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˫ش֮£鼱񻯣ҽΪûȻ
Ȼ֮ȴԽ統УڡһӰ֮£ķ֣ԼȻĲٿûеõӵĵ
ǰһܶһرܳԿࡱֻ֣ǰĸ֣߷ĺ쳾г٣ŻԵӣװ׼һ뵽ԼӦЩʲôˡ
£Ǵʮ֮󣬱ϳŵʱʼ


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ʱ֣һɢ֮⣬·Ǹһеѡ
һ죬Ӧĳһ٣ȻСһ죬֪Ϊʲôԭ⿴ȴԵЩѹ֡
ϷϼҸ֮ۡ£ǰѽͺĴƮļƬҶӡ
⼸ƬҶӸۡǰƮʱ򣬸ۡĴͻȻ֨ѽһˡ
һܼҴͷһλòȴͨĸˣһֻСĺӴ˳
ȥɣǽͲҪˡ
ϹܼҶСͷĻ˻֡
δ˵Сһݺݵŭϣ㣬һ죬ַģ
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Ϲܼϣﲢûַѵ⣬Ŀһۣ˵仰ش𣬾תУصĹ˴š
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ȱֵļΪƽȥЩǣֻʮĶַС֣ĳԶȥ
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ȵͷһַ磬۵һɫǹίȴˮһӿӣȥЩַ§ڻǿһ˿΢Цַ߲㣬ҵĺһֱţ㳤֮һΪֹ
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ӵַȴûз֣ԼĶźۡķһָָ֮ϣȻһ˿
Ȼ˿΢һ֮Уϵóַָһ˲Ļ𻨣һֽĶ

ȴַС֮ϣһ۽ҪɽϦַСӣӦúܶ˰ɣ
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һίͷȲ֪Լ˿̳˳֮⣬ʲôӷ
ӴȻǸҿ
һ˵ߺȱת㿴һͦԲԲŴӵһЦԼ֣˶ǸСһĺӰɣǵӡѵǱɷϳ˼ţҲǵ£СһﲻҪôңӵĻǾͽɣ
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ССַžưǰŭһ䣬ȴû⣬ԼĲӣʼ硣
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һ̣һƬЦУַѾ嵽˹Ľ£ССѾƴȫİ˹¶Ĵϣ

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Сһңʲô֣
˻ڣ󣬵ȴĴַĶС


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ַ磬ҵĶӽַ硭ˣллллҵĶӡ
˵ַǰַСıڻˮ˳˹ȭͷµһ̣Ѿȫᵽɤϣڣַ磬Ȳɵ˽ٺĹᡣ
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ֵ֡ðɣַСһ
ڰеӰֵһ䣬Żĸ
źڰӰ߽Ҳ˵ģֻϵİһȾͷϴһħñסӣǣؿڼһƳİ׺ӻĵ䣬ϣһ߲ľľĶˣǶһɫ˶ʯ
󡢴ħʦǴħʦ
˵ģƹѾ˲㵵ʧڵ˵ݡ˵Ŀⶼ˵ϣѪĴ˹˿ҲԼؿڣ㵵ˡ
ħʦϵλȨ׼ӵκι֮ϵȨʹħʦɱһ壬һ˵۹Ҳȥ׷ħʦΣʹٳÿ˶Ϊħʦ뷨ǣħʦϴڵ٣ÿ˶гΪħʦ츳
ǰλħʦʵڰ˼֮ϣֻе˼ŻȥۻϰۣĴħʦͨᾴԶ֮ΪȼϵħʦһЩƢŹֵļһ
ȺַȻҲǿ˵ģȻû˵ַȴˣַֻ侲ȴССһҲĻȴҲԵЩԲΪʲôң
˻һΧ˵ɫʱŹַȣɫЩÿϾԷǾ㣬㲻ڸлҲͰˣȴʵĿѯʶԷҲ̫˰ɣңԷһƢŹֵĴħʦ
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˵䣬Ͻͷַżӣħʦ˵Ǹ㣡
ַضŴħʦҡҡͷ
٣СӾȻܾǸ
Ѿ˲İֹΧʱ۷׷ףиżˣϽٴ߻еַӣǸѽǸ

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ַ硤ˣҵĶӽַ硤ˡ
ȼħʦûһͬʱϽַȫ
ʱַȴһֻСסȵͣͬʱŴħʦſڵҲˣôء
ǣҵĺӣ㡭
ƺ˵ʲôַȴһھϣûĸףҲˣ
漴סˡ
ŶСһң㵽ʲô
ħʦƺģĿַС¶ϵЦݡ
ȣлħʦ˾Ҹĸסַ۵ϡ
ħʦ΢Ц仰Ҳȷ
ա˵ַ΢˼һ£üͷ΢΢𣬿һ䣬˵˶ϵ
˵仰ַɫǹŹ֣Ϊȷϣ˵ġϵϤı׼ͨ
Ŷðɣַ硤ϵֵķһ
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ŶħʦЩ⣬΢΢һʼ磺ֵСһ
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ħʦվĳ˹Ӷһеħȣֻħȶ˵ĻɫʯһһȵĻͳ˹˹ȥ
˹ûüӦͻȻȵĻһ̣ҽ𣬱ֱӻΪһѻҽ
ȻħʦٿػѾﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵزһ˲ͽ˹Ϊҽ˵ԱߵľӺӣûմһ˿ǡ
գ֮䣬ԭǿ׳Ĵ󺺣ֱӱһѻҽþƹе˶ԭأ˵
ȻҲûлعһ㶼ûע⵽Լеַ磬Сϵֻ۾һɼɫ
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ˣ߰ɡ
ħʦޱջеħȣĻ˻ڷ㶵ȣȿŴħʦѾ߳ƹݵĲϱӰϽǣַС׷ȥ
ƹֻʣһȺ㵵ˣ㶵վԭء


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СԵһСһªľݣ˿̣ľ֮ĿյϣħʦԶһ̻ʳſõһĸӣĬ
ѵĸѾܳʱ䶼ûгԹ
Ǹӵĸ׻ãϾλŮԣȻѿӣǳȴħʦܿŮһǾһЩϵѵֹ֮Уһ˿ֻйŻӵеš
ѵĸӵǹ壿Ϊʲôȴǵھƹĵز
ǣǸӵĳ࣬ħʦִе뷨Ȼĸ׿ȥһ壬⺢ӷǵûһ˿ӵеʣ֡оŻеƦ
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ַֻССڲݴ֮У³˺һֻȣȻݺݵҧȥǶݵģ·ǸŲĴһ㣡
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ħʦͣ˳ԵĶվҪȥ
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ַԶԶĻһ䣬һҧеĿϡ
ħʦ΢΢һ㶣û뵽ַôش𣬵ݸһЦ뵽ַħʱ΢Цİ˰֣áǳ԰ɣʲôʱ˾ȥҡ
仰ħʦֱӳȥ
ֵĿַһۣе⣬վħʦǸħʦˣҵĺ̫С£һҪ
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ħʦıӰѾ˺ڰֻһȥ˳
ַˣ޹ԼСкȵĸף԰ɣҳԱˡ
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ַǻһ䣬Ȼ̾˿Լ˵һ人ǻϵħʦѽ֪ûС򴲡˵
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ħʦתеƿƿ޹ޣֱַ磺СһңʲôħҴûм
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ħʦϵ˫ֳ֮һ˿ɻ飬ЩȷʵѵһĶҲ̫񰡡
˵䣬ַ˵Ļᣬħʦ˵ȥСһͷųֶҿ
ðɡ
ַһֻ֣ŵ˴ħʦǰֻһ΢ġꡱһɵȻͳַϡ
ħʦֵĿһַǸеĶһ֦һָķַġ
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ħʦֻоǸеĶһ˲˳ԼָԼϣеһ飬ʶľָɻ׷ȥо֡Сһҽһ£еĶʲôʣ
һ۵ĻϵħʦоһħȴҲûмַеֽʣȻⶫħܸһɣֻһĳ֣оԼⲻˡ
뵽ħʦϣĿ⿴ַ磬ַһ仰ȴһѪĳ嶯
˵Ҳ
ַȷǰĴħʦûˣŵĻһ䣬󣬿ħʦЩӲı飬Щ˼ͷæת˻⣺𾴵Ĵħʦˣһ֪ħһʲôҲ֪ħľֻ֪࣬һλΰĻϵħʦħʦϵܲȸҽһأҲħһأ


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ǴħʦƢٺãҲһСƨ˵һ䡰˵ҲŭˣȻоһӵħڶ飬Ҳţƾ߹ĴħʦݣĳǺܶҲû˸ô˵ңһֻʮģСƨ
ַǸı飬Ҳ֮ɫǺһЩ
ңַһλħʦҲ侲в룺ǸеĶһδֵħСһֲԼֺαôûأ
뵽зħĻᣬħʦвɵõЦǰСһıδδģԼַɲģħЩϼһﻹǸĹϯ»ᾪȵ°Ѿʰɣ
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ͷҲֻһϾû˭ϲԼ
ˣСһЩȻҶ͸ģҽ֮ǰҪ㵽ʲôˣǸĸװɣĸ˵աˡǡϵ㲻ҪᣬҲҪ˽£ֻǣҺܺ棬һŻСһӵôһֵı졭
ħʦ͵ͼַֻʮСһԼ˼˵һ䣺ҵ˼𣿡
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ħʦӽ룺ԼĶѵǵ𾴵Ĵħʦˣ
飬Ȳ˷ڣȴħʦڣż𾴵ĴħʦˣǲҵĶӸղųײǱǸ鷳ˣҵĶӻ̫СͲ£һҪѽ
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ħʦǰһżҡҡͷ𾴵Ůʿˣ˽һСһϾСһĸףû˱˽ҵ˼˵СһϾ˵СһաˡǡϵŶǱǸһ֪֡
ҽȣ𾴵Ĵħʦˡ
ԼĶӲûгײħʦŷĵĿһַ磬ǣħʦѯԼӵϵɫȴһ˵ȥҵĶӱǿɭ˺֮ӡ
Ŷ壿
ȼ˵ȥħʦͻȻϣɻĿһԱԵЩĵַ磬תͷ˵˵ǹ壿ô䵽ư
⿴ȵĳ࣬ħʦȷӦǹ壬ǣַǸƦһĳ࣬ȴַ뷨ֻǣΣ˵ַݣôħʦЩ
ģħʦˣȻҵĶǿɭĺӣҵֻһŮ
ȵıԵЩʹ࣬Ϊַδһһ˵ȥʮ֮ǰֻǿɭߵһŮһ죬ɭȵǣǴ֮Уһ˺Ĺ⣬ǣ֪һĹʱ򡭡
һһַħʦҲڽ
ԭ֪Ȼ֮󣬷ǵûиһ֣׹̥յĿ֮£ɭ˺ڶһ֮ģסȸеĹ⣬ͬҲ˱䵽ϼ֮С
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ҵŮ˷ǵûΪͬŽûĺݼΪų⣬ۡеϹܼϣɫ
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˻֪ΪַĸףȴǶԼĶӼΪ˽⡣


 
ļǵãַԼгʱûпҲû֣ôĿŽŮһҲûԼӵĿ֮ʱӿһɾ޴ľѵҵĺɵ
ҺãŮĽַȵĴͷСһ￴Լƽȵĵײ֪ΪʲôĪһɰģƺԼĺǸţ֮ԼͿ԰ѱҵˡ
Ҳ룬ַСͷǳ²ʱܿڽȻСһﻹЩֲ壬ϲķ֣Сһкǡĸס
µʱַѾŤŤ·ˣȻ·ЩȣƽĺǸܷ飬ֻ֣ԼĶӾҪһ㣬˵ǰǻᰲԼĻУֻԼһ˶ʱ򣬲ŻԼԼ
֮⣬Ȼ֣ԼĺӺ򴲣Ҫʱ򣬶ܹɵĻζҡϵС
ңԼĺϢҲйɣÿ峿ʱֱѣ̫ɽ˯ñ˴ߴ٣˵ʱͻζСһ£Ҫʱ򣬾ͻζС£峿ʱ򣬾ͻζС¡
һеļ󶼱ֱַһţ
ǣΪ˽ӵݣַ粢һ֮Ӧеݺʹѵס֮⣬ԺҪԼ
ַһ꣬ʡԼãеǮƻǻˣԴˣĸ˽ҪԵģÿŵĶӡ
ȶϹܼϣధ֮£ַϣϹܼͬÿĸϾȵô΢Ķַ磬ҲǺ֮Ӱ
ÿѵĸѾΪ֪㣬һŮһͨˣûʲô׬ȡǮƣΨһĿǷģֻԼĶַˡ
ַ缫Ϊ£ÿֻһʣµôιַ綼졣
尾жɹ֮ϹܼϣԸĸˣΪʮ֮Уյɭûпĸһֵʺ
ǱλˣɭҲʱʱἰĸˡϣ֪Ѿǵˡ
ǣַʮһַ꣬ڱϹܼϣϳ˺ۡ
ȶ³׼ԣϹܼԼַ뿪ʱȲûбʾʲôƽľʹַ뿪˺ۡ
ֻǣȵвеһһͨŮˣһոʮĺӣμȥأ
ҾʹҵĶ˾ưɣٺ飬֪ˡ
˵һ仰ħʦڵ˵ͷҲΪλȵϿˣ룬ŮȻҪһЩרҵѵġ
˵ЩݣǴħʦҪ˽ģ˿ͻȻĬַ磬żȵ𾴵Ůʿұʾĸӵͬ飬һŮʿһ⡭
̾һ˾ʰɣҸҵĶӵǴ˾µģֻҪ֪һУҶʵ˵ġ
һ£СһﻹûмµʱǲһЩֵľСһһЩڳ˵ı죿
˵ħʦ۾Ѿðһ˿𻨣εȣҪɫϲһЩ
ǣħʦܿʧˣΪüͷ˼һȻϱ㸡һãȻɫƺЩ㲻ħʦ⣺˵飬ЩףҵĶӴӳһֱû뿪ҵߣһֱںУ飬ûгҵĶϡ
Ŷ˵ʮ֮Уһֱĺƽ
ħʦ¶ʧɫ̲סһ䡣
ǵġ
ʵĳϣǣħʦʧı飬вżϽ˵ˣҵĶǸţСûп޹ʹѧϰ·ʱˤҲûбԹһ䡭
ˣ֪ˣĶӵȷһţ
һΣħʦȻȵϲ̲סַ̾һ䣬ٴվȼ˵𾴵ŮʿҪӺúõ̸һ̸ѡȥĲƺټһ
ƺЩֹħʦԼֻ̾һתȥߵʱĿԼĶһַۣ۵ϣȷһֽػĿͶԼϡ


 ʦ
ĴϷţſԵĲƺȥһţлһ߻ŸղַԼͶּ߳񣬽ϴħʦղŵһ̲סʼɻ
ַȻԼΨһĺӣ٣ҲףĸСôţϾ仹ǰģֻʮСӣôĿأ
ңȻΪһֱڵȺԸԼĶԣԼĶӱһֱûֻ֣ʱȴͻȻԼҪСַ硱һֵ֣ʱԼȴûж룬һźţε֮Уһ۾͹˰꣬Լֵ飬Ҳûȥϸ롣
ۺЩȲŷַĲ֮
ڲƺϸϸ˼˺ܾãɫҲͣ任ȵڸֳһɼᶨսԼȭͷҵĶӾţţǸͬġ
ȵĸ飬Ϊ˵ַȴûж룬Լĸ״֮ССַ粻޹Ჱӣħʦ𾴵Ĵħʦˣ˵ûɣϵֱҵûκιϵ
ǵʲôйأ
ħʦƺǲַ绰е©ǰ㣬رǰ嵥ĺӡ
Ҳ֪
ַηֱӴħʦƿ
ðɣСһ˵Ķġ
ħʦûַϿκβףҲϰʾԼԼˣʮСӣܶԼʲôѣǰСһﵱǸŰɣ
뵽ħʦȻһٴοַ磺ǣΪʲôֵ֪ıأңҲҸе棬Ȼ⣬ӵݣǲԼաˡģǣΪʲôָԼˡϵһֵأ

ħʦĻַ粻һʱԼʱͻȻ뵽ģҲǶԾưΧȺһַ̡
ԭúõԼǸ統Уֻȴһ¶ǣҲǸеÿһһԷ˯ϰ̸࣬ÿȡԼĹʡ
ǣͻȻһ죬ԼҽȷΪ֢ǸҪʱԼŮѾȻԼȥʹ֮²鼱񻯣ԼƽҵʱѾֹͣУҽóΪԼźǣȴûܾȻԼ
ֻԼٴ۾ʱȴͻأķԼȻС˵вŻֵһʵĴԽˣңΪԼǸǰһεȻԼƿصȴûдϲ
ΪԼһĲңȴһУӵȫ˼ȻһӤڣȴԼϤ統е֮󣬺ܿͷԼεݺͿĸס
һıУһֶԷ¶ںļ˵ΪڸۡۼԼĸϹܼҺλ˵ۣЩ˵ɫ֮£ǣַĴ£ھƹ֮УͻĸԼһϵգûԼһкγأ
ֻǣȴû뵽ǰĴħʦȴѯԼԣһ˲ûܷӦڶݵĴ㵹ַܿıҵһڣ𾴵ĴħʦˣҲףֱ΢ݣǵò˺ԴģȻСҲһְʱĳһ죬ͻȻһֵΣ֮ҾͲϵظַ硤ϵڣǣҵ־ôˣҲҵĸ׸ҵģڡԼ֡
ַܴݵһѡ
ðɣϾ˽¡
ħʦüûټ׷ȥʮС˵ĻԼûɲţңСһʲôֶ˵Ҳûκ壬ַȤȫַǸֵıϡ
뵽ħʦ˼һ£ŶַСһҲ֪ĸȥңҲĸֻһɣЩҿ԰㣬ΪرҪооֽĶ
ңôң
ַûӦħʦԼеʡ
ܼ򵥣֮ǰһḺĸӵճңΪԺΪĸֻعҿԵʦҽħǣӦ֪ÿ˶ܳΪħʦģûгΪħʦǱôҲȥϵ似ѧԺֲĻﵽļսʿˮ׼ڲʱܴﵽսʿˮ׼õ۹ġʿλλֻƵġ
ħʦŬǣԼԵøӺͰһЩȻѧϰħ֣ҲһֱҵߣҵͽܣһȫһʦӦΡ
ðɣ𾴵Ĵħʦˣ΢һ¡
ַħʦͷҲʼĥ
еԼĸ׵ճȥҲˣֻǣ뿪ǸԼĸɵĺԼƾһһЩ飬Ҳûа취ȥ
ԼڸմǸʽĺ߳Χһ㶼Ϥûһ·˵ĻҲȥ
ңħʦսʿͦ˰
ܳΪһǿħʦԼлĸֻعˣɱɭǸĻ쵰
ǡ
Լѧϰħ츳ǰǰϼһΪʦĻǲǻҪͷ
뵽ַ粻С˵вŻֵЩͷʦĳвɵһɶ񺮣
һһӣɴûиɹһɵĴ˿ͷ鰡


 ħϵ
ɣ𾴵ĴħʦˣĺܸлܾҺĸףǣܲȽһ¹ħķࡢħʦϵһЩⷽĻ֪ʶأ
˼һַ֮ȸЩ֪ʶٿҪҪʦϾ¸˿ͷоͦѰġ
ħʦַĻشҲ֮УԥַһһĽ͵СһϣŸָħԪأЩħԪشɷΪˮ𡢷硢ڰϵֻҪгΪħʦ츳ǰħ㶼ѧϰͺڰħȽ⣬͢ߺڰ͢û취ѧϰͺڰħġ
ΪʲôҪЩ͢ſѧϰͺڰħ
ַͻȻɵһ䡣
ħʦüͷСһҴģ˵ʱϣ˴ңԣðţ˵ЩʱٿҲ١
ðɡ
ַֻʼ硣
ħʦĵ˵ͷ˵гΪħʦ츳ͿѧϰħϾޣȺһһӵмԣħʦֻרѧϰһħп޵֮Уħ£ң˼ϵħʦ
ַƶǶĵ˵ͷ
ħʦһΪʮﵽʮΪʥһΪħѧͽһ߼ŻõħʦݣֻҪﵽ˼ˮ׼ħĿˣǾܻôħʦݣҪ˼ѣױȵ츳֮⣬Ҫ̿Ҳʮʱȡ˴ħʦĳƺš
ħʦԽ˵ԽǸпԴҵõħʦݣѾʮ꣬ȴͣڰ˼ˮ׼ϣһֱûͻƵż͸˵ﵽʥˡ
ַҲһ˴ħʦ죬ûм˵ȥſڵô𾴵ĴħʦˣսʿϵʲôأҲ˵ûгΪħʦ츳Ǿͻȥ似ѧԺ
սʿϵħʦͬٵǰ˼ʱͻõսʿĳƺš
ħʦ̾һСһģһûиħ츳ԣҲҪżѯսʿϵҪ֪սʿֱһ࣬߹ħʦǿɲԶˣÿ˶гΪħʦ츳˭Ϊһ΢սʿأ
ҵóΪսʿʲôõİ
ַ練ħʦħʦʲôõģսϣû϶ͻᱻսʿֱˣ
쵰С쵰
ħʦŭ֪ʲôһսʿǸһħʦħʦѹսʿƣ˻ħ֮⣬ħʦдɱ˵ħϵ߼ħǻꡯҰ˼ħˮ׼ɱһȺսʿһȺСһЩʲô
ðɣħʦˣǱǸˣǼ˵ȥɡ
ַħʦֻæͷװһа֮ʧģоԼħʦǰǲҪڮħʦΪá
ˣýܵҶˣħʦʵǿ֮⣬ħʦĵλҲǳȻġ
ħʦȻҲһСƽϣʹ˼ż˵ȥֻҪܳΪһħʦͲܵ۹κηɵԼɱǸɭ۹Ҳûκεİ취ֻܽħĳͷȻ㲻Ҫ˵̫磬ֻһͼħʦħŲΪ˱͸۹Ͼǿһ۹
ַħʦ˵ɱܵ۹ԼʱԸϲõɫħʦĺ䣬ǹϲȴͻȻϣϸ룬ҲԣֻһͼħʦȻݸ߹󣬵λȻħҲܻΪһͼħʦȥ۹Ͼħʦ٣ͼħʦǿҲкܶġ
ǣħʦ䣬ַо̲סһѵԼֻħʦľ磬лΪԼĸֻعҪ֪ǰͷʮŵõħʦĳƺŰ
Ҫʮ꣬²ԼĸֻعǸĿɭѾߵͷȻ˰ɣ
ħʦַɫ˼֣Сһ㲻õģħʦٶҲҪ츳ģң츳ֻһ㣬츳õĻʮﵽħʦĲҲǲܡ
Ŷԭ
ַȻǰħʦ˵ʮųΪħʦȻȻľΪΪֻеǸͣŻгΪħʦĿܣôһ˵츳йأϽ˵ȥ쿴ûгΪħʦ츳ɣǣĺһ䡭ΪʦĻǲҪпͷأ
˵ַԸһɹŹ֡


ڰ ͻ
ͷʲôֵڣ
ħʦַԸԼѧϰħϽԼĻͳһħ򣬷ַǰҪΪħʦҪ߱ľӵи֪ħԪصħûħԪظ֪ĶֻҪַħϣٰҵķԸȥǾͿˡ
ַ˵ͷһֻСַǰħϡ
۾оȻ㿴ʲô
ħʦʼħħԪأֻнħԪؼŻһѧߵһθܵеħԪأ֪ħԪأǾ˵˲߱ħԪظ֪
šҿ˸ɫСƯҵΧɫġɫġɫġɫġ
ַ簴մħʦķԸ˵ԼĶ
ˣ۾ÿˣ̡졢ơֱӦǷϵϵϵˮϵħԪأܿЩʹӵħ֪
ħʦջħ֮дһ˿˷ܣˣüһľˣľͣҲûгΪħʦĿܵġ
ȵȣħʦˡ
ַͻȻüͷղ˵Ҹ֪ɫֱħ֮ǰҲ˵ħ֮⣬йͺڰħΪʲô֪أ
ˣСһ͢Ǻڰ͢õ͢еϴɹߺڰʣûи֪ԪصģʣϵħԪؾҲ֪ˣǹͺڰħԡ
ħʦһֻƷַǰȲҪˣڣҪľ׼ˣǾͰ۾ʲôҪȥ롣
ַֻܱԼ۾ղŸ֪ħԪصʱ򣬳ħԪأڿид˵ӵĴڣȻڵӵ飬ǰĴħʦԼףԼ͸ûиıҪˡ
۾ַо˴ħʦֲڵԼĶͷţоһԼԴ
ˣСһľǳҵϣľѾ൱ڶħʦˮ׼ˡ
ħʦջԼƣ֮ȴزסϲãַСС;ӵôǿľȻ֪һ㣬㹻ΪһħʦˣַûֵĽı죬ҲѾַΪͽ뷨ˡ
Ͼһʵĵʵ󣬵ͣ˵ĻͻȻˣɲ뽫ԼһħоɹĹ
ֻǣһֱͽܵҪ󼫸ߣҲûҵʵͽܣַ磬ͽͷħĸ֪պħʱߣСС;ӵôǿľʵƽûмġ
ô˵ҾͿԸѧϰħˣ
ַ绺۾¶һ˿ЦݣͿҰɣ
ˣСһҪżȸһħԭʡ㿪ʼѧϰ߲֮·
ħʦַͬԼͽܣãνħ޷ǾͨħʦǿľΪý飬ؼħԪء
ַɻĴϵѵս𣿡
Сһˣ㲻˵ʱң
ħʦѵַһ䣬ͻȻʲôսڣѵ𣡡
ַѧˣû˵ȴü
ǿǴȻôսأħʦô壬һħԪͻᱬ
˵󣬴ħʦŽƽԣҪ㣬ҪͼħڣҪģֻЩͿˡ
ַͷȻû˵ȴ̲ס룺ղڿܵ˵ӵĴڣǵҲӦħԪذɣԼĵǵʮһһӿսڵģǣеĵֻǾ磬Ҽ΢ԼԽ֮ӵ˿ص¸ܽ΢ĵսڣ˵תΪˡ
أûνġϵħΪֻھԵʰɡ
Լ֮СС;ӵжħʦľԼտеĵѲ˹ϵ
ˣСһ㲻Ҫ˼ˣǧҪͼħԪڡ
ħʦ̾һպʱֻҪԼľϰħͿˣϵʱһڤķ㣬ֻҪҵķڤ룬ľͻڣҪңҪѧϰϵħ
Ȼǻϵҵʦǻϵħʦô
ַƲƲ죬һϵħûô⣬ѡϵҲֻΪǰϵħʦԼѧϰϵħҪȸѧϰϵħ࣬ϾһӵĻϵħĵñȻԼ߲·
Сһѡ񲻴ǵĻϵħϵħйǿħǷ΢һЩõķǵϵħһֻ֪һζķɱأ
ħʦͰĿַ磬һӿɽ̡ģϲ˵ֻϵħĺôʱͻȻ⴫һŮ˾ֵļ

ֵļַɫʱһ䣬ʶĳſȥûüţżԴħʦĸף


ھ ħ޿
Ŷ찡ϣ
ħʦַ߳⣬㿴һֵĳԼ󣬺ȻһֻҵɫǣԭǸտӵԱ߶
ĸףûˣҵʦᱣġ
ַһ߰οܵŵĸףһ߿ɫħʦʦһʲôһ
Ƿϵħ޿ǣСôħأ
ħʦشַһ䣬һ䣬Ȼȵġ
𾴵ĴħʦˣҡҲ֪ΪʲôʱտԵȴҵĶӳ֪ΪʲôȻоǰһֻ޴ǾͻȻҵԡ
Ȼδ֮лһ˿֣Ҳûע⵽ַڴħʦĳƺѾˡʦ
ðɣַСһĸȽϢֻǾͽˡ
ħʦһ˵һȡԼħȣŶڵϵĿԶԶĺһ䣺뿪⣬һɱ㡣
Ѿóֻƺûʲô⣬Ϊһֱտԣûȷ𹥻ԼַʱҲֻǵͺͨ˿ڿǵצˡ
ƺ˴ħʦĻܵħʦھۼֲͺ
֪ΪʲôȴôҲ뿪طԭͽתڼ໺͸¶ƺЩꡣ
뿪Ȼһɱġ
ħʦѾħȶ׼˿ǣħȶ˵ĻɫʯһͼһССĻſǷ˹ȥ
ۼûеֵһ˳ȥվԭعӣʱԴħʦ׼
ûпǣ˲ݵ֮ϣʱͽϵһЩӲݵȼڴħʦĿ֮£ǺܿϨˡ
ַһ߰οܵŵȣһ߿УղŴħʦǿŻȻֻһͼħңǻ򰵵ɫȻҲûжٹģ˴ħʦֻŻһ¿ǵͼüͷһ壬ŴħʦʦΪʲôɱ
Сһ㲻ģħȻûʲôвȴɱҾͻһλħʦˡ
ħʦһרעĶſǵĶһַ߱͵ܸдֻħ޵һħʦӡǣò˶ãħʦͻջħޣħʦΪ٣һֱŽᣬƲѵʱǲԷġ
ַ΢һ£ðɣҸҵĸײܵκΣա
˶̶̶Ի֮ʣǵĵͺתΪ˷겻ĺУһһţʹһ޴ķС
ٶȼ죬գ֮ͷɵ˴ħʦߣħʦȴţڷнҪϵʱһԼɼĻϸлڻ֮ϣۡһʱɢˡ
ħʦȻûܵһ˺
ǼȻҶҹٲ뿪ҵĵطҾɱˡ
ħʦʹһ䣬ͬʱٴνеħȶ׼ǣŴħʦϵħȶ˵ĻɫʯԽԽΧĻҲŻɫʯ𽥱
𡪡𡪡
дȵڣǲĵͺһΣȻܵ˴ħʦƺǶˣȻڵͺ𣬲ȴĺ˼
ӰɣȻǽҪԿˣ
ַ粻ܿܲԼĻͳһɤӡ
ַ֪һɤãڴħʦǿѹľͺ˼ǸӣƺҪˡ
ħʦˣħȵĶһǿĻƺҪȶΧ¶ȶʱ֣
Ǽˣ֪ԼУٴκ˼͸Ͻˡ
ħʦ˲ջԼħɵĺһתеַĸһȫơ
˵ʲôͻȻоϮһ磬ַо㵵ͬʱתͿǰѾߵĿǴʱѾԼ
ء
ײ˴ħʦϣȴһԶԶ䵽һԵĵϣ޴ĳҲôħʦסΡ
쵰ļһ
ħʦһ䣬ħһӣһɼžĻͳſǷȥ
žĻΪױȼյԣӴ֮ϣ䱬ըһмϵħԸֻĿǣȻҲܽըˡ
ǣǷϵħޣȻʵħʦٶȴǼ죬صһ˲䣬ħʦױѾ˹ȥһ˿㿪֮ȴħʦħʦȴô࣬ȻǿȽɱǣӵпǵħʦҲֵܹϡ
Ҳ룬һͼħ˳ƾͳ˹ȥ
ֻǲͣĶߣҲħʦԶ̵ķ֮СħҲħʦ䡣
ħʦЩСħסǵͬʱҲ˸߼ħʱԶԶĵطͻȻһۺ𾴵Ĵħʦ£ס֣


ʮ ӵػʿħʦ
ħʦĶһҲʶͣ
ȴ˴̼һ㣬ͻȻһһеĳŴħʦ
Ǽ
ħʦȻ˺ͲٹǣԿǵһˣ˳ȥһͽĿռ䱩¶˳ǼħʦҲ廯ΪһӰԽħʦӣֱӳˡ
ŶԭֻӰ
ħʦȥ˿ǵ˼ʶһ䣬ҲݸһֱԼˣֻһʼͲԼΪУ뾭Լ߰
뵽ҡͷЦһ׼߻ԼУȴͻȻоǰһ󾢷绮һȿٶȸӰѾԽӣܵķ׷ȥ
ٶȺÿ죬ղŹȥǸһˣ
ַѾ˳ȻղŴӴħʦ߹ȥǸӰܿ죬ַ绹ֱܷǵȷǸˡ
Ӧһóٶȵսʿ
ħʦƽĳַ˰֣ˣǽȥɡ
صУѾָħʦӭȥллħʦˣллٴξңҸղѾҵĶ˵ѾΪͽˣʵ̫лˣ
ŶûʲôôɫţֻҪи۹ˣһΪͽġ
ħʦ˿Ķַ̾⻰ȵĶУȴԺ
ҵʦȻѾˣǲӦýħأ
ַϴħʦ̾ͻȻüͷһ壺ˣҵʦֱҸҵĸ׶֪أ
ħʦַôһ˵Ȼһ㣺ŶǱǸҵ𾴵ŮʿҵȫСءԳƺΪħʦ
˵䣬ֱкַˣСһѧϰħż֮ǰһѹħһЩúõĽһ飬ȵٽ̸ڤķ쿪ʼҲŻһһĽѧϰħ
Ҿȳȥˣллħʦ
ȺʶȤ˸ǣȻֻһͨˣҲ֪ڱڿεʱԼˡǲڳġ
˵ͷû˵ʲôȹ֮ŰַһϣûڽȻһ
ˡ
ħʦλħʦ
ȵ𣬿üͷһ£ŷ˹ȥ
򿪷ţͿһȥΪӢӣӢӴһϯɫħۣɫʯħУǰħϣĹһöҶʻ£ӿһħԣվһεȡ
ħʦλħʦ˵Ҫ
޹ʼ磬Ÿմг㱻ԵħʦסˣѯǷˣǣֻܴ˿ķš
𾴵Ĵħʦ£ҽһϵ弶ħʦ
Ӣħʦһ߶ſһһҽܣֱ⣺Ҹոոϵħ޿ǳ˹ҵػʿѾȥ׷ˣȶұʾǸθлħʦ²ûɱҵħޡ
ԭûʲôħʦ٣໥չӦõģȻµػʿȥ׷ˣô²Сһɣ
ǸдԵ֪ǰ˵Ĳˣһƣ˵һ䣺µػʿӦһսʿɣ붯һսʿµػʿǲ򵥰
սʿ
ֻдﵽ˰˼ʵŻӵдսʿĳƺţȻսʿţëܴﵽ˼ʵսʿҲѾеλˣȫԼ۹ӣΪ۹ЧнˮͣʿЭ֤˼ʿݣÿŷнˮеӣٻսʿȥһħʦػʿǾ͸˵һλսʿˣ
Ȼǰλ弶ħʦݱȻ򵥡
ħʦ˵Ĳǵ۶ѧԺԺ޲ءĶӣħ޿ǣ״Ϊҵİȫáᡯʿ䵱ҵʱػʿ
˼ЦһЦδħ޿ǣеʿڵĻûô׾ܳɹˣҲ֪ȻԼڵȼϻҪһڻ·ˣҺĴħʦ򣬷ᷢʲô
Ļĵ˵ͷҲȻˣѧԺԺĶӣ㹻һλսʿʱ䵱ػʿˣֻǣȴû뵽ѧԺԺ޲أȻһλħʦӣң弶
˵ʲôһԵַѾ̧ԴĿһɻʵѧԺǸʲôģ


ʮһ 
ɻĿַһۣλǣ
Ŷʦ£ԭͽܵðֻǸӡ
ǸЦЦַ˵ȥСһѧԺǵ۹似ѧԺ㲻Ҫˣһߴȥɡ
ðɣҵʦ
ַε̾˿ڿķһطûʲô飬ƽʱʱտеĵӣԼСС帺ޣֻĵӱ޷սȥˡ
˵ѧԺҲһ䣬ʱϵһߣҲֻһװڷһ͵λħʦ̸ˡ
ַ緢֣Լʦ̸޷ǾһЩĲϣħһ飬˶Ĭı̸ֻ֮һСַͶʱоġ
Ҫ˯ŵʱһ洫˽үѾ׽סˡ
һĽ׳Ĵ߽˿УһƤףһʿ̽һ׼ʿ硪ʱػʿᡣ
߽ӽ׵ĿǣʱѾĶΣ֮⡣
ǶԿл⣬ŸĵĻַѾˣΪַڵľѾȫ˵ʵļϡ
˫ĿУ˸һɻȵĹâ
ҪᣬַɲǶ˸Ȥ֮ԱĽʵļסȫΪͻȻ뵽һϡ
룬ԼյޣǲΪԼ廹ǿ׳أôԼҪܳΪһսʿżⲻϵļǿǲԼھܴĵ
뷨һַﲻͻ


󣬿ָ͵һֱ̫Ҫɽʱ˲˸ǣ뿨лһҪȥ۶ıѧԺơ
˵ĳֶڿ˵ֻеͣû⣬Ǻܿľͱ洫סˣ
ѾͣȻϿʳȽϼªǾˣԭǺŮһϵеȻҲǾרҵѵȻԴӻַûж֣־ʮʱַЩ裬ϾҲѧʱķסϿ
һٷ˳ԵļΪģϿȻΪħʦһˣеľоħ棬ʳҪҲûôߡ
ʹʹĳٷϿãȣĳռֱ̫ˣɣʱȥϴɹһЩʳԺ⿵飬ȫȨˡ
ϿԸУȾͳһר⿵ĳӣĹϿͰڤķ̸ַ磬ڶһ磬ϿȥϵмȻȺַܲԼڼȴҲûʲô취
һΣǸϿȥмϤһ£һΣֻԼȥмɹˡ
ַʱԼϿļһҹڤ룬Ȼû˯ַ緢ԼһҲ񷴶á
ʱַо˶뷨ȳȥ֮ǰȻҪܣַȴû⡣
Ȼڱ˵лֻһʮСƨʵʵ䣬ȴѾһˡ
ԣȺͿǰŸ߳ţַžѾ˳ȥ
ʱѾ˾СֲԶһϣһһ볤ߵһСĿš
ǴϿļзģȻֻвʮأֻʮַ绹Ƿ˺ôľקԼŵ񣬾ǽǰСϣ
ÿһλеַоΪŻӶĴԽ࣬еҲоԽԽֻӶ˲ʮ£ַѾоԼ˫Ҳ̧ˡ
ϣȴֻһǳǳӡۡ
⸱͸ˡ
ַ粻Цһ䣬ȻҲ׻Լ⣬һ˵һСӵڣ֡ȴҲôʹĸоϾںʮûиɹһÿͶǴӸǸ߳ȥСϼȦһΪÿֻһԵʣԼ̫
ǣҲ
ʹùԼҲַһֱһ֡þУΪԼԭǸһλӶȴַ˽¾ǿһ죬Ҳ뿳Сˡ
ַȴôϢһоԼ˫ڻָʱ򣬾ٴλӶɿȥ
˷ιַڸоԼҲ᲻ˣһɫֿ˿ֻвֵָĺۼݺݵıԹһ䣺ģһʱ䶼˷ˣ


ʮ һ
ųصקǿص˿ļУֱַоһЩήҲҪģڴϢһ
ò˵ϿȻԸŹһ㣬ַȴԵüΪһҹͷȥ˯Լķʱøĸס¡
ϿĶȿҲסĵлַȴûж˵ʲôԽĵס
ҹʱ򣬵ַѾ˯죬һʵ£߳ڲƺѾڤ״̬Ͽϣٴλص֮мڤˡ
ֻȴ֪ɪĺ֮УǸźʵµͷ۾ַеССӰȴǾþò
ַڴЪһ󣬸оʹô˯ţ̾һֱڤ
Ҳڤ״̬һ֮Ͽڻص˼
Ͽһڴϻڤַ磬ĵ˵ͷ߲˵ЦŮʿСһù
ˣҵĶӴСͺܶ£ܰΪʦĸ֡һЦһʰ߲ˣǣˣⶼˣַǲҲøһԷˣ
ҲַŬľٶǣȥһÿֻһӣַΣʱÿ춼ܳٱҶٶٶܷʢ鲻ԽԼĶӡ
ûϵȥ⿰ɣ⿺ҾͻСһġ
Ͽ˵һ䣬ͿʼڷŪЩƿƿ޹ޣһħʦ֮⣬һΰʿԴӴ˰ۣྫϣԣôûнżʵҲ츳⡣
ʱַѾڤ״̬˵̸Ѿˣڳڤ֮⣬һſ΢ĵӣԸƹݴ˹ʱѾڰĵָ֮չʾһ£ڵĵѾĵĲˡ
ʵ̫֮⣬еӵ΢Ҳһԭ
ҹڤ룬ûһյӣٴڤʱ֣ڿеӵĸӦȻǰҪǿ࣬յӵٶȣҲ˲١
ѵڤ
Ȼ弫Ϊƣ룬ַл̲סһϲϿ˼ԼľѾ൱ڶħʦĲˣΪǷȱģǶħĿ
ڤ룬ܿ߾֮⣬ҲܼǿħԪصĸַ֪˷ܵģǵҲС
һεٶȣַԸо˵Ҫϲ٣ŵӽԼʱ򣬾һըһӶ
Сһ극ټɡ
۾ַ㷢ϿڷԱһ΢ЦĿԼƺԼŬеΪ⣬ߵķϣѾ˸ָðĲȣԼĸȣѾһݲ˰ڷŵϡ
˵ǣַʱоеļһڤ룬ַԼʹĸоѾ᲻٣㲻ԥӴϷܵ˷ǰ档
ĿһϿϡ
ϿַƺˮҪˣ΢΢һЦָָϵķˣʾȳԡ
ַŸмĿϿһֱۣϵĵԹԵĳһ߳һ߻кȵĸףԷ
ޣҵĺӣôʦԹ֮ٳԣ
ַͷɵַѾԹԵĳ֮󣬲ɵԹַһ䣬ͬʱϿͶȥһǸ
СǺŮڵȼƶȷǳ⣬ʱַ粻ͣԼȰ˵ڳţǶַ۰ҲЩˣַ磬ôĲ;ߣʦǸ
Ͽһ⻰ʱʶˣæҪڽͣȴͷϣûע⵽ϿĶַ绹ûһ䣺ַ磬ôڳأ
ΪʲôַеߣͻȻЩίʶķ˵棬ʵ۵һ죬һ̣Щȥʵüͷĸףѵα𣿡
ȲĿһַ磬ǣžŭααַ磬ôڶ
ҵĸףѾܶˣѵҵʦ;ߣҾԶܳԷ𣿡ַѾ˵棬վЩɶڣѵҪԼ𣿡
㡢ֱ
֮ʹ˦˦֣ϿԼĸˣȻǸмĹԼַôԷǶԣǶϿĶ飬ãԼûֻܾľķϿֻԼŻһЩ
ǣַľٶǸһĶ⣬оϿأǱһ㣡
ǿзŭ˿˫˵ַ磬ѵò𣡣
Ŷ˺ˣĸӾͲҪˣȣղСһȳԵģϿƲԣҵ˻ῪڴԲ
Ҳ
ַûϿĻߵǰҵĸף̫ںЩˣȻĻʮ˵ļӸϹܼϣɫûк˵ݣұϾǺĶӣϹܼٷʮ֮ҲҸôۿһССķӴκˣԵĶޣأʼΪԼֻһŮûаڼӵȨҸ̫ںЩĹأŹʮ

һ˲䣬ַĻһȵͷϿ֮ǰǾ仰ҲûȥƬ̣ţĵױһŨŨίŽǰǸᶨСͻȻоеĳǱһ㣬ϵίһȫתΪ˷ŭ
оһô
㡢ȥٷ㲻óˣȥ
һ̣ļеķŭҵйһ㣬һ仰ǰǸĵСӣЪ˹ĺ˳


ʮ ͷ
ȷŭĺַҲʶԼʧԣͶЩĹؼΪᷳȶԼָҲͷ
ǣղǷһڣеĺڣһ޿Լʮ꣬Լȴ˵ĻɶһصĴ
ʱȵģַ粻ϽǰһǸԲĸףҲģĶԲ𣡡
㣬ȥ
ȼַ߽ǵûнַĵǸǰһѣֻظһ仰ȥҳȥ
ûַһСӻǱһƳ⣬ַҪٴ߽ڵʱ򣬷ȴһˡ
عϣͻȻоһķŭƺһ̶ɢˣյĸоȴһȫתΪί
ĿЩնĹǰĬĬˮôҲ벻ԼĶӾȻᶥײԼңЩԼģ
ѵһʼҾʹôҵĶӶô˵ҡ
ı˫ۣˮۿȸоԼһƬڰ֮Уò׿һ˿ȴԼӵ
ŮʿϿ̾˿ߵȵǰǱǸû뵽ô⣡
˵ǸӦңˣǶԲ𣬶ûнҵĶӡ
Ȳ˲ϵˮϿ֮ȴǻ֣̿ԲǸ鷳ˣԭҵĶӰɣٸһλᣡҿԶŹģҷһܺҶӵģ
Ҫ˵ЩˣҲǹ壬ûôءϿ˰֣ʾԼ⣺ңղŵȷСһȳԵģңַֻһСһҲûκ
⣺ллллˡ
˵䣬һ㶣һϣ˵ղַȳԵģ
ǵģˣǲҪ˵Щϻˣ쿴Сһôˡ
Ͽ̾˿ĸӦǵһγܰɣСѵ벻ˣǵļҿǽͨҰ޶˵ûʲôвСһǿɲ˵ˡ
Ͽһ仰ɾǸȵͷһֻоԼһϽӵһѾ˷š
ǣ֮ȴǿտҲַССӰѾ֪ʲôʱʧ֮⡣
˲䣬һɼߵĽŸȵͷַԴ͸û뿪һſȥɹʳʮĸ˵һη룬ԭΪԼ㽫ַϳţԼĶҲɵȴԼ
ϾȵַԳǿɶһֱܶµģ
ǣпʵڸһΣȴһˣ
ַ磬ҵĺӣġ
տ棬ȷƵܳ⣬վڷǰĲݴлܣͼַǵССӰ
ǣһȦ֮ȴķ֣ŵ֮оĵģ˵ַӰַĽӡûƽ̹Ĳƺ¡
ַ磬İ
ĺַ֣г˾ôľ֧·һ̳ױ
һ̣ôϣԼһʱ嶯ַţѾĵװţֻҪҵַ磬ҲȥѧϰЩԸѧϰĹڣԼʹķȥҲԸַ»һʧ
Ůʿ㲻Ҫ嶯˵
ϿȷäĿһȥϽ׷סֱۣҸҲģϾֻǸӣΪŻ뿪ô̵ʱڣǲԶģżϸҡ
ϿĻȶʱҵĹһ㣬Ͽֱۣ֮ǲˣ֪֪һа취ģ
ǵģҵȷа취ҵ취ɲáϿ̾ϢֻҪʹħҾܸӦλãǣҲ֤ѾΣգ
סˡ
ַʱȷ뿪СݵķΧ뿪ԭȴΪΪơ
˿ַ̣һСĬĬǰһ޼ʵ֣һβͲһ֮ȴص̾һ
βͲݷǰˣַЦѵûֶ𣿡
֮УÿַƵʱܻһĵطĬỊ̆Դ磬ȴҲûŵϤζˡ
ʱ֮Уɵúǻ˲εĸо
ģ
ַһ䣬ؽβͲݶһߣ֮ݣʲô쵰أ֪˶ˣģҪЩĹؽס˵˼룬ҲͲֵᷢı磡
ԹַоǲɫȻ̧һֱֱۣ͵سһָݺݵүɣΪʲôҴԽ磡ԽʹԽ˰ɣΪʲôָһĸף١㡪衪
ݺݺ䣬ַеѾȥ˴룬ֱۣߵСϾ˼ʲô

ãַ̾ϢһʱɫȻѾƽ
һַ̧գ̾ϢôԹҲûðҪ
ðɡȻҵڶҾ;ŬıЩƶȡߵҲı䲻ˣҾԼ뷨ȥ
һ䣬ַһɼᶨ


ʮ 
˵仰ִַӲƺٴժһβͲݵתӣʼϿҵķ򷵻ء
šԼǰ׼ġ뷨ַȷԼĿꡣ
ҪģǾԼǿַףʲôطԼʵҪģֻвϵıǿƾԼ־ڵĻţûʵһжǿ̸
ַܿصϿļУһ·ϻڿǸôԭԼ飬߽УȴȻ֣ѿһˡ
ʱַ֪ϿԼĸ׿϶ѰԼȥˡ
뵽ȻʶԼһʱ֮˸Ƨĵط˸̡ôꡱϰûиоʲôף˵ȴһ˺
ĸһż˰ɣ
ַһЩץץͷһɢɵˣһε鲢ûпǵȵĸܣʱַˣŲЩ
Լĸһʮַ꣬Ѿʼϰ侲ǿʵԱĸףҲѾӡУ˿̣ȷеż顣
ôأôϵǡ
ַļ֮һƨ˷ǰĲƺϣ̾˿˼ŸôϵϿȣ˽ӽһӵʱ䣬ַ뵽һ취
Ǿʹû
Ͽħʱ˵ħʦÿһħһħӶħۼҪжһսǷħʦ룬ǾҪһħʦսûħۼˣָ֪ħۼķΧħʦĸߵͶġ
ϿΪħʦԼ뿪һӦ߲˶Զһܸ֪ԼĻɣ
뵽ַ翪ʼԼľĬϿ̸ԼĻһʹħﲻɵøоһ˿š
ＫΪ򵥣ֻƬ֮䣬ַѾĬϣһССĻԼǰַ֣ʱоԼľŻῪʼʧڣΪƴСʱַŸоֹͣʧļ
ǰССĻַֻŻԼһһԼ־ƣԼĿǰľٿСѾʲôˣоٴһ㣬Լͬʱٿϡ
ŻһȦַԼƿŻľΪףҲ˵Լʩչ˵СԼֱΪ׵ĵطԼĿƣȴŲϵķ裬һһļŻ
ƻȦŻѾСȦ
ַ˿ǰԶĲƺϡ
¶Ȳߣ䵽ƺֻ֮ȼһЩСݣͻϨˣϣھƹɱ˹Ǹħ¶ȣҪԶˡ
һַԭȴϿԼ

ӵһߣϿһŵȿٵżҵķš
ˣѾ𣿡
һһ߶Կ˵һ䣬ȴβסеĻֺ̿͵ǡ
Ͽɫ࣬ǰ˵һ䣺ǲҲ֪ܸоǼҵķħ
ǻǱħʦҲ˵ѽͼ仰οԼ
ߣ㵱ħʦսʿһҪ֪۹Ҳֻвǧħʦû˵һ䣬һ£뵽ʲô˵Ҹ֪ǹħԼֻˮ׼Ǹħۺϼ㣬ӦǸСһû
ԸҵĺӲʲôΣաȼϿ𣬲ټ˵ȥֻĬĬİοԼԸӡ
ַڲƺ֮ԽԽżͷųǸѾ˽ӽһˣȴûзԼĸ׸ϿӰвǽ
ҧҧһ´ӵվ׼ٴͷһʱԶλϴԼĸ׵
ҵĺӣû̫ˣ
תӣַ㿴һżԼϿѾͣ˽Ų
Ȼַ簲ȫϿҲͷģ֪ʱ䣬ĸӵĺãԼҲżǰ
ַӭȣ˵һ䣺ĸףԲʵڲóڶײ
ҵĺӣأΪҲˡ
ȷ·ûַĻһ㣬ӾͽԼĻˮȴѾջ£ΪѾģ壺أܼ̫ˡ
Բĸס
ַͬӵסȣܸܵ¶塣
ϿʱҲߵַĸԣĴ˿΢ŭˣСһϿҹȥԺҪҿ㣡
Բʦĸ׵ˡ
ַ仰֣أںΪܿóϿԼĹġ
ˣֻԼʶһ죬ȴԼʧ١֮żĴԼĸ׵ѰԼƾһ㣬Ѿ㹻סַġ
ˣϻˣڸһȥúħԺ׼뿪߷Χʮ֮ڣ
Ͽ³һŶַ粻ͷİ˰֡
ַ仰ȴһ˵һȺϿ°͵Ļ
ĸףʦٹһʱȥѧϰ似Ҹоħĵ·ʺҡ


ʮ Ҳϲ
ħʦλ磬ÿ»е۹ŵĲнˮϿĴħʦһµнˮ㹻һƽݻӻˣ
һһħʦΪͨһħʦֻҪħõˣÿµнˮҲ㹻һƽóԺúµġ
ȻⶼǴҪģҪıħʦӵеȨ
ڵ۹֮ϵȨ
ǿÿ춼Լϲ飬Ϊ۹Ч쵽Ƶнˮ˭˳۾ɱֻҪɱ˲ǶԵ۹˵Ҫˣǵ۹Ͳ׷Щ顣
ôĴۣ۹ħʦֻһҪǾǣδԵ۹ħʦҪӵ۹
ԣ
Զڱúƽľ飿ֻ֪ھԸѵİˣֻȺͷԼ֫ˣ
ֻǿһЦ
һֱڱٿԭȺڲ¡Ŀ󶴲м۶ЩҰްˣѱ۹ʹøֶ£ֻһţ
ԣǸǲܵ飡
ԣħʦͳ˶һְҵֻҪһƽ֮гһλħʦֻһħʦ˴Ӵ˾Ϳ԰ڴϣĶ˵Լһλħʦˣ
ֻǣ˿ϧǣħʦһֱٵĿ˶лΪħʦģЩħʦ츳ȴҲԸԼΪͽʦһֻܲʵĻȥֱ
ɼܳΪһħʦǶôԺһ飡
ȸ߹ħʦսʿȴ˲ݵһְҵûгΪħʦϣֻϣԼгһճΪһƽλԸһսʿӶƽ
壬ȴͿЩսʿ
ֻսʿţëںܶԹһЩսʿ֮⣬սʿĵλܶƽΪƽ֪ʳЩսʿأ֪֮⣬֪ʲô
ڳõĺƽ£۹Ҫ̫
ڴսʿҲԼԷĵطֻ켣ھưɵ֮УŻԵӡ
ʵսʿǴԻؼֵأžƽһ뻹֮ǣսʿǲԸʹ˹ƽݵ֮ԳΪһսʿϣԼܰÿصԣսʿÿŶӵȴŸַɻڴĻᣬҲԸʵһƽ
ΪǲԸأֻΪǲģ
ַĴʹ֮£һֶѭҲγΪ˰ƽȥѧϰ似ȻҵȴħʦƸΪʿĻᣬֻ΢΢ÿﶼɲļϵսʿܵõħʦƸ룬ȴľô磬ֻһĻȥ
ڼ䣬һ˵ıֻħʦеѰУһּӶ飬󲿷֣ȴõʧҡ
еĻȺ˵ĻǾǡ߰ȴûµһȺһⱲҲˣ
Զ׼ħʦսʿĵλֱһϣһ£
ԣַ˵仰ͬʱϿŭˣ
쵰С쵰ֱˣ
ϿʱƺѾָԵʮ㣬վԭأŭݣһָŻȻеַ磬һ߻סĶţ㡢㡢ˣȻȥһսʿ㡢㡭
ȻϿѾ˵ˡ
Ͽı꣬ȵȴǽַ磬ôŸ߹ħʦΪʲôȴȥΪһսʿ˶ĸôãôܹ˵İ
Ȼû˵꣬Ͽֽ˻磺Сӣˣƾ츳ʮ֮ǰﵽħʦˮ׼ǼĿ϶ģôõ츳ãȻȥΪһսʿԴǲǽˮˣŶϣԭ˵໰ֻ̫ˡ
һ̣ϿԼΪַϵֵŻΪͽˣַħ츳ϿѾͽͷϾѾͺܴˣһħú;Ҹ˴ȥʵ̫ϧˣ
ΰҵַһ֮׼ַﵽ弶ħʦˮ׼ʱ򣬾һһĴأǣСȴΪһսʿ
쵰ѵ׽Ū
ϿвѪ
뵽ϿҲ̲סеķŭߵַǰȵĻн˳קסַ죬ŭݵСӣһĽͣ쵰ѵ׽Ū𣡣
ʦץˡ
ϿŭַԵø⵭ȻҲϿļҷӦһ֪Լ˿̱ñ侲
Ͽѳַһ˼λشһԼ죬ȻϵĳϿҪ̲סһνʱַڿˣɵҼΪݣšΪҲϲԣΪҲʺϳΪһħʦ


ʮ ѵľ
˵䣬ַ翴ϿɫѿһԼһ߼ħԤףȻЩ죬ǸϽһ䣺ҸоҸʺϳΪһսʿǲħġ
ŶţСӣ
Ȼַһ仰Ͽɫÿһ㣬ַ仰ȴǼΪмΪЩһҪ֪Լƽֻһʮң̶һʮܸʲôħѾܿɹˣȻħ˫ޣΪﵽʥӵûУֻԼһ޳ɣ𣿣
ַ磬Ҿÿ˵ĶԼˣľϾޣҪѧǣܸ£ʮ֮ǰܴﵽħʦˮ׼Ǿͺϣʥ򣬵ʥ似Ҳٰ㿴۹ʥڴﵽʥ֮󣬲似𣿡
ҲͼȰ˵ַ磬ϣܡа似׷
ֻǣȴ֪Ҫﵽʥ򣬸ûô򵥣ܶսʿǴħʦһ֮ǰʹﵽ˾żˮ׼һȴҲûͻƵʥеİأͲͨġ
ֻϣԼĶǿֻǿŻгͷһ죡
ַ羲˵Ȱ˵ȴ̾һȺϿ֪ԼȴǼΪ֣ڤԼľҲԼħƿ߶ڿеӵգңҲֻܷ֣ҪԼľ㹻ǿȫڵĵ
ǣʵ̫ˣƮʥ˵ħʦľ磬ȻħƿΪǿ󣬵ȴҲոĵӣ
ȻħЩ棬ǣҲ֪Ȼħʦ٣ȴΨһģܿƵ統УҲֻһ˲УΨһģ
ħʦ֪ʲôַ缸ҿ϶統УȻŵӣȴû˶
ħʦȻ󣬵Լյĵ˵Ǹ㲻ʲôˣ
ӵǰַ֪ԭ¢ϡҪԣ
һ˵ԭζſȺӣĿȺӣ¢ϣǲԴȻ
ǣֻҪһԸԸ⣬һϵеɽկģºܿͻ֣ͲΨһԣ
ǣƿصֶӦûģµ˰ɣ
ַʵ뷨ǵȺϿļҷӦ󣬾֪Լļˡ
飬ڹѾٹ̵˵һʱͽܲˣֻʱƣת˵Ŀˡ
ǣַʱЭΪоԼ仹СٹʱҲң˵ġ
ðɣʦĸףұ˵ˡ
ַװͷɥӣ̯̯֡
ַ仰ȺϿ˿µľַ粻ԼȰһУһһ޳ɵĵزԼСһﻹȥˡ
ˣҵĺӣҪԼ̫ѹţҵĺһֱţ
ȼַ紹ͷɥģٴν§˵һЩοĻ
ϿҲڷģ˿ҲתˣСһÿɥʮ;жħʦľδǲɹ˵Ͽ̳ܽһʥħʦͽܣ
ϿˬʵЦӰѾû˺ڰķ֮С

ǣַ硰ͷɥġЭ֮£ָֻ֮Уÿַ綼ܹɵڤϿҲڰһЩʱַָһЩϵļɣƽĸ˵ĻʳңϿǼ䷿ӵԱߣܿٴνӡ
䷿ӵȻǸȺַסģַһ쳤Ѿټ˯һˣȻַ仹ǺСӵȻǸ׳գֶ߳һѾγɣֻǸʱ̫СȲûк˵ݣСССүһõķ䣬ֻܸסͬһ
ھͲͬˣϿļλƫƧƬ֮УźܴĿռ䣬ϿֻȥһЩͼսʿǰΧľһ֣͸ȺַǺľݡ
ϿǮЩͼսʿʱЩսʿȴôҲϿݹңϣϿܸһħ츳ĲԣЩ˶ףһгΪħʦĻᣬҺͽȻ˺ܶ࣬ǰĻᣬҵĽʲô
ҵǣЩ֮УûһгΪħʦ츳ϿȴǿĽøЩˡ
飬ַȻǿ̾ƶȺ˵ͬʱȴԥΪ
ԼǸüּԼĹǸ󻷾֮£ʵʵһħʦأ


ʮ רڤ
ȻƽַЩãþôħȥһ죬϶Ϊĸֻһ̫ߣֻҪħʦˮ׼Ϊĸֻعָտɴ
ǣħʦҲԼҪϾǸġ֡ȻֻһЦַоǲˬ
ңʵһֱоԼħûжȤϿӰҲûʲôȤΨһȤģԼĵ
룬ƿصı죬ʲôΡ
֣ԴԼʼڤ֮󣬸ͲҪ˯ˣԣҹʱҲֵܳ
ʱ䣬ڤ룬ϿΪԼ֪ʶȵҹ˾ʱĵĴԼǸͷһƫƧĵطľͷԼ壡
ȵһλڶεʱַ˺ܴĽһҹʱ䣬ѾܰһСɿϽӽһˣ˵ʱ򣬲Сַܱ翳
ոһգ¸һ£ƽĶɹһַ֮һϵʱڿʮСˣǱͷĸУҲĥĶȥ
ַ磬Ѿļħʦˮ׼Ͽ˵ħƿȴͣĺǣͷųһļĻħߡȴֱֻ߷йַͿƲ˻֮ǿߵ׼ͷôһ㡣
Щַһ㶼ںΪһʱ䣬ģȴ
ʵ֮ǰʱַѾֻ֣ǿĻԼѾһȥǱĸѶۣҲ᲻ľͷȤˣңССӵУû̫ľ⾭һĿҲѾʣ޼ˣֻǾ˷ӵĸΪַ絣¶ڣһ
ʵϣַҹжѾ¶ˣһΣϿҹħʵʱҪȣ뵽ԼǱ֪ѾԼͷԼķȴҲûҵ֮£ϿҹȥһɾճŵʱȴԶСɽϴһɺֵĶ
ӵа˼Ϣ֮Ķ˵쳣УҲħʦһص㡣
һ˿棬Ͽ˳ֵ˹ȥ
ǣԴʱ򣬱㿴ϤǸССӰҲǱĳɿš
ʱϿĵһӦǳȥݺݵСһ١ЦħʦҪľͷĻõԼȥ
ϿѾԵĲСһͲҪľͷ壡
ħʦõսʿǿ׳Сһ˷ħʦʱ䣡
ǣȥ뷨һļһ뷨ȴͬʱһ˲䣬Ͽеŭȴƽȥ
Ϊ뵽Լ壬ΪĲк壬ѾоԼˣ£ٹ˶꣬ԼҲһغ˰ɣ
ǰǸƴľСһССͣôߵľһĽٶȣ£ʮͷܴﵽħʦˮ׼ȻԼֺοٸСһʩѹأ
СһɳгһգͻƵʥҲ˵أ
һԼѾȥӦҲھ㷹ֵ֮ŹַһЩɣ
˵ַʥħʦһλпĴħʦ

ĻӦ֮ΪɣϾǿңɼʥ򰡣
˵ϿҲΪСһʷأ
뷨ǣϿ˳ȥݺѵַ뷨ı£ַĵϿּĿһַıݣĵĻȥˡ
Ͽ֪ȴǣַ羫ԭ򣬲ֻ츳ùԭȴյǸֵıϣ
һǿַҲոĵ
ÿ쿪ʼڤʱ򣬾һ֪еĵӣս嵱УʼʱյӵٶȲΪƣ̫ĵӣǣһ𽥱ǿַյӵٶҲԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬û뵽ǣԽĵӣȴľ
ÿڤյӵͬʱַ綼ܸоӽԼ壬ԼľҲţյӵٶԽ죬ҲԽԣ
ԣַŻڶ̶̵һʱӶħʦˮ׼ֱһԾļ
û뵽ģҲԼķһַܺ֡ʽڤ롱
ڤķʽԼ֮⣬ûĵˣ
ڤķʽרԼһ˵ģ
ңַ緢֣Ǿŵӽ壬ַܸоԼҪǿ׳ˣǿ׳ֻԴڷľĶǰŵӽ壬ǿԼļอõһЩԵǿ
Ϊӡ֤۵㣬ַԲȥľͷ壬רĵ
ַľϲӡ֤Ĺ۵㣬һջ
һջֱַϲ


ʮ ȥ
ַ緢֣ѵսڣǿԼ壬ܿԼľ㣬ȴȲǸջ
ջַвŷֵġ
֣ǿԼҲոĵԼ壬൱һԳĵأڵĵľʱԼͿԴӿյ
ڵãַвŷֵջˣžߣַڵĵҲԽԽ࣬ǰʱֻܽͨԼ˫ʩչžǿѾԽȫĵ棬ңŵľ룬Ҳơ
Ƶľ룬ȻĸߵͶԶˡ
˵ַǿһĴСĻľ൱ʹصķʽ
һأڵӵңҲʹص㹻ǿǵ綯ĵƿҲͬʹ
ԽǿĵԽ࣬ԽǿƵǿȺ;ҲԽǿ
ÿյʹľߣߣͬʱеģ
Ҳ˵ַͨġַʽڤ롱գǿȺǿȣͬʱõɳ
һϣַͿԴﵽħ˫޵ĵزˣҪģͽֻǡַʽڤѣʵϣҲˣ
Ƿȱģѧϰ似ˣ򣬾ʹﵽϵħ˫ˣ
ħ似ͬʱߣַڵ״̬
ͬʱı죬³һ֮⣬˶ˣ
ֻϲ˲һַȴͷ
ַʽȥﵽ˴ħʦˮ׼ǿӦҲѾˣսһֱħʦ㣬Լ似ͬﵽսʿˮ׼ǶԼ˵ս͸㲻ʲôˣ
һԼͱȻҪȥѧϰ似ֻҪڽսķ棬ܵõܴߣȻħʦҲħķֶΣͷŷħϾҪһЩʱ䣬ҪĴľһͷŹԵħȻͼˣңǿĶ֣˵ͷųħ˼ҾѾ㿳ˣ
ǣ˶ڷֶϱȻõһȵĶҪʱ䣬ҲҪľǿжսʱ򣬾ֵܳյȻ
ħ˫޵ĺôҲʥħʦΪڴﵽʥ֮󣬾似ԭ
ǣ̫ˣħϲܴﵽʥǸû似ʱ䣬ĸħʦַ̬ڤ뷽ʽأ
ԣַӼᶨԼ뷨ȥ似ѧԺ
Ȼħ似ͬʱɲ˷ⱦĻᡣ
Ҫѧϰ似Ǿ͵߳ӣѧϰ似ȥַ绹ǵõǸħʦ˵ıѧԺط
ϾѧԺһϵϵͳɶרΪǿ趨ģֻҪǿļǾڲˣѧϰһЩ似Ǿһϸսʿˡ
һַʱʱĹϿűѧԺϿҲûжһֻвʮһĺַѯʲôҲ˵˳
ڵ۶ıѧԺַѾһµ˽⡣
ѧԺַӡ൱ǰ֪Ĺ𡢽һУ֮еѧﲻܵõĽѵңһѧԺбҵлõҵļ
òļҲõļߣһУֱӽ˵ֻҪ˳ҵǾǰ;
ǣҪ˳ҵɾûôˡ
ѧԺΪ⣬ÿҵҲޣҪõҵѧ˶꣬ȫǿʵ
ȷһոѧһѧԱֻҪʵǿܱȺܶѧѧԱ׻ñҵʸ
ֻҪʸͨһѧԺõĿ飬Ǿ˳ҵˣ
ÿӱѧԺбҵѧԱ˺һĶǿߣ
ѧԺѧĿҲΪѣǣַԼʵģ
ַĿ꣬߳ӣȥⱣѧԺѧϰ似
ңһԭŴʹַȥ㣬ַ緢֣еĵʵ̫ˣԼ廹϶ǿյӵٶҲܿ죬ⶼֻʱģһյӵٶҲԽԽ죬Լ嵽һǿȣ΢ĵѾԼҪʱǾ͸ȥѰµշˡ
ȻַΣĿ껹кܴľ룬ǣòΪԼýĴ㣬ʡĵʱµͷԼȴҲİ취ż
ԣ۴ĸ˵ַ綼Ҫ߳ӡ
ǣҪ߳ӣȥ۶ıѧԺѧϰĻȾҪϿԼĸ׸ǡ
ʮһ굱Уǹ¶ַһᵽĸĸоȻĻûЩYYС˵ԺգΪݵ˽ӣԼĸףַ֮УһΪȻȷֿΪԼһΪĸ׸õֻһͲò
һ뿪ĸĳѨ԰ʣȥѰԼ
ؼһҲҪһ
ȻᣬȴǱȻƣ
ַͷ۵һǸϿĵ
λԼĸӴӾƹоȳԼĸףԼΪͽĴħʦַȻĻмңҪ˵Լȥѧ䣬ϼһﶨȻᲪȻŭ
ַҲһʱͷڸǶ̽Ͽ˼ַ緢֣Ͽ˼ͲͬԼȥѧ飬һȥϿεŭַҲͷ˸֪ϿĴ㣬ʡԼͲ
ǣϼһ֪Լڤ뷽ʽԼĳɹ󣬻᲻ı뷨أ
ǣԼôϼһأ
뷨ַ߽Ͽķ䣬ǣһ߽ȥһ


ʮ 
ֻϿķŷŸָߣ״һһĶ飬һϣһߣϿԼħȶ׼βħȶ˵ĺ챦ʯϣȻһС
ֻС۴¶Ȼǹĳ̶ȣҪһ֮ǰַͷųǸǿϼ
һʱķַѾ˲ٸӣΪľͷյӵԵʣ嵥ַ磬˿Ҳת˲٣Ȼ㲻ǿ׳ĵѾʧˡ
Ͽһ㶼ûб仯Ƶϴı飬۾򴦵ֻǣԭװ׵ĺӴ˿̿ЩңϵİɫӣҲմ۹ȻϼһƺԵúǱȴǼΪרעַѾ˽ûв
찡ҵʦڷʲô
ַ֪ϿǸʿһЩϡŹֵĶǰȻȴҲֵѯϿһ䡣
ŶСһˡ
Ͽһַ磬ְѾٴηֵµСϣڸ췢
ϿƽַĶȴһըһ㣬ֱըĵף
һ굱Уַѵĸ򵥵ĸϿһЩڡ໥ġۺһЩ򵥵ķԭҲһַЩǰѧʱѧ֪ʶǵҲǺܸϿѧϰħԼȴָʲôôַЩⲻȥ㽫Щɢɢ֪ʶ˺ʱ䣬ĵĸϿһ顣
ʱû⣬ȴ벻ϿȻԼ˵ЩɢĻһ̨
ңģӦһ̨
Ĳ죬ַĵĹ۲֮󣬲ЩɻȻûмľӣǿϿһСտˮ֣һߵĵ··ϺκηӦ֪Ͽʧˡ
Ȼַ绹δ˵Ͽźҡҡͷ̾һаûʲôЧһС¶Ӧôﲻ˵ӶѹˮЧ
ǺǣҵʦҪżɲһּ򵥵ĶȻҲ̫ȴ֪ڲṹ൱ӣͲô׾ܷġ
ַЩݸĵĸϿԼӡеԭ֪ҪϵͳȼϹϵͳˮϵͳϵͳȴϵͳϵͳԼһЩܶศϵͳ̨Ĺô򵥡
ðɣСһ治֪СԴΪλôֵ뷨
ϿеħȣӺ˿ˮȴ֪ң϶ʲôµӰɣ
֮УַÿǰһЩ֪ʶԺϿϸĵڳ˵һ̨ȴʧܵģϾͲѿʧȻ֮еġ
ϿΪַ׼ʲôϽϵƤֽһë׼¼

ַһ£ɫЩŹ֣ʵҵʦһ뵽ʲôӣǡ
˵ַȴ֪ô˵ȥˡ
ϿüͷеĶϽߴһ䣺Сʲô飿Ҳ˵ҪħǾ͵Ȱʱѯң㿴ڸճ緹ûһͲʱ䣡û飬ҾͿʼоˣ
ħ⣬¡ַϽҡֽ͡
ϿıЩΣ¸ʲô¾Ϳң
Ǻðɣʦġ
ַɴʼ磬һ̯˵е뷨
Ͽƺ⣬һַ˵ڷ֪ʶģѾʼæһ߻ͷĻ˻֣ŶǻûеĻҾͿʼоˣ
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ַоϿƺЩĲɣԼ΢ϸرԼе뷨
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תӣɻĶַ磬üͷСһ˵Ҫ뿪ط
ǵģʦҾ˼
ڵϿ˵仰ַоһɡ
Ҫȥѧϰ似ļƻûдϿҲԼĸȣ˵˼Ѹٹ̣Լô˵Ҳ⣬Ȼˣַɴһȥɵڣȥʵ͵͵뱣ѧԺΪһսʿ
ңۺħʵҲ൱ħʦˣĽڴԼʮһС˵ӦòϿɡ
ΪĵȴǣԼֻʮһͣϿȾ᲻ͬԼء
ַ뵽Ȼоһ𣬾Ӷ¡¡ʶĸϽһƽ⣬ѿڶҿǵ˰ɣ
Ͽɫһ䣬ϽסӣȴûĸһأؿЩ۵Ҳ˲ĨһɺɫַһСһ㲻Ҫܣң
˵䣬ַ粻ܣܳ⡣


ڶʮ 
ַע⵽ϿϵأĵײһȻ֪׷ʲôϿı֣֪ͲǷʲôȻϿ֪ʲôģ
ַ籾ͲһĺúӣȻϿҪܣϿصģַвɵһɵģϿദһԼĸڣദļΪǢַ緢֣ϿƢȻŹһ㣬˵һ׼ϺˣңһΪϸĵˡ
Ʃ磬̾⿳ʳÿȽǲɹʱϿһңһЩԼϲС
Ʃ磬ÿоħʱ򣬶Լķڲһ͵ķħԷоʧܲըַĸӡַĸ˵֮ǰûϰߵġ
ϸһ굱в֪˶ٴΣַ翴ǱĬ֮ҲϿ˲ٺøС
ַӡϿһֱɢݵģһοϳصɫַĵ͵һͻԥ˳Ͽȥķ׷ȥ
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ַܳʱ㿴ϿӺַȥ˿ĵظȥ
ĿǰǿȣϿĲʲôѵ飬һֱϿһľ룬Ͽɫƺڿʲô飬ûע⵽ַ硣
һСַ緢ǰϿͣӣϽһŴ棬ֻ¶һ˫۾Ĺ۲ϿĶ̬
ǰԶһܸ߶ֹͺͺ£ǶȿȥͿϷʲô
Ͽͣ·촽º϶Ȼʲôħ
һϿһ㵭ĺΣһһ棬ַ翴һϵһ߼ĻϵħϿͷųһħ˵ʲô
ѵǰһ񶷣
ַ¼ŵ׷ʲô飬ֻýһζϽ壬һ𶯣ԵĸоҪϴεǿңΧϵҶӣҲ׷䡣
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ǵϿ߹ԼϵģԣһмħΪħһʩչ֮ƣԸıԼأӶһսʿٶȣȻڻڲһС͵ĸռ䣬ȻĻͨѪַ֪֮ħʦֻħԪذˣҲΪڲĸħƿҪȽϸߣԣΪһмħ
ħҲһȱ㡪Ȼ滷ƣǽӴĶᱻҲʲôȱ㣬Ͼ԰ֻ浱һֶֹΡ
ַĿǰʵ˵ʹòϿ˵Ӧòʲô£ͷųħϿòô
ѵһܻٻĶ
Щͷһ˲ַϿѾͻƣɻȥ
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ϿַвٴɻɵûϿʲô˼ʱͻȻ͵һֱһɺ֮ĸо
һַ̣ҲϿˡ
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ٴξҲڵ˫ֿٽϿûܵӰ죬ַȴûôˡ
ͻַһȣʧȥƽ⳯·ȥַһͬʱѾԼˡ
ת֮䣬ַǱĹ棬վϽϵĻȱԹʲô͸ϽϵϿȥ
ϿûзԼ̶ֻһ֮䣬ѾʧµбϣȻϿѾµ档
ַ粻ԥĴϵĻϽȥ
彡һĶѾ˲׵¶ϿЩѣַ˵Ͳʲô
ֻ˶̶һСʱ䣬ַѾϷıԵһסԼӣϷ̽ͷȥ
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ڶʮһ ʯ
ַǰһƽأƽصĺһˮ̶ȴõס˺ȥ·
Ͽ˿̱Լдʡ
ϵˮ̶ַ羪ȣΪʲôһˮ̶ȵȴϿԵǸ
͸Ͽµǵ϶ħ۲ŵأַ翴ԶһεѣѵɢɢĳһЩӲݣ״Ķַһʱ뵽֡ײģ
ѵһײĲɣ
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ǰԽԽ࣬ϿǸεĶңңһָЩžǰͺ̵ӿȥǸΰΧ档
ϿûֹͣﷴԽԽ죬ַͿһһɵԴԴϵĳǸӿȥ
ʱ򡭡
ء
һըַͿǸŰڵĳ͵һѿ˼϶ͬʱһ˲ٴζ
ֻŰסб֮ǰҪС˲٣ǣΧҲһɢһЩ
ȻС˲٣ôľ֮£ַ绹ǲһҺþǰεġ𡱣Ѿ׼ڵһ˲䣬˫ֱٽ֮Уûбȥ
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ϿĿȻдʣٶҲԽԽ죬͸ǵ϶ַѾϿǰĵط˼ˮΡ
һ̣ѾⲻʲôˮˣǴϿµĺˮ
ַвƣ⵽ʲôֻһСϿħʦ˺ˮ
УǸεĶʲôʲôΪʲôʱʱķôǿҵأ
һ˲䣬ʳַУʱϿֹͣ
ַ翴Ͽ򳤷δ߽ߵ˰ΧεǹűϣȻ˫ƽڳεϿգһЩɬѶĴţ˫ɢһɵɫӵһ㣬·ĳγȥ
ЩɫһЩ͸ɫŽӴŵУϿ˫ϲðֺɫԭ͸ɫ𽥱˵ĺɫеŶΪɫʱȴͻȻҵҡƺųɵɫһ㣡
ϿȴŲæջԼ˫֡
ֻǣջصĶַ翴ƣĸоַ翼ʲôϿȴٴδ˻ɬѶĴʾ䡣
һΣַȻûϿ˵ʲôǣȴоһĸоЩ޲𹥻һ㣬ϿΪɢȥַȻоһƽ͡
ϵźɫţںϵ˳֮Уʧڳεıϣŵɫ볤ڲҲֹͣҡΣָԭȵƽС
һУϿƺԵüΪƣ̧ͷһȻ󻺻³Ŵӻһ򵥵Ĳһϵĺˮ㾲ųγĬƺ˼ʲôڻʲôһ
ַǶȣͿϿı飬Ͽһһ
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ڣϿջֱۣĵ̾һ

̾ϢϵĺַܳһּΪֺǻں޸о
̾ϿŲתӣƺҪ뿪
ַһϽͷȥ滬ȥʱȴͻȻϱһըװ
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ʲôըһ㣬ֱַоЩͷζ
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ַжȻһһֲõĸо̸ͷ룬ϿԼϽ̽ͷϷȥ
ֻǣڶ̽ͷȴֱһ
ֻԭǸΣ˿̱Ѿɲ٣ǰһȥӳ¾ɵʯףʯ׵ĹϵһЩӵĻƣⲢص㣡
Ҫģȴʯ׵Ĺ׸ѾŵıըƷɵһԣһѾǸˮ̶֮Уʧȥ׸ǵʯϣһӰ
ʱϿɫصվʯ֮ǰϵħֻʣȻһħѾűըĳȥ˿ѾǸħȣҶ׼ʯϵӰħȶ˵ĻɫʯѾ˶ĿĹâ


ڶʮ ʯе
ǶȣַֻģĿʯӰȴͿӰȫò
ֻӰһɫ棬ȥòֻ͸¶ʵʵĿ⣬ȴַһ
һ˫۾һεĺɫǿֵͲĹâһ
ʱʯ˾ʯһҲǿâ۾ϿҲ֪˼ʲô
ַӰԶһ룬ȴܵһа
аʯӰΪɢַֻĪһ˿־ţʶľϽܣ
ѵʯǸϺɫ壬νĺڰԪô
ʹѹסеǹɿ־ţôſϣųϡ
ʮˣ㻹˯ˣֻȴû뵽һ˯ѱϴǰʮ졭
Ͽ·Ƕһ㣬ЩЦħȶ˵ıʯѾԽԽ֪һΣһܲ˯ȥ
˵䣬ϿһӰħȣһǰȥ¼˯ɣ㲻ġ
ƺڴһ㣬ַϿֻоһϮ̲ס۾˯ȥҺڹؼʱдһ飬ȻĻַоԼҪ˯ȥˡ
вɵЩԾϿԵĸͲԼԼֻǱˣôǿЧ
ʯеǸӰأ
ַѾע⵽Ͽħȶ˵ĹâһֹԵħһưԵħʱϿѾ߽ӰԣһֱظǰǾ仰ɢŹԵħҲѾʯеǸӰ
ַǿĸоСעųУҪ˯ŵʱͻȻĵһ
໺𡭡
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Ͽ˲ˣһֱظǾ·ŴħĻСеħʯеӰ̽ȥ
ǣҲֻǰӣǰһ㣬һԵúǽţΨһĺôܿٺˣַ翴ЩƣʯеǸӰϿĴħʦеô
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ϿһϷʱСĵǰһСеħȣҲʯӰϡ
ħȶ˴ʯӰһ̡
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ʧȥƵħȶ˵Ĺâȥʯ˵ƺ⧼ϿҲʯ˵һ¶ʱĵڵء
ϿȻֹħɢĹâѾԶԶ뿪ʯ˵ķΧ䵭ʯͻȻͷͻȻһ
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ϿǱһ㣬ϾսʿЩȻʯ˵ǰ
ֻǣʯ˴Ͽϵĵڶӣʲô˺һ㣬Ͻʹһ㿪ԣڶӵĹâѾȥʱʧĿܡ
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𣡡
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ʯ˵ٶȱϿҪϺüһˣϿ˵ϣϿϵĵڶħҲٴηãʯٴκ˼ϿĵڶѾʧˣ
ֻˣͽħʦʩչмħƵȻʯ˵ʵҲ൱ס
Ͽһ˶ʱ㱻ͣȴҲʯˣٴ𣬳Ǹħȵķȥ
ʯ˼ľģͻȻһϿǰһֻĳϿȻȥ
ֻӿźɫ壬ڽӴϿһħֵʱ㷢ˡꡱƺڸʴϿħһ㡣
ǣʯҲܵ˼ʹ࣬﷢ʹĺûзֹϿһһµĻӶֱϿħϣ
һǸ߼ħʯ˵ȻûȥһķϿȴܲסػˣֻǲһĹ򣬾ͱƵɽµıԵϡ
Ľ£ַĲλã
ַ֪ԼҲزȥˣһ£Ͻվһ̣ȭϴһǿĵȻʯ˵ȥ
ͬʱУѾһħ


ڶʮ ˶ǱƳ
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Ϊмʱ伫ΪݣҲֻΪ򵥵Ļˡ
ǣϿŻʯȥûѯַΪλͻȻɫ䣬еĳʯ˳ȥ
ϿмУڻײʯϵһ˲䣬Ѿܵʯ˵ǰֻŻ׼ȷϿϵħϡ
ַд󾪣ǸʯǵˣϿΪʲôΪԼĻ
ַĻϿɲ˶˺Ǹ߼ħӵĹâûмϿһַ̻󺰣Ҫ˺
磬͡ķͬϿһ˵ַʱһʯŮԣ
Ͽ˵ʲôȴӷһ䣬³һѪһЩԣı⵽ʯ˵Ĺ
ҲһµϿҵַǰʱϿϵӺַ֪ʧǰף
ʯ˷·ַһ¸ŭˣͻȻ嵽ַǰ﷢һХһֻ־ͳַ
ϿʱѾƺԼ壬վֱȴֱӵַǰ
һַֻ̡Ͽ͵ӰޱȸߴͷӣôԥĵԼǰ
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ҺãһаĿȥҲ죬գ֮ʧϿҲõ˹һԵħȡ
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һΣʯͻȻϿȴ˿ҷɣСһһʯ˱ȹȥ
ַһεﲢûжԼκЧϿѾԼֵˡȫ򡱰ɣ
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Ѿû˺֮·Ͽȴһǰַ翴ʯƺЩɪɪħȶ˹âĿĵͺѾԽԽԵ÷ꡣ
ַͻȻһһ̣ǱƵļˣʯ˿һȻӵԾ𣬳Ͽַ


ڶʮ ˣ
֪͵Ϯˣ
ַһȭͷҪȥǣϿȴַһʯ˾ħȣ
һ̣ħȶ˵ıʯȻϿǰһ㣬ʯλãҲʯ½Ǹλã
ʯ˼ˣ﷢˾ֵļУ
ǣƺҲֹ½壬һ̣ӻɢ貹âıʯϡ

һַֻ̣ǵʲôһ㣬֮УͻȻһ
Ȼʶ̧ͷȥֻǣһʹסˡ
·ʱһַ̣Ͽһۣ촽ɫأǼĿ֮Уһ˿̡
һԣԭڵʯˣڽӴħȶ˱ʯһ̣ɢ¶ա
ôһλŮӰ
ַڿһ۵ʱĸп
˿̵ʯŮӣһ׵ĳۣһϯĺڷ̾䣬ѩ׵Ĳ֣ĶͷܿȧǸ߸͹𣬼°һԱ촽ôһֻ㣬Ưմϱߣǣɢһʣ˿ȥвɵøϡĸо
һַ̣֪ΪʲôСƯ͡ףƯͲͬһ˼ˣ
ֻǣ͸¶ޱȾ֣ƻʣһ˲䣬Ͽһᶨħȣس·ȥ
ء
ʯŮӱڵأʱ㷢һʹУҲסڵϷͣܵ˾޴˺һ㡣
ϿһħȣҪת˵ʲô۽ǵȴֿʯŮٴθɫ壡
ɫһ䣬Ͻħٴηââո𣬵ϵʯŮѾָ֮ǰģƺʹȬڵϿеħȲǰվԭηĵͺš
̫ϧˡ
Ͽ̾һħȵԲ䣬ͷӲԭ
ԭǸħأַȻ֪Ͽͷŵʲôħʶһ䡣
ϿͻȻĬħңָʯŮӣ˺һŵصԭǸѾʮǰٵˡ
ַ翪ڣϿȴٴ˵СһǧҪҶѾˣûʲôǻۣҵķǲġ
ħ
ַɻ󣬵Ҳ֪ʱѯʵʱ򣬾ͳϿصĵ˵ͷ
ϿˣŴӻһװɫҺƿӣһҧƿǣڴڵľͺȥһƿ㽫ƿһԣʱ
ַ֪Ͽղźµһƿħҩǲ侫ҩѵϼһҲвõʱˣ
ϿһһʯŮӱȥٴֵĿھһΣԹʯŮȻŵĺţȺ˵ˮ̶ıԵɪɪĶȥ
ϿͷѾðССļǰħϵıʯݵʯŮǰڽӴʯŮӵһɲʯĹâȻٴδ
ʯŮӸողųԹһʯʱ;ֵļٳϿȥȴһԾַ˹ȥ
ҿ㲻˵ṥ𣡡
ַʶƿڴʦƺˣôľ룬Ͷ㲻ˣ
ϿȻҲûϵʯŮӻַ磬֮¸ϽӶеħȳʯŮȥʯŮӵٶ̫죬Ѿˣ
ַһݣҧҧһ̣Ƴȫĵѹ֮ϣӿ˾ĵѹַһ֮£ͳʯŮӭȥͬʱַʶıԼ˫ۣ
Ҫ
ϿЩصַϡ
ѽ
ĺʯŮӿַֻоһɴϮȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺
۾ʱǰһĻȴˡ
Ͽɴ˫ۣţǰʯŮӣѾԶԡ˹ȥϵĺѾʧ¶˿ȥա
ˣ
ַоԼյģ˿Լ˫ֿ֣˿ڵϵŮӣɵɻʳ˿ڡ
һڰϿлϿһ˿ϲϽܵʯŮӵǰͬʱ˵һ䣺ˡ
˵ţϿ˵ϵŮӣ첽ʯ֮ǰĽŮӷʯ֮Уܵˮ̶֮ǰ˫ץסʯ׸ӣţովһսǴ֮ʹק˰죬ƶʯ׸Ӱ벽ҵľ롣
ַ˸Ͻǰæһͽ˫ַʯ׸ϣǣʱȴʯ׸Ӳûеôء
һʯ׸Ӿͱˮ̶˵Ŭ֮£ڽʯϡ
ϿͷųһϵͼħϵϵħǻͼģʯһУҲܵ氹࣬ôһƨһ
ҵʦ⵽ô£ΪʲôҲҪ˺
ַлɻһ룬ֲһ䣺УôоǸʯ׵ĸӲǶôذ


ڶʮ 
Ͽ̾һͻȻ̧ͷһɫĬ˺һŻ˵ǸײĸǿĵģһЩѹײе
һ£Ͽֵںܾ֮ǰѾˣǰһּ񶾵Ķ䣬ÿʮһΣֻнϵĺɢٴν롮˯ߡ֮УͻԱ¶ɱˣң㽫ϵĺɢ˯״̬ʱʯиϹ׸ǵĻҲٴΡѡ
ǡ˭ַüͷһ壺ôֶ䣿

Ͽ۵׻һ˿ģЩͳ˵˳ҵӡ
ӣ
ַ羪ȵЩϲ£죬ϿĻ˵ϣַĬˣϿеǹɱˣȻ֪ԼʦΪʲôᱻʩ϶䣬ϿΪʲôַȵ⣬Ͼӵг˵˼룬֪ʱǶʵʱ򣬾ı͡
֪ϿԼһͻԼԼԼҲûбҪȥʣ˿Ρ
ַ羭Ůѱѵʹ࣬ᵽϿ˿̵飬֪黹ǲҪĺã䣬Ҳı䲻ѾʵԣʱţԼĵװɣ
ܲᣬͲˣ
Ϊʲô˺ǻ˵ôַ绻λ˼һ£ˡӣѵ£ñ˹ô
ϿַʶȤû׷ʣɵֵַһۣҲû׼˵̾һϿϢˣӵվƨϵĻַǻȥɡ
һŵпַڶУҲ˵ֻĵ˵ͷ
һ·޻˶ǳԼĻ֮УٴλصʱϿת˻⣺Сһ֮ǰ˵Ҫȥ
ǵģ׼ȥһǿԼʵַˣҲĬĲ᷽ŷ顣
Ͽһ׼ȥʲôط
׼ȥԭϣһ֧Χðն顣
ַܿ˵һ𰸣ϿһЩ鼮˽⣬½ıԭסŰúƽľ飬Ҫﾫסɭ֣ҪԽðǳΪجΡıԭ
جεıԭϣǸָħޣܶðŶӶƬԭɱһЩħޣȡǵħ˻ǰħ޵ıƤӶȡһЩꡣ
ЩˣȴһȺڵϵˣħޱԭǸ֪Լ᲻һ̾ͽĳֻħ޵
С͵ðŶҲֻǸڱԭΧתתֻһЩϵĴðŶӣŸԭ
ַ˵Χðն飬ָСðŶӣŶ嵽ʮ˲ȵɣǵĿֻڱԭΧɱһЩͼħ޻ȡǮơ
С͵ðŶڱԭΧضǣħ޵ðɱģС͵Ķ鵱УӦ˵ʲôΣյġ
ԣַŻĵĸϿţԼĿǰֻǸСӣԼħۺʵкܶðŶԸ£ԼģһЩðţǳӭħʦļ룬Ͼ߰ħʦϡ٣ÿŵ۹нˮмΣյıɭأ
ַֻֻ仰ӣɲȥǸܶ˵ı
ַϣϿһ仰ȴֱӽҴַСϷ
ߺߣСһȥıԭΧЦˡ
Ͽ·˸ղŷ飬ЦЦħʦˮ׼ΪڱԭΧΧ˱ħ޶࣬ܿһֻŵħޣС͵ðһӵˣûгֵĻᣬңΪħʦݣ⵽Сðŵļʣڤʱ͵͵ȻɱٽͬȻǻɱħ޺õħһĶֻٱðŶɱ˵Щ𣿡
ϿһܽߣΧճ̶ȸͲڱԭֻ㽫ԵĲǸߵħޣ࣡Ҫףħ޸ѶԸǱħ޻ҪƻߺߣͲȥʲôجαԭɣ
ȻϿ˵仰ʱûʶԼҲǽƻеһӡ
ַҪڽͣϿȴǰһ£ЦСһǰֵͼϷҲµĲӦȥ۶ıѧԺѧϰ似ɣ
ðɣҵʦҳ˵Ĳ
ڣַֻܳԼ뷨ԭ֪Լλ©٣ңŵսҲ¶ʵҲԼСΪƾ裬Ͽһģȴ벻ϿȻһ¾ͲԼİϷ׼ȷ˵Լĵ뷨
ȻҴˣҲûʲôˡ
ַѾ׼˽ϿŭĻ
СһΪϺͿһ㲻ͣԸֽǶȴ̽ѧԺϢô֪뷨
Ͽ̾˿ϵıƺЩįҲ֪һ֪һᾭҹ͵͵ȥЩľͷ壬㲻ҪȣһҶңղŵʱҲܿʵѾˡҪȥѧԺѧϰ似ȥɣҲֹ㡣
ҡ
ַıǹŹ֣𾪣ôҲ벻ԭƢ𱬡ִϿһΣȻôңȥƽȣ˿û˼
һ˲䣬ַҲ֪ôˣԭ׼һȰĻں֮ˡ
ˣСһҪôңҿɲ̣㵱ľͷʱּᶨ飬Ҿ֪һǵģȻס㣬ֺαǿأ
Ͽ̾˿һöľʵĽָӸַ磺ȥɣһöռָռĴС㾫Ӷӣǵ͸ٱǰɣˣڿԳȥˣҪһ˶ԴһᡭŶˣ˵ϵʱĸ˵һ£һٳɣ
˵䣬Ͽϸֳƣ飬ַ˻֣ͱ۾ڤ״̬
ַ̾˿ſռָ߳Ͽķ䣬ϿΡ͡ķӦһʱ仹ûܻع
վԭغһַٴһѾŵϿķ䣬ԼԴ૵˵һ䣺ϼһﻹҵġ顯ô



ڶʮ Ļ
ڼ䣬һζɿڵķˣƺҲ˽ձ˵ԵЩЦ˵һ䣺ҸоΪʲôҽַ˺ЩԾ
ϿʶĶһ£üͷȴûж˵ʲô
ַȴһͻ硱һеĵһµ˵ϡ
ҵĺӣôˣ
ȼϵĵٳϴһ²ٴεݸַ磬ȻҲַϵĹŹ֣ɵ㡭ѵʲôˣ
ǵĸףһҪ㡣
ַһԼҪ뷨˵һ˼붷ȴ֪ôӺ˵𣬵δ˵Ͽȴ˵棬ַ˵ȥֻǣ˵ݣȴַһ
ģŮʿȥɹʳʱҽӵħһţǹСһȥ顣
Ͽһ˵ļΪ˳ڰǰʱҾ͸ħдһټţʵ˵Сһ츳㿴ֻаĹħ͸һˣСһﾡϵħᣬϯַСһʱҾͶСһ˵һͳСһ̫ˣ㣬ŵ˵ˣ
𣬿ˣֱһĺϢַȥħܵõϯ˵ָ㣬ǶĻᰡ
Եø˷ܣһѱסԭصַ磬ݺݵСһڣַ磬ôõϢΪʲôأ
ǺǣΪҾҪĸ׷ˡ
ַЦĺܲȻϿΪʲôԼѣҲֻ˳ϿĻ˵ȥ
ˣҵĺӣֻʱģţǸϯѧϰħÿҲмɻʱɣʱҪˣٻҾˣ
ȸ˵ַĺ󱳣ɿֶϿ˵ˣǸϢȥϼݲˣӦΪַףһ£ô
Ȼ
ϿЦһЦȸ˵ĺСԶʱЦݡ
ַʱȴ̾һҵʦΪʲôҪأ֮ǰͬҵ뷨ҾѾܸлˡ
СһΪǼ¡Ͽƽַ磺֮԰ѣΪҲ뿴һλĸĵӡ
Ͽ˵һ䣬Ȼٴ𵶲棬еʳͽ
ַĿһϿĬƬ̣֮Ϊص˵ллллҵʦһˣ룬ԺĺܳһʱҵĸףҪˡ
ߣСһԺǵҵĻǾͳʱ
ϿмĺһֽһʳС
ǵȻ
ַ翴Ͽ⸱ӣͻȻĪһů̾һԳ˵һ䣺Ϊʲôûĸء
˵䣬ַԳЦЦҡҡͷеĵ档
ȴûпԼ˵Ǿ仰ʱϿϣȴһ˿˲ײ


ҹ˸ԻصԼķ䣬ַȴڴշתߣ֮󣬵һγԶţͬҲǵһ뿪Լĸס
Ȼʵַһˣȴǵһᵽ˽ĸָ̰оͬʱ뵽콫Ҫķ룬вһ꣡
ַͬоĻȣҲշתߣ뵽ԼĺӽҪԼ룬о̲סһѹ뵽ַڽħϯѧϰȴһԺֻǣȴֻ֪ϿΣ֯ɵһõ԰ˡ


ٴ̽ͷ峿зʱϿѾǸħַķǰ
ˡ
Сһóˡ
ַصƤоԴģ֪Լʲôʱ˯ŵģƺһجΣμԼصǰϿֱӣʹԼ۾
ַϴˢ߳ȥʱϿѾȲվһŵ΢Ц
һ磬Ͽһ׸ɾİħۣ°ϵĺҲļΪ࣬Ǳģʱһɨա
˿̣˫ֳԼħϣЦӭԼߵȣҲһ·ֻ˫ɺ۾ȴλĸ׾һҹʧߡ
ˣСһӦȥϵħֲħȼȻȡµнˮһʳˮͿ·ˡ
ϿԵüΪ߶ȥϵ·ͲҸˣҾǴģŶˣȥ۶·̴Ҫʮʱ䣬ʳˮһҪ׼㣬һ·ϣûʲôط㲹ʳˮġ
ллҵʦˡ
ַһԼ·ߵȵǰĸףҪˡ
΢ЦӸȥɣгɵʱǧҪʦ
һᡣ
ٴһȺϿַ̧֮ԼĽŲϵķȥһͷΪԼһͷȺϿ΢ЦԼľݵʱ򣬻̲סȥѧԺ뷨
ַ罥ԶȥССӰȵ˫֮Уй̵ˮ
Ͽʲôأ̾һ૵ӲˣٴǶǹزסİ


ڶ Ծ


һ ɽկ
ַܿͰԼõ״̬ʮһһСӣСϵħֲ˵ʱ򣬸𿼺˵ħѧͽȵĲ°͡
ͷСƨ֤ħʦѵħʦѾսʿһ𣿡
ħѧͽԭ
λѾףȥϿ͵ħѧͽɧַֻƲƲ죬ûʲô
ˣСһħȼɣˣһ¾ҵϷҲֻһħķֲ
ħѧͽһ·ϵɧַ˲ħȼĵط
ǰһƬ˶Ŀյأյ֮ϣһ޴͸Բֱ˵ϣַǰĲԶϿһСţħѧͽָָǸСţŶַ˵ˣСһȥɣ
ǣҸЩʲôأ
ַ翴յһ鳡أɵʣͬʱлһ䣺ѵҽȥһվħȼͳ
ħѧͽȻ߶ȴûԵòͷСһȥֻܷ֮ĹӾУħʾСħ֡ǵΰƷֻʹ̵ľƴĹħ־Ϳˣİɣܾܳżħʦ΢ͽ乥Ŷ㲻Ҫôңѵʥħʦ𣿹ֻȥ۶ħ֤ܲˡ
˺ˣҶˡ
ַħѧͽƺҪ˵ȥϽȻߵħ֮УأԻһ䣺ģʶˣϼһ˵ĸǻǼį
ħֵģַٴοħѧͽһۣ˫۶ԼһܷĹƣŲһ
Ŀǰľ൱ļħʦˮƽħĿȴֻҲ˵ַȻͷļħȴƿزסļħǿȣԣһΣַֻʹһħͿˡ
Ͽ˵һħʦÿµнˮң൱ʮҵˣ㹻Լɹʳˮһϸ۶ѧԺѧѣӦҲõġ
һַʹһϵħﵥ幥ǿġ𱬡ԼħȼĬ֮£һСɫ𱬾ͳǰԶĵط
ħħѧͽȻϵħСƨȻͷųһĻϵħɵõɴ˫ۡ
ԭΪһСƨҲ֤һħʦȼģϾ۹нˮðײãǣôҲ벻ͲСƨȻһĻϵħʦ
찡Сƨжʮ껹ʮꣿ
;Ȼʹﵽϵħʦˮ׼⡢ֱеŰɣ
λʥˣҲ˰ɣ
һ˲䣬ħѧͽСһ֮󣬾ϱħܲһλδΪʥħʦ˿ħȼϯһˣôҲʹ͵Լʲôɣ˵뿪ʺĹطȥ۶ֵħܲأ
뵽ħѧͽоͰ¾ԼӦöСһ̬Ⱥһ㣡
ħеַȴͲ֪ͷ￼ǵ飬ڵȫ˼Լǰħϡ
ҪᣬССħȻѵַ磬ַȴͷ𱬵ʱͻȻһ
һ굱УϿϸµоַ֣ϵĵҲӦħһֻ֣ǲ֪Ϊʲôֵħȴǵһη֣˼֮ͨ£ϿֻһĲͣġɧšַ磬ַٺãϿɧʱ䳤ˣҲᷳɴϿǿģǣ̨ɹġ׷
ַһģϿ߶ġҲħһ֡
룬Լǽڵĵͬʱħ֮УЧأ
һַžͽڵĵǰСڲ˲ʱַһָһӣŵ𱬾ͳħ˹ȥ
䣡
СһӴħ֣ͱըӿֵͬʱһâǵħ˹֮ϡ
ħӿźɫĹâǵģһͭƵҶ·š
һжַʵħֲⶨΪϵħʦ
ħѧͽѾһ΢Цִַ󺰣ܸˣ𾴵ħʦȡĻ¡ۻħȰɣ
ַȴûһ㣬վԭĬĬ
ѵԼеĵûһã
ħѧͽַ粻ΪָϽߴһ䣺ħʦɣ

ַħĺ޷Ӧ̾һҡҡͷһһ˳ȥ
û뵽ᣬܵħʦˮ׼ħѧͽкַ硣
ɾַ߳ħֵһ̣ԭȱеǸطͻȻꡱһ˿˿绨
ף
ħѧͽȻЩɻĻعͷȥַҲһͬʶ˹ȥ
ꡪأ
˻ͷһɲԭ𱬱ըĵطٴγɵ绨ţųܾܳżħʦ΢ͽħ֣ôͻأģһըһȱ
ϵȱڣħѧͽȵĺϲ͡
ĿתƵַʱַȴ޹ʼ磺ҵ£ħֲɽկɣ


ڶ һ
Ȼħѧͽַ֪еġɽկǸʲô˼ǣǰܾܳżħʦ΢ͽħȴʵʵڵĻˣ
ħѧͽֱԼ۾
Ŷ죡ܳ΢ͽĹôᡢôᱻһССħͱһ
ħѧͽѾ֪ôԼˣʶģϸһ˿Цı顭
ַ翴šЦħѧͽС̽һ䣺ѵǻϻ
һΣħѧͽڻعǳ˳飬Ҳַ磬תһȥһߣһߴ⵽ôģһҪ㱨ϯ
ħѧͽԼתߣַɲˣι˵װϼһǲѾͨħˣȡµнˮˣ
ַŲħǲΪԼĵŻƻģֻԼнˮϾҪȥ۶أ
ħѧͽַʱֹסԼĽŲղľ֮£ַгΪʥħʦǱСһĴڣַ츳ٺãҲֻһħʦħֵ飬Ͳַ¡
λ츳Сһħѧͽû˼ȥġ
ħϯ㱨飬Ͼʱһš
ǣħѧͽתַǸǿЦЦǱǸղͻȻһʱͷԣȥ
ħѧͽĴ֮£ַһ˲ֿַõһɫӣһöͭҶºһǶŻ챦ʯħʦħȡ
ַ֮ǼһԼݣȡ°ңÿһٸңǧŻһɽңнˮ󣬲ħѧͽĿ֮£ת߳ϵħֲ
һ߳ţַ㽫ħӡħ֮һЩͳͳӽϿ͸Լöռָ֮У֣гķȥ
Ҳַȥ֮ħֲħѧͽѾдһţֲͨڵħ󣬴˵۶ħܲ
ִħֻҶҪҲΪϸҪһˣǸǲܵ顣
飬ħѧͽվħԲס߶ţϯдǷţȻǹħ飬УַϣַǼ֮ͷ֣Сһֻʮһ꣬ȴʵһħʦʵһ㱨ϯҲħѧͽ֮١
ħһֲħʦȻѲΣȻֻһ˾ħѧͽ
ַŵϢһϯٶš뷨
ħѧͽڲ󱻵뵽ܲȥ뷨ֻϣƾַܻħֵġʧְǾͿˡ
ܿ죬ħһââȥ֮Ѿһɫţ
ɫŷ⣬ħѧͽʱ
ǴǹϯױżɫĽԣ
ȲĲŷ⣬ħѧͽż֮󣬲Ųһſȥϵıȴֱð
Ϊżȷħϯױʣ˵˻ӵ۶˵Сħ𻵵ԭ򣬲ħѧͽҪٻ֤ݡȻ󣬲űˮʯʱپħѧͽ鴦֡
鴦ֻ֣ħѧͽ֪ﰵʾ˼ǲ׷ԣʱħѧͽһ
ǽϯбһҪ跨סַСһԭжһϯħֵַйأϾ粻ƫƫַħȼʱͻˣңĵطַ𱬱ըĵط
ڶȻǹϯϧ˲ˣȻħʦڹϯвʲôǣֻʮһܴﵽħʦħʦʷϣȴǼΪټģ
ԭ򣬹ϯŻħѧͽһҪ跨ַ磡
ǣַڸղõʱѾ뿪ֲˡ
깤ϯżħѧͽһĺߣ
һԼħȾתܳ⣬ŴͶĿ⣬ħѧͽݺݵһ䣺
ϷֲķţֱӡɱȺס·˻·ߵСַ̯Ϣ
һ֣ħѧͽһֱгϵʳʳħѧͽг̻֮С
ҵ̻ĸ᳤ַģ֮лʾ᳤ҪҵˣħϯҪˣ
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᳤ȴǸЦЦЩ˼ǺܱǸҪҵѾڲ֮ǰһ뿪طڶԹ˿˽ıܣǲûѯʹ˿Ŀĵصϰߡһ


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ԼסѧԺƾԼġַʽڤ롱ò˼ܴﵽ߼սʿ߼ħʦˮ׼һͻƵսʿʹħʦľ磡
ٺ١պܶYYС˵ڣǲǵǸʱΪǵԼͿҸʵʱ䣬й©һ֮Ȼ󣬾ܵõŮӵǣǡأ
Ȼַĳֻʮһ꣬ǣʵʵ䣬±֮ȶҪϼ꣡
οַҲһˣȻǶŮ޵Ŀˡ
ȻҲֻվڡ͡ĽǶȶѣɲϣԼһֻ
һֱǵãԼǰһҲһϰGӵڡ۹ô˵ҲѬյĺܸˡ
ǣһЦݣַ˳Ĵ촽޵ĳϣ̲סӹһǰڿ첥ϿһЩٶ˵Ļ桭


ʮĳ;Ȼܼٵеĺ֮УַȴǸоԼֱɢ˼ˣ
ҵǻǰֵͣĴͳˣ
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ǣոʻҰ⣬ַ໺ͣǣԶ˸θ׼Ұζԣ
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ǣĽҰ⣬ʲôأ֮УԼɶǳűĸɹİ
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ˣͿٳȥַεЦЦڼ棬ߵǰʱѾ֮С
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ѧԺţһ죬һڣʾšѪӲԹ涨͸Ժ￴ȥһĽ򣬷Ƶǽ͸¶µĺۼ۶ıѧԺɢһɹž봫ͳĹơ
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һǰţһߴߴٵˣɡ
ַȴͷߣаѾģ˼仰Ӧûеڶ˼ɣ


ڰ ߺ
ַߵԺԱСǰʱ򣬰Ѿѷе˸˳гĿ࣬һӣԵüΪ
ûڽݾַָָ磬ȿڵװֿ壬ҪѧԺȻǼһ°ɡ
˵䣬ָָ󺺣һһģ˰Ұһ°ɡ
С㣬û⡣
ֿӦһ䣬תͷСӵķ򳶿ɤţϰأˣ㣡
֨¡
һᣬӦ򿪣˻δ߳ţµ㴫˳ʲô
ǣһ߳ţ㿴˰ݣһ£ŸϽǰС㣬ʲôԸ
װİزҰȥɡ
ݿǰȥЩƵˣָָ󺺣̬ȴԵúǹ
ס
ϰӦһĿŵϣСǣҽȥɣʵ㣬ΪҵƢ̫á
˵֪꣬⻹⣬ϰһ㸡һɴɫĹââֻһְȥ
һ顣
ϰϵİ׹Ȼһţȴǲ׽ˣ˿ַ̣Ѿӿ
ǼĿͷȻһŰ˼ʵĴսʿ
ӰԶȥϰغ󺺣ַеһѹٵԼϵͬʱһ˿ڴⱣѧԺǲԻԼѧԺʲôˮ׼أ
ɣСһǼĸϢ
ֿ˴СóһƤֽһֻëӸַ磬ַӹɨһۣܿͰƤֽϵбϢ꣬Ҫݸֿ˵ʱһԵİȴһ˹ȥ
ҿַ硤ϵһֵ֡
ɨַϣһתֿˣֿ壬һжˣɲҪ˸ҪѧѣַһǮˡ
˵䣬ַ練ӦݾתѧԺȥֻһ仰˹ʱһæһӣֿпվȥҸ״ͨһɡ
ˣСһˣҲò˵Ĳ
ֿ˴ӻһԿַǰ˻ΣֻҪ㽻ѧѣѷԿ׾ˡ
ʲô䣿ַƺûлعⲻѧԺԿװɣ
ȷѧԺԿסֿ˽͵ѾѧԺ¼ȡˡ
ַɴ۾ŵָԼıӣ𾴵ֿ˵ѾѧԺ¼ȡˣ
ַôȣϿϢѧԺżΪϸĿϵͳÿѧԱʽУ֮ǰرϸĿˣﲻ׼ıһɾգʽΪѧԺѧԱ֮ǰǲֵѧԺģסùҲãֻؤһ¶޽ͷҲգѧԺǲģ
ǵģѾ¼ȡˡ
ֿ˰ַһۣҪôңѧѽϣԿҵ֮ǰˡ
ѧǶ٣
ָֿ˵һ䣺ʮҡ
ʮңǮɣַɴ۾֪ѧԺһѧҲֻʮҡ
ǵģ˵Ĳ
ֿ˴˸ǷƺЩ⣺СһҪ˷ҵʱˣС˵ǮˣڰʾҪҪǮôң㽻ЩѧѶһӲٵתСУС˼ҿһͭ嶼òġ
ҲûôǮ
ַʵ˵Լʵ
ֿȻţЦˣС˵ǮˣôûǮأ
ðɣҵ˼ϵĽҲˡ
ַ簴½Ҫŭһż˵ȥʵѺô
ðɣֻҪʮǾûʲô⣬󻹻ᵽ˰Сֿ˵Щͷˡ
ֿͬ⣬ַǿŭӿռָȡǸħȣݵֿ˸ǰֿһħȣֵԶԶʮң͵ҵѧѰɡ
һλħʦ
ֿ˲ɵӣóħȵˣħʦʱҲ벻ˣһħȵļֵħıʯҲ̸ֻĺľѾԶԶʮ۸ˣ
ҿɲħʦ
ַҡҡͷԼħʦݣħģȻǺľֻǶĻʯұ֤Ʒ
ʲôղ𣿡
ֿЩ㲻ַ뷨ˣַۣܿҲʹַħʦ뷨ϾܳΪһħʦ˭սʿأ
ħȻ󣬵ϣҲ򵽣
ҴûаղƷ
ַҡҡͷħӸֿˣôҿҵԿô
ȻԣܷңȻղأħȵĿʲôأ
ֿ˽ӹħȣԿ׷ַУȻֻǸе棬ûд˽ͼ
ҵȻֿĺģ֮ǰǷܽеһɻأַһüͷ
ֿʶʵʲôɻ󣿡
еİС㣬ʲôˣΪʲôһ仰ȥΪϸĿˣֱӳΪһʽѧԱأ
ַɻ󣡺ų۹ΪϸıѧԺȻһŮһ仰УͿֱӺԵ
ʲôݣΪλʸ
ŶҺˣǱǸСȷ˵ݣȻҲǱѧԺһԱˣǸҲ޷ˡ
ֿһ൱صӣСĸǱѧԺԺˡ
ѧԺԺŮȥ
ַһҪѪĳ嶯ȥݵĳ಻̸ԼαǲǾǴ˵еġǮߺšˣ
ллֿ̹档
ַһ߳ѧԺȥһֿ߱˴𾴵ֿǸħȡһǵջõġ



ھ 
ħȣһħʦı־ÿͬȼħʦڽħ֮󣬶ħʦĵȼõ֮ʵƥħȡ
һϺõħȣԶħַܶ࣬ǸħʦĻħȣһħٷ֮ϿǸٷ֮ˡ
ħɶСʺħʦ壬ľԺܺõĴħʦħͷħвʧϵıʯħĸԴ
˵ľֻһݵãħģǶ˵ǿűʯ
ħıʯƷ۸֮߰ľֵǮַ罫ԼħȽֿˣѾԶԶֿʮҵļλ
˵ַһǿνǿַ֮ȴںЩ
ʧȥħȶ˵ʲôʹûħȣַҲͬͷħֻͷųħ͵òˣңⱣѧԺУַҲ׼й©ԼħʦݣϾһħʦսʿѧԺǴ˳ȥ»ħоվһǶȣַ綼ǲй©ħʦݵġ
ħȽֿˣҲַ֮٣Ͼʮҵѧѣɲڵ֧ģ֮УַĵҲһɻ
һеһУǸŮݴԼģ
˹֣ˣԼ
ԼȫƾԼ汾ͨѧԺĿˣҪߺţ߰ѧѣ
Ȼַ粢ںǮƣȴǲˬ
ɫѺڣַֻʱԼĶԿдıţԼڵ֮С
òҵԼķ䣬򿪷ţַǺһԡ
ǼⷿӾмûסˣ
Թһַס˱ӹϷţͷųһŻ򣬲Ź۲ǰľ
Ŵһ¹񣬾ַ򵥵ļ飬вĵ˵ͷ
Ȼе࣬ϻ룬ӡ֮ĶһӦȫͭϴˢõͭ裬İڷеһֻͬһĻҳ
Ŀ˺һַٶЩʧΪǰһĻ龰ѾĵһμΪ˸еļ䡪һĴѧʱ⡣
ֻȻʱַֻһˣ¹ЩѧԱͨѧԺˣŻס˰ɣ
˻ʲôأַһ˿ڴ
ȼϵһյ͵ƣַȴָ̾һҪ֪ѾǷҹͲҪ͵ƣֻҪһƷԴʯͿˣԴʯСЯ㣬־öҺ͡
͵ƣϣ˲֪ˣ
ѧԺʹֹʱ͵ƣȻһˡͳֵĸ
ַĵײ̾һͳǶԣǴأ
򵥵ʰһ·䣬ַ㲻ٿЩ߰飬һ򵥵ĴɨһһŴϵĻҳȻȥͽˡַʽڤ롱״̬
ַʽڤ벻ͬڴͳڤ룬Ҫֻ̬Ҫڤ·տеĵӣǾͿˣԣƶַ˵ûκô
ʮĸ·ַڵȫĵͶ뵽ڤ֮УʱڰȵĴϣܿͽڤ״̬
һҹ޻
ڶһ磬ַ۾򵥵ϴˢ󣬱׼ţȥҰݣййһӵĻȻй𡭡ַûôصĿζңҲ̫Сˡ
ַ֮߳ȴɵۣȻĿȥѰҰݣǡȥѰء
ꡪ
һŵԱߵķ䴫ַʶתȥͿһȥԼСкԱߵ˳
Скӵһͷɫľϵ·Ϊ󣬰Сϵһ˫۾ַʱһ㶣ֻһ˲䣬ͷӦ˹
ˣãܸڿѧ֮ǰ㡣
Ск¶ѺõЦݣַһڣǵ۶˲ĳӡ
壿
ϻķԼ׼ĹڣַһŹ֡
ʵ˵Ϊ⣬ַԹ岢ûжٺøУѧ֮ǰĸַ֣ǰİ϶ҲԼһǡǮߺšˡ
֪һЩĳӶںСʱõ࣬ڳӵм̳оλȨ֮ǰѧĳѧԺǸȥһսʿֻҪϼ꣬ڼ֮£ȵҵ֮õѧǾͿˡ
٣Ҳһ
ҲͻΪԽС
۹ıѧԺȻǹǵ֮ѡ
ǰаĲӣַ翴Ȼһ࣬һĹ壬ַٶģӵгַ磬ȻὫеıı¶ϣԼʾãַҲ¶ЦݣӲ򰢶һڣҲܸ˼㣬ҽַ硣
ַӲȻ¶˹Źֵɫһ£ڿڣˡðѵ㲢һ𣿡
ҵȷǹ塣
ַȻ仰еıȴŨˣҲ֪ǲмƽύģǾãʧԼݣ
ȻַһĸףȴûаԼ忴׵İȻβסеĲмŻʧ̬˵ѯַǲǹĻ
ǣַϣַ׿˵ǹ֮һ˫ɻĴ۾ȴһ¾͸һŨŨĻȣЩƲסĵļǰ˷ܵȻǹ壬ڿѧ֮ǰסᣬһͨѧԺġʽ顯Żǰסɣ
дһ걾Ʒ˲װҿСôŬķϣЩƱƱİɡ


ʮ Լسģ
ʽ飿ʲô
еĻȣַСԼˣ׼壬һȴ˵ҿԽ㰢𣿡
Ȼԣҵҡ
·϶ַͨʽ飬۵ǳݵ飬ΪַĸҵĺӣȻַ紩һ£ҲкܶΪԼĺӶһЩѣҲΪԼĺӻϲ£һصĵطȻɹѧԺȻòĵط
飬ַʱͣͬ⣬ʵô֪ԺŮסʲôط𣿡

⣬һ㶣ַҲЩŹ֣֪֪סǡ
֪ˣڣ鷳Ҵ·ɡ
Ȱ˵껰ַ粻߶ʮһ𰢶ֱקȥ

ѧԺ·ϣַ翪ʼ򰢶̽ݵ飬ĳܼ򵥣ȻҪҰˣȻҪ˽һ¶Էˡ
ڰַǡġˣ뵽ǿͨ˲̫һҲȻ漴һһַ罻ŰݵһЩ
ɢɢַ԰ݵӡҲһһ
ӰĿе֪ΪѧԺԺŮûм̳б޼ĿգļΪª׵ĲûŮªòΪ谮һЩΪҪԺҲһһӦ鷢ڹȦҲʵΪһ羰ߡ
ԣ󲿷ֹҲԱ޼ΪȤ˽ⲻ١
ݵΪȴҲȦ࣬ӲСһһЩǷѧϰҲŪһЩݲݣμӸ᳡ϣֻһȤǾ似
ڲͬһ㣬ڹǵҲı֡˭Ըһ˹ֽأ
ԺŮΪڹǿҲһĲˣû˶һ֣Ҳû˻ȥעһ˹֡
ǣݴС˳Ľ˱ѧԺѧԺʦϲǣªİݳֵļ̳Ժ˵츳СС;ͻƵļսʿľ磬սʿʷϣҲѾǼΪˣԺڰͻƵļսʿ֮󣬱ͶӷˣֻҪǰҪ붼룬ͬ⡣
ڴ忴Ժ˶ڰСĳ谮ѾԶԶĶӡ
һһĽԼ֪ޱĶַ˵ţַȻһ
Ժ˵Ķӡһϵħʦɣ
ǵһǰǼ飬ǸķϵħʦĿ֮ٵнӽʮ˰ɣңħ弶ʵ츳ѣҲҪڶʮϣɡȴ˵ССͱʹﵽļսʿˮ׼񡭡Լ󺺳ֵʱ϶ɫҲ͸ͻƵļɣ
뵽ַеʣݺͻļսʿûðɣ
԰ֻһµʱ䡭ĵ˵ͷЩͻȻַһĴָٺ٣˽⡣
ꣿ
ַ粢ûⰢĺһ䣬ǸһеǸš
ʮꡣ
ʼ磺ʵʵ䣬Ҳţ֮ǰʱҼ˰СһΣϿ治ֻʮ䰡
ʮꣿ졭
ַһѰݵסֻǰ͹̵İģҲжʮ˰ɣֻʮ꣬ǲǷ̫ˣ
ѵǴСԼسģ
ַֻ뵽һֿԣֶûеˡ
뵽ַһ̾ûųªҲ˰ɣֻǣ컹ǹƽһ˵ĺһŵʵȴһųĲٳ
£һҲѼ޳ȥɣšһؿζˡ
ַһ㡣
Ʋȥݳĺͳªò̸ֻʮͱܴﵽļսʿˮ׼ȷǹŵˡҲֲԺ˻ô谮ˡ
ǣݵȷһǰǣԼֵĻ
뵽ַҵһƽ㣬¶˸ĪЦݡ
Ȼ뵽ַῼô࣬ǰȥͨʽСƽȻҲһˣ
ȴҲɻѵŶôһӵͺòİģȴһªòһͨʽ飬ȴζذ
ַϸ𡰹족Цһ£һ񺮡
ʵʵĵһȽʺҰ
ɵõһ䡣


ʮһ ˣ
ѧԺȻڷżڼ䣬ѧԺȴڰĴ֮£ַܿ˰ݾס
ȻҲѧԱһ𣬵ǣΪԺŮȻиеȨ԰ռһ䵥䡣
Ȩ˿ȴΪòªû˸ҸסһŻ
ַǰΧĻ̾ͰæµѧԺǰһͣԼĶַͰͶȥ˹
ıЩȻˣַļ򣬴յĶߣȥһԵ㡭
˵䣬ַӦ𣬰ܰĸϽַ硰Ʋϵ
ַ粢ںΧЩҲ˿ְĶ㣬ƤѾȳǽһȦˡ
˽㵵ע£ַ硰ˡ˰ݵķš

ǣȴûʲôӦַ粻ɵһüͷ׼ٴξߵ찲ݷŵʱȴһԵİһţЩζС㣬ԭƣأ
ûַתȴȿˣŶԭַСΪ󺺵飬ΪһٷѾ㰮أǺߵĻȰ㻹ǾĵˣǰߵĻǿԸ㣬Ѿˡ
ݻµͬʱЩǰԭصѧԱѾָǵĶֻǣŰݵĳ֣ǶٶĽĿͶַͰݵϣ뿴һˣʲôϵ
һԵİ˵ʱ򣬺ʧ̬͵ЦһҲֻ飬ƺڰݶĲǣûиеһ
ַǿӲҲΧֵĿⶢЩŹ֣ųªİݣһݵ飬ȻǶΧŹֵ۹Ѿֲˡ
һ»ҵ˼ЩεĿһַڿˣ𾴵İС㣬Ŀĳѯһ󺺵飬һ¡
֮ó󺺵飬ַվ췢ĽǶϣϾĽԼٶЩϵȻַ粢飬òҲҪѯһµġ
Ѿˣû뵽˵ĻȻȫʵģѾһǮǻȥƸҽʦˣңںҲ۲顣
һˣһʲôɣҳ˵ǰ棬ǧҪзǷ֮룬ڿû̸˼
Ƿ֮룿죬㻹Ұɡ
Сһˡַ߾ȫĿסϵһ˿Цݣҽ㣬Ϊϵ飬ϵ飬룬ӦøһĽ͡

žŵļžÿ˶ַеġϡĸ֣һԵİѾʧȥ˹ɴ۾СǳıȽ磬Ƕ֪һЩŮ飬ӵйݵİⷽ죬Ǹ벻ַеġϡ
˵仰ַҲʶԼĿ󣬳ǰ˼Ӱ죬ֻǲѡߺš˵ôףԣֻˡϡĸ֣ȴûʶĸȴԵú
ݺûвеһüͷͻȻַ˵ﲻ˵ĵطǽȥ˵ɡ
˾ȵĿ⣬ѾͳԿ״Լķţ˽ȥ
ַпЦѣȻͲŮմһĹϵǰķչѾԶԶƿطΧ֮С
̾һַֻ̧߽˰ݵķ䡣
šˡһһֶָƽֻڶѧԺع֮˽밢ѾҪѾʵĺϲϵ͡
ݵķ֮С
С㣬飬ˡַվſڣںˮİᲱӣȣҲһǮˣûôǮ֧ʮҵĸ߰ѧѣΣҾҲҪͨ뱣ѧԺƾԼʵΪһʽѧԱ
Ŷô˵ǲӦðæˣüеˮĴַۣȷǸʵͨѧԺĿ𣿡
Ȼ
ַɫݴһ䣬۶֮ǰϿ˱ѧԺĿһϰߣǾǡӲԼûаյ顱Ʋȥħʦݲ̸ڵǿȣѾﵽ˶սʿˮ׼
ȻַĻߵַΧȦªϸһЦݣдģֻʮһ꣬ŵĻܴﵽʲôˮ׼ϰսʿֻһһսʿҪ֪ʮһʱѾͿҪӽսʿˮ׼ˣҲ˵ȫͨѧԺĿˣ֪汨μӵ˶Ǽ֮УС䶼Ѿʮˣ㵱ѧԺЩµСѧԺҪ쿴㲻һḡ˵ķϣҲŲ㣡
˵䣬ƺЩΪ𣡡
Ȱݵıַ꣬Եɴݣ밲ִֻݣŲߵţֻǱ˵ġС㣬֪ҵļһ仰ˣ졯룬СǴû˵仰ˡ


ʮ ñ˵ȥ
ԼǸɫݵ꣬һ£ļһŨķŭ
СΪţʮ͸Ǵﵽļսʿˮ׼ⶼǴĿõģǰ֪ôˣȻ˵˵ġ
ŮӴͬΪӦðʱ˷ЩĵĹϣӦóֵʱԼ
ԣԴӶݱԼ׵ָ̤˳Ϊսʿĵ·ͻ츳ӿ̿һǰʱ䣬ͻƵļսʿˮ׼
ڱ˵ľһţֻʮͣ˶
ǣֻԼ֪֮ļսʿʵȫĿ̿Ѳϵÿһκˮÿһ㸶ǵŻõһŵĳƺš
֮԰ַ磬ΪַͬͬһΪַһٷΪʵ֪Щʵڹʹַ࣬ͲСһΪһսʿ˹еԼһʱžģ
ǰֻʮһСӡȻͲԼ飡ϻ¶飡
ֻԼķζҪըˣ
֪ôСһʹĽѵ
ãã
ݼҧ˵Ȼ˵ˣ졯ҵһˣ
˵ݴֿ˸ǸħȣݺݵӵַߵĴϣҾսǸħȣֻҪܴӮңҲħȻ㣬Ḷ൱ħȵʮǮģǲöģ
ȻߣҲûԼӵļսʿʵԼֻҪѵѵСǾ͹ˣԼʹ϶ǾԵ̫۸ˣ
һΪ
ַӴվɴݣ㣬Ҿ͵ڸĽֺ
˵䣬Ȱ˵ַߵǰ˷žһ˳ȥ
󣬰ݷŭ͸Ŵ˳һΪͨ˵ѧԱԺӣϣѧԺѵϲɢߺߡʱҪˣɱ˵ҽֺĻ
ַվסŲȻתһָ죺ӶԹģ
Թģ
ͬݵ
˵صΧĻЩŻ˽ѧԱǣٶȰ
죬ȥһ˾ôˣ
Сַǰߵ˵ţǸղŵĹϵܺðôֻһĹ򣬾ͱˣС㲻ս˰ɣǽֺǿֻжԼĸײŻеڰ㡢㲻Ƿ˰ɣ
սǸպ෴ַɣУû衭
û軹ս
ıЩӲļսʿ죬ͨʽôһļսʿĶ֣ʹöҲغ֮¾Ͱſ£
Ǿưɣ
ַ粢˷ʱ䣬˵䣬ӿԼĽŲ
ֻ°һվԭ

Ҫ˵ʲô죿
ͨħżҲصߡš
ƺÿ綼ַ뿪᲻֮ѧԺһ¾ը˹ַ밲ʼʱн̸ת䵽սһһ¾ѧԺﴫ˿
ȻѧԺĿǰѧԱǺܶ࣬ÿȴߡ
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һӿڣĽֺʲôҵñҪöˣ
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ϰصȴû¶ЦݣûͷûԵ˵һ䣺ǸСһš
ҹڷСڤ롱ַͻȻ
ڤѹַڵɣ֪㡣
찡ַ磬ǳˣӦ߽У˵С鵽ڣѧԺѾ÷зˣ
ַ緭Ӵ𣺡ҵļ磬һ仰Լ·ñ˵ȥɡΪбҪҪúһ£ô˵ңҴں
ðɣʱ㲻ȥȻ˯ϣҾе棬ʲôӮһļսʿ˫֮вһɻȡ
Ӯ
ַ˰һۣһͷ˴ϣһ£ֱð°ͣӮһļսʿ붼롭


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ǡ㻹СʲôԼ
𾪣Ȼ֪Ķ֣Լʲôѵ㲻ץʱŬ𣿡
̫ˡ
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˵ַϢһڣ˵ЩͻⲻˣҪ֪ܶ飬㿴ûκϣҲһҪȥ󣬾Ͳ½ۣΪܶмǴźܶģ
һ£еĻȽƽĿַ磬ĵ˵ͷðɣַ磬Ǹѧİ׺ͷȻĲǺף㡭˵ĻšУҿɲϣǰСֺһĻԣһҪŬ
һġ
ַ˵ͷӴվˣлл˵ô໰һסģҲʧţڡҪϢˡ
ðɣ֪ˣġ
ߵ֮ǰͻȻ뵽ʲôֻعַ磺ҺڴͨʽŶսļսʿСǸ龰Щļһǵͣ
ַظһƽ΢Ц
Ҳ˵ͳȥŴһַֻصİ

ַ糤̾һһƨ˴ϣĬ
ܰôַԼҲ֪
ϾݿһļսʿȻʹöԸԼԼҪӮϣҲǺܴ
ַ粢ڽܰս飬ǵãԼСзµǸԣԴһ;һҪԼ뷨ȥ
ܰݵսڱ˵ԵԲǣֻԼԿĵһ
ֻмᶨƵһδ·ŻԶԼһôʲôڽﰴԼ뷨ȥʲôʸȥһһĸֻعǸıЩƶأ
¿ͷѰ
ַĬĬİοԼһ䣬ʹҡҡͷڴϣٶȽڤ״̬

ڶһ磬㴫˵ַڤѹüͷһ壬ǳŷ⺰ɡ
һϵڤ룬ַоΪ棬ǡûѹûжһļսʿľ޴ѹ֮£һϵĹַյĵӾȻԭÿյҪһ룬һһǿĸоַеѹҲȥ˲١
ˣַ磬ҪȥĶ
һ˽̶ָָϵһðţ̺һ¶˵ЦݣҵѣһҾȥһţ̺һһûԹͰɣ
ǰлл㣬
ַ¶ϵЦݣŰ߽żţ̵ַĶҲ๾Ľæǰӹе̣Ͻæк£û뵽ȻΪ͡
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ʲô
ˬʵЦţԼظӮС㣬ÿ춼ԸҲʲô
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ַʹİļ򣺡;˰ɣֻһƽҿɲͷһλүÿ춼͡
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ڰЦַҲûзϡ
ַĻȴɫһ䣬Ұ˵Ļһ
˵ţ׼̧֣صģɣһӷ⴫ʱĻгĻ档
ˣʲôŶϣȻ׳ջһѵ㲻֪ٹʱ䣬׳վҪǸ˹ֵĽֺ𣿹


ʮ ɵƸ
ַ粻һüͷ⿴˹ȥ
֪ʲôʱ򣬷ѾȻ˴򿪣ڷеλãһȥʮĽԼͰ¶˱ĵЦݡ
ͷһ˿װǹݣַͶĿ⣬ȴһЦַָΧûһȻڿң
Ļ£ΧʱһЦȻڷ֮⣬ֻһˡ
˵䣬ְĿͶַ磬ɫһ䣬д˲м׳յƽջǰ񣡡
׼һ㣬ǰе۹ļ̳˰Ҫֻ֪һûм̳оλʸĴӣ
ʶջԼƣķݣ
ߣҪĳѹңڸһûκξλ
׼Ҷ̣¶˷ŭ飺ûг֮ǰһжűʱм̳ȨҾǺֻһ

ַһ֪۶ĿǰֻһǾǸԼĸʹһĸĻ쵰
ѵǰ׼ļһǸԼһգǿɭĶӣ
Ҳ̫˰ɣ
뵽ַ粻ɫߵǰѯһ䣺׼ļһ˭
ػ׼ȴַѹסеķŭַ͵ǿɭĴӣֻʮ꣬ȴѾӵ˶սʿʵȺĳӱҪڵĶ࣬ȻҲԸţҲòϣȻֻǺĴӣǺϣڽ̳оλġ
ŶԼһȻôɺϵԼĸˣԼ磬һ׼ӵܰ
ַ粻ɫĵ˵ͷİļ򣺡ôĸ׿ĹϵҲǺܺðɣ
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Ȼַ˼ʵ˵˳
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ʶѯһ䡣
ѵһɵơ
ַһ䣬ܰöѾԽλãſ˹ȥ
׼ûзһַ糯ϵĲмŨˣô׳գҪ˵𣿲ҿûôʱ㡣
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ֻ׼֮⣬ΧȥͬŻ꣬׼ԼһĴֲĺˣϽŵΧȥ
ҪΪһ۹ҪòʹֻһλƽҲкϷĹݣҲūԣô룬Ӧñֳһ˿ء
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ôַüбͻ֣
쵰ſңǶ֣
׼ѿ˵ĲŭһȭַƽҪ㳢ŭ𣡡
ͷ
ַ׼һȭһٴγ׼ȥ
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ļһ
׼һٴλȭַȻȡһεĽѵäĿĻȭַ磬ǻȭͬʱһףһֻѾַɨ˹ȥ
ַĵڶ֮׼ҲַսɶôķḻܴһԭΪ׼ŭͷµäĿٶһΣ׼Ȼе׺ݸʢ˷ִ硣
׼ĽַɨȣһѾץס׼ȭͷ൱ڶսʿץסͬǶսʿ׼ȭͷҲʲô¡
ǣַץס׼һȭͷоһߵϴһɾ磬ʶĺһ£׼һֻȭͷʱ˸ա

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һ׶һǳɣȻܹ似ѵ
ʵҲˣڱѧԺѧһ似׼ŵΪַͶ㲻һȣ
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⻹ûַ꣬˫ٴʹĽ׼һȥͬʱŵ׷׷ٴ׼ȷ׼ϣ
ž
Ŷ׼Ѿַ˳ȥ
ַź˿ص׼ˣ㻹Ǹɵƣ˼ɵƣ似Ҳôɵƣ滳ɣǲӵжսʿʵ˵սʿĳƺţΪĸף۹ĺŻõأ


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㡢쵰ļһ
׼ӵַָݺݵ䣬ȻԵЩǱûܵʲôʵԵ˺˿ַƽĵױŭ
ʵϣַ˵׼ûжսʿʵ֮жսʿĳƺţȫΪĸסǵ۹аСС͵ͨѧԺĿˣѾһأ
ʵʵҲѾﵽһսʿˮ׼֮Ϊп˰˽繺ͣĵʹ֮£˽ѧԱסĵط
ȴ벻ǸЦİȻһƽͣңǸƽ񣬻ԼпǸС㷢ìܵİ׳գ
ܽȥһƽأ
ңַֻһͷԷİ׳գ
һֻʮһСһȻսӵļսʿʵİС㣿ַûӮݵʤ㣡Ʋݳªò̸׼Ƕ԰ݵʵ
˵ڴ˿ַǰݵĽֺѾˣ
Ϊˣ׼ŻᳰЦͬʱַ磬ȴôҲ벻Ǹ׳յƽ񣬾Ȼеʵ
׼Ȱ㻹ǿ߰ɣ㸸׶ˣ
ڴӶݵлعΪͨʽ顯ַĶ㲻뱻ͷĻ͸ϽλӾү뿪طɣ
ŵսҲֻǼʱ䣬Ͳô̵ʱӦ˿̼׼ûܵʲô˺ŸϽȰߣȻϲ׼һһͷҲͰˣҪִˣԼ׵ĶУǿɾͲ̫ˣϾҲ֪׼ΪԼŻַġ
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׼ݺݵĵַһۣȴȥ˼ͻȻٴζݺݵĵַ磬׼Ǽסˣб͵šҸǲŹġ
ôѵ⸱Уװ۸һЩʵˣ㱻۸˾Ͱ㸸вˣ
ַͻȻǰ˿ϵҪ۸ˣ͵۸˵ʱ㲻һźȨƲİ׳նѣƾղӣѧԺһܴ
׼ͣ˽ŲǺ죬ֻоޱȷŭȴһ仰˵
ɵϣҲǶôİ׳գֻΪ·ͻȻûó׼ҲԶԶ벻һƽ񣬾ȻĶԼ֣
׼ȻúԼ̳оλ˼ȻҲôһǸģȻͲ󣬵֪ԼĿǰʵַĶ֣ǣһΣûڽǶݺݵĶַ磬λͬĸ£һһŲŲӡ
ȵ˳ַ߷ΧתȥԶˡ
ַ磬鷳ˡ
׼ǱܵıӰɵЩЦã׼гرҲһΪҸ׵Ҳһֻ۱һֻۣͲͬˣֻһƽ񡣡
ĵҲ޵ǲ֮ӣĸεĽǶƽ׼һЩСĦҲע⣬ҲΪһӾԳȥԸһĳӣϾҲ۵İ׳飡
ǣַͲͬˣڰַֻһƽ񣬻е㱾£ںﻹ㲻ʲôһƽȻһôľٶΪһ壬ԼӵϷ
ǣַĿ֮УͰһȻһֱַ磬һλ壬ȨƶʢĺѾʼΪַеϧˡ
ַȴû϶˵ɫЩǶ԰ͶȥһǸ΢ЦǱǸǣ㣬ңúõһͣѾǸ׳ƻûһˡ
ַ磬Ҳʲô⣬Ǳһ٣Ͳͬˡ
Ŀַ磺Ҫףһڽ㽫ΣգȰ㻹ǳڸϽʰһ뿪۶ɣһ͵͵ȥ㻹ǲҪѧԺˣ
лл㣬ǲ뿪۶ģҲ뿪ѧԺѵһ밲Сг𣿶ңҸұ֤ҲʲôΣա
ַϸЦݣˣллΪҵģҲллͣһ侲һ¡
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Ȱ˵꣬һŵַѾ⣬ֻ°һվԭؿЦѡ
ûΪַٶеڵֻϧ
۵ϸһ˿ЦԹϵķţֻҡҡͷԻصԼķ֮С


ʮ ִ
ַ˿ȴԴڷﾲĿŷŷ顣
òϣŵȷǹڳ嶯ˣֵԭ򲢲Ϊ׼䳰ȷΪ׼ݣ
۹ӣ
ͬΪĶӣΪԼ˽ӵԵʣֻΪһƽԼĸ׵󱻱ƵľȻȥƹ
ΪϿļʱ֣ԼͲܴùǸ˹Ĵ󺺣
ԼԼĸ׵ˣҲ֪ʲôӡ
һУȫ۹ĺͣ
ǣڵ֪׼ǺӵʱַڿƲסԹޣһ¾ͱ˳
ǵ˴˿̣еŭûƽϢ
ΪʲôΪʲô
ͬǺĶӣ׼ܻһ֮ӸܵȨϣ̳кľλԼȴֻܴСϹܼϣгһ󣬵޼ҿɹ飡
һеһУȫںһ仰ѣ
ֻҪһ仰Լĸһ˵ݣԼҲ䵽ⲽأ
ַд˿̳ޱߵķŭѹ֣Թ粻ͬʱҲǿҵС
ֻҪǸ׼ȥϼ˱ԼȻҹڱѧԺɱԼ٣Լ϶һٵİԼ˵Щʲô
ַ絹׼ܰߺ룬ڵ֪֮󣬿϶Ϊ׼ֻһЦúĶӣһƽ裿
ʱ򣬺ǵ֪˴£ǲŲʾ˽ԼץڿʾײȨأԼǰֵԼأ
ֻҪʼԼԼҲù
ǸʱǲǾͻȤأ
ǣַ֪ŲѶʱ˷ڵһͨƽݵϣӣԼһͨƽǾҪһЩ
밲ݵǳԼԣһܺõĻᣡ
뵽ַڸһɼᶨ

޾ĵѧԺйţд˿̳˶ַϧ
һſ¾Ҫʧˡ
ѧԺ̸ַ밲ݵ飬һ꣬Ըƽ׽ˣ˵ûпƽ뷨ַţΪһ֣뵽һžͽҪʧȥ׵İоԼӦΪַϵʲô
վԭ˼˺ܳһʱ䣬ǰһأԵһ䣺ˣ

ʱ֡
ž޴ѹַ绹ڷſеĵǿԼ壬ͻȻһ󼱴ٵ
ַ磬ַ磬ǰ

ַüͷһ壬ԭΪ׼һҪԼȴ벻ľȻǰ
Լʲô飿
ʣַ粻˷š
ַ磬ߣˣ
ַҲԸⲻԸ⣬ֱץסĸ첲汼ȥ
ʲôˣ
ַ˰ֱۣɵһ䣬Ҳʲô˵
ðɣҾ͸򵥵Ľһ¡
һҸұ֤ϵʱ׼϶㣬ԣøȥһȫĵط
ȫĵطַɻ
д˽ǵģˣ㵽Ǹط֪ˣ
˵ţٴקַĸ첲׼ⱼȥ
ǣַȴٴѿƽ֮дһ˿ɻ󣺡ðɣһ⣬ΪʲôҪң
ַôѯʣϾ׷ǹʣ糿͸ԼǰԼ׼һİԼԼҲֻʶһʱѣ
һʱ䣬Լʲôֵðôģ
ĻشȴַоԼǿǶˡ
ʲôΪʲôôΪʲôֻǲ뿴һžʹʧȥ
ϸһɲͷ㵽׸ߣֻͺã֮һС㿪ʼԣ˵ĻҲܿԺ˵ӣܵõԺ˵ӣܱסСˣֻҪ֮ǰͿˣ
ѧԺԺΪ۹ѧԺӵе۹ϮλȻвûʲôʵȨȴһλʥǿߣʥսʿ
ַ統ȻԼԺӣǿ϶ͲʲôΣգһʥ򹫾ı֮£ԼһʲôˣǾЦˣ
ңܵõԺӣ׼ҲͲԼ鷳ˣ
ϡ
ַһҡҡͷܾ˰ĺ⣺ллĺ⣬Ҳȥ˵ǸȫĵطܣҪõԺ˵ӣҲѡȥ졭


ʮ 
ܲã˵ǳŭ
ַܾĺʱֱȥַˣ
סˣ飬һԼһֱڶԱ˺ãȴһ飡
쵰
ʣݰ˿̵ˡ
Ȱķŭַ˿̵ȴӸӣһ棬ĵĪĽԸ£һ棬ڰζݵеΪϧ
ִ̫˰ɣǺǡ
ַԴڷЦţǣΪһˣΪһηηβأ
ǿĵַʱ˷ڿϣǸһʱѾȴţַ̣̾Ϣһ
Ǽɣ
ֻзŻеһЩɣ
Ǳȴţ̺ȵеִӿռָȡһʳ򵥿˼ַ֮ٴͶ뵽ڤ֮С
ԴСַ׼㹻ˮʳԣ²ţԱڷ֮УҲ
ſеĵӣַ罥ڤ״̬
ҹʱַ֣Ķһʱڤѹʱ򣬶ͻȻһŵ
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ַԼķű򿪣һ䣬ʶ˷̬
͸΢Ĺߣַ翴Լ⣬һΰӰվΰӰûлشԼǳʿԼ˹
֮ϣӿһŨĻɫ

һʱ䣬ַȷ˵ʵ
ɫĶҲһļսʿˣڹߵ⣬ɫĳ̶ַͿַҲ֪ԷͲڵԼӲģ
ַһ֮£˵ĽѾַǰ
ÿٶȣ
ַ𾪵ͬʱϽȥʹˣֱԵ·ϻǱһӣ
Ȼ˲ֻǽѵַһ£ܿҪȡ
ף
˼ַܶԼһʱɻһҲһͣһ㶵ĹַѾ˳ȥ
˼ַܵӰǽȻ׷ַĽŲ˳ȥ
ڣַѾܳԼķΧĵ״˿̷ǳ𾪣ôҲ뵽׼ĸɱԼ
ַϾֻʮһͣܵٿ죬Ҳһ˵ٶȻҪ죬ңԷӵжսʿ
ֻûһĹǸҪɱַ˾Ѿ׷
İɣǲɱģòҪȣĻеĳͻڵһʱ׼ȷĲϡ
Ѿ׷ַǰһΣûżĳȱԼ⡣
ַ翴ǰΰӰŵ¹⣬ܿϵһĵ̣֪϶׼ģȻɱңղŶҳôûһ飿
˵仰ַҲûţͷпԼӣԼһħϾɲϣǰеϡ
ֻһߣûиܵħԪصĲַѯʣҲû˼ҵȷ׼үģ׼үûзԸȡǡ
˵еɫЩŹ֣Ǽ˵ȥҰ˵׼үңһҪˣ
˵ˣ
һ˲䣬ֱַӰ׼ʮ˱ʺ˸飡
ǣַȴûֳκǷʵеô˵Ӧøл׼үĿˣ
ϻ
ĳԼĳңַָ磺ҰԼȻҲϣԼĽմôĵѪԼԸĻֻԶˣ
Ը⣿Ըأ
ӿɲôС;ͳΪһ̫࡭
Ȼַô룬ȴϵ¶˾ֵ飺ԼԼ˵Լ׼үǲǾͻķŹң
Сӣķϻĺܶ࣡
ȻѾԣϻ¶飺ߣһΪʲôӲͷǵүһӻԭֻһӵСһ
˵䣬жʱоǰСһѾܶԼ˿вȻûջԼĳȴѾ˵ϡ
ַÿ׼ʱħɵͬʱСѾ˵еĺ󱳡
ȻиܲħĲ٣ܸоĻȣ
СַĿ֮Ȼеĺȥ֪תѾֻǱľ͵һ㿪
ַȻĻᣬðһ˿թĹâһֵֻ֮УѾһ˿
ڣħƿأѾﵽΪĵʮ׵ķΧˣֻҪ巶Χʮ֮ڣħǵĿƷΧ֮У
ڵĵɱħҪ㣬ҪҲַľ
ǣڵǱһ֮ʣһ˿ȥԵĵѾַͨģŵе˳ȥ


ʮ ҹս

ͨĴ䵽еϣһֻûһ飬һ̼հס
϶֮ʣСѾ˵еϣ
䡪
СһӴе壬Ͳըҹһ˲
Ȼ̸ϺҲ죬ַһĹ򣬿ȥٴĬһħ
֮Բʹõ׵ͨĴݣѾҲ֪ĵͺѶԵ˺
ڷӦֻ֮оһۣȻǻѾԼϱըʲôæĵϵĻ棬оһ㡣
ôҲ벻ǰƲСһȻһλħʦ
쵰
գ۴ӵŨĻɫȫеĳǿϵʹٳԶַȥ
ңһΣȻǳַؿڴȥƱҪһȥַ
ȻѾַ֪ǸħʦȴɱַĺΪȫڽַʱԼĶʬ𼣣ħĲ鵽ϣȻҲ׼ţںϣħҲΪһͼħʦ͸õĺ
һʮһСӣжټʵȻвûпַƵ򣬵ֻ˼ıƤַ֤ħʵͲǿȻҲֻһħԵʡ
ڣֻеŭͿˣ
˵ǳ٣ǿ죬еʿգۼѾַǰʱַֹͣȻ̧ͷͬʱһȥûйСѾӭĳ
ħ𱬣
֮УҲַһɵ
ء
һ̣ӭϽ𱬶ȻըĽͬʱһɳҲֱø첲飬ըĻѾƿĶƤϣҧҧסʹֻܾöɢ𻨣ҲʱмӵĵҲһ˲ͨĴݣ˵еϡ
㵶һļսʿҿŨ̶ȣѾվļ۷壬ĳҲֻͨʳȻǴļý飡
˲䣬ֻоսһۣһ𱬵ıըĶҪͣʶɿͬʱܵһɾ˵ͨųĴݼٳԼλӿȥ
ûоݴӶĵչֳ
ֻ⵽˴һ㣬ʶסȹȥ
ʱַ粻˷ٳŵгȥܵеߣ㽫ԼŹ˫ư˵еϣ

ҲƲסԼʹĺͬʱ϶һ˲䱬ը̧ұۣһ¾ַССϡ
ֱַӴһ˲䣬һ͸СӶȻַϸַĻϵħ
̺ŭȫһССħȻֵܵеĶֻһڲַķħͱеֱ飡
ͬʱеֱٶ˿ַϣ
ء
ַǿ˦˳ȥһߵĵϣʱַֻоеǸλ쳣ʹԼķħȻƵǻ˲ٳȻһʵʵڵַϣǣĹͷȴûжϵ
ңַɳȥͬһʱ̣ٴʹ຿
ΪַķħֻǵһĲ֣һ壬һѾַڵһʱʶѹһ㣡
ȻжͻǸħʱ򣬾Ѿ˲٣ĶǿȻԵѹĵַϵĻһٴδݵϣõвٴʹ຿
ʵϣݵַϵĳѾüСˡ
ַڶսʿ壬Ѿ̶ܴϻ˵еĹԣַ粢ûйۣ౻еĲλЩѪˡ
ǣȴ෴ȻļսʿȴҲûᵽʲôһαϮʱ򣬴һƬհףͲ֪ʲôζڶεͨ𱬴ݵϣоȫʹ𱬵Ѿսֻը˸Ѫģ
ַǰǿĵͨ˫ֱӾ˵еϣȭһ£ȴٴܵ˵ζڣеĻֻоʹѣǧֻͬʱ˺ҧԼһ㣬ͬĸо
Ҳ֪ʱǸϢʱȻַʵҲȴޱȵķŭţƾԼļ۷ʵɱǰֻʮһСӣ
ǿǧеʹмϵĳһΣѧˣȻ֪ʲôȴݵսзֹ֣ŹֵĸоǴӳϴԼġ
ĺܣܸСһսֻ취ͨԶ̵ķʽɱСһ
ǣһͬʱеĳһ˲Ѿй˻ɫ
һ̣Ȼ˦֣ŨɫĳѾƣַ˹ȥ
ַ磬ʱԭأǿűвλʹĳѾɵַǰ
ֱַָԴֻҪַ֮ϣ̾Խɽ


ʮ 2B
ǧһ֮ʣַ粻֪һۿϵĶҪԼţٳһԹȥֻ͡һеĳѾ˵ص֮Уǿĳ£ֱû˵ص֮һ
ַҪһԼԼһ³
ʱһޱȵķŭȻַбը
ǰӰ죬ԭΪԼֱһ̣ᵽƵĸо
Լ̫˰磬ͲԭǸ磡
һ˲䣬ַоǴһйڣǿҵķŭڴ˿
һߣȫһ֮ȻЩҲƲסϵľʹҧԼĳգеҲڸһҡ
ڣƿȨ䵽ҵˡ
ַͻȻڵеĶ
ǿϵʹ̧ͷǰޱĮ꣬ݺݵһڣ˵ߣû뵽СС;ôǿʵˣҪɱʹ㣡
ַûдԼұŲص׵ĳȥղŵеһȭֱұ֮ϣȻûйۣ˿ȴҲ᲻˿
ߵԵһֻڽ֮ϣŤһ³ַ
ϡ
ȫ֮£ַڽûص֮һĳγȴҲûƺԼǱĵ

һĻڵеһЦţҾȻһβС
ķϻ࣬ǲɱģٺ١
ַ粢û⵶еĳЦԶԶĽ׼˵еĿ£㲻Ҫ˵𣿡
㡢ɱҰɣ
ȻǿַĶϲɫ
ַǿұϴʹ࣬Ц𽥳ŵ˹ȥ㲻һСӣ޴ͷԡ
Ϊʲô
Ȼû˿߽Լַ磬ʶͼͷŲӣȴ֣һжֻͽ͡
㣬ڵһܵش֮󣬿϶취ܣѶʵϢȥ׼ڼǶԸİ취
ַһһ˹ȥǾôȥ
ߣ¶˲м飺Ϊһʿܻѣ
ѣٺ٣Ҹ㡭ҵļо仰ӱʮ겻
ַɫ˱ģҿǲѣҲû޴
ϻ˵ɣҰСһ£ȻԹҲûа취
ҧ촽ַͦͦӣҪɱͿ㣬ĥĥģ
˵ˣҲɱġַ¶˹ЦһȰˡ
һֻδڣϷŻһĵһ˿թַˣʶϵĵȴͻȻ˫ȭ֮ϴһ˿ŨĻɫȻַСӣһɣ
һ̣еоǷ񣬸ղ֮ôĸַԻ޷Ǿڰ
һѾʹһ˿ȫǱű뷨׼ַͬھ
ǣַȴһӾ͵سһԹȥеĳҲʱȻȥ
е˫ȭȻѾգһԵϣըһʯʱַĳ׼ȷ˵еȲ˽ȥ
ۡ
һ˲䣬ŵʹĺѪȲ
һΣĲҽͬǰεĺУǰȻַȴǿ̾ʹҴ»ᾪѧԺֻ֣ܾСԼһΣѾûϣԣ㳶ɤŴ
ʱַȻжսʿҲͻƲļսʿĶڣڵае˫ȭ֮ϣûжŵĴȣҲ׵ıַ˽ȥ
ǿҲΪļʵȻǱ룬Ҳû̴ȻѾû˿̧Լĸ첲ϵĳγ
ַ˵еĲҽУϽӵ𣬹˲ϵľʹٶܵеǰ˫һ¾˵ԴԵ̫Ѩϣ
˲䣬ַȫĵһԵȫͨ˫ֵĴӿ˵еԴ
ȫĵʯŮӶܻ衱ȥ˵ֻļʵĵˣ
ꡪ
ⲻϴӵеԴŵӿԲԽԽ࣬ĲҽҲ𽥵ȥ
ֱҲеĲҽУַɿ˵еԴ
һֻ̣оһһģһƨ˵ϡ
ԭһԴϻð̵ĵУַһ˿ɬ
һɱ˵ĸоȻ
ַʹĴ˼ĵ׵ֲӦѹȥģɱӦòᱻǹаɡ

ڴڵַֻоԼᣬʵʹ˻˯ȥǣ֪ڻ˯еĲҽп϶ᾪˣԼΪˣҲҪ򵥽һµġ
Ȼûõʱ䣬ΧһӰַַȻһ˯»ǰеİڿԼĵһۺϵʱȫޣӿ˽ŲһԼԡ
죬ַ磬㣡
˯±ϵĻҳŪ࣬һѷڵϵַ磬żַ磬ôôǱ˭ѵǡ
˵ɫ̫ÿͬʱΧԽԽ࣬ʶȤıԼ͡
лл㣬ٴμð
ַ翴ŰûΪԼĵײһ˿ůָָԴð̵ĵУЩ΢Цһ£˵ĲǸʲôֻһԴˮʿһ֫ͷԼ򵥵ļһҵļ绰˵Ǿǡӡơ2B


ڶʮ ϰصĳ
Ȼνġʿַ翴Ͳʿ񣬶޴ںǰ£֪УȴӲȥʿ
ڵ޴Ϊַĵ׺ǲм˰ѿɫŻ԰˵ӡ2BĻĿҲ붺Цѡ
Ȼ2Bʲô˼ȴסӡ˼ҪǷƽʱַܱ仰ĴЦ
ǣڵɫȴ̫ÿһΪַ磬һ棬ΪѾȥĵС
Ȼǹ壬ȻСͽܹõĽǣϾַֻ£ȴûַΪ˵ʣһμˣСɫҰ
ҺáΧѾԽԽ࣬Сĵ׵һ˿
ΧѾԽԽַ࣬뵶еսλѧԺġѧԱЩѧԱǴһЩͲСӣûмȥˣȻ֮ҲţģҲֻʮ꣬һŻﵽ䣬һȺСһڵϵĵУʶĺŰеַָָ㡭
Դð̵ļһѾ𣿡һЩȷѧԱʵ
ӦûɣܿһĶһȷѧԱش
ʲôϾȻһʿȻѪ
ֶ֪ҪѪɡ

ЩѧԱǾ뵶еʬԶںڰɫ£ԣܶ˸񰢶һһ۾ϳѾˡ
ַ統ȻҲѧԱǵ̸оúЦͬʱɫѿİһ£뿪ɡ
ַǻعβסĻŵġŶһŷַվ
ѽ˭ԱߵǸǲĳӰ𣿡Ѿ˿ַ˵Ķע⵽˰
һһüͷСǸһĲǸսСļһ𣿡
ЬѪ
ǵǸ󺺵ģ
ַվΧѾʼע⵽ңѾϵѪѪ뵶ѪһΧѧԱ
ǸһãҪȥϢˡ
ַһҲΧѧԱǿһЦ
ȺҲ仰ÿһССĿռ䡣
ʱһۺͻȻַı𣺡ȻᣬСһȱߡ
ַһ£漴תȥ㿴һЩƵͷӴѧԱＷ˽һ۾ϳԼʶǾλЩսʿʵϰأ
ַһͬʱ룺Ҳˣôģ
ַ뵶еսزûѧԺϰַӡӦǾסѧԺſڣѧԺſڻһκܴľ룬ԣַŻϰΪʲô
ңһλսʿַжҲЩѹ
˺ˣ£СһǣǶȥϢɡϰַָָ磬ûżַ翪ڣɢܼȺһ˵ʬʲôÿģ춼ҹرȥһʽѧˣǲƤĻ͸Ͽһȥ˯򣬿ѧȸΧѧԺһȦ
ѽϰؽܣ
һЩѧԱϳϰأһͬʱȱ㳯Լķ˻ȥȻʶϰصĲпᣬԼϡΧѧԺһȦĴ󽱡
еȴһһ߻ȥһߵ˵ѽǾȻǸˡǸ˲սСǸһɱİɡ
ˣСǣҹɣ
ϰسѾɢȥȺٴ໺һȵЩѧԱǶѾԶŽĿתƵַԵİϣСһҲµĲӦ˲ĳӰɣˣʲôýͣڣҲҹ˯ȥ
ǡַѾˣҪȥ
ϸһ˿ǿͼ˵ȥȴϿϣţСӣûз֮ǰȥҪ֪ҿǵĽ򣬵˺쿪ѧʱͷԵģ˲ҲûȨֹң
üͷһ壬˵ʲôԵַȴˣȥɣԼߡȥɣ
ɻĿַһַۣоһĹԼѾָһЩɴֱϵʹѳ˰ĲҸ˵Լܻȥ
ðɡ
ַɻջɻĿ⣬һϰأٴνĿַϣ֮زסһɵǣһȥˣԼСһ㡣
˵䣬ϰһۣתԼķȥ
ıӰԶַʹתϰأء֪ʲôأ


ڶʮһ ƽ
ϰزûż˵ȶڵϼŵеʬ壬ӲȲϵĳһֱ鵽˻ð̵Դϴص飬֮Ҳϸ
ַ˿ȴЩͷˣһսᣬɱУ̶ܴΪĳɷݣǵһͱе̬ȣ˵Լһ˲ˡ
ţǿиȫҲǲǣ鵱УڣַȻоұ۲ôʹȴоΪƣϰؽԼ˿Ͻߴһؽûʲô飬ǲǿԻȥˣ
СӣҶԽԽˡϰվûнַĻ°ͽĿַϣϱСʱҾ͸оûô򵥡
ؽʲô˼
ַȻѯʣĵȴѾԷ
ҵ˼ܼ򵥡ϰָָϵеʬ壬һۣղҼˣ˵ѾﵽļҲ˵һӵжļսʿ˵˵ĶԲԣ
ַüȴû˵ϰصǸʲôͼԾûгҲûзϣڵȴϰر
ϰؼַ粻˵Ҳߴ٣Ǽ˵ȥһˣ϶ǸɵģڶһļսʿУһȻһģҲҪһ㣬ҷ֣˲ˣҲϵĳǡͷ֮ǰͷܵһϮȻһûз⵽ʲôҲῴ˾ͷһ
Ҳ֪˵ʲôַ޹̯̯˫֣ҵ˼ǣҡΪ˴ϵõʲôϢ𣿡
ѾȥļһӵļʵҺܺ棬Ϊʲôܽɱ
ϰһַ翿ָָϵеʬ壺СӣǧҪ˵ûʲôϵϣףҲڴ̽ĵϸôȫұҪѧԺİȫѧԱ飬ұҪ
ǰؽҪ˽ʲô
ַ簵Ե˵ͷϰص˼Ҳ˷ִ硣
ԲøôɱģǣҪǰϰؽĶַ磬󲹳ģһ㱣ܵģңһﵽʲô
ðɣ֪ôһ飬ҾҲס
ַȻ֪ɱǷҲһļսʿѧУﲢһС£һ֪ԼѲϵԣԼҪϰ˽һ£ʵܼ򵥡
ַѹ׼򵥵˵һ£ȻмҲ˹Լʵ⣬ϰػᷢԼ׼ϵΪ˾Ͳȱ嶯ԼΪ׼䳰ȷһʱ嶯ŷìܣԼǿҲ˵Ĺȥ
ϰַĿַһۣ°˼˺һŶַ磺Сӣ˵ЩһԺʵ˵ЩʵֻҪ㲻߳ѧԺţôѧԺαİȫңԷģһ㴦ãǡ
ʲôַʶĽһ䡣
ϰ˫ۣǣʵ˵ҲʵԺѧԺĹأѧԺҪףѧԺΪһžͻ㡭˵Щ㶼𣿡
ǵģؽ˵ĺ֣ûиеκβס
ַʹĵ˵ͷǣͻȻһת˵Щʵֶʵô׼ܵͬĴ𣿡
˵䣬ַضϰصգҪıϷʲôַĵף׼Ϊ壬Ǻ֮ӣȻֻǺһӣλҪԼϺܶ࣬µ׼뿴һһһƽ֮䣬ڡϵ⣬٣
ģʵ˵ҲܵһĴ֣
ϰվѧԺһ涨ǹƽȻַͨʽԼĺͽѧԺǣֻҪ̤ѧԺ벽ǹΪӻͨƽһΥѧԺĹ涨ѧԺ飡
ƽַЩΪȻƽôûԼôΪѧԺһѧԱģƾһ㣬ЩƾԼʵͨ˵ѧԱ˵͸ƽ
Ҳ֪ϰáƽԼҲû⣬ϻ˵ҾͷˣʰؽʲôѾˣҪȥúϢһ£Ҳ֪ں죬һԵء
ˣԻȥˡ
ϰߵеʬԣƺڿôʬ顣
仰ַĵڽɱҲ֮٣ϾʱͰǣвľԼ˵θԼԼҲֻѡ
Ϊеĺ̨ǹ壬ϰؾҪΪԼĻԼҲûκΰ취ˡϾַĵɲһսʿĶ֣
ϰص˵ַ⣬鲻Խİ̾һ䣺ȻϱûоԵĹƽ٣ϰزûΪԷԺյĹΪԼһ㣬ǹƽˡ
飬ַųصķȥֻ˼ȴϰصȵȣȲҪߡ
ֱַоԼ࣬ݺݵһ£


ڶʮ Ժ
ѵϰغˣ
ʶ˵бԣԼ͵ɱȥֺú
ѹסе뷨ַ羡ԼƽһЩؽʣʲô𣿡
ͻȻղ˵һ仰ˡϰһַ˹
ַһüͷʲô
밲Сıԡ
ϰĿַ磺ȻɱһļսʿôС϶ͲĶˣҵ˼ǡ
ģ˼
ϰ˵ַ꣬ĻҸСԩ޳ôºأɱŵһ̶ܴҲΪĳɷݣȻСӦҲʹöٻȫԸΪҿɲĽֺ
ǾͿˡңϣĿԻ
ϰزûаŰ˵ϣܣַڶУʶĵŶѵϣӮô
ϣŵĹ⻷Ѿ̫ˣѾýˣû˼̿Ķ
ϰصζԺҲ˼ʱԺ˾ͻˡ
ַ￩һϰ˵ЩѾʲô¶һ̾Ϣı飺ллؽˡ
ˣСӣò˵ܴţôڿԻȥˣϰʹһһܣЩԹжһɳѪζ
ַڸһ˿ЦݣԥתӾͳԼķȥ
һ·ϣַһֱ˼ϰصһ仰һ仰ʱ͵Ҳ׽ܰݵսǶôĳ嶯ˡ
ΪԺŮȴܵԼôһƽĳײϢѧԺﴫ˿ԺΪݵĸף֪ܲ飬Ϊ۹ʥǿߡѧԺԺԼŮܵһƽƣ൱ںݺ⣡
ʵԺȴûб̬ûԼάһʥǿߡԺ棬鷢չŲʣ
ѧԺѧԱǿûʲôΪѧԱǶᣬķʽҲܼ򵥣ǣһʥǿ߶УĶУȻЩ˱ϲ˵Щʲôп϶۷׷סõĵ۹ѧԺԺʥǿߣԼŮܵһƽƺ󣬾Ȼһ仰Ҳ˵һͷڹꡱ
һһ϶Ϊ˵Ц
Ժ֮Լ棬ΪľϣԼŮܷ½ʰĶɴ˿ɼԺԼŮǶôĿˣ
ȻǰԼҪܰݣ
ԼڰУһжôԺһȻͳɿˣʱԼ¾͵˵ùʱˡ
ַţһԼܸݣԺ϶Լ̣Ծһǿߡϡ
ͬԼӮ˰ݣԺĿĴﵽͬʱҲһԼңܿΪԼġšԺԼ
ʱһʥǿߡıӻ׼飬ҲͲʲôˡ
һսֱӾ͹غԼδ
һַֻ̣оеѹԽԽˡ
ϰؿַ罥ԶӰͻȻ̧ͷȥĿʱ䵽һذϰнɫӰϣʹĵ˵ͷ
һ̣еӰȻ˵ϣȫܵĽɫսһ㣬Ҳͬʱݡʥǿߣ
ϰض˹˹Լӣ˵һ䣺Ժˡ
ش磬Ϊˡ
ϵĽɫҲ¶òǷȥһɾµİɾȴ̾Ϣ飬ַȥıӰսһҶСһǲ򵥡š
ʵϣ۹ĹʥǿߡѧԺԺˡ޲ءַܰսʱ򣬾Ѿǿ˶ַĹעϾҲ뿴ַ羿ûлԼŮǱ
ΪʥǿߣսϢҲϤ϶ַǿĹעڵ׷ַܳʱѾӦˣƬϿյʱǵжַ˵˵Ļʱ
֮һУҲ˶У
ǶСַ硯Сһеܺ氡
޲س̾Ϣһһת˵ȥش磬鷳ȥһСһܲħʦɱѵ֡һֵ˴۽簡


ڶʮ 
صĴǰַѾоָ˲ϵʹҲôˣЩԼĻָûüʲôͿԼתš
ַһůϸ΢Цһкû£ôûϢأ
ַ磬ϰؽǲΪˣ
ַϽӭȥ¶һɾϲܼƽ̫ˡ
ǺǣؽûΪңֻѯһĹַ̡絭ЦţȥϢɣڶѾҹˡ
ǣǵûзϢ˼¶˹Źֵ飬ַ翴Ͻæ׷ʵôˣǲʲôҪ˵

ϹŹֵʢĿҲЩƮһƺһشľ񶼲ֱַ磬ڣַ̲סҪٴѯʱ򣬰һҧضַַ磬Ҫлл㣡
ллңֵַŹˡ
ǵģҪΪ׼ЦңҲͲ⵽˰ɱˣ
۵棺ллôңҰͶԹģӽʼַδ۹Ϊܵѣַڸ⣬Ұһȫ

ž
һַ̣һ£ԭƼˮİΪʲôԼôãԼ׼ĵ죬ȥԼһ֮ʱַ˹ԭһֱΪԼѵ׼ڰͷΪԼæǰܺʱŹԡ
㲻ġ
Ƭַ̣ıİļ򣬲ż˵ȥҳֽѵ׼ԭ㲻ôлҵġ
ַ磬㲻ôοңѵΪһǷǲֵ𣿡
ַô˵ż˫ץסַļ򣬼ҰȻףҾԲһڰײֵˣ˭Һã˭һҶǵ
ַһҵȻ֪ʲôˣҲһ̰ͼС˵ˣܵõһλδȫȻÿһƽϣԼϵ飬ǣҲƭ㣬˵ҵΪһ²Ż׼ֵģʱܸ㣬ԭ¡
˵Ļᣬַ˵ȥˣҺˣҪϢˣҲϽȥϢɡ
˵䣬ַԽ˰λãóԿ״ԼķţͽԼ˷
ʱеĺڰַٴһŸոշ顣
ʵոյ飬ַлǸеЩϧ˳ŰĻ˵ȥԼԺĵ·϶ӿ㣬ԼĻҲΪһȫӶõ
ͱǰһλ߹٣
мˣܾܾջأ
Ҫܾˣǿ϶ᱻʹɵϣ
ǣַ֪ûв͸ǽԼƭ˰ʱȴƭ˰һ
Լغܳʱ䣬֮Լа¶һ죬ʱհ˵˼ά϶жĿˣ
ַͲƭһ棬Ϊ¶һ棬Ҳһ棬ΪԼô
Ҫҳһַֻ˵˵ԭԵ⣡
ҲΪǿĵŻԼôһɵϡһԭ԰ɣ
ǺǣҲǸɵϰ
뵽ַ粻εԳһ䣬ǽȴָһ˿棬ԭǸ磬ҿ϶ᵱɵϣǡȻҵڶҾҪԼ뷨ȥ
ãַȶһԼ񣬺ؿڵźһԼĴȥ
ǣյڴ׼ڤ״̬ʱ򣬷⣬ȴ͸ǽڴ˽ַ磡Ұʲôԭ׼֣ҲŲô࣬ǽˣҷµҲģôˣ

ַһ£ãŲЦһѵνġɵɵô


峿̫ոմӶðͷʱ򣬵۶ıѧԺѾˣѧԱ峿ϴˢڼ͵ʱ򣬿ȴ̸ͬһ⡣
Ǿַɱһļǿߵ飡
£ʵ֪˭ȴ˳ȥȻַڱлһ֪ôСһһҹ֮ҡһ䣬ѧԺǱţ
ԭЦַһЩһһҹֱ֮Ӿͱ˳ݣȻһҲᱧŻɵ̬ȣ߻˵ַôŵʱ򣬱㲻м˵ôܣʮһСɱһļսʿ˭˵ģ
ߵַͬ粻мһˣɫһ䣬Ķͬ齲ַսļսʿ飬ң˵ǻɫֱֳһ㣡
˵֮ǰɻ̬ȵѧԱҲĨȥеһ˿ɣΧԽԽ̸еĻҲͻὥ
ҲΪʵԡ
ŵֿˣʱҲַ޲ڡ
ϰأЦ

ַӰĿԼʱ򣬲Цвɵð룺˳ɻ飬ĸ綼Ⱑ
鵽ôȥģַжʱ뵽һˣǾϰأѧԱĿˡҲ֪Լɱĵӵʵ֪ʵģ޷Ҳϰһˣַ绹֪սѱԺ
ϰؽеʵȥĿģ޷ҲǸεʩһѹ
ԣϰֶΣַҲʾ⡣
ȻĿǰԼѾΪԽ˰ݵţȴҲַ˸ѹ
ǾǣһҪܰݣ
ϰصˡַڴεҡҡͷ벻Ҳбˡһ찡


ڶʮ ŭ׼
ʱ䣬ַһֱṳ̂벽˰һ֮⣬һֱ֮С
ֵһǣֻǾһСڤ룬ַͷԼ첲ѾȫȥоſеĵӽԼʱ򣬵Լں֮£Ȼܼӿϣһ㣬ǰȻûз֣һϲ֮£ҲͰٻָ鹦ڵ˵뼡ںϲ֮ϡ
ȥŹԼԣѹס˷ܵ飬ַ糹׽ڤ״̬
һ죬ַΪѧԺġһֱڷΪַúˣѾˡ
һʱܿжɹҹĻ٣ѧԺٶȻعʱַҲ˫ۡ
ңһΣ۵Ѿһ˿ŵ΢Ц
ΪڸղŵʱַڷԼѾͻƵսʿˮ׼
ԭļħʦľӵħʦĿյӵٶҲһһ죬ڸ۶սʿˮ׼ȴΪĵ˲ʱգ˵ͻƵսʿʵַ֮У
սʿʵӡʵĸʹʹħַҲѾ˳ֵӮʹöİˣ
ڽܰݵսַһҲڣʵʱҰݡʦҲһúõѧԺȥǣַĵǲԸˡ⡱ڲֻôͷԷ裬ҲԴ󣬶ҪѰԼһϣ
һһݱӵеɣ
Ӵ𣬼򵥵Ļһַ֫ͽĿ˴⣬һԶԶ֮ϡ
ŵ¹⣬ַһ죬ѧԱԺӣҲַ֮󣬵һ֤Լʱ򣡡

һߵ׼һźĴΪʲַǿŻһļսʿȥ˵ַ磬ַһҲˡ
ǣôҲ벻Լɳȥļսʿַɱˣ
ȻһѧԺŹַɱһļսʿ飬׼ȴһ㶼ţ
һֻʮһСӣôɱһӵжսʿ
ʱ׼ô붼벻ףԽԽ
Ǹַֻһƽôôǿʵ츳ֻʮһ갡
ԼȴҪǸƽ꣬ԼȴֻһսʿʵҪΪԼĸףԼ͸ǰôöսʿĳƺţ
սʿĳƺǼٵģԼ̿ŬҲѾܿҪͻƵսʿˮ׼ˣ
ߺߡԼֻһսʿʵ
Լǹ壡
֮⡭Լܵٸ֣
Ȼһļսʿɱַ磬ǾļսʿӦֱһսʿսʿԼܵĸˣ
ǣʱ׼˰ȥʱϰȴ

˿̣׼ڴɫѾ˼㣬ԶҲϰԼʱ˵Ƕ̸
ʱϰ˼ַ飬׼Լĸ׳ֱһھͳ
ϰ׼ĳϣĬãζ׼˵
ӽ쿪ʼòҪȥַ鷳ǡԺ˵˼
磬ÿ׼ϰص仰ʱжһǿҵķŭ
ߣϼһȻùвңҾ֪ȥļսʿ쵰ϼһɱģ
ʲôʷŵţʲôʮһɱһļսʿȥ
ٵģһжǼٵģ
ǸϰĻһֲ߻ģ
뵽׼ٶȴܳһŭŭǿȣоԼĺЩˣ
ͻȻӴվ𣬶ݺݵĳŴַ磬΢ƽ񣬾ϰǸϼһôԶֻһƽ񣡣Զδĺ׼Ķ֣
ŭ֮µ׼ǲַΪƽΪʲôõϰرֵ֧⣬ڣŭͷԵҲһֱûвַ米ĲϰأǱѧԺԺ۹Ĺʥǿߡ޲أ
Ȼַ米޲أҲǱһͼ

ҹģ˭Ǻģᡣ
˯еİ˷Ժһ䣬סԼԴֳ˯˹ȥ

峿̫δʱѧԺĺܶѧԱǾѾѵϣ죬ѧԱԺʱ򣬸ַ밲ݾӣ
һ磬ѵΧͱΧɽ˺ѧԱ˽ͬʱȴַϳ
һװİѾվ˳еĸ̨ϣɫƽ˿ҲκУ˿ȴ緭һ㡣
ѧԺﴫ飬ҲȻסĶ䣬ôţһֻʮһСӣȻɱһļսʿ
ݲûۿʱ龰ǣΧһѬȾУ˿ҲѾҡ
ѵǸСһԼҪ
ôܣֻһֻʮһĺӰ
ʹڣݵлǲַܽɱһļսʿʵǣȴоѹԽԽˣΧѧԱԽԽ࣬оԼѾʼý

ŬԼͬʱݲַķš
ʱһһȥֱӽʱ֣ȴûпַӰ
ΧѧԱѾЩ޾ɣѾ˹Ƿм̲ס
ݵҲԽԽ֣ԼַԼʱͿҪȥˣǣֱȴûмַӰ
ѵַǺԼˣǡԭ
вɵú˼



ڶʮ ˯ͷ
ֹ˺һ̧ͷһɫ˿Ѿӽ磬ȴûпַӰҲһ˿ŭ
Լʱ仹в̣ǸһȻڶû
ʲôԼӣɱļսʿֻһЦַǸȴΪصѹˣ
ôôһһ
ڰбԹʱΧıϣȴͻȻȵ
תͷȥһ۱ͿȺǸڼеССӰ
ַ磡
ַӰݵ΢һ㣬٣ˣֻȥ񡭡еǱ
ַͷģһǱʲôսһ㣬ͷһں༣ϴ·ҲǴæŻϵģһ׵ӣַ绹ûüϣ
ǱĴ磬ʧ֮ȻѧԱǲûзЦɾ֮Ǵ˷
ַȴΧָָ㣬ڰɻΧѧԱǾȵ֮Уڼģ˸̨
һŶԵЩǱַ磬̵ǵſȥǱѵɱһļսʿ𣿡
ǵûС
ַ԰ǸЦЦǱǸС㣬ҽ˯ͷˣû
˯ͷˣ

Ȼַ󣬵ǰŵѧԱǻ˶УΧʱһѧԱ໥ݵĹ̵УÿҲַǱԭ򡭡
仰ѧԱȥûʲô˰ݵĶ䣬ȴһ¾еķŭ׵ı
ǸȻ˵˯ͷˣ
ѵҽսǲ𣿻һֱû⣿
һ˲䣬ǿҵַЩɢĻг׵ȼ
һַ̣ͷսĺۼ˯ûϵ
쵰
һ䣬ݾѾ̧ȭַȥ
ļսʿʹöٶҲѾ൱ˣգ֮ǰݾѾַǰϴݵַ磬ݻĵһȭ
һȭַȴûֱӲһóλãƵݵȴûż밲һ롣
ղգ֮䣬Ȼ̸һ棬еѧԱҲַĶļսʿݵַĶ൱ݣȻֻǶȴҲ͸¶ַĵϸļսʿöһҲѾһʵ
ΪߵİݸȻһЩçײҲûʹ϶ڷŭӰ£һȭѾȫǣַȴô˹ȥѵɱһļսʿ
򵥵һ棬Ѿȷַĵϸ漴һѹͬʱҲԴ
סԼϢ˿ҷɵضŶַ磬ȴַ¶
ַȴһһƣŶ԰˵С㣬һսû˼ֻ֤ԼԣˣǧҪϡ
ʵϣַԭûеﰲݵ˼Ͼ밲ݸûʲôޣңڱѧԺȥ飬Ҫ
ǣĻڰݵĶУǵûðݵŭƽϢȥһεĴ̼˰ǿҵģ
ڰݿַ仰һƣ
ȥɣ
ŭһٴγַȥȻΪսûЯǣȭȭžֱַҪɱеޱ߷ŭ
԰һȭһȭԼַǿܸϰݵٶȣڣûֻǱķֱ۸񵲰ȭͷͬʱַȴҲоֱϵĳвпࣺļսʿʹʹöҲǲСӵİ
ݵ沿ѾһԵ촽һ˿֮ɫȭͷͬʱҲûṇַ̀ɿַֻǱĵȴûһ㹥Ϊʲôѵǿ𣿣
û˼
ַݷһȣһ߼ŰҹȭͷһߵʼЩǷййеɣǽҾҪˡ
˵仰ַȻһ΢ɼĵ⡣
ˣ

仰ݵиӷŭˣѾȫȻŭЩӰеĽ࣬ǰַȻڲ˵ģ
ǿѹеŭ𣬰һȻǰϷڿ̧һϸȣͷͳ·ַȥ
ַһȴûзſаݷŭɫϸһɹı飬Ҳһ˿ɻ󣬵˿ɻȴһ˲˾ϲ
ʱ򣬰ݵȣѾźХ֮ƣҵǰ


ڶʮ ַ
硪
ݵ׼ȷַұߵļϣǡ
ѽ
ʧʹһŻڰеͻȻûվһ㣬ʧ˵ϣַϵȣҲ˳ƻ
ַܵϴľ޴ֻһ΢һӣȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺

žΧʱһƬž
սѧԱŴ죬ƺûиֳǿһֱռĵλΪʲôֻǹַһ£ͻȻ˵ϣ
ѧԱӦϵİȴٴվֻһΣѾ˺ַ籣һľ룬ϣҲڸһ˿顣
˲֪Ϊ˵ȴˣַһ̣ȻеһɺֵԼϴ˲оһ飬ҲòֵĸоܿͨȴȫͻȻվȣʧ˵ϡ
ֵȻ㲻ַȴʵʵ׵ġ
ֵǱʲôַеĵ
ԼΧ𵽱ԼãܼӵĹԷĵַ֮ԭǲ˽ַϵĵ
ȻҲͬĴΪ˽ַϵĵһ³һƿ
ַƵļãϵĵֻǵصֲܸͿˣûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ҲΪַһڳ׵侲ַһľ룬Сš
ַҲ˰Ƶת䣬ʼϾԷһļսʿ
ǣоͳ˺ЦһĻ
һһȻֻһ֣˿
һ棬ݹ˼ַϵĵַҲ˼侲İݽĳ֣ԣղ˵Ķһһ߹۲Էϵ
һĻΧѧԺȴָӹŹˣ
ʱַ类ĺ޻֮ǣڰһ֮ȴת˲ٴȳ֣֮໥Χһת
ʲôתȦ˭᣿
ֻƬ̹ѧԱǾͿʼ۷׷
ѽǿѽʲô
תȦˣͷΣǻͷأ
ɣҶˡ
һԹ͸ӵȺ˳̨ϵİݺַȻûܵЩӰ죬̨תȦӡ
һȦȦȦ
ڣѧԱǵȺѾ˿ʼȥˣ̨ϵ˻תȦӡ
ģ
תȦŵıʶˣ
߰ɣǳ˷֮ٻ
ΧѧԱԽԽ࣬ԹԽԽǿ̨ϵַ磬ȴʱˣ
һΣַû˿ãٳݳȥ̧ȭͷͺݺݵĳݸȥ
ݼˣԺһһֻ첲ס˸
硪
΢ײ󣬰ȻٴαַȭϵĵһѾ˵һεľ飬һȻӦַ࣬ȴ׼ݷɵĻᣬȭͷݵסͬʱѾӣһ˦Ⱦͳݵ̹ȥ
ȴַȣƵַı὿һұһͳַĺȥ
ֵַֻһλ仰˵ΪǸֻܸŵַ翴üĵط
ǣȭַ羱ϵʱ򣬲֪ǵĴˡ
ֻһ˲䣬ַѾתӣһֻȭͷŰȥһۿĵѾͨȭͷĴݣݵϮȥ
Ȼݲûע⵽Ϯĵеľַ绹ûлӹȭϣͬʱַǹһ˿թЦݣ
һ˲䣬һûüӦʲôֻһ飬ʱһĸоϮȫ
һַ̣ȭͷѾǰ
ǻ쵰
һ䣬ֱоԼֱȴҲܿ˷Ӧ˳Ƴһˣַһȭͬʱ˫ݺݵļסַһֻţٶȴǹֵҧҧǿסһת˫һʹͽַ糯ǰ˦ȥ
ַֻýһȣžʹһԼǰȥڰ֮УԼҪˤ̨֮£һҧҧǿڿŤһӣڽӽʱ򣬳ɹŵأҲʱ򣬰Ѿ̧һȻ
ѾŤתӵַ˳ץס˰ݵĽףеĵ˲ӿ밲ڣͬʱ˰һȵһ̣ܵݵһַһֻ˳ץסݵһֻףͬʱ
ѽ
ǱӿһŸоԼַɵʧںһ
ͬʱϰҲΪûʱȥȴҲһ˲ͷӦ˹
ڽӽʱֻ첲˳Ƴס˵ϣһӣ̷˫ſٳһתһ¡
һ£Ҳַ类ɿĽףͬʱֱٶȷ˵ϵ༣ٳַ绬ȥͬʱ̧˫ȣٶȳַȥ


ڶʮ Ժ
԰ٴγ˫ȣַԵòңɿݽ׵һ̣ٳȥվһȫϽ
һ֮󣬺ܿӵϷվ⼸涼˲˿̣Ŵٶȸһξ롣
ΧѧԱǿٴζ֣ѧϰսɵͬʱɵöо֡
ַȻûдﵽļսʿˮ׼ٶȡϣļսʿİҪ˲٣ǣÿݹַʱȴͻȻʧȥ㣬ͬʱȴַץס˻ᣬŻֳʱʤľ档
űԹЩѧԱѾٴηص˳Уض˱ԣһ̣˵ﶼҲԭ򣬵ƾ룬ȴ벻Ȼ
ʱ򣬲֪˭һԺˣ
ѧԱǶĿ˹ȥַעҲһһɣʶбĿһۣ㿴һΰӰƮƮĴһߵĿԼƮ˹ȫһŨĽɫʥǿߵı־
ӰΧѧԱǶʱ㼤
ǿʥǿߣѧԺԺ
ҲַһɲǣȴץסᣬٴַϮ
ַоϮʶĶһӣǿһҲһӣʹ޷㡣
١
ݿ׼һʱйâǣһתĹԣȻַ˦һȣ
ַۿһȵǰԼһʱ򻹲оǱԱһЩ㿪˰һȣûվȴٴ׷
ʱԺ޲Ѿվ˸̨֮ϣ˫־Ŀųеսƽ˿Ҳκ
ַǱһĻѧԱǿмĵѧԱǲŹѵõĻᣬƨƨߵܵԺǰĳԺŰݵƨ
ЩѧԺ඼һЩӵܣУ޲عȻҪȱѧԺԺҪң޲ػһλʥǿߣЩӵǿɲôõһύĻᡣ
һСߵ޲󣬹ĳߵͬѽҵѣСҪӮˣ
ǵȻǵİСţôһСƨأһҲĬһ䡣
˵Ļ޲صĶУȴüͷһ壬Ҳһ˿ͷ
Сȴû޲ص쳣ɶ̨ϵİ޲ڡ
޲̾˿ΪȻСⲻȥ׼Ļһطʱ򣬼ʱϰԺΧ
ϰؿۻƨС壬һ꣬˲Ժ뷨װ׵ģ
֪޲زѵЩС壬ǣϰһСǣҹһȥϹͣ
ϰصղŻ޲ڵСǣͻȻһ¡ѧԺȻϰϳԹٿͷһ٣Ҳû˵Щʲôĵ뿪޲ߵķΧ
ϰؼˣĵ˵ͷ޲صߣԺˣȥħһˣ
˵ϰصϸһ˿ɵɫ
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޲оâһɫĵ˵ͷһ䣺˵˵ɡ
ģԺˡ
ϰһַСһƾðһֻǰõʱϷһСϽħˣǣʱԼȥħᣬԣûв鵽ʦ˭Ҳûв鵽ݣȴ鵽һ顭
ţһʱܲЩҲˡ޲΢΢˵ͷһʲô
ϰسһ£ܣûʲôˣŸϽ˵˳ȥħ˵ֵַʱħȴֵļΪʱǸħִ˵־Ȼʧ̬ץסҵ죬ǲַ֪䡭
ô£޲زüش磬ôشģ
ֻ˵ҵȷʶַ磬Ҳ䣬ԲŻħѯʵġϰؿЦһ£ô˵ħҲһɵҵϡѵַСħỹͱʲô¨Ӳô
š
޲һͷ˼ɫַħʲô飬ûвʵ֮ǰʱȶñܹУⳡսַʤݣʹȥ׼ѧԺɣߣſɭ͸ҵϺΪĵҲ治СĶѧԺȡһŵģҲ㹻ˡţɣȥٶЩȥַݣһҪ
ˡ
ϰصĵ˵ͷʶĳһۣ̾һת뿪ˡ

ã޲ͻȻ̾һСһϣƺŲ鰡
˵䣬ֳƬ̣޲ؽضųлսˣٴһ䣺ʮһͣսʿʵ밲ƥСǧҪʧ


ڶʮ ݵ
޲ϰ̸֮ʣϵַѾ㿪˰ݵϮʱ˶վ̨һǣŶԷѰŹʱ
ʱŶɫİݣַǳأԭΪԼͻƵսʿˮ׼Ѿ벻ʹöİƥˣŷ֣ԼڸϣȫһļսʿĶ֣һʹöĻԼͰˣ
Լе¸Ͳܼôʱ䣡
ǣԼһսһ棬䣡
ȻİݿЩԼҲòȥ
ңݺѾԽԽӦԼĵˣٵȥĻľͻԼˡ
Ȼʹħǿֻܼǿˡ
뵽ַֻܰ̾һԭֻϵĵһȫķΧ֮ڣȴԻܰݣҪǿĻַ͵İݻܵ˺Ҫܰݣڲʹħǰ£ֻһˡ
뷨һַγɣ̾ͶˣֻһΣû泯ݳȥǹ¶Լһ
Ȼǰһûж룬ԥַǰȥ嵽ַǰͲһӣ̧ȣͳַ˦ȥ
ʱַǣҲڹһ˿óѵЦ⡣
ǰȾҪԼ䣬ַһڣ̧˫ƴȫͽݵĽץУļսʿľ޴Ҳһ
ַֻоԼһʹƺһһ̣㲻ԥ˫֮Ȼǿ˶ԵֻꡱԵĵַг֣һ¾ӿ뵽˰ݵĽ֮У͸Ľף˲䴫ȫ
ֻоһһƬհףʲô֪ˡ
ַɫһ࣬ɿݵĽףֻءһݾ˳Ƶ˵ϣһƬãȻƺǿĵˣ
ַҪľЧݵڵϣһ
һµȥڴʱͷһ£ַоȫЩյģһߵԼ״̬һĵĬĬΪšϾݲû񵶰öסԼ壬ûжİݣڷϣҪ˵һ
һǷ񳬹˰ļޣַҲûиס
ҪӮⳡսһҲʵ֮١
ŻڵŲİݣַ羲Ŀˣһ
ʱַ翪ʼΧѧԱѾȫסˣôҲ벻ףղŻİݣΪʲôһ˲Ȼ޻֮ĵ˵ϡ
ֻи̨ϵ޲أһ˿⣡

һ£ַоǵûзɣԽӽ̲ס룺С椸òһ¾ͱԼ˰ɣҪˡ
뵽ַ͵͵һ۸̨ϵ޲ء
ҲҪ군ˣ

ҡҡ
ڣž֮󣬰ݵнָƺûʶԼѾˣʱֻоԴʹʹ˺ݺ˶һ㡣
ַݵɵغһڰݶ˵С㣬Ѿˡ
ҡˣ
ǿųصƤɻһۣ֮ţҡôء
ʹ˦˦ͷͼԼһЩһƺվɸվһ£¾һģٴε˵ϡ
С㣬ȷˡַ̾һˣǵ͵ɣҵûȥϢˡ
˵ַһ޲أתȥȴͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ԥƬ̣ӣĵڰݶ˵һ䣺С㣬ˡðҺ֪ԭһúõŮӣΪʲôԼһųªأ
ݵʶĲһ¡
ַ˵䣬Ȱݻشվת̨˹ȥ
ΧѧԱǼַ̨óһͨǵг˸ָӵĿ⣬һֱĿַ罥ȥ
ַ罥ԶȥССıӰÿ˵ж𾪣
ʮһСӡȻĻһļսʿȻһдҶûпףǣǰʵȴòŷ
ֻʮһ
̨ѧԱǵ𾪣˿̣ݵȴҪѧԱʮ
˵СɱļսʿʱϻһˣȻڸ˵»Լͷһ𣬰ݵвŨŨĴܸС
𾪵ǡ
֪ҵܣ
ݵǲʶַԶȥıӰͬʱһɾ޴Ŀ־壡
ɿ־岢ԴڱַĪܣԡַһ仰
ˣݣһȥɡ
޲Ѿ˰ߣд𾪵İݣ΢΢̾һǰʱ㣬ĵ·ϲн֮ģһΣӦ˰ɡϵţɲֻһ
ȴû޲صַȥķ˾þõĳĬ֮С


ڶʮ 㹻ζ
һ·ϣַƽһθܵĿĸо˵⣬ģôַҲΪˣҲǿӲȻǾϲȴûбֳ
ЩݵġĽġǼʵĿ⣬ַ綼ô⣬ͷ۵ȴһЩݽõŮͶİĽĿ⣬ۻҵķǡ
ҿûͯ񱰡
Ȼ֮ǰлѧԺЩŮǣɶ󰡣
ַĵ׳ϣһʱҲϲϲĵϲ桢ϲȡҲֻڴϲѣҪһ̸
ַɴû
ȥǷŹͬĻ˼벻̸ǷݶеĴ棬ַ͸оԼ²֡
šȽϹζ
뵽㣬ַͻȻ뵽˰ݡ
ַļǵã밲ݽս֮ʣĹУַɿ沿°͵Ǹط沿һ˿ѩףȻ˿ѩ׺΢ַȴĲ׽ˣ
ƽôªòҲûм˵Ŀţ·ȥ°ϵ˿ѩªϵķɫһ㶼Ǻϣ
ң˿ѩڳªɫ֮µģ
ַеһ˰Ǵߵ뷨֪ǰְҵ񣬶ִʱ򣬶һߣҪרҵʿϼǷֱ治Ƿߵġ
ҲΪ뷨ַһ밲սĹУַҲĵĴӸǶȥ۲ŰݵòֱһܵĵϵǲڼЩַж˽ۡ
벻С椾Ȼһųª߰ôΪʲôҪԼأ
мŮӻԼӦûаɣ
뵽ַͻȻڴժ֮ģ
һħģټһ΢ɫЩݡ

˵ֻʮꣿ

ַ粻òȷԼеĶˡ
ǣ
뵽ʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôַͻȻһĵ׵Ļ桭
ǰһոձҽȷΪ֢ʱΪʱŮѺԥȥҲΪˣĲŻ񻯣Ż硭
һĻĻ»طĵףַֻԼǸŮһһгƬѪһأȴûǸŮ˵￴˿
ʹ
ޱߵʹ

ùַͻȻһ󻺻³ĬĬĸԼұǸеɣ顭ǲҪմϺˡմɼֱȶƷ
ַڸ֮еԣһ̣ĵһصľ
ֻǣҲȷԼһˣǷ밮޹ˡ
ܰյһգղסģͿɡ
̾һһַ֮緽ŻЩϲ鵴Ȼ޴棬˿̣·߼۵ŮҲʧȥѾᷳ
ʱַĵģϵҲԵø䣬мַСŮԭַڨַϡǧ֮⡱֮󣬲ԥ֮С
ܿ죬ַصԼᣬûһŵ
ַüͷѾµ˭ֻεɡ
ϣҵַ磬̫ˣ
ϴ˷ܵ飬һ߽䣬;ȵַ̾һ䣬˵һ䣬ַɫ̫õʱ򣬾͸ϽĿʵַ磬ôˣӮ˰ӦǺܸ˲Ŷ԰Ϊʲô㡭ܲ˵ӣ
ûаҵĺܸˣҲûԼܻܰݡ
ַεʼ磺ǣҲûҪϰɡѵҷǵùЦһҹ֤Һܸ𣿡
Ҳԣ
˵ͷ˼һ£ȻЦڿѧԺĵһˣ
Ǻǡ
ַ粻ϼ˵ȥǱת˻⣺ʲô飿
ַһѣǰһˣһ㣬ôģȥ˲˵ԼôǱʰһ°ɣѧԱԺˣʱ򣬿ɱѧԱѧԺĵһôǱӰ

ַ粻Цһ£ĵ˼˰죬ŴＷһ仰飬ʧˣŻôǱȻҾͻȥˣʱ˿ɫΪżȥμӱԣŻûüһ¡
飿ʲôѵ㻹ѧ𣿡
ǰһַۣ磬ǸŰȻµѧҷԽԽ˸㲻ˡ
ǺǣˣҪʰһˣҲȥ緹ɡ
ַģĽ´ȥΪĵ׵ĵͳһ仰Ҳ˵ȥżĽſȥˣ㲻ðҴˣⶼС
ҡ
ַ粻Ȱ˵꣬Ƴֻ֮顱һŵͱַ˷⡣
Ϸţַĵ̾һֻ顭


ʮ ķ
ʵϣַҲϿҪѧϰ飬ǣϿӿռָͳӽ鼮ӸҸҪѧϰȰЩȫʹ뷨
ӽ黹ֻǻģ
ٸأַ粻ȥˡ
Ӳ
ַɲˡǰѧ֪ԼӲ˶ٶȱҵμӹ֮ȴЩӲĶȻɲʲôóַ֮ͶӲ˵ִ
ǣûѧϰڣϿӸЩ鼮һֱĿռָﾲİڷţһЩħں˵úͲ֮⣬֮Ҳûó
˵飬Ͳ飬ǡһ飡
߿˵Ǵ󵨵ĳԣ
ԴͻƵսʿˮ׼ַͷ֣ԼԺٿտеĵǿ׳壬Чͻúܵˡ
ԺôȥҹͣյĻҪﵽļսʿˮ׼ٻҪʱ䣡
ꡭַʱûģҪ߷
ȣַ뵽׵ֶʮһ꣬Ѿħ붷֮Ķ֮⣬ڴȻķ棬ԼԭǸǰġ׵硱Ҳſ籩ʱ֡
ΪʲôûС׵硱ħַ֧²롰׵硱ĳֻһ˲йأħԪ׸֪ڿдҲ΢Լӵпصı죬ԼҲ͸֪
еħʦǳϡ٣û׵ħҲ֮ˡ
ǣַ֪׵ֶѹߣԼڵССͺѸɣԼóȻԵĻǿɾ̫òʧˡ
ǣַ뵽һ취
֪ʱǲ±ģΪľһ׵У۶ϵز˵ȼһ
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ȻףԼЩǿȸͲ׵ȣķѾüޣûⷽľԽôԼֻˡ
ַ֪׵ľ֮ȼգΪ׵˲ͷŴܲתܣľ¶˲߼ٶȲ̿Ծͻսˡ
ôĻ׵ħҲ֮ͨˡ
׵ȼľһ˿ϵַһСķųһС򣬾ͣԼǰȻСĵķֳһںڻ档
֮ǰʱں֮УһεںϸǼ죬һСѾ
װСˡ
Ͽ˵ԪضǲģȻַܿƵ壬ԵһֻԪأַﻹǳ˽š
ʼʱڤ״̬ſеӵͬʱһһĿװСյӵĹ̺˳ֱջг͵ĵַҲе˼Ϊ˳
ǣŻŨĻԪؽԼʱȴͻȻ֣Լ͸е쳣ʹ
һַ̣ʶ˽ŵջԪصְ취вͨǣѾ΢Ԫų⣬ȴķ֣ѾĻԪѾĿˣ
ȻԿĻԪزټ壬Ѿһ֣ȴûа취ǰٿ磡
ȻԪصķ٣ַѾȷԪزǿԼ壬뼡ľʹ֮У
ԲųĻԪأַżˣ
вͶҽ仰ַȻҲ֪ģȻҲⲻǽİ취ʱļ֮£Ҳ뵽İ취ȫԹˣ
ȴʧ֮
ʹѾȥǣһҧ㽫еĵһط
һΣַо˵Ԫظ
ۼһĵһãвɵһϲϽõƶŻԪһһ֮ƶţǿۼļͲصĸɣַֻǿŸɴľʹŬų⣡
ۼԪųͬʱҲʱıһ⣬ⲻ·ܳһЩƶͷ罹һ顭
ַ˾ţ֮ڰڵĻԪųʱ۾ȴ֣ʱѾ賿ʱ֡
ʱȻֻʹĸоѾʧϵ·ƵĲӣңԭĵѾųԪصĹĵʣ޼ˡ
ļ⣬ҲЩ͡
˿ɫַҧҧٶȽڤ״̬ŬزŸɺԵĵҵԼ״̬
ֱĲ࣬״̬ҲõʱŴæĻһ·ϴˢȥѧԺѵڡ

⾪ĵһĻַ絽ڻоǺ£ҪԼûпصֱ죬ڻԪؽ֮ޱ޾ʹʹɱˡ
ڣַҲҳΣյķˡ
ԼֻԺѰҿյĽݾˡ
Ҳ֪ԼʵߣͻƼҪĵҲԽԽ࣬Ҫտеĵӣ֪²սʿˮ׼ң㵽˴սʿˮ׼һսĹڵĵտеĵӽв䣬Ҳһ׵顣
뵽ϿŴﵽħʦľ磬ַоͲһż
ݾҪߣֻǣڻûҵʵİ취
ңԺУҪѰҽʡķҪÿһսԼô˷ѵĵǵԺʵԽԽߵʱ򣬾ԽԽѲˡ
뵽ַ̾һҲ֪鲻żǣ򵥵ϴˢ֮һͷԵ˴ϣڤ״̬
ͬʱлһССڴ罫ҪԼλͬ飬أ


ʮһ Ѫ溺
ʱ֣ѧԺһֵգַ밲˵սѧԱǶʱս龰ҲΪѧԱ̸۵Ļ⡣
ڰλţʮ;ļսʿˮ׼ѧԺ˶Ŀõģַ硭һʮһСӣȻڴﲻļսʿˮ׼֮£ѧԺϵŰݣһ飬ͺ䶯ѧԺ
ڰûʹö飬˶Ѿˣ
óڮַĻôܶ˾ͻǲмİһۣұĵѵ㲻ַ֪밲СԵǰ죬նɱһļսʿ𣿡
һʱ䣬ֻһĹַѾѧԺЩոͨѧԺˣûסѧԺѧԱǣѾ֪飡
ЩѧԱԼַܼһ棬еѧԱѾ²⣬ַȻֻʮһ꣬ȴ˸󡢻һƾͰѰνĵ˵ص¡
ַӰ˵֮ȴǲеЦֻεЦЩҲ̫˰ɣͲ˵ҡַ紿үǣѪ溺ӣȭվˣˡ
ĴԣַҲֻ΢ıԹһ˵ģ⣬ַûʲôȴ仰μĵס
ʱַ˸ǡ
ַֻ߰ԳЦЦٶȽڤ״̬
ȻĿǰյĵѾİΪ΢ǣٳɶĵַ绹׵ġ
ǣַٶȴڤбѵʱ򣬱㿴վſڵİٺ١Цı飬вƲѣûѯʣͿĳķһ֡
һ̣ͻȻѪַ֮紿үǣѪ溺ӣȭվˣ
ַ緿ϵǽƤ˲٣Ȼͬʱ仰˲
ʱַסˣعһЦĿԼвӿʹⰢĳ嶯
ͷմַȴֲɵתΪɬַֻܸϽϷţԶԶģҸҪԼʵԼڷпЦѡ

û뵽һ죬ţƵĳƺžȻַϡ
ǣľ仰ѧԺЩûмַĿѧԱǿУǴļΪ𱬣
¶⣬ѪڵѧԱ֮УһȥݼΪ֮꣬ȴɻ󡭡
ϰشصѧԺ仰ʱȴȻһͻǣֻƬַ֮ţҺñѧԺǷʽѧԺһȻѧԺдļΪ𱬣ûдԶȥȻĻҪħ֪飬ˡ
ͬʱϰҲһַ磬ܸħʲôϸԼΪ˵ڳҪΪ£š

ϰγţȻǰһ飬飬׼йء
ںǹݣϰγžͰ˺֮ۡУĵؽ޲ؿ׼˼ϸһ顣
蹫˵ʹϰذ°ĺƯ
Ȼڹ治ҵĲϰÿÿһԱɫоͲֿ˻
ջƵصĺϰĵ׸ûһøУ
ߣҪɭǰ͢еϵĻĹݣֲ
ݺݵıԹһ䣬ϰһ׼ڵһȥ

ַڶʢݼֱը˷Σ
ַĸֿԣв᲻˿ĺЦоŭʢ
ôҲ뵽ַľӮ
һħӼֵħʮļǮﲢںΪģĴԣ
̶̲һʱ䵱УԭԼͷϵǸšñӣѾַͷϣˣѧԱǸǼЦԼܡһֻʮһСӶ򲻹ļһҲ䡰š
һԼݲĻԹȥȺݺݵһЩ˵ļһȻָıӴʹѵǾӮĹַ𣡣бǾȥս쵰
ǣȻֹЩվ˵ۡˣǻŭҲֻܻޱߵơ
ڰƴﵽµʱȻԼÿιַʱ򣬶ϴһֵǹͻȻǿԼͲᱻܣ
ǸʲôԴѵһ
뵽Ŀԣļٶȸһɷŭ
İôΥαȶ壡
ʲôԼʹöѾһˣ
һ̣ƺϵĲ࣬ͻȻЦҪȲӡ֤Լ뷨ǿѹͷŭ첽߳ԼᣬΧָָ㣬ٶȣĸסѧԺԺ޲ص鷿֮С


ʮ ȼ
޲ص鷿С
ףıȶƽһ㶼ƽҷַ֣Żҵģһţݾ̲סʶ֮£ַѾΪˡײӮˡʵ
Ŷ
޲ؼݷŭģüȴѵһ䣺ݣҪ侲ôģ
ף侲Ǹ쵰Ȼ׵ֶβӮңȫǹŮĸԣô侲
ҵйһ㣬ϲʱҲڳѵʵַŻҵ𣿶ң֪ΪʲôѾ֪ŮˣȻǴһųªߣǼôֵģ
ݣҪ֪ͨԦݵ˵ġ
޲ûлشߵ飬侲ʥǿҲܣ𣿾ͨ˵õһǵУҲֻܵ裡ңǿеҲҪʥܼ֮Ԧ
ǡ
ƺƱ磬޲һ¾ʹûʲôǣ˵Ӧ˵ϵɣ
һ޲صĻ͵ԣǸǿǸֶİôأ
ݣҵŮ
޲һôҲ֪ܿóͷβûùκİ

ݣ˵޲صı
ݼˣͻȻ̾һðɣףϣܴõһȷĴ𰸡
šַȶ֮ǰѧԺĹַɱһļսʿ飬Ҳ˵ġ
޲ز˵Ļᣬһ˵ȥҿԿ϶ʵԣΪʱһֱϿչ۲ַսȫĹҶɱǸļսʿֶΣҲĿˡ
ʲʲôǼģһıͻȻüΪӣ˵ɱһļսʿ
ǵģҵŮ
޲ĵ˵ͷʲôҲҲӦףϣȻսʿĵȼΪʮʵϣͻƵֻһͨļսʿˮ׼ֻҪӵ˶ǾѾ̥ǣһҲӦף˶սʿûжսʿ֮Ĳࡣ
ݵ˵ͷûм˵ȥףҪǽԼʹöĻַǼʹǹֵԼֵҲֲ˼غϣȻַɱһļսʿ龭Լ׵ȷѾΪʵţڸ̨ȶôһССĵطַԻܸԼ
ڶǴļսʿͻƵ˼սʿҲǴսʿֻҪͻƵսʿˮ׼ϵĻɫͻתΪһεǿʵĶõʵ㣬һҪġ
޲ؽĶŰݣһ£ż˵Ǿǵսʿ֮ὥΧԪصõӦԪħԪزͬԪؿԸı㶷ԣƩ磬زİӵС̱ԣ㵤İӵС١ԣָӦÿ˶ͬȴﵽսʿˮ׼֮ʵ֮ĽͲֻǵǿǿԡڵǾʥˣʥ㻹ȽԶҾͲ˵ˡô˵𣿡
ס˵ݵüͷһ𾪵ɫȻѾ޲صĻв²ʲô
޲صĵ˵ͷַǴսʿĶӵеԣǣȻǻûΪʲôֵԣʼʱҲ벻ͨҾϸ֮󣬾ͽ⡭ݣ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
ΪΪʲôֻоԼڸƺʮǿģһ̣ױԼĸ׿ڻٵ
ַֻѾվڻңɼλãò˶೤ʱ䣬ͻƵսʿˮ׼ͬʱҲӺַΪʲôûж֮ǰսʿŻӵеˣ
ҪԼҲǰǡ
뵽ȴٴθģ
ǣ޲ؽĻȴ׽ݸսģٴλˣΪһħʦ
ħʦһ䣬ɫ˲һ䣺ħʦôѧԺһսʿħʦĵλǿڹ֮ϰ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôҲַǸħһͻΪԭŻѡΪһսʿ
޲زȷҡҡͷһתҲ֪ħʦǶԪӦģߣҲΪħʦӦŻǰսʿŻԡ
ǡףʥݵͻȻϣĹâ
ʥͶˣҵŮҪ꣬ʥҲͲ˷ˡ޲ͻȻһ̾һȻͲ뵱һ߹ħʦ
˵޲ԵúԽ
ڶУͻȻͷο޲صף֪ˣΪˡ
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޲س̾һݵԴҵŮַͨһε飬ҪֵʶԼĲ㣬ҪΪһšĳƺžͱýԴεӦǶѹϣͨļӶñСʱŬڣõŵֺ֮УҲϣʹ˳ȥ𣿡
ҡˡ
ҧҧȻӦ޲أϻǸֳį顣
޲ؿҲҪԼŮתһ¾ܸıģ̾һŻˣݣȥɣסҵĻ츳һ죬Ҳܴﵽʥľ磡

߳޲صķ֮޲̾һϸһ˼飬üͷҲһùַ̾硭ԺܷȥɾͿļûˡ

͵гơʧǵʱ򣬻һ˱ơʧǡ˵д˿ѾЪ˹ķŭ
ˣǸոձѧԺ׼


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׼ǳŭֱַ磬ҪǸļһôᱻѧԺ
ȻѧԺΪչ˺ûн鹫׼ǸоԼȫˣ
õĺүѧԺֱܴ裡
ַһƽݣôܸȣ
һ̣׼гޱߵźģһӣҪַƲ
ڣںԼ֮ĳһЩʵˮЩֱҲһЩݣȻ˼ʲô
ãݺеĹӣ
үʲôԸ
ӦһȥЩϸɸɾһҲһеĽ׳ħʦһ㡣
һ弶սʿʵȥѧԺһҪַͷû׼ɫָͷ߬Ŀֱ졣
׼ү
ȴǿЦһ£ºѾ֪ˣ硭
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Ϸţ׼ɫȴǸޱȣССϴޱߵķŭϵļⶼЩȻ׼еķŭѾﵽһޣ
ҵģǶҵģ
׼ŭһץϵĹ̾ͺݺݵ˵ϡ
ž
Ӧˤ飬Ҳͬʱһͳŵڷ𣺡׼үǹܼҰͷơ
ͷƣ
׼һ䣬ûļ˵ʲô
ү鷿ȥһˡܼҰͷƵƽ
鷿Ҫ̸
׼ԹԵ˵һ䣬ȴЩȻ

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ʱɫѽƻ裬ַʱ򻹲֪׼飬ԼĴרĵڤţͻȻһʹڤ֮˹
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ˣַ磬ѾҵסᵽһˣԺǿɾͻסͬһˡ
˵߽УеĶַЦЦ˵ĺ󱳣ˡ
ûӦֵ̿Цһ£࣬͸Ͻ뿪ˣַ翴ȴһüͷǸʲôѵһסһõĵӷ̫տô
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ǹЦһţȴһŹֵɫҵȻԸסһˣǶڡǣҵĸײ֪ͨʲô;˵㣬ѧԺ񣬾ǵԺһ£ȻҾͰᵽ䷿ˡ
ô˵˼׽׽ңַ粻оЩЦ
׾ôһ˼ɣҸźúýһ¡޹ʼ磺ĻǾ˵ʲôʲôʲôԡ
ǽַ߳࣡üôı񻹺ܲԸһ
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Цһ£ȴͻȻ̾һҵԸסһԺɾͷĶˣǡҿ»øʧˣҲ֪Լôģÿʱ򣬶ûа취ڵڣһûܴﵽһսʿˮ׼
ʲôַ˰һۣ㸸װͽѧԺһ̳֮ľλԺ󣬱ϿԸһЩ𣿡
仰ͻȻ̾һȴʲôû˵
ַ翴һѯʵôѵΪһսʿ
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صһײҳΪһսʿҵȱҵ֮󵽾зۣפġĪšΪǰԤһСٵ죬Ҳ֪ǿһƬɳĮޱȻң˿սھְڼ̳ľλ֮ǰһЩģһЩսͬʱҲܶһԼ
ô˵ǲԸȥˣַˮһ䣬ͽӵݵϡ
ȻԸ׵ÿȴûо
ͻȻŨŨʧ䣺ַ磬˵ǲǺûϢôңȴ
ʵ뷨
ַһεıеˮߵǰĶǰЩ꣺ҡ㵽ôģ
ңôģ
Ȼַһʣһ㶣ƺûзӦַ˼һ죬˵ʵͲ뵱ʲôսʿҲԸȥĪŵһССľ٣ԵĻδ̳и׵ľλҡҡ뷨ǲǺܰ׳հ


ʮ ֪
갢ĻǰεĿ⿴Լַвеǳء
˵ǰ;һƬղİţ׵ʱھзۣ΢еͷԵĻһһԼȼ̳˲ľλһ˵ҲһȨĵ۹س
߸ϵȨ֪жĽ
Ǳ˵ԸĻһΪǷˣ߸ɴͻΪǸ׳գ
ζβĵλȴ˵Ը⣬ⲻǰ׳ʲô
ǣȴַ˰仰
㵽ȥʲô󵨵˵ɣûˣ㲻õĻᱻȥ˵Ұﲻ㣬Ҳһ㡣
ַǵûгЦʮࣺһֱΪÿ˶׷ԼȨȻܶ˵ȴųɳԼʵӰһһĶɱҡ֮УԼϲķʽ˵ѹƴŬţֱĽĶЩʹಢţʹΪԼĵ֣ȴΪĽĿġ
˵ַһϸǺϵһ˿ɣԼһֱãűĽĹȦ֮£ΪʲôԼҧһҧȥԼϲأ˵Ŀʲô㰴Լ뷨ɹʱ򣬵ԭĵĿ𽥱ĽʱֻеʱŻĸо֣ǲ壡ֻеʱ򣬲üÿڱĽĿУԼȴľʹ࣡
ַ˵仰ʹ³еһλҲǾһ֮ſģ磬ϸϸĿǰ֣Լһǻ˱˵ĿûϹѧҲùûһȶĹҲŮѣûзӣûгӣʸûУ
ǣЩôҪķӺͳӣԼΣҪչ˵ʱԼŮȴԼȥһַ̣ЩҪĶȴôиеʹͬʱȴɵϸϸ˼
֮ףİ飬뷿ӺͳûκιϸҲŷ֣Լǰһĺܶ˰Լڣһ˼֮УоԼһ˵۹ⰴԼ뷨ȥޱ٣Լģ
ңһҲ룡
ֻ׵Ӵѹ֮£һԼɱҡ֮С
Լ˱˵Ŀҧ̶Ĺȥ׷Լ룬ȻһҪޱߵָ볰ЦǣһԼɹ֮յĳЦáڣ
ԼʧˣԼҲԵԼ
룬׷ˡ

һλַ˵ˣȴûҵһʵʱ
ڣͬİַ˵Լе뷨
˵λַڸоһΥɣ˵ôָ࣬оЩڿʣοԵİļַߵԣˮݵϡ
ַôһεĽ֮Ȼסˡ
ССͣͺַ绰еĺ壬ǣҲַڿԼڵȻޱȵľᡣ
ʱǸ˴ĺһͷŬԼ½ǣ͵͵ַһַۣԼˮȴĪͻȻӿһַ磬Ҳ뵱һսʿҲ뵱ʲôֻһ½ʫˣ
һ仰˵ĸɴ䣬Ȼ˼顣
ǡ
ۡ
ַպûڵˮȴһֱ˳ˮϽת԰ϸ˿Цõı飺ʫˣ㡢ûиɣ
ַ˼ʫһֱһߵġְҵһԵߣǰо˸һԼϲĸ裬׷Լ룬ܶÿ춼ŶӣȴŽɵһ΢Ц
ȻַǰЩ˸ֵľеΪ壬ַһѾ뿪ѾԼ뷨ţҲһǰᣬǾҪԼĶӣ
ֻȽ˶ӣ׷ʸ
ʫˡܽĶô
ǰĿȵİַвӿһɸӵζ
ã̾һӰĿ⣬ȻҲ֪ʫְҵܲԼĶӣ룬Լ룬ǾǺõġ
ӣ
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СĻͲ֪ǸʲôζſֵѾȻĲȥ⣬ף˼Ͳ죬Ҳûпǵһ㡣
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ַʵĻѡԼߵĵ·˲ײ⣬ȴߵһ·Լδĸı䡣
ַʵǲ֪ʫˡһʲôְҵɡ
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ַţӱܵһŰĳɳʧġ
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к˵ЩЩͣŬ˳ϵ·ƺ·Ǵ˼鲹һǡ˵ز˵еԱ
һüͷû˵ʲôȴ¶һ˿ɡ
ַ翴Աģӿһֵĸо֪ͬһ˼֣첽ǰѺõֻͼȥץסļ򣬲΢ЦãҲѧԱҵַֽ磬Ǳλǰ
𡢱ңҵϺࡣ
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ַüʶ˵һ䡣
ַȷϣ¶ɻĿ⣬΢ǰһϸϸشַ
ַ类һоǲڣüʵʲôΪʲô϶ҿ
㡢㡭
һЩֲڵַָָ磬Щȷַ𣿡
ַٰεЦЦѵ㻹ѽַҸоֵӦòиİɣ
ǣûʲôѡ
Ͻҡҡͷȴɻ飺ɡǣǶ˵ַȭȭվˣ㡭
ꡪ

δ˵꣬һõİȴ̲סЦ
׵İ˲׽࣬Ҳʱȴ˷գǰָһԵַЦ㣬ַ籾ˣǲǸоʧЦˡ
ַı飬ȴѾ˲ˡ


㿴ĺ£
žƬ̣ŭַ˾ԼӣҵӢȫٵˣҲʰʰ㣬Ͳַ֪ǲǴүǡ溺ӣ
ַۣ۸ˣһವһͳȥ
ҺҾеַ׷ǰȥһסͣһֻȾͰǰǸʱõĶѰ˵ϡ
ءڵϵİַסֻܷͣ
ҳҥԣû뵽ȴѧԱ֪ˡַݺݵıŰ͸ϽȥҳףҺò׽Ĺɲô
֮͵ͷȴԻһ˿Ц⡣
һԵѾôסˡ
ķֱϻ·֤ǹ壬ַ·ȴֻһƽĴš
ʲôʱһƽ԰һ尴ڵأҰڳһݺݵģˣ
һ˲䣬ٶȶַӿޱȵľ壡
ȻֻһʱĴ

ͷַȻҲ˰еЦ⣬ҲüȥɿŰ͵ƣߵǰɵĺһǧҪ̫ˣԺͬһĺˣȻļªȴҲడңҲҪʲôԱܳΪѧԺһѧԱѾܳɹˣ
˵仰ַϸһ΢ЦǰһƺҪӵӶ֤Լ˵Ļα
ַǰȴĺһͷ֮⣺ҡǵһҡҵĸĸūԣûʸӵûʸǳɡΪѡ


ʮ ū֮
ĸĸǡū
ַ粻üͷĴȻ㸸ĸūôˡðôΪһģУȻѾһɵƽˣԺͲҪôԱסÿʵƽȵġ
ַȻСûйүݣϷϼʮ굱УҲںۡūһūÿ춼ȴֻһٳԲķ
ǸҿڽĻᱻȥʹһ٣һʧ֡ˣĵطûУңūΪܵǵܶݣʹ˺ӣôǵĺҲΪūﴫȥԶѲūˡ
ʱūǼʹܵõһŮū𣬵ȴΪû㹻ʳӣԣūǵĺҲкپܳɻġ
һһİȥū˿ԽԽϡ٣󣬹ֻܱ뵽һ취
Ϊʶԣ嶼ʼƴūĺӣƴķǽǡȦֱЩӡȦĲ࣬Ͷ롭ʹã
ЩȦ֮гڴС˼䣬ǾѾ϶ԼˣܿͻǸĸġңΪСĻҲΪĸſÿȴԲӡ
˵ԺūΪҸʱ׵ʱˣһ󣬵ȴǵľͽһľ
ַǰ˼Ӱ죬ѽĽ׼ƶȣԣ˵ÿ˶ƽȡ仰ʱûиоʲôףڶУȴͲˡ
Եüͷֻǿַۣûж˵ʲô
ȴһʹϸһ˿֣΢΢죬岻ͣشַ֮УҲǹŹ֡
ǿˣҡҵĸ׺ˣҵĸסǰӻܵĿо˹ү֮˲ξȥˣ˾͸һݣҲҲƴң⡢һΣ˻˽ҵѧԺģ˻˵ȡұҵ֮󣬾ү̡
֪ΪʲôַϸܵһɼǿѹԾַһ仰ַĳᶨ񣬻ǰѹԼ鶼ԭԭ˵˳
Ȼ˵ļΪ򵥣ַͰҲһµӡַа̾һǰһ֣صЩ鶼ȥˣѾƽˣңԺһ𾴵Ĺǰ;һƬԣһҪԱĹ⻷ժ㶮𣿡
ҡҲ֪ͷҡҡҺһʧʧ
һеģԼƾԼʵΪѧԺʽһԱѾɹĵһˡ
ַ糢ٴǰߣһֻļϷȥͬʱ㿴λǲĳӰղϷһĻҲˣȻ壬ֻһƽ񣬵㿴ǵĹϵã
ַһ˵ţһСĽַļϣһΣû㣬ַȴƷϵһ˲䣬Եĸоһĵ̾һ֪鲢һʱתģֻһһ㷢ߵ˰ߡ
ַһλʱüͷѾʵĻȻῴһЩƽ񣬵ȴҲоЩŹ֣ūĶˡȻѾΪ񣬵ȴһʱӦ
ϾСҲūڻӰ֮£ūֻһߣûʲôڸУһͻȻԼѣ٣ĿǰǺѽܵġ
ַô׽ȫΪַʵڣĵ֮ģַ֪δĻǰ;ΪЩŷſ˹ļӣַһƬġ
ǣ࣬ҲǸСˡ
뵽üͷӽˣַԼֻǿһ˿Цݣãǰ۹˲ĳӡ
ҡҽ
ԣһĹ壬Ǿм̳ȨĲӣһ˲両˼ѹҲӽ
ȴǶҲЩΪȻַӣǿջЦһ䣺㲻ҪţԺ󶼻һԺͶǺˡ
ϵǿַһ۱Ϳ˳ĵײ̾һ仰ŻǽŵȴЩãȻˣֹһ䣬Žָһ̣֮г˽֮⣬һ˿ᶨȻδǾ仰ġ
ûע⵽ֹʲôַȻע⵽ֹȴû壬ѯ˵ʲôȴٶȴŵ
ˡ
Ƿ䵽ѧԱڿԽȥ𣿡
֮дżᶨûʲôоַȴͷһ
Ϊƺʶģ


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ʱַЩԾûѯʵʱ򣬷ȴʱӦƿˡ
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ǰ˴Ż󣬷յϴһ˿ۣȥʮӣַԼ֣Ҳʶĺַ֡
磬㣬̫ˣ
һ̣ڰûзӦʱַͷǰıȶȴһ󲽳˶ԷȻʹӵһͬʱ˵ˬʵĴЦ
üͷһ壬ĴһǸбȶ꣬һţһ壬ǣַȴΪʲôֽˡ硱أַ硭ֻһƽ
һ˲䣬ĵӿɻ
磬Ȼ֪ѧԺû뵽Ȼֵһᣬ̫ˣ
ַ˵ɿ˻еıȶߵߣ磬Ҹһ£λǵ۶˲ĳӡλǡ
Ǻãǵ۶֮ӡȶܸʶǡ
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ãղַҲܹˣҾͲҽˡ˱ȶһ񣬵ȴתַϣɻĿڵַ磬ô£
֪۹ҲֻһǾ׼ĸףԼ׵Сɭ
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һֱ̣оԼԴˣ
ʲôô£ȶûͷûԵһ䡣
ȻûпڽϣȻҲɻ顣

ַԼȥǳ̾һҲ¶һʧ䣬תŹϣԽԽɻĿ֮УߵԼĴһ˵Ҷɣһ˵
˴Ųͬɻַ紲ַ֮㿪ʼԼĹ¡
Ķ棬ȶĬȴҧ촽ַһһ˵ݣɫʼùŹ
Ҿ˵۹ıѧԺ֮С
мḶַ́ȥԼħʦʵһɾʹ˹ȥΪ֪˿λߵħʦͲмȥһսʿЩַҲѿͣ˲á飬ַһ飬ַ絹ʵ˵˳
˵һЩͽĿ˰ϣ֮дһ˿Ǹ⣺֮Խѵ׼ҲȫΪ㣬󲿷ֵԭȴΪоƽһͳݵĴȴһ׼׳յĸ磬ҲŻ̲סֽѵġ
˵䣬ַͽŰһʼͲðԼȴ͸¶ԼݣҲûа취ֱͣڣȶĵʹݰ¶˵Լʵݡ
ڣ˵ʵ֮һҪģǰ̬ȣ
üͷзǵûиĵɫǹһ˿ů΢Цַ磬ллҽʵ㣬ݣȷǲø֪ģһΪ㱣ܵģллôҡ
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ַһһ̣ߵıȶϼĸ磬ӵͳݣȴûп˽ӣСʱ򣬸Ͷչ˺ܶ࡭
˵ַϲɵ¶ůЦݣǵԼСʱ򣬵ԼԼĸÿܵϹܼϣ֮ʱȶͻǰѵϹܼңԼ֮ÿֻһʱ򣬱ȶȥԼĵһЩԵĶԼĸ׵ÿգĺѻ
ȻȶַͬĸȻȶĸҲδַĸ࿴ȶȴδй֮Լ׵ַܵչʼһַĸӱϳŵʱֹ飬ֻĸ׵ѹûнִ
ַ˶ڱȶЩм֮⣬ףȶСһҪǿˣȻΪĸײֺĶ䵽ϼңԼСȴŬţͼԴˣڵ۶ĺע⡣
ǣϼҾ뷱ĵ۶ʵ̫ԶˣȶϹܼҵĹϵ̫ãÿϹܼͨŵʱ򣬿϶ҲдһЩڱȶĺû
ԣںܾ֮ǰַ֪ȶѧԺ
ȶѧԺĿģͨúע⵽Ĵڣ
˵ȶһֱŬȴΪΧĻãûбǸ׳յ׼ôᱻصأ
˵ַ֮Գֽѵ׼ҲһЩΪԼ򱧲ƽ˼
ȶֵܸͬһᣬȴǳַ֮ˣ


ʮ Ӱ
֮Ϊַ̹棬˵˺ܶڱȶչ飬԰˵֮䣬ԱȶĺøбַĹ£ַͶ·»ȻȻԼĵ·ĵȴǵõĳһ㣬ҲһеԱ˵̸˵䡣
˵Ĺϵڵһξ֮ʱͺڣ֪ȴôĵҹ֪˭Ķȡࡱһ죬ҲǴȾһ㣬һһġࡱ
ԭһʱѾ˻ƻ裬Ͷģûע⵽ʱţ˿һɫ㶼鲻ԽŶ໥ɵЦ
ܿ찢˽͵֮У˱߳ԱģĵһЩͶĻ֮ʱȫЦտһʱ䣬СС֮Уܰ
ڼ䣬ĵĹڡַ紿үǡһλȶɻ˵һ䣺ʱЩѧԱûУʱλǸʱҾͻ㣬Ͼ㣬Ҳû˻ôֵˣȻ˵㡮ȭվˣǱϾûм㣬ȴ֪ġʵʼʱҲû뵽Ļ㣬û뵽ǸСֻж̶һ겻ɱһļսʿѧԺŰС㡭
˵ȶԵЩҰܣѾʮˣַǴ꣬С̿˽죬ѾսʿʵȻ֮ͬǳַͣ㲻ʲô
ǰҡҲܺ棬Ϊʲôô㵽ôİ
ȶ˵⣬ʱҲȤͬ꣬ʮ꣬˱ȱȶҪһ꣬ͱȶѾ˶սʿʵȻͬ˱ǲַȴûȵġ
һ˵ʱҲȤǰҲ֪ôģʶ㿪ʼڷﲻȥûжڷﻹ𣿡
˹ͬͶĻĿ⣬ַȴ˳õĳĬ֮УﶼоЩΣô˵ѵֱӸտеĵǿ壿
˿¸ӡʲô֪
ַ粻ǹҴţֻǿ޷ͣǣעַ֮Ż̧ͷȸ˳һǸ΢ЦȻ󣬲źƤ˵һ䣺ٺ٣ʵҲûʲôؾҪ֣͹츳̫ˡ˯ܽ١
˵䣬ַ硰ಡһȥ


ַ硰Ϊ޳ܡĻش˶˺һţ˱Ǳַˣˣһ̣ڰһַ֮绹ûܳ⣬㱻һӵϵֱӰ˵ϡ

ʵϣҲֻǶַġšеѣǹַ˼Ͼÿ˶Լʽе飬׵˵أ
ԣַش𣬲ûи˴κεĲҶûַ˵ʵȻҲ˵֮С
ֻǸͲַ֪粻ǲ˵Ǹû˵
֮һ󣬲ŸԻصԼĴϣ˯֮С
ַ磬ƽȵĺȴǻһůܰĳͻʱ⣬ʱҲǾġ
ֻǶõʱԶȥʱϤĳȴٴµ˵õĸо
Ըһֱȥ
ĬĬһ䣬ַ紵ϵ͵ƣڤ״̬֮С

ڶ죬ɫûʱѧԺѾһƬ֮УѧԺĲɽ˺ϣ˿̶Ѿվ˲ˣһ죬˶ĺ磬ַһҲľѧԺĲ֮С
Ϊһ죬ǱѧԺÿһεѧһ죬еѧԱҪ̨Լ
ʵÿѧûô֣֮Ի̶֣ܴΪַԭ
ַ밲ݵļսܶѧԱǣҲеѧԱĿˣ֮еվλñȽƫûַܿȫòΪԶûַܿ밲ս龰
УѧԱͱȶ֮⣬ѧԱַ֪ʵòǶַӡֻͣڡȭվˣϣλʮһܻļսʿݵţǿ˵ڴѾˣ
ңҲڴַҽܣǶַžľŻʮһ;ʹﵽ˳̶ȵģ
˵һοѧֵ龰ȫΪַһˣ
ַ籾ˡȴڲһǣ˰Χмĳе͡
ʱѾ


ʮ ŵ粨
Ȼкܶ˻ַ֪糤ʲôӣϾвʶġ
ڸղţѾַŮף߰˸СѯַǷԸ⵱ǵ߸ɴػʿȥѾʮѧԱַܹԵķǲǸǳԵĲһ
ַЦõȴһ绪󣬻ŨױȥʮŮˣ֪ʲôʱַԱߣҽһ֬۵յַǰĵַһۣȻЦС˧磬ٸһ

ЩȺַһڱͻؾˣһ֪ð޸ˡʲôЦСүȻһ塱ϣֻʮһ갡
˵ĺӳַһǸҪö࣬ǣַãʮһǸɶҲ̫˰ɣ
ǣַֻܡء˵İΧȦ֮Уٽʣµʳ
ͷԵʱͻȻԱߵİȵĺһ䣺С㣬ַʲô飿
ַĿȥͼһСݺݡĿԼ
ַ磬ֳŵģ
˵䣬㽫İӸȦеַ磬Ȼתߡ
ַӹеİоһûż򿪣վ׷Ű˹ȥһ£С㡣
ʲôݱַסͣ½Ųתعͷһ߿ħȺ͵ͬħʮĽҶǸħҴˣмһǧһٽңһǧöңһŴһҵħܹһһǧңһһҶʮ
ħһƷʵļֵͲһͨӵеģҪ;ǴңϾҲģһļֵ˾˵ĳ̶ȣ¹ǵĽңͼΪӣ磬ݸַһһǧʵ壬ռõĿռ估ϣһ˾ܴġ
ԣڵ۹Ĵ֧֮£ʿħеַһпȻʵĽҶ˵۹µ̻֮С
ħִƷ˵ĽϵѾڳ졣
ħһУ͵õĺȻѾǺ֮ǰˡ
ħСΪһңһҾֻܶһʵ壬ϾħҲΪ߰ȻħѵƶȣСΪһҲͲˡ
ԣħڵһַȥϸ飬ֻҪðڵһǧңǾͿˡ
ڰΪʲôûаѰһǧͬħؾǹԼһ۾ͿӵһһǧĽˣϾһħһңԼŰݣȥ̻̽ֻҪһǾͿˣԼһöҵĻǰݵӿɾʧˣ
ԣݹһǧҵʵ壬Ҳǳʾġ
ַ統ȻСΪݻƭԼʲôݣƭԼô
ңһǧҵʵ壬ַҲ˰ݺ⡣
ǣַȻ뷨
С㣬ˡ
ַһȥһߴӰóǸħȣȻҲһۣͽֱݵ˹ȥϸ֣صɫС㣬֮һᣬʵҲûκ˼ֻǵ֤ԼѣȻҵĿѾﵽˣҲǽˣңһһǧҲһСĿ㻹ջȥɣֻûҵħȾͿˣҵ˼ǡϣ֮ᡣ
ЩַͿǺˣʵϣɱеϣϰʾôһ֮Ѿ鶼֮󣬱һ亹
̫³çˣԺȫԳֹ飬ϾԺΪԼƽȥŮǶݵһ裬˵ܰˣ֮ûгֹΪԼһε飬ðмŬĶ
˵ԺΪѾ棡
ԼŵļĨȥ棬ѾѧԺֻЩԼǰ;ѾˣԼһһǧң˵Щʶ̧ˣ
һһǧҲһСĿ㹻ܶ˺úõĹһˣȻҶԺ˵㲻ʲôóһһǧңô޲ؿ϶֪ģ
Ϊ飬޲ѾΪʧ棬һһǧңȻںҲ
ַ֪ԼѾõǾѾˣ׼þյĵʥʵԺ֮ûκεĳͻԼҪأ
ңһһǧҿԼҲò̰һһǧĽң粻ҪԺһõӡôԼԺѧԺҲ˳˳ˮģ˵ΪԺһӡԼԺѵʱ򣬻ܵõԺһЩ
ԣĸǶ˵һһǧңַѾҪˣڣûǸħȣѾ֪ˡȻһҲòħȡ
ַĻȴһ£Ŀַһȴһ˿ŭ
ԭһųªӱЩŤַųϵĵײɵӿһǿҵķŭ
߰ľܾԼֳŵʲô˼ôɨز˵Ҫô
һ˲䣬ֻļһǿҵίͻȻ˦ַݹַ纰ַ磡Ұݲ䲻ˣ㲻ôң


ʮ ɫ
˵䣬ͷҲصתͳ˲
ȫڳֿ֮ԼȥһܵԼᣬʹ˦ȥ֮󣬲һͷԵ˴ϣ
оԼڣûôίΪַ磬Ѿһű˱˼ЦĶ󣬶ң⻹Ǹɶַ磬ȻȻһαľܾԼֵĳŵ
ݾԼֱͱַ˸ף
űʹãڸоԼ΢һЩᣬȴЩճĸо
ӷԼǰʱ򣬱㷢ԼһűΪªߣѾ֪ʲôʱˮһţ˿ھӳգȴ֮ɫ
ȻȥЩۣɵҲܿһӣ
֬һ۵ձˮЩףĴ۾ŵãȻĽëϻһ˿飬ͦı֮£һű촽΢΢ſžеԼ૿ڵĸף㵽ģΪʲôڶʮ֮ǰҪһųª߲ܼء
˿̣֮С
ݴڵصİɢһصĽңʱַͰæʰŵϵĽң֮Уѻȸ
ò͵ѧԱĽַϣڸղŷ飬ҲȻǸ㲻֮䵽׷ʲôɢһصĽңȴǿУ
졭ǵжٽҰңЩ֮У¶һźɫƿƬĶ
ܶ˶֪Ǿħ
ȻѧԺеСǲ٣ĻƽħǲʶһصĽңȴǴһɾ޴Ӿ
ѧԱǵľȣַȴѾֻڿԼܵԺȴ˰ݵܣݷŭ˦֮ʱַʶԼΪѾ˺˰ݵġ
㣬ʰЩң͸ϿȥҰݣ˵᲻òԽԽ
ַ˼ôʱȴԼͻȻһַôɲԽһ˵
仰ַüͷһ壬תҪܾʱȴоǸѾԼĶߣĲǵ۶Խҡˡ

Լʲô
ַһ£ţһ
ͨ׼鵽Լô
һַ̣пʼӿϼĸȱܵʮۣ·һ̣ٶǰ
ߺߣô
ЩͻȻַֻһͨʮСڵѾʧˣ
ַľȻҲǲͣӿȴûбϡ
ɫվתĴ˵
ֻ촩һص·ûдκףһԲԲɢŵº͵Ц⣬ֻǣ˫ȴܱ䣬Цţ˿Ҳû˿ڻĺۼһ飬ȥٶЩ졣
ַоƺûʲô⡭
ı飬ַвЩƣԼѵ˺Ķ׼һΣɱһļսʿľٶںĶ⣬Ȼûж֪ԼЦӭ
ѵԼףǸŰ񲻳ɣ⣬ֺǺǵɵЦ
Ȼ׳յͷַֻһͲӰȻΪʲôԼһƣҲף϶ֱԼ⻹ֺǺǵˡ
һַ̣뵽һԣ
ǾǺѾԼݣ֪Լ˽ӣֻϵܵõֵĽ͡Цӡ֡Ҳûʲôеһûзֵţв˵ģ
ǣֻĹ򣬺ͲԼô
ַвеɻЩͷҲֻһ˲ĵ׻ѣһͻ̾ʱ˹ڰݵ顣
ַı飬Ȼԡ
ҪǺ«ʲôҩ
ַͬ⣬΢Цıû˿仯һֻ첲һĽһָ̧˹ȥ
ַüëһȥ
ʱҲ飬УһСһļ򣺡˭ַô͸أ
Ҳ֪ĳҪַɣС벻ַۡһҡҡͷȴѾƮַԶȥǸ
ȶȻҲǿˣһɻİһЩЩɻĵʵ֪Ǹ˭ѵַʶ
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ʮһ 
ַߵһƧĽ䣬˵ַѯ𾴵֪ʲô飿
ðĴţȴǸ
Ȼһ˿΢Цȥȴô䣬ȶַǷһȻż˵Ŀģ˴ģַȥۡͣѯһ˼
ַͣü֪ƽСʲô飿
ַصǿˡƽ֣ôĿģ˵Ͽһ˼
ǣ˵ıȴ˿ûκα仯ֻǽҴڴʲô飬ǾͲСС֪ˡ
䣬ַ粻Щʧȴǲɫĵ˵ͷǾˡ
˵ɫûж仯˵ĿѾϣַܾʱֱַȥֻۡҪ֣ͻ֪ġ
ŶÿˣھͿԸһߡַεЦһЦҲ֪ΪѧԺѧԱǲѧԺģ룬ң϶˳߳ѧԺ
ڵ֪Լһַ̣Ѿƽ߳ѧԺֻԭ֮һԭѾȲˣ
е֪ԼʲôĿģ
ǣڲ˵ע֮£ַһ߳˲ѧԺԺŷȥ
ʱַѾ˸˽һ
ȶַ˽ԶıӰһüͷߵİַǸȥģ
Ҳ֪
ַȥıӰüͷͬɵ˵䣬ͻȻתͷߵıȶһҸȥ
˵䣬ѾʰϽҵİ˱ȶĻУĳַȥķȥ
ȶߣ˼ɫһͻȻİĻţҲȥ
˵ţ˵ʲôһ̵Сܸȥ
װҵİΧ۷׷׵İȺʱЩ޴룬վԭغһĵͻȻһ˿ţȻһӳȥķ׷ȥһ߻ȡȵҰҲȥ
ѧԺһʽѧԺѧԺѧԱǹ廹ƽû£ֻÿηżٵĻ뿪ѧԺ飬ҲҪǰһйԱõ׼֮󣬲У
ңУʱҲ޵ġ
һһڵġ
Ǿַ
һλڵ۹Щһλ֤ǿԴѧԱ߳ѧԺģȻַ磬ں˳ʾַ֮ܿ͸뿪˱ѧԺֻ¿ŵֿļغ⡣
ַȻѧԺԺϲûıע˽ǻģϾѧԱѧԺ֪ģңһλһλ֤ѧԺҲѧԱİȫ⣬˵ҲǱѧԺǱˡ
ֻǣѧԺһЩǣƽмַõִģ
ԣַ˸ոΪһ֮󣬸ַİˣͱŴֿ˸
ֻվѧԺſڴַﳤȥ
۶ȥıӰڰȴһ˿ĪӰӡ
ССϵɫÿȻһ˿ɣȴ˼ɫ
˲֪ȴַѵ׼飬ʱַ֪Ǻ˽ӣַļദȴҲַϿһַȻССҲǸĺȴܾãַһȥǺٻˣ
Ҳ֪ԼΪʲôô룬ܾãڴñ£ȴӿͻӿ
ȶȥıӰ۵ȴȻĸһȣϸļᶨ飬Ҳ֪ĵףʲô
ֻбŰЩӵһ˿š
ˡǡǸô죿
˰죬˵ôһ仰ͬʱʹĵ˵װҵİ𰢶ע⡣
죡澿жٽҰڿǵһμҵģ
һƲӲӵɫоѣ
ȻȥɣַİȰţҪϵһҼ취ҸѧԺ˵
ССϳ˼ᶨ



ʮ ۡ
ѧԺѵϣʱɽ˺ʱ̣ѧԱѧԱѾ˴˴ѧԱǵ鼤ѧԱǵϸǴޱ˷ܵ飬ڶ̸ŹַĻ⣬ЩѧԱѧԱַĳ࣬ǶףǸȭվˡַ羿ʲôӡ
ЩѧԱȴ֪ǿеǣʱѾ뿪˱ѧԺңַ֮⣬Ӱݣûгѵϡ
Ժ޲غѧԱϯϰشʱڸ̨ϵһ仪İ֮У̸۵ѧԱǣһЩ޹ؽҪĻ⡣
޲صĿ⣬ȴȺ֮лζšȻѰʲô
֣֣ش磬ûпݺַ磿
޲һѰ˵ӰһԵϰ˵һ䡣
ϰüϸȺѰһʶҡҡͷûˣ˴ε֮ôֵȻΪַǸСӣСǻûдӱܵӰ߳ԲԸַǸСӳʣûμӵ񡣡
֪޲ص˵ͷǣַΪεǣڻûг֣ǲǾе˵ȥˣ
ˣٵȵȰɣСӾϲٵϴθСʱҲһ̲ŵġϰؼ޲ɣϽȰ˵һ䡣
޲ص˵ͷûټ˵ȥ

ʱַ˵֮УѾ˴ϣÿȴüͷչϣǴһ˿ŭ
ﲻͬ߳ѧԺ˵ǽô죿ȶڴƽ֡
Ҳ֪̾һĵǹΣиǿܼܲԴУܸоַһȥʲô顣
ǰҴС˽ַԸϹܼϣ̬ȣμ˸סȶûм˵ȥɫЩżȴûκΰ취
С͸ĸסϼңѹͲʶȻһĺүݣȴҲֻǱϵģ׼ӵеȨһûУҪȻҲѧԺڴĴˡ
ȴͷַİЩԼ˫֣һ̾Ϣģ죬ȴû˵Щʲô
ȻŻڴŵıȶͻȻһҧᡱһվУҾ취ǽҲóȥڴҶѵϲμѧĵطӦòǿ
˵ţȶ㼱Ҵҵĳȥ
ȶ嶯һקסѧԺΧǽʮ׸ߣһ𻹲Χǽһ룬ôȥңҪǱ˾ͻõĿѧԺʱô죿
ȶסˡ
ҡ
ȶ̾һЩӣһĸоΪúע⵽Լòײͨ˳ΪѧʽһԱȻǲԸĻᣬǣ뵽ܻܿ嶯ַ磬ﲻһ˿꣺Ǹô죡
Ҳ֪ǧҪ嶯Цһ䣺ַֻˣϣַƽɡ
˵䣬ڶʱֻع鵽ƽ֮С
ڣһֱڴϵȴ̧ͷһۣ죬˵ҡи취

ѧԺ۶ĺۡԶһ˱ַ˺ǰĴ֮£ַܿ˺鷿֮С
ʵĵһַܵһɾµŵĸоۡԺСԣֲһЩַвĻݣŮĵ޼ЩݣһĻȥΪг
Ժм䣬һɽɽˮɽĳЩǳһЩ̦ԶԶȥַһʻĸо
ɽ龰Ů޼ݵ龰ںһ𣬲ɵһɱܰ
ַ鷿·ϣַܵŨĳϸоŴڸۡԼŮˣַᵽе͡
ɸоİΧ֮£ַ˺鷿֮С
鷿쳣ϵĳЩ۵ĽǶɫȴıʯһƬ֮ͭɫ·µĳַ翴Ī
һ鷿ַȻһɴƺһ̣æµ龰鷿Զ档
˿һַ磬۵׸һ˿ײݣȴûбʾʲôֻǵַϢһ£ȥˡ
˵䣬ַͷȥ˷ţʱ鷿֮Уֻʣַһˡ
ߺַԭƽͻȻӿΪĶӣԼӦִܵɣ
ǣΪԼĸֻһŮԼܲκδͶڽͷˡ
һַ̣ޱѹ֣֪ڻǳ嶯ʱ


ʮ 
ַŬѹסзӿĴǰ鷿
ܵ˵鷿ݣǾǡ
֮дżԼһЩһ㽫鷿ݻԵø⾫£֮л͸¶һ£ַһ͵ĸо
һŷһųľ˹ȥ
ԼƨµųΣַԿóųľϵȵĺľɵģֺľʼӲҪȴʯҪӲ٣ȴһȱ㡪ȴǳŻ
ֻҪһմϣӾͻһ˲ȼܴ𣬲ȼմĲݣǽݽˮ֮УҲֹȼյĻ棬ּΪĺľҲһּΪϣҪַһЩ鼮ϲӵĲʡ
ںľϣֻһֺôǾԪ
ɭޱȵĹ壬ֻҪÿ쾲ںһӣܸĺô
źε֮ϵżΪµĻƣЩƼԼ֮͸¶һɴַԵһҲҲܿóƱȻǳ֣֮ϾҪڼӲĺľϵ̳˾µĻƣͲһʦõġ
ңΪ˸źηĶ˺ֵĩˣǶϵȵİɫʯֱʯΪʯҲϣֲƷþڸŸʯǶ֮ϣͿںεı渲һ㣬ʱƣʯͻģԼµĹ򣬾ܽһŸʯ׵ĸɾȻ󣬾ֻٻµĸʯˡ
ַϿ˵һŸʯļ۸൱ٽңʵݳ֮ľӼϾµĻƣҲǧңһӣܶͨƽһӵˣϵĸʯҲһ˾ĵġ
ȴΪһԪӾͻ˶ĽңַпƸͬʱҲһŭ
ԼĸΪԼһڷ㱻ƵƹԼĸ鷿еһȴȵͨƽһӵĲƸ
ɾôһǮƵĸףȴûʹԼԼĸһ䣬һʺûУ
ƨµĺľΣַвһаͷ
ģôҲô̵ɣ
뵽ַӿռָһذףһӶ˵ǿŸʯȴҡҡͷ˼Ƭ̣㳭ذ׳ӷԵĸʯжȥ
˵ǿ̫ԣжȥҲᱻһ۷֣ԵĸʯͳַĿꡭ

˿̣ѧԺַ˵֮С
ʲôʲô취˵
ȶһ¾ǰż˵һ䣬Ҳһϲ漴ԣߴٵʲô˵
ҡҡ
˵ľٶһµ˵ҡǲǿɡȥԺˣ
Ժˣʲôȶüͷһ壬ɵ
ԴӳҲûбעһˣ˶Լɵõͷַ졢϶áõԺ˵ӣҪǰѡַʧٵϢ桢Ժˣϡ϶Ѱַ֡İɡ
Ǳ˶ЩţԽ˵ԽͣͷҲĸˣ˵ҲЩ
УȶҡҡͷԺʲôݣôϼܱ֤һǣַǸţͱ֤Ժ˿Ϊַȥһ𣿡
ˣǸţ
ȶ෴ͻȻЦ˷ܣ˵ʹӵһ£˷ܵǿͨСȥԺҪǰСȰ˵ԺԺ϶ǵģ
ˣȶȴüͷ壺СַĹϵҲַ֪粻ŵñˣڿַ綼ôأ
ٺ٣ȶͲˡ˿ã㲻˽ⰲСƢ˺ˣ˵ˣȥҰС㣬ͲҪȥˣַ籣İɡ
ȱȶûףһŷ첽ȥֻ±װҰһˣڴϣؿ⣬ƺûлع
֮Уȴһ˿ãŹֵһ䣺˵ţ
ʶ§˻еİջãĿ⣬˻аһ֮Уڸһ˿ᶨ

鷿֮УжȥŸʯַڸоƽһ㣬ذףĿȴĴţƺڴ鷿оʲôֵǮС⣬ʱ
ˡ
ͻȻŵַһͻʶĽذ׷Ž˿ռָС


ʮ 
ַ翪ڽѾ˽ֻ󣬻һ˵ͷһ̶̣Ϸ˸ʽˮ
ַǱǸϸһ˿Ǹ⣺˲֪ܹһͳȥˣѾ˽ϢȥͨˣŴ֪ܸ֮ܿϻģҽ׼һЩˮַá
˵꣬˾͸˴һɫ˱ϵˮڷŵ档
ллͷˡַĵһϸϽһ䡣
΢ЦҾͲַˣһᰲڷ⣬ַʲôĻ֪ͨͿˡ
ַ΢Цͷͬ⡣
˺˳ȥַڷһһ䣺ô
˵䣬Ҳ֪ʲôأ̾һǰһǰǸѵˮݵǼʹһ£Ÿпһ䣺һǹ

ѧԺݵķ֮С
ʱݳªϵļ⿪ʼȻѾŭ˼㡣

ݴһªǷŭ֮ɫȥףΪǸַ磿ǹˣ𣿡
С㣬Ӳ֮Ǹ˲֪ʲôԻַ磬ѧԺַαȥ϶Ϊ׼飬㻹ǵַɱһļսʿļսʿ׼ȥģ
һ֮ɫַ粻ѵ׼һ٣ɱһļսʿɾǺݺ˺⣬ҪַѧԺҶַα˴ѧԺ¾׶༪ˣڣҲֻԺܾȻַˣС㣬㡭
ʲôͻȻһ˰Ļʲô£
С㣬ÿѧԺҵ֮ǰ֤ЩѧԱİȫǱѧԺΣʹһ֪ⲢذС飬Ժ˲ʱ̵عעÿѧԱ飬ΪѧԺѧԱѵͲԺ˷𣿿ҰС㣬Ժ˵Ů
ǳȥݴһݺݵָЦ򡭡ͱҲˣ
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ȶŰݷŭģʹһһ仰û˵Ϊַ磬ΪĸǺͰﲻַһæַܸ˵ûʱҪַ˵ĻǾͱȻ˺ԣȻҲַܹİȫǣȴΪַ˵һû
ȻףĹ׵ģңúע⵽Լء
ǻǻȥİ취ɣȶȰ˵˰һ䣬̾˿˵Сǲǵˡ
ͷ˼Ƭ̣ϸһ˿ŹֵЦݣıȶļһŭĴ˵ãȶߡ
˵䣬Ҳһۣת߳˰ݵķ䣬ҴԵıȶ˵ߣҾ֪ĳЩ˵ļرǿñ˱ߣȶԼȥԺ
Ȼ˵ߣȴ˱ȶһ£ͣԭأȴݵķӦ
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ǣ˵仰֮󣬰ݵķҲûдʲô̾˿Ҳ
ѵԼ´˲ɣ
ˣǻԼȥԺɣȻԺһǣܵԡȶҲ˰⣬ݵķûκηӦʱҲסһͳ
ðɣǻȥ԰ɡ̾һ˵һ䣬˱뿪˰ݵѵϱȥ
Ҳ뿪֮󣬰ݻӷ˳
ȥķиһɸӵɫһ૵ѵҾڼô
һ仰Ǹпɻ

ѵ̨ϵİ֮У޲ؿ̨ҽܵһѧԱĬĬԣ侲˿κα飬̨ΧɨһȦȴɵüͷߵϰصش磬ЩѧԱϾͽԼˡҲַ֣㻹ȥ׳ʲôɡ
ԺԵƬ̣ȥַῴһ¡˵䣬ϰؾͳȥһ߻һţСӲ˯ͷ˰ɣ



ʮ 鷿еĹ
ԺİڵλüΪ⣬ᱻԺ˸̨֮һΪƫƧĵططƫƧȸ̨߳ʮײֹңִִѵͲͬһ·Ժԭ򣬾Ϊ˲ѵϵһЩӵԽ̨ɧԼ
ÿԺٰʱ򣬻ϼֹһЩɧС塣
ϰ뿪᲻ãͱȶʹŴ˰֮ǰ˸ǰһӭǰСһʲô
ˡ
ŬĴ˲֮ӰλǺ֮ӱȶǶǱѧԺѧԱԺˡ
ˣǸϽ뿪
Ȱ˵껰ͲͷĻ˻֣ЩҪֺù˵Сҿɼˣ
ǣǡ
ȶϽǰͣ˵ûһ䣬ȴֱ̧еĳңָȶˣСһǸϽ뿪ǴĶӣڹ˵Ҳһġ

ȶ̲ס̾һŰԶȥҾ֪ͼԺˡ
ûӦȵԶ˼ضŰλãƺ˼Ҫܼ޲ء
˵뿪˰ķΧͲڶˣȶһۣЩżĴߴٰ˵Ǹô찡
ڿǡ
̾һضŰλãͻȻһϲ뵽ʲôͻȻɤӴ󺰵Ժˣַˡ
䣬˱ϣĳῴȥ˵˺һ֮ȴûһ㷴Ӧ
ԺˣַˣȾɡ
һûʲôӦȶ㳶ɤӺһ䡣
ɺ޶
ڰ׼ʱһȴ˱𣺡ǸĲ⣬ǴǶȾǺƺҲġ
һתͷȶЩɻĳ˵С㡭㣿
ʲôңһǿҽȥɡ
˵䣬ݱͷҲصĳȥ˵һϲ
ܽᣬͱԼԺԺŮԴ죬ȻҲҶȻ˶װΪʲôǰһ̬ȼȴԼ˻ǽȥ
С㣬ǱǸ֮ǰ㷿ſڵĻ
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䣬һ㶣֮˵Ǿ仰޷Ǿ̼һ£ȴû뵽ݾȻ㡣
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ͣ½ŲһǡǲַڱϵģҲֻҵϣ
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ڰݴ֮£ͱ˳ſڵһǰݣС㣬ҽȥͨһ
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֮У޲ػŸ̨ϵѧԱĽŵ죬ûлͷĻһ䣺ش磿ҵ𣿡
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ףַѣַסͬһᣬΪӽҵҡݵһ䣬˰һۣʾǸϽǰ
мĿ˰һۣǰԺã˲ĳӰλҵѱȶ
޲صǰû˵ȶݡ
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ַ޲Ѿãһˣ˰ݵĽܣȻȻϵַϣĴ֮£ҲɵŰб˹ȥ
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ˣ޲һ򶨣ʲôˣ
ġ
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޲صƽκ˻֣ǶȥѵɣݣҲȥɡ
仰˲ŷԺ޲صı֤ԼҲͲسȥַˣ޲ظ֮󣬾͸Ű뿪˰ᡣ
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ϰظûͻȻУԺȻ𣺡ش磬ľѾ֪ˣֱȥɭɣƾʵӦûܲ㣬Сһ㣬Ҳûܷˡס۷ʲô飬ǧҪ¶ݣ
ϰزûиеκ⣬ϵɫһɣתԺŵķȥ
˿̣֮У޲̾һڣȴһ˿ɫߣɭű͢͸Ұҵĵˡ
鷿֮У˿ַ̣绹ذŬϽһװαʯͻȻַʱ㱻ڷڽһסˡ
һüͷ漴ذף˷ڽⱾ顣
Ȿڷڽﲻ֪˶£Ȼÿ춼ŮǰãķѾƣûһ˿ҳȴΪۣϵѾЩģ
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ϵȻЩģַȴһ۾˳
ʲô
ַɻһ䣬׼Ȿоһ£ȴͻȻˡ


ʮ թ
ַһϽⱾսԼĿռָȻվԣŬһȴǷӿ
Ϸʮһ̶ȻǰܹĿۣһ˲䣬зӿϢ
ǸʮԼĸӶ˲ŲʵˣǸԼ׵ˣڡԼô
ַٴһתԷš
ţȥɣˣ⡣ȥƽˮ
ǣˡ漴Ӧһ
һ̣֨ѽһ±㱻ƿˡ
ŶַǸõˣǿɭˣ۹ַ磬¶ŵ΢Цû뵽ôͼˡ
𾴵ĺãҾַ硤ϵַ粢ûʩ񣬶ǲɫĵһ䣬ͬʱĵҲ
ַô˵Ļ֪Լ˽ˣ
ôΪʲôԼ̬ôأ
ַûǣѵ׼ɾǺݺݵ˺һ⣡
뵽ַ粻ɵ˿ɭһۡ
ǰĿɭĸߴǷȥӢǷֻǣ԰׵ɫ˿ȥȵļ촩һɫۣ忴ȥ֮дżɢҲԵЩȻҲǹеı׼ʡ
ɭַûʩ񲢲⣬ˬʵĹһЦߵźľַָָкÿɡ
𾴵ĺˣ֪ƽʲôأ
ַȻѾϣȴûзһ㣬ֱ⣬˼ŸӦԺķֻ֪Ҫ˽˺ͼʣµͺðˡ
ɭûżشַ磬ǺһԴȻ̧ͷЦַһͣðˣҵĶ׼Ҳ˵ˣϢȴõһЩ׼һ֣صǸ׼Ѿĳͷַ֮ǰ
Ǹ
ԼûмƽԼƽһĶ⣬һԼǸ
û֮ǰַҲԼλ׼ĳҲǹԷ֪ԼʵݣҲӦһָ߸ϵ̬ȣϾַ˽⣬Уȼƶǿɭޱȵģ
ȴôҲ벻λ˵ѾﵽĺԼһƽô
ʲô˼
Ȼַ绹ûиͼǣ仰˼ַȴˡ
ǲԼȥƽˣ
һַ̣ﶸȻһŭ
ҪԼʵӵļսʿʵĵˣ
ѵΪһ仰¾ôȥˣô
뵽ַĵ׵ķŭٴһ㣬ǰϵĸףֻļķŭѾͿҪԼըˣ
ֱ̫ˣ
ַھܾԴͻȻðһ뷨뷨һðļеŭʱ类һˮһ㣬ʧˡ
ͻȻʶͲøԼ飬ҲͲԼĻĽ˰ɱԼȻѧԺԱԼһԵĸαװѧԺĵɱԼ
ѧԺҲʱ̶ԼϣֻҪɳĸҵһ˿ᣬɱԼֱ練ƣ
Ͼúµĸ֣ɲ׼ûоλɵܱģǸˣԼ͵ֵסһУ
ңһɱԼȻ֪˿϶Ǻɵģǣƾ޾ݣѧԺҲúûκΰ취
㱣ѧԺץİѱΪԼһѾȥƽ񣬾ȥһλλĺô
һ˲䣬ַ糹侲˼ЩԺȻûиͼȴȷһ㣡
չĽǶԼںˣʵȴ֮෴û˰ɱԼԼ뵽̬ºͣԼǸһּǰԼĸףȻǶԼ
ǣʲô飿õĺ棬ԼǸأ
ַвһ˲䣬뵽һ⡭
𾴵ĺˣҲ֪Ķ׼ɱңҪһеʵӵˡ
ַ仰˵Ĳû涥ײҲûһڻؾǵԼĲ
ɭַ仰ȻЩ⣬üëһʵôַ
ܼ򵥣⳥
ַһָ٩٩ԣܱʾǸĳɡ
˵䣬ַضסɭȻ˵ɣ˿֮УȴǽţϾεǸݣ׼ҲѧԺԼҪվڶԷĽǶԵЩˣ
ַҲĺܼ򵥣ں⳥⣬֮ô˵ֻ̽ĵߣ
̽ΪһЩǮƾ͸ԼϾǮƣӺݲҪġ
ַڶģĺһԼͼȻѾݸӣһǮƶ˵ӦҲʲô
ǣַ˵仰֮󣬺ɫȴһ˲Ŀֱַ磬ҲһʼǰºͣЩ䣺ַѵ㲻ãѾܹôҪףǰˣӵе۹λ
شַ͵һ


ʮ 
漴ַע⵽˺ԼĳƺжʱһЩȻ䣬ֹߣӦûĶŭɣ
뵽ַһǰɫޱȵĿɭӲͷƤҾò֣ӵûɱңҿܵ˺ܴľţ𾴵ĺˣҪһЩ⳥ҲǹֵҪɣ
һ˵ַ꣬ӭϺͶĿ⣬ֻ˵ôǿӲȫڶģڶĺԼͼļֵҪԶԶԼҪ
ܲԼɨ棬ͿĽԼҵǸȻǶԼżͼֻΪԼһ仰ͱŭˣֻ˵Լλ׾Ǹ׼һĲݰ
һݰҲɲ˵λĺ
š
˵ͷǰͻȻٴ¶ЦݣСС;ͲηǿȨʵȷѵð
˵󣬺ˬʵĴЦ
ַת䣬ĵ׶ʱɽüͷһ壬ƺûи˼
뿪ѯʣȴ˵ַܷģ֮ǰѾ׼ңǸַ⳥ȻҲ׼йǸԱ⡣
ַգϲ¶ɫĵȴһԼе⳥ңҶһͨĹ˵ѾһʲСĿˣԼλף۲ѾܱνǸĳ⣡
ַȴû뵽ſھҡǿҰ˵͸ˣң˵׼ԼǸĻߣԼļֵ߰
ţַ粻üûü˵ȴЦеĲһ䣺飬ѾҵĹܼҰͷƣ뿪ʱ򣬾ͿԵõˡ
ַ䣬жʱЦѣΪ˵Ѿ˺˼뿪ʱſԵõңǰԼ˺Ҫ󣡷ԼһӶòԼҲÿԼλ׵Ʒˣ
ǮȻô׬İ
˹Ȼܵ׼ҵǸ飬ҿͲˡַϸˡ㡱΢Ц˺˵ĳ⣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ȼô˵ȴǲΪȻ
ú֮׼ԼƽǸµһµļֵԶԶҰɣңбҪô׼ǵԼǸҲһԼ˰ɣ
ַ˼Լʲôͼ
ðɣôַ׼µĹԺͲҪˡ¶ϵЦ⡣
Ҫϣ
ַݺһڣȴ¶˿οЦݣܡʶȤĴ𾴵ĺˣʲô׼µĹôǵˣ
Ŷ
΢΢һ㶣ˬʵЦ֮һ˿ͣ漴º͵ַ֮ϣӦ飬һǸַǸͬʱһϣ׼ܷرѧԺԸַ鲻Ҫ
ҵȻ
ַ˵ͷԥش֪ûоԵĹƽһƽѧԺ¸ûطĻɣ׼Ƿ񷵻ѧԺͲںֻҪ׼ѧԺﲻԼԼҲٳֽѵȻǰѧԺ
ң̬ȣԺ׼ҲȥԼˡ
ͬʱַҲЩɻһͲɣѵΪȡһѧԺ߸ϵĺͶԼô
ԭӦǵڶɣ
뵽ַ񣬾Ŀܺ棬ʲôԭ򣬻Լôò
ĵ˵ͷһڶ飬ҲַҪĿġ
ַͷʾ˵ȥ
ʵѾַڱѧԺˡʮһͱӵгСʵɱһӵļսʿʵ£ĳɼʵ˾֮
Եַٹʮȥֻһλʥǿˡ
˹ˡַǫһ䡣
ַÿȻףôɳȥΪʥǿ߿˵ָտɴһ䣬˵˵ڶ飺ڶʵܼ򵥣ϣԻַõ꣬ңԸȫȨΪ֧·ϵһп
˵˼ҪҳΪôַ粻ü
ȻΪҲûʸһʥǿߡַᣬϽ͵ֻϣͨҵŬܻһδʥǿߵ꣬棬ַصģֻҪܻõ꣬Ƕ˵Ѿ㹻ˣңٵʥ֮ʱһһϡе


ʮ Ǹô
Щַ˺˼񡭡ڶҲʲô鰡Ϊκ飬ܵõԶֻ֧֣Ϊ˵õԼõ꣬Ҳô
ǣַȴûֻϵĻڿǸһ㡭磬ԼĴӦ˺Ժ·ϣõ˺˽֧֣ڴﵽʥ֮õ͵ôڽ󣬺ʲô飬Լ˼ְæ
Ȼڵַ绹壬ֻǴ⣬Ͳѿϡˡ
ѵֻΪһʥǿߣֵȥ
ַɻ
ʵַڸͲ֪ʥʲô֪㣬ҲͲɻˡ
Ŀģַ罻ãȻҲ²ⲻַ罫Ƿһܴﵽʥ򣬵Ͼһᣡ
·ϵһпǶԺ˵ͲʲôҪõǾͱӵʥʵʱԼԼȥҪַЩʲôôһɭʲô
ַԼܲʣһ飬Ҳ˼ͷԸԼɣ
Ͼʥǿ߿ɶǵĽģ
Ŀľڴˣ
ַںĿȻ֪Ĳô壬Ҳ³˼֣
ҪõԼꣿЦ
Լûκιϸ˵ԼҲʹӦˣ
ǣǰλԼĸףǸԼԼĸ׵ĸף
·ϵĿַûƾԼħʦݣÿµнˮҲ㹻ԼˣһԼԼԼĸôĿͰ
Ȼַ֪ǰĺ֪Լʵݣ׺ͼʱĵûһɷŭ
ǿŭǣ֮£ַ缸ʶľҪھֱܾȷıԼ˼Զõҵ꣡
ǣַ֪ںĵ̣Լ˵ô±߳ˣ
ǣַȴֲԸԼλϵĸף˵
ַо岻ʱһͻȻ𣺡СӣӦһҡ
̶̵һ仰ͻȻ𣬲ɵַһ£˺һֺۣȻ΢ЦԼƺû
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ϵõġ
Ȼַ粢֪ϰصΪʲôԼͻȻ𣬵·ҵĹһ㣬ƽ˲٣Ҳָ˴ݵ顣
ַѾǺ˰ɡ
ַٴλعƽɵ΢Цº͵˵һ䡣
֪ԼԻסǰַ꣬¶˵Цݣ֪ԼѾɹˣ
ַƲסмѹɤ۵˷ֱܼҪ֮
ַ磬ҲƽˣֻĻȴһ㶼ͬҾܾ
ܡܾΪʲô
̶̵شһ˺ϣЦһ˲佩ϣüͷЩʣϽһ䣺ѵַʲô֮˵ɣ룬һҵĳġ
ҵȷ֮
ַͷ漴Ͼ¶˵һ̣ѹ֮ǲܸߺˡ
Ϊʲôʶʵ
ַɫ˲עſɭ۵Ȼһ˿񣺡Ϊ㣡
仰һ˵ַ꣬ʱо˲١

ˣңһ£ɫޱȣ֮һŭ⣺ַ磬ҪڿҺУҪɱ㣬ֱ練ƣ
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ϰַ̣жԸŮ˵ġ֮⣬㻹ʲôָǸ׳յĶ׼̳ľλҿҲֻ֪ŪŮ˵Ĳݰ
£ַĵһûĳ죡
ʮһѹ֣һ̷йˣ
Ȼûϵַ˵Ļһ˲ԭأƺûзӦ
ַʱҲûţٵĵһħħƿطΧ֮Уһֻ꣬ᡱһƨµźξͻȻðܻ棡
ڴͬʱ鷿ϷͻȻ硱һһȫںӰ˳ַԣӰһѼվԭصַ磬ҲڵĺϹĶɫ鷿ڵܣһͷ˷գ֮䣬ʧ鷿֮С
硪
鷿űƿѾһὣվǰһֱ鷿ǰֻǷѵ͸Ͻ˽ֻôһСϰغַѾʧ鷿֮Уֻ±ĺϵĺŬԼϵĻ档
˴֮£̽©æܵߣŨİɫһ˲ͽһ̣ϵĻѾϨֻ޷ĺľλȼա
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Ȼһͷȼյʱ̫̣ҲûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ˡڣȴϣʲô˵ˣڣϽȥ׷ַɱ
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˵ϣѾ¶һ˿˷ܣȻһ㶼׷ʲô漴˳źָķ֮䣬˳ַܵķ׷ȥʧ˺ǰ
ߣ
ܻһԼ󣬴ŷȥ
ʱѾۼΪ׵һ첽鷿ȥʱȴͻȻŭĴֱ˳
չǱӣΪ׵һ𣬸뿪˵Щʲôָ鷿ŭѾߣĶóٶȣѾȥ׷ˣ϶ºۼҲȥȻεĿ꣡
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룬ĶϽ鷿˽ȥӿɫʧ鷿
ʣµ㿴ҿ㣬׷ʲô顣
ЩãȻӣĵͻȻһɷ꣺ҹҿǣ
ŵӣϽԼٶʧ˺ǰ
ʱֻʣ˺һˡ
վԭأؿɫޱȣû뵽ȻǸħʦߣɱ˫츳ţʹ



ʮ ؼһ
ʱϰѾַ뿪˺ķΧڵ۶ĴСﲻͣš
·;ϣܶ˿һȫ°סҸ¼һͲСɻͬʱЩ㵣⡭ô
мʵġȺڡһĻΪĸа֯һĶӣôʵսʿʱлԼܾº˻еССͣӶһ죬ȻҲַϵĲ£ֻǣǸСļΪ˱Сαװȥġ
ȻսʿӺ˻С¡ǸӣǿŨİɫ뷨еģ¾ֻʣһ뷨ĳҪ군˰ɣ
Ϊ˵ϰغַ磬Ȼǲ뵽ЩϰصӰһ֮䴩ַʧ֮ȫɫӰ׷ȥˣȻ׷˺Ķˡ
Χ˿׷ȥˣȻһһƽʧıӰǴսʿôٶȿ찡
ƽ˵˿̻ϰػеַǳַɳ۵ĸоʱϰϵĶѾסַ磬˴󲿷ֵĿַڵĸоǰһܳӾĳдӹĿֽŸУֻǣĻΧȴͲôڰˡ
ַȴں˿ãʹ˺һֱͨоˬޱȣؽû뵽Ұ
ϰһѰų·һߵߣСӣΪǸôҪԺ˵Ҳ㣡
ŶԺΪʲôһСôģַɵһ䡣
Ϊʲô֪ϰûһ䣺ӻȥ˵ɣ
ӻȥѵַһ
Ҳеӣ
ϰЦΪƾҾܰ㰲ȫȥôǼֻӦûѻ˵ôԭûӦȻѻ˵ˣӦһ׼ڣºѾ׷ˣҪ֪ɶŴսʿʵ
ַȻ׳յΪõĺᱻԼϰصĻжʱһ
ԭֻͼˬ죬һʱҲûпô࣬Űѻ˵ôϰһѣ侲֮дһ˿Ǹ⣺ؽǱǸһοҲ۽ˡ
ߣǵûУһҲϲϰصЩȻҲϲɭǸһ͢ЩϵԺҲ̫ҲŻװ硭
Ҳҿؽװ硭
ַϽһ䣬ϰֻһûټ˵
һʱ䣬˵ղЩΡ
ַ͵͵һۣϲûŭ⣬С̽һ䣬ֻǣΪԵʣ˰ֻһӪĻؽ㴩Сҹ¡ɣϵá
ϰسĬԡ
ַϰɰֲһ䣺ؽҹ¡Ӧùʱ˰ɣ
죬Сӣķϻࡣϰڿˣһ仰˵
˵䣬ϰǰһƺ׼һ·ߣԥľͳȥַˣֻʵʵıͣȴǶϰصٶĽ
ϰֱٶȣͲҪƥˣַӡ֮Уһǰʱػʿ׷ͷħǵٶȣҲһƥҪܵĿˣֻǣִַǸΪĴսʿٶϣҪϰһ˿
뵽ַ׼Լɻ󣬿ǣһ⻷ͻȻüͷһ壬ʶؽ⡭ǷѧԺķɣ
ǵȻڷѧԺǱȻͻᱩ©ݣ
һΣϰصȻЩͷ֮ǰ΢ƽһ㣬ַڶУϽ׷ʵȥģ
ȥߵġ־ɭ֡һܣˣСӣȱϻȻҾû취оˣϰһ䡣
ַֻεðɣұ졣
ַȻϲ˵ȴ˼ӷ飬ԭͲ֮ˣ飬侲˼㷢мƺЩ̫Ծ
ؼһ㣬Լƺˣ
ϰһۣԥ˰죬˵Լеɻ󣺡ؽܲһ⣿
Сӣʲô¾Ϳ˵ĥĥģϰûĻһ䡣
õϰصͬ⣬ַһ˼·Ͻؽܾе㲻̫Ծֻһͨͨƽ񣬾кܴǱҲõλλߵôӰɣ
еġλȻָľ޲غͿɭ侲˼ַѾ˳Լ˼·Լһͨƽ񣬾츳ˣҲõλӰɣϾҪ˵ţҲһԼֻһˡ
ǣŵĻλĺҲóԼһƿԼô˵ɣң޲ػϰԼţǡɣ
Լϵʲôֵλģ
ַҪ֪ģ


ʮ ־ɭ
ַʣϰæƲַһۣһ䣺ߣͨƽһħʦô
ַ޹ʼ磬˿̵֪ϰؾԼһ˲䣬϶ǿԼͷħȴ֪ɱеһ죬ϰرַħʦݡ
ѵΪҵһħʦַоҲ̫ǣǿˣȻħʦ٣ҲλôӰɣңǰɲ֪Լħģ
ΪһССħʦͻԺ˺ͿɭǸһôô
ϰص仰ԵЩͷһ̣ǽԼ뷨˵˳Сӣ֮λôأΪдﵽʥ츳ҲûʲôҲǸħʦҲ֪磬ħʦ٣ҲǧУܴﵽħʦʵˣҲᳬһˣһ˵УҲֻһλʥǿߣǾʥ
ʥַּҲ֣û˵صȴϰؼ˵ȥ
սʿȴǶţëսʿҲǲǣ֪ôЩսʿ֮дﵽʥʵģҲֻλԺ֮⣬һλʥǿȴûֻ֪֣һţǶΪѪߡ
Ѫߣַ粻Щ档
λѪߡ֣ϰصڸһأû֪ŮҲû֪ʵ֣Ʈ˵Ŀ˶Ѿ뿪Ҳ˵
˵ϰصӹһ˿룬һ٣λǿߣ˶Żɵ̬ȣҪǺܶǰλǿʥսһ֪ôһ˴ڣ󲿷ֻ֪Ѫʥս֮֮ƺʲôЭ飬ȻѪ߾ʧ˵ҰҲûг֡
˵һ䣬ϰؿַһۣ˵½֮ϣֻʥǿߣһϿսʿҪʥ֮ħʦѶȸǸǧ򱶣Ȼ˵͢ڰ͢ĽڣҲӵʥʵ˼ٳ֣Ͼ˳ֵ飬˵ľˣԣλڵʵҲֻһ²⡣
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ϰص仰ַ˼ĵ˵ͷţͳĬ
ϰַһۣζ˵һ䣺һʥǿߴһ˿ϵǿ˶ģһ䣬СӣڵĴ½ɲǱϿôƽ

ϰؿеĿ־ɭλڵ۶Ķߣ֮ԽΪɭһССȴ۶ΧΣյһط
˵ںܾúܾǰƬرûһľֻǸСƬأ򱻷һ壬ʱλ׼ԼĸۡСıԵϣǣ̲Ÿո𲽣츮ۡЩ˱һĪˣʬ嶼û£λ֪ϢŭƱҪˮʯ
ݽԱĪЩˣȥСıԵǻȥˮʹʹϴ裬ЩˣһĶʧСУ
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ڣʱӵдսʿʵվסˣڼ򵥵Ľһ֮Ҳ߽ܿ˺ˮ֮УǣǵĴһλˮ֮ȴҲû
ǣˮɱ˵㴫ˣһҵĶУõʱĻʵ۱ŭԲĹ壬ܲ׵ô
ܿ죬ڻʵ۵ŭ֮£ǲżսʿһ߽ͬС֮У˵Ľȴ³һ߽ȥ֮󣬾Ҳû
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ʵ˷˹СϢСֲܱ˴ľϣԴ˿ԸС۶Ļ
ʹǻʵ۷ϢϾûв͸ǽ֮һʱС鱻ķзе˵С϶ʲôе˵СסһֻʥħޣҲе˵һʲôֻҪ˭õеͿݺ½ơ
Ȼ˶֪СΣԣвϲƴġļһڣַĴ֮£ܶʵǿ׼ЩУϵżսʿµǵͨƽһżħʦ
Щ߽УȴҲûϰ
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Χƿ־֮ɭ֣ͱǳ־ɭ֡
ڣϰؼַıӰѾʧ˿־ɭ֮С


ʮһ ͷж
־ɭǼΪï֦֯һïܵҶڵסͷ⣬ñͳɫʵɭԵø
ϰѷ˻еַ磬һɭֵĳ䣬Ĺ۲ΧĻ
ȻΪսʿٶҪƥҪ˲٣ȴǼ󣬴ﵽսʿˮ׼˲ƲѣԱܣϰر͸û׼ƥֻȴû뵽ֵַôûа취֮£ֻˡ
ʱڵϣŬָĵĶ
ؽɭΪʲôΪ־ɭ֣
ַ綫йһɭּΪһ˿ĻоܲӦ֮леһ˿ѹ֡
üͷֲһ䣺ѵΪɭɭֲգ
ַȻ֪ɭֵĴ˵ʵҲˣԭϷȻɭСеĴ˵˽֪ϾѾȥô꣬ʮַ磬ǲŸո۶֪Ҳ
СӣС㣡
ϰ۾վĴһ£ͷѵַһ䣬žתȥͬʱɭ֮Խп־ɭΪɭһССӣòҪĴҹ䣬ҸȷɭѾ׷ˣһǷǣ군ˣ
ðɡ
ַεʼ磬ʵʵĿϰأĿȴĴţȻɭִѹָһ˿Ī־塣
ϰȫҹµУֻ¶ֻ۾Ĵɭܣϵĺȫı¶ַ
ַ翴ϰصıӰĪеһ밲ģĵһɣŵѹָжʱ˲١
ϰʵǿ߱ԼӦÿ԰ȫİɣ
һַ̣ĵͻȻһ˿ںޣЩںԼںʱ̫嶯治ðѻ˵ôȻʱ˵ĺˬַȴĸоһ˿ס
УҲĪЩ꣡
ٴλܣ̾˿вЩꡭԼܷ߳ɭأԼˣĸȸôأ
һʱ嶯һʱ嶯
һַ̣ľĵطŸı䡭

ģǰϰͻȻӣַȻΪʲôĪһҲϽȥһ̣ɭΧķһЦԶԶڿ־ɭضãΪҲ֪棡
˵
ַˣʶѿڶ
ϰزûлͷһֱǰƽ꣬˵
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ͻȻһԶԶֻȥЩ˻ƣȻ˵
ȻһĶҲˡϰЩŭлһ˿ǣֻ˵ҲûʲôĶӵоżʵңóٶȡ
˵ţƬ̣ͻȻתַȥҲǰ취СӣﲻҪܣڸҸطҳȥߣ㿴ʱɭ֣ȻٶȷѧԺֱȥԺˣԺ˱ӣ˭ҲҪǳɭ֣Ƿص·Сĵ㣬ҵĿɭǸһﻹڰ·
˵䣬Ҫȥַȴһץס·һǣϽ˵ؽɭôҲһҵǰ
Сӣ㶮ʲôϰûɭǸһƢ˽⣬µˮ©ֻǵһò˶ùͻɵڶ˹
ڶַ绹Щס
ߣΪڶֻ𣿡ϰЩͷˣˣСӣغðɣܵʱѾˣҲˣԴӴﵽսʿʵûأû뵽һȴΪСӣ
˵䣬ϰؿҲַԼ·ȫĵգ֮䣬ʧַǰ
ĻѾ˵ϣַҲϰص˼϶׷Լ˵ʱ·趨Ǻţĵڶ˶Ȼֻˣ
ַ̾˿ףһԱɭٴҲܷ׳죡
ȥҲֻаϰ˵İ취ˡ
Ͼڶ˾ɭ֣мҲһյʱ䣬ԼֻҪץסյʱ䣬ӳɭֺҸطǾܶˣ
ϰصİȫַ粢ģţϰظΪԼȥ
뵽ַһᣬһȦĿͣǰĴϡ
һץסɣֱ˫ͬʱһϡ
׼ɭҵһ˿ʱٳɭ֣
䡪
ַû״̬ʱԶͻȻһıը
ַ粻ɵôһ飬Ŀȥⱬըķϰ뿪ķ
ͻıըǿԳ壬ըĶŭ˻Ƶű㴫˹쵰㵽˭û뵽½ϾȻֳһżǿߣ
䡪
һײһεȵһεľҪԶַϰعײĿľԼѾԽԽԶֹһʱַ֪Լܵʱˡ


ʮ ں޵
־ɭֵľΪïڵ֦һ⵹Ϊַṩ˲ٱʱַϰżе·߿ʱķš
ٶȻսʿô̬ӵսʿʵܵٶȣҲֻǣϱܸڵȫһ棬ַҪѰŵ֦һ棬ҪĻڵϣԭһ𣬾ַٶЩ
òףַ˳ܵɭֵıԵֻǣվΧϷһȴʵһ
ԶԶȥ׵ɭֵķٸĿ֮£ٵһǧˣ
ַ粻һڶ˾Ȼô죡
ңѵԼΪ˶ԸԼѾפڵ۶˽ô
ߺߡǿԼİ
Ц֮£ַٽԼ׼ȴЩ˽ɭ֮Լټߡ
ǣЩ˽ɭֵıԵ֮󣬾ôҲһˣַ罹ѵʱȺһִ俪ˣÿСӷֳһ˽ȥʣµһԷѣݺ˷ԸεĿʵرǿֿͨܵģԣһųźţĶ˺˴Ѿɭˣλ˿Ժһڵһʱϵ𣿡
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һ˵Ļַƽ

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ѧԺ֮Уһֱƨɺ棬һ仰ûи˵ÿκܶѧԱ˭ʱҾ˵ҵҲڽֻͣЦЦ˿ַһۣ㲻֪ϵѧԺй壬󲿷ֶƽĺӣûǮƹӶһԣ֪һʱ򣬶رĽҡ
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ѵǵ˰ַ̡ͻȻһʶѿڶ
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һɻ󡣡
ַᶨϽһ䡣
ðɣҿԸ㡭Ϊһ˾ɱôߣһûСһܿ׵ģֻԸڵ㣬Ҿ㹻ˡ
˽ַ磺ʮ֮󡭡ᵽǰĸоǱɱˣҿԸ㣬ҿʱڣԣһûк֮ǰʧҵǰ
лл㡣
һΣַ粢ûж˵ʲôһ˼μȻ󻺻һ֣صʮ֮ټұ֤ʮ֮ڣԲǰ
˵ţһܣһûĵطȥ֪ԼֻҪɭжһ˴ȥͿ԰Ȼ뿪ɭˡ
֪ʲôԭһĹַѾоôʹˣȻ㲻ΪʲôԴҲû˿ͷȴ̲ס˷ϾԷԼˣԼҪûߣЦˣ
ΪΣַֻĬĬԼԼָرðɡ
ǣ˻ûʱ򣬾Զһŭˣ뿪ǱѺѵ˺˶Ķ𣿡
ĶûбѺ㲻Ҫܣϣһ飡
˷ŻЩ˵ַ磬Ϊλݣ̴ص
ߣ㱳ѺҲᣡһҪɱʬȥ㲻ҵĶ֣Ըֹң
£ַоһϮһɾ磬д󾪣ͼŤתӶ㿪һ͵Ϯǣָ˲룬һ£Ѿ㲻ˣ
ΪԷٶȼֱ̫ˣ


ʮ һԶ
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һײַֻоǰһһأȴûб˵ʹûعһɳƵӶ𣺡ٺ٣֮ڸˣ
㵽˭㻳ǸСֻһ˵ľҪ䣬һԹۣԼĽŻַĺңңһָ
ˣȻϰأַȻ֪ϰʲôıȻع֮󣬱ͻͷĴ硣
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ַ翴вЩжϾԼϰط׷ǹʣȻƢ̫ãĿǰΪֹѾԼΣȻⶼֻǳڷ޲صԼʵ޷ı䣬ַУɹһ˿ů
еǸСӣ򣬽Ӳһ
Ķݺݵ˵һ䣬ʱҲϰǿ϶٣ϵƤѾӣԵľǸһƬ죬ȻѾ֮ǰսˡ
ϰˣǵ壬ݺһڣΪҵĶôȻͬΪżóȴٶȣҲ˵ˣСҾȶˣв׵ķҲûɱ㣬ɱ֪ô
ϰصĻ֮ĶϵļʱĲʹĴһԵ˵ˣһɱһȥͲεߺ
Ķϣܿͬŵķһ飬ǸСӣҾһͬɱˣʱǰʬ彻ˣ˵ַѾУͬԽұַ֤粻Һ˵鷳ˣ˵侲
Ķһ˿ݣ漴ҧҧڴＷһ֣ã
գŵ˵ͷ̱ŷңָϰصĽ֮ϣŨİɫ
ַ絣ĵĿϰһۣܰɣҪңѾӦɱˡ
ϰɫûſڣǽĶǰˣ
ͬʱַжʱϰصСӣ㶮ʲôΪеսʿŷʿôߺߣҲ֪Ķɲʲô࣬ҲµĲ϶㻹ɱģĺˣҲô׾Ͱɱ˽ս͸ϽܣܵԽԶԽáԺʹ͸ҵġѾ˷ˣ
ַǵڶϰءԼ֪ڲ˵ʱֻšһ
ϰؼˣŷ˻еַ磬ȴһֱû뿪ǰˣ
֪˵սֻǾ˼ȻҪɱԼǽͱҪսˣȻӵоżʵǰϾսʿһͬӵоżˮ׼
ַһϰصıӰһۣתСԵɭȥϾûԼһӦû㰲ȫͬʱвһ䣺ؽһҪŰ
˵ľڶԷϣ˲ûע⵽ַýӰٿĻһᰵַ̾Ļָ
ַϰ˾룬ԭصڶˣ
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˼ĶѶҲһϰسǰȥϰؼţһĵ˫ȭңңӭϣûýϰߣԼȭͷ
ϡ
˵ĳ׵нϰصĶ֮УȴûѪĽǷһӲײ
漴ϰ˫ȭϵĶͻȻԼٶգ֮䣬ѹ˼һ㣡ѾһС㣡
Ŷ̬ת䣬ϰصҲͱ¶˳һ˫֪ʲôϴĺɫȭס
ϰغٺһЦ˫ȭ͵һ𣬻Ϊ׵Ķ̱㱬ը
䡪
ը˶ȻĶ˵ĳ˳ƺһסԼĳ϶ɫԽԽŨʲôһ㣡
Ķȴֻֻۣӽϰնȥ
ĶŭһϰؼĿſٻϰصٶȻֻܹĵֻ缸ĶḺ̌һգҲʱ˳ϵİɫѾﵽ˼㣬һԶԶϰһб
ŨİɫӽϷһӰźХ֮ƣϰϮ
ϰȻСһֵĶ֮Ͻһ㿪һ̣˵ʱ˵棡
ء
֮Уƿһӣ³ɽϰȻӵԾĶȥȭ߸̧ȭϵĶٴμ̼仯Ϊһ׵㣬سĶԴȥ


ʮ 
˼ˣһ̧ͼϰصĹ
ϰɫһȭһһ£ϰصȭһɰ׹⣬ϰܵ𵴣һȭ̱ƫһ֡
ء
ϰصȭͷĶĳ£㱬ըĵʱĶ벽ĶȴֻüͷһϰصĽŵնȥ
ͬʱ˵ĽҲѾǰ
ĿϰصұۣǺ֮ƣƱҪֱ۸
ͬʱлϰҲɵͷĶӵ̱ԣڹϸڣ۷ȴҪһЩһܿ˾
˫Ķһ˵ĽѾǰһȻĶһ˵ĽȴĴϣ
ϰصȭȭױԲŸӲ˹ȴֻжһнĶ֮УϰزɵóʹһѪѾӴ˳ĶûзŵᣬۼϰˣڿпٻӶգۼ䣬Ȼһܼϰصȥ
ϰؽüͷҧҧ˫ȭǰͬʱϵĶ̳һ㣬ֻһ𣬻ΪһĶȻ˵ŷȥ
䡪
ӲĿĶһϰصɳȥصһϣܵ޴ĳƺЩܲסһƵ
ۼĶ׷ϰأϽһ㿪ֻа˼ʵһľżûаӲ
һϰصĶʱը档
ϰطɳȥһɲĶ廯ΪһӰȻϰطȥԶԶϰػӳһ
һУֻں̵ܶʱڣ
ʱΪĻᱻַ֣粢ûԶһֱĵضԶһ߷Ĺ۲˵սһСĲ̽ԶǣѰ·ߣһ¿ϰصӱɳȥϣһκΣǿȵսûĲܲսģʹϰҲֻܸż
ꡪ
ϰؿĽϽ͵һ㿪ϣͽôضϣһ죬Ȼס
ϰվ˲ϵѪȴǿЦĶóٶȣɲǿ򣬸ղһ˵Ҫҵˣ
ڲԶַͬʱﰵһһնһôȻֻ㹥͵ġﵽսʿԺʵɲⰡңﵽսʿˮ׼ӵʣ
Ȼֻʵ˵ս̸ȫϰصĶӵС̱ԣĶٶȣˡַʱûп
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ĶܻĳϰصĻɫַλһۣϰعȥʱҲѾ׷һ䣬ͬʱϰسȥ
ַ籾ĿķڳϣĶԼֻоһ̲ס뵽ѵһɱôϰ˵ĹȻûߣΪַ۸ô
뵽ַ㲻ɫȸԼһħֽŽȫȻ˳ֵķĶ˲ַ֮绹ѡ˸Ͻܡ
ĶĶϾ˼Լĵĺˣ㿪˷Ųĵطѡһ֮һ߼۲ųУһҲСĵĹ۲ɭǵӰѰܵ·׼ʱߡ
Уַµı仯
ϰؼ˹ȻӰʧԭأ˵ĹȻҲ˸աһ̣ϰصʱϿմٺ٣ҲҵľУ
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ַ翴ĶӰԼǰʱһ벻Լ㿪˷ŵλãǱĶע⵽ˣ
ʱϰػûУȴԼԶʱĶҪɱԼԼûз֮
ǣַҲ˲ϼѰߵ·ߣԥתܣͬʱĶҪɱˣ
ַ籾þͲǺԶһ㴫ϰغ˵УͬʱһԷϽԴͷȥ
ַѾ˵СıԵĶȴüͷûһ£ȻַԣϴŨɫһƳַ˹ȥ
ԸַûСӣͲʹ
ַۼĶƵԼǰϽ㿪Ķٶʵ̫죬Ȼڵһʱ㿪Ķƻǻַļ
˲䣬ǿİ˼һͻַķħһֱ̣ӾͰַļϣ
ַֻоһǿԼļ˹ͷҧ͵һ㣬㳯ǰ̽ȥˤ˵ϡ

ַ˵ڵ̲סʹ˻һĶģΪĶһ˲䣬Ѿѹ˼򴦣ڻĵѵֶɱȻɱĶҲʹĺг
Ķֻһֵһ˲͸Լ壬ʶĺгоȫԣȻԵЧټᣬһ̣оԼһ㶼ܿơ
ַ翴ĶģԼǳɹˣ
˵Ǿ仰Сżǿ߶棡
ǣַǿ̼ʹ̧һֻȾͳĶƨȥﻹݵģȥ
ͨ
ַ翴˲ĶУһֱŵĲڷŻ˶ɵЩԼһ١
Ϊ鵽ھǽˣǡ
׼ӵȴͻȻ״һһ֮£ʶĿȥ
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ĶǾżսʿַͳܲסĶ³֪Լ϶ɣ
ȴûκΰ취ѣ
ڰգˮһȭͷʱַ翴ǹɸӵ飬ϰԭصӰоֻʣһ뷨
ңҪô
ͨ
һַ̣ӶʱС


ʮ 뿪
ϰؾйȥһֱַĶͬʱףֻڶ̶һ˲䣬ϰغ˸ϵ֮ʱСѾָյƽƽ˸оƺûзʲôһ㡣
棬ƬƬԣһƽ
˺ϰһԵƽĺ㵲˵ɫѿ֮
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˱˫ԼŸӵɫֱתΪƽʧ䡣
ź棬ϧǿϧˡ
ʱ򣬷ȥں֮׷ǰֻֿʣһȫں˶ʱЩɻ󣬼ǵ˾ź棬ûж֣ɵøɻˡ
Ȼ㲻״Ǿ;ɡ
ֺܿ˴㣬һֹ֣סǰǣʱΧһۣΧĿȫǵɭֵ֣в𾪲ѡԹԣǴսʿ
ǰеǶɭֵĺǶףּսͲǿԲģԣһֱΧûгֻ֣ǣһֲ򶷵ƽڵһʱϵǣһȴֱӾɵۡ
ɨһǣֻӲͷƤߣ˴ˣԱߵλǡ
һڰѰߵ˸л
ϰγѣ۾･ָ࣬漴ߵߣѾˣǵĺһˣ
ԷеŭȻʵԷȴõȻ˺Ҳʧһż
ϰصĬĶˣҲӭϰصĿ⣬Ȼη塣
һԵĸֿ˶Գ˺˵ݣĶѾʱֻϽǴһƣΧ
ԭȻЩãַһҲĿ꣬ǱǿɭǮ˽һǵĶͷ˾ĶʱͻеıϰذΧеһĶԭ¼ڰΧȦڲ࣬ȼŭֻҪһ£ǾԶڵһʱ俳Ǹ˵ϣ
ϰɨһΧڸֵͣƬ̣񲻽Ե˵ѵ㻹ô
˺һۣͻȻ̾˿ƽ֮ģȴ㡣
һ£ЩҰܣɢ˰ɣ뿪
ˣڲļʱͼˡ
˵ˣ뿪˴һ𽥵ͳҪߣҲסˣͰ˵ɣֻͽ͵ˡ
ҲЩǵߣ˿ĵλߣֻӲͷƤϾ˼ֻɱַͿˣȻַУǾһȻлЩʣҲĶ֮ؽŭ֪ҪӲϰأҲֻǣΪ˽ҪȴҪ˶Ͳֵá
ߡҼסˣϰһۣлܷŹҡţǻټģ
˵䣬ϰزͣҲŭԼǣϱ׶ʧ˵
˳ĬźĬ˵һԵֶͬ˵ЩʲôԼˣȴֻܿŵȥһŭ࣬ȴ޷йֱб˲ŭ
˺һ̾һعͷ˵һ䣺߰ɡ
Ȼһӣɭķ򻺻ȥֻҧס촽˵ƨɺ棬ʱҲ֪޷˵ʲôˣȻɱĿˣǱϾҲʧһÿ˵ﶼףǰ侲糣˴ˣȥ֮Ҫܵ˵Ĵˡ


ѧԺԺ鷿֮С
ϰѾľԭⲻĸ޲һ飬˿ժ֣ұۺʹ·ϵ֤ʵķͷվ޲صߣȴһԲ
ش磬ˡ޲ϰû˵ʾο֪ˣȥϢɣҲҪΣֻǿϧһŰ
Ժˡ
ϰصԴŻںޣû뵽ĽȻҪ֪Ļ϶ڵһʱ֪ͨ˵ģԴ˵ʵǽɭƽʲô
ˣش磬ʵôԶľ⣬ʹҸġҲѴҡ޲شӻͳһɫСƿӸϰأҪⶫ̫ҿ϶һЩġ
Ժˣ֡ϰؽӹɫСƿȴ˵ǵɫ˵Щʲô޲ȴİ˰֣˵ˡ
ϰ̾˿漴˵ͷСպúɫСƿȥȴͻȻʲôüͷԺˣַǼǵﲢûдĳڱϾǲҪ֪ͨļˣ
޲سĬһ£ϵһҪġֻǰһӼֵ鰡


ʮ ܼ
۶鷿֮С
ɭװѻȻһ£ǰսͷʱҲˣɫϸĻζĻĬ򾲾վһԣƽɫ˿﾿˼ʲô
ã˿˿ɭһۣҧҧǰһεʧְ
˵ˣȻַѾ¾ˡͻȻϣһ£滺ĶҲȫ㣬ѾˣˣȥϢɣԺʱȶɡ
Īһ𣬴˿̣ѣΪûнеȫ˵ɭ٣˽Էַһ˿̣ǵûԼɵĽеǶԼвһж
Ҳ֪Ȼַ˽Էַ飬͸ûбҪ˵ˣȻԿɭ֪ǰ˵Ҳֻɭŭ뵽ϲɫȴԺĲмһ֣ڣ̾Ϣһ˸ˡ
õ׼˱׼ųȥǣûȴͻȻ뵽һ飬ϽߣˣǸ˵ݡ
ߣ˭
ʲô֪һ㣬˵껰ûĴϡ
˵ɫЩԥЩ̫ȷ˵ºûоżǿ߰
㲻ùˣȥɣзִ硣ͷİ˰֡
˼ֻ̾Ϣһת߳鷿
ߺ󣬺˺ľϡȻʱѾһոµĺľΡ
̾һ۾вŹâãĵһ䣺ӵ̱ľżǿߡصĻ

׼ķ֮С
λү쿴ȥ鲻еĺһƣò毺õŮĸż
ʱѾĿַѶɵãǸĶ׼Ųȥ
ò˵׼ּ̳˿ɭص㣬ʮѾǴˣʱһЦоƱһϮұŮӯӯһյСһֻŮǻԲ̵ƨϺݺһѡ
ұߵŮһʶĶһ£ߵŮһѶʱһ
š
׼о¸һȣԥһٺһЦ˫־ͳŮǰĸ߷ץȥ
ŮȻҷֻǺӣһӼ׼촽ЦһͰŮȥ
Ƭ̹׼ѾİǹŮ·ڴЩɪɪˣ׼˵ɿԼĿӣۿҪ˵˴ϣ
ɺܲɺϣʱƫƫȴȻŵ
ˡ
׼Ļһ䣺˭
׼үҡһŵүȥ鷿һˡ
仰׼ȻҵЩջ𣬸ϽæҵϿӣϵŮ仰ȻҲ˿Ӵ׼·
׼ʹŮ˼ѣߵʱ򣬻ݺݵĽϽȥϴɾң
˵䣬ת߳˷š
ܼҰͷƿ׼һջӣڷȺôõʱ䣬֪λүڸʲô̾Ϣһȴǹ׼үѾܳʱˡ
仰֮Ȱ׼ҪŮɫһ仰ӦóһܼҵĿУͷȴ˿û⣬׼׼ȴѹûʲôͷϻˣ߰ɣ
˵ţ׼һ鷿ķȥܼҰͷֻ̾һȥ
鷿
׼һĸģʵʵվһԣʹԴԼĽż⡣
ɭͽȦڿӣһٰͻرѧԺɸˣαٸҴʵʵѧԺѧϰ似ô
һ䣬ѹ
ʵϣ׼ͻѧԺϴεַ˵ֻΪ˸ַһӡƾĵλûа취ԼĶӷУǿɾЦˣ
Ͼ޲ֻѧԺѧԺһˣ۹ģȻ޲ιϵϴڵжԣϣ޲Ҳ֪Լֹ˵ģһ±ɰѱ˻ǱߣҲεĽǶϱԼͬ⡪ҿǺ⿴ĶΪһϸ嵽޲صĵϣϾ޲ؾûһȨֻƾӵʥʵ㹻ֲˣȻȻԼԽԽãңȻҲ֪ɭ͢Щϵܼӵù͢Լ޲أҵҲڿ
ǣף֪ˡ׼ȥޱȡ
ߣһȥܵκѾߵ˶ˣԼúѧ㶫ɭ󲹳һ䣺ҵ֮ǰƽһ𣿸Һúõѧѧôˣ
׼ɫЩѿȴҶײǳ飬ŲԸǡ
ѧԺ޲ص鷿֮С
ʲôӼ֣ϰüͷ

޲س̾˿ſЦҴӦ˰ַڡҲ֪˵ĶӸַϵãַ֪ͨҵģַѾˣôСһǼְ
ϰ޲˲ĹϵҲ޲صĵǣ޲ôһ˵ʱо¹ȻĺǼְ


ʮһ ҶҪ
ѧԺԭַ˵֮С
ʲô
һӴš
Сһǣڰ˳ɡϰصƣѾˣǱǸ
Ժ鷿֮ûлȥˣ
ȶӴվ˫ͬǦһأòײϰصǰ˵ַˣ
ǵģۿĶһǸϰ̾һȥʱѾˡ
ôܣȶȻһƾʵѵһˮ˶Ȳ
ϰزûлشȶĻǳĬƬѯһ䣺СӣûǴĻӦýбȶɣ
ǣҽбȶȶһ䣺ҵʲôϵ
Ķӡ
ϰ߶һ䣬ɫϼˣҪ֪Ǹ֮ǿ־֮ҪףʷϷеˣżսʿû
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Ե䣬ȶԼ̾һͷȶǵģؽ˵ȫʵġ
ȷϣȶı˲̣վԭأȻǲַܽѾȥʵ
ϰؿҲ̾ϢѣͶȥһζĿ⣬ƺڸмûȥȻ˿һƣǱǸСǣϢѾڵһʱ֪ͨˣұҪȥϢˣȻҵҪŲסˡ
û˵ȶһ㵵ӣҲûϰصĻ˫װҵǸվԭЩ֪룬˶ûнϰصĻ
ϰؼ˲ûм˵ʲôأ̾Ϣһת߳˷ţʧ˵֮С

ȶ
Ľһ˵֣ȻͲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
һ˵ַֻҪӮС㣬ÿΪһأɲ롭
ĬƬ̧̣ͷĿһ۱ȶĿתչһ±ȶҳȥһˡ
иһ˿ɻȻ֪ҪȥʲôҲѯʣֻʶĵ˵ͷ
̾ϢһѾ͵ıȶļת߳ᡣ
һᣬԥĳѧԺԺȥѾһַˣҲҪʬ壡
Ҫַ̳ʬ壬¾ֻȥ뱣ѧԺԺ޲ˣҲֻʥǿߣܴݵĽаɣ
ϰص˼֪λԺ˲ûȥַʬĴ㣬ԼȥԺ˵Ļ»ʸڣΨһķҵԼĸףƾԼ׺Ժ˵ĹϵӦòܾôһССɣ
ⶼܾˣԼҲǾˣֻǡϧһŰ
ţܿѧԺԺǰΪѧԺѧԱѧԺԼҲԼ򷢻˼壬Ҫϵ壬Ǿֻҵſڸŵֿˣֿ˸ԼļԴˡ
ǣߵԺ֮ǰͿһӰѧԺӰͬʱǰһ
С㣬ǰԶԶĳ尲ݴһк
ҲѾ˰ߵߣͲԭǲ˵ĶӰƽʱҶ㶼ôһλҴкأ

̾һϲûгε飬Щࡣ
ݿıﲻɵЩ棬Ͻߣʵôˣѵ˵Ĳô
ûСϽһ䣬⣺С㣬ģһ顣
Ŷ
ݰĺܳһȻӣԭҰæŻҴк
˰ݻеĲĬ˺һ·һصľŻ˵С㣬ַˡ
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һ仰ֱðݸоԼشһ㣬סˣ
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ûĻһ㣬ЩӲվԭأ˸ŸӵĹâҲ֪ڿʲô
ûзӦſݳªգǰ˻֣С㣿
ڻعн˽࣬ӵĿһ۰Щɬ˵ַ硭ˣ
ʱѧԺߵĿ־ɭַƽںˮУ˫ƯһЩһַϣһЩѾյַıǿ׺֮䣬Ŭ˿ַͣƺڸһ㡣


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Щְݵûж룬̾Ϣһְѷ˵Ļظһ顣
һΣݾţһ仰Ҳû˵һֱ˵꣬˵֪ˣ԰ɡ
ȥЩįȴû⣬һͬ⣬ѯʵǡС㣬׼ʲôʱȥԺˣ
ڰɣ
һһ䣺ɣҽȥʸףһнҾͳ㡣

Ű޲ص鷿֮ǰڰݽ鷿֮󣬰оͿʼ㷲
Щ꣬ʱ̧ͷ죬ǹ۲ɫһ㡣
һӡӡ
ƽղ֪ܹȥʱ䣬ڴ˿̣ȴоΪ
ڣԼȥһ̶ӵʱ䣬ݵӰ˳
ˣϽӭȥǣտݵɫоͲһ
ɫӣֹҸ㡭
Ȱ˵꣬ЩɥĴϣԺһûͬɣллˣС㣬֪Ҳˡ
˵ţ׼תȥݵһ仰ȴͻȻŷ
ǣײûͬ⡣ݸϽ͡
Ǿ˵ԺͬˣȻתѾһ˿ϣ
ݿȴ̾һ˵˵ǸСʥǿȥҲУ
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ԭء
ʱ򣬲֪ͨʲô;ѧԺַ֪ѶеѧԱǲɵö۷׷ףܶ˶ʾϧȴֻһʱ˵ʲôĶУмݰĽַСʱȴ˵˷
Һû޸ȻĻҪعһ𣿡
ǰǰȻһţȴû뵽Ǹ
һЩַȴַܾС壬˿̸ǳЦ
Ļã˭֪ҪôǿʵŲȥͷأ
˵仰СԼһеʵȥڹŮǰ԰ڣһ絫ȴʵõ״ϣյڹŮǰε
ܶ˾ǵõһֵԼʱ򣬲ŻЦ
ȶЩַĳЦ֮ߣ¾ȥѵһЩļһҺñʱסûзУ԰ɱ¼
ѧԺ۷ڵʱһ޲ضȥС֮УеַȴһܳΡ
һǸϣҼԼŮѣŮһͣ·ߵİµA6ʻϵ˵Ц֮һַֻ̣оһεĵԼϺݺݵĸţѪ컹һΣ
˺İʹǿҷŭţ
ƲסԼߵǰһȭ˵粣ϣе̴ŭ³Ҫѵַ硣
ǰŸ߳ţַһȭϣѹȥӻһѴʹȥͼַȴоʹһ㣬ѹסӣ
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֪˶ãӵѾַҵѪģԴţѱַۣȫ̱ڳУȻѾʱַԶԶ˾ѵ̧ͷȥͿԼǸŮѾŵɫףֻԶԶ˿
ַ³ӲܣһӵеĴӣתŮȥŮѿַʱŵĴУ
֪ΪʲôʱַͻȻӿһɶٶȳ嵽Ůߣһץסͽ
ŮѵɫɷףַзӰӣͿԼϵѪ
ʣȻҾͿǹˣ
ԶԶ˲پ죬һһǹ׼ַ粢
ַ翴һְۣĿתصŮѵϡ
ŮѾŵĴȥʱعַУſңûķ
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ַоԼеѪŮѡȻ˵Ļ
оԼ౻Ѫģ˰λ˵ͬʳƬ
ǰ˫ʱȴֳ־ӣַһ޷Ƶķŭŭ֮ǿȻѹƣ˵ȴԵɳ֮һֱãÿ칤ϰ࣬µнˮЦƽ㹻ˡǣȴ벻һĻҶȥ
֪Ϊʲôַ仰ŮѵͻȻһ˿ģͿÿǵǮܸʲôһӣҪ϶ꣿ
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ַͻȻݺݵĽŮѴϣѪ֮Ůƺٴŵˣ˵һ仰
ԶҲַ缤ĶʲҪŭСӣſʣǾͿǹˣ
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ַֻозŭʢУͻȻֳһ仰
һǷ¸ҹ۸ҲҪ
һҪһӵƽˣҪһ˼סֵĶͽֻһ˲䡭
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һַ̣ͻȻܳһǿҵĵžžΪܱȥ
Ůѣַڵǿе鴤һ˲ͱճһ߸ʬ
ء
ʱҲڿǹˣӵ׼ȷַоһѪ
ء
ǹַϣַ类޴ĳҲſѾΪʬð̵Ůѡ
һַ̣оԼԵڵأǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ


ʮ ø
ַоԼһƬڰǰУΧƺûһƵƮš
˿̣֪ΪʲôоԼĳƽһû˿
ңںڰ֮Уȴоůģ·ع鵽ĸһ㡭
ڡƽ
ַ˿رůĸоɵñ˫ۡ
֪˶ãһ˲䣬Ҳһǧꡣ
ַоԼǰһ˿˫ۣǰĹַһԤУǹɹĺ棬ƺʲôȴԼ
ͷһַоΪ˷ܣûκԥ󲽳ȥ

֪˶ãַͻȻоŵһգӶʱ·ȥ
һֱͼץסʲôӻ½壬ǣȴֻץһƬա
Խ׹ַԽǿֻţصһ˲䣬ֱоҪɤۣ
һ̣ʵȻ˫ۣ
˫۵һֱַ̣ƺûдӿֻлָͬʱۿһܣ֪ŲֻһΡ
ĴһΧַŽ֮ǰ飬ƺЩģ˺ܴ󾢣ģ뵽ĶԼק˺С
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˵ĶĶʬ嶼ûп
ѵʬѾԽƯԽԶˣ
漴ʱɻԼΪʲôû˵оͱô
ţһٴַɻ
ԼˮУȴܺ
û¹ˮһȥһЩˮıϴӾ˭֪ˮǲܺģ
ԼΪʲôܺأ
ʣַϸϸĳܿȥֻΧĺˮΪ峺ȴԶԶߣһˮεʱӹԼߣȴûκι˼
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ȻʣȴҲ֪Щʲһʱܽģ֮£Ӿ͸ΪҪˡ
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ַĿⲻɵЩߵϡ
ӦÿԳ԰ɣ
ַ֮Ҳܲô࣬·𿴵һ߸ԼǰٳԼһֻȥַֻιûԶԶߣתԴҡβͣƺǸһ㡣
ַɲ߲ˣ˿ֻһ뷨ôôԼҲܣ
ţַѾεϣ׼ץȥʱͻȻоϷһ
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̧ͷϿȥ㿴һСʯһ建
ʲôѵ˭ˣͶ˸Сʯӣ
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ַʱֻΧЩɢε࣬ͻȻͷͬʱ³Ǹٷȥգ֮䣬ΧһȦߵ
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ϢΧһȦͬʱһ⣬һյ޴ħһ㡣
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ˮеĴٶȼ죬ϱĵΪһ壬ĵ͸ˮַߣ
ܵӿȵĵַвΪ
⡭ǵ磡
ڿＫΪ΢ĵϣȻȣ
ضϷȺ¶˼ɫ
һֱѰҵĽݾⲻô
Ȼ֪Ϊʲôǿĵ֪ԼȴһõĻᣡ
ԼԶಶ׽һЩϵĵǿԼ
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ʱѾŽˮеСΧһʵַͿΧľʲôǹȵĵҲֻһ˲ϱűʧˣЩˮеǸС֮󣬱һɢɢںε
ַһԼĲµĶôˣԼΪܿƵǵͬ࣬ɣ
Ǽӡ֤Լ뷨ַܿεһߣһѾͽ׽סǣֻǶַ缫Ϊ׽һ㣬㱻ַ׽סˣҲҲûбǰǹɵ
ַ粢û⣬ץסһ̣Ѿܵĵ㣬һַ̣ԥ̴һ˿˿ӿڣʱڵĵںϡ
ܵ˿ںϣַһϲڵĵܣ
ַͨƣԴԴϵĵӿڣʱоһӯֻǹһСһֻͱַϡ
ңַԾķֻ֣һֻԼڵĵﵽ˱ͣ
ͬʱҲЩϧΪһգַоԼڵĵͬʱҲǿ׳Լļ⣬ȴû˿ߣԼڤﵽЧǲͬģ
ҲʱַȴٴϷһ
ۡ
һСʯӵ³
еٴһӵϣ
ַвƣ˭ôģͣС壿
뷨ַһ˿ʧȥѾȥԽ˿ռָ㶯ȥΪ˿мΪ棬Ͼ־ɭһ˿ɶǲġ


ʮ 
ַ罥ȥھˮʱͣ͸ˮַܿʱɫѺڣ¹âķ£Ȼܵ谭ǿܿ龰
´һۣԼλþ밶߲Զڰߵľ֮䣬վһӰӡ
ߵԭַʵڿ˵òɵٴǱһЩˮ򰶱ߵķȥ
һΣٴ͸۲찶ߵʱܿӰòˣֻǣ֮ĵȴɻ
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ߵǸȻŮӣƽĲ֪öŮĽʣǰСС·ƺҪܲס˫Ĺͣ·ʱгƵΣգӯӯһյС״Բ·һԳ˫Ȳ˸˵¹ӳ֮¸һıɴƽ˼ֹ°ʣΧڰɭ֣֮Уһ˿ķΧֻǣѩ׾ϵףȴʵ˲ҹάˡ
·Ǳùһ㣬Уһֻ۾˱ӵ棬һ硶͡죬ŤŤĹϣǡһֻݵ󡣡
ôһǰеղɵöƻˣ¡Ҳû˻Ȥ˰ɡ
˲ǱˣǱѧԺԺ۹ĹˡʥǿߵŮݡ
ݾźһֽһСʯӣһֻȡһʯӣͶ
ۡ
ʯӦˮַϽ·ȥͿոɢٴһӵϣȵֻգ֮䣬СʯӾʧ˺ˮ
ַһƺʲôֻǣûüץס˿УϵİݣĵĿˡ
û뵽ô׾˰
ᣬ֮ǰַеӡȻ෴յĻɢ͸ˮ棬ַĶС
˵仰ݱĬһȡһʯӣͶȥǱǸ˵ʵ߽ʬҪԶСˡ
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ͰĴɣÿһʱҶġ
Ͷȥһʯӣ̾һһһҪأֻûѽ
֪ܲɣȥϢѧԺﶼˣֻû뵽ܶ˾Ȼ˵Ļ˵ǸбȶļһΪ㣬ѧԺ˴ȻҺܺ㣬Щ˵㻵ʱȴ÷ǳߣǵʵͲ㣬ȴô㡭Ǹ׳˵԰ɡģһʰЩ쵰ģǡһűľɣ
˵һ䣬ɵ³һʣµʯӾӵ˫֣ظҪˣȻ׻ᵣĵġһģ
˵ţת뿪ֻǸûȴ뵽ʲôһһ£ͻȻת˵һ䣺˸㡭ʵµĲҵȷǴһߣֻǣ㲻ῴˡ
£˺һ̾һƺЩʧ䣬վתȥһһɭķȥʧ˺ڰ
ַŸ棬ŰȥķĬһ˫֮УʱŵâҲ֪ڿʲô

ʱǺҹ־ɭ֮һƬžֻɭСϵһɭһ˿
ַϰ֮㳶˼֦ûȼģ˿̵Ѿռָ븹С
ܵ˵ζһֻַĶӣֻԵȴԵЩ䡣
ʱַлһʹֵΣŮоЩ
ò˵ַѾȥʮһ꣬ʮһʱ䣬˺Ҳϲ٣ԼѾǰĲˣǣһȴٴγʹĸо
еǸ˿ֻ˱ɣ
ַһҪʹĸоѹĵף֪ΪʲôݷһЩϧȴڴʱַͷ
ȻԼһΣ֮ʣԼŮѶԼȥЩνѣǸʱ˼һ㣡
ֲ֪Ϊʲôַ˰ݵǾ仰˵ǸбȶļһΪ㣬ѧԺ˴
ƺ˱ȶΪԼŭӣһĪůŨŨ˲ӿ
ַͻȻЩ꣬ץԼͷԴ˫֮䣬һԵ𷢳žƺǰʾַҲ
ڣַȻͷ˼ĵ׵ķʹѹȥٿЩ顣
ֻһŻὫЩʹʱǰɣ
ַһ䣬һۿе£һ̣ԥֻͨһַѾͶ˺ˮ


ʮ ·
ûַʹӺϰˮʪ·ϼΪܣȰԼ·ȫԵļªϡɭҲˣûʲôҰ޳ûǹӵҲʲô
Ȼʹӿռָͳֻе˵ϣЩһأڵֻǣ뿪СǣȻȴûʲô͡
һУֵַڵϣץһֻͷǰ۲
ַץסֻһַƱַֹͣҲȥԭϸϸع۲ǰ
ճȴǼĶͷϳźü۾һһƺڽĺһ۾ܿмݣ
ַ翴һЩħ޵ϣϸĿ˺һģʾ֭ȴҲû֡
ĶƬַ̣ȻһԼǰһΪ࣬ǵõܲԻĵǰЩƣֻǰȵҪϲ٣ĵҲҪȵǿĶˡ
ַȴô࣬Ȼ˵࣬Ϊǰ˵֡
Ϊַ֣ҲͲٶϵͿʼڵĵ
ʱ佥ţץڵĵѾַյĸɸɾֻѾȥ徲ڵ϶Ҳ
ַѾԵĸоǿȵڵĵҲѾﵽ˱͵״̬ǣľȴûһ˿һ
ַ粻ͷյķʽͲԼľֻǿԼ塣
ԭؾĿŰ취ǲµģ㲻ѧϰħǾҲǼ
ȣԼһܿƶٵ뾫ǿҹյľ룬Ҳ뾫ҹԼľڵĵǿҪСǾͺñԼڵ״̬˵ļħʦľȴֻȫٿħҪٿļħǾͻоΪ
ƵĶ٣Ҳھǿͨ׵˵ַľԽǿһԿƵĵҲԽǿ
ͺñַһ鴢ž޴ĵأǿʹصķʽ
Ե̸Ƿڵӵңʹ䵱綯ĵƿҲʹʹõļֵ϶ͬ
о޴̫ĻǸͲȫӳ
ַٵ⣬ڴˡ
Ŀǰַӵļħʦľħƿսʿʵֻǿȴܽ磡
Ͼʵɶǿȥġ
Ҳ˵ԽǿܴĵҲԽ࣬ǿȳַ帺ɵʱ򣬾Ͳܴ£˷ʧˡ
ַǿȣǿյǿġ
ǿҲֻѭ൱ڴһһߣжٵȫս֮С
Ȼĳַֽٿе΢ı׶⣬ǣҲַǾǲ߾ˡ
ڵַ·
һյĵһһǿ壬ϴͳսʿĵ·ȻҲܿһЩÿʹܴﵽļˮƽԺֻ̾ǶһֿʵķֻҪܣרյʵһܿ졣
ڶͳڤ뷽ʽ߾һһյͬʱǿȣַĺôǾսʿ͵ʵͬʱǿ󣬵ٶȻմͳڤ뷽߾֪²Ͽˮ׼
취յԼľǿһרڤһ㣬ͬʱǿ壡ַĺôȻ˵ǣַڸͲ֪ʲôͬʱ߾壡
רڤòڵϣҪյϵĵֱֻգҲֻǿ׳壡
ǰ·ַģֻе·ַ뷨ֻǣʲô취ܴﵽרڤЧأ
ַ羲ڵϿţ·һһȻ
ʱһţת֮䣬̫ѾӶðͷ
̫ضʱ汻Ĳԣַϣоůġ
ʱ򣬸ϵů⣬ַȴһȻ뵽һ
һַļ䣬
˴۵Ĺâ̧ͷнӭҫ۵Ĺԣַеãʧȡּ֮ķϲ
һ˼ʱ뵽һ취
һ̣Ҫӡ֤취һ㣬ַ˷ܵĿһһ´ӵԾ·ɭִ񱼶ȥ


ʮ ˮڤ
һַʹɭֵĸѼ˲СʯӣֱӽԼĿռָ֮С
صߵʱƲסе˷ܣʰһѣһͷԽ˺ˮ
ַ翴ҫ۵⣬ͻȻ뵽ˮͶСʯӷ顣
СʯУĵһӵϣֱˮе̫Щȵͬˮд
ַİ취Ҳܼ򵥣ǲˮСʯӣЩͣطŵ繥ʯӣԼͿˮչרڤЩȵĵǿԼˣ
Ҳ˵ֻĻˮѣ
뷨ַƲסеļϽˮһʵλãһһСʯУһ״̬һСʯԶȥ
ַƵСʯԶƮȥеĵǸӦʲôһ㣬ͷСʯӳȥٴһŽСʯӰΧһ̣еĵַܵӿȵĵ
ЩַͶһСʯӣЩٴһӵϣĿ⣡
˼Σַڰպ˼ʱ䣬Щһֱͣķŵ磬ſԼڤ״̬
ǣַȴЩ̫ӦϾڤʱҪרעͳڤ뷽ʽҪ̶ƣַרڤ벻ҪرƣҲҪȫעôһҪֳһ˿ԼСʯӡ
˽ӽСʱʱ䣬ַ粻ʯӵˣǵڤ״̬ղˮԴԴϲĵ
ַ֪ɵĵϰȻ֮ǰûյ˿ĵӣڽӽʱ򣬳ɹյ˵һ
ϰһַַȻЩӲѾܱʯӵͬʱڤ״̬ˣս˵һĵ˲˺ܴģ
һܵӿȵĵΧԼߣֻһоԵĳɳ
Ǿ壡
ַСĵѹסеļһ߽רڤ״̬һ߷ٿʯӡ
Լ˰СʱңַͣͶ
ΧеĵʱɢһգĴε
ֻǶ̶̰Сʱҵʱ䣬ַ˾޴ջзɿļһ£ˮڤ룬ڿյٶҪʮ
СʱյĵԼ൱½Ͻӽʱ䣡
Ҳ˵ˮһСʱĵ½ϲҹһ죡
ˮеÿһֻǶ̶̱һ˲ĵǼҲһǿ
ȻĻΪżǿߵĶˮأ
һַ֮ͣԭ򣬵һԭȻǶӶˣ֪Ѿϰ磬Ȼһҹû˯ڤİСʱϼ˷ܵһ˯⡣
ڶԭΪʯľˡ
ˮǱԵ뷨Բûռܶʯӣңֻж̶̵һ˲䣬һȥͶʯӣʱ򣬱ѾĹˡ
ַãȻȷ취ɹǾͲؼһʱ
ץһڵĵ֮󣬾͸Ͻϰˡ
ȻַһͷɭȥѰСʯˡ
ֵһǣַ粢ûд·Ҳ֪ɭʲôﶼûУΪСԭ򣬸ûж˸ҽɭ֣ǽɭ֣ŶСĿ־壬Ҳɭߡ
ַͲõʲô
ַǸ⣬Сıȥʯˡ
ռһʱ䣬ֱ̫ȥʱַڽԼռָʣĿռˣɵ³һֱӻصߣһͷԽˮһΣûнץһ͸Ͻ˰
һѰѾַ缢ꤣڽַֻ֮ˮȥˡ
Լڤ״̬ȴԴԴϵİһĽͶСʯӣΧĵһӵϣһ⻹δȥʱַͶ˵ڶСʯӣӶﵽ˵ֹ״̬
ڤַԴԴϵĵžĿߣޱϲá
·ܲʱţȫĵͶ뵽յ֮Уһҹʱ䣬ڤ״̬յɹġ
յַֹ̫ͣ˼ȴ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
ֻǶ̶һϵʱ䣬ȴܵ˾޴ջ
ֻһϣַľѾļн׵ˮƽǿѾӽ۷壬ԤƣֻҪһʱ䣬ܴﵽļ۷壬ԼսʿʵͻƵļ
ֻҪﵽļǾӵжˣ
ֻҪӵ˶ԼʵͻһΣ
Щջֻ˶̶һϰˣ


ʮ о
һַ֮һͷˮڤ״̬ȻͶʯӵĽҲ
·Ѿ֮ȫĵͶ뵽յ״̬֮С
ҲֻǴҴҳԹ͸Ͻһͷ˺ڵµ֮ʱַսʿʵͻƵļ
ͻƵһ̣ʶֹͣеͶһһҹĵǣҲڵõ˱Ϣʱ䡣
ڤѹַ֮רĵĹ۲ڵ
ͻƵļսʿһ˲䣬ַֻǴﵽĳֱһ㣬һǵ״Ļɫ״ʴһһɢ
ֻɫһڲַһֲĸоԼϵĳ֫һ
ַ֪ɫνĶ
һɫĶȫһ˲䣬ַ͸ܵ˲ֻͬԼٶȡǷӾԼ֮õ˺ܴ
ϲͬʱһһ顣
ȻԼڵĵںϵħУǵܲ붷أ
뷨ַ볢ԣǵˮʧ٣;ϰԡ
ϣַѾһҹ·͸Ͻڵϣֻ֣һֵֻʳָðһɻɫĶһֵֻʳָðһ˿ĵ
ϴջԪʧܵĽѵַɲԼעԱָϸԷһЩ׼һС͵飬ʧˣԼҲʲôʧ
ַסСĽָݵһֻ޵һ˿ڽӴɫʱûκ谭׵ľ˶֮УͣŶĵ㣬Ȼ󣬱û˶
ǣҲֻ룬ںϣ
Ϊַ緢Ȼ˽ȥȴħֱںϵħ֮УǱһ㣡
Ҳ˵ûΪӶ仯ǽһɵ˶֮С
ͨİַѾоԼʧȥ˶һ˿Ŀƣ˵ǶֱӰѵˣ
һʵЩַϣֻҲԭڡ
ڿл΢΢ħʦӦϿȷʵ߱ħʣҲ˵Ҳħһ֣
ַ֪˹ڰħԪ֮⣬ϴŷ硢ˮءħԪأԼյġҲֻħԪء
Уַ飬ϵħǿԸԼںϵģˮϵħȻҲ˵ϾˮǵʼõһԪأڷϵħҲڿеĵЧǾҪһЩˣؼħַǵһײߵþǽأ΢ĵҲַ֪ܲǸѹڵϣǾͻԵΪԲγɺܶѹȵͬԲͬԲϣ֮ͻеѹ粽ѹʹ˴磡
ô˵ϵħǶǿԵģ
ǶףҲֻһ֡ˣħԪصıʲͬԣںϵҲ֮ˡ
ַֺȻ뵽˵ĵУҲ˵ĸѵ֣ʱԼ˫Ϯʱ򣬵ֱӾ͸Ķϣ
ʬ嶼ûƼĶԼĵǴ͸żĶ
ȻĻĶôᱻԼһ߽أ
뵽ĶַͻȻһ
ŻԼеʱĶԼļ
ǡԼںʱûио˿ʹ
뵽ַʶԼ򴦿ȥȴǹ⻬ޱȵƤ
ܻԼͷһ£Ȼڼûһ˿̺ۣ
⡭⵽Ϊʲô
ַԭΪԼĻָãҲʼˡ
ǰһ仰˽һ죬Լûйħ¡ûжָЧ£ԵĹۣȻôȬˣ
һ˿̺۶û£
㵵ַڿǵ⣬ȴôҲ벻ףֻܹ鹦Լʱ˵ʲôˡ
Ҳ֪˵Լºͷֻʱ
ҪģǸ֮Ĺϵ
ַһ飬ͬǿȵĶ벻ͬǿȵĵ໥룬ԴΪͻƵ㣬ͼѰԼҪҵɡ
飬ʧܣûַɥڹһСʱַ֮ϸԭ
һ飬ַ˼΢Ķ붷ǿʮĵͼڣǵֱӴԽ˶谭䵽˸Ǹָϡ
飬ַҲ
򵥵˵԰ǰǶ㹻ǿǿȲĻǵֱӴһʮ
Ҳ˵ǿȱȶκһͻƵǿʮôͲܵİݣӶ
磬ĶǴεϮȻַֻһСսʿȫĵѹеһ㣬ǾͱĶһûоѹĶǿϸ߳ʮ
ӶֱӴĶĶϡ
⣬ַжʱһᣬֻҪԷĶԼĵǿʮԼĵڶԷϣ
ѹҲѹֻǣ˫ʵ̫ҲûһѹбԵķңѹ֮λֱʧȥ˶ı˵ѹзֶΣ򲻵ѣû˻ʹó
ôԼֲΪ֪ĵһνռ˼ıˣ
뵽ַ˲١
͵׼ҪյʱȴͻȻǰԶһŮӾʧңƺЩ죺
ѽ㣬ôûûû


ʮ СòҪ£Ǻ
ܵ˴̼һ㣬Ͱ͵Ĳǿ˵һ䡣
ַһۿȥͿվԼǰԶĵطһֻ첲ڻƽգƺץһСʯӣһֻ첲ңңָԼªϷž㵵ɫ
ַҲһȫעͶ뵽Уû־ɭֵҲˣȻ֮ǰ˵ȴ벻ֻǼһ죬ٴ
ݷַвţϾԺŮϰؾԼɾԺµԼ÷ѧԺҲ㲻ʲôϾҲҪȥϰغԺʾл
ԣ˿̼ݣǽٺңַоȻоЩУĻعϽվȥ΢ЦǰҺˣѲ
ǣݿַ糯߹ȥͻȻһå
ͻȻŤͷȥһסԼ۾ͬʱյַֻ˹
һַֻ̣СʯǵصĳԼҲ˰ݵУɵпЦ
ԭַû뵽ɭˣҲΪˮķ㣬һֱûд·һû뵽Լڰоʱ򣬰ݻͻȻңɺϵԼû·˵ˢһ¾վ
㿴ˣҳԿ˺òã
ַǵû죬оԼݿǳԿǣ룬ǵصʯӾѾǰ
ȻǰݻҼͶϾһļսʿͶһǲС
ң֪ǰݹ⣬ʶģͶʯӵķ򡭡ֱַָ£
ա񶾵С椣
ַŭһϽԷԼСܵ˺ڵһʱ㿪ǵصʯӣм׼ȷĻԼСϡ
ҺáؼʱַϽöסСܣûܵʲôص˺
ϽץԼ·ڿ䣬ŭĳȥ
ʱѾҹ˾ʱ¹ڰϣƽ˼ģʶŤͷȥһ¾Ͱѩ׵Ĳӱ¶ַ
˿̣ѩ׵ľϸһ˿̺죬ַ翴ʶĴһ£ߵߣҿСҲ̫˰ɣұ㿴ҲˣȻҪҵӣ
ַڶߣʶջڵ˫۵ƣַһۣȴһ죬һŭ㡭촩·
ַ˰һۣٶȴ·ƲƲ죬ˬˣѾˣ
˵ţԹԵǵģҶ㿴ˣȻһһˬı顭
ַתͷȻҲַϳŭı飬ȴֲ֪ηַ磬ֱʹĶ˶ţŭȵ㡭̬
˵꣬ƺǲһ㣬ɫ̧һȭͳַ
ҿ
ַʶĴһ䣬˷ӦֻҲɫûжݵĻ́һƾͳݵȭͷӭȥң֮Уһǿļʮѹ
ݵĹʧȥǵʶΪַȻľ͵ֵס˰ݵһȭңͨĵĴݣеĵֱ͸ݵĶϡ
ַ粢û˺˼ǿҲֻ˰ݿԳܵķΧ֮ڡ
ܵİݻһ̵סӣһ˹еķŭʧȥȡ֮һɸӵɫһַָֻ磬Щţ㡭Ȼж
ǵȻ
ַ߲ûûжղһ¾ܰˣ
һ£ȴЩɬԭԭ֮ǰǳҲǹˡ
ӲɵСͻȻַֻһʶѿڶûУһѾˣҲֻǸողͻƶѡ
仰ɫÿһЩͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬Ǿȵˡ˵ˣ㡢ô
һšֻδȻɫ䣬ȫǣڳһսģݺݵ㲻ѾˣҲûôǿʵͲַ磡˵㵽˭
Űݵļƣַ粻оЩЦ̾һ˫ֱżյ˵һ䣺һò˵ߣǲҪǿҡء
仰ݴһ£ȻûϵԼϷˣеĻڴ˿̻ᱻַ˵ڣԭϾҲֻһʮŮӣʱһ죬ַѧŮǿðݾϹ̣˿̣޲Ҹطȥ
ԭеսƱַһ仰ʱɾʱİѾ쵽˲ӣЩҵվԭأ֮мһ˿
ַ翴ݾȻ¶һеĽģͻȻһһЦĳŰݴȥ
㡢Ҫʲô
ĻҵİʶĺһΪַܴӶӰ϶һ˿š
ٺ١Ҳʲô
ַ绵ЦһͻȻٳ嵽ǰ⧲İд󾪣ûӦַһѱ㱧ס
ַܵưԼĺ󱳣ֻûһҲʹ
ûпڣַͻȻһֳֻץȥС椿ҵ壬ҿҲ㳶ƽˡ
ַ绹һ䣺СòҪ¡Ǻˣ


ʮ 
ݻһҲʹ˿֮̾ҲһĪĿֻ
Сʹһųªߣʵֺǿĸ޲ݸ߹λ磬ʵǿʥǿߣûԸ⣡
˵ݻڣӴԣ¾ĸˣ
ңС͸ûг޲˴壬һαַססˣ
ȻСٳֵҲֻǰСԻڣСΪݳªòҲֻǰѵĲ϶ѣ԰С㵱ʱʵɲֿ
ַɲܰô룬ŵ¹⣬Ѿ˰ϳªѩ׼ıԵλһֵָֻ̣⣬ᴥһ°ݵӡ
˲䣬ֻоһ֮˲仯Ϊհף
ַҲԸо˰ݵı仯ɲֻʮһͣһʱǿİ鶯Ƭ˵ҲǵӰԱݼβ룬Ҳַѧ˲Ů˷ľ顭ȻҪĿΪˣһоݵķӦͲ˸࣡
С椹ȻǵһôܵĽӴ԰
ַץס˰ᣬָס߱ԵĲλ֮߱һĽҿ
ŰݵݽǰַһĶʱڿ
죡
һŸôݰ
ַһƬڵӰҲֲͬŮݵһ̣ǺܲĴסˡ
ѩ׵Ӵƣµټֱջƽ죬Щ͹Ķͷһŵһ˫ü֮£һһһ룬Сɵıһ΢΢ſʺ촽һɼµˡ
˵ģ⡭ֱһ
һ̣ʱ·һ㣬˾ôŶԷŶԷĺ߶Է
¹ϣƬĺߣ˵Ӱӽ
ַϾӵΪ˵ľ飬ȻڰʵòǺܿͻعоԼЩڸ촽˵ôƯһС椣ΪʲôҪһªأ
ַݵ𽥻ָǣȴͬʱһɷŭ
Ҫܣ
ͻȻһַ绳һַųªߣϽַ֮Ҫһ㣡
ַ类ӦЩĪüͷǰһιû°ɣǿ˿õô𣿡
ݿַ߽ϽֺеķŭȴȻί۽Ѿˮַ쵰
˵䣬ͻȻתӲַ磬ȫ¶ĳɭ֮ȥ
ַ練Ӧգ֮䣬ʧַǰ
ŰȥķַЩͷԣʶ˵һ䣺ҿǿ˿ڸĸǿķӦһô

ѧԺ֮С
˿еѧԱѾ磬ѧԺ֮Եø壬ݶһѧԺĵ·ϣѾߵӿʲô
ôţ·ûĿһ¹ϣӰƽ˼į
ıЩͣƺûдӷŷлع
֪ݾѾ޲ص鷿֮ǰûҪȥ˼ɻǰȥֻǣȴûע⵽鷿ķѴ򿪣ںڰе޲ĵ
޲ؽ챾һֱ鷿˳ȥַûκڸղŵʱλʥǿ׵ľͲѧԺı仯򿪷ŵʱ򣬾ͿԼŮԶԶĳԼ
ǣȴߵԼ鷿ǰ˹ȥûԼ˼
޲Կ˰ƺЩ겻ᣬüͷסݣǷʲô
ɾţ뵽ĳ֮УһжûʲôоţȴͻȻԼһͷײǽϡ
ѽ
ʶĽгһ̣ЩԾԼײǽƺûôӲ
˲䣬һݣ̧ͷȥòʱ򣬲һţЩ㵵ס
޲ؾĿԼŮƽû͸¶˿ݣô㻹ʲô
ҡ˯šݵĿЩ
޲Ȼǿ˰ݵĲ֮̾˿ѹǲǡĸˣ
һ仰·һͱ˰ݵĵףͻȻһͷԽ޲صĻУʹףĸİʲôʱܼĸװΪʲôʮ֮ǰұҪһųª߲ܼ˰
⣬޲һͻȻĬ˺һ̾һеŮ̺֮һ˿ɬΪŮ


ʮ ֮
ת֮䣬ʱѾȥѧԺָֻ֮յƽϿѵѧԱǶʼæµַ飬ҲڽֻżиѧԱѵʱͻŻһЩСĲ
磺ߣʲô˲û˵ַֻʮһ;ܻӵļսʿʵİС㣬Ѿ˰ɣǣ㿴³𣿲ȫʬû𣿡
ȻʾСֻǸһЩͷԺõСѾЩŵ⣬ܽЩԼ˹ļӣЩ
ò˵ѧԺյѧԱϱѧԺǺܸߵģͽյһмѾڵһѵʱչ¶ͷǡ
Ʃȶƾ˳ɫʵѾС嶼Ǳȶ̬ȴܼһСԼڨھܾվŵİСȴ
Ƕ֪˲ĳӣӵм̳оλȨЩȳֻܻϼΪһӸũС壬ɲȥᣬԣܱߵĻ㰲
˱ȶٹĿ֮⣬һΪΡѧԱȴע⣬Ϊνֻʮһͣȴӵսʿʵ
ʮһսʿʵǿַ簡
ѧԺеѧԱǸ̾ͬʱȴ̲סšȻҲʵַܲʵܰСأ
ѧԺԺ޲ȻҲע⵽ΣֻľȴʱûзεϣΪβţΪǵʥ򹫾ѾһΪҪﷳ֮ˣ
ʱ䣬Ըоݴͬգ֪ʲô̼հԼڷﲻһң֮ǰʱ򣬰һ־ҵԼԼһĻϢ
Ϣ޲вŭޱȣǵõʱô˵ģסҷ֣ҵʵȻڷ
ʵһĺ£˭ϣԼʵܿٵأ
ǣ޲ףʵ԰˵ȴһΪֲ飡
ŭ֮µ޲زɵһܣһץס˰ݵļ򣬳ʵݡңǲݱ˭ˣ
ʱݵıЩʹ࣬ȴԥƬ֮󣬻ص˵ͷ
һݵͷ޲صͻȻһɱȻķŭȴЩ˻ƣݣң˭˭ݣȥɱ
Ǳ޲ɢɱˣ㶵޲أ۵׸һ˿ȴһҧݺݵҡҡͷ
Ůҡͷ޲Ȼһϣһ˲˵ˣ
֮ԴСһųªߵԭ˶޲ȴģ
ΪݵţڻŰĸ׵ʱһλǿʦ䣬ʱݵŲ֪ԼѾˣ
˰ݵĸףҲûвʲôֱ֮һ֮󣬵Űĸ׵һγŵʱȴȵķ֣ĸһڷ
ڣݵźϲӵдսʿʵֱԼŮһţ
ǣܿͷֲԵĵطˣڰݵĸײʱ򣬰ݵžֵķ֣ݵĸ׵һ¶ʹı飡
ΪһսʿܿͲԼŮʹԭΪڷ
ݵڷ֣ٳɳڰݵĸ˵һ£
ԭܼ򵥣ÿսʿǿԼ壬ȻŻڴﵽļʱڲҲһ֣ӵѾ㹻ܶ壬ͲõĶݿԼ塣
ݵĸȴͬûоκڲѾ忪ʼܲסˣ
һʵһֽƵȵ£ͬʱעͬѹֽƵ϶ڵһʱƵʵΪʵصĹϵֽܱܳƵʮϰٱѹ
ĸ׵ǸֽƵһ㣡
ֵİݵڵһʱҵ˰ݵ⹫ֵʱݵ⹫û˵ŰݵĸĸŮڵһʱҵϵõĺڰ̻ʣ
ڰ̻ڹ۲˰ĸ֮󣬱˵ôһ仰Ůܵһǿʦ䣬Ǽò˱˵ļʣǿʦŮݼˣһݱѪ˿ͻŮڵе־ͻӶʱĳɳһֱŮɱſϰݣ
ھݵŷ֮󣬺ڰ̻ʸ˽İ취һɱʦƣǵʱʵ̫ˡ»ҵʦŮͳܲסǹɶˡڶ԰ǵŮΪλʦʵǿҲƲֻѹ


ʮһ С
ܿ죬ݵ⹫;˵ڶѡ񣬶ڰ̻Ҳһſ沿仯仯ĳªߣѹǹİ취ǲݣ෴òʾˣңⲻֻһªߣڰ̻ʵأǿѹǹааȽаȫյŻὫƽ⣡
ǣڴϳª֮󣬰ݵĸڵǹٶڴȼ٣ݵĸҲСʼѵΪǹԭںСԷɿٶʵʮڵǹֹͣ
ҲʱҲڿժߡ
ʩչʦôҲ뵽ԼûдﵽĿģԷãôͳһš
ʱȻţݵĸ׼޸޲ز°֮ȴȵķԼʱµ侹Ȼе˰ݵϣǣóԼǸªߣ˰ݵϣʱ򣬾Ϳʼ壬ǣǹĴ£ССͼϲиŬ˶ҲΪŵԭ򣡣
ҲҪÿնֱͣʮ֮мɢ󣬻ǻбĿܣ
ʮ֣Ҳľʱ䣬ԣֻʮ֮󣬲ժʾˣ
ֻǣַ翴ò֮ڵѾߵѹƣȻݵıʵѾףչȥò˶೤ʱ䣬ݾͻᱻǿɣˣ
޲֪ҪסڷĿǰֻ
һѰҵʦɱȻҲͻᱻƽ⡣
ڶɱˣҲǿݵˣֻҪɱĹؼǾðڱָ֮ǰӡ
ٴҵڰ̻ʣٸӣ
ɣַ֮Увͨıǵһְ취Ͼʱô꣬ҪѰʦɾ൱ڴ룡ڶְ취ҲЧİ취޲صʵҪɱݵˣȻ׾٣ֻǣȴ֪ΪʲôܾԼʣµģֻеַˡ
ǣھܾԼ֮ͷҲصľܻķ䣬޲׷ȥʱȴƾţҲӦ
ļ֮µ޲Ŷ룬ȴһֻذ׵Ĳϣʹ˵һ䣺ףҰɣ
޲û˰취ֻܴѹֵ뿪˰ݵᣬݣȴǴλص֮󣬾Ҳû뿪벽һֱ͵˽죡
⼸췢飬޲ôоȥעһѧԺأ
ʱݶԴڷǿնЩʱ䣬ܵڷԼҲǻңȴԸԼĸȥɱǸļһΪҪԼʵֻǸޱʹ޵ˣ
ΪַѾˣǸͷҲȥѧԺﴫ˶ֵַķ̣ݲŻ̲סܵ־ɭֵСַ磬ҲЩϧĸо
ǣȻǸļһû־ǡǸһȻԼԼ߽
ѾʹַˣʱѾٿַΪʲôûֻԼֻܣҺݺݵĽѵļһһ٣
ԭŻܾԼĸɱַ磡
˿̣Ϊһлߵַ磬ȴǸûµһڿ־ɭСϣŬš
ַ粢ûдֱӷѧԺԼķ粨δȥʱԼֵĻֻܿٴһȻ󲨣ԣ׼һʱⳡ粨𽥱ʱ͵͵ķѧԺ
죬ַ粢ûаѶʱ仨ϣϣһںһ飬ΪܺԼΪʲôˮҲܺСΪʲôܲĵ
СͲַֻ˰ʱͰ̽һ飬ȻַҲûα䣬ΪˮΪ峺ֻεһԹ۲쵽ĵطҲͣ
ǣȻַ̽СҲûв̽ʲôȴһɣǾǵһֱڱһ̶Ŀ
ϾַҲǷ壬ҪʳάôʳȫԴںеĵȻַ绹еķ֣ÿԼɱոɾһֻڵò˶һͻһֻµĵַ̲סЩԾ
ΪôĹ۲죬ЩֻںǳˮĲεˮȻѾС̽һ飬ȴûһγɹǱס
ֵӺ׵õʱ򣬾Ͳ׿϶СܣҲںף


ʮ Ѱͻ֮
뷨ַǱ룬ǣǱ뵽һʱȴԼĿǰͳܲס޴ˮѹظ˼޹֮ȲͬʱҲ֣Сֱף
ȻǱȥô࣬ȴûпǸʲôӣϾСĺˮǼΪ峺ģ
Ʋѣַֻʱ̽׵Ĵ㡣
ڶ飬ȴʱţַ緢֣ԼҪֻܴں׽УȻһڤһͶʯѾԽԽַȴʶһı׶ˣ
ǾǡַֻʺСнУ
һԼ뿪Сַ͸ûκ壡
ϾԼɲԶסں߰ɣ
ַȻʶԣѰŽķĴ󲿷ʱ䣬Ҳȫϡ
ļ죬ù෽ûܽ飬һֱʱŽһ·
·Ȼڵϣ
ʱַĿռָѾûһʯӣȻ֪ǰķвַͨѾ취ʱĿռָѾˣ
ַͨϸ¹۲죬ĵ뿪ˮ治ˣܷȥȫǿڵĵ
Ҳ˵ֻҪһֻڻŵͲûˮҲʧȥɣȴңַҲֵ֣óκζСܣֻǵйذɡ
෴ֻҪڵĵַոɾˮ½ϣֻʣһʬˣ
ַŷĵץ˺ܶԼĿռָ
ңַ罫ռָʱΪӡ֤һֻˮ׾ͻḡһֻ뷨ˮͣ˺ܳʱ䡣
ʱ䣬㿴һֻֻˮ׽γֻÿһֻγʱ䶼һļʱַвһ뷨ѵǺʲôڡ족ֵô
뷨ҲַֻлϾڻ벻˺ףԣҲ͹۲һ˰
ȴյķʽ֣ץסһֻϸڽ˵ڣַʱյķַȴֻǿ׳ַ壬ôʧܵ飬ַֻ´ˡ
ǣһΣеĵ͸ڵĵںϵʱûżյŬԼڤ״̬
ڤ״ַ̬ȷܸ֪еϵĵǣȴ޷ڤķʽգ
ַȴգһһ̽Ÿôڤķյڵĵչȴ졣
һֱڰߣ˾ͺȵСĵˮ˾ͳϵ㱻Լĵ·ʱţһһѰյİ취
ڣڽʱһͻȻ
ò˵ƽѾתΪϰߵ飬ȴױǺԡ
ַҲֻһ죬Ȼ뵽ԼտеĵӣˮеĵӣһǾֻԺ޼ĵӣȻĻΪʲôеĵͷųȻأ
뷨ַץеĵһʱͱַϣѪһأôʱַ㲢⣬ϾԵʱҲҪƶǵġ
ڵѪһصһ˲䣬ַԸоͬʱӵһӿ
һ˲䣬ַԥĽڤ״̬ǣȴʧķ֣ͷųƵĵں̵ܶʱھɢ˿УԼûüգ
ڤ״ַָ̬оΧĵƺڱһ̶ĿĿı׼ͻɢ֮䣬ǵдĵط˿ƣǲܲᱻɢ
һʧܲûַģһظѰſյİ취
ڣڽϵҹַ뵽һԲߣ
ǿ԰ôȻǾöסԼٽգ
ַӿһɫĶŶһַоЩգܿշˡ
ϾħҲǵȻȴޣ̫ԶǾͲַƣǣ̫Ļֲ𵽹ؼԵãĿǰλòСַȻеҲܽһͷųĵˡ
Щ׼ַԥץһֻ˲ͽ˶棬һ̣ڽڤ״̬ͬʱһʱֻ塣


ʮ ʱ
ͬѪӿһɵҲӵƮɢɵȴַ綷ӣܲȦӣ
ڤ״ַ̬ڵһʱ͸оɵĴڣһ㣬ԼĶ׵ľܽɵڤķʽսȥˣ
˵һɹӣַ̲סһ˷ܣϽڤ״̬ѣӿռָͳһȺӽԼĶȦ
һŶЩѹıΣһһŵĵӵƮ˳ܵŵǿַҲϵѪ⣬ԥٴνڤ״̬ŶȦڵĵ
Щַ֮绺ڤѣв̾յķʽˮһ˲䱬ĵҪǿ˺ü
ϾˮдҲʧһ֣
յķʽŵ˿˷ѣûеصƣȱ㣬ֻǻŪԼˡ
ֻҪöԼЩѪ۹ͻԼ壬ҪĻϴͳˣ
ַȷַʽȥò˶ʱ䣬ԼͻƵ弶սʿˮ׼
ԼͲõһˮеĵᱻԼĸɾֻҪԼռָĿռ㹻һ޴һ㣬ԲĵĵЩ
뵽ַ̲ס˷Լʽȥսʿħʵﵽ˼ˮ׼ҲңԶ
һѹסĵϲãִַӿռָȡٵյķʽ
һŶڵĵһӿռָȡķַ㱣һҹڵڶʱľڴﵽ弶ˮ׼ǿȣڵĴ̼Ͷת֮£Ҳߡ
ַ֮ɿļһ£һյĵԸƽʱˮһһҹյˣңԼʼյʱҲѾҹʱˣôĻʽˮҪ࣡
ȵտеĵӣǿ˼ʮң
һǷ˭ϣεʱ̲ס͵Цˣ
ַȻҲǼΪˣȴûб˷ܳͷܺõĿסԼˮʹʹϴ˸裬ֳһЩ˰߼
ת֮䣬һ¹ȥˡ·;ҲԽѶԽߡ
һµʱ䣬ַû뿪С߰벽ÿ죬ɭϰħ͵Ŀϵʱڰߣʼյ
ò˵ֻж̶һµʱ䣬ַջǾ޴ģľȻ弶ˮƽ弶֮ҲҪӽнˣͶǿȣѾﵽļнˮ׼ڴĵǴﵽһ˺Ȼĳ̶ȡ
Ȼ붷࣬ȴһֲΪ֪ңֻרַ磡
ҪǽַеĵѹһĻǿ¾ӵоżʵĶҲҪܵ˺ˣ
ַֻףѹĵǲʹãֻܵһֹؼʱıֶΣϾȫڵĵѹһ㣬Լͳ״̬ˣӵе䣬ҲҪʱģ
ңԼҲֻһѹĻᣡ
ջַջ¾Ҫħƿˡ
ϰһµʱ䣬ַħƿڲļˮ׼Ϊˮ׼ĺôǣԼȫĲٿļħˣҲܲ硣
⼸棬ַ绹һ⣬ѾоһսʿΪļսʿ֮ǿȾˣǿȵͬʱҲڰ˼İɫַоӦǴӡʡı仯
û֮ǰﵽһٽ㣬ͻڲʱĶ൱ǿȴı仯תΪʵı仯ǻɫɫǽɫ൱ÿֶٽ㣬ﵽһʱ򣬷ʱ䣡
ֻսʿĵ·ַ緢֣ħĵ·Ҳһ
ǰͻƵļʱҲֻǾԺʲôγһ㣬һ¹ȥħƿﵽļַ֮ڲ仯ıʡ
Ҫ˵ǰԼľһƬĻǴﵽļ֮Ҳʱ䣬һˮ飬ֻԼħƿûдﵽļֻܽˮתͷųħ
ԶԼħƿҲﵽļַ֮ͺ׵ķ֣ԼֱͨˮΡͷħˣҪˮλΪʹħ
ĺôǡͷųħǿĵľ٣ʱҲ̣ңַҿ϶ܴﵽ˼ʵ²ֵͼħͲҪﵽ˲ĵز
ʱ䣡
˵ڵַ磬ѾȫͬʱӵħʦսʿļʵӲٿص
ַе죬Ҳֻǹȥһ¶ѣ
һ£˰ɭ뵽֮⣬־ɭ֮оҲûٺû
ַ粻̾־ɭֻ˿־尡
һ£ַùԼķ粨ӦҲȥˣһ¶ٶٳԵӣѾַЩܲˣ
ڽ߳ɭ֣Ȼ󷵻رѧԺ


ʮ Ͳ׼
ѧԺ֮С
˿ѧԺͻָյƽһµʱѾȥ꼻һֵַѾѧԱǵӽǣȡַλõģѾλСΡꡣ
˿ʱ֣еѧԱǶѧԺĲͲͣһεСһĬĬĳŷ˳Ĭ˵ɫЩÿ
ΪַͻȻ£ַŴλһֱţΪַµʱѧԺѾѧԱ˲޲ؽãǳӵݣԣַŵŴλûٰˡ
һµʱ䣬ַҲֻаͱȶˡ
˵ɫ̫ÿ΢һ㣬Ϊַ籣һµġҡľЩ㱣һ֮ǰַܵѶʱҲʹһʾ޿ô죬ȴĲɵĸš
ֻȽЩ޿ţСҲûôңÿôҵȴֲ֪ԼģһɵɫЩ㲡
ͱȶȴƣǱȶرѻ𣬱ŵĳƺſַܵģƾʲôǸСΡļһȥ
ȶҲ֪ԼͲεĶ֣嶯Ҳ⡣
ȶʵ̲סеķƣͻȻеĵ棬ԵİȻ극ȥɣ
ãҲţ͵Ƕһˣ
ԥĴӦ
ǣһϺȻһ˿η壺֡Ҫȥѽ
㲻ԸȥǾȥ
˵һ䡣
һں飬ʱˣҡҲȥ
ȶ漴͵ļԵǺֵܣ
ֻܺܲȻЦЦ
ͣ˺ܿ뿪˲ѧԱ񱼶ȥ
ѧԺŵʱ伫ΪޣϰصĴ£ѧԱŲ׵ʹĥĥξͽΪˣò͵ʱҲΪޣԣڲЩ֮£ֻץʱˡ
ȻһЩ񰢶조ѧĹӵܣǿ⡰ɻģȻҲֻУڡ
ѧԱǰһ䷿֮ͣӣȶʹһɫʱ˵ͷǰһž˷ϣ
ء
ûϵķͱһ߿޴ڷ˯ˣԣһ䣬ڵİ輫ݻӵеģҲһЩĺˡ
٣䵥˾һĺӣң밢ʶ
㡢Ҫʲô
ڵŵöʱһѳԱߵĳǰԼֻ֮У͸¶һ˿־塣
ȶǰЦʲôȻģ
ڵһ֣϶ʱһŭûпȶתͷȥŰ񶾵СˣҪ֪Щ飬һŹģ

мƲ˶Էһۣ֮Ƿ̣˵һַ˵Ļ۸˾ͰѼӰвˣ׼㻹һûа
˵䣬һתͻȻԵ˵ֵǣϣ
£ٶ˵ʲôͱȶͳϺһ賤׼ȥ
ò˵׼ĺܵùԼֱǵ˺üӵĴù
ȻΪĹϵ»ص˱ѧԺκֳʲô飬һȨҪҵ֮ǰκһ
ԣٴλصѧԺеѾ൱һα塱øȶˣ
ԭ׼úõѧɣȴ벻Ϣȴð֪ˡ
ڰ֪׼ܿա飬Ȼ˲˵ģϾ˲뿨ɭ˫мϸҲǺ֣˲ӼϸϢȻ͡⡱Ľ˰
Ҳ˲У֪֮󣬱㽫˱ȶˣȶһ׼Լֵܣַ֪ԼֵʾлһҪѵһ׼
ȶķԣֽĿתȻԱһ㣬Ҳɵӣһ˶ͬˣԼ˵ʲôأűȶҵ׼׼ݺݵһ٣
ʧȥ̨׼Ҳʧȥ̣ƾǵʵȻǵвˣܿͱ˰˵ϣûУ
׼һΰľ
˺ʱ䣬ûµʱ򣬾ȥ׼ʰһ飬ﲻʱҲȥ׼׼̶һµʱ䣬ѾרĳͲˡ
һεȻҲ⣬׼Ȼ˫ųƾèʵǱȶսʿĶأ
غϣ׼еĳͱȶڵأһ˱벻ʵĲҽУ׼Ѿѹ档
һ̣˵ֻȭͷַ׼ϣҵҲмɣΪ׼ֳֵܱĿÿҲֻϼȭϼŶѣңΪ˲ѧԺʦ׼ԼȺŹҲϵĲ׼
һҲںݺݵ׼ȭŹ˱뿪׼ķ䣬ֻ׼һԭأ˱Ŀ
Ҳڰû׼ʱַѾռָװ˵ħۣСĹ۲һȦ󣬲뿪סһµĿ־ɭ֡


ʮ 
ַ֮ԻħȻΪݣ߸ߵħñڵסݣַһֱͷ·ûע⵽ĳࡣ
ȻΪݣַ͸ɴ䵱һͼħʦûʹöֻ˫ȸ·ΪͷߵıȽϻ
ʱַҲ˵۶һССΪ۶ܽԭ˵ƶҲ̸Ϻܸԣ˵һС䣬˵һС
СַҵһùݣһҷǳͨùݣùݵҲùݵŴսʿʵԣùݵ־ͽСսʿùݡ
ùѾ⣬ַ߽ȥ˿⵹㲻
ַһ߽ɰùò͵˶סˡ
һȵַ磬һЩַҲڿͬĿ󣬸ϽתͷȥҲֻǿһۣʹסˡ
ַȻҲǿЩԼĿ⣬ɫֽħñѹһ㣬ͲˣһȥѰһµλá
𾴵ħʦˡַ绹λõʱͻȻһıַԥһ£תӡ
һַۣ㿴ǰһǿ׳ĺ档
ļһֱַ磬ǽĿַĽ£ͷ𾴵ħʦˣùݵϰ壬Ұ׾ͿˣҪ֣Ѿܾûħʦˡ
һûгԷһЩλðɡַķԸһ䣬԰׵ĻҲе֡
Ͼ۹Ҳֻвǧħʦ
ġ׼ַûֵ˼һȻҲַᣬҲֻЩ⣬ܿʹַ˽һŴλãҵһƤֽƳɵľ²ףɣˣҪʲô
ַ˼ڵСˣӿռָһöҶϣ㣬Ҹʱ䡣
ġ
׺ܿʰϵңһԥ˵𾴵ħʦˣղļСҼһ£ֻҪټһöңƷһԻҵϵơҵĸ׿һλߵƾҵĸ״ӻ˻ġ֤ڣ
Ŷַ粻Щ⣬࿴˰ۣô˵ùݵ֣׵ʵˣ
Ǻǣħʦ˵Ĳ
һְҵЦݣַһַۣòҲͬһᣬ˵Ȼ˶ƲȤһƳһ񡣡
񣿡ַ粻оЩЦ
ǵģ
ӣѹһֻҪѴﵽһңһҵĻǾͿԸλŮƣǿɶǾְҵѵģһźôġ
˵䣬׸Ͻ˿ַգգۣ˵ټöҵĻλŮʮСʱ֮ڿɾңٹ˶೤ʱɫͺˣסùݵĻǻΪһ䵥˷ġ˷ֻһŴŶ
ַţоԼͷʹһĭϸ˿һǿ׳ϰ壬Ȼøӵ˵ЩԼģѵҲǴԽģ
Խ׶ʱһ£Խʲô
𾴵ħʦˡײ˼ЦЦõ걾Ҹ׵ĲҵѾˣ˵ĲЩԼģֻһˣΪЩҪĿͻƼЩ˵Ļұ֤ʧǰ
ַ̾˿ʶԼˣٴͳһöӸףЦˣټһԻҵϵưɣ
׼ַû⣬Ͻöңϲ̵ȥˡ
ַ翴ȥıӰвеЦһһŵ˰
˺ܿͶҶһľƺַȳ˼ڲˣʹ˾ƺʹһڡ
һŨľǣַвһ
ƣԼѾ֪궼ûȹˡ
򵥵˼һ£ַ͸ԼһС뽫ƱյߣȻо಻ԶһϣʱĴԼ
ѵԼݱ¶ˣ
һ˲䣬ַһסԼĵ಻ԶһȥԼȴװʲôûзһ㣬еСݵ᳢һڡ
ַ翴һһˣ˶ϰһҾƣʱʱžƱȴһ仰˵װµĴΧĿˡ
ַȴע⵽ȻǴΧǵĿȴʱʱԼͨһ۲죬ַ
ˣܿǳԼģ


ʮ 
ַһĹ۲ˣһ߳ڵСˣٷ˽һСʱҲһס
һСʱĹ۲죬ַѾȷ˾ǳԼģ
֣ȻֻȾƣԲȴʱʱľԼһۣעԼĸֶ
ַвɻ
˵ԼǸ׿϶ΪԼѾˣĻ϶˽־ɭѲˣԼҲͲƽƽںסһ£
˺ԼӦҲûʲô˰ɣ
Ϊʲô˻עԼ
Ȼô룬Ҳų˲Ǻ˵뷨
ϾԼҪ
ǺˣԼҪ조
ʹ˲ܲʻص۶ǼֱͶ٣СϺҪȵ۶࣡
뵽ַôһ£ڵʵǶļսʿҲʲô⣬ѹɱ֮⣬Ŀռָװ˵˹ؼʱӳһѵԼˣ
Ҫ˵ʵļַֻ취ܸˣ֮£ٸһ
ǣַ罫еƺȸ֮󣬱վ뿪ùݡ
ߵĻɢܹ۲˵һһ߳ùݴŵһ̣ڷҲѾվ
ò˵ȻֻһСƣַȴǵһκȾƣʱһҲоЩͷΡ
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˴㣬߳ùַ֮ӿԼٶȣ˺һַһ⣬Ժеļ䣬ֻҪط·һѵܿ۶ĳˣ
ľһֱûзɣߵطʱַ㷢һֱԼѾӿٶȣ
ַװûвӣǰš
˾ַԽԽھַһ׵ʱϱɫȻ嵽ַǰһѾַ̧֣ĲӼȥ
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ˣϻˣϽСӵǼħʦֶزͷһ䣬ӣַ巭
Ŷϣֶ¶Цݣ㿴ǰĻ£СӾȻһħʦ
ֶһ˷ܵץסͬļ򣺡ħʦ˹ٴ͹ȥһˣ˵άһһԳأ
ٺ٣Գǵʵ͸һ̨ˣǱֶػҪ˷ܣϽѵϵַ米෴ķȥﻹ󺰵ֶأ㣡
˻һ磬ܿʧԭء
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ַڵһʱ䵹£˷֮µıҲûô࣬ûʶԼϵСħʦһֱţңôֻ뵽һħʦȻӵжأ
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ַ籾䲻ɱˣ˵ĶԻǾ䡣
ܿ죬˾ͽַ˸ղŵСϣһƫƧСľǰͣӡ
ַͣµĶ΢΢۴һ¡
ֻǰСľݺͨͿʲôֵĵطһͲעСľݡ
ʱֶسű˵ͷȻһߵľǰ棬Сţ֮дһ˿η𾴵İ˹ٴˣֶأһҺͱһħʦ
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ܿ죬б㴫һɳƵԴżŨȤҿ
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ֶܵ˲Ӱ죬ַܸоԼıɪɪǰֶأ·ԵЩȻ
˴ַ紩һȣܿڡ
֮ڣ߰İڷŲƿƿ޹ޣһˮڣðݵɫҺ巢һŹֵζַ翴һۣвɵøһͷ
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ӵʿΪʲôôǿҵаϢأ
ңаϢԼǴ
ַһʱûٴһΧʱȴͻȻеаϢͿںڰһӰһһԼ˹


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ںڰַ߽оԼıĲԽԽƺΪ˹ٵ˼Ϊ־塣
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ŶҿɳƵַ͸оԼ˵ϡ
šȷһħʦٺ١
˹ٵ֮һ˿˷ܣɵĲҰ˹˵㻰Ҫʲô
ҡ롭õƵԳһΣǱ

˹ٹЦǵͦ۹İ
⡭еĻǡһҲԡֶصֻţҲϽ͵ǡǰеĻһһҲ԰
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ηηĵ˵ͷַ̧磬Ȼݵķȥ
ַѾ˲ˤԼˣһ飡
֣ղŰ˹˦ԼڵźԼٶȰΧסԼľǰ˹ٵ˼źþǷӡԼľˣ
û˾ԼȻŶǣҪһԵĿѹǿĵǸˣ
ַ糢ſź˵Ҫɢź
ǣֱǵǹһ㣬ַŵô̼ûκηӦһַоԼľȫɺסˣԼܿƵĵҲԽԽ١
ַĵ׶ʱһҲ˴룡
ЩԼһʱ嶯ˣǣȻѾʱҲûʲô취
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ܿ죬ַ㱻һҹ˷ţַڵһʱ˫ۣĵһŷ죬͸ŷ濴ȥ
ݾղŵĵطԶ͸ŷ죬ַ㿴Ѿƨߵߵĳ˹ȥַ翴˹һĺۣһñӣݶ档
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ַ̾һ͹˷š
ʱѾˣֻܸϽ취ܣȻٽסԼź
ֱ߳ȥǲ̫ܣԼûܼͻᱻ˹ٷ֡
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һһΪˣȴżֻż죬һħʦϹˣ


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ŶʮһСӣҲֻһħʦʵɣôҲᱻ˹ٹǰǸֻ̲סȵĽг˿ڡ
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ַӣڿڵҽַ磬ħʦλӦôƺ
ַԼʵȻ˵ħʦǾֻ˵ԼӵʵɣҪ˵Լӵļʵħʦþȵĵ°ͣ
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˵Ϸȥһ𻵵ԭϷԶһȥħʦһλ߼ķϵħʦʩչٵĵϷ˻֮ȴ߹ϯҲ֪ôŻᱻƻģңΪ˱֤֡ݲƻҲûжֽ޲Ϊ˽Լʱ䣬㽫ֲǸħװ˿ռָ֮УֱӴ˻
һΣϯò
ܿ죬ϯټһЩʼϵħʦһоֵôġ
оһ죬ϯڣеħʦǶûмԭֻܵóһۣħĸԭǵõ˳ħ˺
ȺϼһɻУϯıԸϷħѧͽдһţϱħѧͽϸдʱ·
ܿ죬ͨħĴϯյħѧͽĻţǣеħʦϯź󣬶ûзʲôر֮
֮󣬹ϯħʦչ˼ҵۣ죬ڵóһͳһ
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ڵó۵ʱеϼһǰϯ˼һַģǣѰַʱȴôҲַֻͨħһöϣַ֪绹ţַλãµַȥʱͨ¸֪ˡ
Ȼ󣬹ϯеħʦǷų˻˭ҵַ磬ַ뵽ħᣬܻһƷħȣ
ϢħᱬըеħʦǶ֪飬ӹϯǻõһ˵ϢǸַСһֻʮһ꣬Ѿﵽħʦˮ׼
ңͷųħ֮УһֲΪ֪
ȥʲôΪ֪ܣʮһħʦʵѾеħʦǶ۾ˣ
󣬹ַħﴫ˿
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ַֻǵ˵ͷ飬ٴԼɻ󣺡ô´ʦܷңھһʲôطǸ˹پʲôЩħʦץΪʲôСðѯһ䣬Աߵλ״ʦôؽģ
ŶСӣɱƺΪʦֻһͨͨ弶ħʦʦƺҿɵ𡣡
´ʦûڣ׵Щм˵СӣҲظ̫Ҫ֪˼ˣ
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ַ֮ôƺף޷ҲǶԼѺã׵ĺһ䣬Щջ
˵Ǿͱͣҿû˵ʲô
ַ籾ͲʲôƢˣεĶ̬ȸĺķǳ˶Էһ䣬˵仰Ҳףת򰬵µ´ʦЩ飬ܸô


ʮ һȥ
û뵽ַѵԼѿڶ٣Сӣ
ˣףҪᱻݺ˹ôĻصøĸëˣ
µѵ⣬׵ʱЩή񣺡ģðɣӳȥ˵ɡ
˵䣬Щ䣬Թ̸ɣȥ˯һˡǼԴӾǸһӡұÿ춼˯ˡ
˵ţַ˶ߴˡɳɳֿ˷һ
¼ˣ̾һĸַ˵Ǹ˹١
ŰһһַҲ׹ԭİ˹һ鷨ʦԭڰ͢һ͢Կ֮˶û뵽ǣ˹پȻֻ˹ң֮ƾһǼܲκӪܴֻθ֮䣬Ҳûлصڰ֮͢УԼ˴½ϡ
ӵа˼ħʦʵ֮ǰǸʱİڴ½ıԭϸһСӶɱħޣȻɱħ޿ɲΪǮƣ֮ȥΪоħ޵ܣħĹףҲڴˡ
¸СӶɱħ޵ʱȴҵˡħޱʱӶԱڵһʱ˳Ⱥħ޵Уȴƾǿʵӳ˱ԭ˱ԭһСˡ
ʱʵҲ䵽ʷ͹ȣҲǸʱ򣬰˹ٳ˰µԣŰԪ֮ʣס˰µľŽ´
ѾˣľҲӦͻָ˰ɣַ˫֮ţѵ˼ľƲ˹ķӡô
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½ַ֣ȴ̾˿ѵʦû͹𣿡
󣬰±ַԭӡסַ羫źǺڰħеһ֣ħΪ⣬ֻܽзӡܽнңħֻҪӡס˶Էľڽ֮ǰͻһֱֱӡǰ״̬
Ҳ˵ȻŰ˼ħʦʵӡ֮ǰȻϵ˿ѾȬӡסľȴû˿Ļָ
󣬰±͸ַ˵ΪʲôᱻСԭ
˵Ҳ֣ȻǱֻҪ߳Сһʲô˹ң˹ٻÿΪ׼ʳˮڳڵʱ򻹻һЩҩˣڵİ¸װ˹ڸʲôֱһºһħʦֻħʦֻһʵ
ܿ죬ħʦͱ˹ٸˣĴϸڰҲûпȴһħʦ³
»ǵãһħʦֱӱ˹һҺҺҺޱȵɫǸһħʦһȥֱӻΪһ̣Ҷû¡
ҼǵõʱЩɫҺһự˹پͽսһ͸Уһ䡮һħʦľáµΡ
֮ʱ䣬һħʦҲЩɫҺ֮С
εĹ۲죬ȷ˰˹ٵͼԭ˹ռħʦľһصĶʲô¾ͲˣΪʲôҪԼ˹²²⣬ΪԼ˵ľ̫ǿ˹ƵǸضʱòԼˣŻᱻȦС
仰˵˹ƵǼƷһǿľ»Щ˷ѣ
ôģַٶоһ˿⡣
µһ弶ϵħʦϵħطڹķҪһЩΪԼڹõⲹ㻨ǮӶ弶ʵսʿӣΪ̱ͣӾȻͱƭһưɣȵϡͿ޷ʱΣȻ󣬵ʱ㷢ԼѾС֮ˣľȻҲͱӡ
ҾҲ˶೤ʱˡ˵󣬰²̾һ
Ϊʲôַ粻ɵɻһ䡣
Ϊʲôɣһ׵ͻȻ𣺡СӣʱСҺͰ´ʦ֮⣬һħʦǣʱǸħʦ˰˹ٵЩɫҺ˵ʲô˵һħʦľѾǼصƷ˶ˣѾʼʹöħʦľˡ
һ£ͻȻٺֱЦ֮ٴθһֻζСӣҲ֪ħʦͲ࣬ץôħʦѾѵˣ밡Ҫץħʦһֵô
Ȼ׵ּᣬַ겻һ亹һַû׵ǲЦô˵ò˶ҲǸɫҺˣ
ֹ㣬ܿҲֵףҡ󲹳һ䡣
䣬ʱһƬĬ֮С


ڰʮ Բ
ã̾һɣǵħǰȥħʦµĻҵǾֻܵߣ˵ħʦȻ٣ħҲΪ˼һħʦʹ󶯸ɸ꣡
˵仰Χָֻ̾Ϣһû˵ʲôַҲ˳Ĭ֮С

Уܾô취ƿķӡַҧҪԼԼˣ˭ǣ
ͬʱַﻹһ䣺ָˣҿɴûϰߣ
ƿӡ׵ΪмҪӡôƣΪ˹ٻҸ´ʦôĴ𣿿ж綼˹ٸӡסˣ
ôַ֪ȻЩ
ԣΪҺͰ´ʦôʱûԹôױַСӶײΣЩŭҸ㣬ҪƵϵӡְֻ취
ְ취ַǰһûں׵ķŭ
׺һЦһְ취¿ʼڵľֻͨ˵ı׼Ǹ֪ħȴһֱڣҪƵӡԴͷʼֻҪٴĵȼ˹ٵĵȼͿԺ׵ĴӷӡⲿķӡƵȻԭȵľںϣƵӡܴȵʵǣһǷϲһ㶼ûõķϲ񣡣
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ַܿһַ̾˿ʵǵڶְ취أ
ڶְ취ͻȻڣ֮ȴΣڶְ취ɱ˹٣ֻҪɱˣķӡȻͽ⿪ˡ
´ʦ˵Ĳͬ󻹲ɱôħʦӡס˾͸ͨһûˣ
ַ˵ͷ׵˵ֻǣںڰ֮У˸ûͷˡ
ΪַǱ׵Ļסˣοַ磬Ҫ£˻վһֻʱˡһͷˣôʱҲû˶źֻǿϧôӵħʦʵһֱƽ˳ȥʱͻƵʥӦҲϣֻǿϧϧ
ַװ˵ĿϧָʲôʹϿĿеֻ֪ҪʥǾ޵ҲͲᷢ¿С
ڣַҲ״½ϵʥǿΪʲôôˡ
بţЩŵ·Ҳһһ˳ڵԼûûƿصֵı죬ӡס˾Ҳֻˡ
ǣȻԼӵжֻƿصǾͲԴУ
´ʦľ飬Ǹ˹ʲôһ㲻Сݰɣַ绺һʡ
Ȼַ򶨣Щ⣬Ȼַ֪Ϊʲôѯ⣬ǻش˹ӦûоûʱǣֻڳԷʱһЩˣҲǼвԵĻʵһ㡭
Ŷ
ַ˼ĵ˵ͷһתȤףǲô
ģʲôģ
ַ·˾񣺡ٺ١û뵽СҲͬ˰ðɣ˵ʲôҲǰһҲǿְɣ
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ǵȻ׵ĺöƷħģ˵ɣǵ׶ʲô
׵Ժظڰ֮д졣
һַ̣ľƾѾȥ˴룬ͷҲĬƬ̣˵˿ڣͶһɱ˹٣
ַƽº׶Уȴ˵
ȣǴȴּ쳣ַĶУɱ˹٣ǿЦɣŶϣСӾȻ˵ҪɱǸ˹٣ģ̫ˣ
Ȼ׸Ͳַɱ˹٣ֱַԲ
ףҲҶģַƽ
ģΪʲôģҲûڣ֮Ǽᶨ㿪Ķעɣ
ַ粢ûżڣѯʰµ´ʦأ
ҵȻҲģֻ´ʦЩɻ󣺡һʣַ磬ҪһشҰ
Ŷ
ַЩ⣺´ʦʲôʣ


ڰʮһ ƻ
ƺЩԥҲ֪ʱǽʱ򣬱Ҳ˵˳šûй˽˼ֻҲ֪ٵĻֻʣмɵİգ
ֻɰաַ̾һԣⱾһĲ
ɣ׶ʱɻѾס˾ѵ㻹ɣ
ٺ٣ѵϷֲǸħʲôˣ̵ַҪ㲻ҶҲǿ˸־
٣ײˣ˵ľ͸ģʲôҵģߺߣɱǸ˹٣ԸһӶʹԸµͽܣ
ģַȥЩ⡣
Ȼģһַ绳ԼĶƷ̴ŭ˵һ㻰ҿԶԹġ
뷢ģַϽˣ÷ˣĶƷ˵̫ˣɱ˹٣ֻϣλұһܡ
ܣɻ
ʵҲʲôܣȫħᶼ֪ˡַ粻ЦֻǶ֪Ǹħһʲôˡ
Ŷô˵㻹һ״˿Ҳɵú뵽ʲôںҲǶעôߺߣҲ̫ˣ㻹һһǲɱ˹٣
׵ĻҲȫ޵֮ôַԭҲܼ򵥡ɱ˹٣ᱻСô
ֻǣȴַ֪֮ԻᱻС̶ܴΪƺ嶯µĺˡ
ô˵ͬҵĶעˣַȴ׵ȷ
ͬ⣬Ȼͬ⣡ңɱ˹٣㿪ĶעĻϣټҸղſ˵㻰ֻҪɱ˹٣ԸΪͽܣײм
Լ˵ġַ޹ʼ磺ҿûб㡣
Լ˵ģ´ʦ֤ˣ
˵䣬׵ȴýթǣСӣء
ҪҾˣ⻹ÿʲôעô
ַ޳ܵ˵ԼĶע󻹲ң֮󲻾ֵ𣿾ŵʲôǲҲûʲô

סˣƬ̹ҧ˵ãҸˣ
Ҳˡ̸һ䣬̲סʵ㡭׼ʲôʱ֣
ַ̾һȲ˵ֵ飬Ҫɹɱ˹٣Ҫλϡ
Ǹô㣿²ϵȼһ˿ϣ˵˵ļƻɣ
ţġַһԼ˼·󣬲ŵ˹ٲÿ춼ʳˮϣλٺˮˮȵ˹뽫ҶɫҺ죬λͽЩ׼õˮڰ˹ٵϡ
Ϊʲô򵥣ַûм˵ȥײɻ󿪿ˡ
ַҲǷܿԼصĵ˵ͷᶨǵģô򵥣㻹ǲҪΪʲôˣھҲס
Уײм˵˵ҴӦˣʱԲµˮˣ
ҲӦˣֻһЩˮѣסҲʱ̬
ãǾͿˡ
ַ˵仰Ͳ˵ʲôˣʵİ취Ҳܼ򵥣ȻԼľסԼҲͬһʱƴĵˣԼսʿʵҲֻļͲǰ˹ٵĶ֡
ǣԼĿռָĵȻԼӡס˾ҲֻǷӡסѣԼľûɢؼ䣬ԣռָĿռҲС
ԼȫʵʱӳһѵǸ˹٣
֮ð˴ˮΪַ֪ˮһּõĵ壬Լӳһѵûڰ˹ٵ棬ǿɾ͵òʧˣȻַ粻ȷ˹ٵӵ磬ðգ
ֻнϵӽʪȫ֮ߣ
һѵͬʱųĵżǿ߶ɱοһֻֻʣ¹ͷӵ鷨ʦ
ԼʱֻҪɶѵĵͶ˹٣һ˲ٳ嵽˹ٵǰԼڵĵɶѵڵĵǾͿˣ
ֻǣַҲ֪ǿĵ׶԰˹üãԣҲֻӵɵİա
˶ĬһʱͻȻִһɧ
ֻһŲ˷ӦžѾƿˡ
ڹ⣬ַֻܿģ˿ƼΪ׳һӰֻǣϵӰЩѾ˹ȥ
ǿ׳Ӱһ仰Ҳ˵һѽϵӰڵϣתŹˡ
ˡһǸӰͱ˵ϡ
ַ̾Ϣһûж˵ʲôһ㶯ûУֱЩֻٺ٣һùħʦ


ڰʮ ݵı仯
ת֮켴ϣѧԺ֮С
һµʱȥݵѾת˲٣ȻڻڷªҲѹȥһ֣ңҺҲеӣһ·Ѿȫˡ
̶һµʱ䣬ݷԼ֪ѾͻƵ弶սʿʵңͷò˶೤ʱԼܽսʿˮ׼
ֻǣ֪ǸʱԼǿȣܲܳסˡ
ڰ̻˵ԼÿֻҪԭȶĸСʱϳªߵѹƣǾûʲôϵ
ӦûʲôϵɣԼҲȷ
ǰʱ䣬޲Ѿȥ˺ڰ̻ʣڰ̻ʲڵķӦǿߵѹ󣬱ðÿԭĸСʱңΪܿٱգֻҪٴһߣͿԽɾ޴ȫոɾˡ
֪ԼһԺժߣݵȴ˵ζ
Ҳֱڣݲ޲شСΪʲô϶ԼϧַﵽԼĿġ
ݵвɵЩ̾
һеһУǲӦøлַǸļһء
֪Ϊʲôݵַһָӵĸоһʱ䣬ܻĪĻ𵱳ڿ־ɭǸСϣһ顭
ÿ뵽飬ݶʱ;
ǡǣҲ֪Ϊʲôַ磬ԽԽ᲻⣬һ˵΢о
޵ȴΪʲô᲻˿أ
ַ統񣬰ݵоһɳУǣֳȴо
е㻳
뵽ݵﲻɵøһã
ԼôˣΪʲô
ţͻȻоԼ︡һǿҵĳ嶯ȻоԼַ磬ַ磬ҲԼһЩ
ݲ֪ԼôˣһĿ־͵ǣԭԼҲ㲻
ûнַûκˣԼַ硰Ϸ鴫ȥȻҲΪʲôԭ򣬰˽ΪֻԼ֪źã
̲סļĳ嶯ݺܿ˱ѧԺٶȸϵ˿־ɭСϡ
һ·ɱĹУԺвϵظֳַϷԼֻѾ˶Ըַİ취ַ֮ƾԼڵʵҪݺݵĽѵһ٣ԼʵҪǿĶ࣡
ǣ֮ȴ֣ˮĺ治һ˿¹ں֮ϣٻӰӳˮС
ֻǣˮǺˮɭɭ֣ǸˡȴѾˣ
һ˲䣬ǽĴһۣ̲סιˣ
ԶԶƬɭһ˿
ǣĵãȴǲκηӦ
ֳɭֵķһȴͬôɭﶼûһ㷴Ӧ
ľЩ㱣ǻһ̱˵ϡ
ƽĺ棬ݵٶȸһãַ硭쵰㵽ѽ

ַѾС죬ʱ䣬ֻһħʦ˽ַҲ֪ǸħʦһʵΪǿ׳Ĵߺ󣬰˹پСУҲûַһۣץסϻڻеħʦ˳ȥ
Ȼַ㿴˹ٽħʦӽ˰ֺɫҺֻƬ̵Ĺħʦʧ档
ħʦûѱʧȥԼ
ʱ䣬˹ٶ׼ʱΪַʳˮȻʳҲֻǺˮǻɾ
ڰ˹Сݵʱ˾ľһ㣬ԲҲȥ˹٣˹ٶֱҲеΪ⣬ȻҲû˵ʲôѾ޷ľվ˵ǰ
ôڰ£ַȻ˹ٵĳ࣬ȴְ˹ÿθԼʳˮƣƷһ㣬ǸԴ
ַкüζ̲סҪ˹٣Ҳ֪ʱʱҲ
ʱ䣬Ѿ洢˲ˮΪ˱˹ɣ˶˹ʢˮ˳洢ˮѾ׵Ŀռָһ֮Уð˹һˮļҲͽס
һϣù˵ĬĬΪٺˮԵʣҲļ˵Ĵÿν̸ݣҲַļƻйء
ַҪԺ˯֮ʣСݵķͻȻˣнŲ˸ϽŴȥ
ſվŵǰ˹٣ַһʱ˹ٽҪԼҲӵǸɫҺˡ
Ű˹һһַ簵һ׵ֱֻۣһַʾף֮ûʲôˡ
ϣ˹ãߵַߣһץַĸ첲ͻȻĵЦͲһħʦˣСӣӦøеҲŶԣ
˵ţ˹پַ糯ȥߵſڵʱͻȻʲôعȥ׺ͰµˣʱòˣǷİɣǲ˷ѵǵġһ弶һ˼һķȰ


ڰʮ 
ȣʲô
ַвɻ
ԥһ£Ƕ԰˹ٿˣ𾴵İ˹֪ҾͿҪˣֻܲһأ
ŶС֪ʲô˹ٽãˬľʹӦַ
šܸҵȻҽԵֺɫҺʲô𣿻У˵ķָʲôַѵħȲͬ𣿡ַɿ˵Լʣԥһ£ǽɻ˵˳СץôħʦΪʲô
Сʵ̫ˡ
˹ͣ˽Ųתͷȥַ磺õ鲻˷ǺܿϧġԣҾССԸ
ַ緢˹ٵñһƬǱַͿò
šҲ֪ÿ˶һľеȻħʦľǿˡǸɫҺôоһȡ˾ʡ˹ٷ·˷ܣôһ鷨ʦõ㲻֪Ҳ֡ħʦ㹻ƳһƷĳˡ
һ£˹ǰһӣ֮˷ܵΪҪץħʦΪһ塣
˵ţ˹ñеĺͻȻһ˲ʧһޱȵͷַǰ˫Ŀ֮ðɫâʱַϿӵ飡
һַ̣Щ㱣ѵʦӱһ鷨ʦ
˹ٿַһ£ΪСӱԼŵˣЦָֻԭһƬʱתΪŭҵ屻ǸŮ˸ٵˣҺþڴս˳֮󡭡
˵˹ٵͻȻ˷ŷŭѾʧ֮Һ˵ķһ弶鷨ʦ壬岢ûбҲûؼʱʹþԣˡ
ַͻȻоԼЩͷƤ飺Ȼ󡭡ͰʬץЩħʦʲôϵ
С˵
˹˷ܵѾﵽ˼㣬ЩʼܵˣȻҰ˻Сĵı֮ҾɱһЩͨˣȴͨ˵ľ̫Ҫľ֪Ҫɱͨˣңͨһɱ̫࣬ͻѹ͢Ⱥļһ
ԣͰĿӵǿľħʦϣַֻ˹ټֱǸ̬ӲͷƤֽһ䣺ǣ½ħ˸𣿡
ǴһСһﰡҶɱˡ
˹ٷ·Цĺܿģ˵һ㶼ֻǣΪʲôҪħЩһأѼĶһЩͼħʦںҲǻûɱôһħʦħǿΪͷǵʱҲѾźһ뿪ħҲΪȥ½ҡ
ɱ˺ˣǸϼһͲħѰϾһħͻ׵Ĵħʦ
ַ˹ٺĵӣּһ䣺УǾʬľʲôô
Ҳ޷ʱֻҪӵ˼ƷȣһԶɳӣħȺһôĶ֣
˵˹˫־һİ־ģߺߣʱ͢õģ
˶٣˹ٷ˸߾ٵ˫֣һ˷ܵñﴫڽǾʲôôôҾػһˡҲֻ鷨ʦ塭ٺٺ١
ô˵ǸƷķȺӣ
ַ԰˹ٵĿЩΪȻ鷨ʦħ͹͢ȣ˵仰ͻȻһٴʵ˼ֻҪɱңͿԽǾľȻͻٴӵˣ˵ˣħʦʲôЧأ
ƷĳȵȻ͵ûƽʥĹ
˹ٹЦ㣿һħʦ飬ʷϻûءϣҲͻһ壬Ϊ鷨ʦ죬ԣҲ鷨ʦֻСֻħʦʵǻ壬ʱҲֻͣʣµľɾͶҪ˷ѵˡ
ԭ
ַһȻӣ΢΢¶˱ϹϾ飺ллллܸôࡣ
ˣСøлˣڿȥˡ˹һֻ־Ҫַץȥ
ַȴʱͻȻ̧ͷССѾһ˿ЦݣǸһô
ɲܾġ˹ٵĹצѾץַϡ
䣡
һַ̣϶Ȼɫ׼İ˹ԶԶҳźݵķףڣ


ڰʮ ս
ඡ
ѵȵȲȻӺдܳﻹһ֮УʢŵµĵˮңΪˮĵܸãַ绹ˮм˲ΰ͡
˹ٸû뵽ǰСӾȻһսʿַȻĶ֮󣬲ɵЩ£ңץַֻ֣ҲͻȻֵĶĹؽڲָЩɢ˼ܣ
ȻЩ£ǻһѾӦ˹׶һˮԼ˹ûᣬͻȻŭĺһֻǰһ֣Ⱥɢ󣬶Ȼá
վڵϣжɢźɫĿϾȻҲһӼףеĸöͨİɫǼܣһõĹǼȴīɫģͷϻһɫСñӣͷӶĸҪһЩ
һӰ˹ٵ׼ȷīɫϣһ̣þǻһ㣬ð̵ĹâͻȻͷ໺һ߾еĿǰԶַһļƣ
˲䣬ĸյһ㣬жʱϵĹ⣬еĿͳַ
һУһ˲䣬ӺбܳײŸո˺ŲԶĵط
ҿ
ַ粻ɵŭһ䣬ųԼĵһñһȭ
ء
һȭȥһñһ飬Ҳɢܵһ̣ӶϵĿַ
ܵصַϽһ㿪ͬʱһȭһɫã
ʱ򣬰˹Ѿһ֮УվдʣȻһߵȵħͨñֻɫʵһҲһʮֻīɫĸߵռʣµ
þַ磬ܷĵߵȵٻħˡ
Ǹһˮף˹ٸûз
ǷŭַһȻƭԼ
˹Ѿ϶һ϶ǲ֪ʲôطαħۺħʦĵȼѫ£Ȼ˸ССӵϣ
˹ȻŭҲ֪Ƚǰȥһˣ
һţ˹һǿŷŭĬһĹѾĬ֮һʱȻоһ

˹ֻоԼһˮһӶʪģȻһˮûκɱһˮͷȴð˹һһʹ
Сӣҵˣʣµľͽˣ׵ѾԽԽԶֻ൱һͨˣˮ֮󣬾ԶԶ￪ˡ
ַ粢ûдרĵĶԸǰ̶̵һĸɫñѾԼȫɢ˼ܣַѾһñĿ䵱
ֻǣĸøǲ֮ǰһַ̱ɢڵأһ̣ѾһǸīɫõһĺװ
ӵʱ䣬ѾٶƴװַǰǸַȥ˿ãֱԼһ߹ǣ໺ųַ磡
ַ˲ʶôȥͲУĽӽ˹٣ȴĸýɢװԭء
ӳһѵֹסߵİãǣԼɱУҪھ˳ǰ˹˷֮ľͲˣ
ԣַֻܿ취
ַ֪ôȥҲǲУǸ˹ٶԴһ䶯ҲԾߵȵٻħԼôȥĻĿ϶Լ
һַӶ㿪һõбĿȫһ׼ȷĸɫõСȹϣ
ôĿľһĸõȹǣͬʱʧȥжֻмӵʱ䣬ԼлӽǸīɫˣַܿóǸīɫòõģ
ֻǣȫһȴֻǷĸñһȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ַһԼ̺ȫһһŴҲӦñԼһˣôĸõĹͷϣ
񻹲Լȭͷʹ
ַ磬ҪǸǰ˹ٵ̺źڰнǿĹûжٹд˰½
գ
ַڵֱ˵ĳ嶯һӵеĿϽ͵һ㿪˰ɫõĹվұĸһ˦һΧĶ˹ȥ
ŶԶ̹ڵĶַѾ˲ôˣ˦һ첲ַϽӵԼٶȳﻹİ˹ٳȥ
ַһʱ򣬾ͼǰ̹īɫͳǰңѾ˿ۿһ̾Ҫַϣ


ڰʮ ־ʿ
ַд󾪣û뵽īɫٶȾȻô죬ۿܣַֻҧҧӲīɫһ
һ¿ַ֮ϣȻֻƿַĶַ绹Ǹойɻʹ
һַ˻ᷴһȭͳīɫúȥͬʱϽİ˹ٳȥ
īɫóַһȭֻǱûܵʲô˺ȻҪĸɫõķߵöַ࣬糯˹׷ȥ嵽ַǰ
ʱĸַĶɢ˼ܵİɫѾװֻһʵڱļɢĸòû¸װںΪһ壡
һӵĸԴİɫóԭأ׷ַ磬īɫõַǰ
ʱ򣬽İ˹ֹͣȻ̧ԴԼǰһָָǸطһź
ĵϣһɫСħ
СħʱŹâϷĺҲԽԽŨ
ַԸоΧӿһɳصѹСħϷĺԽԽŨӶʱһһ㣡
ַֻ쳣أԴҲ̧ƺҲܵѹһַرصĸо
ǣȴûܵκθţīɫѾַһ
ʱǸСħ̹𽥱䵭ݱڵɫһ̣ϷĺͻȻһ޴Ӱԭ˳
ַڸûоȥעǸӰӣȫľ͵һǿ㿪īɫõһǣ¾ͰɫõĹȴֵǰ
ַһݣһȻѾ㲻ȥֱӭȥ
첲ȻҲо쳣أַ绹ǿֱֱ̧ۣӭ˾һȻˣȴƺûǿַϵһȻַĶûƿ

ַȻоϳʹʶʹ˳תۿȥͼīɫһѾԼϡ
ȻԭȵڵħȻֱɢ˰ӴСַ˲ҲС
źʧȡ֮һؼףóǹһƥʿԭء
˫Ŀɺ죬Ǽӿźźɫһ㣬ϵʿѾһؼװڣֻܴͷпһԺ͸ĳǹɢɭȻ⣡
ͻȻɢħ£Уַӿһɾ޴Ŀ־У·ǸʿһɺĸɽһּѹȸУ
ǹɿ־ǹѾʧַһȻ־壬ԼĶղˡ
Сȥɣ־ʿĵ£ҲӦøеԺˣ
˹ٵǵ⣬ַָָ磬ԭصĿ־ʿ̾˷Ӧ

һ̶ĺУһ̣ſ־ʿǰɢȥħҲһƶ
ģļһ治ôöԸģ
ַⱧԹһΪԼǿѹסеǹɿ־壬һ̣ʹҧҧŲĿ־ʿһȭɫã㿪īɫõĹ˷ֱӳ־ʿӭȥ
־ʿ·ûκʶַԼȴûκζɻĲ
ַУ־ʿһƶĸɽԼ᲻
һֺ΢ĸоַ֪Լûκ·ʹҧҧӲͷƤȥ
ڽӽ־ʿһɲַıԼĶͻȻ˫ȴĽȥ
һ̣ϵʿ˫ĿʢϵĳǹӰֱַȥ
̫ˣ־ʿĶֱ̫ˣ
ַӦ˵ˣ
硪
ҪĹͷַͻȻֳһɫӣ־ʿĳǹӵֻǽӰݽȥһ㣬ҷײ
еַȻҲûܵκ˺׵ľĿ£һֱǰУĿǶڽеİ˹٣
־ʿԼһûУ̽ƥĿ»ӳһǹַȴѾг£ֻ䡱һһǹʱԭغ俪һ޴Ŀ
˹ټ־ʿĹûκòд󾪣֪־ʿŵڳǿĹͷȱȴҲԣٶȣ
ſ־ʿƥķӦȴһսʿ
˹ٿַϸǲ㵭ɫ֣ϳʲôЩܻ쵰ȻǸߵȷħ
ַΪλḡħϽһȥַ롣
ǣַڵ滬еٶȱ˲ֹһգۼѾ嵽˰˹ٵǰ
ʱ򣬿־ʿûеתͷͰɫҲûƴװǸīɫãҲ嵽˹ٵǰ˹Ѿȫı¶ַĹΧ֮У
ŵɫħдŹЦַ磬˹ٺ˺ģַȵΪƾļĶƿҰ˹ٵķô
£Ѿһɫ֮С
ַٺһЦϷʵҲŲṥأ
˵䣬ûżǷſԼĿռָ
һַֻ̣ǰһƬӰĵʱĿռָӿֱӾͽ˹ٸΧ


ڰʮ ֵ
ǵصĵֹ˹ٰΧУҲͬʱַӰҲ棡
һ̣־ʿѾתͷ͵İɫҲѾװɣǸīɫãҲѾ嵽˵İΧȦ֮У
һ̣ںİºףͻȻоһļµǰȻ˻ûüκηӦʱ򣬾ͼǰͻȻһɶĿĹâɹâ⡰žʱīɫҲΧУ
˲䣬ʱͷ·һ㣬ͰɫúͿ־ʿǱԭأǸīɫƬĿĹâ֮Ҳǰ˰֣
ҫ۵Ĺâӵʱɢӷƽʱ˭Ҳںǰӣȴ˰º׾޴𺳣
ǹԶںݵİº׶һѵĸо
ӣ˼ֱ˺
ӹ̵ʱ·ŻָԭīɫѾð˰̣ȻͻȻ㻯Ϊһѷ۳˵ϣʧ˵ذϡ
ͰɫҲһ̡䡱һ־ʿðɫܻ˻Уʧԭأſ־ʿɢɢаӴСħҲڻʧˡ
ºͻȻһ飬ţ˫ĿӣӶԷпһɼɫ
ȻѾоӡԼǹʧˣ
һַ̣Ͱ˹ٵЩһ˲䱻ַջؽ˿ռָУԭֻ̯ڵϵַ磬һöԲĽָһѻҳ
˹ٱˣͬӣڶ̶ӵʱ˳ɶѵľ޴֮С
һ군ˣ
ַһӵˣźݴ󺰵´ʦҿǸ˼ħᰡȻҵСûˡ
˵䣬ַ㿴˵ϵĿռָ֪ռָĲϼΪӲͲô׻ٻģȻһſռָʥǿ߶һռָǾͳһЦˣ
öռָѾΪ֮ַɵĺһȽӽԼĿռָŴԭվԼ˴кˣǳɹˡ
ιǸ
׵ɫΣ°Ҳû˵һĻ
ЦЦԳ޵ַ磬û뵽ССͣȻôֲʵ
еĹȻ谵ȴ˺ַܶ࣬һοº׵òòȴһͻص㣬ԲԲԴϹһԳüëüֱ۽ǣȥ˲üĿĸо
׵ĳ࣬ȴַһ
ò˵׳ʵ̫ͨˣáеԲڡ仰ĳ࣬ȻЩªȴҲַôԾ
ַԾԭȴһƤ۾ͺͷ촽ϵСַ翴ԵôС
Ƭǽ𷢱۵Ĵ½ϣȴԵôͻ
ƾһ㣬ַ˲ٺøУ
׿ַԼԵøΪˣ˼ЦЦǺǡԶŽأҵĸĸǹŽصػߣֻӵСӣұ˵۶
ַ˵ͷ֮ǵ٩ٺ٣ף֮ǰĶעڿɾҵͽˡ
ͽܾͽܣʲô˵ģӲţͨɫȴеΡ
ַҲˣΪʲôҿһԸأ
ҡҵȻԸˣ
Ӳһ䣬ȴͻȻήԸ˭Ҷء
ַ翴˹ȥֱ̧׵ļһˣף֮ǰĶע͵Цɣһϣλұܡ
ַ籾һСӵģȴȥ˵ļ֮лǰοһЩֵĶ̿ȴһ࣬Ŀַ磬΢΢ôУ״˵㻰˵ͽܾǵͽܣܻᷴأ
Ը⵱ҵͽܾ͵ɣҿûʲôýġַ޹ʼ磬ңҲңҲϲ˸ҵߡ
ҡ׻˵ʲôȴַڶ仰˻ȥһŹֵվԭأ˵
ˣҲʲôͽˡ
ַЦЦ漴һŵɣǷһ飬߰ɣԺȻȥġ
ǺãһΪҲʲôˣַԼһ̨£ͬİɣֻҪʲô飬һӦ㣬ˣԺҪֱȥħǰ̨ҵ־Ϳˡ
ַ˵ͷĿת˰ϣ´ʦҲһҪұܰ
ַ磬ͷİɣҰ²˵黹û˸ұ˵µɢº͵Ц⣺ҾһħˣԺҪпգҪͷӡ
һһַصĵ˵ͷ
˰ºˣֻʣַһˣ΢Ϣһ﷭
鷨ʦܻڣһвٺöңַû˰˹Ǽ顣


ڰʮ ɱ
Ӳֻ˰СʱʱͷӣַϣгһЩ豸֮⣬ûҵκмֵĶ˵˹ٿеǸˡ
ַ֮ʣȴִŵ
ˡ
漴һǾη𾴵İ˹ٴˣֶأҡ
ֶأʲô
ַһѲָ˹һħʦ
ûٴδη𾴵İ˹ٴˣǱκֶǡǡ
˵Եúԥ
ַ˼Ƭ̣ɤӾģ³˹ɳƵָҴһħʦ
˱ͽţֲַһڿڣû뵽ô࣬Ͻ˵ǲǣǡ
µĸʲôʲô¾Ϳ˵ַߴһ
ģǸղŵʱһǿħʦǲĶ֣ԣǲûץס˹ٴһֶظϽһ䣬Щԥ˵˳Ǹǿħʦ͸ǵԳٵˡǡ
˵ֶʵڲ˼˵ȥˡ
ַвߣԭһҰ˹޸ԳġǿħʦѲǰ´ʦ´ʦȻѾ⿪ȴ֮ǰ˵״̬Ը˹ٻûޣԸһӦûʲô⣡ҲΪľûȫָһ˳
Ȼַߣȴɫĳ溰Ŷԭ
˵˵˵θڣûм˵ȥ˼û˶ֶزЩ𾴵İ˹ٴˡ֪ʵǿܡܲܰǵԳ޸ء˵ϽһΪ׽ħʦģ
š޸Գܼ򵥣ַһΰ飬ÿֻܽһˣ֮󣬵ڶͿԽˡ
⡭̫ˣ
ֶصǼַӦҲûпָͲ߼Ĺ涨ϲǡ𾴵İ˹ٴˣڿԽȥô
Ĭʮ룬ȻͿԽˡ
˵䣬ַϽСĳſڴȥźսǴƬյϣȴֶؽݡ
˿ȶסԼһַûκκøУɱоһԳҲһջˡ
ԭ˹ٻֳֵԳѾŰ˹ٵʧˡ
𾴵İ˹ٴˣͽȥˣ
ʮֶصַһβûӦ𣬾Ĳźš
ûдκֶزֵġסһ뵽˹˵ʮܽȥҲûô࣬ƿ˷š
֨ѽ
ŷűƿַ粻ӣֶҲûж룬Ĺ˷žͳȥ
ʱϾֶֻһ˵ıӰֶַܿرϰһѾϳĳ
Ȼмһ㲼ӿŵĺɫǱǰѰ˹͸Գ
ַ粻ԥŵȥĲһ˿ȵֶصľԶʱͻȻ¶Լٶȳ嵽ֶصǰ
ֶȻǸо˱һǿʶתȴһϤף
㡭
ֻ˵һֶ֣رûΪֶػعͷһɲַ˫Ѿ׼ȷİ̫Ѩϣѹĵ˲дܳһ˲ȫӿֶصԴ
ֻƬ֮䣬ֶûʹóѾַͷð̣ĵȥ
ô£ıȻǲЩԾϽѯһ
ַɤӣϽšûʲôһΰ飬ֶؾҵߣĬʮҲԽˡ
˵䣬ַϽٴﵽź棬صȴűݣ׼ʼʩ
ı仰û˵ʲôϾֶ԰˹ٵʱ˵Ҳû֡
ʮ֮֨ѽһƿҲַǰ
ֻǣЩԾҲġ˹ΰ顱˵Լ߽ʱԵø
Ѿӿ˻ɫĶ
ϵĶַ粻Щͷֶۣ֮ô׾ͱԼɱΪûвȡκη˵̫ѨǼΪĵطԼѹֱӰ̫Ѩϣô׾ͽɱ
ֻǣⱴѾ֣ҪɱǾûôˡ
ַԥƬ֮ʣӰѾԶȻֶڵϵʬ壬ʶľֽг
ֵĽַһЩûԼô˰ֶصʬ崦һء
ڱ˷֮ģҪɱ¾ûôˡ


ڰʮ 
ַ̾һٵĸԼһħ֮󣬾ȫĵٳǰȥûдֶصзӦͻȻ죬ܵԶԶ
˵ò֮ʱȵĺϲ£죬ַָŵ㡭㡭
ңǲΪˣַ΢΢ЦЦװź״̾һϧҷǵû˹ٺͬ鶼ɱˡ
㡭ҡַĻɫļΪѿ벻Լֶ׽СħʦȻǸӵжսʿ־İ˹١ȻҲСӵϣ
ʲô㣬ʲôң
ַ˱һۣǲмҪݺ֮ǰȵԼ
˵ַһࣺѾûзڵĻˣ
˲䣬ַٳ嵽ǰ̧һȭ˹ȥһȭŶڶ㣬ѹһ
ҡҺƴˣ
ַȭͷһˣһַӭȥ
ַ翴Цһȭֱ˽֮ϡ

ѹĵֱͨӴݵ˱У䲻ıһ£úԵһ˲Ҳʶɿеĳ
ԭڰ˹ٴԳ֮һֱûóֻǣǱԳֱ÷и룬ҺðҲûȫָ˳
ֻǣʧǱҲֻʱԼԭԿַˣȴôҲû뵽ַȭͷϾȻݳһֱֵԼоȫ飬Ҳ˵ϡ
ڳصһ˲䣬ַ翴׼ʱӦĻᣬȻǰһϴǿĵȥ
Ǳ˲ԣַȭϵǹ˾ĵʱʶ˲˵ΣĹͷŻᱬǱһ̣Ҳ⣬ַϮȭͷȻһŤǿж˹ȥ
ַȻûϵ㿪Լֻüͷֽȥ
ַһ£ҲЩŭַĽ׷ᣬһݣȻıеԳͳַȥ
ַۼˣиЦЦǱõĳںںеĽ
ߣȻнҾٴֱģ
һֱַӳŶнϺȥ
ء
ͬϴλ䱴һΣûʲôַȴǵ˼
ոһֱַ̣оһɴŸʴԵаϢֱԼϵķħͨнֱӴԼ֮УԼڵĵͶҲڵһʱͽаϢȻûܵʲôʵԵ˺ȴ̲סаϢ
һԵıȴûܵκ˺
ַķӦһ£漴ĵ׾ӿһϲãû뵽еȻͲСһϵ˺ü
һϲͬʱһŶгַбſȥ
ַĵŭһȻаϢȴҲǲ
ˣȴΪַ约Լ۵׸ϲɫַ緢˹
ַֻһ߶һ˼ԲߣսʿʵȴļٶȷͲ˶٣˼£ַֻӲһ
Ȼн˺ԼǹаϢȴͨԼĶ뵽嵱У˵˵˲٣һִԼ塣
ķַвеѻ뱴һ˾룬һһͼħһѹŵ
ַԶԶˣһ̧ͳַ׷ճ嵽ַǰСȻԼ˹
ֻ֮ܺ˶㿪СַƣȻѾַƵķΧ֮£Сһת䣬ٶȳȥ
ۼֻܻеİضнֵֻ顱С׼ȷ˶гϣһɻ𻨣ɢ˿֮С
Ȼûܵʲô˺ֳַ
ʱַѹĵѾͣԳԼıַӭȥ̧һֻ첲Ӳ˱һͬʱһֻеĵȴ򱴸Ͷȥ
ַ֮ѹʱ䣬ǵĵͨĴĲԲŻСΪԼȡһЩʱ䡣
ۼй貵ĹâԼв󾪣ʶҪ̧нֵʱȴѾˣ
ꡪ
һűַѹĵֱͻ˱Ķϣһ̣Ĺâһʱԭأ


ڰʮ 
ַܷǰĻ᣿
ԭأַȥ˫ӿһ¾ͻƱĶߵ̫Ѩϣ
˲䣬ַڵĵӿԴԴϵ뵽˱̫ѨС
ĵǿڵ֮ȫ鴤գ֮䣬ͷϾð˰̣
ַջ˫֣ʬҲءһ˵ϣʱ
ַ绺һӿռָץ㿪ʼĵĵ
һսַԽʶԼĲ㣬ԼȻеֱ̬ÿսҪѹڴĵͱȲԼĵٶȣȻԼĿռָвٵΪҲֻһƷȻٶ࣬Ҳһ죬ңԼԺҲʱȥСвңԼеսʱ򣬶Էôܸ㲹Ļأ
ԣһ취⡣
ַ翼ǵİ취ν
ΪַҲԼֶ̫һȭͷȻԸҪټϵĻԼʵ͸һˣ
ʼʱַпҲЩ֣Сдʱ䣬ҲԽ˺档
ɱ˹ٵʱѼһļ￴ûԼоһ£ȫݣҲûзʲôֵĶ
ҺҲʱ򱴸ֶءʱţŽַǰֵ⡣
ĵĵַʰ˵ϵǱһֱĸоŽͨûʲôһ֮ǰԼӰɫõǼһ
ʱַûзӦĻᣬڣַʱϸϸоһ¡
ûκ쳣ַСĵһָ֮ϡ
˲䣬аŸʴԵַָͨݵϣַ粻һʶľɿ֡
һε飬ַ֪ǹа֮Ǹڽ֮еġ
ǣаϢô˹ٹעеأ
뵽ַҧҧ󲿷ֵԼ󴦣Ȼһģһץ˶нĽϣ
ʱһаϢԶԶϵַڣҺö󴦻ѹĵˣϢӿԼڵζȴôģַֻǿɲ̽Žеܡ
ӵĹַɿ˶нһΣ¶һ˿Ȼ΢Ц
ӵĹַѾѽео˸࣬Ǳнתʰ𱴸ԭǰͨͳ
죬׾ܸԼĵԼҲͨʣڵĵ֮ϡ
ִݵķʽǻڵĵңֻҪԼƣͻʧȥ˵ԡ
˹ԳȴˣԳ͸ãҲûаĺڰϢеԶ˽֮С
ʵԳֻһֳڴ½Ҳõ˹㷺ϿɣһЩͨսʿҪıԳԳȴ亱
ԭܼ򵥣Գ˵˾ǽħԪؼе֮УͨħķʽתӶóõԪǿǣ½ϵħʦ̫ϡ٣ֲȱǮαȥֻսʿʹõĳأ
Գϡٵԭ
ŵʱַѾַо͸ˣ֣ڽ֮һС͵ħħÿħʦãֻһתС󷨣ַȻҲ⣬ԭҲеԭ
ʵִ͵ħħ󷨣ֻǣһħҪ漫ľһʾܳôֲģ֮ǰ˹սʱ򣬰͸ַһ˼ħᣬǰ´ʦһƷ
ڶԲϵҪ󼫸ߣħҲͼϡ٣´ʦ͵ľᣬڱΪΣʱõһһһֱڿռָûüʹãͱͻȻֵİ˹ٷӡס˾ַΪؼԵá
ԳԭҲ˲ֻ࣬ǣͨصϾޣһֻܴٵȻ٣ҲıԣҲǱԳĸԭ
ַ֪Ϳʼ
ȻҲħԪصһ֣ȻҲ֮е顣
ַСĽڵĵһ͵ͨĳ֮УõʼԵСħ
ǣַŸո˲ãͨĳ͡ءһֱӱըַǰ


ھʮ ˹ٵĿռָ
ַһæöסԼûбը˺
ٿгʱַȴЩЦˡ
ԼĻʲôֻʣһˡ
ա
Ŀ˽һַڱԹһӵеĽתߵֶصʬԣʬѰ˰죬ҵǸͨĳ
һΣַûżϸϸĻŸոձըǰ飬ϸһַбҲ˼֡
Լ̫ļˡ
ֻóҲõĳᱬըڽõһħȴֻǴôˣԼõĵһǿͻбըΣա
һΣַСĵĿƺõǿȣһ͵˽֮УСţվԭҲҶ
һȥַĶͷϾȻð˺ˮȽвħֹԼһ㾫뽣뿪һеĳûбըö˶˵ıԼץֻǣϲʱĸһ˿˿֤Լĳɹ
ַвЩϲץ˰죬һͿһԵϣһûйעκζֱֻӽһ룬ңǸϣĸֳһ˿Ȼʧ˿С
ַĵ˵ͷһԣȴʲôüͷ
һַ̣ץڽ֮ϣŽϵĵȴǻ̾Ϣһ
Ȼһѽ˵ϣǳ̾˿
ΪַòȴָǸߣ
ͨĳܹעٵһ࣬ͻᱬը̫ˣȴǼСԳѾİѵķ˳ܳܵļ㣡
ַȴ֣ǵܶһЩûжսʿ˺һЩħޣǣȴƿļսʿĶһκܴľ룡
˵ͨսʿȻǾõǣҪǶԷӵ˶ûʲôã
ϾԼĵɲڰԪһʰ
ַڵϾĿãҲûһİ취˿ϵǸԳ̾˿׼ϾԼ˺ܶ˼ĵһȻǼߣľ߼塣
սռָһɲַͻȻһȡɱ˹ٵõǸռָ
ռָˣ
Ȼڰ˹ٵļʲôûҵǿ϶ռָ֮ˣ
һ˲䣬ַٶȻ
ס飬ҧԼָռָϵһѪ
һ̣Ȳĳռָ̽ȥǣһ̽;ˡ
ָĶַ࣬ȿһĸڿռָһڵԲΧһѴźڰԵУǹӦоУڿռָһһĿһֱĲԭɢɭȻĺ⣡
Щַ粢û⣬ľѾǾǿɢźϣ
ǾȻǰ˹ץħʦȡǵľɵˣհ˹ٵĻַӵ൱˵ڶң廹ǺڰԵģַܿƺڰԪˡ
ǸɢźĶȴһ¾ַϲĶһЩϣһ۾ϳ֣
ǧ꺮
ûֶ־ͽǧ꺮ԴԱļԭ֮Уǧ꣬ӵ˼Ϊʣңǧ꺮رӲǴѡ
ַвɵϲǧ꺮һ϶ͨĳǿϲ٣ʱԼǧ꺮мԼӵе纮˫ˣ
ַҲ֪Ҫǧ꺮һʤεģԣַҲֻʱǧ꺮ڿռָˡ
˶ַȡǾ塣
ϸ˿һرͨԣһͷɫͷΪͻϵļ⸻еԣǰ˯һ㡣
񲢲㽡׳һֻһĹӡ
ǹͷɵһһҲԵЩأȥʸУ͸¶һʥȻϢ
ַĴ˵гȴһ
Ϊĳоһصʵڹ֮Уɢһǵƣ·Ӳֻһͷһ˲ɵӵǿ
ַͻȻһʶѿڶҿѵǰ˹˵ǸƽʥĹɵļƷȵģӣ


ھʮһ 
ֱַԼﱧŵľȻһƽʥĹͷ

𺳣ַƽĻԼͷǰ˹˵켫Ʒȵģˡ
ǣʲôѵħȵڴС
ʣַ÷Ż
գ֮䣬һСַǰַɫȴɻˣ
ΪоͨͷųС򣬸ԼͷųСһһ
Ҳ˵Լħûеõһ
ǲ⣬ַֻȰһߣ̾˿սԼĽָַŶӣϸĹ۲ǰ塣
׼ȷ˵ӦʬŶԣʬ岢ûκθã׷Ӿ˯һ㡣
ַпʼɻҪôܽԼһأ
ѵǿռָһһԼѪˣ
Ȼַ㲻⣬ĿǰҲֻ뵽취㲻УҲ԰
뵽ַ׼γһѪǣȴȵķֻ֣Ƕ̶һĹ򣬷ҧƵָȻ͸ԭˡ
գҵĻָҲ̫ǿ˰ɣ
ַ籧ԹһٴҧԼָȻѹסӿ飬Ű׷ӵϵγѪ
һѪ䵽˰׷ӵϣַæջԼָסȴЩֻС˵вŻֵʢ档
ǣһӹȥˡӹȥˡ
ӣ׷ҲûκηӦңϵǵѪҲûռָһȥ
ѵԼˣ
ַ粻ЩƣǳֵһΡ
ûзӦ
ٴεһΡûзӦ
ַвЩջĳ׷ӵϲҪѪ׷϶ַѪȾˣȴûа㷴Ӧ
ۼˣַ粻Щģ̾Ϣһһƨԭء
ôѪַ粻ûиооһɾĸов
ǰԼַҲûжⷽ룬ŸΰԼĵڶ
ųԼľ׷̽ȥԵľͷһžԼľ˹
ĵطڰ׷ӵüġ
ѵüĵλòصô
ַһɣҧԼָһΣСĳ׷ӵüĵȥһѪżסĵȴš
ȻһѪڰ׷ӵüĴͽû˽ȥַһϲоԼ͵ϵİ׷ӾھϽһ
ûκλڵĳ֣ڽַ֮ڰ׷ϵѪҲһȥ
ʱַһɴƺϵİ׷ѾԼһ֣
һϵİ׷ӱ˫ۣ촽ţģô£
һַȻǳӵʣϷȴַһ޶
ַ粻һϲһͿ׷ӵĳཥת䣬֮䣬Ȼַĳһ޶
ֻǣĺͷȴܿƵˣ
ַоѾϲˣ
ֱ֣ԼһһĿǰĺͷɫֱһԼķ棬ң滹ȫԼƣ
ַ绹֣ȻϵǿȴԼĿǰĵȼǰ˹˵ġ˷ѵ˼ˣϾ˹ٿʵԼҲǰʵı׼ȥ趨ģԼľֻ弶н׵ˮ׼ҲԼһ弶н׵ˮ׼˺Զ˹ٽԼľȡϣҲܴﵽˡ
ֻǣ˹ȴû뵽ԼľѾﵽ弶ǰΪҲû˷ѵپ
ѹסĵϲãַϸԼĸо
֣Լ岢ûκιһĴڣ־ȴԼĿƣΪԼϵĹϵҲŶʶͬưˡ
ַϸᣬ֣ܿ࣬ԼͨٿغڰԪصħѳԼԺ֮УֻҪͷħ͵ÿΪýˡ
ңַ绹֣ԼûһļûУתһ룬ַҲ˹ԭܼ򵥣ֻһ߼ħ
˵Ҳ˵һһӵĳһ㡭
ַԥһ£ժ˰˹ٵǸռָ˷ָϣ÷ȡָеǸīȻһб㿪ʼĬĬһϵٻħ


ھʮ 㲻
һֺصĸоڷٻʱַоһƬصĿռ֮У֪Ƭռ鷨ʦٻռ䣬Ƭռ鷨ʦռĸֻҪ̽Уܽŵٻ
Ƭռ䣬ԴڷеǸī
ŷٻϺڹһһ̣ǰһָһźǰ
ȺʧһɫͨСͳַǰ
ַ׾ͲԼľñһ˿ϵԼƾ˿ϵñ
ǰȥññеͨ˿ۣһӷĿռָȡһڰԵĿСԭõǸλá
ţַƷСûصռ䣬Ȼٻ˼ãǵıɺڰԵıְٻ˻ȥ
ַҲռСøͲԼڵħƿֻٻʮͨãͬʱٻīɫá
ַѾףīɫڹٶ϶õ˴ȵǿīɫõԴдһ˿īɫþͿ쵼ָЩͨСˡ
ǰīɫãַ˰ŰеĿԼڿĵвһħ󣬲ŰַŻīɫõУīɫùԾֶһ֡
һУһīɫúͷֱʧǰֻһռָ˵ϣַŶӼ˽ָָϣһ
ĵͷ˼һַ̧ͷ૵ҲûѧԺˡ


ϰ⼸رգԺȥַ̽һˣûһ˿չַǼǵдļϷϷ̫ˡ˴ϣҲ˵۹ףȴѹûҵڡϵϵκμأ
۹ʷ϶ûмôһϣ
ϰزɵ̾Ϣѣղѣһµʱ䣬ͷ˲١
ʵҪַİˣ϶ڵһʱŪַݣֻϰȴͲΪַʵݸˣҲ벻ȶַĹϵ˿ɶӦַ粻й¶ݣַ֮Ѷȶż֮͸©ϰأȶȴҲ֪ںδ
һ磬ϰظղѧԱ׼ȥòͣȴԶĽﴫһУ

һ͸¶һɲ̵ֻľľϰֻƲһ£Ҳ࿴һۣͳŲȥ
вǱˣںĶ׼һµĹ׼ļϰѾֹһˣȴһۣæԼȥˡ
ʵ˵ϰض׼ҲûжٺøУַĶͬھ֮ں̶Ⱦ͸ˣ߸ϣϰؾܶԸ˵ģԣϰضںҲתƵ׼ϡ
ʵȺŹ׼飬ϰ֪޲ҲԿеĶӰᣬֿѵĶô¶ÿֶ̫أ޲Ҳᣬɰˡ
ϰشӲ˷ѧԺŴԵǼ䷿ֿԺٻϼȥˣҹܷأֻҪֿһĴǾͿˡ
ûãϲҡϵϵʱͻȻ⴫ŵ
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֨ѽһƿţϰĵ׵ŭûзȴһֶʵ˶桭
ΪſڴվȴһŻ۵ħʦħʦԴȫħ֮УͷϸߴħñסԴ
ϰʶĳħʦǰĻ¿ȥȻһݣϽ𾴵ħʦˣʲôΪЧ͵ģ
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ħʦԼȴһ£ϸں΢žżʵϰػǲ׽вЩ֣Ҫѯһεʱħʦȴ̧ͷ
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ħʦȴǶϰ΢΢һЦ֮дһ˿ΪӵϲؽһΪֿˣû뵽Ȼ
ϰصɫΪŹָ֣˶Է죬ȴ뵽ʲôϽһѽԷУȹ˷ţһһ̣ḻȴǼ˹һ㣬ŵĿħʦַ硭㡢㲻𣿡


ھʮ 
ѧԺԺ鷿֮С
Ժ޲°ͣһ˼ӣϰվַԱߣַ˵š
ʱѾǸСˣʱϣҾɭǿһҹΪҵĺ˲ŹңҾɭ˼죬ȻҾʹħ߳ɭ֣˾۶ӣڡսʿùݡסһ£Ҹоȥ֮һ·СĻص˵۶
˵ַ˼һ£ָָһԵϰصȻҾѧԺǰұΪֿʦ棬Ҳ̧ͷֻϣֿʦҽѧԺ鷿Ϳˣȴû뵽ؽȻ桭ţġΪʲôܻţԼҲ֪
˵䣬ַװһ޹ʹʼ硣
޲ؾĿַĬϰصҲǺɣȻ˶ַⷬĿŶȲɡ
־ɭǸСȻǾżǿ߽붼ûַ߳ûСӷȻ
޲زַ֪ѾͻƵļˮ׼λʥǿߵɻѵǸСô꣬ѾúΣˣ
ǸСúΣգַֻల£еĶҲӦ˿ɣ
ǣԼûԵ˵ĶǸżսʿƽĻص˺ңҪĶŵĻַ绹ƽ߳ɭ
ô˵ѲַƭԼû˵ʵ
뵽޲صɫһ䣬ɿַһ޹ӣ޲صвٴ
ַ֪粻Ҳֻʮһˣ͵СӾ˵ѣɡ˵ôˮ©ôʮһСǸͲ죬Ҫ˵ѣڱϣҲٻһЩ
ǰСһô޹ĿԼϴһ˿Σһ˿޵ãôҲ˵ѣ
޲ػе㲻ģѯʵַ硭˵֮󣬾ѾҹˣСɭ˼죬ʲôάģ
޲ҵַ绰еһ˿©ַ磬ͼӵϿһЩʲô
ǣܿʧˣַ붼û룬ԼƻشпռָҵĿռָﻹһЩʳˮҲɭ˼죬˺ʵûκʳˣĵ뿪ɭ֡
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һԺˣĿѧǸıԼòֱ죬ϣʱıһò
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죬˭ҲԼ뵽Ѿַϡ


ھʮ 
š˵Ĳҿǲˡ޲ص˵ͷϰأش磬Ͱַɡ
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ش۹˵ڶû˸˵һһͷİɡ޲ذ˰֣Լתӱˡ
ϰ漴һãȻַߵһԣͶӽ
ַ类һͷӶľˣЩëæʵؽҸôѧϰأ
СӣΪӣҪʱоѧϰڸ̸㡣ϰ̾˿ڹ۲沿׼ѡһʺߡ
˵ţϰرӻͳһƤʵĶݸַ磺Ҷǰõģ沿˶٣ȴŰɣһĳɳΪרȻҪԼ죬Ҳѧϰ
ǻ˰ɣ԰ˣҾͲ˷ʱⷽˡַӹߣ㷢ߵԺԲƣҲ֪ʲôɵģкϸ壬˵Ƥһ뵽ַһͻɫЩѿʵؽ߲ƤƳɵİɣ
ȻǣСӣ롣ϰذַһۣͷĵĴŰɣߵĲϾĳֶϵƤ֮Ͳḯˡ
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ַϽӹòĿһƤֽϵ֣Сĵ
޲һˣʱҲίˣҲȥϢɣ쿪ʼٸѧԱһѵϿΰɣһµʱ佲ĿγҲֻǻģȻʵҲûҪˡ
ַٴθл֮뿪޲ص鷿
ʱ鷿ֻʣ޲غϰˡ
ϰسĬƬ̣յ޲صĶСԺˣǸҸȷ˴߳
ˣ˵ˣȻǲ֪СһﵽôģֻҪܻžͺˡ޲̾һϢͲø߰ˣڵĽѾˣûҪַ̼ˡ
ǵģˡ
ϰعӦ漴뵽ʲôüͷŽŵˣʱһֱΪַҹϣҷ֡ڵ۹ʷϸûСϵϡ
Ҳǹش룬ȻʦͽѧԺǱȻвΪ֪ԭСһҲ֮ˡ޲صĵһ䡣
ǣҵ˼ˡ
ϰƺЩżæ͵ǻɣСӻ᲻ǡ
ܡ
޲ذִϣ˼һȴĬ̾˿ŵǰɣҲǡʱûҪȥ顭
һ䣬ϰֻܵ˵ͷ


ھʮ Сƹ
֪Ѿգҹɫµĵ۶ʾյķ¹֮±Щ䣬һʱ䣬ַֻǻῴ˿ְ˶ͳѧԺʼڵ۶
Ŀҵһλǧ꺮һʱ䣬ȴûһ
ԽԽɫַЩƣʱ仹磬ĿĵĿʼڵ۶й
ҹĵ۶忴ȥȻ䣬ҪϸϸȥȴԵúǾ£ַһ·ʱܿЩдСǿôɢŹâȴַܵһ˿
㱼䣬·صһվڵƻԻ͵ĽֵϣֻЩâȴҪȼеİˡ
ЩâԴͷǵ۶һЩ̵ɢģЩ̵ĴһЩǣЩ̵ǶħʯڵҹɢӨӨâͼĹ˿͡
Ȼǵ̽϶࣬ҲһЩƽֻ̣ǣҪⷱĵ۶ڹйȥǾҪһʵˡ
ַߵһСƹǰͣ˽ŲСƹȻǹ忪ģŵ¹⣬ַƺܿЩơ
¾ƹݣѵƹݵ˶µ𣿡
ַüͷ˽ȥ㷢ƹݺܲЩխֻһöħǽϣԵúװҲԳ¾ɣЩĵԵø롣
ƹݸַĵһӡǡ׬Ǯô
۶ΰãϷҵＫΪټ˿̣յĴֻˣڽžˮһԲַڣҲֻѡ
˵װͬŮУ˶һսʿĴ磬ǵɫȥɫ䣬ƺЩͣһЩòʧǵĿˡ
һŮԴ欣ȴһ˵ַζһɴ̱ǵˮζڿħƵλϣϸϸƷһСƣַֻһۣҲͲ²⵽ŮԵݡȻ۵λãһ˴磬ҲͲѿǸԮŮˡ
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಻ԶŮ˿ַԼԱߣɵôֻۣһСӣûǰڨ
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ʲô
֮ŮȻҾƣңڴڵ¹ࣿǳʲôˣ
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˿̵İĿЩͣªߵϹһƬƺۣ廹ͣҡΣʱ˯ȥĿܡ
ַһɻݶλãû£Ƿ𾴵Ůʿλ𣿡
ַʱһͷַ磬ǿһ۷ֲʶŲͷĻ˻֣ûͷûԵ˵һ䣺ԭԭ㲻ѽ


ھʮ 

ַû֪ǰС˵Ҳûзϣ̾˿ظһ飺𾴵ŮʿǷĶأ

Щ˯죬ľȻĴַһۣȴ䵽ַϵľˮϣң
˵ţҪȥַеǺƣַһüͷݸ
ˮͲַ磬߸Դѩ׵Ĳӱ¶ַ֮ڣΪҡҡλεӣ͸¶һӺɢζֻǣųª߻ƻʡ
𾴵Ŀˡ
һ˰ݵλñϣַȻһ㶣ŵľˮҲ֪ķˡ
ַĿת꣬ӻһöҵݸƷɣȥŪС
⣬Ͻȥ׼ˡ
ַֽĿת˰ݵϣ˼һ£ǰȥӣʵ𾴵С㣬ܷһ£Ϊʲôֵطأšҵ˼ǣ⸱磬Ӧǹɣ
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ݿͻȻһ˿ߡҵòˣǲǺҶˣ
𾴵ŮʿˣֻŵϵĴ̱ǵľζַ̾˿֪ΪʲôʱƽǸŵСôһʧǵӣĵȴ˵ζ

ȴЦЦĹЦʣλ˿͵Ŀ˹
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زȥݶ˶񣬳һ䣺ô󷽡ɲǸ
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΢΢̾˿ַ¶΢Ц˵˵ɣʲô£
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ǰһֱиԼȴƫƫľͻҡҲ֪Ϊʲô
ãԽԽˣ˾ƺʹԴƮʹѽΪʲôҪҽĳͷء
Ͳַ̾˿ٴθ΢ЦҪѧỻһֽǶȿ飬İżִ⡢ָķ򡣼ȻѾϲӦ˳İţúÿʼθ飬ֺαҪѡѰأ
𣿡ݵĿЩն
ȻˣַЦˣŵģƨģ
ܵġʹҡҡͷ૵Ѿˡ
Ϊʲôַ粻Щơ
ݳĬһ³һ仰ΪѾˡ
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ʱѾһϷһ±һˣ̲˷ϣ͹˹ˡ
ٳһɣ
ַ˵棬׼±һ飬ûԼ˵һԹԵĺȾƣַ˵棬̾һ𾴵Ůʿ˵˵Ĺ°ɣҲʶңѻ˵ҲһЩ
һЩ𣿡ݷ¾Ʊãַ硣
ַһŻһģң
ͻȻüͷϸϸĴַһ֮дһ˿ɻ󣺡ҲΪʲôҸо㶮ҪҶأ
֪ģ䲢ҪҪ˾ʲôַ΢Цʼ磺һĳȲҵġ
ðɡ
ݵ˵ͷҲ֪Ǳַ˵˻¶ǰһӣַ磬̧°ͣȴĵǵһμʱ۶ңԶʱ׼ϷŪǿȻͳˣΪøȤǣȴȻӶ


ھʮ 
ݵȥַ̬ȴûʲôˣͻȻоĹЩϤһüͷ
ȻҾرʰǿ֮󣬻֮ص۶թһʷǮ˵ͻȻһ˿Ц⣺Ҵ˵Ҫȥĵطҵĵ̣Ȼֽݺݵһʣôţ
˵ݵϾȻ¶˵Цݡ
ַоͷƤЩ飬µǸ
֪²ݺȻЦЦ
ȻųªߣַϾݣһдŵС˵ԼĹ£ַһ㱡
ƺûвַһ£ż˵ȥȻҵңҷʲôˣ졯ĻȻһ֮¾Ͷսȴû뵽ȻľͰһˣҶ˱ҵҫ
ַû˵ޱ飬ƺЩĬǰŮԼ˵еĹ¡
ǸʱԺʱ뿪ıӰҺ޲ɱҺǿ˱ҵĶҺǡݵɫӸªϴŵ꣺ǡûãҾȻյѶǸʱߵ̸Ĳã֪Ϊʲôȴرŭһŭ֮£ұܵȥĵطǸطһ¶
˵ݶ˶٣ٴθһ˿ůЦ⣺ҵڶǸطʱȴȻûȻͳʱҵرӣоȡϲҲпɬңǸļһȻҡʱҶʱˣȻعʱ򣬾͸Ͻˡǣ֮Ҳ֪ΪʲôҶӡ͸ıˣȻر
ַɳĬƽ˿˿
ݵϸһ˿įдһ˿ȴ־Ϣ˺ܾ֮ȥǸطϣܿվЦǡ֮Ҿһֱûټˡ
ûַڿˣֻ֮дһ˿ԥΪʲôֻ˵Ѿأ
ûΪʲôһ£ѵ֪кܶڵ𣿣
ݵͻȻ˵һ䣬ĬʹҧҧҡҡͷＷһ䣺϶ˣ
ַϿƽȴ췭ظʵ˶ӲԼףһѾ
ȻǸҹСϽҿߵһ̾һ㶯ģȴû뵽ԼҲһӡ˰ݵУ
һ̣ͿڳԼַ磬Լû
ǣ֪ΪʲôַԺȴȻǰһǸԼٻӰ
ǸٻӰȥоԼһʹ
һҧʮ²
ַһɬЦЦ·һľһ㣬Ȼ˵Ķԡ϶ˣ
˵䣬ַĬץֱַߵǺƣͷڴڵĺš
ˮ˳Ĳ·֮УñͲʵѽƤϣµιַǰһ̣ͷȾƵĶȴ·ֱúɣ
ַ粻ٶĿСϣһʱ䣬ƹݵ˲䰲


ãַ粻֪οڵʱ򣬾ƹһԵȴͬʱվһߵߣҲַ磬ŻںȾƵİݵС㣬ʱˣҲûȥˡ
˵Ӳұ䣬֮дһɲɵζͲ˶˸е·һ㡣
ַ粻ɵЩ⣬û뵽󺺻ǰݴģ󺺵Ļȴֲһüͷ֪ݿǹ֮ŮȻˣ԰˵أ
󺺵ȴüΪƺҲ࣬ԹԵķ¾ƺַһۣлл˵ô࣬ҽаݣҪˣټ
˵ţҲַػվҡҡλεȥһԵĴҲǰ밲ݱһľ󣬶󺺼ˣҲȥ
ַüͷɵýûü˼󺺵ݣͿ˸ûʱǸħ£һֱƷƵŮȴʱվһ¾˰˵ǰ
ƺδ󺺣ȴͬһʱȻǰһĽݵͬʱһɶ
صǡϵĶȴȫĺɫ
һ̣նȻ˱㣡εĿ֮Уʱһɽ֮⡣
ʱַ粻Ҳվ


ھʮ Ů
ϵĶ͵һȷַһַվϸϸ۲һ£ŷ˵Ķֻ֮ɢһڵɫʣɫʵĵ£ŨĻɫֻ˵ĻɫĶ֮УѾһ˿ԵİɫâȻѾӽ˼սʿˮ׼ˣ
ڶϵǲڣַһϤĸо
ڰԣַüͷСѵ˶Ǻڰ͢ģ
ʱͻ谵ĴøɭԱѾ֪ȥģ֮оֻʣַˡ
ݵҡΣ־󺺵ԼǰǰŮӶԳ֣ɢİ˰֣һƨϣŵ⡭ǡִʦĵ̣㡢עһ㰡
С㣬ͷİɡһͷҲûرȻ˵һ䣬ֶŮӿˣ£˭ϣ㶼Ҫסǵȥ·ֵܾͲˡ
ӴǺǺǺǡ
ŮӽЦЦ֮дһģվڽַ粻еһЩʧ
վȴǲûܵʲôӰ죬һڵµȻֵܲκãϣ¾뿪ظҲ֪ǵݣϣ㻹ǲҪ鷳ĺá
鷳
ŮһתһЦҡҡͷû󺺵ĻϵİݵСãҿûʲôӴղֻõĻͬĸоŻסõȥ·มҿҲһˣֻҪúú̸̸õλ߼ʿ󶯸ɸ˼Ǻúม
Ȼ˵ź£ȴЦ⣬ﻹһ˿мûа󺺷
ŮӵĻüͷȴûнϻ⡣
µ˭ſڵĴĶŮӣʱгֵĿܡ
ŮᲱӣһϸָڴǰ˻Σ˭ʸ֪
һ仰ֱȻҲ࣬㲻ٿڣһڣһ˲һΣŮӰΧС
ѽ۸һŮѽŮӾһæϵİݺСãǷ𣿡
λĽ㣬㡭ÿ·߰ɣȻĻ϶˺Ƭġڿˣ󻹺Ĳɶɱ˱
ѽȻɱ˱ѽŮӾһüûг
Ľ㣬㻹ÿɣҪؼˡʱվ˿ѵȻ߼ʵȴ󷨣һżսʿңǵҲӦÿóʣһȰ㾡뿪ɣȻ
˵ݱû˵ȥ˭˼
ѽԽѽȻµĵϸ͸¶ңǺøжѽŮӷǵûȴڳһмģýַͰݲɵöüͷ
Ů˲вɣѵûݻеľô
ַ簵ţȴûżǰ
Ľ㡭ԥһ£һͼԼһЩȻ̾ǡɲҵ¡
Ŷ
ŮµĴһۣô˵ˣ
Ůӵ仰ݻû˵ʲôַȴüͷ뵽Ű󺺵һ˵߾ߣҲɻѵŮ˵˿ô
ûǣĬеİЩͷˣĽ㣬ҵ顣
仰Ȼ˵תȴǲɣŮһεˣɻõ˼ϣҲҪˣ
һԲ̬Ѿ
ǡ
ŮͻȻ΢Цϳһζ֮⣺ǣϲµġ
£˼ҪΪˣ
һ󺺿ڣ֮гһвӦ֪Ǳʵ
󣿡Ůɻ󣺡ıλСô
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ȻѾ̵˼㣬֮жһ˵֮⡣
Ҳ붯ءŮ޹ʼ磺ֻСе̸һ̸ǣȴҺΪѽ
ַҲǵĶԻвɻִʦʲôȻ߼ĺڰսʿ˼ɣУǸŮ˿Ҳ򵥣ȻҲ˼ɡǣƹݿɲô
ߣʰ
ַкɵʱ򣬴̲סˣµһ˲䣬볯ŮӹȥȻûҪɱ˵˼ûгǿ־ͳȥ
ľͲԶƾ߼սʿٶȸ˲͵ǰӿĺڰվڽַ綼оһ˿ǵݸǸϽҡҡλεĺܿսȦӣȻѾҲּ֪սڵʵֵܲġ
ǣֵһĻȴʱˣ


ھʮ 㶮
ԭ嵽Ůǰ˵ĶȻһ˲ַܿ˵ֵŮӵľƺҪΣ˵Χһɫ߽崮
һ̣ʱ·𶨸ҪŮӻ̧ƣֱַΪԼĻþˡ
һ̣ŮӵϸһЦ⣬ֻ̧һڣĲӬһ
ȴһ̣ػһ㣬ͬʱһѪȻȥ
Ѫ׷ɵһ·ˤ˴е档
ء
ܲסǿľζʱ˵ѹ飬˾ҵֻһգ۵ĹԭƾȻôת˹
ֱַˣ߼ڰʿŮӵǰȻȻǱϲӬһôɵľͱˣ⡭ʲô
ַ粻ѿϴǵϸϸߣ¾ǰݿе󷨣
ݿ˵֮󣬱൱һżǿߵʵżǿԼҲûмǸԼеĶǾżԼ¸û˿ֵأԼҲֻǽĶԼһ˲ѹе˶ݵԶѣ
żǿߣŮ˵ǰԼĶһû˿ֵأ
ңҲûбκζֻôİ˰֣Ƶ˵󷨣
⡭⵽ʲôֲ
ǾϰҲֵ߲һغϰɣ
ַ𾪵ͬʱɵһԱȡ
ֱӴסˣվԭһҲô˼ľƶʱ˴룡
ǺǺǺǡ
ŮһЦͲزĴ󺺣Ŀַһۣ㻺Ű˹ȥ
ַ类һһʱоͷƤһ飬ƺǱһ㡣
㡢Ҫʲô
ȻƽԵô֣Ե󣬿ɿŮʵвҲһ־壬ԼѪɫȫޣֵ˵һ䣬ʶĳȥ
СòҪ£ûɱֻǸһССĽѵѣҲֻǻ˹ȥ
ŮӰο˰һİοȴûʲôã߽ȴȥֻƹݱͲû˵˽ַϡ
𾪣ַҲعݵĶһһ̧űǰһǣݵ֣
ƺѾŵˣıַǣסԼ֣Ҳû뵽˿̵ǰ壬ƺоЩϤһӰԼļ
ַûпô࣬Ůӣȴ̾˿𾴵ŮʿҪǰˣ룬ѾŵλСˡ
Ŷ
ŮͣԭأµĴַһۣȴɻô񲢲ѽ
ΪʲôҪ㣿ַƲƲ죺ҪɱҵĻˣȻʵȷʵ˵ûκε⣬ô
ӴСܵܣҲһСѽŮӵĻƺ˼
ַ粢ûϸŹֵɫȻұͲһСˣң𾴵ŮʿȰһ䣬´ٸ˵ʱ򣬿ǧҪáСܵܡƺˡ
ҿһСѽŮӲûַġҸ桱һЦ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݣҿ׶Ӵ
Ҳ˵ЩʲôַȻô˵ȴֱ͸ĸоеΪŹ֣Щᷳ𾴵ŮʿûʲôĻǾҪ뿪ˡ
㶮ģô᲻ء
ŮǰｿЦһλŮ㵱ףô˵˵Ļأҿûжȡ˼ı죬ֻڶ˼йһо
һ£ϵЦݸʢˣһ֣Ϻ񻹴รҺ֣ѵںд߳ô
һ仰ַһжʱһƬհףоֻʣһ仰ô֪ģ
һַ̣𾪣ݷ·ҲʱعʶĽץַһ¡
㡭㡭ƺѾ˵ˡ
ַ룬̾˿ٿŮӣתŰݣЦݡҡпԵġ
ݵı鼫Ϊӣªдţôһץץַ磬ԭأЩ֪룬ƺԴɻĿ⡣
ҪӴҲҵı֮һŮƺǵ⣺ǸһΪҿ͸ĿĺݡСܵܣϵǳǸְ֮
ַһٿݣٴתĿŮӣ㵽˭
ң
ŮָָԼıӣͻȻ¶˲õЦݣİ˰֣Ǵкһ㣺ҽпɪա
ַüͷ˵ʲôȴͻȻоһϽתȥͿһֱӾô˹ȥ


һ 
ݣ
ַһ˲Ŀɪգæѻ赹ڵصİݰںãĴָס˰ݵС
ɪտַĶǰһιСܵܣǸأ
أַûĻһ䣬вƺҲı䣺˵㣬ܲܲСܵܰ
ӴǺǣСܻܵѽɪսЦǿҲʮһ꣬ͺС
ַƲƲ죬ûһĹַŬڼ˳ɹĵ۾ɿԼĴĴָ
ףɪȻҲ˰ݵѣɵö࿴ַһۡ
üͷվƺЩֱַ磬Ŀȴǳɪտ˹ȥ
ɪ˵ʲôȴͻȻһüͷ
һüͷַ翴ʱһ
Ů˵ʵɲ⣬߼ĺڰʿɫݣ˿ȴôüͷʲôˣ
ַиоʱλȴ˳Ŵﱻɫһ䣬һĵɬģϸһȻ˭ǺôĵӣȻʦĵ϶֣
ַһеʦѵǸִʦ
СʦôһƺţҲһ򵥵ɣ
ңַɲȥ룬ھƹݻסһλħͻ׵ġʦʦ϶ġ
ţַͻȻоʶֽԼһ£ҲһסݵƱʾοݵֻԵһ£ʵʵ
ʱɪҲڿˣֻ֮һϷʣȴһࣺһٵģһһġ
ֱɽˣ
ַͻȻһ⽳񵽵ʲôˣȻŮ˺Ҳʵһ㣿
뵽ַǰһѯʣȴоͻȻԼһѣȥֻݵɫ˿ԵЩżסĸԼҡͷʾԼҪ
ַȻɻ󣬵ݵĶֻʱǿѹסеĳ嶯䡣
Ȼüһ˿ɫߣ˵ͽʦ
һ仰վĽǶȻûʲôַĶȴǷͬСɣַۿ˿ɪյʵҿӣǰһĻѾѵˣ˵仰ַɾԵЩԲˣ
ͬʱַҲԽԽ棬񣬾ʲôˣȻȻһ֣
֪磬һλǾǹͺڰ񣬷ֱŹڰ
ǵģСһѽȻַϣɪڰͲסӣ¶˲ͷɫҿͿĸ˵㷴ˣ
˵䣬ͻȻŤƨɳȥһ߻ţȥȥȥվԼȥҽ񡣡
һɫȻ䣬ڿɪյǰû˵һرѪĻҪȥǾ̤ҵʬ壡
ϵȻ壬ɪɫһ䣬ƺҪ
ʱ򣬺ȴģĴһӣɣǵסġ
ƽȥȴǼΪϣַ粻ⵣʱжĿܡ
߱㹧ĳһʵʵǣʦ
˵ţ͸ɪÿһɪռˣһۣмĺһŤƨɳȥˡ
ɫƽʲôɪȥҲַͰˣת˿ɪյĽŲ
ַˣĴĵķڰݶ߶Сȵңҽȥ
ݸŶߴһûг׵Ĵѹһʱ侹Ȼ˿ڻش
عʱȴַĵĳȥˣʱд󾪣뵽ʲôһ㣬Ͻ첽׷ַĽŲ
ַĵĸߵһľ룬Ÿճ˼ȴͻȻǰȻعͷ㲻ܽȥ
Ŷ
ַ˵ʲôʱ򣬰Ѿַ磬ϴһɾֵɫʲô͸Ͻַ米˵㡢ǧҪȥ
߿ַ粢˺󣬱˹ȥӱһģĶ̽
˵Ƕ̽˵ذףֻ꽫ﲢץУ˿һ̽ͨɫҹյǳһ㣬ʱƮǹ㣬ȥΪλá
Ŷ̽ͷ˱仯
ַвɵòһɴ߾ôһԼԼȴоǰһƬգߵԵʵ͸
ָоַʮһͲйģʱɵʶҲԭء
ݿɫ䣬˲ץסַһǾȥƺҲҴż˰˰
ۼ߾ͿҪߵַߣеĶ̽ѾݵһҲ¶һ˿ʱǰڵǸϵٶ𣺡ӣȻǸСкô棬Ǿɡ
ƽȴһɲɿܵ־


һһ 
ǣʦ
߲ɫеĶ̽źٴξһȻתĶַİݣ¶һ˿в˼
˺İɡһַߵһֻ̣оԼҪˡ洫˲ϵְķŻ˶ˣɿַ½ǣȥ
߼˲ûж˵ʲôҲûַ磬Գźȥˡ
սһַ̣Ҳо彥ʵˣвһɼΪܵĸоУƺҲһ
ǲûʶŵΣգϸϸĻŸղʵĸо
֪ΪʲôַץסǸоһʱ䣬вǿѹסеķ̧꣬ͷһȥıӰϽ׷ȥ
λˡͻֻһ£ղҵΪʲôúܲʵַ׷ߣеʡ
Ӷ˶٣ƺԥһ£תͷĻص񽣡áǰûдﵽ˼ϵʵͻĴӶ޴֡
񽣣ַһʶѿڶ˵ղǱ̽
ǵġ
˵߱㲻˵Գȥ
ðɣл
ַˣҲֻǿ˵䣬̾˿ĸȥ
ԽߣռԽСҲӻ谵ΧƺʵһɹŹֵƺĲһų⣬ַ粻޴²ĸо
Һãξ벢ԶһַͿǰһεĴţǰĿɪֻİ˰֣žĴˣſɪպ߲УַʱֻȻʵĸо
һ伫ĳη䣬ǽϣһȴûУһյĿռ䡣
ڵĹ߲谵ŻĹߣַ㿴߿խڹսҴľͷһεĴţ߹սǵľͷһɫµڵͷæʲôǶȿȥͿòͷĶ棬һߴ꣬վԱߡ
ɪս֮󣬾ֱӳ߹ȥַҲֻһߴΧĻһ߸ǰ껺š
ԽԽͷͷڷеĶߵһϴϴ֣һߵĲ֮£һϡ
ɪͣͷǰԶԼߣϽͷ˹ȥվӵұߣ֮ǰǸ߷ֱվͷԣǡһ㡣
ַͣվ˿ɪյߣϸϸĴǰˡ
мϵˣϵƺѾˣϳ˲ߣɿݵļַоʱȥĿܣ΢΢ͷ˫ۣһΪ̬ܵ
Թվߣһһ·ң඼һģ
ʱߵǸϴ΢΢Ǹַ˵ͷ˵ȳֵǸߡ
ַʶһ£žͷӦ˹ɫĻһ
ӹѾȵϵͷڿˣ΢΢˫ۿɪգ㲻Ÿ㽲ɣ
ѽΰĽ񣬰ִʦôأ
ɪᲱӣ˫ֱżд΢΢ķ̣һʵǲѽ
ɪգﻹһλСء
ͷ΢΢̧ͷַ磺ҽһ°ɡҽа֣¾ƹݵϰ壬ȻҵһݾԱߵҵͽܣߵǽܵ£ұߵǽܻܵ¼̳ҵĿұ첢ҵξƹݵߣܻҳϵĻ𱣻ҡ
Ļ£ܵ±һɬӶַ˵ͷֻܻ΢΢ףӱ䡣
ַ粢ûʲôǴһкҽܵҽַ磬ܸʶҡ
˵䣬û˵ʲô
С֮Уʱһʵ̬ĿɪգһɲĽܻϵͷַп϶ͷǱϿô򵥡
ӣɪպͰ֮ƺʲôԨԴȻǰԼ˵Ϊ
СܵܡһԵĿɪͻȻַһۣŶִʦǵĽŶֻſԴӴ
ɪյĻаһ⣬ַȻףһ

ô
֮ǰΪԼ˵һĻַҲû̫ȣ֪õһϾҲֻһǻվԼǰ
飬ǿǲͬģ
ѵͷ
뵽ַ㲻ټȥˡ


һ 
˿ַжٶЩƵĸоͷԴ˵һ
һôܻ˼أ
ܿ죬־ͽַɻ󣺡СѣɲҪɪ˵ԴأֻǻһЩıѡ
У
ɪмһڣСܵܣɲҪรǲ˼ģǿΰʹõĶǿеǳ԰ִʦֵ֮ıܻǸСһġáɾǰִʦΪһม
ַ˹
˵ֻƿأǿеǳǰİִʦֻ֣֮Ǳ֮ѡ
ַ绹Ķˣ
ſۿ˽ܻǰõĿֲˣ˵ǱúͲãֱӣ
ִʦԼǿǧ꺮ԼһĻ
ڳ⣬ַʱûпǣǰԼҲҪһ£
뵽ַҲܿɪյΪʲôԼ㲻ԥ̬ȹʩһ񣺡ʰִʦǷңҴһأ
ַû˵ֻ֣˵ûһθ棬ԷͻΪԼһǸǲܵģ˼⣬ⲢҲ߱һܻеǱ̽һ
Լٲ˽Ҳ׸Ͳô׾ɵģ򣬵ĺҲ˵ԼĻԼˣȻеǼȻҲǳ԰ִʦ֮ˣ
ʣԷԼ׷ǹʣƾʲôһμͻ᲻ϧΪԼһأ
ԣַܼ򵥣ֻҪԷԸԼһͨҲͺѵˣңͨԽ֣֮Ҳôƽɣ
ֻǡӦԼô
ϾǵһμѣԼ˵ĻѾͻˡ
ַ˿̲Щ㷲˵仰㹧ĵͷȴŰֵĻش
ӴǺǺǣСܴܵܺ
ֻû˵ɪȴȿ˿ڣ֮дһ˿ͣҲַַ֪˵ġ֡
ɪգ㲻ҪϷŪλСˡ
ֵƢ·𼫺ãЦЦַ͵Сѣǳֵɳ֮Ϊʹȴһ
ַһüͷʲô
ͬʱҲһ˿ˬ
Ů˺ˣԼ
ʥ򾳽磡ûдﵽʥǸͼԦЦĺ޹˵ҼʹҲǲʹõġ

ַɫͻȻЩѿΪ־ܾԼΪǸнܻ꣺ô˵λܻѾﵽʥ򣿡
ַ˿ͻȻоǻҰܣԸͨյķʽٵԼԼͣڵʵѾеˣ
нܻ꣬Լ˼ɣȻǡʥǿߣ
ַ粢ǼʣţΪʥѶȣĲ˵Լڵˮ׼ҪͻƵ弶սʿˮ׼ԼյڵĵٻҪͣܳʱ䣬ңֻļ弶弶ԺļͲ֪ģ
ճƶϣ츳ãҹͣҪʥҲҪʱĻۣ˵һתƣҲ˵Ҫʥĸʱ䣡
ңӾżͻʥַȻ֪еİأ϶Ҳô׾ͻƵģ
½ϾżǿȻ࣬ȴҲ٣ٲʮָȫĽֺĹģʥǿأʥ֮⣬ֻ޲غλصôңڿ»ҪϿɪ˰ɡ
ܻΪҪ㹫Żûʲô٣ȴ
Ŷʥľ磿
һַ̣ĵ׼ֱ˵ĳ嶯ˡѵһ￪
ֺܿͽַɻ󣬳ַϣʵȴ
ûУûʥҲ¸㣬ܻûκ似û
ִʦϸ˵ɣôǺǣΨһһôﵽʥʹõңҪҲΪ̣ʹ߱벻ӵжҲ˵ֻʺûʹãһͲˣô
˵˵¶һ˿թٺ٣õǰʥˮ׼µ˼ɱҲ˵һֻĲϺʹõҪҪһЩһҲôһѡ
˵˵вּһ˿ź


һ Ҫ
˿̣ŰִʦһźģҪǿǵܻվԱߣַȥʹͷһ٣
ôһҪ
Ҫ˴֣㻹Щʥµ˸ô
ַһѿɫһԵĿɪղ͵ЦСܵܣǲǸеˣ
ַ簵а˿ɪһۣûǿɪǰˣԼԼʵˣٱϻǲܵŮ˵ģǣַ΢ЦŰ׼˿ɪգϵЦˣȻһ׼ɪյͷ
Ȼ򲻹㣬аɣҾ͵һؾӣڲ֣
ţ˵ʲôɪûַ˵ʲôַһɻ
˵ʥǿߵȻẦˡַ΢Ц
ɪղɷõĵ˵ͷյַǰһַָֻԴһȰСܵܣҪ֪ǺҪһִֵʦòˣͽܽܵСղҲˣܵСǼ̳˰ִʦĿұม
䣬ַʱ˵ĳ嶯ɫıܿ˿ɪյֵĸһһۣԼᱻˣȻ̳ܵ˰ִʦĿұ죬ȻҲˡ
˵ţַһϽ԰ִʦִʦллҵĺģ뿭ɪŮʿҪ̸ҾͲˡ
仰ĿľҪǣȻԼĿûдﵽпɪŮԼ羡ȥ
ЦЦ˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôַˣֹһ׼תȥ
ǣͻȻһӿռָȡǿǧ꺮ϵִʦҵңǧ꺮żȻŵõģҲûʲôôٱǰ͸ɡ
ǧ꺮һַȡڵ¶ȶʱ½˼֡
ַֻоޱȱ䣬æһ㶷ɺ
ҲһôĹ۲ǧ꺮ֻǧ꺮汻һڲ͸ʰɢĹ⣬ַ֪ͲʲôѾʵʻĺ
ַ뷨ܼ򵥣ȻԼʹãԼҲæǧ꺮ǻ͸ͷˣǧ꺮ֲ͸˵ò
׻˵˼ҵֶ̣˼ҵ̣ͷԼҲԼһ㶫ɣ㲻ԼκζҲɣ
ֻҪϼһԼǧ꺮ǾǱǷԼһ֣ʱԼҲ׼ֻҪʱӽÿζһЩϵĻԼܳɹͻʥִʦݵĽҪǲ͸ԼһŲӣ
ѼϡǾԺˣ
ҪץסȻ
ǧ꺮Ȼ󣬵ԼﲻһܻһֶΪأ
ԡַǾһôԶĴ㣡
ǣֻûпڣһԵĿɪȴʧĽ˳֮гһɾϲͲ죺㡭ôǧ꺮
֮࣬ɪյҲԵı仯ַ磬¶˿Ĺâ
Ŷ
ַ¿ȤüҪ𣿡
ɪյ˵ͷ
Ҫ˵ַһģ㲻˵ô֪Ҫء
ɪһһķḡģ¶˿ɫСܵܣҲҰִʦĿľһЩ꺮ҺҪΪϵ˵ȫҵΣڵϦҪǾҪܶ꺮ʱĽȸͲȥѰңֻ˰ִʦܴӰִʦҪһЩ꺮ǡǧ꺮ĻһѾ㹻ˡ
ſɪճϣַĵЦһ£ֲ֮ǰʱڽܻ̬Ȼԭѽһǧ꺮̬ȵı仯ѽߺߡˣǹƨ£
ղ㲻ˣôҾ֮֮
ţַϱ¶Ϊѵɫǧ꺮ԥǡѾӦ͸ִʦ˰
ִʦ
ɪ̼ˣæת֣нǧ꺮øҰɣҿɪǷһ飡
飿
ҿˡ
ַ΢΢ЩȣȻɪտһʥǿߣ飬൱ֵǮ
һüͷһǧ꺮Ȼ󣬵˵Ҳ㲻ʲôȻвٰ꺮ûǧ꺮Щϻȡһʥǿߵ飬ҲǼΪģ
ǣڿɪǿַǿǧ꺮ǧ꺮ԲԼģԼҪǴӦ˿ɪգ񲻾ͳǿˣñ˵ĶԼһλʥǿߵ顭ʲôݣɶ
Ȼһʥǿߵ󣬵ƾ¢ϴļʥǿߵôҪ֪ɲֻǿɪʥʵ
仰˵ָͲںȻ⽻ʥǿߵ飬ǰǲܷԼĽ
ǣֺȷİԼƲˣɪգ㲻ҳŵǧ꺮ַСѵģ㾡˼ɣҲûаϵ


һ ܹ
һ仰ַ˰ֵ˼ҲףǲмԼ飬ɵͶȥһмĿ⡣ּˣظַһº͵΢Ц
Сܵܣǧ꺮Ұɡɪ̵תìͷʲôҶԴӦร
ģ
ַ翴ſɪյһģвɵ뵽һЩͷʲôӦϴҲУҿҲ̫а˰ɡ
ƺǶַ˼ɪͻȻһַߣ㡭ǸɲӴ
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ַ类ɪտ˼ɵЩΣװһԼɫתΪ࣬ŵָʲôĶӦôȻڵµڵġ
Ȼѽ
ɪմʱҲûж˼ϷŪַ磬һ֣صصһ䣬˵䣬ͻȻ뵽ʲôϽ˵ˣ㲻ҪȻȲϰִʦҲһЩķมһм֮ǰ·Ѽİ꺮˵Ȳǧ꺮ʻӲҿð꺮һϲ
˵ţɪմĿռָͳɢŵ飬ʯͷͬǧ꺮ʵʻڱϲͣð˿˿̫꺮Ҳо֮⣬ⷽϣܺ׵ĶԱȳǧĲ
ڿɪó꺮ַ粢е⣬꺮ҲôĲϣǧ꺮ԶȻڰִʦ󵽣һ󵽣ⲻٵˡ
ַʵҲ֪꺮ǧ꺮ڼӲĳ̶Ĳ࣬Ѿ˱Ĵ໯죬ֻҪγɰ꺮ǾѾ̥ˣӵкĳ̶ȣǷֱֺںǿ
ַҪǼӲʵ˵ֲҪҪǼӲܹԼڽеǿȣǾ㹻ˣ
ԣַӦӦɪգҲֻһ仰ѡ
ȻַûȤ֪ɪյ˵׷ʲôʣ˳ְһѾܻЩĸмȻҲġ
ǣַҲܹ֮Ҫ棬Լ͵üװһ£οŮˡ
ǣַվԭأֳһԥģ
ɪմ˿Ҳ˲϶룬һַģʱżˣ֪꺮ļֵԶԶȲǧ꺮СܵܣҪңǲԿġš˰һ֮⣬ٴӦһ𣿡
˵ţƺ뵽ʲôϽңұ֤˵꣡
˵һ䣬ɪͳһɫʯͷϻǷڿռָֻҪǳ˵߷ΧڣܸܵﴫĲֻҪڣܻ˵꣡
ɽ
һΣַ纰ļΪʹ죬ÿɪմӦԼһҪģ˵ꣿַȴںһʯͷϾܻꣿҲ̫ˣ
ַڴӦԼɪյ¶һ˿ϲɫæãһΪҶԹġ
𣬱ˣʥǿߣ˵ĻôŲأַæֹ˿ɪռ˵ȥַĵĻϱӿĲͷˣڹ񣿵ǷĴڣһδ֪أ
֮󣬱ʹһЩ鼮Ͽ˹ڼϡ
ΰʥ˵λ飬һΪ񣬶Ϊڰ񣬹ʴȣڰ
ԣϣ˺ڰ͢ˣ¾Ͷŷˡ
ַУ飬ҲһЩʵǿ˶ѣֻʵ̫ǿͨ鿴޷⣬ŻͨؾηĴڡ
νԼĸϼסʮһУధȻȥϵֲΪʲôһɨسŵ³
ң鱾翣ҪӲ˵Уó֤
ߣƾһʥ֤ʲôأ˭ûм
ԣַĴڣѹ͸ţֻһֱû˵һ˵˳ͻ̱˰󵽹Ļճɻˣ
߿˵νܿĳЩΪ˹Ȩֻ棬Ƴһõˣ
Ȼַֻһ˵뷨
ɪַĻϲɵøһ˿ŹֵɫַزʶǶϷŪСһԼȻô׾Լ
ɻͬʱɪյҲЩů⣬˵̬ȣûжַȻԭַı֮С
ãšɪհʵʯͷӸַ磬ȴûżַǧ꺮ǽе꺮һԵİִֵʦҾͲǰŪˡ
˵䣬ҲȰֻشתַ֣ͳȥСܵܣߡ
ַ΢΢üԼִӿɪյǸЦЦŶŰִֵʦĺܸлϣԺһܳ
ֵȻַлԼʲôˣַСӣҲûжȥ룬Ц߰ɣǶееȤԺпյȻֻۣҪ˵ģȻ
ַˣٴθлһ԰˸֮󣬱㱻һԼɴĿɪץסֱ۾ͳȥ


һ Ůһ
ݶڴ֮УرӣһԭضҲλڰʿ̾ϢһŪĵ档
ʵ˵ڸͲ֪ʲôԼ顣
ΪַժԼߵ飬ÿ춼ҪԭȶĸСʱԼĸ׵Լûôģڰ̻ʽĿľǼලԼÿÿʱ䲻Ͳܡɻ˿ɻˣԼߵȥʲô˶ԼȻϲ
޲֮ôţ°ڵֻͻ䣬λڰʿߣڵһʱϵϺڰ̻ˡ
ĳȻǺõģԼҲףݾǸоˬ
챻ӱ䣬һ仰Ը˵ִֻ֪ļһԼƨɺ棬ݸоԼǱؽ˼ֻһˡ
ԭ֮оЩƣ¾ƹԺƾƣΪ֮ǰԼĸ¾ƹݵȻҲ֪
ǣԽȴԽƣַڨʱᣬֵǸ֪ҲȥţҲ֪ԼôģȻ˵Ǹ˵顭
뵽ݾ͸оһȡ
оҪǡȻǸߵļһԼڶף
ڵ֪һ̣޲Ҹطȥ
ǡԼǸŮˣȻȻ
ɪ֣Լ˵ʱԼĸôԼģݣҪסԺҪһСɪաŮˣʲôҪܣΪȣ
Ȼݲ֪Ů˸Լĸ׵ʲôޣǽ仰μ
벻пɪյŮ˾Ȼôĳˡ
ݵвɵЩңá֪ҵݡ
ڴ侲֮󣬰ݵȴӸѾȥǻ赹λʿˣ˿̣Уѱᡱ
ַ᲻ܾҰҪǲܾңһôأ
ǡҡųª᲻еģ
ժǡڰ̻ʸԼԲժˡ
ţݾ͸оԼԽԽ죬һֱӾͺ쵽˲Ӹϣšơ
⡢ֱ̫ˣ
ݴСɶûвμӹκι峡ϣûͬйʲôܵĽӴⷽ飬ʵ̫Ϊˣ
ǡ뵽ַҪǾܾԼݵһ˲
׻᲻ܾأ
˼пܰ
׿ڳԼѾˡǲڱľܾԼ
뵽һɫ˲ͱòҰף뵽ܾĿҪ󣬰ֱоԼгģ·һʯͷѹסĿڣԼԺ
еľ䱾Ͳ̱ϣŪĵ棬Ҳ֮·ĦĴ̶
ԽԽƣԽԽѹֱоԼгԽ͵ĸӣȴôҲйһ㡣
˺һڣҧҧһ
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ţͻȻ洫һܶһҲ룬Ͻӭȥ
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һ̣ݵı齩ϣп˿˿⣬ܿʹȫ̾ԭء
ַʱҲ˰ݣ֮ԸֳЦݣֻΪΪԼܵõһֵˣǣܻᣬϱʱΪ˵Ͳ³˰ݴ˼
ַȻţϾҲһѪˣȻһŮȥ鹢ڻ֮˽֮һСϿݵʱеǵڲ֪֮´һ϶
׶Լ׵ʱоһϸ΢ۣȴҲһ˿ɬ
ʵ˵ȥݵԸ̸ַ粻Ƕɫûжģ뵽ǰŮ뿪ʹ࣬о̲סЩ£Ȼ˵ļʱʧֿ̹ĵʹ࣬ȴһ㶼ûǣ
ڰݣҲ֪Լ÷ʲôλˡ
ⶫɼһ棬ַȷżһ¡ƽԸ˵еҰСе˼ȴڸԶ밮飬ԼͲٳʹ࣡
ԣڿڱʱַ̲סЩѿɪյȥο䣬ȻˡԶ밮顱ͷѳ֣һҲû˶
ʱɪҲ˰ݣ˵Ů˲˽Ů˵Ķ֪ȻҲС椵˼ȴ붺һС椣Ҳûɿַ֡
˵־һֱǣţڿɪ׽Ū֮£ַ翿˿ӣһ۵ӡ
ַЩΣɪյĿ˰죬Ŷ԰˵һӪĻǸôûȥ
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ַ仰в֪Ϊʲôһί鲻ԽľͰԼɪնԱһ顣
̲סԼŮ˳ʵϣһԼǿģ
ǲԸ񣬿ɪպַܵӣĵȻһûлشַĻͦͦԼظȻ˿ɪһۣ֮󡭡ȥɬǣַһֻ֣վһ࣬Ҳȥ
ԴǹĸоַԴһ¾ˣĵ̲סҿ⡢ʲô¶


һ 
ֱַЦãǰûϾǰֻһͨҲͨϰ壬߲Ҳ˧һŮѾһֱСĵĺǻˣأ
˿ַ̣Ҳ֪Լôźˡ
Ȼ֪ô죬ŽԵٺ٣ζҲ
ŮԴ˿ȴڴ۵Сۣ벻ַеͷ
˿̣ɪЩĴŰݣУǾȡԭΪòªҵΪĵԱԼȴַȻǸߣƾԼַ̽ŽҴַ磬׼һϷ
ʱ򣬹ַ綯ܣҲ޷Ǿ뿴ݵ׻ķӦ
˿̿˰ݻصɹĵ׵Ȥʱ͸Ũˣ
С椺Ű˼
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ӲͷƤ˰һۣȻӰݵϿһ˿ʧ䣬һ˰ݵһ±ʾο
ݱַһգǵõĳһ㣬ֱֱЩҡҲȥַ絽Ҿȥģ
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仰ɪжʱˣּ˾ΪĻַ磬ϾͲҪȥˣסŰɣ˼
˵װһ޵ģͷŤС˼һġ
ҿ
Ҳ̫а˰ɣ
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ַݺݵɪû˵ʲôһȻ͸ɴתƵĳƹȥˣһߣһ߻԰˵СãСʿȴڰִʦɣ̫ʱǾͻѹ
ſɪյԶȥӰҲʧ˴֮С

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ַڶУҲʲôˣӰܿʧ˴֮С
ȵǶԺ󣬴Ӵĺ棬ֳ˰ִʦ˵ӰһԵĽܵºͽܻСĲŰִʦƺһȾ͵ڵء
ִʦſڳ棬вʱŹʣô˺һִʦ̾һ
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ִʦֶŵϰ˰֣λڰʿô˰֮У
֮󣬰ִʦ֣˶ʱͻƶ˹ƶִʦǰԶ˵ذϡ
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ִʦԸЩ㲻ϵˣڽܻĲ֮£Ƶĳȥˣֻе̾Ϣ޵Ĵ˳ǲ˻ˮ


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Һãһ˵ĿĵغܿѾﵽˣɪͣһǰƵһֻȥ
ַ翴̲ɵһüͷΪʱ
һҼΪ̣ͨǵڵĹԻ谵װβ忴ȥΪ࣬ڵ۶ҲǼٵƽˣֻǵ̵ϰ켼ɸշҲȽϺҲ
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ˣϻˣҪһáɪտҲûֱӾͼ棬˷ԸϽɡ
ԿɪձֵļΪ˳ӣɪյķԸ͸Ͻַ˾Ϲ𾴵Ŀˣɡ
ϰ壬ּˡַǰһк˳߽УЦǲ˼ô˻㡣
˵Ļпɪմвҿ֮û˿ǳ羴顣
ַһߣָָ߽ĿɪգСϰ壬ʲôˣӶ𾴰
𾴵ĿˣѵʶôΪȡ
ַҡҡͷ͵ǲŸʶáҲ֪ҪһֵıҲֻǸҲôӦҴһѡ

ͻȻͺһţǹŹ֣һŴյַ߾ȵԭΪԴİ
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⡭ЩΪѣȻɪմ˲ûиССȻҲͲ˵ˡ
˵ҲеĽһ˫ССǣҪܵõһɪմٻʮҲֵ
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ַüɵЩ⣬ԭֻΪɪҲļɸһȴû뵽Ȼôߵۡ
ĽӣַвɵЩڴԼǼˡ
¾ƹݵĺص֮ǰɪվѾѯʹַҪʲô͵ˣַԥĸҪһؽ
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ַ˿ټ̸ۿɪյĻ⡣еΣҲ֪ôݴ԰һԣתʼԼ
ﲻơпɪմ˸ˣбҪô
ͷһַϾǿˣҲû룬ʼһһĸַ
ʱվһԵİԥʵȴַĻش𣬵ǿڲ֪οڡ
ƽֱֱԸðݴ˿̾üоһ²һЦϸַܵ磬ֻ˲両ŨŨ
ѵѵ֪Դϲˣ̫
һǹģһǣ
ߵĶ˶ţһҧڸַ署۽ǵȴ鵽ɪѾ˳
ע⵽ڿɪźϸµİ׻ϣһһֵؽ
ðĵһ仰ǣôô졭


һ Ʒ
ιСܵܣѾÿ
ɪȥҲ죬ƺûע⵽ݵı飬˵仰ַͷͰؽֱӾôġԸַ硣
Ӵֵؽ·һûУͬһСľһڿлһߣ׼ȷ䵽ַͷ
ŻַߵͻȻͷôһŵϽʱؽѾַͷԶˣ
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ҲҲ˿ݿϵؽֻеķŭʱ˲٣һ̣ǻʶĹһ˿ȡ
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˵䣬ַͰҲһ뿪ֻ̣󴫵˶Уллһټġ

˿̣һʱ䣬·ȴѾַͰݳĬĲڽֵ֮ϣ¹⽫˵Ӱĺܳ
һ·ϣΪЩΣ˭ûȿڣֻǾôĬĬǰС
һֱʹԴ֮ǰ¾ƹ󵨵ΪֱС¹ײһ㣬Ѿ뱣ѧԺԽԽﲻɵЩż
ַҲ˰ϵı仯ĵ̾һˣС㣬һһֱǱĵף֪ܲܰҽأ
ʲʲôʣַһϲ˵ȻЩˡ
ַϳԥɫͣ½Ųתȥ԰ݣҺ֪㡭ôһŮӣΪʲôܴһªأ
ҡ
͸ַͻȻ뵽ԼǴԼĸϡŴԼģϴθŸһȥڰ̻ʵʱ򣬺ڰ̻ڼǿߵѹԼժ֮ǰߵһ͸©ȥٴμǿѹͻʧԼڵֻһεķʱ򣬾ڰ̻ʱ˶û˰취
Ȼݲ֪ΪʲôҲԼЦɵøϽĿڣֻǣһ̣˵ַܾĻȴо쳣ѣҡڻܸ㡣
ŶǾ˰ɡַ粢⣬Ļһ䣬ֲ˵ǰš
һʱ䣬ƺҲ˻⡣
ݵﲻ֪ΪʲôȻһɸӵζַԼġǡͻȻоһʧ䡣
˺һϸһ˿ԥ͵͵ַһۣѹסԼӣСĵ㡭ˣ
˵仰ݵжʱ㸡һί
ݳô󣬺ô˵ǣΪʲôΪʲôԼͻأ
Ȼô룬ݻǾİָоѹУԼϲˣԼһӡ
ַϾΪˣȻѾĿַ绹Ǵһ˿
ĵٴ̾һһǰţһ֣صûУˣҲûϾ飬㲻˵ȻҲĿԣôأСҿԳƺ㡮ݡô
Ȼԡ붼û룬̴


һһʮһ 㰮
ţݡ
ַһ󣬻ǾԼ뷨߰ݣȻ˺ŮӣȻҲһ㶯ģַ绹˾Զ밮飬ⲻǲ̣Ҳǹðݳֻһֱ΢Ķҵıˡ
ʹʹַйһʹĽѵʵǲ׳ˡ
һԼе˼·ͨһЩҲ֪һ壬ңֻһƽСͬԡ˼룬Ǻܶ෽ļϣʽϣͬ
֪ݵ˵ͷƺַ绰еĺ壬Щ䣬ȴĪһɲ֪νӲһ䣺ǣô
ô
ݵĻشַ簵̾һС椡ûԼ˵ʲô
Ϊ仹̫СˣͲԼ˵ġŵԡɡ
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ԴһϲԼŮӣǲЩпˣ
ַԥ֮ʵʱ򣬰ȴ̧ͷӭַĿ⣬һЩ䣺㡭ΪҪ¾ƹҴĻǲǲ׼ұ¶ݣ
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һһʮ ͳӲ
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˱Ͷ˳ܵӣҲǶҪйиʱôɵ¶˵ͷϡ
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ϸֵһ˲䣬ɢԵĸоȻ·Щƣ˿ȥȴôġ
һ£ַ̾гԾѣһ̺ǿĵؽӲӶĽƣǼϺӲصĹԣȻַһ̫似һѾСˣ
ǣ׶ûܵʲôʵԵ˺
һ潻֮УַҲڿ˶Էò
򵥵һƤףϲûЯǷӼϻըԵļһСɽһ㲻ɺһûκαӣȥǱʯͷһ㣡
˽Ӵĵһ˲䣬ҲѾչ¶˶ԶǸСӳȥ
ֻǣһ̣׶Ѿлָ˹ûżַ֣һԵİ˹ȥ
ַղѾԶСӶԿ׶ķԸԼݳȥΪݵİȫģ׼ʱٶеĺӲͳſ׶ıӰ׷ȥ
ǸСǵȵЩͷԶģߴ˿׶һ׶㰡Ϳ쵽˽ʱˣϽǸеģǸŮĸץסȥˣڸùסһɣ
ȻԶΪΧԵʣĴ˹
׶ûпһ˰ݵǰȿ尲ݳªòʱ򣬲ɫ΢䣬뵽˶ԼķԸûԥһֱִ־ץȥ
쵰
ݷŭһһ̣֪һźڹذףǵ׶ץĴ֣ĳ׶ֱۺݺݴ˹ȥ
ʱַҲѾ˿׶ǰһеĺӲͳſ׶Դȥ


һһʮ ʥʿ
һ̣׶ܵ˫лȴֵļΪ򶨣ַҹһȻЩɻ䣬²ƽƾͳԱȥٶȱַҪǿ˲٣һ֮£㿪ַĹǣźڹذףȴѾ䵽ֱϣ
һ˲䣬׶ٶȸֳǼΪϧԼĶһ㣬ֻڷ˵ĹϣŽ¶
ļǿذĸ첲ϣȴĶûдֻ̿һ˿΢ɼĺߣ˲ذ״еĵطֱȥ
ꡪ
һ΢΢ĸʴӿ׶ֱϴһ˲Ͱһŵζðһ˿̣ȻݵذҲʲôͨĻɫ
׶ʹֻһüͷûк߳ȴһ˿ײʹޣһ̣ǿֱϴľʹһֻƱץһ˿ɫþͳԼֱð̵ĵطץȥ
һ˲䣬ַѾͰ׷ݳв䣬кâ׼׶ԴٴγĴȥ
Сܹ֡ϷȻĵСģҲһбһ£Ѿȫ
ַ翴Űݴ׶ͷ̻ӶеĺӲ׶ɨȥ㲻Ƕôһ¿ô㣡
ͬʱлôľ֮£տ׶ٶѾˣüͷһȻϿԾ˶ַ繥ѡ
ǣһַĹǾζҪ԰ݵǰѹŹذˡ
Ծһ˲׶ðֱϵָֻһɽ׵Ĺâֱϵ̣ʱʧԽҪͷĺɫذף׶ҰɫĶңıϣһ͵İ׹⣡
һ̣ɫذ͵İ׹֮ϣšꡱ΢죬ֻԼذײһµԼõǽϣһɾ޴ĳϮػһ㣬һĪĳɳȥ
ԶԶķɳȥ˶ʮף䵽˵ϡ
һڵϣ˲ˤʹ˲͸оذ׵ֻֻʹ
ѽ
ݳʹһʶӵеذףֻǰذ׸ձڵϣͷˡ֨֨Ĺʲôʴذһ㡣
ذƺ뵽ʲôҧҧϵʹվŻսַ˿첽ȥ
ڰݱɵһַ̣͵һͻ֮£ʶľϽ׷ȥ׶ȴŹ֪һʿͳַ˹ȥȻģļһпռָģ
ַֻоһƿתȥæ׶ȴͲŹַ磬ҪȥַٶٿҲϲҪͻƵ˼սʿֻû£
ŻҰ׶ĳ׵ĴַĶһ¾ĸ䣡
ڱеһַ̣ʱͻˣ
ģҪӵҲù
ѪͬʱַŻĵѹһ㣬˲˳ſ׶ĳݵϣ
һΣֻ֮һĵǻȫĵַ缯һϣ
ǿĵѹ˲ᴩ˿׶ӣžĵ⣬ĺҹ͹Գ
߼۷ʵȴҲԳסû
˲䣬ֻһļ͹ͷ쳣ʹƫƫһ㣬ֻԼɤӲԼƣȨһ̱ᣡ
ַ˳ƵڵأѪӿס˿ҧҧһ˿׺ݣһֻץźӲͳſ׶˹ȥ
ء
һ£ʧȥԼȨĿ׶ͱַĺӲҷɳȥףӻΪһһԡ
ַڵĵѽݽߣһֻƾؽĽƣӲǰ꺮죬ֱɪս£صռʣڵصĿ׶͸оϮжЩӿ
ǿĵȻûֱҪָȴоۣǿдӵվȴоԼ·ûˣһŸһž޽Լַ磬ҧҧǿóסԼ壬ٶȱҰ׶֮һ͵Ĵףȴһֻ־£ֻۼһʮּܵ״͸¶һʥȻƣ
ʮּ״Ķַ˿׶ݣ֮ȴԶ˰ݷ̵û뵽߹ʥʿȻΪһСû뵽ǣһʥʿȻֱ޳飡


һһʮ 
Ҳû뵽һŮӾȻǺڰ͢ˡ
׶ڿˣֻ侲κ
Ҳʥʿʲôʥʿģڸȥɣ
ַѾ˿׶ǰԶɿѾҪֹסѪ˿ڵֻ֣˫ץסʹ׵Դ˹ȥ
ַ磬Ҫ
һ̣żַ米𣬼е֮Уƺһ˿
仰ַȻһſ׶ϸ飬ַʱʶ˲ճȥĽȴѾղˣһ̣Ϳ׶ǸʥϢâ͵ʮּܣѾ͵һּ䣬ӭԼؽ
ʥʮһԼĺӲû˽֮У˲䣬ַ绹ûüɿ֣͸оһɴ˳ؽԼУ
һһըըԺУַֻһתûӦоʹһֱ̣Ӿǰһڣʲô֪ˡ
ѵ
ַײǽʧȥʶؽӲҲڵأַ֮ǽϵĵ˵ϡ
һ˲䷢̫죬ðݸûзӦҲַûлͷųĺڰ
Ҫ
˺ѷεŨľ˲һԵĿ׶ϵʹϽַȥ
һ̣Ѿᵽɤϣǡ뿴飬Ƿˡ
׶俪ڵùȥˣˡɣùԹԸߣҲ⽫衣
˲Ľֵϴ֮дһǿҵš
Ȼȥˣֻп׶ףԼֻǿ֮ĩˡ
ֻΪַϲйŹ֣ȴû뵽ȻԴǸСӵ
֮£˾޴ĵ˵ôľʹӵѾѵõˣվȴ֣Լ˿᲻ȻڵĶûĺܶ࣬ȴֻóǿ֧վľȴǼеĶ
˵ΪһоѾգ
֮Աֵôţ޷Ǿ뻣סݰˡ
ʱݳֻʵʵı۾ˡ
ͬʱ׶ҲЩջΪһ飬ò״ӽ͢׷ɱһѵİ£Լƭ˽͢ŹҴ֮Ϊӣ켣½һʱ䣬ǰãڱƲѵ£Ͷһ壬ȴû뵽ԼСˣȻһ׼ӵܣ
Ϊ˻ȥڹеֻÿΰС˳ͷʱ򣬾¶Լ汾ҲûʹùڵѪΪԵʣڵĹѾ޸֮ˮһһ㣬ȴ벻һΣȻᱻһļСսʿƳȫ
һлǸС˴Լģ
뵽׶ĿԼСһۣȴ֡ȴǸСƨȻ֪ʲôʱɵˣ
׶ֻһ߻ָһ￴ȥ
Ȼ׶Ļûȥ
һֻ̣ĿѣĶַ类һ̵ľ
֪ķΪԵʥʿıܣҪĴĹ֮˲նɱһ߹Լ
ͬһбļù֮ڵĹ֮ͻữΪգֱһָ֮
Ҳ˵׶һУ˲ɱһսʿ
ֻļʵַ磬ȻǱˣ
ݲ֪ǣ֮ҲҪȫһȻ̬Ҳһܾ˵þɱһˣԱ߻˵Ļʩչ߿˵Ǳɡ
Ѿַǰַ彥ģһ¾ַϣĺţַ磬㲻ҪҪ
ĿȴַֹģƣֻƬ̵ĹַѾԵò
ģ忪ʼ䵭ҪͻȻʧڿһ㣬Ҳ͸͸ַ壬µĵ档
ֻԼԽԽᣬһи
ַѾԽԽʱʧĿܡ
ڵϵ忪ʼݾȥַһۣȴֻǴһƬա
Ȱ㻹ǲҪ׷ˡ
׶ִ˹ݻͷȥͼųһһԼ˹
ݵĻָ׶Ѿָ˲Ҳǿһ˿ˣƾһ˿ûǸźڰذ׵İݣͲԼĶ֡
ߣĳɫƫƫòªСֻ弶ʵȻȫʢ״̬ԼҲ
ֻҪС׽סˣԼС˿϶ͻԼźõģʱҲܺúõϢһˡ
ݵ¶ŭɫ˲ȫʹŨŨĶת׶ȥȴпһٴתַʱ۵׶ʱ㸡һ˿ϲɫ


һһʮ һӡ
ַֻԭѾ޵壬ͻȻ۳۵ٶ֮죬ԶԶǾܱģֻƬ̹򣬰Ѿַܴˣ
ʲʲô
׶ȻҲǿһĻԭ侲䣬ͣǰĽŲЩŤ
ݿַ廹ԭĶʱӿޱߵϲһ̣û׶˵ʲô
ֻǶ̶ôһĹַѾԭģϵ·Ҳıһ˿һ
ַ֡硣
ݾϲ֮Ҳ˲ַΪʲô֡˹̽ԵַӣĳƽɵƣȻ󣬰ݱ㸧ַӣٴַ硭ѽ
š
ַƤ΢﷢һ߽Űҡ壬üͷҲ˺һĹָҲһݿֳϲɫҡַ壬ͬʱҲڲϵغַ磬ַ磬ѽ
ԭصĿ׶֮ɫվԭһҲҶƺǱַĸס
ڣͨݲиŬַƤŽߵİݣɵ˵һ䣺ôҡҺû
ǰûϲһ߳ţһʶĲ۽ǵˮ
ַ·һִԼɵǽϵʱѾԸоԼڷѣԼʶҲýģݺͿ׶˺ʲôҲˣȴ֪ΪʲôԼʶɢһ̣ȴͻȻʶҲָΣȴԼơ
ֱڣŸоܿԼˣ۽ˮİݣַЦЦˣⲻû
ţˣҲˡһ߲ᣬȴһ߻ǳš
ַͻȻоЩۣԭҲһŮΪԼᰡ
֪ʱʱٴΰο˰һ䣬̽ԵĻһ֫壬ַ㿴˿Լ䡣
һԭȱ׶̳Ǹ˿ѾȻϣֻ·ϵǸѪһеķ
̾һ㲻ԼǿĻָֻȽĵףһ̣һԼڣֳ˽ӽɺԵĵ֮⣬ȻӯЩֵǣԼڣȻһССʮּܣȻʮּܵĹâЩҲ䵭ַ绹ܲʮּɢǹʥϢ
ôġǸСĶΪʲôܵԼˣ
벻ףַҲȥ룬оԼһı䵭ò˶þͻɢ̽Щַ֮ӵ
׶һַɫȻ䣬ǰľ˲ͱ˾֣ҲŵĿ⡣
ˣݣӦǽʱˡַ翴˿ݣ¶ůЦݣͿŰɣһｻˡ
˵ţַҪ𣬿ɰɫ˱䣺˶ɱѽ
İɡַЦЦһûʲôˣץסô￴ôãߣҪһ¾Ͱɱˡ
£ַվ˰һŵ֮󣬲ŰĿת˿׶
ֻˣǲǺܾأ
ַƬ̣޹ʼ磺ʵԼܾȣҸͲ֪Ϊʲôܻ
˵䣬ȿ׶شַһӣڵϵؽ𣬷￴һٴΰĿת׶һ㵵飬üͷô˵أǲǱɵˣ
㡢㡭׶ڷӦ㵵ַָ磬ţ㡭Ȼʥ壿㡢ôʥ塭
˵ʲô߰Ķôһ㶼װ
ַһ£˿ˣ˵Ҳ˵Ǳ˵ˡţؽΪӲ㿴ģ͸˿µⳤĲ࡭
ʲôϲһ죬ҹõıɫŵĻ֮£Ҳûע⵽Ρ
ַ罫Ӳǰ׶˿һءҪɱģɱ֮ǰ׼йһйеŭ𡭡һһӡ
˵ַѾ£Ѿչ¶˶ŽǰĿ׶ȥ
׶û˶ôľ֮£ƾڵһ㶷ǲˣѾ嵽Լߵַ磬׶Ҳڷˣ
ԼԴؽҲ㣬ڵһ˿̧еĳͳַϴ˹ȥ


һһʮ Ѫ
׶ӵ߼ʵȻ;ƿ֮£ٶȴҲڵַȵģؽûҵǰһѾ̵ַĿڵλã
һַֻҧǿŤһӣһ̣׶ĳѾֱ֮ϣ߼˲ͻַĻֱ壬Ƭ̾ʹݻΧ⡣
ǣҲڳһַ̣Ѿȫһ˳ſ׶ĳӿȥ
ַʹһؽ֮ȴһ̣׶ҲΪַһЩ壬Եһ£ûüսӲѾϣ
顪
ֻһͷѵ׶ؽǿҵûеסӣַؽѾһϣ
顪
һͷѵûжĿ׶ֻƾͺѿַĹ򵥵ػѪҲһ죡
˵ħʦ̣Ƕսʿ̣ûսʿֻܳƵǿ׳ֻļڲ˶һϸսʿ
Ŀ׶Ȼ廹ǿᣬʧȥ˶ʧȥһսʿ̣
źӲϵԴ顱ҲڲҡΣԭǷѾ˳ΣѪɽΧĵ·ϣҲַϡ
Ѫַɱһ㣬׺ݵ˫͸¶һ˺Ȼı壬֪Ӷ˺Ӳ£ǰ׶ѱεַͣĶ
ء
ʧȥĿ׶˵ڵϣﲻϵðѪһַֻԵĳ鴤ͣΧ׵ĵ·ѾѪȾ졣
¹ڵ֮ϣһ㣡
ַֻоɲ٣ѾմѪĺӲĺһ
ֻؽƽ˿׶ϣԣ׶Դûбԭַ绹Ϊ׶Ӧûָ˲ԼɱҲףַѾ˷ųڰ׼ȴû뵽׶Ȼû˶ٷ
һĹֱַϵ˿ѾϵĲˣ𻵵ļ⣬Ҳ˿ڵϺת˲٣ȻڻЩʹȴѾ޴ˡ
ַһὣͶ˿׶ԣѱε̾һ治ף㲻úõڹ͢ʥʿȴȥһСʲôѵǸСȥ۸Сʥʿ磿ΪԼеĶĺܺ棬ʥʿǲǶûʵļһ
ɱɱҡ졢ɱҡ
׶ðѪݵ³˺ļ֣Ѿʲôˣֻܵɴһ˫ۣĶַ磬Ȼޣȴ֮⡣
ɱܼ򵥣һġ
ַһϨȥļŭ侲֮ɵ˿׶ŵĻһ£ַüͷͻȻһ飬ҸղŴӵʱ˵ʲôʥ壿⵽ô£ҽһ£Ҿͳȫ㡣
ɱɱҡ
׶ʧȥʶһ㣬ֻظ仰ֻ۾Ķַ磬۵֮ǿ
ַ粻һ䣬ң˵ʥ嵽ʲôҾ͸һʹ죬ȻĻҾͻøʹ࣬һһһҶֱָ˵ʥܡ
ɱɱҡ׶ظš
ߣַһӲ׼ȷ˿׶һָϣָͱһѪģ
׶ȴǸûиоﻹظͬһ仰
ַ䣬һȥֱѾѿ׶ֶֻҵѪģ׶Ǿ仰ȴûиı䡣
ַвɵ̾һ׶Ѿоʲôʹˡ
ˣһǸһʹɡ
ۼˣַֻվеĺӲһ˿ݣĳ׶ȥ
һ£ַ粻Ƿųһ㣬Ѿȫؽڿ׶ԴϣͱŽһѪ
һ̣׶ֹͣ˳鴤촽Ҳº϶ֻɻðѪҺ
ַ罫ؽÿͿ׶ԴѾԼұ⣬ؼ棬ʥʿȷˡ
û׶˵ʥܣַжٶЩź̾Ϣһ׶һԵĿռָʰĿתԶǸԭصСӵϡ
ߣڹѾʰˣʰˣ
ţַӲԶǸСȥ
ԽԽŵ¹⡣ַ绹ûСӵòȴѾΧĵطѾһ̲ˮʪˡ
ٿԭصģַһмҵжأô¾Ͱŵ˿ӣ


һһʮ ٲݰô
ϵ̲򼣣ַеıĸʢˡ˹ȥҲڿСӵò
Ŀ⿴ȥԼиʮġ꣬һ·˹ݣ۵Ǿֵ飬һ˫ַ۾Ҳȫǿ־塣
ȻǱַĲбסˣѪĿЩַһԼ±ܲһ̲
ַ翴СӵģƲƲ죺ΪʲôӲͷأû뵽ȻǸݰ
㡢
СڿڽˣֻǷȴԵúǵ㣬ǿ̧һֻ첲ַָǹ壬ҡ߿
Ŷң㵱ҵôַ粻оЩЦ㻹ٲݰô
㡢Ǳƽ񣡸ҶҳԲѷ֪˭𣡡Сӿַ߽ʶĲźȴӲһ䣬ͼùļŻסַ硣
ַһ⻰ͱˣͣסǰĲСӱһľ룬Цһ䣺Ӵ˭һ治֪أ
ҡǵ۹оĳΤ˹Ϸļ̳ˣòҪΤ˹ַͣ½ŲȴһЩ˵Ҳ˳ࡣ
оĳӣϷļ̳ˣ˲ôַ粻мİһۣҵѾǸˡ
仰˵ĺƽΤ˹Уȴһɷŭ֮ɫ㡢ɱҡ۹һţ
ȥģַͻȻһžȥð˦ǽϣ
Τ˹ֻһͨˣСС;ͱɫͿӣַһŸûзӦ̷˳ȥصʱȴٴβġˣ
ӵٴγַͻȻһƨɾ˵ϣһ߿һ˵۰㲻ҪٴˣҿԸܶңҪʲôС
ҪʲôУַΤ˹ǰ۴޵СӣԼת䣺Ҫأ
㲻ɱңΤ˹֣̿ͼٴвַ磺ҿǹ壡
壿ô۸ˣɱ޹ôַȻһ˵ô
ȻΤ˹ƺַѾϹһ߿һֱ׳˵һ䣺󡢹ĵλ߳ܵ۹ɱ㡭Ǳƽ߹Ĺȣ
Ŷˡַ绺ĵ˵ͷüͷ˼˵ֻҪҵĵλߣҾͿɱˣ
Τ˹оַĻЩŹ֣ԥһ£ǳϵǣ
Τ˹ȷϣַĵ˵ͷãȻԼô˵ģҾס
£ַһͼħڵľͼħﲻƬ̾Ѿ꣬һ̣ǰʱ۳һС
ַиȻöסС˵ߣٴοڵһħʦô
ħʦĵλڹ֮ϣǾ˽֪ĵΤ˹ȻҲ⣬ַͷųСʱɫʱ䣬Ҫܣǵٶȡַ翴ģ
Сݰʲô֮ǰһҪȿһº
˵ַץС˳ȥ
ڿлһ׼ȷΤ˹ϣĶΤ˹Ʒɳȥһ̣ʱϵ·ȼ
𡢻𰡣Τ˹Ĵһ˲ˤ۵ӣڵͼϨϵĻ档
ַ翴һ䣬ȫ¶Լȫ׷ȥ׷Τ˹ߣеĺӲͳΤ˹Դȥͬʱ𣺡Ĳݰ±ӻȥūɣͶ̥ϻˣ
顪
һ̣Ӳ׼ȷΤ˹ԴϣԴҿ˻ַ翴ҲΤ˹ʬ壬Ͻȥ
վԭصİĿȫḶ́ԸΪǿҲַԽбֶɱ˵ľٶסˣѾܵԼߵַ磬ݵɫÿǹ尡ɱ˲ġ
ʲôɱҲɱˣʲôõĵģݻû˵㱻ַϣмһڣǵ鷳ˣҲںһǻǿ߰ɣղǸСݰһɤӿ»Ѳ߾Ҫٲߣ鷳ˣ
ȻַΪħʦõĵ۹Լ鷳һȻһĺáҲ֪ԣͲٶ˵ܿ͸ַʧԭء
˵Ӱʧãںķʹڵֻûã۹ӵȷط
죡⡭ôˣǸģΪ£ԶԶĿŵϵʬɫѿ
һȥ곤һЩȻ򶨣ɫȴҲôÿ
ֱҲǣȻҲǾϿѵΪ۶Ѳ߾ȴûϹսȻҲѲߵʱٱɱʬ壬ȴûмôпĳ档
һʬѾΣֶֻѾұ⣬ʬΧɽһŻѪҺһʬ壬Դֱӱҿ˻Խһأȥȵһʬ廹Ҫģ
Ǹ塣곤ǿ̸зӿǿ򶨵˵һ䣬Ȼļ̾˿ǻǵȵȰɣȲѲ߶ӹٰʬߴɡɱ֣Ȼһ˰


һһʮ һ
ֳͬʱַͰѾ˱ѧԺŵĲԶطѾͣӣַһüͷöϸһϵѪϵѪζȴû١
ݴ˿ʹѾ᲻٣վԱ߿ַĶ̲סһ䣺û뵽Ȼô
˵ǿû˵ַ翴һۣȴǵôбô
ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷ¶һ˿ѯʵ˼

ַֹͣ·Ķ̾һЩζҴСһϣҪһǱ˾ͻһһζòǽİ취ԷΪӶӱ䱾ȻˣΪʲôһ㣿ɴֶβбһЩЩ˺㣬㲢Ǻ۸ģ
˵ַѾû˵ѣԴȶڹܼϣһζַѿȵûʲôȴֱӱϳţ
ԼбôȸϾɱĶֶ̰غͱа鷨ʦ˹٣ݰСΤ˹ԼһԱֶΣʲôԼûкõĶֵһĻԼڵзѵֵˣ
һվ֪ѹեԼϰ壬ǸԼȥŮˣԼĺܲбô
ַвЦ
ݳĬһϸƷζַĻ˵Щʲôַı飬̲סЩģĿڵַ磬ôˣ
û¡ַ̾һ֣ǻǻȥɡ
˵䣬ַǰȥݿַıӰƺֹվû˵ģַ󳯱ѧԺȥˡ
ʱѧԺѾʼžѵԼ£󲿷ѵһѧԱǶѾϢˡ
ַͰѧԺ·ϣѧԺΰĽַƽǰЩϤĸַֽ羹һ밲ȫһӣڻصԼļһ
ĪɶʱַһЩŵͷĬİݣЦЦôˣʲô
šݵͷӦһȴ̧ͷַ磬ɻ󣺡Ϊʲô֪ôࣿҷ֣˵ĻƺǺеܾûЩԣֻһʱҲ벻ﲻ̫ԡ
ôѵһֱ˼ôַһ£ȴһ˼Ƭ̣ż˵ȥӦ˵ĻЩƫ˰ɡ
û˵ϸһſڵ㡭ΪʲôСַ硯ֵأһǵáҲرŹ֡
ŹôַЦЦҲá
˵۵׳һ˿У˿ŷбˬĸоż˵ȥҷÿ˵ҵֵʱҶһеĸо
㵽ʲôˣͻȻһ⣬һΣɫȥЩӣһ߹ħʦֵı죬ΪʲôҪѧԺһսʿأǲǡħЩŻ㵽ѧԺģС˼Ҳ֣ĶĻеܺ档
ȷе˵һˡַЦ˵һ˻Ѫ嶯Ĵ𰸣һЦᲱӣҵ˼ĻûʲôֱӵĹϵ
˵ʱѾ˰ǰַ̾˿ظˣ㻹ϢɣҲûȥˡ
ˣңԹĿַһۣڷӦ˹ȴͻȻɫһһ˵һ䣺̫ˡ
˱һָӵĶַ޹ʼ磬Цһ䣺ôǲڿʼЩˣ
ûСҡҡͷɫƺЩãֻǸоĥ͸Ͼһƽĺ棬µ磬ȴ·رḻʡ
ˣַ翴Űݵӣʹһ˿ůԴˣˣϴϴ˯ɡ
ݲûзַĶַջȥ֣۵ֳһ˿ʧԥһ£ַѾתϽ㡭𣿡
ˣַתŰݣһ˿΢Ļȣѻ֪ѾˣҺڴǾȵӡ
ðɡݵʧԱЩ

˵䣬ַת뿪˰Ƭڽ췢飬вɵЩ̾ϢȴԸȥ룬˼һ顭
ַ粢ûżȻᣬǳѧԺĹԡҵķȥ
ȻϵѪѾˣȴһŨѪζַɲһصð֪Լɱˣԣ׼ϴһϴһ׸ɾ·ٷѧԺ
ң׼һڿݽߵĵоһºӲؽȻҪǼһǸսƷ
һССʥʿȻбĿռָѵʥʿݡô
ַвŨȤ


һһʮ ׶ռ
ռָĲϼ䱦󣬶ңûһ𹦵ףҲ첻ֶĲƷӵһöռָÿ˶ģΪԴºܶණЯ㣬ֻΪΪǺܶħʦҲûݳ޵Ķ
ؼǣռָǸħʦƷÿ˾ĴСӶܴ洢ĿռС
Ҳ˵ԽǿʹõĴռҲԽ󣬾Խ෴
ַ鷨ʦ˹пռָ֣ϾǿľңЩ裬ҲȻһʿ
׶ȴͬ
Ȼ׶ֻһսʿսʿľȴͨ˲˶٣
˵䲻ģһսʿſռָǰݳ޵ĲƷ̣ˣ
ַŲȥɵɵſռָǸСݰģƣӾǰӾۡ˵Ҳûĸռָʿ
׶һöռָȻ飡
һ·⣬ַܿѧԺĹԡǰ
ΪѧԺͳڽ棬ҲһжԸŵƴڣһֱŵ۹ոսĴͳİҲΪ򵥣ûвûԡҡ
ԣѧԺѧԱֻܵԡԡˡ
ʱҹѧԺѹϴԡĸ߷ڣԡ˸صʦ֮⣬ֻʣַԼ
ַ߽ԡҵʱ򣬸صʦŵַϵѪζѯʵʱַЦ˼ѵдʱСһˣǱǸô˻鷳ϴ衭
һˣ
ƭ˭أ
صʦȻʵǿŵַŨѪζҲֻ֪һСô򵥣ֻùô࣬Լֻһŵģֺαضأ
ǣַ˳Ľ뵽ԡ֮С
ʱ䣬ԡҸûһˣЩרΪС׼ԡҲտҲ
ַܿѡһԡأˮȥ·˽ȥ
һ£㿪ʼԼ塣
ַȿȥģԼֱǸ׶е˿ڣһһƬļ⻬ף˵ʲô˿ˣһϸëڶҡ
ַͼһԼڣ㷢֣ԭǸʮּܣ֪ʲôʱѾʧˡ
ѵһУ׶˵Ǹʲôʥйô
뵽ַȲĽ׶Ŀռָָ̽ʱȴɵۡ
ָĿռ䣬ΪַΪԵñȽϿտƬտĿռ֮УİڷħһöԲεĻºһССıӣ
ӣַĺͱѵеܶ¼֮
ַϼпһЩϣ֪ÿʥʿд־ϰߣڽ͢һЩش¼Ҳһ¼УСӣַһ¾ͻ
Ͻԡվٶȳϴһ壬֮󣬱ȲȡСӡ
СʽΪžɣһ֪Ƕ֮ǰģϲûдʲôַ֣ܿľͷ˵һҳ
ּһ֪ʱ׶ľ״̬ʼȴǹžɣҲ֪Ƕ֮ǰдɵġ
һҳûмʲôмֵϢֻдһЩճİţƩ˼Сʱ֪˹ٻ֮ơ
ܿ죬ַͷ˵ڶҳǣڶҳҲͬһҳһ㣬ûмʲôмֵĶַ緭ҳʱڿһЩмֵϢˣֻһҳȴֻһ仰
ΪʲôΰĹϣԭǰɣ
ּͬȴԵЩʲݣ͹˵ʱ׶ҵ顣
ַĺͱȼȲķڶҳϽ鿴
ܵĹİҳϵ˿׶ںָǰķָһȷķɣԸģҿ׶ˣҳϴδı䣬򣬾ҲòϢɣ
һּЩң˹׶õĴʣҲ͹Գַ翴ƣַһҳ
ҵңջعĻ֪ζʲô˭ҲȥţҾĵ뿪˽͢ΰĹ񰡣ҵҳϣֻڻ
ַһüͷûԥ㷭һҳ·һҳԶֻּΪʲݣҲ룬еּܵеּ忴ȥԵüΪңּԭдʱΪǿҵŻᵼµġ
ַտۣо󾪣


һٶʮ ռмص
Ǳˣ˺ԶվǱ׷ˣΪʲôΪʲôвսĺûȴĶԴңҪ𣿣Ҵû𾴵г˻һֻǻˣҪ𣿡
һּһּǳЩģлףӳˣںһҪ¼ʹҲҪ֪͢ĳǼֱǱΰĹǲ䵱ˡ
ַв
͢гΪʲôᱻ׶ΪռдǸָľгô׷ʲô£׶Ȼᱻ͢׷ɱ
ַȻԹ̫͢˽⣬Ҳףֻ͢н̻ʲ´׷
ſ׶ռз߿ôǲǾζš
뵽ַмֱֺ֮ĸо
ѵζŹֻ͢һô
ַϽһҳȥ
û뵽һǻȥˡֱڣҶԽʵΰĹ͢ȻΪ˳ݵ飬ţôªһĻȻΪ𾴵гϳ֡һ죬ۿг˸ʮ߼ʥʿһɫҩ裬ֻգ۵Ĺʮ߼ʥʿͻ赹ԭأȻҾͿг˽ǵһһʣǵ඼ȡ˳ΰĹ񰡣ʮӵдսʿʵĸ߼ʥʿô
һҳּȻЩǳȴ֮ǰҪˣһλֱּЩң
ô̵飡ɱܵͬ飬ǸǱΰĹܵĳͷлװƭǣҲҵѣԣҪ뿪һҪȥֻлȥŻнʵµһ죡
ַһûж룬һҳ
ֻǣһҳּȥҪȽ£дɵģַֻһͷоͲɵЩŹ
ʮˣһֱûҵʵĻᣬʮڴ·ǰ꣬Ҽ۶ӶţǹͬıԵҺãҵʵǣûڱıԭϡѾ˲ǮƣȻ뿪ǡ꣬һֱڵ۶εջڹ͢ľư֮Уȴûв̽õѶϢҿʼãΰĹѵʮ㶼ûзֹ͢ﱰɲ̵ΪôΰĹȻƵһΪҿЩһªȫ½˶Ѿ
һҳַ粻ɵüͷʲôҲȥ˭˭ֻǣҲЩŹ֡
ռд͢һֻƤǱ˹񣬻˵͢һΪǹ⣿
ǰ߻Ǻߣ׶ռгΪʲôأ
ǹкͬ顭ԭ
뵽ַͻȻЩ꣡ʲô£Щʲôҿ׶û˵ʲôʥɣ
ַ翪ʼµķһСӣֻʣһҳּأһƬհףַһסӿȥ
һҳּ£һ֪дģֻΪܣΪΣһôдģ
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һΣַ粻ɵ̾һһֶԼ˵ûʲôֵҲȥܿ׶飬ȥĦѾŤ˼룬һеϣһϣ
û뵽ֻǶ̶һµʱ˽չʱС˴ȥ͢ڷһЩܣһҲûлɵҵϣܴ̽ЩϢѾ֪ˣȻ֤ݻȫţԺǻл̽ģֻǣЩȴҳԾߣȷ֤֮һȫ¼
ּ¼Ѿˣַ翴֮ﲻɵЩʧȻͨⱾռ˽һЩڹ͢飬֪ģȴû淢˿
ڿ׶׷ʲôַҲȥˣûв鿴ʥļأַҲѾڻѵ棬һƪռǣ˱˵϶Ȼ󲨣ǣַСߣ͢ʲô飬ʲô£
ֲʲô񣬹ǹ⻹ǹ͢ıѣַϹʲôġ
̾һַ罫ռԽ˿ռָٿ飬ȻȡһЩڿݽߵĵϣõʬ壬ٴʹϴһ裬һһ׸ɾ·߳˹ԡң˷Լĵ·ϡ
뵽ú󰢶˿Լվǰȵӣַ鲻ɵúת࣬ţַʶĹһ˿Ц⣬µĲҲӿ࡭


һٶʮһ һˣ
ʵɱ׶Ҳʵ⡣
׶Ͼ˼ܶ࣬һʼϿȫʵַ˿ӣһʼʹȫĶַѹͻķٶҲ࣡Ͳô׵ľͱַԣҪԾʮ㣬ҲȫĶַʩչˣֻǣûϵַĸڿַ֮
˵ʼչ¶ȫʵҲͲôһ³ǵһαַ֮Ҳҷɳȥٻܵģ
ʱַѾȥˡ
ûַѾǰʱڵģ·Լ֮⣬ûˡ
ķŲǸԼһݵǰ˼ѹסеķӿվԭԥã̧һֻ֣ߵ˷š
ˡ
ݵƬĺҹصݵ֮УȴӽǱͷӿϢ˸ߵ㣬һַ̣羹ǰδеĸеĽţΪһź󣬽ҪӭĲֻǵЦӭֿȡ
ȻУԼദľҪȶǣǿŵֿģҲַļ䡣
ǸԱȻദḷ́ܶϣַҲԼԱӰӡ
Ǻǡڿٴ˰ɡ
ߵ췿ŵַ֣һ
ݵļž󣬷˰ɢҹģ˭
ַ죬ȴû˵
Ƭ֮һַ·ع
ַֻҧҧ촽ٴߵ췿ţƵġˡٴδ˰ֻһΰɢ֮дһ˿ͷ˭
ҡ
һΣַڴӺＷЩ֣Ȼ᷿Կһֱռָﾲİڷţʱ·ʧȥŵ
ף
ַӦ𣬷ڴ˰ɻƺַЩϤеһ˿䣬һεࡣ
ʱַڴ߶죬ٴʶһƽԼŵ顣
֨ѽ
ſںҹﴫ˳ȥƷĹҲǸЩӡ
ݣַӿһ׽ֻǰԻЩ˯죬ҲЩʱ򣬺ôһ㡣
һַ̣ʶһ£ĵײŲٻʱ򣬺Ǳʲôסһ㣬һҲ˵
ʱǰĿȥϤȴͲʶġİˡЩüͷ˭λ
ַͲʶԼСһüͷʱԼߣ΢΢Цһ£㲻ٳɣ̧һֻ֣Լձߡ
վǰ˷ǵشԼڳһĪĶвɵøһķͷȥط˯ȴһ̣˯ĸоһɨգ
ǰİ˽˺һƤǸϤȴŵİ׶ʱ㸡Լǰ
ȿɵסˣ
ʹԼ۾ǲԼһɴ˫ۣĿַһַһ˿ȣŵ㡭ַ磿
ǰ
ַ³һڷԷθ¶Цݣһˣ
˵һ䣬ļеɣжȥһصİһ㣬Ķʱ
㡭
·ǰʵַ翴ãеַ˺üȦԼһѣȷԼΣЩѵ촽ɬ㡭û
ǵģûһˡ
һΣַ˵ĺƽǰŴŲϤвɵûů
ûŶϣ
һɼĹâ˵䣬ͻȻַ磬ת˷ܵܵȶĴߣһҡǵӣһߴǿ˭ˣ
ַ翴ĵ˷УתŴ˹ɲеѧԱĴ
ȶһҽʱԺ˯У岻ͷĿţȴͲôֺֽ࣬еĴ˵ıӡ


һٶʮ 
㡭ʲôֲȥѵҸϰڵһͷɢ˼ˡ
ȶԺһ䣬ͷĻ˻֡

ԼжûЧҧгһ䣬һ̣վǰ΢ЦžۿַͿһͻȻȶߴ󺰵ַˣ
䣬ܵĶٴκһ飬վһԡ
Ƭ̣һ̣ȶͻȻ絯һһ´ӴϵԴﻹסľȵַˣģ
ĴӴԼʵ۾Ҳһ䣺ڡأ
ַ翴֪Լٴȥˣסļ伤ŰȥȻӳһϤ³֮С
һ̣ȶסˣƵҲЩ΢΢΢ĻҡҷںĻУַҲЩ鴤㿪ˣңһͷ·̾Ϣһ㣺һˣû
ŶΰĹ񣡣
ԴɳƵϤȶʱоǰЩģƲסеļ´ַϰ죬һȥıסַ磬Ȼβסеķӿû̫ˣҾţұȶŵܵôԵ޹ʵأҾ֪϶û϶һֱڴ½ĳϣȵͷȥһǵģĻˣ
ǰҵĸ磬͸˵һҵȷһֱţڡˡ
ַĴűȶĺ󱳰οҲǸп
ʱҲַߣﻹһССİȻһЩԱģĸ˺˿ů΢Цȴֵı˷ܵ飬İݵַǰĿӵһֵܣＷһ֣
ַ΢΢Щ죬ƺ̫ĶȽӹڻ谵´Ӱ¶һпЩӲӵĽ֮ʱ˰뵽ǰݣɵһůҲ鲻ԽĹĻȡ
ЦһһߣһѾ§סԭصʼЩ㵣ʶַĶӵһ
ˣҲƲסмſ۰§һš
ӳȴִֿЦݵգĺҹ֮أȻ΢˵ȴøů
һҹעߣһҹ̸
һҹȶ·ȴ˰ѵʱµۣϰʱ䷢ȫַһҹַҲȥз֮£İѷԼϵ齲ԼˣȻСûԭ򣬻û͵ģַҲֻûѻˡ
ĪСϻ鷨ʦȦ֮УðнַĽΪ˻ŵգͱȶҲŽʰ׼ɫĽַ硣
͵ЦĴ֮£ʱʹĴЦ
ֱʱ֣һ͸ڵذϣһϯ̸ڽ
˷ܹ˲ҲеƣϰصĲпѵһСʱҪʼַĴߴ֮¸˱ӣһСʱľַ磬Ҳ˾ΥĴϣ۾ĸÿ춼ΪʰĴ̣ǣڹһ˿ܰ΢Ц
ַûżڤ״̬ϸϸĻһ飬ӵ۶żݣһֱ뵽ҹ
ͻȻԼֻǶ̶̵һʹӸ涼õ˲Сջ񣡣
ȾԼʵտеӵĴ⣬һͻƵļˮ׼ԼħʵսʿʵдȵߣϽ֮µһӲԼٹĻһҼ鷨ʦһԼʵνһԾˣ
Ľʶ񡢻õʥǿ߿ɪյһŵӰԼ⾪ϲͬ׶ʥʿµϢħ˵λѵˡһ棬Լǵõʵߣ
ЩջǰԼЩΣգ·Ͳʲôˣ
뵽ַϲɵ¶Ц⣬ϸϸƷζ֮˿ɫһ¾ϰѵʱ䣬ſԼڤ״̬֮С
ٵϰصĲпѵ׻Ǹʲôأ


 ԭ


һ 
ڶ峿۶һ𾪵ϢĳĳоĳҹﱻɱĻҲ˲̵ɱݵ۹ֺܿһλħʦһ˼ϵսʿħʦ£ݵ۹ɽȨ׷ĳĳо;޶ңųݻһʱ䣬۶ʱ㱬ը
ħ˵ڵһʱ͹ӦֿԣɱħʦĻħԲӲ
̶һҹʱȥħĳĳо֮İսʹ۶
ʽıѧԺУƽһըԵϢҲûдѧԺ
ѵϵѧԱĶĶһˣΪÿһУѧԱһ̶ųһЩ조ѧС壬Ȼǰһ¶һˣɵѧԱʼ۷׷ס
ַվڱȶߣȻ·ΧЩɻĿСۣɡ
ҹһҹַڻвɵҲЩҡʱȶ׼ѧڻȥ֮󣬾ͽַѾϢڼɢΪ֪ӺδҲֻ뵽ӣȻҲ뿴ôӣϾַѾˡʵڲ¼żжɹ绹֪ĺá
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ŮѧԱƺĿⲢûж⣬ַ֮ûµַ缸ۣܿͻջԼĿ⣬±ַ緢һ㡣
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һ磬ַĺ棬Ϊ֪ԼǷȱľ似ֻҪ似ѧãԼʵٶȵõɪոԼĺӲԼҲеļɡ
һÿνֻΪ֪ʶƩ硰ʵȵ£似û似Ĳ𡱣ֻߡ似Ļȵȡ
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˵䣬һĵͷ߳˿áС΢Цʱϣһ̣ͻȻһŹֵЦݣԼ°ͣսѶȣϲ

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ǣܾӣȴԵñ䡢顣
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ϴŵַһ¾סˣŷԵĺһ䣺ĸ˵ڮң
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˵ţŰڳһȻģ֣ضַַ磬ģҾͰѺڮǸһﾾ˵ַϲͬԣߣҾ࣡

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֪ʲô;˱ڮַԴͷС壬˽ͬʱιҩȻ㽫ѧԺũеȦ֮С֮Сƽһγˡζ
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ַһθӿǣۼַĽҪ̵ԼĶͷжʱһ
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һַ̣ƺڲ¶֮µȫʵֻƾļսʿٶȣθоЩӦˣ
д֮˷ӦʶȫӳһҪԴַһ
ջӳȥһͺǺڣ
ԼһΪ֮£Ȼٶȱ֮ǰƺҪһ֣ϣȴһΣ
뵽ԼϸͲַĶ֣εһ
ƺѾ˽ԼĳԷɣԼԷһлܣ
Լӵʵȴһͬûж˸һлܡ⽫Ǻεȵĳ裡


ʮ Ӯˣ
ףûʱ򣬾ļֻ֮һļսʿʹöͽսʿһлܣȴǴûгֹ飡
һ̣֮в԰Σһֱǿҵľʱ򣬱Լһʱ⳹׵ĸˣ·оԼ˺ݺݵһ٣
ַȻǿ¶ľϸһ˿ЦݣеĳͿҪѾεĳӴˣ
һ̣ʹı˫ۣѾҪɿеĳˣ
Ӵһ̣о˲Ծĵط
ַ翴׺ݵһȴ·ûʹκ
һ۾ǰһĻһ¾ԭأ
ַֻĳѾԼһӿ䵽˰֮УַӣȴҲųһһ߷ȥ
ֻͨһַȱ㵹˵ϣҲʱ򣬱׳ȥĳһ˵֮ϡ
һ˲䣬ԶѧԱǸߺε֣ΪӢϴӳһ㣡
̫˧ˣμֱ̫˧ˣ
ѾмŮѧԱԭصֿģ̲סҪϰڳ⼸ŮѧԱ̲סļĳ嶯ǰȥˣ
һжַ֮ܰʱ񣡣
ȶΪַ絣ģַ硰ɳȥһ̣͵һ£ȶ̲סҪǰȥȴϰһסżķֱʲôϰص˵һ仰ñȶ
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ַһ䣬ʹԶȺ֮УѧԱǵûжַʾοٴ˿֮УѾ˷ܵļ
ַһ仰ҲڻعԼַ磬˾еĳȻǲַͼ
Ϊʲôŵȥһ˿ɬ
ţҵѡ
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£βɵüͷҲ¶һ˿ŭɫķˣ𣿣
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εɫرӣüͷһ𣬵ڻǴӦַ磬˵䣬ѯַҿϡ˵㡭Ҳֻʮһꣿ
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ŶǺǣðɣַɫЩΣȻΪʲôͻȻ飬òԵĻشһ䡣
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̾һӵַסѧԺ󾭹෽֪ʵԣʱҾʶ˶ȻǱһҪţŵñӣ
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һ׼һ£ȴû뵽ѾӢţʱҵرϧʵ޷ı䣬ҲֻܰȻĻصĻߵѧԱǸͲҵĶ֣ҵҲͽǣһ쳤ѵʱҿ㣡ɵʮȦҵһȴģ˲ָֻյĻ
˵λȵ˫۽ַ磺ԡʱҾ׽һ£ȴϲϤ֮Ҳûٴ㡭ȻҾͿʼڲǰ°й۲㣬ҲӰĿ˽һЩϢ


ʮ 
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Ȼַ԰Ҳûж˽⣬ϲԼˣΪԼʹоַûһϧҲ˵ôһ
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΢΢˼һ£̾˿۲һ֮Ҿͷ൱أÿܼ㹫ֵʱ伫Ϊݣҡ
˵εжʱ㸡ŨŨɻ󣺡ҷȻ߳ѧԺ
ǵġ
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ε˵ͷ
Ҳ˵ҵļ˺ܴ顣
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γĬƬ̣ͻȻ峺ַ磬˵һ䣺ҵļȻԣһܰﵽġ
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ˣַҲЦһ£һϰأεֱѧԱķȥǹȥɣȻδӿɾ͵ȼˡ
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飿Ŷ찡ķ㲻ҪЦˣ
ε϶ʱ㸡һɫһЦȴЦĸоַɻ󿪿ڣ͸Ͻ˵һ䣺ҵãá
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ðɡַһȻˡ


ʮ ЦµӰ
ȻκͰõĹϵЩ⣬ַҲûʲôѧԺŮѧԱԺżҲѧԱҪһЩܽ뱣ѧԺҲ֮УѧԺ֮ôĿĵȻΪ˻ԾѧԺգϾСǿǺϲ޵ģһЩɫƽҲѧԺ֮ҵԼİ¡
ַֻλصʱ˵ɫЩΣΪһʤߣǵû¶ϲõЦݣһɬַǲ˼ԭΪ»ȴ벻ԼһֱΪ»Ȼ˵׸磡
Һϰؿַɫ죬˹ȥϰػûڣȶӭȥһߴַ絽ûˣһѯΪʲôΡ
Լͬһɻַ粢ûżڣűȶϰصͬһƧĵطŰԭί˽һ顣
ַĽͣŻȻĵͷһԵϰؿ˿ɫͻȻԴҰ˰֣ˣ͵ɡ
˵䣬ϰתͷַһۣûпڽֱӾͳԺŵķȥˡ
ʱ绹нӽһСʱʱ䣬ϰصǰɢѧԱǺһڣѾΧһȦǣεָ˷ܵĴߺͣʱ˺ܶѧԱǵ󻶺
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һεѺɵĴ˵һ䣬ʱΧ˵ĸͣǸ˵ĺϲ£죬ΨΪǵΣڨڨظЦ
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ûʲô˼㲻ҪˣǻȥòͰɣȶ΢ЦԴ̲סһ䣺ܲΪķ㾿Ǹأ

ַԵܿѧԺ˿αΪѧԱеĵһˣ˵ﶼǲмѾȥַ磬ͳǿвΪȻƾ衣
ߣҪǵַ绹ţһֵĳƺôǸεͷϣ
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Ҳᾭε˺ŻصᣬȻԡڱϿκθı䣬ƣȴĸѡˡ
εѱԽԽѧԺжεڮ٣Ȼα˲û˵ʲôЩȴҲ̲ȥͶЩڮεѧԱ˷ЩڮεѧԱȻóѾȥַ統ƣһʱ䣬εʱ˷˼ϡ
Ҳ˵Σַȴޱȵĵ͵ε飬˫ĵ˲ûвӽ棬һŬţҲûΪ̸ַУ˶ûзʲôһ㣬ĹԼ
ַ硢ȶˣڰŬַʱҲһд裬ֻ˼һȴַĶ֣ȻҲû˶ͷɥΪûӮַһΣǵУַҲΪȻ顭
ʱżȥۿһַ˵ѵʱڲѹȥѧϰһЩ似Ƿ֪ʶûĵطȴѧԺеġ¿áѧϰӦѧϰĶҲѧķ֮£ַˣȥ׼ȥݺݵķйһ١


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һʱ䣬ַȥ־ɭֵСвһΡҾСнɪոĺӲˡ硱ԡ
ںӲеȴַгԾСΪӲܳԼȫĵѾļˣʵϣַȴ֣꺮ʵĺӲܳܵ޾ȻԼ֮ܳܵ࣡
ʱַѾﵽļ۷壬ͻƵ弶սʿˮ׼ֻһˣ
似ѵѧϰѾ˲ؽʹüɣںӲܲЧҲѾ˽⡣
СнӲ֮󣬱ϰΧľʵһ¡
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ͬӲǻһ㣬ֻϵġļֵҪֹͣ˻裬ͷ·оر˷һ
ĴĴ֮£ַԽǻеĺӲԽᵽĸоͷ·ˮһڣ˿оƣ
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һÿľַĻ£ַǽ˷֮һҵͶ뵽УŻӶӲĴԽԽַ࣬ƺоԼڵѪȼ
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ΧһȦľַʱȻת˫ӲȻ棡
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ԲΧڷӣһеİ裬ǰŪõģĿģΪףѧڵĽ
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ֻǣĿĲǰݰ͹µħģҲһܲѩ״ȣǡ
һ߲֪ʲôʱѾժ£һžճǰ˿ЦЦƺۿ룬͸İƽһҰ
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ǡַȴǼݵģ
㡭ôˣַָŰ죺
ҵǺǡԼգЦһλƵַҡѽ


ʮ ǿ
ַüûлشݣһ䣺ô
ߣƺЩɻ㶵վԭ˼˰죬һȻģѾѾòѽ
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ǣĿԴŨŨɻ
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˵ĸַôճյ˺һְԼԴַĶߣιҼ޸òá
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ȶǰһ̻Ще飬ԼüŪۣо̻⣬ȻǰҲ㶼ˣҿңϽȥһ˰ɣүڣֿʦҲ̫Ϊҡ
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ַֻεָݺݵĳſڱһ£һֻٴƿԼϵİݣݣ˵
˵˵ʲôƺǲʲôһûַĻ¶һ˿㡭Ҫܾ𣿡

ַһ٣ϽǰһŰϣһݸݵǰ΢΢üȳԵɣ㵽׺˶پƣôӡ
ݽӹȴûżԣһĶŸϰ죬Ļش
Ŷ찡ַ̲ס̾һ֪൱ǰһ߶ȾˣɵøϽ׷ʵΪʲôôƣǲǳʲô飿
Ҹ˰ݷ˶иĹ۲죬һϣһֻ첲ַֹĲӣЦΪҽڰųªߣڿǱǿร
ǿ˵ʲôַ粻ɫĶݵĸ첲Щ̫װָʲô
Ȼʵѽ
һȻӾС죬ַɻ񣬲ôѵ㲻𣿡


ʮ ݰ˼
ַ統ȻţȻûͻƵ弶սʿˮ׼ۺʵһ𣬵һսʿٻ£ȫʢ״̬µ߼սʿֵ׶ȫˣ
ԣַͲŰݵʵԼǿݵĻҲȫȻ˾ƺַϻǳ΢ЦͬҵȻšǺȶˣһȥϢɡ
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ؼĳԣŻᷢʵı仯ӶɻɫתΪɫõʵ
ҪͲֻˣ
˼սʿ;żսʿڶɫϿʲôΪ붷ͬͬһֶ֮£˼żȫǸͬģͱϰҪֻǰ˼սʿĻӵмǿĹҲżĶƾУƵĶķ
ǣֻҪ˼ˮ׼ֻҪԷʵڰ˼֮£ɱԷֱ練ƣ
½ǧǧսʿ󲿷ȴΪٳ򲻵صĳԣӶ߼սʿһӣ
߼۷Ķɫ֮Ѿһ˿ɫȫ봿ɫİ˼ͲһΣ
Ҳ˵ҪΪսʿǿ̿ܳɹģҪһԣսʿˮ׼֮ҪżսʿֻҪǿԼԣ˵ʱ⣬ʥ򡭡һµĲˡ
Щ֪ʶַ綼ѧԺѧϰҲҪһսʿǶôĲס
ǣ˶೤ʱ䣿ҲŸʮѣǾοѧȥһѧڣ̶̵ĸ£ݾȻһļսʿֱӽΪ˰˼սʿôܽ˲Ծôַܽ粻ۣ

ݿַԾ͵Ц۾гµ״Ҳ֮һ𶶶ȥ硣
ַɿһݣôʵģҼǵĸ֮ǰļʵɣ
ǲǺ֪ѽ΢ӣֳַȥ֪ͱ
Űִչգַʶľ̲סһίʲôǱһ𣿺οԷǸŮƾʲôҪίԼ
ͨһ㣬ַһᣬס˶İݣŮ֫壬ɵһ
ʵѽҲܼ򵥵ģҪҴųª˵ַĻж˼£һƣȥҪҵſʼ˵𡭡
£ݱѹߵַϸһ£˵󣬲֪ƣˣǾƾͷ˯ݵСѽ׿Ĳ޷ʹٴȥҵڰ̻ʱ£̻ʱ²̽ļǿ֮󣬾ժߣȻҾ͸оڵǹʱĺú£ǽ̻ʱұ۾רĵͶ뵽ȥˣȻҾ͸оһɰԵҵ壬ڵǹѹסһ㣬޷ȻҾ˽̻ʱµڱµָ£ҾͿʼǹɷ
֮ͽΪ˼սʿˣַ΢Цһ䣬Żеİ˯ģһů̲סһͦı
һ̣ǳܰĸо
һС֮УŻеݳ޵ķԱߣŮ˵£밲ַһ̹
ʱԼ
ǣҲЩɻǵãҹ￭ɪոԼӲ·ϣݿǾܾش˹ߵ⣬Ϊʲô˵أôɵķΧ֮£ַ绹Ǻ⡣
ݸַܵĶ΢˼۾Ǿ̧࣬ͷַ磺ȻûаǹʱҾͷԼѾﵽ߼۷壬ǻȴʹ̻ʱרҪȻҾŻʹʼϸϸصԪء


ʮ ܾ
ַû˵΢Цϸš
Ҿ͸оȻ͸ܵڵĶһ˲ȫ֮ɻɫתΪ˰ɫȻʹĸоʧˡ
ƺһɵˣһƶһ£ַ磬ԴַϣŲӾַݣȻҾʹ˹ʱҾͿ˸׺ͺڰ̻ʱ¶һҲǸʱҾжôΣգҲԪأò˶Ҿͻᱬˡ
һƣͽ汩¶ַߵУƺûʶԼظһ˵ζʲô
ңֻһСƤףǣһСƤס˫壿
Ϊݺ˲پƣԭѩ׵ĲҲһ̺죬ַΪһˣʶľ˳ŰݵĲӣ͸ǰǵ϶濴˽ȥ
ôľ֮£ַܿķ⣡
һԷۺڰнɵĺַ֣֮вɵźѵûֶ𣡣
Ů㴫һ̣һɻհĸоӣ
ַϽȥԼľ̬ͬʱЦһжˡ
֪ʱҵʲô𣿡
ѯַһ䣬Դȥ㲻˫ץַϣԴιΪʲôأǲǺҰ
ôأǺǣ˵Һ֪ʱʲôǺǡַεЦȴ̲סС椣ҷﰡ
ûиоַ쳣Դַ磬ĵҵʱ룬ҵʱı᲻ȥĹǰҡ֮㻹᲻ǵһŮϲء
ɵϣôôأ
䣬ַ粻ɵ̾һһů⣬§˰ݣȴǱ۾
Ȼ뾡ʹ⣬ȴԸܻ˵⡣
ιѽݲһ䣺Ϊʲôܲأҵѵ𣿡
С椲ǹİɣ
ģͿʲô˵ģһӿǼˣ
ַһҧ˫ۣԼͣڰݵϣæ˵ȻҼŮ
ǡҼ޸òãĵӰݺ˫³ַ룬дĿ
ǣһַ̣ȴǿЦ
ϣַȷдӦݵĳ嶯ǣ֪ݿǹ壬Ƕ۹ѧԺԺʥǿߵŮ
ԺյĹݣԼ˽ܱô
˵УԼһƽ񣬶ҵ۹ǧû˵ĸŹŮ˻޸һƽ񣡣
ԼԸ޲ؿͬô
Ȼ۹ķɲûжԴĹ涨һԼŮ޸һƽ
޲ͬѰݼ޸ԼǿͻᱻЦ
ǰ޲ܹ֮Լ밲ݷìܲѵϱԣĿľΪܹðȼ֮ģıŮ޸Լǲܵ飡
ȻļãϾֻвʮ꣬ǷͲ죬СûвμӹκιĳϣûеõѬգͲζʲôͲףԼԶܣ
֮Զ԰ݵ̬һֱ䵭̶ܴҲΪԭ
ַȻ֪ݺ˲پƣ͸¶ǹ棬֪ڸԼЦһַ羡סԼ΢Цݣǲܵġ
һַ̣Ѿһ˳Ȼȥˣ㲻ǰӰ͵ƾƣԼͰݸҲûпܣ
ȻЩƶȣڻûıģ
ȻûнչĿԣǾͳʹʹչȥ
Ŭɣʵһˮƽҵ
ԼӱѧԺбҵݵߣҲͻԼˡ
뵽ַ㱧Űվȵ̫ˣһȥϢɡ
˵ţֳſȥǣݾһ˦ַ֣дַһ˵ǲһֱͺңң㵽ʲôһĵģ
ݣġַһۣ̾һҲ㡭
Ϊʲôܾңݴַ磬һƽȥһߴеǲҵʵ̫ǿԱУ


ʮ δ
ò˵һȷŮ磬ŮӴŻڼѧϰֽʵǣȼ֮ҪӣҪΪޣͬɷ¶¶ҲͰˣ˵һŮһлٳţӵйݵĴС㣬ֱһࡣ
ȻƽҵŮҲѧԺΪһսʿŮӻʵʵڼڳ֮ǰѧϰּĵ˼롣
ѧԺеŮѧԱ󲿷ҲǹŮ֮Խ뱣ѧԺҲֻΪ˻һȳ޵ʱҴЩŮҲƵļΪϸ񣬳Ͽ֮⣬ʱԼ֮нżʦѵ
ʣµһƽҵŮԽΪһ㣬ǱϾƽ񣬸ӵȫͬҲͲںô࣬ϾȺȽСҲûжʵرڵģܽ뱣ѧԺЩŮ˵Ҳֵýˡ
дսʿʵŮǷëǣ
ַѬ֮£ܶǸͽܲԼҪԼǿʵҲȥһʵԼҪǿŮΪӣУҲΪһЩƲѵԭ
ҺãΪټַ֮䣬顣
˵ַԱô
Ƿ񶨵ģ
ͨǰĽַѾ˽⵽֮ԽΪڵǹص˵ǽ˴ǣѾոɾԺҲûпԽõˣһжҪԼٶҲͻή
ԼڵٶȥȻҪʤƽȣң֮һ˸٣ò˶೤ʱ䣬һ׷ϰݵˮƽ
ңǰһַ˸Ůϰ壬Ụ̊Щ˱ȴ˶Ҫǿһֺƽ顣
˵ַûʲôԱģȻˡ
ǣַҲֻ̾һѰݵݣҪףһ壬ֻһƽ񡣡
ͣס˽Ųϸɻƺûַ˵ʲô
ַ̾Ϣһ֪ԴѣҲͲٽ⣬Ǳȥ̾һ䣺֮ǲܵġ
˻ſڽˣһǽҲʱ򣬷űһ϶ӷ϶֮У¶۾ڿȥ
Ϊʲôݲûзʲô쳣ӱ§סַ磬մյĶߡ
ַ˼Ҳȫ˰ϣſڵҲûκβʱ˰ݵĻѡ˳Ĭ
ݽַ粢ڣʵѵѾбˣ
ַʹ˵ͷðݶϲԼͷȻƭ˰ݣȴƭԼһ뵽һŮѶԼĺģһʹͬӰ֮£ַ绹ǻҡҡͷ
ȻԺģϣΨڸ飬ܹ鴴˵ȴζݲ
ݼַҡͷüɻϲˣ
£ŷе۾״
ַϽתŰεҡҡͷǡ
һ֮£ɻأͻȻǰһַ磬ѵ㲻𣿡

ˣ
һΣַ缸ûκԥҵȻˣ
Ǿ֤һ£ݽžƾһַԴԼС죬˲ʹȥĿ꣬Ȼַ촽
ַ⧲һʶľͺ
ʱŷε۾Ѿҵҡ
ꡪ
֪˭ȵһЦ˳һ̣Ȼһ´򿪣Ϳûվһ˵ϡȻһ𣬵ЦȻһֱ͵
˵ͻԭеսңٴ󵨣Ҳһ³е㶵վԭط·֪һôá
ǹǵĻ°ϽֽͣȥͿǸһﳯ߹ˡ
Σ
ַϾսƤܱȰŮҪϼͻָ˹תһ룬ε⣺ŶҲ㶼ҪУˡ
˵ţתͷȥ԰˵ݡһȥɡ
ҡعȻδѾƣĿŰˣƺǲΪʲô
ô⡭
ָŰˣһֻû˵ڣͱַǿϳᣬѽ
ַҲýʲôֻߵˣǻǻط̸ɡ
ʱҲʶаڣȷö˵ʲôҲ㶵ĵ˵ͷַ˳ȥ
ûַԶԶĿΣȻҲǿַߵİݣɵñЩŹ֣ķλǣ
ǡַ˵ʲôȴһסַĸ첲һδޡ


ڶʮ ٱǰĿ
δޣεɫһѿһ£ڨڨЦû뵽Ѿδˣֲûܾˡ
ǺǡַЦһϽתƻ⣺ΣҵѣȥҵһɣҰͻȥ̻֮㡣
˵䣬δַ͸ϽקŰݾ뿪ˡ
űӰԶȥһˣ̾һҡͷЦǸ粻㰡
ܿ죬ַͰѰͻᣬֵһǣڰ·ϾԺ˯˹ȥַҲһ԰ݾƺˡ
ֻԿţҪӰԿ׵ʱַνԼ˼빤ǿ׿ͷܿݵϵвλҵһȦ֮ڹٵ޶ֿʵ
ڴϰ˯ŵİݣַ翴ϰ죬ŻĶӣڰݺ촽һǣȻŵ߳䣬תȥ뿪˰ݵᡣ
ǣԼΨһݵ˰ɣ
ڻȥ·ϣַ羲Ļŷŷ顣뵽ݽžƾ࣬ɵûһЦǣ뵽ݸ߹ݣ̾Ϣ
ԭжڰģĶλҲһĵ
ڣַ絽ѡ˷
鱾Ͳóҵаɣ
ַֻ仰οԼ뵽Ҳǿне뷨ѹȥ
صԼǰȴεӰվǰǸλãûȥеȴԼвɵøоЩǷϽӿԼĽŲӭȥ
ΣҵѣôأַԶԶкһ
΢΢ЦЦϽַӭȥûϵҸǼѲ̫Ϥ룬ǻ˵ɡ
ðɣΣİɣûǱԵ顭ַһ£˼Ƭ̣¶ЦݣɣԺʱǾѧԺſͷɣʱߣһĵطʹĴһ
һΣҲʧġ¶ŵЦݣ˵䣬ַļ򣺡ȻȥˣǼ̸ɡ
˵ţͼҴҵ뿪ˣַҲûʲôһԣûʲôѹ
ַصʱȻⲻܵ˵һ١족ףǹϲ֪һʯĽָһĵݸַ磬ȶʹյַǰʲôʱ򽫰ȢؼվһһĽַ硭ֱַǿЦá
ʲô£
ַ統Ȼ°ĵ˵һƺȸԼһȻ;Ʊһ䣺ȣ
˷׷׾ٱأΪַкá
ַĬ˵Цϲһٴξٱȣȣ
ٴξٱӭϣַ洺硭
ַ粻˴ϢĻᣬһȣ
һȥ
ٺһַٴξٱ
¶ɫǸַȥ
Ǽȣַһ
һΣ̲סˣƣȰ
ַûᰢĻһɵ˱еľˮֻܳ˳ǣ¶һȥɫͷ͸ȥ
ò˵ʱַѾɹѰ˵Ĳʶһģϰߴͬ
ַ˼ʵҪ֮˳첻٣ȻٻϢǳеĹǣһƣȻȻҲȥûвʲôֿͷ
ֻǣ屭ˮ¶ǣַ綼Щܲˣƾ˲ͷ߲ɵÿʼѣ
屭ƣҲɹס˰˵֮ͣ󣬲ɷ˵ϵʳɨ
źţת֮Ѿϣڼ䣬һСξˮȵڣ˵ľԶûѾһͷԵ˴ϣﻹСУҡһܡܳɹ
ȶҲѾȵˣʱн׷󳾵ס
ĿǰķϣҲֻʣַͰһûһġ
ڼ䣬εַ߿࣬˵Լļҽ̶ôϸ񣬲жôĸߣ̸ִԼ룬㽵Ķַһ죬ڵ½ЩĴ˵½ϸط飬Ƕôõһ鰡
ַ˿Ѿоת˰仰ȻΪƾͷѹû˵ʲôʶһĵӰοлģԼ


ڶʮһ ֮ǰ
һϧĸоøд֮£ֱӴӸԺַʶһֱĵ˵ϰַʱ򣬲ɵøпǧҺûȻĻɾͳźһˡ
һ仰ַ絹ˣһů¶Цݣ˵һ䳡滰ܽѣеһ¡
˵䣬ַҡҡλεվһ°ȥ
ʱ򣬱ȶҲѾڴϺ˯ˡ
һַվҲվϽӭַߣܵ§סļ򣺡ˣһǷȥɣ
ַȷоϮҲͲ˾໥߳ȥ
ʱȻѾϣѧԱǻڷżףĿ֮УֻǵļϨ͵ƣ󲿷ֵᣬַ˵һʱ͸ţ洫һЦ֮
ַȻѾﶼֺгףǲɵøоһůģҲ֮һ˿΢Ц
ôһϲһ治İһţػ˵һ䡣
ַ粻ɵþЦˣϸʲôõĵģȥǾͱˣֱ˯ɣ
š·ôȣдһĵģ治úôడ
ⲻǸַӦһ䣺û£ģԺһٲֻᣡ
ţ˵ĶԣټһǾ͵ˡַļʾοȻозӿһûסۡ

ҿַ翴һأʶİĺ󱳣˵ңû°ɣ
û¡ֱ˰֣ûסۡ
ѽ治úôడַ粻ɵ÷ס˰ӣʼȰ˵ˡ
˲֪ôصᣬַѰڴϣǺ˱ӣָͱȶϱ֮󣬲˵˴ϣԴһţûͳ˯˹ȥ
Ϊַ籾ħʦڤܴ˯ߣԺܾöû˯ˣһκȵᵽ˯ߵĸо
һַ˯ĺ㣬εԼĻ񣬶ŮǣȻǰݣ˴ҸЦԣȡϿ޲صϲЦ֮£˹۵
ֻξվֻξַһʱξɵݸһЦǾ֮Ҫڵԭ򣬵˯ѵʱ򣬲ûиоͷʹѵĸоˣڴϺ˯
ַ翴һɫ̫Ҳ͸ո¶ͷϸϴˢһ顣
пռָԲûҪʰԼ̸ǵã˯еİ˺һ󣬲İ뿪ᡣ
߳ķţַһɣ̤ϻؼҵ·ˣò˶ãܼԼĸ׺ʦ˰ɣ
ÿһЩѾõ飬ܻἤַͣȻҲ⡣
ϿַһůħʦԼԼĸ׾£ǽԼΪͽܣԼȻȻҪǰѧԺʱȻ֮ǰֹͬΪԼĸ׷ģǰԼһĻԡ
˵ϿȻԼûκѪԵϵԼչˣȴҪԼ׿ɭǿϰ򱶣
뵽Լ֮¶ϿĸֳײַвɵκĵμϿͷһʱøǿˣ
Լĸȣȥ֪ĸ˼ԼٴأԼСû뿪ĸ׵ߣĸ׹ľأԶ˳ѹֵĺۡԼʦӦǲܵʲôίɣ
뵽ܼ֮ˣַ̲סһ󼤶
֪䣬ַѾߵԺſϡʱɫ磬ѧԱ˯ԺҲǺܶ࣬ͨԶŵ·Ե壬·ľͷѧԺ֮ǰεӰѾ
ϴŵݣվڴ֮ǰԵЩµַ粻Щ⣬Ͻӭǰȥ
ҵѣû뵽ô簡ַһȥһкһΪҪһȴ벻Ѿˡ
ûʲôҲáεƺЩįϵЦҲǿģǻһƧĵطɡ
ãߡַûע⵽εߵʱļ򣬾к߰ɡ


ڶʮ εͻ
ûлش𣬵ĸַ
ַ߳ԺĿȥƺѡһʵķѯεȴһֱԼ󣬲ɵת˹ȥǣһͷƺЩԾ
εԵЩ䣬ͷƺڿ顣
ַ绹ע⵽Ѫ˿һ϶û˯һ㣬ɵЦôˣΣһû˯ǲ뵽ҪؼˣԼһû˯ã
ֻһսʿھϸͱȲַ磬ۺ֮⣬ͨûʲôַ翴Ѫ˿ɵò¼ǲһ϶û˯ãҾܻңҪ̤ϻؼҵ·ַ˵˼ɣҲ֮С
ǺǣûʲôǻǿһطɡƺԸ˵ǿһ˿Цݡ
ַҲûж룬ͽӴβ࣬ÿ˵ԸҲͬӡ֮УξԸҲûʲô
ܿ죬ַ뿪Ϊĵ۶һƬ˵۶һƬ⣬һƬַҲϤǵֶغͱĵطͨ־ɭ֣ҲضҪ·
ַ㣬α֮󣬾ȥСвһЩѾռָռָ㹻Լһӵˡ
ƺȵЩȲһַͣסŲͿڵǿʼɣ
ַǰΪǼŻؼңҲûж˵ʲôʱͰڿ˼ơ
˶ֻд裬Ҳûȡνַ磬һȫʵɣ
£ε϶Ȼһɻɫ˲ַǰһȭͳַԴȥ
ַһϵĶͲСӣ¶Դһֱ۱㵲סһ
û뵽ȻͻƵļˮ׼ˣ
һ£ַ˾룬ﲻɵЩ˵һ䡣
Ȼϵֻһ⣬ַȴ֪֮θԼͬ꣬Լ֮ΪãûеԼͲôͻƵ弶
ݴﵽļԭΪսڵǹأ
һθԵʱԻսʿˮ׼Ź˶೤ʱ䣬˶ѵҲʲôɣǡѧԺǲ׼ѧԱԺģ
ѧԺÿѵϿʲô
ε츳ֱ̫ˣ
Ҳѧĩ⼸ͻƵģһһʧˡ
βûнͺܶ࣬˵䣬ֳַ첲˺һ㶷ϵĻŨҪϲ٣嵽ַǰӵԾһȭ
һȭٶȲǶ죬ŨŨĶȴ͹Գһӵжļӳ֣ʱٶȻҪ˲١
һȭַ粻Сӣ̾ε츳˲㿪εһȭɵһգ˲ڵ棡
أ
ǿҵĶͽһӣһµԾȭͷڵϵʱθУʱַαǲ棬һش
ֻֻǵд裬ַҲûдǰȥֹ֮ȥ
ƺҲʶԼһеʧܣҲķӶԸַ磬ͬһһ㣬Сÿһÿһٶȡ
һͻƵļٶȷԾԵӵ弶ʵַ磬Ȼٶٿ죬ַҲӦ
ò˵һıԣַ㲻ʹսʿʵҲɵĻΡ
˵ĲײҲ˲Ծĵط
֣ÿһԼַ綼ܺɵĵסַÿһιԼӦȴЩңңÿһϣԼƺһֱ·硣
ûͱַʮΣַ粢ûº֣ͲôˣҲѾʶԼˡ
ڣ־ײζȻַ룬Ȼַ飬ǸоеĵطЩʹɵɻʵѵ㲻ļսʿ𣿡
һ㣬ַҲûдɴĳϵҲٽżٵʱͻƵ弶ˮ׼
ֻҪʵ߼۷£ǶɫͶǻɫϸֲֻнܷ֮֡
ַôһȻû룬ҲòԾˣһַ˵ɫͱѿҲɵЩҰܡ
ַ翴ε飬оͲµ˼֣ɵǰοΣѾܳɫˡ


ڶʮ εľ
лл㰲οң˾ǲˣҲʲôڡεͷ̾һ˼Ƭ̧̣ͷַ磺Ҳûд䣬ǻǼɡ
˵䣬¶Īš
ַ粻ɵЩ⣬˵ⳡսûҪȥˣǿεģڳǿεӡ㲻Ȼɻ󣬵Ǻ˷ļƵȴεĽ
οַ粢һ˵֪ҵʵ㣬ԵıҲû˿ˡ
ַ΢΢üͷû˵ʲô˼
ҽʹóҵľУж򲻰㣬ҲķڷˡĦԼȭͷؿϵĶҲȫתȻΪŽһе״̬
ַ翴ģҲСĵԼרĵȴžеĽ١
βûż˼һ̣¶һ˿ʹ飬Ҳ΢΢ŤĶԼٶתȥ籼ڵĺˮϷӿϢ
ַ翴ϵĶЩƣ߶תǼӿ˶ģǣ϶תٶԽԽ죬Ϊĵ㣬ܱһĿȻַ磬ַʱҲоһɾ
ɾҲֻǴַͷ·ûоʲô쳣ʱҲڶˣ
ƺž޴ʹ࣬ǿʹַӳһȭ
ֻĶȴǼΪһսʿٶȶҪöַ࣬вɵЩɻѵһоεľô
ǣֻƾٶȣԼ½Ƕһ˿
ַ֮£ɵʶҪǣһ˲䣬ֵķ֣⻺һȭԼ㲻
һַ̣һֱĸоԽҪҵǰĹоԼ޴ɶ㣡ƺΧ˷λȭӰ
ַǳֵĸоַ粻ɵøеһܣǰǿʱȻɻ󣬲ѸٵķӦ˹
ۿεȭͷҪ£ַоһɾĵĸоƺҪԵĹ˼Ϊֲ
ԥַһֻ첲ǰ弶Ķ˲䶼ѹ첲ϣΪеĲڶ֮µϣѾһ΢ɼĵ
һ̣εȭͷʱַĸ첲ϣ
εȭͷַĸ첲Ӵһ̣ʱ·ֹһ㣬һ̣ûκζײĺȭϵĻҹⶸȻѹһ𣬻۳һתͣʵĵһ㣬˲͸ֱַϾѹĶ
ѹķʽϰ̱ĶͬѹĶ߱ǿҵıըԣѹһţķҲõ˺ܴɡ
ǣַĶҲǾѹģΪ弶ϱҪεĶһεѹȻ߱תԣǣҲֻתַ綷ȵһ룬ͻȻϵĵ꣬Ҳǰһһ
һ̣ɫһݣ˫һУԭַ綷еġͷȻը
ء
ȫʱ˾޴ˣ˵ƷɣȻĵȫĶһ±ըû˷Ʒɳȥʮײšͨһµ˵ϣҺ÷ĸ߶Ȳߣ֮ҲֻƺһҲǻһ˿Ѫ
ַ类ƷɳȥͷǰǹɱĸоʧȻһαըҲĵٶϾǱڵȼָ߳һҲûô˷ѣڵһʱöסȫصʱҲûܵʲô˺ֱеֻ첲ȴһ±ըʱƿԼĶ첲Ѫ죡
ַ·𲢲ں첲ϵ˿ڣʱεĹ˺ܴ𺳣
ȻҲôʹã
Ȼ֪ǿԿתģַӿ˶ģεʦֿƶķʽ֮Աǣַƿصı죬Ҳûڶ϶໨ʲô˼о
ǣ֮ԱǵȴȴǼַͨʽоת⹥ַвɵø̾Σȷһţ
ֻǣԲŸոսļˮ׼ڶʹԲ㣬Բˡꡱ굽һֹͣԵú󾢲󣬶ңҲ弶սʿĻͷųһУһķҲͲûжӿеܵ˺ˡ
ʵپһ㣬ﵽˮ׼ҲᱻıըƷɳȥӵ㹻ĶסԼֹʹõڶΣ
ֱַֻ۱ըѪģεһųĶܣǽ϶Ͳôˣ
Ҫһ㣬һȻ˲һֱĸоΪҪģҪַ㿪ǽĹͱúˡ


ڶʮ ϤĿ޺
һȴһȱ㣬ٶȻԷסܶԷȴַܷ磬ʱҪǷĻθûʲôֿһҲֻգ
ַ֪εĶ֮ԻΪԭŻԵüΪֻҪʵȥٶȷȱҲӭж⣡
ۺһֺڲ¶
뵽һеĿֲԣַ粻ɵЩ£ҪĿǰӲһеԼͲֱ۱Ѫģôˡ
ؼǡһΪʲôĸоأ
ˡ
εƽ˿κλ֮⣺Ǻǣû뵽Ҿóһлûܻ㡣
һкǿΣһţַòĳΣȥ꣬һоͲֺˣʱ򣬿Խɱ˶ʲô⡣
ллε¶һ˿Цݣ۵׻Ǹһ˿Ǹ⣺ǱǸһʹһûܿƺֱû°ɣ
ûʲô󰭣ò˶೤ʱָܻˡ
ųǿַָ粢˿ڵ⣬ȻʱûΪʲôֻǹһСĹֱϵʹͼ࣬Ѫĵ㡭˿ɲô׾ָܻõġ
ûϵؼҵ·Ҳûʲô飬ɡβ⣬Ϸ¶˽ɫǻǸϽص۶ɡ
ַ翴һɫ˵ͷȥɣһ̻ᱻ˸ˣ
΢΢Цһ£㲻ٶ˵˲Ӿͳ۶ķȥַҲŸ˹ȥ
ⷵصһ·ɲôڣҲܿ죬ַĸһЩ֮˵ʲôҲ͸ɴͣΪⲻ̻µٶҲΡ
ܿ죬˾ͻص˵۶ڣΪҪصѧԺȥӰҲڴθԷֱٷֱǰ˵һ䣺һ죬һģ
仰ַһ΢ЦҲûж˵ʲôǸţнʵȫǿе츳ͲиŬģԼֻãûôˣͲнԼ˸޷ȽϵģַһԿ϶ԼһֱôȥԶҲԼĶ֡
Լһֱȥַûʲôס
ȻڻеԼգԼʵһĲΣҪֻյٶȿ϶ͻ½ңԼͻƵ˰˼һǿḶ́ʱԼܲյͻƵȼһ˵顣
ԣַҲȷδǷлԼһ졣
δ飬˭֪أ
˵ıȻûĶʱ䣬·ȴ˲٣ʱ뿪ѧԺʱѾȥСʱңʱ䣬һҹѧԱӦҲ߳ԺţַһĻºһˡ
ΪԳѧԺȨַʱѾ۶ĵΣ۶ĸ̫йأմӶ䣬ʹڵ۶ƲȥճķƺԤʾŲ̫г䣬Զһ죬Ȩ۷֮֮ԽΪΪǾסڱǵԵʡ
ʹĶֱʿЭħܲħ۷壬ѧԺڵ۶ԶԤʾճÿ춼һµĿʼҲѧԺܲϵ
ַҪȥ̻ڵ۶ģڰ͢ʥܽһΪĵ۶󶼾סŹ壬Ȼȱֽͨߣ۶Ҳֻһ̻ᣬֻΪ˷ƽ·ڶֵꡱ
ַȥƬͨ־ɭ֣λڵ۶ʱַȻȥ뱣ѧԺ̻ġֵꡱźǣַ絽ʱȴ֪ΨһһҲѾ·ˡ
֮£ַֻλڵ۶ĵ̻ܲȥΪܲûٶȣ̻ܲԱ˵ʱһ
ܲܲͲǡֵꡱܱģܲҲѾ·˲٣ʱֻʣһЩϾͨѧԱҲûмǸȥ޺
ַ粢ںǮԴ˰ԼǱǮͿ׶ռָǱʣѧԺкѵԵʣַȥ۶ħȡԼÿǵнˮңΪ´ʦĹԼǳ粨ħܲһӱܸСԼɲ뱻ȺϼһﵱʵС
ں޼۸ȻڱѧԺżٵġæڡ˽һַȴҲû̸ܿ˼۸񣬺Ҳ˳
ַ׼ȥʱȴͻȻһмʵϤԶԶ˹һҵðɣֻʮһ꣬ΰ񸸣ˣ


ڶʮ Σ
ַһʱϽȥͿԼԶĹʥһȫɫϤӰһһߴһٶȳ˽ȥ
ССӰΰĹʥǰԵôСЩ˿ȥɵӿһᡣ
ַ翴ж˵ʹԸԼƬ̣ͽųʥǸӰ׷ȥ
ֻǣʥһ˾ܴģ
һ˵ǸӰոճ嵽⣬ͱʥʿӣһʥʿҲùǿӲԸڵԺ󣬾ͽȥͨˡ
ллллǣһ˵˸Ͻڴлеŵڣ
ַʱѾ׷Ȼֻ˵ıӰһ۾˳ϽǰΣǡ
ķȻعͷַ磺æ񸸾һȰɣͿˣ
ΣҪ侲ʲô飿
ַѾλеİʱİ˫ۣɫ԰ףıαڻУѾ˫۳죬Ǿɫ
ɫһ˵ʲôȴͻȻѾͬˣǿЩȥɡ
һַ磬šллһͷʥ˽ȥ
ַ翴Ҳһ׷һȥȴʥʥʿ
𾴵ʥʿ£Ҳȥɣܰʲôַ翴ѾʧڵڵΣɵż˵һ䡣
ʥʿ¶Ϊ֮ɫƺַֹ磬ʱŽȥͨʥʿѾ˳鼱еַ磬ʱ͸ϽΧϣˣ޶Ҳȥɣ
ǣʿˡ޶ʩһ񣬱ַóλá
ַû뵽ԼĿԽȥɵЩ⣬ϲ֮¸Ͻ˵лĻε·׷ȥ
Сֱ߾ͿҵˣǧҪͼҴ˽ƽ
ַæԶԶӦһͲ˵רĵεķ׷ȥ
ʥôɫĴʯ죬һʥȻƣϸϸ۲죬ܴЩϿһЩϸµĽɫƣ΢΢Źâһֹ϶صħһ㡣
ò˵͢ʥ޴ַڵһֱߵĵ·ʮ׿·ϣַ绹ܿ߻вٲ·ڣ·Ȼûбעֱ֣дŲͬʥʿַ֣Ͼûײ˼ҲֻĿۡ
ܿ죬ַͿεӰʱеİѾĵ̺ϣԱվһλ񸸱Ȼɢһɽ׵Ĺâ̺ϵİ֣Ķŵ̺ϵİ˿κи
ַŲ˹ȥǰһĻҲ֪˵ʱ򣬾ĬĬߵεߣһֻ첲ĺ󱳡
ûַ磬ŵ̺ϵİǵǵɫ
ַȻʲôǿһ۱ɫâֵİֿһ񸸵ı飬йâҲ֪˼ʲô
񸸲û˵ȴãֻƬ̹ջϰɫĹâοϽǰһȵΰ񸸣ҵ
ɫȻҡҡͷϾı飬㰲οҵʵҵ΢λԵƬ̣ȥ̴˹
˵ţ΢΢ǷһӣηӦѾһԵһ·ȥ
Σ侲һ£ʵǿһܾȻذġַȻûи׷ʲôʱȻǰοһ䡣
ǿ¶һ˿ЦݣַͶȥһм񣬾Ͷ˰ǰŰ԰׵
ַֻأ̾ϢһͲ˵ͬĿ˰ϡ
֪񸸵ǿҪְǽӴֹ壬Ž壬ΪǰʥʩչףħҲͷһЩͼħҲӵϵʵҪ񸸽˵⣬ǰ飬ûͿֱȥ̹ˡ
ϵĴ󲿷ħҪҲһƺǾǡħ
ȻˮϵħҲãǱڵĹħҪ࣬ҹħˮϵħһԣǾǡָ
ƣӿ˿ϣָܣǹħУ
ʵǿĺ´̣˵أ౻˴һֻҪһڣܰȻңԣΰĹ̻ʱ£ӵ
ֻǣ´̷ɢڴ½ϱƹŸĽ˰ʲô飬Ͳڵ۶ʥ֮С


ڶʮ ֮
̻ʣַһ˾Ķģ
ԣ̾ͳ˰Ψһϣ
ħþ൱ַһҽҩܵص˺Ҫҽҩָƣ
磬ĳ˳˳ҪҺƣ磬ֻҪһħܽκá
Ƽҽҩͬ
磬˲ҪҵӦҽʦǹʦ
Ҳ˵βȫǷֿģ
ҽʦβʦˣ
μȻѰ֤˰˲ˣǣַ翴˰죬ҲûдӰϿһ˿˿ڣвƣѵʲôص˲ɣڱѧԺôܵصأ
ܿ죬񸸵Ĵ֮£һ۵ְԱ˳ɫƣĿԼʮҵӣֻǰϵĽɫƺؿڼѫ±ʾ̵ݣǰȥ̴ˣһҵðɣ
ƺԸ˵δһĵƾ˰ǰ
Ĳ̽һ°ɫȻ۾дʣܿ죬ʹϷһŵɫİ׹˰ϣһ˲佫
֣ӶʱԵøʥһԹվڰԵ񸸼ˣͿʼʥף
εַضŰ̵Ķ˿иһʱ䣬֮Уʱ˽ŵգʥֽյףϰǲŵİɫâñͽŵձøȻ
ʱ佥ţ̷ǹɹâ𽥱䵭еףҲֹͣ
Ű̻վεһķ·ᵽɤһ㣬һֱַѾо־ӣνŵ˵ַĵ̾Ϣһڵ𾴵İ̴ˣôˣ
̻ת֮¶һ˿źƽ΢΢̾ϢܱǸѾعĻҾȲѾֹͣˡ
˵䣬񸸵˵ͷȻ뿪
ܣɫеľԣͻȻһ嵽ǰģôֹͣأģ
ٴʥףַ翴Ҳ̲סһ䣬ϲԼŮӣڿԼŮӣôô
ַ֮Ҳû뱯еΣǰӣһֻ첲εĺϣĴűʾο
ܣܰΪʲôεңѾˮǶôһŮӣôأһֱԶĸףǣý̤ϻؼҵ·˰ΪʲôΪʲôڲŴﰡΪʲôΪʲôû뵽
Σң׷ʲôΪʲô⸱ӣַ羡ԼƽͼתεıˣҲ˳Լɻ󣺡ҿûˣôˣ
γڱ֮ûַ磬ַ翴Ҳֻܱ͡
˺ѷεĿ޺ʱʥף񸸲֪ʲôʱҲȥĬĬĽһˡ
˺һֹͣ˿͵Űڿˣֻ⻹ǱȽϵͳʵʱͲ̫ãʱʱѣл³֪֡һֱû㣬Ȼϲ˵ô᲻˽أұȥһˣһۣҲһЩֻû뵽￴δޡ
ַ֪ٽͰݵҲãҲͲ˵ȥתƻΣôˣҼǵǰһڲмʱûб
ַ仰ȴǳĬӿһɸӵɫֻǹƬֿ̣ˣķҲ֪ʵȻȲңŮмɫġ
ַ֪˵ճ֮ʱȷŮѧԱеĵһˣ͸ϽӦһһ䣺츳ȷڡ
츳ôõ츳ʵȫΪǵʽͬεʼЩɬǼʽˣȻܽ٣ַʽȴΣգԼаٷ֮ʮļʷ쳣СһҲᷢ⣬û뵽ȴʱ˰ϡ


ڶʮ ิ
ʼʱһֻΪˣûⷽ濼ǣֻҹ͵غεɫޱʹࣺһֱûȻǷеġ쳣һֱûֱдصѧԺҲʶԲٶǡ
ǡ˵֡쳣ָʲô
ַ̾Ϣһʶľ˵仰ٷ֮ʮļʷ쳣쳣ָľǰɡ
γĬһ£³һ仰ǻԲѣȻ㵽ûкͻֹͣ
˵䣬̾һһͲģ
ε˿ɬҰܣ·һ
ַȴͻȻһ̲סʵ˵һ쳣ֹֻͣ壬ʲôˣ
ȻַΪʲôôʣ˼һ£ǵ˵ͷ
ַǰһϽ׷ʵңֹͣѾ೤ʱˣңоȣ
ַһ䣬͸һ˿ϲȴֻһƬãȻֹͣҲоô
ңж೤ʱˣַһεޱࡣ
μˣҲҼ񸸵ʱȷʱ
Ҳ˵ȥ̵һڣַֹͣ缱е׷ʵ
ûκԥ˵ͷ
ַһΣңǲǰֻҪָܻ
ܣο϶³֣󲹳ֻҪָ԰̴˵ʵ϶Ͼ棬ɸûʲôˣ
ַ˵ͷͬε˵֮ѯʳһ仰Ϊ°֡쳣ֹͣأεĿ϶Ҳȫġ
ˣΡȥ̴˹ַ̾˿а취ðָȻûжİգܵһԣ
οַģڿЦȻ㲻ΪʲôвһϲһϲϲûбʾϽӦַһͳȥǸ·ȥ
𾴵ʥʿ£롭
εӱַһŬصԼ״̬
ò˵컯Ūˣ뵽Ψһ취ܼ򵥣ûоȻһԼǣҲΨһİ취ڸֻҪܳɹǰ˵Ȼ
ǣĳʱ͵ܵҪ󶼼Ϊϸղ׼¸𲻵ʲôá
ңûĸҽ豸޷ֱ۵Ĺ۲찬ǷָȫҪַϸ۲죡
˵Ȼ֪־˵ķϾȫûо飬еĲƾһ˵տƣַ粻ɵøоѹأ
һҲûΪҲܵһЩӰ죬ַİոͲ
˼ԼľƽŽߵİַҧҧ˫ַ˰ؿϡ
Ƿı磬ʮһİزѾַհ˫ַȥʱ͸оһɵһæŬĻһҪĵҪ󣬽ڵĵԺãȻ۵ϡ
һ̣סһ͸ƣԺõĵ˰ڵλã
⣡
һ
ַæǰȥ̽
ȴַЩʧһεΪַûʲô飬ûʹָоеѹɵһ֡
ַ粢û˶˼Ƭ̣˫ڰؿڣ΢΢ӴһЩܵǿȣȻ˰壬λá
⣡
һΣΪӴ˵ǿȵԭ򣬰ӵϵ¾Ǻĵַ̺Ҳһ»ˤһµַָϽ̽һ°壬סԴڰؿھţһΣȴûеĳزɵٴһ֡
ŬųҪַٴΰ˫ַ˰ؿϡ
һԵĲ·ڣһ߽ĵȴ̵֪ͨʥʿһ߹۲ַĶڵ̺ϰһδεַ˫ƵİµȻַڸʲôֻܰΨһϣַϣѡ
ֻоʱļΪƽյһһ룬һ̣һһһ㣡
Ŭѹļ궯ֻڲ·ڼȴ


ڶʮ ˹
ʱŰٴεַָ꣬ϽԴյؿڣһδεʧоļͷ·ѹһʯһ㴭ĶͷϣѾһЩ顣
һΣַհѶ˰ؿڣһ΢Ĳһ̣˿΢Ĳ·˿ַжʱױȵϲЩѹƲסеɻϲʧ˷ܺгֻ֪ðָû꣡
ԣеѹû˶ٶ٣
΢ַæһλã˰Ĳ棬˲ͽ⿪˰·ļ¿ۣزܵѹַβ硣
Ȼַһֻס˰ıӣһֻֽ°һ촽˰ϣ
ûа취ûкûκҽƸ豸磬ַֻΪԭʼķ˹
Ů촽ַͷ˿˰ͣѹסͷŽԼȥǿ˽ȥ
ͬʱַ绹û˹۲찬ؿǷ𣬴֮󣬸Ͻɿסӵֻ֣Ȼְ˹Ĳѹؿڡ
ʱ·ϣ񸸵ӰѾε߷Χ֮У˵Ȼһ˿ɻ󣬲ֽԼΪʲô
ʱû˵뷨ڿ˵Ӱ֮㼱ек̴ˣһɣҵѾָˣ
ڵȻַ֪ǷѾɹһ仰ɻð̼ӿ˽µĲ
Ŷˣ˵ʲô˵Ѿָ˺ȥֱ̫˼ˣԸɻɫüëҲһȻεĻŻɵ̬ȡ
Ҳŵɫڰ̵ĺ棬ȴûпڡ
οɲܰ಻ţַûгɹҲԸŰѾָɵٴδߴһ䣺̴ˣǵģѾָˣ
һߣַظ˹Ķظ˼Σٴΰѹؿʱز䣬һ
Ȼַ˹֮ǰٶѾȰ̺񸸿Ҫߵ˲·ڼ䣬ڸо˰Զˣ
Űǿ׼һ˿΢壬ַһֱŵһ̣ŸоϽ˲ͷϵĺ顣
֪ڰȻԼŬ֮ѾΪΣյĽ׶Σܻδָ׼״̬ûкרҵҩʣµ飬̵ֻܿĹħˣ
ղŵʱַѾ˰̵ʱ̧ͷȥɿεĴ¿ٵĳԼ˹ɵһϲϽ𾴵İ̴ˣѾָͺЩȾɣ
ƺ̫ϲ˵ַҲֻĵ˵ͷɻɫǲŰѾָ˺ʵ
κͰ˽ַ߽æÿԼλã˺վһԡ
һȻΣ֮󣬱ӽԴ˰ıӼ䣬ڸܵ˿΢ĺ֮ԭĽͻ˿ϲϽվ̲ס˷̵ܳȷѾָˣѾˣһЩȾɣ
ˣҪż
̰οһ䣬˰֣̻óԼλãȴضŰ˿κηɡ
̶ӣһַֻڰǼ⣬̱о΢ĺʶȵġסһ
񸸿̵ĶϵɻʢɵתͷһѾ¶΢΢ЦݵַɫΡ
һ̣Ѿվ֮ͷһǰŵɫŨ׹⣬̺ϵİ
ʱҲѾŰ̵Ķʥף
һʱ䣬ʱ·ֵת֮ǰѾڵ̺֮ϣչɫ񸸺Ͱ̣Ȼظ֮ǰĶֻǰַϵĽŴʱѾ˲١
Ű̵ĹħȥҲֹͣʱ̺ϵİԭȱŵ촽ʱſʶķһ̡
һ̡ͽԭŵճ嵭˶ɵһ񸸺Ͱ̵Ҳ¶˾ϲɫθϲĻһͿƲסĳȥ
ַ磬˿֮¶˾ΥЦݣȴĺˣʧ˵ߵС
һ̵ϲã˰ɣ


ڶʮ ǣҵǸ
ϲеβûвַ뿪ǰǹǰڰβɵóױ侲һ̲ɵӯŰ御Ŀ˳
̺Ҳ¶οЦݣʱ򣬰Ƥһ£һ̻ıЩãȻƺо촽ϻ˿ĸоԴһ⣬ʶĿڵ硭İ
ˣ̫ˣӵס˰ӣ͵֪һˣķͰ̴˾㣡
ķһ䣬еãָһȦɵɻ󿪿ڵأ
ʶľͳַԭվλÿȥɵתͷȥʱȴʥ֮ѿտҲĻַİӰӣ

ʱַ˺֮Уޱ֯ĳ¶΢ЦеƤ˦ƥ֮ϵ֮УϷʻȥ
ԭֻɱˣڹؼʱһ
ַвɵǸп


һ峿̫δʱϷƽԭϵĳС򣬻ʻһ
Сλƽԭģǵ۹ɭ˺ϼңҲ˼ķԴأ˼ĳǱλƽԭ϶ˣǱפ˼˽˼λϼҵģȴСϡ
ͣСϣϱһɫħ۵ꡣ
ժͷϵħñϸĴ⻷۵׸һ˿Уһڵ˰
ʮĳ;ַڻصСϣڴ͸һö֮ûżصּǸסǽϵߣֱСмȥ
ص磬ͲҪٽαװˣ
ڸո峿Եʣܶ˻ûд˯ѹСԵ壬̷ȴʱмϣײˣ̰ڣΪ׬ȡһЩǮҺڡ
ַмϣֲɹ˲Ǻܶ࣬Ĳɹʳ߲ˣһֱǵãΪάʳʣԼĸÿ춼ǰмһˣʱ仹磬ԼɹһЩȥͲĸһˡ
ȻԿһӣһħ̷ۣǲɵòСӣɹƽ񣬿ַӰϽԶԶ㿪Լðħʦɱ֮
һ㣬ַȻҲȻЩЦãɹĶûֹͣ
ǰмʳﶼɹһ飬ִ󷽣̷ȻЩη壬Ҳ̲ס̾СħʦֻҪ˫ָɹʳͻʧв棬ԼĺҲܳһλħʦԼ
ַ粢ûмයɹʳ뿪طֻǣ߲֮󣬾һܼҴıӰĬãԸɻﻹСӺͦϤ
Ҳֻɻһ䣬㱻ߵС˼ϣˣҽղժ߲ˣҪҪһЩ
ŶϹܼϣתӣԵһ˰˰֣ȥһЩɡ
ԵӦһ㳯üЦտ̷ȥϹܼϣĿ⣬ַǸԽԽԶħʦıӰϡ

ʱ̫ѾӶðͷҲһů⣬СƫƧһСľУʱ򣬴һľ߳һòĸˣ˲Ǳˣַĸȡ
ͷһɫֱӴӼªڸϳһ׵Ȼףʰĸɾ࣬忴ȥҲԵġ
ȵɫһǰԸƲ٣ֻлǲŵ
Դַ֮ǰ뿪ͷʱÿ϶μַ磬ԼһʮһĶȻ뿪ԼǼʱеӦ
ĳһգεַ类һȺ׷ɱһС֮Уеַĺʹ˯оѹ
һҹֱ¼ˣַĺֱĶһأеǰδеľʱΨһİģ¾ֻϿһˡԥҵϿԼεһ飬Ͽϵº͵Ц⣬οһ䣺ȣ˼Сһˣұ֤ûµġ
õϿİοȵƺ˺ܶ࣬ϿΪȷģڵڶʱ򣬵ȴϲɹͽеһŽУֺǺǵ˵ǽҸոսյżħܲϯдַ̾츳İɣСһںܺãڹϯָ£ʵڷš


ʮ ĸ
ɫ㲵ȣȲĴżżνħϯױʡġӡ¡ɵϲŵģҲ
ڴ֮ÿһʱ䣬ϿݸԵ۶ħܲһżÿżϹϯַ̾磬һģҲƽ
ֻǣÿڿż֮󣬶Լӵ˼ȴּһ֡
ԶҲ֪ЩνĹϯױţֻϿΪ֮ǰǸĻԶŬˡ
ȻһӾյһţȴûмȶַ˼ʱԽԽҲԽԽ
ǰʱյһԵ۶ħĹϯţϣϯһʱھͻַһμ磬ȿŵʱͼĸ¡ӽµĵȴλĸ׿һ˿ϣ
ֻȴֻ֪Ͽ˱ѧԺķżʱ䡣
ļ죬ȴУһ棬ԼĶճ֣һ棬ȴֵַԼ·⣬ħĹθ¡
Ͽĵİοַһ£Ȼ̲ס
ֻһλͨĸףҲϣԼĶзɻڴһ죬ϣȴַԶƽƽȥЩ
죬һʰһУϾ׼ǰмɹʳڵַ⼸ͻȻ⼸ÿղɹʳ󲿷ֶַƽϲԵģֻǣ˻ƻ裬ȴҲûܼǸԼεӰ
죬һ֮󣬾ʶĳ·ڿȥûгǸӰӣѾЩɵһϰߡ
Ѿǰ׼˽ҪӭǹʧУǣֻǿһۣʹסˣĶҲͣ
ĵ·ϣͨϵıؾ·ϣһССӰ·ľͷӰĲ߽ѾһħʦĴ磬һ£̲סЩ
ַô
̲סرΡ
ͷǸӰƺҲע⵽ԶϵȣʶĴһ£һ̣Ȼժͷħñر𼤶һ㣬ٳϵȳ˹ȥһܣһ̲סĸףһˣ
ѾõжʱƲסԼæǣӭǰȥ˿̵˫ȾǹǦһ㣬Ҳ߲ˡ
ַȻûʹöٶȴǼ죬ûöѾȵߣԼĸױиˣַ粻ɵһᣬæӵסȡ
ӣҵĺӣĸڼˣȸַԴ¶˾ΥЦݣΪ۽Ѿһˮεַͷϣʦ˵ܻǵˣ
ĸף㵣ˡַ̧ͷһֲֻȥϵۣһ仰һʦʱô
ϿַбΣʱȵĻ֪ϿһֱڰԼοԼĸףɵӿһů⣬һ̣·øŨ
ʦܺãҲǳ㡣ӵסַ磬ֻһΣԼһַͻʧԼǰ
ȵ仰ַвŷȵĺ󱳣ˣĸףǿȥɣûмʦҲǳ
ɿַ磬ȴץַ˫磬΢Цַ磬ȻȥʦɣҪȥмɹʳٵһ¾򲻵ʵʳˡ
ˣĸףڻ֮ǰѾȥмɹˣ˵ţַȲԼæӿռָȡһݲɹõʳݵǰĸףԵġۺ󡯡ϹϡʦϲԵġΡкߵġë
ַױһĽɹʳһһȡϲ֮вɵôŨŨжһμԼ˼ĺĶӣȻǲԸȥмɹַ»
֮ĸһһصϿǼľǰ
ȸϲǰַϢϿַ˿ȴһæסȵͣɻĸףַ˵ĸףȰϻɣħĹϯпӴʦ
仰ɻʱɢЦһЦͲ˵ת򷽲Ÿϳȥȥ
ַ֧֮ԼĸȻʲôûеĿţҪжϿڲ֪Լʦ
һ·õĵǸĻ˴˿̣쳣Կڣƺ˵ʲôоܲʡ
ھ˺׷ɱԼǼַ֮вŽѧԺƽʱ䣬ůůô࣬ɵҲԭѹֵĺµĸƽ
ǣȻԿڣԼʦҪԵġ
ǣַ˼ߵϿǰԥ֮Žַ˼¡


ʮһ Ͽĳ
ˡ
⼸ַбø
ŶʲôôܿʹϿ
ַȴֲ֪ԼοˣڵϿûȻشȻֵġסһ
ַзɿ˼Ÿ˵ʲôʱϿķȴ֨ѽһˡ
һɫħۣŵĻҳѩ׵ĺҲһЩ۹ϵ˫ڿַĵһŶСһԭˣ
ǰʦһˡַڨڨЦЦȴֲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
Ͽַ쳣۵ײɵøһ˿ȣȴЦţһַֻԴСһϽɣĸЩǵˣ
˵ţתȥñӰַ磬ʱַ绺˲ѹ֡
ˣղ˺ܾã֪ѾϲɹʳĸѾȥˡ
һ˵ţַһ˽ȥϿϵ༣ַ̲סȥһ촽ţ˵еһ仰ʦллʱһֱҰοĸף治֪
Ŷӽʱѧ˲ٶϿƺԸЩĻתַԴοһ䡣
ǰַϿ⣬ԼǾ仰΢΢˵ͷ
ʱѾ˳һַɹʳ˷ܵ飺ˣַĻȥʳ
Ͽ΢Ц˵ͷĵַ˵һ仰Ȼһֱƭĸף㿴һμжã
ʦĺܸлַЩֹǰң̫ˡ
Сˣַ磬Ӧø˵˵ʱľˡϿַ˰֣ǰ˴ӣǧҪңѾħˣ
ôأַ粻ɵЦˣϿߴ٣һħϣһ֣һļħߡַĿƿʼƿصķΧ֮Ȧ
˼Ȧַ絥һָ߱һ´ţĲƺϣ˿˿𻨲ըַĿ֮£ԪزϨ
һļħħġ𱬡ֻֻһ㣬ֱֻܽߺߵĹûл߲ٿ߾൱һǿ𱬣ħʦĿ֮£ҲıըңļħȻҲħܱģַûƻԪɢǵϵĲƺͲֻǱսһôˡ
𱬱ըʻǲͬġ
ʱڷæ⿵Ҳ˻ߵıըȻǶȿַӰϿûκζ֪϶ַͷŵˣвɵһ󽾰ַħĹϯѧϰǶôǵһѡˡ
Ͽַħ۵׶ʱ͸һϲɵ̾ħʵȻͻƵļˣ
ǰϿϵЦݣַ粻ɵҲЦˣħʵͻƵļսʿʵҲѾͻļ
£ַϾ͸˻ɫĶϿе𾪣΢Цſʼӵ뿪ʱĸϿԼľ
ȻΪϿģ׷ɱ鷨ʦ˹ڿ׶Ǽַ綼û˵ڣֻǸϿԼѧԺƽύʲô飬ѧʲô
Ͽ֮΢΢˵˳Ĭ֮Уַ粻ɵЩ֣ɻôˣҵʦ
Ŷ˼һ顣Ͽüͷ˵ϵħֲܿ˵ʱ򣬽֮оȻƻħ֣
ҲȷǲΪںϵƻġַ΢΢˼һ£Ϊʱͷ𱬺ħֲûʲô쳣ķӦҴ߳ʱ򣬱һеǸطһ
šϿ˵ͷ˼Ƭַ̣֣ɣٰյںϵİ취ͷһ顣
˵ţϿһ䣬İ˰֣ͱһͼķħȻ룬дʣȻͷһ߼ħһͼħϣ͹ԳһͨĶ״ħֻһ£ħȥˡ
߼ħΪһܡһķħ˾з֮⣬͡ʡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪӵһ״̬˹һֹͻԻƷǷ񷴵ȫħͷ߲ٿأ˵ַ繥ϿϿѡһַܷĹҲѡ񲻷


ʮ оħ
Ͽʹóħ϶Ϊ˷ַĹʹһܡ
һڰ˼ħԵһʥ֮µκι˵һħֻܵһιһιһܾͻɢҽʥ֮µĹܵʥ֮ϵĹͲһܿԵֿ˵ˡ
ħȻʱ̬ľΪ˼ħʦϿȫľҲֻͷΣȻǰζַںħҲûжٵףһħɾõѡ
ˣСһĵĹҰɣϿַ֡
ַȻĿǰֻ弶ľħȻҲϵõģϿͷųħбһС𱬾ͳǰĲԶ
ַڵħʵͷһ򵥵ħܳͷ֮Сעŵעĵﵽ˱͵״̬ſϿﲻϾ䣺ʦСĵ㣬Ҫˣ
ɣϿӦһ
ַ˿һӣǰں˵ͳϿȥ
ϿɫģۼԼϣͿһ͹Գ
һ˲䣬һܶȻŴ󣬴ħиֶûΪ̬סַ𱬣ֻءһ𱬶Ȼը
ǣһܲûΪըʧɱž޴ģϿǰ
Ͽɵɻüͷ˵һܵܣֻҪһι֮󣬾ͻɢͲǰ
ϿҲԸоһȻûɢԼȴûˣ
Ҳ˵һѾϿĿƣ
ϸĹ۲һ£ȴʱһܱеǿطȻһ˿⣬һ̣΢žеطƿһϸ΢ȱڣûϿӦʱһܱһ¾ɢ֮䡭
ȻֵĶݣȻϿ׽ˣʶľһ¡
ַȻҲ󣬱Ϊħֵ𲢲ΪԼںħ˿Ҳҡ
ǣַֻƬ̣вɻļ˾䣺ܣ
Ȼ뵽ںħԼҲŵзѵʩչЧֻǻ˵еĵҲ϶ѣǰֵô̬
СһԽںϽħҪʹ𱬣ЧϿѾع˼Ƭ֮󣬾ֱӷԸַһ䡣
˵ţٴһܵħһħϣһٶȸһ£û
ֻǣͷһܣϿɵøоЩƣǳַ֣ɡ
ַ˵ͷеٵͷųһСȻ󽫵ȥ֮󣬾ͳϿ˹ȥ
ͬڻϿһ˲䣬һܶȻסַĹһΣȻ˵ϣһ֮󣬰һ˿ûʲôӦһһҲɢ֮䡣
ַ粻ɵϿ˼ɫ
šƬ֮Ͽ΢΢ͷһ߻һߵιҵĸܶͬһεҸоһɾĵʲôһ㣬ڶεĻȴҸеƽ档
ַԼҲˣ˵ЩʲôʱϿѾӿռָȡڲ״͸ӰϣַһۣƳĸָħֲʵĲϣȻҲܳܰ˼µħֱںħħԡ
ַ˵ͷһѹסе뷨æͷһںϵС򳯵һħȥСķɣһ֮һħ˿İǰ
ַûж˵ʲôͷų𱬣Ҽдŵڶħȥءһ𱬵ıըƬ̼ž󣬹Ȼֳһ˿⣬ڶħŵ֣ƿһ
Ͽɵüʾַͷŵħ
ַ˵ͷ˼Ƭ̣ڰļħ߶ΪħΪ⼸εʵ飬ƺץסһ˿У𱬵汾ħĻӦþܷеܡ
ԥַ֮Ż߳ħȥ
š⡱һ߱ըɽĻĴ䣬ַĿ֮»ɢ֮䣬ûжκ𻵡
ֵǣ߱ը˲䣬еĵҲֳ˵⣬ȱըĻ𽥵ȥǰĵħͬһһ˿
һΣϿҲüͷ


ʮ ַ
˵С𱬣ǵûƿħԭĻΪļħĻûƿħ徿Ϊʲô
Ͽ̲ס룬ϵĻħŻֱļħߵЧ֮󣬲ɵֽͷɨȥ
ʱַвҲɻ
ħֲħ𻵣ַ粢ûзϣҲû뵽𻵵ĸԭΪԼ𱬣ϸսʱûгʲô쳣֮ȻҲⷽ룬ֻǣϿ飬ʵҲַ緢ܡ
ֻǣ˻ߵʵ飬Ծų֮ԲЧΪħȼߵԵʣôܾʲôأ
ַܾؼĵطԼԹȥˣɵϸϸĻšϿǿ鱻𱬻Ƶħ岻Ҳ˼֮С
һʱ䣬оĽȱֹͣ
Ѿˣ˺ַȳòͰɣ⴫˷ܵеĳĬ
Ͽʱеħ壬кַ߰ɣСһ֮ٻоǻЩʱ䣬ܲܽ뿪ɣ
õġ
ַ˵ͷӻлָ̾˿Ͽȥ
˳ʱѾһ⿺õζİڷϣȿ˳æ΢ЦϿǰַ磺ˣЩʳȫַϴмģ
ŶϿɨһϵζкüʳﶼԼϲԵģɵЩĿַ磺Сһˡ
ַ΢΢ЦЦ˵ܿ죬ȶһʳ֮˷׷׾
һΣַ粢û𵶲棬ǶϿȵʦĸףȳ԰ɡ
ԴĵĸȥַжһЩ鶼θУһλĵһٷһǰһ飬ɵøоЩơ
ַĻһϲϿ΢΢Щ⣬˶ʶһ£ƺַĸı仹Щ̫Ӧ
Բ𣬹ȥ̫ˡַһ仰˵ĺȻҲ¶΢ЦԴҳȥ֮еĸˣҡ
ˣǺǣһһԣϿַĻһ˿οЩ԰ɣ˿ɾͲóˡ
ַ粻ɵЦˣԼͲ˵ôĻֻҪԼı䣬Լĸ׺ʦȻͿϿδδԼǸַҲӿů
ֻòŵǸɣҲֻ飬ǿ˺һָɣ
һٷԵĸ֮ܰãȶԼĶӸ˼ͣѯַϯѧϰַġ֮Уλͨĸ۵¶ŨŨԺַ翴ȸˣǽ˱ڹСħʦҽԼ˵Ĺϵơ
ַһһŰ˰Щ飬۽˼ˮµľַСԼں˹ƧѹֵԸ񣬵ַ罻֪ĵ֮󣬲ɵñסַҵĺӣҲˣ
ַһ߰οԼĸףһ߶ϿͶȥ˸мɫϿֺǺǵЦţǹûַмһ㣬Դ£ʱĳԵĶΡ
ַȰ˺һŰȵˮȰ˻ȥٷԵַʲôһ´ӿռָȡһѶ˲ƺϡ
У͸ȵиΡе;µƷ͸ϿһϣммĲϣȫĶȫַҵʱڵ۶ڲɹģֻһ鼤ʱŸ
ȱϾŮˣȻҲǺܰ磬ֻȥΪܽʡ֧ȥŻᴩżªһЩԼùʱ򣬽СҲѺϹܼϣΪľǻһڷ
˿̣ԼĶӸԼôŮ˵Ķɵٴϲ
ϿҲϵʱ򣬷ǼĲϣַ̾һ
ĸȺϿĶַбܰͻȻһοȼ󣬱ϿߣһصʦЩ֮⣬һһصħޣһϲġ
ʲôħޣϿһħĸ֣ʱ˾񣬿ǣۣûרסħ޵ɵɫѿĶַ磺Сһѵħֱڿռָˣ


ʮ ؼ
ǵģʦҪħ޺֣ҪҲҪȣֻҪάһۻĶַܴȻҲ׿ռָڲܴϿɫɵøϽ󣬻˵˵ϿθڣʦԵһȻȥ㡣
ΪλõԵʣ˵ţƤĶϿգգۣȻȵԣȿʼһһĴƷ
ϿҸһĸεҡҡͷˬʵЦЦԼĺӣֽƺϵս˿ռָתԼȥˡ
ַ粢ûϿȴãڰȴ˼֮󣬾ϿķС
ʱһԡ׵֮ʢһֻȻûйעˮӴ塱ĵɵûžĵ⣬ƺͼݻûмĶ
ϿһɻĶĵַ޹վԱߡ
ԭʦҲûмħްַЩʧ̾˿ԭΪԼʶħΪûпħ޵ϣǵϿ϶ܽгħ޵֣ȴ벻һϿûм
ϿüͷַһۣǴĸЯħޣϸоǿĵ
ҡ
ַ粻ɵЩȻһ£Ͽһ⣺ʦ֪֪ڵ۶Ķһ־ɭ֣
ѵɭǸС﷢ħޣϿȻŹڿ־ɭֵ飬һ¾˵ص㣬˵Ҳʶ˲ԵĵطȥǸΣյС
ҵȷȥַסϿЦǵ˵ͷƲ֮±һѣʵҷħҲֻɺϡԭ֪ǸСôΣգҵ۶ʱѾϣ·Ǹɭֿ峺ĺˮҾ̲סȥϴһ裬ȻҾͷħޣΪͬӵеħ޲ûжҹԺ˹ǸСĴ˵ڻ¡
ǣ뵽ĻȻ©ٳϿɫһԵĹ۲죬ַ磺Сһ˵ѣ֪ͨ۶ĵ·ᾭǸɭ֣
ðɣʦһὫʵģǧҪҵĸס
ַȥˣ̾һڿϿص˵ͷ֮󣬲Ž׷ɱԼԭԭĽϿ
Ҳ֪ΪʲôһǸСΪܿƵԵʰɣַ˵󣬲һ䣺һҲʶԼܶĲ㣬֮ʹ˼ʹҲŽ侲
Сһʵ̫嶯ˣϿ̾ϢһĬƬ֮󣬲û϶ַָ磬ĳ˵㲻֪Ҳ㽲һϣĸױجξѣμ㱻һȺ׷ɱһС
仰ַһԴһգһĪԭĸһ仰ô
ˣСһֻʲô֮ǰȿһĸסϿοԵַԴȻһΪĸֻع鲻ҪżҪ֪ÿ嶼һҳϵв֣οһ㲻ҪɥһʵΪʦȻҲȥģ
˵䣬ϿȻ뵽ʲôϵıЩ죬̲ס̾˿૵ֻǲ֪ܻܲǸʱ򰡣
һ̾ϢַеʢϿȻҲʶԼʧ̬æתƻ⣺СһˣҪ˵֡оһ£Ҵְɣ
ַ˵ͷҲܿԼε⣬ȴиԼʦһһģһԶĺúûȥģ
ֻɸ˵ԼɵַȻʱϿһ߹۲ĵһ߷ԸַСһȥڴߵġС
ַӦһҡҡͷѹ˼ѹ£ϽϿĴȥ
˵Уʵ൱һ͵ġӡһߣһƳĶҪкͻʿ˫֡
ܿ죬ַͽȡ˹ҵݸϿмͻȻҲûж࿼ʲôϿ׼ĵϼȥʱ򣬸Ͻֹʦȵȣ
ôˣϿɵֵĻعͷ
ʦǱǸǰһֻ˸㽲ǻᵼģַæϿеУŷ͵Ҳ˵ͨʵߣϣҪֱӸӴĻʹһ־ԵĹߣ
ŶԵĹߣϿûиԵǸʲô˼
뵽ˣ
ַϿ͵ʱͻȻǰһ˵ĶϿʦ뵽˹ڵں𱬵ǼĹؼˣ


ʮ ħ
ŶСһ˵һ˵ԣ𱬶ϿȻҪڵһַ罫תƵϣϿͶԵʱʧȥȤ
ţġ
ַٵһ˼ŶϿ˵ʦղҲˣ׷ɱ֮ǰʱһļսʿʱļսʿҪɱңȴҸɱˣļǵãʱҲںϽвҹĳϣĳû˶ħһƿһȱڣ
Сһ˵ϿַһƺҲץסʲô
ַ緽еĵͳʱϲһѹס飬ȻŻ˵ҵ˼ǣںϵ֮𱬣ֻħħ߲ã
˵ţҪӡ֤Լ뷨ַæܳ⣬ев˲ƺ֮УֻصڣϿʦţٴͷһںϵ𱬣ĿǵϵУ
ϿַĻæ˵ͷϽַߣһ̣ľȫ˲еǸ档
ַ粻ԥһǰͳһС𱬣ע֮һӣںϵ𱬱зȥ
ء
֮ͱըĽͬʱһ˿ۺѷֵĵͨд˵ϡ
ڱըַæܳȥ˻ϱըµȥݸϿ
ȻѾըЩΣȴûħһֱӱԵƿһӣϿĿ˺һŴ³һ仰ں˵𱬡Ǿħ԰
ȻħȻֻһƷֲϱӵдħʦʵϵ˼ӳ֣ҲһħߣΪ⣬ܴܳħȴҲһȱ㡪ǲܳ
ֻҪһӵжļսʿɵĽħ飬ԣħȻ۸߰Ҳûħʦߡ
ַںϵ𱬣ƻħãϿַоҲûΪʲôħԣҲûиΪʲôںϱħûħãֻܲ²𱬡̳һٱйء
ڣϿǳڴַܵżħʦˮ׼ΪڻһżħʦǳҲǾС̳һٱԣֻҪַۺħʵﵽ˾żáǳĻ¾ӡ֤²Ƿˡ
ҪżǿɲһһϦܴﵽġ
ַͻȻϴԼ֮ǰϿо飬һȴûз֣ɵ˳ϿʱĬȻַ˷⣬һƬĵط֮һУӿռָųһȻ
ȻĿ֮ʮ׳ַ羪֮æȥ鿴һ£ͷĲϲʲôĶͨȻϿĽ֮£ַϿķ
һǻ
ַ羪ȵķ̨֣Ҳǰǰ̨ģͣһ̨ȼϹϵͳˮϵͳϵͳȴϵͳϵͳһһȫֻЩϵͳ㲿ֲޱȣͳһ˵ҲһʧܵĲƷ
ǣϿʾ٣Ҳֻ˰ѣ첻־ܵķҲַĵ飬һ·ӡ
ƽõʱǹĺܿ죬ת֮䣬͵ĩҲǵ۹ÿһȵգÿһ죬ҼһͻŵƽʣףյͬʱҲճɡ
ַ˼վ൱ڡꡱÿ굱еһ죬ޱȵ䣬ǰһÿÿ궼һ˴ڳⷿQQһûһĸؼҵŮ죬ǴϷЩơƣΪ尾ġ
ԴͶ̥磬ÿոΪѹʱ򣬱˶ڿףַֻܴԼķշ
ַȻҲܺá
ȥʱΪľ⣬ֵһ졣
ԣַԼĸһȥһ棬ĸ׺úõĸһֵաȻҲܹ
ַЩϵǣѯϿǷԼһȥϵʱϿȴھܾǣϲ֡
ַ֪ԼʦĻΣԸʱԼĸ׵Ѫ飬̾ϢͬʱҲɵöϿٴм
ƻ轵٣ַ˳Թһٷʢ֮ϿУַȥϳӭϦһ·ȥ


ʮ 
һƽֻڲɹװμªҲֻһƥʱƽʱʻѾ¶ĳ֮УʻҲѾַ磬ȻַЩ裬ҺֻһƥʻѶҲߣΪСģȻЩģ֪ǶӵһƬТģҲûж˵ʲôˡ
ǣϾȲϺмΪǿңϰֵŶӼʻоѾܸˣַȻЩ̫ӦֵУԼĸףȴҪʱһ򱶣
Ҹвﵽһ׼ܴģȫǿ˵
ֻһͨˣһλͨĸףȻ߹ĺйܵĽӴַڱϵϼ֮ǰҲܹһЩǮƣʱȴʹģ
ٿڣȻϵǮƶϿɹģ˵ûһöͭ壬ȴҸģԼӼʻϣᵽһĳɾ͸У
ַ翴Ҹ΢Цֻů֮һ̣ʲôҺֻعֻ߰ݴѹʧһɶһ̣ļ䣬ѱĸҸЦ
һªܰҸյĻƻ裬ӭϦСʻȥ
һ죬˵˵һ죬Сڸֵ֮±עˡ˳˵ķ˼룬һֱӺбϹܼϣϳţڻָһȴڽ죬ַ£ᵽɵĸо
һһ㣬Ըֵʢ˺棬һַ翴һַ翴ǸֱԶ־סĿ⡣
ƽһΣᵽ˺ڸУңַȺд
һ죬ĸ浽뿪СȻмһ⣬˿Ӱַȵ顣
ַ翴һһŴ΢΢ƣȴЦ̲סһ˿Цݣ˼ȴƮصһϡ
ڼСʱ֮ǰĸûõʱַԶԶı㿴˺ۡϹܼϣӰַûдɫħۣһҲۣҲɫ͵͵Ʋȼַۣ⽫¶֮󣬾ʵջǵĿ⡣
һϱȽ֣άʿҲƽʱ˽ʿһ࣬ȻҲ˼λصǣСҲǿɭأԣάʿ;ȻҲ˼˽
Цǣ֪ΪʲôһپȻϹܼϣﳳ˵ĳԽԽ󣬵ʣµļҲ˳Ӫ
ϵȻϵϹܼϣҲȻϵЩ˽Ĵ磬ɵú⡰һˡΪʲôͻȻȴڵȼƶȵѹΧǰֻվԶ͵͵ϼָָۣ㣬Ψ˵עתƵԼϣԼɾ͵ùˣ
ǣȴֹ˵ָָ㣬ȺеַȣȻҲ˵ĵۡ
ַвɵЩ̫ЩӰȵ飬ĿתƵʱȴֻ΢΢üͺܿĻָЦʲôûһ㣬˷ַܵ紩Ⱥ֮С
ʼʱַΪȹⲻԸԼǰֳֵʱԽԽĵЦݣַŽ뷨ֱ뿪Сûпȵ¶һ˿ַŷ
뵽ַвȻĸĿ˰ɡ
ȿȡ
ͻȻһԵûеַѹһæתȥͿȽüͷ־ñЩᣬӻһӡ
ĸףôˣַʶһ䣺ѵˣ
ǰɣ㲻õģò˼ͻõġ˵ţȻַһ΢ЦҪרļʻѽ
õģĸףҪע塣
ַûж˵ʲôͷת˹ȥȴ̲ס̾һ
ͻȻָоһɿǷдĵȻŷ֣ԼһЩϸڡ磬Ϊսʿձ⣬һЩƩðСǺѼģȴֻһͨˣûгΪħʦ츳ҲϹ似ѧԺ̸ˡ
Ԫأȵ屾ͱȽּϽѹͣʱԽԽ
ȻᣬԺܶҲһʱֳܲǳ֮
ҪΪת䣬⼸ַҲʶ⡣
Ȼʶˣַһģ
һ̣иԼһҪ취ĸһʣ


ʮ 
ȥһ·ϣˣûж˵仰ַҲΪ˼ŸôҲûڡ
ݰȴѹΣ¹⣬ҲԳȻ
ܿ죬˱ص˼СƣȸַһкͻصϢˣַڽϻ֮󣬾ҵϿ
ϿԭΪַѾ˰ʵİ취취õϿİ
ңȣ취ϿҲͬãϾϿҲͣħʦʱͲսʿֳܵصֺеʱһЩ׳ͨ˶硣
ַ֮ô˻ҪϿΪʱѾˣ
˽գַ׼ס֮󣬾ͷرѧԺϾڷѧԺ·ϻҪİҵʱ䣬Ȼַܲþô뿪ȴҲûа취顣
ԣץʱˣΪ뵽취Ҫʱɣ»һܲ׵飡
Ͽķţ洫Ͽ΢΢Щַ֮ʱŶ룬Ͽѯʣһżĵʦ滹ж
ŶҪʲôϿеһװɫҺ͸ƿӣתѯַ磺ĸ𣿡
ĺ죬ĸѾϢˣַϳЦݣϷţϿǰʶһص⡣
ص⣿Ͽüͷ
ǵġ
ַ˵ͷ£Լһ·ԭԭĸϿ󻹲ԣͨʦİһԶƷҵĸʱ١ԡ˶һˡ
Ŷô˵㵽ҪʲôϿƺЩףʲôܴﵽ˵ġĿģŶһֵĴ
ʦͿҵİɣַظϿһ΢Ц
ǣַָ֮£Ͽȡ˴Һ߻ȫȻ㰴ַ˵ı׼Ƚһ¡
֮󣬱ǽƺõͣ˵Ĺ̼˼˵ϿʿҲûдľ飬ҺַѧϰһƵļɣȻҲϿǿ٣ַҲ۵ĺܣûǳɹĴԺеǸΡ
һι״һһ¯ϿַæĻͷϿȻ㲻ַ絽ڸʲôַϵľϲ֮󣬾ʱԼɻȷŽ˶
æһϣڶ峿ڵʱַڸϿһɡơ
ŵɢһŵĸι״ߣϿ¶˸ӵı飺СһȷЩ𵽶Ŀ𣿡
ҵʦЩֻɢƴװ֪ˣ
ַԵúܸˣزסϵƣæһϣ˵ûиоۣһϼû˯Ҳûнڤ룬ľЩήңɵöϿ΢Цʱ仹磬ҿǻϢһ°ɣȹʱٽƴװ
ϿȻûиʲô״̬Ҳַ϶٣±Ͳ˵ַͬһרڤ
ԼһСʱ֮󣬷⴫ЩżŶַ磬ҵĺӣģȥˣ
ڤеַһʶԼһûлԼķ䣬ĸ׿϶ǽϹȥŵʱûзԼżĺ
ַһæڤлָûü۾׼Ӧ𣬾Ͽ⴫˳ȥȣҪżСһأ
ַҲ˿۾ͷϿԼһ㲿ǰһ˼
ַףϿΪ˼ħʦȻԼָٶҪ죬ǰһĻַæվҵʦԵһҳȥҵĸס
Ͽûж˵ʲô˵ͷеһϸĹ۲š
ַ߳Ͽķ䣬ͷæ˵ӣȥʦæɣȥʳ׼˾֪ͨǡ
ĸסַһһϾͰѸ㲿ȫϣвɵ࣬Ҫ뿪æ׷ȥĸףϢһ°ɣȥʳ
ôأҵĺӣǲʳġȲɵЦˡ
ַգգۣ֪ȲԼæ˵ĸһָҰɡ
ַ֪⣬ҲͲٶ˵ȥַ罫ʳ٣ҲģЦЦپܾ


ʮ 
Щ춼ַȥмɹʳװ˿ռָÿβɹʳ㹻˳ģȻʣټ˲鷳
ȳԾǣַϴˡвһǳɣ⿵ַԼûмַһһݵĽõĲʢŵ֮УȲɵþȵĺϲ£졣
ַ統Ȼ⿣ȷе˵ʳɶǵصصвͣȻʮûٴףģȳԾӣַһæĶһ΢Цĸף̫ԾҲҰѧϰɹ
ɫӵ˵ַϵţ⣬˼һӿռָȡ˼
⼸ַƵʧƷΪȲֱ̫ӽԼĿռָ֮Уţʱַ粻ɵһζ
տ
Ƚţ򵥵һ£Ȼַ㽫гδ֮ϣһУɵЩͷ
ûľ̿
տҪĲգǿûľ̿гĻҲֱ׼㣬ⲢѲַ磬ȻһЩľַ̿ľͷĲʲͬȼյʱҲһ޵ʱ䣬ֻ뵽һְ취
ǣַ粢ûżȿȰϿȽгԼһһݵĽõĲ˸˳ȥϿַ߳ƵĲʱɵЩȳһڡ
ⲻãһϿʳһԵȿϿӲɵҲЩ棬æҲһڣһڣȵϱ㸡˾ϲ顣
ַ翴˵ӣԼȴЦЦӿռָͳһʧܵ壬üȻͷ˼ŻƵ棬ԾȣϿ˻ûַҪʲôʱַѾ⴮ŵ֮ϡ
ַ粻ϿƣŨŨʱɢϿ˺һַżȴǲҡҡͷһ䣺ûȻ̫ϧˣ
ܿ죬忾ţѾַãַ罫ţ͡ţ⴮ŵϵʱȴֲϵĲѾϿĲˡ
˶ûгԹвͣһҪصĿζסˣҪַ֪绹ûгԹ⼸̲˸ˡ
ϿȹŹֵɫַһЦеĿ˹ȥûϵЩտ㹻ǳԵˣ
Ͽӹַţ⴮𵶲ƺ֪ô֣ƽԿҲǳƬƣȻõųԣļĿ⣿ɵַ翴˹ȥ
ַַָһЩٺһЦһտͷ߳
ϿȶַĳԷЩ죬ǵֵסѧַӳ
˵ܶζϲȫʤԭ֭ԭζַտִַͬտֶΣܿ죬˾ͽõ⴮һ⣡
Ȼһٷ˶ԵҪ֮࣬ȴԵЩδַ翴ȥһЩȴϿһѸסˣˣСһû뵽겻ĳվȻôã
ѽҴûгԹֶصζû뵽Щƽ˺ţȻôơȲɵüЦһҪַѧϰһ¡
Ϣһϣһֳһٷʢζɫ˺ܶ࣬ƺҹȾķ纮ҲʧַȵĻ΢΢һЦûм˵ȥͻȻתƵȻԱˣô͸ÿʼˡ
ַеġ¡ҲǼоںϵ𱬣ȥƴװõһЩ㲿
ò͵ʱϿѾַ뷨ȣ֮иǶַǼǺ棬ԣҲԥļƴװƻ
ܿ죬ַ簴ռеģͿʼһһİЩ㲿ƴװȻӡлЩģĶȴûô򵥡
طС⣬ĳЩ㲿ĳߴ粻̫ϸҪôЩ㲿Ҫĥ֮æһϵʱ䣬ȵ֮ʱûƴװٴε̭һ㲿
־һæ㲿ĳߴַҲڸˣȺϿ˹۲֮£ַһ׳˲ҳԹ֮굽Ͽڣʼű׼ߴ㲿
һոµ㲿¯ֱӽƻʱ֣е㲿ȫ
Щʵ㲿֮⣬һЩ֮СҲַ˵ϣƴװϿȻﲻʲôæ
ַ翴˿ɫæһҲһЩƣ룬ȿɵЩ۵ҵĺӣʱٽƴװɣѾͣæһˣ
ַ֪Լмһʱ䣬ԼסĻƴװ̻ϿʹãӦûüҲ͵˵ͷ
֮ͣڹ۲ַεв֮ۻۻַ磬Ļָ˱ְַָ֮£ȻַЩ裬һٷʢвͣȻڸбֵַ֮вͻҪһЩѾгˮ׼ˡ


ʮ ַġ
һĺܿ죬ȴҲȺϿоصһ졣
һ쵱УǲζڵвͣҲɵöַı仯е˼Ϊο
˵жһʣǾǡַСһôЩֵӵġ
˾ԴҲ²ˡ
ԭ˵Ҫô
ڶһ磬ַϿķæȺϿҲһĿַ翪ʼƴװ
ڼģַ˺ôľŽСһһƴװƴװɵʱѾʱ֡
ԼƷַɺһ֮΢Ц
ǡ
ϿȶǰֵĶãûи⵽һʲô
СһƴװʲôϿ̲סѯҲһɻĿַ硣
ַ翴˿˵ı飬вɵССһ£ָǰƴװĶ³֣г
гϿȲɵ
ǵģг
ǰļ䣬ַ֪гĺô࣬гҪֱۺ˫ҪЭһ£ܶʣǿķιܣ˵ǰһ
ֻǰгַһгҪСһȦѵλûǴﵽϿ䣬ַ֮СȻҲǷʾϾȻսʿʵףҲûг˵ߡ
гɳܡ̥̤ɲȶʮ㲿ɣеᡢբַ˺ܴľɣ̥һЩϾɵ𽺵䣬Ȼ̥ȣô̵ʱгѾܲˡ
ңгҲףƺͳ嶼ûаװرĳжװãȫբȻҲУַһȴо㣬뵽ôСгûгբҲؼңֻȺϿõģûд·Ҳ⣬ַ绹ļΪܵ˲õɲϵͳַ绹ǰֵλðװ鱡壬ˤڵһʱҲ֧ŵ棬Ὣˤˡ
ȥһЩ棬ַҲûзʲô⡣
Ҫǡûлͣ
гĳᡢСŵӶҪע͵ģ󻬡ȴĥȸãûлͣǾζгٲ
֮£ַֻȡһЩʳ͹ע˽ȥҲûгֻƽԼĸ׺ʦһ壬ҲͲôҪˡ
ַæǰæϿɵüͷԡҪôʹã
гʹ÷ܼ򵥣ַһָŽְ̤ѣһ߶ϿȽ͵ֻҪطϣ˫ְȽ̤ǾͿˡ
ϿԲַĻһɻʵ⡭ӵĶûƽѽ
ȵɻַ粢ûͣ˸Լһͬȥʾ˿
˴ŨŨɻ߳䣬ַг˳ȥ
ָоЩأȿԳܵķΧڣʹ᲻гҪˤǻܷġ
Ƚг⣬ַȥǰľгĲٿȻҲǼ죬ȻªгٿЩӲΪ죬ҲȽϷƽ̹Ĳݵϻ
Ͽɴ۾
˶Լ۾ֵĶȻסƽ⣿
˾㵵֮£ַ罫гﵽȵǰĸף԰ɣ
ҡôСʶĶ¶һ˿̬
Ů˸ͲԴסĶοŮˡ
ַȴ¶Цݹûϵģĸףгƽʱֻʦڼãİɣһ̸ֽʦġ
ȿַЦݣֿһϿûгЦ˼֪ԼӵһƬ⣬ҲͲټһҧгȥ
ַĲ֮£ϣֵгȴûаȫУȻַһֻųӣʶĿŽ£˫ҲЩ
ַһٹ֮£ĵ
ַĲȲҪгƽ⣬ȻһŵȥоЩԽԽоɣȦȻ˳ص˵ϣֻоЩ㱣˫̲סҲЩ
ﳵӣһԵϿЩͲסˣһ߳г˹ȥһߵҲԡ


ʮ ص۶
ַæοȼ䣬͸ϽϿгϿҪȵ٣һϳ˽ŵӣַȦƺоԼѧĲˣԸַˣСһԼԡ
ַϿķԸСĵɿ֣ǽ׷ϿԣһСľ͵ڵأϿıֲûַĲԼȵΧԭһȦַ翴ҲģͲٽ׷
ȿϿӣ¶Ľɫ
Ͽƺ𣬲ټȦְѳԶȥǣȻһʧȥǰĹԣղסƽ⣬ַ翴Ͻǰгְҡ˼£ַǰһȵ˵ϡ
ΪǰִãϿûˤۣȻˤ˵ϣȴ̲סЦö궼ûôʹˣ
ԭлһϿˬʵЦԼҲ̲סЦ
ַæϿ𣬲ǻ¶һ˿Ц⡣
һʱ䣬ªľ֮ǰһҡڡ
֮ϰгʱȷŵһߣȿʼæϿЦǺǵĽַԼУ̲ס̾һ䣺Сһ㲻СԴΪʲôôϡŹֵ뷨
ַ֪ϿָгɵЦЦ˵һ䣺ҲֻͻȻ뵽ġ
ϿȻҲ϶ƽϣȻһ仰ַܴĻԣЦݣַļͻȻתƻСһ׼ʲôʱߣһ㣬ҲӦ·ˡ
ǰ
ַ̾˿Ͽû׼뿪Ժĸ׾Ҫͷչˡ
һ£ַ粹һ䣺ѧԺżٵʱһġ
ˣСһûʲôúڱѧԺɣȡҵ㲻õġϿ¶Цݣħ
ǵȻ
ַ΢Цŵͷ̲סţԼȷþҵϾڰݣҲһͷ۵ˣ

Թ緹ַֿʼְֵĽȺϿϰгĳԣ˶֡桱˶˼ĺ棬ϰҲͱ˼飬һֱϰ˰˲ַܲĲֱʻˡ
ò˵гֽͨ߻Ǻֵġ
˴գϰһ죬ȺϿַĲ֮ɵĹʻˣ˵ٿЩӲ룬ѾҵһЩƽļˡ
ڼ䣬˵Цַ粻ƻֺгķΧԼ뿪Ҫ˵ԥŸοڣȴַ磬׼ʲôʱٻص۶
ɣַܲȻЦЦ
ַϣһαֵĺƽôԼĺӣ¶˹ЦݣҵĺӣͷļɣþúøŹϯѧϰħҸʦûʲôġ
ַ֪ȵģҲͲ϶˵ĵ˵ͷְѻתƵ˶гĺôϡ
ַ绹ЩĵĶȼ䣬ֶϿ䣬˵ЦлصԼķ䡣
һҹתۼڶ̫δַѾ𴲣Լķһ£ʹ򿪷˳ȥ
̫Ȼδ𣬵Ѿʼף˿̣ɻ˯УϿķҲǽգַĿһľݣǾһλ˵Ҳ˶һеķӿѹ£ַĵһ뿪

ϵʱɫַѾߣҴһͨ·Ⱥ֮УҲۡ
ܿ죬ַһ̤ǰ۶ĵ·
еַеˬȻϴԡ豸һӦȫҵĵԽյڤ״̬
֮£ַڶ޵ĳϣ˼Լľ
ȣַ׵ıλڿ־ɭǸС˴ϣȴֹСļضٵĿңÿмǹСˣһдһ仰⡱
ңҲ˵޲ضС֮У
һַСĺԽԽַ϶Ȼ֪ʥ򵽵ģֻСȺ¸赲סʥǿߣ
ʥǿвģСһԼܵĵص㣡
ϾеĵɶǴСģ
ַһ죬ԼҪСеܣ


ʮһ ȶϲ
뵽СַȻȻľ뵽˰ݣԼһصѧԺȻٲ밲ݼ棬Լַ֮ԼظеһصĸоհôͲѿ޲ڰ͢Ĺϵ
޲عΪʥǿߣԼ˽ӵ˵ĸͲһ㣬ҪҲͰˣȻλǺڰ͢ݵ˼ĸ׵ļ޲صĸҪôĻֲ̫ˣ
ԼֻһССƽ񣬻ڱ˵ԼţַףԼʵڴ½ϸͲʲô٣ĿǰǲУ
ԣֿ֮£ַоԼ䲻ϰݣ䲻߹ݣ䲻־ɫ
Կ϶棬ַϣڸһ棬ȴΪһԵʣʼնûԵ
˰죬ַҲûԺӸ԰ݣϣַʱԼҪ밲ݱ־룬УȴޱߵС
ǰһŮѵӰʱе˿ȴǾþöûϡ
Ҫװһθ飬õİ취Ͷ뵽һθ֮аɣ
Ȼһõѡ񡭡ǰ
ԼһǰӦҲİɣ
뵽ַԺͻȻǸɰŮģ˵һֱûԼԼҲǼӾһһŮ˹ӦøԼɣ⣬ӦҲǽǰɣ
񡭡ŮıҲ򵥰
ε˼ǼܿʵҲһΣԣȥΣҲ̸ֻ˵ӵļ壬ǱȻӵһȻĻķͱǿ˸ȥˣȻлΣյԣβҲ˵ֻҪСһ㣬ǾͲʲô⡣
ңһ㡭ĵжʲôˣҲ壬ʵ̫ˣ޵ʥһеţκͰٶȣҲζű
ԴӼɪַ֮о̲סɻ󣬻ϵʥǿߵȷ࣬϶ģɪվõһӣôĻκͰļ˵Ҳʥǿߣ
ôһ룬ַ粻ɵøоϸһ亹ÿһλʥǿ߲ӵԼǿ޲ˣɪҲˣʥȻûԼȴһӦķʩħĹϯҲҶ˵ʲôǸ˵еѪ߿ҲԼȻĻôʥսأ
뵽ַ粻ɵͷ
ĿǰֻϣгһܸԼĸֻһ֮󣬱ȺϿӣƽɵ
ԼδлΪʥҲӵԼҲɼĽУδ飬ֺαضأ
ǰҪģ
屳ԼһԼֺαȥ˺Ůأ
ˣһһɣ
ַﲻһ꣡

Ȼеַоܲˬʮʱ仹Ǻܿ͹ˣһ죬뿪ѧһʱַѾص˱ѧԺڵڶǿѧʱ䣬һѧԺ֮Ե쳣æ
ò״ȺַǰŽķţַͳԿ򿪷ţỹӣһ㶼ûб仯żǰһҹµĺۼûüʰ
Ŵ֮ǰһһ𣬵컹ࡣ
ַ򵥵ʰһ£ִɨһ׼ȥȥѧԺùݵʱӭıȶ
һ죬ȶļΪ룬ͷҲһ˿յϴŲõЦݣվһˣСĵıһ
ȶַ¶˾ϲɫ첽ǰͻȻʲôתͷ˵Ķ߷Ը˼䣬ԸͷİݸȶȻתȥˡ
ȶˣæַ첽˹
ַȻҲǿǰһĻ΢΢һȻ뵽ʲô߽ıȶҲϽӭȥǺǣҵĸ磬ǹϲ㰡
ַ磬̫˷ˣ
ȶһӵסַ磬ʹĺ󱳣ڵõ׵ĳˣߣҽȥٺúø˵˵
ַ粻ɵЦˣٶ˵ʲôæȶһ߽ᵱС
һ߽Уȶһ¾ֵ˴ϣŶַ翪ʼڷ顭


ʮ 
ԭͨȶһѧڵļŬڵ۶ĺע⵽ӣڷżٵһ죬ȶʰ׼ȥ̻һؼʱȴѧԺſڱͻȻõ˸
ȶһ棬һ۾˳ʱȶû뵽ԼĿģΪԼѯַ飬ɵд󾪡
ǣ˵⣬ȶеĽͻޱϲ֪ҪԼû˵˺ۡ
һμԼףȶϲ֮Ҳӿһɸӣ·Ͽ˰죬ҲûǺԼ׸ôԺ
ǣڼ֮һӭж⣬ֵļΪȣ˱ȶŬдһ˿ӱϼҵĺУеο˱ȶĸףдĻŵĽβʾӻص۶Ժͱȶһڵ۶ĺС
ҵʱ˷ܼˣע⵽ˣǣ֪ĸҪ۶·ϣȴһ顭˷еıȶƺʱַҲǺĶӣ˵㵸Ҳ֪ϼҾ۶̫Զˣ㸸˿ӱ޸ϻϼңҲѾʮȥˣ
ַ¶΢Ц˵ͷڱȶľûбʾʣлһοУȶСͼΪ̿࣬ѧԺĿģϣע⵽ֻǹ˶̶̰ʱ䣬ȶСĿľѾﵽַܲΪϲ
˺ʶĻȶпܼ̳кľλϾ׼Ĳݰ˵ڲܳ裬ҲصȶŸ֪ˣ
һδȶĳΪ˺ǶԼĺôҲ൱޴ģ
ԼȶȴһԼֻһ˽ӣûк˵ݣԼҲԶм̳оλĿܣԺԼҲĶӣҸһݣַҲϡ
ߣʲôȥˣʮ裬ɲһ仰Լģ
ԣȶܵõʶַоֻο͸ˣȶױԼգգ۾ַ粻ɵЦôĸ׻·ϣʲô⣿ôˣҲ㲻ɣ
ȷʵҲʲô⣬ҲǼһˣȶ漴̾˿һķŻϲģЩüġ
űȶĽַвŵǸССڵõ˽
ԭ·ͻȻżȶģ㲢ûдĵĴӵ۶ɴ󲿶ȥϼӭӱȶĸףнϼҵϹܼϣ׼飬ңڵʱɳȥִ񣬵۶ֻʣ֣ԣֻһȥϼš
ȻҲ˼ֻǿٸϼţԣЩҲûжôģÿҲֻ׼һƥ
ǣɣЩǽ˼֮󣬾ȻһȺǿŵء
ȻЩ˵װӡ˼ı־һȺǿٽգû㹻ԵʣǽȺݣû˵ͰǸˣҵݱ¶㽫Щһһڡ
Ȼ¸ҵԡѪսκǿ̫࣬ʵֲǿֻиһ˳ȥҺãӵ˳Угеʿ˸ϵı־æ֪ͨ˳ȻҲ˼ˣѶʱ־£Ǹʱ򣬸־Ѿ˰״̬
˼˾ȻԼ飬פϼҳǱڵͳðɣǰȥУȸѹѯԭʱһŭ֮£ƽԭɨ
ҲûԼְ֮󣬾͸ϽСĺϣױŽϹܼϣ
ȶĸڵ֪ºȻϲĻ˹ȥΪֵδãʱϼҵĺ
ת֮ѾҪգֵҲѾĲ࣬ȶĸױϹܼϣİ£׼ǰ۶
ʱ򣬳ǱͻȻ˼һ˽ϣԻѯϹܼҴõ顣
ʵϣ˼ϸĹ涨õÿʿ֪˵ͳˣϹܼϣȻЩٵ⣬Ҳе΢Ͼ˼ϳô飬Ҳ϶סЩֻӺ֪ʱ䣬ðȵĶɹһգپĲһЩˡ
ΪЩҲðѹϵŪ
ǣϹܼϣ͸ֵȰ˵֮£ȶĸ׻ϼҶס˼졣
Щʱ䣬˼ɨ֮£ǿţ۴СһһȫΪ˽ͳ컹˿ǿԴװĴ䣬дˡ˷빦š˽ЩԴ׼ȶĸһͬ·


ʮ εĵ
ϹܼϣȻǲͬ飬ʲôЦ˷ص۶Ĵͷһ·
֮ǰϢϹܼҲٰ֪ȶĸ·ţʢŭ֮±ͷҵǼ١
ԣһ죬ַȱĿϹܼҺ;ٳܵһĻ
ǣ֮ջһۣϹܼϣﱻͬĴͷȶĸһͬ·ҲͬϹܼϣҪ󡪡һ·ҲҪֿ롣
ǣĿİʮĹ򣬱ȶĸײյĴ̤ǰ۶ĵ·
м䵢˼ʱ䣬֪˼ԣ;飬ּߵĹٵ˰ʱȶĸ׾˵۶
ĸ׳ٳûҺ͸׻ΪĸϼסʮЩ᲻뿪ĸ׵۶ʱ򣬸ײ֪ϼ顣
˵ȶһһ˵Լ˾ȻԼ⵽ڣ׵ʱŭΪ˲򣬸׵̤˻ϼҵ·;
˵䣬ȶأ̾һѾܶ궼ûлȥˡ
Ŷôҵĸ磬ʲôͷ𣿡ַĬƬ̣ͻȻѯôһ䡣
ȶȻûϵַ⣬Ƭַ̣˵Լ뷨ʵҾ黹Ҫǿ֣ϾҼǵƽԭ֮ǰԭûôǿҲ²⣬ϼҵƬϷʲôص飬űƵƽǿ
ãʲôűƵƽǿأַæ׷һ䣬˳ѵֻأϾƽֻҪӻǺ˻ȥðյģ
˵ַһѣȶɫЩѿ˵Ĺ⣿
ɣϾϷҲ۹ĵĵط֮һ˳񼢻϶ᷢ˵ĻҲ϶ڵһʱ֪ҾͲ²ڲ߳⣬ΪĳЩ˵̰ۣͨ˽ԼӴ˰գŻᵼ¸ðȥǿ
ַ˵ЩѹڱȶߵϾǺܶ궼ûлϼˡ
ַôһ˵ȶʱסˣһжַ˼ҪǲûһʱͲܸ
ַ粻ͬӵĹݣȻСûжӹעһֱûԼ˼ˣ
ԣڼ飬ٶЩУһκͣΪ˼˱ȹĵģ
űȶģַ̲ס̾һ֮ѯʱȶֻѱȶҪΪһֵϲͶ鱣äĿֹۣҪΪһ峤۹δĺҪһЩС˼ڲĹԼ˵⣬ҪΪһκֻһӼԶԭ
ˣȶҪˣڻÿȻкġַıȶĺ󱳱ʾο
ȶҲַ֪ڿԼɵ̾һ˵ʲôȴͻȻŵ
ˡ
һ侲𣺡ΣķصѧԺ𣿡
һεַһüͷ֪ο϶Ϊ˰͸ȶһɫͷžվſ˹ȥ
ַЩǣ򿪷ţĲֹһˣҲվԱߣϴһ˿ӣЩԼ
죬κͰȻ˾ĵĴ磬˴࣬ͷҲһ˿Ǻסϵķ糾ַˣжʱ˶ȻǸջصѧԺãæк˽
ûж˵ʲô߽Уԥһ£ԼĸѾ˽ȥҲ˲ʲôϽȥ
ȶۿ˽Ȼûиԭ򣬵ǸϽʰһӣָ˰ӣһ΢ɾһЩĵط
ַ˶ջصᣬڻǷżǰһҹ񻶵ĳ棬ԲЩңַͱȶɫЩΣȴںЩűȶһл֮󣬱ŶԼİϡ
Щǲ˼
һУȶǸĶκͰ˵һ䣬˻ش𣬱ֶַķһе飬ͳȥ˰š
Ȼ֪˵⣬Ҳַģһ췵Уżַ磬ǱȻкҪ飬ԼɵҲûбҪˡ
ַҲʲôˣȶԸҲͲǿ˵ͷȴЩĵȶǼ鲻ҪϣҲֻ˵˵ˡ
ȶ֪ʱ˶˵ַ˵䣬صĵ˵ͷ֮Ϳ˳ȥ
ȵȶһߣŰվ֣صɫżɽķһΣҸлģû뵽һͻȻ뿪


ʮ ݱ¶
˵˿ԺҪʲô飬һᶦ
һ˵ţһü˶ʾڽȻվƺЩĲɣַһַۣԼͷﺬǡǰллҡ
ַ罫ı鿴̾˿ȴЦЦ뿪˵ЩʲôȴͻȻűϵš顱һƿˣ
һ죬ƻ˷ڵգַ羪֮²ɵתͷȥȿŶˣһȵɫתΪ˿ɬ
κͰȻҲǱŵ˹ȥˣϸһɲͬʱһ˿̾ȴֱüͷ
ٿλߣϷǵûΪԼʧǸ⣬һԹģеַ磬ȻûϵȻڳϲҲһ˿ȡ
һʱ䣬ȴ֪˵ʲôá
Ŷ˲ǱˣǰݴС㣬ľȣ漴ϵԹüͷĿɨκͰǲַ磬λǡ
Ȼһ棬ʱͺȵԼ˵ʲôǵˣǵסֻһ֮ԵأԣڿεʱԺȻЩϤɾ벻ʲôطΣҲʶĿѯַˡ
ֻⲻ˵ãһ˵ǵûлεգǽ㣡
ַѧԺ˰ˣҲֻϰء޲غͰ֪ǡ˺ϰػ޲֪ķģǡȴͲ֪
ַҲûнԼĻ߰ݣ԰˵ԼʲôҪҪԼˣĵһֱ԰ݵĸԥÿμʱҲ벻طȥҲһֱûаԼĻ
ǣȴû뵽ƽʱһССĺӣȴڽɱ¶Լݵĺ
һַ̣ɫɵñѿ
ݵĳƺתƵַϣŨŨɻͲ⣬ϣҲдѯʣַһֱĿֱַ꣬ķݳֲŽСͶԼʵųֵţȴסѧԺԺַķвɵЩɥҲûнַķϵһ𣬵ǣ˿ôһ˵ﲻùŹ
뵽ķʵص٣ʱǶ԰ݳƺַ˼֣
ȻҲ˵ַ֣ȴͲ֪ķʵʵûнķַϵһԣ˿̶ڰݵĳƺû̫Увһ˿ɵʶѿڶ㡭˭
ݿ˸ıвɵЩ޹һۣüͷ˵Լݣȴַǰ棬ֻǣ˿ַٶЩǸ⣬̾һǰݣԺŮΣѾˡ
С㣿
ַ仰ֽĿת˰ݵϣһΣѾȡŰݾգţȴǿЦԭСݾȻôҲû뵽δ޾ȻǶİС㰡
һ仰ޱߵĸпһͬҲŶַʵݵѯʣҲһ仰ڵɫ䣡
δޡ֣ǰݾƺ֮ԣʱַҲûжԴͣοȻҲͳΪʵ
µһ̣һɫ˲ͱò԰ޱȣʹվԭЩ֪롣
仰Щ⣬ʶһ£漴˫վ͸һĨ̺죬εεĿַһۣȴǴԴһ޵ģȴǱ˿ۡ
δһƺǳڣַ翴ݴ˿̵ı֪Ѿˡ
΢΢̾ϢһĿɨˣ˵ıսȻ˼Ƭ̣к˵ҶɣһĽ͡
˵䣬Ҳ˵ķӦأߵ˴һƨвɵǿЦʱһ֧ˡ
γһ۰ݣֿ˿ı飬һûж˵ʲôŻԭصİߵַĴ˿̣˵ݶڰ˵Ѿ㲻ʲôˣ·ѾȫȻѧڷżǰһ췢飬ַкǰԹı鶼ʧҸЦ⿴һۣһַߡ
Ҳ˰ı飬Ȼʱ̫װΪʲôҲµʲô뵽ַһֱԼ̬ȣϵ۶ʱ˲٣ڰƺͬ顣
Ϊǵַ磬˿̸û鿼Щ߰Ķˣ˶ѾһȻַԼϣָסߵıԵһֻ̣ܡһ߾ͱַ


ʮ 
ΣҵѣܱǸһֱҶƭ㡣
ַ³һϵΣҵȷַ磬ķֻҵĻҵѣңпԵġ
˵䣬ַΣȻνӴ࣬¿ԳƵ䣬һˣֵģ
ȻԼѾסǾֻŬҲԴԼĳ⣡
ַ硣
ַüͷ˺ܴľŴ³֣һ̣ȴͨʲôһ̻ǹŹֵһȴȻתΪɣҲ¶ϵЦݣлл̹ף⡣
˵ûϣԼƭΪһڹġܺߡַȹõڵ֪ԼһֱͱƭڸҲӦôһ˿ִģΪַĶǿջЦʱ򣬷ƽ˵ҲѯʳԼеɻ󣬻߸ɴֱѯʵʲôԣ
ûУʲôⶼûѯַ磬ֻǼ򵥵֡⡱
ϣͲѿβûַҲѿжַڵ˿𾴣
һشٶַЩ⣬ַѾһѽ͵ĻεĻش𣬲ɵЩ㵵ѵͲ֪Ϊʲôƭô
룡˵ͲҪ
һ̹ԵֻҪ֪ȵģ㹻ˣ
˵䣬·оЩ㣬ɵòʲôˣʲôԣҲʵݵ˭һ˵ǿҲںֻ֪ҵľˡҿ»ȣ룬϶һˣΪҪݣȻĿԣֺα׷ȥأ
ַû뵽һξȻ˵ôĵĻɵЩ㵣Ƭ֮ϲ¶˾ΥЦݣϵ˵һ䣺Σлл㡣
˵ллӦҡģҸԲʵ͸¶ȥ˵䣬ͻȻͷ̾һ˰һֿۣ˿ԼðŰҸξлģʱ䲻ˣҲӦûȥˡ
˵ţַشǿһ黹ڴ͵İ·һ㣬գ֮ʧַǰ
ŷűϣһʱ䰲

ݿһҲҲãдɻȻûʲô飬ıεķӦҲµһЩɵý߷ַϣǸ⿪ڵַ硭ǲ˵ʲô
㣬ʵҲûʲô˵ġ
ַ翴˰һۣ̾ϢһҵزסҲûʲôҡҲֻ⴫ˡ

ݼַûйԼͻȻЦһѱסֱַۣԴȥһС˵ӣҾ֪ǲҵģ
ַڰַӦЩ⣬һ£ɫĳԼֱۣ΢΢ûȾưɣ
ûаƺЩãȻַָʲô
ַüͷ㡭
û˵꣬ƺʶʲôͻȻߵĵԴ΢΢ϹֻСЩ໥һ㣺ҡû뵽㡭Ϊ˾ܾǸаŮȻ˵δ顭ޡ
˵󣬻ΪΪɬԵʣԽԽСǼ֣
ַ绹ˡ
ðɣݴСѾװѵվˡ
ַı鲻ɵǹŹ֡
漴뵽Լ˵ЩܾݵĻвɵһɡ
Ҳá
Լһֱͻĳֻɣ
һַ̣ͻȻӿһǿҶĪĳ嶯
ֻǡ˼Щ֮гпʱڰݵȴһģ
ݼ˵֮икҲ֮ʣҲɵ͵͵ַۣһ͵ӣͻȻһĸо
һ̣֪һ͵һ´ӴֻСץסַԴûзӦʱͻȻݺݵĶַ;ȥ
ַȻûϵθΪ󵨵ľٶһֻ̣ô֮һƬհףӦʱȴѾӰѾܵ˷֮ǰıӰʧ֮УֻһԴɬȴޱֿĻ˽ַ磬ҵĳǣδһҪǵŶ
ãַǻһ㣬ߴӷŴŲʶԼ촽ͻȻһ˿Ļȣôٺ١ζĺܲ


ʮ 
˵ˮ
ת֮䣬ʱҴҹȥ۶ɷѧԺĽҲΰӣһз·ûиı䣬˵ģֻв֮µЩǡ
ʱ䣬۶ѧԺѾѧԱΪѧԱַ磬ʱҲѾѧԱ
ƽʱ⣬ַѾӵһɱһһپʮ๫ֵĳˣȻĿǰҲֻʮ꣬յԵʣ忴ȥΪǿ׳Ϊ̳˺ѪҲԽӢޱȡ
˿̵ѽ˵ϵߣѧԺڣ֮ǰַĴѾ伣Ȼʾˣ˸֮⣬ûϵóǵѧԺһ粨ȴֺܿʧǸַ硣
Щ꣬ѧԺȴҲûгһַһŵѧԱַȻѾǻвѧԱڲ෹֮ʱ̸ֻǣû˻֪ǿеǸһֱǵߡ
˵ʱ⣬ַĶܵ͵ϿεʱϿΣòμѵʱѵҵʱ򣬸ļ˺һֻȥдд裬ʱǼյڵĵ
˵ַ绹ǹĺܳʵġ
ֻǣʱⲢûн밲ݵľԶԽԽꡰδޡ¼ַһֱûп˵ƣҲ֪ǶԵǼˣ֮вԸȥ룬һпյʱȥַ磬ıȶҲѴһţ˻һЦ
ժ³ªߵȻǵõ˲˵׷󣬵ݾһ㣬ЩС׷֮Աǣһַֻϣַ統Ȼû˵ƣÿˣȴܵĻͷһϵѧԱַϰݶ˵Į̬ȣö֮Ҳû˻ȥַˡ
ֻǣ˻̲ס²Ϊķļһʵжǿ
ݰַƽѾڱѧԺﾡ˽֪ΪݸסѧԺԺ޲ȴʼնûб̬Щ׷ݵĹǴݣδܼ޸һƽأ
ԣ޲ض˽ͣʾɵģԼԼŮ˽˿ռ䣬ڣ޲ҳɢЩԵһѧԱѧԺԺĳͷʲôͷûֻ֪֪Ӵ֮󣬾ҲûǰԴˡ
޲ص̬ȣַ̲סĻϲڰҲ֮ǰܻӭˣҲ룬δĳһ죬Ļ޸Լÿ뷨ļʱ̲סԼʸȢ߰ô
굱УѧԺЩ֮⣬ÿѧԺżٵʱַҲһμԼʦĸһʱ䣬ϿҲΪֲڵġгװ˼ΣгøΪҲϰֳַȻʱϸһЩƣ֮ȴǳƽ⵹ƽ˼͵ʡ
Ҳַ˸ľ棬ȣҵһЩʱ¾ƹ֮Уѧұ֮ƢǼãַҲĵһһ˽ͣ뽳ַ֮࣬Ҳܵºͽܻá
νĳ˽ãȻҪͶá
һ򵥵ĵַȻ׵ģܵΪ¾ƹݵġܹܡִ˽ļ˵ұҲкܸߵĳɾַͣӴʱȴֽܵһİáϲռұϡ
ڽܵݵԭ򣬲¾ƹݣԣַˡ
һЩʱ߱˵۶䣬һЩżٵʱռұϣʱ䣬ռĲϸʤЩǣռЩ͸ܵ£ܵϲ֮ȴóĲϻַ磬񡰰꺮ĲϲСʯۡȸϣУַ̲֮סϲȴǽܵ»һȭͷСġʯ
ʱ⣬㹻ַĶϿЩ鼮ڲ鼮Уַļǵùʯļء
ʯһּΪʣĲҲΪ⣬ȣʯһֶôӲʣֻҪһӵļʵսʿͿɵĽķ飡
ĲҲֻһ֡ﵽһˮ׼֮һЩϵʱкСļʻƳһʯʯͺãħʦȴǱǿħʯΪĶ
Ϊʯħĺģ


ʮ Ǳв
ڴħ
ңħĿռ䲻ˣһħȥͲʱŶ٣
ǣҲһȱ㣬鼮еļֻĸ֡ɷ档
ɷ˼Ҳܼ򵥣˵һ㽫ħעȥôͲɳȡҲ˵עĹǲ淴ģһЩħıʯħþʱԴгȡõ䣬ʯһħעȥǾͲܳȡˣ
ȱħʦȴ㲻ʲôòڴ洢ʹõħħᣡ
ʯĴռ伫һЩ߼ħС͵ħħҪĵħҲǾΪˣǴħʦʥħҲһͷżϸ߼ϵħҪＫҲձħʦһƣȻ߼ϵħ޴伶ħ˲ݻһ򣬵ΪЩתȱ㣬ħʦԵЩߡ
ǣֻҪʯͽؼһ㣡
ֻҪ߼ħҪ㹻ħע뵽ʯ֮Уܵħһħᣬǰħʦȱݾͽȱݣ
㹻ʯҽЩʯȫɽ伶ħᣬǽһεȿֲ飡
ֻǣʯĲ٣Ҷˮ׼Ҫ󼫸ߣ½֮ϣҳʯҲʯԴļѷҲͬ˵ܶħʦչʯмеĳ档
ħޱȵľ棡
ǣǺεˣûʯأַֻѹûܴӽõޱȵʯȴ벻Ȼʹӽͽܽܵµеõˣ
ңȭͷСôһ飡
Ҫ֪һ߼ħᣬֻҪСʯǾ㹻ˣ
ڽַܻȴнӴΪ֣Ϊʵԭ򣬽ܻϿᣬʵЩԱͨ˵Ľַо˽ܻеǷݲĲԴеã
Ȼôһ˵Ѿ㹻һˣܻΪʹȴô롣
ȻҲ󣬵ϾҲԼ˼룬ӼġˡȻˣһֱܻ֪ЩˡԼһԴڽ񣬶һԴԼе
֮ԶԼ̬ȹΪԼˣΪԼеã
ɱʥ֮κ˵
Ϊһ㣬ýܻһԱԱڽԵȨ֮Ѿѹö֮ýܻγԸ
ַԽܻ˽⣬֮Էһ㣬ΪĳԼұ˷֮ˣ˼УзֽܻԼϵĶ似ʱ¶ȺһؼõԹʱŻȻʶġ
ʶһ㣬ַоһֵĸоһ棬Щܻͬһ棬Щų⣬ͬԭܼ򵥣ų⣬ΪԵʣϾҲ̻ԼٶĳֽǶ˵ҲԼİʦַȻǶԽмܻԹޣɵҲ
һ½񣬵ͻȻ뵽ԼܻڽԼһͨˣôĻȫûʸָܻĲֻð뷨˶
ңʱ䣬Ҳ֣ͲǱϿô򵥣Ȼַ͸񣬵һ˼ҲɵһɿЦĸоԼżＸֺαȥΪ˽ء
Ȼô룬ַҲһģʱŽ񣬵ֳ̬ºͣûַͲ֪ˡ
ϾԼҲǾˣ
Ҫ˵仯ģǱȶˡ
굱УͨȶиŬǿҵϽģӮ˺ͣȻĿǰҲ󣬵ѾܶҵȫĽ˱ȶȥϤЩ
ȻȶϾ󣬺ܶȻѧϰϾȱľ飬ܶʱַ翴ȶͷ˼ӾͻǰѯʣȶһԼĵܵܣԼܱܵϾǡԼˡֶԼ˵λϵκвԣҲеĿһ˵ַ硣
ҲֻйһƷȴ벻ַ˵Щַ֮ͷ˼һȻ˵һϵеĽ
ȶһһߵɴ۾вɵþ֮벻Լ⣬ȻԼֻܵƬ֮¾͵õ˽


ʮ ҵ
оȵͬʱҲɵöַֻҪһ£ҵַ˵ַܸķĳЩòַҲָܸһ·
ַ˵ȶЩȴʲôϾһڷ⽨磬ǵĵȼι̣ǰƽȡףַֻǰһЩһѧĹ齻˱ȶ
һϸĹƶˣȻ׾٣
ַ֮ôĵĽЩ߱ȶһǶͯԼĹػʾлĸԼ磬ϾԺĺǱȶĻǶԼҲģ
Щ߱ȶԭԼݣҲţȶԼȥλӣҲͲЩ˵ˣһʲôɵڣϾȨıһˣȶоԼвĻ˵ʲô
ȻַűȶȴȥȨ
ϾȨ磬ǿǾԵģ
ȥЩԸϷ仯ģˣͨദȻ˼ϻЩŲԸȴֹ˲٣ȶͬȶڰѸľ˼ϣĽȲɵȴȥЩΪ˱ԼˣҲΪԼĽ˵ļΪ̿ࡣ
ȻûʲôҲ¶ĳַϰĵʱȴϰصͣͨϰصֻƬַҲ޲صЩ˼
ԼλġɼַοͬʱȴΪͷ۲ѡ
Ϊʱ䣬ŰͯǸʫˡǵûмԽǿԤڰϱֳһӱܣַ緢֣ԽԽЩλöֲű߼ʵ飬ҲĬ࣬ǰǸˬʡֱʵ꣬˶ˡ
ַ磬ȶҲ氢ǣÿ˶һЩʱϣ롰;ÿ˵֮Ļʱ򣬰̾ϢһȻ㲻ˣӱ뿪
ĽȶеΣַȴ̾Ϣ
ȻһûнӣףҪĳ˵£һҪ֣ͱ簢Ŀǰ˵ӱԼӵеΣҲ˵׷Լ룡
ַףҪеĽᣬֻһ취Ǿȥ׷롣
׷Ĺܴˣ˾˵ʱ˵оͿˡ
ֻǣҪΪӵİȥʫˣǿô
Ҳ˵˼Ѿٹ̵˲᲻ῴ͸һ㣬ԼȥȰ˵˲Ҳûʸ
ϾԼֻһƽ񣡣
ԣڰ⣬ַȻ֪İ취ȴҲΪֻԺѰҰ취ˡ
ٳ꣬ҲʵĲˣ
ȥһЩ飬ַҲԼķգΪһǰѾϵƿĿǰټڱѧԺȥǾѾûκˡ
ԣַҵ޲أ˽ıҵʸ
Զ޲˵ôһַоѹǿΪһɹӱѧԺҵôͲܼסȥˣȻǰ;һƬãϾһǶԼҪ뿪ˣ
ò˵ദַ԰ݳ˾Ȼ޲ض˵鲢ԤַĵȴһԱ̶ܴ밲ݱһξ롣
ҲַᵽۺʹһĸӸоǰ޲ҵʸҲΪ֮£ûȥݴк
ǣ޲˵ˣǰȻҲͻֻ֪ǣ޲ػôԼأ
ַвɵЩ㷲
ַϣ޲Լ뷨֮˼ĵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôҲû˵ݵ飬һַͬ룬֮󣬱ַ˵һ䣺ǵ׼ʱμӡ
ַ޲ص鷿гʱ鲻ɵЩ㱣ȻѾ˱ҵַ㲻׼ٶ룬Լͻصȥˡ
û¸κˣص֮ɸøʲô͸ʲôֻǣһ˱ˣȴ˰ݣûһĹַĴšءһ¾ͱƿ
ſڵģȴǸոմ޲еõϢİݡ


ʮ ҵ
ѧԺΪ۹ѧԺڱҵϣҲѧԺ
ѧԺõƱҵҲ˵ѧԺһʱ䣬ֻҪһȼħħˣȻȻܱҵˣֱҵƵĺôѧԱԺڼ䲻̫ѹҲ¶ȱ㡪ǾѧԱѷ
ѧԺȴ̭ͬƵıҵƣҲ˵ÿļѧԱΪԼԱҵˣǾͿȥҵʸ񣬶ʸҲɹģҲҪһʵܣɹרŵʦͳƣȵҵıŻὫЩȫ
ЩͳڵѧԱͻڹ̶ʱгǩһѧԱд裬ʤһһֱӱֱ̭ʤǰʮŻñҵʸ񣬲ֻҪɹǰʮͲټбˣҲ˵ǰʮѧԱٽд裬ٱԳνĵһڶʮ
Ⲣû꣬ǰʮñҵʸڽһʱڣᱻֳ飬ÿʮˣѧԺλʦķֱ֮£̤ϼԭɱһֻԼȼħޣʦļල֮ȡħˣֱÿڵѧԱȫõħ˺ſԷرѧԺ˵ÿڵʮѧԱȫõħ˲̷رѧԺɹҵǣֻҪڵκһѧԱòħˣǾͲܻط
ֻǵһֵд裬ͻˢһʵѧԱֱҵı׶ˣΪѧԺߵ޲ȴôΪԣҪ֪ѧԺҵĿĲֻʵҲеһ֡
ɱħޣŶӺľ񣬲ǰʮѧԱԳʵĸߵͣĿҲڴˡ
ܿܣ鵽Ķ֮ʵĵһڶʮҲܿܵһڶһ𣬺Ȼһ϶ҪǰһռƣϾǰһҪȥɱħ޵ʱʵȻ»ܶ࣬ԣǰʮҲΣַķʽľŶӺ
СѧԱǳɹĻصѧԺҵʱ򣬽ҪԵǻҵļ
˵֮ô˽뱣ѧԺ޷ǾΪĿģֻҪܵõҵļǰ;ȻһƬ
۹ʷĺܶͳ죬ǽǴӱѧԺƽ
ҲƽΨһĳ·
һҲΪ۹עʵѪҺҲһõ۹ǧûзѳȻʷɳֹң򲻶עѪҺԵʣúܶ෴ߵĸȣնǻȡʤ
˵һĺܸ
ֻǣһѧԺƶҲɭϣܶѧԱҵʸûУ˳ɹҵҲòҵļϾÿļҲޣ
òҵļҲõļȻֻ֮Ϊ˽ϾΪѧԺҵѧԱڴϣҲѧԺ߳ѧԱȵġ
ԣȻѧԺңÿҲѧԱǰ̵ı
һžڱѧԺǣÿıҵʵޣҲ˺ܶδҵѧԱ
ⲻҪֻҪܽ뱣ѧԺʮڻûгɹҵĻҲֱӽ۹ľţҲǡ䡱ˡ
ԣѧԺġԴδѷ
ȻЩѧСڴС
ַڱѧԺס꣬ȻЩ涨ΪϤĿǰʵҲõıҵ⣬ԶڱҵϣҲûжѹѹģǾǰˡ
ʱַֻаݺַˣ˿ϹŹֵı֮ʱͺʶȤ뿪ˣƬռȫȫˡ
˿ַ̣ɫӣʱ䣬ԭͰ͹µıø񻣬µΪԵʣϣҲֳһֻгŮ˲Żӵеʡ
ַ翴žϤףָӵɫ̲סһᣬǿгһ˿΢ЦǸݡ
Ϊʲôǰң̾һԴһڣٴνĿַϣƽûʲôñǸģ֪뿪һ졣
ַһ̲סǰݡ
ǣû˵꣬ݱһ΢ЦֱӴҲҵˡ֮Ҫ뿪ҾҪ㣡
仰ЩƮᶨַڶеĳطڻһ㣬죬ȴû˵ʲô


ʮ һɲ
ʱ䣬ַľٶЩ仯Ȼ޲Ĭ밲ݵĽɱϾѧԺԼһҵ߳ѧԺ˵ԼʵõҵƸӦҲһ£ԼԺгΪ۹߹ٵ޲ؿðݼ޸Լô
ңԼѹ͸ôһ·
޲ؾ͸ûðݼ޸Լˣ
ԣַЩȻһֱûоܾݣûеף
ǣݵ仰ַ̲סһȻ֪ݵ仰ʵֵĿԺСף޲شҲ˰ݵ⡣
ǣַӵס˰ݣû˵κλݷ·ҲΪܴ˿̵ַĻı۾
ʱıĲַֹһˣҲ֮ǰˣܶʱǰַ粽ƣЩ飬ÿڽҲá
һƬС֮࣬ӵһ𣬷·𾲾ĵȴĩյ٣һ̵


ܿ죬ת֮Ѿ˽ñҵʸѧԱʱ䣬ʱѾɽ˺ҵѧԱŹۿϵûԼûбѧԱҲĴǰȥ
һʱ䣬Ⱥֱͼһ
֣ͨҵ˾Ȼô࣡ǰĳѧԱɻѯ
ǰҪһɣԵͬͷһ䡣
ҵʸȻܼҵģһζ쳤˵һ䡭
Ⱥʱһš


ңͨˣͨˣ
ĳͨҵѧԱ˷ܵĺ˳仰ܿûҵ˺С
ֱ
ȺдһȵŶ죬İСȻҵˣ
һ󣬵ȴĴÿ˵ĶУȺ˲䶼
ţȺٴαը
ʲôСȻڽҵˣ֪˭˵һڡ
ҵ죬Ҹҿ϶СʵڽҵѧԱλеһ漴˳ϡ
ǰСȻô궼ûг֣ƾţºְɣ
ǺڴС񾿾ʵ
һ̣ȺΪϳֵġݡֳ׽˸߳
͵ﵽΪеʱһٶȴȺ𣺡ǡСΪʲôѡڽҵأ
˲䣬ֵȺȴٶȴ
žƬֱ̣ĳѧԱ쿴ûǸСķļһ
һ˵ص㣬ΧǰŵѧԱͿʼɴ۾Ѱ
ܿ죬һѧԱͼָеһ־ҿ쿴ķҲıˣ
£˳ѧԱָȥܿˣĿˡķ֡
ֲðСҲˡĳλѧԱȻ
ǰû뵽ķҲˡѧԺɣаһ˿ʣһ˿̾Ľ
͸ҵ˵ʵ׾ͶǿĳѧԱ̲סʳеɻ
֪ӦûаСǿɣԱߵѧԱܲȷҡҡͷ
Ӧòɡķʵ簲СĻǰСôῴأĳλʵΪ𲻶ðĴͷʱ˷
ǡĻȴ⵽˵İۣΪ˵Ĵͷһ¶֪ӡ
ͷû˵ע⣬ܿ죬ѧԱǵĻٶΧưݺַչ
ֻǣȺУһֱĬĬΧѧԱۣҲڣҵԼ֮󣬾ԵļȺ֮С
ǣ˸һȺͿ˶Է
û뵽һҵҲμӡһѯԴ΢΢ȡ
һۣϹŹһ漴Ϊ˿ЦΡȻҲμˡ
ڱѧԺ֮еʱ򣬵۶֮Ķߣ־ɭֵȴƽ
˿̣СԵһ֦һһŮˣһ§סŮʣ죬ŮӵĻгź棬СȲͣҡţһͷ㷢΢档
Ƕһ㣬ӵһĬĬԡ
֪˶ãŮ̧ԴĿӵϣ촽ʵַ硭ʲôأ
Ůӵĺͷȴ̾ϢһĿתƽĺ棺ݡ룬ϣûһɲ飬Сһǧʼնûзκθı䣬ǧУҪ̽ܣƽ
а
ֱӣһֻ첲סַĲӣһڻڣ۷ʲôȻ뿪Ҷİʼնһɲ䡭
£һٶȴ㷢߸ߴ𣬽ڵ㷢֮Уֻǣһ˫ֿӣȴ͸㷢ڵַϡ
΢Ʈ˺棬Ʈɭʧžɭ֮С
ַǰ˶һӿһ̣ԥͻȻӵ뻳С
ʱŸıľṇ̀ǽ
ϣһɲĲࡣ


ʮһ ӵ¼
ʱĺܿ죬ת֮䣬Ѿ˱ȶһ졣
걣ѧԺҵѧԱҪһ룬ҵʸǺεȵļҡ
ڴ󲿷ѧԱλǰʮѾ˶֡
ȣŵİСе֮һ֮ǰСѾﵽļսʿˮ׼ȻʱַܣʱĿǰжǿʵ˵ҲΪһ⡣
ǣֻȴΪ֮һϾѧԺʷҲֹһ˵ѧԱƽպܵ͵ҵμдʱҲûб˿ãȴһ·ѹȥѧԱҪǣСһ޷ľպһֻħŻӵеĹģһɫŮǰ㻹жٽͷأ
ȻǴ󲿷ѧԱе뷨
˰֮⣬һ˲ǻΪķַ磬ҲǸַͬΣȻˡһλֿˡѧԱ
ֿ˿˵ǱѧԺһ漣
ҲűѧԺе¼
һʸϵѧԱ
ִѧԱ
ùѧԱ
ģѧԱ
һ¼ܼ򵥣ѾֿԺĵʮ꣬ʮԺѾʮˣڱѧԺʷеѧԱ֮Уʸϵļ¼
ڶȻҲö˵ݱѧԺĹ涨ѧԺ֮оòҵʸֻҪʮ꣬ǾͿֱӽ۹ţֿȴûУڱѧԺдʮ겢ڽ似ʦԽ۹ŵʱһмӾܾλʦҷһͨԼŬȡҵʸ
˵ͨͨ뱣ѧԺһǾϸѡѡеЩ˵ȻҲţڱѧԺɹҵĵţʣµһȺѧԱǣȴĽʮķ䡣
ȻҲԼڱѧԺȥֱһƾʵɹҵֻǣ˭ôأң㱻䵽۹ľҲֵһЩССְλϾѧԺѧԱ㲻ܳɹҵ۹ѧԺѧԱǿϺܶģԣֿ˵ĵڶ¼ôġ
˵Ҳûʲôֿ˵ܾʦ֮ĵڶ꣬ͱμ˱ҵд赱Уܲҵľͱˢֿ˲û٣ٴαҵĺܲһʮ궼ûгɹҵǣڵʮ꣬Ҳȥʱɵǰһ
Ϊȥʱֿ˾ȻͻƵ˰˼ˮ׼
˼ӵдսʿʵ½ҲԳΪˣһҵʸ񣬵Ȼٻ£
ǣɫĳڳʱ򡭡ܲҵģڵһֱ֮Уȥĺ
ԷܲмƲֿһۣͬ˰ɫĶֿ֮ʣٵĽ̨ǣֿ˾ͳΪùѧԱ
ڵ¼ԴֿһȺáɫ
ʵɫҲʲôȺãؼƽֿ˼ԲֻҪһȾƣǱԾ¶ҡڵϷͨŮѧԱҴŮѧԱĹ뷿ȻͱŮѧԱĻȥ
ңѵ㱼ָԼĶŮѧԱֺֽУ˵һɧʮļһҲ˵һ̬ȻѧԺҲΣֿȴŽ̲ģԽԽ󣬵һЩǣ¼ȴǴͷԶҲժˡ
һӵа˼ʵļһȥһֺǳɹҵȻֵ
ˣҲΪ˽Ŀ㣡ңܶѧԱŰֿ˳ΪֵĻ桭¼ɣǸʱԾɫİС㣬ֿ˻᲻Ὣһ¼ӳһꡭ
ʱ̫ѾգѵҲֳʮ飬ϻҵѧԱѾ޲صļල֮ɳǩȺŽıԡ
ÿѧԱĺѯߵͬ飬һ֮УһȥЩѧԱĺԿóѧԱᣬҲܽš
Լһеģ
ַ΢ЦѧԱĺ󱳣ͼɢĽţңһû㣿
ķҡҡʹĿַ磬죬ȴֻ³˼֣
ģһɹҵģַָʲô˵䣬㰲οһ䣺۹϶û
ҡȻǽ֡
ַֻ̾һߣ˵Ҫ֪ڵʵѾǿˣֻҪ㲻ҡΡݻǸֿ˵ļһһܳɹñҵʸ񣬶ѾԺкǼˣİɣҪֻţ


ʮ Ѻ
ò˵ַǷƽ֪Ҳμ˱ҵ֮󣬾ͻǵҵ޲أԼ뷨
ַ֪ΪūݣһֱͺԱȻı˲٣ӡǷݱۻǺѸǣַͨԼĲ޲˵ԭҲϾѧԺĹԼһ仰ģ
ԼţԼδͻƵʥ򣬵Լôô
˵ַ統ҲֻǱһԵ뷨ȥ޲صġ
ǣ޲ַĽ֪֮󣬶˵ַͬ뷨⵹ַ⡣
Ȼ֪޲ΪʲôӦôɴ࣬ȻԼĿѾﵽǾͲҪȥ׷ԭˡ
ַ޲ص鷿ȥ֮󣬾Ϣ
Ȼ仰Ѿַһ˵ˣ仰еĽŻ˲٣ǿһҲôĶַ˵ͷһңڰ˺д̨
ַڷ˿Լеĺ룬ϴź̫ϧˣڶд̨Ӧòῴ㡭İɣҽҾͻȥۿıȶһҪԼ
һģ
һΣ֪Ϊַ硰ˡĸִ̼Ϊַһ仰һش൱ɴࡣ
ַ翴¶˾ΥЦݣٴΰο֮󣬾뿪ԣתȺһȥ
Ŀȷǿдվİݡ
ʵ˵ַڵЩȻΪȥ޲ˡסȴûΪԼֵһġôĹ޲ܴӦһѾǼΪѵˣԼԵõôˣ
ĿǰڵĵҲǱʲôǰݣ
ԼݳһĻ֮Уضһѡ˳
еһ˱˳Ƕϣġ
Ͼַ绹ǺϣԼҵ뿪ѧԺ֮ǰ밲ȥԭһʱ⡣
⣬ַҲ˼Լĸݳ鵽һ𣬴Լѡ˳ڱѧԺһǣԼܶ밲ദһֻ꣬ǣۿž˵ԼԽԽԼʵѧԺȥֵòɵһͷۡ
ԺˡӦҲҸݷһɣ
ַ̲ס˼
ֻǣû˼Ƭ̣Ŀͱ˹ȥ
ֻ˿̰ϴŻЦݣڸߵһ˷ܵĲ֪ʲôܴΧҵĻԼ˵̸Ц
ǶȥַĿϲõЦݣǣȴ֪⻹⣬˺ڰĽ
ȻܿЩȴͿ
һ˲䣬ַһ˵ӰЩ֪롣
һ̣ǱضԱӿЩ밲ݹɵʱ⣬һʹȴָо
ѵԼٴصһĸޣ
뵽ַͻȻûһݡ
صôصޣһΣҲҪúõ
и뷨ǣַ㼲˹ȥֻǣߵӽߵʱַȴٴĪһɵӣ
ŰݿֱЦŰЦЩĽֱַоһɬǰһĻַзŵͻȻʧȡ֮ӱܣ
ԼǺαأµȱҵ֮Լ밲ݸˣٴҵϲӦΪе˲Ŷԣ
ͨһ㣬ַĵͻȻָŨŨʧ䡭ϣûһɲô
ǰЩ־ɭСϵǿ·Ŀһ䡰Ҷİʼնһɲ䡱ѵֻô
ŨŨʧʹַ࣬˰ݵıӰһۣȻʹı۾·ҪӰԶļ
գַ绹ѡ˷ڿ갲һ֮󣬾ת塣
ֻǣ߹ȥǶ尲ݵĺ󱳣밲̸Цӣȴÿַ硣
ݷԵֵԼȥɵҲ˳Ŀת˹ȥ
ʱַѾתӣ첽һȥǣݻһ۾ϳַıӰ
иɻԥҪҪַʱԺȴͻȻ޲صݣ
ʶľͳԶ޲صİ˹ȥֻ޲վڰſԶԶԼߵӣɫޱȡ


ʮ 
ѵϣ漴õѧԱѾվд̨ϣÿѧԱ໥ԼĶ֣˿κεиֻҪ̨°Ųеʦһ£˫ԶռȻ
ڶд̨ϣַĬվޱ΢΢ʹԴЩͣ˵ѾЩ
Ҫ֪վд̨ϿɲÿѧԱܻõʸվѾĳɹԣվд̨ϵѧԱĸԼ¶һ˿
ַıƫƫЩȻվһ㣬ֱ۶Щ
ѧԱȻַҪϲ꣬һӣƵ˿Щſ
ѧԱԲϵַ磬ַ˫ۣһ˿м쳰Ц٣СӣôţҲеģ
ַѱͲ࣬ȶΪæͼûۿıҲܲɵı˻ȥ˵̨¸ûַһѡ
һЦʱ̨µһЦ
һЦʱʹ˳ȥ

ʱд̨ϵѧԱѾڲʦĺ֮б˴˱ȶȻЦҲһЩȽϽıȶѧԱУȴͲҷɢֻһЩ̨¹ۿѧԱд̨˼ۡ
ַȴǸûȥһ㣬͵վԭء
СѾɵˣ
пַûзӦָһЦʱ̨±Ц
ٴεĺЦȻѾ˲˵Ŀ⣬ܶд̨¹ۿȶѧԱѾ˹ҪǷʲô飬ֳôĶ
д̨ʦȻҲϵַ磬ȻĵҲ޳еĿϾΪʦһüͷѵһ䣺ףעһ㣬վ
Ŷǣװʦ
ѵ⣬һЩĶ΢΢ַ֮лǳ˲м
̨±ΧѧԱѾԽԽ࣬д̨ΧһˮйͨȺ֮УϳַˣǴһЩҵʸȴûڵһϳѧԱЩ˻ǽüͷЦ࣬Ǹ˺ЦԭһȿϷӣֻ˼ַ磬в²ַʵжǿ
Щסѹһ˲ͷϵĺˮʶľͳԺڵİᴦȥǣãһͿԺ޲ĶԼд̨ԱߵİСҲԼ
һ£һϸ޲غͰϵı飬Ͻתд̨ϣȻ߸ߵ̧Լֱۣʾ̨ϵ׼
׽ƿһƣɫɫŨĳ̶ȣȻѾﵽͻƵ߼ҲңԶˣ
һʵڱѧԺѧԱ֮УѾƵǸˣ
һϵĶ̨²ѧԱѾߺԭϵַҲֳһ˿ԥ̲סЩҡ
ױˣַͬʱҲûɨһ̨£̨ѧԱһɵЦݡ
ʱַѾ΢΢ʹԴ˫۲ͣ¶һ˿Ҳһ˿ʹ࣡
һ׵·ŵĻ棬Сһ̨µ𾴵ʦһʼɣҶȵòͷˣ
£ٴһЦַ㱵ı̲סЩǵãд迪ʼǰضҪȷֵľ״ԱдĹƽԣǣվǵֵסΧԶϵѹ׵ҧҧȻ߾ٵֻ֣Ҵȵд迪ʼ
ΪеĲҲΪƽϢĺң仰ͬʱҲ˶һһ¾Ⱥ֮бըҲͬʱַ˹
һµͬʱѵȵȲ׸һ¾ͳַ˹ȥ
ϣİƺЩƲסԼɫһȥԵ޲ȴһסݣҪ
ǣףַں֣̲סǸиΥ涨
侲ҵŮ޲صǱͲãд裬ҪףȻҲַ֪絽ڸʲô׿϶Ὣˣ
ðɣףݴ˿ƺŭ޲أȻͷѾЭ̲סŵץס޲صļѯԼһ㣬ַ硭㵽ôˣ


ʮ 
ַֻöһ͸оһЩãȻ̧ͷʶľɨΧһȦ
һ̨̣ѧԱԼӵ񣬵ӶֺϣɫΧǳЦ
֮УȻ㸡һʡ
ѵڱ˵ԼôĲô
ѵڰݵУԼҲһЦ
ѵڱ˵ԼһСô
ѵôԼûһô
һֱԼģǳЦ
ЩԼģ׻ʲô
һַֻ̣ޱѹ֣͵ݷľ˵ĳЦô
Ĵ׵Ȼܳһŭ𣡣
һŭǿңѾַеһ㣡
ѾԼǰɫȴǵףַӿһɺ֮ĸо
һ̣Լ֣ʹסȭͷһ貵İ׹⣬ĳŽߵ׻ȥ漴ȳһȴֳص
֣ϣҲһ֤һ̣ȴһصÿ˵Ķߡ
ֵ׻ûüַĶͻȻеһʹţӱ㲻ܿƵ󵹷ɳȥ
ء
ֻоһתһۣȻǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
̶̵һ˲䣬Ǵһ㣬Χ۶д̨ˣŲеʦԭء
ÿ˶ǰĽÿ˵һҲɵһ£
Ǹ벻ǸļһǸȥŵĲļһȻȻһоͽӵ۷ʵ׸ˣ
ңǰɫĶһôҫۣ֤ʲô֤ʲô
ÿ˵жֺ֮ĸо
д̨ϻƵӰ֮⣬Ƕڴһ㣡
ϣŵһ£ɵĺһ޲صҲһɣվһԣһֱڽŽżϰأ˿˫Ҳվ˵ϡ
һ̣ƺûٻȥעѾһԵף˵Ŀ⣬۽̨ǸɫӰ֮С
Ϊ˵ַ磬ڻӳһȭ֮˲٣ջԼ֣Ҳȫİɫջء
һַȻе֮һյһֿյĪҲһ˿֮ȥĳء
̧ͷĿɨ̨ȺڣΧԼ־㵵ȴһɺЦĸо
ǰһ̣ǵУһһǳЦСһ̣ǸӼһλþ͵ߵ𡭡ѵϵˣƱô
һ˲䣬ַͻȻһŨĿɬٽĿѧԱǵϣһȻתͷȥԶǸϣ
еİݸһͻȻ㿴ϵַŤͷԼһֻ̣ǿҵĹâԼԼͶãҲеһ󲻰ĸо
ʶģԼ۾ɵٴпȥʱȴַ粻֪ʲôʱѾջĿ⣬תĳ̨ȥ
뵽һǿҲݲɵó޲ؿ˹ȥʧǣ޲صϣֻһüͷȴûеõκδ𰸡
һ˲䣬ݵﲻǹ졣
УַѾд̨ʱΧ۵ѧԱڷӦ˹ֻǣϷԵһĻһ㣬Ȼַ粽ĵطȺһóһ·ĬĬԵע֮Уַ绺Ű˺д̨ķȥ
ֱıӰʧȺ֮УʦڻعɫѿҲ˲һߴĹʦһ߸ϽܵһԵߡ
ʱ׹ϵõһȺҲٳ嵽ԣЩ˵ϣǵ֮⣬ȴԵķŭһæżĿѯʵʦ׵ôˣ
ѧԱЩ֪Ϊ£ǵԼûΪ
˵ĿҲķ׵ϣȻûпڣȴֱе뷨ʱȥ̽Ƿ񻹻ŵûС
ֻеѹȰοЩ˼䣬ǽŵĿʼ׵塣
һʱ䣬׵ΧϢ񾲴
ùڲһѺɵ˵һ䣺û£ֻ˹ȥղѾйʦˣǴȥɡ
ͬʱﲻּһ䣺֡һлɲһΣȴûܵκʵԵ˺ôģ
ţվԶԶĳַʧǸȥ


ʮ 
ʱַѾ˰˺д̨ΧֻҪȺܿдˡ
һ·ϣַѹֵвЩпԭĿǰŰ˼ʵҲ׻ɲҺ˵ĻΡ
ڷŵʱ׳嵽ԼǰһɲǣֻоԺһƬʶľͳ׻ӳһȭ
д̨ʱȴϸƷζ˷һ˲ĸо
ͻƵ˼ʵַܾ֮ǰ飬ΪһʱûκνڱƲ֮˱ҵ˼ĶҲЩ⣬ǸԦйأ˼ˮ׼ʱľȻǡԣ
Ҳ˵ַĶӵпԵԣ
һڽսϿ˵ӵкܴƣҲɷ׵Ľ֡
ַ粻ɵϸ𷽲ŵϸ
Ȼŵһ´һֱԵʶַֻǵõʱĴ£ԼѾû뷨һֻ뽫ей֮£ڵĶ͵һԴԴϵĻ۵ȭͷ֮У
ֵǣַȴܸоһǸѹһڶɢ״̬ǵãԼȭͷӴ׵һ̣Ѿڣһ̣һǿҵĴ
ɴҲϤԼӲϵ˳ĸо
ǣԼӳһȭڤڤзĳֹ켣һ㣬׵ľƿĻԼĶȴһ¾û׵ڣ
ַ绹оԼĶ׵֮һ˵ı죬ֱȻͣȴ߳һ¾ͳ嵽׵Ĵ֮УȻĹģȴӵƻһ㣬һ𵴣ֱ״ʱԣԣַԤϵ׻ԵԤףɵд̨
ҲףȻǱԼ˳ȥսʿǣˤһ¸ͲʵԵ˺ԣַŶԻԹȥײܲʣתʧȺС
ǰַҲһЩãһеľôôһ۷սʿ޷֮ͱΣ
ַֻ⣬ҲȻˡ
˵Ļַһ൱깥ֱӹ꣡
˵֮ô׾ͱܣԭǴں޷ʶ֮µ״̬
÷ַһУǸͲǰֽ֣
Ȼַеļ裬ļػǲģ磬ʥ֮عĻںڰħУҲŲٲٿرħֻǣַھԣǱԼ˴񾭲ŻԵġ
ֻǣһʶ״̬»ģڣһεĻԼҲѰ𵽻׵Ч뵽ַвɵøеЩź
һźҲڸ̴һЩ
˲䣬һȵԼȥʱһҪúоһһеܣ
ҲССľַһЩҲڰݵӰ֮תעĻᡣ
ֻȻЩеϣԼܸϽȥоڻУǰУ
ΪҪǹۿд裡
ȻΪַѾþ˼Щڵ״̬ϾūӰӲΪԼļ仰ܳʧ
һ̨д裬ҲϵδķչңһԣϵԺǷܶԼģ
ַ緽Ѿᵽֱ޵ζԣһ̣Ҳ᳢ζһֱԱҪõĵʱ򿴲֧֣
ԣַЩͲס飬оһеܷ·㲻ʲôˣ
ӵȺŶ߸ָ᲻һַۣһѹסĵĸӡ
Ŀڰ˺д̨ϵʱһ뿴һĻǷˣ
ԭ˶д̨֮⣬д̨Ѿʼд裬ȵַױϣд̨ѴȻ죡
ַּһ·д̨˫ʵٵҲѾϣֻʣһЩʵ޼д̨ڽбȶ
Ȼ˺д̨ϵʵַ׾ܴ˵ĶϷֱǵĵȼ
ȥڷܿ̿ѾͻƵսʿˮ׼ȻĿǰнףڵ䣬Ѿѵˡ
϶Ũ̶ȣȻѾҪͻƵ۷壬Ȼڶֻǿôһ㣬λѧԱսļϺϣԶԶܱģ
ַ翴ĵһۣڵϣʹಢһĶ֣ȻûнȴȵվԵĲԶȫŨĻɫһɽһ㣡


ʮ 
ַ翴һĻĵѹҲһԣ̨ϵ󺰵ôˣ
һΪżԭ˶Χըһʱ䣬ѧԱǷ׷ײĿֵַ磬д̨ǸҲֵַһۡ
ַ粢ںЩûʲôӦٴκһ䣺㵽ôˣվ
һΣ˺д̨ʦҲüͷĿַһۣڶκһãֻԭʹԴ΢΢̧ͷλƵĳַķһۡ
ַ翴Ķиһϲǣע⵽ƺЩѣɵдһŭ𣬳д̨Ķֺһ䣺쵰㵽׶ʲô
ʱԭۿַȶһЩѧԱѾַ˰˺д̨ҲַܺΪʲôûлȥϢҲ͸ֻǣЩַ磬һξ룬ֻǣЩ˸߹ַŭһʱ䣬Щ˵вɵöһͷѵкϷʼˣ
ֻǣһ仰ĶЩãȻ˿ֿ˿ַ磬ָԼ˵һ䣺Ŷ𣿡
𳳣˺д̨ʦڿȥˣһ߳һߴѵһ䡣
ʦһңַԴʱ˹ʶԼЩ嶯ˣһ˵ǱǸҳ嶯ˣллûʱд̨
ŶûʲôĶƺûڽһ䣺ֻһд裬ֲΪѧԺԱ֮ܳΣأҪ֣ܶҲ
һ仰˵ƽ£ѾתƵϣɰڵأû̾˿˵ѣ㻹ɣҽпͶڽĽвʵĻԺʱҡ
ûжķӦƺĳ״̬֮Уַ˿ɵЩ⣬΢΢һЩøУ࿴ۡ
ֻһòȴǷһ˫侲ҹգ˴п뷨
ǣַԼڵȻжԿЩøУǱҪվһߣûʲôӦٴκһڸʲôϱѹ˶ôʱȥ
һ仰ãԭЩҡεסˣ
һɵÿͶЩ⣬ԭ˵ʵʵ󣬿Ķ÷ŻЩɵ˷ƣ׼ʱֵĹ
ַȻҲǿı仯һϲٴκһ䣺Ҫһֱ룬վҪ֪ûܹ赲ǰĽŲ
һ仰ɵ̨ϵĿͶЩüתͷƲһַ磬ȴͻȻоǰһ󾢷磬ʶģһƣ
ʱڵϵʧΪڸղţͻȻӵԾ𣬻ŨĻɫһȭͳͶ˹ȥ
ֱҵдǲЯģȫҪԼȭͷȻѧԺʹ÷ʽ뼼ɣҵдʱ򣬿û֮µս
дģʽҲ̸ʱĻһ£¾͹Ͷһģ˿еشһȫ˳ңͶûлܹȥ
ǣڵд費ʹȻһ±ľˣÿͶ˹ȥͶܵͬʱҲһԴ
ȻֻǻеһȣһȱϾӵսʿʵĴĻȻܲ˶ô˺ҲϺһӣ
ǣͷ·ûпһһ㣬ǵӭȥֻȭͷҲͬʱĳͶٴȥ
ء
ͶĽżȽӴգǿĳƫ˼֣ǣȴûʹгȻ΢΢ҡһӣȭͷҲѾ˿Ͷ䣡
Ͷ﷢һƺߣæٻ˿̾˷֮һ㣬ͶȥҲԼ״̬Ļᣬһ´ӵϵȥ׷ᣡ
ͶȻһ˲Ϊαôڸ룬ոŤתĹѾٴ
һΣͶһƲ֮£ֻ첲ٶѹһ¸첲ϵĶӲӲĽһ
ǴӵϵһȻҲ˵ĹȻͶֱϵĶѹæ֮Уѹ֣
ǣ˽Ӵһ̣ͶֻһɴӲɵóһԹȥ
ֻǣԭд̨Ͳ󣬶Ϊ˶Ĺд̨ıԵһ¾޴ĳٴǱĹȥֻôһ㣬ͻ̨ȥˣ
ֻҪ̨ⳡд͵Ϊֹˣ


ʮ 
ò˵ϣĲһҶ־ʵıݣϣǳ֮Ѫ
ڵĳһ㣡
Χд̨ΧѧԱ޲˷ܵĺ˳˭뵽ԭʤѾĽȴʱϮˣ
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˶ΪϮ󺰣һʱ䣬ձ˸֮߳У
˵ϣȴʱͣӣĿ˿Ͷһۣһֵ𾴵Ķ֣Ҹе硣˵ģҪ㣬Ҳ㣬лл֮ǰҵǴλᣬһΣһˣıԣһԼȫ
һ仰˵Ĳ˵һ䣬ͺһơ
˵һ˲ɵЩ⣬˲һ£ַҲ뵽ƽԱɬȻ˵ôһ仰ͶʶĴһ¡
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һ̣Ͷʹһ˿ůһЩĪĸжԴԼļ֣һǶϣõԼֶӭջ
˵ŵĻֻΪͻȻıЩûзӦһĵѾָѵ״̬
Ĵԭվһûж˵ʲôһơ
˲䣬ٶȻص˶Գ״̬һдոտʼһ
˺д̨ŲеʦҲ·һ̽״̬߸߾Լһֻ֣Ȼ£Ҵ󺰵ʼ
ڻµһ̣ͿͶ˲ͳԷȥ·һдʼ
ڣд̨ϵѧԱǻѾʤʤ⣬ңЩԭۿѧԱǣҲΪŴĸߺʼ˺д̨ۼ
Ȼڵľۼûٴνţ˿̷·Ѿȫľеѷ˿Ͷϣ
һײд̨м䱬ը
˵ʵ޼ⴿĵһγײ˫ûռٱˣԱĺٴα
ǣһξǱһһ㣬ƽֻᱻȴʱͶȥǱŨɫȭͷĿֱָͶľ䣡
ϣһƵһ㣡
Ͷֻǽ΢΢һαͶ˹ȥͬʱҲԴĻӳһȭ
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ǶôһּĶķʽֻǣ֪Ϊʲôڴ˿ͻȻʹöҲͻȻÿͶûԤϵգ֮䣬Ķ׼ȷľ䣡
ء
һײ𣬿ͶͱɳӳȥȭͷҲƫ˼֡
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Ȼ䱻ĶУͶϾҲлûܵʲôʵԵ˺ǿǰһιѾ㲻ȥͶֻҧӲӲסһι
ǣһûʲôһ㣬׵ľͱͶסͲϢĻᣬԴԴϵȥ
ȻÿһιǺܴ󣬵ȴʤٶȿ죬Ͷֻѡ񱻶ȴûʱ
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ǣľҲкôģôһͶѾϰֱľ档
ҲʱͶȥһȭٶͱȷ˼֣
ͶѾϰ˷ŵٶȣһµͻȻо˲Ӧʱݲ룬һ̣ȭͷѾٴ
ֻǣһʹõȲ֮ǰͶԸоһɴĴӦٴιѾ˹
¹ԼӴͶӦ֮½ͳ˻ңץסһ㣬ͶĶңԴԴϵĹȥ
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룬ѰҸõĻᣬͲᣬĶ㿪ʱ򣬸ȥ
͵˿Ͷһ߷һߺˣø෴ƱˣҲԼκκ·
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ַڷΪӮĺʤ˵ʱҲ׼뿪
תҪ߳Ⱥһɲ۽ǵ鵽˿Ͷд̨һĻ
֮ΧĺУַҲͬʱ߳Ⱥ


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ͶûΪһεʧܻɥվ̨¶΢Ц̨żִ㵡ϲżֵʧ
һΣȻˣȴû˶ѹһֵοǻΪϣõһֿ϶
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һ˲䣬һĪżͻȻĿűȫϸϸѰַӰʧǣѰңȴҲûܿԼϣǸӰӡ
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˿ַ̣绺ɭֵУǲ෹йһ㣬ĿΧЩ·بŲľȴоЩ㱡
ַ֪Ѿɭһ˿־Сԡ
˿̣棬Щ΢紵úˮԵòԡɭ֣ĺ治ɵַ۾ôź棬еĻͱһᡭ
ϡǵãҲԼֹ
ϡǵã˾Լ뿪
ϡǵãһҹԼǸŮߡ
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ַһ£ˮ߸мŵŶĵĺˮȥǿҵıУһ㣡
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С󣬺ַܿ˳Ÿһ飬ֻǣʧǣǸСģ
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ʱַвɵԾ밲뷨Ҳ˲ԺУ
ʱϵİͻȻתߣһ󵨵ľŬͻȻźַ磡֪棡Ȼ㲻Ҿͽȥ㣡
£߸Ծȥ


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ͻı仯ɢַеĵִһ̣Ҳʲôһţԥؾͳзȥ
ͬڿеİ㿴˷Ծַ磬Ȼ׹ȴ˾ϲּɫ
ݣ𣡣
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굱УַѾС˰һ֣Ȼַ˵ʲôȴǳЦݣҲҾ֪һֱ棡
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һУڰݵУȴоͷһ˿ۡ
¶Цݣƺһ˿οҲ֪ҪԵʲôﲻɵ¶޾Ĳᣡ
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һ̡˲Լͬͬʱ۾

ֻǣͬʱ۾һ̣еһᣬָۣеԼѾ˺棡
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һԵҲѾ㵵۾
ʶģַͷȥͿϸ˫ֽԼͰקӴһɫħۣӰƺЩϤħ˱󣬴Ƕȿȥֻܿħȶ˵ɫħʯؿڣȻһöҶʻ£öϣַеһϤĲ
Χڣһεķ罫Լ˵𣬶ӣ˿ץԼˣٵĳ߷ȥ
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ʱеİͱһȴִſϲ磡
ֻǣݵ˿̵沨ĺǾңֻǺ֣ȴҲ˵ַѾо˰ݵˮԼļͷ
ԦȻȲϷĸ߶ȣٶȴȷ˵ˮ밶߽Ͻֻգ֮䣬˾Ѿ˰ߡ
ֻءһ£˶ʱ͵˰ϡ
鷳ҺҲĸ˳ȻĻϼһⱲӿ¶ټˣ
ȻһЦı飬֮ȴһ˿
磡
ʱ򣬰ݷ·ҲƲסԼַ绳ѣһ¾ͶĻУʹ


ʮһ ټ

һ§סݣĿȴַ磺ˣһжȥˣٿȥɾδ÷Цˣ
ĵЦһЩãڳİֹͣ˳ԴȴĻĸˡ
Ȼ˵ַ磬ݵĶַʼ磬һЦõı顣
ַȴʱסˣΪǾ䡰÷򡱣ҲΪϤףΪݴ˿ĻСΪͻȻѧԺʱ밲̸ЦӵӰضպǺϣ
ԭַֻһ֮Եʱ䣬Ϊ˵òϲûиı࣬ԼȴһСӱڵģ
ʱ䣬ѾַнôûڱѧԺԣѧԺһĻûַȷضݣֻǣŰݵһ硱ַĵ׳Ѿõ󡭡
뵽ַﲻɵö԰һǿҵθУ
죬еĿɬȴֻת˳Ǹ
Ŷҵ÷˵ʲôأ
¶º͵Ц⣬ȴⱧԹⲻĺúõһ޲ͣһ˰ֻǸϣôôһúôһ÷أ
ַıԹ֪Լ˼ȴһů¶һ˿ůЦ⣬ϵлл
Ŷţܲ
һ⻰ͱһſԴеİݷվ۾װãţҵʱѾˣڱøϻħܲҲ֪ҪٲȥǸװϼһ϶ҵĹͷģ
˵䣬ȰݻشɿŰ˫֣תɭֵȥ
ǣԻлҪ˵תߣǰ磡
Ŷҵã㻹ʲô飿
ݵĺתӣĵı֮һ˿ƺһ˿֪ģ͵͵ȥѧԺѾϼһܲˣҪǽ첻ϼһ涨ʱϻȥԺͼˣ
硣
ƺЩֹԥһ£תȥҧҧʵһֱܰġ
ң
ݵ仰һһ㣬ƺЩһ֮гһΣҾͲȥҳΪһħʦҡ
˵һ䣬Ȼ̾һˣҲ˵ˣڱҪˣ
˵ţתӣ첽ɭȥ
磬ʲôʱٻң
ŽȥıӰʳԼҪ˵Ļ
ԭһ£һߣһߴİɣɹҵһ죬һ׼ʱֵģУϣܾμ÷Ļ񣬹
ıӰҲʧɭֵУݴԶȥıӰĬĬԡ
ַҲҲȥҲħʦʧĵط˵
ãַǰƺǲַĶվԭתӣַ硭
Ǹݡַ翴ˮȴǿջЦŵİݣͽӵ˻Уһһ߲ͣض˵һЩǸĻ
ַ磬㾿ôˣҿд̨ϵı־ر㡭ݴ˿ҵйһٴοһַ˵ѧԺҲ֪϶˿־ɭ֣㵽ôˣΪʲôںǲԸҡ
Բ𣬰ݡ
ʱַֻһĵǸǿҵӵĸˣҺĸ缰ʱ֡Ȼһʹһӵġ
ַһ䣬ݵĳֹͣĴַĻѣһʧĵطڵϵͷѹҲܴΪ˼ʹֻܱȥһħʦ
ȥһħʦ
ʱַвɵһɹŹ֡ħʦǶְҵݻҪ߳Ľ˶뵱ħʦ磬ȻǱȵģ
ֻǣԲڴ϶̸ͷ˼һͻȻַַ磬Ժʲô飬ڵһʱ͸ңô
ŰݽǿɫַвɵһͽһߣֿŰݣһԣҴӦ㣬ԺҾ㵣ˣ
ַƽҲû˵ʲôΥXXĺ׳ֻǣ˿ϣһֶص˵˲òȥ
仰ǰӵסַ硭
˵ϣͬǵһů


ʮ ǰʮ
ոµһ죬һ죬̫ոʱλڵ۶ıѧԺڵѵϾѾۼ˲ѧԱ
ñҵʸѧԱһʮһְ˳ļҽѾ̭ҵһѧԱ˵վд̨ϵģӵһʵѧԱ
ĵһд裬ѧԱ۸ͬʱҲѧ˲ٶ
ȣһֱԵĵһУΪķѧԱһлֵܶѾѧԱڴķзͷȵַ磬һ֮󣬻вѧԱķַһԱȣͬ밲СЩصϵķУֻʱͻƵ˰˼ˮ׼ַ绹ŵĻ˵ܳΪУ
ͬյһĳķ֮⣬пͶˣ˵ʵڽһҵҲϳɫ˳ԭȴΪǵʵΪǵļֺ
һ֮˵״޲ظǳȴǴ˵ľ񣬲ѧԺʿ򣬸˿Ͷ٣ΪѧԺѧԱһҪֿɹľơ
˵˵̶ܴҲΪ޲صŴǵġ
ĵһд֮⣬ڶд趼ûжٿ㣬дĽҲڴ󲿷ѧԱ֮Уһֱλʱֵĵĳʱֿ˵ϳֽմһ߳
һαҵд裬ֿڲһùƾ˼ʵɵĴ˵һйϢ͸¶ֿӮһ֮˷ֱܵ˹ȥʱ򣬳ҸеֱӺһľơһΣȵ̫ˣûֳʲôЦֱӳ˯˹ȥ
յһд裬ξ߼н׵ʵıӮ˴󲿷ֹڵҪǣķһƾʱ߼н׵ˮ׼ѧԺʷϣҲϺŵģ겻лΪķַĻζȻᲩ˵
ŵĵڶһΪ񡱵ѧԱʱ˵ע⣬߼۷ʵѸپͻ˶֣ⲢѧԱעص㣬صǣϳʱʵʵҲһŰɫߣֻ¶һ˫۾Ȼĺʵڸǲ߶ݵġ
һնʱҲﵽ˶㣬ΪһϳѧԱУŰС㡣
˵ܶ˹ۿһд裬ĿľڵȴС㡣
һðС֮⣬ҪǰСĿǰʵ
ҪСͱŵĴС㣬֮ǰĴСĿǰʵεģ
ҲûЩʧһ̨չ¶ֻеսʿˮ׼֮ŻӵеİɫĶһ϶ɫɵۣȲʦд迪ʼͺʶȤд̨
ǣݵٶȴǣ
ڽ糿̫ûʱѧԱǵлԴ˽̸߻һ˷ܵĲ¼ɰݺķ᲻ᱻֵһֵһĻƲȥ˵Ĺϵ˵˭ʵǿһ㣿

μдѧԱȻҪһ룬ۿдѧԱǵ鲢û˽֮ͣոʢ
˶ַ밲ܳһͬһд̨ǣȴʧˡ
ĳճΪﶼûһ
ȣַĶһн׵ѧԱѧԱڿԼַһ֮󣬲ȵ̨ʱ䣬ⳡ
˵ѧԱʶȤ֪ԼսʿʵĲ࣬ĽȻַûκӰ졭ɨ˲ѧԱ¡ǻ뿴ַһнֻܵĳأ
ܲһʵԼ΢һЩѧԱɵľӮ˱
κֿˣҲɳΪӮңֵһǣԼòȴ˵ֿˣΪĶ־ȻûϳǣΪ˷ܹȳһЩóԵĶڲסһҹ˽ϵʱ򣬸·ûˣƲ֮¾ֻܷд衭
һϳֻĶûǸʶȤȻݵӵ۷ʵɲǰݵĶ֣ûغϣͱݺд̨
ˣ󲿷ѧԱͨսʿսʿ
ʮ˵ԾԵЩˣѧԺ֮԰ŵôҲԭģΪ޲˵սǲϢĻģ
ǣÿһľнѧԱò
ʮǰʮҵʸıȶȴ֮ǰıԸӾʣ˶֪ʱˣҲȫóԼĿұ¡
ֻйʧǣ󣬰ݡַ硢ֿӵдսʿʵҲûг鵽һֻǣ˵Ķȴǵ˴ù
˵ߵһֵѧԱĸʵǿˣòۿʤǰȴԼĶ־ȻǴսʿ
ַһһ仰ù飬ǼֱǣԲۣ
ʵַ硢ݺֿ˳һѧԱֻ˵ùڲʺεľֱ֮ѡ˷
һ֣ҲھѧԺǰʮñҵʸˣ


ʮ ͱ
ҲڵǰʮñҵʸѧԱϣһһȫԺҵף޲ص֮¿ʼٿ
˵ףᣬҲ˵ͱᣬΪһϣñҵʸǰʮѧԱͻ̤ϱԭԭˡ
ԭħ޲ͬڱԭΧħͨһǻۣҵȼձϸߣ˵ΣյһطֻҪܴԭǾ½ϵáľסˡ
ֻǣѧԱǵĿԲǾǵľסأǼԭΧｫʦļල֮ɱһֻԼȼħޣȡħ޵ħˣ
ֻǣԭĸߵħޣһȥȻޱȣԲעͻɥ
ѧԺʷϣҲкܶñҵʸ˼ԭԶʧȥҵᡭʷϻвʦ
˵ûһʦϣԼȥӣ
ⳡͱĿҲڴˣΪñҵʸǰʮѧԱٿҲΪʦٿ
˻˵ȻԭôΣգӵʦǰʮѧԱֲɵӣǴ뿪ѧԺ֮ѡװ
طħ޵ħˣͲȥǸ˵ļԭ
ǡֻҲֻûнѧԺ˲Ż˵ڡ
Ϊͱٿ֮ǰʮѧԱӵʦÿ˶õһƷһδ֪̽ˮ
ǵڶһ׼֪̽ˮᱻڿʼ·ʱҲ֪̽ˮ֪̽ˮþڼල
߹·̣֪̽ˮм¼ң֪̽ˮ¼ı仯ԼǷ񾭹ɱ
һеӰ񶼻ᱣУЩ˻ʱħһѧԺѧԺ֮ͨĻñҵʸ
ÿڱѧԺѧԱϵһÿ֮ͻ׵ģ
˵ȥԭ޿ɱ⣬Ҳ޷ף
һͱҲûбʲôݣΪ˱ѧԱǵĹףԺ޲ڿʱܻὲһЩĻ֮󣬱ǰѾԻˣ
ǣͱΪݵĲμͱòͬ޲Ȼ˵Ļͬһĳ滰ϾغԼŮ֮вɵҲһء
ΪʵԽǿΣҲԽ
ӵа˼ʵҪɱһֻ˼ħǾҪѧԺ뼫ԭ
ͬӵа˼ʵַֿˣҪԵҲ
˵һҵʸѧԱг˼ʵĴսʿѧԺһ󽾰ͬʱһȡıҵʸҲѶһΣ
ַ˱ֵͬһ飬ѶȵϵֻܼͣҪַ˼սʿ漴ʱֿԱٵΣֽٴ
޲ػ˷ֿô
ʵϣ޲ΪѧԺ쵼ˣѾֵȨףΪ˰ݵİȫ룬ڡ漴ǩбԵĻ֮ǰѾ˶Բߣ
ӦַǸȻҲ޲صĿ֮С
Ȼ뼫ԭŶӵĺ˴İŶһжٵĬ
ǣ޲رӦַ󣬲ÿԵĻҲʵ޼ˣĿľҲñҵʸ񣬲Ҽ뵽ַڵС֮УһŶӵϣҲѧԱĬ
սʿ޲ظûַֿһ𣬳ɹϣҲӲ٣Ϊݸ׵޲أĲأ
׵Ӱ졭ȨԵ磬޲м˸ҳָӵйĵλҪӵʥʵ
ûĸ˻ȥɵײ޲أ
޲Ϊ˱ӻûнйס
ֻǣ׵Ϊһֱڰнš
޲һ׵Ϊ֮УҲһ˵Ĵæ
Ǿ
ϣ˵˷ܵһϣͨһε飬ҵţҲһλһϵáɾ͸С
ΧԼͶĽĿ⣬ɵøоȣ鲻Խľ͵Դ벻һӶǿԼҲл죡
ַ缤ԼԼڵһ־Ѿʧȥʸ˰ɣ
һ̣ɵóԶӦѧԱַ翴һַۣʵıӰвɵһŨů
ͬʱҲɵøӶԼĸм
ûԼˣԼҲûн뱣ѧԺʸ񣬸Ӿûнĳɾͣ
뵽Լˣ̲סٴӿޱߵ˷ܡ֪Լڶ̶̵ʱھ˳ӱѧԺҵӦûر˵Լɣ
˵˻һأ
һʱ䣬в·𿴵δԼɹķѧԺվڻļ˵ǰԺľܾļǸ
뵽ɵúٺЦ
ֻûע⵽СΪʱеѧԱǶѾľƱ
һϣ˶Ĭûἰԭ飬ͬҲûͱʱֲᣬӭӿʤһ㣬˻Ц


ʮ ִﱱԭ
ò˵һСĺܡˡ
ΪһĳԱͶĳԱʵܴ
һñҵʸѧԱУߵӵа˼н׵ʵ͵ֻףⲢҪģҪǡӵа˼ʵѧԱͬһ
ڴѧԱ˵֮еġ
ֻǣҲˣۺʵһΣһԱУʵ͵ֻףʵߵĲҲֻ۷壬Ҳ˵һԱʮ˵Ŀ궼ͳһֻҪɱʮֻħޣȡʮħǾɱε񣬶ħ޴󶼳ڼԭΧΣյϵϣС飬ֱֵһᣡ
ԣһԱʦҲоϵѹ˲٣ֻǣܳΪҵѧԱʦʵҲǰ˼
ĳԱȴպ෴ڶУʵǿֿѾ뵽˰˼н׵ĲΣʵ͵ȴнס
ȻʵǿѧԱʵѧԱֻĵȼͻƵսʿˮ׼֮ͻƵսʿˮ׼֮ǰȫ
ڶϣǶϣ
˵Ҫɱħ޵ʱֿһһоͿɰ㶨ֿҪɱħ޵ʱͰﲻʲôæ
ԣ֧ĶϾַֻ硢ݺֿˡ
һѾǡҪȥɱħ޵ʱ򣬱뻹ͬʱʣµѧԱ
ҲҺãӵа˼ʵѧԱҲˡķһҲʹӸϼһԱѹ̶ϼǿ˶Ա
ڶԱġԡθӵʦ޲ԵָѧԺӵǿʵʦϰء
ͬϷϷ䣬Ҳܴᵽһ˿ů⣬Խߣܴ̼ϺӾҡ
һĸ·ʱ䣬ѧԺʮ˵Ķڵִ˾뱱ԭһСϡ
ȻʢģıȴҪϷĶ컹ҪϺ˴ƽĵѱһıѩǣߵټǰȥĻƥͲܼΪǴˡ
ֻǣľɫˣһƬѩףɵøյִ˴ѧԱ˺һ
ʱѾ˰ʱ֣ѩ׵Ĵ֮ҲϦĹһɫůھ뱱ԭģΪС򡱵ϣʮɵĶһӦϺһѰſԽ޵ùݡ
Ȼʮÿ˶һʵסڵ۶ǣǺͻȻӦ䵽ÿ˲ɵҲ˺¡
һ紵֮󣬻˲ʶؽ˽Լ졣
ǼôĵطȺѾ˵Թ
ǰϰȺƲһ̧ۣͷɫ̾һĹɢڿк󣬲Ŷһòӵ˹ʦҾܵﱱԭӾֿɡףǺˣ
ʵϣ꣬ԱĶʮǸͲֿģֻÿԱֻԼɱħްˣһļҲ͸һ㡣
ȴǲͬԱȫͬ״ϰҲûбҪһԱԼСһ֮˵仰ҲǱһ̬ȡǲǣȥġ
˹ȻҲϰصĻǿһԵЦݣһҲףǺˡ
ֻǣ˹ƺԸٶ˵˵֮˵ͷȻȻתȥĶһԱӣߣ
ҲѧԱǲԸ˵ʲô仰ĬĬ˲ӣվ˹ԡ
еһԱ֮˹ϰһۣһ۶Ա֮еİݣתӸһĳԱǴһƣ̧ǰ˵һ
ڶԱĬĬע֮£һеĳԱʧǵֱǽԶһùݡ
ʱϰתӣϸϸɨһ¶ԱڶİݺַͣƬ̣ڲȺмΪ񡱵ѧԱͣһ£ܶϳֵֶǰ;ã뵣ǣڰοһ䣺ˣСһǣõģǰ沢ûеôֲϰؿԭľ鱣֤ǶƽѧԺġ
仰ո£Ⱥ֮Уһķ֣Ũü۵Ĵ󺺹ɵЦҵǣǲõģΣյʱֿǾԲԹ۵ģ
һɵģ֪ĳҲΪ˰οŵѧԱ䡰οԡĻû𵽶ãһЩѧԱϵĵɫˡ
һֱȺ仰üͷͣ


ʮ 
쵰ΪʲôǸҹȥֿ˶ʱü۵ΣϵķҲŭŤһ
ֻǣɱ䣬ʹİֿһۣ֮гΪҿ㲻˳ۣ
ѵҴ𣡣ֿ˶ʱͻðɣͱ˰ɫĶ
ǣȴ۶һۣƲƲ죬ֻ嵥дһ䣺ѵ볢ꡯζˣ
ôһ仰ֿɵۣϵŭ˲Ȼ󣬱ЩήҲ񣬻İɫҲһʧӰ٣죬ȴ֧֧˵
һֱֿ飬вѧԱ̿ЦվȺİҲûÿסЦ⣬ꡱһЦ
ֿ˷·ע⵽˰ݵЦͱúܲȻһ̣֪Լ˫ָˡ
һĻ˶ЦϰصǶ΢΢һ˿ȡ
һ߽Цһ߷ַ߶ѵַ磬ҿܿóֿ˶иоŶ
㡣ַϷǵûгκΣУżֵ٩Ҳ۹⡭
仰ڿƲסеЦ⣬ǰĴЦ
ֿ˰ݴЦ˾޴Ĵ̼һ㣬һ˦֮ίҲ̫۸ˣ
˵䣬Ӵһ㣬ٶʧ˵ǰ
һ£ͻȺвٵĽա
ϰؿֿʧǰԶùݵӰҲ̲סǺһͬʱɫȺһӣˣСһǣʱѾˣֿ˵ĽŲǰȥùסްɣ
ϰص䷢ʩȺ˴Цתһ׷ֿ˽Ųȥ
ò˵һദ˴ҲСľ룬Ҳÿ˶Ա˴˶һЩϤ˽⣬Ϊֿ˵¼һû˶ʲôøУΪֿӵа˼ʵ˵Щţ˶С
һΣִֿţƲҽǣַϵʱһֱĬͻȻ䲻ĴȺֱ߳Ӷֿս
һߵΪڵʱ˵ע⣬ַижͬʱҲɵ⣬Ҳһ̨£ȴľַܾĵⲢɼᶨԼǡȻ˶Щֿˣȴû˿ƵΡ
֮ǰдУεıȻ죬ʵ󲿷ҲУ˵߼н׵ʵѾףӵа˼нʵֿȣȴġ
ֿͬʱȻܾⳡսϰΪӣȴܸԤ˵ĶԾֻȰ˵һ㡣
һ˵Ĺעֿ˵Цͬʱп˰Լǵõĳֹһ㣬ŰĽС
εʱֻ˵һ仰ֻҪܽҵġꡯˣҾ㴦ã
һ˵Ȼţ˶֮е棬ɵҲΪֿ˷·û⣬ɴЦ
Ȼǲֻǣַ翴εеʱԭεĵͷŻ˶
ֿЩУûηַпתֵĳҲѾƣѾƲ߼н׵Ķƿֿ˵ĻԶԶĽʮףֿǱܻʱֱ֮ѾѪ졭
ֻֿһܻǱһһ㣬ûе߳ŭҲȫ֣ǡֱӿңԽԽί
ͻıѧԱǺôЦҲѧԱǵб֮
˺Ϊ֮ǰһĻĳ֣ѧԱǲֿ˵˲٣ַ緢ֿ֣ǼסߡһˣȻ˵һЩ󻰴һЩţƣȴûжٻۡǰǣȾơ
ֻ飬ÿֿ˴ţ֮ʱͻ죬ö֮˵Ҳ˴󲿶һ羰ߣҲΪ˴ѹֵġ;˲ٻ
ҲΪһദеѧԱǷֿ˲ûеôᣬԣŻָղһĻѺõĳЦ
ֿ˵һĻַ絽ڻЩ̿˿ǰѾߵĲѧԱһЦİݵıӣߴٵݣҲϽϹȥɡ
ݱַһ±ӣɵʶסԼıַһƣֻǣһƸûм˵Ļ˵Ǹ
ˣС㣬Ҳýȥˡϰغܲɫĳڴ˵ġ
ϰǰƺҲ̫εĿһַһɫ͸Ͻùݵķȥ
ַȻǽ󣬲ոߵϰǰʱϰؾһֻ첲ץסַļ򣬲ҳ˵Сһȵȡ


ʮ ϰص
ַתͷϰأϰʱ򣬲ɵһʶŶؽʲô飿
СһҪšϰذοԵַļ򣬽ĿԶȥѧԱıӰϣȴǵַߵҲ֪Ϊˣ֪̽ˮǲֵġ
ؽ˼ǣַʱüͷ
ҵ˼ϰһָֻһһѧԱıӰСĵæʲôΣյĻþȫ
ַ˳ϰصָķ򿴹ȥвɵÿʼɻ

ϰغܹע
ʵ˵һ·ʱ䣬ԱΪĿ겻ͬʱٿСͻսԲߣԣԱĽ࣬ĳԱΪĿͬԵʵǾ
ڶʮ˵Уַ硢ݡֿˡΡ֮⣬ѧԱֱΪապͰ˹ˣУһֵܣһֵʵ߼ףԸҲΪӣȻ˺һ˻ǺܺദģպͰ˹ȴһԷ򸾡
ǵģûǵȷһԷ򸾣
ղȥһСұ͵ٸ෴յƢΪ𱬣Ҳܽ׳ڳЩ̫˹άʵȴǼǿɷ˹Ҫ߳һףַˣӵ߼۷ʵ
ɷԸҲɧ͵ģƽʱȺ֮ԵñȽϳĬֻڸմһʱ򣬲ܴ۵׿ǹɻȡȻҶ֪ôֻε۹⣬һͲӰһĽ
ֻǡȫʵʵϻߵȴǴ˽ڱ˽ʱֻһԾԼʼʱַ˿ȥ˵ϾһܴһرظС
ֻǣ˵Сģϧ𣬷·Ը˲̽ʵһ㣬ֻԵĻش𡭡
һֲεľС
ö֮ҲͲڴҵԶĺôһˡ
ԣϰصĻַ粻ɵøеŨŨɻ
ֻǣһַûʲô̵ӡ󣬶Ҳûʲô飬ϰһ仰һ˿ִƾʲôȫȥ
ԣַ붼û룬ίľܾװİؽҲֿ֪˲ǶʵǿѧԱӦðѸղŵĻΪʲôأ
СһھܾôϰسĬƬ̣ȴ̾һ
ַһϰ̾ȻЩŹ֣ǲɷ֪ʼ磬ûж˵ʲô
Ȼû˵ϰַһ㣬۾ַһַиеһ뿪ѯʵʱζĽ͵ݺ⣬Բܳκ⣬Ȼ뱣ѧԺ۹Ĺ涨ַ磬һξϰض󡭡ң˻Ϊֿ˲ǵʵǿģҪٿһ㣬ҾͰ׻ôˡ
ʣϰص쳣ַ̬вɵһַֹļôϰһֱһӲôͬһңԼûмǴĻϰصһγƺԼ֣⵹ַеһŹ֡
ϰ֮ŵһɵǣֶַݲȤ
񵽵ʲôˣΪʲôϰӣ
ַ籾ͲԸôǿӲˣʼܾϰغ̶ܴΪϰǿӲĿֻǣϰؾȻĵĵһô˵뵽ǰϰҲжԼбͳڻˣؽӦ֪ʵݵİɣ
ǣϰԥصĵ˵ͷ漴һ䣺ǣڻܸ㣬һֵᷢģֻ֮ҪƽĻţһʮһ˶ల£ǣҪˡ룬ҲرѧԺˡ
ϰص仰ޱȵأַУʱһ
񵽵ʲôͷϰȻѧԺֻһʦַȴ֪ϰ޲εˣʲôĻѵ޲ʥǿ߶ֲסϰô
һ˲䣬ַʱоһǿѹٵԼϡ
ϰؿַӣɵѯһ䣺ôСһôģ
ַϰ仰ʱʼ磬Цеѡ𣿡
ˣϰǷһ顭ʱ䲻ˣҲϽȥϢɣַĻϰһַĺ󱳣ߴһ䡣
ؽ̸飬Ҫ֮ǰһǷһأַתϰЦһЦϰ˵ʲôٶʧǰ
ϰظе΢΢⣬û뵽ַȻҲ˵ֻɵʶһ£ָʱַȴѾʧǰ
ǺǡСһҲ˰
̾Ϣϰ˵仰̧ͷĬĬ죬Ŀ˸Աһ˿־ļԭķ򣺡Ըһ˳ɡ


ʮ ҹϮ
ҹϷҹһƽȻַ˯ڱСϵùಲϵ
̾Ϣһյ״̬ѹһ͸ڵϵĽ¹⣬иоһûĳء
ԴͻƵ˼ˮ׼ַʶһص⣬ЯĵѾʼЩ㲻Լˡ
һͻƵսʿˮ׼֮ķǲϵǿǿȴﵽһΣͽΪżˮ׼
ֻǣַȻյڵĵǿʵ̫ˣ
ȻͳǿķʽҪһЩַ˵̫ˣ֮ԻżյϰߣһΪʱҲõķΪľĿǰûдﵽ˼Ȼֻһ㣡
ַеϣһصС֮У벻ǣ׾Ȼһôĸ㣡
ѵȾͻƵ˼ԺԼҪմȻеô
ò˵ַĿǰڴĵΪˣҲûܽסָѹ£Ҳ˵⣬ĳ־ͲԼܿأ̸ֺȶأ
ַвɵøоѹء
ڽϰصһеѹϰص˼ԼĿǰʵʵڶԱȻһ񻹲
ַϰص￴һ˿ǰĿ־壬Ȼϰصļãַ绹ܴϰصвǷأҲԼˣ
ϰؿӵоżʵûаա˵еļԭôô
뵽һЩַоԼиѹˣ
Ӵһ͸׵¹⣬˼
ǱеĺһУʱַһ
˿̣Ѿ˯Χವ֮⣬ֱĿ£ûκһ㣡
ַô˺һ̾һȻƿ˴ӡ
ಡ
һǵ͸϶Уñͺڱøӱ䣬˿ַ̣ӵа˼ʵҲһ£ʶĹؽַߵߣһϣȻһ۴⣬ϳȥ
ʱҹĽٸλڱԭĩ˵ıС䳹ǣ¹⣬ǽһƬȾɺľַһù߳ʱʹһ£ɵţϺ֮£ˮɱѾͲˣ
һĸ·ѧԱĶҲÿ춼˵ϲͶùݣʱֻܾ͵ӪǱӪȻǿҵĺ磬ȴ赲סǺ⣬ԽÿҲĸоļأֻǣַ˿͵һǲɵöĺһ
ȻǿҵĺдΪ⣬ַȴõı⡣
Ϣתϵĺ⣬ַоһЩĻһ֫ʼԶȥ
˺һַ绹̾˿ͣӣصƽ˼ֹ¶ͷ£ȴ֪Īӿ˼į
ɾ̾ʱȴȻһ
ԥַתͬʱӲҲУ˲ͳķصҳһ
ǱɫעĽڵҹôҫۣһ¾˽У͵˲ԶһӰϣ
䡪
ϵıʱҳһӣĽͬʱҲںڰǸӰַ粢ûʱٴιԶԶ˾룬ڳһƣʵ˭
仰ͬʱַҲڲϵļţ˵ϢĽӽԼôľ֮²űԼʵȻСӣ㲻Լǿ٣Ҳ϶Լ࣡
ϾԼľȻ˼ͻƵ˼ˮ׼ҲԶˣ
˵ԼղЩ㱣һҪӽԼҲǲ׵ģ
Ȼˣӵа˼ʵ
һ˲䣬ַʣ˵˭ӽԼкĿģ
ȻѾȥ֮ãʱַлȻĸͷ
ѵôĻôϳԼģƲⲻ̸ľɱԼôǡڲֻȥడԼʱ仹һΣңҪɱԼԼ֮ǰˣ
ѵǺµô
ϢĽӽԼûżַҲûжٵףȻ֪ƾ˵ʵԼΪеĻղԼҳȥһᷴı
һַ̣˷ƣŵעŻֵӰֻҪɢȥԼҲˣ


ʮ ϰص̽
ʱ·ڴ˿̣ƬƬ䣬ҲַгһĽţѵ֮õľڽͻȻô
ŵͬʱַĵҲ˴㣬ԷǺ˵ĻԼڵһʱͰѶԷ
ԼȻֻа˼׵ʵǣħ͵ټԼǸڰĻǶԷӵоżʵҲһԼĶ֣
뵽˴ַ÷ͬʱҲڵһ߼ħ
Ȼѩ֮ͷŻϵħҪۿۣϻûģ
ֻǣڱ֮еǸûʲôȱʼʱ˲̧һֻ֣ϲӬһ˻Χı
Ȼ󣬲ַҪʲôʱͻĴӱ˳
ֻǣһ̣ƾ¹⿴òʱַ粻ɵۡ
ؽôҲû˯ͬʱַĵĽŲɵҲʧʶڨڨЦһ䡣
ϰزûлشַ⣬̾һַһſڵСһҿڵʵжǿɣ
·һ̾Ϣ֮гһصζַڶеͬʱҲ
ʲô˼
ϰǿַе뷨˵Ұɣҿڵʵжǿ
˵䣬ϰر˫ףٶȴϣһƣż˵ȻҲᷴȫ
ַԻɻɫƺЩ̫ϰص⣬ϰһģǵ˵ͷеĺӲῪڵǰؽҾ͵ˡ
µͬʱַٳϰسȥеĺӲƥİɫصĳϰ˹ȥΧವĿ粢ûӰؽĽƣǴŨɫĽ˲ϰص沿
ϰһȴңº˰벽˫̧֮ϵĶѹ̣ӲӲĽסַһ
ء
ϰ̵Ķ˲䱬һ±㽫ַؽ𿪣ͬʱȭ˲̳ɶںӲ𿪵һ̣Ȼַȥ
ۿŶԼַһβû㣬ͻȻŤתһؽӲ͵ؾͳŶȥ
ֻǣϰصĶȻѾԻĿƷΧ֮ڣַһңǵûнŶҷɣŶ
ء
һС͵ıը𣬵ֻССıַܸɶôţסɳַʱֳϰسȥ
һΣַȻ湥͸ƣһǿĵѾע뵽˺Ӳ֮У
ȻӲѾַ粼ħ󣬵صһڵĵأ
һעɫĽžĵһΣַȻҲһε̽һǼȫ貵Ľգ֮㵽ϰصǰ
ϰǰһ£ûѡܣһεĽסַĹֻǣһȭϣʱһɴңɴǿĵ籼һ˲һϰصϣ
ϰظеһһĪļһ٣ǿҵԸвɵֵĶͣ
ΪżսʿȻᱻ̫ãַץסһ˲ʱ䣬ϰرԵһ̣ٶȿٵĻӳ˼
˵ؽַڵʵͺӲʣһ˲ʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ӳüˣ
ֻһײϰصӰɵñ
ϰصȻ֮УȴܿƶַȻڷһ˲üΣеĵطϰ̺ĻסȻȥȽǱȴûܵʲôʵԵ˺
ֻǣôΣϰڻָһ˲˷ϵĶȻ̣һͻȻһⱬ
һ£ͲǰαĶܱȵģǿͽϵıҲһַƷ˳ȥ
һַ̣лǲɵ̾һȻԼʵѾףԼıȴǲܸżսʿȣѾվ˾ż۷壬ӵ̱Զϰأǽһ㷢ӵ˼£ԼֻĻͺƿķ
صһַ˱ϣıڸסͲ¹⣬Ҳ˵ߣϰʱ͵ϮĻˤڵصַͺѷӦ
ֻǣϰظû͵Ϯ˼ص̾ϢǴϧҲһַĶУСһ㶷Ժ⣬ѩԭҲռϲƣȻԻңҪȫһеĻ룬ҿ¾ͲĶ


ʮ һʥ
ؽǿЦˣǾż۷Ĵսʿ˼ܻὫأַӵĴȥϵı˵һУҲѾҪͻʥ˵Ķְ
ַ⣬ϰزûػ˳ĳĬ֮Уַ粻ɵüͷ͸ıϰصķȥ
ſзı£ϰصӰҲĳַǰַԼһ֣˵СһѾ˾ż۷ˮ׼ҿ϶ʵԺ˵ǰ㲻ʲôԲöһָͿԽ׵ɱʥʥ֮µĲ࣬ԺǰоѣңҸҿ϶гɰǧżǿ߰Ժ˵ǰԺɿɵĽȫɱ
仰֣أַҲȷϰز˵󻰵ˣ䣬ӿޱȵ𾪣
ԴͻƵ˼Եľܷ˼˼֮µĲ࣬һ˼Ĵսʿȫ׵ɱһȺ˼µĶ֣лһ߼۷壡
ǣ˼ҲԶԶûеǿȻѾʵı仯ǰѲһ֣
˼ĴսʿǿĶҲǸʱ򣬵ʱ򣬶һ꣬һ߼׵սʿɵɱ˼սʿ
˵˼ĴսʿȻǿᣬַⷶΧ֮ڡ
ǣϰô޲أַ𾪵ͬʱҲɵøɻ󡭡ô˵Ļʥ򵽵ʲô޵Ķ
޶Ļôܻɵɱɰǧľżսʿ
޶Ļ⶷ôأ
һһʴļַĵɵҲһ־ͷɵѿڶؽ˼ǡʥһոµĲΣ˵Ѿƣ
˵䣬ַĶϰصգҪϲһЩõĶף˼˼֮²Ĳʣϰô˵Ļʥ͸ˣһոµĲˣ
뵽ַҲɵøһɻȣϰΪż۷ĴսʿʥҲֻһ֮ңô϶ҲжʥĸĵãԼܴϰõһָĻŶԼͻʥҲһĺô
ֻǣϰȴҡҡͷϾڴ˿̸һ˿ãȻôҵĶѾﵽ˱״̬Ҳ֪ʥ򵽵ʲô
һشַ˿Цõĸоһᣬϰشﵽż۷ôȻʲôû򵽣ʥ򵽵ʲôֲ֪ϵʥǿٵĿ
ǣԼء
뵽˴ַĵ׾ӿһѵԼʥԵô
ϰƺǿַ뷨Ȼַļ쳣϶˵Сһ֪ʲô㲻Ҫ٣ΪһУоֻԺ˳ֲָо
һ仰һըһ㱬ըַĶߡ
ַ緽Žȴȥģȴڴ˿̻˿ѹסеɷӿɬ촽ؽ˵ҵһоʥ
ϰزɷõĵ˵ͷ˸ֵĹâƺ˻䵱Уд̨һлĶ֣Ȼƽ棬ȴоһϤºԺ̣֪Ժ˵ʲô𣿡
ʲô
ַоԼĺǶסһ㣬쳣ɬ
ϰһĿԶһ޼ʵıڵ˵Ǵﵽʥ󣬹ֶеһ֡
˵䣬ְĿתصַϣζļ˵ԣҲŻ˵ȫһеĻҾͲĶˡ
ؽַһзǵû¶ϲĻȣŵԳЦˣĿǰֻа˼׵ʵôʥĹֶأ
СһҪ֪ϰؽַ۾һһԺҲڰ˼ʥİأŻʥ򡭡˵ǣѾһʥ򣬵ȴģֻʣʱˣԡһҪú򣬵ȫһУ⼫ԭ˵Ͳʲôˡ
ؽллˡһַ̣Ѿعƽԭȼֻãȵıʧȡ֮һɼᶨ͵ɻ󣺡ǡڱϾûȫһУڶ׸ôͷųһУǵǰ·ǳΣ
֪ϰ̾һЩεɻҪǰУԸ㲻ҪҵΣյʱȫ񡣡
һģͰݣʣµİ˸Ҳַͬѡ˵ţַӻһѶϰصУҪģʱѧԺÿ˷һɡ
ϰؽַԼеĶǰһʶľȵħ᣿
ʱַѾĵ뿪ϰصߣתùݵķȥֻб紵ЩƮ˹ǵģʮһ߼ϵħᣬȻѩᱻۿۣܱûҪǿȻҲ֪һһħʦ


ʮ ԭĴ
һ磬Хı˵ǳ
ããıԭϣԶԶһСȺӸ߿ȥѿһС˵Ŀ껹ò˶þܵǱɽǵļԭ·ȴͷˡ
ĽûиԭůһĵϷһҫ۵Ĺߣ˿ҪӽԭѾԿٻȺˡ
һЩ͵Ӷţû˸뵽
ԼĪֻʮ˵С飬ӶǵȥĻǼֱ
ֻһС棬ȴĸսʿ
С鵱УһŮĴһ£ͻȻǰȥһ̬ߴ󺰵زѵһʧȥϵ𣿡
ǰϰͣסӣҲһĴһ£̾һӦˣѾҪӽԭˡ
˵ţ򱱷۾һ£ԶǸ߸ڵΡɽֻͷһ䣺ٶȥǰʱ־ܴﵽԭΧСһǣŽĺ¶һɣ
˵䣬ϰرӼǰȥֻûȺоʹһԴԹʦǶͣ·һˣôõӦȳԵ㶫һ
һ˵ţ˻һĴѰ֧֣ǣ˵ǲǰ
ǣԮȴûеõǵ֧֣һѰۣһӵĻֻܱȵı˶ˡ
ֿˣ治֪ôģ
ϰҲתǰ˵һۣСһǸ·ѾֵطôԭϢأʱƨͻȻһȺħƿ棬ܽȫɱıҲ·һ˵ƽˣҪ֪Ǳһ꣬ǲŲõıħҧƨɣҲܸõĹ۲ĴǷħ޽ӽ
ϰصѵ⣬ֿͽԭأڨڨıͷ˵һСһ㡣
ֿ飬˲ЩݸϰбֿһֳۣԶһ£ָǰԶСǾȥǱϢһ°ɣҪǵǧܷĴ⣬ʱעܵ
ǣʦֿһ˵ΧѧԱ̿ı飬˳ľͳϰָһطȥ
˶ֿӦЦˣҲ̲ͬסеļӿٵĳǰС˹ȥ
ֿȻǵһСѧԱһ˷ܵתӣŻںĶеķһ㰡ѽϳʣǰֻѩȡҶҪˣ
ֻѩܣ죡ֻʣһֻˣַʹػֻ֮Դһɵ٩һֻȶͰԵģЩ˳Եʲô
ֿ˵Цͽϣ˼ץץԴٺЦҾٳԵ㡭ҪҾͳ԰ֻȣʣµĶǺòã
ȥɣͰַЦһ䣬ǺܿʹȺ첽ֿ˹ȥȵߵֿߵʱ򣬱ӿռָȡǸȣһѾͳֿ˹ȥ԰ɣ㣡
ٺ١ֿ˲ûַĳЦ׼ȷһֽӹַӹȣȻһֻϰɫ¶ͼűߵĵһڣϵĶڽºһ档
˳ĳַķϽȡһ𣬶ˡ˰Ĵȡ
ʵϲʲôĴַֻΪ˶Ŀһħˮ̳ǰִģֻҪһͼϵħ˾ͻðһɻ档
ʼʱ򣬶˰ݺϰػ֮⣬ʣµ˶ַܶеȤԸƧҲͶ˺Ŀ⣬ֿ˻ڵһʱַҪ˹ǣôʹʹ򲻳
Ʋ֮£ֻֿٴַ磬ֻǣַ統ʱĶֿǰİһǸµĴťͼһɻ硰ᡱһ¾ȼǰֿ˶ʱһ
Ļֿ𾪣ѧԱҲر棬Ҫ֪ѩ֮У˻ϵħʦͷŻϵħ⣬ճĵ𹤾߸͵㲻ȼ棡һҽ뼫ԭĳӶŵطҲֻܳԱĸ
ԣÿһ̤ϼԭıҵѧԱҲ˿ֻǣ˭ϲԱĸأַһѧԱǵ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôνĴֻܴҪܳһȺķǾˣ
ǻ᲻˼ַǸϵħʦ顭ͲܣЩ˵ĻȻܳΪһħʦ˭սʿ
ҲַĴ֮󡭡ѧԱǵҲԭĸ˲𡭡
ַֻ͸¶Լӵпռָ֮˸ɴֱӰҲӵˡ
ȻﶼַΪʲôӵпռַָ˽飬Ҳû˻ȥѯʡ
ֿŵġԸַ粻ɵһһƨϣЦڵҵūʹˣ
ȻЦַҲ֪Ϣʱɹֿ˶㿪Լһţɷ˵ӿռָͳǸһѲӽֿ˺֮С
ٵĬһϵͼħðһɻ潫ȼַȴ̾ϢһΪ֣ԽߣеĻԪؾͱԽ٣ͷŵͼϵħҪľѾϵڵ۶ʱͷһмϵħˣ
ǣû̾ʱȴԵֿһ̧ͷʱ򣬾Ϳһͷ߽ӽ׵ɫѪڣһվϷ괦ĽԼ


ʮһ Ⱥ
һۿ׵ɫǣַ㸡һ֮ǰԼȲŸոձϿ֮飡
Ϊһǰڿ־ɭֵСٴμǸͯļõǿַļǵãֻħ޻ŻԼĸףֻֻǵʱƺһֻܣû˺Լĸס
һ¶ǰٴμʱַ绹ѯֻȥֻǣʱԲϵóԼǣԼħʦݣϰݵʱľ״̬ղûʳڡ
ֻǣֻͯǵȴһֱοַУ
ַӡ̵ǿǵǻۣǵãʱΪܣϿʹթֻǣûаѵҵˡ
ַ뵽ԼȻڱԭħޣֻû뵽ôĳˣ
ֻͻȻֵľ޴ȻѸո߹СԱһһ˲䣬ϰضһ¡
ǣһ˲䣬ֿѾӦ˹ķ֣жȴ쳣ݣ˲ͷǵĸǰͬʱѾһֱϵһ󴸣һ߿ЦһĳǵԿȥ
Ȼͷнӽ֮ߣֻһֻħޣӵа˼нʵֿ˵Ķ֣
Ҳ֪Ǳֿ˵ĿЦס˻ǸӦʲô³ƺҪӴԼʱ䣬һӿҪܡ
κΣֻһֻķϵħޣȻٶȻݣǰֿ˵Ķ֣Ҫǣֿ˶ӵеٶȣ˼н׵ʱػʿᡱǿһþôĿܣ
ǣͷǸոһ̧צӻûصĹֿ˵Ĵ󴸾ѾԿϣ
ʱǿİ˼Ŵ󴸵ĸѹ˲ƿ˿ǿķһ¾ͽԴһϡã
Ѫһأԭѩ׵ıȾͨ죬һŨѪζʱ紵˳ȥ
ѧԱʶס˱ӡ
ַҲһüͷѵֿһ䣺ֿˣҲ̫˰ɣ

ֿ˷ǵûиеôģ˵ĴЦǸղŻΪԱԲأˣ
˵ţһץס˿ʬĲӣ׵ľ޴һ㣬ɵıקһ˸ղöĿӵԱߣĳ߹һ߿ʼƤһιιι˭ȻֻҸɵģҾ͵øԵ
һ仰ôһЦϰҲЦһ䣺ûϢ
һʱ֮ٶȻع鵽ɡ
Ȼֿ˵ֶβѪһ㣬ڳѧԱǾıԭ̽գһѪȶ˵Ѿ㲻ʲôˣΪһͷΪʳ
ֻǣڳѧԱ֮Уַֻһ
ֿƺע⵽ַı飬Ʋַһۣðһ䣺ιķôˣǵԲ𣿴ֻһֱҲˡ
һ仰ʱ˺Цֻǣ˽ַ磬ַıЩԣɵ߹ַԣķôˣǲ뵽ʲô
ֿ˼ݶԼԱߣĿȻַ磬ȴоһȣ鲻Խıͣͷæʰǵʬ
ַ˰ݵѯ֮̾һΧѧԱ˵һǲҪ˵̫磬ҼǵãӦȺħޣÿԡʱ򣬶ɳͷѲߡ뿪Ⱥ嵥жģܶϵħʦҲǽѲߵĹԼȻʩչԦ߷롭
ҵ˼ǣֿͷֻǸѲߵģĻǲԶӦһȺѾŵ˿еѪζ֮ûзϵħʦǴӿĻǾҪһսˡ
̤ϱԭʱ䣬˵ʱַܻ˵һЩ·ħ޵֪ʶַ֪ʶԨͬʱҲɵ֮жһ˿ģʱտ˵˿ǵϰԣʱ÷ŻޱȵȺȴ
һ̣ӡַ֤Ļһ㣬紵һһǺ˷𣬻ص˵ıԭ֮ϡ
Ǻ֮࣬ϰص϶صı飡
ڵＫԭ֮ǰľֳȺӵȺϰߵħޣ
ѧԱ˲䰲ͬʱַҲԭվӣһĳǰСȥ
ѧԱ㿴ҿ㣬ǳַӰ׷ȥ
˶վϣһ·֮ʱ˶ɵõһ
ֻ²ԶĿһ޼ʣ˵Ҳ߰ʮֻ֮࣡
еĿǶԼߵķӣ﷢һĵͺʱ׼ģ
Ⱥ֮УһͷȥΪۣĿ׶ɫǾַʶľ͵ѿڶ졭ǿ֮թħǡʵ൱˼ˮ׼ҪĲʵթǻۡ
ַһ仰ٻһȺдѧԱֻнʵɫѾòҰף


ʮ ˵Ⱥ
Ŷѵ˱ԭȺ𣿡ֿ·ĿȺһ䣬֮вûжٽţֻ΢΢һЩˡ
һۣͣҪȺ
ιѾ˺òãֿ˲һ䣬ͻȻü˶Ѿס٩װѣҪ£ҸҴģܵһë˺ǰҪں棬
޼ɵĻһ˿ִһԵַҲɵüͷǳֿ䣬ȺȴڴʱˣֿˣϻˣбԼȥǶ
仰ƽôȴǼ˶û뵽һֱĬȻڣһھֿˣ֮вɵöЩ΢΢ȡ
벻ȻԼͶȵвɵҲһ˿м
ֻǣֿ˲Ըˣľ֮лعɵֱͦӣߵļһûʲôڰɣ
Ǹûʲôڣܷᵭд³仰ͲֿˣǳһվԭޱϰصʦǸô죿
٣ֿһ̬Щϻ𣬲ʱһֱַԵİڿˣֿˣôҲһˣܱܲô
һ仰˵ѧԱǵֿȻֻʣ¡ҡ֧֧ˡ
ϰ·ȺһۣһƲϵģֻǸලǣҪνսͲҪˣңһȺǣӦûѲǼ
仰·ϲ֪˵˶ٱ飬ҪѯĻһðɣֻ仰֮ڣֻٴλشһ顣
ϰصĻشĿַϣЩεķ˵˵ôɣҾ֪ʦǲġ
һ仰˴ҵķ׷ͬ˵ĿⲻɵҲַ翴˹ȥ
һ·ϣַ֮гСġ쵼ߡϾС棬ӵа˼ʵҲֻֿˡַͰˣֿȻСڵʵߡΪԸԭ򣬸͵β쵼ߵɫҲ֪İСһֱַģַʵҲΪ侲ԣ̤ϱԭַͳʮ˵еĹǡ
仰ַڽĿӿȺת˻ʱ·Ⱥĵͺɴ˷ȴֻǹӣǲҪһ㡣
Ҹղһ£˱ַɱֻ֮⣬·ֻթħǡڣܹʮֻ
ַһָ·ĿȺһ߶ѧԱ˵ŸλҲˣȺƺ빥ǣȻĹҲõģʱҿԼˣҸݻֿ˶Ϻûʲô⡣
ӡַ֤仰Ļո£·Ⱥдһ߰ĺһ߰ĺУͰ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥַҲ˼ת·Ⱥȥ
ȺУһͷӽ׸߻ɫĹթǸ߸ߵİԴһ߰ĺǴﴫġ
һĻβɻһ䣺ѵٻĿô
û˻شԭɵƺĺٶȱýţַȻϵóթħǣҲΪ˽ϰص㣬Ͼַ粢ζʲôһ߼۲ȺĶ̬һѧԱ˵ھͿʼ󳷣ҡݻֿ۲졣
ʱû˱ﷴ˶֪˼˼֮µĲ˼ĴսʿɱȺǣסǵϮӦòٻ£ԣʱ򣬳Ѿ¶ַ˻ԭز֮⣬ˣϰڣѾʼĵĺ
ǣǳ˻ûʱ·Ⱥͳ˴ı仯
ʱĺѾֹͣеĿɻŹƣֻǣ£ǾȻʼ
ȻȺǵɽϷַˣȴһںˣֿ˿ɵ÷˾ҲסϵĶأ˵һ䣺ѵȺսʿ֪оųˣ
ַͰݶûע·Ⱥ
˺һȺѾһξ룬ǶȿȥѾȺеԿǰڻ˵Ŀǡ
ʱ򣬾ַҲһɣѵһɱ¾ô׵ıȻԼ˶ǴսʿȺǵǰӵоԵʵϾҲʱ򣬾㽫Ⱥɱδ֪ǰ֪ʲôΣյħ޵ȴԼԣһɱ¾Ȼܱͱ⡣
ⱱԭϣʵҪģ
ʱ˶ѾסеĶֻ±һůãϾöҲҪĵģֿ˸ѾվϷԼȫ¶˳һԶȺһ߶ַ˵û뵽Ⱥ÷ֱǵʵҸоЩϧ
ϧʲôʶɻһ䡣
ֿԼ¶˼飬ŬĿּԼɫȥƽȣȻ˫һҡͷһߴΪ̾Ϣϧʧȥ˺üµĻʳ
ݶʱͰһۣ˵һַ˵ĻԻ
ֿһβΪܷΪ٣һ㸡һС˵־ģƺȴ˵ϼ׳һգʱһֱڵעȺַ̬ͻȻһѽҴСģ


ʮ ˾ֵĹթħ
ַ罫ֿ˴ͬʱԶȺҲֹͣ˺ˣһζ̶ٵĺȺһĿͬʱ³һУȻˢˢԶַ˲λã
ʮŵܼǹֵһ㣬գ֮ͷɵڵ괦ַͰֻøϽӣһߣַæȥֿȻ޷һ¾ʹǱˤȥֻҺֿ˷ӦѸ٣һʱһѽָ˱棬û»ȥ
ֻɵñַ³ĶǵЩ󣬸̧ͷҪַ۵ʱȴͻȻǰܼķѾﵽǰ
硪
һַвϻϣΧҲײķǷԽַڵλãȻ㽥ɢڿС
ֿΪ˼սʿȻǲᱻССķлˣղ⧲֮Ȼʱ¶˶Ǳһл˶ͷʱſַԱߺĨһѶͷϵѪɵڱԹ̫ˣˣȻҺ޷ʱ͵Ϯֱˣ
˵ţҪվǰȥȺһ۵ơ
ʱһȺҲ˷йֿӵлȻЩһħַͰɻſԭأȥĲӲɵ˻ܻιڽǣѵȥɱǾﱻô
ȵȣҪżַüͷ÷㼫ԼĻϣһԶ˵ССһиǾɲʲô˺ƺֻڰʾǲҪǰϾҲСģҪʵ
ðɣǾٿһֿЩһ䣬Ҳеʱѹס˱ģһĿͶԶȺ
ԴԴϵķϮַҲڲϵļţļ䣬ȻֻʵȴһֺŽħޣһǹǾͱȻƴһԭҲûжħ޻ȥǿȺ
ַ籾оѾ׼ӭӽһսȺǵĳˣвִͷֻǣȺڵļ岻Ϸйȴɵɻ
⵽Ǹʲô˼
֪ǲԼĶ֣ЩֻΪ˱ֿɱͬĲ
ǡǺһشܲԼǰ
ַҡڲʱȺѾֹͣ˹ֻͣ˼ʱ䣬ȺǵĵڶѾˣ
һΣһħħ
ֻȺǵ³Ȼڷַ˲֮·Ͻ۳һ͵磬ĴͲСܱģȻƶٶȱҪ࣬ôԶľ룬ַѾоǹǿҵľ磡
ħȻƺƴ󣬵Ͼ벻ħıʣȥһС͵һ㣬ʵϸͲżħȣħ쫷綼Ȳϣ
Ͼħıʤ
ԣĴͲַܶвֻǣԽԽǾϢҲɵǿ
ңѾ˲ٱ֮УַǰԽԽģ
֮йıԽԽ࣬ʱγһֺظУתͬʱҲ˵ϸı㣡
ЩȻϸ΢ַжʱһȺҪʲôˣ
ипսթͬʱɵҲ˴󺰵ҳȥЩ
ôԵİȻûַ˼ɵɻʵĵͼħӦûʲôвɣ
ֿ˴ʱҲַͶɻĿ⣬ǶףʱѾ˲ٱ谭߲˵ҲǿȻ첻ʲôвȺǽڴĺ棬Լ˿϶ᱻ͵ϮͨĿǻãһܵŰ˼ʵζ϶ܣ
ԣʱ䲢ʺżǰȥ
ûʲôвǡ
ַȻҲһ㣬ǿѹٶ˽͵Ⱥ÷нǲСıһ϶һĻѾĴ׵ƿǲ꣡Ҫ֪µһȻϣȺҪĻǱȻǣʧأ
һ仰ըһ˰ݺֿ˵Ժ֮У˲γһ㣬ʶԣ
ʱ˵ͬʱһɿ־У
˵Ŀ־岢Ϊ뵽˽ܷܿ飬Ϊթħǣ
ȻȺһʼͳĻµǲٵĳ겻ˣȺǵĳü
ⲢҪģҪǡǻƺѾﵽĵزȻôĦ˵ȻΪȻսԣ
п־ĵط
ֻѾǿʱˣۿҪǰԥĳŴȥ
˲Ҫֹݻ꣬Ҳûа취ֹ
ľܶɱһֻųĿǾͶɱһֻ򣬵걻ݻ٣ôĿȺȻѾ˵ɾ޴Ļ𣡣


ʮ 
Ȼ˳ǰȥٶȺܿ죬˿ҲѾǰӰеһ̣Ҳ˲䴥˲ǸС꣡
һײʱиһ¡¡иǧٿ׵С꣬ͬʱҲɵüӴ֮еѹ
˿еַ͸оԼ·̨һ㣬ȻжΧıܶԼʲô˺ǸתĿͼԼͬʱҲ谭Լߣ
ңһ֮УַͿݺֿˣ
ôԶľ룬ַּ˺Сľ޴Ȼ۵ٶ࣬Ҳһ̣
룬ַ˿Ѿо˴ѹѾ˲٣Ǵ˿Ͼ˼СǷѾ糹׽飬ΪѾҪķΧˣ
ѾܿӵĿȺˣ
ȻߺģЩζӰӣַҲɵóһ£
ԼĹȻûͷǻʵ̫ˣ
ʱ䣬ɲַ룬һ߼ӭǰȥһ߻еĺӲ׼ȷһ߷ȥı飬һַУͰ˴еһһ㣬Хų˹ȥ
˵ֻһϾҳȥַӵа˼ʵһ·ɳ磬˳ǰһͷϣͷǵĳȻͣȻֵܵģֻһһ¾ͽҷ˳ȥ
ǣһҷɣҵ˽ĿϣǶŵһһͷǳ⣬һŵĿǱһͷһͷͣвٿǻΪǿǰʱͱײ˳ȥȺ֮Уٶ˶ŵƵһĻ
һеڴеַȻҲ㲻ȴ˿ǲҽе룬ٴλеĺӲٶȽ˺üϣ
һӴзɳȺǰβɵҲַ˲٣ֻǣķΧٴҲоͷģ󼸿ɳַҲڳ˴磡
˲䣬ַͿ˳ǰĿǣľͻеĺӲ˾һͷϣ
һ¿ɲܱģͽͷǵԴҿ˻ֱӽҷ˳ȥ⻹û꣡
ʬڼǰĿȺ֮ʱʱžĵ
ܵ絫ǺӲܣпǵһַ̣ҲѾڹעһĵ
˿̻ڰɫĶ֮ڣٵĻеؽÿһ£ܽһͷҷɣÿһͷǵʬȺʱ򣬶ܵһȺǻ鴤
һԣֿһߴЦһ߻ӶеĴ󴸣ǱеĿǲԽһؾֱӱұ⣬ǵѪֿ˻Ⱦͨ죬·о񫣬ֽһͷҷɵͬʱҲпǰһ
Ȼֻһ˼һ¾ͽһȦĿƷɳȥȺк󣬲ǰѾʧȥ˱ܵ
ٿݡ˵һŮԣ˿ײеĳ̶˿ַ˲٣еذ׿ٻһͷͷǸ޷֮ľͱʬ
ذһֻ־գǣһֻҲûţиſǵͬʱҲһȭȭĺ˳ȥ
ֻǼ򵥵ȭͷǱȭͷеĿ³Щʬģ
ΪݶǸʴֻҪǱȭͷеĿð̣ʹĺ֮вŻȥ
һ̣ǰһɧôˣȻȺǵΣҲֻɧţеĿǺܿҲܴӵٶǰУ
˵ȺζʱɢѪʬ嶼谭ǰϰ˺ɱһʱ䣬һ㣡
ǣȻ˲أȴַˣȻɱκȺǵʵ̫࣬ȻѾɢ˲٣кܶѾֳγ󷽳˹ȥ
Ҳʱ򣬴ĴıҲӿнֻǣ˿ǵѪӿµıʱѾʺɫȺɳȫɱĳ棬ȥΪѪ׳ۣ
쵰治֪Ⱥôˣôͬ黹Ҫǰ壬ѵʮһ˾ǵĶ𣿡ֿ˴æ֮в˱Թһ䣬ܿûǺ֮С
ʱԭǸСѾֻʣ˱һ㣬ĳ̶ѾԼ󷽻˵ϰصˣ
һ̣ͻַΧȺײԭСϣıͲֹȺĽŲһһ϶ʱҲ߽⣡
һϵĿǣɺٵĳԶİˣ͸¶ǹɷƺҪϰذʬһ㣡


ʮ ս
ͬʱԶٶȴĺУȺ֮˵ַ˸Ŀǲټǰתʼ˷ʣµȺĿɲ䣬ַǰ׷ȥ
һ˲ı仯һ¾͸ַһֲ
˵ÿֻֻʵ϶Ҳҧԭȿǲַ˸ڴɳȺһз͸˴˲Сѹ
쵰ȻƿҵĻֿһҷһȦǣ¶ĺȴһֻǿɳֻ֮˷һ㣬Ȼ˵ֿ˵ϣצֱӾ׼ֿ˵ľˢһ¾ʹֿ˲ϵĻ
Ҳֻƿֿ˵ĻˣȻֿ˵ĲһǳǳצӡצӸܲ˰˼ĴݲУֿ˻˲䣬ķҲһצӴݻ٣ţӦֿһתһ󴸾ͽԴҿ˻
ֻǲֻһֻֿתһ˲䣬ͷǳֿ˵ȥһΣתĹԣֿ˻ûվͱֻ˵ڵأͬʱֿ˵ĴҲֻкȥ
һߣѾȫת˶ΪڸղŵʱСѾĳֻƿ˶һצӡ˿ڻûϣεѪ͸ڵϣӼ˿ǵҰԣ
תİ˼ȻǾֵܵģҪǰݵĶӵиʴԣĿǸһӴĶܵ˶ĸʴȥɵҲһ룬ȻǲŹĻᣬеذ׿ٻһֻֻͱʬ
Ǵݺֿ˵ѹԴһЩַ˵ȴ㲻ʲôӵлϲһѹĺӲҷɿǵͬʱҲϵشȺ֮Уֻǣ·еĿǣڻžĵ֮ͳһ߾սʬ壡
мֻǳɹĽӽַ磬ϵһ̣Ҳ˲䱻˽̿
ӵʵķϵħ޿Ǵ˿̾ǳ˷ܼһ㣬Ͳںͬǰһͷһͷϣ
һʱ䣬ǵʬѪʱȾ˽µıԭ
ǱϾħޣֻǶü򵥵幥ΪϵħٶȲﵽһ㣬ϵƤëҲΪ
ǻʶ˽ⲫ𲻵ãֱǰװѾвٵĿǸ˾룬ӣɫëƤһһ㣬ٵַˣͬʱеĿ³˵ͼϵħеĿצһצܴһ磬еĿǸצƿ˱棬ַˣ
硪
ɧŰĹȻַܶʵԵ˺ЩëƤȴǴ˵Ļӵиʴʶİݺϲϵַ粢õ㣬ǴưݶĸڵһʱͱʴַĸҲͬʱΪ˻ҷɣ
ǣֿ˵Ķȴֻмٵԣ
Ǵֿ˶ĸϣ˵Ѿ͵㣬вٴƤϣ
˵ǣ˼սʿ岢ûпȥôȻֿ˵ϣҲֻǴıƤûȥһѪû
ëȻٲвϱϾҲܲܣֻֿ˷ŭĴ󴸵ٶȾ͸ˣ
ʱַúӲסһַĸ룬ҵ˴ϢĻᣬһѾǲˣ԰ݺֿ˴ݡֿˣǿȥ߱ǣ򲻵ѰؽǸֵģҵǸ͵סȺĹ
ʵַ˵һʱҲѾǽ棡
ֻǣһЩгϰ֮⣬ʣµ˸ûͻƵսʿˮ׼ӵ߼۷ʵͬʱӦֻ϶оޱȳ˵ֻн׵ˣ
ֻֽԼĿǵϰ֮⣬˼ֱ絽˵һ㣡
ƺǶкøУۿһֻ˵ڵأצѾĸ첲֮УеĳԼĿǣתһ²˵ֻǸУ
ֻһ֮Уڱ
ֻǣΪ˾ĺͳ˿ţץסһʱͷֻǣ˵ǴսʿʵҲ߼۷壬ԶԶȵģͷȻ˵ƿĻ鼱֮Ҳ˲նһͷǵԴһͷѾſѪڳľҧ˹ȥ
ΣͷֻǿŤתӾ͵һ㿪һͬʱСҲһֻǵצץѪ죡
ڻ㣬Զһ㣡һһֻͼ͵ϮԼĿǵĲӣһ߳һ䣡
þȵ֪˿̲ǽʱͷͳȥ
˿̣ＫΪѹ֣


ʮ Ѫԭ
ʵ˵ڵֱɱĳ嶯
룬ԼɴһͷȺÿǰԼʬˣ
ûԼһĻΪͬ׸Ȼ̤ϱԭ֮ǰҲǹ⣬ǿħ޵ʱԼԶԶĶں棬ħ޹ԼĻᣬԼַ磬Ҳܺ׵ȡһħˣ
ֻǣȴ벻ڸո̤ϱԭĵ죬ûʽ뼫ԭ˿Ⱥ
ΪڻԼ˿ڵΪ·ߵαǵѪ˿ڣмֱ絶һ㣡
һֻǣƴȫȥȺ֮УѾú޻֮
ƽΪʵǰľ棬ȴͱһĲֵ
źͬʱϵı鲻ɵҲʹ
ֻǣ֪ǰǽʱֻܽĳͬʱҲһ
ʱϰصͻȻ𣺡Сѵ㲻֪֪̽ˮ¼ҸͲ֣ܱܵ㲻ܵκ˺Ҳͬ飡쵰ΪҾȻ˷һġ
ϰص仰νһˣȻ֪ǸʲôҲ֪ϰصΪʲôԼ𣬵ǰѾ˲ϰص֮ͶԵκ󺰵ǿȥؽ
ȻֻǼ򵥵һ仰ͬʱҲκˣͬʱһáתϰǱ߳ȥ
ϰһֽһֻǺһ߿Լܹοĵ˵ͷͬʱҲװܵ˿ǵĳվȲסӣ²ɫĻӭȥ
ʣµ˿ɾûˣǲûյϰصĴҲûпϾʱע˵ĶһԷ򸾺һֵܵʵӹ໥˵ӦȺɳȴûǱ
ֻǣǵʵ̫ˣȻ˶߼ϵʵмܲסȺĽյĸ֪ʲôʱܵص˺ѪźֱֵֽܰҲѾץѪģ
˹ҲֹۣһֱֻӱǻһĿӣȻǿߣȴԵ쳣˵֮ʵǿģһ߲Ű˹һӦſǵĹҲе֮
ҲʱȺ˸ë
ë޵һ㽫ڣסеܵ㣡
˲˵ͬʱҲֻҧӲһֻǣ˸޷ַ˵İɫȣ̴ܴ˼ĸë׵ľƿ˵ĻһѪ˶̲סʹ
һʱ䣬¸İʹһɥʧս
ȺҲֵץסʱȻȥ
ӺǼѪڵĿ˵Ĳӡ
ʱ˭ỳɣĻһڿǵѪ֮У
һ˵ϵëİѾŵ˿еǹȳζʹͬʱҲı۾
ʱ򣬰ͻȻоԼһᣬûۿ׷ʲôʱ򣬾ֿԴŵ٩Ĵ³һĻ϶ͻᱻֻȱˣ
һ³ĻûķУеһĪУֿڶ仰֮󣬱ֱȺ֮УеĴÿӶһΣһȦֱӱҷɣ
ҲΧĿ֮һֿ˼ɨǵӪʣµƺϵʹ㿴ҿ㣬ӶԷпһֽٺļ
ʱ򣬶ǰַѹסҲڸԶȥ
ĵǶõģ
ңȺ֮ôϽսȻҲָʹֻҪɱȺȻɾ
ŵͬʱַеĺӲĽߵĿǳɳȥȻٶĿΧҲֹǰĽŲһֻǱӲ泯ַԴȥڰ֮УͱַеĺӲ׼ȷ˲ӷɳȥͬʱȳĿˮɵҲڵգֻǣˮûصĹֱ̳˱
˿̵ַ磬ɱ۵һ㣡
ʱԶȻҲʶʲôͷһһֱαͨǴϼֵֻҲյźһ㣬ˢˢĳַӭȥ
ʱҲûţͻȻζĴŵĸΧĿܵĳֹȻʼ


ʮ 
ߵĿ𵴣͵ĴҲγһģ͸ĳ״Χ𵴵ĿҲԴԴϵĳĻ۹ȥγһµ
ʱַѾͻȺİΧӭͷǡ
ͷȻͨĿǾܱȵģӭַһ̣ϵûֱӹͻȻַĺӲֱַܽΧ
ַĹԾˣԾǣͷ֮ȴǲΧַת
ʲôô
թħӵи߳ǻַ粢ԾͷôҲôߵǻۣ
һַ̣ʶͷʱ䣬ٴΰȺԶַһż
ȺģȻ׷ԼĿǻԼĶҲûľ޴һ붼ûĵң˶ԼӵеħħᣬΣͷٻڰӵ߼ħʦʵĺڰ׵ٻԾ͵ؽѾĿʬֱתΪá
ԣַҪĵľȺսֻǡǰȻ԰ƵڰҪʹóķϡ
ǣǸħַȻϵã
ȻԶַ绹һ۾ϳǸħǷϵеİ˼ħɱ
ǳϵħԪ֮֮ǿ幥ħ
ǱɱеĻԼĿǰķ㲻Ҳֻʣ°ʱȺһӵϣԼͷʣ£
ȻɱֲҲһȱ㡪ħʦͷħޣҪʱ䣬Ϊָ߶ѹʹ֮𶯵ǿ幥ܱҪһ̣
ֻǣԶѾ͵ľɱַ֪ԼʱѾˣ
˼ͬʱַҲûţʶľὣԸתֻȥָֻת״̬֮£似սʿУǡַһȴһգ
һ²ɵַЩ⣬룬ٴԸٶҳһǣһҹȥͬʱԭɱĿ˿ֲֿٶȱͨĿ˵ѾַԾˣ
ֻǣַûʱţȻҲǣ͸ɴֱӺֱײٳȥ
ǣʱˣ
ַǰûоܵĿһ㣬Լ޷ǰ˲䣬ֻΧԼתȦ⣡
һ̣ԭֻǵĿľڴˣһϵеħȻǷϵħ֮ΪħħҲһ弶ħֻͬʱʩչĳ̶ıӣҪƿħǾҪƽʱƿħı
ħҲһȱ㣬ǾֻãҲ˵ɳܷΧڵ壬ȴסħ
ʱַͷħԶ
ֻǣѩ֮䣬ԪرϡϵħȻҲۿۣƽʱİ˼ħڴ˴ͷŵĻ¸ʹﲻ˼Ч
Ҫǣڿ֮Уħ壬ͶȥҪħĻʱѾˣ
ԶнҪ͵ľɱһ˲䣬ַðһѣ
ȽӲ˿ռָȻѸٵڵеֻǣַĿǰľˮ׼ûе˼ĲΣͬʱеĵԵóޱȣ
һ̣ѾϾˣϽеıµĶѾûоˣʱֻͻȻַ繥ûʲô
ңסжһ̣ϺַоԼ֮Уֺĸоô񾭶Ҫסˣ
һ̣ѾûоЩˣеĵһַ֮Ȼһ
˲䣬һļµʱַΪɢȥڴеһȫַͷ˳ȥ
εĵžĵ˲ͽѸתȦֻǵĻҷҲ˲ͻ˿ɢȥ
׷ȺҲûж˽٣ڵ֮ıûк˲ͻɻңµıԭƺҲܲסǿҵĸѹڵӿĴѾ˿˿ѣ
еԪƺҲܵ˲С𵴣͸¶һϢϢħʦڸĻһ˶ʧɫ


ʮ ˲
Զ˻۵һϰȻַķȥһ˲䣬оԼƺҪһ㣡
Ҳоɺ˵ԭڵص˴˿вɵҲ¶Īľֿ֣˿ѾҷԼĿǣ
ȺУƺֻаݵıΪֻǣڴæһͷͷ­ͬʱַǸ֮У¶һ˿ģ
ַȻͷȫƿ˿ȴҲǳž޴ѹǷŵһֻ̣Ļͺ޻֮
ֻǣɢڿʵ˷֮ȻٿǶ˷ɻңڿеĴĵĸ࣬ǿĵ糡ֻһ˲ɢ˿С
ЩǴҪģȻƿͷĿַͲٵʱ䣬ٳԶȥ
һ̣ѾõľɱҲѾɣΧռǿ𵴣ɱһöڵһ㶸Ȼַ緢ȥ
ֻǣȻûϵַͻƿԭַƴ˿̵Ȼ޴棬鼱֮£ֻȥһǿŤתһ¡
ַȻѾƵ˿ȻͲԭزȥͬʱҲϽ㿪˾ɱ
ֻ䡱һƷΧڵľɱһº˵ϣͽıһ޴Ŀԭµˮ˲䱻ϸߣֻһЩˮ½ĹоѾ˱
Ͻ䣬ɢڳַȺ
ЩַȴǹʲôвһҵϣҲڵһʱͱַĶķ顣
ԼѾõľɱ˸գ˫ɺ֮͸¶һ˿ʵͬʱҲԥĳַȥٶȼֱһ㣡ڿҪӽַʱ͸߸Ծһצӱ㳯·ַȥ
ٶȣַжʱһæܿͬʱӲҲкȥ
ء
Ӳ׼ȷצײַȴоһȻЩ΢΢飬Ҳɵúһվӡ
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ѩ֮䣬ӲԼԺԣȴɴڣȻַڵĵѽݽߣӲȴй̶ĵһϣͽһֻ۾ұӲеĵҲ˲ӿ˽ȥ
ʱ䣬ַʵȻͻ˰˼Ӳȴûб䣬ԸͨĿǻãԸ˼۾еĵҲѶɶ˺
һĳ鴤һ£
ַȻŹֱĻᣬʱһң
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ַһܣʹԭ𣬺ɵľͳַٴ
Ȼ˿ֻʣһֻ۾еȴ֮ǰŨڿ֮ʱצӾӶһַʬεƣ
һĻӶƺʣȴһ磬Ҫܹȥַ˿ֻѡһɢ磬ûüһʱצӾѾǰ
еַֻצԼҼ紦ĵطٶѹһ¶ǣצӻ׵Ĵ̴ѹĶֱһצץַҼϣͬʱҲһſѪڳַĲҧȥ
Ǳⷴ΢ݼǹȳζַŻĸоֻѾϹ˵۾µѪֱӵַϡ
æ֮Уַǿ̼ϵʹľ͵һջĺӲͬʱҲһĸ
һ¾ͱӲҷ˳ȥַҲ˳ƶһ٣ʵ൱֮սԲľԼ
ûַӵվʱһȴֱӳַ
ңǵõٻԭͳַĿȺʱͷ·˷һ㣬ܵٶֱֿ˲٣ۿͿҪַΧ


ʮ ΣµӦ֮
ͨĿַ粢ģǱЩǰΧַȴòˣ
Ȼ󲿷ֿںֿ˵˼սȻһ·ɱҲ˲ٿǣ˿ΧԼĿǻֻ֮࣡
ؼǣ˿ֻ̣ƽʱؽܽĿǵʱȴΪĵط
սڵյַǻԵֻǾַķƲֻҪ΢ңƩ赲סַܵ㣬Ƕַ˵ˣ
ȻϹһֻ۵֮£ٻַ鷳ǻʵ˿־壡
ַȻҲʶ⣬һ˲䣬ԴҲڷת
˵ĿǰڵȻѾΪգ˵Ͷ֮⣬ӵħħᡢڰ͵
ħȱַų⣬ѩ֮²˵Ԫصϡ٣ǰŵĴûʱ䣡
ڰ˵ַĿǰΪֹ괩Խ֮ܣĺڰϿȶ֪ʵַغڰԭǣ̫࣬Ȼ֪ڰ͢ĹϵΪУԼȴͽȥһͷųڰݱȻѯԼǷڰ͢йأң㰲ݲ޲أϰһᣬʱԼ޲صǰºѽ飡
ңҪ˿˵ᷢʲôͻ䣡
ҪǣٻڰúڰٻǺڰҲҪһʱ䣡
ַѡģֻʣ˵ħˣ
ֻǣĿǰȻռָռָҲȫһЩ鼮߰Ķ֮⣬ʣµĿռ䣬ȫͲ
𡭡˿̿϶ǰﲻʲôæַҲʱʹãϾŸոմﵽԭΧԼĿĵǼԭڼԭ֮УȻΧΣյҪ࣬ԼҪµ
һνڵĵȫһͷųȥҪٽڵĵҪĵʵһǳֲ֣
ԡַ뵽Ψһ취ֻħˣ
Ȼѩ֮ħƵ˼£Ȼħڴ½˵ǶݳƷַ˿̸ûѡˣ
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˼һУת˲֮䣡
ǣַԥĴӿռָͳϿ˼ħᣬ̧ȺĻϵħǻꡱľͳĿ˹ȥ
ͬʱһ幥ġ桱ħҲ˹ȥַһ˲䣬ٶȥ
ء
ȱַӳȥġǻꡱȱӵлϵħСΪĻԪͻһſŹ㣬ĳͨǵȼŻȥ
ѩУΪĻԪȻܵ˲СƣƽԴ͸ħ޵ʹ˿ҲʹǵëƤ˼ħϾǰ˼ħһմǵëƤȼ棬ֻǶʱ㱻յĲҺΧĽŲɵҲûҡ
Ⲣû꣬漴˼ħġ桱ҲĽŵףǻ괿ĻԪزͬлűըԪأһӴԭͱը
ء
ŵһıըȺʱ˻֮УԶϰصȻҲǿһĻûдӵٴαԶĳסˣǳԾɫ
ַķ۵Ҳ̲ס¶һ˿ȡ
ϰص۵׳˾֮һݵģֻһ߼򵥰СȣһԶͶȥĿ֮µ۾Ե쳣
ŶϣѵķǸһġը𣿡ȺɱֿһұһֻǺ󣬿Զĳ棬̲סһ䡣
һذ׸һֻĿǵֻǰȣϲһ֮󣬴æпһַλãעһʣµĿתԴżĶֿ˴󺰵ֿˣʣµЩǽˣȥһķ
˵ţֿ˻شٶȳַڵλóȥ
ֿһ£ȻûϵݻҷһͷߵĿǣ϶ʱ¶˼ɫȻ˵ˣٺ٣Ȼ˵ˣİС㣬ֿһʧģ
£ֿ˾ͱ֮ǰ͵س˿ȺУ󴸻ӵĸǻǼٴȺеķӰһֻֻʬͬʱᴫһЦ


ڰʮ һǽǿʼ
Ҳͬʱŵ汬ըĻȼŻһ¾ͳַȥ
Ȼѩ֮䣬Ͼǰ˼ħеȻܵ˲С˺
ԭ̵ëƤ˿ѾýڣһֻǰצǱֱըȥһ˫ַϹ۾Ҳ˽ȥҲըһӣѪشǻȻһ㣬ڿѪڵںһּΪѹֵĵͺ
ʱȼĿһһĵ£Ͼַ磬׼ַ翴ųԼû㣬һӲͳͳȥ
һó׼ĹȻ֮ǰæ»ӳؽܱȵģڰյҲ޷ֻҲ֪һǱַĹ׼ŭ˻ǱһӶûĴջԴȻǼʳһ㣬һڳӲҧȥ
ⲻҧãһҧͱӲеĵУͷټΪУеҺҲ˵ãֻһͲܿƵĵڵء
ַҲЩǺܿͷӦ˹֪ȻԣҲֻһ˲飬ԣڵصһַ̣Ҳԥٴ˺Ӳ
ӲУַһҲᵽ˰գһֱ̣ȥ
ֻǣһ˲䣬ȻѾָȴͲԼƣһ˳ƾ˵ϣ
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ҪǣǿڵûйͷƾһƤ֧סĸѹ
һңӲͽͻѪͬʱ۵ӲɵҲҲһ΢غ
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أ
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һֱ֮ڱ½һ㣡
ַȻûֵĴ㣬ٶȸ߸߾ӲȴûżңǽеĶۼ˽ϣ貵İ׹̫ӳҫ۵Ĺԣе֮󣬲صĳȥ
أ
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ʱһֱڽ״ַ̬һƨһӲҲѵһһԡ
ַ磡ַ磡ŵİ˹һ±סڵϵַһû̫ˣ
ʱַϵ˿ѾϣһߴŴһתͷݣԵЩ졢ذ׸ĺ
һսַľƣ˿̧̾ڰָǸָͷԵġ
仰֮ƺڿ˻ڳ鴤ȷַû֮Ͻеذףӿ𴿰ɫĺʹһ
ۡ
һɸʴ΢ľһɹ̵ѪѪڿ䵽˱ϻðźĳ鴤ȴѾ
ԶֻʣĿƺʶͻȻתӲټǱųߵķ˹
ֻǣֿĿϷŹǣ
쵰ӵƤ¾Ȼܣֿŭһ׷ȥٶԭͱȿҪ죬ֻ۵Ĺ׷˿ǣ̧еĴ󴸾ͺȥ
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ƺǻûӷżҵɱлعصѪʬ壬Щ֪롣
߰ɣѾķɱˡ
кһ֮ǿӵվ˵СȻܲ㣬ʹһȳһյҧֳַķȥ
̧Ÿϵע⵽ƺЩͣȻϱǵצӻ˳һ˿ڣѪѾȾ˺£ȴûµһקק½ǣɲ䲻ôˣ
ҡҡû¡ڻָ˽࣬һۣͷԵ˵һ䡣
εϹһ˿ƺеĸпȴûеƣָָǰıӰСˣ·㣬ȥһ°ɡ
ŶŶ
ʰӦæ׷ҲֱͬͬӼסȻΪһʶҪԼʱ㸡һĨů
ʱϵĸë֮ҲڸԲַ߳ķ۹ȥ
Զİݿֹͣ鴤һ̲סٴӵסַ磺װġ㰲ȫˣ
ǺǣַҲһӵסݣοЦһ£ȴЩأݡ룬ֻʱȫˡ
Ŷַ绰лɵɻһ
ݣ֪ûע⵽ַһ£Ż³һֱһ뷨ֵܾĵطʵ̫ˣҸоͲǽǲŸոտʼһ㣡


ڰʮһ ս
ֵĵط
ʶɨһԭʬԭѩ׵ıԭ˿̱ʺ죬չһոǷһѪâһɹŻζвɵһ˿ëȻĸо
ѵЩȺֻǴսǰĵһ
ȻͨĿǶԼ˵ʲôвЩֻǵһӶĵڶħ޶ǰ˼ϵĻ뵽ݵɫرѿ
ǽȺַͻȻоһɣ¶ֵģһֻıڵϹЦ
˲ˣԼ֮£ϲɵøһĨ̺죬ŭ㡭쵰
˵ţ̧С򣬿ǣбûͷһȻģûַļϣ㱻ַһק˹ȥ
ݱͶַߣַͻһקͽ޷İק˻У
ŰһŴһ˿ͻţ˫Ȼŵ̺죬ַȻһ۵ĳ嶯ٺһЦͿٵһ°ӡ
ʵ˵Ȼּ׺ߵŮʱ䣬ַһֱԵúܱͻһһǣʱðиоͬʱһɬǹ߷Ҳ˲仯ãˡ
ַ翴ǰݺٳֵһģһ˿аͷǰȻź·ܸоıϾͻȻӿһȣȵĴ£ַ粻ɵס˰Ĳӡ
дϸ廬۵оַƺҲƲסļǹɳ嶯ȣŰŽεС죬ַ鲻Խıȥ
ݶʱһԴҲһ£һ̣оֻʣһ뷨Ҫôڿ϶
ͷݵŨŨ۵ͬʱҲ֮һǿҵΡ
ǣʱ򡭡
ȿȣšһԴΣȴЩǴ빦˶𣺡ǸС㣬ѾʣµĿȫɱˣ
һɳֵĲʱ򣬿Ϊ˵ֿȴһȻӳ䵱ŵݣֿôһϣַеǹɳ嶯ȴȥһɿݵĲӣԶҪӽϰˣεĵһֿˣӣ
˵䣬أ̾ϢһİݵĺʾԼߣȻվջغӲԶϰӭǰȥ·ֿ˵ʱ򣬲ɵøݺָͬʱﻹһ䣺úõնˣ
ȻҲܲˣԭһĵδ˿ת۳˿գٶЩӣӵվ𣬿һԶȥַıӰݶݺݵĵһֿˣſ첽ַķ׷ȥ
ֻֿһվԭԶʧ񡭡Ƭ̺޹ʼ磬ԼĲӣȻһץһѾսʬ壬תַͰݵıӰ󺰵ιⰡ


˿̣ΪѪζħޣѾ뿪˷ǱѪȾıԭһԽϰȫСֻ꣬ǣʱշǵûжɣÿ˵϶һء
Ϊڴսĵ׶һʡ
ƽⱱԭϸͲָߵħޣһֻħѾʵȻ˴Ѿӽ˼ԭΧϰһ·ϵĽ⣬˴ӦڱԱġȫشŶԣҲ˵طħ޸Ͷ˹ʲôв
ǣС֮Уӵа˼ʵϵַ⣬ʣµĸ˲һˣ
շ򸾺ֵȻѾ˲ĸëЩϸС˿Ҳ˲ѪǻоʹޱȣңնӱǻһĿӣȻڶı²ûбǻӣôһĿӻ˲Ѫ
ֵܰһֱֻѪģ֮ǰ»ܷὣиȴˡ
صĵյɷ˹ϱץǵǣȻѾ˼򵥵İûйƣһ¶ϡ
Сϵ˵ӰĻҪ˵;»Щѣֻǣ·𲢲ںһطҲ̸ƺָֻԭȹƧӡ
Ҫ˵ģˣαϵǵ˿ںǳò˼ϣֱϵ˿ҲӰ
ֻǣŴϸָ˿ڣ˶侲֮вɵöоر죬ַ̾һ˵˴ﶼڿǵ⣺֪ﶼ֣ΪʲôûＫԭͻôһ֧ȺҵҲ֣ͬҲ侲˼һ£֧ȺеɵҲǳ࣡


ڰʮ ˿־Ĳ²
ɵ㣿ֿһŴӿϵõħˣһ̧ͷѯַһ䣬˽ǿŰ˼ħӸַ磺ɱģħ˹㡣
ַһѽӹħˣһ£̾һ˵ŴҶ֪ǹڱԭκϣӸֳӶ͸¶ĿͷϣһƬط˱֮µħȺͲг˼ħޣħҲټôһ֧ɰ˼ĴȺ
仰˶ʶĵ˵ͷ
Ʋȥⲻ̸֪ûע⵽
˵ַһ£֧Ⱥʵ̫ˣҸϮֻΪΪʼֿɱͷ̽ĿǸֻǵΪͷǱĻǻ۸߳ĹħǻȺ
ֻ֪ĹңͲѡѣǸʱɹƿǵǻ۸ܵͣΪͨҰҲڲ֮ѡܣʵ֤ǻ۲ͣΪ֮ǰȻмƻģȣǳ֮ȺͬʱҲںˡ
˵䣬ַ⿴˰ݺֿһַۣ˼ͷȷϵһ£ֿ˻˼һ䣺ǵģȺֱһ֧ӣ
ǰ
ַȻһʼʱǶǸƭˣΪڳˣԱ˾裬˭֪ǳ˵һ֮չԶħħͶǹʲôвҲΪûиȺӶõʱ
ֱȺͷųһĴʱҲ˿ȺĿµС꣬Ȼʶ֮ǱչС껹Ǳ繥ƣŻÿȺϮҵǸ
˵ţַһֻǣ˵ȴ¶һ˿Ȼϵ˿ڶΪַʧɵģҲ⡭˭뵽˵ĿǾȻ뵽ƿС֮ٽйأ˭뵽Ȼô߳ǻأ
ԣҴĵҲûַ磬ݺֿ˵ļʱִмֻǣͨ˴¼Ҳǵĵ׶δ֪ļԭһ˿־壬ѵ˼ħ޶Ÿ߳ǻ
ַһλ׽еĿ־Ŵˣôһ֧ȺȺһзٶǲǿΪֹǼ룿οǵĻǲǾڰʾǣԭʲô⣿ȺôҪĹأֻ˵ǵĿľ뵲סǰĽŲ
£СĳԱʱ˳Ĭ֮У˶ϸϸƷζַĻͼҵһ˿©зҲǵõһ㰲οǣַ˵ĺѧԱǸҲԷַɣϲɵöһɳ֮ɫ
ֿüͷͻȻðһ䣺ĻһԱȫˣ
ûҲû˵Ⱥٶ˳֮УֻΧȴԭͳصԵӳ
ǶŰɣַ̾Ϣһֻµʱ䣬ûѡˣֻҧ뼫ԭ
֪̽ˮֻµʱЧԱѧԺ涨ÿҵѧԱǰԭʱҲΪ£ңڻصѧԺݽ֪̽ˮʱ򣬻Ҫ֪̽ˮʱЧû꣬£ħ˷ѧԺҲõѧԺϿɣֻ˾ͻĵ¶ʱ䣬ԣѧԱʱͲ࣡
˭Ҳ֪ԭǷĳʲô飬ǳʲôĻҲ֪ʲôʱŻԣѧԱǵѡֻһǾӲͷƤ·
ȻҲѡʹԭ·أֻǣѧԺﰾô꣬ߵһۿҧּܳɹ˭ʱѡأңСһ壬ͻȻһѡĻСۺʵҲܵӰ죡
ԣѧԱǶû˵Ĭѡ˼ǰһ·
ˣһǲҪˣûѡ񣬻ǶԵ㶫䲹Ȼ·ɣַ˵仰ʲôϽǽǵﲻ˼ԭˣҿȻỹһ΢ȫĵطӪɣ϶˲̶ͬȵˣҸҹɣ
˵䣬ַ㲻ˣӿռָͳһѲ𣬸ֿ˴һɫ
ǾǣҪιҶˣӲ밡ֿ˺ϵĺһ䣬ȻڱϺСӣַӹĲȥܵԶһ׼õĿʬ壬İʬƤëֿ࣬ٵķֳɼ飬ͼַڵϵĳľֽ⴩˴
ֿһ֣˱Ƚ΢κյҲڶǣʱһֱĬͻȻӵվɨһȦˣ˰죬󣬻³һ仰ʡҿǰ뿪𣿡


ڰʮ ľ
һ仰Ͱ˵Ŀⶼ˹ȥַʶüͷ˵һ䣺˵ʲô
վ˵Ŀ֮£ԵЩţⷬѾڶ˺ܳʱ䣬˿̱һҧһ˵˳ڴʵ͵ģҪɱħ޵ʱҲﲻæ۴ңһΣҪκҵĻȺˡҼȻѾõ˿ǵħˣԡҾǰȻصСϵŴҡ
˵ԽԽСΪԼġܡѾ֮ɫ
ȻεġŶӺѧԺûй涨õħ˵˲뿪ֻǣΪܶݣʷҲûеõħ˾뿪ˣһ⡣
ַĻеЩȣ˵ܰ˵֮еĻʵ֮ˣ̲סһֻۣǣ·Ȼһ㣬ô
ǣĻշ򸾺ֵȴһϲɫǿȻС׸˼ԭ֮Ǹ鷳˳ĻǾֻиˣῼ
ңɱôǣħ˸ȥڴʱ뿪飬ǿʵһǡľ
ֻǣַȴһݵģ˿̣ɵǰߣ뷨ǣȻطΣյĿȺ˭Ҳұ֤ص·ǲǻΣգŴһ·Ļ뻹ܵõһЩӦ
ҡҲ£Ȼͷ۽ǵ鵽üı飬ӿһɳ嶯ͻȻַĻһǿӣֻǣƺҲʶԼЩ³çϽһ䣺㡢ġҿ϶ܰȫرСġ
ðɡַ̾һļʾοֻǣ˼Ƭ֮ȻתŴңţľӦû˻ᷴԡ
仰ûѯʵ˼˵쳣϶ֻǣ˵仰ͬʱҲĿ˵ɨһȦ
һᣬϸͿʲôݵԴһ˿ģ֮µ˭ҲµʲôϰѾԶԶ˿ŻڱļԭֻˣַĿɨʱЩ
ַ翴ĵΪأȻĿСһ²ؼӼֿϣҳ˹ȥֿˡ鷳һ顣
ʲô£ֿʶתͷַ磬Ҵӵվѵһΰô
Ȼǡַ˿Ҳûֿ˿Цֱӿżɽ㻤һ𷵻رС򣬵ȻŰ˼ħҲġ
˵ַһ仰ͬСɣʱһըһСѧԱбը
ʵѡ˳ԶӰǵ٣һЩֿҲѡ˳ĻСʵȻҪ»һأңδ֪ļԭ֪ȴĽǺΣգֿʱ뿪˵һĴ
ԣַµһ˲䣬Ƣ𱬵նʱˣֻǣַǿʵѹʱ鼱֮¿Ҳûжô壺ķֿҲҪ뿪ĻǶʵȻҪһۿˣңղҲ˵ˣԭ϶ǳʲô⣬룬ǲӦ÷ɢֻŽһǲŻиļʴ
һ仰ȻѣҲһʵַ統Ȼ֪˵һ㣬ֻǣԼȥôܷģ
գ֪ǶԴҲ𣬵ǣ뿪ҲǶĲ𡣡ַͼûλ˼ķʽȰ˵ա
ǣձͲǺƢˣַôһ˵ʱͻðɣǿѹ˵һ䣬ֻǣһȴǳƣķҶֿ֪ͬѣǣѵ㲻ô˽𣿡
ˣַ绹û˵ͻȻһ˵Ŀٴ˹ȥֻǣһΣϵĽʧȡ֮һƽԼȥͿˣκ˻͡ллʱҵչˡ
˵ţ˾һȻת·첽ȥ
ַû뵽ͻȻ־ٶ鼱֮£Ҳ˲յĻ㳯׷ȥ
ȻҲûϵԼĻ̼оԼ˵Ҳûʲôԣɵֱۣ⽫Ŀ˿
𣿡ַһץסĸ첲żԼһ˻ȥӶѣҪֻħޣͱǵʳˣ
ַ硭ģҿ϶ƽȥġǾǿֻǣ˫ַӵȴ˵ûġ
ַۿˣһѵ˶Ķѵ㲻뱨ǶԼĲ𣬸Ƕ˵Ĳ𣡣֪ȻΪ˱ԭϣô룿ԲںԼҪǲں˶ĻھߣҲȰˣҾ͵ʶûĵˣ
һ仰ʱɫ԰ףվԭ˵ַ翴һŻ˵㻹ɣȻԭҪΣգֻҪߣұ֤Բ£
ǡǿɬЩǵġ
ҵģַһһֿ˸һȥ
˵䣬شĸ첲ͳȥ˿Ҳû˷ͷַȥ
λ֪ڴҿһ˽Ҳȥ˵һЩʲôȻĻȥʲô
ַĿһһɨˣһشľһ㣬һż˵ȥŴҿ϶ע⵽֮ǰսʱĳʱҲңǵȷħǻʵİ˼ϵħҪΪʲôħᡭҿԺܸεĸߴңֻҪֿͬ˸һ𷵻أҾ͸ÿһ˼ϵħһ˼ϵħᣡ
ħַ˵ﶼףȻѾ˲²ַ֮ǰǽսʱʹõħᣬħϾ̫󣬶Ұ˼ķħսʿķˣ˭Ļħᣬôô׵ľ͸أ
˵˭Ҳ뵽ַʱȻ˵Ļңһ˼ħᣬһ˼ħᣡ


ڰʮ ظ
һ̲ʶĴһ£ͬʱҲһµ뷨ķʲôˣܶһӶûİ˼ħôࣿ⵽˵󻰻ʲô
ַ翴ϵı飬Ͳ³˼֣Ҳ˵ӿռָȡһħڵһһڿչʾ˵ǰ
ʵ˵ַ˽ܵ͸ǿŵʯһħħҲʲôǣܰеħᶼһ꣬ҲȫϿɰ˼ħᣬܽȫϣԣ˿̵ϵһħռָһ˼ħᣬʣµĴֻԼ߼ħᣬû˼ħȡ
ǣİȫһЩħʲôء
ķ
һֱĬԭصʱͻȻվС˿ڵʹһüͷǼֳַһ˹ӻͳһַǰ߼ϵħӦҲ㽻ʦİɣ
һ˵仰óžᣬ˵ɫ̫ÿգ˿̣üͷѾһƺЩַ硣
ַΪٶЩøУ˿̣Ȼ̫⣬ǵ˵ͷϵǵġ
һ䣬ٶ˵ʲôͻȻת泯˳˵λĿǰһ߼ħᣬŸλҲ֪ħϣҲ˵ʲô
ʵҾķûʲôԵĵطķĹϵҲ˵ҲףķȥĻ롭ҲŻòԣһ˶룬һͬĺѶ֮ˣôȥԱ˸Σյʱ򣬵һܵĿ¾ͻ
һ䣬ԵΪǿӲȴûʱһ£һԶɫգּ˵ҲΪķ˽˽оͲһ߼ħᣬ˽룬ԲֿȥԼߣ
ңʱ򣬿°СҲķȥǿŰ˼ħ˱ٵĻƾķСʵٻһαҵҲͲʲô£
˵һ䣬еˣ̾ϢһСϴʹߵһԻ£˵һ䣺ҵĻô࣬˵Ҳ˵ˣ˳Ҳֿ̬ͬ˻뿪
˵һ˵ĺпϣһֱܵ͵ǹƧ˽ͻȻ˵ô໰ɵ˺ǾȣԼ˿̲ɵҲЩ⡣
ַȻҲЩ죬Ҳ֪ʱǽʱȻΪʲôԼץסϽ˵˵㻰ֻҪλֿͬ˻뿪Ǿͻõһ˼ϵħһ˼ϵħᣬʳԡ
˵䣬ַĽһ˼ħһ˼ħĽŵס
ͬ⣡ݺܺʱ˵˱̬ߵַ߼ħᡣ
ƲһۣҲַǰħᣬͬʱû
һͷ˳֮Ҳ׷˱̬һһһŰ˼ħᣬϾõ˼ħʧȥһսʿҪֵˣ룬Σͷõ˼ħȵȴһսʿԼҪʵĶ࣡
մ˿̵ɫѿԼɷ˰Ҳֿͬ˻뿪оؿھͷ·ѹһʯһ㴭һߵ֮£ҲûѡأֻҧҧǲʵҡҲͬ⣡
˵䣬Ҳ˵ħᡣ
ˣ
ַڳһҲ¶˾Υοĺ󱳣ͶȥһмĿ⣬ǲǿԼ񣬾ͳֿ˹ȥϿҵ˵ֿˣ鷳ˡ
ǣֿȴڴʱüͷһԸķһʼǶûǲԸ⻤ء
һ仰ԭѾٶȽ
˲ɵöסˣֿǴ㵣°ϱҲֿͶȥĿ⣬ԭһԶϰشʱҲתͷ
ַڰվ˼ħ˵ִ˿Ҳʱסˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ֿʱȻ˵ôһ仰˭ҲڿʼʱӦȥѯֿ˵
ַҲ齫ֿ˸ˣʱɫɵñЩѿ
ǣҲַΪεʱ򡭡
ںҲûѡˡֿԭŵڴʱͻȻתΪ˿Цһַħ˿ٳķ˹ȥ
һͻıʣַٴԭأӦʱȴֿܵĸǰһһ㣬ַҫħˡ
һĻɵַЩݸԭ㵵Ⱥ˿Ҳ̿
ַûİֿۣͳ˴ʼϵĲȼ˳кˣҶôʱˣʼ׼òͰɣ
˵ţʰϴõļ⣬Զֿ˹ȥ
ֿ˻⣬ӹ֮ڵϺһӣֽһԵĲӽ˿ַϵĽһеĲȼҲ˵ϵ⿪ʼ

ʱַԱһЩصĻ⣬Ŀľĵ׵ǷԱš
ʱһԵϰַߣӣƲַһۣСһˣ
Ҳںַ֪ϰָħᣬһ߿⣬һ߳ϰͶȥһ΢ЦЩ֮ʲôֻںںܺúõĻš
һظˡϰزĵĿַһ䣬ͬʱҲѵȻǺ¡еʱҲɻ¡
ס
ַصĵ˵ͷһϰؼҴΪ֮ԻţΪЩںˣΪΪһУѾ֮ܳģԡ
˵ַһ£ĿתһԳƤİݣͻȻѾģĲӵǰǲɵùһ˿Цݡ
ȥ³ſϰؼԣҲʧҺѵõ鲢СûںˣںˣҾòŽȤҾá˻ţŸû塣
СһԵĺڰڵġϣܸı˵˼Ķ̫࣬ǰֱһϰصͻȻĪĹԡ
ַĬһҡҡͷ֪Ҳסҵѡ񣬶ҲΪҵѡڡ浽һĸ


ڰʮ ַĵ
ˣСһҿɲڸ̽ѧϰַļ򣺡ֻ̫ظ飬˵ֻԼ
˵ţַػϰѾվȴûż뿪Ƿַ˵һ䣺ѾӮĺøС
仰ϰر㲻ٶ˵һתԶȥ
ַ粻ɵüʶľͳһӰԵЩ¶˹ȥ
˵Сȶܶţֻڵϳһտʱ򣬰̾Ϣһ￾Ĳȥ
ò˵ַԸƧȴְԼѾ˲ٺøУߣӣĿ˹ȥɣѾˡ
ллŤͷַһۣûоַܾĺ⣬ӹеĿ⡣
˵ллӦҡַЦһ£ɴֱԣܿóƺкøС
ŶЩ⣬ַָʲôЦһЦȴЩ꣺ҸԸĳЩطЩɣ
ָǣΣֵַЩˡ
һ䣬ƺ̾һٿַ磬ǵͷĬ˺һ㽫Ŀϱߵķ֮󣬲ŻҲһԱˣҵҳеϵΣֻǣڶˣҲʶ˺ܶ಻ӱܵĶĵȻЩԱȴûѡ񣬲òԱĵס
һ棬ϿҵӰӣֻҪҸĶ࣬ӵѡ񣬶ңôһظѡ
һλַʱĬ֮˫Īʵӣоһᡣ
һ̣ȻǲݣƺЩֲȺı֣̲סļ򣬰οһ䣺Ҳеģ٣ӽԸõѡ
˵ţַùĿ⣬̽ٴηȼյĲϼţӰ񣬸ûע⵽µһ̣֮µУһ˿ȡ
ֻǣһ˿ֻȻ۵ֱʧӰ١
ͺװֿ˺˱ּӽ·
֮ô뿪һ¿ζȥ֮ħǰǵʱѾˣ
ΪȺʼδĳ֣˴Ҳٵʱ䣬ϴ󲿷϶Ÿָж㣬֮ǰͺѸϵԭΧٵȥĻ֪̽ˮʣʱЧ¾Ͳˣ
ԣȻ󲿷ϻˣ˭ûбԹ
ҲĬĬͨԭ·ϣҪʲôħȺˣ򣬻ûлָƵˣҪˣĻԼ뼫ԭǣһСĴ
ͬʱҲϣġ;һ˳
ΰĹ˵֮ǰûħȺֵǣһ·һֻħ޶û
ƽͨ弶ħޱܶӰ
Ҫ֪飬Ƿڸ뱱ԭʱҲᷢοⶼҪӽԭˣ
ôһֻħ޶أ
ɵ￪ʼֹ
Ȼ˭û˵ڣÿȴһĿ־塣
Ǽԭ׷ʲô
Ȼÿ˶ǰ·̲סģǶ֪뻹ҧȥԣҶĬû˵ڣֻȴѹ
ʱڣ¹ڱϣñͼžıԭһĲҰס
һ·ѧԱǶѾ׷֮У˵ѧԱϽϢʱ߶ӿ˿һȻץʱϢϾʱ򣬴Ҿܴﵽԭˡ
ֻ˾ڳδ֪ΣյļԭдļʲŻ󣬺ο˶Ѿоʱļԭļԭһˣ
ַ罫ݺ˯֮˳ű໹һСʱ·̵ļԭĬ
һʶֶ͵ıɽ¹ӳģַֻоеѹԽԽ
Ŀǰֻʣ˾Ÿˣȥϰ֮⣬ʣµİ˸˵УҲֻԼݵûʲôˣ˾ɱڵĶҲʣ޼Ȼһ·ϻָһЩָĶʵ̫ˣ
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ֻǣԭƺһƬţַ罫ڵĵ֮ȴûзһֻħޣ
ַʱҲȥЩôҲף뼫ԭ֮Ȼͻ֪
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ֻǣһΣΪյԭָҲַо;в̶ͬȵС
ƽʱĻ϶ַ˰죬ǣǰԼѾԶļԭַȴô˲
ʱ˵ΧҲûħ޵ңַ粻ϸϸɱʱ顣
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ȥȻֻصϣַҲƲסеķƣʹҧҧһ󵨵ľ
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ٴǿԼ侲ַϸϸĿֵķ
֮ԽԽǿڵԼһҲǸڵ˹ֻ˲䵽ĿǰɱһȺǵˮ׼
ңַƣԼڵһԵڵĻܽɱϰغ͵Ķܣ
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ڴæĽս֮УַҲѾע⵽վСϹۿԼݡˣƤϺҲ˼˼ȴȥԣֻħ֮ͳڵǸС˹ȥ
ǣʱ򡭡
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⡢ʲô˹Ϊϵ˿ڻδϣһ¾ͱƵڵء
ûü˵ʱַı桰ءһѿɢɽͬʱһ޴Դ¶˳
ԴһСͳǱһ㣬챦ʯķɫӳԵüΪ䣬ôӸµ·⧲ֻԾַܿ磬һһӡ
æжַæתÿСͳǱһԴϣһԱӣԼ
һ̣ԭµˮͻȻĺһ߰ŻַڵĽ࣬ƺܶ˵ĵף˲һǰδеĿ־壡
ԶеѧԱͬϰڣɫ˲òҰף
һ̣ǵԺ֮У·һֲ飬ǸоԼվǰһ㶷־
Ҳһ̣ǸԴͻȻ׵ĳַ˹ȥ
䡪
һ¿ɲЩ߼ħͷŵıܱȵģ㽫ҳһ󶴣ˮɽͬʱҲٶȽһ޴Ŀӣ
ַٶٿ죬Ҳ㲻ôһӰӣʱͱ˱ˮ֮Уֻǣ޴Դˮ׵ʱȴͻȻһĵ
໡
żȷŭĺ𣬹̶ȳѪʱӸ߿ɽڰһεԴͱԵȻһԴһĶ
ַһŬץסðѪĴ󶴱Եһŵ罣ڴ󶴵ıԵţÿһΣɫƤͬʱܻһ˶ĿӣϻŲٱԵЩǱ
ȻЩ˿ڴԴԵСҲоʹ˦ԴͬʱҲȻһ
ַ籾ץŴ󶴵ıԵܵѪĸѹһַҲץס㣬ʱͱȳľƷ˳ȥ
أ
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ʱַҲԶϰصһۣǲãһоͶʱ󾪣˲æ˴󺰵ħħȺġϽס䣡
һ˶ʱʹ˵ĶУ˴˿̲Żһڻָ˽ࡣ
ַ֪ħϵһֺľϵħԷ־Ļþʱ䳤ˣͻ˵һּΪ񶾵ġɱεеĿֲħ
ֻħľȴǼֻҪţǸͲܳɹһһ鷨ʦֻǵʱͷţԱﵽеͨ˶õĿģֻǣͨøͲܴҲûж鷨ʦȥͷС
ħ鷨ʦ֮⣬ҲֻħȺſͷųˣħȺὫԷͨñ
ԣַһϰصҲ˲ѡ
ǣַ纰һ佫ϰص˵ϣȻ͹˲ħߣ⻰Ļո£ħٶϮ
ֻǣһΣħЩˣֱԸַ磬ſͣһ
˲䣬ŵϵ飬ַҲܿƵһ׵Ѫпٷȥ


ڰʮ 

ѹİÿһĻƲסļľ־ĸߺ˳ҲϰصȰ裬ȫ߶ٶȳħķȥ
һַ̣Ѿħ˴֮У
ֻǣַûЩһֱӵħĶؼʱõ罣̴ħһݣ漴罣սڣץס罣̴Ǹӹһ١
ħһݸַһСȻеʹҲħһַ̣翴׼ʱҲһħ
ֻǣһͣͱһɼȳζַǿ̸зӿĸоæӿռָȡһħʯ
ħʯҲħƵĺģͨħܷ֮Ϊװһħˮַֻ΢ħʯйעһ˿ħħʯɢ͵Ĺߡ
ȻûԤϵԼħȻˣҲẦ£
ڵħħַͣﲻЦ
ߣ֪ôʰȻˣȻ
ţַϸѰźʵŵ㣬׼һڳħħ
֪ħ޶ӵħˣħ޵ħ˶ͷеλã൱Ĵԣֻħ˵ĴСħޱħ޵ĵȼҲ˵ֻħħթǵħ˴ϰȦ
ַҲףȳûж͵У֧Ų˶೤ʱ䣬ħȻˡԼȻĿתƵϰص˵ϣҪǣݿ϶Լħ븹УʧͻȻԶº󣡣
뵽˴ַ粻ɵЩļѡλúͽɢŹâħʯΪ۽ģʽʱһֱ䶥ˣž۽Ǹ㣬ַٴȡһħʯ뾫֮ٶȳħڴȥ
ħӵмС̣ЩСǰħиʳֻһΣȴַߡ
ħʯâ£ַС̲һģʱѾ˲࣬üͷħʯַת
Ŀǰ˼ٶȣֻգ֮˶ˣֻǣڶоͱȷٶ˲٣ҺħͲûԴô󣬺ܿ죬ַе˾ĴԶĵط
ǰǵ۽Ĺַµеħʯһץס˵С̣һֻϣĵ罣Ϣֳ
˿˫С͵һţ˱㳯۽Ĺ߷ȥ
棬˿Ҳַĵһ㣬ħѾϰصչ˹ֻǣħڽַ̽ȥ֮󣬾ǽĸһϰصˣָųȺħչ˹
ıűӶɽУϰصĴ֮󣬸ϽԭķȥǣϢһȻж˿ϣϾûȬͰ˹ƾȲæӦͬʱٶҲ
ħȻڱ֮¶ڱϵȺλ׼ٶȴǱ˿˼˵Ϊ˵ƶÿδܳ涼УҲ˶٣˲Сţ
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˵ĶûٶȵԣֻϰصĶҪڰݣȻܳȥϰػ׵׷
С㣬ߣħֻ߼ħޣǱˮǿɾͱˣϰһµڰǰֹǰ
ַħ̽ȥˣݸϰصȰ裬˵ħķٶȳȥ
ء
ͻȻһֻħӰݵǰĳ棬ſھͳҧȥ⧲İֻܺݺݽذ׳ȥκذ׵ʵ̫СȻ׵Ĵ̴ħıƤǣݴæ֮Ȼ˳ħ˿ڹעȥ˺ذ׵ĺڰĸʴԡ
ϰؿ¶ɫæᶷճħһȭ׷ϰ֮Ҳ˲࣬ŰݾԶȥ
ء
ϰصĶըͽֻħĶըһϡã漴Ȼס
С㣬ˡϰصɫģСһﲻô׾ȷȫ֮һڵһʱ䷵ȥ
زþȫ޷ϰżսʿĻʱɵЩǻظһĻѾħ̽ˣ
ϰҧҧôһ־Слܴˣôܾô
Һú£Ѿˮزҹȥɣ
Բ𡣡ϰؼǴＷô֡
زǵÿɪ𣿡ݷ·˼ľģ̸飬֪֮ԷĴԼʹ֮Ϊһ֪ĹǰµԡزʱĿ̵ɪյһĻң᲻᲻һгȥһ
仰ϰضʱһ𣬲µĲȴûлңֻ˫һ˿ײʹ࣬סԼǸС㡭Ҿܾش𣡡
϶ᣡ֪϶ģݸоϰһ˲·ץסǸһ㣬˵֪ɪǸ׵ĵˣûʱ׷ȥزһʹ࣬һķϣҰɣ
С㡭ϰصŨỤ̃ʹһ٣һ˵ǸЩҶѾˣ
ţǺ֮׶
硪
ĶˤһϰصĴ𡭡
һ̣Ȼͣӡ·ǰֳһгֹεӰӡ
㵡Щ֪롣
УǱʲôסһ㣬˵Ҳ


ݴϰػѣĨһϵˮȫתԶħȥֻкХĿһ仰ƮϰصĶߣزԲ𣬶Բ𡭡
ǾþòɢôصߣС


ݴ˿ѹ֣Զһħһ·ϮħйѹֵĶڶĸʴиʹ൹أԼԽԽħв񺰣ַ磬ˣҲɱһҲ븹УԶĸһ𡭡
ǡ
ͻȻʱ
ݾͿԭһħͻȻʹĺ
ħȺ·õһٻһ㣬ϮκˣתһͷԽˮﳯħķȥﻹһȥΪʹ
һ̣ħԴͻȻðһ޴Ѫӣǹ̵Ѫֱʣ·Ҫһ㣡

̵Ѫڵϣðһ̣ħһСɽһȻء
ԡ
ԭΪ֮ǱƺҲħȺΪ֮
ܳԶε˴˿Ҳ̲סתĵһ̣ϰҲ޴ĺлȻת
һ̵ͬʱĿҲʶѰַӰӣһħͷðѪѪӰʱ֮У͵شһɻȰĳ嶯
·ҲƲסԼ첽ǸӰȥ


ھʮ 
Ѫ۵ַ翴ѾĿȫǵıԭɵôʧɫæĴȥȿԼǸӰвһ
ݣߣַ˲ϵ۹һ߳ӭȥһߴ󺰣ħˣħȺͻˣ
ĻħȺʹİ治ϵԶԶ
ַȴȻִĳǰȥһ̣ûʲôı棬ûЩħȺֻг󺰵Ǹˣ
ַ翴ԼİݲЩļ˵ľ벢ԶһԷܿ죬˾;ۼһ
ַ磬֪Һ£һӵסַ磬Դǰĺ£ĺʧȥ㡣
ɵϡַͬסݣеǿʯͷҲ䵽˵ϣ֪˵ز˾ħȺǵ죬ͻ﷢ĹݣħȺϰԡ
뵽ַ̾һæһȦϽԻеİݵݣߣò˶طı¾ͻᱻħȺɱˣ
ȵȣز̧Դ˵ͷΪϰصﲻ˵仰ǣתϰԭͣĵطʱȴϰһ߳Լ߿ٳһߴʾԼˡ
ַȻҲϰصƣ԰ݵؽҲڴأ
ʶĵ˵ͷȴЩ̵ϰأǣڵĳݲ룬ֻǿһ۱ַٳȥ
ϰؿַͰڿʼܣ㲻ˣһߵ򱱷ȥһ߳ѾԶԶӿȴǺΣʶħѪӿ׳۳ε˴󺰵쵰ϽܣŸʲôѵڵħȺħȫϵˮ𣿸
һȻ˶ԶԶͳε˴˹ȥһ£ȺࡱѧԱһγһȫȥ
ȻͰ˹Ϊ˲˶ж㣬˿ϰصĻҲ͹˲ϵƣҧȥǿɶҪıħˮǵȴǵľֻ
ַ˺ϰؾε˽ԶΪ˹ʵ޷ȫ·˵ĶѾﵽ˼ϣûĹ򣬾Ѿ׷ˣ
Ϊչ˵ٶȣַֻܷ˽Ųܡ
ֻǣΪ˿̵ռΪţҲ˲˵ҧ򱱷ȥ
Ҿ;뼫ԭͲԶƽĸ·ʱ䣬һСʱܵĿǰȫĸ·ٶȣм䲻ĻʮӾܸϵ
ʱʱɳΪ˴̵ĳ룬ֻҪ˼ԭȻħȺ׷ǱɽĸӻɲҴǣʱڱħ׷ϣǵȴ˵ģֻˮˣ
Ͼˮħǵ£ԭµˮУܷӳʵϵʮ֮һ
ʱħȺͻȻһĺУ˶лûʲôַɫ䣡
ҿһ㣡ħȺҪ׷ˣַһ˲࣬һѱں·񡣲ԸԸͽ˼ϣͬʱϰغؽ鷳һ°˹
ʵַϰؾѾ˰˹յǰΪ˹ʵأһֻ֮ռ·ˣ˿̿ϰعϰؿڽ˹ĵ˵ͷ
ʱַַҲǺ󷽵ħȺǵ죬ľħȺ׷Լ֮ǰϵԭԣҲ
Ҳͬ룬ħȺ߰ոµʱ򣬾ͽԶѵ
ʱлͷȥܿʱϴӱԾ̽λõħȺϵһ㣬ס˸ոմӶ̽ͷĽųƬƬıѣٳܵķ׷
ֻǣȻҶæܣԽԽ뵽ħȺԼһһž롣
ȻѧԱǵٶѾܿˣǣħȺռεƣڱµˮǱУѧԱǵٶȸǿ˺üֻΪʧȥħġλָӣֻʱʱͻƱ̽ѧԱǵλãƵǰıǱˮм׷Ž׷ɱٶȡ
ѧԱħȺľ뻹һһıš
ǿǰԽԽıɽѧԱǵпͷˣ
˲ϵıܣǰĻҲӳֻǰһ޴θ£Ŀⴹֱ߶нӽʮף֮һʵıɽֱʣһһ˾޴Ӿ
ԭҲΪֽߣֻҪ˸£Ǿ͵ڵ˼ԭ˵ΣҲ֮ϾħȻܻ棬ٺʮףȻħҲѻˣ
㣬ٿһ㣡ַԼħȺ˵Ĵž󣬸Ͻٴδߴһǰ治ԶǼԭˣ
һ䣬ֳһԵİݺݣǰȥǿǣΣյħޣһҪסܣ
ַԼȥϾ޼᲻ݵĵ罣ΣյħҲкܴΣգǣļϿֻܽ½ȥȻдڼԭȦΪ⣬ħεǲĵ˰һ䡣
֪˿̲Ƕ˵ʱ򣬾æ˵ͷͼӿٶȳϳȥ
ǣһԵϰȻҲַݸոռӿٶûԶͶַ纰СһϵңСһȥҲģ
ǣұ׼ʱʰ׷ħȺҶȡһЩʱ䡣ַҧҧܾϰصҪ
ϰһյַһѶԼһͷͬʱȥϰôܼԹۣͳˡķΧˣ
ϰ仰ַϳصɫʱһᣬæӿٶȳ׷ȥֻһ仰ԽԽı˹ллؽ
ҲʱѧԱħȺѾףЩ鶼ѾҵѧԱǵĺŸϡ
ʦ°ɣ㿸޷ħȺֻҪӵңܿճһֻˡԽԽħȺƽ˵һ䡣
ϰɫһ䣺ܣҪˣ
ħȺѾ׷ˣƽһ䡣
ϰüͷͻȻ˵ԼţӻһȺٶȣסҪͷȻһٿǣ
˵һ䣬ϰرһ·ˣͻȻͣӻȻתͰ˹һ䣬Ҳ˲࣬ǿϵʹȫǰ
ϰһͻȻħȺſ˫ۣȫת˫Ͽٵţһ̳ԲһĶϰصǰ֯һԽԽħȺϰضȻ̵Ķ˳ȥ
ȴײħȺϰæתٳǰȥ׷Ͱ˹˿ϼ磬һ߼ǰ׷˵ĽŲһߴ󺰵㣡
Ҳ˵仰ͬʱӳȥĶӭħȺҲڲϷŴһŴɫĶôۣħȺȴ·ûһ㣡
һ̣ӭħȺ
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˲䣬ϵıըÿըһһȺħ豻ըѪ죬Ǹ͵ֵסżĴݲУ
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ֻǣϰصһ³ɹٴľ롣
ʱַҲ׷˸ոյϸ»ûܼİݣݣȥˣһǰɣԼȥͿˣ
˵ţַҲȰݻشȫϿٱȥͬʱ罣ҲѾС
Ҳ֪ʱǽʱæתٴγѧԱȥڱҪʱҲϰһһħȺ׷
ʱѧԱҲ嵽˸µףֻǼ֮䣬ѧԱҲ˸£æ˻ϣϰش󺰵زȥ潻Ұɣ
С㣬עһ㡣ϰ֪ԼûħȺ˰һ֮ͼӿٶȳȥ
ѧԱȻڽƽıϱܣٶһ¾Ҳ֪ĸ߶Ȼȫһ߼ѧԱȥһʱעħȺҺԥͳذףȫذϾۼŶ
ٶһħȺ˵ľʱɱĿʱѾвٱħս˵ߣѧԱæŶܵͬʱٶȲɵٴδ
ֻһʱ䣬ǰһֻħʱѪڸ߸Ծ𣬴ӿгŰϵѧԱ


ھʮһ Բ
ݿԽԽӰӣԥתöذ׳ſһ
ۡ
ذϵĶ漴ΪһӰȻеֻħӭȥӰڷȥҲڲϵţħײһ̣Ķһ¾ͽһΣѪ漴ӿ£ֳʬʱһµƷɳȥԣͬʱҲŵһֻħ衣
ʱѾϵַȷϲħ֮󣬾͸Ͻһ·ӭȥһ߶˴󺰵氲ȫȥ
ѧԱǹ˲ÿнµѪĳ¶ȥûɱԼͬħı£ǸͲһͷ
ַںֻ֮罣ﰲݽһֻ³ħ裬˲ϢкǿҵĹâɵҲħһ򣬱Ͻ԰ݵݣҲȥ󽻸ˡ
Ȼַеĵ罣ʲôַֻһæ˵ͷһ׷˵ĽŲһҲʱԿбϮ
ַ˶֮󣬱㹭һӸ߸ӭ˷ԾڰеħȺߵͬʱַҲĿٻӳ˼
ӯĵ罣Ǳ׾ĺӲڿͣһ̣㹻ַӳüˣ
ÿӳһϢеĵ𣬳ǰħʱ㱻׵ضϣ
һʱ䣬ûħܳɹķԾǰ
ħƺҲϵַɱףڿУĵͼħǵصַ˹ȥ
Щħַ𲻵ʲôʵԵ˺ȴ谭ߣ䵽ַֻ֮ͳӲٵ˲Ĺõ罣ٳħ
ʱѧԱڶܵ˸¶ϣϰַһʾϽ
ַ֮ٴνһֻҪħһ룬ңһֻںӲŶֽһֻħ֮󣬱ͻȻ罣˫סӲ͵سȥ
ء
Ķӭ֮ħȺʱըַҲʱٳ±ȥϱߵϰؿٴſ˫̶ַһ¶ը̵֮ĶҲٶȳзȥ
䡪
һıըٶַҲ˸£µĸ߶ȻħԾΧУַһ̣ٶȳȥ
ܵһİȫص˲Ŷʱһƨ˵ϣһֱĽҲڷ
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һ仰ʱʹƳĬ˴ҵĹַ֮⣬˵Ҳһֽٺҡ
ǱǸǳ鷳ַ̾һϲΡ
ֻǣͻȻתͷɱ䣬ȴŨŨɻЩɬʵķϵǡô
˵֣Ȼ˼
ʱ˲Ͷ˺Ŀ⣬ǸǿҵϢѹȸУַնɱħʱǸĵĳ棬ѾĿǵС
մʱ̲סǰһӡ
˶ֻ˵ȴûмʱɵöĿۼַϣڴַش
εĻַ粢ûиоʲô⣬Ҳ֪޷ȴҲ޷ֻͣܵ˵ͷϵȷǰֻԦʵľ޴
Ҳʹֻǣԭҵѹʵ̫ˣ˺ܾ֮ʹľģԭҲֻҼֻħȴ벻Ȼħ˳Բ𡣡
˵ַ翴ڵǸʵϻְѻתƵħ档
ңַĻŲС©ȻǿеġϵǳԽֵ֮Ǳ֮⣬ҲҪʥʵʹãֻЩѧԱǸͲһ㡣
ԣַ˵仰ʱÿ˲ɵöǰһ˭ûбַɹתƻ⣬˷ܵĺŶϣ뼫ԭ㲻ʲô˰ɣ
һ仰Ӯ˴ҵĺȲʣյҲ̲ס¶ɵЦݣַڶУĵ׶ʱһᣬüͷӣ֪ԼԸƭңҲûע⵽֮µ˫۾Уһ˿졣
ˣҵڻûò֪ͣ⼫ԭȦħ޳֣ȰѶӸɡ
ͻȻ䲻ðһ仰ͽ˵עתƣ֮ǰΪ˵һϿʱ仰ǻһ㹾ֱС
ַû뵽ҲоԭϣʱԼתƻ⣬֪Լ˵Ļ϶Ҳûš
ȻζƣַҲȥӦͶȥһмĿ⣬ϵĴӿռָͳ쿾һһָˣΣյļԭҾͲȿˣðħ
Ҳ״˿̵ȷʺϵҲûж˵ʲô˵ĿҪҪɿڶˡ
ֵַεʱͶȥһǸ񣬲ߵΣǸ
ַָʲô漴ص֪ǿ϶ֻȻ˵ǿ϶Ŀԡ
ַ̾Ϣһûж˵ʲôεļתȥ˷ſ⣬ߵʱҲͬ˵ǸֻֻһЦȴûж˵ʲô
ַݸǰʱ򣬿˫ֱϥǶԶҲЩ͵ʱ򣬲ɵüͷϽǰӵݣôˣ
ҡҡ̧ͷ˸ӵɫл޷صʹࣺ˺˰ز
ؽַ粻װָʲô漴㳯һֱһԵϰؿ˹ȥϰһĬķӣַ粻ɵЩɻٴŤͷѯʰݵݡؽôˣ
ҧ촽ɫЩҰףڴ˿̣Щַ֡硭㻹ǲǰҴе֪ǰزģ뵽ɪ˵ǷȥѯҸ׵飿
Ȼǵáַһüͷ֮ԺڰؽͿɪյ¡
ǰݵЩƮ֪ɪջţҲҪɪջŵϢ߰ز
˵ַɫҲЩѿ˵ǰǼɪյǼ˰ؽ
ص˵ͷһɪ׿ȻȻҲ֪ɪվʲôݣ仰϶Ѿ˺˰زġ
Ŷ죡ַüͷ˿嵽һ𣬵˵ʲôͻȻһ𣬱㾶ֱϰ˹ȥ
ַҲϽǰȥֻǣûߵߣݿڶϰ˵زԲ𡭡


ھʮ ʥ
С㣿ϰصıЩ⣬ͻȻϥȥʹԴôܽĵǸأ
ַһæ㿪վ˰࣬ܿϰصĹݡ
زϽѽ
æǰסϰأǣϰȴҡҡͷЩͳС㣬𣿡
ɫ΢䣬ַһַۣ˵ͷһƨϰصߣ̾˿ܺá
ϰɫ粻ĬƬ̣Ż³һ䣺˵˵ô𣿡
ز°ɡ˵һ䣬ǲ̡
ϰҡҡͷôС㲢ء
زͻȻһ游ô꣬ҵײһСҳôĿڵأ
С㡭
ϰƺֹʱԭվһԵַͻȻҲһƨԣĻؽ˵ɣ˵˵顣
㡭ϰɫ䣬֮ǿɬô˵Ҳ֪µģ
ǰ˵ɣҿɲҽĹݡַ̾һ˳ʹһɫݻ⣬ӵվ˶ȥһطٴ£ֻǣ˫ĵǷ˵ϡ
ϰظŰ̧ͷȻ󻺻ȥַҲ˵ӿռָͳǰѺӲϰصΪӲȻǰҲ벻ǳ֡
ϰسӹַݹĺӲǰϸϸĦַ翴̲סѵӶһԣر֮ڻӶһ˲䡣
֪ϰصͻȻָƽӽӹĵһҾ͸оǹˣֻû뵽Ҳ˵ԡ
ԣַ粻ɵü
ϰس̾һͻȻ׿һɫְĿת˺ӲϣϸϸĦţ꣬ľʹľٴû뵽ҸԶƵˡ
ַһץʲôȴ˲һ㡣
ˣСһ˵˵СôİɡϰͻȻתƻ˵һ䡣
ַ类ϰһϣŵǹɸоʱȻ޴棬ֻһԼ˼ǰ鿪ʼϰ
˵ַ翴ϰƽɫСѯһ䣺ؽʲôˣеȺʲô
ϰصҲƽֻƽ֮²һ˵ĲɣлѾˡ
ʲô˼ַ粻ɻ
ϰؿһۣȻǲ˵תƻ֮ǰֻǧҪô
ַϰز˵Ҳû׷ȥ仰ǵ˵ͷ
İһֱţʼնûֻʱ̲ס˵һ䣺һܽǲɡ
Ȼô˵ȴû˵꿭ɪ˵仰ʱȻûκԥɫȻ϶ǡϰءô򵥡
ϰڶû¶ʲô飬ͻȻվĻӶºӲȻסˡ
׵סˡ
ؽַ翴ϰƺЩԾæվѯһ䣬ݴһɫ󣬰Ҳվߵϰǰĵʵزôˣ
ϰصɫȻЩѿֻ˵ѯ֮̾ϢһӲַļЩɬǴﵽʥˡСһúؽӶһ˲ĸоɡ
˵ţϰرַ绳鿾⣬תһȥֻǾַߵʱ̲סѵûоĻӦʥúɣȡմﵽʥ򡣡
˵һ䣬ϰر㲻ַ磬ֱ˹ȥ
زû°ɡݻЩĵĿ˿ڽﻺſϰأȻҲϰصĻüͷ˵ʥʲô˼
˵Ҳ˵ˣؽӦûʲôɡ
ַ̾һ϶˵ƺɪպϰоһĪѹ֣ҡҡԴǿѹĵףеĺӲһ£ϸһ૵ôû뵽ֵĸоʥأ
˼ǣҲ֪û϶˵Щ̫׵ѯַĺһ䡣
ַûлش𣬽еĺӲӸݣݣһ£ϸᡣ
ݺɵץӲǰĿյ˼Ȼһ£ǣһԲϸᵽĸоɵٴӶ˼
о𣿡ַͣߵǰ˵ʹֳС
֮ǰɪվ˵ؽĳֹɡǰ΢΢һѵָľ𣿡
ַ粻ɷ֪ĵ˵ͷ˵ҲµûĻʥԭһֹɡ
ݶʱһ˼վԭϸš
ַ翴ӣЦЦеĿݸһ飺ˣڻ˼ʱǵʵ˼»е硣ӰɣȻǾͼ·⼫ԭʵ̫ΣգһǾһȥȻȥ֮ԺˣŮ룬һޱġ
ðɡҲ֪һʱ벻ͨ̾˿ǴӦӲַ磬˵Ͽʼò͡
ַӲҲɴԭأӰóһ鿾⣬ҧ


˶Ա֮󣬽Լ״̬Եã˱ֳԭ·
һݵ˵״̬ȻûдﵽߣҲҪ֮ǰǿϲ١һϵϢڶĴ߶£ϴ˵ѧԱѾָĲֻ࣬ǣһ˵˿ٴαѿ
յĶȻٴˣ˵ֻǱƤֱֵֻܰҲѾָĲˣ˶ãؼǰ˹Ȼ˵˺ַϰؿ𣬵ϾǰһҲᣬ־ݵϢűµ˳
˵ĲλСȣȻʱֱ˿ڣƽʱ·ȴӰ첻صĵ˹ڣֻյĲ²ܼ·ˡ
ԣ˵ٶȲɵ÷ֻ࣬ǣʱţ˻Ǹһβ̵·̣˶оֵǣôʱ䣬ǾȻһֻħ޶ûͺеħ޶һ˲ʧɾһ
ҪǺ滹ħײ죬˼ֱΪԼûԭͨıɽһ㣡
ȻޱˣʱҲȻоˡ


ھʮ ħޱ
ʱǰһΡɽмֻһխķ϶Ŀͬʱ˲߹
ԣҵһȡַͻȻ˵һͽ˵Ŀ˹ܴһȦЩأȱ·ˣԭϢһȥǰ̽һ¡
˵ţͶŲԶķ϶˹ȥ
ʱ򣬾ٲ˽⼫ԭҲ˲ԾĵطΪʵ̫ˣ
žĿ£
˶֪ԭħ޵ļ԰Σһʱ·ȻٶҲѾҪﵽ˼ԭģϵļأλӦǰ˼ħ޵ĻΧڣ˵˼ħޣӦΧ߼ħ޶ûпһֻ
֪ȦɱֻùħأҲ߼ħްǼˡȺУͻȻ˵һ䣬漴ƿڴ쵰žļֱҷëˣ
һ仰ʱ˰Ͱ˹ͬҲ¶һ˿ɫǰΧ˵ǵʱѾˡ
仰ҲûʲôףȴǴһֲǱǷһʽһ£ݵüͷͶʱһ塣
ԭͲʲôƢˣΪ˵ӡ󽵵˼Σʱ˽Ļһ䣬ڵʱһԵǱѾ𣺡ѵǲ֪С㻹ûеõħ𣿡
һ仰˱ͣ¶εɫϾһ·Щ߼ʵѧԱûгңҪȥɱħĻĵҪĻǰݺַˡ
ΰԼ˵Լ˵ĻɵҲһۣȴûж˵ʲô
ǣȻЩΣȴǶ񶾵Ŀһۣͺ˵õһȻжʱһŭ𣬸վ˵ЩʲôһԵ״Ͻ˵һ䣺ˣˣǶǹģȻǻûħޣҲ⾪ǡ
һ仰ڴԲҲ˵ص㣬ôһ˵еŭʱɢһ룬ͬʱɵҲһ˿мҸһʶ
飬ٴΰһۣ¶ʲô飬תȥĿĵط
ʱַѾ۷˻ȿַѯʵôǰʲô
ͬʱ˲ɵҲΧ
һʲôûСַѹֵĳأߵѧԱǵм䣬ͻȻ̾һ˵ǻİ취ɣܸоطʵ̫ˣ
Ǹô죿ʶľͽĿתַϡ
ѧԱǶϣԼַ绺ҡҡͷ˫һ̯Ҳ֪룬ڻ벻İ취
ȺУһת˵ʲôһԵİݣǽߵĻʻ˶
Ͼֻһƽʱ˵ȥɱһЩħȰѶ߼ѧԱǵɣ취ֻ˼ħޣǱȻͻðݸо죬ʱԼصѧԺ˳ҵаݶԼӡ󣬿ԼҲòõ
ȻƢټٳ壬֪֮ģֻǣȴ֪ݸôСϸƽϡ
ַ粢ûע⵽յı飬Ҷ˵ֻܽתƵԶϰصϣƺûΪɪյƣеѹ΢һ㣬ؽ˵˵һôɣʵûˣ
ϰջԶĿ⣬תһһ˵ǰÿδʱҲûߵôĵطֻΧתһȦѧԱˣҲǵһԣ㲻ҪҸȥô
ðɡַε̾˿һƨ˵ϣֻöŴҵǼԭϢһɣ
ǣ仰˵꣬ݱӵȻҶû취ǻԭ·ذɣ˵ڻȥȺħ軹ʱ취ɱֻȴﶼħˣٰһ취ɡ
˵仰˵ı鲻ɵöЩ⣬Ǹû뵽ݾȻԼ˵һʱݵ񲻽Ÿӡ
ãھͻȥַûκԥͽ˿ڣֻǣոմӲվԶһ
໡
ֻ߰ΪԶȥЩģǺһҲ֪ĸԶԶ˹
˲Щ⣬ԭҶѾϰĻŷëļžȻһԭء
ǣһ֮ΧٶȻع鵽˳֮УַüͷѯʵûǴĸģ
˻ҡҡͷ
ǻǷħȺȥɡַ漴˵һ䡣
ǣûתĹٶ
໡
һεԱȷ࣬˲׷ײĿĿ˱ǵɽ֮ķ϶ϡ
ǣû˷Ӧһ·ϣҲһֻһȻ֮ǰָ߰Уĳ֮ǰĲҽһ㣬Ϊ
Ӧǰ˼ħޱͰ˼ħʳʬħַ֮أֻ˼ħͬʱ֣ȻҶעһ
һ㡱ֻû˵ڣߵķӴһȮֻͣһȮͺضͻصһӵзһ㡣
ַɫ˲ͱѿߵһǰ˼ħͷħȮ
Ȼͬʱֻ˼ħޣһԵϰزһ
Ҫ֪˼ħ޾൱ڸߵħޣһ㶼ǴһȺмǵͼħ޳û൱ħȺе죬Ҳųежİ˼ħޣֻǣҲ֪ǲˣǱʳʬħͷħȮȺԵħȺ
Ҳ˵˽ҪԵĿȺħ޵ļл
⼫ԭƽʱһ֧ħȺҲѡֻҪСһ㣬ɱЩжİ˼ħޣ֪ôˣһԵľȻ֧ħ޶飬˵ɫɵöѿ
ҿӣ
ַ˲˾Ǵиոջعһ㣬ͷȥʱû˻ԥܵ΢һ㣬֧ħȺΧĻǺֱͲ룡
ǡ˻ûʱҲٶȴһһϣִŲ֪Ұ޵ͺȥ˻ƶѹ֣˲ɵһĻš
⡢ǰ˼ħޱޣ쵰ѵħޱ𣡣ַ缸ҧＷ⼸֣һһ˲ԭ϶žѧԱǣӣͣ£޲ȺħޣȥҶܣ
˲γһ㣬ٴŲȥʱǿȫܣ˹ʵǸУռһӣһ¾͸һβСľ롣
ϰػͷˣҧҧϽ嵽ߣɷ˵Ϳ˹һ߼ǰܣһߴպ˹ˣԼһ㣡


ھʮ Ӱ
ַڶǰ֮ϵ罣Ѿ¶˳ɫȴǲ̫ÿ
Ϊ֪ȻȺħޣȴǰ˼ħ֮Ѳһ֣ԭֻǴϵħޣڼԭ߱ͷŵͼˮϵħڱϵħϵħ֮䣬Ҫǣթħǰ㻹ħޣħ
Ҳ˵ĹȫǱϵϵϵħ
Ҳ൱𣡣
ֻǣѧԱǸ޷ѡҪǳӵĻһͷħȺļʿ¸ͣ
ûܶĹ˾һĹֻޡ
Ҳ󣬵Ŀ㹻˲ǰУ߶ΡĴֱɽԣ˸ûѡֱֱֻǰ
ǰԶֻ޴һֻʨӣ˵ֻܸצӲߣֻѩ֮з΢΢⣬һëһı룬һ㡣
ܹĶתɫĴսʿǵӣſͣ˴һ
˲䣬ʹﴵһ磬֮лıգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͽ˰У
ȻֻһмϵħŵͼϵħĹ԰˼ʵıʹóȴͨͷųķϵħҪǿϺü൱һħʦһһħʦͬʱͷŻħʦĻ˲䴩һţƤһħʦֻܽţƤȼĵһ
ûﵽ˼ʵˣֻһɾ棬ǰмӵıѾƿǵĶǵƤϸһ˿ڣҺãҪҲֻǸǵıƤĻһǸͼֲס
Ͼ߼˼ֱͲһΣ
춼Ǹ߼ħõдַըװγһ㣬Ͻõ߼ħᡣ
صʱħѾʲôˣ
˲䣬˵ϾͳһɫӽУַϾʱ߼ϵħᣬϵħҲЯһ¶ȣֻûһůңıȻ͸ħ֣Ҳħֵ¶ȴӶڻ˲٣ɵҲи㶷޷˺ˡ
Ȼֻһһ̣һıĳȥٴſͣ㷢Ƶ죬ȻͿǰԼٶȾۼһ쫷
Ⲣħ磬ħ쫷磬ң쫷粻Ҳ֪˶ٴӱ³ı
ı룬ַ絹һ
֪Ǳ޵ġ幥ֻǹķΧͷɢĹﲻ˼ʵĹȴҲˣͲǸһڿܱȵģ
ַԥĴӿռָͳһ߼ħᣬ˳ȥֻϵĺըڶߣһ߼ħ˲ȫͷſ
Ȼ߼ħϾɹۣһըʱ͵ס˲ٱϮǻһЩ˹ַֻܴӿռָȡ˺Ӳٳӷıȥ
ͬʱݺϰҲûţʹǱذףٵĵֵӭı룬ϰظǸɴ࣬һֱżϵİ˹һֲֻϵس˦һ˷Ѷʹ÷ʱϰظҲ˲ࡣ
˵ĹֵͬһЩ˹УȻ񵲣ǱһֱӴĶһ²ļϣʱѪȾ˺£
ϰؼϵİ˹һŵĸߺȴҧҧһֻһ°˼ϵı롣
ݴæ˰˹ĸߺɵóտ˹ȥȴÿ±ʱ㸡һĨɫ
ʱϰٴεͬʱճֻŶһ̣һ֣ɵĶһ㣬ȻԶıȥ
Ҳʱ򣬱ǰű쫷ҲѾɣſϵıͳַ˺Хȥ
ϰ̵Ķı֮Ҳ˲ӭ쫷磬쫷Ͼʵ壬̵Ķ˲䴩Խֱ˱޵Դϣ
أ
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˵ţҲǲ˶Уͳ쫷ӭȥ
ħȻǿᣬַĿǰʵԱǴ´࣬쫷һ˲䣬ַֻԼӸܿƷ·Ҫһ㣬ңǸתĿеıҲεħֺۿҪ˱ƵıԵ
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ãæһצӵַϽݺһ䣺ǿߣԼԸ㹻
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һԴ޸ûκηӣֻܲϵĺУͬʱŤͼַˤ
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ǣַ˲ãȴֱסˡ
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֪ǲСеħ޴˺󷽴ָ߰ıͻȻˢˢĳַ˹
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ѵҾҪô
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ھʮ ȼյѪҺ
һ̣˵Ķĳס
ǶǱѧԺѧԱܽ۹ѧһֱĽ
ѧԺѧԱ̸˵ʱڱѧԺ̿ѧԺѧԱҵҵһݲĲѾнˮʱڱѧԺ
ѧԺеĹѧԱеȴҵʱǻڿ̿
٣˰֮⣬˶ƽ
ĸΪʲô
Ϊܻȡҵʸ񣬻Ϊܹٵվڱҵ̨ϽܻԼļΪһܳͷأΪ˹ҫ棡
ǳɹд̨ϻǰʮıҵʸ˭ǵึǻ뱧̤ȥԭĵ·˭Ƿ벻
ÿһξεԼվڻǰЦݵ˲䣬ÿһϣǶܴЦѣ
ǣе룬еΣƺǶڴ˿ħ޴ע֮лΪӰ
Щ뺹ˮǼʵֵ룬һ̣ױķ飡
ÿ˲԰׵ɫ϶ľ벻ʣ۵ŨŨıʹԭ򶨵ա
ַȻҲޱȵѹ֣һ̣ȺϿůЦݷ·ǰ·кԷ·ܿΪ걻ľĥµơ
һڴʱħ޴צһ㣬иģ
·𻹻Сʱں֮УĸЦȴβƣĵݸԼһӡ
һ̣ԺʹҲһ̣Ÿħת·һжڣ
ʤħ޴һеĽҲڣ
Բ𡭡
ַȣ۾һ̣ȴȻ˫ۣ֮Ѿһɻȡ
ɱɣѾû·ˡ
ַʹĴＷ仰ǰħȺж֤ҲǱѧԺٵһӰɣû˻ǵǣҲҪΪһսȫԸǺҵڼԭߵɽ֮°ɣ
˵䣬ַɵıŵ罣ȳǰħ޴ǰȥ
ȻֳһӰԵôĹ¶ħ޴֮УȴϵһһС
𡪡
ħ޶ʱŭǰӰƺǲɶߵҫ
Ȼַһֻ߼ħַĿбӵĽǰߵıɽƺδ
Сѽַ硪
մѹлعİݿһĻ֮µʧڽгַͬʱҲԥĳַȥ
ǣһɲѾַ˲Сľ룬ۿֻǰ˵ħ޼˵ַϣݵļֱᵽɤϣ
ˢ
һԵиһĵϢֻħ˲䱻һ룬Ѫʱ㼤˳
Ϊʼٸߵַ磬ɽǰû˿ͣ٣
֪Ѫȵζ̼ħ޴ַһǰƵǵĽһ̣ħķŭУضʱħޱڵ
𡪡𡪡
ħ޵ͬʱŭҲھϰصˣ˿̣Ƿӵħ޴׵ȼѪϵľʧȡ֮Ǿб
ɱ
ȺУҲ֪˭һѪȵĻӭˮһ㲻ɵֵħ޴˶ͬʱȥ
ʱһֱڻСı棬׼ȻȥóЩҵħҲԥıͶȥ
䡪
һϵħʱħ޴֮бըһ˲䣬Χ¶ȵĸǰħͱرը˸Ʒ˳ȥըõ֫ѪħʹĺС
һ̣ѪȾ˱档
ǼȼյѪҺдδʵֵ룬һߵȱıըҲӭħ޴ĵһ棡
ֻǣڵһʱħ޴ͱһͨߵȻϵħըţȻҲͣںħͦӣʱײǰħ޵ϣħ޴֮˲Сҡ
˾ͽԼľߵħ޹ȥ
ǰĴֻһЩ߼ħޣӵоżʵϰظûֵϰÿһȭըͬʱһȦħ޾УѧԱȻûϰʵеĺȴ˿ϰ϶١
ʹõһȥΪӵĳȻСȴˣʱƺ͸оСϴʹ˼ħְУҲõ߼ħ޵Ĺÿһǳħ޵۾ȥǸħ޵ĲϣȻĹƲȴʤٶȣֻգ۹򣬾вħޱҪ
ϵδ˿ҲһΧħ޿ȥ򻯵ȻС˲٣ǲҪѴʱӵİҲڿȫʩչÿοеħޣһˣ
ֵǣеħ޶ȴΣһĳʱҲܲô࣬ϵĹپͳһֻħ޿ȥ
շȻҲʾȻ˹ϴˣӵа˼ħڷ˵֮ҲʱûΣգңõķоȫڽϵˣҲɱ˲ħޡ
ֵȻʵͣƾĬϣǵħȻʱûɱҲѾѪģ
ݴ˿ֱ̼ɱһ㣬ȻֻһѶСذףذȻҲʲôƷڰȫٶɵĻӶ֮£ɵôڹ⣬ӵеʣħ޻ð˸ʴḷ́ʹ˻
ַ˿ҲſֽţǽռָʣµĹħᶼȡ˳ħըʱ̣ҲڽԼĺڰͷ˳
һͷųΧʱ͹ĵһɭΧֻǣĿǰҸûлעַ磬Ȼһ
ַٻڰ֮Ҳһеĵ罣ħȺӶȥÿӶһΣҫͬʱʹһֻһʬ壬ЩħǸ͵ֵס罣ķιס罣һ
Ҳֳƣħ޴һʱͷӲֻǣħ޵ʵ̫࣬Ȼ˲ܷԡѪɱȻħʬɽħ޴ȴûоͷһ㣡
໡
űָ߰׷ħڼսʳʬħǴɫҺɢŴ̱ǵζҲӿͷħȮͷȮͬʱУɵùѧԱĴŨŨ־壡
ҲʱַĺڰٻɣֻǰһƬħޱŨŨĺʹ˻ţжʱһֲЦͬʱĦ졣
ֲЦһɭĿ·˵ʹıˡ
ȻҲæвɵ÷׷ײĿǿǰʱ򣬻Ǵһ
Ѿɢȥһȫðź̡ͷһֵĻʹڱͨҪȦüӳħȺУΧħޣȫʧ˻һ㣬㶵վﶯҲ
ֻǸƣһ߹Цһ߻Ӷг÷ȣָȥʹӷȶðһɫֱӽָħްΧɢȥ֮ԭħѾһð̵üӡ
⻹û꣬üϵɢȥֻħεͻȻվһھҧ߶Ҳħϡ
ϵػеķȣħô˷վȻַٻİ˼аף
а׵ԱߣҪһȦĹҲʾǽӽ͸ԶʹͷҵıǽӽħޣǱȾһ㣬ϵҲԽԽأһħ޵Ӿͼήֱһ̲Ѫˮ
ֻ˼м䣬һߵȵĿ־ʿߵȵĿ־ʿΪͨ־ʿĽ棬Ȼܿʲôͨ־ʿռ־⻷ͬͨ־ʿһ֮ռʧ
ٻֻҲַļޣֻ﷢һַ֮㽫ֱս˿ռָ֮С
ħ޴ĵһ棬ַֻｵ٣ֻڶ̶̵ʱڣħûͦţ
⾭һĽӴħ޴Ҳ˵ں󷽹ѧԱǵħƺԵرżſͱĵͼħ˹ȥЩ˼ħޣڿ񱩵ĺкֱײֱӳĴ˷ӵ
ֻԭ󷽵ľżħ֩룬ֱĸǰɨŵǰħޣǱɨȥħֱӱȻħȺУһֱַ߳˳ȥȻֻʣµĸǰٶȴκħҪϼ֣


ھʮ ӭϾżħ
ͻı仯ͽ˵ľٶȼе˶Ըħϣûȥˡ
ַҲȥеĵ罣ͼɱŷӵǰħ޴ÿһ£ͱȻһֻħޱʬ
⼫ԭ֮Уħ޶ˮϵǷϵһĵͼħвٻһ𣬲ƿֲȴûжɱ˵ϣȴ˻İ˼ħƲ
аײɱħħãգ֮䣬ΧһȦħȫã쵽һа˫նͻȻ˹ĺ⣬ٶȷ֮ЦЩͬʱðһ̣Գױһ㡣
а׵Ŀ֮£ȫͷȻħ޴ȥ
ֻǣЩħȻͣϾҲֻãոսһ̾вħñħҳͷǣħùͷȻźȻɢ˼ܣЩȴ˿һ㣬Ȼֱħ޵ڡ
аҲϻеǸ÷ȣһ߼ħǰһ߼ոħǵ
ԵĹȴǰ޲𹥻ĽɫǱŵħ޽ԻΪѪˮ˼ħ޳ԼΧڵʱ򣬱ͻȻܵ˾һ㣬Ȼ̧Դֻо޴ָ׵צӣֱӳ˼ħ޿ȥ
˼ħȻû߼ħϮֻԵЩǣۿצĳԼֻ˼ħʶһצӾȥ
צӻеһ˲䣬ͻȻ͸һ¹ȻҲգȹٴγֵʱѾǰ鿴ǿһʢζһһ¾ͽȥֻ˼ħ޵ϡ
𡪡
˼ħ޵Ӷʱ֮ǰɭʮۿɼٶȼСʱѾΪһ̲Ѫˮ
ʱɭʢХųһֻ˼ħޣٶֶͬθŵֻ˼ħ޵ϣǣһΣƺЩãոոȥûãеı͸ĵһ¾˹ϣ
һ£鵱Ͳҽһŵֻ˼ħҲֹͣ˼Сͬʱù˲٣ңȱһ֮ƶֻܼ֮ܽֱӱַɢڿ֮С
˹һȻҲ̫ܣҲһûԥٴ֮󣬽³ƲϵŹ顣
Ϊڰ˼ħϲܻֻܱİûĹڡֻ˼ħޣϵѾȻ޴棬űٴʱȻ˱ϡ
һΣҲ֪ԼϵѾֻҶּڽӴһ̣ءһ±ը
ǹı幥
ըһ²ûжٳǻΪһŨĺֱӽ
ΪԵЩصʱ̣ǿٻӶ˳򣬵ʱһɿ紵ȥֱӽ鱬ըĺ̾˵ϡ
ɺȻûгɹɱ񣬵Ǳ紵ɢΧʹ࣬Ȼɢ˲٣ֻҪǴħ޺̾ͽȥ˼ħȻɢΣ߼ħϵʱ㽫ǻΪһ̲Ѫˮ
а׸ܵͬʱһɼֱӳſеı÷ȡ
ء
һźɫʱ˿еıϣӾҡҡ׹һ±аУʱʹӿ׹䣬ڵϵʱѾΪһѰ׹ǡ
аȻǲŹ⸱Ǽܣն˫Ŀ˲ͨ죬ڵϵıǼҲٴλֻа׵ĵȼޣǵеĸ߶ȸͱȲ֮ǰżӿи廹ܸ·ħһˡ
ߵȿֲʿĸаףȱڹٶȣͲʺĻսԣҲֻռͿ־⻷סΧħޣаɱ߼ħ޵ͬʱҲڻոЩ䵥ħޡ
ʱ򣬸İ˼ħԽǰ߼ħ޵谭˵ҰС
һʱ͸ıսĸ֣
һֻթһ¾ͳ󱳱¶ȥȴûƿϵħ֣Ӧղɾ޴ײȥĺüħֵɫɵҲࡣ
һպͰ˹Ҳֹۣ˹жͲ㣬ʱͱһֻ˼ʨ˵ڵأħֵıûֱӱʨɱտʱὣȥκȫһ̣Ҳֻ˿ʨצӡ
ʨʹʶľͶҲϽ˹קһԡ
ͬʱ⵽ֻ˼ħ޵ΧҺذ׼Ϊֻ˼ħмǵûܵ˺ֻ˼ħ޵˲˿ڡ
֪Ϊʲôħ޲ΣʱһƺҲմεĹ⣬ħҲ˲١
ϰظǸɴ࣬ѾҪﵽǰľżħ֩룬ֱһ·һֻɱ˹ȥıըϽΧħ޻֫⣬˾һ赲ӵһֱ֩룡
ء
ϰײ̺֩õĶ㱬ը޷֩ʱ㱻ըķֱֽΧħƷ˲١
ϰȻȴ֩Ľץסٳǰȥ֩뷴ӦͳһҺ䣬Ŷϱը֩Ҳ˲˿ڡ
ѪǿҵĶԣһը˿ڣɫѪ·ɽɽ߼ħϣ˲ạ̊́Ƭ֮͵ûбѪħ޾ǲСĲȵ˱ħ޵ʬ壬Ҳ˲䱻־綾Ϯ
ϰȻҲûжѪķɽֻоżѪͻƲĶϰҲо˶ĵٶȱҲɵöԶѪЩɵ
֩뵱ȻҲֻᱻӦ֮չ˶ϰصĹȳס棬ŴðݵĶҺǿҲһϰعȥ
ַʱѲԭضһŵ罣ٳһֻ֩ȥе罣ٻӶΧħȫ򵥵ıһ룬ǰ˼ħޣҲ͵ֵסĵ罣˲ͱɱ
ֻɱ˼ħҲַо˵罣ĵľңϾɲʲôһ
ǣǵ罣ÿÿնɱħʱҫ۵ĵ⣬ַ翴֩ͬʱ֩Ҳַ
ַԽԽ֩룬˫֮¶쳣Ļȣ嵽ַǰһɲԥĳŵϵַҧȥ
ַҲͬʱʱ򣬻еĵ罣ǰðݶҺɫʹȥ


ھʮ 
ϡ
ַоϣƽʱ޼᲻ݵķ罣ֻ֩Դһ飬Ҳǰ˰ˣ
Դӵ罣ͷһΣ
һ£֩ѪɽͬʱҲɵýŭˣӵ罣лֱָ̧ǰȣһַ繥ȥ
ַд֮¸Ͻ罣ܿŵһ£֩붾ѪֻǸղȥһ˲䣬ĵ˵罣ٵﲻɵ̲ס뵽żħ޲ǾżħޣԼڵʵӲƴȷЩǿ
Ҫֻ֪ͨҪմ֩һѪ˲ܱɷ۳оͲôˡ
֩ĹַҲֻܾȫȥϾʵֻа˼ף֩񹥻ǲоЩң߻ħ޲ɧţֻûĹַһǵУ
֩뵱ͷµһȣ˶ĵëַҧҧһȥ
ϡ
֩ȱϾԴַһȥʱ㽫ȸϣϵҲַ֤ĳҲҿ罣ͺѶ֩ʲôʵԵ˺
ַ翳֩ȣҲʹѣ﷢ʹҲɵΪʶһ¡
ַ翴׼ʱ˵罣ģٴο֩һϣֻϡһڶҲַ翳ϣַ˿ûֵͣ˼Ž˳һᣬ罣ʱֿ֩ĵϣһиҲַ翳
ңַ翳ȶ֩Ҳϵģʧȥȣ֩뷴Ӧ͸оĲȣַҲûҪŹһʱ˼ת̧罣ֳҲϿȥ
Ҳĵ֩ǰȣֻҪٽȿ֩ʧȥ̣
˵ܲɱֻ֩룬ȫͿһˣ
ַЩżˣһʱ㽫¶˳֩ǸеǰδеΣһ˲䣬ͻȻǿгסӣҲֻʣµһȸ߸ַ̧ĹͬʱҲĳ´ȥ
ַһոտȥûüоͿ֩Ѿ䵽Լǰ
ۡ
һ¾ͻַĻֱӴļ򣬶֩ҲûκԥٴεƣԼϵַݵߣ
ŽǰŻðŶѪһ֩ǹаЦݣַǿ̼ϵʹؼʱһ棡
˲䣬֩һҽУַӿе䵽˵ϣ֩غΪûһȵ֧ţֻбһȼַ硣
Ĳȣַʱڵأڼϵһ֩ȶʱײ˳ͻȻһ£ַ̲ס۵ĺһͬʱʱѿ׼ʱֻħ޼һַ硣
ַæ֮ӵվֻһֻħȥ
ֻħ޸û罣⣬Ȼ罣Ѿ˲٣һ»ǽһֻ߼ħֱһֻ˼ħΪʱֻ罣˶ӡ
ֻħ޵һ֩Ѿٴַǰ·ֻӵİ˼ħޣֱӽƷɵ˰УԸոַ磬³һڶҺ
֩ѪҺ֮ȻҲо綾ðݵɫҺȻҪѪҺĶظӾҼʮַ֮æռָʣµзħᣬһԵȥͬʱԼҲɿǰǰ壬Ҫµľ綾ϾҺһߵĹ̡
һħжʱ˲֪ٲɫ֣ôɫҲ˶Һһ˲ѡ
һ˲ĹҲַɹ굽֩£֩ҲΪҲȵ֧ţб˱ϣûȵĸ߶ȣ͸ַõʱ
ϵļأ֩λڶӵĲ·ַ¼ϵĶȣ֩µһ˲䣬̧еĵ罣֩ȥ
ͬʱٶȸϽ֩ȥ
ꡪ
ַ׼ȷ࣬֩ʱһΣѪŶҺѹˮǹһ㼤һЩɽַϣʱʹĶоһۣѾ˲ô࣬ȫȥ֩޴ʬ嵹֮ǰڴеķ϶֮аȫӳ
һӳַͻȻһɶصԺУȻϺͺ϶̶ܵͬȵ˺԰˼ʵɱżħ޻һ󳩿죡
ͬʱϰһֻ֩ѪսҲѾӽβһֻ֩˵Ǳˣֻûܵôص˺ǰĸȣѾϰصĶը˱ƤϵĹͷҲըĲȱȫ
Ϊصĵط˿ѾϰըѪģ
ϰص״̬Ҳ֩϶٣ұ۱֩һĿӣǣҲһʺѪӡǲ㱻֩Դ
Ѿɹ嵽֩£Ȼ֧֩߶ȽϸߣѲϰأֻͣĸ֩ͬʱƶԼ֩·λò䣬ͬʱ˫ȭ̺õĶҲһȭһȭĺ䵽֩λá
ŶըΪĵطڱϰغ俪һӣ֩Ҳܵͣ鴤ϰȻŹᣬһȭŴֱӴ͸˺俪Ǹӣ׼ȷ֩ϣ
ϰغһ£㳯ȥ
ַϰسɹɱֻżħޣʱħ޵ıԽԽİ˼ħ޳˰ΧȥȻҲû˵ƻôǿ
ȣݵĲูħҧһӣ֮ϻڲͣѪȻӶذ׵ٶٿ죬ɻǼܲסħ޵һΧ£ӵôԶͰ˼ħĻѾһѪˣ
ַ翴ˣһۣ˲ħ޵Χ£ҧסʹ¼ϵİȾͳŰݵķȥ

ڰԲԶħʧİ˹Ӳı˼ħһȣѪֹסţմ˿ҲѾ˲ˣۿԼɷҪʵֵ£ɫѾɷס
ʱַԥľͽе֩Ͷ˳ȥȥĶƿ֮Ȼײʵֵϣһ¾ͽʵֵ˿
ͬʱԶͻȻ˰˻
ַʶŤͷȥͼղ֪ʲôʱѾʬ֮һأĺ֮Ҳ󼴽˵ϵһֻ˼ħ޺޷
ַвһڻǳ˵һ
뵽仰ͬʱַͻȻо͵һۣûüת鿴ʱӱ㱻ҷ˳ȥ䵽˵ϡ
Ȼոת͸оԼ˫۶ʱֻթǰסϵĵ罣һ̸һֻѾҧԼĲӣȳζѾַвһ¡
ҲҪô׷ճΪڶ£˸ҲŲ˶ðɣ
ҹҹص룬ҪӴ˿̾ħ޴˻гô

ԶаǰԱϰزһʹ
һַ̣ʶıԼ۾ȴŹթǵļԼĲӡ
ǣʱ򣬶ͻȻһ֮дһɵݣ󣬵ȴ쳹գ
Ǳ˵׵ʿǶؿշĸˣȳݰ׷Ļ֪ʱή㣻ǼõԣҲѳɿա


ھʮ Ѫ
һ˲䣬ַĪһĵĳȴȻĴһ㣬ʶ˫ۣͿԭѾԼӱϵͷթħǲ֪ʲôʱѾתȥԴ˼ԭߵıɽ
ַʶ˳˹ȥͿɽ֮һӰ˫ֻڰ֮Уһһ϶һѩɫĳۣһͷѩɫںХĿ֮ƮŲ֪ı˸ҥ쳹ա
˵ܸڿе˳˷ϵħʦֻʥǿߡ
Ϊֵǣڰգŵ׾ε̨һ㣬һһ·Ҫǣϲûʥǿ߻ƽı־ҲûǷϵħһ˿Ĳ
ͷ·Ȼһ㣡
вŸҥ֮Уеħ޶ͣԼĶ׷ײĿȻѵİӡ
ƺһ˲䣬ħ޴ԭѪģһ̳ɢȡ֮Īƽ밲꣬ô̧ԴŰӿеĸҥ
ԭΧ°ݵİ˼ħ޲ϻѪ˿̧ͷԭַһ֩ײȴٴηصҲͣסٴ䵽˹ǰֵԭѾ˵İ˼ħҲƺצµĬĬ죬ԭΧϰصһȺħҲֹס˽Ŀŵ˰ӵϡ
ǰ˿ڡץѪذ׵İݣſڰ˼ħµİֻ˹񣬼ϸձħ˵ڵصϰػ΢΢̧ͷַ磬ĿҲͬʱ۽˿˵ϡ
һ̣еħѧԱƺɱԭݵ˿ҲͣеĶ
ûκħ޷ͺ˿еİһ㡣
ֻпХʹдĸҥ
һжԵôȻһжԵôг
ַֻԼеɱ¾Ѫڷ½Űӱ˵ĸҥҲ᲻κɱ⣬ֻʣĪ뵭ˡ
ͬʱҲȻһƵͷˡѵǴ˵еʫô
ʫ˵ĸҥ˴
ƽϢ񱩵ħȺԼеɱ⣿
룬ѾߵеͻȻֹסΣĸҥҲѾ꣬һ̣ôӿиˣħ޴Ȼӱһֻ֣ĳ·һӣǣؼҰɡ
˵ţһַĶ̾䡣
̾䣬ַͻȻӿһϤĸоһ㣬ǣʱô䣬ȴ벻
̾һ£ԭ̧ħ޴ͻȻˣ
ûеļɱЩԭײޱȵħһ̷·ϵ˿ڣҲȥͬ飬׷תͷʼĳߵıɽȥ
ŶҺʳʬħɷͷħȮͷĶ飬ͳһָһ㣬ǰħš
һĻɹַ˾ôĬĬĿħ޴ԽԽԶֱʧԼߵУʧ߱ɽ֮
ѱѪȾıͿŨѪζ滹Ϊֻһֲξ
ѵԼôˣ
иĵһͷ
Ҳʱ򣬰еİٴ·ôȴݵһһ£·ûʲôܺġ
ַҲع˻ӵĬĬľۼһ飬ӵ֮УɵöãȻ壬ϰصϣҲдŨصɻ
ռֻʣһȵİ˹ϳãȻ֮⻹һ˿ңյϰʬվԷֻ࣬ǣϸȴǱˡ
ӾôĻţϽӽˣֻôļһεѹ·ӾһɺĸɽԶֱıɽ˵ѹҪϼ֣
ַֻһ̲סӵллܾǣմ
ûлشȻ£ǣַ绰µһ̣ϵͻȻ䣡
ԭǹƮʧһεɱ¾֮ʼӣ
Ũҵɱ⣬ɫЩ԰ףַߵϰͻȻɬ죬³һ仰ǡѪߡֻŻôŨصɱ¾Ϣ
仰СԵַȴ˸вɵһͻȻǰϰ˵һλû֪ŮҲû֪ʵ֣Ʈ˵Ŀ˶Ѿ뿪Ҳ˵
һַ̣ٶһɻƵĸоǸ˵еѪߣôԼմħ޴ѣתҪѪߵôѪĿ˶Ѿ뿪˰
ַüʲô˵ǰңһ̣ʶľһȴȵķ֣Լ֪ʲôʱѾˣ
ӳһΪգƮѵĳƮڿУΪһɶصʣҪǲϵǺԵĺŨصɱ¾Ϣ˼ֱΪһλĵŮˣ
׼Ҫɱ𣿡ַڴϰ֪ӵݺ󣬲ʶ˵䡣
ɱ˫ֻ֣ǣ仰ҡҡͷ
ַ̲סһ˵ЩмĻȴͻȻˣҲɱǣҲȫ
ĮԲȴһ˿飬˶Уɻ
ʲôвɱʲôвȫ
ַһѹסеǷѹ֣ʵʡľǴ˵еѪ𣿡
һûоܾ赭дĵ˵ͷ
ӡѪٹƮң˶ѾˣΪʲô˵֮вȫ˵֮лһЩˣ
ַ˻⣬ѪͻȻ֣һ£һ䣺ңղŵĸҥһԱ˻һݶƸСҵӡеˣĵ׶һֱֱѪߵȫ෴
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Ѫߵڣûַɣ֮ɲκУ뷽Ÿҥֱر𣺡֮ûҵĺɱǣΪͻȻһϷԣǲضĴмֻҪⳡϷʤ߾Ϳ԰ȫ뿪һ·ϲܵκιߣҪ±
ǣһΣǰ̲ס˵һ䡣
Ѫߵ˰һۣûش𣬶Ǽ˵һпϷǿѡʹ׳Լ


ھʮ յ
˵ѪߵͻȻָ˲С
ԭΪԼħ޿мһȴ벻ֻѪһϷ⴫˵еǿߣÿ˵ﶼӿһ
˵ħ޴ʱǻܹƴһΣѪߵǿҸѹ᲻ʲôͷ
ַͻȻֳһ˿Ź֣漴˵Ѫ߸£Ϸʼ֮ǰܲһ⣿
Ѫüͷһ壬ĬƬ̣³һ֣˵
ַһµľѪ߲˵ĻᣬԥϽڵ롭һп¶һְŵİɣ
ŶѪʶü
ַ粻˵ĻᣬһԵĽԼĻȫ˵˳û´ĻǸո̤ϱԭʱע⵽ǣһ֧ǶʱҾ͸о֣ıԭһֻİ˼ħҲΪôͻȻһֻ֧мԭ֮вŻֵȺأ
ǸʱҾ̲סǣԭʲô⣬֧Ⱥ˳ٴθ·ʱȴһ·ϸûһֻħޣе²͸ǿ
ҲСһħȺɱħʱͷǿˣΪʲôһôһ֧ħȺأ
ٵǽ뵽˼ԭһֻħ޶ûеʱҾĸоʲôǸʱһûве׷ʲô
ֱ˷ͻȻħޱңǱֻӵħ޾ۼطʱͻȻˣǸһȦ֮УֻһǲȦ׵Ŀʲô
ֱ˵ҪһϷҲףһְŵġңҲû뵽صѪ߻ڼԭҸû뵽ȻǴ½ĵ³ֻǣһǲףǲμʲôϷĿĵʲô

ַ绰£Χʱع鵽һƬţ˶ȵַ磬벻ȻῪ˵ô໰
ңַһ仰дʵ˼̲סĵĿַһۣѪͻȻַֽɱֻǣѪɢĸѹ֮£ݸ͸оԼ˿ڣƺԼһС֮УѪַֻһ˽
ѪҲ˳ĬУ͸ñͽŵٶһ˿ѹ֣̲סЩȴֲ֪ĵʲô
һֺ΢ĸо
ãѪȿһԵһְۣĿתƵַĵ罣ϣڵܴҲ⣬Ҵоһ˿вҵ
ַкȻһ
ðһ̲סɱ㡣Ѫ΢΢̧Դʾַ硣
ַ漴пһʵĽ罣ſƮǹѪζƺоԼϱ֩붾ҺеǹʹѾ˲٣Щɻ󣬵Ҳ֪ʱǿʱ򣬾ͽѪߵϡ
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ѪͻȻ˵ôһ仰ַӿһɹĸоѯʳڵʱѪ߱˵ȣûв´ҵȷ³ǣҲˣΪ³岢û
˵Ѫ߶һ£˼ΣҲûеôǿ󣬲Ǹһ̤ϱԭͷǣǽҪﵽԭʱע⵽ǣҲûɱ֮ģų֧ȺĿģ뿪ԭټ롣
ʮһֻˣȴû߳ԭ뿪˼Ҿͳȫǣɴеĺ뿪߷Χڼԭ֮У֮ħȺҲͬʶΪ֮ĿľǾԭ
Ҳ˵ʱҲȥħȺҲԾ湥ǣַ粻ɵÿЦһ
Ѫ߲ɷõĵ˵ͷ֮󣬱ҵĺǰΧ³
ǣΪʲôؼʱأ
ַһС˵ԼʣȻ֪ΪʲôܾòһϷô򵥡ңڱѧԺʷϣҵѧԱԭɱħޣȻΣգǻвƽصġҵ˼ǣΪʲôǻôù
һ仰˵ַԼʣҲͬʱе뷨һʱ䣬еĿⶼѪߵϣڴѪش
Ѫ仰˫֮ͻȻֳһĪĻȣҲƺҲһ˿Ϊͳˣ
ַ粻ɵʶ˵ж˵Ļ
ҪʱҲκ˽뼫ԭѪǹһ˿ĻȣѾָ˱䣺ô򵥣
仰ȻǰԵޱȣʵ˭Ҳ޷ʲô
ǣϣҲմȾ̫Ѫ߹٣ѹԣֻҪѭϷĹʤ߾ƽ뿪ߡȻΪȥĺᣡ
ˣַԴ̾һ漴Ȼ̧ͷ֮дĿɬ󡭡ܸܲң֮ǰʮһѾĻΪʲôһ·ȴûзκβĺۼѪ
ַеʮһȻָһԱǶ̤ϱԭʱͷһԱµļǺţǣߵҪ֧Ⱥʱ򣬾ҲѰһԱµļǺˡ
ڽȺʱַǹһԱǲǶ̽˶Ͼ֮ʵߵѧԱҲ۷壬ֻʦ˹ӵа˼ʵ
ǣ֮ϸϸһԱȺǱȻһЩۼ˹ʵٲɱһЩǻһЩ˿Ҳʲô£ϸûʲô˺ۡ
һѧԱǶ̽˶ӣԼһʱ䣬Ҳ꣬տ֮ǰַ򿪹ǵθ鿴ûпϵĶ
ԣвȷһԱ˿ȺУ˵һԱյڼԭΧħޣǣԼԭʱ򣬱˵һԱʲôۼҲ˵µѪǺʲôҲûз֡
һ·ߵȴûзһԱȻַħ޴ɱʱһԱǲʱţַûлϸ̽˿һеѪߣܲѯأ
ңַһ˵仰˵۵Ҳ¶һɹģϾԱ٣ҲǴӱѧԺ߳ģǾħ޴ɱѧԱᵽʹ;еİͰ˹ָо
ԣʱ˿̣˵Ŀⲻٴξ۽Ѫߵϡ


һ 
ǡļѪ鼫ãַĻԥĵ˵ͷһѧԱǵͬʱڵΪʲôûзκβĺۼѪ
˵ţͻȻתӣһ֣ʱš¡¡һֱоµĴزǸ׷ʲôʱ򣬸һɽͻȻǻһ㣬ٵƶ˵ǰ
Ѫߵһ֣ʱ˶һַҲ˾̲ס⡭𣿡
ʵ˵ַȻ֪ʥ򵽵ʲôǣͨд̨ϵǴθϰصһϯҲʥƺʱյĹɰѲϵѪƾƶɽı죬ȴƺʱչɳϹϵɵʶȵ˵仰
Ѫ߿𾪵ģҡҡͷĳ˾Ÿ֣ǵ³Ȼ

ַͻȻһҲһʱ벻һ̣ǰһĻҲûȥˡ
ֻѪճɽĨһѣȻ˾Ϳɽ°벿ֵһ飬ڻһ㣬ڻıˮ»һĻʱò˶˳
ΪڱɽڲʮһˣеŭὣӣеǼڵأԹĽǶţеŲƺڶĳֹңÿ˵ı̬
۶̬һ˲䱻˱ɽ֮Уַһһ仰ݣǾǡڽʱ
һһ˲γɵģʮһˣҲеһԱ
˶ʱˣԭһ·ûзһµļǺŻǺۼΪǱ˱ɽ
Ѫǿеɻ󣬶ʱһ䣺֮ǰǵʵ̫ͣͲֵúǳ֣ԣұ㽫Ǳ˱ɽ
˵䣬Ѫ߶ʱһֻ֣¡¡ٴɽʱƶԭλãɽڻıˮҲٴڸסʮһ˵̬
ˡ
Ѫɢ֣Ŀתص˵ϣ˵˵ҵϷɣĿǰһаˣһż˼ʣµĶ߼ֻҪɱһͬ飬ǾͿ԰ȫ߳ԭ
ǣΪ˹ƽֻͬĶ֣磬һ˼սʿ߼սʿ֣ǾƻϷ򣬶ƻϷ³ֻһǾǶֻ֮һżսʿΪ˲ƻϷƽ⣬ҿżսʿֿա
˵ѪߵĿⲻɵ䵽ϰصϣϰɫ֮ͻȻоԼ˵ˣ˵һ䣬ֻǣҲͬɫһô˵Һˣ
Ѫߵ˵ͷ⳯ϰػ˻֣ϰصӶʱͳѪߵߡ
Ȼֿˣô͸һۿʵıݰɡѪߵĮϰһɫɵñޱȡ
УҲѪֳһ֣˲ҲԣֻǣѪ߿εĿ֮иһ˿ů⣬ҲΪºͣжңҲɱ㡣
ʱħ޴βƺõ˽ͣ仰뿪ڽǣȻѪ߷סŲ͡
šʣ˼ĸ߼ȴ߼ʼɣֻҪɱһǾǳɹǣֻҪ˳ɹһ˾Ͳò֣ǴϷӦ˵ĺˡ
Ѫߵһ˿Ϸʣ󵭵ˣʼɣ
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ӵ߼۷ʵôľ֮£һȥֻ߼׵İܡ
ʱѪߵĿʱһ̧һֻ첲ճһץձ㷢ԼͶˡ
ѾƻϷˡ
仰Ļ£Ѫԭצһʱȭͷ

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ոոʹ˰䣬һ±ըʱѪɽҲɵըһء
ƽʱЩѧԱַڣûмʶѪȵĳ棬̤ԭ֮󣬴һϰصĳЦвŽϰɱħʱѪȳ棬֮ɱȺҲôʶԼᡣ
һ·ħ޴սЩֱϾħޣ࣬ԣܳôѪȣɴﶼûжʲô
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գ˹һҲ˲Ϸʧȥ˫ȵƺҲʹôſڵϳձըԴ˹ȥ֮ҡ
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Ҫɱ˹ѵͲܵȰ˹ԴԱߺٶ
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һദȻһֻҲӦһ˿飬οǳϦദͬ飡
ѵûһģֱ˵ûģ
һַ̣ٴһ֪֪֡治֪ġĸӸоȻһεĶԼоﻹǺܲζ
ϸڲַ翴ѪߵȻҲһ̣˫üһ£ƺЩ졣
תѪߣƽ԰׵Ͽʲô𾴵Ѫߴˣǳɹ𣿡
ѪһָĮֻɹһ롣ԭĶӦǴߵǸСӣܿóŮӹϵͬһ㣬ŮɱųƵǹƽȻûƻϷ򣬵ȴƻҵ顣
ɫɷף
Ѫ߲ȰŤͷȥߵСӣҪôĻӦû˶֣ǣϷƶˣʱиıϷƶȵȨԣڲֿգĶҲֻʣΨһһ
£˵Ŀʱٴξ۽˰ϣ˿̵ɫѿޱȣֻ߼׵ʵӵ߼۷ʵĶ֣
Ѫߵ仰ҲĳԾɱ
ַﲻ֪ΪʲôһֻĳС
Ҳ֪ɱ󣬾ֵԼˣԼðȥô
뵽ַ̲סݣȴְҲԼ˶ӵһַ̣ԴӰݵпһ˿ѣı飬ַˣ
˲䣬ԭֻʱȫޣȡ֮һɽ
Ѫ߲ûзסַһż֮£ſڶ԰˵ݣа취
ֻǣڵѪ߻Уַֻſ³˿ͣûзݿ϶ʱ㸡ֳһŹֻ֣ǣȴܿ˵޷ַӦֻ˵ͷʾס
ʱ򣬳вûеɱ˰һۣͻȻ߹ȥ󿪿ڵҾܾ
£ԶİסˣҲסˣַ˿Ҳסˣ
˭û뵽Ȼ˵ܾĻϰغδ˿ҲɵòĿ˹ȥϰصԻһ˿
ѪҲû뵽ܾϲɵ¶һ˿⣬ֻǣ۵ȴȻһ˵ɡ
תһԶİȻתӼĿѪߵϣƽڵΪ
ѪߵͻȻ¶һ˿Цͬ²ȥ𣿵ͬǺµȥְ
ǣˡƽ·˵Լɵ顣
Ѫ߲һüëЩŶ
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˵ͻȻü֪ɱͬ޿ɱ⣬Ҳݶһ޷ʶĶǰһԸ㣬ǵҲһοͬ飡
˿Ժݶȴûġ֮һǶҵĽڶҷƽ뿪Ȼ󷵻رѧԺ֪̽ˮȻҪٵģ˽ʧڱѧԺдһꡣ
ҷѧԺԸڴ½ϱȻǴ粽УңߵλȻҲᰲȫ뿪ҾͲţλȥ󲻻ʲô뷨㲻м֣мʵ˵ô
ʱҪܵʹȻҪһʹǿ򱶣бõĳͷ
룬ֻң˿¶뿴δһĻԣ²ȥ֣


һһ ķ

žһļž
һ̣ʱ·һ㣬ڳ˶סˣÿ˵ϻٶһ˿㵣˭뵽Ȼ˵ôһ
ֻĺĹţ˵ķңҲսϵѪ
ɫѾѿ˼㣬ϰʬ֪Ϊһ̼뵽δļѣеȴѪߵ̬ȡ
ϰصĿѾѪߵϣƺѪߵķӦעĿ֪˼ʲô
ݽüͷƺϸƷζַⷬ罫˵ı龡۵ףɫȴǳƽһЩ
ַӡһԸƧϲֵˣܶʱַ綼ֱӽԵˣָ͸ܲڸеˡְֱԼ˵ǷַŴиоġڡ
֮˼̵һ̸ַоôֻΪ˱ԼȻܴĻһЩɬᣬǸʱַ绹ǾĵҲһԱΪĹֻ˲ŻԼ
ˣͨûжĻǸġ
ֱʱһΡݶĻַᵽҲпֲһ棬Ŀֲ֮֮ǰûб̬ûбһ˿һ̬ȣѪҲûп
ĳǸĻͲһͨ˾ӵеģ
ʲôݣĻŻһˣ
һַ̣ݲɵŨȤ뵽ͬʱҲɵʶĳϰؿ˹ȥ
ϰ˵һҪˣԼһȺҲͶرѧԺˣ
һ仰Ǹ߶ݵģַͻȻһĵӰӣӰӸԺһַ̣ʱһ𣡣
СӡѪͻȻ׵ĿˣֻʱͳζζͼЩ˵ҡ
˵ѪͻȻ۾Ժĺ벻ø޹أʹ಻ʹҲܣڸ㲻ϧȻͬӴһʹȥҾͳȫ㣡
£Ѫ߱㳯ƣһͻȻըƣϰضʱѪɫȫޡ
ȵȣ
Ϊؼʱַ̣ͻȻ˳Ѫʶַ翴ȥϵĶҲ
ʲôҪ˵ôѪĿַ磺ѵô
һͻıʣڳ˶ûзӦַҲûзӦûԱַлǲɵһ
ҵȷлҪ˵
ַЩͳ˵ͻȻתȥ˰һۣƺҪԶĿ̻ĵףȻתһȻԸԼȡҿеġ񡯾Ǵߵˡ
һ仰һذըȺ֮бըµͬʱԭĿѪϵͻȻŤͷַ磬Ҳ֪ߵµײʲôı顣
ϰŲ԰׵Ǹӣε˫֮дţַ˵Ѫߣ¶ôı飬޶ԡ
˵Ѫ߻ַֻ֣˹ȥȡСӵ
ַηӭѪߵĿ⣬ص˵ͷ
ʲôˣֻ˵ʲôԭԸԼȡѪߵĿ֮˸һֵĹâ仰˵ĺƽ
Ѫ߸£ĺܼ򵥡ַ̾Ϣһתɫİݣ˵ϷұҪɱҵİˣΪɵ£ҪɱΪõ𣿡
ԼΪɵΪɵһʲô
ַ粻Ѫ˵ĻᣬŰݣ˵ԼеĻ֪˭ҵȻҲǡ
ʷϸ뼫ԭĸĿꣿһȺȻҲ⣬Ҳͬҵ룬ǣػˣʲôʵˣʧȥҪػˣʲô壿
οҵǾȫػںˣǺúõĻţұ룡
۸ǣһǳͷˣһˣڱͬҲΪǱ
Ѫ߸£ʵȷǿ٣ֻ
ǣҪһ뿪δһ죬һҵʱ򣬾ȻĶ֣Ҳᾡҽˣں˻ȥˣһмһԹޡ
вҡѪߵƽȫھͰȫɱ
ûвֻ˵Ҫ˵ĻַתĿѪߵϣңѾԼѵ֮ǰܰĻ˵𣿾Ҳ˵ѵΪһˣͲӦô
ɱȻһ֮ǰһжҵˣû˶֣ǰϷͿƽ뿪е뷨ҲԸԼɡ
һΣ˳Ĭ֮Уַ˶ĹâַҲͬѪߣǽš
֮˵һַжôĳ嶯Ѫ߱Լĳ⣬ûе뷨Ҳû˵ʲôαĻϣѪԼĸԸġ
֪ҿʱıҵϷ򡣡Ѫڿˣֻǣȴɲ䲻ȣңҿȷĸ㣬ҼȻǾͲκвĻҺ⣬Ϸô򵥽ˣǾͺû˼ˣԣҾٴ޸Ϸ򡣡
˵Ѫ߶һ£Ťͷһ񣬵ֻҪСɱˣ˾ƽ뿪
˲䣬ٴɫ䣬ϸһ˿ԥ۹ʾַϽӦϰƺѾң֮µݾͲ˿Կˡ
ַɨһȦжʱһɿɬ
ѪԼɱԼȻԥĴӦ
ǡɱԼô
뵽Ǹ²⣬ַ绹ǻҡҡͷѪ߸£ҪԼġжңɱԺܻȥıȻܵǴйһʹ졣
£Ѫ߻ɱʱţţͻȻ֮ǰɢɱҲһȡ֮ڿʱɢǹƮͣ۾ַһͻȻĿתַİϣ󿪿ڵ㡭ʲôҪ˵ô


һ Ӧģ
˲䣬ݱоԼָɣԥַܵǰȴ棬ȴַ磬Ҳȥһ
˵úãͻȻֻǣԱѪжֻŤԴַˣȴǼΪ˴ҶһǸôõôȥ𣿡һǰôѣҲ
죡
ַͻȻһһʹ˶ԶԶɢȥ
ȻһϽѪߵѪ߸£Ҫƽϣϣܳȫң뿪
㽻ʱ䡣Ѫ߷·ûʲôƽ˵һ䣬
ַ⣬תŰݣˮӣ̲סһʹһѹסļʹ࣬˵ʲôȴͻȻֻǣʱ򣬰ݵԵЪ˹ƭӣӦҲҵĵģӦҵģ
Բ𡣡
ַоԼĺǱסһ³֣Ű˫Թ޵ӣַ̲סһֻ֣Ҫһ°ϵˮ
ҪңͻȻǿĴһ㿪ַ֡
ַ粻һ£ڰеҲֹסˣٴһͻȻʹݳȥıס
ƺҪ֪֮ʹöĵ׵ʼղ˼²ûַĻϵˮԽԽࡣ
һԵѪ߾˫֮иһ˿ӵ
ݣ˵
ַ罫ݵӷһֲֻŰϵˮһΣûоַܾ磬ַһ߰ˮһڵ֪ôһĽҴûŮȻᰮƽ񡭡
ǣҲҪףҲֻһƽĴС㣬ܼ޸ƽأһʼ˾͸ܡԣŻȥҸ˼Ҽ˰ɡ
˵һ䣬Ȼɿ˰ݣȻȻתȥ
㡭ҪϣѪȴʱͻȻ˻֣ݱȻԼһαסжԼֻԹ޵ĿַԶȥıӰ۵ˮԽԽ࣬ǰ߱һƬģ
ַ֪Ѫ߻ôһ㣬ͷҲؾͳ˹ȥȻסжȴַ緽ŵһʱַ糯Լڵĵһ仰ʹ쳣ĿɬǺοأ
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ҵϰɡͻȻַĻͬʱҲһ䣺ıǡַ硯𣿡
ȷ
ַ粻ɷ֪ĵ˵ͷϿУԳЦЦû뵽ƽһѻһȴ˵ˡ
Ҳû뵽ȻҲƽһ̤ϼԭַͻȻͷһٴ̧ͷȻǵϡô㼸顣
˵ɣҲܾ㡣ϺԥĴӦֻǣ˫֮ȴɬ
һ飬ϣܰչһ°ݣ벻˵ַвɵøһֻǣȴһֱǿŲȥİݡ
ص˵ͷ
ַһͻȻӿһŨŨ꣺ʱĻȥϷƽԭһСϣҵĸ׺ҵʦһֱĺܺãֻǽû취ȥˡ
˵ţӿռָȡһϵǵͼ
ٴصͷֻǣһ˫ȻŲ֪Ĺâ
Ȼ󣬲ҪʵԭҵǼѣ͸ħ޴ַ绺³һƽ˵һҪ󣺡󡭡ҪκͼΪұ𡣡
˵һ䣬ַĵеŵͼٴεͷתһԵκϰ˹ȥֻǣһεûеͷ
ȣַߵεߣͻȻ΢ЦΣǽûдĻˡ
β˵Ҳжַ仰ޱ飬ֻǣ˫˫֮ȴһɹ̵
ȥ֮󣬾˵ħ޵ַ˵һ٣Ȼ̾˿֪аһֱڵҡҶ˵Բ𡯰ɡ
£ַ㲻Σתߵϰصԡ
ʱ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ磬صķ̶ֱۡ
Ѫߵͷ׷ڿƮڸסҲڸסϵı顣
ݵˮͻȻѪߵĲϣѪ߻һ
Уַϰضԣô໥ŶԷƽְ
һ̣ͣˣѪߵİ׷Ҳֹͣ˼ҡҷݱ紵ɵٴʪ󣬿µڴʱҲȻ쳣䣬˿ûů⡣
ַһϰؽӦģˡ
ϰƺҲƲסзӿҪڽȴһֱͱѪ߷סűѾƵڴ˿̣Ʒ·ˣ
ַûж˵ʲôתӿѪߣѪ߸£ллܸĻᣬˣɱҰɣ
˵һ䣬ַһ̧ͷͦضѪߣĬĬ۾
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˭뿴һĻ
ÿ˵УַļԶͦѪߵһ̣ԶҲǡ
˿ַ̣ĳƽĬĬȴٵͬʱҲԴ˵ӰһϤò·ǰһشôģƺʡһֵô
ֵôֵɣ
ô˵ԼҲ൱ڻˣ
ôţַҲڴԼըһ˲䣬Ƿڽ˵ǰϡ
ĻԼӦҲܷɻϷɻƽԭɻСľǰһɣ
ʱһ̹ĺԵļ尾ǻ
Ϲܼҷµԡȷµԡ԰ݷµȫһըһ㲻ϵĻļ䡣
ǳЦôԼµһû
ᡢ糱ˮһӵַԺ
ΧһһԵôžԭХ粻֪ʲôʱҲͣ
ડ
ѥӲڱϵַɱ۾Ҳ֪˭ġϾʱɻҲֻѪˡ
Ѫһ߽Žַ̤Ҳʼ


һ 
Ҹıˡ
ͻȻѪߵַУʱһʶ۾ͿѪ˫ֱվԼǰ
ַѪߵҲѪߵʱ˶˫ۣĽĿ۽Ѫߵϡ
ɱˣַȥЩ
Ѫ߻ҡҡͷȻԼȡ˵ͱҪľ򡣡
£˾۽ѪϵǹǿβɵóɢַҲЩʧ׼˿̲̾һѯʵǸıʲôأ
ͬʱַҲһɽšѵѪ߻԰ݺ͵ϳô
ڡѪתȥݣҸһʱͿռ䣬ճʱ֣һȡ
˵ţһ֣Ŀڵϡκϰصͣһ£ˣ뿪ˡ
˲䣬ϰ˱ܸоԼָжɣֻǣȴɲܿڣ㶵վԭأƺûзӦ
ѪְĿ԰׵İϣȻûΥϷ򣬵ǡҺ㡣
ء
£ͬһ㱬ըһβ֪ǲѪΪֱ֮ӱըһѪ඼û¡
ըһ˲䣬Χʱգ֮ͽըѪԶԶˡ
һУѪҲԸ˵ʲôŰݺַ֣ߵɽһȥݺַôĸһ𳯸߿ԽԽԶ
ȵ˵Ӱߵһľ룬Ѫߵڿ𣺡Ƿصһ·κħ޹Ů֮Ҳȥ߰ɡ
ֱʧڿУϰ˲ͻȻоһָ˵
ժϵߣżݵӶʱֳֻǣ˿̣ʧȥº͵Цݣȡ֮ĳػһݵʧ䣬ôʣԽԽСӰĬ
㽫ߵַֻǰſ΢΢ǵ۹еһ
ϰغҲһգֻǣεüͷ壬ϰصȭͷ߬Ŀֱ졣
ע⵽˵ϵĶϰûж˵ʲôйâȭͷҲ߬ĸˡ
˶Ĭû˵һֱĿͿ˵ӰֱǻΪһźڵ㣬ת뿪

˿ַ̣밲ݲڿУȻ˵廹ԼƣȴбŶԷݴַϿһƽ̹ȻַڰݵϿŨŨ
ߴ粻ϴӹϱޱȣ֮Уȴǻȵġ
˵ӰԽԽߣҲ˼ԭߵɽϣվɽǰĿУѪˣһͷƮɢ֮Уȥһ˵ʥζһָָֻ·֪ԭǰʲôط𣿡
ַжʱһͻȻԼָ˵ȻѪΪʲô˭֪⣬ʵ˵һ䣺Ҳ֪
Ѫ߲ûнַĻתʰݵأ
ҡݴ˿Ѿƽ٣ȻҲ벻Ѫ߻һ⣬ɵõҲ֪

ѪͻȻһĿɨ·ԭּ˵֮ǰʥأĳӵ߹ѪͳѪ飬ȴάƽ⣬УͶơ
Ǹʱϸฺ֣˸Ͷ鸺ֲܣ˸칤ա
ʱûаûѪȣÿദֹȷ
Ȼ֪һս׽Ĩȥûάƽе֮һоͶˡ̰˱ҰĲ÷հ˱ü̱
ô֪ôַͻȻһ䣬ǿе𺳼ѵǸʱ
ûУҲ񡣡Ѫ߻ҡҡͷΪʲô֪ôڻ֪
ַһʱ͡
ɽǰʥɽѪָָǰߵɽ壺Դ屻ʥؾͳ걻ѩǣʥ磬ʱţҲͲ˸ħޣ̰뿪ԭôġ
﾿Ϊʲôַ֪ѪߴԼ϶˵Щϻģüͷ˵һ䡣
ԴԼһַľҲȫ˿˵Ҳٹ˼ôˡ
ѪߵƢҲûеôַѯ䣬ָߵɽ忪ڵ֮ʱûȡΪϷûн
˵һ֮ǰٲμ趨һϷַ̽Եһ䣺ǣ˵߰𣿡
ȻѪ߾ַˣֻҪѭϷһƽ뿪
˵˵ǸôμⳡϷɡַ仰ЩΪѪһ仰һ⣬ƺھԼҪǲúòμⳡϷȻ뿪ƽ
вԼԼȴûʲô취ʱ򣬰ȻֱѪ߷ס̸ֻȴͲ岻졣
Ϸܼ򵥡Ѫ߽ĿߵɽϣֻҪɽһϣֱճʱ־Ϳˡ
˾Ҫʲôַоô򵥣ѯʳ䡣
Ѫ߻ҡҡͷȥ˵ıˣģκΣգҲҪȥʲôǵһҡһͻʧȥѵûʲô˵ô
ַһ𣬳ĬƬ̺ڿڻصˣǸһıʱ䣬лл
˵䣬ַѪ߾һԴ̧ʱͻȻһתɻǣ˵ʥʲôϵ𣿡
һΣѪûлر⣬ͻȻɽһָ
ء
һıըɽȻôըǣַ翴ǰһĻʱѻعƽɻ̲סһ
Ϊһ±ըɽıը¶Ұ֮еѲʲôɽһ貽ɽ
ɽ廹һ׵ɽţַǰͨһƬơ
ɽ֮ϣҫ۶ֶĿĹâ
ַֻһȻҲǴһѪȴһݵģָɽûпȷһɽƽϲɫңҿԸ㣬⼫ԭһĽɽֻһҲΪӯһ
ɽԭԴ㣬ԭûɽҲͲôħޣ͸Ӳе³ˡ
Ѫתͷַ磬ַϱʱ򣬱㵭ûв´ȷҲǵ³ķԴأ³Ǵ֪ȻѧԦ֮ģֻ³Ǩ㣬ػ
ңҲǣաʱɽױա˵ѪߵͻȻӿֳһĪĿȻתԽɽ̲ס߾˫ۣǽѵһʤ
ʤʤʤ
Ѫߵ̫ʤ󣬻֮䣬þòŵɢ
Ȼַ绹֪Ѫ߿еġָ˭Ѫߵ˼
ѪߵĿȻǸΪ⣬ǸʱѵһʤӼĵʱ˷ʵһϧ飬ԣѪ߾뵽ԼݣֻǣΪʲôֻѡԼˣַͲö֪ˡ
˭ַѪڼϣɵæһ䡣
Ѫ߻Ȼתԭݵɫѱȡһߴ󲽳ַһߴ˵𣬡ӵҲӵഺûĺڰҲûаᣬҳϡһƣһֱңֱսᣡ
ȻһЩҲӲ˵ˡݡ
ַвЩ⣬ɱ˲գ۵ѪԭҲиô
湻İ
ͬʱַҲɵӿһԼͰݱ˵ֿˣһҲֻʣһʱˡ
뵽˴ַ̲סһᣬʶĿ˰һۣȴÿҲԼֻǣ֪ʲôʱ򣬰ͻȻЦ棬ôԼϣЦݿôů
ַ翴УеȴŨˣ֪ýֻʣһʱ䣬չʾһ档
ѪߴʱҲע⵽˵ı飬һǿȵȴȴûдˣôĿţ۵׸һ˿Īıˡ
Ǹ
ַعͻȻʶѪݻԱߣֻʣһʱǲЩΣݵ˫Ҳһ˿Ρ
Ѫߴ˿Ѿָ˴ƽ˿ûж˵ʲôһߵɽɽУ䵽ɽ֮ϣŤͷ˵úϧɣճһɱ㡣
˵䣬㲻ַӦһתʱʧڿ֮С


һ ݵ΢Ц
ҹˮ⼫ԭߵɽϣʧȥ䣬ɽͨ峺
嶥ֱƺһ´ֿɼ
ɽˣĬĬһһŮӰ໥һ泯֮һıӡ
ԺХ˵ķҡ¹ϣߴʤķ嶥Եô
ַͰѾһϣһֱû˵κλôţȴ֮Ҫ
ݸ˿ںϵ˿ȻѾϣѪȴȻ˺ϣһĻ
֪ʲôʱַϵǸ֩˿Ѿϣ֩붾ѪеһƬʹҲʧ
һֱԼ壬ǲ֮һ㣬۶ôֲ˿ڣò˶೤ʱԶϣңƺ붾ض޷Լ壬֮ǰ׶ʥʮּˣ죬֩ľ綾Ҳˡ
ڣַѾȥˣҲȥԼ嵽׳ʲô⡣
Ϊһеһ
ַ硭
΢ЦŤͷߵһĬĬһڴӹĿ磬ЩƮʲô
ڻ׹ǰ
ַ̧ͷ£ȥƽܻص֮ǰһߵǸ۶ЩѱСӣҪ;³Ͳˡ
ΪʲôȻϻ΢Ц۵ȴЩ꣬ġ
ַ£ûлشݣǼ˵ֻߣҵմСرѧԺǸСӣҪȥ¾ƹݣҾͲ֪£Ͳ֪ҵˡ
˵ݵͻȻЩӣȥҲһЩ˵ڸһ𣿡
ǡ
ַ˵ͷԭƽһ˿ӵζҵûʶ㣬û֪ҵ⣬ҵ϶һ㣬ǾͲһҲᰮңܸԭҲͲеʹˡ
˵ַ鲻Խ̾ϢһϧԶزȥˣ
ʹʲôʹܾĻԶʹ൱С΢ЦҡҡͷңҴӲڰ㣬У˭Ҳ
ݣˣÿ˶һĸ壬û˭벻˭û˭˭ȥ֮ˣҸ˼˰ɡ
˵ַЩԳǹŮԺʥǿߣҪǣǣһһеƽռôѾˡȥŷ֣ǰһïɭ֣Сʵ̫ˡ
ңǹ壬ôݣҲֻдͻҲ㣬һʼһ󡣡
ַ磬˵ʲôͻȻһɫʧȥ΢ЦΪںʲôλǽǮںˣ
һ仰󣬲ϻڿ֮С
ַһӿһ̣һǿҵĳ嶯ӵסߵˣ֪ôʱӭݵԼ̲סļǹǿҵĳ嶯
ĬƬַ̣羡Լعƽݣ㿴ˣʵҴûа㣬֮ԸһΪĸףҲйģҲĳɹĽݾ
ԭҲЩ˵ڣϹȥɡʱҪٲ˵ĻҲܵĵǴԣ㲻ôںңġ

žΧһƬž
ֻвϺХĿ硣
ɫƽµӣסˣͻȻоԼоʲôѿһ㣬ۿҲһȣ鲻ԽСʵô
ַ¶һ˿ҧģԭҵ˽Ǹ
ңΪʲôȻѾˮȻЩġ
ַûпݣƽΪʵݵϣǵ۹ʴδĻʵۣˣһȺ˾ûѪ£Ҳûȥˣ
ҶİȥµϣΪʲôûУңݾǿĨȥһˮεַ硣
Ǻǡ
ַͻȻЦһ֮дһַ̣Ҫһȥô죿㸸ײҵҲʧȥĽݾңؽһпΪȥ֮󲻻ʵһж㸸
㸸Ҫ֪һΪһȥ𣿼ȻһΪʲô뻹Ӯ˵ĺøУ
Ϊʲôǰûз֣Ůô
˵ַ֮г˷̣ĽƿԼ˸ȥֻǣʱ򱳶Űݣַڻһˮ˴ĵϡ
Х·һûƽͻȻ쳤Хйе֪ô
һסˣԭز֪룬ˮģݡ
ֻƬ̹ͻȻӵվߵַǰ
ңһ֮ǰڿ־ɭֵǸСǰԾеʱΪʲôôżĳ֣ҪǵһʧȥĽݾҪ㵱ʱżĽŤɫǹװģҵȷǸˣ֪ʲôǰ

磬·һͣϢᣬϴӰϵ䡣
е˭
ĸô

ŰǽЪ˹ֱַоԼѾŤһţȻתȥŮԼʵ⣡
뵽ҪǺĵԭûжҡ
ݼַ粻Լˮٴˮһӿ·ҲƲסļ䷭ӿץסַļǿתͬʱΪʲôϻشңشҰ
ХĿԡ
һ̣·һ

㡢Ҳˡ
ݿַϵǸۼеļͻȻ˲ƽΡΡһֻ֣Ҫȥַϵۣٴ¶΢ЦģҾ֪ǹŻô˵ġ
ַ翴Űݿϵ΢ЦͻȻļһۣ͵һƿ˵һ䣺ûй⣬ֻǱ紵۾
ʱѾףվⶥ֮ϣԿĽѾƺϷ¶ͷ
һڶϣ˵ϣҲ˸ӿ˶Էϵı顣
ݺȻǷһĳַȥһѾͱסһ΢Цţһƭңǿˣ
ַ翴ߵճЩżٴһƿݣץ˫磬ʹһݣˣҲѪߵұҪԣҪˡĻǵƭҲãƭҲգ֮һжҪˡ
˵ţַɿԼ˫֣ˮȴǾǿ΢ЦŽԼİݣ̾ϢΪ֮ɡ
˵䣬һĺš
ǣԭվ˽ӽԵλãһˣ߸û˶ٿռ䡣ֻǣַ֪һ㣬˵˱Ե֮ͣ˰һۣ΢ЦμУڵݡˡ
£ַ͵غһӣҲһţ˲͵ȥ
ľ磬ַҲͬʱ۾һ䣺ݣҰ㡣
ֻǣһ仰ƮƮģ˲ʧڿ֮У˭Ҳ
ϣڿַ֮ͻȻϺ£ʹ²ϵˮȻֽӵſ罥Զ
֮󣬰ݲһոϵ˿ڣַӰʧĵط첽ȥȻһţֱԾȥ
ϸϵ˿ھסôڣ˲ٴѣѪʱŰƮɢڿС
·оʹԼ·һͬ׹ַ磬ַ磬ȥҶ㣡
ԭ۾ַжʱ󾪣۾ԼϷϷһ΢ЦİݣϴƮѪڿеʱȻ䣬ƵĳϿմ󺰵ݣʲô
˵ˣȥҾ㵽ݴ˿̷·ΪˣЦݣҲҪ뿪㡪
֪֪ǵģ
ַԭӢݴ˿ѾĲӣƴҪӻԼ׹ƣһжֻͽ͡
ݿַĶҡҡͷ΢ЦŴ·Ҳ£
ʱַѾ˵Ѿӿᣬ·ҲƲסеѹ֣Ȼ쳤Х
һХ쳹գаʹϷİݲ̲סˮֻǣ˿ȴǾǿ΢Цַַ磬
ųХʧڿ֮Уַһѹֵĸӳĵ˵ͷҼŮ
Һÿѽݵٴδ̲סһ£Ȼһþȫһ仰ҪӳΪļ䣡
ԶԶ·ַĶУӴ
һ̣ҲƲסӿģȫϷݡҰ㡪


һ ³
һ䣬ַʹı۾
еһĻĻȻĵס
һǱСѽ˵Ŀ¿Ҳͬʱӿ
ϣĻһ˿ͬ𣿡
ԭĿӿһ˲䡭顣
ַ磬Ҳ㣬Ҷֻһݵٴ쳹߿գӯֻ졣
ַͻȻ͵˫ۣһ۾ľ룬ͻȻкѪߣѪ㲻˵ðƽ߳ԭ𣡣

׵ģͻȻһڿ˵ͬʱ𣬶ַ統оԼֹͣ׹ƣʶĳϿտȥͿѪһĮĳڰԣݴ˿Ѿվ࣬ЩãȻȴȻЦ档
Ѫûпڣĳַַ֣ʱ͸еԼٴβɿƵĳѪ߷˹ȥ
ȥҼ֤ʱ̰ɡ
Ѫ˵һ䣬ֻô飬ζ
ַ翪˵ʲô˵ӰȻٴγµǸɽ嶥ٷȥ
ôôɵַ翴ǰЦİݣЩᡣ
ϵЦûб䣬ĳһ£Ȼҡҡͷû˵
ַȥȥϵˮӵ뻳Уݷ·ҲҲƲסļ䷭ӿıסַʡ
˾໥ӵѪߵſĴű˴˵İ⡣
û˾ʹﵽ˷嶥
Ѫ߸򶫷һƬռַͰݡ
ٴվڷ嶥֮ϣַͰݵжЩпֻ꣬ǣѪߣвɵҲһɽš
ַ˿Ѿƽ٣ϵڰϣԴ
ɿݣתȥǰһǰϰ۱紵ӣһѪ߸£ллܾ°ݣ֪ҲôȥӦﾲ
һΣַΪϣȻѪ߽ԵĶԼͬؼʱ°ݣַоǸм֪Լ޷ӱȴ
Ѫû˵ɸ򶫷ַʱճһֻһУһΣȻûʹֿ˵ĹŹַֻʾַȥ
ַ翴һҪɱԼô
뵽ַ粻ɵʶһ۰ݣϴķѹ΢Цһӿ
һѹסַ̾ϢһߵѪߵߡ
ѪַһۣͼŶֻһ仰ǸŮҲɡ
ַʱһ£ѵѪ߲ҪɱԼ
ʱͬѪİѾ˹ַߡ
Ѫָָϣ°ɡ
˵ţأϥ
ַͰݲɵöһۣȻ˶֪ѪҪʲôǻĿѪߵϡ
Ѫ˫ۣһͷ׷ƮͻȻһſ˿ڣֻȥȴǳ꣺ҵĹ°ɡ
˵䣬Ѫ߲˿ڣأ˵ȥܾǰ³ȺûǨʱӵбڸħޡǸʱ򣬻ûԭɱǣֻǣʱһƣ֮ӵǿʵԽԽ࣬ǲΧԭɱʼ뵽ԭ
ĵ³ǲϲɱ¾󲿷ħ뿪طһĵص¾ӡǣȺкסзŭһʱ嶯֮¿ħɱ뼫ԭǿߡ
峤ʢŭ֮¸кһĳƺš³һҪıµкϳȺͬʱҲʹԦ֮ԶܷȺ
ʣµһкȻûб峤ϳȺȴԶػԭ
Ѫ˵ַͰҲǸԶػԭкԼ
ֻǣ˶֪ԭ黹ôһ
ǸкҡѪĿַһۣҪǿҵʱû峤ǸϳȺк㣬ȴΪͬ׳Լ
ַڶЦһЦû˵ʲô
ѪְĿ˶ǽĽϣĹ£ֻǣ뵱һŮŴ¹󣬱һͬ嶥
ڷ嶥ӵڷ嶥̸飬λÿߵǶʱ⣬Զǡ
˵䣬ѪͻȻ˳ĬУַҪڵʱȴٴ˵ֻǺþ峤ǳŮҽΪұǶģŮȴҪȺһ뿪
ȺǨǰһϣŮٴ嶥໥ӵ￴һϵ£˭ûȿ˵ΪǶ֪˽ҹվͼ롣
ֻǣ̫һ̣ŮͻȻҵĻѣ˵ֻŻԶڼԭңȻȥʱûաԦȴʼնûһȥ
ȥˣͲͬ˰ɡ
˵Ѫ߽Ŀ˰ݵϣƺϿ˵һ棺Ҫ¸ҡ
¸ңͻȻҡҡͷмһ˿ߣ¸ô¸ңַ粻ǻҪϣ

ѪߵͻȻ¶΢ЦͨϷտ飬ԣҾһȥ
˵ţѪְĿתַϣôˣ֮ѾԽԽˣɱʵڿϧ
桢ô
˲͸˿ϲı飬ңһ̣ۿָһɼˮƲסļ˵һ䣬ַһ첲Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
ַ缤֮Ҳ̲סЩᣬΪ˵ȻڿϱȰ̫ľ飬Ŭѹסļ䷭æѪ˵лл
лҡѪٴνĿתص˽ȥҪллߵŮɣúö
ַص˵ͷļƺʲôæʵеǸŮǡ𣿡
ǣΪʹõ³ЩһֱŬ
Ѫûлرһ㣬ƺǽҪӭĳѪߵԵЩɽµıӱסʬ壬Ȼ³ΥȺĹ涨ѰҸҪռ
ʱΪҵʵ΢ֻ취׽һЩӵжͨսʿȻõ³ڵĶתЩתտԼʵ
Ȼ󣬵ҵʵﵽʥ֮ұڴ½ϵɱǿߣǵϢʹõ³ѪߡĳƺҲôġֱ˹
ʥ
ַ粻ɵʶ˵˹ݣ֮˵ݣΪּ˽֪ԭҲΪҹʱ׹ʥȫ˵Լٴλ䵽ֲַѿڶӦħ˫ްɣ


һ Ѫ
ʥһ֣һĳƺţһλˡ
ʮħʦˮ׼ʮٵǰۣʮʹﵽ˱һҲﲻʥ
һţʷҲǴûгֹġ
ǣֻţȴ˽֪
֮۹Ϊһս
˵Ĵս
ڵʱҰ˼еĳǳأΪȾصʱʥһ˻ϵħĩУʱռǳһǳصϿգͻȻ꣬ǿսʿֵܵϮ
ֻ˶̶̲һӵʱ䣬һǳؾͳױǡ
ʥͷϵ֮󣬾û˿˥ĳ̶ȣٶȶǳͷˮϵȺ͵ϵضɽҡһʱ䣬ռĳǳؾֻʣһ
˶ΪħľʱȴֱռһǳأǳУפʵǿǿߣ˵У˵ǿҲѾʥһһ޾ֱ֮չս
ֻǣĽǿǿ߱÷ϵԪֱ֮ӸԴ
ʥôվ֮ϴ·ʣµ˵˵ҹɱ٣
ǣ֮˾ҲûַҲ֮˲֪ʥϵħﵽʥսʿʵҲףҲǴ֮ʥֺͳƺż˽֪
˵ﲻһ漣һȫӢۣ
ԣһѪ˵ַ֣ʱЩԾ
ѪߵʵȻɼʥǲ˲٣ַɪպ޲ؿ¶ǹĶ֡
ֻǣѪߵ棬ַ绹û˵һЩĻ
ȷħ˫ޡ
Ѫߵ¶һ˿пʱһ־ΪʲôҪɱǿߣҲҶԼʵ̫ˣû˵ֱӶֻոսӴغϣҾ֪ԼͲĶ֡
ǣұ㿪ʼӡƺĲңжֻʱȻʵԱû⡣
ֻǣҲˣڵҲʱ򣬵ȴһ޵׶׷ʱ䣬ǾǶƺûмƣǸʱѾﵽ˱ıԵ
ҪɱʱҵĶ˳ˡ
Ķˣ˵ε𣿡ַѪ˵Ļʱʶľ˵˳ңЩŵĲһʣȡʥǶô
Ѫߺԥĵ˵ͷ¶һ飺֣һжû߹ȥ
һУַɫɵЩѿֺ֮ĸоѵô
ʵϣַһֱͲϻڣֻǣԽ͵飬ܻ̲סⷽ룬ʱѪ߿ɽַ̲ס˵ˡ񡱵ۣڣʥȻһлܣڵһʱҲɵʡ
ڻҪ֪Ѫûлش⣬ͻȻһüͷ˵ǰ⣬ƾǰһ죬϶Ҳ֪һеġ

һַ̣뵽˵罣Լĵ罣ȫѹɵģӵмǿиǣַҲеĲ㣬ÿһиҪһĵңַҲо罣ûдﵽ͵ĳ̶ȡ
Ҳ˵罣Լѹڵѹʲô̶ȣַԼҲûʲôס
ֻǣʱѪߵָʲôѪ߲Ը϶˵ֻܽ˶
֮أ˵ʥ֮ƺǴʲôЭ顣ַתƻ⣬˸ȵĹâ֮ҲûӴ½ϳֹɣ
䣬һԵİҲѪͶ˺Ŀ⣬ʱ֪Ѫַ߲Ӽлָ֮ȻûκѹȻҲ˵£ַ飬ɵҲר
ǵġѪûκηϣ˵ڶ˵İ£ڼһȻ˻ܣȴ˵˺ܶŭĻʱǿеҸֻǣǽ̸֮󣬶˱ΪǩһЭ顣
Э飿ô˵Э鲢ǩµôַüͷôЭľݵʲô
Ѫߵ˵ͷĿһΣûоַܾ磺ЭҪ˴˴ɶԷһҲɱǿߣҪɱңҵʱȻǲӦټɱ˵Ļûռûа취ˣҶںһȴУ
ַвһɺ⣬Ѫ߳˶ԡе֮⣬ֱ˵ݣʵѪ
ҽЩ˵ڵʱ򣬹ȴԥûãһھʹӦռ㹻ҵ׻Ҫ
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ҵĿĴﵽ󣬾ҲûгɣٶȸϻؼԭҲûлص½ȥһ˲࣬һ
һ䣬Ѫ˵ĺƽַȴܴԹĳƺϸܵĳ⣬ѪĮԸʲôںȴΨ˵ʥʱȴԾĴ˼ָп
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˵Ѫߵָֻ˱䣺ֹ˵ֻҪӵﶼʥǿߵȻƷߵģ
ַüͷʥǿ߲ӵôһ˵
˭ģѪͻȻ׵ĴЦ·Ц顣
ַ粻Ȼ
Ҫ֪ϷԼĹ켣Ȼй켣ǾͱȻеȻˣʥǿֻһˣǻûаѡ顯ķ룡
Ѫ˵һ£֮ͻȻһɿȣǡҪġûУֻĸȫһɽӹŵ񣬽ɽδҲؽ㣡
仰䣬ĽҲȫ̽ͷҲһַ̣ʱоؼһϢ֮һ˲Ũ̶Ѿǹ˺ХĿ磬˶оһϢ
ѪеĿƺҲһ̱ȼһ´ӵվѹƲסеļ߾˫ִҪˣҪˣ


һ ʥ֮
Ѫߵ仰еƺﵽ˼㣬һ̣ձͨһƬƺȲһ̵Ĳá
һɹðݵȻӵ״𣬸ǹ˿Хǹ˴˿е
ַʶȥͿԭһխխıӾǷһðһһݣһ̣ͻȻоȻ׵ľһζ
ʶģ밲վ
ҪţɽᵹѪֻеĿȴ˿ûм
ء
һǺħ޵ͻȻ⼫ԭ֮лħ޻Ǿżħޣһ̣ƺҪӭӡĳһ㣬ص֮䡣
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ԭΪַ罫Ѹݣֻܽȫת£˿ȴҲо˿䣬оԼĺеҲ֮ԼķУԼ࣬ҲͬʱԼ塣
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ٺ٣ȫЩɣʲôʱֺµġǲǵ壬ǸоԼϺԺӿǵٶȡ
Ѫ߲֪ʲôʱˣ۵׸һ˿ᣬ˵仰֮󣬱ֽĿ˷£һߵıϡ
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ַֻԼľ֮ǰҪ˺ܶ࣬һ˵ĸо˵ַľԭֻһСϪСϪ˴֮У۱޵ķŴ
ַǰȻһ
ңַҲᵽһֵĸоƺԼΧʱ޿̶һɹԼǴˮһ㣬ȻоȻڣȴʵᵽΧġˮˣָоǰйģ
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ռ䷨򣿡ַûʲô˼üͷһѪߡ
νռ䷨̤ʥĵһҲҪһ
Ѫ߿һ·ڻıӣҪ廹Ҫʱ䣬վת泯ַ˵ʥڿռ䷨֮ϣҲ벻ռ䷨㷽̤ʥı־
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ղŹңƶһȦȻǴռ֮УֻҪڿռ֮УǾͱȻܵռֻҪıռĹ켣Ȼͻ𣬻˵ӵеĹ켣Ӷɢ
ַһֻǰȻһ
ֻҪﵽʥͿÿռܶ飬һʥµĹ㽫κ˺Ѫ˵˫һУ㵱ȻҲԿƿռʹУÿռһ˲ɱʥ֮µĶ֣
ô˵ʥ֮ȫÿռˣַ۵Ȼһ˿ɻ󣺡ôͬÿռ䣬Ϊʲôвأ
ÿռֻһ棬ʥ֮йԼ֮ϣﵽʥ֮Ȼʥ֮·ˡѪ΢΢ҡҡͷھǸҲûʲôô׽͡
ôô˵Ҳǿʥ𣿡ַȥһ˿ֻҪÿռ䷨һʥ֮µĹЧ𣿡
ڵĻ̫ѪߺĴַһ䣺ֻռ𵴣ӶԶԷĹҲ𲻵ǿĿġ
ַȻ򣺡ΧĿռˮĻƶˮԷţˮйͷеĻǲǾָڶĵȼ
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Ȼ˵³Ҳ࣡Ѫߵ˵ͷ
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ѪߵȻ˵ַ缸ҪſڴӦ۵ȴһ˿թҪѧϰ³ȻͱսʿʵҲ˵Ҫڶڲ³

ַʱȻ
˶ûжΪػ壬ôԼ¸ͳܲס罣Ҳûа취ѹ罣ͬʱǿˣһԼеȫȻ޴档
뵽ԼѾʥ֮գۿԼܴﵽʥһȨ֮£ַźҡҡͷ²УǲģǱǸʧˡ
Ѫַ֪ͻô˵ûһı飬пһ䣺Ŀǰڴ½ϺҵһԸѧϰ³ˡ
һζַͣڶвЩпͬʱĵȻһӰӣѿڶѪ߸£롭ʶһˣһʺϸѧϰ³Ȼ


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ѪһüͷҪ֪Ҫѧϰ³ȻҪԼߣҪһȻڵġȻӴ࣬һ֪㲻ԼˣҲŻѯǷѧϰ³Ȼ
ַϸеǸӰӣԱѪ˵Ļ΢һ£ӵѪ߸£˵ЩȫϣɵǳΪһʫˣ룬һҪΪʫ˵ģȻӦò̫Զɣ
νʫˣһЩĿװ̬Ӷи֯ҥȺߴ½޶ڶɢַֻУʫ˵Ϊ࣬٣Ѫ֮ǰûмʫ˵ġ
ַ뵽Ǹ˲ǱˣǾЩ㱵İļǵðǵһʫˣԸҲѪҪ󼸺һһѪ߲ʫˣһһλʵǿʥ³
ܰѪΪʦȻһõĽ֣
ȻڱѧԺȴûһ˼ôʵһͨˣҪѧϰ³ȻĻҲҪ˵ʲһˣ
ôѪЩͻȻǰһ˭ںη

Ѫżַ粻ɵЩΪӣҪеΣȻ˸ûģϾԼҪԭѪߵĻҪͨ˲ͬ⣡
ǣѪôż뵽ôĮԸԼݺס֮ѱʲô飬һļ֮ȥҰƢֳһЩҲпܣʱ򣬾³һЩ⣬Ҳֻǿоܾˣ
ѪɫǽֲַĳھܾվĹ۵Ͽһ˵Ѫ߸£ЩⲻңҲѯ
Ŷûϵȥ֮ѯʺ˵ɣͬĻͰԭңͬĻҲգֻ˵ûһڵģҲҪĴˡ
ַϣѪƺҲоԼеʧ̬ˣ仰˵ļΪַͣ粻ɵðһ
ͬʱҲһ̹ϾδҲиˣԼֻҪԺ취˵˲ǾͿˡ
ڸô˵˲ַȻûһף·һ߳ģֻ˳ȻˣǸȡˡ
Ѫ˵һ䣬㲻϶˵תȥ·ӣһһ֤ʱ̰ɣ
ַڼȻѪ߲ɱԼˣҲͲ뿪ѪôļįʱûĻǲʹ࣡
뵽ַʹһɫ
ȻǱַ֮ǰ֮ô˵ҲȫΪԵʡַɫݵ⣬ַͷʾһ£˾ͳѪߵλ˹ȥ
ʶĳ·һַۣͿ·ǸӲ֪ʲôʱѾɽλãͬһֻһһխխӻʲô֧źһ㣬Եôͻأ
·ıϣħΧڱ֮ǰ쳤Хôߵλһ㱡ڵֲַ·һЩʲôħޣֻǿħӰӡ
űһĽҲѾ˰գһƬƺյͨҲһά͵ĺ⣬ůů໥֯һγһĻ档
ѽ׾İ̲סһ̾
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ݾַ£վһűɫâӳ֮㷢ڿƮ
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˵һб任̫죬ַжֻ㱸С
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ҲϰصתСԴԲһ˫۽ϰأеľ档
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ַæٴϰؽ̸̲סڶ˵һ䣺࣬Խز
زʱɵĽһ
ϰһһ֣̲סСԴĿͶַ磺Сһҵô°ɣ
ǺǣʵҲܼ򵥣ϰؽ˵ɡַʱѾó˲ڰݰæ֮£ѾٴεȼҲѾ˻涥˼š
ϰزپܾСԴվߵ˻ˣСһҰɣû뵽㻹ţ̫ˣ
ַϰػеǹϲ⣬һ߰ſ⣬Ҳһ߿ʼ뿪֮󡭡
£ַѺ򵥵ϰһ飬˵ҲԼɽʱϰصԸһ˿𾪣˵ѪԾˣɱԼ֮ʱϰص϶ʱһ˿졣
ȳ԰ɡַ罫ȵĲĿݸϰأּ˾һ֤ิʱ̡
ڰݲϵĲ֮УַҲڰе鶼ԭԭĽϰأеȻҲ񲻾庮ܣѪߵָҲ˿¶˵˳
Ͼϰ̫ˣͻʥĻʹȵõӳ
ϰ֮󣬳˼һпһ䣺û뵽˵еѪҲһ˰
˵вɵһ˿įַ粶׽һʱתƻ⣺ѪȻĮһ㣬ҲǸֵ𾴵ǿˡ
ϰضһ£ʱûʥܵ¶üͷ˵౾Ѫߵˣ
ַԥĵ˵ͷ
ϰʶľͳ࿴˹ȥȴɹɵվԭأȴֱĿԼĿ⡣
˫۾ﾡǿϰһůʱʵС࣬ǲҲ԰
ԥĵ˵ͷ
ַڶУһüؽѾԹˣʣµʳﲻˣԼĶӰɡ
ûϵϰͻȻǼã˺һ鿾ݸࣺС࣬԰ɣ
ϰصϣಢûֱӽӹݹĿ⣬ǳַ翴˹ȥƺѯַ
ַ翴Ŀ⣬һ̣ڻǵ˵ͷ
࿴ַͬ⣬ڽӹϰصĿ⣬ֻǣȴǴһ鿾˺һƣС첲ʣµĵݵϰǰزҳԲˣ
ϰرЦˣӹݹĿһӽ
ַͰҲЦݣֻǣַͻȻ뵽ʲôһ㣬ڵؽϺأôֻԼ
ǶȻȥˡ
ϰϵЦʧȡ֮һأַ磬ϰ̾һ֮ȰСΪԺ˵ˣôõҲһȰСأ
ΪʴԭѾˣЩһѾľƣˣҡΪѾˣеʳﶼĿռָȻһ·ûûһֻħޣһȺ˾ʧȥʳԴ
ʧȥʳԴ˵ӦҲסԣҾʴȻȥˣ˵ʵȫ·ĻһӦ÷رСˡ
ϰصĻ˵ûʱٶȣҵʱ˵ǸʱϾֻǰͨٶȸ·һ·Ҳħ޵ɧţлò͵ʱ䡣
ǣȫ·Ļ㵤ϵ˻ûȫϣһҹʱ䷵رСӦûʲôѶȡ
ֻǣַ仰ͻȻᡱһ¾ʹӵվüͷˡ˿϶ΪѾˣصСҪ˵Ѿˡ£嶯ٴνԭ˲˽ȴ˽һһ嶯ԭôıԭǾͲˣ


һһʮ Ҫˣ
һС鵱УҲַֻǱȽ׽κͰݶ˽ϾַǸദꡣ
˲֪Ըַȴ
ԱųʵĸǿһҪ׼һ·һһֱȥ
֮·ˣ˵ˣ
ֻеϺλȥȻѯѯԼ䣬ȻԼ˵Ϻξ˵Լħ޴֮Уһ˵ԼˣȻᾫʧһҪԭԼС£ħްΧ˿ɾǴˣ
ϾѪ߿ûħȺ˺
뵽ַϵɫżˣ
ϰغͰַĻʱҲȻһ㣬һ¾ʹӵվ
ھ͸Ͻ·ϰ˵һ䣬еĿⶼһæʣµĿⶼӽַ硣
ַӹӽռָŰݵ˵ͷҲһͷߵǰһѽ
ʱѾһƿ⣬ֻһβûŪֶָ֬ϵͣҲûʲôˡ
һַ籧ȻȻľֻС첲סַĲӣһżɫҪ𣿡
ǵġַһͷƬ̣ѯʵ࣬ȻҪȫ·ٶҪƽʱϺܶ࣬ҪǺµʱ͸Ͻҡ
šɵӦһԴַļϣһԴ۾żԭķƺЩ
ַི㲻ٶ˵ʰ֮͸ϰغͰݴһƣȻȫתಡһʧԭء
һȻ٣ľﲻϷٵˣһоַöס󣬱ԽԽԵú棬ûһ˿⣬ССϷдһĪ˷ܡ
ֻǣæڸ·ַͲῴõˡ
ͬʱ𲽷صʱȫ˽ӽһһҹĵϺҲڷص˱СϣֻǣѴߡ
ڵһʱ䣬ҵԭһֱû˷ǼСùݣҵֿ˺ȵһѷˣȵ극֮󣬵ϻһסߣȥֿ֪ͨԼѾˡ
ò˵ϲ˵ٶȻǺܿģֿ˹ʱ򣬾Ѿκ͵ͳԣǷƵٶֱƼԭĿ硣
ʵϣֿҲֻŷرСģȻһ·ķ˲ûܵħ޵ӣҲֻƽ·ٶȿô֣ϾʱϤλŸ·ˡ
˶гʳԣҲκ͵ƴȫٸ·
ӵߵ֪֮ͨ˶ʱٶ˴֮С
оֻκ͵ϵʱ˵ɫɵöЩ죬ǿǱģоͶʱһ
ΣôˣأƵܵԣѯʵһԸϹֿɫҲɵЩ̫ÿ
κ͵϶ʱ̧ͷֻǣ뵽˵Ľַ֣ʱ˶һϲɵöѿɫ
ֻǣȻߣֿ˲ܴϿʲôǣεɫȴǿ
ȻνӴʱ䣬ҲӴ˲٣ӡУξּΪ侲ˣ״򲻶˿̿һѿɫжʱ⡱һ£æʵΣǶôˣ˵
ǡ
γƬ̣׼е˼·ҪַԲѵʱȴһԵĽﴫһ䲻мУô£һȺСëûȫȻΣյı
ˣͣǲмһԭֻû˵ڣһΪϵ
֮ǰǸп˵ļһѵ⣬㲻ϼ˵أֹһ䣺ߣʲô˵ģȻԭǾͱ͵ǰҪ׼
һСֻ࣬ǣȴȻĴ˵Ķ֮С
ʱ˵ɫЩÿ
ͻȻͷȥһ߻һߴ˵ղĸ쵰˵Ƕˣ
һ̣ԵЩͳȻŬѹеŭ
ǰһСһŵӣԼ쵰ʱ͡ᡱһ´λվŵǴү˵ģô
ѰȥͿһļһԴԼһܰӡ
ֻ˲оȼһŭ𣬵ʱǰȥȴԼֱͻȻ֪ʲôʱֿ˸סˣɵջֿˣʲôң
ֿԭҲһص¶һ˿Ϸʵı飬Ȼ뵽ʲôӡ
˵ʱǸ˵Ա߲ԶͻȻվһӰҴѵˣΪǶ˹Ӿ˵Ҿ治ѵ㣬⼸λѵǸ
ƺЩˣ˵֮סŰı飬˵ҪСӵǸŤȥԴװû
ʱ򣬳ԵĲκ͵Ҳ˵ߣŽǸˣεɫҲЩѿ
ʱǰѵ˵ӣӺӰ߳˹߳Ӱԥһ£ͣ׼ȥĽŲ˵Ҫʲô
Ŀʮ꣬Ŷ̷ȥΪգԴһ˿Ǹ⣬֮󣬶ʱһ½ڣλѣǱѩӶŵų³ŵǵǸҸұ֤ġ
Լţֹ˿һ̨£ͼʲôãֻҪţ˵˵ݣһѩӶҲԶ̨ףǽ졭
ģٺ١ֿͻȻǹЦţĿǣǹĻҾͳСͱƨ㿴ô
ʱһ仰ս
λѣͬԭͷ̧ͷܸܲԺһ³ŵֻһüͷӻȡһСӣ򿪴ӵݵֿǰʮļħ޵ħˣҸλô
Ȼֻļħħˣʮżһ㹻ͨͥһµĿ֧ˣ˵³ŵóʮļħħˣԱĳ⡣

ļħ޵ħˣֿ˺εĳһЦҪûãϻֻҪСӵһȣˣ
ѡֿ仰³ŵıͱѵĸǱѩӶ𣿡
£Ѿվ˲ӰĿԼʮģ˹ǸֿһۣƵɫ
ֿȻƢٺãҲסôƣңֻ˻ԭ鲻̫ãһ֣ͽֿеŭ˳
ߣ
ֿһ͸𴿰ɫη岼³ŵˣɱǱƴħ˶ȥˣ˵ʮˣһٸȫ£
˲䣬³ŵһȺȫסˣֿϴɫĶ˵ԭںĿһʱҲԭأĻʲôŵ顣
ǶֻһЩͨӶҲʲô͵ӶţƽջڱԭΧɱһЩͨħ޶õĲ³ŵҲֻʵһսʿĶʱɵۣ
սʿǶ˵ǶôңԶһʣ
λ¡³ŵֻԼͷѾð˺СĶֿ˵˵׾˾Ϯ˹ӾˣҪ»в鷳ġ
ʱ򣬲³ŵڰ˵źûֻһû˵ˣԼҲҪӾŭ
ֿ˸Ͳһף˵ʲôȴоᴥһ£ʶĻعͷȥͿϸʹһɫ
ֿȻƣжַ˵Щ죬һѿռ佻˵ϡ
ûпʲôӻһʵӣӵ³ŵָָڽĿˣƽö˹ȥ۶ңΪ㡭ǸСӣҪˣ


һһʮ Ե
һ仰ȻƽȴԵ֮
ڶвɵöɫ䣬ֿ˺û뵽ƽյ͵Ȼ˵ô񡱵Ļ¶ͬʱĵҲ̲סЩš
ֻƽȻʵǿҲѲƽݣ˱Ȼǹ壬׾˾˱Ͼǹ壬һϮӾ
۹ֹƶȣһƣϮνϮǿУһϮ徭ܶĻۣĵѾǳ
ԣֹǵġ
˱ҲֻѵһҲͰˣ˵ҲߵĻϾһϮǿɲġ
ǡ˭뵽ƽＫΪ͵Ȼڴʱͷ񣬶Ҳ˵ãһ˵ֱҪǸһУǸƵǸʲô
ΪĵͬʱҲ̲סЩ档
Ǵ˿̣Ȼ˵ŵĻȻĵٵģҲֻڶ٣һҪϺ񡭡
ֿ˺ϻǲ⸡صɫ
ֻһԵαϵһ˫۾͸¶Żȡ
³ŵӹӹһͿӵϿ̻һȼܻľɻ̻ļΪ£˿һ۷·ܸоһȼһ㡣
ȼյľ棬ĳͼһƥս⣬ֻͼһȦ⻷ʾսһб־Եͼڣ
ͼֻҪǵ۹ĺϷ廹ջ켣ƹݵսʿͼڵ壡֪ͼŵ۹ϵȨϵ
ǸͼӵˣǱȻǻҳԱʹýʴ죬͹Եӵߵݣ
ǰ˵һССϮӾ¾ǵ۹Ϯ޲ҲÿͿ˵Ȼ޲ֻһŮԲܴй𣬵ӵСʥǿߣǾ˽֪
ʱ³ŵסˣֻôǰδеĿ־壬ͷȫǺΣ
Ͻ³ŵı鿴۵ףһߴٵѵ㻹˱绤ô
ҡ³ŵߣʱͣ˵ӵӵ˿ڽʱ򣬾Ǹӵа˼Ĵսʿ˵Ҳκηͷ
ֿˣæȥǸС׽ϲٿ³ŵƽĶֿ˵һ䡣
ֿԭŲ³ŵϻ̳ϿֵģʹΪ𾪣Ȼϴһ㣬˼ˮ׼ȻҲʲôŵݵͬʱҲڽĿ˹ȥ
٣СӣҰĴȳϲƨֿŵĺһĵطȺʱóһ롣
ʵϣѩӶŵӶҲܿ߿˵ΪһӾĹϵ켣ӶĶﲻʲôæ˵һЩ
˿̿˽ҪùֻĿ⡣
ʱ˿һԼ߹ֿˣϵİɫӣʱ㲻Ծ˫ȴȻҲ˵ϵĶԻȻʱ׵ϵݵ˭ҲϵҪԼߣ
ԭ켣Ӷ鱾һЩģȵصԼľ˾ȻԼһĲ£ӶġҲû˽˵ԼлֻʱԼܻȥˣȴ벻Ӳʯͷ
ֻǣھ֮µ쳣ǿ󣬿뵽Լ³ͬʱĵĪðһ׺ݣ׺ݵĴ֮£Եͳֿ˹ȥ
ССֿ˵Ȼһϣʱ㱬ըһľмֻǣһգ۵ĹԭڵվŵĿͻȻʧˣ
ֿ˶ʱŭԼսʿƤ£ȻǸˣ
ʱֿæȥͿԱһӵЩζƺףֿ˶˵ȥһž߷ӡ
˱ˣȻڵɪɪ
оԼıӻѾʧæֿˣſǻ޺ҪɱҰ
ֿ˲ץסʱСһ㽫һѾͳڵķ˹ȥ
ء
Χ˸Ͻһ¾ͱ˵ǰ
Ϊѩ֮䣬Ҫů¯ȡůùݵĵ沢طľʵذ壬ǼӲʯͷһȻˤÿ˲ᣬʹʶľͳһȥƺҪߡ
ϵȻᣬһһžͲ˿˵һֻϣ

Ĳҽжʱӿ﷢ͿϲȹֻѾճһ⣬ʶԼֻɫĴҽš
ˡ˵䣬ϱ㲻ˣֱתֳŵλ˻ȥ
οʱļߵսپ
˵ţҲת߻˷ŵλ
˿ҲлعŵŭȻҲһɢĲˣֻǣҲǴǵѧԺǸ񣬼ϱַĵףԼĳͳ˹ȥ
ǿ֪ԼȥˣǿŶ֮ʹ֪ͳһذףֱӴӵվӭȥҸƴˣ
ˢ
ֻһ˵Ķʱͣԭء
ҲһۣԼĳȥҲʱ򣬿˵Դһɳ죡
ѪĽͬʱҲϽȳ̵ѪὦԼϣ³ŵ̾ϢһԶλϵĵһۣһʬɣȥӾ˽
ֿ˿һĻ۵׶ʱâһһ߳ϵλȥһߵСҲѧˣ˧ˡ
ȴͲһĻϺǰ˵ɫٴһʵķǡ׶ôˣ
ο˵һۣ΢΢̾˿˵ķ

ʱԭĳ֮£ַѾͣ˱ϣһڻűˮʣһŶݵϢȫĸ·ΪĶң˿ڶʱڲԷǱҪˮ
˿̣ҲõĻħԼ֮ѡڱ֮ϢҲΪϰؾܵĲܺ紵ȫĻָŶ
Եĺ˵ڻıˮ˱㳹׽״̬ٻָһֱվַԱߣСƺԶźĿ⣬Ҳ洦ҹ䣬ôվԭŤԼСӡ
ֻǣ򱱷Ѿֻʣһڵļԭʱһ˫ܻḡһã
ͻȻ
ųȻһŮ˺һСŮ
ͷϷı𴫳һţһ𣺡Ůˣȷĸˣ
ϹӣҵȻȷˣΪ˭һϹٺ١֮дһ
ǵصıһĴЦ
쵰ЦʲôЦһٶ𣺡һĶʲôӣĸ˾͸ԭǱȻһһǿߣ
ųô˻ĸңղŶ˵лһŮ˰ٺ١֪˭ٶȴһЦ
ַȻҲЩǰݣһüͷᡱһ¾ʹӵվ


һһʮ ³
ԭͲ˳ܵӣʱһȺ˵šŮˡЦôҲ֪Ⱥڴʲô⡣
ʱվȥ
ַϰҲӻָ״̬˹ʱݳȥȻϷȺЦевҲżȥ
˭֪ԭ֮ȻΣգͬҲ˲ƸӶŵҲӶŵĵڱԭӶΪŵѪǵҲŲ˵һЩ³ĻҲΪ
ӶŻҲûʲôǿߣϾҪǶսʿʱмԸļԭأ
ԣַϰضڰԼȥҲᵣʲôΣգ˵ȻҲԹۡ
ڰȥ֮ϰؽž˲ַȽϵ౧𣬲ָ˺ȥ
ݴ˿Ѿվ˱𶥶ˣۿȥͿȺĿҲϰˣ
ڱԭҲһӶˣ
ֻǣȻẦЩӶɨһȦ֮󣬾ʹղĸ˵Цģվ
һ仰ޱȣʱſԶԶҲΪվڱϵԵʣͬҲ㷢ڿҡҷǾħģʱγһĻ档
ǡһȺӶȴǴסˣûһ˻ش˵ĻЩӶͬҲɵӣѩ֮䣬սʿҲܲϺ봩Ϻ²𵽱ůЧҪߵĻҪֱֵܵĻ
ǰݣֻĴһ£ڿ粻ϴĳ˵Ұ
ֻŵ£ҲûöµľŮӣ˭ҲȻ뵽ĲеӶ˿̲סˣÿ˵ɫÿ
ƾղЦŮҪǷƢ˭Ƕ֡
һʱ䣬ӶﲻЩ
ʱϰغͱַҲ˱ĶˣӶǿ˳ŮԱߣңҲֻҲһ£ûʹö壬ɫ˲ͱò԰ޱȡ
һŮ˻ȻһͬϺˡ˵׶ʲôʵ
ȺһȥȵɫȻҲ̫ÿԥƬ֮󣬻ǰ׵λ𾴵ǿߣǱѩħӶŵųĪƣҴӶλǿߵǸ
ȻĽţ仰˵ȴǼг⡣
ַ翴ĪһۣݵˣǾɱˡ
仰˵ƽ棬΢Щ˼ӶǵĶУʱǱͺѪɫӲ԰
Īһ⻰ʱһҧͨһϥ£ϣ𾴵ǿߣӶŵųûйܺڵĳԱҵʧְҪͰɱ˰ɣֵǶжŮ֮ԿϸԭҲΪüСȥǶͨˣЩʧųԸһе
ųų仰Ӷʱһţиʹҧҧʱǰͨһ¹ĪƵԣ׵𾴵ǿߣҪ־͹ҰɣҪû壬ֵǾ͸ˣ
ϹӣȥҪˣ˫ȲмĴô죿ĪѵϹһ䡣
ϹȻϹֻ۾رСгһŵĻ˫۾ͱһ϶˿̧ͷߵַˣҪɱɱҰɣһŲûų
仰£ȺжʱӶܳˣһڵϣ
ַȻûмˣԭҲûҪɱȺ˵˼ֻҪȺһɫ֮Զ԰˵Ǿ仰ȻҲΪ˶ݿģȴ벻仰ʱӶôķӦ
ַ磬ݡϰҲʶһ£벻ȺΪײضûøֵӶȻô壬ңϵı飬Ҳǹװģң֮¹Ҳû˻װ
ҲֻֽѵһǸĪƱŵˣϾԼҪֻһŮӵĻ˵汻Ⱥһóˣֳܲͽǣ
˿̣һĻŭᣬŭȻȺһӸȴַҲ顣
ǰһĻַҲٴλζԼʱʱζ۵ӹһ˿̣˵ʲôеȴȿˣι
ȻǵһμôˣССϲزס棬ǣݺַɫɻѯʵҪҪȫɱѽ
仰һڣڵϵӶٴըȻЩ˵˹ȥɻǣƺ֪⵽ʲô˼
ַʶľͳе࿴ȥСã̲סðЩ˾ͽɱˣòã
ַݶʱ̲סЦȻַǹⶺģһСӣʲôɱ
ǣ仰ӶǵĶУȴͲôˣȻҲ֪ൽӵʵԼѾԷûж֣ʱͼŬ
ѩؼ䲻ôºöůѾȴսʿܶˣһսʿɽԼȺˣ˵վŵˣԣǲûѡš
ɲôַ࣬ĻʱŤͷȥ̧һֻ۵Сһֵӡһ
ʱһֶ﷢˼һ£ִ˼ͬĿڣȻתСԴһĵַ磬һ㡣
ַവ˼ھһĵԼ·ǰЩӶѾһɵЦҿ佱ˣǻû
һԵϰغͰҲʱЩ̿ϵЩӶһãȻɫ
ǣַ粻ԼʱĹǺܿҪˣΪʲôѽ
šַʱˣֻǣһ㡱ֻû˵ڣʱоȷڿЦ
Ϊ
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ԭһ̲ϲµıҲڲҡΣַ˵ɫ˲䣬ϵЩӶǣѪɫȫޡ
ʶĳȥͿԶԶԱıԭϣѹѹһƬħޣĿٽֻЩַܽҲ֣һȺħ޵ȼβ룬ħʳҲļħ޺ţ弶ħޱܣֻȼߵħҲֻ弶
ǣЩħȴˢˢĳԼ֮߳У˿ȴǶûзֶԷһ㣬С
һĻݺϰҲ¶˸ӵȻֻһЩͼħޣȴǻ췢顣
ַڴʱȻ뵽ʲôȻתͷе࣬Ϳ΢Цһ˫۾Լĸַ硪Щħ޶Ľ
Ҳַ࿴ַ翴Լʱˡ
˵ţʲôͷԼµıȻС³һЩַȴЩϤ
˲䣬Ҳʲôµı𻺻½գ֮ͱƽأͺһ㣡
ΪƽףӶǶʱҲԱĴħޣȻûκεı飡ǲûмħޱңȴûмħжദһ𣬲ǰеĳ棡
ַҲ뵽ص㡣
ӼԭĽɽϿĵһһֱڣСŮһֱһȻ޺ȴַû뵽һСŮҲйֱղţͻȻʶҲǵ³
ȻףϾѪߵˣѪͬ³Ⱥ
ǾͱȻŵ³Ԧ֮Ȼ
ЩħѾõ׿ڳϣǽ±½Ȼǵ³Ȼˣ
һñ½ǰħǶʱûϰ
ͣ࣬Щħͣ¡ԽԽӽħȺַʱżŻеະһ䡣
Ȼ㲻ַΪʲôһżԼħͣ£ǹԹԵġŶһŤͷħȺһֵĿڣٴδ³˼
ԶԭȻںˮһ㱼ڶħȺʱ㻺ͣס˽ŲȻԭͣƬֱ̣֮һɢͬķԶˡ
ӶǿһĻֱˣ
ҲȥҲħȺʧĪƶʱɬ촽ַ绳ǸС૵ϣôԿƵ½ȻԿħޡ
һЩӶַҲʶĴһ£뵽ǵ³֮еҲȥ
Щһݴͷ·ûлعӶַ̾Ϣһˣм»·ղſЦЩһÿ˶Լһٸɣ
˵ţʹһɫݻع仰ʱּһ䣺Ȳһȣߣ
˵һ䣬㸴ӵĿһۣȻڶַϰصϢһҲˣǻǸϽ·ɡ
ַøЩӶƽϣҲͲڶ٣ûе๴ԼĲӣͶ԰ݺϰص˵ͷӶԼֻԼԼһΪֹͲҵ飬һԭʹͳԼ
һƬУַ籧Ͱ϶ʱȫתЩӶգ֮ʧǵ
ˣˣӶУ֪˭أԷһֵ
˰ɣһ˲ȷĻش
Īһ϶һɸֵı飺ʲôȣαסһǾһٸ⣬Ժ˵ҳԵѵ


һһʮ ޶ô
ַһٴ·ʱ򣬱СϵǸù֮С
ϵѪѾʰɾ˵ʬҲȻ뿪ӶŴˣֻǣΪ飬ԭڴе˾ֻʣˣ˲뿪ùݾǸϽصԼķ䡣
ڱСĵλýΪ⣬ͨԭĵ·խԵ۹ûСΧפӡҲȻͳ˸Ӷۼĳ
ùݵϰǸͨˣôùȻҲʶ˲飬ԣɱ˵¼ǵһҲضһ
СϣѾձˡϾܶӶΪԡ𡱵Ҳʱ̲Ħ
߱һĻŻ˹ȥеֻϰһ˰ˡ
ĬĬʰϵĲƬ飬һۻڴеˣεҡҡͷת뿪ˡ
֮պͰ˹ҲպͰĺ󳾣ħ޴ķΪڻǣɱһѪ·ȫ˳ֻǣķȴ̫ء
˵ζһ£侲֮мӸӵζȻ󣬿׷ħ޴ķȻȻٴߣԼСĹȳٳٲȥؽֻǿ߰С㳯һȥ֮Ǳʧɢˡ
Ȼ˶ѾˣҲû˵һ棬Ͼ𣬹˵ҲӦɢˡ
㡢˵ķˣɫѾò԰ޱȣǱһһƨϣ˫֮ţ૵ôأ
뵤϶һۣӶԷ￴һ˿顣
ֿˣл׷СˡϹתƻֿ˵һ䣬ϣҲתƿע
ֻǣѾôֿͣȴǼٵ¶һصģҡҡͷ̾ϢҲ䣬һһ׵ġ
Ͽֿеһӣ۵һ˿ȻȻֽĿϣվߵԱߣļ򣺡ڰ˳ɣǴϣģǱҪʵ
ʵһ䣬ͻȻ롱һվץס˵ϵ˫磬֪֪ûͲнңûĻҿڻѧԺأôʵôܽʵ
Ҫ侲еѹҲҪ֪޵ҲٻˡûĶǻͼȰ˵
οʱҲϽվܵǰæϷֿֿ˺֪ϵݵȴ֪㵤ڲںҪԺ˳˵ĻҲûʲôùӳԣϾδ˭Ҳ˵ַһˣ˵ûʲôˡ
侲һЩɣķҲʶ꣬ʶʱ̣ᵽеıˣǣǿ˵ģҲͬҪʵξԼƽһЩ߰Ϣ߼ǿ侲ɡ
һȰ˵ʱһ㣬һƨ̱ϣԴ侲Ҳ֪Ҫ侲ҵʱòã侲
˵Դʣκ͵ڶﶼһᡣ
ֿһͻȻŤͷ󺰵ϰ壬ıơƣ
ϣԶԶùϰӦ
ʣµûоܾ̾˿صԼλϣĿֿһۣҲصԼλ
һʱ䣬ùݵĴжʱֻʱʱĳص

СΧϣһͨϷĵ·ʮ˾ۼΪ׵Ĳ³ŵѾ˵ʬһСеһڶײ׼˻ؿ˵ļСС־˵С򣬺ܶ˵ĿȻ;۽
˵ڶײĲñԭеĺʯ죬ܱʬ֮ڲḯãܲ³ŵҲ֪ǲģҲû˼ȥ⵽ǲˣΪ˿ˣ˰Ĵ۹ڶײģĿľϣӾԼ
ӾĲԼô
³ŵﻹǲЩʶĿ˿Ǹߵ˽Լӣӷ棬Ȼӡһַ
ʲô˼ԸܱҰɣ
³ŵиԼ
֪ԼӲΣԣλͿ˵ʬûнб˴棬Լһ·ͻȥһܳӾԼĳ⣬ҲЩı˻᲻˽ԲϾǽʵġ
ˣˣ֮Ƕָӡ³ŵ˴һкֶŹײĵ˵ˣǳɡ
һΣ³ŵûдܶˣ֪ǰӶŵ˴ȥҲûʲôãôһһ͹ײĵĳ˵ӰĬĬע֮ԽԽԶ

ʱȻţʱѽƻ衣
һù֮УȻֻˣֻǣʱֻ࣬ʱʱ͵Ŀȴ˶Ѿˡ
ԱߵĵϣѾ˸߸ߵơƱȫһġ
ϰ壬ϡƣŤͷһְֻʣ²ʮ֮һơƵơƱݵߡ
ϰͣڶдӦһæֽıơһȥֻǣûߵǰʱֻءһ죬ùݵűˡ
ʱ䣬ǰͶ޵Ȼв٣ϰû⣬׼Ȱе̸˵ݹȥ
ǣеʶĳſڿһۣɾǿһۣȴֱסˡ
ķҵǲǻˣƿŵģɵøϽۡ
ҲʶĳſȥֻǣտһۣҲʹסˡ
ϰ壬׼ЩˣһŮûùݣֱӴ˽
˶ʱһֿأ˵һ䣺áǰС㡭
˷ӦʱȱളַѾĴ֮ŵˣȿ˵ģɵùһЦװǣһˣ
ôˣѵķ𣿡ֿʹ۾ȻһС椡ôġ
λ𾴵ĿˣǵơơϰѾߣ׼ơȥкַ硣
ɾڡ
ڡ
һ¾ʹλվǸоϰЩ£һѾͰƷ˵ϣŵơȻҲһ
ϰȴǸһϽ͵ºͻȻ֡
һĻսİݺϰؿݶʱһüͷĸôȻôƣ
ҲסˣһѡĴλվλεĳַ˹ȥ
ķûﺬ˵һ䣬һַ߳ȥһʹԼ۾
ֿ˿ַվϲɫǵַ绳еֱһģԼʱʶı١⡢ŲһĹɣ˲ûһ޶ôˣ


һһʮ ҽ
ò˵ַͰݶӵдսʿʵϰǾż˵ٶȾҲҪϻ˵ĵϿ࣬һĹ֮ǰ͸ϻ˱С
ֻǣ˭û뵽ԭĵ˾Ȼùһƣ
ûге⣬ַ˲٣ŵһҲŻ˶ֿ˵ĻֿƣһﲻȾƻҪһȾ֮˵ΪֱӾͱζ
ֿҡҡλεӣԴɻı飬ַô᲻֪еġ޶ôˡǸʲô˼
ԥǷҪֽѵֿ˵ʱ򣬰ȴǺֱӾһ˹ȥ
Ӵ
ֿ˱ĲУҲͲȣȻûüȴ˼һֱˤ˵ϡ
һˤҪʹһȻֱӾ˯ˡֱûʹİݲ󷭰ۡ
Ǹûע⵽ֿˣһƴ۾һַ磬ǸɫǼ˹һ
ַ翴˶ƤɵЦûҵȷûǶİɣȽϸӣǾ֮ٸǽͰɡ
˵ţæһ䣺ϰ壬׼ˣ
⡢ԭһϰ仰æӦһһҵԼؿڣϽʰϵơƱæȥˡ
СȻΪ֣رϾޣܶ˸޷С򣬶ϵùݴҲֻﵱ˿ģùݵϰӾСô˵飬ܵһήٵԼͷϣԣԼ֣һ
ַ罫ϰķӦвֵ֣СԸҲ￪ùݣ
صͷֻԺһʹһ̣עѾĻ˹ȥ
㡢û¶˼ı飬ǰһյַߣַմҵô°ɣ
㡢˭ѽ౾ǺĴ⻷ͺˣĹҲ֪ʲô˼ȻǱٶŵˣϽ§ַĲӣ֮Ҳ˾֡
ǡ˿Ҳע⵽ַ绳е࣬æһ䣬֮˵ĴҲ׶·˵仰ãȻ³һ䣺С㣿
Ƕȳʲôˡַ类仰ˣСԴʾοֿ˿ãȻ޴ı飬һƨ˵ҵȷû˵̫ӣһеСŮ࣬Ѫߵˡ
ˣξȵ֮дɣдţҲˣȻɴߣԭصӣҲϵıˡ
˺ȵҲܿǱַ籧ڻڻжѪѵͯ񱲻ɣ
һʱ䣬˱ͲѵԴٴθһʡ
ַۼˣֻõˣ°ɣȴĸ˵һ顣
࿴ԼɵðһۣҲ֪˶ѾˣҲüƽ顣
ܿ죬ȫַ֮򵥵˵һº飬˵̲סһ䣺ϰ壬ô˻
㰡ǶҪˣȻҲ̲סмַ绰µͬʱҲæߴһ䡣
ŶŶӦһԲִ٣Ǵˣ
ַڶûж˵ʲôְĿת˵ϣ˻һɵӣЦôѵû
û˵ɻƺϸַ緽˵ݡ
ˣ˵ɣһǼطϢɡַ翴˵ӣɵ̾һеԱߵλϣ˵ԣ㼸ȥ˯
ǣ˵仰عͷȴ˾Ȼ˯ˣһʱ䣬ַ粻ɵЩЦá
Ҳ⣬˼ԼȫԼ˵һľȻͷһʱתԭеĽҲڴ˿иϾƾͷͻȻ˯ˡ
ؽҿǻǰĸͻطɡַֻŤͷϰ˵һ䡣
ϰػ⣬̾Ϣһһַͬվһһ˷ֱڼϣڰݺĿ֮½ͻ˷䡣
˻ʱ򣬷ѾһӣݺѾסջ
żַϰҲƲסʳϽⳡսûĹһӵķ˾ͱ˽
ֻԱ˷ݺϰزɵϮַڽɽ嶥һϰغȫһ·ʱԱ˾ҲƲס˯⣬æһкͻ𼱻ԼϢȥˡ
ϰȻҲȰݺò˶٣ͽ氲֮󣬻صķ䡣
ַȻûнڤ룬ȴҪǿ̫࣬˶طϢ͵ԱԱ֮󣬾ͽ౧ҲԼķȥ
ڱСڴԱÿùݵⶼܺãԣַ֮һֱû˷ʱٴλȻǻԼķˡ
ǣַձ೯ȥʱ򣬾һùϰλˣĲ֪ѽλҲѲеķ䣬λҲСϲһùݣΪʲôλ˾׼أ
ЩɬлԴʣ󣬾һƣ𣺡ˣΪˣȥطҰɡ
߰ɣֻʱ䲻ˣҪҲĻɴȥԭιħˡһȥ΢
ַ㿴׵˳
⺮ı˶һ£ԶԶȥһ󡣶ȻҲ£滹һףΪĿ
ƺرżҴ֮߳󣬾;ֱſȥ
ʱͰַע˹ȥڽǶ⣬ֻܿ˳ȥıӰͿǵò
ֻǣױһȼյľͼڻַ
б־ԵͼڣҲ˵ݡ
ҽôҲСˣ
ַвɻͷһͱԺ˵ľݺϰҪǿϲ٣һĸ·оЩƣ
£㲻ԥ೯Լķȥ
صԼķ䣬లַʱоľƣ䣬ҪܣԼһͷֱԵ˴ϣҲȥڤ룬ֱӳ˯˹ȥ


һһʮ ̻ط
ڶһ磬̫¶ͷʱַ˯ѹΥ˯񼫺ãʶɨһ·䣬Ϳ಻֪ʲôʱ˯һϣֱСԴְѣǻһ˿͸Һ塣
ַ粻ɵøоЦæ´ȥǵĿˮСı˴ϡ
һС椺˯ģַɫһƨ˯ŵǸϣڤ״̬
һҹ˯ߣĵĶҲ˲٣뱥ͻһĳ̶ȣԭַ绹һµѹ罣뵽໹ԼķɱһĻǲҪС椿ĺá
ǣַȰѶָ
ȵڵĶѾַͣ۾ȴ˯𣬲͸⣬֪Ѿȥ˲ʱ䡣
˼Ƭַ̣Լ봫ͳڤ뷽ʽ鿴Լľ
յСʱַľѾʵķԾҪǣڽɽ嶥֮ھʥžģȻѪҲʥܣʱڻʱأֵָܳо
ʱʱ䣬ַȫͶ뵽״̬ȥϸĿռ䡣
һ˼ţַҲԼڱѧԺд̨ʱһУֻǣڻԷһиռûʲôϵΪʲôϰҲ˵ʥأ
ѵʥҲǷΪüֵô
Ѫ˵ռֻʥĻô֮ϵʲôأԼʹһûʲôȻϵ
ţַϸþ֪ΧĿռ䣬һ֪ͷĲͬ
ȣַоռ䲢ǾֹģҲǶ̬ģһ˵ɶ
һ״δӣԶ֪һʲô
ǣɶҲһ㣬Ȼ֮ǰδҲͶӵϤˡ
ڣַһָо
оռɶԼѾϤʱ򣬱ͼþ׽ռɶǣһ֮ȴַɶĹ켣ֱˣ
ԭһѾĲӣܸ߳ˣһ׽֮ȫˡ
֮£ַСļ֪ţڼҲʹþȥ׽ͼɶ仯Ĺɣ֪˺ܳʱ䣬ȴҲûоһǣڿռ⣬ַоԼѾڼԭʱǿ˲١
ַ̬۾ٴһơ
ʱһƱַǰ΢΢ģΧĿռ䡣
ַȴԼڽɽϵʱһһ㶼ûб䣬Ѫһ¸ǲ̫Զ
ѵԼһһôûô
Ѫ˵ԼĻֻռ𵴣ô˵Ļ㲻ܼǿڿռգԼʩչռ䲨ӦþνĿռ˰ɣ
ǣռʲôأôֹģ
뵽ַһֻϷֳһԼĿƷΧ֮ڣ֮ռ𵴽ϣ˲䣬ַ͸оһ΢ĸо
ԼĶһ㣬Ȼʵ廹ڣǻһԭ۽һĶǱֳɣӶ䡣
ѿռ𵴱ˮĻôһɶһһɳӣȻöɳţһˮžɢ
Ȼûռıʣһ㣬ַ˷ܲ٣Լռ𵴣ȷֵһֹٹֻʵսв֪ˡ
ַ绹òͬٶȿƶԼռ𵴣ǵʱ⣬Ǵͷ
̧ͷ˿⣬ַվҲʱڴϵȻҲӴǸո˯һʹԼ˫ۡ
һ̣ɨһܣ΢΢¶ãƺǲ֪Լʲôʱ˴ϡ
ַ翴ɰģ¶һ˿΢Цߣ࣬Ҵȥ緹òã
໹ûлشȴͻȻ
ˡ
ţϰصʹ˽Сһѣ͵ˣ
ַæתͷӦһϰַû졣
ȻعͷַͿָָԼĶӣڵʲôʱԷѽҶˡ
ţھȥ˵ţַ౧򵥵İϴˢһ£͸Ͻ߳˷䡣

ʱѾۼһȶԵʣһҹϢ˶ӡֻͣڡַ֪绹šȴַ˵ľȫˡ
֮£ַֻһ߳ŷһ߶ϸ˵֮顣
˵ַǸ汾ֿ˴ʱȻţַһ˵Ľ˹ɱʱ̾һ䣺û뵽Ȼһˡ
ʵô룬ַж̲סЩ£ƽʱһֵ۴»˵ĽǶϣһʵͽͨˣƾòϿȥϤһֵܵ˿϶˶ӵ߼սʿʵ
Ҳ˵ǰȺﶼҲˣȻôĺ
һʱ䣬ϰزҲЩп
ֻǣ˵˵˵Ե⼸ĹǶʮ˵ĳ鵽ھֻʣ߸ˣ˲۹ȴ˼ԭ֮Уһҽ֮ǰ˭뵽
˵˵֮ɡͻȻⱯ˵ķΧȥƽֻǣƽ֮ҲԭȶһݹģҸλаʦ뿪֮󣬻֪С㶼ʲôأ
һڣһԵֿҲʱ˾񣺡԰˵˵ɣߵСﵽ˭
˵ţֿ˱Ӳʹŵһֻǣ໹о浽׵׸ôַһʳŽû
ַʶĿһۣͿСݣ˫ŵ޷ʳԼûʳξǺò׽ʳ͵ߣȴֱִӲϵ
ַ粻оЩЦæĲӰʳͽͬʱҲ˵֮顣
ֻǣмѹѪ˽˵ֻ˵˷Լݵԭ򣬶ң΢ã飬Ҳûȵ飬ֱһ䡰Ѫڴ½ֻ㹻ͷ˼ԭ˹
ңҲûἰѪָԼʥ֮յ飬⵹ַ˽ֻǣ⼸ĿǰˮƽǲҪ֪̫Ϊã򣬲㲻ռ䷨򵽵Ǹʲô;
ô˵СŮѪߵˣ̾һû뵽ѪҲһ˰
ַ̾˿Ѵ߸յһţŰҲû뵽ҲһõѪ˵
ôܻͺáһֱŵͻȻһ䣬ϵĿַ硣
ַͣĶ̧ͷϵӣַһůͬʱҲظһ΢Ц

극˻طʰһԼĶӵס޷ѺͲѱ뿪Сùݡ
ڼ䣬˵ķһֱţùݵϰȻСһ㣬ܻ⣬ַ縶ʱ˵ԭ˶ǿˣ֪ʲôʱԼͽħˣȻܻҾһЩǮزģôǮأȻǼСùݣҲߣǲǮġ
˭˵⺮ıԭûů

ٴ̤Ϸصĵ·вЩ꣬ԭʱȻݣȴһҲġ
ϰȻͷǰ棬ַ򻳱˶棬ǰֻҪٲһҵʱ䣬뿪ʪı棬һЩƥ·ˡ
ţַǰĵͻȻͣӣתַ磬ͻȻ˵һ䣺ûá
˵ţӻͳһַϣ㣬òҰˡ
ַ罫ŵǰһʱԼ֮ǰϵŵͼвɵһůЦлл㡣
˵лӦҡ̾һַ粢ߣһɱַ粱ӵǶ۾Լһ£ͦϲСӵġ
ǰַûз㣬һ߼һСԴЩãȻĿǰϰز̸֪ʲôİݣ·̾Ϣһ㣺ֻǲ֪ʲôʱҲŻԼĺӡ
ܿͻˡϰοַһ䣬ͬʱҲ˳ַ˹ȥڰͣƬ̣ſַߵǲġ
˵䣬ַļȻ߼׷ǰĶ顣
һ䣬ַʶֹסΣǰǸԶĸݱӰ֮һ˿⡣
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˵һȴϲСŮÿĵʱģַ˾顣
ҲΪһµտʼַӼԭʱǿ˺ܶ࣬ôճַϣȻǲ࣬˵ദȴǼΪǢʱܵ˵ķﴮɧһ£ʱܵ˵ķȥһЩܹŹֵ⡣
磬ΪʲôԸĸΪʲôϲݵȵȡ
ң֮ʱܵԱߣһԴһ߶˵һЩϡŹֵĻһ㣬ϵëȥĿֱЦɰݣֱøĳ棬ҲϲɿɰСŮ
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һµʱ䣬ĵַˣŲѹ̼뾫Ѿﵽ˰˼н׵ĲΡ
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ԭַоͺ罣ѹʲô̶ȣм䵽׻᲻ᷢ죬ͻƵ˼н׵ˮ׼Ҳĺġ
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żսʿֵһ˲䣬ַͻȻһû뵽ﻹһˣֻǲ֪ӵжټʵһһżǿߣԼһ˸ûʲô취ˡ
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ֻǣַûʱ俼Щˡ
ȻĿǰѾ˰˼н׵ʵżսʿԻ٣һĹȻѾٶߵ˶㣬żսʿľ뻹һһıԶ
鼱֮£ַֻܳǰϰص˴һ
ǣʱһԵĳĸһӰӰϢ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱվˮϡ
ȫڸ߸ߵ«έУôվˮϡ
ֻôؼʱ˭ûע⵽ˮ϶ôһˡ
Χϰ˵ĸսʿʱѾʣһƬ֮Ѿֿ˵Ĵұ˶ӡ
ʱϰزϵ˿ȫսʿӳȭ̵Ķ˲ͱֱӾͽսʿƷɣֿ˺Ͱݿ׼ʱͬʱһսʿΧȥֿ˵Ĵ󴸶ʱսʿԴϣݼҲͬʱֱ¸ĺ
˷ɿʱֳʣµսʿȥϰֱżսʿǰ·ϣ˫ȭŶȻϽӽǰľżսʿȥ
ϰżǿߵĹżսʿȻСӣֹֻܱסǰӣ㿪һһʵڶ㲻ȥֻȫؽз
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ҲֻǶ̶һĹַѾ׷ĵ罣ľͳżǿ߿˹ȥͬʱϰҲѾ
˫лżǿ˲ٵ
ֻǣȴţæ㿪ַĵ罣ǣһϰصĹ϶Ͷ㲻ȥˣ
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ԭڸ˼սʿֿ˺ͰݣͻȻĳϰسȥеĴ󴸺ذ׺ľͳϰкȥ
ôһĻʱϰʶĴסˣѾǰĹֻܲܡ
ֱַסˣôҲ벻ݺֿ˾ȻԸϰأǳֺģӵв֮һ㣡
żǿ֪һ㣬ϲмһͲַ磬ٳԶĵ׷ȥ
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һ仰Ĺϰֶ˺ü˿ڣ紦һ˿ڻð̣ȻѾ߾ȫöѹƣۿ˿ʴ
ȻǰݵĹɵĽ
ݺֿ˾Ƿ˷һκηȫϰؽйʣ˼սʿӵҲȥֿ˺Ͱݣһӽϰسȥ
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ۿҪ֧ŲȥԼ˵У
Һãʱ򣬷Ӧַŵ罣սʿȥѾûȥ׷żսʿˣֻȰǰϰظ
ԥ磬ֱӾͳһսʿȥ
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ˮϵǸ˿һҲ֪Ǿڵ罣ǵ罣䵽Լϡ
Ҳͬһʱ̣ϰڶ˫תƵַϣͿԭΧϰصİݺֿˣȻֱӳַΧ
һǰֿ˺ͰӣַʱһʲôϽ㿪˰ݻһذףͬʱ罣ӿռָȡһħᣬʹһŰ˼ħᣬʣµֱӸϰأ󺰵ȥ׷
ַֻ˵֣ϰԻ⣬˵ץħͳżսʿ׷ȥ
ȻˣٶȴΣͷ֮·Ҫƽʱһ˿˵żսʿܳһξ룬ξֻǣ֪żսʿ׷ϵ֮ǰܲܳɹĸϡ
żսʿȻҲ˱ϰأҧٶᵽ㣬ٳǰĵϳȥ
ϰۼˣæʹһŷħᣬһֱӽĹħ϶һڵһֱ˳ȥ
֮԰϶ӳȥĿľЩħ𵽼ٵЧϾħ᱾ƮƮĶҪֻäĿӹȥĻ¸ҲǰĶԷϡ
˵ٶȱ࣬мľҲһ̶ֵϰһħӳȥʱǰһ̣ЩħᶸȻը
Щħᵽжϰز¾ַԼҲǺһ屬ըʱԭ˾޴ˡ
ǿİ˼ϵħһһ΢ͺ˵һ㶸ȻԭһС͵Ģƣ
ǰϰضʱ㱻ֹסӣæЩȵˣǸоԾĻԪҪĶ֮УֻҺϰؾԶûܵʲô˺
Ģưеżǿߣ¾ûϰôˡ
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ȻԪط׷ɢȥ֮ʱżǿѾһսֱըķѵʬ壬Ҳ벻ԷȻôİ˼ħᣬ벻Էĸ߼ħһҲں
ϰؿżսʿսʬ壬ûԭͣΪѾǰǸħǽҪʧЧԤףֻҪϵħʧЧô˿϶һ˲ô˵Χ֮¡
ϾȻżսʿսʿ˿ֻ̾ʣһкܶͨĺˣ֮Ҳ߼֣
Ҳû룬ϰؾһ·ٿٳȥȺɱһѪ·ûͳ˵ϵߡ
ϰصĳ֣Ͼǰȫˣǣַȴܲã
԰ݺֿ˵ĹַȻûһսʿɧţֱӾ˾أ
Ҫ۹ַȾżսʿÿεȫ٣Ҫ˵¾ͲˣҪŰ˼ħ֧ţϿռ𵴲˹ĻַѾ˵¡
ǣ۲һСĹַҲڰݺֿ˵Ķͷϣһ˿޵аϢ
Ϣͬںڰħɭǳͷβавฺܶ
ַʱ뵽ʲôһ߼˵Ĺһ߶վˮϵ˴ѯʵѵǴʦ


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ʦϵһرֵġְҵ൱ϡ٣йʦļز࣬Ҳ٣ΪʦΪа񣬲ͬ鷨ʦĿֲ鷨ʦֻܽԷɱŻѶԷʬΪԼʦȴֱӿˣ
ң˵ʱڶԷ֪£
Ҳ˵㲻֪ʲôʱͻᱻĳʦסĿܣ
룬޷ʱѾ񻶣ʱͻȻһǽһôֲ飡
ԣ½ϱһĵĹ涨ǼʦɱۣͲҪɣ
ҲñͲʦԽԽ٣ڴ½ˣ
ʦٶȼΪȡ˵ľǣͨ˵ľж٣ԣһʦҪĻͱȥħʦֻħʦľǡ
ǣˣʦҪֶζ뾫йأħʦľҪȳǿ౶һʦҪһħʦľҵԼȼ͵ĲУһԼǿħʦƲ˶Է
Ͼħʦľǿ󣬸֪͹ѾǿΨһȱݾٶȣ
磬һʦȿһ弶ħʦΪԼĿܣȻֱ侫ǣҪһͬħʦǿΪԼܵļʾͻһ룬һ߼ħʦǸ޷ƶԷΪԼĿܣ
һƲ˶ԷΪԼĿܣôȴʦ³ǳҡ
Ҳ˵ϢıΪԼĿܣһģǾǾǿȣ
ʦսʿĿǣôħʦʦĿǡ
ʦ˿ƶԷΪԼĿ֮⣬ȻһֶֹΣǾǸԷ¸ָ䣬Ҫһ࣡
ȣڶԷʶ״̬²ܽУҲ˵ڶԷԻ˯ŲſԣҲһƽڣҲǱڣڼڣֻҪԸ棬ƽ⡣
ͬӦǱڲͬЩڻôĿʱŻὫΣֳ簲ǹаˡ
Ǹ֮³ɹΪݵĸʱ̫СûֳʶʦҪĻ¸ûô׳ɹ
ԣʦҪֶλǾԼĹҪħʦͱ˼ߣħʦ֮٣󲿷ֶսʿսʿľͨǿ˶٣ԣȻʦְҵ˺򣬵˰н
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ֻǣַû뵽ԼȻҲôˡʦ
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Ҳͬʱɰ˼Ѿǰ˼׵Ĵʦļˣ
ʦַҲûиľشӿٵĿŰݺֿһ𹥻ַ硣
żսʿѾȴż˶ԷսʿѾ˱ʤİա
ϾŶԷȥԼͬ飬СӽԼƵɱһԼȫȥ
ͨսʿͬʦһجΣ
ֻǣʦȻַ֪籾ĿǣǿóܶħᣬҲܾʹħʦϾħᲢҪǿľܣֻҪһ˾ͷţַһֱ˽ϵİɫҲ
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ֻҪַȥȫԽַأ
ȻʦСַ̣ͬҲС̣Ȼ˴ʦݣַѾˣҪԼ鿪лʵʩһж
ԣûʦػַͽеľȫ˶ϣȻĿǰҲֻа˼н׵ĶϿռݡֿ˻սʿĹһʱҲܲʲôʵԵ˺
żһιҲܱϵħֻ⣬ַһţһѰŻᡣ
һԣȻǵأΪϰصļ룬խĵΣһ湥ҲޣΪ㣬м䲻ϳˣ˵ϰѾˣԸЩûдﵽ˼սʿĺˣȴеô
ֻǣһֱͣѪҲǰ취һѪһҲ
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Ҳַ繥һ£ݺֿ˵Ҳϣ˼ħֻǵ˵ĹǺӣѾ˱ıԵ
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ַʱ佫սʿɱʱо˲٣漴ջص罣ٴδӿռָȡһŷħʹͬʱҲһŰ˼ħᣬ׼ʱʦͶ
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һһսʿлħֺͿռ𵴵ַܰݺֿ˵ĹѾɲ٣һ߼ܣһе˼ʦǵʲôˣΪʲôɱϣֻҪңҾͷ㰲ȫ뿪
һȺ˵ĿѾˣҪϵϹΪʴд̵ϵݱȻͣңɳô֣ȻһȨĴ壬ǣ֪Ͼһλʵָۣʵ۹ȥ
ѵȡ֮ôֱӾ˵췴ǣϱϾûмλ췴ҲӦȥ췴λʵۣ뵤ʲô
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ǣʦַ仰ĵȴΪмͲΪԷռƣϾŰݺֿˣ˵ȨԼ
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ַҲûָʦһ¾˵ʵ飬Ҳֻ̽һ°ˣʦķӦ֮Уַ̾Ϣһ㲻ԥֱӽİ˼ħᳯͶ˳ȥ
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ʦַ֪һ֣ԼɹħᣬЦһֱǱ˺ף
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ͺͺĳǸ۵Ӱַæٴܿݵһ´̣ԥľͳˮϳȥ
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ַѾ˲ЩˮϿٳʦȥҲѾȻС
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һַֻ̣ԺͻȻһʹЩͿƲסԼӣ
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ҲΪԺһʹַһ٣ٶֿѾ嵽ߣһͷ£
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˵͵ַ̤ϺԼģ
ǣַһ¶ûУԺжʱֻʣһ뷨ʧڴ㡢ȻҲǴħʦ
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һΣֵַϳı飬˵֮䣬Ѿ嵽˴ʦԣеĵ罣ԥľͳʦͷ£


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ȰͬˡַƲһһվˮϵˣԴʦʦˮ׼ҲܲףֻҪ˵ʵ飬Ҿͷһ·
ááַ仰ʦжʱһæˮ棬ֳ̧ݺֿ˻˻֡
ַ˳ۿȥͿ˶ͷǵаϢѾʧ͵Ҳָתͷȥȵ˵˭ɱϣΪʲô
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߼ħʦǺǣӻðַҡͷЦһ
ʦЦʱż߼ħʦǶӶ͢ʦҲг£ԣΪʲôҪɱʴĲ֪
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£ٴγַУȴʦӦ̧־ȥ
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֮ɱʦַòɱϾȻʦ˵гΪӰ£ҲֻǳԼĿڣһʵǶӵԼߺȥϢ߶ӣôδɱӳʲôĿģȻ
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ʦ֮¸ɲԼһͬԼ£ݺֿ˿һӶİ
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ַ翴ֿ˵ҲͬɻɫϽ˵ЩսʿȻˣвĺˣؽˣֻ֧Ų˶á
ʱַ绳еƺڴӾлָ̧СԴַһֿۣ˰ݺֿһۣСȻһЩ֣ȴãȻ
ַһѣݺֿ˲ȻعæȻӦһæǿߣ
˵ţֿ˼ҴҵĳϳȥżɫƺǼΪԼʦƺѹɱˣýһЩеΡ
ַ˻Ķһ߸󳯰ϳȥһߵͷԣһſһȻҾͽ㡣
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ݿϰػѪģʱһۣ˵ʲô͸Ͻ嵽˵ȺС
ذÿһ£һ˵ز
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ܣ֪˭ȺкһͿеĺȫ׷Ŀ꣬תȥ
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ʱ򣬱ַӳȥħʱ㱬ը
⼸ħᶼǷΧԵĹħըȺ֮еʱһˡ˼ħսʿȥӣ˵Щûдﵽսʿĺˡ
һը𣬻вҽҲ˷ĺǻûüֱǿĻϵħ֮С
ֻʵ̫ˣħЧַ㲻ٳɣӿռָȡħᣬٵĲͶȥ
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һϵ߼ħը򳦹ŵ϶ʱһƬ𺣣
ǣһַħܹҲʮţһ붼ǹħᣬҲϾޣʱӸϰؼţΪյе«έһţʣµѾˡ
ȻеĹħȫ˳ȥҲûнȫɱϾҲе幥Ļϵ߼ħ
ҺʣµЩ˵ҲˣĿԼҲֻʮˣϻȼŻ棬һЩѾһ߽ʬֱӱըķѡ
ʮ˶ַ˵ҲûʲôѶȡ
̼䣬˱㳯ʮ˿ٳȥϰؿͼһ䣺ڣ
ǣǼۼԼܲʱͬʱһ鴤ַ˳嵽ߣЩ˱һ˵ϡ


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ȵַΧǰȥʱ򣬾ͿʮǶɫѪҺȻѾû˺
ϰһ̾ûж˵ʲôֻɫϵʧȴԱ
ַ֪ϰеĵģæ˵һ䣺ЩֻСҲʲʲôмֵĶѾӴʦĿʳĻʹ˭ˡ
ʳˣϰطŻ̾Ϣ϶ʱϲɫɽţüͷʦѹְСֿ˻ͻȻҡ
ǰǸʦѾɱˡַ̾һؽȻָһϵưɣȥѵǼ˵Ļʹ
ϰص˵ͷæ͵߶ӿϵ˿ϣ̫أٲѪȥĻ»Σա
ַת׼ȥѵ˽лʱȴѾԼ߿
תһ룬ַҲ˹ղŵıըô󣬵Ҫûע⵽Ҳ̫˵ȥˡ
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˵һεĴɱͻȻ˭ûϵģ˺ò׸մӼԭӰаѳһ£ÿ˵ɫҲ̫ÿ
һΣ֮ôֵ»Ҫľַ索ħ᲻٣˵ǰ˼ħỹǰ˼ħᣬⳡս˹ؼãЩħĻڶԷˡ
һԭ򣬾Ҫַĵ罣ˣǿи˼սʿɱҪżսʿٶ̫Ļ¾ɱҲܵˡ
ֻǣЩҶף˭û˵ʾ֮£˶ɵýĿַϣȴڽ
ַ翴˵Ŀ⣬һû˵ĻʹǰĿŵ˵ϵϣѯʵεĿԾǵ£ԵԼΪʲôϮأ
ʱַûټƺΪ㡱ֱһ˵ݡ
ԭҲֻֿ˲֪ϵݣַһ˵Ծһ¡
Ͽ˵ģ̾˿Ҳ֪ʱٽԼȥҲ̫˵ȥˣͰժǸôá
ֿԶЩ㵣ƺûлع
Ϊصϰ֮⣬Ҫϵˣϵ˻Ƚ١
ֻ¸ûˣַͶȰĿ⣬İ˰֣ʾްֿһֿ˺ɫ˻ڷ㶣Ŀַϣʵ˵Ҳ֪
ǵƽ˭ϵȽϲأַæּһ䡣
ҡҡͷ̾ϢλϣûйϵȽϲģҲûйϵܺõģ룬һӦ׵ġ
ַô˵˵ͷҲ׵Ͼһε۹ʵۣ֮⣬ͲɵȥҲ˸̫ܣϾλһԽĺ蹵
ô˵ַ֪ҲųˣǱͻһ仰ʵǵ¾á˭뿴λأ
һ仰ַ˺ܾò˵˳Ͼһ仰ֻ̫ǣַðѶڵϵҪֱ˵ĻͲףԼֻһƽûκελóȻ˵ӾĻ׿»𵤵ϵķС
Ͼһƽȥ˵һĻĸվĸǶȣܻЩеġ
ңҲȫŴʦĻʦĻʹŵĻ˵׼ǹݺӵġ
ԣ۳һ棬ַ綼ֱ˵ۡ
ַĻ˳Ĭ֮УȻϸ˼š
˼ַҲһֱעҪϿһЩߣ˼Լ׸ô˵
Լ֮ǰ֪ϵҲͰˣǣ֪˵ϵݣ飬˵͵ýٽˡ
˼ã̧ͷˣ˫һ̽Ե˵һ䣺ȥֻ뵽һˣ룬ҲֻжܿϣҼλˡ
˵󣬵ϵ֮һ̾Ϣ
ַһûھͰѶĻʹĻ͸¶ʵŶΪʲôôأ
˵ˡ
ƺ̾һ˵˵һ°ɡʾӣΪӣ길ʾͽΪ˻ʴʱʲôǣһҲҰģڸΪʴһֱڻ
Ȼֵܣȴûһ飬״ҵȻһɫֻǣڻλҲ̫ÿθɫ֮Ҳö֮ĹϵӶӡ
ֻǣǸо˸ʲĻʴЩѾҡԸҵǻġֻҵǻ֮ͻ̽
˵ϻһת΢΢ҡҡͷֻǣܡȥԭ֮ǰѧԺһΪӦûΪѧԺŶԡңðɱңҪǳɹ˻ãʧܣҿ϶Ź
ƺǿַֹѻ˵ϣڸģַҲ˵ϵ˼ɵ΢죬˵ʵ飺
ǣ¡ҴǸʦľǶӣҾ˵߼ħʦΪʦֵġ룬϶Ϊ˽ܵܵĵϸ
ʦҲ֪ߵȷ߼͢ħʦֻħʦصĺܺãӦþ׼ԺҶֵģȻ֪ûнҴ룬Ӧò֪߻ħʦʦ˵ħʦ֤Ļš
һ߳˼һ΢΢ҡͷĻͨʲô;֪ǸڱѧԺֻҵѾȥ˼ԭԲڴأ
ַһʱ˵Ҽǵõ˵ڱСʱƸһӶŵų
ԣҲ¸ˣͻȻַ磬鼫Ϊ࣬һ£̾˿Ƕ˹Ϊ˵ңҲܲŰø˶ܣѰӻɡ
˵ϵıȴֱһ䣬Ȼͨ˹֪ڱڸʵƤ£ҲĿŵĵôΧɱң̫ˣأҶ֪ﵽжٵϸô᲻֪أ
յô˵ֿͻȻһ䣬ЩȻѲɡ
˵ûм˵ȥڳȴе˼ÿ˵ı鶼Щ̫Ȼոմ߶˿ڵϰضһŹ֡
᲻ָֿ֪ʲôɫ粻ԶƬ̣ʽʹˣҲһֱá
£ͻȻ̾һ߰ɣǾ췵ص۶ǶܵĻ˴ɱʧҲܾãϻص۶һռһ֪¶֮ǰȥ
˵󣬵ϵ֮Ѿݡ
˵ϻе⣬˶а̾һ
ҲʱͻȻһţһƳԶԶ
Ҫˡϰ̾˿ԸˮܽϵЩѪԼʬˢɾɣ


ڰ ӿ
һ£ܿͽصʬѪ嵭࣬˳֮УҲȥַϵѪۣӳȥսµĺۼ
Ϊƥȫַ˾ֻܲи·ٶ˸һСϣȻҵϵĹãʦƺϵƣ˼ҹ̤ȥ۶ĵ·
;ַڱСϿʼҽ飬˵ϣ֮ĬòŸַ磬뿪ѧԺ֮ǰȻ˺ܶˣûʵ۱ˡϾʵۿҲˣֱӸ˻ʵۣҲΪʵһ̹ϡӡ
ʼҽֱʵ۱Թƣ⣬ǲ뿪۶ġ
ǣڱСϾȻ˻ʼҽҲͲ˵ǻʵ۱˷ʲô飬ŻɳʼҽǰȥԭѰԼ
ֻǣɺϣʼҽûѰҵԼöӷԼټ
ҲãûлʼҽͬҲڰУأǶ֪˴ɱʧܵ飬ҪѰҵϵټҲס
Ϊ˶Ŀһаֱӹªңÿ˶һ״ֲ·Ͽȥ˭Ҳע⵽ʲô
Ϊ˸ӱϰΪÿ˶һߣȻϵĲϲȫϰصαװռΪֻ߳Ҫϸϸ۲죬Ҳܷ϶ߣϰط·ǸûκεǣҲԼߡ
ڿ籩֮У̤ȥ۶ĵ·

һ֮ã޹⣬ػ谵ֱͷһʯͷѹһ㣬
Ҳڵİ̫Ҫɽ֮ʱҹƴ·ַһˣҲڵ˵۶
ֻǣ۶֮ǰȴسǵʿ
Ϊܸҹ·г֮⣬˰ҹ䵱򣬶ʱ䵱ϰغַ硣
оͣ£жʱѯô£ַϰضһۣĵظԼѾ
һ£˵в
ַϰؿ߽ʿѾ˷׼
Һãʿֻ֮ƿǰ鿴һ³Уûʲô֮󣬱ֱС
жһһ۶ֽŵķΧɵĵ׳
һ岽һѾݴʱĵ۶ˣֻ۶ÿһֵ϶رͣƽǸĳ档
ոս۶ַһ˶˲Ծĵط˵סڵ۶еľˡ
Ȼ⵽Ϊʲô˭óµ۹Ѿˣ
̽ͷãˣЩȻرװȴǶֵµˡ
ϵвٴγ
ôܵġ顱˲ûиͽѧԺڵ۶̻ḽ֮ͣ˱㽫̻УȻһҾƹھƹ֮а˷ֱλϣҪһơƣװǾƹݵʳ͡
֮ƹݣΪ˶ӣûƹݵˣ󲿷ֶһЩ־ûʿûжֻһ似㲻Ϊսʿ
ЩԴŵʲôͻ˵ʲô˼ɡԣ˱ѡôһطһǷܵõмֵϢһ߿ǽ뱣ѧԺİ취
Ͼ۶ϵ˶ӵˣѧԺضΪӼӵص㣬һʽѧԺ֮˸࣬óȻĻȻݾߡ
Ѿȫ˵۶һʱҲûʲô
ˣҵѣʱ䣬ЩԻµرһѣһǱԹ
ꡪţһΪСĵ𣺡˵ʲô˭ó۶ƶСĸǽжѵûע⵽еĴүǶմţճɹĹܼ˵Сô
ߡǰ˲һҲĬ仰տڲԣתƻҵѣ˵Ķǰֱμ˱ѧԺĿˣô
ˣСһ㶼˶ûͨѧԺĿˣѾҴȶڼأ˵鲻ɵó̾һ
ǰοΪˣѧԺձ׼ֱ̫ˣͨ˵ǲŲأһѧԺպϰɣȱҵ֮Ҫλүˣɾͷˡ
ֱϵ˲ɵöһ໥˸һۣûж˵ʲôʱһܴݱ˴Ҫ˼
µļԭ;Ҳ˴ʱѾǱѧԺһһѧԱӣʱ䣬쿪ʼЩ곤ٵѧԱҲ½ķѧԺʱԼֻҪװڷѧԺĴ֮У϶ƤߣҲõĻᱻӵ߷
ʶ⣬˽֮󣬱㲻ͣ뿪ҾƹݣͶ޵һù֮С
뿪֮ǰַע⵽˵һ˿ԥĬĬļûе˵

˿̣ɫѺڣҲѾ˽ʱ䣬۶ĵ·ѾûˣѲߵرû˶٣
۶ĳùݵĳ֮УϽߴرתص˷֮УΧһȦ̾˿˵뿪µĹѾ˴£ǰظѾأֲڵ۶˳ʱӹȨ͵Ͷˡ
£ѵûоЩ𣿡
ϰüͷϸ˼Ƭ̣˵˵ȨĻأӦûʲô֮ǣ㰭ڱµҲӦȳƵۣȰȨŶԡǣ۶ǻûһ𣿡
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΢΢ҡҡͷһ£˵ȨҲֻʱģϾֻǻӣûлʴݸ޷˳ǻң̫ᣬֵε˲࣬ô󲿷ֹ廹ǶѡңϾҲͳʴ
ҪǻҲҪң˳ĵǻңһʱҲ뾡ģ㹻Ӧʱ򣬲ܳɹǻǣֻҪһûյҵѶ԰ЩҵĹҲûеס
ھƹһĻеĴ嶼մţڹ۲ƣֻҪûǾͲҳ̬ʱ̬Ͷڶ¹ȻȡöΣǣֻҪƽ֣ҲˡԣɷöܳǵĻᣬҲԸðա
£ֻع鵽˳֮Уϰֻһ޲صĻţԸ벻е飬ʱϵĻɵ˳ĬС
֮Ե˵ô໰ͱ˵ĳΡ˶˵ɨһȦĿַͣϣȻ㿪ڵַ磬˵˵뷨ɡ


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Ȼ϶ݣ·ϵʱַҲѾΨһ֪ԼݵֿԼݣϾôֲݴҶܽܣܽܲˡַ硱ء
ֿȻҲ˵ַ֣֪ķַ֮󣬲ûбֳرȵӣƺڵϵĹ⻷֮£ַѾ㲻ʲôˡ
ʱϳƺַıȻҲû˸е⡣
ҵ뷨
ַʶظһ䣬Ȼ̾һ˵ĺܶԣҲôΪڰУûлµ͸¶ǵĲ֮
ңʱ򣬿óȻ͸¶ȥҲݾߣϾ˭ұ֤µǷѾͶ˶ӡ
У˵ѾںܶߴߣˣȥҲ𵽴ݾߵЧԣǱһȫɿֶܰѸٽˡ
˵ַɵЩСģϿ̾Ϣһϲûбֳ˵һ䣺Ҳڵ⣬˵ɣĶεˡ
֪¡ַһ˰һ֮ϰһۣڿڵҸ˾ãĿǰֻԺ˷ˣֻҪԺˣһоͶðˡ
һ˵仰ݺϰضʱһ
޲عôҲϰغͰһۣȻݺͰʦһ᲻𣿡
֪ԺˣµҲԺ߻ᱻӴ߰ɣַھƹʱԥ񣬱˵˳
ûбܻ䣬˵ͷ
ַ翴ŵϣ˵ǣĿǰֻԺεˡ
ϾԺ˱ϾʥǿߣʮһΧҲסΪضҲԺߴߣ룬ĿǰҲֻԺ߲㰲ȫˡ
ֻҪڷԺѧԱĶлӱѧԺߣǾܼԺˣֻҪԺˣʣµ飬Ҳ˵Ҳס
˵ַһ٣С˵ھǰһжֻһЦԺֻҪȫȻѸٽ⡣ԣǵĿĵػǱѧԺ
ַһλǰʱһȻ޲غΣʱҲûбŰݺϰ˵ֹؼʱҲһ˼뷨
ԭıѧԺҲȫ޲ʥʵַôһѣҲͨ㡣
ңĿǰ޲رȻҲվڵһߣƾʵڻûʥǰ£ǧȫȡ֮ûУ˵ûҰģһ޲ؾǿεġ
ڵ֮£޲ҲûͶӣһʾ˳ĬȻڱϿһҡڲӵʥʵͲ˼ǣ֮ѡĬһǵȵϻط
뵽жʱо˲٣Ǳ㿪˵ˣҶȥϢɡ
һ˵⻰ȻҲû˻˵׷վ㳯ȥصԼķ֮Уǣַȴע⵽˵ϵƺЩԥڻصԼķ֮󣬱۷˻ȥߵ˵ϵķţ¡
ĵȻû˯ûκԥͿַ߽С
ַһڣȵϿڣֱ˵£ӦûǶԺ˲İɣ
һֱվڴǰӽֵѲߵرַ˵仰ʱתʲôס㡣
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ϵĿַͣãŵ˵ɣֻ
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ңһңضҲ޴дңӲȡҶ֮뷨ˣԣȻ㷽һֱ޲عȫﻹ̲סɻ󡣡
ôĵĸԼ˵θ֮ԣַвЩж΢΢˿£룬뵽㣬ΪʲôӾ벻أңȻ֪٣ҲҰдǾͱȻԺˣǣԺҲȻȥֶ֧ӡ
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ǵĶﻹаؽݣԺ˲ںؽܲںݵ𣿾Ժ˲֪Ѿ٣Ϊ˱ҲȻһ㣬ڵһʱǰȥӭǣֻǣûг֣ôֻһԭ򡭡
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пַһ𣬵ϵ峺ȷ仰ûһʱ򣬲Ż˵ȥ£۶ôɭϣضѾյ˴ɱʧܵϢˣ۶ȻԷǳֶνɱ
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аʦαװЩ߻ûģʣµģ͵ǻصѧԺ취ϵ޲عǾͿˡ
仰˵УַһŵŻص˶ǱѧԺ밲ˣȻǲԸ޲֮Ȼ˵ЩõϸоԼ̫ʱҲò˵ͺѡ
Ͽַ¶ɵı飬ʱ΢Цļ򣺡ˣѾûκˣҲȥϢɡ
ַ˵ͷٶ˵ת뿪˵ͨ˵һ㣬ҲûбҪȥˡ
ȵַߺ󣬵ȴĿת˴⣬һΣûٸӵ·ϵЩѲߵر죬ߵһ£ôã̾һ䣺
ַ磬ɵѽ˵Щֺγ֪أôװ㿴ϣһֱܰҵѡֻǣﻹܰҿѣ֪ҵݣȷ޷ٰҵ˰ɡǺǣһעѰ


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ڶһ磬ַù͹󣬱̻֮Уȡֱӿ˳⡣
ڵ۶һҰ֮У˽ﲻܣȻһطһ·һΣͬڣϰߣ˲Ų뿪
ڿҪﵽ۶֮ǰֳַַСӣһַ硢ݡ͵ϣһʣµϰءκֿˡ
֮ٴηΪӣΪ˶ĿȻѾ·ߣʱ򣬱ٽ
Ϊַ֮㻳밲ݻеȳſȥ
ʿûж࿴ַ˼ַۣ˺˳ľͽ˳С˲ûԭصȴϰˣôֱӰձѧԺ·ȥ
һ죬ǱѧԺѧӣپ۶ϽѧԱѾ׷׸һʱ䣬ѧԺſڴӿַڿҪﵽѧԺǰָ߿תѧԱеĶѧԺſڻȥ
ΪⳡУʵַﶼһСװż·һЩ˵Ϊݺⳡݣ˵׼ܳ㡣
ţַҲԶԶڶ·ϿϰҲһɫĵ˵ͷ֮󣬱ͻ߽˱ѧԺ
һ߽ѧԺ˵һ
Ϊ˱˶ûзظԵᣬֱѧԺѵС
˿̣ԭȰѵ̨ͳߣҲΪոտѧԵʣѵϲûмˣԵЩտ
ַߵѵм֮󣬱͵ȻСʲôЩȻ˵ע⣬ǣС˺һ󣬽ű㴫˹Ц
һЦոԺѧԱע￴һۡ
ǣַƺʲôЦ飬ЦûֹͣԽԽһЦֿڵϴϵ˫ȭʹ档
˵⸱ģʱ˲ѧԱĿ⣬ʼǼ濴һ۵ѧԱͣסӣϸ˸˵ʲôЦ顣
⼸һͣѵϺ˸˵ע⣬һַͶȥɻĿ⣬㲻ΪʲôЦôġ
ͣӹԽԽ࣬ҲС
ι˵ǶЦʲôأһѧԱԵͬС˵һ䡣
ԵͬɵҡҡͷͬС˵Ҳ֪
ѧԱͬҲ֪һȻ󼷹Ⱥһλ֮ǰѧԱļԣѣ֪֪˸һڸʲôأ
ǰѧԱŤͷһˣζҲ֪Դ¿˰ɡ

ѵϵַ翴ۼѧԱԽԽ࣬һԵֿ˵˵ͷֿ˿⣬ʱӵɷַָ磬ֵҲ֪˵ʲô
ԭڵЦĴַ翴ֿŭԼʱҲӵվѷɫָֿͬ˴
˿˳æӵվһȰܵӡ
ֿ˿ʱɫĸַȥһַ˵ͷȻַͻȻ׵һپͳַǰȥһžͽַߵڵϣţȭǽߣһƦåܵӡ
ʣµһƣǻţϽȥֿ˸˳ַһѾأʱͳֿ˳ȥͬһŽߵڵأȭͷͽҲкȥ
ԶԶ⸱龰ѧԱƣԭЦİô˵ͷˣַһåļȭߣʱЦ
лһѧԱ̲סЦѵûѧ似ôûУ
ЩѧԱǹЦոУŵѧԱҲ˹
һʱ䣬ѵı϶ʱΧѧԱ
һܵϰæ͵͵ѧԱһۣѧԱԽۼԽ࣬Сĵͷ˵ˣ
仰׷΢΢ͷַҲᡰšһͲɫ˿æȥסַ磬մӵֿҲһԡ
ĴѾˮͰ͵ĵַ磬ΪʲôҪѽ
࣬£һ̫ǱȥַһŵģеָŶֿˡ
ƺͶ뵽ϷУˮžžવĵ˵ϣһίվԭЩ֪롣
ַ翴һæӵϱһָֿ˴ߣб۾ȥ
Ҿңһ㲻ɣֿ˸ǿţһɷģȻ˵ѾѪ
ȻĲһѱѪһŰӣѧԺҲֻԺȨߣԺȥ
˵ţֿ˾ѿ˵תԺ鷿ķȥ
ַ翴ĬĬͷʱӦһ䣺㲻ɣ߾ߣ
£࣬Ҳֿ˵Ժ鷿ȥۼˣҲֻżĸ˵ǣһа˱ȻĶԺ鷿ɱ˹ȥ
ԭ˾ǹϷַֿ˵ҲԼĴѧԱǵĶУһַ˳Ժ鷿ȥȺжʱ˿ڴ󺰵ߣȥƣ
˵һ˸ȥҲ̷׷׺һȥһʱ䣬ͨ޲鷿ĵ·ϾͱصȺ
ַ˴һѧԱһߴһԺ鷿ʱ򣬸Ժ鷿ǰλʱɵۣ̲סţѵѧԱǼ屩ôһԵĶˣ
ǣǸľ޲ص鷿ӵȺֻӲͷƤǰȥһɤӴ󺰵ǰԺ˵鷿ʲôվס
һǰֵѧԱʱֹסΣһվںһָָһ˽
ܵϰ𣬶ʱҲϽֹסӣס˻ǰַֿˣ¶η飺ǻ߰ɣԺ˵鷿Ժ˿ʥǿߣҪһǿ¾Ͷˡ
ߣˣߵĵҽȥԺַɲӣ˳㻹ֿ˵·Ƿŭ벻ʡ
ֿȻҲãһѿַһߴǣңǽȥԺ
һƣָϽȰ˵ڡͷϡĻȰ˵һԵ˵һͼǰ
ɤӴ󺰵Щ˶ͣӣоޱȣɿַֿ˻ʶ̧ٵĴ󳳴֣ʱָµʲôϽ뿪
ַһڽҪԺˣ
ԣҪԺֿҲæһ䡣
һֿֿۣ˱ϻûɾıѪжʱ˼֣ɵøоЦЦƾʲôСС־ԺԺÿͲˣ߿ߣ
شַ˵ж¶һ˿ɫַֿ粻ɫĶһۣȻĵ˵ͷһѿ˵ǰȥһţַһţУԺǽͲȥˣ
仰󣬶ʱԶԶ˿䣬æǰȥˣЩΧ۵ѧԱ仰Ⱥжʱ㴫˸ıġ
ַߵǰĬĬĸԷʹȥһ񣬼ԵֱƦһһƨ˵ϣƴһ޲ؾͲߵƤģ
һĻʱʹŭһϽһȥҾͲˣ
£ϱ¶˻ɫͳַˣǣʱ򣬺Χ۵ȺжʱʹһǽȥɣҶ뿴˭ռǲǣ
һ䣬˺ܶ࣬һ˵ĸ
ַ䣬ǵõĳֹһ㣬˿ηϵĻɫᡱһ´ӵվ𣬴ţǽȥ㲻ǽȥǾԼȥˣ
ַֿĻҲæӵվһַ¡
ȻҲѧԱǵ壬ɵЩͷۣһԭڵϵվŵʲ
˵һôֻû˵꣬Ŀ̾鵽ַֿ˷ǰ˫һ˲İɫ
һɫɫͱЩѿôҲ벻ǰµѧԱȻǴսʿ
˴£û˰취һæӲͷƤԺ˲ѧԺǻ߰ɡ
һ仰֮ǰַ࣬˵ĶУʱ˵︡ĸ֣Ȼˡ
ǣֻ֪޲زѧԺﲢᣬһ䣬ַʱǰ󺰵ôܣԺΪѧԺԺ⿪ѧ֮ô᲻ѧԺأ϶ƭҵģ
ƭӣֿ˺ϵĺһ䡣
жʱ󾪣ǰ˵ǸϽûУԺ֮ǰѾٽ˻ʹŻһˣϢһʱҪٴνʹӦڽϲŻ


ʮһ һ
һ䣬ַжʱһϰظʹһɫ˱æӵϣַֿ˵·Ȱ˸Ͻȥ
ȻĿѾﵽֿ˺ַҲͲȥ໥нһɫȰ˵ĻŲ뿪
һ뿪ǰΧֵȺ֮жʱһƬҲû˿취ɨֻ֮һɢ
໥˸һۣӶԷ￴һ˿¡
ǵָػ޲صķ䣬˴ȥˣµȴǵĽҵ³ϾȻӵжսʿľ磬ң˭֪սʿսʿʵ֮Ĳ࣬ǸͲһΡ
˵Ҫǿдȥֻ˸ס
ҺãҺãҺԺ˵ڰһɵøпһ䣬ʱ͵õͬͬ໥ĶԷļȻ߻޲ص鷿ǰǸҵģֱǽٺһ㡣
ͬʱԶİУѲĿҲӷֵԺ鷿ǰתƿһѲһ䲻мҵʲôأôˣҲ̫û˼ˡ
ιҿµǼһ˵ͦ£˵ҪҪϢȥ㱨£һȻΪСֹһ䡣
ǰ˶ʱ㲻мһϹ³ʲô㲻֪Ǹһﶥƣڴ½Ƶ˶ȥˡеСȥ㱨£㲻ӷ»ӷأһ·ŭߺߣ
һ䣬֮һ㣬ʱû

ʱѧԱһɢַҲ·ȺУһСع۲Χһ߼װȥ
ǣΧûʲô֮󣬱ѧԺ۹ȥڲл֮󣬰˱һЩ͵㣬ۼ˽һǰ
˿̣Ϊ󲿷ѧԱŸոУò͵ˣĿǰͲ͵һЩ˴󲿷ֶסѧԺʦҲ٣Եÿյġ
˾ۼһ֮Ĺ۲ΧһȦֲûʲôַ֮̾ϢһСǲµһԺ˵ȷǱ֧ˣֻû뵽Ժǰͱ֧ˡǰӦûû֪ڼԭɣ
ַ仰֮һɵ䡣
Ƕ֧޲أӡ֤˵뷨ǣ˵ǰ޲ؾͱٽ˻ʹǸʱ򣬿˲ŸոմﵽС˵ӷ˵ϵټΪϸ˹ǿӣôм仹һµʱνͣ
Ǹ³ŵʱ佫ӽ˹˹ʱ佫ӽӣмȻҲҪӽһµʱ䣬˵Ƕľٿ죬Ҳڵ˷ص;֪ϵ䡣
Ļ򳦹ŵҲ͵õ˺Ľˡ
޲ǰͱٽ˻ʹǸʱ֪Ѿȥ˼ԭĻôһ·ϱضҲͲڿҪӽ۶ʱǳˡ
ڵõǿ֪֮˵ϵ䣬ô޲ǰٽʹֻһ͡ʵУ
ʵȻ֪Ѿȥ˼ԭİӣǸʱ㲻߶ӵϵ޲֧ٽʹⲻ˵Ҳضף
ԣʱ˵ɫ̫ÿ
Ǹټ޲عˡϵֻ̾ǲ֪ʹﵽ׳ʲô飬޲عʳʱټʻȨ˶ܣ
ϵ仰͸¶ŻҰ֮⣬˵ʵҪĶΪʴͲôۣȻʱû׻ʵ۵ڿʲô뵽ԼĸʲȨԼĶܣ֧޲ؾͲһ䡣
ַ˵ϻеһһۺ󣬲ѹ£һûи֮ǰǧҪĻ䡣
ûĻ䣬ֻһʱ벻еĹؼ㡣΢΢ҡҡͷ˵䣬ʱ˳Ĭ˼֮С
벻ؼ㣬ʱҲͬ벻ؼ㣬˼ϲ˵ԼҲֻĬĬؼװв͡
ַֿһַۣҲ˼֮У򵤵ȥ˵£ǲǸ˵Ժ֮ǰͱٽʹģ
Ӧòᣬʱĵ˶ĵȼû˼£϶ᵣǿдȥȻ˵ѡַ統һڷϣ΢΢ҡҡͷ
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ܡһΣǰڣЩεĿֿһۣ̾һʶǸ׶ط
˵仰ְĿתϰأϰػ⣬˵ͷ͵ҿ֤С˵ĶģҲϵá
ϰغͰݵֿ˶ʱ͡
һĬУ˼Ƿϸ΢֮Լˡ
Ĭ˺һͻȻǰ̽һӣѹΪԺŵأ
һ仰ʱ˵Ĺע׷׽ĿתƵ˰ݵϡ
ǣȴҡҡͷģǶǸ˸׶ˣӦòףǾסջвҲ˵ϿһЩ
˵ݶһ£ĿϰصϣûпʲôԾĵطزأ
һ£˵Ŀϰصϡ
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ʱȴһֹӡ
Ͽæ˵ʲô˵ɣǶԼˡ
˵ϵĿ϶С˵һ䣺᲻˿ˣǰ찲Сֿ˶һ
˻һڣʱ˵ľ
ǣַȴڵһʱҡҡͷ񶨵ᣬҲ˵ʦ½൱ңǱʦƵˣҲɢаϢңǵĶͷϵаϢԣݺֿ˾ڽӽʱҲûзƵа֮
ַķϣһ˳Ĭ֮С̶һĹ򣬴뵽ϸҲȫųˣ˵ɫɵöЩѿ
ԭΪ鵱²ڿԶԶûô򵥡
һδƽһ𡭡
ʹһȻ̾ˣˣ˵޲عӦûôһȻˮʯˡ
һ䣬ֻа̾һ˵ͷ


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ҹֵıѧԺҲع鵽֮УѧԱǴ඼˰ʱһ־磬ԼŴֱѾõ໥٩š
䲻˸ѧԺȴǼžһƬ
ϾûʽѧѧԺеѧԱҲȫ
ҲʱѧԺ֮ǰʻһһΪµƥǾѡϵսףȴԼϵĻƾ£һȼŵľͼ͸¶˵ݡ
ʱѽֵȻвѲߵرһʱϽÿǹ
ϵȴĿбӣΧ羴ĿӶݵѧԺĴŴнš
˱ѧԺĴǰĿͣ½Ųתվƿǰ
޲ػ߳ĿϣЩƣˣһҰɡ
û˵ɹӣȴǵ˵ͷ޲Ҳٶ˵ʲô߳˱ѧԺ
޲ȥ£ʻ뿪ˡ
ֻǣɫܿе޲ƺ˳˼֮Уصɫû¶ڰз鷿ôһģ޾ĵš
ƺɢһ
΢һ޲ضȻ̾һ뿪һЩǳĳԼ鷿ķȥ
ո̤鷿ǰǻȥϢʱԺͻȻһ
ԺˣǰأǻˣȲҪţȷΧûжӵ֮Ѱǰɡ
ϰصͻȻԼԺ޲ضʱһ£ϰ˵Ļûбʾκεʹʥǿ߶صѰ֮̽һ£漴㷢ϰص˵λãͬϰصԺ
ʲôʱģôȥʹ֪ͨһΧȫûκˣǶҽ鷿ɡ
µͬʱ޲Ҳת鷿֮С
ϰ漴ڽ˴һȫƣˣԺѾȷΧȫˣҸһȥɡ
˵ţ͵һ󲽳޲ص鷿ȥ˽һɫҲæȥ
һ޲ص鷿ʱ˷ţֱʱĵײһ
¡޲վһԶŵ΢΢Ϲ۹Ҳֻдﵽʥʵʹڡ
˵䣬޲صԵЩżʲôʱģôȥʹ֪ͨһ
һѾ̾һȻѯ޲ص󹫣˵µʱһֱӻʹ֮У֪ǲǷʲô飿
޲صķţʱϲƺƺƺӴ֣޲صأǣһ仰Ȼѯʻʹ飬ʵһǶ޲ء
˵仰Ӳ̬ȣѿƣʣУɫʱЩѿݺϰصЩ԰ס
޲ȻҲ˵ϻе⣬ֻɫȴޱȵأɨһȦ˵һ仰ʱڳ˶ɫ䣡
˵£֮ǰݱ
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ʼݱˣɫҲͬҰף׼Ҳû뵽Ȼ
޲ؽϵı鿴̾һ֮ǰµͳ˶񻯣Ǳ㽫ٽ˹ҹغأҲֻڱ߲Żñİɡ
˵޲ضһ£ͬʱҲܵǲ˻ʼҽǰȥԭѰµ䣬ϾǱµĳӣǱĻʴûеڣµĺҲʸٰ졣
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޲ؿɫ԰ףɵһ̾ʼҽٳٶûϢµҲһ񻯣֮ǰƽ뿪ˡʱڹУҲûΪ²ٰ£ԣ¾һʱɶǣˣҲȥˡ
ġǰǡϻδڣһɫɷ׵İͻȻСֹһ䣬һû˵Ļʱڳ޲ɫࡣ
ϰҧһ䣺ĵһ졭
ݣǰʲô޲˰ݻеĶߣæѯһ䣬ƺǴʱеĻ˵ɨһȦ֮ͻȻüͷôǼأѵһЩ˶ȥϢ𣿡
޲ѯһ仰ݷ·ҲѹֲסʱܵίǰһͶ޲صĻУ֮Ѿʣס
ݣôˣԼŮ⸱̬޲ضʱż
˵ɡϲ֪ʲôʱӦ˹ָƽ֮Уֻǣϵһ˿ʧȴôҲزˣ˵һ䣬㿪˵ȥԭĶʮˣֻ߸
ʲô飿޲ɫЩһĴŰݵĺ󱳱ʾοһصѰʵֻǣȻַ绳е࣬ʱüͷһ䣺СŮ˭ǵ׶ʲôôλ֮Ҳôأشôң
ѯʳüʣֱ޲شʱĵĶ̬
ͻȻ̾һʼ˵ڼԭ顭
ȽѪ߷ǼȥϱַʹһɫϾ֪飬Ҳַס
ַ⣬ǰȥһ򵥵Ľһ֮飬˵ַ翴һۻѾ˯ŵࣺԣǾֻܴ뿪
˵СŮѪߵˣѧԱѪ޲ؽüͷɫȴ˿̵̬
ַûκηϣ˵ͷ
޲صͷĬƬ̧̣ͷֻǣһûѪߵĻ϶˵ѯʵǰʲôΪʲôһλصѧԺôأ
һ䣬ǣӵĻ⣬˭ÿڡ
˵ǰͨ۶ؾ֮·򳦹ŵܵ˶ܵϮһ͡ȫû
仰ƽȴزеп
޲仰һ𣬳Ƭ̣˵£ô֪ٵģǱ֮ǰҲûнµ˵ڣɳĻʼҽǰҲǾװ硭
ġһ㿪ʼԼƵ˵һ飬ͽǰǳĸ޲ء
޲֮ɫ࣬սʿʱԶһ£ݱʦƣüʱһɷĬãǵͷ˻еİݣݡ㱻ʦƣô
ݴ˿ȶ˲٣΢΢˵ͷ󲹳һ䣺Һûʧɱ˭ֻǣزȴˡ
޲ضʱ̧ͷϰأ˫Ŀ֮дһ˿ݣش硭
ǵģԺˣһоġϰĬĬ̾˿
޲һ仰΢΢˻ۣ۾Լƽԭӽ۶屶һΪ±¼ݱ©ԭû°
һȻ̾ϢеƺҲԭġ¡ֱӱˡӡһҲ˰ΪʲôôأҲϰΪʲôʹôԼˡ
ڶУı۾ɫƽ˿ʲô֮Ʒӿ
޲˵䣬ͻȻĿת˵ϵϣѯʵ£ڶӵ飬ʲô㣿
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ݵ˵ͷ޲صĻվ޲ؼˣŵϵ˵ͷĿһۣȻŶ
ʶȥͼ޲ȫɫƣȴѾ˸߿գںҹ֮Եôҫۡ
󣬾ſֹ˷ţ鷿ڶʱһƬĬ
˺һͻȻתƵַϣĿ˵ַ磬Σֻҵڣҵǻ֮գ֮ʱ֪Ĳǰݣģһȫġ
˵һ䣬ѾĿ˰ݵϡ
ݱЩ⣬ôҲ벻ڹϣϻͻȻ飬֮У˫֮ҲʱһĨ̺죬ϲ֮Ա
ַ֪֮ʱ˵ĻΪľģһ۰ݵģ¶һ˿΢ЦҲһ˿ů⣬ûż밲ݽǶŵϹл³ȫ
¡ִ˵ĶҲ˵У˵ͷûж˵ʲôǽĿת˵ϣڵڳ˿˵ҵϵĶˣʲôԸǾ˵ɣҵϾģ


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Ƕ޲ʤȯգ仰˵ļġ
ϰ¶һĨŹֵЦݣ֪Լĸǰһ£֪ԸһֱԺ˵ߡ
ϵ˵ͷûж˵ʲôϰ޲صˣߣҲû˼ȥ
ǰȥ£룬ڱҵ֮Ӧ÷ؼġ
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⻰˵Ĵ³ʱ̿ȴǹһ˿ȣҲ΢һЩ˵ͷûֿ˱֤ʲô
Ͼڻǻʵۣһ㵤ϻ֪ġ
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Ҳ֪ԸͲʺϸ浤ϣԸҲضܾϣǣһܾõоĻڵϲ˵ʲôҲ
ϾԺǻʵۣ۹ף
һĻȴǳַϡ
ϿһӵģͻȻ˹ȥŵϳԼ߹ƺЩţ̲סݡ¡
㲻ö˵ʲô֪⡣˵һ䣬㿴ַһۣٴνĿϣΪ峺ַ˵ū֮ӣūݣΪһҽ˱ѧԺԲԣ
ǵġʶĿַһۣ͸Ͻͷϵ
ַ˵仰ǹŹһ£ͷ
ڴӼԭص۶·ϣ˵ĿľϣԺܳȫżбʱһǣ˵϶˵仰һֱŵһҲһ롣
ϣһ˿Īɣ̾һѯʵ˭
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ϣ٣أֹһŵţ֪ˡҶһȫġ
˵꣬㲻ǾֳԼŵλȥ
һ£ƺǶڵϵĻе⣬ַԭһҲ䵽˶¶һ˿οЦݣϰصҲһ˿͡
ϻصԭλãɨһȦһ֣صҵϵǸλȻģĻ޷֤ٿԱ֤ҽԲλ


һԣУʱ޲Ѿ˻ʹϿգǸԭرѧԺȴʻʹطĵ·ϣֻǣȴû̧ͷ鿴ϿյϰߣҲûС
޲صٶȼ죬ûöʱѾ˻ʹϿգ˻ע⵽貵Ľ⣬ҲһΪԼǻۡ
ôڸ߿֮ϣŵϵһ㡣
ؼǣ߶ȣż̧ͷҲ۷ĴڣǺ似ƽ񣬻ӵоżʵĴսʿ
Ҳֻа۷ϵħʦʩչ߼ħ֮ɵ߶ȵļޣܿԼͷԶϿգվһӰ
ʥĿֲ֮տռٿؿռΪĿֲ֮
޲ԸĻ֮·ѾΪһСĻʳҲ㲻ʲô
ֻǣ޲Բô
ôϿվĿãһûע⵽ĵطȥ磬оȫ۲죬׾ܲû˻ѾеԼϣԣȷûκע⵽Լʱ㽵
ĵص㣬Ȼǻʹ֮ڡ
һסȫĶسӵ޹ȥ
ʵۼݱȻϢļãû⴫ȥʹ֮ȴɭϣֻ޲ǡõʱһֽѲߣÿһΣѲСӸո뿪Ӱԭء
ֻǣɫݣû˿Ҫܵ˼·ѲСӵ뿪պһ㡣
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ǣ޲ߵʱֻǳȺĻ˻֣ôԳӵ޹ǰȥЩȴǸûз޲صһ㣬ĿбӵС۲ΧԼ
ߵ޹ǰ޲Ҳţԭضһ£ӰʧӰٴγֵʱѾ޹֮ˣ
Ȼ޲ضڿռѾǷ켫
˿̵޹磬һſħҫŽ׹âһŮСغħǰħͻȻâϨ
ЩŮҲ·ûпԶ޲һ㣬վԭأҲҴĻᾪŵ˯еĶӡ
޲ؾ󲽳ǰ˯ĶȥĴǰĬĬؿŶӵ
һżΪĿᳬʮ꣬ϸ帻й󣬼°ɫŮһ㣬ֻǣϵĺԱ𣬻üһεɷƻϵʡ
ĴǰŮվ࣬ΪеĹȣƺΪóһ㡣
ȻҲûпվڴߵ޲ء
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˵ţһַֻ˶ӵĶͷϣֻռ΢΢ģ޲صһ΢ĽɫջԼ֡
죬ǴսʿҲѿ
˵ЩһԱߵŮӶһ㣬ûпҲû
޲ջ֮ٴһ۶ӣͲڴͣתֱӳķȥ֮Ȼ˲
ߵſڵĵطӰʧ޹֮⣬һ·ȥеͳҲû˷Ӱ
ܿ죬޲ؾһû˵ĵط˿ȫɫƣգ֮ͷ˰գɵĸ߿գʧԭأѧԺĵطٷȥ
Ҳʱ޲ػرѧԺϢҲѾص˻ʹ֮ǰ
һжôƽһжôȻûзʲôһ㡣
ֻǣ򣬻ǽ޹ΧˮйͨЩͳ죬޹ڵĹŮǣûвڴ϶Ѿû˺
ھǰһеȷֻЦ


ʮ ֶΣһһǧִ£
峿˶ڳ˯֮У̫ոո¶ͷ֮ʱӵ۶Ļʹ֮ڣɥ֮һ𣬳ʹİɥ֮Ҳ
ĵ֮ħķŴԶ۶˵
˴Ȼѣ漴̽ͷ㿴ԶΰĻʹ֮ϣºõ廨꣬Ʈųصİ֣˸оһʯѹؿһ㡣
ʹ֮ǰǧʼҽɫɫ磬ͷҲźɫëĶ飬õ廨Ļ֮Уʻȥ
󣬱ʮʵ׵Ĵսʿ̧߳ƵʯףһǰһķֱʯĲͬλǻҳԱС
һɫӸں棬ȨȨȣɫ֮ǳءȻǻʺ󡢻ȵȡ
ıǵ۹س󳼣ͳȵȣΪ˱ʾ˶ûȫǲС
ŰԽԽĺõ廨ҲƮ𣬶֮ճأûֻСĿ
еǸҹ֮еļˣˣӵܣֻǹŮоλĶǰ棬ûоλں档
⣬еֱ´̣һ·ߣׯϵŽ̵̴ʡ
ڶħļλ۴ħʦӴĶ飬߼Ϊ˽ӽСʱʱ䣬˳ſǰ֮ϵľĻ½˵֮һλãǽϵرȫϥ¹ʾ
ʱԽԽĵ۹ǰһƬڻʹǰĹ㳡һֱſǰһ·ϣˣȻɥЩͻȻ˭֪ɥֻе۹ʵۼݱŻֻǣ˵ϣ˵۶ʵۼݱ֮⣬ҲĪС
һ·ʻ⣬֮һƬʯױֱڷһƵϣʽǸһ䣬ʼҽҲ׷еĴ󳼹ǣҲ˸Ե
ںõ廨Ʈ֮һ·뿪˵۶ǰ۹Ļꡣ
ŻʵֱϵĻУפرأʱ鵽֮󣬱㿪ʼʽ
ۿװʯ׻ıŽĹѨ֮УڿһƬʺѾ޵ڵأҲѾ棬Ƕӵ֮УмѾ޻˹ȥôҲԭúõĶΪһҹֹ֮ͣ˺
еĴ󳼹Ķ֮Ҳ˱֮λֱ͢ĺ´Ҳʼ´ʣ۴ħʦҲڴ˿̵˸߹ͷ­
ʯ׽ĹѨǰȥ¸˵һ󣬱µݸߵˣ۽Ǵ˼Ρ
ׯϵ̴У۹λʵӵս
һ죬ǵ۹Ϊصһ죬һ죬۹Ļʵ۲Ҳʣ۹ĶҲĪСͬʱҲ۹Ҫӭոʱ̵һ죬Ϊڵڶ峿۹Ļʴǻ
ֻΪ۹ʴǻ̬ȴΪ͵ûкܴų򵥵йǻʽ֮Ϣ
ֻǣһּȥ͹λ±µС
ȣһּǼٵ۹о긳˰ʾȻʡ
һּһʱе۹Ұսʱڣ۹Ҳ´࣬ңҲֻǼٰ꣬Ǽ꣬ԣһּҲû󳼵Ĳ
һ۹ƶȵּ·ΪҪһǵ۹ʵ̭ƣÿ걻ΪۺʵλĽֻʿ٣ѡλְָλ
ȼ˷սʱھӵͶ룬Ҳǿ˾ӵʡ
ⶼֻǱ棬ܶ˶ᵽһ㡣ȻϵôȻУȨڻʵֻҪʵۿ˭˳ۣȫͿĩβ̭˻ʵ۵һڣҲûʵȨ
һ㣬Ȼû飬ʵ۵ȨȨҲȻĩβ̭ģֻһЩӵļһˣЩӵֻܽҪʵ۵ȨֻҪǿǿ˵ĹȥͲõĻᱻ̭˵ƶԵȫ˵ԵֻЩܳļһ
һ͸ļȨ
ĵڶ죬ּͷϷˡ
ȣԸֽԭȶǰߵĵϵ˵֮УҺãӵĴҲֻһЩС壬ߵȹŲô۹⡣
ЩУ׵ıǶ˹ӾԱ飬ǰճʳ֮вԶҩʳԶҩķ˲е˶ӵıУָҩǶ˹Ӿ
ݵ۹طɣıɱֱԱһ񼫵Ӧųնֻϼڸոյǻ£ᴦǣ˹ӾаӲˣʱ򣬾αҲô
ݵϵּ⣬˹ӾλϮȨֱϵԱʣµϵΪū
ϸڵһıɱֱϵñӿ˹Ӿ޷Ȼ˶֪ӱеʵԭЩҲܿ˹ֻǸҶ֪˹վӪ
ͬʱҲԵһη֮ģվӪ³ôңԼúúõˡ
ֻǣЩȴ֪˹֮ǰΪ˵ϵǣ¸ǲ˵ģҲʵ̬ȣΪ˾ӡ
˵ʱ䣬һּһּ⣬ʱеĴǹһ
ȣϱʾԼΪѧԺѧԱѾڲμ˽ıҵ޲׿ڳϣһ˵Я֪̽ˮӰֻӰֻǵһΣмֱֳ˵ժԭɽһΡ
Ȼмжϣ˶˴ߵĵȺеգ֮ժߵһΪ֤ݣӰǱɽҲ֤Ǽԭ
ȻۿӰֻٳԼ壬ǲɵΪһѺͬʱҲľ壬¾ȻĲ֮˼ԭ٣Լû
ˣϱʹϰصһʿɹ۵Ľҡ
ڴˣҲ飬ϾܱסµӦʹ͡
֪֮̽ˮһӰֱڳ˶վסˣ
ԿóһӰǵϵ˷ص;Уңһĵ·Ҳ˽֪
·ϣĿһǰսƥ򣬽žˢˢĺֱӳϳȥ
ǳǰǾսʿϵİɫΪĿ
˶ܿóǵĿǵϣ
֮һսڳÿһ˿ľսȻ֪ϲûǳս̲סΪŵķΧһģֱ˶߼ϵħըɱ֮󣬲Ųһ
ǵϵ֪̽ˮеӽҲϣԣҲûпʦĳԼǾսʿҲͿõ˵ˡ
ǣڷһӰ֮󣬵϶ʱдԼĺ˾֮ȫΪ˹Ӿˣҵֹ˿˵һӰʾ֤
һ£ʱ׵ΪʲôԶ˹ôˣֻǣҲ˻һССӾô붯սʿĸ֣ǣڵô֤֮£Ǹ޷ɡ
ֻܹ鹦˹Ԥı֮ơ
һʱ䣬˹ʱ
ͬʱϸߴٶȱƵ˶塪ϾΪʵۣ¸òóô֤ݣʷĳЩʵȫƾԼϲþ˵һõϵٶǵһΡ
ϳȴ䲼ΪҪּ⡣
ȣϰƾʿλ衰۹ػʿƺţͽöȵȡ
ϰصķͣƺԵЩˣ˶֪ϰ޲صļҳҲȻˣңܵõ۹ػʿĳƺţǽǺε
󣬵ַͰΪƹλҲͬ衰۹ػʿƺš
ڰݵķͣʵڼӸл޲ΪԼӵ飬Ͼ޲ΪϮٷλĻֻܷˣǣλֻлֱϵԱʸõԣھλϣ޲Ѿﵽ˶壬޲ʥǿ߶ԣλ㲻ʲô
ңɱӵڰ͸¶ԣȫϷ˰ݵϡ
ȻݳΪʷһλŮϾֻƣϮеĵλһŶûУ˵˵󲻴˵СҲСڵ۹Ҳʹ
޲صŮٸȨĻ޲Ȩʵھ̫ˣԣȻλѾﵽֻԵλҲûʲô顣
ǣĵλҲǸ޲س档
Ҳּ⣬λʵ۵ĸѾ޲صϣּͬʱҲԿŸôλʥ󹫾á
󣬵ͬһ۹ػʿĳƺţûдκξλǽϣӾΪ׼λӹܶ˹ӾأȻȲķӾķҲϣֿˣңֹǷأڵλҲ˰㣬˽ҲԵõߡ
Ȼûд˾λ˵ľλҲһֻǣŵ֪ҲֻǱµְˡ
˵ˡʣµδ͵˵ݲɵ۷׷ס
ҪǱֵµ˵Ļⳡ;ûʲôͷҲλʵ۵ĸˡ
ķûʧֿ˱ΪϮӾֱӱϰһְλȻλְλЩͣ˭ֿ֪һڽõΣ˵Ѿʼ
ǣȴֻһӾλǸ۹ػʿĳƺţɵѵҲ˭²ɣǵĻ͵ȷеˡֻ΢һᣬͲٶ˵
󣬵ɤӣһˣַķ͡
ֻǸո˵ǰ벿֣ڳȫĿɿڴ
Ϊǰ벿ǡַ硤ϵػʿƺţ۹Ϯ󹫾ѩħǡ
ںʵʹֱͣӱ˸ˣ
ǰһֵ̻ϵķ̫ͣһ̱㶸Ȼ
Ŷĵλͬʱŵ۹ģ밲ǸƹͬϮӵƹеһеλӵмķԼ˽ƣҪǣַι̵ĻӴ˴£ϵ彫С
ǣҲˣݿµĹ涨Ϊ̻ȨϮֻһһŵ۹־ģԣʵ۷͹ǽ֮
޲ϴʵۣҲǵϵĸ׷͵ģϾ޲صʥʵҪȡ֮ҲǸģԣһϮĹҲΪ
ǣȻƽʱ䣬һ˿ս乫ģңĹ˽ıҪһЩȴűѧԺΣ乫˽ȴ߳ĹһңڱҪսڣ乫ȾͳΪ˧Ҫѡ
˵Ϊˣǿ۶Ĺأʵ˭ҲȨģ
Ϊ⺧˵˽ƣеʵ۶Ϊأûа乫͸κˣ
ȴڸոյǻʱ򣬾ͰҪλý˳ȥܲڳأ
Ϊ۹ףʱͦԣڵһص£ѩħǹķһҪذ
һߺʱͽ˵˹ȥȻԵϷַΪ乫е𾪣ҲżȥԣΪ乫Ȼλ߳ҲвеȨ
󳼲ͬȻںƽʱڲʲôҪսڣ乫ĵλ͹˳ھ֮ϣʱһ۹˿ս󳼿¾ֱӱ˾񸱴ˡ
ȻǾ󳼲뿴ĽóȻľûǿҷԵ뷨ֻڵ۷׷ףš
ߣͻȻһȻֱĿŹڵϵľ󳼡
һߣʱ˶ԭʹļ׵İҲȻֹ
ۼˣһƽ˵󳼣˵뷨ɡ
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ҪһС;ţضҪгĲܣ׷ѩħǹ޲֧ӴĿ֧
λ˵ļΪûд淴ԵϲַΪѩħǹǴӲ˷ԱԼеĲȻϿΪϿǴ㣬ʵҲڷ̡Ǹʵô齨˽ʵûУͲ䵱乫
Ȼóص㣬Ϊʵ۲ģվһʵ۵λãҲû仰ë
仰ԥĵ˵ͷ˵ĺܶԣȷҿǲܣ
һϴ̬ȣʱþһ漴˵ֻǳǻλΰĿ۶µĹ涨죬Ϊ򣬱ȻΪ¿ȫ
ͻȻϴһ仰ʱЩǿӲȻǸ˵һ̨£Ҳڲ̡ǻλʲôҵİɡ
˵ˣеȨвϣ
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󲿷˵Ĵ˿жֻ޲΢΢üͷ
ϱˣ˿û󳼻е⣬΢΢Ц˵ļǣҪǾ󳼲㣬һûʶء
˵һ£·ݵľ۵׶ʱȻһ˿˵ʲôʱ򣬵ȴһתȻһ㡭ˣҼϣʹѩħǴ󹫽ʮִ֧󹫽˽

һ仰ʱһըһ㣬˵ĵը˿
ԭлڼŵϵЩƤ͵һǸոոյһ˿ЦҲʱȫޣ޲¶һ˿͵΢Ц
˵һ仰Ϊȹװû󳼻⣬һֱڡΪΪԼǣǱ˳Ļ˵ȻʧʮңҲӶһ´˾󳼵棡
˵һ仰ɵϾǼǻ۵ĵ
أڳҲû˭ҰѵϿɵϡ
˿̣Ҳ˵ԭϷŪԼȻ۾֮Ҳɢһ룬仰ɵЩ֣̿Щġ
ֻǣһΣûǰʣŬԼ˼·©֮󣬲ż˵£ѩħǹһ¹ش󣬿˵ѩħǹ˽Ȩ൱ڵ۹ӽһŵʵˣһǱڵв
ѩħǹٷ֮ٵڱ£Ҳѱ֤ѩħǹĺͬڱ£ӹΰȻʶûнλȥΪλʵǲⲻð
һ仰˵ĲûдҲ˶֪һ㣬˵ɣҲڳ޷
ǰܱ֤ѩħǹһҳϣܱ֤ѩħǹĺҳֵӵô˽ȫԳưһһѩħǹûκε̣ǵѩħǹһ̳һֻ۵ĵ֮󣬼ϸһǿ˽ܱ֤ûʲôǷ֮
ңһ˿ստ۶µĲɸĵƶѩħǹȹ˧ɾǽȨѩħǹУһǸʱ˵սͲܶʱڽѩħǹȫгʱ͸ȼʱȥཫ˻ܣѩħǹҲѾȫǿ˽ɶԻұҳϣɻһ
Ǹʱһѩħǹһ˿ǻҵ·Ҳߵ˾ͷ
ԣڵ۹ʷϣʵ۶ѩħǹ֮λΪһЦҪǰտ۵ƶѩħǹǼֱǽĩ·۴ӳԶǻǰѩħǹǿ˽һλͷⲻã
һ󳼰仰˵ڣڳ˵ﲻʾֻͬǣȴûһվ˵ΪģֻΪʱվȻﵤϣȫѾǸòòѩħǹˣѴӲλݱ䵽˾ȨȨİս
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ʵ۷Ѿչ˽ŵĵز󳼻ȥ֮룬һϲ֮⣬ǽλ֮տ̸֪Ȩˣ
ʵ̬ǿӲȥոյλȨв֮ʱʵڲһǵѡԣ鵽һͿϵ׻ôˡ
һã¾ͻӰ쵽Ժλ֮ˣһ㣬Ϊ黳ġôˡ
ԣչ˶Ź̬ȣңⲻѩħǴʲô£ҪҲңʱԼļ˵֧ѩħǹ췴أ
ȻȻ˶ôһ̬ȴͲ˵
󳼵һ䣬ɫ˲ȻۣȴͻȻתƻ󳼣֪ҵĶôô
һתƻ⣬ڳ˶ɵЩͷԣǻʵ۷˻ǸоŹתƻ⣿ôְѻתƵѹʵĶΪʲôأ
ƺҲЩͷԣͬʱһΪӵ·ͻȻļΪ죬ǰҲûκԤס
Ȼӵǳʲôԭ򣬶󳼰ѲϵʹҪ˶ûбãʲôλϣǣŭ֮£ڵһʱǰȥ£ֻǣǸʱʧѾõĵͻȻ˻ʹ֮ڡ
ңΪϵĻʴݣϻʼҽѵ֪ϻʵ۵ĲʣڵһʱЧڵϣǣͷˡ
Ÿոյֵӵ򣬻ʼҽȴֻ˰СʱҵʱͲ˶ӵΪ˹ӾͨʹĳӣڶӵķԶҩʳַˣŵ¶ͻȻ
ΪεǣϾȻ˻ʼҽСʱʱĽ׼ʯףӵʬ˽ȥ
ǸʱǾٱҲ׶ӵٶ뵤йأңϻʵʵ۵λӵȻɵϼ̳УȻ»Ѿ˶ӵȻɵټ˵ȥ
ȻоΣҲûʲô֤ݣϻʵۺͶӵҲеļΪȣԣҲԸһ顣
ֻǣʱԲ֪ΪλóѯԼȻоЩӵѾȷϣֻʵش𣺡ر£ΪڷԶҩķ˲ŻᵼͻȻġ
ŶҲ֪Ҷܵϵ˵һ䣬ƽѯʵ㣬˹ͨʹڵĳӣҶܵķԶҩģ
ͨԶҩ
ⲻԼ˵
һ̣󳼵ֱԼʱ˳ˮ۵飬ȴʱ򱻻ʵ۹óѯʣд˿̲ɵһŭ
ǣ۶ӵʵ򵽵ʲôȷˣԼ󳼾ͰѲκΣȻĽѶԼҲֻ˳˵ȥˣҪ˵Լ֪Ļʧְ
ʱѯԼֻҧر£˹֮ǰȻͼ˴ʱܹӺ飬ڻʹвԼ֣Żóѵġ
ܼӺ飿ڻʹﲼԼ֣󳼡ʹļӺӦηΧ֮ڰɣ
˵˫ۣ˵Ļᣬ˵ȥôһССӾͶ˼Ӻ飿ڻʹڲ֣
ССӾܼӺ飿֣
ʵʵѵԼ𣿣
仰󳼼ֱҪѪĳ嶯仰˵µģ˿ֻӲͷƤҲ֪һӽǰȥġ
㲻֪ߣ
˵ͻȻ͵һӣžһ˶һ
󣬾ʵһССӾֵ»ôʱȻ֪ͨʹĳӸԶҩôʱȻû˿˵ʵĲҲԶҩѲϵΪ󳼣ôʱΪߺߡǵֻʧְǡ˽ģ
һ仰ʱڳʧɫ˶벻ʵ۾ȻʱѶӵóʣȻһȻвʣȴǲѿڵǡ³ʧְ
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󳼴ʱһֶ˵Ȼӵ鲢ʵ˵һкûзء
ô˵ҵΪʲô
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󳼶ʱһ漴ɫ䣬Ѿ׻ʵ۵⣬ֻǵʱȴҲ޷ˣֻҧＷ֣£ҡ
ǣϸͲ˵Ļᣬʱת۹Τͼı췴Ȩã׾ȫΣ½Դͼľ͵ظɱְۣ֮ʱƣȥɣ
£ݡΤζ벻ԼȻᱻôһñӣ޲ۼ˵ʲôʱ˲ԽιȥҶ˵ѾιȥˣѺΡ

ŷŻŰľ󳼾Ȼôһ³ڳ˶Ͻ취󳼰ѹϵ
Ҳܶӵм䴩ʲôԵɣеֶȴ˼𺳣
Ҳû˸СλλʵۣЩԭ뿿ͼѹϵжһ
ֽ뷨ķΧ֮£һԭķͻҲڽ
֮ǰ˭뵽ԭ͵ʵϾȻݱλʵ۶ԭжң˭Ҳ뵽ԭλ̵ľ󳼾ô׵ĵ̨
ǿ뿪û˵λʵʰ˾󳼲о֣ѾҪˣ
ң޲ʥǿԸ飬˳ô

Ͽ˵ȥȴ̾һΪ˶ª಻ᱻ¶ȥֻոյǻλ̵ʱ޲֮ǿ󳼵ȨͬʱҲΪԼҹ˾Ȩֻǡȴ˾ˡ
ֻαǲпģʱͬҲҪƩ硭һѩħǹ¼
뵽ǿѹסипתͷ޲˵󹫣һҿ㡣
ˡ޲΢΢һ˿Եĸпôϻ۹ϵĵȻʵԸ㲻а
һ仰Ը޳ӸеĹ̬֮һڻȨ֮ϵơ
ֻʱѾǻʵ۵ĵȴ⣬̾һĿ޲ص󹫣Ȼѩħǹҵһڣ˾λʹ͸ַҲΪֻǣλʵ̫Уԣ󹫡
£סҰɣ޲غԥĴ˵ϵĻ롭ַôˣһġ
仰ϲһ˵ͷͬʱ̲סЩп


ʮ ѹ޴
һ죬ǱѧԺıҵֻǣıҵͬꡣ
꣬ʮͨҵѧԱڲμӱҵ񣬵ĳϡȴһӰûС
ֻпǰڷŵ߸֪̽ˮ
߸֪̽ˮҲֻǿѣ˭֪µѧԱһʦѾĽĹ塣
λѩħǴ󹫾
μӱѧԺƽǣĿȻɻڴǣҪɻڴĵһǴӱѧԺӱıҵѧԱȻˣɲѧԺˡ
ȣĵ۹ʵۣԭĻʴϣ֮ǰѾ˱ѧԺǸʱȻҶ֪ݾǻʴ󲿷˶ΪֻǸһѧģǣδĻʵҪЦġѧѧԱ˼ġ
ǣѧԱǰ˼ں棬ϲЦѧѧϰ似ģŬֱеѧԱǶɵۣ˭û뵽ĵ۹ʵ۾Ȼѧ似ģǣҪѧ似ҵרҵѵѲɱȱѧԺҪ
ΪֹһֱΪһţڶûеõܺõĽ͡
СȻö˵Сž˽֪һǱѧԺԺˡʥ򹫾ΨһŮ
ȻֵıȽд̨ϵĵһսȴǰ˳ȥֿԶļһҲһˡ
ΣУķֳһ䶯ֱӾ־˽֪
Ҫ˵֮ģֿûڼԭҲǸߵǵϣʣµһѧԱΪķַ磡
ַ磬ѾڱѧԺ˴˵һԵʵܵʱųӵļʵİСѧԱǵͶ꣬ôһȴȻ伣ʧ˵Ұ
֮ķĺ䶯ҲȫΪַ磬˭벻ķȻַĻ
ֱ˽죬ַݲµԹ
˽죬ѾΪµĴ󹫾ѩħǹ
һ۹ƽ֪ѩħǹζʲôȫζһϷĴ
ڣǶ棬ַôܳΪ˵λѩħǹأǣŴӱѧԺַϢһһȥǲڸףԭѩħǹ⣬ֻǻΪķ͵ꡣ
ͬʱҲַʵȥ񵽵ӵʵأңֻǶַʵ棬ַ絽ôΪѩħǹģҸΪ棬ϾֻʵҲܴʲô
˶۷׷ף̶̵ļʱڣַ絽γΪѩħǹ鱻汾
е˵ַʵǿ˵ڱѧԺʱѾõλʵ۵ϵʶҲ֪汾ʲô
Ҳе˵ַΪڼԭʱ˵ϵ˽ĳɾ͡һ汾汾Ҫӽʵ٣ܿǴ֪ʿġ
汾и汾Ʃ磬ʵȺг裬ַܳһİ汾һ汾ĸİ汾ʵȡ˱ѧԺԺʥ򹫾ŮӵɫİݣַˣַΪֺûʵۣ㽫ȥơ
йַİ汾֮Уŵľĸ汾ĸ汾ϾͬŵȺҲԷΪ࣬ǣȴһ汾˵ģǾַʵѾﵽʥ
ĸ汾ȻܳΪʵʶɣȴȱ˵˵ַӵʥôѩħǹҲͳ˳µ飡
Ͼ޲صʵʥ򣡶λȻڵλ൱ȴΪ乫ȴҪĹ߳һͷȻ۹дƽʱڣ˭֪ʵ˵ƾݣѩħǹǽӽһ۹űƵ˽֮оƺ޲ظһͷ
˵ʥǷΪĵߵĻôӵһС˽ѩħǹȻҪӣֻǣַ絽ûʥʵǴҾͲö֪ˡ
ϾַҲֻвʮѣʮܽսʿʵʥʷǴδֹģǱսʿʥħʦеĴʥʥҲѾ˶ʮꡣ
ʮսʿʵʥʵֲ̫ˣ
ȻҲֻ˵Ĳ²ѡ
˵һ챣ѧԺҵѧԱѧԺʷΪɫģȻַĹâѾ˵ĹâڸȥҲֿܷ˼˵ĳɾͣ
޲ؾͽż˷ɻڴĻĶһ±ѧԺѧԱǵЩѧԱǣǽԺѧԱѪڣҲֱӽѩħǹһ߷壡
ֻǣĿǰѩħǹ״̬ȴǺܲãң˵Ǻܲ
ԭַ粢ûָԼܵõôߵķͣԼϾֻһƽûκθϳǻλȨҲûй̣һ¾͸Լľλ̫ߵĻЩԼǾͻˡ
ַе߱׼Ҳֻǲѣ˵ԼȹĿǰҲѾⶥˣϾҲǸߵȹ壬ӵн۹Ȧʸ񣬶ԵϸյϻλȨԣҲѾǼˣ¾ǲҲٴ󳼺ʹķ顣
ַû뵽ȴֱӰѵ۹ʵ۶ûвȥѩħǴֱӲԼ
𾪣ַҲڵһʱ뵽ص㣬ϲɵӣʵȻҲɵӣλüȻԼͱȻԭ
֮޲ظԼĵȫҲӡ֤һ㡣
ֻǣַ벻ϾȻУȻǣڳǻλ֮ʱѩħǹˣ׵ֱӰѾ󳼸⵹ˣҲе۹ʵ֮ոȨһ
ȻЩҪ鹦޲أûʥǿߣⳡͻȻ⵹еҲ޷˳С
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ֻѾûȥκˡ
ȻΪλߵѩħǹַԭͺһһ±ᵽôߵĵλһ㡣
ûκεĵ̻ۣȻȸڵ۶һۡǹ˾һö
ӵС֮⣬ûˡ
ңʹ͸ʮңǰεķҲֻʮҡ
ʮҡһ˵Ļôһʿɹ۵룬ǣʮȴǹеλߵѩħǹвƲ
ʮң¶ۡάõġңڻҪƸŮˣüҾ޸ۡһеķʮҾҳȥˡ
ңѩħǹΪ۹һģǰڻȨ˽ҪһȫΧڵĻҲЩ˽䳡ɣ
һ۹Ҫһ˽ûУҲ̫˵ȥˣ
Լ˵ȥ۹ҲᱻԼһ飡
ǡֻʮ򣬾ԼĻҲʮĽң˽ӵٺ»սסճķõȵȫҪԼ
ңԼҪеķýͣҲУԼΪĻҪ۹ӣ
ǰһϵе⣬ַʱ͸оԴҪըˣ
࣬վԼۡĴԺĵ˺ð죬ַڴһ仰ģѹ޴󰡣


ʮ ʵ۵
̾һַ㱧࿪ʼԼĸۡӲ
ᵽַеǹǿѹһ㣬Сϵ䣬ԹԵſַ϶Ҳַߵ㿴ֻǣһʱļʶԸۡڵЩƽѾֲ֣Ĵ۾֮ҲѾ˿û˵ǹɺС
ֻǣַҲû˼СˣΧۡתһȦӲݴÿһ䲻̾Ϣһ
һۡһֻ֪֮ʲô󣬱ȻֱӳţȻʵڲ֣ȻҲἰۡǸʱ
ʱ䣬ۡһƬֻǣʱ򣬵ϵǻһֱõĸۡһ͸Լ
ԼһܼҶûУԼ˴󹫣ۡӲ궼һʱ顣
뵽ܼңַ粻ɵһͷۣԼЩǮһЩͨ˺ŮףһϸĹܼȴϼѡ
ܼȻңǵĹܼҾ㲻εˣҲǹϵΪ׽ˣֻˣſԷĵĽһм񽻸㡭Լȥôһˣ
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׼޿޵ϵǹɴݺ򶨣ֱصǷݻ뵭
Ŷԭ˹ͳ죬ˡַĽӹħռָ֮Уæ˵һ䡣
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˹䣬Ӧһ˼䣬뿪
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Ȼַ֪ǻʵԼҲ˽ƵⲹԼл̲סЩм
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뵽ԭϻ̳Ͽֵİвɵչ
ַȻǲ뵽뷨˵仰ӿռָȡһֵһҵħӸ
¹Ľӹħַָʩһ񣬾תԸ˼䣬ٴθַʩһ֮󣬾һȥˡ
ǻʱÿ˻жһ޼ľõĹߣַ翴æԸЩڽﻹְβݵŮǹȥȡ¡
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뵽һ͵ˣ¶ʱ亹ֱ
ַһ仰ŵһĻص˶磬ŮҪ̫ѣҼȻı䲻ƶȣܰһѾһѰɡ
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ʮ ޸Ұ
ַش𣬰¶ʱסˣ·ǲԼĶһ㡣
һǻһڿˮŵˡ˵ŮҲҪգһٺ
ʵְ¾ȣΪ˶֪Ů˸ûеλԵģǴһ磬Ҫȥֻˡ
ܶƽŮòªֱŪò˵ĹȥţȽŮˣйүܿԼҵŮԼһҲܽ˹Ϻӡ
ɹ۹ж٣ÿ嶼ȢŮҲͷֵôŮˣңһ㶼Աʾ֮ѺҹŮţ־רҵòϣǱƽҵŮ࣬ǸûȥӭȢƽҵĹ
УҲǼ
ٵĻ£ƽҵŮǱ˹嵱Ůǽ似ѧԺΪսʿ
ַ˵Լٺӹǲڵģ
ֻҪһŮΪ˹ŮֻҪһԸŮļһǮǾ㹻ˣŮҪ޳̷壬һЩľɫıүүˣλȻ˵ߣһСֵɣȾӡ
һЩеó˶ܵõһ֡
󲿷ûбүүϵŮڶɹΪഺ֮һ޶䣬ͱǲɢֻǣǲɢ֮ǵûлָɣΪ̷壬ܷԭļУֻܼ޸һͨƽټظŮ
ֻǣǸʱѾɫ˥ͨƽˡ
иһҵŮڱǲɢ֮ΪҲԸȢԼˣֻܱȵƹ߾
Ǵӽ帮ۡһֱǲɢû˿Ͷꡣ
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ˣ˵ŮҲʮ֮ѡ޸Щˣ
һΣµ֮ȻҲоȣȴǾϲ仰ǿˡǡۡ
Щ˸ͲȢӣ١ְڼ䣬ּĹܼңΪƹܹҲλõԵʣûȢӵĻᣬһĹܼңһҲûȢӵġ
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ַ֪ʲô˫һУǿԣҲȻȢӣֻ˵Լм
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ǣǣˣӦİ¶ʱϲֱ͸оԼǲǼĸȫڴ˿ֳæ˷ܵӦһ͸Ͻʣµ뿪ˡ
˺һЩϽŮȻַĻȻ⿪ڣȴѾϲɫ
ַע⵽Լһڵͷ޼ӲݵŮ˫֮ѾһĨ̺죬˵о˼˵顭
Ůı鿴Уַ粢ûгڵƣȴ¶˵΢Ц
ǵ΢Цһεõʵ֣еѹʱо˲١
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һа֮ԼҲӦðĸ׽ӹ˰ɡ
뵽ַжʱӿһů⡣
ֻǣʱȴͻȻŵ
£ַǰȥţۡĴȴԼͱˣ
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ԣһһĻַԭܰȻ޴棬ȡ֮һɷŭ
ȻԼļ廹ûнȻԼȨΪֱˣ
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ǣǰȻ˰ݵӰôֱײַϤ֮˱治˵ʲôжȻҲһ˿УȴǸ⣡
һݵӰַеķŭĻһ㣿
˿̣վڸۡǰǰѾȥĴһʿװûյݲͬʹ׷ĹȻҲ˾ĵĴ磬ʹ֬;տӾޡ
Цݸȫչ˳˫֮ϴŵһĨ̺죬Ҳ֪⼸ûַͻȻ»Ϊԭ
ǽһŮʿ󣬸ɢһɶصӢ
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ַ翴ݵһ̣һ˿Цݣ٩ԭǰݹʧԶӭ
˵ţ㻳̧ǰȥ
һ˵ݵݣеŮҲʱȻ񣬾һ˶֪ƵҲ֪ͬݾַˣ˵ЩԭڻʹеĹ͢Ůˡ
ֻЩŮ֮ǰûмݵòһֱΪ½Ůżǿĺģжһʱͳеĺ棡
ǣͬʱҲٴһŨŨɻǾǡѩħǹ˵׺Ͱݹôʶģǿ˵֮ǰһòªŮ˰
ҲЩŮβ룬ַȴ벻ô֮࣬ǰʱڣһֱǱһԱԣȻ밲ݵķչûܵʲôҲ˲û̫졣
񲻹ԼôģҲĨȥĴһֱڵļ⼸ʱ䲻԰Խ˼ʱšвѾ
ַĵ٩˫״ٺһЦֱӲһ˽ַĻֱԭַ绳еһҲЩʱʱ͵һ۵ŮǴ۾
ԭһӵģһ¾Ͳ˹ͶͱˡŮôû㹫ľأ
ȴô࣬ʹı˱ַ֮󣬾ͷַĶߣ˷ܵصι֪ѣһҸһңҸ׻˵ѡ÷֮㾫ǧˣ׻˵
˵ͻȻԵЩ˫֮ϵһĨ̺
ַ仰ǰʱһƲȥһĽҲ˵ǧͽԼС⣡
ȻҪѣѩħǴǰ˱Ȼǰ̣˵˽ĵλ۹ľҪһЩѩħǹ˽ǵ۹İΪһģȴ󲿷ֵطرλҪһ㣡
ȻǲҪЩѵɾȴϼѣƲȥװƥܣ˵⸺ѵרҵﶼûһôȥѵЩأ
޲͸ǧȻ࣬Ͼ޲һѵõģųľ飬ԼȫǧѵΣֱӾͽԼһ⣡ң޲ΪĹһ͸ԼǧҲʵǲˣ
ĺϢַв˷أ
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˵ݸŶַϢϸǽΣ˰Ŵ˼֣ȴһ㣺˵ҵҲСˣҲϽߴ㡭
һ仰ȻСַȴһһһ䶼ôϣ
ʱһϺˮһӿļ䣡ֻǣӿ룬һһͬӿĵס
Ȼ뵽ԼȻֻвʮ꣬ȴѾҪʮһˣʮһ꣬ǰ߲Ÿһ߳ѧãѧ磬ȴǺӵĸˣǰһ仰ǾǡӶˣ
ձŮʮʻ飬ʮ˾ˣʮһ껹ûм޳ȥģƩŮȺ¾ͼûˣ
һַ̣ʶΪ˵ԼȢĲֻഺǿѹҪ˹ɫ޲صŮĻǿҵ֮£֪ᷢʲô飡
뵽ַһ˲ӿȻʧһ룬µĸжǰǼѪˮҸգַһѹסļ䷭ӿڰݶݡȶ֮ͼ޸Ұɣ


ʮ ޴
Ȼݲûֱ˵ַԼĻҲ˳ԭЩַַһĻЩȫѹһ̷·㲻ʲôԭһŻȵģڴ˿̸ȵֱڻ
ֻôĴӿһɾΥůᣬһȫӿڴ˿̸оЩᣬ鲻Խĳһ£ļǹǿҳ嶯Ĵʹ֮ѿڶĵ˵ͷţ
ַȻһ˿΢ĳ򵥵һֵĻشҲӿ·Ʋסǿҵĳ嶯ʣµΨһһֻıס˰ݣʹ§˻
˭˵һҪų˭˵֮ǰҪĻУ
ԼªӲݵĸۡǰ۹Ůɹô
һ̣ԵЩҵǰЩŮĽĿ֮УַӵסݵĳƺĻ档
ûʻҲûܰգ۹ߵĹ壬򵥵صĻõĵһ
ƮӲζ֮ӷ
һ̣ʱ·ֹһ㣬Ϊ֮áͬڹͳ˱˴е
ֻǡ
ֻǣַ绳еڴ˿̷ǵûԵö࣬һֹĸо
СƺҲַΧȾ˿ԴﻹʣԺȴһϤƺĵ׵ļҿһǣоЩãȻҲһǿҵΣԾľһֻСȥ˰ݵļϣǱеһ㣡
һĻֵĻЩŮУȴǵıùԼ˻һСŮ§Űݹ⸱ڰݼϵһֻС֡
ôôһڵܰ
Ůв˼ѵСŮǰݹŮģ˰ɣⲻøʶպǺô
ǣ֮ǰԼ˺ʮɣҺǸƽ񡭡ʮܰѱ˶ݲİݹݵ֣һУԼ˵ֶ
ԭǾŹַܳΪѩħǹκΰ汾ڻʹ֮иǷֱʵߵİ汾ַܳΪЩΪȻʱ뵽һ㣬
ַȻЩŮ룬Ҳע⵽ڴ֮ͥ£һİݵĺ󱳣ݣȸҽȥɡ
šӦһ䣬漴㲻뿪ַĻ
ַۼˣתԸһŮȥ鷿һ¡
ǡŮƺûлعһ²ŸϽڴӦŻŵ鷿λȥˡ
ַһתŮæͷȥæĹע⵽ϵɫвһʶĿַһۣȴַҲڿΧôӵĿ⣬һ죬һ䣺ʲôأ
Ȼǿ㰡ַо˰ݼٵĽ̬˵䣬鲻ԽĲһ䣺
һ䣬һΪ۵ʱ̣鲻ԽľͰԴַļϡ
˾Ƶĳ鷿λȥֻǣû߼Ĺȴִŵ
ַ粻ɵü̲ס룬ѵʲô֧ԮԼˣ
ʶתȥͿԭǹϵĸۡǰһزµվַжʱһ£
Ȼûбʵ۷ȴǱ˰뼶λ˭֪뼶λΪģ˵˾㲻ҲһְңʵҲһ׼ˣᣬҲûо飬Ҳ䵽زɣ
ѵϣɵ𣿣
뷨ַԭܰȻ޴棬һϴŹŹֱʱſڴȥѯʵôˣôӣ
ҲԾĵطϲɵ¶ɻһַ˹ȥ
֡ѩħǹ󡭡
ԥһ£гַƣֻǣһˡֻδ˵ڣһ±ַüϣѵʶôô⣡
ַ仰¶һŨĿɬַ翴ɨΧһȦ־ͳ鷿λȥﲻ˵鷿˵ɡ
ݼˣȻҲЩɻ󣬵ıҲ֪ڲѯʵʱ򣬾ִ˴ţתһ˳鷿ȥ
ʱ鷿ѾŮʰ˳ֻǣյ鷿ȴһӶûУַҲ˲ϵΣһͰĿϣң׷ʲô飿
һ仰Ȼ˵ƽȴѹһɷŭ
ַദ꣬ȻǶַ缫Ϊ˽⣬ַصķŭϽûûʲô顭
ûʲôôӣַ統Ļһ䣬ֻǣҲԼЩʧ̬˿
ݿַ⸱ģѯʵַôӣѵϣ׼㲻𣿡
û˶ҺܺáԴ¶޿صʧ䡣
ַ˿ҲѾѹסеǹɷŭȻԼƽ˵˵ô°ɣ
֪Ҫ˵ڣ̧ͷĿʼ
ԭʵܼ򵥣ϣ׼ȻڵľλΪŻõģһȥ֮ٷƵĴ̬ȣֱͲһ˶µĸе̬ȣĶӻˡ
ʼЩӦ˳ܵҲ֪Ǻãôʱ䣬ϣͻȻͺ׵ĲҪˡ
ȷе˵Ӧǰ͸ַ硭
ԣŻ뿪ϣ׼ĸַۡ
Ľַһֻǣͬʱ̲ס̾Ϣһϣٽ͸ԼĿľΪҪֺԼһַôῴأ
ֻǣ⵽˵Ǵأ޴أ
ȥ˵ĸ벻˵ϣܲǸԼҲףԼȱֵʱ򣬽Ϥ͸ԼԾֺãһѩֺ̿á
һַ統ȻףҲͦϣʱ͸ԼһϿϣǴ֮
ǡ׼λǿģѵĻʵǺ𣿵ʵΪʲôûнΪöصϣٵߣѵĿ
ʵѡ񣡵͸ԼȻֺԼҲͬʱ˻ʵۣ
һַ̣ʵǲ֪Ϊϣ׼еϧΪĵеˡ
ǰԻЩ㱵ַ˵ʲôȴͻȻ洫ҵһüͷ밲ݶһۣ͸ʹһɫ볯ȥ


ʮ û
˸մ鷿߳ʱ򣬱㿴ԼۡĴѾ򿪣ܼҰվ˴űϣָָСС
ţ˻зֱŲͬļҾС˽˽֮󣬺вٴŸֲµ˻ıżҾ˽ҲмòõŮһЩļҾ˽
˿̣Ҳע⵽ַˣֻǣԶڷֱվԼԵİݺе֡
ϾܹרҵѵҲֲʹˣƬ̣ƨƨߵַܵǰˣЩҸһ˺ŮȻҲмӡ
Щһ˵յͷӵǰЩҴѡģ˸ۡЩҲ㹻ˣֻҪԼѵܺϸˣң˳ɹһЩճƷҲҾߣһ˻
˵һ䣬¶ʱתȥһ䣺Сĵȷ£˿
£лعͷʵĹվԭأЩ˺ŮкʱϽ»ƷæֻܵǣЩԶûʲô飬վԭֶ֪֮ķš
ƺǸоȺæŤͷʹɫ
УмŮһµ񣬶ʱ͸ϽѧӸַʩһ˰ݼַĻ⼸һͷʣµҲӦ˹ʱŻŵ˵ŷеĻһʱ֮ġ
¼ˣʱæһȺŰ
ҺַҲּӴˣۼҲɨЩһȦ˶ǿ׳ˣŮȻò˵Ĺȥȴ£ҲбװҲûٻ˼
İ˰֣˵һ䣺ˣ֪ˡʣµ¶ԸŰɡšɵĲңԼħɡ
˵䣬ݺʹһɫٴλص鷿֮С
ȺһǵûһҲ鲻ԽһѺתԸȺæȥˡ
ַ߽鷿һԱ߸չļӣɫԥһ£ʱûзԸ˰Ӹͽȥ
ַһص鷿ݶʱͽЦͦǮһξ͸¹ܼҡ
ݣܲ
ַҡҡͷ˵ȻڻЩңЩҶ޸֮ˮʱ޸֮ˮýҲ뽱һΣҵĹܼҸոջǴ󹫣ЩŮҸۡǱģϲ¶»Ϊ˰»ĵ
㵱Űµ治˵ЩʲôȻҲ۷׷ףȥãҪǴȥˣѩħǹţȻȦ֪ûжٲƽȴ֪ҪǶ֪ˣҲͰˡ
ҵС£۹ͻʵ۵ǴˣԣҽֻǱ棬Щ˵ĲǸ
Ȼⷽûʲô츳ַĻ¶ɻı飬ƺǻַָʲôַ翴ɵһ
¶˻Ȼı飬һ̣ʲôӻͳһַ˹ȥַ֡磬ҴʮңŸո
ַ罫ǰȻı鿴ּݹħȴ̾˿ϣ׼Ϊֺҿǻ˼ʮң˵Ҳ㲻ˡ
˵ţַӹݹħӽ˿ռָ֪Ȼϣ׼֮ǰֻһӾһӾҵٶ࣬óʮֺԼѾˡ
ַ仰ЩȻ漴ַ翴ı飬вɵøпڱԵеҲеɵȴֻ֪Աʵϴĺܣ͸ղһȻı飬ͱ˵
·ڸԼԼȻѾͶַͲȥԭ˵Ǳˡ
ַ粢û϶˵ʲôļȻѾˣȻ㣬ҵɡ
˵ַıһŹ֣أֹһ䣺Ȼֻһ˾
ص˵ͷûп˵Щʲô


Ѿ˳ӣȻӵֻһ㣬⿹ߺͲҲȫһݷʢͣ˵ζҲһ㣬ַ˶޵ˣܿͳһ͡
һʱ䣬ȺĹܼǰۡףأҴַȻһһЦɣͬʱҲðд˼ŽЩǵĹܼңǻȥ֮󽻸ǵ˾Ϳˡ
ϵҲȶڶԷ͵ʾлȻ׼ĳĳڹۡơ
Ͼ˼ֺԼΪԼύԼܲʾʾأ
ʱǰʾףصĹܼԽԽ࣬һʱùЩæֽţеŮӶ½˹ʰŹϵЩ
޷Ҳǽ鱦һĶΪ˰ڴųЩùܼҸַʱ򣬶ģԣǿ˹Ůˡ
ַܿĽÿңʱЩҲоƣˡȻġ
һǰףصĹǣ۾λСڵ۹еְλߵַͣ綼ðһһ׼һţԴȥ
ֱҪƻʱ򣬰²ŰһջͳƽַһͳƣЩӰ˵Ķɽҵͳ֮󣬲ɵַеΪ⡣
̶̵һʱ䣬ʵ۵ϡ޲غϣٵ֧Ԯڣַһ˻ɽҼֵٶĲƲ
šٶҲǹԼʽ˰ɡ
ַ翴ͳƵĽš
ɾʱֻ죬ʹ˰µˡһλĹܼң˵ҪԽתŷġ
֮ЩΣҲһЩΪѣϾӦܼҾٰãܲԼ˲İɣǣԷִҪԼˣﲻɵЩա
ַµ仰ʱüͷѯʵλĹܼң
˵ǺۡĹܼҡֽͷơİַеĲƣɵСص
һ䣬ַЩ죬һ̣жʱЦϸĻһǰǳ䡭ͷƣӦþǺۡĹܼˣߺߣڸоַ硱Ϥô
ֻǣԼʲô
񲻾ǻǸꡪûô
ȻˣҵҪˣʲôϷ
뵽ַİµɣ


ڶʮ ĺ
ʱַ鷿ȻΪªԶԶ䲻󹫾ݣôеԼ֮ճҾ߶Ѿȫ
˿̣ڳַ֮⣬һˣǾǺĹܼҰͷƣңߣڷһһӡ
ַ翴ͷһۣװ֪ͷΪִҪأ
ѩħǴ󹫡ͷϵı൱Ͻһַë֮󣬱㿪ڵ֪󹫸ոܷ⣬ݺʾףأһ̫أ˻᲻СһҪԽ󹫱
Ŷַüʾ˵ȥ
ͬʱҲ²Ѿ϶ԼѾˣʱٶˡַ硱֣Ȼ̲סϾ½ϣַ硤ϵֻ϶Ϊ¸Ͳظ
ȻԼ͹صѵԴˮ𣿡ֻ˵̽Լأ
ͷַʱתȥƿһΪһĴӣȻתǺ͸󹫵ĵһݺԾһٽ
ƿӵһַ̣ŵһŨķ㣬ζԴҲǸϰӣǰȻûнӴϣҲ˵ġ
סңԶıɭ֮ԭҪԶһȰƽ壬ҲһصĽ̵塣
ǴӲ彻ӵǿħԼ񼼵ļΪҪǣǶڳԼ֮弫Ϊִ
ϵȴǴ½ˮ׼ȻôҲ첻ĶϣԣҲϵ档
ھǼÿһ˶ǿħʦԶħԪؼ񣬶ħ޵ħðħԪأǺϲħ޵ħ˵һЩװƷ
ԣǿĳӶڷѾԭʥأħ޵ħ˻ȡϡ
ֻǣԭΣգĸߵħޣܳɹԽԭĳӶţ½Ҳᳬ
ңһȥͲ֪ͬ飬ϻʱҪѸԾϣÿһδԽԭʵʱõʱһ¾ʹӳӶŽ˴Ӷš
ԣԾϼΪأ
඼ƽȼˣ
һʱ䣬һӶ׼Խԭǰȥ뾫һϣȴ벻һӶȴܲҵȫ˼ԭ֮У
㣬ַֻΪѪߵܲãʵҲˣΪ׼ô꣬ͷȴͲʶԼ˭˭ֻأ
ǣԾϾ͸ӹˣİ֮ڣϻѾ˻ƽ۸
ǰһһٽھ壬ֵȻǲ˵ңĵλȻ˵ǾϣһͲм٣
ǣַвƣǸʲô˼Ȼýôһٽ͸Լ
Ǻô󰡣ٺ٣
Ȼʣַ粢ûбϣɫɴݵһҲûΪһٽԾϸеԾһº͵ӣŵ΢Ц԰ͷƵл⣬ͷȥ֮һ
󹫵ķԸһתͷƿַĵɫв΢΢ȣ˵䣬ָһӵǺ󹫵ĵڶݺڵһݺǺ˵⡣
˵ţ㻺ߵ˵ڶһĴ֮ǰ
ͷƵַϲûбֳʲôȴѾóһĹֻǿθˣΪֺԼҲԭ򣬵ʵĿģȻڶ
ŰͷƻĽڶӴ򿪣ַҲʶס˺
ͷƴڶӵĶȻԼԵùַ绹ע⵽ĿʱʱԼڶһ򿪣ַ׼ҲоѪһӿ
ѩħǴ󹫡
ͷվڵڶԱߣֻŵԴȴֱַ磬ɹǺ͸󹫵ĵڶһֵ֮ĺľΣԸ˵൱ĺôľڼȼյĲʣ󹫲õģľѾǶϵȵĸʯܴҲȼա
ƽκ覴ַĶУȴԵüΪ̶
ַԭ֪϶ûʲôģһľεһ̣ʱ͸ĸ֣ԭˣ
ߺߣ͸ľΣΪ˴̼Ҷǰһ仹Ŀģ
ľȻأԶԶȲһٽԾϹأͷȴһǿľβǺ͵ΪĺȻ˺ָʹǿܼҰͷҲԶԶһܼô򵥰
ߣڶݺǺذ
ַﲻɵЦЦǿˣȻôصƷ£ͷһӣðͷúϢһ£
漴Զ˰µӦ
ͷƿڶ֮󣬾һֱעַϵı飬ƺҪʲôȴַɹ΢Ц۵ײɵһ˿ɻ󣬶ַһ䣬۵׵ɻŨˣҲ
ֻǣҲ֪֮һˣԼֻһܼҵݣѩħǹĸۡѩħǹһ
ǣͷƱϽǰһ󹫲ˣȻ˵ĺѾƽҾȸˡ
ŶȻ£ȥͷ׼һţðͷȥַϲɵ¶ϧɫæж溰һ䡣
ԭѾһ߽İ¼ˣֻܷеӣ˰ͷһ΢ЦԵƬ̣ͷȥȡȥˡ
ͷƼˣæַ繧ʩһ񣬱ȥˣȽӹµݹź󣬱뿪˹ۡ
ʱ鷿ַ֮ɫѾޱȣ
¿ַĲˣվһҲҶ˵ʲô˿һԱߵӣĿźľͣƬ̡
ַע⵽˰µ񣬵˵һ䣺Ƚ˰ϰȥɣźľΡţͷǰԭȵӰɡ
ǡæӦһϽȥˡ
ַĿⲻɵ÷ŵźľ֮ϣ˫ۣ˼һȻأ˵һ䣺ȻǺһƬ⣬ȻͲ˷ѵˡ

˿̣ۡ鷿֮С
ˣһѩħǹƺǰǸһͲͬһˡͷƹվںǰɻϸţһˡ
˵˵ɣ㿴ϸڶ˵һ䣬һ·ϵ塣
ǣˡͷٴʩһ˵Ǹ֮ǰСļһֻһƽ񣬶һһСӣȻѩħǹͬһһȴźܴĲȣ͸һٽﾫûбʾκξȣǷݴ뵭ʵڲһһˡ
šⲻʲô֮ǰҾͼʶ̣ҷ֮ǰûбʾκεĲ΢΢˵ͷֵźľʲôӦ
־͹
ͷ¶΢΢˼ɫһϸţһߵѾ꣬ںľļҲض̣ǣóľβ˵ľεĺô׶˵ʱҲûϲκӵĺôȻ˵˰¡
ŶڸɻɫʶŶһ˳Ĭ֮С
һԵİͷע⵽ɫСǰˣǲǸˣǸСǾżǿȥҲ᲻ǸպøǸ˵ǺأңֳĴݺ͵һʮӦеķӦ
ߣáǲǱµĳӡΪƣǸ˵ֳΪ󹫾أϾѩħǹ
˵ͷ뵽ʲôϽһ䣺ҡϿȥҲһʮˡ
˼Ƭ̣ŵݱȶȷǰ·ϲű޲ǸһﰲԭǸ˵Աڵ䣬ѩħǹҪ˵ǱµĶȴЩǿ
˵䣬ͻȻһתȻУֻҪһ˿֮ҲСģǸˡԭȾҲʲôѩħǴ󹫣ǾͲò
˵ţ˰ͷӻſһۣ˫۵šǸһﲻһֱұôҾ͸һλᣡ
ˣ˵ϣЩ̫ʺϰɣ
ͷ˵⼸־û˵ȥȴǵ˵ͷȻȷ̫ʣ̽̽˵ǿ±²Żѩħǹλʵضף
ǰǸˣʹڻţ̶ʱ䣬ôţҲͻƵ˼ңǸСһﵱһħʦߣħ˫жٶȡ
ͷƺЩģˣǡİݹ̶ʱڴﵽ˼ˮ׼İ
ܴ֮ﵽ˼Ϊһ飬Ͳöˡ˵䣬һˣȥɣ˴ң
ǣˡͷ̾Ϣһ뿪˺鷿
ôų˼Ƭ̣˵һ䣺ôôأҲֵַ֡


ڶʮһ ϵ
ҲڰͷƻصۡʱԭѾüַӭһλ͡
λַͣһЩλͲǱˣǰ
ǰĿȻǴĸ˲ΪַǰףأҲͬһʲƵĺֻǣַע⵽ȻȻԼ˵Цǹȴûȫء
Ҳûжַʲôַʱҵǹ壬ȻǲòμдҲȥΣյļԭȱҵ֮Ͱ׵İţȥפĪŵһС١
ؼǣڱѧԺʱڣѹûнйһȻҲѧϰһЩ似û㹻Ļһ似ͷӲʲô
½һƬɳĮפǵĪΪ̿࣬һ벻ֵ˿սƾʵֱ
Ȼ˲ȻҰѰбȻˣôҵĻ£ᷢʲô˭Ҳұ֤ҪǰһʵãؼһʵûУ
ַ߿İʹ࣬һܿó
ַ罫ı鿴вΪ̾ϢԭȣȰ˵˲뷨ֻʱֻһƽȻ밢ĹϵٺãҪڲǰ˵ǼҲǲܵġ
Ѿ˹Ȼ˵ֻǣϾ˲ĳӣԼҪóȻǰȥȰ˵˲˲ܻῼһ£»Լ£Ͼ˼ҵ˽¡
ȻѪǱһõĻᣬհҲΪʺϣҪɹȰ˵˲Ҳһ׵飬Ҫһʵ򣬿»ʵ䷴
ǰһַ࣬籾˵Ѫߵһ£Ƭ֮㡣
Ͼ˵ѪߵܿðʱһЩͬҲһΣҪǣ˲Ǳʱ϶ǲͬģǰεòʵ֣һּ尾
ԣûаճɹȰ˵˲֮ǰַҲûн˵ڣֻİļԣÿ϶߰һжġ
ȻַĴ㣬ַ仰Ҳֻ΢Цһ£ַ˵ô࣬תһЩҪҵҲڼָæѧϰһЩҪ֪ʶԣַһ֮͸뿪
˰ַ粻˳˼Уûü˼ʲôܼҰȴһš
һףţϵӲ˵ȫһЩ׵Ļַ翴ҲȫǷϻֻɨһ۱·ȥǵ֮ʱȴǴסˡ
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٣ַ翴ŰһԹģأֹһԭһüͷȴ˿
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ԣվìܵĽǶԼǵֿ˵ĹϵãԺҪһЩĦûʵ۳׷ġ
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ǣһſڣסˣΪվĸͲ׻߰£ʶһˡ
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ˣҪ˽ǰףġ
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˵䣬תħķȥ
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һ죬ԵҲЩˣַס£ַ簵ʾȥʱȴַһھܾ
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ֱ洫һûġѽַһġ֮ȷвûʲôΣա

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ֻڣæһҲоЩƣصԼķ֮ʹ˳һ裬Ȼֱӽյѹڤ״̬
ڶ죬иҪȴԼء


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һ߽ѧԺʱһЩ˵Ŀ⣬һӵоλĹѧԺѾ׷׺ĴչԴ˿ַʱһʱ䣬Ⱥʱը˹
ۣȻѩħǴ󹫣ȺдһŮӵļС
ţһŮӵĺÿร޸
㻹޸󹫣ҲǸ˥ʱеŮӲмĺ˿ڡ
ڶŮͲˣУװʲôװѵ㲻޸ô
Ϊ㰡뻹֪֮ģ֪ԼȲϰݹŮӶʱͷ˸ֻۣǣ˵һ仰ʱ򣬿ַﲻɵСǣ˼ֻҪܸϴδǾͺˣ
ڶŮԶƬּһ䣺Ҳǣ
ŸӰ˵𣬾ۼȺѾԽԽ࣬ҲܷЩѧԱǵ̸ֱҳһ⣡
ַﲻɵЩЦϽӿԼµĲ޲ص鷿ȥ
ӵа˼ʵȻٲʹöҲܿ޲ص鷿֮ǰ鷿ǰַûж룬Ͻǰȥ
ַйһ֮ԵֻʱַǴߵġ
ַ֪֮ݣȴ벻ǰ컹ſҽȥԺ˵ѧԱѾҡһµĴ󹫾ﻹڸпʱַѾߵǸǰ
ְֻ޲ص鷿ñ˴޲أȴ֪òַˡ
Ͼ˼ҿԼƽĴ󹫾һַҲҲǣɵüΪΡ
Һã޲ѾַĵַڵʱֱӾͷԸһ䣺ѩħǴ󹫽ɡ
仰˲Ųһ
ַûпô߽࣬޲ص鷿˵Լ⣬޲ַԼҪͶʱ򣬺ԥͿڴӦϾԺҲûȨ谭˵ǰ̡
ַ޲ҲΪ˸һкϾ˼ҪһкҲ̫˵ȥˣң˻Լδ
ڵõ޲صַֺ֮ͬίı˵Լȫȶ֮£ӭȢݵ뷨
޲ΪˣһӻͳһСƿӣӸַ磺һšֻҪȥ󣬱ʱӵʥǿߵһֱ졪
ڵʵھԵĳ϶кܴƣĺôʱоʥľ磬ʥżӵмĺôֻа˼ĻҲ˷ѣŰɣڱҪǾ͵ȵﵽżˮ׼֮ٷá
޲ص仰ַһͻȻǰںϰؾôԼģֻû뵽ִȻܰʥ򾳽磬ֻǣʱȥϰػûнʥ򣬾ͲѿҪﵽʥǶôѵһˡ
ң޲ص˼ַҲȷ֪ԼѾڼԭʥĻؾԼ֪̽ˮսӰҲûϸ
뵽һ㣬ַԼǰʥͬʱҲпҪͻƵʥ򾳽磬治һѰ
պ޲صݸԼСƿַ뿪鷿
ֻǣһ߳ţֱһ
˿̣鷿ſ֮⣬ѾΧѧԱ
֮кܶ۵ףһ֪ǽѧѧԱͬҲкܶˣ˴ʱĽĿԼ϶д˳ݣ
һԼ鷿гȺʱͷ
мӴһС壬ѾȺԼ˹һ̬ͲѿҪץסύԼġ
ַвɵٴοЦû뵽ԼѧԺֻѿͶߣȴôĻҡ
޲鷿ǰܹС壬϶ʱ͸ŭ֮ɫƺ˵ߣѩħǴ󹫽Ժ鷿ûӣӲǼСô
ǣʱǰżѹڶԹȫй˳뿪Ժ鷿ѵǶ췴𣿣
һȣʱֹס˻ǰЩС壬ַ翴ĵҲֻ̾Ϣһ
ҲǴӱѧԺ߳ģƽзɻڴĴЩѧѧѧѧõİڼӣǰҪǲڹļӣ¾߲ѧԺˣ
ǣַ˵һͬʱһ
ԭЩ˿ַ뿪Ժ鷿λãǰַߣȴһ£ַֿһűףǰĲȻ
Ͼ޲ǹַҲǹ
Щ˿ɵﲻ𡭡
漴ַڳ⸱Ȼ֮£Χ۵ѧԱǱÿһȻﻹǷĸ̾ȴǲַĵ·ˣ
գַҲһֻǣһĹǰȴһӰĵסĵ·ֻǣַ翴ˣûСŭüͷ첽ӭȥ


ڶʮ ƺ쳾
ȶôѧԺַ翴Լǰıȶɵɻһ䣬ֻǣô˵棬ֱӺ˱ȶ֡
ʱ䣬ȶҲһӣΪƹܼԵʣü֮ѾγһϣֻʱȴԵЩǡ
ַ֮ɻΪȶõصĹϵЩֽ˼ѾԽԽæַμӱҵԵʱ򣬶ûпʱǰΪַ
ȻǱѧԱһѧԱΪĹϵʵѾ˱ѧԺԺ޲ȻеԭҲĬ˱ȶġȨ
˵ЩȶѾԽԽæŶԣô³˱ѧԺأ
ңȶһʧǣԼͶֻĵĿ⣬ַĵײɵøɻˡҲΪȶͻȻ֣ʱ˿Ͷ顣
ѩħǴ󹫡ȶƣЦЦ֪ûʱһС
ַ֪ǱȶôѧԱŹ˵ĿҲûƽϣӦҸƧĵط˵ɡ
ţȥҵɡȶ˵ͷԭȵΪ̱ҵ뿪ճˣǰңӵһȨ䡭ȨǺǣ̸ҵĹŹִ
ַȶ仰Щɬ֪ڻ˵ʱ򣬱㰴סеĳ嶯˵ͷ
ѧԱİΧ֮УַҲѾȥЩˣ˺һȶ˱ȶ֮С
һϷţȥңַʱҲƲסеɻ󣬿űȶ㲵вѪ˿磬ôֻˣ
ǰһˡȶ̾һַߣ֮󣬲Ťͷַ磬΢Цż˵Ϊʧȥ׵ĳˡ
ʧȥţַһ£漴˹ɫʱޱѿ磬Բ𡣡
һ̣Ȼ뵽ԼߵĳúٶɣðͷưźľԽԼͲѿ
һԼģôԼͬһסȶȻᱻȥʣȶʧľͲ֪û͸¶ԼʵϢ˵ȶʧȫΪԼ𣬶ʱûеõĴ𰸣
ַһֱ˽Լ⣬СĿΪú
иŬôһԸۿδ̳кľλȴΪԼͻȻҡһΪѩħǹֱӴӵóλֱӱʧ裡
ԭӻʹʱַ绹δ취ɱȻȶ˳ļ̳кľλȶϾǺ׶ӣ̳λҲ˵Ĺȥ͢ȻҲΪһ˾۹ַôȶɾͳһ͢Ĵˡ
ϾҲֻǲ鵽Լгͻûв鵽Լʵݣ
ԼȴҪһ㣬Ǿȶͬ꣡˭Ҳ鵽Լݣʱȴôز˵ģ
뵽һ㣬ַеİպɵͬʱӿ
ֵܳȶϽôǿ˴ʱʧ飬еĸӻߣֻγһ䡰Բ𡱡
ûʲôǺǡȶıƺЩƽЦһ̾ϢֻҡҡͷŵʱһЩһ㿴ˡ
ַû˵ҧ촽
ַ磬ҽ֮ס㲢ѹģҲҪѹȶŵƣЦ֪ЩȻõ˸׵صȴܸоƺһʲôæͬʱҲڿ⡣
硭ַ縴ӵ𣬵ȴȶһڴϣ˵ɣ˵Щһоࡣ
ַ˵ͷĬĬ̾Ϣһ
ȶһּ˵ֻǣǸʱ춼æÿæ˶оۣ֪ǲǹ֮æҲһһϤԣȻÿ춼ƣҲûбԹʲô
ֱ츸׶˵һرѧԺϢȥɣʱ仰Ҿ֪ζʲôʱԴֻʣ˿հףҲ֪Լôصġ
ҿʼǳʹ࣬оŬȫ׷ˣǣҪ˵ʵݺһЩҪϢҲ
˵ܿЦӦΪԼǰ;ġǣҵĵܵܣ
˵ȶַ֮ڶʱӿһᡣ
֪ܲɣСʱΪϹܼϣģǸŸɣ֮ԸͷҲΪԭҼǵõһθȥʱҵȴϣǸϻ쵰
ȶ˵۵ͻȻһ˿ҷܶ£ǽҸʳָĸ״벿֣ǿʼҾ֪㳤֮һʱ뷨ıʵ㲻ʵﵽ˴սʿˮ׼λǱȸ׻ҪߣµѩħǴ󹫾
ǸȴһˡַЩʡ
ַ磬ˣȻһʼҲô룬Ҿͨˣ̹ҵһ仰ǡƺ쳾ˣǺǣ仰ɡ
ȶ΢ЦҡͷʧȥһȨǰ;ұ㾲ϸ룬ţҾ뵽Ϊʲôæµʱܸоһʲôˡ
ʲôַʶ˻
շܶĶ
ȶ仰һǳɣȻǾ˳˼ͻȻоԭҪ׷ĲַæһϿɣõ׵ϿɣҲֻҪõϿɰˣ
Դӵõ˸׵ϿɣҾ͸оԼĿֻʱûʱ俼ǣӦ˵ľ˰ɡֱһͨʱҲһ㣬Ҳ׷Ѿõˡ
˵ȶַ磺ԣ㲻ҪΪѹҲǧҪҷҪл㣬л뵽ԼҪĵʲô
ǡ磬ʲô𣿡ַһŬƽеķӿ
а
ȶ˫Ŀ¶һδйĻȣҴڱѧԺȥЩ˷ѵʱӮȻ󣬵ȱҵ֮ұĸ뿪ĵ۶ȥϷϼҿһСùݣֻǿһСưɣ½Щʿ໥٩ȻƽȢӡ
ҵĺӶ֮ұỨʱһĸףҽ겻ʮ꣬ĸ֮ǰѾ㣬ֻȺزˣĸ׽궼Ѿʮˡ
ĸͨˣʱĹɣȽ϶̵ģܻһٶʮ꣬Ҳֻʣʮ꣬ʮУһʱܶԼʵӱѧԺҵһỰʮʱȢӣҽ
Ļĸ׵ģҲֻʮˡʮ꣬һʮ죬ÿʮĸСʱȥ˯ߵİСʱ֮⣬ٳȥһЩ£ÿҲֻܳ˸Сʱʱĸס
˸СʱΪλĻʮʱ䣬һ㣬Ҳֻܸĸദǧˡ
˵ȶһ£鲻Խ̾Ϣ̫˰


ڶʮ ŭ
ӱȶַ߳Ƿ
һ棬ΪԼĸܿƺ쳾ĸеˣһ棬ȴҲΪȶĻ뵽Լĸȡ
ȻԼĸҪȱȶĸ࣬ȴΪڻԼԺʼѻʮȴҲΪڰʮֱ꣬߳ϼҵĺۡϿǵõ˽ѡ
ֱֹ꣬Լһλȥ֮󣬴ĸȥֵʱ򣬿²еֵʱҲߣ֮Ϊ˵ʱ
űȶļ㷽ԼһȥΣȻȻܱȱȶĸ׶ʮ꣬һʮĻԼҲֻĸ׼ٴˡ
ٴ桭Ǻٰ
ңԼʦһǿȴÿһϸڶԼеůϿ»˰ɣ
ϼһȻԼףȻԵԼ游£ԣһůԼģǸѪĿɭϿŸף
ǣ뵽Ͽٻ˼ַ꣬粻ɵøоӷᡣ
ζټ˼˰
뵽ֲַ뵽ʱԼΪ۹ѩħǹϢӦҲܴؼ˰ɣ
Ҫĸ׺ʦ֪ԼѾΪ˹¶ΪԼеܸ˰ɣ
ţַеķӿȴһ¶˳嶯ڼֱȺϿ帣
뵽ԼڵλȻ⣬ʵϸûȶסֻһɭﻢĶԼַ粻ɵְǿҵͷʱѹȥ
ʱԼȶʱú֪ԼĸףôȥѾϵˣǶԼҲǰٺһģ
ǵһ㣬ַвżظԼһҪ̵ʱڱǿܱԼںЩˣ
߳ȶķ䣬ַ㿴ԭۼѧԱǵûм٣ࡣ
ЩѧԱһַȺжʱСֹţ쿴쿴󹫳ˣ
ֻ⻰һ£ʱִ˲˽һ˫˫дĪȵҲͶַϡ
ֻǣַԭͱȶĻĺǸӣһҵȺʱ͸оķޱȣʶľʹһ䣺
һ仰ĵ׵ķƣѧԱжʱһæַóһ·
ַֻ粻߹ȥЩַ米ӰԶȥѧԱҲӴ
ι˵ôˣղʱȻԵñ䣬鿴ȥɣĳѯԱߵͬ顣
ͬüͷűȶİģ̫ȷǸһǰûǴ󹫰һгɣҪǵĻǴ󹫲˿϶ΪղǸгŭ˴󹫣
ιιιô֪ϲˣԱиŮ⻰ʱͲˡ
ӰŮһۣϹ£
У󹫿϶ϲŮˣŮӺʾĻһۣѵ㲻֪󹫺Ͱݹİ𣿡
ѽѽ󹫿϶ϲŮˣҵŮӴ󹫸ۡǰ·ʱ򣬻Ӵ󹫸ۡһЩŮŴŮأ
һŮӶʱһͣʱ˵Ĺע˵Ůżʵ󹫶Ůˣݹûм޸󹫰ɣ
У㶮ʲôŮһ˶ʱһ֪顱ģصҵŮ˵ѽ󹫸ۡЩŮһĶ˵󹫵ŮôôɰôôƯءң
仰δ˵꣬ͻȻԭѾȥַ粻֪ʲôʱתԼԼʱ򣬾˹
Ҳע⵽ŮӵĿ⣬˳˹ȥͿַɫضŮӣһһ˹
ֱַ飬˭ַ֪϶ǹϷģǰ˵ȶַгӣѾŵɫҰף
ַ粢ûӣߵŮǰ΢΢شһƽʵղ˵ŮҸۣۡ˵ʲôҵŮ
Ůƺַıŵˣַ翪ڽƽһ£ȻַΪʲôǵ˵ͷϵѽ
Ůӳϣַʱ˫ۣһ˿漴ҲһŮӵʲô֣˭Ů
ŮȻûϵַԼ⣬ʶĴһ£һѾȫϲɫΪ˵Щͣҡҽ¶ǡǵ۹оŮ
оַоЩϤƺͳƵϼ֣ǱܺãллЩδǳϣҲͬлĸ׵ġ
˵䣬ַԥŤͷߣУǹɺɫѾԽԽԡ
ؿַıӰԽԽԶһȦѧԱƺûлعַѾʧеʱǰ˵ȶгһҲôסѧԱ˹
󹫡󹫸˵ˣ󹫾Ȼлˣ¶ڻعĵһ˲䣬϶ʱ˿ϲɫϸƷζַ緽˵Ļ˼״̬һ㣺˵ʲôδᡭУҪϽѯѯʸף
ѧԱĽֻĿ֮У¶ٵĳԼķȥҲʧȺ֮С

ַûκͣ뿪ȶ᷶Χֱѵϣ޲˵Ͷʱ仹Ӧѵϲμѵ
һѵģʱ˲ѧԱĿ⣬ЩҵȺУַ˺һڷ˿ͶӰ
Ⱥǰȥֱ˵Լ⡣
ͶȻû뵽ѩħǹԼԼȥо·ϵһ޴ڱһ㣬ֱԼĶ䣡
ַЩͷٴظһ֮ȻⲻΣŵǸվд̨ΪԼĴ󹫾ԥĴӦ
ǣĽʺ޵Ŀ֮Уѩħǹ뿪ѵҲֱ뿪˱ѧԺ
صۡʱַð°¿Ͷȷµ鶼ѾãȻѯʰµװĹܼңңһЩŮһжˣ
ûַӣʱһæ˵ˣһʮŮʮˡ
ַ˫ۣսµӦûǵǶ˭ɣ
Ȼǵãˡ
ܺãַݺݵһͷöȻͣҲȻᷣʮŮÿʮޣҾǣ´ٸʲôĻͲʮôˣߣ
˵䣬ַʱתԼ鷿ȥֻһԶԶôսʿùݵϰ鷿ҡ
һַŭԶȥıӰɵӣЩŮǵԹԣʮȥðЩС椽۵ƨɸ򿪻˰Ҳĺݰ
ͬʱвɵҲԼһµĶ壺ƢǺãҪǺݶɸͲԭΤٰ


ڶʮ ҵǧֶһ
ʱ鷿֮С
ӣǿ׳ֻʱҲϳһЩƣңְҵЦݵϣƺһ˿
һ˿Դڶһϵַ磬Դĸס
ʵ˵ԴȻʼݱ׵ңҲ㰾ͷĸǶߵڶӵ̨֮ȻϲûжĸףҲĸ״򷢵Ī֮С
ʧȥ˻ʹиĶزԴܰξľӪսʿùݣҲʧȥԭɫ
Ϊĸ׷ϾĸһǿĴսʿĪţҲһʲôΣա
ľԼ˵һҴսʿƹݡ
Դ»ʵǻʧȥɫùݿϼ٣սʿùݾλһƫƧСׯͲ࣬ǰȥǵÿʹ󲿷ҲǳŻʹȥģһµãһЩͺס֮⣬ù֮оҲûԭôˣ
ڽû˯ѵʱ򣬾ԼùŲӬҲǮ׬ɵӵ˼룬׺ܿȥùݵĴš
ǣһ򿪶ʱסˣͿһܼҴģվԼ죬ųʵǴսʿùô
ʶ˵ͷ
ʣùݵϰô
üͷٴε˵ͷ
ǣ㿴Է¶һɵЦݣȻԼǺãǼҪ㣬һ˰ɣ
£ûӦʱ򣬾֪ܳǿ׳ˣֱӰһ
׻ͼһ£Ͼǹ壬ҲûɶԼôǿӲɣ
ǣѩħǵı־ʱʱʧȥ˷ͷֻʣһ뷨ѵͷʢѩħǹҪԼǣΪʲôҪԼԼﲻ߸ϵĹ˰ɣ
ǣС˹ܼҰһ䣺ˣΪʲôҪСùݵϰ壿
»ַ統ʱûжôŭԼ˸ܲ⣬֮ʣ˵ǰ۵ùϰԺ͸Լһͬ˵ˣ뵽µ̬Ȳɵ΢һЩĻشһ侭Ļ֪
׳ĳѯȴôһ仰ɵҪѪĳ嶯
ǣҲް취ֻаԸԼƽأԼС޿¾Ҫعѿ
飬˹˲ĵȴλѩħǹ
ʱվ鷿еȻûѩħǹ֮ǰһŻɫħ۵СƨϵһСĴѩħǴۣϴְҵԵ΢Ц鿴ַı飬ϣַϿһЩʲô
ǡַı鼫ΪƽĿϣƺʱûԼĴ㡣
ðûˡţĹʲôأ
ʵַҲûʲôֻǿŰ¸׼õĹڰ׵ϣȻʱæĹϵϲ
ַܿĿϣ˼һ£̧ͷ仯ˣסţҿʼָˡ
һ㵡Լʲôʱѩħǹô
Ű׵ģַʱʶԼѾϲˣǱ㲻϶˵ֱҽֻһ£ûȤԺҸɣ

ԭͻûعİײٴδˣĿǰоԼＫȻңһѽһ𡭡
ַƺû㲹šҿϣĸѾȥĪţʧȥԻʹƣùݾ͵ʧȥƣǸƫƧĵطȻļƣҲӪ˶Ĺģ
ĸǱû㣬ҿԸṩչƽ̨ŵҰĽõ֣
Ҳ˵㡢ĴսʿùݣҶˣͬĻҪΪҰ£ȻҲԲ㣡
ַٴνͣعַ˵һǸսʿùݶ쾭ӪȥˣǸƫƧСطҪﻹһЩļŮų棬ûǰסޡ
һѩħǹĿģвͬ˼һ󼤶оַ˵һ˷ܵڴӦѩħǴ󹫵ı֧֣ƺѾδǰ;һƬ
Ҫ˵̫硣ַ翴ŰСǣ㲻Ϊ׬Ǯͬġ
ϰ壬ģԾܵĿңҸұ֤Ұ׵ľӪǰȱĴϰڱ֧ˣ
ַ֪ǶԼģʱæԼŵ㣺ûжļʶÿ͸״ӻʹӴʱԵ۶ѺˣЩүǵĲҵӪҿͲֵһᣡ
˵󣬰ǵ˷ܵģ
ˣⴵԼҪʵʳЧ
ַ˼ĭɵİףһ£ŵһС⣬ֻҪȸҰãǹˡţˡڡʱҲŻǮùݣȻһĻҲάһЩ
ϰ壬˵ɣһʧģһ⣬ʱ˷ܵĦơ
ǣַһ˼԰˵뷨
ʵַһ뷨ԼۡȺŮǴģȻЩŮǲ˵˽£һŤʵȴҲͬĴ̼У
ַĺܼ򵥣ȻԼĹͷԼΪʲôú׬һǮأ
Ȼ֪ԼԼ棬Լ͸ǣ
ϰ壬˵ҪӡˢһЩΰ¼
ַĽʱ͸Ͻѯʳ˹ؼ㣬˳һƨֱ̫ˣϾԲ֮ͬڣôӽʵǻɣվ˵Ϳһ⣬ͬʱЩ׵ĸҥȻ᲻ƣ
ַ˵ͷЦҲʲôΰ¼Ҳ֪˶Һܺ棬أ;Ըǣˣ˵˵뷨ɣôΪȡ档
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˼һ£ϰ壬ȻҪȡ棬ȻҪȡʤȻŹϰĸְ汾ǾӦöЩ汾ѡһ£бȽʢеļ汾Ȼٽ⼸汾ϸһ£ֱЩ汾ϸһ㣬ٽϣеİ汾ϵһװͳһӡˢֲͬϵ۳ȥ
ĺôɿԽ󻯣ͬʱǹٷȨķҲЩ汾˵ңǻԽмһЩؼȻٽеװɸܴ̼ǵ
ǣ漰˽⣬ΪǱܵĺãǿͨЩ汾ĲͬӲֵʽ͸¶һЩϾܶ˶ϰĴ˽¸е棬̻
ȻͬĻҲԾķ۸ģϾԼдôдС
ңֻǵһѣһ֮󣬿гķӦپһЩΪ׼İ汾ȻЩ׼İ汾󲿷ֶΪģڱ˵ĿγһָߴⷽɹĻǻԽܱ߲Ʒ;װ档
Ʃ磬ӵϰױǩͼᣬ߶װиӾµĴޱȣϾܶүǵƽͬȻЩһЩܱ߲Ʒ󳹵۹
ȷħÿÿزٵòƷǾͿħħƵʱ򣬽ΰӡ棬룬ֻҪɹ֮Ҫ̼ħƵͲʲô£
ңһ֮ǻ漰򣬱ꡢװ׵ꡢװһЩòƷꡣ
ʱΰӰ֮£еĲƷȻҪ̼ҵƷȻ޼ҲȻռгλ
Ű˷ܵĳƪַۣвɵԽԽȡ
һ˵ⲻƷЧӦô
ƺ뽫е뷨һȫ˵Ĵ˿˵ңгӦãҲԵڣʱֻҪųȥʵʮһٱȻֵʽ
ǰǲƷмһ˵ˣô֮ҲȻʱǾͿڰƣǿƵӰ֮£ҲȻһɿ񳱣ǵĿҲǴﵽˡ
ǣ⻹һչ֮Ǿͬӡˢΰ¼磬ȥһ˳ǽһùݳһͣ̾ղǴҵڶͻ֪飡
ȻͬҲΪǼùݵȵǻΪùӶõһǮ
ַиˣ
ⲻǸνĴ˵ЧӦô
Ȼû˵꣬һĭ֮ٴ˷ܵһΰͳ뵽˵֮УҲ˵ĵ״ӡʱǾͿҵ
еģͬУǱ³ĶҲڵһʱģ³ǵ۹ѩħǴ󹫣룬ģ±˵ĶҲֻûκΰ취
Ǹʱ򣬵۹еĲҵǵӡǣǵҲռегΰӰ֮£ǵЧضȣ
˺ڣǸȥչµҵͻǣ֮ͬһЩ֣ҲõģΪǸʱȫǿʽǣǼǡ
ȻүǵĲҵȻû£ȫľλѹǣʱõĹүǹͬ׬Ǯϵ͵Ĺүٺ١ǵ۹ӵ˽֯ѩħǴ󹫣òǡ
ȻҲܱƵ̫һ·ǾͿˡڻҵĲҵǻǲΪ
˵㽫ĵ׵뷨˵һ֣ϾһʱҲȫе˼
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̾ҰǿͬʱҲ̲סš⡭ĲǸĳɽկҵҵͷһô
ԣַ粻ٴѯ˰һ䣺㡭ĲԽģ
˭Խʲô׶ʱһ£۵׸һãȻܶǰֵĴʰ
Ǳ׵ҰĴ̼ˣַ˿ļҲһѪ΢΢һԺһУף뷨ֻܲ뷨ҪʵضһѶȣҽһװ취ֻҪסװ취뷨ʵֵѶȾͻĽͣ
˵䣬ַ粻˵Ļᣬ˵ڳڷչʱҪһЩ֣ȻǵĲƷһЩǣۣҸǣֻҪǿһ˼ǣǾͻֱӵõһֵĹ̶롣
ҳƺչЩΪߡ
ңЩֻҪٰһͬҲԵõһֵɣΪҪǣֻҪһ˷չǵĲƷҲܴߵлߵƷ֮ϵ˶ԵõӦƣ
ȻеıҪԼгĲͬ滮ҿչʱӦĵΪԼ׬ǮʱҲΪ׬ǮǾͿˣ
ٺ٣Ʒַʽסˣ˶
Ҳ˵Լ׬Ǯһ׬ǮҲΪ׬Ǯһǲʡ֧ܴ̼ǵߵǿҽȡģǰ;ȻѩһԽԽ׳
ʱ򣬾˵ȫ͸иҵ˵ȫ۹ΪԼ׬ǮͬʱҲʹǵĲƷҲ벻ǵĲƷ
˵䣬ַʱ㳤Ĵһ׷ŵĴ̼Ȼǰֱ͵磬ͳгӪĸҲŸոγɣǣֱķʽǿִͳ۷ʽ
ֱķʽʹֱԱԭĹ˿תΪߣڡΪԼ׬Ǯ֮£ֱԱҲֱӵϵֻŻԵؿչӪ
ңԽǮϵΪõĹͨԣĺôҲȻҲġ
򵥵ıȷַµЩƷߵ߰ЩƷΪ۳ȥģ߱˿ֱӻȡ߻߶õɣߺΪõߵĺôҲһʾãӶ̼˲ƷԣֱַӶȡ
۷ʽĿֲ֮ڡѵĽǮֻĿڴ
ȻǳڵĳΣֻ֮Ҫгı仯޸ƶǾͿˡ
ַ˵ȴֱӾʹסˡ磬˼ǰ뵽֮ǰĸֶѾѵ֮ˣϾ˼뻹Ѳ˿͵ҪǸơ
ַ˵ַʽȴֱӿԽƣܲ
ǣںò׻ع֮󣬱ַ˴Ĵָ˵ϰ塭ţ
ţǺǡ
ַأֹһ䣬ȴ̾һֻǰǰһЩ˹һ뵽ЩŰ
仰ַȻǲ˵ڣСֹ֮зԸ׵ˣ뷨Ѿ˵ˣͿôһʵʩˡ
ţǰ˵һ£ҲҪЩӺ˵飬סһ㣬ȥʵеһƻˣȥҰҪЩȰĹҵĸְ汾ռһ£ΪǴҵһɣ


ڶʮ 粨
Ȱ˷ܵĳȥַ֮һһɿǰԺС
Ǹ磬׵ֶ㲻ʲôԼ˵ֱҲ㲻ʲôǣƽֻֻ֪֪֡ͳӪĴŸոγɲҲƵ磬ԼĵλһеֶκͲԾͳΪҪˣ
ȻڷչЩѣһҪչȻƲɵϾһȫһ׬ǮĺʱֻҪ¿΢һȥҲңȦӵȻԽԽ׬ǮԼѩħǴڱţ̼ȻǮһҲǼһѡ
ǣֻҪȦӷչһô϶ͱⲻģ£ַҲû¢ֻҪǰǾͿˡ
ǰؾ൱ڸ˹עһΪ˼룬кģµģҲܻŸǰ߱ȽϣʱԼ񣬼ֶΰгս죬ҲЩģµܳΪԼĶ֣
뵽ַвһο
ԭֻƽȻܸоЩԽУԽ֮ǰĿ־ɭѾױǻûиһʵ̨ȻԽҲչͲȱʵⷽҲûĿǡ
ڲͬˣѩħǴ󹫣ǲΪǿԼֻΪΪ۹ĵĻҲҪдĽǮ˽ͰװԼң˭ǿأ
ҲѩħǴ󹫣ΪṩһΪʵֻ̨Ϊʮԭ򣬼ǰǳټϸܲû죬ַһʱ֮ûпǵһ
ǰ׵ĳֱӵַеЩ˼룬ַоһǿҵ泩
Ҳᵽһ־ΥľǶһʵһĸо
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ڸۡڿߵһַ绹Ǹоѹסеĳ嶯˷͵״̬֮£ǻѰһִ̼ĸоַʱ쮳
ǣûгƾԼʵڵ۶ڴĻ»ŵˣǣַھȥ
֮ǰַͿһȺæŰʲôŬѹסеɳ嶯Ȼ㾡Լƽ״̬˹ȥ
Ͼ˵ǰԼҪġ
Ѿע⵽ַжʱϽСӭȥ
ʵϣַӴ֮бƢº͵в˲ٺøУҲΪЩøУоַһûʲôƢˣвɵ÷ǣһַǾ䡰ȺŮÿʮޡ֮󣬸շһģȻٶ
ʮޡҪȺŮƨɳ鿪ˡȥԼݵ˵ؼǣȺŮʵ̫ˣ
һҪȫʮ޵Ļۡ»ܻŮͲˣĻճԣֻ֮ܰȺŮֳĶѣʩַԸĳͷǿ䵽λ
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ʱַ²Ͻַ͵ˣԸѾȥˣˡţΪĸʵڲҡ
˵ţ±ԼİŸַ磬ĵȴַ緢
ַʱ鼫ãµûж˵ʲôһۺ棬ֱʵǰ˵ʲô
ԭַѵԼţַ仰ʱһشˣ˵ǽүƷ
Ŷַ΢һ£̧ͷһɫʱ仹磬һ䣺糿ڣжǰףˣ
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˵䣬¹ӦֱַӷԸȥǣһƥ
Ը˰£ַſйǣԽй䣬ȴоļǿҵļӿԽȰڸǣһƥʱַ˵ͷɱ˹
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ò˵ڱѧԺ֮УҲѵģȻַֻһ㣬˵ҲѾˡսҲһǰңҪսĻʱ򣬿Ҳòƥˡ
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ֻǣѲرԲӶ࣬Ͼڵ۶ڳҲΪټⲻûַֻûӣв׷ȥ
ǣȻַһ㣬ƥȴĳ͸ϵսڻϾͲһεģԣЩ׷ǰַ硣
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ֻڷڿеĻҳɢȺľַҲǰĸͳҲԶַϵķΡ
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ǣڿַķ֮Ⱥ˱͸ı˷е⡣
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һ⻰ɫʱ䣬һĸϽϵ࣬΢΢¶һ˿Цݡ
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ȴûбֳʲô˳㻹ɫĳһۡ
ȵȺһַ¶һǸ⣬ǱǸˣҽеľͿһ㣬ողŷλں׷ôʱ䣬͸ϽͣλһǸ
ͳʹһ£ԭΪѩħǹΪԼһȺ˵ġ١ŭȴ벻λλĴ󹫾ȻԼЩ˵Ǹ
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仰һ£һͬڵص϶ʱ¶ֿЦݡ
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Ҳַ仰˵һʱǰɫһ۵ǸһںڰеӰʱˣֱʧ
Ǹڵصĸͳһ仰һϽַһ󣬲ɢȥˡ
ʱַŻתͷǸ䣬ѾȥԭϵǸʧĺһ


ڶʮ ִԲ
ʱ鷿֮С
ˣҹ۲죬ѩħǹòϵȷ֮ǰǸˡ侲Ͽʲô飬ֻǣ˵ȴ΢΢üͷż˵ֻǣϻ̬ϣȴǰǸ˲̫Ǻϡ
˵仰˱㲻ٿڣȴ̲סЩɡȻʱ䣬ԭַѽģΪһʮԼ̵Եʣ˵ַģģϻǼǵôһ㡣
ǣǰַѾǸС֮УǸСĶȥûǿҵʾ֮£Ѱѵַ翴ˣֻΪѩħǴ󹫵ӡеַ࣬Ż˵仰
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š˫֮и˼ɫһ£Ż˵㿴һжҡ
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ûС˶Ȼشѩħǹʱһƥڵ۶зɱĵһҾ͸ϽҾĸȥڰϸĹ۲
ô˵ϵıʱͷ
ҵᷢңͲұ¶ȫʵٷɱҲģǺʱһȥѲرҲĺ棬һ֮ͻȻͣ
˵˵ϸһ˿죺ҾһϸϸĹ۲ԭΪŭѵȺ۵Ѳرһ٣ϾһȺ˲Եɵĸƨɺ棬˭˭ᷳοǵλѩħǹҵϣǵûѵЩˣƢõĶȺ˵Ǹ
Ǹüëһ߹ĹȻЩͨǸ
˵˵ͷֵĵطǰǸˣԷâ¶˵ҲЩ壬Ƣƣ˵ǵǸѵһȺ˿¾Ͳķ񡭡
ˣ˶ǻģȥԸһЩҲûʲô΢΢ҡҡͷ
˼ˣͻȻüˣһֱãһ˵Ըô䣬ȴѸı䣬ҵָо֮ǰǸ˸ȫһ
ţ֪ˡ˵ͷһ£˵Ҳ⡣Ͼ鵽ϱ֮ǰǸˣΣƾϺĳǸǺϡǵԭƻͲظˡ
ǡˡƺЩԥ˵ϾѩħǴ󹫰Ǹ˵Ļǵˣ
ߣЩмȻǹûκε̻ۣҲõʲôһռӣʲôµģеĹ彻ַǸʱûгĽ飬˭ҲҪԸң
ԡ
ˣһȥţûбˣȥɡĪĹâ˵һ䡣
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߳鷿˵вɵЩӣ뵽ѩħǹǰǸˣ͸оһ
ַ֮ǰҲûʲôˣڡֲַԼǸʮ֮Լǣ̶ʱ䣬ַѾӵƽֱӱѩħǹȥַݲ˵ڵıʵ˾ûʲôա
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뵽˵оͲӿ
ԸѩħǹǸˡ
ֻĬĬ˵ôһ䡣
ʱַڰǹܴӡ֮󣬾Ƶڵ۶й֮ǰȻ˽ڿԼһǸԼܳʱ䡣
ΪصļãԼʱҲûֳ㹻ľ۲ˣԣַ粢ûп˵ò
û˵òַҲ֪ȻǺˣϾ½ϣҲֻкԼìˡ
ߡҪȷҾǰǸַôһƫƫͲ㣡
ǽҪеԴҲ͸¶κһܣ
ȷȷȥɣ

ת˴ԼСʱʱ䣬ַԭ˷ܵҲ͵ԼȥһֹСʱʱ͸оЩζ
̧ͷ˿ɫ͵ʱ仹磬ַ˼һ£ȥ¾ƹ￴һִʦ
˵ִʦʵǰԼܶæƲȥҲ˵һʯ㹻Լлˡ
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ûЩħĻڻ·ϣԼһȺڶЩ˵ˡ
ԣַһֱԽĻм
Ȼص۶Ҳмʱˣֻ⼸춼̫æͳ鲻ʲôеʱȻʱ䣬ȻӦȥһˡ
ǣַͷ¾ƹݵķǰͬʱӿռָѡ˼嵱׼ε͸ִʦ
һһ谵ľƹݣ֮һ˿ͶûУһԵĽܵһģʱ仹һһ㡣
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һַ磬϶ʱ¶еЦݣϽӭǰȥѩħǴ󹫼СƹݣҸеޱȵܳ
װĽܵ£ҵĺѣ˵ʵ̫ˣַ¶ĵЦݣĸ˽ܵһӵ
ֺ˼䣬ֱַ⣺Ƚȥʺһ°ִʦȻٸ㳤̸
ȥɣʦҲһǳ˵ġܵЦŸַÿ˵·
ǣ˳խխĹַ㻺ȥʱ򣬾Ϳɢ¯Աߣ¯вǳڻĲˮһ͸ɫҺ壬ð̡
ڽԣһĽܻ˫ֱַۣǰûκζֻ۵΢һ˿УҲֻһ˿ѡ
¯еҺ壬ַȻ֪ʲôÿʱ򣬶ڶҺ壬ֻÿѯʣҲ˵
һַҲһûϴŽ񣬶ǰվһԣصȴš
ֻǣȴתַʱԸһοſͣƺ׼ַк
ǣ˵ʲôʱɫȴͻȻ䣡
ֻһԵĽַܻ磬һҲͬʱɫ䣬üӦʱ򣬾һ·̾ϢһС֮У֣ôȥˣ㻹ִԲ򰡣


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·̾Ϣһ϶ɳƣܴ͸˵һ㣬ȴȻׯ磡
£ַ߲ԶĵطһģӰڿиֳһԵĽܻʱͷӦþǰһʲôˣ
һǰǳһɫôλðǹ㸡ڿ֮Уһĸоٶȳַǰ
ַҲǳһӵа˼йٵ̶ԶԶͨˣȻûп飬һֱɢڷ֮Уһ紵ݶȻڵһʱ
ǣ˵ĳַ·Ԥһ㣬һôƾճˣַоԼ޷þˣ
˾ô׵ĳ֣˭ûвֱƾǰһ̣˲Ȼ
ܻ°ɣ㵲סֵɫѾָֻ˫֮ȴһɲ֪Ĺâ仰˵꣬ȵľͷ֮оʹ˽ܵżʦҲƫƫ
ֻǣ仰δ˵꣬𣺡ˣҵĺӣⲻ㣬㰲Űɡ
˵ţתͷܻӣҲȥɡ
ǡܻɫһ˵ʲôһֱִϣȥɣҲﲻʲô
ҲʱǸģҲѾΪʵ塣
ַע⵽һļΪ͵ˣĿɫزסģһֻ첲֦һ㣬ֻƤͷϣһ͹ŹֵȨȣ絶һӡϣҲΪͨ
ֻǣһȴǲСͷϵļҷ޷ԶͺʲôΧһ㡣
ΪҪǣַȻԼоĴڣһķеϢڸôվԭأȴ·ΧĻֱΪһ壡
ң񻰣ַҲԾܵµסζʲôҪ֪ܵȻûнйκֳõɱʥ֮µκˣζǰۣһܹεˣһλʥǿߣ
һλʥǿ߰ǶԼҲʲôˡַ̲סЩ̾
ͬʱҲһȻ˵뷨
ǰһνӴʱַ֪Ľضֻһͨˣýܻȥһ仰ȻҲ¶ʵ
Ҳʥǿߣ
ʱԸĽֻܻ̾һȻãûټ˵ʲôĵһۣͳ滺ȥ
ֻھַߵʱַԷܻǱ˫Ŀ֮Уƺһ˿Ѳġֻ
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ַʲôʱͨ˾Ϳڽˣֻǣ̾Ϣһ㣺֣û뵽Ȼڵ۶Ҳ֪㵽˶ţΣյĵطȫĵطֻǣӦû뵽ҵ˰ɣҵǺడ
˵䣬㶢¯еҺ壬̾ôôִԲء
ִԲ򣿡ͬƵϸһ˿Ȼ̷鲻ͬ׷Ȼͬ˵ִԲ򣬵˵ԼΪǣ
ֻһλΰ飬Ǿǹ񡣡˷·𲢲ĻɲΰĹ֮⣬ĶǶħȻִԲ򣬿һǱѡ񡭡ֻڹչ֮еõˡ
ٺ٣ô㶼ҵĶ֣ΪһʲôôֲŭЦֻǣЦ֮ȴһɳ
䣬ͻȻտڲˡ
ַ˿Ȼûи׵׷ʲô飬Ҳ֪ǰֵĵˣﲻԾľͶųͷңһ伸Ե֮ĻƺϾΨֻйˡ
˵ַͲʲô飬ȴܿƱ˲ţһеԼҲȻб˵ȴܷǵñ˸ͬһͬ
˼άʽԵҿЦ
ԣ˵һ仰˵꣬ʱַһɱ⣡
ֻǣͷȻһʥǿߣƾԼʵǰͲãһ㿼ǣַʱûне뷨ϣ侲ʵ˭
ַ΢΢һۣȴûлش𣬶ǽĿһֱͣڰֵϣƺͲҷȻ˵İԵֻһͻܣУ԰ƺЩɵ
Ȼ˵û˿¸ͲĶ֣
ַҲע⵽㣬ΪĵҲڷһЩǱ㲻˵Ŀš
ƺûôţ˲شַ磬شôΰĹ̻ʱ¡СѣվԶһ㣬ڹսǴŰɣ飬ܿףǶҲǼкôġ
ֵ仰˵ƽַĶУȴһ¾ɴ۾
ò˵ȴΪԵͷӣȻǹ̻ʣȻǸƿżȫʹˣǸ
ȻôһϢĳ֣ۣżʥǿ߶ҪֺõİִʦҲΨһһԳ֮ΪĽ
ϰִʦĸԭ򾿾ʲôִʦ֮䵽ʲôìܣ
ǣ֪ԼǽĶ֣ȴΪʲôҪһϽأ
һַ̣ĵ׼ֱʣǣҲ֪֮ȻᷢһսԼȥһ˲ͻᱻɱԣȻŲɻ󣬵ʱҲñţĺһ仰󣬱ԶԶ˿վȵıԵϣעųС
̻ʵϿʲô飬Ĭ˺һ̾Ѿ̫ˣõóһôңôȥˣħһֱҲܴܵӰ죬ҿܻΪһôǽ꣬һķϣĲɱ㣬ֻҪİѷħĸӡҾͷһ·
ٺ٣ˣҲһˣȻûмãڵ״̬ɱôЦȻһŹ̻ʡ
һ䣬̻ʶʱһüͷ㻹ҩɾȰ
˵ţ̻ʵͻȻӿһɰɫɰɫΪְ֣ͬԱʥİ׹⣬һֺȵɫֵİɫû˿ĹâйôȻͷ·Ȼһ㡣
ɰɫ·һѣôڹ̻ʵϣ̬忴˲١
Ҳһ̣̻ͬʱǰ̤һҲһȹսǴַܵһɴпԹ̻Ϊģӿ֮ƣ˷ǵذֱӳֿѹȥ
ִ˿̲ϵһԻǵ˫ͻȻŷһɶĿľâֻûʲôʱ򣬾̻ʰ̾һȨȣﻺ˵ΨһĹâҫĵطʱؽܵ޴Ӱ졣


ʮһ ʥ֮ս
̻һ仰ڵƫƫһһַУһ޴һݺݵϣÿһֶ·һεϯ
һַֻ̣ΧĿ·һ㣬ֱоؿڷƣʹȵĹսǴ˵λ˵˵ԶҲԶҲʮҵľ롣
ʮ׵ನַоǹ̻ʵĿִ꣬ʦȻ͸˵ˣ
ֻǣŹ̻һһ³ۿһ˳ȥ󺣿һ㣡
仰ÿһֶ̺żǿһɫХֱӳֵȥȴ˿Ӱ죬ָ̧һ㣬ͼͬһɫɫʴָƲ󣬵ָ̻ʵһ˲䣬㻯ΪһųƵ
ֻҲû˿йֻһɫȴûκεĹâ
ңĽӽʱͷ·һ㣬ǰٶԽԽֺ͹̻ʵĶҲ
սǴַһ㱣͸оԼǰ·һӰһ㡣
ֻֽŶϢķΧȴᣡ
ȻǰٶҲཻһ̣ųײһĽĿռ䣬ʱģֱŤΣĿռڵ嶼һŤ
ǣײȴûзһ˿һһж֮ɣɾЧȴַоһɼ˵ĳѹ֣һֻ̣ô˵ӴȻһɾκˣֱӳ˷ӿ
һɾͻȻӵа˼ʵַûܵĻᣬֱӽ˽ȥ
һַֻ̣оԼ·ޱߵĺ֮УΧȫǷ˳سϯԼֻǺһҶСۣʱбƷΣգ
ɫҰףоԼľѾƵٱˣ
ֻɸоÿȥҲ죬ֻһ˲ʧӰ٣Ҳֻһ˲䣬ַ糢ζ
ԶˣȴҲʱ˱仯
˶ܵ˳Ӱ죬׷׸Ժִʦһץռʱһ㱻ץסһץסĿռճϵɫâ絯һ㳯̻ʵؿڵȥ
֮ռ価Ť
ֻ̻ĽȨԼǰȻᵭдǰһƣͿռͬ˰ɫͬڰŤռĹһȴһˮһ㣬ɫĿռγһ˹ȥˮ
һΣսǴۿŵַѾһξ飬ڿ໥ײһ˲䣬ʱϽ˼˵˹ս֮ڣţܵһεֳʽֱٶϯ
ֻһڹս˽ûжַӰ죬ֻٲನܵӿ͸оӭһҵĿ硣
һַֻ̣ԼΪʵ㲻ʲôⲻ˵ԿռΪĹ֮£ԵôС޷
ԶԶֿռ𵴾ȵģ˵ĹǰĿռ𵴼ֱǶϷ
ǿеĳַҧҧϽٴ̽ͷ˵ķȥλʥǿߵĴսǿģԼӦóֵİպʱϸһ¡
ײȻù̻ʺͰִʦֳʤײһ̣ѾٶԷ˹
ֻǣѾŵӰ״ֱ̬ӿԽٶȣ˿ŵӰ״̬
ַ˼ֱͳƽĹļٶȣӰϵԭطײÿײһ£ûκײһжϢֻǣÿһײλãȴռĶݱΡ
ҲһµײƳֱϯֻǾġơӲƴѾȫֵĻ˶ԷϣԭƳನѾٵַԳܵĳ̶ȡ
ÿһನַоѪһӿ
ǿַӿĸоϸ˲ϹӶĿռ仯ͬʱҲȥ׽˼ٵĶ
ֻǣ˽Ƿɿ̴٣ֱַĿϾӣտ֮ʱѾײˣ
ʱĶѾͶ뵽սеַȴûз֣ĲԶһĽܻѾֻǣܻȻҲܵǰζ־޴ĳͲټǰ
ֻһСĹ򣬳ϵٶȷ˱仯
ֻһɾ޴ΪĵܳʲƵʽɢַͷһϢĸоӭһԥؾսǴȥַܻ˳ʱԼҲϽȥ
ַ˵սǴһ˲䣬۽ǵ鵽ɢĲȽӴǽھǱһĵиһ㣡
еȻҲǷ仯ͻȻĬı˴˷ֿסһɢüɢĲʧڿ֮С
ȷǶˣɢĹ㶼ûܿסʹȫѵͲ䷿ݵô
ͻȻ˰ִʦŷЦַһǹɢѾʧæٴսǴ̽ͷȥ
һ̽ͷʱͷֽյСڣӽǽѾűǹɢĲпһ϶϶ͬǽڵƣõ˶һ㣬⻬ƽ
Ǻڲģ·ԭӣ
ͬʱַҲΪԾ
ʥôֱͳԼʶΧ
һ̣Ҳע⵽ԭΪǿߵİִʦѾһ˿ѪɫͷҲԵЩɢңϵ·֪ʲôʱҲƿ˼ӣһȥҪǱжǱ
ΪߵĹ̻ʣȴ˿ûб仯ֻ޷Զҷ֪ʲôʱ򱻰ִʦȥһ飬ɢ˵ϣһеģִʦ㽫еȨȳһ壬ɳƵٶ𣺡㽻֣ҸһֵĻѾˡ
˵̻ͻȻѹңҵķݵҲͬôȻͬģǷݾ;ᵹ
һԿŵַ翴ǱģɵЩļҲ֪ڵʵ޷֮ͬʱҲע⵽ִʦȻЩǱ˫ǵ֮ȴŵĹâʲôʤؾһ㣬Ҳֻʱ
˵ĶԻַвЩƣĺúõģôְѻˣѵֻ·ݱ֮ᱻ˿
˵ִʦ±˿ҵɵĻǹ̻µʲô
˶񣬾ûм̻ʵģпϳǿӰ֮£ûжʵҲԥվڹ̻ߣ
ǿѹ֮£ǰִʦʲôϱضҲҪܼѹ
ô˵̻ʱ˿ռƣôֻẦʲô
ַ˼֮ʣ̻İִʦЦ˵޷ʹȫԣһǰֻͽͰˡ
ͽͣôأ̻ͻȻЦֻɳƵȥЩëȻڼֻʣ±ʵˣͲҵĶְ
˵ţ̻ͻȻڵϵİ𣬶ᵭдǰһƣͿǰĿռ֮ǱһĪЩʵִʦӰӳԵЩƮһּʵĸо
ַ翴ͻȻһǿҵĴоǰִʦһεסһ㡣
һִʦԭȵЦʧ¶ɫɫɫͻȻӳȥֱٴһ
̻ǰƵĶҲɫɫʵֹͣǰǱסһۼǰƣ͵һͿԭĿռ伱̻ʵ£ͬȥɫɫҲһ
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ֻһȴùսǴַᵽһɼΪܵĸо
Ϊ˾վλҲʮң˵˵ʵһ˲ܵʮ׿ĵطǣڹ̻ȴһֱںˣǹɱɫɫҲһֱǰ
һ̶̣ʮҵķγһԶĿռ䣬̻һֱڼٺˣȴԶﲻʮ׿Ĺս֮һ㣡


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ڼԭһַ֮Ѫ߿ʥĺ塣
νʥֶξǲٿؿռ䣬̻ʴ˿̾ͷ·޽ռһֻǼľ룬ȴ·Ҫ㶼޷ԽڷɳۺˣȴַΪһֱվԭأʹûƶһ㡣
ǹɱɫɫҲͬǰֻٶٿ죬Ҳ̻һ˿һ
ִʦУֱһֲֻϵسָָ̻㣬ͼӳĿռ֮иһһɵĲ𵴣ɲƲģռЧһá
ֻǣֿռ˹̻ʣȻԶĿռ֮мܣֻΪЩ𵴵Ĳɧţ˵ٶҲܵӰ죡
žԼԽԽɫɫʣ̻ʵӿһİɫۿһݻ٣ɴӲһ
һ̣ռָ̻ʻԭȵǸλãɫɫҲӭ˵ϣһ¿ռӳҲֻʱͷų޹âİɫзѡ
ɫɫɫӴһ̣ûκ䶯еֻǿռܵ˼ƺѾŤ˼ޣ֮һռУŤռеʣǿҵļѹ֮£Ҳһ˲䶼Ϊ˷ĩ
ִʦʱ򲻵㿪ռŤУֱӳĹ̻ȥڽӴռеһ̣ɫɫʴֱӽռдݻ٣ָѾҪ̻ʵĶͷˣ
ҪǣָϣһСɫɫʣɫʷ·ӵмҪΧĿռ䶼һ㣡
̻ʵ¶һ˿࣬һ˲䣬ͷǲɫΧĿռ䣬ƺǾ޲ѹصȥйɺصĸо
ɫڽӴѹصİɫ֮ȴҲֹͣǰˣִʦͻԤϵһ㣬ָѹȥͬʱһֻֻ״ֱӳ̻ʵǰһ¡
һɫɫʣ˿ռ֮У̻ϵһȴֱʧȡ֮ǲм˫֮УѾһɳ
󣬾ͿİɫȻǣռʱ˵һ㣬ɱǵİɫ֮͵ص˳ȥ
ִʦʱѾ֣ڵһʱͬǳɫɫռ䣬ȴһ
һǿĵ˵ʱȥɫɫĵһЩǶʱͽԶԶܵɵԵãִʦػһ³һѪ
̻ȻǲŹᣬȨֱӳִʦȥռһ˲һִʦ˾ͿУѾ¶һɳɫ̧еȨȾĳִʦȥ
ʱеȨѱŨİɫͬݵĿռ䣬򵥵ҡǳǿѹΧĿռһ˺С
ִʦȻԴУɫɫֹռݣɫɫǳ̻ʵȨȷӵȥҪֹסȨȵļҡ
ֻɫɫʸ͵ֵס̻ʵңǽӴһ̱ͱȨϵİɫֱӸѹ˻
һͻȻԶַ缸ûзӦȻʱôȥƿռ䣬Ҳóִʦ˷ѾסˣɵΪ̻ǸŨɫȨֻҪڰִʦϣǰִʦԵֵס
ۿ̻ʵȨҵִʦǰַļֱᵽɤϣ
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ȴڴ˷
һСƬɫɫӰִʦڷֳҪϸ۲ͺע⵽һСƬɫɫȴǴױȵľ޴ǰûʲôܹ赲ԭѾҵִʦǰȨȣȴֱӾͱƬɫ˳ȥңԸٶȷ̻ʣ
̻ʶʱɫ䣡
Լٶȳȥڵһʱ䷴ӦƬɫƬȴӭȨȣȨȱŨɫȻֹɫƬǰڵһʱͻΪ˻ҷɣ
ɫƬ䱡Ȩ֮ȴȻûм֣ۿʹ˹̻ʵָ
ַû뵽һ˲仹ǰִʦΣһȴͱ˹̻ʵΣɵţֻҪǱɫƬ̻ʵָҲڵһʱ佫Ϊҷɣ
ʱ򣬹̻ʵָ͸һɫϣɫϲͬɢְɫһִףǲκʡؼһɫһ㣡
ɫƬײⴿϣʱͽϻ飬ǣɫƬҲú·ʱСϨ𡱵ΣգǼ̻ʵָȥֻΪǵϵҲٶӻһ˿
ӻһ˿˹̻һᣬָȥһ˲䣬һٴεɫƬ֮ǰ
һ̣ɫƬٶ봿ײֻһɫƬ鴿ϵͬʱҲڡϨˡ
⾪յһֻ̣ڶ̶̵һ˲䣡
ַ翴ﲻЩд
ԼǸռ𵴵ԭ˿ƿռֶΡ˵ļ˼֮׷ǡĻô˼ż۷׷ľǡʡһʥǡʡֻǡ·ԵòҪˣҪǶڿռĸߵͣ
ѪߵĻеﶼеĿռ켣ôǿ󣬴ռʵ޷ģǣֻҪӵ˿ƿռı죬ǿǰҲκã
ʥǿɱʥ֮κ˵ĵֱִ
һʥǿ߶ԾǰĹִ̻ʦͲٵĸߵǿеĹУٿؿռйأ
ǣҪ˵ٿؿռĸߵͣȴʥǿĴСܲɷֵĹ
ۿ˰ִʦ̻λʥǿߵսַȻʥ֮սơ
˵ʥǿߣѪҲ˵ʥǿ߲ӵֻҪƽ࣬˵òѽϣȻѾҪﵽʥǿߵޣ
仰˵˶ȻҪѪߡ޲ɪջʱ䳤Ȼ˵֮䵽˭ʵǿ󣬵ǰִʦǹ̻ʣôãȻǳʥǿ߾ȵġ
磬ԼͻƵʥȻҲܲݿռ䣬Լ߿˵ɶ;Ȼûִʦ͹̶ֳ̻ȣڶԿռ֮Ͼ͸˵Ķ֡
Ҳ˵ٿؿռĸߵͣȡǿȡðִʦ͹̻˵Ļɫɫʣ̻ʵְɫɫʷֱ˲ݿռĻ
ÿһ뵽ռ֮УǿڿռãռһС򣬽СӳȥÿռĻӳȥ˾ͿԱǿ
ӳСһǿ׳ĳˣȫͬӣ٣ȻСͶĸԶ
ǲݿռߵ͵壡
Ȼӷսĳ̻ʡҡһºͰִʦɫɫʷͲѿڲٿؿռߵϣִʦǲ̻ʵģ仰ǰִʦĻȹ̻Ҫͣ
Ҳ˽ֵʱΪʲôִʦǱ̻ʷ·ûܵʲôӰԭˡ
Ľ֣Ҳֻ˵̽ѣĽǴ˶Ի󣬹̻ʽڵϵȨǰһƵһ̿ʼ
˵ǸְԵ֮ɫƬʱӰִʦڷĻִʦͲǹ̻ʵĶ֣
ǣɫƬʲôȻôԵƿ˹̻һһ˲ֱӽȨȻΪɻң
ǹ̻ͷųϵĻԼҲᱻɫƬΪҷˣ
ֵĴҲȺɫƬͻ㣬Źͬˣ
뵽ַ粻ɵó˿˹ȥ
ʱ˶ѾԶԶķֱֿڷжǽڱԵѾûҲȥûпסǽиһۼ֮⣬ذϵĳһѾĿռн˷۳¶һڵĴ󶴡
ִʦ¶˼Ϊƣ飬ԭƺ˼ƣȥ·˼꣬Ĺ̻ҲòȥֻǣǿڰִʦĵطɫȥҪȰִʦࡣ
ֻǣڷֱͷɫƬʹ֮󣬶Ե쳣ƣ룬ʱֱǽϣ·Ϣ
ַ翴ͻȻһʶԼб󷽿ȥͿ֪ʲôʱܻӰѾעŰִʦ͹̻ʵķзǵûиеĵţһ˿εĿȣ
϶¶һĿ
·ûע⵽ַһ㣬ɽĶųϵˡ
ַ翴һ֮ǰڽܻȥʱ￴˿ֻжڽܻӡһֲ뷨
ֻǣʱ򣬹̻ͻȻ̾һ̲ס
ַϽĿתȥʱ򣬾Ϳ̻ʻվֱӣŶɻǽϵİִʦſͣɳƵ̾Ϣû뵽㻹ʹóħôȿȡҺܺ棬㵽ھжأ


ʮ ôˣ
ж٣ٺ٣ǡ
ִʦЦһҲվֱӣֻվֱӵĶȴԵЩǿ
̻ʿ̾ϢվѾˡټҴȥôĲϣҵԣ㻹ԼѷħĸӡҰɡ
ٺ٣룡ҾǱɱҲύ˵ĸӡִʦܵʲô̼һ㣬¶ı飬޺޵Ϊƾڵ״̬ܰɱ𣿱ˣһûʹһأ
ȰִʦҵԴǣ̻ʵƽƺЩź뵭ķ̣ڵ״̬ѾҵĶˡңһΪ㻹ʹóһ㶼Ѿվ
̻һ䡰ѡִʦĶɫһ䣬һֻһ˲ִָֻֻʦͻȻ侲һͬѹ̻ʵǡҲѾûȨȣʧȥ˹һļӳ
仰̻ʵĶУĬ˺һ¿ڵ֡ĲϽô
ȻִʦȻ
̻΢΢ҡҡͷѯʵȰ÷ħĻḴô㿴磬ڶʲôӣΪ廹ܸôΪ绹ص֮ǰôҲһˣеı仯㶼ѵȥһ꣬㻹ô
ִʦɫ࣬ȴû˵ضŹ̻ʡ
̻ʿһĵȰ˵Ҳ֪֮ǰ紦޾ʱڣǸʱֻǧ꣬ӭ˹ʱڣڹʱڵʱû᷵ص޾ʱҲַ֪չĹǲתģ
ʱڴһǧӭĩչʱڣĩչʱڶȥһˣǻصʱÿһѰɣħˣٶȸˣ
ҴӲܿܲܣֻ׷Լ綼ŷҺθɣ
ִʦͻȻڴϹ̻ʣ˵䣬һ£żڣ֮дһɲɶҡļᶨɻֵģֱҵսһ졣
֡
̻˿ò˶೤ʱ䣬ҪˣһѣǾҪӭոµĹʱڣʱﶼֵףڲɱ㣬Ǹʱ򣬷ħ͸ܸңҲڵһõľ
˵̻ͻȻ̾˿ǶˣĲ뿴һҵꡣ
ٺ١ִʦͻȻֹЦʲôʲôϵϻˣҪȡ͸Ͻɣһܲ˳ߣ
֪ҪĲִʦĻ̻ʵҲӲ
ִʦȻ壬ãҪǱҪĶ
ðɡ̻ʵ֮жһ˿Σ΢΢˵ͷһˡôȰ㶼ֻͽͰ
£̻ʵӶȻʧԭأִʦˣ϶ʱһ࣬Ϳ֮һοռһ˲̻ǰҲУֻ״̬һ˲һ±
Ҳһ˲ĹðִʦӦ˹һ˲䣬ûжܣǳԶǸ¯һ֣Ϳ¯ð̵͸ŵɫҺ嶸Ȼʧһ̣Ѿ˰ѿռ̣ǰĹ̻ǰ
һ˲䣬̻ʾѾ˰ִʦǰֻǰð̵Һ֮ʱ¶صɫͲҺײֻóһȥ֡
ִʦͲܵĻᣬֿҺ峯̻׷ȥ֮ĿռһٶŤȻڽ߾ȫⷽĿռĿȨ
һ̵ĹҲͬʱ뵽Ƭռ֮УֻʧȥȨȵĹ̻ƺʵɫȻִʦɫ¡
˼䷽ĿռѾŤĲټŤֻǣִʦüͷһ𣬷ԵЩ̻ʻҪ϶Ϯð̵ҺܣҲòȥ
һʱ䣬˾Ȼƽɫ˭Ҳκβ˭
ַ緢֣ð̵ҺȻڲϵ׷ܵĹ̻ʣҺȴҲڻӷһ㣬϶ϼʱ䣬ҺСһ롣
ִʦҲʶȥͲǰ취ɫһݣ̻ʳǰȥ
˶ΧռٿصᣬһּҺ׷̻ʣһֻһץɫɫʴʢʱͽ̻Ŀռ価סһƬռ䡣
ͬʱ̻ҲӮΧռĲٿȨǿһԱɫɫķռһŽҪǰҺ壬аִʦһǰƣʱɫ䣡
һΣԶַǿ˵Ĺ
Ȼַ粻Һ嵽ʲôȴװִʦһܾ˵Ĵ򷢣һַס̻Ŀռ䣬޷ܹȥһֲٿҺ׷ȴҲΪΧռĲٿȨֱ˹̻ʵƿطΧ֮С
˵Һй̻ʣǹ̻Ҳһ˲ֱΧռ佫ˣ
̻Ҫִʦ˵ĻȻҲᱻҺУ
ִʦڶģĹ̻ʾӭҺĹ
ʵҲ̻ۼˣɫͬʱ۵Ҳһ˿գһ˲ĹٵĳȥһȻܹҺĹҲʧȥ˶Χռƿء
һҺûлй̻ʣڰִʦĿ֮£ʱͳԼ˹ȥֻǣ̶һĹҺѾֻʣһ㣬ɵִʦϵʱ򣬾ֻвĴָôСˡ
һҺ壬һڽִʦ֮Уʱ
ù̻ľҺ嵽˰ִʦϣȴ·鵤ҩһ㣬һ˲Ĺ򣬾ϳһɣȥļ·Ҳֹһ㡣
ʱִʦԥĳ̻ʳǰȥԭ֮ûмľ룬ƾٶȣһ˹ȥ˲͵˹̻ʵǰӭ̻ʵ˫֮УȻٴηƬɫƬ
ֻƬɫƬһִʦһҺʱʧԭû֮ǰԵûҪƣ
̻ۼɫƬɫѾѿӭƬƬ˫ǰٶȳִϣһһ־ĵϵһƬƬȥ
ȻٶͷųĵϣҲΪƣֻȴҪȰִʦɫÿࡣ
ֻǣĵԵøϾ˼ˣ
ִʦ¶һ˿Ȼһţһϸĺɫٳ̻ȥ
³һɫϸʱһ¾ͱףɭɭҰ׵ɫһ㣡
ɫϸٶȼ죬쵽ܴռ䣬ĸϸոӭƬɫƬʱСĺɫϸѾ˹̻ʵǰ
һ̣̻ʵϲûоŭһ˵ܻſ³һֵʱǺɫϸѾϢڡ
һ̣һж·ˣʱҲڣ
Ϳ̻ʵ壬ͬڣһ鲣ˤ˵ϣƬʧ˿֮УǸɫϸҲ˳
ִʦԵ֮Ѿվסˣ·þȫ̧һֻ֣ǿһյĶͣڿеǸɫϸҲһ·أ˰ִʦ
ֻһִʦҲֲס˵ϡ
⼸һ˲䷢飬ַĵһӦǡ̻ˣųĴˡӵмȫͽϼһˣ粣ˤһˣ


ʮ ʥʹõ
һͷմлַʱ㾪ѹ˲˼æڵϵİִʦ˹ȥ
Ϊ̫żԵʣûע⵽ԶĽܻ¶һ൱ӵı顣
ִַʦߣһƨڵϣϽִʦֻǣҲ֪ż֮л㱣оִʦƮƮġ
ַֻ˼ЩΪİִʦΪɫףһѪɫûУԭƺһ˲ֶƤҲš
ַ翴ͬʱ̲סһᣬæһִʦ
Ǻǣ֪п϶ɻ󣬵żңղЩ㶼𣿡ִʦ̧ͷַ磬Եġ
ַע⵽ִʦĿ⻹񣬲Ƶ֮˵ֻɢбһִʦѯԼĵһȻ仰ﲻɵøоЩ£ԶƬ̣ǰο˵һ䣺ִʦҿˣȱ˵ʹȥҸۡõҽʦ
˵ţַͱŰִʦվȻûдӰִʦϷһ˿˿ڣһʥ֮ĽȴֽԶԶϵܵҲȻô򵥣򣬰ִʦҲԵˡ
ֻ˵ûиִ̻ʦ֮ʲôɻĳޣȻҪȥΪʦǲˣΨһ뵽ģҲֻʣҽʦˡ
ǣִʦձַ籧𣬱̧һַֻǰ΢΢ҡҡ˵ûãȥֻϢһӾͻö
˵䣬΢΢һ£ű˵㷽ſģ⵽ȫҡ
ִʦַվЩ̣أԺһִʦе˿ǿֻ̾˿ٴζִʦķ˵ϣһ飬˵ʲôһԷӦĽܻ˹
ʦǡǲӦ뿪ܻȥЩţȴβеĹġ
ַʶĿ˽ܻһۣͿ΢΢ǳɫͬʱַҲע⵽ܻǹػ뵣ǵı֮£һֱ飡
ܻȻҪַϼַ꣬㲻հڽߵġˡȵģܻȻεĺܺãַ绹Ƿ۵׵һ˿
һ㣬ַвһǣʲôʱ򣬰ִʦ΢΢תͷ˽ܻһۣ˻ֱʾްӣûϵȫĵطȳȥɣҪַС˵ϼ䡣
ǣʦܻΥ˵ͷĿ˰һְۣĿתַϡ
ַظһǸ񣬶ܻûбʾʲôʱٿַ磬ת뿪
Сѣ˵⵽İɡ仰΢΢˿ȥƺЩƮ
ַ̾ϢһûٶʲôϸһԼʥ󣬱ִʦ˵˳ּһ䣺һЩ̫ף͹̻͸ռеƺǶҲǾ
Ʋȥĵɻ̸⵹ַˣԣһ˵仰ĿŰִʦִʦ΢
ٺ٣ô̵ʱôֿ࣬͸ʥ֮ǿռ䡭ѾѵִʦŹֵЦЦȴĵַһ䣬ƣ֮жһ˿ο̾һ䣺ҲôߵС
ִʦַͣ粻еЩ죬ռһȫΪڼԭ֮ʱѪߵָ㣬Ҫ֪һ㣬ԼͿ֮սֻǣǰҲûбҪʱ佫Ѫߵִ߰ʦҲֻܺƤ˰ִʦ͡
ַʶһ䣺ǡ͹̻ʵʲô
ǡԪ֮
ִʦһ˿ɫһʥ֮ϣ㲻ֻǵҲ֪սʿ˵ļ壬еġֻҪﵽ˼ʵ֮еġʡǣҪͻƵ˼뻹һԣԣʥ֮ԪĻ
ԣ
ִʦһ䣬ַ͸оԼĳؼǱһ£ؼĴȴûд򿪣ʹź֮ʲôȴѾվżϣֻҪƿţһоչǰ
ǣַһ̵״̬ȴ֪ſҪĶôȴƲһţɵͣʶľأֹһ
ִʦ΢΢˵ͷϣֻҪһ˿ŬȻôһֱŬȥĻ߼۷ֻʱ⡭˼ȴͬҪﵽ˼ҪؼĳԪأŻὫԭﵽ͵Ķﵽһµˮ׼
һǿŬܵģҪ㹻ԣǾʥܣ˵Ѿͻ˰˼ܺãܺãңƬ֮䣬ʲôԪأ
ˮػ𡣡ַſھ˵Ԫص֣΢˼һ£ֲйڰ
ԭ뽫Ԫ˵ϾҲ׵磬תһ룬׵лԣԼĵ罣Ҳӵ˻ԣټԼר޻ϵħ˵ΪԼ˳ͻƵ˰˼ˮ׼Ҫ˵ĻǵԪҲӦùɵԪ֮С
ϹԪغͺڰԪأԪظպȫһһħʦ֪⣬ַشĺţҲûκԥ
ǳϣȴЦҡҡͷ˵ĲԪ֮⣬Ŀǰؼ仹šԪ롮ԪأԪʱ޿̲ʵڿռ֮Уȴ׺ԵԪأȴΪձΪǿԪء
˵ǻָһЩַ绳ֱӣּ˵޴ڣѷˮػĴԪرΪħʦרĻսʿרȻսʿħʦ໥Ԫء
Ҫ㽲Ԫأȷһսʿû֮ǰǿȣ롮Ѳ˹ϵûжֻƾ
һ˶;߱˻ԣȫöһʷ飬ȫɢؼ䣬ǻ
ֻԪ̫׺ˣһսʿ˶ȫĽһԣȫ׷֮ԪȻǿȴʵڼڴﵽ߼۷ʱѰͻ֮
˵ִʦַ绹ף㲹ܻеġáǻڻ֮ġ
ַֻȻĸоԭһֱϰ̱ʶ׸һԪصԣϾֿ˵ٶڷ磬ݵĸʴںڰǳ׶ȴʼն㲻ϰصĶ״̬һִʦͣʱ˹
ϰص̱ӦԪأҲֻŻֱ̬ųԡ
ͬʱҲ̲סЩ𾪣ϰصԪض˵ռżƣڿ־ɭ֣һж˿û·磬ǿ֮
뵽һ㣬ַеһҲڵõ˽ͣңǻڻԪģӽе𾪷Ŵˣֱ֪̬һ˼ûɱʥ֮µǿߣ
Ԫؾ˿ֲ
˭˻Ԫأʥ֮¾޵˰ɣ
뵽һͬʱַȻһ漴ʵ˵ﵽʥ֮ʹõͲԭȸŸԪֱ֮ʹԪ֮


ʮ Ȼǡ
ַ绰ո£ִʦʱЦô˵ҪʹԪ֮ȴҪ㱾ĸߵͣһҵȻٽ͸㡣
ִʦȷϣַжʱһɿֲĸоһĴԪ˿ʥʹõȻĴԪصҪһԪػǽ̬ĻԪص˲ʥĴԪصսʿǸͲǶ֣
ҺãԪԪص֮٣ĿǰԼĺҲϰضѣϰرϾûеʥ򡭡ԪصˣȴһûС
뵽ַ绹̲סһ䣺ִʦԪصĴսʿҵǼһȻǿҲǱĴԪصĴսʿǿһЩǣ˵ģԪƺѾǿˡ˵ǣϣӦû򵽻Ԫذɣ
ԪȻ򣬵ȴû򲻵ִʦһĹǻָ˲٣ҲʶһУľǻԪأʥ򣡡
˵ɪգַɴ˫ۣûκԥ˵֡ʥǿҲôִʦƺΪԼʶģ˿ɪҲûбˡ
ִʦʱ˵ͷ
ַһŵôϻĶ𣿡
Ķֵ֣ıЩŹ֣ЦЦСѣǲǾûԪصҪǿκԪأ
ִʦַ΢΢һüͷǵ˵ͷ
ִʦ¶ЦݣЦȴԵЩпĿǰ˵ȻԪǿһǹһǺڰҲ˵ɪ͵ĻǾͲԪصһʥǿߵĶ֣ǣҲ̻ͣʺͺڰ̻ˣʥǿ߶Ķ֡
һʥǿߣַͣоԼЩͷˣƬ˼һ£̲סʵǣڵĶҲֻкڰ̻һ˰ɣղŹ̻ʲǱɱ𣿡
ɲô׾㿴ֻһˣͶյһֱӴ裬ÿһʱʹһΣ̳бһʵΪ൱ڵõһǿ֡
ҲȱݣԹɫ޸УֱֻܷҲ˵Ȼ㣬ȴ֪ӣֻ֪һΣȴ֪ͨϢ㡣
ǣ㲻õԱǣıĿǰȻڹͺڰ̻һΪԭ򣬸޷߳һ
ִʦ˵̾Ϣֲһ䣺İɣ͢˲Žȱ֮ʥǿˣͨʥǿҲɱңǵҲɱ˵һ֮ǰȫˡ
ִ仰˵ɣַУȴһ
ô˵Ļ統񣡿ǣ񵽵ʲôƲȥݲǣ˵ĻԼ̳͵һʵӵбһʵĹ̻ʵȻһɱִʦ
ʵأ
ַвһɿֲĸо
ǣɿֲļͻȻʶһΪҪ⣬һַͷɵøϽʵִʦʲôˣĴԪͻͣô྿Ϊʲô
һַ̣ȻִʦͲӦöԼôã
㣬ԼҲִʦĽˣҪ˵׽ĳ̶ϣӰĽܵºͽܻȻҪԼǿ౶ִʦһʼֱ֧˽ܵºͽܻˣԼսѧϰΪʲô
ң̻սʱ˵Ҳûκι˼ɵľͰѺܶ໰˵˳ȻԼȫͰԼ˿
ʲôһǰʲôʱڣʲôħӡ֮ĻȻܣôԼͨ˵棬ô׵˵˳
˵̻ʵֻܸӦԼ޷Ļǰִʦأ
٣ִʦȫԲٿؿռסԼ˵ûа취ȫԸ̻ʣôȫ໥
ֻ˵̻ʵ޷ȫһԷյĿռ䣬Լᴫȥ
˶ûô˵ǰִʦûôϾ¹̻ʸûԼͨ˷ҪܿԼϵѩħͼĻһЩ
ⳡս󣬰ִʦԼ˵ĵһ仰ԼûУѵվһսü嶼ȲԼ
ַûô
ΪλôġԼأ
뵽ַв˵ȷִʦẦǣƵζ·˭ϣ˭Ҳо
Ŀǰַ
·ͻȻҲûпʲôһֱͱִʦĻȥôʱ䣬ǷӦ
ôһִַ֮ʦǻָһѪɫˣ̲סɻ
ִʦַЩʣϲû¶ı飬֮һ㣬˿˵ҼȲĴԪˣҲˣһλһǰѾǿˡ
ַʱһѵǹ̻ʿеġħ
ħٺ٣ڹħʵϹħǳ׵׵Ĵħȿȡ
ִʦһԴϬΪڼԵʣ˵̲סַһæǰסִʦִʦȴ΢΢˻֣ʾް
ֻǣһ¼ջָһ˿Ѫɫٶȱò԰ַ翴вɵһ˿ΣҪԼ˵ħʣ°ִʦҲô
Ҫ˵Щʲôʱ򣬰ִʦȴ̾һҽ°ɣ֮һͶ
ַһ£վЩ̣˵ͷ
ִʦٴ̾һȻǳ˻֮Уǵ˫Īʣ˺һƽ̫ԶƺЩǲţġ
һǰڵĴԪ񡢹񡢺ڰͻ֮⣬һλǿǾǷ
ڷ񡢹ڰλΪĹͬͳ֮£½һƬг
ĵ۶һǰֻһƽССŰ壬ʱ򰡣ͲӵģǸʱе嶼ܺƽദûսթ˼룬Ҳûô̱
ַ粻Ծĵ˵ͷЩڼԭʱѪҲ˵ģҪȰִʦ᲻٣ûоǸʱ¶ʥľȻҲܴ֮á
ִʦַͷ֮ӹһ˿⣬ûֹͣ˵ȥǸʱ򣬸֮ǰʵûʲô۹ϵޣˡˡ顢໥֮䶼ͨ飬ҲǸʱһ밫ɵķ򸾵һ˫̥к
һΣַﲻɵЩ񺮡ͨ飿Ҳ̫˰ɣȻûм˵Ǹʲô̬ҲҲ˵壬ֻ˵ͨĻַоֻܸ֡⡭ҲУ
Ȼû˵Ϊ԰ִʦûжٷ֮ģ̫ͶˣϾ¶һĸɫ
ִʦַɫѯҲ֪ʲôǱ㻺̾ϢһûоǸʱǲᶮġ
˵룬ַϲɵЩΡ
ִʦûЩһһ˫̥к츳Ϊˣʮʱ䣬㶼˫˫˴սʿˮ׼
Ǹʱ򣬸ûСʡָϵ˺а֪޲һڣСʱ˸߸賩֮С˶ΪֵһᱻϣΪˣΪڷеĴˡ
˵ִʦ¶һ˿㽣ƺǻһЩ㣬ַѻڶȴһ֮ʮսʿˮ׼ڽȻеţԼȻʮ꣬Ͼǿšסֶβ˽ʵкν츳
ִʦ˶٣ǻع˵ȥֵܵĸ鼫ã໥֣ĵ·໥ű˴˵ľ飬ӺܿһĹȥֵܵʵҲͻͽ
ֵܶʮһ꣬˶Ѿ˾ż۷ˮ׼ȴΪٳ򲻵ռ򣬱߳Сȥ½Ѱʥǿ̡
Ǹʱʥǿ߲ϡ٣˵ʥǿ߼ɵһΪؼǣʱĽƣ嶼û˿˽ģֵһȥûðĹ򣬾Ⱥ˺üλʥǿߡ
֮ˡࡢо顢Ҳаˣ־ĳİݷãڵõЩʥǿߵָ֮˺ַܿСһ£Ϳʼ˾ޣֻ˲һʱ䣬һʥ֮
Ǹʱ˲ֻʮ꣬һ£ʱС˺䶯
ֹ꣬˵ʵʥ֮жԳƵеˣǣ˱뿪Сڴ½һš
ʱе嶼ƽദ½ϼҲûʲôΣյ飬ֵΪܸõ׷ļ£һλʥǿߵ¡
ǣǰ벻֮ע⵽츳ֵܣиٵĳΪ˷ˣܵܣΪ˹ˡ
ַ׼ȴǲٴֻһַɫЩӣͻȻڴ˰ִʦô˵ֵӦþڵĹ̻ʰɣȻǡֵܡ


ʮ 
ʵ˵ַ֮⣬һֻƵĸоö룬ִʦе˫ֵ̥ܱȻָľ̻ˣŻƴһĶʥǿߣȻǻһֵܣ
ǡ˵ʲôޣһʱ䣬ܽɳ
˷Ŷսģɲǻжٸ鰡Ȼİˣ໥һ꣬ٱ˴˼Ҳһϧ΢ɣһֵܣϾжܻһأ
ѵΪǸķ
ʵΪĻôǰַʲôλ䣬鼫õֵܱĳˣ
ַһִʦĵ˵ͷµĲǸʱǻûзĿɳ𣬶ҲûзĿԭԹϵһֱͺܺá
ʱʵȻڵһ֮ǹ񣬹Ĺƣâ֮ڰ˱ܣڰ˱ȹҪϰ뼶ǿ֮У½ĸ˸ڵһʱܵԷĳͽ䡣
ͨߣͻڷ֮³ʱ佫ɶײ
˵ִʦͻȻЦŶˣ㻹֪֮ǰϻɣǺǡ
ַڶУûбʾʲô΢Цһ£ʾִʦ˵ȥ
ִʦٴ˻֮У˵壬ڵʱĴ½ϣ˵һ壬ӵмǿʵҪǣǿԷУҲ˵ŵ㣬ĸ֮ϡ
ǲֻڶѿĵطûжɱҡ֮УԣǸʱֻҪһ֣ǱȻͻһ̿֡
кܶŶǿʵҪǿǼĸ֮еĶǿߣ׷۷֮󣬻Ϊʧȥ׷Ŀ꣬ҲΪԭ򣬴Ӷв˶ҪһȺͲˡ
ǣڷ֮֮󣬻·ˮػԪǰȥֱӽǻҷ֮䡣
ַͻȻһɹŹ֣Ҽǵù̻˵Ǹʱ򣬺ʲôʱڣ

ִʦ˵ͷǸʱѭľǹڷ쵼͹֮£½ϵ鶼ֺκζ״̬
ҺֱܷΪһڶǿˣ˵һֽΪǰǸ£ʵǿܶһЩˣֻǻ߸ɴԪˡ
Ҫ֪ǻڵȼ϶Ҫȵʱĺڰ񻹰һԪֻǻ£ײ
ȻܳΪѾһֿ϶ҸܳΪˣ˵˵Ǳ޴󣬶ǸʱΪ˶Ϊǿ͵ԭµˣλʥǿߣһʱ䣬ǿҵԺ֮С
Ϊ·񡢹ֻߺڰˣһһ֮һܹǿˣǸûмĵʱܲΪ֮˷أ
һַ̣ĬŰִʦ˵дࡣ
ȻûоǸʱӰִʦĻУȴᵽһů
ǸʱûôҲûڵĶթý۹⿴ĻǸʱʵֱ̫ӿ˵ɵûиָӵ൱Ȥ
ǺγһֱҸ
ȻԼ˵ֶЩߣǻԪĶʥǿߣЩҲһЩϧֶκγֲǱأ
ǣھȨͳ֮£󲿷˶룬ʵ죬ľųȽͻǻֻۣ˵ĵѱʱ֮£۵ľЩͨ飬߿˵ͨˣ
һַ̣Ŀǰӵйλɻ̲סЩִʦеǸԴʱڣ٣Уеôۡ
뵽ַвɵøһƵ뷨ҪܻصǸʱҲһѡ񰡣
뷨һļַһ
ԼôˣôЩʵʵĶ
һԵİִʦַЩ鿴ɫ΢΢˵ͷٶ֮У˵ȥǿͣǵڵʱǸһʱܶɵΪ׷۷壬׷׸ԸͶ£ǣûãǱ˵ʱʵǿһɡ
־˰ķչͶ뵽µǿߺԽԽֹ࣬˼ʮʱ䣬½ǿѾõͳһ
ǸʱҸѾʥ۷壬ÿָ˵˵ͬʱҲջԼĿ֡ǶڵʱԶǰ
˵ʱ򣬰ִʦ԰׵϶ʱ¶һɳַ翴̲סֹͣڣѾˣǵܶһܶĿô
˺һִʦָ˹ֻϵܰʧȡ֮һ˿̵ȥԵô԰ףǡûãͷ˴ңԭʱҲ׽ĩβ
Сѣ֪Ѿٹ̵ʱУʲôֲ𣿡
ֲģַ΢΢˼һ£̽ԵʵѵǴͬʱֻǴʥ򶥼ǿͬʱϾǸʱڵѾõȫͳһʧȥϽģӦá
˵ַû˵ȥΪ˰ִʦҡҡͷһֲ뷨ͻȻĵʱѿڶ˶ɣ
µͬʱִʦԥĵ˵ͷַĻ˵ȷв˶ⲻе飬۷ʥǿͬʱֻͼԪҲһ˲䱻ɱ
ܳ׸ıһʱͲͨģλڶλ񣬾һ̵ֱƵĹ
ҼǵãǸʱ򣬼һ˲䣬ĶʱӰе飡Ĺ֮ʱ̳
Ϊ֮ҲӵȨԣڵһʱ䣬ͶԹУȻ׼֪ʲô˷æҲûжԹӰ졣
Ǹʱ򣬹ڰȻͬԸǵĿȻһֻҪɱҲù˼֮Уȫֶƴˣ
½ܵӰ죬̰ᡢҰġթȵȵĸҲԷٶȳǵ
ΪԵȻһ۷ͣ˵ͬҲڳ׾ѣֻǱϾֵܣȻڹӰȻѾѣǵȴȻڣ
ֻǣҸ˭û뵽һѣͳ֮ãѱŤ飬Ҳ֮á


ʮ ɱ񡢽
˵ִʦһ£ƺٴλһԶļ䣬ᵽ˵ʹ鲻ԽĴϢһڣ԰ϵһ
ַ翴вЩӿȻִʦûȫɻ󣬵һִ̣ʦĽЩˣңЩУеɻûȫõҲܶٶµһЩˡ
ִʦϢ˼ڣֻּǣһΣǵ֮оֻʣ޾̾ϢȻͺڰλֶԸȻҲµĻԪİ˵λȽϵͣϷ֮⣬һʱҲܡ
Ǹʱͳ˫£ĶֻҪıߣı߾ͻռмƣǣȴͲ̬κһûаԹ۵̬ȡ
ҲΪսʱҲΪͬչıƲݣܶ˾Ǹʱ䡣
֮ڹɢĸӰ֮£ܶ಻͵ʥǿߣΪҲ֮⣬ʵ̫ǿ󣬸û˸ҹһǰȥϣĸ嶼кܶ¡
ǣڹͬĿ֮£ĸ·ǿ߱㲻Լͬľۼһ𣬲ʥȫΧȻĸʵ쳣ǿ󣬵ǵȴǼ٣͵ֵסǿߵϹܿ죬֮³ʧϡ
û˹ͬĿĸȺڸì֮ҲʱײĦˣ½ǵҲԽԽбܶΪһ˽ֻжʼɱ¾һʱ䣬½Ϳ̿ĸҲ˳׷ѡ
ַȫǰǳսʥǿ߳۳ʴɱ¾ռŤĳ棬Ȼִʦƽַ·ŵ˵ѪɣĲҾ棡
ŬĿסļ䷭ӿŰִʦӣѯʵô䡭Ϊͺڰڻİô
ַϣִʦҡҡͷ̾ϢûСʼնûб̬վκһȫΪͺڰĹͬ֡Ҫ֪ȻлԪİǵʵڹͺڰǰʵ̫Сˣûԭ󵽵Ľ
ǣͺڰҲܵˣ˳˯֮УϾ˼ˡԪҲܵһ˺޷ûɱڰֻרĽе
ʱǸʱҲʣΪվڶǿߣȻ䣬ͺڰ̳˯ǵսɳţ͵Ĵڰ͵Ĵ˵֮£ͺԪ̶𣬾ǣҲֻʣһ
һΣַļʱ͸ʣûκγɣԥʵô˵¾ôѵģҡʱЩ͵ʥǿ߾ûвμ֮ս֮п϶вվʥ۷ǿ߰ɣѵЩ˾һֱô
ǣٺ١
ִʦͻȻЦֻЦȴǳ˳֮⣺Сѣһ֪ˮ׼ˮɣļսʿɵĻܲļʿ˼սʿɵɱһȺ˼µĶ֣ﵽʥǿʥ֮µ飬ɱǣʥǿ˵Ǻ飡
˵ַɫЩ죺ǰʥ۷嶼ʲô𣿻˵һµľ磿ǡǵʲôأ
ٺ٣ȷִܴʦַһ䣬͵͵ȷһ¾磬ղѾ͹ʥ֮·ˣνʥ򣬾˼ԵԪ֮ϣڴﵽʥԺԻΪֱɢڿеԪ֮ӶתΪá
ʥ۷壬ѾЩԪ֮յ״̬磬Ѿﵽ·ľͷˣҲ˵ҪûлΪͣȺ˾Ѿͷˣ
ͣǱֱʹȨʹļӳ֮£ĻͿյԪ֮Ҳõ⣬õһ
ԵģԸⲻԸ⣬ֻҪΪ֮󣬾ͲɱѴбѣ־֮£Ȼᱻɣʧ֮䡣
Ȼͱ΢΢Ͳֵͨܵģʥ۷ǿߣ͵ǰ൱ʥ֮µĴսʿߴħʦʥǿߵǰһ٣һ˲ͻᱻɱ
һ仰£ַʱĬ
ִʦһַɫ̾˿˵ȥֻ֮ȴǰ޵ĸпҵôġΪһ˲䣬ʣµз֮עҡ
ȻܳܵޣΪװ˷ѵһʣµҪԿ鲻УǸͲҵĶ֣ϾͺڰλͣΪǵ˯Ӷ͵òĴ裬ԪΪܵˣȻûصͺڰس̶ȣȴҲʱûоˡ
ǣұǿҵĲ뱯֮£ʼ˴ɱķʱĺڰͷˣҲҵǸڵһҵ¡
֮󣬽ǿȺ󽫺ڰ;ֽɱ˸ɾǶȴʼն²ȥ֣ԣұһ
ұص˵߳ȥǸӣǣҿѾһƬԭסƬϵ밫ҲѵʱҸеޱȵʹ࣬ͬʱҲҵĸĸںƽʱھѾޣ˵ǾõĹްɣ
Ȼұ뿪ӣһСйӵΪ밫֮ӵȴŰ˵ļգұڴΪһڷҵı£ʣͣҲҲҵĴڡ
ǣұͨ˵ƾҸ߳Ĵˮ׼ڴܿʹȥΪʱڲʥǿߣҿ˵Ϊģʱ򣬿Ľٵעԣӵ˼ƻ˹ˡΰĳƺš
ҲעԵʣֻеʥ֮ϵʵſʹ
Ϊԭ򣬺ܶ½ϵʥǿҲĽǣȻҵٶ࣬Ҳһ죬ҶΪϧ׸ÿʥǿ
˸Ļʥǿ߻ﲻͼøַҸνġƻաֶ̰ǿӲʥǿߣұֱʧЩյģԾܾ
ǻֶǿӲѾĪʧ֮䣬ˣڱҾܾ֮ҲֻѡĬĬ뿪ǰʥǿɽ˺
һĽʥǿ֮УҷһҼȷŭ飡


ʮ ʷе
һΣַٶ޵ĸп̾ɱͬʱҲװִʦΪʲôᱻΪܶɻ󣬵ȴмɻûеõĽ͡
ע⵽ִʦٳƺΪˡֱν֪浽׻û飬ԭ򣬶ңã񲢲ǶԷŶôػǳݣģͲǷʲôַʱûио
һ㣬ǡӹ̻ʿ񸴻ʲôӡ飬ִʦ˵ȴֻδᣬУȻʱѾڰȫɱΪʲô˽죬ںڰ͢أ
Щɵʥǿ߶ûл𣿻˵͵ԶԶʥǿߣңΪʲôڵҪʥôôֻΪԵô
Ȼַ֮ﻹʣһʱ䶼һţͺʣҲ⼸㡣
ִʦǿַ˼΢΢һ˵Сѣ˵ɣʲô㶮ˡ
ַһʹĵ˵ͷȰеɻѹȥ
ִʦ̾Ϣһ˵ȥһΪŭ飬ΪǰҵһʥǿߣȻǺڰͣڵʱҼǵѾɱеĺڰͣͲ©֮㣡
ʵǰֲòţԣҶԼûкڰ͸еΪŭ
ʱҲûг嶯оһڰ͵ôҵģǣͷ֮£ұӼڰ͡
֮󣬴ĿУұ˽⵽ҲҪһģǣұֱȻͣǾͱȻΪʲôء
Ҳ֪ر𣬾ң֮ǰʵǺڰеλ͵һλͣõǼĹҲΪߣ͵Ϣȵһľ뷶Χڣ˲Ż͵ݣǰҵĿģҸһԵ
ΪʱеͶѾɱڸΪʲôҵ֮ұԥҪֽɱȴֵļΪ򶨣ң֪ҵˡ
ԭΪ֪ҵݣԲŻǰҴôһ˵ɡ
ҵӣң䣬Ȼͺڰ˳˯֮Уλһѣû˷вλȻſֽһʱ޷ֹ
˵֪ҲɱҵĵܵܣҷҵĵܵһҵĵܵΪͣȻΪ˯еĹ·ûĻǵȹѹ֮󣬱硣
ڵʱһ⻰˼롭ͺڰ֮ɱĿľ뾡ȫһĿȨȻԭڰҪȹʵһЩж֮󣬾ڳ˯֮УʵҲѾˣ
Ҫҵĵܸ̺ܵ·֮ͱȻֱԭǿ࣬ǺڰûԿ
ڰ;ڲҡΪѵ׿Ȼ϶Ҳϣڰ磬ҵĻǳ˯еĺڰ͹ҲᱣͬλԺҲ˲ʵ俴׻磬翴λ໥
ңʾҰԺҲ϶ң
˵ʵֶ֮˼ͲٵҲһӰ֮£ڰһͨͻȻ뵽һҪ飡˵ұ˵ˣ˵һҪҴӦĹؼ㣡
Ҫ飿ַ˺ڰ͢ԨԴüͷʶľ˵һ䣺ѵΪ񸴻ֻǹ̻ʿʲôӡ𣿡

ִʦѾ֪ǵڼγַˣǵһ⣬͵ڷһ˲䣬Ҳõʣµȫõĸӡһ仰Ǿ仰ܼ򵥣ǸңұĸӡֻҪӡڣôиһ죡
ڶԷԼҵʱʶһ˲䣬ԥĴӦһúðӡֱɹһ졣
ô˵Ļַ粢ûע⵽ִʦе˿⡱Ļ˼֮УԶ£˵֮ԴӦλڰͣΪ˸ĸʱ䣿
ΪûиôҲ֪ʲôʱܸҵʱҲܼ򵥣ڰѹ൱ٻһκܳʱ䡣
ʱԽͶԷ񸴻ԽҪģǾڰͣڴ½ϻøһҪ֮ƽ⣡ֻλ֮ʵԽ٣ʱŻԽ
һ񸴻Ȼٱ㣬ֻҪûбʵǹͺڰǱ֣ҲͲǷĶ֣
ִʦ˵ǲɵùһ˿Цǣ뷨Ӱ֮£ұӦһ
ȻѾƽλʵ⣬ҪĵһǲʣеʥǿߣΪֻдﵽʥӵӵгΪ͵ʸ
ֻҪһλ¶һͣͶһԶᱳѵͱʵԽǿõԽǿֻǣʥɵʱ֮ǰз涨Ͻƶȣûʲô
ҪǣѡҲ޶ģԣܳΪ͵ļʵﵽ۷ӵмǱģϾǱԽ󣬻ʱԽΪ顮񡯵ʱҲԽ
Ѿ䣬û˼ලͷϸ涨жȻᾡͣΪԼĲᱳѵ
ʥǿߵԭҲǶ˹ͺڰĸף
ҲΪ˽ָڰͲϣܳΪͣҲ˵ΪΨһͣʱڶ෽ԭҵİ֮£㿪ʼɱʥǿߣ
ʱԪҲ뵽ͷ飬ȻʱûֲͣȷͺڰʲôʱѣһλͻȻѣٴιͣǵҲĬɱʥǿߵΪ
ǰȻǿʥǿߣҲûеֿҵĵܵȻڰ͵Ĵ㣬ΪķʽΪмʥǿΪ͵ġԴԱҪֹڰ͡
ҰڰȻҲﵽףҵĵֹܵܳʱұվʱΪǿԵʣͲҵĶֻ֣Ĭڰ͵
ԣں̵ܶʱڣ½ϵʥǿ߾ȫˣһʱ䣬½ϾͲʥǿˣ
ַ粻ɵøеޱȣԭеʥǿ߾Ӵ½ĨȥġĶֲ֮ңһеĻʹȻԼǰͨͨͷһ˲䣬ַжʱоޱȡ
ʱ򣬰ִʦֽ˵ȥΪͺڰλĳ˯½ϵѾԪصҪԪأǾͱҪҵĵܵǸڰ͵
Ϊλĳ˯޷ǶҪʥѾϼѡԪܵҲʹ޷ͻʥֻΪΪڰ׼ġԴԣҲԸͽȥҲѡ˳Ĭ
һʱ½ûͻƵ˼
һֱ˽ӽǧ꣬Ըƣӽǧʱ䣬ҲҵĵܵǸڰȹ̽˹͢ͺڰ͢
Ϊ鲻Ԫ֮޷ͻƵ˼Եʣ͢ʵСӽǧȥѵʶͺڰλһʱѣŵơ
ɻΪλǿʱѣƱûзſԭĳ̶ȣֻһ㣬Ԫ֮ͻƵ˰˼ˮ׼
ΪԪʵ͵ģԪ֮Ҳǵ͵ȵԪԣԪƷſ˲٣ҲΪͻƵ˼ˮ׼ĶԪֻ֮мԪԪء
ǷſһƣУǧı仯ѾסңԶľͷΪ򱾾Ͳߣֻܱѡӡ
½Ͼֻʣ干ͬǵͷҪǿ౶ټϹ̻ڰ̻ʶͬ壬Ȼļ߼۷ˮ׼͢յҲ塣
мʱ򡭡һ벻顣
ʱΪѾ䣬ҵ࣬ȴ޸֮ˮʱŶ٣ǧ֮󣬱ǧǰӵеѾ٣ңոԪȨҲһһʥ޻ָš
ΪԭұȦӡ
Ϊзµı֮Ᵽҵĵܵܺͺڰ̻ʸͷֲҵϢҲ͸Ӳ֪ںδҵĵܵܣڰ̻һˣ֪ʲôطġ
˵жԵľѾͣʵҲ޼ڱ֤˭ɱԷǰ£Ҿͻ˵ߣΪǧ˼ҲΪǧĸҽԷĸʧȥ飬ֻһĵطɶȹٲ뵽˵֮Уȴ񸴻֡
ڷǧһ죬ҵĵܾܵȻң

ַͻȻһô̻ʽҲΪԭ򣿡
ǰִʦ֮޸пǸʱҲףҵı֮һȴڣһѭߣһȴڣ֮ͻʧȥһʱıҵĵܷܵҡ
һΣñңû˵ӡ£Ѿٰڰ͢ԵʣȰҼ͢һͬԸڰ͢һͼ÷Ȱ˵ң˵ʱȻѾΪ˹ȥǾȥɣҰ磬Ȼҵȵȡ
˵ûҵ⣬ôܻȥأǣұھܾܿó磬͸뷨֮Ĭãʲôûб뿪ˡ
֮ҲԶ˺ڰ̻ʣϱ֮ıұ˰ʱ룬֮ȴǧֻ꣬Ҫǰ׼ӭǸȴھͿˡΪˣҲųֵ׼
벻ǣһΣǧʱ䣬͵˱֮ȴʱ򣬶ǧҼͲ¶棬ǣڱ֮ʧһ̣̻ʺͺڰ̻ʼͬʱң
ǧѵ˲ݵĵزһ滹ȸ˵ʱ˾ʹ
ڰ̻ʵλ֮Ե͵ԭΪûнԪ֮յޣǧĹȥȻ츳ٲҲѾ۷壬ϵʱ͢Ϊλȡ֮ƽ⣬ԣڵõ鱾ӳɵҲ޼ĽֻһǾ˭Ҳκβ˭
Ѿǧ꣬ǸʱӵеҲѾԭһ룬Ը˻ûʲôģǣұֹ˵ս
Ϊڰ̻һֱûиҶ֣׻Եúܾ֣Ҳû˵ʲô͸ϽʧҵǰҵĵܵȴʶǧǰңҲΪεĳ֣ҵĳ̶ȡ
ֹǧ꣬ĹУӳ˯еĹ֪ˡӡ£һȻҲȰ˵Ҽ͢Ҳͬʱ˸ӡ飬ֻʱûңҲΪ͡
֮飬ֱӿûʱݡ
ַ̾˿меɻѾõ˰ִʦĽͣû뵽ʱԭءģҲû뵽Ļڣǣ̲סЩɻ鵽ľ
ΪʲôҲеģҲҲЩͨеأԪ֮֮⣬Ǻ񲻹һЩǿˣ
ƺͲôġܡӲҪ˵ܡĻӽҲǷ٣ͳεʱڣеЩڣǰµĹ涨
ǣʣַ֪ԼԶ޷Ӱִʦõˡ
һ仰˰ִʦĻ⣺ǧǰǻȨѿʱɣ
ִʦ˵ͷǧǰҰĲѾõڶչ˹ʱĴеʵ඼ֱ˹ͺڰ͢Щʵ΢ûʵˣͲǿ׳˵Ķ֣
̻ʶûʶǰҪǵжӵкܶʱΪҪģ˶˵ȴҪҪҲ˵ǲŻ
˵ĽǵɱҲɱ̫࣬գǰᶼƻ֮£͢Ҳܲסһֱɻ󷴶׷һ𣬹ֿͬ˵ԡ
̻ʺͺڰ̻ʶԣҪȴѾЩˣھ˼֮ʱ˶Կһ֧Ԯֿ֡
̻ΪǧڶϵӣΪ伣ʱԼѾվ۷壬Գݣûв뵽ⳡսȥⳡսûκ
˵һʧܵ㣬ΪֿЦԳݣ˵һʧȥ
ڵֻֿóɹʱǰǣҲΪһε˷⽨ͳʱڣ죬ʷϵһλۡ
̻֮ʹ˼ʹһڰǰ̨ϡ
ʷչĵһתڡΪ治۹ܿѳҲ˽ʧı֮Уͺڰ͢Ҳӭһɻָʱڡ
ǣλ̻ʵ֮£㰵ͬʱĳĹ͢Ĺ֧ͬԮָֻ̲ܿĵ۹
ĹȻѾ˻ʵۣȴҲû͢İǣڵ۹ʵ۵Ļ֮£͢Ҳٴλ
ǸʱѾȥһǧ꣬һǧϱ֮ʧЧ
һΣڰ̻ûңǹ̻ȴˡΪҵʱʵûиǿӲģίı⣬ҽĸӡ
˵ʵǧʱȥʼնûиҲûпκһ˿ΪеѪҲѾȴʵǸʱѷĸӡΪѾϵһһʧ֮ʱҲԽԽ̣ѸӡͲˡ
ͷұ͸ΪͻȻ֣ҲΪյѪٶȵȼֻǼ򵥵ΪӦһӡֱһ졣
ԣҺܸɴľ;ܾ˹̻ʣҲҵĵܵܡ
ַͻȻж˶ʲôؼĶĵһԼȴûץס
ǣʱ򣬾ִʦѾ˵ȥһ˲䣬̻ʵ۵һ˿ŭûж֣Ϳ뿪Ҵĵط֪ǸʱʼǵĹϵ¾Ͳǰˡ
֮ʱ佥ţ۹ܻѳȻٴ̻ʵİ»ָ۹˼Σ˺һ۹Ҳڵ۹ʱĿʵۣȡǰ˲ٵĽѵһе߶ΪҼȨ
ѩħǹҪŴʵȨľλҪ͸Ϊ۹޴׵ˣʵֻΪܸüȨưˣͲλͳȥĹҲ˵õ˺
˵һΣִʦɵö࿴ַۣ૵˵һ䣺û뵽ǵƵľλһʵ۵ͳ£Ȼôֳȥ˰
Ǻڰ͢ʥǿߣλ֮ҡͲ˺ܶԭˡ
ַ̾һ˵˳ûбҪ԰ִʦʲôִʦ˵ô࣬Ҳ͢ԻΪʲôûжҰˣ۹ڱֽģͬʱҲЩ̾Ƕĵġ
ʱ򣬿Щδе࣬ͷֻһַʵǺʲô飿̻ʺͺڰ̻Ϊʲô߳ҡĿǰǹ͢ռϷ磬ڰ͢ƺڴ½Ѿû˰ѵѾܺڰ͢𣿡
ҲܣҾҲ
ִʦ̾һȻּȥ֮ұ㷢ֱ֮ʱԽԽ̣̻ÿνӴļʱҲԽԽ̣ÿңΪ˸ӡ飬ƵĽ棬̬ҲԽԽӡ
ǣǵһνʽʼֻʱȻҵѾ˴룬ȻҵĶ֣һΣܵúܲңʼղɱǸʱе鶼Ѿʧڹͺڰ˭ҲʧȥȤ
ԣұԸԺڰ͢ᣬҲټ֣ĿľǰʾȫԷָڰ͢ˣͣڰ͢ȻĹҲڰʾֻҪΪȨǵȹͱȻˡ
Ҫģֻƽһɧŵꡣ
ʱûϵһô˵Ҳȫǰ繰ø˹񣬶ֻҪ취˵ǾǷ񸴻Ҳȷȥ
ʵڲҵĶ֣һ˷ܵĿ꣬ʱҵͷ󣬱뿪
˺ٶȻ˴½ϼ˵ڰ̻ʼˣ֮¾ֻҵңҼȻӦ˹̻ʣȻͻܾڰ̻ʵвֻܴź뿪ˡ
ǡȴ˹ĶǿȣҺֶ£鶼ģڹ̻ʼͳһûĿ֮󣬻ǰĿҵϣĻϣκв
Ҳ˵ֻҪӡһ죬ϣ֮ҲȫõķǲϣΨһһвĴڡ
Ǹʱ򣬱֮ȴѾȫû˹ɿѭʱҲ̣ԣڱ֮ʧʱҵҡ
ȻԷѾʧҴӦӡȴûǣΪҪǣҵĵʼմһ˿룬뷣񸴻ٴλصֵĹʱڣֱӿ˵ҵѾȫӷһϣת޵˶Ǹʱ֮ϣ
˵ִʦ̾һϵһ㽣ǶǸʱڵ㽣
ַ翴Ҳ̲סЩпܻصǸӣصǸ֮ȫûκμʱǽǶôõһ鰡
һʱ䣬˲ɵöĬ
ǰִʦλ뷨ԣǺܿĻعַЩ̾ŵı飬̲ס΢΢˵ͷڼ˵ȥһڣַȻȻľͷӦ˹
飬˳ˣִͨʦĽַĵǸһµһʷ硣
ʱ̻ɲǰִʦĶ֣һεܲûù̻ʷֹĶӰ֮£ÿִʦϱ֮ʧʱ򣬹̻ʱȻ׼ʱִʦһܣÿһȴǹ̻ܡ
ֻʱƣִʦϵѾԽԽ٣Ӱ£ִʦɹ̻ʵʱ򣬽ɱԾ󻼣
˵Ӱʵֲ̫Ӱ֮£ÿ˵˽ĶΪֲִʦҲ⣬ڸܵΣʱԱһЩ飬Ҳʲôңֻɱɧ뱲ӵĵܵܣ
ǣִʦû֣Ҳԥ֮䣬Ҳʧȥɱ̻ʵĳ̻ʴƽ֣˵ʱ򣬰ִʦһѡӱܣǸʱмȺڣΪʲôûһɱԼĵܵܣ
ּȺڵ֮£ִʦҲԽԽ޹̻ʣʵҲ֪ԼǺ޹̻ʣǺ޹ǣϣ񸴻ͷٴȼ
ǣ֮ҵڰ̻ʣȴ֣Ǹʱ򣬹̻ʺͺڰ̻ʶѾΪԭ߳ˣ˶෽֮£ִʦף̻ʶյλ鰵е⣬λͿҪˣ
֮ǰʱ䣬˱粽Ϊ֮תΪȻѺҲԼתΪ˯ԵʣתҲҪʱ䣬Ͱת֮󣬾ͿֱӻȡӶռȻ
ԣԺʱϰִʦȫǹ̻ʵ̻ʵķȻǰִʦĶ֣ɱȴɱ壬ûʲôãŰִʦĽʧֻ̻ʵķƽ֣
ִʦģҲֻѡܣȻҲһ̻ʵķǶ֣ԣǴα֮뿪ԭĵطһ
ڶǰһ̻ʵսֻһһͰ˹̻ʵ˻ʧһƵ
ַʱ׺Ǽôˡ
֮󣬰ִʦ˵۶ǰصĵط۶һƹݣǰִʦʮǰģҲӲ˵һεı֮⣬ֻ˰ִʦʮ꣡
ڸոյʱ򣬰ִʦѾʶԼ˶೤ʱ䣬㲻һα֮ʧĹ̻Ҳ޲ԶˣϾѾ̫ˣ
ܣΪ˷һι̻ʵϮһЩ
ݿͨбִʦע˵ʱʣµһ룬ÿռ䷨Уƽһݵ֮ͻٶȽ̻ʵɱ
ǹ̻ʲһٻݵԭ򣬶ִʦûлȴǵġۿַҲС
ִʦ˵ʱַвһɺº͸мȻΪڷڵмǰִʦΣ֮£ΪԼûݺ
ǵַжʱЩԾ̻֮ǰ˵Ļִ̻֪ʦҲͬķݵǡ̻ʵʱֻܸдԼģѵִ̻֪ʦΪԼŲݣֻԭ
ǰߵĻǰִʦΪʲôôԼһͣѵһֻ꽻
뵽ַǸʲɵٴ𣬶ֱִʦƵĸоҲͬʱ˿ĵһ£һʵִʦеõɻѾ˵ĲˣɡеҵĿһûи
˵ΪʲôôģҾãٽܵºͽܻȣĹϵŸɣ


ʮ 
˵仰ַҲ̲ס̾Ϣһ
һǾǡõһͬʱҲʧȥһ
ԼӰִʦõôܣ֪һʷչ࣬ǱȻҲʧȥһֶʲôִ֮ʦ϶˵˵ô򵥡
ͬʱַҲִʦľһָͲԼǰкֱӺ׵ľͰԼһȦ
Ȼڴ˴ûôţ˼࣬Ҳ˵ԼӰִʦջЩȻԼԸҲĻرִʦ˵ûа׳Ե͡
ִʦַ֪ܲ˼
ַ˵仰ͿЦܵºͽܻһ˫ֵ̥ܡҵ۶ʮ֮żȻ䷢һֵܱһ̾ϢĲŵͬʱҲͰ
֪̻Ҳ˫ֵ̥ܣԣڽܵºͽܻˣǴһĪĸӸ飬ÿӵʱҲǻ̲סҸ
ɰɣҲҸоԼ˶೤ʱˣ֮ߵһľ棬ΪӵǿʵȴָԵʡһûѡ·Ҳֵʹ࡭
ԣһֱΪһͬĿ꣬ĸ
ֹӰ֮£ǣұԼıֱ𽻸ӣû˹ͬĿ꣬ͲҸľ
ܵ¼̳ľ飬ȻûҲ첻νװ½ϵɪڣҪʮȻǰǿɪղὫƿռԭӵװ档
˵ܵǼ̳ҵıְɽҵȥǽܻǼ̳ҵ룬һ׷Ŀꡣ
ܻұ봫ؾͽݾҵָ£츳ܲǵʥѣҲܱ֤ڶʮ֮ǰ˼ʵҲȫţʮڵʱ䣬ܻͻʥ
ǣҺȻʶ̤ĵ·˵ȴҲһʹ࣬ῴŽܵһϣֱңһͻʥȻͻܵ͢ͺڰ͢Ĺͬ£
۱˭£ȥϣġΪҵ˽ɣһ㶼ϣܻΪ̻ʣìܣΪµӡϣΪԼڵĻ
ַʱѹסеɻͻȻ˰ִʦüͷ˵һ䣺ǡƺǽܻԼҪġҪҸ˽ҶܿóӦòῴɣ
ַһִʦ˵ͷ֪ҿó⺢ӶǿʵΪģҴСʱҾܿóΪҸ˵˽ģҲŸ̤ĵ·
ǣұڻ֮ԭ񽣡áϣڵõǿʵ֮еõ㡣ͬʱҲ񽣡áһֽţʹ˱벻ҲԼġϾһʼ񽣡áټʹá
һ䣬ַе˵ͷְִʦΪʲôܻڻ֮ãϾһʱ䣬㹻Ԫ֮ˣ˰ִʦ仰̾˿ǣܻƺ̫Ⱑ˵ģģҵĻ˵ĻǾǡ￴Ź
˼ıţͦϽܻ⺢ӵ
ִʦ΢΢Ц£ͻȻ˳Ĭ֮У·ʲôٴοڽʱ֮Դһ˿Ʈѯʵַ硭㲻һֱңҸô྿Ϊʲô𣿡
ַһǰִʦһγƺ֣ϴڼԭϰľ飬һڶУжʱͬʱҲһ仰ˡ
ǣַɫĵ˵ͷ
ִʦҲַ磬֣صΪ飬鱾ͻһĺôңҪӦĻҲ
һ⻰ַжʱ;Ҳ˵Լʲôôǰִʦһ䡰
Ҫִ֪ʦѾһ꣬ʲô첻ģȻԼԼԿóҪˣ
ңƾһʲôáݵģһʱ⣬ʲôû
ѵԼڰֻ͢ǶԸ͢ԼǸ
ֻʲô
ַгɵʱ򣬰ִʦֿˣƺǿַеĵǣ̾˿Ѿ˶೤ʱȻЩ߰顭ǻһЩŲµĶϣұܡ

⻰ַвɵЩӣȻִֻʦӴ˶̶ʱ䣬һ˲ڸұ֮һ˶ʯǿʯȹһ㣬ַоͶ԰ִʦм
һִʦ˵⻰ɵַоһɡԡζЩͬʱ˰䣬ҧҧֱӵģȫӦ
˵仰ͬʱַҲѾ뿪ִʦʲôʵȻѾв̻ʣȻվʥ򶥶˵ǿߣҪа첻˵£Լ϶Ҳ첻ȻԼǾһԼܼģȻԼΪβӦأ
ִʦһ䣬ϵչһЩڰ֮ǰҾӦбҪ㣬ϣ˹̻ʺͺڰ̻֮⣬λͣʲôѣֱȥɣҵϣǲܾġ
һǻͿɪգȻʶƮ¾ҲҵһˡͶһԪͬ͡
ﶨħᣬͶڼԭĻǲ뿪ģǣͶҲұ֤ʲôͣսҵʱûб̬Ȼ֮ͨķӦҲܿóԵЩڣϾȷ̬ȣҲͲȷͶܰʲô
ﲻͬΪԪͬͣȻԪ֮ڵ׵ģͬʱĸԪʵϣ˵ܱȵù̻ʣҲ뿭ɪպͰͶ˶٣ҪǣԪͻǷ£һֱڷ
귣˵ϣǿ϶ġ
ҡȻǽѡˣΪ鶼ܵԹӰԵʣԣѡ˵ʱҲأֱҶԪظ֪ߣԪͬ͡
Ԫص˼֮٣ʱԪصȫ½Ҳɪձѡеʱ򣬻ھż۷壬ڽ˻Ŀ飬֮󣬲ʥܡ
ڰͶ˵е˼ɱ¾õһѪߡĳƺţΪʲôѡҲֻ֪֪Ϊ˿ϧҵԪͨԪĹͬ͹İڹĿ֮£ųΪ͡
ǣʲôֻҪڽܱѡͣǾǿεġ룬Ȼѩħǹǵʵ۱ȻԸֻ͢ȴ֪͢Ͳһ۹ܶԸ˵ġ
ܵԹ͢вȥ̻޷߳ʱûĶ֡
ַڶвӿһɿֲֻƵĸоȻѪߵĿĶսȴû뵽ֻһְţҲҺֻǰţʥǿ͵Ķأ
ǣѪߵĻεȾεһоͻΪ͵Ĺ˵ε
һֲֻƵ
ȻַҲֻǲ²ѣм仹顣
ڰִʦ˵ʵԼԸ͢ĻֲЩпȻǻһ˾
λַζһ£˵ͷ˵ллִʦҰɣһġ
һ䣬ִʦٴ˳Ĭ֮У΢΢һ£˵һ£ϣܰչ˽ܻͽܵӣܻҪͶɣڡá͸
ڳλ϶ҪĽǮܵ¾ͨұ֮һָ£װȻƷڳۣȻҲװԼ֮϶ǲ˵ġ
ַĬ̲סҲǰôǹ͸Լ֣
ʱ򣬰ִʦѾٴοˣڶ£ǰ


ʮ 
һ䣬ַʱϾ˵ǵһеֱ˵ܻڽʱ鷳һԼ񽣡áͱԼ֮ˣܵ£ǰִʦ͸Լһ׬Ǯ
ԣڰִʦڶУַ֣̬ͬʱҲЩš
ִʦƺûע⵽ַɫַ̧֣ǰ
ַע⵽ִʦָϴһöָӽָһöռָ
ڰִʦпռַָ粢֣Ҳ˵ִʦ֮ãƾóһʯħʦÿռֵַָǣִʦΪʲôѿռָԼǰ
ͷһ;ַƷΪע⵽ִʦ۲öռָǰִʦԼ۲ң¶ľͲѿöռָ԰ִʦŷǳҪ塣
ôĿ˺һ̾һȡһ״ݸַ磺ǷĸӡҵĿռָﱣ˽ӽһڰ㣬ұŰɣ
ӡһɫƤַӹ֮ģȴо˰ִʦĻȴжʱһ
ƤĶù̻ʾ˰ִʦһȴûе֣ڣķ񸴻ϣȻô׵ĵԼ
ܲΪ֮𾪣
Ϊǿҵ𺳣ַ粻ɵó˰ִʦһ䣺ѷĸӡҡͲһת̻𣿡
ǺǺǡ
ִʦַԾģЦ˵Ѿ˶೤ʱҿһα֮ȴӣ˵ڼ֮󡭡ʱ䣬ԼҲһڹ̻ʵϣʱ򣬷ǻ
ҼȻ㣬Ȼǲϣᱻ̻ʶȥģһȥǷȫûиϣҲܲôˣԸη䣬ɡ
ڶ飬ϣܴҼȥδһΪΣգǻǰӡȥɡ룬ǸʱѾ
ִʦƮȴʼմЦݣƺʱ⵽죬׿ƣһ˲䣬Ҳĳذ
˵һΣִʦһֻϣҽݵܳ׷еİúõڴ½תһתһȥĵطȻֻڹ̻ʱҲ޺
˵ִʦע⵽ַǸӣȴһʧı飬ЦСȻͲ󣬵ͦµġ룬Ӧҵġš֪æ淣ĸӡЩΪ㣬ԣһǲɣ
ˣִʦַ˿ȻѾҺܶˣְѽܵºͽܻңѾ͸ΪˣİɣĸӡһãͷҵĿռָ¹̻Ҳϵ˵ʵǲٽˡ
һλ˵ʱַϿҵ֮ѾǾء
ִʦڶǵЦЦѾһ֮ЩҲûãѵҪҴĹ𣿾ұŰɣšһóġ
˵ţִʦʹӿռָȡһг͹Ӷ£һȡΧĿоɢһɱ֮Ŀ˿гһַۣǰ˵һҲǿеġΪѪɱ¾̺ԪصС
ȻһһҲע˷ԣҪʹӵʥϵʵһ֮⣬ڰװȫ͸㡭ұܰɡš͸ĵһ
˵֮󣬰ִʦѪɱ¾˿ռֱָӰѿռָժ£ֶһֱӱȻݵַǰŰɣСѣȫװ
Ҫһ䣬Ϊҵľǿ̫࣬ȻռָûбڵľûĿռ䶼ȫֳģԣﵽʥ֮ǰǲҪѿռָˣﵽʥװҲòˡţﵽʥ֮ٵѪɣ
ַǿ𺳣ΡΡӹִʦݹĿռָȻִ֪ʦеġضǷƷҲû뵽Ȼһ
һ̣װִʦΪʲôԼ˵ô࣬ȫڸԼԣԼΪҪĶȫиԼȻڽԣԼȻܾܾܾĻǾǶһҪ˵Ĳأ
ӹöռַָ֮СĴ뷣ĸӡһǸԼڰĿռָĳɾĽ֮С
ִʦַĶǵ˫֮һ˿οǿԼһӵѪɹڵõκһ˿ŵĵڶǶ㱾ʵ
ұʵַ̬أһ䣬ûװִʦ˼
ִʦ˵ͷڵĻʵ̫ȻѾ˿ռ䷨򣬵ڵĻ޷ƿռ䡭ڶǿ̵ʱڰﵽʥ򡣡
仰ִʦ˵ƽַڶУһŵִʦ˵ҪʵôѵʵҲɱ˰𣿡
˵ĲֱܰʵģϣҲֻ
ִʦ̾˿֮ǰҸ߹㣬䷿ﱻҹע˷֮֮Ҳ֮ǰΪ˵ֿ̻ͷųɫϣΪڴڵѾ΢΢ͷųԵøϡ
䷿صķ֮ǲٵģΪҵ壬Ҳû취ˣȴһôܰռȴΪ͵˾Ĵﵽʥ
ȻһǾǱҪһſ԰㡭ţ֮ǰɱ̻ʵһǷҵǺǣûע⵽һֱ¯У֮ϣһϧʼղ񡭡
ǱȻ޷ʹãΪ뷣֮ϵԵʣܺܿĽ֮ڣʱﵽʥ򡣡
̶̵ַʱھܵ˶𺳣Ѿ𺳱ЩľȻˣּϰִʦһ֪ڶҲضԣȻûвµڶȻڸ֮Ҳûٴθе𾪡
ֻǣǺ⿿ôԼʵ
ִʦע⵽ַı飬ѵСѣҪˣһж֮Ȼͻˡңţڶʱڲţȴ޷ʹֻİ¿ʥ򡭡ŶˣһֿɿƵĿֲƣŻһ±˻ǲġ
ðɡһ䣬ַ粻ɵǣĺܸлִʦ
ǺǡִʦЦһЦȴ˿ϵ˫ַַǰɫע⣬Ҫʼ


ʮһ ڶ
ִʦ仰£ַ練Ӧʱ򣬾ͼеĿռͻȻһŤִʦɫøӲ԰ס
һֻ̣ӷıںͷһɫɫı뷿Ҳ˿˿ѡ
ַȻûдﵽʥˮ׼ȴԸоΧռľΧǵصɫһһԼ۹о˱ռסɫ͸¶һ
ۿŻ۹ɫԼַжʱ͸һĪĻţ
۾ɡ
ַ粻֪ʱԺͻȻ˰ִʦæһԼű˫ۡ
ʱִʦƺǸоַĶͻȻҲһ³һǰ̻ɱĺɫϸ룬Ŀ֮£ɫϸ뻺䵽ַͷϣһЩɫסַɫɫٴΰ
漴㽫ַǰ˫һһм俪ʼ£ͿѾɫɫɫҲһѹ𽥿ĵַ硣
һȻĹؼִʦԵüΪСģĿתĶţ˿κεи˫ƲϿ£ǰַͷĺɫϸҲ·ƶٶȴҪѹİסַҪһЩûĹڽ֮С
һڽȥַΪĵ㣬ͻȻҵıһɿ磬İʶһ˫ۣһͷ׷漴Ҳȥɷǵϡ
˫ۺַ磬оůģԡһ㼫Ϊָо֮£ǰеĽҲһʧȡ֮һ׵ͷ·ع鵽һƬ״̬һ㡣
һַ̣ͻȻоԺСһ·ͻȻһ£ţоһǰδеɣȻûüһɵʱͻȻԼľڵĶƺܵʲô̼һһ֡ڵĸо
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ûۿĻ棬ֻеһ֮ڣܡִʦ˫ѾҪܡִʦĺ
ңܸоΧǴˮһſɣſռ΢
˲䣬һ޾ڵĸо
ɸо·ӵо޴ħһַʱ޵ֿĳУ԰Σ
ָоҲʱűǿ
ʱ򣬰ִʦǲϵѾǺˮϵ·Ҳϣѿޱȵȫ˳
Ҫ֪԰ִʦʵ¯֮УҲһκˮ
ȫĺˮȫΪԵʲŴģ
Ϊڲͣ˫ҲǲͣӶ
ǹɰַʱҲȫַڣѾԽĿַˡ

ʱ䲻ţַǹѾȫ뵽ΪɢǹɿҲƽϢִʦһͷ׷ʱչƵٴڸס
˫Ѿһ𣬻ҲѾٲһ̣˫Ȼֿͼַͷĺɫϸ붸Ȼֱӷڣʧ
۾ɡִʦԵüΪƣȸɱ̻ʵǸʱҪƮƮƺڴϢһ
Ȼ΢Ʈַȴըһ㣬ַֻоǹ糱ˮȥȻһ飬һֲɵֵĺظĻͻȻعһ㡣
һַ̣оһ㱣˫֮оԼ˾һǰ綼ЩһΣͿ
ʹҡҡͷҪָоžߴ˰ִʦһͺȥһڵ
仰ٻƣĶ޷ڽһַڶУʲôϽһԼڡ
һͶȻͣڰ˼нףֻǣھĺͶĴһɫĹȦϵسŲ֮ͬл۹ȥɫļ룬ַԸоԼľͶڻĳɳ
Щ˫ۣʱǹɺĻζѾüԴҲ˹ַȴѾ˲ЩˣΪע⵽ǰİִʦȻԼЦϵȴѾ˽ȥ촽ҲʧȥѪɫ֮
ַһᣬæִʦ
޷̫ϢһͺִʦѵҡҡͷȴǿЦݣ˵ӦѾоڵı仯˰ɣ㲻ʱֱ仯ԣ㾲ʱܼӿ㼸ʮٶȡ
ִʦַо˵ζǰˣļûӿһɿǷɵѿڶΪʲôѡең
ΪִʦиֳŨŨ󣬳֮Ż˵Ҹо㲻Ƿˣָоӵһμ֮ʹԺðܾáܾеһжн
еһУ
ַﲻðһʺţҲһã
ִʦ㲹һ䣺Ҹ㽲ǰ顭
˵һ䣬ǳһӵ˵ҶѾ˵ˣҪϢһȳȥɡţˣѽܵºͽܻӽнɡ

ַ粻֪Լô߳ģеһƺ̫죬Ҳ̫ͻȻﵽڶеһ㱡
һ·ϹߵĺƺΪڵǸܶϢһЩʱ䣬Ȼߵûö߳һȡ
ڣܵºͽܻʱΧܵƺѾӽܻ֪˺ڷ飬϶ǽɫ֮£һѾץסַһ첲æʵַ磬ʦôˣ
ַ翴һǰˣڽܵµ˫һֵļУڽܻǿ˽ܻص
ִʦǽȥַ翴Žֱܵ˵仰Ŀתܻϵʱ򣬱һ䣺ܻģϾͻʵˡ
ַܵͷһ仰ֱļ򣬶һ䡰ллֱżȥܻҲǰȥַһ仰Ӷʱһ£˫֮Ѿһɻ̿֡
ַ翴̾һȥɣȥˡ
˵䣬㲻ٶ˵ܻܽûԽλãͳһǰ˹ȥ
ʱƹ֮ɿһˣܻھݵĴ֮󣬲û˵ŽܵµӰ˽ȥֻǣԭȽĲԳһ˿ң˿ȥЩ̫Э
ַһƨϣʱѾȥĶˣ֮̾ϢһرסԼԴ˫֮С


ʮ ȥ
ʵ˵ֱڣַжо㱲ѣһǰĿֻǵĿһ°ִʦȴ벻Ȼ˹̻ʵ
벻ԼĿһǰʥս֪ܶˣ
ִͨʦһһĽоԼ·Խ֮ǰִʦͬһ֤꣡ʷشķչң·𻹿˵귣䡢屻ǵصʥǿ߳ƬƬӿ׹ȥ׳龰
⻹ҪģҪʷѾ׵ӰеһЩٹ̵˼룡
ڽ֮ǰһֱߵû񣬶ңҲûǹı仯ȫΪĲٿأ
Ǹ˼ݱ䣬ǵ׳̶ȣȫڲٿأ
ڴӰִʦе֪һַ֮оԼԴǱһŽһȻ⵽󶼵õ˰ִʦĽͣǡһֱһʺţ
Ǿǣ񡭡ʲô
ܣֻһֵƿأ
Ȼ֮ܳΪ񣬼Ȼƿطκ飬Ϊʲô֮ģ׵
ֻߡֻһЩ˳òǿ˳ղ˵飿
⣬ҲֻܻشԼˡ
뵽ַͻȻһֺЦĸоԼֻһˣδʥҲֻһȽǿķ˶ѣЩ߸ϵʲôģ
ǣַǿаͷЩʵѹȥת
뵽ĵһԼԺķչ
ȻԼѩħǹλϣͰѲΣȻʵô㲻͢ıĿģԼҲ밴ջʵ۵뷨ȥ
ڻʵۿֺܲ͢ġɡԱԼǣƹ͢͢ǿɭҲһĽ͢ô򵥣ǹ̻ʣֱ˵ǹ
ǵ̻ʣַȻȻͿǵִʦ֮
ȻһìѾѻ⿪ˣؾ鵽Ҳøȥ֮ìܲ룬һΪҪ⣡
Ǿֵܵ䣡
ȻִʦѾ֮꣬ǹ̻ҲȻ˶ã
̻ڹ֮󣬿ԴӹõĳӶӳǴﵽؼܻǸʱУ
̻֮ǰ˵ͿҪˣôеġ족Ƕ죿
չ̻˵仰жϣҪ£ִʦ˼Ǿ֤족Ӧﵽͷ֮ǰǹ̻ʵ£Ȼûκ壡
Ļ¼ʱ֮ھҪˣ
һѣ׻ʲôַ粻֪Ҳȥ롣
Ӧÿǵǣ⼸֮ڣԼôԸɭ
ϾҪǵȹѣɭΪ͢ˣǱȻҲܵıӻʱ򣬾ԼţҪԸɭȻûôˣ
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ǣһԼֻʣ¼ʱˣ⼸ʱ䣬ܿһ꣬Ҳܿǰ֮꣬Ӱִʦ˼ֻܻλˣһֻ߰꣬Լ̵ʱǿ⼸֮ڰⲻҲһҪһ̵Ľѵ
뵽ַоһɺصѹϮ
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ȻĿǰڳ˯֮УִʦĽڳ˯֮УȻԸ̻ʴ˼
޷֪㻹ã֪˷ĸӡԼٸ߹̻ʵĻǹ̻һ޷ٴʹѰԼҲҵԼ
ǹ͢ûʥǿǿ򣬵ϼһȺżսʿͿ²ԼܶԸ˵ģ
ĻԼҪ͢Ӵ١Լ˾̤һ̻ʵıԼԼǵǸڰִʦСۿ˾ˡȻ֪ĸӡԼǿҲΪԼ۹ۿ˾뵽һЩʲô
һ̻֪ԼǸյĿͣǶԼȻǰٺһģ
ǵʱԼ¾ֻѡͶڰܻ͢һЩϵıˣϾԼȢ˰ҲǼ˺ڰ͢޲ػῴڰݵķϰԼҲڰ̻ʻԼңյĺڰ͢Ѿǹ͢Ķˣ
ǡ뵽ַʶһص⣡Ǿǵĺڰ̻ʻ
Ͼִʦ͹̻ʿһֵܣֻ˼ٵʱʥˮ׼հִʦĻڰ̻ʵֻһܳͰˣȻܳ裬ô츳ڵʱȻǵµġ
ִʦ͹̻ʱնҪˡôأ
뵽ַ㲻ȥˡ
һ£ԼֻȥѰʣλ͵İ˰
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ԼҲȥħݷһλˡ
뵽˴ַʱоļѹʢɵһ
ʱ򣬽ܻͽܵѾӺ˳ַ翴ǿаеЩ˼ѹȥӭȥ
ַע⵽ܵۿģÿӲһˮܻȻҲһʹģֻǣԸЩŤļһڴ˿ȴһֱǿŬ죬˫еˮ
ַ翴̾һܻȻִʦѹֵЩΣٻǶ԰ִʦһݸġ
Ͼʮ˰
һַӭǰʱҲ˹ȥܵʹĲһˮÿ켸ûп˵Ĵ۵ײľܻʹĨһ˫ۣ󣬱ַͶȥĿ⡣
ַڽܻ￴һɳʹȴҲܿļһ۵Ǳһɻȣ֪ܻܲе뷨ֻǣܵģַ绹ûڽصȴŽܵȶ
֪˶ãܵǿˣһַ翪ڵ߰ɡ
ַûж˵ʲôܻҲʹһɫŴƹݵǰȥ
߳ƹݴŵʱ򣬽ܵºͽܻһ˫ֵ̥ܲԼͬ볯ƹݺһתȥȻ󣬱㳯Ǹһ
ڹͬʮȵһ̣ûע⵽ַ磬Ҳһȥ

뿪¾ƹ֮һڵ֮УִʦҲ˳
˵ƽƺǶ鶼ѾƣҲ
Ĳɢһ㣬ԭƬ̾·̣Ӳıõʱ䡣
߳¾ƹ֮ǿѷƵãһλͨһ㣬ż⣬ӲȥϵĻҳ˾ƹݵĴš
λ˱㱳˫űҵȺʧ˵۶ϡ
Ҳڴ£뿪ʮ¾ƹݡ


ʮ 
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Լ뿪֮ȥǸ״һ£ϾǵϵҪһЩλñȡˣ֪Ŀȥ
ڰԼ˵ȷǺܸˣ±ûټʾ͸Ͻȥæˣ뵽Լ˽飬±Ͻóһݷʢͣ˵ȷԼһֺܻõĻᣬȴǲԸŹġ
ȻΪˣԼַ콱ҡ
ǡӽַʱϸĵİȴԼ˺Ͳˣ
֣Լɫأʲô޴£ûüʲôʱ򣬾ͿԼ˿µƥϡȻˣ
ȻͲ󣬴ҲΪͨһͨƹߵ·һȻһ򵥵Ĵֲ£˵ĸоȴûô򵥣Ҫǣ˵ɫͬأңߵϣƺܿۡ
ǵģȷԼûпȷۣע⵽˵Ȧƺв̶ͬȵĺףǿ޹һһ
˴ʱ򣬰¶ʱһ
ôԼ˳ȥʱǷǳ˵ӣΪʲôһȴдһɳأ
²Ҽ룬Ҳ벻Լ˵ʲôһ˻ӭȥֻǣΪԼ˵飬סԼЦݡ
Ȼ˴ͨԼͬһðĵײСӣһ˭ëڣԼǷھͲͣңӲһԼû˼
ϾԼ˲ˣҲܵóԷɣ
ǣµϣַֻǲͷİ˰֣ʹŴһ˳鷿ȥ
ֻ°һǺɵ鷿ķ򣬾þòų̾Ϣһ
ۡ鷿ڡ
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ǣַһܵ¡ܻ֪ǵһܸӣͬҲ֪˵ʲôܻеʹȻûа취ǵʹ࣬ҿԸṩй
δļʱһڣǿⷢйеʹ࣬ǳȥɢģھƹݣִֻԣʱĿҵϣȥʲôҲԡ
ǣҲǴӦңһ£һºһҪһҪʵô
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شַֽĿ˽ܵµϡ
ܵ»⣬̧ͷַ磬һֻ֮ȴҲŨŨ꣺Ҳֻ밲졣
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ǣҲһµʱ䣬һ֮󣬾ɵ䣬ҲȥǣӦҡһԼһµʱô
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һµʱ䣬һܺõĻָˡ
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޷ǸŤļһ
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ܵƺЩųʹͻѡԼھƹݣϤĻҲǲܣ
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˶밲죬˵˴ĵ׻ԸʵģֻȻʹ࣬Ҫһָʱڡ
ǣڿ˵ͷַ֮ˣȥŷˡ
ڽһ˫ֵַ̥֮ܵͻصԼķ֮У׼úõоһ°ִʦעڵǹ˳ôͳķʽһ£ûע֮ǰ
ҪǣַԼյѹ罣ʽ׻᲻Ҳܳɱ
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ֻǣַڻûԼʱ򣬱㱻һˣ˵סˡ
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ȴͲô࣬һַ磬ʱͲһŮСſͳַȥ
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ȴȥԶòãַ粻ЩݸЦ˵һ䡣
áһ䣬СϸһɼΪܵı飬ַĻһƣԴҲַĻ˵һ䣺ѽҾԽԽ
ַǲɵùһ˿΢ЦĻҲû⣬ʱ飬תͳķȥ
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ַ籧һͷٷĲ֮ͬ뵽֮ǰǹлȵжʱȻˣЩĬĬҲûбֳ
һʢַͣ룬˷ֱ˼ܵ¡ܻͿͶķ䣬ԼŸһ
䣬ַ緢СƺǱƽϲԼĻſڳԵʱ򶼲ԸԼĻûж룬Ϊ˲ŲԸιַ֮žô΢һ㡣
ʱȴ಻֪ʲôʱѾԼĻ˯ˡ
౧Լķ䲢ҷ˴ϣַֽ£ûж˵ʲô͸ңȻŻصԼķ֮У׼״̬


ʮ ̬ٶ
ڴͳʽ̫ʱûʹõԵʣַȻһڱѧԺʱѧݣȻռеķ߶תڵĶ
ûдﵽսʿˮ׼֮ǰֻҪ򵥵Ĵ߶ڵĶתͿˣַԼӿĵĶָٶȣܴ̼ڵĶȹǣһﵽ˰˼ˮ׼ô֮Ͳôˡ
Ϊ˼֮Ҫǽڶԣڴ߶תĻϣҪϵؽڵĶѹȡ̽Ϊ鷳ȴͨսʿΨһ
һִͳʽַֻڸͻƵսʿˮ׼֮ʹһΣյʽһȽϣҲûʹùˡǸʱ򣬵յַ˵ѾǺˣǿͳʽ١
ǣַһմͳķʽжʱ͸оڶĵǸɫĹȦԼ߶ŶתңڰѶѹȡʱַҲԸоɫ֮£ԼٶҪԭȿ˼ʮ
Ȼԭȿ˼ʮַкһ±ȷϣȻɫҲͱǰյʱôһ㣡
ֻһ㣬ַ˵Ͳ
ң⻹ֻǵû˿ʹﲻַҪЧ
ԣַֻôһͷԴͳʽİ취
ûżʹõյķѹ罣ķǽ˴ͳڤķʽ
һ봫ͳڤ뷽ʽַ㷢ΧԪŨԼﵽ˼ˮ׼ʱŨȣֻڵ۶УԪȴҪڼԭʱŨ˺üʮ
һ֪Ԫַ֮绹ûüڤ룬жʱһɻ
Ҳ˵Ԫأ˵ˮػԪظ޷գ֮ǰմﵽѧԺǸ̵Ľѵַ絽ڻ£ǣԼڡԪءĻôʥ֮ϣԼôֻԪشӶΪأ
һ뵽⣬ַ̲סͣһ£ô룬Ҳ벻ôֱӿԪֻ֮գҲûдﵽʥˮ׼
Ȼ㰴մͳڤ뷽ʽһ£˶٣ȻԭȵٶҪ˼ʮǲ絥յĻ㣡
ϾյȻִֻͳһ㣬ؼյͬʱ߾ԼǴͳʽԶҲģ
ǣ˴ͳʽַ֮һյķʽѹ罣ʽ
һ׼յķʽַжʱͽϾַʽԼרʽϣ»û˸ԼʹͬķУԼҲ֪
ʽܲڵɫ𵽼ӳɵЧַһնûС
ַʽеĻǿѹ罣ķʽҲͲˣһڵɫԼ˵ƺǸûʲôôˣ
뵽֮Ҫѣַ̲סһż
СȡһֻȻ˼ŻķԼĶȦ֮Уһ˲䣬Ҳרڤķʽɵ
˵һ˲ַ缫ȽţΪһ˲ܾɫǷַЧˣ
סַһҧʱ㽫ɵսȥսȥһ˲䣬ַŵĶʱҲ
ܸоڵǹɫڴ˴յĵҲ˼ӳɵãǶǾͬԭ˼ʮ
ٶȣǿҪ֮ǰѹ罣ʽֿ˲٣
ܵɼӳɣַ̲סЩѹ罣ķʽ𵽼ӳɵĻҲȫ԰ӳɺյķʽȥˣ
òװַ׼һѹ罣ķ
ѹ罣ķʽãԼٶʮˣռʮٶȥ˵һĹԼܴﵽʥ򣡣
ϾԼѾ˿ռˣֻҪԼĻȥͻƵʥָտɴ
һ뵽ʥַ̲סһѣ˼Ͻʹѹ罣ķʽ
ϣҲ֪ɫΪʲôô棬һʼʹѹ罣ķʽַʱܲڵı仯
һ̣׵ıܸоԼǾǶڷȶš
ò˵ԼʮٶȳɳЧʱͰַ·ƲסеļͣóȻظѹ罣Ķ
ʼʱһֻһֻͳһַɴֱӴӿռָųһѵѴѵץԼȦȻٵѹŵ罣
ƺ֪ƣһظͬĶÿʱÿ̶ܸܵʵȹϲá
֪ʱҲڷţ״̬еַûиоʱţڷʱŶȻع
ˣѾˡ£ʱ˹ܼҰµ
ַһعʶı㿴һɫų˵һȥ鷿ҰɣϾ͹ȥ
ǣˡ˰¹Ӧ㴫˽Ųȥ
ַŻһĹ۲ɫһֲ֪Ѿȥ˰ʱ䣬鲻ɵû˺һ
ţһɿϲӿΪֻǰʱ䣬ľͶȵĵõ
ԭַǹÿʮСʱı׼Ҫͨѹ罣ķʽ˼۷ˮ׼ҲµĹ
¾ܴӰ˼н˼۷壬ѾǷǳˣƽ߸ʹﲻô̬ٶȣǣԴӵ֪˹񲻾֮Ҫѹַ֪ٶȻǲ
ɫ˰ٶȷչȥò˺ܶĹ˼۷ˮ׼
Ȼڵɫûʽӿ켸ʮٶȣֻǼӿ⼸Ҫʽԭٶȿϰٱˣ
ֱ̬ٶȣַܲϲ
ò׿סϲַϽ򵥵ĳϴһϵ۹ѵʬ崦æһ׸ɾ·ٶ鷿֮С
ַʼűһ˵̬ȣһֱѣԣַ粻ȴԼ̫á
鷿һʿ׵ַʱϽеǰһк
һŵԭŵҲʱʹվһַ磬͸Цݣַ磬ҵҶѾˡ
Ѽ˵ַ粢ûƣ֮лǳֵıľ⡣
ַ֪ԸҲûǿҲͲ϶࿼ǣֱӾ˵ŶãǸ˵˵̰ɡ
ǡ
ʶĴһ䣬ѰĹַ̽磬ֻǣ˵ԵЩɣ˵ȥΪ۹»Σ۹ٵĹϵ;ʵ̫ˣѰ˽ӽһ죬ǲ˼ʮˣԡֻھƹһЩˣЩ̫͵ĻϾȥǡ
Ŷáַ΢΢ҡҡͷʵ켣ƹݵĺܶ˻ЩʵģֻǶڶδ̫ãŻᵼǲϱԹֻҪһĿ꣬Ҳһ㡣ȻЩ˹һѶȣšܺǵģô
˵ַͶһŵ΢Ц漴ͻȻʲôӵŶˣҽһȥһѣԺ͸һҵˣ룬ܸ˵ġ
ʶľһ£벻ԼʲôѣѵǰǱȶôͲܰɡ
ַ罫ı鿴ûż˵ǹصĳЦһЦȻ߳鷿СظŮȥѹܼҰ¸ҹ
Ȱ·ĸ֮ʱַʱǰȥʵװĹܼңңһǸһôˣ
һ⻰ƺûзӦԭΪԼҪԼΪҪʽյ˶ٺæѸͳƵһͳƱ˹ȴ벻Լ˾ȻôһûͷûԵĻ
ַ翴ӣ΢΢üǸȥòǷǸһ
ַһѣ¶ʱ㷴Ӧ˹æ˵ˣһֱڷһ춼ûгš
Ŷȥҽɡַ˵ͷϽԸһ䣬󻹲ߴٵ㡣
ӦһתСܾͳͶϢķȥˡ
ſͶʱַûж˵ʲôԸȥ֮󣬾ͽͶ鷿
ԭͶַ硰ءһ죬ﻹЩԼѵһֻڷ˯ȵҲɵýȴǣһӵ֪ͨʱ˾ĵԼǽҪóˡ
˹û׼Լʲôȥʱ򣬾ֱӱ鷿ڣһȥ鷿ڵȺǸ׵ˣʱסˡ


ʮ Ǯ;һƬ
㡭Ͷ˫üָ˵
Ҳǹɫַеġѡָľ˭ˣֻǣô룬û뵽ַȻѵԼġ°ܽ˹
˵һֱǶԿͶŸмһ˵ĻԼûǰԭĻᣬӾûдӱѧԺбҵĻᣬҲ͸ڵľˡ
ԭʱȥѧԺԸлͶֻǣ⼸ձ䶯̫죬ûʱ䣬ôҲ벻ͶȻԼǰ
һͶҲ벻ԭѾ˵˵õ»ʵʹͣΪѾܵã̾ҺԼûӮ˵һξڼԭˡ
Ͼַ֪Ĺϵַ統ʱȻֻһƽ񣬵ȴ밲ݵĹϵãϵʱ޲عսʿһ飬ΪַġĸȻҲǸַһ𣬶ԼҪӮ˵Ļ˵ͷֵһȥˣ
ԣͶԼܸûжԹԡ
ֻǣ벻ΪԼһֱַַ緢֮󣬻ôõһᣡ
ѩħǴ󹫵ıҵѧԱܶҲֻٽ˻ңõҲֻǳ䵱һЩͳѣйڣ
˵һѾÿͶҺ֪ˣ
ַ翴յĶִ㵵ӣﲻɵӿһοУһֱǵãһ仰ֻ׼ˡͶɵµ̬ɾǡ׼ԼֻǸһĻᡣ
˭֪ϵȻڱܶʱ򣬾ĵڱҲ׼
ľʵֻô򵥣ֻͿûǰóֵ׼ˡ
һַ̣Ҳ뵽ԼԼ֮ǰûѵϵһΡˮ飬ҲͲϰصĿе֪ϵֺݣ͸ӲڼԭѪߵʱ뵽оǵˣ
˵ʱΪûжٹǣʹӦѪɱΪĵϣӶȡԼݵ·
Ͼÿ˶˽ģ˽ʱŻᱻ޷Ŵ
ַûԼһôеˣԣʱĲ֪ϵݣضѡԼ
ҲΪֳɺϵĻųɾڵλá
ϵʱ˼ԭԼڸһУѾ˻ʵ۵Ķ˵Ϊһ㣬ǨŭԼЩƽ
ϾҵҪģ
뵽һЩַвɵó˸пʶȤûдͿͶԼ˵һԹߵˡ
ʱ򾭹Ĵ㵣Ҳ̷Ӧ˹Ͷϳ˿ϲɫ˵ʲôʱ򣬷ȴŵ
ˡ
ַ粻һüͷЩ죬ѯʵʲô£
ˣҪ⣬¹С
һ仰ͿͶ˵ʲô໥һ۱Ŀַϣ͸¶ѯʵ˼
ַ⣬֪˴ﲻ̫㣬ԸȥɰɣЩѡǵúúѵһ¡

˳ȥַŰѰ׸˹ǿ׳˷ܵ飬ȥٶЩЭĸо·Ȼһַ磬˻ϻӣ
ϰ塭ڽʱ򣬹ĵһԵԴѾгȥˣΪҪ飬һֻӡˢٲᣬеҲȽϼ򵥣⼸˿Ļ⡭ǣгӦȴǼãŸոչ˰ʱ䣬ӡˢٲһա
˵䣬״һ˷ܵģǳһͰΰ磬һ߶ַ˵ŷкӦЧ֮飬һߺĭǼı飬Լһ
ò׵ġҵ桱ַ粻ɵҲЩ⣬ԭΪ׹ռϢҲҪռϼ죬ȴ벻һȻȷһƷΪľƷķ
׺ĭƪ۵ַһƷֻ洫ʢһ汾ΪʱԵʣûж޸ľӡˢͶŵгУȻӡˢٲᣬһֻͶŵгҲֻͶһٲѡ
Ͼһ汾Ƕϡ
ǣҲû뵽һٲܿ˳ȥңֻ˰СʱĹ򣬾иĹǰֻʱ䣬һٲһա
ܶûڱԹͷɥŽ뿪
׾һ֮гʱͱըȻӡˢĶ֪ģȴǼΪǿңǿҲĵԽԽԽԽ˷ܣܶûһһЩС͵
յЩѶϢԺ󣬰ҲܿܽгӦԭ
ȻȻһϼصĶ֪ģϾЩֻǿйֵļأңҲ֪ȴ˭ȥģԣȻĻȣܶ˻ǱŻɵ̬ȡ
һ汾ٷٷ۳ȥȴһˣЩֻ̬ȵ˲ʹеɻ͹ǣЩ汾Ϊٷ̼˹ϸǼ
Ϊڻ𱬵г
ַ׵Ľֻ֮ǵ˵ͷͬڰ׵˷ܣЩϧΪף⽨ͳεǴ󶼶Ը߸ϵĹǱžηĽ̬ȣȻҲǸеΪأ˵Լܲѩħǹˡ
ΪǵǱڵгƾһǸľ飬ַ붼֪ԼԴһ۳ȥȻͻ𱬡
ǰҪ׼ģֻǳֵռͰװ
ɰȻͷԣҲûַһļʶ;飬Ȼ뵽ӣϾûףֻͶһΪ顣
ôҲ޿ɺǣϾʧˣҲĲ˶ٳɱΪʱյӶ䶯
׶ҲԣĻڹٷԴȱ£ĵ棡
ƺûпǵһ˷ܵ飬ַ翴Ҳֻܴȴһռϣһ߽аװͬʱҲһͶŵг
ǵһЩٵַǶһҪǵӡˢһЩװ棬СģͶгᣬԼҵż򵥵˵һгӪľ顣
ȻȷǸţϾûôľ飬һַķʽʱͶַͶ󣬲ɵһַ̾š
ַ翴ŰĻȵģ˵󣬱ֹһѣúøɰɣװİףŬ֮£ǵǮ;ؽһƬ
һ仰еȻɾǱһ֮ͣƣɻȼĴ֮£ȥϽʵʩжȴͻȻһ顭


ʮ ɽկ֮
ϰ塭ͻȻתַǳݣǵĲҵҲӦһְɣ
ַ֣һ䣬ϸϸ˼
ԼҵӡˢԼԴʼȻӯܴ󣬵ҪǴȥ˵ĿǰԼͲȱֱۣӡˢԼԴɾԼĵ
ò˵磬йƽ񣬸ԼǣһֵλԽУٹ̶޷ı䡣ַ粻һȻǵλĹȴûֿЦԽУؼǣûôĵ̻ۡ
һҵûУ
ԣҪ׬Ǯ
ȻȫƾԼĵλһϵеĲҵ嶼Ѿռг˺Ѵ̵٣󲿷˶ƾԼϰȥ˵һ㣬ԼǰֺǺǵİͽԼĲҵȴ¸ò
ǵĸ
ΪֺԼָԼһЩҵĻǶԼ˵ҲԶԶ
ƾһǮԼʱڸӴ˽͸˵ˣ
֮ѡӡˢԼԴģʽַ˵֮ѡҲѡ
ԼԴʽǿһЩԼǵĵףԺʲôֱ֮ģȫƾ죬Ͳᱩ¶Լ˽
ʱ򣬵ԼѾȫճУԼͿԳû͸ҵˡ
ǰ׵뷨Ҳַ
뵽ԼԺĲҵȫ뵽ҵ֮УַĵͻȻðһʡɽկ
ǵģԼʱȫԿԼٹ̵󣬼ֱӪҵʽǵѹȻԼĲƷͨǿҹӰ֮£ҲȻҪͨĲҵ׬Ǯ࣡
ǰһ˾ϵɽկɹô
ǣַ˼֮ǹһ˿ȣ΢΢һЦ³һ仰ͽСɽկ֮ɣ


ת֮䣬µʱȥ
ɽկ֮Ѿڰ׵Ŭ֮½졣
ڣַһٲԴгȥԺΪгļ󣬲̷Ϳʼӡ˵棬һʱ䣬˵Ǻݺݵ׬һʡ
ǡѩħǹڴеǮ⻹˵ã
ڴϣֶַΡ
ȣųȥѩħǹԴȨˣκεģµǲǳҵĿģǶַѩħǹȨ棬յ۹ķɣȨ߽ܵ۹ϳͣ
ȻֻǱ涯ֻǱ涯˲̷û˸ҸѩħǹȥֻѩħǹһʺưˣȻѩħǹ⣬Ǿͼٸˣ
ķԴһ˻ԡܻкܶ౧ŽˣԴһˣַȡ˰еֶΡ
ǽһһ߲ܣȻð׼ӡˢٷ汾ԼԴ˵۶Χ󲿷ֵĳ֮󡭡
ǣַǰȥ飬Ȳ̼֮˱װȥһĵ飬Ƚ̼ҵĵϸĲʱַԼȥѸײڶ֮Ƴ׶˵̼ҵѵ㣬ֱӽҪԱصر
صĳͳҲԸַ飬ͳͳһֵ̼ץ˵۹ļ
Чʱûв鵽ĵ̼ңԴո˵ͷˣʱ˲٣ȻµʱΪ϶©֮㣬ô̵ʱ̶ֳȣѾǼˡ
ʣµģԺȻ
ַԴѾӡˢʮְ汾Ҳֲʮƽһһһֱַ类ΪѩħǹΪֹȻеʵ̶ȲߣϾֻΪΪԼĲҵƶѡ
ʮְ汾棬רΪײʿġð桱ݴ½ĴһЩҲΪֽͨţ۸ȴܱˣֻҪܹͭһ㹺һףҲһٸͭѣ˵ںܶƽ˵һٸͭҲһСĿܶ˻Ը⻨һǮѩħǹ̰
ֻղؼֵĶˣ
רΪƽ׼ľð棬רΪ׼ġװ桱ְ汾㹻ḻʹõĲҲΪмžĲͼȻͼһЩʦԴĽģװǾװ棬ÿһļ۸ߴʮöң
ôļ۸񣬻вٸ̹ȫףǵĿĳ֮⣬˽һѩħǹϣ˵һ컹λ󹫾ⳡϽʶأ
ȥְ汾֮⣬һ֡桱רΪ׼ģϾѩħǹǵλߵľλٹǻǶĴ󹫾е˼Ϊ棬ǵĵλֲͬһƽЩǵﶼֵһᡣ
Ȼǲȥ۵ľð棬ʧݵľٶңΪ߹Ĺ壬ЩͭζأԣװҲǵѡ
Ȼַɴð׷һ桱˾߱װ֮⣬ʦĵĵʹÿһÿһῴȥԵüΪ£˹ǵ۵㡣
ڷ֮ǰѾ˵۹ǵȥ˲˺ܶصϣȷһЩṺһЩ岻Ṻ򣬲ȷľϾÿһĳɱǳߣ
ĳɱϸߣԣ۳ļ۸ҲǸߵףÿһҪǧöңʮһҪöˣң滹ΪǾλĸߵͣлֳˡֵ桱͡桱
Ȼǳ۸Щ߼ģԵҲȽ٣ԣ۸Ҳ̧øߣ
ЩǶȱ㡰СǮҪʶַֺģҲһ˳
Ȼ⼸汾֮⣬רΪŮ׼ġۺ桱һ汾ַ밲ݵĸ·ϸµдͼеַȻҲǷ棬Ϲİ£ЩŮǸ
һ汾ΪѪ桱רΪЩѪӵ׼ģۺ෴һ汾˼ԭΣдеں̻ġַΪ۹ܸõķչȫϣ׳ԼơЩѪүĳһѣ
ڹȦڹһȻġ磬Сү椵ʱȫַ統ʱ״̬šһжΪ˵۹ֱЩġӢСŮȻ£ȻͶͱȵȡ
֮ݲͬȺ֮ƥһף
ǣֻǶ̶̰µʱ䣬һ൱ɹ۵ĽַĿڴ
ǰĳɹץסʱʼ߻ֹ˰µʱ䣬ַԴҲ̳ˡ⡱ͬˡֱȵȡ
ڷ⣬޷ǾΪǿַΰרһƪеݻǰײƾŶַӡʼĶӣһУʱ˲Сĺ䶯Ȼ̸ǡʷпַ̻󣬻òٹүŮĸԸ
ͬˣȫΪʷп̻ļԭһ̫ɹ׼һϵУֻǣĿǰѾΪ˻ʵۣȻǲдУΪʱϵϣҲûзϵУֿˣǵеλãַҲһӽĨȥ󣬾ݡϰ˵ͬ⣬ŷͬ˳ȥ
УϰصϵзӦһ㣬Ϊַˣ𱬳̶ҲַԴ϶٣ֻվַĽǶϣɲԸ½ϵһ𡰷ݣԣڰݵͬ˴󲿷ֶǼٵģֻѧԺʱȥԭһЩġ
ֱǰĿģ˵ͬ˺ͷֻΪ׬ЩСǮ˳ǿһַôֱΪɽկ֮һչ춨
ֱڰ׺˵ַ緢һ´ʶϵбʷԼϵ˵ҪԵļ򵥡
ǷֲͬȺʮ汾ϵеȴǼ
ֱ˼壬ÿ춼ֱۡѩħǹÿ췢飬ҲͬʱΪ̼ңԼĲҵ档
ⱾַͰ׼ƻ֮ڵһҪĲ衣
˵Ҫɹǲлȫǵ
Ȼǰʱ򣬳ڸҵԭַ粢ûΪ˭ΪԼʲô棬ݣȻһЩˮ˵Ķ磬ѩħǹʲô֮һЩӪĶЩӪĶȴڰµеõֵּ
ȣЩѱַԵߵĹŮгַĹү࿪ʼģ磬ַһζĶΣӰ֮£ЩҲ̲סһٶΡ
Σܹ۲쵽ÿҲѡ˽⡱ַƽǵĺġ
ǣڰ׹۲˼õķ֮󣬾һƷͶŵгУһƷǰܵħᣬħӡѩħФħơ
Ҳͬʱַµһҵɽܵ´ġ֮ҡҲڵ۶ԭ¾ƹݴһϣ͵ͶӪ


ʮ ׷ˡ
ܵºͽܻһ˫ֵ̥ڰִʦ뿪֮ĵڶʮŻָģһĽܻܸɴľͽӸַ磬ѡʮ·ȻͲſʼѾ٣˵ǸûУܻо
ôһʱ䳤ˣȻսʿʵûУȴԻ֮Ŷļ⡣
ڽܻ׷ַ統Ȼһֱã׷ȨһҸ۳ɾ͸ߵͣʧˣԼҲڣаʹӰַԽܻܹϷõջҲеһ
Ͼõջʵڲǳܾסģһʵһ˲Ϊʥ֮µĵһˣʥ֮µǿǰһŴİֽһ
ͬѡãǾζԶʧȥ˽ʥʸ񣬿ǣϴ󲿷˼ˮ׼ͻƣ˵Ǵ˵еʥˡ
ַҺܿ϶ȷϣ٣󲿷˻ǵֵסõջһ㣬Ϣȴֻһ
ȻǿʵԴ˿ܷеջ
ֲðִʦΪȡôһˡ
ڽܻѡ·׷ʱַҲͬӽ˿ռָһ֮УǳܼԦģԣѡʹϱҪضԴ
٣Ŀǰַ绹ûҵʵѡ
Ȼ佫㽻ˣʱȽӡ
ڽܻѡͬʱܵҲľ
Ȼַ磬ܵ¿ΪװΪ׬Ǯַ粢ûаϣܵѡһ·ԥؽܵµѡ
ǣ֪ܵǲΪѡذִʦԼĶװ棬ֻǲִʦһļʧڻַָ֮ҪͶװҵ뷨
ǳذִʦַҲܾܵµҪڴӦ˽֮ܵѻ˴²źòԭ¾ƹݵһֱֶӽ˽ܵ´
֮ҡһֲַģǽܵԼ뵽ġ
һϣַܿܵĵ׶԰ִʦ磬Ҳܿܵǿų£صһҰġ
Ȼֵ֮ȷǰԵһЩΪΨһ˵Ľܵ£ȴһ֣Ȼû첻ǿϵȴȫ̳˰ִʦĴ켼뾭飬¾ǰеĸ߼ʦҲ˵Լװʤܵ¡
ǣڽܵԽ֮ͽ˵۶еķµ֮󣬱¾ƹݵһϣ׵˸
ַ粢ûи̫ܵƣȫɷӣܲΪԼ׬ǮֻǴҪģҪǽļմȥҲַĵ׵һ뷨ȻҲ֪ڲõδ֮һΪ׬һ
һµʱ䣬ַջҲ൱ľ޴Ǽ죬ܵ˿־ɭ֮УϽºռ㹻ĵϾѡ츮ۡλþСıϣܿͻе۹ΪĹۡ
Ȼ˶Կ־ɭֱ֮˭ֻ֪ҪӽǸصСͲʲô飬ַҲұ֤᲻ֻǵΪͽӽСԣʩԱϵ֮ǰȽռ˸㹻룬ĸڣǲõԴݽˣĸµʱ䣬Ҳ㹻ʩԱۡõˡ
ַʹ¡ϾʹڷﾲĵɫļӳЧڡ⡱ͬˡֱǰϦͻƵ˰˼۷ˮ׼
ңʵĹ֮УַܸоԼƺѾҪӽ˱͵״̬
ļǵãֻӵСԵĵ罣ҲǾôһ̣ԣһθоҲﵽ̶ֳȵʱַĵ׶ʱǻϲǡ
ϲȻǶͻƵڴ̲ס뵱ﵽ͵ʱֻͻƵʲô̬
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һ˲Ĺ򣬾亹ʪȫվԭòŽָ
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ַ籾˲֪ģҲûʱȥЩȻںҲ˼ǹɫ֮ôֲƣܿ뷣йأϾУƾĿ־Ҳ
ȥһЩַ籾ϵķչķչҲȡ˲Сĳɹ
ɽկ֮еĵӣһµʱ䣬Ѿַ󳹵׵ӡǵУֻ֮ҪģǳƷһϵеزƷͿˡ
ɽկ֮⣬ַʵҲǳڵ֪Լķؾƽԭı֮ʱַѿͶȸȥǰص·ϣȥһЩҪԼ۶ߵ֮ٶǰȥ
ңַʵ𽥵ȹ̣밲ݶͷҲǿ
һµʱ䣬֪ǲǰݵȴôѾĥȥյԣѾȵȲܻĹһַ硣ò͵ʱ͵͵ӵһַĴȣĿǴȵĿȻڳһֻȾ̬
ֻ˵ദʱܻʷظַϣֱַɧͷɰݡַüζ뽫ݾ͵ÿζǿ־֧
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ĿǰַǰҪ飬Ǿֻʣһ
ǾԱлΪҪ飡
һµʱ䣬㹻ССĹŰݷˣеʱûйǰֺԼˣյֹ͵ַҲΪдЩðųֵ׼
ĵص㣬ͶڵĹڲʱ䣬һİ


ʮ Ϯһ֣
һĻƻ裬Ȼ̸ǵ۶ʷΪֵĻƻ裬Ҳռ֮һ
λڵ۶йۡһϣֺѾֵһΧһˮйͨ⻹ص㡣
صǣֵĺѾɹ˲˵Ŀ⣬Χֳþòȥ
˵ĳ鵹Ҳʲôϡ飬Ҳô˵Χۣ˴εĴ췽ѩħǹͲòעˡ
һµʱ䣬Ϊְ汾ԴȺ󷢲Ѿѩħǹǵĵף֮ġֱϵУλ߸ϵĹ˳׵ǵС
ǶǸ߸ϵģƽû˽ǵһ
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ԣͨġֱ˽⵽ѩħǹڽհڹۡڹ壬˶ʱǰĿùǼ𺳳棬УۿÿջĻѩħǹһ
ֵһǣڡɽկ֮ƵġԴ롰ֱҵļΪ𱬣õҲǿɹۣʱΪɽկ֮CEOİΪҪʵҵ⣬ʵæַԾʹһӣֱӽҵ˳Ϊ׼˲ٸ
ңַҲΪҵһΪ֡
ĺĿںűǣԱ֤֣ϵһչȥ
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Ϊˣ۶Ѳ߾Ѿһάִֵ򣬹ʣµҲӦУǴ඼ڸڽ䱸ţڰУŹ۲ΧǷ춯֡
ΪҲһص˰Ͼֳ֮ǲʺϴҡڵĳڹǵ߷Χڣ˵ֵۡһֺгľǰʵ˽š
ʱϼӳϦ£Ϊ췽ְǵַ磬Ѿһױ׼ĹվڴǰӭǰĿˡ
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һ׷ȻǰЩӾõģַϵʱ򣬾ͿʼʮŮæµ£һ׻ҷ·Ȼַ緢ԶװʾЩУʽϣòô
Բλߵӣͻȥ˽һСʱʱ䣬ƨ˿ѾõԹ͢ŮæָоƨʹȴַоյЩ
·ϻڵĻߺͿŵһС׵ַоԼһµĴƷ
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ɫݹı׼Ȼǲϸġ
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Ҳǰһˣ
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ȻǵĿľַֺĻٽһַύ
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ڽύֶΡûбõİ취ˣ
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Щǵֻ̬ϣַܿԼŮһС檵λãҲˣԡһδ㣬Ǹ壬ҲַɫˡŵĹŮǡ
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·ַʱеǷֱǲַĿ⣬֮󣬲ȴΪһõĻ
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ʱһԸŮģĹ峯˹ַϸ־ԵЦ׼ٴӭǰȥȴʱİԼС˵һ䣺ˣһǰİоŮ
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һԸŮεɫַ統ЦһЦɵװİоҵ˼ˣĳĸлȫ½Ƕ֪ҵ̬ÿһ춼ܵعǰ
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󹫣ǱǸǸΪһЩ˽µ鵽ڲڳҺڿ֮ǰϵˣҪԺҿɾûԴඣװһϻ̳ϿֵģǿЦ
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ȻַȻ˵һ䣬ٴˣŤͷһ۴ڣҲͶĿ⣬ŤͶȥº͵ЦѾע⵽ˣһȥɣҪǼȴˡ
˵ţַһ롱ƣ㳯ȥ
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Ȼֻǹеһ뷨󲿷˵עǷַϣϾַǽǣЩŮַͶȥĿ֮Уѱȡ
ɭַķͷк󣬱һλͬеƺҪ˵ʲôɭ΢΢ҡҡͷʾʱҪ˵
ַĿɨȫֱӽŮǵİĽĿӵһԼϳůЦݣ˵룬һܺҵһ仰˵ʲô
΢Ц
ʵ˵·ҸеܡַЦЦΪʵ̫ˣҸоԺ
ʱǹЦЩŮǻȵΪַ仰øӻˡ
šĿǱʾллλҵҲлλǰ˵ַ΢΢һ£Ҳһϲ˵̫ϻˣԣʼɡ
仰£ԱѵȺʱֶӱһ֧ܰӣ֧ӵĳ֮£еնʱͳ
֮Уַϵһƣٴ˵һЩлĻ󣬱ͽⱭһ
·Ĺ漴ŶԼľƱ˴˱ơ
ţ˵Ŀٴξ۽ַϡ
մͳַΪˣڴһ֮󣬻Ҫһ֧裬赸ĿγڱѧԺѧϰԶ˵ѶҲֻǣԭһ֧Ӧ밲ݵ飬ɸɺϣ֮ǰ͸޲һ뿪ˡ
Ҳǰݵ뿪ڳеĹŮһĻᣬ۰Ͱ͵Ķַ磬ȴйͬӢ۵Ĵ࣬һŮǵʱѾ˲ô࣬׷Ŭǰ̽ӣϣַע⡣
мŮ¶Լ鹵ͼַĿ⡣
ַȴ̾һ˵һ
һʱĳЩŮǷһͽŵĵͺַ糯ĳȥطŮǶʱ㷢һɥ̾ϢվǸ丽ĹŮͷĵм˷ܵˡ
ַ糯ĿԽԽŮǷʧͺͬʱǸļŮֻȫѪҺӿͷؼ·һͷС¹ײַ糯Լķ߹ǼоԼҪҸιȥˡ
ַΧͶĻĿ⣬˰оڵǸ䣬һɫ¶ŵǷǷӣ΢Цһֻȥ𾴵Ůʿĵһ֧ô
һ仰ʱͷڳŮķģЩŮߵĸǣҲ̾Ϣһ
Ȼԣ󹫣¶Щ˳Һ˵һ֣Ҫע̬ŸϽѹǿַһڣ͸Ͻֱַۣǰ߳
ǣʵ̫ˣ˰벽һԼȹϣһӾǰ˹ȥҺַۼֿ죬һסʣȻ˴롣
ַ˼ȴо¶ڷɵЦѵҺ𣿡
Ȼǽҫ۵ˣұ룬ʵǡǡƽʱʵ¶ڴ˿ԽŵĶ˵ˡ
ַڶУͶ¶һɵ΢Ц㲻ټ§¶۵֫չ貽
һɵᣬԣַһ֧ʱ˱㿪ʼɷӡ
ԭ۹Ϯ屾ûж٣־һĴ뽻ԣұ˴˶Ѿ൱ϤˣʱΪַһ˵Եʣ󲿷ֵĹǶۼᣬҲ໥
£ҲԵһƬг
ַȻ濴ɣʵȴһֱΧû޲صǾ仰ǣһֱһ֧Ҳûгʲô춯
һ貽£ںĴ֮£ΧʱһҵĺȲ
ǣʱͷϷ컨ͻȻ˱ըͿһɫĺˣԼٶ˵ϣһزǿĳĽ⣬ָ·Ŀɭ


ʮ ȫ
仯ʵ̫죬쵽˶ûзӦ
һֶ̣࣬ڵ̸΢ЦشȲʣַ¶Ҳɱ赸һġ
Ҳһ̣ӷĺĽѾͿҪﵽͷˣ
һ̣ܵͷвȻɫ䣬ߵҲ㷴ӦνȻͷϵĺ˺һȭ
ͬʱΧĹǶʱ˺İľ˭ûϵѩħǹϣȻ飬ЩŮǵļѾЪ˹
ַһһϣ鷳ǾôˣΪ˴췽Լ飬Ÿ棬ǸѩħǹŶһ
ǣ鷳Ҳûа취Ÿոտʼȱֵʱֻӵ߼ʵͷ˵ټӵаɫ˵Ҳа˼ʵ
֮ǰϰǱۡȳԼһ㣡ʱͬΪżʵĶûз
ֻ˵ҪԼټʵǺѲ
ͬһʱ䣬ַҲ˶ߴ¶ֵ˻ʱѾ˲¶Сˣӣ˵һ䡰ȥһ߶šַͻɫһ˲Գ˳ȥ
ʱ˺һȭҲк˵Ľ⡣
ء
뽣ײʱ˱ըҲϽӣֻǣӵһ˲䣬۽ǵƲַŨİɫʱʱһüͷֻҵһ˲䣬Ͳע⵽ɫ
ʵոںƿһ˲䣬ԺѾгĴҲ֪ɱԼһȻץסλᣬԣûбֳôŵɫǣһݻǱġ
ݼǿǺһó
ǣӵһ˲䣬һеŶʧҲ˾ֵĺ˫۱ԴͼϽһȥ
Ҳʱ˺ȥĶɹĽ˵Ľ˿
һƿ˵ҲƳһԷ˰벽Ȼ˵ϣ˲ûȥǽŵƽһ£ƶ˺ߣֻ˾
ȴûԭͣżŵֱֱ֮˹ȥ˵ľ뱾ͲԶϺȫת˲ʹﵽ˺ǰȻзѾʱ˺ǰ
ַȥͬʱҲ˵Ķжʱһ£ʱȥѾﵽ˰˼۷ˮ׼
ֻǣԭ;˵λýԶȻڵһʱ䷴Ӧȫٳȥٶٿ죬ҲҪʱ䣡
ңַ֪Ǻ鷳֪滹һλʥǿߣλʥǿ߻ӣͲΣգԣһֻ̣ȥûʹÿռ˵Ķ
գ֮䣬ַڰ·ϵʱ򣬺˵Ľײ˵ĽҪǣǸڽ֮ϵĶһͻȻɢһ˺ѸУ˲ֱӴ˵Ķֱӽĳ飡
˵һϽʾĺ֪ͨгͬʱ϶ǣ˷ѵĳȻȥ
νΪۼΪʵȻҲ˵ַӵдսʿʵʼնţһۿַϵİɫжʱͽڵѩħǹǰַ绮ֿǣҲ¾Ͻ֪ͨгˣ֪ͨķʽ֮ǰѾԼ˰š
һ̣˵ĶַȴʱһеһӦӵоżʵڶӦǻԪأ
һ¼䣬ַõǷԼǰ̬ýܻԼһ£ʱܻĿֻǿôŹâһַ̣˿ռ䷨ԵʣԾ͸оܻǰƬռı仯µһ̣ʱоһ˺ѸУ
ֽԵ˺ѣƺܽǰ赲Լһж
һθܵԪصı̬˺ѸҲμļ䡣
ɢĻԪزʱַһ
Ҳһ̵Ĺںûü֮ʱҲں˵ĳʱδ̵ϵʱַͻȻһȻ󡭡
һַ̣ΪģͻȻһɾ˵ƣһ˲˵ĵףԶŵԴԴϵ˳ʱͽĿ־˼£
һľηԴԱܵľ֣ڳɫף亹죡Ӽ˺͹װģĿɭһ˲䣬͸еһ־ɵϢʧȥ˺
ЩԭΪͻȻ֣ϽԶԶ㿪ûüܳĹǣһʧڵأЩű¶Ůǣ˫ȶѾ÷ֵĺҲмŮӽѾһ̲ðҺ塭
˵ַתɫһ̣Щԭ߸ϵĹǳ̬ȫ¶ɣңԭֵĻҲһ̳װ
ַ綼֪ڹۡ棬ŵһ̣ںڰµҲѪɫȫޣקֻ֣ЩܿƵĲ
ַ籾˵ɫҲЩ̫ÿȻһµʱѾٴΣǾúӦ־ηֿ־ڸӲͷƤͷųɿֲƣңһεͷţĿֻˣ˸ܵĿ־ֻǡನˣ
˵׳ġ
ֻǸŶĳҲǰһ˿һȫʼҲİɫʧҲҲղס硱һ˵ϡ
һֻ̣˲ʱ䣬˶ʱ㡰ͨһ˵ϣĲѾ˳鴤ֱӻ˹ȥ
ַŸϽסɿֲƣҲջе磬Ҳһ
뾪ֵˣϽһԼĿ־ѹȥȻ㳯һ
ʵϣڰеںݶĵһ˲Ͳˣֻڸոմ˸ϵǰԶλõʱ򣬾͸ַܵɢɿֲƣһµʱȻҲǸܹģԣһȻҲѪɫЩܿƵĲַ纰ֵĵһ̣ҲȻع
Ǻ˵Ĵоʧְڶ»ûӦͨʱʱ㳯ַ絥ϥȥȻŵЩ㱣ȴһΣܡ
ַЩ̣æڴָŵڵػڳ鴤ĺˣһϽΣʣҵд̵۹Ϊˣһỹһ


ʮ ʧг
Ҳ֪һε˵ַ綪ӣڶڳ֮£Ҳٶ˵ʲôߵǰԽһץٶʧ˴֮С
ԶıӰַλһӦʱ䣬˹ȥϸ˲ɫǸǱǸû뵽ҵϻᷢ飬ģһϲ£һ
Ѫɫƺûдǹɾ֮лعַǸǿЦһЦȥЩ˵ǸӦңû뵽󹫴鷳
û뵽鷳
û뵽˲ʰ鷳ɣ
ַЦѣϲûбֳһĳһֻ֣ҪһļʾǸ밲οַ֣һһЩ̫Ȼ󹫣ǰ뿪ᣬҵĻ鷳պ󡭡ұض󹫣
ðɣȻ飬ȷûˡַջԼ֣ϧ飬֮źȥ֮ͷĵϢɣһ˵ݣĽҲһú⡣
һ䣬̾һҲ֪Ϊȷڵַ粻ǰǸ˶ڲ߻£Ƕַͷųǹɿֲ£ַʩһ񣬽һˣһ뿪
һ߳ϵǸʱʧһɶɫޱ࣬ȴǳ̾Ϣһ
˵ɫǻָƽУֻܵŶ԰׵ɫȴһʱָ˺̾Ϣһ߼ţһСѯʵˣǸһѩħǹܡ
ҲʲôܣҪ΢΢˰֣̾ϢһȷѩħǹǰǸ˾Ѿֵˡ
˵һ£µԵİɫģղǿֲƵԴأ
һ䣬ɫЩѿѵʥ𣿡
ȥгȻ֪ˡ̾һ߰ɣȥ˵顣
ǡ˲Ҷ˵æӦһ
漴˱ͳĬһǰһȥǣ߳ۡԭǰʱȴְݳг֪ʲôʱѾ뿪ˡ
˲ЩĿ˺һֻۣǻûüڣͶȻֱӻȥ
˵䣬أ˳
̧ͷӵ˹ʥķһۣ˹ۡһۣһ
Ȼ󣬺ĺ㽥ʧ˳־ͷ

ַڿ˸ո߳ȥʱ򣬱תŹ˹ϵǸǸɨ˸λ¡
һ仰ȻǷַķθͬڿɭףڳĹǶ޹ģԣַһȥþöûֱͬʱҲ̾ϢȻɿֲƽ飬Լζʧ棬ȴǶˡ
ʱҲһĻعǽģҵɫ̫ÿ俴ĳ赹Ůŵµ̲Һ壬⼸Ůĸףɫޱȡ
ַһ֮ʣҸϽһԼɫҲϽԶ뿪Ǽελá
УһȥĽΪ׳һСӵĹԥһ£߻ûдӾлָŮʾο󣬱ǰߵַߣȰ˵󹫣һε˭û뵽ÿҲȻϣھΣΪ˭Ԥϵ
ȥôһ˿Ȼûȫָ
ַһ䣬֪ǶԷԼ̨ף˳ֱӣģʱжʱһ£ǲɫɴǸ˵壬û뵽ξȻ顣
ַ統ڹԼһ䡰塱˲ʱ˲٣ȴǻֵ̿󹫣ƺʵǲҵ
˵һ䣬˲Ҳܺʱ˵תƿ˻⣺֪󹫻Ҫʱ䴦飬Ͳټˡ
Ļ˵ϣַҲֻ˳˵ȥǺðɣȸپۡ
˲ʹŮ뿪оһߣĹǶʱҲ̸ǣ飬ַҲ֪޷ˣֻܸЩ尤ǸĿһ뿪
оһַǵģ¶뿪ʱַԵע⵽¶ԼУĳݺͻ֮⣬һ˿־壬ֻһȻҲŵòᣬڰоߣ˵һ仰
˶뿪˴ַӻûֶȥ㳤̾һ
ڴдַ֮ԼĲӣ߳˴εķ첽ȥ


ʮһ 
ʱҹĵ۶Ҳѻع鵽˳ŵУԭڹֵۡϵʧֵյģżܼѲ߾·˴һɵƤѥ
߹ŵԵЩ䣬ΰĹϣճͬʱƽ˼į
һΡĽһ־ĥ²ŻµĲɣׯϣĺҹ֮У˸оһѹԵĺظС
֮ڣ˳Ŵĳ۵Ĳ·һ·ȥһΪĵططĳ̶Ѿ˴ȴûдɭϵЩַ̻ĸ
еׯʥͬһĵطԵЩɭ
ŵĻһֿտĸоܵǽҲµĺۼǣĵطȴ߸һϵ׶ΡӣֱʣƺѾﵽ˹߶ȵľͷ
׶ΰ΢ħԵޱȺأؼǣȷǼΪŹ֡
ͷڵϣԽԽ֣ϸһ㣬۲쵽ŰԽԽԽ֣ҲʱһЩصķģַԽԽܼһֱִĶ顣
ⶥϣһ޴ɫʯɢ͵ĹâǰĿռ
ɫʯĳվһߣȫһɫڣ͵ӷ·һ֦ܽһŵǸȨ֧ŵ棬¶վˡ
£ѾԽԽˡžĻ֮ͻȻһᣬȴޱȹĵһӰͳʮ֮ĵط
ž޴ɫʯĹâҫǿ˵һֲ£ͷһñӣ仰µһ̣޴ʯµλߣ̻ʣͻȻ̾Ϣһ
һ̾Ϣ޾ɣڿտĻдȥⱾԵЩɭĵطһ˿ļš
󣬹̻ʱ㻺תӡ
ϵǵһƣɫ԰׵Ľֻ˫۾֮УȴһֵעǣյǸȨȵϣһѺۡ
ҵȷԽԽˡ⡮̨ϣһʱȥ̻ʵȥЩȴƽݣ룬ҲһܸӦͿҪ˰ɣ
һ䣬̻ʵԵЩ㡣
ǵģ¡г΢΢ǷǷһ֮е˿ˣȴǺأһȥͿɭһҺܳԾ顣
뷨ȥɣһʱ䡭˵̻ʿ˿ԼȨȣˡ
¡гȥ˱ˣ֮һ
ѾŲǸʱˡ̻΢΢ҡҡͷƽڵ˵˵ɣҰһν𡭡Ժ󣬹͢Ҫȫˡ
ǡг̾ϢһŬԼ״̬Žڹۡǰܵǹɿֲϸ̻˵һ飬󣬲һ䣺֮ұ˳ϢԴ۲ȥǹɿֲϢԴͷѩħǹѵǸѩħǹҲһλ𣿡
̻ƽϿ˿֮ȴһ˿⣬Ĭã̾Ϣһ㿪ڵȷɵƣѩħǹʲôˣʵ۾ȻλҲ˳ȥ
ݿɭ˵ѩħǹᣬΪ˻ʵŻ͵ġгƬֵ̣ҡΪҲܹŹ֣ͲԼĶ̬ȫ½˽⵽ճ
˵гͻȻǰһæһ䣺ˣ޲صĹϵã޲صŮһθ龭Ļ޲صŮȻܿͻ
Ŷ̻ʵ֮йâһѩħǹҲڰ͢ˡû뵽Щڰ͢Ѿʥǿˡ
г϶ʱһ˿˿ֻһһ̣Щɻ¡˵ڰħ˯ʱûа취ȡ˵ѵεĺڰ̻Ѿиѩħǹ
ܡ̻ҡҡͷȻȴǿ϶κڰ̻ʺᣬôгȥңںڰħҲ֮ʣڰ̻һ޷뿪
ǡгʱüͷձô˵ѩħǹħˣ
һΣ̻û̿ӦǳĬ֮󣬲̾Ϣһ˵һ䣺Ѿħѡվںڰħһˣֻǲ֪ĸħһأ
һ䣬гٴθֳɫͬڷһһε·һ㣬֮жĲܣֱ治ѩħǹɢƵԴĸħͷ
㣬ųʥôľ£֮зֱ治Ҳ̻΢΢˿ֻϧڰ̨ϣ޷ղ̽Ǹѩħǹ
Ҫٸϻȥϸһ£ٽҵĸ£гĿ
ˣڵʵȥֻݾߡ̻ҡҡͷǹһ˿ԵĻȣֻҪĵȴѾͿˣѹе֮ħһҲͲĶ֣
˵һ䣬̻ͻȻǳгķȻѩħǹҲͣھͲҪȥ߿ɭһ㣬òҪѩħǹκĦ֮һжõ
ǣгǷǷӣھȥµ˼ɭ
ȥɡ̻΢΢˻֣Ժ͢ԼˣҪˡ
˵һ䣬㲻гתֳ޴ɫʯȥеĬһʥŻɬַﴫ޴ɫʯʱзһ˿һ˿ĹâһȽȽƮȥ
г˳ƮȥĹâ̧ͷһۣһŻ뿪
ۡ
ַ粢ûֱȥʺˣͻȻһ£ȥķ䣬Ϊÿһɢǹɿֲʱ˶ɫ԰ȣǣȴ£Ե쳣˷ܣÿζַá
ַ˼飬ȻҲʹൽΪʲôС֧֧˵ַֻա
Ϊεᣬַһʱ׽Բأ˽ӽʱַ綼оҪˣСȴһδģַֻƭСȥ緹˼ŮӥץС淨̸ǣˣ
ֱƻ轵٣ǶʱַյŮ֪ͨ˵Ѿ۵˯ˡ
ķ֮󣬸ַԤϵСѾǹɿֲƾѣһַ絽ʱһ˷ܵģַſֻС첲ϡ
ַһϷˣһ극ˣ׼ٴ˯
˯һ֮ԵüΪ񣬲ַôһ˫۾ﶼɣַۼˣֻܷ˺˯뷨ԼҪȥһˣԹԼڲص˵ͷַ֮һ
һ뿪ķ䣬ֱַεķ첽ȥǸӵоżʵĻԪأһͻȻԼۡûƵסССĵΣҲסżǿߣ
ԣַɫ䲻Щż˵οڣʱ΢ġ
ȥϢһ߽˵֮С
֮ۡǰ˺ܳһʱ䣬ַԺҲûڵϻ˼Ҳûʹã˵Ϯĺǵڵĵһˡ
һοڣַӭŵһĶ΢΢üͷû⣬ֱӳ˽ȥ
ڵεһη֮УѾȥ·ĸֵһϣֻǣȻѾٳ鴤ԻδѣԴһͷҵĽɫڸǵʵʵ
ַ翴һˣûżкζĴһۣȷȻ˲һ˲ܺ󣬲Ű˰֣ʾ⿴صԳȥˡ
ǹ뿪ַϸϸشһηһۡ
ηʽžɣǽڶֻǼ򵥵ʯͷηҲѾĲӡ
Щʪﻹһʢ˰ͰˮľͰǸոѾ򵥵Ľηһ顣
ַûκγɣľͰ˹ȥľͰ˨ӵ˵ԴȥͬʱҲעˣ׼βԾʱתڵɫٴס
ϾַҲֻа˼۷ʵͲһĶ֣ȻַӵֿԪصľżսʿҲûжٵס
Ȼַ粻̫ԸٴγֵܵĸоˣȴΨһİ취ˡ
һͰˮùȥʱʹʪ˺˵գҲ˳
һرͨĳ࣬ûκͻص㣬ĿԼʮңȴΪ㲣ϵĺȥٶЩǷϣˮһĶһԴʶĺһȻƤһ£Ż˫ۡ
ңʲôַ֣ƽ
˷˫ۣƺûдӾлָֻ۾֮жЩãȻַ翴ɫ΢΢˿˷Ӧ
һȥ˵ǳ˽ֻ࣬ǣûüΧʱȴÿַűӣƺǵ汻ַŵˣʶľһæˣȴ㷢ԼѾ޷
ңʲôΪʲôҵд̿ɭַٴƽĿڣȥ֮ҲֻԼ֪﾿жôĽš
ַʱһֻǣַʱвڻָûлشַ磬Ҳûڵһʱͽ͵ǴԼһַۣ磬¶һ˿־壬ڵ㡭ûɱң
һ仰Ȼ־Щȴʣһ̾Ϣź
ַԷﲻɵЩɻ󣬵˲ûʲôʶҲǷģûٴظһ仰üë٩ôͺô
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ҷ˫֮дһУޱߵʹࣺȻɱɭǸ쵰ΪʲôΪʲô
һȻһʵ˼
ַһüͷɫ˲ѵţҪףҵң㵽ڶûгɱ˵㻹ôȥôֻҪʵʵĻشҵ⣬Ļش⣬˵һ
һ仰ԭȥӶʱ͸һ˿ʰɡ
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˽ӱա
ݣ
նһ£ŵƽûݡ
ƽ񣿡ַʱ˫ۣӵôǿʵֻһƽ񣿡


ʮ ɫӶų
ƽʰŶ˼һʣڲͬ´˼Ҳַͬǰûй˼ࡣ
ܶ˶ɡ˴򹤡˼ڹ˽ֻϰ࣬Ǹ˴򹤣Ծͽй
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磬ƽһҲǰŶ˼һֵλһݣͬʱҲܶ࣬˼ָЩûȺ
磬˾ˣȻȺҲˣġƽϰ塣
磬۹ʿʿһľٶоΣȺǱλߴһݵˣԣһҲڡƽ񡱵ķ롣
ڵʲôûÿ˵ĶȻͬġ塱ָһִơ
еʵˣһЩϽĵˣȻƽľżսʿȥԪز˵ֻ˵ȼҲ˾ġ
ھżսʿҵļѡҲһֲԸܵҵ䵱һЩ˽ͳ죬Ҳ
һּΪձ󣬵ȻҲ⣬ַ粻Ϊվ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣˵ֻǵһƽȣӵôǿʵĶûκΪġƽ񡱳һЩԸ֮¾ͺҵˣ
ǿַҲûѪ߾һõӣûκιͷΣҰƽ𣿰ִʦҲûκιݣҰҲƽ
ѪߺͰִʦˣȻǲ쳾е飬Ϊǵʵ̫ǿˣ󵽿׸ıпܱ΢磡Ҳ˵ǵĵλڹ塢ҡ۹֮ϵģ
ʲô塢Ұ۹ֻһ߶ѣ
ԣǸͲȥЩס飡
أȻӵоżʵĻԪأ˵Ѿվڴ󲿷˵ǰˣȴȻûѪߺͰִʦ׵߸
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˵ȻյѾ㹻ǿ󣬵׵磬
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ԣַվĸǶȣܰѷǿľżսʿΪһƽ񡱡
ȻҲַĻп־ɢĸɾҲǸоԼַĶ֣仰Ц˺һŽעַӣ𾴵ѩħǹˣʣҽһ𣿡
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ԣƽĶͲʺԸǣҺʱ뿪˼ң˱ԭҼһ֧С͵ðն飬ʱҾ֪ҪѾˡ
յɺᣬǼ򵥵˵һͨ飺ϲִ̼ϲԵͻƵĸоԣˣҵʵķɿ죬̶ʱ䣬ұ˶
ַû˵ȴǵ˵ͷһ΢еӵˣһЩðڱԭΧԵ֮Ҳ֮С
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յ˵ͷͷȴԵ
ǣ֪ɫӶŸӦûʲôͻɣַƲƲ죬һΪȻģңô˵ΪһŵųԼĳӶŽΪӶŵʱ򣬾Ȼô꽨壿
ûеļҷַɻ󣬷̧Դƽַ磬ͬƽѩħǹˡȻ˵֣ȻҲ֪ɫӶһ壬ǣҲóԷҲû̸ֺ룿
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ǣҪĿ뾫鹵ͨħϽ˺ܴãΪһ㣬ַ˿Ӷŵ棬˺ļΣͲԸӶŽˣ
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ңԼڸյλӣڶ˫۵£Ȼܵôصƣ۳ĸǶȣԼҪ̵ʱڽԱȫѩħǹԺ岻ᳰЦԼδɱ»ᷢ
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ַԽԽտ¸ͲɫӶŵųǺһְŵˣ
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˽ֻһ򵥵ıƣҪвֻҪԻҲвǻʵȫԽ˳׽𣡣
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һ䣬˿ٶȱƽ˵ĲҶԵȷͬʱԸܶսʿʱҲûͻƾżڰ˼۷壬ԷӵżսʿңżսʿеҸͲʶǸʱҾͶԿɭ˻ɡ
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ҡͬˣΪʲôͿɱƽΪʲôɱ˾Ͳ㴥ɣΪ˶ģΪʲôҪƽȥǶȴǲƽķɣ


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Ъ˹ҳһɷ벻ʵĻַﲻһɵᣬȻոʵǿᣬϾֻһ˶ѡ
⽨ͳεУƽûʲôƽԣϾ鱻ָ͵Ĵ󻷾£λȼɭϣÿһײǵһѹͲʲôƽ
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ƩڣΪյ伤ҵԴǣַ뵽ļ䡣Ǻλ߳Ҳȵίȫ͸Ӳ֮һ飡
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㹻ŻνĹƽ
뵽ַвɵһӿܻصǰֺгʱͲô۸ӵìˡ
ֻǣڻǸпʱΪַվڵȼĽǶϣЩͷҲֻһ˲Ժһͱǿѹĵס
˿ļķӿƽԼƽһǰ߿ļһһ˼գδһ죬ʱеҲߵһɡ˼ɡɡƽʱҪףʱ
ַ仰£ϵķ߿ȥԭѾ˵仰ֻеĲǣҲףҪʵԣϵıʧҲĬ
ַ粢ûм˵ʲô֪Ҫһ侲ʱ䣬ȴеķŭ벻˼ʵصµĴϾַ֮սʲô࣬뼤ŭҲɱԵʱȫԽˣҲòһͰˮˡ
ߵһ֮ǰȻҲ˳ֵ׼ԣûַ̫ãƬ֮̾һѩħǹˣ˵ҶףҲֻڽ֮ǰԹһ°ˡ
˵һ䣬˿ͷ컨壬ѾָƽУ֪ҶʲôҸһѹҾ֪ҵѾߵ˾ͷҲ֪ûдҵĻõҪģǣе鶼Ѿ˵ˡ
Ȼһʼ˵˵һʼնû֮ʰĻȫ˵Ѿˡ
ĺллллһαĻᣬ֪ҲĶ֣ҴûҪߣҵھϣԾɱңҪټʹгȥˡ
˵ձ۾
ַע⵽յȻһ˵Ļȴĵʵ뷨
һǴѡɱò˵仰֮˵һ䣬ʹжϣţǲľôȥȻ˵ϣＫΪ΢΢ϣûԼԼ
ԡַ綢ŷյݿãȷŻ˵ôôˣԶҲʵ֣ͬЩԶҲûлᱨˣҸһĻᣬ㻹ѡô롭Ӧòֻ֪ӱܵų򣬲ȻҲͲнһʱˡ
ַ仰˵ĺƽյĶУȴһ
ʶ˫ۣտַţȥһЩ˵ҷߣ
ŶôءַЦЦʱҡҡͷ
һ仰յϳһ˿ŭַЦҲ˳Цǣ˵ʲôʱַȴȿڣֻһַࣺգҲߣҲɱ㣬෴һ㡣
ңյɫһ˲ֱô
ǵġַ˵ͷͳȻܸλһһΪͬ鱨ѩ޵ĻᣬԺ㲻һڰ˼ȫԹҿɭ鷳Ͳ鷳ʱʱҲȫɱ˿ɭʱġ
˵յϵĴѾɻ
ַ罫ı鿴΢΢˿ǵģµûֻҪΪҵˣΪ£ͻй󱨳Ļᣬңǵ㻹룬Ҳᵢܳʱ䡭ʮֻ꣬Ҫʮ꣬ӽʼֻҪʮһʱ뿪ȥ׷Ȩ
Ȼʮ֮ڣұضɱԸңҵһҲõӦõĳ͡㿴һʴȵˣô
û˵ΪѾ״סˣôҲ벻Լܼһܵõѩħǹİ˹ΪܣҪΪͬ鱨ȻͲңɼΣֻۡʮɰˣ
ڻᣬѾ˾ż׵ʵʮ֮ﵽż۷ĲθͲڻ£ƾԼʵĶµʱǿдԽĵҲʲôʮ֮Уڹ£˵ǰȫ֮ô㣬Լûоܾɡ
ھ֮£ĪͰôɣȻҲ⣬ַ磬ϵıǸӣֻＷһ仰Ϊʲô
յʣַ֪ѾӦԼϾڷյһ·û·ȷһ㣬Ҳǳ׷һ䣺ΪʲôһҪ㣿ֻֻҪΪʮꣿ
СһΣյࡣ
֮ԸʮޣΪҺ׷ˡ
ַ絭˵䣬ͻȻһתڵһ⣬ΪĿͬɭĳˣͬҲҵĳˡ

ӵҹѸɫЩƽµĹâסñͺڰĴظӺڰַ翴һɫڵοڵ˰֣ԸȥϢɡ
飬Ӧһ֮뿪
ַ翴ȥıӰʧںҹ֮УͻȻһϱ¶ɵЦݡ
һȻʧ˼棬һˣȴﳩࡣ
ʵϣַڴϳնԵʱ·յĴ㣬Ͼ˵ĵ˾һ仰ûдģңԪżϵǿߣ˿ɪգ´½Ҳҳˣ
ǣҪ·գͱҪ÷յıԼûгͻַҲͷһ߰аһЩܸ鷳ͿˣȴΪá
벻ǣղɾһַһֱͳݵɫӶųȷ˷յ֮÷ճΪԼͳĴ㡣
Ͼйľ飬һǹôһӶţҪǣȫ׷ˡȻȺ˶ΪĿ꣬ǣ飬˺˲ģǸͬŬȴҪȱջٵʱ
ɫ󳬼ӶԾ϶һһģɫӶŵĳɱȴҪȿӶĸߣ£ѱӶϽ໥Ƚϡ
¹ɫӶţѾ֤һλɫĹˣ϶ԽԭΣվҲһɫͳеĻʣűսָһʹĽѵĥ£Ĺս˼άʽȻҲкܴĽ
ҪǣԼŹͬĿ͵ˣڶԸϣԼ˵ʲôȻḶȫ
˵ʵûбʺԼͳѡˣ
ϵ⣬ʮʱ俴ƺ̣ܶؼǡȻʮ֮ѣһѣĻ֪ʲôʱ򣬵۹治ڶ˵˵ѩħǹľλˡ
۹;λһڣǾ͸̸ʲô˽ͳˣңַҲںλںֻڹ֮ǰ⵹ȳһô򵥣
ڹ͢ڰֻ͢ǹͺڰ֮ìܣŲͽȥȻʱ϶ΪݵԵʣҪڰ͢һѣϾδ飬˭֪ʲô仯أ
ԣַ·ǿ֣͸еܳˡ
һ·գͱҪáƺ󡱵ĹȣԼ۹ѩħǹӱҪȫأҪȫ½ѩħǹĵλַȻ󣬻Ҫͬʱ÷ˣϷڴ½ϡʧԲ
ڸô飬ַʱѾ˶Բߡ
ûһĹͼҴҵĸ˹ƺǵַȵ̫ãβһµƵƤ׾ֱ˹ַߵʱŰµŦ۸ոϡ
ַ֮ǰͷԸȥϢλԼһദͬ᲻µͷԣڽӳ˯нѣַǸ⣬ǣҪε˲ſԼȥո𲽵ŵù˳֮⣬߾ûˡ
ԣַҲ֮ѡ
ǱǸô˻˹ַǸļ
ƺҲϰַ־ٶַ绰Ǹ΢΢ЦЦʾް֪ԼݵĽɫֻǣദ֮£Ҳڹһԣ˵һ䣺֪ҿ϶Ҫ顣
ȷȱ㹻εˣҲֻܰҰˡַ˵ͷȻ̾һյĶ߿ʼСԼļƻ˵˳
ַĿǣϵıҲǣһַķԸɫȴԽԽŹ֣϶дһɸȴѿɫ
ַ翴ɫһ֣صļ򣺡¾ͽˣܰĺȥɣץʱ䡣
ǣȥɫȻѿһ㣬û˿ɣ˵䣬㼱Ҵҵȥٴʧ˺ҹ
ַ߻˵֮Уٴγʱ򣬻һ·ķҲ˳
·ַӿռָҵһףһ֮ǰΪ˶ܶӵ߻뱣ѧԺʱѾ˶ײ£ųĵһˣҲΪ˸һʱ䡣
һγַ֮¹۲һ£ȷû˿ԼֱӴŷٶȳԼķȥ˶Ǹ֣ȻǲᱻۡڵѲ֣ܿ죬˾ַ緿档
վſڣַ΢һ£÷ȥԼȥһķ䣬ķ֮ȴС椲֪ʲôʱѾ˯ˣǣַûκγɣڽŮֱ֮뿪ķ䡣
ǣַ粢ûоôֱӻԼķ䣬һ˵Ľ䣬ٶȻһҹ£ֱӷǽԼĸۡ˳ȥ


ʮ ƺ
ⷱĵ۶һĹأǾǽÿʱʱ˶Ҫֹͣڵ۶ĽֵϣȻֻԴԼãħʦ͹廹Ѳ߾⡣
Ȼַλ۹ѩħǹԴ󷽷ĳȥҲûѲ߾Ҫ²ܾκˣ֮Դһҹ£ǲ˷ԼݣΪҪǣҹ»ĺҹ𵽺ܺõıЧ׵ĶѲ߾顣
ƾڰ˼۷ʵҹ֮аɫĶۣƾٶȣʹѲ߾ǰɳ۶ҲѲ߾ĶӡȺѲ߾ǿҲֻΪԼۻˡ
ʵϣһЩŷḻϱ֪˼жҲʲôϾǿɲӵаɫ˵Ķ֣ңǳԵ۹ĻҲΪ˻ӣûսǵİѾϰˣĳʲô飬ȻľٶţʱҲƽʱ˼ʹϵõĵùڹֲǵͷϡ
ǵѲ߾ûгһЩɧ֮ʱƽʱΪչǲǷҲ۸۸̯СȥԡѪսǲŲɣ
ԣںҹһİɫӰֻɫӰӣͨѲ߾ǾǿҲװ
ιιղķ˹ղſ𣿾ǰԶĵطɹȥһɫӰӣ۶ڵĳֵϣһЩ±ŵԱĽ׳ϱļ֮ЩҲһЩֻš
ղķ˹б±һۣں˵˾䣺𼪶϶ۻˣʲôɫӰӣɺɣǶġ
㡭û𼪶һ⻰һֲ̧ΡΡָǰһ֮ѾǾ֣͡Ǹط
ˣˡղķ˹һ²ӣ㿴ֻҹλ꣬Сֵģ
Ρλꣿⲻ˵ãһ˵𼪶ֵЩߵһŽһֱֻסղķ˹ĸ첲Ӷȥ
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𼪶Ӳһ£ղķ˹ֱ۸ˣضղķ˹һһж˵á
£ղķ˹˿쿴һɫͻȻѿ𼪶ֻ첲Ȼֻ첲§ס𼪶ӿҪˣʱҲ쵽ˣȻȥϢɡ
𼪶Դһ£һߵģԴղķ˹Ļһֻᴸղķ˹ؿڣû
󣬺ҹֻʣղķ˹ٺֱЦ
ǰԶĳһַʱ͸оһӿë
ԭǵһҹ͵͵ûʲô飬ﱾ̲סЩţղŴطʱСıѲ߾ˣԼٶȼǱ𼪶һȼеľһ
ǣַæ㵽һﾲĹ۲죬ԷֹѲ߾ע⣬û뵽ȴĿõôһĳ桭
ò׿סθķӿĿһԱɽѲ߱ǰϣʧĺҹַ˼żĿĵظȥ
һΣһεĽѵַС࣬ĻرѲ߾ûĵص㣬СĿĵء
ַĿĵزطıѧԺ
ʱҹ֮УѧԺѱüžַһĿһѲ߾ѧԺǰ߹ᣬɵķǽԾѧԺ֮С
ֻڰɫ֮£һɫӰȫŰɫٵĴѧԺĵ·֮УĿԣԺ޲ص鷿
ҹͲѧԱûԣ޲ص֮ҲûţϾʥʵڴ½Ҳûм֣ܳΪֵˣҲǼסġ
ַ޲鷿ΧһȦȷû˻ᷢԼæܵ鷿ǰߵ鷿ŵʱԺȴֱӾ޲صɣû
ַûгɣʱƿ鷿Ĵţ˷С
һ鷿ڣ㿴һ˯µ޲һϣڻ谵͵±һĿţһµԼ߽㽫һԣֱӣ̧ͷƽôˣôңѵѴ𣿡
ǰ
ַ̾أһѽϵĺڲ¶ԼݣǰδԼûκԺˣҴ鷳ȷܼ֣ҺѾ뵽İ취ˡʱȣ˵ˣһʱͶˡôһˡ
˭޲ûκηϻֱ˵ص㡣
ַ΢΢˿³һؽ

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ַˣҲûжͣ˵ͷʹϰһǽ뿪˱ѧԺһδڵ۶ֵڣعۡ;УַŴϰؿ˽⵽ԼͲöѲ߾ߣҲᣬϰ˵Լ뷨
һǽ˹ۡ㿪ڵѲ󣬱ֱӽַķ䡣˲ûֱжȥҹ£ֻǽϵĺڲժ
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ϰϸϸض˷ã˼ɫ󣬲˵ͷӦòѡ
һ䣬ַһæ˵ؽǾ鷳ˡ
£ϰص˵ͷٴδĺڲ߳Լķ䣬֮󣬱һһ䣬֮ǰ·ǡĿŵĳεķȥ
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ҺãûһĹص˹ڣַԶԶĿæӭȥ
ɫЩÿһЩ԰ף촽ԵúѪɫļϣһɫĴӣĹĵģȻǱ˶
ˡַ翴ɫļʾοȻ󣬹˲϶˵һѴļ϶ɫӣһ߳ȥһ˵һ䣺ҽȥɡ
˽ΣСĵס˵εĴţַǰյη֮С
ʱηĵϾֻʣ˷յһ·ַ翴һۣ㽫ͷĺɫķ˵ϣҲԼ۾дʣ۾֮ǸɫӾһ
ַľٶ¶˹ŹֵɫƺЩ⣬ַ翴һۣ˵һ䣺ÿ˶ϣǰ󡣡
˵ŵͬʱַҲȻɫӣӳģһʬ塣
һʬλԣʬȻѱףûиãȻŸȥû졣
ûлᣬΪڽĸл£ձΪ޷عĻԣҲֻЩļһŻᱻڻ
ΪҪһʬ廹Ǻ׵ģĿȻǸϾΪɱֽҹỹŵվĸǶϣַΪ˸һֻԼһʬˡ
ʵַҪҸʵѣҸβūɱ˾ܽһǡʵġҾʬҪʵ࣬ңû˻˵ʲô
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ֻǡڶĵ֮ڣǴĺҹôľ֮¹۲һʬЩ˷ë
֮ǰһȥǽʬɫȻѿ˿̸ַһɫǺַ࣬ϸشʬСʵ𣿡
ԣϲôһ㡣ַ΢΢̾˿ɫҲЩ̫ÿ
ڶУʱæٻȥһ߰ɡ
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ϰҲ֪ʱţûж˵ʲôֻǵ˵ͷ
ַʹһɫջ⣬ַ߳˷䡣
֮ĵ˵֮ǰͷȷûκ˷֮£˱һ˵֮С
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˵䣬뿪ַ̾˿ڵϵķգԴǸʱһؽҲһߣ֮ڣֻܴ¶ˡ
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Ƚʬͷ޼յͷʱҲѾصηڣַӹݹĽɫȾϣȰʬͷɫȾ˸һĽɫùƺɫļѪͿĨʬϣվϸϸʬ֮䣬жٲͬĵط
Ƚʬղַ֮÷վһ£һ΢΢ʬһ
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ˡճַ΢΢Ƿһӣһ۵ϵʬ֮󣬲ųη֮ȥ
Ȼֶַ˵ˣȥ½׼һ¶֮󣬾ͰʬȥΧŵ۶תһȦšֱӸۡǰˣðȥ鷿ңȻͻȥúϢɡ


ʮ 
һϣЩԭʱѱյͨȴһס÷ĵ۶ǿЩ谵
ϡС꣬Ҳһˬһɸʺ˯һкܶ׼ʱţȻôѽӵ⣬³һȣȻСֻ߿һ³ġ۶ձеġСšҲʧ⡣
ȴֱϵеƳѾճеһϰߡ
ǵ۶Ĳгϣ˷һ߷ʵ߲ˣһ߿ġֽʱм˽ͷӶСŹյֱϵн᲻ǰۣΪǶڴѩħǹľָƼĳ棬Щƽ˵ŲɵֵϾͨҲ˽⵽ᵽôһˡ
Ҳʱ򣬵۶Ĺۡ˴ţ߳һЩһɫĴףĶбĳ㳡ķȥǰѩħǼѫ־۹λߵĹ
жĺ棬ſһװ¶ͬһ˻õ¶ԭλϣ˿ֻ̾ʣ˹ͺͺһľ壬ľϣȴһź£ѱʬ塣
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ΪϳʬԼͻȻƿɱǸˣʱΪܼңİţںƷݵһɲ͸ÿ
˵ʵµʱҲŵòᣬǿ˺ϵǹɰɫǣҲĿԭ߸ϵĹǾʧģֹ°ӡԱȣȴаˬһѡ
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Լ˴ûĵޱߵԺУ˿̿µѾһ߱ʬԼ󣬰б㲻ԾĶԼ˲һĪĳݡ
ƺԱҫûҰµ˲ƢǸͷӺϰٱҲö֣ƾ˵ƶܰѴսʿιȥô
ȻȻǱԺ̬㲻ûֱӱϡ
һС黺㳡ķʻȥһ·ȻҲ˲˵Ŀ⣬ԭڵĺſȵĵʱͱֵĶ˹ȥǰı־ʱ˾񣬿ǣֿŵǾ߱ʬ壬ﲻɵɻ⵽Ƿʲôˣ
ͬʱҲԽ콫Ҫ۳ֱϵԽԽڴ
С·гԽԽҲɵþۼС˷ǺΧȺڽĿͶжϵͬʱҲ⵽ô¡
ֲ֮Уһһ´ľ˱ֵļΪм۷׷ףϵӸˣ̲ס˵һ䣺Ҹǰɣʬ屾ǹڵˣϵڹ淸˴Ϊʧ棬һ֮¾ֱӽϽУǸڹǸ
һ˵һȺ˵Ŀ⣬̲סߴ˵˵㻹֪ʲô
ߴ٣¶һģͬʱҲ̲סɵףô֪ѵڹˣ
һ仰УӶʱͰڳһС򶨣ͬʱһģǰһָС㣡ţ
ôһ飬͹ΧȺĵ׵ĺ棬һϽߴȥ
Ӽ˵Ŀⶼ۽Լϣ¶΢΢ܵı飬֪ͳһ飬ϣģĿڵʵأһʫˣ˼½ʶǷȻǶĳЩ顭
һ仰δ˵꣬ԶһǲϹûǾʬ廹ҹôǹ˵ˣǵģ֪ͱϹ˵һ͸Ҷ
ι˵˭Ϲأ⾫ͲˣʱתȥͿһ׳Ůһ߱뺷ӣһŭĿԼ˵أôţȻҸҸ̧ˣһȥʰ
ǼŮˣʱһ⣬漴͸Ͻһԣ϶һ˿ǸЦݣ̧˫ֱȻţǸˣ㡭
ʲôң˰ûӰԭëַˣ뺷ŮһѾסӵĶ䣬žȺȥϽһȥԺٳˣ
ۡ۰ˣ˵ȫһᡭӵѾ˵ԶȥıӰС
ֻһȺվԭأƺûӦ
Ƭ̣һֵȺһ뿪ΧһƬ֮УҲɢȥ
˶ûע⵽ԵĲԶһܼҴģһ̸֮ʹ˳ֵȥܼҿŵǾʬǰѫº϶ʱ¶ɻɫ
漴Ҳ˲ϼɹ˾ż뿪˲г
ֻǣܼҲûע⵽ڲгĳ֮УһŸ߸ħñĻħʦһȫħʦǿ˿һֵķȥķֿܼҴ뿪һöң̯λǰһŷѾ뿪
ħʦûгħȥѩħǹۡķǰۡǰûͣپֱ˽ȥſڵسһ
ħʦһ߽֮ۡڣʱժڵݵħʦñӣڳһ˵˾䣺ȥѰ׸
˵䣬㳯鷿ķȥ
ħʦķԸ飬ħʦȥıӰ͹ǣˡ

ַ绻ħ鷿ڵŰ׵ʱ򣬰ϵĶҲѾʻ˵۶Ĺ㳡һ·ϣǶѾ֪飬Ȼǻ㲻Ƿʲôȴ˽»𱬵
ΪҪǣܶҲյϢ
ʵϣΪѩħǹλΪԵʣһǰַܲʱ򣬵ڵ۶Ĺ½ĶԼĺ񣬲ڵ۶Ĺ˵ҲԱ⡣
ᣬĹ弸׼ʱ˳ԣڵ۶ĹμһᣬȻʱǺܺ£ǻصԼĸ֮ԽԽϾǿǹ壬档
ΪǶѩħǹô鼫ΪעһյʬУʱ͸о˲١
ǻûеģվǺģȻڹڷǸѲϵڹעǣñʲô̬ѩħǹֻôϾǺĻڹڣҲǿˡ
ԣڵ֪֮ÿ嶼ܸʬĶ飬黹ʲô
ûùʧڹ㳡ϴƬעĿ֮󣬶ֽһǰֱҪӽʱΧŵ۶һȦ
һȦĽ˸˵ĹעЩڵ۶ˣ˴ʱ󣬶ðۿһۡ
Ͼǿµʵ֮ҲͲټΧۣѲ߾ɢܶǰ˾ֻʱ˾ƹ֮ڣһε飬˵Ϊ۶ڵľƹ˲ٻ
Ϊİ»ĿԼĸܻһЩڸԼ˵мϲһЩİ˸Լƨɺ棬ȻҲˣַȺĻ󣬱װʲôûпģǵĿĵءۡȥ
龭һڣѾڵ۶˽֪Ȼ᲻֪ǣڶ鵽ۡǰһƣ˶ʱӭ
ǣ鲢ûΪ˵ӭֹͣǰ˵Ŀ֮оôһֱߵ˺ۡǰǰڷʬľ壬Ժۡţ
ףԷʾңʬڸۡǰǶԺ±Ͼ𣬿ңһССҲܴ˵Щʲô
ǣֻĬĻص˸ۡǰ˵Ĺ򣬴İ¾һǸЦǸѩħǹ˵ĹܼҰ£˷ԸһҪ˵ĸۡǰֺвǲ˼Ǻǡʣǣ
һ£˵ɫˣԼףԷȴװϲҺãҲûӵˣûĵ۹ˡ
ԭǱǸˡɴǸ΢Ц˵䣬ӻַдõţݸ˵˵ױţһҪֽˡ
˵ţߵľ֮ǰָľϵʬɱ˵Ѿ˴ʬҲѾˣҲˣʬ岻ܽˣȻȥҪն׹̳ʾڣø˿д̺˵³
˽ӹżСĵķ˻УվԭؿʬһۣŬԼƽ鷳ܹˣ˵һִˡ
ˣҲͲٶ˸һٴֱۡȥˡ

鷿ڡ
ˣȻǸһģѩħǹʵ̫ˡ˽żְѷŷ˵һ֮ͷ޷޲ƽĲһ䡣
һŷⲢû𿪣̧ͷˣƽˣҲѩħǹұʾȻºǸϾҸȥģΪĿˣֲʲôԹԣµ죬ûκβ˼ǲŲַӦ֮ڵ顣
ǡһֹģ
ʱʹÿˣгҲԺҪȥѩħǹˣҲҪסǧҪѩħǹκγͻ
ǣ˴Դ̾һ㡣
һۣᴭ˿ˣڷҲˣǹȥˣšȥֱ֪ͨͷƣÿ׼һţϾ˵λ磬ǱʾǸˣ⣬׼֮ͳȥȡһҵױţԸѩħǹ͹ȥ
ǡȻЩ̫ԸӦһ㹪ȥ



ʮ ˹
ͬʱյֱϵҲѾȫ۳͵ȵȲһ۳Ƭ̵ʱһա
ֱȻҲûʧд˹ĽܣҲǸʬ飬лһͼǾߺʬݡ
Ųͼַһð֪ͨȥԻõĸӡ棬ȻЩֲҲһЩģǿǿϳʬģֻйڴɱ飬ûһʵ̶ȡ
磬Ʒ룬ڹ循ʧѾ۸ĳڹ׷׷ŭὣǰ˴սмλү˵ˣԭձַƾҲдڹŬк˱Ʒơ
ȻΪһݽΪḻƽ֮࣬ڼ۸Ҳ˲٣ⲢֵܵǵĹڽ۵ζһ֮󣬻˲ǰߴš
Ϊ˸λһַҲû˰ѽֱرһݾװ棬ֱ͵˸ҲΪһֱ飬ڽӵ֮æ
ܶɨ۾֮ͲٷֱӽǸͼ˺ȥٰСӵǸˣ˱һߵòڷġ
ƺҲ鼤Уַ֮ͬħᣬҵħִ£ȳԼ뷨̶ħȻȱǮÿһħʦоĵĽǮҲһֲԣһ˵׬Ǯĵӣʱħִһļϡ
һΰ׵ĵӣʵǺܼ򵥣Ϊոշ˵һӡѩħǹħƣгϵķӦ԰ױŽħٶƳڶħƣڶǶĲֹѩħǹȫһε̻ħϡȻǰֱݿ̻ġ
ò˶õʱ䣬ӡڹνƷ˵ħƾͻᷢ۳ȥУΪƵѩħǹȻΪڹǲμôЯ彣飬û˻оʲôϾЩֱݵˣͲ֪ᵽǸʲôӡ
ҲΪˣٴμ˰ѿƲסѾõд󱬷
ħΪƷӡѩħǹһסڹνƷ˵ĶףԺٳʲôش飬ͼסס׵ȵȡ
гӦĻ׾ʹȥûش鷢Ǿһش飬ҲѩħǼµĲҵʱʱģеҲʵ
ײûַУһȻҵӯΪĿģһЩƽ飬ϾƽһеĻ
ħϵзӳȻҲҵ֮ȱľУõ˿Էӵ̨Ȼˮһ㡣
㣬δ֮ҡ֮ڰԼгɹľƷ֮ңջ󻯵ͬʱѩħǼҲضԶַһ峤ҲǺԶҲ޷Խġ
֮ǷнΨһ򣬸ǳ飡
ħƵгӦһ㣬ȫֱģʽӪȥ
˵ȱľʱˣ
ַûа׿ǵôԶԶǣ֪ʮڣضŹѷشıʣʱ۹ܴܲڻ˵̸չˡ
ȻַҲ˴׵ĻԣΪÿĵ׶Լһ׵ǽⷢչȫ½ܿһ죬ѩħǼĳĲƷ֮УҲӡһԼ֡
ַδ֮󣬴½ϵǻܼƽȥļ廹ƽķչȥ͹ˣ֮սȻܰͨǣȥȴûʲôȥţΪͿƲˡ
ԣͷҲֻܳĵ׵һ
ڵûоȥ飬׵̸ոսûü緹ʱ򣬰һ˾Ѿ˹ۡ
ʵϣַۡۡԶϵʱҪΧ۶תһȦԲŻʱֲŵַۡн飬·ϣͲôˡ
ַڵ֪˰»Ϣڵһʱ䣬ͱеȥϢ׼һٷʢοЩһÿ˽һҡ
ȻⲢһŶѶȵ񣬵ַãͷܸµŽᣬǾãΪԼҲΪԼͶǸĿġ
µϽģҲܸǵģȻˣʲôԭַȻҲ
ڰЩַ֮ѯ˰й̣˵ҲһȺƨʱַ۾ĵ˵ͷ˵˵̬֮ʱַȴһ̾һ䣺Ҳһйµ˰
µȻַ绰˵ĺ壬֮󣬵ʱһ£ΪԼˣɫ˲ͱЩףַ翴Ҳû϶ͣȥҽңҲ͵˽ˡ
ֱȥȻʶԼûаңȴҲûԼǲ˵ˡ
ַ˲һѰ˻Ǿʬ˻ص֮У׼ҹٵʱͻȥᡣ
ͬʱȥϹһЩҪƷΪ硰ն׹̳ʾڡ׼
Щ飬ַԼķ֮УֻǣδŽȥʱ򣬾洫ϰصԣԣֻǰܺˣ湻ģһôǼǲס
仰ЩַܻڶУһ˿Ц漴Ŷ룬ӳһΪ˼Ļ档
ֻԭĿյϣѾڷһķСӣӲͬһĲֻܴﵽַϥǿһλãСӵ棬ڷһЩԲԲС壬ӵֱϰغͷգֻƨµȴַǰܾ֡С
ʱϰһûˡα鿴ŷգϵԲСһ˼ģ
ֻһűƿͬʱŴ˹ȥһַϰضʱվԹ𾴵ѩħǹˣﻹ˵ˣ治֪λͳʲôԴһ磬Ȼǲסôߣ
ͬʱҲѾվЩƣַһ񣬲ȴûʱ˵ʲô
ˣװİؽҽʱǻáֱԽӺ硯ôַһҲûϰӣֱ˵˵սϰʱ¡
仰һ˵ϰص϶ʱ͸һ˿ŭһԵķղһûסЦ
ַһϰصı飬æ˵һ䣺ԭ·հɣһ϶ûϢΪƣڶûкúõ˯һأ
ˣСһ㵽׻ҸЩʲôɣҪٲ˵ĻҾͻرѧԺˣϰȻҲüƽϣʱͱ˫һͷӡ
ַ˻ʾղôһؽϣΪҵͳһžƷߣ֤߸ԭģȫͬڲӽ˵Ƥòˡ
ܼ򵥣ʱ䣬ȥмϲɹһЩϣ֮ǰӦÿϰص˵ͷ˼һ£ֲһ䣺ߵģָҸ룬ԼȥǣǺ˸ңֻ졣
û⡣ַӦһ漴˿յģͻȻһʹӿռָȡֽͱҲ˵µʲô̶ȣֱӰСϵӵһԣֽڷ棬ñʿʼ
һʱַѧһЩ裬Ȼôûж֣׻ڣ˵࣬򵥵Ļһ׻ûġ
һĹһΪ˧׾ͱַ续˳ûͣʣ׻飬Űѱս˿ռָ֮С
󣬿ֽϵףַĵ˵ͷҲ¶һ˿΢ЦȻһѷ˷յǰָֽϵ˵һ䣺ô׻𣿡
ԭͲˣԼ׵ĶҲֻͣڡ˶ϲͿˡֽ׵һ̣̲סһ£ʶı̾һ䣺λӡ
˵ĲȷλӡַˬʵЦһЦ㽫еֽŵݸϰأͬʱٴ˵Ժλˡ
ϰؽӹֽſһ£Ҳ̲ס¶һ˿̾ȴַһ䣺Ļء
ַû϶˵Ƕϰɫؽ鷳ˣԽԽá
ˣ֪ˡ˵䣬ϰر㽫ֽԼĻУȻ˵˾䣺ھȥɹϣʱԸ͹
ַ˵ͷûоܾϾҪñ͹ֳָʲôӣҲֻϰˡ
ϰؼˣ㲻ͣȥ뿪˷䡣
ַתǰķգļǹһ˿ûܶõ΢ЦȻԺҲߣǲܶ⹫ˣ棬ԺͽС˹ɣ
ˡȻûʲô㹪һ
ַ˿ˣҵĽ˧磬ҵķϢһ°ɣϻҪ񽻸ء

ùַ֮ӵԺţŵǹܼҰͷƣֻһΰͷûһνַ鷿ǰŽ֮͹վȴظ
ַڵ֪ͷƻŵʱ򣬲ûбʾʲôǴ򿪺ɨۣ޷ǾһЩĵǸ֮һЩϻԼдǷ⡰šݴ࣬ŵĽβʾҪдλ壬ͬʱҲϵдԼơ
ַһԣǰİ˵ȥ߰ͷƣպ׼ʱ硣

Ӧ˺룬ַ˵֮УʱѾɹϣ˾ôڵЩϿʼ
æнӽСʱʱ䣬˲ǰһԴģ˳ַģ͵һЩţëȾɽɫΪģ͵ͷȻģ͵ԴһЩѪѴʬ˺ģϣֻ۾׺һ£󹦸ɡ
ģͱϾֻģͣʵĳ̶ϻû취ͷȣҲмַյϣң̳չʾ˭ҲǰȥΧַۣ绹رһҪ˿ԴһЩչʾһ磬ϵʱ򣬾ͿҸˡ
ǣڼǺַķԸ̳֮֮УֱӽԴ̳ġͷܡϡ
ġѲչֱһʾں˵ͷ­ʱ˺ܶ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳǳںû˻ǰȥо˵ԴʲôǣġնʾڻܿԲϡ
ϵʱ򣬵ϰذõƤַ÷æϣȷմַ֮ΧתȦְһͷ𷢹ڶ棬Ҹһͷͷڼϣĵ˵ͷš͸ˡ
漴һһתҵĽ˧ͳ죬ȥǾʬᣬȻȥռĹںЩϺ֤Ҹʱ䣬͸һȥҵأʱͿʼͳҵľˡ


ʮ ʬ
һС굽ͻȻһĵ۶Ҳ֮ع鵽ƽ֮УֻмҼһ΢ħƵĹâǵһЩΪҹʩ׺
ԽԽ󣬰һХĺҹΪԡ
ڵ۶ĲԶһ԰ŵ۶ˣҲ۶ԲڵΨһһ԰µۻ԰ĹģѾһׯ԰ңΪ԰Ψһԣ۹ÿ궼ɣΪĹ԰ַΧõĽɫһɶྲĳɫǰտȥҲһɭɭζ
籩ҹ֮УɭֲɱŴޱ
ƽհ죬һЩļ֮⣬ûж˻Ľ԰֮Уܶྭ˴ˣҲػرطһ´ЩߵİϢΪɭʵ̫Ũˣǰ⾭˴Ҳоһڡ
Ҫ˵µıҹȻǰǣĹȴǳĶӰ
Ӱλ԰еĳ䣬ڿɼʵ̫ͣѿӰģֻǿϳӰƺæʲô
·˵أȻᱻŵİŲʱؾĿ磬»Ϊֹأ
ꡪ
Ȼһը⾪㤵԰һ˲䣬ϡԱϳĹ԰ӰƺϵظһھĶ
ǡ
׹ⲻܿӰģˣһһͷɫĳƮԵΪֻѱֻܵһ㣬͸ˮʪ·ǿʶļ˸Ͳ˾ֵĹꡣ
ҹעע⵽ˡ
ˣǸǾʬͷգΪߣ˶ûöھֻʹΪԭʼķȻŢһ飬˵ĽűߣڷһɫĴӣϿƺʢһЩʲôڴӵԴһʵʬ
ʬѾָԭģͷɫҲָ˹ʬϿգѴ򿪵ɡΪȥˮĳˢ
һĹһոµĹѨѾںãʹһɫջ⣬еĹ߾Сĳʬ˫ȥҪʬ屧𣬶Ҳͬʱϣ˵õɡͣʬϿա
ǡ
ڷ˫۽Ӵʬһ̣ͻȻһ£üͷ
ע⵽˷յģΧһȦһƬͻȻһɺ£ɵʵ㡭ôˣ
ͻȻջ˫ۣüͷ̧ͷ˵ЩԾ
⻰ͻȻоͷƤЩ飺ʲôЩԾ
ȶճ˵һ䣬һֳֻʬľ̽ȥһ¡
ȻЩëǿѹŶӣŷʬľһʬĴȣһʬݣ΢΢üԴѵߣǶʬĲ
ûʬĸһ£ջĿϣҲǶֻǸоر֡
֣ɻлһ˿־塣
ͻȻվŤͷһ£վȴֶȥǰʬһֿȷʬԭλ𣿡
һ仰ȻʣȴֱܷǹɵζʱͿӦǰԭط
һ䣬յıͻȻôעƺǿѹȻǰûƬĹأǴ½ϵ԰¶ͬûϴĻ⴦ĹѨڵλӦòĹ
٣Ƭλõʬ壬ӦѾãôһôõʬ壿ңһʵʬ壬ӦȥĹķΧɣ
ЩëһĻʱҲȻΪʲôôԼ漴æһ£ŵ˵Ҳ֣Ҫҿ¶ˡ
ʲô飿յı
һ߻һߵҿʼʱ򣬵ȻȥĹķΧѰңұĹķΧûҵʵʬ壬ʵһ߿ҲһϣʬҲЩá
֮£ҾֻܻصѰҡߵ֮󣬾Ϳ²ԶһҰ׵ָ˵棬ҪϸҲ׷֣ҿ¶ָûиõļȻҾڵʬ塭
ʱֻʬǰǱ˵طɡɫͿҪˣҲûп̫࣬Ͱʬ˴˻ȥѵ㷢ʲôŹ𣿡
˵ɫԱЩѿֻҹ֮в˿
䣬ʱͳĬ˵Щ־壬ʵ㡢˵ѽ
Ҳ֪ûע⵽ʬص㡣հŴＷһ仰
ص㣿û׷յ˼ֲһ䣺ʬʲôص㣿
һֱƽȵĵ۶ʬķ治̫˽⡣˿Ҹ㲻ͬСҾڱԭ˵ÿᶼȥеֱħ޵еһʬ壬Ǳ㽫ʬȥ˻ظߵļˣеҲ˵ϣǾֻҸطߡ
˵նһ£һ۵ϵʬ壬ż˵Ϊ·;ԶܶЯʬڻȥĹоͻḯãҲ֪ڱԭֻ£ʬĸñȻҪʱ䡣
û׷Ҫʲôǵ˵ͷͬĹ۵㡣
ǣÿʬڸ֮ǰҲᷢһЩ󣬱磬ڱԭϺУ֮ԼһСʱʱʬͻΧ¶ȱһ£ңڰʱھͻʬߡ
յԽԽ㿴ʬ壬ոǵ˽һһҹʱ䣬ȴһʬ߶ûУҪǣ֮󣬼Ҳڼ̵ʱڱɳڣң˲ǱĻɳȻСʧոڰ˻ȥĹУӦ÷ִСʧ
˵һ䣬նһ£ŤͷӦûзɣ
ûСһһЩԥҡҡͷЩɻһ䣺ʬȻ԰ǿ϶Ǿ˼˵ĵʧĴС϶Ҳļ˴ˣҪڷû˵ĻʬҲ԰ɣһĹѨ
ͳˣ
̾һ˵һص㣺˵ʬǾ˵ѾʧСĻǵʱʬȻѾӲޱȣʬĹ̼Ϊݣڵ۶ֻ֮£Ȼһһҹʱɣ
˼һ£˵ͷ࣬˻ȥʱȻȽϴæܸоʬĽӲ
ǡҸղһ£ȴʬ嵽ھȻеԡͻȻһ䣬ԵЩ
һ仰ʱѪɫȫޡ
ꡪ
ʱ򣬿ͻȻһըף˲ͽ԰һ˲Ĺʬ׵Ҳڵı¶ǰ
ǡڸô죿һȻû⣬оԼɤ۾Ǳʲôסһ㣬˵仰Ҳþȫ
ճƬ̣һٴʬ˫ۣһ˵һ䣺Ҳ֪Ȱմ˵ķԸɣȻȥϽ֪ͨˣһд˽һûһȥˡ
Ѿȫ˵˻й֮˵鵱У̲סЩëŷսʬĹѨ֮У˽еɡϣΪʬڵꡣ
ˣЩƷȥռûжߴһ䡣
ǷӦæֽԭʬԱߵǸɫеƷĹѨѷʬԱߡ
ЩƷȻǴгϹģȴԴڹ͢˵ЩƷߵܸ˳ĻعĻΪ۸߰һƽܹģԣй͢ƷĹѨԳ֮Ϊᡣ
Ӻɫﵹһѣϣ˵Ҳмٽˣһƽ˵ԿԳƵǶˡ
һУƺǶס˭û˵ϽٶȽڿȥ
ֻʣ˷
ĹѨϣֺĬĹһ뿪԰
һ뿪԰ķΧ˲˵һտ԰ȴִŵĵı̾Ϣһļ򣺡ԴһЩЩ̲ס˵ҲҶ졣
ͬΪ˵£ȻְͬǵĿĶΪ˾ȥ£Ƕְ˵ЩҲóģԣҲûбҪĵģȥԭԭ˵ˣȻߣֻҪΪ˸жʱ㹻ˡ
٣»Ӧ˼ʱ򡣡
ҶɫԺһЩҲˣȻҲԼܾģַֻĹϵͬһ㣬ȻӦ÷ǸоôǾֵʬЩסϾʱҲ벻õİ취ҪĻǸϽȥַǲҪ
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˵ͷûж˵ʲô˿תʹֱֻʱ䣬Ҫʱڸϸأֻȫٸ·ˡ
Ҳæٳ۶ķȥ籩ĺҹΪѩħǼҪĽֻҪҲû˸סҪģٶȻȥַ磬ΪַӦľȡʱ䣡
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׹һˮɢҲֵĻζûĹһֻ˳
ְֻסĹѨıԵһԴҲ漴ðֻʬϵ׷·һЩѪɫ˫ȻЩͣϾˣ
Ǹ˯һһ㣬нֽ࣬һ²ӣȻüͷͻȻĹѨըҲɴʧȥôֱĹѨ֮С
üȻߵһЩ΢׹Ʒһֻץסһ૵֮ôֶ
ǡ˯ʱ̫ˣԵЩ˻ƣɤһˮһԵЩģ壬˵һ䣬ֱӽеƷһԣվһۡ
ֵעǣûκζˮȴƫƫܲһ˿
˴սϸ۲ĻᷢΧռ·Щģһλʥǿ߿Ȼǲٿؿռ
˿һλãֳĹλÿȥ˼ɫһҲʮ˰ɡ治֪½Ѿʲôӡ
˵䣬߳ԼĹѨŵ۶ķ˫Ҳ΢΢׶ҵѡ֪ʮ䣬Ļô
£һ漴ߵĿռ俪ʼ΢𵴣ȴƮ˿УһƬƮҶӣƮ˵۶ķ򡭡


ʮ ˵ĵ
ưô꣬۶һƬţֻ֮ʣ˷вը
ַվڴǰĬĬ죬ԴݣüͷҲЩչ
ʵϣʱ֮ĩҪӽڣʵǺѼⲢҪģҪÿһը׵ʱַܻĪһָоǰйģԼҲ˵Ϊʲô
֮׵޷
ÿһʼѹ罣ֻҪըĪĶͻ񣬸Ͷ벻״̬ȥ
ԣַҲͲͽߵ˴ǰľ
һָ˲٣ԴʱַҲûжپ⣬ʵԽԽǿַ緢֣ԼҲڽڡ͡״̬йһΡ͡ľ飬һΡ͡ڴ
ڴ֮£ȴһĲƺһֱһڲϵظ⻹ڵʵԶԶ
ַ綼֪ΪʲôԼĵ׻뷨뷨֮£һĪΣУĳһæ޷ﻹγһֵУ£ΣƺǱŴޱвŨŨĽǡ
ʵ飬һַ罹ǵ飬飬̲ס̾Ϣһ
ԼķλƽԭıϣƽԭԶһЩ·̣ԭ֡ʡͬҲһƽԭֻڷԼ֮ҲӦıɡϵƽԭˡ
һµʱȥͶҲӦýһЩҪҪȴģԼȥˡ
ؼǣַڸûˣȻ޲ȻǧֻǾѣҪһЩԱҪдάʡ
Ҫ˽ֻҪǮ˷ļȫϾûսĺƽǲԸΪǵ˽ģ˵ԺڣҪǣܳΪһ˽Ҳһңǵ۹ѩħǹ˽˾ţ
ԣַļ˽Ҳûȥʲô
ЩԱȴͬ
Ҫְλֻһ˵ʵУûκε飬ҲҪǣһȺҲҪһЩ֪ʶûѧι֮ҲҪøȥôؼǣȺ˱ţ
۹ԱѡΣǴӹ֮вƽĻʵ̫ˣڸûƽ˷ʱ䣡
ַҪһ˲ţҪûκαƽѡ˲ַȥң
ԣһµʱַǴӽ֮жɹģֻ֮ʱ䣬ΪʡǱѾӵĲˣЩ۹ԱڽյϢְ֮ʱڣȻΪвԭ򣬸ԼһЩңǲʲôңԼһЩ鷳Ҳͷ۵ģ
Ͼ˭Լǵķأ
ְʱ䣬ݵ۹ķɣֻһ£Ҳ˵Լһµʱڲ˸ϹȥֵĻôʡϵͳġ̱
ַյһЩõ˲ţڽְָλܴ֮ԭµЩ鷳УҪǣԼһȥҲȻһӦ룬ʡľѾӦʡԭĹԼһ˹ȥڸֹķʽϣܽӽ֮ǰԭĹҲҪһЩƫ
Щƫܼ΢ʡƽϣͻֱֳ׶ˣ٣ЧӦĵַ绹Ƕõġ
һ˸ƫܾܿͻᵼƽĲӶң
ԼѩħǹʱƽһҲˣʱԼҪѹҪһã취ڲﵽƽ⡱Ч
ϾһеĻƽƽԼҲˡ
ڵǱģԼҪ˸ƽһЩôʱġ
ؼǣԼҲûʲôֻ֣߼ʵ˼ûдﵽʱܲԼ󡱰ɣԣַ粻ʱ䣬ΪԼҲûʱˣ
ȻһеǰỹǵҪҵһЩõ˲ţܵеͼְλȻһжֻǿ̸
ЩְλҪȻܶڣԱԾŵҪյĻôܶλȴһ㶼
ȣ˱һǻ۵ˣΣҲҪһЩ飬ǺҲԣҪǣ˱ÿţܶţַɴֱӽҪʵջԼľλˣ
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ٳһԽԽ٣ַȴûһͷַܲżܲǣ
ΣУɵһķ
պһַ͵һѹϵĴֱӰħһһߣһͷ˱ɴ˯һˣΣҲήһЩ취ȥһЩ˲š
ղĻǾֻȥ޲ؽһЩ֣Լһˡ
ǣַҲһˣҲһĵߣϾΪһƽƽҲ֮ģȻõ˻ʵ۵ʶӵһʡŴƬأǧˣȨգһһĺ飡
ֺȴıΪأĹһҪպᣬҪԼŬ˷һѣȻֻҪϿ޲Ҫˣ޲ҲȻȴΪݵԵʣַһʼһԱ
˵Ѿ۹֮һѩħǹȴΪĵԱԵʣһɲϵͷļ֣ˡ޲ؿûʲôַĵףȴһߣһ븽޲صĵߣ
Ҳ˵˵Լ޲صĲųɹչģ
̬ͱԭһСӣһȻõһǧǧɹСӵľ档
ֻȻ˶ѡһɹ㲢ûеõŮ̫󲿷ֶǿԼŬȡģ˿㻹ǰѲŮĹ⻷Ҳ˵˵ûŮûĽ죡
һʧܣҪܵ볰Ц͸ǱŴޱȻҲܿܲ˵ЩʲôȴҪ˲ױȵѹ
Ҳ˵ɹʧܣܻһЩӰ
ַǲԼ޲Ӱӣ
Ǵ󲿷бĵ˵ĵߣٲֵ۳ɹʧܣҲȥԼ̫ѹַ󲿷ֵˣԣȥһȥ޲ء
ңڵλҲȥô
޲ؽˣùƽȴסǣסʵ۱ˣ
޲͵ľͬϾûǧһеġϵͳתûйʡЩԱϵͳֱ̱ˣ
Ҫù֪飬ΪԼܣԼҲڱ˵ЩʲôԼǳˣѩħǹġšҲؽһۿۡ
⻹ҪģҪûʵ֪ˣʲô뷨
ѩħǹľλԼȻǱһָлҲһЩνǶȵѡ񣬵ΪʲôѡˣƫƫѡԼ
Ϊڻʵ۵ԼļֵλúܸߣʵۺܿԼȻλҲԼˣվνǶȣʵȫѡˣվڸлĽǶȣʵҲѡķʽлԼ
Ʃ磬Լһƹλٰѻҵĳһ޸ԼԼĺӵлҵѪͳλȻҲˮǴߡ
Ʃ磬ѻҵĳһҪҵԼƿأԼԼĺҲõһıϣҲˡƽ񡱵ķ롣
ʵȴѡָлķʽǾֻ֤ڸлԼͬҲԼѩħǹλ飬ܿҲһԼɹİѼ巢չɵɫƯƯԼδи̨
ξȹʵΣ˵δλҲԼģϾԼᣬλʵҲᣬԼԺĵ·ûгʲôشܱʣδһоͶпܡ
ǣҪ֪Լȥ޲ؽˣԼڻʵеλãؽ٣˵ԼδķչҲܵ谭
ңѩħǹҲ۹ҪһģԼ죬ʵ۵ҲܵӦʧʱԼĴȻԽԽѡ
Ͼʱʵ۵˼Ҫ
ԣһεҲ˵ǻʵ۵һ飬ֻҪԼ߹ͨ˻ʵ۵Ŀ飬ôԼǰ;ҲһƬ
Ȼʮ֮ڹͻѣ½Ҳ֪ı䶯ǣڹǰ⼸ʱַ粻ԸԼκεź
ۺԭ޲ؽ˸֮ߣǣʱҲ취Ļôֻһ·ˡ
뵽뱻ѵַ粻ɵó̾˿
ѵԼ˾ֻӵ˶̨ȴƫƫӲ
˼ַ粻ĿЦڱԼôô⣬ֻڶ̶һµʱʹˡΪɹĲҵѩħǹҲġ
ǣ˭Լķأ
ַԽԽоﷳ꣬ɴһŰѱһߣȻӣ˼ԻеЩѹ
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ַﲻһȥʬܷʲôҪ飿
Ȼ룬ַȴɵ˵ЩԱԸȴϸ壬ΪݶеԱ¼Ϊ棬ֻͨҪǽ飬鼫ΪѰ죬ҲӲͷƤƯƯһΣ˵Ҫ飬һ˵飡
뵽ַ粻ҵ飬æӴֱӾ˳ȥ
һ˰һû뵽ԼôͻַʱҲ˲࣬˰һۣ˵ˣ֪ˣȥϢɡ
˵䣬Ҳܰ£ֱͳ鷿ķȥΪжԵʣˮҲմʪ·ܿ죬鷿֮ǰžֱ˽ȥ
鷿еûжı仯ֻɫЩףȥٶЩ㲡
ַ翴ȶһԼΪλߣжôżµǰȴҪ򶨣ⲻǹ̬Ϊ°ģԣȶľ֮ʲôˣ
ַ硭ȻΪż鼱ֱ֮Ӻַ֣ûκͣ٣ԭԭ԰﷢Ǽޱĸַ硣
ַ統Ȼƽƺ֮һ˲㸡һ仰ôܣ


ʮ Ĺеľ
ַðһ仰ΪΪʬ塰װ硱ʱַܲʬ彩Ӳĳ̶ȣȻûзʬߣǸʱҲûʱ俼ô࣬ң˭һʬȥô飿
ʱڱϵķնûⷽȥ룡
ңʬ˻ʱ򣬻ַΪʬߣΪʬͷȥȾϵɫôĿȻΪߣʬ廹ԭĿᣡļǵãڵʱʱʬҲǽӲģûκһνĵԣ
ؼǣϵʱҲʬ屳ȥģǸʱûиоʬеԣ
ַвҲ϶Լ˵ѣĻһʬȻָԣ˵ʲôթʬô
ַɲô飡
Կ϶ǣʬָԵʱͷڿĹѨʱôʲôԭʬָ˵أ
뵽ַвɵһɲԭķմʱҲʱѹĵס
£ֻȥ̽һ˲ܽҿˣǲܽҿܣҲܻһЩ
뵽ַбȥľ
԰׵ɫַ΢΢˼һ£ɫһ򶨵šҲˣȥϢɣ˵Ȼᴦ㲻òˡ
ǡƺЩģַ棬Ҳûб뷨㲻ҪΪµ𣿡
ַ˼ָԼȱ֣ҲԼ뷨ֱӱ׼Լھȥһ˿
ҸһȥͻȻ
ַ֪ǵһʲôԼӦԼڵʵӦ飬ǶһˣҲȫֲá
ƺʶԼż֮µʧ̬Դ֮ɫ
ַ翴֪ô׷ǣѹסеĲͶһŵ΢Ц˵Ұɣȥ㡣
ðɡ
ѡĵ˵ͷȻǵģҲԼǸ׸ʱһʲô飬Լǵﲻַʲôæַ绹ҪչԼ
ⲻϣġ
ȻûʲôĻȻòÿһЩʱܻĴ㣬ԣҲ濼һ£ǵĽԼҲֻǸ׸õĽҲòԼҲûٶ˵ʲôֻǰʬĹѨλøַ硣
ַ翴ͷӦͲٳɣϽƿų˳ȥ
ʱѾ˺ҹȻ豩꣬ò˶೤ʱɫҲͿˣȻҪȥ԰̽£ַȻͲܾκˣԣҲûн׼
Ȼڵ۶԰ԶҲоģַԵļһʱ䣬صԼķ֮ɿػһҹ£ֱӳ˸û˵ĵطǽԾԼĸۡ
һַۡһȫŵطȷûע⵽Լȫתԥسŷȥһڵ۶ĴСдûпĶѲ߾ߣôֱײĳ嵽ŵĽ¡
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ԭسŵʿһȫڰɫ֮µĺ˲ɵһľɫǴսʿı־ԼЩʿɲǴսʿĶ֣ҪͻΧҹ֮У¾ڵȫرһҲס
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һµĴսʿ߽سŵʿɵЩĻţǸװûأǸ֪ͨǽϵġֵܡǣ
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ʿɵöЩţȻѾѳǽϵЩһ飬ԽԽĺˣҲûټװʲôûһֻӲͷƤȥ
ַȻҲǽһжвɵЩпƽʱھˣ˵ĵҲԽԽСˣԼһݲȴΪһİɫЩñְأǳǽϵʿŵļһȻװԼ
۶ľӼֱͳ˰裡
һĴսʿʿηǸùأǸ˵ĵ۶ƽʱʵ̫أ
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ַڸûʱ俼⣬ͷһųԼӭʿӿռָͳһӣʿǰûҪ쿪ҳȥ
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ʿעУϣܰѽԺҪڽֻƬĴԣҲֽĲšϣ
ַޱȣҲ͸¶һɱǵԼ棬ûǹɿֲƣ˵䣬΢һ£űû͸ϽҴ򿪳ţ
ʿַŵѪɫȷǰ˾ԲڸԼЦ˺һ䣬æЩ˵˾䣺ǡ
˵䣬ʿϽתȥųǽϴ󺰵򿪳š
һ仰ʿʮ㣬ɵַжЩ۶رĸʢˣֻǣⲻܣҲȥᣬŴ֮ȫתգ֮ʧسʿ
ٴιϣǰʿķȴǵһȺ쵰Ӳװʲôûһű˭죡

ַһ˳ţʱٶȳ԰ķȫȥʵ˵֮⻹һɵģڸۡһ˵飬жʱ˷磬˼ʲô͸Ͻˡ
Ϊǰһ˼ԵʣȻʲôŵˣ԰ֵطҲһЩɫʣһûٿһЩС˵ȻѾøɾﻹһЩӰ
뵽ʬָԣﲻ뵽ˡթʬʣһ̵ʱַ뵽ʬĹѨǲʲôˮأʬǧ겻һͳ˽Ӳһȥ֡ǴѨշʬָԵġ
Ȼһ·ĿǣַҲ侲Ƶ뷨Ҳгų벻ʬΪʲôֵԡ
δ֪ǻ˸е־壬ַҲ⣬벻ʬָԵĺַͣﲻɵøһֲӰ
Ȼ԰ķٸ·ַһȴǲһ˿ԥ֪Ȼôη壬ҲӲͷƤȥһˣ٣ǽп־Ψһ·
뵽ͷͬʱַﲻɵúݺݱԼһѣȥĹʲôԼҲǴħ޴ȵʱ־δ֪ǰ·ʲô˵ʬָԵԭǾˮݷأ
ңԼӵа˼۷ʵһʬ岻ɣʬĻ˽ʬԼһ罣ȥҲܰճɻҽǾ
뷨ַҲݵͬʱҲһҪʲôԵĵطԼ͸ɴһѻʬˣʲôعĻһڵĻ쵰
ҪɫݷôãҲͲ䣬еҲͲҲͲôӣ
˵عĻǹһıͨķʽعĻ겻òѣᱻãΪʹõһ֡أ
Լһѻ˲Ϊ߽ѣô˵ҲһɥƣǰҪᡱˣңȻҲǽʬճɻҽҪȹϡͽ˻ڻҪǿĶ࣡
ǿķʽ˵Լַоﲻɵúࡣ
ԭһͷβߣǴԽ磬ҲС񡱴ڣǺӰִʦˡһʣҲûиоһЩ֮
ȻǱΪ񡱣ҲжҲ˵񣬵˵һЩȽǿˣ
˵ǿϡƺϾͳεǸʱûйĶǣ½ϵԴһ㣡
Ϊվ˰ִʦĽǶϿҲΪڹ͢ԵʣַûĶԹһԣһЩӰ죬ﶼǼΪų⣡
㲻վڰִʦĽǶȣҲǹ͢˵ĻҪ˵²ǵܾί֮ʱΪʲô飿ܲƽ֮ʱΪʲô飿
˵ֻŻ㣬ʲô˼ǮԸ¸µ̰ˣ
Ҳգ
£¹ţҲͲҪͼǸο
һţַĿ־ҲɢԼûʲôĵ飬ȥĺ¶δ֪־壿
ͨһ㣬ַͲٶ룬רĵĸ·
ԭӵдսʿʵ˵Ⱪĺҹܵһ谭ȴӰٶȡ
Щ顢˵п־֮ʣѾ԰Զˡ
ƽǵ԰Ȼ۹ÿҲɣȴûﰲκεϾƽҲûʲôֵǮĶȥƷҲֵǮû˻ĹԣҲͲרŰſԱ
ַڽӽ԰ʱ򣬾ͷԼٶȣȻеĿ־ѾɢĲ࣬ҹһĹȺвɵûǸоһë
Ųʱ׹⣬ַע⵽лˮ˳ǫ̲̃סһɹŹֵĸо
ȻǰûĹأһЩҲеӡ˵͵粻һڵǸ緢ٽչҲ졣
ĹôƽģĹѨҲʯשãΧҲ˸ש飬ֻĹѨϷǣôᱻˮһôཬأ
ɻַһ԰֮Уɾ԰׹⿴ʱȴɵһ
Ĺضһɫש飬ʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲô߷ΧڵĹѨǱһӶҵƷһԣˮسˢĹѨ
ַ绹ע⵽ЩĹѨѾ˿յģ
һ˲䣬ַûһ־壬ȥ׹ҫһ̣԰ĹѨӶƷһԣһ˲ĹâܿÿһĹѨǿյģ
Ȼַ߷Χ԰٣ܿĹѨѾɿյˣ
ַǿѹסëȻ˵λÿٳǸĹѨ񱼹ȥһ·ϣע⵽ֻҪԼĹѨӶƷһߣĹѨеʬҲʧ
˵ǸĹѨϣַע⵽ĹѨҲѾ˿յģĹѨԱߵĸٻĺۼ
һλڸӵıԵ⴦ԵȥһЩͷ·ƶһ뵽˵ĵһע⵽ĹѨһָѵʬԼƶ͸͸ģ
뵽ܣַвһëȴûаϾʱҲûп̫࣬Ϊʬ˵ط˵ʬ˲ʬļһЩ֮ˣǰһ̵ֲָϲһЩɵϣ¶һָûʵҲ֮С
Ͼû˼Ӱ죬˭ҲһЩ߼췽ȥ롣
ǣڶٻĵطȴòַΪһٻλþڸӵƫһλãؼǣλܵƻֱӱһ
ַһ˿ԼƣȻճȭͷһȭͷĴСɵøоͷƤһ飡
ڸӵΧɢһѶѲЩȥġƷֻʱѾˮˢĲӣ˵ЩƷѾĹѨ棬ʱôɢһأ
뵽һȭͷСĿַ·𿴵ĹѨͻȻһɭɭƣֱӽӻƣĹѨĺƷըԭĹѨʬ壬Ҳ߳ĹѨ
뵽һĻַԭͷͷƤƺͿҪըˣ
Ҫӡ֤뷨סضӣĹ۲ĹѨ
ꡪ
ſһը𣬽һ˲׹⣬ַע⵽ĹѨԵϣӡӡ
ӡַڼѵشＷ֣Ҳ٣


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ѩħǹַۡķ֮ڡ
ʱѾ˿Ҫʱ򣬶߽ףҲСҲѾʧΧָǰ֮С
ַһҹ£ֻϵѾ֪ʲôʱһԣ˿ڴһԲ
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ȻǸ԰˳ȥ԰еʬ弯ʧҲ̫ãҪ˿ӡ֪ᷢʲô飡ԣڻ֮ǰַ͸ɴֱӽǸĹѨըˡ
ٻ֤ݡҲͲע⵽ˡ
ǣסȴסԼӡ׸νͣ
Ȼʱ̫׹ַ绹ܿӡǳķ
⡭˵ʲô˵ӡĹѨ֮ڣ
ȻҲų˸ȥƳ⸩ĹѨ˭ô֮ҹȥ۲һĹѨ
УбҪһȭ俪ĹѨĸô
Ҫǣʱϲ
֮ǰĻȫϻģ֮ƨɻûԼѾ鷿ԼٶȻһҹ¾ֱӿ񱼶ȥȻڳſϵһЩʱ䣬Լٶȣû೤ʱѾ԰
ɾô̵ʱڣǸĹѨͳôıʣ԰ĹѨشıʣ
ʣ˭ô̵ʱô飿

侲һַһУ
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ֻ鷨ʦŻ᲻ɭֲŸҴҹһǰȥ԰
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УҪ˵ٶģ鷨ʦˣ
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ƺһҲõ˺Ľͣ
ǣ뵽ַһȫ̷񶨡
ΪȻʶһؼءʱ⣡
԰ΪۻԵʣĹѨûһҲаǧͷ뿪԰Լ԰мġڡԼֻвһСʱʱ䣡
ôʱ䣬Ǿż۷鷨ʦҲûа취ڲһСʱʱڽǧĹѨʬȫã
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ңǸƽʥΪģߵļƷȣڴﵽż۷ʵ֮ҲΪý飬ٻƽ
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ǡҪٻȴͬ
Ϊõȼ̫͵Եʣ鷨ʦҪٻǸռͲڣԣٻãǾͱʵеʬΪý顣
ǣʵ̫ûôˣ΢еʵ鷨ʦҪ˼棬żռһЩãҲٵ԰ֵطΪҲˣҲȥһ죬˭Լ԰ٱ˵á
Žıĵ̬ԣ鷨ʦҪõʱҲڻĽҰѰʬ壬Ͼ˶ǣЩԶսΪṩ㹻ġԴ
ۺЩַô룬޷鷨ʦϡ
ѵһȺͼ鷨ʦȥ԰԰ʬȫȻߵģ
ʱϣƺǿԵõͣϾ㹻鷨ʦڲһСʱʱ԰ʬȫõġ
ǣȥô鷨ʦõ۹еħʦȥС鷨ʦÿֻٻĸãܵõ͡
ôǿܣǧ鷨ʦأͷͷˣϾ鷨ʦٶϣ
ԣһҲ޷
鷨ʦΨһҲųˣ԰ʬ弯ʧ龿ʲô˸ɵģ
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Ȼ鷨ʦĿԱųô׻ʲô˸ڿֲҹ˫ƳһĹѨϸ۲죬̬Ҫһȭ俪ĹѨӵĳ̶ȣ
˺һ˼·ַֻܰѽǶٴתĹѨ֮ϡ
뵽ǸĹѨʬָԵ飬ַĵײɵָĹ롪ǡթʬˡ
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˼ַҲֱһͷԵڴϣ׼ú˯һ
ΪĺˣڴûͳɹĽѾõ˯״̬֮С


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УŵģҲ˿д͵ıǡ˶԰飬ǣñ԰
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ȴѾ仰ɵˣɫҰޱȣվԭز֪롣
ַ仰󣬾͸оеѹ滺˲٣ķ鷿λҲԶõĻᱻʵʹ⣬˿̼ΧΧһȦʱͻ˻ȥʾް
Ȼ󣬵е뿪֮ǰɫ԰׵İ£ƽ£Ҫ֪˿ڳţ㲻ԣΪҵĹܼңҪʱ̱侲
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ˣ֪ˣȥɣæʲôæʲôַޱĻһ䣬ת߻Լķ֮У硱һ¹˷š
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֮ڣٻ·ַɫЩѿȻ֪԰鲻̫ãȴ벻Ȼô̵ʱھͱ˷ˣңôѾӽ˱ҵĳ̶ȡ
ϴӰǸʹ߽ģȫԿ϶Ȼйأ
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Ǹ˹ͳ죬˯ͷˣյ֪ͨҸϽ򵥵ϴˢһ²Ÿ˹ַ粢ûʵֻǰ¶ԻǶʱ˹ȥ
˹һ⻰ʱ˿ѹع˻֪۶ʲôɣ
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˹ǰ仰Ȼƨ˺ȻҲһеζַĶȴһ棬˵ѾȫȨˣˣҶల£첻ãǴҾͶˣ
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ȻַҲԿǻʵ۶Լһ飬ܲԼõѩħǹűһ衭ֻǣַﻹ̲סһ䣺ʵҲˣ
⻰Ȼ˵ڣѺõοһµϣȴһࡢȻģ˹ͳǽѣӦġ
˵仰ͬʱȴ̲סһ䣺Ӿĵغˣ
˹һַ飬ȻɫҲ˲٣΢΢˺һίܺݸַ磺ˣµĻȫдˣɡ
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ڼֱƿڴĳ嶯ˣ
ʲôίܺһί״ĻȫǷϻʲô۹ػʿʡܶеͦԼͻûеԼȥ
ؼǣôһֵ飬ʵܵһЩ˸һ°ɣѵ㲻֪ѩħǼŸոշչһϳһ֮⣬һ˽û齨ʲôƽϢ飿
ҾҪվ˵Ҳеɣ

ٴǿѹסĳ嶯ַ绹ЩģƬ̣æ˹קһԣ΢΢Цʵ˹ͳ죬룬ί״ضҲЭҵİɣ
קĶһΪʧΪֻǣ˹ͳҲʲô壬ҲûжķУֻ¶һ˿⣬ַĶǸʲô˼
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һ⻰ַǰʱһæ׷ʵ˵ʲô
˵˹һŹֵı飬ȻٴοЦţ˵һַѪĻ˵
һΣַûסɵһ䣺գ

˹ͳ죬ַ鷿Ĭ
û뵽ӣҲû뵽ǻ鱩ңû뵽ʵ۾ȻԼԼʵûһʵĴ󹫾
Ȼȷ̫УֱӴ£վڵ۹ȨĽǶȣǵĵִϾܻһΪ˼룬ʿǸĹѨϸʵȣԵ۹Ȩɣļҵķ֮£۹˵ЩʲôҲѵõͬ
Ļ۹ȷֱӴ顣
ɻʵ۷ô岻ѡΪʲôƫƫѡԼ
ȻַҲ֪޷ѡ޲غͿɭ˵ģȻΪ԰ʬ弯ʧìܵȴڹ͢ͺڰ͢ϣǹ͢ȣҲͲ֮ҵìܡ
ԣΪ͢Ĵˣ˸ǲѡģ޵ȻԼѩħǹϡ
ѩħǹǵ۹ģλλԼ˵޲عϵãϾںڰ͢ˣڰ͢ΪƵһԼվ޲صĽǶϰڰ͢˵һЩҲ㲻ʲô
ΪԼελãʵ۲ŻѡԼ
ԭ
ַ粻˿Լ侲
ûĻţûܰһˣе鶼ȫҪԼӦǰûйݣڿǻһЩλϣͱȫĿˣȻһʲôǣĿɾˣԣʱַֻǿԼ侲
һ侲ַоԼ˼Ҳࡣ
ĿǰλãѩħǼֻչ˶̶һµʱ䣬˶֪ʵΪ͸ԼλĻʵۣȻָơ
Լжʵʵ۵Ĳ֪ܲô齻Լ˵
뵽ַͻȻЩ˻ʵ۵˼ǰһͬʱҲɵһ
ǣٴ˼һֱ˰˹
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㡭ǲƭҵģǲ԰ͷʲô飿ַ磬ҧżѵĴ³仰
ַ翴ӣƬ̣ǽʵȥ룬ڻδʵ֮ǰ˵Ҳûʲôôǣ˵ûƭ㣬һжһʱһжҲ벻Ȼᷢ顣
ô˵԰ʬ֮ʧģɫЩ԰ףĻŶ̶̼Сʱʱ䰡
ַ˼ߵߣ˵ҰǸġ
ǡƺûᵽַ˼˫֮лЩã
ַ΢΢˿Ҳ˵˽淢Щɣ
ǵġȻЩã˵仰ͬʱĿ֮Щ
ַ֪ĸǰȻūϣ֮ӣűƽݣĸҲƽᣬλãǸ԰Ǽĸ׵ʬҲһ
Сʱĸ׾ѾҲŶĸ׵һ˿㽣ַǰһǰһĶʱڹ¶ԺҲԼĸĸ˭һԼĸĸԼӹ¶Ժȥ
ȻʱЩԶļ䶼Ѿģַȴ˺ᵽеĸо˵ĸֻһ㽵ĻǶĸף
Ȼǰֻūַ羭˵СʱȦʱ֮Уĸܻ˲עʱ͵͵ܵȦĵطȻͳһСĵĵݸȻ㿴ɵЦֻһٱ޴򣬲űһЩԸϻȥ
˵ʱԴΪŨˮԵʣǸݸһֻῴɵЦĺ˲һ˿Ī㺣ǣ֪ʲôʱһѪȴůĻӡԺÿһĺҹﶼһڴôı䡣
ԣȻδĸ׽̫࣬Ƿֿ˵ĸȴʼնûиı䣬ȥ֮ÿ궼һЩʱȥ԰֮пĸס
ַ˵ÿȥ԰׵ʱоһůļ䡣
ʱ԰ʬȫƾʧƽ
ֲϲ̫ˣԼУеȫĵ׵ˡ
ԣĬ˰죬ͷһ仰ǰϵʱȥѾѩħǴ󹫵û뵽ֻһ󣬾Ҳˡ
仰ƮƮģƮַĶУɵһᵽʱеķӿĵ׵ļСΨһ屻ľоǰͷǿۿеˮȴƫƫ޷ѹҲк˿һַֻļϣ
ҴӦ㣬һˮʯҲһһ㸸׵Źǡ
ַ磬Բ𡣡Ĩһˮǿô̵ʱеʬ嶼ʧһգ϶һ˾ܰ쵽ģҪѶȿ϶ܴ㲻Ϊҡ
İɣ˵ַʱֻ˵仰̾ϢһʱºѲҲûκͷ֮ǰҪһ鷳顣
֪˵ͷ̧ͷַ磺Ҳ϶Ҫ顣
ַٴ̾˿϶˵һҲ֪ˣ°½ղ뵽һİ취Ҫ鷳һˡ
ȥģûж˵ֱ⡣
ַ΢΢˿Զһ£Ŵ³һ仰


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ȥƺЩ⡣
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ǴӦ飬͸ǾңҲҪǷģҲ͢ľٶȫԵж֮پǷϡǼӦ飬ʲôҲҪ˵ֱӻˡ
һһߵ˵ͷַ˵֮ʱڵ֪ˣھȥ
ţȥɡַӦһ漴ʲôæһ䣺˳֪ͨ鷿ҡ
ǡǷǷ˳ȥ
ַʱų̾˿˫üûչĸˡ
ڽĹؼ㣬ڹ͢ϣϾ廹ϵˣ֮ԱңΪ͢һԺڰ͢ƵĻǲų仰ҲͻڹͲ֮һЩٶ
˵ͬ͢Լ飬ôͱúˣҪǲͬ⣬޷õҲýˣ
ַоͬ͢ԼļҪһЩԭܼ򵥡
˲ַ֪֪ѿò˶೤ʱˣôһνŵʱ䵱Уι֮Ҫģ۹ֽ͢ģ͢ҪƷλҵͳΣûҪ͢Եֶ䣬ֻҪˣͬųλҵĻٰһͿˡ
⼸˶ʱ͢Ҳڰ͢飬ֻҪһųڻҵĻѾ㹻ˣͲҪìͷָڰ͢
Ҳ˵͢õ۹ĳ˼ȫ·ֱһ𵽵Чã
ǣҪ֮ʣ۹ͳѾͲҪˣȻڵĻҲʼáͿҪˣһеأҲûʲôˡ
Ҳ˵͢ûʱңľȫΪѶ׼ϡ
ʱǲ˱ңƷͳ齨˼͢Ͼ˼һսֲ͢òֳһЩע£ҪΪٴȨڰ顣
ؼǣڵڰ͢ûκεǶĻֻкڰ͢ŻϣսֻǲŻҵΪڰĲȡ֮
˵͢ͲϣսΪѾӮ˼е֮ؼʱڣ͢ûбҪȥڰ͢
ԣվǶȿǣַкܴչͬ͢Լ顣
ΪʲôᷢƵ¼ַͲö֪ˡ
ҲΪö֪ԲŲȷ͢һӦԼ
͢ӦԼĻǾ˵ΪĳЩԭҪλ֮սֹ͢ǿĺ֧ţԼҲûбҪⳡҵˡ
ΪԹ͢ʵ뵱ĺƷεĻҼֱ׾٣ԼѩħǴҲͲڣҲ͸Ͳȥˣ
˵ܴܲ飬ȫͿ͢𲻴Ӧˣ
ںڰ͢һԼҲ˹ȥѯʣȻڰ͢ҲսĻᣬڰһЩǡʱѾˣ
һƷһٹ̵սڶʱھܳɹģǱӵкڰ͢ȫ֧֣ʥǿǿߣͲܲⳡսΪһ˽ȥȫ˲ȡûս֮еľϴԣѽĻ㡣
ʥǿ߲սںڰ͢ȫ֧£Լڵʱɹȡڵͳνײ㣬ǻҪѴʱһЩϴԵĹǸûôʱ䣡
ң͢Ҳɿķйֺ͢˵͵ɷʴһףȨ䵽˹͢
Ȼǻάڵľ棬Ϻķõľ
ԣͨ⼸Ƕȵķַȷ͢ϣսķһŵ㻹ڹ͢ϣֻҪ͢ӦԼô͢ͻҵһЩϣⳡҾͿԺܿõƽϢ
ڣΪϣĽôҪľǵķվУ˵Ǹһ̨ͬˣ
ΪַŻ˻ʵΪʲô齻ԼϾԼļȻտʼչһµʱȴǲСӵģãҵĵ۶Լߴĵط
ǰֻҪͬ͢ˣַΪķһ̨ͬ¾ܽ飬һ̨ͬףַѾˣҪȴģֻǹ͢һ̬ˡ
ԣַڲǳ飬ģ顣
ȻĽЩʧʬȴǻûеõΪĴˣκνģȴ޷
Ҳ˵Щʧٵʬ廹ûκͷҵЩʬ壬ĸ׶Ѿô꣬ͱһˣòϸ޷ֱôҳĸʬǣ
ַĵģӡӡĹѨˣܾ˰Ѳ˹ϵ
ҪȥĲҵǸˣǴ룡
뵽ַ粻ɵֳ̾˿
ҲЩʱ򣬰ҲѾ鷿棬ַǶٽѵµлЩ֪Լǲֵˣǿ֪ͨԼһģɵضûõģٶ
˼һ·Ҳû뵽ִַ磬鷿ǰʱҲֻӲͷƤߵ˷š
ˡ
ˣǰ£ڿԽȥ𣿡С˵һ䡣
ַԭ˼飬ҲûеǹСģûж룬ھ˵һ䣺ɡ
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ڴӸϽȥʱֹͣϵеûҵѾҲ۳ȥȻҵףйٶ鷿ҡţЩʱ䲻ˣȥɣ
˵ţַ绹ʶ͸һɫ
һΣѧˣַûѵԼ˼ҲҶ˵ʲôӹӹӣûκηϻֱӾǷ񣬹ǣϾȥ
ţһ㣬õƥַߴһ䡣

Ȱߺַվͽ鷿ڲ߶š
µʱһÿĻƻ裬Ǹʱæµһ׼ؼϢʱ䣬ңҲæһ˾и빺Լʱԣһ£ʱ䲻ġ
֮ǰ۳Ϊʬе飬ýӦûָĸʱ䣬ַ翼ǵյ۶Һ԰ʬʧٵ飬ܿȴڵһʱͰѺܶʬʧٵԭ򣬻ǵ۶ҵ鵱ŷ۳ȥŸϽðǰȥֹ
Ͼܶ˵ȴŴгһֵô
ؼǣǸҵĿǰCEOֻǰ¸ͲӰ죬ֻҵĿģܶྭ鶼ûУһⱾ͵˷˼Ľų̶ϣٴλһͣǺɾ޷Ԥˡ
ȻַֻеһĿģһΪҪĿģǾǽ£Ҳϣ
ȻҪ˵һµķչֵַԺҲֻˣҵڳ̽ǻû죬ĿǰܴӰǽĹؼ
ڣַҪ˼ģǸڰ͢ͻҵǸ̨׵ľϸںͰˣ
ϾԼ˭ǲҪҲһҪĹƽ
ȣ˻ʵ۵ּ⴦飬ȻȨ֮һַվýǶȣԣҪųڶαҵΣգܶ˻۹档
Ҳ˵øһ԰Щæڸ֤ݵʿҵһ˵ֿתƹӽǵɣҪǵΪڡΪ񡱡
Σ͢ˡ͢еҪ飬˫ܵ
ڰ͢Ϊ˴¼ίһȻǳԿ͢ΪƵһҲܵƻĽѵǣ͢ΪǿһǸһѵҲøһǰ
Ҫһһʯ֮ƣʵ̫˰

ַһ˼ţһߵȴ׵ĵǣȵĲǰףȴȥ
ʱûлףɴڸݵز£֮ǰ࣬ѾһοЦݣЦ֮£һ˿ɻ
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ַ粻Щ⣬Ҳ׽һ񣬱ʵŶȰѹ˵¡
ǡ˵ͷһ˼ҰķԸȥ֮󣬾ҵ˹񸸣Ұҵ˵һ£ֱӰҽܸгȻָг˵һ飬ҲûֱһڴӦ̺˳ûκӣЩֵǣĲǹ̻ʣǹг
ĻַĬǵðִʦ˵ǹ̻ʻǺڰ̻ʣڶ޷һΪ׼Ļг̻ʱ̬Ҳʲô
ؼǣ͢붼ûʹӦô˵ѵͺڼ䣬ƺڰ͢ˣ
ַĬϲֳһɵǣæʵǲǳʲô飿
ûУĺܺáַҡҡͷҲټȥֻ֮͢ҪӦԼؼһǽˣǣ˵šˣȥϢɡ
˵ţַ̲סֲһ䣺Ҫ룬ң
ţ֪㡣˵ͷظһ΢Цûټ˵ʲôת߳鷿
ַ粻һѹסļ޴ѹɵûüٿʲôʱȴŵ
ˡ
󣬱һϤϰ壬ڿԽȥ𣿡


ʮ һʯ
ַ͵ȵȲʱһ⴫ʱ͸ߺһףϽ
£һ򵥴İŶ룬һĳɼνƹϰĴ󺺵֮ÿ춼棬ÿҵǵͳ˯εʱЦѣҲԸչַ̨˸м
ֻǣȴʧȥַĵĸˣȡ֮һӣȻѾֵ»˳ȥΪѩħǼ²ҵ߸ˣӶһݶеĸ飬İѾ档
Ļ˵ǾǡҰ׵ķҲҵһŮˣһ켣ƹݵӣҴر
Ȼ׵³һ㣬ҲһеУԣһʱʱ̲סע棬룬ںܳһʱڣ̬ȻǺѸı䡣
ԽչԽѸ٣״ĵҲοյǳ粨˵Ϊܸ֮ǰ۳ȥ߸ҲæµӪ֮񳱣о֮ǰŬֵõġ
ֻһĹҲǵڶħеʱ򣬵ȴͬڵһĻ𱬣ֱҪʱڶȻȥʮͷ·ð״Ӹɽֱ֮ӵ˹ȵףºҲҵԭ
Ϊ֮ǰ𱬣һԵ˼άԣڵڶ۵гϵʱûлȥעгĺȻ֮ʱע⵽۶Ѿ˴䶯
һ˵ʶȿǵľ̻棬ǣ֮ͣУҲ˽⵽Ǳҵԭ򣬰ԼΪʡ¶ԼǸСƹݵĺͬʱҲַӳһ˵ʶ԰ʬʧΪ㣬ֻ˼汾ҲŵħƵͼ
Ͼ԰ʧʬһĸԴ֣ܸⷽӼǵĹ
ڰ׺ò׺ķ˴ʱֳ⼸汾õĳݣССһѵʱ򣬰´ϢȴһˮֱӴͷŵףҲǼѪ
ȻʶϰҲֱʵԡ
ʱֱоԼһεε˵Ļȣµʱȴһʧ䡣
˵Ĵˣİ취кܶ࣬һԴﵽйĿģ´Ϣȴûⷢйİ취
йȫֹͣĵħƵļƻȻҲˣ
ƣҲйķʽǳӣһַ磬ֱ߳һӿˮϰ壬治֪ôģ۶ƽңһ޴̻ȫԽƣֹĶг
ǣû˵ʱַسڴϣ˵ô
ûַôĿǣɵʶľסˡ
ַҲ׵ȳǱһĽ͵װİףҪףϰһ壬ʲô֮ǰҪվϰĽǶȿһ£Ҫֻǰ̻棡
˵һ䣬ַ³һ۶ƽҵȷһ̻룬ƽҶ˭в
ҲɵӣֻȻڿƺܷ⣬Ͼֻλϴһµʱ䣬˵Ƕҵ죬Ҳ˵ĹȥϾһҵһһΪеҵ
ǰֻһСƹݵϰ壬Ȼ漰һЩϵ飬̶һµʱ䣬ҲѶγɵ̬ȸԣһʼֻ뵽׬ǮԵأҲԼϰַ
ַôһѣҲڵһʱתεĽַĻ磺Ե۹ͳߡ
Ҳסַ仰Ӱ׵³һɲ˶һҵţ˵仰󣬻Ǿһʱ˼빤ԺٷƵĴ󣬲ɵ˵
ȷе˵ӦҡΪѩħǹڵһʱӦǰƽϢⳡңģûҷģͨκεȥⳡҵŴ󣬷Ҳ˻ҵж۹ˣҿɲһս
˵ַʶּһƽһ£ܽԣΪ²ҵ߾ˣκξ֮ǰһҪվҵĽǶȿһ£һζֻ֪̻ںܶʱЩ̻װߣҲȥץ롭˵ЩӦöˡ
ǵģϰ壬ȫˡԭǳɫʱѾȡ֮ҲȫĻ⣺ǱǸ鷳
ˣףЩ˲ɡַ̾˿ĿѴﵽͲٶ˵˰еǹΣ㼰ʱοҪһ飬磬αҵ飬ǱܿЩеԪأȥô׬Ǯ
Ŷһ׬ǮɫͺһЩһ£ɵʵϰ壬˵ǻ̵ܴǮ𣿡
Ϊʲôܣַ練һ䣬漴˫ۣ΢΢һ˿ȣǲ̵ǮҪΪ۹İףңº󲻵ٴθǣΪƳһЩصܱ߲Ʒ
ϵѾʧ˴룬ңַ˫˸ŶصĹâҲԽùϰ壬Ǹô
ַ翴Ű׵ģ˿ϡ

ʱ֣͹Сʱ֮
ƽʱʱҴ඼һЩɵ˶һƣͣǣڽձ¼Ӱ£Ѿشı仯ȻڣоӵѹûвڶεıңǿӲ֮£ǲɵû챧ԹˣԵ۹ӡֲ˼֡
ָԵıԹǿҵԹ칤˾ġϾܶʿҲǸ԰֮С
ҵǣ뿴һĻûзֻֽŵȴеĹǶоʱ̫ԼˣΪ԰ʵ̫˵ȱȻϵ⡣
ʱ䣬ǹ͢ڰֻ͢ǻңûйκηԣùƽе˼Ϊڶ̶̵ʱڣһáĿ񳱡
ʱٹĸϵУҲ͵гУϵƽʱһûйڽ챩ҵκּأ𱬵ġֱϵеĿλãȴǼ˽Ĺؼ
󣬻ҰյѩħǼİź󣬱ѹҵľĿʼ룬Ȼ׵һþӷɾ衣
ǣܶƽǷ˾ӷ˾֮󣬾˳ȥ׼Ѱ־ͬԼһѰͲסѾõķŭͬ飬׼ٴһ
ǣѩħǼյ۹ġźšʱ򡭡
һݽճ¯ġֱɣпǼŹڽ԰ʬʧŶ
ֵĳڣһдĻ֮ԵΪԶȻ󣬱һβɰһСŮһַǰСֽĶлһݣ̧С첲ڿлš
ԭЩˡӡƽѰҡͬ־ֻȻǼġߡڵ۹Ŀ֮£տյĳ֮кѼƽ񣬲ɵԵЩġ
СŮ۵֮ʱһ¾ͱ˹ȥСŮĺ仰˵ĵ֮Уһıǵĵ׶Ե۹һЩʧҲаûЩ˼СŮһ˿κͰ
ҪǣƽʱѾһֱζĿţΪҵһѾ֮һµֱǣСŮġѡʱûп̫࣬ʱǮһݡ
ĿʶģͣΪĿŹڽ԰ʬʧϡ
ͬһʱ̣۶ĸСﵱУܳһһ񡰱ֽĺ֮ͯŮĿ֮´󶼲꣬ЩͯĿȫ֮ǰСŮһĻڵ۶ĸﵱУֱˡӡƽԻȡ΢ļöͭ塣
Щˡӡƽһֱ֮ԭؿڼǷݷŭȻûʧ֮ǰǹǿҵĳ嶯ȴƽϢ˲٣ǿĿ֮۵ײɵøã
һľѩħǼġֱϵѾǵУǼʶ˽ĹȻкܶٵĳɷ֣Ҳģٻһ𣬲ɵƽŲɡ
ҪǣֱֻһЩƽѩħǹ¼ûƭɣмٵĳɷ֣ҲܲһЦؼǣһʬмֱ֮ıѾĵ״εĻ
ԣڿֱе򱨵֮ʱʶľȥ˱еݣֻڱеĹΪͬɻı顣
ʱֱСǶһԵĳ֮ĵشţЩ˵ı鿴֮󣬱ʧԭء
֮ЩǼſڣӰܿʧ档
ʵϣЩǴ඼ԱСʣµһЩǺӵС飬֮ЩСǴͷ󣬾ȡ˶ԺӺ޷ԣΪ˰ȫÿĽһװѩħǼ
ҺãһڼΪɹǣõĵ۹ӱʼ˳롣
ĹԱÿ˶һġֱ˴ۣڷ־Ѿʱ򣬲ɵЩƣʧȥ˷йĶƺǻЩӦ
һЩѾʼѰȾ͡ӡȥͬ顣
ĹԱץסᣬȺڿʼΪԭʼĽеһں桢ãͷŭУܿһǮȺԱвġֱ֮󣬾ĵ˳Ⱥ
ǣʱеȺвɵöһȺȻֱһݣ˹ۿһݾ㹻𾪵ˣܶ࿴ֱڿϴָӱʱ򣬸ϽȺҪϼۡ
ֱѾڲͬ˵񴫵
пֱˣ϶¶ͬ顪ãɡ
ͬʱ͢ڰ͢ϻҶõһݽֱ۹λʵ۵ϵĿʶľͳĿȥֻдһγ֣Ҳܼ򵥡
ȣ鷨ʦһҹ֮ͽеʬȫã˺֤ܶݣ˵Ȼħʦ츳⣬Ͼʲô˶ħʦ츳ʲôħʦмڰ͢Ļᡣ
Ļڰ͢鷨ʦܺܶ࣬ԳǧĹѨҲһҹ֮ȫõĳ̶ȡ
Ȼһڰ͢Ҳͣʱͷ֮ϣûǶ˵ѩħǼķ˵飬ͱΪ˵ĺڰ͢š
ֽʬʧԭҲΪʦľΪЩʬѾȫعĻӦΪЩ˸е˶ǷŭϾ񼣣Ҳûͻô̵ʱھеʬʧˡ
۹Ļʵ۵ϿʱյһԻҽϢ͢Ѿʾֱȫʵֽ֮ǰ֮Խìͷָڰ͢Ϊŭ֮³ͷԣڹ̻ʰ֮Уڽյּ⣬õʬ嶼ѾعĻϢ
Ϣֻ֮ǵ˵ͷͽĿһϣ
ȻҶϵ۹ʿĹѨϸӵĶųᣬʵϣڹ̵йأ嶼عĻˣڰϢ֮ٴεõİϢ֮󣬲ŻİϢ
ԣʿǸĹѨϸİϢҪڸʵȻʱʿǻڸʵ˼ǵΪֺγе߶Ϣأ
ϵѾ¶΢Ц⣬һӣ鲻Խ˵һ䣺Ǻһһʯ֮߰


ʮ ʧһ˲
ڵ۹Ļʵ˵һ仰ͬʱ۶Ѿ
ûɵӣ۶ƽȻҲǣԣڿֱдĹ԰ʬʧ¼ʱһֱֱŲɣҲһ˿ɵġǹ͢˵鷨ʦɵô
ǣŹ͢˵ǵ߸Եı̬˲һȻвɵöͬʱðһ仰ԭ
Ȼ͢ٴα̬Ʒ˵һα̬Ĺ۵㣬ȴûж룬Ҳỳɹ͢˵Ļңֱϵ˵ǣù͢һ˵иߴ
ԭŭҲȻʣΪԭ԰ԼʬҲܻعĻеǰδеοͿģܶ˶ֵĶͬ˵ǰ¿ҲֻΰĹڶ̶һϵʱˡôһʼû뵽أ
仰˼ĺܶҲѸȺ֮дСʱʱ䣬һ꣬˵ǹΪӭ߶ɢһɵĽʱ׹õ֤
˶Դ±ʾɣôܶ˾ͻ˵Ҫӽʱ򣬻ô귢𣿡
߶ʱƿԡǰѾҪӭӣ˭ļ񻹶ͷһΣ
ȻʱҲйӡ֮Уȴǲ㼤ҡ
ʵԼֻ֪һ˼ά⣬ʵϣǰʱҲ¹˴ꡢ˴ףǵļ֮ҲѱģղžӡһڼΪ϶㲻òʵ
ַǰĻ˵򵥵ʾ
ڳʱʾ١Ļһ٣ٴǧľʹ˵ĿУκһԣ˵ĶˣҲˣ
Ȼ˭ۿʵֻ࣬˵
ҲΪǶԹЩäĿŵĻºܿҲ뵽˵Ϊֱϵһ䣬ǶԵ۹ľҲѺ
Ⱥʿֻڸ࣬ȴҲڲߵõİϢѵǲӦøл𣿡仰ȴĳ֪Ŀ
Աİ֮£仰ҲܿȺ֮д˿˻˵ŶǺǣѵ㲻ЩʿǺܿɰ𣿡
ǡ۹ľӱĳ԰֮УҲΪЩõĹѨϸӣڼܶƽҲæһĹѨϸӣΪľ԰õϢ
ȽеĹѨȫ֮󣬵۹ֹԱʾ԰ΰĹٹ˺κʬЩϢߣµĹλڵ۶Զλơ
Դˣ˶ûбʾԣϾ˭ԼЩװϢܵκδţվԡĹ̫ԶԴ£ҲܿûȺĿˮ֮С
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ΪƽϢⳡҵѩħǼ壬Ҳõ˾޴Ϊյı걻Ϊ񼣵󣬺ܶ˶ºһֱǳǼûеҲãΪ˼˴εش¼Ҳգֽ˲١
ڰףȻε¼뵽µӣָƽĵ۶ҲõڶħƵõ˳Ӷӹ˰о顭
һε¼УΪ˲ͬĲͬù͢ٴεõǿҲַ׬һҲɨƽǶڵ۹ӵǹɳӣ˶ڻͳεв˵ڴ˴¼лһĺô
Ȼܶʱ˵Ϊ͹۵Ϊӡ󣬶ڵ˵ĻĵִֻäĿţʱվһεһ˳Ϊ˵Ʒ˵ԭڼϵ˵ͬȡһԺΡ
һ£õľһ鵽ﻹûȫõ
ΪΪһֱίĺڰ͢ĿӦõһĺôԼ޹һȴɵñǵĲ
ڰ͢ìͷҲָ˹͢
ָ͢һʼʱͰһìͷԼоһʱ䵱ɵһʧǶںڰ͢ȵȡ
ڰ͢һ̬ڵ۶֮һȻ󲨣ǿʼԼó嶯еѾȥ˺ڰ͢ԼǸ⣬Թۣҿ˵Թۡ
һȺ˵ڹ񣬾ǹ͢Ĳԣǿڰ͢ڷˣ
ǣһȺ˺ܿٴξۼ˺ڰΧ۷ֻ̣ǳЦȺߵΪȴǼǰȺǸǵĵ⣬֮ǰȺ˿ڰ͢һܵίȻܵӦġ⳥ΪЩƫִΪǶԹһ˿΢ı䶯
һ˿䶯Ȼ΢ȴʵĲˣʱҲΪΣյʱ͢Ļôһ˿䶯ͻ̳
͢ݵĳĬ֮һӹľҲӹΪΪ˽ӽʷһ
͢ʾε¼ȷԼⷽдȣԸ˸ڰ͢ǸҲԸ⳥ڰ͢ʧ
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ڱѧԺУ޲鷿ڵַ磬͢ʱ򣬲ɵùЦ޲˵Ժˣ͢ͿҪߵͷˣ
Ŷָʲô޲ƺûַ˼ʶıһ䡣
ַȻκڽ̣ҲûԵʶӹ͢δںڰ͢϶ڹǹ˹͢ЦԺˣȻڹ͢ռ˼˵˵һת۵㣬ڰ͢õõһڰ͢
ˣҲԼǣҽͽ͡޲ַһѣЦ䡣
ַ֪ԼֵĻˣܲ޲ĸԸİѰݼ޸ԼҪıˣ˿һ˼·Ժˣڰ͢ʱһô̵˺ڰ͢Ǹ⣬Щ̵ȴоǺڰ͢ڹ͢衣
Ҳ֪ͬԣ˵һֺϰߣҲ˵һֺ΢Ӹһìܵ棬̵˻ãһԼҲά͢ϡ
һķȴȻ̵һвһ˿ҡߵͬἤеķģǿڰ͢Ѿ˼ίֺαͱأԣԱìܡ
͢ȴʱ̬ϴ󣬱Ͽǹ͢ȡ䣬ʵϣ˵жͬһִԭ̵һ˿͢ǶԵģҲ˶ںڰܵ͢õֽеοҲӦΪһĽ֡
ǣ̵һ˵ȴһ˿΢Ѻۣǿô־Ϊά͢ϣ͢ȴϡϴɴеĵߣҲǵһʧֻǱ̬
̬ڶʱںѲһЩı仯ȴǸڰ͢һԲķ϶ڰ͢õĺõĻȫͿԽİ˵ɺڰֻʱ⣡
֮¹͢Ȼ־ʵʧ֮
Ŷ̬͢ôأ޲شַĻһ䣬֮дһ˿ײЦ⡣
ַ˵𾢣Ҳûע⵽޲ص˵ȥҪңҾͼǿӲȥϳϴԺڰ͢ͷȻܻʧȥһι̵ͽȴҲܽЩΰס
ϾһɵͷֲΪĿĵҵţñֵôԲڽ˵̬ȲҪģ
̬һ棬ڰ͢Ҫȹ͢ǿĶ࣬ңҲ֪ǲɺϣڰ͢ʱű̬ʵ̫ˣڱҵսʱǵͣһȳУûгȴҲﲻЧҪ̫ȴˣǵľҲˡ
ֻ˵ʱ̬ΪʣⲻɺϵĻߵ˵ʶʵ
͢ʶȴǲ̫ԶˣɣܰѴ½ϼ˵Ĺ̻ʣǲѾݱˣڣҿ϶͵ȵľ߾Ȼһ½һΰģ
ȻִַʦԵʣԹ̻żų⣬ȴܷϹ̻ʵĳɾͣڰ͢£֮鼸Ľ䣬ȷֵַ
˵һμҵԴǷ̺ͳЦ˵һʧ䣬˵Ƕһֱʧ
ԣŹ̻ˣҲԸһΰµ޴
Ҳڴ˿̣вһпʧһ˲䰡
һε¼һ˲͸ıĵǼ᲻ɴݵλãȻĿǰ˵ɸı൱΢Լûвһʵ׵ĵ߸ָտɴ
޲ַһλԶƬ̣ȴʵ͢ôأ
⣿ַһ˿ЦȴһʧʧҪֻһ飬˵ҿܻţ鷢֮ǰ͢ìͷָڰ͢޷ͣ
ԭһʼʱҲΪ͢ôǲи뷨Ͼ۶һ˵ûκεĺôǣ͢ڶα̬ͳʧˣҪĻڶҲͲǸԣڶҸͲ͢ǲʲôˡ
˵һ䣬ַ糤̾һ㳯޲ؿȥɵ޲һЦĿԼʱвŻȻɵһ죬ڨڨԺˣԭһֱڿҵЦ
޲ضˬʴЦַϸˣļ˿ĵͣļʶѾѵˡѩħǹλȫʸΡ
ǺǡԺˡַЦһ䣬ȴ̾ϢһҵʵҲֻԼ֪ˡ
޲ؿַģѾ¶ɫٴַļȥɣñµȵ̫ãĺƯ̫ǳܿܲٽʲôԴҲҪ̫
ףڵһжǱ¸ģѾ֪ˡַ΢Ц˵һ䣬޲ص仰ҲվǷǷԺˣھ͸ˡ
ȥɡ޲ص˵ͷº͵ذ˰֡
ַˣ㲻ٶ˵ת뿪޲ص鷿ش˷š
һߣ޲ز˿ŨŨЦķ˹ȥ


ʮ 
סһ࣬ͻȻ˰ݵͬʱζ˼£㿴ݴһ˳ûվæ룬Ӧ÷ǳɡٺ١
˵ʱ򣬰ѾվֱӣĿͶһЦ޲أֻǣϻмҼԵǱϵЦȴԱ⡣
ҵŮòȥϴɣ޲ѾվŰݾͳ鷿ԡȥ
Ȼ޲ص鷿ΪסԵʣѾ㲻鷿ˣġҡߣԡҡҡȵȣһӦȫֻ޲ƺǲ̫ϲˣ鷿֮һֻһˡȻڰݱҵ֮󣬿ճԭᣬҲס
޲ص仰ȴһ˦޲ص֣ץס޲صĸ첲ŤӣСŮסȸң
⣬Ŷţ޲ظ˵һ䣬üͷ룬ղŴĹʱӦ֧ŵ˰ɣ
ʶĿ˿Լ˫֣˫ϻвٻҳһץ޲صĸ첲ʱҲ첲ϴ˻ҳɵɫ΢һ£Թףɨһˣ
һ䣬޲ͻȻĬƺҲʶʲô̧ͷ޲أϽĿڵǰһҲѽ
޲زԸԼŮǰʧ̬һ±ͻָЦȷǸһˣȻҾɨһ顣
֪ǲǰһ仰޲һЩĶһ仰Ȼ΢Ц˵ЦȴǺǿ
ȻЦеǿ뵽ʲôҲЩ䣬˵סַ⣬ҡ
Ҫ޳ȥңҲСˡ
޲ش˰ݵĻ£һż˵ַ˵Ǹиˣܴͬ˵ҲϺǻˣңĸʵҲǳͣò˼ʱ䣬һܽʥ֮С
˵޲ͻȻͣһתЩοԵ˵ֻǣˣԺⲻ˻кܶŮˣȻеⶼϣϾᣬԺ·ܳңڵλѾﵽ˶⣬ȱǵ̣ԺҪ׳ȻҪٹǻԣһҪǰһ׼
˵⣬ݵɫԹͬЩСͽϴ԰ĹŮӣΪҲƽ飬ҵԽ࣬Ҳ˵ĵλԽߡ
һԽŮ˷ϵŻǸе˷ܣе˺෴һλ߳ҵٵĻǲŻǸе֡
ݴСûȦгΪڹԭͯʱ⼸ȫڿ̿жɹģԣûнܹκεϴԽһ޲˵仰ʱͷףȷԲˣһʱʱᵽԱ
ҵŮ޲ȰΪ֮ǰƽ񣬶ȴŮ䲻ŻԱڲһˣѾµѩħǹ
ףݺȻһڴϣ˵λԸıһ𣿡
˵Ըı䡯ǡһ䡯
޲ؿŰݾǿӲЩżҲЩңȦ֮ᱻͬңַ粻㣬ҪһЩȹ̸й嶼Ȼߵһ·ԣҵŮ㲻ҪΪΨһһŮˣ
ҲţͻȻҧһץס޲صĸ첲˵й嶼Ҫߵһ·أΪΪʲôû·ҴСû߼Ůˣ֪Ů˾ֻĸף
һ仰ʱ޲סˣɫ粻֮Ҳ˸ŸӵĹâؿȻһ̣֮Ѿǿҵķӿǿѹɷӿѡ˼Ȱ˵
ݣҲͬҳΪʱʥǿߣҲҪκθۣǧǰʲôҪȡңȫҲõòŸύң㲻ȥδɷ˸ǲͬģ𣿡
ҡңǡݱ޲˵ƿԣ춼ûҵĻƺ֮Щ˵Լɣ񣬶Եôһ
޲һҪڿʼѧһӦöҪЩʲôһ㰲ӦʦУҪףںܶʱ򲢲˽ӵС氮һˣ͸øɣȥ׷ҪģֻҪ߳һʱ򣬿ҸҲоҸǰС
仰ЩƮƺǳȰ˵֮⣬һ˼仰󣬳Ĭ˺һŵͷƽ˵һ䣺ꡭĸҲ˵𣿡
޲سһ£ûκι΢΢ͷ˵Ļȴ̾Ϣһ㣺
ҺˡݳһȻͷٴΰĿ޲ؼϣҼ޸ַ֮󣬿ɾֻʣһˡ
ôأ޲صЦЩǣǿһزѧԺѧԱأ
֪ԼĸǿջЦⰲοԼҲͱֽѪֻ֮ǣ¶һ˿޲ؿæ˵˾䣺ݡ˵ʲô˵ɣĸף㻹ʲô˵ô
סҧ´ɫЩӣվʵĸҳ޵졭𣿡
һΣ޲û˵ѡĬ

ַһ߳ѧԺĴţһĺ֮Уڽֱϵз۳ȥ֮ܵ˻ʵ۵ټȻʵ۵ԭȥʹһˣûȥ
ԣһԡ֮޲ԭһ¼δİݣȴֱӾͱ޲ôķʽ˹ȥ޲̸ôõʱ䣬Ҳ֮ҲȥѰҰݣٵһЩʱ䡣
ϾʵȻ˵ʲôʱȥУԼҲϵ̫ãԼļδԵ̫ˣ
ʵ˵ʵ֮԰齻ԼȻܴԭΪԼΪʲȴҲڿԼԼ
ҺãõԲĽַҲһȥʵۻϴܵС
޲̸һַȴԼ뷨
ʵϣҪִʦӰ죬Թ͢ҲûʲôоΪִʦ޲صŻԹ͢Ϊų⣬ҲֻųѣûԴ󵽲͢Կ˼
ĿֻǺܰ⵹Ŀľʹﵽˣ
Ȼ˵ǰִʦδ޲أҪԿ͢ʱҲԥĽԼ׳
ǶôжôΰֻΪ˶ԼˣȻҲ˿Լˡ
ʵܶ飬ô򵥡



ʮ ϵҰ
ܿͿ˻ʹ֮ǰַ֮ͽʵ鷿ķȥǣʱȴ֪ʵڻ԰ǰȥ棬ǣֳַ԰ķȥ
԰ʱԶԶͿΧڻ԰ſڵĻҽЩַ֮зֳһǰʱѩħǴѾȴ󹫶ʱˡ
һ仰Ǿ䡰ʱַ粻飬ҽ˵ͷһ˽ȥ
˵ǻ԰԰ȴûʲôÿĻֻһֲǾҵͼڡ
ִŴ̵ľֻ֦ǵĵ׺һЩС׻ѣ̸Ϻÿңʱֵ֮ĩʱ԰֮ӳľֻһƬѿľֻ֦Щھ֦ĻɫĽ泤ž֦ϵЩ̣ȴ͹Գһʢ׳С
ε۹ʵ۵ϣһ򵥵Űۣվһ֮ǰûһ˫־ضŻأ˼
ַĽǶȿȥֻܿϵıӰûж룬ߵǰһ࣬һ¡
վһ࿴ȥܿϵİӣ̶һµʱ䲻ϵʱǰ΢һЩһ֡ƻΧԭȵǹȻָߣȥȴҪ̤ϼԭʱ˲١
ַ漴ת΢΢һЦַ磬ˡ
ñµȺʱǱǸַǷǷӣº͡
û䣬̾˿ַļͶȥһ΢Ǹ˵εˣȸ
£Ҷַûж˵ʲôº˹ȥ
ϼˣҲ϶˵ȻЦַ磬Ҳʱȥķؿ˰ɣ
һ仰ַ粻ЩͷʹۿӽԼȴûҵõ˲ţв̾һŵϵ棬ϲûбֳֻǵ˵ͷǰ׼ߵһЩ飬ͳ
šҲȱǮˣҾ֣˵޲ع㾫ǧˣ̫ĵĻҲ˵ȥϳһ£漴ЦЦһҾʹȥǾųǧɸ㡣
ַһ⻰жʱһ𣬲ͬسǵЩʿѲ߾Ǿſ˵۹ΪΪ۹֮һפڵ۶֮Уػ۹ĵΣװϾͲܱġ
һľţҲֻǽҾģҪʱĥ£ַ绹޲ԭ󳼵̨ʱ̸ǾŵĺܶʿĪĥ¹ϱЩϱȻϲ±ȴḻҪǣѪϴ񣬸ͲЩսûϹ±ȵġ
˵ľָľһȺϱ˵ЩϱÿһһݼΪǲŷḻս飬Ҳͬŷḻ飬ңڱϣĶ֡ǧѪϴϱѾǽǮԺˣ
ҪǾ󳼵̨Ǿ뵤ϵַͲ仰
ֻǣľӢôװ͸ԼȻǱκεҪǿĶַ࣡뵽һϱͬսķգһǿս
ؼǣϵĿʲô֧Ԯ
ַɲôȥ룡ԣڵ˵仰ʱַѡ˳Ĭ
ƺַ뷨͵ǣ漴һһתԴο֪ʲôҲᡣҸղѾ˵ĹҼԣ͸ǧΪ˴¼Ľ
ַһû˵
ַ磬֪ô
Ͻעַ磬϶ࣺҶܸߣԶԶǶԸɭ˲ô򵥣ǱȶˣҪص۶ġ֪Ҳһһ䣬ƾҲܺܿ췢չҸǧһѣܾص۶
ˡַ¶һ˿ɬЦ⣺£лĺ񰮡
ַ磬Ҳ֪ȻλϣǾͲõ۹˥ȥһλĵҪ˲һ¡
ϵϿҶࣺ޵ϣҵĵ۹ܿԽƬ½ţһ죬˵Ƭջڵ۹δĳһ죬ԭҲᱻʥҲΪҲһ죬͢Ҳ۹ͷ


ʮ ֪Ҹ
˵λʱ򣬲ֺɵڲһΪ򵥵飬ƽֳȣƽȵȴַһֿȻƣ·ϸûʲôѵ
һֱַ̣оѪҺһڣǿҵͬ˳һӿɵȺѪЭ̺ˣԭ;ʥҲǲܵ顣
ǡù͢ͷ
Ƿһ£Ҳȫпܣǰǹ̻ʲ߳ǵϾȫʱ䣬ϴԵĹĳһ㣬ÿ˶Ϊߣǹ͢Ȼֻ۹ͷ
ȫǸܵ飡Ϊ۹ǹ͢ͺڰ͢һֽģ
ݰִʦԭʷϣûе۹Ļʵۻе뷨Ϊʱƣ̨Ļܻ͢ĸԤеΪų⣬ų֮£ͨÿһʵ۲һ˽ġ
֮ļ壬ڣȻڻʵ۵ϣʷеĻʵΪܶλϧһЩңֵµĻǸԷȵȡ
ԣ˽֮£͢ôЦڴԼһ߸͢ͳȨ
ǻʵۿλյǻĻʵ۶Ҳ˽е̬ǣÿһĻʵۼһ˽ģö֮ȻٴεǻĻʵҲ֪۹ʵ͢ͳΣȴʧȥֶ͢η
ǡ۹ͻᴦ͢ĹУȻĴ󳼳ԣЩ󳼣Ҫô˻ʵ۵ҪôͷѳɹΪ˵۹ͳߣһֽǾĳЩλȨɹһ
һǾͻеڶȥ۹ֱӷѳ˴СС
ʱ͢ҲվѰһ֣ٻع鵽۹ͳεУԴ͢ٹϷ֮
ġ·µв֪ظ˶ٱ飬ƺ̻ҲЩˣԣڻͳ߸һ㷴ͷʱ򣬾ͳ׶ɱҡ
Ҳ˵ĻȨֻ͢Ŀܣֱ˵̨͢ϵߣ
ڵĵ۹ͳμ壬ڻ۵֮ѾôԵĹλͱһУҲ˵۹ٷѳ
ǣ⣬ȴûн֮ؼ˽ģǿۣһĻʵۣҿЦ࣬͢ڣڵϸףҲһʵ۵ǻ֮ʱ͢ľηѾûˣ
ʱ͢Ҫģظ֮ǰΪλֱĨȥٷһ֧ļ
͢ȴûôַ²⣬ܾܿΪ񶼽ӽԭλ̻ʸϾ˼ǹͬĿˡ
ںڰ͢Ѿλʵۿƣַ޲ĳ̸֮УҲ˽⵽ֻһЦڰ֮͢Աϡڵ۹Ϊ֮͢ɴȫרΪڰ񸴻תǰռ
Ϊڰ͢ĵͷ˵һĴΪ͢ҲͲˣȻȻúڰ͢ͷôҲù͢ͷ
ɺΪֻ̻Ҫ߳һʥǿǰҲᱻɱûʥǿػĵ۹޲ͨʥǿҪԸĻȫ˲ȡڵĻң
ǣΪѾҪѣ͢Ͼ˼۹ΪʱάֿɽһĻң޲ز˽˶ӵ̨Ҳ壬ķʽԭ󳼵˾Ȩ
ڵϵȴͲһΪڰ͢Ѿ۹޲ֻǶԻûҰģȫ˽ַһֱ
ŵ۹½ÿһ䣬ȴŲ˻͢ȫͲ⣬ھǰȨıֶθǸЦ
ֻǣַ֪࣬ȴ֪ʲôķʽߵϣҲ֪񵤵Сٹ̵˼ٸıҪԼóȻ˵²ţķС
Ҫǡ֮ڣҪˣǸʱһоͶҪˡ
뵽һЩַ̲ס̾˿룬ԼֺαطҪߵأܶʱ֪ҸǼȻһжͽͣǵȥԸ͢ǾûϣԸȻпܵģҲҪʱĿ飬ô⼸ʱڽȫڶԸ棬ֱĩա٣ҲܹġҸʱ⡣
ȻǵԼѺ⵹ʵۡ桱ϼ꣬ҲǸл͸Լôһλһ渴Ļɣ
뵽˴ַϱ¶ůЦݣͻ֣صɫ£ַԸ޵׷ߣʶ֮ѩħǼĿ꣡
ַϣûн⣬ȴ̾һҲЩ꣺ҽĻ˵ȴƫƫҪ˵
ַʶȤûнϻôضŵϡ
Ҽǵ˵ϣҵӰӡͷһɫ漴ְĿתַϣ£룬Ӧûǵðɣ
ַ̾Ϣһ֪ԼٳĬȥˣȷϵ仰ûʲô⣬ԼһЩõĺ󣬲ŵ˵ͷȻǵá
ʵϣСʱһһԱˣԱȴǿҵģַʽҲܼ򵥣ǾҪôͲҪãĳ˵ߡ϶һ£̾˿롭һϣӦôɣ
ַûзϣٴεͷǡ
˵仰ͬʱҲһ仰ЩʱԼҲô
ġϿַϵı飬ɵЦһ£󣬲ַ˵˵ȥֻȥȴЩԳСʱ򣬶δұΪλȻҵģǣǸʱΪҸеΣѡӱܡ
Ҳ󣬵Ըȴȫ෴ԻλĿƺϽҲǿʱܸˣΪ˿ҳеҳеˡ
ҵϣֹ˼ʱ䣬ʾȻΪʴǶʱ䣬Ҹ벻ͨ⵽Ϊʲôǣұ㿪ʼʶų⸸ʣȴǵûиģҵųұӶ׽
ÿ춼ʱԽ̵ҵ֮ҸĸŬȴԴ˲мһˣɫԴıʴ뷨
֪ʲôһɶ׽ûиı
˵϶һ£Ȼ쳤̾һģҲǸʱ򣬷һ£Ҹı˲뵱ʵ۵뷨Ҳ׸ʵΪʲôΪʴˡ
˵ţعͷַ磬֪ʲô𣿡


ʮ ŮҪ
ַû˵ֻǻҡҡͷ
һĿЩ˸ʮĳҹ˯㣬ͻȻоЩʣҸ۵ʱ򣬽͸ڵ¹⣬ȴһλεĵڿңʧ֮£ŵĴУĻҲᵶˡ
ַһѾµʲôȴû˵ֻǾĵš
ֺҪܣʵǿûԣܿ㱻ƷˡյϢʱ򣬱ŭ֮ҵʱ¼ˣͲ֪ȥô죬ڵһʱҾͱŸʿ
Ϻޱ˵ţȻڵڶ죬ʵҵѶѵһ٣ֱڶնֶ񶾵С꣬һĺӣ뵽ȥôʵǰҲòȥţǸʱҲǰܶ಻׵顣
Ȼ뵱ʵۣҲǶ˴ɱǴ̼ңҧ̹Ȼ˻ʴݣһܣͰзҪãԣұ㿪ʼΪԺ·
ҲǸʱҼ˱ѧԺҲķȨңֹһʱ֮ȴ֣ÿηȨҵܰ࣬ǣҵһλ˸ʡ
ٴιһʱ䣬׸ִ֮ΪʴΪöܹңöΪ谭ǰİʯֻҪңֻʣһӣһһεĻʵۡ
֪ܲ˼ϷȨңҿԲϸܶԿֵܶҲû˾ȥֻǲߣȻͿ԰ȵĶڻλϼꡣ
ȻһֻȴûԶȥ˵ΪͲҵĻ˲֮⣬Ҳѡԣʼգ˸ƵȦֱʱ򣬶ûܰӰ
ַ翴ޱĵϣ̲סЩп֮һûԡ
Ϸ·Ҳ϶˵˵һΣֱӵԣһֱãȻ˻λҾҪΪʷɫĵһ֮꣬õ۹̤½ҵĵ۹֧ܵ͢䣡
һֱ׷ҡһΣַһ֣˲١
һ䣬ϳĬһͻȻ̾˿ĵַ磬µΪֹҲֻ˵
ͱտڲˡ
ַ׵ϵ˼һأ˵ʲôȴҡҡͷЦЦַУһ˿ӣַ磬һţʥȻǳ飬֮Ը˵ô࣬㣬Ҵû㵱ͨĳӿҵ˼𣿡
£ǿҡַ̾ϢһͷĿڵϣ󣬵̧ͷʱѾ¶һ˿ůЦݣҾãһֱҵһѡ
ûзϣ︡һů⣺һʥǾ޵ҡλȻʧȥĻᣬ¾һӣƾ츳Ҳûдﵽʥϣ
˵ϵǰδе֣أԡַ磬ܴӦһô
ַ粻ɵҲ˵
ϵ˸ƺЩãҼݱ֮ܰҼػҵĵ۹ô
仰Ȼһ󣬲־µζҪñȥҲֻ̫࣬ᵱǻʵ۵һԸϾﲻʥҲõӳڵϵַѾӵ޵
ַڶУȴִǸоǰĵƺѾʲô뵱Լƣͷĵһ˲ʧӰ٣ַ粻оЩ㱡
ǰ˫뵽֮ѲţַĵͻȻĪӿһѹĸоǣһ֣ͬضĿ˵£ģֻҪһһ죬Ȼȫά־ϡ

һ޴ɫʯ֮£վӰ
һˣȻĹ̻ʣֻǣµӰˣһƵϣƺһЩѪɫȨȵֻ¶ƣȴȻɿݵĽˮ֡
ģǹ͢гֻг˿ȴǵ߹ͷ­溬һ˴ĺһ㡣
ϡȺ߲ѽ͢ƽ˻̻ʲϵ֮زסһʧ
гϵθˣŴһ仰ǣ¡
ľ߻͢ʷ̻꣡ʷ·ǿ˲ĺӣȻϲûʲô飬ȴ̲סЩŭ⣺ǰȫ;˽͢
Ͻҧ´Դ͵ĸˡ
Ҹ߹㣬һҪ侲Ҫֻǰһ棬ĿҪųԶ̻Խ˵Խ˵ͻȻֹסˣ󳤳̾Ϣһ
һ̾Ϣž޴ʧһŨŨʧУˡҺò˶೤ʱͻˣڽ͢Ҳͺôˡ
û˵Žµ֮Уȴһ˿ʹࡣ
ʱ䲻ҪǺڰ͢ҪȥǸѩħǹ̻ʵָֻƽ֮У˵԰ʬ嶼ع鵽ĻѾǸˣͬʱ˵ҲκĦס㣬ȥɡ
ǣ¡ϵһ仰Եøأǣ׼뿪ȴͻȻһ飬ԥһ£˵˳£԰ʬ嶼ʧ飬ǡ
ˣֱ̻ӴֻҪרĵȴѣ飬ɱҲ

ͬһʱ̣ڰһλ͡
ĹڰȴҪԵɭ࣬ƺ޴ͷƤĹ꣬еĹ֮һʵʵ
ĳڰľĽһһŮԻ
޲أӦûĸۡȥסŮ൫ȴ䣬·𲻴κθ飺ʥ򹫾סѧԺͲ±ڱЦ𣿡
գ֪᲻㡣޲صƽ֮дһԣסڱѧԺҾܹˡ
֪ڲʺϾ档޲سΪյŮӣ֮ڴһ˿顣
֪һֱûд㣬ֻʱԶԶؿһۣҾͺ֪ˡ޲صȥ΢ЦİĻﻹᵽһᡣ
ڰУԼǺοأôȢŮˡ˵һ˶ûйӶ
ԭһֱҲעҡ޲ؾϲ֮дŨŨů
һΣȴûٳ
޲̾һϴμ棬֮ǰ
ҵʲô飿һڴָֻ˱֮С
޲سĬΧָһƬţƺֻ΢ĺŻȵȴ
ã޲̾һ˵ĸӣǵŮݡҪˡ


ʮһ ˮ
԰ʧʬȥ֮۶ָֻյƽУƺѾʱʹ࣬Դ½ֵ˵˼ʬǶعĻһϵ
֪˭ȷӦ˹Ӧøлѩħǹʱáֱ˵࣬Ҫ˵Ļ۶һңƽҲڱѹ¡
һ۵㣬һӾ͵õ˲˵ĸͣں֮ܶ£Ҳͱ˶ѩħǹĸл
һƬлȳ֮У۹ٷҲڵһʱ乫лѩħǹȻлõʵｱƣ˻ᣬѩħǼ岻ֵõһʿɹ۵ĽңҪǣǧǾųľҲ˺ϷַĿڴ
˵۹ٷı̬ǵĺȲ˲ͱøӼȲʵ˳ﵽʱ򣬹͢ͺڰ͢Ҳͬʱվʾ˶ѩħǹĸлֱѩħǹͺڰ̵ݡ
Ȼ̲ûκεʵȨȴκ˶һҫʷϣݵҲؼǣõ̵͢ˣһĶ˸Ĵ
ַͬʱ͢ݵĴ壬ȥǧʷҲһ
Ҳ˵ַͬʱ̵͢ݣ֪ļǧʷУͷһ
Ҳ͸ӼǿǶѩħǹĺȲִַﵽһǰδеĵزһ쵱УѾλҵĿۣԴˡ۹ͳ߱ʾ˳Ĭ
и͵ĵطȻзԣȻڴ󲿷˵ַΪĵ۶Ҳ˻Һ͢ϣ˱ʾܿѩħǹһıǵĻΪʲôû˵ֻ࣬ѩħǹ˵أ
ҪǣΪʲô˲֪࣬ƫƫѩħǹ֪ࣿ࣬ǴӺζ֪ģ
ʵϣһµʣҲ¼Ψһ©
ʵ˵ϣϣһε飬˵ûоĶַѾãһ©޷ⲹġ
޷ͣ
ѵҪ˵ԼѾͨˣߣθԼˣ
˵ȥǹΣҲθ̻ʣ
ԣһ©ҲΨһĵط
ͨǶһäĿһĳ۵õ˾󲿷˵ͬʣµһСˣҲäĿȥţäĿŴﵽʱҪ˳ԣǾͻ˵Ⱥ֮
ܲɵǣεǧ򲻸ãͲʱʾԣѩħǹﵽ֮ʣһ©ǼäĿ̬֮£ҲᱻΪһƣ
ֱͨҲ磡
ǣѩħǼ廹ûվʱǸɵͱһƬŭûȺĺ֮Уû೤ʱĹֱӾʧ
˵ǸùļһﱻһȺ÷ŭͷԵ˻ȭˣزſѩħǹϣѴ¶ΪΪЩΧù˲ûܵκδÿ˻õ˵۹һЩ͡
һЩʣ»վɵͱͣʱû˸ͷ񣬶©Ҳֻ֮ܲ
ʵϣɵѡʱ䣬Ҫµȳȥ֮վɣǵıҲôңɵǰȻûʲô飬ԲŻһҵ³
Ϊǵַ磬ȴѹ֪˳ԼҲ͸֪ԼѾΪһʬ塣
Ȼֹ۵ǣַȴ磬ӻʹ֮Լ˷֮У˲֪ʵ֪
Щʬ嵽ôʧٵģӡǸĹѨеˣʲôϵ
٣ĿǰΪֹϣַһ㶼ûͷȻѾˣȴѰ㲻ΪĲ࣬ҲӦΪһĸʬ
ıȴַ̲סЩᣬƺѾ飬ϸֲֻᣬķӦҲûв·޹ء
ַ統ȻΪˡѾع񻳱Ȼ˶û˵飬ַѾĵ˾ȻӦǾһҪֳŵ˵ڻûκͷҳġ
磬ȻûиĦ˹Ҳûпʲô飬ֻҪȥܻջַһֱŵ׼
һ飬иַͷ۵飬˵̽ʬʧԭ򻹿ʱһŵĻļ˲ŵ飬Ѿüˡ
ŽҪɫַ粻ص̾һֻʣʱ˰

һ磬̫ûʱĹԱͿʼæһġĿ˵һµĳԣԲӰķչΪεġĿʱԵģҲ˵һιؼԵġˮ
ˮɹǾ֤Ŀҵǰ;ʧܵĻҲʧ̫ࡣ
ڿǵɱͽ̶ܳȵ⣬ĸ߲ջǾĿҸһϵеУԱǿԸֱ۵ĽܣҲӶ˳ɱ
𱬵ϵУȻֱϵУңֱϵҲ۵һϵУ۷Χ㣬ǵĽ̶ܳҲߣǳγԵԭĿӵֱϵ½ǵλá
λò̫ע⣬Ҳ˺ԵΪ˵ǻԵСרĿɫȦһһӳĵһۻֱǵķУСרλ½ǵλòĿעͨҲԵ
ǡٶȸյֱСĽרӽȥԼŵʱֱϵоǰ˳ȥ
ʵϣֱݻûʲôӪΪƽʱֱͨǽķ۵ǰһ飬ֱӦ飬ؼǣΪ˴¼Ѿݣԣֱˮ־Ӷࡣ
ĸ߲ҲЩĽֱΪĻĴϰַ磬ڽҲ̲סЩġ
ҺãֱѾΪǵճϰߣܽյֱˮֳ㣬ַǵԵʣûܵʲôӰ죬ֻǽյֱ̫ԵʣúܶЩӦ
ڽӽʱ
ǹ˽ֱǣ̲ס½ǸСרǿҵĺģؼǣһСרں̵ܶʱڼΪ˽һ𱬵Ļ⣡


ʮ ʱġ١
ʵϣһµĿʲôµĻ⣬෴ĿһΪϵĻ⡣
ϵĻڼǧǰһֱڣûκθı䣬ȻһϵĻ⣬ȴҲһȻڵĻ⡣
⣬κʱ벻ġļ
ϵ۹ףµгɾ͵ˣ벻ļ飬۹ҪʿҲҪԼµۣ˻ҪļԼ˲š
۹ҪȻͻ˹ųȥļۺ˲ţҲȻרȥѡĵط˵ļϵͳչ˼ǧʱѳͲҳ죬ַ罫ϵͳ˵ֱ棬ð˺ܴķա
ǣַ緢֣ȻļϵͳѾ죬ȴȱ͸ԣеĻҲԸӣ
磬ַҪļһЩӵжĸߵҪȥгųȻȥһѡЩ⻰ǰӦƸ˲ţҲ˵⻰ķΧխ⻰ǰУҲкܶ಻Ҫġ
ӵжȴᣬֻᣬûȴƫƫò֮Ļˣ֮ҪгļҪ˲ţʵ̫ˣͨһʱ䣬Ҳؼϸ
۶ֲڹԼķѻȥʡĹԱڵһʱ佫⻰Ҫȥڶ̶ʱھܴʡĸ䣬ڻҵ̵ĵ۶˻Һ֮͢⣬˭ûȨ
ƫƫĵ۶ǳõ˲ĵطеϽĵ˶ۼ㲻ܽ۹ľӣΪ˽ҲҪĿ꣬Ͼ󲿷ֵĹүǣǶķ۶
ǣΪˣûǿҵ͸ԣܶõ˲Ŷ˴󲿷ֵĻᣬˡǧжֲСձ״ַµҵһ󽫰ףһܺõӡ
Ŀ˵ҵţȻÿӣǣмȥǼСƹݣ
ԣûַ֮ǰǴҵҲᱻھȻҲǿġ
ַҪģǰֱ׶Ǿܵ͸Եõǿ
ǣҲ֪Ҫı伸ǧĴͳѣ˻ᣬô֪
͸ڵ۶͵۶һЩܱߵĳѾáݣΪ۵ֱϵУ͸λ
ݵ۹˿ͳƵֺÿֱ۳ƽÿУһ˹ֱڵһֱյֱ۳ȥ۶͵۶ܱߵһЩһݣ
һֱ漣
Ҳ۸ѲϵϵҲֻһıŵϵֻǧһٰʮ߱һ䵭
Щݿ˵ֱϵеľ޴Ӱ
ԣַָ£ĸ߲ѡֱϵֲ棬͸ӰϣҪֲϵлǵһϵҪǿĶ࣬ͳļʽǲ֪ǿ˼ٱ
ǣҲͬðž޴ķգһֱȺԴ˲УǾζֱȵ»˵ÿֱļǮܵͣΪߵԵʣҲһʼΪɹ۵룬»ʧһǮС£ҪΪһ㣬ʧ˾޴ӰǶѩħǼµκβҵݺӵľ޴Ӱ죡
ҪǳɹˣѩħǼ岻ῪٳµļгͬʱҲ˶ø룬룬һεˮɹõ˼ΪЧԺĹҪļ͵˲ţȻҲԼ桱ȻǾΪ˰ͽԼҲȻԼһʿɹ۵롣
ڹǵϿɹ֮󣬺ܶ˲ŵʱ򣬱ȻҲѰҵԼԼҲ˳µȡһȵġѡ
չȥļҲԵһϵУΪЩҪõʶṩһ㡣Ժ˳ĻԶװ۲۵İȡͬȵĹѣ
ԣӹͳԶַ١һǽܣǽһʱı־
һΡˮݣַԼ飬յĲӵж˲ţǶù֮˲ţҪǣַȷָ˲һѡϣǽѩħǼ壬ᱻŵ֡ʡλϡ
ַ绹ļ޵ıǰӦƸˡ㹻ĻǺܾܿͻõְ֮ܶ


ʮ ˵۵Ľ
ļ˲ţ۷ʲôܿΪһըԵţͳķʽļյʱҲȻᴫ˵Ķ䡣
һʱƽ񼸺ûпԳͷĻᣬõĻᵱȻǱ߹ħʦУҪħʦУǾͱӵгΪħʦ츳Ҳ˵ħʦ츳˼٣еӵгΪħʦ츳ȴΪһӶûħʦʧȥ˳ΪħʦĻᡣ
ԣȻΪħʦһıλó·ֻƾյһɽͲʵ
һ·֮⣬ձľսʿĵ·ͻƵսʿˮ׼лᱻѡ۹֮У۹ٷϣҲᱻǿУһܰƽˡ
⼸ƽĴַһ󲿷˶ͨѧıһ֮伫Ϊӽֻܳɹı˵˵治࣬ܵ˵ҲһΪĻˡ
Ȼа
һǾ̣·ڹǵȴǼΪݣ½ˣڹǵҲǡͭļһҲȷʵһָı˵ķֻǣ̻ҵͷҲ˶еģԣһ·ǡ
ַûʵ۵ķͣõϮľλ˲ܸı䱰΢ĵλ
ֻҪǵõһϮӾľλ㲻ȥѾһЩҵ֮׬ǮǳԷص˰գѾ㹻ˣȻҪ衱Ļ˽ϣҪˮˣΪһЩ罻͡ԭ򣬻ܻԡ
Ȼλͷضɵ۹Ļʵ۱״ͣĿŵһֵʵ۵Ϊǣ籾ʤ̭ʵҲԸԼ׷ĹǸԵļһԣһЩĹ屻ԣ˶ƽʷҲ
ԵĹ壬ֻҪʱһûʵдɱƳʽʵۣʵҲᡪϾǹô۹ûб仯ĸܵĶ࣬ĸܵ٣ʵҲʲôʧ
ؼǣ۹Χ˽ıƶΪϸ񣬶һͨʿҲУǻʵĵߣ
˵мַþλҲ˵λĴСһƽϻʵһܣ˵ֿĻˣַ統ȻҲȫ˻λǿʵܣҪµϵҲһһϮӾѾܲˡ
ԣһ·ҲȳɹΪħʦļʻҪͣ
ʣµһ·ǰġļˡļļ֮Ĳͬ
ʵϣǹļ˽һϣҲֻƱȡ͹ϵһѣļԱȴֻͬҪɹϡλǴӴ֮ڹļˣؼǣҪ˽ǿĶ࣬ÿֻҪԼλϵ飬ģʲôòġ
ĳЩʱ򣬻һЩˮ
ֻѡιԱԼļңַκε̡ͻȻ𡱵Ĵ壬ӽںƽֱһ⣡
Ĵ󻷾Ҳ˸жȥоι֮Ϊ˭벻ԼƤ¾ȻôһĻᣡ
ַͨ͸ԼǿĴļʽһ¾ͽ±¶ǵ
ԣһֱϿļϢհĵ۶ʱֱ
̸ܶ۴µʱȴ̲סϧԼͲ֪ⷽʶֱޱļʵܶѡϧ̲֮סΪ̾Ϣ
ܶ˶ζʲôּëǵıᣬȻô׵ĳԼǰԼƫƫ޷ץסʵջмżȵơ
ǣв˲ŹǰᣬȻѹͲι֮ʱмƽȥ·˵ԼԼľ̸һڼȱ˵£Լû׼ܸѡأ
ԣһ˻Ǳ뷨
һȺʧǣӦƸĵطȴһصĿ鶼ûȥ
ֻܰ˶顣
ַ˵ԼļԱ⣿ļϸ˲ţҲԲУˣ޲ȥһЩˣȻԳԶķչЩҪһ֪ԷʲôķͰҪǿ
ڷųƸʱַͿǵ˶ȻǰԣΪ˴ļ˶عؿ
ЩҪļһٷ֮ʮ˵һأ
һصЩ⣬ַһġԡƶȣԵĵصѡ֮ĳΪľƹ֮Уһ򵥵ģѾΪӽַǰһԵĳ档
ͨԾҪԣǿٵĹǽһ޴Ŀ顣
Եȴܼ򵥣ǰԵֻҪش⣬֮ͨ󣬱ڶأ˰ٷ֮ʮˣȴ˵һ֮£
Ϊʷѧռ⣬ǽԵˣȻᱻʵ˭
󣬵Ե˻ش󣬿ֻʣ
˵ǰԵ˿ĻһҪĶȥʵͷˡ
һ⣬Եͨԥ˵Լ֣ڶ⣬ԵҲԥ˵ԼסֻǼ磬ڵ⣬ʵڸͲ֪ôش
ҪĶȥȻҪͨеĿ飬ѩħǹˣ
ɡⲻǷϻ
ΪǷϻˣûͨһصĿ飬ЩֱӻشҪѩħǹȥءˣҲٲͷĻֶ˳ȥ
ֻмһǰûſھʹ𣬶һ²شû¶ã񣬶֣صĳ˼Ƭ̺󣬲ſڽˣͨһصĿ顣
ʵϣַ֮ӳ⣬Ҫжٵ˼룬ڿһϿƼΪ򵥵飬᲻˼̺塣һԱҪ߱Ļʡ
Ȼ֪һѩħǹļԱĿ飬˲ʵĻش˵һ⣬ڵˡ⡱ϣûжӿǣֳ嶯͵ˣ߱һЩصרҵ֪ʶҲʺԱ
һȺˣʣµٲֻ֪˼ǲŸشˣȻһСеĴ󲿷ֻشⶼǡ嶯ɡشĽͬ˼ǵϰߣ;Ǿ߱ΪԱĻʡ
һСлм⻹˵Ļش
Ҳ⼸˻شʲôڳ˵˼άʽԳƵˣ
һȺǲ߱κεרҵ֪ʶҲǿģ֪ʶѧģԸ˼άʽȴǺѧ
һ˵ı֮
ʵַһֱԴֻһӵĺ棬ǰߵĳֻ࣬ߵĻش𣬶ڳĿһˣʵ϶ַֻºͨ˸ʳ⣬ַ߻ش֮󣬾ͻʾ⣬Ƿͨء
Щ嶯ɵߣַٵİǲͷĻӻ֣Ǻһͨˣַǵͷ
ȻǰԵֿܶ࣬ٵģʽ֮£Чʻǲַֻôһֱһ죬ȴԴԴϵ߷ӵ
û취ԼżҲܼһʱѾɫַ˰֣˽쵽Ϊֹһټʼ
ͨһᣬַͷֲԹĺôȻһˮͻޱȣ𱬵ĸԭΪļʣͬҲڲ˵ֲԹȡ˵̸ϷУٻܽܵˣӰҲǴͳļʽȵġ
˵ֻʱĵ·˵ǳɹģҲ˵ĵ·ǿԼȥġ
ʱһСͨڶؿˣҲӦòμ˵ڶء
ڶһزͬڶȻҲλٽԣλٿɶַ޲ؽרҵʿҲǿߵרҵ֪ʶǸÿ߽ۺ϶λ
רҵĽǶжȺ﾿жʺ·ѡʺϵ˲ź˵ֲͬӶֻóĲͬ
һڱһؿҪѲʱ䣬ҺͨһصǺܶ࣬ڵʱλרҵæǵ
У̭һˣ⻹û꣬˵ڶ֮еأأΪ򵥵һأȴҲΪϸһأһزǿκĹؿǺ˶ߵݣ
һأһʮ٣ʮ٣ȴǵ۹ʵ۵Эַģʮ˶߱ŷḻ뷴ľ飬ó߼㣬ԭַʮﻹЩģһó߼ĵضַĶ䣬ʹ԰ʬʧٵĻַ֮ʮ˵ʵ
ַֻԸʮһ仰ݱøɾ
ϾֱͨԼļв֮ʿϢѾ͸˸ȥַ絹ҲģĵбĹʹ
Ȼڱ϶ͽԼƺҲûʲôìܳͻйĹϵȴΪӣԶĲ˵ԼӰƳܱ߲Ʒַ˲ٹ档
һ㣬ַ绹׵ġ
ң㲻ȥˣǷ֮ҲޣϾЩַҪȥԺҪΪԼ£Լƹ˰յҪȨɲһЩ˲Լڲߡ
ԣһҪ
ȷû֮ͨһص˽ĹأҲһصĿ顣
ߵʣµ˿Զ˵ѡһ˲ţڿݣԷӦ̬ȺͿѹ漴ӦȵԵĵط
һأλ٣λҲַ޲רҵԱΪҵõ˲ţַʱ򻹻һϵʱóһΰλ٣⼸Ϊ㣬ʣµһˡ
ʵϣַšѧ飬Ϊ˵һѧܴģԣһļûпйκѧַӵ
ţߵڣֻҪͨһصˣʹûκιι֮ľصѧҲż츳ġ
һ仰˵ԵĿԼǿ
˲ţڳԶΪʺϲˡ
룬ѡЩҪͨǿϲ٣⣬ҲһԱΪҪĻʡ
ֻĹȻһʱܽģæһַҲûоˣӵһؽ֮ͻص˸֮ۡУֽͣаǰȥ׼ǰȥμϯһЩС֮Ʒһֱ浽ҹҲûеȵĹؽϢ
ںԺַ粻ɵ̾һϸԼҪ
ʵѩħǹľλ˽Ȼǵ۹ĵһˣӽһС;ŵȫ̤ƽκι壡ؼǣλõУԣ룬ڶʱڣַ绹ǵ͵һĺá
ҪǣַڵķľλȴȫһʡȻƺܴ󣬵ֻķ൱ѣѩħǹı׼ķҲӦٴһ
ˣҲǻַ˲ŽŵѹһʡҲҪʮҵеͼٲǿڷ涼ҪϵĻҲҪˣ
ڣֻҪаʮҵˣ㹻Ӧһˣְַ֮ܶȻڹ޵ᵽֻǸͷѣҵʵ˲ţҲҽλͷųȥ٣Ҫųֵ˽֮ſ
ʮˡӦòѰɣ
ַĵ׸ȷ
ڣڽӽ賿ʱ䣬Ĺڽڵһʱ䣬ַҲյͨտֻǣȴַ粻ɵøоջһһɵ۵ĸоļȻ
һͨտĲšˣǲˣأ
ַ׼ȷϢ֮󣬴ðĵһ仰


ʮ Ҫ
ҹҹԵø㣬һ޴ĺɫƥס񷣬ʱǹ⣬ƺڸǣɫƥ֮һƬεա
ַ粢ûʹħƣ֮һƬڰվڴǰ쿴񷣬¹ϣϡܿһ˿ǳϡ
ҹֻһϣ֮еǸöðãַ̾һ
㻹Ϊ԰鵣𣿡ڰУһǹĵһ΢ַ簫ͷӰӺڰн߳ߵַߣͷճյĿ
ַ罫Ŀջأתͷɫ߾ӣ΢΢˿ݣʵ̫ˣºҵһϣ԰һǧŰٶʮĹѨ뿪԰ҵ԰ǰһСʱʱ䣬ǧʬȻô̵ʱȫʧˣܲأ
ɽһ˿̣һ£̲ס˵Щʬûκιϵֺαҷأ
ҴӦҪһĸ塣ַҡҡͷĿٴηڿУ̾ϢһҡǸĹѨٶеϵ
ǣûǾʬ壬ҲⲻеʬһʧѽݵĿһɵǡ
ַٴҡҡͷһ˿⣬ϴżأݣ㲻֪ȥʱ򣬷ǾʬĹѨϣȻӡңӡĽǶȺͷλȷӡγɵġ
˵Դһ˿֣Ǿʬ塭ǻģ
Ӧǰɣ
ַ粻ȷ̾˿Ͼĵ·ֹһ˵֮ǰǽһ״̬űΪѾ԰ڵġǣҪĻǻһ˵ȥǸ԰ȫƽҲ²ѵô
˵һ䣬ַߵİûжɵʶһۣǣһͿ˼ʲôʵôˣ
ôһ˵Һ뵽һԡ
ݵͷ˼һ£ŵǰΪڱǿʦ䣬ʼĸףҲиҵģ׽⹫෽Ϊ˻ռʦϣҲûҵĸǸǿʦںҵƽ֮Ҳû׷ˡ
ҺЩϣһʦܵݣ˵Ǻϡ
˵΢΢üͷƺЩֹ
ʦȡ˵ľ𣿡ַʱɻѵбʲô
ҲǡҡҡͷʦӦþһְɡǸϵʦﵽʥ֮ʽʥ֮ǰһ㶼ͬ
ʥ֮󣿡ַЩ㵣ѵǽ״̬ô
Ҽǵ˵ʦﵽʥ֮Ҫֻܽһ״̬״̬£ȫӲ˸ʱһȻڵˮֻʧɸʬ̬
˵΢һ£̧ͷַ磺ǣʬ̬һʱֻлտеˮֱָ֣ԭ״̬Żѡûй̶ʱޣʦҲܿƳ೤ʱ䣬ֻ֮Լǵһһ˶ʱ䣬ҡʽΣգΪʦҪʱ˹ݻʦ壬Ҳˡ
ѵһͨ˶ܻٵʥʦ𣿡
갲ݵĽַʳеĵһʣͬʱҲһɻȴصĸо
ƵǡʦķʽľǼΪǺϣΪľҲڴٴθֻľԶḴʦȴջһѡ
صǣ˵ʦڴﵽʥ֮ʽ
ȣڴ½ϣʦһٵȺַҲˣֻܿλʦķʽҪĹϵ֮ǰʦѾ˵ʦеĶǿˣ
ʦľ磬ҪҲҪ߰˼ħʦľһżǾֻհ˼ħʦľˣ
Ҫǣ˼ħʦҲǰ۴ħʦƬ½ϵͼ٣ңħʦͨۼħħʦֿ˵ʦĿǣ͸żʦϵѡ
ַһֱΪʦżˮ׼Ѿ˵ǼˣϾҪͻʥɲ˶ġ
еħʦУҲֻʥͻƵʥսʿͻƵʥǿȻһЩҲսʿֱӵĹϵ
ʦأ಻ˣķּΪַ̣һΪڷĩչʱ֮󣬴½ϸͲٳʥʦˣ
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㰲ݿЩԴǰĻ٣죬˵ʦռģʱżʦļ޵ĻôʦҲûҪȥѾѰʥ֮ķΪǶ˵ǲܵģ
ʦҪȥѾѰʥ֮ǰݵ⹫ҲղϾɽ仰ûдģʦȥѾѰңǰݵ⹫˿¾ǻ˾Ҳ򲻶ʥʦĻں͸ݺҵ
Ҫǣ˵ʦʥ֮һʬɵž˵ķϣ
ַ֪һʥ֮ʹĵõӳ߿˵ǡ³´лøӻҲʹòϺȷʥǿߵ䣬Ǹʬ壬òԵҲᡣ
ؼǣʥʦĻΪʲô԰֮Ҳ͵õ˺ܺõĽͣΪʲôָҲõ˽ͣ
ϾĹѨ˵һȫĵطˣͨû˻ȥݻĹѨȱ£ңӴ԰֮У͸ӲţҲĹѨⱻٻ˵ԼԼؽĹѨʥ֮ʵһİ취Ȼܶġ
ǣ״̬ʥʦѵûκηҪǣһͨ˶ܴݻû£Կ϶ǸԼ衱ʬ壬һʥʦ
ԣַŻдһʡϾʥǿ߿ɲһˣͨսʿħʦܻٻʥʦе壬ҲûҪĹѨ
ַ仰󣬵ҡҡͷҾǲ֪ˣҼǵдţʥʦڽ״̬֮÷ǳ룬ֻҪӵдսʿʵӦǿԻٻġ
һ䣬ַĬȷĹѨеǸ˿ľʥʦˣֻǳĬһͺȻһ飬æʵݡǸĸʦ¾ʥʵɣ룬ʦʵʥ֮£ǵڰ̻ʿҲֻѹƵİ취ˡ
ӦǰɣҲݳ̾һ
ַڶУɵҲ̾Ϣһֻǣ̾Ϣ֮ϧζΪŨ񣺡ϧһĺûᡣ
Կ϶ĹѨǸ˵ʥʦҲȻǸݵĸʥʦϾʱһʥʦѾΪˣֵڶʥʦǲܵ飡
ʥʦ״̬£ǸBUGĴڣʥħʦ֮ܿ⣬ûУϼʥսʿĻǡֱַȥˡ
ҪǣַĵһֱһǣǾǵ밲ݽ֮ºӣԼӵڻ᲻ǸءȻǸҲܴһĺôַǸо
ַĻͻȻߵģͷȥҲʵҲûϵֻҪȥǵĺӣò˺ܳʱ䣬òٴųª
˵仰ͬʱ¶һ˿۵΢Цַ缸ۣĺҹ£ŵ¹䣬УһɼΪϢ
ļһʱĿתַһϴɢ㣬˲͸оС͵شһɻȣ̾нݱһӵȥĳ嶯
ͷմַ̾һס㻹ûиһʽݣ
ʵ˵ַʵһΪͳˣһʱȻûнܴһԭΪӰ죬Ǹб˲ռɵĻУŮԵĹԽԽţĵ׵ǲϾͱѹ
磬ûȦӣֻΪȵӰ죬ĵ׵Ƿݴͳָԣûиһʽ֮ǰԸô׵Ҫ˰ݡ
뷨һͷʱȻĻȽȥǣַ⽫Ŀתش⣬˿һ죬ҲﵽʥһҴﵽʥͲηʥʦֻǣ֪԰ʧٵʬʥʦʲôϵ
ַŤͷȥ⣬ݵĿ֮һ˿ʧ䣬ַ仰ʱ̧ͷֱˮЩȷǸ˵ݾѾӽܶಽˣϾʥѽǸҲԸ٣ﵽʥ֮ǰЩһôҲûѽţδ϶ΪҵĸŹǵġ
ţˡַ֪ǵԼ̫ǣԣҲϵĴӦ
ңȷԼĿǰʵԸַ֮Ҳ֪ʱûпǵıҪˡ
˵һ䣬ַԳЦЦ¾ҵʥ֮ʥʦҲ
һҵġݼᶨַ磬һֻСץסַ֡
ַо޹ǵϴĹȴȥĻȴٶΪ˱ԼΣһ飬ܶķ鰡磬ڣҪʮҲǿϵͳȻеˣң˾Ȼûκεľ飬ֻԱǱˣ
˵£ַ̲סһ䣺Ǽ
仰һ˿ӵ󣬻˵żѽǵһ죬ȻֱٶȺܿ죬кܶûڵһʱ䷴Ӧң۶Χĺܶʱ²ŸտϢţʱͨйؿˣһǸСĿ
ЩڵһʱûзӦˣҶǸûʲôʶûУ˵Щ˸Ͳʺһ·ңԥͨûеı֣ҲҪҹҵʡ
ַ֮Դʧ˵̲סҰοҵϣֻЩûϺŵˣЩڵ۶ΧﻹûüϹϣϣڽڣܴʡǿɣЩ顭Ǻ޾飬һǱͽȵƣܻƳġ
ַ磬ͻȻ¶˳ɵɫ֮жһĪĶܡ
ַڶУоΪŤʵϣݵͻȻ־оЩ⣬ҪǣĿǰݵΪַеЩİӡǸ͵ˣ˵£ȫƾԼʵ뷨
ȻʱΪŮԶеǷ֣ĳЩϵʱԵòôַԿ϶ǣݾһŮ
ǽˮÿ仰վַĽǶϣַᵽһ֡ƽ⡱ĸоȻַƽŮ˸еůģϤİݣ
ַֻʱûҵʵ㣬ʱЩԥȻɻ󣬵ϻûбֳɻʲô
㻹ļĻҧҧҾ취ø͸һЩˡ׵ҲòôˣңʡܽʱֱӴŵȥҲ˷Ѳ˶೤ʱ䣬ҪǣЩó


ʮ 
һ仰˵ĸɴ࣬Ҳһɼᶨĸоǰ˼˲ֹһεԭȥַᵽƺָֻһ㡰ԡ
һ⣬ַѾõ⣬ʱٶЩӱܣȻҲ֪Ϊã̲ס˵һ䣺ʱ˵ɣҪûа취ҲֻԺȥһЩˡ
ǿˡ衱֣ûнܰݻеġ͡һϣȻһֱûйߣеĵߡ
ңΪĵߣ˵仰ʱ򣬶ٶһ̾Ϣĸоȥھ֮Ļһĸо
ַô˵пһַһֱжһԱȻʵѾԳƵǵһˣλ˻ҲѾﵽ۷壬ħʦ֮УҲѾϡٶָ߹İУһЩìܵˡ
ҲַìܣðݸоһԷѾ㣬ȴһ۵ĵط
ڣôݶַĸ鲢ûԭ䵭ԽŨ
ǣ뵽ַôԺ󻹻бŮˡݵ˲ӿһĸо
ַ翴Լģԣһû˵ǿѹסĸо¶
ĵԱͨҲǼΪеˣȻԱһŸֱĴеʱֱȴܸ˴޵Ķ񵤵ϣ˵ĵףҪôͲҪôã
ԣܶ飬ַϲΪһǿҵԱų˵θС
ҲԣŻ˽쿴ȥڹϵĵ۹ʵۡϡ
ʵϣԱǷȱľһֻ̨ҪƵͶ·ֳ̨ͨľֻҪôڽܲ˵״һͿأҪôͱȳ˸ӳɫ
ȻǺһˣַȻҲȥǰһˣԸ֮гԱ֮⣬һֲԸľǿ
һε鵽ʵûа취֮£ַѡԼеĵЭǶ˵ǵڶеһش
ˣַһֱЩرܡҲΪ˽ַ磬֮ǰŻЩԥջ̲ס˵˳ΪֻԼΪַ⡣

һ̣ЩΣĺҹҲԵЩĬ
ǷԱַо˰ݵ쳣ĵ̲סһæŤͷʵݣôˣ
¹⣬ĿǹǿѹƵֻǣŤͷһ˲䣬ҲǹѾݳѹȥ
ûѽַЦЦֻǣЦݿٶԵЩ԰ס
ŰԴǿջЦַ֪Ҳڿر飬ĵ̾Ϣһȴ¶һǿ΢Цǻǲ̸ˡ
š΢΢˵ͷ
ǣĵ׶ڼɻһߣ˭Ҳ봥Ȼ˵ĶﶼĻˣ˾Ȼ֪˵Щʲôһʱ䣬ȻҲʺϵĻ⡣

ںڰٴγĬһַɤӣ֮ǰաٴ˵ʵЩ֮⣬һһķգհҵʱȴΪֹҲûκͷ
ʲôѽݼʶ˵仰
ַ̾˿ʵҲ֪
˵ţӿռָͳһСذףȻһֻ첲ȰݷӦʱ򣬱Сذ׺ݺݵԼֱ۴һ¡
漴ѪʱӿַҲͬʱСذӻ˿ռָ
ɫַĸ첲ȥЩ԰ףǹѪҺȴԵøޡ
ʲôַĶ̫죬ð̲סͺһ
ǣյͺַ⣬ַֻĨȥֱϵѪݿؿһձ˿ڣۿɼٶ
һСС˿ڣֻڼ֮䣬ͳϣһ˿̺۶û£
ַضԼĸ첲һҲ֪ÿ֮ҵ˿ھͻԼٶϣͲ°̺ۣǣҲоʹʹʱ䲢˿꣬ϵĹ֮Уʹʧ
һ˵ţһ߿ݣջֱۣ㻹ǵǼԭһ𣿡
Ȼǵһ仰ѯʵ
ַ絭̾һһѪ֮ǰǶħ޴Χסʱʵ˺صˡ
˵ָָԼļ򣺡ʱﱻ֩һȳ׹ᴩɱ֩ʱѪҺҲܿ˳Źᴩ˿ҵڡ
ݵʱħްΧסϾ˼ַ磬ҪǴ˿ַ˵ɱ֩ĻͲ֪飬ȻȻҲ֪֩ĵȼͶԣʶĸͺȴʶڸûеͺıҪˣЩ㵵һ䣺ǣʱһ¶ûѽ
ǰ֩ĶҺʱųĻԻڶ̶̰Сʱ֮ڶɵʱ֮ǾѪߣҸûųҺĻᣬңڵʱƣһ¾Ͱˡ
ַĿŨŨɻ󣺡Ҳûһ£ᴩ˿ҲҹңҲûиоκβʡ
˵ţ̲ס̾˿ԣһֱ֣ҵΪʲôʲô˿ڶܿٻָ£ʥǿ߶ûǿĹܰɣǰٶ֡ǹˡǺǣʱ򶼻ԼǲǱһֱֻۻٳһ
һ䣬ַЩЦԳҲ󣬶ڡˡǰѧԺĵʱַѡ顷Ĺ½
ݴ˿ȻûκЦ㣬ԵˡˡŹֵĴ̲ס̽ԵʵҪʱʱø״ȥҽ̻ʱ¿һɣ²ѧţ˵һ¾ҳԭء
ڰ̻ʣѧţ
ַһ̲ЩĶڰ̻ʿǻһϹŶˣʶȻԼȥһˣ˵ҳԭ
ǣиһͷ̲סЩɻ˵̻ʺͰִʦڰ̻ҪĶ࣬λͶѾû˼Ҫﵽ޵ĵزǺڰ̻Ӧˣ
ڵĺڰ̻ʡ
뵽ַԽֱ̾һڰ̻ʣ顣
ֹһ̣ȴһ¾ͱȫƷ
ڰ̻ʹԼʲô£ԼαҪȥأ

ң֪ǲʵôԵʣַ羹Щܻᱻع⣬ΪҪǣְٶ֡ٻָŵַγһԺУ˺ܵһʵԭ
ֵĿӵ֮һˡ
ԣڳĬƬ֮ϾܾˡݣϣҵܳҺ֮⣬е֪
ѵ㲻ʵԭ𣿡ַָԼɵøеһ𣬵̲סһ䡣
ַһǵģЩ飬ԸΪһԶҲñ֪
ʵϣַ⻰Ѿ˵ĺܿˣܿ˵һ޴ƣڶԵ״̬£ǶԷۺʵԼǿϾҲˣֻҪ˼ʹǿҲ಻㡣
ԼӵƣսĹƵõϣҲ¶Թռ˼ıˣҪǶ֪Լܣǰ׼ԼһԼʧѪķʽֻҵʲôƽİ취Լƾͳ׵Ȼ޴ˡ
ϾŵùݣŲڰ̻ʣȻΪ޲صԭҲǺڰ͢ˣĸƤ˽ڰ̻ʣҲȻͲڰ̻˵ԼôһҪܣ
ַô˵̾ϢһȻַ̫ҲȥԼ뷨ǿӸַ磬ԣֻ΢΢˵ͷðɡ
ַ֪ݶΪԼ룬оԼܾĴ̫̲࣬ס˵һ䣺ݣǱǸ
˵䣬Ȱݿڣɴֱתƻ⣬˵ڷյ飺㻹ûҽΪʲô͵͵أ
ԭ˼ڸղŵĻϣȻһַתƵ⡱ϣʱ͵һ¡
û˵ǾôϸϸַһַŹֵʱ򣬲ŴԼԴȻûлشַ⣬һֻһ߽Լ·ϵ¿ۣһߵַ硭ҪҰɡ
ݵһ仰֮ͬǰκȥȴŴӶеɬһ˼γɵľ޴
Ϊ߻谵ַһʼûע⵽ݿ½Ķ仰һʱҲû룬ʶ˵һ䣺ʲôҪ㣿
˵һ䣬عҲע⵽˰ݵĶһ̵ʱ䣬ݾѾ⿪Ŧۣ¶µ磬Ǹ㷢µİ۲֣ҪǣһСǶڸǲסɽ塣
ΪһˣһղżʮG鶯ƬӵˣַʶľͳɽϿ˹ȥʱûζŮԵɽ嶼Ȼ´״̬
ΪһŮԸͦزˣַŮ˲еЩʧȻܶŮƯҲܺãһȻ´ķ˫壬ȴַоЩŤʮֹ꣬ûС
ȴͬΪûоκˡԵʣ˫履ͦΣֲʧ̫ԵʣССĶǶĺܽĳһҲһãȥΪȻˡ
ҪǣݵĶǶ֮±Ȼûʲô֮ĶССͷ͹Ȼ¹ⰵַ翴˸
ĺҹûдħƣһһŮһңձһ⿪Ŧ۵ΪҲһɵ㣬ʱԭͲķһջ
ַΪˣǴУɶɷʢͣôйκйΪʱҪûһоǾ̫˵ȥˣ
ʵҲˣһ˲䣬ַʱͲ˷Ӧͬڸղ¸ĻȣһֱӾǵ֮УȻ󡭡еķӦҲһ˳
˵ľ뱾ͺַܽһзӦߵİݶʱоһȻûκԾ飬٣ҲַӦζʲôԣʱݵϾͨһƬһֱ쵽˲Ӹϡ
ߺ죬ȴһµջ󣬼գַһִһĳ嶯
ɳ嶯ȻǿңȴûַʧȥǣݵǾ仰Щͷԣ͸㲻װΪʲô׵ľ˵һ仰ϰ֮ǰЩġԸ񡱣ʱַĵһĪĹŹ֡
ǿɳ嶯һ밲һ룬֣صĿζ˵ݡ㵽ôˣǲǳʲô飿
ûѽ
Ȼ˵仰Դȴ͵ĸˣϵĶûмµŦѾȫ⿪¶ڿеİۼʺɫĶǶγĶԱȣַǹɳ嶯ɵøǿңоַˣԼǰһ
Ϊȴַоӷ޴ջǰַŬȶԼǿݣң׷ʲô飿ûҪģ
ı˺ܴȴַܵξܾһ֮ġ䡱Ůôܵأ
ǣСŭˣһ̣ƺǻַָϤıԣŭĺ˳˼ҶѾˣ㵽׻ǲѽ


ʮ ֻһ
ݵ飬һ仰ǽߵζлһŨŨίҼŵŭ⣬ĺҹﴫȥ̲ס
ԭǿ侲ַ磬һ仰󣬵ʱŭˡ
Ϊ⡢С椼ֱ̫ˣȻԼˣ
Ҫ˵ʲôŭ˵ĻĪڵһŮվǰ½ﻹ㲻ֱֻ˵ܵʱţÿһжӿһǿҵŭ𣡣
¶⣬վǰ½Ƿֻ绨ļƷţÿ˻涼Ը⵱һˣžžžʱﲻסŻ³
ȻַûôŻĶ󣬶һ෴ݼֱӵǵգҪǣиĶ󣬲ǵô򵥡
ԣһַ̣ͻˣԼǸǹȰѰݾ͵̸飬ԳϨǰСŰĻ档
ǣǸ֮ôȻַ֮ûȥˣһûжٹϵŮӣʱַԻԥĶǹǰȥ
ǣݲİˣǧ˿ƵĹϵؼǣַбݼаȼյ㣬޲һѽϴʱԺͻȻ𵱳ڼԭʱһĻǵĻ档
һΪԼסЦŮԸΪԼηǸڼϺȥ£ֲöֻΪԼٻӰļ䣬йĵ̰һ˲Ժһʰ
һ˲䣬ַвɵһͷƺĴһֱôһڸݿ϶ʲôΣȲҪԼԼʱˣҪĻôԼȻһӣ
ͬʱҲڸݽһϵзıʱҪǰǡ㡱һԸ
ԼİʱҪӦ侲֮Իôԭ򣬶Ǳͷԣ
Ȱһʵ뷨ġˡԼΪôһ伤ĻԴһǰȥǲĲˣ
֮ԱҰ޸ߵ֮Եĵطǣ
ԣﵽʱַ˺üǿԼ侲ͬʱһ¾ץס˰ݵ˫ֹۣͣ⿪һ㱡µĶԼ߷ڰݵϣ
ݣšʲô˵ַʽʲôԶܵϣһ԰ɷ򣬶һֻ֪°˼Ұޣ
һλϿҶᶨȻ˵Ӱĸˣַĸоǰıˣһ뿪˴ӵķΧʧȥ¹䣬һǿҵӾԵʣǹаѾƽһЩֻǣϴȴҲˣԴԴĵķߡ
ݺһ仰ʱѾĪġǽӽ͸֧ȴ벻⵽ַľܾ
ûȥַ˵ĻоֻʣһʣѵԭԼǰôûԼˡȴ޶ԣ

һ˲䣬ݵļʱӿŨŨίôٰȫΪһԼ
ǣŨŨί̼ȫת˳صķŭɷŭĴ֮£ȫһ˲両ϰɫ˵һ¾ѿַ˫ۣһߴæϵϸսŦۣһ߳ſڵķȥ
ַԭֻǵֹݼȥĶ벻ȻԼҲû϶ϰһ˲ûлᷴӦݶ˵̬ҲַΣǿ
һ̣˲ٴץס˰ݵһֻ󣬶ץסһɲǣĵλøоһαĸоΣͬʱһɴ㵣ʶʵ㡭ôˣ
ȻΧĹ߼ַ粢ܿϵı飬Ѷȥһ˲䣬ַҲϵŦ۵ĶֻϵŦ۵ʱλòŻӽգܲȥ뷿ˮˮΡ
ϰݽ˵뵽Լλϵˮ
ֻǣȴ㲻Ϊʲô
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Ъ˹дŵĿǻַ֤Ĳ²׼ȷַٴץסʶı˶ѿַйһξͲʧڶΣһ˲䣬ַҲһͬ˶
ַ綷ĵȼȰҪףִԵԣһ£ݲûгɹٴѣΪ΢һ˲ͶãӦʱʶԼ޷ѣֻٴδһ䣺ſң
ݵһ仰һִ˲٣ַ䷿ֲʲôƸģʱֱӴ˳ȥĺҹΪԶ
ȻַĸۡϲûסˣȻʱҲϢˣǣȴһҹѲ
ͬʱѲַ緿һƬ˰һһ˵ικĸһˣҸҿ϶Ǵӹ˵ķﴫģ
Ҹ㰡ɱϹ˵ЩǾҲװûĺáһԵЩ
ǰһ˵֪ҾǺ棬Ǽҹ˿ɲϲҹϷŮ˵˰Ҳ֪ڴ˷ǸСѾôˡٺ٣
˵Ѿ
УôʶأһʱͼΪм⸱ûϢӣݵʱϽƹһŮййȥɣ
ȥ˵ˣֻеѡǰһۣһԱ¶ģ˵ٺ٣Һڴ֮󣬰˵ǻʲôӦ
쵰һʱŭһ䣺ѵ˽۴˽µЩŮǵƨɿɶˣôһ𡭡
˵䣬һ̩Ҿ㰡Ҫڵڽ飬ͻ˾ٱ㣡ʡĵȫۣԣð
֪ˣ˰ɣ
̩һνӺߺһֱֱͬţҲֵ֪ø̩ȥֻþʹա
ȴûз֣ھ˲ԶһڰѾһ˽Ļȫ˶УֻǣƺûĴ㣬ôվںڰעżȵҹ
ǣַʵϸͲڵϷʲôŮӣһŮΪַ磬ЩȥĻֻʧܺӦˡ
Ϻܶ͸洫ԾģΪ˵ַͰݣͲѾñĿǰҲû˼ˡ
ַȻΪʲôֹķӦۿݱԵĻᣬڶ仰ͬʱԸɴһѽ§˻ǿеɻ󣬵
ݣܶʱҿܷӦȽϳٶۣڵһʱ˼һֱ㣬ǰΪƽݣҲҽҵİں˸ҽİʱ
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һ£֪Ϊҵľҵͼϣܵ䣬һҪңҶİʼնû˿ı䣬ǣҲ֪Ұˣ壬ңҲáֵûĵһҹ㻹ûһֵĽ졣
ͬʱҲϣĵʲô뷨ܺޱ˵£ԺǷޣδ·ܳҪǹͬȥӪ໥֣֮䲻Ӧôκμҵ˼㶮𣿡
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ڰ˵ڹȥʱ֮Уַ˵һЩ۵ĻҰ㡱һ仰˵ĴҲ࣬죬ӡַ˵һλҲַΪֹһ⡣
ܶ飬˵Ķ˾ûϵζ磬Ұ㡱仰һ˵ĶˣǱǷڿҪˮһȻκθоθ֮Ҳˣϵ˵һڶǵ飬¶ţҪ˵Ķˣʵȴֲô£ǾͱƭĻԡ
ַһηθ֮˽֮еͷһΣַϵȻΪߺڰ⣬ݿַı飬һ̣ݷ·𿴵ַϵǹ飬ַһλҲѾ
Ҳһ̣оԼͻȻ侲˲٣ǣԼ˵һݵٴַӿ̲סЩ˵ô㣬ôᣬδ׷ŮֻԽԽ࡭
ڣֻҪμһᣬ϶ϲٰĽŮӣֻҪԸ⣬ʱǷϵң֪ôˣһӿ϶ֻһŮˡ
˵ݶһ£Щ̾ϢЩίЩɬ˵һ仰ֻһ仰ֻǡֻܰѵһҡҾѾ֪ˡ
Ȼݵ󣬵ôľ֮£ַ绹һ˰ݽΪλἫΪԭΪʧȥһֱİȫС
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ŵͬʱҲһӱ˰ݣ˵ɵϡҪȥЩ׷ҵŮһǵõѧԺʱ㲢ûΪҵңҲû˶ѡ׷ߣ㵱˶ңôĸء
ǡݸоַ⻰Щ˵ͨʱͷˣŮˣŮֻ˵ĸƷһأҡҲŮӣһϸӵ׸ʲôҡֻһ˼սʿʵ
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ַ̲סԼĸףǰ磬ŮһλûУܶŮ˵ĵλһЩСС磬ΪһȵĹԾŪܶŮˣòŸһϵݣ
뵽˴ϰݵĻַ̲סһᣬʹһΪ֣صݣҲôģ٣ӡһֱʥַģһҲͬ׷һ
ϣҵһֱҵϣһĵʱ⣬һ߹ʹ£ϵĶ߲˵ʱܾһ𣬹ͬǵĹ䡣
ңҰˣҲ˵飬㶮ӣһϸӵ׸ʲôûκιϵϾЩԺѧϰ䡣
Ҫǣҵ˼УŮƽȵģȻ˶ѡ˶ԷǾҪԶԷ𵽵ףҿһֺܲΪԣĺ㡭
˵˴ַһ£Ϊϵ˵ҡֻһ


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һ仰ַǰǸ磬һر׵Ļ˼ˣٻ仰棬Ϊ˭Ҳұ֤Ǹ磬һֻᰮһˣǣ˵ȦСû족Ļᡣ
˾һӲ˵һ䡰Ұ㡱˵һ䡰ֻһҲ෴˵ֻһĺܶˣȴն
ȻҲһЩŵԣԲǴ󲿷ˡ
ǣ磬Ůûκελǳ磬һŵԾ˶
ҪǣŮΪλ͹⣬ʶһ㶼ǳʱ򣬡ֻһĲŮ˵ӵ
ȻҲ⣬룬ûнӴȦΪʱųªߵԵʣͲΪڣժߵ꣬һѾȫַϣԸ֮ԣڣһ
һ̣ݸоԼĶУ԰ΣԼĸһֻԼĸһʵӵӰ죬˲ַĻ
ǰڰӵԼ˵ĻƺŴδйůֻе纣һϯôĸô飬ڵõ˻ر
Ѿ˲֮ĻԼǰİվĿĻӵˣҲΪԼһҫ۵䡣
Ҳһ̣ݸоԼҸˣܶһӵжλʵˣܲҸأ
ԣַ绰֮󣬳ĬƬ̣ҲԼ˫۽§סַʣļίڴ˿ҲˮȪһӿ
ҹķУŮݲԼ޵̫һԼ޵̫˾ͻʧ֮ԼֻᷢһεĴпѡ
ַоݵĶŵһǰݵһεԼʹԭټǿԸӲŮˣҲһ档
һݷӿֻǣ̫̫˻ᾪ滨˶
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ʱţݵĳСȥûɿ˫ۣô§ַ磬Դַļϣߵַ磬ȻҺռ㣬Ҳ֪δһŮˣҲռ㣬ֻĵһŮ˾ͺ֪ˡ
һƽᣬȻû֮ǰίͲʣƺַһλͨ飬ǺѸŮǸƷĹ
ַڶ΢΢ҡҡͷ˵ģһֻһŮˣǵһҲһ
ǣôУͻȻ̧ͷ֮ǰˣڻô㻹Ҫչ壬ǾͿ϶Ҫ
ɵϡַЦЦ鲻Ҳ൱ԺʥǿߣбȢŮȹ̵𣿡
ǲһͻȻЩˣȻΪڵ۹ûκְҲûκȨ޷ļվȸŰ
ȨΪƾԺ˵ʵҪʲôȨκȨǰֻЦַͼݣְ񣬱ѧԺԺ۹λʵ۶ѧԱб⻹ߵ𣿡
ⲻһģ
ΪַûԼ˵˼һ仰Ÿ˵ڣַʱͳϣ
ݣţѩħǹһֱֻôһΪҵĸֻһ֪ģΪȢ׼ҶһȤûУ㲻˵ģڵ֮ȥõջҵľλ
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ҪһɱҲ̫ˣ
һᶨƵĿ꣬ڶĿȻΪӭȢ׼ʵϣƽܰκæµÿԼ£κѹ׷
ϣе鶼֮ܺúõһӵĵطûκδţҸ
ԣλ˵ͲҪ
ǣַ仰ֻǳĬƬַ̣һ䣺㡭ǣǸʱĻ㻨ѪһֽѾļ𣿡
ʣַʱһһŨŨãҲͬʱ
ǰʱԼľͻܵºͽܻķ׻аµȵȵķô
ԼģɻӦϣҪԺػ۹Լõջѩħǹľλ󻹻ڰаػѾ˵ϵģңҲ˸˵ģ
Լ׻ô
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ֻһ˲ĹַѾ˾ƭݣ˵Լ뷨ȷʵᡭݣʱȫһҹҵļ壬ҵ⣬㵽׶𣿡
ҵȻѽͷǣȨλûȤҪչ壬Ͳòȥܶ㲻Ըѽңô˸㣬ЩЩʧַ硭㲻ðοңΪδӣѾ˳ֵ˼׼ˡ
ΪַΪڰοԼ˵ЩԣҲ˵Լʵ뷨ƾŶַ˽⣬ÿ仰˵˹ؼϡ
ַ֪ŵ飬Ҳ˵ȱ㣬ԣҲ͡áַ㣬ϣܽ˵
ֱַֿЦõĸоԼδӾȻȰԼ檣б⻹ЦַĹֻᷢһĹŴоԼԶȴ벻һȻᷢԼϡ
ȷǣûĸŮԸŮ˹ͬԼˣبŲĵһǸŴ˼檺ദļΪǢģΪԴףΪ裬һźﹴĶǡ
ң붼룬λ˼ס
˺ŮԱϣ֮⣬˼ĲͬҲΪѬգ˵ˣû˭ϣ˻ԼԼһ룡
ԣַף֮ȰԼȻʵ⣬ЩΥĵĻ
ǣַ̾˿ݣ㻹ûҵ⣬˵ˣҽֻһԲȢŮˣڷչ壿İ취ԭ㣬δһϲǣΪģҲֻ˵ˡ
취һʱһΧ㹻Ļַһע⵽ǰһı顣
ʹַûע⵽ݵı飬ɻǴһ˿εľϲҲӡ֤뷨ǣ˵ݣҲ㣬һǰһٶȴڵٶȣò˶೤ʱʥֻҪҵʥ֮һõȹ̸ô
˵һ˵ʱ򣬾Բ˸ҸԣȫԺһȡҸ׾ٵ飡ԣҲһ㣬ʥ֮ǰʱ䣬Ȣߵ۹Ůһʱˡ
һ⻰жʱ̤ʵԼĸƵȻ˵ʵʱԼĸûһһ䣬Ҳ˲۹һţǾԵƣԣԼĸ׸û˸ȥ
ַһʥȻҲȥκˣֻҪ˸ҵżûһԭַȫһԷ壡ԣǸʱȫͲҪκθ
ԭݾַ֪ܴﵽʥԼһԼռ򶼲֪ʲôַǷȱľֻѪ߿еġˣһﵽַ˲ʥ
мʱҲض̣ϾӰ˼ż۷壬ɲǶʱھģڰݵַų̶ȣʮڣַضܹͻƵʥ֮
ǣмʮ꣬ȫܾһķչԣίԼΥԼҲҪȰַȨƵĹ
ַش𣬰ĵܲ˷أŮ˶Ҹְ
ֻǣһҲɵñθڣʶıʵ㡭ʲô
ûַеġò˶೤ʱ䡱Ƕ೤ʱ䣬ҲΪĵط
ȣٶȻܲ²⵽һţַΪѩħǹǰÿ춼гʱһЩӦ飬춼޷Ϊ޷֤ʱͻƵʥ֮
Σ֮ԲѯҲΪ˸Լһ֮ͻȻľϲʲôܱһ׼ȷ֪ɹɹֲڶֵϲأ
ݡʣַȴԥҲ˵ִʦǼ˵̫ѿ࣬лǣž޴ܣǸݽͷ飬¾ͲýͣԣԥƬֻ̣˵ݣ¾ʵֻڻܸ㣬Ժʱ˵ʱٸֻϣң
㣡ַ绰£ݾͶʱԥĿڣ˳㻹һ䣺֪϶ĿԣղʱҾѾоѾվڰ˼۷ˣ̶һµʱףĻ᲻ء
лл㡣ˣַǳ׷
ˡͻȻʲôһת˵ٹϼҪȥˣ
׼ȷ˵졣ַ粹һ䣬ͬʱж԰Щɻ
һתǸҾһҲȥˣ׼ЩʱȥúѧϰһһϸӶӦʲôԣԲ𡭡
ûϵַûж˵ʲô̾˿ҸȥǱߣҲҪܶ飬ȥˣܿҲϾ˼㣬ҴǱߵ飬һжȹ֮Ҿͻ̻Ȣ㡣
֮ҾŮˡһΣݵᶨޱȡ
ַʱһˣʱҲˣҴȥɡ
š⿪Ľİ˵ͷûоܾ
ַɿ˰ݣȰҲɿ֮󣬱߳˷䣬ܿһۣÿԼ丽Ѳߵ
ʵϣԭľͶַķΧϣϾҪĸΧַķһ򿪣˱Ϳַ˳ַкԼ˵ʱ򣬵ʱһ
໥һۣܴӶԷпһ˿ǣ̩ǱԷݺݵĵһۡ
ֻǣ˸ûѡܾĻᣬֻӲͷƤǰȥʵʵһ񣬹ˡ
һѲߣʣµǸȥһȳ䵱ҵ򡣡ַ粢֪й˼ʲôֻǷԸԼ뷨˸ԾȨ
֪ʱ̫ܵʱ䣬໥һɫ֮󣬱˾
ˣ̩Ѳ߰ɣھȥʣµ˱̬
ַҲûжʲô˾ܺãȥɡ˵䣬ֱת߽
̩ͶȥһмɫԷȴǺݺݵһֱۣۡ
뿪̩֮ҲԼġλȥһߣһ߻Сֹѽˡ
ֻûз֣ǰһֱںڰǸˣ˫֮Ѿɱ


ʮ һ˲
ҹԵ
һҹĵ۶󲿷ֵʱһƽѹ֡
ڷĵ۶ϣʻһµƽʱ򣬴ʱǽʱ䣬۶ǲйģԣһԵøۡ
ǸۣȴûһѲ߾ǰ£ûиҴŭͣµˣ۶Ѳ߾ԶԶʱѾԾĶ˿
ΪڵҹҲںԶ֮ĵطĳǸĿı־־Ϊ򵥣һһĿһͷ¶׹ѩħǣһ־ħӫģԣΧôڣԶԶ֮һ۾ϳ
ѩħԭֻһֳĵͼħޣȫӦΪѩħǡħ޲ȺӶɱмħ޿ǲͬѩħֻҪȻȺ֮ͨǲݣϸߵħޣҲһ֮ģħȻȼߣƾֲηһǰľ񣬱Ϊ۹ġ
ԢȻԶ
ʹһ־Ƕϵģ۹ҲֻһλǾѩħǹ
Ѳ߾ȻǲѩħǹҹеĹкܼ飬ԣѲ߾ǼҹйɴԶԶģеĹүᡣ
ֻһѩħǹϵȴԵЩŹ֣ΪͲĴ磬Ǵһףﻹ彣һ
ǣĶȴǼΪ죬һӵŶľ飬ҪǴʱиһӵ򿴵ĻԶ̾硣
ʵϣΪµԭһʱڵ۹̻䵱һרְֵһǣµȫ򣬶˵飬϶Ķӵһ׼Ϊ߳ĸɡ
ôٵԶ·̣ҲʱĵУôͨҲڸͣʱͣԲǵ³֮ȫԴľ顣
ң̻ṤʱȫǺӵȫ̻ĴͻһЩҪʱ̻ޡ£ȥ˳Ʒ
ֻͬȻȫԿԼļɻ۷ĲƲջѡ뿪̻ᣬĻ˵ǲҪ
ʵϣµϽһֱǿͬĸ׺游ԸÿͿƽ˵ÿոڵ۹ĸ䣬Ѿܹˣ
ҪǣļǵԼ׵ʱĳһ죬ԼĸһΡԼ׻ʱȴѪ죬һ죬׵ֱŻˣԺףԼĸǴ·ɽ
֪ԼҲҪܸ׵Ĺһ飬׵һԶ޷ȥӰԣȻԼδ޿ɱ⣬ôԼҪóֵ׼
ǣһѧϰɵͬʱҲڰŬš
ĸ׸Ҳܸ߳ԣļҾʵСʱҲϵһõѧԺѧԱҪһҪʱѧϰļɡ
׵뷨֮ԽͽѧԺָܱĳЩүУΪ˽ܸõļ̳Լҵ
ûй׵ѧԺ˳ҵʱѾ˶һ͵ʱҲ˳̳׵ҵ
ֻÿ·ʱ򣬶ܵԼһ·ɽӶڲԼƬϣΪĹ»ҰΪڼ̳иҵ֮Ҳûз
츳ʹôŬĿǰΪֹҲֻ׵ˮ׼ҵУڸȫǴͻȻҲⲻ˼ܶǿ·֣ȻЩǿЩ·ǮǱ̶ӵӶɵǸӰȴһһεıŴ
ȻйΣգһζûг֣ȴǿ־
ǣѩħǼʱ᳤̻ĵȰ˵ȻȻѡˡתС
ѩħǹʹ٣Լʬ廹ƽؼ磬ҪǣΪһᣬ˵Ϊһεѡ񣬲Լֵлδһְٰʱ򣬱˼ԼҲṧĺһʿ¡
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ǣŶδ㽣ʵ˳ĳΪѩħǹƾŶΪͻ䵱ľ飬˷¶رԸ񣬱Ͼܶ͵ƷҵܣӶһ·ñ͡
ǣʧǣΪ֮󣬸еȴͲһһ֮УûһĻᣬÿ˱Ҫѵ֮⣬ʣµʱڸ֮ۡѲߣһΨһһγŵĻǰ죬Ź˵ĹܼҰ£ľǸŶߣ䵱ųеһԱ
һ̣ļǵãܶ˵ĿԼʱָоԺϲܡ˵߶Ǿʬ壬ɽ»Ǹо㡣
Ϊܲ˵ľԼ̩ͬһֱһùµİţ¸Ͳʶ̩Ҳǰʲôģֻ֪ԼɹĳΪ̩֮ͳΪԼͬ飬ÿѲߣԼһ
һУֻҪۡԳʲô飬ᱻ̩ļһ˵컨׹һƨС£̩Ҳ˵飬ؼǣ̩˵ĺܶ໰ݣԼһ£ֱӾͱƷ
Ҫǣһֱ޷죬˵˽Ǽҳ㷹ⲻһִ򵽹˵ͷˡ
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һٳֻϵĴͲʲôҪǣΪԼһᷳԼǰ;ȫͻˣ
뵽²ɵһͷۣ
֮ǰãڷкԼ̩ʱ򣬽¾̲סһ£һоա
ߣһΣҽ¿ǿһǰݹͲʲôŮˣңλ˵ӣԲܻŮ˲㣬˵Ҳֻλ˵СŤѡֱ֮Ťǿˣ
̩ǸСٸ˵ʲôԼͺݺݵĽҴˣ˴
ǽļһԶϳۡ
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˵ݹǺҽһӼŮˡ̶ֻۡһµʱ䣬ܽĿðݹķݡҵҰҪǣҽ¿еһݹյˣ
뵽²ʶĻͷһ۳ᣬʱĵȻַͰˡ
ֻһ㶯ûУҪǽƾŶľ飬׵ĴܵٶȺʹõĵ̶жϳڻ˵Ļ˵Ϊλ˲֪ʲôʱѾ뿪ˡ
Ͼλ˱ʵͲССȵġ
һ㣬Ǻ֪֮ġ
ǣֻǿһۣͻȻһ
ҪҪڣ򹫾˾ٱ̩ǸأֻҪԼʵ˵һ㶼ʵ˾Բ׵Ǹһ
㹫˲ţҲضΪԼĻȥѯˣֵ飬Ǹʱһ̽ȷԼĻȫʵһǸļһܵõӦõõ³ԼҲԻһͬˡ
Ҫǣ˵ҲΪסԼֻҪ˼סԼԼǰ;õ˵
һΪĻᰡ
뵽˴¶ʱǰһҲӿһǿҵĳ嶯޲ھÿĳᣬ齲ˣ
ǣҲ֪ھԲʱƾľ飬һ۾ܿҪ𵽺ܺõĸЧ˵λڳأԼҪʱλ˵ġ¡Σɾͳе
ǣ¾ֻǿŵȴﵽĿĵأλ˳ʱһ˵
ʵϣиͲȣַ֮ʹøЧõĲȻΪ˰飬ʵΪ˸Է˳ڤ״ֻ̬һЩħᣬµʱ򣬵ȻòҪܵĴš
ҲΪȥز׼õģϾһ·ͽӽһµʱ䣬ԼܾܲһֱŰɣ
ȴҲһʱһ޵Ĵϣ˫۽գë΢΢Ѿ˯ߵ״̬ǹ˿ȣȥ˼֡
ַԱߣųħƵĹâǰˡ
ϵѾȥ޵ˣֻļôʱҲڽȻϴʱѾҹڸûһĹ͹Ƿ
ַ֪ûԼȣԼֻҪ΢ڤһܳ״˯ߣȴֻǵսʿҪ˯ָÿҪľԣַɴʩһϵħеġ䡱ݸõĽ˯ߡ
Ȱ˯֮˼һ
Ȼ۾Ը߰ҪֵܲУԣѡõĲϳ˸Ч֮⣬ҪмõļЧϴԭϲض͸ǿ鶥ϵˮʯֿ̻һЧõħַΪ˼𣬿˵뾡˰취
˵۹͵ģҲ˵֮һҪǣٵͣҲеģ
ң֮ǰַҲһһĸоһȴȫͬһΣĵмȫʧ
ַųκοԺ뵽ϣһⷽ濼ǣһ
ǻԼѵʱ̻Ľ¸˹˵˹ڽµĺܶྭ䡰¼ʱԼΪ̫Եʣûע⡣
ǰܵƽȣŲ뵽顣
˵¾һ˲ţô߳ļԦ֮ӵսʿʵȻŬ
һ뵽ˣַ뵽飬˿̣ǰЩ¼ҲһһԺ
˵ΪԦƥļִ߳ȹӶ͹ƷʱַͲɵ뵽Լÿѧֱ죬ԼʵһΣ
֪ؼĵطǵƥһֻҪƥϵĺãôսʵͻҪһƥõȥһˣ³֮ȻѡûѪߵͬ⣬ַɲഫڸ˵³֮
ԣͿǵ˽ϡ
¼Ȼ̻۵ԼȻͲֻһ
ͨΪֹ͹ƷԸֽģôһشľȻ˼
ȻĻԼβأԼҲܴõĺô˲ŵôҲõֵķӡ
ֻǣԦƥļɱϾ˵ܣʹԼѩħǹҲǿбһ˽غҪܡ
뵽˴ַһ˼ŸʲôýĸԸ˵ܡ
ڳĽ£뵽ַҲԼʵϣǸ״桱̩ͷֻһͱˡ
Ȼַ硰ע⵽ԼҪĻ̩Ҳ١ʧְ˵Ƣٻһ㣬̩ܾܿûˡ
Ͼ̩ҲԼһµͬ飬Լǲһͺ·ĻҲ̫˵ȥˡ
̩һǸڵڶ˵ʲôĻԼͲˣǵʱûлټˣҲһҪˣ
Ľ»ǾαĻᣬͬʱаοԼҽ²һ£Ժ϶еǻù˼סңαҪһʱأ
һʵشʱ֪λᱦȴȻҲøȰ˵Լľǲģ
ԣڰοԼֲ̩֮ţҪʱһ۵ĽٵͽҲаԼڹǰֱ֣ԼǶԷĶ֣ǲǻλʵǿĹ
Ҳ֪Щɺϻʲô̩ͷûãչչһʱǰԶĵ·ϣһվ·һҲ
ǰϾһḻ򣬸ҹ·Ҳûںҹ֮У˵ĸйֻᱻŴޱ򣬸йֱȳ˲֪߳ٱ
ڵһʱ䣬ȷϣǰԶõԼ·ˣȻǳԼһģ
һ̣¶ʱЩû뵽ԼµһԸʵˣ
ŬĿסеɼɫĻͣǰʮĴʲôˣҵѩħǹ˵ĵ·


ʮ ·
·Ϊխͨ˴ĵ۶һСǿֻһͨңֻҪʻСϣҲͷֱվˣûʣµĿռˡ
ҪôխһС˳ͨһΪѵ飬Բע⣬Ϳ²Եǽ棬ַ۸߰ǲһƤǶһġ
ԣСǶԼļһĵ򣬸Ͳѡ񣬳ǣرȵ飬ֻǳ˵رԸСֲƤΣյĶ۹Ҳҳʮ
ƽգСȻ޷̻˰뱲ӵĽ¿˵ǼΪ˽۶ĵΣ֪һСͨѧԺ·ֻ̣ҪСǰһΪĴһգʻԶܵﱣѧԺˡ
СٿԽʡһС·̣ĺҹڻڸ·ϣȻԽ쵽ĿĵԽãµĿԣΪַֺ磬ѡߵ
ؼǣСʵ̫խˣֻҪʻȥûлͷأҪƵĻ¾ֻǣƥڳβϳȥˡ
ǰԶǸվСм䣬õסǰ·ǣַٵ޿˽޿ɽξ档
ֻҹõıɫխСУ¹ֲֵܳǰںҹ֮У¸Ϳ˵ģֻǿֱһΰӰ
ǸӰôںҹ֮Уһɺɽһ㣬ֻӵ°ҹ紵ʱƮƾ¶ḻľ飬ڵһʱͶ϶ǰ˾Բ⣡
Ͼ˭ûҹﾲվһСмأҪǣԶԶ֮ĺҹԵüΪ˱Ȼ˶У֪ȴ㣬ĿȻԶ
ʵϣ¾һˣ仰һΪǰ˳ѩħǹ֪Ѷˣѳеλǰи˵סǵĵ·һ㣬Ǿǽһ˽ģҪ˻úñһѣǳɻǰܣٵù˼סԼ
ֻպ仰Ǽ˲ɵŨŨĵǡ
ǰ˼Ȼվﲻ㣬֪ܿŵλҲ˵ȻǳλģλʵѾ˽֪ûһʵҶվλȥ·
ݽжϣ˿ٵоżʵԼͲǶ֣ǣϲòΪһ˵ˣѩħǹվĸǶϣӦõһվ
ϣģԼڱǰɱ֮ǰλܿٷӦԼһ
ҪúñһѺΪıݣںһ仰֮󣬽±ֱӲƥǰӰȥսʿٶ˵첻죬ҲҪƥܿϲ١
ǰӰλֲԶգ֮䣬¾ͳ嵽ǸӰǰ
ֻǣڳȥ֮УﲻɵðһŹֵͷ˵ԷҪԼʵǿϺܶ౶Ϊһ˼սʿȻΧĿΪУԼսʿȫת϶ΧĿһ𵴡
ǶԷûпԼҲԻΪ֪˿𵴣ʶڵһʱֻǸ񵲵ķӦԷΪżоԼսʿȥǷҲԲڻ£
ǣȴû
žˣѾܿ˵ģǷûܶһĺ룬ϴĺӶûӿȥɾ֮忴ȥȴһֲŭİ
˾ôر˫ֿųĽ£͸¶ƽ
¼ûκζɵЩͷԡѵǹ˵Ѳɣ
ǣǹ˵ѣԼҲܶ㿪ɣ
ۿҪ嵽˵ǰвɵЩԥǹ˵ѣԼĻ
뵽˴вָһȻԼְǱˣǲǹ˵ѣ㲻ڱֲܣǰ˴򹫾ҲܹﵽԼϾԼоְ
ǵҲ嵽˵ǰǰ֮УѾγԼ彣ʱԥȫǰȥ
Ǿ仰ճȥʱ򣬳ڵַʱһĿǰҹڽʱǱȻǸ֣Ҳӵа˼ʵŸʱôĿŵĳУǣһʱ벻ʲôԼ
ǣʱҲݲ룬һֱ̣ӳ˳ȥ
ַĿǰȻûоżʵٶϣҪĽ¿࣬ʱÿ¸ոճ彣ǰӰȥ
ȻַʵȽ¸߳ü֮ҲǰǸӰж϶˱ȻǸֻ֣ӵʵĽ£ضڵһʱͱɱ
ŵô˽ַԻʹϧܾãԣڳһ̣ԥ׷ȥƾٶȺһɫ۵Ķ׷Ͻ£ǸӰȶԸҲӦԼ
ַ粢û¶磬ھ¶ĻĹâȻԷӣԷȻضԴ˵ǰ¶ûƿԡ
Ϊĵ罣ͬǰóΪΪ׼ֻҪַһܳԷбķʽӳȭͷԷȻôӣڿҪӴԷһ˲䣬罣¶ĻԷѾӦˣ
һɱַͲԸ
ԣôֿȭĳȥ
ǣַճ嵽һ룬Ǹòʱ򣬶ʱֹסǰĽŲʱȻоԼһ󾢷ŤͷȥͿ֪ʲôʱ򱻽Ǿ仰ѵİҲ߳
ֻǣַһտԷòʱ򣬰ݾֹסӡ
һŹֵ˵ʲôַȴæһֻסͣһַֻһָߣһơ
Ȼ㲻ַʲô˼ַƺص˵ͷ
ַˣɿŰ͵ֻ֣ݴһɫʾпȥ
ݴʱѾĪַ羲վԭؿеʱҲֻѡһ𾲾Ŀţַ֣Ѿһ˿Ī΢Ц
´ʱ֪ԼĲԶλ˾ôؿԼΪλûзӦЩżܵˣأҷ۲ֻܽǰ
̧һʱΪλΪλ֣ͬʱһ䣬ϣλע⣬һҲǶǫ̂ʣͨ෴ɻẰһ仰ȥɣ
һ仰ԭӦըһȴ֣ԼʱȻĲ˵ˣ仰˺棬ͺ
һ˲䣬ʧȥ˵һ
ʱһѾ˶ԷϣֻǣȴоԼĳ̶һ㣬ȥ鶼鲻
ȻǰֻһȻ似ҲҲûоսǰڸһЩ˷ʱһЩǿΪĹ·ѲͣӶӶʵҲУǿ̶ӵҲкܶΡ
ÿΣ¶ƾԼʵӲǿͻΧȻٽߡ
һǿҲֻǶ̶ӵĻͷǵˡȤԣǹغΪҪ飬ǿҲһƵ߿˵ȥᡣ
ĳһθһ˷ʱһʵΪǿǿŻǿŻѾмƻͲչ·ѣǳ̶ġ
һΣǽӡһΣʻĳطʱ򣬺ѹѹһƬǿͻȻôɱ̶ӣһڶģ
ʱӳûٷ˵һε飬״һ뷨
ԣҲһŷḻսˣ˵ûʲô֣ûսʿֹ֪һսʿĻǶ붷֮ײǼҵģ
أԷƽ˫ֵĶûиı䣬ϸû¶Լȴ˵ȥ⽣Ҳûеַֻյĸо
ԷǰһεճԼǿһ㣬һ¾סԼĳ
ڷ֮󣬽˲ѡȻ֪Լĳ⻹ʲôʱ򣬾Ϊ˱ֻٴνйҲӦöڳ˷ʱ䡣
ԣѡ˷Լĳ
ǣҪɿ˫ֵʱȴ㵵ķԼͲܶˣ
ɲų֣½ƶһ
һ̣¾͸оԼǱ˿֮У֮ܺ⣬飬ֻܱһؿǰˣ
һֻڶ̶̵һ˲䡣
ôܡ⵽ʲô
֮вɵױȵ𾪡
ͻȻӿһֱָӵĸо
ԼȻֻʵʵڳ֮ҲѵõˣǡԷʲôˣΪʲôԷûԼսʿͱסأһҪʲôɱԼ
ѵԼѹεľ
ؼǡλѵûоԼѾͣ󡭡ûκζ
ȽȥͷԼǰ˶ˡ
ȣע⵽ϵġ仰˵ǰ˵תƵԼϿһ¡
Լ󣬲ôѵҪɱԼȥλˣ
󣬽±㿴ǰԽһ
ֻǣûüʱȴַ֣˽ĿתصԼϡ
ǲԼһ˰ˣ˰ɣ
в̾һȴǵɴ˫ضˣԵĸо˲ͨȻ֪ԼΪʲô˵˻ӣҲһҪôԼɱģ
ǰ΢΢üͷ㳯Լһֻ֣ǰһ̣ͻȻоиӵζʧȡ֮һƽ
ÿ˶ûѡǰĳƽɡ
Ȼô룬ȴضˡ
ǣϣ˲ûɱԼֻȴǷԼĽ֮ϣȻ󣬾ô׵ĳ˳
⻹û꣬ǰ˳֮ȴǽԼĳĲԼĽ
ʲô˼
һ˲䣬вǹŹ֡
һĻýеĹŹʧоһɿ籩һ𾪣Լ籬ɽһӿ
ڣںÿÿһĻʱ򣬶ɵøпǧ


ڰʮ 
ѩħǹҳϰʱ򣬾Ȼضҡµ󴦿ȥ֮дŵĵ٩
һ⻰ʱʶǰЩԼͬʱ̤ʵ˲٣ɵţ˸ʶģ˵Ҳûʲô⣬ԼܱסһСˡ
ԺˣЦˣʵû뵽ȻĻҿ϶һͳˡַȥżǸء
仰µĶУֱӾĵ׸һɽ鱩𾪣
ڵ۶ÿ˶֪ѩħǹڱѧԺѧԺԺǵ۹ҪǣӵʥʵҲǾ˽֪顭
ԼղţȻһλʥǿ߶ˣ
ǡǾʥ

˶ʱסˣһֻ̣ԺһƬհס
޲زûע⵽СַĻ㳯ַ˹ȥ˵ߣԴε̾˿ҵŮҹȥĻᣬ׵ģܲż𣿡
仰ʱַͰȫַ籾װ͵͵ܳ޲رȻ֪ȴû뵽Ͱݻ·ϣ޲ؾȻסԼ
ΪʲôҪԼ
ַΪ޲ǵŮ·ϵİȫ⣬ֻһ˲ĹȻ²ⲻ
Ȼʱ²͸޲صΪʲôԼϾΪӣƤⷽҪȰݺϲ٣ֻԶһ£ЦⲻǰŮͻ
ףݴ˿ҲӦ˹ɵɫ糺ؽһ䣬һ߶Žţһ§ס޲صһֱۡ
ƽʱ޲ؿԼŮԼʱͨˬʵĴЦ˿̣ûЦûۿһۣһı鶢ַ磬ȫͰѰݵ˿ƽšҲµˣ֮ҵŮô򵥡
û˵ַ絽ʲô飬˵⣬˵֮ŽĿ˰ݵϣݣԼȻȥš
ݴûмԼĸױôǰߵĸоһɨգĵ׷һأʱ޲صķԸɵüͷףǲǡʲôˣ
˼飬ʱҪ֪ȥšһΣ޲ֱƺǲһ˿顣
ʱһ£׵ʲôֵԼĸô棬һΣһ˿ĪֻţֻֻֿʱԼĸ뿪Լ͸׵ʱ˫ֲûɿץĸˣȥҲһ˿ס׳ʲôˣ
ַ޲صĿﲻԴЦʧŰɫݣԺ˻ȻȥɣģԺڣܳʲô飿
ǡݿַһۣлЩԥǹɿֻŵĲƺҲӾˡ
޲ԼŮеĲ̾˿΢ºһ㣺ûʲô飬ĵȻȥɣĳʥǿ߶˵飬бҪδɷ𣿡
޲һ仰Դɵζݶʱ͸оеǹɲ࣬΢˼һ£ҲûҵԼ׻ʲô©ɵֵüͷַһۣȴַ糯ԼͶһĵ΢Цҵ˵ͷ
ðɣԼȻȥˡЩ̫Ը˵仰ȻɿԼ˫ַ֣ʹһпո񣬼ַ粻ɫĸһ֮󣬲ĵĳѧԺķȥˡ
һߣַʱͳԶĽͶȥĿ⡣
ʱɳĵ𾪵Уվԭأƺûз޲ѾӴ˿ռϵ
ַ翴ŽŵģһְĿת޲صϣԺԵһ¡
޲صͷַ㲻ٳɣ첽˹ȥߵߵʱַȴֽƺûзӦ
֪޲Լʲô飬ĵѾ޲صθڣʱҲûоڽµϣڷɵļ򣺡ûǴĻӦýн°ɣ
´ʱƺûдǰлָֻǱַļʶĺһ
С䣬޲ʥǿȻǶĴڣûһҲۿһλʥ򹫾ģûԼССսʿȻλʥ򹫾֡
ȻԼûʥ򵽵һʲô˵̶ֳȵĽ֣Ѿζһˡ
ܶôĲڶûԼҲʥǿߵһ죬ûѩħǹ֪Լ֣ղŵʱôѩħǹסԼ
ʱڸַܵԼļѯʵԼ֣ڻعһ˲䣬𾪵УָһɿϲŬеľϲϻ¶˿ŵļģǡǰˣҽн£
һ˵⻰¶ʱʶԼʧ̬аԼ䣬ͬʱ˼ֻ֣̿ΨǰĹ˿Լʧ̬ģΪԼûϢ
ַʱûоǽʲôֻǶķӦԸ⣬ûж룬Եļ򣬱ţıҺ⣬Լȥɣһȥ֮˵һԺֱӸҰɡ
һκûϢһ£û뵽ԼһֱþĻ飬Ȼô׵ĽٵԼͷˣҺãҲӦĺܿ죬һ֮ͶʱһֻǣĵļԵЩڳԣллΣ
ַ䲢ʽЩƫƫ֣ġĲ񡱻ɵЦһ䣬ߴٵˣȻȥɣҪ̸
ȻΪеļԵЩʧ̬Ͼɵӣַô˵æַָһ񣬲ҵλ۹Ĺ˵ʱ䣬ٳַȥ
·޲صʱ򣬳ڶǿߵ𾴣ԥһ£޲˰񣬵ûиҶ˵ʲôϽ
޲΢΢Щ⣬ȴûпڣСʱתǽϣַˣҲϵһǽϣͬÿ˵·
ڽļԦ֮£žҹٶʻܿ죬ƽȵʻ˵λãС󣬲밲뿪ķԽʻԽԶֱʻСȥ
ʱС֮Уֻʣַ޲ˡ
˭뵽۹λߵĹ壬˿̾;۵С֮С
˺Ĭĳȥ޲ĿЩֻҹﲢַ緢ĵ˵һ䣺ǸְԦļɣӦŶ԰ɣ
ǰԭ̻ʱͱѡ˽ҼҲʱȼɡַûµ飬϶˵ǣȥ֮ʵԺˣûˣסʲô飿
һ䣬ַԵЩСģоӵʥʵ޲ֵܱôأǾԲһС¶ô򵥡
޲غȻһƬ̣ɫַ硭׼ʲôʱ飿
أֳѹһ򵥵ѯʡ
ַһ⻰жʱЩ㵣һ֮ǰڰݿƵĻڣ޲Ȼû˵ҲСˡ֮ĴߴٵĻ֮ǰӰ죬仰Ҳоһɴߴٵ˼
ؼ⻰޲׿ڶԼ˵
ǣиոͷͱַ糹ƷΪ֣޲صû˿ߴٵ˼෴ѯ֮ƺһĺ壬ַо޲һк󻰡
ңо޲ַʽԼȻֻѯԼô򵥡
ԣ仰ַ֮羭򵥵˼ͺԥĻشҴӷػ̾ͻ顣
ţҲá޲ص˵ͷԵЩʱѧһһϸӵӦöʲô
˵ʱ޲ͻȻ̾˿ݴСͱҹ߻ˣʹڻǰѧϰЩµǽ֮ǺȫΪˣֻϣڽֻҪ͹ˡ
⻰ַ˵ĸӸоȻʱţѾһĺܶ飬˼ȴܵǰһĺܴӰ죬ǰûϣʶľǰĹ
һΣ޲ΪǰһĻĻ˵ʲôƲҪŮĻûĸײԼŮǸ磬һҪȢ߱˵Ů֪Ҫ˵𻰡ٱ֤أ
ԣ޲˵Щʱַо쳣Ĺ죬˵Ůûеλʥ򹫾޲صŮƹλ˵ûλ𣿾ǹƾ޲ݣݵĵλºܶ嶼ӡ
Ҫǣ޲ؿǰݵĸװ
ȻȥܳϿңַȴӣ٣Ҳϣܽ˻δ˵Լﻰ
ǣַƬ̣ųԺˣ˵ԲᷢҸ󲿷˵ĹͬΪŮ˲ֻ˵ĸƷһ˵ӣҪһʱ䣬ҪΪŮҪΪǽѣⷽ˵һ˲ȱٵһ֣ҲǴ󲿷ΪĸƷ
ǣ˵ҲˣҲһĸ壬ҲԼ˼룬һֱΪһ𲻵ֻҪͬʱҲһΣʱΪԷΣֻһҪĻǴɲؽ飬ȫһЩŮԼһЩĻΪԼıߡ
Ұݣ飬òֻδܰʲôϲദоԣʹʲôᣬҲǰģΪλã˭治ˡ
һλַԴǼնȥ޲˵Է޲ض˵ĻԲô˵Ϊϵľ룬ǺԹͨ
޲ȴͬΪĿǰΪַֹ綼ûз޲ĸŮ˴Ĺϵֻӵмңʥ򹫾ûκţͰһһŮĻַΪֱǸͬ־
ԣַ޲һרˣʱ޲ǲǸԼһǸﴩԽģϾ磬ĺγר˼룬Ϊ󵨵˵Լеʵ뷨
޲û뵽ַô˵ʱַĿͲ˱仯ôľ֮£еǹɺεͶʱַ糹׷ġ
޲زûϼ˵ʲôƺЩĲɵţܺá
˵䣬˺ܳһʱ䣬ʱַ粢ûѯʣΪо޲صġ⡱Ҫˣңע⵽޲ʱָӵĿ⡣
޲¶˼ᶨɫ̾˿һֲܿܵ˵ݽ֮󣬾ͻķȥסɣԶҪ۶ˡ
׻˵꣬˻вǰֳһơ
޲ص仰͸ַһָо˲Ͷ϶۶İп϶Ƿ˾޴ı仯
ʲôʥǿ޲ôصأ
۹ֻǸܣʵʵǹͺڰ͢
˹͢飬ַҲʵ벻ʲô޲أֻǣûἰ֣͢ʵԺˣǲĳʲô£


ڰʮһ ֱ𾹳

Ŀǰ侲˺ܶ࣬ĵ׵ȴ˿ûм٣ң룬𾪵ĸоǿңֻؿڼֺ֮ĳ嶯һ
סˣΪʵһξԼһ󺰣ͻоѡ
ԼһѣȻϴľʹʶľʹһȴǸһЦݡ
侲֮ҲɵöԼ֮ǰĳ嶯Щ¡
ȻʱԼż֮£ûп̫࣬һᡱţʱͺԥ׵ĳȥ
ԷеĻڵһʱԼС̾ûˡ
ϾʱҶסѩħǹˣһأ
ʵڸճȥ֮ʶһ㣬ֻǣʱûѡֻܼӲͷƤǰȻ֪Էضһ㣬ȴû뵽ԷȻ
̶̵ľ֮УҲ˷ܡ
ʥǿ߽һ֣Ȼûиʥ򵽵ʲôһζˣΪ˷ܵģѩħǹǾ仰
²߸ϵѩħǹ˾ȻǵС֣ƾһ㣬㹻˷ܺһˡ
ҪǣѩħǹԼı֡
쿪ʼܸڹ˵ߣжʱ͸оһεðպֵ˵ҪٸһνֻĻ˵ûˡ
Ͼ̰ÿ˵ıܣ´ûнʻڱϣûиʿ񣬳ǡѾĵֻǱѡ񣬷򣬽¿¸ͻڣǰĳǿˡ
һ˷ʲôﶼõģȻҲ⡣
һ̣δͬʱĳǽϿһֻҰèôĿɰҪ֪ǰʹ޵ľ־Լ͵ʳС
ҲûеΣʮ꣬һЩҪʻеġ
ԣڽ˼֮󣬽±ԼԺ󾿾ܻʲôӣֻԼ
Ͼɲȥ룬ԼȥֻоֻǻûøðԼʲôˡ
ǰʲôҲܱһССǿ࣬ҪǣԼ쿪ʼͲ̩Ǹˣ
뵽һ㣬ٶһ˷ܡ
ԼֻҪվڣԶ뿪Ǹļһˣ
뵽˴̲ס̧ͷ˿ɫƾϹҹ·ľ飬ʱ͹Ƴ˻ڵʱ䡣
šԼֻҪǸļһദĸСʱҵʱ䣬ܳ׽ˡԼһ˯֮˾͸߸·˭Ҳ᲻˭ˣ
˵һ˿ֵ飬˷ҪģûܷԼݿ֣־ͻۿۡ
Ҳʲôʥˣûмʲô棬ֻһͨˣܶһһ֡԰ڡȻ̩ǸһΪһ㣬ЩȲҪԼǨϢǸ
뵽Լ̩֮Ǹļһһ㵵ģ
ֿЦı飬о̲סЩ⣬ֵ⣬иȲˣ
Ȼߵ·һȦӲܻصѩħǹۡƾ߳ļʻѾڲ͸֧ǰܵˣһ·ûκ˵º˳ľͻص˹ۡ
ֻڴﵽ֮ۡǰֹһЩٶȣԼһ׼ʱ䡣
ȻȽŻԭλһ֮˳ĳԼѲߵȥ
Ȼһ·ϣ¿ɲԸԼʧ̬ģԣ͹һ侲ĳԼĿĵȥǣԽǽӽĿĵأԽȲҪﵽԼѲ߷Χ֮ʱ鲻ԽĹһ˿Цݡ
ǣЦݽάƬ̵Ĺʧԭ˷ܺͳҲһʧӰ٣ȡ֮һŨص֡
Ȼֻ̩ദһµʱ䣬٣һµʱѾ㹻Ĵ˽һˣڽµ̩ϵëһ㣬Ҳûʲôõĵط
٣̩͵ˣñ͵ʱһЩ˽¡
ҹ룬ƽʱҹܶѲż͵һ£Ҳ֪ԼֻǸ裬ֻ˵һ̨ϵ壬Ҫ˸ҹۡҲЩͨµģҲֻһá
ǣĸָͲǾֵܷġ
ԣܶʱǶżĳ͵Ϣһ£Ҳַ֡û㹻ҳϵңиĴͲһ岽һڣڰУڱϸǿġ
ȻַҪֻһ㹻ʱ䡣
Ҳ͵ķΧ̩ԵЩȺݽµ˽⣬̩һΪԾˣ仰˵͵ϵʱ䣬Ĵһ£Զ޷ĺġ
ƽʱӦ̩Ծʱ򣬾Լڣûиѷģ̩Ҳ
ǰԼѲߵһƬû̩Ӱ
ѵû˸٩Դϵһܵĵط˯ȥˣ
ǽеĵһͷ
ǣƬͲ󣬶ΧĻΪտһɨȥܿȽ»һСĹ˼̫۵ĵطûҵ̩ʱеǹֲɵøʢˡ
ѵ̩һǡ㡱ȥˣ
ϾĵطбѲߣ̩ԶҲܣң̩Ҳ֪γȥͰݹҪģȻ̩ٴ󵨣Ҳʱ뿪ĸλ
ǺĽͣҲֻʣ¡ȥ㡱ˡ
ǡһȾ͵жʮӵʱ䣬֮ǰѰʱ䣬нӽСʱˣȴûп̩Ӱ֡
СʱǳҲˣȥ㣬Ҳû˲Ŷԡ
һ߶ݺݵôţһ߲סĶڴ̩ĳ֡
˵ʱôŹ֣ƽʱǺĳˣĳЩضʱȴˣ¾ˡ
ֻǣʱһһĹȥµȴ𽥸һ˿ǡ
ͺһƽ޹ʵԼǰʧһ
ȷ̩Բܣһ֣ϲ˵ʲô϶ȥ˾ٱϾ˿˭ְأ֮˫ֻۡҪ˭˲Ҿٱʵ֮󣬾ܻҵĽ͡
ң㹻һ˺óԺúȹһµˣ˭ҲŹĻᣬͬҲûĸȥְأ٣̶һµʱû˸ҡ
ż͵˯ǼҹѲͨҲ㲻ְأȻҲûȥˣ֮Ǳ򣬷ĳʲô飬ЩҲͰﲻʲôæ
ԣȷ̩ԲܣǲںϳۡǱ˫ȿɲġ
Ҫǣʱһ·ÿѲߵԼλϣûбֳô쳣ľٶҲ֤ûзκ飬ԼѲߵƬطûκεĴ򶷻ۼ
ôúõһˣôͻȻʧأ
ôʱ̩ûг֣Ľ²Ϊļһﵣʱţ벻͵ʱвɵø־塣
ֿ־Ӱ֮£²СسС̩ģ˾ͿҪ
һˡֻδ˵ĲԶͻȻһˣѾҲˡ
ʶģȻתͿǰڰУԼʮ׵ĵطһӰ˹ϳ˵֮Ͻӭǰȥߵ˵֮ʱһ񣬹ˡ
Щֵʵ˵Ҳ̩ʲô˼
¸оĻЩŹ֣ڽӽʱ򣬽»ܴӿᵽһ˿޵Ѫζ
һ̣ӦʱͿһ
µɫβסƣϣһ˿׺ݣûѾɱˡ
˵һʱ¶һ˿̣ȴɼ̩𡭡Ѿ۲ܳʱˣƽ˵һЩʲôҲܣð򵽹˵ͷϣһ˫ȽϳۡĻᶼûˣԣҾͰɱˡ
˵ţǰĽ£֪㲻ˣҲŻ˵ЩϣܰѽĲȫʱҪ̩ʬʾ䣬ʱɾΨһ֤ˡţһһͬ飬ҵ˼𣿡
̩ΪʲôûڸλˣȻ̩𣬿̩Ϣﻹ̲סЩζϾദһµͬ飬Ƕ죬ҲһЩ
ǽԭļһ˵˵Լ̼̼һȴ벻֮ǰķֱ𾹳
»ô꣬־ȻҲǽˣֵʲôʱʲô飬˵ʱЩ꣬Ǻܿᶨشǣˡ
ˣûٶ˵ʲôתƻѾϢ𣿡
ˣ˻ûء˵ߣһѹסļꡣ
֮ôǵַᷢԭλѲߵʧӶԼġе⣬µĻش𣬶ʱЩ⣬ȴûѯʲôƣص˵ͷţ֪ˡԼظλɣȻٸ㰲ŸС£ͲҪù˲ˡ
ǡ˼Ӧһ
˿ת뿪ѽ¶ԭء
ֻǣ²֣ᷢߵһƧĽ֮ĬĬߵ£üͷ˵һ䣺ôǶԻǴأ

ͬһʱ̣۶Ҫӽѩħǹۡһֵϡ
ַĬĬϣ¶ŰɫĶⱻһЩ۵Ѳ߾ɧš
ȷе˵ַڵҡ
Ϊֱ޲ضûи׷ʲô顣
ֻԼһ׷֮£޲ֻǺ޵ĸԼ۶ȷʵǷ飬¶ʥǿ˵ûвʥµȴвֻǲԼͰǣ
Ȼ޲ر˼ַԷ֣޲˵Щʱ򣬼ᶨ֮дһ˿㣬Ȼ˿㼫΢Ǳַ粶׽ˣ
֤ʲô֤Լδʵ϶ûжٰգ
˵ַо˿ǴĻô޲Ϊʲô˵ԼͰԶҪص۶Ļأ
٣޲ûȫ֣
ǣʲôӵʥʵ޲أ
ַԺв˹ͺڰѵͷ
Ȼ޲ز֪Լ΢İ˼սʿҲ˽࣬ǽԼҲûжôϾûдﵽʥʥǿߵͲʲôǾ͸˵ˡ
ȻĻ޲صȷûиԼıҪ˵ԼͰ뿪۶ҲΪġ
ѵѵ𣿡ַ粻ɵó̾˿
Ȼô룬ܻЩ̫Ծһʱ֮ȴоץؼĵطָоһļ䣬ɵַЩꡣ


ڰʮ й©
ַһϰߣǾ벻ͨʱ룬˵ʲôʱ򣬾ôżȻ뵽ؼĵطԣһɷͬʱ˦˦ͷʱѹĵס
ǣȻôǿԼȥǣϾغش󣬷ظۡһ·ϣͷʱʱĸļ䡣
Ϊţûע⵽ԭԼѲߵѾһʱ˽µ顣
һԼķ֮ʱȻһʱ뵽Ĺؼ㣡
뵽ؼͬʱҲһ¾Ʒѵ뷨
ΪȻʶȼԶ޷ıġ
Լ䣬֮ڵĶڷ֮⣬ǽĻԶҲ޷ģԼĸ֮ۡ⣬ͬҲ޷Լķ䣬Ҫ뿪۶ĻǾԼĸۡҲˡ
˵Ӿ
һҪֻ֮УӾΧֻһôС߳˷䣬˸֮ۡڣ˵ӾΧۡ
ֵȼϵĲ죬൱˵ӾΧʥ֮µ˱ڷ֮еˣôʥǿ߾߳䣬˸֮ۡеˡ
Ҳ˵ʥ֮µ˵ǵӾΧֻһôСʥǿߵӾΧۡ
Ȼʥ֮µ˺ʥǿ߸޷ȣʥǿߵٶʥ֮µ˶൱һ㣬ʥǿȫÿռ䷨˲ǧ˵ʥ֮µˣ൱һһ״ݻ١
Ҳ൱ڣ߳ˣٻͷ䣬òĻȫֱӲ
ʥ֮ϣͣӰִʦĿ˽⵽Ȼ͵ľҲʥ򣬾ųʥ۷Ļǻʥ֮УȴΪӶվʥǿ֮ϡ
һͣ׵ɱеʥǿߣ֮ǰİִʦͨʥǿߣ۷ʥǿߣҲʲôȻûзľ޴ֻһĻôһҲеʥǿߡ
Ҳ˵ӵûȫֳ
˵൱ʥǿеͨˣȫɱ
Ҳ൱ڣѾ߳˸ۡ˵۶ۡĻҲԲ
ͬ˳ȥĻҲ൱뿪˵۶ˣԵ۶ĻҲؽ
ʥ֮µĿֻһôʥǿߵӾΧۡ͵ӾΧ۶ӾΧȴ½
Ȼַʥûдﵽ²ЩҲֻǻԼ뷨ǣȼϵĲԶ޷ıģ֮Ի뷨ȻҲݵģ
Ȼδﵽʥ֮Ѿ˿ռĹ򣬾Ͳ뵽ʥǿʥ֮µ˵Ĳ࣬ͣҲ˲٣ݰִʦĻĽַͣҲ뵽ʥǿ֮Ĳࡣ
֮ϣһֽʥǿߴͣȻҲö˵ԣȻδﵽʥ򣬵²Χ;磬ȴѾǲˡ
ǼȻѣ޲ؾԼͰӵҲûôϾʥǿѾ㹻ǿˣʥǿ߿϶㲻ϣҪҪ˭ӵ½κһҲûκô
޲ֻԼͰԶҪٻص۶˼ͱ齫ڵ۶ԼͰֻҪ۶Ǿ뿪УҲ˵۶Ͳܵǣ
ĻӦþͲôأҪǣ޲صĻȻһ˿ܣ󲿷ֻһɼᶨ˵ᶨܿаοĳɷ֣޲һնûеĻ¸Ͳˡ
Ҳ˵ķΧĸ߶ȣͣʥĸ߶ȡ
Ȼַ粢뵽׷ʲô飬һ㣬һ
ֻҪѵĸ߶ȣнĿܡ
뵽б˲٣ȻҲԼ뷨ЩǣǿѾ״ˣе©һʱ϶ǲȫϡ
һ㣬ֲַ˳˼ȥ
ֻʥĸ߶ȣ޲ҲмΣյģ޲ҪǳʲôĻǰܳܵסô
Ͼһ׼ַͥãڰݵĸ׵ѾԽԽģ˵䲻ΪĻ޲ڰеȻҪԼ࣡
޲ҪǳʲôĻƾŰ־嶯Ը񣬻ָʲôɵ¡٣ݱȻ
ԼĿŰôȻö룡ֻƾʱ޲ϰذԼӺۡȳȥһ飬ԼͲԹˣ
뵽ַвɵ¿ô˵Ҳʥĸ߶ȣԼżˮ׼ûͻƣͰﲻ޲ʲôæ
ʱ䣬Լȥصӣݻ޲صߣǾ˵ʱ仹ǰȫģ޲زȷ׼ȷʱ䣬ֻ齫Ļһο϶Լ뿪۶
ԼڷǱߴĻ˵Ҳµʱ䣬⻹˳ĹƣƽʱչʱܴеѾܲˡ
ټһЩѱ⣬Ʃȶٵа˸µʱ䣬г̵Ļµнӽһʱˡ
һ㣬޲Ҳַ֪ĵĽߣ˵һڵʱ䣬ǰȫġ
ǣ뵽ʱֲַ
Ȼһ֮ڻ㰲ȫԼֲǲص۶޲ȫԼٴηصʱٸԼŰ뿪ԶҪٴν۶ΪƫƫֻǰԼأ
ַ翼˺һûпǳһٴζһߣԼ֮ǰ˼·˼
Ȼȫڻдһ꣬ԼȻֻа˼۷ʵƾڵٶȣĻһ֮ʥû⣬ʱԼΪ˰ݣҲҪ۶޲һѣʱƾʥʵҲ޲Ϻˡ
һ뵽ﵽʥַ̲ס뵽Լĵ罣ϣڽԼΪʥǿߣ罣ֻı仯أ
޲ص˼Ѿ˼Ĳˣһǵ罣ϣֲַ
һʱ䣬Ϊ£Լʱԭ˺ܶ࣬ñ˯ߵʱһ£ʱ伸æµĸоЩˬȴû취
ڣΪԼļܸ÷չΪ˴ӦݵŵԽȢŮˣֻΪһ֮ܰ޲ؾһԼڱ붼Ҫץһһʱ
ǵַһ׼״̬ʱȻһôͻȻ뵽޲ô硰롱Լһԡ
ǲҪ̼һԼأ
ַԺͻȻðһ仰
ϾҪ̼ԼĻôòǰһʱԼ
Ȼ϶֪ԼڵٶȣԼֻ߹ݣҪ޲صĻʱҲң޲ؿ϶ҲϣŮһǳ¼ԣ޲ôԼǳڱԼһ֮ĿԼûУ
ôҪ̼Լֻܾܿһԭ
ǾԼȢ߰ݡ
ϾԼԼ϶ΣһڷǱߣԼȻӽæǱߵ飬ҲӴٽԼġ
ǣõôżôѵΪݵ䡰̫󡱵ԵʣȲҪѰݼ޳ȥ
ַΪ϶ûô򵥡
ѾԵԽԽɢõҲѾȫˣٷȥĻֻǵĲ²ˣûʲôݡ
ټȥҲ˷ʱ䣬ԣַ㳤̾һֻʱԼһε˼
۷ʲô飬ʥ£
ֻҪʥٷ¶һϡ
ͨһ㣬ַ㲻ٳɣץʱ״̬

ڶһ磬ַù֮󣬾ðȥ֪ͨѽҪ飬ȴûе飬ǸƸгϣĻԱĵһ֡
ϾץǰҪ
ò˵μӡԡ˱ҪϺüһģͰΧһɽ˺ַΪ˲¶ݣͨ˵Уһ·Ͼ΢Ĳͷţ١һ·źò׵ֳ
Ȼ˺ַܴȴομԵԽ࣬ԵģͨҲԽࡣ
ĵһѧϵռ⣬ⳡƸᡱʮֲִ٣ַҲΪĺܶûпȫ˵һĴ¶¶ַͨ˵Ҳûкܶࡣ
Ϊպܶʧܵ˻ȥ⹫֮ڣǰμԵ˱˲١
еڿʳʱ򣬱ֵļΪ򶨣ĻشҲѸ٣˳ͨһؿ顣
ǣЩ˻ûַ⣬ѧԵⱻǻشĺˮƽֻǻشǵ֡סԼĿꡣ
һֱ򶨵ˣַ統ȻͨȻЩ˵ıϿͲѿй©һһ֪⣬ȴ˱Ļش𣬾֤һ˸ûԱǱʡ
٣Ҳһ°ɣ֪⿴򵥣ȴͲԸ룬̶ȣַҲҪ
еȷҲˣЩֻϵˣһǱ̬ȣֻǵĻشʵַЩЦá
磬һڿʳ˭ʱֱӾŵĻشʡܶĳĳĳ
ᶨ
ش𣬲ɵЩѿĿĻַ磬ַشвЩݸʾ⿼ٲҪԼӦͿˡ
ټˣֻܲ˲ʵ
û뵽һΣ߻شһǲ˰ѺɼᶨصҴΰĹ
˼ڰʾּ⣬һΣǶˣַҲˡ
֮ڿʳҪȥֱ֮ӾʹȻ˵Ҹõĵطȥ
֮ǰͱʾԼʡܶʱ˵ҪõĵطȥȻǲԶ
ֱӾÿǲӵȥ
ȻߵشһˮƽĻش˼һǾ˼ǣҪǣֿţҴǿҰʾĻش𷽷ͨһЩرĳó
˵Ҳһ˲š
ԣַ˵Ļش֮󣬾ֱͨ˵һڡ
Ȼе˶ĳЩش죬ַ綼ǲȴ˵ţͷҲ
Ʃ磬һ߻ش𣺡Ҿң˭Ҳ治ˡ
ڶش𣺡һرңԶĵط
ǣ˵Ծ͵˽ˣΪûȿʳʱַͲͷİ˰֣ʾһάֱӰ澫һСĹŪļһϳȥʹһ١
ҪŪˣٹŪҲûһߣĹŪ鲻ûе˵θڣñʹһٵĳ嶯ĻǾ֤ѹͲˡ
ַ罫ʹһҲΪǷԭ򣬸ΪΪַ翴ѩħǼˣһǸһѵҲǸһ桪ط㲻ش
Ȼֻкٵһ֣˱ʹ֮Ƕžˡ
һЧʣַǳ⣬ֻһʱͨҪıȻкܴһԭΪй©Եʣ˼⣬˵һġ
ͨйؿʵ̫٣ҲַŵһҪ
Ҳֻһʱ䣬ȴʶһǳص©


ڰʮ ڸ߼Ժ
ûַΧƸϾٰʱִ̫٣͵¸涼һЩ©УҪģҲص©ûǰһͶķʽ
ȻַƸᡱǰһֻŸ𣬵ûصļܻƣ͵ܶѾ̭˽ֶظμԡ
һľ飬ȥ֮Ȼ˼ǣͬش⣬̬ϻǴϣԵñҪǿ࣬ΪľǣҪһصѶȾʹˡ
Ͼÿÿǰֵ˲ǲܶ׼ȷļסÿ˵ӣʱļ󣬿ǿ˼ֱһˡ
Ҫǽ쿴ĳЩϤף»ʶص⡣
룬һͻķǰʱкһ˿϶ڵһʱȷѡ񣬶ˣȴΪֻǲƵ飬˴֮Ǵľ
ǣ㹻ʱ䣬ôУֻһѡһȷĵ·
ȻҪҪĻʣԼ²ŵǷ侲
εƸᣬڵһʱͷӦһֶûͨģһʱ˼֮ͨͻࡣ
ǣһȻҲ˵߱һԱĻǵķӦⲢַҪ˲ţͨйؿʵַЩЦá
ԣȻظμӵˣֻҪĻشҪַһֻ۱һֻͨ˵һء
ǣȥҲǰ취ڶظμӵûͨˣܻܿȥ˼һ£μⳡԡ
һεĻᶼûͨǵͨˣҲûжַѽļֵˡ
Ҫǣ˿ٵĹңΪʱȵĹϵúܶԶʧȥᣬӶһЩ˲š
ԣھһĿ֮ڻʱַǰ糿ļ
ùַ֮뵽һİ취˹һ´ŵ֮ǰһǼǡĻڣñշѵƶȡ
УûСƬֶԣǵǼҲųԻķʽظμӿˡ
ַĵǼƶȴǲͬҪ󣬷ҪμӱˣǼǵݱļ米ͨ˿˵ĻǾͻרԱǰȥ̽ʵݣǼǵݲĻǾԵ۹Сƭһֱӹ۹ĴΡ
һٴӱϾųһԼֱˡ
»Щ˻汳ķʽظϾһҲͬῴĵǼϣȫסǸͲܡ
ǣֵַǼǷʽûô򵥣ʾ˵ĵǼԼΪص㻮ֳͬĴ򣬷ţֻҪרŵķԱظĵǼϵĻͬᱻдӦ
ңе϶ᱣãƸ֮ٽͳһͳһ飬һҪвظĵǼϣɻᱻץΡ
Ҳ˵ֻҪףܵӦϳͣ
ҪǣÿҪǼǱʱҪһıѣѵĶȲ󣬴൱ֱļǮȻȥҪظظɵĻҲһʲС֡
ƶȺ϶ΪһܴظԱ
ͬʱַ绹ӸۡгһˣҪǳԱʵʩȻ󽻸ٷ
ȻƶȻƣƸǵһΣʱڣ˻ܲи©ĿǰѾǿϸˡ
ԣȻΪͳƵǼһЩʱ䣬Чȴ˺ܶ࣬μԵ˿شҴҸû˵⣬һˣַҲȡյķֻҪ̬Ⱦַ߱еı׼ͨһصĿ顣
ǣƸ֮ǰǰˣΪַҪȥμӺᣬûֳšæµһĿٵʱҲѾЩͷۻˣַҲǰ˽ļļһʱٿʼ
Ȼʣµ˹ؿĽţַѾ뿪ɽԼʻźۡȥ
֮УַﲻɵЩڴһͨһؿ֮࣬Уд󲿷ֵ۶ܱ߳ˣһ˲סڷĵ۶ԵҲΪɾַƣͨпؿӦòǸСĿ
ֻҪļһ죬ļһ磬ҲļҪԱˡ
ȻЩ˶ûʲô飬һгʶˣǿһʡͲڻ¡
뵽ַв࣬Ҳͷϵһˡ
ͬЩһӦӲϾԴЩҵĿ٣ַΪħʦҲΪС¾ͲңҪȥμӺ磬ﲻɵҲ
ںۡ൱Լĸۡǿĵ̣ԼϺĲ⣬ַв
ԣȻԴѣץʱڤһ£ԳͷԱ侲
ۡʱ򣬲ٹѾǰĸۡΧǰַ縮ۡΧһ˸
ҪͨҪôӵ˳ϽȥҲһܲ׵飬ͨǶͣڱϣȻнȥ
ǣַȴնķԸ£ֱӿȥ֮ۡڡ
֮ôԸ̽һº̬ȡ
ƽʱǹԼۡ磬ΪͰһרŵġͣͣǰĹ嶼ʸֻͣͨݸ߹ͲͣŽȥ
˵彫ͣڸۡΧҲרŵԱ;䡣
һε磬ǱǸĿģַȻͣңھλϣַҲԶԶҪڿɭַ粻ͣҲΪ׼רŵͣء
ڿʼûΪ׼רŵͣĻǺȻͲö˵ӺǸΪַоּʲ󣬵٣ҲҪ̽һ¡
Ȼڽؽ˳ȥʱ򣬱Ϳ˲ԶרŵͣʱͣϿյģѵȺʱվԱߣȻǵַĵ
һԶԶѩħǹĿ˶ʱӭǰȥ
ƽʱòʱַҪͣ·˳䵱ĸ֣ſԼͣ
ַԽµķԸȴǣҪֱͣӿȥ
Ȼ֮ЩϸأַķԸװûˣôֱֱĳͣϼʻȥ
ԭ˻ԴЦݵϣ˲
ַ͸˵ɫĵײЩǸζ
ȷΪַ׼ͣԵ·ˣѾǸַӣϾ˻ҪкĿˡ
ַڿһĻʱʱ˲٣ֱý¿ȥԺ̽
ǳĸԼǸԼڡΪԲ⣬ֱ֣϶ӺĸϿó
һ̵ɫѿ֮ǰû뵽ԼֲΪһ㣬ַַ˴ġ
ֻǣǰԸΥԼߵˣַһֱǴźøеģʱΪˣҲ˵ĸӣֳֻܱʶ˵ӣΪʶǸַ磬ǵѾˡ
Ƚ½ͣȣַ߳ʱ򣬱㿴ӭǰˣѾٴθһ˿Цݣֻĵʵ뷨ʵЩѣʱϵЦʵǲôÿ
ַװµĶ˴һкûмǴĻӦǿɭ˰ɣ
ܼסСʵܳһ䣬бַӡеˣ仰ȻЩ䣬ȷһܳζ˵䣬ǲԸ˵ֱӾתϣѾʱ빫ɡ
ַ֮ܳڣɵЩ⣬ͬʱжںľ裬ַ˲٣ˣĻܳĸоȻֳģĻװһ¡
ؼǣóľǼװҪװģַ϶ڵһʱΪ˽˵Ը
˵ĺһ仰ַҲٶ˵˵ͷʾǰȥ·
ϾֻݸߵͲͬİˡ
ܿ죬ַУԶԶľͿ˺˳̸ӰƺһֱעַǷѾʱʱسԼ
һַĳ֣ʱͲߵ˽̸תһ廳εģæַӭǰȥ
ò˵ݼҪǿϰٱʱһǸ⣬΢΢һʮǸģַ翴̲סЩпԼǰǸַĻ»ܱ⸱ģƭ˫ۡ
ַ統ȻոΣȻĽ˺ĵǸίıʾҶǹ壬໥Ӧõġ
仰ͿĵĴЦ
ַΪ˴ͣڳߵˣ忴ַѺõĽ̸󣬾ͷ׷ӭǰȥ
ڹʾãַҲһһ˻ӦַЩЦõǣһεᣬͬǵŮ
һΣŮǱһδĸƯǸоһַЩðһΣǴĲӾ£һɬȴַֺ磬ǾӵĹվԭصģ˿ȥ̲ס
ҪǣʱѾתЩŮȴɴ˿˶̲ס嶯·һԶ԰޳Ĵȣ˿˾̲ס棬һȻ;վȴ⡱ַ磬޾ĵͦոƨɣֱַΪԼһҸ߼ļԺ
ỹǺ˳ľͿʼˣ֮պгУÿһ˼ֱᵽһּҵů
صǣеĹǾڲᵱʧ̬飬ͺûзһ㣬ȻҲἰյ飬ַԴй̬ȣǵһμġѡһȻʶ̸ȴڡ
ⳡһֱ˽ӽҹԲⳡ֮УûἰַļԱ飬ҵĻ󲿷ֶŮˡ׬ǮЩӪĻϡ
ֵһǣⳡСʱУַں彻̸ʱһʮλŮʮ˴ǡСġڵϵʮŮתһɲһ
ʮλŮܲСġĽѩħǹ˵ϡ
ַڰŮǼǵڵϵʱжʮһΡСġŮȹ׵ķ⡭
ڣַܾŮǰϴ·ʱĺƺۼζӲý²Ϊ𾴵ĹˣǲǱԻҩ
ַ복֮ǰһСԹȴֵĻXģΪʲôûڿֶ


ڰʮ ջ
ԶȺ̻ҪѤŮǣϣַʱ͸о˺ܶࡣ
öֵķΧеַܿ侲һֱ궯ģҲȴ
һεᣬַԺ̬ȲɵЩ⣬ԭΪͼ죬ȴ벻һӿʼʲôûз
ʵϣַΪԺǣһֱģ׼Ӧ䣬ʻ˺ַۡŵĲķ
ʱΪţҲٻѾϿǣ侲֮󣬾ץÿһӽ״̬
ص֮ۡʱٵسһ裬Ȼһɾ·һЩ˰ԴƣˣĿ˽Ѿ
£ַμ֮ǰѾ˰ȫȨ𣬴ʱַʱдϲæԸѽҰɡ
һ˵ţһħƵȵøһЩ̲סЩ˷ܣϾͨһֿ˵ܶ࣬Ǿ֤ͨп˵˿϶ȵһϺüյһͨһп˵֮࣬ͨп˵ӦҲӦжʮӽʮˡ
ңַƣ˽ٴڸԶطҲӦôֱϿԼļϢӱ޸Ļ콫ǲμԵ˵߷塣
ͨйؿܴﵽʮˣôͨؿ˺ܿǽһ٣Լʡǿתˡ
뵽һЩַво˲١
ַ֮󣬶һ£˽һַ磬㽫׼õͳƽݸǿ˾񹧾ˣͨп˵ԱϢˣУ󲿷ֶԵ۶ܱ߳򡣡
ţˡַܿµƣӹͳʱû˰οһ䡣
ǣͳϵĽʱȴסˡ
ϸϸһϵ֣㽫Ŀٴηŵһİϣŵôʮ߸ˣ
ʮ߸ʮȻֻвһ룬ϵϢһĿȻַһʶ⣬ϸϸһ飬־Ȼʮ߸ˡ
ַ仰϶ʱ¶޹ɫˣҲ֪ѽЩ˵ܶ˸ûһԱĻʣңҲкܶ˵ıɾҪôĳԶݣҪôĳһЩϵֺġ
ʵͨǰصʱ򣬻ʮˣڵĹأ߱ϸʵ̫ˣ󲿷˶ûгķӦ漴Ӧ󣬾ֻʣʮ߸ˡ
µЩַʱͳĬ΢˼֮Ϊʲôͨп˵ľֻôˡ
ȻȻͨһصܶ˶ַĹ⡰ˮͨģЩ˸Ͳ߱һԱĻʣֻʣʮˣҲ֮С
ͨһ㣬ַб̾Ϣһǰƣİ£΢΢˿֪ˣˣʱҲˣҲȥϢɡ
ǣˡ²սʿҲħʦȻַ磬æҹһַ⻰һæˣ˷š
дʱֻʣַһˣ˿ϵֺϣûҵ֮͸ɴֱһߣٴγ̾һ
Ҳ֪ٿҲûκôֻܰϣͺϣԣ߽֮ԡ׼ʼ״̬
ʵϣַܵǹӳ֮£ѾԸоԼĵ罣ķű仯Լżһ罣·һξͿҪˡ͡״̬
ָоַϤǵ罣һν뱥ͣӶͻƵһ
Ҫǣ罣ڽֻ֮΢ı仯ȥڵ罣ϵǲ㶷һ˲䣬ĳ̶ȱԭҪ΢ôһ㣬ؼǣȻ罣Ѿһԣġȴһ㶼ûʧ
ԭƺҪһЩ
ַĵ罣硱֮ûһʵԣҲ֪罣Ƿľͱԭȷˡ
ַԿ϶ǣ𡱵ǽڡԵĻϲݻģҲ˵ǵ罣ص㣬ԶҲı䣬ֻǵ罣ﵽһĳ̶ȴӶϵһĹʽ
оԼֿҪﵽ˱ַͣвҲһЩ˷ܣȻ֪ͻָ֮ġ𡱻᲻ᱻһδ֪ȡֻڡ𡱵Ļϣһ
µԿ϶ҪԵƻҪǿȻҲͲϡĹˡ
ҡҡͷַ罫Щ˼һߣӿռָͳʼ״̬
һҹ޻

ڶһ磬Ƹгɻ𱬣ַһѾﵽ߷壬˿̣˶Ծ˳ӣѺĵǼϢһͳԱ
쿼Ƕæµҹʱ򣬻˯֮У˵һصĿ٣ʣµؿȫַ硰衱ˣԣҲ˼Щˡ͸֧ΪԼ
ǣһʱַȥ֪ͨЩ٣żٶ˯һҲûʲô
ϾһֻҪϼ䵱٣ַˣͨںһҲˡ
ΪҪǣЩþ񣬲ܸõΪԼѡ˲š
ȻЩǶѩħǹ⣬ΪѩħǹѡԱôҪϣ˭˿иԣֻǱ˯Сʱʱ䣬ЩǾѾ½
һ죬ַ粻ȥμᣬͷҲû飬ƸʱֳһЩ
ҹ٣Ϊ΢һ¿ǵĸַ绹Ǻܺʱ˵ĽһƸ
ڼ䣬ʱ򣬰̲סеĺ棬͵͵ַһˣѯ޲ص׸ַ署ʲô
ַȻҲʲô飬޲ؼȻûи߰ݣȻҲ˵ƣ͸߰ݣ޲ԼʲôʱȢš
Ȼ֣˵ݵĸδɷ̸޵£ŮûκελʱҲǡ֮顱ͨŮĸзľʱʱǲŮʵġ
ҪǣŮĸΪԼŮģҲ͸¶ĳʱ䡣
ԣ飬Ҳˣ͵͵ܳģѯַָ֮Ͻ˻ȥ
ַһֹˣҹһͳƵĽʱ׼ɻǱЩķҡ
鲻Խľһ䣺쵰Ȼֻжʮˣ
ʵ˺ջ


ڰʮ һ
ʮˡ
ټʮ˺ǰˣҲֻʮ˶ѡ
ǿάʡеİʮˣһ룡
ɵַرջ𣬵ؼǣջûй
ỳǽĿǹϷŪԼԼÿ첻ǺóԺúȵţÿһʲƵĽңңԼӵ۶߲Զ֪յĹǡ
ЩǾѵһŮøַ˵ļɣΪ˴ﵽõЧַ绹ŮƵİɫħۣȻûħ䷢Ļ£ħʦָ߹ݵƷջЩԴ󷢵ˣ
ҪǣŮǿɶǴŮַĲǮ
Щֱַ磬ټַ綥ĵλûϷŪɣΪЩСϷŪ
ԣͨĶʮˣضǿǾϸĿѡγġ
ַȻջ𣬵Ҳֻܽ
ңҲֻܰϣİˡ
ΪǷ뿪ĵ죬Ҳַڵ۶ڴһ죬ĻӦþͻһܼʱַҲûڵ۶ﵢȥˡ
յˣ٣ֻڵ죬ҲǺϽ
ĵ죬ҲƸῪʼ»״̬һ죬ܸ˶ѾˣʣµҲֻбȴûвμԵˡ
Ȼһ죬ǾͲ֮ǰһæ͵ҹַ翴һʣ»ûüμԵĵǼϢһ㻹ʮˣʮ˾ÿһҪСʱʱ䣬֮ؿڰ֮ǰæѾǲˡ
ַ綮Щ鵱ϣԲΪЩ͵Ҫ飬ԣʱַϵֹͣ˼
糿̫ոճһֱæ͵磬ʣµʮ˸ˣһأһͨһһʮˣƸῪʼͨһ졣
ȻַΪЩżԵʣ˲ˮһַȴҲ
ʣµʱ䣬͵ЩרҵĿٿ˳һˡ
ַҲԤ֣Ȼһٶͨһأƣͨп˵ˣҲԲᳬʮˡ
жʮˣ֮ǰʮˣҲʮˣȻֻǿάʡеʮˣʮȴĹؼ
ʮǿһʡתÿѾְûоټְλ뵽ַֽ粻ɵгޱȡ
ԼջҪȥԺ˽˰
ַв̾һ
ǣƺӲġںܶʱ򶼻ÿ˵ϣַһҲ⣬Ȼ֪˳Ľһ޷һʡǿǶԴ˱һϣ
е鶼Ƚ֮˵

ʱ֣ѩħǼļԱĳϣɻΧһЩĲȺԶгϣһּۻ۵ĵ۶ڣһӶѲ߾һѲӡ
ôһ۵ĴԶĵ·ʻ˵۶ϵһرӣЩݣòȴӢֻǣһ޵ĺ⣬ȴžǧ֮ĸо
˸ͲǸָǽȴǽʵһһ׼սʿȻݣȳƽʵ͸΢紵ֳļ֤һͨ
Ҫģüɣ˿˲ȻĸоáӢ˲һҲΪ
ֵģһѿг۴ĸǶȣһͨô򵥡
˾ôӯĸһ֮˳ͨسʿļ飬ʻ˵۶ڡ
ʻ۶ûǸԾϣͷѯʿѩħǹĸۡʲô򣿡
شˣѩħǹ˵ĸۡǸ򡣡ʿһָȷķһ߹˵ֻҪֱʮҹʻʮӡ
ʿĻشòһ䡰ллͽصϡ
֮˳ѩħǹ֮ۡǰ
ԶԶģ㽫ͣһߣ˳˵һλ֮󣬲Żֱѩħǹۡǰȥ
ŵͿ򣬿Լ߹ﻹһѿгʱ򣬲ɵЩŵĴʵվסʲôˣ
ϵԼĽŲڸۡǰͣ£ҲϷ¶һ˿ƵЦݣӻͳ֮ǰسʿӵݹȥݵ鷳ת۹𾴵ѩħǹˣãҡרΪ˽ȼü֮ġ


ڰʮ ǰ
ͬһʱַ̣ķ֮У˿ַֻ̣һˡ
˲ãͷЩʪģϹһԡôɢڴϣԴһֻ첲һֻһʱǰ۲졣
Ǹղðģ¼Ž죬Ҳһͨйؿ˵Ա
ַıͲѿԱʵڲ⣬˫üıȥƺ̾Ϣһ㡣
ȷַȻ֪յĽ޷⣬һ̣̲סЩʧ
ϸϸ˺ü飬һֻʮˣ֮ǰʮˣʮǿάʡԱʮˣ
뵽ֻʮˣַвɵЩڣ͸ӦþٰⳡƸᣬ̶ֻ̼ʱ䣬ļʮˣ翪ʼĻ°ʮȫˡ
ûкҩ鵽ǰһַҲûκΰ취ûʱ⵹ֻܽǰʵ
һߣַŴɫɵó̾˿
šù͹ȥԺ˽һЩ˰ɡ
Ҳֻˡ
뵽ַ̲סЩ䣬䣬ҲܲȥţǼ⣬ǰֻš޲ؽˡһ·ûѡǰ£ַƺоѹҲû֮ǰеô
úõʰһ飬ַ緭Ӵ𣬵ǣոʹŵ
ˡ
󣬱һԴŵ˽ˣһ˵Ĺѣһһ˵רΪ˽ȼü֮ġ
ַҲȥ˭˲ͱĻ˹ȥ
ȣַвһ£죬ʶҲָ࣬ͷҲĹҪǺһ仰רΪԼȼü֮
ȻԼָ飬˵Լ󹫾Ƿ޵ģ˭Լһϵзգ
Ҫ˵ȼü֮飬¾ǰļ˲ŵˡ
鲻ҲȷѾüëˡɹؼǣԼġѡ˭ܰԼæ
һַ̣粻ɵɻæſںȽɡ
ǡ
£űƿӳһ磬ƽӹˣϣӡѩħǼı־
ֻǣһѩħǹƺЩţһͷҲ̧Ͱ֮ǰǸ˫ֹݸַ磬һ̣ȻҲЩͣˣǸ˵
֮ǰһ䡰ѡַĵһЩ䣬˿ǰЩ͵Ҳһ˿ů⣬ûж˵ʲôӹݹӣǰ۲š
ķʵأԵǶһߣ̻ŵ۹ȼյľ˫ͼַ֪ǵ۹ƹƣƹ岻Ϯ齨˽Ҳ޷ӵзأԣÿλƾλĹ壬ӵһӡ
ӵһַ̣ĵ׶ʱ͸һӰӷӱ˵ʱĵӿһŨŨ˷ܣͬʱҲһͷȻ
ַ̧ͷɻͷȥĹ͸ȥӭӣ
ǣˡϽӦһ䣬æַ߳ķ䣬ֻǣһ̲߳סЩɻ
ʵϣЩ֮ǾѧϰһЩҪ֪ʶһЩǶ磬ݹӣһ۾ϳǵ۹ƹơ
ŵһµʱ䣬Ϯ壬ֲûʵȨƹͲðˣԣݹƹӣҲûʲô
˵ǡѡ͡רȼü֮ûô⣬ΪʱҪύ˵ʵ̫ˣҲ
ǣǰӱϾλ壬Ų飬æȥ͸ַ硣
ȴ벻˵ķӦȻô󣡶ҡ˾Ȼ˵ȥӭӡ
ùӭӵˡССû
һ̣вһ˼ŸôĵźǸˣһ߸Ͻſȥκε顭

ڣȥַ֮ȰڴϣϽԼͷɣȻһ״żΪʵ·һͷ֮󣬲ϵӣ˳ȥ
˵ǡ򡱣ַ֪϶ԼʻģһĹӦòŸոհϽãǣֱӳۡڵǵķ첽ȥ
ȥǳǣȥǰԶġͣסۡϺԣǺרŵֱͣۡߣǽһмֻһΧǽΧ
ʱַͣﻹŵﴫĶζǣĳüͷİѵһ֮͸˲١
ǣǻ޵ζڿַ綼˼˵ͣԼͣ
ҲҺãĿǰûжʸܽͣѩħǹۡͣڣµĹۡڽ죬ַҲûа˼ڸۡĶ档
ԶԶģַŵдǹɵȳζʶıüͷոմ͵֮ʱŵüͷʱչ
¼ӿ˼ǸЦΣҵѣû뵽Ȼ㰡
һ˵ţһ߰ӳ˹ȥ
οַ磬϶ʱ͸һ˿Ц⣬ִӿнԼƣĮһ˿ů⣺ҵѣ̶һ²û뵽Ѿ˵۶ܱߵг·ϵʱ򣬻һݹֱæĽͷö
ǰͷϵʵ̫ˣң׼ҪȥҵķؿˣٲȥĻҵʡͼ̱ˡ
ַûжʲôȻڱϿģʵĲĮǼظһˣ·ϵĲд裬ַ˽⵽ξֵ͵ȵˡ
ֻǰμ棬ȴַоƺЩˣֹͶ֮䲻־ǧ֮ĸоȻĮУȴεϸоһɴǰйĴݺţƺ̶һµʱ䣬Ϸ˾޴ı仯
ַ粢ûֱӵƣ˵ʱ΢һ£ϸֳҵ飺װΣҺ켰ʱϵҪһĻֻȥʡˣ
ַ磬ò˵ǸֱǺöԭڵ۶ĳһֱ˵Ҫ̣ҲŸϽӱ޸˹
ξȻĵ˵Ļ˵ʱ΢΢ǣǣҵѣұ㣬εæ˼鶼ҪˡΪθӵмǿרҵ֪ʶԱǿʡתȻвûܶѡǣڻûĻŵĻҵҲΪṩһʵѡ


ڰʮ ķ
ݶţ˵һΣ˵ǸֵƸֻٰʱ䣬롭۶Ȼ˲żüãרָӦòɣʱ䣬ҾҲֻļǿάʡѡɣ룬ҴרҵԱӦܽȼü֮ġ
һΣεŵĲȷȴɴݣԭֱر
Ҫǣ֮ǰһɵַоЩ⣬Ȼֻ˵˾䡰Ĳ֮ڣȴַоΪѵá
ֱӱ⣬ַвӿһ𾪣ٸרҵԱŪģ
ûȱɻ󣬶ɫ֣صΣҵȻȻļһЩ˲ţڣȴǿάʡңǶûѧϰһЩרҵ֪ʶֻⷽЩ츳ܸٸרҵԱҸеǳҲǳϲҲ֪ٸˡ㶼ǴŪģ
˵䣬ֲַһ䣺϶Ǹйأ
ַļǵãεȿһλ񰡣һλļ壬ڰص϶ûô򵥣˵Ҫ̨ϵ۹Ҫǿ࣡
ԣһЩרҵԱҲַ֮С
Ͼûеڱֲ峤Լ϶Ҳûô˲ţܳרҵԱҲ峤
һַ̣粻ɵЩɣѵμ屳λ֪ԼͽĹϵзĸӡԼŹԼ
Ļ˵Ͳһ߸ϵõԼͨ
һַ̣ԽԽоҲͷԣԼ˵棬ϲɵúεĸŨŨɻ
ַ֪дһʣ̾һ˵ַ磬㻹ǵǰڹ﷢𣿡
ַʶһ£漴ͻ򣺡˵
ǵġһģȥ˼ϤĮȵģһֱûǣҵĸҲûǣһȥΪ۹ѩħǹϢ߸׵ʱҴҪ˲Ż㡣
˵ε϶ʱ¶˼ΪɫҲ˵ϽܵĻרҵ˲žģҡڴ˺Ҳѡļ塣
һ仰νһذըֱӾַĵը
ַû뵽֮ܵõһӴ֧֣Ϊ֮ǰһ£ȴû뵽ǰµȻڽôķյ˹ʵ
ؼǡ߱רҵ֪ʶԱжԼĻεļ룬ʲô˼
뵽˴ַüͷΣҺܸмܸҴô֧ԮҲ
ĻȻû˵ȴ˼΢΢ЦЦڵԸģңҲԸҸȥ峤λãȻԸҲ壬ԣʱ䣬ҲøʲôְλõĵҵĵطֱӷԸҾͿˡ
ΣԶѹϵַԭί϶ʱ¶ĵЦݣлл㣬ҲӭѩħǼݾӣԺлĻϣȥһˣʾҶԲĸл֮⡣
϶лġ
Ҳ¶Цݣʲôæ˵˲һ·̶ӵͨǹصģ˵۶Ϊ˼ٲҪ鷳ڱҰ˵۶һСϣпգ̿ԸϹȥ㿼ЩˣֻҪСʱʱ䡭ˣһ˿˵֮ţȫʸĻţûкʵܶѡڹ۲һʱ֮ȫְܶλ
šǾͲˣҪļЩǿ౶ȷӦǰȥοһǡַ˵ͷ˼һ£漴ɣҲʱˣ֮ǰʵڲ֪Ҳûǰ׼ʲôھȥó׼׼ٰù֮ȥ˵ǸС򿴿
ŶҲһεЩ⡣
ַ֪β֪飬ʱЦЦѾҵˣЩǵȹٸ˵ɣͣǲԶȥҿʳûˡ
ֿ˾һ죬ҲܳһֻܡβɵҲˡ
ֿڵݿɲһˣǼԭһУҲֻȷϢҲ̫˽ˡ˵ֿˣַ粻̾һٶ¶ЦݣЩȴò͵ʱϸ㣬ˣڻ𣿡


ڰʮ ټ
֮ѯʰַȫǳòϾδٶ˲ţ밬ֱӵĹϵǳڶѵʺҲӦѯһ°
ǣ֮ȴǾô嵥дĵ˵ͷ󣬶һ䡰Եһ¡תأԳ͵ȥ
ַʶĴһ£û⣬ĿȴҲεת֮ϣǣ͵һתĿʱ򣬾ͿӲ֪ʲôʱһǡ
УƺһһֱôԼεһһԼȴΪ޷ûע⵽
һʼΪʲôʻһǰϾһֻҪһƥ㹻ˣڸոտεһ˲䣬ַҲǹǲǻʲôˣһ̸ͱʱԴ档
Ҫǣζ̸ôõĻˣҲӦһˣϾԼĵ̣ΪˣҲӦһԼò
ַȻЩڲô⣬˵ķٶоЩ֣ôؿȴ˵ĳ֡
߽֮ûþ˳ַԾǣٴ߳ʱ򣬻ȴǱһˡ
׼ȷ˵ﱧŵһӣӿȥƺֻͨľΣһë̺Ϊһʶȡ
ֻ֮ϣһɫ·ˣһͷ糤λŮԣ˿̣ϱַ磬رţһһسַ˹
ַ翴Ůӵ飬һʱͲµŮӵݡ
ʱҲѾߵַǰؽϵŮӷڵϣת泯ַ硣
ڿŮݵһַ̣粻ɵüͷԾĽ˳ô
ǰϵŮȷǰʱȥϵѾʧ٣Լ°ͼϰ͸ļɢһζ
һɫ·ÿɰݣȥ˵΢΢ͷƺЩַ磬ҧ´˫ֽһۺɫ鼮ַ鼮ϵּע⵽ⱾǡѩħǹԴķۺ档
һַ΢΢̧ͷַ磬¶˼ɬ۵ȴŵϲãɤ֮УЩ󣬲ַһĶҴ϶͸ȥԭ飬Ҳ׿˵ǡлĻܲ׿ڸһأ
ַӡΪݵԵʣ밬ӴĲ࣬ǰܾ˰һιͬ͵֮ٽԣ԰ô˽⡣
ǣȼԼ˵һȴַӡеİЩĹۣŮʱ䣬ƺǶһЩֺ񾲣Լȴǳһ¡
ƺʱȥûŮתٰ
ַϲûбֳʲô˿صȻԡҺ֪Ϊʲôᡭϣȡ
ַһ仰ЩŹ֣˵Ҳûм˵ȥʵϣҲ֪ʲôԼ飬ϾһˣԲһϣôϱ
ַͬ⣬жʱ¶ϲɫ·𲢲ԼĿǰ״̬ڽԼ飬վ̾Ϣһȵ
ʵ֮ǰڹ°֮״̬һֱ̫ãǸʱôʼն޷˿ֱգҲֻͣʵˮ׼ϣҲ˸ְ취ʼնûЧ
һαҵؼ壬ֱ¾ðѧȻѰ˼صأص֮󣬰˾޷Ҫ۶ȥѧҪѧԱ˵ױǩż۶㣬׾ҴŰһУ·ϣѾָϰɣò˶ã°Ҳɻˡ
ַͣлȻͬʱҲ˵ͷμıһλַҲο˵ļصأֻѧ۵ʱо̲סЩɻ
˵һλļ壬òѧԺļܵõõһʲô⣬ҲڵһʱõľԮ۴ĸǶ˵ǰѧԺһõѡ
ǣϾμ˽£ַȻɻ󣬵ҲܶѯʣǣͽŰѧ飬˵ȥѧȥԺ˵һ£Ժ˽Ⱜ󣬲ðȥܽڣҪǣǿ뿪طɣ죬ٴȥҿĻԲˡ
˵ַ粻ɵüͷ
ַ֪޲صĹϵЦЦһ䣺Ǿ鷳ˡ
ȻҲ˽ַ޲صĹϵַ仰۵׶ʱ㸡һʧ䡣ַװûпı飬˵һ䣺ҵѣ̫ˣ˵ˣ뿪طɣ
ŵ˵ͷʹһɫָ֮ͬ˳ذӣַʾһ£뿪˳ζͣ

ڼ䣬ַĿߴ٣ŵϲٶȺܿ죬ǰϰڷŸ־µĲȣҲ硣
ˣַ硢κͰ֮⣬ˣѩħǹԴϿ࣬ҲνСݲɵЩ棬ʱ౾ˣǰʱһ
ַ绳ֻǣһƯŮӲסԼҲĴ˰ۣҲֻǹһ򣬾ֱϵʳ˹ȥ
˵Уǵԭһˣϰڼԭһее棬ȻȻľ˵ϱߡ
ֻ˵ĻⶼһЩѪȺͽţһЩܰ뻳
˵ֿ˵ʱַĻ֮鲻ԽЩֿ꣬˵ġͷڴַֿ˵ļ֮Ҳ̲סЩп˶ʶȤûм˵ȥְѻתڼԭϡ
˵ֵܺշ򸾣һֱͲ˽ɵôΪԾɱϾ鶼Ѿȥˣ󣬾ǳԾҲ˸֮̾󣬻תѪߵϣΪУַҲֻǼ򵥵һᣬ
ǣڰ˵ȴζȻѾεĿܶ飬Ҳѩħǹ鼮Ͽ֪ٱ飬׿ַ籾˽ȴһζ
Ͳûг೤ʱ䣬ַ绹ҪȥǸСο˲ŵԵʣ˳Ա֮;͵˽
ͼ䣬ֵļΪ񾲣һ仰ûв죬Ŀһֱַ˵Ͻ󲿷ʱ򣬻Ǿ۽ַϣʱôδ֮УҲеЩʧ䡣
ж㣬Ȼַܸǰȥᰲο˼֮󣬱Ͷ˹ۡ
ΪַӣﻹкܶҪæͽַ֮뿪
ַ࣬統ȻҲСУ߰ο˼䣬֤ȻһˣС椰ġ
ַ򵥵ʰһ£һŽ¼ʻĺ˵ǸСʻȥ


ڰʮ ¸ۿϵȺ
һΣַȻǺַ֮ǰΪȥ׼һһûѩħǼ־
ûѩħǼı־ַΪ֮Ϊڵ۶Լ۶ܱߵĸϣѩħǹʵ̫󣬶һǰȥֻΪӭ̶Ϊݵ˲ţԣַ粢ûЯκεгϣֻΣˡ
ҲΪ̫ûЯκĳѩħǼ־һ·ϻǵС֮󣬱һЩǳݵȺΧۣǿɲǶôõһζ
ԣַ絫ÿҪ˽ֲ㱩©ݵʱ򣬶һԼһЩҪ鷳
˵ٸ˲ڵСΪС򡱣˵СֵʱַʱЩȡ
ҲΪʲôԭֻΪСһЩ顣
Сλڵ۶Ķ򣬾۶ңԶҪǣСʵ۹һҪۿڣ۹ҪһԱ򶫵ҵ˺Ӿ;С򣬶Ƥ⣬ֻǹκħ޵⣬Ҫ;˺ӡ
ҪģС뷱ĵ۶ܽԱĴֻͣж̶͵۶ʡʡʱʡͳɱġ
ԣÿ춼вҵֻͣۿڣҵΪƵС֮һ
Ҳ˵õķ˰ֻӵв˿ڵСŲڵ۶ķΪ˷̶ӣС򾭵۹ͬ󣬻޽Լ׵ĳǽȻϵ۹涨ı׼ǽ߶ȣӵгǽѾԳƵһСˡ
Ҫ֪˽£˵ĿСΪ³ǡ
ַСԭ򣬾Ժ׼ΪЩ㣬ϾɲŹľ޴󣬶ɽկ֮ҲҪ޴ҵϣңַһֱûǸĪƵӶų׼ԺлʱǰԭȥϵλųһЩԭϵ⡣
ڽӴַ֮ĵ׻½ɫӶţһΪЩ׷ڸ˸е壬ΪҲһЩԾ⣬Ҳǰ޲еźϾҪΪԼһҪں飬Ҳ쵼ӦþΡ
ȻҪһ㻹ǵġڵģַҲڰһԸ
Ƚ˺飬ȷյʮ֮֮ʱٽɫӶȫա
Ͼһɵ׷壬ҲӦɵȥ쵼
ɫӶҲԲ٣
ǳڽ㣬Ҫĸۿڶֵַ绨һЩһֻǣû뵽δαװ̶ӵ˲ţȻѡ³Ϊŵ㡣
ַҲֻ΢һ£Ϊʲôѡ¸ۿڣϾٸ˵ĶҲһСĿһ·Ǿǳأⲻ˱̲һҪ۶Ļǿ¾͸Ҫһۡ
³ۿڣÿ˿ڶһ޴֣̲鷽棬ĳǳؾҪиࡣ
ַ¸ۿڵʱɫѾ
ܿԶۿɻвæµӰϦ£ŴӴжĻ
ͬڵ۶ķ֣¸ۿڳæµķΧ
УдԶĴҲһɻˮĺζʱʱİ˹Ŀں븽ŮǵߺĽ֯һչײʿճ
ַĳ֣û˵ע⣬ƽյʱ򣬳ǰӲġϰ塱Ҳһ¸ۿڣѾǼֲֵˡ
һЩע⵽ַ·ӣƺЩ͵˴ϰǴĳоȵġ
ַδ֮󣬷Ը֮˱㲢糯ŵķȥ
һ·ϣһ߶ַеһЩ˲ţһҲû˴ǸѵٸȻ߱ǿרҵ֪ʶȴûκξ飬ңÿ˶ԼóֻҪһʵĶᣬһܳɳΪϸԱ
ҵѣô᲻ءַЦЦңЩӵרҵ֪ʶûκξҪˣҲڸͲӵκξˣǴ඼Щϵôȥñ˵ء
شҲɵЦЦַ署صˣҲͨεĽܣַףЩѧϰݳ˴󲿷ģнѧѧʷԼϵ
֮Щȫ͸ȥҪģֻһһЩΡַе⡣
ַע⵽λᵽһ־ǡ˵ȻĿǰֻжʮ꣬۸棬һȺ˵Уǳ͵ٮٮߡ
εĻ˵ʵھ֮š
ַӡκٿˣȻַҲоЩ仯ԼġοҲֻǡòһ·޿ڲˣַжʱͺ
ǿҵĺ֮£˵ĲҲӿࡣ
ǣڿҪߵŵЩù֮ǰ˶ʱͿһЩŭֻǳصײϴӸù߳˾۳һѣֻʮ˾һ
ַ绹ЩƵʱͻȻüͷӿ˽µĲһ߳ЩȺȥһߺǲǳʲô飿ڸʲô


ھʮ ı
εȺȺ˲ͬʱعͷˢˢΣЩŭֻǼеϣһ˿㵣а־ϲ
ֻһ˲ȥ֮˵ϲɵöһأú濴ַ粻һ̲סѲʲô飿
ȻȺ˾οееһַ֣绹ע⵽ЩŤεʱĿȺһһۣЩҲһʶĳ£Ȼһ˹
ҲЩɫЩԣӿŲӭǰȥҲصôˣôˣ
үղõȷǳһ飬ټԲߣ˾ͺöˣʵžûѶˡ
ߣѹûںַЩ
ЩһĸоĲ㣬ֵ͵һͷɫľȥһ㣬ֻǣϵ侲ĳţվΧżȺ֮ԵЩۡ
ЩϸϣַͲѿӦһС壬ǸĿСͷ졣
׳ʲô飬˼ҪĻɵüͷ
꣬ҲοеĴͻȻ̾˿ȻһַۣͣƬ֮󣬲ûлشεĻǳŵүȻˣǻǻط̸ɡ
ָ֮˵̫㣬ʵϣһΪĽԶͷһЩ˹˵ĺֻڸΧȴַֻһˡ
ȻܿԶĴſȥַ磬ȻַһֱһȺˣεĽĿ˴ϣַһֱԼʱȴûг˵ЩʲôֻǶ˵ط̸
ƽ˵ϣ㲻ѯʣ˼ҲԱڴмˣѾַͶȥ˾Ŀ⡣ɫƽȴҲƽֳţ·ֻ˵һΪƽ飬Ҳû͸¶ĵ̬ȵ˼
ݽ侲ѾԶԶˡ
ֻƺǲûע⵽ַǸһģΧҲΪ֮ǰ鲢ûעַ磬Ȼַһ·ݲ򵥣ʱȴûѯַ硣
ƽʱûʲô飬ЩֻǴ϶ѯַݣǣڵȻû˵ֶΪַİ˲ʲôɴֱӽӣѡܿˡ
ַȻЩӣȴǸо⣬Ȼ֪Щ˵׳ʲô飬֮ĬͲѿȺ˵ˡ
Ļʱ͵˵ͷǰżǰûڵһʱַ磬־ٶʧ֮ڷӦæŴ˵˾䣺ȵһ¡
˵䣬תַȥдǸ⣺ǱǸڵһʱǽ㡣
ûʲôҵѣ顣
ַȻһ㣬ΪݵĻᣬԾ˵ݹ۲һȺ˵ıֻ֣ᣬǿǼΪѵõģϾЩֳ֪֮ľٶǾΪ֮ˡ
ε˵ͷûٶ˵ʲôæվַתԴˣΪԭ΢λѩħǹˣҲǽЧҵĶԭصǰοǵģ룬۳ʲô飬йڣԶԲġ
οһñӣַ粢ûиоκ쳣ҪûʲôĻ򵥵οһЩҲͰˣڵһμ飬ΪЩδʳĸͶͷ˾ȻӦȥΪЩ˽ңҲһõĻᡣ
ǣַϵĵ˵ͷȵҲ֪λʲôһᾡȥңȻޣԲҵ˳һƿ
ַ仰ϺͿ϶Ȼ֪׳ʲô飬ܲܣҲ˱̬ȻҲػص˼ȥ³çһֽһжĵĸо
ԭЩȻҲַĴϿݱضȴû뵽ȥΪ˾ȻԼԺЧҶ֮ǰûпѩħǹһЩϣǵĳ֮ڣǻֹһѩħǹԴ
Ϊľڼַ֮ǰ˽һԼλ˵ƢѾһЩϣǣѩħǹԴݼûжõļֵЩ˱Ͼѧ֪ʶڷ˼ҳ˽е֮һߣֻһӡˢѩħǹФ
ؼǣӡˢޣҲûʵУȻϵĻ濴ȥݣΪǶȺͿƵ⣬ʵеַž޴Ĳࡣ
һνܣЩ˵ʱ㷴Ӧ˹Ϊ׵ĴϾ㵵ɫһ漴ٴæǰҪַ񣬵ַ粻֮±©ݣɫֹסɫȥ̸ɡ


ھʮһ ǿ
ַȻûж˵ʲôȻǸˣ⣬һ䣺ǡ
󣬴תȥŽΧȺ˵˹£ҶȻظԵķȥɣһʵ˵ò˶ܽˡ
Щ˵Σ仰ַİʾ⣬ȻϻһЩżܿ͸ԷԼķ䣬û˿ԥ֡ӹ̬ȣַ簵Щզࡣ
һɫŶӱȻһλɫ߹ˣȻᣬȴܷڣӷŷЩϸͲѿóϴͶֳ֮ĳءϽҲǣʱַðһ仰ֲ˵ʺܶλá
Ȼ۵ġ֮šַ绹ȷϾǶô˽
Ⱥɢȥ֮󣬱㵽ĺ˹æַ˹΢΢һ񣺡ˡ
˹΢ݰƤЩڣȥȴܽ׳ͷһ˿ϵĺҲεĺܸɾֻǣͷϵһЩĵ䣬Ȼ򶨣ַ绹Ǵһ˿С
ַ绹ע⵽һ΢΢Щףϵ·Щġ
Ȼ˹ַߣæܵˣ鷢ں˹ϣҰ
ַ˼ĵ˵ͷ˵ɡ
⣬˹ʹһɫں˹Ĵ֮£ַ˺˹ķ
һͨùݷ䣬ԳƵǼªûжôݻİ裬ԼֻвʮƽףһЩرĴͳԵЩӵ
ַȻҲЩЩΪʲôסôªķ䣬û⣬רŴͺ˹ŷ顣
εļ򵥽ܣַ˵ʵ״Ҳαһ򵥵ӡ
еĲһ˲αеһԱʵϣǸεļûκһѪԵϵ
ǣһЩΪȺַӡеġʦָʦűʵ
ȣȫһ𣬿˵γһС䣬ǵμǽˣڸμϵϵȵһЩ֪ʶһʹӣȴҪʹӵݸߵö࣬Ӯõϵϵأ˵һ˵ȵλܸߡ
ʱǨαĽ͵㣬θ׵һϵֻһŮ
ʣµϵҲʱĳнɢ˴½һЩˣҲͳʵġˡȻαĵλû䣬ʵϣȴļΪࡣ
ؼǣȻó򣬵ڵ۹ԱƵѡ֮£ǸûκλᣬƽʱܴεļܵһЩ֮⣬ֻпֵάֻճ
ǣЩһֱͼǵȵĽ̻壬֮ʣҲûз֪ʶҵ
εĸַΪ󹫾֮ÿǵһȺ˵ϣȻַʽųáɣվĸǶϽõķʽһ½⡣
οеļҲûַеôǿһ׼Ĺû壬ձȻѾûĲӣеɲСӡ
αļȴʽȻһһõó֣ڵ۹Ĺ˵̫Զ͵£һȺ˻չ˵ˡ
ԣ˽ַ磬ܽԼʽתĴ⣬Ҳѧãַܽȼü֮ʵһһʯ֮ߡ
εĻ˵Ⱥ˵ȷḻҪֻһʵĻᡣ
־Ͼȵ£Ҳܱ֤ҳϡ
ԣͶ뵽ѩħǼ֮£ʵõѡ
ôһܣַҲΪʲôԴ޿ڲΪεʦ׻ûѧԺʱͽ̻˵ĵԼ侲Ĵ̬ȡ
εʵϸ׸硣
ȻҲΪЩ˼ͶַԵʣʵϣһǰܶ඼ϼҴڡ
ᣬûнӣĸĸҲǽԣûЯκμ
ǣ˹ȴһ
˹ʮ꣬Ϊ侲棬óѧμԭȺܶΰĽǺ˹ȴͷġ
ҵǣ˹ĸĸͯʱ͵òȥˣҲȢӣ֪ǲӵ˻ǱȢһλƤ׳ľƹŮӣǣȴҲڸʣºӵʱڴѪһγͶַ磬ֻܱѡ˿ʮŮ
飬ͷŮϡ
˵˹Ůܶ£ƽʱ˵Ҳǹɣֵ׼ͥĺӣǴľǿҲһұľǿֻʮŮеԨ
ˣڰСʱǰҳɹʳ˿ڴû뿪磬ĸۿڸеܺ棬ǣҾʹȥͷͣĴֻŸߵͷϣһĹϷҵŮ
˹˵飬һֱ侲ɫҲת䣺ȻֻһСԲµˣʱҾֹǸΪǸĹȴ˰֣˳嵽ҵǰһȭʹҵϣ˿ˣܹ
ź˹һַҲľ
ʵϣֻһͨġϷ
ں˹ŮһƤڣĸǰһۣȻͻСȴǸӣüΪˮ飬ΪǸĵϷں˹˴һȭ󣬰˿ż֮æ˹ȥǣǸĹȴһץס˰˿ĸ첲Ըſ
˿ȻףԸȴܾǿĹץԼţ٬Ǿͺԥ˦ǸĹһơ
һưĹˣ˿ȴһ䡰Զ㡱ͳĸ˹ȥ
߳ŭ֮£˺ݺݵẺ˹һ٣Ȼ˹ô׳ϾûоκͲЩ˵Ķ֣žͱ߷˵ϡ
ɰ˿ʱȴûоţСС͵ĹŹĸף͸뿪
ĹЩⰮ˿ľٶ벻СŮȻ԰˿Ȥǣŵԣû˴˹˿Ҳͱˡ
ˣȾҿŮɣֻʮ갡ܹɺܶ£ûʹĸ׵ʱչңһŮҪڱ̣ˣһӶû޸һ˼ˣ
˹ڱгһҵĸӣڸĸʱûе£ȥʱҲûе£ڣȴôˮͨһ£ַǰЪ˹ˣˣֻҪܾȻذ˿ԸΪū


ھʮ ʲô
ū
ײ࣬ںܶʱĵλ磬ĹûбнˮÿյͶѱ֤
ǵÿҲιţţȻҲΪͶĶȴҪū֪öٱ
˹Ͽȥǽ׳ͨľҲӿ´СģַǰһԶλũ񹤡
ũ񹤣ַУһֱһʥȡλãȺʢĻ϶ΪеĽ費Ŭʵֹۣͷһ;ֿ
ɾôһȺ򵥶ʵˣȴ۸ǰһַûȥܣһΪһµķŭַҲӲ
ң˹Լˣ
ĸ磬İ࣬ϷŮǸŮĹ壬ģ
ңֶŮΪַȵľһĴ̣شַʹĵط
꺺˹ӵʹ޽ַѾѹŭ
ú˹ȥūⲻʵʡ
˵ӾͨѧһΪõ˲ţƾԼˣ¾͸ùַܣ
꺺˹һ̣խķڣͬʱ˳Ĭ֮Уֻк˹˺ѷεĿ޺쳹䡣
ԴΣȻͷԲϾֻһͨˣλϽʵޡ
ԵΣȻɫĺݺһȭϡ
ַ磬ں˹ͨһµʱæڵһʱ佫ǿѹеŭƽˣ˹زʶҪ֪飬Ҳװ֪ң㻹ҵˣȥΪֻعңҲΪֻعһЩ۸ͷ˸صĴۣ
һԵַƽжʱͿһַദ֮ãƽʱоַ˶ܺȴоַһŭƾڵĵλʵ£ϸûжٹܳסŭ
˹ַ粢Ϥһַͬ飬ϵɫʱһձַĺ̲סһͨ£˸лллˣлл
Ҳ̲סһȻЩ˼Ϊַˣ±ϾͶַ֮ǰң±Ͼں˹˵˽£ַ粻Ǳ֣ܣ˵ַһֵͶˣ
ܶһʱ㣬ΪµʱһЩ飬һܲܵģ˽£ӹʣ
һʲô
ʱЧҵ˿ϰͷ
һ̣ĵӿůоǰѩħǹǾֵһЧҵĶ
˾ȵĥϣȻкѪԵϵģΪ׾ݣﻥԵʣȴͬ㣬Ҫ飬˿϶ӲԣַӦﺺ˹һ˲䣬вɵҲһο
ǣοοܿҲӦ˹ʱҪĸͲǸпǣһƽһԼģæ˵ˣں˹彫֮Һܿ֯һЩǰȥ̽ǸݣүյʱһЩɳȥ֣̽
˵ԥһ£ŵҵȺңûаˣЩɳȥϢͷԶ侲Բй©顣
˵ɣ֮ǰôġַ˵ͷԴĴе⣬ڵһʱ䲢Ҳû嶯侲֯һЩʵ֣ɵĲ̽õϢݷӦ˵Ƶˡ
ϾշʱЩңΪһ˻ܱͷȥ㣬ͬˣȴױŭͷԡ
ΪЩ˵ͷˣڵһʱ䣬һ侲ͷӦѾѵˡ
ַ֮Ĵ̣һҪ˽һеϸڣϾ˲ͬںܶϸϣϤ۶벻ʲôȴԣڵڶַ뿴ˡ
ǣˣʱޣֲϵ̫ãֻȥһͷϵİ˹ˣϾʱЩҲֳȻҲ飬жһЩǻϵõġ
Ҳַ翼˼ʱϵԭֻܳ˵˵ʱ΢΢̾һԵЩΣһȥȴʧ飬Щ˹ǣԼϣͲ͸¶Ǹݡ
˵صɡַҲ֪鵢ʱԽԽãæ˴Ļ
ǣˡùһЩЧ֮Ҿú˹ǸĳصˣȥۿڵͷΪҾãһ壬֪ݵ˱Ȼ١
ĴǺСģϾƽݺ͵λ˵߸ϵĹʱ򣬻ǲֻ̫һݴݣ˵壺ʱ仹̫ˣۿڳҲ̫Щɳȥˣڻûл
仰˵ʱͻȻһԴ˷ܵһˣҽȥ


ھʮ 
νֵļʱԴ˷ܵӦǴõϢ
еˣʱҲɵʶľͳſ˹ȥжһ˿ϣĹâ
ȽУڽ֮󣬾ͰѷŵĲˣ˿̣Ҳʱŵ
ˡ
ŵȻ󣬵Ͽ죬ƺסе顣
˱ִߴٵҽȥʲôŰǣ
ȥƺЩֱڿ죬ַͶȥһǸ񣬼ַ˰ֱʾ޷֮󣬲ųſȥһߣһߵǣע󡣡
˵ţҲôš
仰һ°ǣɰƺû˼һ߽ڣһߵȥѾá
һˡδ˵ڣȴʱסˡ
ԭͲ˾һԵЩӵһּ˰һ߶ĵطˡ
һҲȻȻĿڵˣû뵽ķȻôˡ
κͺ˹Ȼʶǣȴʶַ磬ԭڵһʱ䣬񣬵λϣŻ󣬿ƺԼͲ󣬵ȴĿַʱɵЩԥˡ
Ȼûм棬ַĴ磬ǸλãԼ˹̬ȣͲ뵽ֻ࣬Ƭ֮䣬뵽Ҳޡ
ַʱҲ˰ǣϿȥƺֻʮ꣬ϵδѣһ˫۾ȥƽ˼ֻ顣
ڰǽ֮ϷţϽٴβ˲æǵߣɫǣλѩħǹˣ˴רǰοЩ£ղ˻㱨˹飬˵Щǰȥ̽ͻˡ
λַݣͬʱҲ˵ַ⣬ԼԸ˹顣
û뵽ѩħǹ˲ªķȻԸԼЩ˽˽£жʱ˲ٺøС
ȻͲ󣬵ȴǻ飬ʱ˴ԼϽѩħǴ󹫻㱨̽Ľڴµһ̣æַһ֮дһأǼˡ
һԵĴҲܺʱ˵Ĳһ䣺ǽȻֻʮ꣬óȴ顣
˱ϾǡַһĻҲ̫˵ȥˣңҲίĶַͣȻǸֱڿˣȥԭΪġ
ַʵϿʼ԰ǵӡ󲢲ãϾôȥֵˣʵǲʺĳЩǶԼ֮ʱЩ⣬֮˴Ľͣǰһ
飬Ҳ˵ŶַôҪֻ˵óˣҲ˼ϸ壡
Ǵϻ濴˼ôϸ壬ֻͨǾ𾴵ַ֪϶ûб濴ȥô򵥡
е֡ƭԡںܶʱó
ַֻ֪ʱ򻹲ǿԶʱ򣬱ûнϴĻ˵ǣ˵˵̽ɡ
ǣˡ˵䣬ɫָ΢΢һ񣬿βͷذ˰֣æ˵װС̷ȥͷİ˹˿ףһЩ⣬ְѻ⽥תƵ˹ϡ
˵ص㡣üͷϰǵĻͬʱҲڻŪʱ
ԭŹĻᣬɾһѣתһ룬ʱ治˵ϻʱ򣬾æ˵ȷǸĹǳĳӣңҴ֮·һҪϢ
ش𣬷ڵ˲üͷַҲ⣬˹ɫһ˲ЩҰס
ˣøӼˡɫûᰣ˵ǸҪϢǸ˵ƾݣ¾Ͳ̫ð찡ԭΪǸͨ壬үʵǿӲءһΡ
˵ûм˵ȥڵȴףܵһܱģû뵽ǣһĳӾȻôµʣ񡰹ϷŮ飬ڹϣΪӵλ£ԵõӣõѹıЩŤ
ӣһ㶼ܵصҪϷŮҲ˵µֶΡ
¶⣬ӴʲôУַüΪӡԵʣϾ֮ǰɱ˵۹һϮоĳΤ˹º˵Ǽħ͹ײһʱ䣬ôҲ֪
üԭ뵽˳ݡ
˵¸ۿڹģֻһСڵ۹ıϣȻҲﲻĵλȴΪ¸ۿڵķСˮΪǵѾһĳˣڹԱǵɵСġ򳤡ҲԸȥĳĳȥ
ôһˮġСǳһĹԱ붼룬̨ӲҲ滨˼˵ܵСǳˣȻһˣ
ѩħǼոճȣΪ˼峤ԶķչʱòҪǵĳǿĺ̨򣬾Էϲ˵ʲôҪԼһЩҵĻҲԼھܳܵģ
ҪӵҪˣҪΪ˹ͷǾͱȻҪҪҲĺ̨
ԣڴ˿ַҪΪ˹ͷǾͱøصĴۣɡΪһµ˽£һ߸ϵĹ壬ϸôĴô
ˣڣﲻɵöһӰ
ɵǡ
ַ֮ǰ͵ۿڣݣȻҲص㣬ϾԺɶҪ򽻵
ȴַһֱĿ꣬Ҳ˵ǿɭַף͢Ĵˣ
ַеӡʹԼʮðͷǺһԶݣΪĹϵŵõˮλá
¸ۿڵĳĴ壬Ϊ˼ķչַܿǣıǺȻ۸ԼͷǣߺߣܶԲ𡭡ҲԸĽأ
ȻԼҵ鷳ҲͲˣ
ҪǡƺԼɢĿֲƣΪԼʥǿߣûΪԼԼġãԼԸһԶݣҲҶ˵ʲô
ң˭ǵԼͷϣ
ȻǾȴԶϿ
һ˲䣬ַһľŵͬʱҲɵ˫ֻۣϲû¶̫ƽ򰣷ʵõʲôҪϢ


ھʮ Դ
ڵˣڣڰ˵Ǹ֮󣬾Ͳŵעַ硣
˭֪˿ܻܲȣȫǿַ˼
ǣ뵽ĳݣ˲ĽţȻַˣϾǺ˹˽£ûʲôֱӵĹϵ뿪ַ磬˵ϣҲǷȱ
ַ粻˹ô࣬İﺺ˹˵Ҳַĵһ¡ӡ
Ͼ˹ַֻһ¶ѣң˹ڻַ£ûΪַȥʲôȫַİˣڵ̣ҲֻԼϵͺ˹ļжǱ
θͲұ֤ƾַô
ԣһ̣ûпڽûڣڵ˾͸ûʸ񿪿ˣ˹˫ŵЩ˫Ķַ磬ַܴϿһЩʲô
˵ĿУַüֳ˼ɫ˫ȴһ˲ָ˰ôһ仰
ڴ˹ͰǵַЩǸ벻ʲôַѯʵһ仰Ҳַ֪絽վĸ
οȴһַѯʣĵȻһϣ
شˡȻڶʱַ뷨ʵĻش·ۡʱ򣬾洫һЩҷֱЩķ֮ұСĵһĽϸ
һʲôֻǿһģһȥȴǵ⣬˵ڷˣ±˷֣ûиǸط̫ͣʱ䣬ҲֻһĹҾõϢ
һΣûֹǵġϻԭַذľû˵ϻıҪڣбҪð԰һ£ַףһȺ˾Բǳ԰׷ģÿ˶ʵаҲЩ˵Ψһƾˡ
˵ȥַߴ˰һ䣬Ŀ˴һۣͨݵ˽⣬״һʵ˲ţĻҲȣֻһ㣬ǶᣬɾͱȻ֮Ҳһ㶼Ϊ
ֻǣڳĬַܿ⣿ַҲ֪ĳǺõģҲֻǿһۣûж˵ʲô
ַ翴һۣĵ̲סһëǱһ㣬ԭȻַкøУǰʵ̫Сˣĵַ翴һۺ
Ǹ²˵뷨ַ֮󣬾æһȻǼ˵òǵȥܴжϳǶˣң˵ԲһЩô򵥣ͨ෽ãжӦöǳĶӣֻǵݸߵͲͬ˵ͬ
ַ˵ͷ˼ŰǵĻҲͬʱʾ˵ȥ
ڶǿǸһЩСˡܡۣ֮ʱʱЦɴжϳǸܾܿǳĳӣһ۵ǰ˿۵ݡƶϣӦǳĳ׼̣갮˿֮ٷĶӡ
˵ǵɫЩѿһۺ˹˹ɫҰףأ̸һ󣬲ż˵Ǹܡ˼˺ܾãڻ·ϴһЩڳϢжϳָıӦָĳˣҪܡϾǾôܣҲס
̽飬жϳҲʲôˣСҲǿռһЩŮֻݸòŹϷһΪ˻¸ȥŮˣԴֺ
ҪǣҴƺСͯ񱣡ԣжϣǸӵĸ׻߰˿ӷİ취ĸ֪ʱ䣬󣬵ǶѰ˿̣ˡٹ׸á
˵ź˹棬˵ĺǼѣǣҪַиͲòʵʵ˵˵Щ֮ͱͣصַ̬
ַͨǵĻܿó˵ƶǿǹغ˹Ͱ˿ƾô׽ĹϵҲûƭԼĿܡ
뵽һЩַŤͷȥ˵˵뷨Ϊʲô취ʺӪȰ˿
仰ѾǱ̬ˣ֮ɵöǰһ۵׵ɫҲһᣬæصشˣΪ黹ǲҪֵ̫ΪãЩԱҪľӣ飬޷ع⡢̨ܷϵġ
ҿӦȰ˶ټٶ뿪ۿڣ뿪ƿصķΧȻɳһʵ㹻ǿߣھپ˵ǰ£İѰ˿ȳȻٿʧ룬һǵĿĴﵽˣҲûóʧ棬Ӧǲٻġ
Ļû˵ȥ˼ԣǸַ磬ĻѩħǼòŵˡ
뷨ܲ
ַվͻȻ͵Ĵļ򣬵ǣȴͻȻһתⲻҪĽߡҶҵˣҾһصĴۣ
˵һ䣬ַ΢΢һһ˿Ц⣬ź˹ƽ˹һ˰ɣ飬һ԰㴦


ھʮ ĸ
ʱϦһ˿ڴϣæµһİ˹ҲѾɢȥ٣һЩӲ˵ļŮĵſڴŹǷĿȴĴǷ񻹻һЩ䵥ԳǵҰ
ЩŮǱСǵرͳٶЩϵһ㣬ڸۿǿаĳЩͨ䵥ϽڣرҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ϧ֮ʱĳЩۼļŮͻȻϳӰһŻĽ׳һЩݣƤҲЩڣôԶľ룬ǺѿԵòĵһͷȴǡˣ
ͷҲֻһ£ͱǴ
⣬ҪǿˣͷܶŮ˷ḻľ飬֪ʲôǿڣܰǰǹֱӳȥҲ֪ʲô˲ʲô
ȻߵԾͲģںǸƤڵݰӻûʲôǰǸϴŵĻ·ͳǴеͷ
ΪһűߵļŮ̲סԹһ䣺ԭǸүԽԽûȥඣΰĹ񰡣͸ҼǮ˰ɣ

Ů˵ûǰŻǸ˵ȷǹ壬ȴûµǸ˲ǹ壬ǵλѩħǹˣ
ˣȻǺ˹ˡ
˵ʵ˹ڵ൱ӣԭΪȻŮϣѾˣȴ벻õѩħǹԸԼСͷ
һʱ䣬˹ĸмֻʣ˶ַأһ̣ѾаģҪΪ˾£Գ˶ԼĶ飡
˹ۿʲôҪţҲҪֳκ֮ı顣ַһ߳ۡķȥһŤͷĺ˹ңҪԼһԹߣһ͸ˣҪ˵ҲҪȥ˵ʻšҵһ
ǣˡ˹Ȼַ֪⣬ʵʵӦǣӦʶһص⣬ʵǡˣͲһѽ
ŶûʲôϵֻҪһֱ򶨣ҪڽͿˡַͣĺ˹ļ򣺡İɣô̵ʱڣŮһµģҲƽؽȳ
ˣ˹ᶨûж˵
ַ仰󣬾̧żۡķȥһߣͬʱһ߼˵ҵ˼ǣۿʲôҪֽŵɫһЩѪȵĻ棬ô
ѪȵĻ棿
˹жʱһ𣬵ַ粢ǿЦӣһ񣬸Ͻǣˣˡ
ַŵ˵ͷ˵ĬĴź˹ӿٶȳۡȥ

ķ֮УʱֻдͰˡ
ַһʵ˶еЩ⣬ȻҲַ粻᲻ܵ˼û뵽ַȻôԴź˹ȥˡ
Ҹо˲һ嶯˰
˼ʲôǰıʵǵˮ©ûбֳκεһ뷨Ϊ˲Ըȥﺺ˹أʵҾǸ취ͦõģͲúͳͻܰѰ˿Ȼõһ뷨ɹôƫƫأ
Ҳ֪ǶԹ˵˽⻹̫ˡ̾˿ɣ֮Ըһ³ͷ;ֵЩЧˣЧôһλ壬㻹ʲôأ
ҵǵʲôֻǶԹ˵ΪЩ⡣ǵı൱᣺ʵǿ͸˵ʲôˣŶ죬Ҳ֪˾ôź˹ȥ׻ʲôʽȻذ˿
㶼˵ǵĹ˲ţ
һѰǵĺ󱳣ˣƾ蹫˵ʵͷԣټϴ˵ĵλ룬Ȼذ˿ֱ練Ƶ飬ֻǣҲ벻˵ҪǸصĴʲô˼
Ը˲ʲôɡͻȻһͷԵ˴ϣǽҪ㹤ˡ
ǣùܹˣ㶼˵һЩʲôӵдսʿʵһ൱򳤵ĳжңȨ߬رͳ
ѵ˰һ䣬һѰӴϽʰһ°ɣүѾȥ֪ͨˣչ˵ļƻ˱ҪڰСʱ֮뿪¸ۿڣûжʱˣ
ðɣǽһһ߳ſȥ׼ȥʰԼһѵΪҲ֪رͳ컹ҪҪǮԷֲפľӣͷˡ
߳İǵıӰεҡҡͷã̾Ǹˣһᱣġ

¸ۿڲͬڷĵ۶ҵŨ˺ʱп̴Եʣûнġ
Ҳ͵£ʹںҹСɷҹĳЩҵҪȰ췱æࡣ
ɫڳۡſڵʿ޾ɵһûһš
ٹһСʱʱ䣬ܻȥϢˣһʿߵͬ˵ʲô㣿˵ǸӿǸһµġѡɵðѱ̻а
ȥˣ̻رҲǸУҶ챻ǸɧǸեˣվһ˫ȶʹһʿԹһ䣬漴ʵ˵ңأҲ˵Ǿȥˮƹݰף
˵һ䣬ʿͻȻԶҹɫ֮УӰԼ
ۡȻȲһЩǵĸۡΪۿڳеģҲʧɣ޽ĺܴҲûĽԣʿӰԼ߹֪˵Ŀһǳĸۡ
ιǰǸλүһʿҲӦ˹ͬ㿴װ磬Ǹɡ
ˣ㲻е𣿡һ˷üͷ
ʲôֵĵط
ѵͲǵãƽҳĹүһ㶼ź㿴Ȼ·ģеĹү𣿡
˵һǸðƻ
ߣ϶ǣðүҳ˵̫ˣǿɲܷŹһ©֮㣡
ôһ˵ҲԾĵطˣ㿴ľȻһôСӣŶ죬һﲻûĴɣ
꣬С㣬ˣţˣˣһٺ٣ĵһһ˼Ҳװ
ιʲô˵ˣ㡭˽̸Сȥ
˿ָˣǸո˴ַͺ˹
ַΪȳǿ󣬾ҹ֮УйҲҪǿϲ٣ź˹ԽԽʱ򣬾ǰĽ̸üͷȴûбֳ
ҲӼӿٶȣߵǰʱװûˣź˹ֱӿС
λˣǳۡǲġһʿסַ磬صĴž档
Դһ˻ûʲôԴ塭ʮҲң
κΣΪΪַǸðƻԣеҲ
ַԶ˵Ľ̸ʱûɫ¶˹ЦݣֱӴ˵İϷӦþҸͲǹɣ
һ仰ʱʿһ£һ֮һһַֻǰͷİ˰ڣȻԼ˵ˣǾ͸ϽԶ㣡ٲĻǾͲˣҲ֪ðɱͷ֮
ȻԷҴ˼ʿҲûʲô£ɴֱӺԷ뿪
ַĵʿĻͻȻһץסղųԼͷӶֻ֣ƽ֪ðһ壬ϲӬƶԴһ壬ʲôô
£ַ粻ʿش϶һһֻһġԡַֻ֣ʱ


ھʮ ֳ
ɫĶҹôۣȻֻһ˲䣬ɻʿԼ˹
ַ粻ԼʿҽеĻᣬһŰ߽ۡͬʱҲһֻץסһʿһӦʱͱַӽ˸֮ۡС

ǰʿַһߵѪӵһֻץԼǸ˵﷢Ĳҽҹ֮вϻص
һʿӵֵɫ˲ϵϻڲҽеͬ飬Ǳĳۡȥ
ûʱ͸оԼļһֻǿ׳ָεץסˣʶĻعͷʱ򣬾Ϳַޱӣһ̣ޱȵĿ־壬뾪ֵĽгȴԼĺѱеľֿסһҲ
ʿҲ֪֣϶һʿӦʲôַעʿͬܵʱȻͬܣֿɳܵΪսӱһ룬Ӧ֪㽫ܵʲôƲá
ġҡҡʿ֣ɫҰףڴ³һ仰
ûȨɱ㣬ΪҸеܶģַ綪һ仰һžֱʿؿڡ
ʿƺǻʲôҪ˵ոտھͱַһ߷˳ȥʮԶĵط
ַӵа˼ʵôҲͨʿֵܵסģʿڵ֮󣬿ѪȻûؿڴҲַһ߶˼߹ǣûһʱ䣬ºѻָԭ״̬
һЩֻڶ̶̵һ˲䣬һֱַĺ˹ݺݵһĭ
ʵ벻ԭԼͺĹˣȻĺʱϲ룬ַආ֮󣬾Ťͷ˵߰ɣҽȥ
ǣˡ˹ŵϻʹʿɫԴѿ
ַһ۵ϵˣһ˿мϺ˹ʹɣùǣ߰ɡ
˵ţַ;ֱ֮ۡȥ˹ˣֻæϣȻûǵַ⣬ڣҲ֪ѯʵʱ
ַһ߳ȥһĿĺ˹һۣ˹ȻɫЩף黹򶨣ص˵ͷ
ֻǣʿʹܿ;˸ۡرʿ׷׸ַͺ˹İˣľͰΧȥ
ǣַϵĻ·ЩʿȴЩԥȻǳǵһ㿴ңҿ㣬ȴǰ
ַ翴ûж˵ʲôͻȻһٳ嵽һʿǰʿԭԥ׸òǰȴͻȻԼǰһˣʶļֳַֻ̌˹ȥ
Ķʵ̫ˣַǰһ˲䣬ץסʶֻ֣һһѾͳʿǰ˹ȥ
ʿԭ໥Ե˼ûע⵽ַĶַǰЩʿûӦʱ򣬾ͻȻоǰһڣһأʱͱַӹȥʿҵһƬ
һʱ䣬ʱһƬ
ַ粢ûжЩʿ֣ӳȥʿҲѾʣڽʿӳȥ֮Ϳٻصԭλϣú˹ԼıΧ֮УʾǰЩʿ
ǣǰЩʿɲˣǿԼͬ鱻ѹڵأʣµЩʿʱ׷ǰȥͷԷȵֱӾͳַһȥͷ΢侲ڳַ繥֮ǰ֪һʲôˣ
ЩͷԷȻͷ侲ַҲ˵˭ԼֱһӳȥҵһȺ˵ͬʱҲø˾ʹ
˹ַı֮£ûܵκ˺
ֻǣʱź;ԽԽ࣬ʿ׷׸ŸʿԽԽַ࣬ͺ˹ҲױΧһˮйͨ
ͬʱܶڳ֮ۡƽۡԴԴϴ˲ҽеֿ֮ۡǰûŵʿʱ̲סеĺ棬Χ
һʼеĵǣΧƽǻֻվڸۡǰ治סΧ۵ȺԽԽ࣬ǰΧڸۡſڵǼˣʱͱӵȺ˸֮ۡڡ
һۡˣʱע⵽ſڵϵʹʿǣûǶ࿴۵ʱи˱˸֮ۡڡ
żȺԽԽ࣬ûάʿǰ壬жڳۡĿ־岻ɵɢȥһĹ˾ô߽˳ۡ
֮ۡڱĴţҰ֪˶ٱ븮֮ۡеƽǣҲòǰӵһſŵĿռҲǴ´ࡣ
ܿ죬ЩƽעʹӵŵʿϣתƵ˲ԶϴľԼʹķϣǲãһĵ׾̲סһ£


ھʮ ͻΧ
ֻǰԶɶѳɶѵʿ·ΧһˮйͨĿٵнӽ塢ʮˣ͸Щػζʿļ϶ע⵽ΧȦм䣬ƺˡ
ôʿһƽ̲סʶľͺǣЩʿǲûע⵽Լ˵Ͼ˼Լʱƽǲɵִ󵨵ǰҪΧȦм˵ĳࡣ
ʱΧȦ󷽵ʿͻȻȥŵЩΧƽٴ̲סһ̣ȴ͸Ⱥ֣ܶʿŵĹͱǰͬѹڵأƺǰΧȦĵĺ󷽣ܵʲôĸԤ
Ҳڿ˰ΧȦĵ˵Ĵ硣
λүĳƽ񿴵ַϵװأֹһ
ǰЩʿôҰΧסһүأһƽ̲סԼʡ
ٺ٣ΪʲôܿƽʱЩŰʿᣬҵͦʹġȺУĳյĻЦ
仰˺ܶ˵Ĺһʱ䣬ΧȺʱͱ
˵úãϴΪµĵҺڣһͷϵһЩûȺ쵰ʿϻǮ
Ϊչ˽ǵ⣬ЩүˣҶҪǮ
ǰЩ쵰һÿˣǲûǮúóԺúȵţ
Щ쵰źã
ͬ⣡

ƽǷ޷޲ƽһһ໥ʿǵʱ򣬰ΧȦĵַȴǲͷ
Ŀ겢ЩʿԣҲûº֣ҲЩʿһˣǣʿԽԽ࣬Լͺ˹ذΧмͶõʱַҲʧȥġ
ЩʿҲַ֪粻º֣ǱҵڵأҲܺܿΧȥʱһԵӿȥĳԥַ磬ĽҲѾʷɳȥڱֲôۡ
ԷǹүҲôȺļǵԼòԼرְȥˣܵ˻쵽ҽҩѣԼʵ¸˲ү
ԼֻҪʱ䣬ӵ֪飬ĿľǴﵽˣ
˼ʿǳȥĿںҲøˣ
ЩʿȻǵĺܺãɹؼǡַûˡ
ǣһγ嵽ַǰʿû֮ǰַ׷ɳȥĿԼӿһ˿绨ݵԼϣʱһɵ˲͸оһ飬һգôԭء
Ҫǣʿǵ׶Ǿ죬Ⱥ൱ӵһ£ڴȺзĴܶ͵ĹҲģݵʿ͸оʲôˡ
ǣַȴҲûͣǳԼЩʿһɵݵǵϣžȺдݿ˲÷Żֵʿ˲Ͱ
һЩʿûܵӰ죬ԼܶͬϹâһԭأвɵҲɹ
˹ַһνǴ۽磬ַԲбֶʰſùʿʱ򣬺˹ΪЩ̫ӦɫɵЩÿַ粻Ͻһʿӷɳȥĵȴһɳ죡
ƽʱЩƽֻбʿ۸ķݶȻԹҲҷһʿ꣬ȻԼ֣Ҳ̲סࡣ
ڿЩʿϹâһԭء˹ĵײ𺳣ѵǴ˵еħ𣿹˾Ȼħ
ʱںۿƽĿŲйâʿ𴫵ݣҲЩͷԡ
ַҲûʱԺ˹ЩŷֳȥĵڰȫķΧ֮ڣЩʿҲǻָ֮еʹˣʱЩʿǱԵĻᣬϽߵĺ˹ң
ǣ˹ķӦܿ죬Ȼǰľ𺳣ȴһֱͷԼŮϣ͵ȵȲˡ
ʱһַȺдȥʱ͸ǰȥ
ַ֪Чʱ䲢Ϊ˷ֹЩʿָٵסԼȥ·ɴƿԼʿ·ͬʱҲٴͷųһɵǽӴַЩʿ϶ʱ͵һٴδȺд˿
˹ظַ󣬿ߵʿϲӿ⣬ĶɵҲСԼЩʿ壬ͻЩʿһá
ʱ󷽵ЩΧȺҲַ˳ΧӰ˽ֲС
ιǺȥۡѵλүҳ鷳ģ
ޣʲôˣһ̰̰ɫĹЩ겻֪ѹƽǮλүҪȥ鷳Ҹ˻أ
ǾǣλʵǿĹүҪҡء鷳˵ǻܻһλأ

Ⱥ֮еⲻַͺ˹Ҳ˳س˰ΧȦΧȦʿΪݹеģϣѾ𲻵Եˣ֮󣬿ϵЩʿ³ΧʿҲǰȥЩеʿҲ͵£ǲûܵĵҲͲûܵκӰ졣
ĿŰΧȦ˳ͻΧΧЩʿɵýѣɣԼ϶ʿһϹâһͲܶˣ˰ɣԼʧְɿʿܶͷģмϻð̶ЩʿͲоͷƤЩ飡
ʵϣǶǸѲ߾һЩλϵʿߴæ˹ȴǰؼǣһж̫죬һȺУûһ٣
Ҳ˵ȫͨʿ
˵ʵڵģûеλļලЩͨʿҲֹⷸ˿̣ĵʵǲԸǰģȴΪⲻЩᡣ
ҺãѡʱַһʿǰһƳʿļȥ
ʿǸ±δѣַĶʱһԼЩסʿһʶľͶǣֻһͨʿȻŬȥûж㿪ַһơ
ַܵԼļϣ뵽Щסʿʹģ±ʶ۾ͬʱͿ޳ˣоֻʣһͷ֪Ͳˡ
ǡûʲôо߻һƽĻңĳס
е󷴲̫ʿ۾󿴵ַһƽҵͬʱƺе·ʶľָһ򣺡ֱߵͷһһǡ
˵ʿʶʲôæסԼ͡
ַҲЩʿ˵ôϸһ̣뵽ʿǲƭԼʿʹǣļס֮󣬱ٴʿļ򣺡ˣڿȥ֪ͨءˣšʲôʵ˵ˡ
˵䣬㲻ʿŤͷź˹˵ҪţҪӿٶˡ
˹ƺǲַ̫˵ġӿٶȡʲô˼ֻǵŮУʶľ͵˵ͷ
ַͷͲٷϻҲܺ˹ûԼ˼һץסȫתգ֮ʧȺ֮С
һȫתڳʿȫǸַ罻̸±̲סʹһ¡
ʱʿҲȫнָ˸оʹһҲò֮⣬ҲûиоĲʣ뿪ĶԷһɫĶ֪ԷһˣЩʿͱˣ
ÿͬʱӶԷ￴һ˿¡
±ڱģƺЩţûͷûԵһ䣺λүȥʵˣҡھȥ𣿡


ھʮ ͳ
ۡĴλۡģʱŽգرأЩر֮УһʿˣװϿȥѿΪ١
ΧַǸصλۡҲ࣬ԶȻǸطȴȻԼǸղôһЩ
üͷǸȥȴΪʵ̫ԶʲôҲ
˼һ£ָǸ򣬶ߵһʿȥǱ߿ʲô
ǡʿ¶Ϊ֮ɫͳˣͳ˷ԸЩ뿪һ
ͳ첻ɵüͷߵЩɶͳĵϵͲԼΪͳ죬ְͲֻô򵥣˼Ƭ̣ʿͳҪ£һʱҲҲǱߴˣҪǳʲô顭
仰û˵꣬ͿǰԶŻŵһʿʿܹķǰķ
ʿǱģͳıʱͲʿæǰӭȥ

֮С
ˣʵ̫ˣӵСͳһĵģ˷ܵȡƶȣ۸߿԰ͷж⣬ԭҵ򣬻Ƕ׬һǮţ
سͳ˰֣Ͷȥһĵ񣺡İɣƶ˽ʵУ̨ϣߣôˣ
£ֻϺ㲻ԼͬĹЦǸЦһʱ㴫ŵ
ˡ
ʲô£ͳ쿴˳һۣüͷ⺰һ䡣
ˣͳˣҪ档⴫˸ͳЩ
ֻϺʱɻĶһۣһ̣ûԥ
漴ͳƿ˷ţϾ͸Ͻܵλ˵ǰһصɫ˵ˣͳˣڸղãһλү˴˴˵ĸۡҴʮʿλүѾ˳˹үķȥˣ
ʲôʱ󾪣Ǹʲôˣ˶ˣôʮʿסֵôôһ㶼û
شˡͳɫЩѿλүֻˡһˣӵа˼ʵʿǸͲĶֻ֣ǼӵʱʹǸͻΧҲǸողյϢѾǰȥ˹үķȥΧˣҡǸһ㱨ʿ˵Ļһ˸Ͳǹ壡
쵰û˵ͳһƳͳ˹ȥǸӵа˼ʵʲôȥΧҲûã
ͳ첻ҶӲͳһƣϣȴûиоôʹͳ˲˿ˣʱͺϵһԴ
ȸΪʲôǸ˲ǹ壿ɫ࣬ȴûг嶯ѯһΪؼĻ
ͳ֪˷ʱʱΧµЩʿֻһˣǷܽ˲Χ۵ƽЩƽʱǷԭشŵʿѾˣ˵˽⵽˲ûǰͽԶ߹ġ
ңɹģǸͲɷ˵ֱӾͶŵʿ֣ԣۺЩһɣǹǰµģϾĵλһЩ˺ĳЩؽɱֹһսʿ
ɹģ޷Ǿй˼ɣǣһʱ䣬ȴ벻ֱȥҿ˹үΪʲô
һλû˵һԵͳʱתˣҲӵϮоλĲǹ壬ôͿֱӸǶ˽סլݣȫ˽Դ顣ԸΪԼҪ
ܲͳ˼յ۹ɣ˱˽ԱĸۡȻҲмҪһϵе̣Ҫύȥ˵鷳֮
ӵе۹Ϯλչλȫһ¶ˣ
Ҫǣ˵ĿԼӾסķ䣬ȻҲʱ²˵ĶԼĳӳΣա
ߵͳӵа˼۷ʵǶԷҲӵа˼۷ʵҲһ֮ؼǣͬǿ߶ԾͲ֣һƲסɱ˶ԷùλҲʡ²鷳
ԣûκԥʱͳͳͷ˳㰲οһ䣺һҪСģ
䣬ͳ˵ʱȫֻһ׹Ӱʱʧ˴֮С
ҲȥɣŸͳ˻֡
ͳʱ͹ǣˡ
ȸͳ߳ȥ֮󣬳ǵû뿪ߵ˴õĺ棬ű¯ذһ£漴¯ͻȻһۣͨȻԥС


ھʮ ż۷ǿ
ޱȳأȻ˵޷ȷɵӶ֪˿϶Ȳġ
ؼǣֻͳĿͲȷ˵ʵʵϾֻҪﵽ˼Ƕͳƴսʿǣ˼ĴսʿżսʿȻϺѿ𣬵ʵȴر
˵ǰȥͳӵа˼۷ʵһԷҪǾżսʿԼͳͲǶ֣ҪǣͳͲԼˣԼҲֻǡϵʵԼƽֻΪĹϵŻֺԼ
һΣգͳ϶ɵȥΪԼңԷˣһûأ
ԣرҪһȫ׼ڣ׼ȥһλż۷ĴսʿԼ
߳ǰһûдӵС䣬ż۷Ĵսʿھ֮С
ʵϣλӣȫǿɭŵõģɭλӸҲΪԶô򵥣¸ۿһˮΪСǣڱ⣬յҲ¸ۿڵͷ
ڴˣҪλӣÿµ˴󲿷Ͻɸ˰֮⣬ʣµǮٷֳһھúͳĽάȵȣһСֻҪ߳ɹ׸Լֻܵõɶѡ
ҲһʲС֣ÿ£Ҳר˹ȡ߳ɵǮڣǰľż۷ǿߣǺÿ¶ȡǮǸˡ
һصһԼ״̬Сߵ˷š
ͬԼȥزƿ˽ȥ
䷿ְͨ迴ȥͣʱһ߳ϵˮԱŮĵźš
ؼǣַڳĻ϶ϳڳˮˣ
ȥɡˮ˿һ۸أҲתͷͶŮ˰֣Ůȥ֮Ը˵µǮ׼˰ɣ
ǵģͷܹܴˡسסشһ䣺һԽңһ׼ңТͷܹܴ˵ġ
ŶͷƲüɵӣȻػе⣬ǣصƽʱʱֻǧҡңɲһСĿ˵ɣʲôҪںǰ˵ģ
лͷܹܴˣβںǰԼģǡɱˣؿʼǿ侲˵ͿƲסԼȶԷشѸͳ˵ԭⲻĸͷ˵һ顣
˵֮㽹ŰͷƣϣܿһӦԼ
ͷҲһֻϺ꣬ؽɫ϶ʱ¶ΪѵģأҲ֪Ǻ˵ײ֣ܳһҵʵ¶˳ȥ
ˣģֻҪλż۷ǿ֣߳һ϶û뿪ٰѿԱһꡯ˵رȻһӵĶ
ͷȴʱҡҡͷûк˵ǲ׳ֵġ
ͷƹҧסˡס֣һüͷңˣֻҪɱˣҾ͸ң
أⲻǽҾܽ顣ͷҡͷ
ҧҧңͷܹܴˣѾóǮˣ
أ㲻ҪִԲˡͷ̾һ
ʮңˣѾȫļҵˣؼǴＷ仰
أҿʲôˣͷƵƺе
صɫѾҰף˼ϺһһգһһˣֻҪϰңÿ¶Ϊ׼ңÿ¶ᣡ϶֪ҵÿҲͲңֳһТѾгˣ
Ŷͷǰһ漴̾Ϣһվˣôг⣬ҾͰһΰɡȥ

˿һɪɪһΪݻķ֮УСûмݻķ䣬ָӡҲֻûнġүǸǱݻװΡ
ǣݻȴеر£Ϊ֪ⲢԼ
ﾲĵģֻԡҵķOO@@ˮرˮͻȻͣ£Ϊˮһ֮ͣҪǸɶСˡ
ŵעԡҵķ򣬰˿գ۶գֻоԼССѾᵽɤϣʱбĳĿܣָоð˿رѹãԼͿҪ޳ˣ
ʵϣ˿ûȥôǿС游ȴܶ¶ĴûеԼ׵ĸףĸȱʧҲ˺ۣĳЩʱ˺۾ͻữΪצԴСдһ˿ǿϡ
ö֮˿ͱøŮͬܶ࣬Ů˳ܵʱȴֵرͱܵСĵϷȻ̫ⷽ飬ԼĸоСĿԼ
ΪԼĸװ򣬰˿ͺԥĸǸСһƣ֪һζʲôֻ֪ǸСĻΪеرᣬҲΪԭС뿪Լĸܸ˺
ΪֻһұֶΣֶͨζĽһΣ˿ȴԼǴˡ
ǸС֮ͱһȺӵĴΧסǸСһ·ϲͣ˵һЩȴĻʱǵȺһЦ
ǱͼߣȴرһץסԼ۵С첲һ̣˿жʱӿһֱ˳ۡ
һ·ϣûԼϤףˣҲԼһЦţ˿ǸС˵֮ҪԼָƣȻ̫ȴһޱߵĿ־塣
ҵǣСֱҲûжһָȻڲŮ飬Ǳʶһġ֮СͶԼ˵˺ܶĻȻͲԼѹ·ԡˡ
˿ȻûбСסֽţȴҾӳȥͬİһУоԼӳȥҲᱻץ
עԡҵķ򣬰˿ԼܿޣᣬĵҲͬʱڰοԼһԼȳȥġ
ǣڴ˿̣ԡҵˮֹͣˡ
Χһ˲žĿ¡
˿鲻ԽһӣȴʶվãվܸԼ
ûãǸСʹԡ˳˿ע⵽һȻû·
һЦĳԼ˿å
ٺ٣ҾåҾǹȥܰĳӣ˹һЦ󲽳˿˹ȥһߣһ߻ԼϵˮΣС椣Ϊκú㣬ҿǱһ·ûһ°
˿ע⵽˹Ķʱһ£һۣʶԼһѣͻȻӦеٹҿҪˣ
ٺ٣˹ЦԵ⣬Ű˿򲻶ĶС椣Ķ˰ɣȵļ˰ɣ㵽׻ôأ첻ء
仰ν֮ǰ˿ҲֳЩգһһԼС壬ſڴһ٣ȴͻȻ಻Զķһ
ͿԭԼΪǳ̵ʵľţͻȻܵػһһ˲ķѣУһƬľƬڿлһ켣׼ȷĻСµϡ


һ ޱ

һ˲䣬С忨˹﷢һҽУ󣬰˿ͿСһʹģȥԼϵһƬľмЩɻƺǶС塰šķӦЩ⡣
ţĿʶת鿪ǰϡ
ڿ˹Ϊ÷ոӳһʼͽħƵĹâһ֡谵ĳ̶ȣɫѾֵϵħƱڵĹ̶ȻҪϲ١
ԣľ֮Ĺð˿оЩۣʶ˫ſڴȥͿߴӰһǰһ˽
ַ˻ֱۣȥлƯľмһ۾Ϳ˽ԼСŮ
СŮȥЩ۵Сžµ٣һͷĶ̷Ӥʵ˫գȥµζ
ַע⵽СŮֻԼʣң浥ͬСŮȻЩãȻȴ͸¶һɾǿַ̬粢ûм˿ֻŤͷʵĺ˹˹СŮŮô
˹ľűַƿĵһʱ䣬ͷԼŮ˿ַѯʣæǵģˣҵŮ
㻹վʲôСŻˣַЦһ䣬жʱһᣬ̲ס̾һ䣺ǸʿûƭҰ
˹䣬ʱͷӦæַܳܵ˿ǰһѽӵϱҲ̲ס֡ʧáķӿȥЩҵŮûʵ̫ˣ
˿ƺǻûлعֻǿԼĸ۽ᣬʶľһֻ۵Сﺺ˹һ¡
һĻŮؾ۵ܰ棬ַŵǿʯͷͬʱҲĿתһԵСϡ
С忴ȥҲǺܴ󣬴ԼֻʮġģѾܴﵽԼŵλãһɫͿյԵúǵ˿˫ȣ˫ʹȴƫƫһ㶵ӣƺǶ֮͵Ĵ⣬ڶûлع
ǰС壬ͷʪĺۼַͲѲ³СǸԡ壬һԺ˹İ˿ã黹ûз
ؼǣС밮˿һַȷ¾ǳĳˣַ绹һ䣺ǡءĳô
˹Ȼľм壬ľмǺܴʹһͻָ˹ô󣬴ûǰӲ˵ķţȴ벻һԼķҲᱻӲһʱ֮סˣƺǲ֪˵ʲôá
ַѯʣʱʶԼĵ̣ȻҲַһĴ磬ǹֱ׳Ҿǳĳӿ˹ү㡢ʲôˣ˽ҵķ䣡
Ǹû˹ЩţΪ˸Լ򾢶˵ֻ첲һַָֻ磬һָֻ˱Ű˿ĺ˹
ֻûʶѾֱ¶˿֮Уַȷϵݣʱͺԥһų˹ȥͬʱﻹм˲󣬼һﻹС

˺ѷεĺӿ˹ﴫַ粢ûʹ϶ƵļͷţƤѥҲǲСӣ˹ûκ似һֱӾͱַУ˫ʹ嵹زĺѾЪ˹
ͬһʱ̣˹еİ˿ƺ˹ĺһʶŤͷͿ˹ȥȴ˹ʱطֳһֻס˫ۣѪȱһ̣ûŴС
˹ȴؿһĻƤһͬʱ˫֮Ҳ¶һɡġ顣
ַ翴شĿ˹̲סЩп£νġޱȡ˰ɣ
Ȼ֪۵жۣ˿̿˹ȥģҲᵽ֡
ַ粢û룬˹شﲻͣغжʱЩͷ׼ʱĶ׼һȥ
һ£Ȼп˹˫ֵʹϼʹԭ򣬿˹ʱʹ˹ȥĺͷĶҲֹͣ
ַȷ˹ûбԼ֮߱󣬱ŤͷԺ˹˵ˣȻ˿ҵˣǾ߰ɡ
ˣлл˹ŷӦ֮г˸м˵仰󣬺˹ֲĿԼŮϣ˿ллˣûй˵Ļһθ;Ȳ㣡
˺ˣлĻȻȥ˵ɣҲµĲĻò˶þͻǵȥ·ַ粻Ȱ˿˵Ͱ˰֣ͬʱץס˹ĲӾͰһ߳ȥһ߶Ժ˹ңСĵ㡣
˹Ҳ֪˿̻ǸлʱҲܻİ˿ŵǲǸ˵лл飬æַ
ֻǣǸ߳ĴţͿԶ׹һţһֿʱڿбըǵʲôˣȻ˽ۡȻǾͱ뿪ˣ


һһ 
С忨˹ķ⣬һСԺӵĿյأƬյϣһԼסԼʮҵСеˮ峺ƯһЩ֪ˮݣˮ£Ŀȥ
Сλڿ˹棬ƽʱַֻͣͺ˹ʱǴСƹģؼǣԶǸɫӰ֪Ǳƹ
ǸӰĻַͺ˹ȫԴұܳȥʮ׵ĳȣǶԷֱӴ߷ԾڿеٶȣҲȫ½ȡ
Ȼʹ˶ԶǸƵİɫӰģ֡δȵʽνʮ㣬ַĺ˹Ͱ˿϶ʱ͸ֳһɾţ
ַ翴ɫӰٳԼвɵЩ˵ٶϿȥѾﵽ˰˼۷壡
̶һ˼֮ʣ԰˼۷ٶȣ˺ܿͳ嵽ַǰַټ˼Ҳûд˹߻ұߣһӭȥһ߶ĺ˹Ͱ˿Ǻһ㡣
˹Ȼûмʶǿߣһİɫ֪ζʲôûǿ׳ͨˣӵа˼ʵĴսʿ̼ͻᱻԷɱ
ֻǣսʿͻȻ˺˹һַ֮󣬻ǺܿķӦ˹Żеİ˿æˣһֱ˵󷿼֮Уͣ˽Ų
ʱѾֱӷԾ׿ĳַײһ
ء
̼䣬˼۷սʿײʱһˣˮϵˮݴҲķеĺ˹Ͱ˿̷裬鲻Խֺͷȥ˫ۡ
˵ײҲֻǶ̶һ˲䣬ֿܵײķַ粻ɵúסӣԷӣֱӷɵ˳Ķ԰ֺǿվסŸ
һֿҲͬʱ˶Էò
ַ翴Ŷ԰ӣһͳĴ󺺣еز˼֣ղһײȻݣַᵽԷʵﵽ˰˼۷壬ңҲЩŹ֡
ײϣַ͸оײǰֵܼһ˵ԣûһ㣬Ĵսʿ໥ײһ𣬶ʱᵽһ֡롱ĸо
ԷĶǻͻ㣬ж˲ٳһɡ޴֡ĸоַʱüͷ
ʣַ뵽ϰصĶԣϰصĶص̱ųԷĶȻϰصĶֵȴ̱Ϊƣһ˲䣬ַȷԷڡԪء
Ԫصսʿڴ½֮٣󲿷սʿĻײԪأַû뵽һСǵͳȻλ⼫˵Уң˰˼۷ˮ׼Ҫż۷壬³Ԫصǿ֮⣬ͺˡ
ҪǣּˣͨᱻĳЩӵмǿϾӰ˼˼۷壬мҲһʱ䣬ʱУܾûһֻ֣Ҫǳ֣ܴܾͻᱻһЩʶ˷Ӷܵ
ԣһַ̣粻Щɣ԰ǸӣͳݺֻܿǱ棬˵һ뵽ַ㲻ѯʵͳ£˵ʵݡ
ߣ̩񣡴̿ͣҲӴӲɱС䣡̩ͳ仰Ȼ˵ޱȣʵϣҲѾӿ˲ַһء
ԭֻΪַӵа˼׻н׵ʵӵа˼۷ʵԵĶҲܽԷնɱ
Ͼżɱ֣ǻٶǮͨҲ뵽ңǿľżսʿڴ½ϵҲǺܶࡣ
ּΪĶΪ˲ٱˣܶͬʵˣ˵̩Ϊĵطˡ
ӳԵԾȥַһ䲻⣬˲ɱãϾԷһ֪ʵˡ
벻ǣַæ֮䲻סͻȻϮܸоԷԱԼĸӹŹ֣ײһ˲ֻо飬嶼ʹΪһʧ˳ҺҲָ˹
ʱַĶЩ˼ˣοǣԷһƺͲߣһлԼԼٶҪһƿ
ʱ̩ҲżˣԷĶŹ֣˵ҪԲٿֻΪأòôƴңԸص˽⣬ܻͨһ֣ؿ϶кĴ㡣
ڣֻҪסʱ䣬ϵǰĹ;ǴﵽˣңҲϵóԷŵǸǸصĳӣţĳӶֲܣңĵ̳飬һãҲͲõȥˣ
ԣ̩һ˲˴㣬ǰ÷ԷԷ㹻ˣƾԣϵǰӦò⡣
ַ̩Ļش𣬲û˵Լ֣üͷͻȻ˵һȫ̩ɣ£
˭ô֪ҵȫ̩һ˲侯
ַ䣬жʱЩ⣬žͻָ˹˼һ£˵̩ɣ£ҵڱѧԺʵļϲ̰ƣĳ̰۰б漴ұ伣˵ЩӦûɣ
֪ЩҲڱѧԺû뵽ҵ¼ɸ̲ˣҲûõĶȥѧԺҲ˼ùɱֹ̩ʱЦĿⲢû뿪ַ磬ʱŷĴ㡣
ַһ䣬ʱ̩ԼݣҲȥһЩ̩ݶ˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
յϣ̩һ⣬սթ˵Լˣұԭ򲢲޹ؽҪ̰ۣϾ̰Ҷ֪Ȼعͱϳͣȷͷȥ֮󣬻µõ
̩֮ԱұĳڻʹһЩºϻּźӵĳŮ֮鱻ӷʱ̩ԥĳ£ֱΪԼ˺ڹ
Ȼ֪̩ҲУԱѾ̩ɱȨֲȣҲûȥʵ˵ֻعһ̩̰۵İڽ˻ҡ
һı棬ÿλӱѧԺҵѧԱ֪Դ𵽾ãԭ򣬻ַ뵤ĵʱģʱҲûжʲôȴ벻һ
˵ʵַԳԼ˶ﵽһĿĵˣеرģԣڵһʱ䣬˫۳̩󺰵ԭΪѾܴ벻㻹¸ۿͳλáƽˣûɱ㣬ҽɱ㣡


һ һɱ
˵ţַȫתһţһ¾ͳ԰̩˹ȥ
ߣ˲󣬿СܺúõĻڣ˵ɱɱģ̩ԷҪɱԼʱغһҲԭطҲһţַӭȥ
˶ӵа˼۷ʵգ֮ڳϷһַ粢ûͳ罣Ǵӿռָȡ˺Ӳһ³̩ƽ˹ȥ̩Ҳûг彣һѾ޴ĸӣһ¾ͳַԴȥ
ַƽĿֻ̩գ̩ĸȴԴǷ˿˿ĸУַûʲôԴӲһ
û뵽̩ͻȻȡ޸ӳȥĺӲջ鼱֮£һʱһֻץŵĿ˹ԼԴ档
̩һַ罫˹ǰ棬ʱŭĳɲɱò׸㵽ֵͳλãûȥˣǣֻ̩ǿջԼһͬʱ˷׼Ӳַ缴Ĺ
ַջعǰһʲôӲƽӳȥĶһģֱӲһң
ۡ
ַһȫ̩˶ʱͱҽ˳£߸ˮͬʱ˼еС㡣
ַýƽ䵽˶԰ϣղһ´ķҲսЩ
ַӰ첢˲Ҳͻָ˹ڰϵһȴ̾һһҪǰ̩ڵϣضܵһЩ˺ɽˮǱʵˮΪȥ˲ԭжĶܸܿûܵʲô˺
ӡַ֤뷨ˮո£ʪ͸̩ʹˮһԾŭʱΧĿﱬը쵰ɵСˣȻÿ˹үƣ
仰öĿľ봫ԶصĶУѸĳѾ˶Է
ǣ̩մˮԾǰ߲ҲڵôǿңҪһݵӦʱ䡣
ʱֻҪһʱ㹻ˣַԭڰߣһըװ𣬶ʱһʶһӲֳ̩ȥﻹһ䣺ʲôһ
̩մˮԾһֱַҽ˳ͻûʵһ£ʱͱȥ˲ˮ
ַԭͲڳϺȥһӲȥ˼뿪˳ķΧ
̩ҲѧˣٴˮԺûżһ֮һԾڵһʱѰַӰͬʱҲæϰ
ۣ
³ˮﻹûü³һС㣬̩ԥľ޸ͳַȥѾŭȼգɵļһȥɣ
ַڰԭ׼һ̩ԼûżѺӲȥһѽԵĿ˹ǰ
̩һַУһķŭֻӲı˻ȥǿջǰĶ
ַᣬһֻϵĺӲĳ̩ճȥôľ֮£̩ΪУ޷ܣʱͱӲʵĳϣһ¾ͳԱ˼
Ӧ̩оؿڼŭͿҪԼȼˣܹίֹͬԼûԷһΣֻܱУԷΣ
ȻξԼĶжôʹֱǳ裡
̩һӶûô
ǣҲʶ˾޸ľԣȻ޸ԼרΧ޴ƻҲǿϾ˫ָҲΪ޷ʹá
ԣһ̣̩ϵӵľ޸һѳ彣ͳַٴιȥ
Ȼʵһ㣬ʹȴҪȾ޸֪ٱַȻÿ˹ƣ̩벻Ϊƽ޹ʵİַͳˡ
ֻǣ˵Ķûٶȵԣͬλڰ˼۷壬ôػش˺һ̩񲻵ûдַһ˿һΪַ綯ÿ˹ְַ缸ͳ顣
ôȥƢٺõˣҲᷢŭˣ̩񻹲ǸƢһ˹ǸС쵰Ҳϲֻ֪Ů˵Сү
Һã˴򶷵һͳѾźܶʿԶٸ˹û̩˼ʵڲŸϵѾǺܼʱˣһϵֻ̩ܱȴһ˹ټ޻ַ뷨
ЩڣΪʲôһԷǸС쵰
ͬһʱ̣̩ԶԶַķ򣬸ظһİ˵ƨɺǰһͬʱʱһסַĹַ룬ٴ󺰵ˣһʵǿҲǶ֣취ɣ˹үأ
һըװʱԶԶ˳ȥ
ַüҲûתǰĺӲջ˿ռָ
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˵ַ̩֮ôãȵľǸسֵһ̣
ǣӲͬʱҲڵһʱУ̩֮ʣٳǰȥеľͳ̩ĲӴƽȥﻹ˵һ䣺üֵѾȥˣ
̩ԭľںϣĿҲַ󣬿ַ糯Լ֮ǰӲӡֻʶĽǰͼ񷽲һ赲סַһ
ǣ翳ǰ۽ǵſԭַڰӵǱؽ֪ʲôʱѾ״죬ɢŹâôľ֮£ĸоһ㶷̺֮ľ
ʶܿǡѾˣ
̩ĿǱ׵ؽԼĳնΣﲻһĺ⡢ʲô
ϵĶַȫȥʱһǵڿеͬʱЯľ޴âҲһ˲˺ҹ
һ̣ĹâѾǹ˵·Щȵħƣ
ַĺ˹§˻еİ˿һĵ˵ϣ˿۵С˲ͱòҰף
ԶͳųȺӵʿҲɵԭأһ̣Ƕǰ׳۾󣬺Ϳεļסˣ
мСʿֱ̱˵ϣƨ滹һ̲ɫҺ塣
ַϹȥĸغͰͷƣҲһ˲סˣ
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ַ罣תӳغͰͷƵķȥ
ͷƿַòɫ˲ɷޱȣǳ˳飬󣬾ֻһ仰ð˳ѩѩħǴ󹫡


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ۡá
ʱɽգرأ֮ͬǰǣԭΧ۵ƽѱϳ˳ۡҲ°ŵʿ
ֻвƽɽۡΧһˮйͨΪǶ뿴һŲʱؼһĺһŷĴ򵽵ô¡
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ַʵ֮ϣλȴǻ˿ĺ˹λԭӦڸأ֮ǰʱظһƨȥȴÿַһӣֻӲ˫ְΪƽĺ˹뵽λϡ
˵ʵг˻ڿ̩ͷ­һɳһʱ̲סһ֮ӰͷƵַݣʱһһͷڵϻԹȥˣ
Ҳ˵ѩħǹļССĳΪʲôǰõѩħǹɱȥΧ£һϮߵȹؾͳе
ʱ֧ûлԹȥԭȫѩħǹĶʵǸ㲻ѩħǹΪʲôô͵ؽԼĸۡ
ֻʺܿѩħǹ˽͡
͵ĽȴֱӾøֲһͻԹȥˣ
Լĳӿ˹Ȼѩħǹ˵ŮԼŹͬǸСŮ
˵ʵＫΪӣ֪ǲΪѪԵʣһĸӣĸһĶԼһϲŪŮ
ؼǣĳӽ겻ʮ꣬СĶӽȴֻʮһ꣡˹ϲŪŮԼӰ죬СĶϲŪŮ˿˹Ӱ죡
ȻСĶϲŪŮ֪СĶŪŮҲ꣡
ԣ˽ѩħǹʵ֮һڶ϶ԼСĶӾûвһε¼ΪڸǸһﻳŮ˵СĶӻҪһ꣡
ǡѩħǹȴһһ䡰ٷϻԼнȨ
ڣڿź˹ǸˮļƷС򣬶᲻һ˿Ȥ
Ȼ޵ȴĳӣƽʱԼŮҲͰˣƫƫϹ۶ѩħǹ˵ŮȻ˹Ѿ˹ȥش˿̵ȥһ٣Էйŭ
ǲԼĶӣ˹Ϊĳӣʱ򣬸ؿûٻ˼ȥ˹ɿ˹ƫƫûм̳׵İͷԣŪŮԶԶ׵츳֮⣬򣬼ֱһϲͨ
ö֮Ҳͷ˶Կ˹תѾƽֵϡ
֮ԲϧһдͷƳֻ֣Ϊ˹ĳӣԭϲַΪ֮ǰͳ˼룬Ͻȵʱ䣬Ϊַ϶һЩԼ˻ؽɱ֣
Ҫټ˳ȥ;ԲЩ˵ͷȻͷƳֵĴе󣬵һǮϲҪģңͷԣȫպ׬Ǯӣǰһʵǲʲô
ڣһѩħǹݾͰѹģĸֻܰһϣ˰ͷƵϡ
ͷΪܹܣ뻹ܴ˵ϼ仰ӣѩħǹӦû˼һЩɣ
ϾѩħǹȻλֵ߳ûʵų裬ȴƽضûκθЩ˼νǸٹ̣˵ڵλҪѩħǹһЩԼҲǺԶݣкܹܽһпѩħǹӦòȥɣ
뵽ЩϣʱǺüͬʱҲгͷʹһɫ
ͷƻ⣬ɫĵ˵ͷɫȴҲȸغÿ٣رϾǺԶݣΪ˺棬Ҳվ˵û
ǣͷ˼Ƭ̣Сش˴õļžѩħǴ󹫣ȫڿ˹һˣɫ죬ҲֺЩ顭
ң˿СҲûʲô飬صӶܵ˿˹Ĺƻ󣬵ȴ˿Сһëû׷ףȫΪ˹һˡ󹫣ںϣøذѿ˹⴦ãˣô


һ Ҫľ
˵ͷƵⷬõĴ
ǿµ޹أְеζƵ˿˹һ˵ϣȥȫͺ˸˼
ңҲǿĿǰʵ״ͼ԰˿ûгκ̶ȵļԣӶҲӲַŭ
ְ֮Ѻַк̨ģѻԵĿ˹ַ⴦ãʵϾ˵Ҷǹ壬Ҫ˺ңصıǸٹ̵ĺѿ˹׽㣬ҲǶ԰˿иˣͲҪټ׷ˣ»СС»ơ
ò˵ͷһȻؾᣬǿһ飬أƩ磬ںϡ
ͷһ֮жʱͳһ£˹ϾĳӣʧҲĶӣֻǰõĴֻкܹΪԼ˵ĻȻǶøȥȡᡣ
ǣڰͷƻµһ̣غԥĵ󹫣˹ȻΪҵĳӣҾԲӣͷܹܴ˵Ըѿ˹ã
仰˵նԴǣֲ֮ʹϧζȥȻΪˡҡԸСҡΰо
һԹڵϵͬʱһϵıȴǱȷ˲٣ϱŰ˿ĺ˹ͫ׶Ȼһȴ¶ɫ
ʵϣں˹ֻҪȷ˰˿ƽѾ֪ˣ֮ܽԷȻòԣͷ˹ַ⴦õʱоѾ൱ˡ
һشȻʾĳӣĳôһĺøУɵַͶȥĿ⡣
ǣ˹ȴַ粻֪ʲôʱѾ˫ۡ
ַദʱ̣˹ףÿλѩħǹ˫۵ʱ򣬾Ϊŭʱ򣡣
ȻַƽˣûأǽעŰͷƣͷơݡ
ͷһ£û뵽ַ֪Լݣѯʳôһ仰û룬ʵش󹫣ǵ۹ɭ˵Ĺܼҡ
Ŷ㻹ûݰַ仰Щζ˵䣬һʵ˵ĲӦûκξλɣ
ͷüƺַ̫˼ǹصǵģ󹫣ֻǺ˵ˣϲûκξλ
ȻҲַ֪˵ͻȻһϣһתʱͱŭǹ֮飬˲ʲô죡
ӱŭһģʱ¡һɢܣԱߵĺ˹һİ˿ŵһѱסĲӡ
ͷƺ͸Ҳһ±ַͻȻŭסˣַ粻κ˵ĻᣬŭҲ֪Ϊʲôøұͣǹ֮飬ֲ˲죡
ͷΪܹܣܶҲͿ˵û뵽ַѹ޷ֻܵͷϺһһĵǡ
ַҲûдŹͷƣʵϣַԭȰͷƸʱͿΪ˳ۣʱ޷ʱᣬȻҪͷһ̵Ľѵ
ǣַͷƣȥݲܣ㷽˵ǲԴˮˣڿ˹û˿ûʲôҲûǣҵĳֺôҲ¸ۿڣһĻ׻ᷢʲôѵ㻹𣿣
ѵ֪ӵʱ䣬˹ͻóôңܵҲóѣ֪飬˿ͱ˹ĸֵ̣֮͸ǵĸˣ
ͼЩû֮Ļңͬ飬ѩħǼţ۹ĵţʱҪٷƵ飬Ƶһ˵ϣٰ˽Ҿܽˣ㵱СӻǡѩħǼ壬۹ģ赱ʵ۵۹⣡
һ䣬ν֮ԣ
ͷƶʱͷ󺹣ҲЩϣַ˵ЩȻף˵ʱȴûôԶⱻַ˵Ѿ˻ʵ۵ĽǶȣ붼ģ
ʵ۵۹⡭һַȫԽ͵ظɱͷȻӵоż۷ʵֵַ̩һƣȴû˿ͷ
ؼǣ˵Ǵѩħǹٰ飬ң׿ǰ֮˵ѩħǹʥǿ߻ҪǿĻ
ʥǿߣͷȻζʲôʥǿ߻Ҫǿ󣬰ͷһַ̣᲻һͷͽԼż۷Ĵսʿɱ
ԣһ̣ͷȻķϣһ仰˵Ψָ컹û˵ʱ򣬾ͱַɱˡ
һԵĺ˹ȻҲԭֻΪ˹ܵӦеĴǽˣûǵôȫ棬һַĻʱͻȻףѾǼ򵥵ĵϷˣ˹ϵĵز
Ȼ̫һЩҲ֪زû˿õĿܣõ۹Ĺܼұַѵ˵һ䣬˹ûһɳ죡ַĿҲˡ
ڸأַ仰Ѿȫɵۣ
û뵽ѩħǹȻӣݺݵѵ˺ܹһ١ؼǣѩħǹȻûκλأȫ֮ĺһ̣ĴԲһƬհס
ַ翴ŰͷƵģصغһվͷһ˹ȥ˵һ䣺ͷƣܲ˽ҵƢľǱκηʽвңңѵðеζƸһʮСһַǳ޳ܵΪô
ͷȻͷַĽŲһԼ˹ĽѾﵽ˼㣡뿪˵ȴҲΪﵽĽŶһֶ²
˵ͱ˵ɭ涼㶪ˣַ仰֮󣬾ͲͷƣǰĿת˸صϣ˹ȥ
ͷƸַܵ뿪жʱ˲٣ȴҲҰ˵ˡ
طַ糯ԼᵽɤϣʶȴԼ˫ȾǹǦһ㣬Ųһ
ַ翴ŸأǱģȻ˹شȻɱΣ¸ۿڣȻҲϵݸصľֻɫա˽
Уо˹ڸصһЩ¼
˵ַȻ֪صպ˽ȴû뵽պ˽ĳ̶ȾȻﵽ˴ȻĲΣӱΰһеζƸĳӣ˵ĻƫƫȴһȻʹĲ̸о
ֲҪľ磬ֱַƽ
ǣַ׼صһƾ˦˹ȥ֮һ⣬ĳӿ˹ģ˿Ҳ˵Ϊ˹ĸףԼӷ˴ʱ򲻵ȥ˵ڵһʱеζƵĶϣͲ䵱һףΪ˹е


һ 
Ȼַһû϶ĵƵĸؾܶ㿪ģ
ǣһƽʵʵس˸صϣҪǣʹַûʹöһƵǲᣬضʱ͸оԴһһ̣󣬰ʹŷԼе֮£Ѿ˲ݣ
һ̣ŰӲЩջ𣬾㰮˿ȫԼһԼҵ˽£ѩħǹƾʲô֣Լûʸһףѩħǹܵô
ֻǣףѩħǹͷϣǼѾվڶĵλ͸ʵԼֻΪв޾ͳڷάΪоһʵһֺܲǵΪ
ԣӲҲѪݣ
ߣһѪôֻô˴¼ȥؾַٰ缸ʮҲû⣡
һԵĺ˹ڿַͬʱͲҼڸˣû뵽ַ粻˵ôһȻ˳һ⣬ȻһʼͱصԻһ£ҲӦ˹
Ӧ֮˵˹Ϊݱû˵ʲôĵȴǰʹ죬ҲһλףȻֻһŮ֮ǰѾŮʹˣ벻ϾȻкĽζƵԼӵϣԼƵˣȻһʼʱ˹ΪǶȵûпǵⷽ
˵˸ӣںܶʱһ򵥵Ĺ۵ȫ߸һ˵˼룬˹ˣ˵΢ԸЩøУڣֱͶԸ֮ˣ
Ⱥ˹־޴ַľȴûжٸı䣬Ȼע⵽˸һȼŭ𣬵Ҳ֪ظͲҷֻܱݻҪʣ
ǣҲͲ϶˵Цַصλһƨ
ʾ⺺˹Ҳַ֮˼һͻȻְĿת˰ͷƵϣֻǣһε֮ǰôŭֻع鵽ƽ֮Уһ˿𾴣ͷܹܣæһæô
ַ˿ͷƵĶȴ൱ڷ̣ǣ֮£ȴָ޷ֻܾҧ˵һ䣺󹫣ҵҡ
ܺãַص˵ͷȥһʿһͰˮ
ͷûж˵ʲôӦһ֮æ߳˴ã֪ͨһʿַ֮صԼλϣڡ
мḶַ́粢û˵ҲڣеԵЩƣְѹùڵϵҪС
ܿ죬ʿһͰˮʿȻҲ˵ʲôͰˮż˳ȥ
ʿõŹִַ֮λƵͰˮ֮ǰ˵ߡ
е˶ַ絽ʲô˼ȴҲûиѯʵġ
ַôͰˮƵ˻ԵĿ˹ǰתͷؿ˹ȥҺ뿴˹֪Ѿĸ׳֮һʲôӦ
˵ţͰˮſ˹ȥ
һ̣оֻʣˮ䵽ײ
һԵĸɫѾѿ˼㣬ôȻĽȫƸ˹ȻΪ˹ѲΣ̶ܴҲΪ˹Ѿ֮Уѿ˹ַ֮󣬶ȻҲⲻ·һ
ڻȥҲǿ˹ùޡɸ벻ַȻѿ˹ѣʱ򣬾һԵİͷƣɫҲܲÿ
ַȴͲô࣬һͰˮȥϵĿ˹Ҳ˼Ե
⼸ڴ𣬾Ǽشݺݵ˸صϣ
Ͱˮַ絹׶һѽľͰһԣ漴ӣһץס˿˹ĲӣԼҲ˹˸
˹Ȼ˼ӻԵʶѹҲҪһʱģֱַץסĲӽøձˮǺĿ˹Ӹоѣ˫ۻδֻ־ʶĿסַץϵֻ֣ͼַָ
ǵȫѵ״̬ҲַָһԵ״̬Уַ翴΢΢˫֮󣬱ͽһ˸ء
صɫѾѿ˼㣬ַ罽࿨˹ʱͲ̿ȥ˫ۣҲûԤϵַͻȻѿ˹Լʱͱһţ
һ£Ҳÿ˹˹
ʱʹƺѾʧ˹ڵһʱ俴أ϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫžͼףһݵĻ쵰ҵķ䣬ңףҪΪ
˹˵仰漴ʶΧĻѾı䣬Լ׵ϲûгеŭɫ෴һĮΡ
ӦʱַѾı𣺡أ㿴ĳӶǶôΰȻȫΣԥңҴá㵽жĺݰ


һ ĺ
صɫȻѾѿ˼㣬ȴһ仰˵
˹һ𣬵ʱתȥȴ֣˵ǴԼǸεˣʶľסԼ壬ַһλ֮ȴʱסˡ
ַʶȤû˵ʱ佻˿˹͸ӣתصλϵͬʱ۽ǵ˰ͷһۣͷս۵ףҲһƨλϡ
㡢˵ѣ
˹ڷӦͻȻһַָֻһͨ죬˵仰ȴֲ֪˵ʲôˣַָֻһ仰˵
ַ粢ûῨ˹ֲòΪҲû˵;ؿǰһС
ӿ˸ӵɫͻȻ̧һƾͳ˹˹ȥĿָ֪λʲôǵ۹ѩħǹˣ
һƺ飬ֻžһûԤϵԼĸ׻ֵĿ˹ʱͱһ׼ȷУ˹ûκ似ûгսʿķչһ±ϮʱһĵڵأϵıЩãȻȻǱˡ
һԵַ翴سֵһ̣۽Ƕʱͳһ£ϾڱѧԺѧϰרҵ֪ʶˣͨ˳ֺ߳һ¾ֱܷʢŭ֮µһƣַ˲ͷֱؾսʿ
ֻǣصӵмʵַһ
˹ϵãȻֻһʧȻ䲻󣬵Ҳ֪ѩħǹζʲôһڸϺ˹еİ˿һ¾˲٣۵׸һɾֵͬʱɫҲ˲ӵ𣬾ôһѱס˸صһȣֻʧĴеףһҪȾҰ
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һĶ𣬿˹һαس鷭ڵأһΣػûü˵ʲôʱ򣬿˹ͻȻŤͷԹ޵ؿŸأԹҾ֪Ҿ֪ûںң
һڼžĴлصʱ֮ȻѾ˿ǻ
ֻû˰˵ܹܵһɪɪַɫƽĿųУ۵ȴЩ
ˣ
Ѿŭ̧־Ҫ鿨˹ƣ˵Ǳܵޣ鼱֮£˹Ȼ˸һƣǱصߣԼ֮ܵٶվ﷢˼ΪЦ
ٺٺ١
˹ʱЩŤվҲԵЩû˿ԥָŹڵϵˣе̰һ۸Ϻ˹еİ˿ִĿ
㡢㻹㣬ҸմС椻ʱ򣬿ɲ⸱ģǲǻôŪС𣿲ǻ
ˣͻȻŭһϿ˹Ļȿ˹Ӧʱ͵ĳ嵽ǰһһȻ
ˢ
һ̣ɫĶע˲ֱͦӲغԥһ˹ľ˹ȥ
ۡ
Ѫӿ˹ͷ­һɳ졣
˹æס˿۾ؽ§ڻַĿһ˲Щֱлһ˿ţͷĮעһУһ̣ȴ̲ס˫ۡ
һ̷̫죬쵽˭ֹ쵽ڵϵֵܸܵϹ̵Ѫûüʶľ
⣡
˹ͷ­ڵأͷʬҲᵹһԣڵϵֵüһѪǱܵľǱسһԿյȥ
ˣɱҵĳӣҵĳˣ
仰ҧ˵ģѾ˹Ѫǣʱ˵ԵʹϧȻװģһ̣ûԼе뷨ĳַ֪϶˵ĺݣôȫΪҵļܼչȥ
һʹҲ֪ʱǱʹʱ˵һ䣬һɫ󹫣ϴĳϣŹҵļɣ
һ䣬صеһŨŨʹ޷Ρ
ԭڵϵֵܣСǸŤͷ˹ʬʱʱŻ˹ȥȻһط£ɫȴҲҰףĸˡ
˿ֻС˹Լǰƣһ浽׷ʲôȻȫȴû˹ָ˹ĸʵˡ
˿ûзһ˿Ȼ֪淢ʲôҲоһ籩꼴١


һ 
üž쳣˰˿͹ڵϲ̧ͷֵ֮⣬˵Ŀⶼַϡ
˹Щ̣ɫҲһЩףֻһͨˣҲûʱھĿͷ­죬һصճѪѾемΪˣһֱַĻȻٲҲûбֳȫһϸԹߡ
Ⱥ˹ͷȴԵ򶨶ˣַһ֮Ҳڣʹ뿨˹͸ɷŵһĻһûŲۿſ˹ͷ­Ҳֻ΢΢˱ۣһ޹صģȺ˹ӡҵĵԹˡ
ֻǣڡ͡صġݡ֮ĿⲻҲַϡ
ȥԹˣʣµǾֻиغַˣʱ˵仰֮󣬾ͨһַȥһԣӽ棬͢ҳͽʱеġͶء֮һˡ
ַۿŸصĶҲ˵ĶȴǸȥعɱ˹Լ⣬ʵΪ˱ȫʣµֵļȥ
Ͼ˹ڱƵͶ·֮³ܵܣ֡ҲҪŵ汳ġΪȻӣҲ¶ܵܰѲϵزʱɱ˹˹ܿܰŪ갮˿ٰ׸صġԭƻҲ˵
һɱ˹ȻɱĶӣַҲʧȥΨһ֤ˣصû˵ѣҲֻΪ˱ļѡ
ֻǣЩù⣬ؼȥ
磬ڵ̨ʱ򣬻ʺȻҲߣʱ򣬵¿϶дŻʺ⣬Ű߹ŮѹԼµ飬ͷҲֻ룬˭˵
ӲҰ뵱ŵϵ˵
ϣȻҲ׿϶˻ֻ룬ȴҲֻڡס϶ѣ
ǣͻȻһϴһЩжԻʺYYָߵļˣ˵ǼҲԼ۹Ƶʺƣǵϻô
Ե˵Ȼڵһʱնɱ
Ǽ˳ڽ;û£ǵٶǵĺøȫޣңҪΪ˻ҵЩһЩ
ѻʺ󻻳ɵϵãҲǹYYʺ黻ɹߣ׽ס߹ˣ˾ͱɣҲҪܵһЩǣܿܲ
ǣǰҪ³Ҳͬˣ⼸˿Ҳˡ
ǰ˭û¶ʹ֪мҲ뷨ȴû
YYʺֻҪ˵Ǿû£Ҫ˵ǾͲһˣ
˫֪飬ⲻҪһһؽҷ
ȫ⡣
˿ˣ˹ǰ˭¶ַ֪Ҳ飬ȴҲҵɰìͷ׼˹ǰ¶˳ǾͲһˡ
Ϊѩħǹ棬һҲ
ǣĸ˶ǸصĶӣ˹ǸɱģֶֺμӸַ磬ڣʣµӾٳƵ顣
ʵַԭûڸ϶֣һһ֤һ°ǵƶϣ˻һһĿΡ
ڣǵƶ֤ʵˣСһȴûٰ֮ǰ뷨ˡ
ǣַ˼Ƭ֮󣬱̾һĿڸصϣ̾Ϣɡ
仰ػ̧ͷȴûվɹڵϣַ磬˫֮ǿ
ַ罫Ŀ⿴һأҲ֪˵뷨̫滹˵֪ҵĻôأ
һ仰ǿ˲ͷ·ԵЩ͡
ַôҲǽͻȻϮԼɱ˹һ£ѾַҲˮ׼Լ˵ûʲôв
ؾôһͻȻܳص˵һ䣺Ҷˡ
һ̣˻ûи仰ʲô˼ʱͻȻּϵȻվһԶն˹ȥ
Ǹطӣһƫնӵľ䣡
ֻһΣӲû˹ͷ­죬ȴҲѪʶסϵ˿Ҫ˵ЩʲôǵܶѾˣûйʦڳ˾ֻܿ־ؿǵĸףŲϵ˿ڣĶ
ǣȴûͣնܵͬʱҲһ³嵽ԼѾ赹Сӵǰеٴնȥ
˲䣬СӵľҲѪرǿסȥӣٴΰһַǰѾޱȣ
󹫣ҵĶȫѾˣڵϷ˿СȫѾˣȻѾû˶ӣһᣬһԼõһΪЩͼǺұ֤ҾûзͷʡԷŹҵļ𣿡
ǰһУŸҵַеķŭȴȷŸʢԭΪǸô˽ˣҲ˽ĵطɱ˹ڱʣµӡ
ַȴ벻ԭֻΪ˱Լ
ַǾ仰˼ڸ߸أ˹ȻɱģҰѲ˹ϵһô
ȴַ˼ΪַǲԭӣȴûԼϿǣɱӣַʾ˾ûмǺַ˼
ַףص˽Ѿ޿ɾҩĵزˣΪԼܹһȥȻɱԼеĶӣ
ȻʣµҲ£ȫһ壡
ǣַһվʾɫ԰׵ĺ˹Ҫͳ˹ȥߵǰͷƽأɡ
󹫣Ź𣿡˻δȫվڴվ󣬿ַĿϲƺĸӵȥûӰ١
ַ翴һ㣬еĲмʢˣЦЦעŸ˫ۣأĺݰΪԼܻȥеĶӶɱˡ
仰ζøزһϿַֺεæҧҧ󹫣ȫΪҵļ壡ҡ
ޣַ粻ȸ˵꣬ݺݳһڿˮϵأҵʲôСˣΪɱеĶӾԺ󲻻ô
ڿ϶ģҲ϶ҸԣȻĸӶɱģǵҰѲϵһպҪȨ賤㻹ѹסжҵԹôǰҵһõɵˣ
󹫣ҡصɫ˲ѿΪĵףһʼͶַ粻мһˣһֱΪַֻãõ˻ʵ۵Ĵ࣬ϾһʮСӣʲôͣ
ڣʶԼˣһʼʹĳףɵʱַʱԴϣأĸȥĶӸеȻᱻԼĸ׵ӣôļһվĸϡҶ㣡
˵һ仰ͬʱַ粻طӦĻᣬһγһ¾ͳն˹ȥ


һ Ϊֵһҹ
Ҳֻʵ߼۷壬Ҳ˼ȫΣ
ңôľ֮£·ͻȻͬ㿪Ҳס
ػûü˵ʲôͿǰȵĹâͻȻ֣ǰĿֲļҲһ˿֮С
һ̣ʶȴûлˡ
ΪַѾٶնͷ­̩Ϳ˹һͷ­һɳ죬һ
ѪӿٴȾѱѪǵĵ棬һԵİͷʶضһ£̾Ϣһ̲ס۾
˹ɫѾ԰׵˼㣬ȴȻŰ˿۾ѪȵһĻ
ַ翴ŸȼյԴͷʬ£ϲûбֳκתһ¶һ½ϺֱϵѪŤͷ˹ȥƽˣ߰ɡ
˵ţͷһۣأԳſȥ
˹ַ仰ʱæվǣȴ֣Լ˫Ȳ֪ʲôʱѾ÷ˣַ罥ԶıӰһԵΨһ˰ͷƣ˹ҧҧǿгǰһ
˹һּŰ˿䣬һ˫ۣܿ׷ǰŵַ磬ߵſڵʱ򣬺˹һǰһɿŰ˿˫۵ַֻ֣˷š
˿Ȼһֱ˹ס˫ۣȴȻŵǹŨѪζʱܵԼĸɿƣʶľͳ˹ȥǣΪ˹ʱ˿һ˫ۣ߶ģģûпϵ׷ʲô
𽥻ָʱͷִʱѾ档
ȻɫѾȫۡиȵħ·ƣһ㡣
˿ͿԼǰλԼȳĸߴӰϻ·ļ򴦣һС̲Ѫ֪·ϵѪ޷öɾġ
֪ʿ͸ͳ첻֪
Ȼַͺ˹Ӵ߳ʱ򣬺˹ڵһʱ˷ţû÷еѪһĻ©ʿŵ洫ѪζǷſֳļµټַ򴦵һС̲Ѫܶʿ뵽淢ʲô
ͳȻûн֮ڣſ߳Ǹİɫȥչ˵˼һͰˮȥˮʿ˵һЩоͲ
ˡ۹Ҳֻλ
ͳȻ֪ζʲôԣȻôΪͳߣҲҷʱַ߳һС̲ѪǹŲӣַó˵·
ַһ·δڣ˹ҲûڣӺ˹һãȻİ˿ôĬس֮ۡȥ
һ·ϣȻûʿЩʿȴΪó˵·ǵʱȻΪͷƺ͸̫ԶԵʣûͷƿеǸƺҲַ֪һλݼߵĹүЩͨʿǵġ
˹ʱоѾ˲٣ǰһĻвЩпԼ͹һʼʱɶܵʿǵӣȥʱеʿȴÿ˵·
ּ˵̬ת䣬ֻΪݵλԭݡǺö
뵽˹гŶַĸмͰ˿ƽµο֮⣬ֻʣ¶δΪһλԿĹЧڴ
ַ߳ۡͿۡ治֪ʲôʱѾΧһˮйͨЩΧֲѵƽǿԼ߳˲Ͱ˵ĿҲ۽Լϡ
ּΡĽȵȵĿ⣬Ȼַ׼ȴЩڣַʲеĲڲûбϣʲô鶼ûзһƽ
Щƽǿǰȥλү߳˻лһЩȻĿɰСŮǿλүһС̲Ѫʱ򣬾ͺΪÿһ·
ַû뵽ЩƽǺССǻΪԼÿһ·ԭõĵҲòˣȻÿ·ԼҪȥķ򣬵ַ绹ǺȻĽЩ˵ĺ⡣
ӵȺַź˹Ͱ˿Լķȥ²ûжַϵѪζͶĺ˹˿˸е⣬ַ֮󣬾ƿ˳ַԸҪȥĵص֮㲻ٳɣظܿһֱַһЩȺٳ¸ۿʻȥ
Ŀַʧںҹ֮Щƽǲָֻ֮ǰ֡
ι㿴λү̲Ѫ϶ǸǸ쵰ģҲ£ؿ϶Ѿүֵˣ
֪˭仰ͷȺʱֵۿ
һҹ¸ۿעһҹҲע¸ۿΪֵһҹ


һ ͷƵ
ǰַ絣мһЩӶ۵δˣԣ֮ǰĹУַͰԼӽΣδ˻ٸԼĸۡ
ֻеѩħǹۡĵ̣˲ܳƵİȫ
Ͼ¸ۿڿɲַĵطҺãѩħǹݵѹʱϵĹϵûлȥ˵鰮˿ݣ뺺˹һͬǰ˿¾ûô˳ˡ
ַܿʻĸۡȻĸۡСȻٸ˲һЩ˲ŵĲּðܼæת
Ǹٶ˰ŷ䣬ͳ˵ľݣ¶æһͷ󺹡
ַȰο˰¼䣬ѯһЩ֪˶ѾƽԼַۡ
֮ðȥ˹Ͱ˿ŷ䣬ַҵΣοе֪Ѿ˯һɫַ򵥽μ䣬Լкٶˣ΢ϴһ壬ϴȥһѪζֻһ׸ɾ·󣬲
һΣַĿĵǱѧԺҪȥ޲ذﰬѧ飬ϾһҪˣ˽¾ֻܵȴػ֮ʱˡ
ԭַȥ¸ۿڽ˾͸ϽȥΪѧ벻Ϊ˿ôãҺãʱ仹ü
޲Ǵ鷿֮УַΪѧȻЩԾҲûжѯʲôˬľǩĴ
޲ַ˵һ¹֮ǰ͸ַǧ飬˵֮ǰѾȥֻҪַ絽ʡȥ֪ͨһǧڵһʱʡ
ַ֪޲صķԼķذĺܽǧò˶ʱܵҲͲ϶˵ʲô˵ͷѯһ°ݵ
֪ݻڱչôһϸӣ޷Լʱַ粻̾˿ûǿ󣬱͸޲ء
ٳ֮ǰܼδһ棬ַЩʧ䣬ܿ飬һһĿĵءʹ
ͬһʱ̣ۡ鷿УİͷѾɭ˵¸ۿе·ȻаͷȻԺ˵¸Լ飬Ϊַһеìͷַָ磬˵ĲЩš
ɭ;ŰͷƽһԲģðͷƸоûףǣĬһСĵ̽
ˣоԶѽȻϵԶһЩҲݰѩħǹΪ൱Ϻݺݵسһƣ֮ǰѩħǹݣǵûݺݵذѵһ٣ѵûйϵʱ̬ǹ
ɭ˰ͷƵĻͻȻ̾һͷƣҶˣ
ͷһ£û뵽ͻȻ⣬Ĺػصˣʮˡ
ǰ㶼Ҷʮˣѵ㻹˽ʲôʱϳԿܵȥƽûһ˿
ͷ仰ǵûϲЩɬˣ˵
̾һ˰ͷƵĻԼ˳˵ȥұȥڵȥ
˵䣬ͳĬͷҲһͬĬ鷿һƬŵУ鷿΢ħƵĹâ˿ҲԵЩѹ
ãͷԥһ£ǴˣгԽʥǿߵʵ𣿡
гôҵġ˿Щĵ˻ңǼƻ֮ǰԲַκĦ¶Ҫá
ͷеĲʣǰʱһô˵ˣȷѩħǹӵгԽʥǿߵʵ
ô˵ɣĿЩȻȷ֮ǰɢƣֲֿơֻԽ̻ʱµʱĵгȻҲͻƵʥ򣬵ڽ̻ʱǰȴ㲻ʲô
ͷƻַնɱ̩͸صĳ棬˼ĵ˵ͷǰɢƵȷֲܿ
˵ţͻȻһתǣˡϵĶȴǰɫİ
֪˵ͷǳϵʱҾͷĶǰɫģȴ˵ʲô٣ǿֲƾһ˼սʿɢġ
ˣǣҷɢЩֲ֮⣬񻹲Ұͷƺܺʱ˵˵ԼĹ۵㡣
ʱЩݣ˼ǡ
˵ûм˵ȥͷȴһҶģʱͽ˻磺ˣȥ̽һ֪ʵʵֻҪװһ¡
УȰͷ˵꣬һڴԲðա
ˣҵ˼ˡͷҡҡͷʶľѹҵ˼ǣһҪȥأҿװһҲȥϡ
šŰͷƵĻ΢΢˼ţͷҲżź̬
鷿ٶȻص˰֮С
һ˵ͷȥԣûҪ͵һ㣬٣ڽ̻ʱǼƻû֮ǰԲҪ¶ݣҡܲü;ãеǿõġԴ룬˵ЩӦס
ǣˣסͷƵ仰Щ˷ܡ
Ҳ˰ͷ˷ܵ˵ͷˣھȥʰ׼һ°ɣһ˸׼һõȻֱӳȻҵرַҪһЩٻøһЩʱáյصʱ򣬾Ͱиһ

ʱϱĿַȻ۾һжʱһɲԤС
ǣ˼ǰûɲԤеԴģҲֻա
һʹַǸϻ㱨غ̩ϢģϾһҪۿڵĹԱͳһЩûʵ֪ߵĻ»һЩӣң˶ַɱġ
ȻǺˣַ粢ΪһͲȥ򵤵ϻ㱨мַ绹Ǻġ
ңҲҿ϶ϾԲΪغ̩͹ﵽԼϣԣһַǰʹ˵һѹûС
ܿͿ˻ʹ֮ǰַԺͽʹȥӡʱ䵤Ӧ鷿
ɵ鷿ǰʱȴһƬ˵ӣַ粻üǰȥ
鷿ſĻҽԶԶַòʱ໥˸һۣӶԷ￴ɻɫȵַ罥߽һҽʱӭǰȥ󹫣ڵõء
ãңַ绹δѯʣҽĻɵɻһ䣬ѵϻδ֪֪ԼҪǰԸҽɣ
ҽַķӦҲЩ󹫣ղŲõʱ򣬱¾ͳȥĸ֪ۡͨǰһЩôôأѵûмͳ𣿡
ҽôһ˵ַʱҽ˵ѵģ̲סһ䣺˵˹ͳȥ֪ͨǰȥã
ѽҽ͵˵ͷ
ҽȷϣַ粻ɣļ򣬾תϽõķȥ


һһʮ ŵ
ַоرأΪζʲôʵϾǻʵٿĵطҪ飬ʵ۶ټ۵顣
ǣַȻȻѾվ˵۹⣬ȴûκְλ
˵䲻Ļ۷ʲô飬϶ûбҪټȥá
ҪǣΪѩħǹҲϾŵһ¶ѣڵǸطܾڵеĴ󳼣һȨ㳯Ұһļ岻Ǹٹ̣
ĳЩ󳼣˽۹ʵ±ȵʵۻҪࡣ
˵òŸλһ£ڵ۹ûκְλѩħǹȥġ
ַû뵽ϻʱټԼһټԼȥãﲻеһѹ
ֻǣ벻ףôˣʲôҪֵûʵٿģûҽͳȥ֪ͨԼ
ַȷԲΪغ̩飬Ҳ˵շãû뵤ϵĶ䣬ǵ֪飬ҲûбҪΪһСǵͳʱٿʽĻ飬ң¸ۿֻһС˵䲻Ļغ̩ûбҪһġ
ؼǣַҲֻջã޲ؾ˻ʹյʹ͵֪˹ȥ֪ͨԼǰʱĻ˹ȥ֪ͨԼʱԼӦøոʻȥѧԺ·ϡ
ô̵ʱڣغ̩Ϣ϶ᴫϵĶУϿ϶ҲûбҪΪټԼԣڵһʱ䣬ַų˵ټԼĿԡ
ǣ˼ǰȴô벻ΪҪڵټԼҲ飬ܿ˵֮ǰ
ȻַҲͲټ²ˣһһ̬Ų˽ȥ
ַ߽ʱȴֲûԼеţңûϣȴ÷ֻһߡ
ַ⵽ôµʱ߾ߵǰ󹫣
˵ţ߾ʾַĽŲ
ַһ΢΢˵ͷûκʣ͸˵òһǰ
ߵͣ˽ŲʾַԵƬ̣Լ˽ȥ֮ʾַԽȥˡ
ַûзϻֱƿ˽ȥһȣȵľͷһ洫޵̸
ַǿֱеϤһ׵ΪʲôطټԼǼ˹ȥ
һƿַͷһΪµС䣬ʵ۵ϴ˿һŸ߸ߵľϣףһϴһӵӡ
ӳֿмͷһ˿Ȼһӣȥȴмţֻһ׽Ʒıݡ
˿̣λӽϵĵĵƺǺͶϿַʱ͸˵кַ磬ˣҸһ£λǾŵľųŵЩŵһֱڸҸǧһһϸ֡
һ˵ţŵҲһַͷ
ַҲòĻظŵһȴЩƣ˵ϳǧԼòʱԼŵ棬ֻҪһǰԼӾͿˡ
ңȻǧŵ˽ͻȻʧȥǧ£Ҳɣģƺûиеʲô·һģ
ַȷŵıֲװģһ佫ҲûбҪĳֵôαҪװģֻ˵ĳǸʵ̫ˡ
ҪǣŵȥᣬʮҵģȴѾһŵľųˣңַӡǾŵľųƺҲŵѵŵô
ƺǿַɻĽһ䣺ŵһҲƽݳͬҲҵڱѧԺĪŵιͳһְӵоżн׵ʵҪǣŵһͬԺȴҪܶͱҵˣ˵һλš
̧ˡŵǫһ䣬һ³෴һһ˵š
һַͣʱȻԭŵҲϵĸ
ɲַ࿼ʲôʱ򣬵ͻȻüͷô˹ûиһô
һϣַҲ޷˼ȥæ͵£ԭǰ鷿ʱ򣬲ŵ֪˹ͳȥټҵϢԣҲûм˹ͳ졣
Ŷʲô飿һַ⻰ʱ
ַЩ˼¸ۿڳغͳ̩ɱˡ


һһʮһ ϴ
⻰Ϻŵʱͬʱüͷŵû˵ûκιϵҲû˵ɡ
ǵϣɫͻȻ˵ַ磬֪ʲô鶼ԭģǿǲ˳۾˳ֽˡ
ϵȻȥַ࣬һ⻰ʱ׵ϲ˶ԼԼ˵һɣַûгɣޱľͰľ˵˳ȻĻֻǼ򵥵˵һ°˿ԼһŮûнͺܶࡣ
еһַĽͣͰ˰֣ˣ֪ˣȻβ㣬˽ɱҵĹԱҲ㡭ɣҶʮǹȥˡ
ϵĻ£ַжʱЦˣҶʮ㲻ʲôǰһӵϾ˹ͳԼȥһңʮҵĴҲǱϡ˼˼ˡ
ַȻҲ֪ϲĴԼ׿˵ǲЩжһСǵĳͳôãҲԱһҪҵۿ֮һ¸ۿڣܲԼɼԼĳˡ
ǣڵһʱַͳϹһ񣺡л¡
һԵŵѵϵĻڶУַЩĽȻҲǵϵĸϾûһֱڵߣĪͳλãǰΤһģȻҲǵϵĸףûַܵϵĳš
ƺǲ϶̸̾˿ˣѾȥˣ̩ɱҲɱˣûмǴĻӦǿɭԶݣʱĹܼڳôɭ棬Ĺܼһȥ֮϶ͼӴ׵˵һ飬Ҳ˽⣬ɭҸȷԲôƿôСһɣ
л£סַ˵ͷ漴һҪҵռˣҲûô򵥡
ŵ棬ַҲû̬ȣ˵仰ͬʱҲŵһۣӽû쳣ı֣֪ҪԸ˼ӽҲ׵ġ
ˣԼעһˡ˵һ䣬ͻȻһתࣺʵҽ׼ŵʡһЩģγҲЩܻ֪ŵļƽԭǱߵ˽ҪҶ಻١
һ仰ַ粻ɵЩ⣬벻ټԼãȻΪԼһ飬ҲףҲΪԼõĶԸǰϤһֵĵΣڵֺڵһʱ֡
ЩĵӽĳˣֲԼôˡ
ǣַҲ֪Լѩħǹݣǲߵ̫ģŵҲǴˣȻҲе΢
ǣ˽̸ȻǢ䴦Ҳ˸־룬ڼ䣬ǰȥַ֪ͨ˹ڿٸ˻֮ͨͼ˽ԭʵۻ㱨ѩħǹûڸۡʱȴڳеַ磬ɵסˡ
֮󣬵Խ飬˹ͳǻع
󣬵ŵͳַ罻ַָ꣬˵һ˶ֵʶҶ˹ͳǲٻҽַһʱ·ͣⳡС͵ĻһƬгԲ
ַصԼۡʱѾӽҹˡ
մã¾һɫҵַ磬֮ǰҽǰ֪ͨȥʹϢ
ַ˰ŵĽԴҪϢرӴ󣬲ûж԰½飬ֻ˵һ䡰֪ˡͰ˰ð»ȥϢԼҲķķȥ
ֻ°һվԭأòŴɻһ䣺ǲ̫ˣµټ˾ȻΥ

ַصڴһӴϢͻȻ黹û˵һȥҵΡ
ַһβûϢһֱڷذѧϢַ޲ǩֵѧΣϸĵպ֮ȴߵ̾һ䣺ڵѾһʱˡ
ʲô˼ַûε˼ɻһ䡣
ȴ˿͵ԴѰ˿Ȼ֮󡭡
һ˵ַҲ˹ԭȥʱ򣬺˹ڵһʱҵ˴Ͱǵ֪˱ƽһƽȻҲ˳ȥ
˿Ϊܵ˾ţһ뿪Ǹеİ־ĵطڷظۡʱϾѾ˯˹ȥûа˿ڳ˹˵ҲͲù˼̫ࡣ
ȻһĻĻѪȵĻ滹ǻú˹еЩӿڳ˵棬Ҳûκһһʮ˵˳Ϊַ籨им֮ģ˵ĳЩַ緢ĳ֮ʱԾľͰַ˲١
ֿ˹ҲûʶΪֻԼĹ۵飬ǣڶУȴͲһˣ
ǴͰǣȻû˹һ˱ϾַӴʱַһһҲź˹ĽԽᶨ˸ַġ
˵֤ʵڳҲɵüᶨ˸ַģǴڶѽţĻȰܸŷ
˿ȻѾƽȻˣǾûмϢıҪˣҪǣ֪Լ˵Ժ󶼻ѩħǼҹŽҳҪģԣҲ֪˵˰˿飬Դһַ
ַѾĿеɿֵεġ쵼
εַϿνǱḻ˺һſЦŶ˵һ䣺ԲǸϴԡ
ʵϣ֮Դź˹һȥصĸۡԭΪԼ֤ϾԼȻǰ˺˹æʹа֮⣬ʣµĶٶ˸Ͳ˽Լĵĳ̶Ͼʹˡ
Ѻ˹һȥĿԼжһй̣ºҲ϶еĸм֮£Լһж˵֮УҲЩҳ϶һ̨ס
νΪۼΪʵûһĿ̵ˣ˵Ȼͻ٣ں˹ۿ̣дͰ֤ŵĿԾͻߡ
˵ַ躺˹֮ڣĶٶ˱ֻҪΪҺúùҾ;ԲԿֻҪ˭ҵˣҾͻʮٱĻȥ
ĵһ취ͬʱҲá
ȻַҲһ˽ģԭΪ˾Ȼذ˿Ϊ˹ͷ
ȴ벻һҳ϶ȵķȴݱϴԣʵַЩЦá
ϴԾϴ԰ɣǶԼһ棬Ҫǣ˹ܵ˵۸ַ϶վΪԼ˳ͷ
ԣⲻƭ
ʲôϴԣûַĻֵһ䡣
ַŻعãӣļ򣺡ҵ˼ǣҾԲṼ˶ҵˣΣʱѾˣȥϢɣһ磬ǿɾҪˣ
˵䣬ַһ΢Ц˵ʱ˵ҲȥϢˣ¸˵˺ܶʡϣұҪúһˡ
ǣξôַת뿪һֱ뿪Լķ䲢ҹ˷ţһС˵һ䣺ţǲҺҴʧġ

ַصԼķ֮һһͷɵ˴׼һӴϢǣܲɵǣûһĹȴֻٴαж˼
Ϊȥ֮õķջˡ


һһʮ ͻ
ջʱҹûоκˣҵַ硣
˿ַ̣ķһɣķдƣӢ߾յĥϣ񳹵Ƥһϸκ°͵λã͸߳һЩȥƽ˼ꡣ
ҲӲϰصαװգѾ뻯ˣ
ʱַڵϣ˵ǰһ˶ģЩİһشһַˣռ֤ݶˣ֮ǰΪֵģͰǷɢ˸طҺЩطλþ۶ԶȻ£ҽͻزˡ
ҿˡַ˵ͷĶǳңձģһЩƷϻһЩѾ˵
УһСӣģϿȥһռǡ
ַ翴СӲһͻȻ֮ǰĿ׶ǱռǣʶľͽС
Сϲ̫£Ҳ˵Ͼɣ渲һɢɢѾı͸ЩɢԼӵķ档
ַС֮󣬾ĨȥһԵķհַϸһ˿Ǹ⣺ǸˣⱾ˵ռЩ֤Ҫһ֤ݣҾͰһŴ£ʱȽϽҲûüɾ
޷ַ˰֣СӵķϵŷСӡ
幤ֱĳ˼ȴܼ࣬ϾǼ¼һгַ̣緭˼ҳںһҳϿ˼֣ʶľüͷ
ͷһдľǷգڶһСˣ󣬺ּ¼żַ粻ʶ֣һ£ͬڣһ߸
տַ緭һҳ۵׸һ˿ȻҲһ˲ַ͵ˣǿɭֵһżսʿռǣ¼İҵĸųʣµ˶ɫӶŵĺĳԱڡֻһţ
һ仰ЩʣȻ뵽һЩ顣
ַڶУһ̾˿Сӣķյļ򣬰οһΪֵǱġ
ʹ˵ͷǸǸˣʧ̬ˡ
ûʲôֻ̫˼ˡַͻȻǣŷ΢Ц廳һ£㵱ӦȥʲôȻЩעֻܳΪ䣬Զزȥ㡣
ˣЩ죬û뵽ַῪԼңоǰλ깫ƺûԼô򵥡
ַͻȻĿת˴⣬͸ӿϵһ£˿ĿЩһҲܻһЩ˺һЩ飬ÿһԲ֮ҹе˼ܻɱӡ
ȻЩѾģʱ벻ҿ̹ĵǸ˵ף˼ȴδй仯Ҳ֪Щ˺飬Ѿע޷ı䣬ģֻż
˵һ䣬ְַĿתص˷յϣ΢Ц֪˲ܻڻô
ؿַ磬ȴо깫˫۾ȴ嫵ǿһ䣬ͻȻԴľУ벻ˣҲиѽһĳʹ£ڸϣҪԼһΡ
һ̣ͻȻַϸеһֳĹ¶·𿴵һվǿ££۵Ǳ˼Ļ档
Ȼ֪ʲô£һε˼ǣȴ޷Ŀɬ
һ˲䣬յĵͻȻЩһֱʼվͻڳʹĻ䵱УǸԶ޷ͻĻʱǰԴɬȴϵ΢Цĵ׾ͻȻһӦô򿪵Ĵһִһ¾ͨйȥ˲١
һɾΥͬظַһϵ΢Цǰ˲ܻڻѾ޷ı䣬ģ˻ֻץǰ
ַŷ˵仰˫ȥ壬ȴ˼ּᶨ˫ۣĵ㸡һοǣһļ򣬰ο
˲񣬵ȴ˵־ΪȻһȥ־Ҳɢţ㿴͸һ㣬ЩȥֵһҲеοİɣǵ֮һᱣΪǱѩޡ
ջǵһֵĵȴеͬǣһΣտǰ깫ӣĵһɾأصص˵ͷϿҵллˡ


һһʮ Զ
ַյж˼֣أǣ΢ЦˣȻѾˣҲͷˣҾᱻɱס˫ۣڿҲòȥˣֻҪסһҪˣܻڳʹĻٻڵ£ҲҪǰ
ˣҶյԽᶨˣ˲ϲѡллϣһΣĸлĿ
ȻҲԸϣͰѶҵĸлõжϰɡ
ַѾͷķŷմЩ˵һ䣬ϵ̧ͷŷգǾҪˣţһ￴㲻׵ı֡
˵ţַ绺վҲһվַϸϸش˷ۣһļ򣺡ʱ䲻ˣҲȥúϢɣһҪ·»ǧЩ˶Ҫȥ졣
˵䣬ָָϵİռЩ֤ݾȷɣһúñܣԺʵĻᣬһȫת£ʱţô֤ǰ¾ԲȻһʱڣкܶɭؾķйеķŭ
ǣˣллܸᡣ֣سַһ󣬱ɵת˳ȥ
ַ羲ؿŷճȥ뿪ıӰ̾˿
ѵϵһеĿռָĽַɵһͷɵ˴ϡ
ħƣڶʱ»صһƬڰ֮С
ַ֮˵һ˿֮⣬Ҫշյġ
ȻȻ֮ǰѾӦַʮ֮ڣӦַԭΪַûɱһѩ޵Ļᡣ
ǣĵĳ̶ϣȴͲϸ
Ȼɿַȴұ֤һЩ£ջ᲻ΪеķŭӶԼһУ
ȻַԲֵ»˴Լ˽
ؼǣֵַ¸ûбȷٺʵѡˣȻͶǸӣ̫ۣԶԶ羭ḻɫӶųʺϣȻҲȥͶⶼԺˡ
ǰʺϵѡȻǷĪԣַҲƾԼһЩ˳㿪գҲġ
һ룬յҳ϶ȿ϶ߣ
ٴ˼һ飬мûʲô©ַ֮㷭һӣԼĸ첲Ŀ˴ϡ
졭ԼҪԼˣϺŵĻԼܱߣƺҲǺ̫ƽǲʲôĸ󻼡
ԼҪ˲ҲѾܳˣЩ⼸ļ˲Ҳ˷ѣǲȱôôȴֻ۾ɡ
һжѾ׼ĺܳˣͿԼ֮ıˣ
һʱ䡭ӦòôԼܻ˰ɣ
šĸ׺ʦƽԭԼһ··ҲһҪȥúÿ

ΪһʱرƣҲΪյϢ̫Ӵ󣬾ôţŴ£ַȻۣ˯˹ȥ

ڶһ磬¸ۿѾ׷غͳ̩˫˫ϢѾС򣬸ܵǣĸҲһ
Сϵԭ񣬻ǳפ˵صһЩ̶ӣޱŵƽʣͲķűˡ
Ȼ绹ûбڵġ
ųͳһЩǰĻ£ԼƽǵİҲԼٶȴ¸ۿڵĴС
ƽǾܵͲƽȶԴʱ򣬴Ϊܱѡֱǵ˵̨ŻݺݵذЩ˵
һʮʮٰٴǧһֱȥûöõʱ䣬¸ۿڵȺеĻغ̩Ѳ˹ϵ
۷׷׵ͬʱҲɵò²Ϊλүݡ
˵ǻʵ۹һλ壻
˵Ǹغ̩ĳˣӶһλɱ֣֮ԴϹķΣֻΪж㣻
Ҳ˵Ǹʵǻʵ۱΢˽ãϸغ̩˻ʵۣɱ֮
˵ǸصĶӴĳλŮˣӶˡȫҡ³
֮汾ǿз贫
Ȼ˵硡ִһʣһ汾ŷģϾ˶λʱϵĻѾһۿɰС򡭡
ҪѯǸСѵλŮˣܶ˾ͻȻĸ㣬ǿ϶λŮˣΪʲôʱǶܿ϶ĸ㣬ûλҲͲģôȻǳһ˵֮⣬һӡС˵˵ǣС⣬ûǸ쵰ô˻ϲŮ𣿡
Щ˵ֱ׳һϢǰ̽Ҳԥʵ
˵ȺڵǿµģŤһϣŽͬŤ£˳ɻָ¹ΪֱͳСơ
ǣƽôۣȴ²λݣȻѾ˲µѩħǹϣ˵ѩħǹڽŵٿļᣬȴûⷽ롣
˾ֻܸɰͰ͵ĵȴŽµֱϵܿ㷢ۣ
һµʱ䣬Ȩ˵Ѿ˵ģ
ȻʧԱѿʼæµĸƣԤʱ򣬵һܳɹķ۳ȥ
ʱ佥ţ¸ۿҲٳط˳ȥ
УӰľǵ۶ϾﲻҲۼ۹Ĵ󲿷ֹ壬еĹϢ֮󣬶׷ױŲԣ˭֪ǿɭԶݣֱӵ￨ɭĹ壬٣ǻǲ۵ġ
Ȼкܶڵ۹ҪְλĹҲʼ飬¸ۿڳλãϾǿһˮĵط
һһߵȴŻʵ۵˼
ʱֱϵвڿʼۣڶ̶ʮӵʱڣһʱͱһգغ̩ʵԭһε˺䶯
ֱϵǰȥۡλүǴѩħǹ
ǸСŮֻѩħǹһµŮ
ֱַ֣Ҳ̬ǸַѩħǼκһ˵棬ԶѩħǼҲַ
̶̵һ仰ѩħǼǾ֮̾࣬ҲĽΪѩħǹЩֱɽկ֮ͨԱǣʱ͸оΪˣҲˣһʮСʱҲˡ
ǣҲһ˲Щôʲô鶼ѩħǹйأ
һ˵Ļɣܿ³ͳε´ɢ
ȣεĳ˻ʵ۵ͣʾغ̩ѩħǹ๼ѩħǹҲҪΪ˽ɱ۹ԱۣĴǡҶʮ򡭡
˻ʵ۵֮λ³ֵڱ֤һѵķϻǶ֮ı֤ûȥΪǵѾˣ
˽ɱһλͳ죬Ȼܵ˶ʮҵĴ˭Ҳܿʵ۶λѩħǹĳˣ
˶ǼסֻΪѩħǹ
ַһǿڿഫд񣡣
ַ籾ˣʱȴ뿪˵۶̤ȥʡĵ·



 


һ 
һǰʡַЯİ׿νڶࡣ
κͰ˴ٶ˲źַļʮ֮⣬ʣЯˣԳƵĸˡ
Ѿɬģˣһ·żĸˣͷʮ㡣Ͻľֹ޵ʦѴʲôë۶ĹۡѾεһĸ
ΪַĽ£ȻҲһַȻַ绹δ뷨߽£żһ·еʱ䡣
ֵһǣµЩżҲоԼַֻֻҲַ絽ʲô㣬ȴ޷ѯʣʱ䣬Ϊһ㣬µЩͳ
ΪѩħǼ²ҵ߸˵İףҰĲֻڵ۶Լ۶ܱߵĳУһµĲҵĸ֮Ҳһַ̤ȥֵ̣뷨Ҫɽկ֮Ĳҵ鲼½ڶŵ㵱Ȼʡ
Ϊ֮ҡĸ˽ܵ£ȴ˵۶չϾ۶ļң֮ҲŸոճ涼ǺƣҲҪܵԸ𣬿ңַȫɽկ֮Ĳ·ڻûг֮ǰַɲҽԼϤ˴
Ȼܵ±ҲԸ뿪˵۶֮⣬ܻҲΪںһˣַѾѽܻ˱ѧԺȻѧԱѾǴ䣬ʧȥ񽣵ȴܶոУѧԱǶ֡
ַ޲˵ܻһֱŬй֮޲ҪǣܻΪԦõԵʣԻԪѾΪϤˣٶ޲زЩ࣬޲ȴһֱûѯʹִַʦ顣
Ȼ޲زѯʣַҲȥ˵˾ֻһ㱡ֽ˭Ҳȥͱơ
Ϊ˹ķգΪַµһͽ˿ȥյƣյҲѾ˼֣ȥӢϣն˼ּᶨһƥϵսһ罻Ӻõǧ˶档
ңһַ˵Ѿ˾żˮ׼ǰһͬʱʱʹǰȥܿѺõ̸
࣬һµʱɰŹۡΪصĽɫε֮⣬˸Ͳ֪СݣȻ˶ɰСǳ棬ȴû˸ѯʡ
Ŀǰ˼ص۶֮⣬ַȫİˡ
һЩ˺ӣһ´ūгԵļū
Ȼֳ;棬·һЩ̫ƽȫȴҪģϾӵоżǿߣǧȫװ澫˵Щÿһӵļʵ
Щ֮⣬ǰ濪·ĻҽмַҪһװŴССӵ⣬ǰ­ĻҽмĸֺϣǶϺǧ߸ߵһֻ¶׹ѩħģЩϵı־ȫǲӫɵģȻںҹԶԶ֮⣬һҲܹϳ
ۺ⼸㣬·ʲôǿҴַĻôľַԼ
ʱм䣬ɶԼʻĳͻȻƿַ̽ͷԽԽСĵ۶ԶԶȥŽϦӳƲ·Ǹ۶΢΢˫ۣƽϴһ˿
ʻķ罫ַͷңҲڸסӣȥƽ˼
ʱԱĳҲͻȻƿԴ˷ܵӴ̽˳˳ַĿ۶ķһۣתصַϣЩ˷ܵϰ壬ʱ۶ֳһƬˣֽһΣ
ַŤͷ˰һۣ΢΢ЦɶĹ͡
ٺ١Ȼַ󲿷׻ǽ仰ЦЦûеΣһ䣺ҵĹͿɶͣҪǰ˳ۡǰʿӶΧȺڣҲûкܺõЧ
ַͣЦЦû϶˵תƻףңϷжģ
ģҵϰ壬۶аٷ֮ٵģ
׹Цһ͵۶Ȼ۹ΪĵطԼʵ̫ˣܶ޷չȭţһҪүǵϷͲһˣĵ̣ȫԳ׷ſչȭţ
仰˵ĺɡҲȥַ緽еĵǳŰǸҧгݡ޲׬˿ڴнҵģЩˣʱЦˣװİף仰Լ˵ģ첻ܵģ
ǵȻͷİɣҵϰ壡ͳַȭüëġ
ַٴЦһ£ףԴҹ˳
һַıҲǱŸȾˣ˼һ૵˵һ䣺ҲţѩħǼһչȭš


ڶ νǶ
ʮĳ;ѮʼתѩħǼǨ󲿶ӸԴһЩ·ҲһĻƻ˺֮ǰ
յ۹ɹ涨ų˵װӣδͬأһƵΪȫ̵
Ȼʵɵ·͵ĻʼҽڴС
ԣڽطΧ֮ǰվѯַ磬ǷҪǧ·ַ֣Ҳû룬ֻظһ仰ãһֱҾС
һ⻰ʱüͷϾǧȫװľַѩħǹɱ˺Զݣ˼ĶԴ˹ڻȫʱɳ˽һ̵ǧ
ǧḻľƲ٣ʵһŵı׼ﲻ۹˽涨λӵа˱Ƶ˽ǧڰǰģ
һ˼ԡơ巢սַֻܰˮȥ
հеίĽ͸ַʱַȴʱͶ˰֣ŵ˵İɣ룬˼϶˽ǵѴҲԻõͬġ
ַŵĽͣƲƲ죬û˵ȻûϷһ·ϵĲѾ֪ʡλƽԭϷҲ˵ַغͺþһֱϡ
͵£ҪƹƽԭٽʡĻ·ҪʱֱӴԽȥĺü
ֱߴƽԭﵽֻҪʮҵʱ䣬ҪƹȥĻ»Ҫһ£
ңƽԭҲȫƽԭڱ߽λãһЩɽյأı֣ҪԽЩطһѹأ
⣬˼϶Ҳʶ⣬ɸص׾;סƽԭϣǿ϶յ˸Ϣԭ˼Լǧͨǵô
˺һƣøЦ
ַȻҲ뵽ⷽϣû׿ڽͣǰѷֱӶ˴
ճסԼĹ˵˴󣬴˼Ƭ̣λͳ͵˹ͳ죬ʵһܼ򵥵⣬˼岻ͬǵǧƽԭù˻ʲôѡ񣿡
ձֱַӺԭЩƣ˿һӣɵû˵һ䣺ô֪
ҲǺЦһ˵Ҳ£˿϶ǧǿнƽԭ
ǹ˿϶ǷˣնʱͱЩߣǧӵзḻսһһǧǧװأܣԲܣ
˹ͳ죬룬˿ΪЩƼˮСͷôǧڲأЦҾã˿϶ֱӰǧȥ˼壬̲
ôܣյԲ۾ǧϱǴĪ۵ϱǵ˥һ˶׵ɱü±ѵ˲֪ϱ±𣿿ңǧȥɨѩħǼ棿
ǰǻɨѩħǼ棬룬Ҳһϱ±𡣲̾ĵؽ͵鲻ĽǶȥǧ˿϶ǳԿģùֿϳԿ𣿡
װĴԲƹ𣿡ոоˣЩܻ˵һ䡣
ЦЦѺõķյļЦʵֻһνǶȵ⣬϶Ҳףδ϶ҪԸ˼壬Ҫ֮ҲҪһɡ
˱ǧʹηϵ۹ķɹ涨˿϶вǣΪ˵ͳ죬϶Щһƽԭ˼˽ȻЩ󣬵˻֧Ԯǧһ̶ϣҲȡϱѵ±λá
һ˻صأ˽ٺúõѵһӣȫͿԴŴ˵˽һѩǰܡ
˽ıϱȺ˽Ƹ߳࣬ʮ˵˽ȫһС͵սţʱ򣬾֣ʮ˵Ĵ󲿶ѵפֻ˵ƽԭ
ԣ˼岻ͬǧĻǴеĲһսɡ
룬ԶһЩεĹԱе
˵۲Ѻǧֻ˼һ̬ȣҾã˼϶Ϊһؾһ˵Ĵ෴ǻһù˸е⣬ԣҶ϶˼Իͬǧ˳ͨƽԭ
ðɣҳұ˵ˡճĬ˰죬ֺ޺޵һ䣺һӵĶ
һΣûٽʲô΢ЦŷճĬ
ձЦ񿴵Щëһɣлصַߡ
ַ翴ŷ㬵ı飬֪Ѿ͹ӵ飬ǣЦкװķգ룬Ӧûκε˰ɣ
ȻֱϷĲоַкҲֻʵʵػشǵģˣѾˡ
ǺǡַЦЦ˷յĲʣοˣװͳ죬δ㻹ΪҵĽҪһɥģóͬҪԼгģ
⻰΢˼һ£ǰԼһӵ˱ԭӶϣձʵľУǹһڡʹ̲ԼóģΣҲûʲôÿϧġ
Ҫ÷ȥ̣ԼһЦĵ
ͨһ㣬յʱͺ˲٣ַҲܴӷյпϸ΢ı仯ٴο˼䣬
ַѾﵽһٽ㣬ܾܿʱͻƵżˮ׼Ȼ¼ʻǻһЩַԽ뵽״̬ץÿÿȡմﵽʥľ硣
ܿ죬˵ѩħǼĴ󲿶˳Ľ뵽ƽԭ߽ġǡǵĳϣ¡¡صĽӴַ磬ǵɫѾΪַ󲿶Ӱźס
ȥĸأϣ¿ûжѪԵϵңѩħǹֲССĳܵģټҲûнյ峤ɭκָʾȻúúźˣ
ǣϣ³׼ٷʢ磬˶Ե쳣ģպг֮г˻Цָ֪֫İĵĺ
ַ磬ǻڵķΧУȴ͸ԶԶϵķ˹ȥ˫֮¶һܰǸϤļҵķ


 Ů
־ʱĸ·ѩħǼӴ󲿶һһСϡ
һСϣַʱֹ˴󲿶Ӽǰ֮˳
ʱ䣬ѩħǼ˼صϢѾƽԭϾôĴ󲿶Ӿסǵ
һҲ⣬٣峿СϴʱѾɽ˺
ַһΪ߳ס˲˵򣬵Щ˶ԾԶԶģЩȫװʿ˺Լ
¶ַͻȻͣ¸еЩ⣬ʱ䣬ѾԼļֵεֻһרõ󹫵˼Լƺϴóֻһֱû˵鳩˲٣ÿһ춼ôˡ
ֵǣÿеĹ˶ʲôԸһֱͱ㲻һͻȻֹס˵ǰɵоر졣
ַϸϸ˺һ羰Ҳûнʲôԭش֮󣬱ͽߵϡ
ʱַһֱԵʣɵС򣬲ֻǾ˶ݵľɥ֮󣬾뺺˹Ů˿ܿ浽һ
СԸȻܴ󣬵ȴڣҪǣʱ䣬༸ѾӮ˵ϲЩͨǡ
Ϊܶ˶ֻ֣ſϼڣһЩܶ಻֪ǺһСԶ䵽ϣֻΧתȦֱÿǲɵ档
ʼʱ򣬵һ֡֡Ȼ򣬵һֻųɹʱʱʧҲЩʧ룬˷׷ײĿ
˿ֻĴʱҲɵһΪͳķտֻ񣬳ڱκ˰ȫలȫĿģԥľͳȥ
Ȼξ޴󣬵һսʿܽնɱ˵ӵоżʵԪصķˣ
ɾڷճ嵽·ʱ򣬾ﴫȴƫƫ˺
ǣͳʶľͶһ£Ҳһ£ֻ˳ĳϡ
˶֪Ȼ㲻ͶƢҲ㲻˳ֻ೵ϵʱ򣬱ֳ˳ֱһֻ޺Сè
˾д˼̴ٶɬ䣬ԭЩŵʱͰڳϵֻȻҲ˳شԴһֻᴥС
ǳԾǣһֻ۵СָŴԴȴСèֳһΪܵӣﻹϷһЩ䣬ǸһȻĻøǵĶ˼
һĻʱ˶ЩԼͷĹȴûзµԾؾűǵĹ
ձϾڼԭһӣԷϵȻ̫⣬һЩ˽⡣
룬ǰڿԽԭʱ򣬼еħһֵ󣬶볷׳۾
ԣڿǵĶ³ЩɬѶʱоһЩҲͷǽŲ
֮һʱܻкָܶĶ䵽ϣҲѾֲ˽»һȻŮĳƺţ˿ҲȻȻľͱܰ˹ȥ
ʼʱ򣬺˹ֹ˿׽ΪϾֱڹ˵ˣ˿ֻ˹Ůݺ͵λ϶޷ȵġ
˿˵ûⷽʶˣô󲿶ӷٶȺ˹עʱ򣬾굽
˹ϣȻûʲôŻ֮ԼŮҲȻĺܺã֮Ͱ˿Ϊһֻ۱һֻˡ
ڣַʱһϵĺ˹ʱŵͷ󺰣ϽȥɵܵǰʱַѾ˽ȥ
ַһȥһΪȻ֮мֱͳ˶磬ϷɵĻǵܵģһӦȫ
ֻƷֲͬϷĿϣذֻһħѸãֻ̬СҰһֻһ׶೤ɫߣ
Щ֮⣬кܶСֱַ翴ۻңЩСУСŮͷڵذϣŻеһֻѩ׵Сè
ܰˡ
ַһͻȻʱƻܰ˵գеСһʱȫŵ⽫Դ׼ַ磬ڳһʱᷢģֻһ׶೤ɫߣַӣȻֱһͷַȥ˹


 ˣ
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һ˲Ĺٶͨ˵ķӦ㲻ǣӵа˼۷ʵַ磬ȴͲʲô
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ַץסһ˲䣬ֻСߵ¶ݣϣʱҺַ۲ȥ
ַ粻ɵЩԾ벻ֻС߾Ȼһߣʶ뵽ˡҶࡱ֣ͷȥȴʶ鼱֮£ֻ΢˲Һ䵽Լϡ
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ŭ֮£ַһСߣǵڻֻۿɰС򣬲СŮѪȵĻ棬ץСʹػζ
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һֻڶ̶̵һ˲䣬СﻹûüҲַ緢ͷСèڷַ߽硣
һַ磬ǰʱһỳеСèߵİ˿վſ˫۾ͳַһ˷ܵ˹ȥﻹе
ڵСᵽ仯һ㣬෢ַһ˲䣬Ż׼ļȫޡ
ַһһѰСһߣ̧׼౧ͻȻʶԼϻ߶æ࣬ȵȰ
һ˵ţַӻһʹزȥϵ߶üöһ£ŰĿ⳯࿴˹ȥ
࿴ַĶʲôַͳõʱӣһѾذſſСߣһ࣬ظŵС࣬ôǲԵģĿˮôô³ȥأ㿴㶼ʲôѽҩó
Сһѵ⣬һС۾ʱ͸һ޹ɫ࿴СһӣһԵİ˿һСèһ߳һߵ࣬㲻֪СԼûнҩģ㻹ǰСཻ³壬³Сҩɡ
˵ţ˿ŰĿŵַϣϵóǾԼˣЩżɫˣҳȥɣǿȥ³壬һܾȻģ
һ˿⻰ͲСߣŤͷַ翴ȥģͰ͵㡢ǲҪˣ
ַ翴ԼСʱãһֱһЦİɣСң
СĶԿԶһͷĹţˣ˿ûоַܾĻСϻǴ沢żɫˣȥ³ɣȻһ͸оʹˡ
³δеһλⶾƶĸ֣ǵĿУСĳƺţַ΢еӡǹϴóֻоһԼ壬ڡ
ǣַЦһİɣⶾ˲ң֩ľ綾ҵѪҺûҶСʲôȥ³϶֩ʲôġ
˵䣬ַɨһۿ˶ĳᣬ۰ͰԼС椣İɣûµġ㻹ȰЩﶼɢɣҴȥϽ棬òã
һַ˵û£ʱˣһַ仰ŤȥԴųڵЩСﴵһڣЩСܷɵľʹӳڷ˳ȥܷɵľԽַ磬ֱӴſڵķȥˡ
һĻַŷĵıС뿪˳ᡣ
ַһ澪ֲѵĺ˹ӭȥȻſһȺгһʱҲ˲ôˣϽͷˣ˿£ⴳСĳᣬɣ
ַһ£ûᵽ˹˼漴Ʒζһº˹ĻʱЦװĺ˹̫ˣһûüл˿ôͷأ
˹סˣû뵽˲ԼŮҪлʲô˼
ŵͬʱҲʶ̧ͷͿԼŮѾ˱˻
ַ翴ź˹ģҲʲôͰѻеİ˿˹ȥˣҵܹʦͬһˣǺ飬㲻Ҫ̫ˣڰѰ˿㣬Ҫȥһߡ
˹ַ绳нӹ˿ַĻƺЩ񣬵عʱȴַ粻֪ʲôʱѾԽԼ󲿶ӵĺ˹ȥ
ַıӰ˹һᵽһůжַҳ϶ȣҲһõߡ

ַѰ˿˹֮󣬾ڶĺҵ˷գԭصԼһάֺ򣬾ͱഩȺгķȥ
һ·ϣַ뿪ȫװﲿӣٺڲβַĺ棬һλ󹫾ȥʲô
ַҲ󷽸ԼЩˣһ߸е˵ϤĳָһһһгķȥҲţַĻһλá
֪ʲôʱһֻ߬ŵСҲָжǱ߬ĺܲ뿪ģʱҲûоȥСߣô뿪Լ
һ˾СгϣַҲܱ˿ԼĿ⣬һ߱࣬һĲɹһЩʳ߲ˣǮʱ̷ַĴ磬һͭ嶼ȡ
ַȴǺܺˬӸɹЩ̷ÿһöң˵һ䣺׬Ǯ׵㣬ˡ
仰̷һ¾Ͳ˺øУºһ˵ڵ۶ѩħǹ뵽ۡÿǰɹǸǮֱӲǮвᵽһɾþõů
ܿһʮʮٵĽΪַӮƽԭǵĵ춨˼ʵĻȻڵַ绹ûʶΪֻǰµһпˡ
ɹһЩ߲˺ʳַ뿪гֻûз֣гĳһ䣬һܼģˣؿȥıӰĬ
ϣˣôˣߵһСߵ˵һ䡣
˶ʱͻع˰֣˵˾䣺Ŷûʲôǻȥɡ
ǡЩɣ۲ϣɫС˵ͷƴ˷ԸĶǻûвɹء
һ˵𡰰ͷơ֣ϣһ˫жʱ͸һŭֻ˲ϨȥЩȴЩѻӸһͭ壺ǻȥ
ǣǣ˽ӹЩͭ壬æӦһ䣬תͳгȥ
Ϲܼϣ㲻ˣתٳַ뿪ķȥȴʲôˡ
ֻǣԺУȴǸһǰѾЩģ˵Ļ棬һ仰ȴޱл쿪ϣ㣬һ죬ַģ



 ʶ
СȻַļ磬ȥгɹ߲˺ʳҲΪ˳ؼҿ
ص󲿶УַŻصϣɻʮʱַ綼ûСԵʣرֱַĻַ
ԭַȥгҲֻС椳͸͸Ȳɹ˻ٰ£ȻԼؼȥȴû뵽С椻ԼĻ
뵽СѱԼô죬ַ֮£ĬΪ˼Ƭ֮ҵ˷գԸȥԱɻһ磬Լʱټ·ֶһҪάֺͬʱһκ˸Լ󣬾ͻصǰ
߽ͬ¿ɻһַܾ˽Ըһɵ˼࣬Լʻ˴󲿶ӣԼҵķʻȥ
ûиκˣСļ磬Ҳûиκˣ׼ؼҿ٣ַ粢ΪԼһ˽£˵ʱɡ
ûƽǺĿ⣬ַͷ·ʱжȥеİѹס˷ܵ飬ٵʻڻؼҵĵ·ϡ
Ѿ˳֮УϾ䵱ɫûа취ٱС椵ģ˵ַļɱȽ²˺ܶ࣬ϾƵĺַļãҲǿҡ
һ·ķɱܿ죬͸ַ֣ܿСľ֣Ҳ漴ʻٶȣϤİܰ
һſľһСݣַ˵ĸζ
Լÿλʱ򣬶Ǵ߶ٲУΪĵμȺϿԵʣ⿴ôȴܰľ
ǵöǰԼ壬һѸͷľĳӡ
ڣԼǵǸƽ񣬲Ϊ˵λѩħǹʱҲҲòŴ߶ˣȻٶȸϲȫתĲУһΣַ粢ôżˡ
һŹеЩܰʱ⣬һ߿羰ַĺҲʻСľ֮ǰ
ľݻԭģֻǣЩķ紵ѾԷɫˡ
ַ绺ʻʱ򣬴ӺҲһªʻ˳ַû˵Ϸ;ŶϵǸŮ
ʱȥ۽ǵλҲһЩƣ̬ԭȻӷһЩ񻡣µŲûдһָΪ졢ݵζ
ݹӣַ֪ȵ̬ڹ۲ȣͬʱҲڹ۲
Ŷϣѵҿ𣿡ͦ˼˫ֱۣӴͽַ˹ȥҵĺӣ𣿡
ǰĸףһˡַƽҲᣬô΢Цȣ˹ȥ
ϵĴһ˲仯Ϊϲٳַ˹ȥַˣҲҲѹƲסеķӿٳӭȥ
Ҿ֪ҵĺһֱţϼеʱ򣬾˵ѩħǹ־ͽַ磬Ҿ֪ǿ϶ҵĺӣ
Ժ͸¶һ˿ʣǺۡŮϵַϵ·ϵͼҲΪ档
ֻǣѾõľһüĿֵͬʱֲΪַЩģʶľ븧ַԴȴ֣٣Ҫżˡ
ǰĸףңΪֻعʸˡַ粻ɵøпһ䣬ͬʱϵض˶ӣɵظԼԴַڵݣʸԴģҲֻϿˡ
ҵĺӣֲֹѾںˣЩϾѾȥˣֻҪܿƽ㹻ˡַԴ§סĲӱڻȻǹȥ飬ǾȥɣҿɲϣᷢʲôΣա
仰ַ˵ζĸůͬʱҲһοԵɫĸףͷİɣҾԻ˼ں飬ں
һҪעⰲȫҿɲϣΪһ޷ı¾ʧȥҵĺӡȲûǿӲַֹ磬˳˵Լ뷨漴ɿַԴַ磺ֻһӡ
ַ΢΢ЩᣬԼĸ׵⣬ټ˵漴˵һ䣺֤ĵԲᷢ
ٴ¶Цݣƺǻ˵ʲôĿȻַɫһ˲ЩףתַϣЩ㵵ַ磬㡭Ѿ𣿡
ַüͷû̻ش𣬶˳ȷŵĿ⳯ȥͿԼĳϣ֪ʲôʱѾƿһ϶͸϶۰Ͱ͵ĳǺ档
ŶҵĸףˣɲҵŮַ漴˹ɵøϽ͵ĸףȻ
˵ţַʱֱӣߵԣһѴӳб˳תȣЦĸף࣬һλʱиҵġ
ַ粢ûн࣬һ仰ʹݣ౧ַĲӣŤͷȣûоԽ⣬еĺŨ£СеԶõġ
ǣˡĲ룬Ȼ޷ղһޱͷųԼĸ飬΢΢ЦЦȥмɹʳȥһʦɡ
ˣĸףλѾɹˡ˵ţַӿռָȡָʳȣֵʦûͰɣ
š϶Ҳû԰ɣھȥȽӹЩʳͶһ΢Цתͳªȥ
ַûж˵ʲôĿԼĸ׽ٶȸϻϿķǰһ漴ţʦһˡ
ŶҵѩħǹˣǺǺǡ˶٣ŴϿº͵Ц漴ֹƬ̣ŲűϿ򿪡
Ͽûжٱ仯ͣȻٶ༸Ҳôˣֻǣմ˵Щʲôʱ򣬿ַ绳е࣬ɫȻ͹Ź
ַ΢΢ЩƣϿ࣬Ҳ࿴ȥȴ֣һ˫мŨŨɻСҲһãȻ˰죬ȻͱĳһĻ
ϿɫʱȻ۵ǱŨĲ⣬̽Եһ䣺ǡࣿ
δ˼ͬʱг˶Էַ֣֮£ѿڶʶ


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ǸտʼϿдˣѾ޸˹
ʱϿķڣԵ쳣ࡣ
Ͽ֪оʲôڸֲϺⶪһߣֱһƬҡ
ַϿڴϣָֻһãȻģƺֱòʶϿˣؿַϣʱʱŵЩɢɢĲϡ
֮ѪΪҪʣɽϾ˼࣬ƺֲǵǣཻҡ
ַһ߼򵥽˹飬һ߹۲ϿɫԴະϿ֣ϿҲַֺʵѾ³ϿʵݣֻϿȷϡ
ϿַĽĬضַ绳еһֱජЩë¶ʹַ绳ʱϿŰĿתƵ˷еĳ̾һΪص
벻Ǹˤһ¶ްȻΪͶѳ飬һΪȥȥͶĴءȴ벻ҸңȻһػԭ壬İ˻˶ٺ٣³Ȼûʲô³
˵ʱϿ֮Ѿǳ
ַȴһţһüͷ˿Լлָ˼ֺֿ࣬˿Ͽŵʦ˵Ȼ仹ҪС
˵䣬ַʱּһ䣺Ǳϳ˵³ȺԸȥˣУ˵Ķ³ûк³ʲô˼
ʵͬʱַҲһɿЦõĸоʵȻҪԼʦ󣿿ŻڿָС椣ַʵ޷ԼԱ뷢԰סƵϿȡ
ǰϿȷһ̾Ϣش˿˵ֻʱ̫ԶûмǴĻһͶʮ꣬ʮֻ꣬ʮꡣ
˵һ䣬ϿƬ̣ǵĿЩǣͶǸԽܶ鶼תȴҪĶ࣬ȻұҪС꣬ȴһҵġ
ַĬţΪһ֪Ŀ󣬾ʹһλ˵Ļ˵еҲǸܵ뷨һ㣬ַ绳Ͽͷ׷ָ
Ҽǵһеǿ˼ԭУ˶Ϊɱħ޵Ϊеŭ֮⣬Ҿû뷨ǣұݺݵؽѵһ٣ǳһЩͷ
Ͽ˳ԶĻ֮УǣȺȻţȴԦ֮ٳһһħ޶Ѳٿƣûħ޵İƾȻʹﲻѵȺĿġ
һĲͬУֻͰͶóԦޣڵʱԦ޵ıѾﵽ˼ߵĵزԲٿһֻżħˣңѡ˳ܶһ֮ģҪȥæضҪѲٿࡣ
ͶȻ츳һЩǸʱҲܲٿֻ˼ħˣ˵Ѿ㹻ˣңͶҲȥѿ˵ΪҲѾЩ಻˳ˡ
Ͽ˵ʱһԴ۾գգ¶һ˿ãȻɫƺϿĽһЩ飬漴˿ãȻ˲ʧ»صԭĺ֮С
Ͽûע⵽ɫĿЩʧ񣺡ǣҹͶ뿪ȺԭΧһǶϤεԵʣܿ죬Ǿͷһͺͺıϡ
ΧѷһЩͷħˣϵóЩͷħ˶ǰ˼ħ޵ģ֮԰棬ħΪѾкüֻ˼ħޣӦĵط
ʱҺͰͶеرŭǣ˲غ֮ȻǿΧٶȣȥ˰ڵϵĹͷħˣðͶٻ˼ֻħޣ񷢶벻ǣвսʿһսʿһʦ
ַһЩɻ˵ðȥԭɱħΪҺڣôʦȥԭΪʲôأ
ַ粢û˵ʲôš
ʱǸʦʶΣգæܳѳ˯еսʿˣǣʦսʿӳ˼ףĹħսʿͳͶƵǼֻħ޳ȥϸ˰ɫĶһһͰѰͶٻħɱһɾ
Ͽ˵΢΢̾˿ҵʱ֪ɫζʲôĴŸƼֻ߼ħ޹ȥԼϷ䳱ʪĿ˼׶ðͶƵǼֻ߼ħսʿʱҲϷļ׶·Ĺʦȥ
ҵʱֻһѵûɱǵ˼ȴ벻䲻ı׶ȻֱӾ͹ᴩ˹ʦ塣
ͬʱսʿҲѰͶƵ߼ħȫɱһɾʦĲҽͷȥʱ򣬶ʱͶΧĻ
֪ѾֹʦΪɵˣҺͰͶսʿģ֮£ɴһٴͶԶٻֻ˼ħޣңҲ׼ĵʩչһ͵Ȼ
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ϿŤͷַ磬̾˿Ӧ˼ħ˼սʿһΰɣ
һһͨİ˼սʿͬʱֻ˼ħޣȻ˼ħ޵ĹͷѾﵽ˴սʿˮ׼ǻۺװȵȵϣûһսʿȡ
ַ˵ͷȷһ£ԭԴ˻Ǻ˵ȨġҲǴʱףϿԼΪʲôϸħϸˣҪ֪´ʦΪоħ޵Դû뼫ԭڣħյħϣҲǶôȫ
Ͽ΢΢˿ֽĿƿǰͨĴսʿ˼ħһûʲôģңͶʱһô߼ħޣٿֻ˼ħ޾Եúܳˡȴ⡣
ѵ˼սʿֻ˼ħɱˣַһ䣬ЩЦΪȻһսʿնɱٶ߼ħޣʵҲܴ󣬶ƽ֮ϣսʿ似Ժһ㣬ȫ֮ɱֻ˼ħ޻Ǻġ
ңϿ˼սʿʦһͬԭģһ·ϵɱ¾Ի۷ḻľ飬ԶԶԼ޾ĵħǡȵġ
Ͽûκԥص˵ͷˣĺףһûüͷŴȻʱѾĵһֻ˼ħ޵
ܰɡַĿɻ󣺡ȻһûоĴսʿҲ˼ħ޵һס
ǣҪ㣬Ǹսʿûдﵽ˼أϿַĿЩ䡣
ַʱüͷ˵
ǰ˵ǸսʿϵĶǰɫģնɱ߼ħҲһ롣ϿַĻֵľǣڹʦûĹǸսʿϵİɫͱ˻ҰɫĶ
˵ʵ½߼۷ˣַǳԾ
Ͽûзϣص˵ͷ
ϿͷȷϣַʱӿһŵĸоʵˣԽĵˣǲܵ飡һǳǿħʦսʿʩչ˹ϵħʱ⵹
ҪʩչĹϵ䣬ʵҲҪﵽʥˮ׼Ȼļ׶ɱĹʦȻͷŲħ
Ҳ˵ʩչħʱΧʲôЧֻ˵ʩչħģڵʱҲֻй̻Ǹ̬ʩչĳˡ
ؼǣ̻ʵڳΪʲôǸսʿȴҪʩչأҪɱǸսʿҲòȥʩչɣ
뵽ַһȻҲ֪ⲻ̫ܣ̲סѯϿһ䣺ʦǷڶǰ
ǰϿû뵽ַ⣬˼룬Ѿ̫ˣЩǵˡһֻʮ꣬Ѿһһʮһ
ʮǰַɿļ˽һʱ˵˳
ϿЩԳЦЦðԴˡ
һ仰ַ粢ûΪʱѾ˼˵飬ʮǰݰִʦʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬹̻ӦѾ޷뿪ˣǹ̻ʻÿʹʱҲʱ伯ڰִʦϣȥԭǲܵ顣
ԣսʿ˼ԭӦϵ䡰ʱ⵹ûʲôϵһ㣬ַʵ벻ԭˣɵֻóϿѯʵʦǸսʿ˵߼۷嵽ô£
ַϣһΣϿҡҡͷҲ֪ڣҲûиʱʲôǸʱսʿĵȼֲսʿѾˣҾðͶֻ˼ħ޽Ǹսʿ͹ʦʬԵˡ
СĻصȺʱȴǱ峤ˡʱ峤Ϊ˱ͬĻԣҺͰͶ֧һ޷ɱ뼫ԭࡣ
֮ұοԼļϣȺ뷨ϣ˰ͶܵȺĳͷ
һ̫ˣû뵽ͶҲû⡭ֻǣô궼ȥˣȻͻƵʥ֮ңȴûдﵽżʱ䣬̫˰
Ͽпսϵգַһᣬ̲ס˵һ䣺Ǹ峤ҪôسɼѪǰҸȺҲ⸱ģˡ
ô궼ˣѾˣңڲͺҸôϿַԴ΢ЦŰοһ䡣
ҸַۣȻԼ֮ǰʣϿֻشֿ˿Щ࣬ʵʦ֮ǰ˵Ķ³ûк³ʲô˼ѪǰΪһ⣬
ңϿϵЦݽȥĬƬ̣ĵ㻹ǵǰϵǿʯô


ڰ Ͽĵ
һ仰ַʱһȻ˹
ʱȥ˵ľݺԶϵǼ飬һϿѣַǿʯе˾Ͽӣֻǲ֪ΪʲôԭǸӡ
ҲϿ˵Ķ³ûк³˼ˡ
ǰ³һİΪѳȺò׸֮ȴİѾǵѾСӵģһȴΪһּ񶾵Ķ䣬Ȼˣÿʮ껹һΣٴ˯Ļ»Ϊ˼䡣
飬ϿɵñЩѾһһʮһˣµȲ´ѵʱˣ֪Ǹʱû˯ȥᷢʲôԤϵ鰡
˵ϿЩΣҲһ
ַڶвЩϸĻǰ飬̽Եһ䣺ʦҼǵã˵ʦĸƺһֶŻÿʮһΰɣ
ǰϿû⡰ʦĸֵĳƺסصͷҲһΪֹںˡ
ʦ˵˵굽׷ʲôʦĸΪʲôǸģֻ֪ʦܸɣַΪ棺롭һΪġ
СЩѧ˲ٶʦѾ˵Ⱥ֪ˡϿЦЩǿֻǣǸ޷ҽˡ
ַ֪ҪĳһڵĶ䣬ֱЧķɱʦϿӵа˼۷ħʵֻҪ㹻¾ǾżǿҲһһħ֮ɥϾħʦ൱һǸšˡ
ҪǣħʦʦǣϿɱʦԼͰˣȻûôȥ˵ûսʤʦģ
뵽ַĵ׶ʱһͷ֮ʱȴͻȻȵѾˣ˺ַ硢ȳͰɣ
ַһֹģϿļվˣСһù֮ɣ
ַ統һ˵ͷϿ߳ҵķӡ
ʵϣַѾùˣϾΪѩħǹһ·ÿһططĹԱȻúõַĴ󲿶ӣȻҲΪЩ˰סȻҲҹ·
峿ŸոյСҲֻǴ󲿶ӸոûãֻǹһĹоʲô
ǣ߳ȥʱȴǱһĲȸסˣҪǣһڲƺϵ¶ȻôʢȴԵвͣ
е࣬ŻһԺģʱŵвеʱ;
ַֻٷǳԵЩĲɣ˼ܻƮϿϣ࣬ȴ·û¶һԵ֬ϲ١
ϿȴֵĺȻóԾͳԣȫȻûаϣ£ͣ¶Ѿˡ
ȿַЩĲɣΪڿôԸ飬ڰο˼䡣
ַҲʶԼЩףûнʲô˳ȵ˼˵˼䰲οĻ
ٷֽ꣬Ϻϵ֬ʰַ֮бϿصķ
һΣһ£ַʱͿڵʦѵǸʦʵѾﵽʥľôϾʵɵʦӦòɣ
仰иһ˼˵Ǹʦʵһ㣬϶ͽˣϿҲõֻʮһεˡ
ϿȻַ˼һص˵ͷ
ַһ˲ĬĬͬǣֿЦȴֿɱĸоЦǣԼ鼸ʥʦѲϵǰڵ䣬ǵ۶԰ʧٵʬ壬Լڲ֪Լʦӣʥʦйء
ҲȷʥʦڵҲֻһλԲֵܳڶλǴ󻷾ɵĽ
ɱǣԼȫпɱǸʥʦĻᣬһɱǾʬ壬Ͳ֮԰ʬȫʧٵ飬ڵԼʦӵĶҲܵõ
ǣȴΪԼ⣬ôõһᣬֿĻᣬԺˣҪɱʥʦҲֻԼﵽʥ֮пˡ
ɱɱַҲϵǰʵҲͲⷽϼᣬһεʵҵʦ굽׷ʲôԸȻûкܶྫͨ˲ţһЩǾҵʦĸİ취
û⣬Ҳѹ̫ˣȻ֪˰Ͷ飬Ҳ͸˵˵ҵ°ɣ
ϿһУ֪ܲҵ㣬һǱյĵΪһδֵħͼյҵƳڶķҲɲţǸħϯЩϼһǰ
ַ仰̲ס̾һʱ䣬Ͽһֱ̨ڣȴȻûжٽչֻȴ벻ϿĿľȻΪҵϵĶİ취
ңĻԼʦƺħӡôַ粢ûж룬ϿĻʵһأ
һ桭˵ϿͻȻĬעַ磬ĿҲϵƺ뵽һЩԶʹ飬ϵıҲ粻
ַûдϿоԼʦһΪ˵ʵһ˵ȻԼ𾪰ٱ
ϿַĿ⣬Ҳĸӣһ˵ᣬƺв̸顣
ַ绳е࿴ųĬȴƫƫӶԷˣһ˫۾ǲ⣬Ͳ˵Ϊ
ãϿſ˿ڣһ仰Ҳַĵ˰ٱࣺһ棬Ϊ㵱ҵĶӡ
ʵ˵ַҲйĴΪϿʵ̫ˣֻǣȻãȴûеõϿ֤ʵʱϿ׿˵ĵ׳֮⣬һȫů
һǿҲһ棬ھƹ㣬ǿسǸһȥͷ·𿴵˵Ӱӡ
Ͽ̾ϢһʵϣҵƢһֱ̫ãǴӰȥ֮󣬵ǣȴܶԵʱǿκ̫˰ɣ֮󡭡ɳһδӱѧԺʱ򣬿˴ĸı䣬Ҿ񿴵¶һ
Ķӡַʶѿڶֻ˵һͷȴֲ˵ȥˡ
Ͽ΢΢Цһ£ǵģһѾˡ
˵䣬ϿֳĬƬ̣һ˿һҵĹ°ɣҲϣܴҵһЩʮĵǣҲðȵõİϢ


ھ Ͽ
ϿַҲǷھʮǰ顣
ԭʮĿϳ³Ⱥ뿪ԭ󣬾ڱԭһðն飬ʱӽԭðն黹һ࣬ûɸΪĿĵӶţֻһЩ̽ðռҡ
ʱǵձʵôǿԭҲǺ˽⣬ӯΪĿĵӶҲֻڱԭΧвܽ뱱ԭǽӽԭĶ飬ӵмǿʵ
ʮĿ˵ļһɵð߶飬ֻǣ𿨶ôʱ򣬻ĿܿͱһµĻԣװһӷƬ絶װħʦķУʾԼǷӶ˵š
ֻʱûвһŰɫӣ뷢Щ׵ˣɡ
ðն죬ҲϤһ˵ְҵУ˶֮ǰսʿ˵ĶȴǻҰɫģʣµǸ뷢Щ׵ͷȴʱ˵ħʦңǷϵħʦ
ʼʱ򣬿ЩֲϵħȻÿǸħʦͷħʱܻСĵĹ۲죬ħʦҲǹ۲һÿͲٿħʱվλãÿ۵ס
ȻʱѾ˵³ȺȴǶЩɱħ޵еΪ񣬶Ԧ޵ıûһ֣޷ǰ֪ͨЩԱɱĿ꣬Ǿ롣˵峤ȺֹʹԦ޵ı죬ʵ仰ûмֱûʲô
ȻҲýܣðնʱ䳤ˣҲԽֱܷħͷˡ
磬򵥵ķУħʦþڿнԪضƾģ絶ȴǽ練һַӶγɵġ
˵˺ֳȴűʵֻҪˣ׾ܱϳ
һһ㣬жʱͻ״ħʦΪʲôҴԼҲ˲ЩԱڵҹ˶˯֮󣬿սսҵ˴ħʦѯеԵɡ
ϣûзеκһħʦֻЦŸ˭ԼܣֻҪȷûжûҪǵȥҴ
شþʧĿ˲ٺøУɺøеĴ£ͷһȣ¸ҵܷŴħʦѧϰħ˼
ħʦûκԥ˿ħʦĴ֮ڵҹΪħԣ˵ǣħ츳˳ľͳ˴ħʦͽܡ
֮ĽӽһµʱڣħʦûдڿκħǼоҶԸħޣȡԺо
ڿ֪Щ˵֮󣬱û˵ʲôȴ׼ڴħʦԼħ֮İһЩħ޵ϸ
ٺֹ˼ʱ䣬Сһʱг̣ûѡ뵽ԭ֮У׵Ŀһ
Ŵħʦ뿪˱ԭ˸ĵ۶ʶ˺ܶǰûмʶĶȻģҲħʦѧڤļɣԼһЩͼħ
ҲǸʱ򣬿֪ʦֻһλʮžżħʦһλ츳ʥģ۹Ҳķϵľżħʦޣ
ʦĽ飬ѡ޻ϵÿħ֮⣬ǰҲΪʦ޴֡
ʱһζת֮ȥħ϶˲ĳɾ֮⣬ҲڷһҪ飬ʦйء
֣ʦһΪֵˣԼ˺սʿƽжֺͰħʦȴһգʼʱΪԼһʦеԺɵ󲿷ħʦͶĿʱ򣬿ŸоԼˡ
һΣĳħʦ۸˿޺κԥɱ۸ħʦ󣬿հԼеԥȫһĺޱ
ֻħ֮һ죬ΪȥڰһϵĿһòŮ˾סˡ
˺üʱ䣬Щ겻ᣬ쾭෽ǸŮ˾֡ȣһŵ֡
֮ʱһпվǰȥڰλаȵŮ˾ҲڴŮ˾䣬Сꡣ
һ꣬ʮһ꣬ʮ꣬Ƕ԰һǵ͡
ƾ迨ɫĿڲţȺܿϲ˿ĬÿڰǵȴǸܶЦԼ˵
ǣ۵ͬʱȴҲЩʹ࣬ΪΪڰ͢ļ룬һںڰֱ͢ǰûԼɡ
ҲͬʹಢţΪҲףħʦȻδ涨κȢ޵ΪʱħʦԵһȫоħѧϣ˵ûʲôȤö֮ħʦ̸ۼޣѾħһǱ
ĳЩ񿨶һĶħʦҲǿն˿ͶΰħҵУز۵İ飬պħʵλҲ֮֮Ϊ˽ȥѵЩԲȤħʦǡ
ŤĹ֮£ħͽݱһƽ˿ȥĹŹֵط
ʱĿǳģȴܲסջ󣬼ʦ޲δйκֹ밲ȵĵȻʮʱ䡣
ʮ֮󣬿ʮһ꣬ȶʮ꣬ʮĵʱⲢû˵ĸ齵¶٣벻˶Էǣͣ˶Ѿ˾Եǣĳһʱ˾һ
ԭն˿׶Ͼˣȴڵһ
ʱڿصħ֮һʧǵģû˼û˼ħо
һֱûб̬ȴڴʱվ˳߿ҪĻΪһλʦȻȫ֧
δǹĵסʦȴҲûõʦ֧֣ʱѾĻ䣬ȴʱΪ׽˵֧֣жʱƥޣȻԸ⡣
ǣĿ϶֮޵뿪ħᣬ˺ڰ֮УƾǿӰ˳ħᲢڰ͢ΪеĴۣӺڰ̻ʵҪаȵŮ˾
ʱ޵˳ħһǿҵķ粨ħʦĿеĹˣڵ֪˻ΪͽҪôƵɺеħʦŭˣ


ʮ ʥʦ
ȻŹ֣û˶ʲôøУϾħǿԴڹؼʱ򣬻ǻΪħЧ
ɾΪͽҪôһơ飬ħͻʧȥһǿħʦìͷɵö׼˿Ƿŭƫǳȫ׼˿ͺ˹ȥƺڸ߿ջƵ뷨ҲͬвǲҶʦ𣬵Ҷ㷢
ڵʱʮһĿӵ۷ħʦʵħʦʷУֻԺãⲢûԼϣ
൱ϧԼʦΪԼĸϾħ᱾Ҳͬʧȥһǿĺ֧Ԯԣסһ羪κ˵ѹЩԳҲõĻ˹ȥ
һ¡˾ȻҶ죬ħķŭʱ͸ˣѿоΪħʷΪصˣͬʱĵķų˻һΪķģֻ߼ҲԵ̲һͽܡ
ʱҲݺݷħᣬһᴩϰۣҲһ̳һλҪͽܣ
ҲϾܾ˹ǴħԤ˽µ޳ΪҲǸʱ뿨׸ħַ
֮޴ſͰ뿪ħᣬԶֵĵ۶ϷƽԭڵƬأҲΰķ˫ϵħʦ޵ļ硣
ҽµƬϣʦΪҺͰȾٰһĻ񡭡ûҫ䣬û˵ĺƣû֣Ҳûгʦ֮ĵڶλα
ϿϳһɷĹâƺֻص˶֮ǰһ»ϣеֻһªСľݣһʵĴ󴲣һλĳߺһҸЦݵ¡
ַ羲Ͽ˵ɫԼ¹ס˯е࣬ûλ˻µ뷨
Ͽ˵ȴǳ̾һҸĹâЩȥҲһЩŭǣڵǾлʱȴͻȻһ⣬ڵʱֻһвͷԺȴһجΣ
ѵǸʥʦй𣿡ַ鲻Խһ䡣
Ͽǵ˵ͷҡҡͷʱûдﵽʥֻ֮оżʵʱҺͰȻʦľȫ˻ϣûκβǵĻʱǸһʱƴ롣
ʱһۣƴ֮һ³ȥǵû˵ȣȷӦʦļͼħ˵һԣ֮󣬰ȿݣɫ˲ɷס
ȴݺݵĵһۣŵĸң˵һк³ٴδһȴӳȥȴʦһмħֱСǳȥʱȴֻԭطһ̲ѪǸһȴѾʧˡ
ҵʱͲʶһȴ侲Ƭ֮ɫҰ׵ĸңǸǺڰ͢Ĵ˾ס
ϿĻ£ַжʱһ
ҵʱ֪˾ζʲôҲû⣬ɰĽȴҵ͵ؾͳһ£Ϊȸң˾ͨļ벻ͬͨļֻǾںڰħħʦ˾ȴǺڰ͢ȫʦ˵Ͽ۽ǲܿƵĳ鶯һ¡
ֱַʧ˳ʲô
˭֪ʦԹͱΪǼаĴڣȫĹУκһǵˣʦĵһͷɱаϣ
ַ벻ڰ͢Ȼȫһʦ
ȫֻһϵĴʣʵϾþǿʦգҲǺڰ͢Ϊʲôһʦ˵ڰ̻ʸ飬һعڰ͢군ˣ
ǵһͬʱַʱͺԥʵǸʦʱӵоżʲôʵ
ǹؼϾʦļϣܿڰ͢󵽵˶
Ȼַʱ֪ʦʱǾż׻Ǿż۷壬ȴǺ׺۷Ĳ࣡һսʿҪӾżż۷ҲǺܲ׵飬͸˵˵ľʦˣ
˵ʦҪӾżż۷壬Ҫյľ±ȹȥյľܺͻҪ࣡Ͼӵа˼żҲ࣬˵ӵа˼żħʵڰֱ͢
һϣȫԿڰ͢ӵʵǵ˶һʦ
ͬһʱַ̣һֱɻҲõ˽ͣ˵Ŀǰܳһʥʦϸǲܵ飬ʵְǰòַţֻ֮ǰһֱûҵؼԭ
ڣ֪ʦǺڰ͢ȫģַеڵõ˽ǣһ֮Ҳ
һʥʦڰ͢ѵĴ۾ͺѹˣͲһʥʦϾӵħ츳ʵڲࡣɴҲƶϣҲֻôһʥʦڡ
ɼȻʥʦǺڰ͢ģôݵĸںڰ͢ˣΪʲôֻԵʱֻӤİݵĸأ
ֻǣַ֪ڻǸÿʱ˵仰ͽעϿڴϿĻش


ʮһ ˼
Ҳ֪Ҳֻ֪֪׵ʱӵоżʵ
Ͽ̾˿ֻоż׵ʵҲ㹻˵ˡʱʦһڰ͢Ĵ˾ʦͻˣһѾס˰ȵ죬Ϊʲô˵
ʶھʰҲ޲ֻյſµһЩۼ׷ȥҺͰȣȻҲûٽȥǵ׵ʵҺͰҲʦֻֿʦյķΧһѰſס
ǣ˺ܾǶûҵĻص˵۶ڵ۶Ǳ֮ãûֿܷ׳ûĺۼʦдһºڰ͢õĽȴǿʧˣ
ʧˣ˵ûһֱûлصڰ͢𣿡ַüͷ᲻Ǻڰ͢ϾʦͼùⰡ
ǿʼô룬¹ڵ۶Ǳһʱ䡣ϿһҲӦڰٴפҲޣڵ۶ڰסŵˣ󲿷ֶǺڰ͢ľӢͺĵ
ַ˵ͷʾͬ
Ȼһʼǲ֪סŶˣҲܴƳԼҪǣÿӵжʵ˺ڰ̻һ֮⣬˶Ҫʳģ
Ͽ˵ûʳάǵȻﵽż۷ʵҲӲҲץסһ㣬ǲɹʳϣԼȵȣ˴ʱ䣬ƶϳ˺ڰľ֮ںڰ֯һЩڽ̻ϣϸȥ۲ϸڣŵó׼ȷ
Ǻڰ͢ѿֻҪôڰоͱҪоǿļǴڰʦգҲ˵ϵ
ڵ۶Ǳһ֮ãȻֺڰ͢ÿһʱ䶼Ӹصķֽ̺еһЩӻǼ٣ų֮ⷽ⣬ȴ֣ڰиûһңЩҲûпˡ
Ҳ˵һֱûзغڰ𣿡ַ˵䣬ֽһʣǣ᲻ںڰֽ͢أֻߣڰ̻ʵ֪˿״Ѿڵֵʱͨαװķѿ׵˳ȥ
һ뷨Ҳйǣڶ뷨ܣҲӦʦɢϢڰȫģصٺãҲӲʦ̽顣
Ͽʱҡҡͷһ֮ʵûļȥˣѡڰ͢ʦϢɢħ֮һʼûɢϢʦӦڰ͢ΪУʦвʦ˺ܾáڰ͢ͻ֮󣬲
Ƕʱǵ۶ڰʱˡַ粻ɵøпһ䡣
Ϣһɢȥħʱ˷ŭ͵֮Уħٴɢ֮۶ǿ߼Σ
˵ϿЩ⣺ȻǺ֤ݵҥԣһܵвû֤ݣҲ׵ţңҥԴԽŶȾͻɱӡ
ûĹ˵ìͷָ˺ڰ͢Ҳָ˺ڰ͢һס˸󣬺ڰ͢ǿѹ֤ڰ͢ʦľٶԸ⳨зֽԼĴţΪʦеħ顣
ڹ͢ļල£ħĴһʵǿĴħʦʹӵ۶ĺڰʼڰ͢ȻĽ˶ģȴʧ
ô˵ǺڰǸطĺڰֽ̡ûзֿ׵ټַ۵Щɻ󣺡ѵڰ͢Ѿǻģûɰ
֮ô˵Ϊ֪׻ţ׶԰ĸֵľٶҲѾ˺ڰֻ͢ǲ֪ǲΪڰ͢Ľ׵ޣ˶԰ĸֵ顣
Ҳܣڰ͢ףҲϣƾڰ̻ʵʵɱ׼ֱ׾٣
һʱ䣬ַֻԼԴˣ
֪˭Ҳʱ˼һҲΪǱڰ͢ɱˡ
ϿҡҡͷʱҲΪҲôȥˣҺͰȻʦҲΪѾˡڵĺڰ͢в̽ҥԵԴͷ鵽ϣ뿪˵۶صϷصȥʱţǾΪˡ
˭Ҳû뵽ʮ֮ǰҲ밲ȽʮһȻֳˣңһγ֣ͰҴʹԨ
ʦַһ£Ϊʲôȥ˵ڶǰȥΪǽɢȥĻôһΪʲôûбҪΪһ¡ΪһΪʳŮ˾ðűż۷˫ϵħʦɱΣգôԶǰȥ˵Ƕκݻɣ


ʮ جεĿʼ
ްɡ
ϿЩͳҲһЩԥڵһȥ۶ѰҿټʱҾʹ飬ʱҲãȻıʾ֪ΪʲôңҲڶεʱ򣬲һĶ
ǡղ˵ڶγ־ͰʹԨһΣ׷ʲô飿ַ˵ͷѯʵȥʮһ꣬Ѿﵽʥ˰ɣ
ûУ϶Ѿﵽ˾ż۷塭ڷʲô顭ʵǸտʼѰҿ׵ʱ򣬰ȾѾУ뿪۶֮ǰΪһӣʦΪȡһܺ֡³¸ҡ
ϿַĿУһĻ֮󣬻صʮ䣬Ϊǵİ֮ףһǰȣ԰³ر谮ңʦҺͰȸҪ谮ÿѵⰲ³ʱʦֻҪǿᷴѵһ١
³ȴһţӵгɫľȻҲһѧͻᣬΪǺڰԭ򣬰³ûмڰ͢ȴʹúڰħ
ͿʼҺͰѧϰħԼȻʮʱ򣬾ѾļħʦʵѾ˹츳ҡȻʦһȶΪ³ܳΪڶʥ
ֻ³Ҳȱ㣬׵ʱһϲ죬ҺܶʱҲرǿ档
ַ̾ϢһΪѾԤϵˡ
һ꣬³ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ҵʦѾʮһˡ˵ϿȻʵ㻹ǵðڷʯ׵Ǹµλô
ַЩϿΪʲôͻȻ⣬ǵ˵ͷȻǵá
ʵϣӵ۶֮ʦҪоħΪɣ˳ȥסڰڷʯ׵ǸͻλôȻǶ˳ħᣬɿƾħʦĻȥϵķֲȡǵнˮʦżħʦнˮǰּӽ˷ѵоҲǲܵˡ
Ͽָƽ֪ʦǹĿռҲûоܾ
Զǵãһ峿Ⱦĸÿȥϲɹʳ³Ҳæ֮УǸʱȻѾ뿪ħʮһ꣬Ȼǵǳһﲻ۾磬ԣֻҪʱ䣬ҾͻͶ뵽ڤ
ֻʣȻҺŬǸʱҲֻ߼нˮ׼ףͺԤ׵ĳһ졣
ڵʱҸͶ뵽ڤ״̬ûãȾһŵĻˣȻŰ³Ļңȴ޷סദ˶ʮһңǣڰο³֮Ҹ߳ڣСĸңˡ
ʱҵܸӣһ벻ţһȴܾϲζҿȥϢʦɱףԶİݣϾ֪ţԺÿ¶Ҫڵжɹˡ
ǣҾѯʰȣôģȻȵıܹŹ֣˵ɹʳʱ򣬿׾ͻȻҵߵ˼ʱȺܻţܾ˿֮ɹʳ͸Ͻص
ҵʱ͸оƺǶ԰ر㺣ûж࿼ǣΪǸ׼ȥʦʱ򣬿׶ʱͳˡһƽظ߰ȣðȸߡȻЩ˼ɣҲòվǣҾͰѰȲҵݺݵĶԳ֡
ע⵽ҰѰȲصʱ򣬿׵϶ʱһ˿һϵлȻû˵԰ȵİĽ֮⣬Ҳ˲ټʵ˼
ңʱ䣬˳㰵пħԪأʦԮźšȻûôģԸҶ˵߹־Ƶһߡ
ȻôȥǱʼʱȴͻȻһ׿ƵĴսʿҸͲսʿĶ֣סҵħȻˣȴҲһȭͰҵ˵ϡ
ҺлħֻһѪæץȵ֣ʦסǸطȥһǵ͹˴սʿʵ׷ϣɥҪǰȿҿͱǸսʿɱˡ
Ϊؼʱ̣ͬ뿪ԴȡҵİȫȻƺأȴԣҲʱҺͰȶԸ⿴鷢ˡ
³սʱ˳ҵĲͰ滨ģǵûбס֮ܵǰǻ
ڿп˲ͷ飬߹ҪѰ³һߵʱ򣬰³ı֣񵱳ھƹȵһĻһȻҺͰǾǿسͷһħ
Ȼ³ţϾ̫Сˣ׿ƵĴսʿ׵סħҲսʿס³ħͬʱҸеǿҵħԪزͿսʿһ±һ߼ϵħӲ˳ȥ
ҺͰȻа³Ȼʶľͳ濴ȥǿʦֵͬһʱ̣һ¾ͰѰ³Σͳһذף˰³ĲӼ䣬Ű³ԶԶ
սʿȻʦһϵ߼ħҵĸѪֱڿĲٿ£սʿǳʦ˹ȥҪסʦ
ʱҾͿ׵һѾŭ˼㣬˵һȫʱ򣬺ԥذ׸˰³ĲӣһĺݻӰһʧˡ
ҵʱͰȼֱ͸оˣҲ˲ԼƣͰһͬŵڵѪֱİ³˹ȥͿ³ѾǸ쵰ˣѪȫ˽ȥٶȥһʦҲԾȻˣ
ʦҲΪһʱ̵ķ񣬱ǸսʿؿڣһѪʦɱսʿҲ˲ϱŰ³ʬʹҺͰȣ˳ſµ㼣׷ȥ
ϧǣһʦȴΪҲ˲˻֮ʵˣ޷оʹ÷ˡ
˵һΣϿ̾һ»ҸʱȻ˸о»ʹʱ⣬ȴҲ˿Ρ
Ͽϵ¶ʹȥӲϣַ翪ڱ̾ʦǱ˵ˡ
ûʲôȥôˣ˿ҲѾˣң˵ôˣٰʣµ˵ҲûʲôڸһУֻجεĿʼˡϿЦЦϵٶչֻǣȴĿɬ
ַֻܵ˵ͷ̾һ
֮ϿԳ˵˵ȴҲϸѰ³ʬסǼ䷿֮£ʹоͿʼչ˵޺ϿƺԺ󣬿ǵȫ˻뿪˽˳ʮ֮õһƬء


ʮ ԵĹ¶į
УƽҲܰȻָϿһŮܶʱ޶ɥڿµİ³ÿµʱ˵ŭ̲סļ䣬ͬʱҲڴſ׵ٴγ֣ץסᣬɱħ
Ȼһ죬׵ȷǳˣ׵ҵǣֻһγѾûɱˣ֪ʲôѾͻƵʥľ磬ɱ赲Ͽʦޣǿ°߰ȵʱ򣬰ȷŭѡԾ
һʱû뵽޷йİֻȫкϿϣԲ̵ֶɱϿŮڰȻû͸ʬ¶䣬ԷֹϿѳɱֹʹ֮У
׾ЦϿѾ׼ڵĺڰȥʱԽڵĺڰͻڷڱ棬ǽӴڰˣ嶼ܵһ˺Ҫǰеĺڰȫ˳ֻͨҪһӽȵʬ壬ǾͻᱻڰԪظʴ
ңϿÿʮͻ¡ѡһΣÿѵʱʧȥǵͻʶشݻߵÿһ壬˽ն飬ЩҲĴƴֱڵĺڰԪسĴߣǱԪؾ
ʱڿ뿪֮󣬰ȶʱͷһΣֻǲŸûõԵʣһϿõ³İҥͽ
֮󣬴ǿҵʹ࣬Ͽصԭסĵط޺ڶӣаȵʬǸϡ
ϿȻǲʦȵʬ徻֮ԻҲȫΪ취ڶ־ϿԼһҲʥ򣬺ΪԼȥ˱ѩޡ
ʱУϿһһѰѹưʬķһѰҾʮʱ䣬㳹ѹס˰ʬɢĺڰԪأֺڰԪصЧֻұ˷Ҳûҵڶİ취
ֹ˾ʱ䣬ϿʮʱͻƵ˰۾磬ǣȥħ϶ȼЩħʦȵʱûгһĸо෴ֳʧ䡣
ȻϿĺгѰŽڶķûȢҲṳ̂СһенˮͶϣ״֮Ҳûгֹ
һʮһȥеϿħʵһ죬ҲǰȵһΡѡʱϿΪйһΰʬľ飬óǸӵ³ȺġܼӳȻħȡ
ǣһεİϿЩˡ
ʮʱȥƺǻصʱڵʱЩ㱣ˣȴǵһ˹һΣȻϿ֪Ѿˣл̲סЩζ
ƴȫѪһ³ħȵĴۣϿǽ¹˹ײ
ֻ»صƽʱϿǿʯףյ£֮࣬ɵݺᡣ
ܿ죬ʱһθƽϿеʹÿϾܻ֮࣬ȥǸϣһʯ׷ܶʱдʯ׵ĳ嶯һһѾģȴ˭Ҳ˵ա
ʱܻڸоһ첻һʱǸϣһЩССֻڸоһԼŵʱƾ洹ꡣ
֪Լ޷ʥ֮Ժ޵Ͽеʱ䶼ϣôȥ˵Ѿֻҵʬ;ڲ֪бһһϰߡ
ϿҲˣҲں֮ܶʱļį
һԵĹ¶įָоҹһΧеһС
ģϿ޷סеļ尾ıԼʽÿ죬һЩʱȥϵľƹдڽȥҴȺغһơ
ڳԹŬеʱԼսᣬڴ٣ӱʵĽ֡
ҲѾħ˵Զ̲һͽܡ
ֱһ죬ھƹȺ㡭ϿͣĽһƽľһۿӰľˣ˵ŵӰĹ¡
Ĭ˺һϿһԼ΢ЦҵĹѾˣܴҵİ취𣿡


ʮ ࣿ
Ͽһַ鲻Щ㱣ϿָֻϤºַͣ̾һ΢΢ҡҡͷҲ֪٣ҵûȥһЩͨˣûʲôõİ취
ԸҵɣϿȥЩ׽Ҳİ취ҲνˣֻǡҪһЩȻ̸ˡ
ַ֪ϿѰһҲûѰҵİ취˵Ѿˣ֮ԸԼһУҽ֮⣬ͷһжѹ
ҪԼȥѹǿʯ׵ĻͻİȻ̸ԼˣҲòڲ˵仰ˡ
ַϿϣͻȻӿһ󷴿ͷһ䣺ҪҲİ취Ҿɱ˿ףȻͽˣ
ٶȺܿ죬ֲż۷ǿҪռ˵ʱڣַܴﵽʥ򣬶ǿľʦĿǣħʦηսҪ˵ɱʥʦҲǲܵ顣
ֻϿȴ˽ַڵı仯ַ˵䣬Ҳûзϣȫַĺ⣬Ǳ˵һ䣺ϧ֮Ҿʹûм׳֣㹻ʵҲҲûô
ǵδأַȻҡҡͷ漴ֿЦȻҲ֪ʲôطҵġ
ŶôȥҵϿַ̫˼
ġַһ˵СסͻȻ˶ǰһ顭
ַǰɱ׶ʵϿ˵һ飬ִӿռָҵ˿׶ռǣһ߷Ͽ鿴һ߼
ռʱעշϵƶϣ׾¿׶ʱѾﵽʥ֮ǰһֱЩ벻׿׾ʲôˣȻܴӹ͢׷ɱΧаһͨʥʿȳҲǵõ˺Ľˡ
ʥǿҪһˣҪǶԷûʥǿߵĻǸ͵סġ룬½ϣӦûʥǿߵֶɺϽСסɣ
Ͽϸַķǰһ֮ȴָһɵģӦûǡСһ㻹һЩɣɰȵòҲ뿴ҹĵˣһϡ
ʦİɣû㹻İգǲȥðյġַ¶ůЦݣĸ׿ɾһӡ
Ȼô˵ַﻹ˾һﵽʥ㹻ʵͰѿ׶ԼɱϢɢȥϿеӦһȽϹŹֵˣַӡòע顣
Ȼ֪ںڰ͢Ϊʲôʶ͢Ŀ׶׼Ȼðŵ͢Σվȹһο׶֤˵ĸӦ
Ҫÿ֪˿׶Ѷ֪˿׶Լɱģƾʥʵز̾ͻҵԼ
һʱҲԼȥѰ¾ͻѰԼˡ
ȻǰỹǱﵽʥ򣡣
뵽һЩַ粻ָоѹ˼֣ڼе鶼Լʵ˹ȫָˡʥϡ
ˣСһٿЩˣڶ棬ǻ̸İɣšϿ˼Ƭ̣λ׼ס೤ʱ䣿
ȻҾ͵ûȥ
ַ类ϿһϣҲȻع̾˿Ҵӵ۶˰ǧϵأ١Թ緹Ҿ͵øϽϽϻȥںĵϣôˣҪǳ˵ʲôӵĻɾͲ̫ʰˡңǱҲŽӣԣһλֻĸ׺ġ
ŶðɡϿ˵ͷûж˵ʲôֿһ´ɫַ绳Ѿ˯ࣺڻЩʱ䣬˯һɣҴ֣Ҫһ

ϿæʱѾӽʱ䣬ַϿķȥһ
ַͣµĳȻ㲻ϷʢһȴҲܰ
ùַ֮Ȼӵ۶ȺϿЩｻַ֮ʹ뿪뿪Ÿֳʹµĵط
һΣַ粢ûֱϿȥص뷨һ֪ȵûнϿ϶ĵ뿪ȾΪҲᶪϿһ˸Լ뿪
һ棬ԼرϾûȥ˵ﰲȫңպһԸ˻Σաڻ֪ԼʵݣԸҲòжٹ˼ɡϼȻΣյĵطҲȫĵط
ϣһ߸ַһϸϿ飬˵һλȫ뵥ĿһȺϿ벻ΪС򣬾ǣһôҪȴֱӾ˯ˡ
һλҲջСȥϿݺ;ʱ˵룬Լʥʦ飬֪ԺҲ
٣ַԺУѾ˴µһӡˡ
ֻǣһΰĿǵⷽʱַͻȻһʶһҪ⣡
Ȼ뵽Ǻڰ͢˿ףǾԲϣȻţԾ˵ٶͻƵʥǾ֤ڰ͢һֱ򣬵ƾԼҪʥ²һ׵顣
ң갲ݵĸ游ڰݵĸʱȻ֪ڰ͢ʦ飬϶ͲȥҺڰ̻ʽˣ
˵Ǻڰ͢˿ףǿ׵ۺڰ͢Ӷ룬֮øĸķߺڰ̻š
ϾʵҪɱһӤֱ練ƣòֶΣµǸݵĸʵģ
һǵַвһ𣡣
ҪĻǵɾͱøӶˡ
ڰ͢ŵѲ飬ûÿݣͶ͢ȥԵףҲȻÿʱù͢ĳǿĹʦʧڲ˺ڰ͢Ҳõ˾޴ĺôҲΪʱϿǲûзֺڰ͢
ϾԵס飬ڽӽ͢УӦǺͨһˡ
ôȥĻûеõ飬Լܵ˺Źֵ飬֮ύ˿׶ûѣҲ˵Ĺȥˡ
ȥƺһж˳ˣ
ѵô
ɡʵľַϸĿһ£лһЩɵ㡣
ɵǣڹ͢Եףÿʱʧһǿߣѵ̻ʾûʲô𣿶ңʦսʿҲǷʦûжħôߵȼʦ룬̻ʾô
֮ڰֵ͢ġʦ粨ѵ̻ʾûлɿ
ţַ粻ָоԼͿ
Ҳǵģô಻Լʲôʱʲôݣɱ͵ɱʹҡҡͷַأһ䣬ǿԼٿ顣
صϵʱ򣬷Ѿϣеĳ飬ַûж˵ʲôѳԱ˯ŵ౧ϣԼ¼ʻһͷ˼
˿ƺЩ˵ӣҲȥѯʲôַҲס񣬼̸˸ϣƬΪֵء


ʮ ֵĶһ
ʡλڴ½϶ˣƵƽϾһ޼ʵ滷һƬƬߴɽмܶطҲŸִСһɽ˵һغƽԭ˵һɸִСһĴء
ڵλ⣬ʡ괦ʪУȴ½ҲԵøů͡
򣬼ɽ赲ס˴磬ʡÿ궼˳Ķ֭ÿ긳˰ʡΪ۹ṩ˰֮һ
˵ϰʡַأҲûпǷ١
־һܶʱ䣬ַĳ̤ʡı߽磬ֵһǣڿ쵽ʡ߽ʱַƽԭ϶ˣڼ˼ĳǱ
ǱһСɽ֮Уɽˮ羰ˣǱһСɭ֣Ǳ彨Ϊ㣬ַĳӴɭֵһʻȥʱַ͸ɭԶԶɽΰֲʧµĽ
ʱַͣϢһ£ԼĵɭԶĳǱ񣬶Ǹʱ򣬺˹Сǰһֽȴִַ磬˼ֳǱ벻ۣ
ұʾȫԸַ罨һ⻹ҪΰٱĴǱ
ַ˺˹ʦȻ˹Ľյжǿ϶˹ϲˣȻ˼ĳǱǾ֤յļȻ֮ϡ
ַ֪˹һȺ˹л̫ҪԭǷŲеĹ磬汾µˣͱˡ
ЩѡͶԼԼ;Щ˼ûԼϡ
ǣź˹ĻַвһָʽĹűԼĹ˵˺˹Ȼ˹һʱȫַĻΪʦһַ˵һЩɫǰһ
˵ĹǱȥСʣȱһִƣʽصǼʡιţü߹ɷԼ޳Ӫӯ޳ķС
Ͽȥֲ֮ʧȫѩħǹĵķ
ʱ˹ַ̾Ź˼ͬʱҲ˷ܵ˵һԼ뷨˵Щרҵ֪ʶַѹǣַ˺˹ĿԣϽ׼׼ǰڹѡλ֮󣬾ͿʼѩħǼĳǱ֮Ļ󣬾·
Щʱ䣬ץ󾡿ﵽʥ֮⣬ַ绹һرֵ顣
ڵ۶ʱַͶԸı仯Щ֣⼸Ĺ֣սΣҲǰֽ̣ʵսϡ
־ΪÿϾʱζ̵Ľдһʼû⣬ַ署ֻ߼ʵ߼Ͱ˼޷ȣ˵ԪӵоżʵԼˣԼֵ¸߲һС
ǣ˿ʼдʱ򣬷ȴԾķ֣θͲ߼ʵǰȫϼתİɫѾﵽ˴սʿľ磡
ԭһԹۿַ翴εͻƣʱЩ⣬ԭӼԭص۶ʱλֻ߼н׵ʵڣ㣬Ҳֻ˲µʱ䡣
ڷص۶ִŰ뿪˵۶˼磬ⲻµʱ䣬δ󲿷ֶڸ·жɹģҪǣûԼһյԼôͻƵģ
ַ粻еر󣬵ǣ֪ͻƵ飬ڸɻ˽Լ֣Ҳûȥѯʣֻܱ
ǣַɻ˵ȴܿˡ
ȻѾ˰˼ҲĻԪأһǷյĶ֣˵һαԵʱ򣬷պܿӮΣȻβûʹľжꡣ
ԭΪȥˣȴ벻˺ÿһ죬ζҸַֽ̡ӣҲþܾ
ǣ¶һеһξеڶΣеڶξеΡ
μÿζܾԼΪҵˡ֪˷̡֮࣬ƵҲԽԽȻսŰܣ־ȴ޼ڴﵽʡ߽ǰһ죬һʱ䣬һдĴΡ
󣬷ʵڶסˣֻҵַѰ󡰾Ԯ
ַԭΪոһҲһˣϾʱ򣬷տɶڼԭΪĹ춼дĳ棬ַҲûԤ
ֱҵַŻȻ˹ԭǿԼϣô졭
󣬿ŷίģַļЦ˺һҵΣѷյ뷨תڲѯһͻƵ⡣
ֻƺǲûԭĸԸ̲ס̾Ϣ˺һϷһ˵ļį
ַ翴Ҳûмѯʣο֮ͼˡ
ﵽʡ߽磬һûܵɧŵķãַͬ󣬱һǧ˰پӣԼʣµĶپʼ򵥵ʵؿΧĵΣ˳Ҳ쿼硣
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ˣǱϻˣϽ˿ʲôɣ³󣬰żյӰʱҲ˽
ַͷ³Ӧһӷеӣ򿪺ȡһɫСƿһ͸ƿӴɫСƿеԼһĵɫҺ壬ݵַǰˣƵġⶾҺܽ½ϺܶೣĶأǽⲻ˵ĶҲһЩѹãȷȥΪ塣
塱ʣַʱ͸һɶ񺮣ûԥӹ³ݹĵɫҺſھͺȥֵݸ³˵ˣڽ״̬
ַûзϻ˫۽ѹ״̬ʱܲȥǵ㵭ɫҺ壬ܿͱԼգܽԼǣǹɵɫҺԼߵʱҲǹɷۺɫһۺɫٶȻҪ࣡
˿ЩԥҪҪ˫۰ֵ˵ʱøоһԼǰʱ뷨
ڣ˶Ѿס˺ǷջǴֻǽ£ʱĿⶼ³ϣҴ
ַֻһʲôԲɫӣӵ¶иԼָĺɫ³ǸУʱ³һֻӣһַֻ档
ǣʱһţ³ϵıҲԽԱߴ˿ϵɫҲԽżոǼʲô
֣ѽ³ĹߣСӣҴûмôֵ顣
ѽ˵ôˣ㵹˵ѽһ³أԶԣżһ´ȣҲһеģ
ַ˫ۣоϻָ˲Ҳɵʵ³ľ飬ʲô
شˣеĶһַۺɫǾһֺձ飬ȴ޷ƽҩԾ綾ΪջԢ̬վ£ãȻռ£ǻһḶ́һԶ
³ΪأջʮֲͬĶͶöɣ߸տʼоʹһָֻжǰ죬ֶǱһµʱ䣬һ»ûеõҩĻж߾ͻѪҺʹ
ֶȻ״ȴֻһЧЧҲֻаףǳףջ޷뵽˵ڣͻԶڿɢҲγɲ˴ɱˣ˵ñȽޡ
ңջֻʥµǿЧɹؼǣ½ϵĶ붾೬ǧ޷жϳеջʮֶͶ棬ԣʩߣ޷ƳȷĽҩ
˵³ɫͻȻùŹǣҷΪ˼壬ȴִڵջڿټ٣ң˷µĽⶾҺЧҲڲϼƺ˵һԿֵ״Ҵδܲ˵һڵĸо
ڵ״˵Ĳ̫һȫ֮⣬û쳣оˣšҲܸо𽥻ַָһ£Щȷʵ³ֵʲô
ʵϣַһֱȷԼǲǰٶ֣ϾӴĶҲ࣬Ȼ֩ľ綾ǰЩߵĶҺûеʣҲ޷ȷջ׶Լá
һԵĴַĻҲʱߴٵ³󲮣˵û飿
³ûش𣬶üͷַ練ʵˣֱܲҿһ£
Ŷû⡣ַȻ³ʲôǴ󷽷ĽԼӾ¶ֻ첲
һ첲¶ͿԼ˫۵ڲദķۺɫϸߣһֱ쵽ҪӽλãֻϸۿɼٶѸţò˶೤ʱ䣬ϸ߾ȫʧ
³״϶ʱ͸ֳһãִɻĸɫ
ַ翴ʵ³ڵʲôʲô
شˣҵľ飬Ѿ½ҩ״
³üͷ͵ֻ֪Ҫջ˵˫ڲͻ⴦һۺɫϸߣһֱ쵽λãûмʱ½ҩȻж߲оʲô쳣״˫ڲĺÿһվͻһֱ֣һºж˫ȫɷۺɫͻᶾ
ڷջĽҩж߻ȫ״̬漴˫۴ķۺɫԽԽϸֱϸ״̬ѸˣУжȫҲ޷ڵ½ҩ֮Ǻϣǣ˵ͨѽ
³һɻȻڱַΥ˵ַͨҲ˼ԼϵĶڻеʯͷǷ˵һ䣺š³ˣҵ֮Իҵйأ塭Ȱ֮о
˵䣬ַһߵǷżһתڣȽǰ鷳˵ߣȻҸ¶ҵҪﵽдʲô


ʮ 
һַ˵Ҫżյɫʱһ䣬æֹˣС滹о綾
Ŀַżջʹ˳ʱַּżʱͼˣ޺޵ˣҪٿ⺦˵żˣʹȥЩ쵰ȫ׽
ҵͳ죬Ҫ嶯룬һССżҲֻܲջӰһֶ
ַվķյļοǼȻżջӰԶ˵ҪҪЮңȻĻ¾ͲԶôˣϵĶҲˣ翴ǾõһЩʲô
ˡ˵ƾͼƣΪһӶŵųԭͲʲôˣ֮˵ƫĻҲȫΪķŭ˿ַĽͣ΢һ룬ҲͻȻع
ȻѾˣǵ翴һǵҪʲôóȻȥ׽»ݾߡַ˵ͷҪٴβżһԵĴͻȻ˵һ䣺ˣȵȡ
仰أַ粻ԾľͣĶ󣬴ַŻˣǽһɣȻ³ҲΪİȫ³һ°ɣ
ðɡַҲѿԼʵ飬Ϊó˷ģǵ˵ͷżǰ³
³ؽӹżִ֮ǸСӣͷæһվһֻһ͸СƿӣװһֻԼָ׸ô󣬻Ƽ׿ǳһȴǱһС棬һֻǷţݸַˣϣȻжżѾȫˡ
һ仰ʶؽһ󣬶شյǸ͸Сƿǰ۲ָָС棬ʵǸʲô
ǡ桯һֶ棬ҪǱҧһڣʼҲʲô쳣ӦʱƣòȷĽ취߾ͻֱץȫƤֹס
³Щɻ󣺡ֻ֪е۶ԶġŻУôأ
һ仰еձ죬ַ˵ˣԷ򵥰
ַ˵ͷûش˵һ䣺ȿŰɡ
˵ţַҲٷϻӹż󣬾һƨص˳ϣȻڽָվһĹ򣬻оЩƣһ֮󣬱ȡż򿪿
𾴵ѩħǹֵˣ
ȣǸΪŵʱѾԾ綾һԾ綾ƮŷۺɫһҪСƮŷۺɫһµʱ仹òҩĻͻȫѪҺڶ
ҲҪģΪһµʱǺܰȫġ
ҲҶҲöʱȥƽҩеԾ綾ΪջȻֻһֳĶҩ⣬˶޷ƳȷĽҩ˲ŵĻȫԿһ첲ǲۺɫϸߣҲĴһԾ綾ԣ˽ġ
ַʶĿ˿Լĸ첲ָ첲ϵۺɫϸѾҪ˵⴦ˣòһʱ䣬ۺɫϸ߾ȫˣջľ綾Ҳȫõ
 ڶ־綾ԴŷǸСӣҧһڣֻҪò˶ãͻͣ벻ҪģΪ棬ҵֵϣнڶ־綾ĽҩֻҪһĽңҵֵܾͻѵڶ־綾Ľҩ
Ȼ뱣֤ҵֵǴһҰȫ뿪󣬲ܻýջҩĻᣬңҪԶԶֹһĿ֪˳һûжٽңһʮʱʮ˰һǧ͵ǡеġķƹݡУһǰȥȡߣȵڶǺ˶ȻͻΪϽҩ
ſѾ·ûκҲû͸¶κιڶԷݣΨһֻееķƹһط
ַ翴֮󣬾ֶߵĴȴſɡ
˵һ䣬Ťͷ³ѯʵ³ҧ˵Ļ೤ʱİ취ʲô
شˣÿ˵ʲͬҧ֮󣬻һСʱڱֳ״İ취Ҳܼ򵥣ֻ˵³ɫֱù
һԻûֵŵķնʱʹߴһ䣺ֻʲô˵
ֻ³ͷһ󣬽Ŀַϣˣ֪ڶҩ确һｵһĵ𣿡
ַ֪˵ͷȻô˽ⶾҩ磬仰ġ
һ䣬³˵ͷˣİ취ܼ򵥣ֻҪҵС롯ˮȾܽǣҲһڵ۶Զ
ʱѾţպ󣬾üͷˣҸоԷֻҪǮô򵥡
ֻҪǮȫ԰ŽҺ뿪òһõһһҡ
ַ˵ͷҲµĲǿ϶һߣǺ뿴ҵڻҽǰѽҽǣٷǰȫ뿪龰
һ䣬żķնʱʹޣȺģסǵȥ·͹ǰЩʼҽջˣҪǴǰ֪Щʼҽȥ֮ڱǰôڮٹˣ
ɴˣ˼֮⣬ӦûеɣɻЩôĿŵĸһ֤ĵĸԣ˼ĻӦòҲڰֽţҲ϶Ŀŵ˺ǻǵء
˵ţһ£ֲңΪ˶ԸԶڵ۶ɭ룬ɼıѾã˵һŸոֻһʼ
ŴĻַҲϸϸ˼˿ɭ֮⣬Ҳֻʥʦһˣ֪Լɱ׶֣òʹֵСƾʵԼûκη
ԷǸԼǾҪԼԼѿ֤ԷΪ˽˶Թ뿴ԼЦ˳ٴԼôһô
ԷȻһ뵽ַкȻֵܶάо
ַһ£άоûбҪԼôԣΪܴԼõκεĺôЩάоˣԼѵɣ
ԣάоҲַųˡ
ֻǣҲû뵽Էʲôݣ˿Լ첲ѾȫȥķۺɫϸߣŻָֻԭɴһվ³³ֶʱϻǿģ԰ɣ
ǵģˡ³ص
ַ˵ͷǺã鷳ȥ֪ͨΣ򵥵ĸһ·飬ȻȥǰҡӦʶΰɣ
ǵģˣʶھȥ³Ӧһ漴æʰԼС
ְַĿ˻ڿŵķϣҵͳ죬ˣҳȥһˣȥЩ۵ļһ


ڶʮ עĸ
ŷַĬųǰȥ˵ҲҶ˵ֻǣҪߵǰʱ򣬷ջ̲סˣ׼ô
䣬ַͣ˽Ų΢һ£ڷյĶĵ˵һ仰
󣬷صĵ˵ͷ¶һ˿ͣûм˵ʲôĬظַ糯ǰȥ
һҪӽǰַҲ˶ԷЩ˵ò
˵һԷĿԼʮˣַһ߳ǰȥһһ£жʮˡ
Щ˵òֶͨ˶ﶼҲĴװҲͳһͨո²ƺҪǵݣѥҲµġ
ÿ϶ûκôڻʼҽ洦ʮ֮⣬ʮվһź··µʵʵ
ʣµǸ̷󺺣վڶʮ˵ǰ棬Լ΢΢̧°ͣһƵģ
Ⲣص㣬صǡȻЩ˿ȥͨȴɢһεı뺷ƣʮվԶ泤ĴȻ壬һ֮
ͨһ㣬ַȷԷԲάоװľˣΪ˵ƺܳȣԼ󷽾Ѫԡǧÿ˵ϸǶɢһɱ¾ƣԷʮˣƺ̫Щâ¶ˡ
ʱַûж룬ǰȥʱ򣬻ҽĴӾҲæӭ˹ַ棬λҲ̫ǿзŭһ񣬲ŵˣǱǸЩһͻȻԸ߸ߵũܳһ¾͵ס˵·ǲɱ޹ֻܱͣסǰĽŲ
ЩҶ֪ˣûʲôϵַİ˰֣ʵĹЩûʲô
عˣЩһֱվһҲûκζٵȻͳеȴԱʵ̫ˣѯʲôǾȫȻûֱ˱µ棡
һ䣬ַüͷЩҽﶼãʱ̫ˣһ飬Ͱѻʵ۰ԭڴﵽԼ֮󣬾취һˣһ·ַ绹Ǵ뷨
Ȼᵱٵ˵뷨οԵľٵļ΢΢ЦİɣǾµ⵽κƵġ
˵䣬ַѹԼ룬ũӦûһЩԷߣҲ֪ҵֲ̫ԵĻǷɳһЩȥũһ¶ԷأšκׯڣǮȻ
ַĵһ仰ʱһһַĵڶ䣬ͳַһ񣺡ˣҵҡ
˵ţپͻص˶ĵذԸȥͬʱַҲŷһǰȥ
һǰԷʮ˵Ŀⶼϣֻǣַ翪ڵʱ򣬶ԷΪһɨַһۣЩŪ˭ǵĹ˹
£ַ绹δڣԵķվЩͲסˣĻҽɫһ˲Ҳ̫ÿ
ַϵķεǰȻһѩħǼͼҰͼǰģҲֻѩħǹˣ˵һζԷϵóַѩħǹԷΪ׵˻˵ôһƵζ֮
ַ簵ʾղҪ嶯ͽǰȥߵӽԷҵľͣס˽ŲҲ΢ЦҾѩħǹַ硤ϵʸǣ
ԷΪ׵ַº͵϶ʱ͸һ˿⣬ȴûκ𾴣ζԭѩħǹʧʧ֪ҵ֣ϻ˵żϵԭһҽ
˵ǰһЩҽڶУɫһ䣬޲ȥ⣬ַķգһŭɫԣ
ɾʱ򣬴ӺҲߵ˶ǰֻǣַԷԻߵյ߾ûټǰˣտվԼԣüͷʶľ㿪һ
һ˲ص㣬صǡٵҲѾԸȥҽӶ߳תߵũС
ԷΪȻҲ˻ҽĶɫһ䣬ǳַʲô
վһŵĶʮˣ϶ʱҲ֮ɫ
ʵϣַ粢ֲ֮ôǹöԷӶɣ
ԷΪ˵Ļַ޺ЦһЦҲᵭ֮ûʲô˵ǴũģȥЩׯԺܲܳԡ
һ仰̵ζԣ治ٻҽЩ̿պεϣҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬䵽ԷУԾϸŭɫ
ѩħǹе־綾û룬ӦעһԴǣԷΪ׵Ǹɫһ仰ǴＷһ㡣
ַڶУϵЦһ˲ʧ³һ仰עĸ
˵仰ͬʱַҲûκԥ˲¶ֱӳ˳ȥ


ڶʮһ ţˣ
û˭˼ԼǵλԽߵˣԽȥϧԼ
ַ⹫ֲŸյأ˵ٻӲŸոտʼַӦϧŶԡ
Ϊ׵벻ǣַȴͲ̰Ľ壬ϵľ綾ôԼ
쵰ѵ治𣿣
Ϊв޺޵һ䣬ʱ䣬Ҳֻһѡ
˱ֻףַӵа˼۷ʵ䲻ĶȻǰȥԷΪ˸κηӦĻᣬַѾǰ
Σ֮£ͻ̼صķڣǷӦһ˲䶼ɼαĵԷΪҲһк޺һͬʱҲæҪַ롣
ʵֻ߼ǲֻ֮ķӦַ磬˵û˿֮
ַ翴д׵Ķ΢΢ЩԾ벻˾Ȼӵ߼۷ʵֵҲûгɣһץסֱۣڷֳһѹĵֱƿ˶ԷĶͽڵС
һֻ̣ԷΪϵһַ˳һһֱֻ˵Ĳ䣬ܵԵֱһƣʱһʧȥһֿ˹ȥ
һֻڶ̶̵һ˲䣬쵽˶ӦվһŵĶʮ˸ֻĿԼ챻ԷƷûзӦ
ַڻԷ֮ȴûһɣһֻ־ŶԷ죬һֻȻڿ֮Уûκͣ٣ҵĴ·ߣվ·ߵ˳ȥ
ʮȻûʵǿӦ֮Ϸ׷˴ɫĶֻǣôַ磬ɱսʿĵ罣ͬûκη
Щ˻ҵģַ۽¶һ˿ЦϵĶַһջأƢľҫ۵ĵһ˲ڿ
һ̣Ļҽ̲סһͬʱ׷ײȥǿ⣬յ¶صɫνַ¶ȣԷĶʮˣѾ˷ܵŵĲҽ
ַöʱ䣬¶һ˲䣬ͺɵնһˣǿѹѾӽٶȽżսʿĶ赲ס˵ֻлɫĿһˡ
ڽӴһ˲䣬ͺĽֱضϣʹİûнгֳȼʬʱ͵һԡ
ַ粢ûκͣ٣ն֮һŶԷ죬Ϳٵĺ˹ȥ
ԭʮ˾վһţ̶̵һ˲䣬壬Щ˵˫ȾǹǦһ޷ƶַٵƣÿһһ˵屻룬ȼ棬˵ϡ
ַһʮһȫն֮󣬲ջ磬ŶԷΧҴ˻תһȦ
һջص罣Ļҽʱһһ̣֮Щ˻һ亹˿һ߲ŶͷϵĺˮһŤͷУɢһصѪЩȼŻʬ壬˶һҲһ޷
պζûжվԭλã˵һ̣Ҳֻȫֻ˵ıȴǴྶͥصɫϣѾһɾ壬ȵĿⲻøȣˣһ˵˷ܡ
Щ飬ַȴûпΧҴ桱˻תһȦ󣬾վĶ棬ɷ۵¶ӵģַ粻üղ˭ʱЦĺܻôڲţˣ
ҡҡѾһĻס죬ȴû˵һĻ
ַ翴ӣͻȻתȥһѽĻȥļһﳯ˹ȥҵͳ죬Ȱ
սס˶Է죬ַŤӣȥ˵ļ򣬰ο㲻ú£ȻҸղûɱ㣬ھҲɱ㡣
Ȼַʾο汻Żˣľ㿪ַİƣڵ޷ַܿİ׼ȷļϡ
ԭ䵽ϵһ˲䣬˾ͱ˫ۣһı飬ַֻĻ֮󣬲˫ۣϵɫһɣȻһ
ģҲΪ㣬ȻЩ˶·ЬĿľǲ뱩¶ǵݣȻҲǿѡ
ַ˵һֻ⣬ֻҪشҾͷȥһղһǸһǵ죬ʲôڶסҵȥ·²ֻҪô򵥰ɣ


ڶʮ Ϊ
ַ粻ɱԼ˽ŵԻ˲٣ֻǣһ̲ס˫ЩԭΪַһѯԼݣϾҪ⣬ȴ벻ַȻΪԼôŹֵ⡭
˵Ź֣˻ǲһֲֻΡΡָָŵǸһʵʵػشвˣڡĵڶ⣬ҡҲ֪ѽɱҡ
˵˵żĿ־壬ַΪͰɱ
ַѾ˿ǻĵҲ湻гϢġһɱһɱĻַеļƻͻգԣشַ֮˵ͷš治֪
ǡǰֻһСආĲ֪ѽƺǿҪˡ
ַûټ׷ʣǵһԼºһЩðɣˣղЩ㶼Ŀ˰ɣ
һ仰Ȼº˲٣Է˵ĶУȴǱζֻͷҡĸ˹Ƶãϳַذ˫֣Щ״ˣʲôûпģʲôûп
Ҳ٣ַ̲סһֿڣһѾԷ죬ݺݵڷȥڽ飬㾡ʵǵͷ졭ңҸǵͷһ仰
˵Щ飬֪ôøϽ˸ջĽҩҲұ֤˻᲻һֻһ첲ȥѩħǹҲ㵽ףҾڡǡʲôֶΣܶʹô
һ仰ַ缸Ǻġ
ˣˣæʹصͷ
ߣַҲһûʲôȤһһѽڵϣھ͵ˣϽɣ
˵ţôվԭأš
˱ַڵϣϺ϶ʱմ˲ͬѪֻ˿Ҳ˲࣬æӵæҵͷҲһأô˳ŴԶԶܵˡ
ķպüͷһۣ̲סַߣָָԶȥǸǱӰɻˡΪʲôǵʲôˣңôˣ
ֻǸСආʲô֪ûһôҡַָһ·еĲˣһﲻǻôӵ߼۷ʵˮ׼ѾǱȽѵˣڶԷҲ֪ͣĿ϶ҪСආ಻١
˵ַͷһܵˣҲѯǵݣǲݾߡ
ݾߣͷʺţƺûַ˼
ַ粢ûͣԽԽԶŤͷεΣҵѡܰһ𣿡
ǲȥߵǸһָָǰ΢΢¶Ц⡣
ַˬЦЦһҲΣҵʱȱˣ鷳ˣҲ˵ĺҪ
û⣬ҼȻԸȣȻ͸Ϊȥ£˵ε˫иһ˿ȣҺϣܴӦһ顣
ʲô飿ַʵ
εһ˲ϣпյĻһֽ֮һΡ
ֽ˵ϣ֮һʱдһΡַ֪ԼҲӲˣ˿̸ɴһڴӦ˵֮һתΣԷɳ߼۷ֵڻңذ˼սʿҲȻҲдսʿʵһҪǧСģ
һ仰ַ˵ޱȣڶУʱ֣صĵ˵ͷѺõַļ򣺡þƲ˵Ұɡ
˵һ䣬㳯ܵ˿׷ȥ׷һ֮һ߸ߵũ֮УӰҲʱʧַ
˵ĶԻʧķ죬ʱҲַΪ⣬ͳַ翴˹ȥ̾˿ˣӦȥġ
ҵͳ죬һиҪȥܻǰȥأҲİɣεʵȻ㣬Ըܽ侲һСĵԼȫӦò⡣
ַȥЩ̾˵ʹһ΢Цˣҵͳ죬³Ӧûں޵ֿʱɥʧսĶҩȥ³ɣסһĶٴȥҵҡ
šˣ˳ð´һЩ˹ʰһµϵЩʬ塣
ˡ΢΢̾˿ûм˵һŲ˾ͳĺȥˡ
ַʱҲҽ˹ȥ
ղһɱ¾ַҲǹݸЩҽǿģЩľ˶ͰѵϰַܲȻҲֻһЩˣû뷨
ЩԼЩַ֪ԼЧǴﵽˡ
ʱҽľæַӭȥɫҲ̫ãƺûдӷӰлָȴǱȷŸˣˣĹͣڻȥ֮һʵ
ַƲƲ죬϶˵һ֮󣬽ӾʵҵѣѾ׽Է˰ɣ
ǵģˣλ̸ʱ򣬾Ѿһ˻ˣͬʱˣǡ
ٱַĳƺЩܳ˵ֳһ£ڿַѯʵʱҧҧ˵˳˶Ӳͷһڱ׽סʱͷ¶ҩԾˣһҪԾʱҺñʱ裬ڻڻԵС
˵һ䣬ٿַüʱֲģɳȥ˻һûлǻ֮ͻиջġ
ˡַ˵ͷȻ㳯ҽĶ˹ȥ
ٻ⣬ַ׽Ǹһ̧
Ƭ֮󣬾˰һ廨˸ֱ̧ӷַĽŵ£һ֮һ˱ˣصĶҩѾѳˡ
ַ˵ͷû˵յͷ˵ϵһۣ·ͨũҵ·üͷ̧ͷʵЩƺװũ򰡡
˵仰ʱַҲ̲ס뵽ǰ÷ܵѵĶЩôֻ˵Щũ֪ĳߣƲѲŶԷ̬Įģ
ľַ˼ſڽ͵ˣǲũֻװũģũ
ţ֪ˡַӦһ֮󣬾ͶӣľҲæŻվԭص˰˰֣뿪֮󣬲Ÿַһӡ
ϵòͨ˫ֺ˫Ŷôһ𣬷ֹѺκܻ߷ΪȻڻ֮Уַϸϸؿһܴᵽһִֿ֮ʵũͲͬ
ǰ˵Ӳͷʱüֻû뵽Է߾ȻվڴϵסԼȥ·ЩйĶ࣬ʱ࿴˵˼ۣҲûпʲôͬĵط
ַߵľٵ鷳˸һװˮˮ
ǣˡæܵȡһװˮˮ󣬾ͻַϡ
ַӹˮš֮ûκԥʱͳϻԵ˵Ͻȥ


ڶʮ 
һˮˮ๾ؼ˵˵ϣˮĽĵҲʪһƬ
ַôȥвˮɽ˴˵ıУĺȥ˲٣ʱͱǺĿ˼¡
⼸ԣַ罫ˮӸߵľ٣ͼأԵŵϵѹ
˼֮Ƥ䶯˼£ڻ˫ۣһ˫۸ܵԼֽŶֿΧЩԼʱʱʶʲôʶҧĶȴ֣ԼѾûжˣһӲʲô֪Ҫɱɱɣ
ǿӲĻַ绹û˵ʲôߵľһͳȥҲʵ㣬Ҳô򵥵ġ
ԭͶԶסԼȥ·ȺûʲôøУȻҲᣬȻûʹöһȥ˳ĲȥǰǳѪ
ٺ١ǹЦһŤͷһԵַ磬ݺݵؿ˾٣ͻȻ죬ſھһѪ
ַ翴΢΢Щü⧲ľû뵽˾ȻӲ̶ֳȣʱͱһѪɵôŭϵ彣ҪԵϵº֡
ַĿ΢΢һץס˾ٽҪȥֱֻۣƽҵѣҪ嶯Ӧƴǵķ²
仰ϵɫЩݣַ翴˹ȥȻַǶӣ˿ַǰֵѩħͼʱжʱһ˿衣
ٱַֹֻܱȷԼҧҧв˵һ䣺˵̫ˣߣ
һ仰ϵҲʱһ˻ȥַȻû˵ʲôȴ̾һ
ԭΪ˹ͳ죬Իҽӡ󻹲һ·ȴʧ뵽ʵ۱ߵľӶвɵ浤Щ
ַҲûж룬ͷһͳ˿˹ȥȻδѵʱַܲɢһɴֿ֮ʱȥַһһᵽһֳƣ˵ƺ뾡أȴʼն޷׽Լȫס
ңǵʲôˣַѯʳ˵һ⣬ָһ䣺ΪʲôҸоƺЩ˲һأ
ַ̬ȱҪºͲ٣˲ûгԼǲͷȥѡ˳Ĭ
ԱߵľһʱһƳ˹ȥ㻰أô
һ仰˶Էһ޺޵ַҲɵüͷȻҲ֪ٵĺ⣬ȫڰԼæҽԼ£ַֻܳ˵һ䣺ҵѣӦֻ˲ٰɣǷܰȥһһץ˶أ
ǣˣھȥƺҲַ绰еĺ壬ϴ΢΢Σæվص֮ˡ
ϵַĻϵɫֱ䣬ʼնûڽ
ˣݣҾ͸һʹ졣ַ罫ʹյ˵Ķߣѹǿˡۣ󻹲һ䣺㲻Ϊһ㡣
˵ʲô˵ĿЩܣֱַ磬ַ磬ǿҪɱ͸Ͻɱɣϻʲô֪
ҵ÷Ŵһ㣬ȻŴ㣬ʹ죬㲻ͱĺˡ
˵ַͣһ£Ҳұ֤һ᲻һЩ˵顭磬ָֽףֻһƬƬϸ
ַĻ˶ʱ뵽ԼԺĲ״ɫ˼䣬ҧһ仰ɣ
ɣǺǣǺЦַЦЦָָԼıӣ˵ұɣǵ˲¶ԴвңͲô
֪ԼֻѡͣĬ
ңǱȣƾʲôҾͲܱɣ
ַ纮ӿռָȡһԭȰ˹µĺڰԳڵ˵ǰȻ˱ȻڵһѺڰԵĳֻҪϸһ£˿ڻܵʴʹ࣬㲻˵ҾͻѳһƬһƬϸܸʴʹѪɵÿ
㡢㣬˸˵ʲôַͺĴĴһƬ⣬˿ڶʱӿѪڰԪصĸʴҲѸٽ˿ڣԼʴš
Ȼһʹ˻𣬵ʱ˲ٻҽĲĿǰľٴӶ߳ʱÿַ糯˻ӽնȥвɵøһ˿
ַԵ˵Ĳҽгţ˵һΪǰĲĽѵٲ˵ʲôֵһֻˣȻֱۣӡšգԼµǸ


ڶʮ ɱ
ַһ仰˵ɫЩϣǿϸʴ֮ʹ϶ȻһɻɫƺҪʱѹסϵʹࡣ
ַʱЩԾû뵽ͨ߶ӵжΪ˷ֹöݻϺͽϵӣַۼֿץס˵ı۰ӴĶĿ֮£˲ӿ˶Էڡ
Ҫ֪һڻûʱڱͽǿ壬ܸǣҪѾ˶ٱͶĻ³ֻҪôԷĶݿ屬ըҪôԼĶױԷϵ
ַƵļãӿԷڵĶɱֻĶϵ
һڱϵʱܵʹԶԶֹڰԪظʴ˿ô򵥣ֻ˵﷢˺ѷεĺһվڶҪǰľٲЩԥ
ջֱַۣɫޱȣ̧ڶԷһһƬſڵԻٶɱҵϣҲˣκλУ˵ٲ˵͵ϵˣ
˵ɫѾȫĸëҲѪˮȻǳųԳܵľ޴ʹֻ࣬ʣһ䣺ɱңɱң
ַһýȥֱϵ⣬ֱһƬ˶ϵ⣬еʹ˼֡
˵˵ַ羾סһѽ˫ۣٲ˵ҿɾ϶ˣ
ٺ٣ڣ˲ʹŹֵЦַɫһ࣬ͳ˵ȥʱͻȻһɼᶨƴȫȻַĳӭȥ
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ַɫѿ벻Щڰе߾ȻǰԼͻļһйĶࡣ
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ˣʵ̫ˣǼȻ֮һ·ͣС±ӦǸġȻô˵ˬĽǮԼĻ
ַ粢û˵ǮڽҵҲûв鿴Ͳ˻У˶ʱ͸̥ԼͬĴЦ
һԵİڷԸµȥʰʬͬʱҲ˵ĶɵúݺһڿˮĵԹԡǸǮһöҰǿɶǽӲӵĻƽ𰡣
Ҳĵô䣬ͿַתæˣʲôԸ
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˵һ䣬ַѹסһҪעЩũ̬ȣȻȥҵңڳ㣬𣿡
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ַһİµļŤȥžЦҵѣЩʬǧҪ̣Щ黹û꣬һ˹֪ͨġ
İɣˣǾԲǰһԼţˬЦ
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һԵľڶУʱͻ⣬æŻҽĴԸĿֳһЩܹܡ
ԼԽԽԶַһţһ߳̾һ
Ե̰ĩչʱڹȻõְ
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ЩͨĻҽַ粻˽⣬ϣַ粻ֹ̰ɫΪϸе̾ϢͬʱַҲ뵽ࡣ
ʱȻ˶ŷ񣬿ɺܶʱΪһ֮˽Լ˼Ͳ֪ʲôطͨԼܵίֻܵ۸󣬲񣬲
ǣЩίʧǱȥȻ󰵵ôȥԸ۸Լˣ
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ҪǣŷҲӴ˽
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뵽һУַͻȻоԼһɲ԰׶ʹࡣ
ǣͣס˽Ųһ̾һɱ簡


ڶʮ һˣ
һ̣Ȼַ޾пҲʵĲࡣ
վԭطһ˼ʰһ飬Ŷĺȥ
صԼǰʱ򣬾Ϳ²֪ʲôʱѾӳ˳˿̿ʱӭǰˣͳѾˡ
ַ˵ͷûж˵ʲô߽֮УͿպʹڴϵʲôذɻԵĲˣ֮⣬ûˡ˼ַһ߽æվҪַ
ַ˰֣˵һ䣺ˣ°ɡ
ַЩԾԳһ£ʵˣǰ淢˹ͳ춼Ѿˣղ˹ͳ컹ڳءǣƺЩ˰
仰ּһ䣺ˣѵǰַʲô飿
ַ˲£Ҳٶãأߵһƨ֮󣬲Żšǳһ飬Ҹеǳ֡
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ַ˵ͷ漴ͽ뿪֮˵һ飬˵ֱ֮ԼĹ۵㣺ǸߵıرǿӲøַĥʲôû˵һѡɱ·Щһֱر
˺·ļһҲ֪ߵǸһǸҽ׽ЩߣȫӲͷ
ַ署꣬˫üѾһ𣬷յҲдɻ˶ûԼĹ۵㣬֮жʱһƬš
ַ΢΢һ̾ͨ߶ӵжʵڲ֪Էʲôǿˡ
ˣҸоƺЩ԰ͻȻͷһ䣬ַڶУæʵʲôԵĵط
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վһԵĴַеСƿüͷѯʲô⴫ߵһ𣺡ˣǰ£ڿԽȥ𣿡


ڶʮ ûѡ
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΢΢˿ˣҴ˹ȥʱ򣬺ܶũۼһһʼЩũҵ̬Ⱥ䵭ְҵ͸˵ģҲЩũȻҲǣȴʱʱңƺʲô֮
̲֮סһ䣺ѵһֱͶ𣿡
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ҵͳ죬ȲҪַԴֵĿһ۷գոϽסְͣĿ˰µϣ£˵
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˵ʱַʹ鲻Խտ˹ȥ֣صҡҡͷʾҲ
ˣ£˵ص㡣ַŤͷߴһ䣬ͬʱҲ̲סɻʵǲǹ˼Щȥ·Ǳũߣ
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Ȱ˵Լַԭûģ˿Ҳǡ
鷢չѾ˷롣
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ȻԼǰ磬ֵһ˲Ҳ͸ԼɵƻùˣȴסԼ
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ʱ򣬶ԷɱԼҲѸߣԼĶҲûס
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ԷҪȡĵˣ˿ũݺͽǶȣԡҪǰҪһڻؾʲôԷҪֻһͨũǻô룿
Լڳ֣ûиûҪΪһЩǾľܾͨڵԼ군ˣҲ׵ĳˣ
ϾԿη
ң˲װʵݶԼַҲûоܾɣ룬ԷԼѶ£ѵ˻ʲô
£ҲüΪѩħǼ˺ǷȥΪ˵۹ĵ棬ַҲûлؾأûѡ
ԣ۶ԷʲôˣױʲôĿģһΣַ޷ؾġ
ӵǣҲܰЩ뷨ֳһ˿һ¿κιǣԺޱ˵еĻ쵼ˡУ
Ҫַˣ˾Ͷˣ
Щͷַһ˲ûѡ΢΢ЦЦŷպʹȥɡ
ذˣµһ̣նʱżǵ˾ڳ⣬ѹ˵ˣ
ֻǣ仰û˵꣬ͱַЩͷĴϣˣзִ磬ȥɣ
ַ粻ͷնʱͲҶ˵ȴû߶һıԼ
һԵĴͬڷգȻǰҲȰ˵ַ磬Ҳףַûѡصģ˿ַ̿罥ӣæߵոǰȰ˵˹ͳ죬ȻѾˣǾ͸ϽȥɡѵŴ˵ʵ𣿡
ҲַźɫϴȰ˵ɫ˼䣬ŷ߷ߵض˶ţҲأԳ˳ȥ
ַͶȥһǸ΢΢̾ϢһҲȥ
ַһ߳ȥ̾˿ŰµˣҵܹܣȥǸ˽нɡ


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ղû֮󣬾ֱӳĶ첽ȥĴֻ֮ǿһۣͳȥ
յӰ࿼ʲôܵߣæ͵˹ͳ죬ܻûף˸ûѡ
ղĻ͸ˣɳĺȥ
ˣЩżŵͻȻӿһµ˷յǰæ˵˹ͳ죬
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ǰԼģĿȻԶҲˣԭ￴´ӾͲµһЩʱȻ֪ʲôͷնѾ˳Ҳͻ˲١
ӦһͰҲͷգȥ¶ӵ˵ͷԽȥˡ
ǡǣллˡӵȥЩ֣̿һزϸ¾ϹͬʱҲ˻еС
Ŀһۣûж˵ʲôŤͷ˿վԶĽ£ͲӣֱӾֱĺȥ
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ֻǣȻʰϵǮңĿȴĳַĵط˹ȥ
ͿǸżӵӽرŻСվԭһģ̧ͷַǵͷС
һĻյжʱһһ۴˵ʲôʱ۽ǵͿȴʱ
˵Щʲô˲ԼͬվϵǮңһٳַ˹ȥ
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һԵİ¾ô̸ֹ֪ǲǸòһ䣬ʱ˷ֿȥǿһѾȥĽ£ŤͷѾܵߵĴǾ˹ȥ

ս˺һȴָһɵüͷʱ򣬺Ȼ˴ٿѹƵ˹ͳ죬ٰ׷ˣղŽܽͷ˵˵˵ЧãӦ̸ɣ
ԭҸղŻΪʲôʲôءղɵú޺޵̾˿ҲټѹԼ
ûпǳųŴһۣСĵæһץס½ǣȵȣҲ𼱣ҸղѾнܽͷȥˣȻֻܵһˣһͬʱֳֹΧס˵һʲôĻҲһЩõġ
䣬ͣ½Ųתص̾ϢһҲֻΪ˰вЩˡ
̾һ䣬ʲôԶһ㣬ڴ˵ſڣҪǳʲôҾ͵һ֣ܿû취չ˵
סʱ˵ͷ˼Ĺâһ˵˹ͳ죬۲ţȥ³󲮣ûһЩʺ͵ϮĶҩ
˵ţҪתȥ
ȵȣͻȻһסӹһ˿мȥҶˣΪѩħǼˣʹ¶ıֶΣ
ɣ˹ͳ죬¶ܱ𣿡
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˵⣬ǷﲻмʹñɵֶΣֻǣҪһ˵Ļ϶ںʲôΪַ£ǲԾĿѩħǼ
ǣһѣͻȻʶ֮еȷԼ̫עؼˣǰΪǵɫӶźò׽ϮʱûвøֶΣɫӶҲ䵽ֵز
ңܿܣʷô˵ȫʤʣ
һ̣ղȻعвɵһŨصİûڣ
ǣȥ޷ı䣬ձɰûڳļ䣬뵽˿̵ľҧҧ޺޵ãǾͰˣ
Щַյı仯Ϊʲôô죬˵˷մҲûʱȥǸ࣬˵ͷæĺٶȥ
ʱ˵ǰ˵̸ڶУһԶĴ˵ʲôȴֲ֪˵
տ£ͻȻʲôæǰȥѯʵܹܣҼǵڴʱ˵ǸһѾѹ˶԰ɣǸ﾿װʲôҿƺǸܿذ
ѯʣҵ㣬ɫһϲţȴֱù


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ֵַվſڴЩ֪ӣ̲סüͷ
Դ߽󣬾վſڴƺǰһ
رСԴԴӽ֮󣬽̧ͷַ磬ֲ֪Ϊʲôֻǿһۣȴû˵κλһ㡣
ַԭڴ˵ݾЩ׽˵ַҲڣϸϸش
ò˵һȷͨƤڣڴǶȿȥܴĶͷϿһЩơ
Ҳܼӣֻϸɾȴַܴ࣬·ϿһЩ壬ƺҲʶʲôһֽŻСһֲֻϵ·ƺҪЩ۵ۡ
˫΢΢ȥЩţһַַ롰жǿߡϵһôоһʵͨЩľګũ
ַ粢ҵģֻô֡ȥҲǰ취ΪˣַҲܾôĿȥǣԵһ䣺ôƺ
ҡңˣҽ¶æشַ磬Щ˻ƣȴɵͷ˵䣬ƺֲ֪˵ʲôˣֽץŻİȥΪš
¶ַᣬ΢΢˼һ£ԵĿڵҵʲô飿šҵ˵ƺкҪиҡ
иҡ¶ż֮£Ҳû̫ʹַĻ˵䣬ȴƺ֪ôȥе뷨ˣֻһα͡
ƽϤ̸֮У϶ԷĻһֲͷòʧΪ¶ˣʧ̬֮٣ȻϰԸ˲ڴС
ǣ¶Ĵȴ֮٣ңƺûʶһֲòΪ˵仰󣬽²ͣŲһջؽȥһģɵַоֻһûжĻũ
ַ翴⸱ģ΢һ£ͻȻ˫̽Ե˵һ䣺Ҹ㡭̸ʱ򣬲עűһֺܲòΪʡ̧ͷô
һ仰ַ˵Щζ¶Уɫ˲䷢ף˲æ̧ͷӭַĿ⣬ȻЩ룬ַ仰Բٵͷŵذˡ
ַ翴¶ٶ̲סٴζҡһ¡
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뵽ַ΢΢˿ָָڵذϵĲˣ˵ǰҵȥǵũҪһЩܲңǵĮܾˡ
ȻѾףҲĳЩѹɼ㻹ΪĻҿԺܸεĸ㣬ڲҪκι˼ˡŵһǶԷ죬Ҳƭ㣬һֻڻţѾ˻ԣá
ַĻ¶ɫ˼䣬˳ַָϵĲ˿ȥʱϵɫһ䣬ţַûκԤϵ£¶֪һͻȻǰȻ󡭡ͨһַȥ
ˣȾǵĺӰɣ
¶ȥȥЩʣ˵һ䣬ʲôæһֱ§ڻİڷǰĵϣΡΡֻǴּ֣Сؽ⿪
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Ȼʱû׷ʲô飬¶򿪵һ̣̲סһζ
ֻССİİڷĴͭ壬Щͭ²һеմһǰЩͭϣڷһһСźСһţҲг˽ӽȭͷĴС
һַ̣Ժﲻһ仰һ£Ҫ˽˵ĳ⣬ǾͲҪǮҪЩǮ˵ռ˶
ַ粻֪һͨũһж٣뵽¶һֱǰģоܲ³֡
֮£ǰڵݺ¶ΪڽżӶ޷ƵĻ䣬һѾ̵˺ۣһ˫ϡſధ˫ۡ
ַͻȻһ̵ʣĺ˭˭Ҹף


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ʲôһСƿӵĴ죺ǸӻİľֻһЩͭź
ܹѹ˵İӦûдɣȻô˵ȴҲЩɻߵİͶȥĿ⡣
¼˶Żɵ̬ȣε̾һǧȷǸԼģ
ܹܣȷЩͭͺû˺ԵĶ𣿡һ䣬ĿŰ£Ŀ΢΢硭ûʲô֩һĶ
ѽ˹ͳ죬Ѿ˵ˣµΪΣָ׸ǺЬҶϸļˣҿľֻһͨũ
ţеǶԷĸֻ֣˵ݼʵ̫ǿˡأԵ˵ͷͻȻŴ˹ȥô
һֱڵͷĥŰµĻʱѯԼ̧ͷûֱӻشգ˵ܹܣǱǸ˹ͳ첻ǲֻ̲ס˵ģɲҪⰡ
סµһЩǶµģôܲء
ƲƲûж˵ʲôߴٵͿ˵˵Ŀɣ
ҵĿܼ򵥡һݣԭƻģ䡣
ǣܹѾǸѱȫ˰ղɵüͷɻһ䡣
Ȼûп˵ЩʲôҲͶȥѯʵĿ⡣
ŤͷһĳŴŤͷԷһɣϾ˭Ұٷ֮ٵı֤Ǹӵݾ԰ȫ
һ䣬ղ¿˹ȥͿɫƽ˼ص˵ͷֽĿŻصϣüſڵǻǲҪʹöҩˡ
ţʵⶾҩҲǺܴ󡣡һûоܾսСƿӣ˵ʱͻȻ󷽴̤ͷһۣͿ󷽵ľѾʼǰ
ǣعͷŷ֣ص˹ͳ죬鷳һһ˰ɣȥٰѶҩ³󲮡
û⡣նʱǰһԼؿڣһģ
ˣŰòԵĵ˵ͷתȥˡ

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ͬŶҵĲʹרҵȴǰһƬֻйڵϵ¶ʹĳͰ
ַѹסзӿվӣ˫ֳ¶ȥ¶ɣ˵˵׷ʲô飬ǲ·йأ
ס¶ͬʱַԸо¶壬ɫ¶һƶȶס壬ͬʱҲһ̽
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ˣԲЩǰʵڲǹĮġ¶ԴǸ⣺ҲǱƲѣȻĻǵĺӿ¾ûסˡ
ȷ¶ȫַҲеĵģ¶ԼĳȥĿͣ⣬ͲҪٵˡ֪ȫҰɣҳէұ֤׻Ϊֵûоܾɡ
¶һϲַĶæ˶㣬Щˣҡ࣬ţһվŰɡ
仰ַҲǿȻ¶վţҲͲˣ׷ʲô飿˵ɣһġ
¶˿̵Ѿȶ˲٣ʹͳͷһ֮ǰ
¶ĽַҲ
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ҿũҵķ֮󣬲ÿũѹһɾÿũһʣҾۼһũϡ
֪ǲΪץסЩũߣһץʴ󲿷ֶũĺӣûкӻߺũץŮ¶ֻĶӾС
ũǵУһ˱
һڽļУǵҪΧũﲼ֣׼ѩħǼĳӣеũѩħǼκ˽̸
ڶеũ밴ƽӼȥֵصֵأոո͵ʲô鶼ûзҲ̸κιڽ顣
ûʵ䱾ҲҪڣ
ũȻûκ似ͶȴҲ֮ˣ֪ҪԸѩħǼ塣
һ֮ǰֵȫ֪һƬѾָ˵۹ѩħǹ˽˵أѩħǼԺƬصˣ
ũû뵽˾ȻҶ֣Լ˶ǵϣũȻôԾôҸѩħǼŸɣȴҲֻܹԹָ
ǣڵڶʱ򣬻мũ̲סзŭ֪ͨũ֮󣬾ͶȥԶĵԮũȻûһȥҲϣȫ棬شȴܵϢ
˭֪ǼũȴһȥڵҹǻһǰǼȥҪ״ũʬ壬ҵ˵ǸũӸɱˡ
Ҳų˺ݻ˭Υ³
ǻ֮ũǾͰʬȫǼũӺ档ѵû˸ټȥˡ
ͷ죬ũǻΪһ𣬲еľҲѩħǼĵϣѩħǹܾΪ
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ҾũΧһֱӽǵĵطȫѾúǵˣ˲ڽǵ·ϻǸѾȥũһصĻǾ;ܼǸ״ˣٰԼ֣ȻʱܿԵòʵҲ²֣
һ¼ͳסеũũȻод˵ȴҲûκ⣬֮£ֻʵƽȴѩħǼĵҲǻ˽ǵ˷Ż
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¶ʱַͻȻüͷĻ˵ʲô֪֪Һ֣ô飬ӦͲˣΪʲôûɱǣѵˡ
Ļû˵ȥɫȴѾѿ
ǣַϣ¶ȴܿ϶ҡҡͷˣЩ˿϶ģǵÿũϵǣǶǸһЩٹ·̶ӵĵ
˵䣬¶ɫùŹֵǣЩԭͷΪһЩ治Ϸ֪ΪʲôһҹȴǶۼһ𡣡


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һ̸ַ緢֣¶ϿôľګΪԼλ̫ߣŵ¶޷׷ſ˵˵µ·ȴǺ
ַȻľͱ˽ȥ¶ĽȻϿ򶨣ʵϣȴ˼޷Ƶķŭ
¶϶˵Էݣַһ˫ۣȷԷһĵŻ𣿡
ǵģˣҾԿ϶¶˽ַ磬ȻζȴΪַ粻Լæ͵ˣµ·̶ӵıؾ֮·ЩһûＸÿũϵǵףЩҲϵãԲд
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Ȼ¶Ѿȷַ绹Ǻ֪ΪʲôֻԼҪҪҪ󣬿ҲԼɹ
¶ڵһ죬ҲЩΣָָذϵİʵصˣȻЩ֣ҲһЩʩҡũﶼϴһգµũһЩǮˣǷֹѹΣǮƣҵģҵ¿ЩǮơ
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ⲻһöҵͭ壬ȴũò״ճġ˽Ǯѵⲻɱ
ϵŻﲻϳûȵЩشһЩũСģҲͺˡ
뵽ַҲͲˡڣֻʣݣ
ŻǴڣ˵ֵĶܱߵĵŻַ粢ǸĵŻһɢɳĻͿһбƵӣָӵĵط£ȷԽ𣬵ǣǼȻһţǶԸǾ׵Ķˣ
Ȼһ㻹ǵַֻ֮΢΢˼һ±ʱһߣʵ¶֪ЩǵĺӺ˶ʲôط𣿡
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˵䣬˾䣺ҪǵĺӺڶѾڣҲûа취ˡ
ֻǣǵ¶ĸܣַ绹ûа仰˵
ףףˣллַӦ¶ԺǼ
ַ̾һص¶ļ򣺡øлңӦġһ£ҳȥһˣϻ
˵ţ¶ػĹַת߳˳ᡣ
ǣһ߳ʱһֻԼΧ֪ʲôʱѾۼԼÿѾ˹ϻɫȫת׼Լſڵλãէһȥѹ
ߣһųķһʱ׼ģǿԼϵĽŶʱȫɢʶĿһ۳ſڵλã̲סСַһ䣺ˣǸû⣿
ַԭΪԼû뵽ȴʮķﲻЩж΢΢̾Ϣһһ˵ǵĹǶԴõģͨ׼
ַ仰һֱڽŵķһæʾ⣬˷Ĺ
ҵͳ죬ȥѰ¸һңȻԼȥܴ̽һ£ץɵˣ͹ַ
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ַûж˵ʲôӹµһӽռָУת߽ͬʱҲһ򳵶ӵܿɢֻ°һվԭأƺûʲô顣
ַ߽к󣬾;ֱ¶˹ȥӼ˵ϵİóź󣬾ͰѰ¶ǵĺˣЩǮҲҪ
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ˣö˵ʲôˡַϵǵǵĺӺ˻ûбȳҲû˱ǣǾʱίһ£Ȩûмңװʲô֪ҵǵĺӺ˿»ΣաţɣϾ˰ͻȥȻȥ취ȳЩʡ
ˣ¶һӶûмңʱһӣĸ£Լ޷ƻַҲͲƴǣ۽ȴйᣬĶַ˵һˣ


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˵ʵڵģַЩӣȥжҲ˵˵ղһ飬ַвɵЩꡣ
ϴĵһǱ˺޺޵شɣڶǱͨڳΪˣַһ֮ھȻʵ˵ĸܡ
һԵĴַ粢˵΢΢˼һ£˵ˣһεĹˡ
һ˵ַҲȻع˵ͷ̾˿Ǽ£ֻǣû뵽ԭ
ˣǸǲǶ˵ʲô̽Եһ䡣
ַ˵ͷȴû˵˵һ䣺Ǹ¶·Լǻ·ļһݡ
Էڸˣ˲ǰһ
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һ䣬ͬصͷͲ˵վһߡ
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һʱ䣬ʱ;ַԽԽɲ
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ʱַһȼ⣬æǰˣɣ
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ǣδ֮͡һȥϺĵðԽԽԽԽ˼֮󣬲žַһʣ׷ʲô顣
ַ߽ͿԼһƣԭѾߵĻɵֻӲı˻ȥ˳ŴĿ⿴ȥͿַů¯ԣŵعϵģ
׷ʲôֻгͶȥѯʵĿ⣬ɴȴһֱַӰͲԼɵֻʱֹסӵɻһ𾲾ؿַ硣
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ȴֵڴģǵãȴʱ飬СһһһС˵־͵Цʱܰʱ̡
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ַıӰŻصΧеֵӣ۵׽һã
·ֿ֮ǰڱѧԺѵϣԼ۵ļҪѵʱǸ˸Լһˮ΢Ц˵ѵģܺȡǸк
ֻǸкȴһֱ֪ǸʱůЩЦݾӡԼĵס
֮ڿϵڨȴðһθоַĮڵһαַܾǿҵķûַԼﳹĨȥַԽԽֻǣַ֮һδξܾҲðġ
һڹȴԼѻĵ˾ȻԼ֮󣬰Ȼϲ˵УȴһֱעַһһС
ʹģǸԼǵк빫Ůһ𣬰ҲԹ޹ԼųҲԱڰݵݣҹ˾ʱĵضڱ
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ڣַջǸԼ֪ٱŮߵһ𣬵̤ͬϼԭһ죬ҲԼķʹһ졣
ѽôмкӲĶأңλʥǿߵĸףĸкӲȥ׷أ
һ죬ǰڰһ죬ϤѧԺʧȥϤӰðԽԽʧǣ߹߹ĵطһλãУһĵط
ڣ尾ȥַ֪ӼԭʱƲסеļȥ벻ĻʹһԼжô˼
ǣʵһδưõ㽣ڴǸ뿪ѧԺΪ˸߸ϵѩħǹոµķʽ֮ˣ밲ݵĹ£Լ޵Ķ
Ǹʱ򣬰ڷؼϣҲƲסίһεε棬εĻʹһ졣
ĺַ磬ǸܹʹˣǣÿһΣݲ
οУ˽·ַ֪ɱħͷѪߵǰԸһʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôһرǿҵͷ
ַԼĸ飬±ֻܾһ΢ŮҲԸ⣡
ǣη˵۶ͶѩħǼ壬ֻǣһٴμ˯мεӰ֮ʱԭ·ϿǹĻߣȴʲô˵ˡ
ǰһ·ַĲǣҲðøӳĬ
ڣǰů¯ԿźԼȴָоӣһδ˰ĵΪһǽ
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ǺǣˣӦÿԳˡַ罫ů¯óǰһһվһһ䡣
תһַ̣һ۾ͿǸкᣬЩʧŮ
һ˲䣬Ŀԡ


ʮ һ
ַ翴Լһ˲䣬жʱһţһ̣һƬհףԼַԭ򶼸ˣ
ַ翴ϵʱо̲סһһõĺһ߳ȥһڨڨû뵽šʲôʱģ
˵ãһ˵ֻоԼС¹ײһ㣬ַ糯Լ߹ͻȻǿӱܵͷַߵߣ̻ҵĳȥ
˭֪һܵſڣȴһ¾ײ˸ոķյϣæ̧ͷһֺۣһǸԡԲ𡣡
Կ˰ϵֿۣЩżַ磬ɫһ˲ѿַͶȥһѯʵɫ˼˵۸ˣ
ַ⣬˷һۣնס˰ȥ·˽µĲ΢΢һڰôˣǲǵĸ磿ǱǸǰ֪ͨ㣬ȥҰһˣźܻܿġ
ңҡҸûҾͷˡûתôַ翪ڣҲһЩֻʣǡͻȥˡ
˵ţưĳߵĿȥҪ뿪ط
ַһæʹһɫտ͵˰ǰһ䣺ŮʿƺлҪ˵ء
ַҲæһ䣺Եһ¡
仰ıʱ͸ӻˣʱ޷Ķӣֻתַ磬ȴֲ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ַ翴ŰӭԼĿ⣬֪ʲôַ粢ûеƣǴӿռָȡһȻСĵؽǴһĺ²ŵǩӰݸ΢΢Цȥɣũֲĺζ
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ַָϴůһ˲һַۣȴ΢΢üԼ֡
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һַϲûгֲͷıʱּ˵ʵŴҲ֪С⣬Ҵ˿СǸù
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ˣҵ˽Ҳôַһ˷յĻ
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˻æסͶĺ໥˸һۣӶԷ￴һΡ
ַƲƲ죬һɤӣɫˣڿʼ£ҵͳ죬ңѲĽ
ַѻתƵ˲Ҳһݣʱ͵״̬

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˿̵ûżʼǿźǶԼĳϣСİǩߣֺϸؽǩǿԼؿڣ΢΢ر۾
ֻһ򵥵ȴƺоַ£˫֮󣬲һǾ͹һ˿Цݡ
˫ۣŽԼĻ˫˷һԵǿź
ǰźůоǰģ۽ſڣһ䣺ַ硭ҵĵһԶǵõġ
ᣬƮڳڵĿ֮С
ǺЦ۶㡭


ʮ ˷
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յһԼ״̬ͳַɫˣûзֿɵˣʱûأѾ복ӱһ룬ųǰǰĻ·ܷһЩʲô
šַ˵ͷǽ֮Щֲ֣װһ£һбũǵͬʱҲʱ־衣
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ַæʱֹסȻɣȰ»ֱ֮ӳȥͷ˵һ°´ṩϢʹҷһ£ܸоЩ̫ʵ
˵䣬ַһ£ʼ¶飬˵ַһ¶ݲûɣܾûô򵥡
ˣҲúְüͷ˵ŻӦòôŰɣѵթһǮ֮뿪ط
˵еַ绹ҡҡͷЩŻƽն뿪ʡ桯͡롯Ҳֻе۶У˵ֻΪ˶ԸңͲԶȥ۶׽ֶ棬Ҳ̫˵ȥˣϾȫ棡
˵䣬ȷտڣַּ˵ңڲʳֻܴµʱ䣬־۶̫ԶҪ׽Ļ֮ǰҪ۶ܱ֤ǵĳӸϵʱ򷵻ء
ң룬ĸͷôСҪŵв׽ֶҲô׵飬㣬һֶֻܲ棬ٶȷֻ֣ΪֶأǲЩ̫ˣ
ҪǣǰҲŸոձ²⣡ֳΪҵķصϢҲҵͶģг̺ܿ죬ҲҪýӽһµʱܸϵҲ˵һ֮ǰϢŸոմѵŻﻹԤ֪ɣ
ַһʱ÷ջعǰһæ˵ˣ˵ЩŻıӦǵ۶𣿡ѵǿɭ
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ַЦڵ۶һƬܶҲֺңǴûۿңڱӲģڹȦϵ֮⣬ûκ
ӵʥʵȥκ˽ύҲûκ˸ϴʲô⣡
ҾͲһˣȣûʵȻͲηңߣһʮ˰ռѩħǹλغܶиͲ
ٿɭеʱһѡԸҡʱҲ˳۵ĹסЩŻһҲǲܣߺߡҪֻɵ˼ȥԸǵĻһԣкܶЦĺܿˣ
ַⷬղɵóĬһ·ϵгУҲַȷûʥʵȴڵַ硰ס򣬿Ѿˣַϣ鶼ȵġ
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ˣʵҸо¶Ļкܶɵ㡣˵һ䣬һ˼ӡ
һ䣬̲ס˴һַۣʱüĻʲôɵ㣿㾡˵
ǣˡ
̧ͷˣȣһƵѵƽûʵʩһЩںͷֶ𣿶ң¶Ļ˵ЩũȻǾܵӣҲܶƵ飬ŻһЩڿ
ǣΪʲôȥӦУǵļ˱ΪʵĵûѲߵľӿ𣿶ҺֳôĶҪǵũڰ·Էɱģѵôûκβ𣿾ʡѾΪķأȻΪվһڣ
յһνƷ֮ǰеķַ粻һݣҲñ˵ı룬¶ǹ޻ЩŻģ
һ
΢΢ҡҡͷ¶ҲܿܵĳЩвƲѲż޻ŻӦòǹġҲܿܣԷǵŻֻԷʵʵҵ˼˵ǵƺЩ⣬ϾڣֳĬǾ̫˵ȥˡ
ңǵĳھѾԶˣȴûһӭӵĹԱȻ۹ķɲûжԴʲô涨ϣҲ˵ȥ
˵仰һƬĬ֮УַɫЩԭΪѾüĿȴ벻չȴø˷
ԭΪӰ죬ûпǵǵȥʱһ˵Ҳʱͻع˼һ֮ע⵽ϻһЩԥɫ˵㻹ʲô뷨˵ɡ
ǣˡ
Ӧһ֮ǰ˵Щ·˺ͻҽץԲͬЩ·ӦǵŻûЩ߿϶ͲһЩͨĵˡ˵Щ߼Ȼ̬ôӦòǵӵбƵľӣЩӸͲ˸ߵҳ϶ȡҾãµҲûдӦĳ˽
ַ粻΢΢˵ͷ۹ľһӡ󲻺ã۶ǵرͻҽɼطӵҲõȥ
ԣƺǱøӸˡҲ̲ס̾ϢһȷϢʵ̫˰
ʱ򣬳ߵ˵ַ㳯⺰һ䣺£֪㣬ɡ
ַУҲֻа±ššϰߣַѾϤˡ
Ȼַϣĵȷǰ£ַ粻Ȱڣæʵ£ң㻤¶ȥһ·ϣûʲô쳣ķӦ
΢΢Щ㵣ַָʲôǺĵͷ˼һ¡
ַ磬дͷգһ̣ɵóϣ
ˡ̧ͷ˫Ŀ֮ЩãȻҲûзʲô쳣ĵط
ش𣬳ڵ˲ͬʱ̾һİЩɺͷԡ
ַ˼ģڵˣȻܹܻˣҿǻǰɣ룬ֻҪǼǵĳӦþͻвüĿˣʱ򣬵үһӦˡ
ַ˵ͷټ˼Ŀ˷յϣҵͳ죬ȥɣ˳Ըȥ̣Ŀǣ


ʮ ӭ
ܱߡɼɽʡ׸Ϊֵı߽ϣǵŻΪ֮أֻӵʮ˵Ķ䱸ǧرЩرܱߵĵŻｻսȻַ粢ȷЩ˵٣սӦò̫
ʻǽʱַѾ˳ԶԶ˵ΰĳǽ
ΪӵǰзԴ·ԭ·͵Ļҽͳ˰裬Щ˵ҲֵڣַƿʱһЩҽЦҲ֪Щ˵̸ʲôЦ顣
ЩЦַȴиеΪˬԼ˵ЩԼĻҽæҲͰˣȻЦѵԼԿһܸô
ˬַ֮࣬粻ɵغһ
ԱߵĴ˿ַɫ׹æ˵ˣЩҽһʶڱ߶꣬Ѿˡ
Ŵһλдַ̣粻΢΢Ծؿһۣϵı黺˲٣ȴЦЩһϿǻһңۿεͿˣΪҳѪУ
ַǵ˿ȣͻȻоЩ΢΢һѯʵ˵˼ǡ
ٺ١ַЦһüǵĶֲǵŻ𣿡
ַôһ˵ַЩҽΪԸŻһŬʱüˣⲻðɣǱϾǱߵ˰
ʲôãַ練һ䣬漴һЩҽرҲֻ֪¸ûлЩһҿɲ뿴һΪҽ޴ĳЩУԣһЩһҲͱϹңǱ˭ˡ
ַô˵һΣϵĵǲʧһɻȻı飬ַ翴˴ı飬һ䣺ôˣ
ˣҺͻȻױµˡַ磬һ
ַ粻Щ⣺Ŷ
ˣյ۹۶µĹأͲϾλĹǰأֻɳ־Ѿ㹻ˣҿܶʷϣ־ǰأȵҲֻ־·ͣԭΪɻҽΪڿ¿µȷⰡһ˼һ˵
ַΪڸԼѽڣЦҲ֪
˭֪ȴص˵ͷɫǵģˣ½ִʷ鼮һȫҪǾѣҶѾ鳹׺Եˡ
ŴַҲɵһݣѵԼһЩѾòõĻҽô
ϸһ£ϼȻ͸Լǧһ·֣ʵϾѾﵽ˻͵ЧɳҽΪԼ·˶ΪǳԼʵϣȴҲǱʱ˹ͳʵ
ϸϸôһ룬ϻнԼֳͽҽ˼
ôԼҲͲ̫ˣ
뵽ַ˫ۣǲɵùһ˿ȡ

ʻ˺һڿ˵ɳӭֻ֣ǣһ·ϸعԱĽӴǵӭȴԵüΪᡣ
ѩħǼһ·ӵ۶·κһУĸصٲ¡صڽӴַ磿
ǰĽӴƣʵϹЩǰ·ĻҽĹۣ
ΪҪӭѩħǼĵǵıѾ˳̶Լǳصڣһʱ֮ڣֻţԣţҪ˺ܶࡣ
ǣĳ̶ȣȴԶԶ˵
ֻǰֻվˣһһ۹ԱĴ磬ЩҲȽϰһһƤףָݣ˲ûôվԭأӭŽӽǵĳӡ
ּΪĽӴڣҽټΪջ˭оݺ͵λߵĻҽǻʵõľӣһ·ЩطԱ˶ַ缫Ϊ֮⣬Щҽ̬Ҳ𾴣ܵ
֮ǰҽľЩ̲סҪǰʱַѾӺĶǰʱѹס˾ٵŭ
ԭַڻҽ֮ǰȻȻҽ˵ǵӭ֡
ַջſھֻʱͬЩŭ˵һһһһŭ֮£̲סһЦͷѵӭԼͷӺͷô
һ֮ǰǸָߵӰ֮ʱеķŭʱɻȡ̲ס˺ͶңΪʲôֻˣ
ˣѾöϤͶ̲סЩַܵߣȻŬԼȴ⻹Щżַߵˣˡˣ


ʮ а취ˣ
ǣۡ
ַȥ¸ۿڵĳۡǵĳۡϾʹ࣬ʡҪũҵΪÿ½طʳռ½İٷ֮ʮȻԣҲȲ¸ۿľ޴
ԣȻܴ󣬵ۡĽȴԹžɣ͸¶һµĳۼ֮ĩȻϷůɳۡڵľֻҪһһƬҶɳɳ죬֮ۡһƬ
ʱڳķ֮УƽһòȥЩεӣر˫ۣüͷһ𣬱ʹ࣬ҲεԵЩ
üλЩ죬ҲһԵɫϸߣһֱӺ쵽°͵λá
³ӵĴߣǸڲǰַؿڼԲɫӴ˿Ѿ˿ӵϣ΢΢üĶ֮⣬߻վַ硢աͶԼͶһȥſӭַİֹԱ
һƬž˶סעŴƽŵӣ˽ŵĺ
ʱһţ³ջǸֵӣ³Ťͷַæѯʵ³˹ʲôǲǸǶͳеľ綾һ
ˣ³εҡҡͷԴϧеľ綾ȷͳһҲһԾ綾롮ջͬԾ綾Ϊʮ졯˼壬־綾ʮ֮ڵòҩᶾ˵ĶѾ쵽°͵λãòʱ䣬ӵ´͡
Ļû˵ڵȴףַ΢΢̾һϣĿʵ³ûʮĽҩ
ˣʮһּΪ񶾵ľ綾Բѣҡ˵³Ҳ̲ס̾ϢһԾ綾ҩɽġ
˵ֻҪ־綾Ǿͱɣַ̲ס΢΢˿
³˵ͷҲû˼һ䣺־綾Ϊĩ״Ƶַѣֻ߷ĶϲܷãһһĶζ־綾ӳá
ˡַ΢΢̾һˣ³
䣬³ûټ˵ʲôһ֮󣬾߳˳ķ䡣
ַתǸְĹԱΪȣӵ߼۷ʵǵǵĸͳ죬һʼַ粢ûжԴ⣬ڳַйҲûڣǿͶ·ĸַӵݡ
һ·ʱޣַֻӿͶ˽⵽ǵĳͳ춼ͬʱĻԲѣƺһ־綾ԼַŴ³ȥͳǱߣ˳ķ䣬ȷеĶͬһ־綾
Դӵǵĳͳͬʱо綾֮Ϊ˰ģϢûɢȥǵתҲ˿ȵǿάŻתַ绹ûдﵽֵ׸ûɽӵҲʱ޷Լ˽ӹǵ
ԣַ翴ӣĵ˵һ䣺ȸͳ죬ʱˡ
ˣҾͳ׷ˡس˺ͳһҲܸˡһֻ֮Щƣַˣַ˵仰ȻҲַ⣬˵֮ŵһһЩҪǸˡʧˡ
ַĬص˵ͷûڿȸͳ֮߳һ۴ŵķ˹ְĿת˿Ͷϣҵң׷ʲôɣ
ˣʵ˵Ҳܼ򵥣һн󣬾˵ǵĵ˹͸ǶͳȻûе۹͵ľλҸұ֤λ˾ΪΪĺˣ
ͶǱ̫ˣʱڼַ磬Щܻаµʱ䣬һжĿǣڰ֮ǰ磬λù֮ͻȻԲѡ
ȸͳ˹ʦʦʩչһ͸λ˵ѾعĻҴûôƵɣúõôһٲ;ͻعĻ
˵ͶЩߣַľţûд󣬾Ͷ˵ȸͳҲôƵɣ˳ҽʦڸλƺһԾ綾ҽʦ֪λ˵ʲô綾ȸͳҽʦ˭֪λеľ綾Ȼ󣬾һֱϵ˽졣
Ҹղ³˵־綾ֻ߳ĶϲЧ֪֪֮ǰӸĶΣַʵص㡣
˭֪Ͷһ⻰ʱƤһ˱ЩήҲ񣬾֮Ҳ˵ıˣеĳԼմ˵ȫˣȸͳΪ˷ϢЩҽʦҲʱ˸
һ⻰ַ̲סзնһۣӶԷ￴˺Ȼ̲ס˵һ䣺ˣͶֶΣԷĺܿͬһ˰
˹ͳ˵ĲҲöԷӦͬһˡ
ʾͬյĹ۵㣺˺ͳڰ֮ǰж¶ַ֮ǰԭΪβ֧ԮЩũԭ
˵Ĺ۵㣬ַҲ˵ͷڳǽЩũϷȵ﷢һ죬Ǹʱ򣬳ͳ춼Ѿ˻ԣæҵĿҲϾ˼ǿάеתŵڻû¶ţѾǺܲˡ
ĻǰĲ²ѾױƷȴûΪ˳ˮʯӱ˷
Էͳҩɽľ綾ȻǲϣǸԤԸԼ飬ûгرİַֻԼǧٻҽ¸޷ԸĵŻ˵ŻıһĶˣ
һԵĿͶ˵̸Щͷԣ˿̼˳Ĭʵˣѵ֮ǰҲԷͶ𣿡
Ͷַʶˣ漴˵ͷڳ齲˿Ͷ
Ͷһ꣬ʱЩջ𣺡Էֱ̫ˣȻĵֶΣҺôûʲô飬ȻĻ󰡣
ͶȻڱԹ˵⣬ַһͶ仰ʱǰһһĴȣ˵а취ˣ
˱ַһЩĪ̲סʵˣʲôа취ˣ
˵뵽˹͸Ƕͳеľ綾İ취ˣַ̲סЦֻҪڵľ綾Ǿֻʣµλˡ


ʮ һ
ǣ˵־綾ûнҩ𣿡̲סһ䡣
ַҲ˵΢΢Цһ£æߵ˴ߣ󣬴ӿռָȡһͨĳԼָϻһ£ȻٽԼָ͵˳ߡ
ȻַͨͶһ仰Լٶ֣ҲȷԼѪҺܲܽʮ족ҩɽľ綾ԣϿɣʵϣȴҲΪš
˿ַĶЩ⣬㿴ҿ㣬ַʲôɿַæµӣҲҴţֻܰļ۲ȥ
ַ罫ָյ˹֮󣬾ʹؼѹԼָøԼѪҺ˳˹ĿУǣĻָҲǿֻǼѹƬָ̣ϵ˿ھѾϡ
ַûа취֮£ֻٴóһָȻ˹˷ַ֮翴˹˫ü΢΢ſһЩֹͣ˼ŰΪ
󣬽ӽռַָŷ˵ҵͳ죬ȥ³˹ûתõļ󡣡
Ȼûиַʲô뵽ַйջںȴҩԽ⣬Ҳ뵽˼֣Ӧһ֮󣬱˳ȥ
һߣַڴ߽ŷ˹״̬һԵĿͶҴַ磬㳯Сĵʵʲô˼
Ҳ̫΢΢ҡҡͷҲ뵽˲٣ּһ䣺ҾãӦΪ˽ⶾ
ⶾͶ̲סЩɻϾãȻ˵ѪԽⶾ𣿡
û˵ٴҡͷʾҲȷ
̸򣬽ӷ˹ַʱ˺ι˹°ϵǵǲѾȥˣ
ַķԸ˲æߵϸ˹ȥͿ֮ǰ˹ͳ°ϵߵȷȥһ㣬Ͷ̲סĸ˵ˣȷղļǵãǵϸѾӵ˳˵°ϣֻǸһĹ°ϵһСѾˣ
ǰˣҲоˡʱһȵĴҲЩϲ
ַô˵вɵҲЩˣϻ˵һ䣺ضı£Ҳ֪ϸȥǲǾ֤˹ڵľ綾Ѿˣǵ³½۰ɡ
ַô˵Ҳû˵ʲô˾Χڴǰ۾ɵԲԲģضŷ˹°ϵǵߡ
һĹ򣬷վѾ³߽˷䣬һĹǵϸѾ˵˷˹򢣡
ַһ³߽æóλãͬʱ̲ס˷ܵ³쿴˹ڵĶǲѾˣ
³Ӧһַղŵλϣһ£ͿǵѾ˵˷˹λã̲ססһŸϽȡԼߣһη˷˹ؿϡ
³⡰סһϲдϲȴԼͬסԼĺ»ŵ³̽Ľȡ
Ҳţʶץס˴һֱۣԽǽţ߬Խ߬ˣ̲ס˦˦첲ʶԼʧæ˼ĶŴЦЦ
ʱһһĹȥ³ԭصɫҲתΪ̾ڣջԼߣվڽַżʵôʲô
³ַ磬һοַɫ˵ľ棬лһɫŮʱŻֵ̰뾪ϲ̲ס˵
ˣѪҺʵ̫ˣܲ˹ڵĶڱһѸɣҹƣҹ˹ڵľ綾ͻȫʱѹˣҩɽľ綾Ȼ˵ѪҺֱһ漣
˵еĸп³СصˣܸܲһѪҺоһ£оɹȫõľϰ
³һ仰ַһʱ͸оǰһ
ǰ³оԼѪҺܣõԼ˽ϣʱ򣬿Լ˽սֻߺܶ౶
룬˵ľ¶Լ˽£˵ľƻָԼ˽ƻָ죬⽫һôֲ飿
ԭַΪжԵһ˲תãвɵø̾ɽˮ·һ尡
뵽ַʱ͵˵ͷû⣬ҾȸŪڶȥǶͳķ䣬Ȱϵľ綾˵
˵ţһӵ߳˷˹ķ䣬˸Ƕķ䣬ͬķǶͳιѪ֮־³ȷϣ˵ⶼ
Ȼַ绨һЩʱ³൱һСƿɿڿѪִ֮Դ˿ͳΪ׼ķ֮С
ʱڣι˹͸ǶͳѪַĻָǿôѪҲЩɫ԰ףԼԹؽ֮״̬
ʵϣַͻƵżˮ׼Ҳֻһ˿ľˣΪ·ͻȻ·ֵһ·ĻѾżˡ
ҲȷԼ˶ã˳ͻƾżˮ׼
żԼĵ罣ֻʲô״̬أ
ʱ򣬷˹͸ǶͳҲӦȫˡٵλһ׼ȫˣ
Է޷ָšջԼԿڣʧȥ̣׼Լ£ԼĶô
ǿеϲַ绺˫ۣרĽ״̬


ʮ β
ҹĻ٣һƬž
ͬڵ۶ҹ䣬Ϸҹɫ֮⣬˸оһƢľɺſϢʱԶﴫĳ֮࣬ɵᵽһңڸС
⣬ҹɫµũУ¹Ƭľ֮أΪҹһ徲ɴ
ǣһǰһԶڿ·Ӱȴƻ徲Уһ΢紵ȴ˵ĽŷΧ
ȻǰǸٸ·ͣ½Ųܾһ£治Զ˱æè۲ǰ˵Ķ
ȵǰ˲·ʱ򣬺˲С׷ȥ
˾ôһǰһ׷߹һƬƬũŸĵطٸȥҲԽԽԶ
νǰµĲŲæǰָͣϽӣһ۹ߵ£ͷشһǷ
ǰǸһѾһ죬ûԤϵǣһʵ̫ƻˡ
ļǵãһձַߵʱǸӴܵģΪĻ֮̿£һϽǵͨƻʧܵ飬ȴ룬һһͣͣܵ˵ǣȻڵǵһԺһһҾƹŪƹСãֱҹ٣һΪģ˳
ʱھƹһͨˮһȥһֵָ־ܾ˰˸Ů˴ڨļǵãһڳʱּĿµ񣬻˿΢Ц
˵ĻεʱһһˣҺãסˣη֣ƺŸոֻǸʼ
Ϊһ߳ƹ֮󣬻ûзӦûȥѣϹת
βȷһǲǷԼŹһʱ䣬ֻһ԰ȫľ룬ں
һֱһ֮󣬲̫£һע⵽ĽȫĶܳ˵ǣĵɼɽٸȥ
ֱڣѾ׷ٵСʱʱˣҲᵽһĽƻ
Ȼһʵǿȫ·ٶᳬˮ׼һÿһ·ܻᾯسܹ۲һ
һΣڸ·һС֮һͣ½Ųװһصģķһ䣺ںģеͳҰһ
һ仰νһʱΪԼǱԷˣҪԷһ˵ôȻΣĻµʱľͻȥˡ
ҺãסˣҲаļһĲٷ
֮Ȼﻹǻʱʱͣ½ŲһȴκѡĹˣġֱߵĿٳȥ
ҲǴ֮βȷĿĵӦһĵɼɽ
Ȼָ˺һڰδ˵ɼɽ£ûͣ٣ֱһСٳɽȥ
һβûȥȹ۲һܵĻ
ɼɽռʵϲܴ϶һСɽɣͨǳǡĵ·öסɽ£һĹٵͬʱҲмΨһ·
ǰûϷϷĵҲ̫֪ﳯ´Сɽϱȥ֪¶ԷѾˣܴһ£סĵκβ˳ŰȥСҲȥ
ڸ氣ɽλãα㷢֣ɼɽɽΪƽ̹΢һ¶ȣԶ͸¹⣬ܿһɽկ
ЩɽկȥͷһƬȻڶ࣬ҲܿóЩɽկܼªʱľסء
ңλע⵽ЩɽկܵͰɽҺڵϹҪѾɽϣ¸ͿЩɽկ
ҪǣЩɽկķͬɼɽһ򱱣֣ζţǳǻǶĵǣע⵽еɽկ
Ȼβ֪ɽկľͷҲǱʲôĵΣֻһЩһɹ˿صľѵΣ
ŰӰһɽկȥβٶʲôæסĵظȥ
û뵽ǣﲢûн뵽ɽկ֮Уǳɽկ˹ȥ
ûκԥܽУ˺һ㷢ڲԶһ̫עɽɽһƬͿʲô
ɽⲢûаκԥĽУҲ˽ȥ
һ߽ȥβŷ֣ɽڵĵЩӣԶԶô򵥣ڸ氣߹·ںβŷ֣Զһɢһ΢ħƵĹâҲ洫һЩģ̸
ԥܽǸ棬Ҳĵظȥڴﵽ䴦Ե洫̸ͣԼĽŲСĵ̽ͷȥ
ȻͿɽһ·ɽľͷһ΢ħƣӰڵƺСʲô̬죬У˻һ֪Ǻˡ
һܹȥʱ˵ע⡣
ôԼˣأѵֱӻɽկϢˣĴ󺺶ʱվдһ˿
⻰æ̸ֹͣͬʱת򰣴ȻϵɫҲһЩɻ󣬲ηע⵽˵۵׶һֻﲻƣѵһģ
ü룬ͻָһŵģûϢǸĴ󺺵ͷͷˣû뵽ǸѩħǹǸӲͷûϽң˶ɱˣϴˡ
˵ţµİ·˵˵˳󻹲ԭֿվѲڻ䵽ѩħǹϣӣû¶κһϢ֪ΪʲôȻҷŻˣҸλϴһš
һ飬̲סһƤﲻɵһ䣺һҲ̫ҪˣѼֱ͸Էһ
갣Ľ໥˸һۣЩţĴǿ̷ŭһ䣺ʲôţ
˵Ǳ֪ôǸϽջĽҩ򣬲ϴΣˣң˵ȥѩħǹһ㵽ףڵǣʲôֶζʹ䵹ûѣԭԭ˵˳


ʮ ż
Ĵһ⻰ǵûзŭЦߺߣ˵ΪʲôɳȥûһԭǶѩħǹɱˣٺ٣һջôţΪ仰ܰӶŭôҲ̫Сˣ
£ϵǸǼܴܺ󡢴һµĴ󺺶ʱվĲ
Ӷ㵹ǳס˿ҵˣΪǼڶʱͿԱ˵²ܲʣңе߿ɶǴµˣջҲǴ˸ģεˣҪǴĲĻҿ㻹ֱлɣ
仰һڣڵϵʣ˶Щסˣϲ¶˽䱸ɫԭӶ⻰ʱ뷢𣬵ϵı󣬾ֻǿţ״ģѩħǹջӰԻʮ죬ҿֻҪĵȴȻǷ
ô˵ǲԸڲ϶ˣ״Щңô֪ѩħǹһջҪûд˶񲻰װ
ӶͲʲôƢǸԼȥʱŭ״ʶ̧٣˿˵һжҪҵѩħǹȻòҪЮǣͱȻջӰ綾˵İȫҲʱõģҪôȥͱ߳ɽˣ
ߣӶΪô״ȻҲͷͺĻػбɱңˣ˰ѽҩң֮󣬱ȻȥѩħǹϽҩʱ˭ú˵û㣡
㣡Ӷʱŭȫת״ҲãͬȫתηĿӶһʱͱý
һԵοвɵñ˵ĶǴɫģҲζţٶﵽ˰˼ʣµȻû¶һ𣬱ʵҲȻ
Ҳ˵٣ԷӵսʿκΣξ뼸̫ԶͺѲ˵ǰ˼Ǿż
һ¶ʱܿ˵ƳɫҲһЩס
ΪؼʱʣµУһǱáòɾվæԲλѣҪһðôջΪ棿
ֻҪɹѩħթһǧңдʹ͵һǧңÿܵõİңԹǴ뿪ʺĵطúõĹ°ˣʱ巽ҲһǰϽƽϴ󶯸ɸˣ
˵ţû˱״ͶȥĿ⣺״ҵѣҲҪӶ˵ĲѩħǹȻòҪЮǣ֤ʱҰѲôһҪģӶҲΪǹͬ濼ǡ
ߡ״ûһҲûз˵ͬ۵㣬ֻǶӶ̬Щˡ
˼״ûзֳӶͶȥĿ⣺ӶҵѣƢʵֱ̫ˣ˶֪Ϊ˼濼ǣǣҲǷİɣǿɲҰǵ˽ˡ
仰˵͵õ˵һ¿϶ӶҲ֪̫ʱ仰Ҳ˳˸̨ףǶİɣȻΪͬŽһд˵֧ԮҵȻͬڲˣֻһʱ֮ʱû뵽Ȳ˵İ취
Ǳõһ⻰Цһ⣬ܰѲƽȳֲκʧ֪λûȤһ
һ仰ʱͰ˵ע˹ȥ׷׳ȥϵĶյǱõԡ
ȴû˵ǿ˰һۣӶҵѣ˳ӻѩħǹһıһ˸ٵ
Ļû˵ȥڳ˶ףӶɫʱһ䣬ԭҲʶ⣬ֻǱ˵һʱԺ
Ӷ˵Щʲôʱ򣬰æߵ˸λǰһڱ֤ͷҸұ֤ûУҲܵ飬Ҿڵйһ죡һڻ·̽˺ܶΡ
˵ţͰԼһľʵ˵˳
Ӷ֮˵ͷ˵˵ĲѩħǹҲֻвµʱ䣬˵ԭֻƽֵһûжٸ֣ңﻹдǼȥɳָ٣Ҳڰϻôʱ䣬ٰܲɣ
ô˵˵˵ͷоЩҲͲٴ˵ǰȰ˵˵Ǳõӿһ£תƻ⣺ǺãͲ̸ˣ˵˵ҵǸ⣬λԴ˶ʲô

ͬʱǳַۡķ֮С
һַʱ˫ۣһͣٵҲͻһżﵽ˾żʵ


ʮ Ｋط
һﵽżʵַԾͲ˾޴ı仯
ȣĶҲһսʿҪĹؼȰ˼۷ʱԵĸı䡣
ߣսʿ׶Σһ׶αֻǲһսʿڸ涼õ˳ɱļǿҲԽķʽӶﵽԶ̹ЧȻڶ»ԼٶʧȴȻ޷ڸԶ̹ơ
˶ֻһսʿĵһڶͻƵսʿ磬һͻƵ˴սʿ磬˸ԪļӳɣɱΪǲֳһսʿǿƻ
ͻʥˣһﵽʥ֮ζˡͨˡķ룬շСɽƽءܣǧҲܲѴ֮˲ɱԺŵ˵ʥͨ˵Ǿ
ֻǣʱҪͻƵʥʵһΪѵ飬ҪеԷǷĻͲܴﵽԣھ˵սʿҲֻͽ׶Ρ
ǣȻսʿΪʮǾͲܺĵߵĲȻԣҲܴ󣬵һΪսʿ˼żȼ˵رˡ
ַо仯ԵľԼĶѹ罣һ㣬ڰ˼˼۷壬Ѿѹ˼㣬һͻƵżˮ׼ֽ뵽һոµĲΣ
ǰַ緢ԼĶƻǷǿȡٶȵļӳԼ־öȶ൱ԭĽ
ΪԵĵطǣԭͷųһҪĵĶڽΪż֮󣬼˽һ룬ңƻٶȻзȵȶһ̨ף
Ϊǰռ䷨Եʣһսżˮ׼ɫĶ֮оͲһ˿ɫ
ϵؼ֮еĽɫҲԣַԿ϶Լż۷ʱ򣬿¶ѾӽɫˣһļޣǾһ˲ͻƵʥľ磡
Ȼ˶֮⣬ַľҲͬﵽ˾żˮ׼ѹ罣ƿѾħھżн׵ħʦˣ
ֻǣַľþǿƵ罣ȻͷһЩħͷŲ˼߼ħ罣޷ٷ֮ٵƿˡ
ǶǾַ˵ֻһ̻ǵ罣
һͻƵż罣ҲַһһµĲΣֻǣոµĲȴַоЩɻ
ںģַΪһͣͣһԵʣûдħƵĻᡣ
˿̣ԡУһ֣󣬵罣ȻУ
罣һб㸡һλðĵɫ͹ߣڵһҲַͬӡ
ٿ˿̵ĵ罣Ȼϱǰġ硱ûκεı仯ȴԵķֱԭ¶ĵ罣Ѿ׽Ȼɱвûļ¡ȵľ޴ѹȸУ֮УȴǸһصĸо
˵֮ǰĵ罣Ƿâ¶ôʱĵ罣Բ
Ҫǣ͸罣ŵĵɫâԵĿһ΢ɼİ罣ԴԴϵƮš
ְַĸоȻǺ䣡
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ַڼԭɽϴӣͲη庮䣬ǸʱѾоζˣͷų罣һ̣ȴٴᵽ˾Υĺо
ؼǣڵĵ罣ȻǿĵԱȴɻᵽ䣬ôǰ㶷ȥأ
ַ粻ɵøо촽Щɡ
촽һڿˮַСĵسȥ˵罣ϵ㶷
ʱ
еøͬʱһӭĺһ¾ͽַΧ˲оԼڱ֮Уֺ˿˿͸ǣѹ
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罣ëȴַһ޷ĳأָоĺ֣
æ罣ַһ˫ȻȻĳ˵ϣҪѰһ̤ʵĸо
˫Ÿһڵϣʱ͸оһͻĴܸоһ˿΢
ذôб
ַԺвɵøôһͷ
ѵǡ
һ˲䣬ַӿһ𺳣æҵشӵȲܳԡңҵħƣȻ򿪡
˲䣬ַ粻ɵõһ
ħƵĹâԽԽҲյ硣
ַֻķǵذϻǽϣǸּҾߡƷǴϣһ˪аããһƬ
ԡڵĵذϣѾһ㱡ı棡
ѵղͷų罣һɲɢĺѾеˮֶסô
ļǵãԭֻҪ壬Żȼգڵĵ罣Ȼô嶼ɿֲɱֱ൱Ⱥˣ
ԭʹʱĵ罣ȣһâ¶һԲһǣһһޱȣһɭһ幥һȺɱϣ
ֱ˵Ĵڣ
һַ̣ĵðһͷͷʶľѿڶＫط


ʮ 
˵ﶼĹɣڤڤУҲͨɹ·
Ｋطֹֻɺ·֮еĳһֱơ
ͻƼһֱ仯
磬ļ޺ڻҲձļսʿڴﵽսʿˮ׼ԪأǸһͻơ
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һΣ罣ɡתΪ𡱵ʱһɱ䣬ԳѧֱߣȴȻѲˡԳķ롣
һΣ罣ɡתΪԣȴһֽҲԳΪ࣬ӸѾɱ䣬ﵽһµġ֡ĲΡ
Ҳ˵罣ڴﵽԵʱѾﵽ˶㣬һηɱԣζų׵Ľ
ô´أڴﵽֻ֮仯ʲôأ
ַʵǲ²͸
ٴͷų罣űµĵ罣ɢĵɫΣַ̲סЩڴŵ罣תĹ⻪һ䣺ȻϢأӵоǿļԣԺͽ㡮סɡ
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ԭһ죬һֱʹڽ֮Уһʱ͸о˶ġ๾ࡱˣʶԼѾһ춼ûùˡ
һ¼飬ַǳȥһԵģǣԥƿ˳ȥֻǣһ߳ʱһ
ΪȻԼǰյϣҲͬһһ˪˲䣬ֳ߿ȥͿԷǽϣҲͬһ˪
׵ĺŷΧȻô
Ҫ֪Լסнƽװңԡһڷ
Ҳ˵ԼŸոżף׺ŷΧܴﵽƽף
ҪԼټ罣ѹȥﵽ˾żнףô׵ŷΧ٣
ؼǣֺԼϴӹ˶ԵĲһأ
һ׵ĺΧ񲻻ᶳ壿ʵ΢һ˸ֱӶ
һԼ൱һƶʱ䡢ʱͷųĸ߼ϵΧħ
һΣַвӿһŨϲŨϲĴ£̲סСӵõİһ߸ߵ˼£
ҺҹȻĻ˿ƽصĹҲСӵľٶһ۾
˺һַ˼ȶסԼиɢķΧһ򡱵֮󣬲ŵǽϿۡ
ҺãΪ˲ַܵκδţַѡķλƫƧľΧûһˣȻ¹ַĺ򣬾ܰԱ߷˯е˸ˡ
ϷȻѾӽ붬ůֻһĹ򣬵ǽϵı˪Ѿڻ˲٣ַ翴֮󣬲ŷĵ뿪Լķ䡣
ȥһԵԼĶӣֱַ˷˹͸ǶͳķУȴϵķ֣˭ûѹ
ǣ˾ǵѾ˵ʺֻʣ˶̶̵һС飬ŵüͷҲѾ滺˲١
Ȼ³Ʋ˻ҹַתһ룬Ҳԭ򣬱ϾԼǸιԼѪˣԼѪе綾ĶԿҲģһʼĵĲԣʱƣܿЧԣ˵ڻδѣҲ֮С
ַһʱ䣬ӵмǿָڵѪҺѻָԭ״̬ǣһθιһЩѪҺַ֮뿪
ڳۡй˺һܲʱһЩѲߵʿ֮⣬ַʵǸо¿
صԼķִһ֮ҲûеȵλַϸĿһ£ȥԼ׽סĲˡ
ڽ֮󣬲˾ͱѺ˳ڵη֮УȻҹηȻرأѩħǹʿҲæηĴţַ˽ȥ
ηΪĵطһ֣ǾͲ뵽ѹֵ飬ַȻҲ⡣
һ߽ηʱͲһҺãηɾûжζ
ܱһʽη洫ֹǺڵĿַвЩѹ֣̲סһ
ˣƽʱΰ㲻ηѺĴһЩɱƽķˣֻ׽סһЩܵ˳˵Ľ̻ΰĹĸлѾ⡣
һԸַ·СٿַıЩѹ֣̲ס˵һҪַ绺һ顣
ַֻ΢΢ص˵ͷû˵Щʲô
Сټַ粢˵Ϊַ鲻ãҲٶ˵ʲôָֻһ䣺ˣķ˱ѺǴηķԸ˫˫ŶѾ˨ˮһˡ
ţĲһΣַڿ˵һ䣬ҴӻͳһöӸǽ͸ġ
˭֪СٽӹַĽ֮ȴһΪѵɫˣӦģҲҪĽ͡
ŶһΣַ粻Щ⣬ͣ½ŲСۣʵҽģǡ¸ӦõģΪʲôҪ
ˡСͻȻ̾һ֪϶Һɵһöң㹻Ұнˮˣǣһ˵ҲҪʱ̵ǣǵнˮԴͨڵ˰գǼȻڵĸ˰ΪǾӦõģԣʱ̶ǣһͨҪǮ
˵Сԥһ£ҧҧ˵ȥַֻѹʵ̫Ͳ̧ͷڶǼҪκιԱ͹ĽǮԱĽǮҲԴڵĸ˰ĽǮһҲԴڸ˰
ڵÿһͶҪ˰Щ˰Ź塢ŵ۹ҲеԱʿڵĸ˰ȻӦǾְôܶȥҪĽǮأˣҾûиָ˼˵ĻܺܲǳƽյĽ̻壬ҲҸ˵
˵ô࣬Сٸɴֱ̧ͷӭַĿ⣬˵ˣ˵ʵֱΪصϢոմʱҲ֪˲һƬֻţǺвһл෱ٵҵֻũҵռ˰յİٷ֮ʮ࣡
ʱǵں֮ܵҪӸ˰Ͼÿ˶֪ձΪѩħǹȱľǮҺó˼ʱȡһЩʩŰⳡ粨ѹ
󹫣Ǵƽ߳Ĵ壬һڵѴڵǵڣʱʱܻӣҪÿϽ˰ǵѾˣֻһССľ٣ܶʱ򣬽Ϊ˵ĵŻҲҺ𣬵ǣϣһλ˶ϸԣ
˵䣬Сͨһȥˣ֪Ҳ˵ֻԸκδϣĹ£ڽһ쿴ڲٵ£ŲڵĺˮӻΪҵĵλȻܵ΢ҸһҲǴƽ߳ģ


ʮһ ߰
СٵȥЩһЩȴڰѹֵηĻص
ַڶУŹڵϵС٣ﲻЩ㱡
ҪСһԣַ統滹ûʶ⣬Ȼɽկ̶֮һµʱ䣬ѾΪ۵൱һʿɹ۵󣬿˵ַڸͲȱǮ
ǣɽկ֮ôҲûлȴͲ˽⣬ǵַֻǸܲĴ壬ҪľǽǮһũҵΪʡԣǺַܵ˼ǿ˰
ôһȻһСӦ˵ڵģԴǳϿңֳİ֮ġ
ַ羲ںڰеĿ΢΢СٵЩ΢΢ڵϵȴһ˿ᶨƺЩڲΪһʱͺ׼ĶԸ߸ϵѩħǹ˵һȻ˵ˣҲֻҧȥˡ
ɣ𶯲¹򡣡ַȥƽжϥлƽֻҪΪģûбҪȥǿͷ¡Ǹǿ׵Ҫ
Сַǰһ䣬ΪַˡԼһ䣬ȴֲãʲô˼Ҫҵ
ַûһǺܶ࣬ǰᶨЩ㯵С٣Ὺڵʲô֣
䣬Сһ𣺹ҪͷôǲǾҪˣ
뵽ַ緽ŵǷҧҧᶨˣҽֿϡ
ŶַʱǰһвӿһɺЦĸоɺЦĸоҲֿܿϵļֿϡƽΰߡ
ֿвûбϿôᶨַһģɵøоŵЩȻûַһ仰ַƺû˼ȵվס˽Ÿ
ܺãַ͵˵һ䣬Ϊһݹ׺ŬԺ͸ҰɣһΪһɼίԱᡯԺ͸ලµԱ˭Υ˼ɣֻ̰ܻߣһҪϳͲô
һΣַֿĻֻǣ˿̵ȴӵֱһ㣡ղŻڵַԼʲôȴû뵽ַ粻ûдԼԼһĻᣡ
ʱֿЩƲסеļȻʱ׼ɼίԱᵽһʲôĻҲԼַ˼ʱһû˿ԥĴӦĸлˣһŬõģ
ʵַЦЦˣȥҵɡ
ǣˡֿϵɫȥ˺ַܶ࣬粻ûгͷԼԼôһĻᣬ֪λѩħǹԲһλĹ壬һλܴڹϸ䣬ܸˣһֱֿϱ׷󣬴ʱвһϲĸо
ַ翴ֿ˷ܵģȴ̲ס뵽һССľٶ˵ľôλûκξλķ˹һأ
뵽˴̲סӿһڴ
ֿϵĴ£˺ܿ˲˱ѺηǰֿϽηַ֮ڿ˲ˡ
ηһʯĴڽʯĶһС͵ıأηмһķСˮأȴԼֻһ׶ģ
ˮвһľͷӣľͷӵ˰ֱ۰˩סηŵĲ˵ֻ첲˱ˮУֻˮ¶һԴ
ɺϵǣηǽϣһС¹͸С˰ľͷӵĲ˵Դϣ֪ɻڳ˯лǸоԴˮϣһͷɥģ
ַ˻֣˵һ䣺ˣֿϣȥɡ
ǡַպηԿףسַһ񣬱תηȥ
ַͽηعηķţȻŻߵˮظǰ
ַƤѥηڵ΢΢̧ͷһַģͻȻƵĴ󺰵㡢㣬ʲô
ž֣һԹƴҪСʱʱ͹ȥȫס˶Ĳˣƾ޷ѿôֵֻһǰˮ𣬷ɽַϡ
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ȥַһۣ˾
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𣺡һ㡣
𾴵ѩħǹˣ롭˵ޱ˻ƣ֪ΪеķŭѾﵽ˼㣬Ѿһ
֪³ôͲŴһأַĵ˵ͷһתôˣǲԴˮˣӦɣ
ַ纰Լ֣ɫ˲ͱ˱䣬һȻ֪˵ʲôֻܱԼ͡
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߸˦ȥַҲЩòͷˣ˵ûô
߸ƣҲƲסķŭһݶַ磬ҲüΪݣٺ٣һʲôҴ˾һءҪĿ־жɹһ£ȫѪҺڶѩħǹ󻹲Ǳ˭ʹࣿ
˵䣬˸ɴ˫ۣһ׸ģ˵
һΣַûٰкȥζΪҾջӰĶôΪ㻹ԴҪЮʲô𣿿Ҫǲģ㻹治˵Щʲô
˵ţַԼӣڲǰˣĹۺúÿ
ǰһʱͻȻһʱ͸һɲõԤУַڶ仰ȻǲԸ۾ǿҲʹ£˫ۡ
һ˫ۣ¹⿴ַʵɾֱۣ͵һ͵ɴ˫ۣɵʧôܣ


ʮ ж
ַη߳ʱɫѾףȴֿ׼һݷ˸Ĳ˽ȥ
Լص˷
˿ֱַϲûջӰŻֵļ֪֮թļƻʧˣĻ֮£ҲʵĽ֪һжȫѳңȫ˵ֻ֮һ
ַ統ȻȥΪɱûнǸˮųǸһϣ֮󣬾ͷ뿪ΣҲһϣԼɱ졣
ĲɱôַԼҲȷ
صеı˪ѾڻϷůڻһˮɾֻǴϻЩʪ
ַҲô࣬ڴϣ˼Ų˵顣
ݲ˽һȥ·ˣһΪǵǸĵŻǻڵɼɽһҪ̶ӡҪ·ԼһЩ˵ίеȵٰ򸽽ƽ
Ϊ֪һƽ񣬵ǵͻǣȻ޷ǳ׽𣬵Ҳʧһ֡
ԭΪףͲղһȴǰõʱͻȻͳһλˡ
Ϊ巽ĳġҡûмλˣҲͲ֪λ˵ֻ֣֪λ˰巽춼ټһȻ󿪳һǧҵۣŽһȥͨǵ·ϡ
һʼ֪ĶѩħǹʱʵǾܾġ
Ȼţ̰ƣҲȥõ۹ӵ߾λѩħǹŸɣϾ˵ˣҲֻΪѡ
ǣǸȴ֪˶ɻʲôһ㣬óջ棬Ըַİ취󣬻ȷʾҲ˰巽һΪ巽һЩ谭ǵϰ
һԷһǧĸ߼ۣԼ巽õκκ֮ǣϻԴѩħǹթһǧһң巽첻ɵöЩĶ
ҲɵӣҲԽվԽĵ̲סλЩϾԷѩħǹ㲻¶湫ԸѩħǹҵǣҲóʲô֤Ϊն֮ǵʵаɣ
˵нӱ˵ίǲѯʶԷݵģֻǣһΣĿ̫֪ίзǷΪԼ巽ӵʵΣ巽Ҳǲҽµġ
λǡϡ˵ǵĳͳ죬ֵһЩӵж֣巽Ͽλ˵ݺʵ
֮巽ⵥ⡱Ϳʼ˽ĲúͰţ巽ǸɳһЩ˰ͨǵĵ·鷳˳Ҳ¶Щũ顣
ַָдǷţλ˽ǵջŽŷѡһЩֲ˴μƻ
ݲ˵巽˵ܶ࣬ʵȴ˶٣УӶһ࣬ҲʵβһȻֵ˰֣˰ٵܶȴû
˵Ϊ״ȣ巽ģֻİٶˣÿӵж˵ȴҲӶ϶٣ʣµÿӵң巽˼һһǧң
巽֮Уر𽻴һΪƤءȥǱãʵһӻˮļƣȻ巽еۺʵֻĩβӶͲ״ҲûٳһĿ
ӶһڱϿǿλ˱Ӷ˴ε飬״һڱϿλ˱ͰջĽҩԴƽ巽
֮巽ҲΪͬʱŽһ𣬲ʱء˵ɼɽϡ
ַһЩ߶λ˵֣巽еκһϾʡλ˻Щ˼ɣֻٸˣٸÿһ˵ʵ㣬װҪĬһ֪ܹѵ˵˵սȫ巽еκһ
ַοǣҲѵǽٳֵЩũĲλøַ磬ݲ˽Щʶƽ£ֻǣΪ©ԭЩʶûбڵɼɽϣǱ˾Ƕ治Զġɭ֡
Ų˵ַ̲ⷬסһȷԼһԷ˱˵ָʹ
ֻǣ巽λ˵˭ʲôΪλԼȥԷλŻ￪ƺֻԼһѣѵǺô
ûκ֤ݣַﻹǲȷ
ڴ˼ʱ򣬷ȴԤ׵ġ֨ѽһˡ


ʮ Ԫ
˭ھַڵһʱæſڴȥɫѾףȻڵħƲδ򿪣ܼѾܸߣһתͷʱͿˣɵæ´ȥﾪϲŶΣˣʵ̫ˣ
ַ磬ҡεƣȴǴһ˿οЦݣַӭȥУԲˣ
ҵѣˡַЦЦʱ͸һӵ˵еĺʧԵЩˣ㲻֪ȥľ֮һֱڵİΣԷݱϾĺܵ뻢ڡ
ַ磬û뵽Ҳ¶ʱ򰡣Ȼô˵ϵЦȴϣҲǷǳ棺㲻õˣҲˣңԷҲѾˣҪǡ
˵ţַĺ󱳣Ȼֿվֱӣһַ۾Ҵ̽һļƻ
żż˵ַͻȻһתӣһ߳ڵСͲȥһ߸˵ȥ㵹ˮϢһ
οַ罥ԶȥıӰأЦһЦҲִħƣڴ򿪵һ̣ԷħЩʪû⣬֮󣬾ͳһĳȥһƨȥ
ǣųϸһĶë̺һ£ʱ;ЩԾæվһ¶ë̺оʪģְַǰ۲һ£ϿһЩˮգɵüͷ
ʱַһˮӲ˳ÿʵôˣΣ
ַ磬ôķͺˮһλתһ£ħƵĹâͿַ䶼Щ⣬̲ס˵һ䡣
ַʶʪ⣬æǸ˵ŶǱǸȻҵķûбˮ͹ҲˣΪڸղõʱͻƵ˾żˮ׼ңҵǰҲˣӵ˱ԡ
˵ţַͰ׼򵥵ĸ˵һ£˵ҲԵЩΣȻֲһ䣺ȷʱûˣǲֱȥðɣŷ˹͸ǶͳҲѹǸʱٰεķ˵ʡĵʱ򻹵˵һ顣
ַ磬˵εͻȻ֮лһڸǲס˷ܣûעַ绰ġѹʲô˼ȵַѾͻƵżˣ㷿ЩǸɵģ
˵仰ͬʱβûַͻƶʧ䣬෴ܸˣĸˡ
ַεε˼̧ͷ⿴һɫתͷεΣҴӦ㣬֮дһΣšҿɫһһҹ񣬵Ȼ㷢ֵ˵ȥϢ˯ˣˣҾҸطдһΡ
ãѾȲˣһھܾ΢һ£˵״̬Ҳܴ㣬ֺαطǵô鷳أҿھһطʼɣ
ðɡô˵ַҲľܾ˵ͷӿڵȥҷǰСԺɡ
û⡣ӦһתͿ˳ȥһ߻һ˵طңҪݴۡǰʿ¸Ҳ㰡
ϲַ֪΢Цż˵ϻһרΪϯɱҴ´ˡ
һ˵ЦҲһߵ˷ǰͥԺԺ䲢ֻʮƽ׵ӣвûаڷһЩ黨ڵĶķһƬƽҲԵأʺڴд衣
˷ֱվڶԷĶ󣬺ܿͽս״̬ȫ¶ȫת
ʱ˭ûȿڽ΢΢ַ˵ͷַȥ
˱Զ˲ξַײһ𣬿һײζʱ͸оַ綷еԸѸʴԼڣңԸлһɳǵĺ䣬ǹȥڱѧԺַдʱᵽģвɵþһ˿ȡ
ַеľҲΣεĶԸоһֽµļѹУּѹо͸˶ֱһ㣬ַʱ͸е˵ܸо
Ƕڡã
ʵ˵ȻԪرĴԪؽ򣬵ڣַѾӴԪصĴսʿˡ
һȻϰأϰ̱ųĶ˼Ϊ̵ӡ󣬵ڶǱһɱ̩̩ĶӵлĵԸУһ޴ֵĸо
Ȼˣζֲϰغ̩һ˵ĶȻر𣬵һͬص㣬ǾǱ
磬ϰصĶҪһ̡Ḷ̩́ĶȫȫıεĶȴ˲ּͬѹвһΪԵ˲ܸоһɷոУ
˵ϰغ̩ıԣԣ
ײһһ˲䣬ַиЩͷʱ򣬲ɵҲһЩ򣬶һ̣˺Ĭͬʱȥ˿
һײûʹĿľҪú˽һԷĶһֿζʱ̲סһ£ֵַ磬û뵽ĶȻǸһ湻ģ
˵⣬ַε仰һĸоϸղԺиͷһ¾뵽һص㣡
ԪӵбͺԣôԪأ
Ԫַ粻˽⣬ԪַȴǼΪϤ
˵ϵģϵħ֮Уӵмǿ˲ƻͳƻʣһǶȿܴůҲܴһϣĸоħУҲһЩ١ĸħ
Ļ硢ˮء𡢹ͺڰ˴ԪضӦԣӦԪصУ
һʼַΪԼĶӵԵ˵Ӱ죬ᵽˡԪءϣǣղε仰ȴļĳ
ԼĶڻԣΪʲôθоĸоأȡڡϵ
䣬׵Ӱ죬ΪʲôΪʲôԼĶܵ罣Ӱ죿
ѵ˵ԼĶڻôǵʲô
һַ̣ȻԪУ֮ȴ
ַֿڣַվԭһģ̲סǰȥַǰҡҡʵַ磬ַ磬ôˣ
һַ綸ȻҡҡԴǸصǸҸղ뵽һ顣
ףܶڶսʱܻһЩԭ͸飬ַĻһʱȫ⣬ǣ˵ʲôʱһͻȻһΪ˵ʲôʱģ
һҲ˲˵ʲôæŤӣͿٵسԼ˹յĸд裬Ц˹ͳ죬ҸջãܸϣԺлһٴֽ̡
һ仰ʱһֲĸоͻȻεϲҲʧ˲١
ַҲתͷտȥ̧ͷ˿ɫɫ̫̫Ҳû֪ʱ򲻻Ե޹ʵҵԼʵҵͳ죬ôңǲʲô飿
ַѯʣղŶȻԼ⣬΢΢˵ͷ㿴ַ磬ˣ˹͸ǶͳѾˣҵң֪ͨȥһۡ


ʮ þ
ǳۡĴãλۡĵһ߲㽨ĵ㣬ҲߴΰĽ
ֻΪÿɵʽޣһ㽨ϿȥЩžɣУͲѷ֣ȻǹžһЩȴһֱĽ߱ĺظС
ܿ죬ڷյĴ·֮£ַξ˵ĴУ·ͻȻַֻʱֹд裬ԺټС
˵˹ûȨַ֪ͨλѩħǹֻܳĵ룬ȥ԰ݷãַЩڲ̫⣬ңҲΪֿϵĹϵλĳŶصĺøУԣҲûжʲô
һ㣬Ϳõſվĸˣַ綼ʶȸͳһĸǶͳ죬ͬķ˹ʣµǸһ˴Сĵزš
һַǰæڿȺ˵Ĳӭǰȥַڣ˹ʹͷַһĳϿҵѩħǹˣǸǶͳ첻ûǰȥݷǣʵǡ
˵ЩˣǸոѣһûòͰɣ˵껰ַһڴϣתշԸҵͳ죬ȥЩǵø˹͸Ƕͳ찾ЩЩ˾Ͱɣ˳֪ͨ³һˡ
ǡӦһתȥ
ԭ˹ַ仰ʱ԰׵ϸŹֵɫչأǲò͵ģַ֪Ǻ⣬ҲͲ˵Щʲôͷٴַһ񣺡лѩħǹˡ
ˣлĻͱ˵ˡַ˰֣ųͳѪɫӣЩ̲ס˵λոѣܿóλҾãӦڷϢǣһôżѵʲôҪ𣿡
ˣôʹϢʵǱǸǣҺ͸ǶͳȷһǳҪҪ档˹ϵļɫΪԣԵĸǶҲĵ˵ͷ˵˹һָָֻ֣Ĵãˣɡ
Щַвһݣ뵽˵嶼Ҳûż׷ʣ˵ͷ˵ȥ
˹ַ߽ȥŤͷŲԼȥɣԼߡ
֪鲻ģȻҲķ˹壬òӦһȻſԼ˫֣ȥ
ͬʱһԵ֡ӵĸǶͳſ˵ȥ˰ɣеڣֻǸͨˡ
ȵ˵ͷҪſǶͳȥ˹ַȴߵ˷˹ߣزסѾ·ַ򵥵˵һ³ͳԣʱҲס˷˹
˹Ȼ֪ʲôˣܸڹֲñӵˣǿ϶ǹ˵ĸ
˵һûоλССͲ˵ĴҲǶôˣ÷ǳʱзǳ֮ߣҲûоܾϵ˵һ䣺лл
λظһ΢Цûж˵ʲôǣͳκͿȵĲ߽˴á
ó˵ذ壬ܵǽڻ컨壬͸Ͻ죬Ԣ⡰һеĻ鶼ڹļ֤֮ٿŹƽԼû˽ġ
ʱɫѾ˲٣þǲʹħƣܼҲѾǳˣַ߽֮󣬾ͳȥߣڴ޿ɺǣңҪͻóͳΪˡ
˹͸ǶͳҲ˵Ĳ֮˸ϣ󣬿վһԣҲصַߣվ
ˣʵǶͳͬʱԵǰͲЩԾǼлԾĵŻﶼһʧͻȻڴ½һ
˹˲壬ЩżЩ·̶ӶûκʼǾòԾǰȥ˭֪ûеһò͵ʱͻȻѾܱеŻҪ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôҵǵ˵飬ǻûзӦʱ򣬾˻ԣڣҺ͸Ƕһѣ֪Ѿ˵ǣͲż
һ˵ô࣬ʱ÷˹оЩ̲סһ
˹˵Ĳȷ˶ҲѾӦʵˡ
ַ絭˵һ䣬΢΢ͷŷ˹żԼЩﲻɵֶ˲ٺøУ̲ס̾һ˵
룬ǸӦĻʹѾ˲ϢڣֻǶĻʹûʲôͷˣԣǵĳĻһҪҡΪʲôҪҲϢ룬ܿеҩɽĶйء
ַ˵ѾӦʵ˹͸Ƕͳ춼̲סȿ˹ȥȼˣϴǸ⣬Ǹҵλ壬ûڵһʱλʱ䷢顣
ʱ䣿Ƕͳüͷǵ׻˶೤ʱ䣿
⻰ȿַһַۣͷż˵ͳˣһ죬ͳѾ˾ˣ
˵Ĳλж֮˺ܶҽʦûнλϵĶں֪λеľ綾ҩɽ⣬ԣԷӦǻһ㣬Ÿҷĵİļƻλˣλ֮󡭡


ʮ Ʋ
󣬿ʵĽȫԭԭĸ˷˹ԼǶͳ죬ַһۣԵҪѩħǹ˼ʱ˴ϵġʮ졯λѾ
ĻȻû˵˭ף˵֮㳯ַ΢΢һԱел⡣
˹͸Ƕͳ꿨ȵĽжɵЩпԭֻΪԼûж೤ʱ䣬ȴ벻Ѿˣ
Ҳ벻УȻô飬ũǲвȣõѩħǹҲܵ
ַιѪʱ򣬿ȲûڵԣҲַ֪ʲô˳ͳҩɽʮ죬˹͸Ƕͳй˼ѩħǼĻܣҲʣ꿨ȵĽ֮󣬵վַľ֮ʾл
ַ翴վæֵھͲظлˣ廹̫ԺָٸлҲ١
֪Լ˵ЩҪл֮Ļ˷ΪѣҲȡһк͵㣬˵һ
˹Ƕͳһֻۣȥ󣬷˹˵ˣҲһֻϲ˵ˣҵˣȻֻһͨˣκ֮ôΪ٣Ҳ˺ܶྭ飬ҪǲĻԸ׷ĽŲл
ȻȴܼᶨһԵĸǶͳһǱȾһ㣬Ҳ̬ˣҸǶһˣʲôҲ֪лҪȱһˣ룬ƾҰ˼ʵһʧģ
˵棬ַڶУЩ⡣
˵ڵȷҪ֣˹˵ӵзḻĹ飬סҲΪ˽ֵַĿǰҪһˣǶͳӵа˼ʵ֮󣬸ǶһһܺõĽӰˡ
Ҫǣַ罻ʡ֮󣬾Ҫ뿪ֻص۶䣬ôԱбضкܴһã۹һʹְλһ
˹͸ǶͳûκξλĹԱضܴһе֮һԣ̬Чַ磬ҲΪԼĽı·
Ȼ۹Աĳһʵ飬»ʵ۱ҲԸ飬˹͸Ƕͳ춼ţֻҪַ翪ҪˣӦò̫ѡ
Ͼ˲Ϥλ깫ڵ۶Ӱ
λˣĿǰ̸ʱ򡣡
ַʱûб뷨ȻҲҪˣ٣˵ĵһμ棬˴˶ϤַҲ˽˵ƷеΣңǰ鷳ûдãҲһʱҲͲż̬
һַ仰֪ԼЩðʧˣҺãؼʱ򣬴õŵ
ʱŵĲˣȻھַ֮ͬ³ǸС˽һһõһ
λƶͽⶾĸ³ַ΢ЦŽܵ³һλڵĶǷѾɾˡ
˹͸Ƕͳһ⻰ΪԼڵĶλ³ģеȻ𾴣æںרĵ³ļ顣
ַҲֻЦЦûеƣͬʱʾ³Ը˼ˡ
õַͬ⣬³ŴǸСӣַҲŵע³Ķ˿и
Ȼ˶Ѿѣַﲻұ֤ԼѪҺǷľܳڵľ綾Ƿ񻹻СףԣʱҲǽš
ʱһһȥ³ڰѹջСڣȻַ繧ʩһ̲סЩ˷ܵˣϲɺذλڵĶضѾʧֱ漣
³ĻַǷģˬʵĹЦȷϲɺأ³ȻôͰˣҲżȥˣù֮ٻȥɡ
仰䣬˻ûüӻʱ򣬴ٶŵھ֮ͬ󣬷ձһȺŷ˵߽˴á
ڷĲϲ˵ˣǿͶߵַ֮󣬾ͳŷ˹͸Ƕͳ˵ͷϵοԱ
˹͸ǶͳҲòԵĻظ˿Ͷһ΢ЦŽ˰ķˣնδʳ˲ɵʳ󿪡
ַ罫˵ı鿴վԼ˵һ䣺ˣǶûòͣվˣһ԰ɡ
ַķԸκͷյͲλͶ˶ѾҲͽһĩ³ͿҲ
Ȼ󣬴극֮ⳡڴڵͱʼ
˲ʢȴζֻǣַǰøճһЩʱҲǺֻܶһţţ˰뱭ţ֮Ѿˡ
˹͸ǶͳȻθڴ󿪣岻ǱʳֻǺһЩһСҲͷ˵档
λҪһͣҲ˼ټˣַͶȥһѯʵĿ⣬ַ⣬Ǳ㳯ŷ˹͸Ƕͳʱҵٵзһ·Ѿ˽⵽˵˵ĲϢ˵ҹͬһ¶Ը˵İ취ɡ
˹͸ǶͳԭΪַ£ȴ룬ַȻˡѡƺɵЩԾο˵ı飬Ͷȥһ΢ЦֻһȦŽ˸ٰ֮顣
ڵзһλĲǵϣԣзһļƻҪϵˡ
˵˿ַΪо綾ӵоԵȨԣǾѡһ˫ûκľ԰ȫĵص㣬˸ϼٵĽҩԴȡǵ¡
ҸΪǵƲĺܶ񶾣룬ѡǴص˫ûκԹ˵ݣҲͲǰȥֳԷ϶Ҳᵽֳ
һ˾޷ڵһʱҩ٣ȹ֪˽ҩǼٵ֮󣬶ԷѾûκι˼ʱĽҩȹ˾ͷ˳ˣ
εĻһ£նʱͱף쵰Һùϵľ綾ѽ⣬ȻĻ»ȺһȦף
һ仰νǵ˴ҵַͷ˹֮⣬˲ɵö׷׵ͷ
ʱ򣬷˹ȴüͷѯʵˣ˼ԷȻҲ¶ֶζԸģ
仰һڣһԵĸǶͳͿҲʱַͶȥĿ⣬ʵ϶ַֻ֪ܵ˶ԷȴͲ֪еϸڡ
ַ΢΢˵ͷͰ·򵥵˵һ飬󲹳Ƴϵľ綾ѽ֮⣬֪ԷһƻҾãӦһð취ȫһ򾡣
˵䣬ַ΢΢һ£˵ʲôʱͻȻסˣɴ˫۽棡
˼ַı飬Ҳʱ˳ַĿ˹ȥɲãһ˶סˣ


ʮ Ҫ
ʱɫ͸õ͸ǽһƬ
ַǸ͸ǽϣһССӰڰ֮УֻСְ͸ǽڣһشŴЩˣڿַʱСС¶˷ܵɫ
Ҫ֪ÿ¥Ҳʮ׵ľ룬뵽ڴ͸ǽϣǾֻСУ
ȻǸССӰ˫գṳ̂κϣ˷У˶벻ͷˣ
ǡвֻеʥֱ֮ѵǸССӰһλϵħʦ
ǡǷϵħʦԦҲ޷ɵʮ׵ĸ߶Ȱɣѵǰ˼ķ
ǡǸССӰֻǸСӰжͣ껹ꣿѵǳ٪
һ̣гˡǡ֮⣬ƺҲĴԼˡ
³ȻǸСŮϤȴû뵽СŮȻҲһλڿյĸ֣˿̲ɵҲסˣһɹŹֵɫƺ뵽ʲô
ַףǼȲԦҲǷǵ³ȻеġԦѪ߿ģǸССӰǱˣֻ࣬ǣַһֱ֪ʲôʱͷųġ
΢һ£ַæվŶ͸ǽȥǽ࿴ַ糯Լϵ˷ܾøʢˡ
͸ǽڵĴӣһ¾ַĻַһ򿪴·һżĺС㣬
ޱȵż͵ģַڶУͻȻһ̽ͷȥͿվڵϣ뵽Ѿֹͣ˺㳯溰һ䣺ɣҵ㡣
Ĵַһϲæһ¥ȥ
ַϴӺŻСԴԴ𱸵С椰ʱ㲻úôڷ˯ܵʲôôżʲôˡ
ǣ㰡һĴ۾ضַ磬һ˵һ䡣
㲻𣿡ַСϹ˹Σõַ𣿡
ǣЩ˶ҽȥ಻С죬һͷɥģ
ַ䣬ʱʶڵķ˹˻ûи׵׷ʲô飬æһСԴοһ̧ͷȥܵҲõģǽ࣬ҵġá
ݵʱַﲻɵЩŹ֣ԴϿ֪ʵ䣬ԼСŮϵ
ַûнĻҲһС첲סַĸ첲һַĻһܵģ
˹һַĽܣʱͻȻ򣬸Ƕͳ̲סһ䣺СС;ܷˡ
仰Ȼģ壬˵˴ҵοĿԭҲòͬˡ
ֻȴ˭ҲᣬַҲƣصλһƨŴһ˿ǸЦǲ˼øλܾˡ
ˣҵû뵽Сûǰ֪ͨ˹վЩĳַ˵һ䡣
ֻǣ˵仰ַͰ˰֣һڴϣ㣬Լ֪ˣ͵˽ɣҵĻǾͼ۶Ը˵ĶԲ߰ɡ
˵仰ʱ򣬲ûע⵽ѾϺܶ໹ûüԵЩ͸˹ȥһ˫Ĵ۾ϵķ⣬Լ촽
ַߵοСַһ䣺СӦûûͰɣ
⻰ַʱͿһۣı飬ʱ͹Ц֪ҶûгԱ԰ɡ
˵ţְԼûԵһݶǰ΢ЦҲ԰ɣҳԱˡ
ɲСץ˶ͽԼ˼ˣҲæֿʼ
ûСݡҲֻһͨˣ¥õʱҲһˣַ绳سŲһȸַһ񣬲ֶŷ˹͸ǶͳһͬʱԵĽһԼ
˹Ȼ֪ѩħǹĻζʲôҲ̫΢΢Ŵ˵ͷͶȥ΢Ц
ߵַԣЩεˣ˹ͳȥ֪ͨ³ʱ֪ֻû뵽ڰ·ȴС㡭
Ǻǣһʱû˯ءַЦЦͬʱкɣȻˣǴҾһһ¶ԸԷļƲߡ
һ˵ţַͰѸղ˵Ļִظһ飬ͬʱҲѲڵ˵ЩҲ˽һ顣
ַһԼĿʵϣԷƲȻ񶾣ҲĺãϵĶûнĻȫ뵽ʮַԸǣϾòץסһʣȻҲ׵ؾͷŵôҲݾߡ
˵ûм˵ȥˣͻȻĿͶ˷˹˹Ǹ͸Ƕͳ¶ˣòϻûʲôͻҲףЩŻֻһЩڻңҺҪĻʹݣҪġ


ʮ 㼺
ַһ仰˹ͷ˼һԵĸǶͳҲһͬ˳˼֮У˶ˣڴĻش
Ƭ̣˹͸Ƕͳͬʱ̧ͷȻ໥˸һۣ󣬷˹ְĿתַϣɫˣǸ˴òϲûʲôͻطҲͨ
˵˹תͷǶͳ죬֪Ƕͳûмǵʲôرĵط
ҲûǵʲôġǶͳҡҡͷȻַ磬˵ʱֻ˵һ仰Һͳ˷Ӧʱ˻ԡ
һ𸴣ַֹ磬˶ɵͬʱ̾ϢһĴã˿ȴѡ
ûܵʲôӰģֻлŬŶεˡ
˹ʧģæּһ䣺ǵǸ˵ĳ࣬ھͽ˰ֽͱϸ˻
ǰҲ㶼ˣ˵Ļ˵ãľԸһǶǰһҲŸһ䡣
˵仰ָ˴һϣַȴǰ˰֣ͳǾȲżȷ˹ȥٶʰɣֱȥҾˡڣǻһǰɡ
ַô˵Ҳе˵ͷǣˣַ֮⣬ߵľֵ˹ˣԣ˶û̿ڣǶԼͬİĿ˷˹ϡ
ˣݸղĽղŽǸ²йϣҸȷеĵŻﶼѾۼһ𡣡
˹һ˼ţһ߼Ƕۼ˵ɼɽ˵һ׽ǵĺûᣬͬʱҲٷɢ˼
һϼٽҩ󲿷־ȻϣȻջӰ־綾һµʱڱ֤жߵİȫǿҸһ£ȵǵθڣǾͰвãʱ֮һ˸ǡססǵעһֱһ򾡣
˹һ˵ˮ˿ûַڶУɵð̾ȷһȫķ˵ܱߵеŻĳɹĻܽԷĻʹ
ǣַΪߵλߣ׵ıֳԼ̬ȣԣ˹ĻְĿ˸ǶͳϣǶͳԴʲô𣿡
ˣⷽҲóҪ˵̣ҵ˵䡣ǶͳЩ΢΢üҸղżһ£ճ˵ķҪǧڰаΧסɼɽ
ɽλڵǵ˵ʺߵһ·ǵţҪвõĻǾҪϱŷֱɳƵΧסɼɽϱ֣Ȼɳ󲿷ֻ۵ɼɽĶ˹ϵɼɽеĵŻﶼһ򾡡
ǣ϶ɲóֻòĻÿȥҲޣɵĶҪ˶Էע⣬ֲǵĻµ£ͺƿԡ
ңҲܱ֤Щ᲻ϱɽԣǻҪɽϱ಼㹻֣һУǽǽԷǰ£
ˣղҲ˵ˣԷЩǧٸˣҾ󲿷˵ʵףһɼɽߵǳǱ߲ᣬǿҲҪɳǧɽǣĻϱֱֻܷһǧˣǻĵȫһӴܵĻÿ˺ѽסǡ
ǲˣѡɽ޶Ҳǣңп϶в˷ԽɼɽƽǳǣܷԽȥ¶ǶԷһҪЩܣ͸ǶɽĻᡣ
ȻȫǳϵãǸ޷֤ǻĸӴܡҪǣϹǧҲֻǧ
˵Ƕûټ˵ȥˣһԵķ˹Ƕ̸̲ⷬס̾˿Ҳɵҡҡͷ
˿˸ǶͳĻǰǰǧȫɳȥǾͬˣǷƽڵİȫҲ޷֤Էۼ˵ɼɽǲκι˼ɵĻԷʡԷעʱҲлᱻĿԡ
ңһжǽ£мĸڳʲô©Ͼ˭޷֤һнչԤһңսǶģֱˮһսսʽĺΣա
ôһ˵е˶˳ĳĬ֮С
ַ粢ûд̣ԣһʼ˷˹ĲԣоһķһǶͳͷյķŻȻе©ʵ̫࣬ƾԼⷽ
ʱַѾչӵмΪ׳˽飬Ͳõ⣬˽ɼɽΧסҲܰǧٵĵŻ
ǣֻǧҪɽ϶ûãȻҲЩ䵱ǣЩ˿ɶӵбսϱ̫Ļַһʹ
ǧ䵱ϵǵǧټٻҽĻҲֻǧˣ
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Ͷڤ˼ģ̲ס˵ˣǲܲͶʯͶʯ˵ɼɽ£ɽͶʯĻ
ˣܡ
ͻȻһڴϣͶʯǹǹߣӦòֹߣҪǴڿʼĻҲͶʯҲ̫󣬺׾ͻᱻԷ֣ңͶʯ׼ͷʵ̫ˣҲֻŻŻɽϵЩΪŻǾͷô󾢡ðôķոͲֵã
ô˵Ͷ̲סǶͳ쿴˹ȥǶͳҲҡҡͷų̾һ
ַſͶȴһûż˵ǰĿתһֱڳ˼Ĵϣڵ֪ûʲôõĽأ
ַ翪ڣ˾ַ֪Ѿѳ뷨ˣϸղַ׿˵ĻŵĻ˶ɵε˴˵˵Ļţ϶й֮ɣ
ҲûʧַĻæ̧ͷ˵һ䣺ʵ˵ķܺãֻǵʵ̫ˣʱҲ벻õķȴ뵽һͶȡɵİ취
Ŷַʾ˵ȥ˷·ҲǰһŴ
ܵôλȨص˵ĹעһЩţȻһַˣû׽²϶Щֽأ


ʮ ֮
˵ˣַü϶ʲôֽţ
ַɻҲ̲סͶȥ˲Ŀ⡣
ˣȻǵֲǾֻ취ӵŻڲ߽ˡ侲ԷȻҪѲ˾ȻȥǾ֤˶˵һҪ
Ҹղ˵ȥٵʱԷλƺΪЩͣǾͿץסǵìܵ㣬˵ˣͶŶԷٽҩʱѲͻȥò˶ֱǸ˵ڲһӦʱӦϣҪЩŻԵ׶ˡ
˵˿˵ȴðգȻ˵˵ķкܱ֤ܶ࣬ȷȫ˵ˣ˵Ҳܱ֤Ǹֱܱ˵һǸֱ첻Ļǻֻܰճ˵ķðһðˡ
󣬴ܽᣬҲޱȣϾǸҰ򹫾ˣҲǱˮһս
˵зеһӦòѣ֮ԸϮˣǱ޴ʹֻҪһļ۸ٱ֤ºԲ׷ȥǵĺ֮ǣӦǲѵġ
˹˵̲ס̾һѵȴ˵ˣֻҪǵЩܴܾͻͷǰǲ˱˵Ͼôãһҳϵģ˼붼һЩԥ˵ԥʱ򣬺ܿѡ˵
ϾǷȥҲ¶˼ȴɵģĵٹֶ̣һҳϣҪǣ֪ûжܣûı˵ڻȥʱ϶ĵĸǸ졣
ǣûȫ˵϶ͻȫȰ˵ͶҲܿΪЩҳ϶ȣӶѡԼжҲԸΥԸ룬һ㻹пܵģ׷ЩŻİУҿǼٸԸԼעĵ
ûвȫȰĻܿѡӴܣҲܿѡܸĸĻʹ
ʱ򣬿¾͸öԸˣԣҾصӦ÷ڲϣֻĵѡǣ²пܳɹ
˹һķֵʾܵ˼άڶУһγĬͬʱǶͳ컹̲סһ䣺ңҪ뿪ļ۸񣬿ҲѰ
һ仰ɵձøѹ
ַĿЩɫ࣬һͷ˼ģҪһֵһ۸ĻҲʲô⣬ǧҷֳݣÿܵõİңԼͨ˵ǣ
ǣǮãһˣǴȥãȥˣѩħǹɾͶˣңշ˹İ취ЩԼĵҪߵģ
ַ統ȻЩ˷ߣұ֤˵ڵ֪ѩħǹҪͨʱ򣬻᲻һ֣һȷǴӦַ磬ȴһЩȴַ֤ͨӳ֣ǵַЩȫɱˣôǰߵһЩ֤ݷųʴһЩַҥԣַϿɾͳɨˣ
ɲ˵ǸѩħǹǮ¸֮ĸĻȻַҲԼʱϢɱһӰ٣ôĽֻ
ϾһԷͬ⣬ǾǺϵԷҪǷߣַҲܳԤ˲ģǡ
һºɱЩԼĵһԺЩȱǮˣЩҪЮַ磬ҲһΪͷ۵飡
ԣǮܳҲã
ŵͷ˼ˣͻȻһһһ취
ʲô취˹ʵҲ̧ͷַҲʱ˼Ŀת˴ϡ
취ʵ֮١̾˿룬벻취ֻһĸ˽ӽˣױɲ˵ģзزȰ˵죬˴һλóݵĸ֣԰αװɲ˵ģ
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Ŵ˶̲סҡҡͷɫЩŹ֣ʶԼӡ
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˿յɫַһλٿˣѾ뵽һ֮ˡ
ַΪߵˣǵһαʱͽ˵Ŀⶼ˹
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ܺãַͻȻ³һ̸
ͻȻһͷ࣬࡭ڵġԦԴ˷𣿡
Ѿ˶ΣһֱںĿڵˣʱַʱ̧ͷ˵һ䣺ѽһûԹܴأ
شַ˵ͷһ䣺ҲӦܿƷͷȰɣ
ƺûգŴ۾һɻַ磬ãʵʲô˼ѽ
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ѽˣֻǻûַ絽ʲôɵõһĴ۾ɻַ硣
ַȴǵ˵ͷһʵôͬʱƶСͷݻߴͷݣšǳų򡢿Էеࡣ룬Ӧͬʱɣ
˵仰ʱַ粻ڼԭһȺӶʱ׳۾һΣͬʱϰֻħޣ弶βȣڣͨ»Ҫ
Ȼַһ˼һַĻȻ˵ҲûԹҾãӦܿ࣡
Ȼಢûȷ˵ҲǱַ̬֮ѯʵԸԸѽ
ȻһΣûκԥ˵ⷬգ۾ַ磬С϶ɻ
Ǻáַ粢ûнͣ΢΢ЦЦСԴ̧ͷɨˣһҵķʵֵĿˡ
˲ַ⵽ʲô˼ɵ㿴ҿ㣬ӶԷ￴ŨŨɻͲ⣬ңʱʱĿַ绳ַ࣬绹ҪæСŮ˸ĺ档
ַ翴˵ģȴЦˣ˵˵ɣšҵİ취λ֮ǰ˼Ĳ˶٣ͽңʣµô


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ⳡһֱ˽ӽʱֲβͬһ˳üģһۣѾ˶Цտڼ仹ʱܴˬʵĴЦ
˵ͻûԶ٣ȵ齫Ҫʱ򣬷˹Խ׼÷ʢٴ¥Ĵò͡
ãǲ۵˵ĻЦɵ͸¶һůľ󡭡
ùͣ˲ɢַ磬ڰͻȥ֮󣬾һ˵֮С
ͬĵ⣬ɭˬһ߽ΣַҲһ˲ȣη佫ηĴŴַ֮˻֣뿪ˡ
ƿţ˽ȥȻֹţŰĿ˲˵ϡ
Դ˰һжгַ֮˰ӱˮ˳ҲժͽɿռӵһηôСһʧȥͨ˵ѾǺܺõĴˡ
ʱηʯϵĽԱ߰ڷһʢ˵ķ̣Ŵ򿪣ûбֳκιľٶ̧ͷһַ߽磬ֵԴҶѾ֪ȫ˵ˣ㻹ʲô
ȥƽĻصη
ַ翴һķ̣һ߹ȥһ̾ϢŶ룬⵽ͻأΪʲô㲻أ
ҳԲ¡˵ͷַĻȥҲһЩԽԽԼƤѥʶһӡ
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ַĺһ仰һæֻ̧첲סԼԴæ𡭡𾴵ѩħǹˣʲôԸ
һΣûԤеİ𣬲˵仰󣬷ַ粢ûлػ̲ס̧ͷ͸˫ۼķ϶ȥȴַһۡĿԼ
ŶϣƤˮذַ翴˲˵˫Ϊˮݵʱ̫ӶЩˮ壬ɵһϧҡҡͷӿռָȡһСƿ˲ǰʯϣһĵԼֲһɣܿͻˡ
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һȵѲһæһְֻСƿ
ַ翴ϲ¶ЦݣվŲ˳Ŵȥһ˵ûп˹ӵϰߣӵʱ䣬ȫһ飬ת֮ϣѾ·ˡ
˵䣬㸺ֶؿţ
ʯϵĲһ䣬æϽһ߰СƿеķĩԼϣһݵַ磬˿Ķ񶾣
ܿԼСƿķĩ͸оѾ˲٣æ·ǰǰ˸Ͳӵʱ䡣
˿ַ̣米Լģ˻վԼƤѥһѿָϸСذףָ䣬ݶĿַ磬ƺĵһڸǸһûκηֻҪСذײĲˣ
ǣݶͷڲ˵Ժи𣬾һȥʧȥ˶ǸһֻһļսʿҲĶ֣
һ˲䣬˵ﲻɵһɵӣĵطѾ̧Сذ׵ֻ֡
ǣһ£񶾵ͷһҪеƴ񣬸󣬾ʧˣҲˣô
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˵ͷһһĥŲ˵ģ̶ӵʱգۼڲж񶾵ͷռϷʱַҲһ͵ת
ʱ䵽ˣţҺ⡣ַһתͿѾվʯһһ˵һ䣺һֱΪ˿ԲҪ棬һҪ֪֮ʶ㣬ô
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ַҲһ˲˵ߣͻȻһץסֻ֣˵ɣΪҸղûע⵽С㻹еǣûѡ񡣡
һ䣬˵ʱͿһ˲䣬ȫʧһ㣬ԹԵİСذ׽ַ磬ȴǵ߶һ䣺лл
ʵϣַڵľѾﵽ˾żˮ׼ڸйϲ֪Ҫƽ˸߳ٱղȻһֱûлͷȴһֱо۲Ų˵ĶȻ˴ƤѥгСذ׵Сûжַ̽⣡
ԭַ绹ϣ˵ˣԲ취Բ˵̬ȣȻҲһַͬ𵽡˵˵Чַĸ̫ܲãַҲʹá
ڿҪ˵һһϦɵˣһ²˽Сذףַ罫ʯһߣվһͷɥģĲˣ΢΢ڵڴϣ۾ƽǰ
Ѿ׻ģַĻûκԥ˴ϣȻ۾ַͬ˵һƽǰȻʧȥյɡ
ַ翴е˵ͷһӿռָų˺ܾöûзųķ
һѺڰųηڵɭ̶ƺ˺üַȴô࣬Ʒ˲˵ϡ
û뵽һ˷ɫ֮⣬ַòһһͻȻԼ棬һͬʱɵþ㵵ַıһۡ
ҵ۾
ַķһ·Ƚ˲˵ʱһݣľͿַ۾
Ϳġַ硱ڵ˫иһĨɺѪɫһĨɺ·ӵĪһ㣬ô貣ôˣ˲ľͳУֱһƮƮɵĸо
һַ̣еɺʢһͷ׷޷Զɢһɭֲľ޴ƣֱӰһԵСذ״˵ϣʢ˵ķҲһ´ԶҲĶ죡
ţַıͻȻһȫľ޴ӰԽӽη컨壬ֻ¶һɺ⣬ֱ˲˵˫֮У
ͬʱӰȻڣɭ·ǣΪ־飺ơ


ʮ ЧӦ
̶̵ĸ֣·ܹĵΪ־飬վʯϵַ籾壬ɫҲЩɷס
֪ǣһ̣˲ͰûЩڵĿһЩ죬ζһĿ־ʿ͵䣬һ̣һ
һַ̣ҲͬɺѪߣ˲˵˫ʱַǸӰ䵭ӰͻȻ·Ĳ˳ȥ
һͷ˲˵
һ̣վʯϵַͻȻ־ǱӵԼĸоеĿ־壬Ҳһ޷Ŵ
ͬʱͻȻЪ˹ľʿֻо亹˫ȴڵǽվˣ
Ҳͬһʱ̣½ıˣԭѪߺȻ̧ͷϵķ³֣䣿

½ĳ䣬һλоеĵϷһۣϣ͸¶һ˿ӣǵ䣬޷ᵽǾ˶²ɣ

½һ䣬һòĵŮҲͬϷһۣ漴ͻȻЦһЦԽԽӴ

۶ɫʯµĹ̻ͻȻϷһۣȻתϣо𣿡
£ѵǺڰ𣿡гɫЩѿ
̻˵ͷϷֳһλʥڰʦǡأ

ڰڰ̻ƽϷأ˵һ䣺ף

ħᣬˣòӢĽͻȻֹͣڤ룬ϷһۣӰãգۼʧԭأٴγֵʱ򣬾Ѿħϯķأ˵һ䣺Ϸкڰ䲨취ȥ飬ǵǸڰʦ֪ô
ħϯԭڤ֮УӾͶʱһ𣬵˫ۺȴַڿһˣȴǶ޵ĿһħߵڣҲ𾴣ǣʥ

ѧԺ޲ͻȻһɳ죬ȫɫƣصϷãŴӿз£Լ鷿ȥͿӭǰһĵʵףôˣ
ûʲôҸղͻȻоϷһɺڰħĽ䲨޲Ȼô˵еȴû˼
ݺ޲ػ˵ɵżʵ䲨Ϊʲôûо
ĲҲֻʥϵʵܴӿռи֪㲻ʥҲû򵽿ռ䷨Ǹоֲġ޲̾һ
ǣݵɫͻȻ䣺סַϷǲǳʲô飿
ݣҵŮ㲻Ҫżַһʲôġ޲æοŰݣ̻ʱôַ綯أ
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޲ԼŮһģ̲סһʹ̾һðɡ

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һ֮쳣ΣգûдսʿʵֻҪоֻһ³
ǴﵽսʿҲֻΧ̤㣬һһ㣬ͻ᳹ʧľ֮бɸֶ͡
ûΧ߶Ե룬еһֻֻ½϶ҵĶ棬ǱһֻҧһڣֻҪûдﵽʥ򣬾ǿ׳ľż۷սʿ޷ֿ
涼ʱʱðһž綾ɫݡ
ڣϽһ߾ʬ壬ĿнӽߣЩʬ֮УеѾӽãеǸûã˿ȫðž綾ݵ
ɹǣЩѾõʬ廹Ǹûõʬ壬طŸ̬ϵı仯һֻֻ治ϵشӸõۿȥ
ЩʬϿգƵߴһӰظڰ֮У˫۳ĬϷԲ
·ƮĶһöûУܺõĻ׾ܿڰյΧĿռЩģϸ׵ľͱģĿռ
ãӰ۵׸һŨŨİˣ·Žһʬ˵׶㵽Ǳ˭ɱģ
˵䣬̧ԴϷİʧȡ֮һĵ˭һΪ㱨ģϷƺҵͬ飬꣬ҾʹһȥϷѰҡ




ʮһ 
Ϸʡͬһƽͨڻǹͺڰ͢ķֵûܵ˿Ӱ죬һжƽһɵĽš
ַķͷųڰ䡰ơ֮ǰһʡУϷеĳСĲгϵһȴôһĻ
أλԾһն˶Էͷ­һֻ̣һͷ­ֱɳ죬̵ѪϣȾ˵ӣҲȾ˵һۡ
£һݵӱһȺѧԺСѰΧסһ࣬ȻһȺСѣ㵸ĭɵļţǣλȴ°Χڣû·
˵ͻȻˣΧסһȦСѲżĺأأ׷ʲôѽ
Сżһ⣬Ⱨ˫Źӣտڲԣ񡭡ֱǼĿ£
һҪ߳Ⱥģ˵ˣͽ
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һλǵСкͻȻӻͳͭ壬ǲĿۣݵӵǰ˼ľһѵ㣬˵ʲôɣ
ƲһСͭ壬һмߣΪΰʫˣΪöͭͳԼأǼֱ̫СˣιÿҪȥϢˡ
һ䣬ǰݹͭСкһ¾żæĶߵСһǮ̶һСΧСǾͶݳԼϽеͭ塣
һֱ̧ͷԶһΪ嶷ߡģһۣÿСѵﶼԼɢͭ壬Ȼ̾˿ȻٵشÿСѵߣЩСѻᷴһ㡣
СǵǮһǺܶ¡ģ̾ˣȻǶôг⣬ҾͰνɣ
㣬㰡СѶʱͻЩȲĴߴžӡ
ӲɫĸȵݸԼöͭǸСʹһɫǸСգգۣȻЦһһС˵־ģ
˫۵ӣ뿪ʼŽʱͻȻ˫һͻȻתȥԶԶǵķȥһ˲䣬ɫޱȣϵҲҡһ䣬һʱ䣬һɷǵĴ
һ̣ΧСǵĴߴ·ʧŵǵķ˸ŵʣֳ½һۣתٳͬķֽۣĿ˵۶ķϣþòŲ
ιι㽲
СǵĴߴֽص˾ӵĶУŵͷһ̵ȫޣָԭһģȿȡż𡭡
ƭˣǸһˣǮǮȺУͻȻһСˮžӣȥŭѹСһ䣬Ҳ·ɿһ𳯾Ӵ󺰵ǮǮ
һãʱͼɫһݣֱͦ壬֪ͳһֽȣϿգЩŵؼ
дãۿһȺ˶ΧסԼͻȻԭһֱʣһ֮ߣЩΧס˵ĻֻоǰһͻȻʧˣûп˵Ķһԭأһ̡
˵ӷ¾ֱۣͷС˼ۣǲôţ
Ǹһˣ
ԣЩһɱˣ
Բԡ
СͻȻչ˼ҵۣӺٺһЦһ°ֽȴ򿪣һ߻ضԼţһζһ̣˴Ӹ߿սɫԷɿٶÿ˵Ĳظһ¡ͼصһ̣л˵ͷ­Ҳͬʱһɳ죡
ۣС̲סȲ
һһΰ˸߳󣬻ǵͷʬͬʱڵأѪӿȾ˴أҲȾգ˳Ĭ뿪ԭأӰԽȥԽԶʧڵҹʱëëϸ꣬·Ϊһ˲ͻƵʥ֮ж
˵һ䣬Ӻϵĸпһҡҡͷ飬ֱҪжꡣ
СǷ·𶼱ָסˣȺ֮һƬžƺڻŷĻһ㣬ֱһСѳǸ˾˭ôˣ
СѵĿڣʣµСҲԼͬĺѽѽ˭ѽô
һΣӻǺûٴСǵǮһɣģǸΪĸĸѪ֮󣬾͹˴½˴½ĹУΪһλΰʫˣǸ겻Ǳˣǡң

ݵļž󡭡
ƭˣǮǮСѶʱͬ
һʱͲˣ٣ô˵ǲˣ
ǮƭˣСǵĿΪǿˣǲŲʥʵء
ߣǮܣƲƲ죬һࣺɶǵĸԸҵġ
ι˵˲Ǯģҵ·
٣ǻˣŲʹǣ
ιιιǸʲôлú˵Ҫֶŵġ
һĹ򣬾ӾͱСΧһ𣬶ʱһȭкȥӲЩջ𣬸뻹֡ؼʱ̡
ޣһ㣬ȻܵƭСӵǮˣһĽ׳ò뺷ŮһļСѵȺһѾ;סӵĶ䣬ݺݵҶˣƭǮЩСӣ
ˣˣ㣬㡭ӶʱһЦҿûƭЩɰСѣֻǸǿЦǺǣЦ
˵ţæͳղš׬ǮЦǺǵַָЩСѣСǼѾóǮʱûԼǷͭ壬ӵǸжҲʱȺһɢˡֻ¾ӼΪۡ
ߣԺҪٸҳƭСӵǮҷǰȶϣ뺷ŮۿһУص˵ͷ󣬾ͼžӵĶԶг䣬ת߽һСͬڡ
ûãһɱһĲҽ𣺡ۡ۰㡭㰡

ǣۡΧ
ʿѾоĿ־˺ܶ࣬㿴ҿ㣬ȴ߽￴һ
ãʿͬʱԵ˵ͷһ￴ǣȴ֣οھǱһεӡסһ޷ǰһˣУһʿʱ˵⿴ţȥ֪ͨˡ



ʮ ռ
ڣ˵ηС
ַı建ӵʹҡҡͷоѾ˲ٻȻֽ˼󣬲ŰĿתʯϡ
˿ַ̣ķ֪ʲôʱѾᵹĿǽϣĲҲԴһԣȻѾ˹ȥ
üͷؿӣַıղŷʲôæһѽԼķ˷ƤȷֻΪݽ˻ԣŷĵİѷս˿ռָ
һƨ˷ղλϣڵĴŴҪԼͷԱһЩҲͬʱŸղŷ顣
ƣںڰħзϵĽ֮һȻǿƱ˵ꡣ
ͬʦƱ˵壬Ϊֻʣսʬ⣬ƾֱ˼һƵǱ˵꣬ȣϣǺѲġ
ΣʦֻܿսʿңƵսʿ巶Χһ룬Ǹսʿͻᡰָɡ
ڰȴͬ۶ԷħʦսʿԶͷţֻҪԷĵȼԼߣǳɹļʻǺܴġ
ңһɹ߲ӵбм˼άһ뿪ͷߵߣ۶Զûκ⡣
ֻǣߵꡭҲ˼룬ᱻͷ߿ơ
˵ַ⣬ǶԶԷĴӵоԵĿȨô򵥡
ǣħĸҲܴǾǣжôǿʵħ֮󣬶ֻʣʮһʮһߵͻԱ
ԭַǲԲʹħģһΪħĳɹʲǰٷ֮٣ַڵʵҪͷųĺѡ
ϾһֻڴﵽʥͷŵĽ䣬һ߼ħô򵥣ַոսżȫƾŶԿռһεʶŸ÷ͷħ
ľǶģҲ˵ַı徫ݽߣȫԴӷпٳȡҲ൱ӵżħʦľ
żħʦ޷һʥʦᲢۣԽͷħĺֻһǾ͸֧
ԣȫħͷųʱַ͸оľţ鼱֮£æԼıԴԴϵ͸ɾһַ̣ı廹һ˻Уʱʧغ
ҵǣͷַķı徫Щ͸֧͸֧ЧҲıϣķûκԣһΣַǼһˣ
ȻĻѾһˡ
ڴ𷽲ŷ飬ַʱ͸оһ£ԭΪƾԼԿռ˾żĻѾʹһЩˣȻҲԤ뵽ĺܴ󣬵ȴû뵽Լֻôһ㣬ͳױһֲˣ
ҪַͷһƵĻ϶һھܾ
ôһȦҲַһڱƲѵ£һһһɵˡ
ҺãȻڸоͷԻģȴĸд˵һ˿
΢΢һŻǽԹȥĲ˶Ȼ˫ۣɺһضַˣʲôԸ
ַǿžŤŤӿһ۵ڵϵǸСذףʱ˾ַͨһȻʯڵϵСذףȻԼƤѥ
Լַ翪һ
漴˱̧Լ˫ֱ֣ԼʹȥʱηڱĶ
ַһ˱ֹͣ
ַòͬķ˼֮󣬲ĵĴԼռָȡһСҩƿСҩƿ˲˵ҩƿװǽڷסĽҩ֮Сʱڶָܻ
Ȼַָһ³Եеķ˵Ȼ߳˲˵η
Ϊ͸֧Եʣ˿ַüΪƣ룬ڴĴ˯һ⼸ΣҲǿĴž
һ߳ηַͿ䶼һֵԼ򣬴˿ΪƣԵʣҲýֱָָͣԼǸ䣬Ըûµģģȥηϰɡ
˵ţҲʲôӦֱԽȥڲѾ׿ƣ벻ҲûʲôַȥϣҲֻǰЩ˵İˡ
Ȼ㾶ֱߵ˵εſڣȴ﷢֣˹Ƕͳ졢աͶȵȣһȺʿۼżǻſڣȴ޷Ρ
Щһַ߳϶ʱ¶˾ϲɫȴΪڣֻվż
ַ翴˵ģһ£ֳſڴ˰֣Щ˶ʱͷֿԽˣƬ̣ϳַӭȥտһĻƺЩ򣬲˶ѾӭǰȥҲû룬һӦȥ
Щ֮޷Ϊַƿռ佫ںҲڽż֮󣬶Կռһ
ңռ룬ǰǸռһֻǶݵ꼻һ֣Ǿ̶߱ԣҲ˵ֻҪַ粻ռ룬ûʥǿǰĻռͻһֱڣ
Ҳ൱һֵĿռ꣬ѾַӲĴ۸ˣ
ַҲֻǸոҲֻܰѵڸȻĻȫԽɼɽ뿪ĵǸ޷ӳö֮ʳԴҲͶУòôˡ
ӭԼַǿž˵һ䣺ǸѾûˣ˭ҲҪңҪȥ˯
û뵽ַһһ仰ʱЩһ£󣬴ȷӦ˹æѾ߳εַ׷ȥˣϣղŵʱ򣬵зѾŶˣ˵ҹڵǵĶġɭ֡Խҩȡ˵ɡ
ţ֪ˡַ粻ͷİ˰֣Ҫȥ˯˭ҲҪңϻû˯ѵĻԼԭƻоˡ
ǡٿַ¶ôһͷģ˿̼Ҳٶ˵ʲôæӦһ
ʱҲѾӦ˹Ͻ׷˵ĽŲ˹ӻȡһ۵ֽţæݵַǰˣѾǸҺ͸Ƕͳ¶˻ˣҪҪһ£
˹仰ַʱͣס˽Ųһѽӹֽ󣬾ͿٵĽ򿪡
ʵ˵˹ĻȷֽϾֻһ˵Ф񣬵ַͷ͵£ֻǿһۣϳˣ̲סһȻˣ


ʮ ̥
ַԭǸ䷿ܳ˹Ѹһʵķ䡣һ˯ļΪ̹ʱѾǵڶˡ
һһҹϢҲַľָѵ״̬𴲺ϴһַȥһԵģһ£ҵ˷˹
˿̣ڣκ֮⣬յԭһá
ˣҸǶͳѾ׼Ĳˡ˹һ۸Ƕͳ죬ȻŽĿͶַ磺Ļڽ֮󣬾ܿʼˡ
ҵλˡַվŷ˹͸Ƕͳ΢΢һȻѾĵ̣Ͼûн꣬ŻȻڹ£Ҳǰַһ⡣
˹͸ǶͳѾָ˲٣˼ַ糯ԼϹæվֻһ
󣬷ɨһȦվַˣǧѾװϣʱ
ַ䣬ֻǵ˵ͷְĿ˿ͶϣͶ⣬æվˣ˹ɸ֣ѾʼŵѵˣŵʱҺһ˳ʶȳġ
Щʶͨˣֶ˼ɭԷӦòᰲź֣ܶȽξȥɭ氲ţȰѵȫֵʱòҪκҲҪ߶Էκһˡ
ַ΢΢˼һ£˵룬ٸӦǲ⣬ɭԷĿԱǵƿطΧһҪǿ󷽻㱨𣿡
ףˡͶֱͦ塣
ַӦһȻֲĵ˵һ䣺Ȼ˵ΣտȥСҲҪκҲҶ϶ԷǲİЩʵ˸ءڻսʿˮ׼һҪʲô͸ڻǧܴ⡣
ǵģˡͶٴӦһַĿԼŲŻȥ
³Һ֪׼ôˣַ羲Ŀ³΢΢һһ˵仰˵ĿҲ³ϣע˵˴νŻص㣬ȫˡ
³ȻжĳƺţϾûм棬ʱ˵Ŀⶼ۽ԼϣһЩţ΢һ£ʵ
شˣҪöԷʹġҺ㹻Ѿ˺ܶ˰һתΪĩ״̬ˣԤӦȫתɣֻǡ
˵³ϸһ˿ΪѣǼ˵ֻǣһתɷĩ״̬һҪһЩʱЧԤơҪһʱ䡣
³ɣһ죬һʱ䣬ϣɹַصĿ³ɹ֮ǾͿʼ
ǣˣ㹻ˣ㹻ˡ³֪ĩҪԣַԼʱ䣬æϽӦ
ַ˵ͷȻɨһȦûʵĻǸλͿʼȥ׼ɡ
ַ˶Ѿʼ׼λʱ򣬴ȴ˵һ䣺ˣɼɽߡֿǲ
һ˵⻰վ˲ȥԥһ£Ǹʹ
ˣļƻǧ·ֱڶߵǲЩˣҾãǴӵɼɽĶŻӴܣҲӦòֱӴȥɣ
ȥɼɽ̽һµΣΪɼɽȻվΪԶԵʣŻǳˣܴҲѡԽɼɽӴܡǲӦðѶȥǱֻһǧ¸Ͳ
յۣⷬҲ΢΢˵ͷ
šȻǴӶɼɽĶԼ򵥣ųԷֱӳȥĿܡɣһ棬ֻİӦþ㹻ˡ
ַһ˼һ߳ŷ˵֪Ҳ㡣
˵ַͻȻһ˿ȣٸӢûóأ룬ټˣӦþ㹻ˣ

ǳۡҽٵķ䡣
ҵѣ췢һˡַ翴ǰľ٣һǸ̯˫֣ǱǸұסˣºڵֵ׸ˡ
ˣȥҲʲôҿѣĺǣҲ֪ǻҽֻӱָһΪѵģʼ磬̾һԣܱǸ
ǸĻͲö˵ˣҶ⡣ҵʱ䣬ҾѾܸлˡַЦ˵仰ӿռָȡһǮ˾ٵЦ޺һңǱҸ˵һǸ⡣
ʵ̫ˣЩСĿҾѾܸлˣôǮءһΣûͰǮƻַ硣
ַ֪ǮԼٰʲôĻͲþܾˣﲻɵðһϺ꣬ϲûбֳһЦݣҵѣʵİ㵱ѿѵѵһⶼҪܾ𣿡
ˣ˸߹ݰС￴ѣҾѾǸˣĻҲءַת䣬ԭȵľҲĳˡ㡱ﲻɵЩûף˵æһ䣺ֻǣǮĲҪʲôԸһΪЧ͡
һ䣬ַһԭΪһжͣû뵽ֻǱԼһţ¶һ߿ȴһߵˮҲеô
ҵѣҵѣáԸأַװЩģȴָֻ˾ƣһ𣬼˵ҵȷһ֮룬ϣ԰ҡ
˵ٵɫʱЩ̫ÿ˵µģʱҲûʲôܾأˣһСûڴӦַ˵
ַҲ֪ʱûҪٲˣֱӲҵѣҲ֪ڼȱ֣ǰз˹æѾ׼ˣֻǣһȱһ𵽡塯õ
仰˵ĺɣûֱ˵þٰԼ޵˵ˡá
Ȼһ⻰ʱЩˣָǣ
һ仰ַǷ˴ģһ䣺㲻ʣһʣҲ͸ûзڵˡ
򵥵˵һ¹ļƻԼ˼ԣɼɽȱһ֣ҪŶԷѡ·˵ļʺСǣҲòһҵ顣
ˣ˵ٵɫЩΪѣҴҽɼɽķ𣿡
ַ翴ɫæǲϣ¿԰վһվڡϾǿɶǻҽѾƵĵӴܵʱǣ»Ϊ٣е֮£ȻͷӴܣʱ򣬸ò³֣˹ҵˣȫԽһ򾡣
һλֱ˵˾ٵǻҽһֱӵκβ֮ϵԽУһַô˵ʱЩƮƮȻټַô߹ȴ˵ôϿңԼҲ֪˶ԷļƻҲ㲻ˣԾֱˬû⣬ˣСҲǻȥһģ
һ䣬ַȫģٴץǮ˾ٵôҵѣͲҪˣǮǸµˡ
лˣһȥ֮һѹ˵ĹʵµġһҲپܾˣսԼĻ
漴ֻϺ໥˸һۣ̥ͬʱˬЦ


ʮ ȸں
ҹʣ¹׺ҹǿһ޾˵ɫ
ҹµĵǶïܵɭԵñȰոΪأɭΧһƬյϣһǵķżһۣȻ΢΢ŤһӣС˵ι¡ӦõԼʱ˰ɣ
Ӧòˡ˵Ǹƿȥȵӣ̧ͷһɫһ˻Ĵ߸ߵ֦һĵĻ˫ȣһһƲĳһǰˣĵĵŰɣһģҪˡ
µ仰˵ͷֳŵǵķżȥ뵽ʲôͻȻһתЩĵС¡㡭˵ǻ᲻ܶ
Ӱϵ¡ͣĶ̲סЩ̵ǰ̶ӵʱûôС
ޣһӰм˿ĭͷϵ¡һȻӣֱ׳ζԷѩħǹܲ
ѩħǹôˣҪûнҩ·һ¡ݺݰ˼Ӱһۣ˰֣ңԶŶٸأʲô
һǶٸ︺ЩũġʹԷҲܱ¶Ӱ̲סһ죬ּһ䣺ң֮⣬һپʮŸֲԼˡ
ϵ¡ʱְһۣӰӰҪеʲô¶ĻʣһپʮŸһﲻ¶棬ǻôңͷɾͷϣͷڣ㻹ô
һ仰µļӰʱ͸оǳеǳһŶһص˵ͷ˵ʲôʱȴͻȻ¡Ϸһ̴ٵĻ죬Էˣ¡
һ⻰µļӰʱһݣæתȥֱͦ壬Ҳƣŵ¡ʱһϰɫһͶ˴ϡ
ӵǵķͿʲô쳣
Ӱضŵǵķ򣬺ݺݵһĭվڵҰޣϵ˿Զ˿ŵĶǰ˫ȭѾҲסŶԷǧҪ̫ˡ
ʱһһȥӰĽҲﵽ˼ޣĺԽԽٵʱǰԶ¹⿴˶ԷˣҲڿһ̣Ľһ¾ʧһ룡
Ϊ߹ģֻˣƾڲ˵Ϥһ۾ȷǰǸһǲˣ
ŶԷ߽ӰҲڿ˶Է˵ĳ࣬Ҳͬ²һǰĵȷǲˣֻ˵ĲƺЩ¹⣬Ҳܿ˵һ΢΢ƺ˲ĥ
ڲˣòȴǼΪӢߵĲϺһֻץŲ˲ӵӰȷһǸ֣㲻Ǹ֣ҲһżΪḻսļһ
Ѿ߽ԼҰΧӰӻͳһСƿӣֱ̧ҡһ£󺰵ʲôˣҩϣֻҪòϴߵߣҾͰѽҩӸ㣬û
Խ˹ֱץŲ˵Ĳӣͣһ԰ȫľ£Ŀ΢΢˸
ҽмӰǸ˹ģǲϴſӰ˾ŵֻ֣һĵĿˡ
һ΢΢һӰҵɵϿʮңȻҾͰŹȥҲͬʱѽҩӹ
ϻͰ˵İ죬ȻǵĹ˾͵ɣӰ˫ֱۣԴһɪĿŷա
նʱɫһһִֻӲ˵ǰסĲӣԵǹҾȰɱ
˵ţջתһ˫ģҲϡȫ˫ֿڷյϣװһΪʹ顣
ӰһϵĶһݣʹģʱʹ󺰵ˣͰ˵㺰ɣ
ߣɿǰֻ֣ŵעŶļӰУһ
Ӱһ

Ӱڳӳҩƿơ

£նʱɿʣµֻ֣ӰҲͶСƿһʹĿţһ߳Ӱ˹ȥ
ͬʱԷٳȥ
һԾץסڰеСƿӰһۣȫٳǵķȥգ֮䣬ʧԭء
Ӱӭס֮󣬿ʧԼڵķգɵòм˵һ䣺С
ס˵˫ۣĵʵϴû°ɣ
ȿȡ˴ڵشȻ΢΢ҡҡͷӰû¡Ӱٴμʵ̫ˣ
ҲǣӰЩɸ˵䣬˫üŲϴ
ߣһ͵ʱͻȻӰԶӰʶżӰȥﻹŵСģ
˵һ䣬ڿ˵ĳʱŵɫʱͻΪϲãǿƲסļ伤һ˹ȥϲĺ¡磬Ҳˣ
ˣݡǼܴܺĲ״Ｄĺһ㳯Ų˹ȥһӵֵܣ⸱ȵģ»ñΪ
¡￴ֵžۣƵ˹ȥӰȥһ񣬾ڱ˵ʲôɡӰظһۡ
һֵܲű˴ɿԷ״￴ɫʱһࣺѩħǹˣ
Ӱ¡һ⻰ҲæĵĿŲˡ
ٺ٣ѩħǹǳˣС۸Ͳʲôʲôû˵ԳЦЦͻȻʲôɫ˲䣬һץס״˫ۣ磬ҸղӰ˵ջĽҩҽģѵĸһˣ
״ﻹû˵һԵļӰʱЦ˼͵ûУİɣղƿҩǼٵģ
ٵģ˵ĿЩɻ
״˵ͷӰ˵Ĳûĸѣ취ƤǸһģĸʱ֪ҵ׵ܵܣǻвƣǻǿ߰ɣһѩħǹƿҩǼٵǿ¾ܲˣʣµ·ٸ˵
Ȼǲ̫׷ʲô˵ͷ
״ˣŤͷ¡ˣ¡Һûʲô⣬ҲȥɣЩһﶼӶĸˣʱ뿪ôãɱʲôӡ
İɣͷͻȥҲϽȥɡ¡˵ͷĵسӰһָȻתʧɭֵ
ӰûмʱġȥеƲ֣״ûע⵽ı飬ֻǿһۣ˵ˣӰҲ߰ɡ
˵ţԥıеĲˣϷȥ·صɼɽӰˣҲæ״׷ȥֻԻδﵽ˼ٶϣͱȲϲ״ҲΪ״ﱳһˣҲûȫ·Եʣ˼ľҲǺܴ
ֻǣȴûע⵽һ̣״ﱳϵĲˣ˫һ˿ɺ죡

ǷλõϿգԶԶȸ߸ߵľҪߵĿС
ַ罫ĿӵתƵԼϣĵʵС椣ҷôã۲۰
ѽСԴҡĸ˹Ƶãȴ˵Һѽ
ַЦһȻˣǾͻȥòã
ã˵ͷַ绳Сֳǵķһӡ
ȻַӱĿ֮£ƽȵٶǵķȥʧɭֵϿա



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ͬյҹһֽķ˲ͰƽɻͬʱҲע⵽ﲻϵľӣȫܸܵƺдҪˡ
ۡ
һӶӲŵæµţʱµֵ˻һжԵôæһȴҲɵĽš
־Խĵ£˹Ƕͳ졢˸ֶҹ罫˵۴죬ͳСĽ̸죬˵Ƕķ
˺ˣͻȻһָֻգ֮Դһ˿š
˹͸Ƕͳֹͣ˽̸æ˳ŴָķȥͿ߸ߵϣһӰֱֱۡһӰʱһݣ˹˿Ƕͳס˫ȭ
ſеӰԽԽڿǸϤףɵø񣬾š
Ŀ֮£ַƽ˳ۡĵϣųԼӭˣַһҲӭǰȥһߵͷС椣ڸо𣿡
һδ˷УһʼַЩţȻӣȻһҲɻȴһβʹκγգҪǣҲոաԦãַǵһղõĻ˴Ӹ߿׹䣬ЦɾͿˣ
ȻжַҲˤôߵĵطˤҲһۡ
ʵ˵ֱڵϵһ̣һֱŵĲǷ
ַѯʣҡҡСԴʾûиоκβֻǣһСϻд룬Ǹַ绳ģƺʱ˯ȥĿܡ
ַˣСԴټѯʣ̧ͷͿ˹ѾߵԼǰæǰʵ˹׼ôˣ
ˣļƻϡĲѾ׼ˣʣ¶ʱάճ򣬵֮³׼ϾͿװˡ˹˵֮󣬾ͿԵĸǶͳ졣
Ƕͳ⣬˷˹Ļ˵ˣϡĲѾյĿҪκκ֧Ԯȸ챱Ųӳ˹ͳĲҲԳˡ
ַ֪ڵϸ·ҪԼںϰĿֱ߷ϲ٣˵Ļ㱨֮󣬾͵˵ͷһ䣺ţûʲô
һ⻰Ƕͳ쿴˿˹ԥһ£˹˵ͷַֿ磬˵ȥˣǡλҽе㡭е㲻˵ǻϴ󲿶һж
һ˵ţǶͳҲһַ߳米Զ˹ȥЩΡ
ŶַŤ˳ŸǶͳĿԶԶȥͿԶյϣһӻҽԵüΪڣװõĲһƬĬҽĶʱĴһЩЦ
ַ粻ɵüͷתӣƲƲ죺ùǣڱԽˣôһС
ǣˣһˡǶͳЩΪѣǼ˵˳һ˿ɿ𣿡
û⣬ǱϾǱµˣҲֻǽһЩսǲģңһε飬һΪǵĽ߸ַۡ˵̲ס¶һ˿Ц⡣
һԵĴַı̲סһ£˹͸Ƕͳ໥˸һۣоһ˿⣬ﲻ̾Թԡǹʵ۱˵˶Ҷ
ַ翴˵ģоͲµ˲٣ûڴϼ˵ȥǳƬ̣˹Ҹղڿеʱ򣬿ܶƽ񶼺ֵܾĴԼҷ˹취İΪǵļƻһ񡣡
̸ַ£˹̲ס̾˿ˣͷİɣǰûа䲼ԽڵķӦȽϴһЩȽϡĲӳ֮һͻ죬ǶͳҲԴά
һڷӦҲץһЩʱؽΣ֮һнͲõʲôˡԸвӶ󣬳ɲҪʲô⡭
˵Щ˹̲ס̾һ˵죬ǾͻһճǣֻһҰ̨ãһʲôĻǸ޷ˡ
ַҲ֪µԣȻҲܵģΪЩ˵죬ҪЩ˵ģԣһ˹仰΢Цķ˹ļ
Ҽһ仰Сıˣ졯Ȼ·ѡǾⰲŰɣңκͿͶλӢҲʱǵĿϽѶҲСǻڵһʱϻάֳġ
˹˵ͷͲٶ˵ˣҲף˵Ҳ˵ʲôַֻ˵ˡ
ˡת˻⣺ͿͶǱȱľǼɭֵ鱨ˣδӸ߿ϹȥûзһЩмֵأ
šЩַͷ˼Ƭ̣Ȼ̧ͷȥȥϢһֱȥκͿͶһ
˵ţַͳŷ˹͸Ƕͳ˵ͷ㱧ŻѾ˯еת뿪ˡ
ĸȴûע⵽㽨ĺ棬ֻһ˯µİСĵԴŵţҹЩɪɪȴȻǸŲȥӰ˯ǸСλã¶ǿҵĿ

ǣһĽ
ҹ£һһӰٸȥ
磬Ѿƽ뿪ɭˣҷɣԼߡſڲ״ıϣ»ƴ·Ĳ״Щ̲ס˵һ䡣
״΢΢ҡҡͷܸоڵ廹û£ܳŵסǻûɽկ̸ϰȫ˭֪Ǹѩħǹ᲻Ѿ˽ҩǼٵģһǸҩļһѰټǾ鷳ˣ
ܸоǸ˵ʵѾﵽ˾żƾ¸ͲĶ֣ǻǾϻɽկɣˣ˸㣬˵ѾɽկˣѾɽկˣʱʵľ˵룬˾Ϊ˰ģҲװģ
磬ס˵˵ͷ˫ɺһǸˣ᲻ỹ
״ֹһЦ϶ᣬȻҲ֪˵ʵݵʲôѾܲˣǸѩħǹǣҪˣ»¶ݡ
˵״ͻȻٺһЦ˵ʵ⼸ҸĸһѾȷ˵ˣϾҪԸѩħǹҲһˣǶ´˿϶ĳ塭ⲻǵ£ֻŵʱǮˡ
ص˵ͷû˵ʲô̧ͷĵɼɽ˫֮еɺٶһ
ͷĿԼǸһöָָϡ


ʮ ƿֽ
ַʱԶԶͿѾصۡķбԼ˵̸ʲôﻹżӰӸǸСƿæӿŲȥ
ע⵽߹ַ磬ʱַӭȥһ󣬾ͰСƿݸַ磺ˣǵзӰļٵĽҩ
ɵĲҶѾˡַ˷һ䣬СƿӹͬʱĴҲѾΧĿַСƿӡ
һͨСƿȥָдֲڣַֻǿ۾ͻζ£оƺһַĩ״ĶֱӰƿ򿪣һֻ΢΢һ㡣
˺Ŀַɫķĩ̲סһ䣺һʲôʣ
ջĽҩս˴Ļ
ַûˣʢŷĩַֻڱǼһţʱüͷ˵ߣ󣬱ЩɫĩָȥڿƮɢ
ˣ⵽һЩʲôһһֿڿлӷĶҩ˹ɫЩѿ̲ס˵һ䡣
һ⻰ɫ˲Ҳɵʶͬʱһ
ַ翴һ˵ģ΢΢ҡҡͷģЩֻͨĻߣЩһҲǺִܴһθ¶Ļᡣ
Щ㵣˿ˣ΢΢һ
Դȥ³ооַ˵䣬ϵƿϣ׼Ӹڸϵһ˲䣬¹⣬ƺƿڿһֵĶ̲ססһ
ַ仰һݣϽͣȴַ硰סϽִǰȥȻҲɻһͬǰȥٴλصԭλϡ
ַϸĿ˿СƿڣԭĻƿһأҲٵһأһƾֽƷ¶˳
ƿ̫խַûȥɴֱӰĻȫ˳ŰСֽҲ˳
һʱʱַѾСƿƿһߣСֽ
Сֽ󣬵ȴǲ٣ȻһЩ¹⣬Ǻ׿ֻּдţ
ѩħǹǱǸΪƭƿĲջĽҩֻɽͨĻԸڿֽʱûаѻԵȻĽҩǴˣĻ֮ϣܴһǧң˴ɭ
ҲҪħֻҪңϼɭȻ˽֣ǧҪͼκαȻĻԶҲĽҩҺ֪㣬ûнٴθ¶ԣԲҪκκ֮ǡ
ݣһǧҿ϶һöġ
ֽȻûּ֮ǰǷһһ
ַ翴֮󣬾ֵݸԵķգǴſɣζԷҪ׵ĵصѾķƹתɭˣңһҪֽ𡣡
˵䣬۹װĲӣصȴ˿ꡣ
տ֮󣬾ӸߵĴȻַ˵ˣԷڳķƹݵѾˣЩһֱ˼ķƹݣûзʲôɵ뿪
ķƹݱûʲôɵĵطɣԭ˵ƹףſҶԲ˵˵ǿӲ̬ȣʱıɡַ̾˿Ҳر϶
ݸߵķ˹ˣΪ˰ȫҾӦЩ˰аķƹݷȻշ˹֮Ϳȫˡ
ţǱӦûмӵ˰ɣȻһЩ˹ȥɡַ˵ͷͬ˴顣
ʱ˹ҲѾֽݸ˸Ƕͳ죬ǣûп֮ǰǷż̸⣬ʱ˵һ䣺ȻǰȥķƹݣˣԷ϶о綾ӦòйҪҪھͿʼɱ
ַ䣬΢΢˼һ£Ȼ˿ɫ˵šñŵ߰ɣסһ·Сĵ㣬ʱԷߡڸо˻ûлصɼɽɣһСʱ֮һ
ǣȥ׼һݣַ֪ҲǸԼһСʱϢʱ䣬˵䣬ַͷ֮󣬾תȥ
ǶͳҲѾֽ̧꣬ͷ˵ˣھȥˡ
ˡַϵ˵һ䣬ǶͳҲת뿪󣬱ʣ˵˹ʱ䲻ˣòõҲˣҲȥϢɡ
˹û˵ʲôַһ֮Ҳתȥ֮ǰ˵һ䣺ˣͿͶӦûûϢ
ţ֪ˣȻҾ͹ȥȥϢɡַͷ
ˣ΢΢˿Ҳת뿪ˡ
˿ַ̣ŤͷϷȥĿ䣬һ΢ɺ졣
ͷԼ֣ԭϵռָѾֻʣ


ʮ 
ҹɼɽɽկĳС
˼Ϊİ֮⣬˿һ߸ˡ
ƲȥλŻ죬ʣµһȻǲ״Ĳˣһˣȴȫں֮УԴҲһɫԴȫֻ¶һ˫۾
ʱλŻվһԣ򾲾ĸֹ۲ǰĲˡ
Ҳͬȫںеˣʵ˵ЩţΪ֪ǰˣԼĸеġˡ
һμλˣȻȥҲܶλ˵ģȴ̲סЩʧ
Ȼô룬˻ǲױϣһ㣬֪֮ġ
ˣ˵ͬһ䣺Ҫ֪ľΪ²ʼ
һ⻰ʶľ״￴һۣͿ״ضԼλҲԼףڳ˳Լĸ֮⣬˹ĵĲԼΪ²ԼԷ˶١
ǣԼǰʼˣһʼѩħǹ˹ȥ֮󣬾ѾԼһˮ˫˫ŶңҾķ֣Ҹ޷㶷
˵ص㡣ϣ˲ûʲôֵģʮַﵽЧ
ǡæӦһȴݺһ䣬΢һ£˵ǰڱˮһ죬м˰ҴˮȻøַұƹǣףһ¶Ļƻ˴˵ļƻҲ군ԣȻô̱ƹҲû¶κһʵ顣
˵䣬΢΢λһۣһ̶һ
̵Ķʲôˣһοڣɱ䡣
˽Ŀתص˵ϣηĶ˫ۣˣҲȷԷʲôˣΪǴĶǴе۹ƵףҲ֪·׶ģ˭ԴϣԣҲȷЩ˵ѩħǹ
ô˵û¶Լѩħǹûм𣿡
˸о˴ԼһƥѹɵôһȻÿ϶Ǽҵġ
£ڳ˲Щݣ˵۽Ƕ΢΢˼£ϸҡ
ǡû˿ԥֱӵҵʱڽϣŶںѾ賿ˣӦϡ
ܺã˵˵˵ͷ
Ǻ֣Ȼܷɫܲÿһʼʲôûңһֱ˫־ؿң˵Ҿװûп
˵Եúɻ󣬻ʼ磺̲סڣ̬ȴ侲ֻǼ򵥵ҵݺ֣ҵΪʲôҪһУҵȻʲôûлشȻȻô뿪ˡ
˳Ĭš
ٺ̯˫֣ѩħǹٴңȻĵĴһƿҩۣ˵ˮ̫µƤˮȻˣûĹ򣬾һ˽һֱҴ˳ȥ˼ɭֺǽС˹ȻҾ͸״ˡ
һ˵ţһߴӻȡһƿӵݸˣƿһֱء
˽ӹƿӣƿյǼһ£ͰСƿĿŲˣƺϷһЩʲô˺һûв˿֮תλ죺
ҲҪԤǵжò˵ʵ̫ðˣңƲҲ޴ңҾȥüٵĽҩգҺãѩħǹҩУνҳɹ
λɫ࣬״۵΢΢һ˿
ǧҪΪ飬Ͷѩħǹκӣ˽⣬һܲöԸļһ
Դ˵ţʱ䣬ǳɹõѩħǹĽ֮ǰһֱɽկȻҲԤǵκжҲϣǽÿһҪأǧҪһˡ
ȻȻдڣǾ൱ĹǣȻһô嶯ˡǱõƤһЦ˵䣬̲סλ죺룬λӦöһɣ
˵Ĳʱλæһ䣬״ԥһ£Ҳͬͷ͵ǵġ
ؿһۣת˲һȻʲôûм˵ֱתˡ
һ߳ȥڵ˲һӶһһƨϣյԼĴȣЩھȻеڽⵥˣ
ڣƤƤЦⲻЦڽⵥ⻹ûʲôҪ㲻ӵĻѾˣ
Ӷ֪صĴǵĳͳ춼ܶҪԼҪŪԼȻ練ƣֻǣ̲סԹһ䣺ȥģҶԹģⵥҾʹµĵ뿪ĵطʡðȥһ飡
⻰˶ʱü֪Ӷڱ˵Լ£ֻǲڷʱһĲ״һмһ֫ͷԼ򵥵ļһ˵Զ֮ԲͬΪӵԶ޷ĸ顣
£Ӷ֮⣬˶Щ̿ӶȻٱҲ֪״ķԼһӣŭ쵰״㣬֮ҵһҪʰľ㣡
ŭģûʶ仰Уһ˲λɫЩѿ״ֻһʱ㣡
ƤؼӶһҪļƣӦæȰ˵˺ˣԺᷢʲô٣ڱҪŽһ𣬲ô
⻰Ӷ޷޲ƽһû˵״ƺ˵ʲôʱȴһЩŵͷͷˣ
Ӷͱһӻһʱͱ׳溰쵰ʲôú˵㿴ʲôӣ
ǡⰣһƿźһλ춼ڳƺһ
ʲôϽ˵ӶһûϢģ̲סûĺ˾䡣
ŷӦɫһ䣬΢һ£˵γˣղžյϢǵڿټ٣ܶ࿿ǵڶϵˣ


ʮ ˹
ʲôпټ٣ӶЩһ䡣
ϽǶˣǶˣ
ѵѩħǹɱ𣡡Ӷ̲סһ´ȣǲѾ֪ǵĲ֮ˣ
һ⻰ʱ״Ͳ˶һۣҪڽͣһԵƤͻȻһתæ˵ӶҿѩħǹӦû֪ǵĲ֮ȻĻ϶Ͳɱôˡ
ʲô˼ӶûͷûԵһ䣬ңֹҲЩɻĿƤء
ƤƺǺĿ⣬зȵ΢΢һЦ˵λ룬ѩħǹ϶ҲƿҩǼٵģƿֽʱʲôӦأ
״ƤصеЩᷳҲ˾ͷƤ˵Դģ˵һ䣺ȻǷŭˡ
Ҳĵ˵ͷ
ƤڶУ״Ͷȥһ͵Ŀ⣬ּ˵Ȼܷŭôڷŭ֮£˳ȥɱһЩǵߣҲͺˣңҾҲҪͨɱߵַʽһ·ѰǵĲ֮ǣ֪ǵĲ֮ҲòȥջͲô
еӶһһߵͷϸĻζƤص̧ⷬͷʵ֮ǾͲȥˣ
ȻƤЦĺܿģɱһЩййеķŭǽжѷŭһҪǡ
ҿСһֱĬĲͻȻƤصĻƤصɫʱЩ죬ǿзŭŤͷȥˣŶֵӪȻǱҪ˽飬֪ʲô߼أ
һ˿ڣĿϣ״üͶȥһɻĿ⣬ʱ˲ʲô졣
óƤػеķ̣ûںҲû᲼״Ŀ⣬ɫڵҾþԲѩħǹǵĲ֮һˣΪϵջʱǶ֣ǣ룬ҵõҩ֮أûκι˼ɣ֪ǲĵطʱ򡭡
ҲɵӣȻ˲ûм˵ȥһҲ˹״ﻹæһ䣺ѩħǹԲ˵ǿӲ̬õҩ֮һưոݣ֮Ƥֽڸ׵ص㣬Ҳǳպǳ˿ǡ
ֵôһ˵ڵ˰󶼲ĵ˵ͷӶ˵ģ԰ȥЩȫٻһȫǻصɽկԲöԷǲĵط
һ£ŲŷӦǣͷԸȥ
˵ţæתȥˡ
ӶƺЩĸ꣬ȥ󣬱һվͷ˵ˣ͵ΪֹɣˣҲȥ˯ɣ
һ˵ţһߴŹǷһĴȥ˼˵ϣҲ޷˵ʲô໥˸һۣʱҲȥ
״ﰵгŲ˵˵ͷظһ΢Ц߳Ӷķ֮ǰŤͷһѾڴϵӶ˫ɺһ
ǳۡС
ҹΪ¹⣬ôԵòôڰ˹վڴõǽߣ͸͸ǽ壬ĵɼɽȥһд˳ݡ
˹൱ڴ󲡳廹ĺܣʱ䲻ȥϢԲͻȻһ
˹һæתȿ˵Ӱʱһݣæһ񣬵ˡ
ȥϢɣ⼸ɶҪˡַĵؿһۣһֱΪһеĸ
ˣллĹġ˹΢΢ַһȴͻȻ̾һת͸͸ǽԶںҹĳǽȥʵ޷߰쿪ʼҪ䲼ȥˣһ뵽ڱʧصӣҾرġ
ûκôġַ簲οһ䣬ȴأҡͷԳٰ֪οҲ𲻵κã˭УȴͲͬˡ
ǰ˹̾ϢһĵɨǣˣҸһƽԣ룬ǻᵽƽǼ
ַĬĬ˵ͷûг
Ȼ۹ģҲܸģĵȴǴ󲿷ֹԱԼˣƽ˵ǵֻʳǣһҲԼŮϣŮѧԺһܳͷء
˹Ȼһٷ֮ʮŵĸĸûʵԸҵĸĸȴ˳Ϊеİٷ֮һ
֪ҳΪǳһ죬ҾͰзģһҵΪ½Ҹ񣬲ÿյ£ǵֲʳᱻ˵ԵͼչǵĻᱻӡ
ЩһֱŬȴΪܱ߸ӵĵΣڽϣһֱûȡöôĳɹ


ʮ ֮ҹ
Ѿĺܺˣҿ˺ܶϣλõЩ٣ŻѾٸƽˡַ֮ʡ
ɷ˹ȴǿЦⲢŬչʳ۸ĵߣΪһ·ҪֹһŻｻɹ·ѣټ˰Լ½ʳƽ۸񣬻޷õǵϵҸ
˵˹̲ס̾˿֮ƽǾʱһȵˣȻҲ֪µĵŻ룬һƽʱˡҵһ̵˰뱲ӣҲܵΪ֮޷еļҹעߡ
һַ̣Щ壬ȴԵرΰĬ˺һĵ˵һ䣺˹һλù٣ҶĹ۵ͬһȴ˵ˡ
һ㣿˹һ˴ͽ̡
ͽ̸ϣֻ˵һƽʱﲢͬ
ַ翴һ£ŷ˹΢ЦҲ֪Żﻹ𣬵ȻˣҾͲֶԵһᾡȫǶɱҡԣ٣ҵߵͷ֮ǰһҵһֱڰȵ
ַ仰˹ԭͼиǷӿַ磬΢΢˰죬³һ仰ˣһλΰ
ΰôŶҪʱȥӡ֤ġַʼ磬ȻֽĿƵ棬ҹɫԳңҲΪжôΰ㲻֪ǰʱһһж֪˽ëͷСӡ
˭һɳḶ́ңô̵ʱô޴ɱ䣬ĸ֡
˹˵䣬ʶԼݣǲ˵ֻģɫʱԵЩѿַƺûʲôʱɫźһЩ
ַĿ⣬˹΢΢һһǾʵˣ֮ǰҿĺܶϣʵ˵еԴҲûзʲôмֵݣǸ֮ǰһΪֻһܺõˡ
أַ粢ûعͷŷ˹΢Ц˵ʲô
ҡĺܺ桭˹һԵЩæңܺ桭׶ʲôֻ˵ʲôôı仯Ǹҡ޷룬Ϊ޷һ˻
˵󣬷˹ַ˫дŨصɻͿ
Ŷַû뵽˹⣬΢΢һ£һֻظ˷˹һ΢Цһ죬֪ġ

ɼɽɽկУ״ķ䡣
˵ǲ״һΪһҹճ̶ԶԶȲգڱŲ˴Ӽɭһ·ͣӻɽկУȴһֱŵġ
ֱصɽկŸоԼص˶ֻǣڣȴЩΪѩħǹѹʵ̫ˣ
ʵƤ˵ԼٵĽҩȡʱ򣬲״Ͳмһˣõĵ۹󹫣ᱻֲֶƭ
ֻǣڵʱһʱ벻İ취ӶΨһòò״ﱧűѡĽͬ취
û뵽ǣ˵Щ޴ֶξȻĳɹˣһô˳;һⶼûз
Ȼ˱˳ľ˻״ȴܸоûô򵥣
Ҳڻ޷˳˯ԭ
Ŭ˵ԼԼû£ȥʲôڴϷȥĿţȴ޷ˣһŲĪ궯
ЩշתߣһΣ״Ҳᵽշתߵʹζһ˲䣬̲סһԳ
Ȼ״Լķıƿˣжʱһæ𣬴ͷһλεĳȵ˭
꣬磬ҡ˵һŵ
һǲ˵״ʱһæ³´ӭȥ˵ˣô˻˯ʲô飿
˲ûڻش𣬶СĵſϾ˺һоûκ쳣춯ŤӣѾȵЩͷĲ״Сɫ磬㣬һЩҪҪ㡣
֣ص״ͻȻĪһ


ʮ ʼı
ʲô飿һ仰״ﾡƽȵ˵ɲǳĵĽš
ǲûһûش״Ȱ˴£һŲ״֣ص磬Һ֪ڶ鵽ôģ
ʲô£״һװû˵˼
˿ЩĿ⣬ͻȻ˫ץס˲״ļСȴϣ磬ҵ˼
ˡ״ͻȻһٶ˵Ŀ⣬֣ͬصĻصװĵܵܣƽ룬Ӧȥ˯һЩȫ
磡˵ıһࣺҾôһ磡
ðɡ״̾˿㵽ʲôң
״Ҳһһ˼·˵磬ң㵽ôģ
һΣ״ûٶܣһεҡҡͷˣ˽ң֪Ҳ״ȻǵͷӣҴǳûٵˣʵ˵ҵȷǮջͷԣǣҺԽԽڣΪԷǵλѩħǹΪҲ¶ıֶΣ
磬Զվһߣ˵ᶨȻˣǾͲ
˵û˵ȥǸ״ʹһɫ
״ͬҲ˽˵ˣһɫ˼üͷˣ˵ˣİٸǾܣҴӦǣһ죬һǹϺӣ
ȻԽЩеܺڣһ뵽պǶܹϺӣҾ͸о㲻ʲôˣڸ㵽ǮҾʹеĵ뿪֣ǮһһЩ⡣
磬ˣҲ˼æżһ䡣
״üʲô˼
磬ҡһȻ֪ôӺ˵𣺡һ˼·
״ص˵ͷ
Χָֻ֮С
˺һ̾Ϣһ磬֪𣿽쵱λ˵棬Һܶ໰û˵
˵ʲô״￩һ
磬һʤ㶼ûУеһжѩħǹļƻ̾ϢҡͷԳѵľüٽҩֵͼѩħǹϵ𣿡
˼ǡ״ɴ۾յǰѩħǹǽƾͼƣ
ǵģ磬˵òƽŲ״۾˵ң˹͸ǶͳûҲ֪λ˵ʲôҲ֪ȥӵǱЩũʱΪʲôûоӳۿ˻վǰ
һλνǶԲ״Ĵ쳣޴ɵõԲ˫ۣŵı顣
Ӧʱ򣬲ȴֶһذըؼǣѩħǹûջ綾ۿ˫ϸûۺɫϸߣеһжƿطΧ
˵Щ˾ûټ˵ȥˣŲ״һЩָʱ䡣
״ؿڼٵβסеķӿȻһץס˵죬鸴ӵˣΪʲô˵ǻŴ˵˵ҲһԲ߰
˵״һݣɿ˾Ҫ´ȥУھ͸ϽȥϢǡ
磡ȥһץס˲״½ǣѵ㵽ڻû𣿡
ʲô״عͷȥҪٲȥߴˣǿ¾Ͷ군ˣȻѩħǹƾͼƣǾ˵϶֪ǵĲ֮˵Ѿʼֲˣٲôһ취˾ͶҪˣ
磬˵ѩħǹѾʼˣҪ˶ѣңΪǸ֪֮һ취𣿿µһҪܵľΪܱ¶ݣ
ԵüΪżЩֻӣ
״ԭͲʲôɵӣֻէһ˵ϢӦһ˵⻰ʱЩȻһƨ˴ϣ˫ֱԴЩ
˲Ŀ״һĺ󱳣磬һʱҲǮͷԣֱڵǳۡηѹڱˮﾲ˼˺ܾãҲףһдһʼһı
һʼı״ŤͷˣĿЩãȻ
ǰ˵˵ͷѩħǹǴ壬ܶԸҲֻд塭һڿǸ˵ĵһҾ֪Ϊʲôȫ¶ںڲֻ¶һ˫۾ˣǹӹɣ룬ұ¶ݾ˵ǲԸѩħǹͻġ
˵˴˿ԣҵǣȥԸﻹûжʵѩħǹһǲ˺ڹһÿ»ȫûȴûʲôʧʧٸˣ
ңΪ˳һǧ򣬺̶ܴȻˮƯ
磬룬ֻЩӺ͵ƣթѩħǹʧܣҲóһǧˣһ¶϶żƲϵӶѩħǹǡ
ʱĹͬ£ǻʲô·
թɹõĵ۹ѩħǹζһڵõҩ֮ǿѹǣʱһ赶ɱˣóһǧңõѩħǹһǧңʲôɲȥôأ
Ųһƪۣ״ﳹסˣ૵ڡֻ͡ʣ·һˡ
ץ׼ؼʱ̣ҡҡͷŲ״˼룺硭˵˵ɣ˵һĽҳɹѩħǹõǮҲõǮ
ô뷨İٸ־Ҫ뿪֣ɾԺǸд̣ǵĵȻǺܹܿϺӣȴҪںڰù⣬ûһϷݣҪĸѲ飬ԶҲ޷̧ͷ
״ĿЩʧ
ץס˵Ҽǵô˵ǵԵľഺܸһӣȴҪʱͻϵʱ
ô죿ǻܻͷôǴһʼûκ·ˣ״ϲˣΣҲᡣ
磬һǰ˼ᶨҡҡͷ󣬾ͻȻ˲״ĶߣС˵һλ󣬱̧Լַڲ״ǰһָָֻֻϵĽָ
ѩħǹ˽ҵĿռָ磬ӦҰɣǱѡ񣬴ӦңҲΪİٸֵıһɿĿɽͺϣ
˵֮󣬲˾Ͳٶ˵Ų״ȴĻش
״￴˿ϵĿռָ̧ͷˣнָ˽ࣺˣ˵ĶԣҴӦ㡣ǡҾܾѩħǹԸĸŻ޷ôɵ顣࣬ʱһҵĵԹۣҵߡ
˾Ų״û˵ʲôص˵ͷ

ǣۡС
ַͷ㽨棬Ƕͳվһȡǰһʿ˵ǰϢջĿ⣬۳ĵɼɽȥĿ΢΢ζ˵һ䣺״ģᶯֵġ



ʮһ Կеľ
峿һֵأλ߽紦ĵǣѾ˾޴Ŀֻš
ľ񾭹һľֺ׼ǣȴķĸĳȫʵĹˡ
˻ûи׷ʲôʱĸŵسʿͬʱ˳ķϢһذըһ㣬Ǳը
ʱΪͻȻĽľ񸹷̲ѣҲûп̫࣬Ϊ䲼һߣԺÿҲ޷ҹ·ֻΪǵľù׳һݹס
ǣȴû뵽һҹշת֮󣬵ȴǷǵĽ
һʱ䣬Ļ̻̣޲²⵽ʲô⣬·ǵ̶ҲǽЩ̶ӻҪ¸سǵʿ̽һµ׷ʲô顣
ǵʿһףҪ¸ʿ̶ӣһȫһŸ
ֻԼٶӿʱ򣬵ǳ˹Ѫ˿˫ۣվڳǽϣ԰ҵģͬʱҲ޵ıʾΪĳЩΪеԭȲѲǣֻ죬֮󣬵Ǿͻָյ
˳Ա֤ǿֻŵԺһЩֽػָƽ֮Уƽȴֻ˶̶Сʱʱ䣬һֻֿ֮ٴ
ڷ˹û˵ǵԭòﷸֹڵǵͨ˵ʱ䣬Ҳûʲô˵ģȫڳɹܳҲûжӰ죬ʱҲ͹ȥˡ
ǣЩפڵе̶ӣȴһĴǸϵľʱ䣬ʱ˵ĽǮһҪ죬פ̶ӣʼ궯
ΪͬĵģϵǵسʿӲԣú̶ܶڶ̶̵ʱڶۼһܿٳǵİ취ǣΪܾǣһİ취
ܿ죬˿ʼڳɢҥԣ˵ʲôһֻħרģΪ˰ħŲѷѰ
ֻߣһаơ
֮ЩҥȫڵģΪľھĿֻţңһȲ֮¾ֻܶڴ򿪳ŷ˳ȥפڳڵ̶Ҳ˳ǵĻᡣ
δ֪ʱﲻĪĿ־壬ҲΪֿ־壬Ӷ׵ȥһЩ޸ݣ߼ҥԣԡ
ضĻ£һСŶһ޴ı仯
ԣܿ죬Ǿͳһɾ֮УĿֲĴʹ£ͼԸַʽӳǣسʿһǿ޴£ɻкܶҪǽߣ֮£سʿֻܰͼ˸ץҪԴˡ
˹֪ЩҥԸЩҪǵ̶ӰѲϵǣ̵ʱڣץ˲̶ӵ죬ʱѹס˶ġ
ò˵ǹͷİ취Ȼãھ޴־Ӱ£ַֻĿֻź䡣
̶˵Ŀͷھ֮˵˸ĵ뷨һʱ䣬ҥԽԽӣڵҲԽӱüͲ
ܿ죬в֯ŽͬпĶҲԽԽ࣬һʼɲȡǹͷķʽץ˲Ż죬һһץΣ޵ĵԱͣȴӼ˺ܶеԹޡ
ǣԽԽ˾Ȼسʿ֣ͼҪ³ţЩʿȻ뷴κβƽ䣬˺һʿھٵֻǽͼֵԽԽҵƽ
ǣҲǰ취ԣʱ򣬺ܶسǾٵļ͵˸ǶͳܿǳһЧƱҵİ취
ǣá
Ƕͳﲻʱһݷݼ̲סһӣվߵķ˹ǰƽ͵ˣʱöˣٲȡһЩֶΣǵıҾͿƲסˣ
˹ųڵĸж飬üͷһ˫еѪ˿ܲӢ׿ȥЩֲǶͳ⻰ĬƬ̺󣬻ҡҡͷУǾԲܶƽ䣡
ǶͳȻ֪˹ôǲһĴȣˣȥò˰Сʱʱ䣬ǿɾˣ
Ƕͳ졣˹Ťͷ̫Ѩ̾˿ӦҲˣȹ˻֮ٿɣ֮ʲôʱǶڳ֡
Ƕͳ֪ôȰ˵˹ûã̾Ϣһ
ҲʱõĴűƿתȥͿַŲ˽
ˣ˹һ¾¶ϲɫæӭǰȥǱˣ
չ˳߶Ĺֻ͢ỹеģҲԸһšַҲЩƣ룬˵΢΢Цһ£ˣӦⲻλҲϽϢһ°ɣǶһһҹûˡ
˵䣬˻ػַתȥԶԶ˻ھȥˣҲȥϢһɡ
ַ仰˹͸ǶͳȻûüڣҲǳһһ㣬ͬʱһҲ¶һ˿ɵЦݡ

磬ǵԽԽϾѾسʿĵһߣʿһЩˣŴصľٽĵȴҲ֯ʿԽԽ͵ĳͻ
ţΪֵı߽ܶŶӶѡ˴˴ΪͻƵ㣬Ҳسʿ࣬ܵĵط
ɾʿķȦԽԽСڣѾ˳ǽϣۿҪЩҵƽͻһߣŵسǾ鼱֮£ҧ׼Υϼƽ֡
ʱ
ӱΧסĳۡķ򣬷һӰӰеĸ߶ȲߣһˣĿ˻СŮ
˲Ǳˣַ磬İ֮£Ѿת˶ɵϿգֽһռԵʣĶɫ֮Ѿһ˿ɫʱֵϣӵȥǳƭԡ
ôߵĴӳۡɳһ¾˲˵ע⣬Χڸۡǲ̧ͷ۾׷׿еַ磬һʱ䣬˼顣
Ҿһַ·ȥŸעͬʱҲûͣ˳ųۡŷȥ
һ仰ǵĶУ̧ͷͬʱҲһľ
žȻҲַæ̧ͷǸɫӰȥд𾪣̲ס˵һ䣺ʥʥǿߣ
ԽԽע⵽˿еַ磬ֵĵҲ˶֪ʥζʲôЩǰΪƽ񣬻һЩ˵ʿ޲׾̾
ַΧǷһȦַɻ˳ۡϿգͣԼڣһȫ·
ǵǵ۹ѩħǹַ硤ϵҿҵľλ֤оûνĶħаҲҪκҥԣ֮Էԭ򣬵Ҳ֤ͬԭԴҲ޺
ȻһЩԭˡʱ͸¶κϢڿʼϣҶܷԼסĶɹ̶̵죬ٳһЩƷ飬Ҳܱ֤һȥ
Ƕǵ۹ڽãҲѩħǹĲϣΪĳЩһᣬһЩ˭뿴Ѫ¼ͬʱ֣رʾκ̶ӸκһңǺܱǸǶ߳ˣ


ʮ 
һγĻַԶԶԶĴ˳ȥ˾ǵĶУЩۡԶȻûַ綼˵һЩʲôҲסĳǰ˿ʼ
ַΰҥвĻԷڿдǿʱ·ڶеǷ׷ۿ
һ棬ʥǿߵĻȻм˵ȻﻹЩģַһֵ֤֮У̾ͼ˲١
һ棬ַвĻҲĳЩ׵̶Ӹ˳ǵעҲһ̣תƵһЩ̶ӵϡ
ַ翴·һЩȺƺҪΧһЩ̶ӣʱٴ·ڿʼĲϣڵпκĦͨڻǹ·̶ӣϣ֮ڣǶڵƽദ
Ȼ˵Щ϶˲ţ롭͢ǷֻĽ̸֤һ㡣
˵仰ַ翴˿·ͷӶǣŻ˵˾䣺ˣС椣ȥɡ
ɫ΢΢ףַ仰󣬾Ϳʼַ糯Ͻȥ
ǣĿ֮£ַʥǿߡö֮ʧǵߵС
ʵ˵һôɵ飬㺰һ䵹ûʲôַ˵ôĻּȫǣΪӪһֱȫŶתȻѾ˾żʵɻǸоЩľ޴
һڵϣоЩƣ
е࣬ȻҲĲ٣ϾԦ൱ڷϵĸ߼ħĵͬҲǾֻǣͬħ÷Ԫؿƾճֵ֣³һ֡áַ
磬һûκĻ£ԦʧȥãֻҪдڷԪأǷϵħʦһʹ÷
ʹַ˺ܳʱ䣬Ȼϲûиоʲôʣȥ˯֮ȴֱһ˯ڣǸоЩͷִַͣΧǷһȦһڵϣΪƣһ¾ֱַ绳˯ˡ
ҲַΪʲôֱڲʹ취ԭ
Żɫ԰ף˵һ仰˯Сַ簮СԴ̾˿̧ͷԶԶۡ濴ȥһ䣺Ըٷʲôˡ

ַһӿʧ֮һըһΣǵĿڴӡǡŲ˿ȻʥǿߵĻкǿ˵Ҳַ˵һ󲿷˵лǱŰŰɵ̬ȡ
Ͼƾַһ˵˶ţôõЧѾܲˡ
󣬴ŭӳ̶ӵͬʱҲʶĳǵĹֻ͢ῪʼƶسʿŽ뿪ǣɺһЩһֱڽŵʿ˿ֱһƨ̱˵ϡ
һַԼˣһж׼׵ΧȺ࣬æʼַҥ
ԭ𾪻֮ʱ˼ܵһƣ˷Ҳ˲һ˷Ķ飬ѩħǹ˵ı֤ѾһöӣҲ˵ͬĻһʱ䣬ĵǾͼ͵㡣
ʱ򣬳Ⱥӵ½ɢȥڳۡһķ˹͸ǶͳڰĵĻطϢˡ
һֱϣûٳưַҲڰķ
ңǰҲϢɼɽѾڰаΧڵıŻ﷢֣ĲɢܱߵӡһЩױĻУҶɼɽŰȫľ롣
Ա֤ԷҲԱ̵֤ʱڴסɽ˵˶Ѿλ
ڶ죬ǻָյƽȻĸŻµʵʵȥһ죬ûзʲôħ¼ȵȣҲƽǰ̶Ҳڶַη壬˵ʲôЩ̶ӵַͷǣɴֱﲻҳˡ
Ҳڵڶ磬³ҵַ磬ַѾһ
ǣһĻƻ裬ַйԱټ˴ãʼһĲͬʱҲøǶͳϡĲ𽥿ʼ
ңڵҹڳھ˯֮һ׼ĸǶͳ죬ҲһɼɽнԤƽڴ峿λڵɼɽһС
ַ࣬ҲڸǶͳĶ֮С
죬ǳĸŵسʿΡͶٸӢ֮⣬ʵѾһճǣ˹ʹˣվڸۡĴ֮ľս
һʱһαңǾ޷סˣ
ҺãϤǵҲٵһ죬ֱûзκα¼
ʱκͿͶҲ֮ǰԼپӢĵɭָȥͬʱڵɼɽϡĸĲӣ֮ʱҲŵĳɼɽΧʼ


ʮ ºڷ
죬ƻ裬̫Ѿߡ
ɼɽɽկյϣΧżȺ
ѵľһ𣬺ûĳŰмһЩȣܲʱĿĳЩΪһΣ£Ųеӡ
һѣλΧһӶսڷ飬ȴһ¾˳һŭĳе쵰㾿˶Σ
˵䣬ַŭתǰһݰˮԹģ治֪һܶãѵξͲҪǮ𣡣
ӶɣѾȥˣٹ죬Ǿܴ󷽷߳ĹطȥһЩĳĲˡһǿ׳ԺһСӵüͷȥһ
ӶһۣһĴȣ˹ң㵽ôȥģѵûоͷѾؿ𣿡
ŶӶҵͷѾľˡ˹ʼ磬ӽһԣڳʲôһ
ӶͷĬһֿһԵϴһ̡ҲΪֿˣķأѵͷҲѾľ𣿡
ӶԹˣɽеǲҪǮɽȪˮ˳Ͷһ㡣ķŤŤӣҿɲʱɽһ쭵ѩħǹҾԶ޷˼ζˡ
ӶԶԣĿתһֱüͷͳԵƤϣƤء
ŶװӶ̫ѾɽˣòɫͻˡƤָָߵϦŤͷһԲԶڼŻµһ˿ȥ㿴ԼĳҲѾĶˣѵ㲻ƻʱ̣Щ˱ǻҪܣһǳҸֵ𣿡
ӶܿƤصĿ⣬һֱüԳŵĲ״￴ȥҪ˵
״δ֪һ㣬৵һվޱĿ˿һۣĿͣӶϣλãѾԱˡ
˵䣬˿ڣֱת뿪ԭأɽկȥһԶһĲҲվ첽׷ϲ״ͬʱǰУֱӾӶӱԹԶı˶
ֵһǣ뿪֮ڲ״µĵҲһһ뿪ʧ˶
ƤؽһĻûţͷͳι
ҲʱСӵĿ˹΢΢ķʹһɫվӶļ򣺡ǳ԰ɣҲԱˡ
˵ţҲתɽկķȥʣµķˣվҲӶƤظǣſ˹ĽŲһǰһ󽥽ʧ˶
ӶĿɿڴĿһĻλȫʧɽկ֮󣬲أԲһ䣺ǵθʲôʱôСˣ
һԵƤؾӶıԹһתͻȻһӣӶߣ˵ǲθСˣǡ
˵ţƤصͱԽԽСӶĵ˵һЩʲô
ʲôӶƤصĻʱŭһӣ˵һ䣬Ҳʶʲôæһ£Ƥص˵׼֣
ǰӶҵѣ밡ѩħǹʹ˵Ǯ˵ĺߵͷ𣿵ʱÿﶼİңܰİҸ㵽ԼƤһߵӶһСĳĴȥ
ӶҲֻЩӦٶۣƤôһ˵ʱͻȻ
ƤؿӶı飬ɿѵû죬״ĺܶදôУ㲻쿨˹ķҲߵĺܽ𣿡
˵Ӷɫһࣺǡ
ǰƤظϽӶСĵϾ˱ܼȥ֮ʱ򣬲״϶ڵһʱ䳷Ȼĸ
뵽˹ķѾƾʵҵǻۣȫڲ״֮ǰסʱ򣬿˹ķض顣
֮أӶһ䡣
ƤַСĹ۲һܣת֮ȲҪżȿ˹ķ̲˲״ضҲͬʱȵܾ˵ʱһ²룡Ǹû˷ʱܸԵõһǧĽˡ
šӶĿ΢΢ͷ̾˵ĲӦ
Ǻãڿʼ˾ͲˡƤصǹһ˿Ц
˫˫̧ͷŶԷͬʱ˴˴ЦЦȥΪϣһ㶼ûб¶˸ԶеĹ̥

ҹɽϵɽկȫָһƬŵУһɽկ棬ʱһĺķܴ󣬴Щʱɽկ죬Ҳûг˯еĵǡ
ҹɫĺڣ¹ⱻڸһƬڰ
ϵһɽկĳзѽһƿһֱڴû˯Ĳ״һһ䣺ˣ
ҡһСعϷţŵĳ״ȥ磬ڻ׼ˣǸ˵·ֵͬһĵ֣ĵֶѾ漯ˣҲȥɣȻѩħǹĴɱɽկˣ
״⻰һ˿ԥ
˿岼״ı飬ߣһӸһСһæһ䣺磬ϽϣɣˣڳȥɽüѩħǹֻҪֱϵĺǲǶֵġ
״ɫ˼䣬һҧѺֱϣСشһ䣺ߣ
˵ţֱųſڴȥ
˼ˣҲæԼֱϰһŲ״ıӰںڰе˫һ˿ɺâ
״һ߳ɽկʱͿǰԶۼĺѹѹȺȻĿӶȺޣǿÿ˵ֱ϶һСҲЩȫԼ¡
ŲҲ߳һۣ㳯Ŷ۹ȥţ˾ͿӺɽկֱܳϵкˣһˣæŲ״˵磬Ҳˣǿˡ
һ仰״ɨһÿһ׶ЩŻһ˿ãȻŴ£Լ֣ȻŤͷ˿ҹɫеɽկ΢΢˵ͷȵ֮ܽһҧһơ
ʱ״Ͳ˾ʹͷ󣬴İٸ˵Ķ飬ýŲߵɽ·ȥ
״ͲǰһܵɽСϣһ۾ͿɽļħƵĹâСѾɼɽΧ׳󲿶ӣ
˿ɽһĻһ״Ҳ̲ס˼ԱߵĲ˿˿ɽµĲӣɫ΢΢һͷĲ״ļ磬ǿȥɡ

ɽ£ַһ۱紵죬ɽһۣԵĸǶͳͷʱˡ
Ƕͳ⣬ʱת˻֣׼
ŸǶͳһȥȫװײǰɽµСԼ·ڽΧʱгɽ׼
ַ翴֮󣬶ӣƽ۾СԴ΢ЦС椣ڸÿˡ


ʮ ɱҹ
áӦһŤȥ󷽴һĿڡ
ڵ󣬵ȴĺԶң·𻹴һĪĹᴩֱӹᴩǵ
ţӺԶԶڶУ˸ܵһϲøоŸʽԽԽ࣬ߣȺȺķɼɽɹǰգֻݣ
ַ͸ǶͳתͷȥͿٶָֻķݣ趯ǵĳСѻҸ룬ӥ޵񣬶Ķ飬˹
󷽲ҲŤ׷ײĿµЩֵĿʼҶһսһŷķݣѹ֡
Щ𽥷ɽһЩõ˾ܿЩݵĽűߣһСӣСӸÿֻСĲͬͬԷֹ̫ӰǵķУȸϵСֻȵôСӥϵĲȴнӽ˵һԴô
еĿԽԽ٣ЩݵҲ·𱻵ﲻͬʱҲӿٶȣԽɽµˣֱӳɼɽȥ
״￴ųɽϷ޾ݣϲ亹죬ȴɣֻ³һ仰⡢ⶼʲô
ͨҲǿ٣Ȼÿ˵϶һȴҲûмôһĹ쳡ԺһĽס˺Բһģ˿Ѿȣ
˿Ŵɽ²ķݾӣ˫ɺһ󷽵ĵȺﺰóǸҩԵ㣡
һ˶ʱİ˵ȺбըڵȻЩãȻǶڵһʱͳһɫСҩ裬Ȼӽȥ
һ˶׷̽ȥСҩ裬ҲԼĻͳһӽԼһֱͽ˲״С
⡢⵽׷ʲô飿״ҩ裬Ѿɵߵ޾ݣæץŲ˵ļһ䡣
ʲôҩȥԽԽҵУڲ״Ķߴ磬ҲµĲѩħǹĵһֶΡͶǸղųȥҩǽҩ
ͶͶ״ɻֹһȻ򣺡ǡôΪʲôѩħǹĻ
Ҳ֪ҡԴһ䣬󣬿һȺѾ˶æŲ״ٴδ󺰵磬κ˶֣ЩݵĿ겻ǣʱʹŰɣ
䣬״Ťͷ˿ѾҪɵǰķݴæת󺰵ע⣬ѶЩҪԸĸͲǣ죬ſ£
£ǰķѾ嵽˵ǰ鼱֮£һ½״˵ڵأĵҲ׷æͷӣͼЩֱԽˣһţһ߳߿ϼȥ
Ҷɽ쿪Ѿ˯еɽѣһŭ׷״Ӹɽկﴫ˳һڵħҲ½򿪣һʱ䣬ɽկȺһƬͨ
еķԽ״˺󣬾ͲϵɽկȺϿ˴ӵ𣬷Լ˵Ĳ״һۣ̲ס̾һ䣺Ŷϣֱ̫׳ˣ
ʱٵҲӵվĿ⳯Ͷȥһ̾ϴȺдû˷ݵС
״Ҳ˳ŴҵĿ⿴˹ȥ˫֮𺳣һ̣𺳵Ļֱһֱٹ̵˼룬ӵĻߣֻʣһ䣺졭𣿡
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Ѿֹͣ˼ڣַһ۰ǵصķݣŤͷŸǶͳ³ġۡڷֻʮӵЧʱ䣬ӺͿòɽˡ
ǣˡǶͳæӦһ
ַͷعӻͳɫҩ裬һԼȥ󣬽һУˣС椣ȥҲȥɡ
һ˵ţַҲһ߽౧ŤͷȥŸǶͳ˵ͷ
Ŀ֮£˽е˸߿֮Уһ·˳ŵϷȥһֱɵɽɽկ棬ͣ˷Ͽա
һֻطɶķݣַһͷҲʼɡ
˵ͷűֳ·һڣ̴ټ񣬸һĿз·Щݱǽܵһ׷ٶȼһͬʱ÷ĿԼϵǸ
һ̣ĿӵĲжʱһЩīɫķĩſзݲϵطУ豩һ㣬·ɽկнһǿҵķ۳ꡣ
ԭٱѵĵ˿ҲѾܳɽկҪ׷ʲô飬ɸһ߳ɽկĿͶɽİٸ˵ʱͱ޾ݸ˹ȥ
ַ粢ûڷݵĸߴϵĵǸûע⵽ڷϿվȻһˣǻûдݵлعʱ򣬾ͼīɫķĩ꣡
ЩĩеֱӸ˵ͷϣе˵϶ѳһСѣſ紵˿֮С
Ǵֻ˯¾˳ûʲôʱ򣬾ͱеīɫ۳Ǻߣɴֱӱһͷķĩ˹ȥһͷԵ˵ϡ
ɽկܳԽԽ࣬µīɫ۳ҲԽԽ٣еĵεڵϵͬ飬æЩܳ˴ߺȵСĵ㣬޲סڱǣ
Ƕδ֪־壬Ҳ⣬ȻѾв侲˿ʼ£ЩܿͱڸȥЩս·ĩˣǾֳֵɽկ˽ȥ
һʱ䣬һƬƬɽկҳһš
Уַ翴źܶݽϵĲѾգ˵Щķݶ뿪ɡ
˵ͷٴδﴵһڣЩķʱ볯ɽ·ȥƬ̹򣬾Ѿ˲٣ֻʣһЩͷִ˲ƣڿм·īɫĩ
ʱͻȻɽկܳһȫںͷҲһɫͷףֻ¶һ˫۾ˡ
˸һܳʱͲЩԾæסڱסһϿգֿ˿һŵĵǣһ仰û˵ڻҵȺֱӾͺԥسɽȥû˻ע⵽
еַȴǷļһעһ٣û˵ʲô¿մ͵ķҲʣ޼ֵͷ˵˾䣺ˣǿʼһɡ
˵ţԼ´ʹһռ룬Լⷽռ·뿪ռַڵľȻʱߣȴʱʱͷţϾûдﵽʥڶԿռĲٿҲȻʥǿߣ˵ռûж೤ġȴʱ䡱ռ𵴶ڵ˵٣һСʱ֮ڣֻͷһΡ
ͷռֵַ֮ͷ࣬Щ۵С椣ǲѾˣ
Ҳۡǿҡҡͷɷ׵ɫȴǳƺҲǹؼʱݲаǱǿų·һָ﷢һЩַ
ʱХ˵ϵīɫĩҲ˵Ļҳ
һʱ䣬ۣɽկȺһƬ谵ӷΧֻвһ۳
޵໺𣬻УĴҲ߳ɽկȴԿסҲľơ
ããɽկȺʱķݱ紵ĸ¸죬·ĩһ㡣
Ԥʾţһƽɱҹ


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⡢⵽ôˣ״ֱǰ۾ŲԶѾɳΧסһƬƬɽկֱоԼҪˣһ䣺ѵħ𣿡
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ΪɿƿصķΧʵ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪״İ˾һɽկԶмǸһһ㣬İֻżιɽկǱߣȴ̨ܿһĿ磬īɫĩ£˵ɽկ֮еĿӷΧﵽ㣡
쵰侲һ㣬׼ϵЩӶŭɽկһȻ˶ԶԶ˿
ң⻰һ£һɽկȥ
ֻϧľʵޣ˶ʹߣڿĵٶȼ죬ոðѾڿɢ˵ڿеķݶѾߣзɻڿУ޷Сһֻȸ
һӶŭ𣬴󲿷Ҳӻѹһæöסеķ۳һæܻɽկȥȡԼй
ֻǣһƬƬɽկԭʱģ̶㲻ϣһ˾ҵĿݲУʱвľͷܷǵĶûöĹֻһٶȴ˲ٲҽе
վڱԵĲ״İˣ㶵ɽկȺķ򣬾һҽһ̣ǵжһɽٺĸо״Ŷϡ֮ǰΪкѩħǹһƴʵȴ롭
˵״ûټ˵ȥˣһԵĲ̾˿Ĳ״ļǱʾο
ʵϣ״ˣµİҲˡ
ΪɽկȺвûǿôңһЩûĵѹ˵ɽկһЩ֮⣬ӵжĵһӷ˳ҲֻһС˻طҵԼ
쵰⵽ô£ҶˣϿ䣡˹ȻҲ˶ԶԶ˳ȥ
ţӶҲŭһĸ䣡䣡
Ļңٵָ֮еľѾָ˲٣õҲ˹ңʱвټʸ䵽˿С
ԭ߾ܵ谭һͨϿӣټʸû䵽оͷ׷ױ紵ᣬеļʸ˳ҵĿ¹λ˵ϣɾֱӲһЩûκηĵϡ
Ƭ̼䣬вٲҽз׷
Щɹ䵽ϵļʸҲȻһȫգäĿз䵽ַǰһЩʸڴﵽռһ򣬾һ޷Խǽ壬ǼͷҸϡþǷ׷۶ϣص˿
ؼǣżʸԽԽ࣬ûһãȫ˿ſĽ಻ϴȺ֮СûĲٵ׷׶Լ˵ļЩûжĵò׸մӷͺܲҵļ⵽ͬĶ֡
һֱӱʸᴩԴԺһϥҲһ
˵ôҵ£Ҳм
һ̵ķ˶ֲԼļʸŴֿѾޱȣһıˣ䵽Լˣ
ԶԶȥͬʱһմӷûжĲҼһ̧ͷһһ˲䣬һŷļʸ׼ȷһŲʵĲҽͨһ˵ϡ
еַҲͷһǸԴںڲѾܳɳķΧǸѨȥְĿתصϡ
ǿȺ߷ɣȻѾָ˲پַͷôһ磬˿̵СЩɷס
ַ翴ŻŬС̲סһˣС椣ˣôһΣðѡۡȥĶѾȥˣȥɽϢɡ
ò˵һȻûֱӴôֲɱЧ𵽵ļЧҲСҪǣеĵһžеĿģѾǴﵽˡ
ַǰѿռֿһԶĲˣӿռָȡһѸ߼ΧԵĻϵħȥ֮󣬲Ŀ֮£߷ȥˡ
һħһڵϣʱͱըܵĵ׷ױ˻֮УҽоѾճ˻ҽһѿɶǸ߼ĻϵħͲһӵжĵֿܵġ
ϻûɢȥĿƣһϵħըͬʱɽկȺ𺣳Ƭ
ҲĿĵ˲ֲģæôһߵӰӶûп˾޴ʧλڣÿ˵Уʱһ־Ӱ
Ȼÿ˶ܸоԽԽСɸڿеīɫĩͻȴȻûɢȥϲʱֱӾһЩʽϲĵ˿ӡ
λϣҲ̶ͬȵ˼亹
Ե״İ˴ʱѾ𺳣ȫеԼһʲôģŴߵĲҽǲʱ˹ˣÿ˵д˿̶һңԼӢҲҵûѡѩħǹԿ
ӿһ̶̣̲ӵʱ䣬ѾŤ˲״ĹԭһֱΪħʦԼԶһֱͶħʦ֮Աǡ
죬ôʢĳ棬ħʦĵλΪλڹ֮ˣ
ȻʵಢħʦΣһϵһϵİħʦҲȫԴﵽͬЧ
룬ħ᲻۹ͳΣַʽõ۶ĻʹҲΣǽһֶôֲľ󣡣
ȻǻʹפľӣħסħʦǣҪ龰ȫԱǰ⸱龰һٱ
뵽״ﲻоԼ촽ɣоԼ˫ȾǱǦһص޷Ųһˡ
ɽկȺһƬҵʱַѾƽɽկȺСǿһԶĻ𺣣Űѻ˵ϣɷ׵СС椣㻹Լɻȥ𣿡
˵ͷ
ҪǿԼַЩ̣СԴо۵ĻҾһֱ㣬𣿡
ǿҡҡͷ
ιС椣ǲѾ۵˵ˣַ˫вһɵġ
ٴҡҡͷڿڵҡûУֻһЩһЩ
ַһʲô
ҡҸղź񿴵кܶϷɣҲһƬ𺣡˫иһɿ־壺ǺǶˡ
һ˵ţҲ·ܵʲôȾһ˫УȻˮ
ַвЩݸһֽ౧˻ɵС椣ǰѾˣ㿴Щǻ󡣱£㲻ҪԼɻȥˣһֱòã
ҲȻһַ̬绳˳վԭأ˲ϵˮһҡҲܸңҡˡ
˵ţС椲ַشĹ򣬾أԷ˸߿գգۼ䣬ʧַ
ַվԶȥССӰŶ߲ʱĲҽͻȻӿһĪʧ䡣
ſԽԽСӰ˺һ૵ѵսɽйô
ãַ͵ҡҡͷƽһ飬ʱͻȻӿ뷨ѹ½ĿŻصԶһսϣȲҲȡףôĳ߿ȥ


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С㣬Ƕͳһ仰û˵꣬һ˽ĻֱӾͰѸǶͳӵĻӲı˶
ͷ˿޳˵࣬ǶͳֱоԼͿҪˣСĻС椵Сɬ촽СʵС㣬ѵʲôˣ
ûûС̧СԴ˲ϵˮҪӸǶͳĻ
Ƕͳ⣬æӰ˵ϣһ˻Сһ䣺Ϊʲôᡢ޳
ΪΪúòҰǶͳⲻ˵ãһ˵òײŸղᣬ˿۵һ
Ƕͳóۣ˿ΪǸղŵһЩˣа̾ͬʱҲѾַԸľ룬ǣ㾡˵С㣬ڰɣЩ޷ıġ
ţǹɵ͵ͷȻͲǶͳ죬أ󷽵ȥ
Ƕͳûж룬æһ֣ȥ˰С
˵䣬תɽһвɽ
仰£Χɽвʱͺ˿ںţ˳ԼΧĵصɽȥУûжϰСϣۼĲ࣬ٶҲ죬գ֮䣬ͳطʿһأ
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ʱһţīɫ۳ͻʼǵҰΧһָͬʱҲͬ鿪ʼ˹ȥ
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ȻһҲõŻ︶˲ٴۣǱɽկģǱͬҼģԼըģȫĻҲֻвˣң˴󲿷ֻûġ
ԣһµǿʧأʵֻɱһЩڻңλ˴ˣûʲô
ֻ˿ۼĵǣȴôҲҲԼˡЩ˵УǵȻһ֮УҲǾرԭ򣬾˶ݵĴ֮ЩҲĿʼλۼ˹ȥ
ģ⵽ô£Ӷֻһãӻ߿иεķ۳ȼšѾΪһѷɽկ׵ķŻ𣺡ĸȻֺ
仰౧ԹҲ֮һʱ䣬Χʱͱġ
ƤѰӶ˹ȥ·ͻȻʱҲֻһ˯£ߵӶ֮æڵӶҵѣҪ
ҲӶָԼëţܻôܲ㿴ǵĵطڶˣ
һ˵ţһָָΪɽկ
ҵѣҪ侲Ƥصࣺܵˡ
ðɡ侲治֪ΪʲôܵӶ˵䣬̲סݺݵ
̸֮䣬ʣµ쿨˹ķҲѾѰ˹ֻǣƤؼڰοӶʱ򣬿˹ͻȻڵ롭һЩԸ
ʲô˼Ӷʱͽ˻⡣
˹˿ָָķ򣬳
Ȼڿеĸַ۳Ѿ٣Ҫ۲쵽ԶЩѣλ쿴ԶֻǿԼȥš
ʲôӶЩãȻλͷ춼Ҳ;һȥȴΪΧʵ̫ˣɵһĸס죡
һɤӶʱȺ𽥰ҲΪüλ춼ԶһѪڵĺ
ң˿̲λˣĲٵҲɷ·ź
Ŷ𽥽ӽĵҲԽԽֻ࣬Ƕ̶һСĹ򣬸ղŻһŵȺ̾Ͱֻʣ»ȼľͷžԼ紵
Ȼһÿ
ɱɱ
һȵĿںţѪɱ֮⣬ϵĽӽҲôÿһϡ
ųƬѪں𣬸ڿеķ۳ҲȫأڵҰɫȴЩ԰ޱȡ
һ̣еԼͬת򶫷ŶߵĻ£˿иһʱ䣬ʶľͺվڽ䴦ÿֱ϶һȺˡ
Ӷɫѿֹ֮һ䣺⡢ʲô
һ̣˻شһ߸ߵľͳڵǰ
˵ж˭Ҳ֪ϵӡͼÿһȴʶ
ƤؿһƮڿУ𽥴ӶϵͷȻȥ촽󣬾ֻ³һ仰һڳ˶еĻѩѩħǹˣ


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ɽԵ
ɽկȺиڿķ۳״ʱҲ㷴Ӧ˹뷢ĵȺʱתɽȥͿɽ·ϣѾ˲ȫװʿ
ЩʿףһѾϽӽԼڵλˣ
Զ˳ŶʿҲͬųֻЩطʿСߵʿٶҪϲ٣һ˸߸ߵѩħģȴѾԽɽλá
ŶѪڵĿں״ʱ޷ɽˣֻҧҧԼͬɽʿİ˴󺰵Ƕ嶯Щʿṥǣÿ·
ھȺԶ״ЩԼӶעתƵԼϣû󺰣Ҳ˵Ĵݴ˵ĶС
ʱСϵʿѾ嵽ǰ
ʵ˵֪ЩʿṥԼ״Ҳ̲סǽţҧŽӽԼʿѾʱ׼ң죬˲֮⣬İҲһһ߸ʿÿһ·һĵŷͷ׼
ϾĵѾˡˡϰߣĿʿԼȡκδʩʵΪЩˡ
νŵķΧգۼʿȺֱϵĺ󣬾͵ȫȻûпǣ˳ÿĵ·ֱӳɽկȺķɱ˹ȥ
ò״İһûʱһΣѾչǵǰ
СʿѾװеĵǾѹȺЩȫװʿˣʱҲѾ˹
ģӶһ䣬ɫŭЩʿת󺰵ǣϣסЩļһ
˵仰ͬʱӶȻҲע⵽˲״һˣȻҲЩԾΣҲûж룬Ͳ˼һ״ʲôأæסЩһ
һ仰ԶԶ˳ȥ˳ʿУҲȻ˲״İ˵Ķ
ЩʿʶĿ˲״һۣûжκζɳɽկȺķ󺰳ȥ
֪Ϊʲôʱ״һУµãȻԥı飬ݺҧҧԸ𶯣˭Ҳ֣
ʱ򣬳ĵһʿѾŻ﷢״ν棡
ȴǳŻϣûһ¾סʿǰĽŲ෴ܶǰȥҪֵʱȴԾķ֣Լ徹Ȼоʹ
Ҳ޷ȫתˣ
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ϵԭûκηʱ˻һ˯£еûüȡ͵£ʿ糵һֱѹ˹ȥûܵ˿ӡ
̶һСĹѪȾ˴ءǵĿɥʿǵĳҲγĶԱȣһ죡
쵰⵽ô£ӶŭһǿץһӭʿֱŤĲӣͬʱֳһ䣺ǿˣģղЩīɫĩһ־綾
󣬵ȴܿûȺ֮С󲿷ֵڸо֮оͲ˻ңҲ˲ͳŸʼӴܣֻٲֵǿ̻ǱһţĿʼ˳ˡ
ƤʹҡҡصԴһ۸ղڻʧɢԶӶһ˳ɱԳʿһ߳Ӷ˹ȥԶԶʹ󺰵Ӷϱ߳ɣķͿ˹Ѿ˷ֱˣ
أӶղɱʿĳһһʿ룬ƤصĻæŤͷһ䡣
ƤһһԶ״һˣܵӶߣݺݵһǲ״Ǹ쵰ǣҴҵ˴Ӷȥǿ߰ɣ
˵ӶȻ򣬺һֱӽʿضϣҲѪϣ̧ͷ״һȻû˿ЩȫװʿҲǣʱʹŭģҾҲҪɱǸ쵰
˵仰ʱ򣬲ûע⵽һԵƤһ˿թŤͷƤصã˴ӶֱӳȥҴϱ߳˳ɱ˲״Ǹ쵰
˵ţͲƤأĴһֱۣӳڻбͷܵİȥɱߺȥҰֶټǴϱ߳
һԵƤؿһȭԵʿһѳֱӽɱͳӶ෴ķȥˡ
ûĹֵһʵ׵žܵߵͷĳ
ȥټˣƤغԥ˵һ䣬ֿ̧һʿԴ
ǸųԾƤأŵǣЩʿǴӶİܣǲ뻢𣿡
׳գƤصһ䣬תţæµн͵ѩħǹȻΧǣΪûҿָ࣡٣Ŀľһ㶮Ӷȥ漸ʲģ
ˣͷȻӢȥټŶʱȻ򣬶仰æҧܿܿʧȺ֮С
ʱսѾҵʱȻǶʱΪ˻Ҳвϱ˳Ծı֣ʿҲкܶʿĳʿǵֿ
Ҳڼ࣬ʿȣͲֵһᡣ
ɽկߡ
ķ󲿷ѾԽ˺ܶȼŵɽկߵĵطȥһ⣬һСǸ˵£ЩҲǵֻܸĵһӴܣ˵ĸӴܵУٶһЩⲿˡ
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ǸӰΰ˫ֱпߵһ泯Ĵû˿
ķΪ죬ȻͷԻҲԶԶǿˣһǰڰеӰеǸˣʱͣ½Ųˣͣ£
أĶﱬըе߲û׷Ҳʶͣ˽Ųķһ
ۿһܣȻǰһӰ֮⣬ķûзκﲻɵûرš
Ϊǰһˣȥô˶Ϊ֮дķһּѹ෢ɣҲü
ʹķ΢΢ǰһǰڰеˣɫڵʸʲôˣΪζԵסǵȥ·
ǿˡԡ֣ƺԼһЩҲ밲οߵǡ
ڰеʻһֻߵһָֻķԴϷʵɽҿԣҪӴ˹·ƣ
һ⻰ķжʱЩջƽֵĻɶ̨ʣȴ룬Ȼһ˵Լô˵棬ԲѵԼ̨ʣֱǶԼ裡
ΧܶҲһЩŭˣһЩĶķֱӳȥ
ķһܽˣԷȻôţǾһŵĵԣѹסеŭ𣬳˰֣ʱѹסǵĲǰһ²Ҫʶ̧٣ȻǾżսʿҲסôֵܣ
һ仰˵ǵķ׷ͬڰеȴû˾ͱŵɴϷʵмǾ̸£ඣ
ķĬ
ðɡڰŤŤӣ̧֣ϣֳһ΢⡢״ƽĳ


ʮ ֲɱ
Ȼ΢ڵҹȴԵøҫۣ˽µķ֮أҲͬ˵ס
һ򵥵Ķȴķһһ¾ͽǲûмûмᷢһǰ׵ͬʱҲԵ̸˵ݣеõʲô
ķǰɢŵۿ̲סһҲɵֽ˼֣Ϊ죬ʶҲͨĵǿһЩȻûм˿Ҳϵⷽ
ϵãһϵʱķһ޷Ŀ־壬׾ȴףԼʣǸ޷ֵ
Ƭ̣һһʵҽķʸ¾ʲôˣ
ڰеЩϧҡҡͷ㻹֪
˵ţͻȻ˿ηŻڶֱ࣬ӾͳķȥǰдŶɫĶһԵüΪҫۣ
ٶȻѾᵽ˼ޣգ֮Ѿķǰ̧־ǰѴķԴ
ķû뵽Է˵־Ͷ֣֫ۿһǰ޷һҧֱӱ˫ۣ١
һֹ̣ķûԤϵĵҲûԤϵۿ˵ǱѾԼǰһסˡ
ǣķоǰһΪǰףûжҲûзһ̣ȴһ֣ص˶ߣķӵжǿʵ
ķЩ㵣۾Ǳ⽣ָԼϣʻ⽣ˣȻ⣬ǰŹһԵ̬ҧҧش˼۷塣
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ֻķһЩ¶ŭɫſѵԷȴ¶ԷһŭԼԴ¾䵽˵ϣֻܺݺݵŶԷҿԡ
Ŷ⽣΢΢˵ͷһ⣺ôʣµļ춼ʲôʵ
һ⻰ķһԭԷѾ֪Լⷽˣһ˲䲻Щģ˿ʵ˵˳Ӷżף˹żףҪǵĻ˹ӶĶ֡ʣµĲ״˼۷壬Ƥذ˼нףǸˣҲ֪
Ŷܺáǵ˵ͷ
ķо֪ʵ̫ˣͻȻһסһѵǡѩħǹ
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ķһӳȥַǹһ˿аЦ⣬󣬲ߵĵǷӦͳǰһкȥ
һΣַûκ֣׵ǰǰһɲһ½ױϵĶ˻
ʱ
һ·ĺΪģ˲䳯ܱչһ˲䣬ַʱ͸о˿˿͸ǣеǸùֱӾͱ˱飡
׻ԴжһֱӾͽԴֵעǣǹڵصԴǾп棬ûһѪ˲ͱ
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һ˲䣬ƽڵеһ¶ȫںķΧ
Χ֮ЩȻûбҲоޱȣǵһ
ؼǣ󲿷ֵΪķԵʣ˴֮䶼ļΪܣƽڣվһٶˡַһ£ɱһ˵ķ֮һ
ɱֲ
ַԼҲǼΪԾ벻һ˲ĺȫһ߼ˮϵħвЩСС⣬ͬʱҲ̲סüͷΪһ£ĵ˲ٵܡ
Լ൱ԭӳʮĵĵһ
ⷶΧǰ׸Լİ
΢пһ˲䣬ַͷֲٷӦĵԼһ̣ѾԶԶϺԶԶܿܿóЩ˵Ŀʵ棬ֻΪԼ׷ȥ΢΢ķɢӴܡ
΢Ƭַ̣ܿ˾Ϸܵĵȫ׷ȥ
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һ֣ǰſ粽ơ
׷һСַ翴ŽԶվԭԥƬ̺΢΢˿ЩӴܵĵɽկȺķͷȥ


ʮ ҪΪұ
һԣλС״һ˴˿Ѿ˽֡
״һﻹаӶŭ𣬴һȺǳ嵽СԵϣֿһʿԴӶͬڣ˲֪侹Ȼˣ
ӶҲ״ﲻˣ״ʱоЩ飬ȴû˵ѣᶨѩħǹһʼûжһʼе鶼ѩħǹҴûгǣ
ЦӶȻţϵŭʢˣһӣָŵϸղűɱǸʿʬŭҪǸ˵һôǣ
״һδڽһԵĲһתȸȵӶڻǶ࿼ǿԼĴɣôȥԼ¶ˣ
仰˵ĺУԵĲ״һ̲סüͷӶ·𱻲仰ŭֱӾͿˣ޳ܵļһһڰиҾҲҪ汳
˵䣬Ȼһ֣ǣЩͽȫɱˣǾҲҪЩͽȫɱɾ
£ҲֱӾͳŲ˳ȥ
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ϡ
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״ֻûһ飬̲סĵӶܵǿҵķҲǺǿվӡ
һ̣״Щ𾪣Ȼ֪ӶѾۣ˵ʵѾ˺ܴۿۣڵ״̬ȻǿԼƴ൱𾪵ͬʱҲ̾żսʿȻǾżսʿԶԼ˼սʿȵġ
ȴ˵Ӷڵ״̬ԲҵĶ֣߰ɣϣӳȥԺǿ϶棬ʱҲ״ǱɱҲڣ
ƨӶһ䣬ĿҽǲˣҾҲҪɱ˲
״ʱɫһ䣺Ӷʶô
ȲʶôģӶѾὣ
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ڲ״ʱ·𶨸˴˿̡
ĿӶĳ˲˵ĲӼ䣬ŲһͷӭǰȥŲĿץסӶĳŲ˵˫˲䱻ѪȾͨ졣
һ̡
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ĽһЩӶ»ǲ״£һ˲ֱӱƷɳȥѪڿС
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״ҪȥȴҲֱӱɳƷ˳ȥҺȫöס壬ȻҲ̲סһѪȴ޴󰭡
ֻǡ
һ˲󣬲Զʧʬըķ飬һöָȴɳԶԶɽկȺķȥĳ֪Ľ䣬֮ܿûǺɱ
һˮȻӲ״۽ǻ䣬˵ϣʧ
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״˻˺ѷΣ۽ǻۣǱĴӵǵѪųӶȥ
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һԷڵصĲ״£ۿǵĶ챬ըķǣҲ·𱻵ȼһ˲ñը˵ƣһվ𣬾ͳһӶ¿ȥ
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ǣŻ֮ҲŲ˵Աױ

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ȻֻһˣǵĿֲȴ·ʮҪֲ
泷˵Ŀ˹ֱоͷƤ飬ȻżܣΪʵѾ˺ܴۿۣټµۣͲܵٶȿ
ĺԼԽԽ˹ߵżæǴ˼ȥǸһ
ͷɫһ˵ʲôֱ˹ϣϻûʱˣ㣡
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ţ֮ȴǺ
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һֻ̣ú·𶼱סˣֻƴҧ߶ŶֵϺ
׷ַͣ˽Ųſ˹Ķһָֻ˹ӵȻ嶼ɪɪȻǵֵס˺ı
ֻǣ˹Ҳ֪ԼԻһվ壬Ҳͷܣ˳ץһȥʿĳֱӴųַ
ַԭ׺ɱսʿ˹ԼҲңƾ迨˹ڵٶַԥһ£Ҳ㿪
ХӶ߻ַܴӽϵĶиܵһֳءʵĸоʶľ˵˾䣺Ԫأ
ʲôƨԪأҿ˹˹һδУ٣УֱӾͽַһ˹ȥ
ҲڣͻȻ˲Ա
ַͷһݣΪⲢƲԱǲԱġ룬Ӳ˿˹һ׷һ¾ͳ˹Դȥ
˹ʱ󲿷ֵĶҲ˹ϣνǱˮһսۿǱֵķԼǰûһ¾ͱȥԴͷʬðź˵ϡ
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һڣʲô֪ˡ


ʮ ʱϵ
ޣҷⱲӻûߵͷܵĴҲײϣ
Ӣ̧¿˹ŵʬ壬ɱһĵŽĿַԽȥԽԶıӰϣüͷأֹ˾䣺żʲôأ
󣬷ҡͷ̾Ϣһٶ룬˲Ķʼɱ¾Щܵĵ

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״ֱ״̬һͲҲǼ˿ڣȫ͹Ӷ
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ӶȻһ첲ɲûܣ鷴øٺ٣û뵽ӶһȻҲû
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ؽӲƿ֮׼ȷڰ󱳣ֱӹᴩţʬִɳȥ˶ʮԶŵϡ
һĻַٶȸϹȥӲӻؿռָʬ巭һۣȷûɱ󣬲ת۷˻ȥ


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״һַ˵ʲôĵȻҲһãȻ¿˿ͬ顣
ַ˵ͷĬһ£Լָ֣öմϵĽָ˵Ҳ㣬ڱǸмӰߵʱѾܵҵĿơϵſռָûнͬڣһֱ͸־ϵϵ
˵ħ״ɫЩѿ߬ŵͷ߬ĸˡ
ַٴεͷ⼸죬һֱͨ˵۾ڹ۲㣬˽⵽˲˵м䣬Ҳ˽⵽֮ĸ顣ʵ˶˵ЩҲͬ˵ġ
ϣԺ£ԣһΪṩᣬֻҪڵһͷԺѩħǹ˽ǡ
ַĽ״ﻹδļᶨԣͷַһ䣬ʱʹ㵵ʲô
ǣˡ˵ַͻȻЩԥ죬Ǽ˵ȥܵҵĿƣڵĶҲʮ֮ԱҲ˵Σ޷ȥ
һ䣬״һ㶣ž͵ͷĬ
ַ翴ӣһ΢΢ҡҡԴӿռָȡһӸԣһһᣬ㱨ʱȥңҸۡĴԶΪ㳨ǣڵʵҵĶ֡
״ӹӣ̧ͷַ硣
ȻҪѡһͬҲе£뵣ġַŤŤӣ𽥱ղ˵ԸҸ˵ԸϣĹ¡
˵ַͷĬһ£̾˿̧ͷŲ״۾ûмǴĻӦ˵ԣǸʱʮֻ꣬ʮһꡭ
һ˵ţַһ߳ȥ˵仰˲״һֱۣת߿ɽȥ
״￴ַ뿪ıӰվԭԣȿַıӰԽȥԽԶŵͷһͷ̧ͷַʧķŵȭͷˣ촽Ҳ΢΢Ǹһô֪

ַͷţＫΪأû뵽Ƶĸò˲˵ϣҲͬԼϡ
ʵ˵ַԴ֮ûиоһѹ֡
ΪԴ˽һƾϵȥ˵ļ侹ȻҲӿԺ
Ӳ˳һֱһַоһԼھĳЩ׶Ҳڽ
ڸղţܸܵԼʱ飬ڲԱַ֮͸оԼһһ㣬˵ѹʧѹ֡
Ϊӵв˵м䣬ҲԲ״һĸ顣
ֱڣַ綼ѿƺԼɸӵĸо
ȻŲ˵ȥҲ𽥱䵭ǣ˵ļȴԶַԺҲ֪ܲʱ𽥱䵭ȥ
ڣַھȻоԼƺЩˣ
һγʹĽѵַĬĬģ䣬ԺԲʹˣ
뵽ַͣ½Ų˺üʱеķӿѹסȥ
ƾżεĽ͸ղڿй۲ĽҵɽǸɽ
ûԥַ˽ȥɽڣ΢£ӿռָȡһյħ


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Σ£һԵɽһȭ
䡪
ʱұڱ俪һ飬һЩСһʯͷҲ֮˵ϣžž
һȭȻЧû೤ʱ䣬߶ڴһĽŲַжʱһݣضסߵĶڡ
ŲӽһӰҲӺڰ˳ߵڱԵ˱ͣ½ŲַĬҲ֪ڿʲô
ħĹâַͿһ£ͷҲһɫͷףֻ¶һ˫۾ǰɽկܵǸһ
ѾĸַƣӦþǵеλˡ
ؿ˺һῪڵΥˣͷܹܣԴӵ۶һ㰡
仰⣬ˣ۽ͳ¡
ϵƶȻһ䣬һձ˲ֱͦ塣ȻһֻȻץסͷͷףһѾͽץһԵĿյϡ
ħƹ£ͷǿһЦֻԼҲ֪Цжѿл󹫹˵Ҫ尡

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ķ̧ͷ˿мܵɽߴ߾һ·£Ȼ߲˶Զܵǳˡ
ӵķвЩпתͷһۻ潥ѾϨȥɽկȥɢ׷ԼŲ£ʱһ䣺춼
ԶԶ˳ȥһЩĵȻһѰķȥȿķӰæͷ˹
ֻһС֣ĵȻΪɫʵ̫ѷķĵص㡣
ķں˳Լߵͷתȥߴţ˷ܵһ䣺ɽҾͳװȫˡ
ʵǲпģ֪˶˵Ρ
ķ̲סмЦѾ¶ɽʱϵЦȴһ¾ͽסˡ
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ĬƬ̣ķջҲһǿҵķŭ
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ʱһǿҵĲʴķȻ
һ̣ƺǿҵĲʳͷԣҲȺ׷£ǿ̻ʹȫֱӳɽ³ȥȫûע⵽ɽŵλãǰһŵÿǰϣӡһȼյľͼڣ
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̫߹ԼˣΪԼƾսʿʵͻΧٺ٣Ǹٶȣǳһ˾ܰ£
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ĺܶಽҽ۵ƲƲ죬û˵ЩʲôϾ˼ҿǻʵõľӣЩСķ˼ҵĵλ˿ɲһ㣡
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ȻҽǿԼٵһ˲ȫͣʱͱѻȸڼⷽϣҽĻǲġ
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ҽһ˵ģֻǿ̷ŭ˵ͷ
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˵ٹβһŻҽҲϵվֱһӵ
ĿڶУһ̵Сֹһ䣺ޣƨ
ԣٴһ𣺡ǸļһҰΧ
ԶԶüͷס˫еĻҽھٻµһ̣ʱΣ۸ʵߵͣȫ˶ֱӾͳѾҪܵɽµķȥ
ΪߵˣȻ׵塣ȻƷôʵȴû˵һɫһ貵ףڵҹԵøҫۡ
һСۼˣʱǰһڿȶߣ˵ͳˣǡ
û˵仰ȾͰ˰֣ҡͷһ˭𶯣ȥͰɡģӳĿ϶ֹһˣûҽԴģǵȻʰСİɡ

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⵱Ȼַûԥ͵ͷְߣ˻ȥ룬ɭҲȥɭǸط
˵䣬ַǰһ΢΢˫ۣǣûͬ⣬ܹܻطô
£ͷɫһųԼַ߽磬ͻȻ׵һȭߵħƺȥ
ء
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ַû뵽ͷܼҾȻӵжһǴɫĶû뵽ͷƻͻȻֺյħƣɵһ¡
Ҳһ˲䣬ڰеİͷƾż䣬Խַ磬ֱӳķ˳ȥ


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˵һҪӦĹ̡
ȻɫҲܺڰܼȻǺܸߵģȼյɽկȺַӾһֱͱһ̶ϣԣ߽ɽʱ򣬱Ҫóһյħܼ߽ȥ
һ·ַҲӦħƵĹâϵڶߵȴͷƳֵʱ䣬ַѾӦħЩ۵ȡ
ԣͷһºħƣַ˲˺ڰʱ޷Ӧ
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͵£ַʧʱ򣬰ͷܵӰȴС
ȻɽеܼȺܵͣƾż䣬ͷƻӳȥ·ߡ
Ϊż۷Ĵսʿ㲻ķԪأٶҲѾﵽ˼ĵزǴ˿ۣ鼱֮£ͷƵٶҲ֮ǰ϶١ֻգ֮䣬Ѿӳ˺ܳһξ롣
ԭһ·ھ붴ھͲԶ԰ͷƵٶȣǺܿ˾붴ںܽλá
ʱΪصĶѨȫģȴ벻ַȻѵطﲻɵһ
Ȼڶȷַ綷Լȴûʲôַ罻֣ԣͷͼܵİ취
ŵĹҲѾӽ˶ڣǰԽԽ΢â·õĴһֻҪڣ⳯һܣȻٶǴɽҲҲ
뵽ͷʱЩ
ʲôѩħǹʲôǿʵԼܵˣ
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ͷеһɻûʱ򣬾һˮϵһĺ䣬ıӿ
ط·ֱӴĶоһִ̹ǵĺ⣬̲סһ£ܵڴ˿Ҳһ
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ͷƸеȻʧ٣ĹоЩӲһȫתŶɺ⣬Ҳһ߲Ծıס˫ĦַĻǿԳһЦǾͿҪˡ
Һַ֪׳ͷһȥɭΪʲôһЩ͢Ըңѡأѵ벻¶һԴΪȥԸô
ٺ١ͷЩɵĺЦЦ˵ѩħǹˣȻ֪˱ǹ͢ҾȷǺڰ͢ˣϧ޷Żȥˡ
Ŷַ粻Щ⣬û˵ƣֻǺһŰͷƳȥ
ˣҿԸ֮ûɹ͢ԸΪһѾ˹ؼڣ͢ȫƻ٣ڼƻ֮ǰ˲ܵκһ˿͢ԣŻðǰ
ͷ˵ϹЦݸʢˣǣƻһɣڰ͢㣬޲Ǹһͳͳȥɣ
ſڴƻƣַһȻͷΪǺڰ͢ˣ͸ɴװȥô֪Ϣ
˵仰ʱַҲһ˿ɵ뵽˵۶ҹ޲Լ
ͷƴЦѩħǹȷûдﵽʥ򰡣
ʲô˼ַ
ͷЦݣζĿַ磺ﵽʥ򣬾һ֪Ϣš룬޲Ѿ޵֪ˡ
ͷô˵ַĳȥ˵Ҳûﵽʥô֪飿ҡҲǹ͢ˣû˵ɡԴŻңģôأ
ѩħǹѩħǹô֪ģҿԸ㣬ʵ͢ƻô׼ôҲûһôҸֺηأ
˵һ䣬ͷü˲͸һǿҵķŭҲЪ˹ңҪ㣡ҰͷƲǹ͢ˣԶǣҪڹ͢ڻңǰ͢ȥɣ
ͷܵʲô̼ͻȻȫתųַֻͻȻһźצֱӾͳַľȥ
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ǣ̼ܵİͷƣٶʵ̫ˣַպһͷƵһצӾѾĲϡ
צӵͻԼĻϾҪӴԼĲӣַ鼱֮߶ŶھλÿٵѹţϵҲûţһֱӳͷƵȥ
ͷȻ䲻͵Ϯַɹһצַ綷һ˲䣬͸оһԸ˳ԼĶϣɵһҲ˼֡
ʱױĶַ糷ȥظоһͬϮͬʱ׵ĽҲѾ˰ͷƵϣ
ǿиźɵп˰ͷƵĻһ˲佫гΣ
λĶѨУͷƴź˪°ء
ǣͬһ̣ͷԳȥеĻȫ˹ϣַæѹĶһ˲ͷϵֻצͻϰֱӾͲַĲ
һ̣ʧȥ°İͷ¶˵óѵЦ

ַ۵ĴһջףֱֻץסͷϵצȫŵͬʱҲһаͷƵϰֱ߷˳ȥ
⡪
ڰУͷƵϰұϣڵء
һַ̣Ѿȡһյħƣǿ̾ʹһŲϵ˿ڣһ߳ȥ
ħƵĹâַܿҵ˰ͷƵϰ׵ĺ䶳סи˿ڣֱӱס˰ͷƶӱضϵĲλûѪַһţȴƿ㣬һء
ʱȻû͸ַ۵ģٶȸֹЦݣֻǣʵ̫ˣٺ١ҵġСŶצѪڡûû䡭ջǡڡ
ȥģȰͷ˵ֱַ꣬Ӵֿڴϡ
һ̣ʢһ¾ͽͷƵԴһԣƵĹ
ˣͷַϽһ
ַħڵϣԼҲһƨžַֻǰͿѪйȻһ˿ɫ
Դ˵ģҲܸܵ˿һһĿʼϣѪеһ˿ɫҲۿɼٶѸš
ĵģȴǰͷ֮ǰ˵Щ
ʱұڣԴҲұòϵ˿ţַ˼Űͷ֮ǰ˵Щ˲кüʸļ䡭
ѵ޲ĵ飬ǰͷ˵
͢ʲô˵ļƻ
Ϊʲôͷ͢󣬻ô
˵ڹ͢һʲô˼
ѵԭǹ͢

ŰͷƵȥʽֱֱַѹĴĸо
˿̣˼ǿԼĳ󣬱ŶͷƵͷʬ壬ϸĿʼ˼


ʮ 
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嵽ɽŵķѾҽذΧʱȥϵĶϵŤŭֱ飬ΧۡԼˡ
ʵ˵ķڲŨҵĲʣ֮⣬һֳҲȻ
Щǰ׵ı־ϣķϳǵݣԭΪҽһϽľţ벻һȺҽԼΧ󣬾ȻһɵԼлᱻǵĳɱ
һ˲䣬ķֱˣĸоﰵһҪһȺλߵĻʱһʹĽѵ
Ťӿһ۸վڶٴļһָ߰ı飬ķһٶȫתȴûгȥǳһȺͨҽȥ
ĳ죬Զֻͬҽɳ۹ȥ
ЩҽȻûϵԷͻȻǳ֣϶ʱЩңǵȷǾӢӦҲܿ죬ڽǰʱѾѹ˺ü㶷ǰ
ء
ըͽըͬΧں󷽵ĻҽҲ
ְΧı׶˾޷˱ܣңķôҲǴսʿȻ֮ͻѸģҲЩͨĻҽֵܵġ
סĻʱ˼סӣȴǲԼͬĶһѪ
ţǷӦʱķѾǰ
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һвãۿĳҪԼϣæһֻ֣ѵһ˵ϡ
ǣⲢûоȻʱڳصһ̣ķĳѾᴩʱĶӡ
ɵļһ̲סһ䣬ֱӳȥ
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ǣķĶҲڿţңڵ״̬ɱȺҲ˦ŵľ٣ۿžһһԼ룬ͻȻһתҽǼʶˣԭպĻҽҲˣֻһȺ׾Ĳݰ
˵꣬ķٶһ߿Цһ߳ӭȥ
䣬϶ʱһ죬Ǳ˵ʹ߳ŭ󺰵£ҽͿԴûȥ½
ǣһ仰˵꣬ͼԼķͻȻס˶һԵĻʱˣæҪΧϼййҲһ㶣ǶԷΪʲôͻȻյ
һ̣ɫ䣬ӲֹסԼǰĽŲһ߳ȥһߴ󺰵쵰ҿ˺һˣҪԱ
磬ǶϧԼ壬ԼҲԼʬȱָֻٸ첲ΪعĻ
ԣ۶԰ʧʬһ²Żֵô
ˣٻսʿʦѡԱʽԼڱѡ֮·ϵԼĶ߾ɱҲԸʬ飬òϢ
˵ѡԱˣԱǰһӵԭ
ˣķӶһѡԱΪǿҵĲʣ
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ķսʿԱҪȲԱǿ౶
ֻһɾ޴ĳѸΧͨʱǱɳӴͨʱʱҲͬķһ㱻ըѪɣټ޷ֻҧȫֿ
ܿ죬ɳҲѾǰ

档
Ƥص³˽ȦɽȥǣûǾͿ»һڵȴǡ
ͷô죿ЩɶŤͷߵƤ˵仰ҲεĿƤصϡ
ƤҲɽµĿ˸Ƭ̣ȴҧ˵һ˶ѪĻû취Եɣ
ûбİ취𣿡ǿѪ嶯Ŀϣ
ƤسĬһ£С
ʲô취ǰһ
Ƥûĺһɱ

ûɽŵĸǶͳͿɽһЩӰȷҷ̤ո
ǣսľĵǱӭĳìļ̤֮£ʣӹ̤˶ûüҵʱ򣬾ֱشɱˡ
ۿŵԽԽ٣ǶͳҲ˾衣
۷ոʱȫƤֱӴӽ˳˲ѸɱͻƿڳԶȥ
෴Ӧ޷׷ϼٷɱƤأֻܳ׼
Ƕͳˣһ¾;һֹסһȫͳܵƤ׷ȥ


ʮ û
ַ˼һҹҪ洫Լ֪Ѿˡ
ˣˣİ
һԼУַ΢΢̧ͷѨķһۣѾ˶Уʹҡҡͷ˼ЩԴŶȥ
һ߳⣬ַͲһڶͷǰס˴۵⣬ӾӦſʼѰԴ
޾ĵּһַһѰԼʿʿһַ磬ݶʱæǰϲĴ󺰵ˣҵˣ
˵仰ʿʶԼʧ̬æҪַ
ַһһ߰˰ֹ֣ˣңѵѾ𣿡
ǵģˣǧ˰ˣܷ첼״İͶĸȫϧûҵĻ졣
ʿԵЩ˷ܣ˵ɬ촽˵˵ЩǴݻͳơȻҷҲԼֻаʮȵŻͲֵһᡣˣⳡսֱۣһ漣
Ϣַ·ʿ˷ܵȾˣ˼һĳҲ˲٣ⳡս۵ĽҲԤ֮С
ϾŻװϣ޷۹ȣߣҹͻȻϮúֲֻܶǴ˯¾ͻŻ˳
ҪǣûۺϵĻԼⷽȻᷭü
ҲûκƣƾǵΣɽϣ޷ȫӳãֻڵܵɽµʱسһ
Ѿַˣ¶һ˿Цݣº͵֪ˡȥѸǶͳǶɣҾطǡ
ǣʿһֱ࣬ĸַһ񣬲ת߿ˣһ߻̲ס˷ܵĴ󺰵ҵˣǶˣ
ַǳص΢΢ЦЦߵһСϡ
˼һַ粻û˼һԽԽǺͿ
ȷ޲ĵ飬㲻ͷ˵Ҳһ˶١
⣬ַʱ벻ͨˡ
ֻǣһͷˣհͷ˵Լ֪£ôȥ׼û˿ô
Ҳ˵ڰͷ͢ƻһɹǿ¾ͽ˵ĩգҲǺڰ͢ĩա
һ㣬ӵ޲صıϾͲѿ
Ȼַڻ⵽һôֲļƻо϶ѰѲϵ
ȻйأȻ˸治˵ġ
һԼôȥ׼赲ˣҲһܺõĽ͡
гعأȻı䲻ˣַҲȥ˼ˣԼֻҪٶվȽŸĻص۶ȥʱһȥȻͼ
ܿ죬ս۵ҪʿĴ£ҵַ磬һ⼸ˣַ΢΢üͷ
ļƻոأпȺͻҽ򣬶ǶͳԼչķء
ԭһ֮⣬ûжٸı䡣ȸղֻ࣬ϱȷջ΢ɾһЩǣǶͳһˣֱţһֱһֻš
ңѾ˺ı滹һѪɫҲЩףַ簲ȫһǺסƣ롣
֮⣬ҽٲû״ȴǸһ֡
Ƕͳ죬ôˣַȰĿ˸Ƕͳϣʲô飿
ҲûʲôǹͷˡǶͳЦЦ͵һƤصĵ죬һˣ˸СȻҶһ첲ȴŤ˲ӣֵңҾķ֣֪ΪʲôҵƾȻָĺܿ죬ֻǰϵʱ䣬ϵ˿ھѾҪˡ
һ˵ţǶͳ컹ͷ˿ϵ˿ڡ
仰ַһѵΪùԼѪԵ𣿲û϶˵Ͷ˸Ƕͳһϵ΢ЦллǶͳ죬ѰһҹҺܸжȥ֮Ǻú˰ɣٲ̫ˡ
ˡǶʱЩ˼ǳװеŻŶʱҲȥʲôˡ
һԵĲ״仰۽һ飬ַ翴Ťͷ״￴ȥĿЩӣ״ղʿ˵Ѿǣ㡭ͨ𣿡
Ƕͳַб䣬ɵö࿴˲״һۡ
״ﳯַ̧ͷַ۾ǿЦˣҵȷͨˣȻⲻһѡԱȴ޹ءڲͻȻͨкܶûͨ顣Ҿã˵ĺܶԣҵȷȱ⡣
˵״̲ס̾˿Ҳټ룬ҲǲϣġΪİĵ֣Ҳһȷѡɱ˵ӶѾˡ˲ҳ΢ԸԺ湫ˣΪЧġ
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һԵķ䣬ַǰѲ״ｻԼʱǰĲ״ļȵʹĹȥɣŹˣҸһ
״ȻǺܵͳȷַԸԼҲ¶һ˿ɣյĺ仰жʱ͸һͬĸоʶʵǰҲйʹľ𣿡

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仰ָȻĳһ˿ɫعˣҽ˲أӽ֮һҲжʮˣ⡭ǵľҲˣڻԲѣѾ˻ǻȥˡ
һ£ҧҧϥˣҽ֮ôȫңҿԸһе
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ʲôַæʵô£׷ʲô˵ɣ
ʱһԵҲ˵̸ʱüͷǰȴӵվ󣬿˿˵ı飬Űϸ˵һ飬˵󣬻һ䣺ʱûԤϵǸѡԱ򣬻ҽͲô
ⲻ㡣ַ̾һ˽Щһʵ̫ˣõҲԹñˡİɣһ¹Ҷţֵͷϡ
ллˡ˵žҪȥַæǰˣ㲻õˡڼȻ鶼ˣǾͻȥɡ
ȵȡǶͳͻȻڵˣзĻ쵽λûûҵأѾɽӲȥһɽϣ
ˣȥɣѾɱˡַ˰֣šǶɣǶͳұһ£ǲǵͷ˹¶Ǹһ
˵ţַʹһ֮ǰǸѨ
ʱϵıѻͷƵİʬѾĶεΧ
ַĴ£űַħƵǸطǶͳһһԵİͷƵͷ­ͺȷ˵û


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иǶͳȷַĺû
ȫȥַ֮ͳӲֱӽɽĶںգѰͷƵʬ峹׷档
ɽȫټ֮󣬱뿪˵ɼɽ̤˷صǵĵ·
ϣŻ˯еַ࣬оࡣ
ɱͷȻʲô٣ѾڴĿ˵һʱţȨһӣַ練Ըֱɱйŭ
ôҸģ׼ôȥ
Լĸʮ֮࣬Ӷʱȴٻ󣬳ĺģһɱǱ
ַҪúͬȵʹ࣬Ҳȥһʹµľ
һ뵽ͷַͷ·ȼһ鲻Խ߬ȭͷ

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ҺãȻؽӽ飬ûгʲôӡ
ַ֮ǰ̫أϵг̣Щפڳ̶һȵ򿪳ţĿ뿪ˡ
Щ̶֪һȺǿĵŻѾ׼˳Ĺ·ѣǣ̶ֻӣֱ뿪ֵı߽磬ûκһֻȡ·ѵĵŻ
ǽʡһʿ֧ԶԶֵĵˡ
뵽Ƿѩħǹĵ̶Ӷ׷ײ²ŻʧǲǸйء
Ѿ˲µѩħǹȺˣ
ȻЩ̶ӶѾ뿪֣ЩϢȴ˿ڴ˵ǣ˾ڵĶ䡣
̶һʱ䣬¾ֵ÷з
Ҷ˵ĵŻǸͨڴ˼ĺôǣܶ˱㿪ʼڳ̽ϢǷʵ
˹ʱ޷ȻĵɼɽǱߵϸ룬ƻͲӦûʲô⣬Ҳֱӹ˴¡
ǣһһҹδߵĴ󲿶ӸϻصǵʱӭǵǧѼ飡
ֻŴΧͨڣЩһصĴ󲿶Ӷʱһسʿ޷һ顣
ЩƲסмһ߻һ߳󲿶ӳȥʱ򣬸ڵ·ҲȼˣһŴ󲿶˸߲ҵӭȥ
ͷĸǶͳһͻعæĳӿһһӦԭһһҹδ˯ʿǶ۾˿̼ʶȺڣʱʹ˾һͦأֺһʤӡ
еַҲֵգƿһǳ⿴ȥһЦһı飬ַҲ̲סһ˿Ц⡣
˷Ȼ㲻϶ôΰ飬׽ܱߵĵŻȴʮֲףҪһ巽ŻΪ̰¾ַҲ޷һ򾡡
ģʿҲ翭Ӣۻعַ̲סʹһůҲЩп鲻ԽڵʤʲôһսܿĻͨڣֻͨڹĺӣǲʵڵġ
عĴ󲿶һ·ϽسʿҲ̲סֱͦ壬ﲻɵһԺС

ۡӭȻûгô飬˹ӭҲֵı˳⡣
ַصۡ˻ҽٵķ䡣
ٻҽʱѾ֮һÿ˵鶼ܵ䣬˵ϻźıһͷɥģ
Щ˵Ľַ΢΢Щֻ湤Ҳĺܳ֡
ȣַͻҽʾźÿһʱҲõһݲƵġοʽ𡱣ЩȥĻʱַҲ׼ݻĹײġ
Ȼʱǵܵ䣬Ȼַôг⣬ҲûʲôԹˣңַ統ֻǡѣԼҪֵģҲԹñˣҪֵĻҲִֻܹʱŵİľˡ
٣ʱȷǰַٵķ俴ڴϵʱǰڼԭʶô״ʱҲһ
ֻѾһľźı°СµĲֿյģұҲ֪ʧսҰѪȻ˱ȻҪôһ顣
֮⣬ȽϹؼĲλҺûжôصˣһַֻƣǾԺѹ°ҲҪ϶ɹˡ
ҪҪأ
ַƬ̣Ǿ͸˾һɽկ֮µΡȻҪȵص۶
ַ߳˾ٵķ䣬һαʾź
ھƹأҽ˽ӽ֮һַͷҽԼܿдһţ˻ҽֳַһ·ͣȻڳۡգͿ̤Ϸص۶ĵ·ˡ
Ϊˣ˹Ҳʾ⼸ʱڣֻҪҽҪʲôһᾡ㡣
ǣ͸һ䡣ڣ˴¼Ҫһһ⣬һʢ칦ڽ׼š


ʮ ȡڣ
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˷׷Ƕͳν˷жľ֡
һжǧʮˣܷٶʮˣҲˣ״һİͶ
һʮˣʮˣʮˡ
ʮˣûУʮˡ
ȫһʮˣǧ˰ٵʮ
ڳ˶𾪡
ֻҪսǾûв˵ġôֱսʷϵһ漣
ǣΪ廳ͬʱҲ޲Ϊⳡ漣ʤڣ
ַ֪ǰʿԼ㱨ĿֻǴԼƣʱǶͳ㱨ľݣǸоɣ󣬱ĿͶκͿͶˡ
ͶãֵСָһ֮⣬涼ûκ⡣ȴ˲ˣ类Ȼ˺ıϣʱʱĻѪɫҲԵúǲ԰ף״̬㲻
εԣŸռѩħ˽Ĳ״ڲ״ĺ棬վһλƳȵӡ
ӵҲǿ϶٣ȣӲ԰׵ϴһ˿ΣƺЩˣֱ϶˺İһ˲ϣӣֱʱзˡ
Σҵѡַ絣ĵĿεģʶԼѾƽĲӣû뵽˵ôء
ʲôò˶೤ʱͺˡη⣬ƽͣͷһ۲״վŵӣ¡Ҫ˵ضˡ
仰¡ڨڨЦЦǸҲû뵽֪ͷѾѡ˹ˣҲƴܾˡ
Ȼô˵Ҳףڵζƴϵʱ򣬲״»ûôȻʱҲӲ״Ŀ˽⵽˲˵ܴû顣
ַεĻ΢΢¡һۣĿת˿Ͷϣҵ˵һ°ɡ
˵仰õնʱ˹΢΢̾˿ͶҲǳĬһ£Ż㱨ˣǵж˳Ȼ֮ǰǣԷϣڸս뼪ɭֵʱ򣬻ǳһС
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һλ˵ĺޣûеŲ״棬ֱ˵Ϊַԭƻԭûɱ¡һڴ򵥵Ľ֮顣
Ȼ˵Ķܼԣַȴ׵ʱսɼɽϿҪҺüγ¡ʱɵö࿴¡ۣ̲ס̾Ȼ״٣ۺʵȴӶŻ϶٣Ϊ¡սʿӶŻҪǿϼ֡
ڣһжˣַҲ϶룬гһ£ͶҵȥҰҪǮߵļÿҶȥһǧҵĸЩˡ²еʿÿҲܵõһǧңʣµÿ˽١
˻һ˶һյ۹涨սʿԵõһٽҵĸַһǧңѾ˵۹涨ʮ
˳Ծģַ粢żֳͣ˹˹ȥ˹һʮң鷳֮һصΪսʿ޽һʯ涼ǵ֣ԼǵĻ񡣡
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ַΪɼ˷ս۵֯ߣó˴ĸЩߵļѾ˵ʿ˻û˵ʿֻҪμεĽ˷жҲõһʲƵĽǮ
ЩصǵʿҲӦĵõһسǳصĹǮ֮ÿһʿ⡣
ȻַȻ˲ٽǮĴۣȴҲڴﵽֺΪѩħǼ˵һڣˮǴߡ
֮ǰڵĹǶʱҲ֮ʧȫޣַڽֺظ˰û˵Żɧţչũļ۸ҲܴأҲõ󣬵ͨڵľˮƽҲ
̶һʱ䣬ַ뿪ǰȥʱѩħǼѾԶԶĴڵﾡ˽֪ǵΧĺܶССׯҲ֪顣
ңڰĲٿ֮£ϢԺܿٶȣŸԶĵطȥ

ڵǳۡסʱ䣬ȾָĲʱַҲڴ뿪ֵ׸ȥУ˶˲״İ֮⣬ԭǸۡڵСֿϣҲѩħǼĶ顣
֮λڵǱһ۵Ŀյϣһ൱ڳۡ㽨ôߵʯѾڲõĽ潫ϲǰʿѾǵĻ񣬹е̶ӼȺ


ʮ άܶ
ڵǱʯʱַĳҲڵִֵ׸ͼǡ
ǲֵ׸ǵǵĳ̶ҲԶǱ߽ϵĵǾܱȵġ
洦ɼĸ߲㽨ʱķæȺԼгͼǷٵľá
Ϊʡ׸ͼӵʮĶ˿ڣͬڵũҵΪ׸ҵΪ١
ַһ·ʱ̣ܿһЩֵϵĽҲǲڶһ·İײɵüЦ
ĵľûһҵԪأҪĻƾѣ֪ҪȵһܽһҵĿǰͼǵҵΪٽѩħǼҵǾˡ
ң׵ҲܵλѩħǼĳӵִͼ֮ǰĴ󲿷ǾѾ֪ѩħǹڵ顣
ΪٵҵͼڵҲҪ࣬Ȼ˵ѩħǹ飬ǵľ飬ѩħǼ峵·ʱ򣬳ͶƵĿ֮⣬ûľٶˡ
ǣҲѾ㹻ˡ
ֻҪĵѩħǼ壬ǾͲһˡ
ͼǵķȻԶȲϵ۶Ϸ½ԵȴҲҵΪеĳУҲϷĽ׵ص㡣ݹٷһЩʾÿһͼǵ˿ھܶһˣ߷ӽˣ
ҲӴͼǵľ÷չҲ˼Ϊɹ۵˰ÿһ꣬ͼǵ˰ռʡķ֮һҪ֪ʡʮУ֮⻹ʮԼССׯ
һеĵ߾ʡܶάо
ʮǰάоεֵܶһְǸʱͼȻѾһҵͷ˷١
άо֮ͼǾͷ˾޴ı仯š˸衱ڵʱͼǸٹ̵ĸ˼֮£νһ޴
Ǹʱ򣬸ؾͼڵıƲ˵˾ˣ
άоûΪڵǿҷͳߣǼֿʹõĽǮͼǴͶǮСġޡ
ǣһصũһº󳢵ͷǲòȻÿõ̶룬ңǲʱ뻹Ҫߣ
ȻۺˣڶԷǳº͵ֶΣͼǾͽһҵС
ͼǵҲ˻˸ʱһȥÿͼǵ˾붼ǣȥʱ˰͵˵۹ٳǰʮ
Щַڵ۶֪ϡ
ʵ˵άоֶζַ˵ôϾַһǴһϢʱԽģ͵ʱӵԶ۹Ѿַеˣ
ΨһźǡάоֵȨִȵȶޡ򣬶̶ʮ䣬ȫĸãɫ
ҲܷάܶĹ͡
ֻǣַλӭԼĳɫܶʱȴ̲סЩʧ
άܶоλڵϷˣԭһ㱳ιĳʡĲ٣һһֱܶλϡ
̸ַڻŵĻά˺ܾܿ͵ص۹뵣β񸱴һְˣڡ
άܶĴ粢ĹôɫáԼ
ȣάܶò촽ܱȥԿ̱һܶƷѾɫһǾ˷ϴŻƷȻԹžɣȴһȾͷҲһ˿ԵüΪࡢ档
ΪһʡܶۡȴԶԶȲͼǵκһΰַһ·һЩеرɡ
žɵĽþ³˺ܶʷĺۼڷͼУԵúۡ
άַܶɻ󣬺ò΢Ц͵ˣҵ˼ܳǰȴһܻɵˡ
һ˵ţһʾַ糯ȥַ۵пһ˿ӣûţǵ˵ͷһкͷնʱ͸ǰ
άܶ˿ַˣû˵ʲôߴַ˳ȥ߼΢Ц͵ҳͼǵʱܶۡӡȻʮͼǵı仯ܴ󣬵ܶȴûκθı䣬Ϊ룬ҪΪһʲôҲͬҪʷ𡣡
άܶһԵˡַòһ䡣
лάܶˬʵЦֿʼΪַܶԼͼǺֵ
һάܶĽܣַҲһߴܶۡ
˵ܶۡ濴ͬ¾ɡԼ
ԺûκλװΣеֻæµĹԱվڵʿͦıֱַһ˴߹ҲĿбӡ
˵˵ţάܶͻȻͣ½ŲΧɨһȦпҺȰƬأҲȰǣֻϧϾҪ뿪ˡ
仰ַתάܶάܶҪȥҿ԰
Ŷάܶһ˿⣬еʧ֣ЩԾַ磺ɱ»ͬ𣿡
ֻҪ¿϶ͬġַ΢Ц
άܶҡҡͷʧ˼֣»ͬ⣬ˡҲ϶ġ


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˻һնȻýַάܶ໥ŶԷ˭ûȿڡ
ں治ԶķüëһǰȥԵĴʱס΢΢ҡͷʾҪ嶯
ջûʲô˼ʱַάܶƬ֮ͻȻͲԼͬĹЦеӾһ㣬ֱúķЩͷԡ
ά̫ܶСҵַ罥סЦº͵˵һ䡣
άܶɫһ䣬žʾַ糯ȥæЦеĽ͵ôأֻǲͷΪҲˡ
ǣһˬʵЦַд˳ţάܶҲŴЦ˵Цж͸¶һУɵúķյ˫üĸˡ
Ҫַ˵ĽŲæһסʵιҼǵô˺ûάܶɣʲô˼һʼ˵԰άоôάо˵˲أô£ҽ
Ŷϣ
һİ˷һַۣ˽ԶŸȥû뵽һѱסֻ޿κεһʾȥһߵ͵Ȼ˺άоˣ˵ᷢʲô
Ȼǽһͷˮ
ͷ˵֮ڵĳɾͣȫ鹦άܶȻѾֳ˴˵أǣ룬άܶŬʮòײŰֱһɣȻάֵܶˣҲ϶ɣ
е˼ĵ˵ͷ
ȴԣάܶŻ˵ƬأǼӵ˱ﲻ޵ĸߴˣҪӴõһЩ֮ĶȴκβĻ˵ȥ˼Ǹ㲻ǾƬҿԴӱҪͿԼȥˡ
ͬʱҲ̽άо׻ûжֵҰġάܶһˣȲûվԼĽǶ˵˵˲⣬ҲڸߴˣһҰģˣҾֻܱ뿪ˡ
˵άܶС˴˵޸άܶ㻹֣ҲˣκλСάܶԼƣ˵̬ȴǿӲǾ仰Ҳʾˡ
ǡһһʼάܶͬ˰ֵĻǡڸһͷ̲סһ䡣
ְһۣܣάܶ뿪֣ᵽطҪǻص֣Ϊ˻ô
ѵ˾Ͳάܶ𣿡һƣϾǶֺ찡ټܶһְĻӦûٺܶ鷳ɣ
Ϊ̫죬Ѿ쵽޷ˣʮ꣬ȻǶÿһϸڶ˽⣬ҪһЩ飬Ǽҳ㷹ΪȥһԼҪ˽Լҵġİˡ𣿡
Щɴɻ̲ס̾˿ˣԼôôɣҲˡ
˵ţͿ첽ǰַ׷ȥ
æ׷ȥһץסȵȣ˵Ҷˣ׹ˡһ⡣
˵˿ĭȴͬæʵҺ֪ΪʲôܸάܶһôأһʼֱӸһЩô񲻸ãʡǺģ̸½ʱ򣬿»ΪѴ˰
⻰һɫ󾪣ȷ˵꣬æһסͣ˿ַάܶûһݺݵص˷һۣŵ
Сѵ㲻֪Զ̰һͬάܶôĻάܶΪ᲻ȡôǴһڻؾһ½桭ߣȻ̸µΪѴǱزģŴҲһôһһǶǺֶͨˣϾȦӵģҲֵ̫
ڴս͵ʱǰַһۣк
һ⻰˸飬æٳַȥռҲæһǰһܣһϸϸš
ȴܵǰַָָԶһͰǰŸʽŶӵȺڵ֪Щʲô𣿡
άܶһЦš
΢΢άܶһۣ˳ַָķȥЩŶӵ˵Ĵ磬ʵʱ򣬾ͻعͷӦöһЩ˰ɣ֡ΪʲôЩ˻ܶأ
Ҫúøάܶѧϰһ°ַζ˵˾䣬Ŀάܶϡ
άַܶ˼ǰģĴ֪δԼλӵˣ뷴ԼҪ뿪ˣҲûڽ͵Щȷˣȡ¸ȵ̷ͨݶĵġ
ʲôģķЩɻ˾䣬˿ߵĴҲһãȻֿ˿ַ磬Ҳַ￴һ˿⡣
άܶףλַߵݱضͣȨһ£΢ЦҲûʲôҸһЩСֶΡϾָÿ궼ҪɹʵȵȣЩɹĶȻ䡣
ǣҾһ취Լ䣬ÿ궼ᣬȻǾѡá͵ļţȨʡǺܶ鷳ÿ򵽵Ķȱֺãܽʡ֧ܶǰЩŶӵˣһЩɢС̶ӣûʵᣬҲֳһЩɹķݶЩ˹򡣡
һ⻰պʹЩãȻַ۽ȴ͵һ飡
άܶѾ൱ǰбƽڵֶˣвһҲϵĿ佱һ䣺άܶһλţ
л˵άܶϲû¶飬෴ֵĻǫѷ˵䣬˿ڳ˼еĴˣַˣܶۡҲӣȻڼôﻹкܶ飬ҪУǲӦȥ̸أ
ˣ
ַ統һݣò΢Ц룬άܶ˵ô࣬ҲǿڿʵʱˣȻǾ߰ɡ
άܶ·֮£˱º͵Цݣλܵһõķȥ
ĴͷҲʲôæȥ
ϸƷζάܶŵĻһ˼ȻֶΣҲ׺ܶ˵ļɣϾδ̳ûĳһλϴ
ܶöܻȥãۺʵںܶʱȫָһ㣬ֻͨάܶһᡣ
׷ַ˵ĽŲҲֵҪʱȥЩ£Ҫѧϰһ¼顣


ڰʮ ƭ˭
ܶ棬濴ȥɺۣһ߽ȥַŷֱһء
ʩһӦȫŷǽϹŵ۹ͼڡȼյľϽѳ
Ϊһʡܶͼڱ־ɵ۹뷢ţطڵͼʻĶ࣬Ӿ
֮⣬ַ绹ע⵽ǽ滹ǵذ壬ȻرװεôõĲȴǲơ
ַҲǰʿһϵذ壬ͷֽ²۵ĵذȻһֵذ岻ᣬҷ̶ҪͨĵذҪǣֵذջҳԶֽĹܣʡȥذʱԼֵذྻĳ̶ȡ
ͬذļ۸Ҳǲƣάܶôȫֵذ壬˵Ҳң
칫õӡҲϺõƤƣõҲϸ塢ֲʧصļƷͩľ˵ƷҲȵذļ۸϶١
ܵ˵Ƿ˹Ӱ죬ټϳܶۡάַܶǱʶΪάܶһܽڼˣڿַʶԼһֱˡ
һжάܶӦõģȻҲȥ˵ʲô
άܶ˲ˮַʹ֮Цڵ֪ҪʡʱҾѾźйʡ顣
ȣһµʱ䣬Ѿʡرȫ˳˽ʱפЩӪ⣬άתĹԱ͹ҲѾףڿʼʱԽ֡
ôأַЦ޺̯˫ֵڵ۶ҾάܶһλƸ̶֣ʮ䣬ƶͼǳΪ۹ָһҵǣĸе
ҵļо仰С桯ַ紭˿Ҵ̤ͼǿʼͱеķ𺳵ˣܶڼάܶƽڵֶΣĺҸпǧ룬϶õģڲ棬άܶʱҲһΪһ˷ĲƲɣ
һ仰˵ļΪ޳ܣԱߵĴһ£ȻʡΪѩħǼأô˵˭޷ʲôëֻǣû뵽ַȻôֱף˿άܶ档
ϾʡάܶˣڵĳɹҲȫ鹦ַȻֺϷˣһͶάܶҪǮⱾӦõģɵ˵Ҳάܶѿ
ԣ⻰һڣһ£άܶҲһ£ֱʱάܶеӲų
лάܶ˵仰ûΪַĳԵõ⣬Цĵˮ©ͬʱַ磺棬˵ȻѾϣҲ֪ʡתݲô׼ȷʱȥ顣
άܶôʡϣŻжٲƲأַʼ磺ЦЩ˱˷ʱ䣬ԣλƸ֣ܸܲҽأ
ע⵽ַĶһڲûά˳棬Ӳְˮ˻ȥ
ά˳΢΢üַһƸֵñӣʵ޷ѣֻܳһ£ŵʡΪأڽµʱ䣬ǮӸʡûмǴĻӦۺϽҴԼʮҡ
˵ά˳΢ԥһ£ȡһģĿ˿ֵУʹõĽжʮ򡣡
ʮ򡭡һַ֣ʱ
֮ǰ۹һ˰յַָ磬ַᱻάܶԻַһֱͼǵã۹һ˰Լǧң۹ʮ˸ʡƽ̯ÿʡҲнٰʮң
ʡȻССĵŻûҲҪܶʡԣһЩٽʡÿĸ˰ͿԺˣʮ˰ռ۹ÿͶ뵽ĪϵľѶ࣡
һ£ʡÿ˰Ҳİʮң
ÿµ˰մԼҲʮߵ򣬿λάܶȻԼµʱ䣬ֲжʮҵ룡ôһһʮҵ˰գ
ԭȣ֣˵Ʒ󱬷ˣ
ڣˣɶû۹Ͻ˰գ
ƭ˭أ
ңֵۺʮңʮʽʣµݴסȵȵȵȡȻżֵң
ά֪ܶԼҪȻǰݴȵȻ˽ңҲ˵ʮʽҲкܴˮ֣
֪˽˶ٽң


ڰʮһ 
ʵϣַҲȱôǮΪ۹ģõѩħǹҪ̨ܿյܶϳôһԼʧСʵҲͬһĨǾʹˣ
Ҳάоίûе𣬶ЩѿĿάо롭ǲǿˣ
ַЩƣάоһ£Լǲеˡ
ȷַ룬άоڵ֪ӵ̨󣬾֪Լλ˶೤ʱˣȴû뵽ʵ۾ȻôͶԼ֡
ۿʮѪҪˣάо׼µͷЩʣ
ԭΪʵ۹ʱŻԼ֣ʱ価ѹһЩ԰οԼƽǣֻץµʱԼˣ
ڽӵѩħǹεϢĵһʱ䣬Ͱаѿ漸ˣûɽҵĻɽңµ󲿷Ҳ䵽
ʹѾѩħǹأµǮȫλڼ룬ƾʲôҪõСӣ
άоû˱¾ͻᱻһʹĵطˣҲȥԼǰ;ֻҪַë㵱ʵҲûнڻô
ңȻµҲǺܶ࣬ҲԣĹˡ
ңѩħǹ·Լɣ
ţάܶ⣬¶εı飬ȴ϶ˣġ֪µʱʡĵڣʪũȻ˶Ҳ˱طӳ˲ڡ
ҲףʡĻũҵʳȻչʳ̶ӶûУҵ˰ټάֵתŶУѾ˼ĩǰʱһʾѿ֧µ˺ܶࡣ
˵άܶ΢һ£޹̯˫֣ӹһ֮󣬾ͻӭ˰ũ˰Ĵս׶ΣŵǸʱһµ˰ȫֵܵ˰յܺ͡
άܶһַۣŭһһ͵ؾʹܸһأЩβάܶȻڱؾᡣ
ǿŲû𣬶һ⣺ôάܶʡȥʮңֵֻңôͣ
ˣʵȥݣפľװһ򶼺ܼ򵥡Ҳ֪ľӳѹŻ֮⣬û˸ǿĵˣԣװٶȻԭⷽͶľѾͲֵ࣬ȻҲˡ
άܶĵĽţݷ棬ʼʱҲ㱨ˣΪ˸ļóӪǰѾеرȫ˳ǣ뿪˾Ӫ˿Ըһص۶֮⣬󲿷ʿҪǲɢΪ˰Щˣûиľ֧ЩҲͷָǡ
һΣַﲻЦάܶһϺ갡˵ˮ©̸ҲǱؾᣬѵֳݺװ֮⣬ûô
Լ֮ǿŭѯ䣬ǸάܶᣬϾʡģַҲ̫ΪѡǣζȻάܶλᣬַҲͲˡ
ǣַһģֱǰ΢ӣһ˫ۡ
һԴͷյУʱһ
ʱദ˶Ѿַ˲˽⣬ַ֪˫۵ʱ򣬾ǽҪʱˣǴļǵ÷ڵһĻҽ³ǿĿõģ
ԣһַָоһ⡣
άܶҵӡһֱһλ渺ŹԱǣҲò͸仰ַһȭԼά֮ܶ䡣
άܶһüͷ뽲
һһٶַһָҼһϻ˼˵²Ҫͬһδ󡣵һûϵڶǽңΣ¹Ҳȥˡ
άܶͷһһֲõԤдȻ
ڶ˿ԲúַһָЩЩʱȫԲķһﲻһҲԵԼġǡҲҪʲôһԷ޷˵Ļ£ֲɾͲˡ
ߣһ⻰άܶһͻȻһӣ͵վϴŭˣڻά̰𣿡
ȻʵϣԭиУ˿Ѿ˹װŭһҪԼһԴַǡ
ַ翴ףɷȴȫ֪һάܶ㡰롱һվҪǰȥҺãַҲʱվֹס˷յĶ
̰ۣȻַͻȻ¶΢ЦάܶɫԺһ㣬¾仰ȴһ㶼άܶκ棺һûôʵѾǰ
ַ磬㡭άܶʱŭֱӺַ֡
ַ粻˵꣬ϵЦݾͻȻϣʲôѵ˵ĲôΪҲ֪ʲôôΪҲһô
άܶɫ䣬뷴ַһڴϣ˵˰ռΪʡĵԣΪ֮ǰûʡôǰͨͣʡԵһ˰ҲжʮȻ²жʮ򣿡
άܶɫʱͿ
ַЦ˵ֵֻңΪװĻټǲɢƽݵ¡㣬ѵʡľ۴ﶬκεΣֻһƤ׺һĳôֵľìܡؼס׵ȵȶû䱸û䱸Ǵ˵۹ķɣ
һ䣬һ¾άܶҲ˵
Сֻһֻ֣䱸һƤףڴ󲿷ʿѾǲɢˣɱңǲɢʱһƤҲˣ
ַ˳ľΪһʲôСôǲǾȫƾλľɻȥľΪµ۹ô
һάܶĳ׵ĳȥһʼȷʵΪַֻǸõСӰˣȻһ·ַǿӲ̬˲֮ģȴҲû뵽Сӵ˼άȻܣ
ַһ仰һӷĻҲֻԶڶ޷˵ˡ
άܶѿɫַñޱȣһذըУάܶΪһʡܶȻⷽö֮Ľʡڣ㲻ѹأǿ˰һ㶼


ڰʮ һ
һ䣬ַޱȣάܶ䣬һҲˣһƨ̱ϣɫҲò԰ף˵
άܶǲҪҵں֪۹ɭʲôϵأ
ַҲ£άܶ˫ۣ˵ĵһЩֽŵĻסǷ˹˫أ롭Ϊ۹ܶӦñ˭ѹʲôɣ
άܶѾ˼亹Ｗһ仰ѵ۹ߡڰڻ̼֮Ϊū
άַܶһ
ʵϣ˵ЩȻףΪʱִٵԭ򣬲ûʲô֤ݣȻͷƴ˼˽־ڣкܶ취֤ġ
ƽʱǵάܶ϶ô򵥾ͳһУַѹҲһԷ
ֻάܶѾ൱û˹ְվַ˵ǰ͵㣬ټǿҵĸУԼַ͸ǰ仰һֱʹӰ֮С
գַѵɼɽʱά֪ܶԼôҲûκôˣһʱ䣬Ҳ׻ˡ
άַܶĿѴﵽҲһЩָ仰ûв͸ǽҲ˵ûԶܣȻǾҪǰΪø۵׼
˵ַüͷʵͷԣӦòŶԡû£룬¸Ͳᱻ仰˵š
ٺ١ά̧ܶͷԳЦЦ̧ˡҲȻҲͷԷʱ˵˵ɼɽĵȺҾѾ׼Ȼ鶼סҲֻˣٶ෴Ҳ塣
̫ļˡַάܶʼ磺Ҫǰ˵Ȼѹ˵һĻǾ年ı۹
άܶһ⻰ͻַ˼ˣʲô
άܶǴˣ϶ҵ˼ַ΢΢ŤŤӣңʡչô꣬Ҳֵ̫ң֪άܶڼδйκ۵㣬룬Ҳ϶ϣԲĻһš
۹ɭûκιϵֻʡ˼ڣԣҲ˼йٵ˼һЩ˶ҲЩϤˡ
άܶˣѾ侲˵ţͨҽ˼Ϲܼϣǰʱ䣬۶ܹܰͷҵң˵Ҹһ㡣
Ҳһ˼ĺǮַȻһ䡣
άܶһ£룬Ҳû壬͵˵ͷ˵ͷƵȷһңƽʱԻǰ;ҲǲӵġǣԴ֮󡭡
˵άܶһ£Ҳ֪Ҳûм˵ȥ壬ֱ˵ԣҲù˼ҵǰ;ȫ뵽ҽ³ǣˬĽ˰ͷһңǡҲû뵽˽Ҫɱ۹
˵仰άܶ¶ŭͻں޵ɫʱֻҪɼɽĵ׬һЩǮֱϢҲףҵ׷˶ôصĴ󡭡ˣҵʱĲ֪˼г֪ĻǾԲ飡ǣ֪ҽҲˡ
һ䣬άָֻܶ˵֮С
ַһȷû˵ѣȻԼһֱ뿨ɭг𣬵ԼҲֻѩħǹµʱ䣬ңԼ˼ĳ޻ڵ۶֮ǰɱ¸ۿڸس춨ġ
Ҳ㲻ʲôޣԼ벻ɭɰͷǰ𡱣Ǿ͸˵Զڴ½Ϸ֮ĩάܶˡ
ԣַȷάܶû˵ѣǣ˼Ƭ̣ӷάܶߣάܶҸʱ䣬ϣʱڣʡõǮҲϣֵһһ뿪ҵأô
άܶͷ
ĻһҾȨδ˵ţַ¶ЦݣңõһҲ׷˽˲ƲεõģҲ֪
άܶһ̣Ըһɼ
һĺҲˡַվЦһ򶼺ܺ
˵䣬Żڷ㶵˵˹߰ɡ

Ӵһ߳ͶʱַСˣȹ̣ʱάֵܶôǲЩ
ôַЦ
һæ͵ҲǸ˼
֪㵣ʲôַЩݸİ˰֣̾һֽҲûʲôԺֲھӣԺ󻹲֪ᱻεʲôʺĵطǣ㿴ҲûаƵúܼûȡһңҲǸһ·
˵䣬ַʲôͻȻüͷתһԻķյҵͳ죬ͶӦѾ˰ɣ
ĻӦõˡϵԻʢˣַΪʲôͻȻ䡣
ַ˵㣬۾Զп̾Ϣһ䣺ȿͶҵǧ˴Ҿ˸ûǮʱ


ڰʮ ҵϵ໥
άܶڻʱ䣬˽ŲõĲȫַ֮󣬾ʹʡĹԱ˵۶
û֪˵άܶѩħǼĽºͶУеַֻۣάܶ
Ҳڽɵĵ죬۹ѩħǹѩħǼ峤ųһ֮ڣũ˰ȫ⣬˰룡
Ϣͼһһȥܿ죬ʡھͶ֪顣ԭʡǻΪλѩħǹ֮ǿ˰ϾѩħǼһļ壬ǽҵҪѵĽ֧ţ
ܶѾʱ˳ֵ׼ǣ˭û뵽ѩħǼ岻ûмǿ˰˰һ꣡
Ϣνһذըһ¾ʡը
ǿƣ׽ѩħǼɼɽ飬Ҳͨ
ʡʲôʳҲͨͣǼǿ˰ԵŻĸв
ȣߵľǸš̶ӣ̻Ƥ̵ȵȣʡÿһ⣬ֵŻɹ·Ѿһ޴Ŀ֧һɼɽĵŻﱻ𣬶ʱϲ֮У
ǶţѩħǹֻɼɽĵŻǽͱѩħǼò˶ʱ䣬ѩħǼǿ˽ͻиĵŻ֡
ΣȻʡĳסڣײũҲãסС֮ҲգŻš̶չʳƷļ۸ҲߣĻǡ
ǣһʱ䣬˸ѩħǹͬʱҲѩħǹܿһʡⱵĵŻ顣
ȻҲ˺棬ѩħǼȻ⸳˰ǻûǮȥҵԼǿ˽أ
Ȼÿﶼ뷨ȴ˭û˵Ϊⶼǵ£ֺαȥأ
ַ˵ҲͲ⣡ԼĵϣҲڵ۶һָţȫȫſ
ͬһʱ䣬ѩħǼҵɽկ֮ܲҲͼǶܿ죬Ҳʹڵ۶ʱͬһУѩħǹԴֻȵ۶ֻİ汾ʡİ汾ɾҪٺܶˡ
Ͼûʲô塣
ԭ϶ûж˻ѩħǹԴǣڵɼɽ¼Լ⸳˰飬ǲλѩħǹ
һͨԴһֻҪʮöͭ壬ʱкܶˬͳ˿ڴԭһЩѩħǼûʲôȤĺܶˣҲֻյĴǮһᡪδҪһĸ˰ֲȱʮͭ壬Ҳ֧ѩħǹ
ѩħǹǮͻ˱ȻͻȥЩŻ
˵ֻҪѩħǹ˳ǮƣǵŻĸָտɴ
ʲô˵ʡθӣλʮάܶûЩɶļһѩħǹζϤЩŻô
β죿ѵ㲻֪ܱߵĵŻôάܶɲѩħǹ¼һõӣ
ھ˱šѩħǹǮٶȣʹŻﱻٶȡĹ£һѩħǹԴ쳣𱬣һܵʱ乩Ӧ
׬Ľҡ
ʡÿһϵаװûôļ۸Ҳܱˣ۵ļֵԶҪȵ۶ҪԶˣʡϣɲһССĵ۶Ǿܱġ
ʡ˿ھֻ֮һģҲѩħǼ׬һˣ
ңֻǶ̶һʱͳݣ͸߰ףԴģԶԶֹ֮һ˿ڣ
Ȼֻǵһᣬڽ󣬻еڶᣬᡭȵȡ
ַԴ㹻ѩħǼݺݵķһʲƣңɽկ֮Ҳ۶־šֱиָķ࡭
ңɽկ֮ȻҲֻ⣬иҵεشѩħǼı־ɽկ֮ĸĿģ
Ҫǣ˳ҵΧֱģʽҲ͸׷չڻûȫѩħǼŵʱʱżͶֱģʽ
ΪѩħǼԣʡˣܿ죬ַҲʼʡĽڽṹ
ȣʡ̻ᣬʡʽתأ൱ǰһǸСַԼ̶ܽǵʽ̻ᣬʡ̻ȵ۹̻Ĵ洢Ϣ߳ٷֵ㣬һʱ䡣
ֻǰٷֵ㣬˭֪̻еĲƲԽ࣬ʱԽãԽõ
ǣŷ׷״ӸȡԼħٴֵ̻֮У̵ʱڣַ͵õ˺ܳʽ
ϵ̻ȻҲô򵥣ÿλ񡱵Ǵ洢ԼƲʱҲһı̻ĹԱѯһ䣺ҪҪһݱգ
Դʺš
ʱ̻ĹԱͻͣʲôʲô㶼֪
վǡ
磬ˣԼıڣܴõҵա
ֱ磬㹺ⱣգԼıڣ¹ʶ±յ߲мôҲܴõ


˵ġաþ˶Ȥ׷ͳǮ˸ԼҪıգȻ˱ʵĴСĶҲͬǣʲôıգٹҲꡣ
յЧ֮Ҳ˵ȻѾգµʱڣǲЧģͬһʱշѣеǲȡκηõģֱµġ۲ڡ󣬲ֻ½ɱշá
Ϊ˷ֹĳЩĲĹ涨磬Ҫĳʧȥ˻ȥͷһⱣպһ¼ѡɱ̻ıչ˾ɲˣµĹ۲ڣ㹻鱨Ա̽ˡ
۲ڲͨյǮ
ɣְѱ˵ǮϷıԼǮķʽַ緢һʺƣ
ҵգ
ԼʡĵŻвվͻûˡµʱ䣬Ӧ㹻ˣңЧҲиǰģ˾ֱ̻ıչ˾ҪǮҪǹĳҵ壬ַȥ˭߿ࣿ
Ᵽգ
ʱûʲô֮ĸٽͨߣʱֲ̣жٷмأԣջҲûʲôˡ
ǹյˣ˱̻ĹԱջģҲֻһЩȽһοˡ
Ҳɵϣ˹գֻΪַֺ磬ϣַܷԼ֧ģ
Լ˵ĵõѩħǼ֧֣Լʡóչô
˵ַȻŶԷҲƵеõԼҪҪġһԸһԸܹƽûκթɡ

һνѩħǼʽһѸٷչֻЩַθڡ
һͬʱչĲҵַҪص㣬ҲǰһĸǿĻͬʱΪѩħǼ̵ʱڣ׬ҵĽݾ


ڰʮ ҵ
ִĸɽկ̻֮뱣ղҵݱҷչʱַѩħǼһҵˡĵַλÿег
ҵ˵ĴڣǼʡĸԴһƽ̨
ũʳǵڽ󣬶ѡ񾭹ѩħǼҵС
Ҳ˵ҵ൱һ͵Դתվ֣ͨƷƷװµʳƤʳϣѡҵڣȻͨ
־ǣһũҪԼʳͿȥҵУѰԼҪļ۸񣬻ҪѰҵҡҵ˻ΪũṩֹŵĳۡԼ̼ҵϵȵȣũѡ
ԣǼҵ˵ˣҲּҵõҵϡ۸ԼֲܸͬĴȵȡ
мһУַŵһ֮ڣѩħǼ岻ȡκã൱Ϊ˫ṩһϵƽ̨
һ֮ȡҲٵĿֻռ׶ȵ֮һҲ˵ҵһ⣬׶ΪһңǾֻһҵѣչá
ҪǣÿεΪʮңҵһһڽҵ⣬ҲֻǸҵѣ
ȻûһڽʵַͲˡ
ҵ˴ĺôǣʡĽгøСѸ٣㡢Чʣݣ
ȻÿȡķöٵĿҵｻ׵ˣ׬ȻҲ
ַȻһĽ׷ѣǮʱ׬ˡ
Ⲣҵ˲׬Ǯģҵ˻ΪſŸVIPΪżˣַرųǰʮλ˵ţֱѽΪһVIPһVIPĴ
̣ͨһVIP̻õҵ˵ĹԱҵƣֱӺôǸܴٽһVIPعʣӶʹ˽š
һVIP֮ϻͭVIPVIPƽVIPԼʯVIP
ȣȥǰʮλ̣˵Ҫ֧һóΪһVIPϵĹ˽ɸķ֮⣬ҪԳɽ¼ȵȵĸݴﵽһ׼ܳɹ
ÿһõĴҲһܴﵽʯVIP𣬲ҸݶҵеһȻͻõҵ˵ƣңҵ˹ԱƷϣҲʶλһʯVIPŵı־
׬Ǯʽ֮⣬ҵ˻ΪչŴֹ
磬иֵ־ֽ֮вŵĹ棬ڳнֵڵĲǰͰϼŵĹ棬ļ۸񹻸ߣڳܶǳǽӡŵĹҲû⣡
ϣļ۸ԽߣԽὫĹ۵λãȻȻҲ޵ġ
ԤԤһܡһ¡һꡭ
ͬʱԤʱԽռҲԽ
ǡϢųȥ֮ҵʡÿ֮иһвŷ׷ѡˣЩų˱ҵĿ֮⣬ֺѩħǹ˼Ͼ˼ѩħǹĵϻ죬ôҲΪλֵɣ
ңˣͲ߱ṩơ֮ķҲ˵ֻм֮Щҵ񡱲Ż㿪ţң˭֪һеıѩħǹҪѡ񲻼λֵˣͻǱֻˣ
Ȼַ籾˿϶ִѹǿɲ²׼λ˵˼
˵ԽԽ࣬ҵҲԽԽңȥҵƽ̨ҲоԵıϣ
ȣҲţҲԽԼһЩƷҵԼҪļλŲο
Σвұ˿˸Ѫ޹飬ѡҵ˽ףǾȫž˱ӵĿܣϾ»û˸ҽѩħǹ˵ĵƭ
ңַҲųǸҵƭţһξֱ߳ˣVIPߵͣһܵѩħǼ˽׷ɱ
ѩħǼ岻ƣ
ַԱ֤ԽԽѡҵƽ̨ԽԽҲҵΪǴĹ棬ԽԽ֪
ǣַﵽ֮ĵڶܣѩħǼͻ˳ʽ
֮ǰڵ۶׬ЩǮڣֱСƣңַĿܳԶֻʡͨʡʯ𲽳½չ
ȻʽѾˡô͸ù˽չˣ


ڰʮ ŮӲ
ǣѩħǹغĵܣͨǸۡų˹˽Ϣ
ȣַĵһĿЩԭʡرȺԼֻܱ֮Ƚɢǿɶܹѵ󲿷ûϹսٻһսıڡ
ȻֻһˣԶԶﲻѩħǹλӵе˽ޣԣٻһ֮⣬ַҲڸǡ򡢸ׯרŵļصԼԱ׳顣
ͬʱַҲʾӭӵǿʵḻսʿұ֤ݱߵʵͬŲְͬ
֮⣬һĹ涨ˣһսʿʵûͬҲԱ飬һر˵һ㣺͵ԱҲһĳЩС͵ԸѰһȶ룬ͬԱ
ڴ棬ֱֲͬžãǣΪѩħǼ˽ͼͨʿÿȵľãҲҪȵ۹Ӹ߳ɣ
ңֻҪͨˣѩħǼͻΪͨ˵˹һⱣգֻҪڷڳָ˳˿ԵõѩħǼ巢ŵĸ֮⣬ܻⱣյ⳥
ڷ²УõѩħǼϡ
Ҫǣ˺ӣΪѩħǼĹ״ﵽһ׼ʱѩħǼ͸㺢ڳ֮ǰ֮һзãŮڳ޵ʱ򣬻ܵõѩħǼһݼױҪкȿǴӾҴСʱͿʼ
ͬʱеʿ۹ͻͻҲѡϱգ֮ÿ¶õѩħǼŵľãûкΪϣһ԰꣡
ȻϵĴ֮⣬ÿڵʱѩħǼ˽ԵõһݽȻ۹СسǵرҲַ籣֤ѩħǼĽԲ۹򵥣
ͬһʱ̣ҵ˵Ĺ漯ţҲΪѩħǼ˽˼˵ĿںŹ棺Ĵĸù𣿻ʧʧʱɾûˣĶжϿȥļص㱨ɣ
˹漯ŵĴֻ˴ļ¼һݶеӰ
ֹ漯ţַ֪Ҫ˽Ϣ󣬶ʾԸԼļ۸۸ѩħǼװƥȵȣмʵǿŻԸ͸ַһ־ӵıƷ
ǣ˽δʱ򣬺ܶװȵȴѾλˡ
Щ͸ѩħǼƷţַԳʾ˸л⵹ЩЩܳһ׽ѩħǹĺûᰡǣڵ죬ַѺеĽӴЩǿŵԣ˵ÿԳʱ򣬿ɶһЦտģ
ǹɸ˾Щû͵ſӶˣ
ڴ·֮󣬸ҧѩħǼ˲ƷѩħǼ彨˽ʾֵ֧֣ǵЩֻΪַܼ籾һ档
ȴǲǿ⣬ַ籾ûټ¶棬ȴѩħǼܹܰ½ӴЩŵԣʾ˳ֵĸлơ
ַ籾ˣڰɶЦĺϲ£ˣֻǳһ棬Ϊȡ˷ĺ󱸣ôܲأ
ַҲȻףһӦõսϣͬҲõⳡϡһγЧȻãڶγ棬ͻúܶΪѩħǹֵǮˡǣۺжų֧Ԯַ綼û¶档
ͬʱѩħǼڸطչļʱǿѩħǼ˽ЩĶȻܶ˶˲ԼС͵һеЩ֣˭ûжȥǣǵĿȫôĴ͸סˣ
˶֪ûս˽ֻǸ裬ң˵۹Ī˿ս֮⣬۹ţطرȫǰ裡
۹ľӶǰ裬ǹ˽˵𣿾ߵ˴Ҳе۹ľڵһ߳ţ򲻵ѵʱ򣬵۹ǲҪ˽սģ
˵˽Ȼλ۹һͷ˭֪Ǹɡ
ộÿҲͽܽѵÿһȾõȵ۹ҪߵľãŸõĴ͸ѡϱգ˻ܼõǮĻȥң
ңϷ֮أвЩڸӵеĵŻ˵ѩħǼ˽һȾͻ⡣
ЩŻＸʡ˵ͷ֮ޣΪ˳һˣֻһֱûʵĻᣬ죬ǰȻͲ˵ˣ
ǣʡչιһڷ籩֮󣬾ٶȾ˲ξĺ֮С
̶̵һʱ䣬ܶļصļѾͣЩϢԴԴϵĴܶۡĶУٴַĶ
ַϢ֮ȻرȣһļȻֻ˹˽޵һҲǧˣȻʡ˿ڳǧ򣬿Ҳû뵽Ȼ̶һܵʱѾﵽ˱͡
ǣַ˼һ£̭ƼѡҲ˵ǧ˵ĻϽиۺϿǵɸѡһЩۺϲ̭ΪӦṩᣬѡ˼ÿһǾӢ
ͬʱһϢַУɾЩЦˡ
ںܶ˶ԵŻ֮ǣѩħǼչļʱ䣬Ӧٵ֮⣬Ů˷׷ױ
ǣȻ۹ûĹ涨ŮԲòξ飬Уȴһ˾֪Ǳ򣬴Ӵ½мصʷϣ˸Ůͳ졢֮⣬ûмŮ˴̵ļ¼
񣬲ǵ۹ǵطرֻǸ˽һɫȫԣûһŮԣ
Ůȥ̣
κһ仰¶Ϊˣ
ȻȻŮڴ½ϵĵλϵͣҲܵ˵ӣϾӹһǿɲС
ǣŮĿȥô˵½ϵŮսʿҲܶ࣬˵۹ʷҲмعŮŮͳŮٵϣǱϾˣˣ
ʡˡ顱ŮԣµרΪǳһš
ҪϢ϶ЦһʲôЦŮ˻ȥ̣
ǣַϢȴһ
ŮΪʲôͲܴ̣Ȼÿô첻»вӰ죬ԵģŮҲŮ˵ư
ԻˣõΪ޺ֱ˼ƣȵȡ
˵Ů߱ƶûеģңӵǿʵŮȫ˲϶٣ҲȲˣǰһ㲻ʲôˣ
ǣַ˼һʱ֮󣬾͸ߴ׼ˣŮǧһŮӲš
ַشʱȻסˣȻͷԺȴͨ˵Ĺ޷ַһ˼ϵĽԣڶ֮󣬳Ծһ䣺ˣҡǲˣ
ûҾҪһŮӲšַЦˣȥɣҵĻ㴫ȥ


ڰʮ ٷ粨
ܿ죬ͨǳصĴݣѩħǼŮʿŮӲŵϢʹʡĴС˵ĶС
Ϣɵĺ䶯νǰδУ
ʷϣй鷢
ǣڼ̵ʱڣʡһҵ֮С
۵ͬʱҲ׷ײ²ѩħǹ⣬ȻǵҲŮҪϡ
ʡÿڶܿŮӾŵҪ󣬴һ㣺
һ䲻ʮꡣ
ڶӵļսʿʵ
ò㣬Լɫ
һҪʡ۶ʱͱ˸߳
ҪԸĵ㣺ᡢʵƯĺãһ뵽󲿷ֲˡѵѩħǹҪһ󹬱šô
һᣬȻĸˣ
һЩνרҸΪһ²ṩ֤ݣ
ȣѩħǹᣬʢ˵ѩħǹ۹ŮãλŮûиѩħǹ֣ԣ˼įˣǺġ
Σѩħǹᣬ˵ʵҲܳڣֱܶά˻ͷԣȻӦӵдŮˣȻ͸ѧܣһǧ˵ĲֻǹٷʵϹ˾ѡǧˣÿ˫ɣܲ˫أ


ķԽԽ࣬Щ֤ǰѩħǹǵѾա󹬱šˡ
˵ȻҪ󹬣ΪʲôҪлһļսʿʵҪʱܶ˾ͻεİһֱۣ׳ĸ㣺ѩħǹζ£ЩûСﲻѩħǹڣֻö壬ܾѩħǹ
һʱ䣬ڡ͡ʣҲһ˿塣
Щͨʹַʱֱںţ̵ַ˴һţ̣
ŴĨһϵţ̣ЩɵĿԼʱַѾ޷Լˡ
ѵҵ뷨Ǹ˵һ𣿡ַЦõʵ
Щԥǵ˵ͷ
ѵ𣿣ַŭˡ
һæʹҡͷ
ַ翴ԵɫҲټ˵ʲôֱתͷߣֻһ仰˹ȺŮӲԺŰɣһ

һ䣬˰죬Żæַ׷ǰȥˣҿɲҸŮ˰

δԣŮӾݱĽš
ӦŮԣַҪ˵Щˡ
ŮӲ࣬ټĺáƯҪԼɫ⼸Ůʵ̫ˣ
ϾһŮˣ΢еɫȥ뵽սʿ·ܼ޸ĳ壬һ׷Ŀ꣬ŵĹǴֲϲֱŮԣԣɰʱ仨ѧϰȡϣҲԸȥ
ʮµŮԣ󶼳ĲôкܶѡȡŮı׼ﲻǾֻܼϣԼʵǿܵõǵ۹ʶӶһְٰ֮ġ
ԣַҪǿΪìܣ
ĴԣúܶӵһɫȴûκʵŮԣųΪ˵ȥļĵص㡣
ǿȻǧһΪңֻҪһԣǾͲϾǹ˰Ȼѩħǹڵ۶һŮˣ˵ԼҪźĺˣܰ޵λӸأ
ҵС檣Ҳ㹻ٻһˣ
ʱͬԼңҲõ޴ĺôȻҵһ㣬һѩħǹҪǿԼأ

һ⣬Ƕܵ˾ܾ
ȻҲһַ磬ַ綨Ĺǿɲҷˮ
ɣЩСŮ˻Լɫջ󿼹٣ӶͨٵĿˣڿٿյЩŮδɶǹ˵ŮˣĸҶһָͷ
ǣŮԣһأ
ֵĺܶҲַҪŮӾŵϢȻǲͨһͿ϶Ϊַǽ󹬾ţҲλѩħǹ˼
Կ뷨Ŷظ˲ɫڵŮЩʵǿŻַһЩƵǵˣ
뷽跨ϣЩŮַܼһ棬ַ粻ųһ仰ǵĺˣҪֻϰ㣬ҲҪңֻʡҪŮԡ
ǣѩħǹ˼ЩӦƸŮҲѩħǹɿڡ
һʱ䣬𱬵һ¾ͽ˲٣ܶɫڵûŮԴʱҲûкҩȻĻʱҪˡ
Ȼ֮٣ʡǧ˿ڣַͲǧŮԶղ
ҺãͳַǰķŻ˶ǰͳƣȻյٶȵȷ˵㣬ַԤƣһ֮ǧ׷ŮԾӦꡣ
ǹȥˣַҲһһԼʣµǧ˵˽ˣ齨һ֧ǿ飡
ǿĶĿǰʡ״˵ش壡
û뵽ǣ黹ûֻǸշϢʱʡľƣʧأ


ڰʮ 
ˣǰļǧˣټŮӱǧˣϵ͸ǧ޲͸ǧв״İˣʮˡ
Ȼѩħǹλ˽ʮˣַ֪ԼλñȽУڸλϲãʮ֣ѾǵϿԳܵļˡ
ʵϣַ֪ϱ˲Լ˽ǣԼȦ֮У޲صĹϵһ㣬Ĺ壬Լ졣
ЩȻϸԼܿɰ¸Ͳ£ԼλϣѾò˶ۺˣǵһʱͰ˽»в˵л
ʵҪֻ˵лҲûʲô˵ģؼǣЩҪ˵ϵĶУںԼ˽Ϊ˰ЩǵģҲҪԼ϶һ
ԣʱڣʮ˹ģ˽ַȷһţֻʮˣҲԹˣ
˵ַڵŻϡ
ϾʡĶڸӵеĵŻЩŻȻҴ⣬ǲǰͨڻǸţʡľúһʧ
ԣŶг
гķַ뵽ǡõŻŻ
ǡ
ļɻ𱬵ʱһϢͨۡѸɢȥ
һϢøոȴһ˷֮С
ѩħǹʴȣֳصĵŻеŻԸӴϴĸ棬ҪµĻǾͿԳ֤ǳۡȴϡǰĵŻڽ󶼿ԵõѩħǼ˽ͬҶиŲ׷סֻ
λѩħǼٷҵ˵Ĺ漯Ŵһ档
˭֪漯űѩħǼµĲҵٷϢҲûʲôϵ
ַôԭҲǹ˼Żٷη壬ѡԹ漯Ϊý飬ȴڹٷӰ
ȣϢȥʱ򣬵ŻﻹûʲôʡǾһը˹
ϾֵԵ֮ǿɲһˣһ˵ѩħǼȻյΪ˽һ¾Ͳ˼ĺ䶯
˷׷ױʾǿҵĲЩǵĵŻµĳޣѵ򵥵һʹ
ͬʱҲв˶ѩħǼʾ֧֣Ͼ̵ԷҲһֶΣȥѾҪȥˣֻҪδһתãǲҪġңЩΪٶ˵ĵǽΪڷҲǰˡ
ʡγ
ַ֧һʹһĮַһʹԷѪĽѵȻַ֧һһʲôСֶ߽зʤַⷽǿһӦֻѪϴϴȥеޡ
һʱ䣬ֵǾʹ˿ˮսڵʱ򣬾Ȼһģĳͻ
ͬʱٵ˽ҲһЩСģĦԭΪķϾܶ˱ξҲǱšˡġ˱ŵͼһȶ롢չԼѩħǼĸָʹ
ǣķΧ֮£ʡľƽҪʧأ
ַû뵽Ȼ֮ǰҲԤϵ϶һ˷ԣȴҲû뵽ᷢչ˼ң
ȣǵһ˵˼ַŻļĿںžԵرСġУûκеۣһ仰ҲڲڣĵͲˣʡԶֹҾҪȥԸʣµĵ
ǣַ˺ܶ˵˼붼̫壬Ҳι̣벻Լ⡣
ٶ룬ַһøڼһҲϽڵһʱվ̬
һΣַõı̬ʽΪ⣬ûͨǳصĳۡ׼˴֪̽ˮ¼Լ˵µһλ
װÿһˣͬڣȫǺͨˣֻǵλߵͲͬˡǣǶһȻִ᷸ЩģЩġ
Ҫ˵ǣ˭ûͷԷ跸ʱ򣿿ǣ˴֮󣬴󲿷жڣЩҪľԭ¡ûеõԭ£ڱƵͶ·֮£ض᷸Ĵ
ԣҪðݵȥݷ´ˣֻҪϻͷǾ͸øᣬҪ֪ǳġڸְܵͬʱҲضᱧŸж̬ȥرǡ
λַ籾ںСʱҵʦҲصĴ󣬵ҵʦȴûΪҷµЩ󣬾ͶұĮ̬ȣ෴ҵʦһֱҺܺơ
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ھʱ룬ҵͯûʦĿݵĶԴңҾûнĳɾͣ
ԣſݵ̬ҸʡĵŻһλᣬҲڸǣÿ˺ڵĻᣬǶ޵ģֻҪǼʱշµУǾܵõԭ¡
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ڴˣҲֻǵŻԽԽҸŻԽԽʣ
Щ¼ַӰ֪̽ˮܿʹܶ˸еĳУңɸǳչš
һչţԭַܶ˾˳Ĭ֮С
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Ͼڷ˴ʱ˭õԭ£ʮĶˣҲŽҵ
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ַҲţǮĲֻһ򵥵ѣǳ׵ĸıĳһ˵˼
ͬʱıĻһֵŻǡ


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ַһʱдССĵŻѾ΢ı仯ֱ仯Ͽǻǹշѵշѣ̵̡
ܶǵģȴһĵطŸı䡣
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ǣȻ·ǾûкڵأңڵȦڣһ仰зգ
뿪ЦĻ͸¶źܶеᣬĵȴΪԺ˵ǻŭ벻ʣ᲻仰У
ֱҲΪϵŷ仰͸¶Ŷںޡ
Żﲢôңڣ෴ƬĵطǵľνǱҵ绹Ҫңÿȡ·˵Ĺ·⣬ʱΪĳһ̵棬žǹĿս
ʱ˯֮УܶŻĳ֮£ңڸʱǻҪٷӵ׷Ӵܣ˵ÿ춼ĵŵ
ܶȦڵ֣Ѿϰ˽񾭵˯ʱҲһֻ۱һֻۡ
ǣǺòʱܻĪƽǵļˣԵļ硣
ܶʱǶؼȥһԼĸĸôˣԼĺӵ׳ˡ
ֻǣһ·ǾҲ޷ͷҲ޷صԼļ翴Ϊÿ˶ԼЯĳޣΪԼؼһˣתƵƽļϡ
ȻףⲻԼҪǣǶ֪ȻѾ̤·ǾǹţҲҪʣµ·꣡
ǣѩħǹĳ֣ȴǸǴ˱죡
ڵ֪ǸĵŻѾȫʱ򣬲ٵʹֹгһԼҲᱻͬ
ǿɶֱ֪߽ĵһǺ֣
ʡ½϶ˣڵȦһĵĹ涨ʵ㣬Ծ죬Խֵı߽磬Խܵõ󣬱Ͼ̶ֵţɶ·߽硣
ʵܲôùֵϱȥȻܴﵽǱߵ̶Ӻź٣ԣǱ߻Ҳûʲô
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ѩħǹӹʡʿļӽҲݱĽţѩħǼ˽ϣЩŻﻹеĻ
һʱ䣬еĵǶ˱һ㣬ǰ·ã
ѩħǹļϢǸһոµϣһֱΡȼϣĻ⣡
ǡַųļŻĵҹһЩŻ˾ȻҲһЩĵԼ컹δʱ򣬾ѡ뿪

һ죬ѩħǹųļϢĵڶ죬ַıָֻ̬ƽ֮УǴûзʲôһ
ֻĵ׵˼붼Ѿ΢ת䡣
磬ȻʱѾ붬ֵůڿУһƬů⡣
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ֵڶҵеķǣһֵӰҲδæµǴı仯֮࣬ǿһ֮ͲȥڶۣԶԶĶ㿪
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һѵѷ˿𣿡ĳλ·ס˱ӣԶԶܿ
ƺҲ⣬ȫûأԼţܿʧȺ֮С
ķǣѩħǼļĵص㡣
һڳۡԱ߲ԶʱСӣֻһӣһӣһżªľҾߡ
֮⣬ڻˣһǰ˴š
ĵǰⷭǰķǹԱµĹܱߵŻϡ
˴ļŻǿ˵ǡͶΪһ֮󣬺ܿͬ˸Եĸλ
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䣬ʱ̸ۣͣһȽڴϡ
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һݣʱһɫѿ죬ۡ
ǵģˣҵѾϹˣѾҺܾˡ˲ڰǵıָ֣ԼϿնԼᴩ˽ӽİ̺۵͵
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һ䣬ϵ¶Ϊ֮ɫǸˣ޷֤ǡ
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ðɡڨڨ˵һ䣬ϣֽͱʣ֣
ѵ֡


ڰʮ ˡ
ͼǣܶۡ鷿֮С
ַüͷһԱűӵĴĿ˷ѵֵϣĬ
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°ʹԼǺΨһ۵ȥƽһֱɣܾĥѵĵؿַʹˣҲڡ
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仰һæת뿪鷿鷿ķϣֻʣַͷѵˡ
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ѵֽУǣþ̲ס߼ջ󣬱ƭһѪ޹飬߲ҵʱҪһȴ벻ǸһȻ˴ͨˣûаңҴ˳ȥ
ŷѵһһ˵ַҲ˷ѵһľ
ԭڹ̹ѵһұϳȥ֮󣬷ѵоһ߰мΨһϸչ˺ӺĶӣһ߰οһˣ˵Ҫȥ׬Ǯʵϣ׼ŻǸɢ졣
ĵĵȴ֮󣬷ѵڵȵһᣬĳŻǸ˵̶ʱһԥɱ̶
ǣûѧκ似äĿĳȥʱͱ̶ӵӶҵѪ֮С
ѵ󣬲ûôعĻҹĻ֮Ȼ漣ĻֻΪʧѪԵر
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ںǸŻΪĳιٷĽ˷жɵʧɢֻܱȽɢּһŻǡʱţѵּĵŻҲŵ߱ʡ߽磬
ѵƾı£һλḻϵֵ֪ĸֵΣҲʱţеĳ޵ö֮ԽԽ˼ʧɢϸסӣԼԼɰĶӡ
ѵҲ֪Լ޷ͷˣֻڶʱһ¹Ҹ֮ȴŨŨʧС
ö֮ѵҲٻ׹ĵĵϵƾŷḻľ飬ѵ׾ٵ˵ŻϯҡλϣŻܹιٷĽ˷жҲõεƣڵĵŻʤ࣬õĳһˮ㡱ĵ̡
ǣҲΪⱾ족⵽ŻİɱУĿڴ̡ԼֵĴָʳָʮµӡǡ
ңϲ㣬ڵĵŻﶼⲻʧɢ߱ˣȴֻǿĻ
ѵ־ᳰЦԼһˡˡ
ֵĸƯţʱϤ֣ȴǲȥѰʧɢˣҲҷؼ硣ǰһӵʱٴ⵽˵з׷ɱԵǣûҲٻԭȵĵŻˡ
һλûҪȥ˼˿ãһεֱ߽磬ϣһ컯ŧ˿ȥ
ǡתҲʱ٣˵ѩħǼļŻϢѵһѾģʱڻȻĶ
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ԣϵʹͱȲϷѵĵĿԣѵϣˡ
ˣһˣ֪еŻĵص㣬Լ·ߣ
ѵֵԵ쳣ĺһͨˣԸʮľ飬ȥʮ그µĸɣ
Ŷѵ֣벻Ҫ룬ӦȻȥϴһ裬˳㽫ҸҩͿĨ˿ϣȻ󾲾ص˿ڸԭ
ַһѹסӿĸпĿͣŰο˼ֻмм˵һ졣ȻҲøһЩҲΪȥѰʧɢļˡ



ھʮ 쾯
ˡ֮Ƶľḻϵѵ֣ҪҾᡣ
ַҲõһֵ˽⵽áٿȫ顱ݵǿ֡˵˷ѵֵļ룬ǲļŻҪָصĵǣҲһˡ
ȻҪҾĿɲֹѵһˣڽļ֮ڣָļŻıͷ׷״˲Ϣ
ѵһͨҲкֻܶ첻ȥС͵ŻһЩ͵ĵŻǻڹ۲磬ûڵһʱǰ
ַҲżĵʵߵͣȫһ©£ҰЩȫ˲״
ϢַҲûп˹ɢ˳ȥ͵ŻĶС
ܶ໹ڹĵŻŵϢʱͲԥȷѡڽʱڣÿһ챨ĵŻҪǰһ߳һˣڵʱ򣬸ļĵص㣬ǼǵϢҪȵ߳࣡
ôչȥò˼ʱ˵ͻռǣ˵죬͵ŻҲסˣ׷ɸԴЧﵽĳеص㱨ٶϣͶѩħǼ˽С
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һˣַȡֶΣǣлڸ֮⣬Ǿͼʱɢع鵽ͨ˵֮УѩħǼọ̈̄ѩħǼıоͲˣ
ǡܶûгΪѩħǼ˽ĵŻһɢһʱ䣬ֵףҲʾΪЩطĵǵǼǸϢԺܵڹȵĴֻҪֺãõΧڵϿɣǾָܻݡ
һ涨ûеõκ˵ķԭ־ЩطĵĬĬѭһ涨ƽ˵֮С
ֵһǣܶڵõڹȴ֮ͻȻͷ۴һЩǷйŲѾõĿƣҲԵıֻںޡ
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Ϊõһսܾڴ֮ǰѵַ֮£ͼǸһЩǾĵ··ߣԼΪصĲص㣬¼һЩ֪̽ˮϣ󷢸ЩһľӣǽԼľο
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ӵŻнĲƲȵȣ˽Ķƽֳݣһݷַ˵صľһݷַһЩС͵̶ӣʣµһݣҵʽ
ǣһս̶ֵ֮޲ϺãЩطĵҲ̾
ͬʱҲΪʣµĵŻһӣ
һʱ䣬ЩûбĵŻΣһ֮С


ھʮһ µ
ת֮䣬ѩħǼѾµʱˣΪĶ쵽һƬ︴յľ
µʱ䣬ʡνǱ仯޴
ȣֵ˼Ѿ˺ܴת֮ĽøӺˣ̸ʲô֮ǰܶҲվڶԷĽǶȿǣңΪҵ˵ԭŷ׷ױȽɢӭһʷʱڡ
ûƭӵռ䣬ĳƭƭҴ󣬲ѩħǼľִѾŭҽˡ
ҵ˴¢Ըĸɽկ֮µϴůԪأֳһůķΧ٣ǵڻø֮£ԭһĮˡ
ͬʱΪ˱ֵ֤ĹԱܸõΪڷַ籾һ»ɼίԱᡣ
ڵ۹ƶǲڵģַԼģþǼලԱĸΪȣίܲͼ䣬ַӵǴֿϸһֵλãֱֲڸǳ֮УһЩСһһȥ
ڼίַ֮絣Ƕ죬ù漯ÿһұκιһලĶڣÿһµнˮҲȫѩħǼֱӸ
ƽʱί͸ԹԱְʻȨмලΪ˱֤ί޷ԱᣬַڵεʱļලҲӦıҲ˵һж͸֮ġ
ңڷ˫ֻǼίκʧ©֮ȥٱһʵٱܵõѩħǼĽίҲܵѩħǼϳͣ
ԣ˹ҵĻѩħǼҲ
һȥ󣬾˾޴ĺ䶯
ԭǴԱḶ́ʽϣǶһ֣ܵ͵£֪Լ˰ճϽɵ֮⣬ĶʲôңҲΪලȲҪʱ򣬸Ͳʱ
ڣһʽϻЧʣߡ
˵ǶԹԱʵ߻Ƕͨڵ棬˾Եı֤
ˣѩħǼַĴ֮£һ̨סŵ˵̶µʱ䣬ѩħǼӮ˸άܶλʮ
ھӷ棬ѩħǼ˽ҲȹУʮ˵˽ϵĶָصĵŻչ͹Ż֮
Ѿ˳İ˹ģϵĵŻȻкܶɢĵÿҲǼβӣͲԭһ·̶ȡ·ˡ
ŮӲŻѵ֮У󲿷ֵ˽õһ̶ȵĶȻĪŵսкܴĲַ࣬ұ֤Լ˽ҪȺܶطĹٱǿࡣ
ǶֵεϤȣ֮ԭезֵĻѩħǼ˽ضᷢࡰټ߶ࡱӡ
ַףıɶɱģûϹսûоѪϴǾͲܳƵľˣ
˵˷ʵ㲻ϵҲѩħǼ˽õһϵδ˼ս춨һʵĻ
⣬ܵµĽ̵ҲԼϵĸĬˣȻĿǰڼϻЩ裬ַţʱţҲ⡣
Щ֮⣬³ÿһʱ䣬ַҪһЩѪоʱ䶾³оѾȡһֳɹȷһЩֱַѪһЩҩңע䵽ֶڽЧϵĹ۲졣
С󣬴ţȫԲͬıע۲Чȷһϵеŵ㣬ңʹַѪһСķΧ֮գһǰʱ䣬³ѾѩħǼ˽ѡһСʵ顣
̶һܵʱ䣬ȡõЧͺԡע֡ҩʿڣָͿõߣһЩƤϵС˿ڣֻüСʱʱָܻ˰̶¡
Խ˿ڻָٶҲԽԶԶûֱַ̬Ļָٶȣ³һֱڽŵĽоչȥѩħǼ˽ϣҪǿڱ
֮⣬ѩħǼǱͼҲѾȷӯ޳зеĸʽ񣬶λʡ϶˵һɽˮĵط󼫽ĿǰѾں˹Ĵ¿ʼл裬ȳǱϣַͿԹϡ泯󺣣ůˡ
Ȼʡȫͻͽչʱַ˵ʵҲѸš
һЩҪҪַ֮⣬󲿷ʱ䣬ڡչ
µʱȥַʵѾﵽ˾żнףַ˸оһ֮⣬罣ı仯һµ֮С
֣һﵽżнˮ׼ѹ罣ķʽٽٶѾ»罣Ǵﵽĳ̶ֳȵıһټѹȥĵĵԽԽ࣬ȡõЧȴԽԽ١
ڣռָ۵ĵѾĵĲˣԭķȥĻҪĵʱҲһӴ֣˵ͨսʿٶȲ֪˶ٱַ˵⻹ԶԶ
ңһﵽżнײΣַȻת罣̬ˣҲ˵ԭ罣߱𡢱̬ѾĿˡȥ̸̬ԣַʹãսʱиơ
Ҫǣַһ֣µʽҲżΪеĹϵ
˵ȫˣַżн׺󣬱㷢ԿԼʱ任ңתһ˲䣬ּ˵һϵ㡣
ϵַȻԼ罣ϣּ˵ԾȻһ֡ںϡơ
ǣץסһ㣬ַ㳢ñȥںϣ
ȻַǾϲںϵУҲǹɫĴѸߡ
˵еѾ̭ȡ֮µ취ѱڵ罣ںϣ
붷ںϵĹּԳںϵһ죬ַʵҲȻһ̨ף
ңַҲڴԼĵ罣ֻһϣ׻ʲôЧأ

⣬ַ緢ԼͻȻðİףǹͺڰ͢ħᣬһЩ˴֡
ַ緢֣Щ˵ʵǿսʿħʦҲңǻʱ߶ָѰʲôһ
ǵЩַϾ͵ûпȴһֱ˹ע飬Ȼ֪Щ˵ҪѰʲôԵ޹ʳôǿߣַһֲõԤС
άܶԭص۶֮󣬾ҲûдʲôϢַҪķ˹͸Ƕڵڶµʱͻص֡
ˣַʱǹǣ˿УַҲûյԵ۶ĸϢ︡ʡ
ǿԼؾΪʲô
Զڵ۶ĺѵûյͷϢôΪʲôûж
У·ԼĻҽҲӦͷص˵۶Ͼǲ£ҲӦΪ˻ҽԼһ²ɣ
ǰɻַ˼⣬һʣҲѩħǼʱ򣬴Ϣ
һ磬ʡַܶĻŴյһڵ۶˿ӱҹͣ·һ⵱ʵ۵ϵױţ


ھʮ ۶
һͨţϿ˻ʵ۱˵֮⣬ûʲôֵעĵطûסֹ˽
ֻǻʵ۱˵ţôӵˣټŵ˿ӱҹ·˵⿴ȥעżǶôҪˡ
ǣڽӵŵĵһʱ䣬æҵַ硣
ʱַķֻдַˡ
ַ粢ûȲţſۣ΢΢ü̧ͷѯʵʲôģ
ˣ־࣬˵ʲôæһ䣺֤ѾԿˣȷ־
һ䣬ַ粻˵ǿٰż𿪣ͺȻһɫĻҾ˫ӡͼ
һͼɫַͷʱһ
ΪɫĻͼմĽԣ
Ҷ룬ַæżȡְŷһԣ۵ż
ŵݺܼ򵥣򵥵ֻһ仰۹ѩħǹ·͵Ļҽż˽ԻҵȨ˼ƣٻص۶䣡
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ŵıʼȷǳԵϣһַȷźĵһʱ䣬ﲻһɺЦĸоϾȻΪ˻ҽԼˣ
һַ̣͸о˲Եĵط
뷨ҲҲ˵ԼĽ飬ֻ˵ԼͳӵҰģԼԼػ۹飬ͱжԼֵĿܣ
Լѹ¾ԼһЩشĴ󣬵ҲͻᡰͷһԼ
ңֻΪ˻ҽһС£ͶԼ֣ĸǶҲ̫˵ȥˣ
ԣһַ֮ȷ϶ȻָֻǣΪĳЩԭ򣬲вûἰǽôһʹ顣
һԵĴַɫ˼䣬ɵЩĿַһԵŷһۣǸɫĻͼʱϣһ˿صǡ
ַ翴ı飬΢΢һ£ϵżݸƽ㿴һ°ɣ˵˵뷨
ûж룬ӹżæʱϵתΪãȻҲַһָֻƽֻȷŵ࣬ʱı鵹˲١
żֵݻַ磬΢һ£ˣµ˼Ӧòô򵥲Ŷԡ
ţҲôã˵ַ˵ͷֽżһߡ
ȣҪΪҽ͹Ļȥ·ͻҽصʱپӦЩϢǣһ֮ǰ˻ʱ򣬿ûκϢ
õַͬһķȥ·Ҫʱ䣬мһµʱ䣬²Ϊ˻ҽ˼һº󣬲ңҪǶֵĻŵĸͲ־ˡ
ַ粻ͬġšһҲ֪ҪвԼĻο϶дһͬԱǰңΪ˱ԼǽӶıҲȡŵķʽŰΧ
ǰʵǣԱ͢ħֵЩ֮⣬ָûзκ֣ңԱֱ֮뿪ˣͱûҽ˵ֻһӡ
Ϊµʲô˼ַ˼ɫ
üͷһͻȻ̽Ե˾䣺ˣûпǹǱ¶һְʾ
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ˣŷõǻɫĵ۹־ûмǴĻɫǷǳ飬õĿǲҪǣ̶̵һ仰õĹٷǻ
΢΢һǲǾڰʾһǳĹµȥٸϻȥأ
Ĺ£ַͷһ£̧ͷʵǹµĻ¸ûбҪ˵ôްɣ
仰ԲȷڶУ˵ڱΪû˵飬Ҿÿǵ·ϻ©Ҳ˵һ鲻˵ĶңҾ顭
˵ͻȻЩɡ
ַһ΢΢ƲƲ죺˵ɣҵ棬ûʲô˵ġ
ǣˡһݣ֣صҾ鲻һ£ң»ǡ
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ַͷ˼Բģ̲סһ䣺ˣô죿
ûѡַ̾˿ȥ׼׼ɣϾͳϻص۶ߵʱڣȫȨһ£㴦˵飬Ǿȷţһ˵


ھʮ ѩħǼ
ǣ磬ַټһС͵Ļ顣
ˣȬ֮⣬һѩħǼĺġ
˵ַ֪ҪͻȻص۶ʱ򣬶̲סЩ㵣Ҫ֪ʱ򣬿һܹؼʱ
ѩħǼڱϿϣʵϰﻹвò˵ѩħǼҵϻǾϣֱáͻͽݣɣЩڽ̫̫һ¡
һѩħǼٳɳٶҲԴ⣬ҵ˻ѩħǼ˽ֻǸճûõǸɼίԱᣬһǡ©࣡
ַǰһȫãǰҲֻǸ硰ˡ˵һЩ涼Щ˽⣬ϾˣĲ͸Ծɣ涼ǱϿôơ
µʱ䣬ַ翴ȻУʵϣÿ춼кܶƶϵȴǳԲߣңɶѾǴͷյ˹˵ٵˣ
ɾһЩ޷⣬ֻܻ㱨ַ磬ַڿԺٷĸˣʵʩȥ
ȻһЩֻѩħǼĺĳԱ֪еĺܶͨ˶ûʶ©緢˷֮ǰͰ©ϣֹܷĳЩĲ˽©һЩΥ涨ǵµ顣
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ֻڳ˶ַ֪Ҳѡ񣬶ֻܽɧתΪ˰̾Ϊҡͷ
ȫһ۰̾ģַʱ͸һɱϲӵĸӸоϲЩ˶벻Լ֤Լ˵ѾһλϣȴҲһ㣬ѵ뿪Լһȷû
ΪѩħǼĳԶǣַкܿһ
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ַĿɨˣңҵȻҲԶ֣һ½һȥûѡֻڴ˳һЩʱ齻λ
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һݡ
Ҵҵ۹ʲô⣬ԣǼȻҰλϣǾͱʾǾʤλõǿ¶ԼҿȷеĸǣǵֲŶҴģ
ַȴΪǲŻһоԼ޷ͻ㱨ҡΪʲôҾܴǶһˣΪʲôܴǾʹأ
һʱ䣬ϻٵĶһɫ
ԣǲǴˣֻϰˣ˶ǱƳģҲһĻᣬԶ޷ʶԼȫܴ
ַܽãһһص۶һĺûᣬϣҲֵʱ䣬һճתҲϣڵ۶ʱܵһЩֵĻϢ𣿡
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һԵĴһҧ˲࣬һ´ȱ̬ˣģڣֵһκ⣡
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󽫵ıַ̬ϵɫԻһЩ˼ˣҲ֪Ǳͷ˸ǲԸַһƬ׷׶վһһı̬
ַֽ֣ЦˣлǲȷǿӲ̬ȣ׻᲻ԤڵЧʱҲû˸ѡ񣬽һַͽɢⳡ顣
һһ߳ȥַ³һֱŵһȴ׼ϡ
ǣ˶뿪ַŷ֣һԵһֱϣûж
µʱ䣬Ѿ˼ϵ˿ڣַһģ̲סַļ򣺡˵ЩҲ㹻˽ĻΪΪԼ׼أ
ôһ˵ַ統һ£Լ˵λȷô˼вЩݸڨڨЦЦҾ̫ˡ
΢΢ͷĬһܶİĶ˵ַ磬ϵʵ̫ˣε۶æ֮ͺúϢһ°ɡ
ǰɣַûзϣңλص۶ֲԤУоʲôҪһ
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ôأַ̧ͷ
һ£Ƭ̣˵ʱְɡ
ллһΣַЦĺϡ

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ǰһֿɢʵ˾ͷɢɳеַм䡣
ҲɵĶУΧ£м仪ܱߡ
һ֮У֮⣬ѩħǼܹܰ¡ַ£ԼκʹӵĿͶˡ
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Ͼһλص۶ɲͼı췴Ҫ췴Էġ
ִ򿪳ַ罫ĿͶŵ۶ķһ
ܿ죬ͶæٷɱߣʵˣʲôԸ𣿡
ַһ£˫ƽ㣬ٶٿһ㡣




 


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۶򲻱Ϸʱڣָһ·ϣ֮Ƕź£ʿҲܹһЩ
ַ粻Ե̫ۣѾ˻£ů¯ҲѾȼܻӳͨһƬʱᴫȼյž
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ַ翴һ¼ɽϦ΢΢˿ʵھ۶жԶ
Ͷ̧ͷԶ۶ΰĽԼĪһʱ䣬ŻصˣٶȸȥòһСʱܽ۶ˡ
šַ˵ͷȻص˵۶ҲһʱͷԸʱҲˣҸطǵϢһ£֮ǰܽ۶ǾͿˡ
ǡͶӦһæǰַԸȥ
ַ磬ֹ˳ӿռָͳһõħᣬȫ˴ϡ
ĿһħʮţзģҲеȺģҪǣһ⣬ȫǸ߼ħᣬһŷŵϣһۣ
һЩȫַڴﵽֳеʱġ
ȻеһٲҲ·ʱƳġ
ԴӿдǷ⡰ʾšַܾһ쳣ǿҵĲԤУȻڵ۶ȴĽʲôΣ·Ͼ˺ܶ׼
ħᣬȻ֮һ൱ĴɱֶονǷ֮ӳȥţرֲɱЧ
ȻΪʯѷϴ½ħʦֲֿ࣬ɱֶ޷ռʱѾˡ
ǰôħᣬ´½ҲַһӵˣĿǰΪַֹռָĵѾȫ꣬ڵںϵ罣ԵʽȻӾޣȴٵĻָĵľ
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ٴ־ɭַ֣һȫµĸܡ
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ֻĿǰѾӽβ˲ʱܿһЩæظϵͨԱɭﵹ㰲
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ĿǰɫѾַһɭҲᱻ˷֣ңΪ˸ӰȫַѾһϳСķ
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ʹ˦˦ͷִ˼ַ羡Щӵͷȫѹĵף˶רĳСķȥ
ԽԽΰѩħǸۡҲ֮УԽСĿ£ַԽܿԼþҪסȥط
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СĶܹһЩױֵĵص㣬ַСıϡ
Сûκα仯ƽĺ濴صΣԶæµȺȻҲǶСǳη壬ͲСϣܶ˻ĶС
ַСԵϣѵϵ·һ߹۲ԶæµȺҲһСС
һ΢ġͨ𣬲ûԶȺע⣬ַں͸۲һۣŷĵˮﳩ
޾ĵɢںţַˮܶ฽ĵʶַһеĳ˹Χַ߻Ťϸ壬ͬһ㡣
ַɿСȻѾãҲ׺ܶС޷óƶϣҲûзϡ
ڳԼιĵַûпȫһѽӽ˿ռָЩ۵ĵַŷ۳С￴ȥСǺףĿ⣬ȻȻľͳȥ
ãһʱͷǰεĲ֮ͬ


ڶ С
͸·ĵȺַԼһ΢ĹâɹâʲôɫȥĵȺķ϶͸
һֵַʱһæٵĳ·ȥ֮ΧĵҲս˿ռָ
ܼһȺַ߶ʱ˲٣ܿ·ǺĹâƺһֵĵɫ΢΢˸ҹһյơ
ͬʱԽΣַԽᵽһֵĸо·΢΢˸ĹâǴĳصϵغȫѪڵĸоͬʱٶҲ˲١
ǱٶԽԽ죬ַҲܸоΧѹѸӣ뵽ɢѹͬʱַǱٶҲˣ
ңھżн׵ʵԭȰ˼ʱ򣬸оѹʧ˲٣Ҳԭȵٶȿ˺ܶ࣬ܿ죬ַԭȡ㡱Ǹط
һһĵɫâøˣֻϿȥ͸ʵˮصĸ㣬ַ޷浽׳ʲô飬ֻܿ˸Ĺâڸ
ңַǹɺĸо·Ҳﵽһ۷壬ЩȲҪǱȥҿСܣ
ͣڸϷַŬȶԼеļӿļǵǰʱ򣬿ɲû󣬶ǰΣҲûгɹͻƸĵط
һΣһһĹâַ̲סֺ֮ļУѵɹâԤʾͻ·
桭ࣿ
ǰԼõǸֵëʲôʣԼֿ˲һͬоȴûоʲôͷ
Ϊ³඼֪ǸëʲôϵĶ
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ȵֵַͿ·ĵɫâͻȻʢţоֻЩ飬һ̣оԼֻϴһɾ޴͸ӿ֮Уȫһۣ
ʹϵһ޴ĴӣֱӰѵϵҵķһ㣬ҵʹʶľַҪָֻȴ֣־Ǳʲôҧסһƾδ߶Ҳƶֺ
ţǹǿͻȻٶȼǿַֻǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
һַ̣Ѿ˹ȥȫصˮУȴǸһ㱡ĵɫ㣬廤סڱΧǿˮѹѹķǡ
ҲԵһ̣СεĵȺͻȻǷһˢˢĵͷˮ¿ǱСĸĵһ̣ǵõĳٻĿȫֱַָ磡
ϣͬˮµͻ䣬ƽ
ֻҹɫĽ٣Сĺӳ˼΢ĵɫâΧ𽥰£Ϊԣ
ܶԶѩħǹۡǰæǣȷƷ۽ǵ鵽Сĺ
ԭǾͶСη壬ϾʷϣżĴսʿҲ
ֻڻʼȨǱѡֻɭΪѩħǹ츮ۡ
ڣÿȻޱСģһ߿СһæĹʱ̶ĵºʲôһڽ̽
ʱһţҲ֣Сƽûֹʲô쳣ҲͽеĵģҲֻҪǾͲ⣬רæĹ
ǽ죬ۿĹ̾ѾҪβˣСͻȻɫĻƻ跢䣬ÿ˵ѹѾõĿ־ͻȻһ̲Լͬĸ
󡢴ҿܰ
֪˭һֵĺһ¾ͽĿ־峹׸
ǣһ˺ѷεĺдȺвϷڣŵһɭܵĽŲԽԽæƷƴĳɭȥ
ڴͷľ£˶ʹ˳̵ľһ߻ŵɫâĺķһƴܡеûп·ײϣײͷѪǸоʹһŬܡ
е˲СĽһڵأҪӣȴ뱻ӿȺһ¾ûȺҲ֪ȺǷһ
ڼȿֻ֮УæڽѩħǸۡǶʱһգӳɭ֣ûע⵽ǺĹâֻһСͳʧָֻԭƽ֮УǴûзʲôһ
ʱһţ̫ȥ߸ڿУСĺϣ¹⡣
ЩӳȥǸͲӻص۶ܳɭֺ󣬾;صȴŴѵ٣ǣһȾ͵ȵ߿գɭﻹûʲôﶼֹԼǲ̫ˡ
ǣֵһûʲôЩ˲̽Եɭ֮С
ڡ
֮ǰϵĹâȥʱ򣬺׵ַ类ҧסǸָʹӸϻΧһԷӵĵȺڵȵ˻һһ¾ͳַΧ£ȥ壬ζȥ
ʱַѵ˫ۣоЩͷʹѣʹҡҡͷԴѾ˺ܶ࣬һۡ
һԾķ֣֪ʲôʱԼѾ˺ףСΣԼ£вٵСԼӣܵΧ£ԼΧ
ĿƬַ̣Ȼ֮ǰں׷飬ļǵãǿһֱҵķǵʹǣڡ
ַһֱۣоûʲô쳣
ֻһ˫ȣҲоûʲô쳣
һַæ⿪һֻȥһҲûʲô쳣
һͬʱַҲһɻѵղһֻǳô
Щַ΢΢һ£󶼽ս˿ռָҲͬʱȥ
Ϳ͸·ȥ֮ķ϶һ΢Ĺâ
֮ͬǰĺһΣǹɹâȻָֻԭ΢ȴȶˣһյ򿪵ħƣâǿһֱź㶨״̬
ַ׸ղһоԲһô򵥣
ȻڸоַãԼԭȾԱòͬˡ
ɵﲻַͬ˵
żûżַܲЩ꣬ץסһιĵһ飬ҪѵڵĵսԼ
һգȴһ¾ַסˣҲҵ֮ǰĲ֮ͬˡ


 Զɳ
һѵڵĵսַʱͷԼѾ˾޴ı仯
ȣǶǾԶĻƽʱ״̬ĻǾǶκһ仯ġ
ڣȴԶĿʼɳΪٿһ
ȻֳɳٶȺܻҪʱʱ̶̿״̬ܺͣҲһֲ֣
Ͼڴﵽʥ֮ǰǾżսʿǾżħʦɶҪԷˮé޵ġЩʱ㲻ʲôҪǰÿ컨ЩõʱȫҲ൱ɹۣ
ңÿҲÿʮĸСʱȫϣսʿÿҲҪСʱ˯ʱ䣬ħʦǣȻڤķʽ˯ߣħʦЩٵİۣҪоʵÿʱҲޡ
֮⣬ÿͨ˲춼ûϣҪеΣÿһ˶ҪΪÿеλʱ䣬ܰѳԷˮϲ֮ʱ䶼õϣ
ȫһÿһлϵʱԲᳬķ֮һ
˵ÿͨ˼˷ѵһķ֮
Ҳû취Ϊÿͨ˶ˣм˲ŻѴʱ䶼ϡ
ڣַȴǴƽ⣡
ûʱڵĶ;ȴҲỺĽ
Ҳ˵κ˷ѵʱ䣬û˷ѣ˳Էˮ˯ϲȵȵʱ䣬Ҳ൱
Ȼ;ٶȶûͨսʿħʦ״̬ٶȿ죬һпɶڡʶ״̬ɵģ߸ûκεĿɱԣ
ңַ绹Գʱ
ңֹڴˣַ绹֣;ͬʱڵ罣ȻҲԶںϣԲٿأҲŶ;ںš
ڵǹɵսڵʱ򣬻Ծķ֣ԼĶǾֻڻںϵĵ罣һ̣ǱһѸһ飡
ζţġɳмİģ
һ㣬ַ̲סȻԼû򷽲ˮʹһĻʧʲôõ˾޴ĺô
ʲôַæˡںϵ罣ԡ״̬ʽżн֮ѾʹˣҲǽĿǰЧõʽ
ȻںϵĹУ罣ԵĦҲһֵģҪʹõвˣСУ˵ȡ֮֮ߵġ
û˵ĺ֮ǣַȫĵĽ״̬УǣֻǶ̶һСַģƵһΣ
Ҳˮʱ򣬲ٽѩħǹۡҲѾصɭ֮УЩ˼СĺָֻһͬʱСĺ棬Ҳɵһȫ
ǣһЩӱȽϴˣͿʼŽӽСЩߵ߽۲ʱ򣬻ûзʲô쳣̲ס͸۲
Щ˵ĽӽԽԽҲ̲סеĺ泯С˹ȥһʱ䣬СıϣԽԽЩǵӶˣȴǶСֻСı͸۲š
ˮУַ״̬ѹѾϲ
֣ԼʱڵĶ͵罣ԵںٶҲڳɱ
ٶȥټϲ״̬ʱĻҪֻǰÿһЩʱĻż۷壬Ѿǰˣ
ǣϲͬʱַﲻҲԽԽСɻ
Ϊʲôڱ˵СһأԼ˵ȴһ֮أ
ַţϸżȻз鶼ǣСЩ󣬾Ŀǰ˵Ѿϵˡ
ѵһоֻáżȻ

ȻַڻҲһеԭ򣬵ţһʵİԼǰֻǣһ죬ж೤ʱ䣿
ַ粻֪Ҳȥ룬뵽˴ʱļҲƽ˼Ҳʵ
һʵַһȻʶԼղŻ˲֪ã
̧ͷ߸ߵˮ棬ûַ֪ڿѾϡ
һ뵽Լִص۶ĸۡڻȲԼҪٳʲôӣǡ
ҪǣҲһΪķ֪ԼѾص˵۶Լڻû¶棬Ǿ̫˵ȥˣ
뵽˴ַҲûʱȥϽܼĵطȥ־ͽƬƬĵȺӽ˿ռָ
еĿռָĲʱֳһۣǹ΢Ĺâɺ㶨ҧҧԺпյʱСһˣʱٳײף
ԥٳȥǣҪӽϵʱϴֵȺһæֹסϸ塣


 ƽ
ͣˮ治Զˮ£¹ⰵ͸ˮ棬ַ绹ܿΧڰߣһߺĳˮţһ߸̸˻ʱسָָ㡣
Щ̸һԵúң͸ˮ棬ַ˵ʲô˶ΧڰߣַﲻɵЩͷ
ģ¹⣬ַϡֱЩϵķΣͷͬʱҲ֣ЩΪԼ츮ۡˣܵʲô
ô˵棬ɲô߳ȥСˡǳģ˭֪߽ȥˣû߳
ڣһѩħǹķΣҪǾôȥЩ˿õѩħǹȻӳ˺˳ǻᴫʲôӰ죿
ַɲðգ
ǣЩ˵˼һʱҲɢȥַ粻Щż
ˮ¿һǾһЩֶܰϵΧȺϾЩ˿϶Сη壬ȻĻ¾ͲΧڰôˡ
ԼһЩ飬ȺӦûʲôѶȰɣ
ȻַҲȷҲûİ취ֿƬַ֮ˮһξ룬ͳСĵȥ
СȻȴַֻһ󣬾ѾСĵϡ
ֳһξ룬ȷ¶ͷʱֹסӣȻ󣬳Ĭһ£Ե׺Ȼϣ
ȻΧ¶һ¾ȴλðİҲܱ߷֮أһַ̣罫΢΢𣬾ٵλãҪأȻȥ˰ϵǲ㶷
˲䡪
źչַΪĵ㣬Χˮʱ½ȣۿɼٶɱ
ңһ̣׵ĹâʢǹɺصĸоҲʱ
Χ۵ȺûüκηӦʱ򣬾͸оһصϢͻȻӭ˶ʱʶĻæǾͽ¹⿴Ӻĵλãһ㾧ɫıѸӣ
ͻı仯һ¾ٶȼȺеĿ־壬˻ŵĺвѾֳɭķʼˣºѸӵıԼҲɽȥ
һʱ䣬հûõȺһ˻׷ɢȥֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬰߾Ѿ˳
ûע⵽Ӻӵǲ㣬Ѿֹͣӡ
СУַ˿ֿЦõĸоոȥ罣Ķֻһ˲䣬ѾΧˮȫȻҲ͸㿴ܵЩˣڣ鶳סѾʧȥĻ
Һãԭɽ壬ַ粢жô䣬ǣȫ¶Ѿ˱УңΪ޴󣬲ֱ飬Ѿоܵ谭
ҪǲϽ뵽İ취ôȥõѩħǹϢˡ
ҲʷϵһԼˡ
룬ַڲܻ֮£ֻԼǰλʹһռ𵴡
ӵоżнʵʹóĿռҲҪ֮ǰΧ࣬ʱҲӳ˲٣ֻǰĿռ΢΢һ£вٱıӭַϡ
ַҲתЩڻҲڸճһЩɻĿռ
ǣַûԥϵĵ罣ٶȸһַ罫罣תΪ˻ԣ͵سͷնȥҲڽӴͷͬʱȥ˰ǲ㶷
˲䣬ֻꡱһը׵𣬻Եһ¾ڻͷı棬ַʱûðͷ̰ĺſеʿҲԶЩܵǡ
ղͻȻġꡱȻԶԶ˳ȥЩܵǶУЩܵĸŬˣ˶ȿֺĳɭķȥ˭Ҳһͷһۡ
ᣬַæ˱ϣһעЩܵˣҲһ߳ߵķȥ
СȻ󣬵򲢲ȫǣܵľͷַ֡ͨһˮٶȳȥ
ȵεߣַ˿һϰһϻˮΣҲ̫۵Ķٶȳɭ
һͷߵĶ԰һۣûע⵽ԼַһֱŵĲ
ֹ۲һܣȷܲûκ˳ûſٵԼһʪ·öϵˮΣӿռָȡһոµ·æ
ø·֮󣬽ԭ·ӽռַָҲʲôôȫٶȳ۶ȥ
뿪ãǲȴĻȥ
˭֪ܶȱˮҪСŻḡˮϣǣһӴıȴƶһ㣬ˮ˻ָζĵȺһ·³ȥ
ӹǣ³ٶȲԽҲ죬ȴҲ˿ܵˮԽԽѹӰ죬һ·ͨĳ˸λã˳˳˸㣬ʧС
ûע⵽һĻƽ


 
ɫʯ¡
Ĺ̻Ȼ˫ۣɫһ䣬Ȼתгȥϣ׼ôˣ
гԭȥŹһ̻ʵѯʣһ£׹̻ΪʲôͻȻѯ⣬һ£ǻش£еļ嶼Ѿ׼һԤº׼ˡ
˵̻صɫæһ䣺ģЩȫѡģԲκ⡣
ǿɭأ̻ʽѯʡ
г΢΢һѾѪȫںˣٻҪٵһ£һºʵȫ
˵䣬гֲĵĲ£֪ǰѼƷȫʧˣһΣɭȫںϣ˵ĸʷǳҲð̫գԲںѪ֮ǰȶʹѹƹ⻷
ܺã̻̾һֻҡҡͷϣǱüӿٶˣܸоʥսѾԶˣεʥս˼ȫչ֮ǰǱҪ㹻ʥսʤ
ô죿гȫһʶԼʧ̬æһҡ֪ˣɭһɹҾͻѾȫĺϡ
䣬ŷĵĵ˵ͷתȥŷɫʯٴα۾
ڰ
ںڰеĺڰ̻ͻȻоڵĺڰһӿʱ͸оһ̲סһѪ
³̲Ѫڰ̻ʷ·޷Լ۾ѵ
˵ţڰ̻ʵ˫ͻȻһĨϲæ۾״̬ΰ񰡡Ҫ𣿡
˵䣬ڰ̻ʾͱտڲԡ
ãڰ̻ʻȻ˫ۣͻȻתȵᡪ
ԶԶȥһһ˺ڰ̻ʵǰ£ʲôԸ
˲һڣͷɫҲǴɫֻ԰׵ĽûһѪɫȴγĶԱȣȥֲʵĸо
ڰ̻ʾעˣͻȻڵᣬǵļ嶼Ѿ׼𣿡
£Ѿͷˡƽ졭֮׼ˣţ͢һϵõκκô
ôҵгڰ̻ʳһ£ʵأ
ҡھż۷塣ص̾һ˵Ŀռ䷨ʵ̫ˣҸ޷㡣
˵䣬Ⱥڰ̻ʽӻһҧȻģڰ͢ϺȣʱȻܽʥҾ׼
ұҪһǻ쵼ߣڰ̻ɭȻɵԣµʱڣҪﵽʥ򣡡
¡ͻȻõٸʩѹˣڣܳɹʥȻòܳɹǻ޲ôһֱţһҺϸ쵼ߡ
ڰ̻ͫȻһᣬ죬û˵ʲô


ַӿ־ɭܿЩӴȺߣȫ۶ķȥڿҪﵽ۶ĳſʱŷٶȣ򵥵һǱſȥ
ȻѾһոµ··ϣҲѩħǼı־ſڳ۶ȥʱ򣬲ûзڳſڵʿע⵽󣬳ߵʿ˵˾䣺һѩħǼĽˣƣ˵ѩħǹˣȥ֪ͨһ¡
һԵʿӦһתȥˡ
ַ籾˲ûע⵽ϸڣڽ۶;ֱԳԼۡķȥȻʱѾҹʱûеʱ䣬ԣ۶ַҲ˼Ŀ֮ȫ·ʱѾص˵۶ò˶೤ʱܻصԼĸۡˡ
ǣַ翴ģʵһֱ·Լۡķţ·ȻҲԲȥõѩħǹоȻѡǲУԣַ·Ҳûж룬ֻһѩħǼλ΢ߵˡ
ַ˺һͻȻ֣ԼһЩطܻĿһЩЩףʼʱҲû⣬ʱţע⵽Щƺһֱ͸ԼԼߵǾͳΪֵƵʶˣַоԽԽ죬вɵþ
ϣַһɢģʵѾſ˾εľΧһЩϤףȻһּΪľķʽΪЩ˵ĳַ֣ﲻԤбǿʱһģ㲻ʲô
ַһֱЩˣҲͬʱķԼĸۡȥ
һ·ַȷЩ˵ȷڸԼˣвЩŭ
⽫Щ˴һСͬڣ߳СͬսǵʱַٵΧһۣطǱȽϿտһЩûע⵽˴ǣȻͬۻӣʱͿиٵһóԼ
òͨҲһ㣬Ҫַעһ·һǵĳࡣ
Էû뵽ַͻȻ۷񷽲һСַǡ
ǣСͬյģʵûʲôһСģַ糯ԼԽԽ˲ɫһѹסĽţĿǰҲӭ泯ַȥװֻ·Сͬһͨˡ
ַһ߳ȥҲһڰй۲˵ı飬ͬʱɢȥľҲЩԼˣѾܺõΧĵȫһҳҪǲһЩ󶯾Ļº
ĵ۶ǣַʱΪԼ̽ӾͰֵ̫Ҳ˾ƻΧĽ˱ˣԣܿ˾Լ̽ӣȰѾǰԼӭϡ
ǣַ綨˶񣬿ʼܻĴԼˡ
Է˼ַôĶԼһ飬µͷۿͿҪַˣֻǿлţⲻַĿ⽻ʣҲӿ˲ַȥ
ȻԽַӵһַ̣ͻȻһֱֱӵǰ
˶ʱʶãʲôһףֱӴַ첲˹ȥҲʵȫٳͬȥ
ַȻתһɫѾҪ˺ͬҲ˲࣬ȫ׷ȥ
ھżн׵ʵֻĹ׷˶Էǰһֺֻץס˵һֱֱֽۣקص˺ͬ
˱ַ͵һקһûзһ¾ͳȥ˵ϣ̧ͷʱ򣬾ͷַѾǰӸµԴźң˭ģ


 ۶ˮ
˵仰ʱַҲһץס˵죬
ȴӭԼĿﲻ˿η壬Ͷ·֮£ĻʧȻôַЦ
ٺٺٺ١˵ЦǶôɤжסһ
ַһһ䣬ͿֿѾðɫѪʱʶãæѸٽɢҪٴЩԼˣŸһɢȥַʧķ֣Լ̽Ӳ֪ʲôʱѾʧˡ
ջؾֽĿ˵ϣͷѾ˰ۣɫѪڵϣðһ̡
쵰ַ粻ŭһ䣬ֽɱһԣɢɨһȦûзκ˺΢һ£ߵʬǰҪѳһЩмֵ
ǣַ缸ѱȫ˾ҵö֮⣬ûҵʲôмֵƷ
ĬƬַ̣վʬһۣķŭ߳ͬԼĸۡķȥ
һ·ϣĺܲãԭΪϵǷⰵʾţô˴λص۶ǱѰȴҲû뵽ԼŸ߽۶ĳţȻһԼˣٶ˼֡
عأȻԴ˺ͷַҲѾȫ˷棬һ߿ٸϻԼĸۡһʱɢ۲ΧȺ
Ҳ֪ǲΪݱ¶ȥ·ϣһֱ֮ۡǰַûٲԼˡ
ߵѩħǹۡǰʱԶԶǰһ¾ϳַ磬æַ˷ܵĺһ䣺ˣ˻ˡ
ַ̾˿æջؾ첽ǰȥûͿͶӸۡ˳
Ͷ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһ۾Ϳַ磬ϸϲͬʱҲæַ첽ӭȥ
ˣˣͶϲлԴżϻһ˿ƣȻڻ֮һֱûгʱ任
ַߺ󣬿ַɫЩ̫ÿ̲ס˾䣺ˣʲôˣ
ȥ˵ַ˰֣ͶȥһصĿ⣬Ͷʱ⣬Ȼûʲôɫ˲١
Ͷǻص۶ʱûзʲô飿ַһߴſͶۡȥһѹѯһ䡣
Ͷ˼һ£΢΢ҡҡͷͬСǻ֮󣬾һֱڸۡڵûãݹ֪صϢǹһˣڸֻۡȥˣǵʱȥ֪ͨһ
ַ֪Լô˺ƺƵķص۶סˣͷһ䣺ʹǱأ
һΣͶûκԥҡͷûκϢ
شַ粻üͷԼĳӶ˵۶ôʱ䣬ϲ֪ܲھȻûټԼϢʲôأ
ûдټԼϢҲżһ·ַ˰߽Լĸַۡɨæµˣ̲סʵأô
ˣԴǻصۡһֱҺһ£˳ȥתתܲѰҵʼʱȳȥظۡһûҵֽųȥˡ
˵Ͷ̧ͷһɫԼʱͿ쵽ˣӦÿˡ
ţȥϢһɣˣ͸һȥҵ鷿ַ˵ͷҪֱԼķȥ
ͶӦתȥͻȻ뵽ʲôϽʵˣҪҪȥ֪ͨݹ
ַͣ½Ųһ£ת˵㲻ùˣȥϢɡ
ǡͶٶ˵ʲôӦ֮ת뿪ˡ
ַһ߳Լȥһ߿ŵҪҪ֪ͨһʵ˵밲ݷֱôãһ·۶ȻΪ۶ľЩܼݶ˵Ҳһֵε顣
Ϊ˴˴λص۶ʱٽ׼һݷ׼͸ݡң֮ǰҹһˣʱȥ֪ͨһ£ݿ϶ᵣ
һص۶Լһ·̽飬ַ粻ɵЩԥˡ
һ֪ͨݣݿ϶ԼЩ̽ӵı󵽵ʲôˣԼʲôڻһŲ֪һԼΣô죿
һ·ַȥ֪ͨһƾԼڵʵʥ֮˵ԼĿ»࣬˰ôң˵Ҳ޲֪һЩϢ
ǣַҵ˰£ȥԼ֪ͨݣ˳㻹ⶣ£ðһ·϶СģʱעΧ
ַȻصԼķڣȡһЩһ·ĵĶ;ϴһ壬ȷ;Զĳɳ鷿
һ߽鷿ַͷͿͶȴԼΥַ鲻ԺһЩ¶ЦݣƽҾͷˡ
ԴƣһƤǺ£ڵ۶ʱ䣬ϵѾȥ˲٣ԸҲַ࣬磬ƣҲ¶ůЦݣ۶һֱ̫ƽҲల¡
ӵһ£еĽ̸˼䣬һԿĿͶĽ飬ͶҲ֪Լǲִˣ;ĿţҲ졣
ַҲڻɵʱֻǸ̸һС󣬱⣺Ҳڵ۶ʱ䣬ûзʲô飿
ûаģЩãȻ֪дַϵݡ
ַҲ˵棬Ͱȥ֮Ƿϵݼ򵥵˵һ£ֲȻû˵϶ǳ˺ܴ飬ѵڵ۶һֱûʲôϢ𣿡
ַĽüͷ˺һ̽Ե˵һ䣺һ֮ǰ°˼еϳ㲻мֵϢ
һ⻰ַһ£ȥ־źԼ·ĵЩʱ䣬պҲһ£ǸʱҲӦǵϸոԼдŵʱ򣬶ͬʱְ˼еϳѵҲԼйô
˼Ƭַ̣о޷ɻһ䣺֮⣬ûд飿
һΣ˼˺ܾã󣬻Ǻȷҡҡͷ
ַﲻ̾һϵıܹĻһĺð
Ƿʲô飬ֵȥϢģ
ŵĹһԿõĿͶͬʱĬԥһ£ѯʵˣʱǲʲô飿
ôһᣬַ˱̽Ӹٵ飬ͷһ۶ź󣬾ͷְоȻֲ˸ҡ
˵ţַͰѺ˵һ飬󲻽̾һ䣺Щ̽ӵʲô˵ָʹûһҸһžͱ۶ˮѾ޷жˡ
һ⻰ͿͶһۣ̲סһͬʱĬ
ַ翴ģЩݸЦõģѾص۶ˣ׷ʲôҾ֪ˣǵ˳Ŷעһ㡭ţˣʱȲҪΡ
ǣˡȻͬӦ໥˸һۣܴӶԷϿԵĵǡ
ַ绹˵ʲôȴʱͻȻ洫һߵŮַ磡ҳ


 Ц
Ů߷ַŭίȻĴ鷿˵Ķһ֪ǴԶŴ󴫹ġ
ַϵֻпͶǺȷĵһ䣺ǰݹ𣿡
ͷͶʱ͸ʹһɫ⣬ֽһɫ󣬾һͬվַһַ磬ȻݹˣҾ͸ͶȻȥˡ
ַѾõһ¾ЩͲסôֵʱеˣʱ˸ԼˣȷûҪѯʵˣҲͰ˰֣ȥˡ
뿪鷿ַҲ˳ȥŸۡſڵķȥ׼ȥӭӰݡ
һѾۡѲߵһãȻ׵ĸ󵨵ļһֱԼҹ˵֣ҲףԼҹ˵ģ۹Ҳû
ԼְڣѾ׷׳嵽˸ۡſڣҪ˭ôţַһ·ϻɳſڳȥ˰֣ǸظλͬʱҲӿԼµĲ
ַҪӽۡǰʱ򣬾ͿѾкܶۼǴ󲿷ֶѾ彣һλö׼˸ۡſڣУеѾὣ˳ȥ
ЩȻûдͷˣÿһ˷·֪վʲôλȥˣһжԵþȻ򣬲ӵҲ
ַ罫һпⶼʱĵ̳ɹĿһԶԶûʲô飬ǶصԼλȥɡ
һ˵һֱŶſڵǲע⵽ǵĹѾԶԶ˹ʱвźǸŮ˵ݣæַһ֮󣬾ʼɢˡ
ȫɢȥַ֮߳˸ۡſڣ˳ſڵҲʱȥ󣬲ŽĿ˽ĳϡ
ȻԶ֮⣬һƥӺҹ֮пٱףֱտƤŮӵķŭ顣
ĿٽӽַҲϵŮǳ˼ĺİݣǣŭʱȻһæ첽ӭȥ
ݣ𣿡ַԶԶǲǳʲôˣ
ûлشַ磬ûûпַһǰ
ַﲻɵЩƣ˵ôʱ䲻Լǳʲô飬ҲӦ̬ȲŶԣΪʲô
룬һŭİѾǰ
ַٶȲһҧɴֱӱ˫ۣ·м䣬İݾԲԼϾô̤ȥ
ϵİݼַյ˫ۣһϵķŭʱȫޣŵקƥ

˻йĵ̰һ㣬ĺҹ
ַ˫ۣͿһǰþԼͷǰλãϵҧڣڰŬĿ֮ǰƽַǰĿյϡ
ԼӮˣַһݣ¶ЦݹɵҾ֪һײ
쵰Ϊʲô㿪ݵߣֻǻôʣһΣҿĻײȥģ
һΣҲԲһΣַѾɿߵİݣ̲סһüë٩С椣δɷǸմԶ㲻һҲͰˣײңҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɣңҼǵҺûеĵطɣ
ɻǰѰݸסˣĿַ磬ϵŭɫǵûʧŨһִֻӻͳһƴСӣһѳַ˹ȥﻹ޺޵
ҲҪҲδɷԺ㲻Ҫң
˵䣬Ҳַ磬һȻôֵͷȥ
ַסӹСӣͷһԼȥ̧ͷûݻ˼ʱ򣬾ͿѾɱȥˣֻһˮ״ӭƮ˹ƮԼϡ
ŽԶİݣַһ˲Ȼȥʵǲ֪ΪʲôͻȻԼôѪҲףһ³
룬ȥϵˮ״ʱСӽռָַæȫ׷ȥ
ȻһַٶȣϱܵĿͲʲô£ûöַܵ˰ݵߣͬٶȣ󺰵ݣ㵽ôˣ
Ʋһۣû˵ֺݺݳ¿һӣҪַ˦ں档
ַˣﲻɵЩˣǰһۣû˻ڵ͵һм밲ݼľ룬һ½µĲͻȻһ´ӵϵֱӳϵİȥ
һֱעַ磬ԼһɲӦʱ򣬾͸оַѾסԼҲһֱӴϹȥ
ַرŰݣԼǣڵϹüȦ󣬸оһۣײһǽ˲űͣ
һͣĸˣַ籧ͬʱҲ̲סһ䣺ңΪʲô
ݷ·ַ仰סˣַֹͣ紭˿ѹһǿѹ֣Ĳ֪㵽Ϊʲô̬ȣҴӦ㣬ֻҪ˵Ҿͷſ㡣
ߣݾǿһ̧˹۵ԴԹַ磬һ֮ǵģֱ׳ӦңŮˣΪʲôһǧ˵ŮӲţΪڵ۶ʲô֪ôŮȥΪս
һ䣬ݼǺ˳

ðɡ
仰ַһ£ţѹȫһɨգȡ֮ģһЦȴָоεĸ顭
ԭȻôһƵᡭ
ŰŭϳĹĵ˫գһ޲һڰԼ˵ӣַûסʱͷĴЦ

ˬʵЦԶ˻ͬʱ˺ҹոսʱһƬĵ۶һ˿


ڰ ɵ
㡢㡭Цʲô
ݴסˣߵı黯ãֽҲΪԼھٳַ֤֮ᵱԼధȵȡô룬ȴ벻ַʱȻЦ
ַһҪЦģֻеί缸αҲһ
ԼΪǰ˶ڵ۶ѧϰ飬˲Զ齨һǧ˵ĺţص۶ȻЦԼ
⡭ֱ̫ˣ
Цյ˳ųһֻһסַͣһ˫ﲻֲĸˮȴƫƫǿͷˮۿ
ַһסͣûЦŰһȴβסдӣҲЩۣһֻҪȥϵۣɰȴһ´Ļַƣһߴӵһߴң
ŰԶȥ̧Ÿ첲ͷģַҲæ𣬿׷һѴӱֱסĶߣɵϡ
ɵϣͻȻڴϣøίˡ˳졢ЦԼҲˣȻԼɵϣ⡭ʵ̫
һ뵽ݶʱʹţſңȻҾͽˣ
ȻַһݣһʼȻû϶˵ҪԼĻڣ˵Լ˼νסͬʱַıҲݣҽͣ
ҲŲҪͣſңԽԽ󣬵Ŭ޷ɹѵʱһᣬɤӴе˷ˣ
ӳ֣ĽֵԶԶ˳ȥ
ѩħǹۡЩϳǰԼҹ˵ǸŮˣ̲סЩ棬ѵԼҹ˵Ϸɣ׼ӲϹˣ
Ȼжɻ󣬵ȴԼĸλֻ䣬š
仰װַƼˣ˲˵ЩĻϽڰݶ߽͵ݣ齨ǧ˵ŮӲд㣬Ƕܵѵ֮УңǽҪս
ҲҲſңҡԴ
ַһݣҪǲŵĻȥʰ£ȥʿͶȥΣȥҴÿһˣǣȻ齨ŮӲţڣÿһ˵Ӷ֪
ƭң˶£ôܲ˵أȻǿҷѾС˲٣ȻǽַĻ˽ȥ
ַоһŲǣȥֵһ˵Ϊ飬ۼΪʵܶ飬ֻۿȷʵԣ仰㲻ǵˣѵͲܸңҲǸԼһѵȷ۹ô𣿡
һΣû˵Ҳ֪ǲЩˣֻԵŤŤӣȴδڣһĹĵģ
ʱ򣬲ٵ۶Ѳ߾˷ŰѾӳֵͷٳ˰Χ˹
ЩѲ߾ܵһʱ򣬾ͿǰӰ϶ŰɫĶҹΪۣͷһԹԡսʿԼܲ˰
ְЩ˻ӲͷƤΧȥԭӦ˵ġſǸŲ̊ʣȴΪϰɫĶʱ˶
ַݽֹͣһЩضҲԼĶ˻ȥ
ףݲǹԼֻ̫ȱȫˣһĳЩĵҥԣͺ׵޿ɾҩˣ԰Σ񡭡Լһ
ʱԼȥͣԼ齨ŮӲžĳŮӺˣԶû˽͵Ļᡣ
ַҲע⵽˽Χ£Ѳ߾ɨۣһ£ѡڰݶߵ˵
ģȥֵʱҾԲһȥһڵ۶ͷҲᰵֽˣҵһ˿ص֤ݣұ֤Ӵ֮󣬾ȥ㣬Ҳȥɧ㣬ٳǰ
Ҷ˵ô໰ֻ㡭ַ紭˿סݵִһЩҲΪЦʧȥ㣬֪Ҳһ
ǣǡƺҪҳַ绰е©ַ˵ô࣬ҲоеһʱԴһţ߶䣬ȴû˵һĻ
ͬһʱ̣ߵѲ߾ѾΧ·ѩħǹۡǰһѲ߾ûüǰȥʱ򣬾洫˲Ǽҹ˵飬Ϲʲôģ
һ⻰ͷѲ߱￩һŤͷͷȻѩħǹĸۡæͣ½Ųֹס˼ǰȵȣȱǰˣ
һߣȻûѲ߾һܵѩħǼġѡԶԶַͰϵĻΣ֪˵ݲһ㣬Ǿݣ뵽ѩħǹĸۡҲͲ³ַݡ
ǣһУôëļһǰһȺ˶ηηĲǰһѲ߱͸ȺǰһַͰݣɵֵιôͣˣûǸеıǸŮ𣿡
˵ţһһǰѲ߱ӡ
ѵûûǿɶǹү𣿣ǰ˶ʱͷݺݵصһۣһۣΪܹܵô

ַѾԶüǰ˵һ䣺ݣǻȥ˵𣿡
ʶľͷﻹЩʣȴֲ֪ʲôطһʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǸôӦǸþܾˡ
ַȴô࣬ɲô˿ԼݡЩԥɿݣܺ󣬾һץס֣˵ֱֱԼۡķȥ
ȻвʣʱҲַܾ磬ַǣԼ֣һ·ư͵Ļصַĸ֮ۡС
һַ߽ۡվǰһ£󣬱Űһֱȥһ·ϣҲ·ԼͶʲôĿ⣬ߵڵĻ԰ͣ˽Ų
ۡͲ󣬻԰ȻҲܴ󣬴Լһƽ׵С԰ﹲ̳ΧǸ߸ߵİɫΧǽĺǸɾһɫĴʯש
ʱѿ԰໨䶼ѾƷָɫɫĻַĻ԰һӦȫ
һ߽԰ŵڿ㣬ϻÿľ޼԰ĺҹȥܰ
ݲôˣַΪʲôԼ԰Ļ˲٣Ҳࣺ㡭ʲô


ھ ַ
ҡַûнͣ˵仰ɿݵ֣¿һۣеһ̳˽ȥ
ֵؿַ粻˹ڻæµʲôӣоԼһֱַǣŵֻͻȻɿֿյĸо̲סһ䣺ڸʲôѽ
䣬ֱַӣ̧ͷݣͻȻֿ͹Цȱ۾Ҳ֮ǰһҪ𣿡
Ϊʲôݲüɻ
ַһ£Ѿժµļ仨˻̳˰ߣ΢΢һ΢Цȱ۾Ҫ׼͸һϲ
ϲ۾һ£ȴָһɻ󣬲ʲôϲ
ַ̾˿΢΢˼󡰆һԼ˺һ鳤Ȼ۳˫㣬ڰǰҪ۾ϣû⿪֮ǰǧҪ⿪ҲҪ߶ô
ݻǲַ˼ַҲٶ˵ĲѾ˰ݵ˫ϣתݵ󣬽ϵ˰ݵԺ
ҪҲҪժַ翴Űݾ˫Ҫҿӣæظһ䣬ȿݻֳֻ֣ŸղŵĻ̳˽ȥҰܳʱ䣡
˵䣬ԥһ£ڵ˵ͷŷĵֿʼڻ̳Ѱɫÿ޵Ļ䡣
ַԻһϲͨң磬ҲûһܶྭܿĻĻɫȴҪһǸḻ˲٣ڻ̳æ͵һһϻкֻ䡣
Ҳû룬ɫޣĻ䣬ַժϾԼһ԰ҲõĳЩжԡ
ֻǲһĹ̳Ļͱַժȥ˴롣
ַӻ̳ʱ򣬾ͽЩʻĻȫ˺ʣµĻȲӻ˻̳
ԼѾһŵĻַȽӽռָ΢˼һ£һ̳УѰһ಻ʺɫ䣬Ȼϵףǰһ˺סһʻĻ
˿Ѿ֧ףַҡҡͷҲӽ˻̳֮С
һ£ժһʺɫöʮһ䣬ȻǺõ壬εм񣬿ʺɫĻַ罫ռָУȡǰһŸɫĻţ˵ߣ΢ЦųŰ˹ȥ
ߵߣַǰԸоЩٵĺ
ǸоַѾӽԼʶľ͵˵㡭
ꡪַһָڰϣҸѾ׼ˣҪ⿪ϵĲʱȲҪۣ𣿡
šݲĴһ䣬оԼѾ
ַգߵһֻǸһֻֽ⿪ڰϵĲ
˲䣬䣬˵ϣǿסû۾صȴһ̾ϲķ
ַ߻ذǰݽյ˫ۣһ
һ̣ЩţΪҪһŵһ顪飡
һţַͲɵЩԥŵ׸õô˵źá
ʵԭַһ۶ȫΪϵǷţû뵽ôҪ԰顣
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֪ڿԼνͣڰݵҲ˽٣ֻԼ飬˵Ĺϵһܳ²Ľ١
ԼڵʵҲˣһĻ˵Ǿ˿ɹܶ˸߸˧ʲô֮ǣңҲðٵȵ̫ˣ
ɹؼǡ׸ô˵أ
ѵҪ˵
С椡ҿ㳤ĲСģ⣬ʹҰɡô˵ǲе̫ˣҲԼΧ
ǡ
װһģ֣˵ݣһֵֺˣҪһòŮҹ˾ʱΪˣԸԸŮأ
ô˵ǲеаˣ
Ҫٻһ汾װİݣ֪ԭֻˣ̫¶ˣǱȡһ߹Ůˣÿһ˶ҪȥѰ߹ǣؿھͻʹҵ߹ǡŻŻвУҲ̫ˣ
ҲַŬ˼ʱ򣬰ݸоΧʵ̫ˣЩ£оԼٶҲﵽһޣ̲סһ䣺ַ硭㻹𣿡
Ϊʱ俴ΧĿ־֮£ҲЩ
ַһ⻰еʱһݣȻȻæڣڣȱ۾
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ַգɴһҧĻעһ㶷Ȼȥ
Ȼŷɵһ߶ʱֻ
ۡ
ַĿ֮±΢һһŵĻ꣬ȴڿɢƵ
̧ͷſнƮĻַ꣬粻ԥӿռָͳǶʮһ컨ڱ󣬵ϥȥݣ۾ɡ
һ̣ڰ۵һɲǣƮĸɫ׷˵ϣҲ˰ݵϡ
ݸո۾Щģǣ¹⣬ɷɫʱоһ϶д˳Ծ
Űбǹɾϲϥŵַܺʱ˵ĴӱȡһѶʮһʻݵǰ˵
ݡѾˣﱻģ㶼ݲˣ֮Уδı䡣Ҳллĵĵȴʱ䡣ڽУϣǿԽĳܰ飬ԡԸҵ𣿡
˵ţַӿռָȡ֮ǰǸСӣҲһݵ˰ݵǰֽ򿪡
ںĺȻһĴĻɫʯһĵӣֵַʱĳַ
ַյ֮룬ʹ΢һɫαʯڱʯһЩȥƺҺһ¾ͱʻ
һСλɫʯַֿݵԸҵ͸㣬𣿡
ŽڶߵǰڵϵˣȻоЩͻأĵȴڵȵһ죬ۿһ죬һ˫۾Ҹϲá
Žһϵе̲ס֮ǰȷЩˣǼ΢΢£ͬʱҲĵ˵ͷš
ӹʻͱʯַӵϷ̲ססַ磬ſַļʧ
еĻԽԽ࣬ӵӰס˵ĻŻԽԽŨгŨŨҸ㡣


ʮ ʹ
˵һ˾͸ÿʼŶʽˣҹѾˣַֻ£׼Ȱȥȵһʱȥɹ
һҵ£ַ绹ûü˵ڵʱ򣬰ȴǸַһ˵Ϣ
ˣڸղõʱһ˵Ѿ鷿ˣԵЩż˵䣬ʶʲôСĵۣϽСʾһƣϵóǻʹġ
һ⻰ַʱһݣˣɻʹˣȻǺ棬һڽʱǰǳ˶ôص飿
뵽ЩͬʱַҲûѯʵʲôʱģ
ڸղŲãҲͲŲʮӵʱ䣡ҲʶЩǱѰһصģڴַУҲ˿˵Ͱݹڻ԰ȥأͰݹͳˡ
ţ֪ˣȥϢɡַ˵ͷּ˾䣺סǧҪκˣ˭ҲУ𣿡
ˣҶİɣĵ˵ͷͲٶ˵ת뿪ˡ
ԵİַһλĺżŰµӰԶֿһ۱ַ磬ʱҲԺæʵַ磬˵һǱģǲǷʲô飿
߱˵ɡַ̾˿еϲʧ˴룬һߴŰݳ鷿ķȥһ˵巢ʲôһҲֵʱ򣬽ӵµźҾʹæ˻
һ·ϣַ򵥵İ֮ǰݽһ飬°ݵģַ粢û˵Լڵ۶˸ٵ飬˵̾αµıܴʩļãڵ۶һϢû롭ҲӦʲôɡ
ַĽɫЩѿûַһ仰ͻȻͣ½ŲأֲøڱѧԺ
ţԺӦַҲͣ½Ų΢΢ͷͻȻһüֻǣԺڻڱѧԺ𣿡
ûУúæѧԺ
ݷǳ϶ҡͷʱҲ׹ܵĺϣ߳ѧԺĻᣬƻʱ˵ˣ͸߸ҪɢɢĲģɵһȥ֮󣬾ͷָѾѧԺˣһֱȵӵ֪ͨ׶ûлȥ
ݵĻûгַϣ޲ΪڵϵϻλȨ˵һʵµϳ֮Уõεľ޲ˣʱ۹飬ԼѩħǹڣȻҪΪˡ
ʱ޲ػеĴڱѧԺַŻ֣
Ȼô룬ַ绹һ䣺ôؽأ
زҲڡҡҡͷٿزƽʱѧԺһЩѵѧԱĿγ̣Ҳɱʦˡ
ðɡַһȥʹʹߣȥҵķһɣҼͻȥ㡣
ַ仰ֻΪðݱӣ밲ݵĶУǰǳӰ죬ʱðЩ棬˫֮͸һĨ̺죬ЩߵĵͷӦãھȥ㡣
ַûע⵽ݵڷǰֱ֮󣬿߽Լķͺԥת鷿ȥ
鷿ǰַͿħƵĹâǳûж룬һ߽ȥͿںڰǸӰ
ħƷϣڹâʵ̫ղǰַϡ
ǸõˣҾַ硣ַǸˣѵ
ѣ˲ŴӺڰ߽߳߱ҿϵĺڲݱ¶ڿУǿһ˿΢ЦǸǸѩħǴ󹫣ַʽҲǳڽǡ
һ˵Űĵƹ⣬ַһ¾ϳˣü˹ͳ죿
󹫣ҡ˵ͷߵǰ΢ħƵĹâһЩ
ַû뵽˾Ȼ˹ϾԼǰ¿ӵĺܲңһҽͳ죬ַʱͲ˼ڨڨЦ˹ͳ죬ǱǸû뵽ҵЩ»ô
󹫲ҪϣֽȻ˭Ը˭Ҳ뵽ᷢ飬󹫵⳥ÿ˶⣬ϾѾȥˣҲûκôˡ
˹ȥģȷû˿ַ˼ַڶУҲһɣ佫ɱɱûʲô⣬˵һЩϵȨıͲˣֱڣ˹ƺûࡣ
㲻ףַȻҲȥ˵λַϣ˹ͳ죬ôǰ
ȻĻַûм˵ȥ˹ͳ⣬Ƿ֪֮ͨȥʹġ
ַüͷȻûκԼԼջʱ򵤵ϲ֪ͨȥʹǵõҹ˾֮ʱ˹ͳװǰҡ
ԭΪ˹ͳԼһЩģȴ뵤ϾȻԼǳʲô飿õ۹Ļʵ۶أַ粻оѹٴ˼֡
ǵģ󹫣·ȥɣ¾鷿һ˵ţ˹ͳ컹һߴӻͳһСӣԼĪаƴСݸַУ󹫣Ҷ˵ȥʱҪװһ¶ǰֻҪֳƣһ·ϾͲ
˹ͳǰ䣬ַ绹Ϊ˵Լûд׵飬һ䣬˹ﲻֳ֡
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뵽Լһ߽žв˸ԼԼ˵ǰʱ䵤ְ˼ϳ飬ټϰ˵޲쳣æֵɼɽϣͷ˵Щ
еɵȫһڡҡϣƺһ¾ͽǴ
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󹫣׷ʲôĲ֪֪Ļ¿϶Ҳ֪ͨˡ˹ͳҡͷڱµ塭ȥûʲô⣬ʱµЩ̫ãҾ˽ȥķԭⲻĶ˳
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ڡһΣݵ𣬲֪ΪʲôȥԵЩȡ
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˵ţַæѵ״Ŀӣһץϵҹ£ƵĸϽ˷䣬ֻ°ݴľֱۣһ޴ģ
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ҵͷǻʹҲһ岽һڣɭϡַһ·ֻʹƽʱһû֣Ҳûм٣һжԵúƽһ㶼ûнæµģﲻɵû
ѵԼˣ
ʣַ˵ϵ鷿֮ǰ


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ڵƹ΢ڵҹɫעĿ
ڵ鷿ǰľֻ˹ͳһˣʱѾͳװҿֵַѺõĵ˵ͷ󹫣˵ֱӽȥͿˡ
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鷿ڣֻеһˣʱǰüͷרĶһݹģߣҲֱĹģֱַܿߵǸѾӡ˵۹ĻӡߵһûС
⴩һӣɫħƵĵƹӳԲ԰ףûзַѾüͷһʣһֶֻŹġ
ַԷֵ˲٣ƺֻʣһƤյļΪһۿȥԵĲϸС
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ַڵ϶棬һ˵⣬һʵ£ôһĪǾΪЩֵ𣿡
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ĽţΪϾʱڱѧԺΪ˾ȻĿŵˣ
ҪǣȻһλʥǿߣʥǿ֣߳ټ̵Ҫ̼Ҳҷ𣡿ɾûг֣Ѿʧһǳˣ

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ؼǣЩ˵ʥûвսĽҪǲսеķѾȫˣ
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ʮ ̫ˣ
˵ַֻһڵ۹ûκְλ̵ȻҲߣңΪѩħǹͷΣÿĻرܾô룬ַ綼벻Լʲôϵ
Ҳ֪Ͽ϶Ե޹ʵĸԼսԵ޹ʰѾĸ߲ܸԼԣȻַʱ㲻Լ⣬ﵹҲµ˼֡
ȻȻһַƽ˵һ仰׼㵣սͳ˧սҪԼ¹ؿսսߵȫȨְ֮
ƽ޲ַУȴһ
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ַţɫҲҪѿжѿףȻõΣȫѩħǹλϣҲͲŰ겻ʱ䣡
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ַһ¾ʹһְλĹ壬һԾ۹ͳ˧ܲԾأ
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ȻַҲ׵£ԼģĬ󣬻˵˾䣺£ллܰҵѿ
ˣ˵ˣ˵Ե̫ˡͻȻˬʵĴЦһ࣬Ҳ棬Ҿ͸һǰ
һô˵ַҲϽʰһ飬


ʮ Ƶƾ
ԭǰĪŵĵһս֮˴·͵Уڿĵ죬ڴϵսݡ
֪ڳһĪŵĲ״һ¾ը˹׷
Ļ⣬޷ҲΧšĿġԼԮչǰû۳һߺܿȷʱ򣬻ⲻɵһ档
ɣĪʧ˴ȣ־ųƽʱ˵Ľ̫ӣΣ֮ʧҲȫھųûֵܳʶԣû̵ʱ顢ԮȵȵһϵûȫλŻ϶
ƾ˵ǵǻۣܹķߣ
ַʱںƲƲ졣
⻰ȥûҲͷͷǵǣʵѾˣϸµȥ֮ǰϸڣж壿
ЦǣֳûȥȻ˵½ַۣһصͷҪǾôȥ󣬹ǲǾͳĳǰˣ
ڹ
Ȼô룬ַ粢ûгڴϵϣȥ
һȻ棬ʱͽ˰Ա롱˴롱˻ʹĳ緿ﾲϲŰࡣ
ԱȻѾ뿪˴˵ľųȴܷʵֻǣĪŵľųӴڹȦӰҲǰ֮ʣȻҲʱ
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飬Ҳ
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ǣҪסͨڼ򵥣ȴס󲿷ֹ壬ЩĴ塣
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һֹȻҲӸ˽⵽顣
۹ΨһӵкλĿɭ᲻֪ˣ
ɭûжйκεۣǰܵսһһĴڶ̶һµʱڣͽʱ򣬴ϵڳԼϱˣסˣ
ֱʱ˲ʶ˵ֲ򵥣⣬ҲȻȻ۵ǲһĳɫ󽫡
ʱŵִľУֻһꡣ
ʢŭ֮£ֱӲ˾ƾٵκһˣԵǾŵŵȥǰĪžųλãԭĪŵľųص۶
˻һڣ϶ʱͰ˶ʶǶŭҲǶԭĪžųʧȥģĵϻʱһΡⷢӡͺʶȤı͡
ǣôգŵϸ
ŵҲУһȥľƾȶ˲٣ķսҲǹ˴²ͻϣȻɻܣȴǱԭ˺ܶࡣ
һʱ䣬һֱŵʱڳҲһԱڵǰŵƥҲ֮ǻǼʱ򣬾϶ţ˿ֻʱˡ
ǣûĹ򣬵սӺüⵥŷ⴫˵սһЩ˵⣬صֵõעġ
һһؾ¹ؿ˹ơ
һҪرҲһα˹ƾ¹ؿս
Ͽսʱ𾪣ѾתΪʲôһͻȻʧôأ
Ǽź󣬲˹
ǼţеͬдеǵддЩŵȫǸ
ϵҪݺĵǽһսĴʧܣȫΪλͣΪŵӹĪŵԵʣԭĪžųµļĴ治ŵҲеΪӦյսܡ
ϣ໥ָԷõڿ֮ʱʹ
սڴϵǼڳ໥֮󣬾еɫһ¾ѿ
Ȼ˵ڴϵд󳼵棬ֽľһѪͷ󣬾󳼾ͲûİԴˡ
ܵô
ȵϷ֮Ҳʼ⣬磬ȫ˼ҵ֮УʱȷһԲߡ
Ǿһм˹˧
ѡʱ䶼ûѡ
ʵеѡӦ޲أϾ޲ӵʥǿߵʵǵ۹ǾˣҲзǸʥҳ֣޲ڳҲӦԡ
ǣڰѯʹ޲غȴܵ˾ܾ
޲ؾܾԭΪڰ̫͢ææ޷
˵Ҳڵϵ֮УϾ޲صķæҲң޲صҲ⣬ʵ۾ҵġ
ַһʱüͷ
ʹ֮ǰݵĻΪ޲Ϊ˵۹鶫ܣΪڵﻹܼ޲أȴ޲һֱΪڰ͢
һ뵽Ե͢ûв֣ͰͷǰЩټ޲صķæʥ֮оֵƺûô򵥡
ŵϵĽûȥ
ϽĽŽַ˧֮£˿Ҳ㽲ַеüĿĵط
ڵսĵ죬ûһʵѡȴһ죬һֱĬĿɭͻȻϵ
ڵϵдԼϵ棬ƾַ絣սͳ˧սһ
ɣֻһ㣺
ַǵ۹ѩħǹΪ۹ģȻᣬʵӦڵ۹Σѵʱϸǰߣڣסڽ죡
Ȼȷô˵ַҲȷǵ۹ģɡҲʵ̫û˵˰ɣ
ȻֽѩħǼӰڳ˶ĿãλѩħǼ巢չҲ̶̰ʱ䰡
ңַ籾˵ĸʵȷϾΪַֹҲͲŸոʮ꣬ʮдսʿʵѾеˣֻӵдսʿʵսͲʲôЩĸǾżսʿַж
ҪǣַѾӵʮ˽ˣٰôȨһô
ңַ籾Ϊֹڵ۹жûйκְλȻһ½ᵽͳ˧˵ȥ
˵ַǱ˵ǶǾ޴ģʮ׿ҵĹ˼ɲ̸ַ⼸Ϥǵʱ϶ʤλõ
ڵĻ
Ǿʵ̫ˣ


ʮ ı
ַҲúܻƣ˻֮⣬ӿһǿҵŭ
ɭΪȡһȨʵϸǳݺ
ߵĹ˼ɲ˵ؼַԼߣ
ͷƵȻַͿɭûб¶Ϊһ£ѩħǼ˼ӡ
ԺҪٵ飬ַ粻˵ɭҲ֪
Ŷ̶ʱڣַӵʮ˵ǿ˽ÿ컹ܸߵĵ˷ˣΪʡھ˼壬ܲľս
ǣƣѩħǼ̤ƽƽԭҲǾȡӦá
ɭΪ˼峤Ȼļȥǣֵ£ַ֧
ַֻҪһȥոշչ»ûнڵѩħǼʧȥĹǣǾͶ˼幹ɶв
սʱԽͶ˼ԽַţȫûȫѩħǼһ߽⣬ʱ򣬵ƾԼһˣѾ˼幹κв
սܿͻǵַһص۶ȽҪԵľǻң
һ뵽ַ̲סһ̴ĿǺð
ͬʱҲ֣ôƵƾ٣ϵôͬģ
ַϵɻͲ⣬ЦһʼҾֳ֪Ͽ϶ûģ뵽㱻˰飬Ҿ֪ƾ㵽Ǵʲôˡ
ַûͷƵסϣЦģ֪ͬƵƾٿ϶⣬˲٣˵ϵĻ˵ô£ͬҹ˧ѵ󳼡Ǿ󳼾ûз𣿡
ַ˼ҡҡͷԴ̵ȻǷԣܶˣȴǡǡ෴
Ŷô˵ɾַЩˣѵǾʶô
ЦţͿʼַ˵֮顣
ԭڿɭ˵֮󣬵ʱв˷ʲôЦѩħǹǵ۹û¸ûκεңȻҲһ⡣
ǣĵطһʱչ˷ԡ
ĵһ仰סȫˣ˵ѩħǹѾʥ֮
һʥʣڳ˶һ£˲Цôܣѩħǹֻʮ갡
˵ĳЦΪȻܿ죬оٳַձΪѩħǹʱڹǼ顣
ʱַ¶һϢɰڳĲٹ嶼˿ӣ
һ˵飬ѵһЩμӹַĹԱеĿ־һ˳ֻоԼͻȻشһ£ɫɷףҲټĬĵͷ
ְܶλϵӰȻǲȥμַᣬܻ쵽ϣʱ͸ûиַύıҪǾ󳼣ȥַύһĽԭţЩɫɷ׵ͷĹԱв
ǽŵ˵˭ţȫȥЩڳĹ֤
һ仰ּˡַѾﵽʥʵڴеӰҲӰ죬ĵڶĵط
ܿ϶ĴӲ˵ַжλҰģƾʥʵֱ׾٣ûУ˵ûжԻȨĿһսȫȨ֮͸Ӳȥʲô
ɭһ£ϵķӦһ¾һһٰʮȴת䣬ܶڳԱ˺ĻϾ޲ؿɲһ
ĹԱ۹ڴ󳼣ȴͲᱻ˼ϵıݡ
ЩһҲ˺ǹҪѸͳ˧ĴȨַϣҲ֪ǹ͢룬ѵǹ͢Ҫĳˣ
ôһ룬ͱøЩźĻĹԱ׷׶ԺƾٱʾͬĳЩﲻţȴŸ뷨͢ҲַҲ׷ױʾͬ
ϳзģֻʣ˾ڼϳԼԼš
һ죬ϲͱը˷Σ
˵ɭĿǰֻڵ۹һСְλΪǹ͢ĴˣĻҲҪ˼
òװѳһ侲ԡַʵʵΪɣֱӰ˼ֺ֧ģûжʵȨϳˣǿʱһƵƾ١
صʹ鷿ȥЩμӹַĹȷϴ£ͬʱԺҲԽԽŨ
һȻ뵽һԲߣ˼˰ҹ֮󣬱ַдһⰵʾԵţ־ٶȥ֡
ǣڵڶϣϵ˵ȫʵַͬϸսǵַ羭鲻㣬ֲǾˣþھҳһλ̵֪Ͻͳ˧һְȸϸַҸͳ˧һְڵ۹ͳ˧ѧϰ̤֮ȥĵ·
˭ףȻʵô˵Ͻͳ˧ְֻеȨַͳ˧
ϵ˫һȻЩǣǵַֻʣµʱ䣬ҲܰѵĻʵ۱Ƶ̫û
ǣô
Ѿص˵۶ڽС˵ͻȻӲֹסˣϸһ˿Ź֮ɫĿַ磬ѹַ磬ѵ㡭ѾͻƵʥ֮ˣ


ʮ ϵʵ뷨
һ⻰ַ統ҡͷЦ£ʥʵѵΪ˼廹ܰȻ𣿡
ʧص˵ͷ̾Ϣǰʥʵƾһˣ˼Ͳˣαִ齨˽أ
ϵҲһЩɬ˵䣬Щˣͽصǰһƻ£Ͳַ֪ûʥ򣬾ͻʥҲѾԶˡ
ַûϼ˵ȥʵ£Ϊȡµʱ䣬ѵ롭
ַĻȻû˵ȴǶȻֱӣһӣһ˰ί͵ĸϣֻҪڽӵĵһʱȥͳ˧ȥѧϰһ£ʣµʱ䣬Ϸˣ۶һ㰲
£˵׼Ժַ֣Ҳ̲סֱӡ
ҡͷȴֵ˵ͷҲ˼ţڵ˽յϢĻӦʮûɣ
ַ΢΢ͷһʼûסϡ
ϼˣ˵Ȼʮ˽𿴱˼˽߳˼峣ĵ»ǱȲ˵ģң˽ʡĵ죬϶ϤƽԭĵΣС˼͢һֱã˵ʲô˼忪սʲô֮ѡ
ô£˼һȥŵ㣿
ԣ˫ü壺Ͼֻչ˼µʱ䣬ҵǿɭǸϺĶ֣ι֧ȥ¾㲻ֵ뷽跨߽ļ壡ԣϣλȥȡһЩֶΡ
˵϶һ£΢΢һȻҲϣܰһЩֽţ˼ʵ˺ҲҪѵһǵ棡
ַһݣ׵뷨ȫһ仰ϣϾʡԼΪأһʼΪ˶ԸҪúԼļ尵и߽ԼһѪ񲻰׷ˣ
ԣΪԼȡµʱ䣬ǿҲõеŭ޷йȥ뷨ԼһЩúĴ˼ɣԺ󲻸ٷգ
ȻַҲ׵ԼԸҲÿںϵЩңҲڽϵԸ˵Ŀ궼һµģҲֻ˵໥á
ǣۿַ粻˵ΪԼЩˣ΢΢˼һ£æַ磬˽ƵʮˣֻʮʣµһڸѡһЩӢ룬Ȼ취ܸ͹ȥµʱҲżԸɭǱȶ취˳ʱһ١
˵ϱȻһꡱơ
ַ磬ȴҡͷ£÷ĸܵˣֻƾʮ˴Ҳ̤ƽƽԭ
ô˵ַʵȴЦһ¡ԼӢˣǰĻʵ۾ķ
˵Լ˧ͳ˧ѧϰ£ʲô鶼ңҪļϣŵһ˾㹻Ӧˡ
ʱԼһȥʲôŴȨʵĻŵԼֻһá
һֶΣַο
ַĻɵ˫üַ磬һС˼
£ûСӣʱ䣬ҲһЩͨ˲װ̶ӡϣǵƽԭ⣬ʵϣڰ̽˼ĵϸңѰһЩ˼Ļᡣ
ַڼȻѾ˵ϵʵ뷨˵ҲͲٹ˼ʲôһ£ЦȻҵֶҲԶԶֹڴˣԭûзȥ£Ҳ׼ڽڶԺ֣ڣȻҵʱֻʣˣô֮ǰȻΪ³ȥĸ󻼣
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ңȥոԱԭرһˣԼյЩŻ￴Ʋһһ˾ѵսѾ˺ų̈סҪǣЩ˽ԭͻ˸飬ƽԭĵβ죬ƾ֪ʶٲԿ
ңЩԼһŮӲţҲܹԦ鴫ڵѵ϶ҲϴԼѪҺĽŴʿҩȵһУԼҲǵϿȥô򵥣
һЩַ绹÷ȥɫӶšңԼĿǰʵչȥºܿܲʥ֮
һﵽʥ֮͵ƾԼһˣ̤ƽ˼Ҳʲô⣡
ԣַţڽµʱڣ˼壡
ɵȻַĵϸֻǿַһģҲһЩף̲סü˵һ䣺жٰգ
ٷ֮ʮϣַܿ϶ֻҪͻĳЩ⣬Ҿȫаգҡһһúѵİ취ֻҪѣҲܼӴѹ͢棡
Ŷʲô취ÿɭѣԶܸȤ
ַЦЦǸ£취ҪܣֻҪңʱ򣬲˼ᱻ𣬾˼һʷҲҪӵ۹ʷϳĨȥ
ָȻǷṩЩ֤ݣֻߵϣַҲ͹һӡ
ã㣡ǱַŸȾһҲúʲôѴĻһҪңֻҪǣһЩе飬Ҷ㡣
ʵϣԴַҪ󣬵Ҳһʣһһ㣬۹ӵбƵķ˹͸ǶͳҲַġ˽вƲ
ַȻ֪ϸлţҲѻ档
ϵĲʱѳȥ룬ԽַоԽɣһʱ򣬵ϵַ֪Ҳûòͣſڵ˹ͳ죬ȥ׼һЩԵֱ˹ͳ찵ַĴָ
ַŵһ߳ҲһţţַͻȻԼص۶ʱЩԼˣ΢һ££Ҹջص۶ʱ򣬷ְҵˣЩ˵ʵһ㣬ȴӲĺܣץһֻһ仰ͷɱˡ
ţַ򵥵˵һ£ֲһʼҵȷ˭ңҲ֪Щ˸ҵĿģֱ˵Ϊ֣Ϊͳ˧飬Ҳһͷǣҵڻ޷ϵһ𡭡£
ַ˵ͻȻ˹ͳ£¬˵ǳ˴顣
˹ͳȥܽ÷ĵ϶ʱһü
ַȻ¬˭ҲףҹҴŵϢǾһر顣
Ȼһᣬַ㳯Ͽ˹ȥȴرĿ⿴Լһۣſ˵ɡ
һַֹﲻɵһͷʲô顭ѵԼйأ


ʮ ¬
¬һ͢ԱĴ磬㣬һˣȴһŹ۱˴Ǹ߱úôһ£±ȺܶŮ˶ҪƯ
ַ翴һۣ룺ôÿһϣ˷ˣ
Ȼڴһҹ£¬Ĺ͢ԱȻϵַȻɫЩ죬æϺַһ
εƲ¬һۣˣҹҵʲô飿ǲѩħǹۡĹ̳⣿
˵ţؿַ硣
ַԭ˶⡱ؿԼʱһëϵĺһ䣬Ҳǰ͢Աݣɵ뵽Լ֮ǰڿ־ɭһĻ
Ȼ¬ɫǻţһ£ˣˣ־ɭǸСˣ
ȻͷĿȴڵϺַ˵ƶţȻѾ˷硣
Ϻַһ⻰໥һۣüͷ
æߴһ䣺׷ʲôϸ˵˵
ַҲͬɻ¬ֻ뵤Ĳͬüһԭ¬Щϸ̲סһŴеġ̫ࡱ
ԭΪַļǵãԼܰЩΧ۵ˣֱڣѾȥ˺ܳʱ䣬˵ҪֻΪԼһĻ¬Ӧͻ㱨˵ϲŶԣôڲ
ѵԼ뿪󡭡СַʲôԲһֱϵڣ
£ˣԼڸոڵʱǵ˾ע⵽ǸСĺͻȻһɫĹâСĺ涼ɫ
¬ԵúܼȻ󣬾ͿâԽԽһʱ䣬ǵ˶Ļ̻̣һãʱȰеȫɭ֣ǣڳ˵ĹУЩʵ̫ˣԣͱܵȺˣѾˣ
¬㵸ӣַţǰĲǵʵ۵Ļ
Ȼ¬ĻַҲڷɿļţ뵽ոڵʱ䣬Լвáô淺ɫâʱ򣬾ӦԼǱ׸㣬ֱסԵʱ
һ뵽ַ̲סߴһ䣺ôأ
ǻȥʱ򣬾ͷֺѾƽȻǵ˺ܶ඼Χ˰ߣҪǲǷʲô仯
¬ɫʼò԰ǣû೤ʱ䣬Сľʹܳһɺɺӵٶȷǳ죬գ֮䣬ĺϾɱˣʵ˵ŻˣʱΪȷ˵İȫһǺܿ´ɭ⳷
ںһϻֱַѡ˺ԣ¬˵һΣַǾԼģ㲻ʲôСǺ淺Ϲоƺ뵽ʲô̲סִߴһ䣺ʲô
ٺǵ˻ȥʱ򣬾ͷֺıѾʧˣҼһʱ䣬ִӺʧҲͰСʱʱ䡣¬ɫŵĺѿȻҾʹżһֱעź棬ٺûзʲôˡȷе˵Ӧ֮ǰ
һ¬ĽϺַɫǴ䣬ȻҲ֪С飬ֻǣôСһֱƽҲûзϣȴڽСͻȻ⣬ǣʵ˶ˣ
߸¬ܿ˵֣룬ּ˾䣺߸˶ڳ˵ʱ˲ġȻû
Ҳ˵СûˣϵһЩ
¬ԥص˵ͷǵģ¡
ϵɫÿһЩڽüĬַͶȥĿ⣺ַ磬Сһ֮ذҿ㻹ѡһط츮ۡɡ
£ҾⲢʲôַͻȻ̧ͷԼ°ͣȻСΪʲôҲǣСû˺κһˣ˵ֻҪУǾͲ鷢
ðɡϼִַˣҲԸǿŤͷ¬˵ȥɣúðһι꣬ǸСʵ̫Σգȥһ㣬κٽӴǸСȥɡ
˵ţϾ΢΢֡
¬ԭǰڿַҲ󣬾ϣַܻ֮һط½츮ۡϾ췢һĻֱ̫ˣ
ǣѩħǹȴһаģۿ˼ҸۡԸطʵ۱ҲȨ˵˽¬ֻܿͰλһۣųصѡˡ
ɾҪת뿪ʱ򣬾ַȻ˵ȵȣ
ʲôԸ¬ʱתǰһһ˲˹


ʮ żʶ
ǣ¬ô룬û뵽ַȻһض˵šڻص۶ˣԺҪǱٳʲô飬ֱ˵ȥҪʹˡ
õģˡ¬˲͵ַѹûзڵ˼ֻܴŸӳص뿪ˡ
һߣϱַ˵һ䣺ַ磬һҪעⰡ˵۶䣬ǸСҲκͻȻͽ˱˵Сһ֪ܣңӦǸˮϵģǣֻǶ̶̰Сʱıͳʧ˵СʱһǷʲôµ顣
Ϻᵽ㣬ַ֪ܲղŵͷ˼ǿǵ飬ַȻףϲܶСܱԼ֪Ļ࣬ҲͲ϶˵תƻ
£ףԺһעġҪ֪ǣһʱЩҵı󵽵ʲôˣΪʲôҪأ
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ԸɣַҲֻ֪̾˿ñ¶ˡ
Ĺֵ飬ַѾԵĲ࣬Ե˸ǣõ϶עϢ
֮ǰַҲû˰ԼݶʱߵϣȻЩ⣬ӦַҲûǣһεַȷһߣַ뿪˻ʹ
һ·ϣַȻҲٴ֣ٻصԼۡʱ򣬷ְѾԼˡ
ȴһֱĵĵַ磬ַݲȥղŲõʱѾ޲Ըȥˡ
ϢַҲ֪Ǹÿ޻ǸЦðȥϢַصҹȸ
룬ַھȥѧԺһˣϾԼͰݵĻ£֪ͨλ׼һ
ǣַ߳˷䣬΢˼һ£û׼Ǿôҡڵ߳˸ۡ
Ľֵżܿ۶Ѳ߾֮⣬һ֡
ַԼٶȣȥѧԺ·ϣҲͬʱſ˾׻û˸Լ
һֱ˶·ַ綼ûзڸԼ̾˿ԼҲ̫Сˣ׼ջؾ
ɾջصһ˲䣬Ȼͷ֣һɵӰԼĸǷΧ
˲䣬ַ˾񣬱ȻһȻģԳѧԺȥַľѾˣ۲һһ
һʱĹ۲죬ַ緢֣ԼرԼ߿ֻԼһȫķΧ֮ڡ
ڸղţַӻﶪһǮȻװ֪ǰȥһ·ּװԼǮæͷѰԼ˺ܽԷɿٶȺ˼һսǴǽں档
ַҲתһ˲䣬۽ǵ¹⿴˸Լ˾Ȼһ£ңƺǾҲһڲ
ˣôԸղŶܵٶȿƺǱȽ֮ǰԼǻҪ߳డ
˭Լôעϵ˵ĳЩԼʵĻõԼ׷𣿴ҹģȻϧɸԼ
ַȻ֪ǰǻԼ˸˱ǲͬһˣȻĺ˶ȻбĿģ
ַ粢ûдݾߣԼǮ뻳к󣬾ʲôûзһѧԺķȥѰһʵĻᡣ
һ·ַҪӽѧԺʱ򣬱㷢֣ԼǸԥһ£ƺǲ׼ٸԼˡ
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ַ緢֣Լ֮ͬ󣬺ԥƬ̣֮ǰַ硰üͬûʲô⣬һΣԥƬ̺󣬻ǾͬСĵ˹ȥ
סСķ˲ҲҲԼĽŲκߵͬǽʱǽ߳ĵطŲţŲǵʱСĵԴ
ǡȴһżԼϵףһֻץԼ֣ףַ籾ˣ
˲䣬˴󾪣Ҳ룬Ҳ˲࣬ͳ෴һ·ȫȥ
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ַڵٶȣҪ׷ѣֻǲһĹ֮ľͱһأ
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˵Ȼ̫ãһתԽͬʱ򣬾ñһ˵Ѳ߾ˣ
ǣѲ߾һԼһɫӰ滹һɫӰʱʱͷһæһߣ˺ַÿ˵·
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ӲбַעһɶȻ壬ΪӲʣöĵٶȴΪǣͿһְִ׵ĳӣֱͱ˺˵ĺϡ
ȻмĹжٶģƾַżн׵Ķ˼սʿĻ嶷ֱ׾١
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ָоȫһ飬µĲȻһ£
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ʱԸѾʧȻҲϵַ磬ڱַ⿪ֺͷܵĴ㣬һĿַ磬ѩħǹˣǱǸˡ
ϤİͬϤģʽףַһӣԴû뵽Ȼ㣡Һ֪ңǲأ


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ַͻȻоһִЩȤеķŭ˴룬̾˿ңɭңϵõʲô
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ǡȻЩԥе»˵ʲôһҧãҪܳɹǺ뱲Ӿбˣ
ٺ٣ǵȻе¶ʱüЦŲգգۣҪǽܳɹǿǵ飬һѹȥ
꣬С㣡һæסеµ͡
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󣬲ҧҧĸеµļһַ׷ȥ׷㺰ˣˣȵȣ
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仰ַ粻ʬ壬ʲôûзһתѧԺķȥ
ֻ쳤ͷбñʬ塭


ڶʮ ˵Ŀ
ѧԺǰַ㷢ǰԼһαݴʱֿˣֿȻϵַ磬Ҳ֪ǸȥЩţħȽԼǸСһѾ˵۹ѩħǹܿԸַ˱ѧԺĴš
Ϥ·ϣַ̲סЩп
·ǵݴԼ߽ģ·ҲԼºܶļ䣬Լһ·ϵʱ򣬻ֻһЩʵķ׵ġСӡ߽ѧԺĿģҲֻΪ˱ǿȥΪĸֻһ
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ͻȻ鷿Ĳ滺򿪣ͷһѩɫ޲ǰƺǲûע⵽޲ϵĳݣŤŤӣҸЦݣףҴɫôÿĻͽɫĻɴ
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סһҧ˵֪ںܷǣŮһӾֻôһγ޵ĻᣬԣŮĺ֪졭ĸ׻𣿡




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ˮһķ飬ˮֻϣһĨɫĶһ


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ʱڣµĲַصۡʱ򣬾ֻеЩ
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ڵɲһÿһطҹѲߵ˶رȻһĿܴ󣬵һס˶ֻСǰУõ壬ֻĳЩصǰϸסӯĽŲûѲķ֡
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СĵĹ۲˳ȵĸ䣬ӳû쳣󣬲ЩƵĽ˽֮Уǣ׼ʱͻȻԼǰһЩϸĩ컨Ĳϱйһ
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ͶȺǰˣսʿսǾֵܲģȥһ﹫ˣ
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ԷƱѾŬˡͶҧļ򣺡ڻ˵Щʱ򣬿ȥɣ
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Ӳסһ֮˫Ժһַʵڶ㲻ȥǽҲĿڵλá
ַĿڵһٶһַȴķ֣һ·֮ƣһԼıԵԼ粻ѹһ⡰ѹһȱڣ
˵ĳҲ˳ĴַĶֻϰ׹һһ˽壬ֱַϣ


ڶʮ ϵǿ
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ǣһ̵ʱ䣬ԷĳҲַ̽Ŀϣ
ַʱ͸оһѹ֮Ϯȴ¶ɫֻеĵطһһǿĵ˳Žһ˲䳯Էʹȥ

ǿҵĵ𣬾Ϳһ˲Էͷð̣ȫ鴤ĳҲѵһڵء
죬ˮһִļʣֻӼͬʱһַͣץסᣬԵȻУֱӳһкȥ
ꡪ
װ𣬱еӶʱһΪʬͬʱȼŻ⣬ص˵ϡ
ַ֪ʱ䲻նɱڶ˵ģɱһ֮Ϳٳ˹ķȥȻһƬյأΧĺܶûаȫ룬ɲ˵ԼˣԣҲֻʹ˻Ե硣
ֱӱеȻ޴󰭣鴤һҲͻָ˹ֻǣʣµ˿ϱֳ뻹ȼŻʬʱ̲סһ¡
˺꣬ûʧܹȴһΣһʧһ֡
׷ֱַеӽϸߵҧȥϵʬ壬Թ޵Ļȳַܵķ׷ȥ
ˣҲǿŤͷȥѾʬ壬ȫ׷ĽŲ
ڽﾲ۲ĿͶĿż뿪ӽܳץסһûüߵѲʱ򣬾͸˺Ǽ˵ȥ𣿡
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̾˿ַһְֻӳ˫ۣתʱ򣬾ͿԶŰ׹ѾҪﵽǰ
ַȻֻǸ˼򵥵Ľһ֣ȴ׾ͷֱǰɱԼĺ˶ӵоżʵ
ƾ⼸˵ٶȣԼַܸо˾ԲǸոսżҲ˵ȥոɺϱһɱǸ⣬ַ绹ҪĸżнϵĴսʿ
ַĵĻӱȽϸߵĺˡ
һ֣̽һ״Ķɽһѹַ磬߸ӺȻǵϵԪء
Ⲣͬڵϵķ֧Ԫأֻ߱ʵصĸоǳ״ĵϵԪأ߱ϵԪеѹԡ
ȻٶȺһһǿ൱ۣ
ڶ׷ϣ
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СģйŹ֣߸æһ䣬æ֣һַΧȥ
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ڲȥһ̣ȻҲַܵ綷ϴԸУʶɿսֻ֣Ȼһ
ַҲܼϵҧǿʹڶӵһ̣Ƚǵռ룬ţ罣תףһѲ˹ĺˮ


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ַȻŹᣬŽ״ʹ˵ǰϵһӡ
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˲ʱػͷԼҪǲϵˣ޷ӳȥˣһᣬ¶һذףͻȻֹסӣȻشȥ


ڶʮ 
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ص鷿ַëݸһԼ򵥵Ĳ˲Ϻͷϵˮˮ󣬱ذе齲ΣȽȥѧԺ·ϲ˸ٵʱҲ˽
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ԥһ£ǵ˵ͷͬ
סַ糤һղŷȥûҲܣ
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ߣַһ漴վ˹ȥЦ뵽һС
УκȻ⣬Դʺš
ַһתʱ˶˵һЩʲô˵Խ࣬κɫҲԽԽŹ


ڶʮ 
ҹϡС꽥ͣ
ѩħǼĺܶһڵ۶ĴСĺڷһԼһ˶ߵľͰÿ϶۶Ѳ߾ЩԶԶģ»ǵѩħǼ岻졣
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ͣҵǰľͰϣСĴľͰĸӡ
ʱһɶ
üͷס˱ӣ˸ԴľͰȡһľףľ֮ʢ˼ġ㣡
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׷׼ȷϣϡһճ״סϵ֣Ҳס˼ı־
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һͰ˿ڵ۶࣬ͬЩͬҲͣ˼ҵĵ£֮󣬺ܿ뿪
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ѩħǹۡ
˹ıѾ˳ıҲڻֻǸ˹ýʵм䱻סĺʬѾ˳ֻһںϡ
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ַѾȥ˿ͶַԼһЩѪͶιȥŷĵ뿪ķ䡣
ʱվ˹ԶڣѲӳʬѾַĽߺ˵ʬ壬Ȼÿһ߶ܲʹõѾڷʬԡ
һЩڷŴľͰѾأ΢΢üַ硭ֶǲеСˣ
ұСӡַƲƲ죺ɭһʧ˽ҪҵЩѾܱˡ
ðɣеȷǹģһ磬˼вҵҪֹӪҵˡʶַҲͲʮ꣬Լַ绹Сϰ꣬ҲͲϼ˵ȥһ£ֵǡ׼ȥ𣿡
ţˣӦʱˡַ˵ͷεļ򣺡ЩȰһ£ˡ
εͷַҲٷϻϵʬӽռָ󣬾תȥ
ȥ׼ʱַϵ˿ھѾϣҲóʱָ˲ٶʱصһЩһҹºֱӷǽȥۡķȥ
һ·ϣַȻٵǰķ㣬¹СĿҲûԭˬֵܶ϶ǳѬ죬һѩħǹۡص
֮⣬һװʲôûзѲ߾˼ĲҵѲߣַĿ⣬Щӱſ߳ģϰͻƵϡ


ڶʮ ԰ը
ַ֪һЩص鱦ԼʳƷ֮ĵ̣ҪһЩϣ˵۶۹ҲѲ߾رûļҵϰҰµĲƲȫѲ߾ϡ
ԣص鱦ϰأʳƷĵ̣ҲϰŻտԷ͵ԡ
ű˷࣬ص˿϶Ҳ˶ҹģЩҲȥ룬ֻΪйֵСײ˴Ŷѣ뵽ҹľȻ˳Լĵ÷أ
ֻǣ÷ݳȥζͨŷʱЩ˲ʶԲ·ôˡ
һ򿪴ţǰȫճķʱʶ˲Ծĵطˣ
ЩУеŻеĴʧɫе죬ҲеϽѰҸѲ߾ѯһȴ֣ңҲһƬѲ߱ˡ
Щ˲Լͬ뵽ͬһ㡪ǾǸϽȥ֪ͨǵϰ壬۹
ǣһӵ۶ĸʻַۡһ·ѾʮҴҸȥ
ķΧʱ㷢ֺ֮ۡǰѾͣһ˵Ľ䷭ǽȥַ˺ۡĺ԰
԰ַܴеӡĿһӢʽô͸԰еһЩݣܿĳЩٶ˵ƷңӲԶķУַ绹ԼһЩŮ˵λһ֪ǿɭġ󹬡
ַ粢ûڴ˴ʱ䶺ܿ԰󣬱ڵ鷿
û鷿ԶԶ˺ֻǾ̫Զַ
СܿһЩַӽ˺鷿ĲԶһĲݴУۿȥ鷿滹ȺˣЩ˶ǵ汻÷ϰ壬ַȻ鷿洫ĺܻ
һֱ˯ĸһϱ÷඼֪ѵʱͲ֪ȥ𣿣쵰һܸṩ֤ݵĶûУ
ȺЩȻҲ̲סӣûǵ۵ʱ򣬾ִһŭĴȣǹȥȺͰҹ
鷿ĴŴ򿪣һڨڨ˴˳ַ翴ֻǲûгŴȺЩ֡
Ƕȿȥַ޷ˣ˺һΣ֪Ѿµ淢һȫԼˡ
ִһûмֵϢַ뿪ص˸ղŵĺ԰
ղŵ鷿ȣġ󹬡ԵúֻܰԼһЩĳԼŮ˵߽԰Ƚ⣬ܶҲҡڴ˴ѲߣΧҲϲױ֡
һȽϿտλãַӿռָȡ֫岻ȫʬ˵ϣʬ嶼ѾһڵϣѪˮȾ˵档
ȡ˵ĳڵϺַϱ㸡磬ٴμһΧȷע⵽һ£
ꡪ
һǿһ˲԰ϵʬҲȼʬϵıûȫڻһȼգʱһž
ַæջص罣ܵһͼʬȼյĻ˷֮أҲ˹Ũ̡
һը죬ǾԱ߽ﲻ˯еŮˣһæӴ򿪴Ҫ浽׷ʲôȴֻǿһŻͻϲðĹŨ̡
ʬսζһŮ˵ľҲӸн
ѽŻѽ
ʱЩŮ˼ֱ˷磬ֻ֪ȣȴһҶˮܳȥĶûС
ַԶѲƤѥ͸Ͻ˳һ·ȥٴθ鷿
ʱ鷿С
ԭѯŷڵЩϰûץסʲôѩħǼ֤ݣɲǰЩϰػʱһըװȻ
һ˲䣬ڳ˶ɫһ䣡
ʱڣٴҲףңѾֹͣˣôأ
һʱ䣬Щڳϰ嶼ɫţ˵ЩʲôȴںڳͲҿڡ
˵ɫҲܲÿǺˣԭȾͷ˵һ¸ۿڵ飬뵽Լҵеĵ涼÷࣬Ȼһըףһվ˵ȥ
һ鷿߳ϰҲ˳Щ˻û÷飬ɫжʱЩһǶȥҲ룬æ͸ȥ
ʱҲЩϰǣһȺ˺ƺƵĳ԰ķȥ԰ԥ˽ȥһüͷϰȫں԰棬ŸϺĽŲ˽ȥ
Ͼ֪סǶǺŮˣ


ڶʮ 
ߣͿüͷӶŵһðŨսʬĬ
ˣʱЩʬϿȫȼһ𣬾ڸղŵʱǲŰѻ𣬵ǣǰøһС꣬ҪȼЩʪʬҲһ׵顣ǣղǶһ죬ԣǳƣЩʬܿǱֱвŻȼֻǣǻ޷ȷЩʬݡ
Աߵһں߻㱨ţɺһʱһվһ˹ȥ쵰г׵ô
һȴȥ棬ǰæͶȥһȵ
̾ϢһźԽԽɫæ˰֣ʾЩȥͬʱźˣЩʬǡ
˵ҿҲͨһζӷЩʬ塣
ԱߵˣæһոǴһɫ׷ȥ˼֮󣬲Ŷںߣһ𷭿ŵϵʬ塣
ЩʬѾսʱʱһžȼյʱ̣ʬһЩƤ
˴ʬзһͷͷİѾսֻİڵһʱϳˣɫ䣬ʧһ֣ﰲ
ʲôԱߵĺ󾪣æŲߣһеͷ­ɫһ¾ͱøѿ
æЩʬȫȻʬ嶼ֱܲӷʬһԴʬ沿Ƚ˺ͺһ˵ģϵѪɫʱȫޣ
ȻҲˡ˵ĶͷѾð亹֪µÿһ˶ӵоżн׵ʵһ𣬸ʩչһǿ󷨣˵춷ʣ˵ŵĻʥ֮º˵ȵס˵ϣ
һʩչǸǿ󷨣Ѿʥˣ޷ȥ
˵дҿ϶ֻҪУסԷ·˵׼ȷжԷԷˣֱ
ּѹԵİԵƽ
ڣǶˣңʬһȫǵʲôǿߣľֻλѩħǹô
һ̣֪Ϊʲôַ֪ûɱ˵оȻһɵҸС
ߵĺɫȴ˼㣬ɴ۾ŵϵʬ壬˼ɫ૵ȼգ𣿡ַ磿
һ䣬ǵ̵ʣԵһ仰ͻȻ뵽ǰ鷿УһðĺľΣСǸˤȴǿʹվꡣ

һ·ϣַ԰ȥڼ˺һȺ˵Ļ´æ԰ȥʱ򣬻һͱ¶ԼҺסˣҲ·Щһﶼ԰˹ȥûע⵽Ľַͱˡ
ַջ˳˺鷿ǰ
һԭûŸ˺Ƥĳ嶯ΪֻǷйһеķŭ˳ҲǾòҪҲʱû棬Ͼ֮ĴսҪص㡣
鷿ǰһѲݴַ㷢ܵѾ˺ֻܶ࣬鷿ǰͨǱԼĵɽ֮Ƹ˺԰
Сèӳ鷿ӽûʹö̫ĵ罣Ǵӿռָȡһʱ֮Ķ׼鷿ǰһ
Ѷǽ죬ΪªҲһȦпǱַһС͵Ļϵħ󣬾ҲַɣֻҪȥߵ˿ھͻȼ
ַǸԼͷһӥԼڶʱڱøΪһľ룬ȻһԼλãһϣעһԼĶ۶˰
ۡ
ע붷ƿֱֱȥȻƿ֮˵ʵһ㣬ûüתͷĹֱӴӵһ̫Ѩϴ̴˹ȥ˵ڶԴ
˲䣬ܻ˵ͷð𣬵ȼǵͷԴ˶ĻҲͨһڵء
ַһҲûзɾ裬Ͻ۲һܣȷʱûע⵽˶ܽ˺鷿
ַеһ鷿ӣַû̫ʱȥ۲Щ߽鷿ַ֮ӿռָȡһľͰ
ľͰǰѩħǼ÷ĴľͰҪС࣬Լַֻʣȴͬʢķ㡣
ַüͷƿľͰӣץľȳĿĺľһףףȻ鷿ڵȫһꡣ
õǽǷ㣬ľͰķҲѾʣ޼ַӿռָȡһĴֲϴ裬ľͰʣµķȫϴ󣬱㽫ľӽľͰϸӣӻ˿ռָκ֤ݡ
ϴ裬ַ֮ǰԼ˹һڿ棬ʢķ㡣
ַǿŶϴſڣԼԶһЩƤѥæϴŵĴϷһȥĻȻϴһ衣
ַ͸Ͻһ䷭ǽȥĬһΧԵĻϵмħֱӺ鷿ǰĲƺϡ
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ħըƬƺʱȼ
ַ翴һԶӽѲһǽͷСһ·ֱӷ˺ۡΧǽԼۡķȥ
ۡĺ԰ڡ
ŮǼǰæ·׼ӭӣֻǣ˲һҲðͷ
ڣŮ㿴˺˵ķ򿪣һȲĵȴǰȺһǾŸȥ
ǣʱԶͻȻһըھԶ԰ʱѾһ죬˶Ȼתȥɫ󾪣ˣƺ鷿
һȥ죡ҧԼ鷿ķ򣬲ܸո߳ĺˣٳ԰ȥ
Ҳ˲׷ϺĽŲǰ棬һ԰æɢΧЩϰ塣
ЩϰǼɫ࣬Ҷ˵ʲôóһ󣬾͸ں˵ƨɺ棬ֳ鷿ķ򷵻ء
Ⱥ鷿ǰͼܶڷŲƺϵĻ𣬻Ѿ࣬ÿһͷһԵĵϣԴճɽ̿ʬ塣
ǻ𡭡ҧгݵһ䣬һ۵ϵʬ壬ô£ָģ
㿴ңҿ㣬˭ûпڻش
һȺͰ̲סһ䣬仰ŭس鷿ȥûߵǰŵһɶķζӭ
һ˲䣬һɲõԤУ
æߵǰ͸ڵ￴ȥһ۾ͿϡԼǽЩճķ㣬һֱ̣оԼķζҪըˣ
޴йһȭ˰ŵ档
ɲһãһңַ簲ϵǸڻ˲ٵıϴ裬ʱ׼ȷ˺Դϡ
硪
һֻоǰһһɽߵǿҶ޿ײһ㣬˲еĸй٣


ڶʮ 䱸֮
ַصۡʱ򣬸Ͻһ·ʹʹϴһ裬ִһ׸ˬӡ
˼Ƭַ̣дһţûסӡЯӡӡ󣬱˿Ͷķ䡣
ͶѾ˹ַѪҺɫԻָ࣬촽Բ԰֮⣬Ѿоˡ
ڴչ˿Ͷַ߽Ͻӭȥ׷ʵһж˳𣿡
˳˳ڿʼҪʱˡַԳЦЦǼ򵥽һ£ߵ˿ͶĴǰ
Ͷַ絽æӴϷǿһЦˣѾöˡ
ַóͶ㲻ֻǻûдӺлָԴļǱǸҵʱͲ֪Ҳڸ
ˣڵʱΣ£Լû˾ѾܲˡͶЦˣûиһЩ鷳ĸеο
ΪѩħǼһУҶסġַظͶһ΢ЦתεΣһˣҪˣȥϢһɣͶһᡣ
ðɡεЦزסƣֻһͨսʿַһڤ˯ߣַæ˰ϣѾƤڴˣҲַܾĺ⣬ο˿Ͷ֮󣬱뿪
ַ翴ιϷţ˿ͶĴϣͶ٩˼䣬Ͷľ㲻ɵһתͶ֪廹ܲǡ
ˣʲôԸֱ˵ɡͶַ磬һݣóַ绰⣬ַ绹ЩĵĿԼæһ䣺ҵѾȫָˡ
˵ţַ粻ţ´ַ֤һ£ַæֹͶллΪѩħǼ帶һУȴڴϢһɣ䡣
Ͷַ֪Ǻģپַܾ磬ȴַĻ
ַӻȡǷݸոдõżݸͶص֮ʹ뿪۶ٶȸϻ֣Խ˹һΪ㰲һƥϵȺ·ϵһҲ׼ã·⣬ɻţҲڱ𣿡
Ͷַصı飬ﲻиӹż֮󣬱صص˵ͷף
ˣҲҪ̫ѹַ΢Цھһʱ䣬úϢһ°ɣҲˡ
˵䣬ַվһĿͶļʾο󣬱뿪ķ䡣
Ͷַߺɻشϱ˫ۣǣַ緽ŵĻȴߣһͳַǷţŷϽɫӡӡǺͻڴŻɫëԭǿе˯⣬Ҳһ̵Ȼ޴档
ΪͶףɫӡǴѩħǼ߻ܣŻɫëʮ𼱣

ۡĳУħƵĵƹⰵ
ȫѾһ׸ɾ·˿ڴǰ
ͷʪģһˮ˳˵ذϣȻǸոϴ壬ϵƤЩ죬ļ˫ȭֱ߬죬˭ܿĵķŭȻﵽ˼㡣
ԣ
һȭڴߣȭϰ׹һضʱͱҵϡã
ȻվҲƲסеķŭһ䣺˸
صӦļеڷﲻϵ߶ƺѿסеķŭ
۶ĵ̶ʱȫһ⵽÷࣬ڵ鷿Ҳû⣬ԼճĴཽһ˭˭ŭ
ңǸ߹Ĺ壡һ㣬ķμֱҪըˣ
붼룬֪һп϶ַɵģ
ǣȴһ֤ݶûѼѼΨһ֤ݣֻЩôĳķ㣡
һ̣ĺ뽫ַʬΣ
Ȼ䣬Ȼ뵽Ҳ̶õʬ壬ֻоһҲͣ
ʵΪɱģʥǿ֮⣬벻Ŀܣǣʵȴ෴ַ粻ûɱԼȴ
һ˲䣬ֶַʵ
˸ַʱ쳣֣һѵ⣿
ͷһӰ£ԽԽ˳⣬ҲԽ϶ַԭӵʥʵ
˸꣬Ҳɣֻһ̣˶һݽ䱸֮ġ


ʮ ֵ
һ˵𣺡ˣڿԽȥ𣿡
ɡָ侲
һ߽ϷţͿڴֱؿԼҲûж룬ε̾һˣȥѲ߾ǱһˣȴңǵѲ߱ûп˭õķ㡭
ˣʱҪȥˡһڴ
һ벻Ȼ˵ĻЩȵˣѵ׷𣿡
ˣ㿪ʲôЦôңѵΪҾͻô׵ôһȭڴߣε˵棬ûʹö󻺻վ
˶ʱü
ߣһ˹˵˫ۣϣ϶ʥʵֻʱѹ
˵仰ʱ򣬺ͼ˵ϿһЩȴʧķ֣˵ıֺ֮Ҳûκζ
Ķǰɫİֵһ䣬źȻʶѾ¾ٴϼ˵ȥתƻǡˣǽôأ
˰ѵ۶ĵȫϽ֮ǰһȫҪ꣡
ûзʲôףЩ꣺ˣ鷿ɾ֮ͽ˰ȫתƵ鷿һЩĵ˸Щ飬һΪ飬ʱһҪСģˣ˸͹
ǣھȥӦһҪתȥ
˵ıӰĿ֮һ˿ͻȻеȵȡ
˻ʲôԸת۴ɻ
ˣһΡͳǸַ磬ĵǸС𣿡
һ֮࣬ǰں԰ʱĻɣʹ˰ţ϶ˣǧȷҿۿеģ
ˣ֪ˣȥɡ˰֣ˣأתȥ
΢΢ҡͷ̾˿Ŵ򿪷˳ȥһƨ󣬶ʱͽüͷ
һ¡һµʱ䡭ãһ˫ȭǵ޺޵ֻҪһ¡

ҹͨܺܿȥһҹַͿɭе۶Ѳ߾ȴԵüΪ
һҹĶΪͨڽֵѲߵѲ߱£˼²ҵĵ˰ϵķ㣬úܶ˶ѵ֭˳Ѳ߾ͳҲһҹշתߣȥŹٷҪ˵ʡ
ѩħǹۡ濴ʲôȴǽ䱸ɭϣ˹ΧڱԼȫ˳ĺˮǵĲ֮£ҲѾڻַ´һеȫ˺׼ӭǺܷܿС
ɱϢڸеĿռַ籾ڻָ۷״̬֮͸վ˸ۡĴǰźۡķ
Ȼףǹĵ۶ҲҪ˼̫ܾܶ࣬͸Լ˺ƤǹķսԼ۶еĵ涼ϵķ㣬Ǳĸ鷿ǱŭͷԣһЩʧȥǵҲǲܣ
ңǹ˺һЩżɱҲܿܡ
ֻǣַȵĵһصʱ򣬻ûеȵսҲһ
ĿͶǣһϵսᲽߵַǰˣھͳˡ
ַתͿƥѾһݻˮ΢ЦëĿͶϵһƻҳһɹġ
ͶصͷͲٶ˵ǣŲ߳˸ۡһϣֳַ˵ͷ󣬲еޣƨϡ
ҹ¹С꣬ɳʪıܲûַĿͿͶӰʧ˳ֵľͷŷص˸ۡС
Ͷһ·ٶȲܿ˳ſڣڳʾѩħǼ֮سʿͶ˳š
߳۶ţͶҰʱͿľͶһŤͷȥ˿ٻϵĳţҧҧ㲻ԥݺݳһӣʱ˻һϷĵ·ٱ
ܵԽԽ죬ӹķ紵˿ͶͷҲɵҲ˫ۣ΢΢ӣͶһֽһԼŵλá
ĻַдյǷš
Ƿŵݣַֻдһ仰գȥѰɫӶгԱսش˾ܻط֣
򵥵һ仰ȷѩħǼ߻ܣͬʱҲȷʮ𼱣

ۡ
ߵǰ͸ؿŶĵһ⡣
ͻȻ𣬽Ŵ˵ˡ
ɡȥ侲ࡣ
ŷ֨ѽһ򿪣ֿտյ˽һڴǰϽǰȥˣ鷿鶼Ѿˣǣ˵Ǳȴûҵ
ûҵŤͷſ˵ʲôҲûС
ƽʱȻʱ˷ڿϣԣ鷿󲿷ҲֻһЩΪ˳յİ裬ֻкٵһ֣Ǻ߶˵Ҫ鼮Ǳ֮һ
ǵģˡͻȻһɹŹֵɫΪ鷿˵Ȿڶ֮ǰѾˣʱ˻ΪˣҲûи֪
ǰһ⻰ʱһ䣺쵰ǰǶǰ
û뵽ֻΪһͷ˴Ƣҡҡͷź̾˿ΪʱҲûע⣬Ҳǲ嵽Ƕǰˡ
ȭڴһ˽ʲôȥɱԺټ
һ⻰һŵˣֻǶʧһ顭ǲЩ̫ˣ
⻰˵ãһ˵һ˺еŭָԼıӴˣעݣǺǺ
Բ𣬴ˣֻ̫ˡһæϥ
еŭƽϢһЩʹ˿ҲϣԺٷƵĴ󡭡ȥɣ
⣬æ˵תͳſȥ
ɾʱͻȻ˵Ȼᣡ
һ˵ţһ߳ȥĶߣˣԼ֮ǰ񵽴ӿ׶ʬϵ֪̽ˮǼ顭ûе֪ɣ
֮ǰһ⻰¶˼ɫػŵ¡
ѵǸ֪̽ˮ¼ſ׶Τ˹Ǹ׳ǰ顣
һѣϵãȻʧҲ˽࣬Ȼ׺ΪʲôͻȻ飬ʵش
ûУʱΪȥ£ڻʱ·ϣѲ߶ӵĵ̧ʬͶ࿴ۣǸ֪̽ˮһʬϻЩѲ߾ûע⣬֮ҲŽǸ֪̽ˮ˼ңҸұ֤ʱԲеڳ
ܺãŷĵĵ˵ͷƬֵ̣ȥɡ
뿪䣬վԭؾ˼Ƭ̣૵֮ǰǵַǸһߵôΪʲôҪߡ
û˻ش˼һ޹֮ͷ˼ӻһ֪̽ˮ
֪̽ˮͶӰĲֶ׼ǽڣִӻһÿ֪̽ʱĵĹƷ֪̽ˮУǽ϶ʱʾ׶ǰһЩ档
ѻɿȵ׶밲ݺһİ׽սĵطֵԭٶȡ
ͬڵһη֪̽ˮʱԿһ飬һΣķǳϸŹκһϸڡ
ȿǸİؽһ׶ﾪʧһ䣺ַ磬Ҫʱ򡭡
ɫ˲ѿ


ʮһ ըϢ
۶峿ƣԤʾһĺ
Ŀвûκˬĸоһɵĳζ
ܶһ˯Ѻ߳ţ̲סüס˱ӣвڱǼȷ磬ıԹŶϣҹһǲǰѷسˣ
Թ鱧Թ֪ʲôǻǺܿС
ֵĵʪģȥᷢһЩһЩ̵ϰŹǷԼĵǰȴȵķ֣Ա˼µĵ̵ܣɢǹɳζֱȿеĳζҪŨ
··һߵ˴̲ססӼӿ˽µĲֱ˼̵ϰüѡ
ڹ͵Ļƽڣ˼͵Ӫҵ½ʷˮƽ۶͵ܹݵĲҵɼճ
ݣһѲ߾ͳԵģһĳ͵ϰΪԼ͵
˵۵Ķ̶һСʱڣ˼µ͵һݶûȥ
ͬܵӰĻ˼ĵ̣鱦ꡢװꡢװ׵껹꣬۶˼ʧ۵ʳƷ꣬Щ̻㲻Ͽ
ڻʹѲ߾ͳһŽѩħǸۡһСʱ֮󣬵ַӵ۶ܲãֱǰۺ˼µĲҵܵǰδеĳ
ĳλԸ͸¶ʿ۶֮һɵĳζΪҹ˼вҵĵ̶ܵ˲ʿ÷๥ΪˣйزѾ룬ֵ£Ҳٱ
̶̵ļ仰Ȼֱͷλϣƽõĵ۶ٴαը
ǲ۷׷ףԲ²ŵʲô˸˼ĵ÷࣬ҲɣɿеǹɳζǷ㣬ϾҪ˼еĵ̣ҪķһңһҲһʱѲ߾ע⣬ñ۶ĴС
Ϊˣ˻Ҫȥ۶Զļзڵһȴܵ˹ٷԱ
һʱ䣬Ƿ׷װĿ۽˵۹Ѳ߾˼棬׻ʲôͣʧǣȻͬʱ˳Ĭ
ң۶˼ĵ̣ҲյʲôϢһԼͬķ׷׹رӪҵ
ֻǶ̶̰ʱ䣬±㴫˵۶ĴС˵Ķ
ֳĬ֮£ܶ˵ĿⲻзѩħǼϣϾѩħǼĲҵ˵ѩħǹѾص۶λĹֻΪʲôĽأ
ƺλѩħǹ˵ܻһ粨
һΣֻ̬£˰ѾѩħǼ˼ƺһЩìܣϾԭȵʱ򣬿ɲһعĳλĳţңõĵ۹
ɾǵȴѩħǹһ͵ʱһըԵϢϢɹת˵ߡ
ڸղţӻʹﴫϢѩħǹҪˣɵ۹ʵ۴ͻ飡Ҫǣʵ۴͸λ˵ĲĳλҲĳŻҳԱѪŮԣ˾֪İݹ
ַ밲ݵһֱ˶֪飬Ѿ˲³λ϶ڽڽ飬ϾݹɶѾʮһˣͷƽʱӦӵĸˡ
˭û뵽˶飬Ȼǵ۹ʵ۱״ͣ
Ҫ֪ʵ۱״͵ĻԹйأɲַ绹ǰݣ˭ûһѪԵϵǺεҫ
ַ籾ȴԵúǵ͵ûй£Ҳûκڳϣһ磬µһĳ佫Ŷʽ飬ܹܰȻԴżʮϽֲɹҲǱڳ˻¡
ֵһǣʽȻٲʻɵۡĻ԰׼ѡժʻʱȴԾķ֣̳һƬһ̳Ѿû˼ʻֻʣһЩֱͦͦĻ
һ̳Ȼвʻɫȴûм䣬ҵһѾ֧ס
һʱ䣬ѾŵƽʣеոµıͦƷȻϢıȽͻȻ׼ĶѾ׼ȫˡ
ַ˰˵۶лʻûϰ׬һʵͬʱҲԼĸۡõķһƬææµµر
ַĲɹڵ۶һʱʻѷڣԤ⣬һ֮һõ廹һҵۣ
ֻ˶ʹﴫϢַܴͻͬʱҲͬӵսͳ˧ίַ籾ˣΪ޶ʽʱճ˵۹ͳ˧


ʮ 
ַͳ˧ϢȻֻ͵۹󳼲֪
ͳ˧ַҲûзϻֲֻԮ飬˱ֺΪԼѵʱ󣬾ֱӳԼۡ
ԼĻ˵ǣʲôЦү飬ûʱͳ˧
ʽִٰ٣ַ粢ûʱ˰Ϣͻ֣֪ͨĸ׺ϿַģµЩ֮⣬ϰٱ͡
Щг˰֮⣬ѩħǼŴҲѩħǼ²ҵĸԣȻ۶йҲյ룬ֻйУΨɭ⡣
֪ϢĲٹ뵽˼ҵ汻÷飬оѾ²˲٣˭ڽϲﵱ˵ڣѩħǹۡص޲Цݣһź
ϣ̫ոɽѩħǹ˵Ķʽʽʼ
յ۹ףʽոտʼʱŮ¶棬зҵͣȶ˾ʱ֮ŮŻ¶棬˫峤Ĺͬ£ɶʽ
ڣոտʼŮȻδ¶棬ݺ޲ȴַĸ֮ۡУϲַȻ̫Ѳߣ޲ۡҲöԺǱκεġ
Уַ粻֪Ѿ˶ĻҲǵԼ˵˶١ллϴһɲЦݣڸ֮䡣
˵ַ綩飬ûٹŮĻ룬ⳡϣŮȻ֪ܶ࣬˵λӸֲԼǵ۹ķϴûй涨ֻȢһӣԣμŮ඼ڴַ⡣
һ䣬ַ緢ϤףǰоŮ¶
оϴº͵ЦݣԱߵһλ̸ߵ¶ԵЩƲ֡
ַһ߳ԱߵͶȥĿ⣬Ҳһ߳ŰоŮȥ
¶ԭʱʱעַλǣַ糯Լն˫ʱͱһɾϲæקһԱ߰оӡ
оҲѾַ磬ŮĽţǰλ̸ֽ䣬ַߵһ֮£ܺʱ˵¶ַ֣ӭȥ
ϲ󹫣һڳһһ죡оЦĺܵλ
ллַ΢΢һЦ룬һԶһ졣
˵䣬㿴Աߵ¶һۡ
¶ȻĵĴ磬һɫȹµĹճַ翴ԼͶַһΪЦݣ΢΢ܻ󹫣ϲĺĽݹĸ
ллҲӵͬĸַЦݲֻһ֮룬ȻͻȻ˵ðϣ¶ŮʿԴӦҡ
£¶ЩԾסؿڣæӦȴоԼĸװԼһ£ʶʧ̬Ͻһ֮󣬲Ŵ΢Ц뽲
ַ翴Ҳ𴩣ϴһ˿Σʼ磺¶С̫ܲҼôһףһŮõʱзûмгôͱΪŮһλȻǴзĳǲŮһ߽ãΪз֤õİ顣ȱλʣ¶ŮʿԸӦҵ𣿡
ȻΪʲô֤֮ı滰ȻҲڴˡʵֻǲһݼ򵥵˽ģȻᰲҪϳʱȻĿɲЩǷ͵ŴͱﲻһĹ塰ɫԡضŰݡ
ңʢװǷŮϳչ˰ݻʧݣԭչ˰ݵӦȦڵĹѣɰڹȦһѶûУַڰʱ֪ҲûκκιŮæԣһֱ㡣
ΪôһŰһЩɫԵĿȻͻһЩתƵϣҲ˻øġعʡҲΪṩһõġӡĻᡣ
¶ַ룬Ծϲסͣû뵽ԼȻδ˵ĶʽиһϳĻᣬĻϲͬʱ̲סݳ޵룬ǲַԼİʾأ
ȻȻҵң¶ԵЩ״Σ˷ܵɫǺ죬̲סһ䣺ǣҾأ
ԵİоȻû¶һַ˼ףַ¶һϳĻᣬԺԼŮȻڳĲ˶һЩӡ
лл¶ŮʿɡַЦĺϣŰо˵ͷ֮󣬱¶ſڴȥ
һ·ϣַ΢ЦŶ¶˵帺Ĳ裬¶δԼַ絥̸ô࣬൱˷ܣҲǵͨ죬ܸоŮԼַһͶļĿ⡣
٣һ̣¶Ҹġ
ַȻʱ볡Ŀź¶뿪ȥҰ̸֮
ʱţ𽥻һƵĲ֮Ҳӭ˶ʽĸ߳
Ŵ죬ű򿪣һʢװİ޲ص¶Ĳ֮³˵ǰ
ʮһİֵŮĻƽ׶ΣͬŮһʱȥ˼ַһθеഺַؽ뵽Ĳ÷ʦһ״ɫȹɴǡôĳг˰϶صʻʣȥ߹ֵš
խĳȹ˵߳ǰһͷ˳ͷ¶۵Ĳߣȥֶ˼Ůζ
ȹβܳŮ͸ںСĵš޲ڰ࿿ǰλã¶һֲҲ࿿󣬰ֶӵ𣬻ߴַһȥ
ĳ£ҸϲãܿľϲĿһ˫Ÿߴַ磬ȻݣȴԵЩżû꣬Ѿַߡ
Űʩױ΢΢ַܽĿ¶ͶȥһмĿ֮󣬱һֻ֣ס˰ݣŰЩˮַЦô
·ڶͣԵЩţ΢΢ҡҡͷû˵ʲôַоݵӽŵЩԼߣһƺܼ򵥣ȴһҵĹһʱ͸оࡣ
޲λ½ʥ򹫾ŮĽɫһ֮˾ʽ˻Լ
ڳıͣȫԼַرעһ°֮ͨǰĽ̸ѾȷϴμԼʱɫ˲٣˽ĸ״ͰȥĪŵͷðȥƺָֻյĳ
ַע⵽ݵĿһֱȺ֮ĲɵɨѰʲôĿдżַڽ֮²ҲһЩ
ڣƺȺҵҪҵˣǰһһŴɫͷͲ԰׵ӣֻǿһۣжʱ¶Եʧ
ַ粻ɵúСʵݣǸ˭ıô
ݵ˵ͷ˵ʲôʹ޲ǸпǺڰ͢ˡ


ʮ ҹ
ʽַҲССķһʺơ
ʽ֮󣬱ɢȥһҸ˵ʧ䡣
޲ûж˵ַļ򣬱𼱻ǵ뿪ַҲûڳѯʲôǿٽ˷䡣
Ѿɢȥȡ֮ܰʱԤʾŽһƽҹ
Ҫ롰ϷݲĽţŻŵʧı鳹ʧһ˫ܷܷȥҧ촽ȴ֪Ǹ»Ǽվš
ǲ֪µСŮ෴ַϸڼ䣬ݿǽ˺ܶѵоѧŮ̷Լɷġ
ⲻһַķ䣬ǣһȴһһ뵽Ҫ飬ݲɵߺ
ַ˷ţݵĺȻü
ȻЩ˵鰲ƽʱ֪Ժ˶ٱ飬ΪַĲݻ޵ʱʽط󣬾һѽַƵȥµͷݲŷ֣ԼȴƵַ
ۿַҪԼһĶʱᵽɤۣ
Ҫ
ֱԼһ˲
ַɫƽس߹΢΢һߵĵƹ⣬Űĸظֻ˴ߡ
ַߵĺһ̽ŵ˼㣬һ¾ͻһƬհף֪ôġʦԼЩһᣬҧҧͻȻѿַվȻߵַǰӲһӶɷڣȻ˫ַ֣µĵһŦϡ
ַ羪ȵĿŰһ˵ģΪԼ£ûгֹŰݲָԼϻĴУַĺҲó
ŵһŦۺòױݽ⿪ݵһҪѪˮһֱ쵽˱¶ڿѩ׵ĲϣȻƽʱҲ§§һ̣ݲ֪ģоԽԽҡ
ڶŦۣô⣬ȴⲻ
ŰһǺģַ硰ꡱһЦ˳ץסݵ֣ڴǰյݶߣ̲סЦⲻͲҪˣҾ˯һϺòã
˭֪ݱַһЦв֪һͻȻһѿַ˫֣һ¾Ͱַѹ棬˫ץסַ죬ʵغһܽ⿪

鼱֮ʹ˶ַ¶ʱ˺
ǰʵţ͸оһӲĶԼƨɣҪһʵλȥ
һ£˰ݵǽ˲һйƤ򣬴ַַ࣬ԹؿȻһ۴ߵħƣƺ˵ôص
ַŰݵıݣǿЦ⣬ݺ͸գӴһѹصħơ
ΧڰͻȻͱôһֹֻסַĲӣһֻֽϵȹӣͬʱַߣñ˫ֱַĦ
ѵȹӵţݵ˫Ҳָɣƨϥ΢΢ַĴȣгַֻϻһֱ滮ȥ촽ַ硭ҽˡ
ͻȻݸоԼַ۵ֻһ±ץסˣһַصڶߣݣҺ֪ʱѰʲôǸڰ͢ˣ㸸ô
ȵϢϣȻͿһ£˰죬˵ǣûκκڰ͢ˡҡѰĸףջû
زסʧ䣬ַڶһᣬ¸ĻҲ˲һ
ζеã֪ǸδıĸһֱǰΡ
Ȼڰݶ֮޲غǰἰĸףڰݵУһֱ޲ض˺ܶܣĸ𽥵ȴŰݳԽԽ޲֮£ĸ׵ڰзԼ뻯ԽԽ
ڣݶĸ׵Ŀվ޵һ죬ʧĸһǰ
ǣ˵һ죬һֱֵǸӰջûг֣޴ķðĸоյģѾʱ£ɾַһᣬŨŨʧС
һָֻŰݵ㷢ַ糢Եһ䣺ѵǸڰ͢ˣֻΪ㸸׵棬Բô
Ҳ֪ݵЩãȻͻȻһŽԴַϣǣܾǴĸġ
ĸףѵҲںڰ͢𣿡ַοˣȷݴĸȥ
ǣߺ󣬸ײŸҡݳĬ죬ЩҲüץסַһֱۣίԭһֱڵ۶һֱҵߣǣܸܲңΪʲôҳ޵һ춼һ棿
ַ޷ش𣬸ŻԼϵ飬ձʱȥнӽ¹Ľޣַֻܰοʲô֮ɣ
û˵ַ绳
ַʹһͻȻҧ˵ݡȻѾ֪ĸ׾ںڰ͢ھʹȥҲţĵ㣡


ʮ 
˵䣬ַæҪɰȴһץסҪ
Ϊʲôַ漴ָӣںҹбݵԴѵ㲻ô
ǡҡͷԵúǵ䣺ҵȻʱ޿̶룬ںܶҹҵһرңҵա
㡭ַɻ
ǣַ磬ǻǲҪȥ𣿡һڴϣΪĺܺ£ĺܺңԶҪȥҲҪܾ
ݣӱԶõİ취ֻԽԽʹࡣַһ°ݵĶͷңһġ
˵ţַҪŰ
ҲҪһץסˮŰַ磬㣬Ĳԡ
˵뵽ʲôæ˵˵ģĸ֮ţһңҲص׵ߡǻǲҪȥòã
ŽǰǴžʯӣַ̲ס̾һ֪ĸףѾӱϰˡ
֪꣬ĸ׾ںڰ͢Ϣ϶᲻һȥڰ͢
ǣŰݽɳԼ޲صðݾĸ׶˵ѾһңɼΣȴ뻯һͻȻ޲ؿе֪ĸһֱߺͻȻӿ˶ĸ׵ǿҿ
ƫƫʱγһѹƵĳǽݺܺڼĸ׺ž޴ķҴһֱΣԣҲȥĸס
Ҳ˵ڰݵУǸĸڰ͢ʵĸȫͬһˣȴǽʵ֮ϵģ
ǲҽصԸһֱǸΣҲԸȥ
뵽ַҹȥڰ͢ͷ΢΢˵ͷҲš
˵꣬㽫ݽ§˻
һҹַ粢ûȾָдδޣĳԽԽСֱ˯ȥ
ǱŰݵһ̫ˣȰ˯ַ֮羹Ҳô˯ˡ

ۡĳ֮С
ɭ§òŮƽڴϴ컨塣
һԵϣһֽֽдַȥͳ˧飬ֽʱ䣬ַ뿪ͳ˧ʱ򼸺޼
ԭȣ֪֮϶һֻҪַ类䵽Ĳë֮أѩħǼ˵Ͳв
ڣַ÷ķʽڶϹȥ磬Ȼû˵Ѿ൱ڹƣ
ǻַӵʥʵɭͰͲסˣ
ʹԽԽңңһ뵽ַǰǸַ磬Ͳһ
Ѿ϶ַ統ûǸСǱ˹ˣ
ֻǣ벻ףΪʲôԼ
ΪǸ磿
ܿʹ뷨Ϊһ㣬ֺαػԼߣְصİԼÿһ£
ӲҪ˵Ե׵ĻΪʲôѿ׶Ǹ֪̽ˮԼ
Լ֤ûп֪̽ˮ
Ϊһֱ벻ͨһ㣬ûж˶ֻ֣ҹ˾ҹͷḡͷ
ԽԽ÷꣬һ·׼֮󣬾˹֮ǰ
һΣûдˣǹǰһ߽ĵڣԺбгϵ
ϵָƫһ֮С
Сֻвʮƽףڴڱ۸ռ֮⣬߻ϥսʿһһҽλгм䡣
ȥɡϻ˫ۡ
΢΢ףгˡ
ʿ߳ȥϷźϲ´վߵǰͷźɭҺ֪ôˣʲô飿֪Ҳϲҹﱻ˴š
ɭӹһ˿Թޣصļãûбֳһ飬ųڵгˣǸ֮ǰѾ˼˺ܾãұ֤ҾԲǹġ
ȻˣǾ˵ɡͷ
гˣҲ֪۶еĵ̶ַ˷㣬ңֹЩ̣Ҹۡڵ鷿Ҳ˷㣬ʵ޷ȥˣһµʱ˵ֱ̫ˣ
һҧֱ죺ԣҽõϵѹƹ⻷ҪȥַǸ쵰ʬΣ
û˵һַֻںͷϣ۾
ȻԽ˵Խ˿ֻʱѹסŭʵű˫ۡ
˺һ˫ۣջ֣ƽ˼۷壬Ѿӵа˼۷ʵˡ
ǵģгˣͲȥɱַÿһӵоżн׵ʵҲΪڵʵǿԡ۾ǿϣԣгˣȥҵϵѹƹ⻷ɣ
ɭ侲һЩתҪ֪õϵѹƹ⻷Ҫﵽʥ֮ҪĻʱ䣬ң㲢һսʿҲħʦȻϵѹƹ⻷пܳܲסǵĶԼ󣬾ֻһе³ţⲢĽͬҲҺͱĽ
ǣҾҿ϶ܳܵסؽҧ
ȴҡҡͷɭҺͱ¶ϣգң㿴һҲ˶٣ֻҪٶһЩʱ䣬ƽʥ֮
ǣгˣҶһ¼便ᷢʲô飬ַѾڽ충ˣѾ޲һˣҵһлᷢһЩԤϲ飬Ĳټȥˣϡ
һΣϳĬãͻȻ̾Ϣһɭǵð֮ǰҳ䵱򣬴ȥμַʱǼ𣿡
һû뵽ϻͻȻἰ£Կһ£ɻͷ˵ַͻȻǹɾƵ飿
һͷ֪ǹϢʲô𣿡
ѵΪǰ𣿡졣
Ŷô뵽أЦˣЦĺܿģֱ¶һ˿ջֹͣ˴ЦһյǰǸɭҲǹ⳰Ц㡣
ǿŭ𣬵ʵôгˣԸʲô𣿡
֪͡ôϵرС
һ⻰ɫʱ䣺˵ַ


ʮ ѵľ
ǵģһλͣǾȷϹġЩҡͷͨʥǿߣڣ˵ͬһӻ־ܽǣ룬ҲӦ޲ذŮ޸ԭ򡭡˵ϵѹƹ⻷ɱӵʥ۷ʵһֻȥ
ĶͷѾ亹
Ͽһңñºһۿһڰ͢ǿ߳ɳôֻͨʥǿߣҵʵһЩҲа취ǣͣ˱֮⣬ڸûзɱˣ
˵һֱˣңɫ԰ޱȡ
΢΢ҡͷ̾˿Ҳֵ֪ͨЩһֱʹڱﵽʲô⣬³Լֻΰ֪ˡ
˼ǣ˵֮⣬Ǿû취ɱ𣿡дһ˿ϣоԼĽŵľҪˣ
һΣûеͷһָںǰҡҡ϶˵С
ʲô취
˲ͼץסϵǸָʶԼʧ̬æſǸǸгˡ
û⣬ջֻ֣ѣҲ򵥡
ԸȥԣȻ
Ѿڳˡϵϸһ˿΢Цĺļ򣺡ᣬڵѪȫﵽʥҪѣҲܸӦԽǿʵ
ô˵һҪȵһ֮ôȻ
΢΢ҡͷҸղѾ˵ˣӵʥ۷ʵһĶ֡
˵ҽԵЩż
һڴϣûֻһ˸ͲĶ֣ѪͨһŮ˷ѾòٴӦҲޣֻмеᣬǵѪǼһͬӦпɱַ硣
пܣɫΪѿ
ǵģϾҲ޷㾿ܸӦϴһңȡ˵Ĺ˼ܼ򵥣ԽԽ࣬ÿһ˸ӦŻԽԽǿֻҪ۵һ̶ȣֲɱ͵Ŀܡ
ǣ֪ǶӣҵĸѾˣ̯˫֣εЦ˼ֱϵڣҲֻʣһϵȫǸûһ˵Ѫȥ壿
ǣкܶӣҲкܶŮǵϿɶѪ˵Ѫ
ץס˫磬ǰͳܸܵѹƹ⻷£Ķ;ĳɳȹ̣뾡ɱַ磬ǾͰеĶŮȫһΪǼѪҲΪǴѹƹ⻷ǰûнйʱڣȫܳɳΪʥǿߣ
仰ͻȻ侲Ĭ죬˵гˣжŮһҲֻжʮһ۶ڽʮңǰҲ˵ѪΣյģ޷ĿҵĶŮ
㶮ϾעźңѾǸˡ㲻ðһðգڣеĶŮδ⵽ַɱҲֻ֪ʱ⣬ҪðգǻԷһ
ǣ֮ҵĶŮȫҪΪūԶʧȥɡЦεԳ
һ⻰ʱŤŤӣ޹һֱΪܱ˺á
ȴΪЩʱ򣬻ȴҪ˸ʹ࣬ʧȥɡ¶һ˿
ι档΢Ц˼峤ȻнѪȥΣѱѪʧȥɵҲǿ˼Ժʱȥ
ҪǱַɱˣʲôûˣ˼Ҳڴ½ϳʧǧ֮˭ǵ㣬ǵô½һ˼塭ððգȫԼ
˵ΣϾͲٶ˵ջԼ˫ֺעź
۵ԸŨŨ֮ɫ˫ȭ߬Ŀֱ죬ؽҧüͷ
˫ֱۣҲżôȴźһ
ΧžֻԶдʥڴ˿̣ȴԵ쳣ѹ֡
ãص³һͷʹԼĶͷ̧ͷгˣҵĳ֮⡭һ磬һѵ۶ʮŮȫ͵ʣµģҲ½˸
˵꣬һתֵǣһһ⣬гˡ
˵ʼ硣
ˡƻǲѾʧˣѹԼ
ǣ֮ǰ׶֮޷ˡûʵϣҲֻһʧܵļƻ²ں
ðɡ̾˿˵ҲѾûüֵڻô
Ȼѿɫһʧ׷ʯɻڸ棬Ҳһֱͱ֮С
԰Ѹ潻ôѯʡ
϶ʱЩɻü׺Ҫ׷ٿΪʲôסûѯʣ˵ͷһѯʱ£ͬ⣬˸ȥ


ں뿪ú󣬹ɫľʯ¡
ƤѥϽɫʯȥʯһ͵Ӱһϥȥ£ɭѾͬ⽻ĺˣδ֮Ȼֻǿһ֣
Ŷתʲô
⻰϶ʱ͸˹Źֵɫ£Ҫǿ鸺׷ʯ
Ǿ͸̻û˿ԥ˵䣬תȥԷɫʯ˫Ȩȣر۾


峿ůӴַȻ۾
˿оһţСèһӽ¹İݣַ粻Ľѣһֻһҹۺ󣬱СشӴ
˶ɽ壬Ժ䲢η壬ַ绹һë̺ظ˰ݵϡ
ϴһֱ߳˷䡣
һ·ϣַ緢ֲ˶Ŀ⿴ԼȻ֪Щͷһһݺݵص˻ȥ
ߵ棬ŵƽʻδжȥַһڶ·һҹʵôûгʲôɣ
شˣûУƽһ
Ŷַ粻Щ⣺ǱҲûκζô
ǵģˡɹ
ˣȥϢɡַŵ˵ͷǵķȥ׼ȥͳ˧
ûǵʱ򣬾ͱԶİ¶ˣԶͺˣˣ
ַȰ߽һ㣬ʵʲô飿
ˡ³ûһһħʦ˵Ҫ


ʮ Ŀ
ѩħǹۡ鷿
˽һˮϣվǰַһֶŶսħʦһ󣬱Ϳ˳ȥ
һĹ鷿ڻָƽֻů¯еĸɲȼʱž
ַ翴ǰħʦժñӣǰҶʻ£ӹһƻӭǰȥħʦſ˫ۣЦ磬ʵ̫ˣ
Ҳܸ˼㡣Цַͬſ˫ַۣӵĶߵǸõĶʽûܸ
Űݲġַ罫һƻݸһǰĻ£ϲ̶̰ʱ䲻Ȼ߼ħʦĲΣ
ȫʦĸûʲôֵýġӹƻҧһڣԴ˺⡣
ַ粻Щ죬֪һħʦҪ߼Ĳ쳣ѣļǵãϴμʱǰöҶʻ£ңַɲ֪ħʦܰͽǿȼİ취ɵʵʦǣ
ַû뵽һ⻰ȻĬϸһ˿ʹ࣬Ͻһ䣺Ǹ磬Ҳѯ˽ġ
Ŷûʲô¶ˬʵЦݣһϻ쵰ȴҲһλֵ𾴵ʦ
ַ绹ûֱԼʦ쵰ˣЦЩǿҲͲڴѯʣϳһο΢ЦѾȥ֪ͨˣһܵ
˵ţַǰһӣϿ˵磬ʲôѴһҪң㰮ãҲһǶϣġ
˵䣬ַļתȥһ
ҡͷЦЦַ磬ֵ̯ûʲôѴ˶ȥħܲʲôѴ
ַĻһκԳ˵ʲôʱͻȻоַԼļϣַ硭ҲֻΪҵãһһҪ㡣
ʲô飿ַ֣صֻҪһӦ㡣
ŶѩħǹˣҪһ㡣ַģЦˣʲô飬ֻҴš
ţַԴɻ
ǰͻȻ̾˿ħñϣɨַ鷿һۣЩεǸϼһӾ仰ʵǲȥȥʱҵãҾúܺʡ
Ժôַһѡ
ǵģӦøĳơˡˡЦš
֪ҽϰˡַʼ磬ӽɫʲôӸԺ˵ģұ֤еһҶμ
ַ磬ҲһħʦҲħܲĸ߼ִ£ԣҶ˽رϼһﴫĻҲйءıҲ֣صһܲõϢ
˶ôַ޲˵Ľ˵Щֵĺƽ
ҲҡҡͷҴϢħҪǰеħʦ
Ŷ죬һܲõϢַɫѿħʦĽɫûħʦҪɱӣ΢һ£ַ绹̲סһ䣺Ϊʲô
ΪˣȻû̫ľеʯͷΪͶʯйǵĴͶʯҲ˾յСͶʯҲ֪˵칤շǷЩͶʯʺܸߣ
жߣַ˿
ܴﵽٷ֮ʮεҡͷ֪ħʦӽħʱ򣬱Ҫվڳǽϣֻܶ׼湥ǵˣҲΪǾͳ˻İӣʱ䣬ÿ춼бħʦȫһϰˣʧѾ½ħʦİٷ֮ˣ
ԣħϯ;еħʦ𣿡ַԺǲ治֪λϯ˾ôģѵħʦҲһ𣿡
ǹµģɣ̾ϢһεҡҡͷַԾģͻȻЦĺܸûǰߵЩ˵ħʦֿЦĴ
Ƕ佫ûжϣħʦ׻谭Ԫؾۼַ˵䣬ͻȻһȭϣ벻ףΪʲô
Ҳ벻ף˭ûа취ǣǿЦң֮ԷԸңתϼһһ仰
ʲôַһ仰Ӧþİɣ
ǵġ˵ͷҸӽʼרעҪٷϡ
ʲô˼ַ粻ɻ
Ҳƣͷ˫ִַļϣַ磬ϣ㲻ҪЩ߰ݡ
ַܸܵ⣬ע˺һŵ˵ͷһǣ΢Цһġ
ʱͶַһϵ΢ЦллҾͷˡ
ʱһٵĽŲ˲ɵö濴˹ȥһתͷĹ򣬾Ϳ鷿űƿˡ
߽һµİݣһǰ϶ʱһɾϲŶ˲Ϲأſ˫˹ȥ磡ˣ
ݣǸûܸǸҲſ˫ۡ
ַ籾ˣ˱һƹߵǰ濴һֲۣûʲô˺󣬲˷š
ݺ໥ʺԷַ翴ۣͶһ˼Ź޲صǾ仰
ûĹİݵĺ󱳣ߵסǧҪκʱɷ򡣡
˵䣬Խݣַȥ
磬ھҪ𣿡ݷŻ˷ܵһ˿ż
һ£΢Цŵͷַּ˹ȥ
ַվ˳ӵһַ磺ھҪȥˣģһҪ
ǵȻַЦЦĽŲһȥ
ߵűߣ˷ţͻȻת˰һۣͶȥһ΢Ц󣬲ַֿ磺Ҫˣټ
˵ţͿ˷ţȥ
ַ翴뿪ıӰ΢΢üͷڷͷݵʱԷǸ΢ЦһĲᣬɲᲢǱϵֲᣬǴַһ˵ĸо
ãǸЦŷͬһ塣
ַ硭ݴ§סַʣ뿪ıӰԴ𣿡
һĴôַÿʵ˫֣תŰݣֹ˷š
ݱһв֪ӿһίַ硭Ϊʲôûң
ɵϣ޳ģַЦŸŰݵգúǻٰһʢĻ񣬵ʱҵˡ
ʲôʱ򣿡ݸокһЩ
ַһ°ݵĶͷҵĸ׵ʱ򡣡
ĸףһ⻰ɫ΢΢һ䣺Ϊʲôûиң
Ǹܿʱˡַ΢΢̾Ϣһҵؼ
ݻ˵ʲôͻȻʱһ
󣬰µ𣺡ˣ˸һš


ʮ ڰ͢
תź󣬰صһţվһԣԸ
ַӹֻһʱüͷ̧ͷʵ£ŵأ˵ʲô𣿡
ˣҰŽȻû˵ʲôͽž뿪ˡû
ַֽ˵òһ¡
ǸˣҲûпòƺЩƣȫ¶źףֻ͸ͷ۾Ǻɫġ
ˣ֪ˣȥɡ˵䣬ַ°˰֣Ȼ˷š
ע⵽ַɫЩ죬ųʵַ磬͹𣿡
ַҡҡͷŷڰǰһ£ŵǺڰ͢
ڰ͢Ҳŷϵɫ΢䣺ڰ͢Ϊʲôأ
Ҳ̫֪Ҹڰ͢ûаϵַųȥߵǻǲ𿪿дʲôɡ
ֵظַߵǰַ£Ĵϡ
ַŰݲŷĻᣬȡ˳ǰϸϸš
ּ㣬Ҳܼ򵥣ַͰȥڰһˡ
һţ˵ɫɵö䣬˭Ҳû뵽ڵĵ飬ôͻȻһַ֮ŷڰǰĸ׵ױ𣿡
Ҳ֪ãȻҡҡͷŤͷַ磺Ҵûпıʼ
ַһݵı飬ʱԴ¶һ˿΢Цˣװģڿȥ·ɣϾܼĸˡ
ǰݵɫЩӣǺϵľϲ˷ܣʧЦû뵽ĸôͻȥ
Ҳû뵽ַڰһ£¶ů΢Ц˵һ£ȥɣܸоѾȲˡ
ûгɣַͷһº󣬾ʹַĵЦңܿͺá
˵ţСųſȥűţͶַһ۵΢Ц󣬲̧ſ鷿
ַ΢ЦŰݵıӰʧְĿŻصϵżϣֻЦѾʧ۵Ȼһ˿ɻ
ʱͻȻԼȥڰѵֻΪ˼ŮŮһ棿

Ȼ˵ܿ죬ѡһ·ʱ򣬲Ѿӽʱ֡
գݻѡһڵĳȹϺڰֺڰա
ȥڰϣλղŸɶġ䡱ŮԵ쳣˷ܣһ·ϲͣضַ˵ĸ׵˼²ĸ׼ķӦ˷ܵģֱֵİ
ַҲӰ˷ܵв׽һ˿֪ݻһŽŵģȥڰʵĳϾڰݺСʱĸ׾뿪޲ظŮȻ֮µط꣬ðڼ֮ҲŸطܰ档
µţĸ׵ڰݵѾԽԽֱڣѾǲԼĸ׵һʲôӣֻܼסʱǸܰԼڻԼͷģ
Խӽڰ·ϣҲԽԽţַ罻̸һֱͣȥ˫ֵǺˮס͸⿴ȥüҲ˵Ĳ
ַ翴ץסݵ˫΢ЦŰοݣɵ㡣
ûлش仰ؿԽԽĺڰʵַ磬˵ĸ׼Һ󣬻ϵó𣿡
Ȼַܿ϶Ŀΰĺڰתصݵϣûĸ׻ϲԼŮ
ǣҵһֲõԤСŤͷĵĿַ磺ܾãĸײеôңôûмңһͻȻȥڰܾáֻһô򵥡
ַ֪ǻûʧ̬˿ӣ§סļЦûأ
Ҳ֪Ҳȥ롣ݽżǰĺڰã
ַһֹֻ˹ıӣˣұ֤Բ
˵仰ʱַ͸ע⵽ԶһټϳŸȥһɫӣÿ˵϶ӡ˼ı־ƥϷŸˮһһ;ģ
ֵַǣͷʶˣʻķַ粻üͷ
ݲַ쳣Ťͷַ磬ôˣ
ݣ㿴һ˼ͷǵˡַָһЩȥ򣺡ҲµĲĻĿӦǺƽԭ
˵Ҫ˼忪սˣЩĵؿַ硣
ַû˵ͷѾ˻ȥ֪ͨˡ
Ҳ𣿡ݽŵץסַ֡
İɣݣҲʲôΣաַֿһԶȥ˵ˣ㻹ǵΪձŮӲô
˵Ҳս𣿡ݶʱǰһȻһɻȡ
ǹˣսأַ΢Цҡͷҵ˼ǣѵǣֱȫս
һ⻰ݶʱйƤûĵַһۣҲףַЩŮ˸ַûаϵֻѩħǼ˽뵽㣬ݵǲɵ¶һ˿۵΢Ц


ʮ ڰ
ڰǰַַŰ󣬷Ը°ͣһߣŴŰݸ·ĺڰʿȥ
Ȼϵλǰ·ĺڰʿһ߽ſڣʱ̲סʵʿ£ʶĸ𣿡
ǵģС㡣Ťͷ΢Цһ£е˶ϵ
Ϊʲôǰʱûи߹ңݲһ䡣
΢ЦǸС㣬Ǹʱĸ׻Ƕ˵
ΪʲôͻȻҪأݲӵ׷ʵ
һΣͣ½Ųתӣ΢΢ӴǸ⿴ŰݣǸС㣬Ĳ֪
ݻѯʲôȴַһڴϣˣݣܼĸˣҪΪλʿˡ
˵ţ㳯ͶȥһǸĿ⣬ظַһмͲٶ˵ʲôٴתȥȥ
Ҳ֪ʿʲʲôֻǣԽӽԽţʱǰʿѾתȥ΢΢̾˿ַ˵ַ磬ֻ̫ˣǰ˽һĸ׵
ַ֪ݵ֣΢΢ЦЦˣϾܼˡ
ŵ˵ͷǰ汻ڰֵĴȥȻⲢһڰȴûһܱȵνš
ȰݣַҪԵֺ࣬ڰĸоȴеЩѹ֣ǰЩɭַ̲ס˿
ںڰʿǵĴ£ַͰ߹˳ȣ˴֮УһߵǰĸͻȻͣ˽Ųת΢΢һ빫˺ͰСԵһ£ھͽȥͨ
˵ͷٴ΢΢ϹתŸڰĵط˽ȥ
һߣͻȻַ˫֣ԭתɫȹӸһתһ𷽲ŽŵģԵ÷ɶ˷ܣת˺üȦ󣬲ſַ磬˵ȻĴ࣬ÿܸоǻصĸ׵ĻһģҲ⣬ĽѾȫʧˣ
ַܸоΧеĺڰԪغܼԼվַĸоһô˵ʱЦоĲĸ׵ȷһֱ
Ҳ˼ܻץסֱַۣǺڰԪأÿʱܸоֻңеĺڰʿһ
Ŷֻеĸо𣿡ַЩ⣬ѺڰųһʲôоͷһļͽűǸǴӺڰ͢ͽ˹ģɲﱻ˷ܡ
ݷ·ûвַһϲ̧ͷܣǣڰԪصʱ°빦ҳĻҪżˮ׼̺ܶܶʱ䡣
˵仰ʱԶĸֳ˵˿æַǰȥʵĸ
ɣҴλȥǶ˵˵ͷתȥʾ˸Լ
û˵ǰһֱַۣۣһ
ַһθоݵĽţ̧һֻ֣˰ץԼֱϵ˫ϡ
ŸǳţַҲסشźڰڲ
ȥУʱʱ̶̿ᵽһֱʥ͵ĸоڰᵽȴׯϡ
иԵص㣬ȺڰɭķΧַ绹ǸԸȥ
ֲô󲿷˶񰡣
һ·Ͻڰţַвɵ̾
ûһǾͽ˴һֱƽһϵ¥ݡ
¥ݵԶǸ߶ĺɫǽڣַֻܿһ¥ϣ浽ʲô塣
Ѿ̤¥ݣȴһ£ͣ½ŲͻȻʵʿ£ҵĸѵ𣿡
ǵģС㡣Ť˰һۡ
ݶʱһüͷǡ
ɡһڴϣתᣬһȥ
ݣôˣʲô𣿡ַ粢ûڰŰݵģɣ̲סһ䡣
ݿ˸ǵıӰһȴ΢΢ҡͷҲ˵Ÿǳȥ
ַΪǰڸڳ˵æ׷ϰݵĽŲͶһѯʵ
ݿַһۣȴҡҡͷĬżȥһصģ
ַˣݶԳߣæ׷ȥһ·ϣ۵·ߣַ粻ϵѯ˰ݺüΣÿһΣֻǳĬҡҡͷʲôû˵
ʹַ֮̾һҲͲټѯˣҪΣյĻҲԥĸȥֻҪһֱȥһȻз
⣬ַҲٶ룬һѹסѹַĸоרĵĳȥ
ԽԽϣַҲԶԶȥһŻɫʯͷɢŻɫĹâ˽ȥԽԽ
ߵһתܶ˵ʱַȻͿһŷľ޴ɫʯһԼֻ˲С
ȴԼʮףҲһ¥ݣŵͷ¥ϣһĿռ·һƬʲôַ¥ݵξ룬ֱ˵ҲжףѾﵽ˺ڰĶˣһʧȥĻ¾żսʿҲûȥ
Ȼַʶ̧ͷһۣͿвʮ׾Ѿӽ컨壬컨һ㱡Ļɫ壬ְĿŻصϣ׵ؾǿɢŻɫâľ޴ʯ£һȫںӰ
Ѿ˹ȥĿϵǸӰǲ⣬૵ûĸѽ
ϵǸ˭ַ翴ЩʧæסݣͣԭأݲشԼʱ;ʿ£ݵĸ׾Ǵʲôط
ˣС㣬תظһ仰
ַʱ裬һֽݻһֻ׺Ȼֱָ֣ǣҲʿشҵ⣡
˵ַѾתߣױĹâ¥ݿڣҲǰǵϡ
ֻǣȴȻ壬ַͳԼҲһѽ彣ֻϡһҲ׼ַ磬ˣ벻Ҫ䣡
һ飡Ҫǻ˵ұ֤Դͻּңַ䣬Ѿ׼ʱȥױĶ


ʮ ݵĸ
ŭһ˵ʲôʱǿ޴ĻɫʯǸͻȻǣȥ
Ȼûʹöȴڶ𣬳ϣһڣһֿͷ
ǣ£Ƕʱַ磬תǸӰϥսȥž֮ɫַһۡ
ַȻ˸ǵĳƺʱһüͷԶǸӰһۣǷеףվԣÿһ·
Űѳջ˽ַԵЩ͵İ΢΢һ˳ַÿĵ·ȥ
ݣݡַջףżڰݵǰһ¡
ǻعн˽࣬ץסַ֣촽һ򣬵û¡
ҡҡͷԶĺڰ̻ʿȥַ⣬ǣŰݵһֻ֣ţźڰ̻ʱȥ
ݵĲܿ죬Ȼż£ַҲһ½µĲϰݵĽ࣬һţҲһߴźڰ̻ʱˡ
ڰ̻ȫں֮УҲڣַߵĶôʼն޷ڰ̻ʵݣͨڰ̻Ȩȵַֻ֣緢֣ڰ̻ƺϣᡣ
ϵƤûκ壬Ҳһ󣬷ֹ嶼׷ֲ԰ס
һַвɵɻ
Ȼûм̻ʵı壬ҲӰִʦ̻ʵִͨʦĽ̻ԶȺڰ̻СĶ࣬ȴѾ˴ĺƣϵƸǰڰ̻ʵȴһ˿ƶûУ
˵ʲô
ѵ˵ԭǸڰ̻Ѿˣǰλڰ̻ʲǸִʦ͹̻ͬʱˣ
ɻַͰҲѾߵ˺ڰ̻ʵǰ
ݸڰ̻һ֮󣬶ʱżʵ£ĸģģʿΪʲôǴ
ַ統λ½϶ǿ֮һĺڰ̻ʣҲ̫Ű΢΢һ
ڰ̻ʲûֱӻشݵ⣬ǳַһͷƿͷϵĺɫñӡ
˲䣬źڰ̻ǰһռݳǰһŵһݣ߸ߵıͱ촽ȥԵЩ̱׼ĵޱȣܶܡ
ݿźڰ̻ʲΪ̲סżʵ£Ұɣҵĸ׵ģǿǿҵĸźģ
֪ڰ̻ʾؿŰݡ
ַͰ仰һ˲䣬Բ˫ۣ̲סһۺ󣬲ŵĿźڰ̻ʣͲ
Ϊڰ̻ʵ仰һдһ˿ŮͲ֮ǰӺڰ̻﷢Ǹϵ
ѵݸоԼĺüһƺҪ˺ܿƵĲ˫ȴ˿̶ǹǦһƶһ
Եַץ˰ݵ֣Ҳס˺źڰ̻ʱˡ
ڰ̻ʣ˵ķӳޱ飬һַֻյıԵһĴ̵ָĶ
ַ翴ϤĶͫײһΪڴߵʱÿ֮ǰⶼʹõĵһ
Ȼղֱڰ̻סǸǣһ
ꡪ
߽£һµ׶ʱ˵ǰ
۾üëͱֻͣǰİ޼ֻϲ¶ĳζ͸¶ǻ۶ǰеģ
һ˾µףַɣڰ̻ʿĺ±һűȰݻҪ˵ĻߣȻסŮһųζȴִһ˿ףҲһζ
ڰ̻ʴ˿ǹһ˿΢ЦһȣһŰݳ˻
ݷ·ҲƲסԼַ֣ſ˫۳ڰ̻ȥһѱסţĳΪŵĻһ˿
ڰ̻ͷȰĿŻеŮһȨȶʱվ˵ϣֻ֣ḧŰݵԴ
ַ˿ظһ³һ˫ַǰ΢ЦſǰӵĸŮ
˰죬ݵĳСڰ̻Ʋ˶ַһۣͷݣˣδڿЦء
Ťͷһַ磬ȻַЦſԼԼʱĵسԼһɵΪЦ
ЦŤͷźڰ̻ʣվַߣ΢Ц˲ϵˮֿڰ̻ʣһǿʵΪʲôĸףΪʲôԭȲң


ʮ ڰ̻
ҵŮΪǻʱ򡣡ڰ̻סȨȣƽŰݺַ硣
һ̲סǰһʱĸףʲôвʱ򣿡
ڰ̻ûش⣬ԼŮ¶һ˿ӵĹʡ
ڵϣڰ̻һֻ֣ḧŰݵӣȻŰݵ۾ݣ㻹ǵʲôʱ뿪ĸ׵𣿡
ʱ򡣡ûоκ˼˵仰˵Ȼһ̵ļ䣬ץסڰ̻ʸԼֻ֣Щʮˡһֱûб䡣
ڰ̻ʷ·ЩֱӰݣ΢΢Դ𣿡
ݼᶨҡҡͷ濴źڰ̻ʣһֱпԵġ
˵䣬ݲɫһôҲû뵽ڰ̻ʱ»ҵĸףҵĸһֱߣҾȻûз֡
ݡڰ̧̻ͷ֪ΪʲôΪڰ̻𣿡
ݳĬһص˵ͷ
ڰ̻ʼˣͻȻŤͷַ翴һַۣ⣬ʼ磬ЦȻرһ𣿡
ڰ̻ʳϵҡҡͷؿַ磺ɣΪһ㽫һ񡣡
񣿡ַʱüźڰ̻ʲǿЦӣĪһ¡
Ҳûڰ̻ʵĻһãȻؿĸף˵ľָʲô
ӣ꣬뿪ĸ׵ȷɼڰ̻ٴοݣûͣǽĹ£ȥЩ꣺һֱǵãһҼеÿ춼Ҫ䣬ʱ壬ů¯ԱߣȻܸо޿ײ롣
ַźڰ̻ʵĻ֪ΪʲôһĿܸУŰרעĿ⣬һ˫ֱۣĬżȥ
Ǹ춳˺ܶˣ游ĸڰ̻һ˿ģʱĸ׸սʥ򲻾ãôɫΪҺĸϺ㵱ʱͶҵĻץҵȹǿΪʲôȥˣ
ڰ̻ôһ˵ƺǽĵ׵ļƬƴǹһ˿ЦĿů
ǣȴڵǸڿẮ֮±üȶʱбΣգڸ㸸úҾȥҵʱĽ̻ʱʸǣҶ˺ڰ
˵ڰ̻ʵıЩŹ֣ʵһ̻ʱµƢܹŹ֣ҵʱһܻƶûκθˣÿӦһ£ҪõҪõģ游һӿԴõôһĺô˭С
ȥʱѾ֪游ѶǣûбֳһİˣװԸ⣬Ȼڼȴ֮¿ŰȾ㣬ȴΪֻһֻҪҴӦŻ㡣
˵󣬺ڰ̻ʾ֮Уһ
ʲôݼʶ˳˿ĸ׵潲ƺᵽʱĸ׾ͿҪģ̲ס˺ڰ̻ʵֱۡ
ַȻûһڰ̻ʵһȴ뵽ԼĸȣԼʱΪԼһϵ뵽ʱһָͬܵĸо
ļ̳ˡڰ̻ʵлһ󣬼̳ĻλΪȥδɵ顣
ΪʲôΪʲôҪѡеʵûмǴĻʱֻа˼н׵ʵͬΪ˾ңΪʲôѡѾﵽʥĸףѡأѵʱ˼ʵܷ𣿡
ǺǡҵʱҲôġڰ̻ʿЦҡͷ·Ԩһۣתص˰ݵϣûлشңֻѡӦǲӦ
ǡʹӦˣݵȻһ鴤
ûѡ񡣡ڰ̻һǣþˣڵȶΪڰ̻ǩһԼ
ԼַͻȻһ䣬ɫЩѿѵħʦħǩԼô
ڰ̻͵Ŀַһۡ
ַʱͺ޺޵һ䣺ǸûԵļһ
ŰһãȻģַ̾˿͵ݣͬƽԼԼһǩΪˣκʱ򶼲Υ˵־ңʱþȨħʦħ޵Ĺϵ
ͣɫ䣬ڰ̻ʵУֶһΪۡ
ѩħǹ㶮úܶࡣڰ̻Ŀַһۡ
ַ²͸ڰ̻ʵζʲôòǿһ䣺лл
ڰ̻ûַϼͣ˳ŷŵĻ˵ȥҪҲ׼߳벽Ҳ׼òʾˣңͬ⣬Ҳ뿪߷ֺ֮⣬ҲûֵҪǣұҰ˷룬ҪͷҲĸ׸ҵȥ
´Ҳκڵĳϣ͢İսǣڰ͢ΣһȥҴ㸸׵˽⵽һĳĸҲȥħᡣ
ַͷ̾˿ݵѾڻźڰ̻ʣüΪĸףܿˡ
˵䣬ݱƲסԼһͷԽ˺ڰ̻ʵĻ
һ̣ڰ̻۵˲һ˿óѵЦ⣬ַ̧ͷһ˲䣬ý˿óѲ׽ˣɵ΢΢üͷ׺ڰ̻ʲô˼
ڰ̻ʲûַ磬ŰݵԴ˵һתõͳ֮󣬱¶˵ѾҪﵽļޣǣ㽫һжңңʧ˼ħᣬһʼѡΪ̳ˣԣʥʦױ㰴ķԸ䣬游ĸҲ˵õ
ʲô˻һݶʱʧ˳벻еһУȫһڰ̻ƺõġ
ַȻϿ׵飬Ͷ԰ڵ˻ɣ˿Űĸ˵𾪵ʵҲһֻǣڿڰ̻ʷ˿óѵЦܾһֵֹֹĸо
ͺ񡭡ڰ̻ʱһֱڿĸݹһ֡ܿǱȡһ
Ȼûκβףַúڰ̻ƺͼ
̻ʱ£ʣеġħᡯָʲôһ̻ʱΪʲô˲ϧֶ̳λأҡҸеɻǣﵽͷ֮ǰʵѵͲŭڰ̻ʵλô
ַ⼸仰νһѪȫҪλϣźڰ̻ףַʱװһ޹ģʼ磺Ǹ£ҲǶĻɣֻǣ֪һ̻ʱһԼҲͻʧҲͻָ
˵ţַ糯ǰһȷݱԼƿطΧ֮ڣ˵˵ȫһܺߡǣĺ֪Ϊʲôһ̻ʱûлصݵߣĸԸΪݺ˼ôأ


ʮһ 
ַ仰һ˵꣬ݵɫɵһ䣬æ̧ͷһճյؿźڰ̻ʣѽĸףʱΪʲôص׵أ
ڰ̻Ȼַһۣַ翴һ˿棬ɫֿ˰һüͷûпڽ
ڰ̻ʺְܿĿתص˰ݵϣ̾˿ҵĺӣδȻܴ˵һ㲻͹ϵȷ֪֮ǰ跨һʵȫиңңڰǩԼҲһͬתƵҵϡ
˵ţڰ̻Ȼת̧ͷǰɢŻɫâľʯһ˿Դ۵Ȼ֮ұڰ͹ϵҳΪˣûκѡĽ˱µΣ֪ڼҸ޷뿪
ڰ̻תŰݣ޷ص㸸׵ߡ
ͣ۵׶ʱָãʶľͳַ翴˹ȥַڰ̻ʵĻһЩ
ִʦ˵̻ʺͺڰ̻ʵȷ޷߳ֻû뵽һڰ̻ʾȻ͵ݶ˰ݵĸף˿Ȼȷݵĸû˵ѣҲûȫ
΢˼һ£ַźڰ̻ǷǷǸǸ̻ʱ£ԭҵð
ڰַ̻һۣûг
ֱַ֮ͻȻһתһδʵǣ̻ʱ£Ϊµͺһ̻ʱµЩҪӦöʧЧ˰ɣҾã޷߳صݺԺ˵ߣҲȫʱаǰɣ˵ΪֹҲûＸΣңҸеɻǣΪʲôڲݱ¶أ
˵䣬ַͣŵעźڰ̻ʣڵʵȻǿͼĺڰ̻ȴһֻ϶㲻ϣҪǵİݣ϶˵ЩðĻ
ϾĸŮʮδ˴˼ԷѾİˡ
ڰֻ̻һλͨĸף밲ط߿ַҲ֡
ڰ̻ǿȨȴŹ͢ǿжԵĸף֪һֱڵ۶ȴٳٲ밲ַоͻȻ¶ݸݡ߿ࡱǱһġ
ַĻȻҲַ⣬ΪŮȴȻȻѡԼĸףźڰ̻ʣ͡
ڰ̻ЩƵؿַ磬Ȩǰһ˰һۣǿѹŭ͵Ϊڵ꣬ҵ޷ܱȫʵȫΪ˿ϵǿάÿʱÿ̶ܸܵǧֻͬʱ˺ҧһʹ
ԣһʱͻץЩԳܵľ޴ûЩ֮ǰҲʥǿߣʧȥ˱µıӻû㹻ʵڣû㹻в͢ʵҵȻұ¶ݣ
Ϊù͢˼ٶ԰ݵĻɣҸǲ밲ݾ棬Ҳ밲ݵĸ׾桭ͣѩħǹ𣡣
һ䣬ڰ̻ȻƲסеŭȻߣտĻﲻϻص
⻰̲סһᣬ˽˺ڰ̻ʵĻַ˵źûĸףַ粢ⶥײģֻΪҺá
Ǹ̻ʱ¡ַд˿Ҳźڰ̻Ͽҵ֪ұҪΪҵδ޸룬ҲϣŮŮκεİɣ
ôһ˵ʱúڰ̻ûƢһ£һŭ޴йֻڨڨذ˰֣Ĭַ̬ȡ
͵͵һһַ磬ۺҸںڰ̻ʻ˻̧ͷʵĸףô˵Ѿȫһµʵ𣿡
ڰ̻ͷһҲ֪ΪƽϢŷŭ𣬻Ƕôĥ¡
ַһתȴʱظ֮ǰһʣ̻ʱ£֮ǰ˵ġħᡯָʲôΪʲôһ̻ʱ˲ϧñֶ̳λأ
ַǼǵ֮ǰڰ̻˵ҪһĻܾãڰ̻ʿе񡱣롰ħᡱֱӵĹϵңֺڰ̻ʴһʼԼͲôѺãһ˿˵Ķ
ַһΣУоºܻܿᷢһЩ֮顣
ַʵʱ뵽ʲô˼˵˳ĸףһΪ̳λã䣬ǣͬĺӣΪʲôûŴ䣿ҷŴأ


ʮ ߹
⣬ַ粻ɵþһݣⲻǰһֱʣҲͬʡ
˵ͬһĸ׵ĺӣΪʲôǸֻŴ˰ݵأ
ѵ仹ʲôԻԻ򲻳ɣ
ַͰһԻӣڰ̻ʵӿֳһɷĵԺһ˿Խ΢ЦͦأŰݽҵĺӣΪһͬħᡣ
شԵرģǲĿַ磬Ҫַõ𰸣ʧǣַҲһɻ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ĸף˵ħᵽָʲôѵŴҵй𣿡ջǰĿ˺ڰ̻ϡ
ڰ̻ϵĽɫԴؿһԱߵַ磬Ž͵ҵĺӣҪ֪Ƭ½ϣֻֻ塢塢Ͱĸ壬֮ǰƬ½ϳ˻֮⣬֧ص壬֧٣ƣ֮УȴǱӵиǿʵ
֧嵽ʲô壿ݼʶľʳ仰ҧҧ촽һ䣺˵ħ֧֮һ𣿡
ݣ˵ĺܶԡڰ̻һ˵ԵЩ񿺷ܣϵıҲüΪḻһ֧Ϊħ壬һֻΪ壬ֻϼһһཻ֮ϣµĺ̳ǿѪļʾֻаٷ֮ʮ
ǰ֮սȥ֧ǿΪ֪ԭΪ˱ԼòӡԼѪһƽݣҵĺӣһǼ̳ǿѪħᡣ
Աߵַ˫üüԭ򲢲Ϊڰ̻ؿһۣΪڰ̻ʵһ
ҲִʦѪ߽֮ǰ飬ִʦѪȴֻ֪壬ħ壬ڰ̻ʼȻ˵ս飬Ǿ˵ȷ֪֮ǰһС
һڰ̻˵֧µ壬ַĺĶʱͱ
ЩӶʱһƺЩַԼؿַһۣͷ촽̧ͷʵĸףҡ壬ħʲôȱ𣿡
˵仰ʱ򣬰ԵЩţһַ磬ȿַͶЦʱԷģЩеĿźڰ̻ʡ
ǣڰ̻ЦЦȻЦһֱЦַͰЩջͣ£Щ̿ͣƬ̣Żݣҵĺӡ࣬ħ岢ûκȱݣҪĶ࣡
˵䣬ڰ̻Ƿӿ̲סſ˫ۣħѪŮ᳤һףŮȶˣ޳ͽ׳ӡ֮УȻ޿ɱ츳
ңһЩÿһħڼѪ֮ѪҺɫӵħǿ󱬷Σͷÿһħ嶼ᱬʵ
һ˵ţڰ̻һߴӻһذףԼֱϻһ¡
󣬰ݺַͿӺڰֱ̻˿ĹȻɫѪҺһεʯѪϣ˲ʧַͰ𾪵ͬʱҲһԽµ˽䱸֮ġ
ڰ̻ʿŰݾȵӣذ׷ŻػУ̧֣ɫѪҺ䣬ḧŰݵӣϸһ˿ȣݣĸ粢ûм̳ħѪԣֻһ࣬㣬֮ŴµǸ䣬ΪǸߵȵħ壬ֻиߵȵħŻ֡
һ˵⻰ַͰüȻļ仰Դ˵һ䣺ĸףҲĺӣáأ
ֻΪڰ̻һʱŵ¿ֻǣû뵽ǣڰ̻ʸͲǿݵĻϵͱģҲЩֱ׳Ĵߣûм̳ħѪһ࡭
ĶӣݺȻһڴϣڰ̻ʵ︡һ˿İһ˿ʧ
ַ̲ס̾һҡҡͷɵ룺ݵĸѾ߻ħˣ
ڰ̻ʱݴϣǵû侲ԵøӼŰݴֻ̳޲صѪﲢûҵѪ
˵ţڰ̻ЩԵؿŰݣһȥݣֻ㣬ֻŮӵи߹Ѫͳħ塭
ݱƵһˣ֮⣬İʧҲԽԽ࣬ԱߵַʵǿȥˣȻ̧ȥһ¾͵˵ǰݻ󣬺ηӭڰ̻ʵĿ⣺̻ʱ£룬ӦҪ侲һ
һ¡ֻδ˵ڰ̻ʶʱǱŭһԲ۾ַ࣬ƾҲȢ߸߹ħ壿
˵ţڰ̻һѾͽַ˦
ַֻһ޷ܵͻȻϮԼԼûӦĹǸеһۣһֿռ伷ѹĸоʱͰ˦˳ȥ
ɹؼǣΪխ˲Уһ˦ȥʱͳ·ȥ

ݲʧֵؼ˳ۿַҪԨ˲䣬ȻãԼģƺҲȥ
һгַȥַȥһ̣ץס֡
ǣڰ̻ȻֻһȻһ˾ܻģȻץסַ֣ȴǱɼһͬȥֻоһ˲ҲַһԨ
ֻһַ̣֣ݰϣһ˿ο
ͻıʣúڰ̻侲ŵȥİݺַ磬ɫ䣬ֻΧռŤһ£ŤƺǱż˲ͽԨ·Ͷȥ
ֻۡһƿ𣬺ڰ̻ʵӾڵһ㣬Լٶȳ·ַͰݡɡȥ
ַԭʹÿռԼͰݵ·³ɿϷĺڰ̻ԼٶȽӽԼ뷨
Ȼû˵һ仰Ĺ򣬺ڰ̻ʾѾ˵ǰһץסһˣ˲ͣ
ͻĹֱַоһӿɫЩ԰ףߵİҲַǿ϶٣ֻǣ֣϶һοЦ
ڰ̻ӱ䣬עַ磬һ޲ðַĹͷҪԽȥģƺԹΪʲôҪŮ
Ҳע⵽˺ڰ̻ʵı飬̲סЩĵĿһַ磬һ˿󣬳ڰ̻ʵĸס
˵ԵַͻȻһֱʾⰲݱټ˵ȥ
Ȼ΢Ц˺ڰ̻ʣӭ˺ڰ̻ƺܳ˵Ŀ⡣
ַ֪Լǲ˵Ҫ˵Ļ
̻ʱ£Ȼһ࣬Ұӵи߹Ѫͳħ壬κʱԸΪҶһУҲðֻԳԽ壬ҲԳԽһУǱ໹Ǹ߹ħ壬Ƕӵͬĸ顣
˵䣬ַһѵ̻ʱ¡Ҳӵͬһθ飬ţˣҲ϶ΪһС


ʮ ĸŮ
仰ַ˵ĺܳϿң£оݵһʶŤͷһۣͿԼͶмĿ⣬ͳڰ̻ʿȥεĸף֪𣿸һֱڵûб䣬Ȼ
ڰ̻ʵɫܲÿвʱӵɫҲԽ
ݼϷæҪ˵Щʲôɺڰ̻ʿݵģʱԵסڣ
仰ЩŭƺЩܲСġѵ˵䣬𽥱üᶨֻǣ۵ӹһ˿
˲͸һįַ̾˿
ڰ̻ʿ˵ģûڣץˣҲûٷǻسȥ
ٶȺӹַߵķֻܽͷ𣬲ַע⵽ڰ̻Ȼޱ飬ƺҲЩͣȻ˼ʲôַ绹ܸоץԼϴǹĲ΢
Ѿ˵ϣַҲûټȰ˵ȥģֻмǣŰݵ֣;ǽϿӡЩһһַ
ʵ˵Ȼַо¿飬ôֱ½ȥ·ᵽ˶δʱֳĸо·ʱҲһһ
½ٶ죬˺ܿѾҪ䵽˵档
ַע⵽һƬտĿյأذҲӡһЩķţڿյصԣȥ¥ݣǸ֮ǰͰȥĸʿѾ¥ݿڣԻһڰʿ⣬¥ݿҲڰʿ
滹нӽ׵ʱ򣬺ڰ̻ʺܲɿץַֻ֣ݺַ˭ûϵֻоŵһءһ죬ַ˲͵˵ذϣʹƺһ
ߣڰ̻һεץסݴʱҲ˲Ӻڰ̻æַߣַް̧֮ͷЩջ𣺡ĸףô
ݡڰ̻һڴϣǿץס뿪ַߣĳ˵ҵĺӣǸ߹ħ壬ҾϷµĴݡ
󣿡һ˵ַߣʧĿźڰ̻ʣĸףѵ޸һʼһ𣿡
һ˵ţҲһַ߽ӵϷ
ַˤļҲǺڰ̻ʻеļ򣬴˿ȻѾˣúڰ̻ʲԼǿĻָżվεҡҡͷ̾Ϣݣ߰ɣǱǸҲôġ
ݻûü˵ڰ̻ʼҪߣʱͳǰȥΪʲôط߾ߵô
һ˻ſ˫۵ַǰžȻĸףҪַ磬ǾȰɱˣ
˵ţʾ̧ͷӭڰ̻ʵĿ⡣
ڰ̻ʼˣæͣ½ŲøӵĿ⿴ŰݣһͻȻȵ
£¥ݿڵʱһַ
϶Űɫɫһ˿ڰ˭û֣ٶȳ嵽ַǰ
ַ֪ԼɱˣԶҲ߳ڰʯ֮ʿǵ㣬ʹõ罣ͷӿռָȡӲһɨһԲ
ڰʿȻֻа˼ʵַȫһɨʱƵ˵ĶںӲûУƵ˵Ķûдǵףֻ˵һۼ
ס֣һз̫죬쵽ڲŸշӳԥıסַ磬Լֱ۵λûַĿڡ
Ȼǲ˺ݣһ̣ԥĿ˺ڰ̻ʡ
ڰ̻оһ˻˻֣һ㣬ͬʱźڰ̻ʵͷȥ
ĸ˻ص˷ŵλãҲѾֱַ۹ͬ˺ڰ̻ʡ
ڰ̻΢΢һԴ͵Ŀַ磺Բ٣Ϊ࣬СС;Ȼ˾żн׵ĲΡ
н̻ʱµĸҪڵʵ¸ղѾλʿˡַʾĺһ䣬ȻǶԸղŵ
Ҳ˵Щʲôڰ̻ʲַ磬һתɫݣħ壬ǺڰĺҪףÿһλħʹΪڰ񸴻һŬǴһѾϵΣ޷ж
˵ţڰ̻ʳŰ֣ҵĺӣֻҪߣΪ㼤Ѫܴܿﵽʥʵѵ㲻һɷĸо𣿶ңĸף㽫õϵȨеʿȫҪĺڽҲΪϵĻߣΰĺڰ񽫻ˣ
ַźڰ̻ʵջ̲סû˵һ䣺ߣӲĲоô
ڰ̻ʶʱͺݺݵصַһֻۣյһۣݱֵַǰ
ƺѾǳ侲ûκα飬ڰ̻ʵİȴǳģ
ûʲôΣҲʲôħᣬֻһͨŮֻһ˼ĸʮŮֻ밴Լ뷨ȥʲôڰҲ޸ɡҲᵥΪһ翵ξͰԼһĽȥ˾ȥ˺ҵ˺ҰˣǱ࣬ԸһӶȥ
ݣڰ̻ɫһ䣬̲סȥֻǣһ̣ûʶΪѾ˺ǰҵŮġ
ݴһʹźڰ̻ʣͣ½ŲһҡͷԳ㲻ҵĸףҵĸײҲԸȥ飬ҵĸ׸ҵĸףһˣҿֵĻȥҰԼ뷨ȥ
ڰ̻ʵ۽Ȼһ飡
ݸо΢ᣬһ£ӻȡһذףǰһֱŵذףͷһۺ󣬲̧ͷڰ̻ʣЩ᣺㻹ǵʮʱ˸ذף㻹ǵһСŮᾭץȹǶĻͲҪҺַȥ
˵ݾеذףж׼ԼĲӣ۽ǻһΣȴӲ㲻ǵһˡҾͻذ׽ҵҪĸ߹Ѫ㣬ϵջȥ
ݡַܸоݲ壬Ѿ˰ݲѾһ˿Ѫĺۼ̲סһ䣬ʱذ׵׼
ڰ̻ʣһסˣǴ㵣վԭأǰԼ͸ĵŮ¶һɻȻã顣
ݽ촽ճյؿƺҪϤİĺԽԽ죬ͣһ𽥵سȥ
ڰ̻һֻ֣ƺҪٴδݵӣֻ쵽һϾȻɫʱͣ˰С
һ̣ĵģҲֹһ
ڰʿԣϽǰѥĦġϡƺôÿһ˵ϣ
ڡ
ڰ̻ʹϵһֹֻ֣ڰʿǰޱƽߡ
䣬ڰʿԼͬڰ̻ʵϥȥַһڱݽҧ촽۾Ҳеذס
ٴ۾ʱĴʧȡ֮һɼᶨͬƽصлл㻹üǵЩҲллʮΡ




ʮ ޲صķӦ
ȥһ·ϣݱֵĶ򶨣һӺڰ߽֮󣬰ݾҲƲסԼһڴϷ
ַԸֱӰȥѧԺ󣬲߽֮С
ŰԴڴʹ޵İݣַŲ߹ȥ§ס˫磬ĶߵǸݣĲô
תͷˮַ磬ҡҡͷһβԺҲ϶ģңĲڣΪһΣҳ׶ϾԺ󻹻ͷ
ҪţһжġַΪȥϵˮһ۾
Щʧĵ˵ͷ߽߽Ҷ׾˿Ҳиԭһ죬µİ̺ȴԶ˲
ңµİһġַݵգ˵ʲôʱȴһڴϣǣĺʹ࡭
˵ţһַַֻϣַ磬㲻Ҫ˵˺ôҿһһС
ַ͵һ飬̾˿ÿݵ֣صص˵ͷ
ݶʱɬһЦ§סַĺ󱳣Ļһο
ܿ˱ѧԺַĲ֮ٴʱѾָƽֻԵЩ
һ·ϣû˵ϲ÷·ξȫɢ޲ص鷿ǰݵв㸡һ˿ů
ַߵ췿ţܿʹ޲Щƣشôɣ
һΥжʱӿһɺصĹУһʱ䣬ںڰһһ顣
ҲƲסĵķӿַ˵߽һƿ˷ţ˽ȥ
޲صϰһ飬ʱѾȥķ֮һҳͷЩͣҲ˳һҹûϢ
ش磬ϯСӵֻȥɣȻû̽棬ΪϰأɵŲ̧ͷʱȴһ¾סˡ
ݽҧ´վſڲԶλã۾޵Щ죬׵ϻˮʪµ΢ӡǡ
ݡ޲͵һվŵĿŰݵģƳһ߳ȥһ߳ԾҵŮôˣ
ӭԼ޲أҲƲסԼ͵س޲ȥϤֽʶļϣݱ̲סһη
ַ߽鷿һ۰ݲ˫޲һã󣬱˷ţվſڡ
޲Բ֪ʲôԵЩ޴룬һʵ࣬һֲĴϰݵĿڿվſڵַ磬ɫʱһ䣬ŭַ磡㾿Ůʲô
ףַ˵ݱȺһ䣬һ£뿪޲غʵļʹҡͷףַ磬
޲صɫźһЩ˲ַ磬۵סݵļ򣺡ݣôˣң׷ʲô
һ⻰һ£űʹҡͷҧһֶ˵޲Ҫ׷ʣһҧ޲صĻȻ鷿ƫţ˽ȥ
أ
űݴϣ޲æǰŴ򿪷ţȴϵ˵ʲôʱ򣬰ʹŷŴ˳ףҪң侲һ°ɣ
޲ضʱסˣȻתַȥַ磬׷ʲôͰݲŸոնһ죡ңΪʲô⸱ӣ
ǸոմӺڰ˺ڰ̻ʵ롣ַͳƽһ۱Ĳţ޲һ롱ƣǿһЦԺˣ̸ɣһеĹ̶
޲һ⻰ʱסˣϾһӦ˸ӵı飬ַƣ޲ϵб飬תȥȥ
ַˣ΢΢һҲ˹ȥ޲֮ϣٴοһԱߵĲţתͷ޲
ַ署ĹУ޲ûвһ仰ԵЩôͷϵ鱾
ַ署̧֮ԴѪ˿˫βסįĲðѰںڰ߰͢ݡ
ַ̾˿֪Ǻڰ̻ʵ֣޲ĵӣ̲סοԺˣⲻûи߰ݣҲͬյڰ͢š
˵ĲǺǡ޲زЦһʵԤϵһˣֻû뵽ô졣
ַ粻һδҴŰȥѵΪ𣿡
ֻһ֡޲ز˵Ƭ̣ͻȻתƻַ磬׼ʲôʱأ
ٹɣַüͷֳſȥĺܵģҲֻİο˵ǹˡסɣҾͽһȥ֡
Уַϣ޲غȻһڴϣҡͷѾˣȻһηŹ˰ݣѱڶͻı⣡
ϾǰݵĸףӦòôİɣַ粻ɵü޲أң޷߳ڰ𣿰λʥǿӦòбڰ͢ǿȥΣհɣ
ַ磬㲻˽ħѪ԰յҪԣ޲ҡҡͷ̾Ϣңͣʹ岻߳ڰҲһʹǰҸͲĶ֣
ǡҪʹĻҸȥ־ܶù𣿡ַɻĿ޲ء
޲ػվĿ֮˸ַ翴Ĺâɫַ磬ң϶ȥ֡
ΪʲôһΣַˣѵҵﻹһλ𣿾͵ĻҲǺڰ̻ĶְɣңҲΪʶİȥڰ̻ʰɣ
ңַ磡޲΢΢ҡͷַɻ󣺡ֻڻܸ㣬ұ֤յҰ
ðɣַĬһ΢΢̾Ϣһɣðݽס£ھͻȥһ£һ磬Ҿ͹
ַ޲ػЩģ°;˼һջǲðݾ뿪ǣ̾˿УǾɣ밬սӦòͻȻı⣬ҲҪһЩʱºġ
ھͻȥ׼һ¡˵ţַվ޲صͷ֮󣬱һ˲ıϣݣԺһҹɣһȥҵء
Ĭãַ̲סҪת뿪ʱ㴫˰ݵãġ
仰ַԷת뿪ŸͻȻи飬üͷתӣϴɻɫ޲صԺˣ֮ǰһҪһҸԴĻ
޲ضʱһɫַЩƣʲô
ַȻ̫˽޲صļ£Ҳо޲֮ƺһصᣬֻǣʱַҲûȥΪԸӲģ޲صĻ󣬱΢΢ü˵仰ǹӸġ
޲صıʱ˼֡
ǵġַ˵ͷ˵ԭԸһֵĻ˵ӽʼרעҪϡ
£ַû뵽ǣ޲صɫȻһ¾ͱòҰף


ʮ ִ޲
޲صӦַһ̲סʵԺˣôˣ
ַ硭޲صͻȻø˵ַ֣ʱЩǵĿһ鷿Ĳţ֣
ַɻ޲ȥ߽ʱ޲ؾżʵȥħˣ
ַҡҡͷۡҵġ
޲صɫٴαѿ
ַ˵̾Ϣһ˳˵ȥԺˣ绹ңѾǰߵħʦٻأȻ˵˵Ŀ겢࣬ǣһЩ̫ףѵڹЩʿͲô
ַһ䲢ʣֻһԹ̾Ϣ޲εĵһ䣺Ŀǵ۶
۶ַһͻȻһɲõԤС
޲سصЦһѵ˵Ŀ񣬹ĿҲ񡣡
ô˵ϾҪôַЩרערע׼ӭѣ
Ӧûһʱ䡣޲ҡͷַĲ²⣺ָһ飬Ҳ֮ǰͰݾ뿪۶Ҫԭ򡣡
ʲô飿ַһ䡣
޲Ŀַһۣû˵
ַŻȻʶӦǺڰ͢ܣƬ̣Դԥļ˵֪Ԫִͣʦ˵Ԫǻ£ΪķսǣΪԪͣ˵ĻӦôԪѵԪѾδֺ֧ڰô
ַףδ޷Ǿǹͺڰ˭ȡʤֻҲͬҪ
˵ԪȻվڷһߣ䣬ԪΪ棬ҲҪѡһȷ֧ߣ͵£δľ޷ǾΧŹͺڰչ
ȡ֧ԼԽ࣬δȡõʤҲԽԣַŻ²ԪѾѡ֧˺ڰ
ǣַϣ޲ĻȴǽҡͷҲַ磬ԪûվںڰһߣҲǺңھҡ
һ˲䣬ַȻһ£˳ǣŵѵԪվ˹һ𣿡
֪Ԫվ˷һߣǼŷؼʱ򸴻޲ĿַһۣԣħȻҲվȴǹ͢ͺڰͬ͢ĵˡ֪Ҳںڰֻ͢ҲҪȥ¡
޲ַͣ˹֪ԼҲٶѯȥĬƬ̣̾˿޲صӣϵԺˣʱҲһ߰ɣŰҲһ
С޲붼ûһڴϣҲߣ޷ա
ǣԺˣֻǱַ̲࣡סһ䡣
޲ȴҡͷַ磬˵ˣ֪Ǻ⣬ҾԲ뿪գʲôӣҶ뿪
Ժˣַ͵شһŭǿѹŭƽĺӣݺ綼Ҫ磬֮ƺһЩܴᣡ
ַ磬֪ҶǷܶ࣬պһ취ⲹڡ޲صΣǼĳӣҪеΡ
һ䣬ַĪоһһ£ƽԺˣÿ˵ĳ޵ġ
ֻǣһ仰û˵꣬Ȼ޲شϣַ磡
޲Եúܷŭַг˾棺ұ޼飬ֲʣ
ۼ޲ؾҪַһһƽһ·ӿģЭǸԺˣ֪Ҳûв˼ֻΪȡӦܵȨ
޲ؼˣҲֻǣԲټ̸ˣַ磬Ͻȥʰһ°ɣ컹δʱܸϹ
Ȼ޲صĻѾ˵ϣַҲ֪޷ٶ˵ʲôˣ˵ͷ׼ǣȴʱϰصԺˣڿԽȥ𣡡
޲ؿַһۣûַ˵ͳ溰һ䣺ش磬ɡ
ţһŵϰرһ߲һ˽Ժˣϯһֱһݰ
Ȼû뵽ַҲ˵һ룬һ£æĿڵŶҵѩħǹжʱûֳ˲ٰ
ϰأַﻹһֱźøУ΢ЦؽҲӲʣ
Ҳ֪Լٴȥˣ˵ţϰؽӻһ۲ź󣬱޲˵һ䣺Ժˣھͻȥˡ
޲Щ޾ĵĵͷַһתһϰغͻȻʲôæַ磬ȵȡ


ʮ ı
ַʱŤԴܵԺ˻ʲôԸ
޲óַе΢ı䣬ؿɫ൱ӣڣһַ̾磬˵Ķԣÿ˵ĳ޵ġ
ţַһɵøһΡ
ϰüͷЩ⣬ȴûʱ廰
޲ͻȻĿַŲϰأش磬ղ˵ϯôˣ
ϰһû뵽޲ͻȻԼش𣬿ͻȻʶַ绹ߣһۡ
ַҲЩ֣޲ΪʲôֻͻȻ⣬޲ص˼Լ뿪ҲվԭأûŲһ
Ȼ޲ص˰֣޷ش磬˵ɣ
һ䣬ϰزŷɫЩܻ˵ϯСӼֱһûӵĲݰ
Ŷ޲΢΢üʾϰؼ˵ȥ
ϰƲƲ죬ǲļ˵ҰķԸȥ۶Զ׽ĳ桯ǸϰڼħޣҸ߽ΧͷȥʱȴݰȻԲһϸָߵˣ֮ǰǸҲкܶ඾棡һϵĶҧһڣҸұ֤һļ߲֣
أ޲صȻƽȴЩ̫ˡ
ַϰڼħޡ仰ʱһ뵽ħһ£ûдϰصĽȥ
ҵȻǺİһϾһ壬ȷûҧˣȻԭ򡣡
ϰ˵ԵرߣȻңҪȷ򣬲ȻʧһЦĽͣҴȥ֮ǰѾܶ߾һʧȻ˼Լȫһϣ
һ޲غַ綼Щȣ޲زϰһߣ֮лһ˿⡣
ַ羪֮΢΢Щ棬ϰ˵ϯ޴ǽСģǿԭǶ棬ϯһ·ȥȴûбκζҧˣһ㣬ͳ֤˱ϯһ㶼
ңϯ֪ϰغֵķȴԼȥֱ淽򣬿ǸΪʵܿҪסΣֻĴ㣡
һǵַʱʶϯǸĽºϽˣֻҲײܵƾϰؽһξȥȷϯԸ񣬱û˵ǿ޲һۡ
޲صϣַҲ޲֮ǰЩ̫˵ģһЩ֪޲ظԼ뷨Ӧò˶١
ϰûע⵽˵ı飬ߵ˵Ǻò׽ΧԵҸ߱ϯһԵȻ޶ҲĶ棬һݽȥҪҲһ׵飬ǲôţ
˵ϰȻЩ޵ﴫ˿֨֨ҧ޲̲ס˵һ䣺ش磬˵ɡ
޲صķԸϰزҵ˫ȭ߬Ŀֱ죬޺޵һȻҲעʱҪȥʱȻ˵ҪһĸоҾܾҾ˵ʲôҪ취ԼҴûмĲݰֱԼЦֱ˷ʱ䣡
νԹ壬ϰ˱ϯŵЩѻ𣬵޲غַԹȴǿ˱ϯŵ㣡
Ȼϯϰǿߵʱ򣬲ź޺֮ǵ󣬾Ҳİ취ϰڣҲõԼİȫҪɹҵһԴİ취
ԺҪ˲СĻǻУһ
νΨһ׼ʵϯһ㣡
Ͳ޴ǽϰǿ߱ڼ䣬һԼв뷨
һַ̣ͻȻһ뷨ãϯһĺӣ
Сģֲȱʵҡץħޣƺһħʦ
һǵϵħַȻ뵽һܣһ뵽ܣжʱֺ֮ĳ嶯
Ȼ
޲ϰصıԹһĬűش磬ңϯҴӼѡ˲ţһûӵĴԺͣھʹһȥħᣬҶӣҶӸʺԵס
޲ȻȻַ֮࣬Ҳһϲ
ȻϤȴᵽݶǰݵСȹһжֶصĺøС
Կħ룬һ޲ڸıִľвɵеˡ
ϰȴüͷ壬Щǵ˵ǣԺˣħ֮үΪĶӰͻȻĶջȥһˣħ᲻ɣ
ߣ޲һҡͷħѾҪˣҪǹѾ֪ħĿˡӦòήݶ֣ټǸطȥҲû壬ɣ
ɱϯǰȥ͵ǸħһȫʣбϯǣħҲᵣδͻȻǳ֣ڵħĶܣͿϯԼˣ
ϰȻ˵ʲô޲ؼȻѾҲûʲô˵ˣתȥʱ鷿Ĳȴʱˡ
ϵˮѸɣֻ˫ۻЩףȻ˵̸һͿ޲أһļף˵Ի𣿡
߳޲̲סһϲͻȻתãŰͶȥһЦݣͷţôҲʵΪˣ֮һᰲһȥ֣ԺҪħ׷ϲģҲˡ
ףллʱȴʹͻȻܹȥرһ޲أȻſ޲ص۾ףҲһȥְɣַﻹרŰ齨һŮӲأ
Ȼû޲֮ǰַĶԻ޲ŮҲǿӲܾǰڰ̻ʣƬ̣΢΢һ΢ЦŷܵݣﻹһЩûд꣬ȴˣҾȥǡ
ãǶֵݻЩļ޲صĻûж룬˵䣬ֳŲ෿ȥףȥϴһȻ͸ŰزһȥħѸӻ
˵ţϰͶȥһ΢Ц
С㣬ǱȥˡϰȻЩⰲҲһҲҪȥħᣬʱ͹һ䣬Ļû˵꣬޲ؾʹϵش磬ðݸȥɣµġ
ðɡϰ⻰ҲֻܵͷӦ
޲ؼˣŰݰ˰֣ȥϴɣ˸ȥ׼һ
ԺˡַͻȻʱ廰޲صĿ¸𾴣׼ˣҵھ棬һؽͰһӻ


ʮ ղķʿ
ַϣѾ»һ·ϴϵۣȻ˫ۻǿ޵Щף˿΢ЦҪ֮ǰǿ˲١
ַߣ§ļԣһ͸⣬··ɫɫĵ̿ȥһߣϰصıϣһСӡ
СطۣģȥЩҲܰСһ˫ϸȴʱ˸ĹâߵϰһŶȶԼ΢΢һ£ͻȻվ׼ƹϰسַȥ
ϯʵ㣡ϰһסСӣߵ£
С϶ʱһȴûлȥµ˼
ַͰϰصɵŤͷһۣϰٴ˵ַؽɡ
ߣСӣ˵עһ㣬ǰĿѩħǹϰԻЩԸ˼ȻѾŻˣҲͲ˵仰󣬱ջԼȣϯÿ˵·
ϯͶϰһòЦݣ漴ϰһߣȴû⣬ƹϰغ󣬾ַǰַһ׼ĵ۹ڣɫ˵ѩħǹˣá
Ŷַϵóϯĺܱ׼ɵЩһ䣺Ҳǹô
Ҳǹ壬ҵĸµһоǸ׵Ĵӡϯشĺϸ
΢΢ݣùĿ˱ϯһַۣ粢ûע⵽ݵĶؿűϯǫ͵ЦݣһͻȻ뵽ͬΪӵֿˡ
Ȼϯһһ޿ޣֹҲܵλַͻȻ˵Ҳ죬վԭؾؿš
ַԱϯĵһӡ㲻Ȼعظһ΢ЦһλħʦλԶ֮ϣòŶ񡣡
仰£ԱߵϰضʱһϵĲм˱ϯһۡ
ϯһ죬ڨڨˣֻһδ˵ļϰħѧͽһСͷŲʵһֻĶ֡
Ҫļ㻹ᣬһһᴩϰ۵ġַ粢ûгЦϯһ䡣
ˣ׼ȷ˵ҽʮꡣϯܿʹлֶַָ΢΢˰һۣٴγַ˵ʹˣܷķ̸ϼأ
ŶַЩ⣬Ҳ֪ϯ޲شļģҪȥ޲صԵףΪ޲صŮãҪһЩףĻ᲻˵Ҳ̫˵ȥˣ뵽ַͷ΢ЦȻԡ
ȻҲױϯһȥ壬ǿѹסʹ¶һò΢ЦЩ˵£ӡеһˡ
ϵˡϯϹ΢΢Щ⣺˵ղķ𣿡
ַϯ԰ݵƺɵһҪѪĳ嶯Ȼûκθоﻹ΢΢һ£һҵļԻϯȻĻ
˵ţƺЩп΢΢һϴμʱһǱ޼ҵİݡղķʿҪزѧϰһ¡
仰һ˵նʱͱˣ
ϰء롱һվһĲм˲ʧԾشȥЩСӣղķʿ޼ľżսʿȻ
ϰһ˲̫죬ַĻҲʱЩԾʮȻżսʿˮ׼ԼҵĴڣǾԾһˣ
ʣֻҪʱ䣬ʥ϶⣡
޲ؾȻ뵽һͷԽо޴ƭԵĴսʿ쵽ħᣬҲһעˣϾ϶ûжһẩףȻӵǿĽƻϰضûϳղķѾ൱ɹˡ
뵽ַ粻ɵúĳһ䣺ݣôģ
ҡɫȻһ죺ҺСʱ˵ţΪҾ͸һܣȴҶҶ֣֮£һϰ̡ʵҲûȷֻû뵽Ļ
ǱǸղķҲû뵽ᱻϳɫЩΣæַϰظһ
ᣬַҲע⵽ղķ¹ȻһǳǳĶϰֻ̣ڼϰħѧͽǹȥĻҲע⡣
ղķһҴݣҲûصıҪһֱͦս˶ӣһ̣ƶȻһ䣬ϵĺʧ˲Ȼɢһʿӵеı׼ʡ
ǶϰͶȥһǸĿ⣬Ͷַһεı飬˶ûֵ˼󣬲ŰĿת˰ݣֱϿҵϵˣһССϣܴӦҡ


ʮ 
˵ַˣղķλ˿;ҲҪַŶԣֱݣ˵ַްϵ
һ⻰ݾ֪ղķܿԼ׵ļйأԴĿַһۣǴ΢΢һЦղķϵղķʿԱ޼ĸȫл뽲ɣֻҪҰģһܾ
а仰֤ղķһӺʵħ˰죬һͰ͵żǰۣأЦǰдµģԴӱ۶֮Ҿһֱûлع硭һˣҲûлдһš
˵ղķϲЩп֪ҼȻͬ˴˵۶Ҫʱʱ̿һϸԵףһֱСģ嶼ûзʵݡֻǣټʵһ̣һ̲סˡ
ȻһֱЦݣȴܵͳЩģҲȥħԵ׵壬ϰسĬ̾˿һĿղķħ¸첲ϵļ⣬ԵЦ˵ղķʿһʿܱǸ֮ǰһֱ̬ȶ㡣
ϰ˵ǸĻνղķҡҡͷЦݣӵһϰأߵ壬ǰ׾ǰҲһֱ׷Ŀꡣ
ĸ涼ѾˡϰЦĺ⣺Ҷʮʱ򣬿ûڵĳɾ͡
˵ţղķĺ󱳣ϰرһݺַó˾롣
ַѾͰͬʱվؿղķһۣŰݵ˵ͷû˵
ݻ⣬ղķȥӹǷͰ͵żһ̧ۣͷղķ۾ղķʿһҾͻ󲿶һϷһЯһԽĸͲоУ⣬ʲôҪھһҰɡ
ϵˣûˡ
ղķһ찲ݾͻɫʱ˲٣Ȼ̫װΪʲôҪȥϷⲻԼӦȥʵģ˵䣬ܺʱ˵ĺһŰһڣֶַһ۹ں󣬳գգۣϵֶȻһ䣬ָ֮ǰȥЩıϯ
ƵͻȻת䣬ɵе˾̾һΣڰСĵؽǷͰ͵żź֮еնʱͱ֮ǰԾ˲١
ͬһ壬ðݺղķͬʱҵһ˿ϤĹУһ·Ͼ˲ٶʱĻ⣬ϰػʱʱĲһ䡣
ַ翴ڵģǿݵɫֺ˺ܶ࣬вҲ˲٣ȻѲ죬ŰһЩʱʱ⣬ȴҲоһζ
ܿͿ˵۶ħǰһе˶Ĭıָ֮ͣǰķΧ
֮󲿷˶ϵΰﲻоһѹ
ַȻѾ˾żħʦʵȻµɽկ֮ҲħеĺȴǵһνĹ۲ħܲǰԶ۵ʱַڰƶ׶μû̫ĸоϾǰһǸʲôΰĽûм
ǣһ۲죬ǲⱻ𺳵ˡ
ħܲλڻʹĹ㳡ϣĿһ׸ߣ㳡ĵϿ̻һЩķţߴļڹ㳡ġ
ؼǣ֪ʩʲôֵħվĸǶ̧ͷȥһ־Ҫѹ˲ԾľͻߴĽԶ룬ʾħϲơ
վڼ£ַܸоԼǶôСȻҲˣһʱ䲻ɵöЩʧ
Ȼָ֮ħǰŶ⳨ĴħʦǣͻȻһһֲõĸоȻʶıֹס˽Ų
ôˣݣַ翴˰һۣ̲סɻһ䡣
ϰغղķ仰Ҳͣ½Ųعͷ
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷһãȻߵͻȻһֲõԤС
˵ŵĹħͻȻһء죬ʲôһ㡣
ַ˲ʶ˹ȥͿħʦħѧͽǼͬһʱͣеĶˢˢһ￴˹ȥ㵵ıÿһϸͬʱһȻҲŴ˳
ݶʱ͸оһѴֱԼϣɫɷףͻȻֱӳħĴȥ
ַҲʲô氲ݵĽŲ˽ȥ
һܽȥ˳ħʦǵĿ⣬Ϳһ鴤ħʦѪ֮У˫ۣϵıԵúƽ
ǣ˿Ѫеħʦʱ˲ԭء
硭ַѪеˣȻٱ֮ǰһЦݡ
ݱˣڿòһֱ̣һ˹ȥ


ʮ ̫
ַ˲϶룬æס˾ҪصİݣħѧͽϯղķѾܵѪԱߣڼ
ϰɫȻ䣬һΧ㵵ħʦǣͻȻ̧ͷ˶Ƿŭĳ󺰵쵰ѵû˳һ𣿣
עȻը죬Щܲ˵ħʦ˶䣬ϰؿΧûӦȻһǶ߻ħʦȥ
ȾżսʿϰصٶȣħʦȻûȣֻоǰһϰطŭӾѾǰ
ϰһץס죬ݺݵĺң⵽Ƿʲô
ץסħʦ˲䣬ħʦͬʱȡħȣ׼ϰأϵĵԣһҶʻµħʦʱ;ʿ£ſ
߼ħʦȻû˵ʲôвĻȴԣħȶ˵ıʯɫĹâԽԽȻħ
ħʦĻ£ж׼ϰصħ϶˸ϵħĹâȻЩâ̶ȶһϰħʦÿħʦֻļʵеħȫһͬʱϰأϰҲȻڵһʱ䱻ң
ַ֪ħʦŽᣬħܲܳ嶯ȻѪҲܷŭûи֮ǰԲܸЩħʦǷ٣ħʦܲС
鼱֮£ħʦħǰ˵Ѿﵽ˼㣬ַæϰش󺰵ؽſ
ϰħʦҲֻǳ嶯ϲûжٷŭı飬ƽذοϰһ䣺ʿ£ÿ䶼ʩ˸ħκ˶ġң·ͻȻҲûиԭ򡣷ſҰɣұ֤ħʦǾṥġ
ϰҲΧ׼Լħȣһ侲˲٣ʶԼȷ̫嶯ˣһɿץħʦֻ֣ǸǸҲġ
⡣ħʦƽͷһӣħʦѾſ׼ϰصħǰ˵Ҳ𽥰ȥ
ʱһֱĬղķȻ̧ͷϰغһ䣺ţк
һ⻰ϰع˲࣬æתղķȥַ仰Χħʦһ䣺ûˮϵħʦҪ
ҾˮϵħʦԡǰϰץסħʦʱӦַһһַ߳һ߶һħʦȥ֪ͨϯˡ
ħʦӦһ漴תȥ
ãħʦ£ҽַ磬۹ѩħǹַ籧ŻԵİݣӭħʦҽһ䡣
ħʦַѺõصͷַݲû̫ӦƽɣޣִһͬΪħڶִ¡
һ˵ţɣҲһ߳ϵȥղķϰæÿһյأɣҲûзϻ߱Ĭһϵˮϵħ
ʱַҲŰߣħȶ˵Ľ⣬ס˺
ϰغղķҲٻʲôʧϰѾŵ˫ȭǺˮ
˵ħרҵħֻħ֮УûйħʦȻˮϵħЧҪϲ٣ܱûҪǿ
ħȶ˵ԽԽжʱһŵˮ
ˮɣ޵Ŀ֮͸Ƥ֮Уʱһһȥ͸ȥˮԽԽ࣬鴤ķҲԽС
ˮϵħɣԵЩƣԵϰؼˣæżʵô
ղķַҲͬͶȥɻĿ⡣
ɣûش𣬶һֱĻһ£˵ͷˤϵ̫ˣָֻЧ
һ⻰ַȻﻺһ˭ûг׷ΪǶףͷص㣡
ѪܴһֶǴͷģעþϲûԽҲûжѵĹͷ࣬Ҳڻкԭ
ˮϵħȻˤĹͷԼƵ࣬ȴ޷޸ԲҪԲܵصˣ¾ǹħܽȻҲ˵һɵˡ
ɣϵزֱۣƶһȻ̧Դֿ֮ٵһˮϵħ
ַ翴̾˿´һħܲڲ
ͷһƬգ컨壬ƯһЩƣ۸ͺվһԲεĴ濴Ĵһ£ڲȻǾռ죬һѭߵĴ
УվŸɫͬħ۵ħʦ
У඼ղķɫͬħѧͽɢɢжʮҵĻħʦǶ߻۵ħʦɣ֮⣬ֻڵϵڰ۴ħʦﲢûһ
һȦַ粢ûзִͨϲ¥ݣһЩǽĽȴһЩֵĹâǾǴ˵ħ
ַҲͲٹ۲ȥعͷʱɣ޵ĵڶˮϵħѾͷϣɫԵúܲ԰ףطԴƺվûˡ
ϰؼˣæɫЩŹ֣Ǹɣ޸£𣿡
Ͼղɣͻת֮䣬ɣΪѾǺľħֲǰӵ̬ȣϰزЩΡ
ɣ޺İ˰֣˵ѾˣִʲôʱҾ޷ȷˡ
ллϰغò׼һ仰һԵַ翴ͻȻѯһ䣺ɣִ£ʣڸղûпʲô
ɣַ˼ҡҡͷ̫ͻȻˣûпִµǴʲôطġ
䣬ϰ˲̧ͷһۣɿľֻпա
ǷֹзϵħʦֱӷȥĽħɷʥԲãҪϲ㣬ֻͨħ󡣡ɣ޿˵ɻڽ͵ִȻǷϵħʦڽħҲ޷еġ
˵ַϰػûзӦһԵղķͻȻԿɣޣĿɣִ£ҿóղʩչħȷˮϵħΪҴֿĸл
˵ղķһתζȴǳҵϣĺ֪ΪʲôǼİ˱ֵأ˵ʲôأ
СԵϰغַ绹ˣһ⻰еʱһݣԼͬĳɣ޿ȥ


ʮ ħϯ
˵Ѫеһַ̣ϰصľѾЩˣȻֵַĻ򶨣ּϰݵͻȻεľʵԼУҪղķ侲ҲûʶλΪɣ޵ħִµȷЩˡ
ȻħʦǻŽᣬħʦԼ˺󣬳ڶİȫǣҲԼ˱һľ룬ɣ޲ΪԼ˽󣬵ȷЩ̫ˡ
ղķһѣַϰȻعŲɣġ
ɣۼ˾ĿԼȴֵĺƽĹһۣȷ󲿷ħʦעûзԼϺ󣬲ޱ˵һ䣺ҸүһͬΪ޼Ч
򵥵һ仰˲ַ˵һɣһ˵ţҲһ߲ɫĽħȡһԼָֻ׸ǴСľŦۣһ仰ȻȻľͳϿ˹ȥͿľŦ۵ӡǳǳһͼ
ɣƺǵ˻ע⵽Լո˿һۣæջأװһµģֵһ䣺ʮǰͷħᣬְǼලͱүİȫֻһû뵽үͻȻֱᷢʡ
ϣεоͲѿû˵ѣ֮ǰһΪ˲Ҳ˾裬ֻƾһЩҲ˳Ͼħ֮ǰ޲ؿûἰһ˿һ
ûԤϵ⸱ģҲû뵽ɣ޵齻ɣ
ַԸȥ롣
Ͼħǰɣޣûֵȥˡ
һ뵽ַϰصղķͶȥһ
ղķϰص뷨ȻҲַ࣬ɣ׿ڳǡԼˡѾ࣬һַͶ񣬱Ժһ
ɣִ¸£ղ˵Ȼ˽ħôҲͬ÷ֹʧĴʩɣ
ַѾָ֮ǰģɣ޵ѾһΣһ˵ţҲһ߹۲׹λã򵥵ķ׹ڵأǼͿԶ϶Ҳ׹ģĺܺ棬ѵǲСĲʧô
޷شұϾûۿɣƽҡҡͷȴǺܿ϶˵ǣħʮУûм˴ʧ䣬ҡħʷϣҲ˴
ô˼ǡַõͳһıɱ
仰˵ϰضʱЩͲסˣһԵղķϰ˲ûŭɫæѵؽ嶯ħܲ
һζϰصĳƺַһȻûȫɣޣϰѺϵŭǺܿ
ɣַĻȴûжı֣˿ҡͷ޷ȷǵϯͰɣѾǰȥ֪ͨˣò˶ãϯ˾ܵˡ
˵䣬ɣޱֱӱͣϰҧҧҲٶ˵˵ϣ˻Уƽɫǳء
ղķһֱɣޣһľ֮ڣһֻѾ׼ʱӦͻ
ַ翴һۻеİݣʹһԶħȴǶɣ޵ִ¸£ѵϯµķԶô
˼ǵʣϾ׹һıɱĻҪħϯҪٵһЩ֤ݣǾͱȻҪһЩʱ䣬ۿħϯڻδַ֣ﲻɵû
ɣַ˼΢΢ҡͷصõģϯ˵ķӽˣǸ·ҲҪĲʱ䣬ûĻҺϯ˾ͻħ֡
˵ġû⡯ָʲôأַԶħ΢΢˫ۡ
ɣĿбӣָϯĲ֪£ڽӵϢĵһʱͻᳯ
Ҳ˵ûָħϯûκɰɣַعͷɣޡ
ɣû˵صͷ
ǣңΪʲôô׼ȷ֪ħϯֵʱأַܾȷӡľһ˼顭
£ѵʮʮ꣬Ѿϸĵϰߡɣ޵øˣϸڷ档
ַ統һü˵ʲôʱ۽ǵͻȻ鵽ɣղķͷĶԷģŤͷħķȥ˵
һĹͻȻɣ޵ˡ
ַ֪ɣԤʱ䵽ˣжʱһǣħȴûκηӦҲû߳κӰ
ʱַһĳȥæͷɣޣͿɣ޵Ѿǲ԰촽գƵҲӿ죡
һַ̣缸Ѿħϯˣһ˲Ĺ뵽Ҳɣ޼޻ħϯһֶΣ˵һȷʱԼԼΪħϯһЩ֤ݣ
˵ɣ޲Ļʹ
ֻǣڿɣǹɻַ֮ӳӵʱ䣬ӺħϯҪǻֵĻ϶ıɱˣʣµͻƵ㣬Ȼɣ޺ħϯһϡ
ϾħϯͻȻϢ˵ҲôһСӵʱ䣬Ӧòԡ֤ݡ
Ļħϯڽİڳ֣ɺɣ޵ɶųˣ
ַ翼ŵĹԶħâһӰ˳
ںλ֮ǰɣȥ֪ͨħϯħʦǰһ˿Ƶħۣǰûκλ£һ·Ҵҵֱ·ص첽֮ħʦħѧͽħȣȻ׵ĳ΢΢ȥ
ȻԶԶַѾЩħʦﴫġϯˡ
һƺ̲סһ
ԶԶȥħϯһͷɫ̷һ˿촽滹һСӣԭȥһˣһüͷʲ˼֡
Ҫӽ·ֳʱϰѾὫٴηŻصԭأȻŭسħϯȥһԵַˣæճһֱֻסͬʱɣ޴ݵǰһղķɫĸȥŽѾ΢΢˳
ɣʲôûвһ㣬ħϯȥϯˣѾΪִ¸ƹˡ
˵ţɣֱһַˣܵλǡ
ǣ⻰˵һ룬ϰһƿַֻ׹һһգ۵ĹϰؾѾħϯǰ


ʮһ ˮϵ
ϰصٶ̫죬쵽ڳ˭ûзӦЩħʦûֱɣ޺ղķЩ㵡
ħϯȻҲûϵϰһźηŭ׻ͻȻԼǰȴû˰벽ֻ΢΢ü
ϰȻЩ嶯òûʧȥǣͣħϯȭͷĵطȴǿƲסԼҩζԺ˰үи㣬Ȼ׹ҪһĽͣ
أֲСӣȻܶʮСʱߣȥô֪
ħϯһûиϰغɫ˵䣬һ£˵Ȼ޲һ
˵ţϰأԽֱϵȥ
վסϰضȻٴεڸǰһΣıǼ⼸Ѿ˸ϣ֮ҲһɰͲסζˣʲôУھҪĽͣ
ʱ˶ѾӦ˹ͬɣִڣеħʦǼħȶ׼ϰأղķǰһɣ޵ĺ󱳣һϰһߵߵòҪ嶯Ȼĵӿɲ顣
֪ҵɣǵһ䣬ɫһ䣬飬߻صͬѾвϯˣ
ղķ䣬û˵ʲôȴ˰벽ɣһ롣
ͬʱַ籧ŰѾߵϰصĸߣһ۸ûκαӣ֪ɣԤķλħϯûκɣճһֻһϰصֱۣƽؽôϯ£Ҳ޷
ϰɫһͷַһۣͿַ΢΢ҡҡͷ
ߣϰɫ䣬ڽϵ˻ȥȻ˰벽ȴɽħϯ
ﲢûϰصĶԴַһۣȴǲû˵κλֱƹˣϵȥ
һߵߣæͳһСħȣ鿴ƣͱ˫һ
ַϰ̾˿ͶһǿЦݺ󣬱ͽŸ
ŸԽԽ죬ħȶ˵ҲԽԽַȴǾâһΪĸܵΧĿռһ΢𵴣
ţеˮԪһ»Ծ˺üַÿȥдĸܵˮԪصĻԾĶϣһԼ˸ߵˮĻγɡ
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ͬһʱ̣أ漴üͷһ壬촽һţһ


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Ϊʥǿߵ޲ȻǸӦ˽ħĿռ𶯣㵵ħķɫɷףһǿҵĲļ
ֻƬ̵Ĺ޲صĶͷѾ亹ȫ¶ڲͣеĲԽԽǿҡ
һ̣Ȼ֪ħﵽ׷ʲôȴ޷ĵĲԥƬ̣޲Ҳ̲סˣߵǰһ˷ţ𴿽ɫĶֻءһ޲ضʱط𣬳ħķٷȥ
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վɢŻɫâľ޴ʯһ䣺Ĵô
ϷʡĳСУһƾɵ߷УһһŲ˵һַŲ˰ϵһֻһߺСһ߿ٵżϵë
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˵ţŮһѾ˾˵Ķ䣬ߴ󺰵˵
ۡ۰ɿĲ˵һҲҷģˣ˵ȫһᡭۡ

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ϰصȻѾ࣬Ȼȥģ٣ǰĻҩζѾʧˡ
ȴû˿Цһ£㵱ǹħĽô
˵ţɣ޵Ĳ֮£ǰ΢һ£һһ̾ϢѾûΣˣʲôʱǾֻ֪ˡ
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ˣҵͽܣȻʮķѵҾͲİΣô
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⻹ַһοϰسԱ񣬻ѾûΣգвЩݸȴԸǾ仰Ȥ
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ϰضʱŭһѽ㡭
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ַ翴໥ܣȻҲЩˬҲͬ˵ĲûеæǰȰؽſ°ɣҪֵøΣ
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Ŀַһۡ
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ŸڳҲӦ˹볯Źħڡ
һʱ䣬еħʦǶ˸߹ͷ­ַֻɱֱվţȺԵøͻأ


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仰һ˵ڳħʦϯʱʶʲôɫ죬شԴ
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ʥû޲ػشûκԥ
áص˵ͷͻȻһַָֻ磬ɫѡ˶ȥɡ


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ңַһ㶣ָԼıӲɵЩ㵡
ԭΪѡϰػղķϾϰؿ޲صţղķıּΪ侲˶޲صĵϵֹ˱Ȼվ޲صǣѡһ޲ؾιˡ
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ˣ΢΢˫ַۣԺоһ仰˫޾żҪţԸһܽ
ַһ⻰жʱһ𣬿ɻ˵ʲôʱ򣬹Ѿתȥɣ޺͸˵ͷ󣬲ʲôַֻоߵĿռ䴫һ󲨶ƾʧǰ
ţħϯſַһۣһ롱ƣɱѩħǹǿȥˣʱ򣬾ѾסķԼʧλãԣǲõʱлκκηʽٵκ֤ݺ


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κΡֱ¶˸Ĳַ˵ⷬҲڲ˵ħΪʲôɣԤʱҪһЩԭ
£ַ粻Աߵɣһۡ
ţ޲ħʱɣ޲ûκı֣޲ڿɣ޺Ҳûбֳκ쳣ľٶ
˵ɣһֱ˵ѵĻ޲ʱȻһЩı飬ַһ£ɣ޵һбֶƺû˶顣
ڣַ翴ɣһۣɣ޲ûκܵı飬ӭַĿ⣬΢ַ˵ͷ΢Сϸڲַɣ޵ݴһ˿ǡ
ɣ޲Եף޲غԥӦѡԼҲˡ
Ͼ޲Ҳһ߼ԼԼħ˵ȻѡС顱ֻˣȴڲͬ
ҲΪ˵׹ԭȻЧҲͬվͬһӪ
ңȻû˵ԶԼźøУ˵ĻεĽӦûȽ˳
Щͷ˲ַЩĹҲûţ΢Цűɣ޲ŵĸϯ£ˡ͸֧൱ذʵ޷ߣǾͻȥϢ齻Һɣִ°ɡ
˵仰ַѸֻ֧ȷЩĸ壬ϾҲΪħ͸֧ġ
Ȼַ˼һǿƿɣ޵ĲһԽַ糯ǰħȥһ߲мһû޷·ĳ̶ȣˣʲô߰ɣ
Ȼô˵ַҲȥǿĿɣһۣŸﳯħȥ
˿ħһַ̣Ըо֮ǰöҡһ˿΢ĲǰĿռһ¾ͱŤţַֻоԼһƬ֮УȴоΧһ޷ͻƵǽһ㣬Ҳ޷˳
ҶߵĿɶǾĿռ䣬Щռ䶼ܲȶ㲻СĴʲôط˵ͻֱӱռУԶʧ
Ȼַĺ棬ѵжҲ޷عĻ
ŶַЩȻԼֶһ䣺˵ֻҪʥ֮ǾͲҪʳȡάʥǿ߲С˿ռǻأ
ûİַһۣҲû취ϾʥǿҲֻÿռѣﲻ˺ѿռعĳ̶ȣС˿ռǾֻѡ񡣡
ʲôѡ񣿡ַشվƬա
һɱԼԵʹࡣЩηһۣЩڶȴ㡣Ҳֻӵ˺ѿռ
˵ЩԳôȥһˣԣ㲻СռĻ㻹ֱѡɱʹ죡
ôַͣﲻһ˵ʲôʱǰĿռһŤһŵĻγǰ
γͨɫÿһСξһţַתһۣͿһ߶ܴﵽӵΧǽΧǽ֮һտĹ㳡㳡һȺػ߶ħʦ
ַֻǿһۣʱǷŵĴвһɾĸоħȻذղŴϿʱ򣬿ʲôûпڣȻĿĴ
߰ɣסĶͨħѧͽķħĵʮһأֻƲַһۣأԳȵĹսǴȥ
ɣ¸ַʹһɫʾϣҲ˳͵ħһΪʮĲ㣬һĴħʦճʹĵطӵڶ㿪ʼһֱھŲ㣬ħѧͽ߼ħʦϢĵط
˵ţ˾Ѿ˵ڶħǰһȥɣޱֽ͵Ҳ֪ħʦԽԽѣħѧͽ࣬ԣڶķҲԵգԽߣÿħʦķͻԽԽִȻӵ߼ʵ⣬סڵʮһ۴ħʦͬȴӵбȽϴĸ˿ռ䡣
ǡַɣ޵Ľ˵оЩԾɻҪǰյȼеĻ˼۴ħʦӦþסڵʮɣ
ַɻɣ޲ûżڽͣǿ˸
֮ǰ˹ַȨƲַһۣɲɣʡ´ʱҲýĵط
һ⻰ɣԴǸĳַЦһ£ż͵ʮǿ֤ĵطҲħһĵͼħʦɳһʮ㣬Է㹩ʱʵ
˵ţɣ޹ڳһģǣʮһϾͲÿħʦĵطˣҪĻǶҪǰ֪ͨ磬ȥмִȥͨϯˣڵʮѡϯ˵ķȽ֪ͨ
һ棬Ϊ˱ħʦɧţһ棬ʮһҲȽ⡣
ڵʮһ㣬˾סͨħʦ֮⣬ҲסҺָ߼ִ£ͬסһЩΪħͻ׵ˣҪסʮ㣬ʵҲҪﵽżħʦľ磬ʮ㣬ϯ˺͹һЩԪϵסڵʮĲ㣬ǾǷʥĶˡ
ɣ޸ַ͵ĺϸҲʾĳ⣬ַȻıֲһ䣺зʥԴȨɽħκεط
һ⻰ַһʱͺʵѵҪʮĲֱȥҷʥҲ𣿡
ɣһЩεĿԸһۣûκηӦ֮󣬲źܲȷĻش治̫ϾҲûɽʮĲȨȻʥѾ˵ˣӦɽȨġ
Ŷлɣִ½⡣ַɣ޻ǿ˵ͷټѯʡ
ֻΧռһŤ˱ħĵ㡣
ͬӵķ䣬ͬΧǽ߶ֻﵽַĲӣͬǣַ͸ΧǽĴֱСһЩҲֻͨ߶ȵķֱ棬ȷԼһֱϵģΪ֮⣬ĵطֱһһ
ûһͣ˺ܿٶȿħ֮С
ڼ䣬ַԺлڴ͵ĹаѸƽռеͷֻ΢һ壬ͷԼ뷨ǶôĿЦˡ
Ȼ˶վһ𣬵ַȴԵĸоϵĿռǶǶġ
Ҳ˵ַҪǸڴ͵ĹҶĻǵùľֻԼɣ޲ܵκεӰ졣
ǵ˴ַҲʹЦ뷨
ŲϽħַҲܿ˵ʮħ˵ĵط


ʮ еķ
ʮ㣬ǸǰŲòһˡ
Բ״ȣʮȥһ޴Ŀռ䣬컨ǳħƣذϣڷźַܶǰϷħֲ￴͸Բӡ
ͬǸ߸ߵΧǽ
һ㣬ȻҪַǰŲ˶࣬һۿȥܿܶ͸вٴŲͬħ۵ħʦϰħ
ȻħըĺһͬԪϵĻħַ۸
ҲֱڣַᵽԼһħ
ͬûڴ˲ͣڸĴ£˺ܿͽͨʮһħ
֮ǰַע⵽ͨʮһħħ󣬶һɫȦͨħʦǵģйԸġҡַ粢ûܵκӣ˳ؾͨħ
һ⻪ַ˳ħĵʮһ
ʮһ㣬ȻҪǰʮռСһЩϾħ彨һԽϾͱԽϸ
ʮһ㷿Ҳ˺ܶ࣬˴ԼҪʮಽܿһȷš
ЩŶŽգߵĹУַԸоΧǽΧĿռ䶼Щ쳣֮ǰ˵ķҲȻˡ
ûһǰĸͣǰķųĬƬ̣̾Ϣһ˵ķˡ
ַߣ˳Ŀ⿴ȥͿŵĶһС֣֣ǰһƬռ䣬ַѾܵÿռֱӸûʥʵ˭Ҳ߽ȥ
ȻַǸ⡣
ħ⿪ռ˳˹֮⣬Ҳֻиˣ˿ɶһĴ˽ٲһռĻǵҲ׵زԣ򶨵ı飬ַȷʱڣû˽ķ䡣
ﲢûȽӴǰĿռ룬ǿһ֮ͻȻһתֱΧǽȥ߱˵ǿΧǽмʵǹĺۼ
˳Ÿָķȥ߹ַϸۣŴӽ׵ǽϿһƵǽƤ
ﲢûͣطһ·⿪Χǽ쳣Ŀռ䣬Ҳ˳ǰ߱ߵʵǵĺۼмһ㣬Ȼһֱ
˵ţͣһǰָŵбطһǴ׹ȥġ
ŸĻַǰȥһȻһǽϵʵǺۼԣа鲢̫ĽӡֻڿѾص˱ѧԺַҲ޷ͨѥӽжԱȡ
ЩʵǵĺۼΧǽϲ־ѾʧַߵǽߣһۣȻվʮһ¸ӣѾһСӰ֪ΪʲôһпĶ
ħʦǣ΢紵ĳЩħʦͷܿĺ
վǶȣַһ۾ͿǸλãңûüһ̯Ѫԭء
ﱻʥԼӳֹǿӥվ¿ĻһжúɣָһΧǽ棬ϸ͵ԣϿŻֻܿһƬģա
ַ˵ͷûж˵ʲôһ£ԼĪǴӴ˴ĻпõǸλá
Ҳ̾˿п󣬴ôߵʮһϵȥȻûеܳƵһ漣ˡ
һԵĸ￴ַĬƹӣֳķ˻ȥˣЩۼҲˣǾȥһķɣϣҵһЩ
ַתͷȥ׼ϸĽŲ۽ǵͻȻϾȻӡһϤ֣
һַ֣еһ
ǰ´ʦķ䡣һԵɣۼַ翴ȥ͵´ʦ;а˼ħʦʵ⣬´ʦܱ֮ΪʦΪΪħܶͻĹס
ɣ޵ĽܣַòԵӦһûڴ˶ͣܿ͸˸ĽŲķǰ
ʱǰĿռѾַɣߵǰʱ򣬲һ·š
ȻķŲûֻһƱƿ
š֨ѽһڸĴ£ַҲ߽ķ䡣
һַ߽ŷַʵʿռ䣬ԶԶҪ濴ȥ˺ܶࡣ
ۣһ칫õ鷿Ķ棬һεûŰĴţһۿȥ׵ľܿһ˽ʵ֮ĵطƿƿ޹޳ɶѵİһħ̨ϡ
ַ߽ı棬һŰڵĴţ͸мķ϶ܿһĴԼһЩòƷ
ַ߽ȥĹȴǰԶסˣ
׼ȷ˵Ӧһɢ΢âС;ᣬɢ΢΢ħ
ĸɣޣȻҲܵ΢ħ˵ַͬһһ¾ͱǸССľ˹ȥ


ʮ ֮
ϯ£ȥ֮ǰûķ𣿡ַ΢΢Ť˸
ҡҡͷɣ߽ϵľᣬؿڵûСʱʱ̫˵棬͹˲ϱ飬ֻ·ʱַӡһ£Ȼ͸Ͻȥˡ
˵ţҪץסϵľᡣ
ǣַȻͨɣ֮ǰԤȷû˵ѣȴǸ֮ǰһѽ
ﵱüȥʲôȻһħƷ
ϯ¡ַ翴ľᣬȴǳصҡҡͷⲢһ򵥵ħƷ֮ǰ´ˡ
һ䣬ַԵúǸӣһüͷĸˣȥࣺʲô˼
ɡַ罫ľݸָžһСֵ飬ֻǣҲûмıʼҲ޷ֱ⵽ǲдġ
һ⻰жʱһ𣬽ӹᣬһСֵʱ򣬲԰׵ɫ˲ѿ˲٣¸޲ءޡš޾ʡ
һ˵ţһ̧ͷϴ㵵ıдţһֻ̣֣Щ૵ıʼҲϴңϵħӡҲõģܸо
ô˵ִʵɱԱߵɣҲĲ⣬۵֮УҲһ˿ˡ
û˻ش
ַͬĳأڸոħ֮ǰ׹һ˲ʱԺҲ뵽ɱĿԣҲһ˲䣬Ծͱˡ
Ͼʱռһ棬ʱûбֳκɱԤ
ֻǣڿּһַ̣ף磬ʱһ񣬾һ˼ˡ
Լֵĩβˡšϣַ֪ȻϳƺΪϻ쵰ʵϣȴ𾴵ġ
ֻǣΪʲôͻȻɱأ
뵽ַһƺûлعĸϯ£ѵͲɱԭô
һַ⻰ɫһȻæעһ˿ħ
ɣɫһæܵűߣһۣȷûʲô˺󣬲ŸϽ˷ţ˲Ȼ߻ԡ
ʱ򣬸Ѿ⿪˾ϵħӡֵǣھȻֵСᡣ
СĲ϶ֽʣҲ̲һ˿ħķӡֻǣȻûϵСᣬһûץΣһ¾͵˵ϡ
ַϵľᣬǰһۣҲһС֣˳޲ءޡ
仰ûԥһԼľᣬȷдԼֺ󣬱עһ˿ħ˾ᡣ
СַĽǶȿȥдС֣ԽɫҲԽѿ֮¶һ˿ȻҲһ˿ʹࡣ
ЩʧһһɣСֽ˵ϡﱾҧҧ촽ȴû˵һ仰ȻΡΡתȥ˦ɣ޵Ĳߵűߣ򿪲Ȼô뿪ˡ
Źڵַɣ޲ɵ
֮£ַ˵ϵֽǰ
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ǣÿ˵ʱ򣬱ܻװһ˶ģʵϣҵȴǿɬġ
֪ҴûϲħҴСħᣬûѡֻܾħҲһȳȥϲÿһҶʧˡ
Ǳħʣ֪ûаĵһʿĺܸм
ǣҲڶԴҵϸˣ֪ڱܻƺΪϻ쵰йĲ
ĸлһֱĽ̵޷ټȥˣ֪εĲħϯλãɣɶ˵ʵ̫ңԶˣ޷ûûҹûεļ尾ˣԣܱǸ
ɣִ±Ҫʺϵħϯļ̳ˣΪһͻƵʥͻͨӵеޡ
Ǻˣ벻ҪΪҵѡѹûںңҲκҵҵֺ׺ϣΪҵһλס
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̶̵һ飬ȴûнκκ£һ̵˵һֱΡ
ַ翴֮ﲻӿһɵᣬûΪ֪׹ɣԽó
ʵϲ˿Ц޲ػת֮ʣȴ޷ȥˡ
ȲãҺѾûΣգȻĻ޲رضʹĹ°
һַ̣вӿԱɣһãȻģֽݸǿһ˿΢Цɣִ£֮ǰ֪ʵô
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ǿĲַͶɣһϵ΢Ц˵䣬Ƶ棬ƿҵķ˽ȥ
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ĺŬַͷԱߵһѱõĺʿϸµĹ۲Ƭ̺󣬲̾˿Ҽǵõһμʱֻһ弶ϵħʦƺֻɣѾ߼ˡ
˵ַ罫ʣ΢΢һüɣ޵ҼǵãӦһֻϵħ޿ǰɣ
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˵ţɣָָҵǽڣ´ʦڸڣҸղ˵оħޣһλ̤˼ԭ֮ʧһʱ䣬ǻˣҺǵãһһѰ´ʦħĵϹ
Ŷɣִ£ǳлַһڴϣһĳһ߳ɣȥеļ򣺡ǣںһһ֪δ޵Ĵ磬ԡ
˵꣬ɣ޶ʱ⣬æ˵ͷ⣬ҲҪڴ˾ҹϯ˹һͻʱ䡣
˵ţɣ޶еֽȥһеҪˡ
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ǽĳռָ۲ֽۣ߳ذϺ󣬱Сĵؽд޲صǸССĵط
׹ԭѾףַҲڴ˾мһ£ɣѾ뿪ʮһ߳ķ䡣
Ϸţַ粢ûн뿪ǳ´ʦķȥ
׼ٻȥ֮ǰȥһһλ˶ġͬѡ


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һ´ʦķǰַз
ϾĻ밬´ʦûмˣؼǣַ統ֻһСӣʱȥò϶˾޴ı仯ڵҲֱֻ֮ʴҴҼһ档
˵ʱȥ´ʦѾַ䵭ˣ͸˵´ʦܷϳڵַˡ
Ѿ´ʦķǰˣַǽȥһ
ɾ׼̧ŵʱ򣬰´ʦķͻȻͱˣһ²ɵַЩ㵡
㵵ǣȴǰ´ʦˣһòᣬԴݣɫӵħʦ
ħʦû뵽˻վǰһ򿪷ŲҲһ
ǿַһʵļ͹ӣΪԼһž͵ʿЭˡ
Ǹַ粻˼ЦһЦǰ´ʦķô
˵仰ʱַҲע⵽ħʦǰҶʻ£֪ƾʵ̤ħĵʮһ㣬Ӧǰ´ʦͽܡ
ħʦҲ֪̤ϵʮһˣ϶һˣȻûַϷħȼ£ڷӦ֮󣬻ǺܹĻصˣȷǰ´ʦķ䣬ʣҪ֪ͨһ𣿡
Ǿͷˡַ΢Цͷ
ħʦҲûԥʾַһ㳯첽ȥ
ַ˽ȥͿ´ʦķķȫͬ
ۣһʵСǸҴ󣬿ɸеļҾȴȫڽﻹһŵ˴Ϊ̫ȫˣԵЩӵмֻһССĹͨһ
ַ糯Ǹ俴ȥͿŵ棬һųħ̨ϲŸָƿƿ޹ޣһкܶǱʼһֽűⶪ档
һ۵Ĺ洫һС͵ıը죬øոҪ߽ȥħʦһ
ħʦƺѾϰˣֻվԭһ£ͼ˽ȥİ´ʦ֪ƺǿħʦ࣬ˣ
ûءħʦæͣģʦһλҾ͸Ͻͨˡ
˵ĹַҲѾߵǰţַͿ´ʦʵҼֱһ򳡴
мһ޴ħʵ̨⣬ϵĸڷųɶѳɶѵĸϣһЩи߼ħħˣҲ˵ϡ
´ʦվһѰʲôϣϼһƬ͸ĿʵƬ״ﻹһʢɫҺħƿ
ʱ´ʦбԲ࣬ʲô۽ǵһַվſڣʱ΢΢üͷ˭
һ˵ţַۿϵƬ״̵ĳַ۾Щ
ĲͣŰ´ʦַͶȥһǸ΢Ц
´ʦһ泯ַַҲſ´ʦı仯ܴ
Ȼ´ʦѾַģ࣬ǼǵǸЩüĿߣǣǰİ´ʦһ۽ǵüë⣬ҲôԲϵļѾɳڣ滹в˰ߡ
֮⣬´ʦҲһЩձ뵽ǰǸ̤ܶϼԭĴħʦٶԱǰ·ҪĴĺˣַ羹ȻһЩ
´ʦۿַ粻˵ҲżΡΡߵħʵ̨ǰʱеħƿһߵͷŽŵ£һ߷űϵƬ״Ŭַ
ַ粻ɵһᣬæӭǰȥһѷס˰´ʦĸ첲ĵ´ʦ
ʦʱԽԽˣæַͣɸ˵һ룬ͻȻ˵ȥˡ
´ʦû仰ѵ̧ͷսַ磬һɻ󣺡˭Һʶ㰡
˻һڣʱһ㶣ϸһ˿֮ɫˣǡʦȻܲһֱܺãʦϵĻ϶˵Ļ
ַһ֪´ʦ϶ϲԼһ⻰æ͵´ʦ֪ǲǵ֮ǰڵ۶֮ⲻԶһšʱ֮⣬һ׵
һ⻰´ʦӶʱһؿַۣǵУһϤĹâԽ
Ű´ʦɫַһϲæһ䣺´ʦ𣿡
´ʦûż˵̧һֻ첲ΡΡĶԲԼĲ˵ȥɣǵðȥȡ
ǣʦ⻰ǷϵľʧַͷɿŰ´ʦ˫֣ȥˡ
ַǵĴŰ´ʦ֪ʱӴ׵һЩкԪؽ壬ħʵϵЩƿƿ޹ޣַ֪´ʦ¾ǱЩ㻵ġ
ֻǣ밲οʱ򣬰´ʦͻȻյ˵ַ磿Сһ֪ˡ
仰Ȼȥûʲôַȴ֣´ʦ֮ǰһʮ㡣
һ֮ʣŲȥϷŵ𣬰´ʦȻƿַĲһվıֱǵ˫¸ַϤºͣȻϵļ⻹Щɳڣһ˲䣬»ص˰´ʦϣȥһ̬Եþӣȡ


ʮ ɱıɱ
´ʦͻı仯ʵַŵĲᡣ
ڣַſͶȥһȭͷɴ˫ǳԾ
ǣ´ʦǵûЦŲʧķȴǳ̾˿ַ磬ҵû⣬װҲȲѰ
´ʦΪʲôװַɫɫһʵѵħڲʲôô
ǰ´ʦСһѹ˳صţ߻ַߣۿ͸Ƭ״֮ǰʢŻɫҺǸСƿ£̾ħѾԭħ
ôַ粻ɵɻһ䡣
ħԽ´ʦһΣ˵̧һָָֻ컨壺ЩϼһѾоħҵȤͬϼһڣѾŸϯٿλ顭
Ű´ʦַҲԭί
ԭԼ֮ǰʱħϯ;ʼչءÿαչ£¶Ӱ
ÿһαչ֮ǰħĴȨֱ𽻸µִȫȨΪΨһͽܣ٣Ȩִ¶һЩ
ʱûȨı˽ΪݴܴѹᾡƽҲá
ˣе˲ħʦҲִ£Щ˻ģݣҲ޷й밾ȸ֮󣬡ࡱҲǵͷˡ
ǣչصƵԽԽߣԹҲԽԽģкܶ˶֣ȨһŸƺΪԼӰˡ
һ뵽δΪһιϯܶ˶סˣͨħʦǻ˵ûκȨδ˭ᣬҲֻѡܣңΣҲַƽ
ǣִܶ¿ɶˣһи̣˼ƻŵ׸ΰ¡ֹȥ
ȵֱִħȵȷҹħʦһǡٶħְλߵͣһʵǿʦ
ȻЩִǵʵһ㣬ǵʦȴһǴۣвִµʦסħʮϵϹ
ЩϹʵֻͻƵʥλħϯǣҪ˵ЩʲôҲҪɻ֡
˵ЩϹȻûжȨȴħƣħÿλħʦ𾴵ĶŬĿ꣬ħƵλż۴ħʦѾȥʣΪħͻ׵Ϲɶš
Щ˶Ѹߣڸоͻʥ֮󣬲ԸȥףҪһʱ䣬Ǳõħо档
ⲢǲԼͽܣ
Ҫ֪ħʦȢҲԼĺӣΪǰеĸ鶼עԼͽϡ
ؼǣħʦȦʵͬȦһǡϮơ
磬´ʦȥĻһео׽ͽܼ̳Уκ˶ûַȨ
ԣÿһϹﶼǳǵͽܣͽִ֮ܵµģȻõͽܣһЩõͽίˣϼһǱһסˡ
ڼ䣬ЩϹҲȥҸﱾˡ״ݰ´ʦ֪ƾĻֱ̺ӵĳƢȻûһڻؾϹǣҲûеһ¡
ĳֵ׵ʱ򣬸ҲסˣʱЦŰˡʥţЩϹǣÿһħϯǾʥͬģħߵȨʲôĻǾֱȥҷʥ
Ϊһ仰װħİӿƶ
ϹȻΪС¾ȥŹȴԸԽԽΪִµͽԽԽƵİЩϹһģʱΰħоҵͶı֮С
ҲףԼûκȨƾһͨħʦħϯʶԡǣϹǱͨԼһӵԼӰʼдġ
ħľӰİ´ʦȻܵЩϹǵ롣
ʼʱЩϹԡоħҵΪ밬´ʦ´ʦɲ֪ԼϹž˵ļƻھΪʲôЩϹǲٱ쳵ͬʱԼоɹԱ
ȵ˵ط´ʦŷԼˡ
۵һ룬´ʦҲʶԼȻǱȡϴģҪ˳ȴȵ컹ѡ
Ͼ֪ô಻֪ĶҪƨˣȻʲôΣգԺĴͺ˵ˡ
ǣ´ʦڵһλʱ򣬹ϡЧҡһλϡʵǿԱȽľżħʦһ
´ʦɲûеִµͽܣҲ뱻ⳡȨķ粨νЧҡҲֻȨ֮ơ
ԣ´ʦһӡװ
ǸһЩԼоħҩԼƤһŪĿȥ˥һЩÿμһλ飬϶ϼ֡
һʼЩϹǻûر⣬Ű´ʦĲμӴԽ࣬ȴԽ٣ЩϹҲʶ˰´ʦľ˱仯
ϹǵĳԾ´ʦȴװһȻģںμӻʱ򣬰´ʦѾձжڻԵ޹ʵ˯ţһЩĪʧ䡢ֻ߳ٵ״
һʼϹҲ԰´ʦЩɣΪ˻ѯһЩ⡣
´ʦشĺͿ´ʦ۵ĻԼļʱЩϹǱˡ
´ʦѾԵвǵĳ̶ȣյϣЩϹںĻҲ֪ͨ´ʦˣżȥһΣҲΪ˳䳡ĵֻ顣
´ʦΪԼġ̬ԵøʵλЧҡľżħʦͽܲ˹Эƽħо
Ϊ˰ȫ´ʦҲûʵ߲࣬ճħоܰѲˡҲģȻ֪ԼʦǿҲû⴫ȥ
԰ҵĴǰȫ´ʦһƨħʵ̨ػ˫ȣǾĴԼħʵңһ̾Ϣֻǣطûٴȥ
˵ţ´ʦͻȻؿַ磺Ҳֻܵˡ淢ййĿ
´ʦ߿ַ̬ͬһУȴȻһ¡
֪ħڲ϶ڱϿôס
ħЩ׵Ǳ򡢹ĶǵȵȣҲַ֮УϾħҲľۼֻҪǻڵĵطǾ޷סȻȣѶ겻£Ҳ޷ħᡣ
һַ֮ǰֻ֪ǣȴû뵽ħڻѾص˵ز
˵ЩڻַҲȥģƫƫЩϹԵ
ȻԸʵһлǵȥܣ
ġ顱Ȼûἰⷽ飬϶ǲøȥģ˵ԭûϲħҲûԸⵣһιϯ뷨˭ܱ֤ͻȻɱЩϹǵİʩѹ޹أ
һ¹¹ıɱ
޲صġĮЩϹġĥ
޲صַȻûȥ˵ʲôϾĶӣַҲ˼ҵļ£ЩϹΪ˰ݣҲҪһ
һ뵽ַ΢һ£뵽һӡ
ߣǲϲôҾһΣ


ʮһ Ȼ
ַȴûеŰ´ʦ˵
Ű´ʦһпӣĿ˷ǸʢŻɫҺħʵƿϡ
Զۿַ粢ûзƿĻɫҺʲô쳣ĵطһյýˣŷƿеĻɫҺ廹ʱðһСݣͻȻһ
ַҲϿѧǸѧϰұķȴûмʵҺ壬ʵ´ʦȻȫңȻҲʧһΪܣڿʼҾ͵ûдκ顣ôҺ֪ħƿУʲôҺأ
´ʦַͻȻһתЩ㵣Ӧ֮󣬱Сƿַǰ˻Σڽ͵ҵƳһҺԽħӵƻ⻹ƷʱûзʲôܳҺĽݡ
ƻַʱһ㶣׼˹ؼ㣺ʲô˼
ȥҵһ߼ħˡ´ʦûͣǳŬŬ죬󣬱ħʵ̨Сĵشħƿƿ
ַûԥܵѡһŰ˼ħ޵ĸ㶨ħˣ߻ݸ˰´ʦƺһߵȵħˡ
˵仰ʱַĵ׻һ仰û˵Ҳħˡ
ħ˴дһ˿ʹȻһֱϵž綾İ˼ħޣȻʱû뵽ʲôħϵħˣħǶһЩսʿϣܸӱ붾ЧǶħϣˮϵħͷųˮϵħӶԡ
˵˫Եħ˺ܺȻַ粢ħгҲ֪ħ˼ֵ϶ơ
´ʦӹֻĿһۣͺԥضħƿȻɿƿ
ַע⵽´ʦϸڣﲻһԹԣȻǮ
û꾪Ĺ򣬾ͿɫҺһ¾˴̼һͻȻðݽȥǿħŰΧ
󣬻ɫҺǣͻȻءһ𣬰´ʦƿʱ΢һַ緽ڲĴ¸߽ʱǸС͵ıը
󣬵Ȼƿûбըⱬըһ𣬰´ʦʱšƿһɽɫð󣬻ɫҺȥ˻صԭĳ̶ȡ
ɻɫζܵܿɢڿУ´ʦҡҡħƿַ͵ҺһʱĻֻҪħ޵ῳһҺͻħ޵˿ҵħ޵ħˣȻ󳹵׽ܣħ޵ȼ
˵´ʦɵԴ⣺һնɱħ޿ɾҪ򵥵ĶˣֻҪպԼӸĽͨ϶ܳסҺĽݣ
ַȻҲְԵɱħ޵ķʽһȻͬ´ʦĹ۵㣬ǵ´ʦĸܣǺί˵ǣ´ʦķȻɱħޱü򵥣ǣҾһҲú˰
壿´ʦһ㶣ɵΪʲôû壿ַ磬ȻҲ֪Ҳħʦ£Ӧòɣ
´ʦû˵˼ַ´ʦֻøһ룬ɱħ޵Ϊʲôأ
ȻΪħ޵ħ˺Ƥˣ´ʦʶ˵仰һ˵ʱַָʲôɫ˲ѿһԼĴȣԹҾȻҪϸڸˣ
ǰַȻȽɱħҪǱħ޵ħȥģħ޵Ƥ޹ȻҲֵһЩǮħˣǾ㲻ʲôˡ˵ַҲûм˵ȥˡ
´ʦȻףԼȻɱħޣҪħ޵ħ˻˵ĻôӶҲͲȥðΣɱħˡ
ͻȻʶԼķһֺôĶ´ʦͻȻ˲٣ħƿһߣյȥԭĴ࣬ԭֻȥһΣǶħ޲Ϥؼһ㶼Ҹˡ
´ʦЩַЩ̣밲ο䣬´ʦһ仰һСôַһʱһµ뷨
ҼǵԭħϤӦǿֱǴӼԭ߳ģԸ͵ħޣħڵĹ˽ĳ̶ȼֱáˣǵãһΣҲ˵ĻԼȥԭʵһ֮Ҳŷ֣Ȼ˵˿
˵´ʦͻȻɫһ̾˿ֻѾ˳ħˣҲ֪Ѿȥ˰ɣǺǣϾҪҵడ


ʮ ˵
ڰ´ʦʥңɼľ磬вŻϿѾ˵ͷ
ַȴ⡣
Ű´ʦһȴһµ뷨
Ȼ´ʦħĴѾ˲ֶϿԼβ˳ħᣬȻӵȥԺٰϿ
ֻǣҲ֪ھ͵Ű´ʦ˵뷨Ļ»Ե̫ðˡ
Ͼַ밬´ʦҲֻѣ֮ϤȫǰһС
ǣַ㿼Ÿ򰬵´ʦ롣
⿼ǵĹַҲûţĿ˰´ʦϵ͸Ƭ״ϣһָָ´ʦϵʲô
ţ´ʦһ㶣ַΪʲôֻͻȻѻת棬ȡ˱ϵݵַǰϾ֮෢һСߣܰҵ۾øһЩ
Ͼ۾ҲʱһʹȻҲܸԼʩһӥÿʱҪʩһΣʵ̫鷳Сڣܰʡ²ġ
˵´ʦɫЩ죬ʼ磬ԼıӣŹֵֻڱϺܲ
Ű´ʦЩַֻоԼ
Ϊ´ʦݸ۾ĳΣ
Ȼֻܿһֺܽʶ忴ȥҲֲܴڣַ糢ŷԼıһȻ߶رģ
ϸϸһƬȻħõӵĲϣϺԱȫϡϻ
ַȻ۾ҵҲ۾Ƕвͬģ
ǰǸ磬ϸµķֳ˽ӡԶӡɢȵȡ
Ȼ۾ֻһϻĳΣȫ־һ壡
Ͼ磬ɲÿ˶ܳΪħʦģħʦǶʩչͨӥͨȴУʱϻþͻֳˡ
ԭû۾ֶһЩͨҲֻܴպŹڼȻˡַжʱ͸һƼƻ
Ͼⶫħʦ岻󣬵ͨ˵ȴͷͬһˣ˿ڵıϣȻͨռ˾
´ʦַ緢ģΪַڷСߵĲϣЦЦֻһС໨˼һɣ֮ҿҪӿ
ǰԴַҲջɫİϻ˰´ʦ΢΢Цţ̽Եһ䣺´ʦڵĴѵûʲôô
㣿ʲô㰡´ʦӹϻ̾ϢһֻǼϹܳװ˾ͺˣһҾרļħоˡ
˵ţ´ʦЩ꣺ԺлĻҾ취ȥԭһˣ˵˳ħһֱţô˽ħ޵ϰԣһĺܺá
´ʦԭ̫ΣˣϾѾˣݵӦõѡ𣿡ַ糢Žһ
´ʦһ⻰ʱεҡͷЦҲãΪΣҲҪ취ȥһΣ֮Աħ޸ߵȵĵط˻ӵ룬ˣǲоȥ׷һĻǾҲûл
ô˵ǲħȥôַŰ´ʦ˫ۡ
´ʦûв쳣ԳȺϹļ£涼ˣ̸ôҸҶģߺ󣬿϶㵽ʲôݣ
仰ԴŭͲʣַڶУоʱѾˣ룺´ʦ֪ҪħĻĺѡ˵ܰ˳ħᣬô
ַ˵ĺСģϾ´ʦҲ̸϶죬´ʦҲȫȥ
˭֪´ʦһ¾ͼַ磡ܰħô
ţǵģҵĻַһʱ仹ûӦ̲סּһ䣺ȻǼһҲԸȥĻҲܰһħᡣ
Ŷ룬ǼһƺѾǰһӱɵϷȥˡ´ʦס΢һ£̲סһѹסɳ嶯˵ʲôַͻȻʵ˵ʲôѾȥϷˣ
´ʦһ⻰ֻøϽʱĿڣڽ͵ǰһӸ˵Ϸʲô䲨Ȼһǰȥ̽ˣ׾֮Уھ巢ʲôҾͲ̫ˡҪħһǿ
ַͣжʱһȻ뵽뿪ֵ֮ǰԼĪֵһˡ
˵һ˷Ϊоħᡣ
ʼʱַҲûжԴ̫עڵϵ͵֮󣬸ûټȻ´ʦһַʱ;һ亹
ԭЩ˶ǱԼȥģԭͷŽ仹䲨
ֲýͷǸˮϵ֮󣬲˹޲ظˡ
ǣΪʲôԼûио䲨أ´ʦƺҲûиоʲô䲨
Ѳɣֻеʥ򣬲ŻоĲô
ǡҪĻǹ̻ʣڰ̻ʵȵȶо˸ͷŵˮϵ䣿
ҺԼʱûдﵽʥ򰡣
һЩȥ˾ӦòỳɵԼˡ
ַɲ뱻һ£ĵ㣬㲻ãҪĸ£ԼûϣɳʥǿɱԼĻǿɾ̫òʧˣ
һԵİ´ʦַģЩż˵̲סĶַ˵ַ磬ģұ֤ܴҳȥһڵһʱ뿪㣬Բ㣡
仰Ҳڳɹַġ˻ַһ⻰ʶ´ʦԼ˼æ͵´ʦҲ˼ֻҪҳȥҾһκ飬ǡҪȴӦһ
ʲô´ʦûκԥԵЩȲ
ַ羲ؿŰ´ʦ۾һӦңҪٶȥԭ
´ʦû뵽ַ˺һ㷴Ӧ¶һ˿ȻͷɣЦЦðɡֻǣҪǲȥĻһӶˡ
˵ȥԭĿǼַ綨˶񣺡Ҫȥоħô
оħޣ´ʦЩԳȻһֱ׷󣬵ˣΪħһȴõһʦţĴ˰ҪоħޣҲ̸ֻһ̸
⻰ַͻȻһЦص´ʦұ֤һġ
ţ´ʦһ㶣ûӦΪʲô
ΪַϵЦŨˣҵĶʦ


ʮ ´ʦľ
ַ仰˵ĺƽ䵽´ʦĶУȴһ㣡
´ʦδϿȻһͽܣ
ļϿΪŮ˲˳ħģȻΪ˽飬ǾȻŮ˵Ͽڰ͢Ů˾ĸӵǿľѵĺӾͲѧϰħ츳ô
Ȼ˺ӣѪȻҪԼĺϣôоȥôһͽܣ
Ȼ´ʦҲóַ츳ǿȦӵϿôҲȥһͽܡ
˵֮ǰͶַʦܺ棬Ͼַǳ粨ħᣡ
ҲûϿϵ
Ͼħﵭ˳ĸǿħʦкܶ࣬Ͽ˳ħʱ򣬲ֻʵħᶼֻ֮߼ҲԵ̲һͽܡɵǣϿ˰˼ħʦʱ򣬰´ʦѾ̤˱ԭͲ֪£
ˣһֱΪַʦλ˳ħħʦ
ֻǣƺϲ˿Цڰ´ʦ͹֮ʱȻδϲ
ԣһ̣̩֮ʣ´ʦһ˫۾ɵĹԲһץסַ죬ӽʧصĴ󺰵ʲô
Ű´ʦԾɫѾߵַֻεЦǵģ´ʦûжħָƵĿȷǴħĶʦңĲһʦûȥԭ嵽ڻӲʣ뿪Ļһᰲʦġ
˵ַɫһЦҲЩǿңҾʦһܸ˵ģںҪ顣
´ʦһ⻰ҲʶԼʧ̬ľٶæɿַ죬ַЩȻʱһ
Ǵ˿̷̩ʱ𾴵εøǿң´ʦҲ˲ϵǸʵַ磬⻰ʲô˼Ҽǵÿ˳ħԭΪҪ飬ĻӦö˰ɣ
´ʦ෴ַЦԽǿľԤϣʦ뿪ħ֮󡭡
ַϿ¼򵥵ĸ˰´ʦһ顣
û뵽ıȴôһҵ³´ʦ֮󲻽Щ꣬ħʵ̨컨пһΪеħʦУֻпҸأôľȻ˱ҵľ
ǰ˭ҲԤϵԼԺʲôַһĿƽ񰬵´ʦҲԤϵһ
Ǻǡ˵Ĳ´ʦӵЦͻȻĬһɫԴ࣬Ťͷ濴ַ磬Щεַ磬Ȼܰ˳ħᣬܲٶһˣ
ţַ粻ɵһ£´ʦͬô
ѵûУϾִܹԼѾܲˣֻǵĲӡ´ʦĬ̾˿һµĺúӣһߣħ޿ˡ
ָĻӦò⡣ַͷֻҪԸ뿪Ҿܴһ߳ȥ
˵ķͻȻһ죬´ʦַɫһ䣬æѵǲֻ࣬ӵҷԿס
Ȼŷű򿪵𣬲Щյ㴫˽ʦǼһȻҲֿûˣܸоǲԸң
˵䣬û뵽Ԥа´ʦĻش϶ʱһ㶣ϽϷ̧ͷһ۲ԶϵħʵҴţеʱһɲõԤС
ʲôæܵħʵҵǰɵƿħʵҵĴźȴһ¾סˡ
ûԼʦĳ´ʦ֮ǰݷǸһĶԼԼϵĿ⣬ƺԵüΪİ
಻оЩ֣Ҳ̲סֹоֵǣԼʦƺǷһЩ仯
ˣĿƺҲøˡ
һֱ仯ǿͶַһòԵ΢Ц󣬱̲סǰɻʦôˣ
ࡣ´ʦ֮ĵͽܣĿҲʼøû뿪ħ
һ⻰ʱһûע⵽´ʦѾʮ㣬ɫһ˲ͿͨһڵأǻϿң
ҾԲ뿪ʦߣʦʮһǰӱҴӱǽĽҲʦģʦҷʲôһҪңһһҪҰ
˵󣬲Ѿһ˿ǻ
´ʦЩ̲סЦɵӣôԵ޹ʵĸأ
һ㶣˵ʲôһԵַǸˣ´ʦû⣬һ߰ɡ
ãǾ鷳ˡ´ʦͷҲûм˵
ַˣ΢Цһ²ļһ׼ȥһŤͷ尬´ʦصһһʹ뿪
˵꣬´ʦٴεͷַûԥ̧žͳȥ
ֻһãȻĲ࣬ƺûлع˿ַ뿪ıӰֻȫ˻İ´ʦãʦ⡢⵽׷ʲô


ʮ ʮ
ַСĵش˰´ʦķţ¹۲ۣȷû˺ŷĴ˳
ϷţַʶĿһ۲Զķ䣬վԭ΢Ƭ̣Ϊ˰´ʦʦͽİȫڰ´ʦǰһռ󣬲뿪תȥʮħϡ
һռ뵲ڰ´ʦķǰʥʵ޷߽´ʦķ䣬һϲЩϹǣҲʱڶ԰´ʦʲô˺
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ǰû뵽Ȼеڶ˻ͨʮĲȨԽħʦɫܸӣң˾Ȼһħʦ

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Ҳͬһʱ̣ԺкȻ˹ңѾ׹ԭ𣿡
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ַ翴һȦħʦ㶵ı飬о֮̾Ҳ̲ס̾Ϣ
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Ըһ߽ûжѪֳܵжķӦǵվ˹ߣʷʥʲôԸ
ڳħʦȻЩηЩˣ̲סһ롣
΢΢ɨһȦ˵Ƿֳ˰ĻȫȥɢŽħսšʣµˣһ˴һ°ϣִµʬ壬ħĿռ԰ʣµǸѲµʬװһȻѧԺ޲ȥ
Ļ˱˳ڵĻ֣ЩĬħʦǳȥҲæŴɨʬ塣
ŶŸֶַ֣֣˳䣬ص˸ķ
һϷţַʱһ񣬸ллʥӦҵҿЩһϸתԺˡ
˵ͷû˵ǰĿ˸ϣ׹䣬Ҳһ˵ԭ򣬶ңΪħϯȴûз֣ڿʼҷﷴ˼£κ˽ӴڣϯһְʱΡ
ǣʥûκηӦһ
һԵַ⻰֪Ҳ𷣸øúµʱ䣬һ³ʥĻ
ͬʱһ¼ôִԼϹǣħҲһ׵ϴƣҲǸһ˾ܼԦģҲµʱ䣬ٶѡħĺġ
ӦͲٶ˵һ߸ַʹһɫһ߳ȥ
߳ķź󣬹Ŷַ˵ˣѾˣȥ֮Ϳ԰Ѱºͽܴˡ
˵䣬ǲַռһ󲨶Ӱʱʧڿ
ַ翴һ۶κζħһɵЩ
û뵽ֻǶ̶ôһĹеͶѾˡ
ԶѾʰʬ߳Ľˣַ绺³ͨ²ħķ˵һ
ص˵ʮһʱԶԶͿɣһСӣŬ߽´ʦķţǣŬȴ޷´ʦķŰ벽
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ģģɣһַ粻ţһ¾żˣԼԣ϶ȥ
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Ҫӽ´ʦʱɣ޶ʱָǰش󺰵ǰ棬ǰǸλãͽ
һȥֻû˵ͿַѾµĿ˸ղŵǸλãַ˰´ʦķϣתԼĵѵɣִ£Ұô
һ̣ɣ޼ֱԼ۾Ծؿַ磬ʹ˫֮󣬲Сسַڵλ̤һ
ĿԽȥ
ѵԼղײô
ӦʱַѾߵ˰´ʦķţ溰һ䣺´ʦҡ
ܿʹ˻ӦɣҲʱӦ˹̲סһ㵣Բ۾ַȻϵð´ʦ
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һ·ϣ´ʦҲټαװ֪龭ĲҲ¶ɵЦݡ
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ŶӲһħںַͻȻӿһֶ꣬˺һ̲ס̾˿Һ𾴣ԸԺǿɲҪվڶľϰ
˵꣬Ȼתӻͳ޲صСֽһۺ󣬱㳯űѧԺķٸȥ
иҪԼ




ʮ д޲ص
ѧԺ޲ص鷿֮ڣ˿һƬž
ַһ߽ߵķУɨۣͷһͨķ䣬װȻеʩҲһӦȫſڵǽ棬һţӦǰԺڼʱס
ʱѾӻѣڴϲ֪ʲôʱĬ޲ؾڰߣץһֻ֣һָӵ۹һֱԵĻеĶӡ
ؽлҽַϷţԵϰصһ䡣
ϰǿһ˿Цݣ˵ͷû˵һ۴ߵˣת˳ȥ
ַٴιϷŵʱ޲Ѿβסʹǿһ㾫񣬳ַ˹ȥǵҪһ˵ַ磬ˣղŲõʱѾյǾʬˡ
Ժˡַ絣ĵؿ˰һۣ
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֪ݵģƮһԵȻǻشַĻĿȴȻϣȥԵüȵԡ
һ٣ͻȻתַ磬ϸ˲֪ƣĬһЦݣַ磬ģûʲôµģԺСʵҸողѹ֮ҾͨˣҾѹҲ޷ıʵֺαȥΪ˸ı䲻˵ʵأ
סˣĺܸˣѾͬһøһȥʡ룬ǶֵȥҲϲȥ顣
ʱ޲Ѿ˴ߣݵĺһ仰۽ǵļԳ鶯һ¡
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Ϊʲôϣһ䲢ûг԰֮ڣ޲˵ġ
ַͣȴһסַͣ㲻ýͣ㡣
˵һ䣬ͻȻתȥ˴ϻԵһۣ󣬳޲һͷȻֱͷҲص߽Ǹ֮С
һַǻعɵһüͷ޲أԺˣǡ
ǵ濴˰ɡ޲ͻȻڴϣտڲԣڴϵ
ַҲһɫѾ˺ܶ࣬촽ҲѾѪɫ˿̺ƽȣ˯һֻǲ֪ʲôʱ
˼ãַ羭ؿ֮󣬻ȡд޲صǷ飬ָһ˿ħȥűݸ޲أԺˣҲ֪ʬĽû˵ԭί¥֮ǰдġ
޲¥ʱһ㶣һѴַӹֽʹ򿪿
ַϸ΢ĶϾͲѿ޲ػ֪ࡣ
ֻһСĹ޲ؾѾֽȻʧȥȫϵıһ˲ֽҲһ˴ߡ
ǶȣַĿֽϵݡ
дţд޲ص־Ҫ˺ֽܶ࣬Ͼֻд˼ξ֣ƶûУ
ȻĶӣȴδһӦůȻҵĸףȴûѯʹҵ뷨ҷ·İˣȴİ˻ҪİԸҵܽҵʹ࣬Ҳʶ㻹ôһӡ
ܶʱܻ룬ѵĲô󲿷ʱֻܼʰݣѰȫҾֻĮÿÿЩʱ򣬶԰ȴԼ
ֻΪҵá
ȻһѾòҪˡ
ϣڿŵʱһЩˮֻǿңƭҲνΪֻҲܸоҵĸס
޾ʡ
һţַʶ̧ͷͿ޲صϣһᣬĶͷϡ
֪ĳãǵãα̫ิӸˮͷϵһ˲䣬һ˫۾΢زһ¡


ʮ ޲صѡ
޲ƺûע⵽ϸڣص˫۽գˮۿе䣬Ķͷϡ
λǿʥǿ˵ϣѧԱ䣬ڻʵ۵ҲһᵹĿɿɽ塣
ǣʱַֻһλͨĸףһλѪиĻˣҲΪкԵϸµĺᣬͨһҲԼС
ֻǣλϣȴ޷ͨһԼĸ飬ĮҲֻΪԺħľбħǣסֻնѪԵ飬ܲħǣűߡ
ǣ޲ػʧˣȻĮ޷ԣղķװλá
Ȼ鲢ûԤеô˳ãǻصߣҲǱסˡ
ַ翴޲ĳģ֪޲ˣһ޷Ϊһɴµˣַãһ鶼ûˣǾǳٴ£ʲôã
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ûпڽ޲صľ˼ڣôԸӵڴء
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˵Ҳɣ֪ΪʲôʱָֻƽƤٲʲô¶ûзһ
ֻжͷϵһ̲ˮس滬ȥ
޲æߵëΪȥͷϵˮֲ˲ԼӣŤͷַ磬ǸǸЦˡ
Ժˣûʲô֮顣ַ統Ȼ⣬ɵʼ磺ңҲһġ
㣬²һִ¡
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ǰʼʱҸһҲǺŷԭܸӡַƲһ۴ϵҲվ޲ߵĴߣŰѺϸ޲˵һ顣
˵ַҲ̲סпһ䣺˵ʵɱȻħĲЩӲΣԭ
ַ仰û˵޲Ҳóҡҡͷп̾Ϣ˵Ĳµȫҡֻǣû뵽ȻΪ¾ʹ󶯸ɸꡣ
ҲȫΪһ档
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˵ţ޲ƺټ˵ŤͷƲһȻһתղַࣺ磬ǲʲô飿Ϊʲô첻Ͱһˣ
Ŷǵǡַ޲תƻ⣬֪ҲΪ˰ݺǣҲ˳˵ȥǿɱ뵽һ飬šҾã¿²ȥˡҰ£֡
ðɡ޲ַ粻ᣬҲǿļ򣬳һ£ŵǵһ磬ҾͰŰشѰݺ͵ȥʣµ鷳ˣʱ򣬰شҲһϸء
ôһ⻰ַ粻üؽҲҪȥôǣĻûпŵˣ
û취͸һ飬ҲܵһЩýҾڰ͢Ҳǻˡ޲̾ϢһԺ󡭡ǵȵԺ˵ɡ
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ַ֮ʳ仰ǵĺǱ߽ڻʲôȻڲ;ٶȥò˶ʱܽʥ򣬵õһͰͰķ࣬Ѿúˣ
ȻûʲôΪΥ͵ƽŸַԽġ
ڵʵ˵ʥ֮ѷ֣һʥǿߣ£ĵѰ
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ΪˣַԽʥ
ҲףȻڳɳٶȺܿ죬ʥϾҪһЩʱ䣬ʱڶһЩֶΣַںģ
Ͼһһο϶СģɱЧĵȻǶڿռˣ
ֻҪܶһЩռ䣬٣ʥ֮µˣַ粻ȥʲô
ǣҲֻÿռַһǿռ𵴣ǿռ룬ֿռöʥ֮µ˵Ȼ죬ǣǰֻ𵽸šӻֵãΪΧ̫СһֻܸһˣȺ𵽵ʵ̫С
ںߣȻЧ죬ȴʱ䡱ʵ̫ڲսУҲ˶á
ڣַڴﵽʥ֮ʱУһֿƿռı죬̶ֻܸȵıסԼ
޲ַôѯʣƺûж룬ֻһЩ⣬صֶܹΣĶʲôѾǲˡ
һ޲ô˵ַǵû¶ϲɫ΢΢ü˵Ļǲûдﵽʥǰ˿ռˣڴﵽʥǰʱڣֿռ򣿡


ʮһ ʥĲ
ַѾӵƿռʵҲѾﵽ˾żнף˵ֻһܽʥ֮ˣ
ǣΪֹҲֻÿռ𵴺Ϳռѣ޲صĻ˵ֿƿռûѵڴﵽʥ֮ǰʱڣԼٵֿƿռô
޲һַ⻰Щ㵣̯˫ҡҡͷʵ޷ش㡭Ϊûﵽʥ֮ǰѾ˿ռ˸֮٣ңûдﵽʥ֮ǰǿɶ൱ġʥ֮µ˵ҪǿϺܶ࣬ɱʥǿͲʲô
Ҫǣһδﵽʥ֮ǰ˿ռôԵıܣͣҲˣ̲סܾĳջ󣬼֤Լ
ʱ򣬾Ϊʱһзˣôͻɳʥǿ߰֡αʥǿߡ׶ɱҡ
ԣЩܴﵽʥǿߵļ٣ҵʶһٴﵽʥ֮ǰˡҼǵãʱǾżнףƺֿƿռҾãȻԭйذɣżн׵ʱ򣬱ѵʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
޲ôϸĽַͣﲻ̾˿Լռֱڵľżнףûöʱ䣬Ҫڵĳɳٶȥڴﵽʥ֮ǰǺһƿռˡ
һ뵽ַвɵǳأԼҪץʱȡմﵽʥˣ
ֻǣַ绹Щģ̲סѯʵԺˣܸܲʾƿռ
ûõġ޲ҡҡͷǰڱҵȶϣ׵һҾ֪һʥˣңڻͱ»·ϣ֪̽ˮ¼ЩӰѾ˿ռ𵴵ı졣
пռ롣ַһ޲˵ûãæּһ䣬Ѿûκˡ
ǣ޲ȴҡͷҪףĿǰƿռֶθʥǿ߿ƿռֶθ£ʥǿٿؿռ䣬ֻÿռѡ
ʲô𣿡ַ粻ɵɻ
޲̾˿̫ˣ
˵ţ΢һ˵յĿռ𵴺Ϳռ˵Ϊʥǿ߻жв
ԺˣЦˡַʱЦʥǿ˵Ͳֵһᣡ
˵Ĳ޲صͷʹһռ𵴣ʥǿ˲𵴵Ŀռָʹһռ룬ʥǿҲ˲ͽʥǿߵĶս֮УռͿռ𵴼ǲʹõģΪһﵽʥͲǽռ㣬Ĳٿؿռ䣬ʱḽڿռ棬ÿһȭһὨÿռ֮ϡ
˵޲ؿַƶǶģɴһֻȭͷֱ˵˾䣺ˣ
ַʱһݣϽ׵˼רĶ޲صֻȭͷ
޲ظһ˵꣬ջһȭ

һȭȥռһһȭͷ΢΢ŤУӽȭͷλõĿռϣԼ˿˿ַоһ˿ڰԪص
Ҳһȭһ¾ַȻ
ԭ˰ַһȭ֮ƣ̾ԭʥǿߵÿһжڿռĻϻģĻʥ֮սǱ˭ĻԪǿˣ
ֹˣҪ˫ڿռٿص̶ȣԼԪĻǿ޲һʥ֮µ˶似Ͱ˼֮Եãֻͬʵ֮£ʥ֮սʥ֮¿ҪնˣΪ˿ռԵʣԲע⣬ܾͻᶪ
ַһһߵͷ޲˵֮һ䣺˵ġԪĻָʲô
ѵִʦ֮ǰû͹ô޲ʶɻһ䣬ͽ͵֪ҲǷֵȼģֻĵȼָ಻ͬǿ޷ɱ񣬵ȴ׻񣬶Ȼ޷ǿҪеֿģսʿеĵ߼һֻ֮Ĳ󡣡
ףִʦ˵ַȻ򣺡˼ǡĳʥ۷ǿҪǷϵԪأһԪصʥ۷ǿߣڿƿռ̶һĻǰ߾ͲǺߵĶ֣𣿡
ô˵սҪѵơ˫ʣɷֶҪǽȥ޲صͷϾʥǿߵÿһжſռһ񣬾ԷĻܶ࣬㶼пܻᱻռԴ
޲һַͣʥ֮飬̾ʥ֮ĽָյͬʱȴҲӿʥ֮Ŀ
һ뵽ַ̲סҪǻȥץһһȡմﵽʥ򣬿뿪ڣͻȻ뵽һ飬ɵÿһڴϵһۣ󣬱һת޲Ժˣ뿪֮ǰܻشһôšһӦһ顣


ʮ 
Ŷָʲô޲ؿַһۣЩɻ
ַƬ̣Ҳûзϻֱ˵Լ˼ʵ֮Բܸݺһߣ뵽һֵ飬ڶ֮ǰҾ뷨ˣֻһֱҶû¶ģɱҸоѾȥˡ
ָĵʲô£޲ض˶񣬿˴ϵһۣҶʲôϵ
粢ûʲôϵֻɱΪҡַҡҡͷ΢һ£˵šԺˣӦûǵðɣ
޲һ㶣ַΪʲô𰢶Ӧ֮󣬻ǵ˵ͷȻǵá
˵ĸǵ۹˲˲ĳӣյ۹涨Ҫ̳˲ľλġ
ַ˵ɵʼ磺ͳ˲ΪΪһϸļ̳ˣ֮ǰ׼ȥĪŷۣԺˣҲ֪ûĪ˽սҵ¡Ͼսϵۣ˲ĵϵҲѱʲô⡣
Ȱ˲ͰȥĪŵ뷨޲صɫЩŹ֣ͻȻһתζַ磬Ǳ˼飬ļ彻ٺãҲֱܲ˼˽£ңԷģ˲ҲǱߵ飬϶ʱĳȥĪŵġ
סַ˵ͷ΢˿ǣԺˣܲʵûҪ̳оλģҪĸͲЩˣôʼչĶѹ֡
˵ʱַ޲Ҫڴϣæּ˾䣺ȥĺܵѡһһ·ݣ˭ҲԸ
һ⻰޲ϵıһ¾ˣţɫѿʶľͳϵ˹ȥ
ַ翴޲صģ̾ϢһҲ֪Ǳ˼˽£˲ȥ֣˲ŵô꣬ڿѡһ·ҾʵǲȥˣΪ˰δҸ˲Ҳˣԣ˲ƢϾĹϵǲġ
šַô˵޲ǵͷĬȻһ̧ͷַַ磬˲в١ǣȰ˲ܱ֤һҸô
Ĳұַ֤ҡҡͷȴܿ϶ǳΪһʫˣǡþʶһλʫˣȰ˵˲ɹĻҾͻȥλʫˣԸ룬ǰԼѡԼӦûеҸġ
ʫˣ޲һ⻰ʱЩΣҾã˲һֿЦĻһģ
Ժˣʶλɲͨʫˡַص˵һ䡣
޲һ㶣ͶַһĿ⡣
ַûκԥǰһӣ˵һλͣӦ˵֡
ͣ޲صʱһʧ˳ʶԼʧ̬æһصôʫˣ˭
Ѫߡַƽ˵֣Ͻ͵ʵϣӦؽ˵Ҿڱҵϸԭʱģһͽܣȴʱ޷߳ԭҲʵѡԣͰҰɫһֻǣһֱ˲Ǳ߲ͬ⣬һֱûа˵
˵ţַ翴޲صɫƽּȰԺˣѪ߳ӵ͵֮⣬ǵ³ҪǸѧϰ϶ֻѧϰһЩôʫ衭
ңҾã׷ĿܸͲǳΪһʫˣһ㣬ԼףһֱоֻҪڵĻȥϲñκȨ
ַô˵޲صɫ˼䣬ַ˵Ҳ̲סּһ䣺ԣҾ볢ȥȰ˵һ˲ҲӦң˵ЩǧɲҪ˵һȥˣҵб䡣
޲ַĻҲ̲ס˵ͷ¾˲ӦҲԲ˵ȥѪߵɱ飬һ˳ȥضвٳţȻЩ˿϶Ѫʲô˺޲Ҳϰ˽⵽ѪһŹֵˡ
һѪɱɱķˣΪЩȫǰģеìͷȫָڰϣǿɲʲô飡
뵽޲رԥĴӦİɣҲǲˣҿ϶˵ȥġ
⻰ַǷģһ޲ظԼ˵˵˲Ƣʱ޲ͻȻԶԶڴϵȿڵ˲ƢͲõˡȥ֪ͨһ°ɣϴ·һȥ˲һˣ˲˵һǿϲ١
һ⻰ַʱһϲԼȻҲȥȰ˵˲ؼǣվڰĽǶȣȻѩħǹ˲ǰҲҪСһ˵Ļ˵ϾҪ˼֣޲ص԰ĳɹʿ϶ͻࡣ
һַ̣ޱܣ֪޲һҹûϢ˵ͷٳɣھȥҰӦûԭǸɣ
ţȥɡ޲˵䣬ҪһԵȥ
ַˣҲͲٶ˵΢΢Ʋһۣ˳ȥ
ʱ򣬾ͿƺҪȥæӿŲӭȥ󺰵׼ȥĶ
Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ü֮ԻԴݣֻû뵽ͻȻַ磬ɵһϲӭǰȥ̲ס٩һ䣺׼ȥռǿأַ磬ôѵ»鲻죬ˣǸ𣿡
ַ黹㲻Ҳˣ˿ԽԽڵɫҲ뵢̫ʱ䣬ߵߺ󣬾ֱмҪǽ̸ɣ
һַǿЦ̲ס΢΢üͷȻ֪ʲô飬æַ
ַһ֮Ҳ˵ϻֱ֮ӵ⣬һ˵ʱ򣬰ᡱһ¾վǼɫ۶Ǿϲַ硭㡢˵Щô
˵ַ粻ɵЦˣȻҽרΪġ
̫ˣЦһ˷ܵСһһɸһ£ϵ˷뼤Ȼסˣţϲıȫʧ˶ʱʧһ֮źǸǲͬġ
ַᶨҡҡͷȻûףɵŰӣȴֵʮ㣺ңԺˣһ棬㸸һͬģ
ôЩãȻ뵽е۹󹫾Լ棬ַֿᶨģҲһ˿϶ʱһ˿ɵЦݣַ磬ص˵ͷ


ʮ Ƣ˲
۶˲
ʱɫѺڣ˲ǰͣһµӡһı־˿вûˣֻһĵϣűΧӬ棬ʱԹһ䣺⼸еĳζûٴӬ
ȸۡĵ򣬸ڵ鷿ȴԵЩš
˲鷿󣬵ҲСװεĺܾ£ħƱǽϣ滹һŹŵıÿȻڽУէһȥᵽһ֮ƣ˵һ鷿˵һ⡣
ΪеϾǰڷż飬λã˸ָı
ش鷿Ͽ
˿̣ӵٽΣѫҵ˲˫֣һɭȻĿǰ޲غַ磬һ˵⣬˵껰ʱʱغһЦҵ۹λʲô飬ԭȻҵĳˣ
仰䣬һԱվԭصİһ⻰ʹһ顣
ַ޲ؼ˲ƣҲüһۣӶԷпһ˿ǡ
ĬƬַ̣˲Ϳ͵˼æǰˣˣҸûд򰢶˼ǰǰѣǰԺУڼ״ȫľ״̬һֱܲãҲ֪ԣһǲ¶ǰ
ѩħǹˣѵҡ̹˽£Ҳô˲ַ˵һڴϣȻ˾ȴǲƣԣ۰״̬ⶼ̹飬Ȼĵλٸߣ룬⻹ֲİɣ
仰ַܲȻҲײòֱ˼£λû˵궼˲һڴϣҲɵЩջҲˣѵͲҵĻô
ߣ˲һߣмѩħǹˣԭǺģĶʽϣҿû˵һ䲻ĻΪʲôһҪ̹أ
һ⻰ַȻǺջ𣬵˲ƫƫץס˽¡۲ţû˵ȥߵİˣҲַ½һ£Ĭҡҡͷ
һԵ޲ؼԽԽţæǰյˣҲǶˣҵϣͲһ𱬵Ƣ𣿡
޲صºͣһ˿ʾζ˲һǵûһ¾Ǳȼŭ𣬵ʱŭ޲أѵҲҼ˽ô
˵ţһ䣬ȫð𴿰ɫĶĿ񣬺ηȻֻа˼۷ʵǰԵúԲ̹ҫԲƣ
ˣ޲һ⻰֪ĿûϷˣһ󣬶˵ɫȫƣް֮ƣ
ƾ޲صʵҪٵֱ̹׾٣Ͳ˵ôϻҸַĿģ侲˼һ£ΪԺܸ÷չҲΪ˰ǣ㻹Ҹ꽻ķϣ侲ǵĻĶûУ޲ؾ͵Ϲ۲Żʶ㣡
˲û뵽޲ػᶯŭҲо޲˵еһΣûпڷϵŭɫҲһЩֻɻתŶûõ˼
޲ؼϷһºࣺˣҶʲôʱӹ㣿֪Ҳܲ飬ҸַҲûҪֵ˼ֻһھȨȻ
ұϾཻһĿȥַջһЩҲһæȰ˵ҲǸ֮ģ˵һǾûκҪֵ˼
˶ΪԼ˵Ҳ֪ٲץסĻԺͲκλˣŴʱ̧ͷ˲֮ǿ
˲˵Ҳǹİģǿ񣬲ݺݵصһۣǺɸֵζ
Ҳɿڣǿзŭƽ˵λɡ
һ⻰ַ޲ͬʱһҲǳ³һ
ַ˵˼ԼѪҪͽ뷨мḶ́޲Ҳ˼˵ӣм䣬Զ˲ݡ
·ϵʱѾọ̈̄ʱַ˵һ飬вɵһμʵϣҲַһҪȥһʫˣֻѳصڵ
һԼҪȥͶѪλ³£һľþ޷ƽϢ
ַ޲ȫ˵ʱͬڣ˵Ŀ˲
˶ףȻ˵ĶѾ˵ˣǵ󣬻Ҫ˲˵˼ˡ


ʮ ŵ
˵ʱַΪŵʱ
֮ǰ˲ԣ˸о˿̵ѹԶֹһٱ
˭ֻ֪Ҫʱ˲һҡͷ֮ǰַ޲Ŭȫ׷ˣ
ˣȻҪַ޲ػҪŵĶ࣬˲ӣգ۶ң¾գ֮ĸ׾͸һ̡ŵĻʶץסַĸ첲ԼַָļжȻ֪
ַȻǸоʹʹΪע˲ľĿ˿û뿪˲ӡ
ַͰεĹâ޲ؿ˲һ˿Եĳأظ˲ǧҪñ緢ڰϡ
˲˿̵ı鵱渴ӣ۵Ҳص˼ȻҲע⵽˰ľ״̬ԽԽȴ֪ȻһԸ
ã˲һһ㣬۾̾Ϣˣǿ󲻻кý
仰һڣַʱһ£̲סеļƵһ±࣬϶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҳʱ˲˫ۣصĿŰɫԼѡĵ·Ӵ֮һΪ̳㲻ҪκԹԡ
ģףһݣȻеļǾȻܴСͱʺϼ̳˵λãܣҾڡ
Ǻã˲ҧҧȻǻЩʣȻѾͬ˰Ҳȥڣ˿˵ȻѾҰ˼̳оλʸ񣬵Ҫסʼն̹һԱҪʱڵһʱ䷵أܵвʱҲڵһʱվά𣿣
ףصͷϿҡ
˲ˣͻȻúƣַ޲һۣ֮ȻѾû˵⣬ȴҲƣˣǸʧ㡣
˵ţתȥͷˡ
ˣĬĬؿ˲ıӰҧ촽
ַ޲ضһۣ֪ҲûٴȥıҪˣ˲ǡ
󣬰Ѱڲסһ˾뿪˲ĸۡ
ڰ޲Ŀ֮ǰַ΢Ц˵˾䣺ԺˣллھͻȥʰһһʱҾȥӰݺ硣
š޲ص˵ͷһ£ĵͰȥԭһ·ҲСģþܻص֣Ҫ顣
仰ַ΢Цͷʵ޲طԸ䣬ַҲʱڸϻ֣ϾĿֻµʱ䣬ڣҲʣˡ
޲ؿַͷ֮Ҳûзϻʱһͷ֮С
ַĿ޲ĿһһӳȥԽԽԶҲͷ뿪ٶȷصԼĸۡ
һַҵ˰£Ͻʰһ£׼һ̷֡
ԼڷԸ֮󣬱æص˷УĿʼץһһ
峿ĵһصʱѩħǼĳҲѾ˵۶ĽֵϣĳӲûʻôشԭأڵȴʲôһ
Ȼû򣬾һӿӴԶʻǰĵһ϶ʱһˣûж˵ʲôȫɫĶԶʻĴӭȥ
ھһλ֮˱ͣסӣصȴ
ûᣬдһ䵭£ͣ°ɡ
ڻµһֻ̣ǰƶ˰벽ͣԭأʾµԦˮ׼
ַ˳վǰԶǸˣϸһ˿΢ЦӭȥЦΣһ·Ͼ鷳ˡ
ⶼ⡣ҲЦˣһȭַļͷϣԸܿЩȥ룬ֵǿɶ㡣
ġַ˵䣬ε˵ͷתȥиո߳ϰأʵؽ
ûѡϰһ˵۾ųĳӣ˵һ䣺öĵû̫ķӦ
Ǿ鷳һ·϶չ˰ݺˡַ˵ͷ̾Ϣһ
ҵΡϰûж˵˵֮󣬱
ַٴתȥʹһɫλ⣬Ӧһ֮ٴγӵǰȥεӰԭԽԶַҲŽµͷˣ£ȥɡ
˵䣬˼óʻĿռ䡣
Ű˵ڼ˳֮һ֮Уӱͳŵ۶ŵķʻ
лӵĳִַپ֮⣬ӵ۶ۡ˶پУַİҲУֻкܶҪңַȥԭҲòŰУԣص۶һЩ֮⣬ˣӡ
ĿͳԽԽԶֱ̫ʧ۶ĺܶҲ߼˴ַ֮Żص˸֮ۡС
ַͣ˼Ͱȥԭ顣
˵Ӧһֵף£Ͼ˽չȻַҲܱ֤Ѫ߿϶°٣Ѿɹ˵һҲѵһ
ңӽ֮󣬾Ҫ뿪ôĵ۶ҲҪףһ·Ŀ֣뿪۶֮ǰһЩ䡣
뵽˴ַ鷿дźһˣ׼ŸѧԺһ͸޲أһ͵ȶС
żݣ͸ȶǷϸͱ𰢶ᣬд޲صǷ⣬ȻȶҪһųԺ֤ͨ
ȻַһѧԱԺдŸ޲أַɲΪɨ޲ص档
ǣ˽ӹż뿪ֻ֮ط״̬
һΣַ粢ûеںϱԵķʽȡһЩһղںϹĵĵܣһ߼ںš
ֻǣûõĹͱһ󼱴ٵоѣ˿͸⣬ҲͲŹȥ˲һСʱͷĳ溰һ䣺˭ʲô飿
ˣԵЩš
ַóǰԼȥŵˣжʱһʲôϽվæϴһϵĵʬ壬һԡ֮󣬱Ϳ첽ſȥ
һ򿪷ţַͿţҲЩͲԼɵüͷڳ׳ʲô飿ǲǡʲô


ʮ 
òᣬĿ಻ʮַ꣬ԼǵΪͥƶŻԼϵ˵ģԭӦûڡѵڼ䣬ΪַͻȻѴ󲿷˶ŵȥֵĳ֮У˻δʽѵͱȱַ硰Ƹ¼áˡ
ֻǣ˲֪ûѵԵʣǼ̫٣ֻǸоַѹ̫һַ翪ڣϵɫøӻţ֧֧˰죬ȴҲû˵һмֵĻ
ַ粻ЩΣվſڵı˻ֱһѰԼķ䣬ϷţһЩŵ˵׳ʲô飬ٸ˵һЩϻ
ˣҡ˷·ӻҲֱַ磬˵һмֵĶûҵ˵ıȶǣԺȴˣ˵ǡǱȶȥܾˣʱԽ
Ȼأַٴε̾˿
һ⻰ʱһ£ȻȻҾͻˡ
ˣַҲһ㶣ǿһ䣺˵㲢ûʲô飿
ǡǰ̧ͷĿЩãȻҲһЩ
ʲôַû˵һ䣬ŵӡ
һ˵ıַ֣вɵٶһΣãŵǷ
һһԼҲһ㷴Ӧʱ䣬󣬾º͵ĿʵԺûиȶȥ
ûСæҡͷţ뵽ʲôһһϽ˵Ժ¸ұȶ֮ǰͱˡ
ˣַ統һ㶣ʵԺ˸ʲôʱߵûУ
һΣ࣬Ƭ̣ҡҡͷû
ʲôˣַһ䡣
ʶԼʧְԼһ䣬ҲæصԺ¸ңȱȶ֪֮ͨġ
ַص˵ͷֻ˻ӣˣȥɡ
˵䣬ٴγԡҵķȥ
ǡҲ˿
ɾת׼򿪷ŵʱַɢӱ˹Ժѧŵ㣬еС¾ͰԼĽģԼҲˣͬű˸һţɾĲˣ
⻰ַֻһ˵˵ĶɾͲôˣףԼʧְΪҲҪʮӣ뵽Ƥʹ࣬˵ʱһɫһ¾ͱɷס
Һãַһ仰Ŵ˹ξˣȥԼӳ԰ɡ
⻰ɫǺһЩټȥæӦһ֮Ϳ뿪ˡ
ַ磬ֻصԡ֮˵Щ
˵ȶȥȨ󣬾һֱڱѧԺƽӣַҲûдκ;˵ʲôύΪʲôͻȻͱأ
ңһߣ˺ܾã
Ȼ˲ûѯʱȶ뿪˱ѧԺ೤ʱ䣬ַܾáҲᳬһʱ䡣
ΪѧԺĹ涨ѧԱԺڼ䣬⣬Уʱ䲻׼죬ߣȻ١֮ڡ
ϾеĹ廹ǲԸȥ޲λʥ򹫾
ֻǣַ벻ͨǣֻʲôȥȶأȶĿʲô
Ͼȶڳ˹һõ⣬ûһȨҲûм̳оλȨֻĸ廹ȥύأ
ַҲΪ¾ţǼ⣬벻ͨҲʱȥ룬һߵȴűѧԺĻţһ߽״̬
ַٴ˫۵ʱ򣬾Ѿʱ䣬ĳϴһ֮󣬴·ַ˸ڵĲ֮С
˵ҲɣŷĹȥŵǸ˾ʹһ˲֮ڡ
ˣλǱѧԺġϡ˵ıҪǿֻ࣬ǣһƨɵƼǿʹıȥٶЩϲС
ַ粢ûж࿴䣬ͰĿתߵϡ
һ磬ַ翴ԼǰӻͳһŹصݸַ磺ѩħǹˣǱȶż
ַһ⻰ûзϻӹż֮վӻһöУˡ
ɫĽӹңԼĻȻࣺæھͻȥ֪Ժˡ
ַû뿪ִӻһöңӸˣĲǽģȥɡ
һ£ǲԼĶһʱԼܵ˴磬ȻĪܵ˽ʱһɸӵĿֻŸС
Ƚӹңʵʵ֮ܳĸо͸ʢˣ
ַ֪ܲ˵˼ֻһһǵСֶΰˣַҲᵱ˵ֱ˻ԭأ˵һòô
һ⻰˲ŶʱӦŵҡ󡢴ˣȥˡ
˵ţңæ뿪
ַȥ֮󣬲Ųż


ʮ ȶϢ
һżַ֪ʼԱȶˣϸϸһַ֮ĬһֱӰճ˻ҽ
ȶϲûж˵ֻ΢һ˻ȥһһЩ飬ûϸ˵󣬾͸ַ֪׼ʱ磬м䣬Ҳʾ˵ȸʱٸַϸϸ˵һ¡
⿴ȶѾصѧԺַҲǷģֻǣȶἰġ顱ַ￩һ£
ѾĿڹϣȻٱȶȥһˣؼǣȶлἰȸʱһЩ顭һйһ¾ַµǲǺڰ׼ҪԼ
һٷַԵЩĲɣȳ˷Ըȥ˲ۡѰ֮󣬾ͻص˷ڼ
ֻǣѹͷַʱҲȫĵͶȥֳܷһЩʱ۲ΧΧǷһЩ쳣ĶºʱһЩɱ֡
ϾʱĸۡʵѾһտӣ󲿷ֵ˶Ѿɻ֣Ҳûİ֣ƾ˼ʵҪʱǰɱĻͲ֮ǰһһˡ
ֻҪֳһ㾫гķӦʱ㹻ˡ
Һãһֱʱ֣Ҳûгκε쳣ַһʹĳһ󣬴·߳˷䡣
һַҲǻ࣬Ȼż۷廹һκܳľ룬ȴһ̣ԿٶȣҲַһЩ
Žڵɫַһһ֫󣬱ͳǸȥ
ַɲûˣ뷨ֻǸͱҲֻ˱ȶԼһĺѱ;ۼһ顣
ԣַҲͰһȥܰķ
ֻǣеǣʱ򣬰бȶ˾Ȼȫڳˣ
˵Цģַ硰һһָָˣ󲽿˽ȥҲ̫ˣһȻҲȥ֪ͨһ
һ˵ȻͰ˵Ŀ˹ȥȻ˶ףԷһָָԼһֺܲòΪһַ磬ûаߣȶЦųַӭȥҲǸһȥ㷿أ
ҵķûаʳַȻҲȶһܱ֮󣬾͸Ķҵĸ磬Ļɣ
һ仰Ȼ⣬ȶƺûһЦݵȻƽӺʺҡ
ַһȶвЩ֣ѵȥıҪԼ
ַҲżȶȻаʾϸ˵Ҳһʱ
ʱͰҲӭѾжȥףЦַ磬ɫ֮ǰҲѾ࣬Ȼݣ٣Ѿʼ𽥺תˡ
һ۵һ𣬲ֺһŷ׷ַֻûϵȶôܵæŵȥ߳ӸϽϲˡ
ò˵ַ籾˵ĴߴͼӰûһĹ򣬸С˾ѾȰˣַҲ֪˶ҪһЩʱ䣬û˴ߴٳӣһߺźƣҲһ߸
˵ԴַڱѧԺҵ֮˵һξһȻַҵҲûãĳɾͿĿãַ֮⣬˲˺һ
໥򵥵̸һ½֮󣬷ʢҲѾ½
һ˭ûпԼһûκǵſӺ˺ΪһƬţ⣬˿ɶʹ˿ұ죬Զ׼ӵǿʵַЦŰƬţŽԼ
ƹѲ˹ζĵҲ죬ЦݵĿȶһֻɢĴļϣɻȶΪʲôһʱѧԺûҵ㣿
ַۿȶҪ˵ȥԭæһס˵ע󣬱æһơ
ЩַΪʲôʱͻȻϣͶȥ˲Ŀ⣬ɵ˿ַʱʱһΪǳʲô飬ֻбȶϳɻ֮⣬һ˿
Ȼĵַǳվŵ˻˻ȥվϷź󣬲ֻصԼλϡ
ɫɻĶԼַʱˣæЦûʲô飬̸ֻȥҲŰ˶֧ȥˡ
һ⻰ʱȻȶȻͬʱ˵ͷ򰢶˵ţַ˵Ĳ̸ȷȥ
ȶô˵ͰЩɻΪַʲôɿַһصűȶʱоͲɻ
ȶ˵֮̾˿Щ죺Ϊһֱڸ״ǰʱͷԸҲ߳ѧԺַĶʽҲûܸ
˵ʱ򣬱ȶԴǸ⣬ַֻ΢΢ЦЦʾް
ȶˣҲͼ˵ȥǰҹʱҼǵõʱѾ˯ԺˣǣͻȻ˻ȥҲû˵Ϊʲôһص˸ϣȴҲûмֻǱŵһ
ѵǸʲôַ̲סһ䣬΢΢һ
ȶȴƽҡҡͷֻǰǸϢҲЩ֣һôֻڸסһأȻһ磬ҾҸеǣﲻֹңȻʮһֵܽã
ôΪʲôͻȻǶһ𣿡ַ̲סһ䣬Ȼʹ޺׼֮⣬ȴԺŮûие̫ᷳ뵽ʱַ̲סʵ׼Ҳô
׼ͱ״ͻƽԭƹܼҵˡȶҡͷ˵ַ磬Ҫż㡣
šַӦһһѹסеĳ嶯˶䡣
ȶˣż˵ȥ״˵ɫܲÿҲֻ΢΢Ʋһۣûٶ˵ʲôˡ˵ҸֵܽһҲѯʣҾɨһȦڳ˸״˵ĳ֮⣬ʣڵ۶ֵܽãѾۼ
˵ȶһڳЩֵܽãȻϤĲ࣬Ҳ֪кܶȻڵ۶֮ǰҲ״ɵ˵۶ĸҵ︺ƹܣǶһվҾ֪ҲǱ״ҹٻˡ
Ƕ׸״⵽Ҫʲô״˵Ҳû˵κλһһͺ󣬾ͰǷֱĸϡ
˵ţȶɫȻͱѿ˺飬Ŀ˵ǳҵ󣬶ңҲΪֲˡ


ʮ ɬĳ
ȶôһ˵ԭ̫ȤİʱҲʼЩ
ַ磬ѾרĵűȶĽ
ʮ˹ڴ֮ǰ״˿ɴû˵ЩȻٶ֪һ㸸״ƺ͢йأ˭ûԼҲһ졣
ȶⷬǸԼ׼һʱ䣬˵䣬ͣһ£ɫøѿǣڸ״˵Ĵ֮£Ǳ˹ȻǴ˴ȥ
ʵϣʮһʼʱ򣬻ر˷ܣϾƽҲֻĴǹݣҲֻ֮ͣУְԱ£ƫһ
ܸŸײĵط߽һԶҲܵĵطǻһԽк˷ܵĸоңڴľͷر۵ĺ˹͢гϴ˺Ǿͱø˷ˣ
ȵĹԪأյۣͨУоһ־ΥˬУָо޷棬֮ر
ҿ״˸гһʲôûõĹ򣬸״˾ͺˡ̩ɯ֡
̩ɯͻȻüһ䣺ǵ۶Ϲŵ̩ɯ
ʶ𣿡ȶЩ⣺ҼǵǸĵ
Ҳʶֻǰʱ棬ңҾ˵ȥҹ㣬ĺܺóԡͷһתԭ治֪ȻǺŮ
ŶԭһΪ㰵ĶأȶɫЩĵ٩һ䣬ƺҪԾһա
ǣַɵҲЦˡ
û뵽ǣȻʼ磬͵ͷһԭһ׼׷أ
˵ţЩ㵵Ŀ⣬ֲһ䣺ôˣǲǸһҲӹˣ
ƺЩ棬ַ粻ˣҪȥԭˣɱ˼ŮӸһܶ
ȻᡣڨڨЦҲֻ룬㿴Ҫȥ׷󣬲Ҳ
һ䣬ʱַЦһԵҲѵһЦǣȶһЦݶûʱвһ㵵ȶѵڹ𣿡
һ⻰ַҲע⵽ȶı飬ϵЦһգ˱ȶ
Ŷȶı޴룬ɫҲøĬ˰죬һʼ磬ǿЦˣ׼ȷ˵ӦʬѾ˻ˡ
һ仰԰˵νǶ̩ɯδıûκθַ˿Ҳɵסˡ
ȶЩãȻģ̲סּһ䣬ԵøӣһҺͿ־壺ǸˣĪ
ʲô˼ַȻعصűȶҵĸ磬ڹ׶ʲô
ѾָƽϻԴᣬһԵ̾˿°ĺ󱳣ʾο
׷ʲôʵҲ˵ڸ״˰̩ɯйȥ֮ҾͿгȡһֵСƿ̩ɯͷſ죬ʹСƿеγһҺ塣
ȶŵͬʱɫٶȱѿǵҺǽɫģε̩ɯг˾̩ɯȥг˺͸״ͬʱʣµʮһԭ̫⵽ڸʲôɻûǷӳʱ򡭡
̩ɯ¶һ˿ʹɫȻǸеرʹһӽŤţûվһͻȻһĵڵأ󲻳ӵʱ䣬װǣ۾ǿлʺѪҺ
ļǵãһ̣˶סˣ˭벻Ȼᷢ飬ңĿ̩ɯѪȻǷڵġ
ȶɫѿ˵һΣҲ̲ס̾ϢȻҸ̩ɯûнӴǱϾãʧȥһ̣ҳ˶ԼδĿ־֮⣬ĺԽܣղŻ˵ЦһˣȻڼӵʱڣͱһ߹̵ʬ塣

һһ¾ڵճַڣȫһɻ̾Ϣ飬۵ףǶһ˿ʧ䡣
Ȼû̩ɯĽӴɵ֪һԼкøеŮѾȥʱ˵̸ģǹɿյʧУʵӿ
ַҲЩ꣬벻ҪԼǣôŮΪʲô
ַɲΪҪùгɱŮǡ
ʣַ˷еĳĬ硭ʲô㡭ôӹģ


ʮ ַ
ȶ̾Ϣһһ˿ʹࣺǶ̩ɯͻȻסˣ״˵ɫҲܲÿֻгһźҡҡͷ
űȶصĽҲڽ
ԭ̩ɯ֮󣬹гʾٽһġʵ顱̩ɯӰ죬һƽʱ̫ϲġơ
ƲɵӣҲ֪ƽʱϲԼΪǺȥһ⻰ǵûǰֱӵͷܣ
һܣǵȼʮеĿ־壬ͬȶڣȫڵһʱ˲ӣķȥ
һ̣ʮһ˵ﶼ˾֣ΨԼ̩ɯһʹȥ
ǣʮһȴڹǲŸûٲʱ򣬾ͳһʿסǵȥ·
ÿвʱ򣬶ἤǱܣȶʮһҲ⣬Щû֮⣬ˣŮͻı֣ʿڵأûҵʱ򣬻ɱһûüӦĹʿ
ǣʮһ˵ġݡʹ˽ΪҪӳȥʱ򣬹гˡ
ݱȶ䣬ʱгͻȻǵǰ棬Ȼֻһڣʮһȫһڻ˹ȥ
ʮһʱ򣬾ͷȫһû컨СֻаĹߴǿʮһ˿Է
һʮһȻЩãȻѾ侲࣬Ҫôӳȥʱ򣬹гͺٶȳˡ
ֻǣһΣηڹгʵʮһ鲻ԽĺһΣгûʹñúԸʮһ˽͵Ƿʲô
ҲʹӺУʮһ˽⵽ԭѾһˡ
󣬺̩ͣɯֻһ⣬ʮһ˵ҲҪɱʮһˣҪΪʮһ˼˼崫ĹѪң׵ݱ֤Թġ
Ȼʮһ˶ûźĻǱѡֻܼѪļ
ǣ˳Ʊ˹гǰ
ƵʱֱңȶƵпԹޣƱѡ񣬱űľĺ˹гǸСƿγĽɫҺ塣
ǡ漣ڴ˷ˣ
Ʊ۾׼ٵʱͻȻһɫĹȦȶļǵãʱһϲԱߵĹгҲæ֪ͳһɢŰɫâԲһ¾ͰԲƵĶͷ
ţһ۾һԼȱԭء
󣬹гͳЦЦļ򣬵ɹˣ
ţƷӦʱ򣬾ʾקһԡ
ƺǱȶһãһɹѪ
˶ɹʣµľŸĴ
ɵ˵˵ʱٴηˣǱȶֻоĵܵܣںһνɫҺ֮󣬲ûһȫɢɫĹȦҲû̩ɯһѪ
ûκηӦ
ûк½ɫҺ֮ǰһ
һ£ʣµİ˸˲Щ㵣ҲЩ㵡
гĬƬ̺ͽͣ˵ȶܵûԶѪġ
ǵĺţгСƿеγһҺȥ
ȻҲȶĵܵһûκηӦ
һ£ɫɲ̫ÿˣȶܵܵȶܻܵԣ֪ڻǲĸ׸Ұ֣
гȻҲЩ֣Ϊúģͣ˼Ѫľһӵȥҹ̻ˡ
ʱѾȥһСʱʱ䣬ǴһúĵĺϢ
ݹ̻˵еöᴫ¹ϵѪԣȶĵܵûκηӦҲķΧⲢܴǺĶӣֻܴûм̳¹ϵѪ
ش𣬺ɫǺÿһЩ
ʣµİ˸ҲʼѪļ
˸Уȶŵ˵λãڱȶ֮ǰĺ½ɫҺˣȫѪˣ˱ȶܴѹ
ļǵãʱޱȳأٺ½ɫҺ֮ǰˡ¡ҪǲˣǾͰкһҪչ˺ĸס
ԱȶҲЩһЩ飬Ͼǰѱȶֻ̳ΪַͻȻ֣˱ȶȨҪΪһ㣬ԱȶǺġ
ԣûоܾȶҪҲûʹӦ
󣬱ȶͺһνɫҺ壬һ̳һζֻǣȥʱָо㽥ŵʱԼѪҺҪʱ򡭡
ǹ˳źȥȸгʧȶҲûɫĹȦڳ˶֪ȶҲǸܵһڲûԶѪ
ȶȴû˸еϧеһңܾãǱѪҲһʲô¡
ȻʣµУɹѪʣµһƽ
ڹгķԸ£ĸѪ˱ȶûм̳ԶѪ򱻡š˹
ҳʱ򣬲ŷԭѾ˵ڶ磬״˽Ҳ˳˵ܵܺãԸһرѧԺʰһ£һظۡȥס
ȶͷ³һ̾һθ״һʧŮĸѪҲ˹ҾһȥΪȱ˰ɡ
˵ţȶ̧ͷַ磺һصѧԺʱ򣬲ŷš
˵ȶѾϣͰѾסˣ˸벻Ȼᷢ飬ǶԱȶһ˽⣬֪ȶͲм˵ѣɲʲôԶѪ֮Ļ
ַ˵ľȣĵ׿Ҫ𺳵Ķˡ
ʱŰȥڰӺڰ̻ʿе֪ˡħ塱켣֮е壬һȶԶѪʣҲ֪Լǲ̫ˣȻȻľ뵽塣
ڰ̻˵ħ಻ò忡ӵǿıΣͷܱ൱ʵ
ôأ
ԭַΪԼ޹أںڰʱ̫ŵԵʣҲûпѯʺڰ̻ʡ
ڣȶôַ粻ɵÿʼԼϾҲǺĶӣҲ˼Ѫ
һַ̣绹뵽ԼһֱǿĻָͿ
һ뵽˴ַо̲סһɺ֮ĳ嶯
ѵԼͲ࣬ô
뵽һ㣬ַҲѹƲסеȣͻȻκ׵ʵ硭ûע⣬ĸɹԶѪĸ֮ͨ䣬ʲô𣿡


ʮ ɫѪҺ
ַ˻һڣʱסͰĿ⣬˿ɶַ֪ʵҲǿɭĶӡ
ַԭһĬͻȻһصĿڣѻеıȶһʶַѯԭ
ŶҵȷעˣϾҲԶѪܺ档ȶǷӦ˹Ť²ӣԴǸʱĸѾҸûлӴǣҲֻڴӹ֮ѯһ¸״ˡ
ô˵ַ粻ס˺оԼƺҪˣ
ͰҲԵȲ
ˣȶҪɶˣ΢һ£ƺԵЩ⣬˰죬Űʰ˵һ仰״˵ĸѪʲôɳڼ䣬ƽˣӵиǿĻָ
Ȼ仰˵ģ壬ַУȴһʯͷҽĵף
Ȼˣ
ֻǣַֺȻ뵽ڰ̻˵ħ屻Ѫ֮ѪҺɫģңַҲڳۿˡ
ôأѪҺֻʲôɫȶеԶѪľָô
һ뵽ַûκԥʵôûע⵽ĸѪҺûʲô仯
ž
ַ绰Ÿ£ȶһƾĶͷϣǱַ仰ѵˣæ˵㲻˵һˣʱҺļǵãƿǵԼѪҺ̩ɯڣѪɹ֮󣬻רҧָѪҺǲǲʲô仯ҧƻãһҧԼһ
ôˣͻȻһ䣬ԱߵҲڴ
ʱ򣬱ȶҲ̲סһĴȣͷ֣ѪҺѾгСƿеǸҺһ˽ɫģң˶ԡ֮󣬵뿪ʱ򣬻֣гҪĸȫҧһָǸСƿμǵѪҺ
˼ǣǸСƿĽɫҺ屾ѪҺһ䡣
ȶЩԥҡҡͷҲСƿıѪҺɡ
ιιĸʲôôɽɫѪҺ̩ɯҲ£˵仰ʱ򣬻ѰԮһ˵Ӧò˰ɡ
һ£ԭЩնʱͱ˵̸ȴַԽԽԶ
ַԭΪԼǿĻָѾҵĴ𰸣ȴ룬ڣȻһͷˮ
ȶ˵ĸѪӵгǿĻָĿǰ״̬Ǻϡ
ɹؼǣɶûȥʲôѪΪҪǣѪҺһֱʺɫģͨһ
Ҫ˵ĻԼʲô
뵽ַ̧ͷȶ硭ɹѪĸ֮ǰйӴô
Ӵȶһ㶣ûϵַͻȻдһʣӦ֮󣬱㵱ص֮ǰҽӴһЩ˵ǴûнӴһر˽״˶̫ϲҲûʲôøС
ôûע⵽ڱѪ֮ǰûڳ˵ĻַָͻȻȲһڴϡ
ȶԴ˵û⣬΢һЩ˼ַ磬Ǹʵһû׳ǿָǸʲô˼
ţǡַһ£磬ƣ˿ǲǱƽ˻ָҪܶࣿ
һַľȶʱȻͷ˼˺һ̧ͷһ߻һߵҼǵһΣƽԭʱΪûǮҪʱ״˶ĿܵĺϣȻǲϸȻ߳ŭ֮¾ͳһذҪ̽ҵؿڡ
˵ţȶиһ˿ЦǣѧղͲҵĶ֣Ұذ׸˹ǣҲѵһ£ֱϻһ˿ڣҼǵãǵ˿ڿһڵʱ䡭ţһڣҲǲˡܱ֤֮ڱѪ֮ǰûκڳ˵ĳǿָ
ȶַͣ粻ɵЩʧ̾˿ûпڼ˵ʲô
ȶһʱҲַ֪Ϊʲô⣬Ϊֻǵĺ棬Ҳû룬̧ͷ⿴һɫվ̾Ϣˣʱ䲻ˣڱûȥˣȻ״˿»ˡ
Ҫغȥסַ类ȶ仰һվһԵͰҲһͬվ
ȶ˵ͷǰҵѾʰȥˡšˣ˵ˣھ͸ϽȥˣҪø״֪ҹҵƤ
˵ţȶеƤɵһͷַ˵ļ󣬾תȥҲ죬ߵҲ졣
ַȻЩᣬҲ֪޷ǿͱȶ뿪˸ۡıӰʧҹɫµȺк󣬲ֻص˸֮ۡС
ȶһߣҲû˼ȥ飬һַ׼Ṳ̋ϼԭԣһȥַ͸ɴ˶ص˸Եķ䡣
ַصԼķ׼ʼʱȴôҲ޷״̬ΪѪԭţΪܾñȶôȥƺЩȫ
ϾԼֵòɿ˵Լĸۡ棬вߣ
һ뵽ַбӲɴһ£㿪˳ȥ뿪˸ۡۡķȥ


ڰʮ 
ȻҹɫѺڣûеʱԣ۶ĽֵϻвˣʱʱĿһ̶ӵһʱ̣̻ķȥ
ȥۡ·ϣַܿ׷˶ߵıȶַֻ粢ûǰȶһľ룬зſ˾̽ܵĵûпԱ
߹һ·ϣϽҲ
Ϊ˱ɣַһþǰıȶҲһ߽һͬȶ·ߡ
˺һĹ򣬱ȶ˺ۡǰ
ſڵһǱȶ΢΢һ֮󣬱͸ÿһ·
ȿűȶӰʧҹɫУַ΢һ£һ·ȥܵһû˵ĵطַſ˾ȷΧû˺󣬲Сķ˺Χǽ˽ȥ
֮ǰΣַҲǶԺĵ΢ϤһķΧ㷢ƺһ񷿣ڷ֮󣬾ͳźпܳΪ鷿ĵصȥ
ǣûͻȻĹ䴦ͻȻһȺƤѥ̤ص
нĲַ֪һһѲߵҲû룬æһ·ߵĲ񷿶ϣҲ˶˵һսǴ
ȥҲһ˿Ȼ˿Сɻù䴦ˣһӿ˽µĲܵ˲Ĺ۲ܡ
ڲ񷿶ϵַѾչ˾һ߹۲ЩѲĶһ׼ʱܣԾķ֣Լֵ÷һۡЩȻ˾ԡ
һаˣϸӣûзκο֮󣬲Ż뿪
񷿶ϵַ磬֮ڣΪ˸Ѳ任˺üλã
˸ȥַ֮һɵԼؿڣֻоɱǰ˸Ҫѵöˡ
һΣַûɱˣֻٱȶģȷȶȫʹȥ
ϾʱĲǾѵʱһѺƼˣҪɳһЩżɱֵĻַɲȷԼһϴһ˶
ԣڶһַ֮ԵøСģÿһҪþȷΧ᲻ѲڣȻķѾܴ󣬿Ϊ˰ȫǣַҲ͹˲ôˡ
ֻǣַСģһ·ϣǲαѲߵ֣Һãַ˺ԭ鷿Ǹλá
Ҫ˵ǣַ˺ۡ󣬾Ѿջɢľ⵹Ϊ̫󣬶ǵĻᱻ˲Լ
Ͼɲұ֤ھһûи֣
鷿ǰַ㷢ָԼԤϵһ鷿Ѿķϣַľ飬ǳϰߵԭ򣬾µ鷿Ҳ϶鷿̫Զ
ȻûĹҵµ鷿ȴϣ鷿ûκεƹ⣬Ҳûκ졣
ַ粻ɵЩɻַһۺ㿿鷿ûע⵽ԼַĵذѷŴһ϶
ȥһƬַ綨˶񣬷ֳһ˿Сĵس̽ȥ
濴һһûˣ
ѵȶѾɹصķô
Ȼô룬ûмȶˣַɲаи
ʣֺò˺ۡ˯ΧСķֳÿ̽ȥ
һƬΧڣԼˣӦǱȶƽӹ߳һؼǣַһȦûзֱȶ
·Ϻķѵʱ㣬ȶӦͻص˷ַȴûзֱȶˣҲûзֺˣǾֻ˵һ⡭
ԼĵѾˣ
һ뵽ַ粻ٵ飬һ߼СĵضѲһ߳Ϊȶͺпֵܳĵط԰ȥ
סźŮˣȻûƬ˯鷿Ǿͺܿ˯
ں԰ҲͱȶĻַ治֪ȥˣ
ǣһַ羡̵ʱ˺԰
һ԰ַȻһŷ䶼ŵƹ⣬Ҳŵĵƹ⣬ڵһЩӰӳ˳
ҲҺǺŮסĵطȻ˲ѲΨ壬ٻѲӰŮǵϢ
ҲˣַվڲͬĽǶÿӳӰӿȥ
ڿܶŮױӰӺַ㷢һվӰӣӰӵӰӦöˣ
һ㣬ַȲĳȥַ֮ܽȻ˺洫
ַûԥһʹյǽϣǽڣַ洫
ʵʵһж˵Ұɲ˵Щϻģ
ŭַһһ¾ͷֱǺ
ţһ𣺡״ˣ˵ʲôĸմӱѧԺɭΪ֤ѧԺſڵֿͬҲΪ֤
лһΣַѰ˺ܾõıȶ
ͱȶȻѾ˵˺һ󣬲һַһţշµģȴٶ
ߣЦһЦлԵĲмףɭԼˣֿǸһҲ˵ʵٸһλᣬҪǻ˵ɱĺ
仰ȻѾû˶ģַ粻ɵЩȶ
ǣŸ£ȶٶȿˣɿ϶һɶײ˼״ˣ˵һжģڱѧԺԺ˰ѧ֮󣬾͸ѧԺĺһһΪҾٰһͱ磬ҵϲŻоζΪʲôܲҵĻͬĶӣΪʲôǻң
ַλʱ򣬾͸оЩ̫һСĵع۲ܣһƵ˷ŴӳӰӣ׼һõĻ취ע⣬ȶһѡ
ʱ͸ӳӰӿͱȶվţַֻ緢֣ȶ֮ľѾԽԽСң˫ǰӱűȶȥѹȸС
Ȼһ⻰ʱʹŭȶ治֪ôģҸôᣬȻӲŲ˵ʵ
״ˣ˵ȫʵȶͻȻһڴϣԽԽ塣
һǼѾ˱ȶӣΪҲ֪ȥַôΪҾͲôΪǵֶξôΪҿɭǴô
һ䣬ĺѾ˼㣬ԱŮ˶һ
ַ絣ĺлԶѲæϽ¹۲һ£ȷûѲע⵽ߣְĿŻص˷ϡ
ȶȻĻסˣվԭأһʱ䲻֪λش
˱ȶӺһ£һַܿǻΪԵʶ𣬽ţ˵ȶڸѡһ˵еʵ飬ʵ


ڰʮһ ѡ
˵֣Եóޱȣַ綼Ȼ˼ľģ͸˵ıȶˡ
ַ翴ӳıȶӰӺԵĲһ£һ̣ȶĽҲЩ鸡һȣһ
ߣһ漴תҪλȥ
ַʱҲûеףѷ⣬ɻûü˼ʲôʱͻȻ󷿼Ĵš֨ѽһ죡
һַжʱ󾪣ڵ󱳿ɶ¶ںķУ͹˲æ֮ļзȥǽڣס˺
ַӺдһϸĽŲһŮżС
ԼԭԽַпνޱȽţ¶ģ˷ԼĻǾͰɱע⣬ٳ֮ʰѱȶߣ
ŵĹ򣬹ȻһŮַУŮ˴һ˯ۣ첻ϵϴżµĲԵЩæһеģͱȶǸȥ
·֮ǽʱûע⵽ַ磬ֻһߵ˺ͱȶķǰ
ɽֻһ˲䣬ַһΪŮ˵ʱʱʶŮ˾Բɱ
ΪϵãǱȶĸף
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𣬱ȶĸ׵ԴżҲԴ֣̿ˣôˣ
ûк˵ݣԲֱƺıȻҲҪþзеַҲȻѯʵǺʵϣĵֻǷеıȶ
һڣڵĺͱȶĬƬַ̣뵽Դ㵵飬ţַ˺ƽɯأصԼķȥû飡
󣬱ȶǲһæһ䣺ĸףȥɣڽһЩûġ
ַȶ仰жôĿɬĿɯһƬ̣ЩįĴǣͻȥ
£һ鲽Ҳ֪ɯ⻹⣬ߵ֮ļз촦ʱͣһεҡҡͷ̾һ󣬲ųԼķȥ
ַŵ󣬲СƵ˺ͱȶڵǸǰֻǣַҲȷڸղŵʱ򣬱ȶĸ׵ûзԼ
ʱַȻѾ˲ôˣΪִ˺ȶӦ֪ѡ񣬿£ңԸɯʹģɣ
ǣף˵ĲȶûԥžͿˣַ粻֪ǲΪۣȴӱȶһ˿ģҲһ˿Գ
ңһ̣ӳıȶӰƺӺĿһ΢΢Դ
ߡߴŲмתȥϣӺһˮļ˵ǾͿһжİɣңַǲ֪ģҲκεķʽҵĶӣԶѣֻҪõһЩϢ
˵ţ˲豭̧ͷűȶңʵһж˵ҾͻɵߣšԶ˵ǴҵӳģҲԶ˵ǴҸۡ͵͵ܳģֻ֮ҪͿˡ
ֻҪڰһжгԺͿԶߣԸκλ⣬ֻÿһʱ䣬Ҫڵ֪ͨңҵ˼ô
˼ǰɵַԵ𣿡ȶͻȻƽҲӦĻʲôأ
ֻûκԥ˵仰ţֲҿɲһһ˰ƹܼҵһ˵ˡǱߣȻҵĶҲСȻʹǣۿҵĶӱң̻壬ԣܰ磬Ҳͬջ
λ˵쳣ᶨַڶУиеޱȵѹ֣˵յȶ¶ʵ顱˵ԼЩ顣
ңȶ·νǳջ˵ôԺܸõȥ˵ںԼ֮󣬱ȶܳΪƹܼҵļ̳ߣǺȶһĿ顣
Ҫǲ˵Ļôֻ·һ
˭Ҳܷ·ַѾ񺰣˵˵
Ͼȶۣûκƺֻ߼˵顣
ȶ˵ַҲûʲôʧңȶȫԺǱԼߵʱٸԼ㱨һЩϢƺ
һڱȶ߼ڱȶԼ֮Ҳһ԰ɱ˺Ƥ
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ֻǣַҲܱ֤ʵǷĿԼеϾȶĸ׻ںȶ˿¶ʵ飬һԺĻȻñȶĸ׵ҪЮֶΣ
ңַҲϣȶԼ¾ǼٵģַҲúܲϾַҲһѪеͨˡ
ԣڴ˿̣飬һűȶڡ


ڰʮ ҪЮ
˿̣ӳıȶӰԴ͡
ȶҲû뵽ô˵鲻Խս˫ȭȭͷյžֱ졣
еĺŲˮҲżһ쳣ѵľ
ַɨһַܺĵĽ߷˴ӳӰϣʶŵɬ촽ס˺
ʱƺֻʣԶƤѥ֪䴦ĳԼںȲ
״ˣѡ֮ǰһôȶͻȻ׵ĿˣֻǣƽƽǷڵĺǷַ磬Ѳһ˿
ţȻҲЩ⣬̧ͷűȶĬƬ̣ŵ˵ͷʰɡ
״ˣĺ֪еŮǲǶֻǹߣȶһĺζǲǾǸͲǲǾûκ˼룿ǲһֱã˵ʲôǾͱ
ˣͻȻһڴϣ֮βסŭһ̣ƺȶеĺһһеȶȥƽȶҪ֪ҲֻһλףǼ峤۹λϣҲֻվڸ׵ĽǶϿ⣬ҪΪ濼ǡ
ԣͰĶŮǵôȶһľ룺ԣȲŮͰǴ˹ôǵĹߣǵûֵܽõôģ
ȶҪףڹ֮ңҪʱΪ˼ľ򣡡ƺѾͲסеŭ
ɱȶȴԵøӼʹҲΪƽʱҸ͸ܲһļҵůܲһڸ׵ĹذҸܵģֻи׵Įͻеʽָӣֵֻܽõ໥ᣡұȨʱҲûдκΰοĻͶûУ
˵ţȶ̧ͷźƽһЩԣƾʲôҪ򣿡
űȶһԴǼҵĻҲ֪ʲôַֻܴӳӰϿһվԭأûκζ
ƽֵͳȴǴ˳ô˵ѡ·ô
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ַǵʱ򣬱ȶٶȿˣֻһȻȻ״ˣֵַܣܴĻиܵůұҲԸԺβĹһȥԸԺĵǴ뵣֮Уÿ˶һ죬ֻҪһЩԡɱҰɣ
˵ţ͸߸ߵͷѲӵλúı¶˶
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һַ̣ôɴɱˣԼĶӶȥвַ粻֪ܰʲôɵ
ֻǣ嶯մӿıȶͿˣһΣȶȴûַеЭмĺһɫҰҵĸףɲвңʲôҲ֪ˣĥҲ֪
仰ȶ˵ĺӲȻȥԵúܲТַףȶĲТֻԸܺвȵһ̬ȡ
Ȼһ⻰ʱһ䣬ҲûκҪЮķϻãҾͳȫ㣡
˵ţͻȻƣȶľȥ
һַ̣ͻȻܵ˶ǿռĸовһǲκ֮ôʲôʱǿѾռˣ
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ء
ľʵķַżĴݲ飬ľмʱɢɽ
ԭľһֱڱȶϣȴԼķͻȻըѣžͿһӰ˽ȶȥ
Ƭ֮ʱʵ̫ˣȶ֮ľҲ̫ˣȻַŶ⣬ɺֵѾ˱ȶĲϡ


ڰʮ Ϯ
ַһͷԼˣ
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ƵļãûжԱȶκ˺ȴһ¾Ͱ˹ȥ
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Ҳûڵһʱץסȶһ赹ȥıȶַĻ
һַ̣Ƿģɺ˵ĺһַòʱ㵵ɫһ䣬ǷŭɷŭѾЩ̬Ťַ磡
ַ֣֮ԹַڳҲ˳ȥ˵ҲûκοӿռָͳӲһͳӻȥ
ۡ
һƵҲ֪ûзӦǱŭͷԣȻûö壬һ¾ͱӲ˳ȥ
ء
ӲǿľֱӰѺǽϣһ졣
νɫҺ壬ǴӺǻ䡣
ַۿǽϵĺĵҲɵЩԾԭֻҪԺʵȴû뵽Ȼûö塣
ͬʱвɣǿһʵȴûκսľԼɣ
һڵϵĽɫҺ壬ɵַ뵽Ѫ顣
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ڳʱַ翴ֵϵİɫȥһû˿֣ϾսʿҲݲð
ؼǣȻؽ޷棬һַżн׵ʵȥûұԴҲһǰҽȥ
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Ǳȶĸ׵Ǹ䣬ھһ̣ԭżĿɯضʱͺԥĳ˳
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˶ûע⣬ַȴףļȿ־֮µʱܻҪһţԴ١ȥ
ⲢǶô˵£ֻԿ־ʱıܷӦ
ңַҲ׽˺һľ֣
ȻЩֺΪʲôԼ־壬˿̿ݲ룬Ȼ־ԼȻ׷Źᡭ
ַֻЩǣȻ˵ǰ顣
뵽ҲûбҪַҲϣʱһмǰ㻹˼˵ôҪϾɱҲͲнıӦ
ݱҧĿ졣
ŶҵȷҪл㡣ַŤŤӣҪǵұƽǸСҿҲнĳɾ͡
ʲôͻȻʧɫɫȻ˵㵱ǸСˣ
ߣַ粻ϼ˵ȥ΢΢˫ۣתƻղһ£ȶģ룬һΪôһ׸е޳ܣ
ַ˵ŵĹԼٶȳճ˵ڶһ߳ȥһߵһ£ȶĸ׳ġ
ء
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ַֻ緢֣һκķӦһǿˣȻûзסԼĹջغӲһ̣Ҳ˲¶˻
ңַһĺмɣֱӾͰѺ鵽ǽмĽٸȥǣκγȥĻᡣ
ͬʱԶûܹʱ򣬵һԱ߷Ŀɯؿǰ龰ʱʹסˣҲ֪֮ǰûзֲڼзеַ磬ʱ벻õĺȻǱһ˽
룬һΪ޸֮Ůвɷе裡ַ˵˺仰ͬʱ۽ǵҲƼվԭز֪Ŀɯأһ΢΢˵ɯŮʿõģȶֻǻ˹ȥڣǰ߼ߵƿصķΧΪ޷ȥˣһͱȶһߡ
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شַһ㶣ĵ˲両һ޷Ĵ㵸С
ⲻǵ͵Ĺҧʶô
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ַ翴ǷŵģʱȶĸײԼĻǾǰѱȶˣȶѹ֮ҲһŷأֻаѱȶĸŮȫŻ˱ȶĺ֮ǡ
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Ȼ̧ͷԹĿַ磬ɻʱʱؽӲַһγ
ңһҲѧˣַΣڳһЩԣɫĶѾסȫ£κһ˿ַ硣
ַҲĺͻȻķɲ֪ΪѾʥ򣬱Ͼû˻Լ˰ٰã΢ؤڱ赽һݶϣҲȼȫάΪϡ
һõĵ۹
ԣַûټȥڿɯܵƿصķΧ֮˲Ӳճֻæ§סɯصʣȫȥ


ڰʮ һȫʬ
ַ粢İѱȫ¶ںǰʱ͵ϮԼűȶĸܵĿȫǵĴǰһӣӿռָȡһźܾ֮ǰ߼ΧԻϵħᣬͷҲصس˹ȥ
ͬʱҲٶ§סɯصʣȫ汼ȥ
ӳȥħһأֻءһ߼ϵħһ¾ͱը˲ͽΧһпȼȼ
ַ粢߼ħԺʲô˺ȫڰ˼嶷֮еĺı߼ϵħը˵ĻǲһЦ
һַͿԶѲѾӽЩ˵϶Żɫַ˵ֵһᣬǣԶȫŰɫӰԼٶȳ߳
ôԶľ֮£ַ޷ȷ˵ǰ˼Ǿż˼սʿڴűȶĸˣ¶ԸҲס
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ʱ߼ϵħıըը˺Ǹ䣬ԱߵҲܵ˲ǣţྪʧŮ˼и˯۵ŮѾŵشӷ˳
ԶӰһ¾ҹɫбɫַܵ硣
һһ磬ȥ׷Ͻȥˡ
ţȥɣֻɢӦһƺҲǶôĺ
˶ǴսʿЩͨǵٶȿҪˣ˵䣬˱һ·ֿ·߲䣬ַ׷ȥ
ַ籾ڿνпԣ˿ûпе֣һ·ȴʱһЩͨЩ˵Ȼʲôַûп֣ۿΧΪ˲˵ȶĸӣֻͣ½ŲЩ߷
˵ЩǸ˲ȴǳɹӻܵٶȣ
еıȶɻԣɯҲַܲ缫ٶȶеЩʣʱʱǰʱп³
ȻɯѾӽʮ꣬⼸Żļãַ§ŵʣûһ˿׸⣬Ͽɯֻһ˯ַۣľ͸дֱ
ַλĸûκεͷҲоܲæгʵɯŮʿ𣿡
ҡҡáɯȻǹǿǿ˵һ䣺Ҿȶ˵˵õѡ
ǵġַһ߷һĳѺĲһƷַҲƹȥܣ˳˵Ҿͳ׷İɡ
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仰ַв֪ǸЦǸÿˣŵ˵ɯص仰һӡ󣬿ڻûӳȥɯؾȻͿʼġˡַҲȷ仰û⡣
ԣַɴѡûлشڽһ֮󣬾ٴȫٳۡȥ
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ҲͬʱǸŨɫӰѾ˳ǰȴûżַ磬ȥһ˫ִڽϣҲżһۿɯأŰĿַϣȿַϵͼʱɵЩѩħǹ
˵仰ʱַҲѾѱȶӵϱһۺ׷ǣŰĿӰϡ
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ͫһ㲻׸ղŵؽΪʲôͻȻһѷǣʱֻöһը𡭡
ꡪ
˲䣬ֻĳһӱụ̀ԼһҲĪĳԵĸо
ۿŶԷǰ׵ĽԼĳϣ˲Լǰֻͷһ£ţ͸оԼľ̡
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һը״ĻǺκͰԴ
Ƭ̼סѪ⣬˲䣬תΪףôľ֮£ַͲȥױĶƾɢĺ䣬ڻδðʱ̣ͳ׽Ϩ
ţѳ룬̵Щεĳ硱һأʬҲͨһڵϡ
ձסԴͲֿԴһԡ
û͵Ϯҵķϣȫʬַ仰󣬾罣ץűȶɯȥ
һԵĿɯƺѾɵˣĳѾַϣȴôҲ벻ףΪʲôֻըָоһַ粻ˣȴһʬ塣
ˣ߰ɣȻ»и׷ַ翴סĿɯأ仰Ҳȥûȥһǰӵ׷һץסɯصӣͼۡȥ
û뵽ǣץסɯصһ̣Ȼһ̱ȶ󳾣˹ȥ


ڰʮ 
һߣ渲ǵķУѾͣӣڻҫ£һͷ췢Եø죬ϵɢȴ֮γĶԱȡ
ŴһԷڲֻܳŮˣ۵һ˿мץסһ߾ͨȥЩǶɢ
˵꣬ͨӦ³һѽƵһߣתȫȼյĻ֮С
ж壬ڳڵʱ򣬻ǸоΧޱȣ˲ô࣬ɨһûзֺӰӣ̲סһ䣺ˣ
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ֱķûκԥǰһκܵ˽ͿڵϣƺǲûˣϵɫҲΪ򶨡
ûŻԺҲûκˡ
ȻĶͲû£һɣҲ˲̫࣬һѽӱ𣬴ǸˣǸҪȥСһ㡣
ڱסӵһ̣Բ壬ûж룬ֻǺΪ־£ȻҲ˵һ̲ɫҺ壬ȴûѪҺϵ֮󣬷ֱһΪȫ·ߣһҧȫȥ
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һʱоһˬ棬Сĵط»еĺ㳯һԻɢŮ˵Ǵ󺰵쵰ѵǲ֪ȻҪ𣿡
˵䣬һˣѾȥ׷ɱ̿ˣܿܰѴ̿͸׽
ɳϣش󣬾Ȼ̾˿⣬Ѿһʬˡ
ʲôûһһ£ŵʧЦôܣǿЦˡǡӶšɫսʿ֮һʵҲѾﵽ˾ż۷壬ٲУҲôͱɱңҿǴ̿ͻˡ
ˣ˵ˡͻȻִϣѾûˣȥЩ׷ɱлɣǶصԼĸλȥûҵ˭Ҳ뿪λһ
ˣǿЦɣɫһ䣬üͷ壺ѵ׷ɱ̿ô
ϻ˵ȥɫ
ͫһ۵һ˿Թһʿ񣬵ˡ
˵䣬ȺȻһתʧķ׷ȥ
һ·ϣպķԸԸȥֻ֮ǴһɲȥԵЩӲ
ǣŸܳ԰ûãͻȻǰһȺĴӵ£һС߸ӵм䣬̧һͷʬ壬һԻһһͷ­
ڹ̫ûпϵʬ磬ΪѾɱ˴̿ͣϲһ˿Ц˰ݵǹ̫ˡ
һ˵ţҲһ˳ӭȥǻûĹʶȺûˣҲû֮ǰ̿ͽٳֵʣңһȺϿɶûʤϲãԵúܳأ
ʶ㣬еһϵЦݶʱʧæ첽ӭȥ
ӭǰһ۾ͷֱʬĴԼһٿһŵͷ­һһ¾ͳȥ
ǼĬһۺ󣬾ͣʬķ˵ϣÿһ·
ǲԼ۾һĿ˰죬һ˵ʬϣסʬļ򣬽ϵ˺ۣɫüΪӡ
ûƬ̣͸ϽԴһ׺󣬱ַͷ­򾱼˿ڴȥ
λãǱ۹Ѿε˿ڣԵͰ͵ģǣЩͰ͵ļз֮䣬һЩ΢Сľ״
ʶֳз̽ȥоָһָݵǰʱͷָ֡ϣƺһǰûڻ

ַѾ˳ܳ˺ۡ˿̣ĸӶѾ˹ȥΪܸ㣬ַɴͰ˷ֱԼҸ£ĽֵϿ񱼡
ҺôʱѾ˽ʱ䣬ֵϳһЩѲʿ⣬Ѿ˱ӰַȫŰɫҸ»ֱŻԵһһŮѱ˻뵽ʲô
ҲҺã۶Ѳ߾ֻһ裬ȻŵĴСǴ֣Ҳû˸ҳ
һ·ϣַûʱͷȡһһ룬ٳԼۡȥ
ܿ죬ͻصԼĸۡĿɿڴ֮£ٵĳ˸֮ۡУҲ»ıȶĸӣûͣ٣ϵķ䣬Ȼ󣬴³һ߿ķš


ڰʮ ıս
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Ȼû˯ʵһ¾ͱĴӴϷ𣬸ȥߵ彣ͷֳӰƺЩϤ
彣ȥֻһ٣һԵħϣڵƹһɵסˡ
ַ֡磿ǡۿַ糯Լܹһ䣬ſַ绳ıȶʱɫһ䣬Ŀڵȶôˣ
ˣ֮Ҳźѱȶĸ˹ݺݵس⡣ַ»ĸӣ̾˿ԣò˶ãҵĸۡ¾ͻᱻذΧˡ
ǡô죿һʱЩţɫһ࣬ҪӴϾȥ֯֡
ˡַͻȻһڴϣǸòŸǷͻȻȶĸѾ֣ǾͲȥˡ
ȥһ㶣ԡ
ַ˵ͷһ´⣺ӦûһЩʱ䡣
˵ţŤͷߣĵؼ˵ȥ

ۡһ΢խСûκεƹķ
ˣĲףΪʲôɱΪһŭһ£ζԣĺġ
û֪꣬ڵʲôܲ˽⣬ˣƽ޹ʵĳһƽȣĵȰ˵
һ⻰ʱѹ֮Դɺˣһλ˺ͶӶԷˣһأ
ʬҲˣΪʲôһһż۷ǿߵԴûлش⣬Ƿһ䡣
һ⻰һ£ȻԸϣʵصʥǿ֮⣬ĺ뵽ˡ
Ÿʥǿ߶ԾôΪʥǿߵֵ߼У壬Ҳûκ˼ڵ˵⣬ۿ𣬱̾һֻѡͣԺлٱ𡣡
ǣϵĶǰɫģңҪʥǿߣΪʲôֱԦշУһĻϵض˵ɶûá޷źĻ̲סٴη˵Ѿﵽʥĺš
أûмȰ˵ѯĹ۵㡣
һֱ͵ź仰Ļ£Ϊֻһǿҿ˿ڣһۿȥƽһ֪һµģϸϸȥȴܷ˿ڴͲƽкܶϸС壬Ǳ̹һң۶ϵ彣ҲѾƱΡ
ǣ˿ڴһһЩܾܿЩס˿ڣֻǣһǲΪʲôô
˽⣬ħ˫ޣʱڵǸĻ𣬾֮ǰŵġһ䡣
ħ˫ޣħ˫޵ĻҲֻⲫʱͷħҪǱħɱĻѾ˿ڣɵġ
ǿҷң˲Ӵ˿֮⣬κβλûܵκˣ˵ͲǱħɱġʵң˿ڴȻҲħĺۼһʵ벻ͨˣ
Ǵ˵ʧѾõħʿɡԴ̾Ϣҡҡͷ
һ⻰ʱʧôܣħʿʿЭṹһûħʿʮʷҲû˼ħʿ
ҲȷԵúܸӣֻǣȷΨһһ־ɭǸСƽ߳ˡ
ǡǸСǴ㵣˵ǸСûһЩ
治Ҳȷ߳󣬾ͱøǰһˡ˵Դ̲ס̾Ϣ̻ʱºг˵Ǳʥǿ߻Ҫһͣ㲻ʥǿߣҲʥ֮µ˾ֵܵġ
û˵ͻȻĬ
̧ͷΪܡɫӶš׷ɱҰ˵۶һҷ֪ΪʲôͻȻ𣿡
ѵΪ˱䵽ϼȥʣŮô΢΢˫ü
˵ͷȴҡͷֻ¶һ֡Ϊˣֵԭ񡣡
񣿡̲סһ漴Ӧֲʵ˵ԭѵ
ǵġȻͷѾַɱˡұĻҪҡ
˵䣬㵵ģܽ̾ɫľżɱŻﶼûһëһԴҲΪˡ

һΣĬɫ൱ѿƺΪеŭҲΪԼʵе
û˵ʱ֪Լ˵ʲôҲûκôˡ
ã̾˿֮в֮ǰĿܣǳĵˣһ׼ô죿
˵ţ΢һ˿ʣѵķ˺Ͷӣ
ܵڳԼͬ³һȻǸ޷⣬ǿ԰ʹһЩֶΡ
ʹֶΣ⡣
΢΢ͷһħʦҲҪڤķʽ˯ߡٵһɣһһȥ׷ɱȴһ˶ɣȵҹ˾ɾ֮ȥѿɯغͱȶĵ׽
˵Ϻݶһ׽ҲҪȫɱַκҪЮҵİѱ
ˣȫһ𣬹˺һǻعɫһ࣬ȻˣͽҰɣʵȻǱɱ֮£ʥ֮ҳƵڶû˸˵һ
áصͷ漴һ£ôȥϢƬ̣㾫ٺú׼һ£Сʱ֮ж
Сʱû⣡ʱӦ󹧾һʿ񣺡ˣҾȥˡ
ȥɡ˵һ䣬Ŀ뿪ĽŲԶ֮ʱʹͷ̾Ϣһ
ţߵߣӱ֮ȡ֮ǰģ¼ſ׶ǰӰ֪̽ˮִӻһžɵıԲʯͷ
ʯͷԼָֻ׸ǴϰȦδֲڼʸУؼǣʯͷģһ˸΢âġ-ţһһܸоʲôһ㣬ʶľͳ۶ȥ
һ̣ʯͷǻλҲͣʾޱȽŵ顣
ʯͷΪ׷ʯʯͷϡ-ķŴǡ桱֮Եġ桱˿ʥʦ׵ڡ
׷ʯĸǽӹд뿪ʱ򣬹гģԭôʥʦףϾ׵ĹŹƢҲ֪ģһҪ˵ʲôÿһ㲻˵˼ɲұ֤Լǲǻܻȥ
ڣֳַһڶסˣϵĶһҪ׷ʯĸ棬һ뵽ҪɱַĻ»ŪܴĶַҲˣȶĸҪǳܣɾͲȥˣ
Ͼȶ˼ܣܿǾֻܻٵ
һ뵽ؼ㣬Ȱ˵ԼٵһСʱ֮󿴿ܲ׽رȶĸӣǰѱȶĸɱҲҪǳ˺á
šСʱ֮յȷеϢٰѿٻ
뵽һ׷ʯĸ߬


ڰʮ ַġı
ȥϢ׷ʯĸ߬ͬʱ
۶ѩħǹۡȴǷ˲Сı仯
еҹѲĻǵڶλģпشŵټۡˡŮȵȣȫۼ˿ϡ
Ⱥ˵ΧеƥҲѾۼÿһ򶼰棬ذ
ҹ΢ʽϲ˺Ů̲סЩɪɪȴûκԹԣƽĶŲԶַ硢Լձַů͵ıѵİ
󣬱Ťͷַе˶Ѿˡ
úáַ˵ͷǰɨһȦˣҲˣò˶õʱ䣬ǿ¶һսҪΪʲôΪⲢҪҪǣҪڶս֮ǰٳ롣
Ⱥû˵ȻѾ򵥵Ľˡ
ַˣҲص˵ͷˣʱȣϻҲ˵֮ǰļƻھжɣ
£Ⱥ㻺ɢʼˡŮȵȣԾһȥѾˣҲкܶվİϣܶҲԾĲˡŮȥ档
ֻһɾܲסˣ˳صƺֱæͣذܾ
Ҳкܶ˵ȵûȺУһЩѾϣÿһƥıϣˣʣûҵλõԾĸ˺档
ŵһƥ͵һ滺ʻȥûκγҲں߶š
ַۼѾʼʻֺ˵ԣͷһ·ϱȶĸӿɾͰиˣ
İɣĵͷһƽֵġ
˵ţͲԥһԵİҲ˵ͷ󣬾ͳһȥ
ȻҲҡ˲˱ȶĸӾûбˣһȥĿ֮£Ҳ뵽ǰʻĶ
ַͰĿ˶뿪֮ۡ󣬲ŶԵİˣҪȥԭˣ׼𣿡
Ȼ˿Щĵ΢΢Ʋһַۣ磬һ˶û£һΧڵһʱͻỳˣ
ǾɰɣӦȥ׷Ҳ֪ĸбȶĸӡַ˵ţȻ¶һ˿ЦݣҲǻһֽô
ֽһ£ӦʱЦԣһֽ
ַ粻ɵҲЦˣǽסЦݣˣҲ·ɡ
š˵ͷͬЦݡ˫ķ۵𽥸һɼᶨ
ַҲٷϻץ𰢶壬ȫֱӳȥ

һҹ۶ϳŵʿЩ֣ΪʿӵѩħǼȥҪ򿪳ŵ
ӵֵ֣ǣ˭ûмһϡҡŮ龰һ˵ʻȥЩʿɵö̾ѩħǼʲôʱˣ
Ҳǵ£ȷ곤Ķȥ֮ʿǱַ˳ţš
ֻǣȴ֪ڳŷ֮ѩħǼĳӷֳӣȻӵĿ궼֣ÿһȴѡ˲ͬĵ·ǰС
ҲͬʱŵʿҲͬ˱š
ΪʿѩħǼӣȻǲѯԭֻǣٴη³źȴû֣һͻȻɫĶץסһ˵壬ԼٶȣȥֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬰ɫӰѾԶȥ
ҹ
ӵ۶Уܳһȫͬͷںˡ
˵ǰһʢعЧҩ۵СƿߵѥӸԲһѶСذףﻹһ
ٶҪ졣ǰͻȻһͳ
˶ʱͷİɣˡ
˵䣬һ׹⣬ֱֱѩħǹۡȥ
ȿ쵽ѩħǹۡʱס˶ֻСĵļǰȻ֮ǰٶȺȴҲױ֡
ѩħǹǰΧǽϣһ˵ĵطǽȥ˸档
Ĵһۣû˺СļǰУԼκ
ǣ֮ȴһѲӰûз֡
ûаķΧо쳣갵ɱľΧĻԽǰ˵ΧʵԽΣա
˼ԵøСˣÿһҪϸĵسΧ۲죬ԽһЩϰʱͲֱӿԽȥѡèӻ߸ɴڵȥΨһصͻڸֵע⡣
ѵַ鷿λã鷿΢΢ŵƹ⣬һæһغã鷿һȷû˷Լ󣬲뿪סλûȥ
ɵס֮ȴûκһͨⲻɵˡ
ǿеɻĵذеķ䶼һ顣
ＫΪԾǣЩȻûһˣ
ǲԼһУ¶˾ĺ󣬱ĵǱ鷿λã۲˺һȷΧûע⵽Լܵ鷿Աߣһ߽鷿ǽϣһ߽Ĺ۲κη紵ݶ
ûдһ˿۵ײһ˿ɻ
գǾǱ鷿ɵСģ·紵鷿ŵһ϶Ӵ۲ʱȴû淢һӰ
һ£һҧһᣬɴһèӣֱǱ鷿
һɨһȦȷûӰħƵϵһֽ˹ȥ
濴һۣûʲô׳ŵӳħ˹ȥڽӽħƵʱ򣬿Ȼֽץӡ
һͺ̶ܴϱ˿Դ鷿ӳӰӷԼ
Щģץֽûۿæĵ£ϸȷԼĶû˵עŰֽǰ۲
΢ĵƹ⣬Ҳ㿴ֽϵݡ
ֽдȻҲֻܶ࣬һ仰һ仰ȴһشһһϣʱ˵ĳ嶯
ֻдţǲǵʱ˳һõģ㿴ֽʱ򣬸˵ĶѾ뿪ˣңҲȶĸӡšǲǺأǾ;ɣ
ַ硤ϵ
ֽɫѾϣ˿ֻ̣˵ĳ嶯ؼ仹ӿһҪѪĳ嶯


ڰʮ ٻ
۶ۡĳС
ˣҸȷַǣ߿Ѿժϵӣһͷ췢ߵҪǵĻôô̵ʱڰѸеȫأ
˵䣬оƺǻ񫣬̲סһ䣺Ȼһֻûʣ£
Թ޵ȷ϶û˵ѣ˿ֽƬ̣Ȼеĵط㶼ѹô
Ȼһڿ϶ҺǸۡһ׳죬é޶ûзŹǣ˴ӳ﷢ֻ͵ʣ˵֮⣬ѩħǹۡһĶûУ
˵ʶĲΣһˣҪǲҵĻȥ̽Ҹұ֤ѩħǹۡٵҲֻֻ󣡣
ˣҲǲ㣬ַֻ֣ô̵ʱܰѸе˶ŵȥȻƽҲŭ˵߬еֽҾͲţô˵ĵûиʲô
ô˵ԺһЩʹһƽϢһеķӿŵڻʱȥϱĸŴһ£سʿңǰõʱȥ˴ѩħǼˣңЩʿ˵ЩϡҡˣѩħǼӦô󲿷ֶǴųˡ
󲿷֣ע⵽˹ؼ㡣
ͷǵġ֮⣬ŻȥѩħǼˣ֮⣬ûгȥκѩħǼˣšֻųȥһ˹̹ˡ
ųȥʲôˣò㶼ѯôüͷš
ûκԥ̾Ϣ˵˶Ǻ棬سʿͿǵòŮ޷ȷ
ߣŵĴųȥΡųȥܿǿɯغͱȶ㲻ĸӣҲ϶һ
λ˺ü٣ȥԵúҵߣҵעô룡
ˣڸô죿źԴΣҪҪھȥ׷ųȥûãǲУ˱ò˶೤ʱ׷ϡ
ҿһ¡ĬƬ̣һ˼һߵȻûгȥˣ˵ַûа˰Ž־ɭǸۡСڱַ籾˾УٱٶȣҲ׷ϡţЩ˵ĿֿҲûطˡ
ôźķ̲ס˼ǣȥ׷ô
УҡҡͷȻַ֪ҪҵǿɯغͱȶȥϷĳӶͬһ·ߡɫѺڣȥܸͲˣ׷ȥѩħǹۡҲҪ˲֡
ô죿ҲܾôŲܰɣָһ˿漴뵽ʲôæˡȻЩӵĿĵض֣ҪҪأβھȥһֻѻţص˽ڰ·أ
һʱǰһ˼һ£ҡҡͷѻȫ̫ðˣ·Ҳܱܿ׽סңϴʳݿ»ʬ޴棬ҪǣַҲܱʱЩ;ҵأ϶ѡԶ·
ðɣˣȻô˵д˰ɣΣҲһЩ
·𲢲⣬΢΢˵ͷȴ̾Ϣҵȷһ취ֻ뵽취Ļǿ϶ѡ취ġ
Ŷѵ˵취ΣôЩ⡣
Цһ֮βסţֹΣգһСĵĻҵҪȥ
һ⻰ĳ˳ǡ
ûпһ㣬֮ţʱ벻취ˣڡҲֻðһˣ
£ӵѾһŵֽӻȡǿ׷ʯĸ棬׷ʯǸ-ţһ̣һĴָһ-űһ¾ͱ˽ȥ
۶
Ǹֶ붾ң΢¹͸ԼԿһ߾ʬðɫݵС
ӹǣЩʬǸûõģѾõģ˿ȴ˫ۣǰȻǵĸϵֱֻͷ­ʱʱĶһֻ棬˾ǣЩʬǻһ㣬ȻһסеĶ棬ȻԼ
ֻǡҧ𣬶㱻Щʬҧ࡭
ɾʱЩʬϿյһƯӰȻ˫ۣŵ۶ķ
˫ۣһɼǿΪģ˲˷ɢȥЩʬ壬ǸӦʲôһ㣬ȻͬʱվЩʬȫϿյˣſǵ˫ۣͬʱһɼĺ
죡


ڰʮ ɱ
۶ȥһ۵Сϡ
ҹɫµĵ·Եø䣬ֻһɫӰץһԼٶȥǣһ̣Ӱһ٣˵һԵСϡ
ַ֡磬ղšǡʲôĽƺЩ£̲סʵ
ַȴæסͣӵȱ
󣬲ȰͷĹ˾ھ˴ԶߵУǹֺѾȥѾʱַŰ˵ЩʲôͻȻɫһæְѰϡ
ôˣǲ
ַû˵һ߸һƣһ̧ͷȥͿԼʮ׵ĸ߿գһӰٳ۶ķȥ
ַæİļ򣬸ָָϵӰ󣬰Ҳæ̧ͷ
ֻǣе˷еٶʵ̫죬̧ͷĹǸӰʧԶֻǿ׽˿˵ıӰ˾ѾʧԶĵ۶ˡ
ַ粢ûżȷûٲռ֮󣬲ŷŰվ
ַ磬ǡӦһʥǿ߰ɣŵ۶鲻Խ̾һ䡣
ַ˵ͷ϶ǣħʦķͲɵô졣
˵ַͻȻ΢΢üֻǣûнУǺܾܿħʦħʲôʱֳһʥħʦأ
ŶҲŲôࡣջĿ⣬ϵȴǳɭֵķȥǸɵļһҶԸղŴɭǱߴӺ档
ǸħʦǴɭɳġַѾ˶λˡħʦּ˾䣺ֻǲ֪ǹֵĽûʲôϵ
˭֪أĮĵʼ磺ֻǶǺʲô﷢Щ桭Ŷֱֲ̫ˡ
˵󣬰̲סӡ
һǿĶɡַ翴ķ̾˿Ŀ⣬򰢶ˣҲϽ·ɡҲ֪ҵʱܽΪ˸ʱ䣬Ҳֻƾʵ·ˣȻڵ״̬ǵ·Զأ㵽ּܲ١
㶼ĵҪ˵֮ܲĻɾ̫ˡعͷ΢΢һЦվַߡ
ַҲظһ΢ЦͲٷϻ΢һ״̬ץ𰢶ӣٴͼٳȥ

۶ۡǰǸ䡣
ʱѾƻһߴӰվűߣŶĺ
Ȼûɢκƣȴһ޷ѹһ㣬ѹĺ˴
һޣѱ񾭽ŵ˷ԶһԵĺˣæʹһɫ
ۿ˲ŴӿнȻûͶ٣һ¾˹ʱǿеѹ󺰵صԼĸλȥ˭Ҳ׼ǰһ
仰ԶԶ˳ȥǲɵöЩ㵣ֱҲһۺ󣬸ȥˡ
ȷڵĺߵȺæĿǰ˵ϣһؾһ״ˣáǵ۹ɭˡ
ɭ׵䣺׷ʯΪʲô
״˵Ȼͻ׵ģ̇ͷӻһ֪̽ˮ߬ҽһҪ֪׶˸һֱǺѣȥһģɣʱżȻõһ֪̽ˮ¼ſ׶ǰӰ
һֻδڣɫһȻһץסĲӽ֪̽ˮң
Ųӣ˵ֻ֪߬̽ˮֻ֣ݵ˿׵ǰ
ɫһӹ֪̽ˮѺһߣһԵۼֿ죬æס˺û˵ϡ
ֻǣ΢΢Ʋһۣƺ
Ҳδ˵ٶȳһֻ֡
ȿȣ̲סҳɣæִӻͳ֪̽ˮĹƷ˹ȥ
׽ӹ֪̽ˮҲ˵׼ǽûʾվԭؾĿš
һԵĺܴӰиֳ׶Ӱʱ£һ˫иϵһů
ֻǣ֪̽ˮǰܴһֶǿ׶ճȻжż׿ýζģҲҳϡ
׿ſţƺҲʧȥһЩģҪż˭ɱ˿׶Űѵɿ
Ҳһעţȿ׶밲ݺһİ׽սĵطʱæڵ
һǣæصԭٶȣ˱ۿȿ׶ɱĲʱʶľͳ׿˹ȥ
ͿһƽϣһѾŭ
ڵ˰ʣµӰʱһѽ֪̽ˮԼĻŤͷѾָƽȻڰӦӰǸСַ硯ˡ
ûзϣ˵ȴǹû˵ȥ
ߣ׵ʱһ˫ۣ˵ɣ֪϶Ե޹ʰҡ
״ˡȻô˵˲٣ֻ״˰һСæţ³ɵĻһ׷ʯĸҲ
׷ʯҲϽɫʱһ漴šҲˣȻܰٻ˵һӹ̻ϲ׷ʯĸˡ
Ȼӵͷ¶Цݣֱ뷽ŵģˣʯͷҲûκôֻҪ״˰ҰһС£Ҿͻָɡ
ˣ˵ɡƺԸЩϻϺ
ˣҲٶ˵ַ߱ȶĸӣְѩħǸۡ˵˵˳
˵ĩβҲ˵Լҵܼ򵥣ֻϣܰҰѱȶͿɯشܻáȻַʬ塣⣬Ҳһ¼ģ֪̽ˮŶˣǿ֪̽ˮ¼ַģʵӡ
ַȻҪɱģڿɯغͱȶҲŴûǾ䣬ɫһݣɰ˵Щ˵ȥ˱ϷҲ㲻ô
ǵģ޷ֱ棬ǡæϢһڣϷʡأȥ˱Ҳһȥġ
Ϸ֣׵Ŀƺڿʲô
ˣнթɫһ˾䣺ǵģ״ˣʱҲַĻٵĵ̻Ҳһѡ񡣡
Ϊ޵еôûĵ˺һۣҿɲ˵ﵽʥǿߣңϷһλڰϵʥǿߣûҪȥ
ʱһæһתƻô˵ǴӦҵˣ
Űɣ˵䣬ȺӦͻȻһ·˸߿ա
ʱڵĺһһԵЩĵĵһ䣺ˣַĶô
Ҳ΢΢ҡͷɵغһܵһ£ѾҿǵΨһ취ˡңֲʲôʧ
䣬˵ʲôȻɫһ㶣۾ɵùԲţ˫Ŀ񣬴ľںע£Ȼһһȥ
ȻͻȻ仯Щ⣬ѯʵʱ򣬾ʹϸоһаϢ
󣬲ȺӦо˿׵ҪһʣҾͰˡҰҪ˸ʱ׷ʯĸ棬Ҿͻ㡣
ţͿһһȥ


ھʮ ټѪ
ת֮䣬ʮʱȥһַͰѾ˼ԭıԵϡ
ʮ쵱УַͰǹĺܲá
Ȼһ·ϣûʲô⣬ַΪ˸ʱ䣬ԭһµ·Ӳѹʮ죬·ϵӣȻ
źµİѾ˲٣ɫ֪仹Ϊһ·ӪѾò԰ޱȣ˷ܵɫ֪ľ㲻
ַ磬ȻҲ࣬ǣô̵ʱڵＫԭл⡣
һʱ䣬ÿ챣֤һ֮⣬ǴŰͣظ·һʼʱ򣬰ַܵ缫ٶȣʱһãЩܲˡ
ڵӵ۶һ죬мַָʱϢһ֮⣬һֱϵʱֵʱ̲סеķӿһ¾˳Һõʱַÿ죬ȻĻ϶ᱻһ
Ժӣһ·ϲͣس£˳ԣ˵ԭ˲ڡ
θܵǰδеĿ飬Ҳ˾޴ս
˵Сû뿪ĵ۶Ȼڹңĺܶûмʶ
ַ̤ϱʱȻһ·Ҳǲͣ£ÿ·һطַָͣʱҵһʵĸо
һļٱҲԴʧȥȤתרķԼĶϣԽߣԽú䣬ȻַҲΪ˺£ǸоԼʼն޷ů͹
һ·ϣҲ˵ǰ־ΪϾʱ򣬶ңϵĥɲΪʹģ
ַһֱߵҲùݡׯСȵԵܶʱ˾ֻ¥޻ҰȻַĿռָųԲĵȻһʳôóԣÿͶһԵʱҲͬ¡
˵ĵһùݣַϢָ֮࣬İĻҲֹһεѯԼľԼҪô
ڸո̤ϱԭʱ򣬸ŴߺХ޿ײĿ磬ﲻŨŨĻ
Ȼ׼ʱȴĿẮֱҪеĲпʮ
ֻǣ̧ͷַףһ·һֱһµʱ򣬲֪ΪʲôͻȻͺࡣ
֪Ѿû·ҲַẮĻֻһֻе֮ջû˵ʲôڵĻ
˼ԭзĪ
Ŵ߹ιĺ磬ŰѩΰɽƬط֪ȥ˶Ӷеǿߣʱһ
Ҳ̽ˣûħޣϢһɣҪָһ¶һ·ַվһ䴦尢֡
ȥͷطĺ类ס֮࣬£оһů
ַ˵ͷַ״̬󣬰Ҳһƨ˵ϣһ߾ĴΧżԭʱ׳һߴӻһַɱһֻտµһԼС
ַ磬˷ֳһ˿Χ֮⣬ľȫ˻ָϡ
һʱ䣬ַνǽȻûгɹĽż۷壬Ҳͽһ֮ˡ
罣ԵںϣҲʱ̡
һ·֮ܿٻָȫ鹦ڿռָĵÿλָʱͻõڵĵںϵ罣ʱģӶҲ̼˶Ļָٶȡ
û㹻ĵַҲô̵ʱھͳɹＫԭ
ֻǣȻԴԴϵĶ֧ţַ绹ܸоۡ
ʵĽЩȴ㲻ʲôȻڻûܽż۷ĲΣҲǸոսżн׵ʱܱġ
˿ַָ̣ŶĹԺͻȻһΥһμĵطҡ
һַһΪ֪ʥǿ߲ӵеʥǿ߸ԼǾ˵ѾԼ
ȷֱ˺ַǰĽŶʱɢһգæӻָѣһԻڿſİ漴վϲˣ߰ɣѪ߸ѾҴǹȥˡ
ţһ㶣Ȼûϵַôͻӻָѹһַĺ仰æӵЩŵûͬң
ţʱ̫ˣҲ㶼ûֱַһͷЦȥ˾֪ˣһġ
Ȼַô˵ﻹûףֻǣʱҲ֪ʲôҲûˣַͣĽŲ
һΣַ粢ûץŰǰһǸһ׼ʱ䣬ҲԼһǶʹ۵ʱ⡣
ϾѪߵĴҲȥ·ٻʲô߼ħˡ
żϤĵ·ߣַԺҲԭһ˳̤ϼԭʱ
Լﵽ˰֮Լר罣
ҲħȺ׷ҵһħޱҡ
Աһһȥ˹͵Ϯշ߿Ѫɱϵķ̳ЦԼ¾ĸԸٺң밲ڽɽ峨һճ
һ̣²һĻĻǰ֮ƺܸܵʱħޱʱ־Ķţַ鲻Խһ¶һ˿ӵЦݣŰ˵ʱնɱ޵ǵȡ
Խȣ˵ħްΧļƽء
ȵһεȻѾûصħޣΪΰɽ˿ҫ貵ĻƽâʱϦԵҫ£˲ӡ
Ŷ찡һοΰĽɽ֮𺳣ĿɿڴվԭأŴＷһ仰⡢ɽѵǴô
ǵģµòַƲһ۰紵ͷ΢ЦŽ͵ɽǵʥɽΪӯһĽɽ˵һÿһһΪɽڣŻ˶ħޣҲŻ˵³塣
Ȼ·ַ˵ۿΰĽɽַ署һ飬һָоˡ
ַ翴ŰһпģļЦˣ߰ɣѪ߸¿ѾȵĲͷˡ
˵ţɽķȥİһ֮Ҳæǰȥ
һַȻһæԵİҪҲҪ
£˵ӱ㲻ܿƵƯһ㶣ɸܵԼ޷Ƶʱ򣬲Щ
ûµģѪ߸ȥַ翴˰ľţȻԼҲ޷æοһ䡣
ƺЩ⣬ɻȥģ
ַʹһɫɽȥ̾Ȼɽ嶥

˽ϸҲ𽥿ƺԼȻǸо𺳣֮ţеķӿѾƽ˲١
˴ﵽɽ嶥ַҲ˶վڶѪߵıӰ
һ¹°ı˫֣׷˵˫ڶ岢һָɵһɲѪҲȻת
ַæһŵİԼѪ߸£Υˡ
ȻЩ񣬲Ҳæѧַһ
ɵַ̧ͷҪѪ߽ܰʱȴѪ߿ԼƺôѺá
ȷе˵Ѫ߿Լǵ⣡
һ˲䣬ַвһ


ھʮһ Ѫߵɻ
ȻѪ߲ϤҲܷ͵һѪϵı飬͵һ׳ŵӶߵַѯʵַ磬ǲʲô
ַûлش𰢶ҡҡͷҲѪΪʲôԼһģֻǣҲףûԵ޹ʵĺޣع֮󣬾ǰһڵѪ߸£ʣ
ַ磡ѪһڴϣӲģΪʲôûߣ
ַһ⻰ʱһ£漴ȻǸ΢ЦǸѪ߸£ĺܺãһǰһ·ʵ̫ΣգҲûаߡ
ַĽͣѪߵɫһЩЩĵһ䣺ģҪ֪׼ȷλá
Ϸʡַûκԥ˵仰Ѫߵɫƺûлɵּһ䣺һůǺƵĵطҵչˣұ֤ľԺܺá
Ϸ֣Ѫȴüͷһ壬ʲôЩĵ˵ǰʱ䣬ܸܵ϶˵ķкڰϵĲڽʱܵԽһЩĵطˮϵ䲨ң˵֮մս١ַ磬ңǲǳʲô飿
λַ粻Щ㵡
Ѫ߿еӦЧҵǸɣ
ȻţַҲûţ˼ЦЦǸѪ߸£ʵ沢ûзʲô飬ʩչʱҶֳǸˮϵħϯͷŵˮ֮ŮĸĿΪ˾ȻرѧԺԺ޲ضǸڰϵ䡭ͷŵġ
˵ţַ绹Щ˼ʼ硣
ŵģѪһ£Ŵַ磬ֻǴһɫͶʱѿ˵ѣûдﵽʥ򣡿ңΪҲ֪ڰԪΪڰ˳˯Բ˶ѧô
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˵ŵĹַĺڰѪ߾һڵѪ߸£á
һԵİѾסˣ۵ɵĹԲȻҲѾַĽͣɿһ˷ɫ֮⣬ַòһһͻȻԼߣǲⱻһ
Ѫ߱Ҳʶĺһӡ
ַ˵ı鿴УȴǶѪ˵Ѫ߸£Ӧüǵҵһʱͷųɣ
Ѫߵ˵ͷַ񣬻Щȡ
ַˣֵͷŵǸڰΪơӦ˵ںڰϵħͼĽˣɾ˷ľҲԼľһС
˵ʱַ粻˵һĻڻоЩ¡
Ѫַⷬͣ۵׵ɻʧ΢΢ſҲϣ鲻Խͷԭ
һ⻰ַٴΰѺڰӽռָҲһ㵵İָָڵѪ߸£Ӧûǵã֮ǰӦһʺѧϰ³Ȼ˰ɣ
ŶѪַ߱ͻȻһת⣬ԵЩӦ˳ַָķȥſ˰
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ǵģҡӷŵľлعشһ䣬ٴγѪ߹ҽܵãѪ߸£ǵ۹˲ĳӰ̹
ڣַҲûٴβ죬΢ЦſŰٴһļǸ
·Ĵַһеõ˳ģ󣬱̧ͷ¸ҵӭѪߵĿ⣬û˿
ѪԭûһΣ갢ҽܣ̧ͷԼ˫һĿʱʱЩȣ̲סڣ֮һ˿ַǸɣųΪʫ˵Ǹˣ
ǵġûзϣ鷢չзƽϾѾѪߣԼҪȴģֻѪߵͷֻҡͷˡ
ϣҲַϣѪȷ֮󣬳ĬƬ̣ٶȻָƽҪѧϰ³ȻҪԼߣҪһȻڵġַֻĻţԣҪԲһ㡣


ھʮ ѪߵĲ
һѪ߻Ҫԣַ˶ʱͽҲûзɣϾ˼ѪҲȥһİΪͽ
ֻǣַ˿̲뵽˵ϿԼĲԣҲ֪ǲħ츳ķ϶³ĲԷһ̲סҲЩڴ
ַ磬ֵȴ࣬ʵ·ϵʱ򣬰ѾǵĺܳˣѪҲһԼֱԼΪͽȻῼһԼһ㣬Ǻ֪֮
һѪߵĻ˵ͷǹʵʣҸô
ȱ۾ȻڽȻѪߵ˵һ䣬ַԶһ㣬ܵӰ졣
õġַʱҲûκηϻӦһ֮󣬾ͳѪȥվԱߣŶѾ۾İ
Ѫ߼ˣӱһֻ֣ĳϣ̧
ѪߵԵַʱ͸оһֹĸоΧһ˲ȫƵȥҲǱһ㣬ȫȥ
Ѫߵ̧ؿڼλãͻȻͣסˣ
һַ̣һܵĸоǺòײŰİŮ˵·ǹ⣬Է͸һ
ȻҲ⣬Ȼ˫ۣһ̣Ҳһֹܶɫ
ֻѪȻ侲۲Űı飬ͣؿڴһͻȻһĳ£Լٶѹȥ
͵һ䣬ַҲȻһǵʱ򣬾͸оո³ȥ˲
Ϳ԰ĽŵΪģһȻ
´ҲӴ˿У
ԤϵһȻҲһ֮ͻȻĴ㵸Уȴɽ˫ۣҪǣ˿̾ǱħʦʩչƯһشԼһİС
ֻƯĺܲȣҡҡλʱܵȥĸо
վ±ϣȻѪڳַ绹ǵİʱпܵȥ
ַ羪ǣԸоܼȴܲϵԪκεǿ
ȻƯûнϵԪصİ
һ˲䣬ַжʱԭǵ³Ȼ
ŵͬʱҲѪ߿˹ȥͿѪ߿򰢶Ŀһ˿죬Ҳһ˿ϲ
ţѪߵɫ࣬һһջֻ첲ٴα˺档
ҡҡ׹İҲŻ䵽˵ϡ
ˣ۾ɡѪɫָƽ˿̣ΪϲԵʣ̲ס̾һ䣺츳ĺ֪ܲ³ȺҲֻпܱǿһЩˡ
˵Ѫߵɫɵһе˼һַһ⻰еʱһһΪе˵˷ܺһĪһ¾͸
ԭѪҲǵԼʦ
Ѫ߸£ʡȻҲ˷ܣ˵ƺҲôˣӦ÷ı׼˰ɣ
Ȼ츳ǹˡѪߵȻƽ򰢶ĿԲͬˣ˵䣬ûͣ٣˵ֻһҪԦ޵츳
Ԧޣһ㶣ʲô˼
һԵַ⻰ʱͻعϿ֪Ԧ޿ѪߵĿұˣȻȻҲѾ൱ʥˮƽַǼƾԼһˣͲٿԭи߼ħʱ׳龰
ʱѪߵĻЩѪڣ
ѪҲûлش𰢶ֶһУ󣬾ͳŰ˵ߡ
ţһ㶣Ӧʱ򣬾Լ·һȮͣȮͼΪأͷ·Եһ㣡
һ£ѪѣҲɵóѪ߶һ߶㣬ﻹһߵǡʲô
Գ˿־壬ֻǣѪ߻ûشʱһԵַʱͿڵӦǰ˼ħͷħȮ
˼ħޣʱһһսʿʵûС
ַȴЦЦɵ㣬ֻ˼ħѪ߸ٻģѪ߸ѵ㻹õʲô𣿡
šѪҲͷֻԦ츳ġ
ַѪߵİοɫǺһЩɽⷽԼվĵطκ⡣
˾صȴһСͿһӽףȫëȴŰɫƤͷ­ħȮĽ̤˶ĵ档
ַȻڵһԭʱͷħȮΪʱħʵ̫࣬Ҳûϸȥ۲ͷħȮ
ڣصİȫ⣬ַҲϸϸֻͷħȮֻȻ׼ɻǲɵöͷħȮĿֲģе⡣
ֻͷħȮһ඼ҪߣȼͬˮͰһ׳ļ¡ܿǵ
ͷ­ȫһ׳Ĳϣϣ£ͷ­мǵ϶ԣȻͷ­Ѿͣɽ嶥ٶҲ죬ַ绹ŵϮ
˸оֲǣͷħȮԴϽյУ͹˰һļȥֲһһֶĵĸо
ɽ嶥Ͳ󣬴˿ôһһվ棬ɻĿռ䲻С˺ܶࡣ
ͷħȮһͷءĵͳͷʮֻ۾ĿͣѪߣֺһ
Ѫһֻ֣ͷħȮʱ͵ͷ­Ѫ߸˳ģֲĵĳ࣬ɵַвһַĴ
һԵİǽţǵͷħȮʱһ㣬ͷħȮԴʱ򣬰̲ס˰벽
ַҲע⵽˰Ķֿ־⣬ϾֻһκʵͨˣԼôһֲļһʱȻ֪˺ԼҲ־塣
ˡѪջ˸ͷħȮֻ֣ת򰢶ȥɣȥߣԴȥ˼룬Ȼ㵽׸ܵʲô
䣬˵ͷ֪ԼӱܣһѹסеĿ־壬ͷħȮ˹ȥ
ͷħȮ˿Ѿ̧ͷ­վԭأͷ­ЩĴŰȴûн䱸ҲûκζĬĬصš
ַ֪ͷħȮǻħޣкĿҲ⣬Ͼûжǻ۵ĻҲΪͷȮ졣
ʱ򣬰ѾߵͷħȮߣΡΡһֻ֣΢΢ż⣬ͷħȮ߸߰ͷ­̽ȥ
ǣͷħȮһɵͳĺɺַжʱ͸һĵͷǹǰĽ䱸


ھʮ 
ѪȻҲͷħȮĵͺʱɫһ䣬صĺһ
ַͰ߻ûʲôͷħȮһʱһ㶣󣬲ȰȥȻԴ
һһɿͷħȮκεʱŰͷħȮһͷ­ϡ
۾ȥѪߵ
ͽ˫ۡ
Ѫ߼ˣͻȻһͷַͿͷħȮͻȻܵ˾޴ľţͷ­һ֮⣬ֻ׳ȴʼ
ʱ򣬰üͷһ壬˫۾Ϳڵڿ־壬ƺġ
ѪʱǰһţٶȵһͷַֿͷħȮǳ˷ܼһŵĿ־ʧߵβͲͣҡţʮֻ۾Ҳһͬ˸˵ɫ
ŵܸˣ
Ѫһ⻰ɵüëһһֱûκαϣ˿Ҳ¶һ˿ϲ
ַȻ֪Ѫʲôжϰ츳ɿѪϵϲʱ̲סҲŸһ˿οЦݡ
ӡУһΣֻࡰʱѪߵϲ¶ͬɫ
ѪֳͷħȮ˺üͷַҲͷħȮֳ˸ֲͬģͶѪߵͷ֮׼ȷĲ³ͷħȮ
ڰһβ֮Ѫ㿪ˣˣͲԵɡ
£æ˫ۣͷħȮҲǵõһ㣬̧Դһһȥֱ˵˾ͷѪߵİ֮»ȥ
˿̲ɵĽţתͿַһЦݳ˵ͷѪߵȴƽ
Ѫ߸£ʣͨĲ𣿡֮һɲ
ѪҲŰϵıЩӣǺܿͿڵܺã㲻׼ȷ˵ͷħȮԦ츳Ѿˡ
˵䣬Ǹп㵱ڵ³壬һõȫõ
ַע⵽Ѫ߻Сʣһʶľͳ˹ȥļҲ˲ӿŨŨο뿪ġ
ȻҲû뵽Ѫ߻ô˵֮࣬ûӦһͷԵʵǡʣ𣿡
ȻѪ߿ĵЦˣȻȽϴˣһʷɫĵ³
ַһοѪߵЦע⵽ѪߵлһֲԹ޵ɫ뵽ȺİΪѳ飬һ⼫ĵһһסô꣬в⸡һ˿ͬ顣
ԼĶ䣬ĿѪߺһǷӦæһһ۹ڣغһ䣺ʦ
ˣ³ȺûôƹأѾϳȺ͸ûôˡԺ͸Ұɣ˻ʳ̫֮⣬㲻õĻκί
Ѫ߶Ű֣ǰԴ󣬱תַ翴˹ȥллΪҴôõһͽܡ
ַЩѪҲ˵лĻϵıеʧ΢΢һЦ˻⣺Ѫ߸£ϴ뿪ԭҲ˲ʱˣ֪޸ûУ
Ҫһʱ䡣Ѫҡҡͷ漴̾˿Ҳò˶೤ʱˡ
ʱ䲻Ļ޸֮󣬾ȥϷҰɣҸ඼ַ˵ͷ
Ѫ΢΢Щ⣬ַ绰е⣺Ҫ𣿡
ǰرʱҲرţòַ߰粻ⳤ̾ϢһһͻȻһ飬һ£ʵˣѪ߸£˵Ŀ˭˼
Ѫһ£û뵽ַѯ⣬Ҳûжȥַ⣬ϸһ˿ˣ΢΢ԴĬã̾ϢõѣҲ֮ǰǸϳȺĵ³
Ŷַװ֪ô˵޵ΪűϳȺӵĵ
ȻҰͶ൱ȥ֮⣬δڹκ飡Ѫ߲мߵң൱޹أȫ鹦ڵʱĵ³峤൱ҲΪѳˣ
ѪߵŷŭһԵİɻ󣬵ַȴ˭ûᣬٴʵô˵ӦúڴλСĵ³طɣ
Ѫߺĵ˵ͷҵ뿪ʱ򣬸ûʱȥֻǣڵʱӦѾ꣬ûʥĻӦѾȥˡ
һ⻰ַʱ˵ϿûĻҺסˡ
Ѫ˵䣬ȴüͷʲô
ŶûʲôҾʣλһţҲһطһ졣
˵ַҲæ˻⣺ˣٵʱˣҪˣ´ּʱټİɡ
˵ţַŰ˻֣ˣҪĸѪ߸ѧϰ
һġ˵ͷĻ˻֡
ȥɡѪûж˵һӣ˱ڿУȥ
ַԭΪֻԼȥû뵽ԼҲԼһͬȥʶѪߵӦò٩һһ䣺Ѫ߸£׼Ϊ𣿡
ҴһôõͽܣԸʲôѪߵҲ٩͵ļӣܻĳϵ
ɳַϣһ£һַֻ̣оů˲٣ǲɵ¶һ˿΢Ц֮
Ѫ߲мغһûַ磬Ťͷȥȥܽ
š˵ͷ漴˫ۡ
䵽ϣַʶĿΰĸɽת˵Ըܺܿټ
˵ţ㳯ȥֻǣŸһַͻȻһ۷˻Ѫ߸£ǲǵ޸֮ɽûôˣ
ѪЩַĻǻصھѾûκôˣѾɽжϷסˡ
Ǿ˵ɽʧҲûйϵˣַһת
Ѫߵ˵ͷɻЩʲô
Ұַ翴Ѫߵͷʱ˿ƽ˵ɽߣѪ߸¿ͬ𣿡
ֻҪа취£ΣѪȻЩ⣬ҲûжӦһԵİ̾һ䣺찡ɽµе۹ܲƲ˰ɣ
ַˣٺһЦտڲԣȴæͷԼĿռָ


ھʮ ³Ľɽ
ʱţַڼԭһصĵ͸ѪЩħ޵Ĵͺ󣬱뿪Щ᲻Щħޣȥˡ
ȥһ·ϣ˰Ҳַٶȿ࣬ͬҲ֮û˰ѷ磬ҪͣϢʱ򣬱Ҫһ԰ȫĵطС
һһʱ㻨ѰҰȫص档
ҺãʮʱƽȥһϣַҲص˵۶
۶ƽַҲûκι˹ƳǳصϢ
ֻһ۶֮ͱֵļΪСģصڲ鿴һ鷿ֽ֮ͬеĲ󣬱뿪˵۶ûκֱͣ־ɭָȥ
ַԴ֪ѾԼǵеַ磬һֱ˰ѿ־ɭǸСΧҪĻҪǱɱСú֪ԼĶɾǴˣ
Һãַ־ɭʱûзκκˣǷ¸ۡѾȻһЩ˺͹УȽһǰʱҪ˺ܶࡣ
ַ־ɭֵĿģȻһһصĳ;棬ڼԭΪ˰ѽɽװռָڳĿռ䣬Ѿĵʣ޼һΣ־ɭ֣ע⵽Լ󣬱С֮С
ȣַ粢ûпʼǱ˺ףڴﵽŅ̀ͷϷȥ
λþ˵İףȻԶԶռָɽߣ½ɽĵײ࣬ڽɽ߳ĺַȥˡ
Ŀǰż۷ֻһ㣬ǲȥֻԼҲٸһ·ܳɹﵽ׼ռ͸Ͻϻ֣ϾڻȶĸǷ˰ȫ
ֻǣһҪĵĵƾռָ¸ңһռָûʢŵֻʢһЩƷԼǸ
һɽȴռһռָֻпճռָܾȥɽҲֻԺٻʱˡ
ַҲĽɽӺͻȻֻ˵ĿԼᣬϾӵĵԱͭҪǿ࣬˸Ҵ¶ڿеĽɽĻ»ᱻˮ²ͣɽĵĵֱӵɽ̿
ŵĹַεԵȻһ±ų˽ɽǡ
ַû뵽۾ǡɽȻ˳ش˺׵ĸ㣬ٳ·ȥ
ͻı仯νַЩֲ벻ɽȻᴩȥĸ㣡
Žɽ³ַҲ뵽ѵҲʧЧʱôýɽץסȥ
һ뵽ַϽ¿ȥֻǿһۣʧˡ
ΪµĸɴڣȻܿɽ³ȥȴǿ˸ĺף³ĽɽԽ󣬱ʧǰַİɫëһȻ۵ĸ㣬Ҳɽ
㻹ڣֲַ룬ѵĳЩʱΣĹܾͻʧô
ͬ뷨ַҧ˶һͷײȥɸû뵽ǣֻԡһȻײһ޷ײƵǽûɽһȥһ¾Ͱϸߡ
ַæסӣͷϵʹȻԺԣɻ³Ľɽַ粻Щͷˡ
ǣۿԼò׸ĽɽҪ뿪Լַ統ȻӲܣ̧ͷһۣɽƺѾҪײˣæҪɽջؿռָ
ǡ
ʱַŭķ֣ôȴ޷³еĽɽջؿռָ
һ£ַɲˣԼۿҪɵйˣĿСԼĲƲ̵
ǣַ㳢Ըְ취Ҫɽջؿռָǣ뵽õ罣жϽɽֹͣǰȴҲɽ½ٶ̫죬޴֡
ۿɽ嶥λþҪ³ַһҧٳϷȥεɽ˵λʱˮĵѾɽΧĽŵӽռָ˫һۣƶʱ뵽˽ɽ֮С
˫ݽȥַֿԼȫǶ˽ȥһ³Ľɽֱӽˣ
һַ̣зŭŭѾ˿Լܱ£ܲٸˣ
ǡ
ʱ³ɽһ𣬾Ȼֹͣ˼³
ѵǵ׶ˣ
ַвɵðһͷ
æŴӽɽˮΧŽɽһȦֽɽѾֹͣ³
ʱַеŭҲʧƽ漴Ҳ뵽ŽɽһȥгĿܣɵЩ¡
侲ַ֮뵽һֿܡ
ѵ˳ͨ׸ôĻԼ취һ½ȫ¶סǾ˳شԽ׵ĸˣ
һ뵽Ǳ˸ĵطӿռָҳһöңһ֣Լ³ȥ
ǣöȴûɽһȥڸ֮󣬾;һȻûͨ
һַеɻʢˡ
ѲֻһܳɹĴ㣿
ֻǣ뷨ַûİ취ˡ

ԭشãַҲû뵽İ취󣬾ֻܻɥĳϷȥ
εɽλõʱַ翴ѾۼĵƴŽɽĽЩȫӽԼĿռָ
ȻɽѾûȥһеĵȫΧŽɽַռоʮַ㡣
ֻвһʱ䣬ַĿռָѾ˵
ЩɽǸϽȥ
ˮλãȷûʱ͸Ͻ˰ʱܵİȫɽͻȻĺˮһѾ˲ԶԼ¸ۡǱߡ
СĺˮͻȻǣѸԭæЩ˺͹ˣ˿һۿȥͿһˡ
ַʱҲֻ̫࣬ǿ۱ɭȥ
ɭֵĵ涼ŢҺûеӺиһӿĻɭֿºܾܿҪһˡ
ַ粢ûͣһɭ֣˴ط׸·ٳϷָȥ
ȻȻʧȥһɽַƣַҲȥ˻ɽˣ˵ԼҲòߣȴûлᡣ
ַҲһ׵ǸᱻԼƿҲһ죬ɽҲͬصԼԣַȻƣȴô
һֱ·ƻʱ䣬һ̵Ұ⣬ڸ·ַͻȻһڻʵƺѾﵽһޣ
漴һطӣʼ
ֻ˶̶̲һ˫ۣȻﵽ˾ż۷ˮ׼
罣ıԣҲɹںϣĵ罣ԣȴַ羪ȵĺϲ£죡


ھʮ ϷԵ
Ϸʡؽ紦һССϣдԼʮƥټϱ߷ɳۡ
ʮƥϸһˣͷһ˽ͳ֮⣬˶һ´硣
ڼ˵ǰһСƹݣͷһСùݣ󷽵Щ˴һƣʮ˱ͻٶȡ
ʱٿͷ׵ǰӡһ׼ѩħͷһĻ֪ѩħǼͳ졣
˵ų߿ɾ͵ĵˣѵ㻹ǰǸСƹϢһ𣿡ʱһ˿ں
ǰͳعͷһ̩£ѾɫӶŵųˣԽ˹ȻҲԳƺΪգңѩħǹ˵ĵ̣ɲҵĵ̡
˵䣬εʼ磺˵ģѾҪˣǰȥϢһ°ɣҲһټ˵Ļˣһʡ˭Ůˡ
֪̩ں˵һ䣬ų˵ѩħǼĽôһͳף̫ˣ
쵰ٽųˣŭһ䡣
̩·Цڵģǵųֵǣ˵˵ĶԲԣ
漴һƬ
üͷ˷ܵǣҲ֪ǼԼôˣɵε⸱ûʶң֪ѩħǼһͳ죬߱ȽϷ㣬Ȼصʡٻ˹Ҳ
໹ؾ̩ܵ֡һںģֵǿɶſأ
˵Ķԣ

ǿɶأʱٴһƬ
εҡҡͷѵСĵ㣬صСҲƽԭ磬˵˼ˣǵĴ󲿶Ӷһ·ƾʮˣҪǱ˼ĴΧƾڵľƣǿȫҪˡ
ʲô̩һ⻰ںıʧһɷŭ˼ûɱɫӶŵˣҪˣ٣ֵǾɱ٣
һ仰͵ȼʣ˵ЩȻһָǻŭĺ
տһĻɫҧ˵Һֻǻûе۶ǣҪӼԭҵǣһ·ҿɲ֪ҪԶٱˣ
˵䣬أԻعͷȥ˵
̩¼ˣоЩⲻȥֹ̧ͣǰߣɫһķţɫͷֵǶҵģһֱǵͷң治֪ʲôµģҪǼ󲿶ӷֿС·
̩£ҲûղۿףңҲ£ΪѩħǼĽҪȫ֣ҲҪʵص˹Ѿ˼ˣǴĴ󲿶Ŀ̫󣬿϶ܵϮҴСȫΪ˰ȫ룬ңƾЩ˵ʵܵ˰Χһ·Ҳǲܣ
ðɣʵ̩¼һ࣬ҲûټЦ飬ʼӦһ֮󣬱̾һʵͷҲ֪ƾӶŵʵ޷˼忹⣬ʲ
£ȥôû˵ʱ޿̲ɱɭǸһ֪ĲУڻУԣԴǴδɱʧͶѩħǹºҾһֱڵȴһᣬڣͿҪˣҶܵȵסѵǻȲס𣿡
Ȼȵס̩¶ʱһݣ漴üͷ̽Եʵͷĺ֪ѾɫӶô
ҴӦѩħǹʮ꣬ڲֻǸոտʼɫ˲٣Ťͷ̩Ͷȥһ΢Цˣҿһֱһȥľͷ
һ⻰̩¶ʱһϲæŤֵûҾ˵ͷһģ
ֻǣȴûз֣յһ̣һ˿ãȻź漤ղһЦͷˣֵǣϢһɣֻСʱʱ䣬̣֮㣡
ǣˢˢ𣬷ҲЦתȥ
ƥúãձ߽Сùݣһ߽ȥȺһһɢȥ§סƹݵŮˣϵЦĿ¡
ЩŮȴûоŵɫǽЦЦӶͣ
տһĻϵЦݣûиЩֵһȥ§һŮˣأߵһλǰӣһϰ壬Ͼƣ
Ӧ֮󣬷ձŤŤӣɾʱĶͻȻһãλͳˣҿĶ𣿡
һ⻰֮ģ̧ͷȥȴһݿʵ˳òһֻ֣˵ϣһӡѩħǼͼĽơ
ϵǸα־ŷģ΢ЦòصȻԡ
ʵ˷յĶ棬ҲûκηϻֱӽȻ֪λͳ죬ȻԼˣҲͲ߸£ƹݸƹһעһ£ЩԺƾƵˣɶѩħǼԼˡ
Ŷһ⻰ղЩ⣬˳˵۹⿴ȥͿЩԺƾƵ˹ȻɫĿԼУмԼʶģ
ʵ˿յĶ΢Цûб˼ֻһʲôìܵĻǧҪ˵Լˡ
תͷǣأôǵôˣ
û취εһʼ磺ͿҪսˣҲܸɿţڸر߽紦ǵİڡ
նʱȻ

ڴͬʱƹ治Զһ·ϻ߳һ̫۵Χʿֻʿֻͨףʲôݡ
˷ֱԱߣȴ֮䱣һľ룬˵˫һֱ彣ϣƾ֪еһ
ͻȻ̽һԴ漴ԶľƹݿһۣȻһԵʿ֣ˣ
׼үʲôԸ˲ȥ
ȥ׼沿Ӳ˲٣һͷһ˿ֻǿƹݵĿ⣬ȴǸԵаԸȥǸƹݣҿǺü춼ûŮˣ
˶ʱһü׼үⲻװɣβǹȫңѾ˹̸ˣպ˵ҲӦҹһص۶ˡ
ϻ׼һŭֻǣǺܿһ£һһСʱ
ðɡε̾˿ǰȥ׼
ھƹͣ£׼ѵȵȲæżȥ
֮ܵһһӵʿǰЩż׸ʿȥ׼үɣҾͲȥˡ
仰ܳϿң׸ȴǰһۣһ߸׼ĽŲһ߲м˵ѩħǼǿߣƾԼʵҿɲұ֤׼үİȫ
ˣջ̾һǰȥ
һ߽ƹݣЩŮ˿Ц˾Щ̲סüͷǸ׸ʿȴһΪܵӡ
׼ȥڴУ׼§סһŮӣҲֻܱͣ½ŲվԾĴܣм׼
˸ɨһۣͿһںžƸĵķա
оЩϤǰϸϸ
ղ˶ԼɵŤͷȥ漴㿴˵ݡ
ʱĿԣһ¾סˡ
˿յı飬иȷһûסʧգ㣿û


ھʮ 
˵󣬵˻һڣʱ÷Ѫɫȫޣû뵽˾Ȼ
˵ĲҲһԵĸ׸׼׼Щߵߣֵʵôˣô
˵ŵĹ׼Ҳ˳˵Ŀ⿴ȥͿźѪɫԼǰϵѩħͼ
ͬʱմЩӶǸҲĿ˿˹ȥȻȻŮ˵ĽɿԱ׼ϽֳĵĿ⣬һֻȴǰԾط彣ϡ
ڽԭͷȾƣֻƹŮ˵Цĺܶˣ˿ҲĿŵյϣشţȷ˵ʲôϵ
һʱ䣬Żֵľƹݣ˿һ¾Ͱ
ڷնĿˣʱؿ˺׼һְۣĿŻص˷յϣʵԭǷͳˣʣĹô
ûлشˣϾ㵵ı齥ָƽվشߵĸ׸һۣ׼ͣƬ̣ɨȫ
׼ѿɫһӹһ˿ϲ˶ߵ˵һ䣺ˣѵǸ״˲ѩħǼߵļ𣿡
ûлشȻûдӷŵлعǵãۿյʬ壬ʱȻֿջվԼǰϻѩħǼͳףȴҲ벻ס
һԵĸ׸Ҳɻ󣬸͸㲻׷ʲô
ʱյĿȻŵ˽һʿ磬ڶԺƾƵϣתȥڴ˵ʿûпĻ紦Ŀǻǵѩβ
ʿվеľƱȻ׷յ˼ǵͷǵģͳˡ
Ҹǻǵĵһʿ޵˾ʿٴѯʣ򶨣ѩħǼЧҵĶ󣿡
ǵģͳˡʿԥһ£ȴܼᶨҸľλǹ׷ġ
˵ͷûȥĿתǰӵұһװϣûмǴӦýɣɡ
˲죬׷ΪʲôгԼ֣˫ſеŮˣǰһ΢΢ǵģͳˡ
֮ǰӦͶͳ£Ϊػļ籼ǡͶͳ˵Ѿﵽ˴սʿʵ
Ŷɣ⣬漴ִͷȥǵģˡ
һԵ׼ЩԻѾ϶ԼĹ۵㣬ϲɵ¶Цݣ̲סһ˵ĺ󱳣˷ܵˣ״ʲôʱȥģȻѾ£ôģΪʲôң
үӦòġԴɻԴӺƽԭ֪ͨЩŮص۶ʱ˾֪ԼѾʧȥ˳š
ֻǣҲ֪Լʲôʱģ˿̿ջվԼǰûбǵԼȥҴѩħǼİߣ̲סȥ룬ǲǸûҪԼǸַȥǰȥɱķոǺ˼ٰ磬Ͷַ磬ѩħǼڲļ
ڵյʬ壬ʱ벻ԭ
׼һ⻰ʱЩɻ󣬸ʲôʱһԵĸ׸оƺЩԾɵð׼ֱһ£ָָգְķ彣ϡ
׼˳ſȥͿصĵͷٴת׼һ˴ʱϽڵŶͳ죬ĽôѣҲӦò³ҵݣܸܲңôĿʲôأ
˵ţߵߣ˵ãǿɭĶ׼Գҡ
˻һƹеһֱòնԻ΢΢üͷȻҲ㲻⵽ʲô˼ڷն˴˿ҲվƹкܶĿⲻȥȴǲɫѹһƣʾЩĿ԰ꡣ
ڷմʮˣʱ׼ڣѾѷڽϵ˻ȥΪǷյѡ
׸ڽϵֻ֣˿̲ҲЩԥ
йâһע׼Ӻȴûлش𣬶ǳɢһԣһһںơƵ˿ȥٴοڵʿû뵽Ҳ
Ⱦһ£ԣڷǰѩħͼķϣǷ˾ƱվصŶͳˣϵô
ǵġͷѵǰһ뿪ֵʱĸǶͳɻһѾԻ
˵ţյࣺʿʼֽɺã
Ŷ죡ã´˷һһ¾Ͳ³˷յݣȴ׷Ϊʲôһף뵽ܿΪ߷ݣʱӣȻǶͳܺáˡϣлٴδݹ١
һĳƺþƹڵ˷׷ɡ
ջһȦڳ˵ĿⶼѾеԼߣ΢΢ſһͷſڱȥ
һյĶ⣬æ̧һֻ֣ɫһơ
˲䣬ԭͶЩĿվվԭص׼˻ذΧȥմʮӶǸɼѾߵűߣҲƿеŮˣһַڽϣҲ׼˰Χȥ
ЩŮ˼Ȼ㲻׷ʲôҲʶһЩæ˺˵˾ƹݵĽ
׼ʱҲ˲Ծĵطæ˵׸˵ߣΧԼΧˣ̧ͷһۣȻŤͷ׸׳ʲô飿
׸δüڻشߵűߣھƹſڣŶû˵ķͣõķվѾתֻǣ˿תѾ˹ס
˲任ףһ¾þƹ˾ȵʧ˳ֻиǶͳĵܵ¶ȶ˷ܵɫ
մʮӶǸɣʱ
ˡ׼и׸϶Ѿˡ
򲻹˾Ŀ⣬һסһָ̧׼˸
ˣ˼壬мǸһǿɭĶ׼ǹ˲ֹһܹ˼͵Ϯңһʱ䣬ŸλҲᵽ˼ĸɧšȻҳҾѩħǼӽݴѩħǹˣһˣһ˻֣ѩħǹ˻䣡
ϡ
£ձνңָˣŨİɫ
һγǸȾΧһ㣬û˿˵һ̡
ϡ
彣еĽͬʱס˵·ڵһȦ֮޲ҫɫĹâ
һȦΧǵĿƹӿŶ׺֮ǰûʲôĿڷİϣһҧر۾


ھʮ 
׼ڷͬʱַɹͻƵż۷Ѿȥʮʱ䡣
Ե۶Ϊ㣬ֵȷҪȼԭԶһЩַڵٶȣڵʮҲѾľʡ
ľʡκι壬ΪϷδ־Ӷ࣬곱ʪ˿ҲȽϡ١
ܶطѾΪҰַʱվһҰĸϣԶԶϷȥ
ǰԶһïַ֣ܵΪżϻ֣ûκδһֱͱϵķߵҲǳϡ
۳ֿȥĿҲߡأֵַľͷֻͨи߶ȴͬľǿֱĵνӽƽĵطҲܶ࣬ͷԭҲ˵һµĵΡ
ֻǣַΨһĵľʧ
Ͼһ֣޷̫ͨϷ򣬵˿ַ̣翴ֵĶӳĸ㣬·˴㣬һȷ÷ٳ˽ȥ
һȥַŷֵ·ߵĳ̶ȱĻҪأΪո¹Եʣ治ŢҲر𻬣ңǰи·ïܵҶڸǡ
ȻַȫͲõֻǱ·ֲﻮˣֲȫſٶǰĸоַЩˬ
ǣԭͣƬ̣罣ַС
ֻǣĵ罣ѾϵɫеĹâҲѾȫϸȥֻܿһɹɹ⻪ҪǲϸȥĻֻܿóһͨĿб⽣
֮ǰ硢ףɫĵ罣ַûöΪ֣Դӵ罣֮󣬾ǲöҲƽ޹ʵʧˡ
ʱַҲЩ֣ǺãǸ罣ܶйء
룬ҪһŰֽ˺ƬȻ˫ְһ׳ȥǵֽ֮󣬾ûдﵽ֧ĳ̶ȣҲɢһء
ǣҪЩֽˮһ£ɵֽСӳȥغҲɼ룬֮ǰһɢһء
ַĵ罣֮ǰٵ󵽱һǾ˴ѹڽɫڱƽ֮ں϶ɵģȻû֮ǰһѹɱ𱾾޵УȻʱںһǸͲѹôˣ
٣еĵ罣ַ綼ɫĵ罣ȴоһЩ
ֻ൱һὣַ˵ԿԺԲơ
ȻʵǲַͬһͲö֪ˡ
ȫɫϵĵ罣ַҲһܰ֡ѡ
Ϊ֣Ѳʲô壬ըǵڳɹﵽż۷ĵڶҹһֻ͵ǡ
ǸʱڻָǾͻȻӲݴдܳ
ûаѷ磬ַÿָʱܻһ˿̽ΧȻҲһֱͨĶǸе£⳯ǻȥͷֻڴѵĵһʱ䣬ֱӱը⣡
Ѫ൱ɣɢڲݴԸ
ոһͷǻۼ͵Ķ
ַҵʱȻѾںϣȴȻڻ𡢱ԼתֻҪʹ׵ʱ򣬻ҪĶ
ַеֵǣԭΪںϳɱ֮󣬾Ѿںϵ˶壬ȴ벻ںϳɱ֮ŷ֣һƺֻһʼ
Ȼű𣬶ȻҪټںϱ֮еıֻԺںϣǽڱ֮ϵģңڱγ֮ÿÿںϵʱ򣬶ĴĵҺгĵܣÿδѣܸоѱըƺǿһЩ
⼸ַ֣ҲûţѺǰٴȫֱֱϵķٳȥ
бѵǰ棬ַͲõǰκˡ
ֻһһ֮űըһЩϸľֻһЩһ˸ߵʯ͵Ļܣ˸ߴ׳Ĵ⣬ȫըƬ
ڸߴ׳ľűըҲһɳ죬ڵ׻ʲôطֻʲôСַͲö֪ˡ
ַһС֣һ·ϣƻľֱʤΪٶ̫죬һֻ͵Է۵ϹӸʱֱӱѺ
ֻعͷȥٿʱ׼ҲɵñԼƻľһ
ֻ߹һ·ѾһƬǽ壬ľᣬһƬԱֱվľγĶԱȡ
ַҲֻһۣ޹ʼ󣬱˱ѣϹԭҰȥ


ھʮ ܷˣ
ַ˺ءƽԭ
·һЩСׯһ·ϣַǰٶȣֻû˵ʱżȫ·˶ĵطͣһ£ǵȥĥ˼״
Ͼڵ۶ʱɾͿ˴Ųȥ龰Ǵź֪ͨ˼˽׼սԤˡ
Ȼͨ˵ĿﻹǺһЩõϢһƽԭľڣַѾܵһսǰĽء
ûеʱַԶԶ˳ſ˼˽̲飬ҺãӴæ·ַϵ·ҲûüϴڴǸ֮ԵЩãسǵʿֱӾͰַ統һǵû˵ʿɵİŽ˳С
һǳأ߲˶ãܿһӶӿ·и̷ȻͣæµıУҲһա
ַûдϢҹٵʱסһùЩǣǵĳУȻҲʱԵĽ
ҹʱʹϴһ裬Ȼһɾͨ·ر˷ڵħƣߵǰһ϶ĳ濴ȥ
Ȼҹܵ谭ƾԶʱͲ·ŲͲѲ³Ǻεɭϡ
һַ̲סֵľѾʲôٽҹٵҲûκô˺һûʲôϢַ͹˴ӣصϽ״̬
ڶһ磬ʱһַѾù߳Ϸȥ
֮һ·гжżܵ룬ַҲ֪϶Ϊ˷ֹԼ롣
һﻹͳӣΪֵľƵˡ
Ҫ֪˼ĹϵٺãҲŴӳ۳˼أ˼˵һֺơ
Ҫ˼أҲҪ˼˽ලǺ
ַ翴峵ӣΧûһ˼˽ң˽⣬ƽԭ༫ԶҪ˵·ʵھ̫ǿˡ
ַ練Ŀ˺ܾãҲֻǵһֿܣǾǡˣ
ֻˣ˽˼ϳȥ˼˽ļල
һ뵽ΨһĿܣַһҲԽԽء
ԭΪԼʮ˵Ĵ̤ƽƽԭֱֵںʶ󣬸һˣԼƽԭѾûеôˡ
Ͼ˼ӵһĵ̣Ҳ֮УѩħǼǸ˼壬ֱڣַҲֻܳ޲λ
޲ص˽Ͳ࣬ȥλϵʿڵʿ֮⣬ܴһЩˣҲûж١
ٿ˼壬ַһ·ѾˣڣַгصͬʱҲֻܰϣڷյˡ
ֻҪܸһЩɫӶŵӶƾЩӶḻ澭飬ʱ˵𵽲á
֮⣬ַ뵽취ֻʥˣֻҪһﵽʥ֮ǺȻаҲη壡
ֻǣƣ˵ʲôʱһеĦͻῪսʱڣԼܴﵽʥô
ַͲȷ

ҺãһĻƻ裬ûн˼޶Ľʱʱ˺ϼҸۡǸϣַ粢û϶ֱͣӾͻصϿļС
ӾϦ£Եøܰ
ͣͻȻַɵãǲԼ۾һʹš
ַݸһЦӵһ£Ľ󣬵֪ϿͳϿķȥ
Űţ͸ŷ쳯濴ȥܿһ̨ӵĴУⶫģַЩ죬ǶȻǿϿӰ
ƿһ߽ȥַ㷢Ͽ굽ĵ£֪оʲôһȫòַ粻ɵʧЦʦôˣôڸ̨
ַȻſڻµϿӶʱһ𣬽ţǵشӵ˳ӣַ翴ϿΡΡӣæǰ֮ԴֵʦʹˣôһϧԼأ
СһˣϿȴûַĻ˰֣Щ˷ָ̨ܵ㿴һμʱѾ൱ˣ
ˣַһϿĻʼûзӦϸһ룬Ӷ˳ʱʹΪ㵵ʦ˵Ѿܷˣ


ھʮ 
˵͵ʱеͶ
ھ˵УѾϰΪַ翴һеЧʵڶ̫ˣ
˵ħᷢһЩҲܴǸкܶճƷƩħƣȫԴơ
ǣֻЩȴԶԶ治˹ҵعҵǸ͵Чܴﵽ磬ַһ·ӱںܶҰȻѨҲպϢ
ΪҪǣһɽзʯͣ
Ȼ绹ԶԶûõʯԴⲢδòϡ
ַҲħֹᷢһЩªľƻЩľƻַȻ޷ƵǻѾһЩطȡħʦͶˡ
ȻЩħʦЩĿĿ϶Ϊˡ͵ѾܴŹҵ𲽿ʼѿˡ
ǰϿķܷĻôʹüֵȵһϵе豸ȻͶ뵽㷺ӦõĻ˵Ľ빤ҵʱ
ЩǰȫҪ¢ԼĻ
ַֻ룬̲סĵЦˡ
ϿȻַ֪뷨ַ⻰Ȼ۹ǿĵַ̨׶ˣԸ⿴š
˵ţǵسβȥ
ַ翴ƺһֿۣϿѾߵ˷βвЩڴ
ϿˮͷһַҲ׶˵ķۡ
ǣ̫ˣϿ㿾˽ӣˮֵı仯ҲǺܴ
ַһвɵø΢΢ʧ
ϿȻûзüͷ˼Ƭ̣Ĭˮͷһϵмħӿ
ֻϿħȶ˵ĻɫʯУһԼȭͷϸĻһ¾ͰϿӳ죬վ׶˵ַ磬ܸоһɹ˴
ԴԴϵĻˮ֣ûĹͿЧˮʹѹҲߣһԵַ翴··һзӦͷʱһæµķۿȥ
Ϳ
šһйȻðһ˿绨
Ȼ˿绨ڵĵֱ΢ַ翴˿绨ðܵĳ̶ȣɱ귢ڴе֪ǿ˶ٱ
βϿһַı飬֪Լǳɹˣæջħٳַ
ͷôʱмħϿûиоκƣΪַϵܣ·ñ֮ǰΪˡ
ȻջħӰ֮ǰˮѾõѹַԱߵʱ򣬷л˸˿˿
Ͽ̲ס˷ַܵһѣħȵĶָŷе˿㵱ĵһģһ
ǰַͷҲ˷д˿ȴЩźҡҡͷϧҵһμʱĵҪһЩ
һ⻰ϿǴ㵵һ£ϵ˷һɨգĬĬ̾˿˵ĲѾĽΣȻÿһεǿȶǣʵ̫ˡ
ַϿеĵ䣬̲סתοʦܳɹķѾǻʱĴˡ
֪Ͽ˵ͷͻȻ˿һתʵһһ뷨һ뷨ʵ̨֣ܵϧƾһˣԸĽˡ
ţַ΢΢ü˼ǣһЩҪͬʱĽô
ǰͬʱеĵطҲźܴȶأҪһḻҹͬɣСҾЩطƺҲٻöһ֡
Ͽε̨ϧȻħʵ˽ľ̫ˡ
Ͽ˵Ͽһ겻ʵģַжʱһѿڶʦǵħİ´ʦô
´ʦϿһ㶣ַΪʲôͻȻתƻ⣬˼һǻصôһ˰ŶҼǵõִħԴ⣬ǺǣǿЦͲ֪Ǵʲôطġ
Ͽ˵ŵͬʱҲЦֻЦȴӿһɸӵɫѾϡʦˣһΪħ˲ٹװͻȻãʵǸʱҲ˼ģ
˵ϿЦ̲ס˫硣
ϿϿǻ飬ַҲܺʱ˵˵ʦѾͽ뵽ҵȥˣˣܰﵽ룬뷨һʵ֡
仰˵ƽ棬䵽ϿĶУȴըһ㣬Ͽһ¾͵Բ۾ʧеʲôȻһʦħҪˣ㡭㡢㵽ʲô취
Ŷʦҿûʲôİ취ַ翴ϿȵģɵЦˣֻǸ֪͸Ҵħ뿪ˡ


ڼ䣬Ͽȶ˲٣ַ˳Է֮࣬Ҳ˰ȥ뷨Ͼδú˼ɾҪսˣϿǼĻַһ˼ɣǰᵽַ֣Ͳȥ˵İȫˡ
Ͽסô꣬еĹҲ﷢ȻǶССӲŨĸ飬ӵĹؾڲԶĸϣǾԲ뿪ط
һԵַ뷨ɵôεĿ⿴ϿĹȻҪϿܸԼĶסһ𣬲Ͽ뿪ĻҲ϶뿪ԣ˿ֻ̾ڴϿ
ǣϣϿַ󣬳Ĭ˰죬ͻȻ̾ϢһСľݵôˣӦó׷ˣȻСһڷչĲǾһ뿪ȥסɡ
˵ţҲº͵ؿȡ
һ㶣Ͼ¶˾ϲַ֮Ҳϲɫ
ǣһϿľԼӵǸȫʱŽռָһͳ
ַ粢ûɹһҹ֮Ͷһ˶̤˸ֵĵ·
ˣַҲģϾһħʦһͨĸˣҲᱻ˼ѩħǼļ
ַҹɫһ·У·ϲûнǣѡһЩûбǵС·


ͬʱ½˵ļԭ
һѩǵĸɽϣվӰ
һͷ׷ֶһֻһ£˫ſ۾ĿС
ţܿ죬ѾƾԼ߷嶥˸ˡ׷ƽȴĿ⡣
һϲ˫ۿʦ壬ҲηϺˣֽҵĿҲڷš
ţΪܸ˵壬Ż˵³塣Ѫߵһͷ˿ɫˣ͵ɣϢˡ
һ⻰ɽϣ׼Ѫ߰Լɽȥ
ɾڴʱѪͻȻüͷһ壬ȻԱķתһ̣֪ΪʲôȻſڡסһ
ʦЩ֣ڸѪ߽ӴоѪ߾һ費ˣٻֽʧ̬ķӦɵúʵôˣ
춯ѪߵԴһء
춯ʱһ֣Ǳߣƺסžɣѵǳʲô𣿡
ǡѪ߶һ£һذըڳ


߾ 


һ ηķ
ڣֹʱ䣬һӽƻʱַʡ׸ͼǡ
˿̣֮ܶۡС
ˣԣȥ׼ۿַԼٶȼһɨһգ֮࣬æһָ
󣬾ͼſһ˹˽
Ըȥ׼һַµ棬˲ˣҾȵӣڶѾˣϵʱٸһ԰ɡ
ֻǡӣ
һʮݲȴ˿̶ѾַĶ̲סһڿˮ߽˻˻֣пһ·ϳ˲ٿడ
Կ൹ûʲôֻǽһµʱ䶼ͬһζĶҲˣַ²ͽһңҲ̸ʲôζ죬һڶԲȥˣһ̲סθ
ĬȻףͬһ·ˡ
˵䣬̧ͷַ磬ת˻⣺ˣھȥϢ֪ͨȥɣܶ˿ɶأ
żַ˿ˮˮһתȸ̸̸ֵĽɣû뵽Ȼأһһ·ϣǸƽԭĽ紦ǿ˲Ħ
ַ˵뿪ϿļҺһ·ϣԽϿĦԽ࣬ԼƽԭĽ紦ʱ֮ܿսݱɶ龰
ҺãûϼսָʾЩСĦԳΪսɡ
ֻˣܿóʡƽԭ֮ӵĹϵˡ
һ⻰ʱһĴȣп಻ˣ֪ǰʱ˼ĦһЩȻ֪жԣҲûĦôء
Ŷַлһ˼ѵ⼸Ĺͱӣǲǳʲô飿
˵ĲΪڼ֮ǰ˹ѺĶӸ׽ˡ˵飬ҲԵ÷ǳΣȻ˼廹û֤֤˾׽ģǣҲûκɡ
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أַûκηϻֱվȥ
һ⻰ԭЩԥƺǻиҪҪַ磬ַѾ߳˴ţҧҧȥ
ڴĴ֮£ַ˵֮ǰһ߽֮Уĳʪζӭ
ˣ˹Ҳ֪Լ˹ڻ֮Լؽ˵ΣڣЩȻȣҲûֳʲôָָǰԶһηһ䣬ÿ춼׼ʱ˹ʢ͡
ţ֪ˡַ˵ͷʾףһ£˵ҰɣˣʱȲҪһϢ֪ͨȥ
ǡӦָָǼη˹ĺĶԼѾѺǼηǼηģ˹ʮǿ֮еǷǵҪԼţҲø˹һЩӡ
סַ翴˿Ǽηǿܿ˴Ĵη˰֣ˣȥŰɡ
ǡû˵ʲôһ֮󣬾ͺ߳η
ַʱҲѾߵ˷յηǰ档
ղ·ϵʱ򣬴ѾѾķԸһЩִ˻ӦɫӶŵЩӶǸɣֻǣַû뵽ǣվȻôܰЩ˸ˡ
֮⣬ַ绹ѯ˰ݺ´ʦԼȶĸӵĽ֪ЩƽַҲǷġ
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ַҲ֪˿̵ЩҲûôٴγηͷǼη˿һַۣȰЩԺ˴˷յη
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һͨηһԵĵϻڷһ˵Ŀ죬ַֻһۣ֪Щȷûпʲô
մ˿ʯϱţηķŴ򿪣ΪǴѯԼˣ붼û룬û˫ֱۣӵ˵ˣ㲻Ҫˣȹ˻һԽ͵ġ
գҡַηţֱӽгı
һ⻰Ѿõʱһæ˫ۣǾϲĿַһۣţȴָһɫǸˣҸ鷳ˡ
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˵ţַ绰һתǣҪǰ˵Ҳûй˼㲻öκι˼ɣ˵ᣬҲܻܿ׽
ַ֪ڰοԼǿЦЦûκԼǸСƹзȫַ硣
˵󣬷̾˿ǸʱҲ׽ݿ¾ͻᴫĶˣֻǰɱĻ˼Ҳ˷սɡ
˵ţȻһȥҲֻĵذ׽ˣȻҲ˼巢սɣûг֤ݣҲֻССһ޹ʶǷս۹ҲŹǡ
š˵ĲַյĽһȷ޷ͣҵȻҲ㡣ֻǣ˵ʱƹܶ˿ɶǴȥģôѵʱһģ
һַѯ⣬յϵʱһȻҲַѯ£µͷǲɵַ֧֧񣬶Щ
ַһѿ΢΢˫ۣգӡɲŤŤ˰
ַвͷ˼ʱһ飬ʹĴϢһڣ̧֮ͷ̾ϢһмԵΣΪĺܲʡ
˵ַϸɻ󣬷̲ס˾䣺ʵ֮һͰԼؽηԭڴϡ


ڶ η
ַĿ⵱һգңºǼȫɱˣ
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ŶַɫźһЩ˵˵
ҧҧһ˵ȥȻҰѺĶץˣǵȻǸСƹˣԣǱһͬһص֡ʼʱһֱһЩǮˮʹͷסǵֻ֪ܷͣסһʱصͼǵʱǱҪͶһ
ַ羲ţûв졣
ǣΪĶϣҲҹʱȥǶԲߣֻڻٸϻͼǵĵһʱҵ˿Ͷһ£Ҫߴʵ顣
յϸһΣǣΪҪҴһܣ
Ͷˡַ˵ͷֱ
˵ţַ΢΢һԣ֮˽ôֲһʱûп
ǸˡղصͷҴĵֿţЩһˣҲҴĵֵļ֮£ұ֤Ǿûܵκ˺ܶһ㣬ûзǣҾãĻӦþͻˡ
ַû˵ţ˼ɫ
ռַ粻˵ΪˣæˣҾͷˣΪѣҷµĹһһеҴЩֶҵſͶǵġ
ˣ˵ˡִַϣվʵܿܲɡ
˵ţȷտڵʱַͳȥ
ûַ˼ɵһͷˮַѾηţæ׷ȥַ߳η
ַη߳ûκγɣֱηȥһ·Ҳûڡ
ռַ粻˵εӰҲҿڣ˾һ·ߵηľͷ
ηˣһ塰˹ףͽʱַȻûлѩħǹƷ˿һĹַ棬Ҳ³ַݡ
Ȼַһ߽ķնʱܵˣҵֵܡ
˵ţָ˽ܵλѩħǹˡ
֮ǰַյ˽Ͷ˵ľٶ˴˿̲Ľţַ΢΢һ˾Ȼûȿڡ
ˣҴηĴŰɡַҲö˵ʲôֱӽ⡣
ǣʱͻȻһۣһǰˣʵηֻǸĶӣΪ˷ֹܣѾ뿪ˡ
˵˿ַϸһ˿ɻ󣬱̯˫֣Ǹ׼СھӪֻ
Ŷַ粻Щ⣬ͷա
ȻҲɫһͲ֪⵽ô¡
˿ŷҪŭЩ޹Ľ͵Ǹͷڽη֮ǵֲžģΪһһΡ
˵һʼ磺ҺãܵĲ졣
ţ֪ˡַܺʱ˵Ŀ˿ڣη̧һͷηŰɡ
һȷ˵æͳԿףһ¡¡죬ηĴű򿪵ͬʱַҲ
ûκԥַŷŲ˽ȥͿη촰ϵ޲ĺۼ֮ǰ׼Ӧþͨ촰ܵġ
ʱ˺͸׸϶ųصֽĬĬԵĲʯϣַףͨĳֽ˵ûκôһܵĻᣬ˺׾ܳϡ
һַͷս˲֮Уʱѿڶˡ
һԵĸ׸˵ĳƺɫ䣬һվŭĴѩħǹˣѵԴ²һʿɲͨ
˵ţȫɫȫתصֽءͱĶϣȻǰٳַǹŭǿңƺҪַһս
ɾʱҲæһקס׸񣬴׸£׷ˣѩħǹڣҿһܵĻᶼûС
˵ţ֮дǸ⣺Ǹ֮ǰ˸˹
һ⻰׸ʱסˡ


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ַͷյע£׸ʧصͷڨڨ߻صʯϣһƨȥ
ͬĺ󱳣漴Ťͷ˷һַֿۣ磬֮˵ĸӣѩħǹˣ˹ٰҵĺܸ
˵ţЩʵĴͷţٶ̧Ŀǣȴ벻ףΪʲô֪ҡ׼үʡؽ紦ǸСϵľƹгأ
仰£һԵĸ׸ûκηӦȻҲѾ϶˵Ĺ۵㣬ַķȴ˲Ȼ
ַƽŲһ½µĲӣס˷յı飬һۣȷ˲ûע⵽յı飬΢΢ŤͷյҵĽ˵ܸܿͲڿƺǲ¶ˣҲòȥκεˡ
ǣˡվ֮࣬ҲһҲû뵽˾ȻûлԼķգԼǼٰķգȻϣʵȴ֮С
ֻǣֵĶԻ˵ףﲻ֪ΪʲôͻȻһ꣬һˣȻԸشҵ⣬ܷңҸ׸ʿʲôüֵ
⻰ַյɫѾƽŤ˻߹ȥЩɢʲôʱɱô
Ȼ׸ͻȻ̧ͷ˵һ˵ȥȻѾû˷ŵŭŲˣҪ׽׼үѾıҪôû˻ں
˵꣬׸ûֹһ䣺ò֣Ż˼ǣսҲȥ
ŶַЩĿ˸׸һۣ漴ŤŤӣ˵һ˿ܵĻᣬ㶼Ź𣿡
ǵȻ׸̧ͷֱ׳ɱңһлᣬҿ϶ߡ
һԵһξȻûֹ׸˵ȥ
׸񡭡ҿԽ׸ôַûнĻҲûκ˼Եƽ쳣
׸ЩַûߣƺЩ飬һһ£ûֻǸ
ţǺã׸񡣡ַ˵ͷַ֣ûв´ĻӦòϷˡ
׸ɫ˼䣬²ַ⣬ҧҧˡ
ǵģֵǣĿȴһ㶼ˣϷġַ߽˵СϷһȷ˵ƽԭġ
ԣˣ˵һû׸ǻȥһ㣬ͻȻ̧ͷӭַĿ⣺Ҳ֪˵Щʲôôأ
ôַ֮ԱǣûС
˵ţ˸׸һֻۣ˵˼һȻƽԭֳ׼Ļǿ˼ĵλĲͰôűɱ㣬ǲҶƹ¶˼ľأ
£׸ʱɫ䣬ȴǲȻַ˼һϾͻָƽ̹Ȼϵ˹Ȼûһɱңָҿеõκ
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˵ַ翴˿˵ɫ˵϶һ˿죬̲סֵо仰С˵ѡͰλǰѵλֻ˵˵𣿡
ԭ׸ϻɫһַ⻰˵һǰСƿɫһʿηԣл˳ȫ
˵ţһšƿһߣһھͽƿеҺ嵹Լʱ͸оһζţסһȥ
ۿŸ׸ľٶһԵҲסˣӹǰСƿ˵л֮ǰڵ۶һһһ
˵䣬һͷҲƿеҺȥȻûʶеĻҪһüͷ
֮ӵСƿ˵пĻ׸ɫȴһ䣬Ͳ˲Եĵط
ҽŲ˸׸ĺ󳾣һŭŭˡ
ǵģҵȷƭǡַˣҰ˵Ҫ˵Ļֱڽ͵λоһƿȷʲôҩǵĹЧֻܷסڵĶ
ɣ׸һҪվӣȴֻһûгɹվֻ̱ڴϣŭͲʿ֮٣
ǡַһۣźұͲʿ
˵䣬˿ڣַ˵Ҫˣûκô¶ġҺûӦҩǲԱĻᶼʧȥˣңǻһõڣ͵źֻ˵Էģ޷ҧԾҪңҪ־͹һǱȫʬǸʧˡ
˵ţٿ˵ı飬һŤӣյ˹֮ǰ׸ʿٻĻʳø׼ˣ⣬˶ʮСʱ˺ֻҪұ˯һˮҽѣʲôʱ¶һõľ飬Ǿ˯Сʱ
ǣˡչӦһַĿֶһ˿ᶨȻ֮ǰ˿̼˽Ҳ˹Ӷﳤ󣬶ʿ׹Ȼ壬ȴҲмַ֡ƭǵûио޳ܣﻹΪͬ
ַӦͲٶ˵תȥûȴͻȻת˹˴صһηȥ
õģˡٴӦ㳯ȥһҩЧշ֫ĿҲЩ͵ĸ׸һץ̯ͬʯϵˣ͸ַһ߳η
ڰ˶һη󣬷ձԳȥַķԸַҲ߳ȥȴæĽסѩħǹˣ֪׸ʿһǣҶ˵ûκôΪʲôֱɱңҪ裡
ȴǷŭַһ⻰תۣҲɱΪһȥڣս֮󡣡
ɱңƴȫΪʲô
ַûнֻͣٴε˵һ䣺İɣû˻㣬ȻηҲԲܵκ衣
˵䣬ֱַӵͷǰȥ
ɵߵηǰηĴҪȥʱηڳĬһͻȻ˵һ䣺ңǲǵСǸַ磿
СɻַĶС
ַһ⻰Ȼתӡ


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˿ַת϶Լе뷨ЦǵԳǺǣҾ֪ڵ۶ʱûɱҿ϶ڵľϡ
˵Ĳַ˿Ҳͷ̹Ȼϣ˵һ䣺һûɱ㣬Ϊһǵ֮䶨µǸʮ֮ڡ
˵ʱסˡ
ûǴĻһʱ䡣ַ翴Ŀⲻ֪ǸмԸƥС
˵ţַһ˺󣬾Ͳηڶһſ˳ȥֻʣһƵĹ
ַкԶһηţõĴ󣬱㳯ηͷԼ߹ķӭȥ
ˡմʱϴ֮ɫһַ񣬺ҲһͬͷȥţȻȻҲܿˡҷµĹֻһһ˳е
⻰ȻָͶӿͶµЩ飬ַ绹û˵˶ʱżˣһ˵ˣҵ⣬ҪͷͳͷҰɣ
ˣҪͬĻͷҲȡ취ģһӵ
һ˴ʱҲżˣˣͷǱǱƵģ
һһֱóƵĵһӾͻԾˣҪֱ
ˣַʱһһ˶һ¾ͱըĸ˵Ķ
ͷһ𣬲һű͡
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˵ţַתߣɷյ𣺡ʲʲôˣô
㣿Цˡַתεȫս˵ʲôʱͻᱬ֮ʣҴҪӱô
նʱ
ַļĿ⿴ˣƽң¶ôҳϣҪ洦㣬ǵģ
˿̣Ҳסˡ
ַҡҡͷ̾˿ɣ
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ɾʱ֮УһȻڴ󺰵ˣĲͷ𣿡
ߣַһһ£ٶת˿ȥ²Ϊ
仰ַ粻ȶԷش𣬱ͼȥûĹ򣬾˸ϲǰڵٴδ󺰣̲֮סЩ˷ܣˣллĿˡδսϣһȫԸģ
ַûлش𣬽µĲҲûκͣ١

һ߳ſڣַͿȴõĴһַæӭǰȥˡ
ʶȤֻǺַһûյ飬ַ絹û⣬˵ˣ˹´ˣȫֻǸᣬҲٵˡ
ǡӦһױӣûټ׷ȥ
ַ糯ۡķ˻֣һţһһˣǻȥɣҵý˶һЩˮʹʹϴһˮǲ̹
˵ţͷһ۸ĴֶԸһ䣺ˣһϢԸȥɣšһ͵磬Ϊ´ʦͱȶĸϴӳˣȰݺʱپٰһ
ǣ˵ַϲû¶κ֮ɫüͷӽΪΪδսɵļЦɵ㣬˼Ҳÿʱÿ̶ȥİ
ˡȴҡͷڵһ飬˼ɵвҸ˾в̶ȿҪĶˡ
Ŷһ⻰ַҲ˫üָĵʲô·㲻Ǹÿڶܺõ𣿡
ǵģˣǡ鴦õĻ˵ĺӾͶͷˡ
г˳֮⣬һַɫæ͵ʵջʱҾ˵ˣֻǸʱæ˹ͳ죬Ҳûü
׳ʲô飿ַеһڴϡ
̾һ˵⣺˵ĳӡ´ʦԼȶĸǻû֮ǰһλʥǿңһֽңҵ󣬾ֽϵĵַǰȥ
˵һȥĻͻڸɱһϵܵˣڻ컹ȥͲٸλڰϵʥǿӣǸȫɱ
ⷬϿңȻŲɣַȴǽüͷɵɲ仰ͻᱻס˰
Ȼˡǣۿзʵ˵ˣҲûмħʦڼʱһϵħʦӸ߿շɹļǵãɹʱ򣬿ǴһǿĿ磡
ַ粻Լæٵļ͵ǣʱȴ΢綼ûУңڱȶĸֳ֮һΣ֪Ϊʲôû˵ַ뿪ˣˣɶ


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Ŵⷬݣַ绹ЩţϾܶħǿħʦʹ÷ʱҲܺܺõȥƷԪأԱڽʡħԼǿԼķٶȡ
Ȼʵ㲻ϸǿСϾַͰʱʹõԦܽһ㡣
ʱַҲֻ΢棬ɲûио̫ǿ˵ħƿǲġ
ԣֻЩַš
ַҲ״Ǻ⣬һڲĹ۵㣬ֻһ䣺˵Ǹʥǿ߽ʲô
˵ַ仰һ¾͵ص㣬ϾʥǿҲôָ࣬ͷĹңַҲǵõʲôʥǿߣҪǵ˵ĻԷһָɱԼֺαָһֽԼȥ
Ȼһַ⣬һ£˳ǣû¡
˵䣬ַ¶Σһתǣˣʥǿߣֽ֮⣬
ˣַδϣҲ֪ôʥǿߵģǣҿԸ㣬ܶϵħʦʩչʱҲ˵Ǹˮƽ
ҿܿ˼̽ǵϸħʦĿ޷ǾȥȻ󷴹вǣϣѩħǼֱӱȽ壬Ȼöһһˡ
ˣ˵𣿡ĵַĻļ˵
ȻûַĹ۵㣬ַֻı֪ǲԼԵ˵ͷ˫ֱ۵ðɣ˵
ˣǸ֪ұҪءҲַӣ΢΢һż˵ȥˣǸֽҸ˵ʱɲûпڣȻܶݣȴֱӴԺģ룬Ӧʥǿ߲Żеɣ
ȷǡַһΣҲ¶صɫϸһ룬ȴҡҡͷҲǾԡ
Ǿԣһ㶣ѵʥǿҲֱڱ˵Ժｲ𣿡
ַ˵ͷһƷȻ֪ôƳģ֪ʥ֮µֻҪ£ڱ˵ԺֱӽΪֹһεԷڱѧԺʱĽ
ַô˵Ҳ̲סԼ֮ǰˣɵԭأͷϸš
ַ翴ģ̲סһ£ЦһֱһˣЩȷ˽⣬ûЩĻҲᱻԷסԣһжҲ㡣
˵ڴһЩУַ粻⳯濴һۣЩ΢죬Լ֮ǰĽ׺ܿǷմڶԸ׸ƹҲû⣬Դ˵ϾʥǿߣòŽǸֽȥָĵصΪҸûз
ַô˵ҲúеǱ˵һ㣬ص̾˿ϧȥ̽Ǽ˰װ
ǼһЩɡַҲ̾Ϣһǰ˻֣ˣٿˣǻȥɣǵ˷ԸȥһϢ
ʱַѾȫŴ˵ʥǿˣڶԷ˵Ŀڰϵʥǿߵϣַȫ͵ԷڳϾԷȻܸ㵽֪ڰϵ䲨Ҳ֡
ңʥǿҪԼ鷳òôӡ
ʱַ϶Է˼壬Ȼǵıһʥǿ֧֣ʥǿȻԸ¶棬ҲԸԼΪС
ʥǿĵľԼһڵĺڰϵʥǿߡ
ǣַ׼̧קŴ뿪ʱͻȻоһɼǿľԼ
һ˲䣬ַɫȻ䣡
ţӦʱ򣬾͸оһɿռ֮˲䣬վڵſڵûüһĹ򣬶ʱͱһ룡
ѪࡢԽķɳİʬҲ˲ͨһ˵ϡ
ǣռ֮ȴûʧֱ˹ȥ
ԣûзӦĿɿڴվԭأ־֮ɫûֳ
ǧһ֮ʣַӦռ䲨ͬʱҲһѽԭصĴ˳ȥԼҲæ˺󣬾Ϳ⧲ĴڵأԭվĵʱͻһۣȻʱƵ·ȴǱռһǣ
ߣҺʱ̽Ȼһ֪Ѿˡַ𣺡賿֮ǰðֽϵĵַǰңһξͲֹôˡ
쵰㵽˭ʹÿռ֮ɱҵͲĺڰϵʥǿ߷ôַȻ̧ͷһֻûеŭһ
Ȼʥǿ߲ҲףֻҪʥǿʹõĿռһǿȣǾͻʥǿߵע⣬˽ּ𣬻½Ŀռ𶯣Ӷʹ½ÿʥǿ߶ܲ
ԣҲʥǿΪκٻˡ
仰Ļ䣬Ժжʱ֮ǰǸǲǾֻûʲô˵ģ
ͬʱַҲоһɿռ䲨ɫʱֱ䣬ʲôִһ䣺ã賿֮ǰһϵָǸַ
仰˵ȥռ䲨ʧַһţԺоǸһȥǸڰϵʥǿǰȥ㲻ҵңʱͷ֣طѾһƬ桭û㡣
䣬ַվԭֵһûκ󣬱Ȼ̾ϢһصشһԼĶͷ
ŤͷȥͿһȻĶԼ΢΢˿˹ȥ
ʱҲһԶļַܲߵΪߵʱ򣬷նѾ˳ϵİʬ壬ȴһ¾סˣ
ǸַӰѾеĴԵúܸӣû뵽˼һʥǿΪǳ֡
Ȼûдлַ仰Ͼ㵵ı齥ָɻûڵʱվڵſڵķһ߼ĳһߺˣ⵽ôˣղŵ׷ʲô
βסżɫҲѿİʬϣվ׷ֱǱԷһɱģȻҲһнİĳ̶ȣַɱô̵ʱʧȴ
˿ֻ̣оѹһʯͷʡ
ַͷͷ̧ͷԴ͵ʱȴͻȻԶĹսǴͻȻһ硱ʲôƷ䵽˵һ
ţһŮЩŵʧڵ


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˲볯սǴŤͷͿһɷ׵İǾ֣µĵϣһᵹľСӣʢһЩʳ˿ȴһɢ˵ϡ
ôַüͷ˵һ䣬ǲ⣬ע⵽Լ಻Զĵǰʶʲô̾˿ŷյȥſڵʬ崦һ°ɣٸ͡
ǣˡտ˰ۣû˵ʲôתֳŵǰȥˡ
ʱҲѾӦ˹ȻּΪŮһοѪܵĲʬʬ壬⻹һ
ʱȻѾعͷȴɿֻŵӰ£˵ҲúǾţҡǣ׸ʿ͡
˵ָָϵķӣŸһָȴʶʲôæԼ͡
˵׸񣿡ַ粻Щ죺ûɣ
һԵĴȻѾָ˹ֻ΢΢Űһȴûж˵ʲôȻδģѾѩħǼļҳɲμˡȡ
һַ⻰˫һȴûشַ磬ææҵʰŵϴеĲ;ߣĽţԽżȴԽæң˫Ų;ߣ춼ûгɹŽ
ַЩȥߵߣץס֣;߷Žһ̣Ըо˰ϸ۵ֱһ¾ͱýӲ
ַûж˵ʲôʰϵĲ;֮󣬱æվһ䣺ղûǸ׸Ͳͣ
ǡǡͷЩַĿ⣬˵䣬ַᣬæһ䣺׸ʿǸĹʽΪ㻹ûлȻȻĻ϶׸ʿͲ͵ġ
ʽŶ찡ֵַֹһоͲ֮ζˡ
ʶʲôȻ̧ͷż㲻Ϊѵģġ
ŶǸһʼ治֪Һûɱַ΢΢̾˿Ʋ˰һۣûʲôΪѵģɱɱûжԭҵȷǴɱȻθǹʽǾһɡ
˵䣬ֵͷΪղŷַҲû˼СϼģӻһӣڰеСϣóλãȥɣͲΥ˼˷Ÿ׸뿪֮⣬ɡ
á֪ǲԸַܾ绹ʲôȻʹĴӦæ߬ԼУӳʱȴԼѾ޷ܾˡ
ͷǰ̧ͷǰʬѾտߣҲ֪ǲþô뿪Щ棬ֻعͷַ⡢ղŷʲô
ַԭѾתȥһתЦһ£ûʲôĵзϸ
Ŷַô˵֪ôȥֻ㶵Ӧһ漴Ťͷȥ
ַͻȻ뵽ʲôæסҪ̧߽εİȵȡ
һ⻰һҲ֪ôģعͷϣȻһ˿Ρ
ַҲ˰ı仯⿴˽ŵһۣĿӣ˵šҪһϢκˣô
˵ֵʱַѾ̧ͷͿϵʧǿЦЦԼõģҲκ˵ȥġ
ллַ˵Ͳٶ˵ظһ΢Ц֮󣬱͹תֱȥ
ĬĬؿӰһۣҲŤͷȥ߽˵
ڰıӰʧڵеͬʱҲѾ첽˻˫ֺͼȫѪȻûüã⻹ߵַǰżˣղŵ׷ʲô
һΣַûεذ˰֣߽ʱ㿪˵֮ǰ飬ԷĴҲޱ˵˳
ĹУ˵ɫѿе˾Ȼ˭ûзڵڵĵط̽СԴַĽȫ˶С
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ˣ׼ô죿һĵĿַ磬̽Ե˵һ䣺Ҫλڰϵʥǿǰȥɣ
ܡȴ˵ַ꣬һڴϣҲͣɴֱ˵ǸڰϵʥǿҸ޷
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ӣӣַԳҡͷңʥǿߣȥ˶ûκãֱǰװ
ҲУҧҧ
ַȴһھܾУҲѵ˾𣿡
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նʱ
ַûĬƬ̣㳯ͷĬ˼Ĵȥ뵽ʲôð취𣿡
Ǹˡ̧ͷǸҡͷԾκμı¶ôˡ
ˣˣַ̾һɴ˵ֽңҿ˵ĵطھͶԳ
ôУԷʥǿ߰Ҳżˡ
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ǡ̲סץסַĸ첲
ַȴһڴϣͬʱ˦ˣûеǣĿңץһȥҲǲѩħǼ幥ƽԭҲҲ룬ԷӦþĿģ϶Ҳ֪ҸĹϵҲǲɱҵġ
ַⷬȻͷջȰ⣬һʱȴҲ벻ɡ
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ˣҽȥЩ̣æһ䡣
ַȴûлͷֻһ仰˻ˣĿ̫׾ܶˡ

ַߺ󣬴һۣȴ˭ûڣ˼ͬʱ̾˿ճԶȥ˵ȥ
仰ȴӦ㾶ֱ뿪
վԭƬ̣εҡҡͷٴ̾Ϣһ㳯෴ķȥˡ
뿪úһӰٴӵ˳̫Ѿɽɫ谵ѿӰģȴֱԶһ䣬ӽ֮ǰַ綪µǸֽ
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¹ȴ䣬ַվһСϣԶСȥ
СǸֽϼ¼ĵַʡ׸ͼǲԶڵλýΪƫƧϴԲûӦϵ£ԵԶͼȥҲá
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ϾǸʥǿҪץĻòô鷳ܶۡʱѾˡ
ԣַʱûǸʥǿ߻СϣֻΪСȫ˼ǿߡ
һ׼˼ԼӶǸʥǿһźţֻҪʥǿߵ֪ԼѾ˼뿪֮һоͶðˣ
һеǰǣҪгʵܣ
Ȼַĵ罣Ѿ˱ѵĳ̶ȣɼԦвͬ壬ȴԶͬģ磬֮ǰǸʱͨľʯҪĵĶԺԣǣֻܵʱַȴԸоĵӡ
ƣԼһܿɱ˶ٴսʿ
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Ŀǿżħ֩ľ綾綾ջ޷κǰֻ΢΢һǵĵɫҺ壬ָܵ˸ʴԵʹ
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ǣʱ򣬾ͺȻһ֮ǰ˵ĹŹֺֻһΣڶ𣡣


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ܣֻó̶ȲͬɥʬӰذΧȥ


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仰˵״ΣȻмΪţַһ⻰ǳ˳飬ȴûпڣĿҲٴɨΧѰһ·ߡ
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ҡҡΪַڳЦԼæ̧ͷ򶨵Ҳµģ
˵ţͻȻӿһĪַشּᶨļ˵ȥҲڵģ
⻰ַʱоͷһʶͷȥͿŮȻɫɷףȴ쳣ᶨᶨ֮УһȣַЩӡ
ܿĿ⣬ٴγΧɨӣװĵĺĵɵˣҪһȥôν

һ¾סˣǰĵףһ¾ӿһŨŨʧ䡣
شԴַ첲˫ȴǲķſֻԼ૵һҡֻΪ˸罻𣿡
ַȻû仰֪ǲǱЩٶŵķоؿھǱһסһۿŵڻûҳһʺߵ·ߣʱһᣬ΢΢˶󺰵ǲǶ
仰һ¾ԶԶ˳ȥһЩɥʬΪУһ¾̧Դ˹
ַһеʧʱѹȥ̲סֱֱַۣЩĵ˵㡢ǲǸûߵϣ𣿡
㲻֪Щɥʬر»𡣡ַ΢΢ҡҡͷûٶ˵ӿռָȡһŸ߼ϵħ׼ɥʬΧһ֮ܶӳȥ
ԭʹħᣬϾһӳȥȼܶɥʬĻСҲճɻҽԭºоһЩɥʬʲôڣٲŻĻ˶ӳȥˡ
ֻǣɥʬ볯ַΧ£ܶԽԽʱַһ¾üͷȴѸȡħӻ˿ռָ


ʮ ɥʬ
ϵħᣬַɻôְѽ
ַû˵ĸܡ
ЩĿַһۣΧѾһЩɥʬ˷ӣԥ̲סеĿ־壬Ƕһ䣺ǲǲ»ѽ
ַеĿ־壬΢΢˿ҸоЩԡȱ˵ϸоһ¡
ŶԲ𡣡СӦһ䣬ĿȴһֻϷɥʬϣʱͱЩĲɣʶر㳯ַֿ˿ӣۿɥʬһԼֻоԼͿҪˡ
һַ磬ȴҾֻܽһ߹ɥʬַϡ
ַʱѾ۾ΪΧɥʬ֮ǰܼ࣬оһаڿУʱ˫ȫעɢɨÿһֻɥʬַ綼ԵĴÿһֻɥʬϸܵһ΢а
˵аַ缫ΪϤֻǣÿһֻɥʬаʵ̫ˣַɢĻͲ
ҲΪһȺʬһɥʬɢаһƬŨŻ׼ӳħʱĸоˡ
һȷаԼϤַ֣˫ۣͬʱҲ˰ǼѾԼϵĽϴĲ˳ȥѾһֻɥʬ֪ʲôʱͿҪߵ˰ǰ
ֻɥʬѾ˲࣬ͷֲŮȫֻʣ˹ǼܣǼȴֳһɫ
ۿֻɥʬ밬мľ룬Ѿ˫˿ԿԵȴ޶ԣַʱʶʲô΢ᣬҲͬʱӿռָȡӲһѽԼı󣬺ӲҲһֻɥʬȥ
ء
ӲڽӴɥʬ˲䶷ֻһֻɥʬһ±Ӳ˳ȥ
ַûȥָָղűԼȥɥʬ̾˿𣿸ղֻѾøòɥʬһȥȻһͷûϣǺڰϵʥ鷨ʦҲٻôӲá
ǡڸôءűɳȥɥʬȻһлЩң䣬ʲôæʵղڸоʲôѽѵĲ»𣿡
˵仰ʱ򣬰ĿҲַĺӲϣȻ֮ǰ˵Ầ£µͷȻڸܺ£־ȴͲ
ַɨһܣûɥʬϷһ΢΢Ų˲밬룬һһڣǱҳЩɥʬˣҸղžڸЩɥʬɢϢǲǸӡеͬ
ˣȻ˺Ǿ䣬ɫȻ²鷨ʦ֮⻹˭ôֲɥʬˡ
˵ţҲоַ룬Լٺ˼룬˶æһ䣺ǵ˭ѽʲô˲ôֲɥʬء
˵󣬰ɥʬһ̲סӣֻϧַûаĿϣһ⻰̾Ϣһ³һƺʦ
ôѽǲһ㣬ʶ˵仰̲סʦֻܰսʿɿ𣿡
ҲʦҲ֪ΪʲôǣȴЩɥʬϸܵʦаҡ˵ַ粻ɨȫɫ鼸ƣӵĴСɥʬһܲٿ˶ɥʬ¾ֻʥʦˡ
˵仰ʱַҲһ䣺ôɥʬܾܿǵ۶԰Щʬ壡
һ뵽ַͲ뵽ĸĸס
ʥʦͷһ䣬Ȼ̧ͷ԰׵ţʦʥ֮𣿡
ȻļսʿʵûУЩҲʦ䱾Уʦ֮ѾǷëˣҪ˵ͻƵʥʦǼǲܵ飡
Ͼ۹ҲŲǧħʦ˳ħħʦյͽܣҲǧˣǧУֻйѾħϯͻƵʥ
ʼǧ֮һ
ٿսʿ½սʿţëʿٷ֮ʮ඼սʿսʿмͻƵʥأ
ʦ㣬½ϿҲᳬλҪǰٷ֮һĽ㣬˭Ҳţ
˵Թϼİˡ
ַûʱ̫࣬Χ۵ԭԽɥʬ˵ͷʥʦ֪ģֻһûȥȻң
ַ仰ԵЩ޷޲ƽµҲСû˼ĸˣǣַ粻ǣʥʦΪʲôֱ׽ԼԼϡ
ֱڣΪʥʦ˼ģַãȻôɥʬǿױˣҲӦڸ
óַ绰ƺһ⣬ʱ򲻷ᣬֻЩĵʵǡɱ𣿡
֪ӦòɣַܲȷȴŬ˵ԼϾҪɱҵĻڸۡʱѾɱˣòŰС
˵䣬ַûκγɣȰڣһתͳģھ԰ҳ


ʮһ Ⱥʬе
ãѽҡЩ¡˵˵ͷΪַҪԼȻȥѰңҧ촽ԴԼٿΧֲɥʬ
漴Ҳſֱַۣȴɽַ磬ǽԽԽĺʾзǵûƽøӽš
ַ΢΢Щ죬žͷӦԼڽ͵İɣһֱᶪġ
˵䣬ûٶ˵ٸסԼ첲Ļᣬ̧˫˫Ʒԣ˶׸£Ҳ֪˼ٺô֣ǣڻĻҰЩȫٵ
仰ԶԶĴ˳ȥĺҹҲΧڷӵ²֪ɥʬԵøӿ꣬ʱʱطָĺ
һΣû¶ֵ飬ɫȻɲ԰ף۵֮ȴǸһ˿ϲ֪ΪַǾ仰ůģΪһ˴еˡ
Ȼַ󺰳ȥĻԵӲʵϣ˿ҲǽţϾԷʥǿߣȻԼʥҲͽһ֮ңˣһ֮ңȴǡϡ롰󡱵Ĳࡣ
ֻڶԷʵַֻʱסеŭȻǿӲҲûڮٵĺݻ
ǣ仰ȥ˺һȴûκλۿŵµķӱɥʬץֱ죬ӲľҲɥʬͱƣַ簴Ͳסٴ׸£賿֮ǰģѾӽ賿Ѿˣȴûг֣ѵССô
˵伤Ļַֹһɢ賿֮ǰĻǾʧԼˣʱҷһѻЩոƨˣɱٻͷȥȻλڰϵʥǿһԹˡ
˵䣬Ҳ˲ʹӿռָͳһħᣬһʱпӳȥģ
һԵİ⻰Щĵַ磬ô˵᲻ᡭ
ǣ仰û˵꣬ʱһ˵Ķֱ𣺡ˣЩСУ˵賿֮ǰû˵һһ
Ȼ仰һھͲְַϷ䣬ַ֪׻ǸڵĺڰϵʥǿĴɻ䣬Էġ
ַȻҲҪЮףĻ󣬵󺰵ã㲻ԸҾȥ㣬ңСĿֻǿЩ
Ȼ£Ȼûش𣬵ȻҲַһѻԼòɥʬյֻǰ겻ɥʬܵʲôˢˢͷԶСɽһʱ䣬ͻȻ
һûС
漴׵ٶ˶𣺡ҵĺǻָɣҲ֪Ϊʲô֪ҽʲô֡
仰˵ƽ˵ַĶУȴһըһ㱬ը
Χгǧɥʬȴһ˿ַЩͷƤ顣
ǿһȴûֱӳСɽȥ˼Ƭ̣ٴκ׸£ֲ֪ϡ棬룬ڼʱһ㵱͵ģ֪һģߵŮֻ󴳵ԣϣܷƽ뿪
⻰һ˵꣬׻ûлػʱЩݣַվһȴûп˵ʲôȻϣԼַܸһ𣬿Ҳ֪ԼֻǸ׸ַһΪԼġ
ʱΧڷµɥʬѾʼжһǵõָһ뿪ΧתСɽķ£ңȻַÿһխСĹ
뿪׵ٶ𣬿ַ⻰ǵûϲüͷû׸£һͨڱ˵ǡ֮ǰлȫǷϻ
Ŷ˼Ļش𡭡ںŮô׵ЩζӵȻ뿪ǡҿɲ֤ܷ߳С֪ҪôຢǷǳ۵һܻһЩ
仰ǡʱϳβȻڹϷŪַ磬ַֻҲȻ֪вԼַɲðڿûоԱ֤Ķ뿪Ǳصô˵һȥˣ
仰һڣ׵ʱ𣺡ɽϵļ˾ǡ
䣬ַ׼ǲЩʧ̾˿Եİ߰ɡ
˵ţһѱ˰һȻɥʬճСȥ
˿ָֻоǻļ䣬һ棬ʵڲΪַ׸ǣѡ֮£ַܸһĪģ͸һ˿ۡ
·һڸȻ㣬٣ܸһ
ڰо뷨ַҪļ򵥵Ķˣ˿һأûСĵΧɥʬǻͻȻԼȻ׸ղ˵ԼȥСɽɲû˵ЩɥʬǲṥԼ
ĲЩɥʬַɵַ֮ЩɥʬȴûзַͰһ㣬Ŀǰ޾ĵҲСɽķȥ
ʱȻѾӽ賿˿׵ĻַȴҲżٸϵСɽ֮󣬽еİڵϣӿռָȡӲһźӲǰһֻǣŰƣԼǰ
ĿһַĻ˿ַ̱ǣ֣ȴҲ֪㣬ֻǻЩΧɥʬ־壬ַı󣬲κεľ롣
Сĵ㣬ǧЩɥʬ㣬ҲȥЩɥʬǵ϶о綾֮ңżħ֩붼硣
Ȼ˵ţַȴûлͷȻСĵɨǰš
ԭͶЩɥʬ־壬ַⷬȻɥʬԼ
һ·ϣСţδйַ絥ദôʱ䣬һΧɥʬȷԼеĽҲ˲١
ɽһȥоͲɵñһС¹ײһԭ԰׵պ˲٣˿̶Щ
ʱ֪ΪʲôоȻðһɵɵͷַǣԼһֱȥǸǶôõһ鰡
Ҳⲻܣֻǣһ̣Ǳ߻һ˿΢Ц
һ˿ֻһ˵ģССҸ΢Ц
ԼžĻ£ַѾ˰ı仯װ֪ŰǺˮֿߵһƬԱȽϿĿյؿڣַͣӡ
ȻЩַΪʲôͻȻַͣǣԼֵֻѾʶʲôʱоһȣֻ֣ͷϵĺˮߵĵԡԲǡ̫ˡ
ˣ˵ˡַϲ˲еĺˮһۿҪӽСɽɽ֮ǰҪһ


ʮ ˾
ȳȥԭյģһַ˵ҪԼȴһ±ϲ
ϲȻ˵ȻʱΧɥʬĻַ絽׻͸Լʲô
ǵãַһ͸һſĺǿźһ·ûȥԣ˳ѾñʱὫů¯Ϻ濾ֱȺŰģַܸܵһ
ڴ֮󣬰ҲѺů¯ȥֱȻãûȥһڣڸ֮רһܷĺӣźŽ˺
ȻǾϵܷ⣬ȻǿźѸøɾǸӰȴɱţֻǣÿʧĺʱܻḡһŨŨʧ䡣
˵ַҪԼڶϲͬʱҲַǧҪٸԼʲôʳˡ
ŵĹҲ̧ͷοַ磬Щڳԣллл֪㡢Ҫʲô
ַܿǻȵĿ⣬ɨΧһȦ˿ӿռָȡһŤͷݸĿԵЩӣ͸㣬Щġ
⡭ذ𣿡û뵽ַ͸Լϴַ˹ǰϸϸ۲
ֻһѳذףͨɫֵǣһַӹʱͷһЩ仯ͿϾȻƮһЩǹ㣬ȥΪλá
ңһּ䣬ѾĲͬоԺоͻȻһЩǰûеĶоΪϤԾʧף
ҹ΢΢𣬴˰ķңǲòλðǹӳ£ȴǱ˫۰׵СǶԳӣһʱ䣬Ȼַ翴Щ
ַ绹δ̧ͣͷȴ÷ַ۶գضԼʱ͸оȫһ˫֮ϹæָϽͷԴǰҲеǰ
һ¾ַعŰ糺ַ粻ɵðԼһ䣬һԼЩҵƽæ͵Ⲣذףһ̽Ϊá
˵ţŽɢǹ㣬ַ˫ۣǽִʦݻ֮ģʥ֮µκ˶ɱֻܷûһѡ
̲סʧһæõݻַ磺ôһѣ̫ˣҡҲ¡
ɵϣַ翴ҪȴֲҪľģ̲סЦһ䣬΢΢ЦҲҪʺʹõˣԭһʹãѾòˡ㿴ղʱûгκһͱòͬˣ˵ʺ㡣
ȴʹҡͷĲôص
ðɡַ̾˿Ƚܿ˰ɣϾյأûκʵ֣ѧԺѧ似Ҳʥ֮µκǿߣ㲻ʹãҲԱ˵е𣿡
ԡѽҾͲˡַô˵ְ˻ȥԴһ£ͻȻ͵̧ͷ뿪ҾͰ㡣
û⡣ַһЦȻһиƣʲôҹ㣬˻ɥʬ㾡һȥʲôҸ㵣ţ
áӵϷ̣鲻Խٴδͷȥ
ַˣҲٷϻɽһۣ㵭˵ˣ߰ɡ
˵ţַ㳯Űһֻ֡
һ£漴æҲһַֻסһֻýǰ
ַǣŰСɽȥ˿ȴȫȻΧ޾ĵɥʬǹ΢ЦǰַıӰɢǹĿ֮µɢȥ
һСɽ£ɽļ˾ַ͸оһž޴ʯͷѹĿһء
Ϊչ˰˱΢ϢһȻַٴǣŰС˳ɽĵ·ǰš
ɽĵ·ϣȻɥʬһ·ɥʬַȴֶĲͬ
ԽߣɥʬʬԽ·ϵʱַ绹ָɥʬ̺һЩⲻЩ죺ѵɥʬҲʹö
ڣһ·ԽԽ̺ŶɥʬַͰɽļ˾֮ǰ


ʮ 
˾СɽɽȻСɽߣɰһ·۵Щȴ߬˿ûзɡ
һ˾֮ǰַɿ˰ǺˮƣҲһҵķңһƽ̹λվȡ
ַعͷͿպ˵ģŵĽһɨգ˿̳ƣ֮⣬Ҳû̫ı仯ֻɽҹĴ֮£ؿڼ䲻ʱﴫĽȴεɢһɱջ
ַŵڿеŮ㣬Ťͷһ΢΢һ̧һָ˾԰ɣŴĹǶôΰ󰡡
վȸţһַ⻰ʱͺ˳ַָķ˹ȥͿǰʮಽԶĵطһΰļ˾˲ʹסˡ
ַȻȰǿһЩҲǿȥԭɽ¿˾ʱû̫ĸоһ˾ĸǰ͸оһˡ
ǰļ˾ʼ׶ΣٸʮףֻжʮңԽϱԽϸǸħܲȥһޣֻǰļ˾ħܲԲΣǡȡĳΣ忴ȥǵݣһȻׯϵơ
յλڼ˾УŵλãһȦԲε彫֧ʴ£ԲѾѷ죬˾ǽҲŲ̶ͬȵѷ죬ѷĿ֮нʮף׵ľ͸ѷ쿴˾ڲ
ֻķõڲȴûаߣҹǿʲô
ɫ֮£ʴļ˾ȥǵԳ¾ɣԵøׯϡ
ſǻʮɥʬȴƻׯϵգҲ֪ǲǶһַ̡
鰡ˡɣȻ˫ֽ汧סǰͷһ䡣
ַҲǱȾһ̾Ϣһ˵˾Ѿ꣬Ҳ֪ʱΪλ齨ġ
˵仰ʱַﻹһû˵꣬ȴȻͦȻٵطѾʼѷ죬ȴҲֱǰΰĽա
뵽һǸƼȴ෴ַ̲סЩп
Ҳ֪֮ǰ𣿡ͻȻֵŤͷַ磬ﻹ̲סһ䣺ΪֻǼ֪֮ǰء
ַ΢΢ͷ̹ȻЦЦ˰ĺһ仰ǰ֮ǰɵģڣϴԵ༸ֻˡ
óַ绰еΣգգ۾΢΢ҡҡͷᰡҲڰԪѽңǼһֱûŷ񰡡
ȥɡַЦЦûнϰĻ˵䣬Գȥ
˵ʲôַѾˣȻ֪ΧɥʬṥԼﻹ̲סЩ£ٶ˵ʲôæַĺ档
һ˾ǰַͱǽ̻ͼסˣԥľͳűǽϵͼȥ
һֻɥʬסһͼַҲûгɣͳӲֻ߽ɥʬ֮ǰأ˵˼ֵܣһá
˵ţ˶һֻɥʬ˹ȥ
ء
һɳֻɥʬһ±㱻ʮһûվȣͨһ˵ϡ
һ£ȴַﶸȻһ
ȻһӲûʹȫΪɥʬ綾ԵʣҲѾʹ˶
˵һµܰһǿ׳ҷɶʮԶڣȻֻֻɥʬʮѣɵַ࿴ۡ
ʱֻɥʬѾӵȴ˫ĿļεߣַȴֻɥʬϸܵŨĶЩɣѵɥʬϵɥʬǿֻΪǵ̺Ŷô
ǲЩɥʬǰӵвͬȼսʿ˵˾ĿסĽ
뵽ַ粻üյĴһۡ
ʱ򣬰ҲѾַߣۼַ糯ֻɥʬȥԼɵҲĿһۣãһʱֻ¹ɥʬ°ŵǸһʱ͸оϻһƬæͷȥƺЩεץסַ¡
ģûµġַΪˣڰοһ䣬Ŀȴǽϵ⸱ͼϡ
ֻͼ̶ֹɣ治̻ɱĸ󣬻̻Ÿ壬ַһࡢˡ˺;ĸǣΧһȦмȼյ𻶿ͼ
ͼеĸǣŶԷƣȻͺܲ䣬ÿһȴ˷ܵЦݣʾ֮ǰûӡ໥ȰķΧ
Ҫǣַע⵽һȦ֮һࡢһˡһ˺һ飬ȴͬ
һСаЦݣȻҲЦɲû¶ݣȥ˵Ĺ죬ңһһŮŮı̻ļΪ欣е֮ǸС࣬˿ȥ·Ƕһ޷ʡ
ѵħ壿ַһԵĵطһ䡣
ԱߵİҲѿͼֻһַ˳ַĿ⿴ȥͼۣȴǲûвԵĵطɻʲôħѽ
Ŷûʲôַҡҡͷ˵˳ͼϷȥͿϿһеһӡ࣬ȴҪ࣬ǰĺܶħС˵һֱһֻųĴ档
ǣֵַǣϿԿ̻һЩƲʣǣƲʵϷȻһģӰӰֻߵճԵЩʵӰ˫ֱ۳温ӣû۾ûбҲûͣ䶼ûУֻһûݵԴ
ȴַоӰһƣȻӭ磬η
һ˲䣬ַͲֵġסһ
ַ粻ģ˳Ŀ⿴ȥһƲϷǸӰϾ͸ֳһȻӣ֪ˣ˾깩һǷ񣡡

һ⻰ַжʱ͸һĸоܵ˰ִʦӰ죬ҲǶԷͳεǸʱЩڰһͬ׽ֻô˵ַ绹Щţʵô֪Ƿ񣿡
ܼѽûκԥżңָƲϵӰǰصʷ鼮ÿһλ鶼оصǡ桯
棿ַһ㶣ûзӦ
һͷѽ㿴ӰϷĵλûκ٣ķһһѽ
ôַͣ绹ЩţͼáӰ׺ܿǱʴˡ˵Լ·ȴɸûһ˵
УԲκα飬Ҳûκ١ַĲ⣬æһ䡣
ַעŷӰ΢΢˵ͷعͷ˵ʲôʱ򣬶߿׵ȴȻ𣺡ڼ˾֮ǰͣĹˣûԸҵİ취ô


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׵һΧɥʬʱͬʱͣеĶַͰһæǰֽŵץסֱַۡ
ɥʬֻǶһָֻ֮޾ĵģŽ
׵ַҲûиеô⣬ֻǣղԼ밬ĶԻ׸ûκιϵöȥԼ̸ġ
ʶһ㣬ַﷴ˲٣΢΢˼Ƭ̣ȷΧɥʬԼ󺰵ûأ⻹û賿ѵż𣿡
£ʱЩĵĵô˵᲻ѽ
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ȻַŸ˵仰׵ͽӴһݵļһΪһᱻͼŭҿôЦ
仰ͬʱַҲɵʼ磬ƺڸ߰ɣ˵ûɣ
ַ³Ļֿⷬ޹ģ̲סꡱһЦ˳ɸЦʶĻһ¾Цݣ̧ͷַ磺ڸôأ
û취ֻܰ˵İ졣ַȻпֵ˼ᱻһ˵ϣǲ̾Ϣһ߰ɣҽȥҪԡ
ʱַﵹҲƽ࣬ʥǿߵľκμıûаôһ·϶û뵽һ취ûѡ֮£̹Ȼ˲١
⻰ȻҲ̾һַĿȴǱøӼᶨˡ
˾ǰַðվһԣƿ˳صʯţһǡĦ𣬼˾ڱչ˵ǰ
ַӿռָһյħƣһ͵ȣһźӲһյħƣʹһɫ֮˱ͳ˽ȥ
ħƵĹâ£ڴģҲչǰֻһԼֻжʮҵĶСȣԷֱŸֶĵֻЩѾµʴ˺ܶ࣬ۿȥûһġ
ȺխҲֻǿ˲磬ȵľͷǼ˾û¹䣬һƬ
ַͰ֪ǰ˾ļ붼סڶ㣬ͬĹڰһ·Ĵֻǹͨͽġ
ַߣǰڰδ֪һмΪ־壬һ볤ȻûԭĿ־岻ٶȻصϣɪɪҲˣеƺЩȡ
ַо˰Ŀ־壬ͣ½Ųİȵȣŵӡ
˵ţȽӲԻ˿ռָħƷڵϣŴԼ˺һ鲼ݸҰϣ׿ۡ
ǸѽЩ⣬ַģǽӹϴһ׿ۡ
ڰַ֮ϵħƼٴεݸٰҲ׿ǵϵһЩ
ŶһΰûзϻȻǲַΪʲôҪôǰַķԸħƲֱϵ׿Һϵ׿ۡ
ַ˦˦ֱۣо׿ۻʵħƵִӿռָȡ˺ӲðħƵֻţһֻ򳯰ȥ£ָҡ
û뵽ַæһжΪԼݴ㵹жʱһůæֵݵַС
ַһǣһֻֽӲǰˣע㣬ʲô鲻Ҫţ㻹á
šشĺˬ죬ص˵ͷѧַҲúԼǰҿɢǹ㣬Сĵؿܡ
ַ粻ٶ˵ǣּǰȥֲָĵطħƵĹȻƬռ䣬оַץס֣оһ㣬ĪģĿ־Ȼּ˺ܶࡣ
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仰˵ĲףַͰЩͷԡ
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ţͿԭ޾ĵʮֻɥʬ˿Ѿ˽
Ҫǣǰ¹⣬ַʮֻɥʬϿ˻ɫĶ
ЩɥʬȻöٶȣַ˿׵˼仰ͬʱһקԼĻУͬʱӲи磬һգۼɥʬȥ


ʮ һһ
˲䣬ֱħƵĹâɥʬ׵ǰĵһֻ־뱧סֱַۣһ˲䣬Ѿ׵пĻֱӳɥʬ˫նȥ
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ַ仰ȻҲǸһѣַͻȻűﵱһ£ǰַָе˫һ̡
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ǹֻɥʬϣҲΧ֮أðеǣǹȥϢԵĻԪֱӾͻٵɥʬһּ
ֻɥʬֳɢ˵ϣʱҪƴȥȴҲˣΪԪػٵһ֣Ѿȫȫʧϡ
仰˵ԪػеʶᱻԵĻ𣬼Ԫһֱֻ̣ӽֻϸ̵̻ٵʧϣԪһĴмһ롣
Ȼûʶû˿ֲǣعʱַѾɹУȻתȫٳŴͷ¥ݳȥ
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ôʱ䣬ɥʬָĺ
ȻַڻɻǱЩĺеЩĻңҲжֻɥʬַıõֺֻҵڿһţͼһ貵ǹ֯һַֻֻĺ·ʵʵ
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ᣬַҲһһֹסҵĲӣ죡
ʱΧһȦѾȼܻ棬һҶ룬Ҳ˲Χĸ̵ԼƤЩʹæڵһʱһֻеֹסַĲӡ
̶һַ̣ɿŰֻ֣ʱԼϣӿռָȡħᣬҲʱͳǰ˳ȥһֻҲûţնֻɥʬ˫ȣпֱ˰ˣСĵ㣬ҪӲȥ
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ַ粻ɵһ£һʱ벻ͨʲôԭ
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׵һַû˷Ѷǰѻеİ˵ˣϢһ°ɡ
˵ţԼһƨ¥һ
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뵽ַʱһԴ󣬲ͷ̫Ѩ
ַͷ۵ģŤͷһۻеɥʬعͷͷɢǹúһ̧ͷǹеҧ´õݹȥͬʱҲַ磬㡭㡢ԼȥɣҾͲһȥˣҡ
˵ɥַԭЩͷۣһ⻰ʹ³Ĵϣֱץϸĸ첲һѽԼߣҲʲô֮ҪһҪҲһô


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ַ仰Ȼֻðͷûκ˼Ϊַãʱ仰ôҲ𲻵κˡ
һʱ͸оһǺܹɵĽ˻ȥԴԴʧΣַ磬֪Ҳûκθ飬Ҳ֪˵仰Ҷ˸ͷûҸ罻ǣĺܱΪǵľﻹںҵģԡԡɲ԰ѸղŵĻظһѽ
֪Ϊʲôһ̣ȺʬΧеĻҲ֪ǰȴֳԵַоЩᣬַⷬĵΪһط
ַ֮һͻȻЩȥ˺еķҲһɨգһʱ䣬оЩյģļȻʧһЩʲôһ
ŤͷŰε̾˿һůЦݣɵϣҪһҪҲһ
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ллӳ˰ĵЦˣЦûһĻЦĵȴִһɵ
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ҡҿɲԡַ鲻ԽٶȴͷȥɲļϿһ
⻰ַûлشȴɿץŰֻ֣ĺӲһ°Դ
⣬ʱ̧ͷɵЦһæԴַļϣ˫ۣǹЦ⡣
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һ̣ЩпϿѧϰĲǻħˮϵħǾͺˣֻҪͷųһмıϵħ˴սʿȼɥʬ֮⣬ɥʬᱻסֻܱһ룬ԼҲɵ¥ݵλˡ
ȻҲͷˮϵħؼǣַСˮ֮⣬ˮϵħһ֪
뵽ַоͶʱӿһɸӵζ
ǡȻ䣬һ
Լǻô׵ĺҪκαϵħöˣȻסĶԽ࣬ĵĵҲԽ󣬵һͨĺð취
ֻǣһʼʱ򣬿ûиԼκ׼ʱ䣬ԼҲû뵽ϡ
ң˵Ĺ˼άַ֪ɥʬ»ȻȻľ뵽˸ȥЩļһһ侲ŶȻת˹ڵص㲻ǣٵƽ㣡
һ뵽ַĶʱǣƺЩȲҪ֤Ŀжȣվȴʶ˫Լļ򣬲æ˷ܵ뵽һð취
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šַ΢һ£ȴûֱ˵ʵ㣬ղöǵǽʱܵ𣿡


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ͶΪմ˵߶Ͳ㱻ֱӶˣʱͶֻվںıԵϣңӵ߼ʵ
ֳȻɱʥ֮µκˣԼģҲûκζ壬ʱַôûЧķʩںչһ˲䣬϶ᱻһ¶
ңַѾż۷壬罣ȻתףʵʵѾ˱ˣַƣչĻķΧ֮ǰ˲٣¾ĳ̶ҲһΡ
ԣַȷĶ԰ûЧܲȡʹ׵İ취ȻĻǻ
ʳ仰ͬʱַҲüΪţŰ˿κηɡ
ȻЩַΪʲôͻȻѯ⣬ϸĻһ£ǹԹ˵ûаɡ
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˵һ¥·ȼյĻ棬Ťͷַ磬ҡҡͷȻȣѾûֿҪڻĸоˡ
Űַⷬ΢˵ͷ֪ԼĶõģȻĻڴǽһ˲䣬ѾˣڣֻѬḶ́ϵ·ȱ½϶ûκȼյĺۼ
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ȴķ֣ɽϵǴɥʬ⣬ȴҲڵһʱͱ׷飬ַȻûиܵǹɾ綾붷ĸо
ֻǣʱ룬ֻɥʬַͿٵ϶㣬ͨ¥ݳȥ
һͬԭͲ󣬺ǽһɥʬ׸УһӽɨȥΧѳһѵɥʬ󣬾ͿһɥʬȻǱһ˲١
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ԼղֻǸоһ΢
ֻиոɻʱַٶȣѾﵽͨ¥ݼ䣬ȵһ㣬һĿνַ֮һ߽¥ݣʱ̲סɵĺһ
»а𾪵ģַ绹δü˵Щʲôʱ򣬿׵ٶ𣺡ַ硭ҵľϲǲٰڶҲԽԽȤˡ


ʮ ӵʶɥʬ
һΣ׵ȻԴϷʣǣ֮ǰȴҲ࣬ȥоƺ⡣
ǸҶûʲôȤַȥǿǷʲô⣬ûкķѶֱӴ溰һ䣬ҲĿǷü䣬һƨ˰ߡ
׻ַͻصʲô뷨ҪֻҪҶȤ㹻ˡšôСǲǶ̫أûϵҸʮӵʱ䣬ҪúõİգҴྪϲ
䣬ַƲƲûٻػ׵ȴٶ𣺡һ䣬Ұĺǿһ㲻ͬˣԸڴﵽĲ֮ǰܵʲô˺ˣڿʼ
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İʶ˫̧ۣ΢΢סǰַûаԥ͵شյħ˳ȥ
һ߻ĵƹ⣬˾Ϳǻɥʬ࣬Ҳɥʬһûд·
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Ͼɲ֪Ĳ㻹ʲôǿɥʬڵȴԼҲ²͸֮󣬿׻ʲôֶϷŪԼ
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ַƬ̣ת԰˵Ȼ㱧ҵĲӣǧҪϵǾøնơһƽܹȥ


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С˲ϨɥʬҲͬʱ̧ͷַ磬ַϿһı顣
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ͼħֱسַȥգ֮Ѿǰ
ַȻԴ˾ֻ֣ǣһ̣ﲻЩ֣ѵνԶ̹ô


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ַȻûע⵽תŰʾ⣬ֳ·ȥһߣַҲһ̾ҸղſɲڿʲôЦֻЩɥʬ׻Ŷǻۡ
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ŮԼǲ̫ǿˣ
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ʼЩãȴһֱţÿַ署ص㣬صĵͷַĻһ˵꣬ϵãҲͬʱʧȡ֮һɼᶨɫ
ַ绹ЩģŰĵģֻó˵һ䣺𣿡
ţҶסˡصͷ
ַգһҲϻֱӵǰСʱʱ䣬ڲûãҳϽһ¡
˵ţٴεͷַ֮ʹӿռָͳһѵרĵıš
˿̸ɴ°ͣ۶գעַ磬һ۾һһ

ʱַưСʱѾ꣬˫ֹͣŤͷ尬˵׼𣿡
һΣûκηϻصĵͷ
漴ٴαַ籧һַֹĲӣһֳö׼ַĺ󷽣°ַļϣԽš
ַ⴦һµʬ壬ӵվ΢΢һħƵȣĲڴȥߵǰһ׼ãǳȥˣ
ܵͷֱַӳֻǿ׳ɥʬλóȥͬʱҲ硣
ٶȣգۼǿ׳ɥʬҲѾħƹâķΧڣֻֻɥʬӦҲ죬ַҲ¶ɫĶ˫־ؽַ
ͬʱҲҫɫӰԼٶȳַΧ£
ǿ׳ɥʬؽַܵٶ൱ڰ˼нսʿһèӶȥеֱӳֻɥʬ˫ȥ
ꡪ
ըͬʱƿɥʬнеʱַ羹ȻоһЩľֻɥʬǿȣͬʱڹâһ̣۽ǵҲѾע⵽ɥʬѾͿҪ嵽Լǰ
Ȼֻǿ׳ɥʬ˫ɱַ˲жϣһַ̣ԥתӭֻɥʬҲٶȻеã
ͼһǹصɥʬ˫ȴҺɽַĽ״ױ۵סһ΢ĆֻɥʬȻҲûţȻѾأҲ̧еؽǹ⵲ȥ
ȻɥʬؽϵĶ͵סԪصǹ⣬ױһǹ飬ǹȻһЩȻɥʬȥ
ͬʱʣµֻɥʬѾӽַ磬һȳַΧҲһַ̣еâһת˲䱻תס
תͬʱַҲȥ˰׵Ķ˲俪˺


ڶʮ ̬
ʱϢΪ˲ɢͬʱַҲ˾󲿷ֶ˰ϡ
һ̣ȥһǹնǿ׳ɥʬؽϣַҲʣֻɥʬģ
ֻ߿ʼһֻɥʬĽСλŮԣģǰ໹㲻һɢ亮ذסڶֻɥʬݵӣģªһ䵶ʣµַֻɨһۣտ˶еģûֱŮʱֻɥʬ̱
ʱ򣬰Ѿǿ׳ɥʬһǹ⽣԰Եɱʥ֮ǿߵĻԪأֻǿ׳ɥʬûпռ䱣ʱͱָ˿⡣
ͬʱַҲתһŮɥʬȥſһ̣˵ֻֻɥʬҲһ˲ĵʮ֮һĵ˿ַѾת磬һűסŮɥʬͷ£
ȻҲûţɿٵĻãͼһǹ⽣䵽һҶɥʬϡ
ꡪ
Ĺâٶ𣬰һɻյĆŮɥʬԴһ·˳ȥ̼䣬ֻŮɥʬ㱻ֱַӴмһΪ
ͬʱĽҲұߵֻɥʬϣǻԪصǹ⽣ûκ͸˱飬ֻɥʬڡ
ʱַ粢ûս밬ɱֻɥʬֱӾֱͨ¥¥ݿȥٶȣ֮ܵ¥ݿڣֻһʱ䣬ʣµֻɥʬϵıѵͼַ׷ȥ
ַûлͷǰȥҲûϳ׷ֻɥʬһǹ⣬ֻж֮УǹûкԶ̣һڿоͶʱɢǴﵽֻɥʬǰǹ⣬Ҳ׵رǶ㿪
ʱַѾܵͨ¥¥ݿڴ˵һ޷ɹУΪѾо¥ݿڴײһռϣ˿Ȼ⿪ǽɳǰȥ˳һѰץˣ
һݣַʱҲѾų˿ռεǽֻڵԵʣַֻȥ˼½ƣʱֻɥʬҲѾ׷˸ǰ
˲䣬ַһ˾͸߸߳󷽵ȥֻɥʬʶ˵ͼæתҪסַ磡
ǣתһɲǣַһο˺˲䣬ֻɥʬһαסַܵĵͬʱҲѾ䵽˵ϡ
ողŵĽⶳٶȣַԼĪŻһʱ䣬һֱӳֻɥʬȥ罣Ȼתһ˲伷ֻɥʬм䣬֮ǰֻݳªɥʬȥ
ͬʱҲһֻɥʬػ
ꡪ
һֻɥʬͷƳǹ⽣ҲѾֻɥʬϡ
ʱԭֱַֻӴмһŮɥʬͻȻͶذף
ʱǰֻɥʬıۼҪƿַϵҲŸոɥʬԴƳǹ⽣ҲֻǸոûʣֻɥʬڡ
ҫĹâַȻĿԼԴذףɾûʱ
鼱֮£ַһץҵĲӣ
£һæסַҲ˱ֻ֣ذ׵ȥ
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ذֱַۣҺãֱ۱ذ׸ûдۡ
ؼǣذȴһ´һ۵ĲذЯľ綾һ¾ͽʴٳڲʴȥ
ַѾԸоڲ¶һֱֵһʹûоע㣬ֻҧҧֻݽʬ
ǣȴֻ첲§סˡ
˵ǣʱֻɥʬδⶳһֻѾַ룬һֻҲ֯ǹ⽣ʬ
һΣַ粢û뿪һն¾ɥʬ䵶ֻ֣һ˲˴Щɥʬʬ御ԶһЩ
ջ˵罣ֱס˰͵ˣǳɹˣֵĺܺá
ܵǿ׳첲תЦݣڵʱžžžػ𣬿׵ʹ¥ϴսҳԾɣѾͨһˡ
ԵЩģַͰ²͸׵еʲôַȴûгɣ׼¥ȥеİȴ˵ַ磬ɣѽ
ַŤͷͿĿԼ۵ڲ࣬Ѿ綾ʴһӣȻʱʹʹĳ̶Ѿȸղࡣ
ûϵȻԼͻϣû˲Ҫġַͷ˻еİ
һû˵ʲôظַһ΢Ц󣬱ǣ֣һͨ¥¥ȥ
ߵǰַͷսѾ׽Ҳһ۾Ϳ¥֮ǰ׸ԼǸѷ죬ߵѷ촦ʱʶ濴һۣƺһ˿⡭
ѵһ¥ĻѾ˳ô
ͷֻڰԺһһַȻûע⵽ѷ´Ļ⣬Ű;ֱȥ
һȥȴˡ
ֻǰĴͬһƬڰڴģһʯ̨ʯ̨汻װڷյħƣܱ߾
ʯ̨м䣬һԼһ˶ߵĻɫʯͷַͰ֪Ǽ֮Ĺַͨںڰʯϣڰ̻ʱǿ޴ʯһֻһΪ֮ʯıʯѾʧȥ˹󣬱һͨʯͷ
صǣʯͷߣվӰһɫһͷɫĳף彣Ȼͬɥʬһˣֻ͵ضǰַ֪˿Ѿ׿ˡ
ؼǣһӰȻ壬ɫҲףַֻһۣϳӰģ
׶ַĿѾɥʬĿ׶ԾǣѾݡĿ׶ʱ沿Ȼûһʱģ
˿̣׶ƺַ綢Ťͷַ磬﷢һĵͺַ磬е˼ޣ
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Ϳ˿͸ӰҲòŵַؽӲس鿨׶յһΣַѾӰԼ׺Ǿֵģ
һ̣͵һͻȻʶƺ˼޹أԼĿģ¾Ϊ˿׶
ͬʱַҲȻһʣôֱԼӰдߵǸԼأ
ֻǣ׻վַѾоҪˡ
ʱģȴǿ׵ĥϿıֶ̬Ρ
һʲȻʲôֶĥԼأ


ڶʮ 
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վͬʱҲرʯͷϵӰſ׶΢΢һ֣ոջ궯Ŀ׶˳Ͱ
ţתַˣǴ˰һۣüͷأ˵һΪ֮ǰ˵ѣԭǲ޲صŮšҲû¹䡣
˵ͻȻ¶һɻȻı飺ұΪһǿߣƺһʵûаǿƻԴϵ
һ仰Ȼʣȴһʵ˼ûС
˿ַ̣磬һ׵ףʱϳȷǵԼļٰյǾߡʬ塱ȷĸĵȷǿ֮⣬Ҳ˲һæߵİͷʵô£֮ǰʹʲôôû˵
һʼҵδˡַɫ죬Ļһ˵ݣԵõ㣬Խ˵ҲԽС
ŶҵĿ׶𣿡ͻȻĿת˿׶ңַָ磺ǲǾɱˣ
ַ˲䱻⻰˹ȥͿ׶Լޣٶȷĵͺ󡭡Ȼ˵ͷ
ˣҪҰɣģҲôȥģһĥȻżòã
׵ͻȻַ֮Ͱ׵ķֱǺòصġ⡱
ƽʱַ翴Աɽͻ᲻Ҳ̫ĸоϾܹǰŵ˼룬ԴҲֲ֡
ֻǣ˿ſ׵ⷬȴëȻ
̬ԭɱԼɾȻΪ㣡
˿ַ̣ëȻԱߵİɫҲһ˲ɷޱȣ
ԭһŽɣڿɭûƭңȷɱ׶ְ׺˵һ䣬ִӻȡһ֪̽ˮţӰͶ䵽ǿһ˸ߵʯͷϡ
һΣϵӰ뿨׶ûʲôӰʾֻһĸճһЩֻ̬һƽӰַУȴһ
ӰǱȶĸ׿ɯأȻַʱΪʲôͻȻͶűȶĸӵӰ񣬵ʶ;ã׾ûдʲô⣡
һԵİӰأ΢΢üͷͻȻַ翿˿ӣ۾ſףַ磬Ӱе˺ǰʱѽ
ַĬصͷ˵ʱ򣬿ͻȻתһζ鿴ַ磬¶˹ŹֵЦݣ㿴֪̽ˮǿɭҵģȻӿɭߣǾ˵˵һǺҪˡҼȻӦ˿ɭǾͻ˵
˵׹ϳβַͰһ˵ֱӰ⽴ǵͷ­ɭأǰǷʬǳͷ­Ĳλȫιҵĺأ
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˵ڰϵʥǿ߱ӻôƾҵϢϼβЦˣЦĺܿģȷҵĵһʼӦôڰϵʥǿǰ
Ļҵķ⳼Լҵ񲻻ᶼɱˣַ粻ķһ䡣
׶ʱüëһúеһĵͷ˵ĲĻȴܻ
׸£ǿˡַ·ԳҡҡͷȻʥˣҲһΰˣܶʱҶ˽ģǣͬҲҵĵߣҾΪһʱȥЩںںҵˣ
ԣҵٴЦˣģǲɱģһĿߵһһȥ
˵ţ׵ɫͻȻԶʹӰȻԼʬ帯ãɸҺһģһĴеʶǣ彫Զ֧䣡
һַͻȻĬһԵİ̧ͷַһۣ漴ͷҧ촽֪ڿʲôֻǣǣַ֣·ֱøһЩ
ַ˿ûвĶͻȻأһ
ǲǺڴأ˷ܵĴƣӦõȲ˰ɣ
׸£ѵͲΪʲôָ֪еôַͻȻϣת˻⣺ңѵΪʲôһʼͲµô
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Ҳûн͵ıҪˣʥʦȻǿҲûаô
仰ַ˵ĺƽһ̣ȴ˫ۣȻӿռָȡһСӣǰһƲֽŷŻ˿ռָ˵ղſǿ׶ռǣҵ꽫ɱʱ򣬺ܺΪʲôֺͨĹʿҲпռָҿⱾռǣҲףԭôһǿġ
ң׺ȻϣɫҲѾַһֻ֣ñޱȡ


ڶʮ Ц˵
һ⻰ַ˲һſɫǵûٴӿռָȡһ˵㿴Ҿ֪Ҫһ򶼺Сĵı
ңƺûжļַ˵ȥ˼֣ȻĻһɱԼȥȡ
֮ãַһ׵ӣһۡ
ɫ˼֣ȴѾɿڵ˵ָһ㣡
ȻԴ׶ĵһҾ֪ҿ޷ŻȥˡַȻƽлһ˿ʡ
غһû˵
ַ΢΢һ٣ŵҵܼ򵥡ԶҲҪйصκ˵һëҷߵŮȥҪƽصҵأŻѿ׶ǰռǽ㡣򣬾ұɥʬֻҪһ˿ʶҵĿռָȻˣҲԶòⱾռǣ
£׻û˵һԵİʧַ磬㡭
ôַͷȥͿһ˫Ĵ۾벻Ը촽϶ȫѪɫ
עַ磬Ŀ־ѱŨŨȡǸŻȥлַȳϣȴԸؼʱ뿪ַߡ
һ̣ûɿַ֣սˣҲһ̣ĳ嶯սʤǣʹҡҡͷŨŨַ磬ҲһԵŮȴܳңʵԭʹصӸ׵İż޸һǹĶӣôҲһѡ
ֻбԹһ䣬ͰҴ˵۶㡣ʱʼҾ֪ҿ޷ˣǣұ֤ԲΪҵȥԹκˣ֪ҵ⣡
֪޷ӣʹѾɥʬҲԸߣԣҪһȥһΣ𣿡
˵εĿַ磬ƺһ̣ѾԼĻ·ֻʣַԼ
ַ΢΢ЩݣǼᶨҡҡͷ̾Ϣлл⣬ţʱţ϶ҵġ
˵ţַ̲סҲЩ꣬Ű棬ȴЦ㿪ʼѹǣǶôʹļ䣬һ죬һЦ˵
ҡͷ۽⡣
ַ翴ģҧҧңÿ׸»ҵôҪĥܣ
һ⻰Ȼ򣬵סˡ
ַˣæ˵ˣһҵġϣȥ֮ǧҪ߰ݣҲҪκˣ͸ûҵң𣿡
˵ţַ翼һ£æּ˾䣺ҲκˣԺǰҲĿܡңҲҪȥѰڰϵʥǿߣҼȻѾ䵽˿׸µУؿ׸¿϶ֶΣҵҲ޷ҵҡ
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Ա߳õĿͻȻ֣ûκαĳЦ˸ж
ˣһ㶼ûиж˼˵䣬ַ翪ڣ˵ʵʵأȻʥǿߣ¸㣬Ҿʥ۷壬ʥ֮Ҳֻǵ׵ġ
ܿʥսʿ֮⣬ȴǳ־ʥħʦΪսʿħʦﵽʥ򣬿ƿռֶζḽԪ֮ûҲûκԪ֮ҸӣûпһʥսʿĻʥħʦֻһ³
˵һղŵٴοĵЦԣǲǺܺûаڰϵʥħʦأ
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׼ַû¶κκڵ飬Щ̫ˣɫֳΪɵôǸһͷźڰϵȫ½ʥǿ߶оˣΪҾͲо𣿣ΪԴû˺κΪʲôΪҪûҪץ㻹õô鷳ô
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ҪɱԶҲõ׶ռǣַ練ӦҲ죬æڰǰ˵һ䡣
ʱûʲôģĬضַƬ̣ͻȻΪп׶ռǾͿвңȽɱռָĹϵ취㸴ǣҵĲĺӺͿ׶߸ӣ
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ԼˣҲܻᱻ׸һָ䣡
ʶ㣬ַĲһεĳȥҲ񷽲ôɣɫô˵һʼûߵŮȥûŹйϵκһˣ
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Ȼһ仰ÿ״סˣ㶵վԭأһʱҲ벻ַɣַȴûκиɽעҲǿſռָϡ
ãַ׻˵΢΢˿ͻȻתƻ̽׸£Щ鲼˾Сϵɥʬ¾ǵ۶Զ԰ʧٵЩʬɣ
ô㻹ΪǱôһΣ׵Ҳûκβм˼Уַһ⻰üͷǣյҪ˵Щʲôʱ򣬾ͺȻܵһɿռ䲨ϢĴ
ţոշӳһ˲䣬ͼԭվԼԵİͻȻһ㣬ѪֱֱĳȥһֱǣԼ֣Ҳɿ
Ҳַ󾪵һ̣ӰһѾַǰһͼַϵſռָȫ䵽
һ̣ײϧռ֮סſռָʱжַľϵ


ڶʮ Զ
˿ַ̣Ѿ˲ſռָˣ
ڰɡֱȴԼߵһ̣ڿпѪʹģ֪ΪʲôַֻӲıʲôһ
ûκԥַȫҧٳŰҪĵصȥڰڵصǰһַ̣׼ȷؽסһεı˻
һ·ϣַ粻֪ٴΣãȴûһ˿һеůеңҲеġ
ֻǣ˿̰˫۰УҲͣðѪˮ﷢ֵƺҪ˵Щʲô
ַĿռָһٴλصʯελã῿ʯΣһܵģžؿַͰʹӣҲڴϡ
ַѹ˲ϱĿףʱŰԽԽ԰׵ķɫĿھǱʲôסһû˵һ仰
ǰؿ£ںѪȳ󣬾Ȼڣֻǣ˿Ѿˣַ硭֪𣿽˵ǶôҪѽһõʱ⣬εСȫڽʵ
Ȼ˵Ѿȴǹ΢ЦҲССҸ
ַֻоԼȻ˼£һֱرԼĽԼŮ˿һ飬̲סһᣬ۽ǿʼģ
ǰܻңʱǿŵģ˶Цŵġɵ뿪ʱЦŵģȴǿŵġ
Ѿַ۽ǴҪΣ֮ȴҲҸԭһֱ벻ͨΪʲôڣҺͨˡΪᣬĺøѽ
˵ַ̲סһʹʱȴǿջЦ㿴ҸûޣЦ㲻ģһؼҵģ
ءң૵˵һ䣬ãȻҲøȴǿҡͷٴιЦݣǺؼѽǣ֪޷ٿˣȻܻȥأ
˵ճյַ磬ϸһܰĻȥ򡭡ҶᡭҡѾеܡҸ
˵ɵһŻؼҵģַ缸ҧ˵仰ܵ˰ԽԽǿջЦͬʱҲƴڹŶҪơ
ǣһͽڣʱͲſһ¿ռػѾȫѣҲһӣʱദǻﲻѪ
һַ缸󵽰˿ܵʹ֮ңҸЦݵӣַȴֲ֪˵ЩʲôˣֻоɱƺҪһͷһ
˷Ѷַҡҡͷȥƺ˼֣жҵڣҲȲ
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ֻǣһѡַŶȻԼгǿָѪҺһ뵽Ҳ˲ٶ룬˿ֱϱ˵˿ѾϣͻȻһڳԼҧȥȰӦʱֱ۾ѾѪ
죬ȵ㣬֪ҵѪҺǾлָġ˵ŵĹַҲæֱ۴յߣѪʱ˳
һ⻰ǰҲһ鲻Խľ˳źȥ
ǣźûڣͻȻǱҭһòײȥģֱ˳
ֻһĹֱַϵ˿ھѾϣٴҧƣȴҡͷҡȲȥ
˵仰ʱ˫۾ѾҪıˣַۼˣֻоһҾȻϣһ仰޷˵ڡ
Ŭ˫̧ۣ֣Ҫһֱõݸַ磬ȴѾ벻壬˵ĻѾһСõʱ⡭ǽҳԹóԵġҵġҺȹúȡĶǡѪڡֲñѽֻ޸ܡ
ĩβѾüΪƮ˵ȴȻ˵󡭡͡ҡ䡢һšǰɡĻÿҹҹ١Ҿܿ
£ȴԶҲټ˵ȥˣڰе֣ҲѾȥ˫۵ϣƺһ˿Ҹ㡣
ֻǣϧַȻѾ˫ۣȴãǰá
ַƲɿһ
˵İ˻ȥһҲҸ


һ̣·𶼰ƺַԼ
һ̣׵ģһĻĻ
ǸȵļڣǸȵѵϣǸѧԱ˦ں棬ȴŮѧԱλǸ˵Ů
ѵģܺȡ
лл㣬һˡ


Ǹ궯ĿϣǸԼԱܻẦߵŮ
ķ㡭
ãסʲô𣿡
ҡ㡭лллл㡣

ҽаҿ㹲𣿡


ǸǰϤеŮǸбһѩħǹԴۺŮǸвСĽڵϣæǸת뿪Ů
㱼䣬ַƺֿ򶨵ҲµģֹҲڵģ
·ֿʧ֮ģһҡֻΪ˸罻𣿡
˾֮ǰȻ򣺡֪ˣ˾깩һǷ񣡡
ͨ¥ϣͷҧ´ַ磬㡭㡢ԼȥɣҾͲһȥˣҡ
ͨĲ¥ϣһᶨַ磬ղ˵Ҹôأ
Ļȥ򡭡ҶᡭҡѾеܡҸ

һСõʱ⡭ǽҳԹóԵġҵġҺȹúȡĶǡѪڡֲñѽֻ޸ܡ

󡭡͡ҡ䡢һšǰɡĻÿҹҹ١Ҿܿ

һǰɡҾܿ

ȻַֻþһѪȻؿڼȼһ㣬ŻŮ԰׵ɫСĵؽ˵ϣõֻ־ǰ
עŮȴ壬ַȴԶǰһɲǵ
ȴԼһ˲һЩĶ
һ̣վ۽Ǻᡣ
Ϣĳ֮УԶǸϷʥǿߣȫȥֱָüģ˺ѷΣ
ɱ㣡


ڶʮ ʧˣ
ַٶȣƽʱһգ۵Ĺܳ嵽׵ԣ˵ŭ֮ʱˡ
˿̣ŭַͷԣҲȼеսʶǱǱһ㣬һ̣ٶȼ࣡
һգۼ䣬ַѾ嵽˿׵ߣеıۿҪ̴˿׵Դ
ǣ׵ϷŲмȻЩַ类˿ռָΪʲôϻͻȻʱûйȥǣۼѵĽѾָԼüĴͻȻüǰһ׵λÿռͻȻա
һűֱĲƥͻȻ˴קһһ
ַֻһ̶̱޷ǰ벽üջеʱȴֱԼеλöȻһɴ˳űѴԼϣʱ͸оؿһҪֱͦͦȥ
ǣȴַ١ӽĻᣬƿռ䷴ͬʱҲ͵һӣһɿռ䲨ֱַϡ
ַ翪ʼоһشԼؿڣشԼҰϣؼǣԼĻûаôȻ£ʱѪӿԶԶˤ˳ȥ
ͨ
ַԶ֮ԭҳһӣ˿ֱ̣оȫͷɢ˼һ㣬һɴδйʹҲڲͬİʹҲַ侲һЩֻǣеŭǵûԽԽ
ַŴӵɢζҲʱ𣺡ǲں뽫ʬأȫֻҪǸʱ㡣
һ̣˵ַĺôȥԱԼǣ侲һЩ֮Ҳף׿϶ôԼȥһԼԱĶȻڵһʱֹԼ
Ͼʥֶ˵ֹͨսʿԱ
Ȼ׼ַ粻˵ֻǺݶضԼʱͿĵЦˣԴǲԱأˣֻҪȫλÿռס㣬Աˣ
˵ţֶַ̧һץԭַ͸оܵĿռ֮һסԼ
󣬿Ȼһַ֣绹ûüվȵĹ򣬶ʱͲܿƵĳ׷ȥ
ɵߣѾһĺۼַ˲ֻûһᣬȻ˫һ·ĦЩۣѾָɡ
ţַ磬һϷҪȥǸŮʬָɶʮ飬У⹥ң룬ǲԸ⿴ǸŮһʬɣ
״Цİɣ߹ȥֻ̣Ҫɹͣ½ŲӣҾͼһָҪߵǰʮĻҾ͸һȫʬǲʮӣôҴϸĲ֣Ҫȥˣʼ
£ͶȻŰһȥ
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Ȼֱַ׳ȻʱѾָһЩ侲ȴѹŭ˵ÿռ֮Ҹͱӣ
ҷռ֮ôˣһڷǰȥҪңͿԼıˡ
ſһǰַֻоԼĶҪˣһ̣Ȼ˶ȴûгſ׳ȥǳ֮ңѾɥʬĿ׶ȥ
ͬʱٶȳϣңңֱָ׶˲Ѿǰ
һ̣ǰĿҲʶַĶæת
ֻѵĽѾ˿׶ϣһ̣׶Щɵǰıѣƺȥִһ¡
ԶĿɫ䣬ڷַ繥ʱܸоַƺйŹֹŹֻ֣ǣһֹ̣ˣ
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ѵ˿׶壬һը𣬿׶ʹ߳Ѿըʱɽ׶ڵĶҲڱը֮лΪһɶ
Щը붾ֱӽַ˿ַֻоȫ³ۻסĲλ֮⣬Ĳλÿһ׶·гǧϸݺݵش˽ȥȫλʹʱҲʹ˳

΢΢еĩɽַɫʿϣʱʹӲף˲ÿʿΪһ̲ŧˮֱȫ¾ֻʣ֮ǰַϼĹصڵϣײĹƣ˵ɫҺ塣
ۿſ׶һ˲䱻ըһ˲Ťʱޱʹ˻˳׶
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ԹΧĿռƺҲķŭţַĶ޷һ˿һڶʹַһӡ漴һȭȻַȥ
ͼһȭѾִ˿ռ䣬һ̣ȭϵĿռΧĻŤһ̣Ťռһȭֱͦͦ˶ַϡ
ʱ˼ĿռĪĵһ㣬ȫȻŤصַϣַȻûκηʱͱһɾ޴ĵ˳ȥ
ֻǣ֪⻹⣬ַ絯ȥķþ˾ǿѾʯͷ֮ʯ֮ʯȻѾ޹⣬ַȥһ̣Ȼҫһҫ۵ɫâ
һҫ۵ɫâ޼᲻ݣȻпռ֮壬ȴһȥ˿ռ䣬ֱֱ̽˫ۣһ˳ۣ׸оԼ˫۾Ǳ̽ȥһ㣬ǹʹ·ֱԺ

Ҳ̲ס۵úʶľͺͻʹûվȣһĵ˵ϡ
ǣɾҵʹҲ죬ȥҲ죬ֻһ˲䣬׾͸оǹ԰ʹʱȴ֣ǰ֮ʯѾ͵ɫâɹؼǣַӰѾ֪ȥ򣡣
һ̣ŷ֮ʯΧžĻ֮ǰǹֱӰԵĴռֱ֮ԼԺеľʹ׵к׵ľ͸һǰδеģĿ־塣
µţΧŷ֮ʯתһȦֱɢ̽˴н䣬ҲûзַӰʱѾȻԼϵ·ѱ͸
ʧˣ׵ȻҲʼһ仰ĵʣҲ·ʡ
Źâһ䵭֮ʯ׵ԺжȻһͷ
˲䣬Ҳ˲ʲôæԦռ֮жȥǣȴ𾪵ķ֣֪ΪʲôΧеĿռ֮Ǳһɲƣ
һ˲䣬еĿ־ɱռ֮һֱĶѾʧȥĿơеʱû˿İȫС
һ̣׽֮ĳͨĲ¥ݴȥŸո岽ȴһ¾ײһ͸ǽϣһײͷԻ֮һƨɾ˦˵ϡ
ʱ򣬶ʱ;ķ֣ǰ͸ǽڸǿռ롣
ҲҶ룬ͷķȥǣڽײ顰͸ǽڡ֮󣬿ھķ֣ԼѾһɿռɵġ͸ӡУûκʹÿռ֮
һ̣ײĻ䣬һƨ̱˵ϣѾҡ
Ȼ԰Ļ£ƺһ˿΢ĺȻŤͷȥĿһ¾Զڵϵİ
ѵţ֮Ѿǿ־塣


ڶʮ 񣺺ն˹
仰ŸµĹ򣬾ͲλͻȻӿһеϢľ
˲֮䣬׽סܶȣƺ˿ƽʵܶܺͣεİ̶ԭأֺܶҲ޷ں
һֻ̣оԼôСƽʱΪʵǸͱòһ˿̸оԼһֻССϣȴֻƯޱ޼ʵ֮Уûһûκεķ֮
Ŀ־ﵽͬʱʶľҪԵĿռ֮ǣһΣȴ𾪵ķ֣ΧĿռƺǲˡ
񷽲ֿռ䱻ĸоȫȫĲˣ
һ̣׵Ժһͷȥ룬ԼѾڿռˣ
ҺãּΪѹ޷ֻһ˲䣬һ̣ܼͻȻ͵һգȻ˲䳯ڵλû۶ȥ

ʹоѾָɣΧܶҲˮ׼ռҲѾָֻǣһ̣ǲÿռ䣬ɸоΧĿռѾˡ
ֻһɲǣѾȥˣΪȻڰλõϿգƯһס
ȻԶ֮ʯɢ͵ɫâɹâȴڵλǺڰһƬ׾ǿףǿĴڣ
ûκɫƾչ̶ڿռһ㣬һ۾ܿ׵ٿţֻ۾Ѿһ𣬱ӵĿѾǵϣֻγͷȴû͡
ŮǸȾΧеĿռһı˹ȥĴھͷ·һԶҲܷԽĸɽη壬ȴ鲻ԽĤݵĳ嶯
ȻٿȥΪ֣Ҳǳª˿̿ȴ˿ŵپļ޵У·еġȫ۵ϣгԲ
ʦԭôڵ壬Ȼ˺ҡն˹ĺˡ
һ仰ŮǷŭ⣬·ûκҲûκοѭ켣ͬʥǿ֮Ĵֱڿ׵
ֻоһĻңָŸڿеףĿ־壺㡭㡢˭
⻰һ˵꣬˲ͷӦ˹ʱֻоͷƤ飬ȫĺëɵʧеն˹
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ڿļȻֻǶ̶̵һ֣ȴǴĪһ㣬ֱĿ۽ǣͷתƺһ̣ϱ¶޷ֱˡ
ֻǻع֮ǷĿ־Ъ˹񣡣㲻֮ܲͨ飡
ǣĹ涨Ҳƻ涨Ҳɱ㡣
Ϣһٴδӿ׵𣬲Ȼһ仰ÿ״һ
ûü˵ĹĻٴδļ𣺡ʰ㡣
˵䡰ͬʱҲȻתǿɫâ֮ʯĿƺ⡣
ҲʶĿȥͿɫâ𽥰֮ʯУƺƺһӰ
ǸӰòϿȥ׶ʱ͸оһͷƤ飬ʶ૵ַ磿
ǣ˵仰Ƿһе⡭ⲻܣ
˵ţһ´ӵŰϿյףȥܵռıϣ˫شҳȥ㲻ͨ飡
ûн㡣ûκκ˵һ䣬ŰĿתص˿׵ϣҪǽ㣬ǾͲǿռϵĽˡ
Ľͣ׵ʱסˣһһ¾̱˵ϣĿ⣬Ҳʼûɢ
ĬĬעûټڣͷڵϵİۺٴοǿɫâѾʼ֮ʯʯǸԽԽӰ
׶ȻʧٶȻع鵽ƽ֮Уֻ֮ʯɢĹâԽԽдӰд˿޵ĺ
ٴδӵҲͣĴ͸ǽ棬ƺҪҵһͻƵ㡣
Ȼ֪ռ벻κεġȱڡһ̣ǹִΪԼһҵ
ֻǣȻˡСӡĸ䣬Ͽպ͵ذ嶼Ѿһ飬ȴûҵһ˿һȱڡ
һ̣֮ʯɢɫâѾ
ž
׾һƨ˵ϣţӰ΢⣬ԭ֮ʯλϣһ΢
Сƿǳһ㡣
һɲǣԭģһαý


ڶʮ ʥ۷
ַһֵΡ
μ֪ΪʲôܻḡϣҲ·ܿһ㣬ԽƮԽԶ
µЩæµѾ֮Уֵܶۡ˺һЩҹλ֮⣬綼˯
һǴڷĴǻʱʱһ·Ӵ򿪷źȥվһܶۡſڴ
һڵ֮ǰգļУͣԭתȦʱʱĦƣȴҲʱʱĳܶۡſڴۡ
һ紵ַ͸оԼһӾͱԶ־Ӫҹ仹ڽŲʿǣͶһһʿ״븱ֱȻӵͼϵĳص㡣
ŷͣתַ绹ҹŹǷܳȶӳ߳϶һڵ棬ƫƧһ䷿ڣͻȻһը󣬰´ʦͲͷ˳
ţַָоԼĵطǾͿһϵùһ䴰ͻȻ򿪣Դ˫ſе¡
ú˴ӣϵһĴȴǽӴ򿪣Դ̽⣬ĬĬűһϰ߹˵˼ʲôջԴȥ
ٽţַֿ߾ҹ֮µһЩСĦһ·ϣҹ䴩ź£Ͽʱʱгʺȡ
һУַԼǶɹһһȴƽİůʹһ㡣
ŷԽԽַ͸оԼԽԽԶһ̽ϡٵĵطһһ㰲ϡ
ЩäĿεڴСɥʬǴ޾ĹŵʱжȻһ
·ոʹ飬һصԺ֮С
һѾȼһķӣﱻԼԴԽֻŮɥʬ
߷ӵݶƺִ濴ǸվԼŮӰ
˲䡪
һĻĻǰ
˾ϣǸһ»ɣѪӿзԼסྡѣȴȻЦŮʱ
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ʱ͸оԼһƬڰΧɫٵԼڹעš
ɫĽ룬оԼ׶ըĶʴѾ¶ɭɭ׹ǵĸλԼٶ³
żܣַҲڵľ˱仯
ԭִʦעڵǹɫһɫĴԷɿٶȴ̼ԼĶԼ
ּٵĴ̼֮£;ԿŵٶȼţƺֻһɲǵĹַ͸оԼڶϣھϣѾﵽ˾ż۷Ķ壡
Ҳͬʱ˿ռ˲ʹﵽʥ
һʱ䣬ֶڿռĸƾճԺַ֪ʥָմıֻǰÿռ͵ԷĶߣҲ֪˷ֻƶռ䣬ﵽ۵ռ䣬Ӷٷеԭ
оؼŵĿռƺŸС΢͵Сռ䣬ڴڸϣЩʿĿռָ
ңһ̣ƺԼƺͿ۵ռķʽĿռָԼ۵Ŀռ֮УȻܱſԹĿ
һ˲䣬ַƺ˿׾νǧɥʬСˡ
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һֱʥ򶥷壬Żͣ
ַԾǣ;Ҳͬ˵罣ֻһĹ򣬵罣Ȼɹеںϣ
ʱַȻֺܶȴĸоڵĵ罣ƺѾﵽ˱͵ĳ̶ȣͬʱԭѾıѣҲѾһոµĲΣ
һ̣ΧӿڵɫʧַҲоԼָ˻
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ǰԱߴǰÿץסԼһ·ϹĳϺۡ
ױˣ˿̱˲ԶĵϣһֵĿԼ
ַ粻֪Ϊʲôֱ鿴Լֻǣڿ׵һ̣еŭȻٴȼ
һôŮӰȻһ㶼κвŮôݵĶ֣
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㡭㡢˭״˿ͻȻýۿַһԼ˫ȾȻҲ̲סеĿ־һŲš
˭ַָԼͻȻЦЦޱȣҾҪĥǸ˰ȻҶʶ𣿡
㡢㲻ǣ״һͻȻһʶŻĿռ䲻֪ʲôʱѾ
˲䣬һ㶵Ĺ򣬱ʱƿռ֮סȫ˿һֱĿռ֮һذȫеͬʱƺҲһЩ˫ҲٴʱӵվַЦΪͷһɫɱң
˵ţַһ֣һεĿռַϮȥɿռ֮ŤΧĿռ䣬ҲģַߣȻѾȫ
ַȴоԼĿռһźͨСֽƬʶ΢΢һ̧첲
ֻռ֮͸˽ɫĶϵһ̣ڿͣһ£󣬾ԿŰٱٶ۷ȥ
ֻɲ֮䣬ռ֮Ѿ۷˿׵ǰ
׻ûзӦһ㶵ضַ磬ַϵĴɫ
ҲͬʱַоҪǾôɱ׾̫ˣǱǿпռ֮һŤ
ԭĿռ֮˲ббſ׵Դ߻ȥϢҲ۰
һ̣δоκεʹͷԼȻ˵ϡ

İʹ̲ס˺ѷεĺ˳ֻּҵۣҲ˵ϣһ΢ײ
ڴ˿ַ̣ȴһ΢΢ŵϵ֣ͼԭȥſռָһɿռ֮İ֮£ٵķַ磬׼ȷķɵԭʹŵָϡ
ֻһСĹ򣬿ѾӦ˹˿̳˾֮⣬оֻʣͷ
ǣַջؿռָһ̣ڸܵΧԼġСӡҲѾʧͬʱǿʹſռ䣬ٳǶǽȥ
۵ռķٶȣֻգۼǽڴ˲䣬һռ䲨ǰǽڶȻݡ
棬¹ʱҲսļ˾


ʮ 
һƬڵľˣƺ¹ⶼԵЩۡ
Ҳ۵¹ַ磬˲ͻع
һ̣ۼſѾַһݣʱ۵ռסԼͬķʽ׷ȥ
ֻǣ۵ĿռɽɫĶ߶ֻǵռ
ֻɲǼ䣬ַѾɳ˾׷ڰпٷеĿס
Ҳоַ׷ϣͻȻһת䳯ұߵϷȥҲͬһʱ̣ȫŤĿռ䣬ռŤһеУȫַȥ
ַû뵽׾ȻȻת䣬ϲŲʥһ´ﵽʥ۷壬Щ̫Ӧʱӭͷײ˿Ŀռϡ
˲䣬ַ͸еϵĿռ䱻н飬һۣһ̣ͼæŽɫĿռٴλס壬ٶûмֱӲײռУռڸŽɫĿռ»ٵҿٳ׷ȥ
׵Ŀռַֻһ٣һٵĹ򣬿׾һľ롣
ѾɵϿյĿףַ羡ӿԼٶȵͬʱҲ͵سһ֣ͼһڴ״ĿռԿַٶȳ׼۶ȥ
ɲǼ䣬ڿ׻ûӦʱ򣬾׼ȷĻһȣ
׳ʹһҽеͬʱҲһ١
һ٣ַѾߣѸռ룬ס˿ǰλá
ؼǣռɶŽɫĶһ㣬ʱɫͱò԰ס
ʶһͿַûκα飬ƽĿµ
ףҾʲôɱŶԵأַɵ˿׵ǰűԼڽɫռһҰܵĿףɵ³仰
׷·˿ѾȻɫ԰׵ĿģȴѾ˫ۡ
ַͻȻһ漴üͷһ̣ס׵ռϵĽɫͻȻʧȡ֮ڴڵɫ
ײб䣬˲۾ŽɫѾɫȻЩãȻ⡢ʲô
Ԫַ֮𣬿ɹؼǣ˵仰ʱԴһɻƺԼҲȷ
ַɻҲѯԼɻһ㣬ҡͷܣͲԪ֮ҴûмԪ֮
Խַ֮絭ڣֻ˵䣬Ը˵ȻӿռָȡԼĺڰ÷Լվһ𣬲תƻôһֱɻλڰϵʥǿߡ
˵仰ͬʱΧҲʥڰʦĽһ˲ɭ·һ̧ͷ﷢ɥʬֱһ㣡
״ؿһһ׳Լǰƺʲôһ԰׵˳ⲻܣܣ
ܾôַһڲ֪һֱֵǸֻҵķô
˵仰ʱַѾջ˺ڰԭɭȻĿֲΧʱʧͬʱ׵ɫСȴҲͻȻ
һ仯ʶַҪֱռ뼷ѹԼŵһЩƺ¶һ˿ɵɫ
ֻһ̣ʶԼַ˼ֻռ֮ûֱӽ׼ѹΧ£ߺͻȻ䶯һλã׵ָͽֺһ飬ֱ˻Ѫࡣ
ȻҲһʹĺеɱңɱң
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ôɱ㣬ôԵЩĥȴѡɱضûеǸˣôԵǸԭħţȴز۵ĺӣôԵǸɷ뺢ӵŮ˾
ŭȫÿռֱ͵˿׵Ķߣûһ˿һй¶ȥ
ڿ˵仰ը죬ͬʱҲĵ׶Ȼը
һ̣ƺֽϴʹ࣬ԺѾƮ˺ܾúܾǰ
㡭㡭ǰĿŭַ磬ֻоһ޴ʯͷѹĿڼ䣬һ仰Ҳ˵
ַ翴ֱ飬ɫ֮ǳΪƾ׶һռǣҾ֪ʦôΪҾֻڿ׶ռϿôǲǴûҲбĥܵһ죿
ַεĳ׸оиһζѳѾõļƬһĻĻ°żƬ¸ǰ鲻Խѿڶ㡭ʲôϵ
Ψһͽܡشģַƽ


ʮһ ڶ
ͽͽܡ
죬ŴðһʹֵĻ˿̣Ǹܲϵʹһ㣬֫ѾȫϾȻ¶һ˿ı飬ҲǺݺݵصҾ֪նݾӦ
˵꣬Ȼ̧ͷַ磬ͻȻֿЦڰ̻ʸϵһжϵҲ޷⣬ȴһֱô翵Ķ
˵ĹַȴûпڴǿŽСӣԼһ𻺻䵽˵ϡ
һȥԭѵȵȲɥʬʱ㳯ַΧ£﷢ڼ
ַýһֻɥʬǰֻɥʬľֱӳַȥ
ǣַȻûȴӵпռ֮ɥʬ޷һһļ֡ʳǰȴ޷ʹֱֻ࣬ɥʬ
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ף治֪ʱΪʲôЦַߵСӵĸǰվվȣѪʥʦͻȻĪн³ȫԼȡ㿴
˵ţַһӣָԼΧ£ɥʬȺԭѾϢˣȴ˿־ɱ¾۶8923λȻɱӵľ񣬵ľֻԼԡҲͷǡ
£ַ綸Ȼһֳֻ̽ȥͼСڿ׵ƾճһɿռγɵƣƳȥȻһ˺

ٴη˲ҽַֻӲֱӸ˺ץſֻȵĿռ֮һףһ¾Χ£ɥʬȺϣ
˲䣬ֻһһֻɥʬʱͻΪһ̲ŧˮֻɥʬԴϡ
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СĿףҲʱǿ˿ռϡ
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˿ַ̣õ˺ڶɿתʱûһֻ̩ǣ֪ΪʲôһѿɱﷴһʧС
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ַ粢ûж룬ջ˺ڶŤͷĿ˽ռϵɥʬȺ档




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ħļˡ
ʵʰĿⶸȻɨϷزסϲһ̣Ƕ΢΢һ˿

ѧԺ
޲Ѿ˰УɫӰԵôΰ
ֻǣȴԴݣϷķѾ

ڰ
ڰ̻ҲͬעϷֻǣͬ޲أȫȻ֮ɫ֮૵סǱ˭ɱˣ


г̻ʶһۣ볯Ϸȥ
˿̣̻ƺøˣҲøݣһԵκˮʹһĭȴǲ֮£ˣʦԶʧˣѵԤеѾӦ𣿡
̻ûлشĬҡҡͷ

ۡ
ڴرϣϷأأԺɵڳˣǣΪʲôҪʥѵַѾﵽʥ򣿡
ˣ˵ʲôأҳԣһŽɫ毺õŮ΢΢һ䣬˫ۣ㽫һֱ۳ȥ滵˼Ҫˡ

ͨϷһڵĵ·ϡ
ʦϷѾܾˡһ߰׷ӣɻǲַʲô⣿
ҲҲȫܵ΢΢üͷǣȴܸоһĿռ䲨Ҹҿ϶Ϸʥǿڴս
ǡǽأһһ¾ż
֪ѾܲˣһѾˡӵ˵漴ȻŤͷ򰢶Уǵüӿٶˣ

ĳƽԭеһ⡣
һλŨױĨŮӭվ̧ͷϷһҡͷεεȴԵЩѽôôѽ˼һ·ǾȻʹ

½ĳ䣬о֮С
һ΢ĵƹ⣬һմޱȣֻǣһ̣ѾеĴӣ̧ͷϷķ򾲾ţǵ͸һϬĹâ
ڻ˰ƽβסĵļ

Ϸʡ
ݶȻоѣԾؿԼ˫˫ţڸղţͻȻԼͻȻʧʲôһ㣬˵Ŀնо
һһԼ壬ԼûʧκΡ㲿Щɻüͷ漴Ҳ˯һ´ߵߣƿ˴ͼǵķ򾲾ȥ

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˴˿ϷϱߵһСϣȻӴϷ͸¹䣬ĿŹһľ塣
ǣ˿̵ȴصĶűߵķҲ֪˼ʲô
ҲʱͻȻһͷŮ谡㣡ҹͻȻһҼ£
˵ţһֻǿ׳ֱ۾𣬺ĶžӵĲӾȥ
仰ͬʱϵؾʧǻ֣̿ü˵Ĺֻǿ׳ֱ۾ֱӰһ˴ϡ
ӳʹһǲҷһ㣬ȻһתֺãǸٺ٣ˣ汧Ǹɶ治ǹġ
죡Ů˲ͷٴŵþһӣ͡



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ɥʬǲûȥһͬȥ˿ɥʬѾΧַߣĴռ룬ȴʼնƿϡ
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漴ȥϵĿռ룬ŽЩԼ˫໺ֹɥʬǣַһѻոĳ嶯
ǵоĸĸǷе㡣
Ϊ˰ȫַôվڸ߿ж·Ӳռ룬ϿգԼĸȫȫһɿռġӡУٰװ
һУΪ׵ַǿʯͷ£ʶԼھȻǳ¹壬æӿռָȡһ·ٴϡ
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¹˴Уյͨԭ֮ʯλѾһ¹⣬ַĿɢڼ̨ΧЩƬ
ʱַѾ˲Ͽˣһ۾Ϳ˰ԭȵλãæߡ
뿴ŰַѾûŭһɵʧ俪ʼļ
ֻһ˲ĹַоЩԾΪƺһ΢ĺӰǼ䴫
һַжʱһҲ˲æӣһָ̽˰ıǼ䡣
ֻһ̽ȷȷǰģͬʱҲɻ
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ʵͰǰɲַ粻ţǲţæ˰Сϡ
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ֱַܶԼˣ
ֻǣǽԼϳϺۣ֮ǰһиͲξ
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һΣַ粻ɵЩɻˣٴİĽǣȴûκηӦ
ϣַҡҡ壬ȴһ˸ûа㷴Ӧ
һַ̣粻һƨ˵ϣɻ
ղŵ׶ʲôԼΪʲôῴ˵Ķ̬ΪʲôʵͻȻʹܵʥ۷ĲΣԼʱ򣬿ܿ־壬ȴΪʲôԭصԼ
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ǵַҲȻʣٴŤͷĿ˰ϡ
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£ٳͼܶۡķȥ
ŽɫӰԽȥԽԶĻҲ


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һ˵Ķַ֪֮ǰƮƮȥЩʵˣЩ棬ѵеʥǿڴﵽʥ֮ʱʶô
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ֻǣַҲȷ⵽׸ʥ۷ûйϵϾ׿ûаսʿʵȻĻҲᱻԼô׵ľɱˡ
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ֻǣָӦֻϤˣ磬ַӦЩİϢܶڵҹѲһЩ̫ϤļҳԱ
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ˣˣķ˴ȥɢˣ֪ʲôʱѴ˯£һ߿ŷžһ˷ܵ˵
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ҲɵЦˣæҪʰǸվͻȻ뵽ʲôһֵĿ´ַ硣
ַ类е㷢ëʵΣôˣ
ַ磬ͦģôʼ磺ǸſڸտĵһʱҾˣֻͻȻ˷磬ҲŸʶ⡣


ʮ Ԫ
ңôˣַʱһݣͬʱҲ뵽Լմ֮ʯСƿǶʱ򣬿׸տʼûϳԼ
ʱַ绹ΪǱɵˣվһ仰ҲûһᣬȻʶ㡣
Ŷϣַ磬㻹վԼɡζ仰תȥϵͭһӸַ磬󣬰ħƵ΢һЩ
ַӹͭæǰ۲죬ͿԼԭûзκα仯
仯ģȴԼͷ
ԭַͷڵɫ˿̣ͷȴѾϵɫ
ȻħƵĹ߲Ǵչ⣬ɫɫǺ׾ֱܷģ
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ַ䣬һο˴ϵİһۺ󣬲ųſȥ
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ˡַŤͷȥͿŰϵ̽ȥæ˰֣͸
仰λشַ߳˷䣬˷š
ûκͣһηֱӳ鷿ķȥ
һ䵽ϣַͿ鷿ĴųţպʹǵʲôȴԼȻһأ˲ӭֻڿַĵһʱȻҲһ¡
ôҵͷһɫͲʶ𣿡ַ翴˵ģʧЦ
ʱӦǡ
Ҳ˵ʲôַæ˰֣ˣȥ˵ɡ
˵ţַ鷿ȥ˼ˣҲæȥ
鷿ţ˶֮󣬷ձ̲סżڣ֮дһССϲˣҸղڸۣ֮ܶǰӦǵ˴ɣ
һԵĴȻûпڣҲοַ硣
ǰַһ΢ЦҵȷѾʥˡ
⡢̫ˣպʹȻ׼ַ׿ȷβסеϲ
˷ֱ̫ܵˣڲʥ˼ٶˣҲͲ⣡
Ȼͬ˷յ˵ȻҪȷ侲࣬˵֮󣬱æʵˣζǰȥ׶ʲô
һ⻰ʱҲعæһƨϣ͵ǰʲôһͻƵʥ˼յɣ
ַ˵˼ƺ˸Ͳ֪͵͵ȥ飬ҲѾȥˣδĴսַҲʱٳͷˣ˰ȥ飬ʣµʵ˵˳
˵ַҲ̲סпû뵽ҺãһжѾȥˡ
ַ˵ͷղĬȻδ侳뵽ض޷ɥʬпʥʦʱҲᵽеա
ռͷ˼ƺǿԼ˸ַͬǷܼȥȻǻԪأȴұ֤ܻŴ˾ĵ㡣
̾Ϣһʵǡˣ׼δЩɥʬ
˾ӦöѾճɻҽˣЩСϵġ˵ַһ£̾˿Ҵȥҵĸĸ֮ٷһѻֱյɣǡšҲ޷Ϊˡ
Ҳǳ̾һ˭֪ǿǰ˻ع黳Ͽ̷ֻǣҲ֪֮˵ͷǺãھҹȥϢЩҪţϸͨǸСͨ
ţȥɡַҲ֪ԽԽãȻԼõĿռ룬߲ͨȥһСϵɥʬ⼴սʱ򣬿ҲᴫһЩӰԼӵʿ
ַͬ⣬һͼæתȥ
ʱ򣬷Ҳ̧ͷעַ磬г˿ˡѾﵽʥ۷ˣܷңʥǲǾļˣ
һ⻰ַ翪ʼЩ㵣ֿ飬жʱ⣬æҡҡͷգֻǶ;ﵽʥ۷壬Ԫ֮ϣһʥڡ
Ԫ֮Ҫ𣿡ղһ㶡
ַüȻգǻ֮ﵽʥ֮Ҫټ֮⣬ҪǿĻ֮Ҫ֪ʥǿ߶սʱڿռϵĶ˶֮⣬ԵǿĻܴ֮ﵽʲô̶ˡ
˵ţղĿ⣬ַһ£磬ڣѾﵽ˶壬ھͱһԪ֮ǿҵĶ˵ǻԪ֮Ǹӵʥǿ߶Ծʱ򣬶Ԫ֮ǿͬҪ
ǰһƺЩ
ַһˣȥڸоԪ֮ͶһҲǷΪסнԼ۷壬ǣǵŷ硢ˮء𡢹ڰͻԪ֮˹ͺڰԪ֮ͨ˲֮⣬Ԫ֮˶ѵġ
ˣ˼ǡճԵ˵ĻԪȻԵҲֻǻҲ˵ҽʥҲͱԪصǿһ㣿
ַԵĵͷڲʥ֮㲻ҪĻԪ۷壬ҲҪȥԪ֮Ԫȫ۷壬ҽںȫﵽ۷ʱѾﵽļˡ
˵ţַ̾˿㿴ң˵;Ѿﵽ۷壬ҲֻлԪλʥףԪһҪ򣬲۷ȫںǲǼޡ
˵仰ʱַ绹һ仰û˵Ǿǣܱͨ˶һֺڰԪء
ַ绹Щ֣ԼԵӦùԪ֮ϣΪڣҲûиоԼܿƺڰԪغͻϵԪ֮⣬ܿʲôԪء
ɫַ绹֮Ȼ޸֮ˮ޷䣬ô֮ԼҲһͼǿˡ
˵ԪϣԼܿܲʥǿߣ٣Щ֮ڹؼʱ򣬾ǰԪ֮ȫ۷ȫںϣԼҲȫ۷ǿߣҲɱԼ
ַĻͷĬ˰죬̧ͷϴޱȵأˣãȰеԪ֮ͻȫ۷岢ȫںϣܲϼأ
˵ַķյ˼һʱ侪ڷҰĵͬʱҲоЩɣ˵ûп𣿡
û˵ص˵ͷ


ʮ 񼶵Ŀ
յͷַĬ
Ȼǽţעַ˿иĺҲʱѹڲҺ
ãַ糤̾ϢһҲпܰɣ
ˣʲô˼ղ˳ǣԽ𰸡
ַҲ֪ԼĻش̫ܣҲֵλ󽫵ģٴγĬƬ̣һ˼ʼգ̣ܶԼֻвһʮ꣬䳤٣伮Ҳֻһǧң˺Ͱ壬ܻϵĶָ
յͷ
ǣﵽʥ֮Ҳζŵõ˽⣬ʥǿߵҲֻһ꣬ǣͨӳһֱ˥ϣõʱʥǿȴȻഺפǺüﶼ˥ϵʱʥǿȻ״̬͸һִΪʥǿ߾ġ
ַ˵һγĻ㿴ѯʵô˵Ӧöɣ
ţöæͷϵɻȴûмٰ㣬Ȼǲַ̫ΪʲôͻȻҲżصȴַġ
ҽ׶ˡַ˿˵ȻʥǿҲ㣬룬һսʿٵʥʱôĶʹﵽʥڣǣҪѶ۷壬ҪٰѾһ۷壬Ȼﵽʥ֮ԸԪصĸ֪˳ǧ򱶣Ҫʥ۷壬ҪһЩʱġ
ңֻԪ֮Ǻġﵽ۷֮ҪԪ֮ȥ˼ʱһԪҪٰԪ֮ٴʥ򣬲Ԫ֮ȫʥ۷塣
ҪǣҪԪ֮ںѵˣȥԪ̸֮˵ˮԪغͻԪԪ֮һʼһͻҪԪ֮ںһѾһܴˣ˵ںϽȥԪ֮ˡ
ң֪ԪزԪأΪʵ̫ˣԪһһ룬ҪﵽļޣͲ
˵ַûټ˵ȥˣȻҲͨǷ񣬵ȷʥ֮ĵ·һḶ́Ϊ̻ʺͰִʦλ;ǻӡ
Ҳֻ֮ͣŻʥǿǿ󣬵Ҫ˵Ǳʲô磬ַͲȷ
ô˵ͨпܴﵽˣջЩ⣺Ȼܼѡ
Ҳַ֪ҡҡͷͻȻЦϾ֪Թǹ̶ģû˵ʲôʱֳһλ񡣡
˵ţַ˫ҲЩ̾ϢͨĿ񼶰ɣʥǿûﵽʥһҲʷԭˣΪʵ̫Щʧʷĳ֮аɡ
ַһĽͣյ˵ͷ֮󣬱أԵͷ˼
ַ翴һרעģлع̲סЦôôͻȻЩ⣿
šճһ£΢΢̧ͷΪ뿪֮ۡͻȻǸо˿ռ֮
Ŷַ粻ǰһֻҪռ֮ǽʥָտɴˣʱѩħǼʥǿߡȻַҲûкܴҰģҲһܵ顣
ڵصͷ˼ţԵò̫ȷšô˵ءҲ̫ʱ仹̫̰ɣֻᵽǸʱͻȻ͸оΧĿǳʲôһЩǰܸоԵرСϸĹУҲ뵽֮ǰĿռ֮ȻҾ;ҵͻȻһЩ
ŷղȷĻַҲ½ۣϸ˼㿼һ£˵˵ָоҲȷǷľǿռ֮ȷҪĺúøʱ䲻ˣҲѾƽˣҶʱҲ뿪֣ҪķɻֱҰɡ
仰һ㶣漴ͷӦ˹ַҲŸոսʥ򲻾ãҲҪȥ飬æվ΢΢ϹǸˣϢˡ
ĵĻȥϢɡַҲվûκοףŷճſȥıӰ̲סּһ䣺ˣ˰Щǹˣȹ׼ˣǾҸ˼忪ս
ǣյһݣæתַע֮뿪鷿
պʹһ뿪鷿ֻʣַԼ
ħƺҲŲ߳鷿ſڵ˰˰֣һ鷿󣬱ͻԼķȥ
ûʹöУַţһ·ϣԺгŸָ飬˼ս£·̤ʥѾԵòôҪˡ
˿̣ԺһĻĻĻ棬ͬҲŸļ䡣
ձӺۡϳʱѹԴҲڳ̤ϼԭ֮ʱпбѩħǹһֽҵ˷Ժ֪ΪʲôЩѾȥ飬ȴַеЩĪʧ䡣
ͻȻǰΪʥ۷壬ʥŷֻһʼǿҷɵġ
֮һַ̣ﲢûжٳ졣
ţ֪ΪʲôͻȻ֮ǰεķ䣬ŷڵƹţڵȴѾĴɨʰʱʧͱøʢˡ
̾һַҲû˼Ӱ£˭Ҳ
һַ֮绹ǻصԼķ䡣
ħƣַͿڸɾ࣬Ϊʱڷ۵ĳ¯Լոջʱͱ˵ȼȻ˿Ѿʰɾַƺܴ濴ȼյĻ档
㱼䣬ƺ뵽˵龰뵽ǸŮɵɵıһһܳĳᣬԾģǾȻһ˿ȡ
һַ̣һݣԼѾ׼ӵˣЩʲô
ҡҡͷַ罫ͷԺѹȥ鲻ԽĿǵ˰ݵϡ
Ѿѣڵ۶޲ӦѾһЩϢɣ
šҲˣԼǲҪȥˡ
һ߿Щ£ַҲһߵһµƹ⣬ϰԵ߽ԡ֮Уɵӿռָͳһѵʱ򣬵ʱʶԼѾﵽʥ۷ô
յô
ŵĹַ֮ǰİ취һ飬Ѿɡڶĵ罣޷ټںϣҲ޷ټѹˣǣԵһֻȴԾķ֡
ڶһ˿˿ȻСַ绹ĸоˡ
ң˿ǡ䡱ʵʵڵ


ʮ ľ
һ˲䣬ַԺЩʧһоֻʣһ˶ʡ
ԼѾﵽʥ۷ô
Ϊʲô罣
ʣַٴγһ¡
һΣ֣罣ȷǣ;Ѿﵽ˱ͣ޷ͨĴ̼ˡ
ڼγַ֮绹֣;Ȼû֮аԣ;ЯĻԪ֮аڷĺڰԪأȴڵĴ̼һš
ַּ˵ǰϰ취ܼʹȥؼǣ罣֤ڶҲǼޣϻµ
֤ʥǿܴﵽ񼶣
ȻַҲûʲôҰģܳɳĵ罣ȴ˲СڴУڴеӰ֮£ܿ죬ҵͷרĵͶ뵽֮С

ڶһ磬̫Ÿոڶո¶ͷ֮ʱַʹͼǲԶǸϷȥ
һ·ϣе˶·ͨϵĵ·ѾĵλʵƫƧ峿ԵʣҲûҪȥ
վڿУַһеԵüΪţһַ˵ԼĸĸѾаʥʦʬ⣬о̲סһʱҪѾΪʬĸĸνǰٸн
ַķٶȣܿ˾ϿգվڿУĿϵһһ
ֻԶɽϵ˾ѾյڣȴȻͦţѾϨ𣬲ʱƮƺ̣ΧոɫмׯϺصζ
ַֻǵһۣʹ䵽˵ϣʱΪʱûл˳ֵԵʣѾһƬɥʬҲ֪صһжַһʱһһ
ôôûأվڿռ棬Ĵ͸ǽڣЩżĻͷַ硣
ַ粢ûż⿪ռ룬þ̽һ£ŵǶˣż
˵ţַ΢΢һߣڿռ֮İ£䡰ߡԶԶ򸲸Ǵȥ
ҧ´ŵעֵϵĸ䣬ʶľס˺
˾صȴһҪ̲סٴοѯʵʱֻԶĽﴫɳɳĦʱһæ俴ȥͿһֻӵСкɥʬ˳
ţġɳɳߵϵɥʬҲԽԽࡣ
סģַյߵ˵סûпĸĸһҪҵߣЩɥʬɶӵо綾ֻҪһ£һ˲ͻữΪŧˮ
˵ţۿݣӿռָͳһֻĳֻ߳Скɥʬȥ˳
˳ſȥͿֻСкɥʬǸӦ˵΢΢̧ͷȥǣֽסʱ򣬵Ѿ䵽Ķͷϣ˲仯Ϊһ̲ˮ
һ£˫иһɾ֮ɫ
ַ翴ٴҲˣھҪ⿪ռϣסһҪ뿪ߡ
һΣصͷȴû˵κλ
ַ翴óнţҲٶ˵ֽ⿪ռ롣
һ˲䣬Ҳƿռ֮סԼ壬Ȼ֮ǰַɲᵱʲôΣգҲֻΪ˲嶯
һоǰ͸ǽڵʧַѾ˽ȥҲҶ룬æӽܵߡ
żһֻֻˡַ翴óЩļŤͷ˵еʱ䡣ҵ㸸ĸҾʹǻȥʦܾܲϵаϢ
û˵һߴųԼΧɥʬһ߻ظַ糯ֵš
һ·ϣ˭ûڣԵýΪѹַ֣ȴʱϵı飬עĵ仯
ֻŸո֣ȴͻȻͣ˽Ų
ôˣǲҵˣַһæ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǣȴҡҡͷָǰһֻѾΪõɥʬַ磬㿴ܶɥʬѾû壬Ҳ֪ҵĸĸѾȥ꣬ǿѾһãȻҾҵҲϲˡ
ָӣ΢΢ҧ´ƺ֪˵Щʲôˡ
ַʵһʶ⣬ֻһֱûж˵ϾֻҪԼˣŻţȻԼôҲһǽ
ʱ΢΢ãȻ飬ַ̾һǰ
˵ţַɨһΧɥʬοԵļ򣺡ģ˵ǾѾΪãҲϵó
ˣַ硣ҡҡͷĿתַ磬ǿЦллܴǻǻȥɡ
ô׷ַ翴۾
ȴһڴϣ˰ɣģܴطҲǼһˡ
£ͻȻԴڶЯſµľ綾ЩɥʬԶ߲ȥҲŵ˵صĲˣԡ
˵Ȼ̧ͷǣȴɫ
ַѯʲôɨΧɥʬһۣҧŰһ˵˳ԣһѻȫյɣ


ʮ ߰Ϣ
ʬ壬ȻȲϻʹ࣬ϣȺ߶Ҫء
ֻбеˣŻᱻԻȻʷϲټɵˣҪôߣҪôĳЩǹ岻ǿйͷ
ǣ½ѽûٳƵˣ˵ҲԽԽңԶ
ʬ壬һּ񶾵ֶΣѾϢȻǰ񼫣ҲٳƵ飬ĳ飬ȴѾɱʱǵµأҲὫʬգһţΪ
ԣʬس̶ȿҪȻ嶼Ҫء
ȻǰɥʬѾٳʬˣַ仰ǳͳ˼ٹ̵֮ڣǲЩԾ
ԭͼƻЩɥʬȫһѻյǰǣĸĸҳŲĴ治
ַ磬յɡַһԾģǿһ䣺ԭӦڵ۶Ϣȴ˲ʬʬĹ磬Ҿã֮飬ҲԸԼɡ
Ҷˡַ˵ͷſռ䣬Яһ˸߿գվһ߶ȵʱַ縩·΢΢̾˿һὫǵĹǻȫص۶ԭǾӦðϢ԰
û˵·Ĭ
ַһżϵħһ³·ȥ
żϵħΪֻءһΧԹħңǾżħʦͷųĻͷ߱Ϊĵ㣬ɢȥһҵһȦΧĴСͷߵħơ
Ѿﵽʥַ˵Ѿˡ
ǿÿռͷŵĵתΪ˵棬ֻСģһɳɫĻͻȻӵϴ𣬽ţɻʱɢΪȦٵسܼɢȥ
ַյĻԪλʥףԪصȻǾżʱȵģżϵħʦͷħΧпȼյȫȼҲոӣȦɢΧڵпȼﶼữΪҽ
ַʥ׵ĻԪ֮ʥ۷ľɢļմʲô壬һ¾ֱӱճ˻ҽ
ǻԭ޾ߵɥʬϵһһľǻȦɢĵطһ˲ȫΪ˻ҽ
ֻգ֮䣬ȦɢСıԵҲһ̵ĹԭѾеĽһƬȫɥʬҲΪ˻ҽʧ˸ֵϡ
ͬʱɢСԵĻȦҲַĿ֮¶Ȼʧ
ʥħʦĿɱҲʥħʦΪֲĵط
ؿѾΪС򣬶ƺĳմĽﵹ죬һ䣺Ŷϣʥֱֲ̫ˣ
⻹ʥħʦûиӿռ֮Ľ˿ռ֮ղһħͻҲճɻҽˡ
ַ絭Ľ͵ͬһħͬȼħʦͷųЧҲͬ磬һϵħʦͷŵĻٶĻԪأҲܰʳ￾죬ʥϵħʦ׿ƻԪصŨȣĳȼյﵽȵĳ̶ȣֱջ١
˵ŵʱַҲûţֻ·ѾΪһƬС֣һռֱ֮ӽСеشԼҵλá
ַ׼СӽռָʱͻȻһ֮ǰﵽʥ֮ʱ۵ռͷ
漴۵һСһСĿռ䣬·Сһ֣С㱻Ų۵õĿռ
ʱַĸоԼ۵ռ꣬ǴϵĿռָһȻѾˣȴĸоߣһĻѾص˵۶Ҳʱռ꣬еСų
ַ΢һ£ÿռֱӽС˻ҽϾɲδõ۶ǿ԰λƾճһС
㶵ؿ·ѾһӵСǻûлعûӦʱַѾɵɽļ˾λϡ
ͬķ˾Ų۵ռɻҽַע⵽͵ļ򣺡ˣѾϢҲûȥˡ
ַһģҲ˽࣬һԶѾɴӵС¶һȻһڣ漴еǰ߶ѾϢˡ


ʮ 
صַۡһܵʱ䣬úþƽġ
ҵ˴ôԼϢԸȥˣ£ðȥٰͬʱҲַصֵϢѩħǼļҳһһĴȥ
ʱ磬ϯѾãѩħǼһЩҳ֮⣬´ʦȶĸڵȫ뵽ϡ
ԭ׮ϯΪַӷϴ˭֪´ʦļ룬һ¾ϯﵽ˸߳
ħʦʵ̫ˣ󲿷ħʦħ֮УƽҪһλħʦϼѣ˵򰬵´ʦħᶼ¸صİħʦˡ
ȻҲֻǴźȻ֪´ʦַģȴûж˸ȥ밬´ʦڨϾħʦĹƢԺиٹ̵˼롣
û˴ڨ´ʦҲֵɣֻǣ˶ʱʱĳԼð´ʦоЩ̫ڣտûһĹʹŲַ˸ǡ
ַȻҲ⣬ͬ⣬˰Ѱ´ʦʦͽ˻ȥŰ´ʦ뿪ıӰȴǸ̾ħʦħʦ˵Ҳֻһ
һСûӰ쵽˵£պгһƬЦĻ
ַ籧࿪ʼܶۡй䣬໹ԭȵģһҲûгߣһַЦݵ˵ϣܵľֱַЩҪѪ߿˻ĺ
ַ绹ע⵽С椶Լƺñǰˣһֱ浽磬С椻һδӣַ绹ǰԴԼĻ֮ǰûйġ
ַ粢ûж룬òװ˸ڵŮϣԼȥѩħǼľӪ
ʱѽƻ裬ֵڶѾ֪ѩħǹص顣
ԭܶͱ˼ǿƻѹĲѩħǼ˽һŭ𣬿ȴȲѩħǹ
һ˵ַص֣ڵѪƺһ¾ͱȼСַ˼Ŀںš
ַһӪʱܵĽӴڼ䣬ַʾǣʲôʱ򹥴ƽԭ
ԴˣַЩϵµʿѪ˻ӦֻҪʲôʱѵﵽҵҪ̾͹ƽԭ
ַͬڷܶۡҲôӦڣ˸ջҪʱ䰲ŲüƻЧֶζԿ˼ʾơ
ǣһʱ䣬ʡ˸ɾҲ۷׷ף²ѩħǼ嵽ö೤ʱ乥ƽԭ
ϢȻҲ˼أȻϢ䴫ѩħǼٷųϢ˼ĸ߲㻹ŭˣ
ǣԭȻ֪׼˶ѾѩħǼϣҲκ֤ݣֻܴڱٳٲ÷ĻѾսˡ
ڣĶԷ׼ҪԼϢ˼壬ͬͬ˵ļ壬Ҳʱ˽Ĳ֮У׼ŸֶԲߡ
ԭȴӵ۶˿ɭ޷뿪۶Ϣµƾ׼ʧ٣˼ҵսĻˡ
ֻ񣬿ɭڵ۶Ů׼֮⣬Ѿͻ˵۶˼ûԣϵҳ̥֧սģҲе̫³çģ֮ʼնͳһ˸Ҹ֤֤׼ѩħǼսɡ
ԣֱ䴫Ϣ˼ϲſʼԴ
˼Ǳߵͬ˼壬ݱĽűս״̬֮ʱѩħǹˣȴֻͼǷΧڲԶһΪСϡ
СɽˮȻ̸Ϸ羰ˣҲһζ
ַ粢ûùǰֻǴ˳һСϣûڼ䶯
ûдŵý°һСɽּ䡣
СɽּϿƽԭϵǸϼңֻԶһ֮ĵطһС
ͣµλãϵҲԶԼֻаСʱҵ̡
ַڰ´ʦͲʱƻ裬ϼѹɽͷȺܾһɳּ䣬Զĵطȥ
һжԵôȻ
طŵ¾𣿡´ʦʸǸ̾ϲ̲ס۾ϸҲ¶һ˿΢Ц룬ûбֵطȻˡһϲġ
ǰطַܲ˫羰ңҲʦļҡ
߾仰´ʦɫһ˫ۿַַ磬ʲôʱܵأ
Ҳַ΢΢һ£˵仰󣬼´ʦһĿԼæŽӦþͻᵽˡ
֮û̶˼巢սҲΪϿȻûԭ
ڣ뿪ϿļѾнӽʱ䣬·̼㣬·ͣĻҲӦÿ쵽ͼˣֻǣַ绹ǵʥʱ򣬷ҹ·ϿҲ̫ΪʲôϿȵڻûиϵ
ʱſͼ̽ϿȵλãϧȻ뵽ʥ۷壬ҲޣǵķΧˣܲϢҲ͸࣬ҪѰҳϿȵϤϢͲһ׵顣
Ҫ֪˾ĵص㣬˵ַͿþˣ޾ĵʵ̫ľˡ
ҲΪԭҲûȥѰҰˣֻͳȥϢŰԼط֮һӿٶȸϻ
ѡص㣬ַȥɽеһЩľ󣬼˱ֳصͼǵܶС
ǣַŸջûãϿȾѾˣ
Ϊˣַæð׼һС͵磬Ͼֻ˰´ʦͽܲࡣ
ϿͰ´ʦһ棬νĿͨ죬˵ĻϿİԼо˰´ʦ´ʦͱʾһȫϿʵ
ϼһǵȲһϿһ´ʦ˵ַԼѡһ֮ǰСɽ֣ǿҪᵽ¼ȥס´ʦҲϲۡæµֵķΧǣպûõʱַ׼԰ͬڵһͻص˶ϵǸСɽ
ַѡǿյϣϿӿռָȡӣԭĸְڷԭء
ϿԼķҲ˹ַסһǣеʱڣҪظۡȻϿַ绹Ǿ뿪
ֵһǣϿӿռָȡӵǸʯʱַ粢ûеƵɱʥʦѾԼɱ顣
⵹Ϊַ絣ʥʵ¶Ӷ˼ȥΪַҲΪԼһ˽ģϿΪʮꡰһε顰ҡôԼȥ
ϿһַΪ˺֮ǣ¾ͲٶԼԭһ㰮ϧˡ
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뿪ַ֮˶ҵ˵ѩħǹݷԸҪκһƬɽ֡
һȻѩħǹˣκηĻͶԹľԲƬɽܵκĴš
ַ磬Ҳ󣬾ܾ˵ٴλص֮ܶۡС
ֻǣŸտڣ¾ͼܵǰ
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һַ磬ǿ˾һæַܵǰע⵽ַɫæһԼ˵
ˣĲˣڸղŲõʱ򣬸ۡͻȻˣ˵ҪģҲûΪʲôͻȻڸۡͰ鷿˭֪ûһĹһ˾ͻȻ˵ҪټĻҪ
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ȷȷһ϶˵䣬ʶʲôæֲˣȻҲⷽ飬ۿ˹˲Ÿ߽鷿žͱԷ
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ַͣЩȻѪϿѣҲԼһЩæѽɽ͸ԼԼĲμһǸĻûУַﲻ̫
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˻һڣһԵİɫһһ¾ᵽɤַۣ绰еĲǣʱȴ֪׸վ˭һˡ
ֻѪȴûеôߣַ⻰ȴǳ֮ĵͷ˵ĲңԸΪһ飬ͬҲлʱһֱչˡ
ðɡַ΢΢ʼ磬ǽѪߵĵǸҲͼѪΪԼʲôֻǣΪѩħǼ峤ΪԼԷ裬ԼҪǲΪһ˵Ҳ̫˵ȥˡ
ҲףѪָ߰ӿ϶ԼǸѻ˵ѾǺܲˡ
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ַֹסŲѪ࣬вҲָһԵλõģ˵ɡ
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嶯Ѫһקסַ磺ȷܰ˼еϲȫҳ𣿡
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Ѫ΢΢˿ԣǲֱӳ֡
ʲô˼ַ绹Ǻɻ
һΣѪյַǰĵҰѼԭͱԭеĺӣȫˡ


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Ѫ߰ħȫˣַ˵ǸĺϢ
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Ӷʢô꣬Կħ֮࣡
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˱ħ޵İַãԼóʮħ޾ܰƽԭ̤ƽ
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һ뵽㣬ַҲûжǣϽʳ˿ڣѪ߸£ЩӦò˼ͨڰɣ
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ԣڼҷַҲ̫
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ַѪѵ¶ζĶʹһůЦû⡣

߳鷿ַȰѷͻǵķ䣬˰£źѪߺͰס
ֵһǣ¼ַѪ˵ЦģӲ㶼˵ϣԴǰһ̻һսģΪʲôֻͻȻ̸Цľ棬ֱð»ȥҡͷΪ̾ϢԼ治ӵϰ
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ѪûԸðڷϵȻ󣬱ַһķǰ
ͨǰŮ͵ַͣ˾֪Ѿ˯ˡ
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Ѫ߳һ漴תַ磺ʲôʱ飿
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ַһС߳ȥ
ʱֵ磬ַԹ緹֮󣬲뿪Ĵ㡣
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ַ͸ˣ˻طͼǵ
ڳϣַżΪҪĻʱ򣬰ҲӦûˡ


ʮ ɽ
صַܶۡЩƵǣ˾ȻڻûлǰɳȥлκͰ˴ѾƽϢ⵹ַһ
ţַһϵķַ磬ڣַ͸췢ֻһᡣ
˭ֻ֪һ㶣˷ܵˣǣҷ˯һȻɹĸܵռ䷨ˣ
˵ţַ粻ԼһݣŤȥſͷųһռ𵴡
ַܵռ𵴵ַ裬𵴵ĳ̶ԼȥľԭȵԼǣĵȷȷǿռ𵴣
ͷųռ𵴣˵˽ʥʸ񣬶ڣ͵Ѷż۷ˣ
һ˲䣬ַƵҲһºתţһʱԷյˣҵĽȻѾһſʥͨѾѷӳȫʵˡ
Ҫһ𣿡տĵЦˣᲱӣ˵ûʵԭȵʱͨѾѷӳҶлԪصˡ
ˣڻַ˵䣬˵ĻᣬͻȻתƻҵĽңϰʹʲô
ŶҪΪԴһ𣿡ղЩɻ
ַȴ΢΢ҡͷ΢Цء
˵ţԼռָҵ˵ִʦ͸ǿţڻļǵãִʦǷԸʥǧöѾĿռָ»൱һӶʧڿռ
ڣַ絥ھѾﵽʥ۷ˮ׼ǰִʦѺܶԪضѾ۷壬ַöռָ˵ҲûκӰ졣
˵ŵĹҲҧԼָһѪε˿ռָϡ
ۿַ罫ռָѪԼҲûţش˴˫֣Щ˼ĻȽðɡٺ٣ʵˣϵӶϰʹΪӲڶİ»ܶܳʺϱԭֶӻ
ססַݴʣﲻһ񺮣˿ѾܸоöռָԼľһ˿ϵͰԼָϣ˳˵ˣȿûû
õģǾ鷳ˡ˷֮ɫæּ˾䣺ʵûеĻͻǸһѳɣҪʿҪʿխһͨ
šַ˵ͷȴѾ̽˰ִʦ͸ǿſռָ
ֻǣһ̽ȥһ
Ϊ濰ʮɽСĿռ䣬Ѿ˸װ
УиֽǴӡԼȭűв٣ңлס֡ȡѥľͷУ
ңַֻɨһȦоͼѾµħȣ
ռָĸַãԼǰֻ൱һֻɽµϡ
൱ʮɽٵнӼʮ
һ̣ǰ飬ɽһѵַ𾪣ԴֻʣһͷôִʦƽһҲҪϼʮɣ
֪ԼſͣѾͬʱȥüˣ
ڿռָɨһȦַŷԼƺЩˡ
Ϊекܴһֲûп̻Űִʦ֣ЩԻʹùĺۼǱʹùһ
һЩַͻȻ뵽ִʦ֮ǰ½ϵʥǿȫɱһ飬뵽һǴЩɱ˵ģַҲȻˡ
ֻǣѡ˺һַ㷢ÿһصĹܣȻбȽϡͨռ˾ҲܶྫƷҲͨƷȵġ
ɪոǱӲֱǷ
ַҿ϶һӳȥŵгȥһ
˵ﵽʥ޷ʹ֡룬ܼԣһͨļƷʹҲܲ
ӵɽַ൱һԶҲֵĲԴ񡰸ĳַһԳΪԣˡ
ڣַſһɢŻԪصҲ̻һΪޡ֣ѡͬ֡ѥڵһװ󣬲ųؾһװӵ˷յǰ
һʼЩַŴʲô˼׵ʱǰͻȻ硱ͼһװԼǰ
Щװϣܸܵ˿ɢĻϢʶľʹһ¡
ˣЩ͸ġַóݸգΪޡԡ
ӲŴַнӹڿйע£·߿ռĽ𣬶ʱһδסˡ
ԭΪַеġַֻ˵ûϿǣֻ£̾ͷͲһġƷо£ÿһƺռĹ
û뵽ôֲ˿ռҲûжⰡַŸղµĽƣĵ˵ͷ
һַȷԼȷһҪȴֲҪ飬ѵˡȻʵ̫ˡ
ˣϻˣŰɡַ絭ذ˰֣ңϵס֡ȡѥľԼͷȫ
ذըַ翴ŷһģһζһֻļҵĽҲϧʹһװɲҪٽĴսҶ˰


ʮ ļϰ
ò˸жһѱһķգַ۷Լķڡ
еȫµ˺㿪ʼռָɽһࡣ
ǣռָʵ̫ˣȻַû˵ϳͣһֱֵƻʱҲûнЩȫꡣ
һĹַѾϤвҳһЩȽʺûﵽʥͨʹõֹͣԭֻһȥɢĵİǻˣ
һĻƻ裬ַһξٰһС͵硣
ϳݡϰ֮⣬뵽˱ȶĸԼͿͶ
ľѾ࣬ңϣַԿóǱϻ䣬ֻ𼱻ѾʧƽʱüͷҲѾ滺ĵ˷֮ϵĿ˼ĬСЦ
ݺϰؼָܻ״̬Ҳ̲ס¶Цݣݸ̸ַ֮࣬ʱķ羰Լġ
ֵһǣӦַһʽǱĺ˹Ĳ߻֮£Ѿ˳Ρ
ݴеĿĵغС
ȻֻǳΣݻе⣬ַԺоһЩӡ󣬾ݰ˵ǳǱռ൱һС͵ĳˣеĳѾ˵۶ħļ
뵽վߵ泯󺣣ַͰݵﶼŨŨΡ
һ̸£̲סеĳ嶯ǳǱδã˵ھҪַȥסˡ
ֻǣţ˵ĻҲĵ˼ϡ
һ·ַ֮ڣȻûмʲô³ͻҲܸܵǹսǰĽţϰѯַ׼ʲôʱ俪սʱַƽظһ仰һ׼ĻǾս
ô죡ϰ׼ʱҲһ
һԵͿͶֱüͷ˿ɶǸĽ죬Ȼ˶ֻʱǶ֪
ַƲͿͶһۣص˵ͷʵԭҲ׼һЩʱģ۶ᷢһ飬ұҪϻȥ
飿ϰؼ˻δڣȴһ¾ż۶Ҫʲôɻڵ۶أ
һΣַ綩󵽺ڰǴΣȻڰ̻ʱ˲ûֱ͸¶ʲôϢҲܸܵڰ̻ʵּ飬ԣʱַһ۶£ԭеģһ¾
˵仰ʱַҲʶһۣȻû˵ʲôȴҲԼͶѯʵĿ⣬֪Ȼ޲أҲһֱ޲һλá
ǵַһ˵һĻԣԺûʲôϵֻ˵ʹʱ۵۶ַ飬Ϊ۹սͳ˧ҲҪͬӭЩʹġ
˵ţܲͷʼ硣
ôһ˵ݺҲһ»ȻŵҲص˶һԵϰȴǽüͷҪڣȴʼնûпڡ
ַע⵽ϰصı飬Ϊǵ޲صİȫ㿪ڰοؽͷİɣԺڵ۶ǲκΣյġ
ҲǵԺ˵İȫϰҡҡͷ˰죬̾˿Ϣ˭˵ģѵǻʹ𣿡
ַ֪˵ʹģǿܻΪҳ飬Ҵ˽ڰԼǲȥϾ˵ĻԼҲκηӵɡ
ǣһ£ҡͷʹڻûдϢʹѪ߸׿˵ġ
ϰزţַ绹һ䣺ھأ˿ûڸ
ֻǣϰϳɵɫûмٶ٣˼˼ַ֣罫Ҫ̲סٿڰοʱϰ㿪ˣֻǣ˼һ㣬ϵıҲԵޱȣַ磬ʱһȥɣ
˵ţַԼ˼æ˵վͻ˼սҾãƾʵӦò˼ܰ˼̤ƽھͳ۶Ļ㶼Ѿ˼̤ƽϻص۶ˣȴ·ء
ؽȥ۶ʲô飿ַʶϰƺڵ޲صİΣ̲סһ䣬һڣϰϵʱʶԼʧ̬æ˵ǸҲûѯ˽˼
Ǿͺáϰذַһۣȴûֱ˵Լȥ⣺ȥ۶Լ˽£˵ȥɡ
ðɣû⣬ʱҴһ·ַεشӦϰؼģ֪ԼӦĻھͻҹȥ۶ص۶ַҲͲϰһ֪۵ˡ
ֻǣʿݵʱȴְݵҲɻȻҲ֪ϰصȥ⡣
˭Ҳȥϰص˽£Ȼ죬ǣ˽˭Ҳȥ棬ǣһתȻȻľת˶Ը˼ϡ
սַ˵վͻ˼սÿͶɵýֻһСĹ˾뿪
ַ粢ûˣѪ˵ͻǰȥ۶Ѿȥ죬ûӵʱ䡣
ֻǣͶڸǵʱ򣬰ͻȻ뵽ַ齨ǸŮӲţǵҪһȥҪַ硢ԼϰԡջҪϢĽĸһȥˡ
һ£ͲĿַ磬Ϊַ绹ǸŮӲʲôϵֱַЩЦá
ͿͶһߣȶĸҲ˸ǣַ֮Ҫ˶Թ˼ʲôڿ˶ûʲôԵ˼ַҲĵͬ˵뿪
ɢȥ֮ϰغصԼķ䡣
ݺַҲһڻط·ţȻѾ飬ȴҲûз֮ʵʱַֻص֣·ϣڴȴֺ߲˼ֱԡ
ַȫһҵ飬ֻŵͷ·Ҳûж룬Ŀھ͵ݣ˵ؽôҴҵĸ۶Ϊʲô飿
һ㶣عɻҲ֪һʱûбֳκżص۶˼ѽ
Ŷô˵һ˵ַʱЩֵڸղϲģ
ַ˵ĺܲȷɰȴ϶ĵͷ˵Ҫص۶ʱҲŷزһ¾ͽ
׽ʲôأַҧһ´ɻݣңڵ۶ǲǻʲô
ûѽôôأҡͷҵļزһֱ͸ڸߣҲû˵ʲôѽ
ǣһ˵һ֪ˣ
֪ʲôˣַʱӵ
ƺЩ˷ܣ֪زΪʲôżص۶ˣ
Ϊʲôַĺһ¾ͱ
ʱȴûֱ˵һ䣺ϲ˵ص۶Ϊ˸ȥӼ𣿡


ʮ ˲ﵽʥ
ǰַ粻Щƣؽʲôϵ
ַɻģݽһЦٴѵӦûǵÿɪհɣΪؽǸŮˡ
һ⻰ַ統
ǵڼԭʱҸ˵زɪ֮䷢һЩ顣˵̲סͷ˺ڸ׿в֪ɪѾһλʹˣ⻹ǰزѯʸʱ͵ء
ַⷬȻ׹ǰӰִʦĿУַ֪ɪǻͣȻڼԭʱݺϰضû˵£ַҲо֮ȷһЩ˵Ĺϵ
ֻǣǸʱڼԭյأַľһֱǽģϰԲԸ˵ûжʵ˼Ѿȥʱһᣬַһ¾ͺôѲɻһι𣿡
ǰͻȻ̾˿ʵҲֻ̫֪زʱ뿭ɪйһЩɪյȺ븸ײһЩìܺĦ˲԰زģӴ֮󲻻ٴزмһˡ
ٺز֪ɪձ̵飬Ͳʵȴֻҵ˿ɪյķĹʹ֮࣬زڿɪյķǰģӴ֮پʹ
˵ЩпͻȻͷҹգһɪΪʲôƭزҲ˿϶˭Ҳû뵽ǵȫˡ
ַһŰݵĽһߵͷһݻһ˵ңʵʲô
˵ǺһλɡݲȷҡҡͷԼãɪչҲƭزģ븹УĿҲ˵أ
ԭؽôһ۵Ĺ°ַ̾һȴЦǲһ뿭ɪռĻˡ
ǰҲܿһμĻˡҲЦˡ
ַ粻ɻһΣ
ǰЦ洺磬Ƥգգۣ˵ڴ֮סһأ
˵Ĳַ統ˣǣͻȻоռһ󲨶Ӿͳտȥɫ΢΢ɻ󣬲˵ǵ£ѪѾ߹ˡ
˵ţֹס˽Ųһ㶣ҲֹסŲ˳ַĿ⳯ȥͿڵеȷһӰٳ
ӦʱӰѾɵǰӿл
Ѫ߸£˵Ż𣿡Ѫ߽䵽棬ַͳдһ䡣
ǣ仰µʱַͷ֣Ѿ䵽Ѫ溮˪ԼƺҲôˡ
ҲЩѪΪʲôĿַ磬ֻǻѯʵʱѪͻȻĿתȻߣַ絥̸һ顣
һ㶣ʱ֪˵ʲôˡ
ַ粢ûֱð뿪ȴ΢΢üѪ߸£ҵδޣˣѵʲô鲻浱潲ô
ֿĵ̣ȻѪλͣɲڼԭð뿪ĻȻַȷݲῴԼȴЩˬ
ҵĵ̣Ҳܲܶɣ
ѪƺҲʶ˲ףԥһ£ǿ飬㻹뿪ɡ
һ⻰ַɫһ¾ѿȰ˵תڽݣԼطɣȻȥ㡣
ȻҲ²ʲô飬ַһ˲üеģǿɻҲûжʲô΢΢Ѫߵͷ뿪
Ȱһ뿪ַͼѪ߸£ʦôˣ
㡣ѪһΪʲôǰҿһп׵ʦɱģѵҶԸǸʦô
ѵΪ²ŷɻҵģַȻô˵ȴ΢΢˿룬Ѫһھ⣬˵Ͽûгʲô⡣
Ѫ䣬һüԴĿһ΢ô
΢ЦˣַƲƲ죺Ҫ΢Ƕ˵ûиҪˡ
㻹Ѫ΢΢ŭ
ַæһڴϣΪѾɱˡ
ɱˣѪһ£Ȼûлع
ַ˵ͷѵǰоǳսʵҸŪġ
⻰Ѫߵɫ˲٣ֻǣһ̣ɫȴô߿ѵ뿴Զʹ֮𣿡
ô˵ʦʲô鶼˰ɣַȻ̾һѪߵͷ˵ʵҸ˵һС˽ģҲ֪ʦǻ˼ˣҸѾˣûǣңħʵʱͲϧˣҲһֱ临ǣңĸһЩ
ַĽͣѪ߳ĬˣֻƬ̺Ҳ̾ϢһУһЩ취һЩ
ҲôַʱҪ⻰Ѫλ֮ڣַѹͲš
ȻѪߵ˵ͷֻҪʥȻиõˡ
ⲻڰ˵ôַһۣ˳ݺݱһ£ҪϿܽʥòŵʲôǣڣϿͣڰ˼۷塣
ôȥҪͻʥ򣬸ûпܣ
ǣַϣѪȴҡͷַĹ۵㣺֪һ취˲ﵽʥ򡣡


ʮ ʥ
ʲô취ַһʶ˵仰
Ѫȴûֱ˵ֻǵֻ֪취ȴûжٰա
Ұɣֻ֮һİҲԸȥԡַ߬ȭͷᶨѪߡ
Ѫ߾עַӣԴ佱ˡ
ܵõѪĿ佱ƽʱַһеѵãڹϣû˼ȥ룬æߴٵʲô취

Ѫ߾ȻΪس̾˿Ƭ̣˵ܰͨ˲ʥ򾳽磬ΨŻ꣬۹£˵ҪʥӶӭδڰ˵ѣ󣬲֪ΪʲôȴһֱҲû۳һ
ʥַһ¾˫ü壺ʥǿߣ
ûѪߵ˵ͷʹߵʱŵһʱิڼҲûʹãһֱ͸õڣ񣬿ҵʹ֮ˡ
ǻʲôַżڸϽϵɣȻʥ飬ǵһ˲ﵽʥ˵϶㲻ʲô⣬һܾġ
ڻСѪȴҡҡͷ޷ϵΪҲ֪Ҿֻܵϵˡȼɣʹ۵۶Ҳġ
شַҲ侲Ҳȱ⼸ʱ䣬ͷǺãҾȰȫꡣ
㵽ʲôʱ׼˼壿ѪͻȻתƻ⣺ҿɾҪ۶ˡ
죡ַһҧʱ֪Ͽٵİ취ѾȲˡ
Ѫˣ˼Ƭ̣ŵû⣬ȥǣ׼һоֱӴҡ
õģ̾ȥ׼ַҲûзϻ˵䣬Ѫ˸ǡ
ѪҲûж˵ٴηϸ߿գСǸɽּٷ˻ȥ
ַˣת뿪ֱ˰ݵķС
ƹͨȻڵַ磬ַ𼱻ǵĸȰѯʣ˵Ѫߵ⣬ͱʾ̾ȥ׼˼顣
ݼַƽһֱŵҲ˶ַҪ׼˼飬̾ͱʾҲҪһǰȥ
ַջҪϢΪڣִӦһŮӲŽ죬źò׳ɹ˯
ַصԼķڣͷڴϣִ̽ʦ͸öռָУѰſõϵ
ʱһţɫԽԽڣֵһƬ֮С
ʱ¸紵ۿ֦ŵʱַķͻȻˡ
ۡ󲿷˶Ѿ˯ֻҹѲߵļ߶ţʱһƤѥ̤ص
ַûκγɣϸ߿գȻԼľӪȥ
ûַ˾ӪϿգȥͿҹﻹڲĸӡ
ɢַ㷢˷աͶԼͲ״˵λãһԶڰеҪۡѡһ˶ȽϽĴ;񣬱һԼ
ţַ䵽
ʮأʮû뵽лͻȻһȫڽɫеӰͽγгңңַָ磬Ϊһ˻ȵʲôˣ
ַ磬ǵѩħǹַƽûʮ˰νָԼﻹ͡
Ͼʮ˾ٺãҲ϶ûдﵽʥֻԼϵĶȷʥǿߣ˭ʥǿͨߵĲ࣬ǲûη壬νǳԼԱЩ˵ļʡ
˵ǵְ𣬵ʱһԼܵвܶ˸Ͳ뵽Լְˣԣܿǰʮûһη壬ַҲο
ʮһ⻰һ㶣ȥַϵʱڣʱ㲻ԼͬȥΪǸˣԸһ˳еð
⻰һڣһʣµͲˣֻǣʱַûȥ˿ڵʱ򣬾̴ϵ˺ˣûʲôðģҲǾְأɡ
ַ翪ڣһͬʱվʱз֮࣬ÿ˿ַǳȵĳݣ
ȻԭȾ˵ԼĹʥǿߣ棬ۼǵһľȼһ㣡
ʥ򰡣ǿÿľ磡
ңȻǹʥǿߣҪ̤ƽ˼͸ʲôˣ
һʱ䣬ַ˳֮⣬Ҳ˼־ϲ
ַֻǵıǵʲôˣʱַҲǽʲôϾҪЩ֪ԼĹ涨޷ֱӲսʿϾһСĴ
ңѪ˵죬ԺܻðһЩͷоѪ֮ǰ˵֮Ĺ涨
ȵַȴֱȥǶȥϢɣҪһ£Ȼ˹ǼҲ
˭֪˵仰ǵϾͷɫΪ׵ǰһˣ²а
ôַ粻üëһ
ˣǻѺ˼忨ɭү׼ءƺǲ̧ͷ˹ǣ뿪벽Բ׼κߵĻᡣ
شַ֮࣬Ҳ΢΢ЩΧɨһָۣŵôΧԲʮȫǵˣܻܵȥ
ǣˡҧ˵仰Ȼǹ˵˹ҲԼңʥǿߣһСС׼ܴӹ˵۵߲ɣ
ҲľԴ˵䣬æַÿ˻֡
ˣŰɣȻ˹ֱַҲǲͨˣֻǷһ̣ƺǱܿ˵ĸо̲סѵ䡣
˵䣬Ҳٶ˵ʲôƿŲ˽ȥ
һƬڰһ˿΢ĺַӿռָȡһյħƣһ͵ȣſڵİ衣
ȻСеİȴܼ򵥣мһֱӲڵϣһͷɢˣ˾ϵ·ǲҪַ粻֪ص׼Ҳϲ
ΧһľͰ滹ʢŰͰˮľͰԱһУʱпһ
ȥһЩﻹһͰﲢûɢŶζӦѾʱˡ
˿̣ͻȻĵƹַ߽񷢳̤صһ¾ͽ˯ŵ׼оѡ
һȻ̧ͷ


ʮ ˽
ַͿ׼ͷɢҲǸֻҵ¶޽ͷؤһֻϵûʲô˺ۣ촽ҲѪɫȻûŰ
˿̧̣ͷһַǰϵı־ʱ󺰵ѩħǹˣһȥҸһǮģҲһӦеģ
ַĬĲ˼ռϣ׼޷ȥų˹ȥӣħһߣڼѾģףӦÿɭôں𣿡
׿϶ںң׼ƺûж룬һַ粻Լ͵ͷԭҪٻص۶ģǺҾ䵽ˡ
ŶΪٻص۶ʲô𣿡ַûеƣǰɱԼļһ
׼һ㶣ַ˼Ȼ˵ԼĹ۵㣺϶Ҫң֪ҵĲܣ
ܣַ֮ԱǣҪȶ֪Ҫɫٱÿɭϧһдۻô
ô֪ȶ׼סˣӦ죺ҳϣҵȷûǣұ֤׾ԲҲܵģ
Ȼ㲻ܣٴҲ˼ءַǰ˴ؼǣҿֵֵû㡣
϶ֵã׼һҧַԼĻ
ַȴҡҡͷҲôá
׼һ¾ż뻹ҪʲôַȴֱӴϵҪأҪô
һΣ׼סˣͣĬ˺һΪʲô
ΪʲôַЦˣεҪɱң㻹Ϊʲô
ܰ׼ǲţһֱмӣôܻҪɱأ
Ŷϵȷͦҡַͬĵ˵ͷ˵䣬һתǣʵȴպ෴
׿϶Ǳݺˣ׼ͲַĻ˵Щ϶ǸģˣңԲЩģ
Ϊһһô̵ַ˵һ䡣
׼ʱͨ죬֪η
Ŷˣһ¡ַʲôֹĸף㻹˰ɱңû
ôܣ׼ļˣҾûɹȥɱңҸҵ
ѾˣһΣֶһַ粻мһѵǲԩģѵ֣Ӧûǵðɣ
ѡ׼˵һ֣ɫ䣺㡢㡭ǡ
ǵģҾǵǸˡַ˵ţоѾˣվ˵һ䣺Ҳ¸㣬ͬҲǿɭĶӣֻǱĹܼϣϳŵ˽ӡ
˵ţַ⳯׼һ֣ʱһɿռ̶֮׼ĺ䣬ֻ׼ɫ˵ľ㵣ַҪת뿪Ҫʲôȴ֣Լκʼն޷һ֣
Ϊַ緽Ѿÿռ֮׷ס˵񵱳ڼԭѪ߷ס˵˵һûַʥǿΪ׼⿪Զ޷˵κλˡ
һַͿ㱨ķգһַ߳ͶȺ˰֣æַˡ
ַͷѾԼļЦͦʺ㡣
æֱӸַһ䣬󣬳̽һۣˣ׼ô
š롣ַ˵ţأԵͷĬƬ̧̣ͷɣսͰ˰ɡ
šŵţˣûɣսʤŵĻѱһЩʲô
֪նݳַ΢΢˵ͷȴǵҲõģѾ˵ˣšΪ˱ڷ֮ǰȰ˫ֶȻȥмһưͲмˣӦǸ㲻ʲôӵģҪɱɵȰŵ㣬Ŷˣûԣǵ˸һ㣬ˡ
󡢴ˣΪʲôյɫЩѿҲ̫
ôַ絭бӦ
ѵǰȻһ¾Ͳµʲô
ַȴϼ˵˰֣ˣǲ̸Щɨ˵ˣҲͶͲ״Ҳ쵽ˣǻ̸̸°ɡ


ʮ 
ԭַ϶Ե޹ʵĵӪԵ޹ʵӪԿ׼²ʱͶ˵ַ˼Ҫ칥˼壬ϽӪҹʿʿ
˿ȻһַĻһݣ״̬׼һߡ
ûһĹͶԼ״½ϵ⿴ȫַĿŵһϣȥ˰Ǽһ̧
ǡһΣûԥһִƺƵ˽ȥ
״һĻ˿˵ɫ̲סʵˣôĸǲҪ
Ļû˵˭ףַ˵ͷڵţȻ̸ɡ
仰״ʶȤıͣûãͰϵ׼̧
׼ΪַҪʲô̧ʱǾ֣һַվԭأʱҪƴ˵ʲôס˵˿ֻ̾ܳ죬ȴ޷³һ
סͣȰ̧һ߶ȥַ仰תȥ
ĿͶˣӻһƲһӸ
ӹƲ΢΢һһ׼׼˫˫ŶϣֻĿַӰʧУɴ˫ۣȴûκΰ취
ռѾȥæ˵ȥһӺͼȥ֪̩ͨ¸ҵսԼͼȫ
ǣ˹һ˰׼Զ̧ߣԼֱŷӪصķȥ
ۿǵӰԶæ֮С
ַһ߽󣬾յħڷ˵ϣ˿̣Ѿգ֮ǰˮͰͰҲһȥַ翴һŸĿͶв״վԭأŷս
ûƿ˽͵ˣȥҪһӺͼӣսϻеͼҲѾ͹ˡ
Ŷʱżַ΢΢Щ⣺˰һĸ֮⣬ԼǵĸҪһЩװ
װɫһŹ֣ѵҲȫ𣿡
ţȫַƽʲôϵĲɷһ⻰вһգˣǴֱʰ
ԭЩյ˼˿̶Ҳᵽһ˼ֻǣַͷ˭û˵̲סЩɻ󣬿Ͷֱʵˣ˹˵ġָʲô
Ȼ˵ɡַһ֣Ȱһĸ
˵ţӻַָ࣬ȿͿͶˣʵûսʿˮ׼ʱȲҪˣš͸սڼǼԼ˵İȫ򣬿Ͷάʡȶͺڡ
ַķԸһۣӶԷпһ˿ʧһ˿ңʵϣҲԼʵ㣬ΪѩħǼĽ죬ΪάԼź͵λҲѲսڼְ
Ҳ֤һԼַ֤ûôԼ
ֻʵսʵзԣһַİţ˰һȴЩʧ
ĽҲ뵽ԣַİź˱ͬ
ַ˵ͷĿת˷գ˹㸺սڼȫȨ֮𣬾˹̸֮ЩطҪǰȥ
Զַ绰еġЩطеɻ󣬲ʱҲûжʣԱߵĲ״һֱۣӹ
״ۼտԼַ뿪ЦЦˣѵҴ𣿡
ַ絭ҡҡͷ˸˹ĽϺΧصзӴܵĽԼʿοɾͽˡ
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仰ʳеʣַĻսƺֻСЩط˭ַ֪ĿҪռƽԭѵ׼Լһ˺ɨƽԭ
һ̣λвͬʱͬʡ
ȻַЦˣȫˣʱǾ֪ˡ
һ⻰˲ɵַŵЦݣҲʱȻһ˺ɨƽԭ˼ҿʥǿ߰кɨ
ַ翴ϼͬʱ¶Ȼı飬оĶʲôȴûжֱͣתƻˣҰѴװǡ
£ӿռָзֱȡһװĸ˵ǰֻ硱죬˻㱻ͻڽŵµװһ
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˵ʱ򣬳˷֮⣬˶ѾʼװѡˣȻͿͶ˼ȻҲǲʶˣһ֣ͷװĲʶľһ¡
״˵û򵽿ռ򣬵һ̾ѾЩװûһǷƷԭֻǵ죬õĿɶǴƷװȱʱ򣬾ҲҪʹãһô༫Ʒĳװǰ˲͸оԼȫѪҺһ¾ͱȼһ
ַ羲ؿ롰ҡ״̬еˣһԻȽ侲ķ֣ȷߵߵʱַƲһۣߵ
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˵ţַķյļŲ߳
ŤͷһԶŵ׼ַҲöᣬվʧ˵Ұ
صַۡɢԶСɽѪߣֱ֪ͨǰȥӪƬ̣˰ݵķС
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ԭַҪǰ˯˾Ͳٽˣ˭֪ݻǸŮӲţ۷ŹģַҲȻʧЦ
żģⲻ׼ȥǸŮӲַ΢Цңһ׼һװأ
˵ţַʹӿռָȡһŮԴһװڷ˰ݵǰ
һονǿַһ£æװַ׼һѺڰԵذףַǰȻһ£ô
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ȱһվ§ˡ˵ţַһ´ܵߣһѾͽ˻һҲʱʶַڶյᣡ
һַʹŰһ˿Уɵ˾Ӫ׼õǸ񴦡
ǣ˸һ䵽ʱַɵˡ


ʮ ȫ
ֻվһˣ˷֮⣬ǵһЩ֣˿̣ЩȫѾַ͸ǵװһͦӭſнٵַ硣
Щ⣬ַ绹ע⵽һվһĸŮԣŮӵһͷ췢ϵȵĽϳӢ߾Ȼѷɫ˸Ĳ״
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ַֻɨŮһۣĿʱͱѪԵ˸סˣһ̣ûע⵽ݳ˵æ첽ߵѪǰȵʦ´ʦôҲˣ
Ͳ𣿡´ʦȴǷһ䣬ϿƵЦַļ򣺡ѵ㵣ϼһϺ𣿡
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Ѫߺܺʱ˵Ŀڴϵİɣַ磬Ͱ´ӦҲսҲŴǹġ
Ҹףħϼһڿǳĺģħʵõĵ߶ǻĽңܲΪµأ´ʦ˵ţЦſϿ˵Ķ԰ɣ
Ͽ˵ͷʾͬ΢Цַ磺ģͰͶڣϼһɲսŶˣĸ׻˯ûðͶ
ӭλħʦˡַ練Ӧ֮󣬲ҲĵЦ
һԵİݴ˿ַ̿ǸŮˣɫ˲٣ֻǣڽʱԱߵȺʱķǰˣˣѾҪȫϵˡ
˵ţһӣһһЩˡ
ݱһˡеĻŭţеĴʱɢһգģסֱַۣ΢ЦĿһǰܡ
ǸĸŮˣʶͦظȻ΢Цȴǳ¹¹ƣƺŮһԼƵˣ˭ҲԸá
ǣŮȻҸ˹ȥңǣǰȻûŮ˵ڣһ׼ʿ񣺡ˣˣŮӲųţӵ弶սʿʵ
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漴ַУʱѾʰɾ˴ɨһ飬ڿռΪޣмڷһС͵ĻźܶԼͼַֻһ۾֪Լ֮ǰʱЩѾһˡ
˷׷ַ֮ȡ˵Ļ㱨ա˻㱨ķ֮ҲԼĿ
ȻֻһССŵųȴ޷ȡģֵ㱨ʱڳһ׼ʿ񣬲
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һߡߡߣͻȻ죬һͷʺŵַɻʲô˼
һ仰һ¾ڵѪʿöĻ԰λ֮ڣʱ
Ͱɣ˴ţͰɣ˼ҿǹ˰
ãַ翴ڨڨģƲһɫİţŤͷ԰ݽ͵ݣſеһָǴззԱӴˣм为ˣߣָľǸǵֱˣ˵ΪԵס
޵ĽһҲɵϣȻҲףȥΪʲôŮԵ׵ɵֻһʼһֱŮӲų˺ڴû뵽ַЩȥԵףûӦʳ仰
ڣع֮󣬰ݾæѡ͡
֮ɵر˳ڼƻ˸ϸĲ裬ԼµһϵӦԷ֮˱뿪
ַһ۶ʱȻδѾӽһҹöŮӲʧȥȤİѣ֮ǰûгϢ˿ѾַĻƣ˯ȥ
ڸ˴ھӪϿͰ´ʦַ㱧ŰѪһ˸߿գھ֮ܶۡʱַȥѰݷŻ˷ַ֮Ըµ֮ȥϵɽȽӹַϸ߿գѪһ𣬾ֱƽԭȥ
ͬʱѩħǼľӪҲѾȻ죬ʿףڽ߾ٳѪĺ׳һƵ
˼ȫչ


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ʱ֣ɫ΢ȻɺڰʱĿȴԵø¡
˼ľӪһƬţսʿǻδӳ˯ѣֻһЩһҹʿΧǰżǰϢ
ϱߵķߴڽӽѩħǼʡľԱľӪ˲٣ɫҪʱҲǰһҹʿΪ뷦֮ʡ
˿̣һѶϨϱΧϵҹʿͷһԣﾡƣ룬һûһţȴŲúĽʿĵ
ŶķѵͲһѲ𣿡һʿŤͷʿȥʿƲƲ죬ִԱߵĲץһѲӽɢЩɣӶҿɲź򼴽ǵһ
٣㿴ǱߵĿķһѣͲû𣿡ӶƲһԶһ𣬽˽Լ죬ԹŶϣÿʱʱҾȥϻµнˮһ͸٣һﳢҹζ쵰ҿܹˣ
Ӷ㻹ͣɣΪٻԭôᰮôһֱûڵĵʿ䲻Ĳмһ䡣
Ŀķϵ˵ĲٿǱǰŵС椸ߵҲµڿ»أ
Ӷһ⻰ƲƲû˵ȻǶ˵Ĺ۵ʾͬ
Ҫ˵µøЩϵɫС͸٣ͼǸһҹɣɢض䣬ջͱͱ·ŽȥĲ
Ӷһ⻰ʱмУҪܸ㵽ɫ椣õȥ͸٣§Ÿһҹ۵ʱһѰĴȣǹԹСҾ˯ȫˣ
Ϲˣ˼ҽεεСԸһҹ𣿡ķıȵĴ󴲣𣿡
ǵÿӶıˣһѽջһԣһưţͻȻתƻˣôһεεͻȻǾӪ˵᲻ѩħǼйأ˵Щ߲˷ʺүǿɶôԸѩħǼأ
ѩħǼʲôϵһ˵кܶС椳أӶҡͷ˵ЩС椿ɶǸүصľƹܳϵȻ輴սͷӱнˮԵʺݺһʣҸҴģһս죬ЩС椾ԻڵһʱܵһʣңĳǶûлɣЩСϹʲôģ
ҲԣƺֻǼ͸Ǽ˵ļЩεεС椣û˵үϴʲôϢķͷ͵
ȴһβмڵүԶأЩʲôڻǹܺԼɣӱһǮˣȺե˳ǵɾֵˣ
ٺ٣˵ĶԣӶ˾һֱӣԱۣûע⵽ԼߣһĳüЦֵҲǴ꣬ʱҿǼǳٻһǸˣɫˡؼǣ椹ζ·ƫƫ¶ŴȺظʱٵӶɳˣ
Ӷ֪̫ˣķҲ˾ָӶЦСĳȥ
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סһ㣬Ȼվ彣Сسݴȥ
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С߽ǰߵݴԱԵʱȻݴ￳¡
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ĿķӶͿһθ߽ݴûһͻȻŵ״һȻˤڲݴУïܵĲݴֱסӰɹǣ˺üӻûм
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ǣηݴԣȴʼնûпصɻ
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ɹթħȴ͵ʿǣɱӶ֮ͻȻԴȻ໡
һԶԶ˳ȥ˲;˴ԭصʿǡ
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ؼǣħȺɨӪͬʱڱ߲ԶĲݴҲһ·ԵһĹ
лżҲʳʬħɢĶ
ħȫɨʱչ


ʮ ԲԵ
թǽУѾ˲ϢʿɻЩʿµʱ򣬾ǳ񣬶Щʿ֮³彣ֵκΣǵʵ໹絥ֻǣ˵üֻǰΧסˣû£彣һڱҧϣһ̣˿ǵ
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ſȺ룬ѩȺڱĴ֮ҲѾɱ˾Ӫ֮С
ѩαȱС˺üȦܷеĸ߶ҲԶԶ񣬿ɾǷеĸ߶ҲԶͨʿܹŵģһһֻֻҲ˸
еʿڻδ˵ʱ򣬾ͱıѣȻеʿܿ췴Ӧöס壬ȴǱڵĿǺʳʬħҧԴ
ֻǶ̶һСĹǰľӪѾһš
ڣʱһţߵһأʿӳ񣬴˾ĺŽ
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صĺŽԶԶȥѹסͬҽеҲѹסħǵĺ
ʱʿȻѵֵħ޴Ҳֿ
ֻܶʿѾ˳ſзѩһȥǣҪôĿ꣬ҪôͱƷߵĿ˵ڵأ֮䵽еļʸܶҲѩǵĳȥ
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˵䣬Ȼӵվɫ䣬ץ¼ϵ·ҪﻹоʲôʱֵģôһϢûУ
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ͿڵĴϣһεεĽ˶̧ܷܷӿڵڶͷ㷢
һεε˶׵¾Ͳ֪Ϊʲô壬ǵʮǰӪʱһ㶼ûжŮ˶ġ
Ϊ˼һ٣ʲôŮûôῴ־ƹݻʹϾƹƷ
ǣ֪Ϊʲôֻǵõ߽ʱŵɢ޷ʱʱȻĶ
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ǣһͱòһˣȻʱһǣɾǲԼһָ
ҪǷ׵һȹȥˣװʲô崿ĲǾƹݻ
һΣ֪ΪʲôȻĶӲ֣ƺֻҪˣԼҲˣԣʮ죬׵Ҳûǿһָ
ңԼĴøԼڵһë̺˯
׵¸оԼǱ˻һȻɾǺݲƺԸ㡣
ʱ˶¶磬׵ֻоѪҺȼһ㣬ôһ˵ϣѹ档
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صĺŽ׵һݣæ°ҳȥһͻ
˵ţһҧתȥҪ
ȵȣеӱ
׵һת
׵´ˣղ˼˵ǵֵźšһֵɫ˼ĺúѽ׵´˲Ҫ뿪˼Һòã
˵ţϵŤŤһţΪȴȫ¶ˡ
׵һڿˮȻܲȥȴҲԼְٴҧҧĵİɣһֱûпоҲǼʮо룬ò˶೤ʱܽҳȥһͻԼԹԴҵǧҪȥ
鼱֮¶ʱһ׵»˵Щʲôһߴģͷקһ£¶һأߵ˼ҡ˼ҽͻȻҪˣ˼ٳȥɡ
һ⻰׵۾ɵùԲֻо¸˲ûȣſӸܣһ̣ԵΪʲôͻȻʱ򡰷顱˺ģһѰԼ£ֱ˴ϣ
׵´һҪһŶⷭ㿪ﻹߵ˼ҿǵһء
ٺ٣İɣǲŪģ׵һѽ⿪ʱͳȥ
ûжȥڴϣʱͽһһȴǼ˸׵ȫѪ̽־ͳ½ȥ
ɾʱһ㶣ɴ۾׵ǰλãǿʲôµĶһ㣬ʧ˳ѽʲô
׵һ⻰ʱһȻתȥȴǰʲôûС
ɻ֮ʣ˲оĿһʲôĶͻȻԼֵһʹʱȻٻعͷʱ򣬾ͿԼһˣԼؿڼһѱذס
ذͿĨŹɫɫѪҺҲȾɫң׵ܸоضԼɵָʴԵʹ
ԲԵס´ȥͻȻӵվ֮ͬǰĽεΣñޱȡ
վûżǰݵĺ˵ıԵؿŹڴϵĸ׵£û˿顣
㡢㡭׵һָֻһ仰û˵꣬һڣһͷ׵˴ϡ
ûżǰ㿴˺һȷ׵Ѿ󣬲ƹӣߵԵʢˮħůƿšƿǣ˫ץס׵˹ȥ
˲䣬̵ˮӿ£˸׵µϣֻһ˲Ĺһƿˮĺϣ̵Ŀˮƿ˸׵µԴϡ
עȷûжֺҲûзһ˿󣬲ȥ
һָܷܷڸ׵µıǼ䣬ȷûк֮һĸ첲ܵѾýӲһһƨ̱˵ϣŵ侲ɢȫޣ¶һ˿־壬һ˿ãȻشŴ
֪һɱԭشһ߳
ǣһ߳ȴԾķ֣֪ʲôʱǰֱһţֵʿȥﻹһź
Ϊ׵֮ǰԻɢԶ࿴һ۵˶ʣԣҲûأȻĻǰӣǰ֪ͨ׵ˡ
˿̣Ȼûǰ׷ʲôֻ֪ҪǰѩħǼĴһԼݾͿƽ뿪ˡ
ԣʿܣĵĵȴš
ֻǣûһĹͻȻǰͲʲôѩħǼľӣһֻֻҰޣ
ȷе˵ӦǳȺȺħޣΪۿһֻ޴ħ³һƬУܵĺüʿƬ
ȻѾԼġһɱˡȴûмսûмôħ޾һɱ࣡
ʱɫͱò԰ףһ£ֻʣһͷΪʲôѩħǼľӣ
ݲ룬ħ޾ѾǰۿųԼһͷǣϽ˫ۣĵԼѵҪطʬ嶼ûзĻᣬҪħ޳Ե


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ʱصʮ֮ǰ
˼ҹʿݴпʱ˭Ҳûע⵽߸ߵоվӰ
Ѫ߸£˵թħǵҹʿֵ»϶ãַվڿУԵѪߵ΢Цʵ
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ѪͷҲûŤֻصһ˲䡣
ȻѪߵŸ£ַͿΪҹʿŸտڲݴйթħϵëʱ˲ͱצһֱ˵ţһд׼ȷĲϣ
ҽδһ˿˲͵˹թħǵצ£
ںڰеĸ޷ȰַۿĹթħǾؽѾȥʬקţΪпһ䡣
ѪȴŤͷַһۣƽҲҹʿʵйأȻĻթħǾɱҲᱩ¶ԼңصļõĻںڰǶɺ˫¶ˡ
ַͬص˵ͷͻȻ򱱱תƻѵ׼ֻһٶֻɨ˼ľӪ
Ȼᣬô˵ǾͲɨˡѪҲһۣ֮һųʳʬħٷų߼ħ޼ħȺӪȫΪƽأ
лһЩҵˡַ΢΢üǧǰҵҲһɱˡ
жˣѪһ⻰æתַ磬ء
ֻ˶ԻһС·ϵĿķҲѾĺ󳾡
ַ΢һ£ȥԵѾǰð֪ͨˣʱǺܿܶѾˣھӪģֻʣŮӲĳԱˡ
ô˵ľֻʣŮˣѪߵ͵Ĳ١
ַ統ͷԡ
û⣬֮ǰٸҵĺ´ﲻɱŮԵѪ²𣬿·ѹɱӶĹթħǡ
ַע⵽еĴƺ⣬лһ֮󣬲΢΢ü٣˵ָʲô˼
ҵĺǻһֱɨƽԭҳ˸ղŶ´ĲɱŮԵ֮⣬֮ǰ¹ɱͨڣԼʿѪߵĿƽ·˵Լ޹ϵһ㡣
ַһ¾ͱȤۿ·ӶƬȴЦŶ벻Ҳ֮İΪʲôټϸɱͯأ
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Ѫߵޱȣ˵Ҳֱ׳ɴַУȻеȴַȥ֡Ʊ硱ɣѪģַһоƺе㺢뵽Ͽ֮ǰĹĹ£ĪģĳһǱһȻЦ
ЦʲôѪһַЦʱһģѵ˵Ĳ𣿡
ûû˵ĺܶԡַ绰ô˵ϵЦȴδκֻǾãƺҲô鰡
ߣѪٴһŤͷȥٿַ磬Ϊã仰ʵ޷ˡ
ַ˿ѾסЦֻɻЦݣңŲɫƺע⵽Ѫߵաе죡
ʱ·ĿȺѾɹɱǰеҹʿź󷽵ڿɨȥ
㿴ʲôѪע⵽ַĿ⣬оڣ仰ݺݵصַһۣһֱӳ¿շȥȻһ֣ͼһ΢Ŀռ䲨ϺȻͶ˳ȺѩѾʬħ
ͷģǰ˼ħޱͰ˼ħʳʬħ
ַ翴·絶侲쳣ȴƫƫ΢΢ЩѪߣֻоʵϲûпȥôᣬ֮Уһ˿С

ųȺȺħ޿ʼɨӪַ͸ѪߴϿհĸŵҲŵƶħһƶš
ԼʮӹȥѾף΢΢ɫڵĴأҲ౻ŽоܳʿǿԶħޡ
ʿԽԽ࣬Ҳڻ֯һС͵ŻһߺһߵħǵĽ
ģʿǴӻҿֻлָ֮ħ޴ҲʼһֻֻʧʧԵľǱǰĿǣת֮䣬ѾкüֻǲǱԶǱüʿϵؽˡ
ͬķֻӳһСʱ䣬ûסʿǳٶȡ
ϿտŵַѪɱ˫ֻ֣ѪߵɫѾָƽַ޵ĳ·ҿţѰźܿԼŮӲŵԱ
Ȼ䣬ע⵽һȽϴܳһĽСٻӰٻӰֻűһ·һֱ¶ڿС
ֻãĳһͻȻһֻǳȥʱ򣬾ŵһƨˤ˵ϣ̧һ۵ĸ첲ͷǰǲҿһ㡣
ǣֻǲûֱԽӣܽţֱӴһʶźܳһʿȥ
ǸŮ˺һŸҷ¸첲һ󣬻վƺǲԼΪӹһء
ַ翴һԵѪߣָǸŮѪ߸£鷳һֻħްǸŮ
Ѫ˳ַָķȥġšһһ֣ԭǰ׷Ӵʿİ˼ħޱ񣬶ʱ۷ӣǸŮȥ
վԭأƺûдӷŵľлعվƬ̣Ťһӳ󷽵һۣڴϵĸ׵µıмץۣǿǵӡ
ֱ߶ŵĺѾƿһӣ͸ӿﻹһֻ˵ֱ۵Ŀǣ
ѾһЩʲôʱͻȻ͸оϿչһҷ磬ʶ̧ͷʱһֻ޴ɫĴųԼ
ֻĿ֮׳׿壬һſĳһʱ޷ֻ񵽵ж
ۿŴԼһæһȥֻٶȼ죬һ䵽棬һȣûüһ¾ͱȦ˻
ﾪֲѣһ̧ͷʱͿűԼԴҪ๣
һֻ̣оԴһƬհףʶ˫ۣʲôҲ֪ˣ
ţоԼס·Ȼ˸߿գΪҪˤԼʱȴоһ䵽һƬĵϣȻЩ䣬¶ļȴǸоһë׵ĸо
һ̣ɻ˫۾ͷԼѾ䵽ֻĺϡ
ʲôʱֻٶ˳Ȼ˸߿գ
໡
һĽӱзŵ˲ͽץס˱ϵë
Ž棬ۿŵϵЩӰԽԽСױҪԼͻΧֻϲ֮£ﻹһССɻ񵽵ҪԼȥأ


ʮ ʮ
ַѪ߾ؿ·Ż˭û˵ʼһ˷ܵӣȷֻǿ߿գǴԶߵʱ¶˾ŵɫ
ַЩȥģûµġ
һͻȻԺ˲һ¡
˵İȴָоһƬ̣³·ȥƺ뿴˭ڸԼ
Ĵ˰죬Ҳûзָղŵ˭ڸԼ˵ɻ֮£Сĵɿһֻ֣ıԴιãǲղŶҽѽ
شһ໡
𣿡һȣűԴ
໡
ǲѽ
໡ͷذ˰Դ
ڽҡټ׷ȥʱֻоԴǸİϤٶ𣺡һ̧ͷܿˡ
һ仰ʱһæ˼׷ʱ̧ͷϿտȥ
ŸԴֻ֣ӿҷ紵ڵסԼߵ㷢ͿϿȵڰУ
һһϮϴһͷ׷һһӣһͷɫӭƮ
ͽǶȣʱ˵òȴڿдʲô
ħʦʥǿ֮⣬֪ڿУħʦȻգȴﲻôߵĸ߶ȣ
ųħʦĿܣ˲ʶϿյ˿϶ʥǿˣ
ֻǣٶҲǳ죬ȥʱ򣬾ѾҪɵַѪߵǰ
룬Ѿ˵òһۿַǰѩħǵͼʱɲǼӿ޾ϲҵĳ̶ȣһƲס˷ܵغ˳ѩħǹˣ
Ȼǰδַ籾ˣ֮ǰȴǴַǴμ¼֪̽ˮϵġݽ￴ַò
ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôַͷɫֻǿǰı־Լһ¾ϳ֮ǰǸİϤǳַ֮ڡ
˷ܲѵַȴҪ侲ܶ࣬ѾҪŷɵǰ΢Ц˵һ䣺õģѾȫˡ
˵䣬۷ŹĶԼַ֪˿жˣڣŵʲô֣
ҽˣŮӲһŮʮ꣡Ȼ֪αԼˣʱЩ״ˡ
ԭΪԼڵзӪȫʬ޷ʣ£޷硣
ȴ벻Լƽһηϸ߿ϣѩħǹˣҪǣѩħǹ˾ȻѯԼ֣ٶ΢ЩաִֻͣԼҪҸˣ
һ̣̲סҪΪԺ˵£һûпǣ˳ھ˵˳ˣɱƬӪľٸ׵£
ŶֲһƬʿȺɢһŰַ粻ɵЩ⣬·ľӪѪ߸̾һ䣬漴ҲӦԼ۷ɵЦŵҲظһ΢ЦĲҼˣȥ͡
Ѫû˵Ҳͷ͵Ŀһۡ
ллˣνֱӴӵ͹ᵽ˷ܵ㣬ַλ׷ʥǿԼͶĿ⣬ƺһҲҲллλˡ
ǺǣˡַֺǺǵĿȻĴ˷ܵ飬ʱԵʣֱţ㣬ӪﵽڻĶŮ
عַɫɣҲæ񣬿һС˵ˣӪﵽڻʮãһδ඼ľ١ˣ󲿷ֽöں˼ľҪͳǱԼٶˣʣµһЩҲפľӪٲء
ţ֪ˡַͷһתٴ΢ЦˣҲѾˣֻؼҰɣһȥʹ㡣
˵ţַԵѪʹһɫѪûж˵ʲô΢΢һͷǽӶһ㣬ĺٴſűַȥ
ϵŷӦȻЩôͻֱַ𣬵һؼң͸һů
ع֮Ҳַ纰ˣڼ
ַ΢紫ûٶһЦݣԵѪѪ߸£鷳ˡ


ʮ ȫɨ
šѪ΢΢ͷӦһҲ˵ʲô·˻֣ͼзеѩʼ۷ڻӴܵʿѰѩħǼŮӲеŮ
ħѪ߲תһɵĺûô࣬һ޷Ůȫ˻ȥӪʮŮǿһԻȥ
ˡַ˵⻰ͬʱѾ·ѩѾҵȺлҵŮȻЩŮıָ֮ǰ࣬ѩԼɵʱҲѾ³һЩʲô
ȥɡѪûж˵仰ͶȻ·ȥ
ѩ˼ʿ˵ٶԼ˲٣ۿſǺ͸ʬħڿټ٣Ѫɫ࣬һӣһзȮͷħȮͷħȮƾճ˼ʿǵǰ
һȺлصʿζʱͱɢ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôֻͻȻһ֧ħȮһҲû˶־ԭϺʿǴ˿ҲţҲ˲תܡ
ܰ齵ŭˣ֪˭ĵһ𣬸ĺҲȺлص
ԭǾ͸㲻ƽԭΪʲôͻȻֱԭħޣʱۿħȮƾճ֣ȻѾǵⷶΧ
Ƕδ֪־壬Щڱԭ˵ҲǱڣĿ־ˣ
ǣڱһĵڵأΨֺħ׷ϣһץסߵͬԼϽܡ
ۿħ޳Լӽǰץסߵͬسħ˹ȥ
⼫ȿ־Ӱ£Ӹ©ɣΪܶһӣͬΪƵƵ
һʱ䣬ħ޴ٳķߣɨٶȱԭȸǿһ
Ѫƺٶ̫Ȼ֣һֲ޺𣬸м߼ħƵ̰ӵĺˮһ㣬ȺȺĳ˵ϡ
֩ľżħޣǱϵı˲ȫѪ߷˳
ַ羲ؿŽӴܵʿǣŴӵϴһҽУȻ˿˶
ֻʱ򣬶Ѿһůأ˵ĺ䣬ȴʿеĿ־塣
ӦҲʼж˰ɡַһٴŤͷһۻڲͣͷħ޴ѪߣԼȫȻ˼ѿٷȥ

ͬʱƽԭأʱҲѾսĺŽǡ
ΪĹϵѾ˼ˣҴ˲ٱȻ󲿷ֱԼأǸ벻ѩħǼȻϮԼأ
ؼǣһͷĺѹѹĴЩֱԼ۾Ѿ̲סźѵѩħǼеıԸԼ𣿣
𾪹𾪣ȻѩħǼ֣ɵսҲȻԴУΪάϣѩħǼĴӽǳصʱٶȵӣųﳯѩħǼľӳȥ
ֻǣȻ徢ʮ㣬ӭĺѹѹĲӣǵȴûаΪάϣٳǰǱ˾޴ǱѩħǼľһ
ǣѩħǼľӸͲͻȻóһʱһ˸˳ǹͽͱѡ
ŷ֣ѩħǼľмĿ϶ɢȫгʱóĹ
ȻҲвٵطһܵ˵ȴǼؼǣ˵ʿΪùַѪҺȻָٶȳɱؼĹ򣬲΢˿ھѾ
ֻڲСʱʱڣɳȥıѾѩħǼľӽ𣡣
ҲΪȡ˱׼ʱ䣬¥һŽ𣬼̼ţëϸһǵ
ڷձԼָ£ʿƾͷס˶Էһһ깥
ʱţļʸѽݽߣɾؼʱв쵼Ȼ׷ױĪиĸ߲쵼Ҳ˷Ĵϡ
ʱȷЩĪе˶ӵһͬص㣬ǾǣǰʮǰƹݼŮǴһ𣬿Щ˶֮ЩƹݼŮȴƾʧˣ
ǣ彥˻ңҲˣѩħǼĴܿ͹˳ǳ档

һߣ˼ϣʱ˼ʿѾʼֵֿħ޴֣ǣҲһܶв͸߲ͳ춼ĪһʱȺףûͳһָӺ쵼ԶԿˮһħ޴
˼ĳǱڵĻУۼ˼ĸ߲㡣
ǰѾΧˣĿ֮ʮˣУһףһһҳ硣
Ѿֵòɿ첨ѧʿѩŵ࣬˱Ҳͣ
٣ֱһ̣ǵڶѪȻ߬ݲ֣ѩŵ죬ɫһһƾ˻ϡ
Ȼ޷ءһѣеһǶʱΪľм
ѧʿһˣʱӵۼָѩŵ㡢̫ˣҪȫѵܸһ𣡣ΪҲ֪Ǻͬ⣬Ҳܰеڵһʱȫ㣡
쵰ѩŵҲƲסԼһץס˲ѧʿ죬㶮ʲôͲѩħǼľӣħ޴ħ޴㶮𣡣Ҫ׼û𹥣ʱٲǣǵĳǱͻᱻȫݣ˵ʲôԼľȥʱȥôݲľֳ֦ɵݻʲô
ſңç򣡣ѧʿȴȻӣôȷ𹥶Щã
ô֪ѩŵܻһɿѧʿ죬һ˻ϡ
ѧʿһӣվȣһľͳȥҺúĸҳʱס
ΡΡվȣһֻƵָ֣ѩŵ޷˵һ仰
ģ㵽׸ѩŵ£ҧҧŭĺҪȫľҪһһ˰ɣϽ
ѧʿɿڣɫ΢һ㣬Ҳֻһѣݣֻܵٷ֮ʮݣ޷һ룬ֻǣ˿뿪˵ʲôʱһƽͻȻӶ𣺡ְǶͲҷȥˡ
󣬵ȴÿһ˵Ķˣȫһ䣬һʱ䲻ͬʱͣ㿴ҿ㣬˭㲻׳ʲô顣
ѩŵƺ뵽ʲô뿪ڽȻֻͷءһһҷȻ˽
Ҫ֪ҿܲ͸磬ôͻȻ˿أ
ʶļ̌ͷȥֻǿһۣ˶ʱ;㵵ķԭݶ֪ʲôʱѾʧˣУһӰн
䵽Уڵ˾ͺȻǰǸͼ
ѧʿֻоһ˫һһƨɳˤȥ૵ѩѩħǹ


ʮ Ҫ
ѧʿС˿̻ڼֱѻȸ仰ľʹ˵ĶС
ַվӣһۣ΢Цԣҡ
ЦݺУڳ˼߲˵ȴǿħһ㡣
Ǹ벻ַͻȻǵĹַ϶ֵ׸Уĸ߹ݣֱӲս飿
⣬ҲƽԭݺܵϾԼľҲǰ裡
˶û뵽ǣַȻǷɹģңͻԼķضħʦķַѾͻʥˡ
ǣѩŵȻַʥǿߣĹַʥǿߵĻٿؿռһ֣ԼĴ˲
˵Щħ޸ѩħǹʲôϵ
뷨ѩŵһӦܻƿΧˣ彣󲽳ַȥߣԼŵģҲˣ
˵ţȻһһٳַ繥ȥǼ䣬Ѿַǰֱַţûа飡
ַƺûлع
һ̣˶Ϊѩħǹѵô򵥵ıѩŵɱˣ
ѩŵһЩ»̲ס˷ܵĺ˳
һ̣ҲַʲôǰĿռ΢΢һŤһ״·ѩŵȥ
ѩŵٶ죬֪ΪʲôһȴԼ޷״·Ŀռ˲նǰʱѩŵȻ򣬵ȴΪʱ
գۼ䣬ѩŵǱһεȻмһ룬ԽѪɽһأʬҲȻ˵档
ż۷ķԪʵôˣǿϧַ翴ŵϵʬ壬źҡͷ̾Ϣһ
ԭҾѾѻȸʱѩŵ˲ͱɱַһһָһѰشһÿ˵ϡ
ŻΪѩŵźһ¾ɵۣЩ¶ڴļҳǣ˿̱Ҳ˾֡
̶ֻһɲǣ˶ףǰѩħǹȻʥǿߣ
ͷһļû뷨Ժоֻʣһͷӣ
ʱԭԭصǶȻſڳȥŻΪɵ˼߲ʱúŽᣬַôۿҲ΢Цվԭء
ڵһλȻĳΪܣϧȫ˶ֱͳǰײȥҪôӦĿ죬Ҫôͨļҳûаʵ
ǣ嵽ſڵһ˲䡪
أ
һֻԼײһ޷ײƵǽϣûгɹײײԼһѪҲһײ˱ġ
̲סҽм׵ͳ켶ǰסһ³ֹסŲԭء
ܱǸ˭Ҳַ߳ܺʱ˵Ŀڽҽһ£ҽַ磬֪ѩħǹңɨǼӵЩħޣǿΪҵԮ
£ڳǸĲҽ⣬ûһ˿˶ɫѿĶַ磬Ѿ뵽õĽ
ڣԭǶѾµˡַɨһۣͻȻһ֣ųǾߺڰϵʥ
ʱжʱһɿֲϢռƺΧ˼֣˾ͿһַһһͻȻַԡ
һ̣ŻҽвѵǸ͡
й涨ʥǿ߲ʹʥɱʥ֮µˣԣΪɱЩˣΪ׼˼ֻż顣
˵ţַͶԵĺڰ˵ͷһΣظѪǸӡ
ϾҲ
ȷ˷ӦַĺڰһЦһУһֻżƾճ˻С
ƾʥʵҪٻʥ֮µͲʹ
֧ĸ߶Ѿ˻ĸ߶ȣԴ͸ݶ߸߰ڿ֮Уһ·˶ҧȥ
Ȼֻʣ¹ǼܣϾǾżħޣ磬̼͵ҳһϣ˻ȷҽʱͱҧ⽴
һ£ʱڳǻعæĴҲ˾ֵĽ
Ȼܵĸ䣬ȴֽﶼǶһε͸ǽһ㣬ʹԭǽˡ
ڳĺܶ佫ˣ֪Լ޷ӳȥˣȻвʣȴҲ޷ѡ񣬱֮£˶ٳŹųȥ
ַĺڰȻûţϻֻ֣ż½ڻС
һ˱ɱٻŵۿӽԼѾ˱ıԵ
һ̣ҫ˼ʹҲǵְһĵ𣬼ȵĿ־ǵЩߵ
ȻҲвļҳѧʿ֮һۿΧͬ鰧ģʹֵı۾󣬹һڽ˲ڹﻯΪࡣ
ַЩȴջ˺ڰԦջȥȷɵͷԼĵˣ΢΢ҡҡͷǶҪ


ʮ ֻǽƻ
ѩħǼ˼սͬһ졣
ƻ裬ĪŵľҪǱС
ƻյĹâ㲻ůڴ֮ԵЩݰܡ
ǱææµµǱԵ˲ʿ½ϡ
Կóʿʿǳ䣬һɨǱ֮ȫ˲С
Уһ׵صԭתȦۻѪСѾûһļ⣬ɢҰıϣƺܿɭɭ׹ǣ
ʹһ˲ҽг־ȴǻȻһ㣬ƺֱֻ۸Ͳġ
ȻӳŷһЩǱʿԭڽ˲ʿΪʿǰ˿ڵҽԱȫˢˢĳʿȥ֮ڴ
ʿȴĿбӣҲûʲô飬ֱž׵ȥܵߣߵ˵ʲô
ԵüΪ˵Ŀⶼûκʱ򿪿ڽеľֻ΢ȴֳصĺԼŷĺе
־ԽɫԽǳأʿ˵֮ϵѾ޷ôʻݡ
ԭ˵˲ʿҽԱɫʲôһԱ˫ۣĬԡ
־ٳĬ˰죬ͻȻ̧ͷų¥ϵĴڴվ֣۶ǱԮϢ𣿡
һ˵Ҳ˲䳯ڴȥ
û˵תʧڴڴƬ֮۷˹·־ҡҡͷ
ɲǼ䣬ջĿ⣬ٴγĬı˫ۣ־ҲͷأԿʲô
ֿ˽˧˧Լڽȫսǵ߽ˣɡŴӳſʿǰһ־ٵ
ֿѲǵǸӣΪźһְŵֻǣ˧˧ȫѳְ֮ʱΨһһ߾ˡ
ֿ֪ԼӱܲˣĬ죬һ̧ͷɨΧһȦ
пԼĿжôĴͣûаϣܶ˶ڵԼһзһֱֻֻۣʧȥһƬ
ĵЩҽԱֿ֪ЩҽԱѾľ;񣬲߲Ϊʿҹ
λֿ΢΢һ㶷ԼԶ˲Σڣվȫվ
ѻȸĬƬ֮ڵһʿվ֮£ʿҲ½վУֻʣһɫ԰׵ʿҲͬĲվ
ֿ˾ؿЩ˲УλǱӦñͻص۶ϺõҽҲ֪Ѿûǻȥˣڣ潫гʮ˰ΧǳǱֻʣǧһʮˡ
ǱһƬĬ
ңƣҽԱڣȫ˲СȫǸ˵ĺҪǣֿ˴һ䣬أɫʿǣЩĲ̣ͻȻһתǿЦðɣҺܾöûиŮˣҿǵأŮôëһ𣡡
仰ȻһգȻ󲿷˲ʿޱ飬һʿȴ̿
ֿ˼ˣͻȻסЦݣ˵ȻȲˣսԼȴǿͬ仰𣿡
ԣĬ죬˳Ӧ
ֵǣǽע˴İΧ֮£ʬעȳ̵ֿ˵ٴαΪء
˵䣬ȴǻһת󺰣ǵɱźԶص˻һֱⳡսֱۣ಻ϣŮٶ֪ǵ֪ǵֿ˶ã
صǱϿգ˲ʿ֮ǰȴһɼ
˵ţֿ˳彣ңָ˲ʿмˣٽгǵ֣Ӻ͸ά˹ȣ˹ἪкףǼеĺӳǶǱʱźǵ֣
ûһΣѾвʿ϶ݣ׷׿Ӧ
ǵŮֿ۸ߺ
źֶû
ŮҸʱҲǵֿ۸չ
ź𣺡û
ǰԼ˲ʿֿȻſںһۣ洫ԽԽ޺˭ɱ˴ĵһˣԶηߣ
˵úãʿź
ֿѾ˳ŴŹҧҧи˵ڸɽںëǣؽڸɽ
ڸɽʿȺ鼤һ
ֿ߾ٳǵؽ㣡
ؽ㣡ʿҲž𳤽۸߻ӡ
ֵǣһȥȺַɱһ⣬ɱ׬ֿ˵ţֱָŷһȫ󺰵꣡
꣡ʿźǱҪƺöЩ
ŵĹֿҲûκγɣȻųŵķȥ
һ̣ʿǲأȫ׷׳ֽֿ˳ȥʧȥһֻȵĲбɴ͵ǰܶҹûк۵ҽԱʹСʿһȥ
飡
һը𣬳Ŷʱײһӣ͸ӾͿһĿţȵȣȲһ㣬˳ӳ˽
ЩȻҪǿ׳ҲҪߵսʿһԴֱֳָʯлţųӦ
ǰֿȻֻ൱ʣһֻ첲ֵڶļӳ֮һ㶼׾ӭһֻ˶ʱͳ˫ȿȥ
ۡ
˼׸˵ȣһ¾ˤȥʹһڵص˲䣬ʯҲֿȻȥ
ֿ΢΢һ˵ʯһèһĲϿȥ
ۡ
һɹ̵Ѫֿһ˻أʯҲ˵ϣֿȴû˺ˣὣڶֻ˳ȥ
ֻˣֿ˼ֱһѪˣҺʱûϼˣȻʹ֮£˵޷ȥǰֻ˵
һֻֻ˵ʬ嵹ڵϣײƳų˽ϵʿʱӭȥһźţƴػеĳ˵ϡ
ģԽԽ࣬ԭѾ˲еʿȥ˲٣ֿʣµʿֻܱߴˡ
ÿһ˶ɱۣһĵļźԴԴϡ
ԽԽ˳Ǳڣֿ࣬˱һȺ߼˰Χһ˵شеһ˵Ĵ׳ֱ۸£ȴоһۣʱԴһ¡
ȴҧҧһ˵ͬʱæ͵һ㿪ż̵ް
ǣްֿȴûܶţʯػһ¾ͱҵףֻһ죬ֿ˲ҽһȽԭء
ţȻŹᣬʯҪֿ˵Դȥ
ٶʵ̫ŸʯĹֿ˾ҧӵ𣬰һࡣ
أ
ߵʯ׼ȷֿ˵ԴֿҲס޴Ʒһߡ
һأʱа˸Χȥͬʱ̧ųֿȥ
ֻֿоͷԷ£ǰҲһΣۿųԼĸ־޴оԼֵ̧ûС
㱼䣬͸ķ϶ǽҪȥϦôůãȴҪ䣬ɸı䡭
һ˲䣬ֿ˰ٸнƴȫһηش꣡㣡
ڳǱϿձըǧ
һ̣˱ȥ
磡


ʮ ˮ֮»Ϊ
ҹ١
ֵȴһƬڣǶѾ֪ѩħǼ˼սѴ죬ܵǣһĹѩħǼȡ˾޴ʤ
˼˵ڻƻʱ˷ųϢƲѩħǼΪУȫ֧Ԯ˼˾ѩħǼΪС
ͬʱΪ⳥ѩħǼɵʧ׷ױ̬ڽѩħǼ帩׳Ƴÿ׼ʱǰѩħǼȥ˰յİٷ֮ʮ꣬Ա⡣
ңͬкϷڽֻҪԼطΧܸڹȵȨֱԶ
ڸǩЧԼ֮󣬷յ˲ų˽ʡ
Ȼȫʵأȴǲ빥ֻǲܹϾַڻǵ۹ѩħǹƽԭҲͰˣռأѱڵ۶Ļʵ۲ʲô
٣ַʱûгΪ֮ҰģҲַ
ܴϵõЩô˵Ѿˡ
壬˼νǲҲ̶ã̶һʱ䣬פھӪ򾫱ħ޴£߲㽫ʧ٣ԱҲ֪ȥȻʣʧȥˡ˼롱ʬ⣬ΪеͳϣϰʱѪ߾ջȫħޣû˹ͬˣԼѾɢڸһ
ԺַֻҪô뼸ı䣬˾Գʲô
̶һʱ䣬˼Ѿʵ
ȻҲɣȻԼ˵׷׳ȻҲ֪ѩħǼ幥Ϣɺη壬ƽԭĳǱֿ
УҲһ˺ۡǸСϣЩǽӳһ·̤ͣȥ۶ĵ·
ʱ򣬺ۡһЩְص֮⣬ֻʣƽæӻǣԭĻŮҲڵһʱ˲١
Ϲܼϣ￪ʼסһЩˣܵԽԽ࣬Ҳ֪ǰϢĻ֮£˽԰ȫǲɢˡ
˿̣غۡģ˸ֻʣԸ뿪͡
ʵϣͲԸ뿪ֻǣںۡһӣʱȥҲ֪ȥ
һĻǿ϶ԥѡ뿪׳ȥһµĻһȥ
ǣʵ̫ˣϵѾ޷뿪ۡˡ
£ϹܼҵĴ£ʣƽһе˸ۡı߶ϡ
ɣͺúһġϹܼϣһץͷñӣڵϵƨɵȥһ£Ŀȴͣں֮С
ٺ٣벻ˮ֮»Ϊ棬ܵȻʵϹܼϣҡͷ̾ϢǸӡ
һۣûϹܼϣ˵ʲôһ̲סʵϣܹܣ仰ʲô˼
ܹˡϣɥذ˰֣Ƭ̣ȴǸпҪʮ˰ʮǰǸǸȱ£֪ǵô
ʮǰٴһۣʲôû
ǲǵãȴһֱǵúϣ΢΢˫ۣϵԭϸС۾ԵøСˣضź棬Լʮǰеۡĵһ죬ʱǸǿȣƵԾȴñײ
ϣһѣɫ΢ǰ˵Ǹɫһæʵϣϸ磬˵Ѿô
ǰͽˡϣ̾˿ʵϣȻҲȷȵʱǷĿˣΪ˰ȫһ˽԰дһŸȥ˵ȲСĵȲʱѾ˱ͶŲʣҲҸѹȥˣ˺ÿһд۶ˣ˵¶࣬ⲻǲãһдʮꡣ
û˵ϣΪͻȻ£ͬʱĬ
ʮ䣬ҹĵȳûй¶ȥȴðհĶҲɱ
ϣͻȻ̧ͷ£ʮյ˵ĻţϵķԸҰȺʮĶӸ˳ȥ
ϣϸ磬ͻȻµΪʲôһֱû˵ͻȻ̲ס˵
ϣŤͷˣͻȻֿЦˣΪҰĸӸϳȥʱʮĶӸңһ죬ġ
һ£˿ڣϣŵĻˡ
ʲô˼ٴһۣǸ㲻ϣ˵ʲô
ϣεҡҡͷԳЦٺ٣ȵĶСַ硯ѩħǹ
µһ˲䣬ɫ˲䣡
ϣ￴˵ģ΢΢˿ⷿﻹһЩңŸϽ뿪ɣҷµĹԼһ˳еɡ
͵ζӣֻһΣ϶һ亹
ɻ˿ڵʱͻȻһֱӴ˵Ķ𣺡ϣ˭Ҳ뿪
ʱһӰףֻءһǰĵϣ¹⣬ĿǰǸĿı־һͲʧ˳ѩħǹ
ϣҲһ㶣û뵽˵ַַ͵һ£ɫ˲ѿַ磬㡭
һ仰δ˵꣬ԱͻȻһǰһסĲӣһǽеѩħǹˣѾ׽סˣȫһģ޹ذ
˵ţһҲ͵ͷ
ȻߣҲֻħʦʥǿ߲ܷУ˵˼߲ʧٵʧʧʧˣѾַʥǿߵλˣ
ַ粻ʥǿߣҲϼһܶԸġ
ϹܼϣﱻյĶʼ˰ַۣ΢΢һüҲʲôֻΧĿռһǱɵһ㣬ϵӶȻȥ
ͬʱַҲһɿռ֮סϣڸһͬ浯ȥ
ֻǣϣﱻϼһ͵һգһûдһ˹ȥʱϼһҲһҵ˺Χǽϣֻء죬ϼһͬʱɫһ죬ˤϣȴҲˡ
ͣͷѾʱôҵײ
ƽʱϼһ·ҲСˤѹˤϣôһײַûʹöϼһĹͷҲһ¶˲ٸѵĹͷ˷Ҷ˲һѪ
ַȴȥϼһŻȥϣеǰһָ̽ڱǼ䣬ȷкĵײһ
ò׾ЩķܶûʳԻصַۡôôȥ
ȷϣûַſһڵϣѪԲͣˣǵ޹ء
仰ŻԵϣһ֣˶ʱͷգֻգ֮ʧҹ
ѪͿַ뿪ǵûһɫøѿ
ַ粻ǣ˺ü߹ǵ˾ֻһ˵ĺԵˡ


ʮ 
Ѿ˽ӵַܶۡ翼ǵѾϣûٴȣ˰ѻԵϣֱȥη
ţַҵ˰ǣ鷿˲һϣҹѲֱ֣Ҫʱ鷿ħƲűϡ
ڶϣùַ֮͸֮˼ʣбİ취ηﴫϣѵϢ˰ϣ͵鷿
ϣȻѾѣȻܲã˼һܼҵĴ磬ֻɫԲ԰ףһҹĵƺߵͷϼһȾ˷纮佫鷿ʱ򣬻һĲͣؿš
ǣԼ˽£ַѾôȥˣڷԸȥַ֮һöӸ䣬Ҳȥ֮󣬲Ŵ̱ڵϵϣ
ϣ￴ȥϿ£ַڵںۡʱ˵ɭϣһֽģźɭźɭĸףȻֻһ˵ݣ˼λȴԸˡ
ԵģǿɭԴϣ̬ȡ
Ȼϣǰϳעõɭ˵ãɭϼҳȨ󲿷ȨԿóڿɭеλá
ֻǣ£ѱַ糹ƷȻлϣȴѾǸֻĴܹˡ
ȿȣԴӵһ㱻Ϊ󹫣Ҿ֪ҿ»ˣѾ׼ˣ춯ְɣһʹ졣ȿȡϣȻô˵еȻ㣬ûпַ磬ֻĶŵ棬ڿԵʱ̲סַۡ
ַߵǰϤİףҡͷƽģڻֻҺ֣ұΪ󹫵ʱΪʲôûаϢߺأ
ٺ٣أϣЦ̧ͷַ磬ַ˵Լͼ˵Ȼ֣Ҳұ֤½ϾûиˡңҴδһ˽ӾȻᱻΪ۹ѩħǹˣش𣿡
Ҳ˵һֱûȷңַ羲
ȿȡϣڿڿ̧ͷûȻûȷ㣬ҵȻҲһλǿУû뵽ǣȻĻƽԭ
Ŷһ⻰ַ粻Щ⣺ΪΪŻṥ˼ô
ѵ𣿡ϣʱЩ֡
ַ䣬̲סЦˣЦ˺ܾòͣȴûнͣǿһɵϣתƻô˵֪ҸĸױϳȥԭҲ֪һ˽Ӿѩħǹô
⣬ϣĬ˺һ˵˲֪ÿһֻ⡣
Ϊ˽ôַĿתؿ֪˽ӿɲֹһɣ
ȿȣûϣضַ˫ۣΪۡʱ㻹ûгҸ˵˽ģںҸдŵʱ˵Ѿ̥ȵĸУԣ˸Ͳ֪ӡ
ԣûиĸ׺˵ݣԣҲ֮󲻶ҥŵԻ£Ҹĸ׸ϳ˺ۡһ䣬ַ˵ĺƽȴ൱ӡ
ϣӾ͵ͷûĻĸӸϳۡȿȡ˽ӣҲ˵ѪĹ˼䣿
ϣĻȥеƺһʱҲҲʲô©ַĶУϣȻڼΪ绤ʱûж˵ʲôǻһʵʲôʱȷҾǵ걻ϳۡǸַģ
ڼ֮ǰﻹһֱŻɡϣûԥֵͷȥȷô
һȥġַĬ˰죬أ˵һ仰
Ļ£ϣһѾͱסַ磬ش󺰵ɱҰɣûټˣ
ƾҵֶΣɱҲҲ͵ûţַ˦ϣʲôӦʱ򣬾һַסжٴο˵ԺĺҳϣҳϵԸһ˶ΣҲԸȥ
˵ʲôϣȻҲԼ޷ɻˣȻһ£ַ仰ǺܿͿ˵һ䡣
ַ緢ϣ˵仰ʱԲҿԼ
飬ҡַƽʵһиҡ
˵ţ΢΢۾ȻֻһˣȴΪźԵʣɭʹ͹һŮӣӣֻʱѲˣһԵطչĺӡ
ΪݵԵʣ㲢ûй£ҲûаĶӿĳˣԣΪ㰵Ϊṩ㣬ѾӵһĴˡ
㡢㡭ôַ֪Ļδ˵꣬ϣʱͳԾĽ˵꣬ҲʶʲôʧɫҵĶӣģʲô֪޹ģȿȡ
˵̲֮ס
Ҿַ֪øֻҪңұ֤ԭ
ַ仰ϣ侲ֻɫøӲ԰ף֮УҲԸһ˿įֻһ˵࡭
ԭϣ͵ǿȲ٣ϣﻳȵҲ٣ٵǣϣͲ˽ȣȻǼȥ֮Ҳдڮȵżȥ۶ֻ͵·˸˻
ϾİڼӣźĹ⣬ϣҲʲôݵľٶң˵һЩȵĻһķС
ʵǣϣÿһżݶʵڵһȺλ˵ĽԼַĳϣﶼʵ۶ĺ˻㱨
ֻȵǼ飬ǱϣϾʵ̫ŮˣൽԼ㲻ˣƽԭŵ⼸ˣǺԸŮˣʱţѾǲЩŮ˵ֶΪ˵ںȵˡ
ң˰Ҫ۶ĺдϵȵȣҲҪϣ֣ἰȵ飬ϣһ֪
ԣϣȵǷᴫУͲġ
ңȾĿҲ֪ԼĴΪڸۡ棬Ҳй©ȥ
ϣһһ۶ڻ֮Ҳûἰʲôַ統ʱʱ򣬺ҲֻһֻǷдţϣĸӵ롱
ϣһʼЩ֣ΪˣȻʣĸӸҲһ֮ĻУἰַ磬úַȡһ֡
ϣ벻ǣȻûַϣȺַĶȻʬճɻҰڶι
ֻǣϣ뵽ԼѲӺǸ֪ĶӣʵǲȺַ簤СĵذĸӰһСԼŵùȥأһʼȻǮʳȻл֮󣬱ԼóһЩǮάĸ˵
ֻһĻޣֻǿȺַ绹ܻȥʵ鱩¶ֻܰȺַһС±˿ȥʲôԣŻַһͯꡣ
ǣʮ꣬յ˻ƽԭ׼һµϢ֪޷ĸڸۡˣԣֻðǸ˳ȥϣ䣬˵̲ס̾һţӵؿַһۣ۾


ʮ ֮
ַ羲ϣĿһ˿Īֽ⿪ϣĿռ䣬ƽʵΪʲôҺĸ׻ΪʲôʬճɻҰȥι
Ҳ֪û˵Ϊ˸ȥʡϣ﷢ԼѾܻˣҡҡͷַ˵仰ʱΪʲôûзŭϾʬһ޷ع黳ļ̣һҪǻһ䣺㲻ô
ޣÿÿҹںޡַȻô˵ȴƽҺһ֮ʣңʱΪʲô˵ѣ
Ҷӵ߬ϣѾǸ˵Ϲܼˡڶ˵ѣҲֻ뷢йһлѹˡϣ̾˿ĵЩ˵ȫұڸۡĽ㲻ŵĻȥҰɣʲôֻҵĶƽĻȥ
˵ĶģҵĶˣҲĶӱǰĸãҲӵߡַ縴ӵ˵
ϣһ⻰ȴǲЦҡͷٺ٣㲻ظлңҵ궯һ֮ģҲ䵽챳˵³㻹ɱҰɣֻܶԵ˵Ρ
ϣҵϵı飬ַҲȷǷ˵ѣʵϣ˵һϣﲻԼĵˣԼĶˣ
ԴԼĶˣַ²˺֣
ֻǣҲ֪ϣ˼£Լ˵ٶȰ˵ĻҲôң֪ϣ˵ĵǼ٣ǣĬƬ֮󣬱תƻ˵ҵĸ׻һˣҲˡ֪ô˵
仰ַǲٿϣһ˦أ߳鷿
Ȼ˳ľȴסϣһһͻȻɱ
ãϣﲢûʲôΪô̱ڵϣĬû
ַһƨ鷿棬ľԼͷϵı൱ӡ
ûȻôӣԼȹʮȫΪϣ֮ģҲû뵽ȻѪҪԼȻʬι
ֻǣַ֪п϶飬ȻĻΪʲôûôŮ˺ǵ˽ӣֻԼһˣңûпϣЩż֮ǰҲȫš
ûãȾŮ֮鷿Ҳϣﱻַ׽Ϣ鷿ǰŮȥˡ
ַ£ȱ߽鷿ڣڿϣʱȴûκιı飬Եúƽ
ϣڵԼȫ֮£ַķԸûаʵȫ˵ֻǰյϷһУ֮ĸӣְ֮ĸӸϳۡȫǺ˵
ϣĽԵöܰϣĻȻĵײļ䣬ѾڵѾǵõˡ
ַǰҲֻһϣѾ䵽Լķġ
ԣϣĽַ֮Ͱͻ˷䡣
֮ûκγɣϣͷգƽԭǸСϵĸۡȥ
ȻַٶѾܿ죬ٴۡʱҲѾȥСʱϣ븮ַۡͿۡѾǽһƬ
ϣﶼףۡȥ¥֮󣬲ƽ϶źͷܽϣһֵǮĶȻϣɫܲÿû˵ʲôַ˽
ȻҲһƬǽ壬ĳЩصĵطͨ˿϶֪ϣʹǽǵһзһżһ©ĵݵַЩұҪżˣ಻ҪЩʹˡ
ַӹ֣ӽ˿ռָϣˣɻô㲻ҳǷ𣿡
˵˻ȥٿɡַҲ͹࣬һδϣֵܶۡɻء
˻صۡʱѾʱˣַһû˰ϣؽη˸׼һ䣬˸ȥһЩʢʳҾϣû֮ǰòҪʲôɱͷĶӿǰ
ַ統Ȼù֮ڵһʱҵ˰ǣ߰Ǽ˶ϣǸӣҪ˺ʵʱûܰһѡ
뿪ַܶۡ磬Ҳÿջص˷һݣϷţԸȥκ˴ԼȲĴӿռָȡһż
ڣеҪӡ֤ϣ˵Щǲģ


ʮ ԤԳ
һżڴϣַܿ콫ǰŷϵڱʶһµ˳򣬴ҳһЩԼԼʱżһһ𿪿
ַȿķţ涼дźظϣһЩ飬ַȥ鷿Ҳּһ۾ϳż϶ǳԺˣңÿһŵĵײк˵ӡ£ֽŶƵģټżµһЩۼַȷЩż϶ϣ˽١
ִַżֺ꣬еԴǽСģƺÿһ仰⣬ǽϣ飬ҲӲ˵Ӳֱ˵ַ̲סȥĦ
뵽ڵĻַҲԼĥһЩֻЩȻԼ޹أԣַҲֻ΢Ƭ̺󣬱ż
ַֿʱżϷ˹ԼϢһʼż˵ĶһЩַ޹ص£żĩβһ仰ȴַע⡣
ĸӽգ룬߳һ
ֻôһ򵥵Ļûָգȴַһ۾Ϳ˸ףٿżڣԼƺԼճ֮ʱ䣡
ַһæ˳ŵڴżٵҳŽŵĺüš
һ֮ǰڽżַش򿪣
ֻżϲûдһЩԼȵĻַֻɨֿۣٵĴ˵ڶ⡣
ʱַڿϣ˵Щݡ
ֻŵıʼż죬潻һЩ֮ȷ˵Ӵ֮󣬲Ҫκʳϼӿķ䣬ֱĸӶ˽ʬϳգȻΪҽһǣһͷ׳Ȯȫʳ¡
дżݾѾ·Ǻӡ£вû˵ΪʲôҪôԭ򣬵ȴȷдȵ֣ϣ֮ǰһһ
ַ翴żе˼֣ĬƬְ̣ſһ֮󣬱Ͷһߣæż
⼸ż¼Ƿŵڽַ翴֮Ҳûз滹дκιȺԼݣϣﵱʱյ֮оѾ˵ף֮ȥĻҲûἰȺԼֻǽȺԼѾˡ
Щżַ˳ʱĳĬ֮УɢһżҲûٿȥ
˿̣Ѿ϶ôȺԼвɸ˵ܣϾ˽ӿɲֹһôûõ֡ƫƫԼȵϣ
һ뵽㣬ַȥʣ˵ܻһЩʲô
ǣַʵǲȥˣúò״ʹнѳĸһλƽʹˡ
ԣַ֮绹ǷȥȵĴ㡣
ӴϷֳַҵϣѯǷ񻹼һЩʲôϣ֪ȻҲַ٣ûдϣĿеõмֵϢַַֻصԼķ
⴦һ´ϵżַأڴϸϸŹеĵεΣͼӻӴϸѰٵһЩмֵ
ʱ죬ַӴĻָֻǻûõĹַѾһ飬ûвʲôõַﲻЩꡣ
ǿаסɷַֻ꣬һ顣
һΣջ䵽һӴʱַȻһ
ǴԼ֮ǰɱ׼ķѵֺ󱻺ȥۡǴΡ
һΣҪԼԼһַϰؾ֮Ϊ˶ܺ׷Լһӵ˿־ɭ
ԼС˺ŵܣҲһΣԼȻ򣬾ݡ
Щڵַ˵ѾҪˣҪǣȻڻδʱ鷿УԼƺǿһ顭
ʱַֻЩ棬Ͷ࿴˼ۣû뵽ͻȻ鼱֮£æӽԼĿռָ
֮һпνǷתַҲǱ飬һֱڣȻ
һַæԼĿռֱָǱϿ¾һеܣ
ֻǣȥַԼ˰ʲôطڿռָѰ˺þãַһ۵Ľ﷭Ȿ顣
ǷƵķ棬Ȼڿռָ꣬沢ûһ˿ҳϡҲһģַֻһۣȷȷǵں鷿﷢ֵǱ󣬱ȲĴⱾ顣
ۣһַֻ֣һۣʱЩɻ
ȻⱾƺǼص˼ףдһ֮⣬ЩЩ˵òص㡣
ϡˣ𷢡ۣķˣ𷢡ۣҡˣطۣˣڷۡɭˣڷֱַۡЩ֣ûзʲôмֵϢ
ǣһҳַֿ֮˵ڶҳݡ
һҳϣŵһҳһЩƽ¼ַֻɨۣͷ˺һҳ
˺üҳƽ¼Žּ֮˼һЩҪϢ
ַһҳҳȥȴʼնûҵԼҪõĴ𰸣ۿⱾҪһҳַﲻҲż
Ҫʱ򣬾һҳĩβдŵһ仰ʱַп
ϹѵУ˼ÿ峤ŮɳʮһлˣֻܽԻճɻҽٰιɻ⡣˼Ʊؼ˥ܡ
򵥵һ仰׽⿪ַͷʡ
ȻڣҲжŮļԼǵ֮УԼ˵ǺΨһһ˽ӣȴһӣ
Ҳ˵Լ֮ɭûٸŮˣ
ĻԼ¾ǺڶʮӣҲΪ꿴ѵϣｫԼȣںҲ˳һŶˣ
һַﲻһɱ⣡
ȻƾһϵһλͰԼѪɱ
Ҫϣ뵽Լ֮ĵĻԼȿѾˣ
˵ΪٶΪϣ֮ģҲⱾеԤԱʵ
еĹϵԶֹ򵥵ֻҪһ޷ɣҲģǣһеġɺϡ˭˵أ
ַ翴֮󣬱ĬãŽⱾԼżͳͳӽ˿ռָ˿̣еĸӸ޷
֪˺ԼĸӸϳȥַ࣬һ̣˶Ժĺ֮⣬жԹһеꡣ
˼ãַһվ߳ţڵһʱ˰ǣҵѯǷ֪жٸӡ
ڰǿеõ֤ʵ֪ԼȷǺڶʮӺַҲûɻ
ǣʱַ֣ҵѪߣһ棬˵Ѫ߸£׼뿪ָ۶Ҫٳô


ʮ α
Ѫ߻δڣһַ磬ʱͱò˼£ҪַĻС
Ѫ΢΢üͷǶŵ棬һµأͲѪߣСǾϲſ˫۳ַ˹
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ȻˣҽԳ˺ôһȣСüЦ˵ţסֻСڿرȻš
Ѫǰַ绳࣬ȴǼټ¶һ˿Цݣܶʱĺһȥ̫ǣʲôȥʲô
ַһΪѪڳԼĴףæ˵һ䣺ʵҲ֪Ϊʲô׽
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôգ۾عͷѪߡ
ָĲѪַ˼΢΢ҡҡͷ
ŶѵھͲʲôʲô𣿡ַԴȣȥʲôطͿȥʲôطΪ˸İˣǿɱߣѵ
ǣҵȷҪͨɡѪߺȻϵûǣңҲȫ֧ҵɡ
ַ羲ţȴѪߵ»
Ѫ߽Ŀƿַ٣Ҫֿȸ۶
ô˵ַһ£ŵǲԸ۶ˣ
ȻѪֱ׳Ҳ֪ʹ֮ҪԵʲô
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գŴ۾˵ʲô
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Ѫͷ΢Цһ£˵Ȼʹֻ֣Żвҡ
˵ţѪߵĿͻȻΪ䣺ڰʹʹɱҡңңжӵдα
仰˵ĺƽַڶУȴǸеＫΪѹ֡
Ѫ߳ʵ϶Ѿﵽ۷壬ҪǣͣʵԶԶǿͨʥǿߣұ֤ȫַ͸ӵ޲صİοˡ
ֻǣѪߵĺһ仰ַ绹̲סһ䣺αʲô
Ҳ֪Ѫ΢΢ҡҡͷȥ۶֮СһЩɡ
һ⻰ַ統üͷȥô
ȥһ죬һҲáѪһͻ
ðɡַͷûǿʲôĻֻҪ֪ͨ߰¾Ϳˡ
˵ŵĹҲµݸѪߣ΢Ц˵ԣҪˣܿҾͻġ
ҪȥһãȻҲԸȥ𣿡
Ѫ߽ӹ࣬СĵرڻСȴŤַ磬ǲᡣ
ַһСӣЦѽǲܸȥģҪģһ¾ͻģֿҪ԰
ţܹԵġСʶգһ۾§סѪߵĲӣĿȴַͣϡ
ַˣŶѪߵ˵ͷ
ѪҲĻظַһ΢Цһ·˳硣

뿪ֱַҵ˷գմʱŶԸ˼ӵİ취һַ˶æվ
ȥɡַǸͷ
ûж˵ʲôַһ񣬱߳á
һ뿪նʱͺɵˣҡ
һ仰δ˵ֱַ꣬ӽҪȥ۶ռЩ֤ύ£ʱѾܳˣȥұ֤ۿɭҵ£
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û뵽ַôͻȻȥ۶룬ǾȣҲע⵽ַе΢΢һ£˵ˣͻȻȥ۶ǲʲôֵ飿
ַһ߬ȭҲͣʵҪȥҪȥĻȰѹ˼齻״ǣ˼ҲΪˡ
ɲ룬һ⻰ͻȻͷĬ
ôѵ㲻ۿɭ𣿡ַ粻üͷ
΢΢˿̧ͷˣʵԴͶºʱԽãԽõĳʵ㲻ʲôˡͻȻ֣ϲڵңҵֵҵߣȻЩȥĵ޷ܾãܿãضҲᰲĵġ
ô˵ǲΪȥֵǱˣַ΢΢˫ۡ
պܿҡͷ෴ÿÿҹɱɭԼοЩȥǵ֮飬ǣұһõŵ𣿿ңҲ˵һЩ飬ȥ۶»кҪɣ
ַû뵽ջô˵΢΢ЩȻǵ˵ͷ
ԣҾͲĺˡЦĺϣҲȥ·ʱҲࡣ
ллַһûж٣ظһ΢Ц֮󣬱תȥ
ǽһ£ּ˰һ棬һ·ԭռЩ֤ݺ󣬾ҵϰأԼҪȥ۶Ϣ
ϰûκԥͽַ룬ϰؼ򵥵׼һַ֮ʹգ˸ȥ۶ĵ·


ʮһ ص۶
˵۶һµ·ַ̣ʵòôʱ䣬һзпöԪ֮۵ռ䣬Ҳ۵ĴڵҰӿٶȻܳɱ
ַϰ۶ʱѾİʱˡ
ַûڸԼ٣ֱӷɵѧԺϿգӿдϰؽٵ˵棬ΪѧԺԺ޲ȻǲԿеһʼ޲ػһ֪λʥǿ߽ٱѧԺ
ɵֳ̽ʱһַϰϤϢһ㶣漴æϿӭӡ
ؼǣıѧԺνѧԺΪɡʱڰʱ֣ѧԱǶѾ˳ʱ䣬ȥò͵òͣѵϼѵѵ
Ǵ󲿷˶ԿеĽɫӰ
ʱѧԱǻΪǴ淵ԺˣɵǿһɫӰԺ鷿λ÷ϸ߿յʱ򣬾֪Լǲ´ˡ
һ̣ѧԺʱ˷֮У
ǿ˶ﵽʥ򰡣
ƽʱܶһӶѼһλʥǿߣڱѧԺϿգȻͬʱλ
ܶѧԱĽ֮ͬʱҲоһܣۿɫӰ䵽Ժ鷿λãѧԺʱһƬ֮У
ÿѧԱۣλͻȻֵʥǿߵԺηǺηǿߣѧԺĿʲô
˵硵ͬʱѧԱ۵ĽҲͳһһλʥǿߺܾܿǶ˵죬֪ԺҲʥǿߣԲݷõġ
񣬺ܶ˶Ѿ֪˴ѾеľҪ˶ϵĵ·ϣһʼǵĿֻԼٶѸӿ˵޶ռÿһطǸطھͱɱɾ˸ǽʬɹɳ䵱
ʱ˵ĿֻŲĩյĵ
ǣ˾ǣڹҪһ·ϣֻҪûгǵҲ⹥֮࣬쳣ƽûɹһͨڵ
Ϣմʱ˶ţϾǿ˰
ǣħĹһʱվϵ˲κͨ˺Ǹ˺κһͨˣ飡
йĹ̬ȻͬʱŵҲص˶ϾûɱˣһΣûֹ˶ϣ˵֮һĹʶ򣬹Ҳ̬ˡ
ǣǽصƽУǣ󲿷ǵĿⲻҲŵ˻ҵϡ
ǰߴϢĪžԱȫ𣬺ܶʿļͼʹ಻Ȼڵһʱͷĸ𣬿ƽԹ
۹Ļʵ۷ŭʧȥǣ뿪ʹܵħѯʹΪʲô˲˺Ϣ֪򣬾ͲĲҾˡ
λظ۹ʵ۵ģֻ֪мٲ˿ʵħ߳˻ʹҲûй̬
ַϰشϷһ·۶ڿеʱԶԶͿ˶ϵѾµľǣֻǣҲû룬ֻΪѾ˺;ɹʶͲ֪Ĳ
˿̣ѧԺԺ鷿Уַֻ硢ϰغ޲ˡ
֮ǰϰظձַյʱĵ׻̲סЩ˷ܣ;֮ãϰѾʧȥ˷ܸУĵ׳ƣ֮⣬ֻʣһڴ
޲غϰΪλͻȻأַ棬ûֱʣ⣬ҲܳԾַѾﵽʥ򣬵뵽֮ǰǳϷռ䲨ҲѾ³˼֡
ַǸ޲һ䣬ָ˵˵ԼﵽʥͬʱҲ޲оĿռ䲨ԼͿģԼѾɱ˿ף˰޲ؼ򵥵˵һ¡
̸̸ֶַ֮ݺĽ޲ص֪ѾѣҾ񲻴ɫʱͱο˲١
ȻҲ֪вûСԭ¡Լ֪Ĳ޲һֱŵҲˡ
ַ粢ûͣһ޲غϰù֮һʱ䳯ʹȥ
밫ˣо볯۶飬Ϊ˻ʱȻѾȫգַջص۶Ȼ״Ҳ֪һЩ̬ϾɻŸսͳ˧ͷأ
ȻûȥͷξζΣ밫һϣҲ˽һĪŵϢ
ֱӴӿн䵽ʹ鷿֮ǰſŵ˹ͳӭ
˹ͳһƣһɫӰ䵽ԼǰʱȻһʶͳ彣
ַʱ񾭶ʱиϴŰ˷ֳԾ־ϲˣڻˣ
仰˵ĺǼַ粻Цô˹ͳô
ע⵽˹ͳ֮ǰĶﲻֶһЩøУƽϣҪǿһʥǿȻ䵽Լǰ˹ͳһҳ彣
һְֵַøˡ
˹ͳû뵽ַῪЦһ£һ˿įǿЦȻǺˣ¿±Ҹ
Ŷַлɵʵ˹ͳлֱ˵ɡ
ˣѾ˸ȥżˣû뵽ͻȻˣûյǷŰɣ˹ͳһȻ˵ɫͻȻһݣ˻ǽȥɣ»һжġ
һΣһ˹ͳģַҲЦ˼Ͳٶ˵Խ˹ͳ죬Ųߵ˵ϵ鷿ǰ
ƹȻûϢַҲȥţŲߵǰ֮󣬱һƿ˽ȥ
һȥַһ۾Ϳ˱Լϵĵϣ̧ԴǽϺڰ˫ĵ۹ͼڣƺЩ͡
һű򿪣ʱתڻûַ֮ǰȻüͷһַ磬ɫ˲仺һ̣ԵúǼʹվü֮䣬ôһɰͲסļУַ磬ڻˣ
ַһϽ̬ľٶæϷţҲûκζķϻ첽ߵǰص£˹ͳ˵Ѿ˸ˣǲǵ۹ʲô飿
һ⻰ʶԼʧ̬ľٶû⣬ع֮ͳ̾һַص밫˹Ҫڼ֮ǰѻʹϢĪʮϵͳ˧죬µͨʿһ
һ£ٴ˵һ̤ϼԭֿˡҲ֮ǰѳְ


ʮ 
ϵɫʮѿü͸¶ƣҲΣ£ͻȻһͷǽϵĵ۹ͼڣǸп۹
ַһԭΪѾ˴ɹʶ벻ĪžȫȻһֿѳְʱӿһɸζ
£͢ħᶼûǰ˵Щʲô𣿡ַоؿڼǱסһԭڵ۶ʱ򣬾޲˵˶Ҳ˺ͨڵ飬ʱҲûж룬Ժ͢ħ϶֪ͨϣĪŵķ˳˶ϡ
ɲĪžȻһȫ³
ʮôװˣ
ǺǣûУûһǰ֪ҵġϿЦȻĻҲʮ˵ļԼʹ಻
ھȥҹʣַȻǼѹеŭͺڰ͢æٹֱĹȻװ׷ʮ˵ܡ
Ȼ޲ض֪˶ϲͨ˺϶᲻
Ըܲǰ֪ͨϣ
һ㣬ַɻ
˵ŵĹַתҪ뿪ɵȴǽӵȥˣ֮ǰѾȥҹˣҲѾظˡ
ô˵ģַ統һݣæתе򵤵ϡ
ɵϵһӱúǹŹ֣˰죬ĵңֹ࣬ˡ˺;Ҳһ˵Ƿָס
ףʲôһ⻰ַüͷĸˣѪ߿е֪۵۶׼ӭӹڰѣҲؽֻǻ̫׼Ƿйء
յ˵׳ʮ˵ˡ˺;鶼Ҳ׳һĻ²ֹʮˡ
ؼǣЩͨǶԸô
ˡ˺;ԸģʮһԸģ
ɱʲô𣿣
ȻⲢַ£һ뵽ֿҲһ޹ַûһ
Ǽ׸ɡϵܲȷҲûиңؼǣ޹ôҵѾ᧿Σˡ
仰ַ粻ĬȻЩ˳ֿ֮⣬ûаϵλ˼뵽ԼҵѩħǾӣðװԼʲô飿
ȻֻͨϣҲ
ؼǣĶ޹˵ʮÿʱ򣬶֪ԼֻǱˣͲǱԼļ磡
Ƕ֪ĻƴҪ
ƭΪַеһĺ
ϼַ粻˵ΪڵĻҵĴǿһ˿΢Ц˵õģˣ乫۶Ҳ췴
˵ţ϶һ£ѵʱ˴Ϣ˵㹥˼ϢˣңϢ˵Ѿʥˣ
ǵġַ˵ͷûڹ˼֮ǰѾôϷųϢʾˣңҲûʲôߣ֪ԼѾﵽʥϢҲΪ档
Ī飬Ȼϲٶ˵ԼҲٶǣϾǶΪһʥǿ߾ܸı˵ģңȻѾ޷ı䣬οҲ޲ֻܽˡ
˵ַ꣬һְֻڵǰɫĶ͸ۼˣɫ΢һЩɽɫĶһϲĵַ磬֪ʮ޹飬϶Ĳ췴վһߣ
ҪҲֻܹʡַ糷ȥջֻ֣̾˿ңӦ£ֻҪһ죬Ҿͻᾡػĵ۹
ĬȻĬ֮󣬲΢Цлл
˵ţһתתƻˣ˵ȥţˣ϶Ұɣ
ַһ񣬴ӿռָȡռһ֤ݣ˼ѾʵˣѼĹڿɭΥ۹ɵһЩ֤ݣҪ֤˽齨Ӷ֤ݣڣû˱г֤֣Զˡ
һ⻰ɫʱһⷭ˷ַϵЩ֤ݣԭƺҲһЩ̧ͷַˣҲһֵø˵ˣھȥῨɭϮλ
ַ統͵ͷȻ˼ĪŲûʲôϵʱ֪˼ӱ𣬾λᣬҲɱ￴ˡ


ʮ ϸ
ҹַصԼĸۡ
֮ǰһ۶ڵĸۡλڿ־ɭִ¸ۡ
һλڽԵʣûдŴˣҺãַ뿪ʹʱ򣬵Ŵ£ӻʹʮԼʮŮչַӣʱά¸ۡת
һס¸ۡĶʮ˺ʮŮæҴҵæʰʰ䣬棬ַ磬Щæµ֮ʱ˸ۡע⵽Լ󣬲Сıϡ
һվСԵ͸µ䣬ַϡԿλں֮µɽ
һɽַһƣǸܸԼĸƫƫ֪ΪʲôȻɽȥ
δַֻǹܰҪһѽң˵ҲϰҪԣ׵ǸǷԽӡߡ
ңֻһ·ϣַҲǹ׵Ǹ㣬оǸƺǸռйأʵѾﵽʥ۷壬ռ˵ҲѾİˡ
һַСҪĿģҪԿܲܽ⿪׸ܣ
ŵĹҲһʵλã׼ԾУɾʱַȻһž˵ڼٳԼ
ԭͰѾչԲǷ˻ע⵽Լңڽʥ֮󣬿ռʥǿ˵ѾǡΡˡ
ѿռǡˮĻʥǿ߾ˮġ㡱һ룬áˮƬˮֻҪڡ㡱ĸ֪Χڣͻ
ͨ˵ǸоˮڵģҲ˵ռ𵴵ĶôͨҲԲ㣡
ΪʲôʥǿߴսʥħʦͷŽ䣬ֻʥǿ߲ܲԭˡ
˵ҲֻиǿȵĿռʹòŲסʥǿߣ΢ʹһЩռֻҪһΧʥǿߴڣǴ½ʥǿ޷ġ
£ɿַȻѾﵽʥ˿ռ𵴣𵴵ĳ̶Ȼﲻ½ʥǿעĵزһַĲΧڣһ¾ע⣡
ַһݣæתصɭ֮У˳λóпȥһ¾ͿһɫӰڴ۶ķٸ
ɫӰҹɫΪԣȴɵĺܵͣٶȺܿ죬գ֮ͷ˿־ɭֵϿա
֦ڵԵʣַʵڿӰò㳯ſ̽һ˿Ҫһ˵Ϣ
ǣ̽ͬʱҲоһɾֱչɭУѰʲô
ΪνһʧľٶĵطҪûʥǿҲͰˣҪʥǿߵĻǾζźܲضԷ
ַڲɾͬʱǵûЦˡ
ΪϢַǺϤ
ַ磡Ȼûŭڿը죬һ𣬿еĽɫӰ˲ͳɭַȥ
Ȼżķŭٶ֮Ѿֻͨһ˲䣬ӰѾ䵽˵ϣֱֱ䣬һ¾ͽ֦۶ϣ䵽ַǰвٱ۶ϵ֦
ַѾסϵЦݣǰɫӰһģٵʥǿϲɺذҹãһҪˣƬɭֿҵĸۡΧδͬͱ۶ɭ֦ʲô˼أ
ʲô˼Ȼʲô˼ɫǿɭŭףһһַȥϵŭõϰҾλһûʲô˼أ
ˣ⻰˵Ŀɾ̫ˣ°λʲôϵַ粻мĻһ䣬ȻʱЩ⿨ɭȻʥǿߣ˿ȴǺݺݵذһۣ˵Լ˽齨ӶŴ˵۹ɣãͷˣ
£ַһתһǴ֮λƽ֮£ֱ䣬ҵ۹ۡΧٻɭֵľȻҸҴСУ
Цɭʱŭֻһܣʲôַ磡ٸҽЩûõĶҪǽ첻һͱҲˣ
ַ˫һУҲʸ˵仰ô
ַ磬ֱ̫ɭ˫ȭѾֱ߬죺ΪûɱͿΪˣ
ҾΪˣַٴΰһۣ΢΢һɭӦûûյϢɣ˼Ѿ군ˡ
ٻңΪһĻôΪҲ֪ʥϵǿǲܲ׵ս𣿣ɭ˿̺ŤַĲӣмɻַʵͲҳǰȥһȻǱʵͻȻµͷԣһʱ뵽ַ磬Ųһеĸ˹
ԭŭ֮ҲֻǱԵ̬ȴɭ﷢ַ磬ֻǣһַȻԼȻѾʥ򣬵ɲַĶ֣ԣֱڣûжַ֡
ֻǣͨ˶л˵ձĿɭˣһ˲䱻ַ繴еŭ𣬶ʱͱ׵ַ磡Ϊ͵ʵΪΪ֮Ҳеȼ֣֮
ŶѵûиļѾ군ôַһ䣬˵꣬ȴһתУһ仰ҿвô
ɭһ⻰ͷŭƭңһƭң˼ôܡ
ʵˡַϣӱҲ֪𣿲¸㣬ԭħѾǵ˴ߣܲң˼ľѾħ޴ˣĸ߲ǱֽģŶˣǸ׼֪Ĵô
һַ⻰ɭɫѿ˼ֻ֣ǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻ侲ȴȻڸǲסеķŭǿѹŭЩߵˣַ硭ʵɱңΪʲôΪʲôҪĴ׽Ūң
˵仰Ȼ޷ȫйеŭ𣬶һ£ȻЦǺǡ֮ǰ㵽ϣԴ֮Ѿܿˣأʵڿǲҵ㡭
֪ôַȻһڴϣɫһɿŵ˫һſɭ˹ȥ㵱ʱȷǺܿˣǣһҪϸڣϸڣŵ˺һУ
ɭһַģжʱһŹ֣ǿһ񣬽ӻʲôϸڣ
˵ҵݣַѾߵ˿ɭǰıǼ⣬˵


ʮ ʶ
ɭǰַƽӣ·пһ֡աĴ֪ΪʲôͷһĪһ˿飬ʶľͺѹסܵĴ侲ʲô
ҵݣַЦˣûнȥѵڣ㶼ûеô
ߣȫΪַ硤ϵȻǵġɭһǸԼһЩɵĽң½ϴδڹϵϡ
ԣѵôַƽ
˭֪ɭһ⻰ʱ֮ԱǣָǰԶСЦЦ㵱ʱѾǸСѾˣһõȥһô
ôǰã֪ҾǵСеǸַʱǲҲðѿȥҾѾˣַϷʣʵ½ϵȷûСϵϡ
ɭһ⻰ɫ΢ȴǳĬƬ֮ų㵽ʲô
ˡַƽɫҲԵ쳣ƽʵϣҲ˼һԱ
˵ɭһ¾ͱŭ𣬵ȴǿѹ˼ûнСַ硯ֹŹֵģ
ַ統ͷٴγɭȥԼġ
֪ģɭһԼͻȻ;þһɽӭ鲻ԽľͿʼź
ַۼˣȻһ䣬ϬȿɭڣȵΪҵֱ磬ûиһ֣ճɻҺι
ɭ۾һ뵽ʲôͻȻоľгһ£˵ֹֻܱͣ
ַȴȻûͣ½ŲӼѾ˿ɭϣ˫ۣǲʲôأ
ɭһʣһңֻƬ̣Ȼ͸оЩĪȻƿǰַ磬˵ЩĪĶ
Īôַ类ƿҲǰЦЦԤ׵Ц
ɭЦЩëһŭŭ˲ͷʲôЦô
ȻЦַסЦǷ̵ſɭʶӣ˵ǶôЦһ°
ʲô㡭ɭһ⻰뵽ַ緽˵Щʱʧ˳
ַ翴ףƬ̣ӵĲҾ֮ӣڶʮӣǸϼŻ˼弱˥ܵˣǸճɻιĺӣ
ɭ⻰ԺѾհһƬַ˵Щ˶֪ģ룬޷ð䣬ӲҪ˵ɺϣҲǲܣ
ǣһ뵽ֵֵַϣټǰ׼ĪԼȴַ裬ôһеһУƺԶԺˡ
ַۼɭסģٴӿռָȡǱһѳ˹ȥⱾ飬ǰ鷿ҵġ
ɭɫһݣӹһжʱһУ˿ֻ̣оԼһЦ˼ȻΪԼ׵һλӶ͵ġ
ô㻨ƵصʱҺĸ׵㽫ʣζԸ˵ʱĸȴ᲻óÿӺǵĸ׶ܵʳǵӣҺĸףȴֻܱһյŰյ
ַ绰˵ţѾ˿ɭǰֻһΣȴǵͳһȫȡ㣬бӦ
󣬵ɭĶУÿһ֣һըȻбըɭֻһ㣬ζ벻ԼһֱĻԸˣȻԼĶӡ
Ͳ뵽ԼһȻԼӵϣ
ַһ˵꣬ʧȥʮۻȫģȻץסɭ˫磬Цȥɣ
ۡ
£ֻһص˺𣬴ֲĿɭһ¾ͱַӲ˺˫ۡ
һʱ䣬Ѫӿɭ˲ɫѪҺ·ƥĹâɲǼȼҹȴ֪˺δ

ҵĺӿɭ쳹ҹգҵʹÿɭȻȴÿַץԼֱۣһεѪɫͷϣ˳Ŷͷ
ַ·˷״̬ѹʮķŭڴ˿̾Ա
һӵɭֱۣȻȥ˿̣ûʹκҲû¶ܵľʹ˿ռշӦĿɭδʹлعָоͷһۣͷȥȴַһҧԼļͷϣ
ʱ򣬿ɭҲ˲ʹ̧һžַĶϣַԭûʹöʱ⸽Ŷһߵĵɳȥ
ַֻһ¾ײԶĴϣǿһ¾Ͱһ˶ֵľײѣšǡôȻгϣԳأźĵ浹ȥ
ַ类ԷһҲ³˴Ӻ˺ҧµļ⡣
ҲͬʱҲܵһɻ˳Լĺȥʱȴݲ룡
ֱʱ򣬾ǰ˿ɭŭĴȻûȥɣ
ַһ⻰ʱ͸оЩЦǰԶĿɭ˫۶ѾʧȥˣʲôԼаʱ
ǣַ翪ڳЦʱǰһĻȴ˲סˡ
ΪַȻ䶯״Ķӿɭϱ۴ٳ˳գۼ䣬Ѿֱ۳̣һ̣״ֹͣ䶯͵һȻΪոµ˫ۣ
˫ĩβҲΪһ˫ƣ


ʮ 
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿʧȥ˫۵ĿɭȻָ
ֱַԼ۾ģûпҪһԵĵϻһԸ·ŽɫѪֱֱַۣΪԼˣ
ʵȴǰɭ³˫û·ǣ뿴ȥַƺֱܿϵƤ䶯
峬ǿĻָôַȻ죬ȴûдסû뵽ȫѪĻָȻô̬Ҳ׼仰վֱӣȻſɭȥҿ㵽׻ٳֱۣ
˵ŵĹַȫתһգ۾ͳ˿ɭǰûȡ罣ڶǴӿռָȡһϸ˳ƾͳſɭȥ
ʱ򣬺ڶһ˲ɱɭͲƽѹʮķŭ
Ȼɭָӵһӳ٣ۿַѾԼǰʱ޷ɻĿɭɫѿһЩȻԴУַϸҪԼ³ϣæ
ͼɭ紦ĿռȻŤַֻԼ˴룬̶һֹͣǰ
ǣ⿨ɭÿռ䣬ַҲʥǿߣɭĶֻͣʥףĵһֱӺĶ˿ɭƬռĲٿȨ
ңϸȻô򵥣
ʱɭɫ䣬˵Ĺ򣬶ʱоһۣŸճոֱգ۾ͱַ
ҺãһɲǵĹ򣬻ָӳҲѾʧɭۼַһԼұٶͣæŤռ䵲ԼǰһɲǵĹա
ǣŸշ͸ое紦һʹͷȥŷǱеĲλĿռǲһԣԼһУͱסĿռ䳶һѪ⡣
ַ㿪Ҳż׷ȥ˱Լµһֱۣǰ۲һۣŲм̧ͷȻгǿĻָ³ֱ۾ȻԭһٳһҲȫ㿳
£ַһӵֱۣȻգȥ
ǡҵģǿʹַĿԹαַһֲеŭ֪һΣûż³ֱۣȻȫˣͬʱԼַһ֡
һַֻ̣ԼǰһоǰͻȻǿţгһҲæͣӣͿûκαͻȻԼǰסԼȥ·
˳ƽƽֶ˶ͺҳģǣǵϲʥʿףҪǣȫתŴɫĶֻޱϣַĿȴԵЩ͡
ַ粻һʲôʱʥǿôֵǮˣɭ۵ռų˾Ȼʥǿߣ
ȻܳԾַҲûбסֻǶһӿˣ㶸Ȼƹ˳źٴγǰȥ
뵲סүүûʱ棡
סɭһųֱȻٵ˿ɫЩףϵĻЩˡ
⻰һ£ų˱㶸Ȼַ׷ȥҫʥĳ漴Ҳ׳
ַоĿռ䱻ǿԼҲܵһʱȻҲǿпĿռ䣬۽ǵ⿴һҲдȻһķ·ɭ׹ȥͿҫʥʿ˲ʹԼŵλ÷ɹڽΧĿռ䣬һɲĸо
ѳûд̵ַ磬˲ֳſе۷˻ȥ
һ̵Ĺ򣬿ɭûټ۳һҧһλ֣ͼʥʿģͻȻ˿С
ҲǰһתŴɫĶַһƣޱѾ޷ˣۿŽɫâͬʱԼַһջϸкȻڶ
ʱһǿԺڶΪܶʱӿԭַٶȲֿһ֣ǣƬ֮䣬Ҳ˲ԾĵطæסԼΧĿռ䣬ûһͷײַϡ
ɭһǿ֣ʱɫһ䣬˲Ȼ϶ַӵ͵ʵֻǷűŭͷԣҪһ㣬ܵǿԼ壬ԥƬ̣ԹַһۣҧҧȻһתŵ۶ķȥ
ĶȻûַ۾ַߣż
һΣԼ˵еܣԲÿɭŴƤӵ뿪
ɾʱͻȻоȻһɼΪǿҵȸУ
ȸм񷽲źǹɸоֻȴҪȷŸǧ򱶣
ոҧ˿ɭһ⣬нɫѪҺԼڣ뵽֮ǰȶԼļѪ飬ַ粻ɵͷһѵԼѪʧô
Ҫ̩ɯһѪ
ڵѪҺַֻȫڣһԽԽ͵һһ㡣
һ˲䣬ҵʹϵıֻδгʱ򣬿е״̬ѾΧҫʥĳڽɫİ֮£ͬʱַȥ
ַһҧǿȫʹźڶֳֻһӭϣͬʱڿеҲæ䣬ܿ˵Ĺ
ǣʥǿߵĽȻûôö㣬ַٿ죬Ÿոһ㣬ѳѾ̵ǰѳûдҪǷסе·
æ䣬ϾҵʹַϾĿռ䣬ѳݺݵĲַڣԲַԼشѳԭ̵ַļͷһȴö
˲䣬ʥĴݲַѪ⣬ѪҺȼհľʹ£ʹַ˵ԺԲƣϵĺڶҲͬʱһ˵ϡ
ǿһ¾ͽ˽ȥʹһͬʱҲæÿռȥһһ֮䣬˲ͱ˺ѣȻɹ㿪˺ڶɣҲʧȥһȡ
ҪǣȴȴûѪһҲûУ
Ҳһ̵ĹǶԺڶ˼Ȼνȥ
ַֻоԼԴҪըˣȥ׷һ̾ڶҲ˫ֱԴʹĴ˳
һ˲䣬ĸܵͲǿɭɫѪԼȫʹڵһɫڼųǹȸУʱֻȫų⣬һ̣ȴĪײһһɼ˲ӿԴ
һδʹǱ֮ǰʹҪǧ򱶣ַоһ㣡


ʮ е

ҵʹַ̲סϾٿƿռ˲ʧسȥ
ڶҵͻȻʧÿиպ˵Щ̫Ӧǹһ㣬ͻȻٴαȺһξ롣
ַסӺһۣ˭ûпڣĬľͳȥַ׷ȥУǸʧȥһȵѾоʹһ㣬ָޱӣУƺҲжôķŭ
ǣ˲Ÿһ룬ڵַλôͻȻһɫȦ
ɫȦȲǿҹ֮ȴΪۣûκԥûע⵽һȥ
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ַûʲôģ˳ǰɴӭȥ̧־ͳԼĳնȥ
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⴦Ŀռͣռѱַ޿ɱܣ
عЩջԶʥˮ׼ڲٿؿռϸԼǣַȴоǶԿռ伫ΪϤÿֵÿһУҵԼշΧĲ֣Լ޷ڵһʱǶԿռĿȨ
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ȻһЩ⣬벻ַȻԼǣʥǿ֮սٶȼ죬֮ûаеʱ䣬գۼ䣬ѳַķϡ
Ҳͬʱڶعһˣҵ㿼ǵʱ䣬κβҽֱӽ˽ȥ
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ʱʣµ˶ѾӦ˹ַϵĳæȥ
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֣ûκҲûκУɵַȥֺܻеĸо
ַֻ΢΢üĹ򣬱ͻȻоķͻȻһɾ
ǿĳ̶˲ľĿ־УвԼһ㣡
һַ̣Ȼ㲻Ϊܱǿʲô׷ɱǰˣȻ˸߿գ


ʮ 
ַڵʵв֮⣬¾ֻʣˡ
ȻַֻоͶﵽ۷壬ʥǿ߱٣ܰԪ֮ȥַ粻ʶĿҲû룬ʥ׵˲ܣ
뾫ֻа۷壬ܼԪ֮ȥ
ȻԪ֮ͶԼǿͬﵽʥ֮ͶȻҪԪ֮ףԪ֮üȣһﵽʥ֮ǿ߶Ͷͬġ
ͬԪ֮Ԫ֮Ҳʥף
Իﵽʥ۷ַ˵Ȼ˺ȴвĸо
ңϮȻֻһУһоַܶϵв֮⣬ֻӵˣ
ԣַһмΪ𾪣ױǲͻȻһͼǿߡ
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ʥǿԱͬСɣûлַ磬˲ͻǰɭֵĵϡ
ء
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Ȼڶǵֿɸıʣǿиı䣬ȴһ¾ֳַԲĸоֻԼԭԴԴϵľйĵ̰һţһҲ˵ţ
գۼ䣬Ͷͽ֮
Ҳַоһӿתһ


ʮ Բŭ
ֻȻûϵַǰֵȻΣҪѾˣֻܿй֮ƴԼ
ǣַȻ޴۵ĹգлΪ޵ĺڶ˵̣ƴڵǹɫڳϡ
ɫǷ֮ԶԶҪĹԪأһ˲䣬ԪؼֱǴıֽһ˲ͱͱĻᶼûУ˲ͱֱ˺ڶ֮С
ַ;һӴӺڶдԼĵĶԼ
һֻԭѾ嵽ͬǰһˣʱɫַȻŹᣬһ޾ͽƷ˶ˡ
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ۼǰĿɭѾ䵽˹ǰַ粻Լ󺰣㣬ٿһ㣡
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ʮ 
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ۿΧĿռҪԼ飬Ҳ˲ʱӴܡ
ǣʱȴ̧һֻ֣Ӵܵһա
ͼӴܵΧĿռһӾǱһĲƬôһץʱͽŰΧ
ҪκΣٿؿռ˵Ͳܷģƾ޷ѳ
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ַﵽʥ֮ļУԺҲֹôһͷ
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ţɭæٳȥַȻߵĻᣬ̾ͽȥкȻֺڶ̧־ͳſɭԴնȥǸķ֮ڿɭֱľ
һ˲䣬ÿɭһ¾ʹõ˵ԭΪԼѾɱַˣȴ벻ַʣеȻҪǿ
ۿǴǿҪԼͷϣɭֻоԼҪˡ
һôԿ־壬һ¾ͼǱںڶµһ˲䣬ɭȻһҧ˰֣ͼһʥʿģͻȻǰסһ
˲䣬ڶͽ˽ȥַʱ͸оһʥ׵ӺڶдԼĵǿɭ֮ǰųˡ
ֻδͱڶ˽ȥתΪ
ͬҲһÿɭһ֮Ϳٶſ˺ü£ÿһ£δƾճ֡
ֻգۼ䣬ɭַλþͳһȺδˣһȥʮ
쵰סɭһٴγȥʶԼ޷ɱַˣ˿̲Щ񣬸˵ȫλãͲͣش۵ռͷųα
Щαӵɭ󣬱ӵųַȥЩûлΧַߵˣѡʱռ¶Գ
Σͷַѹûջط֮ųԼֱһ·ѹȥЩαŸճ嵽ַǰеδַȥͱַķ֮ըƬ߱ڶֱ˽ȥ
ЩԺã̵ַȴָһӴַһǿ˳ɻкζ˲ͱըһ⡣
Щ˼ûסַ೤ʱ䣬ֻգ֮䣬ַѾ嵽˿ɭǰ
һ·ַƺ㣬ֻ֪Ϊ̵ʱڳ嵽ɭǰڴ˿ʣµķ֮Ѿˣ
һ嵽ɭǰַɵ̧еĺڶһȥ
Ҳ嵽ɭǰ⼸ӣ԰α
Ŀ֮£ֻ
ɭѾ˷ۿźڶٴǰȴҲֿ֮ȫҲѾת˼ޣ
ʱ̣ȫĵֵԹؿַ磬ݺݵشҲţپʮʹȫұ
䣬ŷ֮ĺڶڴ˹Ȼһ˲ٷ֮ɭʣµķͲֵһᣬڶһ˲ͽ˽ȥǣַɭһ仰ʱ򣬶ʱ͸оͷݺݵسôһ£
һ̣ӵɭαǣǳɹЩδˣͬһʱ̣ԥԼ
һ̣ʱ·ַͣƺܿ͵һ˲䣡
ţһ޴Առ䶼Ϊ֮
һ˲䣬ַֻƴһ㷣֮ס壬߾ֻʣ˺پʮαأûжأ
Щα֮ǰȫסַ磬ÿռ֮סԱĹΧֻһž޴ڿռ֮İ˲ͳмַȥ
ӵĹѨ԰ڱըನеʱΪҷɣըڼɢܿɵ԰Ҳɵ԰Χн
޴ĳ԰ΪģѸɢȥ
֮ռ価ŤըΧڵʣȫΪҽ
ַֻоһɹǿԼķߣһ㷣֮ڼţһԱͷζ
һַ̣֪Լ׳˶ٵԱĹڣһԱʱַڵķ֮Ѿȫݽߡ
һ˲䣬ַһԼҪô
ͷŸմ𣬾мԱϡ
ʱַ͸оԼ˫ۺ˫ȱ޴ɣҵʹҲû˼ǰһڣʲôҲ֪ˡ
ֻǣʶʧһɲǣַ緢ƺһӰӲĳ˱ըȦסԼ塣


ʮһ ̫
ַ绺˫ۣоԴģǻ޴ıը
ǰĻȴǳҵıըѾˡ
ֻǣʶǻûлָԺжһţоƺ˯˺ܳһģʲôҲǲ
˫ü˦˦ԴַΧĿռ
Ȼһͨķ䣬ûʵĴ󴲣Ҳûůı¯ûϤףַ绹оӲģ˵ϡ
ҪǣΧžĿ£ûаңĿ֮һƬգһûκʻϢ
⵽ģ
Ҿôģ
ַǰһУƺʶĸоƫƫԺоǽһŵĽȥʲô벻
ʶģַ뷭
ǣֱ֧ʱȴͷһ
أ
ҵأ
ַԼտҲ˫ۣ𾪣ѵ˫۴Ѿµļ⣬Ƥ⻬ַ粻ȷԼǰӵֱۣһΪԼӳʼû˫۵Ĳмˡ
ɻӦӾͷ֣Լ˫۲ûˣ˫ҲѾʧȥˣ񣬾ֻʣһӺԴ°ӡ
˵ı仯ȻַĿɿڴԭЩ֪룬˿̣˻ܸоԼ֮⣬ƺҲо
ճյͷϵգŬػԼǰһС
ģַ͵Ŀڳ˽࣬Լƺһը֮ʧȥ˫˫ۡ
˿ͷ壬ʣµһһ֮˳
ַԼɱ˿ɭŵ¿ɭ˽ֻα
˹ǰԼ¿ɭĹ˿־ɭķŭǰѰԼĿɭҲԼϰشּٸ۶Լǵ۹ѩħǹ
ֱһУ

һֻ̣һ΢Χͼԭַ˫紦ƽʵļͻȻӦѣŽɫѪͻȻһЩѪĹ
֫ĹԳҲѪܺͼ⡣
ַ΢΢üͷ벻ȻʹһѪܺһ˿˿άַ綼ܸоһɻʹ
ҧأûԼֱ֫ȫɣĽɫѪԱսȥַŸо³֫ڻָ֪
һ˲䣬ִһЩ壬ŤͷһȴĿŽָһĿŽַָ統͸оԺеһ˿ϵҲкζĿŽָǻһ㣬Զķɵָϡ
һ˿̽ȥַͷĿŽָԼĿռָһû٣ȡһ׸ɾַŴԼ
һ˫ַۣǰϸϸ۲ţԼֱǰҲûʲôͬǽʵļ⣬صѪҲ׿ָϵָ׸Ƕԭһ㳤̡
ֻǸճԵʣƤԵ԰ףҲûһëϸ廬󣬾ǳӤһ㡣
㶵Ŀ˺һַ绹Լ۾ֻվԼ壬ôҲûʲô˼Ƭִ֮Լ˫Ⱥ󣬱һԵ·վ
ɨۣΧһƬգֻнŵµĵذʵȴܣƺޱ޾һ
ַֻǿۣͷޱ޾ģֻÿռļʵĿռԶûж󣬵ռ˳һߵĻȴԶߵͷֻһƬطشת
ַ΢˼Ƭ̣طƺħĵʮĲ㣬еķˮػԪؼΪܼԶҲһ΢΢Źâħ
һ뵽֮ǰڹǰĹ뵽ԼԵһ̣һӰסԼַʱȻæܴ󺰵ʥ𣿡
ԶԶ˳ȥַãȴûеȵػ
ļǵãϴʱ򣬹Լڣ˵ӱըоԼĳ˹ҲûˣôԼһѣȴٳټأ
ѵⲻħʮĲ㣿
ٴκһַû𸴣ʧȥһЩģأչ̽
ȻһֺܲòΪַҲ˲ôˣҪطʲôģܼƻһĴ㣡
ֻǣ̽ĽȴԼ֮⣬ûˣ
ԭشվãַ̾һľͶ࣬Ҫǣԭڵķ֮ˡ
ڣַֻһͨʥǿߣȻͶѾﵽ۷塣
һ˲䣬ַ粻Щʧ䣬뵽ɭѾԼϣԺһЩ
ӿռָȡһЩ΢һСȷԼڵĶ;ڿݽߣͳǸħȥ
ħ˸ĹâЩַҲûж룬ӿռָȡԭȹ͸öңվħ֮У̽ȥһ˿ħ
ǰ𽥱ģһַӰʧħ֮С
ǣħͳȥʱַȴһ¾ɵۣ
ԭħĵʮĲ㴫ͳӦǵʮŶԣЩַоľĽħʦûУȵĵʮҲûУµħȻ΢ĹâǰһƬ棡
ŵǸֽƬԭħϯķѾˣеֻһƾɲǽ棬͸ǽķ϶ַԼܿ˽
ͷݺݵһ£ַ۳ܿȥͿԭħʮ㽨ѾĿȫǣмΧǽҲѾݣŵµĵ棬бģַ缰ʱסռȶסӣһͷײڶǽˣ
ַѾ˲ԼˡǰһƬǽħᣬַֻʣһʣ⵽ôˣ׷ʲô飿
شƬַ̣粻Ҷͣſռֱ֮ԽΧǽħȥ
ۣһ㶼ѾһƬ棬տǽĽпһӰйַͿħڲĻ
ֻǣڽĹУַ緢ĹâЩ֣ƺ񴿴⣬΢Щס
ûж룬ٶȽ䵽ַ;ֱڴȥԭħĴѾĽȴסַ磬Ҳû룬ֱӳ˳ȥ
ء
ʯ˲ͱɫĶըɣַ˳سħᡣ
ǣһַԭǳԾʱֺݺݵسһ£
һ˲䣬оԼֹͣһ㣡
Ϊһ۾ͿʵоȻ̫


ʮ 
ͼԭǸ̫֮⣬Աߣһֻ̫Ǹ̫ͲǽƵɫǾɫ
Ĺâǿȴ̫٣иǹ̫âԤס
֮ϳԭ⣬һѩ׵װ
ô̫
Ѿַ֪Χˣ
ǣعʱ򣬾ͷ֣ǰĵ۶Ѿʶĵ۶ˣ
ֻ߷ΧڵнȫΪ˷棬ԶĻʹҲ⣡
ͺڰڣһƾɲӡ
۽ǵַ磬ħҲѾʱᵹ
ҪǣȥԶķȫӰˣҲд׵࣬ЩභϸŹԪأƴں󷽣վһֳħȵħʦʱܿһѤħʿ˶ﲻȥ
ңзľҲŵϹ͢ʿͶһħַЩǣЩڰʿħʦ֮һԸ͢ʿȴûܵԼǵĹ
Զɱڶ۶ȻΪս
۹군ˣַһԶ鲻ĻʹսǺȻ
һ̣ʲôʱַע⵽ڹĵطͻȻһը죬ըķΧһ˲ɵΧһƬϯʱһЩľƷɣ
ţӰҲǱĴ汻ը˳УһϸСӰʱڸĽϣֱӹᴩΧȥ
еľۼ⣬һӰ͹˲ԼƴСǸӰȥ
һӰֱӱըɵ˿УȺѹѹһȺȥѰǵľӰԵЩǣַһ˵ģʱ㳯Ÿ߿շȥ
һѪеӰʱһͷԵҺַ缰ʱеһѽӵ˻ϯ㡭
ȿȣħϯֿȳѪַ˰ʾԼް󣬱ʹַ绳ѣԼſռ֮վſַ磬ֻǣȱַվԼǰɵЩŹ֣ȴû˵ЩʲôֻɳƵˡ
ַ£һ⻰һ˯˶೤ʱ䣿Ƿʥһô
ȿȡ˯죬Ѿǵˣʱʥɲôڡ򵥵Ľһ£ַĿǹŹ֡
ַ̾һеɨһܣºٸͣϯң۶׷ʲôô⸱ģľأ
˵ţַңңһָǸɫ̫УǸʲô
һ⻰ʱĬĵһԶѾбħɨһĵ۶Ŀ˹ϣ
ҲˣԵʱ䷢飬ʹ۵۶֮˲һʱ䣬߾ͻȻǸɫ̫ʱ۶һ¾һƬҵУǶͻȻֵ̫Ϊ־壬е˵ʲôĩ٣Ҷûа취Ľ͡
ʥλʹ˻ǳڰȫǰɣͰѵ۶оҳԱȫʱս۵ռȻʱ򣬷ʥλʹ˾ȥ˺ڰڰ̻ʴһĹʶҹ
˵ıͻȻЩŹ֣ͻȻ̧ͷ˿еǿŰգɫ̫֮󣬴½ûкҹԶֻʣˡ
ǸӣַڶУԷģæߴٵأ
뾫ǵҲִ˵۶ǣʹ˼Ϻڰ͢ǻ쵼Լλټңһ𴳽˹
̾˿ǵĿƻʯԼټѵĹеɫ̫ǹ͵ʥ˵ɫ̫Ϊ̻Ϊռ̫֮ɵģù֮ǿ¾㷣񸴻Ҳκιˡ
ֻҪǳɹٻʯɫ̫Ȼͻʧһλղű̻ʵನŴӹﱻ˳ûﵽʥġҲˡ
⻰ַԼԵʱ飬Ťͷ˹һۣλɳľѾɽ˹æַҲʥǿߣͬһȥɣʱֻҪһʯѺͻһ֡
ַѹûаȤΪʣЩҲûʲôøУһ棬ԼȵģҪԼôƨҲ̫˵ȥˡ
ͷͬĹַͻȻһʵȵȣڰ͢ǻ쵼ߣ˭
ǻ쵼ߡʣ뵽˿ɭЩֻ֪αֻǷŸ˵̫죬ַûע⣬ͻȻѯʳ˿ڡ
һ⻰΢һ£ţĿַ磬ͳǱˣ޲ء
˵ţͻȻ̾˿ãȰȰɣڸڰ͢ȹ͢һ꣬͸ֵڰ͢ˡ


ʮ Ķ
仰˼ǳԣڸַ磺ʰ͢ɾֵڰ͢ˣϿȰȰɣȻʱΪѵľˣ
ַβ
ֻǣ޲ظͲԼģԼô죿
ʵϣַҲԼĴ㣬ĵһͷѪߺ͹һȽ޲ؽٰѰݺȰ˵޲ء
Ǹʱ޲ؼѶΪ˰ݺҲû˶Ժڰ̻аøУȥ֮ʱţ۵˿Ҳϵһ졣
ֻǣŸ棬ַʱû˵Ĵ㣬ֻ΢˵ͷתƻǽȥɡ
˵ţأԳŹ͢ķȥ
￴ַıӰص̾˿ȻĿתǸɫ̫Ҳ֪ǲһ̣Ȼоɫ̫Ĺâ֮ǰƺ˼֣
ﲻɵһݣٶæַĽŲ׷ȥ
ַһѷ˽ȥȴħҲ˶٣ΧĽ࣬ɢһصʯ飬ԶһըҪǣԶռ䲨ľҳ̶ƺѾﵽ˼ޣ
֪սжôļˡ
ַûжͣһ·ûκͳſռ䲨ҵķȥ
ܿ죬ַ˽սĵطֻһƬտƫｨѾΪ˷״ܿǽڵѷ죬ӽɫ͸㽨ѷƬƫγһ۽Ĺߡ
ЩĹ߼䣬һٵĻӰͣسӽм䣬һ޴ıʯʯɢҫ۵İ׹⡣
ռŤûַֹͣϡ̻ܿʱ˾վڹʯǰ˫ֳŹȨȣͷʲô
һֵķųڿռ֮УסһһıϣֻԽ׳ʹȼŰɫһĳ޶ܣǵĹ
֮⣬ϻһֻֻԺɫʹǺڰ͢αַչһɨʱͷϤϢ
ϵԪ֮ƺѪϣ϶һǿŤĿռһӽʯ֮ʯɢĹâȫݻ١
ʧѾõĿɪվŬسŹʯӽţǿһ㣬ǰٶȱ÷ǳΧڵĿռ䱻ǿĻԪɣҲһһĽӽ˹ʯ
⣬λΧȦǵǰҲһŤռֱָϵֻӽ׳Ĵʹ£ͷűըԼŬĶĵײƻ
ĺɫʹԱͼ͹̻ʶΧռٿصͻĻᣬźڰ޲ضһֻֻʹһͼЩɫʹڵõָվһŻųΣڿƺΧռǰԱеԱΧĿռ䡣
ըڶŤĿռǺҵļһƬСķΧȴŸǿЩ½ַţ½¶Ƭ֮䱻ݻ٣
Щǿߣһ˵ǰ½ɾЩǿȫһͬΧĿռ乥ȴ˿
ַѾûֻСطٶǰӽŷԭ͢ͲȫԽǿķΧַԽܸоһɿֲڲϳȡԼڵ
ֳȡڶղͬڶǶʵֻҪʵ㹻ǿסȫԱⱻȥֳȡȴεģ
ηҲֹڵľͶʧ
ַԽǰԽö;ʧٶԽ죬ؼǣֱڣĶ;Ҳǿֻάġ
Ȼһȡ˲٣ַʱ͸оЩԲһ̣ǰЩ˴ûС
ȻָһٽȥɡͻȻ˸Ӱַӣ仰ûټ˵ʲôԽַλãȻǰȥ
ַ̾˿æɳȡķΧӿռָͳһѵϽ
ڵĴ̼֮£ַľͶԼٶȻָţǣҲŻָ֮һʱͻȻоǰȻһƬ⣡
ַͷһæ۾ӻָѣͿϵĹ̻ͻȻվֱӣʯҲȻһ貵Ĺâ
ɹâ˾޴ĳһ¾ͽΧϵƷ
Ŀɪպò׾Ҫӽ˹ʯȴһ¾ͱƷ˳ȥԵֻ΢΢һξ룬ɪվסӣʱЩ󣬵յУι˼ҿŮҮϼһѵͲ
˵仰ͬʱѪҲסӣţ˺ڰ޲ҲסӣûλԼϯȴûôõˣһ¾ͱɳƷɣеҴΧǽڣҲеֱˤڵϣҳһӡ
ҵҪЩźɫʹһǿδײȥͱͻĳƷȻֱ˿ռϣƷɫʹԱǿΧĽž޴ըƺڲš
һ㣬ܿóÿ˵ʵ
ڳ˵ľڹʯϣûзͻȻַ磬ַ봫ˣȴʱ򣬹̻ͻȻתˣ̧еȨһָ
˲䣬һռĴɫȨϷȻ˸סӵ޲أ
ɪյɫ˲䣬˵ʲôæ󺰵ѽ
ǣռǴ޲ظͱܣÿɫʱ˲
һ̣ʱƺ

޲˫۵ɵùԲͷԼĶӣȴ֣ӱ׻ǲֺڰû𵽰ã
ԼĶӣоڿţⴹΣ֮ʣٹעԼ̧ͷȥͿÿ˿ԼôĸӣֻйϵıԴż
ûκˣһʼ֪ԼͲЩ˵ͬ顣
ֻǣȻûҵҪǸˣ¶ʧ
ûзĿĴȥڣڿ㵿Լַʱ޲ص¶һ˿ο顣
ַ̧һֻ֣ƺлʵûκˣֱ۸վһ룬ȴֳĴȥ
ͻı仯ַûзӦۿ޲ؾҪصĵ˵ϣŻعæǰȥ޲صصһɲǣס
Ժˣסַ翴޲ضϵĴ󶴣һʱ뵽ľԼѪҺæӿռָȡһҪԼϡ
ǣ޲𣺡ˡҡл˵
ַһʱͷһ޲ؿµ֮ʣϵУȴûа̳ɣĿѾ޲صϡ
һӾֻһһŮڰиˡҺúչǡ޲һȴڿٱ͸Ҳ֪ǲǱ̻ǵеԵʡ
ַһˣҪѸոƵݵ޲ߣҧ˵ԺˣϹ˵һҵѪҺһģ
ǣ޲ȴַܿþȫӻͳһСľУųַȥĶ󣬰ݺɣҺúϧá𣿡
˵仰ʱ޲صѾӽ͸ʱ̣ûڰ̻ʣֻԼһ˫Ů
ַѾȥپܾ޲أջԼ֣ӹ޲صݹСľУûٶ˵ʲôֻصص˵ͷ
޲ؼˣ϶ʱ¶οЦݣһ̿͸У˫ۣһ˫ֱ۽ǰһУԵɡ
ڴˣ޲صѾȫʧַҲʱоϿһֻϵСľи޲Ѿʧˣȫʧϡ
ַеľУֱڣҲ޲ؾȻôͻȻʧˡ
ʧˡ
ǸǱѧԺѧԱͬĿ꣬۹ľ֧Ȼľôʧˡ
ΨһģֻԼ֮ͨСľС
Ķַ
һֻΡΡ֣ҪСľеĸӷ
ɾʱվϵĹ̻ʿˣԵЩͷĹâҫ£ȫҲҵĶ֣ǿҵҲӦǿһǺڰǻ쵼ߣһ㡣
ַȻ̧ͷȥͿ̻Ѿ˰֮УϵȨңָɪգ󣬾ǿɢ貹âĹʯڹʯֻ࣬ʹӶųһնܺǰһֻϵĳָ̻ͬɪա
еƽȣȴԵòһ


ʮ ǵ
޲һʣĺʹͷӬһ㣬ʱײԭкõԱΣҲ⵽ƻʣϰֻλʱʧȥãԹѾκв
̻ʵĻһ䣬Ȩһ׵Ĺâ
׹ͬռ䣬ͬǣͬһĲ޲أͿɪա
Ȼɪվ̻ʵλÿҪ޲ؽ࣬ʵɲ޲ؽһЩڰܱȵģۼռĴǰӲӰһȻɹıܿ
ֻǣȻٿ죬һ֣һɲǵĹ򣬿ɪյֱ㱻ը飬ؼǣϵĲ֣ȻҲʼ͸
ۿ͸̶ԼӣԾѪߵʱһ֣󺰵𷴿
˲䣬ɪյ⴦ռһ󲨶ͼµĲֱ㱻ռ׹ĹбԽԽ͸ֱڵϣʧ
ѽɪ۵ʹһȻҲ֪Ѫھɻ̲סԹһ䣺˼ˣͲ͵
ϵĹ̻û뵽ɪվȻܶԼһԴȣȴûٴιǱʲôסˣس˶ַ翴ȥ
ҲڳǵõһϢʱ䣬ԶըɵλԼϯҡҡλεķ˻£ʹĶ鵱С
£ҲΪ޲صע⵽Сľеַ硣
Ǹû뵽Ŀһ۹̻ʣŷɵַǰǸ˵
ûʲôʥѾˡַѾعҡҡͷСľзŽ˿ռָ̾ϢһܸһᾡԺ˵иȥ
˵ţַһ£ּһ䣺ܻŻȥĻ
仰˵ĺܳأȴʵϾ˭뵽̻ʵȻǿᣬ֮ʵǿĿɪһ֮䣬Ҳʧȥһֱۡ
ԣԳĬ˻ش𣬰οԵַļ򣬲ûпڽ
ǣһԵĿɪȴˣԼѪĶϱۣȴǸں壬ָУСܵܣּ˰ѽ𱻹ľͷӰѽ㻹ǿԼԺ˵ģ
ʲô˵ûַʱҲ˲˿ɪյĳƺæ׷ʵҸô
ɪһɵЦЦͼ
һ⻰ַʱֻǣʱû鿪ЦûĺݺݻصʱȻ˼Ц
ɪշһۣһԶĹ̻ʣŶַ粻мǰǸɲǸϲļһˣһֺαؿɥأ
ҲЦַһۣЩơ
ˣϻˡûмƽϿɪյĳƺʱ죬εܺЩʯͶһЩɣȫˣҲǵġ
˵ţ볯̻ʷȥɿɪȴǴŹ̻ʱֻʹӵι˵ô׳òѽҲҪһ汳ģ
УͰ˵ģȥڻɱֻˣǸ𹥻ʯѪַ߳΢΢ͷȴޱĵһ䡣
ɪһ⻰һ¾Ͳˣ˵ǿʯͷȻǿʯͷѽûаϧ֮鿳˼ҵֱۣھȻ˼һСŮȥûѽ㣡
ܲ㣿ַûϣɪջ뷴ԼʱһüͷָŹڣؽڷʥ۵ռֻҪʥһ۵ռû֪ˣרҴְһ۶Ŀľһ棬һҲһɣ
һ⻰ɪյɫȻһ䣬͵ǵ𣿡
ǵġַҧֻоеѹѹԼԽһ̻ʿȥ
ɪһ˲ЩĬһԵĹͻȻ뵽ʲôɫ䣬æһַסΧĿռ䣬ַַ磬ߣǶҲ
һ仰һ¾ʲôһѪ߶ʱȻĿַ磬ɪǺȻеĳʹҲ㵵Ŀַ磬˳ǣɣȻ
ʲôַ类˸ЩĪվԵλټϸϯȻҲ㲻λʹָʲôɵö볯˿˹ȥ
һˣĿ˿̻ʣûʲôæ˵⻰˵ͳˣ֮׵ģڣ͸Ͻܰɣ̻޷뿪ʯ벽ֻҪûκΣգ񶼻ᱣġڣڶԸѵĹûھֻܿԼˡ
˵ŵĹ򣬹ֽ⿪Ŀռ䣬ѪصصͷʾͣɪҲ֮ǰı飬ͷ߰ɣžϣ
ַʱĪˣ˵ģֲǿЦӣȻ޹̻ɱ޲أҲ֪ԼڻĶ֣¾Щԥ
ڴʱ̻Դɻ˹㡭Һǵ㡣
ż˵̸С÷ס˿ռ䣬ͲᴫȥȥͿ̻һַָָָ磬ɫ˲ѿ
ߣߴַһæַǰ
ѪߺͿɪվԵַǰס˹̻ʶַܹȫλá
ַ粻ûӵˣ֣صģȻ㲻ԼϵʲôܣҲ˵Ѫ׷ѣһ̣ûд̻ʣǴ޲صĳޣתͳȥ
̻˫һУֻʹԴϵ𣺡ȥסҴʣµ˾ͶҰɡ


ʮ ޵
̻ʲûпԼһʱɫַȻҲ仰ڻµʱѾȫгȥˡ
ٶȣҪӳòʮӵʱ䣡
ǣֻ̻ʹַߣȴԵòŲ̻ʵ󣬾Ȼǵϥ¹һŲŲվ
̻ҲûκżɫַѾԼ߬һһ̣Ȩȹ̶Լǰ˫ַȨȶˣĬһЩʲô
ʼĬͼȨɢһ貵İ׹⣬һ̣׹ƺҪȹʯɢĹâҪң޲𹥻һֱӳȥ
֮ռǱһ㣡
ͬһʱֻ̣ʹȻΪ׹⣬ֱֱַߵķȥ
ˣʱɫһ䣬󺰵ɪգͶס̻ʣ취סػߣ
˵ţ;ֱ޲Ĺǰȥһҧ˫ȻſͼһɼΪŨҵϵԪ˲䱻չʱܵĿռϣ͵سӭȥ
ľͷҲ֪ǹػѽûɪȻǲıԹһ䣬ȴɳһӭȥ
ӭ·ȫĻͻȻըһƬĿռ価Գ
ͬһʱ̣Ѫ߲ûж˵ʲôҲһ׹׷ȥ뿭ɪʹͬһֶΣҧȫɢסߵıؾ֮
ǣֻػߵٶȼֱ̫ˣܹ̻ʵ޲ǰʱ׹ѾϣҳһͷԽѪߺͿɪյ֮У
һ̣ס˹̻ʵ޲𹥻ײһ˲Ͳһǿ
ǿͷڿȴͣԶûжֺҰ׵ɫȴ˵жôĳˣ
λ񣬻иϯǿֵס˲ͱɳȥԭ԰½ʥʵǰȴԵòһ
ؼǣΪ׹Ĺػȴֻͣһ˲䣬žͻ˿ɪպѪߵأ˲ͳ󷽵ַ׷ȥ
ţҲֵסһֱֱȥ
ǰϵԪǽڵʱͱ̻ʵĳ飬Ȼ٣ɻ˲ͽ棡
ַѾоǿĿռ𶯣ƴĴ߶Ŷҧٷȥۿֻʮ׵ʱ䣬ַȴɲаиҲᵽɤϡ
벻̻ʵʵȻ˱̬ôͼһ𶼲Ķ֣
ԭΪ̻ʽ˿ɭһЩҲ൱ͼܺͣȴ뵽֮һ̫̻ʵʵҲ˵õ˳ɱ
£޵еģ
һЩڰ޲ضסһ
һ뵽޲صַоͳŨŨıˣԼЩ֮˵ֵܵס̻ʵһڣʧȥֻ൱
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뵽˴ַ粻ںޣ治ΪɱɭͲϧһеĵȫ
ٺҲûãۿǰĿյ˲ĹʿַֻҧԼٿһ㣡
ǣʱַͻȻоһһ˲ͳԼţΪֻʹεַ֮ǰȼŰɫʥĳ棬ַγһİ
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ػһסַ֮ûԭͣʱٶȳȥ
ַֻǰһûпΧĻʱԼеػ߾Ѿͣӣʱ֣ԼѾ˹ʯĽ£
˿̣ǹ̻ʲϵӣ
ڹ̻ʵıַ绹ȼҧгݵĳԼ߷ǵѾƾɣҲһ˿Ѫֻǣַ翴ʱ򣬹̻һ֣ĿռͻȻģ
ҵȷǼ㡣̻ȨȳַһĲʱпˤ
ַף̻ȻˤֱָѾﵽͷף˿ַ޿ӣзƽȻȫܶȴԵúƽŶΪʲôҲǵأ
ߣֻҪҼǵþ͹ˡ̻һƬ̣΢΢˫ۣҲѾ뿪˵۶ܸоħĸӡ֮ǰӦǰѷħĸӡɣ
һ˫ۣǵƵƺѾ۾ַش𣬹̻ʱȻұ֤ƽ뿪
һ̻⻰ַʱԭִʦ뿪۶ʱ򣬵ȷǰѷĸӡԼ
Ȼַ粢ǣһĸӡǰִʦУֶ̻ȥ޲صַİѷĸӡνġ顱ʲô
ַϣȻҲ٣Ϊ͵ͳԼ꣡
˿ԲҪûй
ԣַǿѹŭҲϵǣȷҽȰȫߣٸҿͷȻ˵顮ѷĸӡҰɡҾͿǿǣ
µֱַӻ˳ȥ
ַ̻ǰĻﻹ˼ɫһĻַڹϷŪԼ
ֻǣַҲĵַĻ󣬿һַϵĿռָƽҲգȻ㲻ҾԽȡ߾ˡ
˵ţ̻ʱַ˹Ȩȡ
ַûκη壬ֱͦŽȨԼк㣬ڹ̻ɱԼһ˲䣬ҲͬʱԼеĿռָù̻аյõӡʱϣ
ǣʱַȴԭΧģĿռȻֱ̻ɫһ䣬ʱȨȳȥ
ַͿԭɪպѪλ͵ǰ֪ʲôʱȻֶһˡ
̻һϣȴһͨΧȹΧȹƺۺֳۣһСһλͨվȴ·һ޷ĸɽԵĹˣҲֻСһ㣡
Ѫ۵λ͸СѶ㲻ˣ
֮Ըоӡڵ۶Ϊû뿪һֱԼϢҵĴڡ˵쳣ƽ񣬲޹˼еóе
˵΢΢һ£˼ľһ㣬Ҫĸӡ㻹Ұɡ


ʮ ĬȻ
֣̻˲Ͳַ磬תλϵȥԵúǸӣڲͷڹˡ
ǰҾˡִʦƽ
̻һ⻰ʱҪףԵĿҵʵǣӲҵĶ֡
ԭͲĶִ֡ʦܵһɲΪ˸ܵġҪô
˵ţִʦһֻͻȻһɫƷֻһͽʧ
ַͿ̻Ӷһ£вɵЩִ֣ʦǽĸӡԼôô̻ʿ˻ôѵִʦǰԼǸӡǼٵģ
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ô㶼ûߣˣֲҪôִʦûнͣǷʵ
̻һ⻰ͻȻ侲һַָȻϧԷħĸӡΪȡҪȷħҪѵǷħת
ˡһϽʵ̫ˣߵͷ֮ʣҲһ޹ˡִʦûаţңǷתû˸ӡķǻܳΪ𣿡
˵Ĳ̻ʵ˵ͷȴһתһԸ⽻ħĸӡ
ܶ㲻䵽šִʦʼ磺ʵ
̻ʾؿŰִʦãſڵãңҾͷ
Уȷٰѷĸӡ㡣ִʦᶨҡҡͷһ㶼ûлأ˵ֲһ䣺ڳľȫҲĶ֣ػڳ˭ҲӲ㻹ʲôأ
һΣ̻ûشĬãŶػ߾һֻɱ֣ãҴӦ㡣
£ҲػкζַͻȻоԼİٴԼϳ룬Ƭַ̣ͻָɡ
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ִʦַʣͷŰִʦŵֻ֣ȻǸӡôһ¡
ִʦȴ΢ЦûнǰеСӵݸַ磺͸㣬͵һɡ
ַɻӹСӣʱͷͨСȻҲһƺ̺һķ֮
һ˵ʲôʱ򣬰ִʦȴַļº͵ЦúûţֻܽһС
˵ַ꣬ػȻ̻ʷȥĺȻǸɫƷδɵ̻ߣͰ̻ȥ
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ƽȴһ˵ַڶУʱһֵĸоǹʲôԼ
ʶĿַͿĿѾԶִʦϣƽƽַһɴ
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ٿѪߺͿɪգѪɰʲôַȴ˫пһ˿壡ɪգ˶ӵйƽı֮⣬ϸģһŨŨĲᣡ
ʱַֻоԼ͵سһ£
˲ʲôһȻתȥ
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ֻһ̣̻ɫ䣬ȻŭشٵģͲǸӡ
ǵģƭ㡣
ִʦٶȼյѾ̻ʺԼȫΧַ缸Ѿ˵ģ
ұͬҶûкɱ㣬ڣͷڹ˽һаɡִʦ𽥱ģǼ֣ҪϤѾϲˣ
㡭̻ʻ˵ʲôʱжʱĲҽ
˾һɼǿĸʴĴ
ǿҵġꡱûӰ쵽վһԵػߣȽȽȴ·һŨı׳š
ػֻӹ̻ʵԼԹʯţƽĶַ͵ڣ
ַ羲ţȴûлش·֮ٶȿ˰ִʦͰס
аִʦòַֻ﷢ᣬۿ΢ȡ
Ѫ߾ؿԲ죬һͷڿзİ׷ڸסı顣
ɪҧŴǣȴǱ۾һ̣ûǰЦб˶԰ִʦ廳
һŹ̻ʺͰִʦһʧʱȻ۽һͻȻһģ졭ӣ
仰ģ壬ȴֱܷǰִʦ
ͬһʱֻ̣÷ŻʧĹ̻ʵ˿̾ȻԼٻǣ
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ɾʱֻоһ¾͸һŨĹ֮˲ͽڳ˶˹̻ƽ𣺡Ӳġ
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Ϊ˶̻ʵƺղŲһˣ
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޷ߣҲתͿ̺Ͱִʦȫʧ̻˲ʮ꣡
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ֱ仯˲סˣ
ܾôָĹ̻üҲܾȡΪڸղŵʱ򣬰ֿľҪɱˡ
˵̻΢΢һ£۵Ȼһ˿ʧ䣺ܿϧˣȴû
˾ĬȻ
ˣ˵Щ˸еˣ˵Щİɡ̻ͻȻһһϢΪ»ع鵽ҵϣԣҵҲܸܳĹˣܿƵĹ֮ǰҲ˰ɣ
˭û˵ɪٴα۾ֻһαۣȴһα۵֮
֮ǰҲûаմӹ̻ߣ˵ˣ
˿̣˲Ѿ١
̻ʷɨһȦĿ⻹ַͣǾ仰ӡұ뿪
һΣкζַ統ҡҡͷޱҪԼȡɣҸ㹰ϡ
á̻ûκı飬ۼˣһͷַȨȣԸ
ʱһ׹Ȩȶ֮ռ価Ա飬֮ǰɱ޲صУַֻܸоһεҪ֮ǰǿ
ַ˲͸оһԼԼ޷ֻܾصȴ׹⴩ԼţַҲһУڰ׹⴩ŵһ̣ҲͬʱеĿռָ
һ̣ʱľǱ
ַ࣬ǰҲ˵Ӱӡ
һ̣ȥеķȻᣬĴδйƽ
ƫƫڰ׹ִַǰһ̣ǰĿռͻȻǲһһѣ׹ʧڱġ֮УţڳˣҲ̻ʣȫоһӲͣʱ䣡
ǿռ䣬ʱ䣡
ֻоǰһͿǰͻȻƾնһӰ


ʮ 
ӰСһۿȥ뵽ʣվ˵಻Զһżĸоǣȴֵĺף·һֱվδ뿪һ
ʱ򣬿ռûκβȴоһ̣ʱƺͣˣ
ַǰѾָԭ̻İ׹ҲѾʧһƺûлعַ۽ǵȻס
һַ̣硢ɪպѪ߰˭ûзӦ̻ȴӦˣ
ȻҲԾӰͻȻ֣ɫû̫ı仯ĿתӣȨҲͬһʱ
˲䣬һ׹Ȩſռ侶ֱӺȥ˶ܷһΰ׹ٶȱַһٶȼֱ˲ֹһ
ڳ˶ֻ֪Ҫ׹УǺֻһ
ǣ׹ʵ̫ˣַȻ֪˵˭ʱ־ԼȴʵַϽ㿪ɻڵʱ򣬰׹Ѿ˾ӡ
ǡ
˭Ҳ벻ǡ
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ʲôûзӵһ㶼ûб仯֮ǰֱһһ
˲סˣ˭Ҳû뵽̻һ֮ǰھӵϣȴһöûС
ӵʲôݣ
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ǣȴֱ׸˹̻һۣм֪˭㻹ʸ񣡡
̻һ¾ͱŭˣ仹ܵסԼˣ̧־Ǽ׹Ȩȶ
⼸׹ǿִ˼֣̻Ȼȫ
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ԭ׹ٶɪն£׹ǱǰֹȻӸץסˣ
˷Ӧʱ򣬾ͻȻ֣ͽץסİ׹һɢţ̻ʣʧȥһ㣬ɢû˼ˣ㹥ô£ܵҲҷһ°ɣ
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أ
̻ʲôûü˵ӵʱͱըѪڿУһЩҷɵĺʹϣֱӾͽǵӴ
һɱըͻȻһֻػ߾վǰػҫ۵Ĺʯ
ˣ
һĹ̻ʾȻô򵥵ˣ
˲ɵȫɴ۾
ջֻ֣ʯǸӡ
תˣĿһһɨӶ󣬻ַͣ£漴ͻָһо֮ģЦٺ٣ˣһжˡ
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ǡѪҲع
ȴǱӲͷһڴϣˣǻط˵ɡ
˵ţʼ磺ģطܸоֵֹģ治
ȵȡͻȻʱڣǲҪٵʯ뿪
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Ӽˣٴ˵Ļᣬ˰һӣɢǾ߰ɣ
ţ˾͸оǰһԭΧĽʧתһɭֵĺϡ
ַʱҲ侲˿ɭ֣һ԰Ƕۡѿڶǡ־ɭ֣
һڣ˶ʱȻ
ٺ٣ɲĵһģַ磬˫ֺٺЦĵطôҲþ֮ɣ
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ַϸϸĴžӣұ֤Լûмӣ֪ΪʲôԼˣһ䣬Ȼûκζ⣬ֻԷݣסʵˡ
仰ȻҲ˵ĶУһ̣˲İĿ˾ӵϡ
һ⻰ͻȻúǹŹ֣˵ĿⶼԼϣɫ΢죬Щһ㣬ͻȻЩߵİֵȥȥȥҸתͷȥ
һ⻰ͬʱоǱǺһ£ʱ
žģȴֲҷʲô໥һ֮󣬱Ťӣװµģ͡羰ȴȻ˶䡣
оһЩ֪һСӣǰô£Ƶ˵ʵһλΰʫˣǽоƽӡ
ӵһͨʵַͻȻڴŤŤӣУԸʷһ¡
ȿȣַԼʱεĿ˳һˣûԷģһͦٺЦǣǡ
ԣݿ϶ˡַյš
һ⻰ʲôһ£ͻȻ̾˿ַ磬˵˵Ĳʵڡ

仰һ˵ԭŶ˲һѪĳ嶯ַȻǿЦģ̲ס˳ǣǿЦɣ
ôܣӼַ粻Լʱֱ׳㣬ʲô
ַһ£ĬƬ̣һγϵˡ
֪ҽʲô𣿡Ӻһ
ַҡҡͷﲻţҪ֪ʲôǻô
Ȼַ֪룬ҡͷ̲סεĿһӵͽˡ


ʮ 
䣬ַʱͳĬ
˼壬ʷҲһԻ͵ļ壬˲ٵ伮˼ʷƾãǰʮ۹ȻԼϣ֮ǰɴδ
Ⱥ󼸴˥ܣҲں峤Ĵٴ˻Ի͡
ԣ½Ѿû˻áˡˣֻһϺһʷƾõļ塣
ڣַУֵֹֹĸо
һַһŵģʱһüô𣿡
˵ţͻȻַһֱֻۣһֻƵڰ׾Сĸ첲һ
Ϳһ΢Ŀռ䲨׵ĸ˾ӵƤţһɫѪҺ˳
⻹û꣡
ֻһСѪҺ˿ڱԶһ˰̶û£·ûƹһ㣡
㡢Ҳ壡ַʧڽ˳ֱڣеžӵĻˡ
ջֱۣ΢΢һ̧°ͣô˰ɣ
ðɣҵڡַ翴ˣокǹ죬վԼǰľȻԼϹŵڣֻǣ˵ʲôʱһԵѪͻȻ̲סˣڲ廰Ǵ˵еİ񣿡
һͻȻڣɪҲ̲סˣȻתһݵˣ֮Ǿϲѽԭǰѽ˼òµģ
Ȼǰ񣡡˿ڣҲ̲ס˵һ䣬ֻǣвûѪߵļҲûпɪյľϲֻм򵥵ܣ
λһڣλиϯҲæתֻǣȻλͿеĻʲô˼ɻĿˡ
ַҲ㲻˵˵ʲôɻʲô˼
˵ţ㳯˿ȥҵڣܽһ𣿡
ٺ١һѳſСӣһ֮ģһ˵Լ֣û֮ǰΣ˶κɻĿ⿴Լһ¾ʹ˻ϻӣ񡭡ٺ٣ƺʵ̫ˣȻǵʵҪǿǲԶඣ
˵ţ򵥽һƺ
ʵϣƺҲֻһϾ˵ʵǰȻ˵ԶǣҲԶ;ܿȵġ
̻ǰʵűİִʦҲй֮޲ҲֻǴ˶ѡ
ʷһʼ˵ĳƺǡӽˡ
˺䣬ƺҲʡԳˡ񡱡
Ŷô˵ҵڣ֮ôǿʵѵѾеԪ֮ȫǷں𣿡ַ˵Ľ̲ͣסһ䡣
һַ⻰Ҳ˶䡣
ȴһĵĿַ磬䲻мʲôЦ
ôַ粻üͷ
ҿǸߴ·ˡ˺СӣһһָˣԪȫٽںϣȻαʵȴ
˵ţʹһǿ񡢺ڰ񡢻ԼԪΪʲôܴﵽ񼶣ΪֻһԪأһԪ˼£ǲܳҿû˵ʲôȫ񣡡
ô˵ͨȷгĿˣַ粻ɵһ
ǵȻΪƾð𣿡ûһ䡣
ַһ£ʵѵô
ȻǣǼΪַԴôһӣʲôЦҸ㰡ֻǰһԪ˼£ټôһŻǿ࣡
ǿ⡮һҪˡַԼţ仰㳯һ˽ֻһԼ
ǣַû뵽ǣ˾ȻĬ漴ɫĬ˰죬ſ˵˵ĲһȷҪˡ꣬ɲ֪ж˶˼£ҲµľŸɹõ˸ӡ
˳صĻҲ
ԭԪؿɲһϡ٣ʳɫ鶼ܽһԪ£µľŸֱسγɵĸӡǵĻвԼԸӡΪý飬ס˾Ԫؼǿȡ
Ǳ޵Ԫ֮Եɱ˵ʱаԪµ飡
ôôģַһ䡣
һ⻰ϵԳɫΪǹĵܵܣһķϣҲܹ񡣡
ƽ쳣ڶУȫĬ
һ˵ģʱмΪжôôҲͨ飬ǵҲиڷͳεպΪµԵʶû׷ͷ͵˼£ŻһһͳԺгʱڣӰ£ӡɢԪɢؼ䣬ȻҲӰ
һμ򵥵Ļνڹķչһ¾˵ĵ׵һյƣ˲ڵ塣
ȻøӡΪԼܸõͳΣøӡסؼԪ֮ǿȣٶɱµˣûκвǵȻ͹ɢ
Ȼǿķ˾ͳȨҲû׷󣬱Ĭ
ŷͳεʱԽ֮ȻһЩ硢ϣö֮ڰս
ֱ䣬ڰ񾡽˯ҲͽĵڣԵʥǿ߶üˡ
ַ⻰ЩͬʱҲӿռָͳ˷ĸӡпۣɻѵؼֻоŸڴ֮󣬾û˷µԪˣ
˵仰ʱַﲻɵҲЩɻԼյĵ㲻һµԪأ
ֻǣһȡӡΧһ¾ͱòһˣλʹǰһӡĿоֻеʥǿߵɶٶЩԾˡ
ǵģؼֻоԪԿռΪγ磬ͬҲֻоŸӡ˿ַеĸӡȴûа̰ļ˵Ǹʱÿ鶼лøӡģڣӡϣûаصԪ£Ҳںϡ
˵ţɨһȦˣʥǿߵͣƬ̣ķ̵ڣǰǷĸӡΪ˸ӡ˶ܳҪΪµķǰǣѷ£򣬰ǰľֻһô޷ٵʯͷ
һλһ¾ͳ¹¹˵λʥǿĵ׵ͷʱһɫ΢죬ĵ̾һ˭Ҳûз
ַ絹Ǹˣĵλ˽֣Ҳ˵Լɻ󣺡ô˵ûˣС
˵ַԽҵڣ˵ģӡӦָԪԴȪɣ
û˵˵ͷ
ַʵôʱʲôأҼǵãոճֵʱʱƺͣһ£ڳҲȫоˡȫ˿ʱǿٿʱ䣿˵ʷϣδֹʱµأ


ʮ Ը
ַһ仰ʱյΣ˲˸ճʱһĻ
ʱڳ˿ȫƾðˣңҲоһɲǣʱľͺͣһ㡣
ַ˵˽ʱ䡱µĻ޵ˣ
ֻǣһ⻰һĴȣеôܣ
ʱǲתͣģҪ֪ʱһϵʣκı䣬ѿռǳԪصĿܣʱЩԪԼռ꣡
ĵĽ͵û꣬һоͶһգе飬񣬶ǱʱãûʱǵĻ͸ǣңʱҲֻƾŲٿعԪشﵽ´Ӷӻռˣһ鶼ȥСϷ
˵ʱһֵһСϷڳ˿СϷѾ㹻ˣ
룬Էսʱʱʱ仹ڶԷϣǽһôֲˡ
Ҳˣ˲Լνġ¡жôԶ
˿˳ĬӣȻɨ˵İ˰֣ˣ˵ЩҲûõģµʱȻͶˡ
˵ţͻȻĿַеķӡϣ΢΢۾ַٺ٣Сӣղſ˵һ㰡
ţַ绹Ʒζ˵Ļһ£ŷӦһ㣿
ղ˵ãָŷӡ
ַ粻ɵÿ˷ӡһֵۣôѵ
˵ַʱоɪջѪ߿ԼĿͱòͬˣжȻһ뵽ִʦǰζԼ˵Ǿ仰
Ȼ˺ٺһЦЦЩգȥȴһ֡ɡĹоֻһۣŰĿתַϣԱ˵ĸӡֻ൱һô޷ٵʯͷǣѡΨһ̳˿ɾͲһˡ
仰ǳԱ֮ڣַ϶ᵱ棬ǣ԰񡢹ĵܵܡԼ֮ڣȴͲһˡ
ֻǣַ绹Ǹ㲻ԼʲôʱķѡΪΨһļ̳ˣæڵôܣʲôʱѡҵģô֪
٣ţ˶ʱƲƲ죬΢΢˿ŵ㣬ôģ

ѵǵ
ַɻ֮࣬һַֻ˵ǰ΢΢ڷֳһ˿Ƶ֮С
ͼַһ˿žһ˿Ȼ
˿˳ĵ׵һЩԶżһͻȻúǸӣù̾ϢһǷԪأҲƷ꣬Ϊ֮еһøӡ飬ԣǿĴڡ
ţǹپǺڰ񡢻񣬶ȵϵԪøӡ֮ʱѾʮˡʮʱ䣬Ѿָֻ׸ǴСĸӡС
˵Ȼһ۵׾ǲɣٺ٣¾ڣϵԪĸӡҲûзӡİٷ֮һ󡣡
ַʱԴѾըˣ˺ĻûȥԭΪԼյǸԼǰǰйأȴôҲ벻ֶȻǡԪأ
վԭطãŵɡҵڣڵֶǵ
һʵĴʡȻô˵ȴǼᶨҡԴСӣ̫ԾˣǾԲϴģ½ϻԪصҲֻһǷָļ̳˻ʲô
˵ţַһǲŵӣɴһָµĺߵã㣬Ѹۡ޽СߣѵΪС𣿡
ַ粻Ȼ
Сǵ귣֮أɵһöذըӼ˵䣬־д棬ȻÿһëܻΪΪ̳ˣҪշëķԪأôͻƵʥ֮
ô˵ַ粻òˣֻǣһ뵽ȻǷëַһ˵ĹоؼǣûٳԹ
Ȼûеθ̶ֳȣַ籣֤Դ֮ԲٳԵˣ
ֻǣ˿ַı飬Ϊַ粻ţ΢΢һ£ٴ˵СӣĵʱӦûᾭװɣ㣬סǵ귣ͨĳͷֶ֮һֻΪʢģĲŻ֤־δ䡣
ðɣҵڣѾˡַæˣʱѾȥ֮ԴΪдŲͬ໥Ħķŵˣֻ֪ͻȻһɿܵĸоԴԳ˵ô˵ǲǾҪеµȻˣ
ǵȻ˵ȻΪѡΨһ̳ˡ
ǡַȻһ£˵һ˶벻ĻҪ˵ҲԸеΣҲԸȥأ
˻һڣΧʱͱþĵġ
˭û뵽ַȻ˵ԸĻ˿̣˶ЩȻ
ַ翴˵ģص̾Ϣһ͵û뵽ҾȻǷļ̳ˣҲ벻ôξȻҵϡ˵ﻰĲԸȥ˵䲻ģǵƨ£ңѡΪ̳˵ʱΪʲôԸԸ⣿ƾʲôһѡҾҪΪȥ飿
£Χɾĵģÿ˼ֱǲԼĶ䣬ҲԼ۾һ㡣
ַ˵˭ҲҲɡ
ѵ˼ҲԸļ̳л
ƾʲôѡ˱˾һҪе
Χʱ֮У˶Ĭţַ˵Ļ
ڣù΢΢̾˿˵СӣȻԸѾɲѡˡ
˵ţַԼ˼æ͵ڤڤעһаɣ궼û뵽ѡļ̳˾ȻֻܾǣµΨܽԲȥеΣҲԲȥΪ񱨳𣬵ǣѾ̫ǿˣһѣͻвһ̳ˡ
˵ַ꣬˵ĻᣬһˣڰҲĶ֣ʱƽĻȥ𣿾Ϊˣں˺ںԼԼҲҪȥܷĴУ
ң˷ĴжҲûκκôȣӵ޵ֻҪ粻ͲߣĳΪһˣ˭ҲĶ֣Σ㽫ӵͨ籾Դƾʥǿ߸Ͳ£ңֻҪڷˣ㶼ɽ临
⻰ַеʱһݣô˵Ļ޲ءִʦϿӰȵȵǶܸˣ
ңԼʱҲԽȡݡϿȵһЩʥ֮٣Ҳӵˡ
һַ̣绹ЩĶˣֻûбϣǳĬƬ̣Ż˵ҵڣûǴĻղ˵ǹ׵ܵܰɣΪʲôôϣ׸类ļ̳ɱأ


ڰʮ ÿжеս
Լڣַ˵ĻνǴ󲻾ˡ
ǣǱ޿ɱܵʡ
ѽǹĵܵܣΪʲôҪļ̳ȥɱԼĸأ
˵Ӧֹķɣ
Ͼܻڣ˲ֵ֪ܿ²ˡ
ңַɻڳҲɻֻǣǰʵûѯʳڣϾ˼ҵ˽£͹ֲԼ¶ƾʲôȥʣ
ֻһַʳҲˣȻ˭û˵ЩʲôȴţҲ֪
һ⻰üͷʱһǰоģʧḡʵһ˲һ׿Ȼĸо
ͷĬãǻŹĿ˸ͣ㿪ڵҵĸ磬ȴһĳˡ
ƽ˵һ򵥵飺쳶֣Ƣ꣬ݲһɳӣȻ츳ȴϲŭ޳һ֮Դ󷢣ǿԼáҵ׽㣡ʱվֹĸĸҲһɱˣº̵ĽĸʬѶڽŻҵ潫ĸѪһһ˽
գʹ̵Ľ¶뿪֮ҾͶԼģһ죬һɱ
˵˵ԾֻǣͻʥɱЩצǧټƵѰҵҲ֪ѾΪұ޷Խ񼶡
ֻǣвʣһֱƴţֱ󱲵Ԫؾ鶼Ѿһûгɹ
ٺ˼¾磬ȴǿʼɱǿߵʱԪشﵽ£ƶһвԣҵҲȻϡ
ţ׳Ĭ
ҲֻǶһ£ͽ˵ȥǣҸеʱǷվסʱӲֹȻ֪ҲΪԼһƶᷴԡѪסΪҵƶİѱȻܸмϾҵ
Դ֪֮ԿͨƽӣһȥȨͷֻһңҿʼϧ£ϧǰˡ
ֱ֮սΪȵһᣬֻǣû뵽ǣǿķȻⳡսʧߣҺãƶҲ˳˯ҲӴһ١
˵˶ȻĿתַ磺Сӣ㣬Ƿǳ£ԣƶѾûз֮ǰұҪȰŪҲܼȥÿһҶᱻجξѣֱǰ÷㡭ڣ㶼𣿡
һγ£ַﲻֿЦĴ
ϣ֪ж˲η١
ƫƫӽˣȴҲˡ
ѵһַô
ֻǣַûаЦƬ̣ͻȻʳһ⣺ôһʱ䣬Ѿгȫ񣬾ֻΪ˵ܼȥ
һ⻰ٴγĬãƵӦ֪ܶʱ֮ԻŲΪԼŻȥʱ޿̶ƶֻҲܳװġңҲڵȻƽԸһֱȥȥԣվĸǶ˵Ҷ
˵ţͻȻ̧ͷǸɫ̫૵һУʱ޿ﶼڽһսͷ֮һУһͷǶǣǷŭǼʡġǻںޡ̰Ը԰ھΡޡԡ٣Աǰҡ
һͷǣϲáƽ͡ǰϣǫѷʴȡͬ顢
ͷǷֱ޷µĳ޺͵Ҹʮȴɲʤ󲿷ֵʱռϷ磬ҲСֵʱ򣬶ǻѹ档
˵꣬ͻȻջĿ⣬ٴοַ磬ͬսҲÿ˵нţܶʱҲ˽ֻӱܣǷƶ֮ľȵȣ
֮ڸʱ򣬶Ҫܿһöսʤǣҧ¶ǵԴ
ôַ˼ˣһͷǻӮأ
һΣַãŵص㻨Ѫȥιһͷ
ôΪַһʵιӦһͷأ
ͻȻЦˣشַ磬Ƿʵῴں˺Щں޹𣿡
ðɣӮˡַҲЦˣֻǣ˵䣬һݣ֣ص䲻ԸҲĵű˰ҡ
˵䣬ַ粻ٶ˵ɨһ̧ۣͷڿеǿŽ׵̫󣬱һԾСС
һָ̣ƽ


ڰʮһ 
ȻСǵ귣ص㣬ַѾ³˼֡
ǱĹûһͣ٣ֻǣΧЩΧԼΧŽɽĵȺַв⸡ϼ˿ĸо
ڵʵܿʹﵽ˺׸λãң׾ͲµĸֻһԻ۵Ŀռϡ
ֻռ֮һ˿ַ֮΢Ƭ̣ǽ˿ռ⣬ִڷֳһ˿ֱϣǣȴûзһ仯
ַ粻
ѵҪϵġԿסΪĵ
ٴοƬַ̣ȡ˷ĸӡԡ
ȻнӽƴСɫӡַʱ͸о˸ӡϵϵ
ʱ϶Լʧˣ漴ûԥǱĺס
ǣַû뵽ǣһɽĵײˣ
ֻЩ˲Ҳػߣǡ
Щʹĳакڣÿһֻʹ֫ȴǳӲ˺ƮɢΧĳ㲿ȱȫ
ÿһֻȫ˫ۣһ֪ѾɹؼǣЩʹ岢ûκθõĺۼϵ˿ڶͬող
һֻֻĿƯˮУ沨һЩʹϵĳѾˮɢƯˮ渡ȥ
һַ粻һܾǰԼСʱôӸλץһʲôϵë
ŵĹַҲæӿռָҳ鿴һ£ٶԱһֻɫʹϵë˲ףëǴӰɫʹϷġ
ַ֮粻Щʹʬ壬ת˳ŽɽٴγǱȥ
ûʱַʹʹʬȺʱһᣬҲù
ţ͵ڽɽײĲԶһߡʬ壡
ʬռ״Сַ߾צϵһƬָ׶硣
һۿȥʬͨϣһϸϸȴ֣ɫƺֻһƤϵʣַιȥŷ֣ʬıƤʵɫ
ơࡢס졢ڣȻһ˿ȥǵûۻҵĸо
ַֻǿһۣжʱһ
Ȼ
ѵ
Ȼַ绹δ㷢Ϸĸӡһ΢Ĺڻȥˣַв˵˸С
ţͻȻоһĳطһ
ӦĹ򣬾ͿʬƤϵͻȻ׵ϸʬϷ۳һ
һַԺðһȻͷ
ֻû۾Ӻͣ䶼ûУֻһûݵԴ沨ƯɫͷַͿ档
û۾ַǸоԼԼ
һַ̣粻Ĺо·淣ڿԼ飬Լһ㡣
ţ͸оϵķӡһɣǻһַСѡŶǸɫƮȥ
ͬһʱַ̣ҲͻȻһλҵĴˣǷ˹µλʱѾ˹ʱþȣ֮ǰһʶɵʶ
һδйӣ塢ħ塢塢塢Ǿ壬ȫƽȵġ
Ҳ벻ҪܾȻһ˿ڿռʱѡ㣬Ǿ˵ʺϼ̳зλ顣
֮䣬ΪҵĶרĲҶδй֮ģ̳λ֮ǷԸΪҸҶǿϡ
ڼ̳λ֮󣬱ضԿҵ鲻һҪСģҲ㲻Ҫ¸һĴ󣬲ҪȥЩʵȴвĻٶ
ڴпʼ֮󣬲֮ǰκԪأȫᱻ㣬ֻӵз֮Ϊһӵǰȫʵ֮ܡ
ţһܽһС
Ը֮£ܹҸ
˱ѽһʶɵ˵ĺܿ죬ȴǿӡַһ㣬ֻһ飬μС
ͬʱӡҲƯ˷֮ϣʱһ𣬽ţâʢ纣һַӿ
ʱַ类âΧס͸оһεǿаԼ۾ϣΧâҲһɹɵĳԼ˽
ţַͷǰͻȻһĻĻİĻ棬еļǿ߱оϽµĸѹѹƬ
תǰһмѹһĻĻĻ治ַǰţַ翴ս֮ʱҲо֮ǰĻԪҲǿг
Ȼ͸оӡԼںϣڵĵǱ̼һ㣬ķš
ԭѾɺڶĵ罣Ҳڼ仯š
ɺתΪʣַʵʱת˺ڡ
ǣٴαɺڶĵ罣ȴַоɽһأҲȣ
Ȼ󣬺ڶ任ΪѣٻعΪס磬ֱԣֹͣ
ǣַȴԵķֱġѾǵġǰġȻǷԪ˼ֳļ̬׵ĸռ䣬ƺиʱ
ͬʱַǰĻҲе֮սĩβ
Ϳ޴ӿ£ڵϣ˲γһӣȥַ翴С
һ̣澡ˣַжʱһҲ˫ۡ
ء
ַ˫ۣɽͻȻըַʱΪһ⣬˲һ棬ʧ˸߿֮У
ô£ԾĽг˰֣ͷϲһռϣ˷һ±ըСڵĺˮըγɵưôꡣ
ֻǣ뿭ɪաѪ߻λʥǿ߲ûзգۼʧڸ߿еַ硣
ֻ˴ɻʣƺҲȷŷ顣
ţͲ˼ȥˣΪըչСоͷһĺ
ĺ𣬸˷ĴӺ
ĺ˵ĶУʱľĸоλɫҲ䣬벻ֻһЩеԼ˿־塣
⡭ʲôֻоޱȣѾò֮£ɫҰףȫڴ
ʥǿҲǿ٣һ̣˶Щǿˡ
ǣЩã۾ȴϤ֮ϤתΪ˾ϲţ̲ס˷ܣ󺰵壡帴ˣ
ӡ֤ĻһĺԽԽȻһֻСĻƽ˲˺棬ϸ߿ա
˷ӦĹԽԽĻƽų˳һֻƽ׷ȥٽţһֻֻȵ½Ӻгֱʣ
˲̧ͷȥͿڵһֻ˶ĻƽĴ£еȫϿգ죡
źлһֻֻ岻ͣɳϻۣȷӦ˹¶һ˿ĵɢɡ
ɾڣǿŰɫ̫ͻȻâʢͷǹԭ̫ţͻȻһĨڣڰɫ̫ҫ£˿ڲԣȴоһ̵Ĵزûиøˣ
һֵĸоɫ̫âʢȴǸоЩ谵ʵƺһ̣оͺֳһɫ̫ɢźɫĹâһ㣡
ɫ䣬ʱãͺڰѾˣߣ
˵ţ˷ӦĹһ֣˾ͬʱʧԭء
ֻоһͿԼ˹ƫϵǿŹʯɢĹâƺʢ˼֣
죬ǵȫóУλʹһ䡣
һ㶣漴æͷժһͷͷģ̺ǹӴȴʾ
һԵĿɪѪ߼ˣҲӦ˹æȡ˸Եݸˡ
˿Ҳûһץ˵ͶȻŹʯȥﻹ󺰵ȥϳػߣǿûʯ
һ仰Ȼڳˣγһ㣬Ŵʥǿ߳ʯϳȥ
˻δһֵȥͼռʱ飬գۼʹﵽ˹ʯǰ׼ȷ档
ʱʯɢĹâһ˿һԭվŵػߣʱĻȼյĳ˳ȥ
ѾȫԼϣػ߳ƾʵȻ޿ɱܣʱײһ
޴Ȼըȴǿпɢҧ죡ǿ죡
˲ʥǿ߻δʱ򣬾Ѿ嵽˹ʯ֮ǰһ˾ȫʽŹʯкȥ
˺һһ¾ùʯɢĹâһЩǹʯػ߶ʱͷˣתλͳȥ
ؼʱ̣һҲϢæһֵȥ˳󺰵ע⣬պý࣬ǧùػ߹ǣ
һֵȥػ߲һ룬ֶȻ۷ٴγ˳ȥ
ʱʥǿҲѾǰ˿϶λһͬʱʹǿʽʯȥ
һȺ½ϵľǿ߼̤ûǻ۵Ĺػߵ̣ÿʯһΣʯɢĹâͻһ˿
ͬʱڰ֮УǿīĺڰʯҲɢڵĹâڰ̻ȻܸоԶĶɫȻЩѿ򶨡
΢ĬƬ̣һӣ˲䣬ǽڶȻһȫ˺ڰ̻ʵǰ
ǿŰɫ̫Ӵս飬âڻ䵭۵Ȼһ˿ã
˲䣬ȻľԶԭãͻȻͱþ
ΰѾˣΪʲôȴоԼһءڰ̻ʶ壬һ䣬漴ȴǶȻת˹ķͻȻǱúһ㣬ȻЩ޲ءȥ𣿡㡢ԭҵģ𣿡
˵ţ̧һ˫ϸ۵֣ȥϵĺۣµȫ¶˿֮С
һ̧̣˫ֳķһӵĶ󣬱۾
ţڰ̻ͻȻɢһɿֲƣеĺڰһ˲ȫڷӿ
ֻӿĹУȴǲһһơ
ŷӿĺڰԽ࣬ϵҲԽ࣬еĺڰȫӿһɲǣҲӵƶȻ飡

һз·عֻкڰʯԱڰػߵҡš
ֻǲõĹͻȻֳ˾ŸŸصвͬÿһȴɢһǿﵽļµĿֲ
žŸĿֲҲԽԽŨ
ϣеǶͣеĶԼͬ볯пȥ
ͿŸӰѾΪʵ壬вžĵһ̣ƺؼԪصŨҲǿ˲֪ٱ
ܶһֱΪܲԪͣ߼۷սʿ
ԭҲø
Ĥݵĳ嶯ʱÿһУ鶼ʲôеľŸӰȥ


ڰʮ 淴
ǣ߿оŸӰȴûпϵУǸɫӰȻ¿յĹѹһ֣һǿܰɫĹâٳȥ
֮ռ価ɷ۰
ַۼˣ󾪣ܸоǿɶڹ﹥ʯŹ̻ǰΪռȫ֮ùһɹ£˵ʥǿߺλͣ¾˶Ҫڹ֮У
벻ԼŸյ磬ͷѵĹͺڰһ仰Ҳû˵Ĺȴڵһʱ˷䡣
ֻǣַȻʱΪʲôҪż䣬ĹҪ£ƫƫڹеʮȴްΣʶȻһҧ˫ƽٳһ
֮Ѿв̧ͷȴÿǸɫӰ˫һ㱻һŨϹ⻤סнµӴϹ棬ֻǽϹĹâ˼֣ϹĹȴǰȻ
ַɹסĹȴʱ͸оڷ֮ļģֻͬʱܸоԺеķӡɿطڳķ֮ġ
ؼǣһУȻǿŰɫ̫ƶȥַ绹δ⣬ΧźڰȴǶȻʧɫ
ַ磡죬סƶһסҲǧҪ֮Ȼ¾㿹ˣ
ַУȻֵĲһ˲䣬ַعΪ𾪣
ԭ˰
ͬһʱ̣ҲһΧºڰ񿭶ЩֵǣԼλԪϳǸԵ֮⣬һɵѪɫ
Ѫɫɹĵס˰๥
ڸܵѪɫĵһַ̣绹ЩƣǣоڴЩݵڶ飬ַжʱȻ
Ѫɫɲ֮ô
һ뵽ַʮ֪еֿˣ
ַ磬㻹Ÿʲô
һֲ׵ĶȻַļ両˲ַع
ַ粻һݣʲôۿŹҪƶ˰ɫ̫æȫ֮׷ȥ
ͬʱð׷ϲϹķգ׷ϵٶȷֳһ˿·󺰵ǿܰɣǧҪ׵ıɼƷˣ
仰ûκΣеҲ
һ¶޴ģǻûзӦ׷ʲôѾͬʱѾվˡ
ǣһ⻰ɫù
Ҳһ̵Ĺַ绹δϹ񣬹ѾǿŰɫ̫ĸǰ
ûκԥȻɫ̫ȥ
˲䣬׹ʢ֮
һ̣ɫٶһ䣬ַɫҲѿ
һַ̣嵽ǰ׹ҲȻȫ۵˹֮С
һַ̣ڣȫܸоڼַܲƺͿҪԼˣ
СƾҲΪ˹ôȻַ𣬾ͿмԼ
ַûд嵽ǰͬʱ̧־ͳŹкȥ
ͼȻһըֱŰɫ̫Ĺϡ
һ˲䣬ɫ̫ĹâʱͰ˼֣γɵĻҲڿŹ֮
ɹȴǲںһȼյĻʱʧ
ַҲûţֻмը𣬿һν˺ü硣
ֻһνµȻһ粻ͬУһɫڹϣһЩ֮öһڶɫűը˲ըһ֮ͬʱҲըƫһ塣
ɫϢȴڶһ㼱֮
һ̣ЩݣҲֱԺɫ磬ҧҧǿֹͣ˼գԶԶ뿪˺ɫķΧ
ַ˵ɫ磬һ¾ĵӽ֮һȻԺеĸӡڲͣؿٲ䣬ȻٶԶԶﲻĵĳ̶ȡ
ռ̳˷ʵãԷЩֶλ̫ϤֻһһʹóȴԼ罣ͬһЩִ硣
еϲǣǰֻǵĵ֮ǵӵԵĺɫ磬ȴĺڶһ㣬ɵɫ̫ĹâȴתΪȵַ֮ġ
˵ĻԶԶСĵ
ؼǣһַ֮Ͷʱ֮Ҳֻ޸֮ˮȻպ˲ȴûޡ
Ҳ˵˵ӡǸֻиӡԽԽǿʵŻߡ
Ȼ֮Ҳֻһʱʵνġ
һ̵Ĺ򣬹㿪ɫȴַͻٳűΧµĺڰȥ
ͬʱһֲȻĵ𣺡ģʰ⼸һȻɵðһʰ̳п˹ʵСӰ
ʧһ󲨶û⣡ȻķϣǾһΣ
βʧ񾡽ԱɫλۼŹﵽǰȴûæ˱ܣͷ͵ĳڰ񷢶˹
ͬʱһŴҺն˹Ը֮飬Ҳ䡣
ߣΪôôм
ƽص֤һС
ͬһʱ̣ҲѾ֮ǰſ˫ۣǰпռ価ԻΪ۳ƣܿĳǰӹȥ
ۿҪĹǣ񲻽ɫ䣬вΣʱ̣ڲټڰ񣬳ܿĹ
ǣڰǵ룬һЦþȫٶĵԪˮԪһ֡
ʱһǿĺڰס񣬲ק˻һ˲޷ۿҪûڹĹ֮Уܿɫѿޱȡ
ԪͻԪѾסˣ
ڣͻȻһʵ磬ʵٶȱ˿ɲֹʮκηȫĺڰ˲ͱԴϣ
һ̣ڰһ˲䣬ʹȫë״ӿɫѪҺˮԪоԼʧ˼æȫȥڱĹһ̣ɹȫ룡
Ť׷ʲôʱ򣬾ͿڰѾһƤңֻƤȴһӤ״ģȭͷСĺɫӡƯڰ֮УһɫѪҺӸ߿¡
磬ʱһ㣬ǷС淴ˣ
ǽӴ񷣵һս˻ֱ̬ʧ
ԭƾڰʵȻʵԪҲɱܿɾΪ̰Ļᡣ
һ̣ľ޴ɫЩ׵ַһ֣ŵĺڰʱͳΪͯƤҵĺڰ񣬱ÿռ֮ɵӽ˹Ĺ֮У˲ͱ
ͬһʱ̣û˹עĺڰ֮Уǿɢڹâĺڰʯ˲ϨԱߵڰػߣҲΪޣֱʧ
У񲻽ԾڷŵһĻ˭֪ǷǿȴҲߵ֮ǰľ޴һзֱ䶼ûóڵʱУӴһ֮ϣͷż硣
֮ȴǵоõɱ˺ڰ
һ˲䣬вһɺЦȴ޷ЦȻо
Ƭ̣ӾͶȻŤͷֳǿŰɫ̫ȥ
״׷׷Ӧ볯ַ翴ȥƺҪַ絽׻ʲôӦ
ַȻͬڵ귣ǸߵļܣԸûκδ㵣˵ڹٴγɫ̫һ̣ȫֹ
ǣַ粢ûеǰֹ񣬷ץסڰĸӡ󣬾Ȼڿȱ۾ȫ߶˷ӡָ
ˣɣַڸʲôȻһôõʱ
ڸʲôɾҪˡַͻȻһֲ
˫ۣͿԼߡ
ǰˮػĸԪԼĬƫϴһ˿żַȴһ¾ͷֱš˵ӵһëʨĻ
λǹɵѪַвЩУֱӰ˻һۣڵȥôȥ
仰νɫһ¾ַҭһڣ㬲ȴûз
ַ粻Щ⣬࿴һۣƲƲôѵûʲô˵𣿡
仰µĹ򣬹Ѿɫַ̫ۣûԼԭأȻЩ֣ҲŹõĻᣬȫ֮Ҳֳһ˿ʱעܣ񷣻ͻȻٵԼͷϡ
һԶ֮ĹЩʧûʲô˵ģȻº͵Ŀ˹ͬ
ˡַɢĵһ䡣
һ£΢΢ַ˵ͷ˷ŵĲ죬ƽҵֽк˹
Żʼƽ͵ĽԼַ̾ϢһЩ
ں׿ķǰĻûٸҲס˵֪ҵ֡
˵ţַͻȻŤͷ֮Ĺ۾İɣȫ֮յҲа취ڣˣҪָһЩ
˵䣬㲻أԱ۾ȫ߶ӡ
ַһ仰ʱ
е֮ɾҪˣʱ򣬾һ¶һ򵥵飬ңԼһأ
Ȼÿжô룬ʱ˭ûǰȥֹգһڻַָ磬Ҳ֪ĶַĻԼǰֹ˹񣬷ᱻɱ
֮ʱͻȻȫĬԶɿ֮Ĺء
ڣڹͿҪе֮ʱһͬʱַ翴ȥͿַѾ˫ۣվ
һԶĹ񣬲֮Ѿյʣ޼ǿŰɫ̫ҲѾʧǵûżŤһһ񣬴ɻǸǶ֪ҵ֣һ֪Ƕʲôء
һ⻰񲻽һҭ벻ַʱȻ˵һĻ
Ӧ֮ȴҲӽԼ
򵥽ܣַ֪λ֣ϵԪշˮзֱΪ߯˹߯˹ղľ˹ղ˹
λַҲ⣬ͻҲַͲЩˡ
壬ܿǰĺ˵λͬĸ˫̥Ļͻʲôϵ
ۿλӣַҲ֪ڻȥʱ򣬱תƴһ֮ĹһȽɡ


 ǻؼ
ַ仰˵ƽƽ·һҲΪѾ֮ǡ
˻ûַ֮ʱַߣͻȻһӰ
ӰͻȻֺף񲻽һ
Ҫ֪ǿɶ鰡
˳ַߣǾȻһ㶼ûв
ַȴһԾֵĺǵ֪߻һһȻһֻѺõ˵ļ
һ̣ҲӾлָͿͻȻֵַ߳ӵַһףֻͷɫвͬңܴϸоһɺڰϢ˵ɺڰϢʵ̫ˣͶǹκв
һʼ񲻽ַ֣糤һ޶ѵֵַͬܣԼȴΪʲôͻȻԼûв
ţоƺַĳ־ϵϵʱʱˡ
ҵҵĺڰַŷļһ䣬漴һֻһȭͷСĺڰӡʱͳŷȥ
ַķ֮Ѿﵽˮ׼ΪľȻҲ̼ȥķľͬڰӡƯǰں˽ȥ
ţһɿֲѸٴַķбоܣͬʱһݣһĺڰˡ
ַŷѾɹ˺ڰ񣬱Ͷ΢Цˡ
ҰɣַȻͬĸ壬ȴַ磬˲ַ˼
һ̣ǰѾ֮ȫĹ񣬷ԥĳȥ
ڳ嵽ǰþȫеĺڰٳ۹ȥգ֮䣬ͽŰΧ档
ȻҲһĺڰȻгԾ˿е֮Ҳ˺ܴĵ
ԼĺڰмشЦƾĿǰںڰƿҲסң
£ԹΪģʱܱһǿĹ˲ͽסĺڰ飬ҲַķƷ˳ȥ
Ҳͬʱǹͻƺڰһ˲䣬һĽ䵽ͷϡ
ţַ⡣
֮ʣַֻԼ𣺡Ϊϴ񸴳ô㣬һֱΪ˱ȫԼ
ǹеһͷַ˵䣬һӣǱع鵽ĵ罣Ȼ壬˻ΪӤĹ
ۡ
罣˹˺ʱһ㣬ûΪӤĹһεķɿ淴ţգ֮䣬㻯Ϊδ֮ǰܾ̬׹ȥ
ͬһʱ̣罣ɻַУǸȺڰӡִһȦĹӡҲɵַǰ
ַջص罣ӡУ󣬷˵ͷ㽫Ϊڰķٶջ˿ռָ
һ̣еĹʯϨ˾ػҲʧǰ
֪Ѿ䣬ƲסмȻˣֱƿǽڣɵַǰ
ۿŹô׾ַǻûлعһһǰǷӦˢˢĳȥ
֪˵ݣʱĿⲻЩŹ֡
˵ĹַͽеĹӡӸҵڣ֪öӡʱûбںϵĻĸһ˿־ͻһڿռʱѰļ̳ˣԣɡ
˽ӹӡ޷Լ۾һãڿַͶûκλɵĿʱвЩж
ҵڣ֪Ҫģһֱֻǡšַ֡˵ֱ𣬲˴һ¡
ַ仰˶ʱоһůҲӦ˹Цַļ򣺡Сӿ涮ң
˵ţӡƮ˵ĶͷǰתѸں
ַ翴ת񣬲ת֮ϵЦѾʧȡ֮һİǹɵѪ΢΢̾һ
øƷʱҲ֮еһԱûг񣬶ҪƷȴƫƫֲǱĻ֪ʲô飿˵Ѿֵһˡǰûͨ˵ʵڽܲǵĮ顣
˵һ£һһ鿴һı󣬲żԣұضз硣ǻΪͬΪͺڰԵʶĴ˼ɲֱԣĲҪġ
˵꣬΢΢һӡںϵˣż˵ȥҪֻƽվڶԽУˣǵҲҪƽĹҾĹȨλ飬ÿһλ鲻ʵߵͣλȫƽȣκһ֮ǰҪͳһһľң̷ֻ˭Ҳ˽ģһ
˵ţжȻ˾޴Ĵ
һֱ˿־ɭֵǸСϣСϵضȻըĻɳɿͶ뵽С֮Уգ֮䣬Ѿʵ
԰Ϣˡַ絭˵һ䣬Сķ΢΢һ
漴㿴վڹµĹˣԼλʥǿߡ
΢΢һЦַٴξһӰޣձĶʧԭ
ʱҲѾںϣַ˵ĻȫʱλٺһЦֵ˼Ҹַһֻϲƽ˾ͽ
ЦŵĹ˵ӰҲַһޣֱʧ
ֻþһһ㣬˭Լ۾Ͷ䣬ʵǣû
ڿãγһ㣬¶˾Υɣ½Ӱ飬Ҳʧ˰֮С
ˣ۶ůŴأبŲ˥


ַӰӿֱ֣ʵ˰ݵķǰţݣһˡ
˵仰ͬʱҲݵķһˡ
İݴ֮ȴһģһַ磬ʱ󺰵ַ硭⼸һֱ̫վڸߴ˵۶һЩ߲㽨ң۶ǲǳʲô飿أһðɣΪʲôûиһأ
Űݵ⣬ַҲ޲ص˿̣ûж˵ʲô΢ЦŸ߰һ䣺ݣȵȺͿҪˡ
һ⻰ݵʲôøӱˣ૵ַ磬Ѿˣ𣿡
ַû˵ס󣬱ݾͳķȥ
ַ紫һͨݷĳϣһַ籧Űݷʱ͸˵ӭȥɿַ绳İģʱͷȻһԾͣӭȥĽŲ
磬ˡݴַ绳һͷĻ૵ˡˣǶɹ¶ˡ
İݵıοţ㳯ַ翴˹ȥַĬϵıʱֻо˲ȱʧһʲôֿնĸоЩᡣ
ԺǰҵġַȡǸ򵥵СľӣݹȥתͰݣҸǣĶһҪúϧ
ʲôңַʱתСľӡ
ûиᣬһ̣Ҳ˾רעؿ˰еСľС
ݼǿˮ˲ƿСľӡ
ֻǣСľʲôƷҲûУеģֻһ򵥵Сӡ
СûκλߣҲûκװΣȴĺ
ݺˣӾ濴ġԼ

˲䣬ֻоһһȻȼݸСĵСӣžԼ
ַվ࣬޲ĶָʲôĵģĲֱ̣˵ļָǰ쿴
Ͱһ£ʶͳַָķȥͿȵľͷͻȻһߴůӰǸӰϴɻɫòôϤ
ף૵һ䣬ȴû֣ƽĵһ丸ס
סûʹԼ˫ۣӷӦ˹ַ罿㡢Ȼƭң
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