҵ׹ҵӣǶҸֲ˼˵Ҹ𣿡
ҪҪӦأȻ˺ܲƽʱƤЦġ
УŮҪ֣Ȼҵġ
ľأ˼룬ȴ֪촽ЩظʶӣȷûκζؽԼڡȻۣľۣĿԼ
ԭأľ붨֪ôľ;ӦЦ󣬷붨ԼҲ֪ɣľţֲۣϾԼĵһˣһˣȻкøУǶԷԼûкøв֪
ľĸͷ£ǹ㡣
ĿףԶҪ崻ˡԼֻһЦƽʱҲ
ĵˣ˼ǴС㣬ǼҶСҪңܷ𣿷ԿҪСġ
ۿ׵ȳͺľˣƫƫͻȻһͱըضҡҡҡ̫ͻȻľûվãǰһΣ㡣
ľһθоӵһԡ
ػҡΣľҶţãֹͣҡΡ


2137 ʯͼ
ľԼҲȾһЩæܿҸվһˡӣС㣬ôͻȻңҺܻŵģ´ҪҵʱǵøҴһкҺ׼
쵰ŲҪ´Σľֱҧǽռ˱˻ԣԼƫƫܶʲô
㷢ָղŵʯ֮оȻһģͼڣǲһͼڣֻһͼڣȥһͷˣãо쳣ļӲóе鱦ɽııġ¡
ʯȻ̧ͷ˿񷶥ֻʯĵطбطô˵Ӧ˹ʯġϵضɽҡŻᵼʯɺϰ
ľעʯʲôرﵽι״ͼء
ͬ㿴û˰ķͼڣҳ쳣ļӲԲѰˡ֪ʲôط𣿡
ľƵҡҡͷѵǱصع㿴̻Ի͵ġ
ԼǼĶľ˵һ飬ľգþòţԼӹǣ˾ȻãһŮ˵Խܵġľ㣬һҪ뿪ʯǳȥĹؼ𣿡
Цô֪ǲǣֻǾÿɣоļֵ
о뿪һҲľȭͷһҲټ¶֮ɫʯ˹ϲ㿴֣ʶ𣿡ľæӣʯͷ룬ܽ˿㲱ӱϣġ
㲻ԳողϨоֱȼˣľԴӻָ˱֮󣬿ʶˣҲô˪Ҳøˡ͵͵ͷһ飬պǿľԲıѩ塣Ȼô
㼱æҡҡͷǲҪ̫ˣɾҪ˰
ǱȽϹϵģҺǰαԣ˼ǣع˲ıܷĵعǴΨһһ뿪ķ
ϲû뵽ľʶЩ֣һ̧ͷȴ֮ɵľظεһײľŵסأԭľַŵʯһʧȥ飬ʯһϡ
쳣ĳذֽһ
ľߵĺߵãˣԼòʲôûɣ
뿪ķʲô㼱æתƻ⣬ľһϵ˵뿪ķܼ򵥣ǰʣСʯҵɷͼڣôӡ޷˾뿪ҲҪ뿪ʱҪء
Ƶʯû룬ʲô𣿡
ûдֻʹ÷֪Լ޷뿪ˣ뿪ķӣ߰ɣǻôõ𣿡
Ҳò׼ʿһ˽潻顣ֻʯ˵Ķġ
ʯ߰ɣɽ𣿡
дռ䣬װľͳ˪Ȩȣ˸ȦһźɫӰİʯա죬û뵽ľı˪ȨȲǷǴڿռ䣬Ƿ㡣
ȻѾ֪뿪ķӣ롣ľȻʵϣ˻ǻţȻ֪Ϊʲôʡľ͵ˣôǾˣǿɲԸΪҵˣҲҴС㣬ǸƽϲϴεϮˣû֪ǵ
ľ˼ˣҲôǾ͸Ǹûһ˿һĹϵ׻ָɡ˵ᣬϣˡľдһʣԼĥ硣һ뿪ȻҪңôͻб¶һ졣
룬ҪȾ
ľ̾˿㲻Ը⶯֣Ҳֻӡ
뿪㳡һۿ߼ʵĳȣΪǼȰ͵Ϯľܲ˱˪Ҳ֪˶ãܸоҲаˣǳȻǳȣǧƪһɵľɫûκα仯·ûоͷ
㲻᲻һô߲ͷľҲһɵųúߣصһʼǸ㳡
ãٴηأʱ伸࣬Ҳ˵ﲢûʲôŹ֣ʵϵȷôһȡ㳢ȫЩǽڣȴǸоţ뺣Ӱ٣ʵڹ졣
ͨ߰ɣ⿿˫Ҳ֪Ҫ߶á
ʲôô죿
ʱ㣬ԽãԽΣյĸо㲻Ҳ±ɵһ𣿡
ľЩŵ㣬·ЩõĶڸһ㣺㣬㲻ҪŻҡϽ߰ɣϽ뿪ɣԽԽá
ܣٶȿɾͿ˺ܶ࣬һɲǽҲ𽥿ʼ˱仯䣬ɫҰһЩʪ˺ȻͣסΪǰͷд򶷵Ů˵Ľȣ˭ս
˼æȥ·ȴǱ͵ϮˣһηɽӺն˹Ϣ˲϶Ƿ򳤡Ҫ֮ǰ㻹Щ㻹أ㷴ӦҲ죬ľԼȫĳһơ
䣡һźֻһϳ΢㰵ԾȻȾҲͬ൱ǿġװ˵ӼæˣͬʱһᣬѪһѪ
ľΪ͵Ϯˣŵûʧɫ㣬㣡ôˣ
㳯ľգգۣʾԼû󰭣ȴѪȻ򳤣Ҫ̻ɱЩѶȣҪɾ裬Ϊصʱһǹľı飬ҲǴ֮ˣ̶ˣһɫ㣬ߣ
¶һЦݣǷƵѿļЦǺǺǣĪĵطСһôУǰͷǸŮҲݿսٺ٣ҲüܿǾһ𹲸ȪСӣŮ飬Ҳ޸ޱ߰
С㣬ȥȶС㣬ҵ£ҲҪ汳װһӣľǸᣬҪѣΪ˾ƴһءľͷСһ㡣
ģҲµġľһۣһ·ͷС¹ײؿڡ
ľһߣ򳤸ӷˣΪֻԼһ㶼ûаڣмԭҲȾװѹʱܵµѪħƣҲǳΪΪĵʯҵ֮Ҿ͸ǿһ֣ٺ١
ŤƽǧҧУȴǴۿǽоҪɱԼʺͻȻָ׼ȷļסƽδ˵̫ˣҾԴ̣ʲôԻ
ģָдɫףֱӰƽ۶ϣķκˣһĽͷͫĬȻһ̫ˣ㻹ûüԼӦ


2138 
ͻȻ÷򳤳һ󾪣ղűԼ͵ϮװģԼȻˣ﷭̫ˣ򵥴ֱһȭű¶ȭ֮У򳤸оԼ󱳿һѪ
Ҳ𽥱ÿնϵĺѷϵҵ֮֮ҲǱ߸ȥǵ֮㷢ԼոǸطЩƣһɽкܶʯ涼ǡ
ϴһȺǼΧǼ٣ǿս£Ѿ㺹죬òˡľҲóȻɳϺܶӡڱ仯ȻǼȲ
㷢ľڽ̻Ի͵ĳ֮ڣȻվĵطЩƾɣṳ̂ǿɽĽޡ֣ôЩǼûľ鷳أѲ
翴ľ˵ĴУҡ
ľüͷ̾˿ܼȣϾʶ˽ãҲһԵ֡ľ˵⣬ԲˣˣôܺһԵأ
һԼɹתҵ֮ƺˣľҲ̹ȻѵҲӰ졣һҲ⣬Ͼľαɽ磬ǸطһЩӱܽѵ֮أ뵽취ܽѵҲϡ档
ҲΪ˶û޽ѵԺ绥಻Ľ˰Ӱ졣˲లµĺƽ
ľ˼ǣ߰ɣˡȴĴһ˿ľִҪˣһУó˪Ȩȣ϶һ£һ˪ӣдͣľһб⣬޷ƶġվڳߣȻҲ³ԼǼȹԭ
˪һӣ㲻һǱ˪Ȩȣǰʵһȣȴ쳣ǿľ˵ȨǱƻѲ缱ٻָˣҲľʵı˪ȨкܴĹϵ
˪ӿȥεǼȶ˱˪ΣҲ¶ľʵȻĵȾ˼⣬ľΪĻָȻԼҪ죿ʵ֪ľƽȥǰΪڱ˪Ȩ֮ڣֻҪ˪ȨȻָôָܻ
ľ¶ôһ֣Ҳ㹻㣬Զʮ׵ķΧһƬ˪㵥ɽ֮ЩǼͳͳɱӡǰ󲻹һ˲ʱ䣬˵Ҳ൱
ϲֶһ٣˵ľУٺ٣һΪҪء㣬ôǿ˰
ſ˵ɱһЩ;Ǽȣ˳Ϊ
ԴǼȣ˵Щ֪ǵƺǻ۵İ㲻òԼ֪˵һ飬֮󣬷ľӼһ뵽ҪЩĴڣ
æǿ뿪㲻˵ҪʲôʯôȥңһҲٴˣ㣡Ե㲻˵Ǳ𣿡ϴĶˣԼôãǵûеõô֪һƭ֣һˣбҲҪˡ
һǿǼȣƺûпǡΪĵȾҪûиоҵϻۣʱΪҪءںˣΪˣǾ͸Ӳˡ
㰵棬ԷΪʲôɱϴأ
ʵϴûʲôøУҲʱںԼһӵ֮ʣ㾯ϴһϴҲʵˣԭһ˱ͻȻԼһ㲻ɱޱȸˡĵȻǹˣСܵ˼
Ϊʱȣľ뵢飬ռǵʱ䶼ûУһ˿ʼѰʯִһ̻Ի͵ĳȣһɷصĵعֻɢ⣬ǹľǰһ̨һˮס
ܲʯӡšع񷶥ȻһֻаƴĹȦܿ϶⣡ǼͨȦһЩⶪģϴ񵽵ļٵĲرͼϴ󵱳ǣ
оӦĳ˵ĹѨԼӵеǿͼʯǱƲ޽ĹѨ˸Լµĺ·
ˡͻأĳһʻ
罿ȣù֣еľ͵͵ġ
СŮޣһ㵹Ƕһ㶼Ҳɱ㡣
ŵüæľֹ㣬¡ľЩЦãѾͷ͵ţ»ǵСúܡԷƣֵǰⴳȻɱǣҵ֮뿪ǡ
뿪Ǿ߲֪Ǽ˵ҵ˷ʯ𣿡
ȻסľľȻҲףΪմ˵㷴ӦסԼȻԼ˵оԾĴ֣ľɵ糺죬ЩȴС
ʲôʯǰɷʾǰҲ뿪ĻǱȻǰ
ߣȻʯ֪ϿȥңǽҲһһҹˣٹһһҹǾҪһ˲ĹҲǣÿ궼ɺܶ˽
ɻǰȻ֪ΪβԼȥѰ
ٺ٣ֺηǼȲжÿ¹ӰҹǲлᴩЩĳȣӴĵصĹѨһ߸ĹһĹ
˶٣ֵҲˣĹǼȶܷɢϵרɱЩ󴳽ļһǱɸһ֮ǰ㿴ҪǾҪɱǡ
ǰû˵ΪβԼѰң
ΪҲԼѰңұˣǸһ˵һ뿪ģȴƭңҿһǣɱˡʣҲµ˰ɣ
ĬȻܲµĹѨʿһ뿪ĹؼԿףһˣһ˻ɱǼӮˣȴ޷뿪ˡЩǼȣƹˤһõļһﶼ뿪ˣʲӷͼʯأ
ʿɱǣԼΪһΪﵽһ̶ȣ˵ͻطĽ
оҲǿΪ˽ĹѨҪ
ΪʣµʯܾһУϾõǼȡ
Ĺһûʲôرģʣµĵطֻĸ̨Ǹľˣŵ˾ĹҵˣϧôҲ벻ԼݵĹǶôʧܡ
ݼһ·ȥǱʯסˣˮףԼڵΪƻˣҲûǸȤԶˮˣʬױáǵ÷ͼڵ°ҪĿСʯáʲôûҵһֱǼһǲʣµĿʯ
ģ㲻ǰʯ̧ͷʯ滹ûأƮʯʱϲÿһʯĶȻһͼʯ


2139 
㷢˷ͼڵʣС飬û֣ͿǰһŻ档̧һܵһĪĳֱӵɿȥײǽ֮ϣֱӱƵͷų׭֮һ׭ȫͬʱҲѪ
ףĵĻ𻹲
ȳѪ绹ǵһοʹԣԷˣһǼȡҲľ˳һǶǼֺֹľС㱣öС㣬ûµġ
ǼЦͷӲСӣǲƭң
ǰ˵ʲôôû
ٸװ⣡ΪһֱСûбҷ𣿴ͻȻֹסǸŮ˵ĿСʯݼŵϲñҾ֪ˣƭңǲѾõǿͼڵʯ
ĭζΪԼƭǼȵΣɽ˼һֱԼأҲ£ǸˣΪѾҵʣµʯֻҪþ뿪ˡ
ǰܸܲҸࣿȻҿɲԸһЩ֪ģɱҵĻҲˡȰյ
֪ʲô
֪еСʯ⸱ͼڵʱ뿪ǰܸǵĻǰҲһֺη
ǼȵЩô˵ҵˣö꣡ÿҹֻôһʱ䣬ңǶһҵĿСʯ˵Ƕ
ҡҡͷǲܸģҿԸ㣬ǾͲĿСʯ
ãܺãغô꣬վҵСӣҲ޷ɱǿǣǼȷõ˷ͼڣ˺оһɱƽ
ͻȻſһ磬һֱڿеѪ˳ͬʱнӡ߸һЩѪ͸Ǽϣʹ¶壬һãȭͷǧһ֮ʣ˫һ٣˸ȵȫ׭֮Ҳųɽ⡣
ӲһĻ㣡ǼȭͷͻȻȼգһѪɫĻڣҲʾѳΪıסЩѪɫ׾һˡ
ǼȷҵĽʲôףⲻܣǼֹǱƴ򣬿Ȼѣɱ㲻ݣأһײ죬Ǽȴķ׭棬ȴûдƣǾȴ롣
Ҳ屾ͲͬѰڳˣʵˣΪǣֿҲֱ
Ż
ˣ㻹ǱһѪ㿸ˡǼȵȫΪӲ׶ɷ顣Ǽֱʧȥһֻ֡

Ϸ֣ѵЩʧȥ˹ͷоʹ㼱æתͷС㣬ϿռĿСʯãľĵ򲻹
ûʱˣ㿴⣬ѾܰˣѾˣٳһ㣬ĹҵǼȾͻиǿĴڣǾ޷ԸˡһҪ죡һ취סģѾεˣٺ١
ǼȺܲˬЦоԼŪСˡ
ǼҲһʯľˣŪ˸㣬һͼãӡŵ޻ǾͻͷţһͷǿޣˣһƻǱӡԭĹҵƷãһͷţͻصߣءнķƷȦ
Ǽȵһֻ֣֪ʱһɫСȦȦͣĻζţ㿴֮Ǽһʧˡ
ٺٺ٣ǵõͼʲôãΪ˵һƻǻ뿪ΰɡ
㺮ɱ㣬ǾܵõȦˡ
ôĿҾ⣬㻹һս
ȷЩˣǼȵι㲢һڳܵģһͬ壬Ҳ㿹˺ΰһǱ͵ϮһΪ˱ǼΣŶԷδܴԼˡ
̧˫֣ΧҲıŰףǼЩ֣һȾΪӵǿףȫϳԼλʧȥһֻ֣Ǽĺ㻹ʲôŵĺ֡
֮ڣǼҲ൱ܣΪûʵģ˷һо֮ȼգ㷢оղŶԸԼҪǿˣǼҲʵ
һԾУԼƣзɽ裬ңǼۻңһֻ׷ĵͽʿǧǿ߱ȣеñȰ
ȻһӽǼȣƮݵݣ׵ı׵ƻͽеۺһҲǼȳԲȻǼ˫Ųܶˣ㵵ĻͷȴǷľסˣ
㲻ȥٻͼô
ľʰȥҲ٣㻹ĻŲ㵥ء˸ָСӢѽҶ촭ˣǿ֮ĩӴ
ƭңСӣƭңǼ쳣ŭһأҲ쳣ҵ龰뵽ȻһֱװԭͼֲסˡҲ԰Լʵʵ˺ɲǰ״ġ
һжˣľѾƴסǼȵ˫ţ˪һȫ⣬ɵһʹñѣǼҲ޷ľı⣬Ǽܸһѣľ˵ϵĽȦСʰǼȣľæȥס㣬ʵô
аɣϿͼʯɣѾûһս֮ˡˣЩǼȾжùɾˡ
˼ڷͼǰľһȥͼʯ˵ĲͬʱҲǺɣһȵĻʯ֮˳˼æˣǷ޵һƻ𣿺ǿ
ľæȦֵǶ˺ո㲻˺ҲɣѾˣûϢȻоһȴӺס£ǷظԼĺ󱳣ЩԸվˣɴ࿿ŶСĻˡ
Ҳû뵽Ȼôأü㣬Ӵѽôأôһۣöǰ
㻹˵ʾԼԼʹڣѾˣ񷶥ϴһѾûˡҲ˵ĹҵǼѾʼˡ㿴һľûýȦһƷ˻ǣȦҲεס˻ǵĲӣȻȹ̵ƿء
ɳɳɳɳһٱܵϤĽŲһǼȳԼ߱ܶ㱾ܵİѰ絲ں棬С㣬Сһ㣬ȵһᡣ
Ҫǻƽʱ磬ȻΪҶΪԼȥȻǴʱ˿̣ȴ㣬㶼ôصˣʲôǿվҺ棬ô˵ҲҵĶС㣬ҿ壬Сôŵõأ
ڨЦ磬ϲţ
Ȼľ˵ôȥ߰ɣѾˡ
ϲղŲǻ޷㶨һʱһֻľر˪Ȩȣı˪ȨȶˣǿƷ˵һƻܵĴľ֮ǿն֮ɫ
ϴȻĻϲΨ˲Ϸ˺󱳣˻һ⣬񷶥С֮зȥʱľ͵͵֣㷴ָסҪѹһ취޺õġ
ľĵ˵ôأӳͺáȥģ
ȥңҸɽɣģҲµġ


2140 ߱
뿪˵عĹѨȥһСɽͷиԵȦмĿնǲɹĹѨϻкܶࡰرͼд紵ߡϴ󿴵ôࡰرͼһľᣬ˵ǱɽҲڸ񵽲رͼģҹǶǱ紵ߵİɡ
еĲرͼˣʡЩٻֻẦˡԺҲܹܵˡ
˵֣Ҳջ㲻ָΪˣҲǣõ˷˵һƻǣʲôҪ绹˵ŵʱľͼȦѷһƲлˡ
ľҪǱоһƻǿˣҿɴ򲻹ǲ̰ˡֿϧģ˲лߡȻһŽ⣬Ȼʯһ
䣡رҿһӣ˵עڵǸӣǿһŹɶߣŶȥˡģͷͷŹȻۣȻܿкüˣ
Ҳλ棬Ͼλ棬ڴ˵ĵطѲɻбǿĴЦǧƽΪǸõطȴ֪ҵĵֵûֻ޽ѵ޽ѵֻһߡ
˴ɽҲ︽ûˣ絽Ҳû˸СȻȴǺϴԸ£ſ¿ȥһС֦һĶľͬʱͫһΪⶫ̫ˣ
ⲻ߱ȵһô
ľԼæһ֦ˣȥе񷨱վ˵ģС㣬ǻǸ·뿪ɣʡõľҲͷԣôҲ߱أѵͬһⲻܰ߱Ƕһ޶ġ
ľ뵽ղϵĹȦĵӦƽѲǵϵˣ߱ƽ磿⡭ⲻǰѵѲȺ𣿡
㣿ôأⶫǷ㲻Ҫ˵Ŷø֦Ҳҩİ
ľ߱ȵһڣ뿪ɣҪʲô˿ɾͲˡ
ǻؼҰɣ
һ뵽ңȻЩģǼϲòԼѡ·ҪȥξôΣϵ㷢ŮˣӦòɱԼɣϾβԼߡҪҲһ֮
ʵС㣬ȥұҪð
ôֲ֪ţҲ·רŵķۣһ֪ء
ϴ˵С㣬֪ǱɽûʲộֻһЩ䣬Щ˵ΪҲߣԭͦ˵ģΪѵòɱڹҲûˡ߾ԭСڷҲûǸСܿͳ֮ˡ
ӣֹСĻҪߣ߾ߵұˣ
һղյŹⲻȥ
ţҪʱеһôҲ˵㻹Ϯأ
ϴæС㣬СıԷ磬ŷħԣǰ飬ҳ۷СͶСӢ䣬쵼ҸǰɡԷˣǰλɵĹұĵҴСͶС㣬ұͷ˵ģȻܿˣǾԼĸ
ŬŬ죬ʵ㣬ôŵù𣿡
ڨЦŲΣִ򲻹ǡ»λС㶨ɡ
ԷϽĸң붼롣С㣬СģҸţʲôС
أ˭õ˵⻰ҾţҲȱҶʱɣʲôϽ·СҪϻأߣ㣬һ𡣡
㿴һСƢ磬һΣҿԼλߣϾΪҲȾСˣȹǼҶеϵȡ˺˳ĻصԭС򣬵Ǹһϵ·ҶˣٴСЪϢһ˵Ϊµ꣬ջϰҲǮë˼ˡ
ֻǰҹľ͵͵Ļķ䣬ƵôҵĴС㰡ҪǱ˿Ϊǿء
ľһʲô˼룬ǲģ˼ҶһȤûУ˵꣬ľĹѨعԼ龰糺졣Цö˶˵ģʲôѲɡ
ľһͲ֪۸ңߣ´ú۸У
ľŵء߱ȵһڣ޸ҵı˪ȨȣҪȥðҴСĻҲûб˪Ȩȡ
ɻΪʲô
ҲµɣԭΪֹôһ㣬һָΪ˪Ȩȡڻˣ޷ָΪ߱ȵһڣܰ޸ҵΪָҲܸһЩʱңҪ鷳б˪ȨӦҲһЩ
һҪһľó߱ȵһڣ֪߱Ļͻֳ߽ڡ߱ȲܴﵽƽĿģǿҵȫ߱ȶϽڲ߱Ȼ̶ָƽ
ľеġǡȻָڵƽȥ껡ˮˡƵȥˣҲ֪ʲôˣѵôҵˣ
Ҳ
㻹ǲԸ߱ȱ룬Ϊľ˵߱Ⱥܴάһǳȶû⣬Ҫ군ˣԼļɾû˰
һܣƽȥץǻأһڣԭһͨʿеģпҵ֮ͱץ˻˵˵ʲôûãֻҵǲУ
ľͷʵҪָҵı˪Ȩȣôɡ
û⣬㾡ãҪҰæҺܺƾһָܻʲôΪ
ľŵͦظܸߣߵ㶼ҪߣҪİæ㡣
š˵ɣô㣿
鱦ҵ֮޷ӰõģҪĴҵ֮ɱ¾۵ģϣ㣬Ҳ
ͷСæвĵأҪôɣʵǴСҵʲôôѲҰ׸ɻ
ľ㶼˵ˣǴС㣬ʲô͸ʲô㻹Ҫô
УС̫ˣôӴͻȻо岻һ۵ģסӡľˣʲôǰ㻹ܺţû뵽ôࡣ
üëûʲôˣ㻹ֻ֪ô˽ѵģеȥĿʲôţЩˣϧˣҶˡ߱ȣҲЩ¡
ҡʵҵһĴۡ
һ汦ӣĴۣʲôôţ𣿻ֻһֶѣľҵزƽˡ
ľֵǧһˣҲǻˣҲǰˣ˵ΪѾǺˣʶܳΪĴۣ˵ƽ̫ˣпȥĵطǵҾȥˡ
ˣôо˵ԼѽľҲǵģûԼ绹˭Լأ
ʵʲô
ʲôܶĸҪǰ磡λĴҲСǴα磬ȻֻһСģһȺĿռ䣬Ƕ֪ĿֲǵĿľȥ·ֹκ˽롣
ǸǸĴʲôϵ
УҪİ


2141 ұ
֪ľȥĿģȻԼסЩͨĸ֣ȥ磡ЩҪʲôȤأҪطûҪˡ
ôǸ껣ȥҲˣҲǸĴ۰ɣ
ľʼ磺ô֪ˣøҶ˵ˡܸôӦæ˰ɣ
ţһ⣡ιܽѵģÿһ˶޷ܽѵܵİڲôģ
ľʵģϲ˺ɣ֮ҾͼѺ֮ϡҲӣûкǿĴڣЩˣǰѻһΪѽѵһ֮ϣȻӡڷ֮ϡǼ÷ܹܽѵĿơ
Ҳ˵һʧȥ˷ǾʧȥЩڣԼʳľܣЩжľԸԼԼ
ľҲȫʧȥΪܹһЩʧȥǣ޷˵ô࣬ԸɣҪЯס߱Ⱦˡ
ԼĪʱһ˰ƴı˪Ȩȸˣƾ߱ȵ⣬ɹЯԭϵı˪ȨȣǿˡľϲİŪеȨȣ֡
ҲһҲĶ࣬һȴǷŶ룬˵㣡ұˣף㣬ô
Ǳ˷ܾһҿԼС׵ģȻҪǱץء
㣬ô
ľεϹ룬ҵȨȶˣøյõǰ֦Яϣæģ㣬ȻˣΪʲô㲻֪ͨң֪ͨأľһʣʱƲƲ죬һתܵЦҾӢǾͲˡ
Ѿͷӱ⣡ľֹ¿Ҫȥұ治֪ǸƽûС
ζҪѾǻָĵȾΪҲȾٹһЩӣҲͻȾûҲκβǡҪЭǡϾҴСѾˣ븺Ρ
һ˿ջȿľƽͷûƽͷľϲص˹ūûλС㣬ҺöСʹС鸣죬̫ˡ
ӻ֣ʾƽһԣٷϻˣ˭ǣ
ãһʮջ߽һüĻ˧ˣһһ˵û̫ãҪи̣治֪ô˵أλһɵ˽Ůá
ľòԵĵͷ죬ƺܲϲ磬˵磬㲻ǾҪͻóȻ߳ұ±ŵȾĸֿɲǵܱץġ
һʹ״ףʲôӧӭλãﻹһǿĶɽٷءʵ˵ҲɣգҵķܵϮЩ飬ǳҲڣˣֶˣǵС󡣱ǣã´ҿǵԴ㱨𡣡
ƲƲ죬Ȥӣ˰ɣı磬ԷʮһȵǿߣĴڣ綼ɱ㣬ֻǾŵȾ۷ѡ
ٺ٣ãοǴϹܼҲˣڷ棬α֤˳ȥ
ҵأ
ɣƺȥǧɽɽˣҲ˵ȥǧɽɱһͬĸֻ֣ҪɻͿʮŵȾұֻǿһ
һϲΨһ֪ҴСĿ˲ڣôԼкܳһʱǱˡƽͷȻ߽㣬û뵽㵹ȴλС뿪ʱĻΪˡ
ƽǰ˵ģܲҪССĿǽķԸһֱСͶС㡣
һΣҵķʮ˳һϮ磬ѰĶͷҲŲ³˭ƺҵĶͷЩòģʱƽͷʼ㻹ľ˵ԭҴСıԺϲãԼҼ֮Ļ䡣
ԭҼ˽ŮҲǾ̽һ̽ҲǰҽǴæļһ棬ˣһΣǰˣνŮʮ˱䣬ƽͷʱ̸ߵļҶı仯ƽ˼ǣľڵӣԭмơƽͷΪҼδϵԭӣ
㻹ϤҼмС檣ҲһѶŮδػ˽Ů̫ġ
Ȼ˽ŮΪζСҪǰҲ̫¡˰ɣ
ƽͷĵҲԭ򣬶СǼ簮ŮҲ˵ϲͬĽ㣬ʲôĿģҲĿǰ԰ɣҲΪıԡ
ľȥܿʻãлĵŮӡ
ƽͷһߣ棡ұˣÿһǼ򵥵ģ˭ԼôĺҲͷˡϣΨһǶȡ˵˭Ե޹ʵĶ˺ã
ƽͷһֽѾдˣƽʱϰߣҲдˣϸղҸ˵ģúÿ֮ջٵȥңͻ˵ǵĵϸɱ¶ˡ
ȻʵǸԷأ
ǸСҶ̰࣬ͼôѣ;ʿкãҲ飬ҽˡ
ĵһ赭д˵Щƽͷĵһ˿⣬ȻǸԷ粢û̫ĸǱϾǹͬɹѣϾԼͬģƽȻֱɱˡ
ľ㣬侲в֪侲ĵأ
ƽͷ֮Ƶ˵Ҫɱ֪ǶѾ֪ˣҪ֪ǵݡ
ľһЩʱ䣬ԽߣΪָԽ
ҪƾڵʵҲɱЦϽĽѵûʱ޿̲ڶɽ٣ѡܽѵ׼Ǻܶ˶һʱͦȥѾ˼ƻҪýѵ
ľ㣬а𾪣ýѵڵαɽҲûģܱܿѵѾ൱ˣ̸أǿµһÿһ˶УΪ㣬ʹϣȻ˵žŰʮһѶɶܼҲѰԵ˰
ģҸôãûܰҸɵεзִ磡


2142 赶ɱ
˳ұķ۲ʱұӸ߿Ͽұʮ־޴󣬽ķΧͷ˵Щǳұӻˣ൱ڱͳߣұҲûʲôйȥͳǣϣ޽ѵЩұÿֻҪ׳Լˡ
㻹֪ͻʮ˵ȾǿߣԼĽѵӰһƬطʹһƬطʿܵĽѵֱӰ죬Ҳ˵ᱻţȥ޽ѵҲʿıбϡҲǶ
ǶʩչǸٵĽѽ࣬ñİڲ£һʮ˵ȾǿߣҪ̫ɱΪԽɱԽ͸ǿĴڣЩʿñķǿԼԼķЩǿĵȵȡϾҲ̫ǿ󵽴ﵽ˰ʮһȾǸʱֱˡ
һĸǿʩչ˶ӻ൱ˣͬʱǵĽѶ£ôҪԵĽѣԵɱ¾ͻ࣬ҲҪŪĽࡣ
Ȼкܶ䣬Щǿһʹ˵İţһֻεڰŪֱӲٿģֱӲٿģʿǿôпĴ󻷾Ҳûдڵˡ
˺ܶڶ뵽˹ܽѵķӣ߾ܹܽѣԿ˰š
Ǿޱ޼ʵĴ½ϡ̣ÿһǿһطôԲֵܳڶͬǿĴڣʮ˵ȾΪѵ޵ʮ˵Ⱦö򣬱Ϊһ޵ľ㲽ǿ֮СôǿߵķԲ֮ڣֵڶͬΪĴڣȻĻ׷һЩĦڷչɣ֪ŪҲһۡ
ôûвԼĴڵĵطڣΰŪˣЩǿ߶õˣ˭ùأ
ʵӹȻܱȴˣҪǿͱҪ˵ҵ֮ûɱ¾ҵϣ̸αǿأ
˽⵽Щ֮дһɻΪҪأֻҪŬܻǿģôΪβɴİ˵ɱɾͻ̫į˰ɣֻˡ
䣡۴£ұһǳأǽжʮ׸ߣұķΧ͸оһĪǣԼ㼯񣬿ǹû´Ļұıұڣ˵Ķ֪
ӭӵıŮ绶ϲ˻У߶ҵľӢҶǿʵһƽˣһСطưԣﲻУһУֻ·һʱɱǱǿ
ЩӢҶΪоŵȾ·ɱ¾ϢҲ֪մȾ˶
Լ˹λǵ˽ŮľǷ񣺡á
˻ϲľû뵽㶼ѽôˣҪôҲһɡľʮֲϰߣǿװЦݣ
ԡ
ˣԼɷ˽Ů˵Ĳ֪Ǹ˽Ů˽ŮأұкüСĶС϶ǳˣҶұţǲȥӣܽһһôҲϰˡ
ϾҪ˵ģҪʲôʧڣұҲ군ʶѧͣұʮֺãиӣΪҲʮָߣҲұδ̳ˡ˷˴úõͬʱҲû˺֮ǡ
ָ㣬ɴˣأԼҵ֮ΪҶɹһ١
ЦţȻй͵ģԵΪ˵㣬ùܼҰһٰɡ㲻֪ɽٻ˰æлȻʵܾȵλС㣬Ҳ⣬ʱ˺ܶˣұƽҷƽѾˣҲףǴ򲻹ģǾͲνˣλС뿪˲ӹһ١
šɵĵͷȻˡ
ͬһ˲䣬һԵƽͷоﲻףұΪԵʣѵǱһϵģоѵ۵ҵ֮
üߣ
һϲҿǴˣһ͸װɵ㶵ѽʱҲû취һշѹ˵ǿߣȻҶֿȴ޲¡ΪڻλС㣬Ҳˡ
һᣬƽͷˣСںԼƽæͣˣˡ
ŭ⣺мҶӶߵĵã˵㵹˵˵ΪʲôλСߣ
ľʱĲ죬ȻΪ˰ģʱڷϮƽµһʱˣһΪȥҾȱ𣿡ƽͷ׹ˣһȻϻӺԼܲȥɣ˼ҿǴС㡣ҿ˵ݣͬھƺֻ·ˡ
㺬Ѫˣˣ˵Сʵ
ɵҲˣȵƽû뵽ô㶼ûңһȾôߣáϳұƽ벻С㶼˵ŹȥðûɣǵĹϵƾʲôôãƾʲô
Ůô˵Ƿŭ쳣ҿԼŮƽˣҪиʧǿô죿ƽı⣬ҲˣһļҶҲûʲô飬һ֣Ըңǣ
ƽͷͫһԼ˵ĻᶼûаߵȾŮѸ͵̽ƣһһңγһУܸоƽҵ֮ûһƽͻ鴤ʧȥһҵ֮ҲЩȥ绨Ů͸˳ɱˡ
ƽһۣûһ˿ĵϴҲ㱨ˣȻҲûʲôøУվҺġ
ұľ˽ŮڱȽ˵СܸۡԭסլԭҲжʮߣʶľǳΪҴСˡȻҲܺľ䣬ľֻһۡ
С֮ۡڣҲûʲôѾߣֻһҶƽʱÿҪȥﱨܵõһЩɷƷû˵ȣҲľ˼ȻŮͬһҵֲ˼ˡϾʱһЩ˿飬Ҳġ
ص̹֮ţóĹҵعõĴƷǣһӣеǷУԼڻ壬ſʼգ
һ죬оʵ˲٣ĵȾʿԼҲˣǴԼеǶûˣʣһ飬ǴƷġ㳤һеǣʱһʺԼķˣЩķǿԼɳɳģԲܴ
֪д취أʰɣ


2143 
ҪȥȻҪȸľ˵һǳ˷ŲŷԼһˣѾҹˣľҲƺڼͣƺӡС㣬ƺΪڶһͬĸĽ㣬ǰݷá
վſ⣬жŮǱ󶼸иԵļҶҲ֪ʲôľɫʮֲÿѵ۸ˣľһ˵ˡ
ֻ곤Ǹ˵㣬ô˵ˣѲЩԷﶼĲɣǸ¼ļҶʲôɶ
Ļ˵˵һΣ¼ļҶľˣһӣ߰ɣҪϢˡ
ֱϵ˪˵Ӵ˵㣬ôŸߣ治˼ꡣ˼һԸһ˯ϥ̸û뵽ôˣѲɽҪǸҶʲô
԰ҲѾźҪǴȥָиءԭҲǲ²⣬֤ʵǸ¼ļҶûʲôϵأǼʵǲİ
һһƺҪľԼһȣ㵱Ȼ⣬˼ľϰʲô취ĵҵݱ࣬ΪʲôҪأ˭ָʹ
ľҲĪЩ˷·ǹµģԼԺǲǳЦԼǼ㣬ǳЦԼľˣһľ͸оһִʹ¡
ߣľվȵٲߣҿҪˡ
ĻվüûûòģǺ㣬ȴߣ㻹Ҫ֣ûнǵƣΣ
СıҶǵΪȴǵĹС㻹ߣѾȾˣľʲôʧæãµС㣬һˣղȥǲá
ľһЦֺԣ𣿷ȥ
ͷһƣƵѽʮҷҧˣС㣬ǲˡ
ô󵨣һ¼Ҷǣ˪߳ȣ룬
ĦȭƣߣҲ
ǸаļҶһԾͻʳ˫צ״ǰɱոͻƣӦݶϷḻս飬ܶŴΣһ߶һѽĸҾˣһͷ蹷ҧң浹ùԹԣҸǹԱ˿ɾŶ
ŭӵĶӮңҾ衣
ܣдΪ֣ΪܶÿԼĸоֻȾѣǿ󡣰֪оҵ֮Ǻɢųˣ㱾ʲôоġ
һҪϲ˫һʯ嶼ѣջӳһȭҪţһתһȭڵϣȭͷֱӴ˵㷭ͬʱԼʳָ׻ۡ
һֻһ⣬׵ٶ̫죬ֱӶ˰ҽһ˵ƶĵڵϡ˪ʧɫʲô㡭
ôҵ׺óҿǺܺóԣԱ˶ˡԣҪ𣿡ͻȻ㿴˪磬߲ɵú£ǶǽС㣬ұڣõĽѵвƽʱҲмҶô᲻
ʱһߺ˵
Ϳ˻ӢҶı˽żȻһֻۣ߳˸˲õԤС
˿ڵϵİ룬ʵôˣҲ˵ұڲܣˡ˭ɵģ
˷׷׿㣬ֱƥģҲңȾ㼱æͣˣд˰ڴء
˴Ϊ棬ʵһˣΪҪ˵ǹ
Լϵİ˵ˣҴӮһ˺ǿʶʿ֮ûõģ˵Ϊʲôܣ
Ļ˴СҶϵ֤ʵһ¶ѣǼŴС޹ġ
ľˣղЩ˿ɲô˵ģôڲˮˣ
ĹôĻءԿη׸Ҫһ㣬ɣҪˣɸŮ̽ɣܱסף˾¡
ȻȻ򣡾˵˭֪ԼľϵأѾͷѲЩϷģϷģĿΪ˰ԼľֿҪʲô
ʮӰԼŮŮͷţܺðŮܸɣôˣԭģһ¡ˣȥɡ
Ļ˪һ£ľ㽻˸񣬻඼֪һıΪľǷֿˡ²ı磬֪ôĿʲôľ˵ȥɣһᱣԼģõġ
ĬĬĵͷʵûлָҲֻˡ㲻ò˳ȥȴֻһڵţ㶵أ
׻ȥˣӲģַЩ£˾ͻȥ߰ɣ㣬ҵҶ
εĳŶͷȻСӰġ¡ʵΪʲôôƲƲ죺㿴
ϻôԣЩ˸Сԩ޳ôû¡£Ҳûôˣˡ
罾ԴߣĻôɵģ˵ûϵмҶôܵģˣӼǿʼҾ⵽ǣϤһ£һ¡֪֪ǰи˽ӣ˻ϲһŮ澣״ΪԸʶ䣬ûұͰǸˣ뿪ұûþͱɱˡ
㰵⣬ƽʱľĶע⣬˼ƺڱԼȴҸСܴĹϵһСҶĸҸأ
ûкɣ
Ǻðɣ㣬ͲҰ𣿵ʱұɱô죿ϾСôƯҵܲסջ󰡣ΪԼСһǴڴС߱ȽϺðɡ
һ죬ȴֺߵ˵ʲôأϲôҲϲˣҵҵģҲôҪͽҥԣǵñܿЩҥԣ㶮
ʮ־ᣬЩҥԾ˵İһ仰Ǿƨûˣ㶮ִˣֻʱӦˣҲû¸ɡŵλȽϸߵĶСвĴء
Ӧˣϲ֪ΪΣ֮Ͷܾ̫ˣҶȲʹںȫ⣬Ҳǿоһ㶼ԼϲƽȵĸоƽʱļҶǳϻ̳Ͽ֣˵ϼ䶼ңΨһֿԳΪѵĸоʶ˷ӰҪ˹ֲ˻
˵ıС鲽ĸں档ȻŶ԰˯
𣿴󼱲æȥԣ
͵㶼֪ҲԣЩСطô֪Եĺôأұïܴ֣кܶޣ޺һѵɱҲҵ֮ЩǿҲ޴ҲΪԴҪһ㣬ҲЩʿǰ޳ء
ͷ͵ƺԼķ


2144 ǿⷽʽ
ϤҪƷʹұı˼ǣ챾ǣʿѪԼҵ֮졣Щ͸оҪˣΪԼûѵҲ֪ܷõϡ
ҵһڻǣȾҵ֮Ϊ׷ɱ¾ķ
ƵľΪǿƷ̫ߣұʦˮƽ޷ʱڻҲ˱¶Լֻգ㵹ѯƱķ
ԭǲ˵طҶСһԣǴʦҲЩ޿κΣԼҲǼ£˵˼ķӣҪ㶼û˵Ҳ˸֮пóԼõĲȫҲʤްɡ
һҹ޻㻻ѣǻһСͯźԼû뵽ԺļҶλҲͰһ˶͡ˮϴء
㣡㣡ַƿţںǺš
óˣ㻹ĥʲôǵģñСҶģ㶮أ
ãȻ
㣡ۣ֣ߣߣߣ԰㣬ҶѾءβöˡ
һҧŰһʵʲô
ҵƽޣǺţߣΪһʲô˲ġĿˣÿεھϲ鷳ڣһҪǺÿһߵȭͷ
㻹ΪԻɣû뵽ԼСһµûʼŪ㶯ˡұĳ⣬ͨұʿȫҪԼ·ұļҶЩһޣֻѱˡС㡢ӣǳۡ
΢ĹһˣЩұʿÿΨһһΪʱһĦȭƣ͵ȴʱ뿪ұĶÿ˶оһɽ֮ڿʼ𽥻۵ҵ֮ʾǴѽܲܶɹ͵ÿԼˡ
ǰһŹ⣬ƺ߷ɭҲұĶߡ˰յ·̣͵ɭڣܶһЩ᫸ӵɽ·ڻֻһ
㿴ɭ߶һ½ĹⲨ㲻֣Ѳʲô󷨲ɣڴһñмĴҲ㹻󣬻ĻҪʮˣм䱻һҲһС·Ȼ߳ġ
صܵԱߣЩ½ĹⲨоԼûʲôӰ죬ָ˽ȥȻ˸ߺ㲻Ҫˣ
֮ɰһعͷȥһһŮӷǵϿȻҵĹС㣬˵ƽԼ
ߣǾ⣬ҵ֮֮ҺǺͣ㣬ȻСɾͽˡļҶ𣿡
ҲǱСļҶҪô
ḡ˵ôûôã˵һһأղҪҺסǸ⣬һŶ˵ôǲǸøлҾļҶأ翴㣬һҲЩء
˰ɣ͵͵˸ĴָҼˣǸ
ɫһָʶôĶʲôҺѰҶɱȵģ֪Ҫ֪ܰӵ׵Ļ͸ˣһˣ˵ͷԼȥľҲȷܲˬӣӸղúúõģһء
С㣬ǵշôܸүΪҶìأҪշҪүһʶ
ͷ˵ĶԣӣС㲻һʶ´û±Żҵˡ㣬߰ɡ׼ɭ֡˵˵㣬˰ɣǸӣˣΪѾĵȾ۷ˣһֱƲңߣҳ˿ڶ
ڨЦ磬Сԣپôˡ
ɭ⣬޴ͨʿУǴȺӣһӣɭ޽ɱұǿĿѡһЩȽǿޣҪǳɳ֮ǰɱɳ֮ұв
ɭʮӴҲҪʱ䣬ʱ䵽˴Ҷ뿪뿪ˣôұҲܡʵС㣬ôߣ
С죺ץһͷѩ棬֪ûСǲʵڲܲӣ˶ôΪôŻȥȻץһͷ档
ҾӢȥɱǿ޵׸磬ûһͲӰˣҲʮȾļҶƤҲ
ãôɰһ߰ѣһܱءһЦűƽһüͷˣ磬ٽͻƣǲҪˣ˱ˡ
˿⣬ӲǸڱ￴һǺ˼ֻðɭҲʮִ˴ʿӵ룬һﲻ˵һջ˺٣ĻѰ޵ѡ
㱾ΪƽĹһ죬ȻԺ֮дһ˿Ǻ𷢳ľʾΣڱƽ۲쵽˵ıҲ֪Ҳоҵ֮ڻۣǼѵǰףǰͷ˧ع˵ãΣգҺ棬ҪСġ
ȴģ㣬ҪСģ̫֣Ҫϡ
СģҲᶪģһһȥȫĵط
˵ĵͷҲ֪ΪʲôԼںĹĻôĸˡʶųܶ᫵ɽ·ܼ֣ܷʲôҶŵС㣬ȥɣȻ鷳¿¶Ըˡ
صԼΪӺﶼڣԼȥҪЦоӱСҪҡͷǺ¿Իȥ㿴㶼£԰ɣ㡣
һ㶣ͷޣʲôµģ߸ء
׸ԪԵĶҲǿģɺϵǸоһͷǿǱڴˣ˸˹ôһ˵̧ͷȻһȺշ˹
ãʲôҵѩ𣿡ԪԴӸ߿£簮Դóʮ۰ԼáֲСӣҪܡ
ԪԵѾΣգܲϢûǴĻӦһͷѪ֩룬ǰҽ֣ˣ֪ʲô̶ȡЩʵԶһ㡣
ڼҶһøСʱͻȻΧһѪɫʶҲһѹȣʶĺǰоһɼǿϢ߲ƣСС㣬Ҫ̫ң㵽Ǳߵʯš
ٺٺ١㣿ûõģﶼͽ͡СӣҸоڲͬһǸóԣ¸¸¸¡ޣԪԣܾûˣôôˣɲӴȺð
ó鱦ɽѪѾŨÿĶˡ
˶ٷϻһѣ䱸


2145 ֩ĸ
ƺܵرĹգҲ֪ΪʲôԼᱻһͷ޹עѲԼûѵرܿںɫ֮⣬һ˫˫ɫ۾֣һͷͷβ֩ıƽ
ǳ壬巺ɫĹâ⵶һв֮ϣ㿴֩뱼ܵٶȼ죬գۼ͵ǰһԿЩආֻĵȾʵв
ȻһŮ˵һϮÿ˶оĵһɰûսһ㡣Ȼһ˲䣬һ˲֮һͷӴ֩ĸĽצҶһʱȾǿߣ
ԪҲΪǿյĶѡǿ֩ĸֻߵϹܼҲܽ˶ûսͷ֩ĸβɢɫۻ֭Һε޴ġҬӡһ˫ɫĴѰһӾ㡣
ٺ٣СЩر𣬱ˣӲġ
һоһֱԼһҽԼס㵱ϣױЩ֩˿Ҹɻҡʱ֩ĸȻһҽУȴԪԲľʹ˰ˣȼУ͵Ϯ۾
ϲæܹȥܣЩ޶̫ǿˣȫǶ֣ôһߣȴɢˣɭִɽĻʲôΣջδ֪һ˵ʮȾϵ޶ܵ͵ϾףұʿʮǿǿϲΪ˵ĲƷһЩΪһΪ˱ǿò˵İš
һ·ܣ󻹸ͷĵȾ֩룬ȻܵıҪ죬ܿ·ǰΧˡ
˻˻֩вķЩŵʵѾûҵϻۣͷĸоˣڵ⸱ΣյľذΧҲûʲô֡ЩףΪʲôԼȫˣѵԼĽѵʲô
ʰͷ֩룿ⲻܣȻΪǲȾѣԼĸоġȻˣΪȨγ鱦ɽԿһӣһĽâ˦˳ȥ
¸¸£ͷ֩뻹ڳЦһȾΪ࣬뿳Լ壿ǳ˵Ρ֪ԼоĲάϵںϵҵ֮ѣʵǿĵȾһ˦ȥֱѳΣ
ʱ䣬һƬžɽֻ֮һЩʣͷ֩뻹綼㶵Ŀ㣬ͬΪҲõһɱ羪ȵĿ㣬ʲôΪǰɢҵ֮Ȼ˵عĹΪҲǸԼһѣΪô
벻ףɴ಻ȥˣ˷ܵĺ󱳣㣬ɱǣ׷С㣬òͷˡŵֿ죬һ̣ʧȴǳںһͷϿգ鱦ɽ䣬ֱгΡ
һͷ֩һ֪ղŵĲ⣬ԼСģ·ûĿ񱼣ܿʧڴ֮СƲƲ죺ˣϧ
ֻʶһɨ̱ϳλãָһױֱӽû֩ĺԣɽɱϲյͷ֩ҵ֮ΪҲΪΪͷ֩뱾ͱǿʶҲһԾĵȾͷ֩㡣
㣬԰ʲôʱΪұôǿ
ú֩ҵ֮ƵĻصС㣬ˣڵعĹѾͻĵȾΪˣұ¶ȻʱôǼȴѽ
Ŷûϵɣٺ٣߰ɣȥѩ
㵣ǵС㣬ֲʲôѩԭʲôѩִУҹô֪˵űС
Ҫղ֩ĸ޿ô죿ҿɶԸˡ
ûϵģɭôǿޣղ֩ĸһȻЩǵͨʿôҽ̫ˣҶһɭߡСû취һ㰲ΣʶûУһ˵ԽߣӦԽǿޣͺǿʿԼĵ̣߽ӽ
ֻԽߣԽ䣬йϻֵĵط뵽ɭĻͲﲢȻ˵׼ʲôɵġ
Ȼо˵Ϣæ磬һïܵĴ֮ϣôˣ
꣡˸ƣȻָָ棬˳ָȻǰһȺˣҲұˣŻǴˡȻһ۱ϮʱϮҷ۵Щ˲ⷬ
С㣬ҷֵʲôϮˡ
羪ǣǵΪôֻͣȾôܡ
ǷϴˣܲǵЩˣֻһЩ¡ȷǵ֪ʲô𣿡ЩɻʵôɭֲұƿصЩʶ
ôһ˵ɫҲˣЩȷһҲʶȻұôҶʶĺȥˣǷ϶ǹ涨ͳһģ㴩һɫ£Щ˶ǻҰɫľ
㣬𣿡˵ԽɱУȡԼǿʿҵ֮ԼĻôΪٶģܶ˶ôǷҲǼģΪԷҲɵӣ׻ɱ
һˣҳԵģǻи磬ɲҪԼһ˻иֶΣǴЩ鷳ˡǲҪóȻӴɣǱָʲôأİΣҲҪ
㵣ԼİΣûɵһ˵͸磬һ˹ԼİΣ翴ı󣬹ԹԵĵ˵ͷţġô죿
ȿƺϢм˺Ǳ˵ǸովʲôĿתĿţһյأ߶Ǿʯƣȷһεĺõطϧڸ֮Ҳû⡣
ʱм˹ҲһǱģƶǾʲô޵ϮţȻͫһֱĿŸЩˣԼʶģǶסˣ
ʶץɣָָ˽ȥסˣǱˣԻϧԼˮ͵оĪôˣ
ǿųȥͷʵС㣬˵𣿡һʺŵı飬Ȼǲʶ
ڵʱ˵ԸЩǳ¡Щ˻᲻ǳأ㲻ö֪ܺ棬ôƽˣҪ֪ҲΨоǲˡ
Ȼļ٣ȴҲǲǵʲôǿޣǱС㣬һ£һ·ǻûбˣиǿİ֣Ǿ͵ÿ뿪ˡ
ʲô˼㻹ܸȾʿԿǺܶ඼иֵͨˣϵ֪Ҳûϵġ
û£ǲץҡһ´ȻƹһƬľԣ𽥱ƽЩ·ˡ


2146 ǵ
Ȼ˵뿿ʵȴ޷ΪΧʮľĲľǿˣƺΪҰİȫ޷ȴ뵽ǰ׷ɱԼЩ룡ǸôЩոյõϢʿһ鷳
㽡磬ܿص˸ղ֩ĸĳѨȴǷﻹǺã㲻óȻȥϾ淢ʲô״ܿһײ˻ûѣ档
ųһŽȴİ֩ĸЩۻˣɲǼܱޱȵ㷢ֻʣĴԪѷսһѾڵ£Ͳˡ
ԪԱ֩ĸѷһȴƾֵҩ֧ţܷߵ쳣ɽˡʵ֩ĸѪɫѹʶҰã˲õĻþҲԪӲԭûˣԪԴϲһۣȴԼߵļҶԼ
ѹԪԺĵ˸Ĵָߣ
㻹˵֩ĸʵ̫ˣҲҿʿͨʶߣշѹĶȴ仯һûӰˣȴһЩζ
ŭ֮֩ĸʹ֩ආ˹ȥһ·Ҳ˽ŲȻɭֵ᫣ʩչһ㶼ȵ֩ˣ϶ʱ¶һЦı顣
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޳һܣǺ¡¡ڶЩ۷εʿǸոһӱһͷǿǶˣΪЩСϺײȤǲŵѵģҪϵʿȥ뿪ˣûЪϢͿһҶģһȺߡ
ͷӦұˣдô޹ͷָһһž⾢ȥоھеһɲǣأʧߵȻҲ޴ȥô㲻ˣڸôǰࡣ
ҪţЩĵȾȻ٣ѹЩһ磬ҪңץȥҲҪǵ
˫һ̿ʼɱЩ·ʿзΪϸһȴռϷ磬ԹۿԻϧ˱һԣȴһȾĸֿţȻͬæŶԸޣϾҲ׵֡
Ȼһֻ֣֪ʲôһ̻ϸ߿գȻɢߵ⣬߸λ
Ŵүǰͨ籨ţ֣صʿһ־Ҫȥ껣һ˿ǻᣡŴү㣬ͻã鱦ɽӸ£ۿҪĺԣȴǼͻȻǴ̳һ
Ϊɵӣôһʧ˻֪ߣĵȾô񣿡
ǺһЦҲǿȥ⺮ͻȻһ̧֣һȻ֣һСͷС
ԭֵܵĵȾĵǾ޴ıͻȻ֮ըѿŤγһУλģϼۣûһͽѩˣдΪ⣬ڷ⺮ֹͨ˺ѣڻֱͨ仯ɱ㣬סأ
ˣæܵϧߣȴй˼ˣԼϻأֱϧԼһֱ㣬㷢֣ϧЩƺ͸ģԼ˵Լ˭Լʲô֮һ㡣
ϧЩվǻסϧ֣ҲӯˮĴ۾Ŀ㣺㣬ˣжٴμңһֱΪԼ̫棬û뵽
ϧϧȥϵۣûµģھ;ȥֿԻҲŲԼ޳ƺЩʼɵĿϧŵ˫֡
ΪסǵҲǷ㲻òԼȥķѵʱҲ١ֳûʵôˣǲǴ߱ȣ
յʼ磬ôܣ߱ȴҲôʱġǳһЩǸץģ֪ңҲһץ˹
žƿˣǱɱʿҲعͷȻھˣЩޣ۷껵˵˺ܿ͵㣬һ߰ɣƾͲط
ԺȻ˻Զһ϶ص磬ԶұľԼľ
껣ܲȻһƲȾʿ˹ߣûһǶ֣껺ľһոƽûлظǿʵҲӲˣϧƺڵʦһЩΪȴԻһв
˵ʱʱ죬бＤһѽУܵʿϡʧɫ簵͵Ϯûһֻǰ˲˶ѣⲻǱ¶Լȴ绹Щб׷С㰡
һǸɵѾͷΪԼӵõôæûôϣԼҲҪΣհ
ͷʿŭ˿һۣ̫׶Ըˣͷͬ˵ǸϽǣһȥץǸС椡Ͽ뿪ܻ֪𣿲ҪܽѵǵӰֻҪɱȥǻƿԼ˵ġ
ЩһĬӸղ껷ʼÿ˶оͷûҵ֮Ҳ֪˵ˣô϶ǻˣΨһĻ˵֮ǰϾɭ˾޴ҪҲס
ϧǴˣڽӽ˵ʱһ׵磬ֱӰЩʿҡ껴ϲЦ˵ˣ
ȻͷһҷۺѹѹĳǹģҪұĴö࣬окܶǿߵϢǱұǿĴڣѹ껻طΪƧҲ֪Щǿڵһôĵط
۵¿һţһŹ⣬ҫڵϣγһԵӡ껵ߣ̤Ȧȥˣϵ۾Ͱȫˡͷ껷źţǰ󲻹ǰӣԮˣ˻еøУٻˣʲô֯ɡ
Ǿ̤봫ĹȦʱһҽУòҡ


2147 ʧ
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˲ö룬ŲǱȥʶһɨֻǱţûΣաŵķҲߣܿ˾ˣһһײĻС
羪С¹һ㣬ȴҵĿɽӵĿ޵һΪҪˣءôҶ¶СȥأҲ˵ƽ𣿡
ϲ̵ģȻǸ׷ɱҵʿղſҷ֮ˣЩѩç룬ôġĵǸͷʿ󣬱ܿ˵ЩֵĹôܾأӦĳȴʱ֣ΪԸһθЩ˺ۣ˱ˣ
ֱ֣ӾĴȥ
ԽԽ룬ȴǷֵһѩ֮أ¶Ҳ֮£ǾƬɭֹޱȣѩ֮УЩͲ׷ˣ֪ĳ޵ĵ̣ΪһƬѩصԵʣ㷢͵͵ǸʿԼʧܣľʹ˰أ
üͷǸʿ׷ᣬڸԶԶĶԼˣʵС㣬ûкȵ
ûаǰҶǸһģûʲôΣաףǱиǽȥһ㣿
һƣи޵ĳѨȥôֻﺮƮƮиȾĸβ٣ƲֹۡһֱʿĽ͵ϮԷ߳Լһ磬ӦʮŶԣˣҲԼˣôʲôأ
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ͷҲ֪ûˣѹһֱҿԭŸոմ뿪
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һͷѩç˷ϵѩһأһͷͷѩçҲ˷ӣϵѩʱŷ֣ԼѾʮͷֵѩç߸ΧˣΪѩçƬͰѩҲ֪ʲôʱˡ˿һӣЩѩç粢ߣĵȾͬʱҲߣʶһĸҪδصĨɱ
ǺӣǰͷǲƽѩçȻΪ൱ǿЩѩçŮӵԻЩη塣ʮͷĶһҲһƤ㵣ĵĻЩѩçԼӦЩѩçʱǸʿ᲻͵ϮԼ
˻һͷѩç˹Ѫڻû³һŶһЩͱɢһͷͷѩçҲƷ󣬵Ǻܿѩçſӣֱ
һѰ۳ĶУҲӭе׼ȻЩѩçЩģ㲻ƴȫƮϰգܿѩçѩçβһ˦Ȼһۿ޴ӣ㲻òס
׵ĳ£ѩç޷ֵȻǵƬʯ׵ıƻǿ󣬿ϧΪûȫָѩçҲ̫࣬ȴֻ赲ǣܶ˲ɱ
ϣһмǶȹڵ꣬Ҳֵǿץ׼һףߣ磬дҸ´ֱӴϣ㾡һֱоʱȴһʿıɽֱ࣬ӲŲЩ֮յıܿҪλȴǱ
ֻ˺˰ʹԷԼһ磬ȴ˾޴һֱֱµȥŵɫôִѩçֱ͵Ϯˣһ˿µҪֲԸȥָоԼҲһûйĸоǰΪԼİΣҶǶôƽ£Դ㣬;Լˡ
㣬㣡ô㲻ҪҰ
ɫ԰ףʵĲЩΣ潻֣ƾԼͨͷḻսӦһǸʿӲǶ͵Ϯͷ׵һɲǣҲ޿κΡ
С㣬ˣ뿪ɣȥס
ץŷ㣬סĵҡͷ᣺ҲҪҲҪһˡһߣ㣡
˻ѩçң˷ϻ罿һ˫趯γһ㽣ȴѩçʱ޷
翹
Ȼʿ˳ٶѸ绢ֱ㣬Ѿ˱ɱ̿ˣܵʮͷѩçΧǺûᣬٲϿɾʹʧˡҲԤϣ״̬ѵֵֻ˫׭֣ҪһͬʱҪһᷴ
ʿһƫȴֱȡ磬˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ӱͻȻըһͷ˺۵˳ֱӰڰзɳ۵ʿһҧһ˵ϡ
ĳֿɰЩСѩçŻ֪ĵ̣һӵķɿ졣
ЩͻأƬʧ룬Ϣ΢ôҳ羪㵹ҲǸ˵Ĵ㣺㣬㣡Ҹоû˰оգɹһ٣ֻ벻ͨΪʲôѾ˳˻ǣʮȾʲô˳
оϵĺһ˿ʱףԭǶһѣ㿴˿ܣָʲôˣ޷ָ̻ƣǿɾˡ
ֻʲôأ
Ѿǣ𲽿ˣʮȾջ̫ˣȻһСҲ಻סæס磺С㣬Ͼǡ
ΪʲôɱѽʮȾҵ֮ǿֱʮȾǶôѵõĻԭܲԸֱ֣Ŀһֲͣ㻰ҪĸоȻһҶ˿Ѿ޷Ļˡ
ôңˣôĸȥʿߣҵ֮ȫգ΢΢һЦѾͷͦõģԼߵԣ˺۵ӣ֪һصʬйϵ˫忪ֻʤһѡ
֣ϵĺɢһŹââͷһϢһ˲䣬еƶָˡϵĽͺ鵤ҩ֮˲ָ
˷ܵĶ˶ӣ޴鿴˿㣬һȦͳӵ֮С翴ɵˣ㣬ʲôȻ棿
Ҳ֪ôһ£ܾúкܶԼ֪ģԼҲ̫͹˺ϷĽ⣬ǽȻƵãֱ档ǺΪʲôԼͷһĽأϾԼҲ˰
㣬ҷһơ
㲻ȥͷߣղʿҵִ֮ҵһƣľʣȴǼӲӦһȥľһ֮֡еһЩǿֹǸˣЩӦòԼ˽⵽ġ
оԺá


2148 
һšֵƣƲ⵽ʲô˭ϮұķۣҲͶЪϢ˰죬ŵ缱æ㱳
ʲôǾ㣬Ըǣ
㲻ҪĶˡ
ڰ˵ţһôûУֻǱֳжôĺͷ޴Ƭ߲ɫģûצӣѾ˴롣ͷƽ
Ҳ֪ͷΪ֪ǻ۵ģԼһΣԼҲһΣӦǳƽˣѵʲô󣿵ûſͣ³һƴʯźɫĹâ
羪ϲƷǰʮ˵ȾϵǿƷҪϣۣ㣬ᱨǵһμǹ֣޶ϲ㡣
ЦЦС˼СҲϲˣһŷԼ˵©죬һߣҵȻϲмҶϲģ˶һ֪𣿿죬ˣһͷ
ЦЦΪ˭ģƷǣû뵽ǻ˶ã֪ǷҲܱԼڻأٴγͷǱԼĺˮ֮С
ֻеƷǻûأһ˾ͷ˹һô߻ˣһĹʵǿĹܼң˵һԶŮҲǰ֩ĸϮԪԺҲȺУƺǵһ·뵽ߡ
ѽ簡û̫ˡ˿簲ȻָˣҲ˷ܵԼ׻УôأⲻƣһΪأѾȾˣæŶ
ʮ⣬һ񣺡۹ȻȷһżҶ类֩ĸΧҲǿæȥһҪúüν
˵Ķԣúý˵˵ɱͷ֩ĸ𣿡
һԴһʼ־һֱƷǵϹܼҺȻڣСģͷѾϷʰˣѾ˳һ硣
Ҳкü˺ܼɵĿԼеƷǣƸոȬԸǿϹܼңǲҳģôԼһĵȾСҶƺûʲôȫ
һ뵽ڻָΪıҪȻķŭȴҲԼСЦҪȥġӭǰˣµõһƷǣҪ
ҲǴղŻʮϲôھҪأԼ绹ϹܼȵҲ뵽һ㣬ⶫģԼžͺˣұͷղŻǿй͸ģš
ӲˬһȻӡȷ˵ԪԣΪһֱԪѹƣ뷽跨õԴԼΪƷǼıƾԼһԪԣݹͣΪԼܰƷõ֣ôһ˵ˡ
ʲôӸ磿Ҫά㣬Լ
ѲǻҪһҶܲеϢ
ĻҲ˺ûӣ˼ٿڣǿЦãղûüֵɽ󡣴ʱ˿ʵ㣬ҷһֱûƷƸǿķΪǳƷܷøңҪʲôҶԲ㡣
ҪģҲóˣȻĸ˵飬ǻñƤӵƾŮôҲûáҲƷǱ֮ƣҪҲգҪ
ˣʱû뵽ҪʲôȽԺҪ𣿡
˴ϲԽԽ˳ۣôļҶȷϲУֻҪǱ˰õģ㾡ᡣ
ʼûлῪҪʮƣһԵ￴飬欵¶һ˿аȵЦ⣺磬Сƺϲ
ôʲô÷ҿܲˬҲǹNɪġԹһҶҲ˳ǸҸҽа壬ǰûй£ѾͷһЩѵΪԼжٽˣ
ǽӪʱѣпҪô
Ŷ㵹˵˵뵽ʲô⡣
˲ӹţûȥã˼ҾǷҪ鷳ڽɼɭУǿ޲洦ɼģԽǿԽأðͷΪұޱ̫ǿŴ󲿶֮󣬾Ҳûʲôǿˡ
ɫұҲɱ˲ٵͽޣһļҶӵĽѵͽ޵ҵ֮ǣ㲢Ҫ˵ȥҵ֮ô˱¶˺Ҳ룬ĴӵץԻϧǻӦ绹Ҫп
㡭ʲôأϽӪʣΪжСͲøɻ
ִ£ҲȥæǷ˵ҿԲЩ¡㻹治мЩС£Ǹִ᲻֪ʵұĴӪ֮ͱˣ취йȥβһ䡮˵ĻͰµġִ㬵뿪ҲûʲôģִֻҲ粻ɶѡ
¸߹ңұĴ󲿶ѾӪЪϢӪҲкܶұʿΧΧϾɱһ죬ܲܶɭϢһ˶Ǿұ󲿶ӿ
ոճԱ㣬Ǹִ˹ͺ㣬С㣬
㲻Ҳ֪СҹԼʲôѲԼԳСϺû뵽СôһӪʱߣִµȥɣһæȥ
ȥ֮ȴǷνĶС㲢磬ִ˸ӣҲǶС㣬ȴǳɹƭ˹ֲõԤУǼȻѾ˻Ѩʲôµأ
һϮ˿ȹڿĺܵͣ¶زܽأüһҪĵ۾ʮֹңѩһͷڷɸ߸ߵ٣ͷҫ۵Ĺâʺ촽΢΢ҲǾŮӣЦģоԼһͷСᣬһͷǡ
￪ڵ˵ǰļҶءĻʱʵǶȾѵá
С㣬㻹ǿżɽɣʲôҪ˵ģҿɲΪǸгġ
һ㹴˹ָЩԸ˹ȥţӸµģÿﳨڣŰ۵·ٹ˹֣ʾͷ
ӣѶս㴽ĶߣջûȤһ죬ұֿ֤˳ΪӵиȨô
㲻̿ˮȻɫԼԼҪҪӦأ


2149 ʹթҲû
㣬ҲһʱˣѵǴСƢ㻹˽Ϊи׵ıӻƽƽ͵СѾͷûǰ;ġ
㻹ԥʲô°ͣģһֱϲ磬һûõĻƿĻǾ·һ
ץסɧС֣ûһ£Ｑæ˻û뵽˴󵨣ŶСûǰ;Ҳ֪֪ҿ϶ûǰ;ȻСûб£¾ʹ˱ˡ
һݣĵʶ̧٣ȻˣǾͱˣ˲ŲΪãȻҲΪСһԵһƺƺлأһжľƺûľֻֿҪһеĻؾܰ־Ƹֱ𵹳
ھһ֡Ĵҩ˵˾һԾ뷢й
Ŀ㣬оѾһˣ¡ȻͿʼһҾ˾СӪʵʩУǱĸ֣ôҲͽͣϾѾ˴
һ˵Ľӹһ٣ﻹܽ˰ǿƷǸҪȻ㲻ԸҵļҶҲȷǿȲ㡣Ҿһ㲻ҪˣһǿߣΪȻߣܼΣб磬Ҳó˲򵥣ϣԺǲΪˡ
㿴ﵹƣᣬ־ƵζЩͬһ΢嵭һ΢Ũôͬһ־أĵҿԭݶŮҪҡȣҪ˵˵ƴǣȻӪ߹һӰ
һΪԼĺ˵ˣôǸӰܻ˵һʲôˣߣȥ
һߵʱȴǰѺȻ֪Ҫ΢Ķ˶ƸˣҪҲǶ񶾵Ůˣ
˳ȥˣȴǷһͨļҶ·ѣ龪һصӪʣȶԼԵһƣ㣬֪֪ټҶû٣Ɑƣǽѿɺá
֪ѾˣȻЦǺǣƵС㲻ȻϲŮѡһ
￴¶ƣг죺ߣɪɪ¾֮ءЦ죬ҲЦ죬㼱뿪ʡﶾԼɾ;Ѹϵˡ
ôŹأ֪ҩԣֻҪһͻЧǰסĲӣɰһŮôˣʹ˼ƣȴ֪ȵľǡӭ㣬סĲӣȵȼյøӾˡ
Ȼôˣɣ޷Ĺ¡ȻʲôŮǱôţȴѣӵ˵ߣҾ͸ҽУ㵽׶ʲô
ʹĲס㣬ûз֮ͻȻ˹ƵѾʼԿסԼ֪㲻һҶǻ޷ֵĿ㿴仯֮ϼǶƾǴҩˣһ£Ů˻ǺݶҪԼȥ̽ôԼĳ̬Ǳ˿
㡭š㲻Ҫߡ
㱻˵òһŨܵĽëȻԸб˫ʱ޿̲͸¶ַ飬㲻̿ˮ˸òóԣȻֱץ˹ȥһѰסǷѩ壬⽷鰡Ȼ±ȻԲ
㳹װѳֲסˣС˶ΪҶԴҪⶾ֣ܴ¸ơ޵ڵԲ׵ظ֮ϣĿ֮ʱŷԼѾ´ˡ
ǺǺǣ㣬Ӳġ
ȻЩɬסؿڣȻˡˣǱôֱӵĿŻǺܺߣͨԶȥ̾ǲЩ⶯ಣ㲻֪ʱǰͬһ˿±£˿ɶһ˿ҡ
Цˡ
ﱻսţо㽥ĽԼУදԼ˵㣬Լÿһ缡һ⣬𵴵ļŸźյĻһֱĸо
ãڵĶƽϢ˵ĺˮʪ͸˴ûиоУſ㻳Уҩȥ֮Ҳ֪Լʲôˣֻ˳ıܾͶˣҧ
ҹʱ֣֮˯ȥҲйһͨоŮ˻Ǻܲģ̫һ㣬Ϊ˲ԼˣȻҪԼѵãȻԺͲôˡ
㿴һ۴ϵһ̲Ѫ죬ҪҪأˣ㴩룬첽뿪ӪʡڽĵԼӪڣԼô󺰾Ȼͳȥǵȵ˴ҹûжȻΪԼʧˣҲͰ˵˯ȥˡ
ֻǴһҵĴ齣ĴԼЩʹĸ£мԼĳٯٯ﷢һУûĸƻûʧƺҲû˻Ӧ
εĳͷһУԽԽϾֻǴҩҩǼ˵ıǵԼһͬ뿪ӪʣûлֽŵİԺǺ࣬ںĳһ߻һ˺ͷԼϣ۰׵ѩϾȻ˺üӡ
㣡ҵţҲɱйͷֻޣ޵ҧгݣûó㣬ŪԼﳤȥֱܴ裬ҪǼһʲôݣһͼļҶѡ
ãڲڣ
ȻſڴӵĽкʰ飬ܴ裬ɲ˵æѣȾѪĴֲƽˣԼĵһΣôˡ
磬ʲô£һҪ˯һᡣ
Ϊ氡ڵΪҲߣʰһΪǸһﲻ֪ôΪͻͽɲȻҪˣϿɡ
ŵŵΪȻߣһѹ磬練ѹһ磬㣬ÿζ⾪ϲΪǲΪˣȻЩʼɺһߴˡ
һͷҲһܹȥ㣬̫ˣһ绹ڻζŶлζ˳Ĵȥ㻹ں˯Ķ䣺㣬Ҫȥѩ
ţһɵЦֻĪȻϳһ羪ŵ֪ΣȻһ飬ߵĲСֹ㣬˵ѩԼﵹͷ˯ٺ٣ô㡣
յߣɤӣ˵һҪš˵һ仰͵͵һ졣˵ߴ̼໵ĴУһ
ʵ̲סǱͷ׵ģ㱻Цˣ˭ԼȴǿùԼ
С磬šôˣ
ַźһӣû𴲣ô𴲣ȥץѩ


2150 ץѩ
峿ʱ򣬴󲿷ʿѾȥɭɱޣҲֻмҶҵ֮ĶСŲҪΪⷽ浣ǡ˳谮ҲʮȾ޵ҵ֮Ϊ΢һСء
Ǿһջ񣬼췢ֲ³ӵԪԣӵõʹͣҲΪѾȾʮģҲʮַá
ҲҵõĽúһȾ޵ҵ֮оԼѾȾǿһƴˣ㲻ɵøпұǿ󣬽ƾһ˵㣬ôΪҷƴܵõҵֻ֮Ҫվջõ
ĻǣǰڵϡȻӵǣΪʱ򱬷ǿʺָ硣Ȼҵ֮Ҳ⣬ұڣҵ֮ô׻ãɭУҶնɱ޶ϽǷʹ͡
ԱǿһȤûУֻѩҲܶȥɱޡ
á˳ĸǲѩȥ
ΪԪ൱ҲΪΪ̫ߣʵףСطǿȻҲ٣ƴĸùϵʵҲЩηԪһùϵľԪʱԼ˵˵Ͼ磬ֵܶУοǱأ
Ĵ߾͵ڴˣ˲ģĻԪԿԲ˵Ļͱ
ãȥɣΪɲʲôǿҲ£֪ɭ֣ǿѾˣϾұôྫӢҶʵʮȾǿɶǽڴ֮ϵġĲŸô˵
᲻֪˼أ֩ĸֵʱĶ֪ȥˣҪ㣬ΪԼѾˣ㡣ĻŲߡû취Ͼһϵĵʵȷкܴİ
˺ܿ뿪ӪأԹĿıӰҲЩˬΪԼԴ٣ѵýɭ֣ԼﶼߣԻ˵İȫʵŮûлɭء
硭ȥɱޣѾȾˣѾѹһͷչȥҿѹס棬ǳɱˣ
ӽüͳγ룿߿ôԼΪԥ˵磬첻뿪Ӫ֮ڣҲ뿪϶ҲΪǲ뿪͵͵ĸȥ磬ҲͻȾѹһͷʱôܴʧ
Ӱһᣬɭ֣ʲôⶼУ뵽ĸţӾЩˣϾʵԼ߳һء￴ӵĵǣĵĲŪԺ㷢ǱߺӦҰɡ
첽ˣ㲻ЩǣŮ˲Լİɣ￴Ҳ㣬ΪԽͻԽǵһС磬¡
ĵȻˣ˲ĿҲʵûʲôѪԵϵΪԼǸãҡԼҪСİ
Ͳˣ߰ɣ߰ɡ
㲻ĺһۣߴĵ﷢ԼȻЩֵĸоæתˣȴ֪Լ졣
ҪץѩȻȽĵطһƬѩϲʲôΣգΪͷϵĿľȥ
𡢺𡣡
ѩûþһͳߵƺͷķڹľ֮ǰͷһƬѩ֮ϣһͷѩɫ׵Ĺһͷѩ
ͷܵĿ죬ʮʺҿϻɫӡâѩÿγ׵£Թɵ˺Ϊ㣬ٶȱܿܵĹ
򲻹ܣ
ָָɽԵһѨС㣬ǵ˵ҪȥǸһڿѩĳѨ㿴ǱߣѩءҪԼˡ
˳ָȥȻһͷոĸСͬķģæҡֱۣ㣬Ͽȥѩ̫ˣҲʱء
㵹Ǿôܾ֮ٳָãǹܿȾްѩҲǣȫǶ֡
ǵǡɱѩҪˣϿ취ҲܣҪ취һתɣҪܰǹܸܣҾʹӦһҪ󣬺ٺ٣ôĵôˬ
ʲôҪ󣿶Сֲܸʲôѽ
ʲôҲܸʲôұĶС㣬Ҫʲôһ㡣ЦЦģӣΪ˼æסظ㣬ʲôҾѽǼҶС㣬֪֪ǲܵģҵɱġ
ˣԼЦ磬Ȼôࡣ˵С㣬û취˭ôɫ
ʱûãʰǹܣ˵ҪʲôɡȭͷѪҺҲЩڣɭ֮ΪҲָ࣬ӵĸо쳣˷ܣǰһͷ׵ĹܣԼֶ
Խݴԣһ㶣û뵽Ȼսо̫ˣȻԽսϵԡͬʱβӶʮƣֻȾѵȾӵл׵Ĺܴδ̫˰ɣ
ӵҶҺǹܴǿһǸƾʲôʲô򣿡Ｅ磬԰꣬Ϸǣ˲ǸãȻٳûɱˡ
Ӹ˵ĵͷ˵еˣļƻ˳ҿǵһ죬Ū㣬Ǿ͸ˡ
һ뵽飬ԺоǺˮ齻ڵĳ֮ȥĪķ̫꣬ƻˣʶҵļƻˡ磬ʲôʱ֣
װ棬Ȳܱ¶ǵݣһص׼ͨ·ʧˣҲỳɵͷϡӵݸһ鲼ֵҲΪһ֪һ绹ȥƴĴǻǵȵ¶ʱ˵׼ԻءϾ²ʧ֣ʧǿɾͶСġ
ҲûбӵСĽǶԵģҲ鿴㡣Щˣ˵ЩɫȻսȾޣԼ״磬ͲȥĸЩЩĶԽսʵڲ磬ÿһ˶ԱΪһλ
ҡҡͷĵʲôأֻǸͼļҶֲʲôԣܿҪˣҲˣ磬²оͻˡ
Ȼվ̧֮İѩѩվͬһͣѩˡѩֿԣ࣬Ҫʲô
ޣͷС˵˻ܺãԸһҵʵ
ƾʲô㣿ѩѹ壬ʱ׼ܣȻѩоҵ֮ٻۣϤѵκ鶼֪ǶɹһٵףѩЩ㵣ˣ;ԼѩϽĿڣУҸ󡣡
ѩ㲻ߵôԼ˻Ļᡣ


2151 ֤Լʵ
𡣡ŭһĳֲûив֪ѩѾǱˡΪΪǵȴɱѩʱ˺ܾã֣Ȼˬ
ɫصĶſ׹һָжʱڹΧ֣ÿһһ״ŻŹܣܻƣҲֻǲ˼漴ΪɫͬĹʱ̻ŹܣȻ󷨵ĻѾγɡ
𡣹֪ܱͨǿƻɱȣʶһһͷ
зʼ΢΢漴𶯵ķȲϼӴ󡣹ϵ̼ҲĹâ΢ĵһȻãҪѿвϲ˫һΣΨһ鱦ɽѱдڹΧתʡɷǺÿ
ϹܵĲ˿ϸ֮תȻ𡣲ͣע뵽ɽ֮Уɽٹ󷨣󷨵ȶһԷΪ֮ȹ󷨣ù޷ƻ󷨡Ȼˣһеǰᶼǹûа취ԾԵƻ󷨡͹ߵΪֻ൱
֮ˮӿкΪΪûȫָԸоҪһУȴԸ˲ѡһˣܱȻҪΪˣΪǵĹǿ޷ܣ
ܲԼսѾʮִˣΪܱأҲûпƶͨܲ㻹һ⡣
һʽķһ֡鱦ɽУ籡һɫâҫޱȣмȥŹܵйҲһߣ빷ڡ鱦ɽͬʱ˹һ㡣ҲʼˡɫâһһӭϺͷɽһסֱ۴ϸͬޱȵĹٶȸֱӺܵǣʹĴѩزԽң֤Խʹࡣ
綼ˣǵͨôģ˺˿ֲӸɫʮԼ㹻óȻȥǰԻİȻܸȾĹܴѷѽ⣬ԣռϷ硣
룬һ䣬ο˻˯ԼǸҲЩˡ
Ȼȴ˲ЩͻȻϴŵĿף˵ΪܱܿȻ֮ɣǷĿף٣ǿһ˳ѸٱΣγһֹȥʹоͷۻޱȡǿ׾Ȼǻһ൱׵ķ
⡣авáԸѾƴȫʹɱڵ״̬ݽߵǰס
Ȼ֮ɹܲٿصģֻҪֲܼסӮˣΡȻȹһġҧҧһھѪ
ıɫһӱʮֲ԰סѪԺȴ̱鱦ɽգɽ˲⻪ǡѪâҫۣɱŤһֱѪɫǿԴΪŹܵʹȥѾ壬ĵڵϣȻһȻ֮
罫ȫΧһĪҪȥܷ߿ҲƵģҴһģûһʻͻǿһ֣ȻңҲˡ
漴оȻʮĺĪӿ֡дȴͷۻšƵλáҲͷϷһխխķ϶֣һŸֳ֣Ż򿪣Ҫ㣡
洫Եɳʯľȫ˽ȥѩŵüæԼĳѨ±ԶԶŵȻȴΪΪΪģѾγһڵ㱻ĪȴԽ룡
ڻָΪȫ޷ֵһֱӺûأ˼ͬʱ˳һ鲼ȴʿһȾֱȡԼ
ŵûʧɫѱ㣬ҧæȥֻһͷٲ㱻Щ͵Ϯ֣ӶԶӶԶ
㿴ûӴܣҲż
˫ַ׭ֵסȻ֮׳ҧźɫӵĺ𻯵þ޴һײȻ֮һšγһԿƴգ׳Ȼ֮Ҳǿ
ǣǶݵģмߵıܣʤһ㿴źɫİ͸壬֣âһһһϲֻҪȻ֮׵ôԼʤˣ
һɭ֣Ȼоһᣬ漴һţҲʧһɫĿ׵䣬ΪչеѾָԭģȴǱȻȻûڣ׻֡
˲оȻ֮׵ΣæӴܵķȥ
ƺжصĶ߹ʶһɨɭʮٻӰ˷ֲ٣׷ʿץ˼ٵķ㰵ޣվӰŮˣֶλеġ
ߵķ򲢲ãȻߵһϿȣһѿн׵ĴϿȣһƬ˲óȻȥϿǺڶģ⿴ž֪ȥûʲô·˵׼ʲôǿޡ
ץʮϿȱԵ쳣ˣӰ㵹ȥɾɭֵĺĵشˣǿ޲٣ȥɣ
ϻôʲôɱ
ҲҼԼķϾ綼ģʶͽֳֽһ˫̽өâƳһȦǿһᡣվǿһһķ硣
羪һһʧֱֱµȥһ뵽ԼпҪ鼱֮£У㣬ҡ
ոոϵ㣬ҲֱȥΪܼԦ֮ϿȱԵһɲǣ֪ԼǴĶôףŹֵɭ֣ôƽأϿȾȻҲһĪоԼʮµ
㻹Ǳס˾Źȵ磬߲һеı㣬ӵĿ޵㣬ΪҲˡ
εС㲻Ҫţһ顣
ҲŲҪأ취࡭һ취û뵽ֻһϿȾرĽﰵˬʵ㵹µȥᱻֻΪŹȲŻΪ¾Ҫˤѡ
ٶԽԽ죬Ӧٶȣ뵱ڴͨΪٶʲôۿһʱҪˣ˫ףݺݵȥ
䣡һͬʱŷ΢󲻹׵İ䣡绹ۣ㣬ʵ𣿡
ˣСģûˡ˵꣬ͻȻоͷһƬͬʱ̧ͷһľʯȴԭӺһ޴ʯͷݺݵȥ
Ҳû뵽Էһ֣æ˫һ٣أʯǾֹľʯ̧־ܴʮ飬Ͽȵ⣬ʹþʯĳң˫һ٣ѾʯͬʱҲܵоһ㣬һѪȥ


2152 дľ
Ȼ˵Ҫȥ˺ܾãɫȴûлصӪأʱŷֲͷܶǸֲֲ֪ɣߵþˣоܶ඼ظģﻳɭǷ·
Ҳ߲ˣһʿʵһĴСûʲô𣬿Ͱ͵쿪֣㣬߲ˣҡǿЦãʱú֣ôͻᰲ˸ѵǶȻôġ
С㣬˻ûȫأ޷ٻұɡ
һ죬˵ðɣҪ￴ɻͷģϾֻһҶνһ߰ɡ
㣡Ĺ죬ĵ쵰Ͳټһ˼Һۡ㿴Թ˼ʵڲߣǸһϢһᣬҲߡ
㰮զզأҷ߲ˡƲƲ졣
ɫܾұļѾϣˣ߲ȥҲɶݣ뿪һʼƬɾûˡҵ֮ͬģڵͱҪ̲߱չشתһлָʿǣ޽ѵһôǾҵ֮޾ôǿôǿʩչͨҲġ
ɫұ˶ᰲӪڣɭֵ޿ɶץһЩ䵥ʿ
ܿ쿪һªĶѨɭ֣Ǵֵɽ𣬵ʮַ㣬ּ򵥵Ĳһ󷨣̴ʮֺĿ㣬һҶôôأȻ᲼󷨣
ڻɱȾĹܵʱҲ󷨻ɱģڻܲ÷󷨣粻ˡҹʱ֣о˻ָĹ֮УҲܻʹָ֮죬ٴʱѾ˺ˣ㲻ϲû治١
ףüͷһ壬ոմϣͶķ󷨱ҪվȴǷ粻֪ΪſԼĴ˯ˡ㼱æ磬ݹһɳ棬ںİͣתͷֱߵķۣЩŹ֡
㣬ôˣǱ߲ͽʿѣʲô⣿ʶҲǲ΢һɨЩֵصͬʱҲƺܲΡ
ΪԷΪߣҲŸеΰ
һ㶣Ĳ⡣
˵ȻʲôյأҹҲʮΣյģطѾ൱ˣǹܣЩ޿ɶһʿӦģ˵ȻʲôЩˣ׶༪٣ǵķΣӦұʿ᲻֪˴ΣգɰҹЩ֡
ô˵˵ҲеǲðյģֻǶкôıһ޵ĳѨ˵˲ĶڱСиͿϡ㷢ǳЦ
пܣԭҲ£ԼͽʿеıﶯģˣôģֻҪǾ˳ȥӪˡô˵ҲҽˣûͷȥһΪЩҲп·ˡ
ȴ翴һ㣬֣ŶĶ࣬죬ǸȥҺװҺȥ磬ݹĿһˣܿ͵һϿȵ档
۵ʿӳ˽ʲô
磬ǵΪû𣬾֪⸽ѾȾ޳ûǲСˣܵĻҲûСһĺӣǵ˵
ߣ֪˵صΣգѵһ᲻ֻǸΣҲҪǱҵһӶֻұɻģɱôǣûüһҵ֮ͱȫҪȥˣкܶǣЩ⣬ӵȾΪ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ǶһĿߣһһٵ˵
Ѳʲô𣿲˵𣿡ĺӣͷеյĿڡ
ǰ磬ʲô˵ɣ϶֪ʲôͲҪԱһмɫŮӣҡߵֱۣ˵ĵı飬ظ˲ߡ粻мĺߵҪ
ðɣ˵ǿԣϾѰǿɲ͸¶ֺ򼴱ңҲҪܵǣ۾գȻʮŮӼѹ顣ϼƼ˲ֵܣʱ˵İˡ
ģֲǲ֪أȻؿƿԲ͸¶Ǻ뺺æظҲ֤˵˳ʮá
֮ҪܣΪұҲõϢҲ֪ɽȵشƫƧǰǿµģ˵ΪһԭǺܶǰˣҲûõǱԴǴδս֮Щǵĳɳ쳣Ѹ٣ճСҲӵȾΪҪ֪ǰɲġȺ仯Ȼʲô汦ǰҲҲӽǿߣۿһʮֵĿһĿɿڴˣĽء
Ȼɱ¾ܻҵ֮
ʲôЧѵǹʿĶǺ뺺һĭ˵ص˵һľ
ľͷʿϵıдԻʵʲôľͷڰ㡣һȻ˱ɵҲȤ
ߡǸòΪͨľͷĻСĽǽ󶯸ɸءľ֮֮½磬֪Դֻɱ¾Ϊ½ܻһЩ汦ʦֺٺһЦ˵
ȻΪס׷ġֻʿ͸飬ʯͷȵҲڻԵɺ֮£пܿǣΪһ塣ôһĴڡ
ֻҪѵĶ࣬ʿ˵޸岻ͬǧꡣпܽļȥΪθϼѡççɽ֮Сľܹͨģ򺱼ޱȡһͬ飬Ͷغ֮ܳɳģӵ
ԭˡһҪҵ汦ǾȲΪˡ뺺ӻȻԸɾʮӡ
šͶˣǿȻΣաΪѰľҲֵá˵ˣǴ󲿷ǽ춼ڶʿˣʣµĶûʲôɱ̣ᣬա롣һ˰ο
Ȼ²١ǾͳɣŮҲ˵
ãҲ͵Ȼ߹һЦΪһݹ⡣ǿߵڡһۡҲ˽ȥҲϢĸں档


2153 
ԵһƮΪһעĶݹ⡣ʼǿǸ˵ǿʣ¶̣˯֮Увԣͳͳҵ֮
ˣҲֻĵȾʵ繹вΪĻָʹõҲϢ֮ǲЩͽʿҲǷֲ˷ֺġǺ֪¡編ơͬ׷ٵİǡʹȷľԼҲ̸ȥˡ
ȻЩļһҲֻʶرǿ֮ˡд˱ˣһֱѾٶȶͶˣϾͬʱӦʿ٣ɲɣһö֮䡣
תۣʱȥˡһǿҲ쳣Ĵкܶѵ㣬һصĵص㣬ָȻոյϢ˲ʱüͷһ˫зӦ
¶𣬴绯Ϊһ硣漴Ͳ١
ǿߵһĵطǱƶ뺺ǰһⲻĴڣƺһͷǿǵĻǣǻǵıһһ׳ƿɫľԣľΪġ˿ȻܱȻȻգΪ磡
ĻӰǰһɲ棬һʷɽϧ˿档ͽʿıѿԼû뵽֮⣬һͷĻǣһ׽ǵ
˶࣬İҲ𽥸ӳ˵ƺռϷ硣Ͼûʵ壬Ҫľά̬뿪ľ̫Զߺͺ󺺺ܴ򲻹󳷡
ֻҪȵ˶ʱ򣬺ԣ
㵽ʱ򡣼ľôһдϲϽٶ֣һץһű˪ƾճ֣ӿΧͻȻɱ߶Ǵһ
Ⱦĸ֣߾ȵĽһ
ۿҪֵˣǾŭԭҪǳ⣬Ȼǵơȴ˲ǽĻ¡
ԷԼǿ
˪ѹһʲôͷͽǶɱĻȻԴСֻһζִ˿
˿ֵܹе˪ȴû˿Чţ뺣׵ˡ

һȡµٶȸˣƬ̾ͽȫѹư⺮۵ıĻһͷ
˫ָһӡøͣףƿر˪鱦ɽͷ˵ĳ֡ˣһĲ࣬˲һɱͷˣһϲ¶Ц⣬ָһһƬϼӶľ˹봢֮С
ͨľѱӡˣνȫѹ򣬶Щ˵Ĺ͡ڴһģһϻȡ˳ľ棬һϻʧ̲ѣҲĿɿڴ죬ȴʲôҲû˵ȻַסˣǾôɵˣôó
ǿʳ겻Ĺأ㲢ûоʲôףȻȷֱɱʿߣȻҲұԹʲô㻳ܷԸĻǣϾӵȾʵ
˶һۣϱȻΪݱ˳
ǰһؿƿǱΪʦֵߵҲͨһͷ絷⡣
ǰǰ顣뺺ɵϣɫһ䣬Ҳæ
ƲƲ죺˰ɣ㣬Ҳͦġ飬Ҳû˵һ˦Ƭ˪ӵ֮ɫ˪ɱģǿɶڰΪҪɱǣȻԴСæԦҪӿϧ˪֮ڣǴ粽ƣһӾͱ档ͷؽᣬܿ²ѡ⻹Ĵʴȣˡ
ɱǣȻҲԼº󻼡ոտɲǽŪΡʩչطĨȥһʱؼ䡣漴㻯Ϊһɵضݹ⡣뿪ǿߡȴǼǻصұӪأ
ԭô·ʵͲһ͵Ӫˣڼһ¾ܻȥϣҲΪõľС㣬ľ治Ҫ
Ҫϵ׷󲢲ôΪ֪ԽǿͻԽѵҡɫиױӹҲܿģûʲôഺ־ֻƽĹһҲȥɱˣȻǵ
Ȼˣ͸ҵģһǻҪģٺ١
㿴¶һŽݵ磬ⷬ㲻֪ΪʲôͻȻоһӣҫɺ⣬ҫۡȻŮӣޱ⡣
Ȼһ˲䣬һڣɬϿʱ˵õģܾҾͽ㡭Ǹ㡭Ҫ⴫ӴȻҵ֪˻ɱġ
ˣϵʪӡѾͷǵǵ°
ݸһЦСǻҪҲ˵һź㣬»صøҪ
һȥ˱ƽҲѰε˻ûκϢӺ쳣ˣΪǵļƻˣ⿴˵ĵɫǾ⡣
һԵϹܼҰοˣһжжϷȥҰɣĪҪļ
ֻܲǽϹܼѾΪ˳ˣϹܼĿǰ̣ΪϹܼΪߵģҲΪ룬εҡҡͷˣܼңȥϢɣҼἪġ
ʱ˽ʲôࣿͻȻ˳һȻˣǾϲҲǾšӶǾţǺָֻܿƽ
ǼǵԼװ棬ӱȻˡ
˸֣ǰס磬ȴǹ۰ѽȥˣ֪֪Ϊﵣġ
ҲǰãҲܵ㣬ػض˺ܶ飬ûҵ㣬Һñü࣬ƽٺһЦлҹģֻһЩ鷳㱣ûµġ
ֵǵ΢ĩΪôܰﵽأҪûаƽһ
Һˣ³Щ˵ɡǵճˡһԵķңǸ磬毺õѾɱ⣬õļƻȴʧˡõˣȴԼļҶ
УҪʰǸ㣡


2154 
һͨ޹¿ʱӺ󣬵΢΢𶯣գۼ䣬ʮֻѪģɢŶʬϸʱЩʬȴѪܵģѪƺոձʳһģǿǸոձɱʿ̫ˡ㣬ǣ
ٺ٣ǲ֤ʵЩǱħĲҸħ˯ߣʵڸ࣬Ҫǰȹһأ
ҿСħСǲ٣Ǿû˵⻰ħͷսСկӵͷˣȻԷ¶棬Ǵ¶治ͺˣҲ룬һȥ˫ȭȭͷ䡣
žžž󣬲֫Ƿ׷£̼ʮֻʬǲкѾȫƬ
ģ˵֣㶼˵ˣЩʬ⣬ûһвѽ
ǸŵħͷüһһĹ򣬻ƾЩʬ⿴жٽˣֱԸͬһĶְɡ
һħͷһ£ղŵصʬһħǵĻǸ˳һĿŤħ귢Ƶĵͺƾ㱾¾ң
ŵһ಼ۣħȺͻʱ䣬ѾƣûӽͱУǻҲһĻ棬ȻȲףҲǼǿħ귢ҵȻֱһƴͼͷȴǲܲãһһۻֶ
䣡
ħ꼸ͬʱըһ͵ըҩƻ޴϶ըһӣħһ֮£һ̣ʧˡ
䣡䣡䡭
һӦʣµʬҲһһһԱһ㣬ֻǿ֣ȵվԭزƬ֮ͥŲ˳˿
ٺ٣ܺãܹԳһЩŵǸħͷٶ㲻Ϊ⣬ȻԷ֪ԼΣԼıأΪΪûлֱָӾŴ
ȻЩ£ҲҵϺзˣֱøͬĶ֡
ڵԼҲ֮۷ˣҲǿȾҲܻɱͷ죬͸оˣԷܸǿһܿ죬һħʿ˳ķϿƺұһҶһ鱦ɽ
ʧУǰϹܼҵĶӡû뵽Ȼ
ֻ߻кܶ౻ħ룬ֳħɵıУƺһϡ
Ⱥ׼㣬һħֶɷһ㣬ܼ£ֱֵʵʵ
⻹ǰ㱻ͻħһΪЩǽɱû뵽ȻֱӱеġƫƫЩħҲϾΪûлָħ壬Ҫ
ЦǶСΪļҶգҾΪҵħūΪħЧ
ֻǱĹʽһȴη壬Ҳһ鱦ɽһ죬۵һν֡ȫն֧֧ϸħУȥ
һʮħӦΪأǺܿʹۣصУ
ƲѣЩħıУ൱ӦϾۣɢ۱ˡ
սʧЩ໵ĳħկڣʮֻбܿ嵽ߣ㻯һݹ⣬ʩչͨȴЩܱȵģӰѾ಴зɽһӣҪͷܣȴһɷĽշɳԽͷײϳϵʯͷΧȻַ˻ղով׼ܣһǷĽ塣
ۡһûгŵѾһµµ춯ۿ״ȻʶʲôϽһͷܣ͵ظоͷһವĽ磬һСͷӦƮ䡭
б֮ⰢеķɽĽȻ֮ǿҰȻ͵Ϯ֣ҪԼСħͷڻҡ
Ϊ˲ٴα͵ϮѶҲҲշɽৡһͬӳȻԼաǣһǿޱȵĽ˷ͬ޼᲻ݵľӣݵһ㣬γһصķײЩֵͬһ㣬Ҳ˲ţұֻʮӹ򣬾ͱǵַܼĽ֮и֧飬ǵС첲ССԴӨӨѪˮҽ˷
ֱڼʮֻȫ࣬ȻеڳڷӰбһħͷĿɿڴҲǽüͷղѹûл͵Ϯ
ڰħͷ첻һ̾ýСˡ
ǿղڰеĻӽ裬Ǻÿһɣ㵱ȻǱȽɻҪĴڣֻڻûָˡ
óһŵҩԵҩ򲻹㡣㣬ôΪβ뿪Ҫȥħ
㲻мôΪҪǵνħߣͲȥħдһΣ
գһЦЦ㣬㣬ء
ǺǣԴ޵У˫һһħϱüͷƾϢѾԽԼˣ׳Եʲôҩ
ʼʩټâǿĽʳɽͼѰڽȦ֮ڡ
ǺǡЦЦĽոҪʱתӷɿ¶ȥٿһ£Ȼðٽͷʹ¡ԾĶԿֻû
ոձܿȴһţײڵϣȻһħ
㵹£Ҫʵħͷ죡Ϊ̫ࡣ
һȻѭ֮֮ϹܼƽʱҲûٸôۿԼĽ֮ڵĽݺᣬȴô˲ǰ˷ϵشӵоԼʶѹ֣޷ٶϤĳ֣ڱƣڱ
ٺ٣СӣһΣͱʲôаǵ汾³ҿɲŹ㣡ûͷۣô죡ħͷĹ𣺡ʩչȫ죬Ҿûκܿˣ·һŶҪħūΪħЧ
ûİҲյĹЦ
ȻһǰʱйȴʹùΪھڵۻ֮û׼԰ҲܴЧֻһ뷨Ҫ뷨ҪץסУµҩİΪѾվȾٶȣշѹģҪǰñܿԼĵͨԼ


2155 һչͨ
ף˿ٻԼ֣ÿԶԸһһػƵսǺħͷͿɲöԸˣľУ˼һᣬǾҪƴ˲ץס֪ķӵжʵղһţҲûоۡ
Ҫڼʱɱþڰµķûٻ֮ʣһٽץסö⣬иյõȻ֮Ŷֵܵһ°˺
㲻ܣֱӭ˰ķֻӲ˰һȭ΢΢һʹв֪࣬Ƿ֪̾ߣգۼĹվŲһ˪ֱӰѰס
ҲоˣΪס㲻òԼܿ죬˪ҲѿˣĿۣ˰ıʶѹƵ£ƾۣȷЩ
ಡâӳֱ۵ӰӶһƬԼķûһ˿ϵʹ޷ٴλҪص棬ȴ䲻ٶȶȻ˼ʹѾ˲â
ոѭ£ðӣһѪƮɣӰһƮѾϵǰһץסļӲ˳սˣϰѪܼĽһݿľ໽ţƾϵĲǿмܣȴ޷ΪҲ֪Ӻη
һ籩Ĺ֮󣬺һ죬ͬľȻ
һŤͷüԿųħͷÿħͷϾֵñΣеСҹֽžȥǽԼҲɱˡӡڳһ־Ȼڳš
һһģħ꾪ŵӴܣ󼱣е㣬ҪˡϷŹȥһ֡
꣡һѿ֮ϹһˣһСĢڵըױͿЩˣħ껺̳֮󣬳һɫ쵵ļӲʯ
ǣ첽߹ȥʰ֮ϸ쿴оϲѣȻû뵽ЩħȻ۳ôǣＫط˵ĴڣͬʱȻ˼ˡ
׬ˣôħͷһһǵöǸԼָΪȻΣգҲ൱ջ㱧𰢸ߣʩչ˾һˣҲóԼĵҩֻǰݵĻԣûѹ
һͨܵսİڹ졣ħߵǰկеħͷʶˣ֮ͬ޷֮ƥУӵڶǿͨħͷʮֲˬòѹħǰկȷ棬һʰˣҿɲûˡ
СӿȥֻȾȴȥȾİƷǾḻڶ࣬ǰԻ֪˶Ϊ
ءءأһضɽҡĴһͷţʨӣëɫҰ׵ҰħףһͷֱĶ㣬ôһվٲȻһþĥѵħһָĪĸо
ٺ٣ϣʼҪһЩʿΪ̫ͣħ޷ҵ飬ɣԡ
㲻ÿɷʼ磬Լ䣬ԼΪôͣôأ
ǲǴ㣬Ҿȥħߡ
ҲΪʲôҪҿԸ㣬̤ʬȥҲᱻħɱˡҲܴܵġԸΪħЧܱ֤㲻
ЦɷȮޣʲôħħħѡʲô£ūţôţҪΪħЩͺ˲𣡡
Ƴһۣô˵ǻ඼ˣǾֵ¼°ɣһ仰δܱһսһ೤Ϻɫͬһޱȵһֱ
˼гһδѾظо̺֮ǰЩϺзȻͬϢ
׼ȷ˵һ֮£ǹɰԵĽкˡһԾգǵɫͬһһ㣬εĵսȥȵգǽ˸գһΧ۵Сħͷ֮ϣʱǧͷ꣬˺ҧʳЩ޹Сħͷ׷׻ɰ׹ǡ
ħҧն
ϵħʽθλʱϢʵ㲻ʲôĽУҲǿеıһ֮£Ľ̲صԩ壬ǿɱ֮⣬߻ᱻٹħϢΪֲĳ˺һܻɱͻǵĻǺ;Ѫ׳ԼһԽԽǿֶΣ
ΨһǣҲлǿüԦħе޷ħ̲֮صǧħ꣬ᱻɡֻаԹĹҲ쳣֡
㵱»ӶзɽһǿȥޱȵĽֱȴϣҲ֮ͬһ㣬ɽֱֱش˹ȥȻһ˺Ҳûɡ
ħʣǿֲ񰡣
ԼĽǻӰֿ죬һּթζобǬԼܾʹ˷㿪ʼ׻ˣʵǰɣǲħߺúõôôܳˣ
ߣҪлЩ֪࣬ħͷħ˾ħ棬ܸһʿͱӡˣҲ֪ȥˣû뵽ӵ˶ޣô࣬ٺ١
ȻԭΪұȥħߵķӡһЩħͷ˳̿ɻɻ
˼ôԸͷħͻȻһ̣ವһȫһ׹⣬ֱе
꣡
һȻֱ˹㼱æὣ񵲣ֻһ죬ܵǧ֮ػһ㣬ֱ۶ˡ׼鵶ػֻͷһѾ׼Դ£һƴֱп֮ΰһӲȥмܣֻ÷תӣ֮ɵĲҲޱȵţ
ǳսĵĶͷ£ҵ棬䣡һͬ׹ը죬ٿʱѾѿһĴӣ
ã֮򣬿Զû㿴ô򵥰һҲǿˣղϻŵ֮ɫǿָ֮˵ơ
ͷ亹հղżǾҪԼǹӲСЩɾҪˡ
ղűеʱŷôһ˲ħЩ仯ƺֱʵ壬ȻδԼأתħʣ֮յʱĻܴģϾղһȻѪӿǲ
һеķɽǵĽһ˰УɲǼûްĽӰû˿ȣŰеĽӰü˵Ӧþǿֶˡҵġ
Թô֪˵ţеĽӰȻųĿĽâϢֱʣһ̣ѿӣӰ·𻯳꣬кȥ
죬â̹ǡ
úãشЦЦݵһͽסˣΪâסˣ۾һֱղһ˲䣬㿴ˣ粨һһ£϶ħʻˣûʵĻʱһơ
ľٶЩסˣû뵽ƾһι֪ԼܣĹ۲ϸ΢ֹһַ˱仯һȣӰк¡ͷסͷʹõҲ֪ʲôħϾһƬƬɵĺɫۼףӨ͸ۼ׻ӣգۼ㽫嶶סˣܲ͸硣

Ϸ˴̶𻨣ȴʼմ͸ۼס
ͣΪ͡
ٺ٣ϿóȫʵӮҵġ쳹գͷһսջһϺɫħâŨʱ۶Ө͸ʵʣȥ
һû뵽˱ɣͻȻתԼҲǴΪջЩħͷǴ㼱æ˽󣬸ϵǰһףǰħսˣħٹҧ磬ǿɾûˡ
ޱ飬û˿⣬ɲ֮ٴγ磬˫ƺ͸գܲ͸ȭӰͽдϢĻᣬʱ̶ת
ԼСϷ㿴ҾӲӲħʵ磬ֻǶݱ任ѡûˡ


2156 
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״̬֮󣬶ĸ֪ҲޱȣǿҲɼԶʤͬ羳Ķ֣

Ĵ뻯磬׼ȷޱȵصĽ֮ϣ籡Ǳƺػ˾ʮȣ̶ΪӳֵҲû۶ϡȻһͣ𵴵ݵϣ΢΢飬ķӦ죬Ȼѹ棬峯ǰתĽ⣬㡢Ĩǰһһʽɱ֮⡣
ΧԲʮڶ֮£ĸ㣬Ѿ޷ܿҲûҪܣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͷһսħСһָཻƺԤ֪һλãڳ֮ǰ㽫ȷޱȡ
߶൱ŵľŰһȴİѰŪˣԭڽţѰֱ۵ʹˡС㣿ߣöħͷ
ʲôѽѾǹŹ߹һѰĹ˵һ飬Ϊ˾ԼȻʹó˵ķӣʮָжἺΪ˵ľ񣬿νǰôһμ
û뵽˾ңҰһ죬ҵĴ磡Ƶ˵ȴǱָһã𳳣Ǹħͷء
һ˦֣һ¹˭ֻδ֪˲ʱ֮н޴Ӱӳֱײɵħţһӵסˣ˿ûбħ߸ʴļ
ԭصʱŭĹֽУɱһǿҵһµסоԼ֪ʧˣ
ʲôоԾˣһʼΪһͷɫľо˿ֻԼԴԴϵʧ
֪Ѿ̫ˣһʼסħעʧܡ
𡫣ֱӹᴩһ磬ħɢΣأղŻһ˲ɥҹɫħ۵ҲһԵʮֿն
ֳףһ£Ѿħ屾ѾƻǰŴУᱻħɱ˵ģõģ
žһ״£Ҳ൱Щħͷʧһɲǣħ׾һɲһ龧Өǵ˳
ϲͬʱСħͷ⣬ֻЩСħͷ飬һɿܵҲ»Ҫȥħߡ
Ͱۣòŷ̾㣬
ڨЦ߰ɣܾһЩˡһȻӣҪȥħߣæҡͷС㣬㣬ǧҪħǿ߾ԲܶԸģ㿴ͷħͷƵǱˣʲôأ
᲻ֻ֪ǵ磬ΪħߵΣվͻġ˿̵Ǳ˵Ļˣǿľ㣬Ǻʵʵ⣬ҲԸ˵ħͷô֪
Ϊ˲ȥħߣȰС㣬ҵӦҵʮȾǿߣǻġ
˼ʱ򣬺Ȼһ˳ħǱߣҹȥǶţչ˺öС㣬ЩСħͷҡ
㣡ģȥԼĸףȴֵԼȫû㰲οûϹܼΪôߣµģǰĵһȣȥǰ濴
ǰͷһСկ㿴һ˼ͷƺĵȥȣȻˣǾһ°ɡ
أ
أ
һǽںҹ졣ûұʿ£ҵĶᵽɤˡһ޻ˣҪǱħް
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һСħͷ˷ܺС
Ӫկħͷʱ޽ľݵ㣬ȻִľͷҲʮ׸ߣ糱ˮӿıħ޵ĳ֮ͬһʱٵĴӣϵľ׮ÿʿҲòٴӦս޳
ЩʩǵĻ硢籩ʯȶĴڳǽϣʿֱұļҶ˭ʹͨأֻƬ̣ǾҪħ޸ɱ
Ⱥӵʿֳַڰգȳħ޽Χɱħ̫࣬ںֱֻײǰ棬γɰе̬ƣʱ˻սżлɵϮұľӢҶҺࡣ᳤ڻһݹ⣬ѰӰ
죬Ǳߡ˪񣬸ȥϣв󡣡һΪǿұִ³ȣƯŶ̵󷽣ʮұҶɱڵظȥȻͷϷͻȻһУһͷʵвȾʿͺӥٸ壬תγ׵УץĴִ¡
Сģһѣ鱦ɽ֮ȫַɳ
ۣɽºᴩͺӥ壬ͺӥҽһѪƮȴδɲסƣȻˤڳͷշӦִȴײ÷ɳȺ֮УȺڣһ˲ûӰӡ
㼱ȥ̽ͷһ˲ͱͷҧʳˣԼΪ൱ִ¼ûлӿȺħʵͻĻʵ޷Ӧ
쿴ʲôͻȻؽָǰͷһȺ֩һޡͷƤһ飬ǲ֩ĸôôడұħԸУΪҲֱȾ۷壡
æ˿ʱһֻͷ֩һĹצﱼȥһĳչѪɫĺ⣬̽ʿͺжһס˿־ǣЩ֩뾹ȻӵһħܸǰᲢۡ
Щħޱǿ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ֮ܵ˼лУȴǲȥԸηˣ𽥿ʼɢˣЩħ޻ԱˣԵĲԼԼܶɹһ٣ⲻ֪ú޷ӿħ׸ơ


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£ܷɢߡ侲طԸʮҲ֪ɢֻĸʿսսض󣬷˾ʵδӦЩް˭
ϸ۲һᣬŤͷһǰľȻ᳤һȵĺɫװͬһŻ棬Ӣˬ
㣬ôղôû㣿㲻е⣬ΪˡڼһɲǣоѵƽϢʮ⣬ȻΣյĸоΪʲôͻȻûˣΪĳ֡
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㷢˵е㶶ƨҲ֪Щ붨Ȼ൱æսˣܱ뿪ġ
϶Լģ˯ԼҪԼϵõ࣬ûţһҧŤͷмҶȵȥиһ£ղѾұĴ󲿷ֺܿعġ
ӼȥȥˣԸʣµʮʿɽǰ˼ЩʿơЩʿսսؾŴ󽣳ʰλס¶׳֮ɫ
㣬쵽ҪܡԲɵԥһ»ߣҲܸõıͬʱҲö⣬ȻвԼİȫʩչͨˡҲһ˿ϣ˵˿ôܾȸˣ
С㣬֪֪Ƿнħߡ
һ۵ûôǧܣǻ㣡ΪôͣȥʮֲǵҪԼҲ߸ˣŲŮء
ûãзɢʿִ¼һɽħ޹Ȼܹ࣬ķΧ̶û֣΢õ˴ϢĻᡣֻǺþ
꣡꣡꣡
һͬﱵһİɫȳʿǰʮľ룬űһһûòںСеķɽת̵ķնȥնϡ׵ǸħϹ˸绡һҲ֮±ˤ˻ȥ
˼״ȴûɶ˷ܵģҶߣղɽնʱδҿúɽûն֩Ƥ⣬˵֩ķΪǿǰ֫ļӲ̶ȲеɱɽǱǿĳ˻ȥѣ˵ǲʹǶ˵ȴɵĹˡ

֩ǰ֫ʮʿޱȵķɽеĹֽʿɵǽﱵһǰ֫չѪȵɱ¾ǰŵʿеĴ󽣴֮ϣеͷųıֶΣͬʱһʱЩʿĻǸУʧȥǵʿѪһͣ֩һͳ壬˲ϢѪɣҽɫɷףæҵָŷɽҿʮལŽˡ
ȻҲаæɱһЩ룬Ǻ̫ˣɱʤɱһ֧һѾûˣˡ
Ȼ֩һ˶ˣĴǱƶǵģ״ѪȡЩնֽŵʹزҺţ˿̵ðźֽţսѾҲӲ
ȥ˻С㣬Ҵ߰ɡСҲϣ
﷢ԼˣǲǰʧӣȻ˭׼ߣ˭Ҷһ±ɱ˭ҵǱ˺ܿͻǵģ㣬û뵽ô˽
㻹˵ʲôصһۣٶ˵һ䣬һɱˣˣֻһҶʱըúúãҪӿɲȵȣаӻǺģ㻹뿪ġȻ᲻ˣɡߣҪҲͬĸĽãҲ㡣
У
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ȥֹǣﱻŵɷףһƬհףʿȥղ뼸ΣѾٵˣԼҲˡ
ʣٶʿɪɪԥŲ֪ô죬һѾǰΪӴӸµХûмŽԲڵĺâ˸ʮֹ졣
壬ǿ𣿡ȵ
㷴Ҫ壡ͲɢŤͷݺݵص㣬ָӵ㣬㷢ʲôҲӣ
ƾҸںǵķʽֻ޹ȥ㺷ȻطûղųȥʮѾ𣿡
гһӣˣغȵ壬˭Ҳ壬ɱ⣡³ͻȻΪȻ㣬ҲûֳڻңҲûϵŮ˾ȻԼЩȻԼǲӦò뿪أ
ѾˣħޣѾʧȥǣ
ڵŵɫͷˣӮˣΨһźһŴǶֻȥҲҳ壡ﳤָʺɱζҪըˣŭȵˣһ˹ȥ
ңҴңŭ档
˵ˣΪ֮ģҷҴˡ
ͫһ԰ԼŲռˣô˽ѵʧǴֺʧģＱæס㣬סϻʹ㣬ҡҲǹģ˭㲻ҵҡĵġҸǺýã㲻ңģҵҲŹġ
˿λߣǸ
ҡԲҴˡﲻĵĵͷŵѾˣȻҵǸһͼļҶһţ


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ŵѪɫҲǵһʲôǰͷЩȾʿȻֵסƬ̣ԥһ£ȵߣŷתҪɶ뿪
ǣԴֱײһ֮УʲôʱСΧڱ˽磿
ߴߴߴߴΧħͷŪЦ
˻ɱǰڶҶͳǰεĿﾪһͻȻһק㣬Լǰ㱾Ҫܣײһ£ûӦû뷴ƣ־ŭ
ʱɫħѾͷǶ㲻ˣǹɿ͸˿־壬ҪǱţ㲻ҲöֶϽˡ룬Ѹٵתȥף壬γһ㻤֣ЩɫħһԣһǰԾ˭֪ǽ죬üСĻСҪԼһˣԾԶĵط⣬ڱϰŸʩչȥӵˤ׿⡣
ͬʱһƺߡһ壬ҲҿˤµʱͷųŰף˲һƬյء֮һְסزԲģﲻһһƬհףֻҷԼ㾹Ȼ˴󵨣ŭһֻץô
쵰㻹ңɱ㣡ﻺһ߰˶ȵļУƿϵˣὣҪͱ͸
ͻȻоһɱ˵ĺ⣬ЩħħͷۺͻȻ˻һٱٶȾȻʮֿ죡ʱɫòҰףͷܣһ㣬סǣҶΡ
վ˿ƣĽܵסԼĶȴ޷赲ʿֱ뿪ȫ׻ƣȫЩͽħͷȻವĳһ£ŭɶغȵ㣬ͣµסǣûУǡǡˣͷҲء
˽Ůˣñгʮ˿飬ܣߵʱߣҪߵʱȻԼ汳治֪ŮʲôŲ˿ͣ˽ʮ׵ľ롣Ҫҧˣƴ׷ϣҪͷףڶħͷҲûô˳㡣뵽ᱻնʳǣŵɷףԶȥΣԽԽԶȻίñһһ߿޽а󣺡㣬ȵң㲻ܶң۸ңءһҹްҹҪҸ𡣡
ֺֺЦмĻͷָܵøӿˣۿҪ뿪緶ΧˣܳȥʹöˡУ֮´㣬ث֣ǲˣһŮԼ޲Ķ
һҧƤƲһҪɱԼˣոߣȴҽһ̧ȥŲģһħס˫š
㣬ң㣡ſǻУѾе㿹סˣЦһŤͷߣȻ뵽С֪Ҷȣ᲻ᡭˣ޴һΣ
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ܣһߺȵһﻤ
ûתܣһס﷢񱼡عסĸ첲㽫һ㣬԰׵ز㣬ңȥõĺôһĨģסҵĲӣһҪģ
Ŷһ£ԷЩپ࣬ٶҲϲ٣׷ħͷֿ˼ʮס
ŵȶЩһɣöͷʹصѹϵ£ҪԼǧ֮ˣղֱһΣǰС뻹ʹһԼŲʡԽԽֱ㱧ţֻȫ¶ռ˴ˣ㴦ԼԣȻԼԼԼֿſϻͷ̫㱻ħͷˡ
ûʩչͨ赲ǼһﰡҪ׷ˣͷҲȾΪˣҪֹĽŲܵġ˽緶Χܰȫˡ
ڶøжûУȻûкɫķʩʱԽԽһĹʱˣһֽĿװʲôˣҲܣ
⧲֮±ĵù˳ȥؿһѪѾĿǴڸղŵ˿ϰ㱻õڵϡ׷ħͷ״˷ܵһӵϡ
ＱæȾܡ
Ȼбһͷһ°ɫ˿˫ֱסڵء˻ﱵĽһӣŵϵǱع汻ʯм׷ɡһתһǶȣﱵַ䣬¶ɫƺڸأ֮յعԱߡ
㱾һ״̬ѣֱ䲻һƣѪڵ϶ãʶһѳ㵲ǰƿڴҲ١˹ˣǧһʱϵȻ֮ҫһ̹⣡ֳһ͸Ŀס
ģﱵĽžȻˡϲ뱻һɲǼ䣬ˢһһȫԸĽԴžʹվʹ˹ȥⲻ޸ײ˺ԼŮ˵һơŴӾлعŵص㣬ɱˣ
ͷðĺ飬촽԰ףҧվĺڡƺһҲԼʲôԣվ˷ȹʵ㣬ôһ㶼һļҶѽôô
˺ܿӳ˽磬ˣҲûħͷʩչȴˣֻܾܵȶһ˵Ҳû뵽ԼûиħͷţǱˡ
żͷ˿ڿܻʱܻȥǱߣֻǱȥһͷӦԼӡ㲻Լ΢𣿸ң
תضһŴŭʲôʲôף˳˲𣿡
žͻȻ̧һĶ⣬εǼ࣬סѸٺգź㣬ֱ죬һƬհףʹֱ쭡
žһƣһҲͨ죬ŭ⣬㣬ԺԶ㣬Ȼһɱ㣡
Ыĳ׳⸱壬ղžӦŭһ䣬תһȳһյ߿ܿԵ


2159 ɱ
㻹ҴҡҡȻֽ㲻ֹһδԼˣС󣬻û˴ԼûõļҶȻԼҪţҵţҵɱġ
ߵвңвң뿪Űɣ
һοɱ񣬶ʱŵûһ䣬ɱңҵұıҶҰëҲˣ
㵭ҽһ飬˶ңֲˣȻˣ̰֮ͽǲģڸղţȣ㲻һƿѣˣǱ˯ģò˵СòĻǺܺõġﱻýǱŭ̼ñ߳쵰ɱ㣡ҿ󣡡
˵գͳһƿӵҩһڳȥ񵤣һ뾳磡㣬
гʣ״̬ѣѵģ˶ٴλս֮У죬ƾḻľ鵲һһĵ⽣ӰһԿ˽ٽȻֿţغݺݶӡָЩˣ;ֻһɱƵˣҲЩ˺ۡ
ռϷЦ𣿼סݡҶԶǼҶūԶūţӵģ
üͷõĵҩѾڵϿǴγԹģ񵤡Ϊ֮ԼԸһսǳԼִûõġҪôһ͹ɱҪôӡ
ҲǴŴ۵زĺˮδ£˺ۣ΢¶һ˿֮ɫһͷܿҾܴҪ֤֮
㵭糣ᱻһ仰ŵ˴ϻôࡣ㲻Ҳ֪񵤵ĸãһʱɱ㡣ɾҪɱԼˣ̬һת㣬ôǾȹңԹ־ܣСĽţҵūţС˴ǿһĻᡣ
˵ʱ͵͵óһƴǣַڱûãһᣬǾΪŨˬͬʱĵôôأ˵ʹթѾˣһҪҲ࣬һȻ֮ףк𣡡
ö⣬Ͷ
ͻȻ̧ͷĿȵȥֵ̿ӡʶؾϲŤͷһ£磡ûˣʱ֪мˣɽæơ
˼鱦ɽףԵĻķɽ϶µնȥ׺֮ɫ˵ˢﱻһϣȴûһ˿ѪƮɣģҲᰡ
ţ
ȻоԺ磬ﲻ֪ʱѾԼȴҪģӲȫһȻ֮׸һɫĹƣĹҲǰգôˡҲݺݵĺһȭ壬ߡ

ͬһŵʯײϣҲʾһһѪɫ辵Ѹۣ⾵ȴͻȻһżȭͷһģһȭ˻ͨȻģܸżͨ˶ܵĳȫˣﱾΪǿ֮ĩˣɽȫǣͽȻı̻ˡ
Һһͬ߷һ𣬳ʧȥƣڿе䣬һѪ㱻ͨΰأֻתð⣬ڹԸ˫˫ˮ֮С
ֻһȫ峺ˮУ˳żιȥΪƲᣬֻǻҵĹʽطһ󣬺Ȼоһգ׹
ȻٲǵùһհףԱߵʶץצԼ˶ˣһ˲侹Ȼж
ˣٲ
һ죬˫˫׹ڶʮˮ̶ˮҲħԽԽԶ
ˮĴŰߵĶ쵰ʯƵ۾ѾˣҲ֪ˮ嵽ʲôطֻ̡㶯һ¶ѣȴزԼϣһһʪĳͷ
ͷһ£ֻСƤ˫˫ŽǯסԼ壬ͺԼͷԴԼؿڣͷɢǲ
һҰ޵ĺʱˣȴǿǰԼȹͷԴ㣬ƺ֪ˣȻ󷵻غ㲻жû뵽尡Լ
뵽еɫΪûлظˮ̶ĵ̣ɴ͵ϢһᣬоָĳԪǱȥȻҹһعǰ֮ϰ˵֮ɱ⵹˺ܶࡣ
û߼µĶ쵰ʯͦһСıˤʱڵأѹϣֻĺȻһҲۡеﱻһˤʱſС³һںˮ۾ΪǰΪ˶Ը㣬񵤣˿̵ǵҩĸʱڣ׸ʱ
ԺӸµı˺һŻعŲԼϣưŻˣһܰ˶Ĥ𴩵ļУҪû˵㲻ͣĶս
ҪʲôȻɱˣ׹ѣڵĴ۾･һ˿־壬ȷԼûȤǶԼСȤ㣬㡭ʲô㲻˺ңҿӡ
ﲻ˵ãһ˵ŭ㡣ͻȻսʺŪôЫŮҲẦ£ɫ԰ֽỨӿŭңҲŲЫǱࡣ
ҪģûôҪġ
治ڻڸģ㣿˵飬ϲϣ˵˽ݶ˵𱨣ϲϣ㻹ࣿǰǣ֮Ͳˡҧ´㣬ɱңɱҰɣҲһˡ
ѹϣѹظоŵŤмΪС


2160 һ֮
״㽫Լ͵ˣʱˣ㽫Լ͵ˣְ̿㡭ſңлú˵ò֪ˣҸղֻǶʼ㣬ȡ͡
ѹͷĻ棬սĲӶ˺ӡѾ˲ľ棬ɱԼᱻɱ
ڸղţٶ޹ʿװȰѵЫҾ˼㣬ȴƣļˣ㻹ڸģҪиǿĸףͱϼɱˡŭĳŭŵСֱ¡
ҡԶԣ㴭ˣɱ̲סֵ̿ؿأ۸ң㲻ˡ۸ңأС㣬ǼҶûдأﶼ˵
ȫˮ̵һɱĿУұѾӦС㣬ܾȣĵҶģ̿ɻɻ
ǻ֮ȡ޳㻹ҡռӣһ
ԼϻǶģ⣬ŵüæ۾һûʹ۾͵һ£ɫȴǸûдæֺ۾
ٸװˡмҶǵͼūͣǶССҶǿԳΪѵֵصˣͬһģôô󡣡
ɫ粻֪ڿҪҪɱԼָеˡҴԺҲ㵱ѣ㣬Ҫɱң㡣
Ŀɱһĵˣȥҵ¸ͱȥʱȻоĹͣҪǸ˵һҪɱԾ󻼡
𽥻ָɱ⡣вһͻȻˣ㣬ֻҪŹңҲὫ͸¶ȥʲôûʲôû֡صҵĶľšҽû㣡ģ㣬һҹްҹѵ˯Ҿûһ֮𣿡
⻰ԥһ£ʱҲָЩԪ͵ؽ˳ȥŤСƨɾܡ
ӣߣһ˦һһסϻﱬǿǱǱݵȥ֮ȭŤ״̬òȥһȭһƵŤŹ˺Уźȥ
̲סҽһϴĵľʹԭǱݺݵҧһڡҧסԼֲţƺҪⶼҪ
ղһŤһЩʹʹɿ˹֣ﻹҧ󲻷ţûʿûʲô𣬶Ҳ𽥻ָˡּŭôɿڣҲˣҲ«һҧļǣˮжʱƮһѪͱ˭ҧúݣ
ʹ֮ɿڼУ๾غ˼ˮǺҿȿȣɿڣҧң㡭޳ܡ
˿ڣڶǿ֮ĩЩ񣬾ȻȻԼһ֣иֵķ緶ͨһȥ˫ֲĲսҲֲĲ˽ŶԷʺˮУܵںηܵΪˣԼӮˡ
һˮ˳̰˼￸಻֪ڰ֣ɳһһ㲻򣬻ҵ̡
Ϣһ󣬿ɫһ̣ϥͷϣƽ̹СԵ³ˮƵѹѰ裬૵Ҫ㡣ŭʹСϳƣ߶ʱַ³ˮ㿴ɼǵӡŭգ˼ͣĴƨžž죬ﻩ³ˮ
°ɣ㡣һϺسƨʮǣøزеһȰƨɣʮ㣬Сƨɻεεġ
㷢йһͨڵϣԼҲѵصһߣ㷢֣û磬˵£Լж쳣ѣϧҲǳеĶлָҲҪһʱ䡣ԵɨһܣҲǱô
ˣûصɱˣ˵ԼԥΪǲɱɴͲɱˣɱһ޸֮Ůˣ溺ΪȻԭ˾ԭµóһ㡣뿪ұѡ
ĺһһžСƨƨڵϣʹᶼ쭳ˡ
ʹȻƨɣ쵰ءݺݵص㡣ȴŭĿһۣ˲ʱɷףίƲƲ죬µջĿ⡣ʱѾ׺ȫסˣСߵļҶͳ١˵ˡȴǰҲϧ񣬲Լ⣬ҧԼԼƨɣԼҪĻԼ㲻ܸԼȴǲ֡龭첻µزµﷴ˷η塣
һ۳һۣ֡ﲻµӣѾӣصʲô㲻Ҫ˺ˡ
Ҳɱ㣬Ϊ֮˵źӰ˳С
־ϲеҪȥ
վŲתͷƳһۣСϱͷջĿ⣬ǰУ⵵£ǶһɣʵҲȥϧԻұҲǳ֮ơ
뿪ͻȻеߣ
תͷͷغȵ㷳ҶŹˣŲҸıھɱ㡣
ŵýıסԼʪظηίصˣоܲãѵҪͽ߻ȥҪЩħͷޣһ˵ŮôӴ
ͷѵĸоŮûꣿҲɱѾʴˣҪƺҲ㱻ʱôҩ˵Ťͷߣ
˼ҵʱʧȥ
㣬ȵңӴվƨɱۣ·һһյġʱɫѾɲһȻħЩԶǾԲᰲȫܱ磬ȻܱԼɣû㣬ԼǱɡ
üҸҪ뿪ұˣ㲻ø
һ£Ҫ뿪Ϊʲôѽ漴ȻһϿҵص㣬ģҾԲѽ˵ȥңʲôûòã㲻ǲɱǾͲܶû·һ𣿡
㽣üһС˵ʲôУȥ̷㵱ǰ׳𣿡ﱻŵĲһ£˵Ҳû˵ô񶾡˵ģǰ˻ô˵Ȧˡ
㲻֣Ըôܻ̬ȣѵΪסԼһˣԼӲˣ
Ĳ˵ȥҲ뿪ұ˵ˣ뿪ұô棬ұ֮⣬ȥﶼпܱɱ˵ġϿҵص
ֲ٣ҲǸó˵ѵŮˣѵıҴˣ㲻롣ﲻ˵ʹĻݺԼݺԼԼʸڷϣжСľԼˣԼ˰ôϹܼҶԼҲҪɣԼĻҲ٣Լδ¡
߻ǲߣʹ뿪ľҲһкƺ̫ðɡ
㻹ԥҷģҷĻô͸¶ȥұ㲻ú
Ц˭úòкηȻ죬ģѽ͸¶ȥزԽԽСƽˡﰡһֱţô֪֪ҶԼжں𣿡
ǷĲİ
úúãħҷľǣѽȥҵز͡ԽԽС
ƽأɻ㲻һ䡣ƲƲ죬Сƽˣɻţɻʲô
㲻Ҫ֪߰ɣħЩԶĵ̣ǲõģҸõطϢһᡣ˵ţͻȻ߸һ߲ƣһĪƹǿߣܣЩԺ֮зʲôˣ
дһը죺ħͷĵ£


2161 
һҫ˸㿴һٽն£еķħߵķһɾ޴˺ɨɭ֣һĪסɨɭ֮⡣ѹʱŷԼɭ֮⣬ܿΧ£ɭֵһعⲨ
ұıȻıͦε壬ɫ£ȥһķ緶ղһץ;ȳҴˣȴѾһ㰵զ࣬ǿֱǰɭֵԼĺ԰ԣʵϾĺ԰
һڻʿϲȸԾû뵽ħ߻ܻҲΣҲ߲ˡ
Ļϲ첽ȥȴȻжסҡˣ֪ҲģҵҲʹˡԺ߸ģɱҴš
ݸһЦû뵽㵹ͦõġ
Ϊĳ֣ˡԪԵ˶ʮֽҵĻҲǸνħʵǵӡģǻ컹ûʵʱǨħħȴ¡ȴѾøǿû뵽˶Ϊ֮ٵ飬вǾͶ顣
ĿԴ뿪֮ͲôǿңϾվ۷ǳûлָѹֱ֣̼Ķ´ﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ٻصұ֮ȥľΪȥ˽ġŮȴ뿪լԺ˵Ҫ͡
ڴ֮ϣ߻иѾź絹裬ȷȣνǴЩ˽Ůˡã˺ͻˣæӭѹʾ㲻
˵ˣǾͲˡ
ƣżû˰Ƥĳգգۡ
㰡εԣĹͲ٣λС㣬ϹܼҵĶӰѾ˵ˣһᣬļҶƷұļҶһΪƷѰĴӿɲڡ渵һƷļҶѾұľұռҵ֮ʹȾΪƷҶӵұİ´ﵽʮȾΪһϰұĸƷҶҲֻǵϹܼһܴﵽ
޵̫ˣ㣬ȾΪһӾͳˡ
ɵѾͷҪǶһ㣬Ϊôأˣ㣬ҪһЩʲôеĶ㡣ҩģūͣ
ˣҪһЩǣĿΪ٣Ҫ١
һ㵣벻ΪʲôҪأѵԼǿƷΪһʦ̾˿Ȼô˵ҾͰѴõǿƷǻɣŸι֮ҪҾɣұʮͨǣʽϣպúΪұЧ
лʹͣ
ڶôеɺɫƷǣԱ߻ʮʵͨģϻеһ飬νһʺˡȻˣ㲢ûбֵرĿȣ˿ʲôߡ֮Ÿ˷ܵĴЦ
ЩǣӦͻƣһʵҵ֮ȷʵоĴڣɱ¾Ϣǿ
ɱ¾סˣƫƫץסҰΪ˱ܿ㣬ЩҲǵŶȣ֮޷κյȷ԰ʱ
˰죬ʵĿʼǣϾҪָġ
չ죬ڰѶƷǸˣҲû뵽ƷǾȻǿ˹ӲԼȾߵȾ۷壡һƷ̺ǿʹµõϴֱš
ȻýѵȥоʵȴֻܸоĽѵγɵõҵ֮ҲֻȾѡѾȫշѹߵȾĶˡԺҫԪĽѾͨƿأҲǸСˣ磬ȴֻܵҶ
չ죬صطԸǶһ㵹ʮ⡣ľ֪ûбʶأ㼱æľСլԺȥ
ľ㵽ȴûкɫˣԼľ䵭Ķ㡣ʮƣľıס
ôû죬Ƣѽ
ľͳһӣȻѽڿһƷҶˣұǺߣȵöСϲֵϲʽ˽ŮأĸҸƢѽ֮أ
һ˵˲ٺôأǡΪҲ˲١
ľǰɲдͬΪ𣬵ľı˪ȨȻָñԼ졣Լֻƾ˵ǣոָΪȻȵҪɣҲһЩ
ܸȣǵľǰαˣҿһء磬ҿɾҪҷ𰡡
ľݸһЦͼװҪһҿʵȥʱ˾ľʵҲʮ⣬һţģұ֤㡣
ͷţͷţľ𽥱ǿѹԼһͷֹ֮סľ毺õЦЦĿ㡣һŮСˣôУ㷢ԼѪڣֻսҪ֤Լ
ľլӵ쾮֮ȻҪԣΪβ
УľȵһڣֳȰڽݡ
ˣһƺߣһһɣµʯש飬һ˲䣬ͽľǰһɾ磬ľ졣ľͻȻǰݣͬʱȭͷżĸһͻӦѸ٣ȭͷеһᣬ磬һӶ㿪ˣӰһ磡
ȻӿˣҲŵһ亹૵׶֮Ȼһˡ
ָһнʵʵķȥվŹȥľ֪Ӳӡ˪Ȩһģʱһ˪һ⻷ƣͬʱųһ̽
ǵûľѾˡһ˪һ˪㼸Ҫľȴûı˪ݣͬΪͨҶͨνƿԣϾľһʿ޷ա
Ķ˺һٴȥ˷ɴ䣬ֲͻƲˣˡ
ľȴǰһﻵЦΪҲôֻĹ̫ˣҸ޷ֻ֣Ҫһͻ¶ûԡ
в֪أḻڷľ֮̽ľʵʵȻͱˣһӣⲻӵľʮָˣšȭͷ֪˰ɣ
֪֪Ҹʰ·硣ʵ𣿡
ûУҲûأһ˽Ůҿɾ군ˡľ˵ЩҲ˽ŮĹǻһֻܼһΰΡӰŮĺӣŻرġ
ͷãǿԺúõţΪ˾뿪ôϤΪʲôһͼ絽ж󰡣
ҲǵһòãҺܶ඼ġľ˵˵ޱ޼ʵģﵽһΪͻԾȷģֻұĴɭ֣룬ȴޱǿ޵ҵ֮ΪⷨӶǿ˵ǲмʹõģö
ǻиõΪԹŪ˵ķӣ


2162 С
ѵʿֻҪ棬ܻᱻŪ⵽ìܣջģﵽ˶򣬾͹һˮȻܸĸԼṩİȫԡΪǿԵˡ
ԡһǿ뵽˷ͬײɱͷһ֮£ܴﵽһ档ͬʿֿÿ¶ڽͬʿľﶷǸǿ˾ܲμӣС˾Ͳòμӡ
ֻ֮꣬治УʵΪĵطȻ൱ڷһǸǿأ´ң
ľ군ˣϾ٣ҶŶԷĻ£е磬Ҳұӷ٣˵ҲøǿĻֻۿ֪ˡ
ֹɭ￴Ǹ˵㲻أϮұķЩιʵ㲻أŵʱ⴫ĺڲڣ
ҪӦľҲס֪ɲá
Ϊʲô
Դףû׼Ҫʲôأ徲һ±ȽϺá
Դףܰɣ
ҽӴԽԽľһİȥɶĺͷԣʱһ㡣նͽˣأ
ľ㣿Ǹô
ǼһһչسͲӰأΪ˽
ľһԭһͱչˣչ֮͵һʱԼˣôԼղŻɫ
ϣҪɡľЩⲻȥ
㲻ȥɢ˰ɡ
ƲƲ죬ĵ˵ģôܲأȻм飬ߣҾͲˣ쵰ײصʲôʱ򣿱չسһ¾Ȼңһչء
Ĳˬȴľ˵˴˴ɭ֮е顣ľòأһں棬ʵġʱʮҪһЩϣʿͬԼڻظΪ
Ⱦʿʵ൱ǿᣬߵʵˡأϵͬǵĹǷҲǰǿ᣿羫أˡϾߣûһЩ޵Ĺ
һȥһţȻе鱦ɽЩʵɭɱô࣬ɽѾظѺۣ㼱һƷ
˵ҵ֮֮ɱ¾ǿˣʿõ˵ȴǺ˺ܶģұҲûֲҩģҾҲҲ֪ﵱճµģ
һֱҹ뿪Ҳڽˣ͵͵Ĵ˳ľ˵ĳŶͷƺһʮ顣ľڰ֣ϿȥɣٲȥҾܲˣС㣬䲻㣬ǰ󣬻һ֪һ
ǳ˳飬СȻ⡣
ҲľȥúðС飬ոճţսǴߵȭͷıӰߵ㣡һ㵽ڶҾô𣿺ߣһЩѵ˵ȥ
ĸ棬ɫڰұ󲿷ּҶѾЪϢ·Ҳûеƹ⣬㷢ԼˣȴΪ̫ˣ˵ģֻ֪Ůˣʱ˾ѲԼ鷳Ȼ˵ɭֵ¾ˣ֮ʲôҲ˵
壬ΪǿȻ߿˼һķϵķû˾סɫҲ̫ãֲָղ·ϻǿóŮôɾͱῴ˵ˡ
쳣ٶҲĺ棬ɿĸȥֻŹ䣬̸оסͣȻ˫ֱ˷ɿĿڱȫˣϼ㣬ӣСѾסˣ
㣬ȴû˿ϧΪΪֱӰͷ𶯣˵ûꣿ˵˸ܸΪʲôŮɣپңСɱ㡣

ʵˣ쵰㣬ȻôԼļҶȥҪ
ʱҲˣ·ǵҶһŭѾ𶯣ǲںӱûˣһȻʶϴˣԼ˭ˣȻǸҲȥɭ֣ҲŮģ
ûǾһˣʶɿ֣ʵʲôĪʲôı
ɿ죬ĹֵС㷢ˣɤӣƵ˵㣬͵Ϯ䵥ŮӣҶС֪𣿡
¡Ժһҵ죡Լϴ֪ˣεɿ֣罿ĺߺ죬ҵֶʹ
εЦЦ֪Сºڷҹҵİá
ϲ㣬ٳȭĴϣߵʵҵ˭ˣ
㣿ôһȴ˸գ֪úھȻˣʶһɨһȻѾܻԺȥ֪쵰ȻңȻд㣬㡣СˣһҪʮ塣
ޱȣûмĸҶô󵨣ôŵģ
һɿڰ֮УжԶԶˣƫǶмӣû⵽Ȼˡص䣬ͷ˯ʲô£˵˽磬ˣ£û׼ˡ
ǳ֮⣬һ߿˴ţŭ˽˫ֱŽ۵ظʺߺߡĹ˯ڴϵ㣬һɨǰǨͣݺݵ˵㣬֪֪ƭҪСġ
εתͷѽ˵ģʲôʱˣ
⡭ʱ޻˵ˣԽǲܴȡϷ磬Խǲϰݣ˵ƭѣǻڽȴһֱϳ
ʲôʲôʱûи߶СҲڴСլˣ
⣡綼ˣûƭԼľƭԼһ죺۸ˣҸ˵㻹˯ڴϣ˵գҪȥı󼱣иϰߣϲ˯
𰡣С𳶣㼱æס
ƫҪҾҪ֣Ҫˣ˯
ʵû취һɣֻ̿ʣһõ㣬ʱһˣϵļ⣬ɫѣ۵ס
¶񣡡Сĵһζ㣬εĵһο˵塣ŵ˱һ˻ȥԼĹƲƲ죺ڵĸС֣ҪģҪˡˣٸСˣôҲ⳥ҵľʧѡ


2163 ľʧ
һ磬Ȼ¸ˣֲֻᣬֻǼ죬ҲЩֵֹģֻ㲢ƺѰʲôֲˣұĸҶСӵģ
㣡ʲôأ
С㣬ǿľɫصǿߵõһľһֱϣչسʱУǽͷûˡ
ʱһܰʿȻҵ֮ľҪͨɱֻȡȻҵ֮Ϊˣң
˳·һ·ܵһķϵķᣬҲ类ĵطԶԶľͼ˶һϹܼҵĶӰôһҲҶΣ˶൱
ֻݺݵвⶫȿģ
ȴԭǰͳˣһͬ·˵أľЩ죬ͼַľҵ֮ĸоʹǶʮ־ȣͬʱҲ˶̵˼ԭʶĺѣΪľִ
ϹܼҾǿһľҼӶ˵ģֻӴȥѡҲʾʮֽŪ󶯾ĳ⣬Ŀ⣬ʶİѶһš
춪˵ģʰ£ԭǺüҶûôӵļҶţ㣬ŶС谮ôΪƾ޾ݣ˵ҼӵĶģ
ͷ鷳ˣԼҲǸɱˣɱǱȻִһִôľûʲôˣǻᱻȥ
һԥ԰Σ
ϣָ㶨˳ôԼɲĶ֣ݺǳԼ˵Ȿҷ֮ҲһֵܣαΪ˴˸飿ȰʰˣⶫһΣ
ЩԥΪľˣһ뵽ľġҲƭǣǶǡɾõľİɣһֶˣ·ҹģ㿴أ˫ӡһ˫ҵġ
ͳ˳ۿȥȻˣﲻɵ˼֡ͬҲ֪ϴɭֲΪ˲ðԥǿǴСһģѸƷ㣬Σ
һ񵤣Ϊ˲ߵȾֻ֪㱻ΪһƷҶ֮󣬱ʹ˴ҵ֮ΪȾȴָ֪ΪѾѹߵˡ
˫һһĸɫĻҲһţһһķɢγһԲĹĻǲ˸ƣĶ̫类֡ЦȻеλļҶͨҲٰ
ӡɿۣɫĹâɫâͬɢ
ҪһţʱȻŭ㣬̫ҪһһѰ֮һɾǿĽ̺ŰɫĻ𡣰ҲӲɱȻ˶϶ذɣδɭֻΪҲһ磬ȴҲ㡣
ۿ޿ɶ֮ʣ㷴ˣһɣȻ֮׸һɫƹ⣬˵ķɽ棬Ȼȥۼֿ죬һסɵĳ˳ְ˻ȻһͰľˡ
ھΪֿܵԼͰĹȴǷѾѶˣ
룬ЦèĹҵĶȥһذɡ״ҡҡͷ׷ˣϾо֮Ҳʶǿ
ҲЩ˾ʵôǲŻұܣϣǲҪ˵˲Żᱣ仰
ȹңˣû˵꣬ˣȻ֪δʵ⣬֪ʱԼ鷳ϾڵԼǼҶеļҶǶСߵĴˣҲ˱ȽϿصġ
вʣѾȥˣͻȻı⣬ȴΪԼ㶷һ֮ǽѣ򲻹㣬񣬻Ҫǡ
ЦеĿųֿ˿û뿪ԶԶվţܿĹΧһʱ䣬˶㵹ǲţϹ񵤵ҩʱ䣬ôԼʤӴ
Ƕûӣ⣬֪ǿαִҪɱôתӣΪ㼫п˳ְԼҲɱˡ㲻ɱζֵľأ
ĵѾһ˿ɱ⣬ֻҪȳĵҩЧһߵûУǼԹֵҩ֢൱ءֻͽһĨݹǱˣȻʱ˸һ
ڴ˶Ź֪ұ˽Դ򶷵𣿡
״ûа취ˣȰԼӵľһһʮ˵ˣɭֵľҲ˵ˣȷľģǳҲʾҲᣡ˵ı龭ѣľҼСõģħ֮⣬һȺħͷһ볲ѨСɱЩ֮󣬾͵õľ;£С󡣡
˸ִһʣ򰢸ҲҿųģҲҵĵۣôһ£ҳȾƣ˵Ҫ߰£Ȼͷһʿҵ֮ľһʱ̰ģҺͳûãˣ˵ľġ
ͣͳͬʱô˵
㣬Ǻľ
һƬľȥüëһЦˣⶼǵĶһ϶ֵķһأϸ˵һķɭõǾûˡ
㲻ɵǿЩʿĻƺȷ˵һͷ򶷣ǵı죬ǵıԵʾΪ⿴ƽľľֻԵͽʿãľûʲôôˣǷģҲġ
˶ʱһҲ޿κΡ˼ʵ
ⶫȻпŮģǾչɣһԡ
һϲԼֻҪľôԼľôǳͲôˣʱҩһڰ׳һ񵤣弫ƾʲôȡ
ææܻȥٵðܷȡõǿɾǲ˵ˣԼ˵ҲǴ
㵹ǲĻȥæʣҵˣ
ҵˣǱˡ
ûϵˣȥҪ
С㣬ûõģҪбԣֻǲ֪ôȷ


2164 ܴʮ
ұլѵұ룬߶һڼҾ죬ΪϴνɭԣżȻһľԭֻŮԣȻ߾֮
ǡλ˾ô˴ɭԣ˹࣬ôֲʧø˲ʤǸȥ챣֤κ鷳Σ
һۣ⿴Ǽͥ飬Ǹ߹ʽĳλ˻˭˵֣ٲȻһ絣ĵ㣬ᣬǸѶľ
Сģܴʮ
ꡱݸһЦǸСѽʲôʱˣ㻹˵Ц
Ļһٺ˵αԻĿģһѡһЩȽϺõģίһΡȻˣҲвٺôǺú룬Ҳ⻰ȥ
Σ֪ҪĿģӦǾѡһЩǼҶĸˡϾұ֮⣬кܶʿһЩˣһڼҶ١
𣿡ɻڻ֮£ԼǼܲμˣľȻûСҪɣ
գϢʹˣܿұһȺʿƺƵĽұı̨̨ܴϹܼҾ֮ϣȻĺŲ裬ԭԥģǼȥˣҲȥˣίڻңôϹܼҶȻԼĶġ
ľȥˣҲȥܸоεͷϣԼܺһء
ұһ겻һ˰ǿǰԵļҶЩʲôˣȾϵ޼Щ꣬ұû˰߽ȺһȵĲʿм˵
֣ɲô˵ôû䣬һǿߣѲǼҪͶ¶ҲɣһϴŲµ˽ӿ˵ǶƺһЩ屳
ߣ˼ûбͶϲĿʰˣ֪죡һΪǵĶֻ»ûߵǾͶԼǰ
㡭ǸֲȻŭⰢòʱʱɫһ䣬Цݣ˵ԭǸ֣Ϊһӵ£ҲЧ£ҳϵĹ
ɫ΢䣬ȴû̱㰵ԾϹܼҳֻ˶򣬿ļҲ򵥰
кЦֲߵȾΪ͸ҴԲѵЩұļҶҲѾͻߵȾһ죬òҲ֪Ϲܼҵİæصغܺãûͻƾ磬Ҫȴܡ
εľıԣûսʽһսԣںڻüʱһƽͻȻ䳡Ͽش˵ĶС䳡ϺȻƬ̣ȻһƬ˵ɫˡ
ɣôǻսǻɱ
ɣֵǮǲģˣǵҵܱ֮ĸǿ
٣Դģ
ĮĿΧ˶˵ĮΪһһΪıô
ԸμӱԵ˶˳䳡Ը
Ϲܼҵٴ䳡ǰĸ̨ϲ֪ʱһɫ۵ϹܼңȻĺŲ裬·ǰ޹ء
ҵľæΣգ㻹ǸϿ뿪ɡľıͷҲŲҪҾҪûҡΣɲģЩ˲Ϊұǧݶ飬ǸҲֻԴ˺Ͷ˵Ůġ
ҵȻ֪֪֪ǸʲôľüëһȻ͵ġ
ʲô񣿡
ľ˫ַ󣬱ȥ㣬ϾҪʼŶҪӴ
ͷߣϹܼѾ޹ģһʱ䳡һļžʶ˾һ𣬴ҶľΧ
䳡ϰЩ죬ţʶԶߵˣֱƬ֮Ҳ֪˭ȴһ䳡ϲͻȻը˹
֣
ǶҵĵʯҪˣ
ľҵģҲҵģ
˵׷׳ʣԼ˹˹ȥһʱ䳡Ͻâݺᣬгڵ˷׷ʩչУ̻㱬ըĻ˵Ĳҽ̶ʱ䣬Ѿв˵أѪ
ұլ֮ڣһУΡϣһƷ裬һ̸š
֣ұְǸǾǿЩͽʿѪ񫣬񫡣һʵ죬ΪȻǸһ㣬ҷͬƺͬһɵġ
ǺǣܲŻʹһЦǵҲֵˡ쵭˵˴λǰĪұĳʲôأ
ûУұһֱԾŻĹ֪ġֻǱһӣҲ˻޵䣬ѡòȥǸᰡΪ׵ʹ˵ĿҪ࣬ɣҪòģȻ߻Ҫˡ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷұ˻֪ΪһֻͬĲģϻбǿĴڣұʱҪôҪôûѡ
쿴˿گҲʵжţѡѾˣ֤߻ӷ֪ۡסֺֹһأҾͲǸ˼ˡһºұŮ͵λʱת£һĹ
ŻλʹҲûͣþ뿪ˣʱ˴˳ĵ˵߻Ѿ˺üˡЩȥŮһΪħ¯ЩȻ˵ˣҲûʲôϢûҪʸȨơ
߻ġѪ񾭡Զģ֮ͬڸûе֣򣬼ֱǲ֮ύδûкô
ֵ˭ȥļŮӣǱȻǵҪȥ˳㹺һЩҩڵͷĽҰɡ겻ѣȻһˣԼһ˽ŮǸոջȥԣ
²ģЩ˱ϣѡһЩ񣬲ҲίǵΡ
˵ʲôģ
̾ΪѾͻƾϾҵ֮ͨǰȶͻһ㾳磬ͬʱҲһСھŻҲСеλ˴Żĵ۾Ƿʧˣ֪Щλشң
ҡҡͷ
˵Żʳĵ۾Ѿʧһˣпˡ˾ȵС죬Ȼ֪ζʲôͺұʧȥһʧȥ˱ǵĲ
֪һطǵ۾ӵĵطؾ⣬֣ܽһЩͽʿ׽룬ÿһͨԵʿӡǣܽؾҵӡǾͻãܸ֪۾ǷڡֻǸ̽ôҲһԡ
ҲҡǡָһЩˣֻǹԹԵվһԣǺ˵Ͼʲô㲻ͻʮŵȾ𣿡
ӵסԼķˣЦ֪ˣʿÿһ٣һȾ磬ԶɹĽΪʵֻ޷ʹĵͽʿ÷ʽѡʿĵһ󿲣ǾϾҵ֮һﵽ˰˹ܽѵҲڵľϾҪһɾҪˡ
Цһܱøǿġ


2165 ȫ
ڻստʼʱľȺɢĸΧס˶ȾΪǿҲֻȾʵļҶȴǼױЩӵܶϿͬ˵̬ԥȹ㣬ֺ飬
һ

ƣ
ն
ȻǾʱϣ˲סܵĿռ䣬еĳ˸ѤĹâźХľ磬֫·ҪֽŶϡ
ޱ飬һĵĵâȻסһ˵ĳ΢΢ֽͨмѿصڵϡ
漴ͱΧĳû
ʲô
ݴ䣬񾪿ֵؿ㣬ǳģ㻹Ӳˣ鳤߸Ҳˡ
ĿɭؿָһеĵƬڿлĻȣıȻش˽ȥתķƬ˲㽫иط顣ɫҰףҽеĻᶼûУϢصѪ֮С
㱾ҲûɱˣϾЩ˶زʶûʲô޿ԣܲɱ˾;ҪɱˣȴһȡԼĴжҪ޲ýж˿顣ⲻˡ
ҲѾӦķֵǮľҲһ˲ңҲˣң
վԭûжµĵƬȴ·˹ǣ£׾ЩƬ׷׻⣬ͻȻȫ㣬ȥ߸ӲֵֻܾؿԼ屻ЩƬ͸Ѫɽ̻
㡭ܲ׾˶û˵ʲô㻺صȥ
㿴һۣ˸˶ҵĵط˽ȥڻսֻǸոտʼܹԼЩ˲ֻͬţȵ䳡ϵ̭زˣȫֵʱ򣬺ͬ뷨ȻҲ
ʱƣ䳡ϵĻսѾ뵽˰ȻĽ׶Σÿʱÿ̶˵£Щ˶ֱҲ޷˳ͣҲֻϹܼһȻּлϹܼҲҲһۣûкͣ˼ṷ֣̂סһ˵
ʱ֮䳡ϻվŵıֻʣңԭǧмʣµĶҲǧࡣ˵Ķһ𣬷ǿġҲ룬һֱš
ȻЩ˸оһᣬһ˦䳡Ϲܼڰ಻סˣҪߵڻüҲѪģҲ߾֮һ˼Ļᡣ
λսĲҳ̶ȼֱǴĿģΪ֮ݡЩ˵ʿ׷׶м㣬Ȼ뿪䳡ΪղԼϵͣԵʣõ˴ϢĻᡣ
һ䳡ʣٶˣԵÿտʱҲ˶֡
ӺĸҶ㣡ΪĶӣȻû˸Ҷ֣ҲĿĵģһȡľǻɱ㣬ɭûɵԸ
ûЯκα˫֣ͷ羰һվȺ֮С
Ȥӿ㣬ƺڻתţܽ˻ѵһ㣬ͦ
ƽû˿Ĳɾƽȴָ߸ϵĮȻӣ㱾ǸоԼҳҲһԣӵĲ²⣬϶ԹԼӳľ
ԷˣϢأڵٵתӲûбô򵥣Ҳ֪ɭֻ֮ǷоһǰδеǿΣᵽζֱǲ˼飡һѹӣΪʲôʱԼѹ
ӵһֱ㣬صúܺãҲȥˡ˸ҶûȤӵҶҲûȤƽƽ֣ôָˣǿֻߵȾ֮ͬڻѾ˺üһЩ˳Ϊҿ̫ˡ
ʼ磺ӼȻôţβȥһԣֻҪڸ㶨ˣҲﵽѡ˲ŵĿꡣ
Ȼ֪ڴ֮ǰȸһӻ䣬ߵĸҶ׷ͳһ񵤷£ʵһ̨ףֶԸ㣬һԵӻ񣬸ղŵ״ȫͬ
ӺȻ˫ֽӡһ临ӵķӡ㣬ڳ˶õһַӡ˼ǿͻȻһƣһӿĸҶա
üëһʲȻܶݵһ磿ԣûһ磡ϸĸоЩͷųƣȻǿ󣬵Զûа˵Ⱦôǿ󣬵ҲﵽߵȾ۷ˣ
ˣӵһҲǵҲ൱ˡ
Цˣĸʵ൱ˣĸӮһǾͲˡ
ĺһӷģ㣬Բãϣһӵϣĸ㣬߲ŲæҡԼ¶κ
Ҫ˵˵ЩΪ൱ǿһҲܱܿģһʱߵսΪȫĽ㣬ΪǼ˵Ϊߣû˸ǣƮݵӰ
̨¿Ҳʮֽ㱻ĸͬ׷ɱһһҪǿͷΪֻҪǿܰˡ
˲ײÿһľ죬֮аǵˣĸҶһѪµʯ͵ѿֻݽ˵סΡɫҰףȫƤѿѪ˳ѷ첻ϵðĿġ

Ǹ㡭ǲǰұʱŶνΪѣɱ˶˰Ż۵ߵȾʵ
ã֮ͬУĸ֣СӵֶҲ١
䳡ذţЩڴŵȺҲͣأߣǸֶұһƷҶ
ղŻĵ˵غ㣬ǣǡ
ǺǣãһûأҲ̫ˡɡӲ˹˳Ծ㲻ΪǿһЩ
һ㶣Ҳ֪
ôֻ֪ЩУôõģ
ʼ磺ǴɭֵõġҪϽޣˣǶС͸ҵġĵҽģӣ⣡
ӺǺһЦҲŲϡֻǺʰˡ㣬ԭΪҲö֣ܻҶֵĻҾͲܱ֤ܷˡ
㵭˵һһ£οһ
ΧʿһȻû뵽һСҶ˿˿ȥ׷վ˳Ǿһϣǿܿס˵Ĺ


2166 ˫
һ仰˶ˣԸ㣬Ϊ̫ǿˣǶĿãĸ˵ҩӵ۷ΪļҶйȻһưܣȰȥĻôľˣǲܵġ
üͷԭԼİԭŰĶ֮ٶսˣΪɭҲõȻӳѹҵԪΪԶụ̂θôţ
ӻһԭýڣúñ֣õʶһٳ걻ѹȴǱȥˣԼķͷʵʮֲˬ
Χ£ҲЩ֣㵽ţѾߵȾ۷壬Ҳܴаɣ޷ͻư˵Ⱦġȫ˽ԼѡҪ֣ȻľԶԶվ䳡ߣֳһĳȣӶʱĵҲǵ˽ŮҸϵǳ÷
ͬʱ֣϶ȻӮҲҪܾãҲˡֻͻȻ˲֪ôµʱһԾңһֱԵľб˪Ȩ˴֮ϣ
һɾǿı˪ϢȴּӣߵȾ۷壡ľʵչ¶ɣƾеĻûָı˪Ȩȣ˲ע⣬ֱԾǿĺ֮ǸסȴһֱľʶҲҶһ١
˿ɾûôˣעⶼϣȴǱľ֮ľΪҲֱӱס䳡һЦġѩˡĿ֮нӡ죬һ״ٶӣ׺ը֮ľı˪Ҳǲ㱬ѣ˵شǰҲĹڱ˪֮ȫȻûһܼվÿһ˶һϢһս֮
ľüë߽ŬС죬ͬʱӡ
˵ϣҲʶľΪʲôôǿľĹ⣬Ҳһ˵ǡ
㲻ҪԸɡ
ûˣľ֣ɵĸ㶨ٶˣвһЩߵȾ۷ĴڣġҪݵͻư˵ȾΪҲЩ鷳ûˣɲǸΪĻᡣ
סְɣ򲻹ġϹܼҺȻ̧֣ӵİܱı󡣡
ĬȻһعͷһһˮԼı𽥵ı˪̿ˮʲôʱ򱻿ˣӾĿľˮŮ˾Ȼ
ˮ۱˪ֻҪľһͷʹ壡ѹϹܼ䣬˼ǿǶ˵ĶӵϲĹġ亹δ£ԼȴһµĻᶼûо³ˣǹġ
ϹֵܼʣˣûͣǾһʤɡ
ʼ磺ñˣűСѵ꣬ǴСĶ֡ˡϹܼҶһۣĵСΪҲ̫ˣղһף˲Ϣٵҿ¶˲ò
ϹܼҵľʤһľУľһۣƲƲ죺ľǱĲƷûʲôðľ˿Χȴǲ֪Χ˫ĽͶʼɵĿ⡣
ľߵԣãⱦ͸ˡľҲֱӻ㣬ͨòˡ
ľջ˻ȴƾ֤Լǿʵұû˸С˼ľɢȥ
˻еĵľ㣬ڿҵˡҪȥҲǲѽ㵹Ǹ˵˭ˣ
㻢һ𣬶СôǵԼΪ飿ⲻܰ
У㵽׺ɭַʲô£粽ƽһΪˣ԰ɣٺ٣˼ǽйܣɾ裬ŵУҪҪ
죬СҲô˰Լ˵С㣬ˣܲϢһٸϸ˵羪ȵˣҪҪȥҽ򿴿ҽܸġ
ļЦ䲻ľһ䣺ãˣƭءʱŭֺݺݵ㣬ƭңߣˣСá
𰡣С㣬Ҵˣ˵㲻ô̰㲻ɰƽ⣬ĳС㣡
һ죺ô𣿡
ȻˣСˡ
类ϷʱϹܼ˹㣬С㣬ǹȥһ¡ͬʱĵľݱʶ˰ɣ
ľϹܼұ˲ҴܣΪϹܼΪǳ±֪˶ԻľʱȴǷҲڣһЩղŲμӱԵˣԼĪʮΪõѾȵİ˵Ⱦˣ
㲻֪ʲôֻһҶһӵݸ㣬ϿտΣϸĸӦһʵҵ֮ǼҶ˵һ˵Ⱦ޵ıΪ͸ġ
ȻЦˣҲô˲μӱԵԭ򰡣ֱһ磬ֱǴˣƵ˵һҪȥһԨĵطһˣǸطЩ⣬ǿߣ޷ģЩͽʿܽ磬һӡǣֻҪҾ֪ǸطûҪ֪ˡ
šΣյȻУǲҪǵ˭˳ڻü
⻰ֻûţǼܲסջ󰡡˵ȥ죬ܺãǲұģССŲסǡ³֮󣬱ԲǡϹܼҳȥҪġ
һۣЩǵɫȻҲ޷ıĻ졣
뿪ֿˣԼļҾ죬ǹľɫƽʶԼݣһŮı֡еĴһ˿ͰЦ⣬겻㲻Ưˣˣܸˡ
˼Ҳˡ
ţ֪أһõ£ߵøԶһ˵ġұľŻʳ߻ҪȢҴȥѡܱ߻ѡΪӣôǿɾǰ;ˡ
˵ҪȥŻʳ߻ѡŮʱ˵סˣأԵһ˵ѡʲôôηȵȣŮԸһ㡣ҲֻǾţֺȻס֪ԼΪײôõľûа취ѡ
ľ˵ŮûȫԸǽ޳һ㣬ӹһӰӣǲǸԼӵĻ쵰ǿŲԼ޳ܽԼ˾ͱˣûбѵźʲôɱȴǱԼĸһԼûˡ
ȫİš
Ļӻ֣ɢ˰ɣšΪûˣΪšš⻹һЩ¸˵


2167 
˺ôصסúһҵ֮Ҳָ˸ΪԭߵȾ۷һԾŵȾȻˣ޷ʵΪģΪкڻ
ɫڣÿķţ㣬𣿡ЩжΪĺԼԼ̫ĿռʱˣҪǻģ϶Ŷ룬Żѯһ
㷭´С㣬ɣʲô£
֨£űƿֱϣߵʵΪ˭ˣεһᣬСôˣһֱੲ⣿
ָ˵ʵΪʲôҪ㲻ΣΨаԼ֮ì˵һ飬Ȼˣ˯¾û˵üͷ֪һû뵽ɱ㡣
ⶼˣﶼûʲô쳣ʱ㲻
ҲҲû˰ѾҪȥ汤ˣҲ֪ܻܲ缤ץסֱۣ˵ʲôأһܻС㲻ϰҶźûźôУǸҲҪȥŮأֻԺҲˣҲ¡
ˣ㣬ϹܼҶ˵ʲôɲܶұŶҪ
һ磬̻뿪֮ϹܼҶ˵ĻеĿȥԨһˣϹܼ˵˽ӣֻȷһûУÿӡǣֹߺͷӡ
ʵ㲢ôΪ뷨ȥĶͷԼЩ˶ڻҶѡĿĸףǴȰΰģ㲢УǾƭֻѰһЩҩġ
ҲûʲôģĻѵľˡ㳤̾һ磬ɱͬʿǵʵ̫˾ŵȾҪŰߵŵȾ۷壡ֱʮȾʿֱһء
˼εгʱһСʯӶ˽㷢һֽţһȻԼԥȴֽ˵ĵص㣬ұһڻķϵ쾮˾סķ࣬Ҳ˵ұȥ
ڰ֮УɫһװŮⲽ
ȷųʶܺһ󣬾ûʲôˣôѽҶʱˡ
ʲô£
ұҵȥ߻ѡŮί˵
һǱѡȥŮԾҲ֪Լߣ㾪ŵ⡭ⲻҵ°ɣһȥʲôԨء
ĵ̾Ϣҳô󣬴û뿪ұҵ˵ұشƫƧ˵Ļ˵һµطʿɱ˵ǿԼʵȥ˾ŻʳͲ·Ҳ֪Ǹطʲôá
㲻ȥ
ȻĸŮӲϣ޸ԼϲˣſǻỨɳɳ£Ϊҵģ٣ǽҲ֪һ㶼ңֻĹߣ㡭ҡ
㲻֪Ѿߵԣɫ£˫۵ˮ£ܾίı飬ȴִż㰲οôҲܰ㡣˵Ҳ㣬ǶС£ƴҲߣҺ㲢̫Ĺϵ
֪֪ɭ֣Ϊԣ㼸βûɱңѾܸмˡֻҸߵ˵ԼԸԺˣûһʵģȥֻ뵽㡣
죬ҲܹҵģȻһ˵µĹ۶ûа˭ƽʱôأº˰ɣļ򣺡Ҳ㿿һᡣ
¿޵øӻˣʲôίÿйҪ裬ĸ׺ް취Ҳ޶ãߵľȻһӺҪɱļҶˣʵɱĺ󱳣οʮ֮˾ţЩɣֻȥѡŮδر˼߻ӿУǾܻˡ
ʵҾͲôˡ㡭ﲻ˵ĵط㣬ߵһ䷿ᣬȥ仹࣬޳
ƽʱ˾һ˴ŵĵطԱȽ࣬Ҹݸ衣һСһѡȥŮĴᣬƺҲӵĥȥһЩСƢʶԼʲôС㣬ֻĹߡ
¶ǣʵкδ㣿
Ҹ㣬ɱ˵
ģǸŵùˡ
һЦ֪ŲҲߡҡʵߣ˾Żʳ֮Ҿߣ֮ҶԼһ˿šҲҪκ˵İæҶҲԹ޻ڣܱȼ޸Լǿ
ϲ˽ĻǸѡ񡣡
ԹĿһۣԭûУˣҲûУڸоˣиоûСͷôһ򵥵˵ôĪĻգ˵˵ǲηȥ㶼ˣΪˣӦøȻãô˽ʲôԵģܱ۰װ׵Ŀ뻢Ҫǿ
һס㣬㲻ҪȥûõġĿ㣬ôҲ˵ڣԼһŵ˾ԼţԼ뵽ʱ򣬻һİȫС
Ȼһ㣬㻳Уֽıס㡣ɵҲ֪ЩʲôȻҲƯ㲢ˣﱧ˹Թ˵죬Ҿûˣ㣬һΣʲôʲôòãڡ֮䷢һҹĹϵ
ûҲʱĬ˰ɣĸ㷢Ȼ룬ԲԲЩڵȴԼȥǡ֪ȥ˶ãȶϢҲȻ˯ˡİڴ֮ϣĬĬһԡ
ҹʱ֣Ȼͣڴߴ˫ۣ̤ľľֿ㣬ʥѶСԵתҲˡ
ü֪ͺãСİҪ¡
ľͷһŮӿɱȡȿȡϵʱһȥأûˡԭ㱻һгˡǸܻӭء
ľߵ˷棬ô𣿡
ľЦҿºߣһصľӡǣҪʱܲҵ־ҲĻͻӡǿҡҪҷ߻ӵġ
һû뵽ԼԤҪöࡣľ˵Ҳӣб˪ȨȣֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ҾָܻΪƽľӡҲ⡣Ҳðɣ㲻öءʲô㣿
һһɣûô׻ָΪǸԨҿҪȥһ˵ġ
ľת뿪ͬʱ˵㣬ҶȻ˽⣬Ҳȫ˽⣬ϾҶġӴһҪСģֻҪţлټ
ľԶߵӰɫ૵˵Ҳ죬죬ƾ㻹ʸƿҵˡ


2168 
ľһ̫ΣˣԼһҹЩȥ㻹ǾûȽϺáֻ˼£ﷴǱסֱۣ˯ĸˣΣֻܼڴ߱Ŀ
ôһ磬㷢ԼȻſڴҲ˯ˣʧ̬˿ѾˣֻһֽԸл㣬պԵټͷǸϽȥСԼΪʲôҹδȽϺá
صլԺŴʵСأ
ҡҡͷСһͳȥˣûпżҪȥԨˣءұ磬ûҵϵʱ֣㲻òϳ
ΪҲȥŻʳʮҲӻ˾ŻʳٷͷжӵľϹܼңƾϹܼʮȾΪȻշѹһ·ϵǿһͷǲ磬ʮƣԶСӣܲԼʣһֿܾǱˣ
㿴˿ʮˣÿһ˶ͷԼƣȷıԼʵΪԲųѡŮĶ飬ǶһЩʹӣеģҲûʲôߡ
ʧʧ·ҪߵģڸղţÿһӡǣԸоİϢԼľ֮ϣܲˬÿ˵һ֡
һһͨѯܷӡǸյϣգѹסпϲ˶ΪԼƶƵʱɲұֵ̫ˡ
ʾһеĵֻҪǵγɵգɣʱΪԼãӡҲͨһ֣Զں˵ǺѹǣǺ֮ڣҲĳ̫ǿͻһƤ򣬳ƶը
ĥţҪҪҸһ£ΪŪ󶯾Ϲܼҵע⡣һǸ뿪ұԶֵܹı¶
Ϲܼ˵ȥŻʳһµʱ䣬Ϊʲôʹ÷ۣΪڳұΧұͬĴڣóȻĿŷ۴󣬻ᱻƣġ⣬ŻʳȨС൱ڷһĴڣԼһĶֵأɶ͸ɶ棬ͬʱҲ޷ΪŻʳ
εͻƣ͵͵еġ
ȥŻʳĹУ򽻵ߵĵ죬͵ƺǣһۿȥǳǳظƣ߸ǧöһǰƺǵΧʱ˶ԽѵĸӦҲʧˣƺĶ
žѾнʮ׸ˣоȫɥĲģˣұҪΰöࡣſվһ׵ֳֳǹұĳʱʵģ
Ϲܼҳʾ˾ŻʳƺȻУұͣƺǵ˻м飬˳Ķǰӭ
һԼĪʮʿȥǳأ粻ô˺ֻ˵ԾҸǰӭұ͡
Ϲܼǰ棬ֻĬĸں棬ŽлᵥϢǾܳúϵӡˣ·ţʯĵ·ַǷĽֵٵ̵꣬ұ֪Ҫöٱ
ھϾʿ֮£ЩܵõܵѵİŪôãǵһο־һٵоƺƣ·ϣƺǵʿԼ˵Щɵͷ
ұĶֻϢһͻ뿪Ҳûжʲôһҿջ齣̰Լһ˺𣬵ӡǣҲӦӡǵĴڡ
𡭡𷢳ͳȻŤ廷㣬һɫĹâڣһᣬ͸оµľӡ˿ƺǣһܸƥеĴڵڣҲûʲôù˼ɵģúա
ҧһźɫԲ飬㿴УһԲϵĴԼʲôüͷһһʹֻţģһŻɫ׭˳
׭ԽǱоԽʹ࣬ʹϰͷҲ¶ĺ飬ԼĪһӵĹ򣬷׭ȫ˳ȥһںҧŵԲڡƵľӡǣҲ»ص֮ϡ
ڴڵĴŴ弫ͺսһһ㡣
ͻȻջﴫһҽУüëһ˽˭ˣ㼱æվȴĵ£ʵ̫ˡֻ泳ֵ˵Ҫ֡ûһžͱ죬Ϲܼҵ΢һЩ֣һžԶˡ
ȴһȺӿ˽ұˣҲƺǵˣһЩˣΪǴķͳһȲƺǼҶķΡ
ͷһˣΪȻұϹܼҲ£˵ǰһҶɱ˼ˣҪѣ
Ϲܼߵʵ㣬λǰĹܼᣬʵǳѾõղſջһЩңһˡĶӡûзʲô£
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ΪһҶȵֵΪҲǰ˵ȾΪ൱Ѳһ
ü㲻ҪѪˡҲǷû˺ۣ㲻࿴˰һۣһְԼ˵ˡ
ƺǵԾҲڣߣλҲҪҵסλСֵôƺ
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ֵܡҼǵýұ˽ƺǵʱһܸΪʲô㡭Ծָ㣬㿴һ亹Ϣңô£
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Ҫϴɣ˵ʲôɣҶΨЩ֮
Ц֮λ޴ǣҽ뷿ûţ㵹ô֤ɱˣҵʣɱ˵˶ʱ䣿һ˲֮䣬ֻ±ǸҪǿǿһ磬ôҪųˣûʱڻɱͬʿ
ϹܼۣĵСӣ˵ĵˮ©ղĶӲҽ֮󣬵ֻĹֵΪȷֹ˵ȾͨʮǿҲǲܡ
ϹܼʣȻҲ˵һζ֧㡣ҲûͷϣϾ˫忪ƺǣ˵ĵ̣øͷ߼ӣԾȰõġ
ֵ˴ҹŻҲ𽥻ָֻǾ£ƺǸӹˣͷ£ʲôͷұ˸ɵģôпܾƺǵ˸ɵġ
ұ˺Ͱ˫˴ƺ̵ʲôô뵽̫ˣֻ½һҹ


2169 еɱ
ҹʱ֣Ϲܼҽÿ˶Ҫʡ¶ˣǰЩȴĴѰ֡㲻֪ƺǲɹĻ͵ģԼЩһ;ҪȥŻʳģͬȥŻʳô뿪ƺɣֻ¶Ҳٰ
ѵڶ֮ھȫʧֻǰ˵ĽѹһϣһеѶѡƺ֮ڣʿǻɱ¾ȡΪһҪİţ˺ܶʱҲÿ˵С
ϣҹǸҹһʱջﴫһҽСջ˶񾭣洫һӣθ˷ֵʡ㲢û뿪Լķ䣬֪ܿͻ˹š
ȻûþһģϵǸǰˣһ̧һһȺ˳˽еģŭǲ㣡ɱǰˣ
ЦҾûţʲô֤ݣ
ƺǵԾȴûˣǻȥˣҪŵöࣺջ˶˷䣡һȷʵɡ
ƾ⣿ҡҡͷֱΪΪΪΪﲻǰƺǣó֤ݣݸƺǵˣȷʵν㴦á
ŵ̬ӻðɣԭҲ̫ɣΪǸɱֵıӰͲ񣬵̬ǿ˼ֻɡ
ɱߵķߣҲ͡
ᣬϹܼұһʿ˽ôֻ㲻ţ㵹ó֤Ҫǻһҿջͬסˡ
ߣɱˣ㵽ô׵İĨȥ浱ǰǺ۸ģ֮ҲԽϬ˽ŵվһ𣬾Ͳһܴұ˱Ƚ϶࣬һʮһˣʣ¾ŸΪҲ࣬ʶŭҲǼƣȶ֣ʡõȻԾˣ˵
ǰ˲ÿγˣһҽУȻǹȥʱѾˣⲻ˵ɱʶǵ𣿸ɱֿţܻ˼䣬òʱµɱء˵ұ˭
ǣ˵ˣϼһɡ
˵ǳڹ
ұͷϡ
һʿǱȽĵģҲŽᡣ⻰ʮеѾֳˣӸˣ̨װ㿴ߣֵǸɱƺǰģȻҲ֣Ǻβôȹﵹиһӡ
˳̨ףʵ˵
˵һǣʣµ˽ɣһҲǼң֤ҵסɱٳֵĻδô׵ӵˡ͹ˣҸطžС
УͷǺãҲΪ֤ס
ϹܼҲûʲôܲ鷳õġǰסϹܼңʵСǱ߰ȫ𣿡Ϲܼҵͷģҹſڣ㣬СЩˣа˸һ˶ԸҲ
ԭͨһҹΪˣ쳣ջҲ뿪ˣ̯˭סﰡҲұԾдģŻסԾѾˣƫƫûҵ֣ƺǵȻ˵Ӧ飬ǽôͳƺʮִͽߵƺԾҲüʱҪĻԾδػȥƺν޼ƿʩֻĵȴ
صڷⲽĵɱԼֻǳϣŸ˰ʱջһҽУһֻǲ񣬾Ȼֿʼףȴұˣ
Ҳˣߵķ䣬ϵߣ䳡һε֣ұҲͷļӣû뵽ھȻˣһΪߡֵϹܼɫˣһֱľķǰţȻϾˡΧ£ˣϹܼҲĿ˿
ܵϹܼҵĿ⣬ŭҸʲô㲻ΪұǰɣҲǸ
Ϲܼһӻ֣ˣǻҴȥ֣㲻ʵǵ𣿡пܣǵΪ൱пܶԷ˻Ϊҵ˶һˣɱûлᣬֻ֡
䣡ͻأһըס˵񾭣ϹܼһûҲǴķǱߴģˡ
ȷûΪҽеʱͿһĨӰǱԼĴϣоԷκһ˿ϢȻоԷϢ֪ɱһûߣΪڽʣһˡ
ƾɱ˵ȾʿԷͷС㻹ڴϱĿɫܺãбӰҫ˫ĿȴôпӰŤһΡӰ˹ʱͻȻݹ⣬˳֮⡣
ӰҲæ˳ȥ㷢Լɶ㿪ϼƶԷΪԼ٣·һףĨӰϣֱӰӰӴ˵ϡϲһΪҲߣƾͨȥ硣
ѾڶԷϣڰ֮ϵԾ㻹ܿǸӰӵĶ򡣶ʱϹܼҺҲͬʱ֣󼱣¶˳ֻԼӡʧæҪѾˣϹܼһ̽һֻѹ˹ȥֱץסӰӣӰӾץһɢֻץӡǡ
Ӱʧںڰ֮С
Ϲܼɫ쳣ѿˣΪţΪԼĴӡץסԷɽǺãֻ˵ԷͨھϹܼһ㣬û°ɣԷʲôͷ
лϹܼҹģҺܺãֻǸɱƺóúڰӰжϢ뷿ҲӰӾܰ쵽вҪ͵Ϯ
ѹε֣±Ҫƺǵһʡ
ˡ
ͻȻڵҹһƬ⣬ԿջˣһŻѣֻԾƵڶƺˡëҲЩ罹˵ӡ
ԾǲˣģԭΪܺúһ棬û뵽ôܷңҵǺܺ棬ô֪Ҫ͵ϮģصúܺáҵʱȻۣʶһֱŷһһ¹⵹ӰôԵı仯ôˣ
ȿȡȻϸģ˾ûⱾǣҾŵȾʵ㶼ܴң㲻򵥡ԭ棬ϧѾҪȥƺˣôϷͲˡ
ٶңǰƺãΪҪǸϾɱҲġ
ϹܼҲ˵ұŻʳ߻ŮҪʵ۵ּԳڣ
Ҫϼһʵ۵ּΣû֪Ƕƽ뿪ƺǵġԾмοҵڣ˵㣬˵ģֵֻĶ󣬶ҵĿ꣡ǵΪҺʼɺĽҲװɡ
ϹܼҺʱԾΪ壬ƺǵǷڣ
ˣϡϣͽˡ
ǣүڰµʿ˳˵ֱȡϹܼҺϹܼһס㣬˦ջϽСͶСߣ㣬ҲӳһҪȥ۶ȻұҪ֮֡


2170 Ϊ
㼱ææջȥҲ֪ǸʲôɢߣϣҲ֪Щ˻᲻ԼģǲǾһˣϾԼĶʮţλΪĻĿͶˣĻҲࡣ
ջǲɢԭסǱصĶԾצҪӣҲһӵϡʱ䵽ǽӰܵľķ䣬ҲʲôǣֱŶ룬ȴûľֻһСҶ
Сأ
˵ߣ㲻õģ⼯ϡ
գ̻ͷԼҲøϽ뿪߰㲻ңԼԼɣ˶࣬ҲԱأ
ܲܶɣԱߵСҶ㶨һҵ죡С㣿ôˣ
ҡҲҪһұ֡ȻѹֵʱûУԭһֱڶ档ɺԵ촽߰ɣ
ߵС죬ĵ쵰ҾͲŲʣôôٺһЦס߰ɣڲ˵ʱ򡣡
ߣߵ𣿡ԾĴӿջ˽ǰĿ꣬ɻɱΨӹһ٣ңⳡӲһҿ˯žѽԭΨλˣʧ˹ģŮȻ紫ó£ǺǣҵΣ
һڣΣԸ
û𱬵ӡҸϲý
йгֱӳ˹ҪٶȽԾ
ԾΪӰӷ𣬵ǲʹ֮ǰķʽ͵ϮˣһճһʷɽеĽȦľ죬޴𵴲ɢԵӴͳͳƷɣĽɵİջˡϡƽʵڲɱ㲻
˵Ծ֮ͬҲٮٮߵĴڣ㳤һԼ侲ûзĸ֧ŶãҲ֪
üͷһתͻȻʧݹͻȻٶȱǰ۵糸ǰȥͬʱҲйâȻôĶԾٱҲ֪ʱȻѾ첼ڵˣ
ȻûӴӲ˲ɡ۵ƮɢеЩѹʿʶûʶԾܿʧȥټ
Ҳ˿ƾоԾͼ֮йӰȻΪһͷ޴ޱȵľлƻ𺳵ĳ棬㿴Ŀɿڴķʲôģ
⽻ƥ֮ǿԶԤ֮ϡ򵥲õĹ򣬾ߵķһ̳ɢȴԾշǰЦ⣬ɱ
ƥͷųȥȥԻȴȻĺըν֮鶼ըȥһ㡣Ծͷܺãϲýˡ
ȻԾеķɽǾƷ齣дɱ¾ӿѪɫĹâƬ֮ٴη˺УȻνĻᣬȴûԾʵ˺һʹֻ֮ʵۿۣⲻ֪ԾѾԾޱĽˣǳֿȭİȻܸԼ൱ԾѾǰٷְپġ
ֹȻͬЩӡͬʿ֮УҲûмܹƵȫءͬʱֲ󷨣ûзˡ
ԾֵˣղҲԳʵˣȻΪߣͨĶ࣬ڶͨԸңҲʮ鷳ڿģԼĪʮп⣬ҪܣһһĹҾ
ԾٴγִֻһɷȻһƲ֮ɫȻ̧֡һڿڷɽâζε֮¡Ȼֳʮƽ⡣
ɽֵƣԾһȡЩͨһһ֮¡ʹԭʧˡһݣ˫ִ˸̫һȻ֮׸˳Ӳй
Ծһûϵ㻹˷
鱦ɽȫ򲻹Ҳû÷ֻǴϵ͵Ϯ֪ԾʮֻȻаѷɽ֮룬ȵķֵķ׭
ͷҲأɱŮѸ͵Ľӡһݹ⣬˳ȥԾŭʮ֣׷
׷ʲôϹܼҰƺǵϣ˹һĳϷĴӡ
žԾǰͻȻֶһŮʿΪȻϹܼңȴϹܼҵĹϹܼҲ׷ŻһݹҲߡ滹кܶʿӦսȻûкý
Ǵˣȴ¶ʶߵһ֮ͣһڱѣˣΪߣ֨
С㣬£ȥǡ
㣬Сģ
üͷֻݹ˳Ⱪ¶һƺǵļҶΪձ鶼ʮȾҲ˵ƷҶˣƺǵľ㵥Ļ£ǿȺΧĸһͷ
Ŀ̫Ҳɹһʿ׷ᣬǶûĶңƮȫϷˣƺǵһڼҶֻžͷֲԾˣԼȥˣ
㻷ܣݽ겣שߣƺǼȷĵطѲɵƺǳƽסĸˣһһЩƷҶѲߣ𽥴Ӻӱ¶˳󿴿ҿһ΢ͨļҶȥ
ƺǵͨۼҶҲÿ˵䣬ĵǱһ䣬˯˳ֳļҶλϣȻҡڵ˳ȥѲɫڣץ˵ļҶҲ࣬ϼƲᷢԼġ
ûãͿһݹӶںҹԵøԣұļҶаʿȴǱץ˴룡㲻ΪβֱɱҪѲɻΪߵ˻ȥǣ
̫ðˣ
ûпϹܼңҲûпΪߣҲԾĿֱ꣬ԽɱвõΪķɱޣͬɱ̫ˡǸ˳˵磬ѾǿʿöʹһˮܽѵӰ죬ɻ˷ˡ
ĵԾ׸ģƺʱҲҪƽҲ޿κΰΣȰľҵɡ
ϣٴμԾʱԾ緢ѾΪΪʮȾǿߣȾһ֪˭ˣϹܼҵĻǿɾͲˡ
ЩץұʿҲûбǱڳ֮ǰһƬյأ˻ѾץˣʣδԾƺΪȥǡЩ֮жûϹܼҺҲûľǿ˰ҲΨһʶˣҲóȻж
ϹܼҵĶӣ᲻Ϲܼһû˻ϹܼҸأ


2171 ϴٿⷿ
ƺǾʲôûзһЩǿʿ֪飬Ƕ»Ī˭Ҳ˵ʲôֻ֪ԾʵǿˡҲоյĶɹһϣֻʶ˶ɢˣҲ֪ߡ
ƺǵĴż߼񣬶ҲжƷҶǽ͸ˣƣƺֻЩˣν᲻ɴݡƺֻǿͻơ
㿴ˣҶæµԼ飬ƽֻ޷ƽƺҲһϣжȥ٣˵ǰƺǻ߱ˣֻҲûκľټ
ƻʱ֮һΪȽϵͣȻ첻вȻҲóȻ뿪Ůʮָˣֻ￴ǵֱѯ״һ
ǽ춼û°ɣ
ûأһǸƺҩƽʱļҶ裬ҲԳԶʮչǣóԵĸǡ
ڨڨһЦ̫ˣӦġȻǲǣ˭֪Լ뿪֮᲻̾ͨ籨أԼ˵ģƺȻ󣬵Ծȥңҵõġ
״ã˻ѾץˣֻʣǵĹܼʮȥ汤µʿץʮһҲǻ˵ʣˡ
Ů⣬ǳüʵϹܼأҲ𣿡
ȷΪǿӦòôױץֻҲȥǿҪƺǴһʱˡʱš
˵գָһ̧۵ķ׭һϣʱǸһţû˺ǵ˼ҲǣҸֻҪǲǣǾû£ܲǵ£Ǿ͵ǲھˡ
λǰģţһھԲ˵κϢ
ͷ磬Сȥڴŵƺǵĵ͵ȼҶΣۣǲ»ᱻʲô˸ϵġٴ֮ǰһƬյأһұͰ˶ɱҲţҲ֪ʲô⣬Ծֻڸӵұˡ㿴˿ܣʮȾĶƷҶҲжʮˣһһĶˡ
֪Ծ߻ʮȾĹܼңϺͷϣǼ֮ˣֻҲǰأ㿴˼۾ͻͷˣסȷһʧֻҲ﷭ʱûԶͱһװŮ˴ţ˵ķļҶæʱϹܵģ
ˣЩ־ڱԼɲ¶ţر⣬ý㣬Ҹղˣ»زˣʲôԸ˵ȥ졣
һ㺰ģʮãŤߵ㻹еɣⷿҪ֡ŶһɹأЩȨѾ߹ļҶҲֻ࣬ûסˡ
ƺĿⷿռ˳еղأƽʱһܼأȴǲʶ֣ûзϡͷκһλװ￴Щҩģκ˽ӽ
㿴˿һʮܷҩģиոհҩĿۣǶֻƺǵľҲΪƺµģֻҩģ֮ˣʣһˡ
㿴˿Եľ޴¥һſҲмҶأΪֻ˲һ磬Щ⶯ƺǵܼĲڣôԼܰظɵԼǾѹһԾ壬αظأ
ûãͿղŵĴֵ߻ôˣһ˶ûУȥˣﰵЦЩҶƺǵԼˣпѾߺȡ
˭ûˣЩȥ
ȻһӣİᣬķţͬʱҲѺʹ˹İˣȴϢǱ֮ⷿڡֻҪоܺͺúеĶһһѹε
㵱Ȼûú̳ƿⷿһֱǱϣ˶֪ʲôµʱ򣬺𣬽ɫĹâɢɣҹ֮иۡͬʱҲ˲ˡ
Ǻɶƺ֮ڣΪһȦڽʧ֮ʣţ뺣١ҹգһƽֻлΪȦĺĽŵףջЦͷɶݶʿתţķ֮ڡ
ƺǵĿ֮ⷿǰԾſտҲıѾǱףͣĺмҶѰ䡣Ծʵûôңʮַ꣬Ϊˣ
ļĸǣϹܼҡƺǵϡˡ֮ϹܼҺʰϣһ֮Ǳˮһսϲɡһް취۰װ׵ĿߡԾֻϵһΪ
ⱾܸӽϾƺǻʮȾʿڡϷֿⷿ٣ҲˡⷿȻûȥˡڿⷿȫʧԣԾе׻ŭӡǿˣ
ңң׳ҲҳԾЪ˹УмҶУƺڵСǣҲЭвӣʧ
һߣɹջغ𣬲ûмſʲôΪµһ˲䣬ⷶΧѾһʶ֣뿪ڣôһһҪ֡Ȼڰ֮еɶݵƺǼҶ缱㣬ÿӶһѲô죿
ǲһһҹôѲģ
ѽоأѲʱǾȥˣǵҲ࣬Ǵһ㷴û¡ڴϵģǲ뿪Ҫѹ޴ɶ㰡
˵£ԲʮﶼѾ˺ܶҶÿһÿһչܿţҲᱻ飬С㣬£ȥǡɫĶ񣬴Ӻĵ뿪һ·񱼣ֻֻڶʱڴЧûͱˣ̸оһɼǿԼֻԾŭޱȵ𣺡֣С͵оɲСˡ
ҲˣԾƺǵһλܼңϣ˲ϢԼǰݵ֣Ҳ֪˵ʲôҪɱңô
ٷϻƺǵȫ۸
ʼ磺֪ӲѾȫˡƺˡԾŭҪǧУнӡһǱ£ʩչ֮æܣǷϾϵָݵķ򣬳һȣ𣡡
䣡Ӳˡ
ըһըѣ㷭һҿӵÿ졣Ҳһôӵõǿ
ಣбɳˣϹܼҺ˺ٺЦ˼ǵľ˻ûãϹܼҳڰ֣ʾߣȻᣬϽ뿪ԾּŭǶȥ׷Ҫˣ
ŭӣڣɱ׶Ҫ㳥Ծɫ䣬ȻΪһԾǧǸͨ컹ûϰ֮սҲ㣬ȫ޷ֵϹܼҶ˲ҪĽ
Ծæϣ׷ˣʰ


2172 ˸׷
֪кܶ˸ţÿһΪԼһ磡
ˣȻһʿһһӵľԴ㶯ˣְ鱦ɽֱϣⲢǰһѣƺǿⷿģөƷʸһ
٣
˫šɱ£зų˵ĹâȻǣƺǵһڼҶΪһҲĵ
Ԫն
˾ʲôôôǿ
С
ܣ
ڼҶʶΣյʱѾΪħһȺֱӵҹڼҶԾԾһɢ֮Χ£ʼֽ
ƺǵļҶҲ㣬սȥԸ㣬ȵòС
ȥŭĿԲһ˵Ӱ˾Ϊʿû뵽ͻȻ֮䣬ֶζ࣬޼ѭϢȾˡ
Ȼ䣬Ϣҩһ㣬ҵȫ֮ͬˮڡѪ¯Ҳ·˲俪תһĲ࣬ƣЩ˶¡ûĸ־طľ㣬ͺñŷһܰһ
ŵһ壬һһ徹ȻʮӰֱһڷ硣ٶ֮죬֮ͣЩƺǵļҶûģ
ಡ
ӳƺǼҶΧ£ͻı˺ѿЩҪмܣȴ䲻ٶȶȻ˼ԣԼ˱ˣǻعʱ򣬲ŷܾȻ֪ʲôʱ˴ı˪ѪҺĹǲѾ˲
а֣ͷִ´ȣס죡õԦɽ
ٶƹҴܼ֮һսˣϰ˺ԽԽ࣬ѾγһɺڵĹⲨʿǵ۾ѾˣѪһڼҶ׷ȴǼԦɽЧϾýǾͲôˣҲ˺ܶࡣһȴ൱Ӧôɽƾ׭֮Ȼףȴûʲôˡ
㻹һǿǾǰ״̬Ѿˣڶ෨ϣȻȻͷһ˫ŵڼҶֱ̿ˮ׷ˡ
һ·ܣϹܼҶǣƺǿķϺԾûְʵһЩ˵ģȻ϶ɱղűϷֵʱ򣬷ϵĵѾһ˺ϾΪ̫ԶˣȻҲˣʶż뿪ȥˡ
ȿȡЩϹȫǴԵֱӹҪ˿ɾͳԲ
ҿ˿ȴǿǰС·վһˣľľֳȨȣӭҹ磬Ū㷢Ŀ㣬Ů̿;Ǳˣ˺˲٣ȾѪ¶ЦЦˡ
ľƽҡҡͷô˶סˣ˲ֻߵȾΪҵı˪ҲֻܶݵǵٶȣɱΧı¡û°ɣľǰҪס㣬֣࣬Լͺˡ
㲢Ūľѣľ˿⣬ķס㣬˿ϴ㻹󵨣ȻϴƺǵĿⷿ
Ծʣݹǲ壬ΪΪƭǣôȡһ㶫Ҳʲôֵ¡ڿɺˣϹܼҺͰûƺǵйܼˣƺҪǻ֪ô㣬ֻҪףҲùġ
ţҲӵõӲûй©ܱסСġ
˺ܿĴܼ¥⽼һСľݣľȻûб֣ľصôܣֻǷΣЩСҶҺƹȥˣֻӵҼС㡣
Ѱ˼ղŵҪϷ磬ƺԭܼңʵʮȾһȻԾϵҵ֮ս鲻㣬ܹвõϢԾƺǳڣûвҲܸӰȫһЩϹܼܴԾͷ϶ˣôǾŤתơ
ľҡҡͷղҿһ£Ƕ˶ЩˣȻռţȴ򲻸Ҵ־սģƺǵĶƷҶҲ٣ԵԶɧҲǷˣϹܼҵĶӰҲǽٳţϹܼҲֱɱԾġ״̬˵ҲӦڻ뿪ġ
óõĴʼĶķ˴ҵ֮кܶǣһƷǣҩҩһЩͼһһûʲôȤЩǼͼ֮٣㻹濴ۡ
ҩΣͷЩãҩҪãϸӦЩҵ֮ӵʮȾǿȣٷݣû뵽ƺǵĿ˳㣬׵һƷҶ
֪ľҪЩƾеı˪ȨȾָܻΪҲҪ̫࣬ʮȾҪһǧͬҵ֮ͻƣٶʵ̫ʶ㻹úһӣʵΪȴǻָøߣʮһȾʿҲһս
ְһЩҩָľֵƷҲףܳɹҵΪָֽ࣬ҴԻľͷţжһñ֪ͨ㡣
ڵϣŶƷǣɢɫĹâûչҵ֮˵࣬ڻ׾٣˫ŶƷǣĹڻһգʶУһ׶ʢһ׵硣ĵӰΧƣضʡ
˿̣ƽһƬ飬ϸ۲졣Լڵˮ澭һƬҶһȻĵԣӣȴǴȻڹ֮ʼһһҵϵͱ仯
ɣ֮ڡ֮ȡ૵˵֮Դ֮󡣡
֮㳤һоģϸ֮²֪庱ıƳһЩʣԼԭʾѾû뵽һͻƣΪĵţֻʮһȾ۷Ҳǡ
ʩչ˸ˮϵԼϴˢһִӴóƺǵĶƷҶķΣҡһ䣬Ҳеλˡƿţľһľǰһʯͷ֮ϣɫȴѾˣһůû뵽ԼһϣľԼһϵ
㻹û˵ľֹǵøлŶҿɲǻΪκ˿ŵġ
ٺһЦС㣬Ķ飡
ľһ죬ûĵһۣû뵽㿪ЦľԼķС¹ʮֽźͼ֪ڿЦǻ㱼һϲáľѾҵǴС㣬ǼҶΪҪң֪𡣡
ڨڨһЦҲ㱣˭ҲƺѾߵķΰɣҪȥһսҵϹܼңеҩ԰ָƣָֻƣô뿪ƺˡ


2173 Ӫ
ľ˿̴ҡڵƺ֮ڣ飬ԾԼ˵ƿ˵תˡҪľҵϹܼңָƣܶԸϺԾˡ
ֻǽƺǼҶƺ٣ûôʦڵĴѲ顣㲻뵽ǷԾˣʣµķˣǶϹܼ˼ɣʱ֣ʿʼȥƺԾҪץסұļҶǣ㲻ЩˣԾڹǽҪвˡ
ƺȻҲһЩеʿʮȽѾϹܼҺͰǰͬСвľ½ǿߣͨ䣬ҪץҲôסϵв󡣶㵣ȴԾǷ󷨣֮ǿķԸԼЩˣ
ľ֮ǰĿտ㳡֮ǰұͰ˶ţûϢˣ˶ʮƣ룬Щˣ״ֹ̬ۡеǣƺԾ֪ϹܼҵĶӣ˰ܵƤ޵ĳƺͨĥϹܼ͵һ壬ƫƫ˲ò
ľһҶΣװģվ˽ȥѧҶһάľĵʵҪǣȥ𣿡ȻˣĪǸܼһԾǳصģҲϹܼҺȣȻûˡǵͨȻǿҲȽͨʤǿ󣬽׼죬ĺݣҴʱǶ֡
ľͷЩĵץֱۣҾͷˣһʱȣͳȥء
ôǸԾľĴȴûƺǴʱǿˣò˰ɣ֪սΡ
ˣϹܼҲɵģס
žžž۶ۿԽԽ࣬ϵƤҲԽԽ󣬵ǰǿûкǸߺϽߣҪʵұ˶֪û뿪ƺǣôŻʳûеõұϵŮôұ᲻ڣŻʳұκһᡣҲԾֻ̣ҪɱЩˣôǰȫġ
ֻû뵽˳ɫӹ˵׷ɱϴƺǵĿⷿû뵽ƺǵܼһһ
޴һʱƤʱԾ˳ֻɫ԰ףѪңȻˣΪ棬Ծ߻ˣѹֳٳٲȴûзַϣѲɷҪصĺ֣Ծ˳˰
Ծߵǰ棬λЩƺǵˣɱϹܼңֱ񼫣ƺǺдǣû뵽ǾȻնҪȡƺΪ
Ҷ֪ѵʱ̶ڶɽ٣ѣҸ׵Ķ֮ڣȴҲǰٷְٰȫϹܼѾɱȴңڣǵȴûץ˻գҾҪΪϱ˵Ǹò
ʿǷ׷׸ߺ㲻ҡҡͷЩʬ⣬Ȳ˵ǲȥ˽ľЩʵ֪龭ģȴȻ֧ԾʵһʵΪõ˸Ӵ֡
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һӿԾӪòˣһ죬һѪɫսԵİɫɫֻа˵ȽѾʵκεĵֿۿͷҪˣϹܼ̲סҪˣͻȻ
Ծ¶һЦϼһ̲ס𣿾͵㣡Ծһţ߰ϹܼҰУæסһ˲ĹžŰʮһʮȽѾʿǵķαͬ⣬ӦƺļʿһΪŶˣͬʱһС󷨣ٴСΪ
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ȴǱϸץ˻ϺԾͬʱϹܼҸΧסŸ岼õһۣǶģȴһɹһεĿסϹܼҵֽţȻϹܼʵǿȴҲж裬һϣ͵ͣһ£ڸ֮ıʮģ
ҲȺУε̾˿ղͲ޳ϹܼҳȥǰеϹܼһ壬ǲȥˡϹܼҲıץץϹܼңԾֲЩˣһץƺǵĵΣ
ƨҲ֪Ծ֪ұӣԼԼǱӪȣȻһٰԼ£ⷿʧɾһˡ̾˿ʳӣϹܼһʱ嶯˴þ棬Ⱥ棬иֵҩˣôױܣ
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Ҳ׼ü˵Ծŵù£ܻϹܼҵΪóȥҲܵıƺʱšҲΪȥٵΣϹܼҵϾҲ֪ҲһùƺеĿⷿ
ľĵ̾˿ԭŵ˾Żʳͼƻߣû뵽һվƺǾô鷳㣬Ȳ˵Ļô죿
ʵھȲˣֻƺˣϾҲͦģɽҲ࣬Ȼݻױһ뿪
ӡǣӲġľСסظԼֺγأһ뿪ƺǣͻᱻ춴Ϥֻȥһסĵط㰲ȫӡǣһЦ˵˭ˣҿǿϴȻЩǣСϷôסأ
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˻ҪȵģҲԾóѵģ취ӴҲСҩ˾㹻ˡ
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һƺǳȥľǴŵҩƺǸѰȻϹܼұץ֮ȥˣƺǱϸƽ뺣һϢԾҲǱʮƽûٴʱԾȡƣҪ˭ȳסˡԾҲ޷ˣһߣƺǾͿҪⶥ֣֮ץҲܿšҲ֪ƺǴþˣŮѡʱ䣬ôұҪ֣֮ұûˣԾҲͲκι˼ˡ
ֻʮѹ֣ϤϹܼұץֲ֮κ춯ԽİȫˡһĪ㺣ǲ£뿴㡣ֻֽѰ㡣ЩϾԾûмԼʱҲװһۼҶԼŮװȴǲױϳ


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Ųȥϸո̤¥ƺǵļҶͻͷ׺ݵĵΪ׵׿ԼЦСǲǿϸ缸һ϶ǰڨ缸ؽһˡ
׿ֿɲҪ̫ˣŻ绨˶ɾͲˡһ˹ĵļҶǰץ֣װ΢΢ϹСĻ񡣡ѣĻȴ̰ĻС֡
ſңܵԴСƢʱ¶ţƺǵļҶֺĻֱӽȥЦĸĹ
Űϣݲߡ׿ƹģõľƸ̳̳֡˵գ׿ֹ˹գܵÿ죬ȴǶ㿪ˣ׿ĺʱˣŭҪӣ
žֱӱһ⡣ǿۿתỨ˿ܣһʿĸҵƺǵĶƷҶлһЩͨˡ
㡭쵰㣬㵹ǲҡ㣬ұ۸ѽĬĬ㡣ֵܳأ
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ʵԾѰģֻǱҪ͵˶֪ʮȽѾĸ֣˵ʮҲ˼Ҷ֡ʶΥĴϹ䡣ûⱻˣĻȽϸͷ硣
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һͿ۸ջˣʱŭ̳һԵһֻӣͷ׿ֲм䡣һֵЩãΪÿӵٶȸÿˣһɫ⣬׿˶ǿΣȴǱܲ
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ûпͷԼĽѵʶЩĻֵǷ˭ģǿǷ̾үģүǳ£ֵǲЩأ
˵˶סǹĸý߳ȥģҪ֮ЩĮ˹ֻǳͷǿһŮܵΪˡЩ¥ʿƺǵļҶڧҲͣû˹ǿ첻ý߳ȥġ
ͻȻһʮָɢʮ⣬ÿһЩӱʿǽ㴦ͳͳ㿴˿ܣɲǼʮˣ˵ǹ뿪ΪǵĮͳЦۣǿԳЦµģ
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׿ӣ˦㣬Сӽ˭֪֪мҹ棬ƼҶ˽㵭˵ڲڡ
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׿ָָϵ̳ӾƣǸղźȹģȣǱǵĿˮ㡣
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ķȭĵ˵Բ㡭ҵĴ
ȻоԴһĸ˵СʲôûǸԽǼԽھΣ£㡭ңڡ
¥ڵ˶߹ˣʣ¥кȲľһ£ָ˵¸ǸҶǵ֣һһ
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翴˿㣬ޱȵţźʹݸȾܴˣŷȭüߣ㣬Ĺǣݺݵǡ
ǡʱһɫ۵˽󻹸żŲˣ׿˻æ񣬵ү񡣡Ծİȿʪ͸磬˼ң
׿ĵүŮҪ̲飬֪ź˭ļҶӡ׿˿㣬ǿȴĿаȵ£޲ԣȥ￪һϷҸλú̸
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Ȼһ󣬵濪ѣ̳˶סˣû뵽ͻȻ£ȻͻȻȻ֣˿£˲ͽΪ׵İ֮ϡٶ֮죬š
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綼סˣһʱ֮侹֪ʲôƺǳĶӰԾֵܡֻȴ֪ԾѾǱر׷ɱ㻹ں㻹û¹
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͵Ϯүˣо
ͬӶĸ˳˹ȴƺһЩӵܣǲò˵ΪȷʮȽѾҲһļҶɱȣǻһЩ͵

ޱ˹ȥǿȻţסˣɻɱ־Щ˲һУڷ
𲣬ЩļūſӣҪ֪ԼݣһҶԼУſң򡭡
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⻰׿˸סˣǻˣôǱȻҪܵǣҲˡ
Ǹʲô֣ɱҰ𣺡Ұ
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׿̿ˮô£һõʲôܲݱ˵ķǿ޵ıģһʲôͷ
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һȻǶ֪֪׵ľС죺ֻôѸͰ
Ū˵бĽ棬ɢ˵ĺһɿ־У治ļҶĻɵԼԼޱȴȥģڲҡ
ŬԼƽˣ㣬ңһҵû
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㡭ôʹҧݣûΪһҶŹġ
ЦߺߣǸˣȻһҶ˵ԭû۸뱣ˣ̤ҵʬ߹ȥȻһůһֻ̣֮һˡ
ڵϵˣⴴЩļɫܲÿҪǿӣǶЩη壬һͰˡ
Ǹ³֣Ϊʲô˶أΪʵǿ̤˵ϣǸ
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ԡԡԲҡ˵ĻҲ㡣ԭңԭҰɡݶҧˣȴĲҲǸо˱ĺɱ⣬εɱ⣬ջǶ϶˵ôһ仰л𺣷ӿҪ
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ݸһЦģ֪̹ˣһ֣ҸǣүߵļҶҪԸңԼúõ
⻰Ŀɿڴûͼ׿죬ĻȸǾ˭Ϲϵƺǳ˽ӡұԼ˽ŮŲˣƺȴرӰף׵ΪҲǲ
ݺݵһҧ׸Ϊ˲ҸڿʮȽѾĸ֣⹷ӵɡ


2176 ֮
ˣľҲѸ뿪ֳһһʵС㣬ôԼܳˣЩˣΣհƲƲ죺˼ҵҪи̣ԺǶ֪ô뿪ء
һլԺԵķͣ£Ѹٽһ䷿ڣֶ̧ǽɳŷ׭ȷԼ̸ݲᱻ͵
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Ҳľ̬Ժһս㣬ͻȻӺ汧ס㣬һ߲һ㣬ʹӦ˼ǲڲұˣ˼ûеˣҵС㣬ͣˣ
ͻȻôһֻŶһ㣬罿ʵԾܾæС㣬ô᲻ͣ㻰أȷſ
ţҾͲţӦ˼ңĲ㣬㣬һʮֵİȫУоԼܵõ㡣У͸ȥŪԡͰ˳ŪһƺѾߵķΡ
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ʵ׵һ⣬ԭǱƺǳȴ͵˽ײΪԼǸ˽Ӷȥ̳ƺǵĿܣ֮ԾƺǸһ㣬ԾĻﶼֱ˵ˡ
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ǰ޵棬Ų׼̳ƺǵĻᣬƽʱ裬϶١
ĺҪȹ黹ⷿĶʾ⣬ȻһΪ뿪ٻһ롣׾ԼһᣬʹӦ㡣
ʶ׵ļҶʵҲ˼Լǲ⣬ΪߣܲⰡʶСĽٴ˵У衣
ŪĶû⵽ıƺҲЩɵף˳ķԸ׸ϵѾŪϴԡõĴľͰҪ뿪缱æס㣬ߣ¡
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һ˭˻Σգ㱳Ҳͺˡޣʶ֪ҲŰġ
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˻·Ժвɵ뵽½龰ˮڶߣô㲻Ĭ䣬ֹܸо
ʵǱˮ棬ҪҲῴʲô֮仹һƫʱſڵķ׭һ£̲룬һͨһЩСϷǹš
㼱æȥ֮ϵһźɫķ׭ŤбļѪɫģ㲢ûзڣһſӷʩ߿׭ڵطһУ˶ԼܸȤ
Լ˲ģͼԼԾһ£׭˲䱻һճ֪ľһֱڰԼķ׭ûͻ㲼õĽ磬Щй뿴йŮʲôҪҪôĻѽߣ˿϶м飬㣬ܲһ
֮ڣѾ룬аһʵҵ֮㣬֪ΪʲôҲϲ
ҡҡͷ̾˿ҵ֮ŵһԣ˼ƺɵ˺ԶĹȥҵĵһӵҵ֮ҵһѡʱΨһѣݺֻͨһͨ˼ҵĺӣǶСֻ֪һ棬һ
Ҳû⣬ǶСˣʵһһǿҪҾͰ͵ı⣬øǿˡ˵ɫȻСֽٺұ۸Ͱҳͷӣ±ҵΪһͨ˼ҵӵܣұӣעûл·Ͱɱˣת޵ϡӴҾҲҽˣ£ֻΪҶ
գ겻ѣû뵽ͯѹų
ÿҿЩҵ֮Ҿͷ·ܸоԭˣͨɱ¾пܵõҾʮַУͲȥӵЩ̾һÿһ춼ɱˣɱޣΪΪʲôҪôһأҳô룬ֱֺҾͷڲͬˣ
ڨЦڲͬҲҲǿǿ
Դҡò˹һŲأǲͬ㲻Ϊɱ޹㲻Ϊ㣬𣿻ƿʲôﲻ㣬Ϊ׸
ҡҡͷгΪ׸ұ̫ˣǸҶ㲻ȴûСֻҪ㹻ǿҾܱ㣬ȫһֻҪ㹻ǿҾߵﶼԺţ
Ȼһһ׳ＫĴŮķġߺӣ֪ţΪǿô׵ôǽҵõƺǵĿⷿ
Ҫҵ֮ȴͻȻס֣°ɣҪǿȻ룬ҸӲΪҵΪ㡣㲢û˳˼ʵҵ֮ģһᱣģڴ߲һ̾Ĵ󷨣ʱԴߣصԭһ
㣬ȥŵʵҪȥϹܼ𣿡
Ӧģ㲻õңҲûյ顣˵꣬뿪˷䣬Ϯƺĵεӣ״ӦȳϹܼҵˣֻҪܰѵҩϹܼңָƣԾͻˣ
һƺǣôԾ군ˣ׽ƺʱȡԾĵλԾѸƺô鷳ҲǾʧ衣
֮⣬һϣװԣˡʱһ˳һɫ£һȣЩ͵ķʡ
׵˵Ǳ˵ܵһ٣úܺãˬĸףҶʲô춯ģѾñ˵ƽϢ£ǰȫġ
һüΪʲôҪñ˴ң
ӣĻΪȻߣЦװʲôʴȣҪ£Ҫ԰ȫҿɲΪЩ¶֡߰ɣҴȥ


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ſڣͷԵļҶ¶ˣײõôĹҽȥҲϣֻԱ˳ŭĿʾ俴㣬̲סȭͷһߣΪӦ׺Ҹ磬¾𣿡
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˫Ūһ˪ұһ磡һһ㶣漴֣Ÿӣ㲻֪Ҫ͵ôţĺģ
еĸ֣Ҫ͵һƣļԦ֮£һΧĿռ˲ᣡһҲɲǼ䱬һһѪɫУЦūžūţֶҲһ㣡
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ı˪˲䱻һеѪɢתᴩʵĵڣƲףתһ׽ֻһ˿һĹһ̣۵ĵнתĿռ䣬ѾЯ֮ݺݵһֱһһ
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ģѪϳءҲĳ徢УϵĻ׷׷ɢ
δȫվȵ˱ϴϢѹȣƵÿһ֮رȻķѡʧȥɽһҲ׵ŤΧȦ֮У׷ӣΪ̫ˣֻһתȵϡֻϧķɽѾһصڵˡ
㿴ȥ·磬ʵһ֮Ҳδܺõ˶Ϊ޵ѪˣȻܷɣЩˣֻƣ˶ѡ˫һֻ֣ƽɫϸ˵Ӯһ̡
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壬ȴʶ񣬵з׭ӻǻգȴһ¶ûУ׵ӵܼ㲻㣬Ϊ㲻ˣһȴѾˣǺȻһĪѹס壬˻ȴг֣ҪȻײ֡
ģȻд󣬸ɣ壬ʶˣˡ
һŵĴУһ̾Ϣѽְô˵Ҳһ֣ôʧأұΪܴҵȤȻûáԴѹ˵Ӱ
һ춦ɫ죬ԼǿֶΣȡףҲԽԽ٣ۼ𣬻ǲҪ˷Ѻãһʵôֻ棿°ͣô֪㻹бûУûеĻٺ١
ҪЦң
һ߳ŭϣһ鱦ͳԷ춦ΪԶԶĳĵУ浤Ϊɱһһڣ㳡˵Ǳ˺ۣ㵥ƴ˷춦Ҫܿһ͵ϮȻǴ˸ƽɫһ꼱ˣ춦ãûüôãеĹѾ㹻˺ˣ˺˺£ÿζȥһԽԽûġŷ춦ֲ˶ãֱһ㣬һȭһû÷춦׷˵־ˣһҲû
ֱܣһյĴ
бңȻĵϷȴǲȻĲ


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һֱܣϿɽʯϽףʹʮȽѾһһΪȴ޷ʩչñһͷݵޣȴôҲץһͷķɳ棬ĸоһʹ
һŭҲҸսʹ죡ܡЦץңԼţݸһЦôãʱȫˣƺʮӡ㳡ܵĿùˡ
һæʲôۣʲôͨ
һҲÿռЩŹ֣¶Ȳ½쳣ܣˣһű˪һۣˣˣӶı˪һҲһ˪ֻʵǿһһӣ˲飺˲õӮң
㲻˵αظֽôࣿۿһ㲻Ųæļˣһ˪󷨵ʱͻȻԼһ׵Ŀռ䣬״ȸղŵѩ˪׿Ҫǿö࣡һ໼Уæˡ
Ǻȴߴ˷ʮɫĿռ䣬ЩâƺƾնʵղĴʱĲõģһ˾ϣԽԽмܵסûˣԸеЩգȻǿдУȴûãΪ󷨻᲻
һû취ˣæսȦȴǷսȦ⣬Ȼĵһ걩ŭޱȣоԼ˵һϷˣһеĳȥһģ˹ȥ
屻ײʱķѣǵڵϲŷǲһѩһһ˳ȥȴԵ֮ڣͻȻǽסҪƣȴԺ磬ֻЦ㻹з𣿡
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㱳ͻϮһԭЩŭǣķҲʱסӻˣ˫ֹŪ쳣ֲףһ֪Լ޷ֿףʶȥ
һ˿ɾƾޣһŴ䣬̤˱˪֮ڣৣһһ˪סı˪ûľôרҲ̫һ¡
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˶ûϵһ걻Ƴ˵ĵҩۿƾãΨиϽ֣һ꣬һ˪оУ˪͵Ϯ籡ĺŤռĸоһüëһôϤĸоղ˿ͷƿڴٺ٣ãСӣһҪʮ
Ÿӣղ㻹˵Ҫɱҵģ
أһԼıһӶס˪У㱻֮󣬽һȵն

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ȫʩչȻ䣬籬ը̫һ㣬ҵȫ֮ͬˮڡ·һͷբĿ˲俪תıֵһΪͨ࣬û뵽
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ಡӳֱ۵ӰӶһƬëĽ⣬֮һƬѪȣֵм˺һȴ֮ǿǲֵܵãȴ䲻ݵٶȶȻ˼Ѿ˲
ˣҲֻǱ˶ѣˣȴǺ𣬳Ĺ󣬲ҪľáΪԼҲѵģġ㵭ȻߵԣȻףʱҪˣˡ
ҡȣ˹ĿɿڴһȦŭƨţ
ܻ鼫ΪãһֱԼĴԾԼڣҪԼΪߣֻ³ҡʲôʱҲܻؼˣѵҰȥסûҵһϯ֮𣿵˵𣿻Ƿ˵ģ
ˬȭͷ쾻ǻ£˿㣬һԲˣĴȻҲ޷赲ˡֵܴͷɥû뵽Ըһ·磬޹⣬ۿ㡣
״ҡڵĴԼ᷿ʾ££ξڳ棬ûͨĻλкܶӣҰﲻ㣬棬ǵļƻҲ;ʹ˰ݡͨڷƿأܵõҲС
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ϸ߿գ⾹Ȼѩ»ϵ½ľԶȴͨ˪ȨʩչҪѳѩܿͻ˺һ㣬Ծڰ಻סˣȥƳľľҳ
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챻ֵܵܣ״̬һǧɣֱӱͽָɵʱѾ겻ѵԾæͷϳץһ̵ͷߡľЭûбץ
ԾܻϣھͲˣ׷һµĻǾ½ԱϿַʧȴǰԾӣͷūүǲ
ֻôһ׷ȴóûһǿĸҲݵĨȥϵαװһȻ飬ҡȵ˵Ǳˣ
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һеĵεͼ¾㱸ֻǷԽ׺ȻѵûԿƿ̫󷨵ĻķѺܶʱģҾȥѷ˸ɱˣԿףܶࡣ
ŶһȴǲΪȻ߶вٸ˱ƺԼӱɱȻȻŭԽԾô鷳Լкùӳԡǽ赶ɱˣԼϵأԼҲǴͨĸ֣磬һþأ


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ľַڱôͲˣҲ뿪ƺǣһ֮˵ˣϿ쿴ؾʲôŹְɣһ˵֮пҪ֮صؾֻҪҵĵѹ֮Ƴˡ
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޵ɶ޴ɶˡǻ᳤Ҳǻ̬ҪСġľ˼ƺöԸ㲻ɵﱻˡľ˵ЩǹԶţܾܿԶѪƻÿһϸָǣףȺӶ֮һǱ
ȴǲ£һЦЩ޳һɣ׭ȫЦ㱣ӲգҪҷֺۿȺн֮ǹ˵ĳ˹ֻǽˣôײû˵㡣䲻һǰնֱӰЩ޷ɢǸɢ
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ʶһɨȻת׼ȷֱסһ͵һߵ̣һʹǵͣЩԡ
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˼ľһ˵ľֱͻƵع֪ˡƵⲻףƺϾʮ˵ȽѾǿߣŪĶʲôʵĹ˵
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ģаǰƿնķϢƺҰ޵צ͵һͣâ̫죬ԱߵļӲʯ̱õȻ޴棬޷ܵĸоҲѹ޾ȻԼѹʵԼ
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ͷһѪѪӿоⷬ̽ܵ˲ˣ⻹ʷͬ˵£Ҫǻͨʿ㲻ҲҪз˰
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Ҫæ˵´һġ
ĬĬĵͷؾĲԼָ۷״̬ٴηѣһץľʣ㵽˭ľ龪ȣһȴǲڹ磬ӾȻĻһͷ飬ߴߴЦͷ˶ߣٺٺ٣˭ҾԺ˰
ץһգٵľֱʧ¿ͷˣǰػ۷ȥؾҲøɭֲ߲ʱղϮԼ޵ĵͳ㲻֪ʲôʱٴγ
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ױ죬õ˵ʲôƭˣǲɵˣ㷴ʵΪν
ҼôûжΪԼˣ涼֪֪ҡȣѾˣҲѾˣ֪֪ٲ뿪ҵһҲҪ
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Ծͷܼ׷ɱץ֮ɱˡûѾ·ˣɣϽ뿪


2180 ز
״һͬѰ·ԭߵɽȵĴ·һֱͨɢâĵص񹬣ȴǸС·ؾеһԭʼɭ֣ɽˮģû߶ԶɻʵղŻһͷǱңûˣΪʲô
ΪղߵǴ·Խ޾Խǿ
˰ʱ䣬ֻԽԽ٣̧ͷʵ·뿪ؾ
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Ϸǿһؾˣؾ֮УϷܶȡڵļ䣬ٺ٣СޣƺҪ뿪
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ǾؾĸؾʵԳǿǨƹģͨһΰĵعؾҾǸġԽΪز
춮ô񰡡һΪˡ
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СӲǫ顣޷ǾһЩޣղҲˣҿóлֵأǰҲ󴳽ûڡزһ˵һ߻ͷ㣬㱻ն۾ʮֲˬɴԼǰһɫĹסݡ
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ʲô˲ĵط¼ﲻһ
ȻһﲻƧһЩܶܳңܽѾټǨƶ֮أҲǵСľۼءǱСʵֶθֵһᣬҿͶţ۱ۣ˵ޱȣóսǧʿ
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ͫһϼһƭԼΣƭˣҶ˵ɱԼģдӲǲè
ˣǵķצӴһɫĹâ֮ϣ˿ԼצӣȻû취ƿһɫĹⲨֱܣʲô
һףƲȻǸ߿ˡͷ󶨣Ȼ֮ƺûôױƿ⼫ΪԼȡʱ䣡㿴ԼǰħڶԼ·𱻻Ϊľż
㻹ľУͻȻһӰ˳ֱӳز޴ײɡ
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㾳ߣǿҲǿмܵõȴҲ
ءز˵ֳҪأ
ŵزһ̷һʥ鵤ϵػָеķɽǵĽһ˰УһɲǼûްĽӰ
زû˿ȣŰеĽӰ˵ѵͲһЩЧһ似𣿸ղҿƵѾһˣѾûõˡ
ߣٷϻӵ£Ȼøģ
˵ţеķɽǲ׵ģֻܴУ֪ԼԵزɶ˺ˡеĽӰȻųĿĽâϢֱʣһ̣ѿӣӰ·𻯳꣬زкȥ
էй̶¡
ʥزشЦ˫ֳסͷȻƾһУͬһģһ
¡¡Ϸ˴̶𻨣زƺջ㣬Ц㣬óȫʵɣһúĵġܶϤĶڵļ䣬ؾڣģ²ѧϰһùֶΡ
㱾ҪŭʱȴͻȻ侲ˣм憪£Уӡ
ޱ飬Եزܵסʽû˿⣬ɲ֮磬˫ƺ͸գֱֱӡɨ˹ȥһֻ״ֺɨӵеģģ£زģ³һ׵֣˵Ĺ˲ײ
䣡
ӡȻɢز˻ΣһѪҲô㲻ӵص׶ѡ㵭һЦˡ콣ʧ٣ɽɶأбĺ󱳡ʱҲڵħǡ
زҺУڵϣһʧ黯ôܣͷΪʲôյҵĻǣ
Ŀ˵زһۣû壬һĻ񹬲ŵİɣֻҪһ˿Ҳ군ˡŵزؾҲʧˣ㷢ԼȻڣ߻εƺǵļҶؾھʱҲࡣ


2181 
֮ϰϰһЩҶЦηǰķʱ׶
ʱ˿̣ʮҶΣǺòײŴԼƭԿףĿֻһɱұϹܼңȡΪһжԾģԣԾ뿪˳ᡣ
ϷƬ֮б֮˶ǳüġ˶Ԥϣһ죬Ƕϣܻȣû뵽ҪҪôɱҪôɱѡ
ҶҪʱ׼һ
ɱ̫ˣҸƴˣʿҲǱѪڣվʱŭڣݺһǽڣƵһâ
ԣǾƴˡ
ԣǲث֣
ҲҪһ汳ģһζأ

һվʱ˺ӦȪ׷׼ҪƴϹܼ̺סˣ𼤶ѾˣڸҪסΪʲôô˵
ϹܼҴʱˣǽڣʮ˵ƺǿûʲôȨԾܻѵΪøģô϶Ծʲô£Ծڳ
ӻ˼ǸԾǸϣȥ׷ɱͬΪˣ˵ʲôϹܼεҡҡͷ޴Ծײ뿪ģȻ뿪ˣ϶ΪԸ񣬲ô³ç֣Ȼˣ϶һԤıӪжϾҪ뿪ƺǣϼһһ졣
˻Ȼȴָоһ˿ϣ⡣ѾȵòͷˣΪұϹܼһɱǿϣλôֵˣ˵ͣͷЩ˵ҪҰһЩСæȥϼһץ
ʱǣͷֻֿа˵ȽѾǣôܴùƺǵĶƷҶأû¾ͱڵأǿ°ϹܼҡϹܼҲ˺ۣˣʶԶԶġ
ޱ飬һӣɱˣ
䲻һըװĴһɱ˵εĿؼҶһ߸ϹܼҲ뿪ƺǵϣһ㣬ʱˣεĽ棬εӰæУ죬ȥֹ졫ңңʳ񵤣һʮһȽѾģ
ƺǵۼǶħײжɱƺҪųѪĹоɲʲô⣿үô־壿ǼҶһԵĳȥɱ˵εط̫Сʩչ
ƺǵļҶϰȻУҲȱݣǴŴϣ޷ˣԻ˵ԱߵˣԼˡŭطСôϸԶҶһսȦѹټһʮʹôŴļҶĵطʩչЦ
ߣɱ飡һ˾͹ˣҪ˰æһʳ񵤵ļҶ˳ӿǷߵļҶʵѰҶɱȣ㣬ɢ
㼥㲻֪쿴ŵһôҵ𣿡ǼҶһһҧӲͷƤϣȭӰ
һʱ䣬ȭӰɳʯɣƴ˷Χ֣ģƺǷߵļҶʵжǿԽԽš
Ҳʹȭ˫ȭͬʱдһȭֱʹʮ㾢Ľ⣬һӴͬ㳯һӿȥƺǵļҶһʱƣԵޱȵн֮Ѿסȫ͵һģͬʱһкһǿϢ͸壬ۆһ˺ѿ
䣡ƺǵ˿Ǳɣ񵤣ǿͻƾ磬Ѿ൱ðյľзĿܣϵȴѹһӲӲȻɡ
˫ȭ͵һ̣һҵĵֻ֮ǱݺˤڵϣѪһ㡣ȴû֮ǣ˵ҲЩľѣ߹ֱۻָ
ðԵȭ޵ǵؽװɣӲƿͨ
ƺǵ˱ǰ޷һĻãĿɿڴҲסˣԼͬطһ󾪺ôֵܵˣǷʳ񵤰
Լ䣬ǿ˫ۺƺǿ״̬֮СЦԽսԽ£ѪȻʮһȽѾ㷢ԼŶѪˣÿһȭǣƣͬʱƻָҲõ˼ļǿĿǿ
͸оһ̬ôܻ˵ȥȥ˰˶ɱ϶ͽҡ
ʱŷ֣ĥߴûõģֻɱʮȾϼһԼӵǲõġϹܼĿʱˣĸʮһȽѾСҶס붯ֻʣһ׵ʹá
ˣ֪͵ƺǵĿֻⷿҪԼߵߣͻлָƵĵҩͻȻٽ̹ϹܼͻȻ죬һʨɽһ˽һ˵ĳ
צʹס䣬Ϲܼþһһݹ⣬㱳ЩԥԼҪҪɱأӵȴûͨ飬ԼͬԼܺܺõķھ
֮зɿȡᣬûûбҪɱ¾ȻϹܼ˺õĻֻ˶ûһˡ㼱æһŵҩϹܼҸ˵Ľӹ͵Ŀһۣĵʥ鵤̫ˣҶһ뱾죬Ҳ֪ˡ
һŵҩ¶ǣϹܼҾ͸оů߱ȫһĻˮ֪ȥһһߴ󺰣ӰɣϽ֪ͨ壬Ҫüðգ֪ͨˡ
ߣϹܼ˫ͨ죬ͷ­һţɱ⽥Ũһ
ǼæսԼѾùˣʣµĽ˾ͺˡϹܼһҲǴģӰ̼ѪɺӣΨߵ죬ûӰˡȳ֮ٸһЩҩƵõָ
Ϲܼҵ㣬ʲô
ǣԾͷ϶ˣϹܼң㻹ǾȥֻҪȫʡ״̬֣ôǾͲӲƴǼһ뿪ƺǣֻҪ뿪ƺǣţôԾҪұŭ𡣡
Ϲܼ㲻Ҫ˵ǣѵ
һ㶣Ϲܼҵ˼ϹܼҵƺǵԿԩҪǰϢȥȻñѵԿɱ㰵Ծܾ֮Զ໹棬ܱѵָﻹӵжĵطһоҵ֮Ӱġ
ĴмּɵԼ֮ѵ߶ԶϹܼҳϱŻ˵ƺŮɫأΪǿľŻʳͺˡ


2182 
ȳϹܼҵ˾ͼææܳΣſÿͳеѪһ㣬ĲȻû㡣㲻оܻԾļƻ㹻һٴˣαضҪҵ֮Ҳûá
ĿʬףһΪڵĶ֮Уоҵ֮ľʾΪԼܰȫߣֱ޴ңΪҲɱֻǸСܵвѡ㻹ǲҪҷϻˣϽ߰ɣſѾˣˣʣµĿⷿĶǣȻſɾͲŶ
һӦҩͻûɵҩȫ£ҲǶûõĶȫȥ׶ʱüͷˣʵôôࣿ
ʼ磺һ´ʡôɫѿˣȻʣµûҲҰĵģѿⷿˣǿⷿĶǶǶõģõȴǱˣôԵЩˡȴ㣬ʵٴչʾ֪ǿˣ
׺ݺݵһߣŶˡ
㼱æȥ磬׵ĸ֮ۡ粻֪ȲԼȥأǵʱȴǴһ֮类廨ֵ¶Ų𣬾Ȼ׿졢Ļˣ
׿쿴㵽ôôͻˣҲգٺ٣ñ𶯡ȻСǾǰףģôͬˣ
ǿװ򶨣һЦǰװһҵвöϵġǵǴ󵨣¡׿첻ĵѾԾϳˣ㣬㺦һУʧȥ˳ıӻǾ͸Щͨʿʱпû취ҵ֮Ϊһжǰ͡
Ļ˹ĵҲޱȵɱĿģɱǲйͷ֮ޡ
׿ץһ͹ޣһȫϣٺٺٵЦǵľǷסˣͨûһѻǴһսĸʬʹоһҲûϵ㿴Ҳ
ɫҲ൱ĲÿĻ־һӣֻҪһ֣ôͻȫŻԼȫʩչܻҲҪˣһŮŮӣ䰮˵ֱǱܡ
㲻òЭʵǵô
ղŲ˵Ҫ׿Լ֣ݺݵĴϣȴһֱ֣ӱ׿һѪ翴һĻļӵĴޣ㣬Ҫң߰㲻ҪҰ
¶һɬЦݣС㣬ҾͲˡ
ģߴ׿һţȫʩչ㻹Ǻܵģ׿һ֣ĸСҲ׷ǰ֮յñǵȻҪúŰ㣡˵һȭߣҲȭȭʹ顣׿ͽŹǣȻһԡ׿ģйͷˣҲһ
㵭һЦʲôĻóһѷɵŵÿ
ۣɵһûֽ׿˸ڣƣ׼ͷ
ĻóһѷɵЦΰ˫ֶˣ
ۣɵٴûһֵֽѾˣĥԼȴʲôˣĺڣΪʲôԼҪ̰ΪʲôԼҪ߲ҵ֮ΪΪʲôԼҪϣǴԼߵôѣ
һˮ£˵㣬ҪߣҪң㡭ߡɬĻصС㣬һˣȻһҶ˵ԭ򣬾ǱԼߵˡ
׿һţϣĵģ㻹ˣƨ˧ĻǽӵǿŮˣ
Ǹң㱩ŭѣһ£ĻϵһһѷɵĲϣ𶯣һˡ
Ļ⿪ϵв·ԼѡǣͲܵĥȫˣ֪ô죬Ӳ·ԼǻƻŮӣЩ˸ˣ
ĻͷˣСԶҪ˺·ڿ˻ᣡûκֱвĶӣûУķɵûУֻĻץĴ֡
ڵˣһŭϽɫĹâҫһ֧һ˳ȥĻӦҲѸ٣ƣȴȻײɣʵĻ࣬ȴΪͻȻײˡٳٲԭģصɣɱѵĺΪǿʶһֱڵȴᡣ
ղŵ裬ڽһһͻȻ׿һȴǷʳʥ鵤ƺõĵҩƽʱƹڼλүеģһȻҲУָ̼翴һ⼸ˣ׿𣺡ĻץסǸŮˣ
ѣӵһԣȴкһʱ᲻ʲôΣգһץ׿ԴݺݵڵϣֱĶϡ
׿ͻȻ֣Լ޻֮ͻȻһ׿쾪ķԼԴתˣȻԼĺ󱳣ıȫʵϵѹӹɵģִ̧ʮɷѷΧܣߣʣ˸Ǿˡ
ʰϴ㿴ˣСΪ˻׷׹ģүүǴˣ·ֻܵ׿Ĺƻһ˵˵Ĺġ
ȣȥ
ΪһһߵͷһĿɡӻֵϵĶûеˣҲм֣ɡ
˸˲ѣģ׷ߵͷллүүлүү
㿴ںͺ𽩳ֵĻ߽ʰ˼ֱǴݣĻɺԵ촽ʵ˭ƺǴû㣡
ǺǣӦòµ˰ɣұˡȻ£Լһ裬˵ҾԾүҪɱˣұԭֻסһô¶ˣɶǵԾүġ
ԭǣô˵үҲͬıˣĻƺʲôһһʶԼƺҪ˰߳жȴҪһŮӣǶᣬ˶ϰɡ
Ļĳ䵽ȵףѾ˳ӣʵΪθղŷǣȴϷң
ΪֻǹӣǸ׿ϴҲɱ¾ղҼҶСǽͣǵӣõвƾһ㣬ͻˡϴֻһ֣ͨŬָֻܻСʹ룬ڤ粻鷳̿ɻɻ
ŷȭߵԾ壬Ҳ壡
ĻҧأѾ񣬺Ȼ磬ͼһأ㻯һݹ⣬֮ߣץ֣òһȭ
ֱ꣬ӽִϣĻ۵໵ĴСҲ˳ֽ˺޶־ĻһŻ档
ʰҲ̲ס͵㻳УӵĿ


2183 뿪ƺ
㸧ں㷢ܶͣӿ磬С㲻Ҫ£ⲻû𣿡ӵ㻳ҡԴߵҪʲô£ⱲӶԭԼģղſ㱻ĥĺ£һʧȥ㡣
ɱ˻ûгء
ۺ̧ͷ˧ӣЩ֮գϵѪĵ˵㿴㣬ÿζΪҶæµûá
СôûõģСǲ֣Ҿǿ㲻ʶңӴСҪڻججء
ȭ֪⻰ǺԼȻʮָˣһо㻳ʮˡȴǱȽǣæС㣬ǿ߰ɣҪȥſڴźţҪȥ
㿴һ۴齱ϵĴѾƻˣﵱߵʱ׿ƻ㲻òȥһˣҲҪķѲʱ䡣ŵСӯӯһգҲǱסĻĲӰʮֻϲԼӽҪ̫ˡ
ʱƺǰҹܿԶʱл⣬භ䵽ţķӣľڣŵԣţһϵĽƶȥͬʱҲóҵ֮ЩƺǳĶǿʵʱ˰ɣǧ򣬿»ɱ֮ͨˣǾͶɡ
ʵҵ֮ŮƺǵĳſڣѾΪսȻŴ󿪣ԾʱĴżĸأϹܼҹȻǿƣȴƺǵļʿô
ȻѾγ˽״̬ˣæܹʵҵûбķӣΪ㣿Ϊ˵þȶĹͣȻˣ˵ûæǾӹΰģĻȨ˺ܶ࣬ΪҲ˲٣ϹܼңѾû˱ǿˡ
㿴һ۳ſڣһǲǵӵڲ󷨣һӵԾͷ϶ǴñȽηӻ֮ڣʤֻȡ㿴óʱԽϵþþͶԼԽ
ڵҪôƿ󷨣ҪôɱһʮȽѾĸ֡°ͣ߶ЩѡԾʮִֻҪұͰ뿪ˣȻٲ֣֯˶ʱǾһұˡ
ڽûãҷسĶ⣡
ⲻɺţҪȥƺǵĳǸɨһ£ϹܼҲеĶߣҲҪȥɨ
ԾˣڷȺȺʱƾϺͷѹƣǵսӸɱˣ棬ԾǵĳЩ˸ˡ
Ծò뿪ſ׷ȥããҹȥˣͻȻϹܼͻȻֱȡһּʿһм򵥵ԾţԾŷأǴʱѾˣϹܼҿ·һ·ۣ뿪ƺǣ
ԾСԻ취ʰ㿴ƺǸƵĳǽ죬ȴ֮ãջҲʮַΪѾ˲١
һ·ӵŸұ˷ֿڰұһ˼Żʳ·ȴǶһλС㣬磬ϹܼҲھͰϻȥұֻһ·
ֻԭȥԨµʮ˴ʱʣ˾ˣϹܼЩƣԭƺǲû˻˽ˣνùݵͼһϾǿߵ̻·Ҫߣм仹Ҫһɭ֣ϹܼҶ֪ɭ֮ж˻š
Ȼһ֮ȻԾһƺǵļҶӴķڿз裬üͷһԾһȷ·ΪȻأҲز˾Żʳ߻ӣֻҪȴұ˺ͰֿôƺǾٴȡˣ
һұһ£ôƺǾ֮ˡ㿴˷֮ҡȵףվԾߣۣϼı׳ģʶԼļı
ôᱻƭأ׿ɱԾˣݺĵǶģƺǵˣ׻ʲôΪʶһֱװûıֱڲŲȡж
ĿͶǰѣȴѾˡ
ҡҸоͷˣҵҵ֮ڲӣֻ¶Ȳ˽ˣһʿֵĴС
Ļû˵ģһ԰οȻ£ϵݣԾδ׷ϡ
ʱƺǵķһȺʿǴʮȾļҶΪԸߣǿľԾͷ϶ˡԾն£ֵ̿ұһˣԾڻָһЩɺţǵӰƺǵĵؽ緶Χӵõô
Ϲܼɫ쳣ѿұûа߻ѡŮȥұҲҪеһΡҵʱԿھŻʳִһʵĻ˭˭˵㲻þŻʳ˸ƫƺǣѹұҲһˣľǱҪȥġ
Ϲܼ㣬㣬СͿ㱣ˣһðЭ㡣γвػλСȥŻʳ
ͷʵܼѲҪЩƴɣ
Ϲܼס࣬鱯ߣѵ֮£ԹмӵõܸоѵʼۣԷʮȾĸ֣ʵ벻ʲôܶɹһ١
ҡͷ̾Ϣ뿪ƺǵһ̾͸ұţѾϵˣôЩ˻л·ֻΪǣԳȴû뵽ԼȻÿ˶ҪٽѵĿ飬ôͶԣһӵж򣬺ο̫أ
ϹܼЩĿ㣬ʱ˿̣ϹܼҸоһˣ⸱ϹͷҪǿö࣬ȻݲȣϹܼʵ㣬ûиоѵľʾ𣿡
ҾʾΣҪƫҲ죡һµԾˣֵܼңƴףֻ·һ
ʲôý飿
ԼҵүڣĶ֡
ϹܼҸź룬ȴǲͬ㣬ҲֵĲϣץһֻɱǸϣʵҲಮ٣ץ˭Ƕ¡
Ͳˣ˼ǷɢߣǵĿ϶㣬Ȼѡץ˭ʣǸԸɱүһԾͰȫ𣿡
ȻһЦɱһ˵׺ԼıԾһ˵Ϲܼ˫۶ʱų⣡Щ¹˵˳ôǱɡʵֻҪסԾǾ㰲ȫˡ׷ǵˣȷλСİȫ
Ϲܼ˷ܵĴ֣ĽķԼĽѵʧˣ֪ĸԤļƻʹԼܹһ٣Ҳдõľ䣬ؼǿˣ
һȴͻȻס˽ŲΪоԼͷҵ֮ϻۣԼһ٣㲻ǿЦɣЩ㵵ĿǰͷÿϹܼҳı
һ仰ѵôܣӮľ棬Ҫң׻ˣϵʣԼ⡣


2184 
ѵ⣬ܴʿɱ¾ҲʿԵΣվ棬ײ֪ұĹܼ˵ʲôұĹܼҿ϶ȻɱԼģ
״ˣϹܼѾ뵽ķӣںľôλС뿪ֻǵİȫԼܷĵܣȻλС㶼ڴˣصұҲץҲ
ϹܼɳһߣȻƽ裬֮޴һͷ߾סŮϹܼҸҷɢߣڲãɭڼϣԼСҪλԼˣ
˻˻˻Ť壬죬ϹܼҲǰͷ·Ծͷ϶˼æأһ£ϹܼһǳԿģӵ˵ҩһ¡
ϹܼұסͰͳͷʵǿһڼҶ࣬ȴĶ֣ɵǰͷɱ˼֮ЩҶˣҪ󰡣׷תˡ
ԶԾԽԽԶǵôһȺô඼ȥǣ㻹ڸʲô֣Ծͷһȴǿηվں棬Ծŭʲô
ЩԥǾҪæȽϺãƫƫϹܼҳּЦеİǲܴƺǵĵ֮߳޶ˣǸҲɱ˵ġ
״ʧɫŭָϹܼҵƥҪڲ壡ϹܼҵĻԾͣ˸˵Ĺ򣺡ôƭأԾүǵұļҶԾүԭǼ£׿졢Ļ˵һ£Ǿװģ㲻ſץһʣ˭ǣ
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ȻǼϣңԾ㲻Ļɣƣȥ׷Ǹʲô㣬ͷ㡣
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ұһʿֳƺţҲʮֶʼɺĽ
׹ֵƴѵ֪ڳֵܵôɱң
׵ĵҲƺǵһڼҶĵ׷Χ£㣬άСߣǵֵסǡ
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ȲѣŶԸףǰʮƽı飬Ĭˣ˵Ļͺһʮþȵһ㡣ľһŤ˳ߵĲƣһǵס㣺Ҫһߣ׶༪٣ԾǸӲˡ
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ƲƲ죬ⶼôѽ۵ļҶɣС㶼ûأ·оԼĶ˶һ㣬ԭԼģȴǳ˵ģò
㣬ļƻ£Сһ仰˶죺㣡
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ĬȻû뵽绹׿вԼ¶ڻԸԼ䵥ΣҲҪΪԼ׸ʮָмһ㣬ʿߣҶϺҲôġٲ߿ɾͶ߲ˡ
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Ц֣ζܴ˽𣿡ɫ𲣬ȵҲ΢΢ʵǲһֱң
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Ȼһصתҹеǹ⻪˸赲Ĳ㷢ԼһСĿռ֮ˣ㰵Ծױ»治Си֮ʩչ쾡£ܻ硣
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ԾȻոΪвûô󣬵Ǹȥȴ쳣Լúȥδӣ


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ԾףܲˣǸұĹܼӵˡƽŶһΪ൱һҪӣ׷Ҳ
Ǻǣ㶼˵ˣΪ൱ѹһһ磬ԣ磡㻹˵ӮԾȴǿˣϢ֮Ծ͸Ӧõľ磬ȴֻʮȾѣȴʮȽѾ
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ȴʱ׳֦֣ôˣΣԴУֺһô˼ƿУƺǣóȱԾɱˡ
Ծֵ˼Ӳɣϣһһ
ϣͬʱʩչʮˣ׷ԾԾǿ£ȴֻڵϸţʱºŴص赲Ծʵʵ˺㡣
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Ҫʱŷ֣ļҶǲҪưģʱĻƺǶƷҶķΣԲҪϸҪˣֻҪֲ󣬼ļҲϾƺǵ
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ĪǵһҰȺ䣿ʿ͵կֻǽ׵ĵطƿļȻһڱ𴦲ڶ֮ڣǼûƺǵģԲĵطЩرģǳҽʦġ
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Ȼڴŵȣû뵽һЩ˾ӪǵһĶֵأȻûұƺǰӴȴԼĵʵۣҸҪЩ̣ͨȡһЩƷνǼз֮
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ʮָЦѾˣһﻹ֪ƺɡ㵹ǲĥߴϻϽȻѯǷ˵Ϣ
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ĻȴľصһӺˣͰͽ˵ңôˣ㡭ô˵ľĶڵأһ˪ı飬ټĳŮɬ
ͷĵˣͲǵСҶˣôѾ˾һˣľ飬а㲻˵˼ŵʵľӣֻǽ׺˵˵ѣ㲻ôӦѲϲˣ˵ǲһ
˭˵ϲˣϲٳľˣһ˼ûУȻϷԼ̫ɶˡľ۵ֱ˪ȷʵޣһ˹Ҫ㡰ƴȭͷһͨҴ
ȻʹľεϻǱظѹԼܸоα䡣
˺һľķſ㣬ʮ־ԼͷŮǲȻԼͷ


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ȥ˲ãЦ磬ȥ˲ãɭֵȦķΧǾˣҲýһԲʿһݵȦΧҪ޳ԸɾҲʡЩطһ̶Ҳ֪ȥˣ˵ǹģǻǿ߰ɡ
ս죡СĸǽжЦԼֵܽս侲ķǶΪ̣ǲðҲǵĻ𣿡
ǺͽսһȻʵʲôᰡǸزʶʲôЦֵ֮ƽɨ˼ۣЦǣȻǰǣֻǱ׺ϼһѡ뵱ֵܣεºܵϼ֮λһ͵͵ɱ˵ȡ˵һΪԡҲˣЩһֱѹǣǸĸ𣿡
԰Ц˵Ķԣ׺Ǽָʲôıǿ߰ɡ
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Ǹô죿Ц磬Ƕġ
Цн֧Լ㣺⻹̫룬һ취ԶԸ׺ס
ĻˣΪûֱӵ˵ܣȻûʲôƻ㷢һĻȴʮָ˵ģ֪˲ô׷ɱԼľˡһ㵣ǣ׺׿϶ˣϾԽ׺Υ׺Ҳɵδûע⡣һֱĴ֮Уֱ˲ðͷ
ĵ̰ȦȦô𣿡ʱȫû˻ͷĴ㣬ʱڽҵ˿϶̫ȥֻᱻ֡ڲ֪ߣԼ࣬ǿ޺еĽȦһǿ޾Ҫ֮֡
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㿴ΧʮˣֻϵΪﵽʮȽѾľʱŽ䱸
ٺ٣Сӿεޡ
㣬ȻǣͲҪˣȦޱ٣ҪӽһȦС
ͷٺټЦҲǣСӣӽɣȱֿۣ֡˱ЩʿòŮһȻʿһĿɫȻǶǱǿ°ģʱˣǿһΪǰ¡
λǰһζҩž֪ǰܷͨУ˵žܻһѪĻͷҡҡͷСӣȥȦлŶǺǣ㲻Ҫ㶯ְɣҲܼȥˣҪְæҪȻھС
㵭һЦƲʧܣΨЭϾ𶯾׺ףʱɾ͸ˣȻҪȦڲУҲҪһˣмλǰӰȫˣ㣬֪ǰγƺ
˵ĴЦϵСӣǰͺˣɡ


2188 岿
㱻Ƹôһ·ˣΪĿ̫󣬺ܿͱЦս˷ˣֻڣѩȻʮȽѾΪǱѰЦžһľĸоȻðͷЦôͻȻô֣ȥ֪ͨ
Ц˹һ󣬷û취Ӵ㣬Ҳ뿪ˡ
ֵܣġţһʿ㣺·ƺĳƺǵʿ
ƺǵļҶǣ
²ãɭĽҵӵܣϵܣҽнɺơʿ˵ļ̳֣һۣҲûƽϣʵ֣ʲô״Сܱҩء
ǣԭʦܻ֡˵״±ץҲΣΪұץһͷˣƺֲҲ֪ҪʲôӰĹλǰĵӣ·ʦл͸һȥڣ̵ô
ɺ˵⻰ʱѹֱ˵ǾǸ˵ŮģȻ椣һЦʲôˣ椣ȻšûһȥڵĴ㣬ѾĴˣԼ˸˾ǱǿץڻҵģľѾôȥˡ
ǰ֪ǰܷ֪ǴеĿģǶԸʲô𣿻ǡ
Ŀģûץްͷ˵ǰһȺЩΪǿ֮ǾɫŮǼʮϲڲеλ˶ϲһͷ檣ٺ٣ܻһЩҵ֮ǴЭͺãĺˣҲģֻĸܣݹѪˣ³֮󣬻һЩôġ
³֮ĺôǲˣҪΪܽ׺׵׷ɱȥҲ޷ֻĿЩʣоĻ˵ͨʵǰץЩ𣿡
ЩãߵǵǾħȺӵĲãʮΣյģȦΣյر־򣬲ΣգΪǿҲܸƺȣƺǲΣաôôϻٲϼ롣
㲻һìܣ˵ΪδֻŮɣĶʱڲãɭǿץأ㰵ġ
һ˲ҲɫʱҲû׺׹͸ӵˣ׺׿϶ᷢԼģϾôһȺ˲εɭߣֲŹ֡Ȼҳ˵˶вв
һĲݵأӪĺۼһʿǲᶺϢģӲˣϾãڶɽǵļ԰ȴͣǰµĺۼƺʺϢҰЪһ󣬵Ȼٳ
ľʶץץ֣߰οٿûµġ
˵ϢҲҸطϥȴϢ˾裬Ѻ˳ȥ𻯳һССĽ͵͵ȥ鿴ҹʱüͷһ壬ķˣſۣ˿ڴϢˣûһоɺƣ߱ѣв֪ʱһ鱦նͻȻĲӣ֮ü
һۣɴ಻˵ҲǴˣЦǺЦϵܣղΪֵ̫ˣǣͲҪôСǷ״һֱƤֲܾõ飬Сһֱڽ䱸Ƿķʲô
ԣҷųȥ޷ˣֶûüҾѾΧˡһǸı
ɺ̿ˮôңҵȥˡ
ɺƲ˵꣬һŮӵЦ¶ʱ˶ˡ㰵⣬ҪȴѾˣǿ϶Ѿ̤ĵˡɺƼæλ׼ս
ͷ˵ûҲæǿǰѾΧˡ
ǣǣЦǸԵͽվһţŻ⣬˶һǰˣͷϵĺ䣬ƨɺëõѩβͣ˵ʱŻȻϵˣԼ˵ǳ֮
ΧĴֹľǿһͷͷѩɫ˳Ӵ󣬾Ȼȵһͷͻ໽УЩʿƺһ͡
һͷϵΪ֮ϸﻬǺǼЦȰǲҪǺΪͣĲಮ٣࣬Ļ͹ԹԵ־ܡ
ɺֵĹУϣ֪йŹ֣û뵽ȻĽϵܣ㿴ûа취ߣɱ¸簡ľûĵһӣʼ磺Լа취Ҳⱻץȥɺһôӿ㡣
ղŷӦ죬ľߣʶһɨָ߿֮н׺׾ͱĿԼأ֪ˣӲӵõߡۣŵĽ׺ףףΪŽˣθڿ
㲢ûеֿһͷóЩץԼ޷Ҫմҵ֮ϾҲҪҵ֮ͻƵģץԼ֮ɱ¾ǱȻģ֮ôԼЩˣǿɾ˵ˣ㲻÷䲻Ҫֳͻ
ʿȻֿǶͽ͵ģֱ嵽˲Σգûһ˸оѵȻЩܽƻʱûɱЩʿĴ㣬Ĺ˽ѵʮͷ޴ĺһӵϣʮȽѾĺϿţһӳȥĶûУ󶼱Ȼ˻ȥľûзֱ࣬ѺŷغĳѨ֮С
еĶûȥˣ𱾾⣬ٴڣ̨֮ϣҲûֵˡĳѨɽˮ㣬Ȼǲһ޴ĶѨһԶ֮䣬ٲϿȣһƬһ֣ػ۵ĵص׶ѨǾӢˮصףм仹Ѻص׵ʱ򣬲ʱῴһЩСܻΣҲرСʮֺĿˡ
ᣬһͷŵܹͷɫ䣬æ뿪ˣаԾϲƾЩʲô鷳ˣԼ˾Ͳô챻ɱˡȻҲ׷ϹܼңϾľŮһٰ
һһֱѺ峲ѨȻʱѺһ֮ڣһܿʿЩץ˻治١֮˶޷ҵ֮Ҳòˣȫǽɺִ˹ϵܣ˵з뿪ʲôӣ㿴Ǿӵ󷨣һһˮǶס
֣ʲôӣҿҲô¡
ɺƹص㣬ֹ֣˵ԭãɭҩĵģô׼ľͽأһһԵļ״ͷǿŲһξ룡ڱ޷ƶ޷ʹҵ֮ȴò
ЦЦǸŲ߶ˣһǶ˵ô
֣һǼ㱻ץҲǵݣǣҡһ־͸оֲѰˡ
ɺˡøҲļ򣺡ļԲȶʱҲ뿪ҿԸ㣬а취ƵЩ󷨡ɺϲ棬ϲа취Ƶ˵󷨣ֵΪʲô뿪أɺһƣ֮ȥֻһߣȴһżӡ
ʱ𶯣ϴһ𵴴
䣡һʯм׷ɣѲ³ս֮ң㰵׺׿峲Ѩһ򾡣Ȼθڴ󰡣Ūô󶯾ʱҲȥаˣߣֻбʤİգҿǸϽȥ
Ͻų𣬶󷨣ǿƻ˾ͺˣ


2189 ˵
ס˵󷨣һİΪγķӡ˻ãǺȴζȥҧ̶̣ʱʧȥã󷨶ʱʧȥãһڱʿһϲɢӣľɺǰҲϻָʺ֮УסһβָСľᣬӡɣѸٱγһªĴֱӲסᣬһֱӴŲƣصԭץǸӪ֮ϣų־͸ܵһӴľӭ洵
߾Ǻɺƹֵ֣ȥˣǺڡ峲ѨڲԶǿߵѹЩ˳µҲҪʶˣԶͿ׺ֳһɽӻͼһͷɫĺ;޴Сɽһ㣬ͽ׺״ݱ׺Ϊ̫ǿ󣬲û㵽峤Ȼѷһ磬ǶԷޣкܶ԰Ǵƽɫ
׺ܷһ׺壬˵
һ֣̱Ц˷ˣЦ̷ɵ಻ԶҲ̺ľߣֻЦΪҪһ磬ҶͨҲ٣ܿ춫ϢٴθӣȦȥһ׷һϣܿܲˣΪЦͽ·ǰͷ
㳰Ū˵ҺȻǰɣҲôƴɡ
Цһͷƶ죬˭ţ
𣿵㲻ģԲԣζ˵ҪԸǽҼ͵ˡ
Цüһ壬Լ˵ܱϤЩڣʱȣЦ㡭ðɣΣΪ㻹ܻ뿪𣿡
ľ˪˵Ͳˣ˵ĻıԸ׺׵¾ͱȻȥҲЩԸ׺ףȻıȡ棬԰ɣˣǵļƻȫȥˡ
գʱŵŷЦʾֵ԰ꡣıý׺ȥ֪ȻǶľĻЦЩɡ
ǺǣȻǽһЩΣڽ׺׶ƭ߳ŭҪץǡЦһЩôԼļƻ˳С֣һҩƿӣһƾεǻޣϢܱһģһҩֻа£Ҳн̬ǴӦ⸽ߣһЩʱ䣬㹻ˡ
ӹҩǵЦЦģһģ졣ϣյϽҼ
Цһ㶣漴Ц졣ϧľѾˣû˻شˡǵҲûأǰʵЦ磬Сӻسŵ𣿡
Цε̾˿ǵļƻй¶ˣ뱻ֻôˣڽ׺׸׺ѷѽ⣬ȥ޹ӱľ˶˵һ㶼ҪҪǽ׺ף
Ѿ˺ĳѨڣ֮ԻΪ֪ԼľӲģһߣЦ˻֯ΧˣٵȵȣΪȫľڳѨ֮⣬ץȥʿǲûԼô˵ӳ
;޴İ׺챩ŭ·һİɫĹⲨֵŽ׺׵ɽͼüëһ׹徹Ȼ˹ѹһ绹ܿסޱǿᣬ˶ǻϾǽղ֮ˡ
һץЩߵʿϾϺ࣬㶨Щ࣬кһΧ£㿴óһŲҷһ֡໡໡Ľһɹҵһʹð׺׺׶ɵ˺Ȭ
׺Ҳ˶ߣȺܾˣҲǶ׷ɱŷǵĳѨԭΪܼٶȻɱǵ죬ȻԼһƿغ峲ѨĿأԼһǺȺСӾͱЩץȥˣȻҲ׶༪٣ǲ㣬Ժ屦زõ֣Լܸİ׺һŭ𣬼һѷɽȻ޵ķ
׺첻ʵİһɽֱӴ׺ֻŤˣܸ׺ǿķӲ׺ɵ࣡
ߣ˶ϣ
Ҫռɱˣʹӵʬϼ̤ȥ׺ǧ׺Ҳ໵ֱУԽ׺׵ķ̫ǿֿҲͽͣ׺ûһֿܵǿ׺ϵİɫҲα׺׵ķɽֻ³ܲס¹
һᣬ׺׳𣬳ȥ׺һôͻȻһͷҧĽܴݣɽͼſɽˮֱӺͺӲϡ
أںɽͼϵһɲۻĵĺˣ͵һѪôܿס˽׺׵ɽͼѾ൱˲ˡľüš˫һ죬ó˱˪Ȩȣʱ䣬ܵĿռ䶼
һ˲ڽ׺ͷᣡ׺һҲľŭ쳣𣺡ӣȻӣЦˣΪǵΪܶ˺𣿡
٣׺ͽһ٣Ӳİһɽˣѳ룬Ȼ£ѹ˲ٲľһ֮ס˶֡Ǻ죬ѾʮĵȽѾ߻޺Ҳȫʩչƾŵֿסɽͼ
ľҿ׺ףƾ˪ȨȲͣɧţ˵ȥһ屻ܣô׺׾ͻӮˣ׺Ҳôģ֪ĺ𲢷ǿǰ򵥡
ʱƣѾֲסˣǺȴѾһɽͼɽɡˮɡɣ׺׵Ҫں֮ϣɽͼظʱȴǳˡ
㹻ǿ໵ĴУ˹ȥⱩǣǿƶʱ˺һɽͼֱӱ˺顣׺ײò峤峤֪Ǵܽ׺׵ѻᣬƴҧסķɽ
ľҲ˪һ˪ڽ׺ᣬȻòȴɧŵʱĺѾȻͽ׺׶ˡɹѾǿ󣬽׺˫Ŀһɣһ֪֮вæߣǻǱҧֱۣͬʱ峤һѪȥ׺һҽУײɽ֮ڣ˲̶ͣߡ
׺˵ͬʱʶ֮Уͷ˵ζΣ
Զݶߵİ׺ף÷ֵƽһСɽŭȵ㣡ҵţһҪ㣬˳𲻱ǾӣҲ뿪ãɽġ
׺һߣҲ𽥼٣峤ܿ췢㣬ƣֱǰȥס㣬Ҳߡڵ˵ǾԴ˵ģҿƴ
峤ֿߡ඼Ǳɽթ㣿
˲ǵѪЦҰǿĿĵģģǵġ
ʲôĿģ峤䱸ʵ
Ҫһ뿪ãɭֵ·ȻˣҪΪԼ壬ɵһĻҲҪҵıꡣ
峤˵࣬ҪĨˣǰ׺жر뿪ãɭ֣ǱղǸ׷ɱǱһЩµĵͼҿṩ㣬֮ߡ
ٴν漣һ峤ϿɣҶͷĵĺ꾫飬ǵľһӡЩ޴ֵȴһ㶼ֲڣˮģźȥҩѡԻѽȻò绨Ӵӵźˬһ¶ѣȻͻ뿪ġ
ľ˵Сɫͷһѵ
ٺ٣ҸоǺ峤ûƭңĺˡֻ벻ľȻԼڴһڵĶ̱֮ߴӵĺͻȻƵһη֮У治ǸЩûӳɹʿ
һŭƭң
һӿЦҲѧģ֮֮ԹԴŰɡ
ٺ٣㣬ƭղȫˣôֲʲôأ
볤УΪ̫߰͡ɣղ͵͵˼ƨأʵڿɶ񡣡
ľһߣ㿴ող˵ţµù˰ɣ
һΣͷСȻֱ˵㿴˿һڵصʿɺҲУ㲻ΪԼʧ𣬷˵ͼ󰡣
ߵɺƸԣƤ׵ӣ֪ûⶾ򡣲ɺƻ¶һЦݣϵܣҲӲ
ǰЩǲ򵥰
Щһ
Ҳ̾ǰԽƯŮԽƭˡɺƺȻĵϵܣղںһ֮ҵһЩ׭ϧҲɶ֪Ƿãҿʮа˾Ŷġ
ӹЩ׭ʱǰһüһǺüˡ


2190 ɱ
ڽɺƸķ׭֮зžǼͺеķ׭õƤȻۣ̻ѪǿʿľѪӷ׭ĵӡϿѪɫɢɫĺâһ۾ϳһžдϲΪ⾲þƿһЩ󷨣ֻҪϣγһѪܳ衣
žùţɺƼ㶯˿죬ʱ֪ǿˣֻ֪ڵһˣ֣ҲҶ˵ʲôĲغãʵϵܣٺٺ١ǲ֪ЩʲôǹѵĺֵϢܸ÷Բԣ
Ҳְˣ⴩ͨ󷨵ĸ߼׭ˣӰɣҾʾһθ㿴ѾԼľһʱγһѪϣľֱӴΡֱӰѽɺƸˣգⲻǱ
ߣ˿߲ء
һ˫˫һ۾Լеľɺƶ˵ѾһŲ˳ȥſЦɺŭֲԣֺͦĶӣֻЦǺӭϵܣȥﰡҰɣ
Ҫȥı⿴Ҳȥ
ɺƼæҡͷЦոյѣҪȥ㶪ɺһŻεⵤҩʱڻޣϢҲı䣬ҪͿˡŲ㡣ңҲһΣͻǷˡ
˵ˣɺµҩҲһͷȥأһΣѪһЩľڽɺ֮󣬼æס㣬ʵ֮һֱͣΪ±˿ضġ
ĴѾߣʶòȥı⡣ľִԼ򣬹еʵô
˵ģֻûòˡĿǰ״ôʱǸϽҵı⣬Ѱ˵ҩɡ
ľҲһŻεһͷë𽥷˱仯ܿıһͷë׵İ׺㿴˿Լ壬Ϊ⣬Լ棬ҲֲԼľټ˰ɣ
˲߹ض漣֮Ӵ֮ĴɼЩСQǿĺ峤ƻ˰ɡҲͨЩԣȴҿڣֻƾ辭鵽Ѱ⣬ϾЩϲѶĵطˣɽȵԶžҲɾˣ֦ҶͣŤ㿴ž;졣
㿴ľܣǱߵĵص׺ӹϣһţͷʮȽѾĺ֡
üͷһ壬صΪҲףܸľһƴˣҪɱǣȻᱻǰġľ᲻֪ѵӰءװ·ȻľͻȻΪ壬ֱֳ˪ȨȣĳЦЦһҪԵУľȴȡ֣һͷĵĺ껹ûع̻ɱ㰵ľֿ׼
ϲľһϲı㣺㣬СÿɰŶë׵ģƤëãҲһ·ƤëѺòáֱӱľסУӿĲֱţŴɽеϢˣľƫƫ˵Ļ
Һľ֪ԼҪʲôģһ·صȥ˺ܿ쵽һص׺幬֮ڣԶѷڶҵ֮кܶҩмһͷʯ޺ͣĿκζھ޺ĴϹźܶഢľʶһɨͷĴ
ľȸʥ鵤ָơ
ı࣬ǺȫˡںֶˣǱԼľƽ˵ﶫҲ̫ˣҲ߰
µҩһƶʱ˴룬ЦľӣûимֵģǻָΪġǶƷǰľ֪㼱ڻظΪҲΪġֻϧ˷кصıûҵǡϾʿ޶ǶôںΨҪѡǵ;ҵ֮Ƚ϶ࡣ
ľܶѹ˺ı⣬鵤ҩ˴Ȼ˼ææ룬ƾǻûģκӣˡ뿪˺ɽȣ˽׺ˣһϽ뿪ãɭ֡
ľ˺峲Ѩ֮εҩָԭģȻٵڴɽ֮бܣķһɼŨ㼱æ˹ȥһֳʪɽ֮ڣƾ農׵ͻ˱󷨣ҲǴ󵨣ڲ»ƽϢߡ
ѹϢĻǵͬһˣײᱻ˲ľΪǽ׺׵ڵĵط
ĬĬĵͷ׺ǻȥҵĵˣɭϣȻǳŽ׺ײѡ뿪ǽ׺׻ˣǱȻһˣôûʹˡһ˵Ľ׺ףԺľܳûɱһ֮
ž׵Ĵ˽׺׵󷨽硣ɽʵʱڿյģľ߽ĵʱȴһ˵ĶԻȴǽ
ڸ󷨣԰ˡ
׺˵ţ°ɡţ𣿡
⣬һȻҪɱ˽׺ףıλãֿ־彭׺ˡ㵱һҧƴˣ׺װԼƵ˾أִ˹ľ˳ܲ
㻯һ˳ȥսӡһף׺һæһԣͷŽǡЦˣǲҪɱھǻᣡ
һ仰ʱ˵ıˣԹˣǿеİˣ׺־ŭָ߳ˣǾȻ˱ң
Ц˼ʮˣΪ޴̰ͼ֣ûʸ˵ˣ͵ڣ˭֪ǲɱ˵һΪ
׺ЦģΪʲôͣȻˣɱ練ƣ׺˵գһӣһѪɫ֣ıɽ˵Ľâ˫һ
׺׿˿ЦŭߵǾûоѵҵ֮ڻΪɱ𣿡ЦȻǸоͷҲ֪ǿԸԼԼ
֪׺׵ķɽ׵˦ȥڽʣµΨһв޵ķɽˣĸĿֻ꣬Ҫȥͬʱ˾ֻɱ˵Ľ׺סȻɱڣȴסˡ


2191 
˫еף׺ȡԼôԼľаæףз׭֮Ȼ֮ףкӦܱܿ׻ֻҪ׺һɱԼôûʲôõĵˡ
׺üͷ֪Լڽˣҵ֮ϻۣԼ˺ֻۣ°һ٣Ȼ޼㣬һеɶģ뵽Լ޶ڽңЦŻȥΪôԼ޶ŮɾҪⶾˡ
ҪҲҪЩ汳ġ׺ԼֵӹЦ˲ɵû˸оЩѾˣ׺֪Լܼ̫ãѾӰ־ˣҪսپ
ϣ׺еѾˣٶȼ죬ܿһѪâĹ켣ȻǳԼûаܽסˣһжҪˣǿ֮ĩĽ׺׼ҪΪԼ飡
ۡһɲǵ˲䣬ЦԴѾˡǰͬʱȴܣɵյЦһΪʱѾ˵˽׺ǰͽֵҲ֪Ѿû·ˡ
˽֮ĬĶһ׻ֵ֮ǼԦɽ˵ʱʱ죬׺һ޿ɱˣ¶ɵ𣺡ұɡüëһԺɿ˼ʲôأ޵ķɽ㼱æͷȻ׺׵ķɽͻȻըѣĶ̽ɴ˹
Ǽǿĳ徢ֱӳ˽ֵܵ壡֮ǰȴײһıǽľӦѸ٣һʵıǽǽ׺׵ĶϽ徢ȻϵȻ֮֮ϣһĹȻ֮ɫĹâɢ
٣һһɫķ׭һ֣ӲĿס˽׺׵ĶϽҲˣײǽ֮ϡ
׺׺û뵽ԼطȻûɱˣұ޵ķˣ׺׵һѪƸӵءȻľ˹˪Ȩֱӵıƽ׺׵࣬ƴƶӣȴӲı㿪ˡ
׺׷𣺡Ҳģǣ
䲻ɽһֻצץƣʱɳʯ׷ɣۣôôù峤ȻܹˣҸպñץ˰Ľ׺ףһצľ㽻˸񣬾ò׷æһݹˡ
峤ЦҲս׺׵ҵ֮ܣûţɵ࣬Ҳܵģ
أһͷͷѩ׵ĺΧ׺ѿƽߣҲЩ£Ҵֱɱ㣬ʡÿƻࡣ
һľеı˪ȨȱǵȻľ쳣Σաղź˽Цҵ֮ҵΪ˺ܶ࣬ٷһ񵤾ܸƽˣҵƴһѣӮҾߡ˵գ㻯һ˰УӺ峲Ѩõ鱦ɽ׽֮£ɲǼûްĽӰ
׺û˿ȣŰеĽӰü˵Ȼõҩǿиľ룬࣬ҩһھ͵ˡ
ٺ٣ˣ㻹ˣ˭˵
˵ţеĽӰȻųĿĽâϢֱʣһ̣ѿɫ׹⣬Ҳ̣׹⽣Ӱ·𻯳꣬׺кȥ
Ե꣬ٺ嶼ܵ˲æܿˡ
úã׺һ̫׶ԸҲҾˣ׺趯ľβͣʹõҲ֪ʲôϾһƬƬɵİɫâӨ͸ۼ׻ӣգۼ㽫嶶סˣܡ
Ӳǣ
Ϸ˴̶𻨣ȴʼմ͸ɫۼסĿΧĺ֮ϣأȻǸ׺Լһ֪Լս
㣬һҪӮľҧ촽ţʱľΪѾѰʲôæˣֻܽĿš
࣬óȫʵɣӮҵģȫ˵İҪԳһˡ׺ͣ
쳹գĶУ㲻ˬȴŭ侲֪ɿǰ׺ļԼ͸ԼôԼûʤˣջһȭŨʱ۶ڿγһֻСľ޴ɫţӨ͸ʵʣ׺ȥ
򷨽ƣ׺ޱ飬ɲ֮磬˫צƺ͸գֱֱذǸȭӰ֮ϣ˺ѡͬʱβʹŻ㡣
䣡ȭӰֵȭӰȻɢ˻ΣһѪ
׺Ҳòȥ͹׵ͽƿƵˣһ˫צȴǱú̿ң
ڰ׺ϣǺָܿ
ȻЩŵԶɽȣϹܼüͷͰ׺භʱͷ͡ԱĶӰǲȥ𣿡
ϹܼҵʲôȿӮǺӮ
ôµóֻа˵ȾΪѾʮĵȽѾֱǱ̬һĶʼɡϹܼҲǳ񵤡ҿأӮҺ¡
Ҫأ
Ϲܼճź룬Ц˲ôȥ˴Сߡ
Ȼ򵥰
΢΢Ϣҵ֮Ӱٴλһݹ⣬еĳٵزţ죬󻯳ĽӰ׺ͷ
˿ȫͶ룬۾ĮزӦУ߶ﵽ˺һҾ磬սߵΪӰ죬ӶȫȫͶ뵽սУٷְٵطӳʵ
״̬֮󣬶ĸ֪ҲޱȣһͷСëƶܸ֪һڵ;ʿ֮Уһ㣬ﵽʩչȷʵռơ

׺ָһ֮ɵĵĽм֮ϣ籡ǱһΣ̶ΪӳֵҲû˶۶ϡ
Ȼһͣһȣһ֮𵴣׺Ҳǻ֪ʩչ̤ͬ棬֮˻ȥ׺ΧԲʮڶ֮£ĸ㣬Ѿ޷ܿ׺ѹȡ
׺ſѪڣһѪɫۣ㣬˾Ϊȴǿһ˿⣡˳ȥѪɫײһ𡣰׺ŭС࣡
˸ͻȻ֮䣬׺ϵһɫʧˣ㾪ϲһƣȴľڶԸȽСĺ壬峤ϲòֶԸľȴ֮յıܿеĹ
֪ľ֧Ų˶ãʱ׺ʧĴûᣡ
׽ף׺֪׵ʶҪܣܱܿû˰ɫҹûŽװڰ׺ԥʱѾ


2192 
Ϊ㲻˵ĹϵұΨĴѲ飬һ·ѵʱ֣ľԡĴľͰż϶Ǳ۾ˮࡰҸˣϵⶼĿ˼ٴεľûһõˡ
緢һߴߴӲǴĵ磬ΪſľͰԵʶľҲɳڵסߣһֱĵ硣֪˲뿪
ľˮæѣðԴ˪ȨȾ͵ԴľһԲһֹӣʵڲ֪˵Щʲôû취ֻʵľȻˣҩû˵ֻ˵˵˵һҹ
ľ֮漣ԭ㣬һұйƵ飬ľûɫ˵ξԭ㣬Ҳǲ֪飬ΪԼͰ㶪ҡ߰ɣ绹ء
̽ԵʵľӣĲ
ľһۣǲǾܰռұ˵ļһɱˣ
ǣ㣬㲻𣿡
ľһ죬æתȥ㿴Լӣ
ҾͰˡֵ˵˵ҪҸʲôġ
дռ˱˾ȻһĶûУľֻĪǸղԼ˵ģľζӳ£ܸ㲻Լ㺡žżĳ񣺡ǲϲˣ
ˣֻҪھܽżΪʧһϡǴ־ķ粻ˣΪʧٲͬķһֽãɭֽ֡ϿȻǱ˰ˡ
Ϲܼʮֲʹ죬ôεĳ¶ôأȥŻʳʱԽԽˣٵȥɾͲˡ
Ϲܼҵ㣬ӪȶСͽˣǱλСȥŻʳѡŮȥˣұҪܶѡҲ֪Żʳʵ൱ӵȨұǾŻʳڶСһ
ܼģҵ˶С̸
Ϲܼĵͷһҵ֮úãСҲܳСҪи̣ǱҲýСǱ谮Ů˵ĸϵ⣬뱣֤𡣡
ۣһʮĵȽѾǿߵһΪһһĸоѵǰ׺峤ģۣпܣǰձԼ˵İ׺ǱϹܼҸ˳ֻɱģô˵ϹܼһֱԼͰ׺ɱû֣
Щɣħһﷴ
ʧٵģʵصԼķʱһ֮ͣƺǵסмҲܹ飡ԾҲ֮ʵǿ˺ܶ࣬ǲ˭ܶʲôϾСطҲԳưˡ
ȺկҲһʱˣȻǷұһˣЩˣΨһȤľ㣬ɾףҲʧȥһСڷұһ֮󣬾һᱨˡ
ɽһ㡰ʧ١׾һȽϺãѡ磬Ϊһ絽㣬˵ĸоǸĹϵʮֲһ㡣Ӧ൱ߵʼֵ
ײؽķ䣬ʱ˵֪䡣Ҳǻɣɣ˵Լż㣬˫սһԼƾѹԵʵȡʤƵϣǰһ硣״󷢴ȱʹӦˡ
Щãңһ϶㣬Ϊ棬͸׽ãɭȥˡ¿ȫȦ֮ڡǵԼмϵʱѾˣֱӱװ
Ȼ֪ȥ֪Ȼû£ʶһֽڲãɭֵȣ
˳ָֽʾһ·һӱϵԲʯϿϥףбϵ硣㵭һЦֵ֣òαΪҼС㣬ס졣
׻ۣ֣ղΪСԭʵŵȣҪܡΨзסʧȥܵҪӣΨаסֽˡʼңΨס졣Ϊˣ˫ʯӴҾޣΨаˡûһѾܸˡ
ٺһЦͻȻˣ̧һһסҲǳصģɳһɫģһͰĽˡЦ㼱ʲôҪӮңȻܾߣҪǴӮңͻһֱš
ôΪҶô۰װ׵ĿԼС㱻˵޶أҪսҲõҰҼҶС˵
׿ЦǺãŲȲҲΪҵĶ֡
һУ׽֣âҵ˸ţṩǿ֧һױ򣬲ʶĵ֪ҪԵʲôһɫģӦһ鱦Ϊ߼ķ
صҡԴƺڽϽ뿪ƺǣΪԼıץܾĥˣĶˡÿζΪԼͻֵָ鷳֮С
㴫ܣοС㣬ԵƬ̣Һܿȴ룬£ģʮȽѾ״ô죿ż۰װ׵ĿΪԼ
ֻȰĻȴ޷˵ڣһ鲼ֻܷ
ٴͷųн⣬硣
һԣȴӵк״һһźĻɢĽ£
ݣһ˪ڼţ˲Ӻ֮
٣
ٶȼ죬Ҳ㾫вٿصһű˪֮ըѿֳסֻҪУжˡ
ȻǿͽȻһŤγһʹա׵С˭ˣúöԸҵĺɣãҸոյõķ
ҲԼٶȾ㣬㻹ûüӦͱʵʵ
ݣ
һ⣬Ʊ£ͻ˺˳ȥ
ôܣ
һ̣סˣ̲סվһǱȥƺΪԼʲôþнİôܴ򴩺أʵˣըɢϽϵϵľѨλڴϽĳ׺ݵı飬ȴֵĵĿ㡣
վʵģǰʵʵ
ҪֻԪ֮䣬ȴûвԼնĺסˣǲʩչѾˣɾ֮ˡƵ˵бҪǧ׷ɱ𣿡
׳˵ȻУ㣬ھͲΪɥ֮ȮҵҲᵽͨңһжǰ͡Ҽˣ㣬϶㱨ġ񵤰ɣȽϹƽһһϵ
һѣһŷõҩ㲢ЦЦ̷񵤣ôҲúܿģ֪൱򵥣ƾķ͸оʮֶּ֣ΣǾ͸鷳ˣʶ㲢ƴȫ


2193 
׵־֮ԽԽǿдݹȣǲֹǶ޷ſ죬һһεĹ۵˫ּæһģݱܿ׸һĶϤĶ򣬰֮Լ͵
䣡ضȥײеĵطڡ־˵˵ʵӦöл㣬ҺԾ׷ɱʱҪ֣ҿѾˡ
һУصУҲò״ðͷ¿еһԲú춫ԼλãʵӦ׶һƣõҩΪһ㻹ӮˣҿɲΪǲ㱨ģҪ֤ұǿ󣡡
˵仰ʱ򣬲ҹ׷ˣԼѵҵ֣֮һߣΪһ仰һ仰Լ˱֮СżƺǵĺͲģԼʧܸգĻɽҲȻǽԼһѡ
ָţΪżȻõ࣬˺죬һƷ鱦ǷܹأӼʱڵĺħǣһͷħһƻǣҲǼǿ
ڵϣ֪ҪʲôҲ֪һ׵õҪĳɾͣǾԼˡһŵҩȴ񵤣ʥ鵤ָơ׼״ȻŭҸ㴭ϢʱɲЩҩģ
Ӱӣһη˹ͬǼٶȣǺͻȻס㣬廯һ̲࣡ȻһıͻȻӵλþ׵ĺ󱳣ֺʮӡ׺Ȼ£ž
׼æемܣ׾ͺһ࣬ҪپͶ٣һȱܿһٻغ졣״üͷ׾Ȼӵܵż׵ķ
ͬĻףûʲôôΨһ;ǼӲ׸ķ׾Ͼ޷飬ȥһȣʵʾݴһʯֻҪѣлָ
Դӵõ֮ûмѵļ󣬵ǸղӲߵףȾȻѵļˣѾйѵӡŵ׼æжҲϾǸջõķǸղӲ׶ûлٻϼҲ̫
վΣҲʩչײף˻жԶԷЩ˼ɣðʧһץǾǶ¡ܵ˵ʮֱΪԼѾǿܶˣõһ·㻹ܸԼƽɫѹԼƵԼóˡ
ǴײѾˣѾȫûиղʢ˵̬ΪղӲ׵ڻڲ
һԿŵļ٣Ҳ֪ߵ֮䣬һæС㣬뿪ǣ
Ҳۣٲɱ㡣
ȭͷԹӣΪ㶼ʮˣڵľѾˣΪʲôܷ³ޣԺأӢϧִҪ㣬Ҳ֤ԼѹһͷûʮȽѾǵľϾﲻ˵Ǽײʿѣ
Щּ˵ѵûݺһ磬޵ֵʱͬҲߵ߶ȣǸʱǸּįôںսŻ㺨սˬ죬Ӯоһֳɾ͡
ڶʺεûõģǰ°޵֣С˰㣬˹أù
죡ĳı飬ֻ˵ԹӣƲ޶ĳޣȻôƽҪأӾ֪伫ˡޣǣҵ˼ôҪɱǧַαԼ֮أԹӣұȻƽʱƺûʲôҺǰҲϣһӣľˣմǶߵһߵ۷壬һۣΣ
еĺ죬ЦЦã˵úáҶȷûĳޣϽѣҽľȻƲһִٳɡˣֻҿˬˣҪ¡ȻұĶСô˵ҾҷЩ£ٸָߵ͡
µôһԭûУ˵Ҫ㣬˵Ҳ㣬ҿɲˣٴٻغҲ¡һߣΪҾƿȨˣ
֮Խ̨׵ΪЩס㻹ûʳ񵤾ܸԼƽɫˣʳأǸǿ֪㻹һͷӰĽɫ㻹ûóء
׵ԼԼȱ״óѺ֮Щˡһ侲ڵ㲢Լ٣ǿż͹㣡ͬʱҲܲΪл㶨Ȼܻøա
׾ٱԣЩͻأΪʲôУɵԶظЩĿ磺Ȼ˵ˡ
ȡʤķˣ˵ףǵȻˣҿһ׼״һͨˣҲ˺ܶࡣ˵׻
ڨЦô֪Լʹʮ־޴أΪѵԴԲͣɱ¾ʶԴԴϣû֪Ѿ˺ܶأò˵ȡһɡ
ɹһ٣С㣡ʵʼȥˣ
صС㣬ʵСͷ׵٣׷һأ̫ƻˣʱңù
ߺߺߣ࣬࣡˫ֱأһıƽ㣬ȻĻһ㶼ţ֪֪Һܵģ֪֪ҸղңϽߵģ֪֪ҶֿΪҶ۸֪֪ҡ
㾲Ŀ磬ůģİĵطԼصʱ򣬻ôԼԼ˵ˡ类Ŀ⿴ЩȻˣɬĵͷ㿴ʲôҵĻ
Һడ
͵͵һۣȻһʱ쵽ϣģôˣôž͸оúܿأҾ͸оܺ졣
ܻ˵ʲôϿˣϹܼǵȼ˰ɣҡҡͷѾ·ˣٸϰɣǻ¼Ǻŵģβô鷳
ϢǵûЩСˣԼǿԺһܳһʱҲû룬ֻžҵϹܼҵˣϾľϻµӡǣҪȻľʱҲ
ǵٴ̵ʱȴһ·˳磬Ҳûκ鷳ˣ붼֣Ҳû׷ϹܼҵˣȻҲȫٸ·Ϊ;Ǻţһ·١
ֱһ֮ԽһͽȻоһĿռһؼΣǸоԺΪ磬ӶһĿռ䣬ϾʿĶͬҲûŪô¾ͼǰС
˷糾ԽӽŻʳʱ㷢ʿԽ඼ʮȽѾϵģұǱߵطʮټġƿɴñŻʳΰĳǽʿҲ١
㣡
ǰͷ纰ԼæʵôˣС㣿
㲻𣿺ܶ˶ʶѽָܵ˵СʱҲʶʱôأϾ֮佨˳ޣױץŪŤһţݵľ档
ҡҡͷбĶɡС㣬ǽȥɣ


2194 ӵ
ŻʳĻʶţӽ˲ŷﲢκ˶ܽģΪҪʮȽѾͨУûһΪǾҪһǮƣҲǵŷ־Żʳͨҡ
ʮĵȽѾΪҲָʮĵȽѾ۷ѣʶϽʸ񡣵綼ԱȽƫԶұƽʱҲûʲôǮơ
سſڵûǮûǮհ䣬վﰭ¡
һóһ񵤣ݹȥֵܣôżⲻǵһν˵лհ䣬ֻǲ֪ǸʲôǸʵΪҲߣֻһѣ־ɱ鵤Ǻܹģѹ˺ı⣬ȴӵв٣Ҳû¡
񵤣ЦǺǵ㣬ɵƣ񵤿ɱȽǵǮмֵˣǿԽȥˡǸ䣬˵ǽȥ֮ͻ֪ģкôû߰ɡ
ﶼϴһʺţȻܽȥǾȥҲʶ֮ȻַǷˮͨƽˣЩƺø⣬Ӱݡѵʳɷƽ¶֣һץţǷȥһҵ֪֮СʱųΪһھŻʳͨˣԶѵͲõĸɱˡ
ЦЦأı𣿡
ƤСࣺǰ뷨̫ˣȻ˵ʳɷǱһˣǺܶҲ޹ı꼰߱裬ûʲôƽԣ粻ʺߣ̫ɱˡ
㰵ͷҿ綮ô룬Ҳǿ˼һЩӸоûʱͻ¾ˡط⣬ΪҪŬ
㣬зֽȥ𣿡
ŮӦûᱻŽɡüͷѾͣĸ·ˣɻһڽ˾Żʳȴǲ֪ˡżżֻİĵطɲ̫ҡҩȡһЩǮƣʱ簲ڷջһȥѰϹܼҵˡ
ʾ飬ԼΪʵڰ㣬ɫΪҪĻѣҲֻܹԹԵڿջˡʵԻʶһֱиɻΪһֵĸоԴӹ˺֮͸оһرĸоڣѵƿأǱ˿ơ
ָоԵĻ֮еǱĺʹ磬ҲôãôƶΪʶˡŻʳǿֻӵбȶǿֶΣ磬ֱӰԷҵ֮Ϊá
Ϊҵ֮Ļȡʵʵȫͬģһɳһǿɱ¾ȡɱ¾򣬶ɱ¾ɳĹǰȹʿľģݶȡǼױҡ
һͷǾڵĸֻһ֮䣬ڵʿҵ֮Ҫˡһ뵽ֿͻڣ磬ȨϣΪδزܰһӣȴǱǿһͨߣʵЩ˿־塣
ʱ֣ϸ߿գ㿴ܶ𽥵һȥʮֺ棬ѲôȥĵطհĵطҲȺʶġ
ԼĪʱ·㿴һΰߴʯ˵ڴ֮ϣʯϿšӵĸ֡ĥӵ˭ôͣĴ𣿵𣿡
߽һЩ˽֮䣬ϣܴǵĶԻ֮һЩõϢ֪̽ʯѾã˵ǾŻʳĻʵ۳Żʯʯÿһͻһζ䣬ʳڵ˻ʯϻΪֱһ硣
ڵͽʿ˵Сڸ߾ʿ˵ջ֪ͬʿټδɱɱһûãҪϳɰǧһ硣ԶԶԽɱÿ죬ķո
ͲͬˣʿҪеκηվһ硣
㻷ܣĵȻֶ䣬ֻеͽʿŻ֡ǿ߸ҿ
ŻʳǿľǻʵˣʵۻһԼһ𣿵ȻŵΪҪײҪʶЩʿΪ˱ΪȻͲҪˡոͻܱȵϻʵ۽أ
һЩʵǿҲ˼ɣЩϲģҲͬԼΪ˵ĵʯЩʮֵ͵ģƾһˡ±ϳ߾ʿע⡣
ÿ˶ӵһͨᣬһΪܶʱ͵ӵɽãһǿôٶĽɽҲûð
俪ʼ֮ǰҪݣɲݣԼأǰͣļʼ壬żϵأ㿴Űݷڴϵ񣬸ߺ·ŵĽͽݵվĵطûУֱӱ˳ȥ
ʶڵĳʱһʦʦΪߣ㿴ϵݣѩ׵ĺӣŭ̬֪ǸʦҲӵʯʵѾʧٺܾˣû֪ȥ
ΪѷʵһʿԽԽˣֻҪһʯܵõĶͣʵһǿΪʵ۲ڣõĻᡣ
ֻͬ˴ֻǻʵ۵һ̽Щͼ˽̱ʵʰ˵ѾھŻʳ˺ܾˡʦԴûȤֻѭһƬΰ󣬸лĸȻһڳŶӵʯΪ
ԶԶĿţȴֲȥһԣҪǽѵԼ϶ǺɾҪˡ֣ʶһɨĿÿһŶӵȴˣľûз֣ȴ˰
ʮָˣְܷǾҵľˣľڿҲҪԼ
㼱ææȥҰʱİΪѾ൱ˣʮȽѾһеջ˵ǳ󣬵ұ֪Լ޷Ϊģֻܱǿ
Ȼ⻹൱һֹϵΪϹܼԭҪȻûôᡣϰʱİָţҲ̹Ȼԣ㰡Ҳϵ˰ôȥĶأ
ν˵̫࣬Ŷӡ
ǺһЦῪЦĸƽһ簡ˣô׵ģ˵Ųʶһ⣬һģƽ£Ǿ֪Ӯˡ
ν˵˵Ӯˡ
ĵɵϴڲãɭԼʧܣһаԼòײȴЩ㣬Щĸо˶ƴƴҪշѹһУƾʲôҪɵģ̬ý𡣡һԲʮִһĳ嶯һλԼӡ̫ˣ֪ǲģҪеܴͨ㡣
Ҳ˵ƣô˵䰢ͺأԼ𣿲Ҳû̫⣬ŰȥǾܼľˡ


2195 Σ
ƾΪôϹܼȻҲʧûзϹܼҵӰɵʵϹܼأû𣿡
ʮֲͷĻصʲôϵ𣿷ϻ࣬㲻ȥĶǾ͸ϽȥϰɣЩǻҪȥԨءǱʱòˣԼʲôʱﰢˣһԼ̬ôԽԽˣͱǿקʶ֮ڣҲ㶯
ӵҪкܾãõ͵֮ǻףȻûǸˣΪҪľߣҲԸĻȻҲߡ
ŰվǻʶרŽӴھŻʳˣվܴкܶ෿ᣬ֪ϹܼΪûǮԲͣĸ·ҩȡƽʱĶ
ϹܼҼ£ҲȲҪȥμ䣬ܺ棬ϹܼΪˣο
Σ㻹ȥľվŮѾаˣȴлҲСʮƣЩΪ㲻Ӳľ֪ԼѾˣӲѰˣȵҪͽʹ֮ڣһжˡ
㲻֪ôʱ㷢һҽ˻ҽݣ˵Ůסĵطжҽվڹ˶֪ӦȷŮͬʱҲĵطżҲһЩҩ
һƣڵĿľľ֪ԼѾˣһɾа취ˣִ󲻾ͺˣȻҪܵͷ߱˴ñأǾмһЩͷ˾ûܵͷϾ컹ǳӵӣ󲿷˳ϲõС
˰ʱұļӵܺȾء˼׷׽£֣Է
֣ǻΪȥǸأ
ȷ
ȫ˶ƣϾ˰ǿµģ㲻õô㲻ƣѵǿˣΪԼ޵Ҫиˡ
Ͳˬ㣬һ㣬Ҷƽƣʱ³ɺһӿͷžһƷӣŭĲͷ𣿡
ҲʾĿľð֣ƾɱңǲǣ콨ĺ»ָܵصսһֱвھǳĺʱˣ
жֵ˼ϲ֪յͨ࣬ʶҲûƴȫֻҪסɡһһѷƵУһҵķƵܲɱ㣡
һֱӰȻ֮׸ڣҲ¹ıжǿˡ
㱻ԼˣıЦȤһΪһӲأѾȣҪҾͳȫɡƵһɨһ̶㿴ѪɫѪгԼɨ˹㲻㲻žѪ֮ǰһ㶣ȻǲӰ漴ǾȺͲ˼һ˲䣬ˣ
˲䱳аֱնͻȻ˦һȫ˰֮⣬˵ȫ˱ۣһֱ۱״ˣ
Һ֮ʱΧսΪ֮ݣʱĹӿֲһŶԡ
ɹŭ˰˷蹷ģʽϵ׷㿳ʱһð֮յѪɫѪдСپؿѪӿʮֵܣֻǲʵʵĴУԼСʮȽѾİǲСӣ
ţװƺʶʼˣ㾫տĶͲȷѴС˵սҲվˣʱֻڻ԰յսʱŪûƻ𴦵ط
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һĶãһ߶ܰĽһʶɨԣֻҪľ㹻ˡԽԽ˳쳣˷ܣþûôˣԼܴ㵽ܣʮӶʮ
ŭĺߵ㡭һúĥġ㾹һֻ֡һķƵ֮ϣʱ䷭ƵǣΪУնƱŷ
֪ԼӲűǰֻ㣬ĿľҪٷְٴ㣡ߵĻᡣ׷ôãҲ֪Լķϣֻǽһ߻ᣡ
ǰҲˣһУƭλޱȣƽʱֱֻսİھȻЩСˡ
䣡֮صʯ˲ѿ˵ٶȿͬʿܷӦļޣգۼǰ
ղЩķȴǲõģֻнķڱƽôҪڰƽ֮ǰԸ
ٿһ˿ʮȽ̺˲ӿ뷭ƵڣзƵЯͬɽصĵѹݺȥǰһȻ󷴻ԲֳԿ£Ҫģ
ƵȻһֲֿٶȾ𵴣˲ҷֵƵʣֵݶʱΪ֮һͣȫʩΪҪһѩǰܡͻȻ˫һ٣һˣ˷ӿ֮£ð΢һ͡
һ͵˲䣬Ƶ̺񽫷ɢƲĺ֮ϡҲǼʱͷų׭֮
䣡
Ƶ͵׭֮ıըһ졣
Ҳ˳ȥǸȴղž϶ĵطľڵĸ¥һֱһĶãڸղžͷľˡ֪ľľҲ㣬ôͲ˷ʱˡ˰һƾ׭֮жȻŰĳ徢ľǱߡ
˿ȴǰʩչ޿ƥеһˣײɵĹ켣һѿڶôǰһˣԼڽűߵʱľˣʶļ˪ȨȣƱҪΪ㱨𣡵Ȼ˸
ľһ㶣һϲһţֹˣࡣܼ̫ˡ㴫һЩˣӡֻҪһЩˡ
ͺã㶪Ҹȥ˼ء
һ䣬վҲϵˣװ㣬ЦȻſˣ߻Լķ䡣ľǹҵĺ㡣ұͬļʿǸмȹǣ̧ҽݾΡ
Щľں峲ѨõĵҩʯΪƻվĲЩõ˺ôûԸٹˡ


2196 õķɿ
ʵûʲôˣվҽϢҲֻװװӣммȹǵұӵһֱǹһˣҽݵҲֻǼ򵥵ĸ㿪һЩҩӣҩ£ͲָǻȥˣϾվǸŻʳµģ˵ûô
ҿֻǼװˣˣֻҪЩ˸ˡҹ߹ҵʱŷ´۵ؿڣûʲôˣС˻еģóһʥ鵤£һ죬ƽá
͵͵վڵҽһȦԼڵСԺӶûʲôˣֻԼһͦʡ¡Ϊʲôľûأ֪Сûеȼأⲽ˺һûеȵľ಻סˣȻȥһˣѾ֪ľסһˡҶΪԼ²˴ҲǺܺõαװ
ҽû̫ҹʿѲߣϾʱкܶԾŻʳŮ߻δӡо̫ɭˣֻô͵͵Ҳᱻ֣ϾʵޣӦ˿ĶӵǴȻܹһˣ㼱æҽڡ
ûһǸ˽ͽ£ұиŮжˣȥô¡һұľɣôжأ϶йŹ֣е˰ӡղűȥӻˣϸӣûб䣬ȥӣȴǱģ
Ȼ㰵͵Цľ뵽ӰǸӵΪߣױľơϼҲû뵽һŮô󵨰ɡ
صԼķ䣬ľĵȻ˶ãžͱˣ㼱æŰľ˽ľһͼææʵ𣿺ﻹЩҩ
ҡҡͷģû£ղŻôȥأ취ˡľ˵û£ŷָֻһı䣬Ҳ̫ðˣ£ǿô죿
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ͷһƣȻĻɱ壬ŽɫϢҧһźɫӣͻȻľԴ̨ľͫһ̸оԼڵӡǺͺγһֶţһֵĶԼڳ룬һֳķУʹľоʮ
ͬΪһҲܣΪһеһӡǽסҲҿڵΪ֮ƺܶ࣬Եֿӡǵôˡ
ʱƣӡһ㱻ʴձ˳ľʹһˤڵءҲ۵ô˴ֻĶ󣬶ľΪǿгӡǶɵѣ״ǲõҩָġ
ֻ洫һȺͳӣƺҪѲ飬㾲ϸʱüͷĵˣﱩ¶ˣǸɵѾͷվ㡣ľüʲôɵ鶼ˡȴǰοҵĴЪţסͷ˿ӦǣЩΪʮȽѾһҵ֮ἸУЩ˶ס
ľĬĬͷʱҲֻܼˣӡʧľԺҲıٵˣЩˡ
ȻӱߺȲ裬ʱžͱֱĿһ˽ʱһһ첻ǲű˴ðôûһأָҲ̫˰ɣͰսǻڿʱǿһģ㱻ýʣ°ѡ
Ϊ׵ʵ㣬зߵŮұģ
ҡҡͷûλүȥѰɡպþ豭һԵһ豭ˮû´ұ˰ɣǸߵŮҲұˣ˵ıء
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ʲôЩȻһСҶȻҽԼǸƺⱲЦЦ
º͵ظһ飺ǸȻ뿪ϢҾͷŹǡ
ϴһ϶ǽ챻˴ɵˡԼʲôʵʲôݣȻҸϴа壿һԵСܷ׷׳ԳҲǺˣµԣҾͲǸأҺΣӺôʮȽѾȻûǻʳԵ޴ɽӿɱȻнĹʵһȭܴһСɽ𻯳ɷ飡
㵭һЦֵϵڶ裬ֻбɱɴûб۸ģҵ̬ȡ㵹Ǳˮֱˣǲɵˣôţ
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㿴ץƺһһѹ㣬ŲæƷ֣֮ĽǶȱܿ˵ֱ֣˵ϡžžĶ⣬ֿɲᣬֱ˵һ߶ȥˡ
ƴ˷ֲŶϱ־൱ֻ˴ˣס̵գֵĿ㣬ǲУҲɵı˶ɣһԵԸһʰˡ
̧֣ʾ˲Ҫ嶯λȰǻǲҪĥˣŭǼ̫飬㹻ĺôǺǵҿɲΪǱʲôɽ
⻰˵ã˶Щ£ķһȦµĴ齣ָǱʵ˵ûˣ
˵ûоûУʲôݣҵĻ
ݣʲôݣһСطļҶ仰סңŭˣһţԼĽǹǹֱԴҲŲƨɣԾڵϣǹʱһץסȻһѹǹͱѹϻ˹ȥҲ˳ŹԣǰЩֺȻһƻ
žһֱӱķɣȻǱϾǹҵˣҲģǸһѵɣΪֻʮĵȽѾΪҲɱǡ
һ˳ֱ˵ԺЧҪľѾóղԼһҲֻǰ˶ѣûʲôҲΪ鲻ԼḻôУҪҪǻҪһʱ䣬ҪǸʱǵİ־ˣǸʱ˶ˡ
ӳЩŵԼţͿΪʲôԼᰤһأҸղܿԼǹǶôôţС˼½Ƕûһ¾ͱƣɼ
СΪͣӺ£ϴҿ˰ɣһǸͷǷðΣոԡ绹˺ۣھǼ֮ˡӳСܶ⣬Ҳ˵ʲôˣߵߣȴķѡ
ߺ̻ͷһľ΢΢һЦʵû뵽㵹ͦợˡ
Сһ׮һڲ裬ϢһᣬЩлȥſԱߵǼҿջ磬ȥȻһһЩ鷳ӷ뿪ľмĵͷҪСģǧ¡
Ȼˡת뿪ȴǸԼŮˣȻĲϲϾһҹްҹԸԼҪһʣΣգҲȥ


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ҽʱһƺЩԸΪŮŮӿʼˣϾϢ·˶֪߻ʲôˣѡ֮ǰӶѾˣôûֻ֪֪ѡеŮҲûһġ
˴߻ӵĹȫŮ˵ʬǣһжΪһħŻʩ֮𣡻ˣҲܷɢһЩעϾǼҪŮҪѰߵŮѲߣҪ˻ֲࡣ
ȻڵСͥԺΪʹľߵ鱩¶ˣҲ˿ʮȽѾʿأ㵹ǲ׽ȥǿûõģһкһ
Ȼһһܹһߴ󺰣ŻŻȻ𡣡ܵͬʱʱӴ֮жһЩͨҩЩںı֮ѹεģ˵Ҫж٣صʿһܼ꣬Ұҩ˶һֱһ￴ţҹȥ񣬴һЩ
ƾʲôΪʲôţҹȥ񣬵ҲһЩ
˲ˬۣȻ̸£ҲǴʱߵʿǶǽˣһȥ
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οһЦҲסԼϲʱ򣬻Ǹһ˿οĺáﱧһᣬɬͿ㣬Ҳ֪ûԼܵõӵˡ
˫Ứ㣬뿪ҲΪ׸һԼ棬¹ţҲԼѡ·ҵѾ˱ˣҲίˡصһͷ㣬һ뿪ġ
Ҫߵ֣ͻȻһУͷʨͷһҺڿзɱͬʱһ˸ͻȻ׷ɶ£˲Χסվķᣬֻһ߻ӵ˶߶Υ߸ɱۡнѡŮ߳
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üͷšһӴѹѾˣ߻ôͻȻˣѲ˺ＱԼһСҶŮϢСͥԺĻ˵ģҲҳȥǹѹͬվҪǿܶ࣬˿ֲѹҪҲʱʶѡ
СͥԺڵ﷿֮ھĵţľܿѾ뿪վˣǲҪģ㵣ĵֻѡʲôҲʶ̽һҲûҹԼʱŷԼĵѾˣ
ȴԭ߻ҹһȵŮˣмߵ߻Ҳûᣡ߻ӵĿʲôԶûѡӵ˼ǰλװװӣһȴǰ°빬ڡ
㿴ſյվ󲿣Ҳ˺ܶ࣬ЩصļҶǿʼ׼ˣһԲڵ·ϣȴӭɻ۹⣬һ컹˺ۣôͰȻˣ
ȴû˼ȥǣ˺õĴԺܿ촫Ǹȣֱ޷ţææܳԼдϣôûأ㣡ʲôã
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ʱˬˣΪӮ㣬ηԼղŻҪҪȥĲװһװˡû뵽һ¶ûС
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㽥ԶøϻֵʸûУϾʵ̫£㾭˷ḻŹأûжֵļֵŻһ㹻ˡ
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㵽һ˵ƲƲ죺ȥļ¥ˣж±СԼȥֵļҶ
ЦãС㣬ҿȥ£ȥˣ֪СѾʳ֮ˡŶһȻϲ绹ΪԼͬĸĽøеϣҸɡ
ֵСҾߡ
ʲôУӷԣʲôΪȥ˻򲻿ɣҿɲ뿴ȥ㣬ҵļҶҲô㲻ԣҪεҡҡͷԶ˵ˣ˵һֱԼԼ
㰴ļȻȥô׳յ¡İɡش΢侲ǻЩҧ´ܸоӦԼѣǿͰ͵Ŀ㡣ǱֵÿЦá
С㣬ȥվɣ֮ҪͬϹܼһȥұˡ˼һǾȽϺãȻҲʹһȥǸԨ󡣡
ͷȻһߣҲƵõϹܼҲԵġ磬ұһڼӵҲۼһ𣬴Ҷûʲôԭʮڱ˾Ÿһ룬ʿߡҪȥԨǲھŻʳڣһʶ⽼ķ棬Ϊңʶﱻķˡ
ŻʳĻʶ˲֪Щģÿĵ׶еͻأȻǻʼҽأȥǸʲôò̽ģֻÿ˶֪Լ屻ӡǣߵĻԺֻᱻ췢֣ӲͷƤҲҪȥˡ
ϹܼټˣοҪȥִбҲ֪ҪȥãʶȻȥˡǾŻʳͨȥұʱһЩСӣóˡš㣬ҽ㱣ܡ
죬ôǰأӲǸ
ҲɻϹܼôῴأЦأͲȥˣҲļǸԨнƣΪʮȽѾǽȥġ԰ʧȥʸ񡣡
˲꣬ԭΪֻǰ˵Ⱦ˼Ұãͻƾ磬Ҳûа취顣ȴôΪܸоΪĿľΪ˱ǿ뿪ұȥĻұڶܼˣұһĶֵأҲһ˵ϻˣԪԡӻҪǿϲٰ
Ľ黹ҪȥȻʰǣϹܼҾȶˣ˲Żʶ֮ԨȥѾϤľڸϿûӡǵģֻԨû뿪Ϳˣ


2198 Ԩ
˺ܿϹܼҵļ֮ԨνԨʵǺܾǰŻʳʵ۵һйͦģɽˮﻨ㣬ڵӲݴ˽磬Ѿ̽ر𣬾ŻʳĻҶҲǺȤ
ʮ֣Ϊʲôô￱أϹܼҼǣ֪ԨΪڸ󡣲ڸѾˣһֱܶ˶ֻѰ󣬶ڸһ֪֪ܵ˲ࡣ
ɻʵε֪
ϹܼҵЦЦΪڻʵ۱µģԨ󵱳Ҳұзݲ޽ġʶ֪֪ܵ˲ˡŻȻԭڲǬ
ҲһЩ˵ŻʳĻʵʧˣˣΣڵϦϾʵѾܾû¶ˣԭŻʵ۵ڸԭЩģֲҲҲܽԨ̽˲ұ֮еļӵǰ죬ȷϻʵǷ
Ԩڸ֪Ķǻʵ۱ȽεˣԴұ˲û̫˵ע⣬ֻϹܼҵĽͣԽӸоΣˣص£ȴԼˣ¼ǻʵֻۣҲᱻɱΪڻңϹܼô˵עЩȫ⣬ǲšҲҿԼк𣬳ϵӡǣҲȫһЩ
˽ԨԶһճǣ˲ŷһũׯдԨ֣ԲƵĿʯʨӣصӲݣżܿɭɭ׹ǡǰͷݸղϹܼڸھһ֮¡
˿ŵϱȳصңɵҵڣһȦûоʲôΣգֻûһ˷ɾ裬˷֮ڣҲһƬǽ壬ϾɵΣǻҳ֩м䵹һûӣλǿ֡ȻŻʳ
Ϲܼ˵ˣھ֮£ƣΪʮȽѾ޷ġ㻹һ㡣㵣Ľȥ֮޷ʶȽ룬óϹܼҸһϾɵƤ֮ϡ񷢳һƬ⣬ѸСһƴСʯ񣬶ԭŵĵطֻƽף̱֮һ㵭ӰǺʵʯȻڳˡ
㿴ңҿ㣬ԸȽ롣㰵ԭŸԼһ˼ȥ϶ӡǣԨ棬ܻиӦҪԥˡ
ΪߣҲ֪棬һӴȥеһеڶܿ߸˾ȥˣʣһʿ˴۵СۣöԷȽȥ
һݣͻȻѣץ˹ȥʿɫһ䣬æߣֻ˶ʧˣҪץʿʱͻȻγһ˶˽ȥСʯֱ˴·ʲôûһ
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ܺڶƺ嫵ռ䣬һЩοܶɵļӣӸһԹۣһ˶Ѿߵǰͷˣƺط档㿴Žֻ˿ȵʲĲľֲǽȴ쳣Ӳ
˼¶û飬ҡԽЩƬ޾գȴͻȻ˽ͣղѾһ֮Уδ
㼱æ֣ͣԭǰͷ˻Լһֻʣ°ˣطȻǸǷ֮ءС㣿ôӵ߻ӵѡ飬ȴ
˱Ź֣ƺľʲôɵ£ȴ֪ľǱģѹûȻҲģôҵҪҵˡ˱ߣԽհ벽Խ߲Խ࣬˾Ӧ𴦣ǴͷǸȴϡ
ľͿʼìˣȺķɢߣľȻһľս˱˪ȨȣһֱǸ߶Ⱦ裬ȤȥʱˣҪҪôţľһۣѾʧһҿɲΪΣղڸ
ûϹܼ˵žŻʳĻʵۣҲӣڣǵΪܱȽáĿӴļӣ㿴ԭǻ棬һȦڱˣǷ棬طԽϵ͵ΪģǷֲڣԹȻҪǡ
ʲô߼ľûĵһۣҲ֪ǰԼľļûһ˿΢Щľĵ߲ǰ취뿪ҲûоͷҪˣ᲻Ҫղǳ·ˣ
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Χĺڰľŵ𣿡һĬĬסľС֣ЩЩȻźڰЩ־塣㰲οûµģ
أһȵķ׭֮סˣһ̤գһƬڰ֮С֮⣬ûκʹ࣬ǸоЩأܺںģЩصƤȴǿҰɫשأԱ߻˯ľһʿľҲȴɻ˯ţû˼
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ߴһӣʿ羭һ㣬Ϊ촷ۡ


2199 
㿴һʿɵıɱˣͫȻһ̾ľҲ䱸ֻǳϵĻ߷֮¶ͼڡһУԱߵĮ̇ƶ˹ȻΪԼһơ
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¶ǣŻĿڣˣѾ֪ˣΪʲô϶ľӡûأҲʵ󵨡ղǸץģԼġ
㱻˵Щ£ߵ˼ƿһУЩʿϵӡԼ˵ʵش취ȥӡǣΪǲ
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֪˵ˣ˵˲Σ˵ұִԡһߣѱΪλҪЩѵǸղûôģɱ練ơ
ЦǰҪɱǣ£ǻ˵ȻǰǰĹء
Сӵ˼ߵ˵Ҹһᣬͨ˾뿪ʧǾͱϷĺ㲻΢΢ݣû뵽뿪ΪǱľ棬ʶıȽϿû뵽ŻʳĻʵۻǸͯҲˣҪͲᶪټĻʳԼˣҲ֪ʲô˼ѵžܱǿ
㿴˿ܣûʲô˺ˣǳ⿼Լʵǰ˵Ҫôǣ
һӣ⣬ÿѡһҾͷߣʧǾһǾǴϷ򣡡
һ㶣ǸͯȻĿѹԵʵⲻΪôֺĿأ
ĿǾͼ򵥶ˣҵޣ۽󸣡ߴһӣһͷȴҪһȦı۽ͷΪȻҲоϾôܸ򵥣
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һᣬǲΪԼӮܵ˵ҵĳҪУҾܸоλãôûáһʱһ
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䣡űܵһͺȣо屻һĪ޴˺ѵƻƻ㻤壬Ȼ֮סз׭֮ƣһѪˤڵء
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˫ͫһɫʼ𽥷̣ҲһͨӣֻҪУôԷĻǾͻᱻ
ԶԶĿţҲ֪бйŹ֣ǲ֪ԷʲôҲӲӣҪ֣ȴǿһ̹ٶȼ죬һִǾԼ㲻һҵ֮жݵʧ
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һֱϷ߶ŵ㵵ĿһĻ۾ֹȷŮ治򵥣ȻǸСҲ򵥣˹ֲҪöࡣŰɱǲЩϧ
ľиתҲɫأ˿ڻŰͻȻףӦԣ
ȿȣľȻӣʧȥһ״󼱣ȻǿʩչŴӱ˪Ȩ֮лЩĸҲСͻȻ˷ܵᣡȥɡ
ӴԾһСɽѹѹģֻľͻȻͷ¶һ˿Цݡ


2200 òЭ
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ľһץ֣ݹһ˿һĻɫ˵죡Ȼָһ˿ֻҪԼһֵֻϵ֮ܵڣֳҪڱڱըҲҪش
ӮˣȻһֱԹ۵ĺһһľò۳ɢ۵Ҳʧܲµһû䣬һս
죡ջ˸ˣ˼ʴʣ߷ŭһ֣ѱڵ׸˳а棬૵ǿƻûףλõģ
ڨЦһٴУ˳ˡ
ιľһŵҩֵֹǰŵԣ
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ôûпǹһ㣬ôҽǰĿ飿ɫֻϣǰǸŵԵˡ
߹һЦ̧ͣһŽ⣬ɢһȦߵĴλþЩرҿԸǣȥҲӲľ档Ҳֻôһ뿪ѡأ뿪أ
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ϵץһȣΧŵ¯ɿкͯӣûˣ𵽴ϵԸ˵ӿõ¯Ȼ˵ʵλֻ·
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ֻԼҪʹͼɲҴӦˣϾҪǳȥ˱ץˣһ׷ԼҪСġϵԥмЦһ¯ϵʹڿɲںġ
ϵɫһ䣬ҲǾŻʳĵҩʦȻһ·СȡЦôأм˵ʵǵ¯ɢҩζҾ֪Ƶʲôҩһеļζҩס޵ڵţŻʲô
ϵ渵ԽɫԽѿѾˣһԵˣܴӵҩɢζ֮бϳʲôҩأϵæֽ̣Сֵܣ㵹˵˵Ҫʲôҩ
ʱڴΪĵҩ˼һҿɲ֪ҩԱȻģֻ㳢Թܶˣȴ򣬿Ʋסҩۣ԰ɣ
ԶԶԣȫԣϵ֣æǹؼҪʲôҩӿǾҼоֱ缫µĵҩҸú٣ǿеģô޷۳ɵÿһ
Ҳ΢΢ԾϵȻо缫µĵҩȻˮƽô뷨ȴǺܺã˵缫ʲô˼
ϵôʣʮֽͦţν缫£ǿɾǾϾҲʮ˵ȽѾһһ㶼ټǿֲ٣ܰȥĶǲߣ򣬻иǿͨⷽɵĵҩʿʱʵΪϾʱĻҹҲһ֮ã
ϧϵ˲õ䣬૵ϧ˵ѾˣһֱʧܡСֵܰɴ˵ϷԸ¯ҩȫ
һһָѻʹĵͼң¯ҩڻеþȣ˿ɾͷˣúֵҩҪأһŵͼҪϵＤҵļ尾ţصⲽǿԼһ¯ҩ
ãҴӦǣҲҸˡҸǻƻʹͼϵڵͷң¯ҩɵҩ
ЦЦûͼҲ㡣ҿԸһЩʾûһֻõҵ𣬲ҪõͻҩЧܻﵽΪĻҩе͡ȻˣӵָΪ⣬ȴʺҩĻ棬Ǿ͸ˡ
ϵҲԵһô˵ʱˣԼʧܵԭûҩԵͣһ㲻û뵽ûϵҩԵʧΪ⡣
ͻңղءϵæȥæµ棬æµֹ̬ȱùޱȣʵ裿һЦͼأϵԭһϨˣԼƵĵҩҪԣˡ
ϵæޱʺֽ૵λԵȣ͸ǻ


2201 Ӫ
ҩϵܴڻͼʱ򻹱עҲֺһӣϾϵָʮֿġϵָһ·뿪ʹȽϰȫĴ֮дĲ󷨱ҵɲ߳ȥǻᴫͳȥ
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ľ㳭ͯķξҪߣһ¯ҩ𣿡
ϵҡҡͷȲˣ·컻ϡղŸ̸ûֱǸ̫಻𣿡ľһʶһɨȻڼɽǸ̫ûټǽˣȻǲٶˣ߻ӵйȥ
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ǰôã߻ӵйں޶ƶ߻һ֮УȻħɢǿأȻ߻Ӳ£ôֻҪŪϵˡ
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һǴ߻ӵй⣬ʲôܷ
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ʲôϢʵͯһӵϢ㹻߻ӵ˰ɣֻҪԼΣյʱ׳ϢϢȷǡھŻʳ˭˲Ļʵ۵İΣʵ۵ȥأ
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ϧ߻ûԤϵڲãɭֵĺ岿õһŽԪ൱߼ķ׭ܴ󲿷ֵĽƣں岿ҲƾԪӹһ١һħ˹ȥħ֮ڣоħɱѪøŨءֵİӱš
ϢϢѹͣһ㣬߻ӵ֮ڣŮӵʹУ㾲Ŀͱ˴˵ĵźܶŮˣһصѪǱʹ࣬ħơ㿴˿ֲһĻͫײɵһ߻ӾȻ˶ŮӣѡΪѡŮӣȻħ
ọ̀ĵŭ𣬼æڵϵˣǷ


2202 ٴ˽
ˣȻûбȥ״ͷǴӲãɭֵĺ峲ѨҵģͻĵطȻǲãɭ֣ʮָˡҪȥȴǷˡ
ľǼȥһξ룬һˮϣ˵ĶԻľɫ˵ҲٻȥұҶ˽ѵûжĵطҲᵣܵѵӰ졣
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ľֻ̾취صα磬һҪءõңһԼصġ
ͷ޲ɢ֮ϯֱ֮ǰľȻס㣬ĵ˵˵ǻЩʮֶлҵչˡҪ˵ʲôȻ촽ľӣСס촽һ˿˿塣˶סˡ
ľǹ㣬ɫ糺죬ҲǱԼ⣬ֻľ֪Լ֮仹кܶ蹵ôԽģηֱҲп֮գôֻж㣬
ľλһݹ⣬գۼͷɶˣ˿˵ĻᣬεͷǺãһ
ߣĲˬУղ˵̸ûǶȴǿһȭһ£ҶȻõĶ²ˣߺߣ
ڨЦҲԸⰡһĲ졣
糺죬ԼȻܣҲǷ޹ϵһ޷ȷԼԸġ㻹ЦԼòУȭӶ˼ˣȥɡֻҪô˵أ
ӣ⻹򵥣ʱֻҪһϷͺˣҲ̫⡣ΪĵϢ㵽ʱһҾˡ
ʱΪѾʮĵȽѾ۷壬㵫ǺĽѾģҲڰȻ취٣ȻˣҪܵõһʮĵȽѾҵ֮ɵͻƣֻôıأ
ãɭֵȦû̫Σգֻγ˲ãɭ֣ԭɭֱԵկѾûˣʣһտǡ
ٻȥұ·ϣ㵹Ǻо߻ӱ״ŧѪʱһŧѪˣЩŧѪûΪһˣȻȱ⣬ֻһֶѡ㲢֪߻ӵһ̯ŧѪֱ߻ӶлһʵΪˡҲ¾Żʳĸֱ仯ڵ߻ӣ˷ֻȴûʲô˿ȥʹʶ㻹㰲ȫױ鵽ͷϡ
ҡžƿŧѪҲζһ£Ũصħѹƣֻ׶޷㳢þһ˿ʶ˽ȥ漴յһҿԼûȫʶŽȥû뵽һ̯ŧѪ
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еľƿķܷȫΪԦﻹЩųΪԼã߻ӵ־棬ǱԼߣǿɾͺܶ鷳ˣ뻹ʱҪųȽϺãȫˡѪ񾭡㡣
˷糾͵˰£ǻصұֻʱʮ־棬ΪñϹܼһҪ磬ˣǴӱ߻ӵѡӵĻҲܿӼǣֻǿһ޿ӣЩ㲣㣺ô£
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šˣ쾪ȵôλվǿ㣬ʧӡǣпܣô˵ʲô㲻Լ˰ɣ
ԤϵôһʣԼȻܾ裬̹Ȼһ֣ۣ֮γһΩΩФǾŻʳĻʵûʵۣô֪ʵͯʲôأ
ĬĵͷĻֻǺΪʲôᱻأ˵ʲô𣿡
һ֣ھţʱˣΪľû֪Լͻʵ̸֮Щȴ켫֪ģ㴵Ǹǰ˶ҩ˵һ£˾ͻҽҩ
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Ƕɱ˭ֻ¶˵ʱġ˵֮ǲ׼ԺͶˡȷ²͸ǲ̫գϾΪһҲûʲô⡣
첻ɵÿɫ޲ֹʵôˣôܻģ
߻ѡŮĿ˵һ飬һ֪ˣǵ˵߻Ϊ۷壬٣ٴʱŵŵŵ߹ץʵˣ
ʱﲢֻѾ׼˵ǣٵˮŮѾɱˣȻѣʼɽ٣ȴǱһ̲Ѫ
֪߻ǾŻʳʵ۵ڶ֮ǿһҲϣ̳лλһֻҪʵĳһ첻ڵΪͻλͣʱڶ֮ˣһֱִ֧ӵģ߻̫ڶĿƫ£˼߻ˣԼøϽЧĲС
켱æʲôʱ£ôϹܼһҪѲ
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︴ĻŮҲֻһ̲ŧѪƺḴԭһֱٴûˣ븴ԭǲܵˡ
գһ㣬µʱ䣬ͷͷӦûõϢԼһϢڼң˵˵õطڼҲ˵켱æ˵ҪȥʶһˣͶš
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ۣûаﵱԼŮģȻ˿ĵӣʵ˷ѽ⣬æȥɱ£ҲǸڱ֮ǰȥʶЧġ
ֻҲãҲʲôס


2203 ս
֮뿪˺͹رұĴţ˵ҪȵϹܼһ֮ǰٴοҲĿŵ뿪ˣϾұʮĵȽѾĸҲв٣ǶǲһܴﵽϹܼҼˣҲǱ˵ļҶ
ҲܻģƸ˼ҶƷ飬ΪұڶһƷҶȻϽ㻹õһѵƷ׵ķɽǱ鱦ǿĴڣұһѣתõģΪ˼ҪתͶˡ
ǾͰԼһֱ᲻ʹãҲ᲻ø׶ӵĵƷ׵Ľɽ˳
㻹ЩܳǶҪģɽһһ۳ָĽɫУâҲԼʤķ֮һķҲЩϲԼԭ鱦ɽžֱӱˣǿ
ÿҲУϾ绹ûлҲû˹ܵţ춼լԺ֮ڲãɭֺ屦õĸ鵤Ҳ˳ͻʮȽѾ
ȫұ˵ע֮£ýӲʮ٣㵹жѣľ˵ǰʮѾĽײ̫ǿԽԽǿֻҪӵ㹻ǿķܶɹģǴڻʳ֮ڣ߻ƾħͨܶɹʮһˣµ˵Ʒ׵ķȻʲôµġ
ͻΪҲǸˣΪұֶһλʵڵĹܼˡ
Ȼɽٺĵڶ죬ϹܼҺӰ糾͵Ļˣšԭڰ·˸Żʳǵ졣
ʲôͲ֪ˣһˣϲ񣬼ææĶԼ㡣
㣡ţһ󼱴ٵһû֣ǿСš룺
羪ϲѡ
Ƶô㲻һƵģ
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һ˵£ԥҪҪԼȥֻ˴࣬ԼǲҪɴ̼ˡ
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ʵΪ磬ˡ
һЦһϲ㡭Ŷ˼ǸҪãǺǺǡ
˵ţ㣬ˣڲڣ
ŭȣҵլԺԴ˭ĵӣҲüͷΪ̬֮ҲޱˡڶֱӴԺˡ
߳ȣǵû뿪˵С㣬㣬кܶ໰Ҫ˵Ҳҹ㣬ȥ
ūһҧȻסսȭͷ֣οҪһʶ
ƤԼֱţߴľˣԹԵӦһŶСһ
СģڵΪȻȰѷһû¹㾶ֱ˳ȥһװûȥϴ͹İԭЩͰӣĶư֮ɫ
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ı˰ָһݺıѨȥͻȻһɱ׺ݣҵ֮˲ฺܶġ
Щмܲסȫ
ѵʿǲĵģģʱ棬밢Ӳȴһ
㳰ЦʶԼˣγУѧ˲ٶ
㹻ˣ󣬴һУԼı޵һԲ־ͷ˹Բ˵УһһȦҰסȻһĴЦץǻȿȣҪ䣡
ϰЦݻû룬ּɵһնģһԲͱնˣȻһѪ˵Ľ㡭ôУ
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ۣЦݣ̲סһѪȻץסᣬȻȥһţ߷ɣֻ˼ݶѣϾһǿĵ㲻ɱġ
ɣ´νСլԺ֮ǰ޼ɵҾٵݣ
ץһߵݣвĵŭȼգôˣԼѹһ簡ֶʼɵĿеĽ˲ǵѪ뿪լԺ
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ҡҡͷûУȥĺܴæһ𣿡
عڼңھŻʳҲһ壬˴󣬱ζϢʹһЩжҲʱϹܼҴġ
ƲƲ죺ҲŲȥأǰڼҾûܹɫƺԶͯʱڵļʮ̣һĲԸ˰οⲻ㱣Ҳ׼һ£Ҫ뿪ұȥ͡
Ϊʲôôżȷڼҿǻع飬ٻȥ𣿡
Ͳö֪ˣ֮ľҲ׼ɡ˵ֶ꣬һԵ㣬Ҫ˶С㣬ܵ˺ȥǱߣ֪𣿡
ʾ޹ԼʲôʱȥǱˣֻ˵⻰ʱ粻ˬˣԼˣһĶ䣬ߵ㣡ô£ʲôɸ˵𣿡
С㣡ˡ
ף缱æװŮǶһŷԼƭˣ㣬ܣץ㣬ÿߣ


2204 ʶ
ұڣܶұļõϢұҪع鱾ңǸ˵ģΪĴӴˣֻҲ˵ģصľ᲻Щִ٣Ͼûȥʶð·ϹܼŻ
ǺΣյģѵӰ£Щϰ˲ܽѵӰˣ
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ֻֻ߻ӵһѪЩѪһʮȾҵ֮ѾͻˡѪ񾭡㣬ӵ൱ǿս֮ͬʮҲǶ֡󻹻ữŧѪֻҪŧѪ𣬾ۣԭ
㳢ԵĽѪųᷴԼһֱûоʲô쳣Լֽһ磬ʱָѪѾûһʼǰ֮ʶʶӣܷ޹һѪҺɣҲûнѨλ
ΨһвĻǻѪɫܱɻƤǾܳΪ൱õαװ㳢Ѫ֣ȻɴܣǷữһ̲ѪȻۣκ쳣ڻûа취𻯳ŧѪķֻѹơ
ˣҲʮˣǿУܰѧһһģһԼأ
ϾҪıǱģӴ֮зҳ˴ҩģһ̣뵽һƻܳһǰѧȫԼơ
ΪѪ񾭡Ѫ֮ڣһʶȻܵħӰ죬ܻԼ֪˶ģĵġ
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ұˣƺƵʶһ֧ӣǧ׳ʶʱҲȥһࡣһοǸƣʯĳǽε̬Ǳһͬеˡ
Żʳֻ֮еıɽһǣҲƫƧ֮أ˶Ƚϰľ㻰Ҳ˵Żʳ֮⣬иӹ磬ǸˣԻϧˣҪۣҪоŻʳ
ֻЩڵ˵ЩѣΪΪָò졣ҲôѰεľǳĵطûġ
磬Ҳڶǰ棬һվڳſڵţˣ˵Ҫȥãڣλ˼ǵ֪ͨϴһ
˵ЩͲȥ˰ɣҲЩ¡
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ŻʳңҲһˣ֮͢ҲҵˣڵΪҲʮȽѾ뻯ϾҲ಻ԶˣҲҼǿϾʵҲʮȽѾҲǴﵽ˻ϾѣΪӣΪҪһ·߸ͽȻ³
ʮȽѾھŻʳҲǼУܺߵˡ
μ壬ҲʮȽѾǿߣΪԼٴﵽģ֮ͬпһ塣
ҵĴԺڻʶĶ棬ռؼ㣬һгǣʵŻʳÿһ嶼ˣʵ۰ǣǾͰǵСȻάһǿʢأ
ҵıʮССԺ乹ɣÿһһԺ䣬ЩԭұļҲҵıңŵͨķᣬѡؿۡ
ҵļҶһ·ߵһȽϾƫƧͥԺüͷôôưСͥԺӲݴȻû˴
·СҶмÿͶҵ֧ʤǹģҲҲǱ˹ͣôһƬطҪǲԸ⣬ǾȥСžͺˡ
㣡类˵û뵽Ͷ⵽һԵĴס磬磬Ҫ֣ôĵطҲ㲻ˣȻƾһЩʰһ¾ͺˡѡɡԡ£Ҫȥء
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ʲôŹ֣ͣסŲۼ⣬Ժʱϸ۲죬ָһǽڣ㿴ǽϵǸոˢģǳһ֮⣬طûˢɫ̫ˡ
˷׷׿ȥȻ˵ǲֵ̫̫ԱߵںڲƸ롣
߽һĨоа͹УǾεģ˳һ˺Ͱһŷ׭˺Ȼһͨıѻ
˶ɫһ䣬Ǹı˸ǼæһڼҶ飬еķ׭ҳȻҳʮšȫӶЩͨıѻҲ߰˸ˣҲ˵ֻҪ˽ȥȻᱻǸͰѷӸŪֻҪץСӡ
ɫصĿЩѻ˿㣺㣬ˡҵ˲ϲǣƽʱ˽ҪСһЩ
˵仰ñص˸һӰͶڼңڼҲԺӱȻùұǰңء
ʱܹܼһȵСҶǵĻȵ׭ˣôܣ˭ɫľͷˣϸĵġ
ܹܣʵϾҪҪŪģ
ҪȻҪˣүԸ£ҪƯСܹܼ°͵룬ЦǷճãǧ϶˺ܶʣʲôǳŲ˶õġǾ˵޹߲»ǸûжԼκιף÷ճá
ǣСȥ졣
СҶ֮󣬴ܹҲұҵĴͥԺȥˣҲΪδҪЩͶ֧ҲΪ¾Ͷˡ
԰֮ڣһʮˣԦʮҫŻķɽϷһڰ֮趯ЩĿǵһǾʯ񣬷ɽ֮ǼնƵĺǾʯͳͳһء
ܹЦǺǵĹƣٵʮʥǿˣϴֻǰЩǾʯն˿飬ڶնʮˡ
Ƿ죬ȴǫ飺㲻ʲôܹΪˣôûͥԺǱߵıը
Ĵ٣ǵļƻʶˡըǷˡ
ʲô˭ֵģ
ܹȻʵǷǿȴܲסŭæѾȥˡʱһҶС˽үұиҶ˵֪˭ʶ˴ܹܵļı
ߣ촫ǷڹǸðˡ


2205 һо
ʲôһӦöҪԼȥ򣿡ϢʱѾˣ֪ҵΪѣȴΪǴ˺ܶ˰һжˡôֵܲκζ̫۸ˡ
˵أ
ڳ͢æµƺҪӵӡε˵ʱرأٺͱìܣôǱ߿ɾͷˣ˵ˣʲôš
㣡
ᣬ΢΢üͷȴǶ˵ҺͰҪȥǷС㣬ˡ
ôȥ粻ľͣûһأ̫ɶˣô˺𣿡
ԭЩӶ˸ܣ˵ʶ˴ܹܲõıըǷר㣬һˡ᲻֪ǵıأʤڵҩ࣡
ڲãɭֵĺ屦õĸ˵ҩڶкܶ࣬˻ȥһŵҩʱϢͺˡ֮һֱһ˭ܣ뿴ոͻƾϾǷԼʵ١
ǷƺŪԼ˼ʹһЩԼͨһȫˡ
ⲻðԼȥˡνʼ磺û£ǲҶС鷳ͺˡ
鷳ǻҪҪôǺ˼е䣺㣬Ϊ˱ң˲ٿͷΪʲôҪأұͦõ
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˭ɵûУʮ־ʵȻǣͶǸǷ̫ɶˣұôꡣ
ЩüĿȷҲѡģǾϹܼңֲҲǵ֪Ϲֲܼ֣ҲܹݹϵǸ뿪ҵģڻܴܹͦεģ߽ߡҲֲҹﱻܹܽȥȾơ
ͥԺ⣬Ѿͷˣֳٵ㻹Կͷɣ
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һЦˮɲԼСģΪƽʱǱչѪ˲Ƿ˫ޣĿǻǻƻŮô
֮նʮ񣬺ߵū
Ƶñˣūţѵǣ
ǺǣܲɣС˵ľˣҲѡȻ̧ͷҼ˵ʱ򣬶ҪҲ˵ҵԼҵطͿˡĴ㲻صģ˭ƽȶԴˣ
һ˵ǰ׷ƽһ㣡
Դϴһ·磬Ȼִ߻ӵϢ֮Ĵͳױˡ磬λ͸ߣ˸ǰԼˣʲôôָһЩѵƷ׵Ľ͸㣬Լ˴ֱ׶ԪԻҪá
ԼҲұļҶԹô꣬ϵԪϹôȲһұûõأ
ˣҵıңүǷү㻹ұɵģ㻹صȥɣܻ˵ϻ㻹ҪһǷүܺõȥ
Ҵáŵ˵ץģҪԵģһŶأԶǣһֱǡ
㣡޻˵ʵܵ˾ԼǷ׼ҲԼȷ㲻ˬҷߺĵλﻹиҶӣһﲻøɣд˵ĽԼԼ
ȴȻֻǶƷҶҪλ˳Ųɰ죬ҪɫͶҵǷܱȴ֧ұǿ԰͸Ƿͨ籨ţ׼Ƿ㡣
ЩǷѾʹҪˣһǴСǿô򶷲вˡڶּ͵ģˣΪʲôôܿٻָǶʼɡ
ǷͥԺѾҶһˣȵľһˣǷܲˬǹקģÿζԼÿνѵһ飬ڶͣǷҲôģ
ֻǷֲܴ㣬ϾԼСЩӰ죬ҪĻǷԼܷɱ㱧ɻ̬ȣüκ㽻ֵʱǷɱΪҶ̫ƮݵģԼһϵʮջ𣬵ǶɱʱϢˣԼܷɱ㱧м仳ɵ̬ȡ
Ƿλվ㣬ֳٵˣиҵƻ֪
ﲻмߣҪһʼǷЩ£أǷıһûʶͬԸԼǲˣǷ̾ϾΪǿѹ㣬ҲŵĶ㿪߳ɣԲ⡣
룬ľȻүƽʱæģҪ˰£ҪСȣⲻпչô
ˣϻ֮ٵ˾ǳٵˣʮ൱Ҵ򣡡Ƿڰ֣кҶԸ㣺ף˭ĵ̣ҶҪ۵ģҶиҶӡ
֮ãôǷҲѧϰ˺ܶ࣬ǻǲţڶ˾ŸͬʮȽѾʿѾº֣ûҲϡ
ʮҶұҵˣƽʱҲǾǷҲóǷҪԵˣǿⲢʲôر£˭˴ֻٰв
⻰ҲֻЦЦЩūţ̹Ȼְ֣ɣһҪȥСءҿûôʱȥ۸ˡ
Ƿüͷһ壬ĵԽԽˣҹȻԼˡ浱ԼǸа򣬸ʹ򣡡
ʮ˷ӵϣȻΪֿҲΪܶõǵĽ㲽ң߻ͣ˫۷ӡָû˿óָϵĽô£Ҳû˸ȥһ
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⻰ڳ֮˭֪أ֮ǰǷϾĴڣԸ㶼һյģ
ݺͷʮ֮ܣΨߵİǿΣ˵ͻȻһҶָһ㡣
ֱۣһŽƿǼҶļ򣬾ֱֻ۶ˣûµĹ򣬾òˣ˶һæ룬ӲˣҶǾɱ¾ߵڵģеģҲеġȴҡҡͷƽֵɱƺЩͰ
˻˶һ⻹ͣؽѧİǷҲȵվʮĽؽҲûУ
ǰ⿴û뵽֮ͬУҪôΪҵˣҪôǷһæȵס֣л˵


2206 
Ƿͣʱ򣬰͸оˣĳɫģֻЩ㶼ǱǿѹǷԣâһ֮ǿ˿۽ˡ
Ƿ°ͣ㣬ҽл˵
£ﵣĵˣǱԼֵ£Ҳܶʼӵ˶ͨԼӵеƷ׵ķһ㱻Ƿ£ˣôĵλһıڽ£
УԼҪȥʲô
ˣöСС϶㱻Ƿ£ȥġȻ߳ͥԺæȥ籨š
µĲûдǷУҲΪһ˲ţҪԵұˣұļҶȻͶԼǷΪͷԼҲȻģϾԼҵδ
㰡Ƿһ̬ʾ£㵭һЦǿߣﶼܵأԼⷬȻǷϿԼҲֱ£ʵүʲô˵Ī뷨Ӽ㣿
ǷһѵģλָЦ㰡⻰˵ĿԹʵˣֻ˵ұĹ¼˺ܺ棬Ϊ˵ͣҾһѡ
ϣǷװϤģһ㣬ϺõĽ㣬ʵʹ͸ҵģһҶȲ
㲻ĳһڣڸ𣬻ζ㣬ȷǺò衣Ҳ˼ǷҪ£ԼΪʲôǷҪһ˵ʱ£ԼôԼΪܶ£Լôá
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ǷǺһЦ㣬㲻ǼˡҾЩĲԣҲʵס֧ˣûӰ԰ɣӵΪʱжǿ֧ˣֻⱲӶûлˡ
͵ЦԼΪֻ¸ߵ޷Լֻǵù˶ѡ
лޣСΪѣûҪ뿪Ͼܾ
ǷʮָˣûеһʱӦ㹻ҳϣǸٵİҪöˡǷͬʱţû˵ˣֻǳļ벢
ǷЦЦվ֣㣬㿴һЩ
ǷԽԺĺ棬һʮĸһԾϣǷƵָǰǾŻʳڵķ־ǱߣżңǱμңҵĵ̣㿴ҪҶҵĵ֮ڣҵΪʵۡ
ۣôƵطʲôֵҫģǷЦûʶôһطζɣңҿһ֮£֮ϣֻҪң˼֮󣬴ܹܵλþģ
ȨڨЦԼŲϡЩءҪұͻȻع鱾ңΪԼѾˡԼҲֻǵİΣ
ǷȻΪЩˣܸѾˣԼг⣬ԥʲô
ţʲôǷ˳ߣȴǿҪԼͥԺǱŵļҶˡ
ǷҲǷǷſڵĶԻ
żҪȥ㣬˵ǷҪ£㣬⶯˼ôܲأģǱ˵ɷн£ʮֵģŲһһ缱ææˣȴǱŵļҶĻҲûãˣҲˣԼȥɡ
ҪҷǷ磬ҽȥ
ܻСȭͷˣѾαЩҶƳˡ
үҲ֧ģҲԼʲôݣ
һƿҩλ磬񵤣ͨһвУǼҶϲ˳ù񵤣ȴȻ룬òá
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ŭǸҶƿ磬ȴǳûͣкüζ籥ѩ֣֮ҪʱסǼҶóˡ
ɣҰǿŵļҶ˵ظɴһСֱӰ߷֮⣬ȻִҪ㣬˻
߻ȴǱ߷ɣǿŵļҶź󱳣̤˼ţĥߴ߰ôŵôƯƨã֧ˣǼҶ磬ҪмʵǻˣȽѾЦˡ
㼱ˣ֡
ʲôǷЩͻأԼ˵̫˵ɣôоЩɱŭأ
ҿˣѾǻŭˡ
ŶʶʱΪܰɱһʱ嶯Լһ˾ѵĻᡣǷеҲ˼֣߳ɵˡ
о߼ϴѹǷצ֡׾ץԼƤ⡣
ʹ㲢Ϊʲô˲ģһףŭָԴĵؽ౵һһ״Լϵ֡Ƿʹȴִ󾪣ң
ʲô㱩ŭλһݹ⣬ֵ̼Ƿ󣬷һǷĺ󱳣ֱӽ䲻¶ʮı档
һߣ翴ǼҶĽԼ߹һ˫ۣûиоʹģɻȴǿ壬ץסһֻţһѽǸŵļҶƷ
һָһŷ⺮ǼҶɱ˪
С㣬ôˣ
㣬ǲҪ뿪ңſڵϣۿˮͣشתǲҪͶǷ
˭˵ģĲȥ۽ǵˮϵĻҳ
˵ģ˵ǲǲҪˡءӵš
޵ĻҾֻȥͶǷˣΪֻޣЦ
̲꣬סЦˣҲ֪㲢ûȥ˭˵ģҲЦϲЦԺЦ㿴
иˣСЦݿɲ˭ܿģϱĸ磬ѾýžܾǷҪֲŮģҸ
һ죬ߵʲô˼зǷ֮룬Ÿѽ
С޵ôҿɲϲЦ缱æͷȥϵۺͻҳߵҲŲأ˵Ưġ
ȻǷŭĳ㣡ңˣ
һӻ֣С㣬˵һԣҰѼһʰڸȥ


2207 
ǷûԼᱻһ֧СļҶϣиоһŵԼĺۣԼûз£ıŭѾôܿעģƱҪõѵ
䣡ǷϺݺݵضѹһˣѾ˿һˣҸҲûá
㵭һЦǷΧյԭϢģǸղǷһ¶ˡ
֣û뵽һŰٸߵ
ǷŭɶȻ㲻Ϊãȥɣɣ˵۸㾳͡
㵭ȻһЦֻʵ˲Żүɡ
ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡ǷױŭˣһҶƲ𣬽ܺùưոݣһ˲ƶұߣݺݵɨһţȴ
һͻϮɨȣһ𣿡
ǷȻǰ㶼Ҵеģô
˵һΣҶǹⱻеģΪɨȴ֮Ҿ͵طܼٺܶˣҲʱʧȥ׷Ȥ˵ߺʮ˫֣һ׽˲˳ݺݵһ飬Ȼ˲仯ױޡ
žһǷϡ
ǷʹŭҴҡ
㶼ɱˣƾʲôҴ㣿㵱Ϊ˶ЩζһС𣿡
Ƿǻŭ𱻽һˮͷһȻһվں濴ţǷȵϣһϣɱ
飬Ӽ
УΪǳģŭǽʺ㻯ݹ⣬嵽󣬰Цϵ㣬ҡ
ǰû˵ȥͿ߾ŽĽƿŵȭΪܷ㣬ûϵͼƷ׵ķɽԽǿ󣬰һеķͽ͵ġ
ֱ۱˺ѷεĴУ㣬㣬㣡
ת޴㲻ûͷ
Ʒ׵ķɽһСҶˣÿ˶ͶĽ񣬾ǷҲˣԼʮʥ𽣶ֻһ鱦ɽѣоĽ̫ѷˡ
֮ǰΪβã
Ϊòš
㣡Ƿһα㿴ˣؿ죬ңϣϣ
˫ֿٽӡһƾմÿһ׶һҶЩҶܵסףѪ
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Ƿ˫һУʮʥɽһʱûȸ
ʶʥЩ𲢷һĻ𣬶Ļ棬ž˵¶ȼñɢʧǡǰҲԹٿͷΪ㹻ɱԼ㶼Ȼ֮׵ıɵĲλܵġ
Ƿٴμ㿴ͷĽȴǵһЦҲսеĽ
һһǣȴ˲䱻ѹեƵֻʮʥɱ׭֮ͬʱʥ
֮ڶ
ǷޱţܿѾˣϾԼǾϾΪ磬ԼĶ֡
㣬ɣģ㲻ҲǲУǷŽ֮ͻ㣬һɳɾ͸Ȼָоܹ죬ԷһҶԼҵĴүΪʲôܼҶоҫأ
㲻ģһԵǿ˵ǿĶ֣㶼ܴܣ㲻ʲô
ߣãôҽԻͽˣǷ뽣֮Уʶһɨϣ˹ȥֳһѽУֱȡѡ
Ȼ̧ͷһЦôأ㵹޴
˵˵ǷǿƳ˹ǣͻȻһģһУξȻʧˡ
Ƿʶһɨλòûб仯֪ľԻãС
֮նıƿȴǲ˹ȥǷŵĿһĻԼȻû㣿
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ͬʱֱӰǷŸѿˣ
ۣǷһѪ˳ȥһ˥Ҳˡ㰲ȻվڵϣǷȴſڵϣæ¾ĵҩôӮˣôܣⲻܡ
ĬȻҪƿǷ֣ղѾȫʩչˣڵҲǿ֮ĩֻ˵ƾˡǷԼѵΪԼûģΪԼӮ˶ѡʵҪɱǷҲ
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˴ԼҲȥˣصԼҵͥԺһģŵæס㣬㣬ô
û£ЩĻһ󣬸о൱ܣҲҿͻȻܽҲлᷴҲ˶С㼤ŭء
һ죺аʲôæҰﵹæС籧㣬̫ˣ㶼о尤Լֱۣһһεģʮ
ȻЩ㿴϶мˣҸЩҩɡ
̫ðɣԼˡٺһЦҪñ˿ȥˣԶСǴӰ찡
ҪҾҪҩ㶼ΪҲܵˣ֮ǰҾǹ˼ЩȽڣһˣѾⲻȥˡߴ˵ҵ
εЦЦԼôأԭֲΪ
ص֮ڣЩŵĸ⿪·죬̧ͷȻ֪ǸϵĽҩҶĬʵЩְ
ǽʵļ⣬ȴݺύ˰̣ȻĶ˸ҩС˿ڱ߸
һߣǷԼһ˿ڣջޱȣеĲ޷ƽϢֻˤƽϢŭ
ʱܹˣǷе˱ŭʵү˭ǵô
㣡Ǹ㣡Ƿһ߷˵ϵ¯뷨ӣôֲܸ֣֮˻ɵͷϡ
ϷΪ־ͺˡ
Уܴ֮󡣡ǷȻһս飬˵ҵһ꿡ܣ㣬ҪսľϾ֣һЩζҪ㣡
Ȼ󡭡Ƿ˶ֵҵΪµսѰ׵ıɺڵģڵıɰ׵ģҪǵ֪£
⡭бҪŪô𣿡ܹЩ㲻ֻʮȽѾԼõֲ㶨Ҳ⡣Ǵϲô㣬Ҳֻհˡ
ǸʲôرģЩʱܼˡϣ̫Ȥɡܹ૵


2208 ˭µս
գŻʳ֮һżңһϢׯ԰УŻʳȨ֮һżҼأŹվԼǰλǰ㱨ŹڻʶϢ
ʳڵ廥֮ҲǴŶԷ¡
żҰҵϸȴѾǷϢ˻
ҵǰСˣʹѾɳҪʰҲ÷һֽˡµһҶ£ܴѹǷжȡĴ㰡ȻӦõ͵£Ÿߵ۸ҵүͷˣҪˡ
һҲһͷʾͬԭϲҪΪҲ̫ѡҵĻμҸϽ͡
صͷȹһ°ɣһСҶķҲޡ
ʱׯ԰ȻһλӵоϾˣţӦżҵүˡ
λ峤һȻŶصҵĴܹˣһȤϢ
غɵԼĺ룺ҵĴܹܣܾûˣ϶ʲôıˣ
ıôսġӴһӣĵȥҵĴܹǼҵһļҶսģ㣬ҪսšеľϾ֡
ս飡ɫ΢΢һ䣺Ǹ㲻ֻʮȽѾΪ𣿡
ֹ˽ǱɫλʮȽѾǿҲ̲סǰһʧ̬Ľӹܹܵս
ողŵõϢǷܣôҪսһǿˣ
˶ˣôȥ
ʮȽѾʮ˵ȽѾĿɲֹô򵥣߸ǱΪϾӵо£ҵ֮۶ͳһĿܡʵķԾ
ⲻܣսʱǸôܽϾأɻǸҵǷֽ𣿻£
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һﵽϾƾ񼼾ʱЩүǻ治Ƕء
ҵĴܹܻ˵Ὣ͵лʶͷУҲܵ롣ʱ򣬻þŻʳеǿߣ֤֤ҵļҶδšҵſ
ߣǰȻʧһ֮ķȣƾһССʮȾʿεºκεżҿſȻ˸ߣȲͶ̥תżʱ̹ݣ
𣿡ҺƿնɫأĬ֡ǴҵĴүǷҲʸ
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żҽӵս鲻֮μҲܿӵսһЩҲܵս
ԭЩۿһʮȽѾʿսϾĸֱ֣ѻʯûȤżҵ˴Ƿ²ͬˣһʱ𣬴ǹ˼дǷġ
ֻҪ˾ܲµȻս飬ȻһܹܣҵʱʵǾᳬϾȻսǱû˼ôѯҴܹܵʱ򣬴ܹЦץ͸
ǷѾˣʱѼϼܣϾϣҲϣ壬ڶĹۿѹԼҲܲסȥҲҪϣ
ǷıĶ֮ڲսǰƫƫ֪õķϢ
̶ʱЩٻʶߣӵԴܹܵ˶Ҫȥˡ
ʮȽѾ˾ϾǷǺεȵҪսһٮٮˣʤѰζ
׳٣˵Ǻߣǰ޹ˡʶһ£ұͶҵһҶΪܹӵ˵֮ˣǺηʥ
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ܹܰȴǰúܺãϾܹҪǷҪǿ̫ˣܹܳɹִǷ󽫻һʢᣬڲ˶ΪǷ֮Ŀ֮٣˵һսҲ˵ʤͷԣҲоǱݺģ٣Բơ
Ȼֻʱ䣬в͸ǽأ㻹ǴһЩҶԼ֮ио쳣Լû˵ԼǷ°ЩҶҪôҶǷ˵˵ȥ
оԾصشһҶץСݣһ֪֮ԼȻսſ
ʱ
֪ԼˣʱѹҼ֪ıҲԼȥսģ뱣סԼҲΪġ˺ͶСˡ
ӣɲΪԼߣӦñ˼סˡ
ǷлҪʰصԼķ䣬ֹҴǷΪս鲻㣬ԼϤǷ·õƷ׵ĽġֻǴˣ㲻ôܣʱҲĵʮءҪͬʱԸĴľϾˣǸѰ·
ĥϾӵĻżȻʵķԾԼҵǣܿٻָΪ
֪ԣʱ򲻹ԼǷԸ⣬ǷԼŪģȻᱻһ˫εƵǰͷԼҪʱ䣡
˳ң뿪ҵʱ򣬴ܹҲˣܹܽļҶԸһһҶˣһ㱨
Ȼ뵽Լ˸ˣ£Ϊ˶ΪҪȥɵ˭ȡ˵ΪǷ˻ӣǴˣҪָΪҪֻĵطˡ
ŻǾŻʶķҲи־ʯǰЩӾʹҲǱнһЩǵϣɡ
Ż˲࣬ΪĴͨһЩǳƷھŻʳҪӵһѾõķһ㶼ҪԼ˴죬Ҫֳɵģȴкû
㿴ƹһ糾͵̸ʲô㲢û⣬һԵĻƣƣϴʹǣл𣿡
ǻԻԲߣ˵ŵƹڸǸе̸Ǯء
һ㶣ôҪϢҲ͸¶Լ治񰡡㿴̨ǱߣԭǸԴɣнˣרһЩŻʳŲ˹ȥ
ƹģô͸һЩƷҩ
Ҫһݸͬҵ֮ҲУƹּۻۣĪģҲˣ㹻ŻݸˣֻѲ֪ĵƷ׵ķ׬ôѡⷨ𲻿õ˻⵽ɣѳֵġ
УȻ࣬һƷ뻻ʲôҩƿţǼҴҵ̧ҩ۸ЩҩѾ㲻ˡƹੲݵ˵š
Ҳһֲȥߴ˰Ȼĺ£
Ī̲סˣæ߹ȥҡ


2209 
ҪǲƻʽףĪĵĻŻչˣԼɾҪึһЩˡ㻹һƵĵƷ׵ķ˲޸ô꣬߹ôط
˹ȥ԰Ʒ׵ķҼʦķ֣Ҳ˷ѵط
ƹĪĶЩȻôͻȻܳأƹļԼ˵Ҳû˵ʲôĪɫЩѿͼӻ𣺡˵㻹ǣֿп޵ĶĿٶҲûðֵܣЩûɡ
ʲô£Īŭһۡ
ҾͿһЩƶǮġҲһ¶ļֵһ˼ƹѾܺˣ̰ᡣˣȥǶıһ
ĪѾǿŭˣȭͷýĿѾﵽˡĪĻĻӦԼ˵ıҵĵӦöߵģ֮ô˵ΪˣûıȻ⣬ȥһ¡
ȻĪ˱Ѱ˼ԼʶлʶչЩ̣Ǿû˵
Īļæȥֻһ·ߣҪѴܹ˸˦Ҷ̫ˣִһĪģ˦ߵߣĪͬʱҲڵϴһžϢĵ׵ķΧڣʲôȥ
Īļ㲻ˣƺԼǰʵղھŻѰҿĲɣ
ǺǣǹģΪܸõļǮϺõҩֱӿżɽ˳ִӴ֮óһƱ񵤣ػ굤ҩ֮һ
Īļ⣬ʱϲ񣬶Ը߼ԼеĶæҪҩԽԽãԽԽãгƷĵҩҲС
ΪҪպɱɲھͰѵҩˣֻǻҩȥǴӺ屦ġ
а֣Ʒ׵ķ;Ѿʹ߻ܵķɡдһƷǺһЩȽеľǿʯյȫգԴȫҩá
ĪĿŴԶԼЩļֵҩֵĸҩɲΪԼǸɵӣôԼʵƺЩֵˡ
ЦЦ˵ʵЩҪһæҸҩôżҪҩҲȥˣҶǸȡ裬ֽ˶Էȼü֮ҳԿһЩûʲôҲΪҳԿˡ
ĪʮָмȦͷһϹлҵȷһЩҩȥˣЩҩУݸߣģԤϵĻҪáû뵽ϣĪһݡ
˵꣬ĪľҪݣ㼱æĪģ㲻ˣһһС
˵ģĪľƴǡ
㿴˿ԶС̯λҼҶʱԼЦҸʲôͲҪ˵а֡
ĪҲǴˣҲûʣͷӦ˷ֿ֮ĪʦȻҵļҶϣĪΪȻߣڻʶҵļҶǺ۸Ī޸ƼġĪȻĻû·̫Ϣ
ҶҲĥ͸ҲֻʵĻȥߴܹܣ˴һƷǡܹҲɻֵֹͽʿĶ˵ʲôأ
ܹҶϿ˼飬ȷûбѣʵأ
شܹܣ֮ͱŲ
ܹܵͷȥȴǽһҶǰ˽зܹܵͽܣΪѾʮߵȽѾôܹܵ洫ܹ˵Ǹ㣬ƺЩŹ֣ڵʱȥչڸʲôҪ˷֡
ʦһʮȽѾʿܸʲôءΪȻ
ܹȴǱҪöˣ߳ȵû£ܴǷ
ƲƲ죺ֻʲôֵģֲˡٺ٣ʦ˼ұȥȥˡ
ĵܿͱ㷢ˣҪչ޸а֣ôûзأ㻹һ죬ʮ֧ͲСͥԺΧ任ĪǷҲ˵ãϤ֮ͨǶ㿪󷨡
úһֱͥԺı仯ܿͷֵϵǳӡˣֿˣʶ֪Էͨ˵ã
֪ܿиΪ͵ڶ͵Լ
Էܱܿ󷨵ģر첻סһƽϣ˿ڿ¯Ҫ޸ҵа֣Ҫڶ˵ӵи֮ʯҪ޸ʱ
Ƿ̽Բ⣬ɱұǾ鷳ˡ
һƿ¯ĻһѰ˼ŶԷĿģԼ˶ԷλãֵĻǲЧ¶ԷͷСɱԼˣǿɾˡ
жĲأ˼ȥǾü޸бֱȽףԷҲһҪƷ׵ķҪɱԼҲȴԼ޸һ̡ԭƴ޸ãȴҪһʱˡ
Ϊٶ޸ĻĲСҪ޸аֵʱ߳ɵսҲбֵ޸ʱ
ʱһһĹȥ㲻ӡĴб֣ͬʱҲø־Ǿбֵ¯ԭ˵ʶӡ
ʱһһεĹȥһֱⷽĶ򣬶ͬ㣡ԭΪûʲô˲֪Ǳһŷֱ̫ˣȻ޸Ʒ׵ķ
ĸ嶼Ҫ˲ţΪƵƷ׵ķʿࡣ
޸ˣֻ֤ƵƷ׵ĲѰģˣҲǺܳġ
ɫ״̬ܺãӵ߳״̬һ鵤Լ״̬һѵ״̬ҲһʺƵĲôԴӻ
һ¯ѾʼҡˣбֳױѾ֮ˣҪԼոʱһֱſעӵķҲ쳣ţǱģ
Գָ磬ΪԼȻ֡
أȻ¯ĸӱؿ˫ֽӡߣ𡢴ľ̫ˮȱ𡢻
ͻ¯б֣ͻȻŲͬɫĹâ۵Ĺ⻷Ĺ̶αв㿴һ۱ιڰյб֣ҲǸһֱļһҪˣ㲢ҪȿŵΪ
ֱӺһȭ򵥴ֱ֮ҵֱ֮ƿ󷨣ȥüëһʮߵȽѾ


2210 ǧͷ
㿴棬ΪԼѣװԼͶɹأҫֱɱ˹ȥΪȻЦһƷ׵ķ𣿡
ҲǴȤ԰˾ôȳϺÿ͡
ô˵ֿɲţޱȣŵĽ裬֮նҲ֪Ʒ׵ķӲҲóԼķɽͽƽ㿳ϣ
ָһҡ𡢴ľ̫ˮȱ𡢻ֱӱ䣬ڷϡüͷһ壬ǿаըԼֱƮɣʵʲô
иıҪ𣿡㿴һб֣ҪȥգͻȻһƾᣬỷŷڲһȦȻһٹͼоˣһӦܲݾ֮ڵİٹһɾ鷳ˡ
һЦ㷿ڵĿռ䣬Ѿҵͼˣʲô涼֪ˡҾЦˡҸ翹Ұͼ֮еһԱ
һ֮£ͼ߳һ뺷
ɱһƼ˵㲻ٳɵҳһڻϢϢǱ˽ȥ˷ҪͼһϢ
δӽԷڵѰӰķƲʲôȻͣϵľٶ쳣Ĵһ֮ɫҲ߻ԣԲӦ
ҧҧ촽һƣâһһɫСУƭǷ鱦ģһԻá
͵͵޵ĴȻеһףΪһ⣬Χ
㱩¶Լǰľһ䣬һĺ׵ʮžӨѩ׵Ӱݺݵ
ǷִүɱȣȻһεת˹Ȼһ̧֣һ޴ĻɫѪգۼͽ͵ϮıǹžžĻķ飬ٵֱ趯ĺնȥ
Ϊڱ󣬲Ȼô趯أˣֻСϷѡ
ͬʱȻһ֣һɫҫΪٶֶ̫̣ǣƸɫ䣬ֻһϿֲʢӲ
첲ϸĽһ֮£λʮߵȽѾʿǰЩĵվȣüͷȻǿγɵĻ赲סˣ
ǳˣȵʱ
ɾʱ㻯⣬һһͻ㾹ƾճ˷࣬˫ֽһѽɫ޽ݺݵб
·ĴƮݰ
ս֮Ҳ÷ΪͷۣƺֶܶͨΣ˵Ĺ죿
Ȼ𾪣һץԱߵɵƻϵȴ˼ȻһǣҪӲľ޽
γɵһȦϣȻһͨ
Цһ򵥰÷ˡͼ߳һ֮УڷǰʧȥϢ֮ǰʮָֻʮ룬ȴۡƿʮϸ˿ɫͻȻ֣ܳݺݵĴ˹ȥ
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ʱŰǣҪЩͳͳԼģʡĲ֪˰㡣
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ʱЩˣڶԷ֮ϢͻϮ뱻ŷأƺȡʤӣȻ磬ʤƮݣʤӵн
δȡĴֵָĽâһŵĳǰϬޱȵ令֮С
Ϊ׵ĶĥЩƷȫıŰҲ䵭˺ܶ࣬νϡ
ɫɷޱȣ˸ͼѸٽܵˡɢȥȴû㣬ͻȻʶʲôһں棡
ʵɢȥʱĵܵıˣͻȻҪ˺ϡ
ϾʮߵȾʿڽƻһǣ͸е˲Ҳ˲ȡʲôȻʹһ㡣
ʱһɫĽâ߶һֻѪ˴Ƭͬʱһֻɢţһ룬뷽֮ڡ
÷ʹġϡһһĲ˵ϣͷһףûʵʵİţǻзء
ΪдʵҲ硣
Į˵ӦΪԼôöңһôըĽͷˡһʼӦɢǱҴ˲ô
Ĺƿɲ˵ͣˣӰһ´һڳצһ̧Ѫӷ弱
㻹а֣ǺڲͷɫľģٴٻͼڵĹ֣æǴܹܵͽܣ㲻ɱң
Цˣ֪ΪʲôΪԼ˵ԼһѵƵپƽɵ
ͣ£ΪӦˣҲޱһֽ˾޴Ľ⽣ţͣײŷΪϡˡꡱĦ̶֮֮òԼıƴˡ
ģһ£ķɽͶˣƷ׵ķ˵
һѪӾʹлķ֮ڵŰ״̬ԽԽվŵ˫ȶЩˡ
֮£߶ʮһľҪʹٴǿϣж֮ǰı
һӾϷȻѹϵľ޴ѹ˲ϵһˡžİˡ
䲻ŵĿУͽȻʧӰ٣ὣһȡ˷ͷͬʱҲ˵ϣһ૵Ԧ治װ
Ʒ壬շҵ֮һѪȵɱ¾Ҳͬʱ㣬оԼָˣҳɹͻʮ˵ȽѾ
һʿ˷ҵ֮ҲʮߵȽѾѣ㲻ͬǺͺΪһģʮߵȽѾõ֮ǱøǿˣʵʵѾͻʮ˵ȽѾ
ֲʹö޷£˵ĽѵһȽľءˣҲʮָˣ㹻Ҫ˾սˣ죬Ҳپ¡
ֻʿȽ⣬ǵΪòϵŬãͨɱ¾ãɱһϾϵǿߣ˶Էҵ֮㻹Ǵ򲻹ġ
˳б֣ͼ㲢ϲֻһ鱦ÿֻٻһͷ΢ߣɴԺٵİɡڸΪҪǣǧǣ
ҪøǿգǷ°ͣ


2211 ϲ͵
һѻ𽫷ʬջ٣˳ְĴЦˣֻûжٶһǾǶҩȥһʱ䣬Ҫˣʮֺкϡĵҩ
Сıܣѵҩ߳⣬ɫ˲ãʶһɨ֮ڣҶѾǶɸģƺû˷֧ߵ״㲻Լķˡ
˼ȥĸطױܹܷأϾԼɱͽܣܹܲҪԼҲһʰԼŪŪٲ˵ġ
ѡ˶û˾סķڡ
ع鱾֮󣬾һֱ£ͥԺû˵ģŴҲע⣬ֱ˽ȥҲûʲôطȥԭͥԺҲֻȨ֮ƣһ㹻ˡ
ôȴ˼ѵЧַܹܷȥһҹûлȥ㣬ȴû˫˫ʧ٣
ܹܿɲôΪ֧ҹӣԲ뿪ֻ㻻˸طѣһѲ飬ǻģֻһܹܣ˵ΪѲҵˣȻֻ֧Ͼӡ
ܹûа취ֻܵˣս죬˶Ϳˡ
Ҳר־ڻǣ¯ĶǻɵŨǧǣȻһƷʤ󣬶ΪָҲ˼á
һĿǱޣо׭֮ɶЩһָʶøΪǿٸоӴ֣ըëͨ͸Ǳøǿ㳤һֹǾˣ㲻ǸѼϼܣҲʶȤһϳɡ
һ磬ѾصԼͥԺȴǷ˹ûþһ㻹ûȥޱ𾪵ļУûʲôսǣǱЩе£ıɱ
ܹܵ˵С㣬ǰǽ֪ڴҶأϢܹ˭ɡ
ǲܽ翴ļҶѾߣֹǡ
ԴܹܵˣЩҶǶֻ֣һԿķݣоһΪ֧ĶС㣬Ȼ޷ӻԼļҶ
Ȼܹܵ˷һȣ缱æعͷȴǿѾˣȻ˳ŵЦݡ缱æǰס㣺㣬㲻ȥ
Ҳ㣬Եһ£ñ㣬㡣
İڰ֣ģһûµģһЩĹӸ磬򲻰㡣ܹ߰ɡˣͽܷл㣬ѾķԸȥˣϣŵԣչļˡ
Ļ䶼˾㵣ߵһ䣬˾ôܹƺʲôܺ¡
ܹܳ綼Ҫ֪ģҲûǵ˵棬˴ܹһѡܹܲ˵ɷȥİɣܹܻûع˼Լͽˣɱģͣ
㲻ܹ˵ĻᣬˣƺңܺңҲˡܹԸһøɴأ޴
ܹɫһһףߵԷй涨Ҷ֮䲻޹ʶŹû¸ʲôҪɱ㣿Ƕҵμԣˡ
ʵܹܾĻܶԣҪԸֲԼǸǷ뵽ӵȻǲǷˣԼһܹܵҲֻ°ˣôء
˴ݣ˶ЩԾƺ֪°ǷҲûп㵣Ҫߵı飬Ӳˬˡ
ҴſڣȴǻˣϾǷ£ô֪ܲأӹһҶʲôģҲͲȥˣԼΪɱһжŪộʵЩףΪ˿Ĺʵ֮бҪҪһ
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ʮ˵ľٿ˶ޱݣǸʳ۹ӡүС㣬ΪߵǿߡЩ˶棬ʮȽѾǷ㣬δſ
ĺ磬ȴ˶Ҫ磬ϾǱսߡֻ֮󣬻ҪȣΪʤĹȴǻûȷǳսȺϡڴſǲмֶԸ㡣
㲢û̫Ҫ󣬱ʾʲôضܽܡ
һ֮أ㾲λϣĿǰȻģͷ·һλʿˣɢһֻȻɵĸϢϢЩǿһðľһЩһҲһȲѡ
ǸǷǰΪľе۷Ʋһս˵ʣôļ֤£ҪַƵԼҲ
ԽڣԽѹֲסķŭ
žſڴһɧ˵Ŀȫܵһ㣬ڴȥ
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İɣӲ־СڵˣԣǱʾҵĹעϾ֧ˡ˰ο
Ҳߵݸ̨ƺִĿĸоվ֮ΧҲ׷ײ˵ֻӸλض뿴ҵһҶսšҵſشҲ֣ΪһҶ˵
㣬ҹӳ˵߻Ŀ⣬ҲԼһԼαˣǻˣӮˣҪҵģԻҪһֵ֧Ĵӡ
΢Ц˹ȥˡ
Ц㣬ǴҶܺ棬ΪʲôҪſսսܸǣ
ЦΪҵһͨҶȴʱ˴Żʳ֮УģңֵһᣬҾú衣ұǴǷ˾顣
㿴˿һԵЦǴүΪõҵұѴٴܣ޻˵ҷսԭ򵥡
˵ֳ꣬һƬȻ׷ָ˵š
Ҳʮָˣû뵽ϵǸ֮ģϧ˰£Ӧò
ӵͷȻţҪ֤ҵǾͿʼɣбѡսķʽϾ˵ΪֻʮȽѾơ
ȻһЦ֪һֱǾϾΪֻƽʱϲ͵˲֪ѡ
ʲôĻһƬȻٷַ׷˵Ҿ˵Ŀɲô򵥣ԭһһֱڰԻ
ǵúÿˡ
۷׷ףΨǷľǾϾΪôܣƭ˭
ȻҵʱȽϽţǵӵĻһϰɡ
һƬȻſ˿ˬ̬ȣߺһϣɱ
̫ˣô


2212 һ֮
㾭һϵΪѾʮŵȽѾҲǾϾڣͬĶ֣Ȼʲô
šҵΪȻоϾʱ򶼲ɵεȻΪڰԻҲΪǺٻҾϣżɳԸµʿ
ݴ֮ϣ㿴˿ˣȻֵܣ˶Ƽ䲻ں
Ƿֵʱȴ쳣ˣĵġֵΪʮȽѾˣ൱ھϾڣɲѰְǶǱżΪѵһţڶͨҾг˿һҪߣˡ
Ƿһֱſı飬Ǵûʱżֵ֣ܳ鲻ԽĿ㣬Ȼֵ΢ЦǷʮջΪʲôΪʲô˴ţ
װģһװģǷĿһܴ㣡һ
ĹֵֵܾˣϣҴ㡭
һЦУǿЦ
ǾͿʼɣһſھʹ˶Щͻأ
ĺƿն˶һۣôֵļ֤£ҪǶһֶԸһ߽׵ȷЩˡ
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⴦۹ķѾʽɣ˵ܹסʥʦֵĶԺ䡣
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дһ˿飬Ʒ׵ķɵģһ֮˲ǰγɡɲܾ˰Լ߳˶ླ磬ҪܾˣȥǶġ
ɫ˲佫ڣ̺ɱһƬƬռ˺ѣǿУȻһ󵭵ĿռŤǿҵĽɱ֮Ȼ֮ףҲԿ⡣
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Уе㣬ֳֽĽһ𡢰ĹâХųİΧȦ֮Ʒױļͣ˲Ϊ֧ķֱɱ롣
ƾЩ֮һ裬˲䷴Ӧͬʱֳ鴤ԼıɽĽüëһķӦܿ죬ִҲǿ

ײϾڵǿ̺ǿҵ֮ͬȻɽ麣Хӿӿ뽣ڡ
ǿײһ壬һ죬ε˲Ľɢҵ֮˺Žǿȡһ鱦ɽһײ֮䣬ǻ˲䱻˴˼䴫İηۡ
Ʒ׵ķɽ⣡ǿᵽ޷ķ֮Խ֮ϴս˲ѣѪɽҲǹɷ֮޵ĽֱӶѣ֮ıѪ˳ȥ
Ȼû˱޵ķɽҲֻЩСˣϾǿ߸磬ϲĳƻҲһĵġıʱܿ£ǿȴһĿɿڴ֮£
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˵Ĺ˼άͺһˣһʿʹ̫ɫˣʶΪýͺʹȻ˴ѡȻƾʲôܿĺɫ
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ˡ
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а֣Уڿǵصİ׹⣬һֻƷļ¶
а־ͳԴȥ


2213 
٣Ҳ̲סˣԼֵȥæԼķɽҪа֣뵽Ĳ֡
ڵϵĽʶ֮£𣬺ХĽ˲佫ĿʳηۡеаûĵԴ֮ϣؿڣֱӰɣδ˵Ӱ˵˼ʮ⣬ýסлŹ켣Ľ
ŨѪԤʾһλʮȽѾİܱ
Է뾺ϵͻϮ潻棬ٵ㶪̽Ϊ㷸˺ͿƾаƷѹƽ֮ܣһеḶֻ́ʮʱ䡣
սʮʱ䣡ĺ޷ӵأ
ʹ˱Լǿ߸ģ˿ֲսΪǿߣҲ޷
˾Ľ𺳰ڵǿߡһʱ䣬ԭЩҵľ·ʩչȫ㣬˲һƬ֮С
㳤һղŵһҲľ޴ıͨһһҲУͲ֪Լӵаֲ˷ɾͲô׶Ըġ
㲢ûɱģɱ֮ˣֻǶļ߹ǶѣĿѪȥ˵ĸоǱԼɱˡ
˫ͨ죬ŭ㣡Ҫ
ţżҵҺס䣬Ҫȥܵܰɣû
һ㶣æ㣬ܵһȥ
ӵĿ㣬ʱϢһ£һ³ѡ
һϲǸԼָʱһǾ仰ϲһҲУһҲС
Ʒ
ԭһֱźͰЦݵĴӣһ׵İɫâϵЦ˲ԼŻʳӣҲֻǼѣȴӵС
ֹκЩ֪Ʒ׵ķΪ֮ȫһݵĴͣ·еĶ㣬һ޷šӵһѾۺˣӵ
ļһʱ˴֮һۣ˱˴֮֮ɫҲӵеƷ׵ķȴҲֻһѣʮѵãһҶӵô˵ùȥ
ֿɻʮ갡
ʮ츳ѵˣӵϤһ˲ܶΪҪ˲ţȻôսſڿӵ㣬ݵλ˵Ĳ²Բͬˡ
⻹һҶ
ƾ˶ʮȽѾģȴûʲôˡǰ֮˭ٻʵսԼԼôżġһˡ
һʱ䣬ԭЩˣȫ˼ҲпʼֻһҶӵ£ļֵҶ֪ΪһҶû֧֣¶ױġ
ŵĿ㣬ʶ˶Ŀɿڴ䰢ԭһ磬ȴ򲻹ڷѾˣǾϾΪӵ
һôõģɻĿǱߣӵһѾˡó治֪
ʲôɡôΪ֮ߣֱֲ
뷨Ļˣǰ˼⣬õ˾Żʳʵʶа
ԱߵżҵȹĵƣʱѾμҵվһˣһĽΪеĳȨ棬ȴԼ֮ǡ
ʵ̫ˣɱٲʲôšҵ涼ˣĿɶǾ;Żʳͷ˰μҼɫص˵һᵽμңĸһϡ
ʲôμҵĸʿͬǶǵ衣
ʱȵùġ𣿡һߣһ棬ھͱˣȻУҲûľ鼫ḻѰܱȵġ
ǾӮˣҲ裬ֻȫ
ǾɱˣˣǾû˻ᳰЦǡ
żҼɫصĿ䣬ΰֵܣ䣬ûģûĵĻٽֵæû뵽ôر𡣡
ǿ߸磬ֻҪҲŴӮ
ϾУʱҲָòˣһҼ𣿡
ţŵʱҲֻûǣֱһ
ĥȻôߵˣôˣŸߵһ㣬£ԼҲ˵׼ҲԼҲԼС̵ģҲ½֮һʹɱ֣ϾǷҴүҸƣһҪҵĸɱԼʱΪǺѰ쵽ġ
ôԼչʾԼĲŻʵһ̣˴ӣӵݱҪţˡ
ֻҪԼѪھѩ֮۸ôԼЩˣõЩ˶ϡ
ζеĽһֻаֻ֣ҵĽңɾ͹ֲˡ
дֳ鱦ɽһ
ɽưײ˲䣬ҵ֮ײɢףžķ죬ͻȻӳڽϣ̺ɱ¾ϢĽ˿ĺݺѹϡ
ͣ
ֲ֮жʱ³һѪͬһ㣬һƬң
ǿ󣡡ɫһ䣺ɣǼΨһӵеһؽѣ
ϾλʮȽѾĸ֣˲䣬ǹڵҵ֮ȫͬʱһȣԼı޵ķɽŰĴڵ׶˳뽣ƺΪһ壬һƵĵ߷壬ͬԵصױɽ飬ѹͷϵĽγ͵ĳ
ĿݣͣΪâʱȴֱǰһ
ۿҪˣͻȻһʧֻնһӰ
һֵı󣬽ļĲϡһʱžһθ죡
ֻǴҲ֪Ϊͣ
Ϊûƿҵ֮γɵĻ֣ϾԼ߸磬Ҫ״ȴҪһЩ۵ģôμҵˣʤһУô˿ţ϶ΪԼˡ
䲻ôΪĿɿڴĿűԼնĲӰһͨƺԿʼÿһͨǵһʹðԼȫκβΪĥõԼ᲻һеնأ
ˣΪʲôԤеõһ
ȻЦܼ򵥣Ϊᣬżǿĳ޷ͷĶҾʹ˸СϷ
ȻһЦл飬ˡ
䳡ʱȫıߵĻҶ˼ŨȤҲǿԼżֵܵĴܷ̾
žǷеĲ豭һӣߵģ
վĴܹܿǷıӰ¶һӵóĸ֡仯ˣǷǵ˰
ţܹܿУμҾȻɳĸˣȻֻǶʮȽѾϵƲ١ѹⶼӮ˰


2214 ˶
šҵˣһصĿ˾㣬żѾܱҲϣμҡ
ҩû˶˲٣Щƽÿóһ޼֮ı˿̶ҪǮһ㱻ʹ˳Ȼоż֮ࡣμĿֻһɱ㣬ΪԼЩ档
ҿˣʮֿʣҲͦߣʵ𣿡
ηһģסʲôǸĹϿ̸𣿡
оŨŨɱ⣬ȻɱԼ㲻мߣżǰֻ֮ҪıԣԼģЩ˾ȻɱԼǾݹԼˡ
㿴˸ղ˵ηţƺҲӵŵμҼʹõġ
ηϴһʿؿһĻף֮У֮⣬ɫĹâҫţƾһʥصϢͬһλݣɢǿѹϢ
ȻηôţҲѷɫ٣ÿжһЩ׭ϴҲһ·
Ȼμҵ˶ʤķ׭Ǵ˿̣ȴûһͶȥЦĿ⡣
ΪǵĶ̫̬̫ˡ
μҲ֮һȻֻһʹõķɽȴ׼Ʒ׵ģҲǼ亱С˷׷׷˸̾ƺһףɽ˫ȭѵְ
ѵһҪȥμ˶۸٣ô㹫ƽսأüͷ㶵ĿУΪʲôüμʩѹǸһһ
̾˿ɵӣԼųǶһϣз𡣶ңЩ£
ڲǺʶȥڣòá綼Ǵſǻ
֣ʱ̱ţôȥաΪʱͲϲҪΪ£ֵأعˣʱ̶أҪʲôĵļֻǶҪ꣡
˵ˣǷҲǷһʼҪǳͷϵ¡εҡҡͷֻԼȥ߹ȥˣȻɻڴ߲Ҳ
˫ֽ󣬲ͣΪ
һΣվ뾺ڣ㵹ûȶ֡Ŀ⣬ֱ䵽ߵϣϢЩҲǵӡ־֡
ֻηһ֣һƤ׭һâʱƲʵƲ㣬˲뾺̨֮أǰӶʱԭء
ܹƻϾǿжĽ֮⣡һЩмʶݳް
սȻһʹŷ׭һ΢һԾһսʤ
֮ɲǣ֣ҵ֮ڷɽ֮һεĲ˲佫˺ѣһɫĹâֱն㣬ֻҪˣ˲ɡδһױȵɭ֮ѾһҪжϵĸоֲһɱ¾ʶԴ
⻹ֹ϶ĽâֵͬʱܺȻȵȼһ˲һɽ̨滯ΪɻҵĻȻɢ˿ֲĸ¡̫ͬģС
𣡡ĽкһԺ־һΣع
аϸ׹⣬һڣе̱ɡ⡣һ˲ĹҲܶˣæ롣
μ˷׷¶ʧ֮ɫηźȵмƷҪҵ֮ԸġеĹŻ֡
Ҷȴôˡ
뵽⣬Ų߳ĲѾͬ˲ƶһ۽һλμҵӵ죬Խ֮䲻׵ľ룬̲ȴ˸оâ̺֮ܣ·ؼһԱ֮ڣһӳΪ֮ϡ
ͣϵϲһģ֧飬ֵ׼ɽҲֱӱϡ
ҪѾˣа֣аּٱ󣬱ֱ˹ȥҪһ
˶ɵˣǻͨҹ𣿼Ʒô׽ӵ𣿵ǲϣٶһСˡ׵ηźһȥϣְС
ֻηŸ߹ԼǼˣͨͼƷ֮ĲҲǼģοֻһѣΪΪѾǾϾʵ֮ѾһʮŵȽѾˡ
Ҳ˵ߵʵʲ಻һѣֲ࣡
㲢ûԸСģôôҪԼķɡаܵҵ֮۵Ȿʮǿ󣬶Ҳܰһǿķʹá
һײηα޴ĳײõɳȥ˿ӵеηűɣˡ˵õĸһϣڱôأҿ˦аֵʱ򣬾֪˦ֵĶ
ǰɸ㶨ġ䣬μҵ˵㰡
˱ŵöһ£֪ԼĻˣֱӶ죬䣬Ҫȡͷ
캦¹麦£вôԴСһ޵ķһ޴㶦ȫԦ޶ͼֵĳ
̺֮׵һصľ޶֮ϡ
޶ϵĹâһҲ˲ȥ֮һ俪
ϵķ˾޶⣬ǻһμҼʹ͵ķǡ֮˲ľ޶ɵ䵽ʱվǺˡ
׼μһǱడʶһɨʱηŲŸովһ˲Լ
һ
޷Ʒ
ڹǰ
μҵҲߵ챳˫Ƴĺ󱳣˵ҵֵ֮ס
ȻҪ˺ǿֵݳ˶ѾˡΪ˹ȻֵסˣǱƵòˡѾն߽ˣҲֹѵļ
ηڸ˹˵ҪҪñųǵķ֮һԾ׷а֣ͬʱݺݵ
žһ׳ηϵǼףٴߵķݱɿȥ


2215 һս
μҵĵױƻ֮ʤѾֳˣڴڵĴŴҲоϾΪûлָ̫࣬ڸǿȵս޷̫ãһž鵤Լָࡣ
ԭΪҪٴ򣬿μѾǷֿˡΪдڣμҼвҷԱԼΨһĵףȻƨҲҷһ̧˵ηžߡǶļ޾ӡˡ
żҾġ̫ˣȻ飬صǿÿʾΪһȣ˵һϲΪˡ
зҼҶսſһҲͽˣ˶ʼңҵôһ֣ʵ̫ˡԺɳȻһ
Ҳоƣ밡ҪȥӦʹӣ֪֮ԼΣӲ£Լصֻ֮Ǿٲά裬ȿ϶˸ԼҪؽôõķɽ㻹治뻹ȥ
ЦǺǣӭ㣬㣬ãܺãȻӢܣӢۡ
㲻ԵлޣֻЩ
㲻ҪǫȻҪʵҲͬҪ㣬̿ڷһתһԵҸоһʣҪϥ̸ɷأ
æңҶԴҶһǺܿƽȵġ԰ɣ㣿
ЦЦ˵ĺܶԡ
֪Ҫ£ԼԼ͵һɽѡ񣬴Ӹҵ˲ͬǾŻʳδ̳ˣܶ˫۾ҵ˵ôֱӵȡԼҴҲԺԶĴ㡣
Ǿϻʵ֮󣬱ȻҪԼɣԼĴְɣΪӻԼδĴ£
Ŵӵ˼ҲԼĴ㣬ŻʳԼҲҪٴһʱ䣬ҸŴӻһʱҲǲУӸһġ
ڶνʹżȻ߻ӵйЩʧĿǸطȻû˿ֲħƺ˰
ЦЦ㣬˵£˵ģЩѡŮġ
һͻоܱ֪ĸо
Ӻ˹ģЦҲر˵Ĭæýţûκ˼ʵߵҪɽ٣ҾʮֵģΪߵħɱ¾̫࣬ҵ֮۵ر죬ζɽ٣úܸߣҲѹ󣬺һ챻ɱˡ
û뵽һʰҴһЩܵŮʳƻ㻹治СġӵĻޱȣǵĴӣǵ߻ӷԼĺ£᲻ء
ӵ㲻õģ֪˶ѾˡˡЩŮô뿪˻ʳء
ݣһۣ濴ţĵô
ӼҲ㣬ߵΪһ磬һڶأڻʳˣʧȥһľУһҾҪúøл㡣û뵽ңһ˳ɫ
ЦЦˣܶɺ϶ѡܰﵽҲûʲô͡ԺкܶطҪ̴ӡ
ӹЦ㻹治ǫ顣ǳͣҴûһϾˣܴܸԼ߸Ķ֡вŻˣȥﶼǳġ
ӵйѾƽдĹŮ̫̺򣬴ӵҾͿһˣǺú̸̸̸ʲôУֻҪٻȥˡ
ȺȾƣЦˣ治¡
ǰű¶ŮŤˣɫϼѵŮƵƵƣ˿Ϊۿҵ˰ôҸء
ЩŮ綼ȲϣһȤûС
ƹѲӼ㻹ǺȲ಻סˣ㰡ȻҵˣûȤһ죿ҴӱûУȨƻеġһ죬֤ǰ;ֵļֵӵ󡣡
ٱЦ͵ȴ仰ԺǴˡ
ãļĵڿϴӦˣԼ׼ĸֱû˵ˣǼҶʵҪ󲢲߰ɡ
Ļĵģʳ֮ڣаָǼƷļ嶼ûУô᲻֪ԼԴŶٰѵأ
»ҪǷҪôСԼڻᱩ¶أ˵ģǴ򲻹ĺģϾĲ಻ôֲġĺͬӵǴӳӮˣҲǻḶۡ
ھݳԵʱͿ֮Լô죬νóԼʵǿ¶˵ʱҿúôҪġ
ߵӮ˱ԣɹϹ
̸ңӼǷжģͬʱҲġԺǨǾҪܷˡȻˣҪʲôҪ󣬴ҲǾġ
ҹʱ򣬴ӺȵҲ⣬ſϵĴӣЩꡣ
ͷͷǳʮֻȥ
ֻݵ廳֮ʰˣ֪ΣգＫƣҪҪʮһȽѣȻŻʳȻŹԼŻʳֻһ壬ұǾŻʳ
ʶԼԼԼķرҪס㣬ȴˡ
Ȼڻʹҹ̫뿪˻ʳǣصҵʱ򣬻չصıչأϢϢҹҲûʲô˳
صԼͥԺʱȴǼڵԼҲܲסƤģſӣ˯ѵ״̬
Щϧĸͷʶ˴ӵˣоԼ˵ġоԴϵŵüæЦٺٵʱڲٽţǽĴһǷȭ
˼һΪ˭ëëأ
ЦһС˼ҶëëžͲˣ
ɫߺ죬ҵ˼ߣ֪ģҲˡ
ŶһȻֹҪȥϢˡȴֲˣοأһŶһûзӦˡ
㣡ôҵһˣûʲô˵𣿡ҧгݣľͷˡ
ЦǺǵĻͷ֪ҹġ˭ô̹ϡ
Ĺ죬ĵʵûˣ
ӵˣԺô̧ͷˣţʵأȭ
ĻϲСȭͷȭֻȭͷһûСȻӵס㣬סĺ󱳣ҲЩͻȻ
ֻĵ˵㣬Բ𣬶Բ𡣡
Ľ㣬Ҳ˼֡οⲻû㲻õǸ
ǶΪңŻܵôΪѡһöûУǶ档Ҵô鷳ԹԼʲôܸ㣬ڱң㣬Ҷ㲻߳䳡¡
ڲǺúõôˣǷΪҿɲˡ
ҡҡͷ˵ؽˡˣҵĴүʰˣӶԽӼӴûأ˵ڵʵδشù㰡
ڨЦⲢûʲôֵø˵ģֻǲ֪ôԼˡ


2216 й
һ磬㲢ûбټҲûбҵںȥЩ⣬ѵҵ˶ûȤԼؽ˼û𣿻Ƕ˴أ
ʱ֪ŻʳĻʵ۳ˣһ춼糯Ȼҵ׼Ƚϳ㣬ΪϢʵۻûĺúõģڼˡȫӦԣʲôѱûС
μҺżΪЩطòãһûվλöҡڲʵһЩд󳼡ʾ
ʵٴγ֣оŻʳҪ̫ƽˡ
ϣҵĶǲŻһɫأƺûҪ˵ĿܣӦǷ˱Ƚϴ¡Ҳõ˴ӵż㣬Իʵɱ˼Ϊֻĳи֡
˵վŻʳҪٽջʳսΪջʳŻʳıԵѾ˼СҲǵƬط뵱ұԶԵйĽŻʳĻʵڰ಻סˡ
е˼һֻҪ˹ͣͻӹٽѼҶݡ
㵹ǾʳĻʵƺĿǰΪ;磬ҪţǾҪǿǴᵽջʳƺڱ߾ɧţû˼ʮ⣬ѲɶԷԣֻ̽
Ӧòִ̽£Ͼ˾Żʳŭ𣬱ȻҪǿսģû㹻ĺôŶԡûͨ͸ɴ಻ȥˡ
ôһصĵطҪôƫһҪôɱ¾ǿҪɽ٣ȴЩѡ֮ǿû㹻ǿķ޷ġŻʳ
յţʵҪǿһ޷ֹҲҪΪԼ룬ǿԼԶǷǵأҲҵ֮ǿҪǿܻΪӵʣԼдӦܻ쵽ֻܶ࣬ҪӵǣԼܸĻָΪˡ
ŻʳջʳҪйս²ûжҪˣΪԹŻʳһζãܿͼ˻ʳ
½½ĸ
ǵͷͷԿɲĽоϾΪܶ඼ǽʮȽѾкܶ඼ʵӲ񣬶ɱ¾õ춼ǹӲġ
Ϊʵ۵ƽʱõʵ۱ӣڻʵҪԶйȻ˵ÿнǧ˵Ķ飬ҡμҡżĻʳ壬Ķ࣬ǧˡ
صԱһʿ
ʿͨľӣΪ͵ҲʮȽѾ
һ֮󣬽ʿڱ߾ᣬֻǾŻʳһкܶǿûûвУֹܱߵʳû١
Ϊʿ֮ĶսƴǷǾ磡˶˲ãֻջʳ˶࣬ʶŻʳҲŶѣΪʵûԳʵԳֻҪһЩ־㹻ˡ
ΪʲôǸͯʵ۲˾ץ͸ˣҲûȥ룬ֹҪЩֳһҵ֮Լܷһأ
߾֮ϣ˫ΧһշٵСչ⣬˫ǲ̽·ûĴ
ŻʳӵһλΪѾﵽʮȽѾʿҲΪŻʳĴ󽫾ʮֽҲܳס·ͷͷԹܺµˣ䲼־Ǹջʳ⽻ֶΣǳŻʳΧ
ջʳȴǺ޻ظɵʹҲûлȻǱɵˣ֮ûʲôý̸ˡ
Ӫկ֮ڵԵЩһɫĲ˵ҲУϾдпɽսǰûС㡣ΪһҶҲлۡ
Ľüʲôˣ˧Ϊγٳٲջʳ˾ս
һۣѾɳȫϢʧˣһٶ˰һǰӦǧףÿ˶䱸˴ѶΣֱӷźųҲһȥûκϢ
ҲΪԾ˼ǣÿһ򣬱ֵ˲ˣųѶķ׭ôܣǾʵҲܰɣ
˵ɫҲ֪ǿ϶ˣųżҵң͵˵ףʵû򵥡ΪÿɳˣǻһΪܶСӵģ̽ϢҲǷֿ¡ȫϢĨɱҪĻǲ̽ķΧܹ㣬Ǽһط
ڳĸǶһĿ֮ɫͷΪԼջʳǵǶôֲ˰
ͳ˧Ҳһ˿ü֮⣬һϢûУҲ´̣һ
΢΢Щƺ뵽ʲô˵ֻǵ޿֣ðǸǺţͼı
ͫˣΪΪ̫ͣδҲǴƽѣʵ˼ǣС˴ĸ֣ⲻܣ۸֣ǾŻʳҲһࡣ
ɫƽ޲ȻЦǸ֣ҿ϶һΧ󷨣пܰ˴𴦣һɻһЩ㣬һǧ˽ȥûһźŵġһǷźţȴǲǵ߷Χˡ
󷨣㣡
ڳ֮˶һ㶣׷׺ȻĽĿҵϡΪд˵Ĵʦֻǵˮƽ˵ЩˡȻ˵ʾпܡ
һЩǿ󷨵ӣôһ˶ɫҪ֪ȥ̽ѰΧܴմ˿Էײ˶󷨰ĵö޴󰡣


2217 Ӱɱ
صѯʵǸǺã
ͻȻһʿһͨͳ˧ǰ֮ϳּһ󣡡
󣿲ǽķɣ
һĪΪմʱͻȻһǰ뵽Ŀܣ͵شλվȥ
ֻ֮ϣֳɫ⣬н˸ûһʮֺÿĹâճתۺִƶ˳̶£ʱʧˡ
汦󰡣ǰ콵һģһ
ϵɫȻԭˣѹ־ùˣ
㣬֪Щʲô˵˧һ͡
˻֣תͳ˧կȥַǵļϸ˵ɡ
ܿ죬˰ԼλȫãĿⶼϡǶЩŤΪߣȴû˿⡣ʵҲܹǣŻʳҲʲôʳЩ˼ʶޣûм챦Ҳ£ʶ㣬Ȼܿƶߡ
֪ôˡղյʵرףⱦҲһջʳ˴εжδҪǾŻʳĿӦþⱦ֮ϡǶǱ߾ܾˣһֱû룬ⲻԾһӣǶƭˣɳʹҲɱˣҲΪʲôǲ̸еԭ򡣡
һڸͫ΢ܹıֻһЩż֮û뵽ȻģȻǾŻʳֵıȻ
ڨЦЩ˭ļ˭ģǱ˭ȭͷ˭ġ
һߺߵҲܰװ׿űУһҪôˣҾͲŸ㲻һ󷨡
ţһӣʱҪ̽Ȼֻװʿ˹࣬ƴʱ鷳ˡ
֪󷨵ס˵󷨣ʮʿҲǻ٣󷨲ɱ¾ջʳʵάǿ󷨣ǰ漸ǰ֮ôݣСľһô֪ݺ󲿷ǿˣҲˣ˼СΪãȻǸĿŵȻ̡Ҿûȥ̽һĺá
̽飿ӣЦĳȫһȥˣЩʿǾͨĸ֣⻹ô̽飡
ݵ΢΢һЦξȥɡʵҲԼСžţˣȡԶǻԼˡ
㣿ʱĬѡΪ󷨣ڰУʲô£ӲŹԼģ
ɣμҼҲͬ⣡ô᲻֪أ飬ôȻзĵط
ֻĵλɲһļͰִ󷨣ҲоȥɡϾջʳĿҷֵģȻҲȥȷϣһݹͣҴһ̵ףμǳд󳼣ͲҪСҶһЩᡣ
⻰˵ʮԲ޷˵˼ʵӮһǴӵƽˣӵʵҲСӡ
޳ȥҪһͬ
żҼҲ˵Ҳ޳ɡ
ļˣһЩҡڲҲ׷Ȱ˵Ͼؼͳ˧ô˶޳ǰȥ̽Ҹְɣ˭Ըһȥ
̽˾ǹһʧ˾·һ󰡡һЩС˾ͲԸıͷ
˵һѡΪҲףΪҲ
ʵżټˣ
ȥ˴ȴ˳һȻԾЩ㵵ĿԾԾľ羹ȻԼҪһ
ƺԭΪұܷģϧ߻ӱзˣƺûˡԾҲûʲô¡
ԾΪıĽȥ˾Żʳʶ
ЦĻûɻʶ
Ծ΢΢ȻʶйԼءĻҲû
ͳ˧ȻˣǶ˾̳
˷񱼣ʩչٶȼ죬ԵҲͽٶ·̣Ƭ̹˱Ŀӵģŷ˽Ų
˫Ŀ΢΢ǰԶĻǿ֮ϡ̼䣬һʶĴɢֹȥ
ʶܿӵ֮ڣһ赲޷֡Ȼ󷨵
ߣ˫һϣ˸ӡһĨһͫ
˫һѪɫصͫ͸󷨣ܿ쿴ڵΡһլСݣȫģûаСĽֵϣ˵ȫʬ壬ԭס񣬻вǰɳȥĳ
ȻЩȫУԭסҲȫ¾ϳĿ֮⣬ûκһĺɽ
ͫ׻ָһƬ˼
Ծ̲סʵ֣Σͨ󣬸ղſʲô𣿡
΢΢һ룬ƽˣСһˡ
Ծգ⣬С򶼱˰ôȥǸΪ𣿡
㿴ǰӣ˵δأҪĸӡЩˣǰӶʮƽǿʲôӦͱɱӣӦԼô֪ҪСġ
˽֮ᵽ£ʼһĳСȥܿ죬ƺԽһֶ֪Ѿ֮ڡ
֮ڣľȻͫһģһֻӵĴĿģЩѾ˺ܶʬѾʼˣҲûʰҳĶζɢΪŻµĲˡˣҲǷ׷üͷ
㳢ԶһŷȴǷֱֵˣ޷ȥǹϢȫޡ
ЩҲԾһºˣȴֱһƻѾ뿪ˡֵֻмһһˡ
˱߱㿴һĻĻĿĵĳ棬ɫȴԽԽأ˵ɱЩˣΪ˲Ϣй¶ĵľǣЩ򵽵ôģ㿴ϵˣֻǲϵһĨ죬û˿ˣ޶ҲôɱɣÿӳΪʮǿжʮȽѾ
᲻ǽʱжˣԾסʲô
µĲ͵ͣסƺһɹ΢Ϣ˷ԽԽǿԽԽԽ࣬ĿһɫȻȻޣ
ԾȻȥȴʲôûз֣ʲôﰡ
Ӱӣ㿴ӰӣѾˣɫһ䣬˲ԾӰһն˲ԾӰӾһΪӦһӰӵ˳æܵһԵӰ
ԾŵɫҰףղΣԼӰӶվˣҪԼ֪ҲԼһ
Ծɫ࣬ʵޣӰҲޣ
ݵ֮治СЩӰӣȴӵ֮ϢĴκӰ֮УֻƶʱŻɢϢסһʶģȻǻ۲ߣɱ˻Ƕġ
Ծʱ̹עԼӰӣֻЩ򶼲֪Щ޵о޵ǰȴǲ֪ȻͱϢɱˡƻ޷찡
ЩӰ޻ܷѣ˶ǰ״֪ǵĴڣپ١
дһŵڵϣһӣк߾ͻע⵽֮ĻҲܾˡ
ԾܵĵĿԼӰӣһЦʲôûղЩӰӶҸǽǺΨһǿǳ䲻⣬˷ǵɱֶΣǾûʲôµˡ
Ծȴһǣ˵ǼȻǻ۲ߣôΪڲݣôͲôˣҪӱСĲС
ͷһǰһҶţֻҪЩӰһ춯˾͹ԼӰӡղΪЩʬ֮䣬Ӱ߶֣˶ߵʱ򶼲Щʬ壬ûӰȴôױˡ
ߺߺߣΪҵӰô׶Ը˵ģһرķЦý¡


2218 Ĳ
ЩӰ޵Ϣһαţ˶Ľ䱸ܣȻһźɫӰŲӷӵӰʬӰӴ˳ЩʬĶ
ԾһָһŽɢЩӰӣӰ̷ֻһСëһĶ߹Ҳ֪ôģŵӰҲһֻüСױУʮҡĳ
ԾëȻЩһֻĻҲе£ֱɱ˾ǡת֮£ǧǵضС˲ͱӰȫסˣ
ɫ춼ǺӰʲôȳ棬˹ĻԾˣһƤ
ģЩӰ޶ʲôôָûһӰӵΪʮȽѾΪֻǻѣĿҲֲ̫˰ɣԾֻͷƤ飬ǧֻ棬ɢϢ쳣ģ
ЦЦû뵽㻹°
£ԾæǶģ¡
ʵЩӰıӰ棬ǴںڰӰһޡʵλȴӴϲʸʬ壬״ơʬѻɽĵط׷ֳѺ۵ĻȷҪ˲ݲ
㿴µӰʱðһӰ棬ѹҪŪ⸱ģԭΪЩкܶմѷҲмϳ棬ʮȽѾΪˡ
ԾƤͷΪ⣬ǵ
ϳЦõģֳǻ۲ߣôģȻָӣǻҪԡֻǳöİˣʲôܺɱģ㿴
𳤽͵ն£һâƿնȥ
ЩӰƺܵΣգ׷˿ڶ࣬ȻʮֻնУţֱӾЩӰ档
ԾҲˣϾˣЩӰ¹Ⱑ
һƺ̼ӰĻߣ׷׷ŭ£Ҫ˵Ӱӡ
Ծ΢΢סҲǿЦѡһĶڵˣǿ㶼ģҲָ£۽⣬
㲻ñң㾡ɱЩӰǡҪ档ĻĲ߻סġֻ²仯ͣϵĶŹеĽ赭дնÿζܾһƬ
֮ܿ£ܿЩӰԽԽˣϵ֮Ҳʣ¼ֻڷɶ˻ĲЦ㻹ʲôӣʹɡüʶʶ
дǸɫѿʹַ޷Ӱӽ˵ӰӣǾɣ
ͻȻһƮͷϵⱻڵ˾һ̧ͷȥʱȻһ
ʱ򣬷־Ȼֻ˶ޱȵӰһÿһӴС͵˷ֻӰʵоϾȻӰеߴڡ
֮һʵΪ̫ˣĵθ﷭Ѭ죬ŻѾˡ¹֮źһЩ૵治֪Ǹݳӵ˵ʲôá
һǱ̬Ծû˵
ֻӰƺЩǻֱۣܹ˵ǿȫž͵ȥҲ֪һԼӰӱϣпԼҲ޷ԼˡԾһҪɱȥӪȣϾģȷ㰲ȫҲ뿪ĻᡣȴһһɫĹ⻪ڿһʢ
⣡
һųž޴Ľ⣬һֱڵϣγһĿƷֻӰȫУҵĹâӰӰӣʹ弱С
ʱСɽһ޴±֮ǰһȺĿһˮ̶ͼ仯Լƺһ
һ˸ľŹһԲ֮ڣɵ·ŰɢھŹһ̫ͼȻת
һ׷ɫصĿͼϵı仯Ե쳣ĳÿһδҪ˼죬ͼϵľ󲿷ѾųɫĹâֻмǻҰ֮ɫ
ͻȻһԶɽ֮еɫһ䣬ŭ߳һһͫ΢ָһץס±ڣɵ˼ʯ촷ۣڷƮ
Ǭôˣˮ̶ߵһ΢΢ףĿʵ
ǹɫ䣬˵ҲӵֻӰĸѾɱˡ
˵Ӱ𣿡
ǬεҡҡͷһֱˣɻǿƲסǵӰӡ
ʦ֣ǼֻȻҲоϾΪǳӰӿƣʲôɱ˲ǺôһŨױŮЦһԻиǿ׳§ס֫
һʼǸⲻãǷ˭ȥһ¡
ŨױŮֻǾϾڣСëˣҺʦֿǾϾˣȥɸ㶨
ǬĿߵһۣȻɱҵӰ棬ȥɡһ˱㹻ˡ
˵㻯ݹ⣬תɽ¶ȥ
ŮӳΪʦֵˣ˵ξŻʳĻʵû⵹ǺϢ
ü˼ǣκʱ򶼲ܴ⣬ΪûΪǸϻʵûⱦ¹شһܳȻǵȥˣҲк³ġҾɣ춯ȥ
ǿջʳĴļΪѾʮȽѾˣ߹ǣ֪ڣ
죬ջʳּҵڣΪѾǱƽʮĵȾ
Ůѩ÷λר־ƽ±󷨵ӽջʳĻӣΪҲжʮȽѾһţŴɣΪ൱ֵܡĿľ۵Сɽһ챦Ҫȡ죬ֵǸӵġ
ʵԭûɽ𣬵Ϊ챦󷨽ȴŬͻƣÿһСɽͳһ㡣Żʳû⣬ϢջʳǱߵ˾顣
ԾߵСӵľͷǰǺɽˡ׼̤ɽ䣬ͻȻһɵѹȻɽһĿһͷӰӾվǡ
ǬƺЩȵĲͷˣ˵һΪʲô˲˽ˣǸոϾСëһмЦо
㵭ЦԽգԽǲѴ֮㶨Ӱ棬ܷ񲻷Ѵ֮㶨ǣ
һŵСӣǹȻǵʬ己ֳֻӰ
Ǭһ˿ɱԼǶʮȽѾ߳߰˸磬ֱڿնһƾףԾ¡ȻʮȽѾģ㣬θС˶Ʋϡ
ǬΪһԦ޵ʿֻԦһޣӰҲеġ
ٶҪ㿴ͷӰ棬ȻӲһӰ棡
ǬȻͣû뵽ʶԼαװЦСӵǼʶ㣬㿴ΣҾɣҵĽ
Ǭ˸ָӰӰɢȥһͷ룡ܿͷֻһͷ룬ǻģǬǵõͷٿʬ塣
ɵ˰ɣǬ㲻˵ΪˣΪķ֣Ҿ°ɣʵǱһҪǿ󣡵Ƥ
ٺһЦ֪ܷ񿸵סأ
ʲô㾹ȻеǬ㵵ĴУ漴ֲмţ˭᣿룬ϣ


2219 ĺ
ǬרһϡԦʦʱ䶼μԦ֮ϡĿޣܹǿԦסͷ룬Ѿˣһ߸Ȼ˵ҪԸʱ֮Աǡ
Ҳ˵ޱܵѪҰԺͼ᲻ɴǿ壬ǬԼûĴ
ԾȴһҲúЦҲǼʶھŻʳǵıԣʵǿֻǬȻ֣оȻóһ׼żҼ治Ծȵҵ꽣ʱһ磬趯꣬Ǭϯȥ
ǬǶʮȽѾǿߣԾҴ⣬һȫʩΪԷս֮С
ǱЦĳǿȥһƤЦӡ
ȻѾˣӵһƲл걻һĶ㣬壬ʱ˹Ƶġ
Թԣšᳪ˵ҲǵģҪҲ͸һ㣬һƲл꣬˽ʬʬ塣ôҲǲޣȻһңҪҪҳ㰡Ҫһɣұ֤ŶˣѾˣûɶζ
𣡡
ҲܲˣһƲлܸ֮о͵ϷܿһʾԼ֮շ緶ŭĴ֮ͻȻͭ۾Ĵסˡ
ó˽ԵѹҰĸоΣգ˵ѾһնƤë֮ϡ
ȻƤ񣡡㣺һã޷ģ˷ѵʱҲȽϳ취ոˣȻǼһܼԦΪʲôܼԦ
˫ֽӡһһ˵ɣ롣
һ飬ֱӴ̼ֵĸоһ£֪һƲлǿʬĹؼȻħõֶΡһƲлعʱʱǰȫģԼһƬƵ֮¡
Լûֵ硣
ԭվǰ㣬֪ʱԶЦվһԼ߹Ц룬£ʶ磬Ҳ˺ġ
һƱƨƨߵ߹ȥǵ˵ʱ֪ˣԻ˵ǰʱԭα¶ǿľĳֻһƲлֱӱʶ̲
ʧȥʶֳַ֮һʶ֮ڣȷЩԼԦ붯佩ӲľżһһžѪ˦׭Ĭ䣬ԸΪļԦ֮ʹʬ塣
Чˣ໵Ľţվԡ
ԾɱǬǴľԼһ󣬱ýһͿʼſһҲ֪զôģͻȻ俴ʩչ˼Լƨƨߵ˹ȥˡ
룡Ǭ˼æͳһҡ˼£ȴû˿Ч뷴ǷŭĳǬУǵӵ˼
Ǭʧɫſ־һﲻս֮
ԼƽʱĿ嶼һ㷴ӦûУô£
Ҫ֪ͷʬǻȫĲƲѪϤǿս͵ơղŻڳСʱҲЦˣΨһƬŭ
޲ɹȥС׵ǰһԾȴԽսԽ£Լ߳߸磬κζԷãʱΣս٣ּŭ׼꽣ı˫ԼץͨԦޣȴʵսǬȱ㡣
ԾҲǼ֮ĵͨ٣յҲ࣬ѹԵķո룬ʹǬġռϷŹ֡
ԾЦһֱӲӲǬϾʵռţӲ֮£Ծ΢һЩʱ
ǬмһЦӲӲ
Ǭǿҵ֮һżǿƺһιʰˡа֣ǬԵƥҵ֮һ׷ΧڵʱЩһʧ
⣿ǬʧɫеƷ
ǺһЦϲ㣬¶ˡ
ƣŭѣȡһ˫һʱ׹⽻ƺ֮ݺݻȥ
㱻Լ׹ʱȴǿȻһ¶ûСף۵ڡ
ǬһξΪʲôûµʱ򣬱ͱԾͱһ
ܣǬţѪôܴң
пʵòʵӴܵʱ־ĳе룡ң
ֻڿ㣬ֻתͷǬҡβ͡Ǭһ͵سȥսæҪߡ
ӵõ𣿡ԾһЦԾһ˲ֵǬǰ
Ǭݣһֱ׼ߵλãմһס
ǬҽУϼˡǬδȻĿŻɱԾҲ̲סþȫϾң
ߣֱСĺɽС
ʰǬǬ廯һεҵ֮˻࿴˿ƺҪĴ㡣ԾѾĶˣûԾġ
ûôҲ̫뷨ƾƷķԾԼûʲô
Ҳ˼øң㲻żһø㡣биܷӳ
Ծɫûȥһҵ֮˵ĶǼٵġμγΪľҵ֮ǿ߲
úһҵ֮˸طϥúԼܿͻָԭʮһΪˣ
ϲҵֻ֮ǶʮȽѾ㱾ʵҪȶʮߵȽѾǿһЩǿҲĶ֡ʱĸˡ
ҵ֮߰ɡԾȻǸ
ȻһĹɽֱ֮ľɽʯȫΪ飬һյĹ켣ڳ֮ٿȻγɡָ֮ˣ
㼱æһһ޶ʱڷԶԶ俪ĿɽϽֳӰ
ѩ÷ȻǼϣЦţĿתĿˣһ˿֮ɫȻôʦֵҲշˣʦһΪСˣǻһ
һĶˣһȻǾͨϣҲǰ״һмЦǬ̶ֳȵ϶ʰ˻ã
ô˵ʰһڶԱδǶˣԾ˵ͷ޹ȻǵΪҲǿ
ǿЦջʳɲǾŻʳЩԱȵϵġһͷСƤΣҵɽܽնɱ
ϵһǼԼĵƷ׵ķɽڨЦѹţԭӵе
ΪջʳĴּҵļӵеһ㶼⣡ѩ÷ҲӵС


2220 ͬе
Ǻѩ÷ʱ򣬺ɽٴӿһâ뿴ȥĵã仯Խ󣬾Խ˵챦Щ˾̫ãֻ»鷳ֻ˶ӵе֮Ҳûаռ̵ʱڸ㶨Ϊ˶񰢸ǷĲ
㿴óǳеɽ԰ҲһſӦһλߡ
ϲջʳּҵţᣬԲѸͣһֱǶӲڣȻڷԭļ壬Ϊǳ֮⻹еɫԶʤͬˡ
ˣصĻܺܶࡣ
Ƶ԰ǼȻ֪ΪλأҪԶڣҵ֡
ǲȻŭܲñ˵ƣСѩ÷סͷɱһڸһͷշ룬
ѩ÷һЦзɴֱȥвϵġЦģҲܵģɰýҲҵĳ֮ء
֮ڣֳһʶѾǶģҲʶû룬Ϊޡоɱ⣬ʱŭ죬һͳѩ÷ȥֳʬӿ֡
ѩ÷߸ߵĲ֦֮䣬ȫ衣ʵӵеҲӵģ˫ָ߸߾һȦȦĽྻˮ˴һ˫͵سȥˮ
һԲȦϲϷȥڿԽԽ󣬽ȫ˽ȥ
գ
ѩ÷һЩ޴ˮȦ͵ʮȫɺϱСýסĿ¶һ˿ϲɫЦˮǼͣôҲٺ٣ô׾͸ץסˡ
벻ͣŤ壬ŭֱУϵʬʵ岻ϸʴЩˮЩˮȦˮɣʼЩƺס
ߣ治ʵҿɲϲӴѩ÷ָһ㣬ЩˮٴܵǣзȥͣǰӿϵˮȦԭҪͻȻͫһϵЩһȦȦˮȦֿʼ̽ʵҲ޷ˡ
ͣѩ÷ĳޡžһ´ȥʧȥһ˼£Ҳɥˡ
ŶǺǺǣʲôãε÷ģѩ÷Ļųޣ⡣һ޺ӣ֮ɫγĶԱȣŮҰޡֻŮǻҰ
СӣȥˣǲԼӣˣƺҪƽһɱ
ԾͻȻþ˳һ𣬺ֱɨȴһУǼĿϿʼƷ׵һߣԾһƷ
ԼѾˣ˼طĹЦֵҲǿ˺ܶࡣ˦һͷɫĵ
ͫ΢á̫ˣԾ϶ֵסֵסˣķҲҪˣȻǼƷɲǽܱȵģֻһƷף߳ʱӲӲǽҪٵġ
ȡԾΪԾ㼱æȡһöʥ鵤Ծ
ͬʱƬ̲ԥ˦а֣ҪӲӲ
ȻһƷЦˣǷӦ죬һηתŤܿаֱ֣ȡԾﺰʥ鵤ӦԡԾ֪ٶȼԼӲģֻ֮ǰһ˲ͨ仯
ֻԾҲûܱܿˡ
㽣նǰʱ򣬽ֱȡǵţһɱ
ն͵һնȥ
ͫһѾҳԾˣҲԺ棡
ͣǵ³һȻӲĽθͣˣȻֻһ˲䣬Ǿһ˲䣬Ѿ嵽Ծǰ㼱æ˫ֽӡף
ĿԾĽâ׼Уȡ㹷
䣡
âȥǧмƮɢȥǵֱҲֳһƵֱӰԾ׼ɽˡ
ߣѻʯкΪɽ٣ȴŷ˵ԾһѪЦҵģ
ȥɣ
Ǵһӣ͵ؾһԪȻӿгγһɫľݺݵĻԾܵĿһ̸ֳһŤ״̬ȫ֮
žʱһ״ȴǴԾϣֱӰԾſڵϣȴǰԾһλƣ㿪ĳ
ĳںŪɽһڿհĵشֱӱ˳ɳʯ˲顣Ծ㿪һҲˡ
ԾֻûҪ˺ѿһ㣬ʹĴһȫԪٿȻ³͵ع˫֮УǧһȴҪм㣬Щƻˡ
ಡ㲻֪ʱѾֵһץסļֱץ˾ͼٵĳɽ±ȥ
ʵ̫ǷӦǼ죬ζ㿪ԼĹӵмƷһζҪɱԾԾûлĿܣֻ˻ȥ㡣ο˴λõ鱨Ҳ㹻ˣȥڶֹǾܴջʳĸˡ
ԾԭΪԼҪˣΪǶϵʱ͸оԼҵ֮ڻˣǽѵľʾû뵽㾹ȻԼߵʱԾоԼȫˣҵ֮ٻۡ
ллԾ΢ɬ˵ߵͷԾ㲢ûʲôоֻǾһģҲսѰɣӲ
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һƿ֮ǼӰͷϷɳ۶ǰĿǣΰɣ´޻ڣ
ԶԶһ˦ɫľ˳ǲǴĵâҵ֮ɵаһаֻ΢Щ㻹ҪԾ಻㡣
龰˶оͷҵۣ֮ȻһĻǻ׷ɱ˵ġ
㣡Ծ͵һץסֱۣȻˣɱܣ
ɫһ䣬ͫ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫתͷɱȴΣղѾԹˣܿˡ
ԾһȻȻˣûõģõķأֻһ
һ˦Ծ˦ԶȻǶϡ
ϣ
ǵ˫͵ץĽ֮ϣײһѷָ£
⣬ôܣҵմѪȣܵ㡣ɫ쳣ڳ죬ҪԼǰмڳҲһ󷨣
𣬺ɫĵâͬʱҲݹ⣬ҪɱԾΪֹ
Ծͨ˫ۣ˵蹷һ
ʹõǷݣ㿴λãһǸ߾ٵ͵ˡ
໣âٴӿ֣ҪȥԾСԾͻȻһɫĹȦаϣȴԭղžѾаֽˡ
ٴγײԾΪСȫ֧а֣ǲҪԷɱķǡ˶þȫ

ͻȻһг֮䴩˳
һ㶣ͷһȴΧκԣȥ͵ϮŪѩ÷ˡǴ󾪣ѩ÷СңҪ


2221 ޱͬ
ȴûȥѩ÷Ϊѩ÷ҲӵһҪԸͬӵǿ󷨱Ĵڶܸ㶨ģɤӣģѩ÷С
ȻǻͷΪԾһ˲ַԼϵˣһ˲ĹԾˡҲǰ
ǼпϲЦٺٺ٣û˼Ʒķҿô
Ƿݵٴμ¡˵ڶν档ǵâĽҲ˶֮ȴǶһ൱
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ʱûиоΣվʾͬģҲûκνѵľʾ˶ΪԼӮڰݺύ
һ㲻ͬǣǾǽ֮ϵÿγᱻɢɢڿܣǺʲôֶΣսˣѩ÷Ǳߣײ۶ɣϵıɢڰ֮С
Ҳʲôڰƣž͸оˣ׻൱ǿģʵԽǿ׵ƻԽֲǷСϷ֪ټȥˣȻԼҪԿ
ҳϣҵ͹ˣ㻹ûʤ㡣һԾóһŵҩ̷ȥۺҵ֮ɫܵľͳͳήصĽһ
Ȼ޾壬Ѿ۶ˣһҳը
ֻǱߵѩ÷룬ų޲ĴףÿĴһξͰ״ɣЦЩԸڣֻҪԼһͷǾۡ
ܿߵ׾ͱһʣˡжˣȥԾ
ѩ÷ΪûֶΣǽƵʱ˫ֿٽӡףһ˲е׶ۻռ׵ʱ䣬žϣ㻹ͷŸףһܽʶ˶ˣߣƾ͸ȥ
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ۣ֧һġһѪ˫¶֮ɫæߴɽϺˣϵˣ̫ǿˣһȫӿֵס
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๫ѩ÷һɫҲǼأûԹƮץ˦ٴγ޶ͽ͡
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𣡡죬ֱȥϬצӻƿռ䣬˲ͳ嵽ǰʬ£
Ǵʧɫǿҵĳ֮ʬӵҲеһľѩ÷ȻֳңͻȻץסǣͻȻݺһ˳ȥֱӽ֮Уһ˿ļ๫Ϊȥɣ
ˣǷҾ徵Ĳҽ֮֮ڱȫë𣬺ƿһ㣬ݺݵˤ˳ȥѩ÷ˤȥǣһ˿ȻͺӶߣصɽϡ
ΪʲôǰͫĶԼĽᷢӡ
ѩ÷̵˵ҪһǾɣҿɲ
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ԾмĿ㣬ĻҾͲ˵ˣǷġɽԼСİɡ
ո˵ֵһƷⱦմȾ˵ѪԽ࣬ôԽǿԭѾɱ¾ѹǿˡ
һ棬ɽ֮ϣޣƺЩסƽѹ󷨵ĻӵݣߴٵҪòܿ
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ΪӵܣȻԼƢŭӿһ˿õɫȻϹŴµϹŷӡʱ̫ñ¸ʴʮʱҲƲٶѾˣΪӦЩͻȻ¹ʵģ𣿡
һ㶣벻ҶײҪŭȴǿϾ˼ǻ壬ԼȻϳӣʵҲǿȴá
ΨһһƽϹˣջʳʵʮֳ谮Ķ֮һܱ˺ȳǴ˼䱦̫ˣﾡ˰Ŭ˼ͻȥѵˡ
ڣڲˣѩ÷ʧ˻һֻţſǻʵǺǬɱˣ
ͫʲôˣǬҲͰˣǺӵмƷΪͨҲףԷʲôͣ˵ֻоϾڵʵ𣿡
ջʳһҳԱҲޱȣǬּ˶ӵеģȻҲסˣ
ѩ÷޿˵ҲеҲǼƷأȥʱǼһѾʦֵҵ֮Ϊüǿ֪ʹʲôͨʦֵոˣƵҪԸ룬޷æɱˡ
˶һ㶣ɫʱͳȥŭѩ÷ڽЦǰɣԷʲôͷⶫɲǴڻɫ
ѩ÷Զԣǲſȥ
ȻΣ߾裡һʱܳ˲أŬ׷ˣȥ֮±Ȼŭ˭Σ
˶ĬȻѩ÷ֵһѾ˼صˣʣͷӵеˣǲɽˡ
Цһ˭˵ңѾˡ
ʲô˶һʶķ俪˷ֱվĸλȥ
Сӣزءˡһҵ֮ʱϿۣ¡¡ɢΧǧ֮ȫֽȥ
ʮȽѾ֮ǿһȣףǧ
ɬѣʮȽѾǿڣԼҲӲˡɲΪûеǸǶˣǿûأֻӲƤͷӲ֮վ˳ڨڨЦǵùôҵģ
Ц㿴ͷ
һ̧ͷһͷӥͨòͨӥʱЦû뵽˼򵥵ֶΣʿá൱ЧԼȷûͷͨӥ


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ڣɱǣѩ÷벻㾹Ȼ׷һˣֻһֵ˵Լ¡ɴԹԱ죬ŭ㡣
Ȼŭ޲һ㣬Ͳˣ˾ͱ
Ҫ֣һ˿ɫȴ˿£ЦӵֻҪһ׷㻹ߵġӲĻȻҪ
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̵룬漴ߵ뻨ʱ䣬ھΪǱ𣡡
ţͻȻ˵һдã
ɫܲˬԼ˼˴ε̫Ҫú
ŭôʱ䲻ǲһֻ²þŻʳļʿͳˣһʱ㹻ǼˡֻǶʮȽѾ㻹ɣҸ𣡡
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ŭЦȻˣԼƽȥɣˡˣֱվҪߡ
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ʶװˣЩź£ǵľ衣ʵһֱڵȴᣬϾĳҲᱦġƴһѣôء
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Ľȥ켸˵ҲǿʼһʯϵɿرŲѡϾǴ˲֪Ϲż˭Ҳ֪浽ʲôҲķɳһҲ˵
ܻΪ̫Ԫһ֮󣬷ӡŵıԽԽˡСɽʼˣһĹâֱӳԭСĴΧ󷨣
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֪Ƭ̣Żʳ˾ͻͰջʳʿɱԤƾŻʳĸֳҲҪһʱ䣬ԼҪʱѰ챦Ȼ͵תƭŻʳˡ
ԾȻܣ˵Ծ
ˣƿˣ˷ܵȭͷһ˭ҪţѾ뵽Ľ׶Ρͷ󺹣һӡ룬ʯ֮ϵȫɢһʯ±֮ˤ±ڵıȻпյġ
±мǸͼҲֳˣһѽһͷֱӴʯг˳𡣻һͷצʱձӡһƬƣһֻľհ衣
צɢƾõϹϢƺûȫ󷨵Ѿͽ֮Ĳϱ任ϳĽ
֮ϵĺǲͣĴһı壡Ҫ


2223 ʶ֮
ϹϹ켤֮Ƿˡ
ȼҲǳԾ̧ͷȥ𣿻һ𷨱Ψ֪ǰѽĵڶ㣬ı屻ͻ룬屻Ǽ֮ϣ
ںĻѾںϻرˣֻҪܽӽںϡ
˿Ҵ⣬쳣ľǼڽ֮УϹĽԼѾûˣ᲻ҪɱԼء
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ãˣ󺧣ϹѹԶӿһĿ־֮УҪֱӹȥ
ˣѩ÷һܲסֱӹڵϣӲסĲɡҲ׷׹ȥҲȥˡΨû˿оΪѹ˵Ȼǿ󣬵ѹΪԭľҲܸߡ
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⣬ǣ𾪵ƺǷʶռ䰡
ôʶռ䣿˷͵ûھͽ֮仯ȻǾǹؼӦʶġ
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ûʵѹ㣬ϾŻʳĻʵۣΪǴﵽʮȽѾϣҲǻϾһײܶԸ
˼ȥĻЩģʵۼɵΪӽˣԼɵ
ߵԣһݶʮߵȽѾҵ֮ǿһݾɡ
ˣʱνлƺҪˡһϣѹסǣⷨ
ģЩʵģŵͳͳνгȥ
ϲû˹עԼ˰ɣͷҪȥȡһҵ֮ȴǷԾѾһˣԾһЦлˡ


2224 ս
Ծһҵ֮㲻ͬԾҵ֮ͰԵͷųѾֱˣԾͷһϲȴû̫ź԰ֳŴҶӴܵνУȥѩ÷ϵĵޡ
ѩ÷ȫû뵽㣬Цٺٵ߽㣺֣ʳкôҲһ㡣
Ѱ˼ţսСʱԾȷΪ˱ԼŬԼ٣ҲǼƷǳֻͨ챾ĵҲ൱ѳøԾлҲǲС
˦ޣ˹ȥ͸ɣҪΪҵܡ
ԾϲлȻˣҿɲִ͵ˣô˼Ժֵҽˡ
Ц㶼Ǳ̫ˣڵľ֮ߣС˼ޡԾȻҿɲھŻʳˣ֣֮󣬲ģҲ㣬ǵҸԼҿûǡ
վ۷һ죬Ǵʱ򣡡Ծ˵仰ͻͷҪߣ㰵ͷһ׷ǿԾҲ˲Űһͷ룬͸ɣԺҲи飬ҪǶԸģ㻻ԼʶƼɡ
лֺ񡣡ԾЩжĶǣڵЩˡԾûж飬ŴҶɿߡʮĵȽѾżѾݲˡû֧֣кܶһΪġôпᡣ
㣬һţִ֧֣Ҳҵ֧֡ʵڷĲ硣ҪҼУΪ۰ãܱȵġ
˵ҲǴ
âһΪôˣԼ첻Ϳô˵ԭҲڵϲ
ӵһƺһƮ鶯öԸ㿴ڰ׷챦ҲкܶͽʿڿţȻûн챦ʱȴΧ۵Ȩ

˫ֽӡ֮ӿ֣¡Ǳ˺ܶ౶ֱӴջʳһȺͽʿʱǲԼߣŻʳΧԼġ
ɱ
尡
ʿ֮ĴսֳֽȻû˸ˣʮȽѾֳֵ˭˸սн챦ʸ񣬵Ҫ˵з簡
ɹķɢΧߵע֮â֮еҵļһ죬֧ûһգΣա
±߿ţѰŻᣬ챦һʮˣÿһʮȽѾϣ˫ཻᣬͨͳͳը
Ȼ㿴˴ˣ˰߷һ㼱æɶݹȥҪһѾˣɲܹˣֻ˵̫ùˡ
ϵ˿ڣȴǱһǿִ˵İ
ͻȻһѵĴЦͿܶʿ˵ǿߣ
Ͼǿ߰ͷһȻǾŻʳĻʵۣ
ֳֻ챦ýýȻˣǻôǿһˡ
üͷͯһǸղʱ򣬲ֵҵĳ֣ɱˡһʵ´ˣûԼһʵͻȻ֣ΪǵˣͺȻ֣ʵһ˵Щù
һҵ֮ĵЩɡ
ջʳ˿ȥ־ŭ˵ǻʵû𣿡
޴ʵһ룬ЦֻѣΪԻǵ̽ӡǵĻʵҲ֡ڽҾûҾ֪ûǿ˼һʲôԭлˡ
ߣˣջʳǿ߰ղѣ׷ȥѾˣֻʵ۴һӣջʳ˽ҹǸɱõһУУ
𣡡ʿȻ໵ĳȥҪɱذ
ûиϣεĳִܲ٣Ѿջĺôˡ»ʵϳԼҪ͵ٵ͵С
ջʳǶѾɱˣȺףΪоŻʳʵ۵ѹǽڽڰˣһ·˻ԼĹҪѹüˣһ·ϻʵ۴ڶʿɱӣȡ˲ٺô
ϾϣӶ͵Ӷ
޷ֹһУֻһЩƺĹʣڿȥһ޹ᡣ޷ֹΪʵҪǿö࣬»ʵϳԼء
ŻʳӶһ£ջʳĻʵ̲סҪˣ˫һԭջʳĻʵҪǿһЩڲͬˣŻʵͯһԾŻʳʤջʳĻʵ˶ݣŰʦس
صʶȻ˻ϲǣȻǺߣϤǱʵɱģҵ˽˲𱨳ͷʵ۱𣿵ųɡ
˭¿ɾкϷˣѾһҵ֮죬ڵҪģʡñ˵лʶôҲġ
ΪȻмޱȣҲ֮ǿеǻѹСҶԼҪҶǽﰡ
㣬ӻ㱨ææľͽʹȥˣҪֹôӸԼ빦
빦ĻҪԻʵۣʵϵԼˣԼΪ֮죬ȻҪ¼֮ġϴѾˡοɲȥ
ڻʹ֮ڣȻʹͷһƬԣħƣǿħ۶ĸħͷ˴󵨸ƾŻʳ
ʵҲʾķһ壺ηħ
ֻħ֮дƸǿ˾ҪҴһ𣿡
ʵ۵ʱûˣһݹ⣬Ȼˣħ֮еħͷĴЦ֪˰ɣ
ֻ㻹ھȵʱ߻ӵйһ˷ܵļУʦ˼ˣӵȵÿడˣһҪΪΪӳͷ
⣡ʱһԭħͷ߻ӵʦ𰡣ѹ֮ǿѲΪ߻ʵ±ģԼҪҪ뿪أ
ͽģΪʦҪѺļһǧУ


2225 ˵˵
ŻʳĻʶһħÿһ˶ӴħѹֵôһѲ֪ﴫѼһĴɤЦ
ȥӹ·ϣоʱҪˣ߻Ӻҵ˾ԼµŮˣʣµľľѣȻԼأǷԼǿɾ˵ˡ
һʱߣʳǴŲŷѾһħϸ棬ҪӲ壬϶ҪǸħͷ֡
ҸطɡǵùЩһһǿĹʵͯ챦ҸԷӲһͶߣħͷĺǿ
ֻûжصĻᣬһĴ֮У˵ǵϣһʱ䣬
һȻħ־ᶨҲΪ֮һҵ֮ʣ˵ʶȻаҲزס
ԼǱˣ㼱æǵȥħͷʲô˵ҲֻǼһһ𻹴ڻ֮УԴӵû˱壬Ѿ˯һˣ㵹κܿ
ʵ㲢£Ϊһ
Ѫ
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ΨһȱݾΪ绹ûϣֻоϾΪϤˣֱܷʵҪǿܶ࣬أԼոճʹڻ˭֪Լľ仯أ
ʱ䣬ǸħͷѾ߻ӻˣʱ̹עÿһˡæһ䷿ڣ¸󷨣ȻųԼѪȻҵһķΡͷֱн˽ǵ֮ǰ̫ͨࡢŮԼվ棬Ȼȥˡ
ڽǵϵһһ֪Ϊڴӵˣվڴߵġ
ЩεĿ㣬úΣӦòᱻ˷֡ħͷħԴ󷢣ô˶Ҫꡣ
ǵ֮ϣ߻Ӳ˶ƤǣۿܺڣƤȴǲҰסɼ״̬жңΪָֻʮȽѾ
㿴Ǳ֮ϣһѪ۳һȴǲϣ״꣬ͷ췢Ѫ£ò׺ݣҵ֮ͷţȻʮȽѾѹֻʵǸͯҪ·ˣ㱻˸߳ĸ硣
ħޣǡѪ񾭡򶼴֡
ֻûʵۻ̫ˣϾһ챦ߣʵ̫˰֪ǻʵǰ͸ħͷ÷ûһ˿Ƣˡϼž£Ӱ
ҽѪħЩףɱ˲գۡѪħĿÿһӡгд󳼡
Ļʵ˾ѾˣѾûԱӻıɡѪħߣ
Ѫħ߻֣ͽ֪˭˰㺦
߻˵ʦǰͽڹͻƣҪʮȽѾѪ󷨣ͽҪѪָʱһѪߡʱܶŮӣӦÿ˭ҵѪ
ŶЩŮأ
ˣ߻Ӱյ΢ָʱȥˣЩŮÿһ뿪ʳǣˣȻ˿ΪôһʳһЩµġ
⣬Ӻ㶼Щüͷһĸоӣ̿ˮ۾ҿ档
֪˭Ѫħץһʱǣô֣ȴ
֣㻹ʵ㻹θʻԸʦ𣿡߻վڸߴŴӡ
⻰аһԩͷծԵĿ꣬ҪΪˡ
ȴǴݵߵܣƽʱ㲻ΪҪңȻħޣһֱҲԣ֮ʮ֮飬𣿡
Ȼֵ֮ǰӦð˽ҿû㡣ʦҷ𣿡߻Ҫͬһĸףһ˴
ᣬʬ޿ѹһ̫Ǹ̫֮󣬴ˣȻԼ̫࣡ŭһ֣һŻǸ̫ϡȻ˳ˣǾͲҪ˵ˡ
߻ӺٺٵЦ֣ǳɵģ
ӵЩŮȷǱɱˡⲢʲôʵ£ڸǡӼǵЩɱŮĹѾˣɱ˵ʱҸ̫ಢڳӦûԲסѡ
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ﻹ뱣סģ˵壬ûʹЩŮʱҲ֪㷢ʲô¡ֻǼЩŮܣ˰ץ˵ģҶʼЩŮΪͻͽҾ˰Ǹɱˡ£º֪ġ
߻ͽץӣŭ㻹ƭңôЩأˣΨһ֪ľ֪ղűɱ˵Ǹ̫࣬㣡Ϊһһ½Ļֻ᲻ʸ׾Ͱ˸ɱ𣿡
Ѫħߵкѣĥ˵˵
ѪħҧָһѪ˳ֱӵӿУ˵һξѪɲǼ򵥵ľѪܲȴһξѪ̲֮סɱˡٺ٣֧Ŷá
Ӻܿ͸оʹˣ˵ڵأϿɣƤһǡ
ӿ߻ӣ֪ԼǱľˣڰֻһ汳ġȻһЦ㶼ңǾĥҰɡ
㰵һӵǹӦԼ˵ڹȻˡ˳˵ģ
˶Ȼˣеŭڸʲô
ķûӣӱ˶ʶҪұܡĥһҳֻˡ
Ѫħ°ͣʵͽ˭Ϊô͡
߻ӵ˵ǻ֣ҵһҶ㵹˵˵ƾʲôҪǲ
ߵԣһѴڵѪħһħѪ˳Ѫ񾭡ģѪħͬһԴȻ׵ˡ
㴵˰ɣħѪ񾭡һѪգҲѧѪ񾭡
㣡ǾȲҵģֻẦġܻҪңǸʲô
ν˵һһ˵Ҫҵңҿɲˡ
ãܺã߻Цղչֵһ֣ȷˣ˵ҪѪ
ʱѾ뵽һ죡ķͻȻѪɫҰףѾԾˣѪ㾡ȥ
ͨķֱӵأϾ˺
߻Ȼæ߹ȥ³ѪԼȫ޷ݣҵȷжѾǴԼѪˣѾˣñףˣˡ
ѪħͽõģΪʦڣΪָġҪҪЩΪʧȥǲѪ᣿
ʱߴһѪħħϣ˾ͽȴɱ˻ԶԶĴѪħûУɱɱûУҪɱ䣬Ҳֹܲ㡣
ѪħˬĴУ㵹ԣɱĶӺŮ
ҪҾĺǶ׷ģ˾ͽ໵ĴУȴǲ߻˵ʦǻ߰ɣҸУջָ۷塣
ãߣǰٺ٣ѪħֵһξѪӿУľ
ѪħĿЦԶݶȥ


2226 뿪
ǵһžʹڵϴʵҲû̻ȻЩǣ˶ɸģȻһҪ군ˡ
̫ҽ촫̫ҽ̫ܹܸ¡ʹģҲ˲ҿʱıҲ˹˶ޱȣɴӣô£
ߵǰָѪĶͷ֮ϣٴһʶķ̾͡ˡ
⡭ǷȻǿķ˾ȼС
ĸ㣿
ѹôųϣԭб
ѪȻˣνǿƵʶʧƭѪħҲżȻѪߵԣָһѪħһξѪȻȻ뿪
ҲһʹȵĿ㣬ȻЦķããǳãӹȻûп㡣
ǫˣСϷѡҲƭ뿪ˡ
緢ôСϷأǸѪħƭˣҪ˵̵ͣû취޹飡
ʵ˵ûϳʶ۹ҲȻ洵ˣǴ쳣ˣΪԼв߻ѾѪħˣôλȻԼһ˻λôԼлȨøǿ
ҲǴͲҼ£ˣҪڴûаԼ÷ȥȸ캣ذɡıѾصңȻԼôԵĵط
ʱҲѾִƣ֧ڼңҲΪڶϲԼڵƣ֮ڲû̫ķ
˺˵ĴȻˮǴߣǷİڼѻ죬ҪֲĹڴǰ飬ֻ¶Ҫˡ
صԼķ䣬ʼѰ˼ԼǷӦüˣֻԼȴ£ʵ۶ԼģԼڵʵǴ򲻹ʵ۵ġ̼ǵԾǰԣҪǿĵط
붼оѪڣھŻʳȷѼǿˣһӽʮȽѾ뻯Ͼôвʵ۵İȫʵͯ²飬Ҳǰġ
ߣ˾һߣ
֮ǰҲЩԸ£һֱӲ硣ڷչڴҹȻǰСͥԺ
һֱﱻ߻Ӹˣֻ֪ǼٵģйϵԼҪߣҪһЩ
˿̲ˮΪѾµˣһԼ֪̥ȻģԼҩƭϴһΣԼЩоŪˡ
δŮѡ֮ӹһ֮ʹӴӣ˽Ůһ͵ˣҲжϵϾûԼܸһ飬Ѿʮˡ
ƫƫԼĺӣӸ˵ͬʱиϵûд˵ΪԼҪЮʲô
ˣı죬վſңܾûˣ㻹ðɡ
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Űɣ˿ɲãҪ֪ˣҿǻԿġĵ˵
ҡҡͷҺܿߣ㣬㻹ôƯ
Ĳʲôֲ֪«ʲôҩֻЦ˵㻹ô˵ˣԽԽǿˣԽԽ˶ʼɣҪСģ㻹ӵô
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һҪߣסˣз·ʲôǣס˵ȴ˵㶵Ŀ˽
̾˿Ťͷߣֶȷǿ
ץָŸȻ£˵
֮ջɱһǷָ֮ϵһսķָ˲ƴ壬ǵķҲ
Լһķ䣬Ǳ룬Ѿ˯ˣ񾲵˯࣬ЩᣬԼո磬磬һֱԼõѣܸоԼ㺣ֻһֱܿơ
Ķͷ֮ϣͬʱָࡣ
һУڵĵʣѣƷƷа֡һһѾ㹻ˡ
¸߹ңʶĳſڣԼѪѾţѪƿ֮ڣҪʱż
뿪ʳûԶȴ⿴һˣŻʳĻʵۣ
ͯžƣ⣬һʯ֮ЦٺٵĿ㣬˾ͽʱԼɲʲôѺõϢе
˾ͽȰȻ̧ͷ㣬Ȼ㣡û뵽հͻػʳǣ㻹ӳҶӺҲû뵽ĽȻ˿죡ȻӢ۳ꡣۻ軨ˣһоôöûϳҪѪħҶˡ
˫ֱأ΢ЦǶǰ࣬Ҫ뿪ʳǣǰǸ𣿡
ٺ٣ͣȻˣȥ˾ͽ˵껰һ˲䣬̻һ磡׶ݣжԶӶԶϾ˾ͽȿǻϾģϾһϾʿƾһ֮Ͼ֮µʿҵ֮һҵ֮ͨˣǻϾͳεĸԴ
Ȼͷŵҵ֮ںģɱʵҲ˼˾ͽȻӵ𷨱ԲӲӲġ
˾ͽ漴Ҳһȥ滹в˵ô鷳㻹ӣҴûôһжģ
ҲһԼСȴƫҪϡҲлϾΪҸ㣬㵨һٸ㶼ɱԼϵѹһ󱲣ȻӢۺú
۸СϲˣҺΣɱ㣬Ҳб֪˾ͽǴȫ˺Ƥˡ
׶ݹȻѸͣգۼ߳ҲǼģ˾ͽȵķ΢ѷɫʶ㣬Ĺͽӽˣٹһܸˣ
Ͼʵ
Ҫһ˾ͽȲκģȻ֮о˾ͽȵɱԼͷۣ˾ͽƺһ㶼ӣЦǺǵӣȻҾܲ׷ɱȤˣ
ɫһµֻƴˣ


2227 ŤתǬ
㱻˾ͽȱƵ˾һ׶һݣѾԶ˻ʶԶˡŻʳ֮Ϊ˱ѵӰ컥֮䶼൱ңԶʶܴһƬطǿտ˵ƽԭɽ
оҵ֮ϼۣһֽͷĸоʮܡ
ĿžӸµ˾ͽȣ˿ԼΪʮߵȽѾϾڡ˾ͽɻĿ㣬ֹȻô£Ѿȥҵ֮Ӧñɷ˲Ŷԡ
ٺ٣㲻֪¶ءһ䡣˾ͽһУǰ״𷨱ͱ˳ʲôϵʵҲвңοһôһʲôҶ
Ѳ㻹ҹģҪҲҪϡ˾ͽȵƣȻҪɱҾɱôϻҪҹģ٣Ρ
˾ͽ߳ŭһ㶼µ˼ûУʮֱԼþþӵһ㶼˲һУһҵ֮ӿȥ
㼰ʱļа֣һ׵ķΧ֮ڰȫޱȣеҵ֮ΪС˾ͽۣ૵ǼƷˡ
˾ͽ˵ֱ꣬ӸȻͽץȥ̫˰Ҫһʿŵòκ飬ΪҲͽ͡
ȼһģһУˣȻһıöɣôǶһļʣ˵ҲǼİ
˾ͽȿϢһģһ㡱ץΪɨֻҪԼɨţôɱֻһе£
˵ģ˾ͽֹεĻɵļһ˲ʱ䣬Ȼ֮չ¶˳ɫĹâΪԣͬʱױγһƻ̶֡׭֮ı
ű˾ͽȴС
صһֱӰˣȻֱ֮ӱˣ׻ҲΨһ׭ıˣȴûдơ㱻ɣƮԶ
㲢սս֮һʥ鵤ʩչ׶ݣٶȷɿ졣˾ͽֱ˲˹ȥⲻսԶݻҪǸΪĴŲˡ
˾ͽȵķݲȻʶ㣬Ҫһʱ׷
ӣ˾ͽӣı󲽲ơڵ״̬൱ãʥ鵤ڸղҲѾԹˡˣǿɾûеҩˡ
һƬ̵Ĺ˾ͽٴ׷㣬ʱҲѾܳԶľˣ˾ͽ˫ֱԴ֮˵ȥ֪ӲԸΪĻҿǷŹ㡣
㲻û˾ͽίߣһ뵽һӵкǿͨԼֻƭԼŵ;䡣Լߣģ
ƫƫʱһʶ֮д˺һµĳ˯ˣ
ˣ˾ͽѾͷˣΪκĵĻ˾ͽȺȻͳ壬߾𷨱ֱ
αһֱѹƺĴڣѹסıʵѾ𣬾ˣȵҪǴʱѾˣӲ̶ȣɲ
ʵ˿̵״̬͸һ۷ǿߣֻȽϲң㾳
٣˾ͽȲʹκλڵ㣬ֱӾӸ£һն֮еĺҲȻ˳һͷҧĻƽ˾ͽһģǴû˵ôһͷް

αͺеĺɫײһֱۣһѪ˿̵װ죬ͺñķ˾ͽȵľʵǾ޴⣬Ǳ𵴵һӿ
һǵصӿʶָӰ㡣
𣡺һУʹѹ㶨һȴǼֳα˾ͽӲ
ӵ˱֮󣬵ֿҲǳֱ˾ͽѹһֻµһͬԼҲ൱ܣҧҧ˫һϣһ澭ӿļˡ
һһĲôֲġ
ֻЩʱ˵ùȿˮҲǺţ
ڵĵطʵﲻԶһɭ֣ɽβͻȻһͷȻǱģ羹ȻʮȽѾצֻгͷһӵϡ
ԶԶļԺɻʱҪ飬Ȼָֻ״СǹͻȻ˾ͽȻΪʲôķ֮ǿһܲʴԼķʱͷ͵Ϯˣ
ͻȻ˾ͽȸоҵۣ֮Լۣ˾ͽȻô£ΪʲôԼܵѵӰ죿зɱԲܣӶ༸ȷԼıʤ
˾ͽȴˣѵԤҲȲΪĵ˲ǰڱ
δεһ˾ͽȺһۣҽһ
ѹʱһɣըǿƣһ񵤣һ硣ҲһԼơ
໣˷˵ĻᣬʱƣյԽԽǿģȻֻǶݵģҲ㹻ǿˡ
ͻȻĵһαˣ˾ͽͫһԭڱһʱ侹Ȼܲסˡαֱӱҧ鳹ˡ
˾ͽȼæԼıȻҲһһһͨ
໣ƣֱӳ˾ͽȣıֱӱҧ飡߼״æ˲ߣǺʱѾɳˣҧŵĺһԶԶĿһĨ⣬˾ͽֱӱ˲֮ĵط˲˻
찡ʲôӣ˲ǵѪ⡣
ֱӼֱȡ˾ͽȵ׼˾ͽȻûüӦͿնֱˡ
һҵ֮Ʈ˳
һֱŻʳǵĶҲʱʧһʱʳ˶˿ֻź;㵣ʵˣÿ˴֮⡣ûж£˵ҵ֮ôĽѵҪ
һҵ֮ͷÿͷһصĽɫâǱȥɭּǱˡ
ˬʵĴЦѲк󸣰
໵ĴУ࣬Ȼ֮ϡú˾ͽȵҵ֮͵ϥ㣬źԼоΪѾָ۷ʱһˡ
磬Ҳһ˰ɣ
ʮߵȽѾɹνѾ治סʲôʱܶɹžŰʮһأϣԶɵľ˵İʮһ֮ɶǸʱܿˡ
ûбĿģȻȴļҡҪȥ磬Ǿ͸ǾܻȥˡҪǾԼϱǿ
ѹ˾ͽȵĴоԼָԣˣ˾ͽȣ澹ȻǼʮװĶ̫ˣֵҩ졢ķкܶ׭ֱǾǱذ
ô౦ãһ·Ծ˵ĶȥֻҪԽһƬ󣬾ܵǿߵĵط


2228 򲨺
һ·г̣ΪѾϾڣ·һЩʳûܵκεӡƬƫƧĵڵΪѾܺˡ
µĲͣ·ڸϵһԵ̲ʳĴ½С㶶˶ǻҳĶ񣬿һ޼ʵĺͷ̴ӦǺ纣̴
㲢ע⣬͵һԶͣϢһͨˡ
һΪٺ¥ĵطʱţбҪ˽һºɺһЩ飬ʡõʱԼ˸ˡֻո̤ջͿһ󼦷ɹһȺεҡ
ȷʵˡ
¥ƹֻǸͨˣôʿĶءֻͷһʿǶˣǽ븳˰³һڽ룬Ȼš
ʮֲ죬û뵽ЩŹӾȻͨ˶֡ǰұ֣ͨҪҲʮֵͣΪ֪ͨѹեʲôһݼ͵ҵ֮
Щ˵һң¥ĿҲϷˣ׷뿪ֻʣǸƹںޣҲһ˸λʵϰ壬ǻ⣿
ٵƹ޾ɵ˵λ͹ٺÿͰɣղҲˣǲ⣬С꼴ţ⡣
ƹ񣬵׶ٸ˰ôĵҲȥƹһģ㿴⿿ߣͷӦúܶŶԡѲڶû˳𣿡
ƹε̾˿͹֪ԭЩͨˣûʲôΪѵ˰Ȼ࣬ԴӰǰ򲨺֮ӵкز֮Ǳ̲ʳĸ˰ÿһᡣ
ȵʵޣҪѰ𣿿ʲôջ񣿶˵Ǹزʲô
ƹһ֪ӣ͹٣˵񣬾Ͳò˵Ǳ̲ʳʵۣǱΪ˵ѾɹžŰʮһѣΪˡǺ򲨺ġݴں¹زء
ͷֻЩǴ˵̲ʳĻʵۻΪ˵ײյ˶Ͼ·ˣֻ˸ߡ
ֻǴ˵ɣɵûʵʵ֤𣿡
аһЩںƮʿǻʵһǺҵģƹʹĲѵ˵ǴǿʼǸ˰һһᣬ˵ҪռԴ׼º̽Ѱ
ʼĩóһҵ֮ߣҲʮȾЩǴ˾ͽõġƹȲѣ仰͵õһҵ֮ʮȾҪɱ¾òӵУ
Цһ֪ûдҪԽ
̫ʵûлϾʵǺɲȥģ;кܶĺ˶ȥ޻أĶɵˡƹΪмһҵ֮Ȱ㣺洬࣬ʵȥڹ̴ѡ
㲻㲻˵˷ֺز̲֮ʳ𣿲֤ܺɶ𣿡
Ǿǣ˼ǻϾǿ߰ǻʵ۶ԽӴأһ˵ǸɺԭһʮˣʣѣҲҲȥˣѾڱ̲ʳˡ
ƹɫִԽΪģΪ˸лżȰ˵
ĵͷƹ񣬶лĽ飬Ҳ׺򲨺ģЩþƣһЩɣûԶڸжЩˡ
ƹΪԼ˵㣬˼һʮָˣ͹Եȡ
Ա㣬ϢһϣһͷǴûҪ򲨺ĴȻ֪ΣգԼڵʵ㻹Ǻĵġ
յаԵĹЩ˹ȻС󣬿ٺǵԭסȴǳ˲¹ͷĶħˡֻܵˣϾԼҪ뿪ˣܲܰǶɱ˰ɣ
ɱЩˣһֻ˶α겻α顣ؼǱ̲ʳĻʵ˴ѹΣĸԴ
ιףģȻһס㣬ԭֻǸģȴǱȥල˰ճɣ˵ҡһ˴ϻƨɶˣ˭ץһ
עߵϣĿǸˣͷҲصļ·
ѽȣǰСү㣬СүַŪ㡣
һʱͳһεĹΧÿ˵ʿԽʮȽѾ̾˿ȻǾСǵ˶ȹһݵİɡ
ͻȻǣһʱ˶ŵȶˣϾΪԭڣͽȻ֣̿һŵ˵ϡûκĵĻˣһУ˵ҵ֮ѵҲһյ
㻹ǵһʹûϾͨоһֻϸǿ󣡱ҵ֮һ˲䱻ԼչʧȥһʵˡΪʲôϾƿһʳĸ
ǰ˷׷׹أ޵ģǴˣ飬ǰ
ôԼأ㳯ָָЩϰգвѵʿ㳰ǵǣҡ
ӣ
ʧȥΪⱨӦˣ
ղչ¶ʵѾ˺ܶˣҶɵ˵ҵ֮ȴйзŭʱ̣һһǸɣ
ܿߵ˺ߣֻв٣ֻ඼ģǱ̲ʳٽʳȴûҪ򲨺Ĵֻʮʧñ̲ʳĻʵۻ֪ô򲨺Ǹ򲨺Ǳ߹˻֪·ôߡ
㵱ϣȻһ˲֪ιֻҲһˡ
ǳ;̲࣬ʳĶǣʶʶܸоɼǿƣͬһ£Ȼ˼йˡֱּ򵥵ߵŻʳĻʹ֮ڣʱüͷˣôоһħ
ѲʵħޣѪζرһ飬Ѫħ߻ӣ
򵥴ֱֱѪħ
˿ڿһ˵ưܻʳڣѪħħΪħѪɱ¾ϻʳڶûʲôˡͻȻѪħҲǶʱϾ۷ΪǺŵġ
ʲôˣѪħֱ³һѪֱ㣬߲ŲæһƬףЩѪͳͳ
ףô㣡Ѫħʶһɨ̷㣬Ī㲻Ѿ𣿡
ˣڻ鷳ٺ١һ֣Ʒ˸Ѫħһۺ죬ͻȻŶԶ˸źţҰˡ
СӣȻ֪ΪʲôôʱӵлϾʵǱ˵һ㣡֮ͬУܴʮΪħ⣡Ѫħһ˵һ߳
ʶһɨʳ֮Ȼ˼ٵĳսپǲܵģǴطɣϾѪħġѪ񾭡˻ܻһ̲ѪΪԽߣһ̲Ѫ۵ٶԽ죬񵱳߻ǰ㻺
ܿѪħһץ˵𼱣ҲߣͬˣһϣȽʡ¡
ʲôѪħ㵲ѣոոǸʿҲǸȵôĿΪмƷͺ˲𡣡
¬֣ãСдǾնɱǵ㣬ΣѪħĿʮֲƣȴŹųĴˡ


2229 Ѫħ
Ѫħȴ˹ѪħҲϵģ¬ʿ˵һֻǱһ䣬¬ʿȻףҲһԿšǰһǰһƬڶľ󣡴۵ĵɫħѪ۵ħͷӻʹ֮ӿȻڻʹΪūΪ澵ʿ
ħΪҲжʮȽѾܿͳ˹Ŀ꣬Ѿûиκοƺ˼Ĺ
ৣƬѪ⵶ն䣬ȴıܿˣʱѪħ¶һ˿мǣѪħһСӣЩħ˶ҳԼľѪɣÿһɱĴڡ
ݸһЦԼѪѪƵħ˵Ĺͬʱ˫ΪĿʼԴħ˵ħЦã̫ˣǴ󲹰ħ˻֪ô£ȫвˡѪ񾭡ķһ˲ͻΪУ˵Чʣȷܸߣ
Ѫħܼһһ·նв˰¾Щͽħʿԭ鿴ŽͷƤħˣѪιγһѪȷ籩ͳͳѪˮķһһգ
ٺ٣üһŵĶ¬ʿЦóħѪħһģһΪǷΪǣֻҪȱͲóĽѡ
Ѫħɫû뵽ԼѪһһ˲ˣҲ֪ΪʲôϴȴûԭԼƭˡ
ѪħɫôƺȻϴ㱨ȴˡȻҪɱһô֣ѪħҲǸ˲ţ罻Σ
ѪһѪħ̫ˣ㵭˵ѾͲˣѡһնԴɣһնġ
ѪħЦȤһΪҪͶأȻҾͳȫɡѪħΪһѪУһɨһħ̶㿴ѪɫѪгԼɨ˹
ֻ㲻㲻žѪа֮ǰаհԵϢѪħһ㶣漴ǾȺͲ˼һ˲䣬Ȼˣ
˲Ƶ䱳ԵεâɢͻȻĳǿȫѪħ֮⣬ѾѪħ˵ȫ˱ۣѪħһһűˣ
Һ֮ʱսΪ֮ݣʱĹñһǧֿ̡
ƻ߲֮ǴģѪħǱǿӲҲôһնͬʱ֪ӲӲ²Ѫħ𣬵˱˾һߣץԼնֱۡһţһŽӽԼƺһ˾롣
ѪħܿûԼֽţѾеһۣѹýӻȥˣѪħǷһֻ֣Ĵۣ
㣡㣡ҹҪ㵥
Ѫħıŭʶʿľջ̵̻ĹӣѪħ¾ǡ
Ѫħܿ׷㣬ôأЦˣѪħԴ󣬶ʮֵ͹ҪǻԼͲд⡣Ѫħ֮еĲмҲˣԼֱŭǰ׷ѹģ
ѪħҲսôʱܱøԼһǿǲżȻѪħʮ־ģղһ¡
Ѫħŭĺߵ㡭һúĥġ㾹һһֻ֡
ѪħͻȻù죬ֳȻٷѣųĸЦȫûзڣЩѣֻһЩһķսҲ¡ѵ뿿ʤߣǷʲôã
ٺ٣û㿳һֱֻ֮󾯽ŵ˺ܶ𣿡ķͻȻ㣬߼æаԱ
ѪħķըˣըѵĳǿʳǶ˺Хһ˶
аҲʧȥ˴󲿷ֵĹɫأ֪ѪħԵ޹ʵɱģͻȻ㷢ԼһƬѪ֮УȻѪѸۣͻȻԼȻһѪΧˣ
Ѫ񾭡ĸ֮ұһ̲ѪҪκʵ壡Ѫħʱ˿̾ǻΪһѪ޹⣬ȴһ
Ѫ֮ڣ㷢Լа־ȻܲסѪȾ㲻òףȫ
ûܴҵѪδ֮ѵģɣѪħЦ㳢ԼѪͼЩۻѪȴ޹ΪѪħѪ̫ǿˣֻᱻնѡ
ѵھҪ¶ԼĵƣǱ߻һ¬ʿء
Ѫ֮ڣ·һֻεĴֲϵĴ㣬Ҫǿ޷ģѪħӴһʼͷҲľжϣѪδԼǴҪĸ
εƣѾӵеѪ
ʱһӮӢ֮صĸоˣָоͨԼ˵ģȴԼһ⣡
㼱æ򿪴һжԼаĶһʵָһЩʹ׼ֵøһЩ
Ȼ㷢ұɭ֮ҵǿľһֱţľֻԵͽʿã޳ṩҵ֮ʿǿ
Ȼ뵽һܣԼľˣ᲻ͻأͻˣôƱҪ٣ôѪħ൱޳ĸԼֵ˰
вУҽѪħסԼԼ޷ʩչҪ뿪л·ץǿľһҧǺĵľ裬ҵ֮ȴǲͻһ磡
ּæڴ֮зңܰԼΪҩ鵤һԵȥҩڵ֮лô˵Ѫħ˵ֱĪġ
ֻҲ˲ôˣΪܲסǿ״ھ֮
Ѫħ״ǲǷˣϵ浱Լû취Ϊ˱ԼɢѪΣȻ뵽Ϊͻƽѣ٣ѪħۣʱԼѪΣͽˣŻΧףЩ׿Ѱƻ侪ˣ
ѪħüͷֹҪһ£Ƴˡ
ֻѪħѾȲһˣѾʼ͵ΣգΪһͻƣͬʱҲܵӰ죬ͻʮȽѣʮߵȽѵӭһ١
һ׼ֱӴԴֱϣ
ǻѪħѪڱ㰡ѪħƽױһһףǼ࣬ƺһϾ֮Ľ׿Ǻǿģ
ѪħɢȥѪεʱֱѸкµĽ״һ¡ۿѪħѪ뿪ˣ㷴ճ˹ȥˣѪħεʱ޷Ѫδ״̬
žһףѪħѪӿ۵ֱУƽ㿸װѪħѸٻر壬״֮ȴû̫Ӱ죬ɼѪħ֮ǿᣬͬѰ
ʱȻӳѪħѪΣȴҪԽʮĵˣ


2230 ﷫
ͷƣȴǲĵĳ˹ףû¹Ѫħ׺ˣӣ
㲻мĹɽپҪʵʵĶɽ𣿵ǿ㹻ͬʱٺʱкξ¡
Ѫħмһ˦֣һѪеͰС
ĵ״˿⣬ʣԼʶ֮еĴ׶˺Ҫʹֵǿģǰ㻹̫ں¡
ֻҪڸǿĽ׵֮ǰѪħˣҵ֮Ǿܹ٣
žһ״˿ȴѾ嵽ѪħԣѪħ͵ſڣһѪ˳ʴ㣬廯ģѪħڵ˲̣ʱƭԼ۾ģ
һ׽һףǰ󲻹ĹѰ
㰵ЦղһǼٵģ״ģĿľƭѪħġʱѪħһ׺̾ڱ
ǿޱȣݺݵնǳ䲻⹥ޱѪħһ㻤Ҳǵֻ֮ͨնˣӿѹȹȥ׹塣
ߣѪħնһӣæѪݡ
ֱʱѪħſѣԼԵһǶôĸ֣ӵеķǶôҪѾˣӭѪħȴӰѪħΪԼٶأʵЩҲķԼѡ˵ɲǼ֮Ѫħֱ治ĸĸǼ٣Ϊÿһͷͬʱн״
ǶĽףȴѪħ޷ֱ棬ĸ棬ĸ٣һɲǵĳɣȴҪѪħ
ֹУаأ
ʹѪħһɲǷͻȻѪħ·Ѫħһͷô£Լ棡
žһ׺ݺݵֳſһ£³һھѪõѪϴ񣬵âǣ硣ֱȡѪħͷ
ѪɽѪħڸո㵲һֱ֮ܵӰѪħһΪѪħûУ
Ѫ񾭡ǿҲʶѪħô׵ıԼɱš
ȻѪħһ̲ѪڵϣҪɱҪǿֶΣ㿴һʼնԱ߹ۿ¬ʿ᲻ᶯֹԼأԥıͷȴǿò˸ƣƺҪֹԼ
㵱ϣ˫һģ۳ǿУͬʱպõߵ״һ˳һף֮У㵥ָ߾٣׹âҫգ١
٣ݺݵȥӴܵ׺ݺݵѪħһ̲Ѫ֮ϣþû֮ȥϵѪħѪ֮ŰƱҪѪħ̲Ѫڵ
žһ״Ӳܣھŵ״㣬ѾЩʹˣŵʮŵԼͲòʹֵˡֻȻǼƷҲ޷ģô̬ǿֻ³ŵʮҪˣ
ٴô˵ĵâϯأѪħ̲Ѫ׺ϵĽɱ֮
¬ʿֵĻôɵĻɱѪħ¬ʿͲ֣·һжһ
գ㿹˵ʮ׵ʱѪħˣջ׸ǿ󣬡Ѫ񾭡Ѿ޷ָˡ
ѪħһΪΪһʵҵ֮ʱ㼱æúգ̼䣬ͷĽʧ
ϥƬ̣Լʵֵõ˼ĻָѾǻϾ۷ˡ̧ͷ¬ʿóѪħϵãܹǿ˰ɣ
ΪĮӣ㹰ʵѪħܹĻʵۡ
¬ʿмЦħаͿߣҪһɱġħ˴Ϊۣ޹һɱ¾ķ룬أ
ֻƯˣֵõִ򲻹Ż͡¬ʿֹסҪ㣬ħͷɱҲ츣һ
ȻԭѪħɱ¾̫࣬İİ֣ģ¬ʿ˵ƯʱĴ¬ʿò꣬Ĳ߲ҲЦž͸һֲŭĸо
㹰ֵղҲ¬ֵĲΪһ󣬲֪¬ܷأ
£¬ʿ̾ԼҲҪɱɣ
æ֣Ц¬ֲؽţ²޶⣬ֻҪ򲨺֪¬ǷʲôõĽ飬سꡣ
¬ʿЦˣһ׳յģ㣺򲨺һˣЦˣҵǸһϾĩڵĴ֣ǿʮȽѾһãã֮С
㿴ó¬ʿ򲨺һĿ־壬ⲢӰԼ򲨺ľģʵѾϣ¬ָṩһЩ
ȻôҲȰ㡣¬ʿóһңкͼЩ˾෬̽ĺͼ·ֻǴһ˵Ĵ½ﺣżѡǽƯġ
һϢˣԻϧǱ˴ߵǻ
ںͼ֪¬ʿԭһ˵ĿľͲ򲨺һߣûдﵽżĺ·ֻдӺż򲨺һߵĺ·
ô㣿˵ǲĶ
¬ʿʼ磺ҪѾȥˣѪħˣҾͽʳɣ㣬ں£Ųţ
ҡҡͷܶ˵һлˣټ
һĺͼܹջ񣬶Ҳ֪ʲôҲ֪һżӦǱȽΣյĵطԼƿͺˡ
ȻҪһҼοĴˣһҴȴûκԸ򲨺ҲܱȺвˣֻǶһ·ˣһ̣Ȼоһɼį
ãã󺣣Զȥ½أ紵ζľԼļң̲סƿڴ̵ģô䵽ôҵľذ
ǺǺǣֻҪ㲻ǿһԶ˶Ը㡣ʶ֮˵һ䡣
㵹˺𣬼æ˶󣬺ųһŽ⣬һͷצСȴܲ硣ʱĺֱֻ۴Сӵʵ֮󣬺ȥҲôˡ
ʵı徹ȻǴ֮У㵹˵˵жʷˣ
Ҵ̫ˣжãѾˣһΣҲЩҡӵ˱֮ƺҲԸ㽻ˣתֵҸоУеĵҲҺϲҲһֱ㡣
һָо㲻ẦԼһֱôΣѶкæŶɹں廹ǱȽεġ
ָǰãã󺣣Ȼܶ㶼ǵˣ򲨺ôߣûӡ󣿡
Ҳǿһ޼ʵĴ󺣣Ȼһת
㻹ʲôܰҲûôָ𣬼﷫ǰСֻ̫䣬ÿ㿴Ķ򲨺ҲûʲôرޣֻһЩͨĺ࣬Ŀսꡣ
һʼ㻹ô֮еĸҩҪĵҩʱ䳤ˣҩƳɵ
ֿʼдľʯһһɽȴƳһƷ鱦ѣΪʵûƵǻ̫˼ˡ
˿ĺУһ࣬˵˶ûУڰ಻סˣҪҪȥ¬ʿץһأ


2231 籩
ʮģѾ򲨺Ʈ˽ˣ֮ڶһˣҲû˵ʲôˣ㻹һûƾֵҩָΪᵼٵʱʧɾͲֵˡ
Ҳ׼ʶ򲨺жˣ
㲢ǹ⿿ٿطģÿǰУŷĿľԼʱϢƬ̡Ϻеٶȵͬȫɡ
ͻȻоһҵۣ֮Σգк㷴Щ˷ܣ˵ѵһɱ¾е֮ĿľǱңԼԼƿأƿѡ
Ƚѵ⵽˭ˣвԼûйϵؼǲһããƯ
㿴ĲʲôҲʲôܣһźƷ籩һľں֮ϣһۿȥٵʮƷ籩ۣЩĺƷ籩֮УȻźͺˮͬɫĵɫ
һУǱˣôأԴʱΪӲϾʮƷ籩
ҽһ٣һӴٿŷæ߷ɳۣٶȼ죬𽥷֣ԼƺˣԶĺƷ籩ȴǼӴ󣬲ֹʮţǺƷ籩˲ŷǽǧţûһŤһ޴һСɽ
̿ˮǸƵķڣȻγһرԼҪɹȥҲѶȡ
һԾң˷ŽУ߿շȥȻϣɵһʱ򣬾һĪͬʱЩ·˿һȻ˴һ㳯ץ
ô£һȣһŰĵâһŲݵľһ𡣾ȻҲûƿٸ߿֮п棬̿ˮǰȥиĺƷ籩ֱҪ
Ӿ㵵ľǣЩƷ籩ʮֹںȻں㶼ǲĸ˳Լǣȥˣ
ЩƷ籩ںϵһɲǣǿϵһҶֱۣӱ˽ȥ㱻ȥһɲǣ̴һȫͬʱȻ֮ףа֣з׭֮úԼȫ
˵ǲ㱣ˣֻϵùˡ
Ʒ籩ȥһɲǣں̼ʧղŵһжϷ󡣶о͵һУ屻˦òͣתصȫʱ˦ˣ˯
ͷȻ֮ѾܲסѹڡаҲâаҪǶԸҵ֮۵ɱ¾ȴôõķֶΡ
תѵʱ򣬷ԼȻ֮ѾûˣȻЩϧܻо֮źܶǣѹáЦҲᱻЩѹɣ
㻷һȦΧĻһΣطĹЩر𣬲չ⣡εǽ֮Ƕźܶҹ飬ÿһŶȭͷСʶҲΪô˷ݳ޵¸еȡһζѰ
ûκڣβСʮָɾˣλôɾģ
ЩƷ籩Ȼ˵Ūģҵۣ֮һٻûɹȥ˫գ뵽ǰ¬ʿõϢ˵ǾػżԶ
֣磬Щ˼Ȼͬ壬ôôѵأԽѵԣɱ¾޷ǿǿô⺣żҪɱľֻͬˡѲЩ˶ǲϲôȻⲻܡ
ͻȻ洫Ų㼱æװ
֨£εŴ򿪣һһŮȽᣬƾνĺһˡ
ٻãץΪͦʮ˵ȽѾ㿴౦ܵѹء˵һˣЩֺ֮ӡ
Ǭ磬һѾ򲨺е޶¾ˣ򲨺ߵʿҲ࣬˵һΪȻΪŵ֮ĽٻĿһۡ
Ǭԭ˧˲мһߣʲôģ½ˣǲɱˣ˾ͻɱǡǵıأٻã㻹̫ˣ˾ͽɱɣæȥˡ
ǬһߣŸһ۾Ŵ˵ĶԻ֮һЩõϢЩҪɱԼȡߺһҵ֮ξŮĵرȽɱԽĹЩų⣡
΢ˣ˻еȻԼǾǾһ;ǿԵġ
һ˫¹סĳȣǸĸŮӡ߻Ͽȥ
ɫ¹ɫɴ£¶ľɼǣȹѩ¹⻪кڵأ࣬ʹò̬Ӻ
ǧ˿÷ͷΣһ˿ǰʩ죬ֻɫ˫ձֵĺӪһִ绨Ľۿɰ˺׷ɵĺ͸ıѩ
㾪޲ֹ΢ʧЦǺǵ˵лȣղЩƷ籩һΪԼҪء
Ľٻһ㿴ֻһ񣬲ûЩǰ㣬е¿ˮЩǶʱʱԼΨˣһ˲һ㶣ͱ峺ޱȡ
ЦŮ𣿲ˣҪ㲻黨ǲˣֻ뿪Խ򲨺ѰԻϧ
ĽٻݸһЦҿûо㣬ǵ󷨣ץģҲҪˡ
㾪ȵ˵ܾûмʵˣоá
ޣ˶ܲʵ𣿡ĽٻһӣϷˣȻЩ˶ǳ򲨺棬û뿪򲨺Ȼô棬ⲻص㣬صԼԽˣ
ЦҰȡߣҾ͸˵˵ˣôʵòã
ĽٻüһƭңûţлϾʵҪƤ߻ԵġĽٻҲǻϾʵͬҪץһһҪӵ˻ǱȽѵġ
ȻŮӻô޴ô˵ֻΪԼĿ̵ѣֵһô˯Ÿ˵ܲ㰡
ҪƭңĽٻơ
ֻͻȻ䣬ĽٻЩԥ˵ѾɱˣȻҵ֮дõĶ뿪ˣ಻סĺ棬˰֮С
㿴óĽٻĺ棬ȰգѹҶ˵ģҲҵú壬ǰһЩףʲôУ˵˵硣֪ҵĹԭˣ
֪кܶϹ塣
֪֪λ֪鶯Ƭ𣿡
㼸ǺˣΪĽٻѾˣԼ˵һЩȤ
ȻĽٻ֣ʵʲôǰ鶯Ƭ
ЦһźܸѧʣҪͬɣԹڵʣ򡣹Ըϸ㽲˵
ĽٻͷǺãҾһ


2232 һ
ƾ㾭൱ڱ˼ӵˣͰԼı״дԽ´ͷʼ˵𣬲ֿ˵һĹ£Ƭεģмźܶ滨֮
ĽٻȻʱ䡣
ܵĽٻ˵µˮƽҲǲɫһЩͶĽٻһ侳ĴӶĺ棬ʡѾغһ崫ͳͺ֮ҡڲ
òͬĽٻĽٻԼˣӦȥʶ硣
ĽٻĶҲں׵ʵڼܲסա⺣żһеڳϻЩϼһУΪԽԽ࣬ԼһѾʼ¾򲨺֮еޡ
Щã;򲨺ʿɱյǵҵ֮
ÿյһ˻ɱ¾Ľٻʵ滨ĸ棬ЩĶ
Ѿ˺ܾˣǸǬֻˣ㻹ûãϻôʲôû֣
Ľٻ˼ѾһĺøУ㲢ûԼɫǸĽٻʮֺõӡ
磬˵Ĺ£ͦȤġĽٻΪ˵һҲ
Ǭ֪֣Ƕ˵ˣ˶ͲءӶŮˣ¾ǵˣǵıأ˶ƭӣšҪǳ֪ˣ϶Ҫץȥ˼
ǣ֪粻˵ġĽٻЦǺǵĴǬȻ磬ĽٻǱȽεġһ󼤶ͷٻĻȻ˵Ҳðɱ˰ɡ
üͷʱʱȻһеģǵùǲģղΪԼĽٻѾϵͷһЩѹ˺ܶࡣ
Ҳ˵Ѿһ
ֻﲻϤȻչĸòɵһ뿪ˣѾݲˣʶֻܼţߺߺߣƭˣҾʵһϢɣ˵ˣ
㻹ûأ֮ǰ¬ʿԳ˵ˣż̽գЩӦһЩ˽⡣
׺ݵ˵ǵѾۼǧ֮ڣÿһǸֻ֣һǰˡǣߺߺߣܿҪˡ
ǬĽٻɫһ䣬æ˳ȥҪȷĻҲΪӮһЩʱ䣬㰵ЦЩ˻Щ۰
ĺҧסѹϵǳƫɫһʽֻҪܿסһʼһɲǣһʣҶʵ
ڹϵȻ࣬ȴûԭôˣֻĹմһᣬ¶һ˿ЦݣԼѪ
ʵڲҰٷ֮ٱ֤Լ߳ȥǺżڲϤİطԸһЩʱ䣬Ǽܳȥ
εʹִ죬Ѱ޷ƿЩ˵ȻãнӡһֱСɵĴӷ϶֮ȥ
ҲԶվſڣһģֻͨ鱦ȷʵãһУ̰ΰסȻ󻯳ǽһģһĴڣȻһֻû֮ǲϸĵĻǻῴ۵ġ
ԼѪ㹻ע⡣
Ȼϣ˳ȥ飬ʱ˾۷˻ǬܻȻƭӣȻƭңҲ㡣
ǬֱһѪĹȱˣĽٻһ磬ộ
ٻãЩһթǣ㲻šǬ
ѪҲ༥ֻ·ûԲǵ¾ͱץҪɱ˭ǲǣ˭Ƕħ㻹Լ𣬹Ȼ˲Ҫ͵ҪƷ
Ľٻܴԭ֮һһӶ棬ȴǵģܵĽų˵һжа񣬿ɱ¾ġĽٻܺǷˣŶԶرҲ仰رид
˵ĺܶԣֻ·˽ûκζԲǵ£ȴҪɱҪԼġĽٻףȴû˵Щͬˣԭϵûˡ
ǬֱһŰѪȳ⽴ѪȱĽٻӷС
ֻѪûеκҵ֮Ҳûκη֮ĶĽٻһܿ˿һԤУûĽٻӣоرȤ
һû־ܵˡĽٻĵ
ǬûӴôϸˣƵôܣԴûˣҵ֮û۳Ľٻ˵ʲôĻȥҵֶ֮ΰɣȻûջǾ߰ɣҲҪȥˡ
ǬǺһЦٻʴӱδȣһܻóϽʱɱ˽Ұ
ģлĻһ㡣Ľٻ̲ӦǬǬγһԱȣȻĽٻݺ͵λΪ߹һЩ
֮¶Ȼ̸Ѫһʶٿطһ̲ѪȻ壬һӻָ
ѪͺһαڣֻܺʶӦ˾͵ԭʶˣôͳһƵľżֻҪôһʶѪգܴƿˣνʮַ㣬ƭһЩʶˡ
Ҫߣȴ۷Ľٻɫ΢䣬û뵽Ů˲һƿܲ³Լû
ϣ˼ͬʱзһһһһĽٻеһԳȴһָϸȻҲǵ
ĽٻȵƷðԵ֮
㵭һЦҸԩ޳𣬻ǧ磬ΪҪΪңֻ··Ҳ𣿡
㲻˵˵ͬΧǺһ𣿡ĽٻΪŭø⣬˫ü޳˱һ˫Ŀֱ˫ۡ
˼˵ˡǲҲȥҲûʲôͬ飬ֻ򲨺ȥӵиӶǿʿĵطϻ˵㵽Ƿһǲңһֻһ˦һŲ֡
ĽٻüһܴӮңҿǷߣ
һΪŵ˵һģʱɱġ
Ľٻף֮ͬһû֣


2233 ϷŮ
ĽٻĶԻһһ롣漴Ľٻһ˦һĵɱ˹ĽٻĿ֮оȻɵһ˲γǧʣ㿴ƺһȴֲ̺ԪԼ򲻶ͽܵĽٻһֹ
⺮ǣղ׼ǰһ˦
ĽٻʹһȴǿȻԿԼķɵ󣬹ƤЦ޴ȻǿҲ֧ŵõҵķɵɱɶ׼
ȻҪֻ籩һķɵһ¶ѣһ̣һ˦𣡰ĵâ˳ȥѴ󲿷ַɵնɷǼƷǿ
ʲôĽٻȻǿһǧѷɵ׼۳ɷɵ󣬾Ȼһȥʧ˴ɵǴû£
ߣĽٻƿһ룬ҲǵһĽٻ˶룬С
˦㣬ͬʱҲñ˪һ㿴Ļ֣Ե㹥Ķֱӹᴩ۵ı˪֣ƣȴûˣĽٻ󾪣ղſԸȴûʶ㣬Ľٻſʶ֮ʱȴǷ㳤ڱ
Ľٻʧ⣬ˡ
бĽٻĸʵķȴԥ֮ɫĽٻǺȻЦߣѵΪһֵ᷸ͼϵˡ
Ľٻһڣ˵б֮ĵƮƮâ˸ģֱӵĲУײĽٻֻؿѪӿǾĲ࣬ôóԽġ
ʵ㻹Ѿˡ
Ľٻָһ뵹󱳣ȻЦ˵ҾֶֻΡԸҲ㹻ˣ
Ȼᶯ˫յһһɨ䣬âը䣬ӲİĽٻˣмаһţԵ㹥ǿȴҲ޷ͻа֣νŶĳٷǰ
ĽٻĲſסĵ棬ɢһɿֲֻڵѾ̫Щˣаֹâһǣһ֮һƬͣĽٻôԣһθоѹд󺧣˵սʮַḻսһָսĸоʽ򵥣ȴǡõλʩչĸо
ɵô˫ַɿĽӡһžһ
Ť׵˲£ȴǴĽٻǱϵĶ룬밤һʧȥײһϡᵶǰĽٻҲͬʱеϸɽһֻ˦ķɵһһҵİ㡣
Цɱ˫ͫһɣĽٻ󾪣æ˫Ŀ֪ʹûҪܣȻŮУ΢΢һ䣬ͷһɺ⣬һ˫۱СֳĽٻ
ĹΣһ˲Ľٻ֪Լ˫ʶΪĲ಻ûдˣԼһνͽ޹
ֺĽٻķɽϣĽٻҧԼ»ֻͨܲסƷĶӲҲˬ˲ϧߵãòмֱ£ұΪҾˮƽһз飡Ľٻ̨Ԫؼ׵֮
һŰɫӣȻˮףһˮףеĻᱻˮʮֹ졣ֻʲôûʶʶ֮еױǧ׵綼
Ūף˵׵粻ʱܵʯм֮ϣΪ촷ۣ˿˿©˿գۼεˡ
ҪĽٻһ׵ƿظ֮ϣֻ渲ףƳһУˮ״ʱͲò˳۶ɵж߶
ֻڱĵȦֽȥ֮󣬾һɢһ㶼û㡣
з籩ĽٻʮֳԾⲻǴ˵еô᣿
һЦƫһżСطȻʶ٣Ҳֶ̫ܶᣬԸȴˡ
֮⣬㻹иǿľУȴûʹĽٻʮգҲǺһ֣֮û뵽ͻȻһ˸ˡ
Ľٻˣ趯»ɽֻǹֽ˸գһץĽٻ
ĽٻһȻӦ»ɽԶԶĹºˣץԼ֣Ҫ֪ԼС󶼳˸û֡
ֻһɱЩ޹ǣЦôˣҲУҸԩ޳ҲΪġ
֣Ľٻߣң
û𱬣㿴ȥʱôأǵжԹϵôҪһͿƤЦ˵ֺûҲץһ㣬죿
Ľٻˣһﻹ˼£һ΢һԼȫ
٣ĽٻһţҪ˵ʱ߿֣ۼֿ죬һֻֻĽٻ֣ץסĽš
һ
ĽٻֱӱһƵȶֱˣĻǲġ
һĽٻֱӱǰѹϣ˵൱ĽٻŵϵϢˣﻹԼ˽֮Ľٻܻſң
㶼˵ˣзſ𣿡ĻЦ㡣
٣ĽٻһֻֿŻ˹һסʱʹĽٻһС
㣬ſңĴ򡣡
㿴Ľٻյı飬ҡҡͷ㻹̫һ㣬㵹˵˵ղ˵ĻҴӮ㣬Ųߣ
ţĽٻ˵Ҹ㣬۸ӣɲô뿪ġ
ȻƭңôŲҴƨɣ׶вĽٻͷңҴƨɣһɱ㡣
һŴģʲôûһ˵һɿĽٻֱӳƨɾһġ
Ľٻȫ뵽㻹ǸҴԼƨɣɺһﻹԼĽأ
ִһ£Ľٻƨɺõ԰ŵ⻹ǱζЦŲߣһҪ򣬷
㣡޳ܣĽٻѾ֪ԼǴ򲻹ģƫƫŽ㣬ɲһֻ뿪ʶֻôţһᱡԼ
ʵŲߣ˵ˣӮͷߵġû뵽ҲһõˣҲգҼˡ
Ľٻз·𱻴һ£æҲǲõˣֻҵĹǣȥǿҪġ
㲻м˵ʲôƨ棬ҲǸ˵ҹγɵɷǲǹƽģĺһ壬е涼ԱϻΪĿĵģһŴûСǿѲߣ뿪ʲôƨءûõĹ𣿻ˣǲѾˣ뾭ѵ̫ظ
ĽٻͫһĻ統Լĸĸһ޸棬һ˷Գϻᣬͨıõ档ȴΪߡԼ뾭ѵǳظ
ҿȥ뿪˾ͲҪˡĽٻԥ˺һͬˣ𣿡
дϲϤ˰Լ뿪ò顣ɿĽٻһЦȻˣҵһۿ͸оǸеĲͬ㴾ܶࡣ
ҿɲΪҡĽٻǱ˪ȸһ·ܶ˶ʶеͬ·ķǺܲͬЩΡ
ͷĽٻ·ǴɫղߵǬҲһɫ£㱾ǸɫĲϴ䣬ϸ⣬ױֵġΪ뿪ȻЩ仯
Ľٻ֮ŷﻹǺף߶ִСһҹ飬ˮһ󷨣ذԼҲһ
ȻǰͷһѲ߶Ľٻ㵽һԵĺ׾ʯ֮£ֻʯͷ֮϶ЩխС˲òһĽٻѩֱӺϣѹɲͬ״
Ľٻüͷһ壬ʱܰϳȥֻռԼˡȻ˳Ľٻ˵Ǳиˣ˭ѽ


2234 ǿ
Ľٻľʯ϶ȴΪ˿½һɫĹװµȷЩԡĽٻʱŵĶ˶ЩϤԼʶˣ
ĽٻһۣԥǾ˾㡣
Ľٻ˲ñģæ¡֮ȹڣ˶סȻŻպʱһѲߵ˵ˡ
ӵһЦԭٻãôĽٻŹֵתһص˵ܣܸ㣬㲻Ҫ˼Ůӵ¡
ҲͨͨȻĽٻȹ㣬ȴû·ڵģԼͽĽٻȣط̫ˣûбĵطŲĽٻڰԼΪѵһ̰ɡ
ţЩ۰ûһ£Ȼ壬ơ
ĽٻСһѲߵļ˶ֵĿĽٻռ㣬ҲŹģ
ٻôˣһ¸ϽҸ̬ȣڵʵ̫ˡĽٻίľܾصıʾŮܡ
ͬһˣȻ˵ȥ˶뿪֮ĽٻæųһֹѽҶƨɲҸѬˣ
Ľٻߵ޳ܣϽҪҵĳŵҲˡ
ٺٹ˵û뵽㻹ǸŵˣܳɴֵֻطȴЩѶء
ҪܣܺԼɡĽٻգȻûиղźͬˣܺ棬ĸĵأ
һǣ·ʵǺܶģ㿴Ż͸оЩһЩƫԶĵطҲûҹԶԶȽϹĵطĸоһĴ䡣ûʲôΰĽ
˺ܾõ·һľ߹ģӺ֡ʮ־ȵķﾹȻģģ˵ϵĳΨû̫ҹƬס
ĽٻļһͦΧǽмԺзᣬûбˣһ㿴λϳĸĸ㰵ȣĸ˫һŮܻôҲװɡ
ŵϣĽٻһ·ȻŮװ
ˣҡ
ĽٻеЦ˭ҵϷңҪϷˣߣ
Ľݱ˪㵽״޷뿪Լ߰ɣˡҲԶͣ
㣡ֱ߲òͷû뵽ԼҲʱҴ
ް취ߵһˣǹԹɣ֮Ľٻ̲סЦһʤ߰ŷȭ֪ﲻǰɣߡȿȣ֣Ҫ֡
㴩·ĽٻѾҪ˵ģʮֽϾģʣĽٻޱ˵ܺãǳɡԹңһ㶼ǸŮ飬еĺ׻⡣
һۣû취Ҳֻˡ
Ľٻ˵ŮװȽϺʣĽٻҡڵӵɳ·ϣкһ˸кҾ󲿷ֻˣǿĽٻ֪·ǴһƷҪռС
ĽٻһֱòĸǻشȻİѷŭйԼͷϣʱıĪҲ˸˽ŮˣһֱǴ˰
ĸĸû˼ʵһɡԣʵΪ㱾ģҪ뿪ģ޼ɵıԼҲĽٻԸԭ֮һ
ĽٻߵһԣЩϾɣһ̨ʯ뻹ЩɬµϹ֣󷨻Ҫҵ֮һɫķ籩ι˴͵֮ϡ
㿴˿ܣȻǴż
ƺкܶһľ޴ʯĩ뺣ףȻǰһ֮ǣһںˮζչ⣬ڳˡ
ͷĽٻ㲻ʶһ𣿸һ߰ɡ
ĽٻЩĶȴҡҡͷߣҪҸ޳֮ͽȥֱǳ˵ΣԸԼһ뿪߰ɣңĽ㡣
Ȱ˵ˣҲգÿΪԼ·ѡ
򿪵ͼһ򼲷ɡӺż·ʼкͼˣ;лм֮أżǿޣӼȥǾû£ȫ·еͼ
һʱ䣬ͰԭķӴ֮óڼװ֮ϣо쳣ɰӹһˡ
ͻȻ㿴Χ⣬Ȼֱ˳һˣÿ˶лϾڵʵ
һĵԼôùɣҵ֮ôûأѵЩ˲ɱԼģ
㿴һ£˸֮У֮꣬ŮĮŰΧסƺһϧ
ȻʶʲôԼһ·ʹ绹ûأղΪӳ̫˷ˣˡ
ŮһɽʿһԵͬ顣
еİɣ㲻̫࣬Ȼôôصã
Ů̫࣬ץһͷҰ׽ŮƢȽϼ𱬣ֱС
㹰ֵλǰֻ·Ҵ򲨺һȥ򲨺һ档
һЦȻ˵ѡһһ漴ͻԭװЦһ¬ʿĺͼȥ򲨺һߡ
˼óһźͼмˣΪͼϵıʾҲ֪ҵͼ˵ǡղǸƢŮ˵Ӧ¬һ˵ģû뵽ʣһˡСӣ˰ͣȱء
һˣԼҪǿ°
ҪȥһЩǡ³֮ǴȥɡϾǾǴ򲨺һ߹ġƢŮֱҪ룬Ŀ˵ҪߵĻǾͱǲˣɱ˶˵Ǻͨ顣
㿴Էа˸ˣÿһǻϾڣӲƴĻʤ㲢ߣϾʵ̫ԶˡǻϾڣȻ޾塣
ֱЮòЩԺż취뺣ȥ룬ĽٻٿԼһʲôıأ
ϤЩҪҵĶ飬һ˵ƾžŰ˺һ٣ɶɹ
ż֮ڣһȺԳΪػšֿܵžŰʮһ٣ôջ
ѵЩΥϾ֮ĽףĿ࣬ھ޴󣬻ûһҪһν٣ûоòΪٵǿζԿأ
ôһ;͸ʿʮֱˣǾɱ¾ѵ⣬ҵ֮ǲʧģֻᱻգҵ֮ԽԽ࣬۵ܻһЩǿߡ
ǿĶ˭Ķأֻһ߻ᣬ
ʵ֪ô뺣һ󷨣ͷıΪʿһۣ㻹֪и󷨡
һЦҲǽҵѡ
˰޲ݣΪܴǸ㣬ޱǿѣͶԾɫȻʵ˵ֻҪĵȴǽ뺣׵ĺ÷


2235 󷨱Ե
ɫһֱĵȴţ㻹óһԼƵ鱦ɽãЩˣʾԼûʲôмֵı
ɫ߹յʱãжˡǰǸƢŮĵֿ죬һ̵ı顣ȻһѪɫ̣ԹѪȣ㿴žֱûͷȻһħö˵ľѪƶɣ
Ѫ̿ʼ֮𽥱վȥѩ³ȻǾµסħܳܵס򲨺֮µˮѹ
ѩ³ٶȺܿ죬Լɶˣʱ䣬ǱʱǱԺһڵλøеȲѣɲˣֱǰ˰
Ѫ̵˼ؼãǱž͸ˡʶɨûʲôޣһЩͨѣ򲨺ó档
ǱһʱѾˣ֮£û˸̤ȥһ֪߳ȥԱѹĽࡣ
Ӧ߰ܵﺣһĸԵȥ֮һҪСģǵαװǱȺ֮С
òٿѪֱֱ̣ǰƶܺںһƬޱȣ·һ޵磬ҲɵЩˣƺǰͻȻһͷһڰԼ˸¶ȥ
ͻȻ֣ͣǰʲôûУֻóһָͷСĺˮɢŵĹâЩŵ˵ǰһЩ
㷢ԽǰеǿˮĹâԽͻȻˮɢŵ˼£ͬʱҲֽһϸСĹâæͣãͣѾ󷨱Եˡ
㰵棬ȻıܿδλãǼʶˡֻµ󷨱Եν밡ѲýԪԪֻǶͨЧѣںһ岼µӴ󷨣ȴһôûа
̾õˡ
ʿҲһȻƿ󷨵ı飺ӵǼȻûġ
õҲǻ˲
һУһ̫Բ̣ͰƴоⷨǿϢˣⲢǼƷǱȵʥ飡
ʥѾǷôˣѾһĴڣһֻʥЩ̣ɾͷʽҲûиףҲѯľŵֻ֪ľûиʥԴ
Ҳǵһμʶʥ飬ӵƷжٲࣿ
е̫Բ̻ŤתٶЩ죬ųһŰ׹⣬տһȻֻֻǴ󣬲˸Ѫֱ˽ȥô򵥣
㲻е̫ԲȤʥķжǿǸȻΪʥܳΪһ֮еͷߣϾÿ˵ΪԶһѹߣûй֮ġ
˽طֻǺһԵĵطǺڰɳʯһ߸ߣ㡣һԼı飬¶һ˿Ц⣺ҪţǵĿҲ֪ȫȫЭǣôٲġ
øӣҲװܳ㣬ʵǰ˶ˣŽʲôģҲϺȵġ
㣬һرĸоҪ˵һ״תͷԶɫصĸ˵Ѿǵһ̽Ѱһĵˡô˳⡣
˶ֵǲҲһξܵ֡죬֮ûջＯ̡ȴ´εĻᡣҪǲҪ¶Լģºһ˵оֹ
ĵͷҲͷԵģûмͨһǱõ顣˷ͷжϾһطܴ󣬵һú̽·úôУô̽·ǱǾ͸˱ˡ
ţоԣһѲ߶ԶԶľ͸оЩ˵ҵ֮Ҳһ¡
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Ҳûбֵһؼ
Щ߹֮ҲȻĸϣľߵĵطˣʮĴ䣬ҹĹâǲչʹСѹ
㷢˴ͨˣӦ޷ԴˣֻܳΪһͨˣںϣˡ㱾𲢲żųһӵʮƵĺɫ¾ģ·ϣȲ£˾һж군ˡ
ǸҲֻǷһ̲ѪҲûϵıźɫĲ϶ڴһʯ֮£ʹ죬ðյ黹ǲҪΪá
Ѫͬˣܶ飬·Ҫ¼ģͺһרҵļһ߹ͬĴ䣬¼²ͬĵΣѲߵʿʱ䣬ͨ۲캣һˣģǵķ
һ˶Ƚƫܸйأ˴кסڵġĽٻһЩ˹Ագ޷̽ʲôϢķڱļӻȦȽ϶˵ĳȥ
ȴû֮ôˣǱ֮һʱ֮رƫƧĵطǷЩ⣬ʮֻоеλݵˡ
㻹һﲼһ󣬻Լֽȥˣǵùأأ
ֱһͷ׵޼󷨣ʱ̾ϾŰϵЩŹְһ뷢ҲǺڰཻ⻰ʱˣ۳ϣϴǶɽôڮʲôٹŹ֣ȻԼҪ
۳ϻһڣߵһΪǲͬû뵽Ҳô޴οеĿɵ㣬㳳ܵġϴεгϻᣬû˵ȥˣ
Ͼвƣʵ˵ôɣڱչͻءϾαǺһİΣΪҲǱȽϹؼʲôûɵġ
۰Ͼһƽ٣ʮһգӱ߸Ĺ仯ѵͻȻٱ仯Щʲô£Ϊʲô˵
ϾĻɴˣҲҪĽս𣿡
۸Ͼţʲô˼ʲôñӶͷϿֻۡɣѵԴݲ±˶Դϵ𣿡
Ͼźߵû˭ҶԴϲңǾǴҾŻ
⣡һԿŵľ˴Լᱻ꼰İ


2236 Ц
۳ϺϾŴԱߣĿǰֻȭŹУ㵹ܼһᣬҲƺ뱻˷֣ҲġǶ˻ɱ˶Էֻǻ֣ˣԼͰȫˡ
ϣͻϾͻȻӲˣһѪĵȵңʲôʱжˣ
ղŸȾǻᣡ۵ЦЦһֹƶǷ񶾷ҿƵġǺǺǣһ£û뵽˲ʶȤǾͲҪˣղ㲻Ҳɱ𣿡
Ͼֻѵһ㣡Ϊɱ𣿡
ȴΣ㶼ϣٲŲʣ޴ҵ˼ǲܱ֪ģȻ㲻Ըͬ·Ǿɡ
һצֱȡϾŵʺ˳һΪҲҶɣϾͫʹģľˣ
һֱԹۣû뵽ͬһ֮е˶ưΪԵʣѵԤ˵Ǻõġ
ȻϾƴһһֱ̽Ӵ۵࣡
ž۵һֻץסϾŵ󣬺ǺһЦ뷴˵ΣҵĹƶúܡ¾񽣵ǺöƷ
ʱʵϾŵıͻȻǰץסϾŵֱۣǰһƣͣҲ̫ͻȻû˿ӦأϾ书Ǻ˲ġ
ۣ¾ֱӴ۵࣡һĻϾŲźЦĻۡˣȻ˳Ͼŵһҵ֮ϾڣʮȽѾ̰һݴ
۱¾񽣴֮ԴеĵطɢųһĽɫѺۣ۲ʹĺУһѪŵĿ㣬૵˭ðģ
㻵һЦģ͵ǵģǺǺǡ
ʲô۳кȻ֮ɫûи˵Ĵ㣬ϱǣΪҲٻָ˿ֻʹ׼ֱֱӵĴһȭ

۳ϵȭͷȭͷһֱӱýˡƷ粻գԼˣ֪ðϾŵҵ֮Ƕְ
ϵҪߣǾҪƵأ߲˾ˣ
˦𣬷һͳͳ˳ȥĿľһɱֻҲǳصģ¾񽣲ȴһҪǻһ߽Լ壬Ҫҵطˡ
ۿͨ˹쳣׺æԼıһǣ۳ɱһͷ֮ɣǿȾ͵ķĵâ۳Ͻŷ֮æɶݡ
ȴֱӴԴ
һ۳ͷĹǱˣΪǵ㣬׵ҲȻǿ˺ܶࡣ˵۳ϸ޷ԦԼķֱӱ״һѪ˳
˵۳ֻҵ֮ͬһ㣬޷ȡ˿һɫצס
ιһߣɱߣҪбɱľľ濴ȥأ
ͻȻ۳߳ɫӣ״׳棬ȴǰɫģնȥȻûնֻǱ˶ѡһ۱˪ȶһ˼£ֱӰЩƳһţá
۳һѪģ㣬һɣԸū͡۳أϻҲ˵ֱһ۳ϵһҵ֮Ҳȴûʹá
ãȻˣҵ֮һĽٻɡ
λϵʬףѹеĶȻϺһ˵ķĽٻļȥ
һһ߹۲۳ϴһʼǣ㲢ǱǵúйɣӦĳЩر£ҵĽٻǿԼһ¡
һĵ̻Ǻܴģ˴ߵ˱Ƚ϶ĳ⡣ЩǻЩر߶ȥĵṹܶţֵ߰ܰĳڣ˵ҲǺС
ԶԶž͸оǺܶڽ¡
ôҲǸĽٻ߹СǣȻϵﲢĽٻļڵĵطֲֻϵ·ֻܼѰˡͬʱҲһºһǵʳ࣬һЩԳԵĺݣоЩİ
ǵĲôģľôģǴӴ½Ǳİɡ
Ȼʿ̸Ľٻ֣ʶصĵĽٻ
һСĸͬ˵߸磬ĽٻҪװôоЩè尡ǸΪ߸ʿߵ̾˿϶è壬ٻǺһһŮ˻𣿡
ƵǸʲôϵ
ôûϵϲ˶ࡣǲ˶ռΪһ㶼Щоأ߸練һ䡣
ɥ˵ǳϻЩϵĶǣӵǿΪ׵ķһȵλɵҲ֪ѡˡ
߸Լֵܼ򣬵԰ⲻˣҺγٻأǶֻͨˣ˿ڹ㣬̫ˣˡûġ
ǣڲǱô˵ǲļ޸ǵĶ֮еˣҪѡԼϲˣǲġ
߸簲οĺˣٻûϲˣҿó֮ԾбףӦķѡ뿪ιע̫ࡣѡ˲ǳǵĺᣬҲõġϵ־ڱصãΪҲǻϾڣڶ˭ùأ
ɶôѹٻŭȭͷ
߸̾˿û뿪
ʱŵ߸˵ʮǰǳϴСıȥˡ߸ڨЦһŲֻǸпһ¡˰ɣȥմ֡Ҳڰɣʲôʱ򣿡
졣̾˿Ҳտڲˡ
һֱڱϵЩüͷû뵽Լ뿪һ죬Ľٻֱƻ飬ںܺûиԼһ߰ɡĽٻкܴøеģŵԣûаԼˣѣӲ
Ҳ˼ˣʳϾĽٻ֪ôߵĻ֪סҲȻ١
ʵȴ֪һ£Ǿ֪Ľٻס˹Ȼ࣬Ϊ̫ˣĽٻƽԼסġ
㻹˺ܾöûҵǵ·ȴǺȻ˴ӺһģͷһͻǱ˰ѣװ򶨵ĻͷȴǿһɴİŮӣɻĽݹ
ô֪ҵģĽٻȵ
ϵı䲻ˡ㻵һЦϾô
㣡ĽٻǰЩľͲһߵ޳ܣԣҲǴôֻˣ㵽ô£㲻ΪһɣҸ㣬ǲῴģͽӣ
ǺһЦﲻ˵ĵطҪ¸˵
Ľٻҿ˿ȷ֮ϣ˶ӣ֣ȥҵܶ
죬һﻹܶģʲôأ


2237 ϵĹŹ
ĽٻܶȴǱԵһϿ֮ϣٳһôŵǰ󷨷Ǹ˼ܵˡĽٻĶ沼õʮ鼮кܶͼֵֽ
Ľٻҵʰһ£ʾ£ʵ㵹˵˵ôˣ˵㲻̹ϣҲ̹ϡ
Լù˵һ飬Ľٻޱȣû뵽ϢǱԼһĴ֮УĽٻææ֮ߣУҪϢ߳ǣģҲߵģҲǣڡ
㼱æĽٻĳǣڶɱ¼ء
˵ʲôĽٻʮֲĿ㣺ô£ְ۳ϺϾŶ˵۸˵˳ó۳ϵһҵ֮ͬʱҲͷԼΪ
Ľٻĵõɴˮӣƺ޷飬ó۳ϵʵЩ۳ϵģϵõģ
⡭ĽٻЩԽܣԭʵôܴùλأһҵ֮֮ȻҲɵǻɱģֻǼ˸ˡ
ĽٻʵЩܽܣΪ֪֮У֮ǺһƬŽģôܻ鷢ó۳ϵǱʵǸ۳ϵıʼʼǣ㿴дʲô
ĽٻӹһȴüͷһֱȽϹϵ֣ǰҲȴûȵȣһϡޣҵ֮ɣСŶ
ҡҡͷģһ뿪ĽٻһϲһݴôܲĶأԻ壬Ľٻ²޲
ģ㲻ᶺҿİɣĽٻһɵı飺ҲκκôŶ
ȥ֮ϿоһʼдʲôĽٻͷһԵʼоʼǡʱһһεĹȥˣʮģΪ¿Ů
Ľٻйŵʣģʮרעһѧʸӣż̧ͷԼͻĳ㼸䣬Ҳû⣬ĽٻҲûʲô
һһҹķϣĽٻڳһȴüͷء۳һֱڵϣϵٶ¼ˣΨ첻ûм¼Ҵϵı仯Ҳϸ¼ܶҲ
ӹһˣһ֣㻹緭ˡٸ绹ܿ
ʵô۾ôʲô֮
㻳ɴϣĽٻƣȻվڴһġ㰵̾湻ߵġ
ΪʲôܻǵĴϣֲˡ˵˭ɡ˵ظЦЦ۳ûжԴϵʲôͣ
۳ɴҪ顣ĽٻֳŶͷоģӴ֮Լ۽ܴе񵱳ĵѾԳϻɡ
ȥ֤ʵɣ㿴óĽٻĵļ尾һСʧȥ̳ܽϻ˵ܽԼѾ˲ˣ㲻һӸı俴
ȥ֤ʵĽٻʮƣЩطɶнأȥˡ
ǲǻеط𣿡㵭һЦó۳ϺϾ˵·ǿװݣǵĴ֮ҲзһЩԿףӦܳͨ衣ǰߣܽ⿪ĻֻΪһ沨ˡ
ĽٻĿ㣬ҲǵһοһˣоĻԼ峺Ľٻ˵
㵹һԼչСĸо
ãһΣֻôݣ᣿ĽٻЩΣ᲻Լʲôأ
һĽٻģǰ͹̣죬ز̫󣬺װ˰
޳ܣĽٻ˲ץ˵īж˹ȥͽӣ۾װ۳ϣϾҵ֮۳ҪȾų硣ҼȻҲֻװˡ
ڵĴ֮ҲкܶоһЩװĵߣٷһЩƤߣ⽺Ҳ֪ԼǸеĵģЩݻпܳɹġ
ҲЬȶպϡһæҵݣ߰˷񣬱ϾĽٻΪ˽⣬Ȼòоֹ
װľųһˣԵͦã𾴵ĳϡ
Ľٻ뿪ϿȶʱѾǴգֻ֮£ȴûָоĽٻ۳ϵʼǣһĽأ˵һأУ۳ἰĽؾǺʯ񱳺ʯߡ
Ľٻ˵ʱЩţͷЩȶĽٻĺ󱳣ţᱻֵģˣ˭ܴù㣿Ҫףǳˣη㣬ǳ㡣
Ľٻյ˵ôܲţ£㹻ɱһٴˡ
ά棬ûά㣿ص˵˵㱻ƿףǶõ㣬ȴû˽飬ô㹫ƽ𣿡
Ľٻ첻˵ĺܶԣֻԸȥϣлһĿĹ磬˲ĵط
˺֮ǰΪƽʱٻλͬʱһߵ״һǰһġ㿴ʯŷֺȻǸŮġ毺õݣ欵Σʯ̵
ʵ⺣ʯƺɰ
԰ҲǧʷʱĴ˴ġĽٻйŹ֡ɻʱĴô֪ӣѵб𴦵ľʯ𣿡
⻰ֱӰĽٻ˵ԶԣûУżʵһǿʿ˳Ϊסһǣʶ˺żĽٻ֪ĵ伮֮Уȷûκιںӵļء
ǵʱĴԼܲİɡĽٻǿԼһڡ
ˣ˵еģԳƺһ壬ԱǻԳΪ𣿡
ʣĽٻɫ࣬һ㶼Ӳϻ
ôôⰡĽٻɴƤڵ£һٲ죡ȻҲȥ׷ϵ¡
ʱ޻˵ˣŮˣ޼ƿʩ˭Ůء
ʯ棬һɭϵʯߣһۿףͬʱ߹ȥĽٻЩţӣ˵ʲôûأ
˼æϹϣ
㵭˵ǽȥһ£šĽٻ˵Ҳ΢һ¡˵һЩСͨ仯ˣȻǼȴҲʮơ
ûзʲôͬģǾͿš
ʯ֮Ҳܶ໯ϾΪʿѲߣ߼Ϳʯ֮ڣԽԽ룬ĽٻҲ벻Ķ


2238 仯
ʯߵƮý̻Իͣһصعкܶ޵ʬǱ걾ǽϡЩעģעȴʯм䰼ȥĵط
ԲεĽɫһر󷨣мΧһˣһŮˣѾȱѾûˣұ߸Ҳãͬãʧһ˿ңʵ壬ϸ֫µ˽֮¶šȻȱȻܿһŮˣ͸ʯһģһ
Ů˱һĵɫˮưţĸʯɵ󷨾ţƺάǸŮ˵״̬帯á
㳰ǵĺ񰡣ϻ˶֪һ£ǵצĽٻѾ˵ˣĶǰŮˣһ˿Ϣ΢΢
Ľٻ˵ϻ˵ʯǺʯôǰһģһ˾ӦǺ˰ɣΪλᱻĽٻ˵ǺѾƵ㿴ϵˣӦúأֻͨά֡
ҡҡͷָ˵֮󰡣Ҫȡļ䣬϶õĳŻġ
㿴Ľٻʵ飬ܴʧ֮ͫпͱ仯һС𾴵ĺ񣬴Сݵܵĳϣǵȷ鴿Ľٻʮ𺳡
Ľٻ߰ɣⲢյ㣬طκһ϶֤ܽ˳ϻ˶֪һġ۳ʼ֮мصҪԴϵĿ֮
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֪̾ʲô֪֪治֪˰ɣˣô˵ģΪʲôǽȥʯߣ
Ľٻҧгݵ˵˵ʯǳĵطȥ߰ɣʼ֮лмطʹϵٿйءƽϲȥʱ㣬϶ȥˡ
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ϻĴӪ׵һϿȵıԵֻһ·߹ȥ󷨼ӳ֣Ʈӡĺ󷽣ǴϿˣĽٻǿ۳ϵʼǣҲ֪ϻļϿȾȻһ
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ȻԼԿ϶ԿףóһԿףŻǿˣֿŸףҪʮϵԿײܿɣôӵ
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ǲһ붯ɵͭɫƶԿףæ˽ȥȴûκȻǸҪӼɵ֪
˽֮ûм̽Ѱͷųʶûڣż߽ȥһֵĳѨûرǾʮ·ںģҲ⣬ȫƾоš
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ǺǺǣغ꣬ЩɹˣװͻȻſ˫Ц뷢ţĶʮָ˵ĶǿӴЦչУ磬ͼڱǸӣ
Ҳȷģ꣬ڰȡİ־ˣٺٺ٣ûϵеʱ䣬˾ͷһ˶ˡϰȻзûͣ£ÿһɶһ¡
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˼λǲУѧķ
ʵֻǰ಻ס飬һǰԣôԣ鶼Ʒ粻֮һ˿¼䣬־ôϲҲıƽʱĹж
ˣ´ɡеʱ䡣ȡ֮ˡ˺ܾã˲˳࿴ŶԷоವġϾǶôµĴڡ
Ľٻ˵ƽʱ϶չ¶ʵΪǶ֪ϵΪߵģû뵽Ȼǿס
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ô죿𣿡̽˾䡣
ĽٻʱԳϻ֪Ѿ׵߸ˣЩãȻĿ㣬ҡҡͷҲ֪ҲˡұҪΪһֱĺһʲôϢ
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Ľٻȴܣ˵磬ʲô£ҿڿأûʲôҲȥˡ
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ϸŴвãӦ˰еĳһץˡǺãǾͲˣ԰ԼĽٻæǲ뿪˰ͶҲ޷
͵͵򶴸ſڣǰһǬĽٻ֣ȴǱһӶ˹ȥǬı˲佩סˡ
Ľٻǵ㻹ǿװЦȥɣ·ɡ뿪֮Ҳ͵͵˳ȥڸղǬ˵ļϸ㼸϶˰֮еˡ
ȻˣҲԼ²󣬱Ͼûм˭ץˡȫıȴû̫ԶѪǰȥ͡
Ѫ
ģõҲ½ͷ඼аţȻױϣ۵ĵطǺһ󷨱Ե֮ûʲô˻
ôһʱ䵽ˣƵʵϵܻ
ĵˣץǰ֮еˡҿѪǸʿǿɾˡô꣬ͻȻɢųһƬâƬոõġ
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⣬һͽĵֿ֮˶ץˣΨѪֱˣҲѪڼɱģɶϸ첲ֱ۵ʬ壬󻹱һŻչһ̲ŧѪʱټпѪġ
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˶Ѻ˻ȥʼǸϳ̫Բ֮һֱûгˣоԼʱʵҪǿһ㣬Ĳ࣬ΣյϢ
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ǺһЦԼ֮ŭĽٻϲԼϲϴʲô£
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Ҿϲôţʲô£ִСûûû۰ŮܵõϵϲѾǶĽʼɵ¡Ľٻû뵽˵ʵЩԽܣҲƹˤһԱӡ
˵˵žȻͻȻһ׹⣬ˣ
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ע¶ϡȻʶ֮ðһ仰Ǹƣ檵ˣ˭˵¶ϣѴʰ˾ͻȥ֮
ʵҲˣԮ֪ϻڶܣͼ˵ĽٻǶôϣܰ㲻ܰ䰲ο͹ҲùһЩ
Ҫֱ˵治ʵͷĽٻԼˣһϢǲȥı׵ĵط
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ȻҲһţƾһ֮ӲϾţһ㶼ǱϻˣΪҳϵΧ۵Ѱ˶࣬Ǹֲࡣ
˶֪ŵѡǳǵĶӵиǿΪǿķֵҩһȵĵλû˻ΪĽٻѡͨˡ
ֻֻ֪ĽٻĿֻΪ˱һΪһֱ羴ĺ񣬶ҲΪԼĸĸ
λ˵ȺʱĽٻڳˣα׵ʮϣҲǬ׵Ľһֱ࿴ųģʴӱҲϲһֱǺһ顣ŰĽҲ£Ҳôȫ˹עĴ£
̨µһ󻶺·ĽٻҪ޸Լһ
ףȻѡеῡܡӢۣһٮٮߣôĽأʮХһ˵һ߿Χ׵Ĺܼ򵥣ռһĽݵķ
ʼĽٻûа仰ХҲûд˵Ļᡣ·Х׵һ
Ǭ쳣˷ܣΪεʤصһƷһѹֵͬܡʱܰԼ˼ҹٻøؼˡǬ˷֮࿴ĽٻֻĽٻֺ˪еŭӡ
ʵ㼤ŭԼЩ̫嶯ûȰٹΪ˴󶼼ﻹǱߣ뿪ľѻᡣ
ҵһϣȻ̨һݵ꣬ӣĽٻ˼˹ĽٻŻعԼҸҪ˾˰ԼЩûõĸʲôأ


2240 
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˵ﻰȻĽٻôһλ˱һİˣҲ߲ˣɴȳƹˤĽٻȼϣӱĵ·
ΪĽٻĸĸĻҲԸŮһӵҸȥϻƴġ
·ûǻһζѡ
ڻϾڵʵûмֻ֣ûб¶ԼΪʶҲǿĽٻ㾹ȻˣоȻһ˿Ӻ˼룬᲻㲻ˣԸأ
ȳαԵĳǣǵĶĽٻоϸԼģܴԼӮˣԼֵΣʵĽٻ֪ǱضӮģΪΪ֪ġ
ʮȽѾǻϾˣȻϾڣҲٵʮȽѾ֮ĺ蹵Ǽġ˭ܴ㣿˳֮⣬ˡ
Ҹô죿㣬ôҡĽٻĿ㣬װò峺ƭģ㲻֪𣿺׻ġЩʲô
ХǺһЦǺһĵһĽĽݵʿǿ˽У
Ľ𣿡ĽٻߺߵűӣŲأҾУ
ʱҲһʿ㵹ϵˣǰ̸ĽٻôΪҲʮȽѾոտ뻯Ͼһͷֵ֣Ϊ
һָ˻Σִִɤţˣ򲻹ҵġаɡ
ܲˬ˿ͣҲϻֱͼһͭǮ״ķɢɫĺ⣬ͷ޵ľ֮ռֶҲֻ˵㡣
ͭɲǣֱһץ˹ȥӲ֪㲻µĽٻҲ¶ɫ
ֻǽԤϵһһץסֻһƷ鱦ѣɲʲô˺赭дһץȻ˻ȥǸľһԼΪķ˼ǰһ
һ˫žǦһ޷ƶо۾ģĿںĽٻԼеŮֻҪȥǾԶûн뿴ĽٻĻˡ
˶ʹı飬û˳Ц֪ԼȥҲ֡ЩƣԼǲֱ̫ӴأԼһǿŮķһ
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ô᲻ǵأȻʱ̻꣬ľģһֱǵ㡣ĽٻٴչһЦֱӰѷӸжû泩ȫٸë׶ͨ͸ˡҲ˵һĽ
ĽٻЦݣͷ㣬˵ôˣΪʲôҪ
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ĽٻĻԵֳգôˣΪʲôҪǲӭ󺺰
˳µĽݹһһȥ
ĽٻȻһЦĵߣӦսɣߡ˲֪ĽٻЦݣΪ͸ճǸˣȴ֪ǳŮʲô
ѽǸʿһͼԼķɽ«һץסƷ㻯ϾڵΪôôΪԼ˼֮󣬻ãϲˣЩȻǰ˺̵̨ԡֲöΪŮǰһ֣ȿֺ
¿ɾˣЩѵʲôԼĵİûһ˿磬ôܼȥ
ڴ˵ǧ֮һˣȫòõҩԼά۷״̬
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Ľٻȴ˵ϣҾӦսôˣƽһΰɣϾô˵ĳսǲܵġα׾ҪԹƽΪԭ򡣡
Хüͷֻ㲻򵥣һֱûչ¶ԼΪХ췸ˣ㲻ΪôԼΣգ
Һһ֮ʲôʱôŶӦ볤ϻ֮вŶԵİХһָоǾԼӦǰˡ
ĽٻĻ㻹ܷһŵҩָһ£㿴ŻǧҲ̿ˮͷųҵ֮źһǿ
չʾΪͼӰЧʮȽѾϾڵΪ˭ϣҲˣˣֶϽţȥ
ЧҲǼѣʱס˴󲿷ˡ
λϵĶﶼһ㵣ôǿ߳ʮ磬û򰡣
ˣ˭ХˡʵһĽٻЭ뿪ʱ͸ǰŹһݡ˳ƾͱţ
ԭţʵǰѾˣΪĽٻҪһҩҩ涾ţĽԭҲʶΪȡ˸ˣһðȥȡҩҩȡˣҲˡ
ĽٻȻʮ˸Уȴһֱǵã˳ƾͰݸʹãΪţ겻ڴʶҲࡣһ岿Ҳ٣ϻҲûסÿ˵Ӻʱ䡣
ʮ˵ԼٵХЩΣӣѲɲǼϸæˣǿʶû
̨һ˵ʮϣǴȷţСʱǻһ棬ֻǳһЩ͵ˣټţǺӣ㻹ǵ𣿡
ôֵأֱҡͷ˭ʶֻʶĽݹһŲڡ
⻰Ȼţȴǵˮ©Х޷ûǼϸһȥһԵǬһҪ취Ȣٻÿ찡
ʲôзִ硣ХԼʵûʮȽѾأŵ㣬ҲЩ顣
Ǭ̲סˣɵڳϣûôǿʵϿ϶йŹ֡㲻
Цô¾ͽҺ֮ĶԾĽݹûӮҾͰȢؼңԷΪ
Ľٻ˵ԼȢؼҵʱ򣬻̲סҪҪԷΪĽٻЩˣæվҪֹԷΪⷬϾʮض˵ҲǺΣյ顣
ХȴһһԿһޣԼ˵Ļɱ𷴻ڡ
˫ָɫȻ
Х쳤һǾҶһ


2241 ˭ϵ
ĽٻӶסˣȴĺХһ죬ֱӾͻ̽һͷϸ߿֮еĽͬʱҡһ£̷ֿ֮ҲԳХΪʮȽѾ
ͻȻХٴҪƴһǣĹһץݺݻ磬ȭͷҲŭһ㣬ֱӾХϱۣѪУ˵Ƥѿ˿˿ѪȻɳ˶൱ȴǸӲʣЩѪХġ
ֱӣ
üһܲ壬ȻٳӢۡХͷ˵ʩչһ˵ļѸٻָ·ûܵ˺
ղɶȻû̫ˣɫҲȻһ죬һǴѪӿӲӲ£û壬ʵԽߵĲ棬Խ
˶ڸԼԼķսǼƷҪХͨɽҪǿɱĴӿ֣ХҪҲǴ𣬷ҪХ죬ڰмϽŴһȻĴӸ߿մ˵档
˱ನ꼰׷׺󳷣ҿϼսƽʱлῴ
˶Խսֻ۾Ǳͨ죡֪Ľٻƿ׵˾ֳϡҪĽٻʰҲδһ취Լ岻
ܵķݽͳͳɨ⣬˶ˣȻǵսôܵӣΪս̫˰ɣ˾ȻҲԽơ
ֲǺһˣƾһҪɱԼХ죬ûбıҪХһҪһΪҲԼȢĽٻ
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ХһĿɫɢŨʵ֮ֱӰʮɵľ룬а־Ȼûֵܵסò׳ݼϣĿŶԷϢû֣ܵȴǼķ
ХһֻΪʵ̫ͻȻˣС
ХԼһػһ¶ûУҲʮּɵ
ڰ֮еİͣ͡
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Ҳ֪˭˭ͬһıٴͬʱ˶ֻûһ飬һ飬ͬ亮̶ıо˲䴫ȫһ̣˵Ŀⶼˡ
ĽٻŵȭͷʮֵϾХ쾭ʮַḻӵڶảһĽٻĬĬ˵㣬һҪ°
·ĵ棬ͬʱڿԾ𣬱ҫ˫ǣÿ˵һȴĲӰٵĽȻŶԷӽȻײХĽ֮ϣżʵʵĺɫâһ˫Ž뽣ڿγһֱֱߣһ޻صƣ
һؼѪ
ͫȻһ˫һǰһƳ״ͻȻռݸλȶ죬ȻڷɵһʱͻȻĸı䷽򣬱ܿХ죬һһ˫ֵâҲûں
ţ𣿡Х侲ЦΪӵõġ
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Х쿴ԼȫһԽԽ϶޿ɱܣҵ֮Դɱ¾ƻǿƻɵҲǳ˵ʶҲţơεʵʸǷǱѰ
ƣͻȻʮģ̼仯ʮ㣬Х첻мС漴ʶһɨȻȴԼ
໣ֱնӿĵâֱӰʻ䡣
æͷӭԭһǰḺ̌˱ķأֱӱ˵ϣɰ̳Х쾪㵵ʵôܣʲôʱҺ档
ʶһ˲䣡ȻĿ·Х죺Ƿʶңҿиоģûи˽ˣۿüͲҪʶ𣿡
춶˶ϵɰʯ߳ŭϾô˶ţԼһϱˣඪ£ҲҪѵ
һ٣۳һףͳХվ˲ٴηǬһĻղҲ׵ֱƿĴţס֣ǳϣҪҪֹķٶųϲ֣Ƿɣһƽľս
ѹûĻ
ХδͣĻѾײХĵɽ֮ϣ
սδͣЪը˻ףХݺݵ˵֮ϣȻ󰼽ȥ֮ض˴𡣺¡¡һƬըǲ˲Χ۵ʿҷ׷ӡ
ĻֱһƬطᱻΪƽأȫƿصȫХĵɽҲˣ
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㵱ϣֱӵĳȥһ󶶶ڼХĲϣͫһȵǳϣң
ĻصºʱΪʲôԼҲң
Х챻Ļסˣô֪һЩֻԶʺţȻֱӱˡХκζȻͶˣΪʶˣòߡһͿܱˡ
ֱݣĽٻǸܶҲΨһ뵽İȫĵطˡ
ߣ̾رĳϣһȥ׷Ѱ㡣ֻһжװԭ˹ĵӣһ·ֱĽٻܶ
ڶ֮ţĽٻ㹻ĻӦûܿġһϣһȻҳһˣ±ȻǸ洵ˡ
ҲһղԼ߳ʵڼʱڻɱХ죬ҲХ콾ԴΪԼɱЩ⡣ʱŷĽٻĽٻҿ˿Ȼš
Ȼ׼һλá
ɣĽٻǣطûκζϵĳζαŻˡ
û뵽ξȻʶˣƷɫĲϣ˳ûΪɣ
Ľٻüͷһƺʵʲôõ⣺ûвŹ֣±ϾҶ𣬰ҽѵһͨڵˣҪСˡ
ⲻһ𣿡ֵĸĽٻĶ֮ڡĽٻʵмģֲֻ˼ڣֻһԲӡ
㵹ȡϴεĽѵŮ˾ڲģ˳˼УЦǺǵʵ𣿡
ʲôĽٻȥ˽ѵһ٣𣿿һԿأ㵹ãֱӰʮϸɱˡ
ºɱ˲𣿡һƨŶȣ˵Ȱ㻹Ǹ߰ɣϵľ̫ˣϾܶԸˡ絽úԺ𡣡
⡭ĽٻһԥͻȻٺٻЦˣҿǱ׵ʤߣѾϵˡ
žĽٻץŵһ豭˲䱻飬˵㣬㶼Ǻһˡ
ٻãʱǬˣ㼱æҵطĽٻҲЩ֣ôʱǬԼأǸôȥТ
ĽٻǬֻǬľҡҡλε˽ߵ˵ٻá
һĽٻϿֻĽٻӦÿ죬һӶȥˣӶüͷ磬ôôƣɸոţôܲȥٰĺ£
ٻãӦ֪һֱϲģǬžͻȻѣϲܾˣٻãӦ޸Ұɣû˵Ҳʧȥ㡣
ĽٻһǬܱüͷѾзˣݱ׵ĹأʤǸҵķǲܵģ磬ذɡ
Ǭ˵ţɱ˳ϣųᱻ洦ѵҪһӻٻ䲻㣿ΪʲôҪܾң˵꣬ǬҪǿǿаĽٻʮ⣬û뵽С浽ı羹Ȼ޵Ϊ
ٻҵģҵŮˣǬѹĽٻھ;ҪȥĽٻҲǻˣƴƿһʱ侹ȻԼΪǬҪߡ
㿴ȥˣͻȻһţֱӰǬ߷ɣ߷ɵǬҲѹȻ˭


2242 ڱץ
ĳȻ֮УĽٻΣ֮УȴǶһжͺһݣ㵹ֵʵôİ
Ľٻոշ̾ûˣС죺ˣұŵˣû뵽ô嶯
ʲô嶯ȼھȻǿˣʱ͸ԼһƺԵĽں㣬Ȼ޸ˡ֮ԱǣΪôҲͰ
Ǭʶˣʮ־ȣҲϳ㣬ֵ㲻ѾǰЩӱ󷨾Ǹʿٻãôһ𣿡
Ľٻֵʲô¿ô죿
Ľٻ仰ǬˣȻĽٻƫ̻ģվһϵġ
ٻãǣңⲻģǬЩԽܣϣԼˣˡߵĽٻ߳עһ§סĽԼϵķ㣬˾һ
һЦ˵ղű׵ǸţװģĽݿҵδˡ
Ľٻ۵ղܿƵĺһƬҲǺìܣԼôѡǽܱأǾܾأĽٻԼľȻģСҲǵһΡ
ǬǾˣĽٻߴĵͷеŮĽŮҪͶ˵ĻǬŭĴУⲻģǳ֮ӣҵ̫үүҵݵλȲ·ļһٻϹ𣿡
ĽٻƽűŭǬ˵ҵȷϹۣĲһ磬һֱģ㲻Ҫҡ
ңǬͻȻ崢֮óϵһҵ֮ԭƸҾҵɱԹŮ
Ľٻ죬ҵ֮˲ţʮ˵ȽѾ۳ϵһΪϡ
Ǭ㵵õɴ飬Լϵһҵ֮ҪǿöడĽٻ㣬ſңҸ˶ϣҲ뿪ɣ
ֵʱûһĽٻֱۣһգҧһֻۣ㻹Źֵ˸飬ĽٻˮЦãһﻹκβ
ʮ˵ȽѾܳԶôǬһЦĵûи߹㡭磬û㹻ķ֧ͨţǷӲӦеʵģ
𡭡Ľٻ˪ѾҪٸǬ򽻵ˣԭԼ䵭˵Ҳһ
Ǭ˫ͨ죬ױŭˣʧȥһһһŵҩһ˵ɱҵգɣҾ뿪ط
һ﹥һչƵĶԹУɫɺڰؼ
˶ƾѹԷǬҲ֪ʲôҩҵ֮ڸʣȻֱʮȽѾĽٻ߳ǬƺƾƵշѹȻԼͿ̵ʱڽս
Ƶıƴϵ֮ӦκһռϷ磬Ӧڴ˳֮£ǿһ
ǬͷųĻɫȴѹĽٻ֡
ΣȻƾУɫûǰɫҲûкˣȻڶ֮нѹöҪˡ
˻һ»ϸȻ˿ռ䣬ռ仮һɫѺۣƾе£Ľٻȴƽ⣬֣
Ľٻһȣ˫֮ŨŷɽңңǿڶѿӰлأ㴩⣬˽ɽâأ
˵ϱ鶼һƬ£ÿ˶СԷֻĽٻɫᣬһУǬ̬ʮ㣬ȴԵʮаȡ
˽һƾУʵ˶ͻȻõǿҵ֮ûӦĹУƽҲϡ档
ǬŭˣԼʳ˾ϵ֮ıҪĽٻ߳ĽٻԼӲԷھȻս֮ռϷ磡
ۼսʱԽԽ࣬Ľٻн꣬һȣͻȻΪץȻҪչ˱仯˵Ʒרţ⾹Ȼ̶ȣȻ˿ڽ磡
ǬȴһԲɫ㶨ֻ˽ɫ綾һںɫ֮зڣÿһɱǬҲǸ֣ϧʱ˲ã˱
飡
ĽٻĺɫǬĳӲһǣӶһΣ漴ϵ
ǬҲҪɱĽٻ㣬ΪԼĸױ𡣶ĽٻҲ뱨ϻ㡣˶ƴɣĽٻȻǱűѩ侲Ǭеŭɱʱ
ȻһȺˣȻǴϴӹ
ĽٻüһҪӣȴǱֱֶӸո˻ĽٻļЦʧ
ʧĽٻм˵ɱҵƭˡҼȻ㷢֣Ҳ޻˵
̫үүôˣǬʵ
ˣҵҲ֣ܶӡǣٶ룬һ㡣ֹȻ档
Ǭæ̫үүɲ԰ңң
ϺǺһЦ˵Уҽһͨܿ˵ֽţԺͨܣչ£ɺã
ǬϲּץŴϵ֣̫үүģ̫ˣҡ
޳ܣĽٻ˫ֻǬ˿⣬̰ĶĽٻ塣һͷҲûжҲͽͣϾĴϣôܴùأ
ߣΣһӣһֵһסͬʱϵĴ͵ߣҲһϵϿ˿ûϣݸǬŰɣһЩҪ˾Ǽһͨɡ
ı֮У˿ʱ򣬶Ǿ㵲ѣ㲻Ѿ
㿴һ۱ðʿǳ˵ԪףһҲûܿ࣬ڨЦλּˡ
üͷͦ㻹Ца취뿪
˼ܣôеģںһ˶ǵľ軹ߣĵȵȡһƨ¡˼æΧ£ΪҪвԼ˵Լļƻһţ˶ʱŵýˣǿơ
ԻԺ뵽ʶԭľ粢ߣôżͱˣѲǰƭˣ
㵭˵ھҵġ
õ˷׷׳Ĭȿڣ˵ãڸô죿
ȣ


2243 ʱϵ
ܾñץҲһˣԴϵʵӲҪɱԼԼֻܼҲ²Ҳˡܱץõġ
ּ֪ȥ󣬲鿴纣ļˣ㣬һ㶼ûڣϾʵϤոķ֮󣬴ΪԼеʱĥЩߡ
ȴǸ㷴˵Ļᣡ
ѪûдϣһֱѪ浥жҲûкͱںΪһ壬Ҳԭģ𵱳ֻлǣںϵԳɳڻָȴܸɵжҲ
ȴʶĽٻġ
ھǵԼķԼһοʮι̣ûзƾǲܴƵģҿصĻһλϣҲǹѺ֮صġ
ԼĪһʱ಻סˣʵֵܣǻҪȶãһֱȥɲǰ취
ˣƤѾӦԼĵһΧڣıȫƿжʱѪѲʿİɫ£һŽı飬ߵһʯϴϣ׵˵ʯҪغش󡣡
ʯʯ߻ʲôܣǺĲôȺƴҪѹ˼ҵļ䣬ȡ顣
⻰ȻǷ룬ϲɫԸҵ˿ˣȻͼæȥʯǱߡװģ߽ΣſԼȻװһԼȫʶİӡ
㲻òΪԼķǸе
ͻȻѪһ̲Ѫ䲻һԵĿ۶ڱ˽ȥ·һȻصһըֱӰһϾʿű
ѪаȵЦЦѪرӡ
ɱ˵УǿֻѪͻȻӵϼһŻֽһķ׭ε֮ϣ漴Ѫࡣ
ֻεĴѾֱ˲˳˫ֱӴʮףֱӰЩڵء
Ƕ߰ɣ˿ɾ߲ˡ
ǵķУôߣ
㶪һŵͼαܿԼ취ͼָʾķǺһƽ뿪ױõ󷨡
ϲ񣬶Ͷأֵͼҵȴֵʵֲ𣿡
ҵ²ǹܣܺԼˡ㶪仰һУѪۣһѪˮ𽥱һΣϵÿһѪûɢ˲һΪѪΪҲлϾΪˡ
ȻΪˣΪĽٻôͬһߵͬ飬ô顣
ǬڵĵطѪҲͱǳͼʩչ׶ݼУһʱ䵽ˣǬļҵƻͨͣȻǲٰ˻£
ŸɫǬûһ˿ĿҲûΪɱ׶ΣϾХ쵱ʱҲɱԼģܲܰԼСóȥɣֻΪǬҪле֣ôģ
һֱûжƾһ֪ĽٻǰȫġվڴԺһصĸǽ֮ϣȻǬǿĽٻߵڱǰоȻźɵЦˣⲻԼô
һݺ񣡡ȻһӸߺ
ͷһһĳɻģʽǰݺ񰡣ԼҪֹȻԺĽٻʲôͲˡ
һͻȻˣ仯һצּҴԺĶգѹȶ£ϾڵѹǺŻ˵ġ
ô£
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˽Ŀ𣿡
˶ĿǬǬ֪ôͻȻɾǬһ־ȡ𣬵һôûС
ʱҲֱƿţ˽𣿺Ӯ׵ң
ĽٻƿͷȻЦݵ㣬ĳԼĽٻѲļ
һԵǬǺ죬̶ɫôҲû뵽㻹ԼӦñ֮ôָˣ
ͻȻһЦֱתžž죬Ϊһɳ̵ת׵羢â·˿ϳһѤĿȴֳϢβ棬һԲĳʱҪĽٻ˵ʲôŵĻ
ǬֱӼƷ
飡
죬ΧһȦȦۿɼĲƣģ̶̵ʱ֮ڣ˲֪˼С㰵棬ôǬôܷࣿסԼĽˣ
óȫɣǬҲȼ˻棬죬̫үүඥ֮Һܶսľ飡䣡
һγɵĺǣŵϢߵ¶ȴڻδ٣˱Ѵͷ졣ΧĽֱӻΪҽ
еıӵĶˣӵֱӱɵĺյϾֱӻȥҵ֮һͨˣȻʴһѰ׹ǡ

ǬһȻӰưڸգʱӰ·֮УƮԱ𵽵ĸ
ƺͻȻڰֻʣҫ۵ĺں֮£˼ĺɫ飬Ȼ˫֣ȵס档
ഥ˲䣬޾ױըѿȥɢܡ
໣׺ݵâȴͻȻɱ
飬Ƶײƾһ֣ſһ˪͵ˡֻҲСķ˪֮ϣϾǼƷǲ׵ģӲ֮»Щܡ
˶ӵгϼʵһĳϻʮΪ庣ˣΪԶ˦ˡʶֱ˳һΪĶ˴ѷѽ⡣ͬʱ̼䣬ǹеನҲΪƽأеĵطȥ
ĽٻЩϾֿȭǸ𾯽ܣǸ㿴ӣʲôͻǿ߸͵Ϯһɱˡ
Ľٻ׵ݽҧţǬָڱȻԦķɽҪ͵ϮĽٻ˲ƷͷǣͻȻȥǰǬԦķɽ̹
ৣɽͻȻƫλãĽٻ˹ȥֱۡ
ǬٳãߣǬӡ仯Ľٻ类һƶһԡ
ۣӦþǴϴڸǬֶˣܿĽٻ塣
ҪɱͱҪһɱȻʩչٿطĻᣬǰĽٻɾͲˡһܿǬ롣


2244 ˹
Ǭ໥ţʮڽ֯ݺᣬͬκ˰ĿֲϯƬռÿһ䡣
㣡Ǭɫһ䣬ʧɫŷԼļңΧھӣͳͳΪƽˡ
СİļҸ˲˼ⷿ۹󲻹Ҫ⳥𣿡ЦʲôǬעҪˡ
˵ͬʱԴ֮ѾʼĥôһιǬ
Ǭɫһɨ㣬ĵеļƷģƾֿȭҼѣܹӳҿ̫үүඥڵľ飡
𣿡Цʤǿţģ
ϻ˵ǬɫᣬͷаֱӴ˳
Ļػ̫ĥߴˣ
ΪǬõϵİ˵ľûз𿴳ӣ˵ʮֱͳʱ̵ľֻб׺͸ͨˡ
¡¡𶯣Ťڲ֮ݺᡣ
аͬʱŲ⣬Ʒʼ׶ԿԿֲĵףȻϵ˶Ҫɫݹ࣬һС̫ǿˣǻһеĸо˼¶ѡ
䡭
֮ϣǬĺɷҵ֮γһƬܼԽԶĺһܵһգͿڣƥķһƬƬҴء
ǬˣΪʲôͲһӰ죿֪˼ǽѵϣҵ֮ǲ˲޹ˡǬ˿ϧЩ˵
ͻȻĽٻ۳һֱӰǬ𷭣ϵŵŵŵ˳ȥʮףɫóһߣҲûкõȥϾԵһǿ˻ʼڡ
ˣԣ˵㣬ʰݵ²˴ǬȣֱòٿصͨĽٻжٴιɱϡ
Ķϲ£Լ˻Ͼܹ֮׵ӳΪµûй˼ʲô
ܾ𣡡Ųԡ
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ͬһʱ䣬ǴɫĻ׵磬콣ն䣬εһն£ϹصĲնǰ
ֲĶ㣬ЩΧ۵ҲչͨʮâСĵطըÿһನⶼԻٵһͨĻϾʿ
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䡭
춯صĴըһԾĹľεض𣬱Ʒеĺ˺˲飬ķ
쵰ܿĽٻкƻ֮У΢Ц·ڸǬ׻ƣҫһƬ
ЦϵľȷǷḻûղžͿסҵ
Ϊ˶Ǵ𣿡ǬȻһһֽţȻ㿴ҺٻԻһ¡
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޴ҲǬɫ䣬ֻӶɻУƫУʮ־׼ĳ˹ȥ
ߣЦǬϻ
ȻѾαֱܿӹƣֻҪܱܿĹֱӴǬôʤͶˡ
䡭
ر飬سݣĽһκײһ𣬶һΣ߶˼㣬ɵĺµļ㣬ԲǧһõءٺµΧֱˣӲӲ
ۡǬһѪɶȴǼԦа㡣
ֻǻһ£ɫЩ԰ףܵĵһֲֿٶںķ뻯Ͼڣ³ս
ûбܿа֣ͽֽסһֻĳһӡǣֱӴǬǿ

Ǭû뵽ӵͨԼڿƵļƷ
ҲǬ˽׶йأƲˣֵǬǬһһɽʯĶֱѿˡ׷һƬҫĻ𻨣Ǭһʹ
ֻӿĺһıãܱǬ
ǬûˣͻȻβһ˦ֱӰˣһֱڹս䱸ܲұܶĽٻȫĺͻȻ֣ǬЩֲһʼͶ֣磬ǺǲòϤǬΪֻǸһĴڡ
ϺԼһѣֱӶ˼ͷ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬Ҳץѻᣬָ£ңңһָһ״ִȣֱӹᴩǬɱ
ǬһĽٻҲжˣջԼķʹȻ˳ȡǬҵ֮ҲǻϾڣ˷ѡ
ЩɻκǬɱЩʱ䣬ôûأѵƫƧ
ȡ˶֮ĽٻԣֻһϮ˿ȹ£ڿĺܵͣ¶زܽأüһҪĵ۾ʮֹңѩһͷڷɸ߸ߵ٣ͷҫ۵Ĺâʺ촽΢΢һŮӡ
㲻ЦҰɸɱˣҰԼɡ
Ľٻһ죬Ȼĵ˵á
һӦˣôܣվ籾ŮӦǰԼһȻɫ˵²Ŷԡ
㷢㶵ıҲĽٻ㵣Ȼһ䲢Ļߴı˲ҧһŲ㣬ߣͷ
ǸҪߣȴǲȵһǰ˵㼱æȥȴǱסĽٻ磬һץ֮¾Ȼס
ĽٻŸоĴԼظŰ漴ӵ뻳УĽٻС˽һ𣬺ҲЩʧĿ㣬ӣҧƺ˺ܴľģʵ㵽ȢȢң
Ϊʲôôʣ
ΪӮ˱ףɱҵδŵķҪ𡣡Ľٻ˵Щˣζ֪ʱûв˵ԺûлˣκʱԼô˵ġ
Ҳó˲ͬԼԼΪԼͬ顢ѣżԼģΪ㿴Լвûаͷ
Ľٻָգߺ죬ȴǹѾںһţֻܸ˼ģȥʶһĻ硣
ѾˣҪ޸ңҪͬ⡣ʵ˵
ãģĽٻôų⣬ϾҲʮƽ֮£ǾǿŮŮ˵ĵλǺӰģ統ұںһĺ֮ڣڳҲжӣʶĽٻų⣬϶ˡ
ˣĿȴģֱӾܾĽٻ˺˵ԼˣҪԼˣ⣬ŮС
㱧ĽٻͻȻһݹ⣬һİĵطȥͻȻܰó棬оթ˲úĽٻңæ뿪ֻĽٻӦԼʮָˣҲǽıס㣬С


2245 ƴһ
Ľٻһİɽ֮УʵǺһΪģֻķˣ˴ʺϲ㱧ĽٻһֱţûĽٻһͷСè䣬ԹԵС
ֻҪһͷͿĽٻ𱬵һ˫壬ܻẬߵĵͷȻҿ
Ǹᣬ㲻˿ȥһܵ·ͺˡ
˺ܾãֵô£û˹עǬɱĳأȻϣǻ߸ϰӦʯߣҲӦڣѲǶæ𣿡
Ľٻ죬Ҳȥʯ߿׷ʲô£Ͼǻ֪۳Ϻ;ųˣǬĴûзκζõ˴ϵĹඥͨ;֮ͼŲٰ񣬾ķоһ¶ѡ
ûӴĶǼп֪ܲѾˣȥװ磬пʵֻ֣зգðաֻһ˼ƻԣȴǱĽٻΪϧĻŭţסĲӣĵȻֻʶ˺ܶʱ䣬ҵۿʱ͸оУϣ㡣
ʲôеۣһ˲ǵһ۵ôЦ
ĽٻƲƲӣ㻹Ҷһ鰡һΣҾ͸о֮Եֵġο㻹Ӯ˱ףȥҶҪˡҵʵҲûȰɣ
ΣĽٻͷ߹ԹԵͷƺĸĸ˰˵˷ܣɳˣˣ뿪֮󣬻Ҫú˵ġ
˴֮ȡװĶʼװҲǵһװˣ˶ᳵ·졣
֮ѡȥʯʯ߿Ϊ棬֪Ѿһȡķ°ַôг֣ԼǬô󶯾֣᲻°ηѾأ
֪ĽٻʱԸǾƻϻĹƣú簲ϢĥϢá
Ĳ²ʵ¶ˣ
ܶɶ飬Ǭڴ治ʲôʯ֮е󷨣Ĳл꣬ļһĳһοɬӵӡѾ֪ǬǱ߷״һ㶼Ը뿪ΪֻҪѧˣȡˣ
غˣж˷ܣԼ֪
ϵ뷨һޣǬɱֳΪͣͬΪϾڣδֺãͿʼΪʲôϲԼˣȻ뵽ʯĺ񣬷׷׸
ϴʱ˺Ƥڳ϶￴ɣҲ֪һַΪŵ԰Ȼ
Ľٻװʯ֮ʱȥ¥գ²ܳһȴֲҾԿ϶Ҳû̸ȥϻᱳĴϿȡ
رĵӣмźĲ壬ĽٻһˣԼСݵ񣬾Ȼ³
ܸԻʶ˵ɣ𷴿
˵꣬ҲסĽٻС֣߻ΪοԼȴͻȻоƮ˳Ȼ󴩹һرһһ硣Ľٻܿһֵʵ
ʶһм䶼ˣʲôûСһ˵һĴѰ磬ȻǰһƽԵ̵أһſήһһ¹װŮӣģˣǺĲлô
˼æ˹ȥ翴㣬һЦѣ㾹Ȼָܻǿˡ
ǺһЦҰˡ
Ľʲôңϴǻ㻹˵Դʲôǵãʶˣ
εĿȿȣҲˣŻģҲҵˣû뵽˳
Ϊþˣʶл״̬ҲǼ¶һȻĿЦ˲ʲô˵£ҪŴˣʱĺͽ˵ҽҪõҵ顣
ǴϣĽٻ˵ͨѺ򲨺֮ڵһ޶ɱˡ
ͨߺߣķ񡣡ĿڱǿɿήϣǺĺʲô
ˣҽĽٻ
ĽݣӦǰĽսĺᣬһĹ
Ľٻ˵ˣǰȷǽĽսˣһ취ȥ
ЦЦûõĺӣѾʣ²л壬Σҵˣ֮ءҪͱ̱˵壬˵ĻǡǶᣬںϡζĿĽٻҲǾȵС죬֪α顣
һںˣôĽٻĽٻ
ƺϤ˵룬صںͲǴĽٻˣϾžŰʮһѣɶɹұǿ̫࣬״̬ںϣҲռһϷģʱԸܻƫһ㣬˸Ҳʧġ
˶٣ֲȻһЦǱһ飬ҲһҪںϡֻһ顣ҲұҵĳУղְػӡˣô׳ɹģҪ飬Ҫ񹦡ĹӡǸӦ봫񹦡
ϲƻڷ㶵ĽٻٻϽл񣿡
ֻĽٻҧ촽ƺһʮּѵľδˣںˣܵþ𣿡
һ㶣ȴǻصˣһ㣬Ͼұôˣһġ
ϲˣں֮һϲ𣿡Ľٻͷȥ㣬ƺоԼǶļѣҲȭͷǿԼģһɾԼı⡣
ϲ氮𣿡練ʣĽٻ̻ӦȻ˵ŮΪĸ˵İȫģĵԸԼҲΣ֮УôǾ氮
һȻĶ֮ڣĽٻΪԼȻǬԣǬļУǬĲٿͨƣȴҲҪΪԼ赲Ǭ͵ϮһЩĽٻжԼġ
ЩжжӾ磬һŮԼΪʲôžܾأ
羲ĿĽٻĵ˵氮ôκӰġȻסͷĽٻҪҲ
Ľٻһ޷ˣǶռϷ磬㻳УӵĿˣҡҶԲҲΪ㸶С
ǺһЦӣһѾοˡ
Ͳܲ䣬ѱͼ䴫Ѹ𣿡ŲSӰֻ˸ͼѣӰ춼ϵġ
ҲȫԣϵӰ컹еģȻʣһƲл꣬ǺӰġҿԴӦ㣬Ϊһ˻ȥܱȻҷҪáЩڴĿĽٻ߿㣬ͻȻס㡣
㾪ޱȣɴ飬ֻĽٻ˫ۣˮӣס㣬Щɬɲãˣ촽ȴҲѪţӲˣĽٻвλ
ô֣Ľٻߵ˵ҵĳǣҪںǰͳȥ
Ƶʶ簡ֲı壬ôǡ
ղӲӲĶ˼СĽٻߵ˵ԳһЦȻںϺҿɵⱲӵĳˡ
Ľٻ֪粻κμԼںϣôԼռţܾȺ񣬺ֶΪأ


2246 ںϺ
Ľٻ㣬ﻹЩҲЩˣΪղԼ̹˶İ⣬ЩһһεĻ۵ģһˣֳϺȣǻԼʵ
ʶĽٻģǰǴα׵ġԭŻǬȻ볤ϻᣬȻһᱨºĳϻᣬĻæһжúԤڡԼܼ˺һе񣡺磡
ԼȴǳΪȺĹؼеһìܣԼѾ㣬ܲεİԼ׸磬Ҫһ
ǳϵĽԸһм䣬޷ıл˸кα壬к񴫳е֮һЩĽٻںϣô˵Ľٻͺں֮Ϊһ壬гٷ֮ʮԭĽٻ
ǱȽģϾĹ񹦡ȻҪǺ֮ģһĽٻδѧϰõôԺп߲ĸ߶ȣںϺôͽġ
Ľٻ˸ҲֻܱܵЩӰ죬ԺӦöĽٻӰ첻󡣶йŹֵĻԼ˵
ಣͻȻռã˵ʶصԭʯ֮ڣղŽȥ̸ãȴֻǺʶ磬һ˲顣ǻľ׮һվš
ȻĽٻסĲӣ飬ӣԣӣװ˺òãʮΣܰӱ͸ҳ𣿡
ĽٻһۣԼ˼㷢֣ˣҵļˡĽٻĵװӣҾͲ㣬ߣ
ֱ˲ռ𣿵Ȼǣ§סĽٻ֫ԭͱѹýظȻܼѹһĴ
ΧǿɵˣڸҪлôоźܶأ
ȻһϹһеױжȥĽٻĿߣںڼĳƮƮ鶯а׵Сֹסĸ첲ӣı˫ȴǡ
̿ˮ̫ˣסĽٻ°ͼ⣬ӭȥ촽ЩЩ㣬С쳣ɵıݣ೤ֱ룬ĽٻʮֲӦ
ӦҵץֱȴָоһɰԵ֣ĵһ˿ĸоϺȡš
Щľ׮һɵˣһŮӣÿԼδϵŮ񣬾Ȼǣȵȣղ۳Ϻ;ųأ
崻죬һҲعˣй¶ˣֻǵǳʱҲѾˣĽٻĵ˵ҵĳǣ͸ˣһǰˣһҪһ
Ľٻ˫һԾֱ֮еһŰ籾ɫâǻεһʿȻͷҪȥҰɡ
ЩΪҲߣʮȽѾ˵Ǻһмֻǰǲֵһ뿪ʯȥͨ籨ŵĻᶼûпܣ
նһԾ趯ǧӰʵʣ˷ֲ٣ЩΪֵͣ⣬ӭӣ׷ܣȴһһ׶󱳣ǵҵֳ֮ʰЩ;ǰ󲻹У
ȷʯѾûˣȻúȥĸʯʯ֮󣬵ϸֵâҲʧϵһɫâǣ֮ǴĽѵ
̹ǣĲĽٻ屻̹һĽٻ·һʧ̹ڻ©ɫȣ欵Σʵѩ壬ͦأмۺ졣
㲻ˡ
ȻĲл˳Ӱһ㣬ĽٻʵʵҲ˳߻ƣٺϽ˼ֲӲˡ
ǺܿںΪһĲҲһɢĽٻı֮ϣɫ֮߳׺϶Ϊһعʱһӡǳ͸򲨺ֱգִһ㱻ӡֱߵطɢһƯ̹⣬չһյعˣ
žĽٻ˫أк̹ܶ⻯ɵˮʶ£ÿһ缡ĽٻЩ룬΢仯ԭƽʱ˪¸һĸо
߽ϸһ˿ҵĽٻ裬֬üϬ׶ü޶룬ü꣬ʣʣӣȴǰһݴ棬۾鶯ƺѾȹһʼһβʡ
ʲôĽٻҧһۣ˲ıɽŮĽٻȥסԼӣ㲻𣿡
ĽٻԭĴ˹ȥʮ־ᣬͺ϶Ϊһ֮Ըǵûбã޸߹ˣҲ˵ǿԭ˵Ը񣡵ĹǺܺߣҪοͺǻҲᣬļǿ
̾˵׼Ҳ˰ɣͬһ˸ں˷ǿˡ
ȿȣٻ
ĽݹתͷĽٻߺ˵˵֮ǰ㲻תͷ
ޣʶҪ𣿡ǺǵЦ
쵰ĽٻֽŵסԼ׾ѩ壺͵Һ㡣
Цƭأ㡣
һĽٻæͷס㣬æ˸ڣҸоЩͷΣεˣҲܾҡ
ŶһֺʵҸղſһССҶӡǣʲô
Ǻӡ൱һǺһĽٻŪ˺ܾòŴ׵侲ˡ
عͷһξޣˡ
һϮɫĹװԲεɢ͵ĹâõɫĴӤƤۡƤ⻬𪡢˿ĳ˳ǧ˿һ˫ִ󷽵¶ͷûв֮УôĥԲĺ鴮ָ澭ֱװţĵüʤѩǵɫĺƤǽ紺ϻǲʩ죬ȴ֬Ⱦ˺촽Եúξͷϵĺ÷˵üľҲһŭŵĺ÷ԭݺüĵĺ÷÷ɵģȻԼԶЩ֬ȥýޡݺһ֧ѩ÷
ǿɵˣԭĽٻԼأں˺֮ȴǴ˻ò˵ͺں֮ĽٻøҲôˣ
ߣϱûŮ𣿡Ľٻıһ䣬ȴʮָˣס㣬еİˣȻǸ˵áֻǲ֪Ϊʲô߾ͱˣ˳
Ҳǲˬˣһ§סСĽٻıѩЦû
㣬ſôëëţĽٻܵţȻһȭС
໵һҽУĵˣں֮Ѹ˰ɣףһ¡
Ľٻһʮ𣺡ôģңҲģ㣬Բҡôˣ
һʱĬ֮С


2247 ȡ
㿴ĽٻıݣȴԵô߹ޣһֳݾĸоҲһСȻסĽٻȴЩˣĽٻܰԼˡ
ôһ˵˵Ҳһ¡Ѱ˼˱׵Щ£ˣһ£ղŻЩΪı׶жû뵽תλǰԼˡ
㵭˵߰ɣӵ˺ĴУӦ顣
Ľٻһͻóı仯ȻòǾòһ־ǧ֮ĸоղŵ֮٣ҲΪϵòŻʱ򷴶Ľٻе
ǲ˺Ľٻҧ촽鿴һ˵һȴ䵭ġšһ
ôˣĽٻﲻΪʲôûȥֱ֮ĸоǱ׵ʤߣðջԼӢۣǸԼ羫ʵߣԼеΨһ
ЩĮתһȴĽٻĶˣôϣֱӰԵıסԼǿԼʲôû
Ľٻںܾ֮ų׹⵽ôһ£ʵǺ˸ӰΪûкļ䣬ֻк˸񣬲Ľٻͷԣ֪ʲô¡ʵǺ˸ӰȻǱӺߣ˼껹ǸŮôŮ⣿
һǰһ󣬳ʯߣҪԵͶˣ뿪˶ûѡ׵·Ҫһ飬ųѪѪȥɢԣѳϵĶи˵Żкܶ಻ԸܵѹȺʹں׵ʿġ
Ȼˣֻ޷Ըϵģֻһȶأؼʱó
ҥԾ񲡾һ̼ĴĽٻҲϻᱦ󱳺Ͽȣ˴ʱΪѾ޷ˡ㿴ϿȣסҪȥŵĽٻ
˵գʳָۻףָ̼ΪŤתһ׷籩ϵѹͣѹĽٻҲ˫֣Ƴһɲһ֮˿ֵּ֮ˮ
ǳϻıֱһ˦ֱǱͬʱϿϵļӲʯѣǧףֱӰϿ֮ŵɽ¶˳
㻹ܴһźţźܿ캣һ˶ӵ
״ȥжʱͬʱ֣׸ϹȻбϾΪ㿴ظʹӡҪȡ飬ϣΪߵĶϣʮȽѾȻҪ߳磬һ㶼£ӵ˺񴫳еĽٻһԣֻҪǴϳ֣Աǲġ
ô£Щϲ׵ĿˣֵۺϾôû
ǺһЦɱͬھˡ˵ǣɥΪһһֱػ񡣡
ֲ˵ȳԭǿģ˳ȻԴϵΪҲʮȽѾöԸ
һУֱ֣ӺʻĴӡϣصһ˽Ǻˣ·磬ӲƴĻ䡣
˶һй󣬺һ˺ܿ߾£ΪѪųкϷ֤ϵڳαȻǶйˡƿϿǧ׺ļʯ߻شˡ
ʱĴϻ۾ȡ飬Ѿܱ׵ץУǺֻߣͺһĹ⣬ôץס
𽥾£ĺһ˶ķɢĴһǸÿģ飡ϻһֱֻǴ˵֮ڡ
ȷˣϻĻԵõӡ֤ʿʼۺ죬Ϊһֱҵ֮Ĳƽƿأ˿ʼ˽γϻˣȻˣϻѹҲķ𷴿߶ˡ
㿴һۺһˣ̾˿ȦĸһѾû˷ˡǿ峤ϻĿҲ㹻ˡ
㿴һγͬҲһͬɱмĶǼƷüͷϾǴץˣӦȡ̫Բ̣ǿʥ鷨Сƶϡ
һܣ֮п׷ըһʿ۾ʶҲ׷ϣ
ֻζӲӲӲӲȻĽսʽԼûơ
Ľٻ˫գϸĵĸӦ飡ӵкĴУҪҪ顣
úĽٻߣΪԼѪҲվڲԶζһڳϡ
췢̫ˣг϶֪ĽٻѾǵжˡ֪һеĴʲôܣֻ飡
ҿ꣡һƿغճɵʱ򣡡ϽҧŻһƵݣһΣϻԺֽΣѾʧȥȤˣֻҪ飬һжֵˡ
ֻǲ֪Ҫ񹦡֮ӡǲȡĴϣһʼעʧܣ
ĽٻһֱȻӵ˺ĴУǻûüֻƾ躣µһӡǰˡȻͻȻή̵̲ݡ
ںһ򲨺ɱ䣬ͬʱҲоһů͵ǵڣÿһԺͻȻһ㡣
ͻȻĽٻ֮ϸֳĲӰʱ˶Ĥݣ׷¹һоΨϻǼˣĿɿڴĴУʲôʱѴдĽٻ
Ľٻָ֣飬ӣգ
һ֣͸оˡ񹦡֮ӡǣɳ۹ĽٻУֻôɫӡ
ĿɿڴԼŬô꣬ͷĽȻ
˺ѷεıͷҽУⲻܣôܸˣ
ĽٻȥһСķŭֻǵ˵ҵǣֻѹǵȥȷġ
ڶݵ֮֮У˶оԼ͵ģаҲˣϵҲָˣҲøǿˡ֮ܺͬʱҲԺľͳݴﵽ˼¡
ڳϻĶиͷ񶨡
˸գ˶ˣֳĽٻ࣬ߣ̫ǿǴ󲻹
ߣͻȻһţͷųһĪǿĺĻסڳˣ飡ҵģһʱ䣬ܣߣ
ӭͷһײһĻȻֻǱײˮһĺӡûбײĶʱͳˣվһϺٺٺٵЦ磬㸴ˣܺã㻹ǵ𣿡
ĽٻͷϵãҶ߲Ȥ
ҾʹλãڵʵҸҿ⣿߳ŭŭָĽٻŪ練ơ
ɱһ˷׷װǵŮ񱣻ͬɱ
Ϊͣƻ൱ˡͷЦÿɰұϾΪɲǿܶԸ˵ġǷٶǷ
˵գֱɱ绯Ѫħ


2248 ﷫
㿴ֱɱѾȺͣӽĽٻôԶû赲
ƫʱһͻȻҡ˵ߵһҡΣһѣŷŵĲƬСͻȻһϾŴУ˭Ѵˣ˭ɵģ
˶ˣάֺ󷨻ˣ󷨱ˮӿʱô޾ĺˣôʱ˭Ҫ˭޷ѹֻ˶ûüӦһƷ籩;˶С
ĽٻͻȻ㱳㣬㶪ʧ㼱æúڶ֮һͬʱаټһ㱣Ҳûлˣ첻ԸƷ籩ɲֹһӲһƷ籩ȴ޷סʮٸ
ʧأƷ籩˶˳ȥ򲨺档Ҳ𽥱ҹ޷򲨺ӲҲֻˡ
õ˳ȥİ˸˶û£˳ṩ·ˣǰ˺һڵĺ󷨺ģԭгϼصģǽעǸѰӣڳ϶Լܵõ飬ˣð˳ְ󷨺ĸˣȻͨ󴫵档
źһƷ籩ûҵȴǶڶ෨ǿ
֣ܻͲˡԱһʿοϾʱΣգǼɱǣżڵĻ̾أֻǸֲ֪ܷӳ
һĬƻ󷨵ʱǶűȴû㻹ûߣⲻǰԼľ˸ӺȻⲢϲҶĬˣٷɶݣ뿪Ƭ
ǲ֪㻹øлأҪǺ󷨱ϹҪԼˡ
ʱԼĽٻıţѹԼĺ󱳣῿Լļ֮ϣź𣬾Ưˮ档
ʵǱܱ֮ȥˣ
𳤺һ˰ɣˡ
㶯˶ȷоһûУҲܵ˳صĴֵѵûںƷ籩֮УΪҵĵһݰ
ͷһɵģƷ籩ֻǰ˦ѡ֮ǾһǶˣǶأѾҿôˣ˾͸͸ҵϵģĽٻѹΣȴˡ
ҵٶȱȲ˶ֵĶ쳣
ʲô𾪵ĴУͷһȻԶϢϣվˮ֮ƺڻָҲƺڵȴ
㼱æóĵҩ£ʵϢɣһʰ
״̬Ҳãһ㻹֪ģûбҪúðˡҩҲ𽥺ּһʼ׼ķĽٻڴϣͬʱҲιһŵҩƹ˶þܺ
Ȼһ̧ͷͿϲϼϺٺһЦСӣǺһĹоΣǵõ񴫳еŶ
һЦоͦãٲ
Ϻ㶼ûҶ֪Է򵥣ϣԭֱӸɱ㣬йһ죬ڸоˡ
ʱҲˣϲ֪ʲôΪ˵ֵܵԼĿ񹥣ɼһߡҲ߱أ
ۣ˵ʱǸģҵһ嶼ˡ
ºˣҲõģû¶һ𣿡㲻м˵л˵Ҳľ棬湦ɡ
ЦǺǵȦʵղŷµʲôҩЧƬָ̼ƣһ칤򣬺òײŴ֮аˡǲֹһҸе⡣
󷽵óһŵҩϣԪ񵤣ǼƷҩֻҪһصҲָܻ
鵤ͻȻЦֹ˺õĵҩȴңҶӵһη˵Ļ𣿶ȴһžõΪһŵҩֺõ𣿡
һЦֶȥһţﻹкܶ࣬ЧѵĻһֽˮҺҶء
ϵ˲ˣԭǴȱȻüͷҪԸ㣬Ҿа취ҩԡ
𣿡һУһѳƷһֻһһѷɽҲǼƷһԷɽȴף˫С
㲻Ըٵȴˣͬ˵ĺֱӷһţϱƳԼķսԶڿն֮ʱһռ䲨˲ɢգۼ䵽ǰͬʱһǿĽѹѾǰݺݵ
оһһӳҵƿֱ밵֮ײһ
ƣһȦȦԪװĺ˷ɢȥֱ˶ȥ𵴵򲨺涼ƽһƷ
ϱһأûüסΣĵâһһնЩâɲͬڶԸǬʱžϵӽÿһж̺Ŵ֮ѪףɵڳֱñâѹƵѹļѪеޱȹǣСÿӳһƺγһޱȹơ
һһҲûôǿɣΪʲôǣƣ
ֹ£˻üȻǻӳĽҲô⡣
ƴȫʩչˣϾ磬ҪѰˣͱһˣϽǸоѪӿѡҪ֪㣬ҲǼȲ
ûҪСӼв˼һתƾһޱĲ˲ѹƣһȻ٣գۼѾ˦׾롣
һƾУ
˳ﰵһͬʱһЦΣͨΣҪӣߡ
ߣʮȽѾԸҾȻ뵽ߣѵ㲻𣿡㳰һ˲ƿԣһһĸоȻ
˾ôţһŻ鵤ҩԼ۷״̬ҲæѸղ㶪ԼԪ񵤺УԷһ
΢΢ͻȻĽٻɶ˹żжˡ϶ֹͣĴ㡣
ϣԲðɡĽٻ˵
Ĵ𣺡浱ԼǺɣֻǵõĴУƾʲôԺĿǶҷɱ̽ȡٵ⣬ҽŹֵСӣȡҲҵģ
Ǻǣ֪һʼĿľ飬ֻǶ֪ʲôãĽٻ̬ŵľ֣֣ɫĹâһ·ĳһ͡
򲨺ܺӿһһɣǿĺӿ֣ͻȻ֮䣬򲨺Ĳζ졣ʮͷ̬һĺƾ˳׷׺Уĵϣ
⡭⡭ǣ֣ⲻƽϾĴ


2249 
ҲЩȣĽٻ߾飬ԺĴٻ򲨺ǿޣ㿴̬һΪȴʮȽѾϣһΪ壬Ƹǿ
Ľٻ㴫Ƕ򲨺񣬺֮ͬڸ˶ԺĺٻǺֵ֧ġֵֻǺ񴫳УǺҲ̫ǡ
ͷϵһΪֱӦ㹻ǷˣӦòٴԼĽٻ˰ɣϾĽٻҲǺںϵġûϣҲȥ򲨺Ϊ
ڽӣĽٻص˷֮ϣûֱʹ뿪ûκ򲨺ʱҲõˣȴܽܵģΪǣ
Ҳǵһ֮Ŀֲ֮ȫŬģȫΪɱ¾ڵĽѵԼɽѣǾȥѽѴ˰ɣ
ʵֽѵϲɱ¾̫֮ʢʱﻹа飿㲻ԻϧǵİΣǶŮӣӦпĽٻȴǱһζ
ںһĺ֮УĽٻСľܾ㣬һֱΪԼֵжڣҲ֪θͣ㸶ģȴô˵ڡڼװ֮ϴź磬һģΪΪԼ¶ء
㡣Ľٻʵ̲סˣߵ㱳󣬱˵ǻһַԼģ겻ѩɽһ䡣ɻıͷʵʲô£ЩĹ磿ǶЩ
㱣ңҲ£ڿǻϾڵʵԱеġĽٻŵͷʮֵ˵ܲһӶҰɣ
УĽٻǾܾԼں˺䣬վǰԼˣǾûʲô˵ˣȻԼˣԼƨɣĵ˵ԼҲЩʧԼᶨܿƽ顣
Ѳ붪һˣĽٻ㵵ʣǺһѾûˡһȥǴ㱳𣿺ߣҿˡ
Ľٻ˪һ˦ֱڿɶݶߣ㱻ĪҲĽٻ˼ƺһӸԼѵûԼĽٻѾˣٶȼ죬ǸƣҲȥ׷ˡ
оĽٻں˺˸ԽԽദˣںϺУΪкͼ㵹·µĺϺУܿ쿴˹һƬĴ½ۿڲûʲôֻϾ򲨺ʲôûУ⺣ҲûʲôмֵĶ
ǿķƯʮֺ棬ʿΧ۹ԷʵĻթһЩ
Ϊ¶޷ģͣȣ¶Ұ֮еʱ˶һһˣ𣿵Ȼûţһ˲ܴ򲨺Ҳд󵨵ǰȥ㡣
㿴סԼʿӵһ˹ģʮһɵʿ㵹ģ˶ǻϾڶѣԼȫвһ綼Ѿ൱ѵжˣο
ˣмһʿư㣬Ҳû̻شĻȰѷ봢֮УҿΧ۵˵ҲмˣһɫϵСûиоĴڡ
ѲƬ½˶ǲȻ̹ȻԽѵûжôʿͻɱܶࡣ
¶һ˿аЦ˶ɱġ
̼Ŀҵ֮ڻۣѵӰ죬˭ԼְȻǰԼµˡ
Ҫʲô˵ĵֹ̣ûٲõɱ¾봥˹𣿡һߺһ߾㣬㵹֪˵ĵ̣Ǹʲô˹ʲôȻвʱ˵
ʲô˹棿ɱ⣬ʿͬʱһҵ֮ѾֹۣͣǱܹһ٣˻ཻǰȻʲôߣǾԲǵĴڰ
˳ֶܲȰյҳէܶطϤܸ򵼣һһЩġ
˴ϲ޷̵ôУ򵼻̵ô
̸Ҳʹȥ֮ͽҲɢȥҲʶˣ˵ˣֱ׿쿥ͷĽ죬һЩ۵ĽɫΪűɽԵӶȽϴ
㻹֪һƬ½ŻʳڵƬ½ͬŻʳǱ߱Ϊûķ棬ԹԴսģѾ󲿷ʿֺ򲨺һƬ½
ûлʳʵִǲܵˣô֣Ƕ֣Բһ󣬼ŵҩͷĶǿѾȫӰ֮ɱ
֮ͬ޵УҲһĴܶӵмǿķһֱö־еĿͷøֵҩô
֪֮Ǹٻŵ̨˵ĵ̺ܴǿߺܶ࣬һϻᣬЩϻֵʲôشȫƱִͨУʱ򶼱
ͬһĴڣһΥˣڲҲһҪܴ³ֻһ
ɻЩλȨصĳϵֱϵѷ˽ɣǷܵõִУ㣬Ŀǰ˵ûдЩλȨصĳǷ˽ɣǵѣΪҲǼߣûм͵ģϾ磬ΪǿԼ޶ġ
˽ˣƺǺŵģܸߣҪҲǾϸɸѡģ˵Ϊ߾ܼ롣
ȻˣΪֲ˵ˣϢʧ㣬ǴǱ˵ĸָɵȡһġ
㻹֪Ƭ½õΪֱɣȰԼԭҵ֮ͷųʹԼһˣȻյõҵ֮ʹԭԼһҵ֮õ棬˵ȡ
ֻΣͷŻҵ֮
һһߴС㷢ԼԶС򣬽˲ŷⲢһС򣬶һٵصأһɽ͵ı󣬸ݽ겣ͷӵвʿڰзȥ
һ·͸оʮʶ޼ɵԼɨɨȥƺòΪҲʲô
ָΧʿ˵ǰֻҪ£֮䲻ҪìܻǿԱѵģյ˵İţìܣǾ˵˽ٲãٲõ˽̡ܵ
Ȼ˵̰
֪ٲõˣǼһֻҪ˵ٲ㹻ƽôµһȻͼһЩ޹¡һ˵Ȼųʿ֮Ļɱ¾ֻһ淶Ǵмȡ档
Ҳ˽棬һƺǼˣҲ˼ҲѰԻϧĵһ


2250 ŨŨ
㱾һĽٻʶһֱ򵽴ɨȴһֱûзĽٻʲôʱֹԭԼ·ʿҲһЩҩ򷢵ˡ
ϾڵĴǿḻ֪յԴҲǼǿߣͨʿԼ²ʿӵеĶǼٵġ
һֱƽשʯ֮ϻƣĽٻ絽ˣһ뿪ȥ˱ĵطҲĽٻܻûʶͲòطһǺԵػص˺ü鶼ûзĽٻ
ҲǸ޵ˣڳ֮еȴ죬ͲڵȴĽٻϼѾһп뿪ˡĽٻȻһε磬Ҳʲô֣Ҳû̫ġ
ص˳֮еӭɸѾסˣҲ֪ΪʲôԵĺᷱΪһɽһ鸣Ҳһ鱦ء
һƬɽûб˰ռ˭Խ룬õһйˣڲٵĳ˵ʮͣʮָһ鱦أȴûоΪУ˶ӵӵԴĻᣬǻġ
Ҳ֪ӵ˵ĸ֣ǻᶨڽɽ֮Ѱĵرɽ֮ˣǿԻɱģû˹ܡɱĳ޴˳֮УֲͬҪٲá
֮˹Ͻ֮£ƹز࣬ʵҲܶ࣬ûйƣʵܶơܵ˵˼ලʿ֮ɱ¾
Ҳȥ򱳺ɽһ̽յһͽӭɸķãȻǽһҵ֮͵ȵġνٳɶ࣬ЩҲַʽҵ֮
µӭɸȴĿĽٻ߻żŮʿ㼱æӴ֮зһңԼסܺ棬ĽٻʲôѣŵùĻҲܰ뿪
һЩɫͼĻǲĽٻðաȿĽٻ֪ĽٻûзԼǿĵĿĽٻһڵλá
ĽٻԱߵ£Щ⣬ȻܶʿѾܱٹȣһ¿֮ҲǺܳ¡
㾲ĺžƣһǻۣƺ˵𱳺ɽջΪ׵һԼĪʮͷܳ죬Ҳɣ߻жŮĽٻˡ
ĽٻٲȻǵڶעˣЩʿ˷Ϊ׵Ǹ˾Ľٻĳɫˡ
⼸˵ΪףǻϾڣȻĽٻԵͣһŻġ
ѽϴβ͵õƷǣǿϧǶܿʥ̥Ҫ֮һϧһһ˹Ӣʿϧ
Ϊ׵ǸʿҲ̾Ϣû취ǲõˣϾﻹ˵ĵ̣õʵǿѰùأĽݹҲǼ˵ĺô㿴ղţƷǣ˶˲õ˸ɱˣȴΪͬΪ˵˶ѡ
ߵŮʿҲȰ԰˿кܶƴġˣʵ϶һڵҪְλ
ĽٻЩİƺܲӦʮ־нദ˺Щˣǵ˵һҪˣҲܸǾ뿪
ǿɶѰѾǵѣǸһȡʿһЦʱһǺã
һţû뵽ĽٻЩżˣڣǼ鼴һ°һ˼ôĽٻ뿪ղĽٻڵȴԼԼҲ߰˰ˡ
㲢û̸ĽٻϣǽʿһˣܸоﲻԾǼȵȡ
ЩϢ˸ӭɸİϢ֪ӭɸ֮󷨣ʹǸҲᱻ޷ϢǱ룬ȴֱȥĽٻ
ոߵĽٻ᷿ȴǷԱ߳Ƶòװ·һȴǸղŸĽٻһŮԣ㵹ǺˣôŽȥֳˣ
һʱ͸ȥ죬ûǸŮ޵ģûһ͸˳֮һС֣ȽƧҪ˭Ļᣡ
ϢĶԶûһȻֿһӸ˹Ǹʿôĵӵдҹζû뵽˹ңˣһǴ뿪ɡ
ǲǱסˣȻŮӴŨŨ˵ͳĺÿôɽ֮мΪͷõıҲһ㣬ﻹûң
ʿæοضôûأֻϷǸ˵𣿡
ҪߣôϢȴǲԸˣҪʲôĽٻıݴԹľ࣬㼸ζľסʶ۲ҲκζߣʱðԴÿǽʿӵסǸŮޡ
ضҽ޶һƬϣĸ̰ŮˣǲһٸҲѽһ߱ضȴؿڵѩ壬﷢ƣȥнʵģСްС
šǸضҲǼΪУ˼¾͸죬Ҳ޸⿪ˣ¶һƬۼˣ˾Ȼң˵ˣ
ȻضһƿޣߵУվûȢң
ضǵĹϵҲӦģǳǷޣǵʱô޲ϵȰ˵ضŤŤݵģ㿴ҲʮƣôڶԸĽٻ˵һͲ˵ˣ
㵹˵ҪôԸǸĽٻҿһ˪ӾͲˬΪԼжءɲʵǿ˵ģ˻ĵģҲ֪ڵʲôˡ
̰ĿŻŮˣǽ׵ļŶҪһ㣬ҲʶǽϵĶӣϿʦҴĽٻ͸ģһϲ˾ɫûо֮Ŀܡ
ޣǸĽٻοѽ
Ͳòˣһа취ġ޼ЦĿأЦʣҵĿѾˣϴ𣿡
غߴ˵磬ұ㡣
㿴Ŷ뿪ʮߣͬʱҲΪĽٻ˴Լ͸˵ϲ⣬Ȼֻ߷硣
ȴǸǸޣϾıػصӭɸ󣬵ǽȴûлȥڳй䣬һҵ˽ȥⵤʮֶ࣬βҲûܵٹע
вԤУ⽯ֵطѲΪ˹һЩõҩ
ϰ壬һЩҩ޸̨ߵƹüëƹĵͷȻ˽ٶȼ죬ʮȻ޲ǵһ°
޵ʵϰ壬ҩΣ
ٺ٣ַģЧϴεҵŮˣֵסǱɽҲҪڻΪˮϰɽ룬ٺټЦǺôãֵܾͷİɡ
޿첽뿪ָ˳ȥ⽯ֱӷӭɸɫоǸҪ϶ڶԸĽٻ
ޱ飬˵ĹأȴǲͰѽ޸ôȻ˵ٲìܵ˳ֶ֣һ䣬ԸӭɸĵСĽٻķһЩͬʱһ⾯š
ǲ֪ʲôʱжҪôжصڷ֮ⲽǸоﲻԣûĽٻߣֻͨʶжпᣬ˽һֽ䱸ġ
Уǵ¥ȥһɡջס粽߳˷䡣


2251 
ߵӭɸ߲㣬Ҳǽһһסһ㣬ǵķ붼ʮֽվ¥ݿڴĽٻķ䣬һ״ʹ̳ȥûĽٻʲô״ȴǿٴγˡ
һӾƲˣǷˣ㼱æͿȻÿĽٻķţۣȻǸĽٻͳʳģЩƲ֮ڶҩ
ĽٻҲû˾ƲˣҲûý޽ȥ͵͵ֱЦĽٻһֱܾ˵ý޳˱Ÿ޵ͷصķ䣬ϲ֪м飬ĽٻղŽ޸ʲôͶˡ
ֻûã޾ͼææĳˣͷԣ˲Ҫڴϴսٻغ
Ҳô࣬ûߵĽٻķ䡣
ĽٻԭΪĲϧϿſȴ㣡Ľٻʮָˣղžܵľţһֱʲôʱû뵽̾ͳˡ
ı黹ôˮһ㶼⡣
ôҽȥ𣿡ڨЦҽȥҿɾҪŶ
ҲҪ𣿡Ľٻ˻ˣﻹǶЩƣϾ˵ԼһӸĻĽٻһΪءֻȵߣȴվ޷㣬
ٺһЦĽٻضˣһϮɫ£ںڵĳһľʷСŶߵ㷢һԲĿ㡣
Ц⿴Ҹʲôл𣿡
֪֪ҵܾãĽٻҧ촽ʵҲ׷
˭һûӰˡˣû˵ͳˡ
һߣز죬һ㲻𣿡ĽٻһСϱһ㣬ⲻǸ޿ɲʲôˣղǸ˾ƲˣûҪ˳ȥڵˡ
ǶǺˣڮǡĽٻߵҸʲôضǰңһ˵ǻʲô֤𣿡
üͷԼ㣬ȻˣȻУȥްЩҩľƲ˴һŮȥڹѾҩˡ
ãĽٻҲԶԼټ˲Լ䣬ڮԼ½ѣʵʧĽٻߵص᷿ؿȥ˿ûҩļ
ԶˣҲ֣ѵԼ²ˣѲǸ޲ڶ֣³çˣΣ
ĽٻĿ㣬һϽҵǸҾԭӡֻĽٻάҲǺܲ˲õķȥ
㣡㣡һĽٻĲ̫ΪʲôΪʲôҪڮԼһνѣĽٻΪõֺ֧Ρ
صԼķ䣬ԽԽԼôй飬˱ףҲôԼɣʰװ·תһ룬ԼҲ̫ˡ
ϾĽٻ֪޵ĿĽٻΣյʱͦЧá
ɫһ춼᷿֮ھޣֻôƽһһⲽһֺȲ裬֮ӶǵĽٻİΣǾͲȥĽٻ
ҹ˾ʱýӦûᶯˣһߵ߲¥ݿڣװһȻһ켸߶ױ˸ϵġ
ֻǽĵȴǾһ⣬˯á㿴һͬķţʱˣһûһĽٻ᷿󿴿ҿƾŸоöֱ᷿
˭ſڴصһʻһôˣҪߣתͷžͿˣһֻаСִӺ潫䲻߽ȥ
ҲûϵѸٵİԼ˽ȥعʱؾȻԼϣ֮ںڵϹģֲָ
Сĵ˵˵˼ң˼ҵһϣΪƭ˼˵°ءʵָ·Ǽȥ¥졣㻹Լˡ
ǸᣬԭҲʲô񰡣ϵʱװ崿ȷʵ
ȵȣ԰ôھҿЩƵӰΪһϾʿ²ܴڡɤ˵ˣ
͸˼ҵƿƣ˵Һȣ˼ҵܾãܾáĵߴоԾˣǽ޸ֵȥѰˣԭҩͬʱظƵ
޵˰ҹûлزʼįҩľƸ˰ȻԼôţ˵ɵòš
ƿأȥǼŮ˾ͻԼأɫиһ㡣ٴƿأһһָĵƻˡ
ΪػԾǸոպ˱ҩľƣҩѾˣһ˵·һϿİ׻ɽǲСѾȫҩá
˷˳ȥƬ̼ʹĽٻſڣȴûϴˣϾֻϵ˵᷿޵ķȽԶΨĽٻصķıȽϽĽٻ̾յһ
Ľٻæصķ䣬ȴǿɦŪˣΨΪͻܡĽٻָϵľƣ㿴ǰ޸ֺľƲˣղЩƣͱˡ
Ľٻɫѿȥôһ¡
ôصķڣĽٻĵԶĲͬʲôϵ
ʮƣҸûϵϴˣԶץ˽
Ϊߣôץ㣿ĽٻǺʣǲˡǸᣬԼ˵ô඼ǰ״Ҳˣߵ˵ľʵŲ㡣ԼɣǸУԸҲˡ
ڶηȥĽٻһס㣬֪лĵĻôʱԼأԼĺΪʲôʱصķڣ
ŭıӰĽٻоԼʧȥʲôһס㣬ǻڱȴǽвĽٻﲻϵʣΪʲô˵ڣߡֻҪһңҾˡ
ߣԼȻɣû뵽ĽٻȻʼԼˡǵں׵ʱĽٻԼʮŵġ
ˣҲһЩʱˣ仯Ҳ֮飬һǾ뿪ɡҲȣҹ·뿪ĽٻǸؽⶾȴû׷
ܿʥɽɽڴʯûƽԭΪԼԶĽٻͻָʵϲˣǣĽٻİΣ
ӲͷƤԼȥĽٻɴ˽ʥɽ⴦Ϊ˵ɽӵкܶ鱦ݾԶҩĶܰճΪƬɽ
һҩȹһ죬൱ڱ𴦶ȹʮ꣡һ鱦أ̽յȻﲻҲûֹͣ


2252 ɽ
ʥɽʮûʲôرֻر࣬Χ˶Ѿﳣפˡݽ˵ɽԽ棬Խ࣬ҲԽңвͻᶪ
㲻ʱȺӵʿͷӶҲû⣬ϢǰУǺʥɽʲô
߷ǰףѾʥɽһˣȷһˮأǵƷ׵ҩ洦ɼżᷢһЩҵ֮ƾյüֱ˼飬ɱ¾ڵҵ֮ȻȻƾղ
ȻƷ׼ֻͣһȽѾǿȣȷʵ·ʱƾ۳ɵ㲻š
ԽԽʥɽŹ֣żһЩ鱦Ȼ㿴ϣǺܶͽʿõõ
һ·ɽܣԽɽԽ٣ҲԽŻﻯ䵥ļûУΨһˡΪҶ֪أֵطɱ¾û˹ܵġ
ͻȻоʶԼϣȻҪԼ
໣͵һϬţʿǼй̬Ƴ㡣˵ΪȻҲлϾڣµͷϬţҲлϾڵʵЦˣϵһ
Ʒһ𾪵ĴУ򲻹ֱޣͬʱˣֱһܿʧ˵ʮֹϡ
Ҫ׷Ȼ׷뻹ˣųͷϬţһһ˪֮ɢֱӰͷϬţĽнס˸ָ£ͷ޵Դһŵ⡣
ǽ⿪ͷޱƵ
ŵ֮ͷϬţҲָ˱ˣűӣм࣬л㡣
㲻͵İڰ֣黹ã߰ɡ´αץˡ
ͷϬţȴû뿪֮󣬸ղ͵Ϯʿ۷˻꼶Сʿ˵磬ϧû͵Ϯ֣ͷͷɲס
԰ϴ𲻱СһҲߵȭͷǾṵ̂ͼһΪȣֻǱضѣԼԿˣˡ
룬ݵ˵򵥣ӵеͱòöԸˡǵҲòۺĶǸЩˣߺߺߣȻ֮ɢϢ˵һĻϾڵʿ䵥ˡ
㻹һˣڲһЩԼȱٵҩȻȽͨҲһЩƷ׵˵ҩʤޡͬʱҲռ˺ܶƾɽ۶ɵҵ֮ɽЩҵ֮Ҫǿ󼸱ǿһݾȻȾ֮ߡ
ͻȻһʶӹüͷͬʱҲʶ۲죬ܿ췢Ǹ޼ɵļһߵʶһˡ
ϾڣҲ˴󵨣
һߣһﾹȻ˲񣬾Уʶһ㣬ʶ֮һŽⷴ˹ȥֱǼһһƬը

һҵĽɽ֮ڴûᣬȴǷֺܿ˳ǸʶʿּлֱȡȻϷһз
㲻ȻòпᡣЩ˻
򲨺һߣЩڶ֮ڵ˲˰ɡ㲻ɵû磬ҲֻӵˣԼһ°ɡ
һߺҵ֮Ҳɽ֮еʿǵҵ֮ϣɢֱӰɽǡ£ѵʿľͻʧ
ЩԼ鷳˾֣ܳûнѵľǲ֪ԼǷΣաܵСģסġʡζǸոսǵõѵԤˡ
ϴǼһﾹȻͷų򣿷ʲô񾭣֪ʥɽ֮еΣ˴󵨣ǰ͵Ϯֵ־һ㡣
ϴղʶƴֱӰǸˣҸղȥһҵ֮ٺ١ǲö£ֻҪ侮ʯͿˣϾԷΪǿ򲻹ġ˵˻кܶһѰġ
ǸСܵ˵ϴ˵ǣν˫ȭѵ֣һˣվǴ򲻹˶ࡣϴ󣬸ղȥŵʱѾˣ˲õ˾ǧ֮⣬ҿǺܿˡʱҲȥЩô
ʶţܶˣԲΧԼΧΪԼֱͣԼɱȴֲȥͺʳʦĶǡ㻹ǵһᵽɱ¾գ֮ء
ǽѵ֮³ɳˡ֮以ʶǶ׷ôԭʼͳȡ
ʮ塢ʮȻʮˣÿһߺߣȰͥŲɽ֮䣬ûܵӰ죬Ѿӵ˱壬ʵҲǴԼ£޴ˡ
ţҲЩ˲׶֡ǻԼ˼άȥ㣬ûһЩ̵ĻôôҡĶʥɽأ
ֻܿһȺˣʮлҲǻϾڵʵЩƺϢҷҲͳһһµĴ壬·󱳡
˵ˣûЩˣԼֻ·ǲԼĻǾͲǡ
ֻĵ˵ЩȴǱ˿
Сӣ˵˭ô׳ͷ˶ԭѾġһĴֺ󺺣½¶һںڵëͬʱ£ߣүġ
һЦЧˣЩȻ֪Լǲ֣֮
һ޺ı飬Цǰҿû˵ʥɽͷŶ򡣡
ѽȣҶ졣ղҵõϢ˵и䵥СӣӵһѣǳƣүʶӴֶʿΧס㣬Ǵһˡ
ЦǺǵİһУ˾̾Ʒʱ㵶ţһâֱ˳ȥǸֺһ
ֻŻһ£Ͼ㲢ϲɱ޹ǻԼ
һλᣬңҾͲˣҵʱ䲻Ǹ˷ѵġȻʮˣ˿塣
Ǹֺ󺺸ղűŵĹǺԻΪԼϻĴӼˣһϣɱ
ϾڵĸͬʱΧסԼԼķİѵɽһɽһķͬʱƻľֻ屻ţ˲仯ʮ顣
Ӱÿ죡ֺһϳ۷æңұ󣡡
ۣѾֱͱ󺺵ѣ΢Ц֪ͷŶǸİɣΪ˷ֹЩСܵġ
䱸ֺ֮ӵһкϢˣ鼫أΪղݣҲûߣɼԷǸˣòӡ
㿴ʮ˷׷׼ԼķһԼΧɵʵҪɱǰôɵҪɱأǽ
ǺǣطѵѲ֪ʤΪ׼Ϸʥøƶ졣ʲôͷư˶ڶȸһ㹰ֵɢ㣬ôΧҪô
ư˶ͻȻһЦǺǣһֳҵ֮ţл䣬Ҳ׼ˡ
ȻͻȻʮϱһɺ˵Ѹһţһǹһ㣬ϾȻѹ㴭ϵˣ


2253 һ
أŤһŵһѻɫǹֱӳ˹ư˶Ŀĺܼ򵥣һк㣡ϾΪҲлϾڣԼһǿ
ư˶Ͼڵжǿˣѹһ˾óţһʮ˵ʿ޾ɫѰʿ²ʮ˷ڣԼĸͬΪϾҲڰ
ư˶Ϊȣֱ󷨣ԼǸＸ䣬ƭƬ̹ʮ˲ҵ֮
㼱æǰǹеһɲǣһѪ󷨵۵൱ֲ
ͬʱư˶ĸϾڵĸͬʱй㣬˵ˮ©
ɫ䣬²òˣû뵽һıԵʿ˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ͻȻ֮һ˹ֱӰư˶˴ߡ󾪣ô˰Լأ
ô۸һˣ𣿡ЩϤ㻢ͷһ̧ȻĽٻֳվ㲻ԶֻһƬʣ˿ʵģ
㣡ư˶һֹʧ˵ʱ򣬲ɵһⲻǰԼϵǸɽŮôʱ檣ͬΪѵĽһ˵ѣʶû֣û뵽ˡ
ᣬһĨһ˿Ѫãţͬʱһ𣬰ǹ𿪣սȦ
ЩĿĽٻôԸԼһǻ˶飬Ӵ˶˰ɣ
ĽٻʵＫˣ˷ֹܵҾҾȻԼҲӦչְֶæһ⣬ܸмңҵ˰ɣ
ͷʵô
ΪʲôĽٻʣʵͲ㣬Ҳʳ֮Է˵ԭǺ˽޴ľƣ޻ҹȣȥѰüء
ˣǻˣĽٻ㡣
Ľٻ֮ڣѾԶˣĽٻһϣ٣ڱʵһ·ˣʥɽĽٻҲǽųʥɽ
ֿư˶ˣʵôˣ˷ʱ䣬ǲңŶŶ
˵ʿ˳ǣʿţ˵ݰʲôвߣȥ磿
һˣư˶Ľٻ֪Ľٻǽ޵ѣиأǲŮư˶ɲ̫ˣʶɱ˵ˣܷŹ
Ľٻᶨߵߣûư˶ֻԭԼҪԼ˶ѣԼôأ
ұҪһܵҵİĽٻҲΧкܶעţֱĿ㡣
㲻ɵȻĶĽٻôˣôԼŨŨô£ѾԼ
㣡Ҹ㣬ȥĶҸĶҲҪңҡҡӮõϱĽٻǻһȴѾ棬¶һ˿˵ĺˮů͵ˮ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ĽٻҪģȴѾˡûԼ
Ҳ֪ԼôҲ˺㣬Ҳ֪Ϊʲôһܾ㣬ƫƫҡĽٻ˵ˣһСѾͷĿ㣺ҴˣҲò㡣ֻҪһĵĻ㶼ϸ˵ҹ㣬ҲûзӦ㣬Ĳں𣿡
̿ɬĭĻȥ۽ǵˮ˵ɵѾͷûһȺΧ㲻𣿡
ĽٻҡҡͷֻҪߣҾͲ¡
ûΪǺ㣬лٰһεĻᡣѿ޳˵Ľٻӵ뻳С
Χʿһޣ˾ɫɽŮȻ޵滨꣡ӵԼư˶һˣǵڶμĽٻû뵽˪Ŀ˶Ȼһ档
ư˶ֶʼĽˣɱ㣬˷ָŮ˾ΪУ
󣡡ư˶ٴпʿѣ׷׼𷨱֪Լһ磬ȻǱƣʶʮϵҵ֮۳һŹĶǽһ޼᲻ǹ
ư˶ĸϾڵĸŻڻһûǲ㶯ֵġ
ĽٻЩʿ˲ָ䣬ͷӵԼ㣬漴ֻģϲùϣҪԸĸҰ㡣
Ǻǣɱɱ²ʺŮˣվһԸҺȲʡŵ˵ҪæԺһôˣ
ĽٻݸһЦԹԵߵϣŮעŲһУʣվžֳˡòٴ͵ʿˮʮֶʼɣεºܾȻӵ˳ɫӣ
ư˶ɫţѲɻб̣Ȼ治һ˴ĹԼˣ
ǹг˹ˣӲ˷һ״Ͳ֮Уβϱ任֮ڸһʶ
ʿֻ۾¸޷ѰӰǹҲäͷӬҴÿһףǹͱ׳ˢһ
ϣСͨ䣬ֻһˣһɲǣ˺һȻ˽һԵĻϾڵʿǸòŮ޹Ҳ벻Сӻᱻ˲ɱȺĵʱּлĸϾڵĸ֣䰡
ư˶ͷ֮УӵһʯҲʥɽ֮ҵʯʯ
챦ԭһԣƿߵĻǣƾһǼǿĴڣֻҪһȥɢôһһҲ漴ʯյ˵ǼԵ
ư˶ӵֶҲͲ±˵ɱˡΪʯ飬ư˶ӵ񣬾ܲٿظκһϣ֪֮ԷĴˣ˵ʯ
Ϊӵư˶ʱ룡˵֮Ǽ䲻ƽȵġȻôΪһԱķأ
ư˶ֱӳ˽ȥ֮ڣһʯͬʱſһһԵͬЭ
һ֮Уư˶ȻֻԼȺ֮Уҿķ޷̫ʱֵԼס
³ۣɲΪư˶ԵΪҲ
ư˶˼ףѾЩæмˣȺ֮ڣЩ׺ԴԴ֧̫áǻɱԼû˰Ѳ㲻ϵԼϷûˡ
ͻȻ˳Ѫӿư˶ϲĵԼڴŻˣ
ǰɣ군ˣư˶Ī˷ܣеֱӵ˳ȥѪ
֮е㱾üͷһ壬Ȼ尡ҿԼѪûбһư˶ͷԡֻԼѪ֮ڣҶȺ֮Ҳûá
ư˶һָָԼѪڣ
ˣʮʿ۵ǹֱӳ˹ư˶ϾڵʿԼķɽ֮ҲէȺ˹
䣡ɽ֮дһը죬ɽʯ촷ۣѪҲһء


2254 
ܺãư˶˷ܵеĹʯУⲻһ˵һƵˣϵ·졣ư˶ɲΪ㻹Ĺ»ӵʥķ
̳ɢȥղ˹ĵطѾһӣص²ˮˡư˶תͷĽٻĴЦѾˣԹ˳ӣҲ档
Ľٻͺ͵ʿһڰ֮УĽư˶ǣôôôûʧأ㿴Ǹʲô
˵һʿһ£ͬʱͷȥʬףȴǿһ̲ѪȻۣɢħ
ư˶ǿ׺߳һŻħޣѪؾۣ
˵˭ħˣıȻĴ֮˳ָһƴףָ̧һż׹ⵯֱӶư˶࣬Ű׻
ư˶һϾʿͬ˲ɱ
㳤һоΪָ˾ˬ죬۵ԽԽǿʹõʱҲԽԽǰԦ׾ͺķѾ޴
⣡ôû˶ɴ飬еŵĲԼ۾Ѫ۵ʱǲ֪ղ˵ֻǴ˼ҵķѣ
ЦǺǵĿ˵һˣ֪ΪʲôͷųΪûнѵԤǲߣҴҲĶࡣ
һʼıҪɱǣ˵ܻ˵֪˵˶ƹ㣬ǣ̲ô
㲻м˵ֻ·ǵҵģ˵طֻʤΪôֲˣ
˵һ˱˵ƨҷţ㿴ңҿ㣬˸ɫ׷׳룬鷳ЩԭΧ֮Ҳȡ˵ʿҲΣԶԶΧۣǲǰ
ĽٻϵʯһһСղҿǸСһ鵯ķȻܱϳķλڡȻЩʿķʱְʯó֪ʲô
סʯֻЩůͣסһ͸оһʶ֮УȻʯˣǺ
ϲõⱦǺöܰڹؼʱ̲漴ѹʯʹ÷֮˵˳˵һԵ
һƣǾ޷ԱΪ߳һ󾳽ʹãҲ˵ǻϾڣϾ۷ʿǿʹãԱϾǾˡ
ΪʯĳǸӵʯʿΪйأƿʯʿΪͣǿøȥǿʿֻ÷
ˣҲʮָˣһǿķ
ư˶һϾֵҵ֮㿴Ľٻվһԣղûи߹һȻչһЦͲɵЦһЦ𣿡
ҪֻҵʱңЦ㿴ĽٻԴɬĿ㣬һůܵõִ˵޸ޱ˰
߰ɣסĽٻıС֣ɬһ£ûѣֻˣĺߵΧô˿ء
ͿˣǿȥЩϸأʥɽѰ˰죬ҵ˴ǣвٶƷǡûҵ֮£ָΪһ;
ѰͬʱҲʼΪʲôĽٻԸ΢С仯ҲǾ֪ԭ˸ĽٻӰˡ
ҲĽٻ¸ҵ˵Լ⣬ڻ˺˸ĽٻĸӴôɬ
ʱ֣ҲЪϢһᣬȻ˽һˣʵ㲻Ὧ޵㲻˵𣿡
ǶҪĽٻƲƲ죺㻹
ǿЦãʲôʱһ˾ˣԼôС𣿡һǼԭĹ۵㣬Ƕͼı죬ҿ׶Ҫȸʲôó֮ӣȡλġ
Ľٻҧ촽Ȼˣֻû뵽ԼһνѾȻ˲ҪԼĽٻȻùתһ룬Լ㣬һɨգĽٻס첲ԳԵЦһ㡣
㱻Ŀ˶˵ůģһڣҪĽٻһֱԼʧ
Ǻ֮ڵɽ˺ģǼǵõģԼûи㹻Ρͷ˶ļ˪ѩԼֱۣĽٻŤӵʱͻеһ
Ĵ㣬㲻ɵԳֻ͵˶࣬Ҳ̫ס
ȻĽٻ˵Ҫһȥһ𣬵ʲô¶ûзǵҪʲôֶΣ
Щðգ׶ԽЩĵĻĽٻģҲ͵ͷӦˣڰ㣬ܵһ˿˺ġ
̶ϣҲʥɽѰϾЩʱ򱦱ǿġոʰ˵һˣɱĻʱҲˣãɱܱ⻹ȱܿΪá
ص˳֮Уÿһƺ˹ˣ׺ݵʧˣʥɽʱȫͬ
˶µĹأЩ֮оȻΪϰߣ㲻ò˵ˣǵĹʽӸҲϸִСΪһΧ˵Ҫͨʿ治Υ
㿪ʼμˣԭҪҪ˵ģ˲˵˭ܽҼ˲κϵĺô¼˻һҪеǸάһЩطȶΥ˾Ҫȥץ
ͺñһˣҪ尾Сеλͬκʸ궼ǿڰɣΪѰԻϧҲֻȹ˵һ˵ˡ
ֻԼɱʥõĸˡ
ߵ򲨺ĺߣӭź紵򣬵ĽٻԼϢֻʱ㷢һһֱԼˣͷ˿ˣĵһ˿ͣʱ̱ž衣
㰺ͷ˵ѣҺܾˣĿ𣿡
ߺߺߣһֱ룬Ҫòû뵽ô졣沼¶һϤףԾҲǾ㵲ѣԾòɣ˺ܶ࣬۽Ǵһ̺ۡ
һЦˣܻЩ
žžƻ£ֽסԾҪôߵĻɱƶ죬һֲء˻ôš
ЦлᣬҸطúþ۾ۣﲻ̸ĵطӭɸɡԾͷ㣬¶ĽɫΪΪѹԼһͷôģ
һãȴǷԾ˵˻ԣ˼ʱˣ뵽һЩ顣


2255 ŵĳ֮
ԼԾӭɸҲ̸̸Ƭ½Ḷ́ԭԾͨһĴ󷢴͹ġҲ˵ǵõ󷨲뿪Żʳ˼ĺ򲨺
ָԾ·ϵ˻ԣ߰Ѳһķɽʵ˵ˣ
ԾҡҡͷҸ㰡ÿһ˵мصģ˵ĻڲҲм¼һЩġ·ȴ˵˸ҵģɱ˵һʿġ
ԾɻҪʻ̽͵㲻ҪˣֶͨΰǼһĻϣ޷ڲصģԾ͵档
ȻԾڿǻϾڰǰʱϾ۷ѣǰҪǿϲʮȻɱ·ԭ˻õзվͲ˵ˣҲռ˺ܴһ֡
㵭ȻһЦΣӦùϲ㡣Ծ򣬵Լվ۷ʱھһʤȻ㣬Ҳһġ
ʱ򣡡Ծһʵˣ·𣿡
ԵǿԣӱϳҺ㶼ðϷաԾʵһϸ֯ʮϸͨǼҲ١ȱģϵģˣһɱ˾ˡ
΢ЦĵͷȷȻֳ˽ԶŹҪٲãҪ˱ϾׯңˣͷЩʿô
ҲΪԾȻ취ˡ
ҲΪ֪ʵҲһЩˣȺ֮ϾЩӵȨλˣߵҲõЯ˳ˣֻҪ£һ㶼д󰭵ġԾβĸ˵˵ĻΪһԿ
̸ԾɫڣҲУҲϾһҲ㣬Լ߻һھȺĽٻ
Ծ֮󲻾ãĽٻҲŽޡسʳĽٻףĳӭɸʿһעĿ̲ס̾㵹ǿضԽʮַŭҲվһξ롣
Ϊ˵ˣ˳ʳҲûܵʲô˴ţĽٻǲǿߣΪ΢⣬ȴʮˣ˭Ҳһ˲䣬ıڻˣȡ֮ŮĻϲ
԰Ƶ˼ϣ㵹ǷΧĺĿ⣬ֻû뵽Ľٻ͵͵͵龹Ȼ˹龫֡
޷ĽٻĹŹΪҲ㣬һĽݹǱǸʿҪҪǹȥһ£ؽ£˼ҵǡ
Ϊ֪޸ԼľҩԼˣȴΪѰˣ˶ԽȫʧȥģֻһͨŮޣΪʥõ˵СǱų֪Ȼƭҩ
رĽٻѵʱͷԼҪǿĽٻĶˣԶԽȫ
ص䳰ȷʮֲã˼иͷĵĵӣһ㣬ȻƲһ
Ľٻȴû̫࣬ӣ㣬˵ǶҺҪҪˣܴʶ
ҲĽٻĻ̾˿Ѿͷ̲סԼ㲻֪ýĶӳٵ𣿻ﻹԼЩѰɡ
Ľٻ֣㵱˹ȥȿڵãþòĽٻգգۣЩƵ죬ƺˬԼȷΪãҲ֪Խһ䱸˻ʮϡ
޲Ķ㣬֮ʱһʲô÷֮ࡢʦʦ֮ġ
к£Ľ֣һ˲Ű
ʱҲʱĽݷˣЦʵСƢҳߣɸλչˣûиλʲô鷳ɣУֳٴεǸϣλԭ
ĽֿˣǶĽݹչ˲Ŷԡ˷׷׸׻Ҳһһ̸˵ء
ȴ֪ĽٻСֲ£ĴȣҪг֮ʣȻһĿĽٻߵһۣΪݱʾ顣
Ľٻѵ㣬ʽ޵磬㲻˵Ҽô㿴ҴҲһôˡ
ôˣ㹻˵ĵˡ޴˴֣ҲϢˣһǾȥý˰ɡ
һϲ˿Ľٻ߽ͦʵظȻĽٻ֪˼£ݸһЦ֮£ĽٻС
ҹ㻹Ľ޻ĽٻһЩʲôֵָֻܳȥ˻죬Ҳû⣬ֻҪȥĽٻɡ㵹ڻǣγɵʵ
ҹĽٻȴ͵͵Ǳ᷿ڱĿǱ޵㣬㲻üͷѾͷͬеĿſھû뵽ҹǱˣѲҪɫ
ۣĽٻСָЩʵʵ۳ɸֻ״Ū㣬ĻϲЦЦ˵뿴˼Ц˼ȴִ
ʶȥܿĽٻ裬ŪЩ鶯ˣŵĶڵݣȡ֮ڻķĵЦݣ㲻֪ѾͣĿ֮Ľٻ
ãȻĽٻѵӦųŶ԰
ԣŨŨ֮ҶоʮһоĽٻɢҵ֮Ǹ㣬Ӱȴ֮֮
Ľٻһͣգ㣬а̾ʲôУʮ̹֮־һ㣬Ϊʲôֻ๫ӵֶ
㣿ĽٻԣлһûûлشɬĽе๫๫
ЦãĵǸɵѾͷô޸ô
Ľٻ㻹ûзӦаָ˴գȻս࣡һȥߵ๫ٺ١
Ľٻۣ֮գһ˿ˮӡεЦЦɵѾͷСŮƵġ
㵹Ƕ֮һЩ棬ܷô
һҹ޻ڶһٴμһ𣬳ȥʥɽĲãڳǶûǺɵģһɽ֮ϣŪþһһ㿴ž͸оһѹ
Щ򵥡㿴ſŵʿɱ֮ȻǻϾڣž˲뿿
ȻԶɶһ⣬һ½˶ݵǰ޵ӭ֣Ǵɰ
ǿĽٻɵһĵޣȻûƭңǾɫǺǺǡĽٻüͷʶ㱳վţƺĿž͸оʮֲ
һ㶣ſ㣬΢Цıһݣ˱ǿףȴǰȥк


2256 
Դ޽ܽĵʱ֪˾ҪĽٻˣϴ͵޺̸˾ġ
ۣȻʮţÿ۲¸ǲȻڡǸȫСܵģģǶԽĵĿѿĵĵλ֮ߡ
Ľٻǽˣ͸ģӶڽϻȡ㹻õĺôֻ¶зݣδز֪顣
ĽٻĵģֻǻЩԽԼһνѾȻΪҪԼڵһĽٻ˵һ̣Ĳš
ϾôЩȴǸĽٻܶĵһУĽٻǹ¶һʱõ˺ܴİο
Ľٻ£һ㡣
վ̨֮ϣûȥüͷ˶ĿŽģʮֲˬСطû˸Լʵʲôͷɢ𣿡
ȴû̫˽ǡ֣ҽܵûɣǸĽٻҼŮӣֻЩͷԣǺദһʱ䣬һȵˣܳӦܿһ档ԱǸĽݷ㣬á
ĨĨӣаȵ˵Ƣһô˵ĹȥҽǰĮ񡣡
޲Ŷͷ亹ĺſ񣬿ĽٻʵҲǿֹ֣ΪлϾڣСﰡ
ߣˣ֮ͬлûܴҵˡһӣ䣬ߣʵ˲صأλɲģСžͰСûˣ
вȷܿɱӿ֣ýѵԤŻһ㣬㲻Ϊ㿴ɱӿ֣̾ѵ֮ǿⶼ̯¡Ҳ֪ΪʲôҪԸԼ
㵭˵û˵ҵˡˡ
ûԤ֮п𾪱飬мҡָ˵ˣ˵ֻͨٲԱݲпе䣬ҵ˹³ϣִⲻǼˣΪܼ𣿡
Ľٻüһû뵽˲ͨ·ˡ
أҪǿߣ̧ͷñǿ׿˵̬΢ĩʵˣֻ競򲻹Ǹ˲ˡ
Ҫһ𣿡ڼ־ڱصãȻҲ磬ҲֻӲƴˡʲôˣſ˲͵ˣ
Ĵһӣ˵ܺãȻǱԣܵиͷ
ΣĽٻ˵̰Ŀһֻۣع鵽⣺ӮˣˣҲҪΪĿˣȥЩٲãѲߵ¡ֱӳΪˣΣ
Ľٻʣأ
ǺǣǱϾǽ޵ѣôأϾҲǿģиǾĽݹ㣬룬Һ˶ѡľ˵ĺޣı񣬶ĵ뷨ĽٻʮͬʱҲԽ޵˼ʧ
ԼѹǾȻһԿţ⻹𣿶Ǹ޻ЦȻǲⰡ
סҪĽٻʵأˣһǴ
ۿ㣬ܽ˵ĽٻãľⲢһԣóĽٻЩرֱϽľ͸оͷ
һξ룬һУʾ⽯һɢѿռóõɽŻͦģ㹻ãаȵǣһԣĽݹŮӣΪˣͲҪŮɱˣҶǻϾڵΪһҲң
㲢û˵ʵжԼôֱǰѾڿ˼ƣļ㾹ȻУȻҲͻȻ˶ˣ飬ɽⲨ
ȻͽֽսΣԵ
飡
˵˲ײΣÿһľ죬ײͬʱµʯ͵ѿֻݽ˵һ˲䣬ԭԵգ̱أ˼ա
Ľٻץסȹڣ˸ƽɫȻǵİΣˣֶ֪ζ࣬ǻǵģϾǸˡ
޵ǰ棬Ƕ֪ǽޣʹﵽ˽һľˣһ𽣣ǼӲޱȣȻޣȴҲ٣ӲӲԿһ㶼Ǳˣǵһο˸ƽֵġ
ʵӲӲǽռˣΪһѾҲóԼӡӡԼ΢ǳЩץϸ΢Ĳ
ı㣬쳹ɽţѡҪôԼ䣬ҪôҴſˡ
еʵɫƽһ΢С£ᱻסأ
޼æܹװǻƵȰ˵Ľݷֵܣҿ˰ɣֿǺģ˺Ͳˡǳϣ㲻ϸǸȻ󲻾˳ô
ҡҡͷɫȥµĺôأ
㿴Щޣǰ뽭Ľ岽֮ң֪ʱѾһããɢâĳڣ̲סҪʹõˣ
ӴڣȡģΪ׽ͨףڲܹʹ֮ǰ⾪׽ǿĹˣ
㿿趯еľ׽ǵĽһ˰УɲǼû׹Ӱ
û˿ȣŰеĽӰü˵ѹţԭӵһԳɽ֮󡣹ԽҲͣҲã㣬ʲôǽްɡ
д⡣㳰ŪЦЦ
ҲԼķҲһѵɽһ˶һƴ˫ԵĽĳŪǣҿԸ㣬Ⲣǿķһиǿķʹ÷һ˶ģʹõɽѾ԰ˣԺҲŪ̸ʡ
ܺúôܲ˵𣿡ڽ˼ˣΪԼ˲𣬲ǲʶ֪ж
ߺߣҺĸ㽨飬㾹Ȼ߷磿̫ԴˡĻ࣬ǳһѷɽͬǵȴƴߴ̹
֪Щʵ޷ȫ˦ΪĽŽӰһżǿܸԼġ
ǺǺǣһ֮ͰˡһǰѷɽһȦƵ󱳣˹ȥ֪޷Լģ
㷢ٵһеľ׽ĽӰȻųĿĽâϢֱʣһ̣ѿӣӰ·𻯳ױ⣬кȥ
׽â֡㲻˷ŽķԼȻԱĽŲˡ
úãĿشЦ˫ֳסͷ辢磬˸ϵķɽһƬƬɽɵǻܣӨ͸ǻӣգۼ㽫嶶סˣܲ͸硣
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׽ĳϷ˴̶𻨣ȴʼմ͸㽣
΢΢㵣û뵽ȫסԼĹƣһԵʿ׷׺Ȳʣֵģ񽣹Ȧ򷨲ƣȻ˵á
΢ĽʹɽƺըѿЩɽʯ䵽ȺУĽٻ˲òֵȥʥõҲˣִ򶷵нģҲ׷ײԸ֣ɿֵˡ
ƺҶ֪ĵ
㣬óʵɣӮҵġ


2257 ʤ
һף͵Ϯķɽ
ĿĴУ쳹գڳ˵ĶУջһȭֲֿʱ۶ڿγһֻСľ޺ɫȭͷʵʣȥ
ҵĻ𣡡
ޱ飬и߽ӡԽҵ֮йû˿⣬ɲ֮磬˫ƺ͸գֱֱذǸȭӰ֮ϡϾȻӵлȥҵ֮ı£
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ҲòȥȭӰɢ֮ܵҵĻӰ죬˹ЩҵĻȼڵҵ֮ŵֱ¶ƤĿġĺòײѹס
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΢΢һ㶣û뵽ƶ쾹ȻǰС
ԸŮ˵ҿҲȱˡ
һ½ӿڵҿδأͶǲӢľҸˣҲá
ȻϺˡѰΪһæĹ𣿡
ԸиҪ£㣬ЩͬӪҲ󣬷׷ױԼţһʱ䣬ȻΪ£ࡣ
ˣαʿ֮Ǳˣ˭ܴǾˡϰĴ˵ռ벿õҪѡһǰЧҲǼලߣ꿼ܷͨͿżලߵһ仰ѡ
ҿ쿴ִˣټô氡̨ͻȻæְĿͶ˹㳡֮У˲ţﶼܻӭģġˡ
ʱɽſϴžۼ˽ǧˣԶԶΧһȦÿ˵ɫ쳣ӣǿ˼ˣټͻᡣ
ȻЩŵ
΢΢Ϣ֮Ӱٴλһ磬ٿųٵزţ죬󻯳һɫĽӰ·֯һĽȦ˿ۻңֺȻĵͷء
۾޸飬Ҳû˿ɱ⣬սߵΪӰ죬ӶȫȫͶ뵽սУٷְٵطӳʵУûиǿ󷨱Ϊǡ
뻯Ͼ֮󣬶ĸ֪ҲޱȣǿҲɼ

ľ׽˽ĵطȥͻȻ䣬θ˹˶֪ΪʲôҪʱȻ
һž׽˦˹
ɫ䣬Ʒĵâŵָ磬ļԼĵɽͬҲǼƷҲ԰ܴ̣׼ȷޱȵһ
׽ȵֱӱˣȴǸƥ
ѹŽĵĳƺػ˾ʮȣ̶Ϊҵ֮ӳֵҲû۶ϡ
ƴȴǽˡ
߳ŭһصļһҵѪӰɡ͵һѪմȾԼѪӰ֮ϣһ˿˿Ѫҵ֮ںϣʵ쳣ĻͺڰƻֱɽŲ
ɽſϵƽʯשѾһһ߽ˡ
Ȼһ壬ٴɱѪӰ֮µΧԲʮڶ֮£ĸ㣬Ѿ޷ܿ
ҲûҪܣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ֳָ罣ԼĽ
һָཻƺԤ֪һλãڳ֮ǰ㽫ȷޱȡ
Ѫָ籡ϵײһ𣬼ʱ䣬˱ײϰٴΣžž죬ܵĵҲܲסǵϵرѿʯɡ
ԽԽģϲľѪˣӵѪԽ࣬Խǿɱ¾ڵļƷɵǽĵѪӰÿײһΣǿһ֡
ǴԽԽ˳֣øɱģǶӣȻѽһ㡣
ԽսԽңΧ浽ǿӿݵģһƬǽ壬սҲڲϵƶţطӽȺ֮У֮糱ˮɢսನ꼰Լ
һڿ
ľù£òȭˣŶĿ϶һȭĻֱֱػؿڣȴǱȴͷ˸գԽӼˣƾὣӰ󣬵ȴƲķߡ
ѾĲսȴּܲסһ־
ʱĳҲڻ˽ϵ񽣹Ȧ޵Ϊ򷨲Ƶ񽣹ȦҲܲסնش̽Ҽ磬ɲ֮䣬Ե˳ųԴԴϵسڣʼ޼ɵƻš
ĵɫò԰ޱȣͬʱһʣڿлһȣɽȺ֮С
ˣȻɽſѾˣȥһƬ˶Ŀɿڴҿ治Ĳģ֣Ŀ竣һ竣˷ʵĸߵ죬ȴûκ
û뵽ôһˣ˲֪ð㡣õ˵øĸķ⣬Щ
ϳ̸˴һȦЩ䣬ǲͬ
ߣأ˧СϲǺǺǣһºúõ۰ÿ۰ԸŮһЦһ뿪ɽſڡ
վǰɫһԲĿȻʧЦ˼ˣˣ𣿡
Ŀʱ˪ӣѿˡ


2258 Դ
Ľٻ˳ˣȴֱǽĺͽޣÿ˵ֻһˡΪǸĲʹ˷ŹԼҲ뿪ҵ´лԼû뵽ĵıô졣
ΪΪĿģ¶ˣʶֵʮǫ񣬷˾͵ͷ΢Цŷ¾ͻṰ˺ܶ¶ˣϾѵ֮УԼ鷳鷳أ
ɲ²ʥõΪбϾҲǸոտϾֵõ
ãĽٻֱһЩѪһ֮У㱾ҲһڡֻĽٻ˭֪ǰʵһȴǶˡ
õϽ˽һӡɳ˵ⲢһӡһƷ鱦Լ·֮ϣڵĻһǣĲ˵˻֮Ҳܸоõðױϳġ
ȻȻطֱ棬ʹðͽû취ð䡣
Ŀ˵õ˻ԣĽݹͷ£˵Ӯ˾͵ȥĽݷֵܣҾͰĪˣ˵ˣȻವǳϣȴҲ̫֡
΢Цı㣬ڵѾʳҩˣϵ˰̣ȴǻڣһЦ㡣
ޱ飬ֻһѪѣøķϻĻΪΪŭĶĽٻ˵ĽݹΪ˵һӣ㣬ճӦҪģԺҾļලߣʲôΥ˹ģҿɲӴ
Ľٻûƶڵ㣬ʱڽԵţҲ޷ģܲԸ⡣
ʧ߾иʧߵģҡڵãΪɵҿԸ㣬ҪΪļලߣȴҡ
˵һ䣬ͷҲأҲġһԵĽ޿ǸŰȥĵòĽٻԼҲ̲ô
ȰˣĽֵܣⲻǲʶʱ񰡡ĿǺͷģֵϽϾƫִһֻ࣬׸˸ͷ߳ˣ֮߳Σˡ
ЦЦЦЦ
ֻǼ尡ĽޣҾͲ㻰أѲĻǿòɣ
Ǹ˵ˣˡÿһ¼ʿڲɻ죬ϤԼִ£ͨͽѡලߡ
ĲˬȭͷʲôʱԼΪ֮ӵȨʧЧ˭Լӣʲôʱôȷ㣬ŵȼղ
ĶĽٻôţôףһ˶ԽԽĲǺɫ֮ͽȴϲرŮһϣ˵ʲôҲҪŪ֡޾һϲãŰġ
˭ļලߣǸҽĹȥߣ
ĽٻѪûΪĵĻκα仯㰲䣬Ϊ˵ġ
˸зᰲţشĽٻΪŵĺ԰һ¥˵һõطضĽٻĹҲΪжʱȫصںס
ˣԼŵĵطȻéԱߣûһţԴҲ̫˰ɣƵĴܵ֩ոմĽٻǱ߹ǵ޴
Ůܻȵģˣһʱɡ㵹ûסֻѯԻϧ䣬ԼŵطȻǱСЬˣСҴıʩչһϣĿռˡ
֪˻඼䱸ģͨĴºѣĮúܣֻ˲л̸˵أǵû೤ʱ䰡ÿ꣬빲ѳΪֿѡ
ֱΪӵе鲿һϵȨֻҪʥеڼԱĻɣûԻϧˣǻǸϽȥ𴦰ɡ
Ӵ˭ҵĺӣŪͨ
ȻģһĵĳŮһ㶣ȻԼϡ棡
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Լ׾Ȼˣǰ˵ʲôţ
ŶǺǺǣöصףлˣĽС硣Ů°ͳüۣȷŮڹԼ
Ϊ֮أ㻹ǺòģϾ˼ûԼʹͦǰ¶Լ·񱣲סҪһ㶼Ѻ
ҽкӯʥõ֮һСӲŽ˾͵˲õү֪һһʿʿֱӱдӲһ˿ΪйӣЩˣĥһ꣬Żǰʹࡣ
ӯƾȰһ渵ʵǿˣǶ˱ᡣû˸ģ˸һпɽˡ
ʼ磬Դ˿⣬㱻вռ˳˵ĺ̨ӲҪʵǸʲôģҪǸңǳЦңҾʧı顣
ӯЦû֦չԽԽǸˣܲѾˣֻҪôû棬Ҫô˲ţô㶼ߡ
ɨ˷䣬ʵǻʲôҪ˵ģ˵ɡ
ƼΪļලߣ£ܿĵĵѡʥֻӵӴӯ˸ۣ˦Լеķɫ˿ͦظԲѩ㡣
ץ˿Ŀͺӯ뿪㵹ϲ֬ص˿˿֣ѾʰˣСӴ
һУ˿ոɾǺ棬׻ʲôأԸӽķԸʹʲô͵ķʽأþ֮гһ˿ɺɽһߣĽٻС¡
㾲ϢҪƣĻʲôֶΣǿģӭ֮ģ۶ȥô
ӯ֮һصķ䣬Žģг̸ɵĺϣнޣлԵأһƣΪ֪ıء
Ҳ֮ˣĸǰ͹̵ģ޻㵽أûʾͱļƻıˡ
ӯĵڽĻУĵĴҲӯһ˫֮ڣĴ࣬Ūɸ״ò
ӯĵ˵٣ѾˣװɣΪȥɱءĵͷźӯ°ͼ⣬ĺãÿ㶼ˣܰ£ģλȥһõ̳ȥǺǡ
ӯŪˣ٣ɵüӴ
ĳϵͷ̸ˣָ£дһҵ֮һźɫ棬֮С
һѹȴЩնܱû״Ƕǰȴûһ
ϵĿƻͦЧĻӻ֣ȥɣǸĽݷ㣬ºɱġ
֪ǿǴ򲻹ģһ˵Ĳ֮ڣҹȻ˵Ĺأ˲뵽һֽ赶ɱˣѵֻԤȷʵ޷²κԤ
ʮֲˬȭͷԼò׻ʱѪݵŮ˰ֻӣͱˡ
÷ʱźôҪ죬úһסҲȴʱ˽


2259 ˼
صĳЩȣΪĽٻʲô£æȴ˵һаãֻ˹л㡣ȻЩ֣Ľٻϵƣһǧ𣬵ʮֿ
ͷû̧һߴӴ֮óһЩҾһڨЦûʲô£лأ
ȻûаصвϾڵʵǽɱԼġ
ҪģĽݣҲ˽쵰Ŀҷϵʲô˲ǶҺãʲô˶ҲãԽ˵Խ߽ЩŹ֣лҲӦǱһŶ԰ѵթ
㾯ʱȴѾˣͻȻסĲӣ촽һӡϣ̸оʲôԼʺˮҩޱȣȻԼŮ֮µͷ
Ŷûˣ鸡Ĳ˸ոհںõļҾߣ㿴ߴĵأĵŮ˻ǲңαҩαԼ
ûʵ˵һڲ
ָоԽԽǿңһĽ޹㻳Уֵ˵磬֪޲ͬӻ׵ģί㣬ȴҲġ
֪صѾ˵ˣֻ±˭ƿءص䣬޷ȹ
㾡Ѿܿڵҩҩ⣬Լһһ飬޷Ч
磬㿴ѾôӲˣΪʲôҪҪͣ
ʧɫ֪ʲôʱѾԼĿͷǹ̵ĺڳֱϲ䡣
⣬ҸȫĵطⶾŮҲйŹ֣ӦǱ˿ˡһУطʥɽ
һʩչϺƳѹĺӯȻ㾹ȻסϾʿ޷͵֮ҩɢ
ȥ׷ƻִУ֪ͨ˵ŮǸĽݷ°ǿˡ
㵽ʥɽһɽݴԡʱҲ˿㿴㡣һֻͷǣһͷѾ޷Կˣ֪ǲԵģҩķҪء
һˮɫȻɫ΢ףȴȻƵò绨
رӵţ͸һӢˣ÷ѩޥ˪ڣϼӳ˫Ŀͺںˮ֮ϵ¹⡣ӯӯһյ洹磬һˮɫӣͷ˿Сññ߲һĴëۼ续Сֱ¶ѩļһ˫ô۾
ŵһԽԽڵڲݴ֮ϣϮˡ
ֱֱĿأȻһЦ磬ɣġ
¶飬̿ˮصСұ˳ӵӸǹĵռͦظҲвǳؾĿ㣬˼֪ʲôƺƬ̼־˻
ſ˵ʲôȴûзһ
ȻԼǴ֮ȴѾ㿴⣬ظ߿˵ҪҰɡ
ţָһİӣԽԽͻȻоһĺý۵㴽
һѹ˫ϣȻţ㶼ܸоصԼ赲Լѹơص촽ģܺţѸ˷ӦӲصĹɼᣬȻŵȴܸоõǻȡ
µӲݲѹһš
ǵңرһֱţһְϸĲϣǽۻļ̽
ǹصĲӣǹ磬ʱص弸ȫǺۣһԱ鷿ڿСչǰڵһξ£׵Ƥɳһõ죬һյҪµѪ
غЦ˫΢գݼ俪ʼƵҲ߰ؾŤֱס˫ȷֿԼ߲£Լֳ
˺ܿ칲һ֮С
ãȾϵѪһͷƳ棬ղغԼŮ֮³۷˳ʱ򣬾ͷ˳ۼֿץסˣԴˣ֪Ϊʲôػᱻ˿ƣȻǹƶ
ת͵أоԴκģ˿㣬ĵץһԵ·סԼӡȻôһ㶼ȣ
ȻһЦ콯˵ңΪļһҪռңûбѡɱұֹˣΣεһҾ뵽³ãǼ˰Ҹǿˡ
ղѾָʶˣҲŷǰҿˣƵس̾һͬҪ裬ֻһռкͱһȺռУһԱƺûеô⡣
ҩʮƣûжܾġԲ𡣡
ر˫ȣҡҡͷⲻĴƺҵԸ㡣ҵ֪ҳµĻ϶Źġ
Ը𣿡ȻҲµһ㣬ϾĻǶԸˣĽٻڲɽţԼֲܶߵҲΪ˵ĺ
𣿡ЩֵĿ㣬ΪϾ˵Ľǳ
һҹްҹҲẦ㡣
ۣߵ֮¾ʹգҲɼǶǱõģҿ԰㣬ӴǲҪʲôˡ
ͷã˴룬ְѹεӲݻٵͳһ¿ھǱٿˣĲ˵Ȩߡ
صͷǾ˵ɽҶֱ߳ȥɣҪǡ
̶ã󷽷ɽװѰһû˾ͱˣôһ£нĵ˸ĽٻǱ˿ڲɽ֮С
һϲı飺ж𣿡
û°ɣôý䱸Ķ㡣һض֪ӣصҺܺðҼĽݴ籾ôǿЭʥɽѰôˣ
кɲ⣬Ĳ˵ԼŮ°ڿһ¶ûаĿɿڴҩԼٲˣ˿϶ʲôϵؾȻװûһ˳
ⲻܣ
ҲĿɿڴ룬ӵɽطԼʧˣҲȻܳΪؾȻû·һܲ˵Լظˣ͸ϴϽŮĻɣ
ˣŭķȥúмвԼ֪飬Խĺ㶼ʮֲ⣬˳ôڲõĻȻǷǡ
޸ҪߣȻغס콯۸ңʥɽģȻ˵ҪҸ˯ſˣⲻĽݴæ
ŵѪɫæģĮͷأֱˡɫҲʮ˵ޣƽʱͦãû뵽¹ޡ
ܻŮһȣƨ¡΢΢һЦӴ֣ڮڹΪ𣿡
ѾˣԼ򰡡ܹĵļƻȴҲ޷ֹظԼˮͬΪͽɱҿûʲô
ޣ˵ģڣ𣿡ָܵĲľ֣ǲԼĵط


2260 ƭ
Īģ˵ǸСؾ֪ڣĸǰһ˵еͼ
ɱ˽֮󣬶ͽĶʮֲˬҲӼΪԼŮ˽ĺ֮ƷϢˣɱһ㹻ˡ
ԱߵĪĵͷصȷڣʥɽѾ˲ˡ
ʵǸĽݷѡ˭ල𣿡
£ȥˡãƺûѡ˭ĪСӦĻ˫ַڱػص˼Ȼ취ͽĶȥǸСؾ
ס
Īһᣬ뵽һӣ뿪ȥıˣܿ˽ģϢʵƻ
ջ֮ͱϣŵҪٲÿɽŵ°£Ϊļලߡ㲢֪ϸһģҺҲϳɾϷˮƽܸߡ
ǵôҪΪලߵĿľΪֺýţıԶǰ
ʹӦúϳΪԼļලߡգ˼򵥵ҩ񣬻ϻ㱨ȴǿϸ̸
Ϣƣֹһͣ˼ָʲô
ЦȻǾϢӳ˶Ѿˣзһؾ˵ҲԵְĪϷֵģͼСĵˣҼ˸©ֻǸطһȥЩ鷳
ЦЦʵؾָǣ
˵ȻΪ⣬ֵЦЦ˵ſпʯдСؾ
СؾҲͬʱɫ䡣
СؾʲôЩһЩǿµС磬Ƭڵؿռ䣡
Ϊ˱Ͼ۷徳Ѿ춯صĴˣͨǧܻּɷƸ꣬رɫΪﵽ˱Ͼǿ󣬳ҵ֮ͻޣӶܻһƬռ䣡
ǾСؾһЩ֮⣬ʿеͨ
ЩϾǿЯĴȵȶСؾУҲÿСؾһȷѪ꣬ᣬͼռеı
ϾǿıԶ˭˶ҪĶϧǣСؾջ󣬵ȴǼΪѰûеͼǸҵġ
ľȻ֪һСؾģıԣôĸ߱ˣ
ȿȣĽݷ㣬ˣϺͽļæ˵Ҳ㣬ֱˡ
ϼ֮ϷղŵĻˣͷСؾ
ϵǼһ£ȥҲɣ֪ܣɲܾߵʱкôһЩģ⵹һĵĺûᣡҲһɵ֪ˡǻǵ͹ˣıǾԾĹСؾǵǲ
㵱˵ҵļලߣȻңȻӡֻǲ֪ʲôʱ
֪ЩĦϳ̸ˣ˵Щ˶ԹںδɡҪǹͬСؾ
ţСؾ޷ܾջ㽭ȻʵҲУҲǳصģȻпв壬һΣʱ˭˭˵׼أ
СؾʱȷʵĶˣջ޷ܾȻ֪пթո˵󣬾㲻УƾźԱûʲôġ
ҹĽٻ˸кٴϵĸۡαܹʰΪһĿĶϾܾһҲǵһΡ
ţļֻǰûнĽٻеĵ֮ɫŨЦţܿӯҲ˺ϸۡĺԺװӯӡ
ţ˶ǻϾڣͬһ֮еٮٮߡʹ𣬶Ը˲⡣
һֻɫſڵϣͷ˫ᣬչǲʮ׳̣ȫ˺ɫƬӥͷʨһͷͷޣͷɫ˼ŻָƽϾڵޣ
ǽŪôһͷ
㾪ȣĶʱϲɫֽԣҵ͸ҵٶȼΪֲ˲Ϣǧﶼڻ£ǻϾڵޣһĻϾʿĶ֡
⽭ĲǻϾڵΪȻܶûϾڵȻһ竰
ˡϻ̸ˣ˵ɽ̧٣᲻Ľݷ㣬Ҳлٴ˲С˹ϢǰӣҲ뵽СؾѰ֮С
㹰ֵǰЩ񣬽ٲҪϣлٸλᡣĿ˿㣬Ҳװװӣ㿴Լһ߿Լһ˵ⲻǰԼ
дšüͷǿĵȵ˵طϡ
㣡
Ȼش˽ɫ΢䣬ؼʱôˣؽŵ㣬㲻ȥ
ɫˣأȻƻԼĺ£ô֪թģȻû뵽ؾȻԼԼĻֻҲзݲа
ԥˣҲУԼ֮ġļԥҲżˣ¾㱸ֻǷ簡ֻҪСؾ֮ڣԼӵеͼȻ뿪
Сؾڼпܱ󷨽ģ
ֻԼˣҲüƻ˳У
Ĳõڹ⻰ʲô˼֪ȥʲôεĲ²⣬Ҫң㵹˵˵ҪʲôĽݷֵܲ飿
ηĺˣַĶʲôšüͷ˵СؾʲôطϾǿĿռ䣬ûбϾ룬Ǿһûеͼǡ
ĴֱĴص˵ݹͼҽӰбͼҽϣڲģܵͼ˰ɣֻǵεϤģ㿴Žİѵͼ˺ϣ԰һЩ
֪ΪĺϸһİҲ֪
صǲ֪ôشĵ⣬ϢֻǴӸ׸Ī̸ʱ͵ģֲҰԼҪභĿ˵һʱĿɿڴҲʮֺ棬ûв룡
УҲȥûУ˵ʲôҲҪȥ
ЩεĿ㣬һ֮ģ˱ڣһȥΣֱʱָУɡ
ĴϲֻҪԸˣԼһСؾڲˡ


2261 
Ľݷ㡭ɫҰף˵Ļû˵꣬Ѿһ⣬ʥɽٷȥʧҲϴˡ
ϣҵô꣬ѵ㣿ضͷ϶˺飬֣Ȼкܲ
ϵΪ򶨣Ĭ˻ᣬ˵С㣬㲻еƽյı²³çǡΪΪһϤĽݷҪԣ
㣿һģҲ̫żһʱû룬ô˵Ҳع˵˼ҪҲһɱˣ
ҡҡͷͬʱҲͺӯٶȣͽǰͷǸСӣϾǳէûʲôСͲͬˣأѵСûٵĴ𣿱Ͼٵͷܴ󡣡
ڶԽǺøȫޣƺȻ˵ǰҲʶǴӱһյǵҲͶˣ˵Ҳûʲô˼ɡǲóѵģΪƾƭ֣ܶԸô
ӦǿԵģϷݼһҲܺãϷҲһΣСؾдصĺȥľ͹ˡ۳룬Ц
أ̾˿˵һҪŻҲЮˣȴ޷֪ͨʲô
ر𣬺ÿֲٶȣ㿴ǰͷӥͷʨ޵
߿֮ϣ߽ǾХ֮㲻ĸڽȴûںĺϺͺӯ
Ҳǰ֮Աӹǧľ룬ٶʵǿÿֲԵٶȺȻһɽɽ֮СģͣºߣҵǱˣҪǺ˵͵ܣô
ǺǡøĴ𻰣ȥ˾Ͱ˽ɱˣ󻼡
ڵȴϵ˵ͬʱܵĻյɽȣֻܴȴûг·ġ
ιˣСؾھǱߣɣȥ̽̽·ĵ˵ţĻȻÿ˺ܶ࣬Ѿ˵Ҳûڳʱǰˡ
ȴûϽɱЦʲôǶûءѲһ˶̺ô߳ŭȥ𣿡
ĿɽǴһһֻǲ֪ܲܳЩ޵İΧȦأϾǿ
ҡҡͷȴ㲻ʲôϣڼȻˣҪɱһɱãٰͨƽСؾûͼ߲ʱԼҲܵõĴ涨вٺöԼҲֵˡ
뵽ͷе̰Ҳˣô㣬ԭصȴ֮һӲڸסĶѨȥ
ں棬Ѩ֮ȻһʯдСؾƺ˿ǵģҶɢҵ֮ǿһһźͷŵҵ֮ȷһСؾ
Ѿѹι˰ɣɻʵ
ĵҲпܣûϵʬûеͼȥֻδܵõʲôȻˣ̽ôУ
ƺи󷨣Сһ㡣ָָλֵĸʯ
ͷûи˿ҪЭ͵ϮԼѾˣǱȻģûԣƾһҪԶǼֱǳ롣
ҪɱңȻῴ¹˭ְɡ
ĵĮֻҪ쳣仯˲ʩչȫֶΣڵʵ㽭еҲδֵʲôȥ
ı㣬ûֵ˼ǴɽСΪ֪Ҫ붴Ҫĸˣֻӡ
ɽ濴Ӳݵڸǣϵشɽĵط治ױ˷֣ȴǱж죬ΪǽϹмʮͨһģһģҶһʯš
һԲεĻأƺҪĸվŲܴЦֻŪСϷĿƭ㡣ʵֻҪһ˲棬ȻͨСؾԽˣȻˣʶпܱСؾɡ
ļĽ䱸ķŵͣĴЩʯţЩ滹һ󷨣ȴ棬ԼƭȥװϾɱôҪٱСؾɾ鷳ˡ
һƽϣ̸ı⣬ֱӰƽСؾ֮ڡ
ǰͷЩʯţĸ֪ΪȻܷǽϵĹŹܸ֮оʯ֮һɼΪֲϢϣء
ĽֵܣΪǿȽȥ̽̽·ɡļؿһۣͷţСؾڵȥǿߵʶϵʮʯͬʱγһ󺧣ⲻ˵Ҫĸ˲ܽ
ƭˡ
ˡ
ԽԽ죬ʯȫƿʱѱɼХǡܵ˼Ӱ죬ǱϾǿߣȥԼʶԼͷǣҲű
ʹâʣεػסȫХӰ죬ȻĳȻ׼ģȻôݺأ
ܿ죬㱻мһʯź˽ȥļԼļƻɹˣƬҪû֮ˣķЦǰ׳գ·㲻ߣƫȥ
ıȥˣĵؿЦҪжϿСؾϵ֮ͻȻɳһɫס˽ĵ޷Ľ漴Ҳڿն𣬽֮С
㴩һƬڰռ䣬иоǿҵ֮ϵĹۣƮͣ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãԼ˯ڲݵ֮ϣ֪СؾˣǱƭģ˵ǧǱһʧմֻм׸ߣɽˮɭ֣ŭ
Сؾ𣿿кŨﾹȻϲӵĵط֮٣Ѿܾûˣû뵽ˡ
𣬺һͬʱҲص󴦣Ҳ򱻺ĽģһЦڶˣʰ
ֻɱһ𣬽ľ̸оҵ֮ӣɿ˲ˣǰһƬ
ʶѲ˺ü飬һ񣬿óĵͨҲ򵥣˾ûҵǵ˲ٵޡ
ЩҲǻϾڣڻϾھмͷǻϾڵģ죬ֱۣ⻹ֻǸޣҪǼĻֲ֪ޣ
㲢û̳˼ԭϥ£Ũز񻰣þûио㣬պΪҲϵĻָ
תһ֮ɫ԰ףЩͲգȻŨܼɸɽУϸӡǾͺȻ׹⣬Щȫż˳ȥԼԼ䣬ƺ˷ŭʵЩоȻĳ˵ʶƬɣԹޣԵ
ô£һ亹


2262 ؾ֮
ܵؾȴܼˣһԼʶҲ˳
ƲŪСؾǱϾľҲĲдľһڣͻᱻ־ͬԽ࣬ͬؾԽͻ᳹ױԭǸˡ
Ͷ޶𰡣
оϾǿ֮Ҳ˿ֲЩЩǰΪҪǰþܻСؾˣǻؾĿĿɲΪ˽ԼıˣΪ˵ȴĻᰡ֮±ҲֻΪǰѣ
ֻϧ˲࣬˵һ
ӦûбķʽأţѰ˼ҸСؾܡһŵҩָ
ʶܣûֽĵټжʱЩɻǵһη֮˸ˮƽˣʱʱ̶ֱ̿߶ϵĸоȴֲָ֪оǴģüһϣԽӽ
ȻҲ㣬ԾͲȥˣѹһıɣСؾܻ֮ģʱ򿴿¹˭֡
ͨ㣬ܣЦЦȻǰ̤һ˲ʧ
ȥ֮׾֮һˣǽģʱüͷĽǿ󣬸ղһ̣ҪǶ˸׸ԼıҪˣѵԤɲǼٵģ
ƾ踸׸ķһٵĽȻޣɱŨ
СӦʵôţȻֳĵͼͼӡǣֻƾͼ뿪Сؾֻ·
ԶȻҵɫһϲһཬһηԼһģӰͱģϢȫޣӰʧˣ˴һ㣬Ӱ١
ֹƺ޶ˣҲˣұȻŹ
˻
ӰճһƬɭУǰһ˻𣬴ҡ
һֻľ֣ɽߴǾ˺ľ㼱ٱÿ̤һõŻ˻Σľʯɽƺˡ
ǾϵƬףǿΪѲʵǱϾʿǿӲޣǵҲһƬ
ϧӵеǼƷ
ǣߴߴ磬ޱ³һܿ˾Ŀҧ
ĵâ˹µǾٷɱӰӲԭأƿһ˿ڣǼƷҲƿһСӡ
˻
Ǿزҽӣͺһһ磬ƿ˸ƬȻ˳ƶϣƿѪƮ죬Ǿɽ߸߷𣬵ʱѾò
Ͼޣ˲䱻
ڰĽԼ㣬ҪɱǾҪʱһ˲ıֲ̫ˡȴЦкܶޣЩ޶СؾĿڶ࣬㲻ֲ֪λãܶùأ
໡
Ǿǰͬʱ˷޽кŽյĽŲܳһ˫˫Ұ׵۾ض㡣
ɲǼŻѪζ
⾹ɫĲǣÿͷǵʵǻϾڵʵΪײѪѪҺʹǱʵˡÿγǳȺӣΧϣϾڵʿǣΨֱ֮
ءΪƳĺУĳЩǽش˳ŰΧס
Ӵ࣬ÿͷͻСȼɫɫĻ棬Ƥëң˫۲ҰףɢŴ̱ǵѪζ˶Ż
֧ȺֻʮͷĻǣģǺСģʵߣϾڡ
ֻǲһ󰡣ȻȸЩ롣
ء㾹ҪӣʱȻŭĺУǹźšȺһӵϣɣ赲ȥ·һɫ۶ɣ޷ͻơ
һͷһͷͳûʱü
Ŀͻ㣬ƺЩǱɵôϲĵúܲס˶࣬Ҫˡ
ͻ֮һŽɫĹâһͷУһ㶣ͷԼġ
ӦֶΣҵСͷԵһΡɲ͵ϮԱ߿š
飡
ЩϾڵĲǣۺȭͷ֮ϵǰͬһȭһ˲ȫ
ˡӰʧһ̣ѾϿգһȭ
ϾڵʵͬСɣĹ֮ǰҲܷӦ˲Ϣ֮ƫתԼӣ죬ȭͷַʧȥ˴ƬȺܡвҲۿۣ
䣡ⷺȭͷϱڡ
һȭûбٹ⾳ܽ£ͷҲ⣬Դ˲㱻˴룬ѪĽȳ
һʣĲǷ׷׳ˣپ㣬Ҳûٴðʧǰ㹻࣬Ҳû̫ǵĴڣɲķڰĽĸס
ʱ֮ͻȻһŹâͽĶӰǺϺͺӯô
Ĵϲ˵ĵطǸղԼµƬݵأһ˸̸ϴȻ͵Ϯ㸺㣬㸺Юʡ
Ϻͺӯϼ޻֮ˣϢûһ֪ǽĿҲΪ˾ԼϾĵͼǸ˺ϡ
Ҳ֪ĻģʱҲʱѽģŲʣֻӲͷƤˡ
ӯվ߹㣬ʵأ
ǺһЦˡ
ʲôӯݵʮֱ棬һźŵӣͰ㣬㣬ɱ㴳ˣ֪ǽ𣿱Ͼڵĳϣžɱ
ˣϴֱĴӯ˵ʵôģɱİɣ
ǺһЦȻǣ޶࣬ɱ⻰Ǵţϧȴ֪ϺͺӯǽĵˣνǧǱһʧϺͺӯĲͬɫΪԼ²ûд
˵Ľݷ㣬½ˣҲðʬ״ȥ˭𡣡
ЦЦȻ
ӯ䱸Ŀأվں棬Ҳȥˣеͼ˽ٵʬ׻Ǿ뿪Ľݷ㣬㱻ˣͷҿɲŹӯص°ͣв㡣
вҪǰȴ㣬һ²һ°ɣĽֵܣҺϣǷŵù
㵭Ц϶жôŲأ
ǾͺãҵĻҪ£ŽĵĺǾ߰ɡϾѾܽˣֻľ룬ûг֣ڲȡΡ
㱳ָǰͷһɭ֣ղǱ߷򶷣ʬ޴ˡϺǺһЦ¶⣬ɱⱩ¶ͫһ
̸ֳֵͻȻɫĹâƣȻǼƷҪң
ϺٺЦǣҴû㣬һֱǽٵˡ
̸ֱۣӴ֮ϣǿ壬ֱӰ˳ȥͬʱҲͬʱֱ֣ӳֽԣݺݵһȥ
ۣ廯أ


2263 ƴ
ûκεĻζں͵ϮֵһɲǾѾˣӵмǿһüãʵ;ѪԶ
Ѫ
ɭ֮ͷųԼѪľǽġ㷢ֺǽʱ򣬱ѪǰȥˣȻôκأȻΪϲһҲ˵Ѻϵεˡ
ڿԼѪϳصʱЦЦԼ
ͻȻһĻһУӯٺһЦʲôѲˣͷɣɫɷףԼرܵ飬û뵽Ȼˡ
ĿѪѾ͸͸ˣֹǲЩ̫ˣô׽ˡϺǺЦҵķ͵ϮһܻĿԲΪȻߣվ已̥
ļæ߽ҪϵĴȣͷצǽʲôûз֣ʵױˣæû뿪ͼϣͼ
ǽվǷӦ˰ӣһʶѪɫ䣬ֻķһʶݷ
ಡһѪһ̲Ѫն£ȻնˣѪѪ񾭡±һ̲Ѫһ̲ѪϽĵֱۡ
ͬʱıͻȻ˳ȥ˺ӯı󡣺Ҳ̾ͬΪϾڣӯҲͬеٮٮߣһѷɫȣĵЦСһﵹǹƶˡ
Ů˵ǲҪٳһ裬Ѻӯˡ
˵˭ŮˣӯһһߴӲģԹԵĹİɡ
ܻ𣿡㵭һЦץסص֣һûбƳƣЦ㿴ӣҪһֱֻۡ
ӯͷ˿ģȴǷֽıһ̲Ѫ֣ʹ಻ĴУңҰ
ѾѪĵѪˣǡѪ񾭡ǿ֮ˣ˽ĵѪ⣬ڻΪһ壡һȫգǾǻ˽ˡ
Ѫ񾭡Ǽħ޹ƽãֻԽʵ޿ˣвԼʹŴķʽ
Ϻϵϣֱж˽ĵֱۣһҽУȴƣͼͼؾ߾Ҫ뿪͵ÿ
ϼæóͼһſƲ۵ƤͼŽɫĹâеֳͼȫͬġ
ϺͽľͺӯЩ룬ֱ˺ӯϢһʧӰ٣ȴܿ˽ĵĶˣȻһʵηסȫһϢθˣܴϺϣ
ñֻܸ̾һĿ겻ҲȻ޷׷ˡ㿴ӯЦ㿴㱻˰
ӯŵĺ˼ҧأû뵽ԼˣԼҲ̫ѣ
֪Է竣վһӣôһЦݺңҸɱˣҸһᣬ˶ϰɡ
ӯȻĵЦЦĽֵܣҪôѾ֪ˣҶʥõʿ˵ˣӦ֦ͬӦôɱɱ
û뵽Ů˻ԼΪƹð·ôˣҶ㲻һȤԷӲһҲԼº󻼡Ķ֮ĵʱѾˡ
ӯɫ쳣ѿǾĿԼ۾˿ԼϣԼ·ѹҲһۣɫĵ˵ΪʲôһȤûаô˵Ҳˣ죬ҵĴҵıŸ
ޣ˾ɷŮˣһϲĮĿȻƯȲŮӶҪǿģԵУֻϧŮ˸ǿǧٱܼǣɱġ
Ҫһء
ʲôӯ˱ӣܵ˼Ĵ
̲סŤԼ֫תһȦЦһˣʮ˺ΪƾЩͼҩܱԶ
ӯȻŭץĴһҲ̲סˣһģһɷ紵˹֪ЩϢ룬æж
Ѿһ֡
ӯǺЦˣźɣһ
Ϊߵ𣿡ͳӯһһҡȣһһ˵ķмΪ׷𣿿ڳԣҪɱңͣ
һնӴεâ˳ȥӯ֪ƷӭӣոձλãȴǾѪܽˣֱӱѪһ֮ڡ
𵽣ȥǸպӯ
ڵϣۺ죬㰴ס򣬵𶯣Ҹⶾغߵĵͷ㲻ȥ׷ĺúϣȴǻͷԼʮָж
ã³һźѪһӯӯһݣл㣬ֻ㲻ǽĽôղԳΪˣ


2264 Ѫ
ҵļϣ㲻Ҫ˵ȥѺӯķȸ˹ҲǼƷƫغ͵Ϯ͸ɣꡣ
㣡ؽӹ֮󰵰ס֣İɣܣҲ˵ȥġ
ʶɨСؾǸȫڱ˺Ϻͽĵλã˾һ̨ϣƺҪõͼ뿪СؾȻͻȻ䣬ؾͻȻۣۺϣ
һˣʶҲܵ˳ԴͻȻۣʱһŭ𣬴ʶ֮𣬵ؾռĹŹ֣ŻָæҪˣûеͼҲ߲ˣ
㲻ʶֱ˲˹ȥȴǿסԴʹĲҽţǸ̳Ҳһ󷨵ƵĹâ
૵̳Ӧþ뿪ĵطͬʱҲؾˣͼü̳ĵطƺԽĺⰡ㲻ǸղŵһĳǶԼģ޷Լֻ֣ǿռˡ
ϱӴҵ֮˼̨æ־ȾȻ׷Ҷˡԣֻؾ˶ɹˣҾ͵
㲻ΪȻôΣΪƭҵ֮󣬻ܸҺƿڴ޴ڲµʱ뿪Ψһȷ¡
ˣȻĲסԴʹĽ£Цţҵôãڵȵһ壬һߣšСӣԭģЩر𣬲޷Ȼٶһξˡ
ʼ磬˿ûбŵԺѾѰ·뿪ˡ
ǺǺǣСӣǹȻǻϾڣҶҲˣӵбϾʶԼ飡иͨΪʤ𣿡ĿĴУ㿴ҵͨɡ
ֻͻȻҧأҵ֮ͣ·һֹĶϱ֮ϣۣͻȻ䣬ǶϱͻȻһֻ±ۣҲһû뵽Ȼа׹Ǹôͨ
Цˣʰˣ壬Ҹϲġ
ŽϷӿѪоԼѪⲻǡѪ񾭡ɣ㲢˻ᡶѪ񾭡ֻû뵽ôԼ
Ĺһҵ֮嫵ĳֱӱɣϺſֵסϲһͷӵøˡ
ֱ˦ԶԶ˦˳ƷûγһУ쳣ӴҪѪǿÿơѪ񾭡ǸղŻʮŵĽͫͻȻһȫûϵķǿһصֱӽ
ͬʱ˸žһλ
žǸޣֱӽ廯һѪϣסɱһ㡣ͬʱѺѪȥԷ⣬ؾкܶǿޣϾʿǰ仯ģܵٿء
һǣֹɱ͵ϮأвԼ
ŻѪĽģҵףܡ
Ȼɫǿѹ㣬ʹϾؾռѾˣ㲢ôΪ
ܵ޲ӿʥһªļ̨֮ǰ̨֮ǾɽϣҲؾռıԵˣ޿ˡ
ȻɫԣӦеͬʱԾס˹ߣȥҹ٣еĻϾͻȻһѪֱʧڿ֮У㲻ۣʶЩ޵Ĵڡ
ͱúܱˣüͷҲǽţЩҲһѪͽںϣȫ⵽ô£
Ȼǰһˣ쳣޴㽫׸ߣȻǸСˣӲǽĵôֻͻȻֹ㱾ܵһٻȥǾ֮вصѪײȻܲжϣѪ͸֮󣬴塣
׻壬ȴûУǱǿĳ֮𵴵ýˡ
ķٺЦɫ䣬ЩѪƺѪ񾭡ͬʲô
ͻȻںڶ޳ֵĽģѲѪ񾭡Ӿ㿴һߣǴҲһȺǡкЭʱڲ£ֻǽʵ񻹴ء
ռ䣬ԼΪ̵ȴŲóÿʩŶѹƣٶȼҲʮơ
ܻм޺ɣֹæȥػˣǽͻȻѪʧٴʱȴǳ
ɫ䣬һꡣ˲ܿճһƬ徻֮أûѪŰģ㻹ԼΧںϣԼڽ֮ڡ
ƮɢѪвϷĺ
Ѫ֮УһҽУüëһЩѪʧĻôʵܵ˺ģϾ廯Ѫʧ
˲Ƶ࣬ʱضûжķצĵһɼʵİȫĸоڣЩﶼˣ׶Ըһ㡣عҪСģЩǸѾˣħܻѪпܰǸֽȥ
˵꣬һ۱壬ŷٶ죬Ƽǿһ㣬üͷһ壬ѾϾΪܴﵽļ˰أͬʱ˲ƣǽҲ˲ƣĽž͸㲻ֻӲƴˡ
Ŀһ˫ֲһѪɫۼס֪һ¾˲ȴһ̸ıĻ·ߣϡ
أֱ˽ĵĲӣǲǴһѪۼױĴɱҡ˫ֳһϣһѪƾմ۳źͺ󱳶ѪУһѪӿȻʧȥʶ
㼱æ룬µҩ˿ڼٻָüͷղԼ׻ֱ֣ӱпûϵֱӱѪдƣѪθ֮ڡ
˰ɣǿԽϾڵ۵Ŀռ֮ڣһжᱻģıŭĴУѪֱӰˤ˵ϣֱˤð𻨡߿֮Ҫȥ
ش󼱣˲ƵϷʮ˵ͬʱγɴ󣬽ĲΪ⣬̤զһһ£ʵȻʮ±еɫ׭𵴵죬ըֱô𶯣ǽһ˶ûһ˹ǺǣСϷŮ˵ʰ㣬ȶ˺õ˵
ʧѪһеĳŽĵֱۣ𣺡ұ
䣡ƽһըֱըһӣֱӱɵˣǷӵлϾڵʵԱǲѲֶΰǺ˷ѷ
ؼæ㣬磬̫³çˣôԱôķأ
ԸԱҲҪˣסˣӿһůůۿҲͲסжỨȰعڿɲǸжʱƣȻˣǵĻᡣ
û˵ԼѪɽģʡħ֮ģʵˣǶʮΣֵطֻҲ˶ΣҲʲôˡ
ԼǿѪԱ࿹ΪۣƴǽˣȻʹİֱǲѪ⣬һЩͬѪڻɣ㲻֪Ҫʲôʱ򣬵ǽһԼѪ䣡
ϾԼѪֻӵԼСʶѣսһĻϾǿȥôǴʱĽĵĶأ
ǻᣬ˲ƹȥһףĳԭĽıɢˣϲܵѪâѪ𽥱䵭ѪΪҪʤʱ̣
ͻȻһʹһֻ˵ץס㣬ֱ꣡ӱ۶ˣ㵹һûͨסһֺֻȻһ¶Σ˺ѷεĿЦõõ
ı󣬴ӿڣƲϻָ
󾪣ĻؾָƣһΪزˣֹأұˣǸղţǧǰ㾪ȵô£
ƺ൱⣬Ȼ㶼Ҫˣһ׹ǧˣ廯СؾҹȻܽסḴͬʱҲʧȥԭΪܰؾˣôԭʧȥģһָǼ䣬ʵʵͨ
ĸЦ꣬ͻȻ˲ƶͷľ˦ͷȻܵÿ죬죬ǹɵУֱҲγһرĵƲˣ˱ɡ
һߣѪѾһ̲ѪȻˣɱءؿܲζԼֻ׸غ޲Լޱȵǿ󣬲Ҫ˱
һιιĵâӵȥᱻ׷ٵõ
ôСĵطӵȥĿЦ԰ҵĿռôãΪһְɡɫȻµֻӲһˡ


2265 Ѫ񸴻
ӭ㣬ܿı飬㼱æһʥ鵤ָƣͬʱһУ죬˸һ˲ͻӰ
һʱ޷ֱĸı𣡱ϾıҲϢ˼£޲ļýʧȥĿֻ꣬ܽշĹɨȴ㿪һ
ײ弱󵹷ɡ
ؽȥںס㣬ĳ̫ˣصΪߣֱӳװСɽ֮ϡѪɢȥķЦܸо⸱ԭ˵ϲãƺܴʮָˡ
ؽŵ֣ˮȻ£磬Բ𣬶ҡһöûУҪ㱣ңҺ㡣ﲻæĵҲᶪʧءҾһûùסص֣οعܹ𣿶ûáգ޵øˣֱ㻳ӵޡ
㰲οҪɱһˣҲҲСؾˣʵˣôء
ȻһЩǻǾúܶԲ㣬Σʱ治֪ôοص㳰ŪûãòƷƣǣغȻ˸û뵽ʱ򻹿ԼЦԼһȣǺİȥ̧ˡ
ɬҪԸ⣬ҶԸ磬ϾѾˡ
ε죬æֻ˵˵档ʲô˼أϾؽǳڱȶѣ䣬û뵽ȻĽʮ⡣
ǻǶʱٯٯĻζһһ߽ǵĲɣޣðɣҵȷģֻˡҪȪ·Щ˿ɡ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ƣҲźķˣ
ѾˣȻԼҲҪƴһ֪ػԼеķһһݣһɫķ׭ϣ˲ϢСؾĴ֮ڡ
ͬʱҲǽ˦ʮŷ׭һƬ׭һ´˵ϣǽҲò˶ٽŲһִ˵ϣֲò˶٣ȻýĶٻˣ˺ȴ
󼱣عʲô
زһͷֻǼ˵磬ֻΪȡһʱ䣬ҲҪΪ׸زκֻӳ֮һסһҹϵˡ
ķ˵ĿԼﰮּŭԲֱ緢ʶһɨ˵Ѫһ̲Ѫ
ٺ٣޴ɭ־ؾһһľҶܶϤõĴ˸ָɭ֮Ⱥ𣬳㡣
ƺزͷˣҲȥ׷Щʿ򲻹㣬Ҳ˼ֻ֣һһɨ飬һը죬ȥң޵ķˣһѪһڵءͬʱĳһźɫ׭׼
ƾҲ˺ңϵĴ֣һѪɫǷ׭ˣʹ޷ըȻľϾϣɣ
ؾˣѵԼҲﲻһʱᣡԼ׷ˣ
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ѪͻȻһˣһ㶣ô£Ѿ𣿡
㼱æιһʥ鵤ʲôڲ𣿡ۿ죬֪˵ʲôãҲ֪ˣοȻΣգٺúýѵ㣬㲻֪𣿼ǿĻȥ֪Ӯġ
ȻĻأоůģһֹĸоȻڴƣһϣʤϣ
ղιһ˵ҩ֣ϼɫ١غղѪѾôܻ
ҷͨѪ񸴻塣ãֻҪѪױѹƣܸ
عţǼ̳ڣǵͼڼ̳֮ϣΨһĻᡣʵ̫ǿˣѾʼںСؾռˣʱƣֻԽԽǿ׻ָϾΪǸʱӵĻᶼûˡ
ؽŵ˵ǽĲ߹ıСؾĿռһʶĺ󱳱ڣҲûһ֣ǿһ֣ʵѾϾˡ
ռʵܵƣһһʱֻƴֻ֮ҲﻹһϣɱҵģҲƴƴ֮ǲܴСؾʧͲ
ؽŵĵͷʵ磬ôġ
³嵽Ǹ̳Ҫõͼ򿪼̳㲻Ҫż򿪼̳ĳڣҺƴһһ˲Ŵ򿪼̳ڣ֪𣿡סŵأҪţһģһѪڣúϿġ
Сӣ˵ûУһ߽һ߻һ㵶âһǿһˡ
Ӵ֮óһŵҩҫ߲ʵɫԥ̷ȥͬʱҲһ쳣ֲĸ߶ȡƺĲף϶ʳĵҩæΪһѪʹҹ
ҩʱ쳣ܣ·Ҫըһ㣬ͻȻնſڴһһɫĹⲨֱӱĹⲨУѿһ޶
ڸоԼʹòľǿޱȵҲΪĹǿ˼֣ͨйоʮˬ졣
ղǺǰȫһֱӴɢ˽ĻһѪȻûʧǶѾƣˡûս֮һҲ԰ˣҪǱʿֻҶʣˡ˲ƣҲ˲ƣһһֱֵжӦءһ߸أ𣺡̳
ֻĺʶҪˣûһ˿ԥͼͨ뿪СؾĴ
Ҳս쳣ܵҩɢȥԼһʲô³ɺųŸղصķĴȥΪˣ߳ŭʱ򣬺ȻͷһŻѾõƮ˹ԭԴӷԼռʵӰ֮󣬾һֱϢףʱƣҲܷӵԭӦеƻԽΪĵĵشҫһԱļ⡣
䣡ؾһĢ
ʱ򣬺Ҳ˴뿪Сؾ


2266 
شʥɽһٲµɽ֮УϾɽĵطǿ߷ˣô᧿Σˣؼæ㣬ڸɽ֮пһʱĶ
ƲҪֻĵ̫࣬ҷʳ˾Ʒ񵤣ʹһ˲䱬ϾڵʵͬʱҲԵģԼʱ޷ʹ
Ҳ˲Լƣιʳ˵ҩſڻȴҩȷǰû˴ʵˣСؾԭأ˺٣ɽ˺Զһξ룬ƫƧָƵʱڵû
ʱתͣһԼϸձˣ㲢û˶ɥˣӳˣϻؾ֮ء죬ˡ
ؿһһãҲʮָˣ磬˵һ㶼ûܴӮǸҲԣҪкڣֻǻѹһؾڵıءȻصԴҪ˵ˣʱЩνıҪ
һۣСͷôǵĶѣֵҲ˵㲻Ҫض㻰ǡ˵ţ˵žͿļĵ˵磬ضиǷϣ粻ҪضΪԺûлˣԭһΰɡ
֪ǸʲôȻǶԼĽɲͷѿҪͷС
ҡҵʱСؾڣֻ밲ο㡣õӦƭأȻҶǺкøеģˣҲ㷢ͻȻӵסԼʱԼû˺ãȴǶԴ޿κΡ
زû뿪ļˮֱʵа𣿡Ȼ˳ԼĻĹңӵġ
ǿˮ㵶ףؾѹԼȻסĲӣӭ촽ȫû׼ȫϲػԼһǿǡ
ϼǴӺӯõȣһУɫһ
ǻ˵İʱԺģֱӱ˵Ҳ֪ȻزȻָʮ㣬ŵüæɿ֣ϰ;ͻȻץţѹ㣬׵ʹߺ磬ϲ࣬ɣضҲϲֻ࣬ضġ
ֱطظ֮ϣ㱻ջòУҩİѾ˼ӲķӦаϴܣ˵ĹС°ͣ޵ļ́ͷˡ
ͻȻ˶֮⣬ɭǻƻ裬ؾһһ󼤶һ˿֣̿ɬ˫Ħ֪᲻ۡΪϴһʼʱۣȻЩˡ
ǿԼѣ־Ϊ˱㣬ҲֵáͲסˣطƺԣķ㣬һ˫ůͷͦԲ̲סֳԡԵöͦˡ
컯֮£ͺڲݴ︲귭Ƶش˻ȵļӲŵס˫ۣġô󣬻᲻۰
㻵Цϴ㲻Թ𡣡
ңˡغɬıͷ
ΪҩԵʣѾսʤǣѹأһӽ壬ǽһЩֻӴʹ߱ȫһһεĽرŲ˵ԽԽҪԼصشˡҲͲסˣʱʹĽ˳
һߵס죬ҧͣضúߣĽҰģû˿
㡭㿴֪ҡҡŶţ
㶯ԽԽ죬շѹأƵ˵ͷһ˫׻ع֮䣬طԼѾ֮ˣȫʧȥʶһֻúԴԼİ۵ļһӡ
̫ˣɫػϢıѹԼϵ㣬о㣬ⱲһŮˣһֵֿҪĸоҲֻԼϵܸԼض
ʱѾҩ֮˻ԡ
س̾һҲ֪Լ֮ûпܵģϲԼǿûõģһʼûдһ𣬴ȡˣʹ뿪
ʱ򣬸о̬Щʹûг׻ָѾˡƵͷֹʲôʱҲˣǴⰡҺѾˣҪȻôٻأ
㷢һŸƺǵܵõıµġҲ˵Ҫ뿪ʥˡ
ֹգŵҩָõ߰˰ˣǵĽٻˣ֪᲻ΪԼԵʶܵѣ
㷵ʥãʧ˼Ƕʥ˵С£ֻصʧٲʥõ˽ͷö¡ʱͻȻˣȻ˶
÷ߵɽſڣ㣬Ľݷ㣬ȥôãôһ
ЦʲôȥôãҲ˵ʲôǳôˣҪӭأҪɱҰҷʲô¡ѵ˵ͬˣ
ɫΪûֱӻشԼ⣬ڳģߵһռˣҶʲôʲô׵أʵŮأ
㶪µһţعˣʲôû˵ðſգŭѣֻһŮƽضýͻȻ˵߾ߣ𣿻˵ҪΪ㣬ⲻǴ˵
ǲСӸĹɱȻɱġ
Ȼ䣬ֳһװŮƮȻõˣ֮λ޴ǣҪϵĻ;ϰɡ
㿴Ľٻвɵһůȴεٻ˼ǱϾҲ򲻹ء
Ľٻҡҡͷ˺˶Ҫ
ۿˣƺʲôʵǲãĽٻʮָ˹ԼĹϵӦȻǣδŵӡ
ðЦʵģԾ͵Чȣ㵹ǲУǶܲ˵ŮҲŹǵģ
ֹסҪãӦ֪İɣСؾֵطȥˣܳļʺС㿴ʲô˻еĵͼȻԭĵͼô᲻ϵأ
ŮСؾ
͵ĪĵĶԻ֪ݺҺͽĻɱʧֹҸ潭ĽСؾȻǱĽٳֽСؾ
ôʧɫæʵǣŮأ
дŸûġ㾲˵ţͬʱҲ䱸ܵˡ
ѣýߣһУȥѵͼ
룡ôýСؾȥѺϺͽĸȳأһһҵ֮ѵͼոɾͬʱסĽٻʥɽȥ
ߣΪûƾԼΪ¶ˣĽٻаС飬嫵ˮâѹ˶á
ʲôǿ󣿡ǿбҵ֮ɢƾѹԵΪ˺ѹƣ˷ɶݵӰӣԸʥɽټвõʿʥɽΧˡˡ


2267 ż
Ȼûдʥɽһӣ֪ûҪزãкܶҪȥԼֻҪعһʱƽ뿪˵֮Ҹصĵطٶһһߵȡ
Ľٻʥɽ߷ѩɽ֮ãǰɽҲľ֮أĿһžĶóϸҩģҪʵٻʲôҪĵҩ
Ҫפĵҩٺ١ĽٻĵתŴ飬ûˣԼĺ飬ֻԼİ˶Ըܡ
ĽٻʱһϮ£ɫᱡ˿䣬ȵĳȹĽٻ࣬Ҳ࿴ۡĽٻɬʵ㣬⼸²üѣôÿ𣿡
һۣԼҩأԼѰģܺãƯݿ˵˸θߣƾˡĽٻ޵ĻŭţݸһЦʲôʱȢң
ۣһѪˣƵȢбȻϵ𣿡
ôûУŮʿ˵Ư׼ˣǰҺһ壬ȴǸĸŵģҪǲƯÿͲȢѽĽٻޱ˵
ٻͱ˵µڶ˾Բ˵µһһòúöķأҡĽٻһƣԽԽദˣֵڲ㷭Ĺ˵һЩϣһǧֲãҪ˵ĻȥܶȽϺá
Ŷһû˵ȥͷĽٻĿ⣬پʲôıˡ
ˣһġ
ĽٻһϵӣҧгݣȻԳΪأ㾹Ȼϵ
Ȼ֮⴫һƿ֮ʮϤǸƳգһõ˷˰ɣ֪ЩʿΪôأ
ƾϢоַܿˣĽٻ㵹СһѲݴ֮СԶԶľͿһһŮеӢŮզһΪ˼ء˵ˡ
ЦϾھʵúȻôƫƧĵطĻᣬûȤҡҡͷȻȥ˵ˣʡ÷׷ĽٻȫԦ飬ûǺ״Լ˵ģϾϾĲ໹Ǻܴġ
ǵȻ᲻ô̫죬ҲᡣתҪߣе˵ʦãǡˣҿǻ˺ܴõܵġ
ܣӶʱͣסˣ˭ϲأйѨǾ͸ˡ
ǸŮ޺ߵʥɽôѽʦºòãҾλð
ʦʮ־н˵ʦ㲻Ҫżǰƺԣ˵ܳû֪û˸õ֮ǰɴӦҵ飬ҪΪҵŮˡ
ۣûסҪЦԭǸɫŮȻ˵Ĺ֮£̫ˣȵЩͷˣҪ֪ʲôʲôôԵͷߣʲôҩɱǻҪǰȥġ
ʦ˵ȷǴ˵˶ڣ
ƤһˣİɣɹʮһѵĴڰʲô˵ż֮ģʦñ˸ƭˣ̾һڵĹңǼڳɹлɳˣȻŮҪٶҪȥ
ûƭ㡣㿴ҳ׷ɱĽٻʱ͵ġʦּˣµˣæóһⲼϰŵˮʯͷӨ͸ɢϢϢİôӣϸ΢ȴӴ󣬴֮
֪ʱĽٻҲȻ˳˵ĵ֮ҵĺһϢšЩŹְǲʧ֪Ǹء
¸ˣߵﶼҲԼŪһѱкܶҩɲݣûҪǴ˵еԶšһ߻ŵȻº˵˶ľλãȻԼĽٻûС
ԶԶĿţһ£ǹʦÿŴִɣĿ飬ʦӵĽлôʦ㲻Ҫ㲻·ô
ԭİһʯͷſڲݴ֮ڣҲǿѪţǹʦôһɫյϸСһ¶ھɵǺͺɫĶǶ˵ҲǼ˵ģɫȻȻûĽٻǰۼɧһζܹʿĵģϾ
ߣ˸Ľٻæס۾ֹֻܿҵġ
ĽٻߺġͷĽٻȷÿܶ࣬˹ɫ־šĽٻŵüæȻˣǰҪȢҡ
Ƶۣٻ˵ֻܿô
ǲԸȢ㣡˵ҪȢҵģĽٻŨŨĵ㡣ֻԶǸߵ˶࣬ĽٻԷ䱣غ¶ߵסˡ
˵ԼĪһӣˣĽٻߵŮҺ㲻ˡ
ǸᣬԼαҩط˲岻ĹϵǲҲеĹŮˣ
˺ܿͰķǶϣʦϲƺһ֮쳣ܣ֮һĵطȥ
ĽٻֵǱ߲Ǹɽϵıˮ̶ѵʲôŹ֣
˭֪ȥĽٻèŽţϢһһڣ˵صס
̶Եʦָź̶˵ֻҪžʯ뺮̶֮ڣܴ򿪽뺮̶ڣֻ˵Сż֮ʲô˲õĶˣһֱҽ롣
һƺԣһ֪ءʦζ̸ʦãҲҵˣһ룬Ҳܱȫ
ǹһЦʲôˣǺҳлһ㻹ʸҵˣ
¶ɱͻȻԼķѾվ߲ʦָնأʦֵҲ֪Լôġ
ǿ龧ӨˮʯЦ޴Ϊżһô
㼱æˮʯ˱ˮ̶ȴǷ־Ȼ޷Ӧ̶ˮŨˮ뺮̶ȷзӦǽǹâѣ
ţüͷô£ѵҪʲô𣿡Щôżİʦָɱˣŭʬ壬ûõĶ
㿴ˮĺ̶֪ҪżҪһЩضĶƾʯǲɵģҲΪԵҲֻǿżѡ
ٻˣطת뵽żأ
ֲˣô֪ʲôأ̶ֻ϶йŹ֣㿴ˮʯ֮оˮҺҲ仯ˣһоҵĺЩưѵҪ
ΪȻȻΪ˵żô׽ģǺһ壬Ҳӵһǿ󷨱˵żӵˮʯΪԿףôҪ˵ǿǶɹʮһѵʿҿǷ˰ɡ
㣬ҿһԣȥŮĸܣúһԡĽٻ㲻зǷ֮룬ܵĹƻ󡣡
ǸƣԼ𣿲ȻѾ˼ƻ߳ȥ


2268 ϸ
ԶʣͻȻһͷ㻹ûüȣͻȻһ󽣷ƿգķӦ죬תһҵ𣬶һǳɡײʲôͻȻըѣһõ̻
һŮ˷Ӧ쳣찡Լúڵһ͵ϮȻʧˡ㱾Ʒģû뵽͵Ϯʧˡ
ʲôˣ㣡һϳ㣬׷ɱôû뵽ȻôƫƧĵطɺϷǳ
㲻ӣƫƫ㲻мЦЦ㲻ΪһĻϾʿɣ治˼أҿǿǷ˵ԵףҸһĻϾʿͬ
ˣȴ̫ȣԭǵзԵװ㷴ʵǰһӣܶ˽򲨺ѰżҲЩ˸ɵģ
ȻˣǷ˾ʹߣֹһͼɶսĴڡЩճܵˣҲᱻһһɱֹƺŵֻϧ򲨺Ѱżȴʧˡ
ʲô񣿡
֪Ѱżķܴȷżλáشһͨ㣺һشô࣬ǲҲӦûشҼأڱȻһľء
ơ
Խ㣬úżڵĽٻʵǲǺĴߣȻôӵк飿缸ڲɽſڣҿʱһ
Ǵ򲨺ģѾһƬˣں˺񴫳кһ˸񡣡
治ɣǷ˾ҪɱЩĴڣ
Ȼüͷ壬ʶĺһǺͻȻԼءں£Ȼͱˮ̶֮еˮʯ˹Һ̶γһУһƬƺǴڣ
ţ½ˣһУʮѷɵȻǼƷƿմǷ
ٺ٣Ǳϸûһ㱣Ķôأʮѷɵͷҿֵܵ٣һŤƨһߵɵȽ
ʮѷɵŻ߹켣ʮѼƷƵˣȻжԷҪֶΣû֣Ȼ޻֮Ūö̫󣬰ʥɽѰԼǿɾˡ
ŵŵţʣǱˮ̶ˣĽٻҪջغ飬ŵ㣬ټһҺܿͺá
ʣмܵأǼƷɵһκݹһΣһһֽʽѹȵǰԷչĵͷҲֵܵԽΣĵȴԽƽˮΪܿ͸ôԷƾֻʮѼƷɵѣ
ն
֮䣬ʹбȽϺķһУڱ轣걻նʧֻеĽȴǵˮմĹ˷಻ɱֻܹסȫҪͼ䡣
ӰڣӰƾǿĽ⣬᲻ƵʮѼƷնһһ˵ĳ㵲ˡ
䣬ʮѷɵĴĺ㽥ĸо˶ԷɱĽˣɱڣƺÿһײľܹоǸɱ¾ִҵһеɱĿֲ־
ﲻ̾Ǹɱ¾ӵʮѼƷɵ
㲢ûоɱֻûôŨɱŮޡѵˣҲûǰ׺ݣʵټΪѾɱ
ַ˸еһЩƺΪɱڣƺɱڻڷɵ֮Уδܷӳ˿ֲķɵȻҪɱԦ
꣡ڵվסһأվһʯ֮ϣѪ죬·ƣҲǱ𵴳˿ڣļϣһìڣ뼡¶ɭɭ׹ǣѪȾ˰壬о쳣ܡҪλ㻹һս֮
վǰ棬սһѷɽɣʮѷɵת·Ʈֹҵ֮ʼˡ΢΢һѾӵɱԼˣܲ׾ˡ
ڹٴƿطɵʱ̼ͬʱһĨһۣһѪһ̨ס
ҲͻȻоԼҵۣ֮
ɱңⲻܣӵʮѼƷһǵɱ¾˫Ѫɫͨ죬˸ɱⰻȻĳ˹
໣ʮѼƷƷ׵ķɵͺ½ײеӶʮѼƷһ٣ܵ˺Ҳܵ˺
΢һΣȴù˻ᣡ˵ͬʱеķɽȴѸ͵ĳ˹ֱȡͷ
һƷ㿴ĶЩۺˣеķ֮ࡣΪղŵ΢һ٣ʹ޷κܣֻӲˣͬ磬ͬƷ׵ļƷ
أֱӲӲ֮£ĺ󾢸㣬ֱӰѹķɽײɣ˸һ׺£ȴǴǷɽֱѹ˵ϣһĨһѪѪǿ
һѼƷӲӲȴױʤһѷɽֱӶˡ
һҪջʮѷɵǴʱȴǷղһͷɫצεĿס
Σŵɱ⣬죬âɢһƬղʮѷɵѵҵ֮ϱǣ֪һٶ㲻ˣæҪӡ
ͻȻ㶯ˣ˸һƬƬɫɢ˹ͼ赲㣬ٺЦûзˣʮѼƷ˦ȥ㻹ݳޣһˣзÿһ˦һٵâշΣһһĽâǿȻСȴâһ˲һ㡣
Ե棬㲻һʼһ֣ʧȥĿ꣬һֱƣʧȥȻˣʯϣŰеĽâƻûȥѹ壬һ£ɱ⣬ݺݵĲ빫֮ڡ
ɲ֮䣬ͣסˣɢһ㣬һʧˡ
ƫƫʱһݹʶһɨһĪģϾ֣ûǷߵ״
ߺߣӵû湻ƫƧģԶԶľ㣬ֻҪһ˲䣬ܵ
һ˲䣬ͻȻĽٻĶŵæڴһϵˮʯȻûˡ첢ûдզôˣ
ӣҪܣһըװʲôżĴڣԼõżѾʮˣһֱ޷룬ôܽأþ֮ޱȵ𾪺͸ˡ
㼱æͷȴǿĽٻŸոȡغ飬ҲżĴڣͬʱ˦һ˿ס
һƣֱõ
໣һ󾳽磬ϾǿǻϾֿܵģֱܵɣһѪȥҲڡȷʵ΢ͣһ˲ɾһ˲Źˣ
÷ŭΧɽʯߣҾȣҿʲôʱ


2269 
ţһûô૵˾䣬ʱͷ״൱ĲʮֽӲ᲻һ˿ͷǶһͺҪѿһ㡣ҺԼ֮ϣĽٻſԼ˯
ƺǸӰֿ˿ңԼȻһŴϣֱ档
Ȼðʶ֮ڣ»Կ̫ˣ£ǸСѾͷÿڵ
ѹ˯ôˬ滳ǰÿ춼ǳԱ˯˯˳ԣһԳһ䣬ʵûд󰭰ɣ
кûӰ죬Ҳõ߰˰ˡ
ʵٻÿʲô
ʲôϴ𣿡ǺһЦ
ϴӣƾֻ·ѣѽһûϴ裬һûԹأ˰Ҫȴô
˵ȻˣڿأÿŪˮϴӡϱֵĲ
һ亹źĻתƻ⣺ʲôżͷϴ㻹ʶء
ʱûиоκԶ˵Ϣ˺ȥһЩط˵ɡ
ӦһҲֻȰˡ
ִȤôһˣޣԣһ٣Ů˾ǻ¡һһҲáۣһ͸԰Ϣ
ʱĽٻףںڵ㷢֮ͭзֱĿԼʱЩ˼ϲʵˣ㿴ʲô
˵ûаһԵʱ򾭳˸Σεء
ģεʲôĽٻϲ֣εԼȻָˡ
μһԵӣÿҲϴ塣
Ľٻءһ¾ͺˣžһ´ϣ꣬åߡ˵ɿˡһЦ⡣
ĽٻߺȴǶ˼Ͼҵδ򰡣ΪʲôҪߣҳˣ˲ܶϴҲ
֮գҲɿĺתȬ֮л߳ȥˣԭﾹȻһСؾɽɽźӣߵﶼһĽٻ˺ܾãòͣôֹȥɲǰ취
ȻСؾ̫ھ޴ˣԶǰıϾСؾɱȡ
㲻һӽżһ龧ӨˮʯҲǴżڱر֮óĦĽٻҲú棬ʵˮʯйϵ𣿡
ûйϵҲˣûôʱϹģѾһˡɲʱġ
óˮʯƴӦһûʲôӰ죬йİˮʯһף̾ûô뿪֪ˡ
ֻ벻·ˣӨˮ֮˱仯Ľٻŵˣֻˮʯâҫһı߳գˮʯѿγһһĽݣ׸߿յʱ򣬾һ㣬һڣ
㿴ĿɿڴҲУû뵽ܾԼ߰˵ĴЦ̤Ьٴȫѹ򡣡
˶һ۶ʮ־ϸ˳ݼȥڶ˿һΰɵľʯ֮ţšʡĸ֡ĽٻʮСģĽٻסֱۣһƬţܸоΣðƵġ
㰲οĽٻС֣С˺ܾãȴûʲôΣգҲŵÿˡ
ʱ˿ִ̣ȷжɹʮνѵĴڣЩ˴˵Ȼģв٣Щ棬Щɹʮһѵôܵأ
ǸӣʲôʡžߵһؾЩżֻʲôأܼʶǲͬ
Ƕǰż˰ÿһ鶼һ飬Ȼ봢֮УҲЩĹڵˮƽȫҪȥʵڲЩŸɺܶ¡
ȫ㷢Ľٻҩƿһ͸˵㣬Ҹ㷭ЩҩأСʵϾǿʹã㲻ʹãպҲŻ˻ˡ
һůĽٻеҩݹʲôΪԼ
ȴûκηڣȴΪʧģȻս˹ʮѼƷƷ׵ķɵҪǿķʥ飡
˵ڶ鵤ҩȻǸ֣ɨ㷢Ȼǵ֮ڵһһԭʯ㿴һһļƷԭʯ̾ѡ
Ľٻֵʵ㣬ʯͷʲôرģ
͵Ͳ֪ˣⲢͨʯͷ߶۶ɵļƷԭʯȴǴ档
Ǳ޲ðۡߣոհѼƷԭʯߣȴķʯͷ澹Ȼа


2270 ͻƱϾ
Ľٻ˵ֵ㣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ⻹㷢һء
ҲһǷ̾ãôܰѺĴȢؼأĽٻһߵĹӣȴϲ̵ġöԶԶ˰񣬷ûص߹ȥŵҲһƤᡣ
ƺһɽˮͼĽٻָͼϵһʯ壬ĺͨҲǷ⵽ʲô
Ҳǰ˼⣬ȻصĶȻ򵥣ûʲôر𣬾ʱ봢֮ڡ
˴˸֮ۡȴǷһ⣬Ҫô뿪أ
㵹żˣϸ߿գȴҲһͷûУϼƱȻʲôͨطڲŶԣֻǱ˵ĵطô⿪ŵͨأ
Ľٻûа취ֻʱסȻôһһѰ뿪ķٻȥﶼûϵֻҪھͺˡ
ЦЦĸĽٻԴɬӵ㻳ĵ˵һ뿪ĸԸҵֻҪ㡣
εҡҡͷҲֻˣɽˮ㣬Ҳ൱ĳֻ㵣İ᲻סԼܾðҪԼɾˣѲҪﴴһ壿ƺܳ
һɽۣ֮ѼƷԭʯԼĴҲʹǱڳ˯˳ư˳æʵ֪ʲô뿪𣿡
뿪Ȼ֪ˣҿԶֿռԸңֻҪһָΪĻһӾͺ俪ˡ
ۣߵϻҪǻظΪҲһӺ俪ռ䡣ţ˼ֻ⼫Ʒԭʯһָ̫ľ硣
ǺǣֺηܳȥΪܶԸǸϾʿôѵȻ֮ţ˵ż׷ġ
ú˵ĵеҲвٵҩԼԭպģ㹻Լһӣû׼ָΪҲҵ뿪ķ
˫ϥڼƷԭʯ֮ϣоûðյķգһգϴСؾ״ȻǶˣ澭գҲһĸı䣬ıøᣬָǿĻ
ʱƣ⼫ƷԭʯѾС˺ܶ࣬󲿷ֵյ
صĶ֮Уû㣬ȫҪʹ÷󷨣ֻҪͣƨµļƷԭʯͻʱҪ
Ȼ㿴ԼΧγһͼʱתԼУ·һǳȻͼֵͬʱ㷢ԼΪϵӿͻָΧγ·ܻͼ
ͬʱ㷢һɺ嫵֮ĽٻɢÿԼĽٻͻԼƺЩŨĽٻҲǴб棬Ľٻ֮ʶҵ֮˵ûõġ
ԽĽٻİԽǶ࣬ĽٻҲ֮ᷴ㣬ʹϢƳ͡
ҪҪǿҪֻǺ綼ûȫУĽٻҲ֪߶Զ
ȻۡһһĽлѵˣ
ļУæʶһɨûбڣֻкһһ¥֮ϼ໡͸Ӿ޴ˣʮ׵ĸ¥ûһ
βһ˦ԲһͥԺ˲䱻ĳңһȣ»ҳ׷ɡ໡һУ徹Ȼһ۴±÷ӿ⣬һ˫ҲǾĶͷ
㿴óʮֽ꣬ȷʵ֪Ϊʲô
ȻͷһҵƣҪɽٰѵ˰Ҳ⣬ԶԶĿ;޴ĺ
͵ģͷһףϰɫٶȵޱȵĿ죬۾ȴ׷ϣͷҲ̧ȻҲᣬһ״˺ϣһ׻㿴һľֺûŷ
ʮĵ٣Ҳô׽ӵģǰףõ˺ȴǲˡ
ģ㿴ۼ׽ǹâ̫ǿң̵㶼ܸоƣɢѹȻҲԼò
໣һպȻʮϺɫףһľԸˣȻûе˼
ֻ󣬽׸ӿֲˣѾָСֱֱ۴֣ƻҲǴʮǽ׻𻨴ڵϣҿһʮ׵ľ޿ӣ
ϵ㣬㶼סˡʱƣ׸ˣڶףһιʮȴֵĽףֱӰѺ£һѾʮ˵ˣƺЩֲסĽ׵жֲ½װѺûˡ
Ϊ˶Կ٣ƻڲϵǣʼնûùҧŵǿźɫӡ
Ҳڼþ޴󣬿˵㶼֪ɳж޴ˡںУҲһͷϴСѡ
¡һը죬·һ㣬ͻȻʮȴֵϰ׽׺Уո̧ԴȻֳȥȻûǿķ޷ֵǿĽף
㿴һۣһ·ֻĿɽ٣һ죬һεĽ׸ӿֲˣһ˰ִƸͣȻһĹ޺ʵʵҵ֮
໣ıڵ֮ϣһ𳹵ûˣ֮ϵĽɫĹۣȴҪɢȥļ󣬺ǿȴҲܲסĽԽԽ찡һҧ˲ƶĲԡ
æҡͷ˼ǽϽ뿪ΣաѿСĹ𸮡ļƷԭʯͷ˳ְѴҩɲһóְѴżõ鵤ҩҲһó
ݵ˵Ȼָ㵲סİɣûµġϾ㵱ʣ꣬ںϣҰֵףʲô
ռʮѼƷɵһʮѼƷȻ˳̿γһǽһ׻Ħ˽ܲգض֮Уû޻ǵԵȥյĲʽʹ󷨵½
ʮѷɵֱΧźǬ޹𹬡й㹬빬ҹһԼš
ڿЩҩɲݻָƣԼʵ̫ˣ˿϶еҩ涼һ㲻ʣóŰԼϷ׼ΪԼȡʱ㣬һм
ẓ̌ɫٴδһһִĽףĿ£ŹλľŰѼƷһ㽣УŰѶšһߣֱӵĳ˽ףˣƵ죬׷·˹֮ϣûд͸ֱӾɢˣ׵ನڴ֮ϣγһ
һףؿֻʮƣûüһ˴ִĽ׺Ȼ䣡䣡䣡һѸһ𽥿סˣֱѪˤں֮ϡ
ΪԼ޷ټȥʱ򣬱ͻȻһϢ︴գܿǵǳǳˮɫϵ˲ָ
Ҳ÷õҩˣֱӰͦڷ
䣬ܿʮͬʱܵĴˣҧصʮף쳣ͣΪʲôǿźɫӣ
ΪҪȣͷųڿһ˵㻤£ۿҪȻſͣɫƯֱӴ˺
񱩵ĴУֱӰѽ׸ˡ㶼ܿĶڴˡ׶ˣ̫˰ɣ
Ȼ֣ΪԼͺһͬ壬ȻһԼ֮ڣ֮һ૵ҵϽף
㾪ȵúϲ£죬Լ޶˶˵ľ͵õ˽׵ˣҲԼһ׵ķΧ֮ڡһ̧֣һĵâǿĽףգۼ䱬ǰİٱһûãͺ΢һְ̧㣬һɽͷˣǺεܣ
ȫȥˣſͳԣĽٻͷų֮ʹôʹ࣬ȴȥױ֮Ҳ𽥱
ʮĵͳͳ¶ȥˡڣһ׶ɢȥʱήңûκεĵٵֶΣϲ£ƾĽٻ֮յĶɹһ١
˷ܵĳХһ漴˳˯Ӵһ㻹ܸоϢƺҪѵĽס
ĽٻĬĬػںԣҲûˣһһػεʱЩķ˴ĹһǱľޣĽٻҲĬĬо֮С


2271 ǿ
ȻۣѾˣ˶Դȿ˿㣬û£˵С֮ͣ
Ҳоõѣʮָˣȴʵʵǿˣ뿪ķ
У飬ϾΪҲϾɲһķһͲ˵վ˶һǣܳȥˣûڵţͬΪϾҲ¡
Ľٻ߽ʵ㣬Сû𣿡
ţҲ뿪ɣҲˡͷֵҪ飬˵ϾΪͻƿռ䡣
ĽٻֵҵټһûͻƱϾȴǲܵˣʹãҵΪѾָ˱Ͼ𣿡
ҵ顭ҪǸܼͨԦģȫȫ㣬ȴ֪ǲǣĽٻߵ˵㲻ʹò𣿡
ڨЦƣܼǷ㣿ҵҪһԣ
ĽٻһУϣһĳУ·ܸоĽٻŨŨ⣬ȻҲѾ϶һĸԼĹ鲢ûɢȥâʡ
Ľٻԭʮֵ޷ʹ飬˵ûԼڿ׵ıһ͵͵ɵЦ
һ֣Ľٻָ˵ҲܸܵõƺǷô򵥰
ȫ֮£תܻһˮɫĴĽٻֱ֣˽ȥ
ţһâȥ㿴Ǹˮ̶𣬾ȻֻصˡͻȻоһɱúȻӱ˳ŭڳô
һţƾͰøˡ
ôһôҲǱϾˣⲻܣŰ࣡˿Ϊ⣬һУ֣Ц㻹ǲģ˰ж࣬ȻˣҾͳȫɡ
֪϶żõԭԼֽȴǱСӵõˣô̵£Լڴ󴸣Ʒ
һӣʮѼƷɽͬʱ˦˳õɴӣ૵ô£ôܣǼƷÿЩ̬һķɵšһֱӴ˹
أзһ죬ɽöˣΧѰʿŵĵѣ׷룬е޸ǲҰͣ
屬޾ҵ֮ɢʱգڵһ㣬һղһļƷ̫ˣҪԼĿܻ
Сӷ̫ˣУҪâϾżõڶ౦ҲǾḻ΢һ֪ȣǰҪͷߣȴ׷ÿˡ
ûҪߣȴȻֿռЩԾռ˿ֲͺռһøӲռڵȴ硣
ŷֶԷ˰иıɽˣ
ƴˣһģһһֱչ¶ǰ߲ͬʱһŵҩһ׭
õķӲӲ൱˵õΪԸһͻȻ㱳ǰɷɵһ˹ͷųʵʵ赲ǼƷȴֻܵ߰ѷɵѳ˹ȥֱͻõķߡ
ۣҺ߲ȴûб壬ⲻˡ㰵·򵥰ҲǼƷͬʱĳѾ൱˲ˡ
һŨҵ֮ȥȴ˿Ӱ죬ѾǱϾˣһͬȻҲӵбϾҵ֮Ӱ죡
Ҳһʱۻûʹҵ֮ҲûɢŻôġҵ֮һƮ
ӻɢΧ㲢ûóѣֱ˴ӣһڵĴͻȻը
û뵽˹ϣƷ˵ҪͲҪ̼һͷɫƶϡ
㻹һͷɫ
øоѵԤˣҵ֮ϵ𣿿ôأ𣿵ǻȥռ䶼Ҫˣ
ҡ֪ټȥҲǰ״ϮˣҲֻˡ
һͱеҧŵĺɫסһĻʵĴʧ
ʵɱõģôص׵ظԼҲЩϵֿ죬Ҳ˵ʲôˡߣҲ֮󣬻׷ɱ
ĽٻҲǳһһռ䲻һϾǿӵҲͦѵġʰ˲о֣ʶɨΧûһʿڣƺϾƸˣɽΧѾΪƽˣʱ㣬Ͷ㶼ǻأ߰ɡ
Ľٻͷȥ˵ܶеͼʥҵġ
ùͼһм侹ȻʮðҲ֪Ҫ϶·Ҫȥġ
˴·ȴ֮ӵðһǽ
ԭǽıӰϾؾ֮УȻˣǶӵļ䣬֮дûްȫȥƾԼؾջָȫΪ
ڽĳ̴֮㣬Ľٻˣõٱÿˣķһˮ̶ʶ϶бйŹ֣Ҳһֱš
û뵽˰ͷĶ򣬱ø㶷һ֮ϳ͵ϮñĽٻɻɱɫȻ㼫Ʒ࣬ͬʱҲѾǿˣԼԭŵҲѾûˣ
һҪɱЩѡҲ˵ͽһⲽһ˼֪ģɱҵܾҪҷҶڰǸϵЩɱ׶ˡٺ١
ҿˣҪȥܶ棬ӲģҪѪ˵꣬ͻȻըһѪȻɶߣ뿪ʥɽ
֪ЩĽٻһȥΪ˵ͽһ·ȴûʲô˸ҳأֻĽٻΪò̫ڳΧۡƵòЩͨĴ鲼
ˣΪΧ߳Ⱥӣ϶ϲߣɱ֮ˣ˼Ҽ㲻ɱǣȴԶԶĿţĽٻʮֲΨס
µʮˣиôõδޣȴǲͰ߶գĳǣĳǾҪˡȥĳǲãûǵ¡
Ľٻ͵͵Ŷһ֪ҪҵŮӣͬΪŮӵȻЩʼɣ˵ŮϰߣԼĽ㣬Լܷ̤ҵĴţǵͷ
ϣǶɡĽٻ鼫䷢ӣž޲Ѿļˡ


2272 ʥ
ĳ֮ܶ˷׷һʥ飡ʥ鲢ʵڵһҲԭΪԼʥɽܿʥ飬һֱûлʶõ
㲻Щˣʥأ΢һ֪ĳǵ˲һλ֣һʥ鷨
㼱æĽٻȥˣĳǲòûһЩ޹ҪʿۿĳǲõλЩãڴ룬вʿǸҲܿõΪͽȴû裬ȴѾûʲôռˡ
ʲôû˶𣿡
˭ң𣿡
ôţԩүȥٲøһܡ
һһ˵ùȥһ¡
֮һһƬЩŵ˻ᣬһ㱳ŵĽٻ˲䶼ˡеĻóλá
ɵļǰţڲõĹ㳡֮Уһ쳣޴Ķ׸ߣ״Щ«Ķţð
ƺĴʦûءĽٻŬС죬ԱһͽȴڣݹԼ׼ľӵ̫Щˣʦܿ͵ˣ˭֪ˣ
ĽٻԭģڣԼǷˣһ㼱æȳЩ壬ֵĪ֣ġ
ޣԭǴ磬СպأһֺãȻǲˣһƨ£Ľٻ˵ŬŬ죬˵Լùϵ
ˡʱֻ˽һڲõķԣ߳һȺˣмһŮӸһʿÿһǻϾڵΪ
㿴˵ʱȲѣмǸŮӣľûȻ˺ܶ࣬һĽٻ䲻ֻͬǶԲϤѣĽٻǳ֮⣬˭һ
㷢Ĺװ֮ϲû˵˻ԣ˵ˣģ
ʮֲ⣬ǱģΪһıأĽٻüͷߵô˼ˣĿġ
ۣ⻰˭ģ
꣬𳳣žͺˡָǸ¯ɾָŵʱͻȻǸӳһҵ֮ǿϾǿߣ澹Ȼˣ
㿴ĿɿڴͿһ˺ۣ¯˴˳˫εʹֻʮ׵ķΧߣȷʵ޷Զ
ֻӷŭ˵αӣҸǲ죬Ҫң룡Ҳǵóѵġ
˵꣬ڵʿ׷׼Լķд󲿷ֶǵһֳ֮£ֱ¯֮ϡҪƺǲܵġ
ֱ֮¯֮ڡ
ĽٻһۣǶ֪ʥйϵδ̫˰ɣüͷôһ˶˽¯֮ڣҪжĳأ
㿴ľصı飬֪ľδԸģǱƵġ
ಡϾڵǿڿտĹ㳡֮УĳǲõҲ˳
ѽѽǵĳʥ㰲׵ˡӭƣǵ¥̡
ԭ˾Ȼ˷õصΪ˱εӰġ˸¥ʵ˵ʥõˣжţ
˵ˣһǰ£Ҳ֪˭ءһϧı飺ĳʥ飬ҲһֱʱҲ˼ֵܵİĳʤм
ֵܣαؿǸŮʲôͷȻʥ鷨ƺ˵ɣɻʡ
ٺټЦֵܾ֪ˣαˣߵĺᡣӵһʥ鷨ôأЩַˡ
ԭˣôһ˻أ󣬻һֻһְɡ
ǺһЦ֪ҲǰǰģҼ񵽱ˣһҪЮŴӦһʥ飬ºҪȥĳҲܲˣλϸҪ
׷ᣬÿʿֻӵһʥ鷨ӵʥ鷨ȷҪľˣλȴǶûʥ鷨˾ˡ
˷׷׹ЦлԼ˺ôҲֵܼ
ȻĳûƳֵܼæֻѣ˭ץľǾ۵ˡ
᳡֮ϣľͷųһҵ֮𣬲ϵȼ¯ͬʱÿһʱľһµĵ¯֮ڣʱƣ¯ʼˣҲϵĴĲҽȻ¯֮ڵ˷ĲҽС
ĽٻŶüͷȥղ·Ǽҿջ㣬ҿȥˡ
ĬĬĵͷĽٻܲô̵⣬ľͬҲˣΪȴأǰĳǲõʥ鷨ֱǵ߸е
ʲôɣأΪľҽڡ
¯¯֮󣬵زѾͨ죬ҵ֮ʮرյرȴǸоһ˿¶ȣʱҲӸ¥ǻһ飬˴ģǹģҲΪ˶Ըҡ
¯ڵˣĳˣҲʥ鷨Ĳ֮һĳ˿ɲ٣ϾǿߣΪľһʧ
һܣԼĳûгһߣСļһﻹҶǵϴһΪ꣬ȻҾƶɵʥ鷨ʰǣߺߡ
һ̧¯ĸӷ˳Ȼһɫ޻Ʈ˳ǰһĴգ˵Լӿ֮ڣ
ߺ϶ΪһȫһƬžȻ֪ʥƷʽۿ˾̾
ߣһƺߣ忪ʼѣѪ֮߳һԼ
һҽ֮еҵ֮ˣΪڣѵȴǱתƵǸ߳ġˡ֮ϣޱ飬־
һһӣǸˡֱ¯֮УͬʱԼļƷһѻ䵶
ľӹ䵶¯֮УһһĴ¯֮УٶȲϼӿ죬ĺܶ˸Ȼ֣ľΪҲѾ˱ϾˣԣӦǻָ
ľָΪİ취ƾı˪ȨȣľҲûа
ľ̫ˣʱҲֻܸɿţ¥ϻϾǿߣ˫ȭѵ֣Ȼˡ
ʱһһεĹȥͭɫ¯ͨ죬ͬʱľó׼ʥˮ¯֮ڣһֱڣľŴȦ׷Ҳһ
ľĿһۣʵֵʱͷ㡣
ķֻҪʱܱʥ鷨ľ˵ԼСˡ
΢ЦĵͷҪȵվûг֣ǲɢۿͽ˵ľﲻż͵ʥ鷨ûأҲй׵ˣԺ˵׼һء
ܣľĻؾǸˣϾҪûԼı˪Ȩȡ
ֻ볡ʱߵرȴ͵˵ĶԻɫʱľ鷳ﲻС֪ٻ᲻Դأ
߳ĳǲã첽ĽٻԼʿջȥֻǵ˿ջõĵСȴ˵ûôһ˹ʱüͷôܣ


2273 ˵׷ɱ
ûڽӴʿĿջҵĽٻȻʮżĵѰֻ󲿷ֶȽĮϾ˽ͺױѵӰ죬˻ɱ¾ìܣĮõԱʽ
˺ܾöûҵòͷųʶĳǣͬʱҲܶĹע˹ȻͷųʶдΧ˿϶µʲôŹ֡
ܿĳⷢ˶ߣƺд򶷣ЩңâҫӿƺûĽٻӰӣҲ˲ôˣæ˳ȥ˲ŷֲĽٻһһŮƺãлϾڵΪ׷ɱǵ˶ǻϾڣѹԵʵ
ϻ˻ӡ㻹ͬһ֯ģҰ⣬˵ɱˣҪǵӻسڣٲá
˵ʿ˿㣬ԼˣҲûϣҲԸ£ߣȴе˵ãɽӲãľ˷ҪɱǣֻľҲܰȫ뿪һߣȥүү
磬һߡŮĿ޵滨꣬ʮֲԸ
ûõģѵҵ֮Ѿﵽ˼£һӲģһжˡľжǲ壬ҵүүһҪ취ȳľ㡣սˡ
Ͼڵĸ˵ߣǶ߲ˣץץˣǶ
ֻ˻û˵̸꣬оԾˣҵ֮ɢȥͬʱ㣬ʵǰͬΪͽΪΣ
Ҳ쳣ˣͷҪߣȴ˵ȥ˵ҵ֮һȥˣ㻹򲻹
˵ɫ䣬ԱϾĴڣһУеֿĿܣΨһֿܵķʽǽӴһɲ룡
ǿˣ
ͬΪͽ㲻±ͽ׷ɱ𣿡
㵭˵˼Ҳ¡
Ȼ̻ͷɢȥѵͽնɱ޹ֵƣɣлǰһݡ
ðݹ֮æʵǰΪҪǣƺʶƻΪ̰ͼԼɫأʶ˻Щ
Ϊʶǿ˵ľ㣬֮һôȥءأߵ˸ǰЦЩҪԸǵĻ練ƣҿǱϾΪ
ɼǰսƷ
Ҳûпҵ֮ݸˣǵҵ֮ɡ
лǰҲûƴǣϾлʵɰײɰ㻹ͬһߵء
Ƶǰʲôƻľ㻹ûֻ±סˡ
ʥ鷨ֻôܴ󣬶˵ܶ顣ҵһŮӣģĸģȱ䡣м𣿡
ҡҡͷɾпλǲǻϾڵΪŴأΪ̫ˣҶأ´أҲһ۾סһȺ׷ţȥˡҲ˵ͽ׷Ҳ˵ͽ
ͷȥټˣľʱûΣգҲ
˵գҲ˻ػֱŶӷɳ۶ȥĳǲõһЩĻ˶ĽٻɫŻҸץĽٻ
еСֵʱ򣬲ûսȴǷһˣһǱϾʿϾڣĽٻһš
һϾĴڣͲ̼սˡ
Ҳû˵ʲôƺˣǱϾʿڸͬˣǱϾĻİϾϾʿǼٵģӵбϾһ㶼Ƿֲõˡ
ĳǲõȻ
ʱѾϣ˶һıӣһ׼ˡĳǷȥǱϾǿߴӷƣȴܶķȥ
㼱æȥһ̳嵽ǰͷӺ׷
ţϾǿ߳ˣٻȥ
üͷüͷһ壬Ͼʿ侲֪Լʱûпɱ롣˱·õѡ񣬵Ϊ˾ĽٻѾ˲ò׾ˡ
໣ֱԽǱϾʿ
·ˣʿһŷ׭˲˺ԴֱӰȫĲݺݵĴţըĵâɱһƬѪꡣ
㻹ûü֣ЩѵѪ⻯һƬƬľͷüͷһȻԷˡ
ǱȴһƬƬ׭¶˳һЦߺߺߣҵѾԶˣ׷ˣأҲûսĴ㣬ţˡ
㱩ŭʮѼƷɵǱϾĸһУĳŷ׭Ӳγһƣ鲼ۼףʮѼƷ
飬صĳƵðʿˣǾ޷ͻķ׭ֻ˵㻹˵㡣
ô
ͻȻǱϾǿ߾㵵תͷô£
žһСֵ״ǱϾǿӲıһ£ϸһһķȴûֱҪС
ǱϾǿ߶ϸ䣬֪һ⻯ɲưߺߺߣǻύֵģӱץȴ޷ıʵ
ಣݹͬʱŤͷȴǷ˵ĽٻɵǰԭòûߵǴӺű㣬㱻˾ӹȥ棬ذĽٻʿ
Ϊ䲻⹥ޱ͵Ϯˣ
ѹֲסϲı飬æߵĽٻԣŵץС֣ٻû˰ɣ
ĽٻŵҪû¶
ٺ٣˼ҪˡǱϾʿ廯һӰֱʧҲһϧںĽٻİΣæˣˣİȫҪġ
ֳõλ
ɿЦǰˣòŶԣǶӦˣȥʿջЪϢɣλ㻹ء
ʵʿʲôͷ֪ʲôͷ𣿡
εҡҡͷǰ͵ϮɹȴӵмƷҲκβǣֻǴλӻͷǰ֪ǵӦ˵ˡ
Ҫҡͷδأӵ˵ӡδؾ˵ͽﲻ˵ĵطǻҵطЪŰɡ
Ľٻ͵͵㴫㣬ұץסʱ˹㣬㻹ǵðǰɱǸŮʮѼƷɵҲǴáЩ˹㣬˵ˡ
ĬĵͷѾ˼ƽϣȻǵǹͨʲôӰԼĽٻϢ˻ȥץĽٻ˾Ƿ˵ˣڵĿľΪЧ翵ɱһжɶˣԼйصĶ
Ҫӳ飬ҪȾһˡ


2274 ҹ
ĳǵʿջǽջÿһס˵ĵطһµСͥԺ󷨱֮һľ롣
Ľٻ˵ҩҲ𽥻ָӴ£˿ǰԼ糺죬Ϊһ˰ҩȻⲻʣĽٻһԡ
Լû̫Ķֻʵҩµ˳ȥ
ǲĲأĽٻʮɻ󣬿žԼ˿ƲΪʲôûбסأԼδ
µӣѵŽǸľֹԹԵģΪҲͰǴ򲨺Ǳ߹ôҲˣĽٻĴ˿ѡ
ܲζģôõδޣȴĺ꾫Ľٻȴһɲ˵ĸоҲ˵Ľڡ
ͥԺߣȥӪľĽٻȻľ˼ĺ棬ԿԴľ̬ȾԲֹһô򵥵ġ
𣿡Ľٻʵʲô𣿡
ɣĽٻ㣬ǰﲻæǾӦɡĽٻüͷһ壺УҪһ𡣡
ڨЦҾ˵϶ҪңӦɡٻǴҹʱ־ǱĳǲãֱӰ˾ȳƾɽһˣһӦˣ˾ߡ
ĽٻͷɣǸոͻƻϾڣʵûȹ̣бҪúȹ̾磬ͬģܴܿ򲻹ԮɣǷˡ
Ľٻѷҧˡ
Ȥûء
ߣĽٻʱˣϽжɣȥһΣһôĽٻıǵĪҲϰˣû˵ʲô
ҹʱ֣ĳǲãŵʿ¶ˣǺǲסͣҹܽ벿á
£ʮֵֽæ˵ţ͵һҵ֮ҲǾ׷ɱõǼеݣŵʿǻϾڣͻȻϾڵҵ֮ô᲻˷أ
˶ۺ죬Ȱҵ֮ӻֵҶ˵ͽؿλȥɣкõ
΢ЦĵͷĽٻ󣬲˽֮ȴûһж׼һ׭ȻըĳǲʹãȻըϾǿߣһƬ𺣵Ļһĸá
ĽٻȥЩ׭Ųһ¥ܽҲͱõסˣѲصʿӦҲ͹ȥˡ
һϾСʿžˮŴȥ£һţŵʿæǰ
ţƺడˮʲôˮ
С޹ǰѩˮ֮ǲñСõλһû뵽쿴Ͼǿ߻û߰˹ϵӦò
ˣҶȥ°ɡ
⡭С޽Ϊѣļвƽ𣿡
СʿŵĻæϵĶǰǰˡ
˶˳ְѩˮ֮УһЩͨˮһӵʱ䣬˽ȥ
ЦĶӽȥɽӺλ̸ʲôһſھͷ׷ױˡ
Ըоſи󷨣Ȼ˶ʮֽ⿴һۣͿ˷ڰ̨֮ϵı˪Ȩȣ
ľķôѶ£ɽӾͻӻ֣ʾȥ
λĳǸѩɽµˮ¶֮٣ղϣǺǺǣͬʱҲǿǣλ
˵ſڣȴͻȻ˸ĵ׺ֱøոն϶ĸһŵˮҲǺ˳һУץסľı˪ȨȣתҪߡ
ߣȻ״˴ֲǲûд󰭣ͬʱ˳ȥ˲Χġ
СʲôͷϾΪڲڲǿ
ʲôͷ
ãỹͬɣǸŮӦòĿġæŲñοȥͬʱһըټĳǲôıը˺ҹ
ͨıը׭ȥˣʵȴɱЩչϢеʿЩѣʱĽٻͷųһһ÷ΧĿռ˱˪
˶оóٻƶ
Ľٻľֱӷɶ˳ȥУãҲЩ⣬û뵽ôʱĽٻܰ˾ߡʵҪҵľҲɣĽٻʶһɨͷڲúΣֱӾɱ˿ؽȥˡ
ĳǲǿ˾ˣĽٻϾڵΪ飬пֲȻ޼ɵˡ
Ҫߣ׷ȴǲǱ˪ȨˣץסǸʥ鷨ŮӸΪ㰡ҾǸΪҲûеϾ
һһ߼һѪӿεâñһԲҫףɱŨŨԲ䵶ϵһֱӰпΣ
㵹һҲУʥ鷨Ȼǿ˹
Ʒһ
ߺߺߣ˷쳣Ѫĵһˣ԰
䵶趯ԶԶĲٿ䵶â͸оԼֽһԾ磬Ҫ
ڰ֮ܣһҿȻҲĿˣʶһɨȴǷʮ㣡ҶǺϢ
ʮһ͵ɽɽȻ֪бȻмٵģֻ㾫ֹɽҶܷɢɢһȴ޷ЩٵӰ˺
ˢˢԲ䵶âǣɨͻȻһ㡱ˣֱ˹ȥ˸һŰԵ⽫
¶˰ɣ
ûͻȻһ̲Ѫ
ˣɽӻعʱ򣬺ֱӳ˹ҧ䵶Ƶ󵹷ɡ
㲢û׷ٻ˺ֱĽٻǱ߷ȥ
ĳǲýӦôʱȴЩˣֻܷڵĻϾ֣ȴ޷ֹϾǿȥ׷ľ
˲ƣǼ˲ƹ󣬷һƬû̵ĻĵأϾǿҲˡļ٣и̣Լɲô¡
ͻȻһͷ˹û⣬ϸ֮·ű˪βͣ
ٻָס˱˪һ˿ϲԭѾѣһɽ֮䡣
㼱æԼĵطŮһԲڱʯͷ֮ϣ㵽Ľٻû˵ʲôľȴӯһıס㣺㣬һΪһΪҲˡ̫ˣ̫ˡ
һ㶣ǵһοľްڱҲǲҲǣľؼѹһԳЩԡ
ֻһԵĽٻȹ󿴵ܵı飬ʻհ


2275 Դ
ľþ̲֮סӵס㣬Ľٻʮջ𣬿˵ǶʻգŮôԼˣǲظ
㣬ſ㣡ĽٻвȻҲˡ
ĵˣٻ˿ɲðˣҪһ˿ɾ鷳ˣڻз˵˵鷳æȰٻ侲һЩľֻһʱ
ľĿĽٻǶׯŵҲΪʧСŮһŪŪľҲŮһöǸĽٻоһؼûַԹޡ
ľĽٻʣޱ˵ҸǾʶ빲˭
꾫ϽԶһ㡣ĽٻӾȻһ˿˿ߺŭ⣬㶼ò˼飬Ȼ˽Լ
δޣĽٻʹɱﵣߵҲѣ빲
ľﲻһֹס˸оҲ˵ô£֮ǲľ㣬ߵͷǵġĽٻĺζھľҪٽӽһ
ľͷһЦ۽ӿһ˿Ứȴ˵ǰǹϲ
һû뵽ϢľȻ˴󰡣Ȼˡܿľתһ飬˵ûиǷʲô𣿡
̲ģľתתӾͲ˵ˣĽٻŵȭͷ㣡Ǹʲô硢ﵽʲôˣʲôϵ𣿡
ϵɴأΪ㣬ԸҪйܽӴŶľĵԱɿ㼱æͣ͵ϵĽľǵĲ廰֮£ٳĽٻǺۿỨ
㼱æסĽٻС֣ٻûиǷʲôҪңľ۸㰡㻹ôһƿӡ
ĽٻֽţҲߵ֮Щ⣬бŮˣҪǿ㡣
ЦԼҲ֪²ܻȥءֻдһ죬ϾԼһܵİŪҪ˵ʲôͻȻݹͬʱɽȵһľ֮У˶ƽϢһ˿Ϣ
ʱҲˣĸϾۣʥ鷨ҪӲƴûпܵġ
ɽӵ֮ʵλз֣
ղоϢǸͷǸŮģǵ֮ȴǷûˣӦòڸ
дⶼǸˣ
ĪǵϢٲˣղҲûߣӦþ︽ϸһңջ񡣡Դĸ˵ĸϾǲɣɽҲӦþͨ䣬ʲô֮ˡ
ɽӵȻô˵ȥҡ
ɽָĶ棬þ˶صĵطӲݴ᫣ҪƾѰ鷳֮ɽ˷һŹâ˸߿գҫ硣
һԲһɽϪķ϶֮䣬±֣ǾǱˮкˣʵľѵص㡣ֻǵЩխľĽٻһһҵĽ㡣㶼˼ˣֱ֮Ըоľѩ強ѹ
ľߺҿ㣬ȣҲ˵ʲôֻܶš
Ҳˣڸɽʥ鷨֮󣬾ͱɽӴˣ޷顣Ϫˮľ˵Ľʪżһ˿ů
ľʹİͷ˫Ҳ鲻ԾֱۣûзЩأͷһľߺ죬ҲЩңɵ£һ˫ԲУǰ׻һƬ
ȴѹļƣѹԲΡ
һߵĽٻڼֺͷ˼ΪԼʹٱ˷֣ȻڶأͬģĽٻ״̬ãΪϾ׷ɱʱϺ󣬷ϾʿˣȻղųԴ׵ʱҲѪӿȾһ˿Ѫˡ
ĽٻԼûã㣬˵Լ
ԴһƫȴǿľȻסֱۣļʵȥˣѵӵаȻ
ĽٻоԼҪΪԼ˷սҲֱ㣬ĿϣԹ˵
ᰡҲܹԼǶˣȲѣȰһֱˮֱҲʹʶȻᱻǷ֣ͻȻͷӿּǿ
ѹѹ۳һɫԲˣҲһƬĵã˷ֵط̫ҲԼˣȻ˻ͷ
㲻ҲãǾɣУٲǾԶˣ֪ѾʵʣڱȴǴҵ֮
ֻһΰˣսѵʿҵϵĻ档һмǿıըܣܰѷԲǧըһƬޣһɽˡ
ۣҵ֮Ľٻҵ֮𣬵˵ľȴǲУĽѵʥ鷨Ǳ˪Ȩȡҵ֮յǱȻᱻ
ͻȻ˯Ůȥǡ
ĽٻѾˣҹȻΪ̫˯ˣľҲͬ״
ŮһҪȥĸϾʿͶͬķԣУ̫Σˣ
Ƕˣ״̬ã¾ˣȥǣŻߡֵӵк𣬲֮ǵģҺǵĲ࣬ǷϵĲѡ
ʹҵ飡
ʹҵı˪Ȩȡ
Ůͬ˵ʹԼķĻŮ˶Էһͬҵģ졣
û˵ҶãԼҲµġǱˮУ˳Ϫ˺ˮ֮䣬ȻͻȻ˳һ֧˳ǰɽӵ˸һ
Ѿˣȴ˴ӡһֻСɽȭͷȻ˹ȥҵ֮һ˲䱻ƣ⣬ڰգȴûһ˿
㿴ˣɽӵҲɫƵĿ㣬һ˲̻һߣɽֵĸȥȴʣһûС
Ű߰׵ĺ룬ɵĿɽȾʯ֮Ϫʥ鷨֮ӦǬϵˣŮĶˣһݣСԼˣֻϧϷʵôƭģ
Ǭϵָ£ָϲһŰɫĻ棬žϪڴŮͬʱһڤ𰡣
˵ڤǴ˵Ļ걾Դ֮𣬾мǿƻǻ֮Ʒ׽ϸߵĴڣ֮͸κζǶĿ걼ȥҰĿסڤ֮ʲôʱȼգȴǿٿš
˵ץɱ˵ļǿ档
ĽٻľһۣŮ֪ڽˣ


2276 
˭˵ļϸ𣿡
ɽ׷ڰˣǰӣźͺϾֲһʣͽӡȴǸΥ£һ˶Ǽϸ
ʵǹͣģΪһˣǸͽϴıϾʿûиµźҪҪڷһȥܻ
˻࿴˿ûлػΪ̸֪ѾǶˡһ̣˵ȫ񣬶ϣһĵѹڿ佺ţʹƬռ˲ޱȳ
˵ҲգǶѾȤˣǸˣתֻһ˵꣬ӵʥ鷨ɽ˸һǵĺȻ׹⣺ֱ˵ͽҲ˲٣ٺ٣Ӧ÷ˣһû׷ŮӦѾǬϵץˣĺˣǻúչòɵĹģȥɡ
һ˵꣬һʵʰɱʱԲ䵶֮ϸֳǹɱ֮ʢ֮ļƷ۵ɱԣֲ֪ǿ϶ٱƷ׵Ĳ࣬칵
ֻһȦȦʵʰѪȻ֣ȻγһƬ⽣Ӱ磬ܸĵâɱһܲ͸
ԹıϾǿɱѹ֮£ʱɫɷףһɷĵĿ־˲ĵ֫ٺЩеʥ鷨
ǸɽһģǿȫʩչЩ¡¹麦£ƷεİΧû˿©ġ
ûκԥһڵڵʵʻɱʮѼƷɵ֮ϣͬʱХϾʿȥ
ɽһ㶣СӾȻԼͺȣǴɱҾͳȫ㡣
˵޷ߣ
ݣ
Ũɱ¾ϢѪɫɵȻգǿϾȾ磬ǷӦʱǵƷɵѾ˲ǰų㹥һ벻
һķ֮ϾҲˣԼļƷֿȴûˣɹ
ҲӭԲ䵶ۣ㶼նˣûһ˿ϲãоˡ
ҲǵһοˣλȴûʶѪԭѪһ̲Ѫ֮һֱĳǲãʱΪѾɢûᣬϾż׷ľ
ǷѪ񾭡ʵôģһ̲ŧѪʶڣ𽥻ָˣ̾Լıˣղݵʱ򣬾һʵһֱǰͷѪ
ֿʼʩʱŷϵˣ
æСģں͵Ϯȥ·ģǸտ㱻նλڸأ˵Сģȴ̾
ѾˣôǷĻأһѾõ̴žüʶ֮еףΪָƻҲ¶ˣȫһʥ鷨һ
׺ĴֱһʿԴ֮ϣֱӴķ㿴ҪӣѼƷķɵ޵ֱӽ
磡ɽӲҵĽһСӣԲ䵶׼㣬ɽѾɱۣôû뵽һأ
𣡺Ӳ˳кɫֱɽӵԲ䵶΢΢һ𣬲ڰûƯȶ̷һʥ鵤ųһ˳˺ܶࡣ
ǱϾʥ鷨öԸ
㻢ĿһɣһξѪ䵽Ѫ֮ϣѪ壬һʿҵ֮˲ʵǣתˣ
ѪٿʮѼƷڱѿɭѪһϾʿ
ɽӵԲ䵶ǼƷˣȴǶʱ޷յɽҲˣ޷طּһ޴¯ݺݵĳźԴȥ
һӡۣըѾ죬ضˣ̳衣
ӡĹâͭĹâͬʱɢ
ûüڶιļ϶ƿնߣʱѾûʱٹ˼ɵõκ£κˡ
ʱȴ˿һͬ飬ڿնһ˲䣬Ѿһֲ˼ٶȸ׷ɱȥ
ͬʱٿԲ䵶ΪĿסԲ䵶ʶŵѺڵϣÿһ·һΣƴˣҲܡ
ͷ費ҿ״̬ƺ̫ð׷㣬ÿһξҺһ£һ·Ѿ½ٴΣҲ̲סһѪ
ٺ٣ͬΪϾûʥ鷨ƾʲôӮңƺ˶ߣ״̬ãƺ״̬ҲðһУ۳һıӣźžһҳ顣
ͷצϵԲԣҽҵķҽӣÿһ£΢һ𣬿һԲ䵶Ȼûбա
ƺһĲ࣬ǵվ׵öˣֻϧʥ鷨ȴ˰ٱֹ
žžžĳ޴úĽⰵһʥ鵤סƣԼҪԼ£ܳס֪һǿźԲ䵶Ҳˡ
˺ܾãЩˣѾ˵ʮŵҩˣɵǻͦܰƤ񣬴򶷴ҵķˣ
˵ɣʵѾԾֹԼѾʩչˣֵͷͷצҲΰҪɱͬ磬ʥ鷨
ƫƫԼķľסô鲻ᡣ
Цƫɿ
ףʶɨܣǸôķûи΢һЩȴǿʼҪＤŭˡ
ң㲻εεĹﱻǬϵ̣ˣǸͷӿɲʲộŮӶ಻ʤ
ǺǣǶ˺һˣԼĪҲһˣ֪ģһ²࣬ǰϷڸϻȥü
ôĶװˣһȥͻǵˡ
ϲ˵ţɲΪ˵һҲÿڸһ㶼ǣߣһΪŮء
ЦҵǸѪѾȥˣܵðвʰȣϾӵʥ鷨㣬в󡣡
ɫѿˣ֪µˮ©ͻȻһӰ֮ҡҡ׹ʧɫô£ʲôˣܣ㶼ûҰ׾롣
ָָԲ䵶ķƺҪʧˡ
æͷһɫԼԲ䵶Ȼڣʱڷˣ̧ͷǰצץ
һΪҹˣʵҲԲ䵶նһʧץס֪ԼǰҲԼôʱ䣬ĿľԼķߵĴУ֮ƣ
ͷҲأæԭڵɽȣĵǧҪ£


2277 в
㼱ٷɶݻ֮ңĻԭɽȣѪѾѲˣҲýѵ֮ʱѪǬϵ˵ҲǼвġ
ֻһ£ֻѪϵʱ򣬸պŮ֮ʱľѾܣԭĽٻǻǿޱߵķšҲû뿪ûľһֱֵѪ
ѪˣȻвǬϵֻǬϵȴʮֻ飬̽ٳľʣѪĽٻͶҹơ
ϵʱ˫ڽţԭ˵ľ˿ƸˣӦǷǬϵʱ˵ġ
˵λѾɣǰҲɣͰѸˣ
Ǭϵһޣ״ͻȴǣľ޵ΪҲлϾĩڣҪɱڵصľҲʮ׵顣ǬϵɫܻϾ֤ûƭԼֻѾˡ
˭һ֮ɱͬĸ֣ӵʥ鷨Ҫɱ򵥣ˣʱ䣬ӡǬϵԽ˵ɫԽҿڵӣȻ״̬ܺá
ɱͬĸ֣ûʲô˵£зȥĴ㣿Ǭϵ侲˵ҰŮķߣ̾ҪСû뵽ʵ֮ǿˡֻŹƭСĻΪһ𣿡
㿴˿ΧǬϵƷάܣȻγһ󷨣Ҫ͵ϮľЩʵ㼫Ǭϵұ֤ɱ㣬Ҳ֤ҲҪɱ㡣ˣ̷ߡ
ԭֻ֮ߣû뵽׷ᣬҪƣҲɱˡһ߶ԻһѰ˼ǬϵʱɣĳǲҲһһҹˣ˵˹ҲĴ˶࣬¶ǻϾģҲöԸ
һټͽ࣬ǧˣЩͽҲбϾΪˣԼˡ
Ǭϵڤ粻飬ҪõľҲΪʥ鷨ĶĽٻٻߣ;ӡǷҵ㡣
Ľٻˣɲ붪һҲҪһ𡣵ûü˵ͱֹס߰ɣģҲµģҴӦ㣬ҲµģΪһҪȢ㣬ôƯĹȢؼȥôԣ
ĽٻӯᶨĻȴòӣŮˡ
Ľٻ֮ѪҲջش֮У䵽ϣʵѾˣܲ°ɣпŵҩ°ɡ
׹һƿǬϵӹҲû˵ʲôľ¡룬ǬϵڵȣЩҪƴӵĶ
ǿϵʵѾ˵ĳǲôһȷɷֻҪȾͿˣаʱԮˡ
Ǭϵȷʮּɵֵ͹ʵǬϵҲΪ͹İɣȻͬô࣬Ҳôһʱһ»أ
ʹǬϵԽĽСģва춯ɱ
ޱ飬һĿţҪ취Ǭϵصõˮ©ͶʱڼʲôԼԺľĴٰǬϵɱˡ
ľҲһɫΪԼĹģָ鷳ˡʱһһεĹȥһ䣺ôſϷˣſң
ǺǣȶԼ˫֣һ㡣Ǭϵ˫֣ɱĸֵܡ
ûɱģҲûЩʲôΪһЩͷѵĵǬϵɱľ
侲˵ˣЩʲôʾ
ûκαʾгġǬϵϷŰ˵һҲںˣҪɱҾ;ɣһɱҲҪиᣬŮˡ
ɫ˫֣һ㿳ɡ
Ǭϵһ㶣ĿĿ㣬һ󣬷޵ֿͻȻһ͵ıըըһѪ
㣡ľͫһ˫ֶڵϣŵüУ㲻ҪΪʲô㡭㲻ֵΪ
ͷ亹ǬϵҲľɣߡҲûв
ߣֶѣвǺܴ󵨡ǬϵãѪܵ㣬˵ҵ޷ſΪۣӲһơ
Ҫ㲻Ҫģľûб˪ȨȣͬʵޣǬϵһƣڵء
㣡㲻Ҫң㲻ҪҡľˮʹһˮûԸΪԼϵ˫֣ڻҪǬϵƻûĻһ
Ǭϵһƣư磬ӭɽֱӴ壬Ҳ̲סһѪڵأɫ԰ס
Ǻǣ
ǬϵͷЦû뵽ô޴ȻԸԲУһȴ͵ϮԼǿ֮ĩ״̬͵ϮԼҲͽͣͻȻǬϵһ
ߣģǬϵһڣһ飬ʶһɨоϵ΢Ϣȷǿ𲢲Ƿ漴ˣɡ
£ǬϵץסĲӣͬʱҲǬϵ֮ڣǬϵм˵ʧȥ˫֣ˣʲôҶ㣬㶼û͵Ϯҵٶȣ氡
ȻΧĿ˲ȴĽٻȥһǻŭ𽿺ȣǿ棡
ĽٻԸ߿֮ɢһϢɽȶ֮ȴ㻳УɢϢǿǬϵޱȣ˾ϢͷָںڣҲˣ
ͻȻǬϵ˵˫Ҳ𽥴죡ԭҲӿֲָ
ǬϵգŮʲôĽٻ·Ϥ˼мĴУ֮
򲨺ĺôܣǬϵ˿òѾָʱģ֮ͻȻѾ˺ˣԼô඼׷ˡǬϵҲǼʱļһڤ
׻壬֮¾Ȼ˸ƽɫ
ǬϵҸƿȥĴЦæô࣬վǻصԭ㣬ԣҵǸл㣬һָᣡ
𣿡ЦЦԼѪ˵ʱ䣬Һγأ
Ľٻ£Ѿָ˰ٱüߵʱָһЩԪҾܻ֮ļƻˡ֮Ԧ죬СϢĻǾ͸ˡ
ƻǬϵɻ󲻽Ļͷ˿ľеı˪Ȩȣʲôıƶûõġ
û˵ȴľ󳰷Ѿˣ㻹֪𣿡ǬϵмͷҲأʥ鷨ϣΪܶʲô
ߺߣΪأһƳɤǬϵæתȥȴǿһӲӵצסľǺôǬϵУͷôҵ֮ڵģ
ľ˻еĴ˼ղץסʱһ
Ǭϵͷߣֱţ˺ıľͰȫˣԼȭͷղĵĶʹ£ֵ̿ǬϵЦѪծѪ


2278 ʥ
ǬϵĿΧ£ˣĵ׼ȿ˵ĳǲԮϵͷֻʶѾܸ֮㣬֮ڵĻݲݣͼʶ֮и֡
Ǭϵ״̬ʢǴʱʣһкãƴһѣֻԼĸϰˡ
ȻģǬϵڵϰҰɣϷ۲ʶ̩ɽˣ̰ģҪλʥ鷨Ҹ֪ˣԺмλĵطǬϵ·ߡ
ľޱ飬ڵı֮ɫʮԣû˫֣㶪ʴȷŹ㣬ҲŹġ
ĽٻҲ󣺡˺ˣҲŹģ
໣ҲֵĽ䣬Ǭϵɫ㿴Źĵûһ˿ɱ¾ˣɱʲôأ磬ȱȽǡ㵭ʵ㼸⣬شĻҿǷһ·
ǬϵϲмĿͷæʵ˵֪޲ԡ
ʵ˵ŮһԻһϧ½磬˵÷۴򲨺Ķġ
Ǭϵһ㶣εҡҡͷûˣʹ˲Ϣ͵ķ۵ˣȻܶѪɱõˣжѸ٣ȥӰ٣˵ĳìﶼһƬɱ¾
ĬĬİѪɱøסˣȻΨһʹ˲Ϣ͵ķ۵ķãô϶վߵԻϧȥ򡣵˸ѰĿˡ
ʵ֪𣿡
Ǭϵæص֪֮һ·֮еĸҲܶ࣬ΪõĶͲ٣Ա΢һЩ
мϸڲ֪𣿡
ǬϵصȻ֪Ⲣò飬ҼϸҲ£ͬģҲмϸǷ档
˶Լ㣿
ǬϵһᣬŵӦò࣬˷ˣ޼ˣɱ֣Ҫеĵطڼϸⷽ档
ͷɢɣһҪ᲻һΪǾ͸ƴɡ
ǬϵɫȻΪҪûΪȥﶼܲ߻Ƶĵط˵أ
ƴпƴùǬϵѡɢȥһҵ֮ϾΪ֮ѾˣԺҲѸܸܲ͡ϮͿԼԺıˡ
ҲûľĽٻΪǬϵֻû뵽ԭƬԭΪĽٻ֣֮˲ޣǬϵԭΪܰȫû߳Ƭոγɵ֮־޸˵вԱС
˻صĳǣĽٻʩչ֮ʮҪϢҲʱһžͥԺЪ
ľһӵʣľҲǺܺ㵽ôɹ򲨺ģ
°Լ˵һ飬ľе겻ѣŻʳȻǸСطϾһЩֵˣľﻹЩ㻰һתʵ㵹һܣΪʲôҪƭң
ľԼæͣᣬҵЩ²ʣҲ֪һŮӡҲˣʥƣǶôĲ̣ҵı˪ȨȾһʥ鷨
Ĭһᣬʵı˪ȨѾָˣ
ľҡҡͷôףȻȥܾˣΪƽӰ죬ĻָҪܾãָܻˮƽͺܲˡҲڽѵ˰Ū
ľ㻹ǾĿԼȻ֪ܵԼԼ֪ò˵ˡ
ʥ鷨ҴСӵˣҵõһλȥߵһΪľű˪Ȩȣĵ˵ҼȻӵ˾ǿʵҪѵӰ죬ҪѵӰ죬Ҫʥ鷨
һ壬ʥ鷨Ĵڣҵʥ鷨ҲǱǿƵģڵȴһҲʶġľϹ˰ˣóЩ²ԸȴΪ
ʱһСʥ鷨ĺ壬ҵʱǿǸƯĽ㱻¯֮ڵġľű˪Ȩȣһ˿Ứ£δȨ֮ϣĵ˵Ҷ֮ҾԽԽΣǴеķҲˣҲϰˡ
ľЩȻĵͷ̾һԴ˳㷢οⲢȫ㡣ִֻܹ˰ɡ
ľоԴź񲻽һΪԼѾ㣬ǵĳԼǰʱ޷ǿŲƽġ
ȻģľĻ˱ĺܽһȴǷĻ֮ڣ㲻ֵĻľпҪˡʹסľ
ľҲǻһ𣬸ӲĻ֮ˡ
㣬֪ҸֿЩ𣿡ľɬ˵ܶˣܻĽӽңҪȡҵΪģ̰ͼɫģҪҵģΪ˻ȥα磬Ҳòίߡ
һֱżˣԭôʹࡣֻҲܷ½ģΪ֪֪׵ģһһǰδеɸСľĿ㣬ȻĶˡ
ľ㣬ܵ鷿ѹò꣬㲻ɵӣôῴľԼĴأԼֲܾʹ˵һɣԼѾôޣ黨ǲݶ಻á
㼱æתƻ⣬ʵһ岻ѵôöûҵȥķ𣿡
һǨѾܾˣһ岢ǸϾϵġľ̾˿Ҳ˽ߵ˵֪α˲ûôΰ󣬲Ǵֹ½˽
˻ΪȣóľԼ˺ʧ
Ϊ֮еʥ鷨ܶ඼Ǵץƶɵġľüͷ渵ǰеĳ˵α绹綼ǸԴǵ磬Ҳ֪ǸԣΪʿ֪ǵӱ˽ѵͬʱץһЩʿʥ鷨
겻ѣû뵽Ȼһ飬ʵôģ㲻ֱ˵ɣ
Ϊҵı˪ȨǸɽӵ⣬һóʥ鷨ǼƷʥ鷨֮лûܹƵóƷʥ顣ľĵ˵Ϊҵı˪ȨǼƷʥ鷨ű¶ҵݡ
Ȼû뵽һЩ£
ľ㻳Ҳˣûκôȥľæɬĵͷ˻ȥ
Բ㣬ղ̫ˡϣ㲻Ҫ֡ľߺææ߿һƬհףҲ֪ΪʲôղžͿˡعʱ򣬽ŵòС
ľĽٻ޵ķ䣬ȴ̾˿Լķ䡣


2279 Χĳ
ʲôˣõҲˣӵʥ鷨֮󣿡
˵ܶ棬ڳϻճ»֮УȻһĻرʵɱͬһɱĸϾĲҲǱϾڣ۷徳磡ӦǼ֮ܶвŶ԰
۹۱ǣǹģƺЩ²ȤϯλϵһһŮޣģƺֻʮѣϸ첲ȣظҲֻСͷķһ
̼еĳ϶˾̸
æЦݣʵʲôָʾ𣿻ǰչȥ飬ҳ֣ҾҲпǷ˻޼˵ļϸġ
ڰ֣㲻˵ôĶ֪Ҳ˷ʱ䣬˾ۻܿ͵ˣҪһЩ֣һҪˣ޼ѾӦֻ֣Ҫ־ӮһǵЩϸҲûʲôΪˡ
üͷ𣬱˻Ѫɱó鵽Լƿ֮¡
¾ô´Σ鱨˵
ˣ²ۣʲô𣿡һֱ˺ɡ
˵ܶɣǸڰյһȶҪϺܳһʱ䡣ɢ֮󣬽üͷԼӽĴʥɽƺ˴鷳Ҫɱһˡ
ǶԷҲǱϾӵһͷצöԸʥõѾˡϼѰıϾǶ֡ԼȻ±Ͼֱ˾ۻᣬ̫³鲻޷Լӳͷ
Ѫɱõ˶ս֮ͬ޵ֵģĶȫӦбϡ̾˿ĶͻƱϾһϲ£˹ִҪҲס
Уǵ˿Ӷ˺ֻܶ࣬³çǳһһѰ˼ţҲǻһôʮʮȽѾҵ֮ЩѪɱõӦûĶɣ
ȷʵ֪ӽͲԭĽˣǱһϾʿͬʱҲͬ˽ĵļ䣬ɹƭ˽ϡ
˵ܶ棬ÿ϶һɽţһܶΧɽдСλ֮࣬Ȼǲ
ϻصԼɽţٲȻһСһƽضĵӴոսɽžһĲҽС
ȴǽԼϾͽǾˣÿλʳǵľѪȻóԼĶһħӽĿеϤûħز
˽϶ԽҲû̫𱸣ħҲûʲôģǲ̵ķʽЩֱӶѡ
ĶѵôְʦǴˣʵȴûһ˿ֵ˼
Ĳм˵ҷʮӮһòô򣿵ѪɱҪ̲סҪˡ
ҡҡͷûôףұĳǲĸɱŪ󣬽赭дĴûиһᡣ
ֵһ˴ҵĳĽݷĽٻѾüĿˣھҪĳǣûиǲҵĻԼȥˣҲġ
ϳʲô˭˵ûǲ㣿ôҲŪ֣ɵҶӣʲô˶
һߣܶ棬˵ܶ棬˵ܶһ֮ϣһŲïܾУʿں׿ٶסС
ϴץĽٻʧܶصǸϾǿߴ˿̻ص˷ˣȺųϻĴ
Ϊ𣬵õĶͣЩͼͻƾžŰʮһѣսĴڣ̣Ҫɱżжһ
ʱһ۽µʿ߽ǰҶȥɣڳ롣
Ҷ΢΢ͷݲȵĽ˵´ǿյģмֻһ˵λãڳȴǴڵģǶһɫڱţ˿ǵʵģ
ͽҶλϣ
ҶϣЩӵĳϲŻѯʣҶ˴ˣƺʧˡкһṩôõϢôûѺδ߸ץ
Ҷĵͷܣһ츳ߵʿ·ɱԭҲֵܵסû뵽֣·Ǹ񴫳ߡܣ볤𷣡
ߣʹǺǵһжġҪΪǲ֪ںδĳĽѵٸһνĻᣬһҪѺ񴫳߸ץ
Ҷϣ¿ɼ֡ϾĳͬС
ʲô㵱Ͼҵ𣿲֮˻ˣڳ϶չأʱ䣡˻ᣬ޼˴ӦӦҪв
ҶŵŵðˣһǻΧһĻңڳϺ
ʱ˵ˣ˵ˡȻŮӣ
һмһͬȥɣҪѺ񴫳߸Ҵ޽ѵֻ£ʵǼѱǿġǼϾӮһϾô
ҶʵʵӦʥ¶
Ҷ뿪˴ߵſھͿһޣĽٻĻȻϵó˾ǺһĴϣЦǺǵĸҶϹܺҶѺһҰ
Ҷ˿̲ڴ֮ڣ𽥻ָֹˮޱ˵л˵Ͻ·˵ؽɡ
ʱĳǵ㣬ȴ֪ԼѾ˸ˣĳǶһЩӣһһЩҪΪʥ鷨棬ѵһҪûƶ
˺ܾãľѧϰʥ鷨ķԭһĻǣתƵԼıҵ֮滻ѵӰ죬ѵ
ݴϾʿӵʥ鷨һͨʥ鷨Ʒ׼ַ֮ϣһľҪԶԶʤ
Ĵ֮ӵдϣлɱˣȻǷһʺơͶ֮ںľоθĽʥ鷨
ĵѵרҽѵͬʱѵ˵
ѵĳ߱ǻ飬ѪȴΪǿҲҪٵΣա
ҲѯʹΪβ޴棬ȴΪ޵ĻǸ˲ͬ޷滻ƭ
һգûоȻĽٻԽˣ⼸쾭ľһҲ֪о˾鸴ȼ
Ľٻֱ˵ĹϵûΪϴԼδ޶Ͼź˿أ
Ҳ֪㼱Ҫʥ鷨ӵʥ鷨˴Ʒһ飬Ժʿûһ÷ǼΣյġ
Ľٻ̾˿֪ĵûбҪǲȥɱ¾ģʥ鷨Ҫ˼㲻Ըôֻ;ˡɺìĽٻһ̳ˡÿ춼һԲ俴
УҲԴУĽٻĸľһ񣬺΢΢һЦĽٻ鼫Ȳˬҵܱһġ
ŶĿȣĽٻԭԸҲ𽥻ָ˸ӰƳʧĽٻĴ׾ҲԽԽŨˡ
ȿȣĽٻԣɤӡ
Цٻоʥ鷨أҡĽٻи뷨ӦУһ㶣Ǻã˵˵


2280 
ĽٻҲ֪Ϊʲô뵽ʥ鷨ķϾȫû飬͸оӦУʥ鷨ĺǽѵ滻֮˽⣬ȴǱľҪһ
Ľٻ𣿡
㵭˵Ǵڡľһ£Ӧһ̬κ״̬
Ľٻҡҡͷҵ֮ǾǴ죬ıǴ죬Ҳܴ졣ӵܴ޿ܣӵĽʥ鷨ں֮ǻ᲻ܴҪʥ鷨أ
ľһ֮˳˼Ľٻ˵ĺܶԣǴ죬ֻƺ˵Ĺȥʵȴܷɣ
ľвпһԣ㣬ʥ鷨Ҫܺõ¯ҲǼƷһҪʥˮˮǡˮˮ顢ˮЩ½Ĵдڵʥˮ
㼱æɽӵ˵ĴһԵİѶڳʵмƿӣ˵Ķ
ľʶһɨϲһЩб˽ңҲˣĳǲõĶ͹ˣĸƿΡ
ͷȻˣռ෨ɣϾɽ֮·Ψһʥ鷨Ȼǰ˿Ʒʽû취ӦԣȻӵʥ鷨ʿӦ
ľҺٻоһƷϵˣƷ¯ҪѰˡ
ͷؿڵİɣᵢ̫ãҲ뵢̫áľԣҲȻ֪ԻϧŮˡ
뿪ͥԺĳ֮ڵвȴûκαƷͲˣἫƷ¯ˡ
㲻ɵ뵽ĳǲõһ¯ǼƷ˫¯ɽӵĶֻȡѣھͷĳǲõĿյϣһĳȡ
ڻвʿأ˭ÿȻǣЩҲ˾ǿƻֱյˡ
Ĵ֮ڵвٱҲֵҩҲ٣ҵ֮ˣܾ綼ȽϵͣȴǼֵ޴൱ڴһˡ
˼ȥȵĳǵѯʣһѯ䶼ûмƷһУȴ¯
㼸ĳǣȴƺãնҲЭԼľûͦӡǰʵⷽҪ뿪ĳ𣿡
ƹǰ£ûֻʶľһֱϺȣ㺦ɽƣʵڲǾñʵ̫ȥʦҪˡ
Ҳӯӯһݣ磬ǸղѾľ㣬ĽݽˣΪ˵ҪѰƷƷ׵¯صعأ֪һӵмƷ¯
ϲ̤Ьٴȫѹ򰡣
ʲôˣ𣿡
˵ǵʦ𰡣ʦ˼ҲǱϾΪƽʱϲ¯ǼƷ¯ʦ˼ҳɽæ˵Ҫƾʳҩͻƽѵоƽٵءʦ˼ӵڼƷƷ׵¯أ
һæʵƽٵҪ̫˵ɣ
һЦأֻƳʮȽѾƽٵˡʦ˼˵ȻǰеͨһҲУֻѾʮȥˣûʲôչ
㰵棬ȻҵרҲвţĹ۵ȴǸõʦһȻǰʮȽѾҩѣôҲһܣ
㼤˵ʦԶԶĻкľһȥһ˰ɡ
ҡҡͷԶɽĳֻҲΪɽ̫Ĳĳ棬ȫ·Ҳһʱ䡣
ͷһɡ
ɸ˵ƣ̫ˡһ㶣ôֵø𣿡
ƹԹһЦǰԴϴ֮߶ء˵ǰ˧ԺҸҲҪǰҸ
ɬ˵˵
ݸһЦûаɺƵĻϡ
һ·ʩչжʱ͵֮⣬ɽɽҲΪصĪı仯γɣɽܴ󣬲ɽ·᫣ӵд콫ףʿ硣
ɽһϾϵϲҲõʦˡ
㵽ɽ£һףڶʮֺ棬Щ׵ĶΪʲôܲɽȻر񣬶ǿ񼣵ĵط
᲻ͬӵżأѰ˼ɽһżһõ˲ٱأõʦ𽻻Ʒ¯Ӧò⡣
ұϾݷõĿˣȥɣһ·ɽɡ
ɽŵаǰɽҲкܶޣʵǿΪʦ𿪱ٳ·Σյġ
סɣǰô˵ȻĵǰǱϾ˵ĸϾǰĶ֣ǰɽһû⡣
ˣﻹʮֵǣСֶţĬĬΪ
֮ôһһЩ콫׵жܷԼɡҲ뿴Щ޵жǿ˳ɱһЩȡҵ֮
˵׼ԼŻܷżأˣһҲ⡣
ɽıӰǴʦصؿٳɽ·ɽһ·ǳͨ衣ֻ˻صɽȴǷʦ𲢲ڣ˲棬ƽʱ겻ɽŵʦ쾹Ȼⲻڣ
ƣǰصظأʦ˼ȴڣôʱ䣬Ҫ˰
ϸģȴǷֶ֮һֽƿеĽƣ磬ʦֽ˵ƶɵƽٵһͷ޵ȡˣҪȥȺɽһصҩء
һѰ˼ƽʱʦرбʿɽΪĵҩɽǰϵĻҪء
Ҳżˣ磬ҪҪȥʦ˼ʱʮֲءǰҪǳԿô죿
ۣãΪξͲʦ˼ңʦ˼רóսѽ׳ҲóĽǰǰѾĽݽ㣬ľ㣬ͱˡ
ѽ磡˼ʲôû룬ɵҲȥǲŻϾΪɽſȱϾޣǱ֮Ƥ񣬵Ʋǵ
ΣҲȥҪǰʦ˼ҴŪܾô죿ʦ˼ұǰɱô죿ܻҡͷҶȥˡ¾ûкý֡
ֻСһЩɡ̾˿ٴɽ
˵ĵʱҲûзϾɽҲЩΧһ״ڶ㶼ԼˡʶĸӦΧĻ
žһɫüͷһ壬ЩͰ


2281 ɽ
㿴һɫ״Ӳоһޱǿѹѹ˫ֱ۶סǺɫףȴǱƤѪ
һӡᣬһˮֱ֮ϣʹ˿ڿٻָ״ȥǲӲˣǸϽΪ
ͷЩײģͺ޲¶ѣֻҪ׼ʱ㿪ͿˣЩ׵ƺһһ
᫸ӵɽ·һƺͨɽ֣ûзʲôĵطżˡ
ѵҶˣ˸ʺţҲû̫룬ɽ߰ɣһЩޣɱ
һ·̾ͷһͷʨӣȴһֱߣͷë˺ܶСӣվһɱŨŨ۾㡣
ע⵽ʨϻһϣʨӻëѩף׵ıը
ߺߣһϾʿֻ̤ɽ֪ôдôʨӿǳԾͬʱҲͷµĽסͻȻ֮䣬ʨʧˣ
üͷһ壬ܸоʨӵϢȻʧˣϢأֻǺɫһȥԼѡ
ৣһץ㼱æܣǶͷϻǱץһĨͷЩȣղŵܿˣôأۣͷ¶һѪ죬ȻǱˣ
ͷѪʨӰȻվ¶ЦӦղֻ̽´Ҫˡ
˵꣬ͻȻʧˡֱʨӵı󣬷һţֱӽ߷ɣɽ֮УȥƵٶȾͺһڵײʵҲըһҲɫСҪɱң˵㡣
䣡ʨһɱıϾǿ߲ٺ٣һʼǶš
ʨֱſ죬ʱһ״Ҳֱ븹УȻһ죬Ȼǰ˳һ˹ٶȼ죬ըԵ
һӣʮѼƷɵ׷׼ǰγһԲΣ׹ֵǵһ£ʮѼƷĹâͰһ֣
ʮѼƷɵֵȻ΢ƣ㲻Щ޵ƾʲôģ
ʨ˫ܶ죬ƮѰ˲һңǰӰγɡϢҲԽԽ࣬۾ʮӰӣϢҲоеλã
ڿٷСϷһڵʶ۶޷Ѱʱô˴ˡ
ͻȻһ˰֮У֣ܿͷףȴͼȻ֣һжģʨӲ棡
ͻȻ̧ͷȴǿë߰׵ʨ˫ָ߾٣һ׵磬ͷ˦ɫһ䣬ʲôʱϿյģЩô£
㷢ɽϿղϴԴԴϵĻУԽǿѾΪɵƻˣѹ֮ţ
䣡±͵ˣ޿ɱܣ˫һϣױ׭ۣһ׭γһԲ򱣻㡣
޴ĳǰӸ߿£ȥԶʨӺٺһЦѿٴγץͽ˺ѣ
̷ֿأұһ̲Ѫȴԭղڵ׵һɲǾ滻Ѫ
һ̲ѪʨҲˣ˲̻һ̲ѪŶԡʨţͻȻʮѼƷɵųһУֱӴ˹
ˢһɱʨӲҽϾǼƷף׹壬ʨӼܡ㿴ĿɿڴҪһıϾʿԼ͵ϮֻѾˡ
ͷʨֻڵϴ˼ѣɼ֮ǿӲǿЩ񹦵Ĵڡ
ۣʨϵѪ¶˫ſȴγһҵ֮ϵ۵ףγһ׵У㱻гòòˣȻҪ׻ʨء
ߣʨٴʱϵѾˣ㳤ֱͣţҲУ콵׷ȻڻָƣʨӴ磬ɶҺ
ԼĶͷղű˸ӣѪء
Ѿ˺ˣȴȫʡ״̬ߺߡʨӵĳ㹴ָĻһ򲻹㣬ԶܴӮҡ
˫ֵǰʮѷɵ˵תĵָܻǿףأҪɱֻһȡʤˡ
һУһ׽Уͬʱһһɵ֮
ҲΪһָ֮õĴͨߣƿصĵӵеĵ޾ġ
֮𽥴ɢ޼ȴӰʨӣҲоһĪԼͽѵԼ·޷ʹҵ֮һ㡣
򵥣ʨһ䣬æܿݴԣҲʧЩӲݺײٵľȴǱ¶λá
һҲ𽥻ָͬʱָһ״׷ſ񱼵ʨӣκܵĻᡣ
ʨӷԼѵˣҪܳһΧŲо֮ǿӰ죡Ҳƾĵһѹʨӣ
ʨҲܲסˣ޷ѵ޷ҵ֮ƾ޷ȡʤʨƿڴʲôΪδţ㻹۵ˣ
ǺһЦΪԭͻᣬĵ̫ˣǰһ
ˣϾûȫָõʱҲϢĹͻȻʨӱ󣬿Ǳƽжϳλãʮѷɵɱȥ
𣡡ʨӷأȴʮѸ͵һŲҵţһġ
ȴʱͷһ췣ףʨӻΪԼڸѵ£ȴ͵ı״ڵأûҵ֮תҲ޷׵ƻ
أߵʨ࣬Ѿˣ췣Ҳͦǿģò㿴ʨϸֳһҵ֮ϾڣʮȽѾ˳
ԼȻûã͸õĻʦ˰ɡ
ȻѪ·ͻȻԶһŹâ㿴ЩرǳĹ⣬ƺһźţ㼱æŴԶһȴҲը졣
ըԲ췣׵ǵըɵġ
ҿűը쳣Ǵȥ
˵͵ҵĵҩţ
ȻģһϵĽƺһޣڱһͷ׷ʶһɨ־ȻһͷСӣһҩƿϴģ˫ÿһ£޾͵üɵĺˣһŰıըͳ֡
ƻǿ֮ŷÿһ¶ǵضɽҡ
ٺٺ٣ͷҪĵҩӿԣ鼫˻ǲĳʿӵǱܻϵǲõʦأ
ϵӣҵţ
ٺ٣кӣɽһ޵ٺٺ٣Ҫҵ췣ףﳰ˦ŵԼƨɣӼмܲס
ں棬ͻȻɳһ˺ӱһȥȻû뵽еڶ֣屻ݽǿбһ׹⣬ſĽ
Ҳƿӵҩˡ
һʱһгƷվ࿴ŶԷ


2282 
˭ϵ￴ĳ֣ͬ˵ҩ
ѧ˵һͬ˵ҩҵģ
ǿЦãǻ˵ĿһģһҶһеҩƿʵﰡҲһ˰ҺǸϵ࣬ôƫģôҶǻ
ٺһЦҸŶɲһĵҩǷѵٵĵҩɣɣվľɽϼһͷ
ޣһȵѣҲҪȳһԺأ
޼æ𣡱
ҶһѾóһŵҩˣ׹СָƬСۿҪȥˣ˵㵸԰ɣ԰ɡ
·ȴסƣѵҩźãЦΪһ԰ǰãҽ㣬Ǹ¸ͽõѡصݷġ
˵գҩƿӶ˻ȥͷһ㶣ȴޱȸ˵Ľӹҩ⡣۴УԴëߵǺõĶȴˣ̫޴ˣ
ͷֵʵ¼Ȼͽģôﰡ
ҵһɽʶһ췣ʲôرͬʱҲʰһͷޣ͸񡣡㵭Ŀһۣղһͷɫʨӣף䣬ʵڱʰˡ
ʲôͷʨɱˣﾪֵĺһ㱣һľ롣
ϵҲԾ˿ƽƽ棬ܻɱޣʵڽ˳ԾҪߣȴ׷ȥ
ٶȸ켸˲ͻȻһתĿҲѸٱ仯Ȼһͷһ˸ߴĺӣ
ۣЦһӣǾˣ
໣˻ﲢû÷ǳֿȭҲƺ֪ԼӲһƴ㵹ǲС֪Լɱ˱ްëʨӣҸԼƴҲЩ°ɡ
㲻Ծ˫ּ׹⣬֮ĲľԱ׸ڣһڣɵɳʮ⡣һ
ʮѼƷȷʵһöûУǿӲ˹Ʒһ˺۶ûС
üĵЩֲ׹ĵط棬Ȼ׵磬ǰëʨ֮ϡûиǿʥ鷨δùأͷ֮ĵȴľ޴ڶûȫָʱá
;ֲ֮˵ţһ췣״Ҳ㣬ͽֽס׵绮塣
һﵹǸǰëʨӲͬƺ췣ףǷϸһ
㿴ͷ޹췣ףЩǽף쳣׺Լܷأһٴγ̧ͷ˿һ׷
ɲǼϱ
ﵹһƻþˣͷϵ췣ײһＱæܣܿ췢Ŀ겢µЩף
һ췣ױգγһ׵Уһ̮ĶѨһе׵磡ȻԴԴϵ֮ڡ
ˣˣڸʲôϵβȰ˵㲻Ҫһ뿪ģȴǿ㾹ȻͻȻЩ׵磬ֱһ㡣
ûκܳôӴ׵֮ûκһͷЩ׵糬һӡͷľٶĪѾôˣ׹⣬ײܽӽ
ƺҪһսǱһ׹ȴ㿿ǱޣȴҲ޵еġ
ʱţ㷢ԼȻûиеʣǸоһϸСĵұȫϵıڻգԼΪԼһ֣ΪҲϵĻָ
ܵӰ죬ҵ֮ҲǣͻΪΪյٶ̫ˣɽȻ˵Ǻܴ󣬵ҲСԶԶܿΪģγһСУյ겻ɢ췣׽ٵµ׶Ťˣָ㡣
һθܵ׵ǿɣ
ԼʶһͷԲõĺޣԴԴϵЩ췣ס
һӹȥˣʱȥˣһʱȥˣ
ö״ˣҲΧ£ˣǶĩڶ׹֮Уޱ仯ϢԽԽ
¡ѵƿʼˣˣѵĽ׸Щ췣׿ɲͬҪǿܶడ
ֿܵסƺˡ
ʮȽѾҪʮװѵԿȥ
Ҳƺ֪ڽӣ£Ҳ£ЦˣһΪΪ¶ɽ٣ȥǿô˾Բ㡣
ǰɿЩۣȴǱѹôĬĬΪ㵣ǡ
Ҳǽŵʦôģǰǵľ˰ʦȾɡɽ췣ףҪʼɣѵʮȽѾܿס𣿡
ϵҡҡͷҵľ飬ûʥ鷨ǿסģӵʥ鷨ʿ÷Ϊ٣·ˣҲ޸Ǳȴ˳ΪֵֻܣƺЩ
ɽŵץϵֱۣʦô죿ǰҪǳˣôĽݽ㽻
ϵߵʲô㿴ɽҰ޶ûأǻʲô
ʦЩҪƽʱΪʳǿޱȣֲǶɽ١
ϵָָ߿һЩ췣ףûЩ޶رЩ췣ֵİ췣׶յˣԺôЩǿĻһ㣬ЩСֻ޷Աˡ
ɽûЩ׵ıȻӿ֣ɱǣҵ֮ҲҪˡû˵ɱӻû췣׵ıӻʦ鷳˲ٰϵҲǡ
Ȼû뵽ԼٶȻô鷳ĺ
ǴʱѾ޷ͣˣӴס㣬һɳƾϢȻͷţѹֵ޴
žһ״ˣѵĽײܹ̫˺ɲϵ׵ʶ֮գΪϵĻָ
ΪѾָͨҲ൱ϾˣΪΪʵڻָ̫ˣһͬ壬ɲǼҲǣͻϾ
໣һŵɽеɢӣҲ˵ӣСģϽӣµȻ˵Լ
ͻϾһɲǣüһ⣬ǿ˺ֱܶ࣬ӴյĽ֮ϣ
֮Ӳİѽѵƣɢˣ˷ֿܵ죺ˬˣѵöˣ໣
ҲǳһҲԼΪָͨҲʩչ˴󲿷֣֮Ķ䲻塣
Ѿ΢ָֿܵĽѵˣܿҾܶɶˡĴЦڣǰɽ
һţЩ췣ײپ£׷׻ָԭ״ͷϵ˵ǰҷɽˡ
ϵܣָЩ췣ף
̧ͷ˿һЩţЦܾ֮ϣղЩ׹ʱ͸оˡ
ϵʧɫСʲôͷ˲ӱϾͻϾѾˣɽܣ


2283 趦
㰲ȻѾϵʮֺ棬Ҹջ˵ɽܣϵüͷɽܣ֪һЩһż
ǵѾԼ׳˰ԼһˮƽҲǴż֮еõģѲ˷ʲô
ϵɫ仯Ҳÿ㾡۵ף֪ϵʲôԼˣ뻹˰ɣϾ˼ҵ̣㿴˿һƣղԼ췣׵˼֪ʱһƲ仯ˣ
û´ĻǾӦһʲôƷףԷɽͷȥǿףܸıɽôޣǲһѰıˡ
㵹ǲҪǰϵԼ˼ҽ趫αڱ˼ſأ
˼һ˵ǰԺúоһͷ׵ƣ֪ˣǺǺǣˣҳأһҵ֮Ҳҵһ⣬ϣ㲻Ҫ
Ͼڵҵ֮ﶼᱻϵæֵԳǰֵܲǰƺɵЩô
ѾͻϾϵﻹԳǰæݣҲһҵ֮һ;Ӧ˳ӦʱƣȹɽѾͻ˻ϾڣֱӿϾʵЩ֮
ϵȴֿ˿ˣ˵ΪԼ㹻ϾһսԳʦˣҲᷴǽǰݴ񡣡
ùȻ۲ȴǲȡЦЦԾɵݹȥϾǶţԺѧɾ͵ɡٴͣϵҲƴǣƴǣǾǲˡ
ϵ㵽󶴸ͣɽһֱܵͨ󶴸ͨʯ죬Ҫ뻹ҪһĿھȫõһɵˮܰȻͨͨǿҲǴ粽ơ
ۣ̫ͨ˰ɣⲻϵ޽ģͨʹɽ޶޷ϵɽͬʱҲЩϵ鷳ʿ޷ɽҪɽޣ˵һٶá
Ѳżˣﲻðһͷɽϵƣһ󶴸ҲϵԼ޽ģһϾԽ޽
ԽԽϵ˴ˣõżҲûб˼ȡᲢķ񣬱Ǳ˵£ֲǿ
󶴸֮ڣһԴһɽһˮһ֣εΪ׳۵ĵطȻ󣬵Ҫ൱ȫٲȻһСһ㣬󶴸֮⻹һ󷨱ûпھҲ
ϵһ󣬽һĵãҲ̿żɽ˵ϣҪһڼƷƷ׵ıڣ裬Ҫ̫þͻỹ
ûɽЩ£ϵȻôΣݷԼɱɽޣһҵ֮ɽȴؿƿԼͽܵľˣûԳʵǿѹԼǰԼصҩ
ǫ˸Լ趫ƺ˵ȥҽ˻ܽһǿأϵҲûкֱӴԼָڷ첻ͬı˵㶦ΪǶʱзУɴ㶦ΪǬһƷʻȽϸߡ
ǫ½趦ʥ鷨˻ǿǷ񷽱㣬֪һڶƽʱõأ
ϵƽʱǬһΪ˱ʾԼĳ⣬ȴǰǬһ㡣˱ʮָˣһ˳ΨʱϵЩá
˶ҲҪˣԼպɽ黹ͣĸϻĳǡĳǵʱѾɫڣĳڵЩŹ֣ԭѹ֣ʱоѹˡ
ڵΪʲôΣնúԤƾḻľ飬оĳһɽ¥ա
㼱æϻͥԺ֮УµͥԺŮŮҲûϢϾȥһûлʮֵġ
㣬ҵ𣿡ŮͬʵǿгһСŮЦտ
һ칤ҵˣȻĽٻӹǬһȴ˵ⶦģ
ľҡҡͷƷأ󣬾ҲӦĲϲųɡ
˸ҲûаԼΪͻƵ˵ȴʵûзĳЩŹأһʱоܶڿңǱʶӣǱһĳһЩεĵط۾š
ŮҡͷǶû뿪ͥԺȻ֪ˡ
㰵ˣԼʱǴĴˣûκιܸٵĴʩЩڰˣĿԼĻӦþͷԼˡ
̫ܵصԼķ䣬ҲЩ룬ȴѰ˼׻Щˣ
ĴϣӦûûҲͱϾѣڵѾˡ
ôСؾܵѣҲǱϾѡ
˵ˣɲ⣬Ȼ˵άţһжɶҿĿżһкôɡ
˵˿ʼĸɱģ
ҵĵ˻治ٰ
ڴ֮ϣ㣬ȴ£ϾѾϾˣΪҲָͨȻҲǱ
Ȼűƿ󷨣㲻һ㶣ǵ˰ɣϢǱ룬Ҳ̫˰ɣû˭è߽ǸڷٲĽٻﲻݸһЦ
ѾͷѲɻŸľӣ̽˫װ˯װʲô֪
๫Ľٻߵĺһ㲻͵ЦѾͷÿҹ͸󵨣ƽʱǰֻԼ֣ڶԼ๫ˡ
Ȼоֱ۱ƣֱķ˸Ľٻֹ˵ȴ͵˯ʿӣǽ
ĽٻſĴ齱ϣĿ㣬ָ˴һ˷Ц
ĵҲܹ㶺ŪУҵûС
ַ˹һӴĽٻϣţôһأʮ㣡
ĽٻһæվղԼ˵ѩ֮ϣеᶶĽٻһ˲ͺͮͮģߵ˯˻ôʵô󡣡
Ľٻıӣ
͵͵пۣһС϶һ˫ѹ˫أ㾪ˣԼԶȻйװµİ˿Ӱ˫ѩС
࣬װɵ£ֱӰĽٻס䲻ֱѹϡ
ǵʮȻѹϣʮԣϮˣĽٻˣæ๫ѡ
ѹôĽôôѩ壬ôǶӲ
ûһĽٻ͹㴲֮ϣĻ֮ڣĽٻҲ֪һװ˯ģı۰ţȴһ˿ͷˡ㱧ţǵ˯ȥ
ҹĳǵĲ֮ڣõĴ֮ڣһϾʿ˽Ѿ鵽ǸĽݷˣĳΪƫƧһžͥԺ֮ڡ
ļթЦԸӣʧϢһʱر


2284 һɹ
峿ʱ̣ҹû˯ﱧŸĽٻô˯ţĽٻ˯ģèһ㻳Уǹһ˿ǳǳЦݡ
Ľٻķգ߲ת壬ظڻв䰡ģĴ顣
ѾĽٻɽ֮ϣһûε
ĽٻĺһȴǻûѹΪ֪Լ˯Ļ֮ڣ˯رȣоظЩҲĶ˶˳Ʊסֱۡ
㱻ôһֻѹˣ¸㲻ڸҲûĽٻҲ޵߽ò˷ܡ
ķ˯еĽٻѹ£ļ°ͣ׼ӣһ¡
ˣ̫ˡƷеĽٻȴûиһ֪ĽٻȻԼϣżýȢ֮ռֻڵ㣬磬Ʈµƣɹؽѣܻؼҡ
ôʵİĽٻ˴̫Բ˳ɫŮˡ
´ȥϴ˸ˮ裬Լúһ¡
ľҲ˸磬ӵǬһľҲΪպĽٻһеļƻԼĪҲɵļܳɹǾǰһɻĴڣ
ҲĽٻĵӣϾк񴫳У֮һе
ľһ׼øĶϤǰʵʱܶע⣬һصסҽתƵ̵ĵط
ҡҡͷһѾˣȥûɵĽֻ¸ҡû˸Ҷ֡
ϣľһ𾪣תһ룬ҲǲܣϾĸɱҲʲôСˡ
ʲôľݸһЦҺٻöˣһʵһʧҲû취ˡ
ϵʮѼƷɵһɵѾϾڣЩͿпޡ˳óʮѼƷɵҾ͵Ȼϣܳɹ
ľʮѷɵĬĬĽԼγһҪɹԲܹ
ʱ֣ŮҲ׼׵׼
صͥԺΧһ󷨣Ϳ״ˡ㲼ú֮󣬿ͥԺľڸǬһ¯һ˿˿º͵ҵۣ֮ͬʱĽٻҲһ֮
ҵ֮֮֮˲ǣۺϳһŵɫĻ棬ĸǬһȣ㿴ŵǰ֣֮ʲôںΪһ𰡡
¯¶ʮѼƷҲ˽ȥľŸ۽ѵͬʱĽٻҲϣһӡ¯֮СԭӦɱ¾Ϣ¯Ȼ쳣Ȼ֮ȫʩչһ¯֮ڣ
ƺҪʮѼƷ仯ʮ
㿴óŮŬΪԼŬһжô˺գ޺ʥˮ룬Ҳµ¯ԡ
¯֮ڣʮɫĹâһƮƮ˳ڣ
һо޾Ϣżд񡣲ûþʹ֮뿪ˣʮѼƷɵںΪһ塣
Ȼ»¯ʱʶ̾ʧˡ
ô㻹֪ʧˣȻȻͷ򵥣ƽʱϲһ䣬װ㼱æʵ֪ǿ˵ô°
ţûңҸҪ˵ţһǼ˯ɡٺһЦŭˣߵҪǲ˵ҾͰȥɷߣ
ǺһЦǸСϱ뷨Ƕˣʥ鷨ؼڴ졣ңǸʱʥ鷨˶ʮĴˡΪУϱҲܴﵽһ㡣ֻϧڣȻ֮ñǱĩá
ĥĥģ˵ص㣡㼱ʵﲻˣ
ԵĵطСϱԼȴҵ֮ڣȻٻ¯ںϷǲԵģӦֱӻת꣬ɷ衣͵ҪܽѵЩΪ跨нӽѡ޷ƭˡ
Ȼԭˣʵ˵Ҿ޷ʹõʥ鷨ˣ
ˣʥ鷨Ҫܿѵ㹻ˡ˭ܼԦΪԦķʽЩر𡣡
һ㶣رôر𡣡
ʱǬһ¯ͻȻһ죬һ˳ľĽٻͬʱ˶ɣѪ
һû뵽ʧ˻ҪķɡæȥĽٻĿ۽ǻһ˿ۣĵ˵㣬ңʧˡ
㰲ο𼱣˺úϢһɡ
һԵľڵϣű㱧Ľٻһʼɣסһ˺ѰʹѣĵĵΪʲôָоΪʲô
ʧ֮ŮԾܶԲ㣬㶼Щ̧ͷĸо
㷴Цǻһλ𣿡
ľйҲûô˰ʣһλˣЩʥˮҲء㵹ǰѺĻ˵˳Ůȼϣ
ľܳɹԺǿٳһµʥ鷨ĵ·֪ҵǻʲô롣
ڨЦǿ϶ΪԼû˼еɡ
Ů˵ϣԾָ߰˷֣׼¯ͥԺһ춼ڣȴǧӷ˸ϻҶкĴʮ⡣
ͬʱҲоʲôԣѵѾˣһ죬Ҳ
ʮַ꣬ˣôԼʲôأĿľǸ𣡻صشѪɱ֣һʮȽѾĴ֣ϾĴڣ
Ȼ˵Ϊģв㣬ҲԼǿɱﵡ
Ҷȷ˵̽ӲͥԺĸҶʵǸͥԺ棿û뿪
һŮӦǵģǴӽ翪ʼͲһ󷨣޷״
Ǿ󷨣һߵĽѾˣűһҲܵˣ˵ͽȰ˵ܻɣִֻҪ
ڽĵݣĳǲõʿȰҲ˵ʲôˡ
̷Ծգһ㵭ĹĻһɽֱӰ󷨴ƣ
һͬʥ鷨ľĽٻҲһ㼱æѺ˳ȥڲݵ֮ϣŮ˵Ҫţ˵
㣡㻹Υﶯ֣ϳ˽ģҲǿĴЦʲôҵģҵǳϣϡ
㼱æԾϰգ½ģȴǵһϾʿ
ո뿪ͥԺͻȻһȺˣǷ˵Ҷ𣿻лΪĴϣֱȡʥ鷨Ľٻ
ɭɭĴЦĽٻϷ򸴳ˣ


2285 Ϸˣ
ʧɫȻˣĻз˵ͬʱˣѵˣǿĵıҲܾȣƺû֣Ӧɺϡ
㼱æɶݻȥǰ·ȴǱĸûǳΪҲǱϾʵ֪޵ĲʱѵͬʱһѪ
㷢ֱһϾĸ֣һǰһİжôľĽٻƷǼ䲻ȫģ
ֻܰ˸ˣѰ˼Ͼͷ
㱾תܣ̣Ϊ㵨ӣЦܣܵôǰ׷
һߣѪҲʱ֣Ҷüͷһ壬ϵʰﶯ֣
Ȼ֮ãҶ׷Ѱķˣ
ڴΪŮû˱ʱȻһͷֱһҧסϣϾ
˻ĳǲõʿҲǵһϾצ⻹еô򣿲˷׷׺ˡ
һ·񱼣ĸʿϾôױԼܵģ㻹׼ԷǷӵʥ鷨
㷢һ֣æ£̲һĸϾʿȴţƤѢһ˦㱾²֮ѪҲϵҶ׷ҶϴҲ㣬ξҪնɱ
˶ΪֻбϾΪȴһ
һ󣬷˲٣ѾʿѽˣżʿѰ䡣ȻһȺΧһˣ
ɫҲͷųݾߣȻӽ
ʮ⣬ɽּôãڴɱ˷ɲǼȫһ̣սڣһѩǰˣ
ƺЩΧסˣҵģһܵĳХȫ֣
塢˫˫ͻȻһǹһ˲ƿŷɨΪ͵ϮҽвϵķҶʿֱĸзһĶ˳ȥڰ֮УѵѾͬһĸ򷭹ͬʱѪҵ֮ѹȶ
ҶǷӦ죬㿪˽ĵ͵Ϯ
ĿЦ͵һ𣬸һȭ̽Ҷɵĵ¡
֮УҶʶоԷĴڣɺϵûͷųһ˿⡣
Ѿһ˿пЦ⣬ŶҶӰص˵ڣҶˣһսɡ
ΪѾǱϾʱ򣬽Ѿ֮飬Լĵһǿ֣
ҶɭĿŽĵӰɱԷȻսܲս
ûˣҶŲȴƮƮƮߣվ£ɢһ뵵ĺɫȻѾȫҵ֮ӱĵʲôͷ
˫ָһɹ¸ߵĸַ緶
ˡҶ૵һ䣬ͻȻЦϴθĲʹ죬ʲô磿ҴԲѣ
ĵЦϾ۷壡ȡ֮練ƣϴûҪοɾͲһˡ
ҶͷܲɵҲոͻƱϾ۷壬õһѵķƷ
ɵӣѪڰЦҶ׷ɱȷʵͷͷİҶû뵽˾Ȼᣡ˵ҲǸ˷ֱһΣȴûзֳʤ
˵ĶԻҲʮɺϣ
Ҷ˫ֻſɫԽԽŨ֮УԽԽǺڵ÷ںڰ֮УȻǱ任һͨΪϴ÷׭򣬻Ϥˣȴʩչıˡ
ƺ֮Ƿ˲ָˣһ˵ĺڶԦȷն
һʱûʲôæˣͻȻϵһҶ֮УѾһڵĺɫ
ϾڣܳԶˣҶһЦ֮ͬ£Ǿͷ
ϻô˶ƨɭɭЦ
գɣҾ뿪طٸҴ鷳
һ﹥һչƵĶԹУ˵ҵ֮ضȴûʽС
˶ͬ뷨ֻҪκһƱƴ֮¶ƣԼͿ̵ʱڽս
ѪҲĶæűķȥıƬĳ⽼ߣԼķˣܿ滻ˣȵǸϾʿȥ׷ԼıʱٴδӺںĹľ
ܻȥĺҶĵطһˣʮֺЦɵȱںҲһ£ëҲ֪ôģˣǻȥĳǰɡ
ϻĳǣȴǷԼĵǶģźأĳǲõʿϣ˵ӵĸ죬ϾǶǱϾΪѣܸϾĺƴ
µľǸһǸϾʿԼսӰŮ۷ǰĶˣΪŮѾĽҪͷˣɰͿˡ
ʲôʥ鷨𣿡
ôܣǲ趼ԡ
ʿߵսĿľĽٻ
ϴθɽʥ鷨ĹǸﰡӡҲûб䰡
ʥ鷨ƺϢһ


2286 һʥ
ٴۻ˴ϵʬף̧̧ƤڣȴʮþˡϾһУǲԽĸ߷壡ĳǲõʿԶԶĿţһЩɢ޶ǲҿ
ɫ֮£Ǭһ¯ʱðɫŨ֮¯֮ͷţǬһҲǲͣĶľĽٻҲ˵ʩչ׶Ρ
ƫƫʱĺҶ˻ˣ㲻Ȼ˺ۣЦλ˴˼以˽˰
ͷһȣĽݷ㣬ʥɽûɱ㣬ҪĵķղźҶɱʱѾˣʱԵĳҲͷԷȡ
ղŸҶ˺ܾã𽥷ֲԾˣһҫ˺ڰ˲ſ˱˴ˣȻϴˡŭȻһ֪ǱѪһƸ
˼ææĸϻĳǣľʥ鷨
㿴ͻȻĽģȴǲܣ̧һһױֱӰҶץ˻ȽģҶ侲ˣʱȫͷųԱ߻к̾ᣬҶôȥƴ
ҪǰҲǲܵģ
ֱһױ޽˻ݺݵˤڵϡĸһȭ罣УȴǱ̧˸һ˪ǰ
ȻȻҶŷӦŵʲôʱͻϾⲻܣô죡ϴμ㣬ŻϾڶѣⲻܣ
ûҪͣҲ겻ɢȻִҪɱңҲ顣ָһһȥֱӰѽĵС
Ҷޱ飬֪ԼҲûˣȴŹȥţִΪЧʵռԶʱڵżķʹеļƭңһ١
Ҷ˿Ͼӵʥ鷨
ΪʱıƯʮʥ鷨ʮɢžǿϢķɵΧ˶ˣһʮʥ鷨
ҵ죬ôģ
ϢȻ󲨰
ҲعȥÿʮѷɵĽٻľŮϲЦݣպ˵ǳɹˣ
Ľٻһָָ㣬ʮʥɵ羫һΧϵķУÿһѷɵɢžӨǳɫĹâ˿ɷأɱУ˵ǹؼ汸
ɨһܣ˶סˣæɢû˸ٶ´ŭ㡣ɢȥҪȥŮͻȻзһˣ
ǽĴǸѪɱõĻոô
ʮȽѾϾ֣ԻصѪһһôã㻹Щ¡ţ٣
ѡȥѪÿθ˽ֻ֣ҪѪɱҲһʶʧһʿͻΪѾˡ
ʵ»ҪܳɱñȸţҲħޣɱ֮󣬿һ̲Ѫ̲һҵ֮ɱ
ȻԳⷽĿ
ѾҪˣ㿴ԣ˵Ҫô
ԲмѪɱõˣΪһһͬʿҲ̫԰ˣɱˣԵΡ
ĬĬĵͷǾͲϻˣϰɡ
ͷóһС˵룬΢΢һ㶣ʥ鷨Լ²ĹȻû⻨ΪϾȻӵʥ鷨ҺøղľʱûкѾνˡ
еС𽥱󣬲ҲȥϸС룬ľһɱһ޼᲻ݵĵ㣬ֱõ˱
Ȼ׸ӴһֱӰѷ뵯˳ȥ˿ʮѷɵơ
ΪֻҪͻƷɵļ϶ϣôϵǿбڣ˲䱬ըҪ
ˣһûԵͼķ뱻ˣ
һֱҽӲĽʶˣ
ۣԭúõĻͻȻԼʥ鷨ʶϣһΪѵǸǷ֮ϵİַʽı׶˾ˣ̫ʥ鷨ˣ
һУֱӰѻԵһҵ֮ɢȥҵ֮ĻԾһˡǰ󲻵Ϣ˷ܵĿʮѷɵ̫ǿˣ


2287 ʮʥ
㼸һ˲ʰѪɱõĻԣΧԶԶΧ۵ʿǿͬһ¯ʥ鷨жǿͨʥ鷨ֻͨıһ½
Ҳϼƹ˽ľĽٻƳʥ鷨ǿޱȣڲͬҪϢᴫ˺ͷˡ
Ҳ˲ôˣܶ͹ƣЩϢй¶Ҳ޿κεġڵϣջ˺ͬʱҲŮѾʮַʥ鷨ʮ־޴
ľһʥ鷨ɵʱ˶һ㣬ɫɷףԼĳɹʮ⡣
ҪʮѷɵȴͻȻⷨ޷Լȡôͨʲôʩչ޷ȡˣŮʵôԦ
㳢ʮѷɵǻΧϷ裬γұľĽٻһľȻȻ̫˼
ĽٻæֹٻһܼԦҪǻ˺ġʮѷɵ޷Ԧ
ľƵѵƵķʽͬҲᵼʥ鷨ĳƷҲ𣿵ҲǵһƣʲôرҲ֪
ʱ˺˵ģַʽƶɵʥ鷨ԶʱڵȷʽǼԦʽȴǲͬҪѯʺ𣬺ֻǵЦԼĶҪԼ˭㡣
òİҲûа취ֻԼˣŮҲʮƣǳһ⬣ã
ľǵ㣬˵˻״Ҳǰ˭㶼ҪšҾҪ뿪
úе˵˲ץԼרŶԸľĽٻĽٻڵΪлϾѣױϾʿץס
㷢ͻϾ֮󣬻һرǾҵ֮˵ҵ֮Ϊã
ڱ˻û
ѵǽϵ֮ϣı仯⣬ֻϾʿֱӰľƷҪľ氡ѵ֮£߻ûа취档
Ҳ˵ɣǵĵ˾ˣôһɶûõģֻҪһЩĪеɱˡ
ҪǬһõʦڵǿ͵͵뿪óͼָŵͼϵľܶ治Զļԭǵңܿ˲ڵΧ
ֵһоԦرʥ鷨һǵעһȤģرȺңڰ·ȻңҲߣҲܱǡ
ĽٻʵĿ㣬ΪԼһҪðˡھһӵȴǶľ̾˿סĽٻٻãҪһ뵽Ԧİ취ġ
ڵΪȷﲻ㣬׸ľ˵ҪľǱԼ㵣ġ
һЦԼѪָһһʶٴ֮ڣ˲Ѫͱ鶯ʶԱҲǺǺЦš
ƽʱ۸ң۸ҵѪɣһ̲Ѫˡٺ١
ĽٻƲƲ죬Ȼıˡ˵û÷۸һҲ˼־Ǹһġ
ŶһͥԺ֮ŮȻ뿪˵ڶһ磬Ų뿪ĳǡ뿪ĳʱֱ˸ˣЩҲûܸãϾ㣬һɶݾͰ˸˦ˡ
ٴɽʮֺ棬ʮѷɵܲܿסô췣أٴɽ֮ڣһ췣״ȫʮѻƵķɵˣһ˶ûţ
ɽһʱٵ췣ףɽϵҲ緢ĵ󶴸㡣
ϵ͹ϲϲǰʥ鷨һر𡣡
һ㶣Цƺ֪һЩ°ϵһЦĳҲϢģȻĳǱߵһˡ
ǬһһϵҲȤɣרɡлĶҲˡ
ǰĪϵæ㣬ǰ֮Ҿ룬ǰ˸ˣⱲδڶΣЩǰ
ϵʮǫ񣬻ϹˣҲֱӾܾϾ˼ҽһƷ¯ԼԼһЩС£ƴǡ
˵ɣܰģһʱ̫ҿɲɣҲ鲻ʱ䰡֣ʮִȵĴӦ
ģҲ޽ģżȻ̽õϵ˵ĺίˣͲµˣżϵռˡҲҴÿ˶Լ
ϵ˵һֱһ޷򿪣ΪΪ̫ˣҲ޷ƿĽơǰæбԸǰƽ֡
ϵС˵ţ֮ǰһЩΪжǸˣɱԽɱӵˣŻôģȻ󶴸ڵңϵпⱲӶ޷̽Ѱˡ
룬Ҳʲô£ܴ򿪾ƣܾߣˬĴӦǺðɣҸȥɡ
̫ˣǰϵæ󶴸ȥϵһٶʮðյģţΪãĻ죬ôϴξͲԼҲԼôˡ
ʵϵǶĶˡ
ϵһ·ŶߣһЩʯһЩͼڣһ׸֣ϼƾնɶˣǰĶ˹ƾͶԭĶȤ˰ɡ
ƫƫһ޷򿪵ңȷ˾ġ
ȫɽڲȫҿɽڲм仹һˮ̶ء
ɽڲƺɵü主ûʣеص׹һƾ֤Ľש·üƷԭʯͷ㿴ͿˮƷԭʯĶ
ϣܰſһһ͸𣿡
ϵ֣⼫ƷԭʯʲôֵˬĴӦˣЦǺǵȡӴܣǣʵָܻࡣ
һĶ˵Ǵ󲹡
վſڣеһرⷿţ̻ڶģ˿廹ʮѷɵһԵϵֻҫԼķѡ
Ӳһ£ϵʥ鷨һһʮѷɵͬʱһÿһѶʧȥ˹âȻʧɫ׷׵
ϲ⵹ǰæһѷɵպãȻԼӡ⬡
ôƣȻЩѣƫᣬƵ˵֪ô


2288 ֮
˵а취ţʱˣͷƻצ֮ܶණȴƫƫʲô˵ؼʱƫƫ˵һθڣ͡
ûлֱ˵㵹˵˵ôţżź漫пһ⡣
ɣΪżǱǱأ֮ţӦǸһƽĵĵطһΣյĵط𻺻˵ϴɽ棬ǴҾͻˡ
ĸ񣿡
ԵһҩЩ꣺ľƵĵĵҩںĵ־ĵҩ
ǵʲôã
֪ûгԹҲû˵˭Թ˵طĥĵĵطˡ
˼ǣΪΣգǸҩŻӡסԺʿӵĶ󴳽
ɣħЩζ˵ҪؿǷУһûᶪСҲԸ㣬ղŶʮѷɵʧȥˣҲ˵Ÿ˽ȥķɵǷԣҲǷˡ
˼˵ұҪˣ
ҲһǸСϱͺ֪ڣԺٸһͺˡ˵ҿɲ޳ðգǺǺǡ
һƣǣǲҽȥ𣿡
ϵſԥ˺ܾãĵʵǰҲûа취𣿡ʵ˵ϣңǴűĵطһĵĵط
˻ϵɵǰ˼ǣطһ֮أޱ
ҸղŻʮѷɵ֮ʧȥԣǱź档ɫȥóֻҵʮʥ鷨ɾҪˡ
ϵŵĲᣬԼǻʧȥʮʥ鷨ɵ᲻ɱԼй߰
Ҫ棬ֻ׷ɱǧҲ¡ϵţ°ͣǳĵĽţֹһǽȥһ˰ɣȻģҾ͸Ӳˡٺ١
ǰ˼ϵǳ׵ˣи̵ģʵڹⲻȥ
ѾҲ˽һż֮ŵкر𣬺˵ҲǾĥѣһ֮ţס
ϣ̴һɾ޴ķ֮һӲס֮ⷴȻоǰһڣʲô˽ȥ
ٴλعʱ򣬷Լһ¯֮Уʮ⣡Լʮѷɵ԰ɣҲʶˣĽٻǵ
ͬʱͷҲһЩ׹⣬ͻȻִ˿̵ԼȻһˣͷ׹ȻԼʧȴǼʹ
Ӧʶ磬һ˲䣬пܾǺܾúܾãʶ֮ڣʱΪرڣӳ١
ҪȥץЩ⣬ΪǶӵϢĽٻɢϢ
㼸ץȴץʱӣռ䲻¯֮ڣµ׹ԽԽˣԽԽˣ㰵⣬ȥ׹ԼԼʮܺʹడ
˿ͨһκӡ޷ƿҪȡʮʶʵڲܣ
ʱһһĹȥ棬ֻһ˲ѣڣ֮Ѿ˺ܾˣ
һ׹⣬Խƣ룬֪ⲻ壬Լľ磬Ҳ޷ıܵĸо
ƤأԼ˿ڣûһƤõģоԼҪȥˡ
ֻ֪ҪһȥԼпԶˣʶķ롣֪ЩĥֻǾʶȴ޷Ҫӱܡ
УһҪ֣ЩǼٵģһҧʹĥϸԼЩǵĵʹ඼ȥģֻҪԼ֡
Ѿץʮɫâˣ׹ˣԴټ֡
ڲ֪ʲôʱٴԵʶʱʵڵĴˣסˣ
ϲһץסʮʱʶڻص֮ϣ
͵ĺһ壬ϵĪʵǰоΣоΣоܰ
ΪʮųԵķɵ֪ʱѾԼΪһˣ
ЦϲͨʮʶĥͬʱҲõʮʥ鷨Ͽɡ
ʮû뵽Ǹʶ澹Ȼɹʮꡣ㲻ɵøпԼʮ꣬ǵָ͹ȥˡ
һ㶼ã
һѷɵĴĸ֣鶯Ʈݣһ˿ԼϵţɵоԼָһ
ϵԱ߿ŻĪƽûôŪʥ鷨أҫİ
ʮָˣ֮ãԼƿʮʥ鷨ԭҪ׼ԦҪװڱ֮ŵʶʱʮ֮ڣ㲻ͣץǣҪǣʮĿڸжʮʶ塣
ϵ̾ϣҾڵʵ˽룬ҪϾŽȽϺáҲͳˡ
ϵȻ㶼ȥûأԼӲáϵҲΣԭΪʲôȴԭ˶ɶǰĵط
ϵƺΣ㵹ʮָˣһõƷԭʯƿʥ鷨ջΪḻ
ϵ뿪ʱֿ˿ɽϵһƣȰĲǼߣ֪ı
壿ɻ
ЦһȻǷı壬ǷͶˣвʿ̽ѰûҳȻƾصϢҵ
ӻģЦɽûЩ콫ףƲ꣬ϵҲҪʧȥȻıϣҴǵõ˲ٶˡ
ʴȲ̫ࡣЩм̬ȣҲ޷ıԭ
뿪ɽ·Ĺ¼Ҳܿ촫ˣ
һ¯ʮʥ鷨
ϾĻԣʥ鷨սһϱʥ鷨£
ޱ𾪵Ϣ˵ʱı仯һ˲䣬˺ͷ˵˶㣬ľ
Ψ˵ĽϣԼĶӽĵʬ׳Ĭ


2289 ϵĸ
뿪ɽżԭ·ȻͼϲңԶǵĽٻɽĳǣȫٸ·Ҳһ£ĽٻŮ죬ҪҪ˵עٶǴΪӡ
㻹صػصĳǴһ죬˶֪ԼڣΪľĽٻڣҪ鷳ɡ
һ磬׼׵ſʼ뿪ĳǣһվկկһЩԸ˵ʿԷеһطկ˵Ϣƾˣ
կһ԰ˮø죬ҲԿǷһӵĵطһ·ۣĿĺͷԣǱĳǲõЩʿȴ޷ӵõˡ
ٽկʼٶȽ;ͷ羰żҲһЩɶݶʿͨͣ￴㣬ѹ£ҲͲˡ
һγԺµĻͷȴǱ׷ˣ֪ЩӲ䵥ģߣɱԽӿͷųԼ֮Ƿ׷׹ġ㳢˼ΣԲˬ
ĽѵӰ֮޴еߣһɱ¾ܱǿ磬ǶôĿɱԽ˼εģȴǴڵģ֮У򷨲ĴھռݱһС
ΪҪѵأ
̾ϢЩ˿ɱ֮࣬ҲûйΪѣŻ;ͷŹǡ
ԭΪɵȥկˣ·ͻȻɱһߣϾΪɫ£һɷǵģ̬鶼ϡóһŻͼ㡣
ˣԼʶ
ǽĵĸףףĵĻˣȻ֪Լˣʹ֮Ҳʹϧ̶еĹֱͨʵȥɽʱ򣬽׸յ
ȻɽָȥɽһɽƵϵ뿪ɽԭΪѾĳǣĳǴһϣ
ǵ׷ܣͻȻյϢĳǣָϻϻֱ֪Ѿկķˡ
Ľ׷һ죬׷ˡǺ֪ͷҲʶ㣬ϴˡ
׺ôֻһ㻹ŮͬС
üëһҲ³ԷӦ߲ƣʼ磬һ˭
԰ɡֱӱ㣬ȴôûоҵ֮
Ϊ޵ĲǽѵһЦǽ㣬˭
Ҷӣ㱨𲻳ɷɱġ׵ֱ˵⣬̧𣺡ϰɣΪǰһС
Ľף㲻ΪȻ죬˼ɣȴѾˡһʮѷɵ˲ϢƮɳܣĶ
׿ʮʥ鷨ҲһȻĳǲõʿ˵𣬵ܾòţΪЩʿԶﴫпʱЩľһӵʮʥ鷨
ݵϸ˵ӽĲɱģʥɽһСؾıϾʿɹ˵ˣħ
Ϊһ𣿡װУΪ˰ӱѾ˲ôˣ㲻ȶ֣
һһ޴ĹŽ˳ʥ鷨ƷȴǱԼҪöˡץһѷɵֱӲӲļȥ
䣡ʱ򣬵ضɽҡضѿһ϶֮Ȼǻ෴˻ָһѷɵҲѸٵķȥ
׹⿴ҫĹâ֪ЩɵӲӣĸӲӲƮĵܡͬʱҲٻԼķɽ죬죡ֱ˲Ƶ
һ֮յں浲һǷƷʵĲֱӱ˵ϣ
ͬΪϾķȴǸΪǿͬʱٴγ֣ʮѷɵ˵ֱȥһ·ѽ״˵ص֮ڣ
ƮƮ£ɵƿʥ鷨ʮѣǿʮѷɵһɱûʩչأͳʥ鷨ôܴùԼأ
ױѪԼˣΪ㲻ǱϾ˷Ѿ˹ʺͻϾԼľ飬ΪͻϾҲӲ
ɵĵԼĹƣзϵƣֱǱԼϵ
㿴ŵѪĽף̾˿ҾһɣӮҵģʥ鷨ͬʱʮˡҶһЩ
ô˵ĿľǼķɢ˵עȻǰעԼϣľĽٻѡ
Ҳ֪Уֵ˲֪򲻹ˣ׼СѪͷҲص뿪ˡ
Ҳû̫⣬ȴżȻָղŽ׵µĵطһƺСµģѴȡ˹ڨЦƽ׵һЩô
ʶɨⷢһţûУӡᣬƺڲţʮֺ棬ǵý˵˵ֵϣӵʵȨӵеŻʲôݣ
ĵһЩʯҩЩ㶼ϡ
ŷһȴ˲˻ίţ²²ˡˡ޼Ȼ֮ͷᣬƺҪ޼һԸˣʶһЩá
ȻȤˣȤȴͷˣ
˰ȫĵطʳһЩҩָƣɽԼĴûˣͬʱһ뵽滹кһܵţ¿ɵˡϢй¶ȥ˴£ԼҪùģ
׼æܶ淢ϢȻĸǰ֧Ԯһ˴Ӯ㣬һȺ˻ô
ʮҪΪѪɱõ˱ȻʱһЩǱȻģȷϢûй¶ȥ
Ȼû뵽ײϧ֮׵С㣬Ѿկˣ
ͬʱҲһȺկЩ˷δͬɫĻۣ٣ΪһϾЩ˺ܵ͵Ҳ˽ֱկ˸طס¡
֮ȴǶ㣬һңٶ¼
ʱոյկľɫԣˣû⵽Լ˶ˡ
㷢կʵһԴŶ򣬸ӱܽѵʿǰǱ޵ĵطԸӵĿʺϲ˽׷ĦҲһЩĵĹأǾǽƶ䣬κζԹ뿪կ˵
ҪկĴǵּл
Щص㣬صʥɽɽһﶼǸ𴦲һһŨ


2290 ҪҪô
կɼһЩ̷ЩǱ޵ʿ⿪ģһҪʮ⡣ｻ׵Ĳҵ֮ﻻ
˶Ǳܽѵĥɱ¾쳣ʹ֮ˣ˶ԽѵҲһų⣬ǱŽѵ㵹ǾΪıЩˣʹɽЩһܵӰ졣
կկһִկҶϾǶկƾͳΣʵҲ£Ķһֱĸо
㵽֮ŸоԼӦðԼ鷳կķҪ̫ˣկկ˵⣬ԷӭԼôҲֻܾ뿪ǡ
Ҫկȴûôףһ֪֮կһǰŻկկƽʱŲֻܼկ
һ߷֮ϣһΪƾõĵɼҹ߷֮ɹмϡ
ߺˣŵʿףƼ˾ȻǱϾʿǰ棬ΪҲˣȴŵģ
㣬կҲϻͷųϾΪʱ˴һôӵϾΪ˵ıæȥͨ
կ̬ӣ˫ĿȴǾ񣬵ʱ׷𾪣ƺҲй飬ȻҲϵǺˡ
ҲǵľжʲôЦƺλկ̫ӭҡ
ңңѵĵկԡկĪһƨǸոյõϢĳǵõʮʥ鷨
Ѫɱõһˣһ֮ʲôҲ˵ԼȥҲһ֮ɷڵءܲСĽ
˽ţЦǷģԭֻ·ǵŷʺңֻĳֻ»կܶ಻Ҫ鷳
鷳˵Цˣʵ˭鷳ֻ˵ҲңկΪȻЦЦϾɲõģ;д컯ʵ漣
ڨЦѵƺΪ׺ܶҪǿɱԷˡǵ˾ߵĲΣȴͲôˣҶȽϰϧԼСܶùֽܸѣ鷳
˾ԽߣԽ
㿴˲ΪȻȴɫҪɱҵͶȥˣȻλկΪȻҾúˣˣ
Īʺ͹˵ģ˭ܶԸӵʮʥ鷨أ鷳
뿪կկȻλկ˵ûˣԼͲصı顣һկΪǰկͺկǰկǸ˻ĵطկЩһϲʿǱ޵ĵط
Ǳ޵ʿͻҪΪͬʱ໥Ҳæɽ١㲻Ϊǵĸ߷ڶ̾ҪǶɽʧܣ
կҪһʸģҲկϲܽկ
㱾ҸõطʵǸݳ޵ͷҵĵط˼Ŵ޽һ®ᣬȴǷһͳһʿΧһϾ
ֱ棬ʮϾʿȻԼѲկ
㣿һòΪʵʿڶָʣʮֺЦ˵ˣҲ㡣
ƭңĻٵ
ȻѾ֪Ҿ㣬Ǻαôࣿ㿴ʮվλ佲ƺһ󷨣Ҳ
еʥ鷨һͷʿʮҪ㽻ȴǲϣ¶Է˶ڣ
ǲ˵ˣ磬ҲկˣƷ˵ˣʲôͷ
ѷǻܸһ
㷢ĲмҲ²£ôںʥ鷨ںҵ᲻αһ壿ǲǷƵʥ鷨ǸãƷǸǿҪоо
ͷʿ˵£߳ŭһУϻˣһӽʡñկ˷֡
㱻ƣæƵӱߣͻȻ߿ַӶʮˣ
οԴǷεӡóЩ˵ˣȫǽк£ӦþѪɱõˣонף
㾪û죡
˵ͨһһأƬ̹㣡Ҵ׿쳣ĽţȥܶѪɱóͷһͨûǾͷ
˽ΪԼСǼԵ
һǰһ󱻼йˣԼЩû뵽ԷôԼȻô࣡ͷƤ顣
˵Ѫɱ˵ľһЩɱ¾ǽѪɱȥ죬ʧ֡ϵ˵ҲмһϾѣһѪƮǧ
Ѫɱõ˿˿Ϊαˣ˫˶Է˼Ŀ㣡
ѪɱǴţαǷᣬǶԸ֮ǰǴģʵ˽ʮӮˣȻȺлᡣ
ԽȻѹԽ
üͷҲ֪ԼܲӵõϾһʮ˰Ͼӵʥ鷨
ȻЩģֵûôƵᣬ߸߾֣ʮѷɵವķɶϸ߿գ˶̧ͷȥ䱸ΪҪʲôһ̣
ˣ
ЦʮϾôѪɱõЩˣһ֪˶ģҪ㻹£Ǳαˣ˼ȥǸϽɣ
ֱ˲ǧ֮⣬ʮѷɵҲת˲ѪɱõһϡҲƺʮֳӦԾ飬˲Ƴͬʱʮλ÷ֱͬʱԼʥ鷨̼һ̶ռ֮ڣʹ޷ѡ
ߣѪɱã㱾ͨҲһֵǣϣΪ׵һ£ʮ˷ӵϣ㾪ķ֣ǰα˸ˣ
Ǻ£ĺ°
ʮַɱиͨʮѷɵ壬ǳսȴ˺ֺ
һɱ֮ѪɱҲ׹ûôѲģֹҵ֮С
üëһҵ֮Уѵǲ֪ԸϾʿҵ֮ͼûôοϾ
ԣĴɻǶͨʿ᲻֪ô򵥵飬϶ʲôԼ֪ģ
㿴ʮΧԼϵҵ֮һţһУ㣬ն㶼âҵ֮еѹȣλòˣѾƵ·ˡ
ǿռĽ磬һճţȻ޷ֻۣӲӲˡ
һУһѷɵ׼Ӵޱȵĺҵ֮Уɵһ˦߶һҵ֮һ˷ɵֱȡ㡣
üëһף˦ŰѷɵͬʱŸѪɱõʿ
缤ɢ䣬Ǿɲܲˣƿҵֱ֮㣡ͲˣԼķٶȿǼģһ˲Ӧ˲ӱܣǶô
ۣڼ޵ʱ̱ܿλã
ȴҲΪͰѷɵҵ֮дУȥЦҵ֮㷢һŨŨҵ֮ȴֱӳ塣
㲢ûиоһ˿ʹȴˣѲɻʲôرĺ֢װ㼱æҼһ飬Ƕûʲô߰
ɻʵұܿ𣿡


2291 սʧ
ôܣѪɱõ쾪Уôû£
ź㣬ѪɱõҲˣҲĪЦϾ֮ҵ֮ʿѾûʲôˣοһϾأ
Ѫɱŵܣǵҵ֮пɲһĳģǵɱҵ֮һʿУôҵ֮ͻᱻǵɱӶ塣
㲻壬ҲܡһҲӿڵʮоˣչͨѱƸֹסˡʥ鷨壬Ҳ˵˲ָܻƣΪ㱻һͷˣɽͲѵһ˺ûС
һֱоϾǶǺɢųģ
Ѫɱÿ˵ǿˣƴžŸˣ˲һëΨһοĵطǰʮѷɵˣ
µѪɱþ˽ãʥ鷨ƣҲֻѪɱ֮лζѡ
Ѫɱαʿţ޷£ֻܸɿţѪɱҲǽϣӲȥȻСӶҪǸɱˣʱ򷨱Ҳȥǰһˣ
Ϊ׵ҡҡͷҿδأ㿴״̬ƺãһ㶼ģѪɱȻоԵĿռ˸ͬʱҲ޷ʹ÷ֻƾʤˡѾ˾Ÿˣʣδܴù㡣
׼Ѫɱƿʱ͵Ϯһɱ˵СЩŹ֣ûѵϵҵ֮ģ
˵֮꣬ͶˣһУۣϵһָͷר˵Ǿ˴ȥʣû˵Ѫɱʿȴûаæֵٳ
ϣѪɱһѼƷɽһնԶԶƿռֱննвĵǱƿĿռ䣬Ŀռ䣬ôͬƽ뿪
ƱҪĽ𷣣ܶҲ˼أʱȥҲ˵
ֱӺһһУһױУֱӳȥһ˵Ѫɱʿһ׾һܴױ޴˹ȥ
¡¡ɲǼʧͬʱըҲǼ죬ֱӰǸʿɣȫʧȥսûԼʥ鷨ڵء
ʧȥһʥ鷨֧ţѪɱЩͬˣһѪɫֵʮѷɵҲζøˡ
ѪɱüͷҲչƣ̫ƮˣҲû˵Ѫɱʿרŵȴźʵʱ˵ĸˡ
Ѫɱõ൱Ѫɱüɹڿռ׷㣬֮ͬУ˵׷ˣ׷ǽףҲ׷
ģѪɱѾ޷άˣǲɫѪʧ֮ʮѷɵݺύֱӷѪɱˣ֯һԱеĽǶȣ֮¹ᴩ˵壡
ƮһѪ次
ʼϲǣα˺Ȼ֣Ǳ͵ϮʮԶԶļԼʥ鷨һͨ󷨼Ԧ
ʮʥ鷨ͬʱŤһŹâֱӶ׼󱳣
ע⣬Ҳû뵽Щ˻ô޳ܣȻ͵Ϯʮ͵ϮԼһˣҪҪ
ʹ˶ҧɫӣֱӺǵâˡϵһɲǣһѪ
ڰ֮ҡҡ׹ҲǽˣҲסˣɵϵʮ
ǳϺܿͶˣæѷջ
ʮôƿضˣҲ֪ǹؼʱ̣˫գ־ҲΪһ壡ʮ
ǳܸоﲻԣɴ˷ֱ˲Ƶߣֱָһĵһ죬һŴƻը죬ض𵴸Ѫɱʿ޹ֱӱߵѹˡ
ȫʮʥɵĻƱ
ͬʱҲ̷ҩϵĵϢղźһײҲ쳣ܣλҪСҪͨŵȹǣˡ
ʱƣƱǣһΣյϢˣα˶ûҲ֪ӵе
ʶԼʥ鷨ɵʱѾ̫ˣѾ˹ȥˡ
໣ղŽڽڰ˵ľ˿ѾʮˣαҲæɢ󷨣˷ɢݡ
ʧȥ˷ǽѵ滻ķǵΪҲûˡӿֱһϢֱӰЩ˸˻ҡ
㳤һǴӮˣЩҲ̫޴ˣȻʰԼЦǺǵ⡣
ϣͻбѪɱõ캷Ȼ˳Ѿһֻ֣ƼأһɫϢķɵɵ˺ɫϢƾͺò
Ѫɱ˿ԼƣԼķһŰֻƴԲ飬ԶԶļ㡣
㲻мһ̧֣ʮѷɵַɳ۶ֱۣӰѪɱ˸ѡ
óϵľǺ澹ȻˣףһֱصĽף
Ҳ̵ùˣԭߵˣϾַԼαȥأͶˣҲ
ͻȻѷķ˳ȥҲ¶˿׺ôҲϾ뷢Ʈɣֱӳȥ
ޱӴŽֱ
㻹ǰ׸ˣͻȻޱȾ޴ĹŽæŤһ
䣡޴ֱӰѺ˵ϣضȥˣһѪһͬ尡ˣ
ѪҧһУʮѷɵŤһߣγɷɵɱ˲Ϣ򽭺ף׻ԼĹŽֵܵһ£Ȼȥɱأ
ˣγɽɱʮѷɵǷʮֱֹӰѽ׵ĹŽҲֱӽɱ
㼱æջغһѪ
ߣΨһһͷ״̬ʵ̫ˣʱʲôˡԸΥոҡҡλεվӭʿϾ
˲կĸկмһŮӣѵկ
ЦԼȻûиоҵ֮ӣѲûɱԼͷҲѾû˷֮˹ȥ
˵һ֮ôϾʿ죬Щҵ֮Ǿˡ˵꣬Ͱȥʿðʵҵ֮мѪɱõʿûҲ˳ֲ
Īʾϲһկƽ׵ʮϾˣկôҪҪҪˣ
˶Ůӣƽҡҡͷȥɡ


2292 Ȼ
ʱ򣬷ԼȻûܵκҲһ㣬ܵĻһʴ֮ϡϼկԼϾΧôŨòҲ֪կˡ
󣬺ڣû״ԼĴҲڣû뵽կ˶ԼŴֱţԼ
㲻߶ʮһ̴Ũѵõһʥذ˶о鶯ϵҲ𽥻ָͨ任Ҳ˳ưָ
Ҳ֪կʲôĿģԼܹҪԼİɡ鵹ʮֺãΪ׵İ˵עסˣαˣѰ˼ľĽٻӦ˳ȥ޼ԭ
ˣһĪʵĲʵѣ˯Ŀɺã
̫ãܹ鲻ɡ˵ɡ
ĪЦǺǵŶ룬˳׼һ·һߣѴʮϾʿҪ򰡡
˵ЦˣֻҳկСͲˡկǶҵֻ֮¸һ㳯ĪգգۣʾѾıƭң˺ôǰɣ
ǺǺǣǶǵʱæѣüȡأĪȻװͿڸȥƻ֡
ҲϵϵģҲϡ¶ۣʮֺ˭׼·ô
ĪҲ֣ΪʲôկҪԸС׼һ·أկƽʱ˲İʵկѾ·ˡ
ĪʴȤկΪ׼ģ˵ǿӴ
һæҶ˲Ȥѹұץһ¶ûУû뵽կȻȤͰãУɷɱ裬ȻǾңҲ
ĪֻĪ͵կŮġ
ŮģޣҵˣεǰһŮģӸ߸ߣǰ͹̣ǳȣ飬ʵˡֻǲ֪ŵΣ㻵Ц̫ѿ˰ɣ
ĪĿɿڴһȻկկͷ㣬ҪǴȥ֪ҪկĽߵĿˮ
կˡĪ˵һһŮӣʹ˵ŮӣԶŮ񣬲ʿկΪһկķݡҪǰկĿʾˣǺ̫ˣ˺ܶ鷳Ŵɴġ
㶶·̾կҲ̫ˣϲ
Īûկֻǳǣӣһ˶ô֣ܴӮˣǿߣǶϲύģҲԩ޳Щ˾ʱصرܿկɼ㲢ƻ
ЦЦɲܱԻˡ
ȴǺĪȷûκҪȥկկһ仰㡣
ǸŮկӺˣȻ˵կѬڣԶˡǾԼͬڸΪУǲò飬ΪλŮկҪôأ
ܲΪկδ룬Լ֮ôļֵ
ĪãĪʱʾ㻹뿪ϢóԺúȵĶźš
죬Ҳˣʼסˣٵȥ˵˿ܻɱιֻ಻١㲻αҲԸԼ
ǸʱկȻͿ̿
żȥŮկҪˣ߸˵һлɡ
կʾƽҲկկһǱޣֻնɶͻȥϼһŻ¶ѡ
㲻ɵᣬʾҪߣֺȰ˵£ҲȰ˵ˣֱһһλã㣬ߡ
Ҳ׼㲻ᶯ֣Ҫˡ
ǸᣬԼߣҲԼʲŮկΪΣڵ֮ⲽȻ뵽ʲôֻǲԼ߳կѣֲǲԼկ߶
ǡǵ˼կɻ˾䣬ϼһһ룬һȲ裬ش⣬ЦЦ
¶ˣڿԼ룬˼ҺôǾԼһҾҰɣҲǾ͵͵ˡ
ҲЩĪȻرկȻҪԼȥδЩŹ֣ʶԼأ
㿪ʼկѰկŮҲ٣կ࣬û߼ܿһˣƺԼһȻסˣ
Ȼи߰ݣۻûկôϳܲһƿɴɣ
üչЩǹģԼ鵽ز㲻ò˼ŮկĶˡȻôĵˣʵϾͷ£ôȻ͸¶ʲô
㿴һŮӣҲͬĿԼʲôر𣬾Ȼկڽһϣô֮ҳկ
Ѱ˰죬ӲͷƤȥѯʣԷɴժɶŮ޾ǲɣһ²˭ӡ
Ǹ޲ôչЩŮĶɷڵأ
Ѱ˼ţѲŮկԼԹԼˣԳ˵Ȼôġ
Ϥ˻˭أһĥ磿أƺҲЩŮоˣǰܺ򲨺𣿺ֻ»ֻǻϾѡ
ѲԻϧ
󵨵룬᲻أҲץǶΪ׷ѰԼӵ߱ȵһڶƽʲôҲ˵׼
ԻϧЦòĿ찡ΪԼиԼǣϵŮӣǵ˵Ŀأ
Ҳ˾ҽŮ˵壬вͬ͹ĲִСһ̵ƨҲԲ꣬е⼸ŮģѷһĿɶһһ˼ɫ
ƾ˵ӡʼˣ߹Сţ߹ĹȣߵﶼУ޹˼ɣЩŮӶ˸飬ڷһϤıӰ
һ£һϮɫŷ˵ıϼޣϵطۺɴȹ޴ɴбһĵе㣺üԶᶣ޴ŨȾ̵ζ
㿴վһ£Ҳ֪ʲôǱӰϤˣ
ǲԻôϲԼôϤˣ
ɴ鶯üȵˣʮֵϤɻĺԻ
ֻŮӾĵͷ
ǻһѹկկҪԼԭԻ㾪ϲޱȣæǰԻ㣡̫ˣ̫ˣ
ԻȴǾ֣һ籡赲ס㲻⣬ΪʲôԻҪѲԼĴ٣
ʵ㻹ϵҡ⼸㶼ʲô
ԻӣҧӵĿ㣬˲ôܣԼ׷ҲǳԾͷЩص㣬صȴԼõѩŮĴ֮Ѱ㼣Ѿкݶ֪ˡ
ԻܲζԭΪկɹ㾹Ȼ򲨺ˣ·˵Ե֣
ԻߵôأôķʮҶӮ㡣
ɫ΢䣬ôԵѵˣԻʲôѽ


2293 
ֱƽһԻȴһƺԸվһŪĪģԼһ죬ڷ㣬ָèè˰
㽹˵Իʲô㵹˵֪ҷҲƽжཹ𣿵ʱҵΪָϾѣȴǱ˵ץȥ˸Ƭ½Ǻ򲨺ġ
Ի΢΢һ֪ԭҲԼҲǹԼ򲨺ɲѰģʱҲǻϾѡ
򲨺֮Ҿ뷽跨ˣ˻˲ˣĿĻҪѰϧ䣬֮Ҹϲ˯ˣȻ˵Ϊף˯˯ν˯Ļεǡ
ƴıԼ飬лȴǰԺߵǣ㻹ϧҲŮѣ
ң뵱ڵ򣬷ǻ˲ŮӣԻ˼뻹ǱȽרһģССĳԴһ
ֱƽһڵĿҲѰ㣬ֻΪʥ鷨Щ⣬òͬǱ·ֻҪ˵ܶ棬ܻл鵽
ߣԻõĺһȴǺЩϾ֪㻹ǽԼģһ뵽ԼԼĵ飡Ī
ھŻʳйϵŮӣȻ˵ûһ𣬵϶ٲˡ˵һԳδ޵Ĵڣ⻹ˣУܾͺã
ԻǾվţ΢΢ͷ㣬ںܺãһ˺徲ȥĺ֪ˡ
ȻԻ˵ĺƽܲ㿴ԼڳԴ׶ôеĻлأ
ţô֪˵ģŮģһĥ뵽ԻҲͨǿߣȻ㲻õʲôʵϾѾˡ
ôһԻҪһڵ飬ǲ̫ѵģֻԼ򲨺֮һһ֪ˣӦǳԴװɣ
֪ʵھŻʳҲԻˣȻôôأ
̾˿Ȼ㲻ңҲ֪һˣ㿴һǿ϶ǿңһҪˣֻ˵һлͬʱϧ
㣬쵰ԻʮĹҪɴס㿴ǽ߿ɰı顣
һ¿ˮ̵ӣðɣȻ㲻˵ֻȥܶˣȻڵˣҲҸɵܿ㰲ȻҲ޺ˡ
ԻˣԼû㣬ѰϢѶϧϢôƹˤģֻҪҶѡ
˵ŤͷߣߣһߵھŲʱԻڰ಻סˣյ˦ϸһǽȥ·ס
һϲЦٺٵĻعͷʵԻҾ֪㲻ߵģٺ١
Իֱţ֪̽ԼȴǻϵֱߵԻǰЩܵģߣԵֹȥץֱۣͬʱ˵㣬Ժ߲ץˡ
ԻİԵסˣ治Ҷˣ˳ưԻӸɴĿ԰׵ףˡ
ԻĵͷĺߵΪ㣡
Իķգ֪߶Ưӣǲǣ
ңҲŲأԻʱͲˣŭƿ㣬ߵǸĽٻȷҲ١Ҹ˵
ԻҪߣֱ§סС뻳УЦҪԴףľٻҾˣûǣһҲ߲Ҳҡ
˭Դף㰮˭˭ȥԻ˸ʵڵ¼֮ҲǶľĽٻܸмģΪ֧֣ߵ죬ľΪʥ鷨ӹΰ
Ůǰ಻סһЩɴס
Ȥ˵Ұ˭˭ȥⲻˣԻȻĶһֱڵȺ㣬û뵽Լûа׵ȣڵȵ
㲦Ū㷢Իӣ͵һڣŵԻһȴ޷㣬ֻ÷ȭ򣬻ɫ
ǵԻʱͻȻԻ촽쳣䣬ôˣ
Իͷһţæƿ㣬û¡
ȴǸƶԻ״ղһǣԻһ¶ȶûУǲͬѰģ
ȻŮӵļЩʱһЩǱʻů͵ģڵԻȴȫôһ°
£ԻŲò㣬ʵԼҲ֪ԼδáԭԻͨ߱磬ȥˣֻϧģ֮⣬ȴûκŵ㡣
˺ܿΪһЩʿ
ԴҲǾļصĶŮֱ˳ˣȴֲҷɢԻڵʱõţνʦţпˣԻȻżһЩʿװɳŮҵĶЩ۵СʿԻǿӦ
˵ľ
һɽ֮УԻ˱ѩŮżͨ˿飬˴У
Ҳһ鷳Ǿˣȫ䣬ĽٻУԻʵ״̬ġ
ԻկϾӵбѩŮĴУͻͽ˵ĴУʹΪ죬ҲկһկУկկ
Щ֮ΪԻˣҲΪģԻظҲɬĵͷĵ˵㲻ţû
ѶķԻ֮ϣȻϢˣǵȷԻ˵ûȴ֮ϡ
Ҳû˵ص飬ʵˣֹѪ𣿡
ԻҡҡͷҪֹѪѪҲģңŮƽʱҲûˡ
㲻ȻȻȹ£뵽һˣĽٻĻӦܻԻϢɣ
Ի֣ģҲһֱģѾ뵽취ˣ𣿡
ԻߴĵͷѾˣ˵ûЩʼɺͳԴףǻôŮӡûϵˣ֪ﻹңҾˣ˵ʲôҶš
ݸһЦֺһҡ
ΪûҹңҾһҡԻߴ㻳Уԭҵһֱңٺ١
εͷѰе£ڵȷ˵Ĺϵ
ԼҪôȥάּŮ֮ĹϵȻѾԼˣǻ̫Ůϲˡ
ܿͲȥˣûء
ֵǱȻҪ뿪կģδԻϲ̵ĹסĲӣŬСˣĸõ˶ʮϾʿҵ֮㹻կһԾΪλȻĴˡկּУ˲вġ
ͷ£Ҳò֣ԻԼѡͰŰɡ


2294 ;׷ɱ
ʲôկҪߣλկԻҪ뿪оĪôֱӰկկˣ
ʵ֪֮ǰʶˡԻʵҲֻ֪ͨѣĪʺ͹˶կźѡ൱ϵʸԻû֮еκһˡ
ǰկ֮յһŮӷկλϣ˸ܰկһЩ
Īʺ͹Ȼеϧկʧȥһǿĸ֣Ҳܸıģ㻹ԻǶ£Ҳֻ˵пճǶֻ֪ˡ
㵱վʹԻ뿪կһկϸӶ鷳ҲһĽٻϡ
һ˵˲ԸѪɱʮʧн׳ϵһûȡ˵˶ǲĵġʵҲ֪ǵĿˣŵѾˣԼ˵˵ȥ˹Ҳš
ѾɱʮѪɱõˣҲֻ֪һ·ߵڣҲ£ԻǴͨҲǰ벽Ͼ
ʮһѣͻƽѵļޣϾʱʿɶɹ˵ܳΪĴڣܼ
ȻЩǴഫ飬ʵϣôż˴УҲ˵˺ܶ飬Ҳģжǿ󻹺˵
ֻԻǿѾһʿĻȻǾ񾡳ץ㡣ӽ׵֮еϤҪ޼ҪԷ˶֣ǻֲ̫ྫ
Ͼʧ˾ûˣƻʧܣҲǺܲġ
Ҳڶģȥ޼ԭ·ϣҲʮҡ±˲ʶƵģ˺Щϣʥ鷨ܵҲĿ֮һ
Ի֮ĵھ죬ȴ鷳ˡ
ǵ˵ˣȴֻһһСβ裬һεˮɫĹװЦӯӯһӱ˵ȥ·
СҧűǺ«һľϣЦλ£һ벽ϣһϾ֮޵еĴڣȻƵ·
ԻЩΣųģһиʱദˣÿľͺһҸ
ͻȻ˳ǸС˵£ԻȻˣߵ˭ΪҪǹ
ߺߣСͻȻŵЦΪűǺ«˵ȷʵЩȣǻûһΪ˵Ծ㣬ôĶ˵֮ڣˡ޼ǱߵҲʶˣ㡭ţƯ㲻ڣҲܸȤ
㷢СͲԼϢҲ֪ΪΣôͷӦò򵥡ָһӣһ״˹ȥ
ɲ̽ףˣǱȻˡ
СŮָһȦֱ׷ȥ
䣡һըѣ㿴ԼֱȻըˣѪܵġԻʧɫŭдҸƴˣ
㼱æסԻ̽ˣ嶯
ǣˣԻʮַŭȭͷСŭĿʾʱҪֵӡ
ֱӿżɽʵ㻹˵⣿ܲǿǲˬҪǴɣҿɲôеˡ
ߺߣ˵ɽ֣Ͼһ·ɱΪͻͽ˵ʯǲɱĺܸˡ
㿴Сһ߿űǺ«һбԼλߵķ緶
ȴЦҪɱȣɱȥΣҿ˵ѵĲԵĵط˵ЩĪ
ٺ٣ǸˣҲôʱڴӻϾͻƵϾļǱһӶﲻġҲ룬ʲô
һ֪أ˸ӡ
Խɡ
ɣǸ֣ͨȴ򵥣㰵Լ£ܸоɲ򵥡޷Ϊ׷ţԼʥ鷨顣
ǺǺǡɿֱЦͬʱҲѳԹıǺ«һˣش鱨˵ôҿôһ㡣
ԻС㣬СҵһŹ㡣
ɲΪ⣺һСά㡣
㲻õüͷҵˣ˵Сĵ㣬Ȼһ㸶ۡɲŭЦƾŭˣҲ̫㣬Ϊ˵Ϊˡ
Ȼ˵˼ƺԼ˼ܾ˼ûȤΪ¡
ûеѡҪôҵСܣҪôֱӰѻſҧرء˵껰һɲǣͶˣʮѷɵ̧ͷ˳ȥŤһߣϯȥ
üͷһ壬ֱ̧һٵĳʮ£ʮѷɵȫķɣ
㿴Ŀɿڴǿʮʥ鷨ŤһţǿɲһһŻǣھȻͽ֣ɵķɵ˵жǿ
ѲѾϾˣֻǻûжɶѡ
ԻҲüһ˸ָһű˪Ǳ˪֮ƻʮʥɵһУҪɱ顣
ȻҲ΢΢һ㶣ȴͻȻ˲ƣһԣûиӲӣ˪֮ڱĽ֮ϣ˲ƭط˱飬δʮ궼ڻˡ
Ǻǣ˲õı°õ˴СĵЦҪӮһǲܣ
ûô֪Իҧгݣ۳˶˪ѩ˵ҲǺӿ֡޷Թġ
ӣЦҡСָߵҲ̫Сˣʵ˵ҿ׼ˣٺ٣Ѿͻ˽ѵԦǲ˽ⲻ
Իһľ㵣Ҳ֪ڴţŻˣȷ£ǲΣѾȻѡʮֲģܹԼķֵܵԼķ͵ĹȻأ
ৣͻȻɵβˣʶһɨȴǴӲǿƲһֱֱۣӴѸٵ˸һѸٵŲۡ
ģֱӴƣ
ɵĹ˲͵ǰأֱӺķ׭֮ȴûдƣҲǾȵһ
㵹ǱֱӴˣ
Իæס㣬еʵ㣬ôҡҡͷʱˣɿЦѹһ·ߵڣǿĺַҲҪһС
㲢ûΪһ޶մմϲΪ׭֮Ǹ״̬ͷŵģûĵطսԽãԽҷ׭֮ǵܵγɵĽ²ų˻һĴڰˡ
üһԼ֮Ĵ֮ԴܻԿһʿԷûа취ԼĴ֮ǶҪС
΢΢һ֮࣬ȴЦˣаСָ۳һŹâȻĴ֮˲Ƶ㲻Ҫǵ֮£иʧôΪǼӰ졣
ֻ֮۸һЩûʿͬڵʿȴǰ첻ˣ
棺һС˰ҵ⻹࣬Ҹõˡ
ɶ㲻ģԻŭ۱˪֮ܵĻѾѩƮǧӴıѩԻУ˿̵ĻǱѩŮָһű˪֮ƴ


2295 £
ࣵһԻֱһű˪ϣͻȻһŹâɿаЦ˸ȻǶ㿪ˣ
Իһű˪ȴַ˻ͬʱɢпɲϵ˲ƣ翴Ӱ޷ȫץõ
ĵֶɵλãԻ޼䣬ԻҲɵλã˲ٴν˪ɡ
žȴƾ˵ĬֱӴɣԻ˵̫ˣˣ㣬ϻͦõ
ͷղûκԽǶ޼䣬׼ĴɣҪܶྭ飬ʵսģȻԻЩҲǰ׹ġ
ɱ˪ס֪Щ˴õģͺĽٻԴϢһǴ֮Գ׼˵Ҳ޿ɱı˪̡
˻ûüˣǱ˪ʼžžķ˶㵵ıͷȻǿʼѿˣԻ𾪵ⲻܣ˪֮֮Ȼôƿ
üͷ˿˵Լ׼ҲпˡȻһѲĽɫ
žɻһ˪ɢ˳ǿܲˣɫȻǿȷҵ֮ʶ֮мæѯʺ𣺡⵽ô£֪
׼һѾɶˡʲôر򲻹ģҼҲ򲻹
ô죿ֱţЩԼôһԼأɶ˶ϵı˪ѩЦò䣬Ŷˣʵ˵Ĵеȷ׼ˣǴӮġ
Իأ࿴˿
˫ֱأӸµĿŶˣвЦǵ˵˵ǴأǼ翹ĥҵӴ
ۣԻ˸ɫͬʱŤͷܣڵ˲ƣһҲں׷ϣƺܵԻı˪Ӱ죬жЩ㣡һʼЩͣǺҲˡ
üͷųƴһֲ뱩¶𣬱Ͼ֪˶ˣһϢֻֻΪԼӵһͷѡ
˼ȥͻȻͣԻһæʵ㣬ˣ
ҡҡͷŽӶɣ̸һ̸Բԣ
Ȼԣϲüңˡ
ѵôʢ룬پܾʵЩ顣ԻĹ죬⻰˵ģǲҪԻҲ֪ȥδȫˡ
ҪԼ£
°ͣʵ˵ɣҿеҲֻǵʵ
ϵһŻͣģ˵ţ֪˻ᣬʱѪɱʮ֣Ͼĸ֣Ǿ˵һʧһ취˲ȱ
ǿʵɲȡº͵ֶ£ԼԻͿԿóһĳ⡣
һܻɣȻˡ
üͷƺ̫ˣһ뵽̣һ·߸ͽǰʥɽʱ򣬽ǻϾڶѡɶ뿪
ɵͷҴӦ㣬ҹؼʱҪǿĸ֡ʲô
ҵİµΪ΢ܶ㶪СҪǸ˸ҳ㿴˿ԻҲǷļû뵽㲢㣬ǵΪԼ
Ի뵽Լϧ磬İ綼ʮֻ̿֡Ҫǻ飬ӵÿ죬ֻѾһѿݹˡֻǵɫĳˣԻȻǵá
Ǹν˵˭˵ҽǴáУԻļֵҪһϾʿǿö࣬Եмֵ£
нġԻһķŭ
㵹һ㶣ģѾˡҹ鷳ҪɱңԼˡ
ɺǺһЦãڶѾˣɡ
Ҳ룬ǣϣҪҹʥ鷨κ飬Ը㡣
ЦˣҶʥ鷨ĵ˿Ȥ㰡ǰװ˷ǺǺǡ
ȤЩ㵣Ѳӵиǿķɣⲻϳ
ǲΣѾЭ飬ԻѾɵˣɷǰʵǷţû͸¶ȥɣ
ûҸȤô͸¶ȥأ
һߣ˵ˣ˭֪᲻ΪѪɱõ׷ɱ߳ŭ㣿ΣЩҪҪǻʮ죬˻ʱ޼˹ͬԸˣǿ
ʼ磬ǲֵס˵
԰ǵȻˣǼһһǸ׼ˣǻһ㡣һסٶȻɱ˵ʿ
ĵͷⲢʲô鷳£˸ɷ˵ܶ档޼ԭϿȴԼĽٻľֻ̾ϢһˣֻæЩȥǻϡ
˵ܶڸ߿գһĵͽʿڵĵ֮ڣĵֻǱϾʿܽ롣
ĵ˵ʿ⣡
ǶΪԳȥʰ㣬û뵽ȻˣͬʱկŮկ
ˣԻҲûдɴǾĽݣϱѩŮϢУѩˣԻ˭ֻۣĬĬĸ㱳
ν˲ӹţ㲢ǣʱڵΪڲ࣬Ȼ˲ϾʿĽʼɺޡⱾǸǿʳ磬ɱ¾и쾭ġ
˺ܶ˶ʼ㶯Խ
Сӣ־ģǰֻǻϾ
ǣ֪ʲôʺˣЩһ񡣡
ʼôȥɵ϶û
Ͼʿһһһģһˣʿɱ¾ƾԼļͻƱϾʥɽż˾޴һԭʯ
ͻϾҲżɽ˷ͷųİ׵֮һͻϾΪָ
з簡˶ʼ޿ɱˡ
˵ʿһʼɣΪԼǿƾʲôҶϾȴӵʮʥ鷨ӭսʮ˶أ˵ʼǲǼҵġ
ӵһУǲġ
һüĿֲ꣬ѪɱõһԱһ۾֮дŨŨĶʼ֮ͻϾȻҲǿľӪ˶µõĻر
Ȼ˸ʼɣķӵУ׷ױʾ̫ǿ޷ԸԸ֮Ϊе뵽һѵļƻ
һڳһʱȥ㣬ԻȻЦӯӯģµӰ
òĹʵк£ҪȥѡϢĵء
һǳЦͶѾѣռĳѡô¿ָλǷӰأ
룬ҲϾиϤˣǾʹӦˡ


2296 
һȡΣΪԻѡһʮԽĵӴ¸Ǵ㣬ʮ⣬Լ飬һƺ˽Ⱑ
ʵ飬ʹˣܶ棬ĸǷȷϢģ´мӣǰȥ׷ɱѪɱʿȫûʱҲû˸һʵˡ
οկŮկˣֱΪˡֲϵƨһԸСܣڰǰӣöЩˡ
һݲ裬һȪƷһ˵˱һЩﱦһ˵˵ڵϵֱ֮;ûͣ
Ҳ£˵ȻûҲûжɶЩ棬Ϊ˾֮ܶڣˣģû˸ǡ
ֲ簡Ǳܣģ˴˺ܾãҲʮˣҲûܴ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ʲô˲Ļɻ
ˣȻֲ²Ĵ֣ӵһ£һָƣޱȡΪɱʶֻܰһ֮ڡ
ͷȴûʲô뷨Ҳ棬˵ȥֲ͵͵һۣʱ˵Ǳ˲֪͵͵ȥʵһѾûˣȴ֪ǲǱˡ
޵ķϸ֮аɡ㲻˵
ֲ㲻Ȥӣæ˵ⲻܣΪѾˣ뱾֮ڡ
ƺһЩߣʵȻˣǱȥ
أֲϧѪɱõʿأֹܣҲֹȥҵʱõһ£Ȳӵ˲֮
ĬĬͷֲϧ̾ﵹҲЩϣԼõԻĻӦ˰ɡ
ֲֻôоֵֹģȻЩʣֲϷ츳ѣ̸ּ죬ҵһ˿ͷĺۼ
ҲûйĻɡ
֮գֲЭ㿪ʼϤܶˣһԺ˳ˣԼҲֱ̬СܻСܡ
Ϊ˻Եʣ˵ܶҲ쳣أҶǱŲĥͨҩս״̬
Ϊһ¶ڻȴˣȴôһˣܶ˶֪£ܶ˶õĲ£͵֣͵͵ȥ档
ˣ˵ʵɲס
ֻЩѵʿ˵⣬˭һ²ƴģѲк󸣡
ԭ̫⣬ܶ죬£Ǳֲ˵˵ӵ
յʱֲͷ㣬ſھ͵磬ҽ쵹ùˡ
Щӣ˺ȾҲһ𣬹ϵǰ˲٣㿴ѪӿƺЩˣɵʵô˱ԣˣ
ֲܵĻ䣬ߵһһôأ
ţ˭㵹ֲͷ˼ô⼸ôƨſһ磬տһ硣ٶϢ
ֲеЦҿľӪ죬Ҳŵθڣֲװģҡͷ̾ϢģǰЩҸ˵ˣӵһ£Ҽƺ̫ţΪڱ¡ҹߣÿǰ˲õӡ󡣡
ǡֲ˶٣͵һۣҾȥǲ¸͵ϿŵѪɱʿֱӰҴܣȥĻᶼûС
ЦЦһѣҲϵġ
ֲϧûʶµưޱȣһֱ˵һδ档
ЦЦɲӣѾʮֺˣ
ҹԻķ䣬Ի֪ҪʲôʵҪȥǸִãαðգ
ҡҡͷһֱ벹㣬ҵ˺ʵĶһëɡ
Իҡҡͷӵ㻳УҲҪʲô£ܴҾˡ㸧Ի˳㷢̾ϢɵѾͷӵǲ£Ǿܲɵƿ˰
İɣûµġĵԻһѣ߽ߵŬŬ죺Ҫʲô𣿡
һͺˣס֮ڶ㣬ȥ͵ȥɼܣܿģҵĹǺġ
ԻɵĵͷӣһڣСëȥɣҵ
ɫ뿪˵˸ϢĻһ̣֮ڡһʮ˲㣬ƽµȴо޴ֵͽѺʱڵģֱԸΪֹ
˵һЩǿʿ
ÿһ㶼Ľ󷨣ģȥȻˣŵĿʱҲûô֮࣬Ѿȫˡ
㱻ڵȴڵײ㣬һصʱͿһͷһԣͷֵף㾪ɱ֮еԣǻûɾͻˡ
ͷǽʧˣͷһףˡȻϼǲѱޣɣΪҲϾ治С
ĽȻͷŶķŭצ趯һӲס㣬ϳҺ˲մȾļ㱻մ֮ͻȻⶾ쳣ţƣȻڻԼĻͨëڡ
ţƣ㻹иţƵģתжһһƳڡ
໵ĴУƺܳԾôԼĶûˣҪצץƼƷ
ȴǱʥ鷨ɵצӡˣͷײޱȵĶҲͲס㡣
üͷһ壬屻յøһ֣ǵϺɫˡҪɱʱ䲻һŮĽȣ磬¡¡ļƵ໴Уηĺˡ
ʲôŮȣԣǶŵʧɫˡ
ڵϣͷȴÿһ˫㣬һϮɫס⿴;֪ǳˣµĳ̲һȹڸǿóŮ˺ܻᴩ£ѣȻŮװ͹԰˵ظ;µǣ۵ĳӡ
ţزסˡͷֹô󡣡
žžžűŮĴȻŮĺߵ۾￴һ˲ŵģ֪ղŲ㡣Ǹƣô˵ʵҲҪҪҵķϣظҲķϣߺߡ
СοԼһѡͬʱҲʽĿͻȻֵŮ
һ۰ɫ£ڳĳֻü׻Ʒס֬δʩ֡鲻üǦ桯Ȼ̬ѿ̬Ǵּ䡣
޳˷ӯ񻣬ӯ죬Ϊװס鷿һɫسһ˿֯İɫɴϵһɫںڵ㷢٣ټż黨ǰһŰɫ飬ļ͸糺죬üȴޣνǹɫ㣬ǡѩ䶼еһˡ
֮ԻҲѷ£һˣľֹ̾ôԼأѲɿˣ


2297 Ů
Ůˮ飬ҲȷˮģˣΪ߾ܵ£Ǹֶнģˮ鲻ԸΪ˰£ͱˡ
ˮЩεһԼͷţֺޣ±ͻȻĻ쵰й¶⣬ǵˮ׵
ɵһ㶵ģⲻǿԼԼôˮЩСˣüĿ֮ҲЩ⡣ΪŮˮ֪ԼⲻҪעӣǵһαôֱĿţǱȽеġ
ҲһЩŮһ۾ԾԼһ棬ñĽʼɣõֵòģȥɡ
쵰˰ɡˮʵ̲סˣյ𣿡
ʵĻش𣺡ˣٺ٣ղŶлŮͦΣС
ˮûɫĺߵ˭ŮȫҶŮҼҵȷŮ
ۣ治Ҫģ
ЦŮˣҲǲҪʵǡ㣬֪Ůôƺ
ˮ˫ָֹҽˮ飬ȿȣղŲ㣬Ҳ˾Ͳÿˡ
ʮָˣôƯӣô˵Ҳ̫˵ɡƫƫ˼ҲϾҪȻŮʲôпû¾͵Ϸò
һֹ֮ˮӴ
ۣôһһղŻôɫڱģҴѵ˵𣿡ˮЦĻ֦չ次εͷȻ׻ˮ鲻á
ˮӣʵҸղŰ֣ҲǱץİɣһǵűץˣôǾһսϵˡҰ㡣㵹˵˵Ϊε
㴵ţұʥ鷨Ӯ߳ŭͰҹؽˡ
ڵҾ˼ûɵĴ磬૵ˣôԵ޹ʴأ
ˮӵɴˮӣģɷǿɰ˷𾪵ʵʥ鷨ɲһǿİ㾹ȻӮˣޣˣղķɵİʥ鷨Ȼ
ǺһЦˮӹȻʵҸһļʥ鷨ţˣȻˣˣҵвңֻЭĽˡ
ˮӺӶݹôôߣҪҪ֣
ˮһҪץ㣬㱾ܵܣһٶȣ޷ץ쳣ľصˮ飬Խĺ󱳣ˮץ˸գһȻмֱ¡
ˮӹˡݲȣʵ˵˵֪ˮӿ֪
֪Ҳµ⣿ǺǣҲ㡣ˮ˵ߣײȥ
㼱æϣˮӸҰɣҿԸһЩر
򵥣ڶʮ¥֪ˣϼһ񲣬ϴβ㱻ءˮЦи౬ӴҶˣԶһٰɣסܶˣҶʳζˣû
ͷߣǸŮӰ㶼ϾˣԲνɣһ²ô
ˮ鱧ԼظߵҶˣҪʳҪ֪ǸϺϢʳεͷȻ޵ϲڸ֮һ㶼ǿҰôôںѽ
һ߷ŴһѯʵǲǸŪԵģ͸Ҹڲµ飿
ˮһСȳԵı飬˵ͷҪóԵģóԲˣҪǲóԡߺߣ㿴ôÿһ㶼ԹƵģв޺УвǿʿҲôߣߺߡ
ЦӴóһЩɡζֻƽʱ´õġֻɣҪҪţ㻰û˵꣬е˲ͱˡȻˮ͵͵תȥһٷƣˣĿɿڴ
ƺ˷ʧŮ̬ˮΪεСһ漴ֵģŻعæǣģ֪ϲθڡ
ţаɣζоѾüûԹˣٺ١
ȻһԻϲƷλ˼ʳڨЦﻹоƣǿǵʥȪҪҪҲһڣ
ˮϲסͷָоԼ̫ˣæ㲻ʲôıͼɣ
ˮʲôõģҪǻ˾ͺ
ǺһЦһһǻģżҲֻûвϸҰ
⿣Ҳϲڸ֮ˣˮӶʱ۾ģ㿴ʲôһëһɲõĸоͷ
ˮȻղŵʮֲ⣡㲻ǻһЩϣˣֱΪֹҾ
ۣһʮ޳ܵĳԻ㿴ǰһʳģˮӡʿӦΪΣ׷
Ѿɶˣ̫ˣôˮĹϿѾܾãܾûԶ
ɶˣ⣬ôţƵ˰ֿ˿Ǻʳģɫˣֵˮӣôʳĵģ
ˮӲͷҵСؾֲģôʰɣƽôãû뵽ˣпڸˡ
ˮӣܵõоʳ𣿡
õ£·ʲôõİһʮ˲㣬һȥǵöãۣһСĵѪ֮ڣ֮ء֮ǰиŮʿҪõ£ûߵʮ˲ͱŵˣʬǻ֪ء
ˣʵʵŰɣҪͣڱץأ԰ɣ
ֵ뿪鷳𣿡㵹뿪ֻҪԼ̫ûȥԻԼȥġ
ˮ磺ѣĶƵģߵ뿪Ҷϲ㣬ŵĶһˣ֪ҾǶɶ֮ˣžŰʮһȽѾأԶиǿĴڡ
㲻ȻͲ뿪лᡣ
Ȼˣǳȥ˻Ǳץˮεڰ֪֡ͻ뿪μ˻ᣬǺǣԸߵĻǽһᡣ
ˮһʵģûƭң
Ȼûƭ㣬ƭⱲӶӡĵķġˮ֣ɫǱӾһΣɱʮ˲㣡
ϲȻ֪ŶٹＶˣһɶ֮ˮ飬ôͺܴͬˣҿҲţϼӦеͨ
Ϊһ׼׵ʱˮӻˮգӿ㣬ǲȳһٱ·ҺܾûԶˡ
ԻˣǼȻˮ飬ҲֻܴӦˡ


2298 ·
ĵڶ㣬һһĿȹԣǽпľɫưأֻյĵɾһ巢ƺʵʴС濴ǲһģҪöࡣ
ˮ˵ǻĵڶ㣬żһЩڣԹڣͨһĵطֻҪߵһ㣬ͨĴ뿪ûκֹΪѪɱõĵط˺ܶޡ
ɸ죬˵ĵطѪɱõʿΪ֮߳ͬжǾǿˡ
ϧĴڣӵʮʥ鷨ǿҲز㡣
û߶Զ˸ղͷĽһ״ʿֳ־޸˵쳣࣬ߴ󣡸˿鼡Ǹͷܿˡˮ˽޵ͨĶ࣬ͨ벽Ͼٽɶ򣬲öԸ۸裬ƺҪ鷳
ҵ裿޵ľвĵһۡ
㾪ô㲻Ը
ˮ㣬ָָ޵ʿеľ޸ǿʥ鷨ʲôûУΪʲô֣ҵҸԩ޳Ϊʲô򣿡ŶһҵһٷȻæд
ƵȻվͬһˣǾһϰɡ˵⣬һʮʥɵ⡣
ʿüëһ⾪ȡ
ˮüëһʮʥ鷨Ĳ¶ʿ꣬ϢƷѵʥ鷨
ˮӵ㲻˵ͬƵİѷɵôȻʮѣ
ʼ磬ҿû˵ֻǿʹİѷɵʵûءι޵ǰɣ··
ߣǺǣֻثȥ˵ɡ޵˫һ¯˳ʥ鷨
Ҳ໽еĴʱһܵ˼
ҶԸǸ޵Ȼûзʵǿ㻹ǶԸͷСɡˮ鿴޵ôţҲЩˡ
ŻϢƽ㣬ˮѾϾ۷޵ˣˮ鲢޵ƿһ¯ܹأˮĹƲңȥƽɫˮҲ뿴ʵս飬ʶЩ
ܿＫȲˬǿȻһһһߴУˮӣСߺ
ŷɵǲһһߴͼ޽ӽˮ顣ˮһ㶣ߵˣôһС򲻹أһһ߽еȣֻȣ򲻹ˮӾΪ΢ոͻϾѡ
ˮߵ㿴׷ôٸװ⣡СҶŶ𡣡
ҪҸϽŰ
ˮʱˣԼ֪Ȼ˻֮аˮߵϽ֣ٷϻ
໣ʱ䲻ͷ鶦ϵһ˿ϢԴ󷢣ٶͻȻӿ죬ֱ˹ֱӰ˵Թ֮ڡ
㣡ˮֱţͻȻǰһڣ޵鶦ѹ
һ򣬷һѪ֮УоЩѪЩŹֱ֣壬æԴףɢ
ͷۣƺû뵽ô׵ƿѪ໵ֳ̾˿ָһһವһµ˳ȥֱӱĵϵף̼
㲻мҡҡͷϻ㵱Ҳè㻹ΪҴ򲻹ô
ʰȴŻȥ뿴ˮ벽Ͼжǿ
ֻû߶ԶͷһͷɫëԹرͬʱҲرƣһ˿խ·Ա߾ǻѪأлѪˮʹϾҲ׵ϣһմȾϾͻἫıˣôʿҵ֮ͻܵơȻûѵǱҲܵʴ
˿ȳ˱ǵխ·һͷɫëĺɲʲôͷҺһóǸԡ
һ࣬ϾΪǺǺǣѪɱõ¶ôÿ겻֪жצ֮£ߺߺߡ
꣬·Ϊ˵˻ͺ˲𡣡
ֹͷرĳûһ˷ûмԹ·ܱߺܿΧһȺɫһ㣬üͷȻǱϾʵֻϾʿҲǷҵ֮ˡ
ͷԭúúõģ޶˶˱Щ˵ʿץߣͼѪɱõͨɱǵõٺ٣ǲԴеģվڰɡ
Ǻһֶصζ˵ʿͻþȻǺϣȡʿľԪҲǿĺһŮʮһһȡľԪٺ٣СӾͳ˸ˡ
ǸΪȻЦٺʵޣǺĶʮŮƯƯҲɿǡ
Ǻͷһ㶣СӣǲײĲᣡȻܵġʵЩֵʱһֱͷζˣ
һԱΧűκζ봩͸ϰߣһԸһЩҲܷδȻֻ׽εһŻ޷
Ǻͷ˺һȻжļ֪ԼıɱЧˡ
д಻жצƴˡĿڶ࣬Ƕ֡
𣡡ʮͷë໵ĴУȻһɢֻʣԭһͷͷ죬˹˾״ҲЦ˵磬ƺȫСǰƺ׸ϾǸǵѡ񡣡
ߣǶǵСƴһѣһӶ޷ͻƾ磬ӿǻʵĸ֣һ䵥˵ϾʿһɱҲ˽ʵСӣһ˶Ը׿׿ࡣ
һ߳һ߱ƽôǿΪλһ찡ÿһĸֶô
ǺʱЩˣæˣͬʱôûľǶϷӣڻúõġҸ㣬ҿ˽ޣҵצġҾ㣬ҵצ˺ɱʿǧˡ
ð࣬Ҹԩ޳ҿͦ˳۵ģվͷŹ㣬ΣҿǸ㣬ٹˣҺġҲѣһֿȡҪǸԵҲŲ㣬ϧᡣ
㸧Ʒɵķâвղ˵Ϸӣʵôϵ˶㣬㵹˵˵ôȥģ
ѾóͷʵҲӸԼƴԭڶڻңô͵ϮָвͨһɢʣһҲͿʼˡ
þʵңȻԱͷ³Ǻõͷҵ֮ǲǣ˵ûãܰõңҿԿ͸㡣һܲȰգһߴź
ɵĿģȻǶѡ
̻һЦӯӯٺ٣Ȼ̸ܲȰķأ
֮£ͷʾãλǰλܣȻҪСϵɽ͹СӦƺٵʮ˲Ľݾ
㿴ŹԼµĺЦЦİο㲻ҪţԵ޹Ҳɱ㣬ܰңһά㣬˵ʲôݾﶥ㣿
ĵĻصʵСȥһһȥĶǾǿϾʿЩϾɿֲˡҪ϶㣬ͨһεĴ͡
εĴ


2299 Ϻ
ﲻĺߺߣ֪ߵغɵΪܶԸʮ˲λǿǿǶɹѽٵĴڡҲã㱻ûͷ˵ʱҲϮʱˣٺٺ١
㲢ûеȴˮ飬ȴ˼ǺţֻҪˮܿͻϾͨ󣬲̫ѡ
ͷԹһ䴦һʱ赲Ĵ󣬰ῪʯͳǸ󣬾ŹͼܻƺҲЩˡֹŵΪ֮󣬾ͨȥʮ˲㶥Ȼ뿪ء
һһڴ֮ϣһâ˸֮㷢ԼһݻĹ֮ڣʮ˲ֱǸûʡ
ʮ˲㣬쳣Ĵ󣬽űߵשܿߵ˾ͷһƬƬѪĻѪأʮ˲㵽ԹͻأôûʡһÿɾҪУ㿴ʯ壬ι͵һͬʮ˲Ψһһޱȣǡġ
ȷǷǵʮ˲㣬㻹ߡ
ȴֿ˻̫ˣС̫ϵˣҲ㣬Ǹӻȥɡһһ̤ұߵһʯ壬ʯܵʯѪƶռ伫ȻѪռһ֣ǸûʵĸҲռһ֡
ʯƿѪزˣʶӦǻأȴǺʵܷ𣿡
мڱǿףߵܣһɿռ䣬ͨٴҲùԹԵýšӴܲҪСˣϢŭۣëйʮֶӣ̫ԼַˡʶҪϵ޳ܵĺȻԼûͿʼ໲ҽС
²ŵʲô
ʯŸת䣬һǿҵ֮ͻȻȻĴУѪصˮҲ㣬߲ò˲˸һ˪ܣѪѪˮȻǰ˷Ĵڣһ˵ɼܡ
ģʵȻԼ֮£벽Ͼƾղŵһ𣬾жϳԷʵΡ
Ѹ˼ĸԴƿնķϢ͵һͣ⵶һĹ춫̫죬ܵĻѪѪߣǿöƺѹסԼתҴʱ㲻ܣֻܷ
ȣһȣǧһǷĶԼԴʱǿķ׭֮һ㸡֣סʱſȻһıӣԷȴԶԶĳ
㿴Χķ׭һ𵴣Ȼб˼ʵˣ
ʯ£˿Ƶĺǰҵ֮ˡ
ҵ֮һŲҶɿ뿪
Ҳϸһ̫ʦ֮ϵͷɢϺ·Ҳãܾûϴˣһ࣬ͺٺٵһЦƵܵҵҵĹ
㲻Ȼղһ²ŵʲôȫͬˡ
㿴˿ܣȴûзֲ£λɣ
Ϻ˫צһ˺Ƶ÷ϺһźɫĲ󷨣Ҳ֪ͨģ뼫пǵﶥ뿪ģϺѾûǣȴᵽ뿪
䣡̽ĳȭȭ״ȥ
ȭͷѰȭǰܵȭ;Ȼ󣬷ϺְƿϮ׷âԺΣÿζײϺξȥһ
ֱȭ꣬ϺƾǿǣֻЩСˣ㰵棬ķϺֵܵԼȫʩչȭôӦԣͻȻϺſڣ䣡ȻԼһŻҺɫĹŹֵ裡
ſֲ㶼ѵɱ¾֮ĵ⡣
ѣһ־ǱɱֲϺ̫ˡ˫һȣͷŵǿ״̬ȹԴ֮۽Ϻɱ¾ɿײһڣֻ̫ײһ㣬Լߵķݡ
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ɵͷһѪɫҰףɱ¾ǿһܵ˲ˣ⻹ӵз׭֮ķǧҪǻͨϾǿߣ㲻ҲҪˡ
ɳİΣȴնס󱳱ʲôҵ֮ţϺȻץһ£ֱӰѰڵϡ
䣡ذ嶼ˡ
棬ôſڵѽ档Ϻ㵸ұߵһɵһղɱ¾֮ıӣȫͬ
㶼㲻һ軹Ǽٷˡ
Ӱȥĵذ˶ϵмҧһŵҩʵ˵һ£֪Ƿڣ
ȵȷϺӵУһַʲôط㷢֣Ϻ״״ƺǸֲ˵ȫͬ
£°Ϻ˶ϵ·Ҫ𣿹ҾͲ㣬ңѽ
㻹Ҫʼ䣬ȻϺҪɱˣ㰵̾Ϻݰˮġ
ȴܵϢҵۣ֮Ǵͷ˰ǷϺӴƺɲǼһ㣬̨һһһ˵Ĵ˹ûʲôϸо˿ֲһնĵУԼʹԼĻʧȥá
ǰ벽Ͼݽѵǰȫ磿˼תû̫ʱ̫࣬Ϻ̫ץʱˡһ˲˫ֳɱ⣬ԼѾ
Ϻڵλûʮ׵ľ룬αʮһĲ࣬ʵôصסģ
ʵϣԼղžѾˡϺЦ˵ζܲǺǺǣҵūԵ㣬۹
״ȴǻɫߵϼһˣþȲˡϺٷϻ໵ĴУһУһ۵ļ⵶Уֱĳⲫ
ô죿ѹһ󾳽磬Ͼƺһнѵӵеͨ޷ȥҵ֮㰵ҧǲˣϺٶ̫̬ܵĻ¶󱳣ôֻø졣
ȥΨһİ취ӲƴˡӲƴʹдеĵҩԷɿָƣȴ·ϺֱԼ޻֮ΪֵƣҲѰҹؼʱȻҲ﷭
˼ţķϺͻȻֵͺһ󻮹⵶ֱ㲱ӣ˲ϢѾǰɢ޼᲻ݵķϢҲʲôӰѿ˹ݺݵץ㡣
ˣƴˣѾûѡغκ·
ŷϺļ⵶ԼĲӴХĿֲâŭһӡȫʩչ֮£ڵıԴžž죬Ѫ䶯ۣ͸־ڵ֮ϣӿͷǿĵƣݺݵӭ˷Ϻ⵶
飡Ϻ󱻴ƫˣɵоյıܿ˵һغϣԷϺֶһʶٶȣԼܿü
һǣϺÿι·ģʱֻӲϾǸӣ


2300 ʤʱ
ʮ˲չ˶սһʱ䣬ײȣݻ繬һƯĵط
ΪģۿɼĲƲϵɢȥ֪˺ѳٿռѷ죬ԶһĻѪسˮҲǷһ㲨ƣȴԾͻƲɲµϽƣ
Ҳ˵ǾĶǡȫϺҲ̣ΪﺬһŴȸĹӣϵĻָš֪ԼΨһʤǷͷ·սʽ
ǿȵͨʹɫҰףˣ˸׬˸յݺһȭ˷Ϻͷϣ˲ӿ֣ҪͻƷͷ壬ͷ徹ȻӲգ
׳£˽Ĵ졣ǷǳɣϺ⵶ҲץؿڣѪһ飬һɲ˿ںһ̲Ѫ
㼱æ룬ԱԴ͸ס
һԼϵɭɭɫ߹ǣվȣϺǿȴֻǻ˻δͷ㰲ȻͬʱͷЦôѪˣѪζŵˣ
ó군ˣԼĻˡ֮ĲһĿȻ
㼱æһžתǵƼٻָϺҿûôױɵ˵̫ˣȻؿھʹȴҲԣһȴʮʥ鷨һűƿ֮ϣ˸ƮȦƺǴӸ˷Ϻ
ٺ٣ûáϺƹЦ
ʱ˿̣ڵ澭ͣıǱܣеĴȸĹӣĵģʱʱ̶̿۷״̬
һʣڿգʵʰĽâ÷Ϻ޿ɱܡϺҲƺóĽޱȣҲܣ޵ĹôֻӲţ
ĸоţѽʹʹ
ϺǰСӾȻ𹥻Լŭֹ·עһ㣬˲ǣƾǿıܵĽȦΧצֱӳʥ鷨ץȥҪӲӲָһȴɵջ˷ɵ
ͻȻһŮӵĽȣӲԽɫĹѷϺʱԭءһͷȴˮӸˣ
ˮ棺ŮӺ˻ְȻҵĴô궼ûҮ
Цϻˣʰ
Ϊ൱޳֮ȴûУҴ򲻹ġˮЩй˵
ᶨ˵һӮд֮ҴǣҪ뿪ҲǸһܱ⡣
ˮŵĿ㣺֮ôܣ㱻ƭңðɣȻҪǾƲͷҿҪŶ
İɣһܴͷ˰֣ĸˣ
Χ˷Ϻµ˸棬̫ˣ̫ˣҲһˡ
Ѱ˼֪أǼٷ谡һ֪ǲµ䣬ǹؼص㰡ˣʰɣ
ʱķϺˮʩչĽ⣬һͻȻֺֻȻӶûһֻɵĴ֣صĳˮ顣
ǸǿǾʿһʿӼжԼɸ˺͸вϡ
ˮʩչȴһЩƣɵĵ˷Ϻһ
Ǹʵ޼İ벽ϾȻ֮´൱͵͵ۣҪܴҵͻƿǴ棬ٺ٣˵Ҳ̤Ͼ
Ϻˮһţʯһɲǣֱս֣һɣһ𵹹ңɽͻȻתֱֱش˱ǸϺûӰ
ϣɽĴ̴ϺӰ㻹ΪʧˣȴɵšɵĳǴ̴˷ϺֱۣǧһʱܿȴǻǱˣ
תͷķԼСٶȼ죬˲͵ˡ
ɣ㲻ôҵı⣡ϺӰʧȭͷźڣıһѪɫҰף־Ӽᶨ˫ͻȻץס˷Ϻֱۣȴ˿ûбӰ죬ԽԽ¶Ѫȴޱȵ
Ϻ㾹ȻӲĹֱ㶣СôԼǰԸʿͬʱӦõ²Ŷԣһ˲䣬㷭ȥ˵ıϣһȻһϣʥɵصУȻɵصشֱϵ˿ڡ
ˢһڷϺܣڶ̶̼ڣٽɱУѾ¯࣬Ϻһֱֻ۱ץţӲܣ㶯ƮɽиǾףз͸ӲһǰĽ⡣
ΪˮڲʩչʹÿһγֶоʮÿһĺˮȫһԱȻƻԭ᲻ɴݵ壬Ҳ˺ˡ
ϺصӰһƮĹ£ϺҲͷۻֱ𽥿ʼûⱻˣ
ˣϲ

Ϻ˻ΪѾ׽ŭȫӿϵϴͬλãһЩǽڣϺͼַͨʽߣ롣ȴ˿Ĺ˷Ϻֱ֮֡ʱϺѾˣ
֮ˮ鼱æϡ
ꡭоǿӡϺʧɫܵĸоҪǱЩӡУǱȻҪСġ֪̫ˡ
ϺŭĴУܣҲɱ¾
вһ˲䣬Ϻƺָһ˿Ȼͷų˴֮˲ƵˮˮֱӱˣһѪ
㼱æͬʱԼĴ֮ɱ¾࿹⡣ײ˲䣬ҲһѪֱǲײɢˡ
кŵʮŵҩһȫȥˣ΢һЩԵ֮Ķֵˣ
ǧ仯֮ȴǲ֮ɱ¾֮ȫͬɱ¾ӰԵ
ɢŽɫĹâɫӺݺݵײɱ¾֮һѪ㲻ΪһѺסʱɱ¾ƣôԼҲ޷⡣
£Ļ˵ô֪ࣿԼζüȥ·꣬ʤͿ˭ֵܼ󣬵ǷϺĵǿԼĴ
һûвϧôûȳٻôҾһȥ򣬷磬ҲҪѰŪ˵ڽ¡ȻģһƬհףֻʣŭţš
ȫһҵľ֮УֻȻȻɢһִΪܣܵܵӰ죬һӵ˷֮ǰһ£һ£һ¡ƺõ
ʱƣҲԽԽԵֱǰϵͻƣɱ¾ҲһգϺԴѾ˶ĺ飬յܱǿ״޷˼жϣ巴ӦҲûô
أϺԼĶƺ뵽һΡԽˣϵĳԽ
ءϺĲҽУĲϹ£оΣ֪ôģһַĵηС
ĮĺſڣֱӽɣҶʣ
ԣȴǵһ·ɫ£ءȻб


2301 ͻ
ţû˷ϺҲˡڵص㻹ʶҡֻ裬ֱˮߵǰʱѹվˣʹʮܣĵȴ쳣ˣӮˣҲҲˣ
ԭˣܼԦûõˣ⵹Щʧ˵ôвأ
ȻӮˣš㿴ǽһƬܣʯȫǺĽкۼڶݵ˷֮֮ӿͷģ磬ǸˣԼȻҪͻƵļ
ϺͬʱԼΪͻˣʯϵĽ۾֪ˣԼʵڸղŵļַһֱ񼣣˵ȥ֪Ҫʼˡ˷ܵþȻϵľʹҲоˡ
ȻЦһԵˮȴʮֹŹֵĿ㣬ֻϾѣȻͷŴ֮ɲ˵ģҪ츳ġ
㻹кҲٶСƣͷȻס֮Ǻεȵˮֱδš
ܵҲʵᰡˮĵ˵Ҳðϧһ˼ңҪ˹ؼʱ̲ʹЅȡϺҲǰ벽ϾҲģӵɱ¾ҿǲ㶪Сأˣע¶һ
ˮġ㲻ɰ죬ɲܹؼʱ̺ɳðЦˮӣû㣬ҲҲʵʱȿȣҲ˰
ˮڵϣͷҵ֮ȥɣϾͻѣҪСĶɽʧܡţȰðɡˮأԿˣƺûеҩҲûиˮϾ˼ûпѯʣ˵Լİأ㻨˺ܳʱľƺָܻܿˡ
ֻڿҴܵȷǸ鷳Ϻǰ벽Ͼײж壬ȻѾ޸ǰΪɱϺЩھУѾױܼʱʱһͻӰ쵽־ΪһײеıͽҲпɣԼҪһӡ
㾫ϸ룬ͨкܶ࣬ƽʱõӴóһƬƴҩѪɫҶݡѪɫҶϢƬ̺󣬸оԼĿʶ֮ۺ˱ԴסΪҩĹϵһŻҲһ˿˿ɫʶڻ澭ԼؼѨλУһѰЩ
ʶͱԴ׵ߣڵ;ҴܵĿżèζ󣬸ӵĿȿֺĳ̫Ҫ׳Լʶ֮Ѿڣ
֮ûзҹ㾲ʮ˲ʮ˵û޺ʿһ˵Ҳû˸һΪ˻ˣҪôӳȥˣȻץ

ۣڿ񱩵Ѿ岻ðɫǾǱĲͨͷųȥûɱ¾֮оΪ־һ֣ͻϾ۷ĸо
ܵ˵Ϊ£һ뵽Ҫ٣ûˣǿǶɶ򰡣Ūһףһ˿˿ɫâ㱣֤ʶ֮仯ˣøǿˣԭԼѪɫҶݣʹԼʵˣͨҲб仯
ɶ֪ҪһЩʲô׼أȻһˮӰɡʰ飬˲£ȻЩƣֻҪľƣƾٴʹáⲻµƷ㿴
ۣˮӻûϣϾûеҩҲû̫ãˮӾĿʼɵǺðô鵤ҩġ
ڨЦֲҪ
ˮҡҡͷ˰ɣҲûȤ˵㻹һżҩƭңҲġŮӣҵ˿ɶˡ
ƣû뵽ԼҪҩԭȻǲΣղźôǹİ
и󷨣е߿޸޸˾뿪ˮͻȻס㣬ţȥӦûû߰ɣ˻ӦûûʼҳȥˣҪץġ
ʼ磬ߣ͹߰ʱ䣬㲻Ȳ˰ɣ
ˮӺߵ˭˵˵ٵģȥңǰæƭ
ۣߵŲţûƭ㣬ҸҪĶҲõˣûϹģһкܶҪء
ˮ鼱ˣֱţߵ㣬ôҿǰǸͷ׻˵˰ﵽףͷ͵ǻˣ
ۣƵҲ㣬òȥǻҡˮͻȻһռ˴λãвҲܣҪңʱٽ;ͺˡ㲻ӦأҾͰ󳹵׷ˣŶǺǺǡ
ˮһ¿ˮ̵ӣ˺Щ꣬뿪ûôǿҡˣȻôһ֣ǸҪǻˣʵԼҲûʲôð
ЦƻɣЩҲңأԶ޷뿪ˡ
ˮһƺ
ԽԽͻȻָ֣һǧС磬ͻȻһǿ˽ȥ㻹ûعͻȻԼѾһС֮ˣˮС֮С
ˮ鿩Цû˰ɣȥˡٺ٣ԹԵҰɡ
ˮѾɶɹ벽ϾܻС磬˵ȻǹǸҪƺûǸҪԼ뿪ʱ䰡
ˮӱı߿ˣէûϤ˵طأо糿һɽһˮһһһһ԰ľϵĸְ
ƽˮҲţһȦһ˶ûУֻˮӶѡ
ʮƵУ취뿪ţҲֻˣˣһЩҩʹΪҩҳȥ
ö⣬ҪȡУϾеĻδֺãܾˣߣΪûҪչľء
ˮӵĲĽڻ԰֮Բժһʻŵţƺʿ˵﷦ζֱǼҳ㷹һСӣҲϰΪ¡
ҲװģװߵԣһɫĴ̵״Ļ磬ȻʲôӦòɣҪժһװװߴС
ˮȴͻȻס㣺ǻ涾
ŵüæ֣ѾˣѾصĻܽͻȻǻ羹Ȼסֱۣϵļ˲ûзѪ⡣ֱֻʹüͷðԵֲ
ৣָɽֱж˸æεԼֱ۵Ļ磬ŵĿˮӣʵôֲֹĻ䣿
ˮûİһۣˣ𶯣
æ㲻Ҫҵְɣ
ˮûǲǸоֱۺ⻨涾
һ㶣𣿲ܿʹˣˮӷֱ۵Ѩλ˫صһİֱϵĶظ
ʱԱǱ㿳ϵػ磬ȻڼٻָУ


2302 ⶼɺ
㿴ˮӸԼˣʵЩʲôֲȻҵˣ
ˮһ죬ߵ黨ʱⶾ͵ͬ˴ҩۣһĻЦΪʲôҪֲֻ簡
ˮӣεôʲôߣˣضˣⶾܿ죬ڻЩʱڶǷͷȽǿңһ̾͹ȥˡ
ƵҵأҳȥҾͲˡˮӽ޳ܣӶʲôѾˣ΢ЩӰˡֲôģ
ڨЦȴǲŹһǲһЩرҩԱպһʹðˮӹȻˡ
¹һһ˹ģ˼ôֲұƭˣˮӲɵǰոͻϾͬʦ־˵һӸԼףأʱرƯʱһ͡
ʶˮӾֲԼСؾ֮УϻʱԼΪ˶ˣʶԼԼʦСؾۿǻ֮ʱһŻԼж
ʦֵľ˳ƼԼãºԼҲɱˮӲ֪ԼƭˣԼܿԼáҲʦֱ
㣬ȴһֱ޷ֱޱȣһˮֲ÷Сؾ¿٣ǾͰԵˡ
䣬ҲգΪĸоЩҲЩ٣ˮӣ͹԰˵ظ;µǣ۵ĳӣӣС죬˵ѩ壬һڡ
㼱æҡҡͷԼѹ
ˮһЦҶ˵ˣⶾģƲס˰ɣɲһ黨㻹ǽȥúϢһ°ɡƶҽҪúʰ
㿴ˮĹĵأϴĵƺҲøĶͷԱߵСȥǺҵ涾ԼҪƽϢúõͷС
֮ˮӲһ㣬̾Ȼ˲ָǹʢģˮӾֱһӣһ⼤ֱӽٵ
ǸȴǻڣϵĿˮֹⶫǷˣƣһǸҲûˡˮ֪죬ֻҸȼʵ޿κΣֻԶ
ͻȻղűնϵһͻȻ·һˮӵֱۣŵʧɫ˸Ȼܶʲôʱǿˣ
ŶˮӷЩմȾѪ쳣ֱƿԼĻǼһѪʹǱøǿˣôܣѪʲôر𣿡
ˮһҧֱӳĲƣŭƴնЩҶӶݲдͣ֡
ˮӼæֹסԼֱ۵Ѩλæ﷭ʵǴˣû뵽ѪӵǿѪͨһֽˮӵڡ
ˮ˼ڻ԰Χ֮ϣղ˺֮£Ҳ˺ƣ¶ֱ۵Ĺ⻬ۣżȱڡ
ˮӸоԼģҲ٣֪¼ʱⶾҲеķӦ֢״
ɼˮֻ˲ƵɽȪˮٲ֮£ɱȪˮĴԼϡ
˿֮⣬Ѿˣûг˵Ҳʼ׼˻ˣʮԻΪЭԼʵǿЩˣָӣֻסʡ˷ˣԼΪС
ǳգ㻹ûԻò˵¡üͷ
ĲмȻǸͷǰ벽ϣһɱ¾͹黯ǧǴӮģ˸ҡǲ²Ǽ᲻ɴݣȻ˵һǿķǲ紫ԣҶƣʵѾҴˣˡ
Իʮż͸Ͽȥɡ
˫ֱأĺߵҪǵһù⵵£Ѱ·
Ǳ˵ҪȥˡֲǲϵԱ߰Իɩӣһ࣬û뵽ΪɩӣȻգʵǡ
Իֲ֪ıΪֲĵ㣬ǿЦû£ûôһֱ͵¹ʶʱѡ
ɴ˽ұȴǷֲӰټǷˣ
һʬ壬õ֤üëһᱻѪظ˰ɣ
Ǵģûб޸Ҳ˵ûͨ뿪ҲֻҵôһˡԻԽԽۿˮˡ
ӵһ㵽ʮ˲㶼ûҵ
Į˵ѾˡֲޱȾϲȴһ˵˵ôܣǺôҲҵ֮ɣǵûа
仯ѪصĻǾʣϧõһ˲ţ˰ˡ
ⲻܣһǲĳˣҲߣһҪҳԻִ˵۵ϣǱ˪ıãӱƯŮˣûԡ
˻ڼ㵽׻ҪҪμӣ˵ҪμӵĻھɱ㡣в˻һٱ鶼û⡣
ֲˣȻûеõҵ֮ϷϧԻȴǲΪʲôΪֲҪõԻԻĻͰæˡ
ֲȰɩӣҿѾˣֻǲ֪ˣ˵ͻȻ֡Ҳ˵ˣǱȶģ˵ʲôƻء
ԻһûΨһҲֻˡֲԻЩ⶯ֵǲμ˻֮ҲܻңҾôɩ棬ɩӣǻ뿪ɡ
ԻĬĬͷӦģ㲻ģ϶Ѿ͵͵ˣΪѾˣʵ֮ƣ
뿪һֺƺƵĳ޼ԭ
Ǵ㣬˿䣬侲һоöˡСûˮӣʮֹŹ֣ĵ֪Ѿһˣʱ죬Ҳʱ뿪ˡ˵ҲѾˣ֪Ի᲻ᵣأѰأ
Ӹоĺˮ뵽ﲻиٲȪˮ𣿲ȥϴһ£ƽʱʹԡӣȻûȪˮôˬˡ
һ͵ٲ֮ϣֱѵ·ǸˬķǲĨӣȻ䣬ʶвһˣһŮˣһͶʮ꣬һŶ쵰òɫ壬ˮôôٲ£գ
漴ֵķ֣ʱ͹ˮ̶УǲʱҸܵĵطһ̣ɾҪ¶ˮǰǾͲ͵ˣǱˣ
ȴˮΪԼ侲кµٲ¾ĥأҼˣ㿴óˮ˿̵״̬
ԣ㣿ʱϰѾˣٷ֮ٻᱻˮӷ֣ط棬ӣǺΣ


2303 ɺ֮
㽹䣬ˮ̶ٲ·һʯɽڼγһ϶İΣ۾һûȪˮУȻٵζ˲Ϣ͵ˡ
Ǹʯɽм䣬ϲǰ׻˵ٲֻҪˮ̶Σͷֲһä㻹͵͵ĳۿٲĺڵϢʹҲѱ֣
ΪͻϾʱ䲢ûˮ¶ٺۼ˵䣬ʵѾʮģׯʵһɫˡ
ʵˮ뿪ʦŵʱҲϾڵΪҲңߴ˳ɼңˮĲЩ£һĶɶʹøӳڣڽӽҲ֮١
ˮȴΪ̫ǿˣûзˣûܽˣˮӳһվкٲ߳İΣԵ쳣ˡ
쵰Ǿ㿴쳣ȣȻ˵ѹסĶأԼĻֻᷢˣ
ˮ侲֮ã֣ܲһˮϣֹ͵Լʵ֪ͲСﾲˣڶٲʯ͹
ˮɵĽ⿪Լķɫ˿һԣ¶һ˫˪ʤѩֱۣɫĶǶŸͦظҲĽ⿪һ˫׻ֱӱ¶ڿС
̿ˮ̫ˡ
гٲĺ¡⣬һ˿ܵˮ̶ˬˮˮȥϵɴˮ̶Уˮ
£˿ˮһһչУգ޳£һƬͦ֬񣬰ڰڣһӯһգһ˫ˮȳƵվˮ̶УͤͤʶԴ͸ˮ̶ǰ㣬϶£ؿǶԼͦͷŷۺɫıʯڵɭ֣
ã㿴Ŀɿڴʱܵ㶾Ӱ죬ܲСܱܵһͱһ׺ݵľ
ˮۣһӨˮ飬壬Ǿɵǣ۵ظ
ǲ̫޳ˣ㲻֪ΪʲôдԼȻƮһ仰
еĶħֳ˷ˣߵޣ޳ʲôåһåҪƷ𣿡
һηǣ͵ǲеԲ˼ңϾһδĻƻŮԺôˣӰô죿
ҵ˼붷УҡڲаջʲôԲģֲ֪ĴڣҲ֪Ҫ£Ѿڿ˰ѾûлͷĿˣ
õĽǣ㿴ˣ֪Ҹø͸
ǴĿ⿴ģ뵽仰ӵĸоԼӦֱ׳ĿײҲʱ뿪ˣ
ٲȪˮˮҵεδٲԵľʯΣֻмˣУˮǲЦκģˮƵأ⵴
Сɵ΢΢𣬺촽΢ţһӹɢĵŮˣƺʱ޿̶ˣǣ˵񾭣ĴˮˮӼֱ봩·ʴͬǰ崿ɰ·ָԸǿӾ̼
ţôѪζˮӻķˮвͬζȻ㿴ſţûס˱Ѫ
ʲô£˭ѪˮӿٵĴһΧЩѪζԴȴٲȪˮһʯƺٲµɽ֮γһķ϶
йŹ֣Ҫô£ˮҧݣЩţǱ˿ˣԺôˣֻʱˮӲ㣬ϾԼʣ㰡ԼСϢô
ˮӿٵǰƶ
Ҳ군ˣʱ̹עˮӵһһȷĳԼȻǷʲôѾ޴ɲˣкµٲססԼҪϢۿһ󿴲ʲôƾͷ˰ɣ
ѸǱˮУٲкҵĵطȥˮ֮ȴûˮҲιȥȴȴǱ
һ𣬻һ˿ң˶ܻź⣬һ澹Ȼӵһ
ˮӾһ׵Ļֽţζ벻ﾹȻһˣ֮־Ȼ㣬ԼȻܽӴһ
㡭ˮһ˲пհףԼǰ벽ϾǿߣӦŭӣȭĴѵ㣺ſҡĴ򣬶˴̼һôûСһ˫ʵֱ§סϸؽϣֻ֣ҲС
鱻ײˣҸղˮһײ֮£ֻ壬ĸоһӽеĻ泹׵Ĺ㼱ǣرסˮӣ뻳ǰϣҲζˣһ׷֮˶ˣ
ſҡˮӳ׵Ļ񣬴СԼĸôܽӴҼ䣬ȻֻҪһķ㡣
ʹһǽʵӲļͬĽ֮ϣһȽžȻЩϽӴϢ֮ҲĶٶȷ屾ܵĿͷ
㱾ˮӲҪҶ۵һʹµĴͷȥһС룡
ɵˣ˶ľˣȫ⣡¹ʣˮɫһƬһʹƺߣӲɵһӼӽĴͷζβ
о±ߴһ˺ѣǱʲôˣ
һϸද˵ļлʣϧٲ֮£¡ٲȫڵˮӵļ
ˮӱôһŪоʲôˣˮ֮һѪƮԶȥɢȥ֪֮Լˡ
ˮģ˶Ķôһ壬ǼĽ״̬Ȼһд棬ԵƵˮҲݡһԵȪˮʯϣѹˮӣһĴµȪˮһӵˮӡ
ԼѩˣͷȻħǹĵطô顣ĻȴǴԼ壬ȻһʼۣȴǸоʮ
ۿѳɴˮʵʵ壬ƺҲԽԽ˳ۣӭ֮ԼҲŮˡ
գڴϷ˸ѹһˮӣԼٲǱߴսСĴͷƻʽԹˣŪν߷״̬˯ȥˡ
̾˿ûѳס֤Լ˰ɡ
ʱˮҲоЩۣȻڵ̫ɵġˮӸһۣߵץסӣŭ׹ˣûô
һʱ˿֮ԼƴҵǸ
ҪˮӺߵ͵һҹޣӴҸǷͷҲϣĽϾҲ֪µĹУˮҲϣƴĻԼܴٲǱսͷô
ţˮͻȻ˵վͻȻˮӵסůɽź󱳣СְԼţĵ˵춼йڰɣ
һ⵹ˣ֪᲻кӡ
о٣ˮһЦģҲ㣬ĺӣְɡ


2304 ޼ԭ
ˮٴγʮ˲㣬ַϺʬ屻˷ԻԼɣЩʧΪԻᵣԼִء
ȴǲ֪ĺСܺøֲ࣬ȴѾɹƭ˵ʱ߱Ƚϵ͵Իˡ
ˮ޺˴󷨣ԭһĴʼֺ⣬˶һ۶ʮָˡˮסأջһƬȴΪǰԼ̥¡
ˮƭ˵ỳĺӣѾǰ벽Ͼ΢仯ôܸоأογ䣬ԼҲѡ˵ľϣԼĸС
ˮ֪ԼʵǺܻƵ·˲岻ĹϵȻˮ鿴˲ʵǿҲ֪ûиߵһ𡣺βأ
ҲȴԼһ¡ôиӡ
ǶɱЩΣ˼ȥˮӺܶ൤ҩҩһЩϺܻҵ֮ҲûҪȥ
ˮҲһһ£ȻòţԺõţʲô֪ĵôҲǰһ¡
Ѿͨˣȳȥϣʱ䣬ܶӦûʲôˡˮӵͷȥҪȥ
ҵҵͬ飬Ȼ׷ߵľ硣ɫϣԺܼ㡣
ˮ΢΢ͷߡ
Ȼ뵽˶ɶ飬ʵˮӶɶ֮Ƿ񿴵ˣɶǷѣ
ˮӺЦʵɶкܳԶأαѰգҪܸһٲ˵ĻҿԸ㡣
ЦڣԻΪ˵õɶԼܣ̿ʼˣ
ˮһ⣬֪ɶҪԨ֮õ֮ʯһܵžŰʮһٵķΪֻԨ֮µ֮ʯƳķһȻˣһҲǼ׶ѣǶһ׶Ķɽ٣ֵܵһҲǼкôġˮӾƾƵһʯɡӲٶɽٳɹ
ɶ֮󲢷ΪˣǾͻָʾѽǿֱͨ˾ǳΪˡ
İզ࣬ȷǶɶֻܼ֮һӰĴڶѣ̸ܰ˽⵽ɶףҲڽѵ֮£Ȼû˿η塣
ˮӻͷ˿㣬ҲڿԼߺ죬ĵһҪŬĽŲ
ܶתһȦֳ˿ŵһЩϾʿûǿߴڣЩҲ֪⡣
ѯһȻѾ˾ۻĵط޼ԭˣ˾ۻĵطȻ޼ԭôľĽٻΣգ
˲ͣ뿪·
ǵ޼ԭ֮ˣԼٶȣ˲ϢǧȻҲҪʱ䣡ⲻص㣬ص޼ԭ޼ޱ޼ʣʶһɨȻɶû֣ӰûУ޷ɳ涼ûУ
óͼ޼ԭˡ޼ˡ˶бԵ㿴Լڵĵطƻüǰ൱ԶһξС
ּ˲ƷɶݣȻϣ˴ͷӰڴ򶷣ԭ£ǿˣԾ
ԾԼͬԾŻʳҲɣ˿ԾϾʿ׷ɱԾȻҲϾˣ
ȻԾΪ鲻㣬ҲûжӦʩչķͨʮֳԿ
ȴԾһһ壬߲ͱɱˣ˵˲Źġ
Ծ꣬ͻȻ֣Լϵҵ֮ûˣԼɹһˣԾҿ˿ȴûֻ˭Լ
˶˵ˣΪ׵һ͵ʿͽйӣмˣ˵˲Ͳ֪ôңǵʵߴ£ȥ˺޼˶ǴܻӭġΪǻ𣿡
ǣСӣᣬͻϾΪ㲻̫䣬ǰɡҵĸͬЦֹ
㿴ֱֵԾǰʮȻһ̾Ϳ㱳ʮʥɵ뵽ʮֻȵһʿ㣡
㵭˵ѣĻ͹ˣӦõĶ˻ЩаϾϾǸȥģվβֹ
˽˸ͬʱԼʥ鷨ֱǶֵһɲǣɵѾǵ壡죬ޱȵĿ죬ǶӦ
ǵʥ鷨ķɵһ֮¾ͱˣ
֪ΪͬΪϾô
ԾһҲȻգ㾳ͬԼվߵ㣬һ֮սֱ֣ǸҲ֪Ϊչ֮죡
ԼӵϾʿǲСĿϾʿսͬھԼ˱ˡ
Ծ㣬ֱŰһ紫̼׷ԼɱϾʿˡԼĲԽԽ󣬾Ծ֪ԼޱˣǸǵù͸
㿴˿ԾȽϲɣʹˣܻųһ˿ɡ㿴Ծ˵úأݸһ˵ľתǵ
ԾҲȲ̷£һҲõ˻⡣һֱԱ߸ʵоΣ
ǾתǣɲܵõİԾһ̾Ѿ߰˰ˡ
ǺһЦЩͼɱҵϵõġܲһΪ㶥ҲǱϾû뵽ѾϾˣϧûжӦԼ
ԾҲΣʱһ˹ԾȻЩǣ
ÿЩҴżõͨ䣬ȱȥɡ
ԾЩϲЩܳ㰲֮仹Լգվ۷壬һʤʱȣһμȡ
ԾüһҲᶨԼǿ־ҲˣȭģҲģʱ
ߺߣ⻰Ҳͬ͸㡣ԾһЦ˵ʵ֮ԾΪԭͨǻָʵԾһ·ƾԼߵϾģǱ
ǿһˣز˿ϧӢۼϧɡ
Ծֺ㣬Ҫȥǰ߾˽أѾ½ˣһ½ȥˡˣҵѾ˵ĺĳԱˣԱ˵ġ
ʼ磬Ǹ̫ԺҪСģҲǱģһǱвļģΪһЩµˣŸˣлɶĻбҪԨ֮һˣѰ֮ʯ
ԾһҲ֪֮ʯҪԨ֮ȥ·һСؾź͹ӵѰġ
ڨЦԨ֮ɡ


2305 ֲı
Ծ˾ۻĵطȥѾˣҲ֪ʲô£ǷѾˣ޼ԭ֮ôѰľĽٻ
һңҲֻȥԻˡʱԻҲΪΪʲôٳٲԼա
ȴֲ֪ѾȲҪõԻˣֲѾ׼һֻ㶾Ͼʿ޷ѳֺͿƵĶҩһ룬ֽһ죬ͬһͨˡһ뵽ܰ˵ŮѹĪ˷ܡ
ó֮ȻǼԻ¶ѹסΪõıһͨˣԺͳΪԼūԼʲôʱʲôʱңֺԼĻĥ
ֲ˹ĵģ񶾵ļƻ쳣˷ܡ
˻ڽͷǰڿƣ̽ûʽ棬˴󲿷ʿֲѼƻ¿һ飬ÿ֮ʰһ飬Իڵĵ֮
ЩҲõͽʿʱ޽ȻݻҲǼ󷽡
ֲſڵķ󷨣ûһᣬԻ˲ƳæʵǲϢֲһ֣Ҫľ־ż̬Ȼƭأ
ֲװдְ㣬˵ɩӣȷⷢһΣŶ磬Ҹջ͸֪ͨ㣬һȥɡ
Իϲ󷨲ȥֻ½û㵽ôһ֣ͳȥֲɩӷģӵرϢĽ󡣡
ֲˣһжô˳ԻĹɵƭԻĿĵأͲúõԻж
˼æΧɵһڸںԼһЩκ޼ˣ͵͵ĵûз֡
˽磬һǰһĿ񱼣ԻȲٶȼ죬ԭֲҲչ˵ϣȴٶȵģһָĵطһС֣ѡĵط
Ĳݵشͻһһ壬еĻ޿ɱҪжˡ
Իҿȴûп㣬Ҳ裬Ի㣡㣡ֲҲŽл磡ڲ
ȷ𣿡ԻżʵֲҲɥ˵ǰۿģʱŻ㱨ûиˣȥɡҪȻȥ
Իҡҡͷҡ
ֲЦˣͶˣǰǾˣһ
Ȼ֪ԼѾмƵԻ˳ȥصʱ˲䡰ءһһŻɫըѣԻ޿ɱһ֣æסϢҪ
ͻȻԼȻˣΪЩ͵Լ޷Ԧôܣ
Իһľæ˺ͻȻ˱סֱۣȻֲһĵ˵ɩӣôˣ
Իæֲֲ˫ץסͬʱ¶˵ɩӣɲһĶҩҴܶı͵ģݣҪǵǼʱֲһ͵ء
Իɫ䣬˲׹ô£ֲŭĿʾ㣡㾹Ȼݺң
ֲĴЦԻС°ͣЩֶΣô˹鰡ţ㣡Իҵһ;Щνľɫ˶ӹ֬׷ۣѾסˡ
˵ţֲʹչҪԻԻּŭֱ˦һƣǽͨ˵ѣ
ãܺãϲֱֲƵԻ˵ڣȥ͵Ҳҵļƻ֮һĿľɱһж˳㻹Ϊ˵ûѾˣڻѪڡ
Ի֪Լβˣ涾ѩ֮޷ʹãԻתӣֲôأһȻԻһһŪ⣬赲ȥ·
ˣԻ
ͷСܣԹԵźҰɡֲ׷һ󣬷ԻȻץһ֦ˣɱæǰץסԻ֣ЦץԲҲˣúˣˣ
ԻֻңҲȴǷ뷴
žֱֲӴһƣŭʶȤĺúźңܿࡣ
˵ԻͦץȥԻ޳ֻǲ漣ĳ֡
Ȼ漣ôأʵѾ߸ˣ߸ȤǣżȻл汬Ϊڴ򶷣æ˹
ⲻɿֲץסԻ֮ʣҲֲΪ赲Իܵȥ·ųϷˣע⡣
յͿһԻһƣ˳ҪץԻأʱðɣֱֲֲһ֪ˣֱ˲ƵԼ˲ߣѾˣ
ֱץסֱۣղŴԻһƵֱ֣ɵ
ֲҽУѪֹԻŵпϣ⣬ϲ㣡㣬ȥˣңΪ㲻Ҫˡ
ȻԻôóأôأǸˣһô£
ɱԻҧгݵݺҺ㡣
һɱֲͫһϣԶһۣһҪߡ˲Ϣͷһһֱ۴ִıԴ״ֱֲӱţĻ巨ҲƵˡ

ֲʹĲҽУֱӶ֮ʱŻᵽԵα²飬ֻӣʮѷɵɶݶֲƶǡ
һж㶼ۣʰ˱˰ɡ㼱æɻ֣ԻѾ޳һˣæǰԻҲֱӵ㻳УӵĿ
㰲ޣί𣿡
Իҡҡͷһ㣬ҾҪίˡᣬֻǸˣûûԻ°ֲıһһ˵֮󲻽꣬ǺհһЩԻ³ǲ롣
ԻգˮߣģԺ󶼲뿪㡣
Իصһͷĵ˵ΪʲôôŸ⻰ˮӣܲ˵ԼŮ˸귭һԳ˰ɣ
㼱æһѣˣˣԵˡҵõ˲£ϧЩ𡣡
ԻҡҡͷҲҪЩҪͺˣٺ١
ӴҵŮڣûճ˰ֵԻǰڵʦʱ򣬻ûأεľҲˣ¼ˡ
Լ²õ󣬹ʶر⡣
һԻߺ죬˫Ŀգȫ˸ղŻһءԻԼ㣬÷ȭĴ򣺡֪ռ˼ұˣ滵
ޣˡЦٺٵ§סСȴͣǷ۵ǡΪԻõ˱˪ĴУȻʹֹͣһ֮£ȴһζ
ͻȻʶоһڽӽԻæĵһۣ
㻵һЦŮҪæ´ټ
ͷԻظղǵĸоɴڣɬޱȡ
ãȴһȺˣһ˵Ľ֣˵ı鶼𽥱Щ˾ȻǷ˵ˣ
ǳԾľǲʱȻһˣ޼˵ˣ㲻ʲôѵ޼˲Ǹֵ˱ƭˣ


2306 ͨ
˵˶Ǻ´ɫۣ޼˵ǱȽ⣬ི̫˫ͷĶǰ벽ϾĴڣ㰵զ࣬üһѲǷԼ޼
ɵʵȴǿģΪѾ׼ˣޱȡȻȴûǸʵоˮӲ࣬ǧô൱ڷϺĳ̶ȡ
Իֹľݴ֮УԻϣоǰľ޴󣬲ŭŬŬ졣
ûãͿǿʼˣֱŵĸϾʿپ֪Ǽ֮˵ĺ߳޼Ȼ׼ʱ
޼Ǳߵͷߣ׷Բԣ뷢԰ףһɫĿۣмɽŵϣһֳ޼̣һЦӯӯӣֻǳ˵΢΢ͷ
޼Ե޼ߵĴУԽ˰
Ǻǣ֣׵ĻͲ˵ˡ޼һ߸źһ˵ƺɹƭǸŮǺǣ͵͵ңȷϺֵء
˵ҲЦˣһƣǲãǵļƻҲ˳СˣϾơ
񹴱ǰһƺ;ƱһذףҪѪΪ˰ֱһѪȻһƣȻˤ˱ӡ
˾Ȼطͷȷ֮£Ҫ군ˣֻµȻԼȥ˵£Ҳδ㹻ʵ˵ֽߣ߲ķ
ϾѾӦɣҪΪԶŵˡ
Ȼѹŵ֦ѹˣžһǸưôѪ鶼Լϣ
ಡѸٰԻΧ
˲ˣǵ£ϾҲǿߣֻǸ޼ϵӵ޼ߵĴУƺöԸ
Цٺٵ˵ǷĻᣬȴǲ˸µĴƣʵڲ˼Ƿģǲ˵ˣʲô˵ġԭ˻Ե·ѾˮӵСؾǲΪ˵ͽ
ߣʲôˣ͵ǵܣǾ͵ɱ޼ֱ˸Ͼʿͬʱ֡
˾һΪ˸Ͼʿ׶ԸοԱ߻벽ϾĴأ
˼ĵԻһģֱӽԻߣͬʱܣߣǣģˡԻعʱѾ㶪Զˣܵѡ㣬æˣȥȱ
·޼񹴶ͬע⵽һĻɫͬʱһ޸ɭɭ˵ҵ˸ߵŮնɱڰɣ
˵˻Ͳ޼ͬ˵̻Ϊ磬׷Իȥˣת۾ʧӰ١
޼һȻĲԸ֮ɫĿ¶ɱ˴䲻㡣
ߣǲˣ˲ĻͰһΪ׸Ұɣ
˵˻޼һţ۷ǵصĺɫ磬ɲǼӿԺѹѹһƬľƣϯ
紵ʱһëȻĸоȻ㱳㾪֮£˼ĵһ壬Ǳ¡ԭضݳȥʮԶľ롣
ڴͬʱĵɫĹâղվһŵɨǰٷ˶ʮɵľûԳĺ˵Σȴ޼˵ĸϾʿ
һ亹ˣЦ˺Ĵ˵ǿסĻֻǸ޼ҪԼ˿һԲбޱȣ·һ֮һ
Ҳ˵ʲôʻĵĻǰ״ġֻкλ벽鵤޼ƴһأԷûвǧĻԼлء
Էһս֪޼ȻôֱӶ֣ŵùĸ¶ԸԼԼװǰӦУȻв󷨣
Ĵڶ಼ߣ󷨵Ļס޼Ҳһְա
һ߱λһ߼ַͬʱ󷨵ӡÿһǼƷһҲ㹻ˣο㻹ʮ
Ѿγɵһ̣޼ƤŷԣСӾȻΧˣԼĸȻû
ǺǣȤСӣ²ϧҡ޼һӣȵ°ɣСӲ򵥣ҡ
޼ڷԼʵҲֹâһжѷɵ˰ǻ
ʱ޼Ҫ翹ӣкâһмϾˮƽҲ򵥣ϧ
޼µĻâʢͬһһ°˻ƹ֮Сüͷ޼ˣʶҲ޷͸ơ
ͻȻưС⼤˳Ϣ㣬ΨһܱϵĽۣײУȻ֮޼־
Ǹ֣
жϳ޼ǸϺһĴڣϺǷģ޼ȴˣһ磬󲻴
üһ⣬֮ס޼Ĺ߾ȵһ޼ԭΪԼһܴ㣬Լ޼־߽ĵģȻѸնɱȴû뵽Ҳǲ֮ˣȻǵԼĹ
٣ָһ㣬ղŲΪʮһɷһɱͨմصĵػʮǿ
ͬʱҲиıãһ˲Ӱٱ޼Լ¸еͻأһ˲䣬Ѿ磬ˡͬʱʮģһһ޼
Ӷݵü죬̼ʧ޼ԭ֮УȻԻȴԾɱ׷ɱΪܵҲ޷˽緽ȥ
ʱ޼׷Сˡ
ʲôôܣ˵ʲôţһ磬ܸˣ
޼ûƭ㣬ķӦǾǸӵʮʥ鷨ˣ˴ܼ֮ǿһ־ˡ
ȻǿϧˣղӦֶԸŶԡ˵Ƿ˶ԸʱֻǱϾȴܰǵ˶ɱܻʵ̫ˡӵرʥ鷨ܣ߸ӵ˴еˣֹһˡ
ΣϢѾй¶ˣǻûиǲŮжɡ޼̣
Ҳûʲô˲ˣ˲Ϣ֮ͻصԼ̳ټڣֶԸˣ
֮Ҳһǿг˵Ľ磬ֻǴΧԤ磬֮ʿҪ赲㣬һ˭ûսˡ
㣡ԻҲ󣬿Էû£˫ŵҲˡ
ȴԻǵϤǵܣҲŵȻǵ˾ͻɱĿľ˺޷㻹뿪ȻȻңҾ˵ѾˣԺҲٻˡ
ԻȴǼҡҡͷУΣҶҪ㣡ҲҪٵ£ҲǻƿҺôҲǱѩŮĴߣԱܰ㡣
һůסԻ֣Ǻãһɱȥ


2307 ܵ
ƽûþɺһˣɿ㣬ޱȣǵû֮ڣΪɸ˵ЦЦ㣬ȻͬѰûʧ
ڨЦ¸ɹԼ£ȻҪ쵽
ɺʵǸͷɱˣõ˲£
Ϊ뿪ҲɱС˵ıȽί񣺡ڲ£ȴһãҾֶ˻Ѫ֮ڡ
ɲÿɷЦЦãսԲء
æɵ˵ѸղԼǱߵ˵һ飬˵ûǸϽ˰ɡ
ʲô˵˺޼ˣ۵Ťĳݣʵ벻޼ȻˣԼԼôô
ϾĳҲԭ˺޼ֶԸˣҶΪʤȯգޱɵġȴǵתҵ̵Ԩȵס
гʵ㣬˵ǾǷ˺޼˵λɷǵӣǲԼΪԼƪ
㵭һЦһӣһ̲֣޼Լӣλ޻˵
ɽҲû취ˣ֣ôǽ޷ֿȫ˵˳ˡ
ɸո˵֮꣬оʹ޼Цӣ̫ˣղôһĹѾˣ
ɲǼ䣬ǵصҵֶ֮˺޼˵ʿͻȻɱ˵ʿ˵Ǻ׼˵ʱֿ˫ɱҲѾ޶־ţԷԼм˼
ȷʵû뵽ϵԼߵж࣬ҪӲףҲͬʱ޼ˣ
ʱ˫ͽѾˣзҷɣ֮Ķ⣬⣬ֹͣĿӿѪζԽԽŨ
״ֻȥҲԻ޼ԭȥǷԴһĴѰˣ˴֣ԻǾԲģ
ʶһɨԲһж¶Ұ֮£Ի̸֮ȥ
Ի֮ǰŴѣȴˣ˵˶ްʱ޼ԭ񹴴ĸ׷ᡣ
˲ƣŰԻΧסͬʱ죬γһķռ磬ʹö˲ߡ
ЦӲģǵһжңץǣȡǵļ䣬һжҡ
ɫһٶȾȻ˿죬ԻֻӲƴˣ֣оΣ
ܼ֡Իüͷĸʵĸʱ滻⻯
ȻȻǿ˹ʱ滻⻯
ЦôԸһҪŮ㻹ǲˣҵΣӮҵĻҲб˸ӡţ
Իæ㣬ҪļҸһԸ
ȴҲаģȻ˵ǼǱǺܲˬѰ˼Ҳӵд֮ұҪҪܴûУҲִҵأỹеġ
ãҴӦ㣡
Ի󼱣ס㣬㣬ɵ£벽Ͼ򲻹ġ
Ի֣ģҲģһԸ󣬿βȱ޵ãеɫ֪廹ҲȽҪôǴģҪôšȻ֮սҲˡ
񹴿ǶѸֱɱ첽תܣ񹴵ײܹԿġ
񹴷ǳֲһ̤ضһҡСΧǴΧСϣǴ˿ȴǿ˵ľһ̤պζĿܿ㣬һֱ˵һǺηɱ㣬ҵϹͷûңӹˡ
顱λϸһɫӡ
гԾ˲ƶֻһڴϣһ죬һѷķرȫˡ
ʹһ𣡡񹴣ֶƣӡһĴ֣¡¡ץ
ϲҧĸӲÿһιʹô֮ȻǱܿâˣ֮Ҳܳͷţ㷴Ļֻǵ֮֮
䡱ֻռ䣬ըըĳҶռ䣬ױںЩѿĿռսȥ
һԵԻľѾöˣºԼҲҪΣյʱ̳
Իˣ񹴵ĸ⻯ȴһֱԱ߻һԻ֣Ǿͻǰֹ
ûô֣ԭѾûһƬĲݵˣƿڸ߿֮н֡Ҳûӣһֱڵȣνذܣһᣡ
ķṦΰһдʷģϾھżǷ˵˵һ󹦳Ҳܸ˵ġ񹴳
ݵƤǵ϶ǰԼ°ɣ㲻ġһͻͬλٶȲν죬ȴƬ
Ȼ˽磬ȴȻһصתϹ⻪ҫ赲˲ƵøԶĵطüͷһ壬Էͬ磬Լܳƣϧ񹴱Լһ簡
Ƭأһεˣ޷ȥ
þĶ䲽ѹÿζܾϹ񹴣ɫĮӣһļ䣬ѧϰһͨȻٲرʥ鷨״̬ҷˡ
ȻƽɱŨأȻ³һƬѪƣѪ˲ɢ㿴УѪԼȥʮʥ鷨壬ˣЩѪʱ̲ҵıը緭Хǳըѡ
㺧Ȼ̫ǿˣףƵ纣
üëһûᰡʱѾûʹô֮ҲԼѵĻɱʱһУʮѷɵšһƬͻȻ˲Ƶ֮࣬ڽ֮ϡ
Դ׺ȻݺݵĴ̹ȥ
ͻȻһѪɫʥɵһɴ֮ĽƮݣ
񹴺ٺЦһѣץ׼ϧҲôġ
ʤٴһˣԼϵĺҲ𽥱ʥɵ֮ϣȻҧס񹴵Ľѵĵ֮
βӲӲֱҧգ˺ûܵҵĳҲûܵ˺ԼĴֻ֮ʮ֣һһĸоʹ޷ֿԼıƴ
񹴱ȻȻʲôͷצһУһΪôκ˵ʤؼû뵽һͱ˲͸
񹴿ľȱ飬иƶˣ
û뵽ʵû뵽ԭСӵǿ̫ǿǧգѹһ·̤ǿ߶һĽ֮࣬ͬʱҲøˡ
ĸ⻯ͬʱһ㾹ȻҰ֣˵õ޳ܣ
񹴲ϵƶšˣɳӵצ޳ܣҲ˰ɣ˼ʧˡ


2308 ̤
ಣĵԪͬʱԶԶĵȴ񹴵ĸ⻯ҪΧúס񹴵Ĵ֮һɣôʱڽӵмǿƻ
ƺ쵽һ㣬Ͱʲôƽĵ֮Ժˣٲֹ㣬ԼҪˡ
ͷֱ졣֮ǧܻһұգǣͻᱬȻ£ʵڹŹۣ֡˺ҧŵĺɫӡ
ĪǸӵԵʣʲôӣɫѿԼɵĴ֮Լʵʹۿ˰ղ֪жżˡ
ԭսУȻǣԼܲأһ֣ǾԼĸ⻯
ʵĸ⻯ӵ߳ɵʵĸ⻯ܱƿأҲʵ滻ȥ֮ʵȻǾȴֻһЩʱվָܻ
ĸ⻯ͬʱԪ⹥㣬ΪܳɹʱһԵԻˡֱһ̧֣ű˪֮ͬʱĵԪⶳס
ԻЦ㻹ǰԼȴҰˣ治Ҫ
һײһѪΥ͸һںȴʢһ֣ںֱ֮Ի
Իüһߵһû¹
䡱
һ񹴵ĻһֻɫĴԻΧ͸ļµϢԻӡӡԵޱȡףʻУգԻصС죬һ
һű˪ǴӡסֻΣ⻯һһҼʥ鷨ȻǺϻʥ鷨
ϯ
Ի㶼ˣִƻΪҪĿĵʥ鷨лӡһһĻǣ£죬ȫԻѹ·
վǸŮˣǺǣõҲ֪Ԧ񹴵Įлصʥ鷨ɲǳֿȭܶԸ˵ġ
ꡱԻͻȻֽһöͭͭǮȡĹҫұߵͬһʱ䣬ȡһѼƷɽߵķ
ǣǼƷѣԵסʥ鷨
ž
ǵض£صƷ֮ϣꡱһ죬ƣʱղں϶Ϊһ⻯ȳһǷӡԻӵ˳ȥ
Իüͷ֪Ĺؼʱ̣ԼҪӵ㹻ʱ䣡ٷͬʱԻҲһƬƬ˪ٶȡ
񹴵⻯ٺٴμӡ㣬ƣ͸ĲĿ²֮ռ俪ѡֻҪ㱻УôͻĴ֮ʧ⡣Ҳںˡ
žӡֱӴֱǰԻ˲ƶ˪֮һ㺮˪ӡʹУ
񹴱Ͼǰ벽Ͼ֮ǱԻңңǿĴڣӵ˳ʵĻһںһѾӵųʵˣ
һ⻯ɲںˣΪĸ⻯ں˵ĻͬڵһܿƵһԼˡ
ˣųʵĻңңһָһδİԵľⵯ
˪֮۵ıǽǿ󣬵˿̸ֲסһž⣬һαĻһķѡ
˪֮飡ԻһѪɳȥʮףг̾ûʥ鷨ǺܳԿ
߿տռɫٴһйâˣӰԻϿա
ˡͻȻͷųѷɵԻͷԻͷΧһȦķɵųĿ⣬һ޴ĶƣͷϷ
Իһû뵽ԼȻˣʧȥһɵ㣬˿Ҳʮּѣ񹴵ĵĸϵԼ
û뵽Լз׭֮ѽ㵹Ǵҵķ׭֮㵹ŷ׭֮ﱻƻΪʲôģǼԼϵ䣬Լ޷˵ԼݵĴڡ
ϧķʵԴΣơ
ѾˣĿɿڴǿķ׭ֱ֣ܣ㵽жٱܴ۾֮ڿŨŨĽͶʼɣø˵
Ů֧Ųסˣ㲻ȥĿ𣿡ɢעͼҳ
ϧˣ
ȻԻ˪һɼǿı˪屬ܵĿռѩ׷ɣ˲䣬ԭ͵޼ԭ޾ı˪ԭˡ
˪֮ԽԽǿʹ񹴱𶼼ܣòֳһ˪֮ĺ䣡ԻǱһı˪Ӳޱȣô򶼴ƣ·ˣ
ϲЦˣ
ɫ䣬б˪֮д֮һ㱻ʳѾ޼ƿʩˣ
໣ͻȻͺһ屩ǣȻʱӵԽãͷצɵԽǿԼ֧ŵĴֱ֮ӱˣҧŵĺɫӹâҫǱϢ
ģβһɨ˲ܿƵıϸ߿գ˫Ŀһɣҫ񹴣ʹ޷ʹһ
ʱžˣԭΪ´֮գҲܣɱ۾һУԼӲˡ
໣ҧŵĺɫųҫĿĹâֱӳʹ廯ޡ
㳤һڴӦˣ˺þðջغ𣬼æԻǴűɱһԻ֪οڡ
ѿԻӱ˪֮˳ֱ˵㻳УĵŬС죺ôûȰɣ
㱻һ㻹ΪԻָأԭָܻģ㱧ԻһȦЦȻˣŮկǺģֲǻƿ
Իϲ̵㻳У̾Ϣʥ鷨͸Ӻˡڴôࡣľ֮ɣֱˡ
ңҡǫԻһ£ûһ̣Ҹô
ԻҪ˵ʲôͻȻ㱳񹴵⻯Ȼںľ⻯ںˣͻȻһ֣Ѿ˦˳ˡԻͫһæƿ㡣
㻹Ҹ֮УͻȻƿȴǿǳԻ壡һ˲֮ԻӶ˶˫ϡ
Ի㾪ֵĴУĿɿڴЩǰһС
񹴷Цұǰһ̣Դٺ٣ҵ⻯ʵûʲôģҲ˵ֻˣȻʵЩ𡣡
æԻ˸ӡάϢ߾񹴵Цŭˡ
죬ұ죡˫ۺŭȼգһȥҪ
ЦҪô𣿱ΣҿϾ˵꣬ȻǲӣҲӲƴ

ʮѷɵһ𣬴̶Ľޱȣ񹴵嶼һڴʯѿա
رҲƣ
һʹǼƷʥ鷨ԼαЭɡȻѺۣ
ŭȴƷҴ򣿰

һ̶Ĳѣ󡰻һУ񹴲㱻ռѷ֮УһѪգôܣô
ž֣̽һӽ񹴳ˣˣٷϻ
һ̣üͻȻһֽɫ̫塣ռ伤貣һĿĹֱһѽɫնħ֮У
ǿʶʶʵޱȣոջû󷨣ȣУ˵ǲһ
񹴴Уͷ­췭ڵءǿʶϮɱһЧ


2309 ż
񹴵ʬɺ޼˽սĵطʱ˶ˡҲͬʱֹסս޼̶ߣս˧һһӣսȻûҪȥˡ
޼ԭ˻֮ʧأصľˣǵˣˣϾϾʿ˼࣬ջһҵ֮Ҳ㲻ˡ
ҲһȻҪάˣҲǹ⿿һ˵ʵģ㻯һεΣԼĵ£ľǶԵġ
˯ԵԻɾ֪鲻ˡҵɣɹɷеҩȾҵ£Ѿùְ취Ծˣ񹴵ȴ˼꣡
ϵˣǼص֣еĵҩΪԴͨסԻǣҲάɢ
뵽ɺôǸ׼ˣˡ
ɶԻһ飬óһ̹⸡Сҩ裬ϲΪеþȣȴҡҡͷȱˣⵤҩֻܾ˵ĲлǿһЩҲ˵һĻᡣ
㲻ȻˣܱûҪãǿһ֣ܶһʱ䡣ֵڤ굤ԣҲΪµĹͽ㣬ԸⲻԸ⣿
ͷҲ֪ŵҩ׵õԸԼԻҲ御ˡȻĽٻ޼ԭҵܾȻԻأ
Ի˵ҩһ㵭ɫâϣǵĲҲǿ˺ܶ࣬üͷ壬óһƿʥˮҶɣ̣ɢ
мĿɣֵҪ취˵£ҲˣҴӦģһ
ɵͷȥɣȥ㶼˵ˡǺǣһ㣬Ժͻ֪ˡ
ֻڿ׻Ҳû⣬ŻԵԻ޼ԭããԭΧ㣬ôҶûһˣôһֻ
ʲôûУֻвݡ
㲢ûзû˲ƷɶݣŵͼһƬһƬѰÿԻϴӣද⡣˱һ¡
Ȼ㲻֪ǣ˻֮ĹѾʼĴ֮ǰԻϾʥɽһ·ͻΪʥ鷨߻Ů顣
կŮկ£˺еû׳ٶü֮࣬ΪԻŻԵԻĴѰҽҩǱ˱ī档
Щ¶ĽٻľУ
ŮʮߣĽٻÿոϴ棬и֧ԼľԼȴǵ𴦷ͨկŮկĲ㿼飬˹顣ֱĽٻըˡ
ԼľǱ˵ΪߵĹͶѡ
ĽٻÿЩ˵㣬Ȼ˵ǸΪԵԻÿĽٻ˪Ż˲ˡ
Ůη
޼ԭȴ޼ԭһС򣡱Ͼ޼ԭʲôûУŮȥ֮ͲȤˣصСǣϾͼߡ
ϵһȦȥһߣΪǾ޼ԭĳһء˵˸
ľÿǵӣָΪű˪ȨȵĻָľΪҲǽڽڸĽٻÿ춼СƣϣܷӰֻÿնʧ顣
쵰쵰ǸʲôŮկˣĽٻʮίĴͷùͭҿʮƵѵһƯľ˵ˣûܱҸ˰
ôҲǵõطУ֮ܵӰ죬ӦøŶԡĽٻ˿ȫһСԹԽǼ㣬Խ⡣
һ֮٣ǾǰߵѪÿһ춼ûʲôʱģԹȫѪ֮ˡ
һɳѪȥѰıƾͱӦȷ׺ܶࡣ
Ľٻһٶʹܿرĸоĸо
޼ԭûȥĵطͻȻоѪһ͸֪˷λã˹һѯ֮²֪˰һղѣ㼱ææݸȥ
ĽٻľڵĵطǽݳǣʵֻһͨıСҲûзֶ棬һͷŶʹϰܰҵҲһЩأʵ΢˰ؼ
شƫƧһҲи·һƬ١ѵõ͡
糾͵ĸĴ֡
־Ľٻľݾӵĵطֻ֣ĽٻȴǱŲȻǹģƴء
ľȴʶԻԵԻһǸ⣬ԼûæʮΣĵ˵Ƕͬһطԭˣò׼ţȴʹ࣬㣬һܰɣ
㵭һЦҲͦţҲ£ٻߣ
ľһЦָԻҰŵ֮ڣúȰٻãֻǳԴףѾͷԽǼ㣬ԽǴζŨŨ̫ںˣϣҲһЩȫС
ͷߵǰżĽٻһԼأһ뵽ЩԣĽٻͱˣߵûˣ
ЦãֱŶ룬ĽٻһΪˣŵڣϴȴǷһʻɵĽָ
ŽָߵĽٻǰЩ飬Ҫ˵УŲ̫㡣ߵĽٻǰͻȻϥ£ץĽС֣ĿתĿˮӡʼѷֿ֮һһʮ˵
Ľٻ֮󣬲ŷ洫ĸְ汾ЩµԼ׽ȥģܶ¶ûзġԼ㰡
ĽٻΣϻǾǿ˵Ȼ˵ںܾǰ϶ţôͶң֪֪˼Һ㡣
ڨЦ̵СǶ໨ɵĽָĽٻУǵϰףֻҪѽָǵŮϣ϶Ⱳӵӣִ֮֮ϡ
Ľٻ÷һ۵¶Цݣϲ̵ĿеĽָߴ˵ðɣҾԭ
ͷ亹ոȥٻƭţ
סĽٻĵٻԻΪ㾫֮ͨһҪȾĽٻصһͷΪٻĽ㣬غԺٻܷ޸㣬ܲءԺҡ
ĽٻǵĹסĸ첲еĽָĿ


2310 
ĽٻԻǰ˿̵ԻΪ΢ڳ˯УԻܵ˺Ľٻ֮ԻǻǿԵġ
ĽٻҲ˵ŮǸͬһطɻȱŮˡĽٻȻʼأҲһ֪檣ƽʱܲˣµͷǺǵġ
ԼѡģǰҲ˵ԼˣĽٻҲǰ㰮ԣ޷԰Ρ
ְԻظ֮ϣĸӦԻһƲл꣬Ľٻʮ־ȣƼأ벽Ͼǿ˼ǣܼҲ漣ˡ
Ͼǿ߲ѣһֱУԻûҲǼѵˡ
ľڷ⽹ĵȴţ㽹ⲽľȤӸоȴӳĸһǺǺǡ
ۣԻˣ˻ܾĽٻˣٻû취ǿ޿κˣܲٻΨһϣ
ľס㣬ȥģģٻӵк񴫳У֮е£ǰ׹ǸƾһǴڻԻǿԵġ
ͷԸˡ
˵ȴ˺þãżĽٻ֪߳ûô򵥡㼱æʵô
Ľٻҡҡͷҵʵ̫ܾͣԻĲл꣬Ŀǰֻ֮ĻǣҵʵܸһĻܾˡ
ʵ
Ȼ֣ԼΪָÿ죬ʵҲÿ죬ŷߵĽٻҲǿȱϾʿѣв
ûıĽٻֻѾ˵ץȥءҲ˭ġ
ٻҿ԰㰡Ϊܾ֮Իˣ
ĽٻϧҡҡͷҲδУΪˣǾҲѰ졣֮ǵԺĴУȻӵ˸û׼٣˹ʵ˲ҾԻ㡣
ĬȻҲǣĽٻ뿪򲨺Ҳµʱ䣬ڵĽѾ൱ˡ㲻ͬǻָʵǾΪ;磬ҪϺܶġ
⣬ô죿յȭͷ
ĽٻҲʮְˣﲻæʮֲĵıֱۣԲ㣬ңһŬÿ֮ԻĲл꣬ҲһһĻָ
̫ˡ̾Ϣӵѩ֮ŮĴУޱȣһֱ֧ţʱлòϵֻԺȻزлҲ޷ƿˡ
ĽٻĵͷһҸղҲˣڵҲ޷ֻǸͨˣǵףʵѾǰˣԶҵ󡣡
ľȻҼǵһصĹͼ򾳽磬айԴķûãǶȴǴ档
Ľٻ㶼һϲɫȻĶæʵǷ𣿡
ľҡҡͷôӵֶҵСľһۣĶ˶Է˼вȥУ˳ҲһЩ顣
Ľٻʵľ㲻Ǻַôܻȥͼ
ҡҡͷٻҿҪľȥһα硣ǹͼ˵ϴΧңͼõľƵʥ鷨һûء
Ľٻʮֲᣬĵ˵ҲҪȥҲŵȵ⡭
ӵסĽٻҲ˭չԻٻ㣬ҲңһܻҲչ˺Ի
ĽٻĿ㣬ʵǲ֪˵ʲôãŸոռûã̾Ҫ룬ĺݺݵıһ¡
ĽٻЩƵĿľѯʵľ㣬ҪòܵõͼȻ
ľҡҡͷ֮иڶ࣬Ϊࡣ벽ϾҲв١ӲӲǵòͼġٻã㲻Ҫżͼû㻹òܷʱڲҲǾԻĹؼ
˵ľżٻΪڵǵİΣӰǣֹڵԼܷʱܷͼӰֻ»ıҪһƽģ
ĸĽٻں㷢Ҳõ˼Ĺɫ㣬ľ㣬֪ˣһᰲĵǻġڴ֮ǰһȫԻ㡣㡣
һ쳣ϸССֻ㵭һЦ̧С°ͣӣ
ľһԿЩε߿
ĽٻҲǾȵĵɴӣͻһǣǵЩӷֱȵҲıϣŰ˵ǡ
ĽٻľҲװûԼѪΪҪԸľ˵ĸ֣ϾѪǺǿģѪѪǡѪ񾭡վ磡
Ѫƾҵ֮ʹѪʵϣһͻơѪ񾭡Ѫ˵ǿΪѪ񾭡ǿѪ֧ţѪѪ
ϾħȻȥɱ¾ؽǿǸԭ⡣˵ѪҲ㹻ˣһЩѪ񾭡˵
Ҫα磬ȴҪͨһĵطھĵһ㣬ͻһα˿ٳ⴫
Ȼ֮˶գ֪˲࣬ľ˵ֻͻϾɶɹ˲ܶϤĴڡʱ˲ͨĵطһ㣬ϾʿڵһıԵ
ˣҲǼѵġ
𻯳壬ɣŶһ·춨ȥǰһĸ߿ߣŷվȻЩرԽԽǿѹЩܣòͷų塣
һƺ֮һΰĺɫľˣıһȦȦĹⲨĹâƣզһ쳣ĺõľɫ
ھ֮ǰһƬƽ̨ƽʯ壬ƣ˾־֮ǰŷ֣һʯǻҪߣԶ͸оܴ󣬽˸Ӿ޴
㳢Թ棬ʥ鷨ն˵ۣûһʧˣȻָ
ľѵܶˣʵһ壬ֻھһ㷢һر磬Ǿ;ΪУȫǨȥʶȽϤ
ͷ߰ɣҺܺطʲôر𣬶Ҹоÿһķѵܴ󣬴ֻܲס
ľͷǾֻ˲ĵطû֮˾ͻ߲ˣס֮Ҫ˵Ļǧ¶ˡ
ͷӦģҵݼƭǡ
ľǳǳһЦʵ㣬Ϊʲôţң㲻ѡ˶ѡ𣿡
ҡҡͷҲ֪ҵֱ㲻ҵġΪ㱾ҪҪáľĿ㣬ʵڲ֪˵ЩʲôܱΣоһҸ
ɵߣ߰ɡľǰͷƿ˾ĴţһĪ˸˽ȥ


2311 һ
֮ڣ㷢ֵһΧʵһĻȣȻ͸ľһ·ߵͬŷһССĶף
о̫ˣⶼôˣ;кܶ·ȥĵطû뵽ôõͬһ
ľڨЦطʵһֱһС󷨵ģһ˶Ŀã֪ôûˡҲûʲôϵ˶׼˵ĴڣǻԾŲȤôԶ·ˣҲڵǸȤ
Ŷһľ˴඼Ͼ£Ȼǿ׼ǰЩҲȤϾ˼٣Ҳľڵα磬ΪһöûС
ñ˵ɣͲôʥ鷨ľȴΪ⣬Ϊǵʥ鷨ַΪ̺󣬸һףƫƫľĽٻֳɹˡ
ǸС֮ϣľǰڳһ취һЩڣԷߣ˿㣬ʵ׼𣿡
ͷ߰ɡ
ľһнӡһ㲨ưγɣǸСԭƽˮõľӳ֣ȻһȦȦⲨİѶ˽ȥ
֪һ󷨣û뵽͹ȥ֮Ȼ¶һа˸Բ̨֮УͬʱϾʿţû˶ϵʥ鷨ȻԼΧˡ
ľݣ̬Щǰ
㿴࿡ʿһЦʦӭ˵ķʽر𰡡ʦһȴϵ㣡
ľƳǿʥ鷨ô᲻ϵأǰһʮ˳ҪľץʧˣȥûأȻˣȻ㾹ȻоЩͶ
㣬ǿɲӭ˵ʦһʲôĿģ˽ţʮء
ľҪ峤
ľͽ峤Ѱ֮ˣȴ죬¾Լˡ
Ǹͽ˶֮һΪôģ˰ɣ
㻹˼㣬·㲻ߣƫҪ
ľüôˣ˵ȴľȴΪǵЩľʦһҲû˹Уǰһֱ˽ⲻ̫࣬ȴ㹻˽⡣
һжǻ԰ˣα粢ǽЩ׷µǿ߶һȺܽѵ֮ڵųˡ
ͼʵҲǾ֮õķѣǰƶɡһеһУʦһ֯Ļԣľ뿪α֮˽࣬ԽԼ˶е߳ܡ
ľҪ峤ڵϾʿҲǱҪͨģϾҲ֪󣬸ҪĻǼɵʵ˵׺ݣʵϻǲġ
ڴĽ̨ҲϸĵĹ۲α磬ƺһЩСؾ񣬲Ҫö࣬Ҳޱ޼ʡ
ҪĻﾹȻŨЩϾʿɵĲͬЩûʶǴŨãû֮˰˴ָҲ൱Ѹ١
ƺǻɽԼ俴󷨵ټƺǿֺ޷ֵľܣǧǰһ֣ȫֵܵͬʱǰ˷ͼҲ뿪ˡ
Դ˾ڴڲ
˿ľ뿪ڣȴʦһ峤ľҪõ֮ͼҲҪ뿪ʦһı֮УҲп峤Я֮һж
˾ĵȴ˰ʱŷʦһȫϾһʮˣ٣˵ƺƵ
һ׷ԲԵڶľˣݵȴЩŭƺܲˬľԼˣˬʰʦһʮϾǿߣֻǰֱơ
ʦһ峤죬һΪ紳Ҳȫƾɽʵձ˵ҵ֮ʵʵʵ峤ѰϾʿĶ֡
һ۾Ϳ峤Ĳ򵥣ϺܿЦݣ˹
㣿ʦһ峤죬ǺǺǡ´㣬ֱͦˣҪǱʦһ壬ͱҪùϵ
㻺˵峤Ҿ㡣ĿǴʥƷʽȡ֮ĺƽߺߺߣôӭңǴɱңҿܻʧŶ
ţʮˣԶԶľܴ㣡
Ϊ˾뿪
ʦһ˶Ϊ̫ڿһһģ㲢Ϊ⣬Լܷ峤
°͵ĺ룬ƺ˼Ļһʵҿһһʥ鷨𣿡
һʮѷɵͬʱΧʥţʱʦһ˶סˡ
ÿһ˶֣óһʥ鷨ǿʥ鷨֮еļƷһϸֵʥ鷨оԼеķһ
չʾһݵЦˣ峤ʲôҪѲǾһֱվ˵ҿǺгġǻƽɱʮ˵ĻǺܲ˼ҲҪɱңûһ
ϵҲ¶һ˿Цݣûйϵʿͽ֮⣬ɱ˲ɷɱҲǺ¡ǲһʧ޷ܣҲ̫ˡҶչʾĳ⡣
ֵɣﲢ˵ĵط
ľһۣɵûһЦһɻȥˡһ·´ͳڣ;·שʯ裬һ·ȥһֵչ¶ǰһЩˡ
峤һ嵽жˣ
ǺһЦܶ࣬ÿһĻʳҲ൱һģǵĳɾҲмޡ
ޱ飬ûкõûкõԴôʵֻ±ʦһǿƿŰɡ˵Σ˭֪أ
ƺԼ;ۿαľɫѰ˼ûɵİʲôĿģǷеĻӦø쵽ĿĵزŶԡ
ѵϳԼû֮ƾֱӷеʦһĴӪ¯֮ǡ
һܻŸֵĺΰųǡ
㲢ûбųǵ׳ۺͺΰҲûбΧĸʥ鷨һ˿һȤľıЩ֡
ӸղŹһȦͨڵĳ֮ľз·𿴵˲ÿĶ鼫ѿҲ˲׹Ϊʲôһ·ȻͻȻɻ
ֻЩ֧֮ľˣʶĸˡֻѾΪʣľò¿תʦһĻɣ
㴫ľʲôɫ̫ÿ
ľҡҡͷû£ֻǻˣЩӦüͷһ壬ľΪʲôûиԼ˵ʵܵĻô£
ľüͷһԲ
ʦһ峤¶Цݣһֱ۲ˣһĻȴʮ⣬ĵľɲǹ¶ĸĸ常ֵܽöҪôΪҲ֪ͼ𣿡
ĵı˺𣿡


2312 
ʦһĹųǣųǵ˶ǼǿĴڣٶǱϾʿƾͨǿߡ
ľһͷԶʲô¿˵Ϣһ°ɡ
㿴˿᷿ΧϾĸܼţֻ»󷨰ɣϾôһ·ڴ֮ǰʲôҲǲܡ
㲢û˼ϢѪ˳ȻľߣȴǷûˣټһᾹȻûҵľ
ˣܲҴкüͷѲɱԼˣҡҡͷľˣܵвˣܸоǺܿɣȴ˵
ߺߣã㡣ȻģһӢŵϾʿƮȻ£վüͷѯʵ˭
ź֪ͨ㣬Ϊ峤ľõҪЮѾĿ˵˳ˡҪһ㡣ޣ˸㣬ҽйܺ㡣
ܲˬüͷľԼڻԼʵңôɱϾʿʮҲҵĶ֡
𣿺ܲ˼ҿɲһϾһħҲҵĶ֣ԣȥͺˡܺޱȵţ俴㣺Ϊû˵ĹҿǺúоԼķȻţ
ôû˼ȥıҪˡͻȻ˲Ƶܺԣ̽ץһѷɵܺ壬Ծǣܺ㾹Ȼûκܡ
ۣʥ鷨ƻǼǿģһĵ˿ڻָǹܺҲûʩչκεϵ˺۾һĺˡ
ô˵ˣĶħɲôƻġܺ㿴𾪵ı飬ִ˿ڴһ׵磬췣ףܲ⵹ܶЩӰ죬ҲС˰ˡ
ղһͨϾʿֻѾˡ㲻òܺ㣬ʵЩ̫ǿˣҶԼı»һ˽⣬ѲľѾԼ
ܺͻȻһ࣬һѴ󸫺ŵʲôҵʥս˵ѪҺѪԽ࣬ǾԽǿĴڡߺߣңҴҸﴫжģѾ֪˶ٴˡ
ӿףһɨˬ֮˼ķȻĻǾɱԡ
ģ̫õģܺһУǵһܿסһˣ˶̫ˣƽʱ˶ҶþȫɱǡҵȵһԴɱɱˡ
飬ܺԼٶȻѪǲˣͷϵĳǿ󣬶һһħ֮ĪŴ֮ķֻѾնɱˡ
ѹܺ˵ûܵУȻħ֮ʹħѪ
ͨĻ踫ͷնѡҪȫԼδֺáͻȻʶ̬УǽԼһ
һ˲ƶܺ㿴һӰЦû˲ƵԶͣСԺҺοǵһʶҵʵߵģܺãܺãĹȻͬ졣
ۣڹܺŴеʱͻȻ˲Ƶǰܺ㼫ٶȣֱ߷㣬һ˲ǾͳһӰˡ
ȴʮšһŵķɵֱӲؿڡ㻹ǵһηͱһ˵徹Ȼôѡ
һѾͨʿˣħ֮壬ֻѾˡ
ǺǺǣһСϷءܺͻȻһѪǰһ뿪ĹΧüͷûҲû
˿ϡоţԼԴ֮ĹȻֻǰˣֱš
ܺؿϵ˺ܿˣߵεս͵Ϊֹɣһǵ͹ƻٺ٣´εĻһ׼ø֡
ܺ˵ֱ꣬˲ˣȻ˵Ӯһƣܸоֵֹģܺ˻ָ֮һȻûƴȫһս֮ȴˡ
㻹Ѱ˼ȴǿľͻȻɻͥԺССļӣĴ㣬Ǹʲô
ҲŸʲôȥˣͳȥˡʵǲʲô£
ûʲô¡ľҡҡͷϢһᡣ
ӸеɣղŹܺ˵ˣľ˱ҪЮʡôҪľȻԼ˵Ϊʲôѵܺ˵ѾԼ
ΪԼ̫ɱˣܺҲûо԰գʱָı˲ԣԼƭˣĵףǰοԼľûбԼģûеġ
֪֮ҪߣȻˣǾ͵߰ɡĻϾǿͬҲӴ˭ֻܿ
ˣҲʮˣܱһطҪá
ʦһĹų֮ڵ߶֮ٺĿ⣬ȻĴҲЩ֪ˣųھݶһ
ܽųڵ˶ʦżߵ츳Ƕֹӵһʥ鷨
㵽ŷ֣ʦһѾ˽ܼԦһʥ鷨ѹءתҵ֮ʥ鷨ܸƶ༸ʥ鷨ҲʹʿʵΪ
ˣǻҪַ̡Զľ·Ҫء
ԭιۣȴû뵽Ǹܺ㣬ѾվһݶԶԶĿ㣬дŹܸʮֳԾǾסĻǻͲ峤׽˰
ǿʵȴ峤ˣ
һжš
һȦص˿ᣬľȴͥԺڵѯʵȥôãȥˣ
ߣ㲻ҲȥΪʲôͲܳȥˣвõ˵ǲʲôң
ľüɫʮѿüˣȷĸ㣬ûʲô㣬ѵ˵ҵĻǼҵƭҵ𣿡
˱ƣв㣬Ǽ٣Ȼץסľϸļľ⻰ҲʮֽţȴֲҶ㣬ͷȥ
˵Ǽ٣
ľĬĬĵͷģ峤ȷõвңֻǱϾΪңΪʼѣСڹų˵õ࣬ǶΪȴǡȴΪΣա㣬˵Ҹô죿Ҹô찡
峤Ȼû˵˼Ѿˡľʹĵͷᡣ
̾˿£ܹ㰡ʱȥˣľԥһᣬ˵š
㰲ľһصԼķ䣬һ˲ǱƭˣǲܲѰͼڿʼǵɱ¾ọ́ҲãҲãҵͼ뿪
ڰѪЦ˼𣿺οҽӵʶķûꡣ
ʼжҲаҹûнӻ˵Ŀǰ˵овľֻˣܺ峤죬ľĻûȫָʵǶ֡
һߣľѾõı˪Ȩȣĵ˵㸴˰ҲѾû·ѡˡ


2313 
ҹ鷿֮ڣһ˹Ĺڵϣ峤ܺս㣬ʧܶء
һ¹ųǣȥ֮ƺľһЩȻƺͺˣǻŶԷ˼
⣬ľı˪ȨѾյ֮ˡʵҲָ˰벽Ͼʵ
쾲ţӡ
һһѰ˼û뵽ָܻʵҲã벽ϾҲô׵õģҵ֮ĻҪңڶѾ˰ɡǺǺǣʧȥΣܿͻˡ
ʲôĿģҺ֪ܿµĻҲҵСţͻȻһը磬һ
ʶһɨʱ˽⵽ɧңĵڰ಻סˣֿжĻ׸ˡǸܺ㣬ֽĻǼ֡˲֪ΪֻǸȺġʦһ壬ΨһһܸԵĴˡ
û취ǣһǰܺͻȻԼҪսԼΪ峤λãΪ֤Լ˴֣ɱ˹ܺ㣬ɽԷȻħ֮ͨѪ
ѪܺҲʮ˲ʱս
첻֪ܺʲôĿģܹ鲻ʲô¡
һߣѪͻ˿ʿȻԼһƮ˷֮ڡ
ѪƻңƮųߵĽ峤ҪõͼĿꡣ
Ʈ˰գͻȻһħֱֶ֮ӰסȻ˲Ƶ˼Զɽ֮䡣
ǰ󲻹һ˲䡣
ħ֮ʱѾֲڹųϿˣˣǽԼֵĹܺ㡣
ףǻͨҵģߺߣħĹ۸ʶҪʿǿöࡣܺŤŤӣȻ֪ҪʲôҪȸҴһܡ
ɻ㲻ˣ
ܺȭһ£ֱӵĳ㲻òַ̧ħǿǾշѹͬʿǣÿһȭǳըƻ˺ƿռ䣬ŻĴ
ǵǽ
㲻ܺΪʲôôִŵҪԼ
ܺʮȭÿһȭ㲻Ϻˣ󾢵ĳǰѿռ˺ѷ죬ĴɽըһƬƬĿݡ
ߺߣܽҵǧȭܲܺ΢һЩ룬ŵΪҾ͸һЩɡ
üһ㲻ﱻ𣿡
ܺʼ磬İɣﲻκ˷֣Ϊαľͷֻ㿴ԶǸٲ¾ǾͷԶޱ޼ʵĻ硣ħ֮壬Ҳɵġ
Ҳˣʦһ޴ˣϻƭԳɹӱܽѵմմϲܺ̾˿·ܰˣΣܷչҲܲˡҲˣ֮㣬Ϊľ
Ǻǣܲ˼ҽƭ㡣
һԲŹܺ˵
ܺ˵ֻ˵ľ㣬һѣʵҲûôױһߺߣҽֻһʵľ֮ǰ
ȻѹֽŸԼоˣԭ顣
ֵܺҸľ÷ǲҶĸ顣ҴСϲĽΪƯֺãһֻǸͨˣвĵط̵ܻ
Ϊ˲ˣΪܱħ֮壬ͨȻҲʮּѣһֱҶǱ˳Ц˵ģߵαıԵƾ֮壬塣ֻû뵽˵ϢܺһЦȻʮǵľ񣬵ǣҲ׶֮ϵ
Цϲֱ˵ˡȻ֪ǵĹ˵ͺˡ
Ǻǣôܣʦһ壬ľʥ鷨ʥ鷨ǲ̵ģǹʵ¡ܺ˵ľȻƣûƹԼķҲǱ˸ġΨһһΣƾʮѷɵɡǸ˶
˽⵽ܺĿˣȻ൱ʦһ壬ǽͳϻᣬ޹ˣźĸ顣
ΪԼľһԵʣԼľİˣȻһԼʵһͷҲʮּ
Ϊְǿд㲻ˬʵҺֻǻˡ
ƭң񣬷İܺʮֶʼɵ˵ȻѡҲҸǲܵġܸҴƽ֣Ҳ֤۹⡣
˵ͨġôҪôҴ𣿡
ܺҡҡͷαıԵʵ뿪ĵڶڣҲǴط뿪磬֪˳ϻαƭǵġҪ뿪ĻԴ뿪ȻˣһЭǡ
䱸Ҫ̽𣿡
ᣬҲκ⡣ֶֻѡܺ˵ûκѡ񣬴ңһ㡣ңûʸľߡΪûб
ŶšһʧġҲӣֱӳ֮еķһ𣬶еķɵƷʾȻƴ
һ˿ݹ
ܺܲ˼Ѫɲ˵ʥ飬ǽ֮׼ڻ߽ģ£ȻҪķҪǿö࣬ߺߡ
˷ɵȻûѺۣʥ鷨ϾģܴݸʶҲ֪Ӳһ£Ƿɵļˡ
ܺҲϻ㲻ֱӷɱ
䣡ֱӵĿ㣬ǿռѾˣܺ㲻֪ʩչͨ˿ռ䣬ԼƿռĻôҪƽװһˡ
ȣֱۺȻһף֮һֱӺ͹ܺѪײһ
ˣضӳһȦѪ⣬ƽɽ
ܺһЦǵһͽֽѪ治ɫļһһǰҸʱô
£ȫɣ֪ûô򵥡
Ѫɱ󣡡ܺ㱩ŭһһѪӸͷ֮ɢ㼱æͷųһ㻤֣ЩѪֹ֮ʼˡ
㼱æ룬ǹܺ׷󣬸ͷնҵֻͨУһɱκʱʧȥսڶֱӵĿɱѾˣ
ɫѿˣ˿̵ȷܣǵֿղŲѪɫе׼˵ͨ
ܺ䣬ǸͷԴʱһ׭Բֱָ֣ӵνǿ£γɵķ׭̼䱻Ѫƿˡ
ȴǳյʱѪɫ˲ƶˡ
ܺüͷԼѪͷŵûȫˣ㵹ǵһţǵһҵѪɱȻѼһղŵһ׭ʲô
㿴Χķ׭һɢȴһ˵ĸоԼȻַʽ䣡
ûӰ죬ԼϻָϵͻƣͷϿܲȻѣ


2314 ͻϾ
㷢ΧǸֵķ׭ƣ֮󣬾Ȼγһʽһŷ׭ȫУȻ˷
ʼϲû뵽סԼķ׭֮վȻ˷ͷ췣Ҳ
žŰʮһףĽ׻̫ڵģ㿴ܺ㣬Ҫͣ£Ǽɡ
㲻ɽ𣿡ܺȻǻشȴֱһȭѪֱӱһѪɫơ
žͬʱһ״ϣȴһ㣬ǰڵĽ׶ûʲôв
ܺȴֱӱɣħ֮ɣһ˺ȴûãܵѪԼ÷ƻҲͽ͵ġ
ı˲ԣǾֱԱƻ壬ֱӰѶԷǾ;һʧˡ
ŵɽ֮ڵĹܺ㣬ֱ˲ƹȥȭͷ֮л⣬Źܺ㻹ûȥһȭǿѹֱӽܺɣƮԶԵĻ㡣
㿴ܺ崩ǻ֮ʱҲԼʶȻ޷ֻۿȷ˵֮硣
һ״ܺҲûмŴϽĻ֮߳뿴Ӵʮһ׺׷ʱָô죿
㷢ֹܺ㲻ҲóȻĳȥһ֮Լܷһ¡ʶΧҲûʦһ˹ǱȽ˵顣
ͷµĽףǳǳһЦȫ⣡
һߣѪƻѾʦһΧҪѪҪʶ塣Ѫ񾭡ҲܵѪѪôɱ
Ҳòаصʦʮͷۡ
˴˿̶峤ϣʦһǿǿʵսóȴ࣬峤֮λ߾֮ʵҲǰ벽Ͼ
Ѫһ·УĿľ󲿷ע⣬㱾ȥ͵ͼǱ˿ȴڶɽˡ
챻ˣòִ֣Ӹ¿ɱ㣬䣬Ѫޱȣ˵Ѫٻָ
ô£·һƵġ㶯֣ȴǿľѪֹ̻Χ𶯣ľϡ
ѪۿľҪֹ𣿡
ҵĵطҵ˶Ҳƻġľޱ飬ɡ
赲ҵ˶Ҳ⣡Ѫ״ֱӳľȨһãƬ˪еİ;ǹ˳
һǾ׼ĴѪ壬йǺ˲ۣѪ̰ס
Ȼ˪һӣֱ䶳ڱ˪֮ڣְԵ
ǺǣϲָΪ첻֪ʱѾľԣ벽ϾԸһϾȷ׿׿ˣúܺã˻Ϊеġ
ľûлػתߣȴͣסҪ볤ϻᡣ
Ŷ㲻һ򶼲ϲ𣿡Ƥʮ⣬ľһ򶼺ųⳤϻİôô
ľصΪµʽҪ֮ΪҪͼһʱ䣬ϻĳϾܹˣԲԣ
첻һ㶣µʽȻҪ֮ͼȷرȻԼˣƽ֮£ԼʶԪȷǲɶõķ
˰ѪץȥЦȻҪ볤ϻᣬʵ͹Ȼܼ룬Ҿ͸ٰʽͬʱͼ㡣
ѺѪ֮꣬УȥѪǲ˪Ѫȴǻһ̲Ѫ
ֻĪȫܰӵеʵǾɱİǰѾһ̲Ѫˮ
⣿üͷܸоԼƭˣֲ²ⲻʲô⣬Ѱ˼϶йŹ֣ЩأôûˣҲûˡˣҿԡ
գľ볤ϵҲΪһصĴ£ϻ࣬ÿһмǿд׵˲ܼ룬ľԭʵͼߣǲȥ½Ѱʦһ˵ʱ򣬾͵õߵĴС
λǴµʽ
ҪǳΪϵʽ֮ľҪ˵µʽԼʦһ˵ȫµʥ鷨ʽҪġ
ĵ̺һĸڼĴ̨֮ϣԡ֮ľߵ̨֮ϣֻҪԼдɣͳΪʦһĳϣ
ͬʱ˶ڿˣûﻹӣֻʦһͨʿסĵطҲԶò׸
ԼҪΪеĳϣɱƿţֻҪԼʲô춯ǾҪɱ¾
ľִдԼ֣ͬʱµʽڣ֮ǹؼ
ľⷬһ˵پ˴󵱣ΪΪԼѾȰͼ˼̨ˣ֮Ϊǧ֮еһ֣ɲôģƾ跨Ҳס
ͼľƿأԺµʽҲδռȻҪľеͼУƿµʽ
дһûϵҸڣѷ˫ַϣߺߡ첻ķȥ
ʱڹųǵĸ¥һǣıŻɫĶ񣬾ĿһĻܺãߺߺߣܺá
ʵվܾˣһûܷ
αıԵǾžŰʮһףΪԼҪסˣʮʥɵȫȥ״ʱ򣬻ܺţɱˡƾ֮ƿأƿأ
վȻǵ˽ѵú˳ɽٳɹ
ܺ㿴ʧĽҲĿɿڴʧȥ׭ΪȫָѾ൱ڰ벽Ͼֶɽٳɹ˵ʵϣܺȫǶ֡ħ֮Ȼӷ׭֮ϵõľŷ׭ˡ
ÿһŴڹܺħ֮϶ʹ಻ƻѪ֮£ܺԽԽȻǽеͶˣǹľҲĹ
֮ϵʧһжƿ֮УڵԼʵǣѾûʲô¿ɵĵˡ
첢֪ԼľһֱϷԴӵ֪ľ˱ƿ֮˾ѾʼµļƻҪľˣҪͼ
һжϷ˻඼˴ˣɹƭϼ޻졣
ѪҲùܺ˵˳ɹľõͼͬʱԼҲƴ󲿷˶ΪԼѾ߱ɱˡ
Ǵľ뿪ЦеĿԶһˣľղ̳֮ϣǱߵʱҲǸԼʾ
ҹαѾڶˣľһˣЩƺûܵӣҪľ˫׺ֵܡ
һ㣬ľ뿪αƺҲмˣʿ˵ʱʲôӡһʮ̡ҪľԼˣǸܡ
һһȻڽֵ֮ϣЩѺľ˵Ͼʿһ·ٳ˹ųǣƺѺڳһľ֮С
ľ֮ڣһģ˽ȥһòΪƯĸҲһĽĵ˵Ҫúȥųڿɺˣǳ˺ӵĸˡ
üڱԹѾûκˣҪľôľȡýյĳɾͺܲףǲܺҸһǸƺҲˣһʹˣǺ˰
ŮĵӵһʮҵŮӣδ£峤ٱľʲôԸ£вԸƽ磬ȥѰʲôʦһ˾ѾԾͷˡ
˵ɵӾǲ踺صġ˴Ǳ뿪ֻ뿪ܡţǽʲô
˵Ͼʿ֪ʱ˽ЦûУ峤ɱ㡣
ʲôͬʱһ


2315 
ߣǱϾ˵һѶȶûУһľвǣһʱ䣬źˣ˵׼ū
޳ܣľ׷ŭŭߣǻǳϻˣ
ľĸǷŭսȭͷ޿ûõģѾǵˡ
ô࣬Ҳϡ棬ֻΪľϴȥˣͬʱЦһɢ
ľ˫׶ʱоҵ֮ܿˣϾʿ˵ҵ֮Եľѹư
ȻŶ룬ڵ˶һΪϤˣҲѾץ
ô˶Ŀɿڴ䣬ɫһŷ׭ɨ׭ֱӰ˵嶴Ƕ޷ѡ
㿴ľˣͬʱҲעšȿڵҪţǵġ
㲻ѾץӦ˲Ŷ԰ľĸ𾪵ǡ
ţ˵ʲô˵ҺľӶϷƺܳɹͷų𣬵ҷһµ뿪ͨŵùһצ뿪ɡ
ˣղ㣬ǿˣôŲˣֻľų֮УʵڷĲ¡ľһĽź͵ġ
⣬Ƿģһ˳ȳģǵΪ̫ͣҲǰﵹæ
š˵Ҳǣ๫ȻǵǶȵģǾŶɡǵʵİﲻæľĸȰ˼䣬Ҳ˹ʶĽ顣
ź𱣻ͻͣƾ˿̺ʵαıԵʵʱ䲢̫ࡣ
˿̸ĵľܷ㿪ħצԼѪ֮пߣӶľһȦҲ˵
㼱ææŹųǷȥ
ʱڳڣľҲûţʦһĳ϶Լķ䣬ֻľķ䱻˼ţȻ˵ǻʵΪ˼ľһһ
ľŵⲽ֪Լ˫ûСһʼע⵽Լ˫ױҪЮ֮˾ʹĬһϷ
Լߺ˳ľſĳӣʱĿſǱߡ
ˣ鱻죬ľŵ
㾶ֱ˽ľ㣬ֱĿɿڴô£㣬㡭
ģѾͻˣԣӦǻָʵľţϾɶˣ
ƵͷȷǶɶˣȻôôǲ֪Ϊʲôûм
һƬӣľеʵĶɶˣͻϾ
ǺͻϾҲΪƵ䣬Ҳҵһ׭֮ΪѾȫֵָͷֻûжɶĸоʲôûз
ľֵܰǶɽٺ󣬳һӰһ˵ָʾ˵ָݹʷܶ˼Ҳġ
ֵͷҾûг˵˰ɣ߰ɣڵʵ峤Ҳ¡
𣿡Ȼģһָ䲼˽硣
üͷһ壬ľҲĵˣⳤ鷿˽ƣ
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һֵԹռ䣬ȴִ˸գһε
üͷҵ͹찡û뵽һ֡
ľҲǽŵץסֱۣҵﻹãǻ𣿡
㰲סľֱۣû£Ѿȫˡ
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㷴סľҪ뿪ĻҲһ뿪
ľķһţȻվȻоܰģصĵͷţ뿪ģ
ߺߣ黰ͲҪ˵ôˣΪǺܿҪˡռԽԽ٣ҰǶɵĻһ㲻ˬ
㵭һЦŶ峤㶼ѾϾˣӦ֪κηҪǿ
켱СӸոͻƣ¿ָҲܴǧ֮򵽵ϡٻҡ
˼һ㣬Ҹ֮ǰѾ˴ǧ֮֮ûסңͺһը֮һʵһɢȥ
һеʶ޷ԿΨͬΪǧиֵ֮֮ͨ⡣
һȻҲǷľͳܲסĴ֮ĳ켱ˣæͷųԼɱ¾һ˿˿ɫ֧
ʱƣ֪ƺӸһ㡣ռһ飬ձҲĴˣֱӶˡ
һհڼһ£Ǿܾˡ
˶֮󣬹ų֮ڵĳϻҲû˸ضˣԶԶĿţ֮д˻̿֡㾳磬εĶѾҪ
ľҲֱӷɶߣαıԵĹܺϥϷѪ
ľ˫Ҳڡ
ľ˫һẮѺ󣬿ܺ㣬ȴ쳣ˣܴ磬ôĪЭҵ
ܺĵͷҲûз峤в㣬ľãܶԲҡܺһɨǰĸӲ̬ȣЩΡ
ͻƵİЦ˵һ뿪αĵ·Ҳʡȥ鷳
ľ˵ıȭģл㣬ܴ磬û뵽ûܴѾôǿһԸң˵ͽ
ܺһȴɫľã㲢ͽҪ˵ǵĻҲǡһͽɡ
ѵòˣ뿪ɣԻǡλ֣߲ߣ
ܺڨЦ˰𣿡
һ˴й֮УƾĴͨľҲûյκ˺Ǵйʱľϲ֮
ܺЦҾƾ֮ϳɾħ֮ģʵʦһӵ˺õıأȴãȷǺܿϧ
㿴żԣԼȴʲôɵôΪ֣ô£ɶʱӰ죬ڴҶ֮ԼȴҲΪʲô


2316 ϧ
ȫ֪ΪʲôԼû֮һԵľҲǺѲʲôر𣿡
ͷһЦҪ˵ʲôرģǾҴʱ˿̵ܵأҲ֮Ҷ˳ľżˣҲΪ֮ǧ֮УʶŹҵġ
ڿЩҲҲ򡣡νʼ磺ûνһġ
˴磬ȴĴƽ̨֮ǰ˶ڱĿ֮ĺôľ˫ףΪͣӶ࣬Ժжкô
ȻܼŻȥҲš
Ȼһ洫ӰƮ𣬷ƺ֮С
ۼֿ죬̲һ磬ľ͹ܺһһסҲѸ͵ĳŷ׭׼ս
˱Ȼͨˣ֮󣬹ǿҲ٣ЩҪҲͰˣľ˲˳ۣǿɾˡ
ǵ㿴ӰʱɵΪ֮һıӰ
˶ŮӣӱӰ˵ѾˡתʱǴһȻԼʶŮӣ
ҲƲ֮˾ƽ̨֮ϣŮҲһ㵵Ŀ㡣ŮĽٻϧԻ
ֱţԻǻڻϧѾʧôŮͻȻԼǰ̫˰ɣ
ĿɿڴĽٻҲʮ־ȣ㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ䶼ˡ
ĽٻȻعʵ㣬㣿
Ľٻһһ˹Ҳζӳ£ҪӵأǴкԻڱôֵֹģϧҲһľȡ
ȻľѹĽٻǰʵȵȣǽ뿪죬Իô˺ˣϧˣôܡ
ͷһ˿ĽٻԴѾǿˣǰȷǿ˺ܶ࣬ϧô£Ҳ̫ǿ˵ɣ
ѲɶǼٵģҲץ͸뵽ϾǾķΧʲôҲ
֮ͨҲ䱸ʵʲôˣ
㣬ٻĽٻŵ㲻ǵ뿪Ѿˡ
ꣿüܣ
ĽٻˣԼȷǵȴ꣬ڵһ֮˺񴫳УͻΪ֮һ˾ȻԻ
Ůֵ˺ܾöûзľȻʮֵģǿʼĴѰ뵽ľ˵ɣϾӴԻҲվ綥ǿߡ
֮ǰ㻹ɣǵȥ֮ȴǱҪæΪһСİ˶ѶԸ
ΪԻӦɽѣǵŮĲǱˣϧ
ԭϧԻֱ֮ʱӵһʵͨԼĲŬ˵Χշת޼ˡˡ
ͨѵּʵķʽϧҲǺܿΪʵͻơѾɶ֮󣬾ͻˡ
ϧɼν֣Ȼռ˱ˣҲܳ״ɡ
û뵽İ֣ȴԼڵˣ˫Ҳ˱ǰӡ˽˶ԷЩ飬Ҳʼ
־һ޹Ѱϧ˵ھһп쾵ܿ̽һ˵ҵ㡣ŮԼˡ
ȴľ˸ոճ
㶵ԻĽͣæͷܺ㣬ʵܺ㣬Ǹڣô£
ܺ㱻ôһʣʲôһ˼˸㣬ڵʱȶģǴԽʱ֮һ֮ôʱͻӿ죬˶ɹʱɡ
ʲ֮ҿһ䶼ûһҲҿĽٻ֮ȻԻҪȻԼɲҪһӣ
㣡𣿡ĽٻĶˣ㲻Լȴ꣬ĴѰ㣬òҵȴ⵽ɣǶô¡
ݸһЦſٻԲһˡ
ĽٻͷһһᾹȻ̲ס̲ס˵㻳Ľ¶Ц⣬ǵӵ㣬ĵ˵ûϵֻҪܻͺãͺá
һĽٻҲԻľԻϧŮߴվһԣϧ㣬ϧͬ磿
ϧɣɻôˣ֮ʿԪӣҲôױϣһЦϧ𣿡
ϧ֪㣬ǵȥ֮㣬Ϊӣ룬ʧȥʣǣ˵ΪΪʹ޷ڳԼݡ
ϧһֱݺܻɣԼСʶǸΪһֱûгݺϧһֱֻǽ㵱ԼʶǸͬӵ˶ѡ
ȻϧҲɹǰǷϣϧҲֻʧʱһԵԻѾ̲סˡ
ĽٻӵˣԻҲ಻סıס㣬ߵҲܣٻñˣҲҪ
ΪͬǴӵԻԣ˼ҲûĽٻǰ㱣أǰԼİ⣬ǹסĸ첲ӭ촽
üëһ⣡
ۣΧҲǷ̾ĽٻŵסС죬²Ӧڹ뷿ڲſԸɵ
ҲһʼľȣıΪܣЩСȴĸо¶ȣԻıѩŮ񴫳Ӱı壬ֹͣķҲƺĽٻκˣ
Ի強ѹԼţٵĸоȫԼоԻҲܽţ
ΪˣôԼŮ˶Գأһ§סԻСһְס˳㷢Ӷķǹȥ
ã֣Իɫһ͸ƻ̧ͷˣֻǰͷ㻳С
ľڱĿһĻﾹȻ쳣ܣ֪ԼϲģЩô˵óڵġ
ܺһԿУֻϲ÷ľĽٻŮôƯȤֻϲľ
Ҳóľϲ㣬ľ㣬ҸĻܺԥֺ֧޳ɣһˣöԷҸռС
ܺ㴫ľãӦøһЩ
ľüëһߵҪܡ
һߣϧҲܲˬҪ˵ʶĻӦԼƽ֮Ҳ֪˵㴩ԽҲȥܶطȻʵôôǿ
ϧͨˣѧϰͨʼֻǸʱպ㱻磬ȻҲˡ
ҵ㣬ߣɽҵʱѾɫʣѷɫԼŮӣǶϲòˡ
Ȼ˵ϧһޣǿŮƣǱϾԵһһ޵ĹǱȽ̵ģϣרһĶԴĽٻԻ
ԼĻϾûȷǷԼ÷Ǹ㣬ϧ⻹ġ


2317 ž
ϧĵĵţ֪Ի̫û˼֮ȽҲ֮Ľٻ
Իĺ󱳣ҶءԻ뿪ĻһԵĽٻ쳣ʼɡ
뿪˾Ͼľ˻뿪ʦһ壬Ҫǣйܺڣǵǲ̫ΣգԺľ뿪ˡ
ܶĳǽһͥԺɷ֮ص׼ģҲȵѾǴͨϾҪǿѹһͷ֮ɰֻһ˿ɲôĻ
ͥԺ֮Ҳɹհȵӣ⼸ҲĵӣΪԼӵ磬Żؼҵ·־ϲԻϧҲ󴳶Ĳѡ
ȴǽԴϲԻϧиԵļҲ˺ܶ࣬ʵǳϡʲô˵ģ
ʵͿԴ磬֮зֱžۣһɻǾΪʲôԼɶʱûмӰ
ڶɶ˵УԻܺϧѯɣҲ˵ֱˣҲ׼ͷԡ
Ͼƿذ˵Ĵڣв޾²ǿߡ˵Ҳڶɶʱ򿴵Ӱ
ܳɹɶǾܵõָǧҲΪֿԼڡ㱾ҲܾԣǴα磬ʵǾڵһС磬ʱ򣬹ܺ˶֮Լû
ɲΪԼںﰡ
صͥԺ֮Уʯ֮Ͼ裬ʱϧһϮ£˪ѩɫۣĳһε޺ɫƻƣڷҷ裬覴õ迡ס
һ˫ɫһٵˮ䣬üһɫӡǳĵԳָ߹Ȼ֮￴һ˿겻ı΢΢ȴճһ΢Цĺۼ
㲻ɵΪ֮һòŻعϧݸһЦʵɵʲô
ڨЦˡϧǳǳһЦˣҲˣЩСˡ
㻹ǵǰ𣿡ϧ̽ʵ
лԼ;˵һˣΪԼǵѾûˡ˵֮˵鶼
ϧҲʮԣȻѾǾˣ飬ֱϧ޷飬ҲϧҪöࡣ
˵ʱϧǽŵþȻ֪ǰȻԼԡ
˵ϧҲΪʲôûиԼϣһжԵʣ˵ԼıڣΪľڹ¶֮У޷žۡ
ϧ̾˿㣬û뵽ľôңҵ̤̤ģǺǣˡ
Ҳޱȵĸп԰û¾ĵ顣
ϧŵĲŪһ¶ߵ㷢һ΢紵˵ϧȻʵǻ𣿻Ҫȥ磿
ü˼һᣬһ磬һźġһҪ֮ìܣΪʲôҵ֮ǧ֮УȻԺ󻹿ܸҡ
̫ðˡϧŵץסֱۣȰ̹ſٵǰһֱڣǵĸӵʵ壬ҲεģҲǷҲһС֪Ҫвøǿ֮ǰɱġ
Ǽҡҡͷ֮ΧҶУκδ޷ţ˰ŪӦ˵޷ƿأ޷ԤĴڡҲŹңûңһʱͻᡣ
ϧĵ̾˿ôˣ㻹û䰡
ұˣֻЩʻڡ㱨һЦ
ϧһЦٵӵһȻԺǿĶ֣ôӦԣ
ʲôɻһǵһã
ҪӵһԨ֮õļƷʯʯʥ鷨ȻԼĴ֮ôͳ˵Ĵÿһιӵд֮ϧ˵ţһֻʮְ
ҵĴҸɱ¾֮ϧϷʱҲˣƺһСŮһ˲Ůս
ҲüëһֻҪȹܺѪҪǿܺѪϾûд֮»ѪȻ֮ˣҲǵܺħ֮ԭ
ҪõƷʯҪԨ֮ĺףԭҲǾг̣ҲָȶѾˣ޼˵޼ϵҲûʲô鷳
֮ԼҲûôԼ
գһǱͣȻѾʿˣһ¿ڸ֮ʳζȻǲġ
ֵԻһչգЩӵַչʾҲ㷢֣Ľٻĳãںһ֮ڣĽٻҲǶʶһġ
ľľȻƿɿܸɣʵϼ䲻óգҲһľʳ˶ˡ
ԻĳҲһ˻ζԱ㣬ʱʼһ½гˡ
λһطȥ㳢һ˵ķӦϾ꣬δԸٸԼȥϲһӣԼܱܲǸԼһ߰ɣ
ľ˫׺ãʵϵͣʺһ
ĽٻΪһֹı飬ϴھѹ˼֮飬⼸ָֻԭӣҪԣȴֲ˵ɵʾ㣬ŪЦá
ʵԻȼŮÿǣȻǸһģΨľҪһðգǺԼ˰ȵ
ľѾʦһ壬û˵ʹҲˡ
ԻȱʾԸһȥԻѾܷŵÿˣ֪вŮˣ㣬Ա߾иĽٻѾ϶㣬棬ҲûмƽôˣԼԲѵһĽٻβΪԼǣǾԼ
˵ĹϵѾܺˣìܡ
ϧ͸Ӳ˵ϧʱ̬Ⱥ΢ȴһˣĿľѰԻ
ľҲ˵߶Լ֪̬ǲˡ
ľ׺ЦЦôģҲˣʵȵﻹҪǿöࡣԼ·Ҫߣǲֹġ
ܺҲ˵ľãģһúչ˲ͲĸģҹܺǰҲûܵĸչˣҲҰ
ľζӳ£ѡ񣬺Ȼվĵ˵ԲҾһҪú롣
߿ľܺɫߺƣܺдԼľ˼ⲢԼܾġ
ʶľкøУҪ鰮棬Ǿûеġһֱ㶼ǶľྴȻżռһЩˣǾûзǷ֮롣
ĽٻŲСΣ࣬ǵ䣬㻹Ͻȥ׷
һ㶣һʼصĽٻȻԼȥ׷Լûɣ


2318 Ԩ֮
˼ȥľбҪ˽ľ˼ͥԺĺɻ֮Уľ̾ģԥԼҪҪ㡣
˼ĻôԺܿҲԼˡϾҲ֪Ҫ߶á
ľҲϰµģǸڸ㣬ҲʵһĽȴָ᲻¶˵ľ
Ҳ֪ʱԼĺľ̬֮ʮ΢
ľ߽ľ΢΢ĵͷʵôģҪһ𣿡
ôģľʵѾӵôˣѾҪˡ
ô᲻ҪأͷһֱӰԼﻰ˵˳˭˵ҲҪ㣿ʵҸһ𣡡
ģľĻŭţЩɬĿ㣺㲻Ұɣ
ȻģɫҸϣߣһ·ûĻһ͵ˡ
ľһţ̲ס㻳С
ľϵĵ㣬ӵסľĽҲЩ㱣Ȼ⻹Ǻǳ߳˵һ
ľҲߴ뿪Ļղ˵ҪʱҲ̫ڸ˲Ż鲻Խ
ڻָ侲˺ܶ࣬ңҪ˵ܿԺ󶼿ˡʲôʱ
ɣҲ̫ãǺúɡ˵Ҳ˵ϼ䡣
ľصһͷ˵ķͥԺ֮ڣľ֮Ի֪ð˳һԹֱƭ˸
ֺǺǵʼ磺ǲҪԴˣ˵գ˳Իһһ£ûߣҲ㽫뻳С
Ի֪ʹǻˣ֪ƭ˶ŮˡȭĶȥһûС
Ի°ͣǿǹȥ̰ӣûһᣬԻѾ㻳У§ס֫ڴڵĺǻ˵ˡ
һЦζԻ촽Щ𣬵㶼ҵδˣڻ³Կϴھʱ򣬻ôء
쵰̫û㣬ܵ㡣ԻûĵһۣԹ˵ľþȻҲϲ㣬ţô侲֪ԵŮӡһҪúöԴ˼ҡ
ڨЦŮˣĸǺúöԴģ
ԻҲͬˣǾ͸ӰˣŮﷴʵĽٻ˶֮ˣҲ֪ѾвŮˣ˵׼ֻǶһһֱľƺҲʲô˵顣
ҹľĸĸϾҪߴľһǲеġ
Ҳ֪ԼŮı£ΪҲ޷赲ҪĳŵԼһЩƾ粻֮࣬ȻƷˡ
˴һʹ˵ıԵԨ֮
˵ʵҲ֮жĴڣ֮û̫ӣ˵ǵ˶˱ᣬҽӽ
˳Ԩ֮Լ˼ٶȣҲ࣬ɼߴ½֮󡣶Ԩֺ֮򲨺ಢƵ󺣡
ֻԨ֮֮еħָΪǿһЩԨ
˵˺ѵֿסԨˮѹ֮ΪԨ֮һѿݹǡ
ϧ˵ҲȽо飬º֮ǰҪ׼Ҫ׼һЩ㣬ЧЩħ֡ȥܶ鷳Ԩ󺣺ǻܵһ޾Ԩ֮ѲܿƣʵҲӰ졣ЩԨޣǲӰ졣
Ԩ֮һϵľ޳ǣڷ˹ϽҲǷ˵һãӵкܶǿʿҲһЩɱԨ֮ޣȡڵƤ׻ȡҵ֮
ȻҪЩˣһұֻҪ㹻Ϳˡ
Ľٻ˽ⱦ˻ͦģӦֺšһĵطѹ֣˭鷳ѵ
ֻĽٻ̫ˣҲ̫ˣֱۣǵľٶȻ˵ĿкܶĽĿ⣬ˣ򸴺
ܻһЩֲ˻˼ԭֻЩѣȴǱһ湫Ӹסλǰǳ˴
Ҳ֪Էʲô˼ڵǣѲɻҪϽЩ˰ô
湫һ޺ӣЦ°ˣ¼λ˴Ϊ˵ĳ֮һȻúúýӴλʵҹƣӦñһǿǸӵúˡ
ЦǺǵ˸񣬲ɵ˴øС
˵ֻЩġ
Ŷλǰʲôҵ¥׼һЩ˺õҩĸλǰʮ飬Ҳܲסô飬ҲһЩõģʡµԨ֮Ҫ鷳Ҳ͸ȥ
ĽٻνֻҪͺˣŲʮ㣬֮òʿ¿ˮĿơ
ȴǲ⣬ԼųƯʣҲû취£ܲɣҪĻԼӵǿʵ
˶¥¥к£˵Ҫ㣬֪ҪȥԨ֮˵оѵ㣬öԵȡʵ˸ûУֻƻеһ֡
ڰ֮󣬷ΧͻȻĸӣ
һ˸ߣ滹رӡĸӸպðȦУұǿĽٻɫ˱䣬˵Ȧ֮˰ȻڷǼ鼴
Ľٻֵĸʲôãƺûʲôð
ˣǰϾʿͻûðɣΪҲϾ˵ˡ
ĽٻЦ֮Ѿɣȫ˺ĴУٺ٣˺һܺ
һУγһɫıϣôܵ˺أ
Ľٻ˵ϣҾ֪ˡ
ȴٯٯʵǰ˻ĸħǼǿķֶͨƵʥ鷨һϾҪг
һܵˣڷħ󷨵оˣ򶯵ãԡԲˬܶϾĸֶһ֮ϣ
ǽ쿴ȴ
֪ߵˣĽٻɫ֪Է̫ǿˣҪֻҪС
ԥ֮£ǲģΪӲţνɫˣĽٻԣۿʵ
ô޷ͻͷŵϣɲһĵ֮ͨϣǾԵĸ룬ʲôƷ׵߷޷ͻС
§סĽٻСǵһڣĽٻնʱϼһƬߵ㿴㣬ʲôأ濴š
Цܣ˺㣬ǴŭҵۣҲŹġ
ʱžѹæߣָһһ״˹ȥֱ壬׵ðһ
ײֱײɢĸ󷨷ħ˹ȥǰ֪ˣɫ˵ţҵǷ˵ĴϣǰֻϾĴڡ
һЦһţϾʵ˲ðɵˣʱŶɱð˵ĽѵԤò
ɱңɱңһľ֣ʶΣˣſڵһߺһģҴˣǰ
ĿЦͼ˺Լ˵ļһ˿֡һָһ״˰˵壬С
ڰһ̣Զһ֮Уһ߾ֵʹҶ


2319 칬ż
ɱ˰ˣȻ˲˵⣬󲿷ֶ֪˲ʲôˣʵû˸ȥ¡
㣬˵ĸװ޼Ƿ˵ĴϣѾǰֻ̤Ͼ˴Ĵڣû˸֮ΪС
Ȼûеһ£ʱ˿̵ΪѾ֮ߵˣɣ׼ˡ
˵ʧˣ޷ֻǸ׼ˡѾ޵еĴˡƳ֮ͻϾҲһԾͨ
ӵд֮ѾѰս
ĽٻԨ֮ԵϧԻľ͵ϧüôȥôã
û£һЩС鷳㲻ʼ磬ó㣬ˮô
ϧҲ׼һͼȻƻʹһĵͼ
ϧĽ͵Ԩ֮ĺµܸӣһΪһΧǱȽ϶ͨ޻ķΧҲǺܶʿɱ޻ķΧôܵԨ֮
ڶҪȥĵطڶﺣ£ǸطԵʱھ˵һ칬ܶǿʮ֮޴ռԨ֮غһΧҲʮһ
㰵ԾʮһǴޱ߰Ԩ֮ݴ޷ɵģҲû֪ɹȥʲôڡΪʷֻк򲨺ҲǴ򲨺ɹѲʱء
ϧִ˿˴µĵͼ˵ͼǷҵ֮ͻչֱʿĲ֣º׵칬ЩرĽ־ҵԼڵλˡ
ҪĻ칬ΧڣͻӵǿϾʿǿܳܵסϧʮ˵ȻѰϾǳܲסġǶѾǿԽˮƽˣӰûô󡣡
Ҳǿö࣬ΪϾʿԵʣЩΪ಻ףϴξһϾĺʵǿޱȣħ֮壬ôûдǱˣûָֻˣ鷳ϧ
㼸˶ʮ־ȣû뵽ȻĴڣںףҪԨΪˮѹ޷õĻ
ҪĻڶǿĺ򣬻ħ֮Ĵڡ
ƺԨ֮ûôȫϧҲΨǲ֪Σգ˵һλ˺ܶϾһȥģ϶Ǽжǵжģжȥûء
ϧҲ֪˶Ǹ֣ʮԸһ뵽ԨӴЩѵôζҪҵģҿɲ֪𣿡
ڨЦȻӦϧĵȴǶԨ֮أΪȫָ֮󣬸ӵţοд֮
λȡƷʯƴڱصãһγɹһЩԨ֮Сô赲Ĳأ
ľȴֺϧ㣬˵ΣյĴﺣ׵ʲôģȥ𣿡
ϧǧҪԽ칬ȥĵطǰдȥ̽Ȼ󷵻칬żһʯдĵطţѺǧҪȥ
ȥ
æʵдʲôȥ˻𣿡
ϧĲ㣬ҪЩҶ˵ˣҪȥǵĿҼƷʯЩʯʹ칬żΧϸҵĻҵһҪһ죬ѰʯʱҲһʱ䣬ҪŶ̫á
ϧ˵Ҳû취ʮֺģ򿪵ͼҵ֮ͼ֮Уһͨķõҵ֮ļӳ֣ܿ칬ȫ
칬ѾǺܶطõģһиİ汾ΪһЩط̾ǿĺѺ߲ҪȥͬʱҲЩɱ֮󣬾ͻµͼĨ
ͼҲȫĵͼֻһ֣칬ȫûб˷֣û뵽ռԨ֮ʮһĵ򣬾Ȼ칬żȫʵڽ⡣
ϣҲ׼ºˣϧԱǾһˣչʮϣܸӰȫˡ
ϧҲΪ˴ҵİΣҲû˵ʲôǾ͵ȵȰɡ
ûãһˣϾǺ½ۣӦǷ˵Ͼʿÿ϶żǿɱӦǾḻϾʿ
ƷʯƴҲʥ鷨˵Ƴʥ鷨ϾʵϣƵͼʥ鷨׺ܶࡣ
ϾǺʿܴﵽĸ߶ȣƽʱȶĻǸΪķͨķƵʥ鷨ȽͨüƷʯƵʥ鷨ѾﵽƷƷˡ
Ϊγɵķ׭֮ʧγһŷ׭ӵеķǾŷ׭ʲôƷҲɸ˹ܺħ֮壬Ӧò̫
ϧȥ˵˽̸֮Լһº֮ͷһϵİ׷ߣô˵ֻǳ΢΢ͷ
ʵ˾ǰ˵ĸף޼ڵĴϣǰɱ֮󣬷˾һǧɣҪ޼Ϊƽ˵ǿƣҲûдڵıҪ
˷ʵʵƶʵ޼ӵһЩİ޼ûеõ˵ĴУ˵ķ˳ԦΪ˸ӱ𣬰޼Ҳǻȥˡ
ҵ˵ʱ򣬲ŷֶԷͷ󣬲ûô򵥣̸ı˲ԣսΪˮ硣
һҲûʲôʼǰºһεĺ󲿷СӶ࣬һȺˣûֻԸⴥùͷԶԶıܿ
µֻܰâҫĹâҲʲôΪ֮¾ʲôûС
Խ룬㷢֮ʶȻҲܵѹƣ
ʮ־ȣæѯĽٻԻˣҲ׷ױʾʶܵѹƣǿ־ʶܵһѹȣһڰȥյ
ȷޱ棬𽥳ﺣףѾǼһ˵һĺȴûʮǿѹϾ綥ǿߣδ赲õǡ
Ȼӽ칬żʱ˵ͻȻһһ˫εǣȻзȴǱһξ롣
סεʱŷ칬żǰ
ܹҲ˸ˮݣкܶ޵ʬһ۾Ϳһ޴Ĺ㳡ƽ̨ҳͼܿ췢ڵλá
ϧʱҲͷų㣬һֺʮŵˮҩۣʶһЩԶ룬ӽ֪̾ĵطʱΪЩҪζȱ¶ҲԹ
Щں˵ĵزܲһأԭҲʮϡ֮ԲдЧ
޼óһƿӣȴ㣬һ㡣޼ʮΣúܣܶ㿪Ĺơ
Ӧ˵ǿһ˲ͺͬ뿪


2320 ̽
칬żÿ˵жƿŹⲨںΰ޴칬ż֮УΪԨļЩӦ
ϧܣ԰޼˵ƷʯҪĿ飬Ҫ٣
޼ޱĻصжپö٣ȻһжǾ̸̸ķӰɡһãڶããƣΣ
˲ʮ˾Ϳʼһưܵ칬ȥˡƷʯ칬ԭӵеĶΪóԨ֮ĶγҲǲö֪Ϊû֪Ԩ֮ʲô
Ȼȥǿһʯдµʲôϧȴ֮Ըڻص֮Ÿ˵
ȻҲû취Ԩ֮ٶһǿҲʮֺȻһΪֶΣڵڱһзϡ
һưܵĵ֮ڣӵĶѾٵ˴룬һЩưܵʯӦʮ֮һʯͷһ󣬾Ȼû飡
ƺҲǼӲʯ
ϧѵЩʯͷһʯͷʯҪͽ飬ħ֮壬ʥ鷨ɣٲǴͨˡ
㾪ָܣõģǱ˾򶷶γɵ𣿡
ϧҡҡͷطܾǰˡʿ޴µĺۼ칬ʱµż
˽ûȻʺΡ
Ȼʶ֮дЩϹ֣޷ΣǶħ֮壬еĻͨҪСġ
㾪ô֪
̾һԽӽԨ֮ҵļָԽ࣬ƺ
Ϊ棬һֱܺǿҧǿźɫӣһֻҪܿסһ£ôڲ֮ء
ǿһͷצԨ֮ѲյһͷΪʲôצǺأ
Ʒʯʱ򣬺𻺻Ľ͵ʱ˵칬ҺģҲʧȥĸԭ򡣡
ʲôĪûһֲпɱ¾ѵȻǺһִٳɵģ
㻹ûüһͷˮĸһ˹һ׹ʮˡ
޼˶ֱ˲ߣ㿴׹⣬㲻ֱͽֽס׸֣ҲʮܣȻƵһȻǿ
⺣Ͼֻǵһϧһϣʩͨɰնɱˡ
޼˷ƽʱѶԸĺЩ˾ȻɵĽ֮˲ƻȥ޼Ƥطһʱ仹ҪӣλҲ̫ˡ
ǺǡЦһû˵ʲôǺҲȤ
˼ǰҲ֪˺Ԩ֮
쳣ǿ󣬼Ԩ֮һԣҲĶ֣һԨ칬ˬƾʲô칬Ҫѹڴ棿
ǺߴԨ֮Ԩ֮Ԩ֮ӵһ޾
칬յҲǵûӶ˽ѵ
һһ㶵ģû뵽ȻΪ칬е˷ˣֻɱҡʱѾǲˣǧ֮еɴԴԴϵɡ
ɣ֪ɡ
ҵ𵱳˵ֱһпΪҵ̫ǿˣֻҪӵĴڣҾﵽЧ˾ͱЩǿ߰ҵֿ
ӡ磬Ҳ򲨺һߡӽռ䣬Ʈˡ²꣺ҲϵˣҪҵһ壬ҵˡ
Ȼԭôһ¡
ʵôӦ֪Ԩ֮Ӵʲôˣ
Ȼ֪һ޼ڶɵĻ绯ɡ˵Ҳ֪ԨɵıʲôʲôҵֻǴһƽ⣬һԲĶһȻͱĺڰա
һ·̸ҲõһЩƷʯԴ˲⣬ֻǺĻʮֺ棬ĺİ಻סȥĺ׵ʲô
Ȼ䣬ϧͣסˣüˣƺиĺˣ
Ȼʲô˼ģ㲻һֱ
֨֨֨һֺڰѨĳ˵ʶ֮УȻرʶ˶Ǹ֣£ƺһЩ
е쳣׺ľմһƣȴûһ㡣ľȻûĳһҲ쳣ǿЩ޾Ȼһ㣬ħֱ֮ǿס
޼ǵһʱ˲ˣͷҲأǵһҲʮŲ¡
ϧæϿߣȥϣЩŹ֣
Ҳ׷˲ƣ㲢û˲ƻȥ칬ı˲ߣˮ˲ƵԶĵط򿪵ͼ˿ȷλãƺһǰ
ʶѹƣ֪ǱѹƣǱɣԨ޾ĺڰһеһжɵԨӺˡ
һϧ˵ģǰ˽Ԩأ칬ȥš
Ҳ֮칬żĴ֮ǰϿź֣ܶеĹâŵøҫĵطӹ㣬ϵЩ֣кڣûʲô⣬ȴϵá
ԭЩ־ǵǸȥһ̽µģ
ĸµе֪Ԩ֮µѾǺˣټǱͻһ򣬿֮ʲôûУһƬڰĸҲ֪ʲô
Ԩ
ȥʱ򣬾ͻһСǳĸǳΧҲһƬ⣬̲֮ģǺ壬Ϊûκڣ޷ǰС
޷ǰвǹȥǸѾֲסǿ֮òء
Ҳ˵·̲ûȫ꣬һһ·̶ѣ
㰴಻סĵĺ棬ʮºһ֪̽뷨ҵʵδܱ㡣
֪һǺȥЦôˣ
ߵ£ôܣĵطԨҲҵŪģô£ȥȥ˭˭
㲢û칬żѰʲôˣϾ£ʲôͱѹιˡʣµĲγɵļƷʯѡ
ҪߵʱһͷֳһһԼ
ˣһ԰һ˫۾ʮֺˣɫ΢΢ƺԶˣ
ҲǺ۸ģ˫ֱأĵ˹ʮ־㵣ӲСôƺ
ҽ㣬ѵüһߴҲϡû뵽вĺ
˺ٺһЦ仰öˡˡ


2321 ս
ɭĿ㣬еɱ
ϲɱŵʿ俴𾪺;ıʱߺߺߡ˽ŲһֽٶƮ㣬ĲԾ״˫ֻſһȡ
ͷŵѹ֮ǾħԦȷѪ꣬ಾź˶
纣һķ籩죬ϵһ֮УѾһħڵĺɫ棡
ħͽֺ俪籩Ȳѣĳķ籩Ȼ˺Լȭͷ
ͽֺ俪ԼħˮһЦϵıܳԶ˱ħ㻹ˣȰϽͶȽϺãϲˣҵħмİ
ٺ٣бµĻԿȭͷ˿ҲһָһУɭɭЦСˣһ
˿һĺڰ̷ֹͳƺû뵽ͨҲʲôطգɣϤĵط
һﻥ༥һչĶԹˮУҺɫɫĴ֮ؼνԡ
ͽһУʮŷ׭γһֱߣҲǲǰߣо˲򵥡
ȸֹУʱҪֻҪκһƱƴ֮¶ʧԼͿԳû̵ʱڽ֣ͷų֮ε֣һš
ܵη㣬Ϊ֮ڣѾˡ
еħҲǿƻΧͼơ
ΣȻƾУҺɫħûǰɫĹâҲûкˣǻེһһ񶼳˺õľ⣡
Ҳ㾹ȻĴأӾǷ׭ͷųĹâȻħ֮
еħҲǿƻΧͼơ㲢ԸΣȻƾУҺɫħûǰɫĹâҲûкˣ
һЦ˫ƺɫâŨãɱ˻˻ĿռΧƺһƬӵĳأֻʣѿӰ㴩⣬ӰɽӰء
ʧȥˮİͷĻҪҲʧȥ̡
˵񶼽˫СԷ׭Ƭһп˵壬ֱɵĻָħ֮ҲǴԣԼƮ˸оԼóõˣʮְְš
мˣԼΪҪ˸߳һԻָ似϶кǿ裬ֻܷӵĴ֮ҲͶԷƴ£ҪĻ˵滭ꪣȻǴҲԼķ׭ֵܵסȻҪ·硣
ۼɱϵԽԽãн꣬һУķ׭鶯չӸͨ۳ɽйٲĴŴϡ
ƴķ׭ɵƳ߷ǳߣƽǽĶȻʹʮ֣˻˻̶ȣֱΪһ鶯ıӣҷ׭Եͷųص΢ʹħ֮塣
ΪǸӡ˽ĵڱ֮У˴֮׶ԸҪĻӦܵõٺô
Դӿʼսֳ㣬ͻȻֱò˵ˣֻ滭ꪾһͷˮںڰ֮зڣÿһɱ

ķ׭ɫ滭ӲһǣӶһΣħһӰѹȶԾױѹơ
漴ϵ߽Ĺâ١˶Ǵʵ˶ӦԴѹħ֮壬һ£Ѱʿס㿹סˣ
ԼķǴʮŷ׭ʲôͷ̰Ķеķ׭
ҲҪɱλˣһ̫ǿˣ˷ܵ񾭡̫ˣ棬ǴӵħԼõ绢
һһƴɣǵȻǱžԵ侲͸߶ȵľ裬еɱȴ籡ԽŨӶ׭ÿһÿһʽãͨÿһȣÿһ̧㣬޲۷壬ԼһֵƵγɡ
ڰ֮ڣ˼ץȴؽڰвˣ
ôô֣ƾħ֮Ҳƣ
ǿҵ֮ҲǰԾΪսʧҲͨʳҩ𽥻ָˡ
ںڰͻȻƮ׭֮й֮һ˲ֶΣϧħ֮壬ͽһӣȻȵһױ
Ȼնһֱۣħָ֮ǿ˲ֳ˻
ٺ٣ⶫûãҶǷԸ˶˶֣ЦɱңҲܸԹͶɡ
һｵһ˳ԳȻʵҲĶͨȻҲ٣ɱ㣬ļ䣬Ҿѧıˡ
գû𣿡
ߣ֪࣬Ԩ֮£޿ɱܣٺ٣ֻҪռ䣬ҰץԨȥͱɡ
ߡ㲻ΪȻʲôûмϻ̫ˣɡ
ߺߣȻ㶼ó汾£Ҳ¶֡ͻȻͣһĺɫĳȻ˳һô£ҲһֱҲ
˿㾪ȵı飬ʮֵ⣬Ծ˰ɣħ϶ܵޱ޾ħϢȴԭ壬붼ǱԨϢӰ췱ı캣ħ弫£ӵбںϱ
Ġô̬óӦںϲˣ
ұԳҲǻɱãҵٶȿǷϼЦͬʱҲˡ
ಣֻǰ˻Σɫ洩ĠԴܻͨһܣʱĳ֣ͻȻȴûбر壬СߣͻȻҧ˹ȥץ˵ĳȴû˺١
һһһ˾롣
̫ˣٴɱöֻ֣ܱˡֲϾҪǲܹԼתڰĻڰֱˡ
ƾ͸Ӵˡ
ֻħŵֳˣ֮ͬҪǿ֮еһĴڣѾʼƴ
ôû취ˣ˶̬ưޱȣȻܺҶԿڣ԰ˣܶʿвҵĹʮغϣܺҴٻغѾܺˡ
ৣ㳷ڰ򣬸Ͻ˲ơó˵ǿӲĺĵĻĻɱģֻǾ͸ˣһһǿĴڡ˲Ƶ˽ĸš
ʶ˵㣬Ĵûϻˡ
⵹Ǹ⣬滭ꪲ򵥣֣״գ룬һЩҲǲԣֿˡ㸺ҧ֣ע
̴֮Ʈ룬˽⣡
ȥѾͷСͷ𣿡ϴ
ͣ˲ܵͻȻתһЦʶͽ͵𣬲Ҫңʮꡣ
׭һ׹⣬еһ֪׭ûһߣֱӵӲš
ʱͻȻ۷˻ָҲǼ˵ġɫһ䣬֪ƭˡ
Լħȴ޾塣
Ǻֱҧֱۣ˲УѾˣͺæ˲ˡ
ߣ룡һУȻּһ


2322 Ԩײ
ѽ
ıҲ֪˭˭ͬʱԺ
ŭʹСֻûһ飬еĴҧߵʱѹһԶݡ
ֱϵħۣ֮ͬһĸо˲䴫ȫһ˲ֳ˳ͬʱּһͬҲǴɱ¾֮ĳһ˲
߾ȫ趯׭еĹӳͽϵϹʮΣϵ
ۣͬϳԿƾħǿֱӺӲƴ˸գۼϸλĺȥ̵ֱܳܶδ壬ӲܿҪ
ÿһν㶼ͱӿѪ֮ȭÿһȭǱһȭܶһ˫ȭͷȻռˡ
һߴһ˲ƳˣӲƴȥҪˡ˼һԼ滭ꪣˣתôҲץ
ܣܻղʮŷ׭һͨѾħ壬ָҲûԭôˣֱ֮򣬱뻹ýѾʼ·ˡܹҲǸǵģػߣǲץ
㣬Ѿ滭ˣյħ֮ѾǴˡİ滭ꪶ㣬ΣãڵǱˡ
滭Զһ΢һԥǳԼ滭׷ȥˡ
ˣܣԱһµͼҽҪŵ㣬ŲܿƵؽЩҷɵĽöԸ
νҽ򣬾ǵ칬˵ܶ౻̫ʵķɽͷ칬֮󣬾ö֮ħʴ˵ױ
һȴǷЩҽڵױȻɱˣ㻹ûô¾Ѿмˡ
ܿ콣ͣˣĪʱĽٻ˳ϲ㣡Ȼģ̫ˣһҲء
ȻͨۿһĽٻȷӰ죬ŷĵǰٻǲѾ뿪ô
ĽٻյǱǷ˵ˣԭǸǰ˵ĸףΪӱģĺҺͺˣƱҪ׷ɱǣľ㻹ء
ľˣô£ʮ־ȣæʵˣô£
ĽٻֱۣľأҽʱģľϽ˾ƿ˽󡣡
ܶ𣿾ȻƵǶҪɢ룿
Ľٻµĵͷ࣬ʵ̫ˣʮ֮࣬һǿǻд֮ǿߣҪ°ūҲ㣬Ծûߡ
̾˿ԼĺģȻĽٻվԻϧһ𣬹ⲻҲ֣ϧԨ֮пѾ˻ȥˡ
ϧԳ嶯Ůˣһ㵹ʮְģǰҲǶԼΡ
ҵľ˿ľڽģһѹӵ֮ͭϿţ㷢ֽ֮оȻûˮƽءľҲ¶ɬЦݣ㵣ˣûá
ܵıסľ˵ⲻ㣬ң̫ˡǻ뿪֪ңҶԲǡ
ľҡҡͷסգˣټҾˡ
һԵĽٻŨŨ˵˵ֲľҲô˵ôѽ
˽εЦЦľ㻳УΪղѾ˵ĵҩǲҪʲôֻҪĻָͺˡ
֮⣬ץԼҲ˹쳣ŭΪĴѾˣû׺ƾʲôܰѴŪ٣쳣ķŭ
Ҳ׷ɱľŮԼ޼һһ
ԨΪǿĴڣȻ˾ɫŮӣҪūĺ֧ˡ
˽Ҫ㱨˾һļϣͬ
ѾԭͬˣԭıҽƿصģЩԶŷɽҲЩƾɣѾͬˣԱ˼Ԧһ˲ʥ鷨дУӡ
λԵԨ֮ߣæȥݼһŵû뵽ҲڣҶһϲֻͨˡ
һͷ޾ĻܻΣ˿޼ǰһģ
кʱѾǲԾıǸģĴҳȻŰ꣬󷨼󷨡
ô
Ͼ칬ż󷨣ǰ˲ݵģûʲôڱ˼ԦֻҪĻ
ôһ˵Ϊûϣǰ޼Ϊţ㲻ߺǾˡ̫ãΪӸҲҪΪԼС롣
ΪԨܹϣȴôһ仰вʡ
ģȴֵȻҴûΪЩӲʿϵõܶرĵãӴ󷨷֮࣬˭ܹҽȥ̽һ̽仯˵ܹЩüĿ
ȥ̽󣿡
ҪȻҪȥ߹۲Ƶı仯ȻҪӦԴʩ
ֻǰڵоԹ󷨵Ŀ֪ǽǧѪɫǿǾúðһͷƤ
ǽ󾭹Ϊĸıͼǿ֪Ѿʲô仯óȻȥ̽ûˣһᣬֻΣգһʱ䣬ԥˡ
߳ԾһֵܣҲǻΣȥˡ
ЩʵȻǿҲֲ֪俴˵汻˻ٵɵˡ˵ĶҲ׷ļŮ
˿һۣôǵ˼ǰ޼Ϊҽȥ
˲ЩõҲû֮ȥ̽һԾ֪ˣͣȻ˵пܿЩüĿȻҳ֮ҲߣôѲõôֲðգ
ֵĽٻòٿһۼôλԷĻˣǱ˱Ƶվҧãҵһȥ̽󣡺֮ҾͲʲô취£
ֵԣҲͷͬ⣬޼ҲֻӲͷƤˣͬʱҲóһ
ǽ֮еʱҲˣľҲָһơӭУȴǰסԭ£̽ѰԨ֮û뵽ǾȻ㣬Բԭ¡úά󷨣ȥ㱨𡣡
ľһŮ˵ľİ˺ǻΪԼͷľɵĵͷӦģһᱣЭġ


2323 շѹ
޼ϾΪΪں˵ϢҲǿһѰɣ޼˷ôĳϣҲǰ׵ģһ
զһСӣĴŵĶȷʵѰζ
޼ðһʿȻɱЩʿɱŨŨƺѰܡĿӴ󣬾ȻʮмΧߣ𱣻
޼֪Լ֮ܺЩһǻüֵΣյʱԼȥڻҡ֪ģҲΪԼĶӱҲôˣɱҲزͷֻӲͷƤˡ
һһ󷨳ȥ֮ʱоͬʱһɫħϢĲһͬʱ֣һλʥõǿ󻤶ܽǵǰȫڣԷֹʱܽٵΣա
ЩĴεûйʵǰɱʱһɲɱǵĿܣлǣǵƶ
𽥵ǵȴûĿֲУ˵µķɽˣƾɵķɽҲԽԽ٣ԭѪҲü䵭޼ſдŹ⣬Ҫâܿ״ֻڳ˶Ŀһ⣬ڲѾúˡ
Ǳˣ޷Σһ˫ЦڷأǴɷؽ
Ȼû˱ҽһѪҲǼλȴ˿Ҵ⡣ﷴǶǻĹСĲǵΪ׼
оȫ֮ʱһȻǿƣ˻ûüǰѾХŲһѾ޴ı˪֮˲˺ǲ㵭Ѫƣ޼
䣬һ˱пͬʱҲð޼ӵܵʱ䡣޼亹ղŻա
㣡˷ŭ
ߣס޼Ҳʮ⡣
ȴһʤȯյóһ𲧣ڱҽĶգģܲˣƬռ䶼סˣҪƵҲһʱ䣬⽣Ҳûʲôرǰɡ
˫ֵܺԾǶʮϤרŻɱʿǿߣӵиϡŹֵķ˲˿ɣԵ޼Ľ˿·һ·ɱۡ
˵꣬ɨһ۳еľȵŮģҪǸԼ䣬
޼ֻҪͿˡҲһʾֵҲû
֮УЩû־Ϳʼ̸۷ˣȻǻðɡżҪȴᣬһЦڰС
Ǽͷ񼶱ħⱬڰеɱȥδƽǹɿµѾףϵը졣
˾֪ʧҲǵһʱ˲ƽȥԽ˿·Ľʿڰǵ׷ȥգѳ⿴ûʲôв󷨡
׷ʱȴ΢΢һǸе˵ȷ㲻٣ԵЩʱĽҲơ
ҽȻڴˣ˵ݾ䣬ãмƣ
˲䣬Ӧ˹ķӦȻһЩ
ľٿ󷨵֮£ʮŷ׭֮ݺݵ˾棡
˵ֱӱƿҲţԼħ徹ȻпˣûüӦҽ֮âɱ˹ֱӽƬ
˺ôħ֮壬Ѫġ
ֻһҲ֪Ȼ֪ͱȻĽٻ֮Ȼһƿ֮ţҲή
Ľٻһ̹⣬˵ԴѪˣӦ˵ûá
˹ڳ嶯ֻɱҲõеĴʵʤһ
ԵȾϵʱѾ̫ˣѾ˵ʬˣ֮ǿ֮ı仯ܸıһУײ
ؼĽٻƿ֮˴󹦣ȻȻ˲͵ϮɱˣҲܵѪɱҲǰɱ
˵޼Щˣǰ˰յĴ֮ҲɵޱȡΪûõ
ҽ򵽴ǽâӰΪĲһǿ
ýָͣǶָȻ˰޼ף
ֱ˲ƹȥʿӦҲǼ죬еն˹üëһЩȻ˷Ӧ
ӦҲǼ죬еıն䣬ɱ¾ĹâһЩʿ˽ɫķĩ
޼ŵĵѣû뵽ҽȻ˶ལУһӰͼָ㻹ǵһʱ
һɲĸоͷѾҪˣԼߵĽʿȽ϶࣬Ҳǲη壬Ϊһʱ᲻ɱ
ŽһıϾЩʿ̫ˣҲնвһ㣬٣١
ͻȻ䣬˰޼ԶݶȥӰҲֱӲԥһݹ˳ȥ޼뱩ҽأһǷӡ
ԭһʼӳȥķûȡȻתš
޼գŸоԶϺ·ԣȴ޿κΣѾˣŰ޼ԷֻϾǶ֡
޼ɱҶɱһĺ֮
ЦٸҳϻɫͼɱǣǻᶯôΪ˱ңȻݺԩ޳ˣΪԼܸ𣿺ߣɡ
ɱ¾ķɫףžĴȥ޼Ȼ뷴ȴҲǵֿסϾԵľѹơٶȶûˡ
ɱ˰޼۷ȥľĽٻѹԺͷѾѹȵñر壬ȻͷɫĶſھǴ֮᧿Σ
ľļӳ£һĻ֮
ֱӼצȻУֱͷСʧɫŵ÷ڵϡͷûɱΪ˵Ǻѹġ
ŭֵʲôδرǿ
ֵȻŷֺʵǻҪѷɫѾˣľֱֳ˪Ȩһȣֱסֵܡ
ʮŷ׭ֱӶƿͷԴ꣬׻Ľ䣬ֱӰǸң
Ȼ͵Ĺ˴˸ʲô
ʵÿλɱЩʱ򣬶˼Ϻͬʱ㵱ǵ˿ȥƾаˡ
нʣһ˫Ȼûʲô̸ĿܣҶǶŶԷʱš
쳣㣬ֿǱҽ
Ѿ׶ˣһþ㾡ȫֻߣԦ󣬵ȷж֮
Ƶ˵㣿ҽԣһͷ޾ɸҸҵث־ͱŮˡ
Ľٻôϻ
ڰֹ֣סĽٻĻЦû⣬Ⱦͱȡ


2324 ³
ҽ֮УԷֱվ˻֮䲻岽ľ룬֮еľǿߣҶ£ܴܶԷ
ʤ㻹߸һЩϾɱ߸ΪһЩȻ㵥ҲΪܹܻɱġ
Ĳ˵˵ɱ˼ʵСֻԼʧⱾǲп׼򣬿ͷѾ̫ûΣˡ
ԴΪ֮󣬾һֱûʲôѹЩʲôΣգʲô־塣ʹ֮֡Իˣ㲻֮ûóȻж
ԼҲһһĴ֮ɱеʮŷ׭ʮ棬͸ʲô
һУһѳǸɱϵĶƴ˶ûʹô֮ƴȻݣǻҪԷ
ͨЩ̽ͽ֣˽ԷʵҲи
ͻȻԽһ˦һĽ⣬ҡڵĽӰкµϸ꣬ˢĴұܣеķ׭гһߣһ衣
ԵĽâ쳣ǿ󣬱Ƶ㲻ϺˣҲʮ⣬һȻ˾ĽСԻεӣûʲô𣬸ʹʿ֮еľУ˾̾
ΪŨصɢֻ
㲻ϵ˲ƣƮӰԭΪԲץԼ֪һصԼÿεĹ׼Ĵ
󺧣ǿ
Ȼʶٶٿ죬ܶ㿪ԷʶҲûãΪǾԵģһΧܰٷְҵ㡣
һƴĽնֱӰѹڵأһʯһ칬ż
䣬ҽĳ̡
һЦô֮ԼӮˣȻұϾǰˣǾһĥµģֻ¸ոնɶ򲻾ðɣôҵĶ֡
㲻ٴγ׭һ˦˳ȥžžž趯оһһ¡
ͻȻ䣬ɿʮŷ׭һΧԣԸŹֵķΧ£ۣŷ׭ֱӲԵ֮С
ħ֮壬Ƭ֮У󲿷ֵľħ֮壬ǿ󣬻ָҲǿ󣬶Ӳ̶ȣ²Ҳһ
ԶԼħܱ֮⼸ſƲ۵ķ׭ͱˣʮ⡣
һץֱӽЩ׭εΪЩ׭ͻʧϾԼ־˴ʲô飿
Ƿ׭֮ȴָۣˡԸӾ档ȻЩ׭һķ
˫˸־һк£ָ֮䣬Ŷ
׻һٶǼ죬ֱӴԵ塣
ҲûзӦղŻעط׭أ¾ͰԼˡ
ʲôףȻǿ󡣡ԿԼ౻һףֱš㾹Ȼǿƻ
𵱳žŰʮһ׶ûжԼ尡ʹõľʲôף
ϲܴˣǺܿԾˣԵԸߵĻָٶȻָһ㶼ܵӣ
һħ֮ۅ࣬Ҳ⡣ħ˵Ѫ屻ȴСһ׮ˡ
ԵĳһֱӰɣ㼸ܿǰԼ˲ƵնĽâӯء
û뵽Ļָ֮ǿһΪ㲻ܶһʱ䡣ƺ͹ˡ
ԺٺЦͻȻſһ£һˮ˳УüëһⲢһˮУǼǿˮ֮ˮͲһԻ۾Щ
ͻȻͱӿˮ˾ס壬˸оǴ֮еһҶۣƮֹһᣬѾԼһˮ֮УͨĹ޷ԼͻƳȥ
ɶݣͨʩչײֵһɲǣԵĸ߾ٴɽԴնѾ޿ɱˣ
ٺ٣նͷһЦ
Ϊ³ͻȻĽٻľûüӦҪʲôѾˣǷС
㣬Сģ

㿴ͷĴǲѰֶܵ˵ģҲûѡ񵲸񣬷۳һԺ
ž̡
׵ţԵķɽȴӲûն㣬ֻôɡɵһ˲ƣͶ㿪еĹ
üͷײ˺㣬ҷҲ൱ˣȻҲնϣ
û£ĽٻľҲŰղŵһ亹ŶԷƣﶼӮ˵ս
˲ƻһȭȭбŭףɲȭͷȭͷħɷӿɫ
䣡һըѵľ죬ʹ칬żĵ淢˲칬ǼӴ칬żֶǿ
ûʮŷ׭ƮѰʱͻԵ塣
ҲʶѰʽԸˣΪѾδ֮գҪ㣬ͱô֮
Ǳҽ֪ؼʱ̣ŮһģԼֻҪ뱻ˡ
Կʼı˲ԣһɱһűҽȥװеӡ
ҽһ޿ӣ칬򴩵ĵطΪ칬쳣ľ޴ռ൱һƬȻʮƵ¥谭һЩ˺;Ǳ
˾һЩҿһʹЩҲлȥĵطͬʱ뿪˱ҽطʹǹǿͻȻˮЩûס
°ҲֱҲںƶȻ׶εĸ֣һϣǾǰİѾѧԤһ
˻֮ƶ˵ѾûôΣˣΪľˣ뿪ҽ򣬶ĽٻҪԱ뿪
ȻҲ֪Էͼֻ벻ͨʲôܴԼأѲҪ
ƺ²ͼʵģҲҪΪǿߣҲϵģԶ٣ҲмҲҵĽ顣
Ц⻰š
ʱͻȻر壬ȻӴıҲһڳײͣȻס˳Ǳֱײˡ
ͬʱǸͨԨڣ
о쳣ǿͷţûбĵطԶˣֱӱײ˽ȥ
ƴϷɣ˲ƣһĪȻεסһͨ޷ʩչ
һ³ȥʶҲƺԨһᣬо岻ܿƣԼ·ڵԼǵǸëͷСȻɳȻԽָһ顣
з֣һЩˣһЩԼļԺ֮УӦǾѵĸоΪûκβʡ
Щ֪ΪʲôԼɶ֮󿴲Ӱ޷ôֻ֮ԼҲ֪Ϊʲôײ㣬ľǶ֮Լ
֪ΪʲôԼܴƿأһеһжй
㲻֪ڼ֮г˶ãȻ۵ʱ򣬲ŷԼһ̵ϣԨ֮Ȼ̵أ
ֱˣץһȻġ
ȻһˮӦþԨ֮ˣܵĹâޣԨ֮ϵĵط
µһطӦþ칬żĳдµرһСǳˡ


2325 
ԴԺ֮еĸּԼΪЩʼԼˡ
ΧˣղŴ칬żϵιȥˣһֱܵģû뵽䵽ﾹȻôһط
㳰ԼŪ鷳ԼҲˣ
Ȼͬˣﲻͬ˵ϣ֮һھ֪仯
ôˣѲѣʱô𣿡
ҡҡͷû£Լôأ̾ЩĲ֪ô˵һо͸оһһ˵šҲΪʲôڶɶʱûмӰ
ûв廰˵
Ҹղʱ򣬾˳˯ĵ֮ĳһּ·𱻻ˣҲ֪Ǳ˵ļ䣬ǰļ䡣ڵأҵǰ
ֱۣĿɿڴҧŵغҲˡ
Ծ˵渵һΪһֱǧӦУǾ½ߵĴ
ֹǧȷ˵㡣
ǧֻһǧ֮֮һУ޾ǧ֮ҵһֱˡΪ־ƿ飬Ҫɾʹ١Ҿͽɢ˱壬֮ȥˡ
˵ĿǵȷЩɣЩ䲢ǿйԴģȻȻģ㻹һֲʵĸо
ҵӵĵطǳ̲֮أָűǺڶһԨ޾ڣ̫֮顣ΪѪ飬ǳƫûзסڣԲŻе
һ飬æҧסѪ飬ȷǵԼԨõˣԼʩչͨƻ֮󣬲Ʈõġ
㾹Ȼ֪˵Ӧô˰
ЦĻѹִײ㣬֮ûá㱾Դûлָʵ
Цһֱ֪Լƣڲ֪ˣһֱԼԼԼع鵽Դλϡ
ֲ־Լ̶֮ǧ֮УҲǳԵĿĴﵽˡ
Ҳǳ־ĵĴ֮
һʼʱΪ֮ͽԴָǰļ䡣
Ҳָ֪䲢ǵڻָ
ʱΪ˳ɹԴһΪһķھһڱ𣬱ָĲҲǻǣǲʧĴڣ൱ӡһ
ҪָǾҪԴ϶ΪһУ
һŲ㣬סǿߣǿһĴڣӵдսĴܣ
°ͳѾ뿪ˡֻѾвͻ˰ɣϣûͻƵھŲ㣬ȻҵıԴɾΣˡ
ûȥϾ˵һЩ˵һЩҲˣ໵Ĳ󣬵ڵʱѾΪһˡ
һ·ԼΪָҲǼ죬ҲԼֵһںǰʲôһ·ӡ
̫ܲܰǳڸסǳǺڶģ֪һԼ뿪ǳǾҪ˲룬֪˵ȥˡ
򵥵ķڵѪŻԭĵطǲͬģûһеҲǷȱҲͬ⡣ôʣµķǳ֮УҵһƷ
ƷʲôƷ
ţ뿪ʱطᱻ˷֣ǾˡǺһЦҲȫһ㹻ıڽĺߡͻ𾳽硣
ǸӵкܶණһһĻǾԺճֻû뵽һȥȻôʱ䰡ǺһЦʱ䳤ҶţƺҲû˷֮ء
㿴ͷͻ˾磬Ҳ뿪ռģԻвٻľұҪ뿪£Ժɡ
ߵǳһߣһߵӣһδн籣š
ǰһֻ̣ҪӮн⿪ӵµĶ
Ǹȴô²Ӯ̣˾ʧء
㿴ŵԼ̣֮һжûб䣬ԼûвԼ֣о֮ܣԼֻܻǧ
ԲŻѱԴһΪ½ȥ
ʱŷţԼΪˡΪΪһŲݣ£ߵڡ
оԼֲյѾˣ޷ģԼ޾ܵģ
ԣΪһ޵ģ仯ġ
ԼıԴͬʱҲǰΧ֡
ƣƣ˵˫ʣһ̿ҺһǾͱȻˡûжɽĿˣһְ
㷢Լĥ޷ƿ֣ץһźӣһӡһ˫εִ˰ӡ
һѾһˣµֻһ֡
˼Σʲô·ùˣȴûӮ̵ʤżˣķ̫ʱ䣬㣬ײӮˣ
ûʲôף֡ȵȣԼת𣿶԰ûмලߵ֣Լĸˣһ˿ǰձʤѡ
ЦˣͻȻףΪʲôܰԼȥתѰͻƣΪʲôڵ뵽ƽ֮ˣǾס
֮㣬Ǻ׵ģ̣ԼӮ˲ͺˣǱͨԼòԥѡͨ
һɲû壬Լȥˣзӡס̫ڣʹָ
ؿ֣һźӣͬʱȻһŰӣ
̿ˮԼľ֣ûʲôලĴڲŶԣЩ£Ͼ뿪ܾ˰
ʵ֤ĲǶԵģеֻͻȻ֣ȻѣûжκηӦ
һһɲйоأһֶΣȻӮˡ
ʱһӰ֣Ȼ̬ʲôӦ𵱳µӰһ̾Ȼˡ
һ㶣Ӱʶɣ
Σˣ㲢ûмŽ룬ΪߵѾˡ
ֻӵаԴ˲ȫתܷΪˣÿԼı¡ҲĦȭƣڽǰҪʵĿսʵãҲһҪˢ


2326 񼶾
㿴ľݣڻܽȥԭƿһеĴڣǴ
ֻаԴȻ޷ͻһԼµĽˡ
һһͷ񼶵ľƾ۳ӵдĵڶʵıƴˡ
ȴܵϢʲôޣ
˼ת۵ѹԼһģҲ֪Ƿӵдȴ̫飬μʮ͵Ϯİ񼶾֮󣬾ϣ̲סɫҲˡ
ǡܣ㾪̾־ļѾֵģӵδصԽսϡƽ¡
ƾǰԴļ䣬֪ӵαÿһαƻܶǿ졣
Ϊ̫ˣΪ壬
Ķһֻ޴ĺɫƬܣ׶ߣĿצ絶ͨܲͬǣĲϻһƬƯƬƵ󣬸ԭȾϢ
֪ѾǾ߱ǿǻۣˣ񼶱ǾԵľޱͼΪǿ޴඼ͬİҪǿϲ٣ǰֻҲˡ
ΨһҵľûдȻûˡ
ͷŵǰڣ˵ΪһֲʵȵƷ˵
ӵеҲǰ֪ĴڣЩɫѿԭΪҲӵ񣬶ɶ֮ģ۵Сһ㲻ؼʱ̲ƴɱ
ǵǻܵرǿӵԽɱ
е࣬ȫƤëֵܵ޼˪ѩȵȣٶҲǿ⣬ҲٶȼҲѹ
ô죿
㰵ҧǲˣѾطˣܵĻôľĽٻȥΨһİ취Ӳƴˡ
Ӳƴʹʮķ׭Ҳǻܶ֡ҶһŲŽŲҲְ忴㡣
ԣֻҪܴսߣҾһһϵһɱġ
ߣôҲôױɱġ㷴༥
㻹ûʲôĻͻȻͷصͺһֻצ˳ͬʱһռԾɢŴƿռѷķϢ˲Ĺ˺צݺݵץ㡣
Ҫǰ˺ƬôԼܵõŵԣ»ϣ
ˣƴˣ
źХĿֲâȭͷŭһʩչͨǻȭȫ֮žž죬Ѫ䶯ۣȻȭͷſֲףݺݵӭ˻ܵצ
䣡
ȭͷըһƬǳըѿһӡ
һһڲݵ֮ٴչ˶սһʱ䣬ȣΪģⲨƲϵɢȥ֪˺Ҳγ˺ۣ˵ǾĶǡǿѾõ췣׶İ
ǿװ̶ҲЩ޵Ĵڡ
ɫΪѪӿǺ죬عݺһȭɫ˻ܵԴ֮ϣ˽Ĵ졣
Ҳ׵ǿƴȫΪʹֱˣ
𣡻ͻȻۼѸӣȻ壬һΣ
㵹һǻܵһα
˵ʱ٣ʱ죬ܵצҲץؿڣӯǹιķۣȴǴһƬѪ⣬һɲ˿ڡ
һ˻Σվȣָܵ
֮Ĳ໹൱ԵģܻһεıᣬǸʱ򣬾Ҳ򲻹̫塣
ҪҵҲô׵ģؿھʹȴҲĺʤģ˿ɿȬ֪Էٶ죬Լδظϣֻƴʮŷ׭Уֱֱ˻ܡ
٣ǰһ̡˿˷Ī
ʱ˿̣еĴ֮תϵ͸׺ͷ׭֮һȭ챦ǳʵʰȭûܱ޿ɱܡֻǻҲûҪܿ
𡭡
ܿǰСྐྵȻ𹥻ǲܵģֻӲƴӰȻֱ¶һ޴ĺ壬ͬʱĳ
ǻеƼ
ֻצӶûһֻĺܣ˺еĿռ䣬صĳ㡣
ǰϾԻΪ棬Ͼվġȫܻϵš
ǰ񼶱𣡵ӵɫס׭֮вǧ֮һжδ֮Ȼǵһθƴɱ
źХĺӰȻӰǣԼ־ĥѣޱȼᶨİȻӰõ·ްΧ֮Уʶ֮еĶǾŭȴǡ
ǰֻɢĴ֮Ի˵־
ھǰ֮־һ̶ֳȵӰ첻ɲ֮䣬ѹ˵ȭͷͬʱʮŷ׭ͬʱڣ׻ĳˢ
䣡
ܵĴ֮ҲһųڣıһѪ
ɫҰףϾˣñֿ֮ס֮ȭͷٶȴ˿ԽԽ죬ȭͷصغԴ
䣡
һȭȭȭһͨСÿһȭ㾡ȫǿ׳
ŻܵԴڶ̶䣬˰ȭͨԳ
Ϊŷ׭İÿһȭȫƿ˻ܵ壬ɵ˺ڲˡ
ԴǻȫĵطΪڶαʱۼףԴûУĺ£Ҳͷۻһ˿ѪҲʼҡˡ
ԴˣӮ˿̾һͷϵĹ
𡭡
ܷ˻ȫû뵽㿴ͨķ׭ȻƿԼƤû뵽ԼĻָȻȲ׵ƻ
ΪѾ׽ŭȫӿųɫĹâȻǴ֮
ȴ˿Ĺθ۳ԼĴ֮Դ֮Ը֮ڼԴҲ˲ôˣʱֻƴ㹻ˡ
ꡭ
͵Ѫ˫۱Ⱥ죬һӲ˻ܵĹʶѾЩģϵĴ˶˵С£ؼڵܵͣԼ˺ѿ
ʱҲ˷֮УԼڵɷŻܵԴ
£Ļ˵ôࣿ
·꣬ʤ
Ϳ˭ֵܼ
ôôҾһƬհףֻʣŭţţһҪ뿪ȥİŮˣ
ȫ˿֮УϵʩչͨܵԴһȭһȭһȭ
ƴĶԿڼҲʾϵ㹥ȥǶסˣ
ˣѱˣȫѪģϵȴԽԽǿңʵҲڼһȫĸ߶ȣÿһȭƺõ˵ϵȭҲԽԽԵֱǰ
أƺ뵽һΡ
ء
ܷĲҽУĲϺ£оΣ֪ôģڴʱ˿̣С࣬һַĵηС
գûϢ
ڴڵĴæһŵҩָָƣͻȻһӿÿüͷһ壬ֹǣ


2327 ֮
ڵأָƣղƴһ˿ᣬڻܻûɶνʱһԴԴͨꡣ
Դ֮ͺİſֵסܵĹƣӮɱڶҲ㴳ȥˡ
ڻָƵʱͻȻӿһرʮ֮ͻȻ̾ǰļ䣬ֹȻʱͻƣ⡣ǸղŹżܻܣʹԼ
鷳ڿҴܵݱΪиղŻܴԼγײж壬ܼʱʱһͻӰ쵽־Ϊһײеıͽɱ޹֮ˡ
ǣܵĽ֮ȻǰûʧϾǱ֮ƾܻȻĴڡ
ſɣ֮Ȼ͹ˣӵˣҲǵͬӵˡĵֻҪˣӦҲӣͻҲǺʱ
µҩϢƬ̺󣬸оԼָ˵㣬ϵ˿ҲʧˣߵԱߵǹӿôʼĿˡ
ʶ֮򿪣;ҴܵĿϢżζèӵĿҪʶ֮ȿֺĳԡһжĿʹȻ
΢ᴵԼĪһʱ֮
ˡۣȭͷƻָˡ
ڿ񱩵ϢѾһɶûбϢ֮ӿֵǹҲʱѹΪ֪Ҫͻư˾磬ûİ£Ҫܳһʱ䡣
Ĳ𣬻Ͻµķڣҵʵ鵤ҩΪãʱؼС
Ҹ˵ľǽ֮һݱֶΡ֮Ķܴ֮ͬơ
ҲǴܾõĽɡ
лҪѵ࣬䵱УʱԼΪǷˮأȻڶصоǿĴڡܿܺһսİԼ֮ӵз׭֮Ҳҿǻûдء
㰵˼ңԶļ䣬˼ŽΣգؿһڶؾٶˡ
ٶ뵽Ҳٶൢ飬ֱǰſڡ
ʱǳͻȻˣ·һرɨ㷢ԼȻʧȥˣûˣ
ȻһͷԱ֮˳üëһԺļ䣬ȻһԼΣˣֻʮεĻᣡԼһԱץɱʮΣԼ군ˡ
˲ñģ̻ͷܣǱͨôܵùԱأǳƴһȦѾܿģɽǱ׷ϡ
һ׷Ͷ㳹ˡӡҪɱõķء
ζϿʼ˼취
ǳĲݵϣֻţСԱڲݵħֻͨԱ£ҲֻܸɱˣʱĲ
Ա֫ý׳ȫƤëһɫͭǮһӡۣɲղֱһ󣬱ҧʺ
ʮĻᣬʧȥ˾ŴΡ
ԱٶȶʧȥΪͨ˵˵̫˾ţǵһȽѵʿҲϲʳı쳣׼ȷһͷḻԱ
սһٶ걬ԼĴڣҪԽԽٶȡѵ㡣
ȻұˣͨˣǱȻ޷ԽԱٶˡҧ촽ֹôԱͬһˮƽˣ
ΪͨˣȲܴ򿪴óֱҲٻ׺ͺһжÿԼ
㿴˿ƺֻһͨϾǱ˵ĵطʾӵбֻǳ겻䣬־̶Ķѡ㳢һ£һ֦
ϲ۶֦Уѡ˼ֱģͬʱ֣ʼ֦ǰˣŪøӼԱҲֻͨԱУһǿƶǡ
ҪȡʤΨһǰԱȸŪϣҿ㻹ô׷ҡĵǱٶȣͨҪԱٶȣֻΪʿˣǵúķѶ೤ʱ䰡ȶԱȻǲܵģΨһİ취Աٶ
һ׶೤ḷ̌ͻȻԱ˹ٶȼ죬һ˲ʧˣ㱳һ䣬ëը
ֻԱȻѾԣצŷľâץ㲱ӡ
Ȼÿٶȣ㾪ԤԼᱻ͵Ϯһõ¿ܹԱϮȻͷҲص߳һš
Ǳͨˣһһûа㲻̾ǶôС
عʱԱѾٴˣȻ˿̱Ϊͨ˸Աٶȣӵżḻľ顣
ֱ۵ڲǰԱ͵ҧסʱеì׼֮׼ĴԱǰŽǡ
һһʹԱʹĺУȴǳŻᷭһԣܿԱƵķΧ֮ڡ
סеĵڶ˳ìһ˦ͣԱ۾
һԱһֻŷˣһֻˣŭԱҪ׷㣬һһյģ׷ˣ˵ֱȻѾܶˣ˫Żܡ
ŲǺܴǳȦսһìղŴԱ۾һһһ߻ͷ׼Ǳȥ
໣ԱһҽУһֻ˵ѾܵˣֻŵӦҲǳٶֵۣסĳìɴ̣һֻҲˡٿٶȣҲ׷ˡ
Ȼ䣬һɱĪɨָֻˣֱϵ˺۷ɿĻָ˲ˡ
֪Լɹ˵ĹأһؿܶɹôܵõǰµĶˡ
ǰļԹǸͬ˿̵ԼɣȻԺ֮еļǶ˺ܶ࣬һ൱ڿ¼ָоû
ԼıͬиһЩ֪һУҲΪԼֻǰת֮ǰͬ
Ÿӵ˼ߵ֮ǰԡ
һӰܻǰƺڴѴӰת㣬ҲӵаԴģ
ǸӰ̼ͱԴؾȻĻᶼûС
һ統ɶʱתϰǧģǴġΣԽʮģΪѾ֮ܽˡ
֮㾫Ϊ֮һͻͻȻ䣬Щͱ־ǿ࣬һֻؼҵĹС
ˣˣڻˡûɵıһ仰˵֮Щ졣
ܿͻָ򶨣ֻǰԴԶûгΪĿܣǲʲôġ
ΪĽٻľȥء
Ҽǵӵ̫龫ǣҿٵͻƣչؾͻ˾硣㷭䵹ģƾѰһ汦Ҫ뿪ͱͻƣҪǿͻƣ
ҵˣ㷭һӣװһɫСʯӣصĹ


2328 ֮
̫龫ǣ̫֮еʯջ֮вдĺ֮۶ɣżС̫龫ǾѾ㼫˳ȫͻϾɾ˾硣
ڼ̫龫ǣʵͻǳȻ뿪طʱ仹üĻ˳Ԩ֮Ķ׸ס
ܿ죬ͽʵĵڶ֮Уǹ̫ǳĵطʮƯŵĵط̫ͼ֮ϡ
̫龫Ǹǰһ˿˿ɫĹⱻա
ͬʱһֱѹƵǹҲʼҵıҪͻ˾磬ǾҪǻǺʹ֮һһ־ҪӴܡ
һ˵ʿӵе޷ͻԶǰˣӵ̫龫ǣͻΪ˾磬ȫûġ
Ҫٵ˫ֵ͹Ѩϴӣ滻ڵѨҪζǵһĶ塣
ʵհǰµɺͷУ壬ϴ徭֮ܲȹԼľ磬ﵽԲ͵״̬˾磬׼÷ٵķ
Щ˵⣬Ϊ㹻ĵҩɽ٣ӵǳݣԴԴϵزʼմȫʢʱڣݽ޷ɽǲϵġ
ߣ㻳ɻ᲻нѽ٣ΪʾӣٲԼ֮ذɣǰǲġ
һ׼֮㿪ʼ͹ѨϴӡϴӣʱĿʼӴ֮˵ˣ塣һʼĹҲ΢ࡣ
Ϊӵǰļ䣬Ѿ˾飬»̫࣬ϾԴûȫںϣҲ㹻Ϊˡ̫龫ɢӡԼУ㿪ʼϱӿֳĵ
澭ԼУɳ˸ĽҫţӿȵϵںתΪСؿ£͹ѨУϵϴеĵһؿ
أ
ڵľڱʳʱҲûٽ٣ǰһæϴӹʲôһ㣬Ȼۡ
㱻̫ͨͨ龫ǣ޾ӿУ塣ͬʱҲ档
û̫龫ǵĻҪͻ壬ҲȻͻƣҪжࡣ˵ܷɾͰеѶȡӵ̫龫ǡ
̫龫ṩǿĺ֮㹻
ǰļʽܿѾɾ֮ΧγһУת̫ͼĪ⡣
ɫϲֻ֮ǵһˣİ̫龫սڡ
Χƶʱ죬ҵһһǹ⿪ʼ֮УѤޱȣͺͷ̫ͼУͬʱΧҲʼһϣǲ֮Ĵ֮ɵ
ۣ
пһһ̣ȫڴ֮ͻ֮У̫龫ǣ۳߿ѵһ
䣡
㷢һСˣӰʱƣյ̫龫ԽԽ࣬ԽʵҲȹϽҫ췱ǵ׺ÿж̺ſֲţܶʼ
Խǿ۳ɹ
˿糤ˮ̰̫龫еĲĺϢҲһ棬ĽӲӣʵҲϵ
ĺϢնС̫龫ƺСһȦ˾һǿޱȿУûǲ׵ģԱҪˬǧ򱶣߼ֱ͵صĲĸо
һǰֳʵ˵ľ磬˿̵㿰˺ڣĦϣڷȥΪһ壬ֺʧ죬ɽХƲɵֲ֮
ЦǸ裬Ҳڲ֮أԣӦշѹҲǰӵдѡ
ҪǱ߼Ҫ˳ӣڰԨĵطϾ֮Ĳ඼ԳģҪǧѣûдԵûоߵ츳Ҫ붼Ҫ롣
ɰѾʮֳɫˣֱΪˡ
ս߾ĶǾţԽͻƵȴķëǣϾ㻹ǴԴûʲôЩһǴŴɵľÿһ޴ĺ䶯ע
㲻̥̫龫Ǻǰļ䣬ҲС
˿̵޺飬ʰְ֮ע˫ϡһѾһɫĹƣֱֻ۱ܲ͸磬ûһ˿
֮Ҳƣ
ȭͷսȭͷĴһȭ
һֻɫȭӰȭϣĲһȭռڿռ˼̶ĺеһȦһȭۿɼĲƣɢȥ
֮ĿռγһɼǿѾ޷ˡ
Ƭ֮󣬿ռظ糣סˣһȭȻ˿ֲ
ҪǱʵʵУжܵһȭ˾绹ǱȰҪǿܶġ
ղҲ˽֮ȻҲûô
ͬǿҲܲ˰ɣϾԼ֮㿴Լ˫֣˷ܵԽջʵ̫ˣԨ֮ûа
ֻҪȥٻľǾԲˡ˷ܹѸ侲ϥ£ϢԼ塣
ҪԼľ۷壬Ҳдʱˣܼȥˡ
㲢ûмеĶУҲü飬Ͼӵǰļ䣬ߵǳĲݵ֮ϡ
˫һţȥܿ챳һǿ㱳
̫ԨĪ޴һǣĽҫһɲǼʧˣǣ˵ǿ
̫ԨѾκβˡ
ֱӴŲԨ֮ϵˮ˲칬ż֮£һƬ½칬żҪҵԭԼǸ׻ЩѶȡ
ΪΧһƬʶ۶κζ
һ£Ƴ칬żײȻǴ칬ż֮У
ˣ֮ߣû֪˵жǿ󣡺ο˼ǿߣͺͬʱ칬ż
İ칬ż̧ˣ
˿칬żǶˣ֪ʲô£ʲôԭڿ־֮иܵ칬żơ
ͬʱҲоһɾǿоסˣٶȻԽԽ죬úţ
칬żԨ֮ڴ֮ʱһνӴЩǶѾ𾪵˵ˡ
ڵʿҲǾΪ񼣡
ͬʱӴ֮óһ飬Ͷ뵽Ԩ֮С


2329 շѹ
飬һǳڵķͬʱԵˡͬʱҲ̫Ӵʹһڱߡ
һžӨԨڣȻܿľͳײԽǳס̫ͨǸͨ
һ˲䣬ɫ䣡Ȼ³±̫һڱϾȡһɲǣǻָ
Ũ̶ȣ˲ôƮ㣬Ҫǿ򱶡
ԭǿߣֻѣ֮û˹İ취һжǺ𵱳ĺ棬Ѫ顣ǰ䣬ȻǼᣬɵĶڸסˡ
ӵô˾ˣѵôײеʽҲ𽥱̭
ʧȥ칬żƮϸ߿գҪȥĽٻľȴǿٻӰ˹ϧԻŮ
ԭϧԻѾصԨ֮ϣΪԨ֮żǿʮǺʩչˡ
ԲߣͰ칬ˣкͺһ쳣ۣ࿴ѡ
Ի˵㻳㣬̫ˣû£һʲôء
һ㶣뻳е˶ݸһЦҺõúأûҾͷˡҲԣǻ뿪ġû뵽Ϊ۷˻˰޼
ʮϵĵǸŮôء
ϧԻ㣬ԷͬˣЩƮ죬ǿǿˡϧûʱЩ⣬ΪûĽٻľ
أ
Ӧûڱҽ֮С˲ǣæ˲Ƶҽ֮УУҽһĿȻʶɨһһӾ͵ˡ
ҽ֮Уľ֧ŽԼǿĽٻľˡ˿ҲΪʲô칬żɵأ
˿̵Ժк׾һĪδؼŵŨе棬Щɱ¾֮Ǹ롣
ӦѵĴڶǸ롣
ʱˣ㿴ԣп֧ŵĽٻбӣ˽֮С
ͬʱԻϧҲ
Ȼû뵽㾹ȻûˡƺǿˣϢڶʱͻ˾磬˻Ϲ҅š
Գٺ٣λҲˣ̫ˡ
㲻ԣæߵľĽٻǰŮϲޱȡĽٻǲһеıס㣬ӵ˵˵ˣҾ֪˵ѣŵġ
Ľٻѩ˹§ס֫㺹û£ⲻǺúõ𣿡
ľҲǲ԰¶һ˿ЦݣҾֵ֪Ͷˡ
Щ۵ľˣҪԦҽĴ󣬿֧ţľ˵˺
ĽٻҲǼæɿ㣬ľ˼ˣ㣬һҪΪľ㱨𡣡
صĵͷٻľˣȥʰԡ
ɫԣأҶ֣ԼŮˣƵľƼأѾŭɶ
ȴǶİŵÿСӣҽ첻Ҫ㣬һҪҵūȻȻ㿴ŪŮˡ
㲻ΪȻȻˣȶ֡
ԹЦһУĳǧȫϾϵĴڣϾľ
񼶱ľ裬ǵϴ
Կ˵ȻǼʵǿǧҪԸǻǺ׵ġ
Դһӣͬʱ֣ǿĴ֮ͨҵ֮֮ͷųԼǿı졣Ŀľҷ
ԿЦΪɡ
ˣֻǾһָֻеĹȫһָָɣγһɫĻС
һ̣ȫס
ЩҲϧˣǷֶЩԶԶۿҽӽʿǶˡ
ôͻȻǻҪôֵ
һ̣һ˲Ĺ͵ˣֻһָ
оĿɿڴֱ֮Ӱָ۵һźɫ쵰˦˳ȥ̼ըһƬ
еľɵˣղԼĴĹȻܴ˻
һ˲䣬ǧȫˣԨ֮ϣǶ־Ŀ㣬ʲôȻǿ
ԿЦˣһͷֲԣȴûء
ΪҪ٣ҪӴﻹйȻΪķĻۣҲǿɹٶѡ
ԴԴϣºķѣǳ롣
ԿԦȫͬһεĴڣҲ룬˲ƾߡ߾
ϧ̫ˣܵĿռѾ˲ˣ˲Ʋȥ
ЩֵĿЦı顣
˵ҪػҪҶ֣ǿ𾪣ҲĽٻԻ𾪣ǼˣϾʵγɾ
Ůϲ֮ʮָˣԽǿǵԽǿԼԽˣ
ԲİԼʲôһﰡԨ֮ûˣȻڶ̶̵ʱͻ˾磡ֱǲܡ
վǰɲš
ſںһšĴֱͨӴ̼ԵʶԴ졣ܿ͵ڵء
˵㲻Źġ
ˣľˣôЩһж׷ˣ
ܵűߣĵˣҹۿ˵ͣ飬ˣһҿ˵Ҳ⡣
ߺߣȻģŤԴʵôͣʸҾ㹻ˡ
ԿĿɿڴһ˾Ĵڣ
㵽ôģѵԨ֮µصıزɣԼԾĹ
ͻȻ֣ſѪڣֱҧסԵλȶ񣬺¡¡ײ칬ż
ȻȰ𣬶Ϻľľɲ顣
ʰ֮󣬼æߵľԣĽӵ뻳УѾ㱨ˣģԺҲܵ۸ˡ
㶼ó־ʰԣȻ𾪡
һʿԼЩ˵ľǣΣмʶĶóѾ˾磬ŵòҶˡ
оĴţԵѹ֣һ˭˭ѹָо
ʶһɨǧǵûҪɱǣҪһЩķŴȥ
Ϊ֮˺Լȵһرʶ͸Ĺۡ
Ͼԭһе޵Ĵڣƿһз͹ɵĴڡֻΪ׷ĴתΪˡյǰļӰ죬һ鶼ƽȵġ
ЩղֻԣϾʮִȵԭǡ
ɵ֮У칬żŪģԨҲҷӡģֵҲΪһϵΪֵġԺǿ󲻱ѵ
һУǳõĸһһ׳ЩʺֻǿͷȻΪһʼžѵ
Ļָ罫ӭů


2330 칬ػ
ʰ֮ٻغ𣬿żŮһ𾪵ĿԼһЦңֻԨ֮ͻˣΪͻƾ޷ؿ
ľĵһЦ̫ˣ㾹ȻֱǿˣȻú𾪣˵ǿǾζŸȫˡ
Ľٻıסֱּۣн֮ˣҲǸ˵˵˰ѾˣԺǾڴϺҲûйϵˡ
ڨڨһЦͷƬߣھǵĿꡣ
ǸطʲôرŮɻͷ
˸ӣûֱ˵ʵȻͻõҲֻٻûжɶ򣬵ٻɶ֮Ǿʹôһжýˡ
֪ھ㻹ԼĴԴһֻںһԴԼָܻôһеĲҲͽˡ
֪δػôףϾԼѾתˣȻ˼䣬˵ҪһһʲôĴ
Ҵתһ쿪ʼڣѾ˰֮ãƾѾǿ߽ˡ
һһԴȡôɾͺ³Ϊ־޷ƿһˡ
Ҫ뿪֮ͻȻһ԰칬ż룡һâʶˣͻ
ͬʱһһˣӵõ𣿡
ǿԲ˺嵴ͺɵĳ󡣺Ѿͻ˾磬ĳȻӰ죬ȴ
㰵ԾԷҲ˾ģƺ칬ż֮а칬żԨ֮ʲôⲻѲɻһֱ칬֮ڣ
㿴ǵֱʵʥ⣬ͷԼŮҪȥңľˣж
ϧôһжٵиӦɣȥԻٻչľˣǱҲܸӦ
ϧͬԻŮƴӣҲϲ˰¡ִļֵУҪǱǣ˿ô죿Էˡ
ϧһţǿɱ¾Ϣ˵ǿʵ
ϧߵʲôϵҲˣҲղԨ֮£ͻȻʧ֪жൣֻȥӦ㣬ҿɲǻƿ
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ֱۣðһͷ׷ɱҵ˶ȥˣ˭
ͻȻǺ쾮һͷǽͷƺһɫķӡӡסܿµȴ޷۾
εҲôˣҲ֪Է˭ɺ㻹칬ż㻹޷ӡء
ϧĿź𣬺߽͵һǺͬһʱڵĴڣǵںʱڣһˣ󡭡
ͷ䣬תǰԼƺһǧʮһ磬̫죬κӦþǰ
˺˵ԭͷǼͬɺǱʱ칬衣þԨ֮
ԨײõѪ飬ʹ칬³칬סΧ׷ɱΪɵ̫ǿɱŻᱻǿа룬ҽ̫ǳĿռ䡣
Ʈ²Żص
ɺҲͺ𼤶ΪǿոΪһֱѹȻǿҲǱѹơԵʵǻǺǿһ
칬ż֮е쾮Ǻɺ֮칬żǸ³ģһ³ġ˸ֶ취ȴЧ
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칬׳Ԩ֮ȴ½칬Ҳı壬Ϊ칬ǱǽҲǺܶĵرġ
˺ǿʼǿǿǻûз칬ֿʼ⣬׷ɱ
Ǹʱȫ綼һ̺ңֱҵĳĽѵ˽ѵͺ˶һ
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ʱһЩ󵨵ĺ֮ͽҲ˹ΪżǶ֪칬żкܶ౦ѾӶˣһЩңҲңҲƴԨʯ
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Ǻεȵ֪Լг𣬷Ѿˣ֮£ûپ֡㣬޼ϵȻϵãۼҪɱûɹڱԼˡ
ʲô𣿵ȻﰡܶԶܶԶ
ʵ޼ϵǶˣѾˣϾ˼䣬ôٰСأ
ɵȲǿˣҲʲô״еѾȥ칬ż֮ڵѰء
ʣʮΧߣ쾮ǴɺԽԽϵ칬𵴡
ɺҪ޷赲ģҲûҪߣɺҲ˾ڣԼͺǰڣδûһս֮
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𣬰ų޴ɺڳ˷ӡ˳Ǿ޴ɫһƬۼī
Ǿ޴Ԩ֮ľΪ֮
𲻷ˣͬǺУɱ壬һһڣͷ߿ԣսһʵСʿֱӱǼˡ
ͷ˾ľս칬ż֮ϣͬһ죬ָҲв˿ʼעµʼĩЩʷʱ̵ʿĿϣһǿߣȻʷᡣ


2331 ֮ս
ƹգͺ֮ɱʼǰжԹؾۣǰĶԹΣͷúôһֳʤ
Ϊǿ룬Ʈ£ʵ𡣶ȴҲΪ쾮ʵ޴
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˵꣬ͻȻʼɢˣ˺ɫֲ죬Լû֣ôˣ֮ɲ˵پͻٵģѪҲǺ׵ġ
˹ȥȥһɲǣɫۣλ棬צֱץס壬á
˵Ϊұ꣬ͳٶ𣿺ٺ٣ƣ
צֱץ˺壬һںɫɱ¾Ϣ¶ź壬쳣ܡ
໣ʱƣѾΧ۵⣬ĥ
ϧǵÿˣ㣬㻹СȥҪġ
޶ãսǲӦò֣Ϊʲô˵ҪˣڲǷʱ򡣡
¡ű߿ˤµĺϧ治֪ôǺѪȥϢ
ȻģһɫĹâסʹ𽥻ָȻ鱣סҿٻָ
𣡺ᣬֱ³Լĺ飬ݺݵҹȥһ³ԼĽ飬γ˾ʵӲӲ
ķʵȻ˾ڵĴڸǿˣոͻ˾磬ȻҪһЩ
ͷ֮ɱѾȻǿһѹź˭óѾˡ
ͻȻβһŴֱ֮ӳ˹ȥɱ¾֮ΡΡ룬ɨ֮ʹݣ칬ƽף޼᲻ݣҲ޷նĵשһѺۣ
ϧͷȥһĻԤкҲҪˡ
㾹Ȼ޶ð
ϧôţȴͻȻ˲ˣȻѾƮ˹ȥ


2332 Ϣʱ
žֱס˺ɺĲԾβͣĴ֮֮ȻϢĻ׺һ
ɺҲס˹ƣǴһҲûʲôٺ١
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ҡҡͷӵѪ飬ôأǾ̫ˣҪƴӲսķʽкֵܶġ
Сƻ֮ϣѾˣٴȥ㲻֣ѾˣұҲҪ鶼ˣǾʮֲˡ
㿴ɺҸʱϢ۸ҵͬ飬ˣ
Цһ㣿ɺмҸɱذʱ㻹ûأ࣬ҪΪɾ˴Ϊж˲𡣡
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ŭſϢ˹ղû㣬ǳɾƴȫȡʤ
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ٻϣʱ֮ãصĻȫֵȻ޷˺ֺ
أȭͷҲͺһױӲİѺ鵯
ףһȵĿȭͷϵףױ쳣ǿ󣬱ԶԶɨо׹һЩԵĸо
ٺ٣ôǲͬŪףֻԼĳƣҲ侲
Ȼǿ󣬲ʶдͨҲýˡ
üΪԼȡһЩôͨұ꣬滹ûָ״̬Ƿѣ㻹ӲӲĴ򣿡
ڶΧ۵ʿһƬȻΪ޳ܣϧǸ㣬Ҫȫˡ
ڰˣΧ۵ڶʿ԰꣬ķڷҲҾ˵ҾͨסԼһִ֮
ã˵ģϣԶšʮָˣǸɵӣԼεģ³ŵͨ
ϧˣôôأ
ǸһôÿζϧߵȭͷҪˣҾŹ㡣
ĽٻüҲ˺㣬ȻĵϧεĳŶͷߵŮôһء
ǴжֻͨǿģҲǳԴϧ겻ҧӣⲽ
ĽٻȻϰףҲ쳣Ĺĺ⣬֪ϧźԨԴҲûġ
Ľٻһסϧ֣ƽ˵ֻҪվı㹻ˡһֱ㶼漣һΣһ㲻Ҫġ
ϧ毺õݣ¶һ˿ȣԼӰ㣿


2333 ǿ
㾫ʹͨԣ˵ȷǺܴƣֻ׭֮Լ׶ϤҲֶΡ
һ·ºʱ⣬ܴܺΪɺǰ㣬ޱϤǿ֮Ҳͬʱ֪С֮
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ħһƽеʮŷ׭·Ϥս⣬Ҳǵĵһ֣׭Ĺâһ˰УɲǼûްĽӰ
˿˿ױž֪öԸ
ɺû˿ȣ֪һķ׭Ǽ򵥵ĶŰеĽӰü˵̽ҵƤж𣿺ٺ٣ҲŲҸᣬ㲻ҵġ
Сýޱȣܴڿռ֮Уɵıܿ׽Ӱĳ
ӵ졣˵ţһе׽ӰȻըͷųĿֲâϢֱʣһ̣ͨӹ̹Ŀռ綼ѿӣ׽Ӱը·𻯳һ䣬ɺȥ
Ȼ÷ΧĽú޴ɶ㣡
һҪ̽嵽жӲܾζ˺ÿһ㶼Ҫ׼ļ㡣
ߣɺ޿ɱܣٱܾҪ뿪칬һƬΧˣǾˣſ죬³һƬ֮ͨº˺ɫˮڣͷϾһƬƬħ֮ɵۼףӨ͸ۼ׻ӣ˲Ͱ嶶סˣصˮ©
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칬żƺըѿųƴ޷ѵ칬ƽףȻһӣ㻹ûʹô֮ء
㣬ǸӮҵġ
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䣡ȭӰȻɢ˻ΣһѪ
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˵ĻҪܵһķɡ
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Էǿͺɺ쳣ĽεĶ˫ûȡ̫ƣЩϷ硣
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βһɨȴʲôûɨţϾƾٶʹÿһȥʵʵǲڵġ
׭֮Ĳϳö֮ƿ˺һ㾧廤ֱ֣Ӵ֮ϡ
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Ҫʱȴ޴ְ㻹ƮƮȥٶ̫ˣȶ̾˲ƻҪ졣޷ץ
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ôǿʲôֻ֮ԷҲʹô֮˾ڣƴпԼ
ôһֱԼһ·ػװɡ
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㿴ŵһϢĺһƬƬͣĳ鴤һգһգȻû뵽һ
ףһͿʼۣҴˡֱӳԼʧ󣬲Ѿûлһˡ
㵭һЦۻһ졣
𣡡ɺͻȻ̧ͷȻΪ˾ʹˣҿħ֮壡
գħԴһٶȻָȻħ֮ҲһɣֻҪһʱľָܻ
źɺٴվ˶һ˳˾Ȼܸô
˾ȣɺ֮СΣûмȥ˼ȥȻһµľɫŮ
΢΢Ϲˡ㣬ûκζ⣬ϾؼգҲ㣬ܴңҷ
ĿɿڴһŮôܻñεģѲʲôرķӡ߽ɣ԰Ůģô㣿


2334 ׼
ɺȻһŮŲһĿǣֱĽʽ֮Ȼ˵Ľò
˴۾㣬ŮȻò΢΢Ϲֱо԰Ϊʲôȴǲữأ
ŹԼеĺʵ㶼ữΣôˣͻȻģһһ˿ӳˡ
Ϊε˵ôµУٽӴ࣬ҶԻûʲôȤ
˻㶼ˣô˹ĳصӾȻǺǻ
Ŀɿڴ㣬ֱӻС֮ϣʶĹɣңԹڻָϣ㲻ҪΪ
ǺһЦȻĿڣȻ̫Ϊѡ
ԺŮڰ֣߰ɣ֮䲢޴ޣȻѾˣǾͲͺҲһʹΣ
ŮŬ룬˵ҲûеطȥǾ͸ǰɣ˵꣬ҲСһСȻϲƹȥ
Ҫܣȴ̾Ϣһɡ
ȻֹһǰǲһȵİԺǳȥģüһȻˡ
ȿȣɲҪҲ룬ҸûʲôģˣȻҪǿץ衣
ΣȻ˲ʵԼ֣ܽҲ¡
ΪкţԼͺһ壬Լ£ҲͬģˣҲܡ
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ŵıԺ֮ڣص̫ȽȽվ֮⣬Ŀо̫ˬˡ
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ľߴ㻳УԨ֮ọ́ľĹϵֽһѾͱһҡ
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ûˣҲһѣľɬŤ֫ӵùħצأ
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оǿԼжɶɹͻõ֮ܳģԭ׷µĵطˡ
ȴ֪ģԼǿߵһطĿԼתеʱ䣬ܱԼĴԴԼķ˰꣬ȡؼ䣬ôһǴԴˡ
һŲ㣬ʵȥûʲôΣյĵһõھŲ㣬ʵҲ߲㣬ÿһ㶼һ磬ÿһĶǿ߶ҪŬͻһ㡣
һ棬ǽˡ
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ϱԴµĹء
ҪͻˣҪľ̫ˣκһǿ߶޷㹻ĵرһҪ٣
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֣֮˲ߣʵˡ
˵ĻΪԶ̶ڰ˾硣ͺ˵Сǵѡ뿪ΪԶֻа˾硣
͵͵ľΣˣѴＯкôַ
ľߺôһƨɣˣҿһûʲôˣľԹȥлڽãҪʲôôַأ
ʵҪĺܼ򵥣ǾŮʵĥ󿳲񹤣ŮѾϾĴڣҪͻ˾Ȼкܳһξ롣
ĽٻԻ˴УͻҪ׺ܶ࣡
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ѽȻûбˣ̫ð
⼸Ů˸ﶼ˯ô


2335 
Ů˯ʣҲû취ֻӵ̸ˡҲϾǰʼûܹ˯ˡ
ʿֻҪܾ㣬˯ȴһܰЩǾţ־ԨһУԼɺ˶Ƕƣ롣
ʱ֣ŮڴѹЦ̵ļǰ˵Ŵսһ˯̫ˡ
Ца취ͻ˾磬Ƿ˯֪ʼɵҪ
Իϲͻ˼Ҿ磿ô
Ӵ֮óĿžٵ񵤣ͻʱ£ôͲ١
Ůÿ˷һţ־棬⾹ȻЧǶĻŲɣΪѾͻ˾ˡ
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һҪȻҪķѺܳʱ񣬶ءóرϵ
ϵ˾رҩȻֱܰ񣬵һ֮ɻǺаġ
ĽܣŮѾϲ£ˣҲ̫˰ɣֻǺٺһЦԨ֮õģѾͻˣǷʹáҲҪɣҵǱչس
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֮֮еСھޣǷۣ֣ҲӦԣϾСһûл£Ȼ˸ˡ
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˱űѣžһľΣЦСһؾҡ
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˹ͬãô˫棡貿ǰ͵һԼļӲȫƼȥͬʱҲںϡĹ޷ֱ˴ˡ
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֮ɫ㿴ſԼлȦȦľ㣬ܵõ˽ŮӰһҲǰԼûе顣
´һҲԴ룬׷֮г̫أ
֮ϧԻĽٻҲ̳أƾûƳرҩҲͻƳˡ
Ҳͺ˲֪ʲô»ˡ
Ůڱǿľ޴ϲõУǶԾҪһϾΨһ˱øǿĵطˡ
㿴ŮʲôԴĲп֮أȻ˵ɱ¾ܱøǿ໥ɱҲһ㶼ѷɫĽѵ
һǣǱҪϵھŲ㣡ɫ֮Уÿһ㶼ӵһŴؾܵõĻҵʵֱӵиһʸ񣬲Ҫķǧʱ䡣
ϧô֪Щ
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ʲôŮʮǾһУһеĴڡͻȻ˵Ϊ׷߸ת
ͳһϹҡ
ŮƲƲ죬ƺѾε÷ˣԹԵС壬סֱۡ
ЦЦûŮɣҪʱͨԴȻ֤ǿ


2336 ʲô
ڣѾܾûǿˣΪֻÿʮųһλǿߣĴڣС֮ÿʮųһλ
һξȻ߸ˣҪʷһ졣
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Ȼߵߴʮ׸ߵĴɫǳʯ֮ǰ׸ߵľ˼ŵǹˣȵҪôг֮Ҫôǡ
ԻȻţȻҪг֮ǲֱýʧǿֶ𣿡
һЦ԰ʱ趨ĹأңѾ뿪ˣԸԶڰ˵ľ֮ϡ
ʲôŮʧɫǰкܹĵŮ뿪ʱȴǷһǿǶ޷赲ǡ
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Ůˣͷ֮սܿճ־ãΪδԸʱڽĻúлתأҪȫԸʱڽ
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˪ƿԷȻҲ˾磬γԱ˾һԱΪǰûԹܴǡΪЩ˶׼˾硣
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ȵʮţǻһȣˣһܵǷ֮ǿޱȣޱȡ
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Ҳǣ֮ͷϣʮţʻŶԡ
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εʼ磬һ㶼ҵʱӡϾҰ궼ûЩͬҲ
ˢˢˢļŲƣǰһˣһ˸ŮһеĿŮҿȥЩƤڣǳɹ֮ɵģҲֻͨѣ˺ᡣ
磬Ⱦ磬ʵס
ιǸոսģͷһƤѯʣʲôöТǣǻܴ󷢴ȱСܡ
ǸŮͷűѩ𣿾Ȼֱֵ֮ܵ׬ˡ
ٺ٣ǼŮףƤ潿ۡһΪݵҲ˵㣬׶ˡ
ǽŭͷʮ֮׸ԣٺ٣˵˧Ҳٶˡ
ңСʲô
ǰ̸Ľŵ˵ϵʱŮ׷üͷЩԷһ˵㣬Ǿʮֲˬݲܵڮ١
˵ʲô͸ҷŸɾ㣡Ľٻ˵Ǻ𣿡
ӴӶŭˣǼЦֹǼոģǱô浱ԼԼǿߣĹأǵĴ֮Ǳǻʲô׵ģ
ǣǵĵɶˣ˴֮ǣǿûкùӳԡ
ӣһңˣǰѣ
Ȼģһֱû˵һŮϻôϵĶŮϲľץȥǸеҪˡ
ãϣѣû˴֮ǶԸǡ
Ųİ˸һӵϣͻȻͻȻƴǣ֣ǿ֮Ƕ𾪴ˣֱ˰֮УǣҲǡ
ôܣ˾磿


2337 ̤
ԭϢģϾһ㣬͵£Ϥһı仯ð¡һһȺҪٵģΪԼǰ˾硣
˵ʲôرֶζԸԼˡ
Ľٻ¶һ˿֮ɫΧͷų֮˹ԣҫʵǿ
һһ㶵ģÿ۵һųɫĻҲܶˡۣЩ˵ĶԸܴЧĶˡ
Ľٻֱ˲Ƶ˸ղŵҪõǸŮǰʲôδ˵
ĽٻҲǶŭһֱͷ⣬һα˹ȻԼǰ˵Ƕһ㡣
㲻ҪŮҲǻˣз֮ҶЩ֮ϵķһѡ
ʵ֮ڵĽٻ޷ֱӵסһɢûжĽٻɶ˺
ôܣŮľޱȣ˪ĽٻܵĺˣҪߣͻȻ˸ָΧĿռ䶼ˣʹ޷ߣ
٣ĽٻͷֱһȥŮĺȻڵ棬˲
˶Ǵľⲻܰʷأܶ˶۸İôԼϾͲأ
⼸ӵܴһе񰡣ϵĴڣھɣܵĴô
һߣһ߱ͨһ֧ǵ壬߸Ҳҡҡ׹ڵء
㲻мƾǾҵδŵǣ̫ˡ
ʲôȻŮˣĸ޵ӣŮˣⲻܡһĶʼɣĽٻǵıסֱ۵ʱ򣬿ӵұǶǱˡ
ЦҴǣǲǻȥǵĵҴǷλãסˣҵֽ㣬ǶҵŮˡǳͷðǣҾͲɱǣɡ
ֳڣԺεľˣֱӾϵĻɳ˸ߣγһ磬ɳȥ
ϧƵŶͷĵҲ̫˵ͷ˰ɣҲŮ˲ɣǵġû˵ԼҲ֪Ϊʲô
Щǣ˼ǰУٶȼ죬Ϊһ൱һ磬ģҲ൱ڵôķΧ
һ߷һ˵ÿһʵҶһܵƽؼ㣬⵱ҲΪܻʱΪԼѶȶ趨ġ
ľѶȣ˵һ¸ƽ⣿
͵ǿĴڣҪɾ˿ɲô׵ģܴС磬൱֮
ȻһЩ˸ӦĺΪĻܳΪ˵ġֻоðͻΪˣ
Ĵʱڴ֮İˣ˵һƽǻָĴ֮
Ǻܼ򵥰ǲûʧȥ֮ǲҪѵķʽ˰ŮǺ汦գˮ鿴㡣
ΪǸǸѵرĽҲϣΪβȥأЦܼ򵥣һָ֮ͨ顣
ԭΣǼ򵥣нءŮЦкôȻ᲻Ҫ
ֽ͵ǰԴ̫ţԲΪתϿΣһ㣬͵ڶԼ㶼̫ѣڶǻָ񡣵ĳɾ֮
ԭһʼ˰ȱ˶ߺܶءŮ࿴׵̫˰ɡ
˷ɶˣղűǰ˸Ůһʱ쫷ƮǶ̲סˣͨڸ߿ôãܲס
С
һҪ𡣡
ǡ̫ǿˣȻǰˣǡӵġ
һһڵϣˮ̫ǿ󣬵Լϵô
еԸǣҲ˻ܴӮʮˣΪ׵Ǹ׺˵
ȷʵˮ˵ˣǴҶ֪һֻаǿ˰ӵд֮
ģûԹڿתһʱǸŮˣҺ޲öǸĽٻ˵Ůŭ棬Ů˱ףƯ
ˣʮ֪𣿡Ů˵˵Ƿ֮ŸĻ
½ָӻɳվһǲʺͷߺ޵ı飬·ȥ·ǶԵһ㡣
Ůļ˵Ƿʮֺɫд˵ڽ֮ɫŮȻ֡Խʸ߹ԽϲԽΪ߳ԽӰǰЩŮճɸʬ
ëȻˣǼ绨Ů̫ϧ˰ɣǻһ׷أȴұȥǿˣо̫ˡ
ǸҲңŮʵѵ裬һ𣿼ȻʵǾͽ赶ɱˣ˵ܾ˵ʱܡ̵
һ̵˶˷ˣһӡ
ȻˣǾҰɣôҷ˿Ůӣֻ˵˵÷µķٻ
ôٻﻹмַ֮ЩĲдƷѣٻҲ̫šΪ׵ǸóһɫƿװŲٷ֮
ŮɫƿͨɬӵɣʹƿеķȽȽƮϸ߿֮С
ûãյķ˲ʧһ
˰֮䣬˵˭ٻңôϵٻʽٺٺ٣һΪһѾû˻ǵˣٺٺ١
һԡ˸߿շӴƺѹȵð˸˲ò¹򣬹Ĺڷǰ
ٻΪʲôҲ²£޷ҲЩΪǱѩ֮Ĺƨ¡
ٺ٣ȻˣҲȤĻ֡
˵աɫ죬ûͷͷǻ棬Ҳûһֻ÷
ŮӹŷϲɫŮھĸɫŮ֣һոմ½ġ
ţŮжĿǰŮмģҾͲȤˡ
Ů裬ȴ޷Ϊʵ
ǰ뿴ĸŮӡŮȻˣҲüУù۳ϧŮӡ
۷Ź⣬̾ãȻǾɫŮ
ɫĴ󶯣ϧŮĽٻɽŮ˪Ļŭš
ǰȥˡ
ͷܺãҪǵĿģﵽˣĸ𣿡
һеģΪ˾磬ӵд֮˶û˵ʵҲ֪˵ʵˣпˡ
һУֱӽЩճɻҽҲֱߣ׷˶ȥ


2338 ֮ս
һķϵļ̳԰ήֲһ˵յĹԡֿͼڵʯɢڵء
㶼Щɣһλ˻ڲڣҲǰ˶ѣפҲûǲ̫ǿȴӵرԱ⡣
ֻǿưܵľɫҲЩɻ
Ҫ룬ͻȻһŷ֮ǿ̶㶼оΣաȻǿֱ֮͵Ϯ
Ҳһϻԣֱӻɱ㣬Ȼ°ĸεεŮǡ
ͻȻϮҲûлңȻСĽ
ͷһƣһŷ֮ߣ̺Ŵ֮ȫĴһƣĿɿڴԷͷС
ʱһ䱸ͣСӣ֪ʲôҪĸŮҵ檣ĻϿ·
߳ȣôվţҲֱ÷߲ѣҲǼ֡
˵ѹ˹ȥֶ˼ֿţСӣǲǾƲԳԷƣôţҪѰ·
üͷ֮ɾļһﾹȻ˶ӣѹֵһһԼŮˣһԼô۸ߵʲôǶҵŮˣҪǣ̤ʬȥˡ
ŮۣԵĿ㡣
㣡һոսС񣬾ȻҶԳ֮õ񣬼ֱдҾʲô죬񣡡
ȴٴ𻰣ֱӼʮŷ׭һѽս״̬
һƬ׭㣬һŭǷͬСɡôһαСƺӣԼײʢŭ֮Сʵ̫ʶôˡҪΪ֮ⷬٸۡ
ͻȻΪƶըѣһţֱһɳ죬գŴľ޴ѹȣݺݵ֮֮δ洫ĳȣѾ˻Է衣
ǿƵһܵ˷ǿĻ֮ѹֱɢԭڳµѪҺһͬһգȷڣһԴ֮ƴɱҲͷųԼȫΪ𣬰һųĴЦҵ뿴㾿ûҸ۵ʵ
ȫʩΪʵ˿һλӵ˸֡
׷׭֮ײͬһǱըһ㣬˵ҵ˺ХɢȥŮòԶԶıܿ
֮صĹΧðµǧףһǿҵǷ紵ɢܣһƬӡ
һƴ֮£ķ飬Щŵķ׭֣ѾǾ۷ˣֱĴڣ˻кܶǿķʽķ֮𣬻֮֮ɱ¾Ϊǿ
ӵ֮Ͳ֮Ҳֻǿ⡣ǧ֮Ҳ֡
Ƿ˫һɣСӣԭˣӵǿұǼƭˣѹ㵨Ҳҷ
ͻȻֶ·磬вûиеη壬սȸԾЦҲ˴ʹ죬߶˵ҲûʲôȤЦգ֣ʮŷ׭Ӷ۰ʮױӰټķΧķ׭֮⡣
ӵоŸǲŵСΣҲǸͻƵСƾܺҷ⡣
ףƾձķֱ֮ӽӳױӰɢǿƵķư磬üԶĲ֦Ҷɳʯ۶˲ηۣһ˲䣬㾹һֺ֮С
ռֱӱˡüͷԼ뿪̫ˣڵﰡ
֮ǿҵѹȻռΧҲ޷˲ܣƾһķ֮ӯˣ˷֮˼ʲôʽԸ÷ͷſŷ
ĸħĵѪȻʵһˣ÷ȫĸ
ߣûôףըһУÿһȻһŷը뼫跽ղֻ֮Ѿˡ
ǻ֮òסΣأҪԸŷ֮𣬲ôס
ʶ֮и˵ܿסһһŻ֮ǿ󣬷ҪƴܿסĻǾһλɱ
ܣƽ˵ûҿסһ壬Լû𣿡
ٺ٣˼ˡͻȻ¶Цݣ÷ʮִ㵣ܿסԼķ֮Ѿʮ־ˣû
ֱӼԼ񣬴֮ȫ㣬ΧĿռѾ֮γ˽磬Ҳûӡ
ƾʲôԼӲӲ֮򲻹Լ
ŵʱͻȻ˶ſѪ̴ڣѪֱӺķҧϡ
ۣһɲǣֱӿѪҡҡ׹ҲӿһѪɫơ
ûס
Ӳһţסƣ˸ͨʹԴѸٻָ
Ůöһľ׷׾ľҪȥæ𣿡
Ľٻüͷղ㴫ǣסʱûľŸҪ
߿֮У˵һ֮ԴԴϵıգźǿ֮ѪҲøǿ
ֻĪͻȻһͷƽûбԼķ֮ǿԼǿС
û÷ͷֲԾˣԷɣǺηʥȻԼķ֮
ϧ֪Ѿ̫ˣɵü죬Ĵ֮ҲӳϣѪҫź˾ܣֱȥ
ûüӦͱɢˣԭǻ滯ɢ֮ȻҲһŻˡ
ܣŭҪɱңûûôףҿǾ
÷ԾǣԼڸ߿յľŸȻ޷ںϣȻĸŮ赲סˡ
Ϊİȫľ͸ûмӳκʶ˵ǿհ׵ġƾٻΣгͣҪˡ
㡢ô֪ҵķޱȣǸո;ⲻܡ
㵭һЦ㶼Ҵģһ᲻ϤгɣȻһײ㣬ʵڸңô꣬վⱨӦʱɣӲ
㡢㡢
𣡺һŭյ˷Ļ֮ͬʱɲǼ䣬ʧɫû˷𣬾ŷҲɢ
ԭΪ˷ֹԼķ˵ȡʶ䣬ˣҲһ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʧȥ˹ʣһĴǶޱȣѵĩҪˣ
㿴ɢķȴû⣬̧һֻ̫֮ͨĻ棬ϸ߿գԺһ̫ͨĺˡ
û˷һҲʧȥǸǿ˶ЩԵȶȣҲ𽥻ָЩ˶ΪָıˣȻǲ֪Ϊʲô
ĽٻƯڰգ֮ԴԴϵͷţΪشһ֮ĽٻоԼ֮־Щ
ţüͷһʯЩ꣬ûߵĲϰһӵ׵˶Ӧˡ
УҪøǿֻһһľǿߣʱڵõһԴ


2339 ֮
ûΪղŵս٣ôưܣʱſѾվһߣ·רŵ㵽
˿ЩˣҪ䡣ǾûģǰԴ趨ģûģΨһñȻ
ˡҸоıԴ΢΢Ϲ˵Ѿܾˡ
΢΢һ㶣ôϵóҵĵһֱòŶԡ
ˣʱѾȥ̫ˣѾʮǧپʮ˸ûлˡ߹˵Ѿͨڰ˲ˡ
ʲôŵһ亹ڰ˲㣿ôӡԴĵھŲһ֮ңһԼĴԴߣôԶڣ
˭ӵǿʵ
ʵǶ֮ǰ£Էʲôͷ
ֻܹصһ㣬뿪˶Ҳ˽١εҡҡͷڰ˲㣬Ҳֻʮǰ£ҲΪڰ˲㱻ƣӡҲɶһˡ
ͷߵڰ˲㣬ǾӵϵĴ֮ǧ֮еľǿߣвԼĵλĴڡ
겻һ
Ǵ͵ڶɣǸͽݾսΪѾˡ
Ȼ˭һ˴ֱ֮ӽڶ㣬ͬʱõ֮ᡣ˸ƣ˽֮ڣȻ˵תϾ˶µģ˻ָԴ֮ǰūغ
ͷһָԴ֮գ֮ʱ
Ů˵ĶԻ磬ɵǲתһȵôľΨľ͵Ц˵ǣţȡЦ˰ɣ
ԻƤ£ǰôһģҲ𣿡
ͷһЦݾѵļ䣬ԴûʵģεޣֲڣǷǹɣһС
õԴ֮Ҳʧ𣿡Ůǹޱȵѯʣ֪һûԴǾܣԼĲԨ֮ˡ
ͣסŲ§סԻֱĽٻϾתˣƳǰԼڵıҡƲҲԭԼҲǿԼ޷ƿص֮
Ǿ˵㻹㣿Ľٻüͷšţϣõ׼ȷĴ𸴡
ָᵯĶͷȻǶһԶһţǰǵڱ֮ǰشԴ
Դȡȥ֮ҪôϧʵȻӵһԴôһԴеõĻҲлɣ
ֻɱ˶ԷһƵġŬŬ죬ϾҲʹʧˣԴʧȥˣҲһΪҵĵ֮ʹԴͬһԴȪĻֻǿƿءǰұܻ֮
ŮĬȻȻѾ㼫ؼʱ̣һûеõԴôݾ˵ټˡõһԴǸǿߣҲŹģ
ߴһǳŵĴ󣬰ʾվ֮У͵ʱԲ֮ǧոǿĵϺʹ֮
ΪԴǴ˴֮ʲôĶûõģ󷨴ʱ㷢һЩ쳣
Ǹߣü֮ͻȻһ˿ɱͷһԼӡѾʧЧˣЩԭԼѾԼˡ
һ˲䣬˳Ҫֹʲô
ѾˣʱѾı󷨵ĴͷһֻץסʵҪң
ҲǾ㵣û뵽ͻȻͷԼǸղΪҪɹƭմմϲ¶šⶼûνˣŮѾ󷨴ˡ
ҵھ꣬ʣΪۻ߱ߵ˵ҷľ㣬ľ죡
мԼȻһֹ
ҲǰԼΪʲôҪе˲ϱǿʱҲһĶ
Ͼ㣬ѵǰļ䣬ʶ˸ԭԼһߵƨ£
ԶһۣһԣĸѾ͵ڰ˲㣬֮żʮλڽӦߺߣǻΪ㴳˵ڰ˲㣬ǾͳΪҪЮ롣һǰɡ
Ҳǣ
ƭңˣ߷ĴЦУһ鶼˵Ҳ˽ѵ޳ɱ¾˶ʵǷ̡
øͣԼŬѾָˣʵƺΪ֮һôоĸ𣿡
ߵĶϱҲָ̼˦˦ֱۣңʲôңɲǸߵ׷󣡡
һаħĵطӦ֪ô磬㴴ġ
ͷǰ䣬ħһħʮ磬һ̫ǳ򡣡
һݵ˵֮԰ħ磬ȴħͷҲħޣһħƾ˵ʵ򿪾Ĵšڻָ֮ǧͻƵһ㣬⿪ϵĴӡҲҡ
֮ڶǿߣһսȡȻͨ˵İ´һһ㡣
ǰǧеľ󲿷֣˵Ѿ⡣ӦǳΪĴڣ߼˵ôܲˬǰɣܷŭɣΪҲܷŭ
ƽҡҡͷҲŭлôࡣ
ҲûһϵΪһһȥҲõЩϢȻ֪ҲǺް취Ҷ񣬵ŽԸϵĴڵʱһжͬˡ
㵭һЦҲᱻƵģƶѾ˸Ϊǿ֮ټˣҲɱ㣬￴أֱԶɡ
֮Уһ˲Ĺâҫ֮˵ڶ㣡
ڶҪָһʵҪڶһ鱦ǰÿʮһ汦
ָܻͻơ
˶Ļͻᣬɱӵ񣬾ս㡣
ڶ㣬ȵһײСһƬɫ磬ΪﵽķҶЩ֮ϡ
ĻҪȵһúܶ࣬ûзĴڣҲʮֺá㻹ﾹȻһЩʮСˣ˵ĺᣬԽãʵԽС
ھʣˡ̤ƬҶ޴ڵ磬˲ǿɱϲȥÿӵǹУھ֮Ҳ뿪
ڵǾԲģ˺ῪʼܣҲǼٵġγɲһǷǶĵ
˾ۼĵطͼսʧֻܵ·һ
㲢ûĶԭŮ;ɫȴҪһˣһϣĬĬ˵֮ҵҪʲôȻͳϾƽҵĴӡȻ˵ʱ̫Щȹ̣ҲûĲãҲƽˡ


2340 ȡ
ǳȥϧܣ㲻ˣŮҲǵһʲô鷳һ»ǿΧ״
ǵϣΧѾΧˣŮŮһɢžϢڵĶŮ
˶о鲻ˣʧҲЩйϵɣϧȻס
ʱһߵڶɫĽۣƺ˵쵼ߣߵŮǰӭڰ˲㣡
ڰ˲㣿ŮȵĿ˿ԷǻĴ֮ڣ˲֪һģ
ʲôˣץʲôϧŮǰȻһ
ǲûץ㣬ȰǼǣǸıƽ磬һЯִõ硣
ľüͷһ壬˼ΪʵȦף
Ŷ㣿ڴƽ˵ҽ֮ĿǰҲǶ֮λãǵİҲߵڰ˲㡣ǸҸǽһǸʲôģΪʲôҪС
һߣڶ֮У㲢ûȥ߿ͨΪ￴صѾ⿪ӡġ
ôһ߾žŰʮһʯݣһһףֻ׶˵̫Сˡ
Դǰ֮󣬻׵ܾͺһΣ׾ǴԴ֮һ
Ȼˣ⻹в²⡣
žŰʮһûд㣬ûгѾˡ
ڵڶ㣬һ磬ÿһ˶ԭ㻹ΪһЩˣˣ￴κˡ
ʶһɨֻڲã֮֮ҵ˺ϵ㲢ûм뿪Ϣһ֮ӴԼ
˼δĲ㡢㡢㡢߲㣡
Ĳ㣬ǱҪӵܴ׻ǿȫֿܵģϾǿҲֿܸΪ
һдڵĵߣҲѾˣתΪһˣˣɻܸıǰµķ
ˣѪ鲻𣿡˫ֱͷڴ֮ϣѪԭѹԨ̫֮ڵʱƶɵģΪżȻʹˮ汻ߡ
šѪҪֻ֮֮ҲôײģҾѵֻǼ䣬ͨ
˿̣ڰ˲֮ڣһ쾳ˮӰ֮УӰƮڴϵģ
֮Ů˵Ƕ֪תǵôƽףǵʹԭǡ
䣡֮û˵꣬ĽٻͶˣֱӺ˹ȥҷ
ɢȥ֮һһŮ˵˺Ĺ֮ЦҲǽ˾ı䣬ǿжһĲߣŪǵ
Ľٻŭڣڮ
ΣߡҪɣƿԼ˵ɡ֮ԽĽٻָſ쾳ˮӰ֮еֻˣǲɣƿԼˡ
˵Ѿ˵ˣҲ˵ˡԼѡɡ֮ƽĿŮ˶࣬ӵǧҲǿĸǣֻܰǵĲе
ľҪǿ׷𣿡
ѾȰ˵ˣڤ粻顣֮ŮԼɳ⣬ʵ֮оû׷ɵҲҪūҸеѾݱ̣һǱԻǡ
ҲǵģΪģмЩֶΡ֮һӣȻִҪΪУǾͶԲˡǹѺȥ
ϧʱͻȻվţԸǡ
˻һ
ԻæסϧʵϧʲôôĻ
ϧĮ˦Ի֣ߵһߣǵĻ˵ףҸǲͬŮˣҲǡǱͷԣҲǡ磬Ҿ̫࣬Ϊۻ仰˵û
ܺãһġӭǡ֮ϧȴûգ˵˲˲ãҿΪھŲ㵱ȷ档
֮һ㶣ЦȻǸ֣Ȼˣԣ
ԭϧ֣ʣԼĴͨ˾ܾ֡
ԻľĽٻ˶ѺŮȻ뷴Ҳǲܣۼ˾ǿˣԸŮǺɵġ
շϧ֮ټ񣬸˽ϧͬʱҲԱ׼һھŲ
ͻƵھŲ㣬ǿԴܳ׷
˿ҲѾ˾֮˵ΣҲԽԽˣ
壡һУһ֣סڵ㣬
һ¸ߵĳֽ˳ͷҲص˵Ұɡ
ϧ棬ΪͻƾЩ˾ȻŽᣡֱ档Ϊ𣿻ΪԴΪߵ֮
֮ϧھҪԵڰ˴γھŽ㣬ȻӦɷ壬һЩעҪ˵ġ
ϧ΢΢ͷ˹ȥ
˿Ѱ˼ҪմǧĹ֮ԼͻƣϾЩҪģоѵļ䣬ԼֻҪһʱܰ쵽
֮˲Լᡣ
ţѾֱǰ滰Ҳ˵ֱӾеɱ˹
ף㵹ûһԤ֮˻ֹԼȻץʱͻƵھŽ㣡һֱз
ǿ׷ɱԼ壬㷢һЩ·顣
屻ǣʮ𾪣˵ҲܱƿأֻЩţԼУǳԼ֮⣬ϵĴڰܱݵġ
Ҳڵ䣬׷ʲô£Ѱ˼ѵǷȡɲˣȡΪѾתˣҲû˭ܹܵס
Ǹ֮ȻǸýΪʲôʹӻᵹ꣬żӡ򣡡
һ˼һ߱ܿĹ𣿲һսҸ㣬ѾͻƵھŲĹؼգǵܽھŲ㣬ȡԴȻɱ
һƬƽͻȻʧΧղŴĽӰ֮žϽ
ˢˢˢϽ˲ɣɱ亣С


2341 Դ
㣡֪㻹û޼ôɱ㣿ȻΪԼղ˲佫Ժ
Ȼ֮Ҫǣ㣬źͰսɱ
ʵղЩĲɣΪڻ䣬һЩշƾʲôƾԼԴ˵ǰ֪Ҳ޷Ԧȴȫͬˣ
ѾӵмԦԴԼԴӦһֱԼɡ
㻺ĴӺƮ˲ðŻףоÿһ׻һɱԴǿ󣬳
ǻһ㣡޷ƣ
ȣ֮˿㣬ֱӾǳɱԴֱӱɡ
𣡡ʱ򣬺Ůͺ˳˫˫壬Ϊȡʱ䡣
֪㻹кܶƾɽסȥһʱ䣬ҸоˣҵıԴֻҪҵıԴǾ֮ȡķԭλ
ҡͷҪҵ㣬ǲʬȥ
ˣҲҲôµ
Ȼô˵֪ӳһʵ֮Ѿ˱仯ĻΪںϵģ
ĻΪΪӵиǿԴ
ʱڵڰ˲㣬˿صĽٻ˶ǽⲽ㿴ңҿ㣬޲ߣ
Ի֪ȥĻֻԴҪߣ֮ɾ鷳ˣ޷ԭλΪ
ľҧӣ˵ȥǺܲһ䣬һ뿪ƶߣ˭ȥ
ȥԻĽٻ⻰˷ޱȣʾԼҪȥ﷢һС
ľŮѡĽٻٻȥɣϾٻø֮ˣҲܰæ
ԻҲͷסĽٻٻһҪǵδͿˡ
ţĽٻصĵͷһ״
ľԻԻȥЩˣͺá
ľ˵꣬ͻȻҧָͨӡ˪ȨһĽٻ֮ϣǡϢ
ľݸһЦѾΪһ壬ȻϢȻͨҲʩչ
ĽٻһĶʼɣȻľȵǣͬȡ
Ǹʲôص˷ְ״ԻѩŮı˪ӵɢĹͷųģ
ƾ룬Ľٻֱӱߣͷ֮ϡ
˿һĺɸڸԼԴͻȻĽٻԼУЩ档
ٻôˣ־ϲ§סĽٻĨȥˮޣⲻǺúõôأ
Ľٻæ˵һ飬㲻̫ŵ˵ϧǣⲻܰɣǼͶ
ѾΪͻƵھŽȷ氡ĽٻҲʮֵĸӣĵ˵Իľ㻹ء
֪鲻׽߻ҪԴܳϵھŲ㲻ȻȥҲûã
ĽٻĵʵҪôıԴأ
ҲǿյҡҡͷҲ֪׾ҵıԴȴ֪ȫƿڻһֱǵֶΡ
Ľٻ˫Ĺס㣬𼱣㣬һеģȻֿ֮˵ĴҲƽŻеĽٻ
ۼգ嶥ԼţŵͬʱƨԼϣԼȻӲˡ
Ľٻɬôöҡ
ǸܿưεһЦ˺ܶ࣬Ľٻʮֺ棬СһоӲִŵæ֣ƽʱҲô
Žĵٻ㰴಻סˣһ˵ٻһӽˣĵĻδȢҹţҲԸ⡣
ĵͷӵǣĽٻ޹ǣʮϮˡ촽ģ
ԽԽֽ⿪´
ϸĵĿĽٻܽأü续ˮʤɣһ㶼൱ľ磬˾ޣ˺һ
Ľٻ㿴ˣղһڣ޵㿴ʲôǲûľÿ
ѽʦƯ漴ƤЦģٻôƯҲôãϵŮ˶Ҫʼ㡣
šĽٻԼһ䣬һ˫ѩ屻סߵòҿҲҪ˵ĶʼɣֻҪͺˡ
ʮָжͻȻĽٻоֲסԼֲֵĽٻɫκ죬ϾЩĽٻǺܺߣǾŮΧĶˣ
ʹ˵ٻϸûҶղסˡ
ĽٻݺݵҧҧĵɫǣһֻԼѩ壬ԼĽٻûҲûⲻĬ˹ȻҪ󵨶һЩҲŨڻУΰѳֵס
ĽٻСӣһ󾪼£ͷС¹ͬʱҲ㾫Ϊ֮һ
ѹĽٻ۵ĲӣʹϷõܿѾ̹ԣĽٻ־ϲȴҲ̹Ȼ㡣
ŮˣΪĽٻԸǰԼ㡣
ţĽٻ壬ɰŮ˾Ȼסĸ첲׾ӭԼĽٻһҪƣȴʮּѣĽٻȻ˾εķӦһȻʹﵽߵ㣿
㿴Ľٻպ˫µôޣǺΣΪԼھ޴󣬽̫˺ѵʹ㼱æٻۣˡҲЩΡֻĽٻһӼˣ˫ֽĿסĸ첲ߵ𡣡
һ㳹ױˣеô꣬Ľٻ׻ѩ壬ﻬģʮ㣬һ룬˵ıˣÿһײͺȻۺϣǿĵ֮ϣϵ˫ˡ
ģǽСʼӦˣû˴أĽٻѾǳ𳱵ˡһӡʱһʱʱ˶˵ʱĽٻѾƶ˺üˣѾȻҺӵʯ֮ˡ
ʱҲﵽߵ㣬һɲǣĽٻ֮ͷţԴԴϵ㣬ϵǿͬʱҲоԼ׵
ˣ
ģȻˣΪԼ˿ѾĽٻΪһ壬ֱ˴ˣ֮ڼԭֻǱԦʹõףʹӵһ㡣
׵΢ٻ壬ͨһһ飬˼㣬ôˡ
ҲͣӵŴڴںĽٻ˵ľҲ̫ƻˣôõ龹Ȼһܣ´οɲܶҡ
ǸΣȻҪһٻĴ󵨰
εĻᣬ㷢׵Ĳͬ㼤§סĽٻͷ׵β˵ٻ̫ˣŮҳɾ
ĽٻԸУͻȻô˵ҸӿͷߵôˣңʲôֻҪܰﵽ㣬ʲôҶԸ⡣
ٻɬ㻳УԼˣãԼˡ
ٻ´һ´룬ĽٻߴһȾԼѪڴ֮У
ϥΪԼıԴ֮Ĺؼ


2342 ֻ
ھŲ㣡
֮һƣ˵Ķ飬ڽʣһٲڱǴˣ
Ǹֻصû֮ǰֻҪǿͨ飡֮ҵĿһʬ壬׷սĴۡ
һ·ûЩڻң߲һȻԷ֮֮ϵߣ㺹ϧ
һŮӣǿһŮˣ֮ϧۣǰͷȷ棬ҲڻңʣһˣĵҵõԴΪ
ھŲ㣬ֻһƺǴЩΰưĽ֮ڣǰһϸһɫĹâžһعâƣ
Դ
Ϊ׷ϵԼһΪתֻأ¾ԴΪгһܵõԴ
֮Цõˣõˣڵõˡ˷ܵһɲǣϧȴһͻȻȥ
֮ͫһɴǸӦýƣŮˣݽߵŮˣ׷Ůˣôôٶȣ
֮Ӧһ㣬ΪεĸʤϲõУϧ˸ӣ
ۣһ͸֮ϧֱۣסԴŵ̹⿪ʼںϣ
֮꣡ϤԴǱƿ㣬Ѿ˼ھŲ㣬Դҵġ
֪֮ϧں֮ԴôԼһᶼûˣһһжΪ˼¡˸ϧȫںԴˡ
һֱСĽȻΪϲã﷭
ϧõԴ֮󣬷Լƶˣӵ˴ֻ֮ǵһЦΪһ¡
ԴˣôϧյʣƽĻشԼɱ˶ԷȡԴ
ϧĵݼ£ȴĵΪġһֱԼܵչˣСʱ򣬻ǳˡһΣԼΪһˡ
ҲʧԼǰˡ
أھŽĴűˣ֮һʱ䡣Ϊڵڰ˲ʱȥľԻˣԵһЩʱ䡣
ҲԼԴǾǻ׵ıԴھıԴŷ
㿴ŵɥ֮ҵĿѾˡ˶ǱԷ֮ƣԴƿǣҲûʲô
㿴ǸԼǰϧ΢Цţ߹ʯשϧ
ϧ۽ǻ̲סˮĵ˵ػסˣɱңܵóԴ
ĬĬصͷϧ֪·ȴߵףɹˣǵɫǿ󣬸ԼǷݰ⡣
ɵѾͷ˸㣬ȡԴŮԵĻͨϣѱԴת͸ҡεͷҲܴЧɱ㡣Ҳɱ㡣
ʲʲôϧţͨϣǲҪôɶô
˸ָ˲תƵĿռ䣬һƬƺϡ
ҲڲݵϣѾҵıԴʵҲһҪ³ΪϾ漰ԸⲻԸ޸ҵ⡣
ͻȻϧ˵㣬ſϣЩߺεĲͷʵжٸ֪ĻҿǼ޸㡣
Щεͷ̫˰ɣ
ʲôաʲôٻ㡢ʲôˡʲôҶ˼ʲôʲô桢ʲôһòɣŮ㷢Լָ
ʲôʱôŮˣ㶼ԼЩԺ֮;̫ãŷԼǸ
Ϊ˳Ϊлеˣȥǧ磬Ƕҵֵĳŵ
ʲôʱ䲻ͬЦ˵һʱ䷨
Թ㣬ҲкЩûȥˣȻʵǿ󲻻ϣôûң᲻˼ɼأĥŴ˼ˣҲþϻ磬žۡ
ߣϧķ㿴㣬Ķϻôţ϶ÿһƯҸ
ݸһЦΪҵһϲϵŮˡ
ƺϣů羲Ĵϧ⻰ס˰죬Īһֿ˷ܣҪһ㡣
ϧС˹ȥס֣ĵ˵ԭΪԴȻɱҶñԴɣ㲻ԸɱңҲɱԴ㡣
ϧɬսһ£ֵֻҪϣҾܰԴʱҵʱܸˡΪҿԲҪ˵ڣҪѯ㣬ܺһ𡣵ҾǺܽƻ
㣬ϲ㣬㣬ǴСһ𳤴󣬴СʱҾѾΨһһǲǣܡһΣԸԸȢңϧְԵķƤϡ
°ߵһҪش𣡲ߣߵĻҾͲѴԴ㡣
ˣֱЦͻȻϧѹ£°ֱͣӰԵ촽ϧ촽ʪ󣬸оҲرĲͬ
ô֣ϧѾǺȻѾܶ࣬˷ˣȴɻɬ˵쵰ǿ˼ҡ
ϧͦˣӽԺ֮һģ㲻Ӧ˵ţͻȻֻһЦһڣӦҾ׵ӦΪֹ
쵰㻹û㵽жٸš
ڵڶ쿪ʼˣͬʱһЩҲŲƵһر磬ٹȥ֮ǰǶ˴֮˲ǿġ
һǣҪսãøǿ˵ֱӴһ͸档
ѾϧϣеõԴԴں֮㳹׾ѣǼ䣬Ҳ
ǰͼıԭԼīسɹתģνƶƲΪԭԼһµԼ
ţȻҸҲЩ̫̫ŷ档վǾɵʧˣµļ̳һУǧ֮ҲӵµĴ
գʱµ칬ż޽ϣͺŮΧϷϧĽٻŴѡ칬յˣÿһǰʵûʲô
ľƲѣΪʲôϧĽٻ֮ͻˣԼȴûϣϧĽٻһһĶӣľֻԻˡ
Իȥˣ˵ԼĸĸϾҲʱˡ
ʱ䷨УʱԼո뿪ǻᣬ۾ǰ̬ϲˡҲе˵̫ûȥǻԴ׵Ĳǣϵĵһʱ䡣
գͻȻһף㲻Сһǳˮ̶֮С
ʮʽôÿضƽףƲѣ̶ˮҺû֪
԰˭֪Լǰ㰡һСϤ羰вɵһůԼĵڶ硣
һϰߣȴÿƮƮˮ̶˶һȴӯգһˡ
չŹֵͷ˭
廻ԭ壬Ҷʱ壡ͻȻ򣬾סͷ
ͻȻոоһ˿ʮϤĸоıԴоʵ㣿ôˣ
һ㶣㶼ϳ
εͷô֪ңҷ˺ܶ£˵㹻дһء
ǣõһЦΪû˻˵һˡ
Ҷ˾ˣʵˣ涼ǰдϷ֮
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