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1  ̥л
Ϧ£ɽлڵϣ˫Ժһ۲ݣŶȣյĻơ
£
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ѵлҪһ𣿡лĵ
ǵһлǬ֮ӵĹ⻷лСܵĿעһлҵĸֲ鿴ʣҲ츳
õĽǾɾ͵ġ
֮ã츳֮ߣԳлǬܶ࣬ΪлҶ˼ϣлҵϣ
첻Ը
Դ꿪ʼлһһεĴ̿࣬Ϊõҩ࣬Ǳһ˶أ
ʱֵգҵʮ꣬ûһ˿Ķ
ΪˣʮʱлǬ´½ݷʦˣϣҵлĸɡ
ʧġ
˭ȫ½ų֣ҩʦһ϶лʡ츳μģΪֶӦɴﵽ
βʲô취л޷
ɴˣлΪ̥
ҪлܲζС־ΪлǬˣҪվ۷壬εĴûзÿǶĶܶǿսʿҪʵĵزԾûһ˿Ķ
ϦɽлЩʧ뿪

ߵɽһײź
ûжл֪ս֮˵ʵߣ䶷ನɥԸϽҸط
һɽʯ档
նһĲҽУл̧ͷһֻһܵĹУ˴Ӻһ͸ؿڣصء
Ǻ˴Ŵȫ˿ڵܹûȥԼĽȥǵӣƺҪʲôţͻȻ¶ϲɫӵӵĻóһµСӣֻȾѪҡ
ۣ
һѷذͱ˵ؿڣѪңҾҲҲҪ汳
ž
ǱذͰһɣСӵ档
Ӵ򿪣һ˸ϽɫԲɢŨŨлȥԲ
ʬѪˮѪζ£ԲȻɢŷǳصȫסΧһеϢ
㰡лõǰһ¡
ɫԲ򴥵촽ڻΪһĿǻڡ
лһϽŻ£ɲҶ϶ⶫǲжϾĺĶɲ١
Ż°죬ָ٣û³
Եĸоǻ֮󣬱ϡͣϪ֫ȫеޱȵ̹һϪ۵ؿλá
лǿ·һ糣
Ҳûɶо
鿴һʬʲôûУռָ֮ĴƷĶûУΨһעľǣ˵һ׻ڿյͼէһһ㡣
л켸뿪ˣɲţʬҲûܣ˭֪ûͬ
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ϵļһ鴤ɽеˡ޶ץһĲ飬ҪҲ˵ȻסˣҪҲǾͲû뿪ˡ
Щ˶˸ٴ
ңԶǣ΢Ҳһֻڿյİ׻ͼԸ˿ķϣɱҰɡ
ѰԵɫԲлȴѾǡ
ǣл͸еڡ
˵˭󣬺ʵģǵһлǬǳҲ޾׵ҩʦǹ̥л
ӵױȵ츳ڼ谭ʵȵȣȴ޷֮丸ǵһֵĹ⻷벻ע⣬ѣڽֵϣлǸе۹⿴
ģлôһܱôʲôлҰο
ĵȴӿǿҵĲġ
䡣
ⲻлҴ˽֪ĳ𣿡һ
лüͷһ壬ҲûǣǰС
һ˿첽ǰлǰ棬˫ſлţô찡ûٽ𣿡
л̾һһ֮ˣлܣлĳлĶӣһֱлͷлǲ˳ۣȥ·лҲ߹лҵԶףлա
лţôʲôѵЩϲһͽĻᡣлƤЦⲻЦߵлǰ
ʲô¡лĵ
лܺٺЦҲûʲôȱǮлžͽҵǮɡ
ûСл˵꣬ߡ
ţлһĨ
лֵסлȥ·лţҪǲǮǵĻܲ
лŭ߬ȭͷ
ôܣлţƾ㣬ûʸǶ֡лƲ쳰һָŲţһָܴķ
лŭȼ


2  ʥ֮ˮ
лǷŭݣлܺлЦ
˿˵лҳл̥֮⣬֮ˣΪ˽ʱ䣬ΪֹҲǳλͼļ
Ψһܹ۸ҲлôҲĹ̥ˡ
ҰҰлץлȭͷԼıǰе
лȭͷյĽġ
еԼȫȭͷ֮ˡ
ҰҰлܽ
ǿ벻̣
л޿̡
лܣлգʲôʱһĺһӰ˵ǰ
ں㷢кһź˵Ĺǣ˵Ư
Ůŵлܺл̵ԴǿǲŮ˼ҿǳλ߳硣
ֻ῿Ů˵Слᣬүôѵ㡣лܵŤͷŮЦ裬ⲻǺͰһ£ˡ
ι˵𡣡˫ͬСƵĺȵ
лڵ͵Ĵ壬ɲñΪ棬ֻҪҲܴлܺлλǰڰ֣ˣ裬ֲǲ֪쵰ʲôԡű裬Цôˣ
лǱʱ纮ⶳЦŵĵҾͲ𣿡˵˷ܵĵһϢġ
ʲôϢôˡлʵ
һλ·˵Ϊͽˡ˷ܵص
лλ˰
Цġ
ле
˷ܵͷ
Ȼоܲ˼飬ǿӣӦòм٣лＴɬֿģɬ뵽ԼǸΪ迪ġ
˭֪´½һŮӣ˳Ƶħ߲ʵħޣŮʮǰһǲμʮһĴ½һѽɨе֡
սķ֣´½ÿһط㼣һʮµĸ֣ʮ֮ʣﵽʥ
Сطģл
ʦ˵˴ҪѰһЩ׼ħġ輤˵ʦң˵˷ˣ̵ңھͶܴﵽ鼶أǳλ
л棬ܿͽΪڶඡ
˷ܵر¶ʧ֮ɫʹʦˣʦ˵ҹҲû취
֪лЦ϶ĵˣΪлǬΪл鿴飬Ǻصġ
˵䷵лҡ
ϵĶԺڡ
лĸлǬлҵϣ꣬壬лΪһлǬճлɨ壬ʹлҳΪΨһļģֻ֮Բûн峤֮λøͬĸĴ磬Ҳ峤л
Уһɵҩ㴫
лҲóڴϵĸлǬ˵ζӳ¡
뵽ĸţлǬΪʶ꣬˭ȴǰͻȻԲѡ
䣬лǬ糣죬ƫƫǻ˯ѡ
סлͬ˯ŵлǬ˵ζԼܹĻͿߵʵߴ½ѰҾ֮ˡ
ÿÿЩлľڳ鴤
ģ㲻ҲһҪޣҪܹЩִսĳ̶ȡ
⡭
ٵĽŲ洫
лͱ̧ͷһֻ峤лЩ㵸Ĵ˽˷ܵȫû峤ӡ
ˣ̫ˡл
󲮣㣿лֵĿлǴûлӣϾ峤Ҫϵġ
лɻǵ̴ʦ˵ľ㸸׵İ취𣿡
лͷǵð̴ʦ˵ҪѸףΨǴ˵еʥ֮ˮ
ûڸղҵõһϢʮһĴ½ĹھѾˣ֮һʥ֮ˮл
ʲô
лһӱ
ֱԼĶ䣬½ĹھپȻʥ֮ˮҪ֪ǿǿĶ֮һ
Բģմ½Ĺ涨Ϊֲһ㶼ǰھƷģҴӳõģζܹѹˡлص
δüˣлȴһ͸ˡ
Ϊ޷
ǵıǰ˵ΪʦģǵĹھڹϵ½һ˵šлЦ
趯СȭͷһŬģ
űǼᶨı飬лıˣ趼ԣΪʲôУҿˣ
˲˵У
˵Ҫõʥ֮ˮôлҰ迴лΪֶԼģתƻ
ѾͨлָֻɣҾͼ޸㡣
ã֤лЦ
߾Ķţˡת˳ȥſֻͷȥʦˡ
лЦһĺϢҪȥһҰɡ
Ҫ㸸˵л˵
лҲá뿪ˡ
лڴǰŸװݣĵףģһҪȡʥ֮ˮ˵뿪ǰȥɽ
лǬ֮ǰлҵĹͣ峤ĹϵлǬһֱ˾̺ģлҲڣ˶лǬΡ
ɽлǬ֮ǰĵط
лӵлҵ䳡ΨлǬʵ̫ǿлǿл磬һĳֶӰ˵ġ
ԴлǬԣɽҲˡ
лɽҲƲסѹֵ飬л䣬һҪΪ֣һ鼤һȭһһ״ϸĴ档
꣡

л̧ͷһɵˡ
һ״ϸĴȻһȭˡ


3  ˼֮仯
Ŀ۶ϵĴле㲻ţһ£ȷôȷˡ
ɼˣ޷϶
Ȼ壬Ҳ֪֮λлܶ򲻹Ҫ˵ܹɵĴһǰ
ͬнһ״ϸ
ǰлмһǴȷ֮ų֣Ҳûȫ񷽲ǰ㣬ֻһҡ
һȭ
أ
ǿôҵĻζ
žͿȭͷĵط֨֨죬Ȼٴδм۶ϣлԼ֣Щ
ôᣬô᣿лȵԸӣѵǸɫԲ򣿡
ϸ䡣
ڽ磬ȥɽ֮ǰѵʱԶԶﲻزɽڣΨһı仯ɫԲ
лֱð⡣
һɿϲ
Ǵ
лתһٽصʯǰ֮ǰǲܰᶯģҲƶһ¡
ڴɻ󣬻һ˿ġ
ȥǽٽصʯ飬һ
࡭
ʯȻƵĹ˳
лܹȥץסʯ飬һʯȻҸԾǣеʯúֻʮһ㣬Ȼе𾪡
𾪹лĵɫԲ򵽵׸Ҷ
Ĵ鿴
Χܹ֤Ҳֻһ齫߰ٶصľʯǱ߹ȥһ¡
Ȼɾ
л˫Ŀ˸˷ܵĹâȥһ
뵽л˷ܣЩģҪ֪˵лǬһλǰԼû͸лǬġ
λ˵ǳǿģлҲͼβ֪ΪǾȴѴ򿪣֪µ֤ǷлǬ޷򿪡
лҲ򲻿
ֻл仯֮ȻٴһΣǱлҵĶ
ľ󲿷ֵĸ߼лǬûģеɱãеǻԵãеǱ͵ġ
Ҳܶ
ضĳϿлҲû֮ǰл;ѡģǶѾϰˡ
붷лֱˮǰ
ڷľᡣ
лһţ˵һᣬǼľᣬﻹһŵġ
Ҫ֪ڿһ׵ġ
ʺ׵ἤ˵ȫԣ֮뵽½ĹھƷ뵽ɫԲԼı仯ǲһ£ʵڲģץסᣬһ
ž
һĨӾڱ
л𣬶ŵ⣬ֻǵֱ˫ۣͬʱؿһȣǵѸٵĻ۵ؿλá
űû˸о
лϲ
ɫԲ壬͸еȫ۵ؿλãǵı仯ٴ֤ɫԲ档
л򿪡
ʮ塣
ЩСһҲĴָϸɫģҪɺɫˣɼ̺ôĿ¡
ЩȴͳͳĻ۵ؿڡ
лҲչ˾ᡣ
֡
ͼĲïÿһĽܣÿһпֵܳ⣬ͳͳмء
ҡҪޡлץһһֵ˵
뻳У뿪˶
»صɽ
лٴչᡣ
֪չǾһͷų׵磬ұ֮ǰһ׵绹Ҫ
Ƕ۵ؿλá
ѵڵ׵籾Ǵһְ취ǵ֤Ƿܹлֹ
δⷽȥ˼ǲ
һ꣬лһ
ȻҪ׺䶥ѹ֣ѹֽл̾
׺εһɽɱ
׺䶥Ҳһٴε׺ʲôʣ
лӼᶨ֮ġ
ϱ״̬
ĳߵǷǳֻ̬ҪٲУٲ壬ڼ
ԵˮС
ĽܣˮǿʣҪԣ彩ӲҪ൱ԡ
ںɽҲһٲ
л˽ȥ
ٲܴҲˮĵһˮԴ֪֮лѹ·ȥ
ȥһɼ£⼤лɳǽȴѱٲˢĻǳһûվȣͨˮС
ˮ̫ˮ¶ͷҵѱһٶˡ
лϰٴȥ
ͨ
һˮ
лͿʼֹ۷ܡ


4  С
ķʱ䣬ٲվȣھﵽٲλãٲǿ͵ĳ
䡭
ٲͣϢĽ䡣
صĻлϣҵһҡΣıѾһƬɫ޷ܵı֡
֣
лҧأƴ֡
뵽ԵĸףӵļᶨѾҪи־ٴμͦ˫ȭȫ𣬵ֿǿĳ
䡭
ӡ
л͸е˫ȷᣬʹ̣ͷҲЩ͡
ѽ
һд
лŤͷȥֻһֻ޶ӵ̬
ħ޼ͼһ֣ǳλûʲôսûħֻצǿ
ֻ޵ĳ֣һֱڹлļ֡
ĵһγǰЩлոڻʯվȣٲĳտʼ޷ܣСһ֡
ħޣСʨС׻ôͣľȭͷӣʱЦлˤȥʱƣİޱֳԽԽḻ
лֲסʱ֡ӡı飬лЦǱСˣЦӦ£Сİ޾Ȼ˷ḻı飬ǰɰ֮
Сףһᡭ֡סлǿҪʹĸоҧ֣ǿֲĳ
Слֻḻİ֡
ѽСƲ죬бۣһҺܻɡı顣
ȻСˣ
лһ˿ɫƴؼ֣Ҳʮ꣬˵Ϊ̥䡢֮׳ĻԣһҪö࣬ǹӲľġ
Ϊɾڽʮ޷£Ȼڼ֣ʮû˿ĽչһҲ޷ֵģлĸԡ
䣡
֣֣ڼ֣
лжԼƵ˵л͸о顢͡ʹĸоȻڿٵʧ
һɷǳ΢ůĵ
ůǳϸСͺһ˿߰㣬ȴǿתӵ￪ʼתڡ
ѽ
СȻɴ۾л漴Сצסͣ±лְ㣬ָֻ֮ǰӡ

лƵĿ
Ȼ˶
ϲ֮£ٲ£ֱӽлٴˮУһαһٶ׵ĵطð
жˣлЦ
㵸ӣڵϣڴڵĴŴȻ˷ܵЦݡ
л˵ǺεȵңԶȴʵʵĳϣ䡢ʮơʹ˭֪
лһĨӨ
ףһɹģл𣬼ᶨص
侲л뵽һ⡣
أ
˵ΪлţϾģҲһܽ޷ԭҲԲǸտʼֱٲļ巨
ԭֻһɫԲ
еõɫԲ򣬴һʼ仯Ȼᣬ׵磬ھȻ˶
ɫԲ򵽵ʲô
л˺һҲûͷлǬΪԼ޷⣬˵Ⱥ顣
˵֪ʶ棬леֻḻĺʦƴ
ȴûйɫԲһݡ
ҩʦƵĵҩлҡҡͷҪ˵ҩʦȻȫ½ǳϡ٣ȴһĴڣǾǴ½ϷǳŮʦ̡
̸һֱΪлǬơ
ҲˣлҩʦһЩ˽⣬δ˵һֵҩܹ촽ԶΪϪ壬һɢȫһۼؿλã뵤ҩżز
˼ȥлҲûҵ𰸡
ѽѽСקקл·ԼСظһҺܶӡ
лһۣĵ֪Բȵġó׼õĸݸСף԰ɡ
ӹСƺлĻֱӽС
ˮļ̼ЩûӰ
ѽССצܲĽ
лСקʲôСİޣƥĻ
ˣҸˣƽϣȥץֻԡлС׿ɰĶ䣬һƬɽС
л뿪С⡣
ܿ죬лץֻ÷
֧üӣЩɲóӣ׼´½ĶʢУħȴֻħ޻ʹã޷ġ
ѽ
Сƿлһ

һĿȼ˸ɲ
ͨ
лһƨڵϣЩŵĿСףҪ𾪣Ϊǲħģͻʹצ˺ҧצһ㣬齫޴ħ޳ֻҰԴġ
ɴ˿ɼ޵
С׾Ȼ»
Ȼϵħ
лʹ۾ǵȷǻ𰡣һʱ䣬леһӡ
˶С׾Ȼħ
ѽС׵ĿлȻһлĿɿڴľٶСצһָǻ

һ紵ǻƽ
ϵħлɵˡ
СƲ죬ͷСצȭƣһСצǼ⣬һҺǿӡ
лС׵ģͻȻЦˡ
һҪ֪ħ޵ǻ۶Ǻ͵ȼйصģȻСײɡ
ǾֻһֿܣСǱƷ֣


5  
Сף㻹ʲôħлʵ
ССצͷǶл֮ǰϲĶһģһһת
һС׷·
лڴУͿССצһʯͷһ㡣
ಣ
һ֧ʯ顣
ˮϵħĽϵħл
Сצһץһ׵֡
ϵħ
Сһĵ棬Ϳһ̴ӵð
ϵħ
һָ߿գһɳ
ħ
һץһĺɫ֡
ڰħ
лܽӲĽгһһħ۾ֱˣСȻܹʹߴϵħ
Ҫ֪ħҲϵġ
󲿷ֵħ޶һħħĶϡУħĿƺֵħܹ䶯ħֻйżйأħĴδκμأСȴħ
ûģлʵ
Сҡҡͷ
ħͷųҿл˵ȻǱħޣӦһù
ѽСͷӣһô趯Сצ
žžž
һ׵Сצڷɳ
лɴ۾һڴҪɽ׵С׾Ͳǳλħˡ
䣡
׵дһ֦ɵġһֻĴָϸķ֧
Ƿ֧ı䡣
ڴֵ֦
ȡ
ԭڴл㱻ˮǺСĴָޱϵ˵ʵ
С¶һЦ
лºЦС׵ȷǱħޣֻǱӵħƺʵ˵ڣѹСÿζԲȵġ
ˣԶлרĵտá
СѧлĶһԣֱˮ
á̡͵ΣϢһһֻҺǾͽó˸ɾ
лĶƤˣҪԱˣҸûȥˡ
ѽ
СקסлĿȣĿ
ǿӣлһЦҡҡͷСױڼϣ߰ɣԺң֤ÿԺúȺá
ѽѽСվлϣ¶ӣ˵ѵֻ
лֵһСë׵СԴ
С׸߲ʮףͨѩףһ𣬺ëһ㣬ҳɰ̳˰ͨɱŮĵص㡣
ʮգȻ˶лѾȲҪϢ߻Եĸס
Ӻɽлңӭײлܺлˡ
ߺⲻлʮ첻棬һ㡣лЦݵӭȥⲻǰ𣿹лŲŰҲҰħ޵氡
лƳһۣгЧˣǰɣڸոӵж֮⡣
һƹˡ
˵лţôʲôҶֵܣܸøǵӰɡл˵
лճ٣ʲôһѣǻҪȥǮء
Ҳԣ챾үҪһΣˣǵлš衯ǮǣлܴЦ
԰лžǵǮ⡣лո¸Ц
лŭƳСŭĿӣһѻ𣬲Ҫ˿ţͷŵǵƨϡ
ѽ
С̽һСצһ趯ĸС֡
С׵ħһص㣬ǾʩչĿݣȫ˲һĸֱлܺлյƨɡ
뵽ᱻ͵Ϯοʵͺܵ͡
δǿӾͱȼˡ
ѽŻˣŻˡлܽе
˾˻
С׵ħϾܿͱˣ˵Ŀȴճ˼¶ƨɡ
ģ˭ɵģлŭ
ĸ˵ɵġлҲƨɣ
׺ݵĿӹлδͣħħеģǲħģǸû뵽Сõħ
ã
лЦС׷лҡ
뷿䣬̺лǬ˸ߣллǬĴǰץסлǬƣЩĵףжˣףѾӵжˣӵжˣ
лǬƽ
ףѾӵжˣһӱŬģҪڴ½ȡھҪʥ֮ˮѹлĵ
С¶һ˿֮ɫ
·ôһ㡣
ֱֻһûлѡ
ԵлǬ߶һ֮лվߵǽڴֽǽϵשóһᡣ
лǬʮǰΪлŪһսȭ
лǬΪ⶷˵ǾһԴûлģл޷ǽڱʮꡣ
˶ȭˣ
ҲԵģԵĶлԵضܹӳ˵ˮԵ޷ɹ
ȭԵġ
лǬԵģδлڳʱͱᶨסľԡ
˵ȭлǬתΪл׼ġ
лשԭλĿ
һͱȭסˣǰȭֱǺţﵽ˵һȭͬİ˵Ƿ
ʲôô氡
һĵڶͬʱһƢл̧ͷȥһʧ
һŮӣĶ˵ӣȥʩ죬ȴȻĸо
һźĵ˫۽Ǻü΢΢Щ·һɴ̺У˿ʱ򣬻Ϊۡ
̴ʦлѾԴŮѾ֪ٴΣÿζʧΪʵ̫ˣлɣһܵǧ
Ǵ½ϺպĴʦҩʦ̣


6  ȭ
ʮ꣬ƤӨ͸覣ȥҲǶʮ꣬ǴʦҩʦڱȻжصһףһҲʮĺۼ
Сһ￴ʲôأҿֽлеľ˹ȥ
Ҳ֪ٶȿ죬лʧԵʣлȻӦûüǾѾ̸ȥˡ
һֶл֪ˣֻʵʵ˵
ȭ̵ͺǺܶ˵һĨ𾪣Ǵ˵еİȭȻ
л̻˼ƺ˵ȭʵʦ֪ȭ𣿡
ֹ˵ֽ̽л漴ĵŶˣٴξ㣬׼Ҵʦн㣬ǵģ㲻°ҽˣһ±ء
ǴʦŶ͸ȭɣҿܶ飬ᵽȭȴûйڰȭлɱ˰۾ĸϽĿڡ
ȴ̾һлͷЩįĵˣȲЩˡ
ôƯһҲʮ˾ءлƨ
аָлıϵһ£㰡𡣡££ǰ㷢Ҫ˵ȭպգΪǧǰųǿµһֵİҶ崴޵ж
˻
лһ
ںܶжȭǶ԰ȭƳ磬ûᵽȭΪܾˣȴû뵽ȵ𾪡
Ҷ壬ǧǰһ֡
˽ֵĲǵһ֣޵֣ɨ˷޶֣ڶĹס
Ҷڶӡ
Ϊȫ½Ķаٷ֮ʮĶйػĶ
ϲо춷һĶûһҲаǧн뱻Ϊ˴ЩµĶ
ȭҶ괴ĶҲӦҶζʲôɣǾһľдžʮǰȭںɽ˷֣䶯ȫ½˵ĿⶼĸۣĸҲвٸȥģȭȴûټ˭Ҳ֪˶ˣǱٵˡɨһлеľᣬ벻Ȼ㸸׸õˣҲǣ㸸Ϊл׳רһֿտգרѼӦʩչֿտյõġ
ô֪ģлԾ
ֿտ֮лǬܣ峤лֻ֪л֪ΪľǷֹ鷳
΢΢һЦûлش𣬷ЦΪʲô㸸ףδϹ
ٺ٣Ҿϵ̫ˡлЦ
ͷûһлԴСΪ㸸ҵľˣ͵ϮΣͷǡ㸸׸ϵǷ͵Ϯ֮һָ߼Ҫȥȡģ˳־ҡ
лǿ϶̫̽ƯˣԲű͵ϮġƳһ̵ǰͦɽ壬ϸһգη޳ģǸ˾ͻ̲סҲ
أǷ·Ŵ˸ۡ
ͺ۵ģһлеĵһһȼȻǿҵķӦ
Ǹ㻹Ǹϵ鿴һ°ɡлϽתƻ⡣
̿һл˫֮䣬ЦСһ￴ˡ
⻰лβѣк峺ûʲô˼Űģͬʱеʧ䡣
̿ʼ鿴лǬ壬˵ȭȻֻһֶҶһľ۶ɵģҪһ򵥵飬㲻Ҫ⣬ɸκˣĻлҶ˶𡣡
ţ֪л
飬Ц㸸ûʲô仯ҸһЩҩ㰴ƽÿĨĵλã֤Ķš
л㡣лӹҩ
ʵлǬһֱûǻԣҶɢļЩһֱҩﱣǶɢͬʱо֮ġ
Ǻǣʲô˵ǱЦлͷת뿪ˡ
̣лٴоȭСĶˣŹرգ׽
л֮ǰδκζȴԺܶභЩ˽⣬һϸоͷ֣ȭһֶʵǼ֣ʮǿĶں϶ɵģҪǺѡ
ȭǰǣǴﵽ߼λ
ڸոӵжл˵൱ľ룬ȼΪм߼鼶ڼƼɷؼʺ缶ʥÿһȼΪλλλ
лڻδλ
ǶĲȴʮ㡣
ŰȭԭϢлٴγ߳ȥСףߣȥ
뿪䣬Ӱһ̵Ӱˡ
лĵСһﾹȻ˶㱻֣Ҷˣ˭漴ҡҡͷˣ׼͵ľɡ


7  һ
֪ȭΪȭлǬ˶ѪνǾһ
飬̼л
·֪ʲôƣ
ֻһԺ˸Ǿǡ
ΪףΪԼܷڼ࣬Ҫ֣ÿÿ͵ĳ̡
˿ޣת˲䣬һȥˡ
һʱڣлվ̡˶û˵Լ
һҪΪڶҲԿΪ
˷ǰʱ档
һգյͷ
ǼУлȻվǼͣȻ˫ƽ죬ǰƾٵơ
·ҪǼס
ʱлڵĶ֫ٺм۹ȥŹ̶·ţһһѭ𽥵ǿ
ѾۻܶĶӿͿǼķ·𱻷ֿһ㣬Ȼûг壬ΪһҳȥΧ׵ľڣγһյش
лڵ
Щͳͳع鵽λã㿴ǶڵڿʼתתԽԽļҲڵĶתһУԽԽԽԽ
л߼λı֡
һޣӲƾ׿Լ츳Ӳһֱﵽмλľ硣
Ǳлҵ֪»𾪵Ըӵġ
лΨһļɵĸֶлˣл¼лǬġ
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л߼λĶͿʼתγһ޴Удﵽٲˮ̶ıԵλá
ۿѾߡ
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һڼ䣬лڳԷʱҲоȭȭǳ£֮ǰͿʼо
ͨол֣ȭһֶʵں׵İԵıѣˮͣĻ񣬷ĿݣνԵصͳͳںУЩɫһ塣
˵һֶ˵Եʮֶĺá
ҪʹãҪ൱Ķܹ㣬ͼȼǾǸ߼λٵ͵ĻͻΪã塣
ٴοһȭ
лһڳһƣհȭ֮ʩչ
ӿ˫֮ϣ˫۽裬ͬʱлҲһķȻζš
ȭһʩչǾͬ߰㣬磬ƥһѹȸС
趯ǰߵʯҲ֮ҵ趯·䣬ĺХڲԶʯľ棬žž
лʱڿգʱת˫ۣ·裬У·һֻһ½Сɽײİ
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ħţϵħ
ڸ߼λħǿߡ
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лոͻƣҿȭ˷ܾûһħţ˹ָ
𣡣
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лƲƲ죬ʼ磬һĵӡ
˸ħţꡣ
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𣡡
񱩵ħţ档
βǺô򵥣ʹϵħ̡
ļޱȵĵͻ̷׷״ӵðҪл̴Ӷˣɱ
ˣ
л̧Ŷء
һɰԵޱȵľĽŵɢȥ
žžž
еĵͻͳͳ۶ϣһܹ
лЦĿħţָҡҡ˼ԲǾǡ㲻С
𣡡
ħţƵ
óĻǽսܹħԼޣɽʮ׸ߵľʯײ顣
л˫ĿһĨ⣬Ͻ˸ֱӺ˹ȥ
䣡
貵Ľۡ
лȻվ˿ٿħţųħޱ󷭹ȥ߰ס
Իʾ
лȥ岽ħţǰ
ոħţɴͷײҪȫǰײ

лȭȥ
޺Уħţҽˤڵأڷ
ѽѽС˷ܵһת˹ȥʼٵļɲ񣬶ѷħţԡ
лһۣΪСΪħţˣΪܳħţˡ
ǳԱ㣬һһСűãصлҵʱ򣬾ͿӢˬıŮſڵ
ʲôȥˡʵ


8  ʥ
һʱ䣬˶Ĵ࣬ƾСֿɰģŮͨɱӣСҲӡ̡
Щû裬лֱȻ˼֣ԭ㷢Ϊ̷ü͸һˬӢˣԵӢ˲һϮװŮװѾСͷеĸ硣
лһ
һһͷţл
Ц㰡֪ţǵĶװһͷţ
ҿ϶Уԡлһָֻֻʮ׸ߵСס
ѽ
С׽Сӡ
⶯ǵñЦֽСױڻУСҲܳһͷţҿһţ䣬㶼Բ¡
лƣҪ˵ԣұ֤СױܳԵħţ׶೤ֻһ㣬ĶС׸˸ɾĶӻûйΪֹлơ
ѽѽС׼費ţϾ͸ı˵һҺܶллƤԵӡ
ѸлĲץ
ðóǶǱ߿һҲĲ͹ݣǹȥ԰ɡЦ
ݺݵصһ̰ԵСףл裬ôôпգҼǵһ꣬ʮΣÿζǴʮӾߵİ
ΪҪףŶЦ֪һʱڣǴӳλмλ𰡣Ǳȵļ¼ҪŶ
лȻǷ
ͬһˣӳλλ˽ʱ䣬ȴֻһӳλﵽмλҪ֪ԽߣٶԽġ
˵˵
ʦ˵ҵۣĲȡĴھûпܵġ˷ܵصҰҸ㣬죬һ͸߼λħţһأ֪Һħţʱܵģɣʦ˵ء
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лС׶һۣǸոճһֻ
Ǳлɴɱġ
ţšлܲ˵ɱħţģԱ϶дģοѾ飬Ҳδ߱ˡ
ʦ˵ҪǴ꿪ʼ̵ҵĻҲڼأԺȫ˼ڽ̵ҵϣһҪɵڶ󡣡˷ܵػŷȭ
л٩ǲǿԳΪء
ʣеʡϷŪңôʰ㡣ȻʡȻһԶˣͨ죬±лʲôצľҪ֡
ҪС㶯֣ɱɡǰ洫
̧ͷһһƧС϶ûʲôˣǰһʮ߰ӣһλε˸Ϲĳֻ۾ѪɫĹâĶл
˺е죬лɵ˭
˹ӵ
лͱͬʱһ
ǰ˹лɫصĵ
˹ϵļһ鶯ɭĶлĵҰ˹ԭڵ֮һĸףǸĻ쵰ȻǼˣܵĿ죬ˣߺߣǸĻ쵰ϵѾ֮ãҾҪɱ㣬Ϊ屨ѩޡ
лЦǿЦǰ˹ΪҸδ飬Ҫû͵ϮлҪһлңôܱҸ壬ǼȡԹñˡ
Թñˣ˵úã˵úã˹гһΣһĨ⣬лҪҵУҲԹñˡЦǰһҪ㣬λĿĲɱ㣬леһӵܣͳͳɱѾɱˣǵĸлΪһиۣ
ܣסȻǰ
ԭлѾҪ֣һ仯е㷢ʶ飬ǱҲ֪
ѣ˹һЦӵն
һ
һĨ⻮ĺХԭյͷģȴ˸еޱȵĺ䣬ͬ׹֮ء
轿߳һóһѶֵ̽
꣡
Ƕֱ̽ӱնϡ
Сģл÷һץס裬һһģлĻУȴһ
ӹڵһ׵İۡ
л˹֮ǰ˹ʥס顭ʥ


9  ŭ
ˢ
˹ʥ𣬱ĵ˸ɫĺ⣬·һͲɫ
Ұ˹֮ʥ˹Ȼ˵лǬնɱˣ޷ǾҪʥϧûˣҲɥʥ֮£
Ҳеȼġ
һҶ֪ǾͨģƷģƷģʥʥԼߵġ
ȼԽߵıԽ
ıĵȴ޼ʥģҲǺܶ࣬ǣΨһʥǾʥ
Եģ
л۾˸ź⡣
סľԣǰѵԵģʥһģл֪ʲôͷ
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˵˹һ㶣ǱǶ֣Ҫ֮ͣʥ˹ɱ裬練ƣлȻˡ
ѵˣ
ԣܣһֱڰй۲죬ûһʱ䣬취ߣ˹Цϲûϲӵٴն
һһĨɫ
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ҪĶܹͬž˵Ĺ
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ٿлƮƮһ
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ķľҵԺзһܵͷһ˫Ķл
˹Ҳһ⣬ýһŵ棬ȥֱлʥȥ
Сģ軹Щĵľг
Ŀʥɭɭĺл˵ϲѿڵѵҪˡ
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лɱˣɲǱԣõİ취һеУ˰ȭѰʱ
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ͬһ˹ĿתŲ
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ɫγĵӰѾ϶л˶ʵͣԸӵ׺ݡ
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лֻǶͬʱҲڶʥƷͷ㣬۵ĵĳȣͣ⣬Ψһľǣʹ߲
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ۼ֣ܵ˹ЩżǣںܶǰѾлҵˣˣᱻ֡
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ȳɱеʱлȳɱеĻᣬһ;׵İȭػ˳ȥ
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һȭճһ޴ȭͷӰ
УǹӰƺһͷ͵ߡӰȭͷ̺Ű
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лǰʥ𣬡õ
ָһʥ̴棬쬵ģޱȡ
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лʥбָ񷣬ڳһӣǸ֡
꣡
еı̲סЦ˽лĻУ˷ܵˣ̫ˣ̫ˡ
Ľѷ㱧лֱĵģǰĦлţʱлǿҵԷӦ

豻Сͷһʱ߾ļг
ٺ٣ҲлЦ
ɫǡ边Ȼִһ£תˡ
ˣԺô졣лɲе
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ĽǿƳĶ鿴һ£һЩϧл濴ϡ
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лͷһӵжɲܴȥ˭лǬ¶ģû֣Ҫ֪ҲΣգл׷ȥͬʱȵСף˹ʬյ
ӵжٶȿǿľˡ
֮ʱȣҪȥ¿һҲ͹ݳԷߵĽνǺ˾ĵطûܿ׷ȥ
лգлһ۱ϳ˵ݡ
лܵ߹лա
лտлˣƴܡ
ܵô죬Ȼղɱ˹һĻѾˣлһ뵽ؼ
ûлտ϶Ϊ۸ܣ鷳ˡ
ͬʱһлͷ
طƫƧлôһôɺϵĿ˹ɱлԺһͷ
һȻһֱڿޣȴҲ֪зһЩ飬Ǿͬл˱ɱ˼лصҪҪġ
˷лգһ⡣
Щɱл֮ˣƺٵĺлܡлһìܡ
뷨ðлɱ
ֽʥ˳ȥ
ݣ
ʥһƷ
ƴӴܵлͷһŵðһʥ߻
һѪ۳֣ѪӿѪⷭת
лʹĲҽһ
һ˲䣬лԾ˹ȥһŽлղڵϡ
˵ΪʲôлץʥлյĲǰʵʥɢŵлֱ
ңҡлնͷĺˮֱ䡣
лǲǺ˹ϣıɱлЩֵܣ
ǡлռе
ˢ
лһ
⻮лյĲһѪۡ
㲻˵ھɱ㣬Ҳû֪Ҳᶷ˸ӲܻɵҵġлĵҪ˵ˣҿһ
˵ˣ㲻ɱңлղ
леһΣлŵĸϽ˵˵˵ҪǲɱңһǱ˭¶ġ
ϾлĸлǬ


10  侲
⻰лһ
˭лȵ
һɤͬףл죬Ҫ֪лպлܶڷϲһģ˵츳ʵޣȻǳλľ磬лĲһ㡣
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лл۱һĨ⣬ô֪ġ
ллܵĸףҲлҵĳϣлҩʦ֮һһҩʦлһģŸոţ㲻ҩʦ˵ллΪֹΨһҩʦ
ҩʦݣɾͲˡ
ҩʦְҵǳģڸ߹ְҵ´½ҲܻӭְҵȻлʵôǱϾлΨһҩʦλҲǼߵġ
ǣлһξƺ˵ġлս͵
˵лΪʲô¶лӿһŭлûбҪ˵ѡ
һֱȻлܶܲѺãл൱صģҲ֪лĸ׽лǬлܵĸ׽лζлҵǬл׳ϣڡ
û뵽Ȼлֵġ
ͬʱһֱֵ⣬õ˴𰸣Ǿûҵ֣˭뵽޾ȻԼˣԼʲôл϶֪ģлԺҲδڳֹ
ңҲ֪лܵʱû˵лղ
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ҩʦɲζֻƾˡĵҩжҩ˼л֪лƶҩ
ȥл鷳ȻҪĶҩ
Ҫȥ峤лĻлȴַˣллǬͬĸϵõó棬л峤Ҫǵлҡ
ֻһλҩʦлͬɱ
οлǬǻԡ
ҪΪױֻԼ֣
л뵽ҩʦ̣Ϊʦҩʦ̵ʵɲлܱȵģܴõָ㣬Ӧϣˡ
뵽л̵ֱס
ôųҶˡ߳ƫƧĵطͿ
εлеǹɱ岻ԾıڻˣҲӷŭ侲
滹кܶд
żж
Ҫ侲
һҪ侲óȻжлвϵľԼðյĻܻܿɱвɷۼ
ʮ䡢Ѿĥлޱȵĳ죬·ǳ侲ײ嶯ġ
ҿһˡлЦ߰ɣȥԷ͡
ҲŲأ˹״Ҷˣȥɣһ̫꣬ˡ
ãġлֻžܵԼƽҪǳ֮סԼ˫ۡ
˱ȥǵķ羰档
ĿʡšЦлսʤŭĻ棬ͨһЩ飬ȾлǬ֮
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ԼƵģǿ϶ǵõĳָ߼Ƿأ
ȵһԶӿлԴ
֮лһ˼·Ÿȥ̵סϣܴõһЩ𰸡
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СһôȤҰ̿ле㾪ȣ㸸ӦûŶ԰ɡ
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Ķ˵Цݣлһûʧ侲Щ£ֻǵĵ̽㣬㿴ܲܳΪҩʦ
ΪҩʦȻôͻȻôһ뷨ΪҴһɣ
ǰɡлЦ
̷еĶҪΪҩʦ߱ԣһǻԣڶľԣӦ֪ģ㱾Ȼӵľԣûлԣ㲻ܳΪҩʦ
ѵûбİ취𣿡лʵ
̳취С
û̫ϣлԴϲʲô취
Ϊҩʦǲܵģӵľԣҩ񡭡ָ˵


11  ҩָ
ҩָǴ˵һָ򶾣ʺνҩ񣬵һָĴҩָ𣿡лȵ
Ц㻹ǲѧŰҩָ֪
һпҩָǧǰһҩƵ췢״ģڵʱĶԿʱܣʮ꣬󴴳ҩָ붾ֻһָо綾ġл˵
˵һû̵ͷ
˿϶Ĵ𸴣лɻˡ
Ҫ֪ҩָǵҩκξ綾ָֻһ㣬ɻ⣬ֱ
ҩָȷڣ֪
ƺлɻЦҩָķֻҩָǳļѣǼ尾ǼֲʧܣָӴ˷ϵԡ
Ҫлᶨĵ
ȷҿҪ㣬˵ҩ񣬵ڣûеڶɹЩˣָѾˡĵ
ԺлǬӰ뵽лǬΪԼһȡȭΪԼ߱½ȡ޷⣬Ծ˿ͷлƽĵҪ
ƽ£̸оᶨƵġ
ðɣȻһҪѧұ̵
л̽㡣лϲҩָǾζſԱлΪϲҪҪСܰѳ͸̽лأ
ĿһɣָлĶͷûĵСӣռˣߣղſɫԣõ㣬ھȻҵϷˡ
ٺ٣ҲǸм𡣡л
ҪҩָĻǾǶԽĸлˡĵСӣҿٴ㣬ҩָɲôġ
лһɹģ
л˼֣Ҳ˵ʲôʼ׼ҩָıر衣
һСʱʰϡ
ҩָѹأһѹأŹأҪţ뾭ĺ濾Ǻεȵʹ࣬ɲһĻܱȵģڶѹأҲѵģǾ滨ݵռһ㣬ν֮Ϊ˭Ҳ֪Ҫٵ滨ݲҩָﵽ磬֪һڴ½϶Žǰļһҩָ֮ˣΪ޷ۼ㹻滨ݣδܴﵽ硣̽
л𣿽𣿡
ȻûҪͣڵͼҩʦĵز̰ȻһЦҵǼǳߵӰ𡣡
Ӱ𣿣лѿڽе
Ҳ֪ʵ
˵ͷлһ飬רŽģȻûеȼ֣֮ȴмģǿһһܹһСɽľջ٣ӰӦÿŽǰλƹӰ
˵㲩ѧţˡ
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ȻԽߵĵҩĵȼԽߣɹʲſܸһ㣬㸸֮ƣҪҪҵӰҪߡ˵
ǶҩӦǱ˸лˡ
ȻǱ˸ģôҲζлܿûУϾֶҩҪǳֲ𣬲ϸǸ߼л˻ὫĶҩóлġ
лһЩġ
ˣлĳϵҩָﵽʲô̶ܹԿлһ׳
֪л˼ЦĳϰҲŰɣ˵ûķӶٵÿҩָֻҪţɴ
ҩָţлʵ
ҩָһָָ꣬ɵɫǱˣﵽɫǾǽӽˣָɫǱǴﵽ̽͵ţҪÿһεĴƶҪǿһЩһعȥָͻᱻճɻҽȹĻҪռ滨ݣȡеҩ
лЦСβָ
ƲӣʲôսһΪַע⣬Сβָʶױע⵽
ȷʵ
ȷ
лĻش
Σ̲˵óҩݣҩˮеҩĨлָϡ
˿˿⴫леޱȵ֪ʵջֻһԭŵӦЩҩÿһĶ
ȵĨľ̵֮Ҫʼˡ
лҧأ΢һͷ
ǱȻǷǳʹġ
ָһһɫͬӰĻ״ָðͬһŮ衣
Ӱһ֣ʹ¶Ȼ
̻ؽӰлָ棬ҪֵܼĻһὫ𽥼Ӹ¶ȵġ
˵䣬̽Ӱһ͡
ӰմлָͿЩĨȥĵҩҩˮ֮Ķ̷̡죬һָͨٵת۰򣬽תţתؿڵλá
𣿡̽ʵڷĻԡ
лŹֵĿ̣ûо


12  Ȼǹ̥
ʲô˵ʲô̲
ȶľ˵飬Ѿĥ̤治ɫĵزл仰Ҳ
ŽǰλӰգȻûо
ʲôЦ
ûолףǸɫԲɵģֻξͲ֪ҩָʧܡ
ûоСӣɲҪӲš̵
лЦ㿴ǿ𣿡
㲻񣡡̵ɴǿţҲ٣

лֿڸˡ
ʲôûŮֿڰ̵۵ݺݵصŮֿڣҲΪ㣬̥ȻҵӰնûо̥һҪúоо
ðҪҪѹ·ϣлЦ
СӣռұˡȻӴӰ
ͬлû˿ĸо
ֻǸеһ˿˿ָؿλã񶼱ۼɫԲˡ
Щҩˮҩʼڻ뵽лָڡ
ЩδؿλõɫԲȥǴлָڣָƺһ˿
𽥼ӴӰϸ۲лһоûУ̲޸̾ϣΪڶҩָġ
ҩָǻиѵһ𣿡л
޷һֻ֣Ҫɹһأ㹻ʱȥɽ滨ݣ취ȥŪһЩƷкܴϣġ
лмл̽ˡ
ЦҪлңֵܹһҩָҲ˶ʷˣ˵γһΪ֮ء
˵Ц䣬ЩҩѾͳͳлָڡ
ˣ͵ΪֹɣɣסÿһһΡ̷Ը
Ҹ飬᲻Ӱ죿лʵ
ûУʲôУֻҪǸָС˵
ͺãлҪ

ĳлʵܲȴѾǸ߼λˣҪҩָƣҪ
ʵǹؼ
̣л㷵лңҪ˷֪ȺлǬޣǴ̼лƵ

ջصԺ峤л˽
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лɫǳѿ㻹ǵҸĹڼ˱ɱ֮𣿡
ǵáлһΪ£֪϶лйأɫ
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һɳ嶯Ҫлʵ顣
סˡ
֪Ҹ׺ĳʲôԹ𣿡л
ôͻȻлһ
лЦҲ˵ɣлһҺܲѺã˵ԴҸ׻ԣڿΪֵġ
лüͷ
лһо⣬͸ҰɣףܲôͿı۸ɡ
̾һлҲҰлǬԣҶչ˲ܣлǻ۸
Ҳֲл֣ܸмлչˣǿġ
Ҫ˵л㸸׵ĶԹǻΪ˹塣лУ뵱꣬㸸׺лνлҵĶһţһżߵҩʦ츳Ǳ໥֣ͬ׳лҵģΪַ
лĽл֪˹˷ֹһ𣬵ǰ˹ûҩʦ뽫ϢǿɲԼͷ֪Ҳ֪л֪Ϣȥˡ
ûҵлǬ֪˹ҪԸлңж֣Ϯɱ˹壬֪ڵ֮նɱɴллǬ
ҩʦְҵȽ⣬ҪΪ߼ҩʦʦʦ߱һǿƸ߼ҩҩһ𣬱ߣȴ㸸׸ˣлȻ㸸ףԴӴ˱δ˵һ仰㸸׵ʱ֪£ֻϢʱϻģʶǵûеֱ㸸׻ԣŷеĺ⣬㸸ѰҾ֮л˵
º⣿
ѰҾ֮
лалɣг֣СˣһҪΪԼΪۡ
ҿҲ˵ֵءл
ܣܡлš
лҪĻô죿
лҡҡͷһģлΨһҩʦ
лûʣл˼ѾףȻҲлΪлңֻܿԼˡ


13  ձԺ
֪лǬлԹĻ֤л֣л֮󣬾ܺƣȴȥ˯š
Լܵлӳĳ
뵽ÿÿлŸм̬ȥ
һжл޲ץ
Уйһ£ҾҪˡл˯С׽ѣߣȥл棡
߳ϱԺͷлѾ䱸ɭϡ
л߶۲һ£ֲǴһ䱸״̬˵Ҳǣ˹ɱĶһģѾ¶˹ʵ⣬޷һ⣬Ȼᵣɱ
׼ᣬлĳϱԺڡ
лֹһεҲ൱ϤĽµ⴦ԺĺԺ
лҩݵĵط
һһƢ
ݲݣɫ졣
ЩݵĺлӵסʱѾҹɫʣ֣סȴǵƹӰζ
ƾ⸸˵Ϥлһ۱㿴ллӡ
лĵǱ˹ȥ
ԾÿƬ濴ȥͬʱһĶ⡣
ž
лݺݵسлһơ
ˣ㾹Ȼ˹ᣬɱԼֵܡлѹ±ˣȴŭݣɱڡ
ҲܹҰ˭۸ңң˵ǷϲҪȻҲᡭлܻдʣǿл־ƸϽס졣
лɫڷⲽ
ӳܣлǽһʹ죬С״ſ£÷Ż׼ʱ֡
лô£л
ҾͲ֪ˣֻлȥ˹ϵ֪˹Ȼɱ϶лǰ׳˹лܵ
л𣬶лܣԼӻ飬ллģ˵Ļ
ף㣬ôҰлܱлĺֱð
ҡͷл鰡ҪҶӣھ㡣
лŵһ£ȴ㲻ǸֺлǬԲѡ
˵ʲôлȻǰһץסлܵ죬ô֪飬˵
лʱ˶䡣
ͼлץסл֣ףӰɱңֻģġ
лϵļһ鶯ȥ˵ݺݵһ˦֣лܸڵϣ飬׼õ֪Ļ
Ҳ˵ҾԲ˵лܽе
лȴе֡
ΪолȻҪɱлܵ뷨
ҪμǣǴȥ϶ĺܲңҸһʹ졣лɫĵ
ףѵлʵ
лߵûҲûʲôҩƳ̴ʦ޷ĶҩǱ˸ġһȥϢɣסӽ쿪ʼûҵ
лҪ䣬лݣֱͣԹԵĻط
Ż𣡡лΣȵ
Ѿ׼õСצĻζСצ
һʱ䣬С
ЩСȴǶľˡ
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ЩݲɲǼͱһȼȼ
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лһƳлӰŭһڿԾ
һѽС˳ȥֹ˿Ͼлӵа޵ģֻһˣͬʱҲףǱл׷ɱҪöĻĻΣˡ
һֳֻһ鲼סʥ
ʥɫ»һɫĵƿնȥ
ĺХУлոóһѳ
꣡
ϡ
лҲء
л˲ʹл޷׷ԾлıԺʧҹĻС
ֱȫ뿪лųһкա
ͬʱҲлս˽⣬ķϲ񣬼ʮˣҲǸ߼λѡ
ûҩʦݵĻлаƾʥͰȭԽɱˡ
лӷŭĺУҲһˬ졣
ȫ֮װտ⣬Ⱥ»ĳϵıԺܴлֵĻݸոһɶǽһʹ졣
ЩݶҩֱָӺԡ
ҩָҪǸ߼ƷҩݣЩǺͨġ
ǸӶ˸ҵţҩָضֳǶˣлﰵġ
ⷬйлŸеȫɡ
ǹѹֵڷй򷵻ԼıԺ뿪ԻԵлǬ˵ףѾ֪¶ˣ滨ݣҩָΪ㱨𣡡
ӣл㿪ʼ˷
ÿһǰȥҩָ֮⣬ںɽĿ޶ͷһֵ
Ǿ̵Ӱ


14  仯
ԭлסľԣʩչʱһ㶼Եص㣬һðȭ֮ԵĶôͽʾԵʾԡ
ȭԡ
һлʩչȭôͻʾĻԼȭ֮󣬻ԾͻÿҰ
ȻȭȽ⣬ԵĶںϵģлԶûдﵽӰȭȫĵزǰ̵ͨӰҩָȻ֣ӵ˻ԡ
֮˵ΪԲˮԹûлԣȻΪʩչʱȴԸоǶŻʣӰʡ
Ǿá
滹棬Ƽٻ١
СףڸӦһ¡лһ
ʥһĨ⣬˲һʯڣǾʯӦըѣɽܣͬʱ滹ַǳ΢յĺۼ
ѽѽСصͷʾȷлĺۼ
лʥЦˣѵΪ̽ҩָӵлԵĹвɣ
תһ룬л־÷˼
ⶫģҪ˵Ӱ죬Ǻ͸ĸϵ󣬻оŮӻڼһ˸ıԣ˵ûУлһмع飬ҪǳӵĶϡ
ȴΪɫԲӵеġ
͸лɫԲȤǵʲô
ֲ
ڵ׵硣

ðӰԣÿһ˷˼ģ˵ɫԲ泹׸ıлˡ
лˮ̶ԣֶ̽ˮһץ
ӿˮ۳һСˮģл򽫶Сˮڡ
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УûлĹʶȻУһ˿ȴС
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ѽС׵ɴ۾
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ӦӰĳ׶Ρлĵ
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лֽСˮ˳ȥ
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ȻȻԶûӰĳΣҲѾͨĻˡ
˹лһ뷨
жΪڵɫԲһĻǻʲô״ǷӰȿֲĳҪʰ·أ
ͷһлҲδȥ˼ϾǷǳϡеģܹһѾˡ
ʹȻܹ졣
л׵ģлһҪ֪ڴ˵֪ġ
Ȼת䱸Ŀ
һƳ˱衣
ʦһָԵŮӡ
лŤͷȥֻһŮվڱԱߣɫѩףһϮݲȾ˿ۣճŮߣ紵ȹƮɣһ˫ˮ١
ûпֳ⣬ȴ˲־ǧ֮ĵĮǴ½Ůӣ
ǰлʩ
Ȼһͷĸҹңʣоһʱ䣬ȴʼûнܷңģ
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ҲףҪŮţǱһ˵ùȥɣΨһŷľ
Ͼڴ½ϵҲǼأųǿ֮һ
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ô룬Ϊ֮⣬ʵ벻ʲôĵط˶лشȴһֹĸоǾûš
Ȼĵһͷҩָ
лһǰε֪ģ
СβָЩͬ˵һ٣бӰ𣡡
СβָֻǱСβָ΢һ㣬ϸĿУȻԵĲͬ
۲ϸġ
ҲˣĵӰ
ҵйذɣ̽ҩָ֪ΪʲôҵھȻӵһ˿ӰĳΡл
ĿⷺһĨĽ⣬ɨлһۡ
лĲܿƵġء˼¡
ǾǴ˵е֮ۡ
ⲻǺͫģǳǿܹͫһãӦʵڡ
֪񿴵ɫԲأ
лЩĵġ
Ľɫâлؿλ΢΢һ٣漴˹ȥƽ˵ʺЩ˼
һлϽı仰⣬Լʷǰ֪ʲộָ
ҪűأҿΣǰЩӣХɽһɽڷһ𣬻ȥ£ܷո


15  һ
Ҫˣл衣
δʲôƽƽֱӷٲ棬ͷ羰ȥˣƮƮɵӣͬɡ
˵
лһȣгһգһҪﵽ˾磡
ǲ֮顣
Ҫȥлʵ
ȥɽˮ̶ߣʦ˵ɽħ޳ûĸѵ֮Ծܿҵʵڴ½ȡúóɼ
ɽ´½ɽ
λþǻ̫Զֻʮ·̱ɵʶкܶӶû
ʵлҲǹˡ
ҪٵʵڼпޣȻǲʵʵģΨ˽֣ڼĻĥھԼǱ
Ҳˣл֮Ҳǰȥɽ⼸ÿһڴ½϶ȡεֵĵһѡпеĶ֣ʶҲǰȥ
Ҳðеĳ׿Խ̵űһܹȡھģҿü޸׼Ŷл٩
糺
Ƕ˵ĽģԵˣѾɬһһЦ˿
лҲˮ̶ߡ
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ˮеӰӳȤ
Ѿӵ𣿡ʵ
лЦôף㲻ǲҪӵǻԵģĻʦҲȥõХɽµģұûлԣӵӰĳΣӦԵɣʦŻ˵ȥһ¡
ţǴȥģʦħ裬߲ʵȥȡģΪ߲ʵӵеĻܸߣԶų⣬ܻãĻ𣬷߲ʵпٶȽء˵
԰Ҳֻȥѡлʼ磬ûʲô̫ϣܹӵӰĳΣʹùһЩѾˣʮı䡢Ѿԣˣʲô𣿡
ǵطס
ԭл
طףвǷǳͻ̵ӰҲżز࣬ǵطȴһصص㣬Ǿǳɳ
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һ֮󣬾䣬ǵطײͬڳ֮ȻгɳǱǱҽ
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ܰڣȥ
ȻΪޣͱ貢Ǿ棬һߣлǸеʧģ·ʧȥʲô
лٲˮ̶ɽ֡

Եù¼š
Ҹüӿжˣȥ߳һԼĵ·лĵʰ黳ʥʣСףߣȥǵطס
ѽ
С״ˮ̶ð
һһ뿪ɽֱХɽ
Хɽλǵϲ࣬ɽߣȴϲһɽɽľïħ޳û
лҲεХɽȴδֹطף˷Ǳʦͽ֪ǵط׵λãûϣҵҵǸ֮ľ򣬼֪λãлҲ˰ʱҵ
һͨɽ
һкܶȴû֪ɽھһл붴ڴԼʮ׵ĵطӽֲĵطһͻʯͷһš
֨֨
ͿǰǽԶŲơ
һء
ص˹˷⴦طӦǴɰɡл˵֮󣬾Ѿ϶ǵ˹˷ֵǴ
Ϊ˴ǲͬڷԲǧ֮ڵġ
Ҳ˵ХɽôХɽΧǧ֮ڣ޷ڶ𣬼γѾ뱸Ҳ޷ͣ˵õ߱ٵпٶγ
뵽лͻȻЦˡ
˹巢ʹлǬлңлǬǱл¶ȴǰ
ֻأϡ
л粽Уͬʱóʥ䱸СҲһȥ


16  Ыĳ
ͨΪĺۼ̨ҲһһȥʮףԽʧߣȻе⣬Ǹ¡
лԾ̾
ص㣬ȫκ¶ȣͨĴڡ
ʮ֮лɫȻˡ
÷ǳѿ
ѽ
СҲ䣬ëը۾ɵԲ档
ֻ·ʮ׵ĵطһǳĵطΧǽ϶յĺۼλãһȼţɻ濴ȥֻа׶ߣļɫ
ǵطס
ڵط׵Աߣȴһֻħڻȥһ˫۾̰Ĺâ취õطס
ħ޳ԼףͨڵëƤףǣһ˫ɫ۾˸ײеĹâһβصİڶעǣββ˾Ȼֲ棬ɹ״ȥβһ㡣
βЫޣлġ
ͬʱȴǿҵŭ
Եķŭ
βЫǺεħޣβЫǿ൱ɷħޣֵȼǣȥĸлǬܵС
βЫޣȻûи
ҺȻñǰʱ򣬿϶ǽβЫ޸ˣȴδնɱһ£ͨлأлβЫ޷Ž뿪ġ
Ϊʲôô
ͷлԺһ
룬ΪβЫѾ춯صɲĴ
ʵ£һŰģ

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ңԶſһ
ȭ
лպݺݵһȭ
ۼȫһȭӰȭͷγɣа״СǴ
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䣡
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𣡣
βЫŭɶȻһСſˣܹܡ
ŭβЫŭţƵ׷
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лȫĶԼֻһڳȥΨһϣûعرڡ
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ҵļѪлЩɵĴĿβЫɱûκζ
˻
βЫ޷Ѫ
ҲβЫ޽лԼ׵ʱл˫ĿȻһĨ⡣
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Ŀıʥ
Ϊʥ
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𣡣
βЫ޿ŭѡ
лƽǿһδ๦ƴڴȥ֮أֻҪȥǻˡ
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лˤڵ档
ˣ
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ܽʮĳʮʹ࣬ò׸ı֣ҵݺлǬ֣ȴ벻ףǵΪʲôҪɱ
Ϊʲô
뵽ƮȻɵľˣȴеޱȵĶģлձʮ۳


17  ˼
вʣȴ޼ƿʩ
лۿβЫɱײе˫ĿǷצľˡ
뵽Լ
лǿٴηҲҪɲǵѤùʣ־ܣΪл
ʮ꼷ѹĲһӱ
лһһеĻӶʥβЫ޵Ĳ׺ݵͱ˹ȥҪͬھ
𣡡
βЫһſڱҪ³һ档
ؼʱ̣ǱлһӳȥСͻأĳл˫ڵ۾ڱһĨɫĻ⡣
һŰ׻۾˸һ㡣
𡭡
βЫ޼ΣһĨ֮ɫڿлУӴҲ־ҵĲ
ǷĿ־塣
ôһ˲ľ壬βЫҲʧȥƽ⣬Ȼ£֣ʥѾݺݵĴĲͱȥԴð
ͨ
л·еˣȫһƨڵϣβЫǲĵ۾ԲţǰһС
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һкһ㡣
лԼĴһ£۵ģԼɱһֻβЫޡ
Сеİ׻Ҳ֮ʧ
ָֻ־ӣлĻУɪɪзѽĽһж޹һ㡣
ӣл侲
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лڵдһ̡֡
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лѹ£ǵطָֻлʱӣһŲ۵Ļ档

лһָ档


18  Ļ
ָոշȥл͸еؿڴһ˿⣬һϲϣ
ϲó˲һӣͱʧΪָһĨõĻӰ
Ӱ
ĳ֣ǵطΪֻ֮ӰĳΣǼʵ̫̫ˣܽǰĳڡ
۵طףȻҲ޷Ӱȡ
Ӱųˡ
ле㲻ģҵȻûʹãҲ̫˳ܲˣɴһֻ֡

ط׸ʢٴȥ
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湻ǿģղôԸβЫޡлյ˵
ʾ֮лڷˡ
ŵط׾ǰȴܵõлǽһơ
ѽСл̽ͷһ۵طס
԰Сףлû˵꣬С׾ĶӵһһܵûӰˡ
лεҡҡͷ
ط̫С׵ĵȼԵõ
ˣֻܷˡ
лվ׼뿪ȴڴӰһи˴˽𣬾ϲĽеҵˣ
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лһط׵Ҳ嵲ס˴˵Ŀ⡣
ˣҡү˿лݣѿڽе
лϸˣͨŶʮ䣬ݣɫе㷢ƣӪ
ҿе죬ǣл
Ǹ˵үǵ𣬵Ҫ㣬Ҿͱˡ

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л˵ҺлܴܣҲ㰡
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ԭĸĸڼǰ̲š
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ľԣǻľ˫ԣлϲ
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лЦ
룬ɱл֮󣬶л˵һʧϾҩʦһ̫ؼˡ
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үõ֮Ϊϱģҡĵ
㣡лĸļ򣬶һΪǸӸˣʲôɵģȻ߱ҩʦұΪӵҩʦһָطףˣ
Ÿط׸ǰ
طƺЩлһ㣬΢΢Щζ
ˣ֪ܻõط𣿡лʵ
֪ܶҩʦ顣˵óһöѪɫĵҩһƿҩˮԼϡŹֵĶЩҴ˹ߵǸӵлľԵҩʦ͵ġ
лĸļͷĳ뿪л֮һУΪΪĸױ
֪Ƿǳʹģ߳ɽ
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ĺʮӡ
䡭
һը
ضɽҡһ̵ζĸҲֵлڵһ˿ӰĳζӿǸ⡣

һžѪ˻֮һлعƽ
лϽɽ
ԶԶؾͿڵϣ廹ϵس鴤ţһ˿˿ĵطһһɢ
ʧˣ
лϽ˫ִһ˲䣬ؿλõɫԲȻ


19  ֮
һ˿˿⴫лδüϲǸоҵʧǻԳ鴤ĸҲ۾
ûˡл
־лʣ˵ڶû˸˵һЩĥ֮ˣΪǴ꿪ʼͿʼһ·
Ǵʱɵġ
ǰĸж֮࣬
ʺܲ뿪лҵ꣬ԺȲƼݣ£ջܼ
ɼ־֮ǿ
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ݣ
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лЦɹˣӵеط֮㽫ϣΪʷΰҩʦ
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ү
һϽܹȥ
лֹӲ鿴Լ壬ȴؿλãЩɫԲڻϪ۳һɫԲֻǴ˿̣Ӱ𣬻һưƺĻҲС
һưƺĻƺǵط׵ɫ
ĳβδų⣬Ǳ˴˽һ𣬷׷ɫԲɫĹС
漴˼һĻˡ


20  ͻ
ڣɫԲɫУͬ˱һ㣬Ȼںžžž
ɫԲҲ֮ת
лķɫԲת˿˿ٶȫһ㡣
ȵϴϣ㽫лĶ
еĶѹȻع鵤
л޷ǽпƣֱ仯л֮⣬û뵽ȻܹԼĿȨ
еĶع鵤
ЩҲ͸ȥ
л͸еԼĶƺڰĳһضĹڵζٶȴӻ죬γһĹģ
ٶȴﵽһģ֮лķ֣ĶȻ˵ļ󣬾Ȼ߼λҵĳ
ɣ
ɫԲлޱȡ
ܿ侲֮̾ͷڣǾɫԲתͺһҪ͵ģɫԲתȻӰ͵طαɫԲɫֵЧ
ںϡ
ĶҲǿ
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лεѡ˷
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ˣһϾͺá˵
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֮ǰ˵ҵʦˣ˵ƲƲ죬ҪΪо㸸֮ûʱ̵ȻձΪͽˣû뵽ǱǸŮˡ
˵̽ڴ½ϿǺƽƽģһһֱΪҩʦóءл޾ȵĵ
ЦΪҩʦһĳɾֻͣҪͻиǰҩʲô飬Ҫҳ֡˦һ㷢Ȼ֪ڽ꣬⣬սһһҹ
лʵʤΣ


21  ָɫ
ڴĿֵֶ̣ĶԾл˵żģЩڣûܹۿ
ֶԾܹġ
̵ĵƽ֡
ǣл׽еİȻսѾһôˡ
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л죬ҿ̽Ժ񲢲ϲǿʤҿӦĸʹȻŻоġ
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ͬʱҲˣΪʲôܹ˳ɾͣȻż˵ƫִҲνһġ
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ƫƫˣһ׼һ飬ǱȻǲݵģ̵ˣлܲˬǣҪɱôҪı뷨ǾԵĺܲʵ
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лȻһͻȻ뵽һҪ⣬֮ǰ߹Ĵڣɡ
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ֻҪ뿪ûʱ䣬߹˼ű裬ŻнβЫɱ뷨
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ʱ򣬸ʲô֣ͬɰķ˸̡
˭뵽һ̣¶֡
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߲ʵȼﵽߵҪǡϵ
ϵζٶȡ
ΪʲôҪԼ֣
лһҪĳ嶯ֱƾǸ߸ϣãصݣԲ޵ķʸ
һʲôԭ
ԭݣʦͽ֮飬Լֵģлȴ벻ʲôɱ
ϸĹ̡
һһ㣬ϸĻ䡣
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ֻС߲ʵ¶мһ˵ı飬ֻıʧļ죬Ҳûע⡣
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ʲôݣлҲֻмߵݲпʵߵʱ򣬾ͻħΪ顣
ɲνʿС˵ᵽʲôΪӢۣΪĽεģħ޾͸ԸǶħмԭ
Цݺܿ£òҪ֪ĺãĻлҴ֮ѵġ
עҪжԹġ
л̾һ˵ݵΪʲô˶Դǲ⡣
ϸǲʲôͼЦеĵ
ôܣҶ̽ͼġлɫԵ˵
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ľٶһЦ
лϽ˵Ҿϸ֦ˣҲҲˣٺ٣᲻ᱻΪСƾȹϵء
ҪתƻˣҶƷԻǷǳ˽ġЦˣҩָҵжϣֻҪߴΣָͻɵɫɹҪһѹˣ滨ݣ֪лҵҾȥɽժһЩ
̽㣬˵Ҹôлأлﰵ
ɽǿ֮أҪ滨ݼǷǳ֮ߵģںɽǾ͸ˡ
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Ҳ⡣
ƶӰ𣬴СβָָƶӰƶǵɫҲӡ
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̽㣬Ƿɹˣлϲ
Цŵ˵ͷóһСƿӽл
ʲôлʵ
ɫۡ˵ҩָŸոţԺɫ𽥼ģЩ֪ҩָڵ˿ǿ϶ֵġ
ҩָҪ滨ݣ󲿷ֶǶĲϣɹ˿ҩָûУҲŵġ
л֪ҩָҲΣյġ
Σڵġ
ˣҩָҪЩҩǿǿˣҲȥԼĳŵˣձǰȥɽѰ⡣óһƿӣǵҩЩҩܹ֤㸸һڶɢġ
лӹмĵл̽㡣
΢΢һЦҸʰˣҲȥɡ
̵߳סл׿εգĵǸóֵʱˣ


22  л
ҩָĳɹлûȥ뷨
Ҫˣ
ؼҵ;Ул˼ζ֣ƳлǰһսǴ֣Σȶлܶ֡
лܶ䳰ȻŭǱϾֵܣûҪɱлܾȻ˹клˣллҲɱѪ
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һǰһתֵֵĽֵ룬Ƨƶĵش
Ͱķᣬׯ԰洦ɼ
òȥ˹ɣΪЩ˻ţлһЦ٣ãҲõı֡
ԶԶأлͿлһΧķҪСԺ⣬лܽĿУȷû֮š
˭ԺڴһŮ˵
лܵҡ
Ժű򿪡
٣ˣūҶˡԺ߳һʮܷ꣬ɧŮˣлܣһ˫۾ʱŹ⣬
ٺ٣˰ɣлŮӱظһѡ
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лСԺ棬ȽС׷Žȥ۲졣
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лŵ⣬͵͵ȥ붯ֵģһŮǼɫ
Ȼһݣڿں
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СקקлĿȣʾԼҲ뿴
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лƺͷ
붺ŪС׵лһ˿аЦݣվлܷƵĺţײš
лҪһ˻֮ǰлȻȵлܣ
һɤҪб˵ҲͰˣƫƫлѧлյʱ˭ȥֱ

жȻӷڴ
˭˭ڽңлֵܾĽе
ŮҲŵץ·ϣֵĿܡ
Ҫ֪лѾˣ飬Ƕ֪ģⶸȻлաôܲ־塣
лܰлܣ˰ɣлһЦǰȻһƷš
۵
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лڷڡ
ʱлܺʹѾ·־Ĵ鿴ſķһУ־̧ͷȥ
ллܿˣһ漴һ
л΢΢һЦҡ
лķˣڶڻԼǷлǼٽлյһɤӸήˡ
ŭл׺ݵȥ
л̧һ߳
أ
лܱһߵڵϷ˼ǳλ磬лǸ߼λ˫һ棬̫ˡ
ҡлǷˣûпǣлΪʲôܹٴȥ
лһơ
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㣬ɱ˹лܾе
Ҳɱ˹ɱ˿³صа˹Ҳлգл

ǴһУһ̱ڵϡ
лܳɵˡ


23  ֤
𺳵飬л֪Լˡ
֪ǿлҲǲܵģΪԼƽʱԴл̬ȣﲻ˹ɱлЩֵܵ飬лҲܷŹġ
л㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣɱңҲˡлܽе
лһЦǲΪ㸸лΪ㱨𣿺Ǻǣлܰлܣ˵ʲôأ޴ĿԣҼȻҶ֣ȻжԸлİ취ңҲָɵ
ƾ㣿Ҹ׿ҩʦлܸš
ллȤ
лţЦĵ˵̴ʦأлأ
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ǾͶˣЩӣһֱڸ̴ʦ̴ʦңҵѾ޾лĶлСβָζһ¡
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ȥЩһЩҡżȻȫǶᡣ
Щż鿴
ȻǺ˹һοлļƻֻǼƻδлһţǹڿ޵ġ
ݾǿްʦһеϰµĲʺ缶֡
ʺ缶ȸ׵ļҪߣѹˡлеż֮󣬷һ
ڵֲ࣬ȴмл֪лҲҵһЩˡ
л֪Ϊʲôô̹ףﶼм¼ǲ˵ҲͨЩż֪ġ
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Щ֤ݣ
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ž
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лһһĶ
һˡ
Ϊױն
һԭʼǳд⶷лĿ𲻵ͣԭʼѾΪȵϵˡ


24  ɱ
лסľԣԣӵǿĶȭʮģԺľԵĶлҲв٣ܹģȴûһ
ױնŨȤ
ͬרΪʥ׼һ㡣
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ֱȴӻתױնԼĿռָڡ
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Ȼŷлҡ
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25  

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˭֪л޷ЩĶûжôɱӵжлգ
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Цл
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26  в
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˫΢лֵһŵ棬ͬŵڵȥ˫ȭ̺棬ͬȼһ档
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27  ɱ
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28  뺷СŮ
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30  ᱦ
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Ҫ׷ɱȴΣˣɶµľ񰡣һԥ֮䣬лѾܵûӰˡ
ֻܽŭйħϡ
ӳл׼һ򣬾ֱȥǧףһСɽͣ鿴ܣȷû֮óǸľӡ


31  涷
ľϦɢŵĹâͼҲԵûֵģֻһЩɫɫʹͼòǺƯ
ľмһ£ʲô֮
лץסľеǸʯ
УͷųΣлһӡУٺҲϵģȴ
ôӲлֹţȥľС
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ˢ
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Уʥ
ʯһǳǳԵСڡ
л֮࣬ȫȥվӶʥʯնʮ¡
ʯʮ˵֮󣬲Ӧء
ʯĶӦǺöɣлĵȥƿľУָľУ룬˻Ķʥĵ⽫ľеĺиǸ
ಡ
ľиձƿһŶ̼
̼еĵطһƬɫеӲ֮Ķͳͳıʴ涼ʴˣ澹Ȼо綾
Ǿ綾л뵽ħޡ
ƺ綾ħ޵Ķƣѵħľжӵжģлҡҡͷԣ޹ؽҪҲȥġ
ȷް֮лſľڡ
Ŀռ䲻ƽİڷһᣬлʥ⣬ץסᡣ
򿪾ᡣ
ӳľּлĿǰ棬һС֣
лȻ
ƣǵһ˵
ȻԵģǾʺԣлסľһ壬žᣬڵϣĶ
ⲻҪһ֮£ʱ۷Ź⡣
ȻǿڵǱе涷лԲЩŵ˵
ɹΣˣ͵Ϯɱ֮ѡ˿ߣǱУ˭
лЦֱ
޵ô˷лĺô
ȥ֪˶ǰһλԵŸħܹڵǱеħɫģδʩչ˰㣬ǰղ˵δлǵһʹô˶֮ˣͬһŵ㣡
û֪˭зأ
˭뵽˿ڵǱأ
ϵݣлһƽϢǼ飬أҪҪĶһǵĲݣһԡ
лӵС
ǵĲݲʲôصĶںɽ˵洦ɼ;оռһЩȥҩָյģмꡣ
лһָ۷״̬ʱҵ֦ң㿪ʼ
ݾмأ޵ĽӽֽӽҪõĲݣϱ˺ǿԣӣһ˵Ϣ޵ĽӽأӶΪһ塣
ȻǽԼ¡
лڳһؿӣȻóĲݣһƬҶУһڣлһ³
ĲݾȻȻ
һֺֻݺݵԼĴȣĵʹֿ޷ĵĲݣлɣǷΪʷϵһĲݸˡ
ֱ¹죬лǿĲݳȥ
ȻڵؿڣС׽Լ
С׵Ķ졣
л͸еܲлҪöеֿѹͬʱ֮ȥܴأΪһ塣
ʱһһĹȥ
һ죬죬졭
Դʼлվ󲿷ֶڵ£ȥʹعͨȥ
ĲݵЧҲֳ
ԭֻǸеƵлڵ죬ڸоǿ˺޲һͷײĵĲݷһĨɫΣλŵĲݹγɣл͸еƺ֮ͨϵ
ָоǳ΢
ʱʧлȫĵȥ
ģһ˿δйоء·بűڵϢͬݵЩͳͳĻ۵һ㣬оʮֵǿҡ
лһϲݵģعͨı֡
ĬǾмصģܹͷңʹݵķţתеĶؽӴڡ
Դлû뿪¡
Ҳ֪
ô
ֱھ졣
л·Ϊһ㣬ΪСɽȵһ֣˫ĿһĨ⣬һϵ𵭵ɫĹâɫǳƣӰôƾյʧˡ
漴׿һСϪԡ
ɹˣлƲסеĿϲЦת֮һǰȥ
ڿ׸ߣ֮󣬽Ŵ棬̱ͬΪһ㣬ؾļƵģһ̤ڵϣǵͺˮһ㣬С
˱¡
Ҫһ£ڵܹӵĳ̶ȣ䣬֮ڵ³ͨǰС
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ܿ죬лĸоֻôӵðͷһ룬Ȼʮ׵ľ롣
˵л֮ǰ뷨Щľ룬ҲǳˣϾ֧Ƕڵʵ޵ġ

лЦٴû¡
ʱѾʮ׵ĵط
̼Сɽڸطðأ磬ûκε谭µʯҲ޷赲ĴԽ
أ
УлһݽײˮУȫʪܵĴСϪԳĵܶˮ


32  Сħ
л·ٴ˶˵ۣ֮ͬȱ㡣
ˮȣ޷Խ
ֻʯдԽ
飬ȷ֮л㿪ʼŽױնȭֶнϡ
ֶҪΪ
ͬĶδֶĽĵĶǹؼлСɽִա
ЩӣֹɱֱںϣЧνԣȡĳ䲻⣬ֹɱĿ񱩰Եں֮νǴ
֮л뿪Сɽȡ
ȥ
Сɽϣ򣬶޺ŽŭͲʵĽ
ôеϤءлĵ
Դȥ
ֻǿı뺷СŮǱӴܣʱСŮû֮ǰӣϵּط¶ӨļЩط˿ڣѪͷɢĲϻӽ󹥻
Ǻһֻرܡ
ֻرܻڣʵǺǿȴҲ൱ڸ߼λĸ֣ϵشţѪ׷ᡣ
ιŮҪҪæлվڸϣ
Ҫ
ȫ˼СŮѿڶǸһڣ͸оôЩϤ˽ŵʱ̣ȻѯҪҪæⲻѿӷƨһѵСŮݻӢ۾
㣡СŮ̧ͷȥһ䡣
лӻ֣ЦŮðǿԵְôּˡƳһ۴رܣħʵ
ɫǣСŮҲҪɫȡСŮݺݵص
̾лεĵûӢ۾ˣΪʹرܽĵãֻиˡתߡ
𣡡
رܷһŭ׷ĸˡ
ĿڳСŮŵˣ㱻ˣ뵽þСŮҪرܳԵŵĴ˸
ιȵȣȵȡСŮе
СӵлһתŮкηԸ
СŮл죬޲ýͷǺĴر׷̫ˣֻѹеķ߷߲ƽߵҡ
˾̬ȣлü
СŮ뵽л壬΢죬ˣСŮҸиˣȢ㣬˰ɡ
лһ
ˡ
رܷ汻ҵĲѣһЩʯ鶼飬ЩľҲ䵹
СŮǱĵˡ
ְɫǣСŮģԺȢ㣬㵱СŮ󹬵˰ɡСŮµ
лһƨڵϡ
СŮ̫뺷˵ɣȻһĺ󹬡
ҡҡͷСŮı뺷ˣһأֱӴСɽȥǿҰĴرܾһȭ
𣡡
رһŭ׺ݵҹȥ
͵ħޣӵһϵħóĻ˹ײȥ
أ
ײлеȥ
رҲˣײ߰˿ôһƨڵϣ˸Ǵ̼ѪԣҰĴţٴɱȥ
֣ܶԱܣʰСŮе
лŤͷһۡ
󣬿Ӣ۴սܡСŮٺЦ
ԱŭĴرܣлҲʩչ˿ֲĶȭ
һȭ
޴ȭͷӰɳһֻҪƿǶİȻδȴпƥơ
䣡
׶ߵĴرܶʱһȭõɳȥҽУǰһѪɫȭӡӴȻأûϢ
֮ɱر뺷СŮһ
ôû뵽ǰ׷ɱܵӾȻ˿ֲ
¡лƣҲˡ
УСŮе
лΪʲôУ
ǲУ˱СŮĺС׻һ۾һҲôˡСŮ
л۾Ǻڵĺòá
Ҳܣ㲻ߡСŮ˫ƽ죬סлȥ·
ʲôл˫۱أʵ߹СŮҩָˣ
ʵҵҪҲѡСŮĸĦеֻҪһС
ҪҲͬءл
ˢ
СŮ˵л˫֮ȥ
˵
лˡ
ûͬȽϺáСŮٺЦ
СѾͷɫ㻹ˣлЦĵСѾͷһ㣬ֻƺвҵĺŶҵֻƳһۣڿлϸоġ
¶аĿⶢСŮĽ

СŮȻ΢䣬һȥ˫ֱأһ־Ŀл죬㣬㡭
ĿȻˮת
ӾͺлƵһٱƵġ
ŻŻл״У˫֣ͣˣ˵ɣʲô¡
Ҿ֪ǹŻҵġ֪СŮתΪϲаίӡ
мˣ
лֹСѾͷǽթ
ι˰˵ԼӢۣѵСŮֻǶ㣬ˣӢ۵Ҳ̫С˰ɣˣŮӢ۰æˣ˭⻹СءСŮ̾
Ůʵǡħһ
ô˵ԼҪǲǾǺûˣҪҪĵˣҪŰæ
лҧгݵӣСŮЦСŮ֪ǴӢۣСŮһʶһСŮæġ
ǿһǸħл
ŮôƯôɰô崿Ķħ𣿡СŮʵ
лŮ˻ǡ
ƽϵлðɣҰ㣬Ǳܼ飬֮Ҹɣ
ɣǴӢۣýһò绨ľСŮ׶ħ޳ûĵط𣿡
ٽ㻤ͼļˣ
˶СŮգô鰡ΪӢۣѵͲеʾ𣿡
ѵбСŮڣܿ𣿡
㲻Ҹ𣿡
㲻ܡ
ͣ
лıˣƤģûôҪģһŮˣҳŮƫƫħһ
СŮڵʱ䣬л˵Ұʲô
ҲûʲôǰҵõϾˮѡСŮ


33  Ӽ˱ر֮ϼƷ
Ͼˮ
лΪ֮Ͼˮںܶ鼮жͬһ㣬ˮҲˮ
ϾˮǺˮ
ˣ˿ѷɫЩӴµһǣϾˮӵˮԶܹ֮УˮԶ屶ֹ˵ֲ֮
ɨһСŮл㿴СŮˮԵģûԣܵһԣȫԽϾˮ
㲻Ͼˮл
ûˮԣľһġСŮ۷һĨ⡣
СŮı仯лӵʵۣ֮
ûСŮͷĵ漴кƵĵҾˣ˳ò绨϶һ˫ľСŮֻһԣôأϹˡ
СѾͷлֹ
߰ɣȥϾˮл˵
ʵϾˮҲ˵ûһ뷨Ӱ͵طףͬûлԣԵõǵõˣĳϳɾ˺ɫ磬˭ָ˵һ޷õϾˮأ
ϾɫԲ̫أ̫棬Գ֮
ιʲô
飬硣
磿
ඡ
ռСŮıˣܣ
һǰһգۼʧǴرܵʬǰҲûע⵽ǵٶȣСȴλƵţÿһʹԭʧٳʱǵͬлһ㣬ޱȡ
ƹɽ
ǰһƬ֣лûˮСѾͷ˵Ͼˮ
ǰ棬쵽ˡ˷ָֺܵ󷽣ûԽɽӦõˡ
л̧ͷһǿһɽԽȥҲҪСʱĹ򣬵Ҳеڴ֪ɫԲܷٴδء
ĺڴ
ɫԲҪоĶȺ飬Ҳû˿ĹⷽĶ
˼Улеȱקһ£ͷһͼСָ࣬лŤͷȥǰһƬС̸֣
δ˵ʲôӰ
һԴҰУǹͷ
Сӱܣ̧ͷлʱ˿̸ʮˣлеѰ߰ˡ
⣡
лȻ
֪鼶λľ磬Ȼûʽ֣ǶԿһУĳױնδܶв֪
߻һ
ܶѡ
ಣ
лߣֱڿԾ𣬿лסǵȥ·ٵɢγɴΧȦȻС
ʲôһȺʲô뺷СŮʱŭ˫ָԴԴ㣬ùȻСŮšԴ
ߺߡ
ֱߺߣ˫Ŀ˸ɭĺ⣬СŮˣӵţɵСӣ㡣
лһһóһСƿӣ֪ʲô𣿡СƿӾڸ߿գҺרԸɫǵġ
û˵Ц
Ҿ͸㣬;ɡлٺЦⶫֻҪһΣͻȥӤСβָĵزаЦɨ˵ɲ
⼫ȴҲĵһ
˸Ǹе쬵ġ
ΨĿһǿЦ⣬ǵԸлҲֵĶ˰԰ˬľС
Զ޷ⷽĵġ
ԣ֪ٷ־ʮŵĿǼٵģҲȥһ¡
֪ǱСŮѴаʦŪģаʦԣһ˰ʮ־綾аһ֡ҡͷԵĵνǾӼ˱ر֮ϼƷ
аʦͼ³˾
ȥܱ治ɫ˶ǵ
˭˲֪аʦͼ³Ŀ£ǿһҩʦĳڣλаʦͼ³ĸսʵҲǽڸ߼鼶֮䣬һ綾ּҲǶԶԶء
аʦͼ³ʲô˶ܼģ㾹Ȼܹ˵õֶҩô϶һ˰ɣ۾˵
ǵȻСŮأȻ
أ޵۹֮һؼң
˫۱أ㻹еʶ
Ҳ޵۹أΪΨһл֮ˣлȻҲ֪ؼңǿ޵۹ǿļ֮һԶлСܱȵģɵƳһ
Ӧǻ˵İɡ
ؼ֮ˣؼ֮ˡĵȻ䣬һ֣ӵն
ͻأĳУ˸δ뵽
лĽеСƿ˳ȥ
ǵӹСƿըѣһһץס֮ˣǰһƣƿڵҺڴϡ

˷һļС
ȵûб仯
˸Ͻ⿪ͷһû£û£û¡
ʱлѾóһƿӣۼˣҲסˣû뵽ļһȻգȻҪ̽ǷҺ
ؼ֮ˣߣҪؼ֮ˣѵûһָ汣ǳЦ
ߣлһץסĸ첲һ˦
ͬзһ㣬лһӸӳȥʮףҪ֪лΪɫԲѾﵽ̬ĵز
һ£һӦ죬һԾٳȥʮףԽΧȦڵһô֮ϡ
ɱ
ȵжʮСΧȦӵɱȥ
ɭĳлһЦҲ÷ӷ˰ɡ


34  
лԣǾ͵Ϯ˵϶
Ȼʵֻ̫ʹƶʮ׵ľ룬Ƕ֪˵˷ʤġ
ƵɱлֻһЦ
ǳЯ֮ƣɱڵƺҪƵģлֻһ档
Ӱƾʧ
أ
һգ˲㱻Ǵſĳǰȥһ˲ʧΣէ֡
Сģ
Сı󣡡
ΧЩȴǿлͬȰıһͬƵġ
ǴϹսҲ㾪г
۾ϸȥ
лıðʥ˸ųɫĵ⣬һ־Ǳɱױն
ԴǿĵˣԲһһʽ
־ɱС
ؽ価ɱǡ
粻ƣ֮СǵĺѣþսҲû룬һǰȥǹɾ˳ǰһܡ

һĺ󱳣ƣȻʥδƤǵȴƤһѪۡ
վΣͷֱð亹
Сģ
࣬ų
ǲСٴξԴ˵һӣ۽Ƴлٴδӵð
ĵ𾪴̼ƵĲлһնɨһݺݵնл䡣
ҪҪɱл״üͷһ壬նɱĻȻҲᱻɱ
лԺԳĸףεһˡ
ͬһ㣬׺ݵɱȥ߹ߴΣºƴ
׺ݵһһն
ѩƬ
лֻóֿɲǼǼʮӲƴ˵ʵߵҲֳ
鼶λлǿ᲻ֹһ㣬Ƕл˫۷飬ٴεֵһ֮һţٴʧ
һΣȴûôš
СĽ䱸
󣡡
ЩСһע⣬ӦǼģһɨһ̺ż
ȭ
лҲɱŭЩСܣڵһеʱشڶоܽ
ƫƫڲС
һȭػһʦҶ꼯ǧһ޵жԵĳ

лһȭػĳ֮ϡ
ͬʱһл岽ҲòܵĲǿסΣлһأٴʧ
һΣûйɱЩ¡
ۣ
һ
նɱŽеģȻͬȺһɱˣʵ׷ɱЩˣʵûʲô
ȭȭɱˡ
ͨ죬ҲǶٶˣ֮ǰΪͼȥһˣʣ಻һˣ˱ɱԺ㡣
ųɱȥ
л棬һݳʮףӵɱˣв˰㣬̼նɱʮˡ
ŭۼ׷ϣһŤͷǴ¾̴ȵŮˡ
һҲл㡣
֮£ֻ÷׷ɱˡ
ιͷҪҪһ˾ȻԱСŮ֡ŭӦЩеѡ
˿̵գҪ֪ƽʱͶˡ
һֱ츳Ǻܾ˵ģ̫͵ʵܵ͡
лʹı֣ʥԴݺݵȥγٶȸ졣
󣡡
Сѡ
Ҳ׼һŤбųȥһ׶࣬նлĲ
лֻø̾ǿԸǿҲû취ҪǾ޷صˡ
ϾĶ̫ͣԶûдﵽӵ¶ݳĵز
УлɵһЦ
ɲƽʹõģҪĶģлڷ֣ǼȥȻռϷ磬һľ޴󣬺롣
ȫһȻһתնڵǿôߣ
ҲƼˮ꣬ȴĬһնڿԾԶȥ
Ǵлһնϡ
ģµ˷׷׵ľһңлȥϣȾܡ
׷
ŹȻᣬ˵ģлûܷģһҪõ
ųں׷ȥ
ʮ˸
ȫ׷
лܵü죬ȴʵޣֲǷԵģٶȷ沢ûʲôƣں档
ұ㣡лεһѽ
һܣٶȻή
˫ľС
ֵǣһ֮ڿԾ
ǰȥѰĸ߼λмλĸֳ֯һܣ棬
ಣ
֮
ˣͬŵڵֱȥʮףմﵽлϿգһնȥ
лţͷһεĽݶʱһƬɷףŵüе
һɤ֮ϸ̶֮֮Ӳڸ߿һζ׹ȥ
ˡ
лĶֱʧˡ
һ˲䣬һˡ
ಣ
лûͣбȥ㿪Ĺͬʱаתǰȥ
ǰȭ
ȫһεǿᣬлȫֵҲſѪ˺ɳȥʮףȫһʹ
ţˡ
ʺлأһ䡣
СŮҲˡʧĿңϧûħޣȻĻƾ豾СŮħսء
ħޣлһ뵽һ취Сף
ѽ
ϤһӰл֮ϡ


35  軵軵

С׵ͻأһ
֮ǰлûС׵Ĵڣ֮СڵһطӲݴһ꣬˭Ҳ֣ʶҲδע⵽
ޣϲĵ
Сǿɰӣ̼˫Ͷ¶İģ־ͽС׸
ħޣлʵ
Ѱħ޷棬Ȼħס
ħ޶Ƿǳģǵͼħޣڴʳײ㣬Ϊ棬Ҳľ衣
СһָǰԼһٶ׵һɽѽѽ
л֪ǸɽӦħ޵Ĵڡ
ȫǰ
ɲǼɽҲʱʮ׵ľ룬ֱ̣߳׷ľ͸ˣľٴ
ಣ
л߿ա
״ȻŹֻᣬڿУܹɷģʱ򣬲۶ܵ൱ơ
һȺٴ𶯶
ױն
лʥһĨɫĵ⣬ɽݺݵȥ
ŶˣʥΪ壬лȫʩչ˵Ǻš
һɫĵɽڡ
𣡡
ɽڵħ޿̣һŭֱ˳һɿϯֱӽлĳױն˺ˡ
лһһֻǳֲħޡ
ˣҲףΪʲô⸽ûħ޳ûˣΪֻǿħ޵أħ޸̤˵ء
ħ޵عǳµġ
лһ˲䣬ȻڿеתϷȥЩ׷ʩչĸɫһԶǿֲħޡ
˶ĸֺǿֲлĹҪ£Դݿ֮ƣǰе谭ͳͳĻ
𣡣
ħ޿ŭȫһɾ˵
һӿϯΧһУǽЩУ¡¡ıը
һУЩˡ
ħޣסʨףۣβ䳤ħзǳǿһħһ޶
īޣ
ֻħޣʱһֵĽ
лҲһ
ī޿൱鼶λĸ֣ʵǿа޵Уϵħˡ
ǿĴڡ

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36  ջ
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37  ʵ
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붷ഥ֮ʱС
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ôһ˵лҲ̾
ӵΪʲôǿ
ԭ򰡡
ΪӴ󣬼еҩʦȻкܶ࣬оǵҩָ߼ҩʵĶЩиԵģǸ߼ģ뵣ģ˲ţԽ࣬ԺĶᵤҩȵȣȻ
츳ֻҪﵽ߼磬Ժõҩôٶȿ±˼ҿ޻Ҫöࡣ
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УƾСŮ֮ˣʱ϶뵽취ˡ˵
лЦЦҪȥȡϾˮ֮ǰҪ鷳а
˳Ŀ⿴ȥֻʮˣͬѪħһĶǣϵļ⻹ڲ
ˣһϲҲòôǰɣֵ



38  
ٴлѾ֮ǰӣʮ㣬粽ǰȻˡ
ʵĵΪ֮һ䡣
ҰΧлȻɵ֣ҪĿľҪ˽лΧлǸλó֣ͨЩС֪ܹλڲܵز
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ųǰ
ī޷׷ɱѾǶл֮ǣ齨С͵ţ˵޷Щ͵ȣȴҲ൱ʵٲԺȣڿɺãΪлȻֻʣôˡ
īڷħ޵͵֮󣬸Ƿ׷ɱҲǾһЩֵǣһЩȫɥ
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лĵ̫죬ͷβûгУ˱ѾȫĿһеԴ졣
ǰһС


39  һմкͣ
С̫̬ˣһ첻ȫˣĪӿ϶Ӳģͬھ¶ģлնӦǾȥδ֮ʣϮɱĴûᡣ
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̽ץס˹һЦͼһ֣뿪ˡ
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Ǵ˵е޵кҩһմкͣ
һմк֣ͣлͻȻΪ˹ˡ


40  ͼƷ
νһմк֣ͣҲܲµɫǾǲͬһкҩкҩҪԣֻҪһǾҪкͣ
;Улɽ˹һմкͣһС
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˹ŵͼԱ߻һһŴͼԱȣƺȷ
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ʱˣһлļͷ˵СħҲ֪Ǵħ
˭ҪԸңұȻǴħҪҵĶֺл˵䣬ɫޱȣһ漴лǸ׼Ǹľϲ
Сħʼ˶ħж


41  ǱΪ
Դӵõͼ˹ͽЯݺɽΧͼ˳ݵͼǻʹӶڳڱƳģϸ̶ȣҪģһһʦ滭ģĵΩΩФ
Ҳвͬġ
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ӳݵͼԱȣʾĵطǰǸСɽɽָǰɽ˵
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ŮɽԽ룬˹ӣ˵ϾˮڵأһСˮ̶


42  ˮ
ˮ̶ȴл⣬·Ҳǻ谵һƬˮҲܹ֣зˮƽҲƽ˹ûвγɡ
κͶȥɭ֮ǣμһԱģ·˵أң˵ϾˮģǴ㵱ʱȡģǶ˵·Ӧи߼ħػҪԱ֮󣬲ȡվˮ̶ǰǲ޵ĵԼȡ廹ңߣһҪõ
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43  ˮ
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44  ǰо
һ߼СˮۣɫСˮΧԼ׼ķΧڣȴһƬգͨˮƽһٶ׵ˮ̶֮ˮȴ޷һ㣬ҲɿϾˮĲһ㡣
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Сħǳȥɣ˵Աкܶ˶ԵƷءлסҪ쭵ϲŮ˰Լͷ
װͰ͵ĵһ˹ҲأŤߡ
ûнĶûλҲ֪˵һ뿪ӣ񡣡˹ĵ
л΢٣뿪ˡ
ԶȥıӰⱧסлĸ첲״ܵӣ˹޵
ЦЦؿص¹ţ֣λСֵܿܲ򵥰
ǰСС費ƺҲټɡص¹ЦǺǵ˵
ͺܷŭ˹˿佱лŭģһ˫۾ԹޱȵĶʧıӰһŻָλ壬СֶЩˣȻȥϢ
ص¹ź͹Ȼ˵ʲô
˹첽뿪ԶԶ׷лˣһЦڹսǴʧˡ


50  ۣ٣Ŷ
νԱᣬǿһ˵Ϊɽĸ֣ҲдżЩĶЩȴͨƷʶˣ뷨
Աһ
ռǧƽĴּۻ۵ģֺģΧССڷŸʽƷ
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ӭͿһ۱Ĺ̨
ڷŸָıǹУһȭرۡ
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ȭײ濴ȥǰ㣬ʮлȵǣ⸱ȭ׾ȻԵġ
ȭǲóñ֮˵ѡ
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ֻʲƵĿ̸лûһֺЦ̬ΪıһǾı顣
Խ˱飬ԽʲƸе˷ܣǽĴ
Ƭ̣ʲƱռʮֶȥ˾֪һЩĶǶƷ
ЩǴȭ׵ļƷһʦЩȭ׵Ļ䲻˵ʥҲǼƷģпʥġʲЦе˵
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ΪСЧҵҡʲƸ˵˵Լıֺ⣬︹飬ԸŮˣУ˹ֻϵùˡ
𣿡Ǿϲ֮⡣
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ҪǸӡ
ãȥ򡣡ʲɱǸ̯λ
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ռָлɨһ۸ʱû
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ƯŶӣһָһ̯λϣҪǸ׹Ŷù󰡣ȻҪٽҡ
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ŶҵС״ſ϶ܺÿ
ۣöָƯ
öǼƷ۰
٣Ʒܹۣܶʹá
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51  
ǰ󲻹ʮӣѡʮÿһ۸˵һٶңĸߴŰٶöҡ
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Ҫǻͨգ֮ңһӶòǮСħ˿ûоʹ˷ӣ֮ơ
ʲƣǺвŶ̾
СˣֻϲһЩ鼮ѣ֪ĶˡʲƵȷвţκһܹ˵;
ĸĦС׵ë˵˼ҵС׸ʲôأ
ѽ
СҲͷǺ۾ʲơ
С׾رɰħޣӣϲ
Сħ赱ȻҪõĶ磬ҪۣҪʹáʲվԱλãܣĿڴһ̯λϣҷһǳʺС׵Ķ
ʲô
ҴǹȥʲЦ
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²
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߲ʷӥ˵ֻһмλĵͼħޡüһЩʧ˵
û߲ʷӥļǺܵͣѪ߲Сİ˵ȴŷǷáʲ΢Ц߲𣬡߲߲ʷӥΨһһ߲ʷӥڣ߲մ߲ʷӥ֮ѪͿĨڰ޵ϣͿԸı޵ʣ䷢ɱ䣬ӵħģһǶϵħ
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ʲƵСˡɫֵ磬СȥͰɡ
ŶҴӦҪȥһԷġίľܾ
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ǾͺáпĺˣһῼΪҴµк󹬵ġ

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뿪Աǵס
;УóһѶʲƹġ
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ô⻤ϥܷ϶ħ԰ɡϥл
лùһһ⻤ϥֱ̫ˣϥǲһϸСļ̣ÿһǱ˵ȽϣǾͲˣǱϵɡ
ѹֱ˵Ƿ϶ħԡ
룬ҲϥˣҲûʲô
žžž
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лһ˹
վ˹⻹˹ĸ࣬лһȭ򵹵Ŀ⻹һЩˡ
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ͬʱڽֵһˣҲʮˣסȥ·
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죡
˹ץƵĺϴαлһȭܣħıħԳˣ޲Ҹطȥһᱨˡ
͵ӵСӣүȻͲ㡣
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л֪˹˵û
ִ壬ϵģΪһˣ巢ͻ
ֵĸ֣һ֡


52  
֣лûоţûгֹһ˿Ļңһ㣬Լеơ
ֻƽĿ˹
СħȻһӳȥлҪҽģֻܳȥǲܰȫ
أĵĵ
лһЦߣ̫ˣܡ
ܣ
һлǿӶݵ涷Щ˸סǸ׸
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ˣ⽫ʮ൱߸߳һȼģҲ㹻ʰʮ߼λˡ
ô֪ļ뷴ɡ˹
лߵɱһ⣬ɱ׬ˣлᣬһ汳
ģͷвү˹ŭɶȵϣסץģүҪһһ
ɱ
ȳɱȥ
Ҳ׷ɱȥ˹ߣûһҲҪ˶ˣŲлܹӳ
ʮˣʵߵͲ롣
ͬΪ鼶λʵҲвͬģеóٶȣʶһ³γš
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鼶λ綼ں档
лĿһݣһɰ˲ϱͬµľһ㣬Ǳǰȭİ塣
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𣡡
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лһȭӽҪֵ
֪ջӳȥʹһԵꡱһнըѳƬڰȭĳ£Ƭص壬ʬ屻ȭȥصںϡ
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һƫײһ˵ĻС

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أ
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Ц׺䡣
磬лҲҲһնлĸ첲οĽһЩ

ۣ
ͬ鼶λˡ
лҲΪСҲ군ˣĻϥСϣѡ
˹鼶λȫˡ
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һ鼶λ֡
˱һˣһƵ˱ˣ˾棬˹Ҳɵˡ
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쵰͸ҳ壡˹ָſƿڴ
Ŀֻܿؽٴγȥ
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˷鼶λ߼λеĸͳͳȥ
ʮˣΧһˡ
紵лҷʥս죬һһٵĵߡ


53  ع
ս죬Ƹǰ˷лͬսֳʥĿ磬裬ɷ
Կһ򣬸߾ʥ
ȭ֮˭ʱת
ȭ뵶
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ߡлһȣӵն
ˢ
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ҫ۵ĺ˶鲻Խı۾۾Ϳǵһ
䣡
ͬʵʰİȺС
ƶһ谭ƵģЩֱķ׷׾һҷȥмһͨ
ǵһһ׵Ŀ¹֡
Ƕѵı
һʹĽܵÿ죬δˣȴУܹһȭܿ鼶λ֣лڸǽȭ뵶ڣȻǿ鼶λ޷⣬Ҫ˵Щ߼ĸˡ
л
ॣ
ŵһ£ؽûץأŽϣ۵ӶɳˣĽʮŽֱ
ˣлȻŤͷֵһ鼶λ֡
䣬˱ԭʧˡ

أ۾е

ɭӱವ˸еȫֱð亹ǼǰһԾҪ㿪
ڿգδأеһлֹȰǵǰʥĺݺݵĺɨ
ʵȿǿһ㣬Σ̫Ҵδû֪漼ʵǿģȻܹɶȴС
ʥ
ѪǵĲ
ʬӦء
л̧ͷ鼶λЩ߼ĸ֡
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ӮӮ˹ܣƳ˹ҪӣʱŶ̽ͳȥҧгݵµ˹СŮվ˸㣡
лպ˹ߣʩչΣ㵽ʮ⣬ס˹ȥ·
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˹ʵҲԣֻû뵽лȻĶ֡
лһߵڿзɳȥ߰ףɼл֮
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ɣ
лͷһ̧ͷȥͿСħҧгݵĻӶŶ̽ݺݵ˹˫֮һ
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ۣ
ѪŽ
˹˫֮䣬һƬ졣

˹ɲԲͷ֣ɫҰףˤڵϣ漴˹ȥ
ߣһǱСŮϰ޵о˿ûΪ˹Ķӣ˿ĵǺ£ϽϵѪ˹ϡ
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֪ؼʲôλǾһС
㣡Ļðɡ
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һٶѹһ
Ͻ˹㿪Բ
ʲôŶ̽ʹص۾ֶӲǺöҲʲô񡣡
лһĶͷֻ˵Сħ̫뺷ˣ


54  ı
ˢˢˢ
Ӳùһְû취ܲ˼˵Сɣοص¹žǰ
С̣ص¹û취ֻ
ȴǺᣬͣĹ
ʮལһһݣǹص۾ǹ˫֮䣬νаޱȡ
Сħˣ߰ɡл֪ҪþգƼ˹أԴҶõġ
սݺݵصأСŮţû꣡˵̽һһ˵˹µĿ䣬뿪ˡ
ңңҡ죬ȴû˵ʲô
ư
ص¹ҲһЦҪ˵ȷܹ֣˹ŭֱûؼҷ˵Ҫʲô⣬ٸͷƼλڶ
أֶӻ治ʲôöص¹û˵
Ҳ֪ؼҵĵλһ̵ģ˹ЦСӵȷܲǶϾҴӰ֣Ҳ֪˹ǸĸȴǴ۰ŮˣҲһԲŻΪıħԳӣܵиɡ
ô죿ص¹ŵ
ǼǸСħǲǡ˫ĿһĨɭĺ⣬ǸлܲỤŰɣ
ص¹һͶлеʥڱصãֻǿŵӣ޷ֹлһ仰ֹͣ˹ЩͷۣһصĻðһ뷨

ס
лߡ
ʲĶͳͳˣл˵Сħ˹̫ˣͲ屨
Уʵ̫ˡƲƲ죬ں˵Ǹǻʵ谮һͬĴĶӣû˸Ұô
лΪ֮Ȼ
˵Щˣǻ취ҸʦΪһȭװɡЦĵҲ֪ʲռЩǲƭ˵ġ
ӦġлһЩϵûǺġ
ˣȻߺߣһġ
лһ죬ǼٵģСħòȥ˼Ҹ˵ɡ
лҲżȥԱῴʲôöһɭ֮ǵķ羰
תۼȥ߰졣
ʱ䣬лֻҪʱ䣬оȭ
ԴͨԺҪѣл㷢ȭĶƣиеԼӦܹ򵽰ȭĵڶʽˡ
ԱҲ˽ʱ
ἴʼ
⾺޶ˣҲ׷ɭ֮ǣʹɭ֮ԽԽˡ
ллл
ڷڲȭл洫˷ܵĽȭţͿ˽
ʲôˣôˡлЦ
Ҷҵһɭ֮Ķʦлܣܱ˷ܵ˵˵ıء
Ŷ
лϲһ뵽˵ص¹ҵģһֹص¹űϴüĿģﻹ֪жıء
½ıƺҲôɣûнģһǧǰġл
Ͳ֪˰ɣԶ紫ŵҪֻ࣬Ǻܶ˲͸¶ѣǼҾһǼ洫ģǰ˴ġЦ
壬壡
лҲֻܱ죬棬Ҳص¹ˣʲôϾǺܱ뺷ġ
뿪סƹֵ
һ԰ĵط
ûУǰǶӣλʦָ֮ŽֵмһһķӣΪһȭף˳һ£ҪʲôϣҪԱᡢȫõ
ܹʦԼһȭ׵ĻлţҲǼƷģǲ㹻пʥʥ
뵽л˼ҲԾ
ǿ첽ǰȥ
С㡣
ʱں׷
ؼҵһˡ
ʲô£
˿һл漴ſĶСֹһʱ¶˽֮ɫлԼȥɣѾλʦˣһȭ׵ģȻȥˡ
˵겻л˵㼱Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
л֣ʲôż
߽ȥʱص¹ŷֵģʱ򱻽ߣЩɡ
ߵ˴æǳ˰ɣ
ô˵Լѣ£Լôܲܣлתȥ׷
߲ˣ
һϤ
лͷһɫ֮䣬νʦס߳ĺȻʥǿ߹أ


55  
ı
ı
лɫúѿҲڼӿ죬ľԼκⶼҪƽȴҲ޷ƽ
ԵĿʥǿߣ
־ĸǰûκεĵֿ˵ʢʱڣҲ˼ҵĶ֡
лŬԼƽ
صĵɱ㣡
һתлԵɣȥûû취Ծ
ص¶һ˿Ц⣬лȥ
Ҫˡ
лԭ޷ƽģͻȻ
һս״̬ıƽתӳȥ뷨Ȼ飬ص¹Žܵϵ
ȥĻֻ뻢ڣص¹ɱ
ֻܿԼ
֨֨
νʦķŴ򿪡
ɫ԰ף˹˴˳л˫۾˵Թ
壬ҪɱץģҪĥһӣ˹Ӳޱȵ˵ɭĿ£ߵ˶ŵһ¡
лƲƲ죬˹㶼ˣʲô±֪ȥ
˹״ľҪȥ
̾һ̽ץл
һУٶȴл磬ֻܸոзӦѣʥʵ
ֻǶɵҲлܹġ
ǰһѾ˽ǰ
ֻ־Ĳ಻ʮס
Ѿޱ侲лȻܿƵ̫ˣ
ҲףκιɱڹǰǼٵģôĹС
Ҳ־ܡ
Ϊ
һ壬лӰƾʧ
ףҲǳһ֮ǰѯʿ˵ʱҲ˵лĪΪֻлٶ̫죬ûȴû뵽ȻԼǰʧ
Сģ
󣡡
УضȻ˷ɫ΢䣬⣬̫ˣʥ֣ʵûлϡ
һָͷܴлٴΡ
ų֣ҲֻɵѣˣҲ鼶ܿģοл߼λĸ֡
û뵽лȻûгûߡ
ȷû뵽
˹Ҳû뵽
лȻʥǿ֣߳лҪպ޹˸֣Ȼ֣ġ
ȻҲû뷨ġ
֪ڵʵһҲʮһ׵ľ룬Ҫߣûô򵥡
Թصʵȫ׷Լ
ɵֻһζߡ
ڹлʥҲˣֱӾһǡ˭ϵ
һգ⡣
ٶѾлļޣǳ䲻⡣
صϵһȵĶұ
أ
û뵽ǣлһȻĶһѪӡ
ͬʱǰĶҲлõɳȥ
ʥˣص¹ţ㾹Ȼ⣡
ĶɵֵסлĶȴ޷ʥΪʥҪ֪ʥϵĶܹܶ赲ģҲʥԵʡ
ۣ
ǿķлڿеУſһѪڵϣ͸еȫĹͷҪˡ
˸˵ܡ
ǿʹлصһ˲䣬ٴʹ
Сӻأοˣ̾ͿлڣǸ̫죬ܹء
еЩ˼飬ǰʵʵġ
ͬʱлʧĵطص㡣
˹ʮףԼʮףɫٴһ䣬Ǳлٳ˹ҲͱˣᱻЦġ
һ㵽˹ǰ
Ҳ׷׳СĽ䱸
˫ĿⱩ˫ϸϣܹͨҵлλá
ãϵˣһȴδлɵĴŭˣлǸԼ˸ףΪٳ˹ʵȴˡ
л뷨
׼ȷİյһ㣬Ǿ֪һǶԶȻˤĵط˹нʮףһɹز֪Կ϶ȱ˹ġ
ôͿԳûˡ
ಣ
һڿգ߿ա
ʥĸܹڿɰ裬ƾվ˫ĿⱩ²鿴ǰлߣһһ˿ڣҪ˶ˡ
ֱӽֵķڡ
Ǳ˵ķ䡣
л
ӵðԴһ¡
ʲô
л̧ͷһŷ֣鵽˼ҵĴ£Ͻſڵϣͬʱת۲ܣٴݵ׼
߽ҿ˿ûʲô뿪ˡ
лһ
ȷû֮ŵĴӴ߳ڣ͵͵濴ȥһ۾Ϳվڸ߿յĹء
ߣȻᱻ֡
ߵһ࣬ڴ⿴ȥҪ鿴ʮʲô֮
סˣһҪռƻ£ԲߴһĻǽǰ
İɣҪĻǱȽ׵ģ㣬õ޶ĻֻһΣʱֻӣа𣿡
ϻҪûգǸʲô
Ǿͺã賿Ǿڳ϶ʮХɽϡ
ҵ֮лҪݳȥ⼸Իĵûע⣬Ǿ䡰޶档
޶ȫ½ǰĵĶ𣬾˵ǧǰϹҵ֮ѷɫȭĴڡ
˾Ȼԣ


56  Ӧ
ΪܹͰȭĸ޵елȻҲҪǷҲˣǽ֮ˣʵһúܣֱˡ
޶ǺεȶȻǳϸ
¶ʥԿصģҪ͵ߵˣûһǧҲа˰٣һֱûгɹǾ˵ˡ
лţʩչ
һס
һѻУﷱƽ͵Ҳа׶ߣлһſڵϣֹ˿
Ȼٴʩչ
Ѿ뿪ԶԣܺԺ䣬뿪ʱ򣬹ѾʼصѰңʱʱڵĹأлǽɲҼȥ
лڼľж£Զ˵أɭ֮ǵŴ
лͷһۣĶп
ףε飬ص¹żпܲˣҪȥĻ¼˾ͱص¹Ÿɵˡ
ֻѡȥ
뵽ĵεΣе᲻ã˵ǸСħǺͶԵģ˿֪ˡ
л̾ûвɢϯһתʧɭ֮ǡ
뿪ɭ֮ǣл˦˦ͷ֮£ֱǰȥ뾡뿪˵أֹص׷
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СףǸŪԵˡлӣĽ
ѽ
С˷ܵ
ԳԸȤлĻһĶߣ˷ܵȥҸɲˡ
лץ˼ֻ𼦡
ȵǳԱ㣬Ѿҹʮ֣лҲûĳ嶯ڵϣҧһ۲ݣ¡
ҹĻ£ɽҹϰϰӲ֦żһЩħ޵Ľ˵ľס
л£·𿴵˱衣
Ҳ֪ôˣл뵽裬һȺģǱһֵˡ
벻ףΪʲôҪɱ
ԭʵڣҲ֪һ𣬻᲻ѧҪǸ߱裬±ţԼᵽҲԲŵģϾǵһμ棬Ҫɱʵ˵ͨ
һΣһ޶˵ľ˸лǰ
̡
лǷһ˿Ц⣬лʼնûһ㵣ģûнţûѹûԼľֻˡ
뵽ҲںɽΪѰ滨ݣܰ
ǻ
Сħ֪ûҡл̾
ЩлԺľҪ˯š
˯˯ʱлеǰһ
Ҫ˯ŵлԴ˵һ£Ȼһѽţͷؿڡ
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лվĴûзʲôɫԲȴǳԣл㿪ʼĴѰҡ
ΧһȦʲôû֡
ɫԲٶб仯л䷽ŻһȦʱϸ΢ı仯ٴλһȦߡ
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лѺ˯Сףȥ
ߴԼһףͱһɽסȥ·
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վɽǰлԸоɫԲԽԽˣ·Ƶģ㿪ʼĴңûڡ
Сɽǰʱ۾ٴθְɫĺ⣬Ǻܿʧˡ
ɫԲĲлɽϱȥûãҵһ˵쳣صڡ
ɽ߰׵ĵطλõӲݺľڵķǳãϸҲҪ߹ȥܷ֡
лɽ
֪ûף͵˾ͷ
ɫԲĸˣлΣóʥҪһͨ
ƺܷ£޴ܹɫԲӦĶʵ̫ˣۺĶܷ
΢Ϣһ£лӵն
顭
̼Ƕʮ൶
ÿһʮǿһ׵ľ룬ҽһ˽Ŀȣǰ˽ʮס
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Ǻлĸɾˡ
ҹһֱն
л۵ͨǺǰн˽һףϢ˺üΣľ˼Ρ
Ȼûеﾡͷ
ֻɫԲĸӵˣлеƺҪҵˣΪÿɫԲҪˮȡʱ򣬱˵ġ
Щ㾫񣬶ָһЩлٴλӵǰ
顭ǣ
һ·ǰʮȻ䣬лһȥ͸еƵģΪǼӲɽھȻܱһȥ̫㣬ȥ
ɽ飬ǰĺȻһĻþĴڡ


57  鼶
ǰһƬ硣
ǾӨ͸ıĴһɳǵĺ紵Ķл鲻ԽĴ
лҲ˹
ϸۿһܹĿռ䣬ռǧƽףȴֻһЩ񣬲Ķ
ҲĲ֪жĺ
оǣлһޱȵĺ磬ǣҲڴҾڵĻҲ̫ȵ졣
лǺɡ
ʼĴѰңͬʱɫԲĲңɽȴʧˣɫԲĲȻûб仯ģƵһ¡
Ҳ˵ɫԲľռ䡣
лһƣʲô
ܲ⣬ȴҲû취ɴһƨڵϣͬʱжȫֵĺ硣
ȻɫԲȻʲôͬ
лʹ˷ĴѰңҲûʲô֣Ա㿴ʲô仯
ɫԲ̫ʡ
һʱϮ壬紵
лתֿͬʱ鿴ɫԲ򣬽ɫԲ΢Ĳţȴûбı仯
лȴеܲˡ
ıĹǺɫԲһͣҪᷢЩʲôôһ棬Ҫǲо͸ĵġ
һһʱ
̹ǣһʱͽл
絶ϵϴл壬ĵֿԽԽͬʱĵĸӵѸ١
лüͷһ壬ֶٶȾȻ˶೤ʱˡ
ɫԲȻֻ΢Ĳš
ڼһɣҪǲУǾͳȥлֹˣòǷ˾ţ֮ʲôҲûõɡ
ʱһһĹȥ
лֵҲԽԽѣĶĵļ죬ĸоٴδȫ쬵ģ·ͷˡ
ˡл̾ѾֲסˣҪ뿪
ˣ
лһ
ӣһ۾ΪɫԲ򲻵ǲתˣлͷ֣տıڴЩĺ羹Ȼһִ֮̾ɫԲͷųһϢЩչɫԲڣźĴл֣еĺ綼ᱻɫԲȥһֲڲȴûжʲôƻͳͳľڣȻͶںˡ
ںϣлԺȻֳħ޵һĻ
ʱī޵ʱ򣬾˸оֻһȣһѣлҲҹܶħ޵ȴûио
лֻýǴιΪһ⡣
ΪǴξлȫĵĵʼЩġ
лһЦ
ɫԲҪãͲöеֵװﱻһʱ
л
ǺϣҲ֣ɫԲԵʣǺ缰壬öֵĻȻˡ

ڵĺХϡ
Ҳ֪ģȴ쳣䣬Ǳ棬䴵ĸӵĹ⻬γһι״ı
紵л塣
൱һֱɫԲս壬лл͸оԼĶڼٵ
ٶȣлһ󼤶
лҲһ֮ǾǺƺһĹɿУ׼ᣬڿԾ𣬸ɴԼǳǺ硣
ǶȫģҪ˷ѾȥעȻлҲ֪һжɫԲйء

ХлڿԾֱ͵ĵط
һУл͸еȫһ·˲һ㣬ɫԲĺ
ֵǺ岢䡣
лأ
ȻǴΪϲ׷Ǻ磬ϵسȥ
ʮ֮л͸еԼĶ͵ԽԽ󣬵ƺҲﵽ˼ޡ
һеĶ뵤ڡ
̾йƵĸо
ȷˡ
лϲĵȽ⣬֮ǰδʱΪʲô϶츳ߵ֮һ
˵ĵﶼǲСģġ
Խ󣬳ĶԽ࣬ʵȻԽˣĵͱһ˵Ĵö࣬г
Ķϵڡ
µȴδ
˷ϵл֪Գµˡ
Ҫ֪һ˵ĵڸ߼鼶磬ؿÿһĵȼͻؿһЩȴﵽƼɷʱ򣬾ͻǵ֣ΪµΪҵ
лΪµ
ֻȻֿˣȴҲҲ󣬴ʱϵѾˣǱ˵ĻȻ䵤رȴǶµĸҡ
͵ĵлԽԽ˷ܣʼϵسǺ硣
һΡ
ֱھŴΣлһµĸȻֳĶƣµ
ڿ鼶ˣл˷ܵص
ʱɫԲĺ磬ȻֺͣûᣬܹŹ


58  Ȼ
ĺĺô
л׷⺮磬ֱɫԲֹͣһлָȻлͣʱлѾ鼶λƿ仰˵鼶λֻһ֮лԵ鼶λ
֮лʼ鿴Լ
Ҫ۲ȻɫԲˡ
ȻҪɫԲа֮Ҳʵ̫⣬ʶϸ鿴
ɫԲǺ֮γһĨ⡣
ܵĻơϡȣͺܲԣֻǸڱ棬ɫӡ
лȥ鿴
ȴʧ
ȻǾų⣬ɫԲһĴڣĿлһΡ
лֻһνоɫԲ뷨ѹĵףתȫĵȥǰĶҪӦͻƺĸо
鼶λĶҪȸ߼λ١
࣬ȻʹĶࡣ
лջȭȥõǰȭ֮˭
һȭʱͿһӰȭͷ֮ϱȥǰӰԵҪԭʵһЩ
·ʵʣõġ
䣡
һȭػǰӰ׸ߵľͱ֮ϣɲǼ䣬ǱȻѣ飬˷
лɴϲ
񲻼ñǰлʯ󣬿Ǿ֪µıӲȾԳʯܶ౶ġ
仰˵лһȭ˽
һȼЧǴ󰡡л˷ܵص֪ҵپء
˵ؾǱЧ
л뿪磬һ¡

һ󺮷紵лûиеһ˿ĺ䣬⺮Եıȸսʱ˥
·𺮷ľɫԲȥһ㡣
ȵл뿪СվУԣ̾һⱾӦǴ½һܹγˮ൱֮ˣϧŸγɳξͱƻˣˣ̾ʲôǶҵ˶ѡģο֮ˡ
ɽ߳нףлһһͨЩпġ
뿪֮أлʩչ
һݱʮס
лͷһǾ뾹ȻʮңͷٴʩչһνеĶˡ
ಣ
´γ֣Ѿ쵽ˣлٴĿ롣
ʮף
лȻʧЦÿһҲһҰ
ȻԤе룬лɥĶһѾˣҪ֪һ׵ľ룬սпŲİ
ôʱ䣬еˡ
ȥ
˷оʱ䲻ɻûɽڣͿͷˣɽڴһ졣
Сסл
ѽ
С״ӺֱܹӴܵлļͷ
лӣ˼ҪԵģС̻⣬ԳһŹͬԵġ
߳ɽСױȥҸɲл׽𼦡
С׸ߣлδͿɽӰӰٵ߱߹۲죬ƺı˷֡
һ˵лһڵĺӡ
Ǿɡ
ãطҲûʲôˣӦñȽϰȫ
˵˾л׵һʯ档
ǵôе죿лֹ
֮óһƿƹཹཱུĺ˼ڣһǸóɣҲооܴܲ򿪡
򿪣Ҳ֮ЦҪܴ򿪣ôĵĽ𣿡˵óһӡ
¹⣬лǸǺɫģɢһɵ̴㣬һЩĻͼ
ȥľкǸ߹
лΣԹ۲죬ܸо˵Ϥһʱ䣬ȴ벻
һ°ɡ
Ҫ԰ɣ̫˽ˣܸǻģҲֻ˷ʱ䣬룬Ǳ֮Ǹôңȥɡ
ٺ٣ǵҲǣСӼթúܡ
թֹթ˵ΪԸȥ˼Ƥӵµ˵𣿶һǸʱ䣬ߣڶɣɭ֮ǵϢųȥģ˲ܸԼõĻᡣ
ڰɣⶫҲֻһֶѰ
͵л⻰ȻΪʲô˵еϤģǲǵΪܹ׷ɱǼ䷿ڣ͵Ҫ޶˵
лǣԲûзϡ
˿ǸӣǾȣѲǵˣ޶ɣ
˵ĶԻƺпܡ
ǹȻʵߣڿֲֿصĶ֣ǸνƺǴĻνģԲûпܡ
ؼǣлص¹ᵽ޶Ϣ⣬˭Ҳ֪ôġ
ϾܹͰȭĳ˭õɵϵǸԼۺϼ㣬л϶ǺھǺ䶯½ȫ½ҪΪ֮ġ޶


59  ض
һ뵽޶лľе㲻ܿƵļ˼ҲԾ
޶ܹΪϹҵ֮ȻǷͬġ
֮֮ǲͬģҪ˭ˣǵлң֮Щˣÿһۡ
Ϲ岻ͬ
ǧǰϹǹϵĴ½һ塣
˳֮Ȼ˶ҪĶˡ
㲻˵ãһ˵Ҳ֣һͨĶϧҵ𣿡
ǰҿ⶷»⡣
ӦˣǸҲûϵǼûʵҲûͷԣЩǶԣûʲôôǵǮǣȥңӰɡ
˵ǲ̰лû뵽ǰ˻֪֮
̰һԭ
Ⱥ򽫽ʱлſ
䲻Ҳʮ꣬㣬ȥͺһк˭֪һǸ֮ˡ
Ե꣬Ѳʮı
лúܲ˼顣
ˡ֮С
Ҳ֮źӣվֵ
ˡ
Ӧһ첽˹ȥ
ȵ˽ǰл֣ǰƺЩеŵĿЩ䱸˼
ԤƵʱһЩʱ䣬簡㲻һκζֺ𣿡Ҳ֮ƺΪ˰е־£ųζ˵
϶׼ҸԼ׼·ߣ¾ͻزˡ˵δ⣬ѶҰɡ
Ǯ׼𣿡
ȻóһöռָҪĽҶ档˵䶶ֽöռָ׸Ҳ֮ˡ
Ҳ֮̽ץסöĿռָץУȴûв鿴˼
Цˣ
㻹ǺõġҲ֮˽ӽ֮ˣռָץȥһӾץһѵĽҡ
ӲӵĽ¹Ȼǻ۵ĺܡ
֮˿̲סʿҺ
ѺӸҲ֮˷Ը
֮ƺƴӣֽ̧Ǻ׸ȻչȥĿ𡭡ôˡ
ץſռָ֮ɫȻɫ
֮˸Ͻסתŭ¶ˣ
Ҳϲ֪ҵܣõİ취ڡƽ˵ûˣֻһǺӡ
Ҹƴˣ֮ŭţӵɱȥ
Ȼûȥ
ȴڿԾ漴ӿ׹ˤ߻صģɫȴɫ
㣬ô¶ģ˽е
ĵǰ졣
ж֮˲ûã°ĭ
ԴõӣҲûһۣһжļ֮Уǰж֮˺ʱޱȾ׼
һжлһݡ
ʵôĻҲʵ̫ˣ·һжƿһ㣬£
һ
лս룬ҪôһҪô֣Բܸһ㷴Ļᡣ
ʬ壬źӣóһϸĽ룬ûнǺӵĽڣǺиͼȥһ¶һ˿Цݣиǡ
ǣ
ǺӶʱ
øƣлֹ
漴ͿŽתȦתȭȻһǰɡһǺڴ
иǴмֿ
ʼƽ¶һĨ֮ɫЩڡ
Ӳֻƽİڷһᡣ
ץסᣬóϽӷռָڣ˫ֽžᣬڿƲסЦ
ҳɹˣҳɹˣ
һǸˣֳʱǷǳټģҪ˵鼤Ȼ϶˴ˡ
лһĨ⡣
Ƕֵĺûᣡ
лԺָ˱ɱ˵Ľ̸Ϊһݷ꣬Ǵʮ꿪ʼģƺ̫ܰɡ
뵽ҩָлٴǿųֵĳ嶯
޶޶Ϊ㣬ҵĸĸûˣ벻Ǳҵõˡץžᣬףĸף飬ǿǵĶѾǵԸõ޶𣿡
ϣ˾ᡣ
л۾ȥ
򿪾ᣬûϸĹۿǽƽڵϣȻȥƺҪҳʲô
һ֮¶ѿ֮ɫ
ٴθ
һθӵĽһһĸᶼ֮¶֮ɫ
ܣܣôܲڣ˵ģϹ󶷼֮бһģûУӦŶ԰ɫʮֵѿ
һѰҡ
ǽɫ˷ŭΪûС
ģݷ꣬ѾõĶȻûСһȭݺݵڵ档
Ҳһ̣лˣ


60  浶
ȻҪѰҵĶ޶ڣлҲûбҪȥˣһء

ĪĶ
˵͵Ϯɱѡ񣬼̫֮عȻǳ䲻⡣
лһݱ㵽
ʥĺ󱳾һɱһ
δھҵҪĶڰУǸݷ꣬ȻûеõҪĶҲ㹻յġ
Ͼ
һĻޱ֮ˣڷŭյʱȻǱʶбصġ
Եлʥµһ̣Ӧ
Σգ
ɫ䣬Ҳıȥɽµģһ̣ȥ
лĹƫ޹ʵʧЧ
һԾβһ£Ѫֱ۵һƺߵʹֻûסΣлٴʧ
ֵʱ򣬵ࡣ
ʥ¡
ģʲôĲˣȻ֪лιģһ˲䣬Ҳ˲ö٣˳̧
꣡
һ۰ɳ
һ۰ȡһûٴԾ
˱
лͷǸҪĺɱͬ飬ȻԼҲ˵ĺ
ݣ
ϱ۵۵ļʹȥɫҰףͷǺˮˣȻܹ侲ſ³һ⡣
лһʥ

ⱬѡ
һŰֳ
лСβָһǰ㿪ʼɢҲǰɫĶʥȥ
ϱ۵վ
жˣɱңҲɡеϣԴʱ䣬ôͿл
лû
Ըˣɱ⣬ԲܸһĻᣬĻԼùġ
лûֹͣ˼ӵٶȸˡ
㡭е
ʥµ̫죬ֻ˵һ֣лѾһĲ֮ϣһĨ⻮Դ˳ȥ
ɱ֮лųһ
ĿռָժȻ߻ȥֻǴһָۡ޶
ǧǰϹ֮֮һ޶
顭
֮ǰѾȷǵõ֮лǲܿƵļ
ڴ½ɶ˵ɭ֮ǣǵĿʲôȴˡ
ܲ˷ܡ
лͲ˵ˡ
ܿ侲ˣ˵ز˾װҵĿռָҵСף׼һ򣬾ȥ
Ҫһȫĵطڿʼ鿴Щ
һ·񱼡
ֱǰףлͣһҹлŷģ;ץ֧ãһСɽ⡣
СףҪһʱˡл㽫޶ɹ뿪
֧ľܣɲ
лʼտֻãóЯĿռָĽƱǿƳȻö
߰ʲôС
һơлץһεӡ
ӷǽҲ֪ʲôɵģֻץУģƴһ飬ʮ
ӵһһɫͼһĻͼ
лһ£δ˵úΪǵģ㽫ȻûȴףǸпһص
˾͸ҪСˡ
Ŀ֮⣬ĶǺͨƷȻΪԵװȫûʲôĶϡ
лǸŽҵĿռָ
ռָûл֪ǶӦͿĨڽȥˣСβָһ㡣
һĨĲڿռָγɡ
лǰһ͡
ǲˣһжָл鲻Խظпҩָֻĸոձɫĳ̶ȣҩָҲǷǳǿġ
ʱڲ鿴ǿռָлɵЦˣҷˣҲʮöɡ
ԽңȻԽԽãлɵýΪС
л㽫Ŀ˾֮ϡ
Ȼ޶֮֮ϸһЩͼϸע⡣
лһʱ䡣
һ˼Ͷȥˡ
ȴԶС׼״һЦŵĽֻøժ͸лԶѧտֻǼ˲ǻñͿĲˣҪġ
Ǻлһо޶
С͵͵Ĵس
ֻãÿһֻöĸ廹Ҫö࣬ȫȥСȻԭûʲôɫ
ã
С״űã˸ʵĵط˯
лȻоڼصĶֻöԵҲ֪Ľ˼档
һУһ˼޶
޶һֿɽԶ涷սȻֳֳսԶĻƷɵˡ
ַֻɵͬһķɵ
ǲ֮ͬǡ֡
޶ʹ֮ӳȥķɵ٣켣ֱߣԷɻ˵ޱȡ
ʣǰɵǹֵļֻҪԶģǾֱ߷йġ
޶ǡǡǴսҪֱߣԻߣ⻹㣬һле˷ܵأǾǷɵӳȥȻԷ»عУõ˷ѷɵġ
лԽԽ˷ܣ㿪ʼվм
ֻã׵ȥˣѾһһҹûгԶˣȻû
Ϊ޶ѾԽ˼


61  ż
Сɽڣ羰ϪˮɰСڵϴ֣ʱʱҼֻСħһ¡
лվһʯͷ棬𣬿ǰԼʮһڵϵ֦ץһСʯӣĬ˶һӡ
ಣ
ǿСʯӴһɾ磬Хȥ
Сʯڿлһߣ׼ȷĻǸ֦Сʯڿл֮·лУٴδȥĿǻ֦ط֦ɡ
ž
еһСʯӺɡ
СʯٴתɵĻеڶء
ȻбϣɻлС
޶İڡ
ܹڿ֮ٴλعʹС
СףлȵͬʱԭصȥҪ˶ѵ׼ȷʣиѶˡ
˯СһץһСʯȥ
öСʯա
лУһԾ𣬶ֽСʯӳȥ
ಣ
Сʯٶޱȣ˷ֱ߷УžһһöСʯӣȻײ֮תһߣžһеڶöСʯӣٴνת
˽Сӳȥʯȫ䡣
ʮ죬лѾһЩŵֻһֱõСʯӣûʹʲô
Ҫԭûзɵ
СʯӾͳҪϰߣЧ൱ģҪ֪ѵģ׼ȷѡ
ΪҪڿתĿ꣬Ҫ
˾ҪԼַϣĿͬʱۣǾҪͨжγֲܹĿ꣬ͬʱת
ҪķǳȣǲȵĻ»еһĿ꣬ת֮޷ڶĿˣҪ˵γɻ֮
ַ޶Զսɫ
ʯӵĻܹĿ꣬ҲǿλɵĻӦܹĴλûзɵʯǷȱʥʹðɣսУ˭뵽ʥӳȥءлĵ
γʥһӡ
ಣ
ʥһ⣬ʮԶСɽͻɽʯ飬ȻתлС
޶Զֶ̹Ρ
ѽ
С׵ļ
һӰƵĿٵĴԶܶ
𣡡
һŴӺ׷ɱУķбХͬһ״
лЦкóԵˡ
һʱ䣬лֻѰտͽСˣ˵лһȻС˱ģտѧģģȻˮƽлȴҲ൱ɿڡ
ؼǣǷ֣óԵĲǻ𼦻ãֱǣ֮ζǻζ
ǺÿС׶һֻǰ
лǰһʥ̳һһɶӿγת罫Щн飬ȻһţǱǡ
𣡡
ʱһΪ̶ը죬ͬա
һֻ׶೤׶ߣͨѩ׵ľǳڲԶͷĶа׶೤ſѪ죬ŭ
лý
ͨıǶǸ߼λģǽ鼶λ鼶λ֮ģʵǿ
лȻһǱǡ
𣡡
ſһֻǱ縴ħģٶȿ磬ֱлؿڡ
أ
лһŻ˱ǵԴϣߵĺõǱһǱֱӶ˱ǵĲ
žણ
ʬء
Ǳ׷ŭ
޶
лһȣʥ¡
ܼ򵥵һ£ȴƾճ⣬֮ƣתţͬһ㣬Ǳ
ǽս޶
Ī⡣
ݾмأǿ״̬ܹһγߵ߸Ŀ꣬Ŀ޶֮
ǱҲ൱ǻۣΣſͬʱڿԾһͷǸа׳ĶǶݺݵضȥ
飡
Уײ
ͳͳѣƲļǰС
ۣ
ոԾıನУ㵹˳ȥл״һ֣ʥб˳ȥ
ʥڱĲ»漴һĨѪعлС
ʬأԴ
СףɡлЦ
һһޱ㽫ֻǴˡ
֮лֹСװôôܳԣԼһֻ밡Ұֻˡ
ѽ
СŶƤһǿ㱥˵ӡ
лҲʲʲôСٴ·Ҫɽ߳Сɽȣһ޼ʵɽ֡
ںɽԣħ޳û̫ƵԽħ޼ԽߣлδȥڵСɽȸ;鼶λħޣѾԵļޡ
ѡĺɽȥ˼СʱһɽлϢһ£ȴɽ۴ԼԶĵطһӰժһȻɢ滨
̽㣡лӰϲĽе
̣лȻһЦСһû
統ǰһޱߵζ
ô᲻أҿǺ̽ģÿζεлЦ˵ദл˵ɣ·ʲô鶼ȥǡ
Ƕ˵Ĺһεû·ɣ
һų͸¶һĨ˵Ĺ⣬֮˵ĵĻлʱеһа
ðġлϽתƻ⣬ɲǰ
Цǰܺãû̫֪ôĵģ


62  
˵Ļ
ǲ鿴лҩָȻóһЩ滨ݽлҵһЩݡ
л㡣лϲ
ϱ㿪ʼЩ滨ݵҩһ滨Сβָ̽뻨λãָ̳һ˿Ļƹ⡣
ǻﴦҲһĨİɫΣγϸ΢ָ룬Сβָ棬ʧ
˽Щݵҩ֮лָɫ΢ŨһЩɲǷǳԡ
лʲôγҲתΪġ££ǰ㷢
ʲô£ҪҰæлٺЦҲ֪ҵʵͽûȣȻǿԵġ
аָлĶͷһ£ѽǷˣͱۻ𡣡
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šסлĶ䣬ðĶҳˣ˵뿪ݵü
һ˷ζǰŮŭĽлЩĵ
顭
̾͸еҲһĨΣָоǵһݵλòʵ׷Ȼ֪Ҳܶα˵Ǻ޸оģ֪Ϊл˵ȴһ˿ĪĻҡ
ƾ˫ġ̰ȻֻǸоȴεζתƻ⣬ҼǵúֿʱֻǸ߼λɣѾ鼶λ˰ٶȺܿ
һһ㣬µл޵ĵ
ˮɱ˵̫ˣںɽҪμӴ½ģʵﵽڼƼĶ
лʱɴ۾㲻ῪЦɣ
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ô˵лɿ
ԣ˹ǷһȴܹлħıħԳǴʵ
лʵ
벻΢΢ͷͦ𱾾͸ʵ˫塣
лЦԭǽ㰡һ϶ǵǸŮˡ
㻹е̿Цܵܣô㿪ڱտڵÿᵽܷеӡ
ܲŮɱҰ
лȻ˵ΪԼ̺˱ͲԸҪγɳޣǾͲˣٶ˵Σյġ
ҽ鷳ԾǱʶˡлǻ飬һڡ
ģõʦЦЦĵ
лЦЦĵҺͱĹϵҪõĻǺ̽㲻Ҳǳõ𣿡
ٴšסлĶ䣬ܵܣռұˣ첻ѧЩˣôʰ㡣
һһط
㻹ûңʲôҪءл˵
Ҳûʲôǲμɭ֮ǵᣬҪһġ̲û뷨
ģ
ѵҲΪ޶
л룬Ǿ˳Ϊ
ӹһ⣬ôУʱ˵ǶʧˣǱ͵ߵģ԰
漴лͽõ޶Ĺ˵һ顣
㻹˰ԣЦ˼Ҷ˵ˣҲһʵ˻Ȼ١
ҪȥɡлЦѾѧˣЩûյҲˣֻҪڼǡ
л⻰һ˲ʧ
Ϊᣬȫ½֪ĻˣˣлȻҪ͸֪Ļ⶷ҲֶҪĶİ
ܵܣ֪ζʲô𣿡֣صĵ
֪ʲôлνĵ
̶л㻹͸ң
лЦȻҵ̽㡣
лϵĿ⣬ǿűһæŤͷ𴦣Լƽ
֪ڲʲô𣿡̺ĵ
֪ûаɡлεĲңʧı飬ӦûС
ЦС
лһ㶣ɵĿ̡
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лͷۿƺûʲôҪ̧ͷѯ̣ⲻǹעĳһϸڣɨһۣлȻסˡ
ᣬһգǵͼ
һû֣ҪĴĶࡣû뵽лôͿеİһݵͼ
ԭݶ޶ݣ滹ͼȵȣԲһľǰ㣬һ˳дġ
֪ͼʲôʵ
Ϲҵ֮ͼӦúϹйϵɡл
̵ͷûǧǰϹ壬Ϊֹ֪ʲôԭ򣬶Ϲųƴ½һ壬ĲƸĶҩȵȣϹ壬ȴ˷ЩϹҵıһصĵطͼ֮С
Ŷֲøǰȥɭ֮ˡлףص¹šص˵Ŀݵͼ
Ц֪ˣ͸𣿡
лȻͳȥĶôҪҲ̫ûƷ˰ɣο͸Ļ̽ľŮ
һ㶼Ķ̶
Ҫ˵һ㲻ĶǼٵģһ֪ʲôĵҵʵлҵ´½ҳʮлҵл˵źٺЦǽأʹлˣҽôãõЩ̰ܲܶɣ϶лһЩġ
лһЦ㳤ˡ
ұǳˣл벻֪Ҹεһ뷨أ
ʲô뷨ʵ
лһĵҪܰѽ£ҵŮˣǲǵڽϹҵĶлҵˡ
ðܹҵʱҾͬŮˡЦĵܵܰǽˮ츳ȷߵеףǽҲ٣ѾʥˣҪܽ㣬ֻڴˮඡ
ʲôˮ
˽ӿڵ
л̻ͷһһʮӣĺ˧ϹһĨ΢Цһŵĸо
һЦŶ


63  ռ
̻е˼лҲˣǰ̵׷ߣƺûкøС
Ҹ÷ӷˡ
лԼС̡
̽㣬ǽһ𣿡лץס̵ָ֣棬һʮָ档
־ٶһ㶼¼ܶ
̰лһۣһģȻҲл˼Цλһλϴ
壿лû뵽Ϊ飬뿪ɭ֮ǣһĳϡ
ù˰
˵˷ĸолһ뵽˹ΪԼزݵĶ֣ûһøС
олı仯ֹòļ˰ɣ
̣ҽһ𣿡˶ûнܵ˼ƳлʮָգǲˬȻŷȡ
лŶҽл̵ˡ

зҲ仰ĳͣһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôȻɵĿǡ
̲Ц˵ܵܰ㻹˵
ⲻǰĲӬ𡣡лٺЦɿ̵̵ֻ֣ϸϡ
˵лҪСǸͷȴһװңҪ̸߳һͷ§̣ԵñŤܺʡ
ռұˡ΢죬һڣȴûзһС˵ı顣
˸ʵץ
׷̿ʮˣԴڶʮʱ̣㾪ΪˣҪԼŮˣ׷ʮ꣬һֱûе̶֣ôȻˡ
лȥ㣬䲻󣬸ץǣлĳಢ˧޷ȡ
Ȼܸһˡ
Ǻǣ֪λСֵǸ尡ѡ˷壬˵һ۹ļ壬㲻ϴ½ļ壬ȴҲڴ½ŵϺŵӴˣ˵رһС֡
лʼ磬ǰҪ֪ҵݣ»𰡣Ҫ峤ĻһԿǸ
ϣǰϵļһ鴤˵Ѿʮ꣬ɴǶԼĳǳģŮ˵ɱܴģȻΪǰ
ջǣлȻ˵ûʸ֪Լݡ
ѵһЩϵļ壿
֪ģĹϼ崫жмǧ꣬ˣ鲼½䣬Ŀ£ֻһ˲֪ѡ
ЩɣЩ̬Ĺϼ壬ôأﷺֹ
Ŵı飬͵͵л˴Ĵָ㻹ܴͦ
Ϊ̽㣬ҿǽԼˡл
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˭ңңңǲлִݺݵһѣСӣ㻹ռұ˰
˵ľٶǼʡ
̣ĸǿǼļʡ
̾ͶԴľе㷴УεǰĴûᣬЦȻġ
ΪʲôŤ
Ҳʡ̵ĵϣҵԼҸ
˫ȭսһһֵĵ׷ʮ꣡
ʮ꣬һ湻ģлҲе㾪ȣ˿̣û̾Ȼûж
һԸҲֹһθ߹㣬ǲʣ̸ǲˬ죬Դ׷ҲǷʤ
ôһߣ׷ʵ
л״ĵⲻǷϻҵŮˣǺ߸֣˵һ̵Ҫ֤Ƶġ
˰Եľٶ̿ķһ¡
һ̶ֱǱ׷СĶԴ˰ԵĶ˷лľٶһ㲻ͬĸо
ĸӹͺ޲лˣ棬ȭ˹ȥʺ缶λʵһȭУлɡ
̫ˣ
̴ŭȭȥ
Ҫ֪̿ʥλ˸ߵļһȼĲ࣬ǿʮǧкܶ˶޷ȥġ
ŭֹлҲǺء
أ
ײһȭǴʱƺһһ˿Ѫɫȴ¶Ц⡣
ζûζһ£ɫȴǴ䣬ϲһɫĳ룬ɣ
л״ŭ嶼һȺ޳ܵ㾹Ȼġ
죡ŭȵģӣ׷ʮ꣬㶼ûۿһΣȴСˣģĸţ۲ݰҸ㡣
ֹŭлһץסлСβָɢ涾
ûԺͱһͨŮˣôô档ЦԺͱҵĽˡ
лԴ˵һ²ը
ɢ涾ľ綾֮һߣʱڣʧȥеĶͨˣλĳ޵дڣҲ޷⡣
лսȭͷ޲һȭ
Ƕ֣˲ʵ̫ˡ
Ц㲻ĳϼ𣬹ɵ㣬˭֪ɱģǲǸеڿٵʧڴѾʥ˰ɣűɣҾɽ۸ҹҪȫ½ŮҪҵĿ³лˣ


64  ɢ涾
Ȼлֱץ񣬵ȴϵĸԼҪ侲侲
Ķл
ʲôŭȵ
ˣȻҪ״Ƕʻģҧгݵĵãã㲻ϲҾ͵棬һĻҸ㣬Żһʹģ
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л뵽սȭͷҲһ汳ҲͰȫˡ
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ãԽСԽãле
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ü
һȥͷĵ־Ҫƿ̣۾ӵĿлʸ
ʺ缶ľҪ鼶̫̫߳ࡣ
һԭ˭Ҳ뵽ĴڣлƣҲֻ֪һλᡣ
һĻᡣ
ǲһɱôֻܱɱˡ
Сӡ̧־һơ
ǰ£лȻһ

ֻһζлȻʧͻأı仯̺ʹǳһôһ˲Ĵ㵡
ϾĴ̫档
лʥڴı󣬶ݺݵһػĺ󱳣Ҫһ
ֻһΡ
ǱӹĻôԴʵûκˣľ

ŭһæۼҷͬʱתлͷ
ļ̫ߣٶҲǿľˣûǰԸı֣ѡ

ٶȻǼģȻûȫ㿪лں󱳻һ˿ڣ˳תһȭȥǿûдлҲѪɳȥ
˫ʵ̫ˡ
лΨһľǽһп˵С
ģ۵죬ķˣһ˹ȥٶȣлʩչĻᶼûС
ɼлԹأѡֱǺεȷľ

ǰޱ߷ŭȻȰڴı󣬻ӶȭŴһȭ
˱仯ٴô֮⡣
ɢ涾˵Ǵޱȣߣʱ޷ʹöҶٵɢ
̾ȻԿƶ
Ϊʥĳڣ̾ǿµĴڣƴǰȥûзΪ֮Ĳࡣ
ɼˣҲ̵ȭͷմ˺󱳡
أ
ػ޲˿ըѣҲɳȥصײһʯ档
޶
лŹȻᣬֽʥ˳ȥ
ಣ
ʥڿлһߣĲ
һȭĴԴڻ㱽׶Σоˣһ
꣡
Ͼܹȫ㿪ʥնұۡ
ʥڿлһߣ»лУʥ׺ݵնȥ
Ȼ޶
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һ£ֳ
˵ĴȫҪһͺҪըһ㣬Դ˵һ£֪һһȭԭ򣬲һľ綾
޷ö
öһͨˣˣܹлɱΣһҧ˺ö
ۣ
ſھһѪǶٴλɢʱлĹѾæȥ
ۣ
δʱѾ֮ǰǿᣬк󱳡βȣնĹͷһڵϡ
ˤڵأ۽Ƴлٴӳʥﻹ˵ģֱ£ûиоϱ۵ȾʹȻȥ
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ƣǱɣŷġ
̽㡣лת̵ܵǰ
ǿһ˿ЦݣлĻС
̽㣬ôܽɢ涾лʵ
ܵġһգлᡣ
ôᣬ֪һɢ涾ʧȥԶĿƣ㷽Ųһƶ˴𡣡л
̾һ̵Ϊҩָ˵ҩָûɣ޷ɢ涾ҩָκξ綾һƵãҲǶơ
ԭˡ
лѵûһϣ𣿡
Уֻ̱첻ԡ
˭лϲ
аʦͼ³̵ȴһĨɬ
ԴˣлҲ˵ھͱŽȥ˵Ẕ̌ϡ
̿ЦסӴ˵ǧҴΪ˹ţҪ֣Ǻѵã˰ɡ
УлͲܷлᶨĵ̷£㣬ԵƬ̣ϻ
˵꣬лȱûټ
Ƭ̣лӰٴγ̵С
лһƥ׶೤׶ߵıĴ񱼶
ٶȣл죬Ķ̫޷Я̣õİ취Ȼҷϵħˡ
ȵǰ̲ŷ֣˺ۣǱлãƵû취Űġ
л̣ϡ
䣬̵۽ʼչעлûʲôռ֮ľٶǽǡ
̷ӿһĨж
ľˣüǣԸģκһ˼Ŀ¶а⣬ΨΨŵŵлǵһ
㣬аʦͼ³ĸ򣿡лʵ
ҿһ¡ĿлĻУаʦͼ³λڶϷԼǧĵطֱǰˡ
л̵С㣬ץסҵСβָܵѹɢ涾
ᡰšһսл֡
ߣлһƺݺݵڱϡ
ñ֮£ֻ໺һչٶȣǰȥ뷨ǸϿ͵Ŀĵأлħ


65  ж
ıûУٶȻһģܹʹ÷ϵħ䲻УȴܹٶȲһֱȥ
лĻԣҲܲ˶Զľ˶
л֪ǣСڰҲʩչ˷ϵħķϵħӱķϵħʹٶȸ졣
һ·ۡ
̼䣬㽫֮ǰжɽԶԶ׵ûӰˡ
ٶǴﵽ˼ޡ
лöֹ̰Ϊ۴Ŀö̲
ֺܼ򵥵С̵һСж
һϸĵĴˡ
죡죡죡
лΨһ˼
ֻȥʮȴ˵סȥ·
ΪǻʹӶŵ˹أǸСӵסлȥ·һĿޱȵĶ
£ǲǸýһŵͼ飡˹ĵ
Ҫʱлüͷһ壬뵢ʱ䣬˵ռָΨһĵͼѾˣʲô
ƨ˹ԵĽ
֮ǰǿҪͼѾлһӻ̵ҪץʱУټ˿໰ֱײĵŲţǵ飬ûʱġ
˹һûпڡ
ǽӼ״ӸˣָлСӣҲʲôˣýͼȻĻݹǲ
˵Ǿǵͼлץס˱ʥ
ûнʥռָ;ַܹģ۶˹صˡ
֮ǰɵĻΪʵǿ
Ѿ鼶λ磬ʵǣֻһ֣»ᱻģ̽ǳ
ƨ֪ȥ
죡˹ؼæϽӣɲϣ±ȥֻϧ֪Ƕлɵġ
Ҳһ㣬͡
лٴǵͼռָΨһĵͼǲţҲû취Ҫʱ䡣
ʱ䣿ǸʱȥŮ˰ɡɫԵĿһ̣ǸŮƯҿöˡ
˹أǻʹӶŵ𣿡лŭ
˹صĵֻҪ㽻ĵͼһж˵Ҳ赲ȥ·˵ݵͼõĶ
˵һ飬Ǿǵͼлĵߣ
ǰȥ
ߣûôסӺлһ࣬̽ץ̱ظи䡣
ĻʹӶŵҲγɰΧȦ

лŭˣ˳һȭ˹ȥ
ǽһ֣˳ȥ
£ǽɡ˹ص
лɱ֣ΪֻǲǾʱѡ
ӴЦ֪Сӣ
ҲЦ
˹Ҳ¶һĨ֮⣬˫ֵлûнл

лۼˣ֪˵ǲˣΨжְ֣γʥ˳ȥ
һֱ޶еԶ
ಣ
ʥһ⣬ڳ֮ʶľͱ۾ǽӦûüͱʥնԴ
ʥһȦ»صлС
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ֵǣɱ
尡
Щ˹صӶǷ׷״ųɱȥ
˹Ҳŭİγɱл
лһ߱Ϻȵߡ
˹ؿȵ֮ǰֻǿᣬɱÿϧ㻹ΪԼ˲𡣡
ӿѵĶӣɱν
ŭ˹ػӽȥ
ս޶
лһⶸ֣ҺХĵǱŭ˹شһϽӽֵ

ǿǵ⣬˹صֱȴһ飬ͷ֪ǰ겻ǡ
лʱ䣬һһ־Ǳɱ
ȭ֮˭
ֻȭĵлٴ
𣡡
һĹӰƾճ֣Хųȥ
˹ǿֵлһ˿ֱлٶ̫죬ʱֻûӽֵ
꣡
ǽ飬ǿײǰҽһɳȥжϽҲˡ
ˢ
Ǳȫܳ
ǷϵħޣٶȻþˣɶ㿪˵ĹֱӴܵ˹صǰ
˹ػѪС
лƽǰһ£ѪŽУ˹رһΣ˿״ޱȡ
֮лҪá
Ϊûʱ
ӶʱȫߴٱһӴӶͷϴܹȥ۶ȥ赲Ļᡣ
лʥʡ
ǿǻʹӶŵˣɱˣͲ»ʹӶűЦǺǵ˵
ҵġл
лƵӣ̸олеİлʶһкȴˡ
֮ǰԴʱӵȫԶ뿪ȴѡ񲻹ĹΪʹӶţһۺ񱳾˵Ҳˣлı̫ˣҲһڴ½ϸϵεлҶѣ˾͸̸жˡ
οɲСжˡ
ǧбƴıܣҲֱڶ峿ǲŸϵаʦͼ³ڵɽ⡣


66  ޳
аʦͼ³סлüվ棬ܹᵽһɺŵζɽĵ桢ɽʯľȻͳͳǺɫġ
ҩʦƾĵҩɱ˵ĶҩЩƮǶҩʦɽⶼǾ綾
ҩָȻܹѹɢ涾лҩָϾŸոձɫ˿Ѿ˼ˡ
ûж֧֣һҹ߲ݣ˵Ҳ൱ƣġ
лӱ̱ϣ۵Ŀſµı״໺һܵûӰˣﻹҴ
ɽζʮš
аʦͼ³ǸսǶ˫ڴ½ǵ֮һлȥ
ԽߣлͷһЩСֵԽ࣬ҩָûжҿ
л˴ʮףվΣлаʦǰ

ɽڴŭ
аʦǰл

ǳļ
лܾʹɴֱȥԶԶر㿴һͷߴһ£ڵϣǱаʦͼ³лǰһ̽㣬ҶȻк񱨡
˵ҹаʦͼ³ụ̆۹ɫ仯ȴһа⣬æǿԵġ
лһ٣ɫЩѿ
ƽû˿ı仯ƺ֮С
֮⣬һлû뵽֪аʦͼ³սǿȴû뵽ֻǸ߼λ磬ʵɼĶɾͶôĿ¡
ǰæʲôҪһ㡣лæ˵Ψһϣ
аʦͼ³һ¶Ĵϵ۹ϣݵ˼㣬ܶںڵĻԵøĿֲɭ
Ҫұۣаʦͼ³ڵ
аʦͼ³Ҫܶණʲôҡҩ֮ģлôû뵽ȻҪԼһֱۡ
леһ˿ŭ
ǲӦ̱ؽɷˡ
˶һżǿʵż츳˵ܣл뵽˸лǬ
һлǬѣͽɷˡ
ѵҪҿ̽ɷлﷺһ˿ᶨóʥ֣ãҸұۣԾ̽㣡
ɢ֮ѣַȣһְ취̽㲻ʵͣͻơаʦͼ³ȻԼĶŷǳߵš
ã
лӵն
Ҫʼնڿţ֪Ϊʲô뿴лΪһֱ۵Ĵۡ
ķȴӿһɿϲ
ϲ̶еĪæֱסлĸ첲ҲҲϱۡ
ˣˣһֱѪܵģĶġͼ³״ڰֻ֣뿼鿼㡣
ô˵Ӧ̽ⶾˣлϲ
ͼ³ٺЦûС
㣡лŭȳ뵽ͼ³Ψһϣǿŭ𣬡ͬ⣿
һͼ³ϳһöҩ衣
ұɢ֮ͼ³ٺЦ
Уȴɫ䣬Ǹʴ֮һãûнҩĻؽȫöޱȡ
Ȼϳʴ֮ͼ³ԸоȣŸʴ֮裬ã
̼ĵԣ
һãôлڰͼ³УҲܻΪ޷֮
֪Լӵҩָ˵л֪ҩָڻ޷ͼ³־綾࿹⡣
л̽ץ˸ʴ֮裬Ҫ˵㻰
ԣȥᡣ
ֻһͨ˵ܹ
лֽʴ֮С
ɵϣ
رסлһҧлļͷϣл˵ʲô
˺ã˺ð㲻ԣɱҲ練Ƶġаʦͼ³ٺЦ
лаʦæⶾлм
û⣬ǰһСаʦͼ³Ц
Ĺƨ
лʱðɣǰһץסаʦͼ³졣
Ҳ̫ˡ
ôû뵽аʦͼ³Ȼ޳ܵ뵽ɢ֮ѾίˣȻ˵Ҫ
ָ֪մͼ³죬ĸо㴫ˣлæ֣Сβָ΢΢һһ֮ϣ̼佫Ǿ綾Ƴ⡣
Ҫŭҡͼ³ٺЦóһᣬûУһֽⶾ֮Խⶾʵͻơ˵׸̣ƺԶһ˽⣬Լɡ
̴򿪾һ
ⷽ൱ߵĳɾͣһ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ûȷ԰ңͻƣҲԲͬģһ½ڵϡ
ٺ٣ɲǡͼ³Ц߽һоҪҵģҲҪҵͷðаĹâǾɨɨȥ椶ҶаûŮˡ
лɭĵŲڱɱ㣡
ƾ㣿˵ҵĶûзøʴ֮Ҳܾ֮佫㶾ͼ³ңɢ֮Ȼ֮ʱѹƣҲһ죬һ֮󣬲ܾΣؽɷˣûңнⶾ֮Ҳû취ûлԣھ͵ڷһ
Ļлͷ۵ĵط
ǽⶾ֮ǰƫƫûлԡ
ԹԵɣҶŶУҲ˵ģٺ٣Ưˣһúġͼ³Ц
ŭ
ŭŭȴ޴
л챻ը˷Ρ
ãͬ㣬ͻȻڵ
Улȵ
лһ£¶һĨܰЦݣܵ㣬޺
ø˰ͼ³ֻĵ
л˫ĿĶŰͼ³Ҫɱˣ
ɱң㲻УˣҲУҪĻˡаʦͼ³
°͸°͸°͡
߬ȭͷлҪѵȭջɱаʦͼ³
ȻԳҲͷͼ³ȻԼһףƲƲ죬ǳ֮ɫָһ
леһ鴫ȫ
ж
˶леȫ飬κԡ
аʦͼ³ŭлȴûз֣һһŭˣء
Сף


67  ҩָ֮ޱ
ŭСڵ۾ڷһĨɫĻ⣬ϵëɭɭĶŵаʦͼ³
аʦͼ³ĶܹӵҩָлһӶСһоûС
ͼ³쵰лҲ̲ס԰ͼ³ŭƿڴΪʲôɢ涾Ϊŵļװˣаʦͼ³ıֽ֣ǿڵĸоˡ
аʦͼ³Цûһҵ˻ŵġָһҪһ־綾
ҸƴˣлҲ޷ͣ͸еȫܹסˤѾǼˡ
ѽ
СȻֱӱĵ̵ͷϷ
ŭСſھһ׵硣
ϵħ
Ҫ˵аʦͼ³ҲǵùûС׵ĴڣҲѹ֣ˣǱʵʵ޵úܣǶҲܴﵽһ߶ȣҲֲܷлġ
׵аͼ³Դ

ͼ³ȫԣһӱˤڵϡ
ѽ
ϵħ
һƬǵصȥһӱȼ˰ͼ³ͷ·һˡ
ɰͼ³ϾһʦָһҪһ涾Сףһ˻ħޡ
һ׵ȥ
ͼ³ٴβҽ
ͬʱлеĸоѾʧ˺ܴһ֣ףӦҩָá
Ȼҩָڻʱ򣬿ȻõģֻȥٶҪĶࡣ
лɴץסʥֱ˳ȥ
ʥ֮󣬻һ˳ȥ
ͼ³һ˱С׵ħҪͬʱǱлµĸʴ֮衣
ۣ
սͼ³һȥĸֵһᡣ
ǷʥƴץȥԸһֻҲҪʥޱȣδѾʥᴩࡣ
㣬Ҳˡͼ³ˤ
лһ˵ɣ
ͼ³һлŵľȻǸʴ֮裬ʱԲҲİ
һ
лʲôǰγʥͼ³Դ˲ŷġ
ܵܣûԣ̽ıл뿪һ
лЦЦٻе£ȷûԣʱֻǽҩжѣǺܵĻᱻͼ³ֵġ
СףɵòлЦ
ѽ
С׵Լظ
ֻ˵仰ʱ䣬ͷаʦͼ³ʬȻڻܿͻΪŧˮ
㡣лǼνɢ涾һʵľᣬЦ
ûлԣȴͬһͨˣѾϵѾһҹʱ䣬鲻ʱˣҵҩʦ̵ĶҲʧ֪ˡ
һܹȽġָлգ㲻ܾȺý㣬ˣһӰɡ
лһκýģ
ѽ
С׽ݸлһ
лӹһⲻǰͼ³Ǹţǿռ
ռƶûУҲǣаʦͼ³ʲôԼֻм磬½Ҳûá
򿪿ռһлЦ޾֮·˷ܵĴΧûзŶĵطǶ֮ģԿռڵĶûʲôôڲԶиɽ˹ȥ
һɽ㴫һŨ
ȥɽȻһͨȥȻһŽأСˮɾĴڡ
Ҳ٣һĻ뵽ǰǺᣬӣл̲סһֿڡ
ҲЩĿɿڴ
ɫʵ̫ˡ
ҩָڣжȻзӦģǣ˴κξ綾һɾĵطͤӣϪˮл԰ħޡ
ͬξ㡣
˼飬Ȼаʦͼ³סĵ
ͼ³Ǻܻܵġлһͤڣ̷ʯ档
ʯڷһЩ̶ɵľƺƱÿƺǣ洫Ũľ㣬Ƣ
Ǵ˵еξƣת綾ġ̵Ϸһ˿Ц⣬ѹְͼ³ʬữΪŧˮذͼ³һо϶ԹĶҩ˵һˣԲɾĵطԼξƣʵڽϵľ綾ģȻһЦȴǡ
ǽݣԲ԰ףǰٻӳУȴ˵Ķǣǵлһʱˡ
ֵ˵лĶͷɵ
лһ죬ϽռڵĶͳͳó˵ͼ³Ŀռռ仹ǷǳӴģҪлĿռָʮֹ
Ҷ֥ǧѪźݡ˷ܵץסлĸ첲ܵܣˣЩԿҩָ츲صĴ仯ġ
лҲܼǰ޷ɢ涾Ҳӳˣհͼ³ݣ㲻ԽⶾͻƵġ
ĿԣͬʱЦˡ
ΪԷģԼ
һֱӡ
Ŀ
лȥʱһ̵㴫Ƣﲻӿһɳ嶯Ҫӵڻеĳ嶯
ͷһðͷ׳
ļһ¡̿лļͷǾøҿԱһ£ЩǷ㹻ҩ衣
лù򿪣̵ǰ
ˣͲ֪§Ž㿴Ťûĵ
ѹһ۰չᣬŵǰͺܲʵģл§̣뷨һ˵ٴ궯
ص̵ĶУ͵͵һЦɵСӣ컹ռұˣȴˣû
лӵţһһա
Ա֮ü𣬡һҶݣһ»»Ҫɷ֮һ
лüͷһ壬΢һ˵㣬ɣȽҩָˣӦܹҩָõһηԾģ䲻ܽⶾӦÿѹƺܳʱģȻȥѰ
㶼ġ
л㿪ʼҩָ
˵ͼ³ݣҲ֪ܱռĶǶ˵ǼƷʥƷˡ
лգͼСβָʼ˵ı仯
ԭֻǵɫģǷǳ΢ĵɫıɻɫѾǴˣЩݻ˲һ롣
ܿɫ˽ɫ
һЩݡ
ɫ˽ɫ
㣬˵ҩָﵽʲô̶ˣл޼
ЦԴǧǰһҩƵ촴ҩָл֮ˣӽɹҲ̶ˡ
ӽɹҩָ
ǺεȵĿ¡
лп࣬λᣬͿЩʥƷݣҲһӶܴﵽ̶ȣȴϣΪڶ޳ҩָ֮ˡ
㣬ھһҩָɢ涾ðɡлЦŽСβָݵ̵ǰ
ǷɫâСβ̶ָлһЦſ㴽һںסָ
㡭
лһ
˵һĨĹ⣬գգ۾Сһлָ
л͸е˫֮˲ֱ
ֱָ̡
лʱˣ΢΢һƣҪΣʱɽһذݼͼ³ʦ


68  ص
ôɰɣ
лĵһӦԹҲǺˣԹصܹġ
Ҽ氡
ֻлȴԵúǱ
˵ؿܻĸ֣ϱ׹µĴֻ֮йһˣ֪֮ٴԹأҲһ㲻ĻᶼûС
ͼ³ʦ
ٴص
ô죿
лüͷΣģߣлطҪǻɻԣ·
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Цŵ˵ͷҲû˵ʲô
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ȫƤڣһ鴤Ƭ֮ûϢ忪ʼڣΪŧˮ
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ôһ仰лĵһҺβûҪҶݺ»ɣҶݣ궾Ĳݣ»ҿԭǡ
Щ˶Ĳݣ⣬ҩģǶʦҪãһҩʦֵ
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69  
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һԸȺл֪Լ֪ʶʵѷģҲлռЩ鼮벩Ⱥ黹൱Ĳ࣬ĻеǶϲʲô
ϻʶĶͶҵˡл˵е⣬ƺܺҵθڰ
֪ܹаʦͼ³ĶȻҩʦҪĶйϵԲŻ˵
ЦʦӦ˵˿ɣ
û˵
лüëһ۾ǰ˿ȻֻǴδǸö
лı飬Цˣ͸ʦġ
ţáл߹ȥֽӹ˰˿˵ⶫòǱȸոյİͼ³ЩʥƷĶҪ߰ɣѵƷ˵ʲô𣿡
˵аʦͼ³εĹţβҲҪͳȥʲô²Ϊ⣬ģ˵ʦһĪ

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ле¡

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ҵ˷ܣȴЩɵĿлٵܹ˵ﵽİ꣬ô͸Լˣ
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70  ʹӶŵ
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ãðл֮ǰȴôҲ޷ﲻɵĺݺݵıԼ
㱧Žϣ㷽ſɶǿһЩŶ˵Ǹ¼ģҶ֪̿лļϣ˵κ˶Ҫǿҳ嶯⡣

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Сҳƨˡ
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лԺЦǳ˴ۻᰡлΪ̣ɱ˻ʹӶŵˣҲ֪ڻʹӶ֪ûС
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ĻʹӶӶȻˣ㶼˽Ϊ׵һʮӣĿ࣬䲻
лһˣֹô˹ôǲʲôϵɣǿɾˡ


71  ɽ
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ʹӶάɪʦĵ
л䵭Ķ
лͬ߸һ㣬ûЩ˷ָоʮ̶ֵлȻȻɢȡ
ʦҵȿʦʩչųάɪҲ˵аʦͼ³ĹԸ˵䣬óһһɾ⣬ʦ¡
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а֣ΨһΪƷ
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곤һ磬ǧſʢʢǾƷΪҩٵҩ֪ģΪٵ֮ˣ
лƳһ۹һ˵ô֡
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лʹӶţվǰһӣɫ԰׵һϣ˫ûˣƺڰ״̬
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Ӷſɲͬ壬Ĳ˵ڵ̷Ͳö࣬Ͼʱޣοܻ۴ʥƷء
ȥҰɣȸĵҩл
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˹ǰȻòﵢʦʱ䣬һȺ⵰װ
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أˣһսάɪ˵꣬߳ɽȡ
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ЦԹߵҩʦеĿռָû뷨ˣӦûкܶʥƷء
лʼ磬Ҫ˵û뷨ǼٵģҲ˲̫̰ˣ̰Ľᵹùġ
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ҪȥЩɢ涾඾л
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ͻ֮󣬱ڽɽӦÿġЦóЩҩָ
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ЦԭҶҩָ֪̫ǳʱΪҩָɫﵽ֮󣬾Ӧûָڿô£㿴ûУɫڱ䵭Ҳ˵Ҫָ״̬ҲҪͬʥƷӽɫһɫġ
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72  
̱չˡ
ǾᣬԼĸƷһɽǸɽлأɽĴڣаʦͼ³ƵЩ綾ĵȣлҲ̣ϾǶûãΪҩʦǶҩҲǺаģĺô
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죬Ҫչʮ죬һǳȥɡлͷһ̱չصĵط΢ʰһ£ӽɽ
СҲ»ָɰӣлߡ
һһ޴ӽɽڸѰħ޼սлף;ǲϵս
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76  
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77  л
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ˣֻҪ㲻ٴű裬Ҿллˡлڰ֡
һЦ֮ǿ裬ٿлСʵ׷裬ҪĿǻ룬õָһҵĶ
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78  
л˳ԾӣЦȻҲһ壬ڶ滹ǷǳȱʧģҸĶ𲢲ܸߣҲΪˣҲŴС־ΪҶĶʦġ
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лЦԺлĻ㼸ɡȻĵΪָȥ׷Ůˡ
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ǺڷŵĻô޵۹Ҫ飬Ҳ뵽ץסӵĻǺڷһСţһػӵһְ취
лӴ裬㿴ǷҪȥڷſ
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ҾĻǲȫţҲܲţ˲ںڷŵĻǾлȳӣȥڷסһԼͷ˵Լ뷨
лͷҲд⡣


79  ٵ
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лӣʱ衢弸Ӧҵ˰ɣǸЦ㻹ͦģҸտʼˣʵǡٵģ


80  չ
˹ûзŭֻ˫ĿɭɭĶлٴóǹǵĺǹɢ˲
ӪȻӵİɣ˹һл⡣
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ʯӵѣЯŵת֮޷ãҲ˹ͣоʯ϶ǿȡ
֪лĿģ˹Ҳٶԣһǹǹ⣬·裬л
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һΣƽ̤һ㣬Ȼһһڿն𣬶㿪ǹб̶

л޲ѡ
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˹ſڱһε⻷γɣεĲΧȴʮֵĹ㷺Ҳ޷㿪õɳȥ»ع鵽˵ߡ
֮˹첽ǰȥ
˹Ҳת
γǰл֮ơ
лվм䡣
طеļսͣ˵Ŀⶼй
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81  ɱս
ʤܽغű˴˵İΣ
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֮磬˼壬ǾˮĴڡ
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87  һƼʻ᡾һ
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ᵽлǶ˹һ˿Ц⣬˵л峤϶ᴫ˹ǸҵĽǰҸôлء
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88  һƼʻ᡾
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ЩѵľӶлһֱɱС
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ͷ۵ĿɲǸǶ˹۾ЦǺµлٱǸŮˣû취˭лϲأȻඣ˵ĿɲǱС㰡Ҳûǵ
ص˵ĸòǸСħɣ´л˵ϲŰѲСǸŰ񣿡


90  һƼʻ᡾ġ
Ű񣿹ҵûѽǶ˹Ц˵أҪû࣬ҪûݣҪλûλģôǸСħأȻ˶ħлҲɧţԭǸŰ񰡡
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91  ʳޡľһ
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92  ʳޡľ
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93  ʳޡľ
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ʲô㣬Ȼˣҿһ˽ȥɡ峰Ū
Ŀע£˹ѣܱܲЦɣһҧᵶȥ
ˢ
ղͿлȻ۾
˹ۿлһ˴Ƕ˹͵ֵģŵɫ΢䣬Ͻ𳤵СĽ䱸
ȴ֪лΣͷδͻƣܲôš


95  ˭
ǷڵĶڳ鼶ڼ֮ƿֻҪؿлڼľ硣
ɾΣͷ˹ȴƻ
лǰ棬˹˵ĶһԵĻϲڿԱıʧ֮ˡ
˹㲻Ǻ˰ɣɱ֮𣬵˾ǰҪǲҶֵĻͽˡǶ˹õ˹˵İʾϽ
ҲЦһС
Χ˺ôЦ
Ѽϼܵ˹һģٵҪչ
ء
лȻ١
ڿɸûӦ
ѽ
Σʱ̣һӰȺСףСצһӶһĨϹ
Ϊл֮ǰǿ˹ȫ˼лϣ뵽ðôһС
뵽޾Ȼħ
žžž
С׷һ׵˹˫֮䡣
Ӵˡ
˹ɲֱУﻹᶯ֡
СҲСףʱðɣСʧȥ˽ľذױҪ֡
Ӱζ
һԣĶŵʲô
СײһĻС
ҪɱСòҪ֡ĵ˾µҿɲ¡
ۼǿƣ˹һ˿Ц⣬Ƕ˹ʹɫ
Ƕ˹ȵҳ壬ʳʬͽľءҲǵһȥ
ԵķԼͬеʿҲ
Ҳʮˣһɱȥ
ǷٵĿл
Ƕ˹ЦڲǰлɱͿлһһˡ
ӿٶȡ
Ҳȫǰ
˵۾ضлĿռָ
ĿЩˣл侲ûõģı۾ȫڶ棬ȫĳƿ
󼶱ĳ̣ɲͬС
һڵλ仯ƲѣЩһ磬󼶱ɷǳѵƿبǰġ
ŲԽԽ
лҲԽԽ꣬ûʲôšġµңһз·޹һ㡣
ǶѸٵƿ͵ĳ
ડ
Ƕ˹첽ǰҲĽԶӿȥʹɢһĨ۵Ľ⡣
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֣ȴסˡ
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л׵ʱǶ˹Ȼǹ䶷лͷݺݵնȥ
һ£̶졣
лԾȵԾȫٵĵĹؿƺǶ˹ֲûע⡣
ٵ䡣
˵Ķ궯һֵַ£ǵҲһֵַ
Ψлһ
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лĶҲƵȫ
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һУȫǰɫԲ͡
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أ
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˽ľ룬ǽǶ˹ʿûзӦ
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лڵվǰȥһɾ˵ƴϵγεѹ
ǰһ
붴֮˱㵹һ
Ĳ࣬Ǹܡ
һһˣɽڵ˶˳лЩǶ˹Ȼû
ǰѾ飬ǳֳһѺ۵Ľ˿⬼ס
СɵòлֵһС׵ıӡ
ѽС¶ԻЦݡ
лǰɨֳˣ˭ҪʳޡľԼáһʥ֣Ҫѵ
湻ģȻǴҷ˹ѾˣϾС׵ϵħޡ
лƲƲ죬û
һ˹ȵ
֮ǰһֱûӦ˹ľٶȴͬĻڣһǰ
ɥǶ˹˹ˡҲǰһ
ʿصҲ׷ǰ
ߴһĸ֣γɰΧȦһл
裬˺󡣡лͷ
֪鼶λľȷﲻʲôæֻܰԷһҪӱŬҪСİ
лЦҲ޷
ڰ˴мıҲС˺˷׷׺ˣóһĿռ䡣
˶ɴ۾
еһս߰һٮٮߡ


96  ˭
Ũصɱ֮ܡ
һЩΪĶ޷͸벻˶У˴ֵɷǾ֮
һսߣߣ˵ߵ
Դˣлӡ󣬾ٶȣ
ٶǷǳ˵ġ
۶лδͻ֮ǰҲǶ֣ţлЩȣһʼһαһչֳ˵ٶȣ˸޷ȷٶȵж졣
Ӱɱ
ҽбǰһһ㣬̰бܳƮƮģûһƵģң׽
ٴչֳԻõĲ
ɱУϣ˵ޱȣ˹ˡ˹Ը֮Ҳ¶һĨȡ
ﵽڼ磬л˵Ƿһʱ䡣
˶鼶ˣȫҲӵĶһ۱㿴ƵԻòİ漴ǰһ
ʥƿն
ͬٶȣðӰС

УԻðӰȻʵذױʥУһ޲߰˲¶Ȼ֮ɫôܣôܣĶȻȷǿһ࣬ҾȻ޷⣬ô£
㣡
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ȴ˹˺ʿ˹ȶһƬʿȴǹһǰȥ
лԺиֵԻòĲӡ
ǲӵһҪյĳ嶯ģŵӣбǰһƱʿȴǽżһ㣬̰ķ˹ˣҲ㿪˵Ĺ
ܣʿ״ͬʱе
˹Ҳ¶֮ɫ
ѧ
Щһٮٮ˵ҪѧǺܿģѧϰóĲǺ֣˵û˽̵˴ڵĻҲһʱѧġ
лȻѧʩչԻðĲ
Ǿ㤡
ɱһϣ˹ȵ
лɱ֮𣬴˿̼лչֳ˳׵츳ԷĶҪ
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𣡡
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ȴʿٻڷųħԳ
ħԳսսѵʿѡ񣬶ҾħԳзǳǿħһħãȴħŵģܹħ޵ǰ
ʿڿԾھħԳϣߴɱȥ
һʱߴͳͳ֡
лȴǿҲˣֻ˹ˣҪɱˣ̣һ⺮
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ಡ
ⱬȥ
ƣ
лϺȵʥһƬɫĵ⣬ſ͵磬Щ飬ǿ룬һ£˹ɫ΢䣬ٶѾ㹻֧뿪ȥֻóֵֿ
꣡
һȶѡ

һȴڵȻϰٵ룬ģضǡ
ݡ
䡭
һֵܼĹҵѵ
лֻ÷׷ɱ˹ˣʥ񵲣ѹʿĳǹʿ̱һĵһ
ಣ
Ƿ֮лûеֵǽǰڿն𣬷һ߰׸ߵľʯ֮ϡ
߹ա
Ҫɱˣлĵ
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˵ΧҲǱˣһҲ̫˰ɣ
˼ҿߴְ˵ɱ˾ɱ˰
磬һﻹ湻ġԶһСɽͷϣһʮӥЦе˵ʵԡ
վһһüźɫͼˣĵʵ˵⣬ٶȲǹؼݵ飬֮ǰ޷Ϊֹʱ꣬Ǳܴ󡣡
ӥӵЦǱǹ˵УǵˣξȻ֪ߵغսˣܻܲ˵
ȷһ˶Կˣûʤ㡣üĺӵҪԶִˡ
ʱ
лȻӾʯϷɱ
˭
ƿգء
̺ʥ֮ϣûбȥ˵һһߴ֡
ڼ磬ȫ汬ƾˡ
ߴȫ
䡭
濹⡣
ұըУߴȫƺߵһл˿еʥ˳ȥ
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֣˽Ծ
˭Ҳû뵽лȻ˵Ĺǲǳû֣һĲҽд
ԻʹӶŵ˹ͷɫâ壬â¹лС

һ
Χ߽Ծ
лȴͣһǸغͷ˵ǰʥɨһĶ쭶
ŵð˲󣬾͵һһ٣лʿǶ˹һ
ս֮޶
һ
ֻó࿹
лƮ㿪˹˵ĹǾħԳǰ
𣡡
ħԳ
лۺɨ
߰˰ٽصľħԳͬߵķݣɳȥҪ֪лĻڿشǧʯ
һӣˡ
ֻ˻ˣ̼䡣
лǽ̬ı֣˵ЩΧߣԶĿԣǰһС
˹ˣ
лȻתߴΨһûܵһ˹ˣΪɱ֮ˡ
ȶϣ˹׵ʣµİأһĨ

һС
ɷɭȻ˹һ˿ŪЦ⡣
ѿڽеʥ
ʥʥеٮٮߡ
ҲƷ֣֮Բ˵ȫ½ҲҲʥУûʲôʥȴǹϵܹʥŽǰģΪʥնϹһʥ
ʥվ涴ء˹˼ٵһĻ
䣡


97  VSɫ硾һ
л˹Ʋɽ¶ˮļһﵱһԴҲδ뵽һȻʵ
ӵʥѾʧ䡣
䣬Իһʱʦյһ䣬ľΣʱ֪֮١

лһʮס
ֻںܶ鼮пĴڣȴ֪ϸΣҪƽ⣬ѵİ취ֹʩչ
ҸƴˣǶ˹
ɷصȴץűûж֡
Ϊлûˡ
֮涴ػߣ˹ٶ˼򵥵ʥбָ񷣬Ȼ£Ϻȵػߣ
ˡ
ڲ
ɽҡΡ
˶ĶģûܹվΣӴӵ´ʩչлҲôӵ·ɳ
Ӱӵð
ףͨɫУֳֳ޸ľˣǱٻ涴ػߡ
ɱ˹˺ȵ
Ĵ涴ػ߹ХУӶ޸л͵Ĺ
л߿ռ½֮˳ǰȥ죬ȴصλñһӸըѿ
һ档
˹˵ʥȻ¡
ಣ
лȷ˳ȴ˹˱ȵģΪδݳȥ
ðлһ涴ػߵıһն
أ
ʥػ䲱ȴƵ
涴ػ߲лȴ˫۷顣
׾ͱƵġ˹Ц
Ĵ涴ػŭΧ
лתŲԺвϵβܹǣ׼ʱֱ𹥻Ĵ涴ػߵ˫š˫ȡɡ˫ۡͷȴǺЧ
䣡
޸䡣
лһܿڶѳ޸ȴ̶޸ҲǸ°㣬κλᡣ
Ĵ涴ػ֮Ĭͬһˡ
ಣಣ
лܣ㿪ı޸ȴϵûжȫһն


лһתεض𣬷һţ涴ػߵ沿ػһͷͷ࿹
أ
һصȥ
涴ػһлǰȥ
ס˹˶Ϻȵ
涴ػȫ
лЦһȻء

Ĵ涴ػ߱ðֻգ۵ĹҵѶݳҡ
ǽսѾǳֵٶȡ
ݳ棬ٴڿԾ
һԾס
˹ˣӵлҵĴ涴ػߵĹΧ
ã˹˾ŵ
лʩչ䣬ȫ
ӵն¡
ŵ˹ͻȻ¶Цݣһʥ
ˡ
Ĵ涴ػȻʧ
ʥ֮ȴĳһĨɫĹΣ˹˵ıҲֵƺһʮ׸ߵĳ˳֣Ĵ涴ػ߼ơ
ȥɣ˹Цʥȫ
ʥVSʥ߱޿ɱܡ

лȫһ·һ޷ݵİʥ洫ݳ˸ֱ۷飬ץסʥһһѪǿѪĳ嶯󵹷ɳȥ
˹ȴֻǵһѡ
ˣҲ˹˵һʩչ䰡
ܵס佣лҲˣ˹ɱ㣬лҲǳֱɱ֮ġ
佣̫ˣлֵסǾζһԼλã
˹˲ȥˡ
ЩΧҲ¶ݣڴ½ϣһ仰ְҵǿֻиߵͣΨʦһġ
νһģǾֻҪʦǿ˼
ʦְҵԻ͵ʱʦҲٵĿڽ˿УҲֻüǧݣְҵҲǼ
ʦ
䲻֪ιʣʦؾʧȴҲ˶ףʦĿ£ǰλ˹һʦ
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ӵȷˣʥԼʩչ䣬ܹʩչĵʤɡ
лĻҲֻǰʥҪץľͺˣ㿴ĶһƺǷǳǿġӥӲĽ֮ɫ
㶼ĽĶһǵһ˵ЦĿռָӦһֶľɣǵĵ飬С֮ǰĶûô࣬Ҫֵ֣ܾͷ˰ɡ
ӥ۶ʱˣðҶȲ뿴Сȥˡ
Ц޷䣬ɣ
ɱ˹ٴξʥ
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һĨɫĹȻؼ䡣
·һվڸ߿գһ޴ƣƺܹɽ飬εѹ˸еϢ
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䣡
ɫɫֹâ
ǿıը
лûסΣըѵɫٴγһϸСĽ⣬Хƿ
ػл
лɳȥصˤڵء
磬ȥֶɣʳ޵ʬ壬ľʥ̫ˡӥ˷ܵص
Цŵһͷ
˴Զ
пڲԶȻĿ˵зһĨ⣬лľһ鴤
£ҡ˹Ц
ء
ͬһѷĸֵƻл壬ٶޱȣ̼ɱλá
˵ĸ
һ౻ƻôлɡ
ǿĳ棬ȴ˵֡ɫԲ
ɫԲǳȤĪʲôлҲ
ƻһʱ̼ɫԲ
ɫԲԵɫŵĳɫ˲ͽ
ɫɲǼתл߾ĵĶҲٵĻָٴλع飬лվ


98  VSɫ硾
վлŤŤӣ塣

Ǿ׵ʥһץ
ʥ΢΢εضֱӷС
һĨɫĵ˲лʥڣʥ·̼ܵ㣬ҵز


𡭡
л͵չ֫쳤Х
ɫлһصţҷ˲䲨ҵ趯ըԵĳɫĵš
ĳɫ硣
Ӱ͵طںɵ磬Ϊڻ֮ѣȴΪ磬֮ĸ͡
̫˧ˣ
˧ˣ
Χ۵вŮӣлǿе²
忴ƲһҲ̫ṴŮ˰ɣʵ̫ɧˣȴһѪӡȴǷΪ̫ģµսȭͷָġ
Ľɣ֪ʱ޿˳Աߡ
ɶʱҲⱬЦ˼ҶˣҼʰ
ǲԶվŵ޿˴սٻغϣδʤĵð֣ѣѣǳѣ
𼴱ɵĳɫ׵ɫԲڳлоԼ·ܹһȭյĿŸС
û˺
ʥǷɫĵλһɫĵٵȥͬһһ㡣
ϵ磡
Ұ˹¶ɫˮܹ俹ڣֲ࣬½أˮںڣΪ˵еĺӵУν硢ס⡢ȣҲֻƲڣȴδ˵õû뵽лȻܹӵס
֮˹ˣ֮л
һؼͬĿֲ
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ףǿ
Զս֮޶
վлһֱǶɱУ
ʥХɳһߣɫĺâɫĹΣתҲ˹ʮ㣬۾һĨɫĺ⣬Ƿʥ켣Уܹɲ׽
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˹˵ʥȫα֮ǰһʹҪ͵Ķ࣬Ҳ˺֣
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濹ס
໥
˹ЦһһʥʹɾҪжʥ̺ȡʥ
ʥ
ಣ
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쬵ĵ˹˾һ亹
û뵽лĵ˾ڰһЩϡŹֵϵ׵ȣҲԣȴδĵ
ʥһȦʥɻȥ»عлС
֣˳
ս֮޶
һ֣ͬ֡

죬˹ǿȴ޷ӳ˱ƴĻ˹˸С
лռϷ磬ǲᡣ

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ಣ
˹˵Ǿʧһ˲䣬ͬʱƶ㿪лĹͬʱϷһĨɫĹâ
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ݣ
˺һĿռ䡣
һɫĹǿռڱʥ֮ϣٵӵ˹˵ϡ
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գĿ񻯺ưɡ
յĵеƣȻ䣬϶źܴĲͬ˫ĿĶ˹ˣƵĶܹһ㾫衣
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лҲûбʩչʺϷõĶ
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ӵ֪
ӥҲӣ֮ǰĵģʼ϶лҰܣ˭֪ʧ󣬴˴ҲֻܿЦҲˡ
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䣡
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涴ػߣ˹û뵽ʹþˣõ֮֮ļעȻҲֻǺײ£ɵôΪ𾪡
֪л׿ɲ׵γɵģںģ˻׵ص㣬Զһܱġ
ˡ
ز
涴ػߴӵվ
õ֮ļӳ֣˹˵Ҳõٻ涴ػߵҲӡ


99  VSɫ硾
涴ػлԹ˿ͷۻĲǿȥ㱻˹˸ûɵٴοⶫл顣
涴ػ֣߳ʥն˳ȥ
ɫĵ±䡣
أ
졣
涴ػߵʱɫĵ֣ɫĹâϵɢ䵽ܡ
ɫâĴɢ䣬׸ߵҲڷٵС

˹ҲһʹĽȹأʥ棬һĨѪʥ
ʥ㣬˵Ĺ졣
ƣ
лֽʥ¡
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ʥҲѪȾˡ
ҵģ˹ĵ
лЦ㣿Ҫɱ㣡

˹ЦЦʥҵĲѪٵĻ۵⴦طֳĿ˹üļ˿ҲٵںˣͬװôڱһĨɫȡ
һɱһеϢϼ
˹ˣҪǶ˹е
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л΢΢һЦһΣûˡ

˹˫۱亮⡣
ˢ
Ӱ䣬лҲ֡
˹˷һնȥѪ佣δȫϾл̫£ɲд󣬼ֻһҲ쳣Ŀ¡
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впܱʥն֣ϾʥȴҲǳ䲻⣬˹ҲһӦǿƳѪ佣ʱлʥѾ¡
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100  졾һ
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101  졾
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ı֣лûк£Цܵı֪ҾˣҪɱңܸиɰɣɲҪңΪ°Ҳǰɱҵġ


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㱳Ҳʮеﰡл˵ȴ㣬ʮҲôʮˣƺûĵģƺ˵ҪΪ״磬ձ˵һ׵Ĵ磬ħѧԺԺȴкҲģҪ˵ʮУƺһպġ
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102  졾
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ðԵİȭҲ̲ס̾еļһ㱬ļһ㣬û˿ɢ֪ʮеսعҲûдﵽȫһĵزҶ嵱ǹһλĶʦ
лϲѡ
һĴҪɢǿֻҪǸߣ׵ĵڻһ㣬ûһ˿ɢģǿʮ֮һعû֪εȵѣҪ֪عΪսʮҲĴڣҲ˰гΪǿµһֵġ
лͷ⻹ǽսҵʾţأʱڡ
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103  սʴ˵һ
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ֻǺʵĲ˼飬űΪģΪδʮ֮һ
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νսʣʵǿµһֵıƣǺǣӦ֪ʮ˵ԹУÿһ˳иԵصţ統ĶʦҶ壬ΪΪ֮ʮеǳ磬ΪĶǸǳݱģ찲˵սͬħƥһƺòģҲʮΨһһġ
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104  սʴ˵
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ȷв࣬Щ;顢йϵɽЩƲ壬ıƴǶ֮Ķپвˣڼλľ磬ӵеĶҲǲͬġлλΪʲôΪˡ
ϾǸ磬ÿһССĽѹ֮ǰͬȾĸֵġ
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ԣֱɫķ硢ɫĹ⡢ɫĻԡ̻ش
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֪һֱ־ҪΪһλΪһֵŮûеĵز̵˸ǻ۵Ĺâϲ̿϶ͨĴ纫֪˸ɫ񵤵ܡ
лҲֻһЦ̶ֻ֪һƤë˵ʲôֻһŵģ֪ЩؼҡȺ棬иΪӴļ壬ҲЩźصʷϹŴˡ
Ŀǰƺ̺йء
ǣһСջڱ̻ܵĵɫʮֲÿ»һոµİɫȹװס˵Ľ
ʥҲƽϡ
ĶһȥԼʮ꣬ӽʮӣķŨüֱۣڣ͸λߵϢħѧԺԺĴ硭
ǣ˾֪ܶġ
ɫ̫ԣǲǳʲôˣͬصĴɽȵģ˸оܶס
뵽̳ȹװ¶ѩ׵Σͺ޵ӣڵ󣬾Ȼ
ɨһͻȻЦˣ˷ߺ޵飬¾ֻǸĺ˰ɡ
ߣʲôĺ󣡡ݺݵص
ĺƺǺܾǰģΪϾСǣ˸֪Ϊʧˣľеơ
ǵȴ֪̾һĵˣԶʵеı
˵˵ɣǲʲôŹֻˣ
һѾʥλˡ
ţ
ԭ׵ĺȻ̧ͷ˫Ŀž⡣
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ôܣСõͬ츳ͬǳģΪͬȵģ˵̶ҩʦȤӦ˷ģѷǣһͻƣѲʲôȴҡҡͷܣﵽʥ磬Ʒ޷ʥϵĸֵģƷⶫ˵ϡ٣Уͻһ磬Ǿ˷ѣҩʦݣġ
Ҳһֱһ㣬ڰǰսһ˵ʤǵ۶ҪǿģͻƸһЩӰһЩƽɫģܹһͻƣ
磬᲻лйأƺһ̴ֱһġ˵
üëһ˵Ǹӵɫ񵤵ꣿ


105  սʴ˵
ش
һ£ɫ
ΪеڶĶȻμ峤̳ˣĵλ⣬䣬ʵ۾ȵȣڶҪǿֹһ㣬ҲˣǹϵθĴϣ峤ĵλ
ƾϵлӴһɫ񵤵ϣҲǽ֪ƤëҪ㣬ƫƫһ㣬ѾͷƤˡ
磬˵ɫûпܶлΧҲаأüЩĵǡ
ЦҲ֪ҿϣҲֻƬ֪µĶ
ҾˣΪʲôǲġЩĵ
Ҳû취֪Խ࣬ԽĵĽͣ㻹֪ɣֻǱ࿴˼ۣҲ޷ȶģʱ߻ħ
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һľȣȻ
ɲ֪ȴǿҵĳ嶯Ҫ֪ɫ񵤵ʲôʲôã˵ıԡ
÷е룬ûдﵽλ֮ǰԲκΰ취Ӵɫ񵤵ϣεȾһ۾Ϳ뷨ȳ⡣
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ЦҲֵܳģӦ߼ҵĹ涨ܹɻκԼֻ߸峤̳ˣһ֣أǸ޽ڵġ
ֻԳֳˡսȭͷҪչأҳ֮գлɥ֮ʱ⣬㾡üЩСӺͱӴһ£Ҳлչȥ
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ĿȥʸƣǷһ˿Ц⣬лɫ񵤣̣ǺǣǲǸҲأ
л֪ɫ񵤵һЩ֮ȻҲֻƤëĶȴҲǸһ
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Ц֮лʵ㣬ͻƵٶȻǿ찡һΪҪʮıչء
ʵʮ죬ҲδͻƵģҿɲ֪һζܹͻƻǶǰöٵ̲޸п˵Ҳ˰öٵӦûûðɡ
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ЦǾɡ


106  һ
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ԴлҲֻܿЦҹǱɫ񵤸Եˡ
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ΨһеŤľǣȻû˿ĸо
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лĲ½ˡ
㣬½ѡ¾ҪʼˣҪȥ޵۶أл治Ը̷ֿ
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лϲô㡣
лı̵̬˽ŵķϣͰһľϵɡ

леĵɴ۾

Ŀ̣һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲô
֪ԼƯҲô춢Ž㿴ɡлգգڷŵһ㡣
ٺ١лͷĲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǿΪǿĴڣ֪óһױȵ
̵֪ѾõľľѾнԵĹľѾǽľԣܹõһľսʵĸĽȡ½ĹھӦźܴİһ٣˵Ҫɲô׵ģľԵģھҪˡ
ԸлЦ
ȻǣʹӶŵĸųάɪԻϽִһǵĿϽӡ˵
ϽӣлҲڹżпһַǳƷΪϽӣϽƹ죬ĳɳˮͻήˮУλ
ƫϽࡣ
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ڵðаʦͼ³ʱ򣬿Ǽģ뱻ɵ˹غ˹ֵܳƣͷˣͲˡ
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Уûл͵ء
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ֻάɪǻʹӶĴų֮һʥĸ֣ҪҲô׵ģҴ˷άɪ͵ƷϽӣҲȻ൱ĸ֡
ܵܣ㲻Ʒ˿ôģͻȻƵġ
лڵ㰮ôô
ȫһϵӣ̸ϲѣѾǴúˣ꣬ؿɳɳʱҩָɣ
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㣬֪άɪҪϽӵǵģлʵ
Цʱǡ˻ʹӶŵһųΪάɪʱһϽӣҾ뵽㣬ϽӺͽľеƣľǡǷһ֣һľ֮оǴҪƷ
ԭˣлһпҪΪôһʱ뷨ͬʱҲ̵һֱ߶򲻿뵽Ϊ
ǽ֪˴λ͵ĳάɪʲô𣿡лĵĻһ㣬ϾֻˣеƵˣӶţⷽ棬˵ǲ棬ԣлҲͬģЩ뱣ܡ
ҲҴȥʹӶ̽ԭϽӱϾͨƷľԵˣҩʦ˵ջԿ϶ʹӶŶ߹ֶ֤İȫ˵Ͻ̫⣬ܴյĿռ䣬ԲܷڿռָڣʲôطҲҪ⡣
леͷˣȻ󣬿ɱϾӽɽʹӶפǱȻ൱ģֻڼλʵ
ȷΡ
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Ϊлˮ̵Ҫô࣬ⶼǽԸģ˵ҲԳġ
ңлȻ
û̸ĪһЦܵܣ˵һֽؼ𣿡
лȻҵȵĿ̣ʮؼ֮һ
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107  
ŵȻ̣лĿʼ̵뷨ˣҪ֪ʮؼĵλǱһ仹Ҫߵö࣬ǿʮ䲢ģֻǺʦصĶϾʮؼҲʧ˸ˡ
̾Ȼʹá
лԾ˹ˣʹ䡣
˵Ļϲ㽫ʮؼȶѾڵðˣǷζʱڲͬ
ļܴ󰡡ĵĵ
һ仰лˣ̲Ҳɼģʼ磬ЦԺҪˡ
лƽ⣬̸еůġ
Ĳ˵лܹܡɫ񵤵ͱľΣȴ˵һǻе뷨ġ
˵ЩˣȾơ̵
Ʊյ
ǺȵĶξƣǿǾмƷܹӻ˥ϣܹٶģںǲܡ
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˱뿪ˡ
ҪΪҹ̽ʹӶפ׼סһҹģ۵Сջ̱㿪ʼ׼
ֺųʮؼ֮һĿҪʩչҲô򵥵ģ̻лֻʥλľ磬ҲǷӳٷ֮һĵطޣ޷ʩչ
лһԹ
Ҳ뿴ʮؼ֮һкζ֮ȻֻǼʶؼƤëѡ
ڷλã˫ֱַϥϣһζɬޱȵҲķһĨɫĹ⻪
һĺܲʵӰڱ档
ͬʱĶҲʼٵתӰϣаСʱʱ䣬ͻȻ̵Ľһõɫөһȥȥе½ĸо
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ܿл͸о·һˣ˶صһռ䣬Ϣ˷۶мһɫĹ㣬ͳͳ۵̵˫֮ϡ
ܵܣ˫֡̿ڵ
л̵Ķ棬˫֡
֡
ſģɡ̳
лȫ̾͸оһɴŵȸо̵˫֮ϴݹ
ȵ֮󣬷ٵĿʼָ⿪ʼӣֱۣ򣬲ϵͷֱ⣻µ˫ţֱֺ⡣
˶

ʱųһ
лҲ۾
ǣҵ֣㽫ͬ΢΢һЦ˵ĻеĪ⣬վ
ҪվлδʱҲ֮վ
лһӵɴ۾̡
̶ȻһЦôҸʲô
ôоԼܿԼˣлŹֵĵ
һڡЦе˵һžͿлԼ̧֣ĲȥĶͷϸܵĺˮаӰ򵥵ĵ˵ھҵӰӣڱ˵Ӱӣˡ
лɵɣҲ̫˰ɡ
Цһûнͣóһӷǰ档
лһ
ˣ
վھǰȴûӰֻ̣˼ǣҹˣҲûƣںģȴϡ¹̵ܹĽ¾ȻӰӡ
ǺȻһӰӾˡ
ʮؼ֮һҲ̫ˡлп
ֻĵһӰҪܴﵽʩչڶĻǲŽ棬ӰֻƤëѡ̵Ǻƽʶؼ̫ˡ
л̾еĽǸʦеˣʮؼʮ䣬ʮʿ
лĸԣ̻ǺϤģ֪ܸȤЦһζ֪Ĳ࣬ҲӦ÷һ˰ɡ
лһǰ죬˹¶䣬ڽʩչʮؼ֮һѵЩҪ
֪ʮؼеһĽݼСʩչĽݼͼ޹½ҵ½ڷʩչʮ֮һĽ䣻޹˹³оʮ֮һϵǹ˵ЩģҪμӴ½ģһЩݱȽΣǶٵӵеһипܿһӵ֡˵
Щлû˵
֪½ƺԶûô򵥡
ʧЩĶȻҪˡ
ǲ˼ле˷ˣЩֽ֡
̿˷ܵӣ̾һεĴ½½ʷǰֵһˣǵҺμӵһ죬ҲԶûε֡û˵л֮ӵףûףˮĿ϶еģоҲȻ벻ֶѡ
һĴҲμˣôȥ˹ھлΪûμӵģȻΪʲôһֱڣ̲Ϊöٵǰͻƴܵġ
ЦǴҵȷμˣǿǰ⵽㣬޷սԶˣҵĶֳĶ֣Ҳ֪ˣҵĶʵԶҺԺ;ԼõĹھܳ˵һǿģ֮ǰҲʽĽΣǲʤʮÿƴһε顣һתϷʵĵɶȥǱҳȹӣ¶ѩ׵Ĵƨɣ
˵ЦУ̱Ӵڷ˳ȥ
елҲеԼĸ̷УȫҪ˷̵ĶԼĶͺ̵Ӱӡ
ҹɫУ˻ʹӶǵפ⣬ʱʹӶפȴǵƻͨС
һȽƫƧĵطлһЦһš
ݣ
˴ӵðʱѾפڲˣлҲһĶ̣һİûᵽƺޱ߰


108  
̽İ壬ʩչлӵеؼݵľɾͲлʮ׵ľˣǼʮ׼ʮ׵ģ⻹ûȫʩչЧ
İӰܲǽҵӰӣ˿㣬һ㣬ļܣҶʹõģûԣҲԽİ̽͵
л޵ʮؼ
Цһ£̵ԲϣȻǿԽڸģдӼһܵطֵģʹȨеģ˹ܲ
лûô̰
ڵҪͻеľ磬ͣл㡣
˲δ̫ⷽࡣ
פΪʹӶŵһҪ֣൱ǿģͷܣϾǺӶפذŵģʹӶŽһ߼񣬻Ͻӣǽ
פڿν岽һʮһڡ
̵ʵǿҪ˲֪ĽҲһѵģʵÿһطһ˰š
ԵʣϢľͽˡ
פصĴڣʱУΧһЩʵҲ鼶ĸȻڸ߶Ȼܵġ
лһۣǷƺûв֮
ҵġȴ
ٴʩչһݶĻУð̷ڴ֮ϣ
ʱл㿴̵һƷǳ΢ɫĹδλû
Ϲ΢ڵҹɫлǱȽ۵ģлһ̵ǰ棬ȻƣȴģϾ̲Ƕֵ֣ġ
˽ߣ˴˶ᵽԷеϢĿԣ̶Ťˣնе
΢Ϲٵת̵˫֮ϡ
ǾӨ͸Ķ΢΢
лһǳ·վǴһÿһ˵ε̾Ϣһ
һ̵
лһϷֿ
漴˵·ͨһ㣬ŸΪ鷢ˣлԺоȻĸֳһ档
ǺȻǴڵΡ
ڵλãܹӴڿһΣԱԺиֵΣȫһ
Ķͨл
һͷ
ˣл֪˵ʲôˡ
ĶͨҲʮؼ֮һֻʮؼб˵ʮеƲʮʮؼģչֳãȻлЩĿɿڴ
ȴĻ̣ͬͫǰ谭ʵĿ龰һ
̫ˡ
ܹʮˣˡ
һλǻʹӶפصܸˣ޲ޱ˭Ҳ֪ʲô
ߣĸ֣Ľж࣬ұߵĽ˹ά
ȻǸ֣ȴûн޲һ£Ϊǵıһλų˴ĺܡ
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жĵΪεǻʹӶŴδʧܵļ¼ӶŶأѱûʲô뷨ôҲΪ˰ȫ
ȫΪӶŵˣѵ֪ܽаȫ֪ԽٲŻԽȫ˹άЦҿ뷨ɡ
ž
жȻһӣȻվ𣬡˹ά̫ˡ
˹άȴŶȣ·ûһ㡣
̬޲һüһƣȴҲ˵ʲô
Ȼ˹άңҾ˳˴жļƻƶֻӰšж˵꣬һ˦ӱˡ
˹άЦŶ
޲ЦҡҡͷǱ׼ܿˣû˴
ߵſڵжͷһ۵˹άǷһ˿ŪЦ⣬뿪
ٶûл̵ĹעҲѹ֣Ķͨؼصǽ˵ı顢Դǵȵһ㲻ٵռģÿһ涼Ҫ˵ġ
лֻһۣ˴˶û˵
жȥ˹άվ޲ʵάɪų·ǣһĿĵġ
б飿޲Щ⡣
˹άͷ¹ش󡣡
޲ԣʱˣڰ֣°ɡ
˷׷ߣֻʣ޲˹άˡ
ڿ˵ˡ޲
˹άЦ˵֮޲˿ҪؿƿȻĻܻЩġ
ʮ޲ɫһȻֱ
֪Ǳѡάɪġ
һֱڻʹӶڶкܶģҪų˴֮ԣʼѡڿǱѡʱˣάɪĶ˹Ǳɱ޲ֻһЦǲѡάɪĻȫԽģάɪųʲôָʾ
˹άЦˣ֪޲ı̬˵άɪųҪλϽӵĻᣬӶǵפأ


109  ʥ̡һ
뿪ʹӶפصʱл̶һ֮ɫҲû뵽ʹӶžȻӶŶ֣ȻάɪԼĴ㣬ҲǺлһĹϵ˭Ӷŵ޿˰лˡ
ӱлɱѾάɪЩˣҪϧһд۽лйصˣͳͳɱᣬȻһԶ壬ǾǻʹӶźӶĶԿ
֪Ļл뿪ʹӶŵפأ̱һӶפء
лݣӶŵ˶Ѿ֪
Ȼ߹ĽӴ
Ӷڴ˵صĸЩʲô޴ֻ֪֪Ǵһһʱ
л뿪ʱӶŵĸɫޱȵĿʼһϵֵĲá
ܵܣǻΥŴӦһ£ϾӶŶǿĴڣһ֣˫ԣ޷ܵģΪ˻пܲĻġ̲޵ĵĵ
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Ҳ޻˵
ǱϾӶŵˡ
άɪĶҪϢһ峿̣ҲҪ㾫Ϊж׼
˵Ŀͷǽŵġ
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лҪ״̬ѣҪһ̸ոմڸʮؼ֮һĶͨ
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Ҳһư
лȻŹġ
Ա㿪ʼ
Ķͨؼһ־ͶԼ˫˫ĿĴϣ𲽺ܼ򵥣Ҫ£򼫶˵ѡ
лԾ޷룬ֻ𲽣ѧǼ򵥵úܣ֮ʩչΪУ˵ģʶǿݡ
Ҳ賿ңлѾӦˡ
ȻӦãֻǼ򵥵ܹԲʮڵ
ĶͨлͺĶһ󲻹ɵĲһ˿Ҳ͸һƾĶλϣȻת˫
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ʱҹʱ֣˶˯У֮ǰлǾĵģѻȸȴͬˡ
ҹ紵ӲݡЩͳͳĴĶУһжô
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һ𲽣Ҳл֮£ҪǷǳѵģԵ̿ͣǿǼġ
лҲǺϲ
žžžžž
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лһЦŮ͵ɣôˣɺܿ˶䣬ϸˡ
ʱ㻹ҳ±˹ά𣿡
ҸյõһǳҪϢܲ
лڶжġ
ȻǺͻʹӶйصġ
ʲôϢ֮ʵ
жشάɪǸ϶׼ŻϽӵĻᣬܹӶŵפء
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117  ľ
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118  һһ
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;ҲõϢлԻʹӶŵ뷨׸洵ΪʹӶűһӴ֧֡
޵۶һ峤ı˹̫࣬ΪٳˣνóѪаʦͼ³ʩչ֫ȴץģƷʥƷаʦͼ³ȴʧ٣˷۱
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л֪Լ͸л˵ϻóľ֮оʦ׼һľԵ
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ܹеһʲô


119  һ
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ħѧԺλڵ۶棬ΰվĵ°ɽŽķԲһСҲֻСѧԺУſʮףʮףͬһţſÿһ鼶ʵ
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ӾһæǰͬѧһԼҽй˿ͣ޹壬ͬΪħѧԺѧһ꼶жӣŮѣΪֻȵŮӲǵģԸΪ㡭
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120  һ
ϴˮ
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ףĲ߻ģȻ˺ĸƻˣʽġ
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Сħͷ˰лһۡ
ȥ
ķû뵽л֮죬űݽⶳһĨ˵ĴŮΣ
ǰл֣ҹɡ
š轫ַϣߴϱ˵Ľ޶ˣﻹб˵ӡ
һĻһУ¶֮ɫ
ǹ˿͸ǼʵĿҪŤˡ
ιħȵѽȥֱӴ¥סлۣħ㲻ΪҶ壬ҲԹ˰ɣǴĲ֪Ҫݺ㰡òãǸ
ǸҲҪиӰɡл
ʱüЦǱŮȥŮϳԴ͡
лһΪѵӣðɡ
ǿ˵ˣ㲻ඡ˷ܵؽе
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ڳ˶ɵˡ
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Ůǵ۶һ۴ﶬοﲻ
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СħȻǿԽġ
ڵ۶̫ˣû˲֪ؼиСħ
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Ӭ׷ߡ
ҵı̫ɫˣԲŻô׷ߡлһ˵ţԺһҪСˣȻˣǿ鷳ˡ
ƶ졣轿ȴ۵ġ
״ĵ̸˵ͲС㰡ˣб㰡ѧԺı˰κ˶ǲɫģôħСŮӰ̫Ů˰ɡ
Ѿͷ˵ʲôء豻˵࣬ȥŮһˡ
žž

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С׵ٶ̫죬Ȼûס
ǣС׾һϡ
СħС׶赲ˣεѡѹذлЦǺǵ˵
һȻ㶮ʲô֪ʲôǱŮĵһ𣿡
Ŷʲôл
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лʧЦܲһվ˼Ϊ̫ˣͻԶɣһ٣ҹƣ˼ҾԶ䣬ҲΪСħ
ƲŮĺС׻һôСħѽСףҵģ㲻СһֻʮϺȥʱȥܵһˡ
ѽѽСײĽ
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СһתƨŤ£·˵㿴û˵ֹܣ
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ٺ٣ûʶ㣬лֿ˲֪˲Ц
лһɵĿ衣
˵ͷ
ʲô˼Ѳ˹Ĵģ޴лЩ˵
Ȼô޴ŴϺ£㻹֪ɣѾѡΪħѧԺԺѡΪֱӽʮǿ̭֮һѽٺ١


121  衾һ
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˫һϺһΪԼһݣлͱһһݣԵͱĹϵ㱸ܹעǵĵӣ벻֪ѣ⻹㣬Ժ͵Ĺϵ֪ɣǿŶƫƫУʵһ˵ô
϶ɵģ
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϶Ϊʸ֮ģΪߺŵġлЦ
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л湻ģ
޵۹ûʮҲаҪսǻϾֱӽ
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Ժ湻ݵİлƲƲ졣
ҲһֱƣΪʲôѡлأħѧԺڿкܶ˶ֵƼ
Ǹ˿;ڼλģľҪлߡ
ΪΣ
ٺ٣ҿǿ㵽ûʸΪඡЦ
лЦϼң

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ħǴħ˵ôһ仰ҵıжˡе
΢죬ȴҲôһɴζأᣬᰡ
ҳԴףҳԴףһĶߣŮ϶һ޶ľŮῴ
ǰῴģ֣ǱСŮôɱŮأѵٸǣѾСŮˣѾǵ̸˵ĴŮĵز𡣡ҲݵĺܣֻƽʱľѾˡ
һ˿ңеʲôŮͳˣȻ˵Сˣʲô㻹룬ʲô¶Ҫ뵽ħϣŮ˰һˣͺܰ׳ˡ
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ҪǣıĿǹھ
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лôøΪʧȥʹء
ԽԽлˡ
ȴû취
ħѧԺ˿սлһսлƵʱ洫ս
սĿǿ찡лƿ˴
ֻŮģ֮ͷܶǿĵ·Χ˸ˮйͨ
Ůǵ۶οͲϣڸˡ
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޾սⱬ
ŮˣУǸܵȻս⣬ֵİ˶עŹ˿͡
˿ڼλΪҪֱӽʮǿеһڱˢˣ϶ܲҪСˡ
ԭΪҲõݣһսеĴˡлóʥ
˼ôקҲܱС˲ǡ
ڵĹ˿ͣл˵֡Ӧս
𵴵Ůˮ


122  衾
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ֻսȴŮϣмսĵطѵҪŮϷս
ಣ
˿ڿն
£봥ŮˮʱȻֹȻվŮˮƽϡ
ж
ж
޵۹ǰμѡڱ֮ǰȻкܶ˻Ůģʱ˿;Ȼжɵö
жʮֺĶ
˫Ŀת˿˫ֵһսܳԿĻҿѡط
˵ķƵȴ͸һɰ
ǶԼʵŵı֣ٷ磬ΣʱչַжԼע⡣
׿衣
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ߵɣ
л粽վڴڣܿ񰡡
пʱ˿Ϳ̬֡
ҵʲôǡлǳŪǲм
λ񰡣
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ãǾҿûпʱ˿ͽżһ㣬Ůˮ㣬߿ջȭȥ
лҲһ졣
죡
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أ
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ˮ۳һҴСˮ
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أ
˿ͻȭȥ
ˮδһȭ飬תԲϮ˿͵£вתˮ򻮹δ
ǲȹ˿ٴἰˮȴХײһô֮УһηתĿֱָ˿͵̫Ѩ
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ͬʱлҵѵ
˿Ͱ̾һٴ󵹷ɳȥһµжʮס
ŮԲǧף㹻ʩչжģҲΪжŻѡڴսģռݵơ
˫һлΣٴбɸ߿ա
Ҳж
˼ˡ
Χ˷̾
ȷе˵첻˵жΪһֱڿа裬жǿԳʱġ
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ȭ֮˭
һӰէ֣ˣŮˮ𣬴ӿ͵ơ
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壬᲻̴ģ˵
пܣҲ˷еõģ֮Ӵǵв̫ˣ֮ɭɭĵߴĬڶֻμ̳˲֣ܶùñǣƣھҪǵˡ
Ц御ܷģһлһû
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˿ǹ֣ʩչжͨɫĶһɫĹ磬̤У˫ǹҡڣ
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лŵʣħ̤̽ץסʥ貵ɫâʥϷ
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˿ɫ΢䣬æ׹䣬ͬʱ˫趯˫ǹ߶ԼȫĶȥ
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жʱһ籩ӿŮˮƾİʹҰ˷ҵˡ


123  衾

˫ǹ棬סлʥ
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أ
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ˮĽŮˮʼתһ޴У˿;ͽУл򲻶ϵѹϵؼƥ
˿ͱѹһ˿Ѫſױȫһ˫ǹ
˫ǹ۶ϣ˫Ҳʹ
аƣնѣ
˿͵ŮУ泯ϣ˫ǹٵĶţи֣һƳ˽ƣȻ
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а
˿͵ȻһһƬҶƮƮķɳȥŮ»ع飬˫ǹڶȴֹͣ
һּڿг֡
аħȺһ߿֮ɫ䣬ֵĽе
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˿˿͵Ŀⶼˡ
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䣡
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ԾϵĸԣЦǿˡ
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ӵаħȻл˻ܣôǰһɺĵӿ
˥磬ˡܡ顱İ֡
˿ɫͨ죬ƺҪѪ
ļһлﰵ
˵ʵ˿͵л࣬ʵҲле֮ҪСģֻ˵ƺխЩʧ

û˴Ӻе
˻ת
磿
ֻһʮӣлϹһĨõЦݣЦⲻǿŮ¥ǵ𡣡


124  ȡһ
˱Ķ硭Ծϣ
˵˧ȴһӵĺˬζֱлǰ֣Ծϣܸʶ㡣
лҲܸʶСħĶ硣лЦ
ԾϹЦСħĶɲǴħһʵұ˻ϲ˽ʹġ
Ż
Ż״
ŶԭʹԾϣлȭ
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˼Ҷ˵ˣл˵ʲô
ֻҪԺҪ뷨ˡлﻹе㲻ʹ죬ϸ£⻰û˵Լʹơ
ңĿԲ¶СƷĴϻ
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лһ
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ħȥ֮ȥԶѡһСȡĶǴϲĵһǡûл˵
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ػĳϽԾЦڿԽȥˣܲܵõҪĶǿҪֵˡлļͷЩпĵ˵൱Ķ
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л𲽼
˳ɶȴŲŻؿ¶һһ˲Ŀռ䣬лҲû˷Ѷ롣
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лǰȥ
žžž
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ʱʱһ㶼лҪμѡĶ֮Ѿּɵġ
أ
һ
лȴδܳɹʹͨȻǵأǻĶС
ڣлˣʵһֿ顣
ѡ˵ģԲŻʵԽǿЩ谭Խ֮ĻĻԽߣĻֻܷѡˣǴĹء
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лһȻ޷ʹǾͳȥɣתһ㵭İɫΡ
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ĲлȫһԾ
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Ķʱɢ
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ֻ׵Ѿûзָ͵ӣ΢Сζһţг˴ĴָС
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֪ܷأлĵ
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ʱףΪ׳ǵ׵硣
ಣ
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׵һͨʱ׵žžžļ£ͱ׵ˣֻͬΪ׵磬ƺܽٵֻ棬ȴʧˣ·ͨھӵ׵
ܹյ׵ȥȴлΪ֮һ
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ӦսУ벻ã˭뵽һصĹ
лɴϲ
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䣡
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лٴ飬ȻԽǵ׵ȥ
лȷ׵ôǺܶģδڣһ򵥵ðɡ
лȥʼ׵硣
׵粻ϵգ۳һ㣬ϵѹѹγһɫ׵Բ򣬱š
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126  һۡһ
ؼҴԾʮһ꣬ԴˣлҲӴΨһĸоԽԺǿ·ΪؼҵĴ٣͸һƵģص۸ֵ͵ģΪֹؼһڻԺȵ֣ʤûʲôԵʰɣһֱԾϡ
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127  һۡ
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128  ȭסһ
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ؼҳл˸лĵڡ
ķԱ֪ÿȥҸлģ𾴣ֻıȽ磬лڴȭ׵
ȭ׶л˵Ƿǳ֮ġ
ӵȭףͲҪսзı֤ҩָıɫս䣬¶ҩָ
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лȴɴ۾
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л˸ˣлĵһʥѣҪ˵̫ˣҪ֪ȫ½ʥǺܶġ
ֻ֪ܶжʮʥɣлʥһоģںܶжһЩء
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ȡ԰˼Ҳǰȭĺ塣
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ԴߣԸǴıԼ֣Ӵȥ
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лӶ϶л϶൱صǽɫף㹻𾪵ˡ
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129  ȭס
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ле˼ƺ֪׵һЩлǾϲԴӷ׿ͨ׵磬͸еײǼ򵥵ˮǰĴڡ
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лֲ˵һϣһ
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˵׵γ̣ѵһǣϵħ޵׵γ׵ϣΪ𣬻ˮǶؼгɳģҲ˵ֻֿ֮ͣܣһ֮䣻һֿˮ֮䣬ǹȻԣɶ֮γɵģԴһģԼǿĵǿɵġ
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˵ĺܶ࣬ݶл˵ȴǺܿģв׵ƶϣˮĳԼ
ȷлԣֻ֪жʮ֣뵽ʮ֣леһ˿Ƕƶϡ
һǿҵĸоƶϵ磬ܿںɽеõǹ֮硣
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ڸлǴʦģҲŴʦزش󺣵ȣ̹ϵĺã˻ܵõлĺøС
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ϵһĨɬлȻûлشл⣬аγɺأ½ֻһְɣܵõҸеЩ⣬˵˵ôõ𣿡
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130  촫Ŀʼһ
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ʥǺԿĻôҪСĽˣΪԲѶɽʥնϡ
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үү׿ĸԤԣճɾͱؿɳԽ
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߱ɫĹγһȥٶҲԽԽ죬һ⡣
һ֣չֳԽ˿͵ʵ
̨ϵĿʵһ㣬ͬˮĲľսγɵڱ֡


131  촫Ŀʼ
л˫̧ǰȭ׷⣬ԽԽ貣һſҫ۵ǣ˫սɿĹУǵƱѳȥƵģӳյӵҫۣʹΧ۵ʮ˶һ˿뷨
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ǰһоյĸоش̼ˣⲻǿΪ֮ǳɵģܹȾ˵ġ
Ȼолⲻı仯һʤڱһɸΪۻĶǳʥ߱ڣʹ߱һɫĹƽγƻΪǿĽâ
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лҲȼս⣬ԭһӰɽƣӭ˵һǿߣױȵǿ󱬷ǼӲľ̨ѺۣһʯĶƮл󣬸޾ơ
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УѤƥĹâ˰Ƶһɰ貵ĹâƹĶһ㣬˷ϯȥ
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Զûôף˭ǱΪδǿ֣ױȵķḻ飬зתΣûгûгƶǽ߱͵ز档

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ӱѵһ죬ʵ벻ƽſԣվŲǸܵġ
УлҲо˼֡
ҪʹȻ֣Ȼá
ʧЧ
ӵðлɫԽԽأȻһȭػ̨
䣡
һİȭ״ɢȥ
ҪðҲ
ЩѾð׷ײ
͡
ϵεضһָл
潻棬˶ÿһž˵ƻɲĶô򵥵
ȣ
лһ˲䣬ʩչ˾ȡ
ɲʮȡ
ʮ׵籬ȥ
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Щܼ׵£з׷׵ˣ׹ʧ߷𴦣ֳΡ
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лȴˡ
һ֮䣬лȰ㵽һ߳ǿ߱ǰ
һ߱档
أ
ƺУҲƲסſһѪҲӾ̨ˤȥصء
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лվھ̨ϣʤߡ
ȫѻȸ˶ȻĿлȻƽ˾ѾڴٵսУ̲סҪȥоĵս
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ÿһսٵĶǴδԹؼؼԶڴ½ֵ˺ؼ
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Ҳ𣬲ǱǺԲƵϷԣΪлıһһӡ֤仰
л̨֮ϣʳָָʮڣָ㽭ɽߣĵ˭ս


132  ̵İšһ
ҰĻ͸޾ϡ
лͬߣأָ㽭ɽΪļ£ȫʮˣûһҴģȡ
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£ֱӽϣü͸⣬㲻ʺֳս
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˵ʮ֮һԤԡ
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ӮˣӮˣħ̫ˣɵúã˷ܵؽеץסлĸ첲򼤶˵ģҾ֪ħӮġ
Ҳ߹ס֡
һЦ
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ԽԽ͸ˣˡҲ߹˴Ĵָ
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֪ңͲҪҫˣǼ񣬽ӮһΪԼ˲𡣡һ
л̧ͷȥ
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˶ǹʮĴ磬һǹӵܣ˵֮˫ֲڿ㶵ڣͷ΢΢ü͸ưӵĿлһƲƺúл˵
ȴЦؿһϮ£нǣ˺˵ĸо˧缶ģֻǺ͹˿С˧粻ͬһ˫۾͸һɸˣǷĳЩгڴϣȴЭ
ҲһԼһװңһͷĶ̷һ˫۾ƻû˯ѵӣһƺ«ʱĺһڣƹ㡣
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Ρ͹ͼ˹ˣлЩôǣ̫Ϊǣ·˵ǿһ
Σ˵ʲôбһܡСħӵлһɣӣҲûǸе˼أΪ˲ǶģǣҾŻ¡
ĳɫһ䣬ȴûƽϣֻĿлһۣ񣬲Ҫô񣬲Ů˿£ֻܶһʱ˵ӵɨлһۣǱ뿪ˡ
Ҳ
лȴЦСѡ
˵úãǵĳŭ˲𰡡ǰսЦ߹ֵֶ֣ͽᣬҿ˵лвư
һﻹǸ죬лЦ
ٺ٣ֿɲôƤġֶ߹§лļͷֻҪξƣҾһ£޵۹ڵŵֵݡʵɫȣܹƽɡ
սұ§лٺЦֻҪֵ椣Ҿͽȫ½ŵϸ㣬ҿǱȽϳԿŶ
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˷·һżǰȥ
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ħѧԺǾֱǶȥ
ս˵һҽ̻Ի;¥Ψһûȥĸߵξ¥ΪʲôûȥΪûǮ
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СħŮʲôָʾսЦ
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лҲ˶䡣
˵ǶҲ֣ҪΪѣҲ˰ɡ
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ʶǱûμʲô½̴ģ˵·ҪôμӱҪôлġսЦҾˣô䲻ˣô̴̫ܵࣿʢǾֻܵ޵۶ˡ
̵ݣлٲµһ㡣
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ʲôĿأ
л뵽ȥҴңײ±뿪ˣûкӦҪҪġ
ôߣǺʥ̡ʹӶţԼֵĻǾûܱˡ
ˡֶҲһЩһǿߣûз֮ȴֻһֿܣǱǿı
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ƺ跼һᣬеалϺݺݵһѡ
л۵һ죬ץס֣ȥĸĦţûռˡ
ǸҪСġսֹ
л״սߵһߣô򵥰ɣ
ս޳ܵЦݣ¶֮ɫ̴˵ʥѾˣάɪѾФʹʹӶű˷ֱǣΪӱ𣻵浹ǿ԰ģ̴ļЭ飬ڶ޷֣ǵơ
鷳лЦ
˶Ҫ֣Σذ֮⣬л֪ѣǿ϶Ҳʹ˰ݵģ˹˶ϱۣ˹̫ࡣ
ҲҪ̫ģҺߣǶٻеɵġս͸һš
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ս۾·һλŮתȦ˸ڣָֻ˵ģ˵㻹̴ɣǲ͸¶
ι˥ǲڽ̴ħ椰е
սһЦŮҽ˰񣬲˥񡣡
ͷҿһ˥˵ϾŮ˵鷳
䣬һ
һɭɱȺдһӰֳɭлȥٶȿӦ
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лͷ˵ʵȻﵽ˲ʺ缶ʵѡ͵Ϯ˵Ǳ޳֮
һ̣ʱ·ֹһ㡣
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133  ̵İš
һ˲䡣
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ҵײУͿ͵Ϯ֮˵κɳȥսֳһѪײǽϣˤڵϡ
һӰڰС
ɫ㷢裬ƻ澫飬ĶͷϸüëҪͨ˵ĳĶ࣬бޣʹúŷ̵ͦı촽ľӣһϮɫսȹȶ˵Ľ͹Ե쾡£ظӯӯһյ¡ΣսȹסΣѩ׵Ĵ¶棬һ˫սѥﵽϥǴҲǺɫġ
һɫĳǹ
ǹ⻹һȼյ档
аа飡սֶͬʱŵĿƯڿУ޾׵ĻŮ
ǱΪаĻŮ΢΢һһһ𣬳ǰ͵Ϯߵǰ泤ǹһ泤Ȼȥ
͵Ϯѱشܹ⡣

һײ
͵ϮٴѪɳȥеǻ泤ǹӲϣҲһ
аŮɱˣɱ
ֱʱΧ˲ŻȻ򣬾ĿаŮ
аȵŮˣ
аƣնѣ
ִ͵ϮߵĿз˫Ŀ죬֮̽ϻѪţǻڱˣϵҲϨˡ
аħ
ǹ˼ҵˣлĵĿޱϬѸٵĿΧδֹ˿͵ټ
аŮǿаħǹһһȥ۶ɵĴͳͳٵ
ۣ
泤ǹ͵Ϯߵ硣
͵ϮʹĲҽ
ڣлæȵ
͵ϮԣЦһһǶϽתȻλͱȥۡһϽࡣ
ʬˤ
Ϊҽ
лҪֹû취ʬ壬˼ҵļҹ滹ϸ񰡣Ȼ²
˼ңսҧгݵĵ
ֶҲɱ֡
ε͵ϮֱǴǵ˱ǿ൱˵ģӣǷŭ
аŮһΣһȼյ档
ͬʱֶзһ龧Ө͸ħ䷨ƣ˷Ʒ߿գС
Ө͸ɫħ䷨ƶʱɫ
ܿһˣȻаӢˬģһЩħͼ
̴Ҫҽġֶƽħ䷨ƽл͵ϮҲˡ
лӹħ䷨ơ
󣬺һ񣬻һ˿ȵ
ħ䷨ƣлΪνɷѿģ࣬лıжˡ
Ϊ²ߣ㰲սֶߣ͸ʮǰԶһĵħ䷨ƣ
˵ʲôء
лĸĦħ䷨ƣƸ̵ǻ۵Ľݣһ˿˿ůĵ
ħ䷨ưħ䷨ưץȥȥĹۿС򼤶졣
Ҳ⡣
ΨվһԣüЩ졣
սͱһлŬŬ졣
衣л߹ȥ
֮Ǹӵ飬̴ʦ֮ǲʲô鰡㡣
ԴˣлЦ
ɫɣ֪̾ʦ̴ʦкܴìܵģϣҺ̴ʦʲôǣԣԡ뵽һУлһĨɱ⣬ȴֲ˵ʲôǲˬҲҲҪ̽Ӵ԰ɣ
˵ͷ

һлеǹӱƸɢһ̲סᷢ쭣裬ҾͲ˵ˣԼ̽ʲôˣ
Ҳ֪ͷ
ӵҪö֪࣬һֱΪлǬƣĲȡǺ˽ġ
ԴӳΪĵӣȴ̲ǺŮ˵ĸȫǵߵ֮ǰʶҲѽܣʦҲĶġ
˵̽ΪҸһУó̽Աȡл˵Աӣ°ףκ˲ɫڱڮ̽㣻̽أʲôԹ˵һһǶûƫģ˵Ĳࡣ
лƺʦ֣֪ûʲôøУ͸һ˿Ū
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裬ҪǣҪܱ̬ȥԼ뷨һжҪԼ۾ȥȥҪȥᡣлƽ˵ϸ۲ĻҲ벻ʶ
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㣬̫ˣĵһתˡ
˻оħ䷨ƣ˭Ҳû뵽˻ͻȻֱŤ뿪ˣе㷢ɵ
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ڰ֣лЩɺȥɡ
лٿ裬ţ׷˹ȥ
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ΪʦԺϸΪõʦ
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Ƿȴлɱ⣬û˿ֻҪлͻȥ
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лץħ䷨ƣɬ̵֮࣬ůޱֻ̰
ħ䷨ƣ൱ʮʦħһַǳĴڣŵؼĳһսɵķơ
ħ䷨ʦеҲǼٵģҲдС֣֮ǿʮƽɫ޷𵽺ҪãҪħ䷨ƣѵĸսꡣ
սγɣǿ˵ˮҪѡ
ҪѰһʵǿս꣬ϼѣֻûԵɺϣſܵõ˶ԣʮܳһǿս꣬ӵս֮󣬾Ҫսԣؼͬͨµħӡ뷨ڡ
ʶħ䷨ƣֳΪս귨ơ
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սЦҪŮ飬Ǿ̫ˡ
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лֽƿξ׸ûȹξƣ
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ĹӣֻҪԲƣһܹᵽսһƿεƿǣһȥһ룬۵ֶƺ޲ȥ
ʱŮԱˮϲˡ
ʮˣڵġ

ǻûԣӱ㼱Ҵҵ
ʲô£֪Ҫ飬ǲһԷģ˵ɣǶҵĺֵܡ
ӵӵˡ


134  ƶһ
л˶һ㶡
ӵ£
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˱㶼վ
л֣֣֣֣λ̻ԻòͣôҲĳˬʵЦ¥´
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˽ǵùհսһĶͷʹĵлھУʣӮŮУб˸˧ģҲʰ
ЦַģֻὫŮߵģģͶ͸ɣҺܴ󷽵ġ
ӣôЦ
μ䣬λ뼸Ǣ˼֡
ʱǲŷ׷
ǲǺΪʲôôɣЦǺǵ˵
սЦԣлǾʵһսźĹϵ
üһ˿ǳֻһԭ򣬵ҪĻǸдл֮˵Եʡ

飬л˱˴˿˶Էһۣû˵Ŀ⼯ϣƷƣֶҲˡ
еѹ֡
ҵ鱨֯ʾʹаħ֮ˣ٣ǶٶǰĹ˼ǧ˿ƵĹϵѾγ൱Ʒһξƣ죬ȻξƵˬе㾪ȣһ֧ڵ۹ڣұҪ۲ǵһЩ򣬿źǣǷҵͼȥȫˣһλǿҲ䲻֪
лͷһû뵽˼ҾȻҵעˣ˼ӣֲܹ֣Ȼ˵˼ҵѾﵽ൱µĵزˡ
ҵĺ񱳾ˡ
лֹš
ָЩʲô˼ʼնƸȤֶʱ̧ͷ磬޾ƹӡ
ϣܹλڹڹ˼ҵ鱨ܹ˵ԼĴĿģҲλλ䲻ֶ˵ǳҪҵ
ֶЦҲãҹ˼ҵ鷳գЦֶһû˴˼ǲѽ
ֶƺսݣӦ֪ˣл룬ƵС
ûй˼ɳ͵ϮߵĻôˡ˿϶͹˼ìܵģҪǰæ¶ѣȴ鱨ҪѶٿ࣬ҲǷһ飬ֶΪ
۶ĳׯ԰ž
һƽӷָĵķ飬üë˫Ŀŭ֮ɫĶŵԴĹ˿ͣ㱻лӶǲǣ㾹˽ɳ˰ɱлôĵӣ
һƽѣҲûʲô˿ͱ
޴ŭȵǾͱӶŻΪͷǳ磬ѵ㲻֪ԶԤ⣬ʲôעĳɳ֪սֶʲôΪʲôлߣ޻Ѿ˺Ƿ˱¶ǵ٣ԺжĲ㣬Щ㶼𣿡
ʵĹ˿Դ
ô⡣
ңҲΪ˼ļƻӽġ˿С죬˵ʧܺɱӦòõĵġ
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˿ɵˡ
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
˿һѽڵϣ壬ǻǿ߰ɣˣ޻Ҿͻ֪ǵסصġ
ʲôɫĿ£۾ڷصⲽһɭɭĵѾ¶ˣһʱǻģǿԴ²һ¡
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ͣͦģʱ˼ǲܰЦתֶɿ˵ȥʮ𼱺˷Ӧͣǵ˳ߡ
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Щ˵лˣûԹ˿ɿڵζҲ˿۹⣬һͳԡ
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ʮˣ֮ǰĲˣûһظġ
Сٴ˦ӣͳ԰
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ս죬ֶƣ۾ɴˣðžⶢɢŵ滹һЩħš
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л㲻ҪĻ͸Ҳаսð⣬ǷȻ̴͸ķƣǶڵ˵Ҫȷãʹ÷ҪĶǵʹһΣҪϢһ죬ȴһ˿Ķ
л˵ͽлŰɣǷԵģ͸ıŶ
лƴǣǽˡ
ս˵аڵħ䷨Ҫ̫Ķǵ򲻵ѣǲܶõġ
ܱóȻͨɫ
ʰսелΪʲô˶ö͸ͨģȴֳ˧أ۰
ЦһƷ⡣


135  ƶ
սƵӣлЦҵȷƷܺá
սӵָ
һиˡ
ȥʣ˲ķſϾ˼ǻӣΨһĻӣٻеŤġ
սֶлһЩ֪ĸ۹һֵľ˶˲ȥ
ֻʣл塣
ΪС׻ûꡭ
˵ˣ֪٣лվڴڣŽããأߵķᣬϰˣһ־Ӹµĸо֮Ұо
ս˵Ĵţл̵Ŀе֪ˣǷֱͼ޵۹ĽݼĪݾիʮؼ֮һյĳؼ˵£벻Ч
½ҵ½ڷɣյʮ֮һĽ䣬̡ⷽս졢ֶҲ֪֮٣ǽӴͨ䣬лҲӴ䣬Ǿ޷ʮᲢۣʶΪصǱڸ֡
б޵۹˹³ӵеʮ֮һϵǹΣ֪ɴյķХǹǿ̶ȣͿжϳϵǹǱ̬ġ
һ˾Ժʥ̴󻤽ŽӡƷ壬˵ܶ࣬ϿɵľǣʵߣȴûᵽǷӵ䡢ؼ֮ģʥ̵ǿŽݣûֵƳܹӵкġ
˵һУҲǵ;˵ģ˺֪Ķࡣ屾ڱȤͲǺܴʵҲܾѣʶҲ̫ע⣬һ˼Ķڴ춷棬޵۹ڣҲһЩҪעġ
˵˵ɡл
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һ㣬лҲһֱ֣ȻûһֱӽģⱾͺܲ
޵۹ظ֣䶼ڶʮ꣬ڵ۶һͷǿ˱ĲʱǱ˲ų֣͵塣˵˹˹ǸصĴ磬˵һͱ͵ĸ׵ȥˣ֪ɣĸ׵ҿһϹż壬˹ʵǿб⣬˵ǱһλпΪͽܵģֱǰ޵۶ġ
лһ°ͣţ˹ƺǷͬһģʮǿսУһǣһսɡ
˾ʵġлЦ
Ӧֻؼҡҡҡͷϴѹʮ޷϶Ȥ󣬸ûȤȻаֶҲгɾͰ
лʼ磬ЦǿɲһСħɲô򵥡
Ȼ
ûи壬ѾˮϾˮ飬ʱСҲлʶ֮󣬵һŶƤ˱á
ٿϡ
Уа׸ߣеӶɨһգлԵĹһ£Լһٶӡ
С׳ܳ԰
ѽСŶƤűãһƿξƣڲʱĺڣһ̵ңӡ
˶С׵Ӹˡ
Ǳ˽̻Ի;¥
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˫ӭײ
лֹȻǿϲɺذǶ˹ƤЦⲻЦ˵۽⻹ɨһˡ
ȻĸγŮ˿ɵļ񡣡
Ͱ͹ͼ˹Ťͷ𴦣ƺлȾǵ۾
Σ̫Ϊˣŭ
ΪܱȥͼֵܵĹеİǿöࡣ̤ǰȥҲˡ
˾ô߽˽̻Ի;¥
лֹŭ壬ЦеԽĹǲµģµЩеĹ԰ɣǶ˹
ΪǶ˹˹ɫһ䡣
ſڷл߲ҾͲȺۻˣֻϧ̻Իˡ
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˹ƽĳ棬ֻһ۰ûб¶лޣסǶ˹֡
˹ˣΪʲôҪסңǶ˹ŭ
ڶ֣Կֻǡ˹˵˵
Ƕ˹ʱ侲ȷʵǸлĶ֣̻Իҿģ϶֧ű˵ģǸĿⶢлıӰǵļƻֱƻˣ
˹Цֻ˵̫͹ˣ߲֮ܽƽʱȵĶȻξƣ˵ĻԾҲӻȥҲûʲôҵļƻһһģǼƻ£ֻҪû
ƲأֻҪϢһ±ָܻǶ˹˵
һʮǿʼӣǺǣʱٽһ˹ЦǺǵĵˣ˹ǧ򲻿ԾӴˣԾϲԾ֣ѰһᣬһǽӴԾ϶ֵʱˣ᳹ƻǵȫ̼ƻ⣬ʹӶŵĽӴҲҪӿ죬Ƕлڱɱġ
ЩҶףǸлĹϵƺУҪҪ߲̻Ի飿Ƕ˹
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Ƕ˹Цһû˵ʲô
ħѧԺԺ칫Һϣ˫Ŀ΢գ˼ʲô
Ķ棬һֶ
ԽڿʼͲҪսлˡۣ΢üͷһЩûн⿪
ǲΪҲĶ֣Խġ
ҡҡͷָӷ֣Ȼǡ̾̽Яŵаħ䷨͸ˡ
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һŵĺԽһ
Ϊ̼ͬϹż壬Ҫȱˣս˶аħ䷨ƴʲô
лڵʵаħ䷨ԶԶûдﵽʹõĵز˵ҲжɱҪݱˣϾһа֣Ҳֻѡõģǽùɣ㣬һᾡܰʮǿıģʱаħ䷨ǲʹõġ
Խϲл塣
һõİ취ǴлΪлԭõ
㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣǵùý𣿡ڱл֮ѾңҪץ
ֶסԽԺиֳŶκ˶ľݣһȡ
ڰ֡
Խ뿪ˡ
칫ٴ밲У¿αƵĵӦÿ˰ɡ漴̾ƱõҪʼඣԸҪ粨һɫ񵤾ͻǰ¶ͼ治


136  Ųһ
뿪̻Իͣлˣǵסһط
·ϣлóħ䷨ƣĸĦţǶǵаŮĸо·𿴵̡
֪̽ڸʲôءлĵ
ħ䷨˱衣

лֻð̾治֪ô衢֮Ĺϵβñ֪Ŀأ
ӱ߶ȥ֪еĵλ
ĺͷۡ
ˣ˳ȻɣԸץţлֻҰοҪץţǰס
νǽƻƺ

ٵĽ´Ӻ洫
лͷһֻһãϻѪĴӺٵǰϵؽǰ
ܵҲģһƬڡ
濴û׷лȻô£֣ӱ㵽˽ǰ
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ΣգлһӦˣץסħ䷨ƣͬʱȥסӡ
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лгʥ̣ɫ䣬ſл㣬лл
ϵңлǾ衣
ϵϣ̡ӴڴڵĴϢţ˵˹˼˵ľŲ֮˼Ǻʥ̵ˣھ綾ģѾˡ
Ų߲ߵĽ壬ҲΪŲ綾Ҫ߲߿ֲһࡣ
˵ʶһ˼ңлҪΡ
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лָԺл֡ҩָ
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˶˵ܼ򵥣ǵˣҲΣϾħ䷨ƣеˣҩָ飬ܴȥ
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Ų߱ȽģһȺӵħޣǵ֣ȻǳȺӵģұһŲڣʶͻγɣվŲͿԿߵ߲ߣһ󡣡δ͵ǾǾŲֵĵطԲǧڣоŲ֣Ųͻʤ߳ԵԷľŲ߻ʣĻһŲ߲ȺߣҲ˵ڵ۶ڣ߲ߣǱ˼ҵŲƵġ
ԭˡ
Ųϰԡ
лԽԽ֣Լ֪ʶѷԭڼ֪ʶԨվ޵۶֪һˡ
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ʥǸʲô˼ô˵ҲԻһʱǵаħڣٴϣôԸʥءлĵ
δҲû˼Ӧܼʥ̵ģعģҹ˼һɫǶûкӡǣҲ˵ʥڵˣҲȫӵкӡǵģͱȽѷֱˡĿһл˵ͺʥǾеԹ
ô֪ģлȻ̧ͷ
֪ʥжԹģԷǳ֮ٵģ̸ֻ֪սֶƣûи߱ˡ
ٺ١δӸЦ
лһơ
ͼδе㷢ĵ޸ҵģʱȰбģҪһӶڵȻһλĺ󡢵Ůģû뵽һûʼ㣬Ⱦҡ
лҲЦˡ
⻹ɺϣҲδ֪Եɣ޿벻Ͻӣ޿϶֪ģʶܹ³ʥҪԼ
лֹ޶Լչ˵úܰ
Ҳܹչ϶ɫеĹϵֻ˺ƵǣƾԼɫ񵤵ģֻ޺˶̬ȽȻ෴ѵ˵޺ļǵжԵģ
үүˡ˵
δЦҴˡ
Ļ䣬ʹŲֱŽˡ
Ҳˣȥ䣬һ˫۾ǳ·һܿ˵ȥһʮӣֱվſڡ
ܣûˣδϸδݣ˵ɫڣж𣿡
δǸδǰӳȥ˳㽫Źϣ˵˾Ų֮ѾлСֵܸκˡ
ţŲ֮Ҳܽ⣿δ¶֮ɫ
˼Ҳ˵Ҳܸ顣δʼ磬һҪܵӡ
δֻһ£Ҳûϣлļͷô˵Ҷܣˡ֮Ǹм
лһ̣лСβָͲܿƵĲ
һĻδ翴
һ˲䣬лδһۣ˶һ
ôˣδֵĵ
лҲжˡ


137  Ų
лĻδЦôж
ŵĻش
磬жˡδǿе𾪡
ôȷжˣδ￴δ綼ӣҲʶܲԼ
δΪѵĿл
ù
л뱩¶ҩָڵΣƺӵҩָ飬һչԾϣδ磬ڿδҲҪ֪ˡ
ûлش𣬶ǿδ硣
δϱ֤ģҴԲ˵ȥģֵܶ˿дȥҪҲú
ܣδȵ
磬лֵҩָҩָҽľŲ֮δ쳣˵ţ㴥ҩָвǾζţҲжˡ
δɫ΢䣬Ŀ˸Ŀл
л΢΢һͷ
ŭδӿεɢѹֵле͸δҲˡ
һδŻָƽ
벻ҾȻжǺǣǺЦҪǴȥ»Ϊ½ЦЦˡδЦлǾ鷳лֵܰæඣ֪ɷһ֮أ
лЦǲ룬Ҳû취
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һ㣬ɫ΢䣬ôܣ֮Ȼôжʱܲˡ
ܲܽȣδʵ
Ȼԣֻǲһʱܽġл˵Ժÿ죬ҾưɣҪʮΰɡɲ̫ʱ䣬Ҫץʱǹؼ
δųһ
δʼն侲ĺܡ
Ĺ۲죬ж೤ʱˣδ˵
л̴ڸĹҩָ֪ʶԼжжϣ˵Ҳ˵׼ܲ㷢֣ӦԶҩʱҴԹƣʮ˰ɡ

δһƽĸ飬ɱڵĵ
Ӧˡδﵭĵ벻ҴȻ˶ңǺǣѲⰡ
ֵǸʮʱ䣬ƶϳֵݡ
лҲĴɲֽȥڵʵȥҲһɱˡ
ֻû뵽δⶾѾ޴ıˡ
ʱ֮л֣жѾˣȻûиоⶾ̬ġ
ǱҩָˣҩָδЦǺǵ˵
лʼ磬ҩָҪҪܶεġıܿδҩָǿʣ֣ˣ죬ٹɣˡ
δﻹ˵ʲôδקһ䣬㲻˵ʲôˡ
Խл˳
վſڵӼлǳһϽ
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δҲְ˱ŵĴ󽣽ϡ
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Сβָָ̧ǰ
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㣡δɱⱬһ㵽˾Ųǰкһһɭĳ
ϴξǾŲҧһڣűץסģδеǳ衣
ŲȻû뵽δȻûнŲ߻ʵĵز޷ֿ⣬תܡ
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ڿлһԲȦ̾һɫĹȦγɣֶҪߵľŲ
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󡭡
Ųֹͣ˻ΪһĽ˻лġ˻˻
̧ͷĹˣɵһЦ
δ˵ŲǺĴڣܹе߲ߣ˿ʮ߲ߴ˷֣ĿȫлδˣлŲȻ׺ݵĶлʹЩ߲߶д󲿷лȥ
ùưǣҵùˡлЦ
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֡
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ǸδӴӦһγ˴󽣣ǰǿҵĶӿ۶Щ߲ߡ
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Щ߲ߵط
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ŲҲһײ׺ݵľδ磬ֹȥӪȣȻʵУδһʱ䣬Ҳ޷
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˲ߣ伶ҪھŲȴѾ߱ΪŲǣƣҸµǣһ߲ȺӵоŲ£˲ߵĻǾζžŲҪŲ߻ʽ
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лһʥն˳ȥͬʱӿԷĶʽʩչġ
ףԼʵԶ޷Ͱ˲߿⣬Ψȫ
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˲˻һſһ˸Ű˲ʹεš
Сģǰ˲Ϣδһֱڹע棬ǰ˲ţʱ¶ŭ֮ɫѡ
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漴ֻᵽлְȭڡ
лֵܣնŲδϲʱΪסŲˡ
áлȭҪͷ͡
˻˻
Ųŵƴܶ
͸û֡


138  ׷Ķ񻰡һ
лٴλȭ
ȻûзӦ
ͷ·лĿƣлʹã޷ͷųлɵһЦͲôָʹİ
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񲻹ðδЦ
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꣡
Ҫ˵δδͳ涼
δЦӦͰɣ֪ȫ½ֻилʦӵͣǸлʦ͸㻤
šлεû
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δ￴лֱһ£֣Զûô򵥣̡ޡս졢ֶѾˣھȻðһл
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棬λδϺȵ
һ䣬δͳǳĬĽ滻λ
˳ԾŲսδԲȴؾŲ˫ɱѷѽ⡣
δҪɱ߲ߣǾͼˡ
̣
һδ翴һ߲߶Ϊأ߲ɫѪҺմ棬ʯ鶼˺ɫðŶĺ̡
߲֮ѪҲо綾
лû̫⣬ҩָԵʣԾ綾Ѿûʲôоȷʵͬǿһ亹
δӡ
ˢˢˢ
߲߷׷ױնϣ档
ɱļصģֿԼЩ¾Ȼһ˸֪˶֣ǲ顣
̼䣬߲ͳͳɱ
δ̽ŲҪɱ
󡭡
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δᣬһɨȥһƿնȥҲϵȫһնŲȵ޷ߡ
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ŲҲſһŲϢ
δɫأ֪ŲľŲϢεȵĿ£ǾܹδϢĳֲĴڣһҲǱɡ
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׺ľŲϢҲ֮ɢ
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δһǰǾŲһصնŲߴ紦ڱɱһ
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лδˣл˲ҲܹϮɱ棬ʤģȴǡǡ෴
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δ缱æ赲վû뵽һ㣬ٶһ㣬δܴŲͷ
Сģδ羪е
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140  ɽӷͼһ
˵лˣϲŭԵĺԽ̲סЦˡ
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ս˦˦ͷû취۾㣬ǲҪ̫ʣʵǼҲеġ˺ԽһƣԽ֣˵һֱ庫ԺȻΪлĻдд裿
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溫飬֪֮٣˵ǼһЩҪս֪ģ
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141  ɽӷͼ
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辪ϲĺ޲лĻС
ҲŻԶǹŻô򵥣ȴ޷Улȴˣܡ
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νǾս˼
һʮʲô֮ģԲ˽Ƕĸ֡
ΪֻһˣǾǿսĸ֣սĸֲֻһ˵ʱǾ֮ƴ档
仰˵ǽսʵս֣ʷֻһλսʼ֣ڳɹ֮ʶҲ˵ûУǳǹǿĳ֮һ
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142  塾һ
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дڼӴǿ׵ҪƬػٵлǳɫĹâ˸Ȼס
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ͬʱɽӷͼʵУҲһת۵Ĺս졢ֶƺͱ˸ոռоҪȥоɽӷͼ
ܹĸоɽӷͼ̲ʲô
ԲŹᣬҲǣ˹ˣǵ״̬˿ս˲
оǺԽ
ֻǺԽȽϹ죬¶һ˿ĪķУɽӷͼпԼԸ⿴һĻһ˫۾һĨɭɱ⣬ԽԽŨأʹΧЩʮǿԱܵţ޷ɽӷͼ
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лսȼˣ˲˵Ķ֣Ϊ˵ļԵʡ
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Ŀл˵ɽӷͼ̺һ϶ǳҲֻƤëѣ״̬òǲа˰ɣˣôʺͻ͸ľϲĶԵ۹á
Ҳ˼ת
ʼңϣΪʲôκţҲˣʱҲо̣ܲûңû취ΪڻʼңǻʼһΨһ
ʼҾԭڸˣǵȻǸȺел
ôӵҩָ
ҩָļߣʲôأ
Ŀлһʱ䣬Ӷлʺ;ϲȻ˷ɵٿʮǿᣬԭһ
˾綾֮󣬾ҩʦ޵Լ飬λˣǶʮ
һʼҾϲ顣
֣ʲô𣿡սʵ
ֶҡҡͷֻǸое㶫ڸңȴץסͺһ
ҵĸо߳һսֹ
߳ʲôʱ߳Ŷˣ϶ԼоġֶƺĴ
˵䣬Ƴ衣
ʱ˷ܣʱԻʱȻ
˶һۣԾĵˣ
žžžž
ʱһĹ춯ȫŤͷл˫۾ɵıţۻҪĶ࣬Ȼл
Ҳ٣ֶƵͺ
лǱ̬Ȼͻˣͻˣս
ǵģлͻˡ
ÿ춼ڳһܹõʱ֮ɫ֮ٶȱǾ˵Ŀݡ
˷һͻơ
лڼλľ硣
ҲɽӷͼѹϹŲõЦݣȫһɣڹй궯
л̬оɡս켵ʵĵ
лЦҲû뵽ʱͻơɨһۣǵõʲô𣿡
˿Цҡͷ
лֿ˹ҲһĿƣͬսһܹɽӷͼһЩٸǣȴôҲץԽʱ򣬺ȻֺԽ˫Ŀ죬ɱ֡
һٶҲսֶƵע⡣
˱˴˶һۣлɵѵɽӷͼĸоǡǡ෴ĲɣһаĶ
ɣһͼôܸͬĶأֶҡͷοҺ˶򲻵ϼ
˵ĳԽȻһָ
ͷȥͱĿԣƱԼһƣľˮ̼Լѡ
ͬʱҲɽӷͼѹ
裬ͻˣлЦ
˷ܵĵͷҲڼλŶ
ʮǿУ鼶һңĶڼ磬ǶʮϵģлͱȴǴͬлܹʱ䲻꣬Ǳ裬ΪӣҲһʱ䣬ȴѾӵм뵽ڼ磬Ϊͻͽġ
ӵԽսڴﵽڼλǿ˳룬ʮˡ
ôʲôлЦ
ţҹƮ˷ܵصǷǳĶŶʦ˵ǰŶ
սֶƶɴ۾
ҹƮ㣿ѧҹƮ㣡ս쾪
ǰ˷ܵصлѧʲôҿǿĻҪء
лʱеɵˡ
ɽӷͼ̺ŷһֶȻҹƮǲƮϵľ
ɻɨһۺԽСǲʲôױĶأ
˵
㻰ءһѡ
лЦѧǡС
Ҳ٣
սֶͬʱվһֿڣȻ֪Сζʲôǿǿ
һɤҲˡ
ûʡԽĵ
ܱûǿսƵ˵ĺԽɫ࣬˵Ļ
ֶƵʵлȷǡСôǡҹƮ㡯أ
лʼ磬Ҳ֪ҽɽӷͼ֮󣬱㿴ߣԳƷ񣬡СĴߡ
Ҳǣֻ˵ҵ츳޷աСȫ壬㽫ҹƮ㡯͸ˡ˵
˸һǵõͻơ
ǵϲѡ
ˡ˺ƣܹоɽӷͼжɾ޷͸ȥǾһơ
лЦˣβܽǿɣܹóɽӷͼôʹڵıȻ࣬ѡһһŶõĻǿǻˬˣλĸ߳Ҫˬ


143  塾
лԣսֶĶˣȻϹż壬ڵļ̡ǱϹż൱ģǾǧһľ룬ɲһġ
ҲˣǶڻʹڵĶʮġ
Ȼ޵۹ǧ꣬Ǽǧ޷ȣ˼ұϾǵ۹ʵģӵе۹ڶȨһЩǿĶؼǺ顣
ǿбս죡սʮĵ
лЦҪ˵̫ˣɷˣ˹񡢺ԽҲǺöԸģǣбʤģ
ƲƲ죬սȻ̬ˣҶģοԽǸһУҪףҲѡ㣬ôܻѡҺأ
⻰ǲ
лɨһۺԽǸ
˭Ҳ֪ûдɽӷͼʲôһ򵽣Ǿͱ˵츳սֶ֮ϡ
ĻҪͷˡ
һϹŴӵܣ˿µ츳ĳɳôˣǿĶ֡
λſɽӷͼʲô翪˵
ӵ¡εһԡ
һ֣뷨Ѿ֪ˣţҲǣͲҪٷʲôˡ
̱졣
ֻǽ˵˻ӵµϿɣ˵ƳһˣлЦá
׳գ
˹˵˵ɡɴֱӵ
˹λλҪ͵ģֻ˲ǰλøǶˡ
ĺܣʲôҲû򵽡˹̾Ϊɥ
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˹ŵ¶ɬģҡҡͷ֪ܷٴ͵Ļء
ǿѡ֣ٸһλġЦ
л£ϲ
սֶҲ¶ϲ֮ɫһֱע⺫Խлȴüͷһ壬ΪûпԽ¶ϲǺƽӡ
Ҳ˺ԽЦԽͬѧƺٴɽӷͼû̫Ȥ
лһ͵͵Ĵָ
ҲһЦ
˵еСĬȻڱʺԽûʲô
ôƯֶñ뷨ҪǸŮ˾ͺˣһл޶˵ðôһͷ
ʵǺԽޱδɽӷͼʲô֮ӵ¼¡Խĵ
ˢˢˢ
һӣл衢ս졢ֶơ˹ˢˢĽĿ⼯ϡ
ڶʽĽ͡
ʿܲɽӷͼڵľ
޷Ҳһܹĵ˵ǡǡѾɽӷͼʲô
ԭˣԽͬѧȻʴӱЦ
Խһڣ֪⣬̫͹ˣ˵̫ԸˣΪֻܹɽӷͼڵİ
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Ҳڵ͵Ǹ߰ͷл˶ӡ
ԽͬѧлĻҪˡл˵ԺйϵһûкøУȻ⡣
ǺǣҲϣʮǿһսܹлְԽЦе˵о˸
˵Ŀڿн貵Ļ𻨡
գҲɴЩıζˡ
һӣ欵ŮɽͼٴξٱⱭƣҾ;ܰɣһѾлʹ֧ҲҪһˣλҪ֡
ҲңӵÿһӢģӵġ͹ͼ˹˵
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˶԰͹ͼ˹ָ
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罥ϰˣҲˡ
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ҲͷȾƵһ˲䣬лȻоһɱɱһæͷ
ɱ
һ͸ųǺ˻ͬը죬Ľ̻ԻһබΪ֮漴žžžž
߸ͬʱƱڵϡ
ǻǰں󣬻мʮǿԱ߸ȫ˱˻ɱ硣
ͻı仯˶һ㡣
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ鷢Ӳ뵽ʮǿĳԱУȻ˰аŵģǵĿĲʲôѡҪϮɱ硣
ɫԺһͷ
ʮǰʼĲãҪʼˡ
ߴȫڿԾ𣬸ԳУǿ˵һɫٶ͸֣ޱȣ˾Ρ͹ͼ˹˵ĺ棬缫Ȼ͵Ϯ˹񶼷ӦҪ˵ˡ
𣡡
һХˡ
ߴڿյһ˲䣬лһⱬȥ
Ƶ磡
жеĵһ֣ԡ족Ϊе϶
ڳ˾͸еǰһһ⻮һӹƵ磬˻ĥ͸Ĵڡ

ײߴֵıлһȭ˱ǿĶˤ
ΪҪðʮǿѡ֣ǵʵ޷̫ߣͻע⣬Ȼ˵ģʱױܲ⣬ǵʵǲģܹۣȴʵ൱
ߴҲԳɹϮɱʮ㡣
ֻû뵽лٶȾȻô졣
쵽ĵزһڿգһŤ׵磬˵ӹǷȥ
ɱеһֶϺȵ
ʱĴֳǿɱл׷׽еıͶȥ
ױն
лʥѾץУ˳ƺɨһС
ĳɫ籬䡣
ӿϱڼλľɲڼλܱȵģʵǰһ󲽡
꣡꣡꣡꣡
ĸлĸֱͳͳлնϣǿġױնһѪɳȥ
ͬʱȫڣƴĽͶ䡣
ȥ
Ȼӵ£
£
ʱը˷׷׳֣Ҫ赲ͬıС
һ֣Ǳȴ̫ˡ
޷赲
ҹƮ㣡
轿߳һζƻ꣬ɢŶ˵һһѷ

ǰɡ
ѵȴȥƲ
Ƶ磡
л۾ȫʩչַӵ쾡£һһĨ
ɲǼ䣬л㵽ǰ
ʥ
Űȭ׵˫ٿȻǰ̽
žž
ѵ˫ֱַץסһѵӳȥǡ
ۣۣ
͵Ϯĸֱ࣬
ǰ󲻹ӣлѾߴֵĹȫ⣬նɱˣشˣνսˡ
лҲʲôп졣
ս˵ǾǡøֻǸ˵


144  ؼײһ
ɱǣҴɱӵ£Ҳǵ۶ʲôˡδȵһǰ
۶٣
޵У
Ͱ͹ͼ˹Ҳͬʱȵ
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ѵǴ˵ǿҪĶֻҪ˵ܰ˸޵лֹ
񣡡ɫ䡣
ǲǷŭͻ֡
žžžž
һ춯
еŴͻȻӿĹѸٵĽ̻Ի¥һС
Щҵĸ֣ĸͳͳ赲⡣
һܹ
𡭡
˻ȻǴ̶˲ͿлնɱȻվ
ȫɫĶӿ
һĨѪǵ˿ڴ
أأ
˷ֱѽපıγǵ۾Ҳ˳ɫģ͸ɭɱ⣬һɹɵĺɫϢǵɢ
ǾȻˣ
䣡
ʧѾõĹ䣡
ԽֶͬʱǺȻˡ
û˱ǸζʲôˣǾǿ֮ҪɹҲǷǳ̵ģ޷ܵǣһ˾䣬֮꣬Ҳ޷ӳֻбɱſֹܳ
䣬аؼ֮һ
䣬ͻаĽʬֽʬͨĽʬܱȵģɱ䣬ͨˡ
𣡡𣡡
ĺ߽ʬĿз
˫ĿɫĹȫ磬ǰǹ֮󣬽ʬս
˿̵ǡɱ磡
ʬͬʱɱȥ
۶٣޵Улһӵ۶ٵ߲Ǻ棬ս۶١
߽ʬһԾ
ΪĽʬµǣսǿǰеսɣҲǽӲģǺͨʬĲͬ
۶٣
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죬۶ٵıػ߽ʬ
΢΢ζһ£߽ʬȫӣԭ޷ֿƤȻƤûơ
飡
߽ʬͬʱ
ĵ۶ٶʱзˣǽڣҲ֪ǷΪɹ佩ʬ֮Եʣ۶ȫǶǽڡ
۶٣
еļƷ
սֶƻ̡
߽ʬǿǰȥǵĿ硣
ȥл÷ǰһ˫ȭǰʯ൱ǧĿֲȭͷصȥ
أأ
ǿ񱩵֮£߽ʬŰȥͷˣҲĵɳȥǿֵĺԽ
ںԽˣлźܴľ衣
츳֮ߣҪս졢ֶǿһߣǴĺȻõȫǣʵ˸޷֪жǿ
л㿴ĵơ
ʶ߽ʬ͸
Խ
ҪʵҲǲԣȻҪܽʬģ˶Ȼᱻע⵽ܲ
ԽҪת޽ʬĹĿ꣬ȴΧ˶ӿˡ
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𣡡𣡡
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֮£Խתӹͬʱ˫Ӷ޴ƳڿУصڽʬϣٴκĿսֶˡ
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˶ʬעʱĹͿߴ͵Ϯ߸еһ忪ʼޱ䡣
ԭֻһҵ̼䱩ǵ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ȫ·ͳͳıѣҲ֮óһ׳ĳ޸նȥ

һؼ
֮Ŵսһࡣ
ߣлס磬һȥ
ĵطȻһԾɸоļлһֹӾǲһƤŮ˵ĶҪá
üһĨ
ƮƮĶ㿪
Ƕն緽վĵطķ飬ŮҲǿֲĶննɱڷ
˹Ƕ˵סϺȵ
˹˿ЦһҲⰡֻó֣֮ĸֵֵס
˾ʣл˵ĸڡ

һ˻
Ĵֵͬʱ
ǾȻҪѡԱ
ԱµըĻԣһڼλֶۣԿԽһƼλɷλĸָɱ
ĴͬʱԱǱ̬ġ
裬ٶȣлȵ
ף
ͬʱʩչǸոɵٶȶ
Ƶ磡
ҹƮ㣡
һһ⣬ȥһͬƫƫţһķ㡣
ﵽ޵ٶȡ
飡
죬˱лУһĺԽ
飡
һҲУҲԸͬͬԽȥ
ǹģԽˣȻǿĴͬʱԱֲֿĻԣҲһġ
Ǳ边Ȼлһ޵ľٶ˵Ĭشͼ׷ĺԽ
лǳĵѵ
Խıˡ
ĴֵѾ͵˼ޡ
ػٻ
֮µĺԽΪڲʵ˫һȭϡ䡱һ³һ档
һ޴֡
սֶһҲǽƻúܣΣȫ߽ʬķ˹ȥ

Ĵͬʱȡ
ǵҲ̼䱬ը
䣡
ıը̻ԻͶҵҡǿֲıըನ˷
лܵ
˷׷
ನһαͳͳĻΪҽ桢ǽڶѺۣŴҲǿҵĲ߽ʬҲըķѣ׵군ˡ
˺˵£Խ
Ѿʧ
Ϲżľ񣬾ȻµؼֵܹĴֵԱǲͬ˿л۾źԽ˼ת
ԽɱڵĶл޲һڳǼǿҲصؼȻôعˡ
𡭡
˹סĿ񻯸
֮Ϲâէ֡
ͬƮɢڸѪȴٵĻ۹ȥϹһѪɫļУͬʱҲٴ
Ѫ׿񻯣
ڶηѪ׿񻯣
һΣǺԽս졢ֶɫˡ
ԭѾʵٴ⻹㣬µѪɵѪɫеķӹ
Ҳģ˭ƵĴɱ̫ˣۣÿһǾĵļġսƿڴ
лɫҲ쳣ء
˴δɱǻ㾡


145  涷ײ
ǴﵽѪ׿񻯡ǿսʿлɫҲܹоǿսʿĿ£ǹɾĵƣ
䣡
Ѫ׿սʿӽն
бǣ죬ĦЧʾѪ׿սʿȻ׶ߣȴһ㶼׾
һ˹ˡ
ߣлǷˣЩʿļһĿ磬һٴӵ磬Զȥ
˹ǻʵٲȫԸǼ忪ŭȵ
Ҳû뵽ʱ򣬾ȻҪʵ
ǿ벻̣
˹һۣһЦļ֮Ͼ˼ǻӣҵڣԿԸشġ
ɣҵĻ飡˹ȵ
һϺȣǰٻڴһ޺һϹٻ
һ޴ħ޳ǵҰС
ͨ嶼ɫĻƣԼף峤׶࣬ռ൱ӴĿռ䣬ͷһɫġͼ
ħޡħ
Ǻöٰ˹ıħԳɳħޣ˹Ȼгɳλĳħħл︹̣Ǵơ
ħ֣ſڱһ׵
䣡
ֱ۴ϸ׵罫Ѫ׿սʿ
˹Цһָһ㣬ϺȵħҵĻ顭ںϣ
𣡡
ħһϹ⵹ȥ
Ϲû˹壬Ϳ˹ͨϹʢһɫа
ؼںϣ
˿Ѫ׿񻯵ĳؼ
ˢ
Ҳûţ΢΢ζƾʧӰ٣ʹõĺȻҲʧĴ̿ؼӰ
ҲչֳԼؼ
˿νؼײˡ
䡱Ѫ׿ػٻںϡӰȻֵؼ
˭˵޵۹ƣ
ء
ħն˹һ˻𣬻ӽ
ʱһħӰ֣ʵһ㣬׺ݵĳɱȥ
Ѫ׿սʿҲҰ
䣡
޸ħӰ飬Ҳһζ˹Ҳʹƺһˡ
һнӴ˹ܡ
Ҳѹ֣Ѫ׿սʿ񻯣ԭȻǿģֻʼһˡ
˹ðˡ
ϸϢĴѪ׿սʿš
ǣ
Ѫ׿սʿһŤͷѪɫͷͻĦоȻʵһ㡣

һѪ׿սʿѪѪ׿սʿһɨõɳȥ
ֵؼЧ
ҪԽͬѧæл绯һ⣬ںԽߣЦǺǵ˵
Ѫ׿սʿͺǣƵģϵתΡ
ǳֵҲʱ⵽ַĹѺۣ͸Ѫ׿սʿòӿжˡ
л˵ЦôķͷءԽЦ
ҲġлٺһЦͻȻһ֣͵һѣԽ˳ȥѪ׿սʿ
ѿЦû
ЦȻӣٴлĸо
ĿԣȻжһ˿˿ĶȻ࣬ȴлȻ뵽˱迴ԼĿ⡣

ҵ죬òȡɡ
Ͻɿ磬ǰȥֵѪ׿սʿҲܺбȥ˴һ𰡡
лԽŭ
ʵлֻû뵽лȻ޳ܵĽƳȥ
Խͬѧ֧ס㡣ле
ԽͷһлվЦ֣ж˼޵
ߡѪ׿սʿ
Ƿѣ˵Ĺȫӣ׺ݵĳɱȥӶ޸ݺݵնȥ


ԽгһѳԼһңͨ溮ޱȵĳһùǳ޸бնȥ
꣡
Ӥֱ۴ϸĳ޸ĳǺɭɭնˡ
Խƺɨһ
ѪŽ
Ѫ׿սʿǰѪɫѣһѪѴһ׵Ѫۡ
ʥֶƵͺȵ
һѳʥǺԽʵװɣлЦ庫ԽһЩϸˡ
ӵгķġٻػǿĳʥ
ƣ
ԽӶʮལ
ˢˢˢˢ
Ǽ͵Ѫɫ̼ؤ©һƬƬ˿Ѫ
ŭѪ׿սʿƵŭ
ԽһЦתȰѪ׿սʿı׺ݵһ߳׸ߵѪ׿սʿߵķлҪ
𣡡
Ѫ׿սʿ״ʱ˷һеĳɱȥ
лĵԱĲ̶񿴳˲ûԱļƣҲͷˡ
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ȭҲһֱϡ
ױն
ĳɫĵ˸ٵĻ۵ʥ֮ϣɫҲȻ
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һ̺ǿ͵ĶǼſԽսף˵ǿƥ
Ů㣬ת࣬л硣
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ʥױһѪ׿սʿҲʶֵĿֲǶϳصĳ޸˶ĸͷֵ
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˶ĸͷһΪ棬Ѫ׿սʿҲΪ룬ҵȥͬлնɱˡ
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£
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лʼ磬лԽͬѧֵĻᰡӳӵ£ǹͬΣ˻ǿ챣ӵ·ػʹɣд̿͡
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紵ķᶼҡΡ
ԶĻʹλ˷ӿſ磬һӰȥ漴дһ䶯۶ʮѪһ٣лɱ㣬ĲΪˣ


146  Ļع顾һ
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Ծüëһ˵ʥѾ͸壿
лͷ
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ҪƸζˣҪؼҿܵڼ飬ͳͳεԾ˾
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ûʲôŭɫޱȵƽ
Ž͹ӢΪѡµ
ǡ߻ش
Ƿһ˿Ц⣬㳤ˡ
סˡ


147  Ļع顾
ŮּҳȨģȻ˵ǳˣô޷µĻ
µĵŽࡢӢ˶ҰĲ֮ĺӣǵգ֪Ů˲ѱҽʥ̣Ҫɹһνѣ뿪ʮ꣬ǹͷǵҰģҲ㣬ûк֮ǵĻֻܳΪǿߣȴܳΪߡ
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ȻһЦµܹȻ뿪泹׷ſֽԼͬʱעڣ취ڡ˽תƿӶڡ˽棬ȾϣˣȻĵŽࡢӢУС֮ʰֻǾ֮ͣ޵۹ҲСⰡ
ߵ˵ǳ硭
޷˵ҡɫеǸлϼһѾʮˣȻ棬ҲãҿԼٽܱ޵۹ĻơǷһ˿ɭЦ⣬޵۹ܿͻᱻƿأ
ֺ޵۹ѡڽֵʮǿڡ
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л衢ֶսֱӽʮǿΪʮǿ˴ɱ类ɱճ߸λ鵽ǵǩλԶһ鵽
ΨսҪԼ
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֣˵˻᲻ûɧһأл˫ֱۣЦſվھ̨£ԾԾԵս졣
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ղؼңлͿ𺳵ĳ档


148  ɱ䡾һ
ؼԺڰڷżʮʬ壬ؼ˺ػߣڴͬʬ壬ؼҼʤص¹ţ峤˹ͳϹصĺԱ
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ƿԼķ䡣
лͿһЦеϿ
磿㣬ûлɴ۾ŴˣȻԾϣô£
ǼٵġԾЦ

лųһԾཻ̣ܶȴѾΪ֪ٵģôô񰡣֪𣿡
ҼʱҲܳԾԾ̾㲻뵽Ծ˹ıɱңǸٵԾȡҶ֮ΪؼҵĶ٣ԾǸģ϶ᱻ˼ҿƵģؼҾ͵ڱˡ
յļı
лһû飿
ֻүү͹ܼ֪ҸĸͶ嶼֪Ծ˵
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ΪʲôҪлüܲ⡣
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ûжֵĻܺ룬ؼҺпܱ׵Ϳ߽⣬ҵϣɱ˹ͼԾϣȻðԾϣڼͳͳǺǣϵܣ֪ҾЩ˵ʱʲôоȻҺ裬Ҹεϵؼӵܣҵʱͽȫˣһ
ɱЩˣҺܲܲҽĿ壬ܼͨвأʮһеľӢȫȥүү˼Ҹָһ·
Ծϳл׵ʱԾϵ飬ε˳ζǷǳܵġ
ǲҪ뿪л뵽ǸٵԾԾϣԼδϢûʢµֿԡ
Ծϵͷǵģ˵Ǹ˹ˣԾϣǿ϶֪ģ巽һ˲µûֲţȻѲңбģҾڵ۶м屣ҲȻֵģɴؼҺĻƴǶѾǧٿ׵ؼ˵ǲģҲΨ뿪ǸԸ
ԸʲôлȻһΪżԾϵֻ뿪۶ԾϽǰңѿ֪
׼ȥлʵ
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лͷһģ

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ԾϱĵӦ˹ΪڽɱģҵʱѾˡ
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ħ֪Сʱ򣬾Ͳˣ裬ҺһֱǶˣҪʲôŪÿҴڹ׳ͷģȻûˣô찡޽е
л磬޾ͿްɣҪ㣬Ҫ뱨Ļ;ĺ
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149  ɱ䡾
ΪСħʮִģûблŵ̬Իʵô죿
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ҲһЩˣһվһǰǰѰҶЩſǡ
лɨһָۣԵĶӦоУ٣Щԣ뵽Լ
ж䲻࣬ȴĶ
ԶаȭаȭȽر𣬾оʮ꣬Ҳδܹ͸лûѡԶ
Զгױն;ȣֶȲðȭȴҲ൱ʮ㡣
ΨһǷȱľľԶ
뱻˵ľԹͬлľԾľѾϬޱȣ˵ڹ棬˿ԡ
񣬸лΪľ
ûľԶϣǾ̫ԲˣοлҪǿһܹġ
лֱľԵĶ
ľԶԵĶҪٵö࣬л˵òľԵĶ
ʹ෴ľԶҲʮÿһİڷŶģÿǰ˿š
лʼ
ѡľԶҪ󣬵һǶڶǵĶߵں
ʵ̫࣬ѡһСʱлѡһľԶ
ơɲǷ
Ȿۿʱ۽Ƴ͵͵˴ĴָлЦˣŶܲ
ҲûԥͽɲǷ
߹۹ⶾһʦҶ괴󶷼֮һһȭһǾҶնɲǷ⣬ΪľԵģľԵս͵ͣ˵ֶôѶ
лԴϲû뵽⡰ɲǷȻҶ崴ǿ󶷼֮һǿˡ


150  νϲһ
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У˵ȵ
Ϊʲôԣβĵ
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Ҫ֪οǽڵ۶ҵĹӣݺεһӵоλģȻûʸлȣʲô˼
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λͨˣԺкܴôġ
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벻ǣ޻ҵѪϤȻ˸Ǹע⣬ЩֶֶŮδͳͳĶ֣ĸ޴ʦĵӣԸδ֣ǵıְɣ磬Ҳֻһˣһˣֱĳ֡
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ѹ޻ͷ޷ܵʹлһֽģڰ˷ܡ
δԽЦԽָδ֪һ֣һ֡
죡δ΢죬ŭȵ
Ϊ޻ҵ⣬δΪδֵ̫Եʣֵܲûлӵֱ֮˴˼ĸҡ¼ɣδҲںˡ
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ٺ١δ΢΢죬һжĹͰҲһɣȻС壬Ӧףҵ٣ȴûʲôζɣҲŻδ͸Ǹϲġ
лһϲ˿ϲȷ൱һ㰡
лһ˿ϲãδĪһЦϲҪ˵Ҫ˵ˡɤӣ˵޻˿̫ϡ٣ܹм꣬ʵǺܲװԾγһŹֵ󣬵ͬ˵ģһ˲ר޻ʵҪյĶط
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δ˵ҪΪʵۣȫĵѧϰִ֮һ˼ķ棬һҳΪ֣ôҽԶһλλÿһһ̳У󲿷ǻҳԱҲһСǷǻҳԱ
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δվ˵Ǿػޣ
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лĿǳΪǿµһ֣߿ûйʵϵĺܣػ޾ζűޣ½Լʵοκķչ֪ʲôӣ˺ܲˬġ
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̵ıǿϹżжǰеģҪŭ̵ļ壬̼䣬޵۹յġ
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Ҫʲôأ
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лڹ⻬ĵϣ˫ַԺţŶȣǰζӳ£˼һ£뿪лҿʼ壬Ϊ̣նɱʹӶţϮɱаʦͼ³ٵǣʥ̳ΪУЩҲˣĻк͵Ϊɫ񵤴ĳޡ
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ƫƫл˯ˡ
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󣬿ϾǻʹңûˣԼԼĴڴ˳ȥ
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̾ˣתſŷһʱɵˣ˺ð죬ֹ÷񰡣
λʥ֣ʣҪҲһٱѹƣҪ˯Ǿǲܵģ˵˯ţǷ壬ÿĶԿһٱѹƣͻᱻѹȵϢС
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ǳµһ裬ܹԵĸолҲǵһθܵ
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ְְ֪Ȩޣ֪ڶ㡣˵һ˵ְἰ⹲㣬Ĳ͵ֻܹİѱƺһ
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156  ʹš
ȳĺԽʣ޺޵ĵһлԱһվں󣬺ܹӡ
ǺǣлɡЦ
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᲻ʶԼװ֮ԵķУлˣ䵭ĵԺ˴żҺܶ˲ŶԣѵԺ̫æСﶼˣ
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ҿԷɱ㣬ͱһ𣬵ǡƳһ̣˵̶ϾһйϵԺİ·
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157  ʹš
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162  ֻվ

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лһվ㣬Һöˡһת˱ȫԵڵϣɻǵ˵Ļһٱ鰡һٱ飡


163  һ
˱֮죬õҲһЦڸղţлɱᣬֻתۼ䣬ȴǬߵݴ
лҧгݵӣһġ
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ܣлȥһץȥ
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ôʮҪǿĶࣿûʦħͷųӡħҲ͹̬ˡл뵽һ⣬ΪʲôȴֻǺأѵҲаɣ
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164  
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аôлΪԼǰѺųƵһҲС
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ſ̵ĶߣлСֹһʲô̵նʱһɫ֣ظǿٵš
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Թ˼Һǿǵӵȴ̫裬Ϲżе˼Һּңսֶңɳһ˼ҸˣٶֵĵգһУһϴ˹˼ҵĶͱ⣬˼ĶȥаħҶʦɲǷıϹ·ɵ


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ǣ
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ȫߵ˹
žžžž
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ͨ
ڵϣһ仰˵
վһŽڵϣ˸ӣûĶӣĶҪ˵ıܶűһٱ۵Ĳĵ˵ΪʲôôΪʲô
򵹾¹µı׵ģһգˮ۽ǻ£Ҳ룬ôɣһĸҲᱻɱİ
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һǶ⣬ŭȵƨһڵôܺȣضֲ壬㻹ұܵĶ𡣡ŶӱԼӣҲ۵Ҫһ뵽Դ죬޲ý
Ϊһˣһڱķչõ˵𾴣峤֣ȴ飬ʹ
˵ɣô¡ܵ
˵Ҳ֪ô¶ģҷֵʱ򣬾ʱޣ뽫¸߸ףҽⶾģ˵˵ˣͻɱĸףҸţ˵һСʱڣеһö鵤ˣҾ͵ģɵҪɱĸ׻ɡ
˭ĵ
Ҳ֪ͷβҶûҡͷЦҪ֪˭ͺˣֻܶ϶ǱˣݺܸߣĳλϣֻԽӽ峤㣬Ƿ֣Щӣһֱڹ۲죬ص̫ˡ
˱ĻҲĬˡ
л̶һۣ֪ˣǶ˳
С㡣̧ͷˣɬһЦ۷һĨ⣬·һӲϵĺܶࡣ
Ҳɬı۾
̵ĵ꣬ľٶҺܲͬһжΪĸĸ˵㻹֪ģε飬ұ㲻ˡ
С㡣ʱݺᡣ
Ȼ޲ɱ˱꣬ɱϾԼⰡôԼĶȥ
ڰ̵֣ǵǾҳǸͽ


169  ͽ
ֹ
ʲô˵ɡ˵
˵ҾҪǽ峤е֮Ƴˮڱµĸ֮ĽҩǸͽݣһʱѷ֣ԴС㵽㲻ٳˣֻһҸҵ֮¶֮ء
ǰС㣬֮̾
Ҳҩʦʦľ綾ҩΪֻܽϣ̵ϡ
̵֮ĽҩҪƳҲҪ߰ʱ䡣
ܳ̾һ
Ҳ¶֮ɫ
֮ҲֻյʱѣѾȥˣӻ鵤Ҳ޷ӳٵ졣
⡣лԼգۣ֪ʩ˱Ƿһܴˡ
ܡ길ȻĿл
лֻΪ̴ļһүñº˵ģһֱûô̫ϡ
ţɣ۽ⶾӦǴʦˡЦ

ҸӶɵˡ
ʦҲ̫˼˰ɡ
л˵ǽ˵ҩʦˮ׼Ͼл鵤ҩֻⶾ
С׼ڰ۲졣
һ˵򷵻˱פֱ峤ҹң;̱˱ܳϣ峤ҹе֮Ǻ֮ʱлᵽһŨصҩζ
һЩ̺ˡ
о峤ҹӶŮҪһƽⶾ֮Ƕ򷢳ȥˡ
꣬Ҳȥɡܵ
лЦأдá˵䣬˴ǰͿҹήҵڴϣȫƤһĨĺɫһԲϵԵ˥ϣš
С㡣ҹͼ
峤㰲Űɣھ͸ⶾЦҲֹ˱ҹѯʣܵܣⶾɡ
л΢΢һЦڴߣСβָĵڱҹĸ첲棬ʱһĨɢ͸ҹڡ
֮һ涾ȾŲ̫֮ϵˣֻҩָ΢ҹ첲ϵĺɫٵȴ
⣬⡭Բ˼ĵ
΢һͷϲ²ûǧҪ˵ȥ
ףסܼæͷͬʱ꣬¾˵ȥ˵Сⶾġ
Ŷ꿴ĺãȻ֪ҩָ
Ǳҹǳ
ҲʮӵĹ򣬱ҹ֮֮׵ı̱㷭ϲĻһ£ȫҲڿٵĻָС
⣬ͺˣ꿴۷ֱ
ҹһЦˣˡ
Ҫҳ˭ͽĻҽ峤Լװδⶾ̽㡢Ҷֻб뿪ͽֵġлЦ
һ˵ڼ˶һϲ
ҹЦӢ۳갡ͻȻҹãȥȻͽǷⶾǡڷڣôһȥͽѯʵġ
ͽֱ֣˵̽ҵһֿӳ֮İ취лЦŵ
ʱףͷ뿪ˡ
Ҫţ治ҹЦ
ڵҲѹˡ
ҹ˵˱飬Դ˱ҹûֻ֣˵꣬Ǳ꣬ҲܴΪм˵֮Ǻʥ̳еģҹԻ峤ĺࡣ
ԼСʱ֮ɫѾʼŹ⡣
귵ˡ
Ȼˡ˷ܵص
Ŷô˵ģлʵ
ʱ˿̣лĽشԾûֻһϤһЩҩʶݣ֣̽ϢľͲҪˣĳĽţ϶жġ
ҹüʲôж¶
Ϊ̫أû֪˭пǳϣʵȻһȥ˻ᱻ֣ʵǿģֲţֵεľڳ֮ˣ˼ҶȻעģԲܰиġ
ģ̽ʹ϶ڣǰҲû취ģܵñͻ屬ҵĳͻлһĨǻ۵Ĺâŵ˵ӻ峤Ĩһ˵ʼǵĿԶ׼Ҫñͻ屬ͻĿģ䲻̫һԭģҲ֮󣬻ϢϢпܾҪ巢սýڡ
л٩٩̸ŵӣ֮ɫ޲˽лĻࡣ
л˵һûпˡҹϲ
ܶЩ̫˽⣬ֻһԡ
ǱǾȡ
ʱȻš
նʱ洫ĽŲ
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ҩʦһæµӡ
лͱڴ֡
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ܹΪϣʺϿڡ
Ŵ򿪣һʮµӴ˽С㣬ϣǿҵ峤֮İ취ˣ
Ŷϱ̵ĵ
ϱС㣬һҪ峤
Цҵһӳٶҩİ취ӦÿƳʮ֮ʱѾƳҩˡ
ģ̫ˣлС㡣ϱϲĵ
̵ȻһЦû˵ʲô
ǰҹͼʺɫ˫Ŀ΢գήңɵ̾ϧ
ϧʲôϱʵ
峤жûǣƻ峤ǿҪ壬һѵʱˡ˵
˶һ
Ǳ˫ĿһĨɱ⣬л״æһס˱Ŀ⣬Ҫ֪Ǹ֣ǿߣĿ⿴ĻӦģԱ΢΢һЦҡһ֡
ǹɺ⣬ҲмĿһлΪһƻƻǾﲻˡ
˴λȷʵ̫֣ȻڱĨҪǿԸһѵĻҿԿһ¡̵ĵ
ϲлСǡ
壬̵ļ䷢չģҪǻЭѵĹϵһ˵Ҫ̵ļΩǴӵĵزʱôôеεǣҲǺ顣
ţ˵ɣʲôᡣ˵
⿴лһۣ̲δ뿪˵Ҫճأ
⻰һڣڴϵıҹҲٿȻ۾
зһĨ⡣
һѻȸ
δ˵лķ̵ҲһĨϲ֮ɫƺôĳ档


170  ʦҩʦһ
㰲ӡ
ſڵȷǸûᡣ
ô˵Сͬѵ壬ǰֵˣƲסĿϲ֮ɫ
ͷ˵ѵԣɱˣһ֪ͨ壬м峤ǰЭġһ٣˵ɣ峤޷μӣϵʵǿȥ׼ɡ
ظ°ϡ
ȴû뿪
𣿡ʵ
ЩΪѵĵСҲףǻ峤Ѿλĸ֣ұ峤֮⣬ܵУһػֻȥѵˡ
̵ͷʵ顣
˴̫ˣʵҲ޼λ峤λľ磬Ҫȳϸ߳һ
ȥס̷ʵ
ǡ˵ΨСݣܹμӾģҲԲػĻǱס֣ȡһ̵Ľѵ
üһ˼ӡ
һплֹòΪ巢ͻɣƷƺҲ˷Ѿ˼
ʲôã
кơ
ðɣҿͬ⡣̳һ뽻Ҵ
ȻȻͷ
лĲ׽еһ˿ʧˡ
ȷʵȻҪôʵͬ⣬ȻɣȴҪԴʹ˱һ˿ǡ
뿪ˡ
ʩչĶͨȷ֮󣬱ҹŻȻվ
ıȻҹ뷢էĿɱ쵰쵰ȻҪʥ̣ģ
Ҳɱӿ
ƺһ˵ȵĵߣڡ
ΨлһãȻʲôð
ı治Сɫĵ»صʥ֮󣬴㽫ʥ߲ˡ
С㣬ҪҪԺʥٴηǡҹյĵ
ҡҡͷûôףʥԴӱΧ˹һ֮󣬱㽫ܲҪҵǺѣοʥ̲˶üкģΧ˱ӳ顣
ҹʵô죿
ܵܣ˵ɡЦ
лӣȻ֪ʲôǺȻʥ̵Ŀñǣƻ֣ٶ֣ںʥ̲湥ǵ̼Ĳ֡
ЩͼˣлЦ򵥣㲻Ҫȥס峤ǹȥ峤һ£һǡ
ѵҪ򣿡ҹü
Ȼ򡣡лЦŽԼ뷨˵˳
֮󣬱ҹЦлٵıǹ˰
лҪС£͸¶κˣţţ죬һᱻҪ峤ģ峤ͿԻװ֣ͨμӡˡ
Ǿ̰СлˡҹЦ
˼ƻһЩϸڣ̺л뿪˱壬ǰפأǻɽ
ǻԵģǵڻɽڣĻԪǳ棬ԶԶапɱɸΪǿĶֻǼʺСѡ
һ·ǰУлһֱھ
ʲôΪʲôʥҪȡл;ѯʡ
̿һЦһΪסءЦл촽һ£˵Ҫǧܳ죬ֻһöһ죬ôͻܹһλʮĸ֣Ǳ˫Եġ
ŶлǾȡ
ʮ֣ǿɲ츳߾ܹﵽģҪ͵ǹӾԼһЩ
˵Ⱦ磬ʲô˵Դﵽģ̵ļ츳ߵģмȫ֧֣Ҳδ̡ܱ֤֮Ȼ˵δʮ֣ȴû˸˵һΪġ
һΪʮ֣лʵ
һЦǺǵĵ֪ͻ嶼ϹʱʥսʱĴѪǸʱѪⶫģֻҪӵб˫ԣڱºɴﵽλº۳˱Ȫˮʤһǧǰһλս鿴˵ֻҪڱºɴ»Ϊʮ֣⣡
ԭѪйذ
лֹʵӵб˫Ѫж˰Ӧò̫ɣ
һˡЦ
ѹõǼϿɣǺǣǼõһʮĸ֣ôԺ󣬼λ»ɡлЦһʮĸ֣𺳵ģκһǿ
ҲףΪʲôѡƱ꣬ΪǱܵĶӣΪӵв˫ԡ
ԳΪʮ֡
ʥȻҲõôһʮ֣Ͼͻ嶼̵ļϵУǶһʮ֣ô̵ļԺʥ̵ıɱ֮ģǾԲǺʥϣġ
леܸˣԱνо֮Ϊϴˢ˿δʮӦ൱ꡣ
ΣһҪ˵
л˵ͷ
ӱ嵽벢ԶֻСʱ·ֻ̣һСʱ˻פء
˵ɽȴǻɽ
ܻľϡٵúܣٸһЩܹͳµֲţ󶼳ֵɫģħܶ࣬㶼ǻԵħޡ
פؾЩɽġ
Ա˵סǵĻɽ˵ɽźãʱ嶷ˣмذġ
̵Ҳǳͨ衣
ʹȻ
ֱҵ˻峤Сһͷɫĳ۲ʱһĨ⡣
˶򷢳ȥ֮˵Ҵ˴ǰΪ¡ġ
С㣬ǶԲĨȥġЦ
̵ţ֪ҹ峤ҲΪɳ飬Ƕ˽Ϊˣͱҹ峤ȶ֮ǰ˭ӴĽ
һֱڿǣҹÿ궼αȶѾʮ겻䣬ֻΪд輼գʵÿξ֮ǰҶὫˣʦΪҼ˵
˿϶ŶЦЦ
ţҲȷʵɫҵıʱҹλϣֻǵһλһֱû䡣
ЦĿͺðˡ΢һ٣˵˴γֵǺʥ̵磬ǵĿҪȡ
ʲô
Ȼվ𣬡С֪ģ
ô죬û߹ˣʵ
һˡصǶţҲȥҷ˵֮һɫ쳣ѿĵѹ֣ѹŴҽϢ֪ͨϣҺûдӦ޷϶Ϊ
лһЦȷǾȻıϱʹԶŲ˻ɣֻһֱû֤ݱѡ
ڵǶǸν綾ʦǿҵȤλ綾ʦϣΪаʦͼ³ڵĳҩʦĶʦãƾԼҩָܷܡ


171  ʦҩ
鿴ѾˣȴȻЩͷ۲ѣɫЩصĵС㣬ڵڼҳˣҪǲҲɣǺʥ̷²̫ô˴ɳ綾ʦ˵Ķƽƽʩʵǿ֮ǸҵıͿĨ֮ҹȶ֮ǰҲִδжɴ˿ɼ֮Ƿ֮Ǹ綾ʦָӦԲأ
ڶ棬аʦͼ³ӹǿߣʮֶҲǼɵֵģΨһܹаʦͼ³ۿΪ׷ľֻˡ̵ĵ
ǰԸõİ취ǳ䲻⣬һٻɱٹأǸûлϮɱü
΢΢һЦ綾ʦͽɣֻҪ峤ҵļƻ£ܹڼȫġ
̱㽫ƻϸĸ֪
ƻʵҲտʼ
л̴ڻһصءƶ
ƶһɽ֪ιֻ̮һＸ׵ںħſѪ죬Ϊֹ˽˵ǻʷǿһλλ֣Ҳδ̤뵽㣬ֻһĻԵ滨ھģǻܣ˲ö֪̣Ҳѯʡ
黨λڻƶһ״
һ״¶Ѹߴǧȣͨĸֶߵط㱻ָ±˵ġ
лܹ黨ԣҲ̵Ӱ֮£ŵģףҲֻǿǰʮңɼǸµĿ³̶ȣԶô򵥵ġ
黨߲һңͨʻɫɫСְɫСԲΣʹмλ͹ԳһһöɢƢĹӣҴС⻬Բһ˿ĻΧƣ쳣ˣ
¶ôߣҴʱҲмǧˣ㣬˵᲻ڣл黨Բ࣬ڡ
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л뵽ɫ񵤶ãһȥӦҪɫǷзӦ
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Բ򵥣ڶһЩʶ̵Ӱ֮¡
ĵȥӦ
ɫȴǺ޷Ӧлִ黨˻ǷŵĻģɽһ״ΧеĻ涼黨ΪĶڵġ
ƴ黨
˿˿Ƶ
лЦһ£Ծûа㷴Ӧ
ݡ
ͬʱһ춯洫
лͬʱһ綾ʦǰźţӦѾ֡
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欵Ľл̾ˣ򸴺󰡡
Ƭ̣ɽ⴫ҵĴ
ˣˡ̵
лҲܵĶͨؼȥȻܿʮ΢ĽŲ
лʵĶͨȻֻƤëķΧҲѾ쵽ʮ׵ľ룬Ǽء
ܿ죬ӰǵС
һߣͷһ˫е㷺ƵۣɽϹһĨõЦݣ̧ţһĨɫĹν֣ͬʱҲһȥʮӸס
һͷɫĳһ˫ɫ۾ȥ죬һϮɫҩʦۣһԼ׳ҩˣɫεıС
磡̶ӣ
Ǻʥ̵ĳϣʦ磬Ҳֲ̣ҽƶδԭСš
Ȼ֪ͲҪκ뷨ˡȻ
С㣬ҪļѹңӲһףҪˣû뿪ĺá۾ɨʱһĨ֮ɫ
ϸָһ㣬Ǿҿк͡
һִ˵ȻС㣬ʦҩʦʵ޷ҿ⡣
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ҶͼҩʦƷ׵һƬɫҶͼҩʦƬɫҶͼζҩʦʵ
¶ͼǸ߷һͺ
ʦҩʦСҩʦ츳ȻǼ亱ģֻϧץסҩʦһƬɫҶͼı־ȡ֮ĺȻƬ͸ʯҶͼǴʦʦ
лŵĿ硣
ʦһֱȫ½ҲֻʦҩʦҩʦһǶʦʦаʦͼ³ֻڰͼ³ڶĳɾʵ̫ߣѾΪʦĶʦ
ЩʦСҲаʮꡣ
ȴֻʮꡣ
ȻǴʦ
аʦͼ³Ҫ֮ˡĴָղնܳԽаʦͼ³Ϊҩʦһˣ
Сһлң
΢΢һЦʦʦһΣʵȴ֮ԲǶ֣Ҳû㽻֣Ķ˵ʱһָлܷõҪͬⲻͬ⡣
ٺ٣һСƨѡͬ鳰
ȻһЦлǰһԣͬ飬˳Ϊս
лЦĵϣʦҪаʦͼ³ʧ
˵ʲôɫ΢䡣
ûʲôǲСɱаʦͼ³лЦǺǵ˵Ŵӿռָóаʦͼ³Ǹռ
ռӴռлĿռָ࣬ұ滹һЩĻͼ
Բаʦͼ³Ѫ
Ѫл˲ֹı飬ȴδʲô֣ԭϵãǾӦ֪аʦͼ³ǴӲֵİɡ
ѪӵнⶾЧվ綾ͼ³˾һˣҪѪξƲѹھ綾䷴ɣʶѪӲ˵ĿĶлɱаʦͼ³
лһ¡
Ĭˡ
ƶһʱѻȸ
СĽĽ䱸ţ۶ͬ飬磬žĶǿҩָǰҲ޼µģ޷˺л˵ġ
ûȤһζð죬ſڵ
ôлʵ
һаʦͼ³Ҳδҵ֮ľ綾ܹԸˣ


172  ʦʦ
綾ʦһлͻȻЦˡ
ͬȴɫ䣬û뵽ȻҪôһԼע˻ΪνĶʦһЩ޳Сˣǿ糤ģ̫Ϊˣ˵һֻҪǴӦ飬Բᷴڵġ
磬Ǹʲôѵ˴󻤽̴Ӧǵ𣿡˫ĿԲȳ
лЦھԼ
ǶʦҪﵽʦȻǾʮεⶾȻҲ൱һֽ壬˴˻֮γһȫµľ綾˵Ⱦ綾Ƕʦµľ綾νĳ֮Ƿ֮Ϊֻγɵľ綾޽֮ǶʦҲ޷ƽ˵ǰ磬ʮΪʦΪֹʮ꣬һֱоھ綾İ취ȴʼղ䷨Ѱаʦͼ³
ԣɫ䣬˵ֹˣ㲻֪Ӧʲôǡ
аʦͼ³ûа취л۾һڴܹշԺŲɹĺôΪһܴ뷨
һ뷨ҪΪҩʮƷԻ֮ڲ
ҩ
л̶һۣжĸĿģȻǽ֮Ʊδʮ޹ء
ֻʮƷϹŴ֮˵ǺѾ룬Ҫ˵һʥ̵ĳϡ
ԭˣǾԽһ֮ɡл˵Ҳûаգܹסаʦͼ³ľ綾ɲô׽ģӵҩָ
ʳָǼⳤָڸ첲һһ˿ڣһƳְɫѪҺָһ
ಣ
ǰɫѪҺȥ
ѪҺзɳɫΣƶǧµӴȴûбյĻΪǱһɺɫĻ⣬赲ա
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лۿţѪҺδһ׵ʱҩָ㲻ܿƵĲǴδй飬лľ֮δеľŲ֮ҲҪǵ巽зӦġ
˶Եޱȡ
һĨĽ
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лСβָ貵ĽţٿȻһָǷѪҺ

ͬ壬һѪҺл۳һ㣬лСβָһĽ⡣
ഥ̾ͿѪҺ
ҩָȻҩָĵ֣л䣬ܹɱаʦͼ³ΨһĽ;ҩʦҪʰ·ҩָ
뵽ҩָĴţʼ
ϣ
һĻͬҲɳ
ˣԾɽ䱸š
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˵δǿ֮һлϣĳɳھ͸ùϵ˶Ժġ
֮лͷųӥӥȥ
һγӥл֪ʲôٶȣ
뿪ٶȼ㣬ͼ޵۹۶Ҫʮ죬ǳӥȻֻ˲죬һ;зһЩٶȣһζȫǰУĻлɿֻҪһܹ
ͼ޵۹޵۹޵۹۹ҵʵۺ񣬵۶Ҳȫ½ŵķС
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ȴпܣòԽͷ
лһֹ䣬ȻΪһطʲôطʲôĿأԽս졢ֶϹżӵܶһأеºܲ򵥡
Ҳ֪ɫЩĪ⣬תػĸʲô


177  ǿƵǳ
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178  ǿƵǳ
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179  Ů롾һ
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˳ĺԽɫ࣬Ҫɱ
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˫ͦΣϸӯӯһգλԲǿ΢ҡڣ˵ջ˫޳ȣȹ֣۵ĻȥʮȻ
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лҲһŮɫ֮ѡֻ̬ڱ滯Զûĺ̵ĳ뻯³ˡ
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һЦǷ֣Ըеĺ촽˸Ż˵ĹҼС롣
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ս̳ȥлҪҰ㿴˶ʮ߰˵ˣڻûһŮˡ
ȥףлʵڼˣ
ս࣬ǵһٶʮߴΡ
лһһ²Сֱ˶ʮΡ


180  Ů롾
ĵ̴˵ǿҵĴ̼欵Ľվڴڣ޲͸˷ļ¶ǺԽҲ̲סɫʵĿ̵ϣصɨ޲ÿ谭͵˵塣
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ԽҲ׷¶ʵı顣
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ǷлɻС˵ˣҪñԼ˵Ȼߡ
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лҲǼʶŮˣ绨̣˪ı裬׿ԽŮǾɫǣǿŮԾһ˲ʧ񣬴Ů֮ڴŮȴһ񵭳ζ
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ҡͷΪʲôܹ˶ϵΪ㣬ҵõ鱨ʾлƺʲôأһܹõҪΪ֮Ķء
лͷ
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181  Ů롾
תлĿãԲŵģͶ˿ǰٱħŮˡ
Ҫıݣʵ̫ѣħ䣬һЩĻױȴ޷ı䣬һĸǴϿһģȴܹıʣڸһ
лѵԸˣΪʵ̫滨˵Ȼ֮ɫ
лԣҲܵѵֻᶯԼԼƺֵС˰ɡ

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ŶлҪٱħŮʲô˵
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Ѫл̧ͷ
ӳаŮٴεɹ
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лϽӥɲǼ䣬Ҫɱ֮ҵǰ˵ٶ֮죬Ѿ޿ݵĵزһȭлͷʱӥŸո𶯳δɡ


182  ޾¡һ
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ʱ˿̣Ѿû˻޵ĻˣŽλ磬ҪʮԵĲࡣ
ͬʱ˶ˣʲôϹż壡
Щĵ̫ˣĸԶô򵥣ֻһʮ֣˭˵ڰʮû֮ࣿ
޶λʵأ
ǶʼɣνӶʧܣǷʧܣǲ޹̫˹ע⽫ʹӶƵǰġ
̬ʵʧܶѡ
û޾Ȼ֮ԭΪߴϹż嶼ֻʮֵģû뵽ȻصġŽĵ
ٴ𶯡
ߴϹżȻʮ֣ô˵ߴϹżʮѾﵽ֪ˡ
ʮԶôϡ٣
ܲ޳δʮ
ߣһֻѾУ֮չʾʵҪˣΪչͻƽʮ׼ɡŽ
ޱտڲԡ
ȴˡ
Σ㶼Ҫòٴοڡ
ŽЩʵЦû˿ɱң˵㣬ǳҲûǸָޣϹŴΣҾͲţ½Զƶ򣬽գұɱ㣬ǻս
ҶʸûС޳

ŽЦ
Ц޾࣬·ѹе֮ʹ࣬Цһߴϵ
䰧֮Ŀ
ŽЦ룬͸һֿζ
Ƕ䰧ʧ֮õаĿ
֪ǿʦеǿԶսʿ޳λϵľ磬ѾԺͶˣ
ǳ˫ֻգָƼ䣬·һƬƬʵĹӰǺȻһƬǺ
޷·һƬϡ
Ƕ
ɼĸܽУȫǵⷶ룬Ҳ֤ԾУʤ
ָƼ价ƵķǱ貶ĿĹ⻪ǺųʦݺҪ˿־ľ˫䰧֮Ŀȥ
ǧǹ⻯һǹ񽣡
飡
Ŀ۶ɵε˲䱻ǽݻ٣޵ҲӡŽǰ
ۣ
Ѫ衣
ŽҽУɳȥ
ɣҵĻ飡Ž֪׷ɱҪˣٻ
𣡣
һ춯ء
ڴ۵ĹâУһ޴Ӱؼ䣬ǺȻʮ׳ƾˣ˸ŵɫâͬͭĿħޡʨ
ʨ壬ӵһѪĳħޡ
ʨȴʯӣԴͷˣȴʨӰëȻëǳ׵ľ޴ĹǴɵģͨ嶼ǻƹۡ
λħʨ
λ֡
ʨǹ룬ʥˣѪΪʮҪùˡ
ܵ˷
˲һֱҰƤǿˡ
ʨ̫ʢˡ
Ҫ˵ǿǰĪŮǹϵģʨӵһѪĳޣſԳΪʮħޡ
ˣŽĵ
Ҳ΢΢һû뵽ŽȻʨֺħޣҲ˶ѣûκγԾ㵡ҡŵӣһǿƣָ֣ʨս
𣡡
ʨԸţսԣһȫ̳˰ɫðƣųȥ
ˡ
ڲ
ͼ޵۶ڻζ
·綼ʨ
ˡ޵ĵ
ͻȻ˵ǲԾĿлȴԾڻУһж֪
ʲô˼
ûʱȥ˼ˣΪ޳ˡ
Ծһֻ֡
ûб̬һࡣ
ָ𶯣⣬ѤõĹ⻪·Ҫһкڰ·Ҫرǹ⡣
ָңǬ߸
𣡣
ʨҲſһ
䣡
ָʨĹ˲䱻߽⣬ʨĽǰصץסʨͷһӡ
ӴʨߵķݣͷѪˮɳȥ
֮䣬ʨ
·ٴ𾪡


184  ںϡһ
ǿᣬ˿⣬ϾǸµϹŴǻ壬Ǹ£޳ΪʮѾû˻ɣǿᵽּʨŽ࣬Ǿ̫ˡ
һЩϼһ뵽һ仰
ߴƶԲ鰡ߴֻǱΪͨһ޾Ȼ˺ŵʵ
ߴ嵽˶ٵ
ĵ̰
л޿Ž࣬ð˴㵵Ļ
Ž޲
ʨĹͨ˺بǰ֮õ谭ͷԭΪʮģ
ȫѻȸ
ÿһ˫۾ʺĽĹâ
Ȼˣ
ʮ
һʮȫ½ġ
ûлΪʮˣŽɭɭЦֽһһѪ֮ϡ
ѪѪɫ⻪
΢Ĳ
һĨɭҪһеĺٴŽٵᵽȷŸӿµĸо
䰧֮Ŀ
ֻһΣʤ
Žͬʹޣڱݣһ޴Ӱֵĸڸ߿С
񣡡
Ǵ˵е񣡡
ָǸߴӰֵ˻һЩ˵ŵûȥ޾ѹʮ
޵Ȼ֮Ȼ⡣
һоյ̬ܶൣĵ˷ŵġ
ĿŽ۽ǻһˮ
ˮӨصȻһ顣
ѣһƵͳͳĻ۵õӰϷȫӰŵġ֮ϡ
Ӱ̤
ˢ
ջ¡
ǰһȻ

ն޵ϣ̽ȥֻ֮ϵ·һ϶ѡ
ܣܣ䰧ʮ֮һû񽫻ӵŽٷ֮һʮѾͨʮ磬ҲλôӲŽྪе
ܣŽྪе
̾ϢѾʮıԵȴûʮĺ壬ʮѵ˵ÿһʱʮʷϴڵĲʮˣ߶ʮĴҲ٣Ϊʲôʮ⡣
Ļ˳˼
ʮ˵ʮ֡
к壡
ƺζλ̤ʮĹؼʲôأ
ʮʮŽĵ޵Ļץסʲôȴûץ
޵ûбҪȥˣ
Ҫɱˡ
˵ľһʮȫ½Ծ˼ɵĺʥ̴󻤽ŽƱ̡
ʨɱŽһʨ
ʨޱԭʧʨ̧࣬һ˳ȥʨĺɳȥ
ʨ
ף޸ʮˣ˵ѾʮҲΪ̫ǿˣŽܹġ
ȥɣ
ǾΪޱʤʱŽȴͻȻЦƷƵȥ޵ȭͷ
ֱɱ
ƫƫŽȴҪ˵ȥ
䣡
ޱɱһȭŽһ˲䣬͸е޷ݵĳȸдһɫĻŽڱ
ǻӲӵġ
ֻһףȴĵɳȥ
ͣʶǻףʱֵĽ
ŽھȻһ͡
ǿޣʮĳֻ֣һƵ;Ȼܣĵɳȥ
ȳڵŽ෢˿Ц
ͣƣ
ɫڱˣȷǿǸζʲôصĽı޽
Ž˫ǰöһ̻һȥ
ǻƣ
ֱӶǿ
ǽĪĹ켣նػһ͡
䣡
ײǽ޸ǱѪбɳȥǽǷĽ
ǿ֮ƣһࡣ
ͣɱлŽĵٿһų貵Ĺ⻪ԾɻԲѵл

л
л
лϵȽϽļ˶˭Ҳû뵽ԭռݾϷ޾ȻͻȻܱǱе޻֮
ŵǣ£ŽȻǵҪɱл
˾ҪӪȶܣΪʵʵ̫̫ŽĲٿ£ɲǼ͵лǰ
Ǳлս춼ӦֻĿš

һ춯
˶ˣлϣĿɿڴһĻˡ
ǿ̬;Ȼһ㣬ûлϡ
ôʧˡ
벻ı仯ʹ˶еת䣬޴𺳣ŽྐྵȻͻޣ;ȻԵлûˡ
ôܣôܡŽ࿴Լ˫֣Ȼʧȥ͵ĸоͣ
¡
ȴ޷Ӧ
ͣͣͣŽ಻ϵغеǺ޷ӦŽɫˡ
ûûзŭûпҰֻɬΣ˫ϥһڵϣз⡣
ٴһ
Ǹʲô
ֻŽˮĵͷң޺ʥ̴󻤽̵ƣһ˵Ůˡ
İˣİˡŽ˫ץ£۷ֱģϵ˵
޼ΣҲûж֣͵ͻ֣µ뷨˲֪лݣһЩ£οǣлȻлջ͡
ŽӴޱĻˡ
߰ɡǽ䵭ĵҿ㲻´ҿ㣬ɱ㣡
Ž·ûֻĵħȥ޹ϸˡվң޵۶ķϵȻ֮ɫһתʨߣ
𣡡
ʨתԶȥ
޵Ҫлϵܷκεҩ̧ͷεգҲȥչˡ䣬ʧ·δֹֻصǼʾŷһ֮ս
һ»ָֻΧߵȴԽԽ࣬ĿⶼڻԵлϡ
еһж𣬽
±õĪ⡣
ͬʱҲɫҰ׵ˤ̵ĻУһ˿Ѫή֮лû
С㣬ôˣźһֱΪ㻤֪ʲôֻǸе޷ܵ
ҧгݵĵŽǸŮ˾ȻɱлŮˣɫ͸ɭɱ⣬һգұɱŽ࣡
лСõ飬ɱŽҲͲˡЦСӦл˵Ļᣬɽ˰ɣ
ᵽ£ҧֹ룬ںˣ
ɵˡ


185  ںϡ
ںϣ
ԺһƬհףֻĸ֣ôû뵽仯ȻģںϣǾζл֮佫ǧ˿ƵĹϵ
ڴĺ̲
С㣬Ǹô죿ЩĵĿ㡣
һĨɭɱȡ飬ɱлǡ
ŵȫһĻСʧǳģٱܻ޴ɵĿܡ
̣Ҫһ㡣ĵʱ򣬸÷ľҪȥΨзܳɹ
ˡһ̵ܽӡ
һеƲ򵥣ںϵԵʣҪлˣڵҪĿǻָˣȥҡ
ң㿪ʼ
ͬʱڣԴڻ״̬лʼֲȻԺ׶ΣǸеһ޵֣Ȼֻһߣȴǳǿơ
һȪˮٵϴλ
һ˿תλãлָһЩƾԵĺתԺͷҲѹ
ĴӻѹҲʶĿʼۼӿҲڼӿָ
ֲͬһ˵ϡ
лЩ㵵ǣԼȻԶһ֮£ǹֻһߣȴ˷Ч
ǣһԼơ
ô
ѵл뵽һԴȥԺ󶨸ĻȻֵӰ
飬ǾĸԴ
ǿ˵һصĵطΪֹҲܹ̽صǸΣһ뵽ʱḡֳһЩԼϵ֮˵Ӱʱ򣬸ֵľȻӰ
лò˼顣
ǽ䱸ʮ㣬ôܻôҲлǬ衢֮һǡ
ŻǰһУлһַ֡
ǸһӰһ˿˵һ硣
˵Ȼһ˿ںϡ
㣡
лӿһǿҵķУҪɱ˵ĳ嶯Ȼ֪͸ںϡ
ģ
лϸ䣬ȴ޷еİںϣ̫죬޷еİ
˼ȥûһлͷٴԺ
˾ͺأ˷Ȼ˺ܿ죬˷Ѿ˼⣬Ҳеƣ˯ȥ
ٴʱеѾ߳ɣֻǱѦ½ⲨĵطȻʹ
ף
лȻ۾Щŵļæ鿴ԼĶ
˯ʱڵһпĶȻ˵ĶںˣĶٵһء
У֣ԼʵѾƼλıԵֻҪԼӿޣͻơ
һ벻顣
֣ѵ㲢ûж⣿ô޵Ķ͸ˣˣȻһָҲ̫˵ɡлеܲ˼顣
Ҫ˵ͻƣǿԵģǰǣ˴˽ӴǿĶͻƵġ
ûκνӴ
ںϣ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ںϿô򵥰ǸǻԼ˵塣
лɵ˰ɣôˣɵЦﶼûע⵽ս
лŤͷһֻ硢ս졢ֶ˶վڴǰŵĿǻǰһڴߣץסлƣû˰ɣ
Ҫڵл͸еȫһ㼦Ƥ
绹ȡ򲻶Ծ
ѾöˡлϽгԼ֣ĵڲŲһ£ĺܱŤ
ЩǷһ˿Ц⡣
лĺˣսֶ˿첽ǰ
лЦȻ
̬ս췭۵
ֶֹֹ̬͵ϮȻûܸɵ㣬ôصˣȻˡ
л뵱ʱ龰Ҳеһ˿£ͷųаȻɻӥҲɢˣơƣҪ군ˡ
Ͻó鿴һ¡
ħ䷨ڵаɣڵĽӥҲûжٱ仯ս޻꣬ǶܹɱģſɱķΧ
ҲǾһлп˭뵽ʥ̾Ȼɳɱҡ
Ҳ֣λʥ̶ôӵģϼѦλĸ֣󻤽ŽǸŮ˶ˣǶ㶼űɱ֮ĵġսɻ
лȻʲôŽҲˣ
˶һͷ
˵ˣ޴սһǸ̵ǵĽҲΪֹ޷ġ
ɣлˡ
򶼽Ŀ⼯лϡ
ĻڵлǶôҸʲô
Ϊⳡս㡣˵
ңЦҵʱˣ˵Լô֪лֹѵڸ
ֶƵˣųʱ˵һ仰˵㿴ţ㵱ʱڻУҲܲء
ҿţ


186  ںϡ
пţлúܹŹ֣ԺȴʱһĻ棬Ȼǻ֮ɱѦ£սŽ࣬͵ԼյĹ̡
ʶץס׹
͵׹ˡ
벻ǣǸлʦķţôΪŽıģŽı֣뵽лʦȡ߰ȭʱлʦı֣ٲµһЩʲô
Ծǣ͵ǿᡣ
һ;ȻѾ谭ʮޣζʲô
лʦ²Ǽ򵥵ʮְɣ
ս
лֹսȷܹӣƺﲻЩǿϹż嶼ҪСӦɣƺ̵Ŀ֪лʦݺܲͬ
ˣԺȻ֪л˦˦ͷڸлʦ뷨ʱѹ£ĵĻ컭ĳ֡
ʱǿųʲô𣿡лʵ
ûСֶҡͷ
˶ˣлˣӦúйأʱԼˣûаܹĶ¼ԼԺˣںϣӦ޷˵ġ
ų˵һЩʲôлʵ
˵ܸ鵤ҩֻԼֶָƵ
ˡ
лͷνĲñ֪ҪںϵĻᣬԼõһ˿
˼ǷڸԼӦںϵأ
ʲôˣʵ
Ŷûʲôл㽫Ĳںϵ˵ȥˣһָһЩ飬ҪԱ˵
ЦǶ֪һ٣ЦЦؿлǲǸø߱أ
ἰ裬лʶؿ򷿼ڡ
ûбӰӡ
һʹѵڻԼ㱻ɱȻûʲôʾû
ϿһϣǿŻȥϢġлЩ˸У˵
ԭЩʧлʱһƨ
㣡
ɫѣ
սֶͬʱָ
ЦһлеԼˬ·ֺ˼һȻгɼˡ
˱ĹģлҲ˺ܶ࣬¸ˣΪ˲лƻָϢ¶ȥ˶ģֹ˽룬ҲǷֹɱ
ӺʥζǿɱлҪ˵޸壬ǿܵģ˭Ҳұ֤ǻд̡
лҲˡ
ʥжԹȴֻ󻤽ŽƳ̹Ӣӹ˿еìܣûдﵽŽԳֵĵزôֻһֿܡɫ񵤣
Ψɫ񵤲ܽ͵Ĺȥ
ɫ񵤵飬ʥ֪ģ
ƺǸҲЩѾֻ֪ǹû˵еɫ񵤴ĻƺӿֳŽ࣬ȫ޷ĵˡ
ͷ۰
лڴϣ˼⡣
ţ͸еٴӿһлľһжˡ
ϼ
벻ǣ۲һȴеͷһѣΣ˯ϮЩ۾
һɵģл˯ǰ
Ժһγ˯
л͵ı˷ָ飬εãֱٴ˯ȥÿˡ
Ҳ֪˶ãлٶ
һ¾ǲ鿴Լ塣
һľϲˣȻ˯ͻˣƼλƼλľ磡
仯̫ˡ
˯ͻơ
л֣ںƺԼҲһЩôģԼʵҪǸ
ҪǶΣ᲻ﵽ߲ľأлһЩʵʵĻ룬ȻҲֻѡ
²˵Ѿôڳ˯Ϥǿҵĵǣݣĵ֪⼸ô𣬿ѹɡ
Ͼѡлӿڵ
ţͺáȻѹͷ۾ЦеĿлˣȻװ˯Ҳˡ
лһץסƣһĵڴϣ˫豧ڻС
ſң
ţ
лԵĵ
һҲͷˣȴŭŤͷȥһӡ
лſĶߵ
ߣȷ
л̾ſЩ飬Ĳ֪ô˵С
תͷʲô˵ѵҾôֵΣ֪ԴˡһֱڵȥҽͣأȻˣ
ԭԿڵлɴϲԭΪûȥ͵Ϊ
лЦһݺݵڱ㴽һ¡
û֮ǰ׼ң˵ģлһۣȴû⡣
ðɣҾͰһж㣬˵֮ǰôβ顣лһͷȻȥͣôӦ뵽һЩ顣
Ǵľٶһûᡣ


187  ˡһ
ȷڿлȻԼȥϷķˣҪ˦лһǶ⣬ŮˣҲ޷ȣΪл÷
лˣ̫˽ˣ˽˽Լлڵ͵͸ҵϷȴ֫ϷһŮ˵ˡ
˵ְ취ԼѹϾлŵѹʵ̫̫ˡ
ʮѹûѹѾ漣ˡ
ԱǱʶУΪлȥ֮ϸһ£֣лԼ׹ʱ˵Ļелƺġ
ҾǾ֣ûôɫ뵽ԼлôɫͲǴŮ֮ˣоǣʦʵʥλܹģô࡭¡
лһǱ˽ңһ¡
лһ£ô£ҡ
ðɣҸ㣬ܻ벻㲻㶼ˣлڵõ϶Ĵ֮󣬱㽫ȡȥطףβЫޣɱȣٵ޵۶̸ϱݺ󵽹·Ͼһһж˵һ顣
ҧ촽һֶû˵ֻǾš
л˵һֱûи㣬Ϊʵò֤ݣЦǣҺϹϵοĴڣһ˵ҵĻ»һЩ뷨
Ϊʲôôܸӡ
˵ҪἰΪʲôܹˡл˵㻹ǵðɣʦ˵ܹ֮Ϊõһö񵤡
񵤣
һͷлûΪ񵤣֪񵤵⣬ʲô֮Ҳ֪飬ֻǴ̽Ŀе֪ɫǿҴﵽսʼʵ
սʣģԾĵԴӸȻҲ֪ʮսսʼ󼶱Ĵڡ
̽˵ƺֻɫ񵤵Ƥëáл

ɵˣΪսʣǺεȵʵȻֻƤëãҲ̫˼˰ɡ
ҪɱҲ֣϶ɫ̺ŵɱ˴ŽҶ֣ʮа˾ҲΪл˵
˵Ϊ˶֣軹е㲻̫ţϾҲ֪Ϊʲô֣׽ŽԳҪɱллͺʥ̵ìܣ˵㣬ǳޣֻһһСìܶѣܹŽԳ֣
о޵ı֡
֪޵ݵλԲͣȻҪΪлϧŽؼʮʵ¶ΪʲôֻһֿܣҲΪɫ񵤡
Ҹô졣ЩĿлĻУһԼϲˣһʦֱ⣬Ĳ˴ìܣЩĵ˵һֱίģǣʦ治֪ôźá
ı磬л̽شųͦʦҲҶˣ
䣬ŵš
ȻҵˡлٺЦ
ʱڸ˵ۣлΪԼôίԼԩûйԼԼеҸ
лĻУǿЩˡ
ӵš
ĵģϢдʱʤ⾳
ˣ裬֪л
û˵꣬ͱְס촽˵ĵû˵ʱ򣬲׼ҵ֡
ǽʲôлȻ
ſĶߵһ
ٺ٣ããû˵ʱблЦҲԾڱϣһ£֪ʦʮؼ֮һ
֪һ£ҡͷ
֮ģβʹƵģһֺؼܹһ˵塣лЦǺǵĵҪ취ѧŶ
һۣǲҲѧ
һͷлûҸʲôɫ񵤵֮ҹڻȫֻ֪֪һƤë̽ų壬֣һ֪ɫ񵤵֮һٴζֵģʱɱңҲôˣ֮ϹżӣԼпԸҡ
ȻлȫƲ⣬Ǳ֪пܸɵóʱ䳤ˣʶˡ
Ƶɣܳʵĺ
Ҹô죿赣ĵ
ǵҸĵ׹𣿡лЦǾҵ㱻ʹþ֮аƣصش޻ҪģᣬԱ֤㲻κ˵Ŀơ
ણણડ
⻰һſŵĻ˽лĻУıסſôãҾȻ㡣
ű輤飬л֪ڿʼ轫ȫվһߣٺá
ĸű㷢лЦɵѾͷҵһŮŶҲ˭
һǾǻеڶඣ࣬лһŵӣΪЦԺŮˣ뾭ͬܽлţţ̽ôãͬˡ
ડ
ʱ洫Ų


188  ˡ
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лüëһԱٵ˵ǧСϸ첲ģ
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ֶ˽ٵĵлĴǰվǰңס˱˿ܿлĿܡ
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Ϊ׵ǺԽ޵۹Ƕ˹Ѿһ첲˹ˣʹӶŵˣһӣȻǻʹӶŸųάɪ
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άɪʱ˫ȭ嶼ЩĲ


189  ˡ
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άɪߵᣡ˵ת뿪ˣ̲סɱ˵ġ
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ʣµľǶ˹˹ˣô˹˵Ƕ˹ɴǿпޡ
л٣ּˡ˹ǰ档
л̴˾񣬵벻Ҳͼޡ
һǸлߵġ˹ЦǺǵĵԴ˵Ҫһ뿪ҿǽŵúܣɳʮ·Ҫл٣û뵽лپȻ֪ͼ޵۶벻
Ҳ٣ֶѿһ䡣
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ΨлȻͬһû뵽˹˾Ȼᰵ˶֣ʮ·ͬʱлҲԼǶʱ̫ݣûн˹˷ϣǸΣա
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˹˹ЦֻҪлϲǾ㡣˵Ƕ˹뿪ˣ溫Խ㼱æ˹ȥ١
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ˡֶһŹǷ뿪ˡ
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ӦΪʲôұУл¶һĨЦ⣬˹ˣõİ취ǸʩչĻᡣ


190  ˷Ӣһ
һգлڹע˹˵ˣ֪ǷΪǿҶͼ޵۹ǿҵĿԭ˹ˡάɪ˲ûжǻʹӶŵȴˡ
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лһٴǰȭŵǿ󶷼ˣ˶ΪХ񷣡


191  ˷Ӣ
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лӹ鿴ǿҲԾվһԡ


192  ˷Ӣ
ݲǺܶ࣬ޣ˼ǹҰĽܣҰȷǻˣݲޣҪչسʮ磬Ҳʹ޵ĵλǻ弫ҰֵܣҲͶԵ޲ŻǰصҰʵ
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Ľݹ˵һûȷͼ޵۹ͳô¡лĿӹˣ˵ı۵ףҪû뵽ͼ޵۹ΰ֮Ϊǰѡ֣Ǿ͵ͼ޹Ȼ飬˻ɣͼ޵۹ûʸٰε¡
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˵ĿˢˢǴ˳սģԺʥ̣Ǵ󻤽ŽӵƷϡ


193  ˷Ӣġ
ϵǣƷ嵭ȻһЦû˵·û
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194  ˷Ӣ塿
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лваħ䷨ЩӦòΪǡ޼Ʒ˵ľٶٻƫһЩлһ
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196  ޵С
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У״ӷɵ֮Ľڡ

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197  ޵С
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ĵǶ˹ʱһͺãԸܹɵл
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ϵˣ


198  ޵Сġ
ɷλֲҪҧŬջسĳعԼһʹ
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عƵʱƷ·ɵȥĿʩչͫĸ֡
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ҧأƴƶͬʱĵԼ壬Ҫлһ
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Ҫ֪ӥ޻Ǿʹģڵֿ׷棬ŷǳ
׹۽ڣܾǺͮͮһƬ
л뿴ѡ
һ׹ǷǳСģ˭֪ʲô٣꣬ȻϨ̫ˡ
лץƣץס׹
ΣͷҪſԣͬʱĶͨʲôӦܹһʱͿ
½лȴеڵ궯
Լ궯ǵڶΡ
һξϻӰûʥƷ滨УĪ׵Ӱ𡢵طסаϵ
Ȼٴ궯
ѵ˵ɣ
лͷһϲǴϲ£ϻӰûЧĻ׽ףڣʱ׾Ǹһ¥ģпܷӳӰͺаԡ
ϲ֮£л㲻ȥס
ɸ𾪵ǣ½ദѾܾûжɫٴβ


204  顾
ܹɫ񵤲ģǾģΪֹֻˮķһöӡ
öѽķڲ
ɫٴζ
лĵðһ˿ͷһЩ뷨Ƿöɫĳֹϵأ
뵽öɫӵлԽָоٿʼ׵ķſң׺ɫȫ
һһ׵³
µһ׵ʱлеڴݳԶȥѾײٿص쳣̽й۲졣
ֻ׷Χ۽ڵ档
ŵգЩ뵽ڲٴβ鿴ڲлǷһ˿Ц⡣
жû
Щ׾ͬϻӰûڵõһӰ𡢵ط׺ͺаá
飬𡭡лĵڿʼһЩˣϻӰû״
ôģ
Ǿ׽£ȼյһ𣬿ͬһ⣬ǾӦòܵĳ֮ΪĻףһ㣬Ǿǡף
ױ׵磬бȻ׵ԣأɣ׵ĸģ˴˼ǺںϵģֻǱɫǿںġ
Ŵ׳֣ôͻںϣӶ׳Ϊףǵɡ
仰˵׽
лͷɵÿϲӸлʦ֪ģԼеֻ״̬Ψдﵽ״̬ϣõ͵ӶɱΪǿĴڡ
ǸлʦҲ֪׽
û뵽ȴ׷ɱ䡣
лҲϻӰûܹˣȻڵĵط׽ٹγġ
ѹϻӰûҩЧֻʥƷ亱̶ȱƷҪϡУһжΪҪγ𣬽۽ſγɣ˵ӦôһϻӰûŶԣ沢δ֣Ǿ˵Ѿȡˡ
³
ле¶ټٵӣͷųĽҲ𽥵ԾɿԲҪԼĶ
ͬʱҲ׵ı仯
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׵ɱ伴ͬʱɫ񵤵ĲҲԽԽǿңлҲо۽ƺڲ·ɫγһ
۽
۽·ЩΪֲľᷭӿȻ¶ȿлоȣȴա
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һõĻ״ڱܵȼţ׵ı棬Ҫɵļ
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䣡
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طֻСһ֣ǼҲԵñӰͺаѹĸоܴܲ
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ֻɫǿںϣڲͬˣɫǿ֮£۳һСףףɼһߡ
ط׸ûʲôֿ˲䱻ɡ
Ҳ֮ǣŶԺа𷢶˹
һĻĻлȻ֪סȻܹһ˿ʶģܵ͵ȵĶܶ磬ǵıܾٶȴ·ʮֵĸ֪ǿ
òɫǱһɣл뵽һ㣬Դе󣬸е
Ĳ˵ɫʵ̫ˡ
ǰһУлеͷۣɫ񵤻ֿԣ־ò̫ܣɫ񵤴ڿɲһģô˵ڣеĻҲ˰ɣ
лԺеĲɵðһЩżᵽģһԻ𣬵һˣ㲻ͬڣȻֻһƶϣôоð亹
죬ɫ񵤹Ȼôá
ȷɫ񵤺ô࣬˭֪ɫǷ˿־ĸأⲻǲܵġ
аգ׾ǿ
ǿƵӰҲһֻߵ̬٣Ӱ𷴹ٵ
Ҳ֪˶ãл͸еɫ͵һ
ء
ٴηʱȴҲԭĺҴСһȭͷС
лһ㡣
ಣ
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лڲ
ټڲ׵硣
ף
֪˿̵أлɵôЦ֮ǰƼλɷλôڵأԼҲֻ̫Щڴܹﵽһֱ̬ĵزɡ
ףһ³


205  顾ġ
ɸӽˣ¶Ѿͳﵽ˶ˣ˭֪¶ȻǺεȿֲĳ̶ȣ
ɡ
ǲܵģϾɱҪһЩĻǧ꣬ſɵģ𹹳ɵ۽ôʸ
³Ҳɫ񵤲ĸӵ

еͳܵ޵ʱһǳ춯۽·ɫ񵤵ϡ
һ˿Ĺ۽ز
۽ǺͮͮģһƬɫɾȻһȻĹ۽ĺɫ
ǵ⻪۽滺
ɫҲٵĲ
ͬʱлҲе۽ڵ¶ڼٵٴƵĶţǵǴɫӱյ㱻ǿߡ
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䣡
ͷ͸еһ͵ӽ´·һӴޱȵħ궯
лҪ͸еֱӵ£ͺŵڵûзֱӱϷɻȥ
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ǹɿֲҲ˿ʼһЩԾɷǳǿлױȫҲû㽫аħ䷨Ƹ˳
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аǸ취
аȻս꣬ɱǻԵģ˵ǻ֮ս꣬۽Ӧźܴõġ
ħ䷨ڡ
أ
алǰȼӣȥһλŮӣҲ֪ǷΪսԵʣòĵĻҪǿ̡衢Ůһ
ڻŮ͵ġ
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ͬһöӨ͸ӣӵĵشôһ⣬ǳϸ΢ɾ۽Ĺâѹȥġ
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лӣʱͷ֣ڵıɫնɫΧżԡ
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˷ڿ˵硣
ڲŵʲôأ䲻ȷһȷǿĴڡ
飬顣лһƺ⣬ڵһԶ϶ֻɫ񵤿ƿء
˵ֻܹȡ顣
ô˵֪ɫ񵤣
ô֪ģȻ֪ɫ񵤣ôʲô̬أ޺ֽ֪֮Ȼͬı֣ҲӦֲǰȴװֻ֪ȡ顣
ȴǱɫõġ
л۾һ˿Цݣ鱻շ֮󣬾֪˰ɡ

ȻһޱöŮ
л۶Բ
ֱԼĶ䣬Ȼа鷢ģҪ֪аս갡ͬħ޵޻꣬ôܷ
лæͷȥֻаѾͬħްӴ۽ˣ泤ǹ֮ϡ
ʱ
֮Ϳһ˿ǳϸ΢ģ˵ûвĹߴͷųת泤ǹڡ
͸泤ǹаڡ
а鱾ս꣬νս꣬ʵʵ壬ֻǾͨһЩƳʵ塣
˵ʵҲԵɵģֻ붷ܹԽʵ֣а鱻ڵһ룬޶˵ʱһ֣ͨɢŴ۵Ĺ⻪
лԾǣа沿龹Ȼʼḻ
ԭаޱ飬ľżһ㣬ֻ֪ɱսлȻãȻȡ㵡־ȵӵеķḻ顣
˹ǿҵıҲ̼лг
ѵа鿪ʼӵ˼ˣ
ǲܣϾ鱾̫أ֮аڵʱôԶһЩ˼Ҳġ
а۽ԭлҲٸоǰվ۲ţͬʱӿ˵ǳٵת

һ춯
΢΢泤ǹ
ˡ
ɫȻٲ򻺻طжлܹһ˿ϵĲǳ΢ĲлаڵҲЩصǣаı龹Ȼһ˿ϲȻܲ׾죬лķǳϸ
аһ˫۾ԭȻͬƯɸ˵ĸоۣģȴ鶯ζˡ
аҪоޱˣ


206  顾塿
лԣаб仯Ǻ»ǻ£Ҳ֪Ͼаڵ̫ãӵ˼룬ԼģжлҲǲܵģԹ۵̬֣˳Ȼ
ȻҲ֪аڵħ䷨ƱϾԼУԼԻǺܴġ
ꡭ
ɵ˽ǰ
뵱ö鲻ͬǣ鲢ûǰлǰϵĲһ˿˿졣
лҲˣɫ񵤵Ĳͬ
һ˿˿Ĺǰų
ɫɫɫ֣ɫ񵤵סľԣҲųɫĹ⻪
˵Ƿ飬飬ߵԶɫ񵤲ͬлܸоƺԸģǱɫ񵤰Եչģָо˵һָо
ƺڽ档
л۾ţֻһͷǸǷ޵ǿ㲻أ
ûãˣлǰ
һ˿˿ȵĸоϮ
л㿴黺͸Լ壬һ޶ûʹĸо
ڣһɫ񵤵ΧƺΧɫת
ţлûʲôоаһ֡
аָֻľګı飬елߣл£ûлعħ䷨ڡ
лȭóϣ׹ȥ
أ
۽ڳ۽ɽ
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л٣֣ʵ
л΢΢һЦƮȻء
ܲҡл
ôѵʧˣɫ䣬Ҳֲס侲飬ıҲлһݡ
Ҫ֪ٱʶܹı䣬ԼľǾ˵ĳ̶ȣҪ뿴ʵ뷨̫ˣȻɫ䣬ɴ˸˵һ㣬Ҫԡ
ûʧֻ֣ǱˡлЦ

Ľͦأ˵ĵˣˡ
Ǳգθأл
Ǻð찡ٴһ䣬崿ӣ͸¶һɾþλӵеƣɣȴһĨ˿͸Ц⣬ȻлˣǾͰлٵٿȡǡ
㾹Ȼ˵˴İ취лһĶ㣬ô˵֪Ǳҵˣ
㿩һЦҵȻ֪Ψɫ񵤲ոģҲҪõ飬Ҫõɫ񵤡
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л˭
л۾һһֵ˵ڡʥŮ
ʥŮǺʥŮлһҲ뵽϶һ˳Ծݣȴû뵽Ǹصĺʥ̵ʥŮ
ʥŮΪʥȨߣһա
ںʥҲ¶®ɽĿû֪ʥŮ׳ʲôӣٱĴڣҲصø
ʥڸ޵۹ʮڣڲѵĺʥŮϵˡлЦЦĵ
ߣ֪Ļ治١ЦҸѾغʥ̣һͳֻʱ⣬ַ飬գҺʥ̱ܳΪϹż忹ǿڡ
лֻò顣
䣬۽ڶȻаһ泤ǹȥ
кһһѶ̽ںʥŮУٵĻ泤ǹĽУ㱻ĵɳȥ
ʵȴǺǿţʮͣҲ൱λа鿹ġ
ɱлĵ
һκ˶ҪݵšЫӣ
Ůޱȣ
аǹһͻ

ɲǼʮǹǹǹʹ㲻òֿײҲɫҰףˡ

ʮǹ
˫ն̽Уһ˿Ѫȴûɵ˵ؿ۽Ķ档
ٵĽ̽ٵ
䣿лɫ΢䣬ɱ
аڿԾ𣬻ǰ塣
ƣ
еĶ̽ȻǰһָһɫĽⶴȥȴǹаģǡ
ž
лռָڴһ졣
žͿа泤ǹüǰ紦ͣ£漴а黯һɢΡ
лϽӿռָóħ䷨ơ
ȴħ䷨ƳѺۣа»عУΪħ䷨ƳƣаҲһѺۡ
ž
ħ䷨ѣ档
һ仯лˡ
ô
֪аħ䷨ƣȻ׼ֻû뵽㾹ȻǰаͷųĵϹޱȲõЦݣ۾лţҿ￪ʼء
ˡ
ʱлеҵĲ۽㿴ѵħ䷨ƻһεεĻɫҺ壬͸¡
Ľ³֣ϣٵ͸ڣȴ޸о


207  һ
ô
аѵûʧħ䷨ƶٵˣָܹл˻ɡ
Ĳ˵аս꣬м޺ĵطǾħ䷨ƣ򵥵˵ħ䷨ƾаԭʧȥħ䷨ƣаʵﵽʮҲֻг׵ʧһ;
аƺδȫʧ
͸塣
л﷭ֹѵΪа۽ڵʱ򣬵õڵ׵Եʣ
пܰ
˴аı仯Ϊ飬ǲ֪а鵽׻ǸʲôĽԴҲǰĪ˳Ȼɡ
飬飡۷һɫĹâлţ·𿴵飬˷ܵشЦҪ飡
ֱһ
ûалȻ潻棬ʹҪߡ
ݣ
ХȻһâͻ
أ
ӳĶնʱ飬â˿ֱλãнնɱ˼
ͻı仯㻨ʧɫ
ƴһ
ۣ
Ҽδܶ㿪âУֱӶˣҲ󵹷ɳȥصˤڵϡ
һӰҲѸٵĳڰա
Ұ
һģĶлڵϳֵĵʧ
Ұ֮ʣҲûӰ
ܵĵͦ졣Ұߵ
лЦҿųļʱ
ôͲллҰҿоʱ䰡ĽŲУҲˡ
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ҰˣлûʲôıҪ֮ԼȫΪɫ񵤵Եʡ
лš
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䲻ȷȴ͸¶лһҪϢ
ĿĲ
ҰĵǴл뿪ڰи棬Ұλĸ֣Ҫ˷֣ܹ֡
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һΪֻһСʱлû뵽۽¾Ȼȥʱôת۱ȥˡ
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ҴȥɡҰЦ
һץסлĸ첲Ұ΢΢һΣл͸еѾ˿Уž޷ٶǰš
µĴضڷٵ
ȵ˫أ̧ͷһȻǱɽХźƺΪ½ڷɼ͡
лһݣʼˡ
Ұ֮лֱӽ
볡Ϳ衢ս졢ֶƵڴЦŰڰ֣ʾԼû£ŷġ
ϣ½ڷɰȻվ
лҲϱ
ڶʱ춯صźȻΪ½ڷɼ͵Ϊͼ޵۹ˣռжơ
޵۹ȫû½ڷɿڵ
лǰǿսһսô˵лҲˣ衢ս졢ֶơԽȫ̭ˡ
޵۹ֻʣһˡ
㲻ʸ񡣡лĵѾȶ˶뵽ս״̬óʥ
½ڷЦҪΪӵףͺ˲ͬӵ䣬㣬ûκ
½ڷģлҲȻ½ڷɵȷ׼ģȻĳֵԼ
ȫƬ̣ʱ䵽
ŲеһʼĻ
׼ɣ½ڷɴЦ
ûн˫ֽǰȻȻб·ӶһϢȻ˫ӿ
һɫĹδΧס
ɣε֮⣡
½ǰӳֵģ
޳ܣ
ս˶ʱ
Щ֧½ڷɵͼ޵۹ĹһʱҲɵˣⲻǹ
̫޳ˣ
½ڷҲһ죬ҲףлĶ֣һҧװû
ͼ޵۹ͶԴ˴ͼ޵۹Ӷ޳ܾٶиеŭˣǷϵŭ
֮½ͼ޵۹Ҳкܶˡ
𽥵֧л˿ʼ
ǡ½ڷһҧ˵Ľ׵ԺһĵĿʼʩչʮ֮һĽ䡣
𲽼٣һɿֲϯ˳
·Ҫݻһ㡣
ŭĽ̼ѻȸ
޳ܣⲻľܹĽսʱеİ˵½ҵͲþ½ڷʩչ䣡
һɤӣըˣ


208  
лŭˣ
һ޳ܣܣڶ޳ܣܣΣĴһԶĶˡ
˵޳ܵĶǰǰӳε֮⣬ε֮ı¾Ǵؼʺ缶δܹƽˣƽ⣬ҲҪһʱпܡ
⻹㣬Ȼֳġ
ǿ벻̣
³˹
һȻⱾ𾪶ѻȸʱԵ쳣Ҳ͸һӵķŭ
޻˱ڡ
Ķſ³˹½Ǳͼ޵۹ķʽŪĻҽʽ޵۹˳
޵۹Ҳ˳
Ҳ˳
米ĻˣһǶʮӣһˣǴ
ʹڷ˼ϵĿ³˹Цһ
֮ԶԹھ־ڱصãϧʧ۹ҪΪͼ޵۹ϻʵۣ˵ھƷʥ֮ˮþ취ȡ½ܾͼ޵۶еģĿľҪõʥ֮ˮͨʥ֮ˮӳ˥ϵ塣
³˹ôû뵽ǣͼ޵۹İѡ֣Ȼ˶ǿ֮⣬½ڷΨһϣ
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뵽ϻʵ۶ʥ֮ˮĿԼܹõʥ֮ˮϻʵ۱пܽλøԼ
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λôΪأôὫ½ʥŪأ˵ǶԱӵ裬Ƕͼ޵۹Ĳ³˹վȻĺȵ
ָ½ڷɣ㿴ӳֵʲôε֮⣬ֵֻľܹ½ȷ涨δ飡
ְҾԴĴ󡣡³˹٩٩̸ûнűĵĿôһܹ϶½ڷԼε֮أΪͼ޵۹ĵһſ½ڷдͼ޵۹ĽǾ㼵ʣҲ˰ɡ
ҲùǺ
˭Ҳû뵽³˹Ȼ޳ܡ
½ڷɣͣһҪΪͼ޵۹⣡³˹
½ڷɼΣҲ֪ʤ
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˵ںϣǲܵģ˶˶ɥлĻ͸һ˲ɱ⣬Ȼ½ҵĳλұȫɡ
ˣ
лȻһţԺиɣ
ڶһҡΣ½ڷȴǰޱȣε֮ıǼ侪˵ģƽε֮⣬ܶԸ
ε֮εǿ
ƽ⣿
лʮӣȴ˶ǿҵڴ˶ĿԴĿš
ѻȸ׵߸˱ɽХĹ̡
һƳɫĹâлĽǽ֮ף˿̵ٴγ֣Ǿˡ
Ե˶еһ޷ѹȸС
žžž
ɢһĹ硣
ԭе㵣ĵĿ³˹״ʱģǿε֮ʲô޷ƽ⿪лʵﵽʥϣһ
Ҳһü
ȴҲ˽ܶࡣ
ףɲǽİ취
Ҫˡսɫص˵
ֶ۾ҲٺȾˣлƺһЩ仯ǿˡ
ǿһЩҲƽε֮ģǴķҹƾǼȫҲֻһߵϣѡսЦ
ԴˣֶҲֻбԿЦ
ε֮ǴķƽֻǿƥĹĺܲлܹ
˵лаħ䷨ƣ֪ʲôʱ˽ǰ
԰ôˡս쾪ϲ
ǣǣûóаħ䷨Ҳ⡣
У˽лô˵Ҳˡ
лսˣǵġ
ҲĬˡ
½ڷԽԽ죬ΪγɵǹɰҲʼĶ
ƥΰϯ
Եڱڡ
½ڷɵԽԽǿᣬܵɫε֮Ҳ˱øӵӳĵĸӵ˧
˼˼һǵһ˵ʩչʱ򣬻ܹڷֳȥӳһ½ĸˡһų
Ťͷȥ˵ĺȻƷ塣
Ʒлеģǿͼ޵۹ΪھȻ޳ܣǻǱذɡ
֪εֱܼ֮ǿˡ
Ȼ½ְг֡
޳ܰ
ڿ³˹ʲôû
½ڷɵĿзٵķ#@@䡭
ˣ
˵Ȼ
ɱ
Ҳһ̣лȻ
Ƿ֮Ƶ磡
˲ֶȫȥһɫĹӰȴûֻ֪ڻ
ɳˣ


209  
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˵ĵ֪ߣ޼Ǳ裬лҲδἰҸлʦ׿ԣɾǵһ
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210  ġ
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212  ϷŸտʼ
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ʮؼ֮һлδʮؼʮʮ³˼


213  ϷŸտʼ
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л΢΢һǼʽϴ⵽ʲô˼


214  ϷŸտʼġ
ϴʽʲôأ
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ҲӦɷһԽһȼ֮츳ߵͽٶȳּĲЩ˿ɷµľ磬ʼնڲ֮䣬һﵽɷ֮󣬾ͻ𽥵롣˵
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ʱǶվͨڰ˲¥ݿڣɫЩأܴͬĶǵ


216  鶯þ
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217  鶯þ
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޶ǸǳʱſԵġ
ʣµľǷкˣелɽӷͼвģԼ֪ôڸˡ
ôʣµľֻˡ
һֿ㱣Ķлó˾ύ֮ʮڿ϶Գɹġ
ӹᣬл
˵Ӷ֮֮ǲ˵ǿ֮һٻûдﵽʮؼĵزͬΪֹȫ½Ψһ˵һ桱ַѾﵽ㣬ټҪۺ϶ԣռˡ
ǺǣǹƽлЦγʥҵǶԾѾð
Ҫӱ¹еԱΪġܵԵģеһ˿ѪȴĽѪ
лȻ򣬾˼壬ڱֵģȻǽˣ˾ͺͽһ˿ѪӦˡ
Ҳóһύл֮
˸žᣬһЦҲʼ


220  
׾ԾڽѪ໥ںϣͨѪڵµһЩԪزϵγ
лԴ֮ˣֻݡţ
ħеħľֻ޷ħģ˽еĽѪԽԪصգ˽ħ⡣
ȻԶô򵥡
һлܹͨ޵һ˿ϡеĽѪȥнԪؽӴ
Ψн޵ѪԪزܹʩչ
ݾмأлҵһ֮أ͸ʥϵһѪɫ
ʥıѪɫ⻷
˵Ψл˾ʥָӣһֱѪɫġ
лվһɽУ˴ĵطֻһɽ֮˶ȫĿС
ƽһľʥ£ʥԱߡ
ǰ棬дһ
紵ҡҷһжԵôİݣůϣʵĿлľһӱȥ
ľҲ̽ʥ
лԺдʱ˿ֻһӰǾʥûκεһоʥ֮ϡ

ʥ΢΢
ľ֮£͸еӴһѪɫâĻ棬ѪɫлһַǳѹţǱеѹ
лȫĵĽӴ
ȫĳް㱣
ԭʥѪɫʼһ˿ƺһѪɫĹλ¡
ѪɫνӴ֮󣬿ɢ
̼䣬ʥΪģԲʮڶһǳ΢ѪɫĹţȻЩѪɫα͸ȥ
ʱţлĸо³һĽɫĹ㣬֪ӦǽԪء
ֻ޷ԪعͨѪɫ֮Ӵ
Уʮʱת۱ȥˡ
лȴûжջ
һЩԪ뽣޵һ˿Ѫϵ̫ˣ޷۳һѱ
леҲô׵ġ
ѾʩչˣֻԷ沢Ǻǿʩչ磬ܵһЩơ
˱㷵ͼ޵۶;ҲлҪҪѪͽԪصĽϣⷽ޷ħԵʣһҪܳʱڽŻЧõĽѪȻԴʱ䣬Ҳʮ¾гɹģοɹ㻨˽һʱ䡣
ҪһʱɹлҲͲܹڶʱɹˡ
صͼ޵۹۶ȥڵݣлҲص޵۹ݡ
ղݣͿ˴ӭ˳塣
豻ˡ˵
лüëһҪˣ뵽Լ˵޼ˣıҲʲôֶΡ
ӦΪʹʥ׼лüһĨ죬㽫Լ뷨˵˳
Ŷ⵹пܡлעʹʥϹŴ˵ǿܹʼĵһҪأ
ٴΡʵִڹ
ݣлŷ֣վˣս졢ֶƵˣȻһЩδǰͼ޵۹ˣҲˡ
ģɱʮǿ
ôˡлʵ
Ц˴ǰвִ½ܾ飬Ѿȫ½ȫ½еһͼ޵۶ˡ˵յлߣ˳ǵĶѧʲô¡
лЦ廹һӣĽϣΪһʦҶǰĴڡ
ʲôûУлʵ
ȻˡʱĿ¶⣬ں˼зϵϵĶڴһȫµĶȡСơѾ˺ܶ뷨ھͲһˣʱ͸㡣
û⡣лЦ
û̫ϣϾޣӴĶ࣬ڴĶδغǿһ˵Ը治ߡ
һЩˣҲлʶģ޵۹ſ
лһЩĹ֮սֶߣǰ˸˵սΣ
ȫʤһܼսЦ
ֶƽӿڵ˱衢ˡңкԽĽݾիһǵ߹УǼҲֻǿάҡ
ôǿ
лȻҲ֪ǰ˺ǿᣬȴû뵽ǿ˹ز˵ҲˣǺԽȻҲûֹܼС
Խأлʵ
ˣӦ׼ϴʽȥˡֶƻش
սܾҲؼ塣
嶼ʹʥ֮æµˡ
лʹʥʲôʱ
˶ҡҡͷ
ƺ֪һ㡣˵
˶
ʱ䣬˵ƺֻилʦ֪شӦĩߺ֮һʱ䡣
Ǹлʦ
лԸлʦʡ
Ҳֻܽѹĵף˿̵Ҫ׼Ǽʮǿһս뼲˹ս
ʱϡ


221  ˡһ
ʮǿһս
ͼ޵۶ħѧԺһŰ˴ֵǿƲִ½ܾǵļҲ·һӱȼˣʮ˵ıҵϯ
л״μ˼˹
˸һװˣȴǲһƤĻΪã۾Ǻܴ͹ԳһϮɫĺܽէȥͬһ˴
ллʦصǸл˹´л·Ҫ͸һ㣬ô
лƲƲ죬Ҳûش
ϹŴ壬Щ壬һߣлЩС˵ûϣ죬ʵǿĻػ
һ㣬˹㼸д˴Ц
лŤͷȥ˵֮һ˧磬ս֮ǰĽܣ˾ĸֵꡣ
У˹ָ
ֻɫҪҲǷһ𣬴˿֮˵һӣ
˹Цʲô˼
֮ͷ˵ǶǷ
˶˵ϹŴΪǣĿˣһ㲻ٰʧ֮
꣡꣬ͬһϣܽڶ֣ʱһ֪ϹŴ
˫۱أĵûʸ񡣡
㣡
ʱŭ
ļϹŴ֮˺ֱ˴ţ̨ϵ˹ҲֱлĴڣгɱȥļơ
죡лȣӣñڲɽһ仰˲ϻڵϣĵĻһɣлһսǰˣ
˶񿴹һ
лָ˹ꡢȰ˴֣˭һս֪ˣƤӣһȺǣ
Сӣŭ
Ҳ׷վ
лɨӣָ󣬡
ҡֱץ
лõĶӡ
ɷ֮Ĳپνİ˴֣Ѿӵ˻ʤʱǱذɡ

˹Ц
Ц˸ǲ⣬׷ɻĿ˹л֪ҵĶ֣һ˫սˣҲҵڡ
С֮ģлó˰ȭףָ˹㣬У

˹ŭлһУսвѡ֣ʤһ߹Ул˷л׼ŭ
ˢ
һѳ֡
ζ޷
Ҳ˹ζƴһ㣬ڿն˫յէ֣ӵն
˹ŭˣǺǡЦ
ҹħ޵µܿɷӵǿĶȣаʤο˹ʮؼ֮һħӰ
ֺϹżмս졢ֶơɫܲÿȻϣлܹʤʵЩǰԽսֻǸЦΪͬԽսۺ͵ȻҪȳԿھԵơ
죬طֿ
̺ſֲ綷ĳգۼն
лȴͷ˿ûжֵ˼
˵֮ʣлȻ֣̽Űȭ׵ֱץ˼˹ĳ
أ
˸̼ɢ
лץסҲӿ˹ļ綷˳һƵ˹ͱһӸ˳ȥ
أ
ڶ˹ϣһʱ޷ƾԼĶȥ˱лھ̨ϡ
ˤʹһ
ˤȫھ
ܣ
ܣ
ֵͽ޵Ʋסеľ㵣ŵĿž̨ϵĳлֵֻץգ˹ȴ˵ϡ
ⲻǣͬԶĴϹżĸǡ
ǰ˱˴˼Ҳй򵥵Ľ棬Ȼ֪˹ʵȻɵˤڵϡ
л̫ˣ
ɵúã
лͣ
ԭҪ۵ս˶ʱ˷ܵؿ
ֳҲٴη˶֪˴ֺɨȴлڵĴи֣඼ǳжѣʶû˶л˱ϣлǿƱ֣ܡ
лʳָ¡
ˤ߻ص˹ȥպޣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
վٴ𳤵Ҫȫˣ
ǶϺǹȫڵķڣӲȫٴΰȫ˹ʵ


222  ˡ

˹׳ХɷĶӿȵļܣԾ˵״̬ٵתš
Ұƥϯ˷ء
ˣˣˣ
˹ûͻһһǰȥҲӿϳĺˮγ޾ƣͳͳѹлȥ
ȵʹ˹ȥӵĸߴ
·ٿ顣
ն
лǰԼ׵ʱ˹Ȼ˵һһߣ켤̼ǳڡ
ȭ֮˭
лҲױȵƣǰе˭ơ
ɷл״ζá
𣡡
춯صը졣
һӴӰлǺȻ׸ߣ峤ʮ׵
ǿҲӰӰ漤
޾Ƴлϡ
һȭƵġ
أ
ȭײ
ͬʱһлϱסΣεվԭأ˹ȴͬߵķݣĵɳȥ
ܲңһˤھ̨ϡ
˻
ʮ˵һҲܴģٴ񿴹һл
벻
˵˹һγУУδȫĻôһΣȫģȻſ£ǿɾʵˡ
ȭȭȻаȭ˵
ϹżԶҲɫصĶлͬϳлʹõİȭ
л°վھ̨ϡ
һ̣ѾûΪ߹ģǸ˴ֵš
ããã
˹ٴɫһֻڲδˤ̨ϣͷ·Ķϡ
ʢŭ֮µ˹ڶؼħӰ
ܹʮؼ֮һħӰǿ֪
ǺǣֻҪʮؼеĿؼлõùˡҵԶЦǺǵĵ
ЦħӰҲͷޱȣƾлƽⲻˣŭ˹ɣ
ȴлĶС
δһ㡣
վ
ʵһʼлĻ˹ûлʩչħӰĻᣬͻᱻܣˤлƳͬžԵĻᣬûôΪҪˣǰ˴֣Ϲż塢֮ˣͬŻǵ
ҪȫĻ˹
ң˹ħӰʽǰ˫ҷֿҪ᰿裬һ˿˿ħϵƺˮĲ⣬лǰȻվԾֵб£ĺǷڵҲ
ؼħӰ
˹ǰͻȻ̧ҪڿյļƣҲּƣ֮Ϳһ˹Ӱڸ߿ա
ԭصӰδʧ䱾Ѿ˸߿ա
ٶȷӵ˼£
ħ٣Ӱ涣˿磬˹ٶȼ׷ϵĵزɲǼѾﶥ㣬ʼȥ
ˣҪ˵ַˣֻһ仰ݡ̫ˣ
лڣǵĿ⻹վھ̨ϵ˹ϣ˹ȴѾ˸߿գ˿ӰſʼȥٶȣŻؼƽ⡣
ؼ֮Ƶ磡
лҲʩչյٶⱻʦҶΪǿǷƽؼħӰ
ˢ
һĨ
лٶȿ磬Խ˹٣΢ԭʧˣһƬľ
ȥ
һ
˵ĶܿƵΪлģ
ѵٶѾﵽʩչħӰ˹޷ĵز𣿿ôأǿʮؼΨһʲôܹħӰ࿹⣿
ʣǾͿгһӰǰɱ˹ȻֹеӰٵʧ
˹ͬŵڵһ㣬Ӹ߿ײ档
䣡
̨ҳһΡ
¡
Ǽæ̧ͷȥͿлվ
վɷ
ħӰˣ
ڶʮ˫۾ˢˢĿлһ̣лӰؿӡǵԺУ޷ĥ
лвпǷУƵȫչٶȷ棬Ҫ˹һߣȴû뵽˹ٶȣȴս˹óٶȣͬٶȵıƴƵ罫ᳬֹһ㡣
žžžž
һ
ſڵص˹վ
ˣԭΪıȻлдſΣʽı䣬ֱĻѾˡ
ԭ£
˹һħٵĻ۵˫ϥǳ
أأ
춯˹Ŀըѣ¶һոµĿӣȴĴڡϥ
绤ϥ


223  ˡ
˹˷μӱϣȡھģΪװ˼ʥܹٶٴļ绤ϥ
绤ϥǰ߼еһ
ǰһʦеǸȻսʿ£棬ʦռݾԵƣֱ˴һ׵װװװ£սʿؾġ
ÿһװ߼ɣֱǣõĿռָٶ硢ͷסۡϥսѥ
ЩۡϥҲиԵãҪװԣ缲װȴռָ磬׶𱣻õģڱ֮⣬ٶȵá
㱣ôһװ
˹Ϊαõ绤ϥ
绤ϥԽٶɣսȵڸл˹ٶֽ
˹ٶ͵ĸɵٶȣٶȽﵽһʲôĿ̶ֲȡ
ɱ
Ѿŭ˹˻һٴα߿գɱл˷ٶȫµı仯
һ̣Ѿ˸߿ա
۾׷ϡ
ȭ֮죡
лվԭûжȭ˳ȥ
䣡
һȭǿʢҪл֮ǰʩչġ˭ıҲٴθְӰ
Ȼһȭ˹ҽһߵķݣֱӴӾ̨Ϸɵ˳⣬ڹ̨Ļϣ棬ӵɷʵܹɷ裬ҲʩչΪлһȭ̫ǿˡ
Ӹ߿ս䡣
лĵˣ
䣡
ȫ
벻Ľĳǵ֮⣬лʤ˹𾪵ǣͷβֻ֡
ҲΡ
˹ĴζԾ˹Ĵαſ¡
˵ʲô
лҪ˹ҪǿĶࡣ
ֲʦҪľ뿴ȷеʵϣǿսݳһ˿Ц⣬ѪҲˡ
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Ӧһ
л¾̨ս졢ֶơ塢ĴֶӭҲ˷ܲѡ
лô£˹ٶɰôǱɸˣսʳ˶ʵ⡣
лЦٶ
˻Ȼ
ٶȺսʿĻ˹һζ׷ٶȣȴȷٶһĸ߶ȣδκα仯лٶϲǿȴԲôֻıƴлʤ
ʮǿıһһ
һձǵڶ˫Ǹ߼Ҹ񻢶Ӷ֮ͬһڴı
ʼǰл˱
ٴμ˰˴ֻ֣һΣѾûӵĿ⿴ˣһ˷ܡ
ҵֵ˷ܡ
˵Ѫˡ
л֣ϣܽǿսڴһսЦǺǵĶл˵
Զǿսڴλһս
˵ƵζƺѾעҪǿսͬҲֳ˶лء
һսӮأ
лλ
˽Ͼ֮Ѿγɡ
ֱϹŴ塢ͨ
л˵ܺ͸С˭ܻʤսЩĵĿž̨ϵˣǿˡ
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˵лȻ֪˫ԷĵϸյĶҲƽ⣬׾ǶߵͣȻҪһ磬ѧϰҲûһϣ
ֶƺȿھƣΣհ
ս쿴ллȻ˵δأ϶⣬Ҽǵ鶯þ֮ʧʮ죬һǸʲôҪҪģʮƿξƣ
ܰܣֶܻƵ
Һһս룬Ҳʾͬ⣬ô˵һˣɱĿԼûУҪʤѣ
̨ϲκƣ䲻֮£൱ϣʤģлҶʤ
̨ϣѡֱ˴ǹ׺ݵζǵϴ˳ȥ
߱Ѿ֣ץУⳬʥ߱һ
ˣЦžʥ赶
۱߱ʤ
۶ȴܡ
ʼ
дһ̴ȥҴھ̨ϣ±ǿɾͲˣûĲС
Ҳһѹ

֪ʵãһֱֵľ
߱գȻ¡
ľл֪Ǿʱʵ൱лоȣĺƽ⡣
顭
ҵĲ
һƬ˸
߱Ϊģӵ´ܳһĶ
ض
񻢹һЦͬշ赶档
赶صһ̣̾һĨһâֱӱ߱

У߱ĵض
߱أЩͻֵ̼ʧӰ٣ô񻢸ƽˣ֪ûлᷢӳǿ
Ц˵ˣ


224  䡾һ
սһʼ·硣
˲ͬǣӲ٣һлҲվǰܣҲơ
ն
һ
߱貵ɫ⻪߿䡣
һɲǼ䣬ʺبʣĹΪ֮ĵԣ޵߱ƾһֵĹ
ȥɣ
ȴЦ
·һֱڵȴʩչն
⣡սȻվ𣬽ĵƽҲƽ⣬޷ȻǶԾնи˽⣬ƽ⣬ܳûϮɱܣΣˣ
ֶҲץ«ӦԤϵɣ
лս
ȴлضӦ˵ģƸ񻢣
Ŷ
ͬʱһ
˸޹â߱зն
ǸȴǱһͷɽͻҰĳɱ赶ջб߱Ľ֮ϡ

ʥ߱ǿȴ޷նз赶һӾͱ֮ĶȫԿ
ҪһȼֱӱѪɳȥ
񻢵Ʋˣһٴնȥ

Уӽֵ
ײ
Ǹξ޲ص棬ٴһѪʹȥ

Ҳһ̣һĵ档
ˢ
˲ʧ
лսȵ
˲ԾˢˢĿл
ȫ½˭˲֪лΨһӵпش֮ˣѾ˳֮Ϊؼ֮һ
Ȼӵд˵

Ȼлڵģ
ХҲɵϣ˷һԾɿգž̨ʩչ
һĻХĿз
һ˲䣬·ٻХ
һ⻷ѸٵķŴ̨ȫλ޲ĺըľ̨Ҫˡ
أ
ʱӾ̨ڸ˳

˻Ǹ£赶׺ݵĺɨȥҪն롣
ХɢȫﻹһҧƴڿһתҪ㿪赶ն
꣡
Ĩ
һ۰ɳ
ʹУˤ棬ҵѱһնϣټˤ棬ʹȥ
㵶жŶϱۣɫѾˡ
Цֹжб䣡ɣ
ով͸еתˤ
ܣ
лͬʱվ
ͬʱһӰͻأĳھ̨ϣһѱסˤæͺȵ
Ӷ֮׿ģ񻢿ˣԴ˵һ£ŵĸϽˣûõʮֽа塣
ʮǾĴڡ
׿ĿٵĸֹѪԼ鵤޷ڵľ綾ӣŭɢһӱǵϢٵĽ
Ǳ䣡
ŭʱӿ˳
䣬䣬д䣬֮ڻ⣬ܹҲ
նݳĴֶΣҪ֪Ӷ֮˿ϡ裬ֻ׿ӣΪֹҲֻϴܾôһӣ޷ôζӶ֮
ˣŭ׿Ȼ̧ͷŭӸ񻢡
ֻһۿȥ񻢾͸е⵽شĺѪˣûз֮
׿ģӶ֮Ȼһ֣һȪĳ衣һߣһӰڸ񻪵ǰ֡
Ȫʮ֮
׿ĻվɭɭĵȪû뵽㾹Ȼļ߼ңǵ߹
˶Ȼվ
ʮ־Ȼˡ
Ƕ֣
ѵҪʮս
ߣӶ֮嶼Ҫˣȥ취ȻҪҶ֡ȪЦҵҪˣ
׿ɫࡣ
Բѵ飬ʱ֣˵ԲģΪǾ͵òʧˡ
үӣȾְɡлҲ˾̨
׿Ŀһл̾˿ҡҡͷ
оȪ񻢵ҲѪ޽֮νֻлܽ˵֪֪˼ҿ֮ܽ͸ˣ
񻢣׿ɱ⾪졣
Ȫ΢΢һЦǰסɱ⣬׿ģҪ֣㣬Ҫ۸С
ʮֱ˴˶š
ҩζʮ㡣
Ѫ֮Ҷܻ⣬ο֮ĻѪлЦڻ꣬ƾҾȹ壬̽ĹϵҪĻӦҲѰɡ
үӣҿԾ֡лЦ
׿üëһЩŵĿлǿʮӣЩĶ
үӿܻ֪ΪؼҵԾض绯Ų֮лţ˵
Ŷ׿۾һ
˭֪Ų֮޽֮˿ȻѪҪֲһЩܹŲ֮ѪƺҲѰɡ
л̾ҩָҪعˣ


225  䡾
ܽŲ֮һܽ⻯Ѫ֪Ĵģ߸һĶԣҩǲͬģҩʦɵϣȴǳ
лش
ֻۿһ¸񻢣һɱ⣬պ޸նһ۰뷨һսҪ񻢺ÿ
СβָлٿȻǰء
ࣣ
һɫĹγ֣͸ڡ
ˢ
ȫѻȸ
˵۾ɴˡ
Ӷ֮׿ĺ;ȪҲɴ۾ĶлСβָɫвͬ
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ӻƶڳ˵Ҳһ˿΢ı仯ԭǿƣ徢ʮ㣬ࡣ
ٻӥлӥȥ
ȫǰĽӥڴ峿Ѿͼ޵۶
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ӥһ˻̾ˡ
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׿ļһӵסȻ첽˽ӥƵлСֵܣлл㣡
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ҿлֶ˵
˶ֵĿ
ֶƵҪлҲҪȵлɵǸ˵ɣô˵Ҳȭ׷ǡ
ҲԡսٺЦҪлҿҪȵл㵽طܣΪӶ֮ʮӣүӲܸл
׿ԣЦ˵úá
սָֽеҿ쿴ܾȻ졣


231  桾һ
ЦУ˽ڡ
Ӷ֮׿룬޻ҲֻʮĴ
֣֮л뿪⼸죬бĽɡ
áսҲƴǣл֮ıȫˣڶջʤҵԶʤĵ꣬˵ʵǳǿӦɷλҪ˸߳һȼ
ɷϣκ˶ԼʵʵӶ֮׿Ҫѵģ֡
֮УĴϹżĴֵĽû˱ɱлĵĻ
սЦǶģԷģĳͻ˵ֻҵȽϵùͷ˺أҪʮµİɣ˵ûʲôһ٣˵ֻʣµһ͸֮ıԣգǵõ鱨Ȫ⼸մڸһǿĶʲôǺ
Ӷ֮׿Ҳҡҡͷ
Ҳ벻ϾȪǸѾǿԼ춷ˣյĶ㹻ʮ֣˭Ҳ޷϶ᴫʲôĶ
Ӧ鶯֪˵
ΪʲôôսȻ
׿һҲԺЦԼ˼ǵ޷ϸ˼
˵ǶԸ񻢣ǶԶ͵꣬лǿһ㣬ʲôǿĶҲĶôǿɵĻأ޷ʤ̨ʺʹãȻѾɷɰ裬лٶȿҪ˹ħӰģٶȶۣӦ޷⣬ԾҲûãΨһƽܹ֮ǰԤ⵽лڵطȪһؼ鶯֪ܹ֪ΧĲҳλá
Ľͣ˷׷׵ͷ
лҲ̾ȴսʮ־˵ġ
֪˸пƽ鶯֪лҲʼӦԡ
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ʱĸһɱ⣬ƵҪӶ֮г׵ĶͣȻлƻ֪Ϣ֮󣬽жˣҪлʬΡ
ӥĿֱֱĶлӲͬʯļڸ񻢵Ϲĵ˶еĿֲ̤Ͼ̨һǰͬһγһɾ˵
ٴνһЩ֮󣬱ʽʼ
ͬӥ۾͵Բһͬɽͻ㣬ɱлǰٶȿþˡ
ٶȣ
л΢΢һЦƮƮ׵ľ룬ٶȣƵ硱Ƕһ޶ģǾħӰٶȶԿġ
֤ٶȣһüͷ漴һǰٻ£ɣҵĻ飡
һ޺һӴӰھ̨ϡ
峤ףףͨ嶼ǱɫƤë˶ţͷһʮ׳Ķǣ˸űɫĹ⻪
һϬţ
𣡡
Ϭţƺʢ
ħڴˣҲǾϬţɲͨƷ֣ӵзǳټţѪ
֪ûħɡл
ЦзֵģоǺǱħޣұ㽫շˡ
죿⣿лƲƲ죬治һĺãһ춼ȻбϬţڵݡ
ߣ߲ԡ
ϬţǾȪڴڸؼʱȥѰģѰһͷ߼ħ޵ģδ֣Ͼͼ޵۶и߼ħޣ㽫ţѪıϬţˡ
൱ɷλıϬţս˼ɵĻǱ
ˢ
лγʥ
һ˴սˡ֣
һ̧ţڱϬţıϣγıʥ赶ʿһ㣬ȵɱ
ǰȵĶڿ̨ϵľȪǷһ˿ĪЦݡ


232  桾
һսˡ
ź˷
лĿǰû뵽񻢾Ȼѡʿ棬Ҫ̨֪ȻҲܹǶʿ˵൱ľԵģǲ⡣
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㷭һɫĹߣ̨±ľҲлǰԼ׵ʱ򣬱ϬţȻڿԾ
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磡
𣡡
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ˢ
ûһն¡
лһ˫ŵأ󵹷ɳȥʮľ̨Ե档
ٺ١񻢲תϬţٴл赶࣬ɭɭĶл˫һУϬţٴη
л𣬶Ѹٵת
Ҫ֮ⷴô¡
˱ԭذ߿У˫ʥŸ񻢱ݺݵؿȥȴҪƽǷ֮
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ʱ̣лοлζ䲻ݷĶ㿪Ǳɫĵ⣬ǵ̫ǻ

лʥҲס˸׺ݵն
ǱУͬڸȫĸ첲飬ʥ֣Ӹ߿ֱ׹µ档
Ϭţ˻ųȥ
ϬţǺݺݵسǰ

л֪ԷܿܽڣȴʹĻܹߣ㿪ϬţĹҲܸ񻢿籩ĹС
˫أ漴ʧӰ١
鶯֪
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ϹֱϬţʶͺȵ
սǾļģȫлһЩ⶷ҳлıϬţ
ȪɷѿġӶ֮׿ɨһڲԶľȪɫѿ
ˣҲûռжƣлʤս
ԭлʮʮڣ˿ҲѻȸһʼлʹھԵƣˣ˭ܿĳ
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Ϭţſһɫĵ⡣
˭Ҳ֪ʲôħȴˡ
л۶Ǳɫĵ⣬һףһ·ɵҲ˳ȥǶ޶

ǱɫĵⱻУըѡ
·ɵ»عлУҲʥбָأǳıϬţһ˿Ц⡣
Ų֪䲻Ĺˣοɲͬˡ
׼ȻҪ
ˣ
δǰϬţ͸񻢱㱻һɫĹâ֣Ƿŷлһε

лٴһţʧǰ
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Ϭţǰ㣬ҲʱһӵзõıɫĹâһ󲨶
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أ
лʮֱָӴ̴ӵзõıɫâ֮һâѣ䣬һץס˱Ϭţβ͡
𣡡
˫ȫһ
ǱϬţʱضҲϵĸ񻢸׷ɳȥ˫𣬽ϬţתȦֱ˿еĸ񻢡


233  桾
ǿƷһӷɱϬţ
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ллллл
һ˳ԽԽߣ𶯵ıڲ·˵ͷųճ׵ķˡ
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
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񻢾͸е಻ܿƵһ¡
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ĵһӶ֮˻浶ʹþֹһ࣬ɱǾ˵Ŀ¡
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ǣ
лȻγʥ
ѻ浶ͬʱӵ·ɳ˲ֶǱϬţ͸ˣ浶˷ΧȥһĻᡣ

֮һĽܼ
ʧ
һлعƽ
ĿƣֻӵұıϬţʮѪѪǱ浶Ľ֣ѾڵϣıѾ޷ı䡣
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ȴǸӵң䲻ڱȴֱȫ壬ޱˣ˫Ҳ˿ڣڵϣֱԣһץŷ赶
˼ϱ֮ʹʹĻʹȥ
֮֮лĵ㱰޳ܵնһ۰򣬱۰ɡ
ͷлҲձؽʬΣ
һ𣿡лЦĵûоȫѪҺȼһ
ʲôɫ䡣
лʥĵҲûʲôǽܶϱʱѪҺһЩ֪Ķܷ㣬Ȼˣܹҵһλӵҩָ֮ˣ϶ܹ
أ
⻰񻢶ʱˤڵϣң
ʮľȪɫҲʮֵĲÿû뵽лȻ˸񻢡
Ȫһ㵽˾̨ϡ
¶Ȫŭȵ
Ӱ䣬Ӷ֮׿Ҳھ̨ϣȻ񻢸¶Ϊʲôԡ
ȡҡ񻢽һȥ
ȪǰһҪɱˣ
㣡
Ӷ֮׿ҲǰһסȪȥ·
СӰСӼȻ˼ҵѶ֣Ǿͽ˼Ұɣһȥ
Ϊսһʱһ쳹Ҳˡ
Сӣ
Ȼ˸ҳƺӶ֮׿Сӣ
˵ȪСӣ
˭
˭˿ԣ


234  סһ
𺳵Ը֮ʣǾ̨ͻȻѿһСԳ޵ٶȿٵĳɳɲǼ佫ͱˣ¶ı֦ӳȥÿһ֦ɶн׳״ϸҪһĲɶҪ׳Ķ࣬ӳȥҲ֪ףȴ˸оѾҡʮ˵ı
Ӵ
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Σлﻹ֪϶ǸӦԼҪػлһľ
ȫ½Ҳֻ˵ʮСӰɡ
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ĴϹżĴĸҲ÷׷վǶľʶ̣ΪʷأܹλϹŴʷ֮ˣÿһһʱοľʼնλǰеһ֣Ϊʵ̫Զˡ
ǰЩ޵Ӷ֮׿Ŀľ˲֮飬
ţСӣ㲻ľ˵
׿ĸϽǰˡ
ﻹأû취˭ľ̫ͬݹȫ½ǵһŵϼһ
׿ĳԾĻл벻ףľΪʲôҪΪл棿Ҫ֪ȫ½ߴϹżҲδܹ붯֮ˣһǾľϲ˯һ˯Ǽֱ꣬Ӿһʱʧ
ǰ㲻ҼôˣлҲе㾪ľѯʵ
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ĴϹżĴЩүһɭɭĿͶ˸ߵˣǴ̽ϢʲôлһǴһָͷ
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⻰̫ˡ
оϵ֮еչˣص㣬޷ʥ֮ˮĻҲҪǿ˼ڣ֤ϵ𡣡ľЦ
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ңȪ㱻ô˵ԼþʮбĴڣӦúľƽƽģɾȻΪСӣܲޣɿľٿơЦݵӶ֮׿ģǹŭѹǰֻ˵ġ
Ӷ֮׿ĵҿ񡣡
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һֱ׿ʹ
ǰʱ˳һǰһӶ֮ǵõǰָ㣬ԴүүһЩϣõǰָ㣬֪ǰܷͽ̣
׿һĶ΢һͷǰһӶ֮ҲоһЩǰĶ
ŶľǳɾϹŶﻹ׿ү뷨㿴ллҡ
үǲĻлһӭлЦ
ܼҵң׿ĴЦ
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лҵƾǣѾܹѹһϹŴˡ
ããӶ֮Ȫǻģ˱ŻԵĸ񻢣һɸ߼֮ˣҴȥ
лһ򶼷ݡ
ľδǱлһ꣬뿪лң˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲô£Աϻȥˡ
˵ľȥҴҡ
илվ̨˵ӡ
Ӷ֮׿ĺҲ뿪ˣ߼ҵĶԹˣȻľύĸܾܾսߣܾʱܱչسʮһ߼ҳû֣룬Ҫڵһʱҵܾܾսֵܣһǰǵлҡ
󣬾ȪȻ׿ĺľЭ֮ģܹӶ֮פл֮ǰɵܾܾսֵܣͽǵ޷һܾʮ¾Ǹ߼ҪĵˣԿల£ʵ׿ĺ;Ȫڽһʱܡ
˭죬˭ռ
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ջصݣ֪ͨĽݼ彫ʢᣬ֮УϹż塢Լ֮ˡ
ͻȻᣬ˴㵡
˭û뵽ĽݼȻʱٿᣬҾĹģ˵ƺӦͼ޻ٿΪʲŶԡ
лڣ˶һ˿ʣĽݼʲôĿģ


235  ס
ھ֮˭Ҳ²Ľݼ屳뷨һ㣬ÿһ˶֪ϾԲ棬﷽ԣԼȻûʲô֮ǣȻȥμӡ
޷棬硢лս졢ֶơһ˵ȫҹĻʱ
Ľݼĸۡ⣬ӭǵһлʶεᣬ²򵥰
Ϊӭ֮ˣȻͼ޻ӡ³˹
þһа취˵޳ܵҵĿ³˹ʧܸգΪӦôӴʧȥͼ޻λʸ˭뵽ȻֻԾˣһǺĽݼߵ֮Ҫ֪ͼ޵۹壬Ľݼ½ңһֱƾеģ½л˵½ѾʼƣҲ˵ܹõĽݼ֧֣ô³˹̳лλĻͻһЩ
֣ҿǵȺʱˡ³˹Ц
ҲһȻδ뵽³˹ĳ֣³˹ĺܰһûܱӰ졣
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237  סһ
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Ҹ߼ΪǧϹŴ壬һֱߴϹŴ֮䣬ѡ˭һսǻֵĻȫͶκһϹŴ壬лг϶ĺңĻҲ˭
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238  ס
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239  ס
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лȻҪˣȤڹͷ羰ʱһˮĺˮչ⣬ƾӨ顣
л֣
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λǣл΢һü
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лѹ˿ң꣬Ц֣޸ǳ
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ЦǺǣû˵Ȼ½ɺĻͬ
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ѹȵ½ɺɫ΢䡣
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лȻһЦһСǰȥ֣ʱټ
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İɣҶҵŮˣҾŹ
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꣡
콿Ц㻹治֪ǫ鰡
˵ЦһлʵϢʲôʱ򴫳ȥ
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лһ֮ȻʧЦСֶΣȻƤ£֪ĽϢȥˡ
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Сȥ
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飿ô㡣ɫʱ쳣ѿ㷳ߵ׷
лЦ⻰˵ÿ湻ֱ׵ġ
˱˵ĻƻˣɱΪȴǺΪ⣬ЦǺǵĵ壬֪ҵġ
巢ŭƤģл뵽ϣвһѵһߴϹż˲ɣ


242  
ߴϹż壬ֱ䡢֣ǣ߸ȻȺ󣬿սἰԭ򣬾ʲôԭû˵һ˵ܹλеһ򵥡
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̵ļҵڶ
ǡǡϹŴȱ֧ģ纫Ҿѡĵжԣ˵Һͺ
˵Լ͸¶һЩ΢Ķ
л۹ͶٿʼЩ仯ˣȻǼɵһַУǿҵķС
˵ֺ֧ңҪɱԼ׷ǻ峤СŮ˻ɣǲʲôԭ򣬱Ͼǻȱ̬ȫ֧ԼϹŴ壡
飬֣ظ㣡ɫǳѿ㣬ڿʼ㲻Ҫң
ƤЦĵˡ

࣬Ҫʣ飬󾯸㣬ҸûκιϵòҪҳƺĻݹҲ
ĵİ첻⡣
ŭӽ̡
ȴ۾գһ£ͦվ
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屻˽ǾٶŪ糺졣
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ͼлסϸЦǺǵĵλ֣Ҳ֪һλѾҵŮˣôǲ̫˵㣿
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ҲлĿˣһС˵̬Ŀлļͷϡ
Ϊ״ˣٻЩ߾֮˵󣬱˿˵ģɷˣ΢΢һգһҸӣ޷л˵Ļ
ԣҵŮˣԺ㲻Ҫˡлĵ
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ģɴ಻ȥ·ҸУһжһ
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һǰһķݡ
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лԴȥһʱһֱԼķ˵ĸоʱš
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лҲϰˣӰ˴ֲִ½ܾѾԴˡ
ֻǽ߹ġ
˹͸أɼԵǸǿԶ͵꣬ҶʮؼԵһǿߣȻģлͱΪ̫ӶĽɫлδ֮ǰҲָо
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л˱أ˵Ǳأ˵һС㳡ף㹻лʩչġ
Χǹϯ
λʮ򣬸һĹңеĸĸ˶һЩԸصΪ˴ս
Ž˵ԱĽܣǿѡֵǳ
лӶ̨Զӱֳֳ̨̨ʱɽХź
ˣˣˡ
սδʼһ·ôÿһ˵ͼһ˴ǰУ·Ϊһ壬һĽŲ
Ȼ顣
ļµĿֲѹǿһʱƥƺãضڲﶼڲ
˱Ȥ֮һˣǿսǲ˼ȫ۹һӣգҲȥ档
ǣ
һһӰӹ̨Ͽ粽ֱӽǾ̨棬վϲ࣬˸վһ

лһУǵ򴩻ͼ޵۶⿴꣬Ȼҡ


243  Ծһ
֮ƻ򣬲Ҫ˵ͼ޵۹޵۹޵۹˶ͣҷԣҡ߼ҡ޼ҡҡ塢塢ҹħ塢˴ûһ˵֡
Ϊҡ
ųǿµһң
㽾ҲգǿҲãǰͳͳҪǸ߹ͷ­ΪǾǿĴʡ
գչһлСӡ˵⻰ʱߣȴÿһ˵ĶС
Ҫûл
ÿһ˶ףȴ˸ҷ׿ȻõдգС飡
ûл
ƮƮķһڡ
ǿս
ռս
սսսսս
ȫڶյǿвμӱвȴϲ̼ı˸սź
һ˲䣬һɲҵɷڱϿա
Ĵֽս״̬
ણણણ
ȴǰλãֵָԶꡢлˣһϰɣ
̫ˣ
Զɫ쳣ѿһ˱ڿԾ˫ǰһ󻮶һĨ
ȹ
䣡
һתֱ̧һȭմ˳ȥǿĶ۳һһ״Сȭͷػȥ
УԶ󵹷ɣԭء
һɲǣҲˡ
ҲѡգȻյǿҲӣȽǿ߽ʶһֱǿĶ
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ջԶûһ㴭Ϣʱ䣬ȴֱֻӭ˵꣬ȭ֮⣬ײͬʱȴ
һ㣬ʵȴǵѷһߡ
ΪշԶһС
֣ȴûͣȻһתٴлǿ˫ȭӣ·Ҫһشл
лһš

һݶʮף˾̨ϲĵط㿪սĻᣬմΪ
ĿȴԶŭ

һϺȣȫһƬ
ͿԶ΢΢ζˢˢӰֱվңȻȫԶӡ
Ľݾիյؼ˿
˭Ҳû뵽Ľݼ屳ȻϹŴңҹϵʮֵУԹ
һչթһĻˡ
ಣಣಣ
Զһֱǵֳ꣬նȥȴûл
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ء
ǵһԶӲ꣬ȭײɱѷѽ⣬ԶҼйգͬսĲ¡
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µĵطһ˻ˣ˽Ϊ棬ԶһԿµؼ
𣡡
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Ϲ⻪ʢ˲ԶһץһʱʶĿŵ⻪С
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ȻϺڰף
ɫںϣɽһУɱһУ޿ɵ͵ľؼ
ˢ
ǺȻɫ⻪ҫֱӽԶ֮һɨĵ˳ȥ漴Ϳɫ뵽ǺɫС

Ϻȵ⻪һԶʱ
ԶҲɫ΢䣬
ħָ
նϺУ˫ִĴָǰȥ
ˣˣ
ĴĴָбȥֱӽԶĵɳȥǿƥĶıϿյķƱĪ⡣
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ˢ
ڵҪʩչŲɨɱһ֮ʱǱһԶҲٿȻʧԶºһ
˫ִĴָ˳ưڵϡ
ʱȥ
Զ͵˴˻һۣͬʱڿշһʩչһɱգһŲˢȥ
ֳ
ȫʩչʮؼ֮һ
أ
أ
Ⱥ촫
ǿƵձִĵɳȥſһѪ˭Ҳû뵽ǿƵȻˡ
ãղȥǵѪ¶һĨЦֵҶ˫һ죬ȫһɫĹâš
һȵ϶
Խ˻쳹Ͽա
յıȻչһңÿһǳֳɫĹ⻪չܳԼס
⣬ǳ䣡
˵е˸һʱؼ
ʮؼĿ漼䣡
йսߣЩϱɫˣ;ŲǶǼģܶǿֲµؼѾǺ𺳣ǳ䲻ͬǶһʱĿ漼
ÿһʱ˱
ܹӵеĶǲʱɧȴ޼Ϊֹ֪߲ô֡
ɾʱɧ漼
ˣ
䡢Ųؼײ˭ǿ˭˭ʤ


244  Ծ
ʣԱ֮ΪЦĴ½ܾŸֵǿƲ֣ѾгΪʵܾעΪǧŵĿ֮ս
˷ͼ޵۶
˭ܶɧɾǧŵһ콾
ɱ
ֲԼͬķһź
ǿƵձһԳ΢΢ͺ񶴴˿ռһ㣬ֱӳԶǰ
죬̫ˣ
ٶȼٶȷؼħӰѾﵽ׷ļޡ
䣡
ԶȻ䣬Ҳʩչǿ仯һϺȣͿ˾ı仯ˡ
ˢˢˢˢ
һֱ۴Զı
ԴҲԶңƺϳɺŵͷۣ۰ͬʱ趯Ĺ⻪
Զӣ
顭
˲ȭͷԺһΣ漴΢΢תǱĳɲǼתԵλøһë͹·ĸֵת˺Զ壬нնɱ˼
һĳ⻪ë˸ţɲǼΧĿռ䣬Զ·ߣֻӲ
ӵеħս
УԶۿ裬ǿƳ
ٴνн档
飡
죬۰򱻳նϣϱҲһ⻪ʧԶָֻ˵ģ
յ˫ȭ˳ƺ
䣡
Զ˫۽ֵȴ޷ܣѪɳȥֱ߿գշѪ
Զ֮˲תĵԡ
ˢ
ŲŲʹ⻪ȺϺ̼뵽ǰɫĹ⻪УվǺݺݵһɨ
ǾŲһУɨɱһеɨɱһС
׹ںʵɨһеʥ
ꡭ
ȴ˲հС
ǾŲӲ
أ
ͬʱһ󵹷ɳȥ
Զ˫һţϺȵ䣡
ಡ
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ˣ
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Ҫʤˣ
У㣬ʼδֵлٶҲﵽޣ硣
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վһ΢ǰ˳бϷȥ죬л죬һ߿ա
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ųǿλٶ
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쿴ϣǳë
쳣Ĵ̶ȴ˵ĿⶼйȥͿлץһѳɫë
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ǿǿƥհ
ƾһٻԶ͵ĳְȻлץôë
ۻˣ
þ
˶˼ĶлǵȷʵһƬհףһʱ޷ǰʵ̫˼ˡ
𣡡
ŭȫһɫţȻлë
ԭ£
ŭȫչȶһɫĹ߿ձȥٶٴ𾪶
Ƶ磡
лҲչٶȡ
Ǿͬ貵Ĺ˲ײһ̼佻ʮȭȭȭûǿ£޾Ĺ⻪Ϊ˷ɢȥ̵޷۾
𣡡
ë
Ҫëɱˡ
ȣ
лҲʾһ˲߳ʮȣʱǰֳһƬǵصӰ
顭
ëɱ
ƬӰʧлشŵĽѾȴյǰصǰλá
ۣ
ʱһѪ˶˳ȥ
ȫˣ
𾪵Ըӣ춯أյĿֲѾ֤ʵģǿԶ͵ؼɳȥȻлĶԿУлһŸ߷ˡ
ò
ò𺳣
ò㤣
һз·ͬξĲʵ
һжʵģǸ˺Ϊ̫ӶģΪ߹лȻ˵ǿơ


245  Ծ
𣡡
𣡡
ŭӵĳХʣǱ˵Զ͵ֱӲͬķԸӵٶȳɱ
ǶѾɷڿɰ裬뱻ڵϣԶô򵥣ʶ֮ǿƳ
ֻ˵Ŀձл
УǸо̫Ӷĵ˭
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ۺһһ
Զ˻ţ϶ֱۣȫһĹΣںϽ˫֮ڡ
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𣡡
лƶŭĿħޣⱻһȼյţһ̣ͬƥľˣ˫Ŀ͸ҰĹâںڵҷҵ趯ţҽ̧ȻأڲɢļµĿѹ
һ̣ȫѻȸ
һ̣ΨпҰлرɫӰӡ˵ԺУҲ޷Ĩȥ
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𣡡
춯ص쳹ʮ
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ͬʱһɭɨһелӦǽӶɨɱһУбɱܡ
˫̽ӿȵļȥ

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ŲȻˣ
꿴ľһҲδƽľŲȻͱôˣһĵڶлȭĺɳȥ
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лһˡ
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Ųʹ⻪͸졣
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ಣಣಣ
˶֮ǰлȳ˫һ˸â·ɵͬʱȡˡ
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ʧ

лʧһɲǣ˱ͬʱ˵˵ģԣȴĪ⣬ʤ
Ҫɡ
Ψи߿տƽ޷ãȴ·ɵԶô򵥣Ȼڻ֮Ĵػ
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ɫ䣬û뵽лȻѡԼǿ֣ĳȶ
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ҪɱлĹͬʱķ
뷨ãлȴ
ǳȶһ˲䣬л˫ֱַ̽أأץס
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ֺϲ
лץסˤҪյı˺
һٶ鶼۾
һϣĳ佫׵ıϣǿҵһʧҪ֪һʱ϶
ɱ
ɱ
Զ͵״ͬʱԶֱɱ·ɵһԶ͵ɱ
ء
л״յɨˣǱˣ̽һץ·ɵͬʱع顣
ֳ·ɵյĳͿȥ
䣡
ռȵ
׳ĳëɲǼСлл䣬ճûǰɳȥлĹɱ
Զ͵Ĺٴɱ
Ųա
ԶЮ֮һĽ˸˽ȥ
ͬʱ˭ɿ⡣

ʥʡ
лյ֣Զһ
һĨ˳ȥԶ乥ɱǽս޶
ɱһУлתײǵȥ
죡
лְӰ浶ߣɲǼ㽫ǾŲ˺飬ʥǲ㽫еĶ̹նϡ
顭
лƺ˫߳
ȣ
顭
˲ʮȣȫڵǰֻùͷѿ죬Ѫлߵķ¾̨
һ߳֡


246  Ծġ
ǿʣˣ
л۶Զĵ֣㲻ҵĶ֣ȥɡ
⻰Զ˵ζ
ǰ죬л˵ȫĴڣҪһ£ȴǱӦֻء
ת޷ܡ
Ҳȥܡ
ܣҲҪϣԶ˫һӣһɾս⼤ʹ䡣

ұһ̣
лһһƬȥȻ·ɵʵ·ɵҲڴȵӡ
ಣಣಣಣಣ
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ɲǼ䣬֯һ˴˽ݺᣬͨ˴˵ײıÿһ·ɵй켣˸޷϶ǵķ·ߡ
޶
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գۼ䣬˵˱Եλá
գ
лһȣ·ɵɢȰͻȻԶǰһȭ
أ
ԶӦ٣ȴҲἰȫлһȭĴӾ̨棬ҪʱʥȻ¡
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𣡡
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½ܾлʤϹżաԶĵĻ
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ĽݼľٶȴǺ京壬ʾлҲʾǼԼ壬ֻлڻûȫӦѾԼǸССлңӴϹŴ塣
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249  ̡
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лɵÿЦ
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ҪɱңҲûôףлｹ֣ϵĹ۲ܣϣҰܹ֡
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ƭҿ湻ҵġлЦ
΢΢һЦл־ͽɣҿɲʲô֡
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Ůһۣͬӡ


251  㵡
һѾܹǿƾԼҪվ߶ȴԾɷѾĶָһЩȴһ㣬һʱ޷öһָ
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ҪѷɫĶ࣬ΪæµСףѾΪ˵רְʦ
죬ܹվ߼ˮĲŽǿѾ۵ĽǶ˵ģǵлһȣƵģʱʱ¶ַ顣
Ҳ磬лץشĻ𼦡ãɫȴأ֮ǰɣ𼦡ýСףɽ
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253  ع
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254  ع
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255  عġ
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256  šһ
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裬ɣҼ˶ǰĽѾˡһЦ
ǱΪľŮӻӶ󽣵ֵţŴŭɣһ޳ܣеСָƣٴڱС߹УСǷ䡣
֪Ķ֣ɲɵָʱ򣬾Ǹ˴Ҳûаղ˵ס㡣Ц
ҲǵЦС㣬ҪִԲˣҼ˵ķˣԺͽΪѣҲߴϹżκһҿһˣֶΪء
лԣͷһ
û뵽ȻϹŴ壬ǿĿļҲǧʷǿ壬ΨЩпϣߴϹżеһ忹һ¡
ֻĸأ
裿ңȻܵģиصĹ涨ŮֻĸգܰգֻӲſ游յġ
ȵȣ
лԺһ⣬ԭˣԭˣŮӸĸյĿΪ˲ߴϹŴԼƣߴϹżԼڶǲжģԷֹŴ½תŮأǶĸյģ˭֪ǲϹŴˣǿԻŲִܲ½ʵŮӹȻֵģͬģЩ츳ѵģͨŮӻޣܹУǿһã
лһ˵ĳ嶯ʲôϹŴ壬ϲκ飬ʵ϶ڰнŸԵĲ֡
ڰɫ񵤳Լ𽥿ʼǱ˴Ĭ·ϳ֮ǰͨŮӽеĲѾʼʾˡ


257  š
ѹָ۹ϹŴֵľٶ˿ıʾлһһ۹ĵЩǧ˿ƵĹϵЩ۹ڱȻŸˣЩӦЩŮӺᡣ
л̾һ֪Խ࣬ԽС
˵ЩԼ¾ЩĸյĴŮĺ¶ǿֲ֮ġ
ҪһΪĺѺѡ

ҵĽлӳ˼оѹ̧ͷȥֻ˵ǲǿȴ޷ӳˣȴԾҧأƴʾ
Ȼ֪ݣܴ֪ǶԸ¶֮˵ݣлˡ
йЩ
ҲˣҪܻ׽л˵ѣõİ취Ҳ֪ݵˡ
С㣬ˣϺһԾն˫ս׺ݵնȥ˵ȫһ
Ƽصҧӽֿ
ݣ
ǵһ˲䣬л׳һ·ɵĺ
ȫ뵽͵Ϯ
֣Ϊʱ
ۣ
·ɵĺ͸
ҽһʬлȥ˫·ɵЯױȥɱ·ɵջ
ʣŵøϽֵ
ľ֮£Ӧ·ɵײ裬׽͸ķй켣
̼ͱһ·ɵϡ
жʱһлʹĺðһɨնԴջ·ɵֽͷ­ն׶ϾǽĿܡ
ǣ
˳ֻɱҲֲסһƨڵϣҲ£ڴڵĴŴ
лóһƿξƵݹȥξơ
лɨһ·ɵԼȭףٿξƣ㿪ѯʵ
ҡл
ȭס·ɵξƶơ
״ץξƣһһƿξȫȥȻȥǵľգҲһ
ûУһƿ
лһ£óһƿξƽ
Ծһ
ˣҲе˿ڻָ࣬ȥϵѪͿϵ˿Ѿָࡣ
лȡмгһҪĻ˵һһϵġ
кʮĸԡ
лЦҪмĻ鷳Сش𣿡
û⡣赹Ǹɴ࣬ĸ壬ǼĹ涨һ뿪Ůӣ˵ĸ塣
Ȼˡ
л̾һ⻰ܹ϶֮ǰеƶ϶ʵģЩϹŴ˵Լȴһס
Ще˭ǲǸˣлʵ
ǣƨֻϼҵΧԱѡƲƲ죬ӵ˵
ϼң
лΧԱʲô˼
ΧԱЩ޳ȥļŮӵĺᣬǼѪѾǳˣ֪˵ĸϼϵһŮӡش
ԭЩ޳ȥŮӵĺǼΧԱл˭ķԸ
ʵ
֮ɽǿнԲڵĵĿľҵġлҲûҲ֪ˣֻҪһܹ֪ġ
ȻѹǻһΪרҪԸҵأ˾Ȼҵĵţԭ
ĵţλͷӰлֹٴʵһ˭
ֻΧԱκһϼӵܶ⼸꣬ƺһֱǿ´һЩġ˵
лͷһ˭
սĿ֮һ
սǣлȵ
սǣ֪֮һҳУκε۹ĹϽ֮ܵˣ˵ϹżνĿľҪĻҳУκƵɱ¾ǿһ
ÿһΪ츳ĴһսĥһģΪ֤ƽ䳬ʮģʲôˣڣʶ˵սһ֮ǡ
ͬģܹսǻʮ꣬ô˱ؽõһЩϹŴ֦ΪϹŴһԱҲһɳ죬ֻս̫пᣬܹ߳ģϹżľӢ
ĿսǵʮһĶ֣ȻǿǣǾӦսǶˡ
սǣǸѵҲսǣл뵽ʥλܹսǣ仹ʮ̡ǿ
Цôܣ˶ʮˣʸսǣֻҪһЩӳսǣɱˣŻø˶ֵģս
лüëһҪȥսһˡ


258  š
Ȼ˵ǿô˵˻˯ȴͷѵľ綾ӦúͿŽܵϵ
ԴˣлȻ
Ҫҳ֣
ȥսǣĿȹâ˷ܵ˵
лЦû
̫ˣϲ֮齨һţʵҲѡһЩһĸ֣սĿģΣһԽĿٶ£
սǵľƣĿٵĴڣһƿصһ˽ȥȻǺѵãٴӦǴؼλʱܲʺ缶ҪۼԼŸҽ룬˵ĿٵʵԺǿ
С㲻֮áл
˼Цлһ£ͬˬĴүƵģֻͼ˾ٶ˸еһҰ
лһҪ£ϾȥսǣҪЩʱա
һڣں˵û⣬ҲеҪţҪһ°ɡ
ʲô£лʵ
ڲμӴ½ܾʱʮӶΪ׵ʮӶֿһϹŴĲرصء˵оһҹϵеװ˳
װϵУ
лɴ۾ʵĸϹŴ壿ôװϵУװǰѾʦһؾ𣿡
ϹŴɱߴϹŴ廹Ҫϣôĵ֪װϵеĶҲ֣ѩԣѩ塣ǻ
лԺвĴӸǵصطѩħ޵ӰصħƱƣΨһĲͬͨѩףǳΪѩƺҲǡɣѵǸط
Ȼҹװ϶ʮӶŸȥ˰ɣܹ㶯üл˵
һ׵ģѩȻϣȴҲûװֻҹװеҹƤ׵ȼѣҹƤ׾ͱʮҵСȥˣǻȥĸصħ޵˵ҪպչȸЩʲô˵ҹƤŮʽװϵУĸˣӦò̫ӵġ
лҲˣȥҹƤס
Ҳãպϣһȥչȡлùϵ˶սǶԸа
վ£ǡ
㻹ɷɣǿҪŬŶȻսǣֻȥˣսھӢһЩϹŴһĸ֣䲻ܶʮµơ
һ˵лҪ¡
ǾǿʵΣȻ¸ˣлĶͷ֪Ϲżһ˵ǲμӴ½ĶǶʮµһ֣һĸ֣ҲǶʮϣʮµĺٳ棬ģⷽ棬Σ
һЩȫģŶﵽʥ˰ɣ΢ıǲʺ缶ҡ˵
лһۣɣʮʥ磬Ǳ̺Ҫǿ֪ǺǶʮŴﵽʥλİɡ
ޡ
˺ü˵ϹŴУ˱ﻹ˿Ժ̡Ტۣ񣬾ǸҲԶ
ǵ䣿лֵ
Ϊ̺ڻûнмϴʽƾԼʵﵽһġش

л˵мϴʽ֮ٶܹһģ˵ƺ̺Ϊʲôмϴʽ
ΪߵǼϴʽռʽǾһﵽ磬ռʽĻֱӽλǴﵽʮпܵģֻΣԼ󣬷츳ߣһĽݾ漴¶ɫΪֹͱ֪Ψһһѡһݾˡ
лףϹŴڵһﵽʥĲ֮ԳΪٮٮߣΪǵߵһ֮··ٶȲͻһﵽֱӴﵽϱڽµĿֲ߶ȡ
Ҳӵıһ㡣
ϹŴĿֲԺŵġ
һдﵽʥģôϱأһǧ꣬Ĵ壬ǵ˿ڻж󣿿¶мʮϰ˿ڰɣôлжٵأһ٣٣Ǹࣿ
޷
ͬʱлҲǲע⵽裬ȥҲǶʮӣûоϴʽѾǴؼλʱʺ缶磬ʼհٶȣ¶гԽ̺ļơ


259  żһ
ĿУл֪˺ܶϹŴʶĶйս顣
սĿ٣ʮ
Ŀʵڲʺ缶ңڴؼҲиڲʺ缶ģ֮ԲĿΪͳ˧ޣʸҲɰĿ֮ٶһЩϵġ
Ŀ߹ʶսǿ˵ǷǳĸӣҪֻһ취ʵ
ҪоԵʵܹ
лɷҲȷսʲôˣǴﵽؼǲʺ缶ϣ
Ҳż
ӵɫٶȾǾ˵ģκˣ¾̡˾ʽϴҲδٶȿݣܹٶȷģ¾ɫ񵤵ˡ
̿УлѾ֪ɫ񵤲һö
סľԵģأˮ𡢷硢𡢹⡢Ҳܹöɫ񵤵ģΪֹߴϹŴмصɫ񵤻леһö
л˼
ܷصĵطһ·֮Ͽ˵С㿪Щǵ
ĴɱųҲһЩЩѾԭǰ棬ӦµĿԸһЩлҲ̫鷳Լʱɽ
ɽΣ汻ӲݺľڣϸĻѷɽĴڣлƮɽ⡣
˭
һȴͿɽڡ
㣬ҡлЦ
ֱԼʮ죬Ѿָ࣬Ҳɽ汧С˳
һΪǸأԭɻЦֻԺȴܶʱл̺˵龰΢΢е㷢̡
ɻôˣȻ˵ǲɻлʱҪǲɻ޷ʱ򣬾Ͳ使εСˣ̫Һˡ
лҡͷԵӣһЦСףѵ֪ĲɻȲĵ㲻֪Щ죬춼߶أķѾ˰ɡ
ԣ˵㣬ô˵ңϣ֪˭ң
㣬˵ò˵ġʱ࣬׷塣
лŮ֣˵ƽݣŮҲеҵӣжʱ򣬾ͲʱȵĿⶢʱһĿ־壬ڵͦϲζġ
㣬ˣ˼ڿءЦ
££ǰ㷢Цĵ˵ɻôͻȻˣǲʲô
ұ͸һöģû뵽Ȼôƺңˣ˼ҲҪлһΡ
ö徫һ񣬡ʲôöóҿ
л˫۱أġ
ץסлĸ첲ĵܵܡ˵ĳǸܻܵ
ҵѽ
лһĶߣԶԶأҼ޵ֲɱ̫ˡ
Ц
ٺЦȻԺ㡣
лĴָˡӿռָڽǰųļʥ˳͸㡣
ʥ
ʱĿһԾĵ
ıֻǼƷʥûﵽͻȻõһʥɵ˷ܵشסлԴݺݵһ¡
񰡣ле
ץżʥص̫ˣҲʥˣлĽ£ûĵǿǱĳǣǴռˡ
лռˣǺãҰҽĳ͸㣬ǳƽ
ȥȥȥƿռıˡ
ʲôңռˣ㣬ռˡлĲǺް취
һЦеĿ֡

ֻ£˸һӺݴȣǻ纣ĸо
㣬ô˵Ҳǻ峤СŮ츳ҲǼߵģôʥûУлʵ
ԣ֪̾ϹŴ嵽Ǹĸһͷ˵ߴϹŴ˵Ǵһģ˿࣬ߴٶǼ٣ҲһʮˣȫǼҼ֮ˣУʲôšššֲţ˵ĻһץһѣЩ֮±лȫҪ࣬ҲǸвͬ壬峤СŮûǵɣ֪ʮǼ֮˺ҹ̣ҲСƨӣҺ˼Сүү˵ɣ·ôְɡ
лһ
һٶ˿ڣȷǺѷ䣬Ҳ˵ЩϹŴʵ̫ǿ˵㡣


260  ż
ȻȰ츳֣䣬ʵȰģ츳ЩֱҵͺüȴҺܶ࣬Ȼģһû˼ҾѾʸȡʥˣһôᣬһ˵ϹŴ壬еĶ٣Ծɮ١̡̾ţڿܻҪһ裬ֳ̬ʽ츳϶ڴﵽʥ֮󣬽һͣ˶ҪȥȣЩ˿һӶȲߣԼȥġ
ἰ裬лʵĸ壿
ЦңţڴŽӽǧ˰ɣߴǿļ壬Ҳߴ嶼£ļ壬ΪҴһÿһðһλɾ֮ȴ峤ֻǵϣԱĺӣܵŮ̡ܹȵľŮӣұΪΪڰ˴ϹŴǿǱ
ôлԾһ
ԭΪ츳ҲͰˣû뵽һ嶼ڳ츳Ĺ̥֮ұʹʱ䳤ãѻʲô
֪ʮԶô٣ܶϹŴ嶼ģĸʮһ˵ʮΪĳĳ˴˻ɣܱ֪ʲô𣿡
ҡҡͷл֪ʮƺûġ
ЦΪܱĬΪսҲĬΪΪڴﵽʮֻ֮һս֪ǾǺ;Ȫľ
ȪʮĶǿߡл˵֪ⷽģȪӶ֮׿Ķʮеǿ֮һ
ʮУʮУȪˡ˵
лȻɺϣսҲôɰɣ
ҲĬսԭ֮һΪŰ˴ΣֻʮдܾȪ˳ΪҪھ֮ϣҲ˵ʮǿĴڣΪû֪׶ǿûʽΪս

˴ΣʮڴܾȪл󶼸е˼飬ƾȪҲƵİɡ
㣬˵ʢȪδйһܰʱ廰
Ǹ߼Լ˵ġЦΪܰ˴ΣҪ˵һˣҸ׵ʱҲȻŵġ
Ҳˣ˭þܵҡ
лȻˣܹﵽսĻ˲á
ܳսҾҲ˵ǵڰ˴Ϲżˡ˵
ȷˣս̫ˡ
л㽫ʶĹ˵һ飬ҴպǰȥչȣΪҹƤס
˵ȻЩܹҹƤף϶еħ޵ǷǸҲȻᱻȥʶǳû뿪˵أ΢˵л롣
뷨ֻʱû뵽͵ʲôطл
Цȥ޵۹³ǰɡ
Ϊʲôлʵ
һ³ӽɽĳУҲǸӶפĵط֮һӶפڶ³޵۹˭֪Ҫ޵۹ģƵУؿɱܿʥ̡߼Ұ޾Щ֣³ɽǾͺڸ˵Ƥ£˭뵽Ǿǲߣģղ˵ˣʮӶƳѩĲرصأȻǰ³ҲǸʱ̣˵ĿⶼڱϣӲע⵽ǣ塭٩٩̸
ͣ
Ͻеô뵽ģҵڻû뵽һ㶼뵽ôˣġ
лЦΪ̫ˣ˼Ҳ˵شޡƳһزҲǺܴ󰡡
ǻƽлֻЦҲûǰųˣ˵ң뵽
Цһл͵һ
ЦԭҲǱһ
㣬ҾðɣⲻǱ˹ڴˡл˵
ûͬ
˵ӣֻЦһҲ֪ǷΪжͬɽԵʣ˵ĸҪöࡣ
ʲôʱ³ǴҪʱ䣬󣬰Ҫȥɽȣ鲻𡣡
ⱦ´֮󣬾ͳɡлóĽ͵Ǽ±£
Ǻö˵ɻ㻹Ǻ˱˰ʥȴǳʥ±£ǲǿǴ½һŮ
лٺЦҲǴ½ڶŮ±ǳʥ𣬵ǳ֮⣬Ϊʥġ
ƨ巭۵Ǵ½ڶŮıأǵڼ
ǵڶŮǵڶŮлЦ
ֵһлĶͷһȻӣߺߵ֪ô˵컬Ĳɻ


261  ż
һСȥˮ;кȣҲ˳ץһЩóԵҰζ
ɽڽʣл
Ŀԣ֮Ҳеһ˿ĪļлЦ±»ϰɣԺİȫкܴİ
š
ӦһҡȵлĽǰһɵ
ĺ覴õĽݷһĨĺΣŮߵлһ̲סȥڻУǼͣǿȴǰ̾ѣ˲ã֪֮
Ϊ½һŮһ㲻Ϊ
͸һʥϳǣһʥ±£ǲҶĵһĨζЦ⡣
Ҫô׾ͰѴ½һŮ㵽ֻ֣ܱҵ̫ˡл
һۣȻɿл촽һ£תȥɣҪ·ˡ
ֱˡ
леԼܲˣȻŮ˷߷ߵ룬ҪлᣬһҪȥţУ̫ˣӦǼӱ
ɽ߳
ɽϮȴ˵úá
˳˵ҪŮ֣ͦңģлζŮʶĹ̡
лȻεĸо
л֪ͶŮչȥֻЩڴˡ
Ųɽ߳
ʹѾʹӣ±Ҳ˿仯ӡ
յܷʩչҵϣл뵽ǻף¸硣
ҡͷУֻܶԼãҪѪ֮˲ɹѪ޷ѣӦʦһԭ򡣡
ǻۣлʱ򣬾̹ˣڸᣬת˼֮죬ǿ࣬˵ҲʦǿҵȤʵ֪ģ
ھ꿪ʼԼڻҲ߸ʮ죬ʮǧʮһ鼮˵ÿ꿴鲻걾ͨ鼮˹ʦԭ򣬸ҵжϣʦ֮ӦǱһǿߣʹϴͨȫ½˵ѪӡֻѪ޷ѣʦְҵĻѪѡ
꿪ʼ齫ʮ򱾣леѣθС
һֱΪԼȺ飬ƺʮ꿴黹û࿴ʮ֮һĶ࣬޻ҵĲЩ鼮ݿɲл鼮ܱġ
Ѫѣҵû˵ѪʦĻΪʲôڻ˿ʹл뵽Žࡢ˹˵ˣһܹʹö䰧䣬һܹʹġ
Цʩչԭʮ֮һͲˣԿԻأǸӡѪϴͨߣǵʦչȥȫ½ʴսĻ½Żôİɡ
ܹӡȫ½˵Ѫ˸òǡлָָ죬ζ˵е顣
ǡɴĻشˣһΪﵽǳֲزˣ˭ڻҿ϶ѾС˷Χгһգܹ˵ݸڳ
ӣлȻ֣Ҫǵת˽ĸ֣Ӧһ
ûãСױˡ
һһ޾޵۹³Ƕȥ
³λɽԶżĵطл嶼ܹɰ裬û˵ĵطǾͻֱӷУٶȵҲúܡ
Լ֮ǱɽķΧڡ
ʱֵʱ֣ոգл˱ͣѡһˬĵطһЩ
С׾óһЩտõҰζ
ллСסС׵ıӣǰÿ춼ԻʼĶҲζˣǺС׵ĳձһϰ
ţţšŴͷ
С׵ҡͷԡ
лЦտģС׵ȷеһ޶ļƣҪһЩˣҪŬ
ѽѽС׻ӶСצ飬ǵ˹Ц
ŷлţʵѾָɷλյЩĶһҲӲԶԣҪĶ࣬³ǣصĻҲԣٲᱩ¶ȴΣϵǻ峤СŮǺӶŵ˽Ӵºˣ滹ĶЩ鷳ȡᡣ
ѽ
СͻȻͷ̽С򣬷
ǲ˿л֪С׵ıӱȮҪö࣬ǿǿζ
ѽѽСָԶ
л߿գִ￴ȥֻһӶԶǰıʶȻӶŵˡ


262  żġ
֧Ӷ治٣˰ٶˣһһ٣ϵǴؼĸ֣ٵӶȫл޿ˡ
ٴҲǸпࡣ
ʱʵ൱ʳޣŷֱֻһ߸µʱ䣬ȴѾ췭ظı仯лȻȫ½֪֣ڴ½ܾ˷
ɿԼ޿֮ǰǵӶԽУʱȻ޴棬ĽҲǷɿ죬ѾƼ磬лڽĩɷٶҲ쳣˵ģֻлǰȴʵò֡
л٣ģ޿˸е֡
лҲû㱻ɵӵġ
ѵŶģ޿˾ȵ
ġлȻ֪νĴŴžֵĻսˣֺ䶯ȻԶڰ֮³ǡ
ʱ³ӶŸѾ塣
Ϊǻ峤СŮȻҪԴ
ǽ񣿡лĵ
޿˿ؼ֣˵ǵõϢѩĺѩĲرصڵõѩһصصĶ
Ŷѩ廹һصأлȻ
ȷʵˣǵ飬Ŷȴ˳ɡ޿˱͵лһҲûʲôģɿ鱨ʾѩǴر֮ԱʵѩĸΪʮӶŵǴرأԲرڵһЩʮӶŵע˲رصڵƷƷԿѩصأصѩİء
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˱Яָɽȣ;ǵŵˣȻ飬裬ɱ˲գۣνһŮɲ
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л赽ɽȵʱԶԶؾͿɽȵλϣһЩˡ
бö˶ħ޵ۼġ
˷ֱ˵ΧĶˣлһ۾ͿҪöסʥλ֣ǰһͷһռݶλãǸˡ

лϳ½ʮֵʮӶţüкɫĺʥ̣һˣȴһϮĺ£ֳֺɫذףǴ̿͵Ĵ磬֪һ
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лһۣ˼ǰȥ
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263  С׿ڡһ
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ԭţȴǱϣԣǸռһλγΣɸ˴ڵһǿʥλ磬Ѿһ˶Կһˣлһʵǿ軹ûʺ缶лȴʮ㣬Ϊ֪صڵİ⽫̡


264  С׿ڡ
Ϊˣл͸Ŀһʱǻ䣬ɱ𣬵
˭Ҳû˵
ڴʱ˿̣ǰȱħӡĴţؼģ޷ѩħ޵Ҳûκá
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һǽ׳͸һǿҵս⡣
Եյƣ˹ظͷ𴦣·ʲôҲûƵģʱ˵Цš

һѹеǿҲģͬһħӡŵĴǰ
лҲ˴ŵΡ
ⲻһȴţصȴţһȴɫ׵磬Χħţ׵ƺĳص
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죬ȴһ
Ǵŵ׵硢桢Сˮ̶ȫֵģʵĴڡ
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С׿˺һǰǵĴǰ˾Ҳ˵ע⡣
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Сһ͵͵˻лȻԭǿųʱתΪ֮ϡ
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ˢˢˢ
л͸еԼĶ̼䱩˽һֱӴﵽɷλƿͻƵļ
ܲʱСƮƮ档
Ҳһ䡣
һ˿С͸
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лȻôɷλľ硣
ЩȻĿСףֻС׶һЦоûУҪ֪ʲôˣʵ쳣ѵģΣյģС׾Ȼɵлͻˡ
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ʱͼͳͳա
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леƺҲǺܴʱȴͬʱĿˡ
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źĿռ䲢رԼһٶƽڣһص̨
̨ÿһ㶼кȴͼһµͼΨһĲͬЩͼĸӴ󣬲ұûħš
ڼ̨ĺͨޱȡ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ͨӦþ֮ǰĵطӡ̡
λûУνصʵΪѩħ޵ãֻҪõѩħ޵ҲԷѩΪáЦ
ʮӶŵ˹ظͨٿ̨̨ͬͼӦȴš
һжͬһ㡣
ҷ˰ɡ˹ظٺЦöѩħ޵ˣҸöΣ
۾Ȼԡ


265  С׿ڡ
Ը˺˹ظΪ׵׵رЭ飬Ҫֶȡöѩħ޵
˹ظǣʵ͸ǿһ˾ܸɵȫˣοкʥ̵ˡЦҿõİ취֣ȸɵ˵
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Ϊʲôճ
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лһУİ·ɵ»عС

Ȱһī̿͵һɨѪɽУī̿ըѣŨصѪлסֱ͵һǽϡ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
޺Ҳ֮
ǰǸĸѩͼͬʱĹǿǽĵֻѩͨڡ


266  С׿ڡġ
ѩͻ̷֣˹
лĿ죬ѩ֮ǰѾʩչƵ磬ͨڣ뿪Сˮ̶һٶ׵ľ롣
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˿ȵһУ۵Ĺ⺮˳һɨһ˶׳׿ľ޽֡

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267  šһ
лĿް׻һʱ䲻֪˵ʲô

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ô֪Լӡģ֪Գᱻ˷ֶɱʲôܹɱ㣿ΪʲôȴҪлһĸ⡣
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268  š
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269  š
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273  ġ
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274  һ
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275  
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276  
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277  ġ
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278  ơһ
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أ˴Ⱥ˳Ц˵ǿϾδﵽʥܹʥ֣Ǿûܹһɱлˡ
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Ӷפл֮󣬼óһƿξƣһξƸȸˣĵҲָ߰˰ˡ
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˵лֻĶͨҲϾؼʩչ֮󣬶ʮ׷Χڵһ޷ЦʥԼĽŲҲԣΪȵȡ
һСɶѡлû˵ĶͨתʵһսЩӶӦˣٲˡ
ҿҲǡЦЦ뿪֮ҵЩӶפһ⣬һлٵͰҲʶսĿģǶǵһ壬ԶѾˣЩΪӶȥִˡ
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㽫Լİ취˵˳
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279  ơ
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лȻһЦ޵۹ĹʣЦЦ
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ҵȻֻ֪ϣ˲ҪȻ˿ʵѣСΪ飬ҵʮӶŵսˣȥĻҲлЦ·лǿʵǰ˹ظСо
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лɸӦսлǿЦ
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лȻǰּ档ɨһ۸ˣָ˵ɫֵɫȻˮҶϵľ綾ûȫɾҲûкãϴˣοûôˡ

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Ը˵ʵˣҲ˲õģ̫ˣлܹӥ޻صļ˭Ҳ֪һֱ㱻лٶش
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˶ɷϸ֣лҲǸеһ˿ѹûʥĸ֣డһֹ¾ЦƶҪڴˣһš

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289  ħѻ塿
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лǣ˵ͻڼɷϿʼÿһȼĿԽ쳣Ҫġ
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296  ںϡ
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297  ɵ顾һ
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Щ˵ʱļһ￪ڳ
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298  ɵ顾
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299  ɵ顾
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ߵףԭڸ˴˵Ĭ£ų̂Ͻжֻǰӿлɱ峤Ϲأǻе峤˽ˣͬڸǰĲͷһ㡣
ѾƴҾ֣лͼ޵۹ع飬һӾͽìܴӿӻĳ̶Ƶ˼ɱıԵ
лҲܼ򵥡
صʹδʹڻʹڣ屳ϹŴңҲ֣οҲ֪ͨҰҰӶŵһָסʹĿĺԣҡ
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300  ӥ֮䡾һ
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ǣ޵۹˵ϴ֮ǰﻹһƬбڶԫɱ֮ھͳꪳɳһĻ˵
лüͷ壬޵۹ĹĻǺ⣬Թ֮˵Ҳжţںܶżжǰʦеʦһְҵ
νʦɲսģǵʱÿһҶְҵŹ󣬲ˣףԹҵһۻָĹżõְҵְҵʵﵽ۷壬лڿһľ󣬱ǽһ۹Ĺҹľɫֳ
Ҳ˵޵۹֮ʱλʵ߾һλµܹӵһԤδʦĴڣһʦԻʱ쳣ľĴڣϴͨصĵڣͨ˵صı仯޵۹Ļʵһʾ
ô˵ڵ޸ս޻˵Ǻܲģлʵ
صĵͷ
лüͷ˵޻ҡؼҡϣӦҪǿ͵Ŷԣأ
ʲôǱԵģ


301  ӥ֮䡾
л˵޵۹ϵ̫ʶû̫ĹעοõϹŴ֧֣ȻȻľγ˸۽磬δл˵ȻĴ
ֻ޸֮ĶƺԤʾߴϹż֮һ̵Ĳģʤ˫塣
ȥ֪ͨҰųȥؼҺҹ䡣л
ȻһЦ
ȵľ仰˵ҲͨæȻݲһ㣬ɶҰȴֻܽ飬Ψл̫⣬ΨܹҰ
ɣá
л΢һͷ
뿪ˡ
ո߳ĹлͷЩƵı׷ױʧ
ȻҰĳ֣޸֮Ķ΢ãϾҰߴϹŴ֮һǻ൱Ȩ͵屳ܹġ
Ǳ仯ҲˣлЩʧ
Ұĳ֣δ𵽸Եá
Ҳ˵޵۹ľԾǲܣηչڻûܹȷƶϣлҲ㲻ȥǡ
Ŀʯλá
ڴ˵
˵طȻܷŹ˵лͼ޵۹鶯þо鶯ϢŨĻô鶯ϢҺ壬̫ˣﵽ޷ĵزлȻŹֻᡣ
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δȥͿϱڲԫľҲ֪ζʲôɴ۾ȥǡ
ܿ죬
ɾʱ·һĲһǣ£лͬϰ㣬һƬǿա
ǿڣһȻڡ
Ȼް׻
Сףлѿڽе
ް׻¶Ȼı飬˭ΪʲôҴϸоԼϢһǿң
㣬ˣлȵĵ
Ǽǰڴ½ϵ֮һӵбļֻǰް׻ķ˵

лԾ̾ǺεȵĿֲȻзһҲûͽľ˵һ顣
ް׻ķ꣬ԭž޲¶һĨοЦ⣬ڽӡͲϣˣû뵽֮󣬾Ȼô˻
ޣҲǷлʵ
Ƿް׻ش
лΪʲôĴ޵ķڴ˵أҰ޵۹ѹˣ޵۹ʵûǰ
֮ô˵ҲиݵģܹĴ޵ķѹˣǺεȵʵ޻ҲܹﵽߴϹŴ忹ĵزأǡǡ෴ʵϹŴ
ΪʦĴڡް׻ķûκȻлܹõް׻Ͽɣ˵Ҳˣ紫ԣʦûսʵԴشʦΪ֣һǣ֪Ĺ󣬲ˣһʦսĴڣս˵ܹ֮ıһи֡
˻
лһ
ʦȻ˵ǿ޵ˣ
޵۹һʵ۱һʦְҵһֻһΣǴﵽ۷ʱ̣ʹʦ䣬ֱǣĴ޵ķĴ޷ѹˡް׻ķ˵
л޷ĴޱԸͷų
ް׻ķ˵ͷ
лһ
Ҳ̫̬˰ɣҪ֪ĴǿϵĴڣл֪սĴڣʵ֮ǿԿԺд½ƫƫôĴ޾ȻϴͨǿаȥԼ顣
̬
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ް׻ķ¶һĨʽ΢ЦʦʦĴڣڵѾ׾һ£ı仰ҲڱԤУó֮ʥ顣
£л͸еȫһٶۣĴʯλãΧбڶԫ
лվǰ׻ʯ
ʯİ׻һ˫Ŀ·͸һ˿飬֮ǰǰµ̬ȡ
뵽һĻлóް׻ʥ顣
Բӣɢ͵ĹΡ
𣡡
֮һ춯صȴʯͼȻһĨɫĹΣ·תһ㣬ſһ
ʯȻҪٵʥ飡
лͷɵÿֻܿĴޱ˴˼Ѻõģǵˡ
뵽ˣлɿȸʯʯͬǱӡħޣ̬ȣ


302  ӥ֮䡾
ȴȸʯʯͼһ˿˿Ĺһʯƺע
ֻЩͬǣȸʯϷһ˿ûɱһеζ͵ģ˵صɱ¾Ϣ嵭࣬ʯͷųһʹؼ鶯ϢȻŨ˺ܶ౶
Ƕʥû˿Ĺ
𣡡
ŭ׻Х
ð׻ֳ̬Զʤǰ͸µٶȻˣǿǿҡ
леһΨҶĿ
·κθǰߣҪܵĴǺųĴ֮׵ҲҪ
һХ
ɫâ̴ް׻ͼɢ³ĹɱҰɫת򣬺ͼ
𣡡
Ƿŭ֮
ˢ
һɲǼ䣬ʯϳȥް׻ȸȸ޷ӰҲɵĹ߿ա
жʱչһ
޷ȸһԷһ˻Ĵʯֹǽƻ

лĿɿڴиȭʱеʥͻأĲ
žͿް׻ķѹ
ֻգۼ䣬ͱް׻ķһצӸɢˣɫĹâ»عʯ档
лݳһ˿Ц⡣
ҲûȤȻҪûٵް׻ʥ飬ȴҲҪһ£Ĵ޶սĴڣȴǱӡģ򵥵˵ʵ±սҪǿαзӡ֮˵
ȻˣôѾӡް׻ʥ̺ôǲģʥǰ׻ս˵η˵·
Ӱɢǰ׻ȴġ
һȥ
䣡
׻شɫĹ㡣
ȻʱɫĹӰɢ֮һһС͵Ӱ汻ֱл
𣡡
׻ڸ߿
ʱл͸еһȵǱް׻ӡڣнõĽӥ޻壬Լһ״СĽӥӰȥ
˻
ӥ޻Ծϲ
޻߿ײ

ȴײһ˲䣬׻һӰûӥ޻ʵ˲䱩һӾͽ֮һˡ
ӥ޻õ֮һʱʵ׳ңͨͬʵһ㡣
˻
𣡡
ȸǿƥİ׻Ҳ¶˲ĵı飬ǿлеʥ飬޷ܲԸķ֮һȫ͸ӥ޻ˡ
»عʯ档
Ľӥ޻Ҳ֮׳״Сĳ̶ȣͨʣȼգܷ·һ޵ĽɫԲȦγɣ·һհ㡣
𣡡
׻һ
лܸо׻˥˼㣬ϣ׻Ҳ֮һӥ޻ڣҲ»ع׻ʯ档
ƶ˲ָ
ֻǽӥ޻ȴ˾˵ĵزͨɢųȵĹâ߿ջһȦ֮Ȼһлڡ
һ˿˿ȵ
леؿڴĲæһͼؿһͼʯĴ޵ӣֻǱ˽ӥ
ӥȻͦأ߰ͷ­ΧǳȼյĽͣͼǳı档
лƵǣȻͽӥ޻ʧȥϵ
Ҳ˵ڿʼʧȥ˽ӥ޻ԺֻԼʵʵս
лŬȫ޽
ɵһЦԭΪʧȥ׺磬׻͸ӥ޻ģڿӥ޻Ӧñް׻ãŽӥͼȻɫ񵤵λϣл͸е׻ӦΪɫ񵤷һöصӡ
Ϊͬлһް׻ɫҲǽ䱸ĺܡ
Ȼн䱸ȻҪһˡ
ӥ޻Ȼãް׻ĹϵȻ֪Ĵ޷ӥ޻Աʵĸı䣬ǿȥô򵥵ġ
޷ӥ޻лҲ̫ģ޷Ǿû취ڶʱѣҪȥսǲлǬ֮ԴսǾһ£ͬˣǿԶýӥлҲʹõġ
ֻڴ֮ǰ޵۹ܵľƣ֪Ǻãǻ˭Ҳò׼


303  Ȼһ
лʥҲȥ̫Ĺעӥı仯ڵɫʲôҲ޼£Ψдﵽ൱ĸ߶ȣſԼһеġ
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лʱĸлǬĽͷ㣬һ˹֪ڶҰģΨ֪֮ĻϣӵҰģŲܱҰ־߱Ұɱĵز
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ʱúܿ졣
лٶȴʱеԼĶԵ˼֣Ҫٺܶࡣ
ģȴһлɱϢ
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˭֪ĹգκϹż嶼ѡͻû뵽Ȼˡ
ô£лͳ
סлƣԼοлŭСħָĶ̫˰ɣҲ֪ʵ⣬ϹŴ嶼Ҫͻģעε޸ĶУռһǳµλãô˵ؼˣȻΪؼҳҲԵʣһȴƵŤתƣγƽơ
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лһ룬ҲˣҪɱĻƺĲѣϾʵֻ̫ͣɷλһʺ缶ܹɱ
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ȥл뵽Сħˣļǵģ֪żûãȴƲסԼ顣
лżӣ죬Ҫˣ˽𣿡
ȻлԥĻش
ȥɡʱ¶һĨ˵Цݣٵһ£ٵ˵̻Ի;¥ʱҾ֪Ҷ㶯ˡ˵꣬ٵˣһõıӰ
л
û뵽ʱģһ£ƺʱ棬ǱģлΪӵڽ磬ֻʱֻǽˣδϸ룬ƺǴǸʱʼĿ𽥸ıģڴ½ܾϵı֣Ŀ
л˦˦ͷ߳ֱӷ߿գؼҶȥ
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䱸ɭϵؼҸһлû˳
Сħлƿķ䣬첽˽ȥ
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˫л䣬˫§Ĳͬצ㣬ʮĹлϡ
ħҲΪԼˡлĻС
л˫ĽΡ
˵ĹϵչһжôȻûνĸףûʲôᣬôȻһ
˭Ҳûпȥʲô
ľͺȻһ𣬷·ǵһμʱĬ㡣
ԣûˡлһĽΣ˵ˣҿ
΢ĵҲûʲôˣֻǵʱͦµģ˻Ǻݰһͱ˹ҪǴܼҲıңѾɱˣǴؼȴࡣ
ܼҾԾĸ״Ҵģ˵ؼĹԾϲüʱҲֻôܼϵģɴ˿ɼܼҶõĿɼΡ
ˣû¾ͺáлһôǶ֮ȻǺܼɵģԾ̽Ҳ˵ֻǸһξȣǴѹڻԾĴҲ̽Ŀģܼҵ飬һ̽ģӦа취ġ
šһ漴¶ЦݣôһƣҪñ֪ˣ˵᲻Դף
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ʹһȴлĻݺݵļһ£޲üлȥ˼Ҳǵô˵˼Һͱ趼ǺĽð
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üҪһǴܼңʱʵſлĻУԴܼҸû˿ܼңôˣ
ܼһ˰̣ʣ˵ģƣûʲôֻǴŴˣˣ


304  Ȼ
һԾи֮ˣȻϳ֮ǴܼҾȻ˵ļ𾪣ŵı飬л˵ͷһ
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ܼһ˵屻ˣ
ʲô
һ仰лͬʱ
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ζŵѾˣ˵Ѫϴˣش֮ģԵʲôɵأ£ܽ
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Ҫ֪Ȼ͵ǵǷǳµģȴЩϹŴ壬ܹǿļ廹ûмͼ޵۹޵۹Ĵ嵥һҲ޷忹ġ
һ壬Ȼ̼
ʲôʱ飿лʵ
ڸղšܼеĺȻδʧСʱǰ廹ͻȻ֮䣬ô峹׵ˣе֣һصʮֶûκη֮ȫɱһ档
лԾĵȷʮ֣
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лԺһʵ֮˵Ƿǵ壿
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ĿҲη;֣ʵǵҲģ̫ˡ
˶뵽һԡ
ߴϹŴƨƵһͻ۴ʱֻǻɣˣߴϹŴ峤ƨô򵥣ĵǵôһǿĳ̬
С㣬ǰе£еһѹæǸ֮󣬴˵һ뿪ˡ
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λ˼Ϊ㶯ŭˡʢȻǸ˵ģؼҡ޻ҽϣӦòڵģ˭֪嶼˾˵Ƿƣ˷壬ֱһӴǿƱޱȣϾһ廹ԵֿĹ
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лɫصĵû´ĻӦóֹһЩףЩǻٵĹؼ
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лһƽϢһ·ڵ飬֪˭ˣ


305  Ȼ
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ʢص¹Ŷһۣ¶һ˿Ծı飬ǿǴû͸¶˵ݣ֪ߣҲߴϹż峤Ҳֻ֪һƤëѣȻµ˵ݵġ
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лָǰ棬۵屻壬ɼͬһ㣬ҲսߵľҲδ֪ܹߴϹŴ嶼ҪĵͷˣΪֹֻһˣһڻһ˿жϲĻӦǻ׵ǿ֪ƿﵽز֮ˣƺҲֻһˣСħ˾⼸죬ܹϳһĴҪ֪˭Сħֵģڵ۶ڣſӦҶ϶һֱСħǸ˾ǡлʦ
ʦԾ
ʢҲ֤һ£ƶһû߾ǸлʦҲĵ죬ͻȻؼңָҪİȫҽ֪ͨߴϹŴ壬ߴϹŴһµĵ
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ȷܲ⣬ΪԴ¿ʼûк͸лʦй̫ĽӴһ굱нӴΣҲ˵仰ѣΪлʦĳǱʶϣʦܹĶ
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˵֮ʢһ˻˶û
лȴﷺˡ
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Ҫ֪ɫ񵤿ߴϹŴͷһŵı̶ܳȣδļ̳̺Ҳ޷֪ġ
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лԺл֮ǰлʦӴһй̣ǵһΣ̵Ľܣʱ̶Ըлʦͷǳ𾴡
лʦβ֣޵۹ľҲɴ˵춨˻ɣлҲǰķ棬޸пĵ
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ҰҲֻһԵöѣлʦɺãһ֣һ塣
ԭ֣ôµһҲûз֮ˣϹŴĲ֣Ȼ̫ʵϹߴ֮ĲڼϹżĲִ½ģǱͲ
עҪܱˡʢЦҲû뵽ת֮죬ҶԸ˹ʶ˺ܻܿȫҺ޼һֵģȻֲ൱޶ȵġ
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ʣϹŴ
ȥǣҪǲźáлԴ˵Ӷ֮Ѿסлҡ
ľӶ֮ʮ֣ŵϺŵģһʮܾ䣬˵һ˵͹ģϹŴ壬ϾҺ޼ҿɲߴϹŴǰ
лӣʢֻһЦδԣҲл󳬼ǿԮסϢˡ
ԶԣǸлʦΪԵʽչ˵Ļƺʮ֣һ׼ʮֵлҵ˾ܹؼҸģľ
۴ʱ䣬ľһָ
ľжжйʮħޣ治ö֪ҪƼˣʲô
Сħȥݷôʦл
Ӧ˹ȥ
Ѿͷֱ˵ʢЩԴ׵ĵҵĻûôʹĴӦ
ϰ߾ͺáص¹Ц
ؼȨһۣҡͷЦ
ллʦڵıڣõĴǣʦеĻǰأһαչˣʱҲˣһ¡
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Ҳ֤˵ȷǸлʦģ


306  ѡˡһ
̻Ի;¥ھŲл塢ԼϰڷζʣֻǼ˵ɫͬ
Ƿŵÿԣ
üһ˿˼ӣл˶ЦݣԺ˵Ц
ѾǾʮˡ
ŵ޵۶ոݵ̼ˣĲһգ˸ռݾҪְĳԱѡͶ壬ȫ⵽ϴ˵ٶŬˣ׵ı߽⡣
ЦôǲϲŮˣл٩Ķ˵
ԣЩõӵºݺݵлһѣƺ˵Ůڳע㡣
ȻûĻںл˵ʲôһЩЦżġ
ҵЩѾȫоˡЦݺܲã˷ܣһ˼·ܹĻܻһð
Ŷ
лʱ
е㵣ģȥһۣսȻͣؼһҪ洳ԼһƬյǷյӰ죬ϾлܹһɳеģΪֹƺֻͱˣһڸлʦչˣδ˭Ҳ˵սֶ츳ϴʽ֮󣬱ȻҲΪһٮٮߣɺȣƺǲôһЩɴ࣬ṩǿĶȴܶһġ
ɰգлʵ
ָ߳ɣ
У̫٣лֵҲҪųɣ
߳ѾˣҪ֪ƣҲĳɵİնѡ巭۵
߶л˵Ȼͬ
лһҰؼҶоһΣʱмɰգ
ؼҶ󣿡忴
ħ˵㣬үӶԴħĻƴӵġ˫ͺģ˺һȣôԶֵŮ
ЩԾĿл
Щ飬ҲûбҪˣҲ֪ǻҵְ֧ɣлЦ
ͻȻڵһǰҸ״ϢѾصңȫͳһҵ˼룬ȷҽ֧㣬Ϣܿͻᴫġ
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лһֱҵԼ֧ߣǲǻ˼ᶨ̬ȣϾ̻峤峤̳ˣΪߴϹŴ֮һ˿Ҳи
˵Ӵļ壬ڱȻڶģһ֣ҪϼγͳһҲûʮİա
û˷ԣлʵ
Ȼ˷ԡЦǻһҳ֮⣬һһ˿ѷ̣δƿʱڵĴϲѡ߾Ϊ׵һ˴ƺܼңΪ֧㣬Ҹ׶ȥźˣܹͳһ˼룬ԼıһԵ˱ˣǾ㾹Ȼֻһˣ޵۹ڶ˵ȻƾԼʵɱ˹أһ㣬λδĴ϶ƿˡ
лЦ𣿡
ȻҪ֪ߴϹżʲô飬ֻһǾǿ𣡡˫ĿҲһ˿ȵĹâл㲻дģʮģȴڶ̶ﵽ˵ȵزѾɫ񵤴İǾ˵㱾츳֮ϣﵽսʼ
ԭ
ǿлٴĸ֡
ڶʮǰǿʢһʱĵ屻ϹŴ嶼ҪΪ֮𶯣Ϊʲô
Ǿǿĺ塣
лʦ̫ǿ˸ҲҪ֡
лǿȴ͸¶˸ΪֲǱǱһڳǸ˶֪Ǿ֮ϵǿڡ
ҺǻҪľлɳ֮ǰѩ̿İлδŻ൱棬ǵã˼Ҳġ
ȷֵ֧Ļҵľ͸ˡлҲеһ󼤵֪ⶼǸޱȹذ۰̽
һЦٶԡ
յõϢʱھϲ֮࣬Ҳ̶лĺøУƺԶǱô򵥡
ǵĽ̸û˵һ仰
˲˼ڳ˵ش飬ǶΡ
ҲˣҺǻߴϹż֮һ֧ҾΪӵɫ񵤣ɫ񵤿ҳΪսʣлҲûһЩɫ񵤺սʵ򵥵˵˳˵ҺСħĹϵԶ׼עؼҿ϶վҵģҵһЩеõģһЩ㿪ţҲû̫Ѷȡ


307  ѡˡ
л˵ŸеεȵĹе㾮֮ܵĸоͬĸоڶĴ죬ܴƣǱлöԿ˽ɶ£ǣմմϲһЩԴԵãһ룬ŻȻһ
ƹȻǿþһںϡ
֮ôӴ󣬲Ƿƶôл׺ǿĶ
û׺磬ķƶƺҲһ㡣
Ϊ˴ͶǽһģΪ˴и˴ĶḶ́ӶĴһЩΪ˴ķҲһࡣ
лĻʹ˵ĳ
ܿһЩؼҶڵĶоųϵİմʺϵĶЦ
ĻҲһ̬ȡ
һš
Ǿͺáлһ
˫ĿЩĿеĶǼƷ·޷ƵΣлһЦѹ峤˵崴춷ķʽЩ࣬ÿÿ鼤ʱһЩ
лҲ˵
һ巢ˣСγǸ㣬õ˴˴ѡ˵ֹܲ۰
˭лʵ
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ǰĴؼ磬츳ߵ˵пѾ߾ıԵˣͻƣֻδ˵ȥ
ءлɫȻ
˵еˣŮʵϹŴбȽϵĻȥߴϹŴ⣬ܽңҡ޼ҵϹŴҪǿһ
ǿһ˵ǿ൱ǧ꣬ǧۣܱͨȵġ
򵥵˵Ů˵ٮٮߣܱߴϹŴ֮ĸһЩ
û˵塣лʵ˵
֪ˣرҵһϡЦ˵漴ĵȷǿҹؼǣصĿǰ֪һ˵Ǻܿڴ½溣ģפصĵӴ޷ҵǣʶ֪Ҳ޵ĺܡƷһξ˵̽鱨ֻŮӵŮ֮ӵеǼ⡣
⣿
л΢΢һͫ
ǣشǳڲͬͫǿһˣ£˵ƳһзǼѵģӲǽͫתΪǵʹãҪﵽ̵ȥͫ
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ܲһͫ˼ת˵ﵽͫеļ⼸Ҳ𾪵ġ
ȷʵмɰգʵ
лҡҡͷĲ˵жٰˣʵǶԷһһǿᣬܲСĽοԶԷ֪١
⻰ǧǰ˵Ȼ϶ᵣġѵɾδķŮ巽ʤҲˣͲˣ˵Ǵ½һ飬ǿ϶֪һģʱ򣬲ƴŹ֡
⵹鷳ˡлٺЦ
ЦգգۣûĵΪ׵ˣûĸϰ
лĵл
ƽ˵֣ȴ͸һŷƣǾǰһ˾ʱսĥѲŻȻγɵġ
ҲҪС¡嶣ɹϵ£˵ô½һˣɻע㣬˸ȥˡ
أлգѿ˵
ʱθǣҶĵ˵Ůǰĸаݣһ˰ҲãŮĳ壬ɻòҪĶ˰ɣ
лЦǷΪԴأ
УԴףǲԴˡƲƲ죬ǲмĵĩᣬּһ䣬Ϊ衢ǵģǿǺýá
лͷţף֮򣬲
ֺݺݵлһѣŤͷȥʱǷȻһ̧ͷʲôʱȥؼҶѾһЩ뷨ˣҪĶʵ
ϡлһɴϲ
ϴӽ̻Ի;¥ؼң˭֪ճţǰ鷳ģֱָл


308  ѡˡ
̻Ի;¥⣬һȺһſſڸסÿһ˶ǵ˫֣΢΢ͷһ첻µزµӣȫûн̻Ի;¥޴ҵķҲѹˣлһ۾Ϳˣ⼸治򵥡
оҵ޼ҵ޷ű
ϹŴĸ֡
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վм俿ӣŶʮӣƽעߣңһվͺһ¥һ㣬סһƬ˵ĿͶȥǵ屳֧ߣϹŴ޼ҵǸ󣬸Եıǲμӹ½ܾ޷ű
м俿ҵӸ⣬ĳǾͬϣߣҲҲһҵߣȴٶֺ֪ųͣҷԴأͷƵԴνǴݲ۾ϵķһ϶ҵ쳯ѷԱ߸ŵ
ʮˣһ룬¥ڸסˣŰľٶȻ˵Ŀ⡣
С㣬лģÿǸ󵭵ĵߴϹŴ̬ʻΪҵ޼ҺңȻҳ෴̬ȵǻûյ𾴡
˲ҪŮ˱ӻ¡쳯ѷǸɴֱ࣬ӾǼ
лݳһ˿Ц⡣
ɲԼߵʱЩ˻Ҷ֣˵Ůʵһ˺ɨǡ
ܣ֪˭һΪּ壬޼ɵŵúܡ
ƫƫ˸˵ʲô
Ǹ󵭵ĵС㣬ֻһ飬ȴ㵨ûУҪС棬˵ʧ֮
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лֻǸ㣬Ǹ쳯ѷҲμѡ˵ľϣʱ㲻ҪʧǸ˵ƺı
Ļ£ʱͿҵ˶¶ֻı顣
лҲһü
ô޼ҺҲҪμӣɲʲô飬˵Ǻ͵塢ߵúܽ޻пƣǶԼ̬Ⱦ֪˷μӵĿģ޷űμӹ½ܾĸ־ȻֻǴ֣ҿǵļƣƺǸ쳯ѷ𾴣Ǿ˵˾֮˵ϹŴѭһ򡭡ǿ
ϹŴڣܵģΨǿܵ𾴣Ǹ쳯ѷȻǵõ˵𾴡
½ܾϣһʤҲߵյˡ쳯ѷЦеĵϵķҲһĶȴ͸һвζȻȷлɱ˵ġ
ϲ⣬ʵ᲻Ȥлĵ
쳯ѷʱðɡ
ļɻ䡣
ŭлѾȥŮǰֱվңƸСں棬ಽ
ŭ쳯ѷְڽϣʱ͸еһɺӺð
壬ҲҶ֣ΨСħĺųƵһҶͻˣǿûг֣䳰ȷлһŮ˻ĵС
лƲƲ죬ǷС˵ġ
ƣлûȤǣҲҪμѡʱϼ±ˡ
˾ʹм߹ȥ
˵ɫ쳣ѿΨпϲ֮һǼлڴ뼲˹ԾʱӣǼǺģۼ쳯ѷŭﶼ쳯ѷôл
˲֪쳯ѷĺһϵӵץһɽڣеĹͷȴȥҹŸɵġ
лȻ쳯ѷ쳯ѷļɻ䣬쳯ѷС۾˸ķŭ⣬󼸺ҪЦˡ
ӽ̻Ի;¥ؼҡ
лֱӴݼؼ峤ʢ붷˵һ¡
һ㣬ʢһֱڿǣԭǵص¹ŻҶ˵лԵʣ֣Ҫҳ׷еĸңҪһЩ̬ģûκ
лʹؼҶ
Ҳû뿪ؼҶڷһЩֻܹ۵ĶѾҵˡ
ȭ޶ֶ˶ټںϣΪʮֶˣǶҲδرۣշᣬؼҳǰ֪
лʦˣ


309  顾һ
ٴμлʦл޷ǰƽˣּ޷ġ
лʦֻܹ壬ܹߴϹŴɵ־壬ⲻлһֱ𣬳Ϊǿµһ֣ӵкɨһеʵлʦչһ
ʦлĵ
ֻилʦؼҵʢص¹ţԼڣȻǸлʦϣ֪һЩʲô顣
ˣּˡлʦЦǺǵĵ
лΪмʦΪҴ
һ͵ɴ
κ˵ǿıΨʮܹ࿹ĳε֮ѡ
ڰ֣лʦЦǡǡ෴ӦҸл㡣
лһ£лң
ɵҶһЩлʦ
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Ըлʦʵ쳣ѵģܹһЩȻǶһһġ
ʦҲҪе
лʦЦԸ⣬ұΪӣһЩ
л
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ӣƺе㲻̫ԸлһѣΣϹŴ̬ȣ֪лʦĿ̶ֲȣȻԸ˵ȥȫ½˶Ҫץˡ
ͬʱлҲˣлʦΪʲôҪָȻ϶ӡ
ڲҪʦܷΪҵĵӣҪܲܰﵽ㡣лʦһл
лָԼıӣң
ԣܰȡˮ飬ɳΪҵĵӡлʦ
ˮ飡
л֣̾뵽ɫΧöӣһ飬һ顣
֣֪һϵеĶ
ӵˮ飬ɳΪлʦĵӣˮ顢顢鵽ʲô˼
лͷһɻ
Сħģһõˮġлʮ㣬ǰѾõ飬Ȼ֪ˮֶֻɫ񵤿Զȡġ
ãˮŮڣڱȥлʦץסл˵ļͷ΢΢һΣ뿪ؼҡ
лֻеǰһûַĸоǰĳ͸еһѣΡ
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лͷЦʹʦȥŮ¥ԵȣҺܿͽˮȡ
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л۵һ̤㵽Ůλãڰ֣ûŮڡ
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ˣܹŮˮлͨһɫˮɵ³߰׵ʱϾˮȻзȥļơ
ѾγˮлоϾˮı仯ɵøеһȻó˰ȭ״ϡ
ʥҲС
żǱ
лڿڴԼ˰׵ĵطŮףȻһС˸ŵİɫСˮš
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ҲѹϾˮ˱ˡ
Ͼˮɵ


310  顾
Ͼˮ궯ӣлȻʧЦ
һް׻Լ˵Ļл̾һް׻׺磬ǾζԺ޷ٵõס硢ˮȻӵϾˮϾˮһɳбȻĿƣҲ˵һټ
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лΧϴεõ飬ҲɫӦģھȻû˿ķӦ
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л㿪ʼŮײѰҲûˮ飬ȴҵŮˮԴأǵˮ
Улʱоɫ񵤿ʼˡ
ϡ
ˮȻ
л׿һԾڽ׶εˮٵǰȥȡˮں֮ǰ

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һöϡơɫСԲǰɢɫǱɫ񵤵ıĿ
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ɫɫɫɫɫɫɫɫ񵤵ɫɫɫһģһ̬
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ȻҲɫ֮뺫֡
֣ɫ֮ϵҡ
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ףɫ˾Եã˭ܹʤȡɫ֮ĳɾ͡
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죬죬ĺðλذǿˡлЦĵ
䶯ǰȫ棬ӵİԵ
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֣һ硣
֣ɫ񵤵ˣǱ˴֮ľζȻ͸ǿʢ˼˾ߴеĳԱõߴȫ࣬лҲ֪ΪԲġ
൱˵˭ǿ˭
Ҫˮ飡֣һھֱ⡣
䶯ЦǺǵĵҲҪ
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Ƕ֮ʣŮҲ˾˵ı仯
ԭƽŮͻȻӿһˮˣЩδ˵ķذߡ
ˮԽԽѸҺܹ졣
ˮ˳ַһӶģһϲģһģˮ˻һ֮󣬱Ȼһ졣
ŵ
ϡơΪһ壬ΪһӰȻл
ࡢڻΪһ壬γһӰ֣졣
졢סϳһ壬һӰ䶯졣
ȴȫȻ֪˱仯Ůɱγɵ˵Ӱȴһˣؼ䣬ɢƵʮѹ˶סĺˡ


311  顾
ɫ񵤹öõȫŮײ˭û뵽飬л䶯졢֣Ҳû뵽
ͬǣлĴڣǶѾ֪
䶯֣ˣȴ˭Ҳ֪ԷĴڣлˬǽǣ˵ȫվ棬ȴվڰʲô˼Ҷ֪˼ҵĵϸȴ֪飬ϾѾռ˾Եơ

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л֣죬ͬʱ˫ĿһɭĹ⺮Ľɴ󶷼
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Улʩչġ£ǣѪħĪ˹ʩչġħ䡱ڽɶС
⡰ԶŵٻطɱȣȴҪһЩ
ɶûʲô˭֪䶯ʩչһԿнɶеǰ
ΪɶǾζɱ޷ĳ̬ġ
񡰹£ǣһӶʮ˵֪µĽɶεĿֲ
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֣ҲƯĿͬϬ˫ִĴָСβֱָָڿпٵĵ㶯ţһâָȥǰгһĹ⻷
⻷ڣİħǺ˻ݳȥһħĿ˻·֣˫˺һ϶һԽĵͨ
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лΪ֮̾
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޼ƿʩԼ䶯ǿᣬ˵лУѾԴơ
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316  
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317  衾һ
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318  衾
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319  衾
˵֮ǰδıлʧĻôھǷŭˣδ뵽δȻѡң˸ɴѡ񣬲ûнԼϻʼҵĶ鵱һ£ɺ޵ǲԼѡ񣬾Ȼ˻øǿʲô˼ǿӶҵ֧֡
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һڸ߸ϵˣһסĺ֪ܣҲƴΪġ̾һջҲã滰ҲգδѾѡ˺Һ׼Ů֣Ϊ޵۹δŮʡ
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δɺͳ£
лһЦȻվ˿û˵ѹֿ˼
δ״ɿЦһֱѡƽԴҵлʱѡһݣߴϹŴе֧֣Ӵ޻ˡ


320  衾ġ
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321  ˭桾һ
ĳ֣˵̼˵ĺսԣ˵ڴ½һǰֵлˣһֱֶܵ͵ҲԾԾԡ
쳯ѷǸ֮Ŀ¶ɫ֮ɫ
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쳯ѷüЦĵȻˣһһ죬ô
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쳯ѷǸ֣֧ҹħ֮ͫײʱ΢΢ҡΡ
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Ϳһ׾ҵľ屴³˲䱩׵ĸ߶ȣ׳ĳ޽ɨһ
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쳯ѷǸˣʵȴû뵽³ͺ˹սԣϵ޷죬һ㴭ϢĻᣬֱӱ󵹷ɳȥʮ׵ľ롣
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屴³Ϳ賬޽ҹħ˹趯ŴҲȥ
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졣
Ĵֱײһ
һֱûüϢ쳯ѷǸˣֱӱ屴³ͺҹħ˹Ƶɽ׵ľ롣

춯Ϳгһ޴Ĺ֣˴ǹ
ֱǴ˷սķΧ
뿪ζű֣߳һͨС˳֣ʾġ
ստʼ˳֡
Ҿ屴³ͺҹħ˹ֵģȫ쳯ѷǸȻʵβʧ󣬴ͷβɵûӳͳˣƵҪ
ле㾪ȵĿ屴³ͺҹħ˹ǾȻˣΪʲôҪ֡


322  ˭桾
΢һ˿죬лôһǿ̷͵Ľ˫к˸ǹǹǹ˸ɭĺ⣬ȻһԳʥı
ǿһ㵽лǰǹ̳ǹǰȿԷֿԸǹ
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324  ػޡһ
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ݣδЦڶνʵûʲôøУΪҪĸŮ˸ҰΪ֪ǶԵģƫƫȥ֣ݻôء
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˵ǿ֣֮ȴûʮİսʤ֣ǿҲֻΪûػ޶ѣɾ֪ʹʥҪػ»֣˭ãȷʶⷽȾĲȷοһδ̬ĺңƱòܡδ˵Щҿؼġ
δЦ˵ɫ񵤣
˵ͷδûӦ֪һʽ̳֮λͻʸһµһιɫ񵤵ֻһ仰ȴı½ƣֻһȫ½
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˵ģǾͱ֧лһлʹƣҲǺܱģںܿ⵽ǿĴһȷ֧֣ôļǡδεĵҾ;֣ϵǺлԣ֧֣˾սҲܹܵı۹
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326  ػޡ
ݾŵʣ˵ĻζлǳǳһЦŤ޶˵ӰͬһʢѤĵʢؼ䣬ΪһĨ˵Ĵɫʧȥɫ
Ҽǻ۵ŮӡлĴˣǼʸһĶģĵѡ
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ǰҾǳԴˡѹлϣĵ͸޵Ĵ飬Ȼ磬ȴǵһԼģ֪ˣӦøԴ׵ġ
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ûһԣӷķǰеޡлЦǺǵĵֽɱ仯׹ǰĿǰĽӥ޻ͼ档
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327  ѡһ
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˵ߴϹŴеٻػлʵ
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һ˵лҲͬġ
ӵػĴĸ֮ͬأʶԿĻҵĴҪռһƣҪѷɫ
Ĵ޵ػлʵеڣûѯް׻ⷽ飬˵Ҳѹ֣ʱû뵽Ĵ޵ػĴ޶ǱӡģıĿҲسδƽ˼һЩ⡣
Цһż޿ۻߵһλʦλʦȴְͨҵǱĵپʮҳϸļأǹĴ޵ػĴػͼӥػͼһ޶ֻǱ׻ȸӣоҲһβĴ޿ܲǵı壬Ǳӡģǲ֪ǲġ
ģлЩȣĴǱӡģǵı壬Ȼ˸ƶϳˣôƶϵġ
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лûģް׻ԸҵģѾ߱ӡóް׻һöʥ飬ް׻Ҫҽõʹʥʯ棬ͿԻָ塣
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ʦеսߣܹĴ޵Ҫ֪Ȼûɣл֪Ĵ޵ӵеƴĽ׻ȻǿǾֻ˵׻ǱӡģҲǼӵ֤һ㡣
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328  ѡ
ӥͼ˸˸Ź⡣
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ް׻ƣӥ޻긽ϣֻȼ֪ǲĲǡ
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޷ֹлʦ¶һ˿Ū֮ɫʹʥΨʮ֮˷ܽ룬ߣңҲ޷УοĴʹʥصĵطֻҪ㵽ǸطԻǣĴ޽ӡѾ޷תˡ
һлŷġ
лʦ˵Ĵ޽ӡôεʹʥҲζĴ޵ػҡҡҡ֣ĴбȥǽӵػʹʥڽµµػҲӦˣػһ˵ҪԣȻȺľ棬ӵнӥػռоԵƣǰĽӥػѣΨѣܹȡĴػػ֧Ĵ塣
ʦָ㡣лϲ
ʹʥǰĴӵеĴػȫµػҲǣĴ޷ӡˣǵػȻҲҪع鱾壬µµˡ
ϽӥɫԼӵɫ񵤣ҪýӥػѣҪлʦ˵ֱľϻྦྷʯɲݣȻǾǿģǷĴڣҲ˵ͲҪ̫ˡ
סлͷ
лʦ˵δĴڣƴڵĿԲ
лʦȥսǣľϻྦྷʯһԺɽɲӦʹʥС
սӵľ
лɴϲ׼ȥսǣ⵹ǲÿȥѰˣϻྦྷʯȻںɽľ֪ʶ˵Ӧܹ֪ɲʹʥҲȥѰҡ
Ӧò̫ѵõ
žžž
УͿŮѾСħһ޶ݶʶȣʱŮ㿪ʼѷ졣
Ӱ֡
ž
Ů񳹵׵ѡ
СħٿȻ˫ĿʱһɳˮϢųЯһ˿ϵѹ
ħƳлɵôϲ˹ȥ
ֽоɢ崿ϢлһǸոճŮζȻôһ˿嶯
õŮоΰлЦ
Ȼܺ˷ܵصŮǵڶʮߴŮʼսģǵڶʮ˴Ůˣٺ٣ȵеŮʱҾͿԳΪսǿˡ
üļĺˮͼлЦҪŬճΪսŶʱҿҪ
ظû⣡
˶Цˡ
лʦСѾͷ㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣҪ̳ŮУûô򵥡
̫ɣеµõڵ͵ӵг׿츳ȴǳ֣ˣ侳綼лͶ١
лСħҪʧŶ
ȻˣʲôʱʧҿСħлô˵ͦţʮĵ
лʦЦҡҡͷڻһСħлĻҲûаһֱޡ
̸һлǸǣ뿪ӭͿ˹ȴǾҹħڽ̻Ի;¥Ѿˡ
л屴³ͺҹħ˹˵Ҫ֮ڶ죬ڽ̻Ի;¥ҸΪʲôԭɡ


329  ѡ
̻Ի;¥лͿʮҹħĸ֣б³ͺ˹С
лϽǸ
֮˵ȷе㲻ʹ죬ϾǶеĳϣմȨ֣˵лǴӸлʦģ֮˵ŭʱʧӰ٣ȫ½ǴǸ˾Ǹлʦ
ڱ³ͺ˹Ľ£лҲʶЩˣΪ׵ĶǾҹħĴϣǵ峤
Ͽ˹ȿڵл٣С㱳λ˿Ǹлʦ
ǡлҲûҪˣڴʦѾСħΪӣԽ̵ò˼꣬СħӦûΪսɡ
ս
вƲסȣͺ
лο϶ҹħʲʵ
֮ǰʦ˵ġлû˵̳ŮУ΢ıһ£˵ĻǸлʦ˵ģ˵ʵǸлʦܹߴϹŴ£ֻܹһ壬ʹ̫ǿˡ
λϱ˴˶һۣ΢΢һͷ
˹лٿ֪лʦʲô𣿡
лҡҡͷ֪
Ҳֻ̫֪лʦƺܲ򵥣ǰߴϹŴεΣǸлʦһȱȵġ˹˵
Ŷ£лȵ
״˵
лʦһҲ˵ÿһилʦĴڣƺڳΪһĸлʦĴһ
ǰ½塢塢۹һЩʥ̽սڣʱ˵ʱһСֵʦڣн½ѳɼļ󣬹ؼʱ̣˺ճзʵǿ֧ߴϹŴĳƶ½򣬶ߴϹŴʱʮںϣ˾˵Ǹлʦ档˹˵
ߴϹŴγɵġ
л΢΢ͷӸлʦҪΪӣܹóƺڴһݣǵУϾˮԣлʦǻԣ޷еġ
ߴϹŴǿ֮ǧ֮Ǳ㿪ʼвǵϴ˹˵У塢ҹħ塢Ů塢ԭڵʱѾģǿģ⵽ҡҡ֣ҡĸֹѪϴķʽĴҹħɽľ棬űŮ뿪½֮ϣŵԹӲд
˵ţлҲֱˡ
µ뷨
Ĵ䡢֣ĴѻĳޣģĴ壬Ϊˡ˹˵ֻֽŮ嵱Ϊ֣µɣֻżɳһ޷⼴Ĵ½籩в֣ǾҹħκεԼĿᶨؿлǳҲãľǰĶҲգ塢ҹħ嶼лٵļᶨ֧ߣ
лļѣλܷ壿
ȻǴУǷ峤֮ҹħʲ˵
ãҲ˵ʲôջлƱлڴ˷ģ֮꣬Ҫλһ̤۷壡
Ͽ˹лٿ֪ߴϹŴУ֧ҺǼģĳҲעҪ𲽽׶α䶯졢֣ѷɫܶ࣬мְȡʤ
ڿˡ
лЦڶλ˵УߴϹŴ֧Ҫӵɫ֮˵ĳɳҪ
ǰߴϹŴֵ֧ǿҪɫ֮ʵɳҪ˹䲻֪ɫ񵤵׶ЩȴһﵽսʼӦܹӵиıսֵлʵҡǼҲߴϹŴģ享֣ļɳ𣿡
һ˵ǴģڶȴǲҳɳȻǻңڣο䶯֣ѵһܹɳѵͲܱɱʵ˵ľһġлȻһЦ
лٲ˹ʲͬʱһ
лЦȻ䶯֣ᱦʱձҴˡô˵ҲΪĿʮսƾۣǧֻءţ´ټǣٰ˳ɵİջǡ
Ľ̸롣
λ׳һ⣬лԼĴ𰸣ʮ̵ֿ⣬ҲԼļ⣬һЩλ϶ޣǼʶлǻ۵һ档
ΪͼϹŴгޣעֻ֧л壬ҲϿл
ҹħͬʱʾ֧л


330  Σһ
ҹħȷʾ֧֣лΪϲϾʵţǵʵֻ൱ǧҵϹŴ壬޷ߴϹŴȣǵĵȴʵۺ
⵽ҵĴѪϴӦܹҵϹŴ࿹ģѷɫҲ̫ģڵľӾϿ˹ҹħʲյ¶Ŀڷп֪ǵ֪ô򵥡
Ϊֵ֧һ̬ȣóһ
ҹħȱµһö鵤ҹħʲóһöɢŵĻɫĵҩ˵Ϊϴ鵤Чúܴ󣬶л˵ӦΪһá
лЦҾͲˡ
ȻǺٶԵαˡ
л㽫ϴ鵤˹ȥֻУеһ˿леͷԸӵѡ
˵˵ǵһҩģڸıһ˵ʷŷǷãҹħʷǿһǷô˵֮󣬲Ŵ˻ҹħʲЦǺǵ˵лĳȵһλ
ҹħʷȴһλĴڡ
˼ݴʱνһʱĳ׿ڣΪǴŴﵽսʢʱڣƾһһȻսҡҡҡ֣Ĵ嵱ʱǿĸ֣һٻʤĴĸڻصԼļ֮ûã׷ױжӦǱλɱɡ
Ҳɴ˺䶯½ҹħָǴʱʼһγΪ˶Ҫעǿ塣
еˡл
ֻҪлһ֮ҹħ޶ҹħʲ˵Ҳڱһ̬ȡ
ҹħ岻Ϊ½籩𣬱ѡ֧֣ĵ֧֡
Ҽˡлƴǡ
ϴ鵤ⶫܹҹħ嵮һλս֣ôȻҲżá
Ǿûҹħȣòϴ鵤ʥҩ˹ƱһӿռָóһᣬǾıʾ
лˣǶ׼õģʱ⡣
ӹᡣ
ھ巽ЦĿ£򿪾һлɷһȵĵͺƶն
ǧǰһʦҶ崴ƶնϿ˹¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ҷһ춷˵ûһҲаǧȻҲͬģǿ괴ֶлѾ֣ǰȭɲǷ
һ֣ȴԲͬҲû
ƶն޷Ͱȭ괴󶷼ᲢۣȴҲҶ۷ʱڴĽ󶷼ĳƷ
ƶն˼壬ǾǶԷ൱
˵лյܹһзĻôƶնǿ˵ķͰٷ֮ʮϵ
лڵʹõĻԾżظãԲ򲻵޷ʹá
ƶնȴûиá
ƶնڵ˵ķżǿƻĴϹŴӵеػ
ǿ͸ˡлƶնᣬҪȥҲͻȥġ

˶Ц
һʱ䣬մﵽ˸߳׶Ρ
Ʊյ飬жڵľ棬㼺ͬߣҲвͬߣͨγһͳһǾǴ½籩ѾȻʼֻǻСһЩĦ
ƹѲ˹ζ
˫뿪
ȻлرҹħʱҪֳ̫׽ĹϵϣΪȻӦʡ
ν֧֣ȫ½籩ǱǰԶʵģлҲ⣬Ͼһƺġ
ǷֿҲǾҹħȥġ
뿪Сʱл̻Ի;¥ھŲ㣬һֻ˵ĺԱš
Ϊһֶڽл֮󣬱Ѿ뿪ھŲҲûˡ
лóƶնо
ϴ鵤ƶնƺһЩǶл˵ƶնȴǼʱ꣬ԽԽӵػĴĸ֣׶õ£ƶն˵һ㡣
ƶն˼壬רƳġ
һֶ֮ͬлġʮսƾۣǧֻءƼ򵥣ʵ̺ǿʮսƾۡۼƿռ䶷ġء֣ʱ䶷ǧֻءֵĺսֻɱ
ƶնһֶãֶͨƷãνǼǿġ
лһ


331  Σ
ƶնڳƷĶ˵ڰȭ淽治޶棬ȴѷɫ
лͷβۿһ飬鲻Խ
ЩѶȣؼǶתʽǹ죬һĶżԺ׳˵Լ
лϾҶ崴ǿ󶷼֮һİȭԶͬʱҶ崴ƶնҪĶ࣬Ҳǳľˣ԰ȭΪȥƶնķʽķɿ졣
һСʱлѾƶն
̧ͷûʹñ
һĨɫĹλлΧУ̺ɱһеķ֮һͬԵĶһ㡣
лһС
꣡
ڷԱߵһѺ󱳵лƴӵֱӿˣΪأǰɵĳ̶лҲһп
ƶն൱
лһ뵽޶
޶ΪսԶսԶս浹ǲԺͰȭ󶷼ںϣǿֲɽս棬ɣ棬ΨڹƻԼǷȱ
ƶնǡǡȱɺ棬ֻƻ
߽ϵĻǲǽɡ桢ںһȻбĿܣ뵽ло
ƶն޶Ľսںϡ
޶ɫǿںκζһ壬ӳƶնںϵҲѡ
ло
Сʱлų͸ѹء
ʥĻӶȥ˴˽棬γĵ
飡
һϡﻩУƶնĵǱֱӽкųӲĽʯƬ
Ҫֻ֪лһӵ
ȫʩչȻӵĿֲһ嵶Ƴ˵ķЧԵľ˵ġ
ںƶն޶л뿪˽̻Ի;¥ҲԸԱھŲ㱻ƻĶ
δһ¥ſڣ洫һһŭɱ죬յſһֻʮΧӣ˳һ޶ǴŲͬº˷ֱ棬һ˫̥
ΧмлϤġ
ҵ쳯ѷ޼ҵǸ޷űԼǸѪħĪ˹йϵ˹
˫̥Ҫùˡ
ǰ˭뵽˹һſڻƣоȻô֡
Ƕ˫̥Ǻ˹г𣬿Ȼһеɱ˹ȥЩ˳˹Ҳˡ
ߴһЩ֮˵Ľ̸
лüͷ
ļ仰лȴеİ˫ֵ̥˹гޣǲ֮
л˵ûʲô塣
ؼǵڶ㣬˹Ȼһһֱڽ̻Ի;¥ƣ쳯ѷǸȸţҪʲô
ҵģ
лһоˣΪҪڽ̻Ի;¥ǡǡڽ̻Ի;¥ڣƺˣ治ʸ쳯ѷǸͬʱ֡
һǰΧ֮˵ͷȥ
лսڡ
λְͦлЦеĵ
л쳯ѷС۾ţˣϣɵ
쳯ѷǸΪ׵ĸʱǶ˫̥һɱлȫóǿ
Ȼǵи֧Ԯлһ־Ǿȫ
أ
лʩչ˿еĿռ䶷ܹռ䣬κ޷ĳ׿
ˢ
һĨлӿ
ΪģԲʮڣ˶ɲǼ䱻̶סͬл䶯ġԶŵĺطɱһζ˶һµûС
ȭ
лȭ쳯ѷԴϾʹ˹ȥ
𣡡
һ˲䣬쳯ѷӲƴˡءռ䶷ķԶԶ뿪
һȭصĴվĵط
䣡
һҸֵվ쳯ѷߵҲǱĿѪȥ
쳯ѷŵɫ԰ף˻ռ䶷
ռ䶷רŷռ䣬˵ģûгʹ߾ʵÿռ䶷ʱ䶷п⣬ֻаһ·
ʱΪռΪǲķ
лһʩչռ䶷˵
ܵ𡣡лЦһλζʱչ֮Ƶ硱ɲǼ䵽쳯ѷ
˹ٶȣٴͼܵ쳯ѷԴ졣
̫ˣ
ƴˣ쳯ѷ
أ
лٶʩչռ䶷ֱӽ쳯ѷ̧־һȭ쳯ѷȥ
Σ쳯ѷûôˡ
أ
һȭȥ쳯ѷͷըѡ
ǿҲĿѪлһˤؿ֮ϡ
Ҫɱҡﻹа߰Ľе
лûһŲȹȥ㴫Ҳ̤Ǹ޷űȥ


332  Σ
ּɱ֣Ǹ޷űϤѣֵ͸е쬵ģŵɫƴӴܡ
лһֱǺϹŴ塢巽ûбɱͷֻǹƽߴϹŴѾ̬ȣǵϹŴ塢Ҳ׷׿ʼʾ֧˭ݷ
֧Ȼǵˣӹɵġ
κ֡
ɱ
лһţʩչƾʧٶȳֵʱѾǸ޷űܵ·ǰ
أ
һ־ǿռ䶷ֱӽ˸
ƴˣ
ǸҧȫųһЩǵĹ⺮УҪռ
ȭ֮˭
лԥһȭػһӰ۳ɵ˶ȭͷЯŴݿ֮ƣ͵ĳȥ
䣡
ȭӰ
ֵķѡ
޷ƿռ䶷ȻܷӶз߶ˣֻܱնɱ
ǣ֣лûϡ
쵰ҹ˹ȴˣͲǶ˫̥Ķ֣һֱ쳯ѷǸռݾϷģ⼸˱лɱĻңλֿܵ
Ƕ˫̥ɫɱ졣
Ҹĸ
˫̥ͬʱڣֻ·裬̺űɱһ
˹ŭģ˫ʳָָָſĴָСβָ𣬷ֱָ̫Ѩȵ⣡
ݣݣ
Ȼ˫Ŀб
˫ֵ̥ȫû뵽ԷȻֳͫҲѹ֣ħͫѪħĪ˹еĽɶĪ˹ɱ˹θʹãȺΧģҪ鷳ѣȻһ㱣ˡ
ۿ˫̥Ҫɱ
лһֱӳ˹ȥ˫ֵ̥ܵм϶ȥ̽ҹȥ
أأ
ⱻ
˹лͬһתܡ
Ƶ磡
лȥ˹ǰ棬һץס˹ļͷһ󣬾ͷһף˹ҽˤǶ˫̥ǰ
ɱ
˫̥۾ˣֵĽ̼籩˹ϣ˹
һĻл̾ϢλҲǱ޿Ʒˡ
лȣգֵܱл˫̥еǸźɫӸмĵ
лڰ֣ǿ߰ɣǼк񱳾ģٲߣܻ߲˵ġ
˫ֵ̥ٴθмһ񣬱Ҵ뿪ˡ
ڽ̻Ի;¥ششлҲҡ޼Һĸ֣ǾˣҲ뿪ˣػʹ
صʹɫصĽ޹ڡ
лºŶ˵㣬˵ɡ
˵ͷɫ뿪Ұؼҵؿǰȥ壬ǸʮϢ׶ȥĸȵлᣬ壬û뵽ǵ֮ȴҺ޼ҵĸֶڣһЩ顣
ҪԸҵģлɫ΢䡣
ûЦҪȥսǵϢ֪ģѾ֪ˣ;нɱǣӵɫ񵤣ǱɱĶ󣬾֪ƺʮֶҪˡ
лƲƲ죬ǿɷѿİһĻУƷԲϣӦ뵽취˰ɣ
û뵽л˾ٶ糺죬ɿĿһ壬Щ뵽Ҫлֿˣû
Щûĵһл˵Ȼˣǻ纣Ůӣ˻ᣬϼһٽҡ޼ĸָ
ǸðлЦ
ûô򵥡ɫԵ˵ؿҰϼ֣Էȫڵ۶˾ǰȥĸֺܶĻҲֵನɱǵĿܣؼҵõϢҺ֣Ϊǿ֣Ҳ˸֡
лüëһҺ֣ң
鷳ˡ
ҺǼҶ޷Цǰڽڲʱ򡣡
㣡ࡣ
лЦеģǰȷҪʲô
˵һ죬ɳĸֱҺͺҽɱǼɳĸֱҺ֣ҽɱ
̫лȻͷĿ侫⣬ô˵ĴϹżֶҺǼҶҶˣĿľҪλᣬң
ǣҴ˷ҺͺҴӵ䶯죬Һ֣Ҵӵ֣졣
лߵ̫


333  ʺ缶һ
˫иɵһˣȻһʤ
ҡҡҡ֣ҵ뷨Եģȥǣõıȷĸ㣬ȴ޼ƿʩ
Ҫ۸㡣
˼ʵǿᣬ
лնԷŰ֮࣬ҲҺǼҵľٶе൱Ĳˬ죬ҪһĻҵĴϹŴΣ
ǱϾֵġ
ȴѡ˳Ĭ
֪ôġȻ֪лĲֻܿЦǼҺұϾǴ壬˿ڹģйϵ۸ӣȻԼˣȴиԵС壬ΪԼ棬иԵĴ㣬Ҳǽ˻ᣬҪܲܶɹѹأܹȥԺͳһˣҸ׺峤ҲԺӲ´һ
лҡҡͷ̾ϾҲߴϹŴ尡
⻰ֱµĺġ
֮ҺǼҲҡҡ֣ҡǰ㣬׻ߴϹŴ˴ӳڣһֱǸ߸ϵģ˽ĸԣǿл䶯졢֣˵ľУлɴھԵƣûпܳԽ˵ģ֧֮лĿȻϣлһΪսʣϣΪ㣬Ȼľͻи
ⲻǿ˵ģǳγɵ˼άʽ
Ȼ䶯֣컹֣ҵҪˣлǿģһҪлﷺս⡣
˽ս
ӵСʮսƾۣǧֻءֶҲ赣ĶԷյĿֲĽɶˡ
磡
ĻǾ磬䶯죬֣죬лĸоǾҪ߳һЩܾˣŮ׾ͱ˸ɵˣҪıơ
ϴ鵤
ҹħʲ˵ϴ鵤ãлһ£ϴ鵤ǷЧ
ô죿ʵ
лԥĵ
循
ܷܲذɣܹҺǼҲȫԺҲǣ˻ᣬǾŹԲǴ޵۶ǸսǣҪһսģﱻأлЦҲδ䶯֣죡
˫з֮ɫ
Ҫ
һĵ
ȴлͬʱʵһҪʮ㣬ջʮ㰡˵Ļ塣
Ҹʲôֻǰﻰ˵ѡνĵ
Ƕ֮ضǹӳ徢ˣûصգл٩ʲôʱﻰǾͺˡ
͵Űɡ˵꣬뿪ˣˡ
ıӰǳԴඣȻô˵ţ˵ûᡣ
һٶȸ죬գۼûټ
޹ֻˡ
Ҳͷſˡ
һлϣԷǳ˫ֹסлĲӣĵҪ
һ仰л졣
½һ˿ջʵǴ
ͲҴؿл˫Ǹʵ˫壬̽½š
Ҿ͸ӣȥ𡣡Ц
лһ£ĵðôҷôʰ㡣ѹϡ
һⰻȻļչˡ
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335  ʺ缶
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䶯˫һǾ޴ʱһ䵽ϣ֮Ϳ䶯췢췭ظĴ仯
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340  ءһ
Žׯ԰ڣδȿˮĿˣлҲ֪ȻǳԼġ
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лһţԭʧٴγʱѾվڷٵʳָָ·ɵһ㣬ڷٵͷϴһѪӿзԵڵأл뷿䡣


343  ءġ
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344  һ
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ӥӥһ߰ٷսģһ㶼Ժϵݳ֣һսȻһɱĺݽɫ
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˴ЦƵֵȥ
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лûȤȥˣȻնݳ˳ЦǺǵĵڵԼˣǻи԰Ͳìܣ
ĳ֣ʱɫߵҸʲôҵ飬ֲ㱩֡
ҵȻò֣˵ˣлĿʮɫ֮ˣǿϵң
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ʮ˱˴˶һۣ󶼽Ŀ˵֮˵ϣ˵Ը롭
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Ϊĵˣ
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356  һ
Ȼ֪лֹû뵽лȻȻ˵Ļ
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лĵ֪ҪɱǣȴҪǣǣ˵ҹ֣֡
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лưˣҡԺȵ
죡
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ʵҲ㲻ѾǴؼλ磬ؼҪȿС꣬ʹһΪҪ߹֣ʶϼҲǷ裬Ӳ˷
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ڿܸߺһò绨ĸŮӣһͷںڵ㷢¶ѩ׵ľӣһϮˮɫȹе쾡£ɢųŮ˵
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󻹸ʮˣҲǸ߼ӵܣɫưһȺϼҸֵá
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ⲻǣҲˡ
ܸߺһƨڿԱߣȻлȻǿսʷϵһƺŵˣҲҪ̫Ϊǰɣǿǵĵ̣˵ң̫ʰɡ
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ҵĵ̣ҿǿԳȫ˿˫ֵĵ
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һпĿĻðɣڽֵܣ׷ɱ˵֣࣬ʵޣԺûжٳɳǽֵȴͺᣬδɾ;Բɹ
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357  
ϸҸʱһЩҲ֣лǰûаյĻ
˵ĿˢˢͶͿܸߺˡ
ܣ˵Ļ𣿡
ܸߺ۾û˵ƺ˼
Ǹ߽һЦҲţ
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ӢͬҲôΪЦ֮Գ֣ǰģϾ͸ĺܻɣ㱩ʲộƭ˰ɡ
˹Ȼ
лɨһ۸߽࣬ŮȻڸ֮ǰܹ뵽ȥ̽һ˼ܡ
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ʮӣ˸еЩǣǸ߽ߵȻҪԣǴҾͶְɣ
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˷ʥڵϣ֪⡣
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Ըվֵ͸оǸֵϴһǿ˺ʱĿƣ㵹ת

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öǾͲ𣿡
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óһƿӣֱҪšƿǡ
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ĻʱһЩϸҵĸֻȻ
ҩָǰκξ綾ûá
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лСһָЩĸ֣˵Ҫǵ
㲻Ҫ̫ŭ
΢΢һЦлվҾ̫Σ


358  
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һ仰̶̼֣ȴͬشһڿؿϣеܵ衣
ڳϸҵĸһĶ⣬ͷתģһǻðɣɱڵĶл߬ȭͷġ֨֨ҧгݵ׺ݵĿ⡣
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ӿ
һѱ׳ľ޽նʹл޷ȥ߰·ɵǿܸߺ

лֳ
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λˡлЦ۽ܵ˿뿪ĵ̣ûƴ˼
ˣϵļⲻϵĲ
ˣˣ
׷ɱлĲݣ


359  ǿˡһ
ڿǵϣҪնɱƣǿ𺣬Ҳ޷ܣŭϸҸַƵĳɱȥͬʱֺ͸ֱ߽ȥ˫ĸ֣Χл
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Щħ￴ȥܲʵǵȴʵģһȭȥʱһƬķֲа
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лüëһ˾ȻǴؼλ磬ҾͲһ߱ʺ缶Ķ֡
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ŨصϢȻɫɫľԵĵطһֵĲɫ񵤵Ĳ
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ǰػޡӥѵľ


360  ǿˡ
޵۶ʱ򣬸лʦлҪӥѣһľľսǣлһ𣬾Ĵҡ
ȴʧһϢûС
ȴû뵽ľȻõˣղפڣҲΪʲôˣǷڲľŨصϢϾľֶ޷ռָڲġ
ľϢлľҲһ

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367  ȺӢ͡
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ӵʩչĻᡣ
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368  顾һ
սڰӿɱսһ
սģֻһ¼ŵӰ
ǰ಻һǽ֮ȴ֮𣬸ǸǿѹָУлĵģ۽ܵ޷ֵɱȥԲ뿴顣
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ҪɱңҪɱлĵͬģϴνӵȴҪɥ˵ˣ

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лһʥƽƽնûпʹʲôƾͻȻģͼų֡

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΢һͷסʥͬʱ˫ɫ۾â˫չɱ
лųȫĳɫë۾Ƿһ˿Ц⣬΢΢һ

ʥģͼͷųɫĺͽɫĹâֱס˳ҪƳ


369  顾
Ӷ֮еĿ
µĶȴֻһ֣µĲѾʧл֮󣬸ǽӵ˲ٿ˱ҪͨľǿĳȴǴδйġ
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ͬʱӥüļһɫĹ⻪ڳ
һö˸ɫԲ
лѿڵ飡


370  顾
飡
лѾõ飬ȻδԵ飬ǿӥüĳֵһö飬̾ϳˣӦǺ顢Ե顣
ͬģлҲоɫ񵤵Ĳ
ɫҪ飬ͬöһɫ񵤵Χͺɫ񵤵ĸһ㡣
㾹Ȼʶ顣ӥ΢΢һ漴¶һĨЦݣӦ֪ҵĶ֡

лŲûжԿӥĿֻ뿴ӥʲôĵơ
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һĽײؼ䣬һĨΪ˷ɢȥ
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лϸһĨЦݣԿ紵ҷһ˫۾ʵʰĺ⣬ȫĵʹǵġ
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궯ɫʱֹͣ

ʥȴʼԵı仯˸ģͼҲڴ·ޣųɫĹâɫƬһ˫۾ȴɫģֻԾɲǷǳͬƷڻ峺ĳڣȻóȴҪʮϸԡ
ˣлҲоʥͬһ㡣
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ľķԸл˫ա
ʥʱһɫĹ򣬲ǵӣ֮лĶȥſһѪǹ档
Ѫɫ롣

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ɫĹʱһȥ
𣡡
죬һ춯ص
Ϳǹһʮ׳׵ħ޵Ӱֻͨ屻һ㵭ĹⲨţ˿
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ħ߿𶯳ɫ˫ʱһ⺮Խռ谭һͷײڷɵ˵Ŀӥϡ
һײӥըѿ
лһС
ħ»һУָʥģ
ʥɱΪ


371  Х졾һ
ʥɱ䡣
лʱеʥڲͬǾӵģԷӡеħ޵ǿͨطָħ޵״̬лʥȴͬ
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ܸߺʮһ֣γɵĺ弼޼᲻ݵȻлնɱǵŷǳصĴͬҲ̼ĸ߼һ˫Ŀ죬ɱ졣
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ǹһħޣſںУֱӽͻХ顣

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374  Х졾ġ
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лĬĬĵλߣлڴ˷ģгһգһҪó˳յѪծ
Ҳ֪˶ã˿˿һ˿˿ǡ
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л̧ͷ죬Ҳ죬ģ˵ζ
ܵܣ߰ɣҶڵ㡣ǰ˵
лͷȥ
ʮಽл׿ȥɽͷǷĹ£Եǰ
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УӰԶȥ
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лҵ峤лҲڡ
Сܣ֪˼ҡּҡ塢Ҳˡ
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ҾѾȫǨƵ˳ǾסϿ˹˵Ǿгһµľ
ҹħʲյҹħҲˡ
ҡǼҡ˼ҡּҡ塢塢ؼҡң޻ҵȵȶɳȨһӲȵʥסԱԺжƶļƻܹгͨΥһЩҪʧĺ˵ҾǼʱҰǰ򣬴ǰأǰһʮ֣ʮλǰ
ҰǼѾɳʮֺʮλǰռ
ԭѹֵգʱԵ
ĸס
ʱΪ´½ǿ֮һ
һؼվĿɨÿһ˵ףȻҶһǾӦüᶨһĿ꣬жģ˭֮£ұ֮ϽأϾﵽλ磬ҵĹ涨ڵ̾ԶΪ峤һ㣬ɵ˵صĳϱʵȨһƶļƻǱļ塢ִУȴսΥضһܵʧأԱ۴˭飬
ҰҴǼұʾ֧֣
ȻҲû壬οڴ½ƻȷѡ񣬱Ȼ֣֮ʶȫͬ⡣
ãȻҶͬ⣬ҽ飬ǸΪʥǣΪԺ´½֮ءл½սʱˣ


378  ʥǡ
ʥΪģеɷ״鲼޵۹޵۹ͼ޵۹۹״ʽûһͳһָӣôͻһƵĻᣬʥǣôһгͨؼġ
һȥûκε󣬼зԣȴҲִУ۳һǿս
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Ҫ֪ؼҿɲͬҹħ塢壬壬ǵʵȻǿᣬܹߴϹŴеһ壬ʼնںɽڣûĲҵ֮ǣ
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޵۹γɵļ壬˵޵۹֮һĹдķأ޵۹޻˵ȻҲкôģûг޻ҵĴˣ͵嶼ѾؼҾǷһļ棬ѡעһ֧л
峤Ҫл
ؽʥ֮ʱѾ֪ͨף˼ּ峤ϻ飬ʮ˳ϣʮһƱ޳ɣƱԣƱȨͨ飬ؼҸʵ۱½Ǣһ£ʮ죬ؼҽʽפʥǣΪʥǵһӣʢЦ
ľҲ˶һ
Ƹ۵
峤ѹܹؼ׳ȴʼ޷ؼҿ⡣峤̾һǹе棬ȴûз֣ʵѾ·ԣ½籩½Ϊʤǧ꣬겻ܣȴԾΪһķûɾģܹȡʤҲʽҽǨʥǣ
ʢԣЦһ£Ŀ벻ȴŹͬĿ֣꣬ǹͬδɣ
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˿ûп¼ΣվеĵģʵѾеİʧܵĻǲʥǣҲˣɹˣôпܷչΪǧ壬塣
͸Ҫȵġ
лĿӹ˼ҡּҡ塢塢ҡǼЩϹŴǰĴˣҲһп
ҹħ塢塢ؼҡ˵ҪôûǣңˣҪôޣзޣңȻҲСȫƿؼ壬辭峤ϻۣĴȴǲͬġ
Ƕۺĵ̣ڸԵפؾӪҲǧ֮ãҪǷԼפأȻǲ̫ʵġ
лĿĺʱЦ¶һ˿Ǹ⡣
̼ʮɵİգ岻Լפصģ˵ȻǨΪ峤ҽʥǡ
Ҳһ̬
Ǽҵ峤ѾʽҰҲڵǾޡ
һ
Ͽ˹޲㣬ǳ峤ͬ峤Ļһ
λǼڴҲǾ˼ǵģ峤ϻٿ㳤һ֮ãҰҲûϾһΪ峤ͻṫģҲûʲô壬½籩٣ܷһϴУǣҲû˿İգԭ峤βõģǾ̫飬һʱ䣬֪жٽѣ峤ΪӵжԳϻķȨΨ峤ܱ˴ǣƣͬΪ롣
˵ƺ˷ţ༰ĸоڳ˶һ
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ȱ̬֧лġ
޸ǳϵ֮ˣ˿˵һ¶ģѡޣô͵Ծһ峤ΣǼңϻľԾбǷ
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Ǽҽ֧л޶ģ
Ͼ֧лⷽ棬ľҡǼҡҹħ;Ĵҹħ;פʥǣʵжǵ̬ȣұȽ⣬峤лŮˣ˭ȥɣ
ǼҽƳҲڱһ㡣
ĸǿ޷˵֧л½籩ģһƬǵء
Դˣʥǽ
лϣսʼΪģҡǼҡҹħ塢塢塢塢ؼҡҡ˼ҡּҵȵͬ⣬޻ԼǼҵڽܵУ޻ңδδʵȰʵδȡ
ûǣͬ´½ǿ֮һ
лˣɵѪڣʱֻлһ޴ˣȴΪ½кǿڡ
̿л˫֮ɫΪܹҺǼϹŴЩٶ޵ȫ֧֣ҪĻл䶯֣죬Ҫ˸пսʼʵֻĴ˵޷ܵջ
鲻Խ̱סлơ


379  лǬһ
оִĻĸолҲ̲סУĿ̡
ĿԣԶԡ
ҲΪпģΪƫԶСǣһסʮ꣬ɣľΪﵽ壬ҲΪʱл̵УһСƨѡ
˭룬ʱ䣬СƨȴѾΪ½ʢĴڣǿĺ
л񣬼顣
ʥǳ֮ס̫ˣȵǽһЩϣѾҹ
С¸ͣ
Ѿ˵ϯԺ̸ۣνȻ죬һ˵Լиַʽ֤лҲͳһӴӵѴ
Ҫϸ享һһصĽѵǸոջǣӶ֮׿ɥȻһʧҲС˵˵Ĺ۸ʥǷ洦ƣЩҡڲļ塢ܲõĿԭͶģҲٴԥ룬ܲá
ͬģǳĻȴҲðżΣգ޼ҡҵפؾֻмأ˵ʵڲǾ룬޷屾أ˸֪פأʥԶˣϹȥҲͱ¶ˣ˼׼ʱ䣬Ψ߼ҿԽ˼ѵ֪享Ҳפ֣ڸ
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лҲһͷ󣬺ܾҪնɱȪΪʵҪƳ٣˫ͣ
ֱ賿㣬һȺ˲ɢȥ
л̫Ѩеһҡ
ǲǺۣĺ̲δ뿪лΪ˫磬˵
ҷ֣Ҹɲ£Ҵ̿ԣƵϸ棬ȴ̫ˡлЦ
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лһۣоԼҪεˡ
ҲǸ峤ΪʲôǼǿߵԭһΪ峤ҪʱټиС棬ǳ鷳Ӷ̽͵ЩϹŴˣȻһˣʵ̫ˣ˵ǼҵǳȻøֶΣǿн˳Ժ֣ǼҾ˵һˡ
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лĶͷһ£ѽȷⷽȽ裬޵۶Χҡ޼ҡҡ֣ңû飬Ǵúܺ𣬲ģֱ˵
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ֱǵĻڵصġ
ֱҪϢˣŷֿʮ㣬һ˫ҪγˮĿлǰСҵһμ㣬ŶСƨ벻ȴѾվڴ½۷ˡ
ʮǰлҲֻоѣлӣٺЦ˼ǣСƨȻ⽾Ĺˡ
꣡
̲סЦվֱ££㷢ôĿУңҪ𣿡
ǵȻлֱ׳ĵ
Ȼ֪˵ѣһǺܸˡЦ˫лգǣ㲻ǺͷƽҸƼһλ˾ⷽĳ׿ƽԱ˵ܻ鷳ȴֵ鷳
Ŷˣ˭лϲ
Ц

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ǲζˣ̼һɵЦӣ̲סð
ٺ٣аǲǸý̽͵أлһӽ̱ȥϢ
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Ȼ֪һ죬Ծе˵
ȣ
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лͷһֻľһСӣվڴڣֹĲʱ򰡡
˼Ϊʥǣ㱻˸ɵڻо綾֮ǰҪ棬Ҳˣô֮󣬻ӵлŮ˼Ժ󣿡ľһڣࡣ
Σ
л˵׹ڱһ̹⣬һСڴڡ
ģ
ľϲ
л״ҺãȻ֪ľô˵أСβָľ档
˷ľ֮һ֮ǰлҩָȴѾ˾޴ĸı䣬ӽӽɽ׶Ρ
ϴλղȥ˶ȴֻʮӣɼлҩָѾ޽ӽɡ
綾лϽ֮󼪣λǧ꣬еˡ
л̵ûֱӻطǽлǬķ䡣


380  лǬ
ڣлǬԾɴڳ˯С
ллǬʱЩȻ
ˣ
лǬѾ˯꣬˾ǣйƶҩԣ˶˳˯һ㣬ǾͷԺѣƫƫֲڲԣ۲Ǽ尾ġ
ˣŰɣ
˵־綾ɱ˻Ҫʮٱ
лǬл˫ĿʱˮܿƵǰ˫ϥء
ףһˡлץסлǬƣ˵
̿Ҳеһ˸УлǬо֮жر˵һֱûܾлǬźοлǬӵŮˣھβѣվл
ޣʲôޣޣϵѹٸޡľ
лһ漴ϲǰܾҸף
ľӵԾСӣϴͼ޵۶Ǿ͸ʱҾͼ㶨綾ĳɷ֣ǰЩӱ뵽ƽֻ֮ǺжˣûֶѣҲˣңɸ㶨͵綾Ӧһǰħ춾ɢ֮£κ鵤ҩ޷ҩָҲãΨǵ֮ſԻ⡣
ħ壬һǳǿ壬˵ǰһƬȷѪ꣬ڵϹߴԭڵʱڵģģҲǺڵؼΪħһϯ½ѣߴϹżûģħʱ塢֮Ҳ塣
˵ħΪģһͨĶħ˶źųһǧֲͬľ綾
εķӡδֻһһо֪һ㣬ʹʥֹ춾ɢܹ϶ľҲСڷڡ
ʹʥȻֹ춾ɢ
лһѲɶħ岢δʹʥжħ˴ڲɣоǸ¶ĺҺεõ춾ɢ
ĻУʮĴֱ濪һ϶žͿöɫӴɳ
ǵԴ֮顣
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лͿлǬͷͽŲֱһĨɫתö֮ǰƶɫҲ
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л±㽫׹ժľ
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ľ˵Цʧڷڡ
ʱлǬ۾΢΢һ
ףлϲ
лǬлòżѵĿڣǡǰʱδڣ˵Щѡ
ңңҾǰлص
ӣһ˿ڷ£ҲΪлеˣ΢΢һЦȻ˳˷䡣
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ʱѾ賿ĵңţС£ϴ˵飬̸꣬뵽лʶ֪ĵεΣľ񶼷·һȫ
ٿ䣬̸е뵽ؼ䡣
ϲ̽㣬飬Ĵ硣ö欵Ӱȵľͷ֡
ݳһ˿Ц⣬٩Ŀǿ찡ǲ˯ž

ѵ𣿡ɺ죬ȴûнƱ磬ܴߣѾȴƾͰȻﵽߵĴ磬Ժľ´½Щսǿߣ޷Ტˣδɾͣﵽսû̫
Цͱˡָָ䣬棬δĹոѣǵȻٽȥɡ
ѵǽδ
Ѿͷһ۵ʥǣϸϵ棬ģ
㣬Сô꣬ⷽ棬Сᳵ·Ц
̵ͷǾͺãʱ䣬ҾҪؼפأռϴʽҪ֮ʱ䣬Ҫˡ
һĨ⣬ϲСԤףϴʽ֮󣬴ʮ磡
ʮ


381  ˡһ
ӣлǺС
ϵؽפҲӳ˾̾פأǿǵͣҹħ幭֣ԼؼҺҵص㣬еķ䣬óϷһʾԡ
ʥǵĽ졣
ԭǾмʮˣŸ塢Ľ룬ֱѾﵽһٶ򣬸дǨ룬˿ڲϵӣȫ֣޽ʥٶȸ죬ʮ֮󣬳ǽѾȫ޽ϡ
лǬ֮Ҳˣл̸ˣлҲͷˣһգӭǼ˵ĵ
ǰĺȻǼ峤ޣ
ʱѾʮΪ½Ĵ֮һǼ峤ͷΣνǹɡ
ĵҲһϢ
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Ψлҵ峤ллǬŴڵˣ˲ɵһ̾СģȴΪлƾӹ󣬲ʸ룬Ҫ֪ؼҺңǶǱлҪǿʮǿڡ
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ҲǲĿޣȻǶ֪Ƶʲô峤˵ҼǵóһᣬأػĶֻǽػõߣһ֮·ٺܶ谭ﵽս⡣
峤Բ١ЦȴãҷļһЩϣߵʹһЩϹǿߵϹǿߵ־ľ飬õߣ˵һﵽսеƫģҪﵽʮȴ̫⣬ҪĻǵõߣٶȽἤ
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лֻߵһһĸ֣ȴǲ٣η䣬ҲȫõߵƣĻֻ˵享֣̫ϲˣǻûô
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η䣬ζڳЩԺķչӵƵĻԼ׳޷ݵ
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лޣ׽飬һˣغʥǵĵλƶſԣҲǵһʹȨҪƽ˵ԭҪԼֹ۵
ҵһѡؼлһ㿪ڵҲûбҪҺϵȽܡ
ûϿ˹Ц
ҲһЦ
Ϊʦлʵе⣬ʹʥǸлܿġ
أһ룬Сħʵ˷ѡлЦҶ֪ǸлʦĵӣΨһĵӣԺĳɾͣ²ҵͣûƣڶʱڴﵽսӦҲûʲôġ
ԣЦ
ΪƲһ˿Ҳɢˡ
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ڶлĿ˸ѡ裡
˱˴˶һۣϿ˹ѡңƫƫǲѷɫߴϹŴĴڣܹ£ңʵӦɳԽһƿ𣿡
豾峤е󳬼ţƣﵽսҲ˻ɵġ峤ҹ˵
ҿǹˡлЦƣ֮ǰѾõˣҺ̡ù˵飬峤˵ûսǺ˵츳棬Ҫ̽㡢Ҫ߳һߣҪʮսûƣްϣʮ֮ڣɫ񵤵ĴڣԵλսʣҲ˵ʮ֮ڱȻռսȲʱ򣬱˵ңǺҲԱ϶ǣУһλսǾζżȥһݻᣬοʱ޷ǱȻҪѡ֧ĳһһƣǶһλսѾ֧ˣѾں䶯졢֣ľУռƣλã˵Ļľأ


382  ˡ
л׳𰸣˶Ĭˡ
ɷϣ׶ΣҺұȻ޷Ǳ»ᱻģǶɣΪսΣ϶Ĳأǲ̬п֮κ˶顣
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ڶƣܹõϣ꣡л˵õ˱ͻ࣬һλƶϣԺɾʮ⣬ǵõƣȻΪһ㣬ҲǷǳĿ졣
һ˵ûлɣҶ֪˱ĴڣұһʼͱҪ֧лʹʥж
ͻ˷ܲѡ
ܵõлһۣҲԣ츳Ψһܹó迹ģֻȥһۣŻڱ֮ģܹߵƣܹõƣѾˣȻˣǽܹõƣȻ͸ҵٮٮԼҹħĸǺ;Ķˡ
˶ԣл̾ԣʵν壬˵˾Ǻҹħ塢壬ΪǿȴҪһЩǵһжˡ
ҪҲԣóʵǡ˵ľͿˣǳ˱ꡢҲлսֶҲû취˵ʵԶԣҹħ塢ԼǼҵЩ֣ҲûеõƵĿܡ
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394  ҵĺ
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лҡͷǡǡ෴Ƶһ£ӳˣŻЩ˼ѰңûʱȥȥѩɽѰҼҹˣοҵʲô취ƣֻܼá
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˹˿ҵҡԽЦ
˹˵ĵһ취޽Ŀ׳ѩɽܰɣۿ屻𣬿»˵Ǳ취
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С˲̵ģа취ڡȻ
ԽԣЦǾ޷ǰȥ޽Ѻ͹ɡ
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399  ޻
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޽ڳԶе㲻̫ˣ˼άҲЩңһ˰ӣԽĹѪͷ
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402  ơһ
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һʮףǰսΧǸոõѩǹ֮˱ɱһ˲䣬лȻ֡
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ѪŨȴﵽ޵ʱѪҪ۳Һ壬׷ɫĽȥ
Ĺȴʼ١
лΣɽڣΪ߿޷ʥֲδжˣս
ЩѪƱ渡ķš
ߣ˹˼еסԽҪȥոڷɣͿЩͻأıһѪɫ䣬һѪɫ
䡭
ƾգһˮͰϸĹ
ÿһĵطͳͳΪҽеĸ֣ʥǲʺ缶һȫɱ
ķΧٶףվԶĸֶУ̼䱻ɱʮ֮ڣлİΣգҵɽڣӵ⣬Է⣬Ĺ۲죬ֶܹɱġ
䡭
ϣĸֱɱ
ѪѪȫɫƣʹɫŶʺɫ֮󣬱㿪ʼɫ
ٶ˱ɱ֮ǵѪȾɫơ
ɫƱһƬѪĺ첼ǱĻԹʧ֮ǽƺȻըѡ
һвȫֳ


409  ᡾һ
ʧԭӽΪɾľҲ֮ʧֻһǳǳһߣ·ԭһ㣬̵Сݣ׳ĳɳţȴһѩ
ǽɫٲĴûټ
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Щʥÿһɢŷ֮⣬ȻЩǳʥģɢŸֲͬɫʣջȥᡣ
лٿԽһ
ԭΪǿںԽһѾƣǺܴƣˣֻкԽ˹ˡ߿޷ĸ֣ͳͳ䣬ʥҲɱ
ʥ
尡
Щʥǵˡ
ڶݵİ֮Ȼ˶ĳȥлȺ档
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ĿԾֻһɱ˹ˣ
ԭƴʢĺԽˣʵ۵ĵزҲǸӵСģ˾;ۼһ𣬲ֿ̫ࡣ
Խһѷĳ߿޷Ҳж֣˹˵ĿȴһԶꪣǶԶԸͬһֻԣһǱԵģлԶꪣԺвĸֳ˱Ӱ
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׶೤ץסһԱ˫ꪣ͵˹˵ǰ˹̽ץȥס˫ꪣǴʱѣ»꽫ЩҪĸͳͳĻȥ
ˢ
ҲʱлٿȻ
һ⣬ʮ֮⣬˹˵ĺ󱳾Ͷݺݵն¡
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лһ
Щ˫֮˼״һ£Ȼɢȥʥˣûһ˸Ҷ֡
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лʤˣ
ڷְΧնɱ߽࣬Ǹ̵ӡ󣬾Ȼû˸֡
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л۽Ǹ߿
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㲻ɣлĵһģͼ˸һĨϽɫĹ⻪

Ƿ۵糸µʱһͣ·εһ㣬Ǹ߿㹻ǿҲ޷˲ƽ⡣
лûնһ
ۣ
߿ǰһ˿ڣÿ죬¾Ҫһˣлˣӵն
ˢˢˢ̼նʮ൶ҷ磬ˣ߿ɱĽڽڰˣһ˿ڣȴûˡ
𣡡
߿ŭģһȻۻȡӽǿӲĹ

лһţƾʧա
ٴðǸ߿࣬նɨ߿Ĳ
ؽ䣡Զ˹˶Ϻȵ
ٴθһƽ⡣
˶Ͼлʩչ˴ռ伫⣬Ҫɽڣڼ⣬һ汻ƣ޷ʹá
޷ǰ߿ǰɱл˹˺ȵ
޷һƣ֣˹˵Ľǲĵķ֣תɱȥ
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ʥλĶ֣лûսȤ޷̻һ⣬޷һν滻λ
޷лվλá
л޷ĵطл˫أͿƵʥ̻๥һУǶ
лλлץסĶơ
ƹӹ׾ԲΣаƣͼԼһЩ㣬էȥϹʱڱɫԵģлҪ
֡ޣ
ƾȻĵ۹һ֣޶ܡ


410  ᡾
ץ޶ܣлɵúƣз͵ʥˣս
Ҷƣ޷ȴǺˡ
޶ģû뵽Ȼôʹıлˣݺݵصһ˹ˣٴɱȥ
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߿ȻǷɱлɵģٶȸĳȥ㻬ݺݵն£ٶȡﵽ˼¡
޶Σ
лǰһͣ޶ֵܵһ


леһ飬΢΢һ߿ȴĿзأ޶ȴǺˣ۸߿൱ʥȻһСڡ
öܰ
ɵôϲ
޶²ֻʥô򵥣пǳʥģлϲУٴζ޶ֵܵ޷Ĺ

һײ
޷Ľɴֱ࣬ӱˣ޷סˣл״ȥһͱ˹ȥŵ޷æˡ
СģӦǰ͵Ķƣ˹ڲԶ߿޷Ľնȥ޶ܵıһЩС̣Щ´ϸǶѽɵˡ
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лſ޶ڲֻ࣬һЩϵ֣Ҳʶ뵽޶ܵĲһ㣬һ˿
ǣǡ
޶ٿȻǴֱһңֻҪлһ˶У
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޶Ȼĳװеһ
װеһ׵ĻȻô򵥣л붷޶ܱ仯ֱʮ׵ĴСʼ۲޶ڵͷ֣޶СףĶһСס
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ݣ
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꣡
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ǸոᵽһʥĺԽֽ׸޷Ϊӵٻػһ˸޷˺ڷԾġ
ץס޷ȫ߶
䣡
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޷ֳִ˵ʱƴ
ɱ
ͬʱϺȵ
𣡡
л޶ܣһʥλ֣ɵѪɵ׷һԪҵķǱȵΧսòͣǸߴͦεɵħ˲սʤǿУںڵҷҵ趯µӿȣͬŭӿеսܵŵֹͣһɷΪ˷ȥ
ֻͬɫĹ⺮߿ײһ
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һ
ǿлҲһΣˣδأ޶ʱһ⻷ȻһɨתŵԲȦХɳ

ͬʱֽ
лûٴɱ޶ʱŴһУݺݵײȥ
ոյֵԲȦἰֵδӳȫʱҵˣ޶ٴС¶лӰ
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лٶȷӵޣм䣬޶ܺݺݵȥն޷䡣
أۣ
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ͬʱˡ
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߿³һѪŭķֽ棬һʱлɱȥ
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޷һתնһһȼŵ浶⻮յ谭˲䵽лԡ
Ҽл
лһ̤գܿ
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ǵĹҲ֮ҶԷȥǡض޷ǡնɱ߿
лһɨ
޶汬Ŀ޷浶ɱ߿ȥ
Сģ߿˹˼е
߿ǡնһæθնлѾն

Ͼʥ֣߿ٽֵ
أ
ٽǰؿŴ󿪣л޶ݺݵײȥǰģͷ飬ˡ


411  ȫһ
նɱ߿
лȻתɱ޷һۿȥ޷ŵɫһ䣬²ȵһʬ壬һûվȣһƨڵϡ
һ£˷һ
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ʥְлǿٴ˸еһӵľġ
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ϣȴû˸Ҵ˵
ǺԽ˹ɫ࣬ǵ̼ȫûҪлĹ
δйʧܸԽЩĻ䡣
л޼ɣлȴڣùбɱĿܡ
ߣ
лɭɱԽʹ˵һ˵֡
پ˹Լս޷ٵ룬лҪȥ׷ɱɽڻмҹ⣬Ҳֻ÷
Լҹ⻹뷨ľ£ʵĻ߰ɡл޶С˵
ԭ˵ġ
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лһ̣û˵ʲôǰȥԼʮ֮ǰһͨ
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ţһ춯
žͿһ洫ݳ
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ͷһ
Ҫ֪ҹⶼÿ²ͷһεģڽŸոͷŹһΣھȻһͷš
ִƹɵǲ뵽֮ǰĽƣǸйɣܹ鼫ҹڣǶԣûл
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лһЩ˵õһЩʥǶԼҹһЩ뷨лҲٴᵽ˼ҹӥͼС
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ĴޱǱӡģǵԿ֮ǽӥĸȴҪܶ౶ֻΪõĴ޷ʹһԾΪػ޵ģлףҪýӥĴ俹⣬ҲǱذɣʤ㣬⼫ҹȴиıһ
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ǰУԼ˽׵ľ룬лƶҪ뿪ѩɽΧ֮ˣſǰһĻ
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ȵĻѩзԲ׵ķΧмĵطһѩɵļ̨Ƶ״һ롣
뾧Ө͸һЩĻƣһɫĹζݣȻǼҹ⡣
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˶鲻ԽǰȥлֻǰȻͣ˳һץס˻Ϊ塣
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лŬŬ죬ûһ˿𣬿ĳЩǿǡ
ĸӦһ£İ
䣬͸еҵĲǰ׺ĻѩͻȻըѿһ˶ѩ˴ӵվ
Щѩˣÿһ׶ߣһ㡣
״ͷҺûȥȻҪѩ˻ƴˣЩѩһǿޱȣɵðԾ̾
ȫһл
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Լҹ־ڱصõģٶԽԽ죬ԽԽ죬ı㳬һЩѩĸ֡
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һ׶ߵ˶ѩðȭлѩ˸ӽ̨ʵȻҲǿ
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лñȭȥ
أ
һȭ֮£Ӵѩ˱ʱƬ±ѩγѩڵһ˿Ҳ͸лȭͷûڡ
͸еԼĶһ¡
ͬʱǱȫõһС·𴫵ݵĳңԶĵط
ںϣ
㣿
ֶ챻лˣȴٴͻأĳлԺУͼ޵۶һĻĻٵĴԺ
벻ʱںϻá
лȴ˲˶飬Ҫٵĳȥһȭɱѩˣǰһѩվ
ѩ˽ӽ׵ĸ߶ȡ
Ȼ֮ǰǸѩ˸ǿһЩ
ȭ
лҲû룬ȭһȭػѩ˱ĵɳȥȴûбɱٴɱ
ȭ֮˭
֮ǰɱѩˣԵõһ˿лȻᶯñ˭֪޷õأЩɱѩ˵ĸֲûľϲ
˭Ƶá
ǹѹѩ޿ɵȭͷҹȥʱһ塣
Ķٴ֮࣬лҲˣ·ѩΪˣݶΪ
ֻϣЧܲԣõ󲿷ֻ֣Сֱתߣ˵ƺ˺лĻплԼˡ
ĺܣ
𣡡
̨вʮ׵ʱлеҵΧ׵ĵط׷׵ըѣ̼׵ѩԼ֮ࡣ
ͬʱһͨ׸ѩ˼սĸֶȻ䱬˵һָɱѩˣȻ㻯һⱬȥٶ֮죬˿ڵõ壬ֱӳǼ̨׸ߵѩ˳赲˿΢΢һΣϷֱ˹ѩˣٴǰ塣
лһУҵ


412  ȫ
ڳˡ
֮ǰлõ鱨ǼеĴˣЩǶ֣ȴһֱûڿǶװֻͨȺˣѹа˾ʮûѡ뿪
Ҹһ֣ݵ
һ˻û֡
ֹѩˣһǼҹ⡣
𣡡
ۿҸ־Ҫϼ̨Ϳ̨·Ȼһ춯صŭĳЩսеѩ
ѩ׶ߡ
һֱ㽫Ҹָĵɳȥ
ѩ
أأ
죬ҸֻûӰɱѩˣɱѩҪɱ
顭
ɱѽѷ֡
ǺȺһ˷ХɱѩˣǼҹ⣬˵ٶͬס
𣡡
ѩڴʱ̣Ծɻȭȥ
һʱײȥ
Ϳ˫һ֣һ壬ǹһɫȻеػ
Ҹ֡
ѩǽҸִĺʮףδˣԾץǼҹ⡣
ܣ¼ҹ⣡
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˵ʵͬ˵Ŀ¡
ҸЦ֣λûʸҡתУһǹУ̳תĶն
ܣ
֣Σ
ǺҳϺлҪעҺ֣ҵ֮һȫʵǿ֮ˡ
أЦУһȽȽ
ɫ΢䡣
֣һ壬֣֣Σ֣֣Ȼʵ˵ģһ˿²Ƕ֣ΪԵĺҺԽȴѾлˡ
Ǿ԰ɡܽߣȴòףһȥüҹ⣬ؽ⵽֣κֿ籩ĹпܵɱΨǿų嶯ǹ֡
֣κָԾһѷĳȻǸոյõʥǷֱɱ
һ
ҲʾгǹһƬǹֶ֡
ǽֵһ˲䣬һӰͻȻɲǼǼ̨ǰ̽ץǾӨ͸ʢżҹ롣
壡
Ӱּлл
һٶ̫죬һĲӰȻлֹļĸ˹
һٶһЩȴҲֻǲһ߶ѡ
˹аͼ˹֣οѪˡЦӽնˡ

ͬʱ˹ȻҲ˲ʺ缶ȫʱĵɳȥ
ĺǡǡǼ̨
ײ̨һ˲䣬ǿһѪǹɾзתΣһȭȻڼ̨档
䣡
Ǽ̨ըѣǿ𶯣뷴ȥ
ಣ
뾶ֱĴѩ˰Χŵл
壿ˣ
лһۣȻ򣬸ҺǼҶˣһ壬һ塣
ֻһֱڰж
һˡ
ǰлҲٱһ˫ȭɣǡХ񷡱Ȼҳȥ
أأأأ
Ĵѩʱ飬ͿԻĴѩˣȴڹ۲죬жٸţɱѩˣĴѩ˵ٶ롣
л˫ĿһĨ⡣
еֻҪǻɱѩ̱ɿʺ缶λ⻹ΪݳȥһĻѾͻˡ
žŹһɨɱһУ
лһˣȻϺڰ׾ɫڻһɨɱлȥ

ʮؼ֮һľŲ
лɱȻ֪ʽͶߴϹŴĺң享һ
˱лἫҹ⣬ȴʼնĿĲԶΪҪɱ
նɱлܺȵ
֣κּûκԥͬʱתɱȥ
һʱ䣬ܡ֣Ρһ֣ĴֳĿǻɱл
޶ܣ
л޶ȻŴȻһɨԲȦɱȥ赲һ֣ȴһ·ɵһ⣬ǰֱ̳ǾŲ
ž
ײ
Ųʱ·ɵ
ƣ
лϺȵ·ɵȻ㹻ĶȻŲ⣬ͬʱȥֱȡֵĲȥ
ֱȼٵĵˡ
أ
Ƴ޶ܷĹǿ𶯣ǲһƬأĺɳȥ
ļҹҲ
һɫĹߣǡһִӴ˷ſһӽҹȥ


413  ȫ
ҹⱻ˳¡
ս˶ĿͶ˹ȥ
лҲɫĿ£һʼڵصĸ֣ĳֲ٣人ܡ֣֣֣Ρ֡˹ͼ˹ѩսҸ֣νǸֲȴû뵽ҹȻһСõˡ
ɱ֮ڣҹⲻᱻںϵģҸֶϺȵ
֣ü٣֪ģ
ɱ֪ҴһżпġҸһӦսѩһ߻ش
˹أܵͺȵ
˹ԣ΢΢һ漴׹ܼҹǷܰҪˣ߲ʹ⻪˸

߲ʹֶ֡
ֻһ֣ͨʵؼλѣЩǰû˿ķһӾͱֶ
䣡
˱һ˲䣬涸ȻըһӰֱӴ߲ʹҲһնɱ
ѪȷУǼҹԣ߿ա
壡֣ɫ΢䡣
͵Ϯ֮˳ץҹ⣬ҪΪС
⣡
һâͻأȵֲòһ欵ӰһĲԾ˵ٶ롣
壡Ů壡
˿
ڿˡ
ͲǱѩصıԸδ֣ɳ˸ǰἫҹ⡣
ݣ
Ůӵ츳Ů֮ٶƣɾǰչʾһٶȣӲ֮ǰһץס˼ҹ⣬ͬ񻣬ȻǺһ硣
塣
壡лȵ
뼲˹аͼ˹ս̳ˣԱߣİȫ
лҲȥ
ߣ֣֣һնлȥϣ֪֮ŷ֣лȻûǱ߳ȥǳѩһն壬ͽΡ
ѩ㹻ʵͻơ
ڴΣصʱ̣ȻǰʵȥǹؼֻҪﵽʺ缶λлƾʵԿӦս
ѩټսɱѷѽ⣬Ͼġ
Х񷣡
лȥȭһǳصĺ
䣡
ѩлһȭˣһ۰ըѣͬʱһ㶣лΪʲôҪòѿڵлл
л΢΢һЦ
⵹⡣
ܹٳûãһãȻҲΪٻ׵ϾܹӦѩѩ̿Ϊ
顭
лٵĺ
ɲǼʮȭѩĺȴֻܰᣬ޻ֵĻᣬлȴǿ籩Ĺ
Ҫʲôȥ壬õҹ⣬ôȥɱѩѵϣ˻ᣬȡϵǲ̫Ц𣿡ɫŹֵĵ
ҲлľٶŪһһ㶵ġ
һʱ䶼ͷԡ
˭֪ʲô񾭣ֹؼʱ̣Ȼȥ٣õٵ꣬ҵݣҲӰҵѡġ֣Ц
ֵҲ֣Ϊʲô
аͼ˹˵лΪ˽թޱȣ⣬ǻǲҪǣἫҹĺã⡣
û֣ε
½Ŀ⼯ϡ
ǼҹѾĸ첲棬岢ûӵмҹ˼ȻΪл׼ġ
ܡ˹ءˡŮˡҲ׷׽Ŀ⼯Ǽҹ档
壬㲻ҪңкߵĻδ׷ҡͺȵ
ҪǼսĻҲûаᣬҲûƴǣ΢΢ˣѩ󣬵סѩ·
ٶȿ죬ҵҪο취ŮŮԷű߼ҹǲһ֣㽫ٶȷӵ˼ޡ
Ҳô죡˹Ц
ӵʮؼٶȷħӰͬٶȾˣһζΣһĲӰȥ
һʩչٶȣǿ硣
ֻϲ硣
ٶǰȷ޷⡣
ֵ˺Եȵлɱѩˣ𶯺˵ļл
ٶҲһǾ֤ġ
ȫʩչҲǿþˡ
˹ŮͬʱתԳֹתһЦٶ𶯺ȥ
һ֣
ΣܿɵȲˣһֻ˹أԽˣ֣ȴĴ֡
ܺ˹ͬʱ֡
߿׷͵Ϯ
Ż֡
Ϊ۸𡣡ŭȵץסһǣ߳ʴշػ
罫
ʴշչһܻףУʴշһܡ
䡭
๥棬ͳͳʴշɣȻſһɱȥ
ģǰʴǼӵսʦӳֵ˫ʴ磬ģʴշĴڣչµ³ּΣ̲ס
ʴΣա
˷׷Ӵܡ
Ҫ֪ǿǵĹں֮Ӿˡ
䣡
һڲԶը죬ǵ۽ɨȥȴлҲһȭѩɱ


414  ˭桾һ
ɱѩһ̣лԸоѩڵҪǿĶ࣬նɱѩ˵ۺϻҪĶ࣬Ũͨȭͷٵڡ
Ϊڣ³һУ൱һֵݵңԶĵطȥ
л̾ѡ
뵱ʵģȴǷתʵ±仯޷׽
Ǵ󲿷ֵлڡ
Ķ̱ǡ
ԭѾһߵƿʱƣлĶӣٵתȫ
ﵽɷ֮ÿһεǷǳѵġ
ͻһ磬ʵɱ
лڴӲʺ缶λʺ缶λǾһҲеȫʵޱȣеòľ
ڵ뷢йһ¡
ֻ˴սһַܹйоģǾܡ˹ء֣Ρ֡˹ȵǿߣҪս
һɿŵƴϼ
δһΣл˽ս
Ҫй
εƴϵƵⷽԲ׵ǵϵĻѩ޷ԶƮγһƬѩĻģǷǵҲʹƴ˵еս·ת
ÿһˣѹȵ鲻Խĵһ
㡣л
΢΢һЦ˵ĹлߣʴҲչˣʴշȥǻֵͼ˭뵽ʵӵſֲʴշˡ
ߣûôף¼ҹ⣡˹Ϻȵ
һӰɱȥҪлĻϣƾħӰٶȿνǴﵽ˼ޡ
л˫վȻ˹
ҲֹһΣл˵ʤ˹˹Ķˣ˷һڼ֧֣˹ʵνǴȵѾǲʺ缶ǶħӰ̣ڷӳĿνħӰİ塣
ٶȣ
˭צƣƣƣ
лһֻ̽ʩչȭ֮˭ǰӰûдȥǸ֮ϣʹƺƻצӵ޵
ץȥ
أ
һץס˹
أ
΢ǰӲץ顣
أ
лһӣͬͼ޵۶˽սʱΣ˹лһӸ˳ȥ
Ůּ״Ҳ
лЦһͬһץȥŮŮеס⽣ʥ
ֻץס
漴лȻһŮֲܿƵȥлһţص߳ȥ
أ
һŮŮǰߵĵɳȥʮ׵ľ룬Ѫ㱻߶عǶ
лּ֡
粽ǰ
һƺڲַѹʹ˶оһ˿Գܵʹࡣ
ɱ㣡һʥλܲס
ʥ֣ܱС
Ұĳɱȥ
ȣ
л̧һƬӰһ̣ؼΨӰӰɢʥλѾߵ·ɻȥصˤ档
ǲУлָˣһһֵ˵

̫ˣ
ٸӣҪ֪Щ˿ɶߣʥ֣ҲдĲʺ缶֣ȴȫӡ
ţ
ĸЦһٿȻʧ˵С
ʱһЩ¶ζЦ⡣
лһؼܹǱУȴٿԷĺۼ

лϺȵ̧ҽȻ¡
ˣ
Ȼһ˷лѾΪģɢһεﵽΧʮ׵ķΧڣ͸¡
أ
ھлԼ׵ĵطըѡ
˹Ȼ˳ո뿪棬ֵǰŴ򿪵ĵڶлٿȻǰ
ȭ
лһȭػ˵ǰء
أ
˲ҽһεȥ˶ǹͷѵ˱һȻĲ㱻лһȭ塣
ۼǱɡ
˭Ҫҹ⣬ܹһԡлȻ

ĿлϣͻȻ֮ǿƳǸоһ˿ĪĿ־壬Ǿּɱ˵ʵ
ҲҪ£ǿҲһˣǴ֣ɱܴȵ
֣εû֡
ǵĻܶ˶˱
ֳ
лһ˫֣ȭժ£´ϣȻóǾлսȺ۰ɣ


415  ˭桾
սȺۣ
ĸȴ͸һĳҪ֪ڳÿһǸϹŴ塢һĶжӵеٮٮߣͲЩϱˣлҪƾһ֮ǿ߽սһȥǾһμѻΪһʱǲ෹̸ʡ
ɶ֣Ρܵ˵ȴǷ̡
ķ̣
ܹлŰ裬ֱǶǵ裬οЩϰ߸֣б˸ʱ
̫ˣ
Դ󣡡
λҪˣǱָɵҵҪνɫ֮ʲô˲õġ֣һתЦ
Ҫûָ֮ɵлҲǲ֣һĵеһ
лЦСˣ
һ䣬һâȥٶ֮죬˹ŮŮ֮ϣɲǼ㵽֣εǰ
ﵽʺ缶λлӸȴǡս
δʵԽߵȻ˿ս
·ڤڤٸս֪Ϊʲôָоȴ޷סսĿ
ΣСģ־еæӽһɱ
˹ͼ˹Լ塢аĸֵͺһҲͬʱ֣ҲǶ֡
꣡
лɱ֣ȴǷһЦֵ־ʥҲܹɱļ룬ȻܹлͽһشΪǿĶ

֣ʥбָ񷣬һɿֲϵͬʱıһ˵еʮħޡǣ
ǣ꼴ΪʮǿߣħеڣݴںɽʵƥĴǴڣںɽİ֮һɫɰɽɺ졣
˶ߵĴӰֳʱ͸һɿֲѹԲʮڵ
Ϊ֣εͬ飬˺޸оȴͬˡ
һǡʮ׵ķΧڣǹεѹѹȵһӱըĲҲ̶á
ɶ˵û˿áл˵
Ȼ֡
лȴûѡٹͣǰȥͬʱǴӰȭеһĶ˭ҲӦ
˭һƵá
Ǿ޵У£˰еƣ޵Уʶܣ˱κε˵̬
лơ
˭
޵У
һһǰȥÿһһ۷壬ɵһʱƾȻٶͻƣﵽһ۷壬һһȥҲһһεĳ۷塣
ֵվ֣εǰܵѹȣɫͨ죬ȫֵļ
ˣˣˡ
лƽһ߹ȥ
˶е·һ֮ϣžǧŰپʮ׵ѩɽںϣһ̣ѩɽ
⽫׸ߵѩɽΪǺε
ǡ
εġ۶ɵķԲʮ׵Ŀռ·𶼳˱һѺ۳֡
֣εҲһ˿Ѫ
Ƴĳ޷ܡ
ѹ
ݶ
ѿգ
ն
ĴȫǿĶһͳͳʩչһʱ䣬ԲӰ˶оһڣ»⵽̫֮꣬ˡ
εʮࡣ
һƬ򣬷·һɽѹ͸ǿҵϢУԶ˵д˰о
ݶʩչĽɶ֮һ
˶˾֪ڽɶУҲǿĶ֮һһָȫγתһⲨ
ѿԶԷȴ·˺ѿռ䡣
նаصĶ˹˱ףΨնɱһ˵ꡣ
͵ϣθ潻棬Ҳеǵİ׷Χ֮ڣɼֵĿ¡
ĳȣл·δĴֵĹһ̵ѩɽӦϴݳѩɽңԶʱյĹӡϢ
ѩɽΪɽΪԣлоȭֶǱԵĿһ
ȭ
лٿȻֹͣ
̧ȭһ̣˶лһӴΰĸɽǺȻѩɽӣѩɽˣһİҲ˳
һ޵а
һبѩɽ
ϵлȭ֮ϣƽƽĻӳһȭ
һȭӰ֡
ȭͷǸǷԲ׵ġٿȻѣȭͷݿǰУ̺ȫġݶɴݻ٣ѿҲնΨնȴȭͷڣβδҲɢС
˶ȭӰػ
䣡
Ĵͬʱҽһ˷ֱĸȥ
лоΪƵ硱ȫʩչһɱȥҪȫնɱ
һ֣ʱ֣˱ɱҲɣܼΣҪõҹߣɱ
˾ʮֵʮһĶ׷׳֡
ʮȫ֡


416  ˭桾
ʮֳǹ㹻Ϊ֮ľģҪ˵ǿ⣬ܼΣһԵ˹ء
Ҫ嶯㡣Ц˶ĸ֣ȫǲʺ缶ʥλ֣ʥҲ޷ֵģлҲҪˣ֣޷ˣһע⵲סŮ֣ûʩչŲ壬ȡҹ⡣
˹صͷã
ɰգܵ
ûаգ˹ƽĵ
ȡ
ܲ㱻ˮǺû뵽˹ؾȻ˵ôһ仰ʵʴ磬ҲǷ͵ģȫԽġ
˵廢񣬾ûУҲûаա˹سΪʮδصסл
һ˵ܴΪá
Ҳ̫߿л˰ɣŤͷȥȴɫ΢䣬ȴֻлʮͬʱ⡣
лƾšƵ硱Ĳ˼ٶȣһƬзתͺһӲûһ
лÿһγ֣һ˵˱ɱ
ͺչɱ
ˣἫҹ⣬뿪ҲһĻͷ㷣̫ˣ쵽ûйԻ
ͻȻһľ֤Ψ첻ƣ
лƾſ죬ơ
̫ˣ˸޷
ָֻԵ˴ģΪ˲ҳ֣ʹܸеһˬɱ塣
˹оŲʹ⻪˸
ȻϺڰףŵ۳һɫĹٿȻɨǺǰ塣
žŹһɨɱһУ
֣һǹ̺޾һⶴ
Ҫֻɱ塣
ǵ̴ˣ
ǳֵһ̣ǵǺϤлɤ
˫̽
ĨɫĹ⻪档
죡
ֻǴ˷ʩչǽȥǻ˫֮ϣͨȭ׷ӳǿ
ٻػ
Ųػ
ŵðͬʱʩչǿұܵϱһɫľŵĹֱ˹оŲʹ⻪ֱӴԼϣұ
л˫ַ·צ
أأ
ץǱ棬ʱǱĳƣҪѵļҲǺһѪҪ
˸Ͻлһץ֮ٵӴܳȥ
ӳӺȻ
־ǵ
壡Ů壡лˣͿŮֳû壬ĵǱѾ䶫֮ϣǧµĽƣΪҪ½ϵҡ
ҹõ֮
ۼԾɲ֣лҲ˲ˣ˵ʵ±ߴϹŴҲ٣ɼȻἫҹ⣬Ǿǵˡ
лն˳һɨߵƿնȥ
޶
ߵ⹹ɵĵС

֣ն
лӸ߿ٿȻ䣬˫ȭǸԻһʱȻȥ˵ı
꣡꣡
ֵĵͬʱѡ
ǱҲĲҽŵɳȥصˤ棬վ˴˶һֿۣЦлл飬ǣ
˷뿪ѩɽ
лҪɱǣֻټһԣԸолջ
˵ҲʶȤѡ뿪
У֣Ĵˣ享ˣԽȥ˱ɱ˺Ů˳ˣı仯֮죬ҵٲһЦл֣лնɱѩپʹ˸ǡ
лܣ֣Ρܵ˶Ѿûټ
Ȼ֪лǴбɱ֮ģ»ģ֮Ǳӡ
µֻһЩûۺ񱳾ĸ֡
ǻҪս𣿡лߵ
ʼδμսʮ˷׷׺ˣֹУԶԶĹжʮ˷ɢҡ
лʥ֡
ʥ㡣һʥЦο˶Ĵؼʺ缶֣Ҿۼһ֣ƵĻᣬţǵʵһɻɱ
ʱʮ⶯ٵĻ۹ȥ
ʮԥϾлŵıִǵ̫ǿˣʥ֣ܴͬ
λҪˣҹ⣡һʥѵһɱлпı
⻰Щԥ֮¶˾ġ
ʮ˻һ
ֹлٶȸƣҪֳ


417  ҹ⡾һ
ʮ˻ƳԲȦ
ʥǰ
һɱлʥͬʱȵ
ʮһۼʮɫĶ׷״ǵıֳȥʮֵ
ΪʲôһĻأлƵ˵
еҲ
޶+ƶն
ʮֳ֣лȳ֣Ȼ֪ʮ֣ȳ֡
󶷼Ĵںϣ
ߵȺɳÿһⶼְԲΣǰ壬ߵ˴ӣԶԶȥߵ̨һ㡣

֣Ҷ˵ֵʥּ״϶Ϻȵͬʱǰһ׵ľ롣
ͬʱֵֵߵĹ󽫽ʮǿһ
ͬʱ
أ
ѣϣߵ̺ƶնЧʥֵıڵ֮
ǸΪ
꣡
Ҳ
ߵػ˵ϣǳˤȥǶʮУЩۼһĸҵĶᣬ֮ʱƽ⡣
ʮսƾۣǧֻأ
лһⱩʮսӰ죬һӴĽٿȻ֣Ƭһ˶ʱָڸ߿գٵʹֵĶٵš
Ƴ
ʥֿ
Ҫƽʱ֡
ʮսǱлöɵģԻ̬춯صȻ
䡭
ʮѣͣ
ҵĽ֮쳹ɽڣѪɣ֫ϱ۵ǣʮȫˤڵϣÿ˵϶Ѫ
ˢ
лһ¡

ȻγʱȼɫķӵðЩδ㿪ֱӱ
ɱ
лӵһΣЩܼĳ׷ɱȥ
һܼС
ɢͿʬ壬ֻ߰˻վҲΨʥû̫صơ

лӵնͿʮҵĲȻ˲佫ʥȫɱ
ߣ
ʥּ״Ƹε
ﻹͣߡ
лۿЩʮˡ
ЩŵϡﻩĶܵӰˣлųһ¶ƣ֮ɫľеĶ
óξƣݺݵعƿŻع
л֣巢ĵĴָս¸лֽϣΪսʵһлֵ֮һˣ
лЦҲϲƨ
ɫĵⲻƨижһսұ֪лֲ̫ˡ
ˣˣ˵ˡ߹ҹ͵лǰô
һû뵽Űɡлֽӹҹ⡣
ҹէȥͺһɫһ㣬ʵȴһԵĹͺܹԶһ㣬ͨɫ˸ɵĹлоɵĹݽ壬Ҫ̫ҲٵĻָ˹
棡
л̽ץҹ⡣
ƴҹһ̼䣬л͸еǰһȸС
䣡
һɫĻȻ֣лճɻҽ¶׳ħƻͭɵ˸ŹͭɫĹԡ
ǰǽӥͼ˸˸Ź⡣
ƺһǿ
ԲӲӷųɫĹ⻪ԲڵĽӥ˫չͨӲӵģ²ŵĽҲȼΨһ˫۾գֻ¶һ϶ƺʱ
һӥѣôлͽӵػ
ͬĴϹŴһ
оͼлżҹŷǰͿǽӥͼſ͡
ݣ
ҹⱻˣ
ռҹ֮лоһůĸоȫҲܿƵĵն˫ַϥϣ˫Ŀ΢գͶǽӥͼ档
һ·˸ҡ
һۣǶ֪ҹҪл벻ˣ˵ػңΪֹţһֱԣΪѩС״ѩ֪ȥɽػ˽룬ǰ֪ͨ׼˱лȫĵͶ뼫ҹøС
Ҳ֪ǷҹԵʣлȫ񶼱һǣţǸͼС
һ̣л·Ϊҹ⡣
ȥҹͽӥı仯


418  ҹ⡾
һĿռ䡣
ؼֻһǾǽӥͷ죬̤أƳΪƬصףлǰͼһ޶ֻȼŵĽ͸࣬ɢϢأ¶ȸߡ
лľ뼫ҹֿ
ĿǼҹ⻷ڽӥΧഥʱһӴ
žͿҹɢ
ȡ֮һݵӴ·ϵעӥͼڣʹýӥӵİ磬ǽӥŵµһĽͺҲעƵġ
лܻɣǷйԡ
Ҫ֪ӥɻΪػްĴڣѹֻӵзҷǳµķͬ׻ȸĴһ㣬ǴӲģǵ򲻵ѲŻṥʶĴϹŴػֻܱǵİȫǰĽӥȻڲͬ
лնɱĴϹŴĸ֣ǰֻһ⻷Ĵ޵ΣȴûĴ޵
ӥȴǽŲȽ͡
֮ǰлҲû⣬ÿǽӥǽģҵõĴ޵ķȴоǽ;Ȼкͽӥһ㣬עĸоŲ뷨
뷨ȴ޵ķʸ
棬Ϳǽӥ˫ȫչͨĹâֻǸһѵоǽӥŲȵĽ͸ӵоǽӥ۾
ԭǰհ뿪
յöֻ࣬һ϶
ȴǴĲͬƤͲôһ㣬ӥȫ۾Ǿζѡ
ûѡеʧĵ
ЦѾܲˣҪ֪ӥɲĴޣӵǰֲǽģҪȻҪ̵Ķࡣһ٣ЦܸоӥĴ޷ӡͬ
ȷʵˣҲоˡͷ鿴Ĵ޵ػһЩϣ֣Ĵ޵ػȻһ㣬ʵ϶ûԣҲӥӵֽͣһɣӥӦһġ
ŶȻô
ҲֻҵĲ²⣬ǲģҿɲҶ϶
֪ˣ˵ɡߴٵ
ңǰֹʮλǿߣһоħ޵ĿľҪĴػһҲûгɹǻһЩɹойĴ޵˵˵ĴǱӡģҲģĴ֤ʵģǻһԣǾħܹΪսʼĴڡ
ԾĵħҲԽΪսʼ
ͷô˵أ˵ħ޽Ϊսʼֻ˵ħ޽ΪػħޣҲӥĴڣԽΪսʼʱתΪµֻƬнĴػ֮ԴĴȥһ٣˵νȥĴʵֻ߰ǧ꣬һ꣬Ĵ޶Ѿ꣬͸ȥģȴû˵Ƕһλεģģܹ֮ΪӡӡǡǡתΪػ
ô˵Ĵ޵ػģ
ͷ
һתԽΪսʼ˵
ͷ
΢΢һͷҺͿˣ
ҡ屻仰Ĳιȥ
һˣӥתΪսʼĴڡЦ˵
лĻ϶֪ʵˣǹģŮϲˡ
һشٱҭһ¡
Ŀżҹӥı仯лľҲ뿪磬ܸоӥԼȫѹδһҪлʦ˵
뿪ӥڵռ䣬лľع顣
ʱȴͻȻһɫĹ߽ǽɫ߾Ȼ뼫ҹ˵ƣ·Ǽҹһ
㣿
л͸еڣڣܲͺԼһشΣʱΣ
лĺеĴڡ
֮ǰΪڴʹлѩ˵Ƕһ˿ҹǼڣԺ˵ãԼõʲôһ֣㲻κ飬ܹʵҲ̫˰ɣοܴԼ벻Ļ
Ҫ֪ٱںϣҪ˽ĸ͸϶Կ
ȥһۣ


419  ϰһ
ԼŵΣգͺâڱл˵Ĳ֮ǰһֱæҲΪв࣬Ѿʺ缶λ磬ʥҲֻһ֮ңСҪ̫µġ
лһ¡
νںϵô¡
ʱаĴڣＴڴֵģڴͨУܹ벻ķ֣ĵǣ֪⣬Ͼǵˣʵǿĵˡ
˼ȥлԾ˾
̽
ηηԼľȣԺгɾͣ˵䶯졢֣˱ƴٶˡ
Ȼڡ
ոյд̾һ·Ҫʲôͬѩ˴Լһּҹһɳĺ⣬ҪΪǿлһʱ뵽㣬ƺµĽ·ɻелǳ׺ͣжԣлӰ졣
֣ôоеϤأлĵ·ʲôط
һʱ䣬ȴ벻
Ȼ谭ĵֵлС
з·һͨңԶطʱΧʰ쵵ĹʣѤޱȡ
ֻעȴܶ඼ġ
ϵĳлƫƫһȴصֵסȻ࣬ȴˡ
ˣ
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а飡
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431  ع⡾һ
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Ǵ棬һӰƮȻɳգźԺһЦл¹⿴ˡ
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ȻǺʥ̵Ĺ˿ͣлҲйһЩԹģһ޵۶ŮϷлܣ³ǲҰܣּˣл޷ʵ˿ȴѾؼλľ硣
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㣬ҪܹϢɱ˿Ȼãɹ˿Ѿﵽؼλ磬Ҫ֪ĸɵһлȫָҲûʮգ͵Ϯ棬ѩȻʺϣֻȥ
ӹ˿͵ĻУӦȥǰƿǸСռƣֻܱá
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Լܼ֮ҽںԺѲߵĻԺˣŵĽԺڡ
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̤С¥һ˲䣬лٿȻ֣ͳبڹܼҵĲ棬𶯣Ȼ㣡


432  ع⡾
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𣬱𶯣ᣬᣬԼˡܼҼæ˵
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ܼʹĶͷǺˮ嶼΢ĲҡҡͷʾᷢлŴĿóƲ
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ҡܼһתСԸģ뿪첻ҽķԸ
лһ̣ݳһ˿Ц˼ô˵ǹ˿أ
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ܼҵûУСƾʧһ˭ҲҲټҺʥ̽ׯ԰ΪģԲڶûз֣١˿˵Сֻ˵ˣµġ
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лӵĶͨȻΪܵƣΧޣȴҲƾĶͨоյ뿪ׯ԰
ѩոյһֵͿӰݡ
ȴǹ˿Ÿֳׯ԰ڣлкգﻹҾٵıȥǸطǰʥ̵˾Ӷ࣬ΪȫûסջһһķϵլԺѩ
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433  ֮ϲһ
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лҲһ뷨ǾδһȦס
ԻŸӵ飬Ὺʼһ죬лѩУǰѾռһңҲǲڴڱϳ
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ŽлͿһɫͷɫ۾߱Ƥܰ׵˧缶Ӵ߽Իʽһɫŵ롣
˻ǶడмöѣȻЩһЩϹŴܾݵ˶ˡ˶ˣĿӹһЩˣɵüëЩȻ˵еһˣֻҪҰ³ͷ۰ͷۡ
Ҳ˰˵㲻ǵıʥ̱ôܳˣһӿɵôЦ
һۣĵ˵Բ󳼵һЩΪܲʹ찡㲻ֵĴڼܳͲ±Ϊ˽ͨʥ̣תƲƲųն
ɫ΢䣬ٺЦ˵ǻɱҲҪʥ̼ӵģ󹫾һңȻͰʥߵô±ʥ𣿡
ߣǻûǸͣЦ
ҿδءЦҿ˵Ǹлĳ֣Ѿˡ
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ЦȻ
˿ʹ˴߽޻أƾһϲ̨СҲʸǺʥ˵ǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
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ʥΣ˿¹˿ͣ˵Ǻʥ̳Ĵʮ˼ҵĳȻɹҸ֣ȴʮֵǳȴߣǺʥ̵
Ĵʮ֣һ˾ܽǼ㻹Ű衣˿ĵ
ƲĴʮмǺʥ̵أ֪ʥֻһʮɣ̹ӢҲֻλȴܶĴʮˡֱԣǺʥ̿ҲΪĳһ߹˰ɣ˿Ҳֻ߹Ӱˣ

⻰̼Ĺ˿Ϳɱ
ڵлŻȻ
ԭ͸ǿ񣬲֪©Ϣʥ֪֮Ĵʮֽɱʮֵۣȴ˶ߣгԭ
лûɵ뵽Ǹܼҡ
˱ʥΪӪׯ԰ʮ꣬Ҫ˵崫ϢȥҲ̫ܡ
ɴ˿ɼǹܼҵ
ȴҪаʥֵ֧Ļᣬй˿Ϊ׵ĺʥҲҪᣬҪõѲС
ۿŻָʵĶǰȴܵõǸоͺèƵģлɵһü˼βܵ֡
Ǻǣ˿ͣǸʸ𣿡ЦԵĴҲ۶Ź˿ͣһס˱һԲɣε˼
˿ߵҲɷڡ
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лʩչĶͨܵ
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һףǿĸңﲻ͹˿ڵĹڵ֮£ֻþ䣬ĿǰʽǺް취
ջĶͨȴһע⣬Ű£˵߳񣬻᲻享֣ǺߴϹżע⣿
߳лͷһڹڵ˾߳һߴϹŴûϵ


434  ֮ϲ
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лͷֹᣬǵȻʲôأлһʱͷԡ
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ȻȻĵһӦǹŰˣ˷ˣҪĿһǼҹ⣬ڱлõȻҪڶĿɣĿ궼޷ɵĻ»ȥǾͳߵĴˣпӰԺķչ
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ŰЦ˭뵽ǣ享һˣ뵽Щǲһµأǻ뵽֣һǿأοڰһЩǸ϶֣ǿΪӲ뵽ǵģʵҲ뿴ܲл
Ȼлʲôϵ
ٺ٣ϵ治СǻԸõѡûлߵôͨ裬£ңȻǲŹġŰЦ
лһ
ΪԼᾺްлԼıӣѵҺɫ
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˵˺жԭеܵĴڣÿһʱˮУϢҲˣʷȻҲȴûռʷ϶ݣ޷ڴ½ʷϳɾ
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435  ֮ϲ
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л
ħóܹа֮࣬ле㵣ģǱߣǿҪˡ
ʮң
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ʮ򣡡

۴˷Ǽ۸ȴ죬ֻÿһΪģɴ˿ɼ֮ѪΪʱ̫ãʹ˶֮ѪûǰлϣģϾû̫Ľҿɹġ
лĶͨӵޡ
ڵͳͳĴÿһǰĸھǷ֮ѪִǾ۸лҲϣȻǵĿ궼Ǵ˴ѹƷ֮ѪΪƷΪڶƷⷴѹƷ˼Ȥʲôأ
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ظƿӣлռָƷԣش

еĺѩʥƷ
õⲨܣɱķĵطӵбԼʵĻһжǼٵġ
ʣԶԶ㡣
ָоƣ֪䣬ָʵĶȴּĻᶼûС
Ʊ˰ɡ
ڶƷشҶ֪ˡʦЦǺǵ˵Ŀӹ͹˿ڵĹңǾǳ񣬴һ˽ģȷȷʵʵǳ񣬿ԶԻԵżذٶȣܸıһ˵ʣֻһ覴ãΪʮǿߵѪմȾоһǱԵģЧԽһЩǲļֵ׼ۡһң
ͼ۱лһҪ˵ĳ嶯
ֻһң֮ѪѴʮңֻʣ¼ʮңĵʸ񶼱ˡ
ֻܵԹߡ
ߣȴ޷ȥӵУζˬ


436  ܡһ
񱨼۰ң
һ˵ֻ֣һڱ˱ͣ˾ǰߵвǻԵǿߣȴҲû˶Ľң⻹㣬ҪǣҲҪɵ˿ͺͻ
ң
ʦ۸һ̣˿̱ۡ
һμӼһңٴ˸еԳڱص֮ƣ֮ˣ˵ļֵΪ˺ʥ̵棬Ҳ뾺ۣл˵ˡ
ǺʥĴʮ֣˵Ĵۣˣֱߣû˵Ǿǳ衣
ң
лֻܾıſֵ̬Ϊǻ۵ģ˭֪ڵҲ˱˾˵ļ۸񣬼˾
Ķ߸Ǵڵ
ҪҲմְɣ۸ƵߣҲܶõ㡣һ̲סڵ
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ŰֻӦһ
лֹѹƷĳϵɣ͸עˣֹǸɵʲôʥǲ顣
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תۼѾߴң
˵ֵܸߣɱϾüϡݣһЩϹŴҲЩģԼֵ棬˵ܴ˵СҲСǼ۸ﵽңȷʵ㹻˵ġ
˰ң
ʱʼδڱ۵Ļڼ˾УһԵҡ
ڶʱһƬ
ǿǮ
лҲǸпѣЩ˵Ǹɵйģ˼۸񣬶˵Ǻģǰ֮۸ˡ
˰ʮң˿ߵ
ЦǺǵĵ֣ʥ˺ʮ꣬۵ĲƸһ۹գСȻֻӼʮңѲɹޣ޷һЩҲɣ
ߣõ˵ɣ˿Ц
һǧң
һ۸񱨳һƬ
ʦԾĵɴ۾ʵ͵õļ۸պܿҪѹƷļ۸ģΪغʥ̵棬ʦûȥľߣĿʼڻ͹˿ڵĹڡ
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л֪һУлףһɣǱͼ̾ͻһһħֻ꣬ǳ΢Ҳûʶû
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ħ޿˵ǻסһġ
Ƶɫ棬ȴҪһǿһ޽ӽĺ̵Ӱ
ΪϣԻմȾԣ֮ԣоĪ飬ʶħ޵ԷֲģҲǿġ

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ʶһ°ɡл˫ǰ任ƣڰУ˫ּ䣬ӶľڸлΪħɣ
Ϊһ˶ĹС
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ЦеĵǺð찡ȡ־ˣԺҲʷһ׺֡
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лס𡢽ԵʥΪϣΪϣΪʥеߣͽСϽɣ


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;ҲһЩţӶֿܵһӶţл˺֤ĳӰȫҲõе̻С϶ĸлͬһ
Ҳڽ޵۹ĵڶ죬ͨǼҵ鱨õϢ享֣սʮʮΧʥ̣Ž͹Ӣָ£ҡܼҡżҵߴˣ⻹иڵȫΧˡ
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㣿Ҳˣлֹ屻аȡڸһǲˡ
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ͬʱɳһսǧ˸ţǰֹǰȥӪȡ
ҵ߸Ҫˡл鱨ٵ
Цҵģ˲֧ǵģĶҪΪǵΪۡóһ鱨ݸлսǵģп۽ͨǵ鱨ݹģ۽ܻǸ
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лǾҪ䶯֣ˣʼûвսǵ飬Ȼͼ
һл磬ɻԽԽ˰˵ȷͼǴ鱨óĽǣǺܻܿ޵۶
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лɴ۾֪лˣ


466  ϶
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ǵģ϶֪лݲͬ϶æµģлǡҪ޵۶һʱ䣬϶Ҳ鷳лġ϶ͷ
ˣͳ磬лܲôεεŮ˸в˰ɡлЦҸ飬Ҫ뱣֤̻Ĳ˥õİ취Ϊɽã̻ͻǼҵıǩ˭Ҳˡ
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϶޵¼һĵһƺʥǷߵñȽϽв֣ߵúܽ
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лԺиһŮ˵Ӱͼ޵۶Ĵ½棬ֶƻ˵ˡ
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л۾һ˸ܹ̿͵ľֻд̿ͼԼҺʹ̿īˣڵ֣ԼѾʼжˡ
֪ľЩˡ϶
Ѿܶˣ൱һҲ֪ġлмл϶С֧ˡ
϶л̫ˣԺ϶Ҫл籣أæʲô
ǵǣԺµʱ䳤ءлЦ϶С޵۶ˣ϶кܶҪ϶Сæġ
϶һȫԸ϶̬һл磬Ҳ϶Сģ谡һ϶ɡ
лͷӦ
϶뿪ˡ
϶лֱķ䣬㣬㷽ܵôʲôйɡ
ʲôǾҪм䲻ͣˣֻǳȥһЩ·ϵƷˡеĵͷʰ
лһƨԱߣ㣬϶ô֪ҵݵģ
ߣ⻹ǹ㣬˭ܰͷôŮ˶㵱˰ӣ϶ǶݵúܣоĻȻ΢ıһò㶯ĵŮ˵۾ءյĵ
Ȼˡ
л۵϶˵ġ
϶ǲ˵ˣһʱżˣȻԼ˵©ˣٺ٣һ¡
ߡлһץס壬Լϣ̧¡ϴһƣй¶ݵĳͷ
һƴһǵлаֱϳ塣
ѽʹеɻŶܵܣˣԺ󲻸ˣòá
лȷʵš
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467  һȺһ
не֮࣬ҲһԵ˷ܴĵ״лЩףصĺԼŻȵƴĸоһز
Ȼһ˿ͷ
ָŤƺҪȥĸζ
㡣лɬһҺ
š
ĴӦһелͣȴΰм们ȥɵñˣͬʱС䴫һһ˿ҡ

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лȻؿ
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лһĨʧ֮ɫðɣȻȥ
лȥıӰͻȻоԼʹ·олһ˿ʧǰӺһӱסлıϣ޲壬ߣҺ𡣡
ģлϲת
һֻۣû˵ɱŶ׼˼룬ϢʱҲ׼ҡ
л
ɵϡ庬ߴӵлԼĴϣ˯ģ׼ҶŶţҿ㣬㲻ҡ
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һҹ컣δ꣬ȴʤꡣ
һ磬϶ûٳ֣лģȣúܶ˲Ŀۿ
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һǣ̻ı־Բδ顣
޵۶ֱ̻ܲ
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϶ع飬Ȼ˳ӭӡ
лżʶ̻ĸԣׯ԰ڵһа趼൱ݻģԺһԺ䣬ׯ԰λãеԺӶ䱣ΧһЩʥԱ
лвŷ֣ﾹȻֻŮˣûһˣѯ֮󣬲֪϶סлǵһˡ
л磬Ժסɡ϶ָԺΨһ¥һС¥ܾ£ΧĻˣ̨ͤ¥Сӻƣһ羰ʤƵأ¥ܹ䷿һһ䣬һ¥Ůס
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϶΢΢ͷɷ˱ǰԺδ洫̸ۡ
˹УԺĲҵˣԺҪչǴҰ˵
һ𣬡ģ̻ԺҵˣǮ֮Ǽһ͸Ǽˡ
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ֱһȺ
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϶Ц˹峤Ķӣ޵۶һӣ̣Ů˶֪ж٣˹ʵΣҹùеǿ߱ҳأ̻ûǿߣѾ˹޵¼ϵķˡ
˹壬һʵ޵۹ؼҲļ壬ȻǼǿ߲λɲؼһλʮǿߴڡ
˼лյǰֵһᡣ

ŭŭ
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ڶʱһľҪ֪ǼƷŮҪһŮҪߣֻлһ㣬վκεط˺Ⱥĸо͵ĳŮ
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468  һȺ
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ܹʮˣȫǽۼһɫף΢ЩݣһǱɫͿӵġ
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ȻЩӵܶһƳɵˣǿ˵޵۶İ˭ҵǣͻȻ򣬷һʱûзӦ
ѽѽˡ˹˫ҽе
Ŀˣղ˭ʴʵģվ
ңôˣȻҸʮԶ֣òͷǲǣ֪˭𣿡һվ
Ҵľǡ̧־һơ
մġ
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϶̻ǲţҡΣЩӵںˣһ˸ǵָ϶ǳ
лһԾ׵ľ룬һץס˴˵ָһšצӺ࣬Ҫָ

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Ϊ޵۶Ů֮һ϶һֱ޵¼޲Ů׷ڣԴ֮󣬸ܶ˵Ŀⶼе϶ϣ֮޵ݱܶ˲룬϶ȴûбϣʶ׷߸࣬ҶЩ
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϶᳤ˡһٶŻĴӹ壬ϴһЩ䣬Ц߹þò϶᳤֪ܷһӵأԽҵ˼֮ࡣ
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Ҫ֪ӿӲ鿨׾˾ˣ޵۹ĶȺλ磬˸Ҷˡ
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469  һȺ
˵Ŀ⣬л˫ֵȻЩڵϵĹǣһȺ
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ʱ˿̣˵ĿⶼелϣҲȻܣȫǷ
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473  ֡һ
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475  ֡
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λƷԵ޹ʵ
أ˹ǿߣȻлһǶ⣬л̫̫˰ɡ
֣ȷһûо壬һĨϲ֮ɫ
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յԿϲ֮ɫ˷ܵصлٶȸҵĶ֣ܹһǶ⣬ȻƾٶȣҵٶԶԶȻҲԣ̤׷ȻǿҺֱƴٶȵģٺ٣̫ˣ̫ˣлٶʤһɱлȻȡ֮ʢˣ


481  ⡾
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ΪðһУɹ͵Ϯ֣ͱŶֵһ˿ȱľٴֺϵơ
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ǰлˡ϶Ҳرסл
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˷أлʵ
Ұɫʱлһ³ѲĻа취㣿


482  ѡһ
վҰ˫ֵɫصڣҹɫµĸۡ˱ɱˣǸսԸʩչѻĽƺµõһܹ˵㣬Ҵˣ˵ûнݻȴ֪ΪսҪʩչѻʱ˵Ѿɢˡ
лҲһ
ĻֻһȻѰҿ˱ԣʵڼ򵥲ֻҪ˴ȥԡ
»ѰˡлЦ
ΪˣߴϹŴڣȫ˶֣󣬽ɱԱֱڶûһˣжϣҪȥĻôͿܶ÷ħޣ͵󣬵ҲпûУΪϵ̫ش󣬹غ˵δǲʲô˴ŵģҲпûдݳȥģȴ֪Ұ̾ҲˣҪһڽҡܼҵ˹߸
ǲȵİ취Ҳһ塣
лû߸壬һˣҲȷԷˣǰ˵Σ
ҰЦ±ǼҪǿ
Ǿ͸˲ִ½ˡлжϣҰ˵е˵ǿ󣬡ǲ֣º룬һ⣬õǸĻǿ̲ʾû£һǷֳʤʧ֮ٶ̵֣
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лЦԭˣѹһ޵۶⣬Һ䶯졢֣ˡ
ǿİ˴ϹŴ֣˵ǿҲ޷ֿģϾÿһǣҡҶҪǿһЩνˣֿɰ˹йǡ
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ڶ壬ϷɽԼѩصĸ֣Ǻв˴ϹŴ壬ֿ֣ԱлᱻСӴܻѣΪЩС
󾭹̸лҰ֪˷ǰֻ治٣Ƕ˵ˣǽʮˣûʮǸЭ飬Ͼʹʥǹؼʹʥǰɱϡﻩģ˭ûкô
ͬģ䶯졢֣췽Ҳ൱ֵ
޵۶һ֣˵޵۶һĴڡ
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ӶӦȥ
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ӶҽүĻǰ뿪ˡ
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483  ѡ񡾶
һҹ޻
գлһҰ˿ʼ̽޵۶ľƣлҲҴӸĻҰϣܹõһЩҰҲûʲô˼
̸УǵĻȻıתƵʮӲ³˵ϡ
³˵ı֣ǶЩӡ󣬿Ҫ¶ϿҪһ̣֤³˵Ρ
Ҽ˵ܹƽƽб룬ƴᣬлȻ׵Ľϣڲ³˵ϡ
³˵Ϻ١϶һЩлǰ̻ռ鱨ʥ鱨ռ鱨ڲ³˵Ķ٣ۺǺͨûһɫĵط
лӹϣԵĿһۣһԡ
ʲôоҰʵ
ղ³˵ı֣ԲǱ˵ڰջᣬԼݣ֪ˣһˣе鱨УȴʾͨĲͨٺ٣˼лЦеĵֻֿܣһ֣³˶أⷽ˵뻯ĵزûǸƭˣˣ³˾һ
һֿأҰЦ
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ҰΪУ׷뿪ˡ
Ȼ˷ǰֳ֣һӶλ޵۶ķֲڣвס̻ܲ
һ൱ʥ֣ױ̻ĸ֡
˵ؿ˵޵۶ʵǿĵط֮һˡ
л̻֣Ծ϶϶˷ܲѣҲеޱȵİȫǰ˯ǲ̤ʵڵÿζ˯ĺ㣬͵͵ĿллĿ˼С˵ģҲ֪Щʲô
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ʱ俴ҲǾ˼ǵġлǷһ˿Ц⣬ʱȥ֮󣬲³˲򵥰
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ԶԶȥ³˵ĳͨҲͨէһһͨˣ˶ѱһϳһ֡
³˼л֡³һڣԵ̬ʾˣûнνʼݵһ¡
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벼³һǰվڿ⣬ûһ˽ʾлľΡ
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л֡³˻شҶҳĿĶ֪һ㣬Ҳ֪˵ҪõҵϿɣ֧ĳһλӳΪ޵۹λʵۣҲ³˲ţԼôһ
ŶлЦ̹װ
³˵ĵбҪ𣿡
ͷл˵ûȷûбҪʵҺж𣿡
ԼĴˣлܷĶ֣ҾͲ֪ˡ³˺ŵĻش
ΪʲôҪҺ
ΪҰĵˣҲµµΪ
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ԱŴЩֵܵģ
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޵۶ʮǳأҵõŸֲ֧֣鿨ʮ֧֣Լ֮࣬һӰֻоʮˣд󹫾ˣʮˣҵõ֧֣ģûд󹫾֧֣ĸȴҸ谮ӣҲǣռƣĻʵۼ̳ˣȻϿɣҲҪ󸸻ʵ
Ų³˵ĻشлԵͷ˵ȷ򵥣Ȼзչ˶ȴ֪
Ϊ³ѣǶûкôٲľأõл֧֣żѡ
ãȻȥɡлڣҸ𸴡
³ǡ
ȥ˱˴һۣЦҿ³˲򵥡
Ҳол
϶ȴֵĵ˵Ķ𣿰пô壬֪Ҳ̫˵ɣ
źĸйأ֪޻ʵۿǺܺɫģ³˵䣬ĸ϶ҲСˣȻ޻ʵ谮ģĸȫ԰õһЩֵ֧ġ
ĸܳ裿лüͷһ壬ее㲻Ծ޻ʵۺɫȻ󹬼϶кܶòŮˣȻĸ˼ʲôŮ˾Ȼôܳ裬Ļʵۡ


484  ʥһ
˵ʵȻЩƫȫ޻ʵǸ͵ĺɫ֮ͽȴ϶˵ġ
λʵ۵͵ϲɡ
һʵۣȻһѾ˶ӣ䲻СŮˣԾǳмӣ
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϶ûУʹڵ飬ҹù˵ǧҪ㣬ֻżùᵽʮӲ³˵ĸƺȷǺܻʵ۳ңһӦġ
ԽԽѰζлü
ôģʵ
лҡҡͷûлش𣬶ҵҰҰ֪˷ǰУһҵǷԵģְҵҲǵлλʮӲ³ˡ
һָֻ˰
֮ôлҲҪһ²³˵Ļ˳һ²³˵ĸΪе򵥡
죬лѩɽͼչˡ
֮ѡչأΪл֪޵۶ΣգΨпٵԼʵܹܹڼĿΣУҲʥıԵ˻һ¡
һ˼ǽսĵܽһ£һٰԼʥ˳ѩɽͼ
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ĶԾһ˲ĸ뿭˹ĶԾڱ׶εķصĽ֣޿ܵ£һǶ⡣
治ϵرл䡣
ȥ˼ʱܵı仯˼ΪʲôѡǰٶǷиõȵȣһһεĵöлĺУеޱȵĳʵ
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ĶҲ֮ת
һ֡
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⼫ǿ֮£лǿµĶȻҲˣ潥ر͸һ˿˿ĶתУ·̺һڣÿתһȦͻһ֡
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ˢ
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лһĵѰӲʺ缶ʥȻһԽżѾȥˣٺ٣ǵҪ֪ҵˣǳȹӣ¶ƨɣǡ
ʥлޱȵĿܡ
˵ɷʼÿһȼǳѣɷؼӴؼʺ缶൱ѵģлоѼʮ¶޷ʹӲʺ缶ʥѶȡ
ҲͱʾΪʲôʵԽǿԽ١
ʺ缶ʥʮ౶ʥĸ֮٣˵ֻҪΪһš
лһ壬еȫò
˴սһй
лһϣһϵʱʥľ磬ǿȶ
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ѩɽ򣬱ţȴԾл޵ĽӽȭʽԽʱһʦҶһһȫµĶ󣬸ֲ϶ǸѾˣھͲֲһ㡣
лչѩɽͼǽ棬ǰ棬عţȥĺҲ𽥸ֵѩɽо
Ҳ֪ǹȥһСʱһ졣
лʼûжֺôĹۿѩɽͼȫģȥ
ģѩɽͼлУˣΪʵһ㡣
ҶͽʵѩɽһĻٴγлУҲԽʱսޣǧǰҶ岢Уѩɽȥ


485  ʥ
յһٶ֡
ǧǰҶͽʵѩɽҲлѩɽһǧ꣬ҷȻ෴ˣ·лУȫںˡ
һ̣Ҷ塣
¸Ҷһ̵ѩɽĸָо˵·һ㡣
һ˿˿ĺѩɽͼͷų
ѩɽͼһԼΪۣӺīĵҶѩеɽں˵ȫʱһڶ뵽Ул֪ܹоǻе̬
Ҷж
ΪеĸжеִţϧΪۣһһڹͣӴľҲԶȥ
ĸж
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лѩɽʱһĶһһж۵лһлԺлڵĺɫƣһصĻлԺС
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ˢ
Ҳ֪ʱӺεأһָʳлУ˶״̬УȻվűѩɽͼǰʱǻٵٶޱȣû˿ͣ͡
ȣ˱ѩɽͼٵʣµĽֳһȫµĻ棬ѩͼγһĻûԵͻأлδѧ滭ľȻ뵱һĲ£˵кϣͺһǧˣΪ֪ͬһĻһ
δһ̣лжԼ˳
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ָоǿңͬʵһ㡣
Ҳľȫлϵںܵһ֣ԶԣĸлİҶ峨ģеʵһУ˶޷ݵĺô
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ͬʱ̻ĵ£һ׵ĵ¿ռڣһŲ֪ߣ˿ش·ʧľڿٵķƵҲĥƽˣޱȵĹ⻪ֻͷԾѩɫģǽյ˫Ŀ
·һ
Ļع飬ߵųһɾ˵ƣ׿лڵķ䣬˭˭Ѽʧȥȫң˭¹˭ҵľ񵽴ǧǰ˭ѩɽ壬˭Ҹж˵ţ۽ȴˮ
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ˡ
Ҳת˹
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صһˣ


486  ʥ
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496  
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϶˵һ˵ʶʸߣɴҿٴνþһꣻʵߣܴﵽʥҲ޷þˡ
ɣô̬
һ˵ֱð⣬š
϶ûЦɣлʵҲе㻳ɣʵҲ̫˰ɣҪ֪ųٶ֮ˣӳʼʥλ磬Ҳ࣬⻹Ϊ֮ǰһֱʮ壬µļʵĻ϶ȻֻҪ£ҲʥǶκһִﵽϵĳش
ȴ˵İ϶˵
лһۣЦѹֵʷΪһʱɧʵ
ǻǿ߰ɣ̫ˣƵĵҿ˽ʮ꣬ڻֻǲʺ缶λԾûͻһ谭ĸо϶ȴֻҪ¾ͿԴﵽܲ
л粻Ҫ߰϶þˣȻ޷ƿУܹýлﶺʱء϶Цʱ䣬ԣͨռֱӾȡԪˮģһ죬ʿɴ֮ޣɸı츳Ժλʮ벻İ
ģ
лͬʱϲ
˻˻
צĵɴ۾ˣƺܲ˾Ȼɼ˵ĻҪѵǡ
ĻǴþ˵벻ðл޸п˵
û֮󣬻ǸıǺ享ֵ֣ĴûᣡҲͷͬлĿ
Ҫ֪һԴɷ֮ÿһ󾳽ǷǳѵģлӲʺ缶λʥλսһжһεĶ򣬿ɼѶ֮
츳ҲǴﵽʺ缶λ൱ʱˣΪֹͻƵĸоûУҪ˵ͻˡ
ôʥλλĿԽأ
λʮ谭أ˵һǧһ˵ĸʣﵽλǿܹмˣͨգȴǶδʮżİл䶯졢֣ȻҲһ࣬ռݶƣõİ취ȻͻƵĽ׶ͻơ
лˣأ
϶һͻߵľ磬þôȫͨǸһЩ츳󾳽ͻƵʱн̵ʱͻơ
Ļ츳ߵıꡢ۽ܡ衢ȫ̵ʱͻƣӶӼսȵʹʥع飬˵һȺһѾܹЩϱ￹⣬ϱʵ࣬һԷֳɳôԽռƵģ
϶βܹþлʵ
϶ŵĵֻҪҵѪˣҪҵѪþڲǺѡ


498  ϲ
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л޵۹֮ľϲҪսơ϶Ҫľϲ
һþпܳΪıսֵƣ
ǴҶ˰ɣлȻת˫ĿĶڳи֣ϣþ֮£ǲҪȥ׽Ҳ˵
һʥлٷİɣǾᴫ˵ģһҵȱȻܣ
ԣ˵
⽫ǻʤϣڣǾᴫȥģ
Ŀӹÿһ˵ףлҲ֪Ƕʥǲģÿһķ޶
ɾˣԾҪԴ
þʵ̫Ǳ¶ǱȻᱻ享֣뾡취ݻٵģֽݻ١
Ҳ֪λģǣ̫󣬹ϵ̫һҪ˵һ¡л˵䣬ӿһƣѹȵ˶еһϢ˫Ŀ˸ź⣬˭Ҫǽ´ˣ׽ˣûҵͬ⣬ҲԱ۴Ϣ
ҵй¶ܣԸܷʥ
лͷãھͿԸλÿһ˶ٻһλһĻᣬ츳Ժ󻹻лģ
ЩЩɵ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ǶԣȻʲȽʥǲ֪ж˵˵츳ߵûмҲа˾ǧ˵ģÿҲҪֵܶ꣬ǣлŵÿһ죬Ȼ⾪ϲ
ˣǻȥɣҰǰ˵ҺȥΪʲôһȥԸҰǰɡлԸ
Щ˱뿪
֮϶㽫ɽ¹رա
Ҳ޷ҵɽڵĴڣΨѪſԿ˵Էǲõĵġ
㣬л磬ҽɡ϶ֱַץסл壬Ȼ˫΢գ촽΢ƺǰȥ
˾͸е·һ֮ˮϴһƵأԽ͸谭þڣ϶ֽ
վڴлܿȥ
þҪȻǼׯ԰ڵĿռСʮ౶ռԼƽ׵ӡ
Ԫ֮ŨأҪǸׯ԰ڶʮ౶һлܸеһԪȫеޱȵͨ͸泩˵·ڵһЩʶϴɾˡ
˴ĽҲǳĶ
̨ͤ¥䣬Сʻʢ۲ݱأľдУһЩϡеĿɰħĴˣҲ࣬ܺĵɴ۾ţ𲻸ߣȴ·ˣ
϶˴Ǹͤڡ
ʯһš
żݾһУлĶһ֮󣬲֪жôǿ
֪Ǽׯ԰ڵĿռСλǼ滨ʱƵģǸҪʮ౶þȴֻǼŻѼ¾ɵĿ
˵Чˡ
ҪõĻڹֵǼֵĻ°빦Ҫһǧݣ˵һգһǧ죬Ҳǽʱ䣬֪Чжðɡ
ԣıʺٶȣǸıһ˵츳뵱ҵõı֮ͬֵܾڣľɵľһľ֮Ӳľ֮ϣ˼ʸ԰ֵ滨ݣɽ綾ﾹȻһڽΪ̻ΣʱʹáлЦǰĻܵ
ǰ̫ܵˡЦľıľǴδ˵ƷְȻΪľ滳ǲǼǰʹĳֶľģΪľǴļʸأ
лпܡ
˵ţڵλá
ν־һƬС֣İٶõľѣЩľÿһö׸ߣִ˾ףɱֱû˿ȫͬʸлһ£֣Щľܹĳɵûˣ⻹ֻĵطĺųӲľأ
Խ֣˺滨ݵ콡԰ڡ
ɫĻɢ˵ܰ㡣
ÿһֻݶǼ亱ģлֵܹҲֻ֣оѾĻŵõƷ˿ֻǵõδģİ˿ȴ޵Ľӽ쾳ˡ
仰˵л޳ҩָﵽκξ綾ҩָˣ


499  ϲ
ҩָԴӴľ֪Ϊֹû˽߾磬ﵽĳ̶ȡ
лӽɹһ
˵ľԣҩָﵽ۷ʱһν綾ֻҪлھͻԶԣЩʷνĲ֮ҲԱģκξ綾в
֮⣬ľƶϣҩָɹһֶʲôĶͲ̫ˡ
ô滨ݣȫ㹻ɻҩָɹģԺҺŪЩ綾Ҳηˡ˷ܵص
лҲǼ
Դҩָͼ޵۶½汩¶֮󣬾Ҳû˶ö˼ҲȻǲԵģ˼֪ӵҩָ׾öҲòŻġ
ǲζŶԷö
ϾҩָδйɾĴ˵˼ҪܹóһЩϡеľ綾δ߾ҩָδܹƽ⣬лǬľ綾һӡ
л磬ھҩָɣЩ滨ݶ˵ûжá϶Ц
лҲƴǣãЩƷŰɣԺ˵õģοǻûȫ죬ھˣֻ˷ѣһȫ죬һҩָġ
Դˣ϶ʾͬ
л㿪ʼҩָЩ滨еʥƷҩԣգͿлСβָĻɫɫ𽥵ˣɱΪɫлʥƷҩԣѾ޵Ľӽķɫ
򵥵˵Ǿǲһ߱ҩָﵽ
һ㰡л罫ЩƷҲ˰ɡ϶״˵
лЦСһˡп˵ҶҩָоҲ൱һʱˣڿ˵ҩָֻһܹﵽһȴʮǧЩƷˣҲδܹﵽ֮ǰһΪҩָֻһģڲ֪жôӴľ룬ֻ˷ѣҩָѾ㹻κξ綾ˡ
л˵϶Ҳ˵ʲôˡ
϶ȥܾʽʼȲҪӵ㹻ԼҲΪл
лϡ
˵һСС˵һӣֻһԱһ鱮дš֡
ˮɫ
ȥ·ţһ㣬ϸۿĻ֣ᷢ澹Ȼе߲ʹ˸š
㰡һڵˮԪﵽ൱̶֮𣿡
лЦӦòмٵģҲûбҪ˵òһڵɫҺ壬еһ˿˿ĻУĺܲ츳żظı䣬ƤҲǺõŶƤͺܺˣܹţ̰Ļء
𣿡۷Ź⡣
Ů˵޷ܾġ
Ȼˡл˵䣬վ㿪ʼ⿪·Ҫȥˣֻʱ䣬ץһʱ䡣
ͨĵңҪһ𰡣
лٺЦ֮䣬㻹ʲôߵİһطûӦúϤĲǰ

屻˵࣬һۡ
£·ǹ⣬лҪˮ˶ħǵ忴۷ֱİȴ޷ȥͣĿлתһȦ΢΢һģץסлĸ첲ȵȡ
ʲôлʵ
ԺǰٴĿ϶٣ѵˣŮҲѹ·ط͸оܶİǽŪһ֣½һСɣҲŮֿ
лһҲԣڽ̡Ů˵Ǿ޷ģֿǲѡ
л㿪ʼƨĴ鿴ѰʺϴⲿҺĵط϶һܾܹ֮أл˵Ļῴġ
ʱʱĿۡ
лѡ԰λ⣬Χбģ޷룬лͺȡ˽֮һҺ壬԰طٳһСˮڡ
Ȼֻ֮һ൱Ʒݣ䷼ԼһЩ֮ļӽȥЧҲǲġ
Ҿɻ档Ц
л˵ǰ屧ڻ㣬ǺþûˣôңԼأߣȥԧԡ
ɻſҡе
ȴֻǵõл˷ܵЦҲֻԵѣܿһ˿ҵ˱ڡ


500  ı䡾һ
лǰǵлаֱð޲ýŮ͵
Ҳ֪ĻǵۻˮżƻӰԺ˵лֻͣʱ̫ݣǱץÿһÿһ룬˷һ㡣
ΨˣԵλᡣ
Ҫ֪˷ͬʥǸ֣ҪڴҲҪŶӲſ԰
ԣǲŹֻᡣ
лǿĽϸһ֮һθ񫣬ſʼ
屻˿޲лĻУ˵Ǵ⣬ǰķžҵĺˣҲǷˣǿų嶯־ѹе
Ůģűʼ
һ˶ܸܵԵζлһ㰲ľͻ
ȫĵͶС
һʱȥˡ
˵һĽݣлԵĸоԼƤȶ˾˵ı仯
ܸеɱ䡣
˵ԭл൱еٮٮߣôлеαˡ
ʺųõģлܴﵽȴЩˣеԼĹͶȴﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣӿռָóһЩƷŶ幥˼£лֻ֣һ߶ѣܿͻʧһоûС
ʱ䣬леոʥľ磬Ѿ׵ȹ̣һԵ
л˵൱˵ġ
Ҫ֪һ;ԽߣʵԽѣŻһЩǿѡսϵͻԼ
л򾭹ˮĽݣȻ˷ܲѡ
ʱ䣬леԼʥλ˳Ľ仹ڴͻƵıԵȴǽܴġ
ʱ䣬ҵϱ仯ѾȫգЩ仯Ҫѵ˵λʮ磬Ҫıⷽ治ɣл˵
Ȼ˵ݶλʮżİôȻлѾõְ
Լı仯
лֵɱ䣬Ҫ˵ȻԼ࣬ǷǳģױƣлоҪͨ˵ĹͷҪĶࡣ
˵ĻҲѹλʮŶ̾ϾÿһΪλĸ֣ǶŰлԺиֳ˵ͼ޵۶һĻ
ʱ򣬺ʥ̴󻤽Ž಻ݵҪϮɱ赲޾ǴһսиģӶʮġ
ʱһ仰лӡ
һй̷ʱлڻУͨطӡлĺУȻͻ
Ǿ仰ͻġ
Ž˵ģлܻɣڶָ仰ǡΪʲôʮ
԰Ϊʲôʮأ
ȻʷкܶԻʱֻֻʮʮֵģԿ˵Իʱ֮һ磬սֿ¶ֹʮˣΪʲôҪƺʮأʲôأ
ɱ䡣
ʮĺ塣
лһʱҲ벻͸ȴ֪һ㣬ҪΪʮ磬пܱҪֽļӲΪʲôҲ̫ҪǾǷǳѵģ࣬ʶЩţûӦ֮Ҳѿʮġ
̺ʲô
лûףϾֻʥ磬λʮʵ̫̫Ĳˡ
ȴһ㣬Ǿǡսơʩչٶȵõ˾˵
֮ǰлҪʩչսơҪʮӵʱ׼ʮӿƺܿ죬ɶΪﵽʥϵĸ˵һ㹻Խ׵ľ룬ﵽĸ֣Ӿ㹻Խ׻ɱ˵ġ
ҪʩչսơǳѣȫԳûлС
ʵõı䣬ҲһЩʩչսơʱ̵һңȫڴսʱ򣬷Ҫá
սơҲԶ׼ġ
л䲻ɵΣȴӵξָġɱҲſʥλ磬ʩչһľųľȫʩչεĴεĵزξƣǱɱˡ
һֽţл߳ͷ鿴ԼƤԭǹͭɫ΢еְɫƤȥҲϸĶˣı仯ôֻأ
лŤͷȥ


501  ı䡾
ֻڣһСӶѣȡ֮һҺҲֻвһ׵ȣǡýǰ¶ʱ
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Ķͷϸüëһ˫Ŀ΢գĽë΢ֱͦıźţ۵˺޲ȥҧһڣ޵촽ľӣ⻬磬·Ǹʵɽ塣
лһϢ
̫ˣ
ˣ
лʿҺȻǿҵͷһۣЦһϱ۾Ƭ֮ƽϢеа
˿ͬɰģлӵ뻳İ
Ȼ廹ûأлþƽ׵ķΧܹɷ£ȻٶȺܿ졣
һж۵ס
Ĳֺ˼·֡԰ȵȶܾΪĵġ
ƺаʲô
Ҳֻܷȥ˼һ֣ǷҵһĺõطȻ൱ħ޾ˣ֮ڽܻҪ൱ʱܽϡ
лܾ⡣
վ棬ֻܾܿþռСǿͨٴοٳһС硣
˵СС硣
ҪУȻǲ̫ܵģ϶ҪʲôѪܾܿ͸ģ磬лֻԼоһ˿·ܾศɵġ
϶Ҫ޵۶ˣﰲɣ̻һչ˺õġл˵꣬һ뿪ˡ
ٴλصϣͿѾ׵
ɣô죬֪һ˳ԡлֹ
ɻû֪ʵ϶תˡ
ǰӵ壬лЦҾ֪׵ģǻȥ֮󣬵Ϻúоһ£
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˴þ˳
ɽ̿
߳ɽ¹رգһжָģлĻ˷֣ܲ鿴һȷħ޶ûУź뿪
㣬ҹƺʵСл
һЦұҪͻʥҪʱſܣھѾĶѾͻƵıԵĻһ֮ڣɴﵽʥˡ
ģ̫ˡлӵס۵Ϻݺݵһ£ʹʥֻһԽ룬һܹﵽʥȴûж٣һǶԣʵԶȡߵҲżذġ
⻹ŶҲ֪ҵ츳̽㡢ӡҪѷһЩģգͨеľʴΪĹۣԺٶȽ൱ء˷ܵصԺСҲǲѷɫ̽ǵĴڡ
лԣǴϲ
һǾսҪ룬Ͼл˶һǳɾսʼܸı֣ҪɾսʼҪ൱ʱſԣڴڼ䣬һɳԽ죬ҪԶ׼
̸Ц䣬޵۶
޵۶ɣֻѲ߶ӱÿһֵ϶Ѳ߶ӳ֡
лһۣ˶Դȫӡ
Ƿ̻Ḯۡ㿴Ұˣ飬˹㽫ӭ˽ȥ
Ұ壬֣ǲǴһЩöЦеʵ֪ҰԸġ
ҰЦҲûʲôǼʥѾ̻ļʥˡ
ôȻΪ̻ףǲҪȡ̻Ķ
лԴ˺ǸмпҰܵ
ҰһлҲ֪죬ûʲôٶ֣䶯˼ûκļ¼ȻҲ˽սĹ̴һЩѺ͸
Ҫľ֣ǻʱȥ˵ģлþҲϸؽ䶯֣ʩչĸֶԼĽо䶯ͳ̤޵Ľϣӳĸ߳вģҲ֣϶Ҳδʩչֻ֣Ӷ̣䶯ǰĿҪ˻Ὣл֣һٸɵ
лʵǰҴ֪Ҫʹʥ֮ǰ׼Ƕ֣ǸлʦҪ󣬿Ϊʲôûѭأ֪ƺϹŴԸлʦηǰɣ˵ǸҪܣӦö֪һɣ


502  һ
лѯʣҰԵסˡ
Ұ壬֪һ㣿循ɵʵ
Ұ
ˣлڰ֣ÿͳͳȥֻлҰˣ綼û
Ϊʲôлʵ
лʦ޽Ұ
ʲô
ŵлͬʱϢ𺳵վŵĿҰһӣϷԡ
лʦһϹŴĳڣųƵһǿߣ׼սʼ޵и־Ȼ޽ô
һֱлһ뷨享֣ģǱǸлʦΪĹϵעտ϶ƫ̻ԼģֻҪλǿ߹ؼʱ̲֣ͱȻԼһбģھȻǸлʦ޽Ҫɥ
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Ϊʲôлʦʵǻ꣬˵Ҳûжɣлü֪лʦƺ갡
ΪѾѡµĴˣǾСħҰ˵ǸлʦһעˣµĴѡУǵĴ޾ͻᵽµĴ˽ȡǵĵλ
лȻһ𣬡ȡǵĵλ˵СħΪлʦǰĴڣ׼սʼĳڣ
Ұͷȴˡ
Ϊʲôлʵ
ЦҡҡͷҰҲЩǼܣҲ˰ɣлʦǼ֮һʲôݣҲ֪飬ֻ峤ʹϲ֪ģϣлʦܹһѡӣǸлʦĳҪѣѡҲ֤Ĵ޽ҵƶϣǴʹʥ߳ʱҲǸлʦսӡ
һʱ䣬ž
лʦ޽
ȻҪȡлʦɾͷǷɱϾҪʱ䣬ɳʱлѾΪսʼˣ仰˵лʦصĿܳΪлƵͽʧ
Ǵ޽ǸлʦҲȫвʹʥѵҶ𣿡ʵ
Ұûô򵥵ģлʦݺ⣬ʹʥ޷ıʹϹŴֲ飬Ҳ뿪֮ǰΪ̫ǿˣҪ̵Ҫʹʥ޽Ͼǽ֣ĻŻᱻΥһһ㣬һҪע⣬ǾǸлʦһȥδɳĻ϶ᱻǵĵ˹ģǱҪ֤İȫ
ףлصͷ
ǸСħСлĿеĵλ˿ѷɫ̵ģλܵȺء
´μСħʱ򣬾֪лʦ˰ɣлжԸлʦʮֵУʲô´½أȻֻΪ
ҰҲֻ֪һЩƤëлҲû׷ʡ
ЩѾ㹻ճһЩˡ
ʱлʦѹ£лҪǾǹʮӲ³˵ġ
λʮӲ³Ӳ鿨﷽ǲģĿԶ׼ģȻ֪ĻлȻҪһܹɱ䶯ãǲУҲҪʧʹ顣
ʮʲôʱģлʵ
ϣǰ룬˵Ҫڵ¥㣬һὫ֧Щ嶼ȥԴ֤˵ĻġҰЦ
лƲƲ죬Ҫڵ¥µ尡
Ұ㻹ȥȥ
ȥȻҪȥлȭͷҪǺڡһתٺЦȻڵ¥׼ǾǶæµһ°ɣţ֪ͨ³ˣ˵ҽҪȥʮӸ磬һǰȥ
У
һ⻰̷ԣڻеµںʥ̻޷ֲΣл˵һ߰
һȥ
ȻǼԡ
˵лЦ֮ԽλøΪʮӸǰǰǰȥй۲죬ҴǰȥҪ֣϶ᱻɵģ磬ȥҲûãõİ취һǰȥȻҿҪȡϴεľ飬һһЩá
˵ɣ˵ңȻĻҲͬ⡣˵
лҵİ취֣죬䶯췽Ĵ
ҰһȤĵ˵˵ô
л㽫Լ뷨˵˳
УҰֵǳɹܹ䶯췽ʧʹĵزж棬֪ʮ䶯ˣ֣췽治֪·Ϊƻ˳ʩеıˡ
лЦͽʯͷԼĽţ


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ȻʮӲ³΢λʾлأһжļô

һɹҲ·лһ£ܹģ͵ҲǲӾоûʸ񣬿ɼЩ޵۹ڵĵλ
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Цһлɨһ壬˵˵ĻɣӲ鿨ʮӿ˿ʮ˻˹ڵµɣϣܹṩһõĶգֳܱ
⻰ʮӲ³ЦȻλֻʵܽһȻҲ׼ġһ˵ĻֿƷ⣬ʵûϣı޵¼壬޵¼屳ңҲμӴ˴ε¼ĻֻѾų⣬ʵǿҪı享ϹŴ֧֣֧ǵеʵϹŴ࣬˴εҲࡣ
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ҪĿġ
ô˵ʮӲ³Ӳ鿨ˣǵĿľҪԼô˵Ļм٣ǸԼõ鱨¶գԿԵóһЩӽʵĶ
享֣浽˶ٸ֣
Щ˵ʵΣ
˱ϵģж˵
ЩǱ˴˵ܣͺл棬࣬ǶⱩ¶Ҳֻλ̻ḮۡЩ֣⻹൱һʥĸӶפڣ享ȻҲеģܹǰ֪Ǳ֪֪ˣս
Ұߵ˴Ϣγ享Ҹɳ֮⣬޼ˣˣ߼ˣϼˣˣܼжʮǿߵʮӲ³˵
лüëһʮˣȷ
ҡʮӲ³˱лһ˫۾ţûɵһһֱӲ鿨֧£ȫŷ鿨ǻۣȴлЩ飬ҲȷֻжʮˣӦûмˣҵ˻޷ȷֻƶڰлš
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־Ҫл档
ţЩ˶ϹŴ壬һģҪȷʵѡлͷ˹Ӧúɣ


504  
享ϹŴȻʥǵӦ˫࣬սӦò̫ΪʥǷҪλĸ֣λԿ٣սȴܹӦǣҲŵģ͸ʵ
޵۶享滹һǿ֧ߣǾ˹壬˵޵۹ؼҲĴڡ
ؼܹһʮүӣô˹ûУҲóһְɡ
л棬ȴֻ̻ᣬ̻ǿҲʥȻⷽѾˡ
ƫƫ˹صĺ
̻þ취飬Ҳֻ֪λֶѣȻûеһλϵǿߣȻ鱨׼ȷ
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ʮӲ³˵ʮʵҪַѷһ֣Ĳ٣ȱ۹ڴ֧֣ǰʮʵ̬ȲʵЩԴӱԼҵĴ̿͸ɵ֮󣬾ͱ̬ȣʮ˻ʵܣαȽ⡣
лҵõ鱨ʮ˻ҲϹŴ֧֣֪һ𣿡
ʮ˻ӱ֮ˣһֱĪлǸе·һں󱳣ʱԼܵġ
Ӧī壡ʮӲ³˵
лüëһȻī壡
̿ʹڣһǴ̿ϹŴ塭ԼңһǴ̿塭ī壡
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Ҫ֪īҲǺ޼ҡҲ£ԶҪѷɫ˴ϹŴģϯ½ķ籩ǰҪȥȻҪѡ񣬾ͬұȵѡһ
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һ£лīļι̣ÿһƺī嶼Ҫ享ϼҰ֮ĺԸīѡˡ
īԴ֮󣬿ʲô֣лʵ
ʮӲ³˿ЦûУصĺҰʮ˻ʵ谮Ůˣ¶޷˾Ȼī塣
ѵī廹ûѡ֧˭лֹϢʮӲ³ˣ享ˣ޷ȫš
лһ£ȴûͷֻܰ˼ʮ˻Ӹˣֹī尵жǡ
֪Щ׼ãܺáлЦЩѾ㹻֧ˣ
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лͷ
лַģҲ³һʧģʮӲ³˴ϲվƱһл֣
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ɣ
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䣬δ˿첽˽
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лͷһսǵĸǣ
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505  աһ
սǵĽսһǰѾʼˣ´½ٷ֮ʮҵֵսǣνǷƱ仯ɱĺò֣ܴ߳ģһһٮٮߡ
ǰлõϢսҪռԾ
ȴþչգսǵ̫֪飬ֻǴҰ֪ղûнսѡ˳ˡ
սǵս԰ɡ۽Ц享֣ľҪǲĶˡ
ĶЦֺαǫأ»˵ɡһ٣΢һ˼·лҲ֪ͬһǸԼ塢صģ˴ĸ˭Ҳ˭ûл֡䶯֣ˣ϶ģսǵĵһսǱ˴˽սԼγͳһս˭Լ˭ռƣⷽ棬չֳ˼ǿĲܣС㰵ûѣشʹǱûϵ£ҪѣռƵġ
ͬԣڲȷǹؼеĹؼ
㶼ſ˴˲ŸɣֻԼ˻ᡣ
㰵ߺһ£Ҳ뿪𣿡л㵵ҵ̬ȣҪҲܵģս֮ǰҲˣ˳Ĵ½ſۼҪǲ֣Ȼܶ಻Ҫ鷳ġ
ҲСߺŰ£͵͵ǱսǣǼҡԼҹħļŷӣֻɱ˺Һҵ֣뿪ġ˵
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ǵڽԼƵ˼⣬ֳȴǶԼģȻзսѵԼԸȻָ̫ʹģҵ̬ʲôأ
Ҫ֪սǵȻ֣϶˵ģұ̬ȣҪ޵۶ʲôġ
̬Ȼ
ʹռ˱ˣֵıˣ˾Ÿ֣享֣ī塢ѩ֮ءϷɽ󡢶һ򾡡˷ܵصл֣㲻֪ʱǴǽһˬȫɱһЩö찵Ǽò֣ͬǿ⣬ջˡ
лһ˭õö飿
˵ĿⶼһµͶ˽ֵܡ
ֵƺټĹԺͰ԰ɣл΢΢һȻֵ֪ܵ
Ҳ֪öһֱӾͳǵˣȥġЦҵõ飬ҵԾȻҲ֮ı䣬Ϊ˹ԣõõ찵飬ҲıΪˡ
Һ·ƣһԣһԣȴֻܸɵۣö·ԣԼġЦ
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лͷô·Ƶõһ㰲οԺ֮䲻ìܣһ壬һŶӵ
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ǽʱʮӲ³Ҳһ뿪ˡ
˺Ժֱӽһܲ۵ƽڣƽʱϢĵطʱۼ䶯졢աƷһɸ֡
ôˣǸ߹㣬лӵĶͨǧҪǽӴܻᱩ¶ġ䶯ü
ʮӲ³˸Ͻ͵лˣҵĹ۲죬˸˶ʥǷǰ;һ
Ŷ˭䶯ʵ
۽ܡá塢·ơաǡǰ˸Ҽǵᵽ찵鱻˫ֵ̥ܵõˣҲˣǲҪıһƻʮӲ³ʵ
䶯˸һĨ⣬Ʒ塢յˡ
ĵҲˣֵڵĹⰵȴǷǳõģõö˵Զ׼ġ
˵õ飬ʱ䣬ǿںϣҪ볹ںϻԶôֵܿ϶ҲԶԶûںϡ䶯ЦһóһСƿӣǺգ㽫ֵܵĲڡ


506  ա
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䶯ЦӦһƿˡ
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ҩָΣԶδﵽ߾磬޷Ͼ綾䶯ŵĵʮӣŲ֪ɣлĸлǬеľ綾ȣ֮𣬲һ棬лǬĶлҩָûãգҲʸ
ЦҿҲǣϣǰųʷϵһҩʦĿƳģҪȵĶҩʦаʦͼ³ҪĶ࣬һĽƵһлǰӵҩָܹ¶ᱻġ
ȥ׼ɡ䶯ֵ
ʮӲ³ƿ뿪ˡ
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ǰԺʱڵƻͨлʮӲ³˶ǰǹ۽ܵȰ˴֣Ѿ˸ζȣһЩˮ
л֣ơ۽ܺٺЦҿ߶úܰ
л۵Һ˲ξưɣ
˵۽һָ·ƣһ̫ˣҵξƣҸûƿǺ֮󣬾ȻҵĶˡ
·ƸЦû취ȲһΪļʥ𡣡תлл֣һϵҪξƣȻһƿøңֻ͸һƿǲǣҲʾһ°
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ЦҡҡͷлóʮƿξƷָǣÿƿʱźȰɣʥǵҩʦѾ̽㴫ξƵİ취ڳܶ࣬ʥǣȡ
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лʼ磬ûˡ
ûȤö͸Լĵˡ
ûпڸ³εĵ֡

ҵһ˿ȻϢһĵ洫ʮĻ𱬣Ű͸ɴȹŮȵ˽ƮƮĺƲƲʣݺݺ࣬ƮƮ衣
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ˡ
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ҲʱʮŮٿȻһȻϰȥ˫ֻƮƮǻƵм䣬һ欵Ӱƫƫ裬ɰڣò绨һϮѩ׵ɴȹ壬͵ĵƹ£ɢŶǵĹΣ֮ߣȹӵĹ£縡͹ʤա

һײ𣬷ǳ࣬ȴʮŮϴŵĽ֮ƷײͻȻֵŮӸ˫ϴС
Ṳ̊ƮȻлȥ
УȹƮƮ¶һ˫ѩСȣŲ֮䣬дէйǵǿ۷ȡ
СŮӺվлһŮƮȻлǰƮƮ£˫һ֪ӺδľӨ͸ҹⱭɢľе
лһЦлչˡ˳ƳҹⱭСβָ˿ӦûУȻûжлһﲱ£ƺã˸
лл١һЦһ˫һ۸ɢ˴¶Ĺʣ·ˮһЦ
գźл٣ӱūʮӲ³˵
¶ϲ֮ɫ
֪è壬лԾɸпݵĺ棬ǲ³ˣֱϷš
ƹӣձлԱһ˫˪ѩΪлƣרע飬·һУˣ޷׵ĸоȻַζ
ʥ֮£лͷһȴյڿЩͣ¶һƬѩ׵ľӨлĸ߶ȿȥȫԿĹֺ͹𣬼ǵ㣬ֱǹ˷ľ
ʥͷָоۺһ𣬴˵ĳǾ˵ģǵлֻϸ䣬δĽ㡰̡һлĻУܵǺǰӯѹȸС


507  ա
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лһоˣ۷һĨ֮ɫһģ˺գǿƽߵģܵĽܾز΢üǶǣ֮޲ý͵
л١ᡣ
лǱĵðа·𱻽ˣһӾͱ̼ȫ̼
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鲻Խ֮£лͷǽεӣһ£ȴоջ̣ӨĶͨ죬հ뿪ӣĶѡ
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欵ĺս޲
ŵĿлͦؾҵţƺһʱ޷лݡ
ϳҵģݣǺʥŮŮٱ̡
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лһЦ̷ͦһƣֻǺ˶˵Ļ˵ζ
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ʱЩŮҲΧ۽ܵȰ˴Լߣ˵Цģ۽ܵ˳ҹħǺͽ⣬˵ǶŵÿߵŮ֣һɫǵӡ
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Žһָļ䣡̵ûе֪ҵ㰵лָҵļ䣬Եߵģδܷ֣ߣΪٱѾɣأҰֽţɣ֮ڣûлˣܹʶҡ
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Ϊãÿ𣿲˵£㲻ǣѾͶŽ࣬Ҳᱳѵġ̱Լ̬ȡ
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ʼ磬л˵ʵ뷨ɣǲҰ㽻㴦ã𣿡
ȻɱҸĸСܹĿòʣ³ΪĽ˰ɣûһö
лȻһЦΣ˵ҲţԺȻ׵ģҲ֪ŽӦֻǺϵϣʱܹ׼ȷѡ񡣡
һ£̵ô֪ҺǺϵͶģ
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㲻ҳ㣿ʵ
лҡҡͷĻͱԺֻǵˣ´μ㣬ġ
лһ̲ŵʮ䶯ˣ塣ٵС˵꣬ϺһȻлǰͱȥ


508  ٶȡһ
Ȼ֣ȻͻأлԾɸоõ̵ٶȿļˣ㹻ʱӦ
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עҪаռ壬ֻҪ֪ˣôԺ̾͵Լ享һöҪӣȻżذȾҪ֤ñ֪ûб¶Ҳûбѡ

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Ļһ䣬Ƶ춯ȴǷǰߵİ˸Ůոóذ׾ͱǻУȫѪɳȥ
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˷ӿĸ֣ȫʵǿĸ֣Χˣ䶯粽롣
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ԵأϢųȥôصİȻ¶ʱ˶ᣬһҶõĿܣһµڵĵ³̶ȣһֶܹΣڽѾ㹻ۺˣʻĶ
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˵ܲ˷ʱ䣬Բ˷ѣץһпõʱȥԼʵǵǰҪ顣
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еһЩͷۡ
Ͼ˼ҿֱӳԽԼȴֻȫͬʱ֪ɫӦܵеΣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôʱǸ˱¹ʱ򣬿ɾʱˡ

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лһеವģԭǱˮ͸ˣϾҷŵļ̫ߣлڵʵ̫󣬶˵ͬ޷ѹܹܹлľҲ
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558  ݡһ
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560  ˡһ
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561  ˡ
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563  ӡһ
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л˷ţվŵǵͼ޵۶ܾлйֵҸԶ
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лֲҽȥ𣿡ԶЦ
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վЩı仯ˡ
Դǰһлʢ޵۶䶯졢֣죻սзⱩѩɽ¾᣻һսɱأ䴫½սأպգѷҵܱȰԶһڣȴһ󴮵Ĺлľٶ
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565  Եɡһ
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ٲڣлΪڴˣԶϣһӦռƵģɵõҺ˼֧֣˶ٳƽһЩپȻڡ
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ڵڼԶϵʱ򣬱ǹУһɰȻγɣ΢΢𶯱۰򣬳ǹǺɫ㷢ѳƬ̿ҲѪɳȥ
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˶Ц˹лЦһܱû뵽˾ȻҲǳǡ

һл֪Ѿʥλľ磬ǱҪȥ³ǵģ;еõϢлǳǣ˲תģĿһȻЭлһȴͶġ
ľľλǰҪǸġӿռָóһľӡ
ӳһңɫģȻľľӣͼ֣ʵģǺӾʹݳŨϢ֮
лӹӣһۡ
ȴһЦ˵ƣӡ
ӡлЦֽ˺ۣӸǻ򿪡
һŨϢŷ֮⴫ݳ
ɣ
лһѿڽе
ڰڷŵĺȻ
˵ԴӴǰʥǱľľҪȥδʹùʱ򣬶ϵ˵ǣлд˵֣һϣ޷ķſңȥս
ս޷ʵ
ͨսлӲƾʱڣӲʺ缶λ뵽ʥλƳ̬ĳɼͬģҲʧȥ֮еĳɾ͡
ɵع飬ǡ˵лѾķſҡ
дҲͬսģΪڵлվĸ߶ȲͬٵĽ֣ӵҲͬһԵıϣӵд˵ܽлսӵ
лḧɵĵһұ㣬ݺ£ЦȺۣ


580  ۡ
ḧɣл鲻ɵļ
Ǹܵлļ飬ͨ巺һĨɫΣȻзϵ
ڻӦл
Ҫĳֿ⣬ɾͲ
ͱһۣҲǰԵͷǶҲ֪˵ΪһӵӷĿƱ̬лӵν绢Ӵ˭Ƕ֣
лӿռָóһԴꪡ

һԴꪣǺʱôѾˣԴǱ˫Եģԡ
һֱӱ˫ԣҪҵʵıʵ̫̫ˣһıʥǿԳضԵģƫƫԱֱ˴˵жԵԣκһֵԵıܷӳǿƣʹõԾʥͨ
Ǳ˫ꪣѩɽáлһף꣬Ǿˡ
ץס˫ꪣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ظű˫ꪣĵñ
һǿ߶ڱͺɫŮ޷ݵģҲǲܿƵģںʵıȻǿѾá
˫֣ǿҵҪһսĳ嶯
ǺǣһԴ֣սҪˡЦһ·˴д裬ս˫ԵĶͷۡ
Ц˴սһ
꣡
лϽָڴߣ鰡˵Ƹλսһˡ
лٶҹ죬ʵôˣ˭ǹʱ򣬸ƺ
衣л
һ֣̱ͣ˫ꪣҲˡ
ҲҡͷЦ
˵ʱ˭ս·Īξлˣ֪սĸԣʶܶ˶ƺǷӡ
һ
л˵ǡҲû֪һҪæء
˵ɡ
лͽҵĹ˵˳ϣڶҸӣйע׷ʲô顣
ô˵ƺҲǳŶģϧ֣ˣɼҵӦǷǳ˵ġ
Ǿ춯ذл뵽ҵĹأҵİжΪ˲ע⣬Ȼûǲֵ
ΪҵĲ֣Ƕǿ֣߳Ȼעģõİ취ǲעĲ˲ע⣬ǳǿģǾ
ͱ굱ͷͬ⡣
ǰǰ֪ʺϸ飬лȥעģ̫ˣ裬ǻ˰ɡ
ܡˣ漴뿪ˡ
ǰҷ档
лŰģڶʼĴϲûģؼǱϾʥ֮ˣʱǸо̫ģܡˣֻʥλĸ֣лţϵأҲлʤϣģǿɶڵһٮٮߡ
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գ峿𴲲ã㿴ѾڳӰζ䣬飬ҷУƮȻ
ҪҪһܣеĵá
л̧ͷһתˣҧгݵġ
ûеģֻҪԺ϶Ҵܣҿûйлֹ
ϴˢϣԶѾȥò͡
֣ɣлЦͶҪһȥԣ
ԶЦȥ˾֪ˡ
˵еء
лһͬǰûطлһޱϤǱдԵ˵ңս죬˫Ψһչʮ˴ʥľ飬Գһ·һ·սҪŮˣûܹߵģҪ֪ʲô
˰㶼һپʮŴˣûɹͲܹ͵ҸоĺΰԺ˵ʶ㡣ֶƵ
ⶼһپʮŴˣ˵ˣҲ̫˰ɣ˼ֻֿ׷һΣͽ޸ˡл˵ɵôϲ̤߽䡣
л
սֶͬʱе
ȻܱһЦ
ǵӣԶҲеĽˣ¶ˣֵֿͬ顣
ôлͻȻֹס˻⣬ȻĿһ˿ɣһ˿ȣǣʥ
սٺЦһһ㡣
ֶҲЦ⡣
лҪԾˡ
˵츳սֶƺܲҪ˭ȣ衢ꡢ۽ܡյǰǻҪѷɫһģֻǶģԶ츳
ǾȻﵽʥ
˲µľ磡


581  ۡ
սֶƽ̬ʽͻͽõлֱԼ۾ʵǵĽ̫ˣٶѾˡ
Ҫ֪лǾսŵõڽġ
лʵġֶƺһھƣֲȥǵľգ֪츳Ҫѷɫһ㣬ڵľעˣٶһ㣬пܱ̭ʹʥﲻ㣬ܳΪ׸Һ˻ȥ֮һ飬ѡֻϴʽ
ֻϴʽ
һȴԶ
ЩŵĿսֶˣû뵽˾Ȼѡǿµֻϴʽ
ͬʱҲԸղȷ˳Ϊʥλһ㼵ɢеֻֻܹϴʽڵĸıԼѾֵԶĵ𾴣ͬʱҲһɳ嶯ǷҲȥֻϴʽأ
νֻϴʽлʵ
սЦһССϴʽѡ
ΣлĿ⿴Զ
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ÿһأÿһ⣬лֻܵϴʽĿ£ǼֱǷܳܵģؼһأȻǿ
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ȻǱŸԼδҲãԼԸҲգһ
ѡֻϴʽлĳɷ֣
ʹʥ֮УڱУǴ½ؼڣս졢ֶƺлĹϵȻҪ֤ǰȫģʵãôس׸лȴԸлǿ
ֻϴʽֻأػϴǻۣһ˵ĸ츳ɾһĳǱɡ
Զȴл֣δκһˣλҷˡԶǰһʩһ񣬡ֻأٻλ֮ǻۣԶҲ
Զ˸пߣҲΨսֶˡ
лҲǸпѰ
û뵽˾Ȼ뷨
Ӵ֮󣬰ĳɳֻҪ;زۣս졢ֶδɾͱز۽ܡҪǿһҲδ֪Ͼչ˺ν
Ψɾ͡
ûһ͵ģûǲͳɹģУֳɹҲֻ˵ĭһơ
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Ҳˣһ˵ǰҷ鿴ڶı֣ԶҲЩ׵ˣ뵽ɾȻǳǣңҲĥһζбԭ
ҷ档
ʼ峤Ѿϣǰפأл˵ӭȥ
ʲô֣лʵ
ҡҡͷûκη֣ʼûб仯
лǰ濴ȥ
ȻǶεȻʬԾɰڷĶʬҲڣԵúɭͱذлҪ󣬲Ҫǰмӱɡ
ۣŮսһֽУ˵ע⡣
ŤͷȥֻһϮµıҲ˼һɸֵĴӵ˶ҷǰ಻ʮ׶ѡ
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лҲһͷ
л˭սʵ
ϼұ档л
սһٺһЦĦȭƵԭǱϼ˰£ñϼҷ֣죬תͶʥǡ
ֶЦˡ
ǵ˵Цлδ⣬ȴ룬澹ȻҲڹעңԣҲ֪صܣνɵĸˣǴΪܣϧ֣˵ݣǰˡ
˫ΪԶҵܸе֣Уȴûжֵ˼
ڲ鿴ȴһʼ֮˻ҵܵʼ峤˶Сֹ˼䣬һĻȻ˵
лĶ֮ͨ£Ҳȫɫһ䡣


582  ࡾһ
˵˵ɫҲˡ
峤ʲôϢԶʵ
ɫĿ£ոյõϢǶ⣬ʮﴦһСϣͻȻǧͨ˱ɱǵ඼ˡ
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ͬʱ淽ȻҲõϢͬ򶫳ȥ˱˴˺Ĭҵľ롣
С򣬾͸еһŨصѪζ
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أ
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ڵֳˡ
֣ˣҲˣڱϵģʵϵģȴţлʥأǿƽռȻҿ϶أȴҲ֪ؼһЩغʥǺг飬Բᴥġ
˵е뷨ĻǶ֣˵൱ĳ
ĺôҪˣˣֱΪжǼпܵġ
Ҳ˵˵ɻڡ
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ҲĬˡ
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л٣л١
˳ĬʱͿʼ峤˴ǳԷǳ˵ٶǺˮһ˿֡
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ʿҺɨһ۱棬ҲûεȻʬ岻ˣ
ˣл΢΢һô
Լµġ¶ޱȵӣĿãʬһİȥģʬΧһ谭⣬棬ʬѾûӰ
лһ˦ӣȥ
һٴ̣ȫء
һҲûоһ𷵻ǳǶҷ洦
ǵô˵أͿ˼ֵ޿˹Ѿˣ˼ĿԼҵ˶ڴ˴
ǵĿⶼзŰڷŶεȻʬ崦
ʲôûˣƽһֱػ˵ص˵ǶεȻʬȷǾôµģеĿл˼Բл֮ͬ
أأء
˶ԶεȻʬͻȻʧƵʱͻأһ𣬽춯
˸еǣǵȻܵ˸ţ׷ϣȻһƬһµ
лԺҲЩȥͨˣĿҲͬǶҷλãʯӿţ·ʲôǿðһ㡣
ǽ˵һҲԽԽ
һŨصѪζƮ
л˷׷׷ڸ߿գ￴ȥ


583  ࡾ
ֻĵλãγһֱԼҵԲεľ޴Ѫˮ۶ɵѪأѪ˰㣬ڷڣһðཱུģ·ʲô
ѪΧ˶ܵھҵļӿ졣
ǵѪڴž˵һ£ƺ˵صɶһ㡣
һĻлԺиһЩĴ˵
ǱɫҲǳѿü𣬿˸Ŀ⣬Ҳȷ϶ǸңԶĴ˵һȫ½ʷԻ͵һУ޼ɵһĺųƹµֶ֮һĽַ
лĿӹܶˡ
Ҳ֣͢ս졢ֶơԶһЩϹżĸҲɫ쳣أȻҲѾ뵽ˡ
ҵɫŹ֣левˬ
ѪڵѪˮڵԽԽ
쿴Щʬ嶼ûˣ˾
Ƿ׷׻ͷ²鿴
ֻһЩʬ巺𵭵ѪɫĹΣڣǵУʧӰ١
ʬʧѪڵȴԽԽǿҡ
ɶƾգض˶еĪĿֻţ·ʲôΣյƵģһЩΪߵɫɷףЩѪԹȥ
ˣлͺȵ
һĸַ׷׵ˣһЩڸ
Ҳһ֣˼˺ֻɷϵĸ֣ȫȥ
л٣Ѫ˹죬ǽƻ˰ɡʼ峤̲סЩܲɶ
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Ѫ̣Ȼս޷ƳڲԶڵ
˵ЩԾû뵽Ѫ˵ˣüϹ֪Ѫصܷ棿
˵ȴѪ벿λȻŨص˸޷ܵѪζУݳһ޷ݵʥϢϢһ΢紵Ȼһͨ泩Ҫĳ嶯˵о
ѪζŨصѪأȴݳ˹Ϣ
Щδ뵽ңԶ˵ˣһĿɿڴŵĿѪأǵӶҪ·ˡ
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Ϊ֤ǸܲõԤ룬һз·ʵģĴ˵һ̣ڵõ֤ʵ
лͱһۣһ̣û֮ǰĵжԣһĬҪͬԿĬ
ʵ˵һõ֤ǷչȥǲģпΪһССĲ۵ĶҶ½ƷƱãп´½ȫҵľƣֻҪʮٱ
ΣյϢлͷų
ڲ׹Ҳ˵ΣľԵģѪżزЭԣ˵ľ仯̼ͬųƵʱ޵еĵһ񵶣ӵԵҲ͸һƥϢ
һ̣Ǹол·һѵ
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һǷâ¶ʱͬʱҪ緢ĻɽϢѪɢʥϢɢ޷ŵˡ
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Եøı̹ǡ
ѪڵˮڵԽԽͬģʥϾϢҲڹţһʼѹƣȴѹͷųɷȻظǹȥɢȥ
ͨͨͨ
ϵйµЩΪδﵽɷˣԶʼ˼Щ˶վھѪشԼҵľ룬ʥϢ֮£ȴһϵĹڵϡ
һĶüϣɫĹڵϣ˫ֽǰ·ʲô
𣡡
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ХεĲɢȥ
Хĵطڵϵ˶¶֮ɫ׷վ˴ѯô¡
ٺ٣޿˹ܻһʱܹһ𣿡һųЦѪڴ˳
ڳϹŴе˶ɫ䡣
Ƕʼ峤Բĵ⣬ǶεȻѵ˲ɣ


584  ࡾ
˵һȴ˶϶¶˼ı飬ȻѪء
Ψлɫء
ȴѾеɡ
ˣѣ벻ɣ㿳ҵԴȴܹεȻ͸ŵ⣬һ
ͬһӴϢѪڴݳ
۳һɾֱ˶ȥѹȵĻѪˣֱָɫ䡣
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֪һսˣһսܾܿˣһҰܵľ档
ΪڽеǴ˵У´½ʷԻУһʱ棬ʹռط֮һġʹ
һʷΪԻһҳ޵
ʹΪλᱻȫ½Ⱥ֮
ΪȺħ޻飬壬Ǵĸ֣ҪʹʥΧʹ壿
һнʹ
ʹ˵ʹ꣬ԶľڣȥֻҪ岻ٵܹͨʹʥ¸ʵ൱˵ˣʹζѣҲΪˣаԵĵʹ⵽ȫ½һ¹
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ȴʹȻ֮ٶ˼䣬һνĲ˷ǳǵһС֡
лʹ׳֮󣬿¶ҽǽҴ½ֵĳпڶ̶֮׳вĵزΪʹһΥȻɵĴڡ
һҪѡ
һҪ꣬ʱܹɳʹȴЩȫơ
ˣʹǿ󣬺ųȫ½ֵ£˸ˣʹ̫죬ǲڵģĴڣζ˵İ
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ת˱档
ĿԣӶԷ￴ŨŨɱ⣬֮ܶǰǷ֣һˣҲٵ
ΪҪ˼ء
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Щ뷨лԺֻһתĹѾ¶˾ģҪҳײǲϧһдۡ
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ǰһ֮浱ڵ
ȻܲԸǿҲףôȻɣҲףһ³˼嶨ȻҲǴڱɱ֮ĵģ𣬱Ҫ
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һȭ̺ƾףӲһȭ֮½лָȫˡ
վںĶʼ峤̧ͷһɫɵô䣬½֣
Ǳ֮ǰ½λǿ½֣ĳ֣ʱⱾ͹ܵľøӵĸӡ


585  һ
½лԴˣ½Ӧþǳģ½ҵĹϵ½ֶǱűɱ֮ĵģлҲ½ӦǱ档
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û˿磬ȴҲʵõ㹻ؼǣܹʹؼȻʹǻʹһЩؼҪ֪ǰʵҲս棬ϹŴ屳ĸֶԣֹʮǧӵʹؼǵսȻдȵ
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Ĭ˵ɫɴ䡣
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Ůлϵļ޷죬˶֪ǳǲŵһμ棬뵽ǻĬ
һҹǹһɫĻ棬ֶεȻʬ壬ɲǼ䣬εȻʬ屻ճɻҽβʣ޽ʹĿܡ


587  
һ֣εȻɱǲʣʧȥᣬһ¶ڶЩѾĸ˵ֱĴ
ս졢͢ȫ֡
ǵصĹɱǰҸָֿ̼䣬ȫˣɱĽڽڰˡ
ٵѪأлȵ
΢΢һͷ
ͬʱѪԱߣԶҸչΧɱǶڷϣ˵Ѿɱѽѷ֣Ź˵Ļһ˷ңʲôϾҸĸоǣʹ㡣
衢ļ룬Ҹֵĵֿ

лͱѪԲࡣ
ϹѧʶԨӦ֪ƽѪذɣл棬ѯʡ
֪϶Ļش֪ʹӦģҲżģʹʱڵʹȣһ棬ҪѪأ̫ѣֻҪǿעУȻѪڵˡ
лüע룿ʲô˼
͵Ѫãȥˣͨһע룬˸ģźܶµǰʦͨܶ취ƽ⣬ûʦΨĹ䣬ﵽԽѪصĵزԱɣİ취޷
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УͿ˲ҽһλһѪը飬ҲܣһʵѷɫһߵȫҲɫ΢䣬󵹷ɳȥȴǿʹ˫ǰ
ЩѪ۳һѪɫ򶡳ȥ
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ãӦʹؼǷֵܹʹʵڴڼ䣬ʹøָģָƣһȫָ⸣ǡ

ӰζУֳҹǹǰȥ
һ͢ս졢ֶơꡢԶ˵ȵиֽ
ƣ
ҹǹһŨĺɫ棬ǹ棬˫ǹݺݵǰȥ
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ЦǸ޷һԻҵķ
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δأ
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޵жսƣ
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588  ġ
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ڲ·ڷ˷ܵ˻
Դһ̿ʼʹδķӳֲһ̣лޱóԼǿĶɵҪνʹؼĸôһ
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ҲɫĮȻվڰУ۶ɵĺƼаĴȻڣƺҲûܵʲô˺

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Ŀ衢ꡢս졢ֶƵ˵ӹЦһȻ뵽취ԸлЩأÿһͷ۵ĴڣҪ֣еһĴŪ֮ɡ
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˺ܿǵӰ٣ڶʼļ£˼Ȼȫ峷ǳǡ

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ԶʼϲոһЩ
лڴڡ
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ĵ־ʹֵͻأѵûһԭҿδأٶȳʹʹ֣Ҿе⡣
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ܣԶ˵ĺܼᶨڵľƣ֣ʹ˽Ҳ֮Ѻˡһ٣ЦʹֵϢ»̵ʱڴȫ½ģʹĳ֣ҲֻܵȴˣǴҲҪ̫⡣
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ҹָ


589  巽һ
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ҹָ辪ϲĽеһѽָץȥָţҹָҹƤףҹ֮ܵϵ˷ܵشϡ
ҹװϵдһϷһĨɫ棬ܵȼţʹͬԡĸħŮһ㣬䲻ҹϵУȴҹһϵҹǹ˵ս
װþһ˵ս
ҹָƻãҹƤ׺ҹ֮ܣ䲻ȫӳҹװãȴҲܹӳ߰˳ҡ
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ȻľƫֻͣʥλɱϾսˣҹװϵУȻġ
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ʱ̣һȻҲҪΪԼѣɴ˿ɼ峤ƿ̫ҿ˿Ϊ濼ǣЩ˾ѡͶʥǣлҲԥĽ޳
뿪ʼ壬л衢ꡢս졢ֱֶһɽҹɽ
ʮ֮ҹɽ
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ҹɽǰһλųҹսڣڴ˵زռҹɽڿһĿռ磬˵ռС֮󣬿ҪлյþҪܶ౶ҹһƺǿռҲ˵ڿռѾﵽһ־׵ĵز¾ǼŶҪʰ·硣
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л˱ҹɽ߾Ⱥҹɽ̺ŵҹСĿ
֪ǷζҹĿԭ¶еҹɽ첻ϵ¶ȣʹҹɽƱ˻ɽ
ʥҵ˵ֻǶãƺֻǰһЩɴʦְҵʧ˼ˣλᵮһʥأսֹ
ĵʥĵӦĳЩʦй˶ʦְҵ˽⣬ûܹһĽ͡һ٣˵˵ҹ䣬ҵǸȤǷ֪һ
һˣˣʲôãսȻ
ͷá
Ŵ۾ƽ˵ҹǳսʾʱġ
˶һ
սʼģɾͲˡ
ʸսʼĿûж٣Ҳȼˣ¾ǼȫָҲûʸģܹ֪ĶһЩ˵޷ݵĺôġ
Σϸ˵һ°ɡлҲŨȤ
սʼһңɼľ硣
лҲ֪һսʼĶ֪ɫһµŮ֮󣬸֪
ǼļأҹϣΪսʵĴڣҹɽΪ𡢿ռ˫ذ壬ҹɽڱչʮ꣬ڳصһ꣬ȴĵ˷ˣһ񣬵Ծ߻ħн֮лɱľʹ˷ҹռڣԷ꣬վδܳɹһգ콵ףҹ⣬ӳհ죬ҹɽԲǧ֮ڣֺɫҹڻһƬҹ𣬻عҹռڡƽ˵һС
ȴú˷ܡ
Ȼҹعҹռ䣬Ƿ˵ܹҹռأͬлѩɽ򣬹ͨǧǰһʦҶһҹԽʱճӹͨأӶҹһо飬гսʼľأ
ܼҼأҹĵûѾٵһЩ֮ĶӦöڣҹΪҹʱһ׺һĨҹռ䣬Ӧҹҹǧ˿ƵϵܵõϣͨƷԽʱգͨҹʱµһЩ
û뵽ǾȻҲҹռ˵ʶл𺳵ʱһ


590  巽
һ𺣬ûüëݸӣôͻأĳлλòʮ׵ĵط
ϢģûκεϢԣл˶ûвĵ˶֪˵Ϊ綨ȻǷóأڷǳѲĽɫ͵ϮĻΣԻߡ
֮ɫޱȵĵ壿
лҲܵеϢ·Ҫһаĸоӵеľ໥Ƶá
ϱˣԾһ˸е
лüëһ
ڱֱָȱһ۰飬ȵķУɫȻ¼Ȼܹһݰɡ
Ц٣ʮүү˰Ȼ˵
лԣһƲû˵
ӵĻʱЦԭݸԵ£һ˫۲κɫʵĶл֪С
䲻٣ɻδҵҪ֣ҿԳȫ㣬֤Ƕʮ峤֮ǰһΡлȫЦٵĿţ˵һƽ顣
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ЦµӶȻһĨõЦݣֻЦݿȥȸղŸӵɭ¡
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ȫϵŨصϢʮ˾ۼһȻȻγɵϢŨأ߹ĵطЩǿӲݶ׷׵ĿήʧȥϢ
صϢлһü
ľľ֪һилԵģľԸ֣˵һʺ缶ľԣпֿܺһľǣһµǿľԸ֣һ֣¾ʥֿԻɱˡ
ʶ˶֣л˵УȴлľԵģʱ򣬶ҪܵȻѹȣʮʵܹӳ˳ɾѾ൱ˡ
ԼأߣЦЦ
лÿȻӿһǿľԵϢľԵģ˶һɫϢǱӿţ̴̼ΧĻľҡҷЩ߹ȡӲ¸ա
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592  巽ġ
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593  ơһ
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лһҲԣЩ鿴Ī⣬ʵڷԿ滹ǺģȻҲû鱻ƻˣˮˣҹռȻǻأǽ룬»Σյġ
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596  ս꡾һ
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ˢˢɫϵս£Ȼܹ͸棬۾ڿԿлӰڷٵ׻ʯڵķȥϵսȻ󽣺ݺݵز档
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598  ʥʯһ
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ɫأȴ˸ľֳĸϢǵƵӣǰһԲС
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599  ʥʯ
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ʱֻ߼ҵ֮һĸ߾ԿУնϹΪʹ֮ѪģͼɾϽٴλָ
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600  ʥʯ
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601  һ
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յĵطɭɭĽʬܽΪʬ⽩ʬڲȴʯ飬쳣ле⽩ʬϴźܶܡ

һĲҽдл˼
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603  
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Ȼ֪Ҿɱ֮ǰǰɡʬȻ˵Ǹлˣ·ڿϣս½Ϊϣ仰Ӧ˵ɣ⻰ĺ׼սսǰͺһһֻһһֻ־ܽ
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ǵٶ֮£սֶֻΪԹߡ
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604  ⡾һ
ȥöȥһиţΨбڣл˶һľС
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ʱǿռѷ죬һͷԺؿռӵİռѷ档


605  ⡾
ǶԿռ岢˽ЩռѷĻ֪̺İлȻԿռ˷ǳ̵ʶһ۱Щռ϶Ĳͬǲһ
Ҫлͺȵ
׼ֵսֶһȶǶл൱ϤģȻ˵Ȼԭġ
ʬȴǲܲʵ˫ţһĿռųʹǿռеĿռѷԽԽ࣬ռԽԽܼǻԵһĺ⣬תţХŽ
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˫ؿռӵİϵһռһռӣӾʩչߵؿռӵİأлЩռѷ죬٩٩̸δʱ򣬾βؿռİأˡһռ϶ȥ
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606  ⡾
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Ȼ꣬ԹԾɲܻ⡣
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ҹƯлǰ̾һصͷҳȥҹռ佫õķӡλǰ
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ʬ΢΢һЦڵϣûϢֻȴһĨЦ⡣
ɵл˰벽վڽʬǰ档
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˿Žʬݣﲻпǧ꣬һлΪˮȴԶֵ顣
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ˣҼǵú֮˵ʹʵֵģһδ˵Ī棬ĻҹһжʹŹֶƳ
лͷԲҪҹռ䣬Ǹνʹʥ̥֣ûҹֶԿռҲ޷߳ҹռ䡣
ֶЦ϶ܵģʹ޷ռ塣
һ㣬лҲ֪Ի͵ʹһźɣЩ뷨лĿҹ𾫴档


607  һ
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ûгɹҹ𾫴ԾҪǿûκϵĵһ֮ϵǿڡ
ҹ𾫴⣬лǸп
ҹ𾫴⣬ǿΪ࣬ǳɾս֮ҹ𾫴źεȵ
ֻлȴԵ
סľԣΪľԶٻЩų⣬öעԵӵУˣҲΨǴĻԡ
л̾һ豾츳Ȼߣڵõҹ𾫴⣬δɾпҪԽķչ켣ˣҪΪսʵĻлҲɵģϾҹ𾫴ǷҹһЩ˭֪ء
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ץУлǼӲ̶ȣɵһп
ͷǰѽ𵶣Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
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л˳ɶĹ֮£ɫԲʯ˵ȻڿĦ˻ǡ
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䣡
ɫԲʯٴԸ͵̬Ƴײȥ
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أ
ǵĽ𵶶ʱҵĴӵ߿գһ뿪棬ǷŽеţʱ
лһЦ˳һ̣ץС


610  춯һ
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лһЦǴӴԺ󣬶ݺǿ£˭ǿ˭ҪǵıˣڽϾûõġ
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ţռٴβսҲͿ衢ս졢ִֶսǶϯߵˣɱѽѷ֡


611  춯
˴սˣȴռϷ硣
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ЦϴŵѣһɰȻ֣ؿռӵغȻѣǸĵҲ飬ȴûôˣһϣûʲôֿͱնɱ
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л״򻺻Ƕ
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Ƶ磡
лٶȷӵޣ׷ĵزɲǼ׷ҹץС
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лǽҹ𾫴͸Ļ¸ûԸһսˣڻʱһóҹ𾫴Ļ֣»ڵķֱȻԼ˶ֵġ
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һСʱȥˣʥɢԽԽŨһĨɫĹâɢ
ʥϾҪˣЦټ״ȵλǻ֪ɣŵ걻峤꣬ҪָʥǵõʥžͽΪ׼սʼĴڡ
Ƕϯߡ֣֣»ɫһ䡣
ڸлʦˣٳһţôл͵ڵõһɡ
ǵȻϣŻָ
ķ˺Ĭľۼһ


612  춯
֣ҡ塢ķһʮˣÿ˵ʵﵽʥܹ֮ǰĿռ䣬ȻǴ˴ǰĸеľ񣬾֮ܵлʮˣĲࡣ
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ܴѹܱɫѡУ򵥰ŮЦǲԭġ
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Ů΢΢һе㾯Ŀлû뵽лĶĵǣΣ
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Ӧս״Ц裬Ϊһ֮˽֮ضܣ벻ȴǿջϲһɣҹδȫ
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618  ءһ
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ഺõĸолǻѹеĲˬ죬һӾͻΪˡ
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619  ء
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֣ҷٵķչ׳󣬽ؼ֣ҵǾŸС忪ʼ˦ɱϾǼడڷвԾ֮ìܼڴʱ֣ȷ˹С壬ȴܸıΣϾҡҵȶڻĶţ֣ҲòóһЩìܣһΣʹ˽ìѾѹˣΪìܣﻹǵı˴˻ٶֳǵģԿڿഫʹìܸδ⡣
ڶìܱɫ񵤵ĳ֣ʱõϿɵĲ֣ˣǼ֣ҵһС֮ˣ˭֪ս½Ϊϣһ˳ɳʲôĽأδɳͱɱǾĵ飬ŷ֣澹Ȼ֣˵Ӱӣǰҵġ
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Ҷصʲô춷һĶ֮Упۺûһ٣Ҳаʮ֣ʱҶ˵ǿߣƫƫҶҵһҲ֪ǲ֣νѾˣûжˣҶϾ֣ˣСˣ˭֪֣ȡĶδ£ѡ˶֣ѩɽ£Ҷ弸ͽɽѩɽ춯صĶŽΣΪˣҶ巵֣ңɱ֣һ峤ҴҶҽеһЩ֣ң֣峤ıɱҲΪ֣Զĳ裬ìܱٴαˡ
˵Цìܿ˵Ѿ޷ܵĵزɾȻٶȱѹȥˣΪˣìȴҲ޷⣬֣Դ˷ֳ֣һϵһǵĴìܱʮǰһγˣɫѡ̳ߣһ֣죬һСˣѡǰһǸСʧˡ
֣»ⳤƪ۵˵Ȼʡ˺ܶණһȴȷĸл
֣ҽʮųɾڵĵλǲˣҪ֣ڵķ֣ȫìܵļǺѻ⣬ЩСˣ˵Сֻ֣Ҷԣ·棬˼ҡּҲδرǿ⵽֣ҵĴѹ»ΪǰĿֲڣҲδؿ֪
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⡣лҲĨǣֱ˵˵һȷ˵ģҲ൱֮ǰ˵ܹ㣻ڶΪʲôѡң䶯죻ʲôݣΪܹ˵Щ֣ڲС֣ܵҵĶƣܲûʱڷչȴҲӦòսӦǿ϶İɣΪ


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621  Ӣһ
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ǷˣҲ֪Ϲʥȴдһݡлʦ˵
½ػߣ
лһƺƺϹʥйأΪʲôϹŴҪɵлʦˣǽΪĿֲΪ½ػƺΪƺӦһɷǳµǡ
һսҪϴˢĳ裬Ҫ㿪Ҫ棬֮Ծкɨ½˹ĵлûһԽͬνӢһ˵
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Ƿǳɰܣǧʷϡлĵ
˹Цһɿֱʣƿ𶯲ãأĶȴû˿¶
ﵽزһԣֶԾأǽã˷һֻżԿһ˿ನһЩСѡ
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626  Թ
л˶ס˺
ֶԾҪսӵľˣлƾż䣬ʥҷŽһ֮Ѿ
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ӢЯĴޣ꣬ձǴ½ػһʼӣ˹˵
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׼սʼĿԣĿڿײһʱĽ񱩵ͬʱǵϼ
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лߣҲ޷׷ǵٶȣΪٶѾĳ̶ȡ
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˵ӰֻǸоеԪϵײȴôҲҲӰ
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ꡢս졢ֶơҲǳȴһȫĵͶ뵽ǳսС
ͨԪĲͨ춯ͨļ¶ȥȥȥĶⳡȻǹۿͬһÿ˵ĸȴǽȻͬŸԵĲ
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Ϊ˹׼ȷ˵ΪͻƲɵģԵҲˣ˶һ˿޷ֿĸо

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Ϊ̫ٶȶ޷ӰڰУ˶ܹĿá
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ȡ֮ɱ¾зâ¶н棬պƵлһȻʧɫ
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ؼ䣬ΪߣΪף쿪أɻһۻࡣ
ؼ䣬ΪߣΪ𣬿ɷһ
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ףϵػ𣬹һƬ硣
УӰ·Ӱ˸ͷ⣬̤ͣڰС
󣬰˴ս˹ƽؼ䡣
˴սս۷壬ϧϧлʦĵ˱ȶ׼ս֮
󣬰˴սеһƽĵλս򣬻ع֮󣬱ɱչأɹء
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˴սͬʱǰ
˴սս׼սʣ֮Ļ


627  ɨ
ս˴ս֣Ϊ֮㤵Ŀֲһð˴ս˺Ȼл֣»֪νսʮԶô࣬ԭаٷ֮ʮʮսƾԼģǽһЩķİ򸶳ȵȿµĴΪġ
ǰ˴սĳ֣Ծޱȵ𺳡
һѡ¶Ǻɨһصĳڣлܶ϶Уǽķʵ
ȻǾҵǶ֣ҾǺɣлʦĵ
½ػߵϲַ
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һɫĻһʱһսնϣѪɽأձһѪɫɱ¾ϢûܹлʦôֱɱսȺС
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ʵĲ࣬һֵ̣쾡£˭赲ʵڹͣʱ
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ܵ׼սƵѹȣսХΪһս۷弶ִ졣
ս۷壬޽ӽ׼սʵĳ硣
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лʦһӣһ⣬ųߵ¶ȣսòˣʹֱս۷弶ǿߡ
ս۷ǿȣһ޾ϼ֮ڹ֮ͨļ

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ս۷弶ǿߴǿҵĲңƴطȴûЧã˱㻯Ϊҽʣ
һĻս۷弶ǿɫ䣬ﻹͣתҪߡ
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ʦȻ֪Ҳˣл˵ʵɳѾǵ֮ˣһʹʥߵռܱȥ󲿷֣Ǿ͸ӱˣΨжԲסʦˡս
ǿ֪˴ʹʥغߴƵѡ񣬸Ĵ޽ӡǻعĹؼĴޱ޷ع飬д½ػһҲδܹ½İȫлʦ
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лʦ΢΢һЦȻΪ˵ӣ̳д½ػһҵĳɣȴԾҪ߹һߵģֻϧһȴҽɱΨһϾŴսʩչϽˡ
˹ɫ䣬ָлʦǹ⽫Ǿĵص͸¶ȥģĿľǵԸ壡
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лʦһָлˣǿԣҽŴս˹Դ֮ڣ˵սʮλʥλĵز˿ǰӢ۷һĻ׶Ͼ


628  Ӣۡһ
һֱޱȣ˼ŵǿ˹е壬ȴҲڼʽǰ̨ʱȻֽشлѩɽͼطȥ
ĳȣڱлʦһ仰Ƴ
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̶̼֣·ޱȵش˹ϣ㱩ߣǿһ˫۾Ծɭĺ⣬ɱĶŸлʦлôĳ
ֻѭϹʥʵִ´½лʦһ̣ͬһɱƽȴ˸елеವֱð˹Ƿ񲻷
Ҳ˹ȵ
лʦĵӦ֪Ǵ½ػϹʥ裬Ϊ˷ֹһгưԴ½Ұģһҵʺϵĵӣͻʵˣҵ˽һ룬ƾһոտ׼սʼľɫһֱֻɽ㻹Զ
⻰˹ȻлҲĿɿڴлʦȻѾ˽һԾɾּ䣬ɱս
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лŽ֣ףͼ޵۹۶ʱΪʲô޵ıɱŽ໹ܹޣͣһֱ֣ŽΪλͷ
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˹ŸлʦЦΪܳɹ𣿵½ػߴ֧ǿߣӢۣĴޣأΣȻ˶ʧȥ˺ɨ½Ļᣬʧȥ˳ưԵĻ֮ãӢأȫĴ˶ֵֽҡҡҡ֣ңĴṩŻָƾ߸ҳϣ߸ٸһЩʱ䣬гӢ۵ʵڣߣǸûʸ̤벽
ԲоŴսΪǣĽлʦ΢΢һЦطˣӡԲķΧڴ˿ռڣսܷʥλʮӵʥλֻʥλʥֻвʺ缶ʱڣ޷Լ
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Ŵսǣ˹ɭԿޣΪԣ׵ںϣǶĿơлʦ֮ҵܹģϹʥʣҲǰʦ
˵꣬лʦ˫ǣЩѪʼϡͣɢȥ
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֮ǰԳݡλᶯ֣ڣ൱սʮ֮ڣֻܷӳʥʵ޷赲лĿܣϾлǸ˹е鷳ġ
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˹лʦһϺȣһε㽫һȥﺣʹʹĴսһɣתл˵һоͿǵˣ
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лһۣһ˷ܵĳ嶯ҲнţҪ֪˾ԶǵʵεȵĿֲܵƣôֻܷӵʥʵĿĿҲ൱ĿֲսЩĸ֣ʵҲԲͨʥܱġ
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ӢֻҰʷд˵ȴûеõ֤ǿڴ˼̳ӢʱôܲȥսЦ
лˣЦߣ
ߴͬʱڿն
Ŀֱָ壡


629  Ӣۡ
ߴȥ˵Щһʱ侹Ȼ˸øʲôֱл˵ӰʧǴ˻Ȼ
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һͱε˻ȥʱǲŷ֣ԭǵΧȻһεĿռڣǾ˸С
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ʵǣǶϤ˹Ϊǣ˹ǵǾ˻ᱻлɱǣлǷ˹ֶΣԲδǶ֣Լȴûз֣棬ѾкܴĲˡ
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˵Ҳ´½Σյĵط֮һΣϵ׼սʼȥ޻أ⻹ΪԺħˣĻھۼĶħޣǵ˿ȥĵط
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жǰǿɾûаˣлóɵžԵĿãϺɽǻľҲԽ˷һľԵá
ó鲨ˮԵģϾǸлʦĵӣΪܹɵĴʦмҲ⣬˫Ŀ⣬ʵ֮۵īɫ㷢Ʈ裬һֵɫˮβϾˮˮ飬ֵõлĲˮϾˮǾ˵ġ
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ǻҽսȴһ಻һ׵ĵطԶԶĹţΪɽĳͣȻ֪פζʲô
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ΪľԵɵܵϢĴ̼ͬ˾˵ԣϵزϵصɢһɫΡ
֮ӦǣΧԲǧڵеĻľ֮ģǺҲܵ˸Ⱦ׷ҡҷɫ磬׷׵ķɢһʱ䣬ԲǧڣɽҰ㡣
ۻϢеˣδڴ

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Ҳӽɵһ˲䣬лǷžȻڹı仯ػһ̬Ůˡ
Ůͷɢʨӵ壬壬ββףҡţͨ屻һɫϢţŮò毺ãȴޱȿֲĸол΢΢һЦл͸еһ·𱻴ʲô
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ҲţܹΪ׼սʣεʵŴĶߴֵһоɣȴһĶϳβһЩźͲء
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635  ա
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641  ϲ
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642  򣡡һ
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644  򣡡
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ҪǳϸһԼʹãһзʩչĻͻļʩչҲǳļѣҵжϣǿҪʱ䣬пƳӡ㹻ʱ׼̵˵
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˵ӡ֮󣬶ʱʵ޷ָ𣬻ɱ޲֮ȫ׷ϵġʮĵ

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ȻԸյİ취ͬҲ֪պ޲صĶԹ֪Ȱûõġ
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֪պ޲أǰҵǿʱҿǰȥô֡˵޲Ǵ˵ģڶ峤һ˳λ̳ˣǧյҲǧյεĵһ˳λ̳ˡ
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655  塾һ
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658  л
Ѫˮںˮб嵭
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ĺϮлеԼϵĺëˡ

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661  аҫ졾һ
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662  аҫ졾
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663  һѪһ
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665  һ
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668  ëһ
޼帮ۡڣַǷлδ룬ѾſĶͨһϢ
һʱ̶һۣһЦ
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673  ɱ䡾
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Ϊʹе䱾ʿ˵ǴĹƫڻԺͰԡ
ȻڻǰԵú޵λɱϾǼ̳˰ԣ˾봿Ĺ̬ơ
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ڴ˵أı˿ҲбɵľԵģɱҲʹߵ任
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ƬҲҵĲѵļ
˼飬ֻƬôлĵ
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ͼ׵ɢǴлһ˿ʧӰ٣·δڹ
ƬľҲʼȫ޵֮ڣʹ俪ʼԵı仯شӵɫɫİɫҶʧˣ֮޵仯

ˮʥһЩƣſڵϡ
ֻܷӳ۷ʱڵܹһѾ൱ˣõİ취ǻָ֮󣬿ҪָɱˮޣǵʵҲ޾ܵǿսϾ
ԭƬԵɫΪģǵɫоȻһ˿˿ĽɫĹâȫƬ˸ı䡣
Ǽ˽Ѫлϲ
޿ɲǵ޴ģĸһѪޣ丸ǽ˾ʹѪħѪҽѪʼܵѹơ
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Ǿ֮֮ǺųİҲҪʰ·硣
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ҲƾŴʥ֮һھŴʥȴʵģ˵ϹʱڣŴʥҲмĲģҪҵһȼŮȼսͷƽȼǺǿİͬһ𣬲Ȼܴˣսе࣬ǶǿʣҲǰǸģĵλ˱ҪߣŮսͷƽͬġˮʥ͵ȻҲûܹɾʥ֮λģֻԶԣѣˡ
лһǰϽϣ


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ϽлĸԭϽ·лһִһ㣬ͬĺӡ
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ǹʥеǿϢɱе޶һ˿Īľ¸УⲻʵģǵȼϵĲ࣬ȻʵǿᣬҲɳ֮ΪǱϾδﵽʥĵز
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⵹ǣٱϾʥˡ¬˱ʾףʥںпպյģųƵһǿǴϾΪ޼ʥģϾסӽʥ׵鵺
лֵȻûеϾӦݴ֮λǰ˵ϱǸģôסʥ׵أ
¬ҡͷҲ̫˵ʮǰҲǾסʥ׵ڵģɺ֪ιۡᵽ鵺
ʲôʱ򴴳ģлһʵ
ţǰᵽ鵺֮󣬶ԭ鵺ҲǽɫģӴϰȥ֮󣬾ͱ˺ɫģŽǸСıΪ鵺ġ¬˵ҪȥĻôͷΪϹ涨ǰȥǶԴϵƣ𲻱Ҫ鷳ġ
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׾һִԵĶ
ǰлĶǴĹԣûκһΪĶҲĸԣһǰ޵С
յıǶǽԵġ
Ϊľѩɽõһ޶ܣٵˣٵЩʲôĸأ
ʮһζѡ񹥻ôƾҪ군ˣĳ֣л˵ҪԿ֪
ǿߵʱһζʹųնаҫ졢սơɱĴ󶷼йȡһɱ޼λӵпٻֶָΣпҪˡ
лȲ
⶷ڼصúʵʥ޲ͬҪ˵ķԸǿʥԶԣҪһ㣬ԭǣˮʥĻ棬ԼƬص㴴ġ
Ҫ֪ˮ޿Ǽ̳Ϲ˫Ѫۼ׷ͱۼ׷ҪǿȻǿ
νǽʵͬѹɳ壬ѹɳҺ壬ҺѹɳΪ壬ÿһεѹһֱ仯Ǽͳ̶ȻǼģǸֵͨһֶνѹһЩγɵʥ
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ʥǿҪʥϡеı
ǸЩ֣ʮǿߣжûгʥܹʥлжϣʥλľ磬ӳֵλֵĹǺܿԵġ
ֻˮ޵ľѪеɱ䣬Ǽʥأ᲻úʯٴηɱأ̲ס
ˮʥЦǵпܣˮϵģκϵûгͻˮϵҲǼǿģϣ
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лǿŵطһָǽɫԲʯľ޴󰼲ۣþȫʹɵһٶ൶ġ
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Ǳ۾ҲٿȻ۾ȵĵⲻܽнʯˣнʯˡ
ʯţƺȷģܳɹҿҲܽʥˡлЦ
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ܹնӲ̶ȣԴȷԳ֮Ϊ
лȻҲͬˡ
㿪ʼʯ̺Ľʯ֮ɣͨɵġ
ưڽʯ档
ȴӵ۵˫Žŵףϣл˵֮๵ͨҲܹʹôĸ֮һȫתΪԣҸǵۻء
˫Žŵףʼת
Ȼž˫ȣظұ֮ӣʹתӵѸͣһӴұ۵ļӳ֣ת֮ԽԽǿ󣬵ĵʱ򣬴ɢͺһֲ类ѹһ㡣
ת֮Ҳ͸ǰۣʯڡ
ǡ
ڽʯʵ̫ӲлҲ޷񶷼ڼصǰ㣬ܹɵĻȡľڡ
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û⡣Ц
ٵȻ˫һ㡣
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ˣҲ˽СʱлŽĿʼоһ˿˿ĳ˽֮֮ӽʯͨڣȴֻܻ࣬ٳɶ࣬ʱġ
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лǡǡ෴
һĽɫĹ⻪滹һķתţص㡣
ΪŶһԵ
أлϵĶҲʼɢļѾ̫󣬾ʥλҲ޷ġ
쿴ͺ
ˮʥޡƶ˳ָķȥ
ʱлΪֹţѾʹˮϵʱڵĿԺһϢ
Ǳ㿴лĽŵһŽɫĹ⻪Ľŵ׿ʼӣȻСȡϥǡȡβţٵĸǵͷ˫ۣ󸲸ָ֮лȻ۾
Ҳ˽ʯʧȥɫĽʯ棬̱ѣһƬƬ顣
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л΢΢һЦɹˣ
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ĸоҲõ˼˵֤ҲĶԴ
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ҷ֣񽫴¸ˣûǣǽʥ׵Ŵȫ뵽鵺ͣҪڽϯǣ˵Ҫ׵Ŵ֮󣬿߱кԺһܵأͨĶͨҶ϶ǸܵĴʮػиһЩãЩɣðǱ븮УʩչĶͨһ
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ǻҪȥп尡
Ʋ˵лܴˮʥʥ׵Ŵ鵺ȻĿģֻǻʲôĿİˡлЦеĵҪ󡯵Ľȥ
ǡ󡱣뵽˿Ķ޼峤³µҪùˡ


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ڴϿνĲ鵺Ƕ˵Ҳڴϵõӡ֤ܶʵﵽɷϵĸֶԴ˱ʾȵĲΪǿΪ׬Ǯġ
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⵺鵺нһḷ́ǻҪڴ϶ȹһҹշ٣ÿҪһöң۸ߵľˣҲܶĲˣлҲһ䷿
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ʮܱѡʵǵǱﵽʮģϸԱһС֧֣еһʮϡ˵鵺ϣҸоһЩʮƺͼϡˣܸоҲĸλڿߵĸС
ʮѾ൱µһˡ
̵˵ĴʮָػˮޣôҪԸˮޣȻҪĴʮֶԿ
ʵޣѾﵽʮ۷壬ԸʮҲûʲô⣬̶ԸһˮʥûûˮڵԴؼ⻹֣һսȻ鵺ϵ֣ǲǸϵ֧Ԯ֮ǰˮʥûԼԴǱٱľ档
ҪһʧҲûа취Ҳ뵽ֿԡ
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Ǹð취Կ˵ΨţֲϣһˣˮޱסˣΣȱ֤ԼлλҪɲףҪӳ顣
Ǳڷڿʼ̽ٳֿߵİ취
ԾǰС
һƫתҹĻǺڰʱȻ賿ңʱ
лһİ취зѡ֮󣬼ƣǵ۵Ȼ졣

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λֱ봬ڣʼ
ǼǴز飬ûзŹκһطСʱ֮󣬲ŴӴڷɳûҵ
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ѵǰ´뿪ˣҪ鵺λɻĵҴΪģɢǧѰҡ
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лһЦ˷ֱͬķȥлȥǶϷһλ֡
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˷ʮһˣȥµˣ˵λ֣лĿǽȫɵ
Լнٶףл׷˶Ϸ֣ʱ䣬ɫʣٶףͫҲѿ
ھ˴ʮ׵ʱлʩչƵ磬Ȼٶޡ
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Ҳʳһ֣л㵽˾׵ĵطкһţ·ɵ
һ⺮֣λֶٸвæ
ˢ
·ɵһϸѪۣ˹ȥһ亹ںʣĺؿڴ˵ͷһһѷĽɫѾǰͱ룬¶𵶣㣿
ûҾҪɱˡл񵶣˵飬ҽжûˣҲһУڷе·ɵ֡
һ
лٴתƷĿϷҲһλڽѰ編ơ
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˾֪һ˲ӦҪʣȴһ̧ͷͿʮˮ
䣡䣡
ּ״ĳֹ
ˮըѣֱӽǸˣΨλֵ֣֪Ӧڶ޼ֹޣҲ޵Ŀֲʶûгֺˮ⣬ѡܣʮˮµĿռ϶ӳȥ
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ֻһֻ˫չʮף峤˾ףףӥͨɫëƸֵħ޳֡
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лһ۱ϳħ޵ݣǷǳģܹδ֮ǰᲢ۵ޣ˵ӥžŴʥص֮Ѫס˫Եĳħޡ
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һ˻ڶлƣӥȴѾֱ£˺ȻٶɲǼﵽ˼ޡ
죡
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˫չĦХеǳ֣ʹȥӵͲһӥצſһץһϸ˿ĵɢȥͬʱ˫΢΢ķγɡ
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Ըſһϻɱɵʥףʥ׼еĿֲϢʤһ
һ£ӥ̷ʩչ׸ħ߿ճȥ
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ӥʵߣǾȡ־˫ʱҲڴ˿̳֡
ֻһĨӲӵĹ⺮ƿϵ磬ֻǸӦһ̣ҲѾԽռ谭ӥ·׵λãзͨ͸ؼҲһ
Сģλּе
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꣡
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ƴʱҲϯĺˮˣҪؿƵģصײ
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صײӥϡ
һζͷ­ӥʱ˺ѳѪ⣬Ѫɣ඼Ҫˡ
һӥʣƴҪߣʵ̫̫ˣ岻ܿƵ׹С
Ӱ˸
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ӥǰնһ˶ױ㱻ն£л˳ƽӥʬռָڡ
ˣӥ׽
ʮһʮֻһ˻ţɿǰпһĻﻹͣƴ
λʮ۷弶ǿǰͬ׳׶һ棬ֻ̫һ̣㽫նɱ
ǴĿһУҲŵ
лˮƣһ鵺ķȥܿʧ˵С
鵺ռطǳ
ԴϿߵݣҲ޷óأֻÿһطһʥѡ
ʵȻл˷
Ǻɵı鵺ڡ
һεĵط̰ͣ鿴ڵĵطߵĴϸۡҲʮ
ħġ󡯵ʵ뷨ˡЦĵǲǰɱǣ
лû߼Ȼ֪ʥһСĵģܵİ취ǲǵ鵺;бɱѣҲŻǰ͵ϮΪ޳ֹʮԿһɳʮǰǾͿԼһǿ۰򡣡
Ļ߻Ϊʥ׵ʥվһϣΪأ
δأʥ׵ѡڼȴеĳϾۼ鵺棬˵ʲôʲôʱڲԣҪڡлЦǺǵĵ
ѽĵѵ
̵ûҽһ£óĴǿҪŴϲӦþƸоĵطɣڿ޷ļƻУֽȥҵʱˡ
Ҵʹл˵һ漴ϲڽ𣿡
һ֡
ߴӰǵǰ
Ȼϵս꣡


679  һ
鵺ĸۡȻǴ󳤿ߵģϵݣͬһ㣬һ£ĪҲӡ
лУͭǽڵıݰӴۡͬûзƵģϣһʩչĶͨһУһʹݵضУ׾ٵı븮ڡ
лҲɵһ̼֮ģ߲࣬ĸ߼ȡ֮
ν߼Ǿܹڸж
Ҳױ˵ģһ߲˾ôҡڵڸڴ
ڵ֪ҪᣬпԺһ֮л㽫ưھԼʮ׵һڣˮԵģˮ飬ˮУȫҲҪԼʮ׵ĵطܹͨĶͨ̽⵽Ĵڣ˵ʮֵİȫ
ʱ򣬴ϿѾõлնɱӥʮµϢʱþͽһӸˤˡ
ʮһ֣ʮӥ˵ǿ൱ǿһˣôʧˣʹޡ
һ߰Ͱ׼ᣬһɳĸֿʼѲ鵺´һҪл˸ɱۣػˮ޵ĵطʮ֣ϽѲ飬Χˡ
ȴ֪ʱлڵĳڵһ䷿̵ĳźϵľζƷξƣȻһƿʥƣǴӾƽ˰ҵġ
ɱ
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лȵξƣѾȹһЩʥƣıʣٺҲã͸ıʡ
һƺȸɣлϵĳˮƽ治
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ɲƻģ˫лưĽϵζͳͳ븹С
Ҫһ죬ܹ˶ð보һЩСˣںߣɽϣϦµ߽˵
лЦò˶õġ
㰡̫šЩпĵһֱҶûʲô̫ȱ㣬Сë٣Ҳ޹شţڿ̫ž㣬㣬˵ɣˮʥ㱻ɱڶ޼壬޸ȥļʱҲΣˣ̫ɵģӦҪΣʶ̫š
δһлϸһ룬ˡ
鷳Σպڴˡ
һУ˵ǾһҲ̫ţҲǶԸлʦĽĹţäĿΪûʲôܹ赲ˣʵȴǡǡ෴ǰӢ۵Ӣ飬ǧǰҶ׼¾Ҫɥפˡ
֣лԽԽú¡
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̿ʧģЩվĽǰؽӿ뻳УͷǸʵ˫ڣҲҪ̫ˣģԺֻҪǵȫһЩˣʵ˵ҲĳйأϾһЩϹŴ˽̫ˣֻҪһ㣬ЩںܳʱĴ塢壬ǶȻ֪ıֶΣֶοģΨˣǲſǧ֮ã˽սҲ̫յЩ޵жδܹһɱģ㻹кܳʱ䣬˷񡣡
ϴĵ㣬ҵʮ˫壬лһƬܰ
û˿
еֻǰ꣬ݣ·̵ĻУͰȫˣлҲףʱ̫۵ԵʣʾǳǵʹҹռľһеľһˮʥΣյȵȣƣͬƣ
ս״˲Ըսͷ
Ҷˡл˫չס
ڽļƻϸһ£Ȼʥ׵һĴϣʵǿҲ൱ӴһʵģĻܹΪϵģҲ˵ˣһĴϾǿߵļᶨ֧ߣ֪Ƿصĸأ˵Ҫƿߣ˭Ҷ϶ˮֻп֪û֪ء
ţûȷøһЩǡлͷ
΢΢ԼĻУıظţָպ˾ˮдҲϵ˵ſߵĸ֣ԼŴϿܵľٶ
ǵļƻȫΨһֵܳǣߵвĸ֡л
̵ֿ𣿡
УǼʷǳСлԥĻشʱǷ·ֻص˵ںɽΧСڣҪȡϽӣ˶Իģʱ̾ҪԵл˼ά󿪡
꣬˶ǣоȴǰơ
һЦһܰС
СûУҪһʧΪһСĳ֣Ƕԣˮʥأ̵
ҲûлûԼԴӴֻܷӳɵлɫصĵ
ýҲıȥ̵
лǳ֣ݵλȻҪ߹ߣʵȻߣǾʮǿ˫Ŀ˸ǻ۵Ĺ磬ǽķһ˿Ц⣬ǿô
ԴһߴﹾĽ
ԭصɫطˡ
֪䣬һôȥˡ
Ҳʽʼ
лҲҡڵǾĵطҲĻᱻ֣Բûǰ¶棬Ƿֿˣ̲ݳ֣ǱŮվڴڵһ䣬лվڿ棬ﱾһģȻǱɵˣˡ
һжɵĽš


680  
ĺɫ͵ĵƹŮˮ㽫ζϣҲһЩƱˡ
лվ档
ʱҲ£չĶͨܵȥܵʵԵʣҲΪĶͨˣʥλҲֻܲԲһٶ׵ķΧڣٴһЩĻǾͻģˡ
׷Χڣл˺ܶӵ
̸ע⡣
λʮ׵һڣһֻ˵ȴһɸ߸ζ𣬸̵ĽܣӦþʥ׵Ͽߡ
ҵûУߵ
һԲϣЦûУǺƾʧһһ죬鵺ǧڵĺ򣬶飬Źκһطʼûǵ˿ټǾͺƾʧһ㡣
߲û˿ľ棬ƽļûаĲǹĻٵ޼壬ǹǵע⣬ȻʧͱǶȻǶ鵺һжзǳϸ˽⣬Ǳҳǲ⡣
ǣѯʵ
ʲôǵĿӦˮޣ㽫鵺ĳϵֽԺԱҲ޷˵ڽҪĻǰƻ£ǧǸƻˡ
˴Ӧһ뿪ˡ
̵жϣ鵺٣ǼеĳɣǹʮˣԭĴʮ֣ڵ˵ûпͻƽȥģΨ߽ݾĿϿߡ
ûãߵķٶȽȥһˣȴһŮӡ
׼𣿡ߵ
Ůӵһж׼׵ˡ
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ϣĳϿҩʦģɢδܹ۾ɣŮЩɵĵ
ס˵Ƿƣߵĵ
ˡŮӶа
ȵŮ뿪֮󣬿ߵķ˰С
лȴֹƣ֣ȻҪʥƸˣҪ֪ʥƿξģѵ˵Ƹ治ɣ˵Ļеˡ
оǣɢʲôرĶҩҲ̫ѣһҩʦܹһϳڣȴܹⲻ˵ƵĶ֮
ʥܹһʣл֮ǰʮ壬˾ĸо󣬵Ծɻϸ΢ĸоǾЩΪĲλǿһЩƻʲôأ
лЩڴ
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ʱһڵĶԻлע⣬˵֮Զʥ׵ĳǡ
ϣ˵ĻὫڸǣһʵ
漴ΪϵĿȿڵһĿԡ
ҿδء˵
ĳϣӦ֪Ըʲôɣʥ׵ϿЦ˵ʥ׵ʮΨһŮԡ
ĳЦΪε
ϿȵûҰģ˵Ǿ˽֪εȥѾЩˣҪʽʽΪֹѾĴ޷ѡεǾֻмʹͶƱֶѡˣΪ£һЩ˲ſԣ˵һĿҪȡ֧֡
ĳ˵ͷ
Ͽȼ˵ɻһֿܣǱǳô˻Ὣģ߶Ϊźܴҳ
ҲĵģϣôǸô죿ĳǵĵϵΪˣ̫ˣΪĿĲֶΣҾǻҪ׼ǡ
Ѿ˷ֻҪκβǵжһʱͿ£ߡϿóһԲƵĶнɫĹ߹ţһǴߵġ
ĳϿԲ̣ɴϲӡǶ㴫䣿
ϿЦû´½ǺмģֻǺʦ׾ǰʦˣûʸΪ
⻹вͬһֱʦΪİĳϲĵ
ȻͬǴĲͬǺлʦ׼սʣΪֹΨһһ׼ս۷弶ǿߣѾ޽ӽսʼˣҲǴ½ػߣΨһʦʵʦҲûʸΪϿȰȻ˵ΪϹʱڣʦͨģɲʦڵЩʦﶼģϹʱµǻģ
ĳϴ㵵ؿ
Ͽȵνģ˵ܹκһҵõͨԲ̣ͿԽ㴫䰲κһطϹʱװ档
˵䣬ϿóԼıȻԲ̷棬ڶתԲɫ˸
Ƭ֮ԲɣĶ㴫ȴˡ
ĳٿϿȵǶ㴫Ľɫͼ棬Ҳ̫ˣ
ϿȵȻһЦϹʱڣֻͨһֶΡٽԲ̰ȥܿǶ㴫ֱתƵԲ棬ûУڵʦܹȣҪ֪ϹʱڣǺųԻʱܱȵģֻϹʱһλʩչͨӡһѪеĿΥϹװʦͳͳٵˣȻĻʱҲ˽ġ
ĳϵΪʲôҪӡһѪٵϹװ
ԴӱӡǿߣδֹսʣҲ׼սʣһЩϹװڣʮӵеĻܹɱ׼սʣȫƻڵԭҲ̫Ͽ˵
лһ
Щ飬ǰ˴ϹŴ嶼û֪ʥ׵Ͽô֪ģ˵ǶٵˣģŶ㴫䣬ǿռϵʦµģ˵ǶҲãҲգʱ䡢ռ䳶ϹϵģǶǷƷӦû²ǡ


681  
ɻлͽʱ£ϸоʥ׵Ͽƺûô򵥣Ӧñٵڣһܺõ֤
ȻлҲڹעŴӴϿ߷߳ȥǸŮˣп߸ɢҪԴ
бǣлҲھܵĹעΧľ
뿴ǷǿߴڣϾδϿߵҰĿǷǳĴֻôһֶΣûк󱸵ģлҲ̫š
ϹʱǿʹôͨӡһѪһϹװ˲ףױ뷨ĳĵ
ϿȵͲܹ֪ˣֻн뺣һصʥڣһű˺ٵţһŽǿƴҲֻǿԭڵľԭѾջˣֻǾʹֻƬУҷ֣λӦΪࡣڰ֣Цȱǵ뷨ܹȵģҪˡ
ǵǡĳϵͷϽһʥǴʥڵõģ
ǰϿЦ
湻õģ
лֹȻ֪ڴڹɳʯֲ֪֮жǿ䣬ۺıκ̫̫лԵõȴ֮١
ɣ㷽Ų˵еϹװٵ𣿡ĳָԲ̣λڣ
Ҳлһֱ⡣
ٵˣȻܴһ˸оƺô򵥵Ķ
˵أϿǲ߱˵ģϺĳϵĶԻлҲ³˹ϵһǡ
˵Ħ𣿡Ͽ˵
ɣ
֣л̲סѯʣ漴ӦٵĲ鿴Χȷûע⵽
ĳϸǳԾĵһ
ĦˣĦˣĦˣĳ˵飬΢ȶһ£ԾЩϽʥĦ˵ʧٵʥɣ
ϿҡҡͷĦ˵סΪɲʥǸʥӦǺĦ˵ĺὨģУҵһЩϧҲ֪Щܵģ޷ˮ棬ռָͳͳΪĩΨһľԲ̣Һ֣ѰʥеĹԲ̵ļأԲ̲ǺĦģСʱ򣬵һѧϰĵһƷΪ˵Բ̵ļֵʵ̫ˣԲδ⣬ǺĦҪСһѪ棬ԴԲ̾ӵ˿ɲϹʱǿµĴͨӰ죬ܹ
лλĳһ
ڵν棬ǿȻϹʱֻһСӵһѧϰƵ
Ƿ̣
Ħ˵һѪǱȻ̺ģϿ򣿡ĳϴϲ
ϿȿЦʵ̫޷͸үү˵ʵ̫ԶûдﵽܹĵزۣΨǧǰҶڶ裬ܹһЩʲɡ
ϵүүǲս۷弶ųʥ׵һʦλ˼ңĳҲɵˡ
ǲడϿ̾ĦȻϹʥʽǧ֮ãĻ±ϹʥʲҲٵģǺǻϹʥõĦ˵һЩУϹʱںԺĦ˵壬´ﵽսʼҲδܹΨҶϵĶʦʸɡ
лҲǸпѡ
ʿ϶û򣬱ϾˮԵģ̤ǿɹ˵Ħ˵ˮ֮ˡ
ֻƵǣĦ˵һѪϹһѪôЩðˣѵûһϵ
ͨƷлԲϵ߶ϹʱڵĶһһѪллǣأϾκһ˵ġ
Ҫ˵йϵɣʵڳϰϸ
ϣԺٴȥǸʥĳʵ
ȻУүүȥģϧʲôû֣οʥ֮ӴĶͳͳΪĩˡϿȲ޸пĵʥǿλٵĶʱǲ֪ԭ֮ǰ˽ȥһˣֻǺ֣ǰȥ֮˲ûٻȥҲ֪Щʲô
̸֮лް
ΨжϿеǸԲ˷ǳŨȤֻϹ֮ѪͺĦ֮ѪʲôԨԴͺá
£лҲֻѹĵףûйȥ˼Ҳûʱ䣬ΪǸӴϿõɢŮѾһԶԱȽƫƧķڣһ£ԾЩġ
оƶл̫ջ
΢㣬վλãʵû̫ʵԵҪʱ뿪һ£ӦҲע⡣
ȷûע⵽֮΢һţʹǸڡ
кܶ衣
лĵطһӵԱߣùӵסԼΣǸŮ޷


682  ơһ
ǸŮ˴һƹóһƿơ
ƹһ˲䣬лоһ˿ռףƿƾȻǱռӡˣѹֵַطҲıߣڶԿռ൱ҲûиоеĿռ壬ɼĿռȼǷǳ֮ߵġ
ࣣ
ƿǱ򿪡
һŨľ̴ɢ
˵ľ͹лЩڸǳǿҵҪƷһĳ嶯
лԾȲѡ
Ҫ֪ľѾ޽ӽԲֻǱţЩѣˣʩչѺģֻǵľ㣬Ȼǿҵĳ嶯
Ʒζĵľ㣬л͸еһƵ·ĳ͸ĿڱǶ۵Ƚڣо·Ӵˣ۾ˣӸˣ֮ƶ˵
⻹Ǿ㣡
лŬԼĸоѹ۾ƿƣΪǿҵҪĳ嶯
ƵЧþҪʥơξǿʮǿǾ㼸ʥˣŮӣǿǰģƿǵһ̣Ծ۷ֱĶš
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Ҫƺȥĳ嶯
ãŮӲű۾һȶĵǧܳһƿƣ˾һ޷ܾ
лҲĮȻ
¾֪жܲסҪȥɡ
Ůӽɢóصƿڡ
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лĿƿƣɻĿתʮƱ棬ﷺֹ
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ŮơʮƱ뿪˷䣬ҲδκεľƺлŴӰ߳
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л״ϿߵĿˣֻǶе㲻ףȻƱ˶ڰɢʲôĿģ
в⣬л׼ʱ䣬Ʊ˵
λжϣӦ߳ϵľƱл֮ϿߵľƱ˵֮ѡ߳ϵľƱΪǸطʱĿ۽ƵŮӵӾä㣬ᱻ
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лҲʮϵĳࡣ
Ͽ߸˵ĸоƣϿһȥ̴ŮˣҲǻٵһͬ㣬ȡ
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ƣơ
ŮԾվڴϿߵ󣬾ؿš
ⱭƣԤףʥ׵ܹͨѡεϿ߶Ʊ˵
˷׷׷ϡ
лüëһʮ϶¾ˮоŸƱжģȻ޷ӦǰմϿߵ˵ĳҩʦǰû֣֮ӦӦǡ
ҲǺ޸о
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ҲǷ׷׸͡
ʥ׵չ׳һֱҿĿ꣬ΪԸ⸶οϿ߿˵ʵʥû̫ġ
Ŵ϶˶䣬ĳϵʴϣģ
ǵķӦϿߺ⣬ЦǺǵĵؼȡĲͬʥʹõǽʯʯ֮ӲҲĿõģõҲǽʯֻǽ֮Ľʯ
֮Ľʯʯܽ߳Ͼɵ
Ҳзֵģͨһħ֮ѪʯõΪɫģӲ̶ǸˣҸȡʥʯԴΪʤһϿ˵
߳ϵʴǺħ֮Ѫɴ
ϿЦǺǵĵҲ޷ȷݣҪĻҿṩֽʥʯ
˵ŴϺȻ϶Ͽ˵ĿΪ˷ֹ֪ʲôħ֮ԼȥȡˣҲֻалֻܹ֪ǵҵθڶѣˮ޿Ǿ޽еģϾӵѪˮޡ
Ŵϱ׷׿лϿߡ
Ҷʥ׵ˣӦùͬʥ׵ʵġϿ߹Цһ׼һƿơ
ŮǰԽΪʮÿ˵˲뱭Ҳ֮һѡ
Ʊڵĵ֮СβָʱܿƵĲҲ׵ľ밡л϶ƺ;Ʊڵľ綾ϣγ˸Ϊֲľ綾
˶ȻҩָӦ˼ҡ
ɢ
лһˣɢӦҲǱƽҩԣ䣬һҩӣ˲ǽǾƱڵľ綾ġ
ʱϿڣʮᵽŨľ㣬¶˳֮ɫΨдϿǿܹаѳ˵ӣһ˿ױ˾Ц⡣
һϿȲĵѵǴ˵ҺоµҪǧ˲һƿƣ
ǣϺϿЦ
˴϶̲ס˾
ĳΪҩʦǳԾĵƣƣҺϹʱƣ
лһȻйأϹʱ֮ǰʵܱģϹʱǿģҲԺ󣬺ĳʱܹǿ´½Ȼйأкأ


683  ơ
ἰƵʱлҲ֣վһڣٰŮҲһ˿ŵɫʣȻ֪ưġ
͸лƳ˺档
ĳ˵ûϿ߰ȻϹʱҺ췭ظ仯ƣҲҺо죬ǧҪóı亣ƣһƿһƿˡ
ˣˣ
Һ
೤ȻŴϿߣ۽ȴűоƣи˸żعʡ
ϣóҵȹʵҵҡϿҲʱ򣬷˸п
߳ϵǰǰֻⱭһЩܹǴʮļʵˣ˵ǲǣĳϣ
˵Ŀ⼯ĳλҩʦϡ
ܵʥ׵ʥƵ죬ԶƵʶӦø㷺һЩҾĿڡ
ʥ׵ʥƱǸƵҩƪƳģҿ뵽ǲƪʥƱ½ξᲢۣƺεЧأĳϻ˵ۺϸϣԼʥƵƶϣܽƵô㣬һƣüһһЩʮֵĿ֪ˣλҪʮѲǶļͣⷽ棬о֮ⷽҲǷǳģƱ
˵ǺƣԺֻҪӣɵؿʮˣ߳ϵ
ĳЦûʮʯʵһǱʮҲﵽʯķҲʮϸֺѱɱԭǵ̫ǿˣҲҺϹʱΪʲôܹԭ򣬽ܹǵʷԵĸı䣬٣Ҫǣʮ⿨ƣɿ´½ϵĸҪޣǶ໨ʮ굽ʱ䲻ֹڴڼ䣬ȻǶĸ֣ܹǿġ
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ƿƣҪˣ
л˾˾ƱҪУΪı´½ĸҲһ
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Ǳ˵ƣȴͻȻתƵԼϣлɵ䣬ʥ׵Լġ
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ʥ׵ԼҪ߹䶯֣졣
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ȻϿȵͷ˵˵жϵİɡ
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ǱϾлʦϿߵĵ
˳ϵһ㲻ɷϣǽķչλ֪ҵҲš
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ڣѻȸ
ûˣ˶ڽɰ˳˵ĵʵ
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ʥ׵ʮУȨľǰλϣĳΪʥƣԵλҲ΢߹һЩ˺ͶϹϵ̫ܣ˵ĳϺͶͬĸĽܣԶϾĳϴδйԡ
ϺͶϾһ£ĳϡ峤ϡ˳ϡųҲǰʾ֧֣Ѿռ߸ϯΣûκ
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󣬼æнԲȡʱ׼ԲڵĶ㴫䣬˵ء
ϣڿ˵˰ɣ˭лƣ֮߳ȿʵ
Ͽߵġ١壡
Уʮϼڵһʱ˷ԣϣκ֧֣ԣҾԣĽԣ
ûҲԣĽǰʹ壬ϹʥԣʹɳΪǺҲǾģ
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Ͽȼ״ҪԲڵĶ㴫䣬˭֪еȫһ񶼱ˣȻ޷ֻǿԲռָڣҲϡ
ϣ㣬㡭Ͽȵ
Ͽ߿೤ϣɵùЦΪܹӵпʮĻܹٶȴ֪ڼɢͨĶҩѪɢĻͻҵľ綾
ϣñɣϿȽе
ɣⶼǱƵġϿߵָһ˵ȣЦϹʥʲô飬ǾȻ˵Ļ磬ھ͸ǣ˭ҪǲҵҾ
елЦһҪԼҲҪΣˡ
ϣĽ嵽׸ʲôô㾹ȻҪʥ׵ɫЩڡ
ôȻǴĺôϿߵһƣҲĽеˮ޸ȡģѾ˵ǵʵƶó⻹˵ǵǿǾȻҪ֧лǸС˵͸еȫһһƨϣô᣿ŭĿƵŮӡ
ŮɫòҰףŵĵϣ⣬⣬Ҳ֪Ĳ֪ҰķԸڷžƱİ
Ͽ߿ŮӾŵӣ֪û˵ѣԼĻѾжˣŮȫԳġ
ȷжˡ
ϿǿԼڽʹζӿռָóһСƿһЩɫҩ裬ңҰѽҩó
šӵûˡ
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лǷһ˿Ц⣬ƲȫֵĹϷһ˿Ľɫ⻪

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686  ٳ֡
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692  ı
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693  Ѫһ
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695  䡾һ
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696  䡾
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ˮʥߵǺԼ㱻֡
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698  塾
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лԸо·ü
ҲֻھתԼɴûйɽ
Ҳ˵Ժܵ𵴵ĻȫԽұһ㣬˵ĿԴȼˣ֮ʹëԾȣ˵ǰȫԴ
Ƶʧлеļͳ̶ҲǿƲȫģѪ⡢ҲһЩģֻǸĳ̶Ȳ󣬱Ͼлйʮļ¼žʿԶܱͨģԴ󲿷ֵƻǼע档

һлܲˬʱ򣬴棬Ҳһ˿Ƶɫڴ
Ů櫣
ԭǴһԵУҲ˵ԣԼǿԼԵģͨٵĻָԼû뵽ƾȻӻ˹ҷôһпҪ֪ɫ񵤵õֻзǳǳٵһС֣ԾˣƵá
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Ψл֪Ů˵Ŀģ쳣һףȷ㣬ڿʼòҪٳ˯ˣĻһôĶ֪
ЦضҲ櫸⡣
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Ľ㣬Ϊǲ֪𡣡л˵ע櫵ı飬ǿҵĸо櫺Ľ嶨Ȼǧ˿ƵĹϵ
櫹Ȼ¶Ȼ֮ɫǾȻ֪Ľ㣬⻹Щ⡣
л΢΢һ񲢲ģ
ģΪʲôġŶ֪ˣǲΪĽˣ櫻Ȼ
ǣлҲûϡ
һֱΪģۿҹռʹʥ̥Ӽᶨ뷨
ڿƺˡ
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ҿɲʲôĽ壬ʹûаѪϵҪһϹϵĻôҾĽĶ˺ʹ޵ĳˡ˵
лüʲô˼
΢΢һЦʹΪĽ֪ôĿ𣿼ǲܴﵽģʹҲʼǷȱһ޷ɽǸҸֲģҲ˵櫰ʹɵռΪڵĽ壬һ˵ǿ塣
ȻҲбˣǾǽȫĻᣬԼеĸԵĸı䣬ΪڵΪĹĽյĿһµģǴǶģҲǳΪֽţʹӵһ㣬ҸǣνռȡǿʵģʵⶼұģǵҸµġ


699  塾
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Ľ㣬ȻҲµĺУ
֮ǰл櫵жϣȻǴģʵԵĴ櫸Ľˡ
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700  ̽һ
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702  սѪһ
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703  սѪ
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704  һ
һµʱ䣬ܿ͹ȥˡ
ڴڼ䣬ÿ춼ǵˮµȴ٣ֻڿʼһй꣬ʱ䶼ģҲ֤ʵһڷãлϵսҲûгһԾλ磬ǵķȴ˾˵ı仯γ׵УҹʱҲǿ׵սõ˷ǳ
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705  񡾶
֮һƴСʯ顣
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߳ЦĳϣŪһ㣬ʥʥŮֻǰʦǷһʦľȻжԣҲдʱұ֤ʥԤһǶԵģʥӴǰʥʥŮİʦʷΪһʦ򣬺ѷڰ
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һʱ䣬˶ɵˡ


706  ͻơһ
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λϻˣΣС
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˵طлԵطĿռһ˿壬˻ڿռ治Ӧҩʦĳɾͷǳ֮ߣþܵһЩѵ
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707  ͻơ
ûκεԥлʼ
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л͸еԼĶתţٵǿţϵصӣûñﵽһ㡣
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708  ǿ᡾һ
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ɵġϿĵǲܻ뿪ˣǾ汳


709  ǿ᡾
汳
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лҪֹҲˣ֪ԼʹëԵɱɡ
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һ̤ǰʥó̡


710  һ
зУлҲᵽеĲˬ
߰죬ÿճǰķ羰һɲεɫ󺣣ż׺СտʼǺܲģˣʧȥͷ羰Ȥ
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ˮʥعٻڣƽʱл̡ר緢κ顣
˲ʱĿһЩ
֮ϣԪҲǷǳķ棬лҲеٶȺܿ죬þھϴȻֵõƵĸ죬磬˵ٶȴȽͲǣÿһͻƣҪ߹·ǳһÿζͻƶҪѼʮ꣬ʱ䡣
лǡǡ෴
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д˻ᣬŬ
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δб仯ȴŷǳ˵ÿһ֣սǿһֵġ
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ʥ׵ĶȻĿãҲ֤ʵʥ׵ʮֳ֣ҲǺѣҪҲ൱ѣ˾ʹлҲö϶Լܷλֽս·硣

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лɫ䡣


711  󡾶
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еĺˣ֪µĺޣһ޵ľߣȺӵĺޡ
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սˣѪ񫣬һᵽѪζͻķ񣬲ѣҪǶȺӵģһһٵ֮䡣
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һǵһۼףէȥ壬ϸᷢ۲ͬʵɷ쳣ı̬ͬȼУûʲôܹƿǵķ
˾Ǻѱɱ
ڶǲǵԵģˮ˫ԣܹ뿪ˮսԳ뿪ˮ棬Ӱ죬е˫ħޡ
ʮѪޣôѪȺУʮأлĵ
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ðӴѪޣĴ޷ֱռĸγһΧȦиĺͳͳֹ
һЩͷСѪ޳ڸϵ׷ɱĺޡ
е鷳ˣѪȺӵص㣬һҲλʮģһһƣΪޣܺǳĿôȻѪȺӵǿϵģܹʮѪޣʮ۷ڶΨսſԡ̳
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սħ޵ľˣħ޾޷ľ޴ãҶ黨ΪǱɣ޷ӳ̫ã⾧ˣҲ㹻޷ɱ䣬սġ
Ѫ޵ۼףǺöɼУ𣬲ŵҹռħƤ
ˮʥ׷ɱȥ
޺Ҳȫ
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ȥǴ˵еľҶ黨Ǹʲôӡлƣһȥ
ʮ֮ǱԶԶؿޱ߼ʵĴϣôһС಻ƽףΧһЩħ޵ĿݹǣһЩʯһɢŵɫε滨
ǱǾҶ黨


712  ꡾һ
Χϡ
սʮսǵǷӿԲǧĺӿˮ˳죬Ӵܡ
λ÷ܰ
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ΪʦҪĴڣƫƫߣڴ˵أ׸
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֣˸лЦʲôͣô˵Ҫ֣۾ܱ¶һЩ֣ҵֻܴ֪̽һЩ֣ҵˡ
˵˿ƽ͵Ľ̸ʵ̺Ż档
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ɱԼпƣҪǿöˡ
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һлϲðգܹߵλ˵ðյĸŷֲϵҲΪϲðգΣ֮ǰܹȥԺδؿԣҪ֪ڿǶصãʹʥһУҸô˵оųɵĿ޷뿪֣˵
лһҲơ
һֱð˵űΪ֮źܶౣϵ½еģǲɷϣȷϲðգӦֵ享֣עǣȴʼûжжڿһǷӦ̫Լɳ̫죬һǵĿʹʥҪһа
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˵֣享ʥ׼ͬˣĽأأ
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Ȼһ㣬Կǵж֣۰Ȼ
ţлҲɵöʹʥӵĽˣоԼð飬˵ҪΪ˿ʵҲҪעˡ
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718  ̹ס
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֣۵ڶ㣬̫ˣҡǼҡ塢ҹħǵĽǱȻģҲʥǵĻʯȴһ㣬л̫ͻϵͶĲ룬СЩóһ¶κܹ𣬿ٺ٣ʥǷѶпܵġ
˵ǵˣлԾĵ
㡣
ǿıݣһ港ãǾҲġ
ֹǣ享Ƿ֣ЦЩУΪʥ֮ô࣬ǻһҶ𣿡
Ҫ֣л
֣۵ֻǳ뷨бҪĻȻ֣˵ʥǿǿлƻʵΣգҲʧܣҪƣҪѡ񡣡
ЩҲȷǷǳҪ⡣
лһ뿪ʥ´½ͻصץ飬еĿ享֣йص޳
л㣬ȴǲ١л˵䶯֣죬ˣ˭ϣһЩأ
֣۵Ȼǰ죡
֣Ȼ˵֣죬˻˵䶯ءлЦǺǵ˵
֤ơָ֣
лϴ
˵Ŀ֣վָ㽭ɽȺ۵̬л֣۵һ档
˻ǲ򵥵˵͡
Ҫ˵һ㣬ǰ䶯ĶԱȣǵ鱨ʾ䶯ʮǰͻƣΪʥλģһǰͻƵģ˵ʵֻʮĲ࣬ɵӦ˭ٶȸ죬Ǿζ˭ȳΪսʼǾռơ֣˵
лЦѣҪ֪Ѿλ磬ƾͲô˵ˣΪսʼߣǰʹʥ޷߳ܳ
ڶءлĵ
ڶ㣬ǼԿȻ˶˵ҪǿɵǷ֪ν´½ϹŰ˴壬䡢֣ǡһҲֻǱϵģǿĲңҲҡ֣˵ǿʵǺңǵǿ󣬸ǵжϣѾҺҵۺϣһɻκ߼ҡ
лǺҵ飬֣кιϵ
Ȼйϵҹϵǳ֮Ϊֵ֧֣ң֣鼤˵һ𰸡
ʲô
лǳ򶨣Ҳ𰸸ˡ
ȻվĶ֣ۣԵ棿Ѿ֧֣ˣΪδδ
Ǻ֧֣ңôǿʥǣͲǶˡ
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Ȼûȷʾ˭֪֣ǿ𣬼ѾǴЭ飬ʽϣǵɻκһ֣۰Ȼ
лЦδذɣˣȫԲҪ£ҺɣӲܱīɱϰɡ
֣۵ΪڲҲз磬֪ܲڲΪĲֱַ֣֧֣ҡʥǺңһҪԳưԴ½ĲУ֧֣ҵռݰٷ֮ʮҪаٷ֮ʮȻѾǿ£Ҳ˵аٷ֮ʮ֧ǵģл䶯첻Ƿٷ֮ʮǵĶ֣зҲ˵ˣ
˶˵лӢۣٵĻʯҳϣⶼģǲδ幹ĴǶҲ˽ǣΪ峤˹ͨطں֣ҡҺһЩֶΣΪۣǿ˲˵ʵﵽʮսǿֻܴʮ꣬ǵҪ֪ʮ꣬㹻һˡ
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лﰵѡ
ȻʹַǳֶʵҾǴﵽʮսĶܹӳ꣬ǿɺãȻֻжʮӵŶʮɶл䶯ĻԴ
ֻжʮ꣬ǵֶĹݰл
Щʱ򣬾ҪһЩ۲С֣˵ֻҪܹʤǾҲĿˡ
лˣҲ̫ɣսҲһʺš
֣۳˺һ˵ȷ࣬ϾܹĲ࣬սҲԸıһսˣοǵս˵ɣǱģǱϾġ
ɷϣĻѾеĶˡл˵ѡл֪ɣһĻĻĶģ֧֣ҵģνĵ㡣
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лЦˡ
⵹ǳϡ
ⶫ׽͸Ҳ޷յġ
֣۵ȷ˵֮ǰлϣôڵ֣ҡ
ٸӣʵʵġ֣ţлɲȤ֣ҷʲôǽԼϡ
ҡͲ˵ˣҲŬĽ֣Цеĵֻ˵һ㣬Ǿǡ壡
л֣鲻Խٶվ
лı֣֣ƶλܹ£ʥ
壿壡л
塣֣¶֮ɫ֣ǰܹ֮𣬾ΪһλʦλʦĲƸɫ񵤾һһֱڣԤֻһûʵ֣ҲһֱΪԤǰ׼ţԤԾʱٴҲڣҲǹ죬ؽľ档


719  ̹ס

˵һ
Ҫ˵ͬ˵ʹʥ֮ʱӵȷ֣ǰԤԵģȻӱ̬
Ҳ֪ʥɡл
Ҳٴγ֤𡣡֣Ц֣ҲΪԤԣһõ˼λǿߵϿɡ
лϵļһ鶯λ
Ҫ˵Ҳ룬ˮʥԼް׻޻ǷѾĻһɵɱ䣬δɱأ֣ҾȻõ˼λϿɡ
βţл
֣óһƬˮʥһ£ǷۣӦܹȷƬ״
лȵʥǰ
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ʱˮʥѾڣҲСֻ׶ߣСĵزڿڴС
֣˫ţ۵ݸˮʥʥǰ顣
΢ֺɫаƴС˸İĹâ̺һɵϢ
ˮʥλð۾һĨˮɫ
һӰ˹
֣Ц⣬һһоյӡ
ۡˮʥòſ˵ҵ۵ݣѾ֣֮Ϊ
зǳǿһࡣ
干һʾʥ˵
νһʣֻ߰ҪɳǾǿ壬ʲǸŵһʣεģ֪˵еĳһµĳһʱ죬Ϊ
ʥǾŴʥˮʥʨͷƽսȵȾΪŴʥǾŴʥǹ̶ģԵĻ油ģҲδسһλʱ򣬾ͻĳһͻƣսﵽս۷徳磬Ϊµʥ
油壬֣ǳɾʥ油ࡣ
ڣжϣӦѪˮʥ˵
лһüνѪҲ˵пܳɾʥλﵽս۷徳硣
ҳԾл˵λǼλ
ֹ֣ȻܽЩܶ˵Ϣ⽫ϡԼϢʥܹȷһ֣޷ȷһࡣ
ˮʥͷҸоͬϢֲϢأӦͨ塣
֣۵֣µһЩԤԣӦûܹҵһЩ壬֮ã֣Ƿϣأ
ʦʦл̾벻һʦȻܹӰ쵽֮ڵս֡
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лҪʱ俼һ¡
֣ۿ΢΢һЦһΪһر
رлüëһ
ĦԽһˮ֮ʥں򣬹ͬͳκ򣬺ʺˮ֮ʥ֪Ѿٵʣһˮ֮ʥ֣Цһˮ֮ʥ֪ʲôط
⻰ͬ൱ĳ
֮ǰлѾ֣˵ˣԼ㣬ǷǳĳټκˮԵĸ˵޷ܾջл֣֣۵ǱżģǴ˵ġ
ݳ⣬лˡ
֣˵Ļһֶļؿ¼ĺУǿҵĳ嶯Ҫ֣ۣˮʥѰļ䡣
ջסˡ
˵֣۹ǰûκε׼ţڸ˭ұ֤ûа취뿪лۿǷӡŶ㴫Բ̵ģ֣˼ɵģڵˣǰǸʦ˭֪ʲôûаգԼ֣۵ĶԻ֣ûа취ͳȥ
ˮʥл΢΢ҡҡͷ
ӣлһҿһ£𰸡
ŵ֪ѡġ֣ʮĵ
˽֣ȥ
̡Žڡ
ҡͷǣлˮʥ
ˮʥҸоһɷǳأҴδҷŷһ£Ӧ붨㴫ʱƺеơ
˵Ƕ֣ܹͨ뿪л
ǵģԳ֣ӦҲ뿪ˮʥȷĵҲܸš
˶ǳ
Ͼ˵̫£ʷأϹʱڵʦѾﵽһָıһʱĵزΪϹŴ壬̾ͱ֤ÿһжһЩһһЩӳ϶ܹˣǶᱻرչˣһЩƲʦÿһ˶һֻõǿ϶ģеսģеǸģеɱġ
̵ղҲģ̲ס֣۶֡
лڿⲽ
ŸӦԣҪ֣һ𰸡
õİ취ģɣڵľݻķǳң֮ǰҿҷԴڱѡģɣ֣ܿ۾͵㲻ǺȡһЩжпܱ¶ʥ׵ʥ֧лܡ
и뷨Цĵ
лʲô뷨˵


720  ʥһ
Сħ࣬Ҽ뷨
Ůأ鶼ռǵģأŮ飬Ҳδռ˵ġ
лһɵ
ռˣ˭롣
ؼǣҪûռɣȴ۽Ǿǵòʧˡ
˵ɣСħл̵һơ
Сƨɣ밡Ҫ룬ΪʲôأҪæԸʥǺ享ԭأ享ǿȴ෴ʥǵѾǣȻҲ֣˵Щ鷳ɷϣЩΣգҪγ㣬Ҫʱ䷢ͣǿдӦǺҪǱֳ⡣
˼ҶҪˮ֮ʥڸˣѾǳ˰ɡл
ʲô⡣Ʋˮ֮ʥںһ˵˭֪ûн룬浽׻ʲôжٲܵǸϹʱĴͨӡʹõģҾˮ֮ʥжٳ⣬Ҫóĳ⣬ǡ֣ҵ
л̶һۣɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ѿ뷨ˡ
˵֣۱˵һжʵ֤ݣлЦ
ûȻҪ֤Ǻܼ򵥣һսͿˣ繥һ享ǰҪǵıֵõϿɣǾʽ
ЦǿԸƶһ飬ͱ統ңǾ˵ǸɵЩ֤ǿ׼֣ٵҲҪµʱ䣬ɣǱֵǺ
ͬʱǵʵлӿڵνĺǾίߣؼʱ̣ʥӦϣһٸɵ֣ң
һŮ˵˵ţ¶˺ļЦ
ˮʥǣһʱֵͦ飬ȻôĽˣûܸ֣һһİ塣
ҲˮǿҪסһ㣬Ҫ밴˵ȥҪ֤ľǲ¶ݣ̺ˣǲصעģ⣬ȫ½˶Ŀ⼯ϣһݱ¶룬֣Ҳɵӣǿ϶Ҳ̽ǵģǿ׼Ӧǵ̽ˣ
бŮڣʲô̽⡣ظ˵
ʥǷ棬ڣǻۣҲ׷ϣǰˣӦⲻ󡣡̳ҿͽɣҪʹʦȥҾԴ֣ҵĹϵұ֣һһ˽ģʹʥƣҲ޷룬ţʡ
ЩԸ⣬ڱеģȷʺϣʥλʦӦⲻ̫оǣˮʥѾΪǵı־ҲʥȻɵġ
ʥ̣лҲܷģרĵĿޣʵ
֮Ǿࡣ
ֻǵлνͶŬţ̺һƸ꣬һ뿪Ҫһηǳʱ뿪ˡ
죬ûֻ̺Ƹꡣ
ֱ죬лˬ֣ۡ
εļ棬˫̸÷ǳ졣
лȻҲˮ֮ʥ֮⣬Ҫ֣նɱ享һʮս֤ǵʵ
ʮսƺֲܶ࣬ܿʵЩǿʵģûǰǿѶȺܴȴԶûдﵽɵĵز֣۵ͬˣһԥûУȻЩҲ֮ǰĿС
Ȼ֣ҲҪ
ǾΪ֤֮ʥҲҪʾǾʥǷһιĹû˵ʲôֻǱʾʱ֪лҲʣȻҪͬԵУЩȻҪȥġ
׼ǰˮ֮ʥ
֣ԣҲһˮ֮ʥλʥԼ·̣Ϊ˱֤ʥУл֣ҲĴΪлʦйϵʹ̫̫󣬵ı֣ʶݣҲΨлˮʥʥ޺;ųϣͬУ˶ʮлǰȥ֣۾öеСΪлĸоϾ֪ˮ֮ʥ˲̫࣬鷳ģл򲢲⡣
Ҳ֪ûҪʦڣʮҪһս۷壬Ҳսܻᱩ¶ݣˮʥһıϾ֣ۿһӴģһ
Ҳ֣۸ϲðյһȻתɡ
һ֣뿪ʥ
ʱ䣬лûе˷һʱ䣬ͬʱҲڲնʥյĶ
֣Ҳûţڳһ죬ͷźţ磬֣Һҵʮǻϡ
뿪ʥĵ磬㵽Ŀĵء


721  ʥ
֣죬ˮǧףл㿴һںɽУΧһʵ뺣ˮںϣźˮлֻһۣܿŵǿռ
ã˽ȥˣһֵͺȵ
лһۣ;ѾʶôˣΪϷ壬һռϵĸ֣ҲרΪˮ֮ʥ
ô֪ģлʵ
֮ǰʱ򣬿ռػ൱ֵڶҲǲʺ缶˵˴ȥˣӶ˿ռػˮ֮ʥػжϣһɷͽ޷ܺˮеѹռػ飬Ķ󲿷ֶٵġϷü
Ϊռ˽⼫лȻ֪˵û
ǿռػȷֻ൱ĸѡ
˵ռػ飬Ҳʥ׵Ͽȿе֪˵ǽΣͻػ飬һжΪĩ
ǽȥ֣۳
ˮ֮ʥʥ˵һҪǱ˽ܹóʹõĶһգǶ˵ڳصĴӰǵˡ
֣Ϊף֣ĸȳȥ
лҲں档
ˮ֮ʥǰ͸ģĿռػԼԿص߶иվʥſڣƺš
Ϸ壬򿪿ռػ֣ۺȵ
Ϸϣһ򿪣ռػĹ޷ֵˮѹбƷкܶܵϹʱǸʩչĴͨӡģһ뿪ռػȻᱻٵ
ɻٵ˵õ֣ȵ
ĹлԵͷ
˵ȷʸΪ֣ҵĴϣ鲻ˮһǳŵ㣬ܶ˶ԥԥɲ¡
Ϸ΢һͷǿռػ
ռƱһЩеģҪǿƿĻǳķûпռϵȽϺá
վǰϷпٵĻ
˫ֻһµĹ켣ⷽԲǧĿռһлüëһڿռ൱Ȼ޷֪õʲôĿռ
ռƺʥĿռϵʩչĿռͬл˵ʵ̽ռİ
֣ЦǿռϵһȻֻǲƪϹЩռγɵĿռػܹģϷҲҽеļλˣУҲȫˡ

лֹڼǰʥ̻˵ϹŴжһЩ벻ھͼģ˿֣ȷʵܹ˲ȥƶ㴫Ķ
Ȼ֣Уô֣أ
´֣죬Ӧעһ㣬һ֣Ҫøߡ
ʥǰϹŴһЩƪлʵ
ûҲʲôܡ֣۽͵ǧǰʱֻߴƶ´½ĹһУ˷һϹĵط߼ᣬÿһҶõһЩȫǲƪһ걾ģݺӣ޷һʦֻÿһϵмѡ
лЦЦĵǷҲһأ
֣ԣ΢΢һЦЦ֮ˣû˵ʲô
лҲʡ
ʱϷ˫ֻٶԽԽ졣
ˮ֮ʥĿռػҲʼҵĲ֮̾˵ע⣬ǰֹ
ϷյϹĳרſռػĿռϵǳĴ󣬶ռ۵ĿռػҲǶ֢ҩ
ЩֹռػѾɢ
һжֳ
ʧȥռػıлվ֣ĺ棬ҲܹĶ׷׵Ļĩɢ
һЩռָĶǵĿռָҲȴһͳͳĻΪĩ
ĸַʹĵŭ
Ҫ֪ܹˮ֮ʥģÿһƷǰɢܹʹ
Ϸ壡
ϳϷ壬ʱ˷ŭ
һʱ䣬ӿʮɳɱķŭУɷȫϷ塣
ˢ
ӰһӺһߵǰ棬Ϸ嵲󣬴˿ȥҲʮģһͷųͽʥ˵Ƹѹȥ
лһ˿Ц⡣
֣ˣ֮ǰţҲλѣڿӦİ취ʵ
ʮ۷徳硣
ܵ˵ǣʥҲ߳ˣȻȫʮ۷徳磬ͬ߳۳Ƹǿ֣һʮ۷弶ָȵ
ҵ˭أԭְ֣
ʱһƵʮֵĺ洫˳Ҳڵ˳
лһ֡
˾Ȼҵ䶷ͬ޵۶лǵ䶯챳̡
ɳ䶷֮⣬лһЩеˣЩʶǶһͬص㣬ǾǶе⡣
ˣ
֣ʲôʱ˹һˣ֣ȻҲˣơ
Էʮ۷徳ĸ־һˡ
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֣ۻ˼֦ѾоʥҪ֮ˣû뵽;ɱôһʱ
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ͬʱֵˣҲ̳֣һһ̤͵ϮʮԴϣһŽ̤顣
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723  Բ̡
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Ľһ֣ͱ䶷ֽһһʹ߸ûпɱԡ
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һ㶼Ц䶷ɭɭĵһԶһλ֣ʤ𣡡
֣ʱҭסˡ
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725  ͻ
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Ҳֵһ˲䣬䶷Ȼ˫٣Ľ꣬лֶ޷֣ۡ

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лĽе˳αƮ׽͸޷
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735  һ
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ǻɱһ̣ڽ䱸ûдɱ֣Щ⣬ϴЩпʧû뵽͸Էһᡣ

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лֽ飬˫ֱأ۾Ǿ͸ˣȻʴװΪʲôû˴ϣǴϵĻλѲʴװƲɣ
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л鲻Խ뵽˵
ƺֶָƫƫûһʵʵ֤һ㣬лʶֻް׻ܸ𰸰ɡ
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İɣѩضʮ壬ѾͬʥˡлЦŽľ򵥵˵һ顣
һзһʣˣǿԷսˡ
뵽ʲôлԼĻС
˫ֻлĲϣвϵ˸žϲŵȥ֪ͨ壬ɳеսʮҪ̬ǣǵĲǿߣս۷ǻϣϡ
лһ㲻Ǵ֣һְɣ
ǡһлĶͷҪô˻һγصĴһҪԲ̣ٴǷ֮󣬽ɱ֣֣
ҵĹԹԣлһıأһ˫񰡣
ĵİһֻۣҪƻõӦûвɹġ
лЦϷر壬֪ͨǼжʮĸٶۣһʱܹﵽǾڡ
˵
˷ҾٶĪ⣬ѪƺʥǺ֣׼սʼֵ£ðյľٶˣлȻŹλᣬ֣ȻҲ˵ġ
˷ѻᣬζ˷
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лʩչԲ̣ͨ㴫䴫ͷرǼķڡ
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硣϶ĵĶŪл¶һĨõЦݣ˷ܵؽе
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лЦ϶ȥ峤
ҲҪš϶סлĸ첲ĵ
ðɡлֻôӦ
Ǳ߳˷䡣
һ˵̾ͱٴǸڣʱΪȻǽбˣʮҲˣ뼯һã۹ںҰ顣


743  ؼ籩һ
л룬ˢһ¶ͣˢˢĽĿͶлϣ´
лҲ⡣
㣬Ѿϰˡ
λλǵ񱩾лʥǵˣҹվڳ֮˽ܡ
лһһ
һϸĽܡ
ʮ壬ҹڣе峤ȫˣһãȻΪлġ
л䶯졢֣ȣʵʤһֻһ㣬ڲ̫ȷлٸ֤˵Ա峤ˣǽڱһ壬䱾Ҳʮ֡
л֪нһܹѡлûٸģ峤˵޷
紫л֣֪Ǽ٣ʵ
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һֱò̫ʵ
峤Ҳ׷ױʾ˻ɡ
ˣл־峤ҹȻҲúڴĿ⿴Ҳһ
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ͨ˵㣬лһ
Ǿλжһ£ǺεȾɣл˵˶ųױȵơ
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ƺѾеϰˣлֹȻΪѩɽԿҪһɡ
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ҹЦ峤ǱҪȳǿĶ࣬жһлٵľʲôزǷǱѩǿؼ籩
΢΢ͷл٣ͷľ
лһ⡰籩ȻǱѩǿؼɵһĶ㽫ͷų
ͻͿˡ
ɽڹͨɽ꣬ľ˱̬ʽļǹͨǰֹͨɽɽһ̣ͬУܵʱһ̵ľ񼤷һ˶㣬Լ֪Ѿﵽ˺εȵزֻоޱߣƺܹǷԲʮķΧ
εȴԼƿУȴ޷Ӧãо߯Ť
ĸӦ۾лٴð֣̬


744  ؼ籩
ٴαΪ̬лϰߵҲɵһ£Ҫ֪ɲǼ򵥵һβԣܹﵽҪ󣬱籩ܹΪѩǿؼлţؼԻϲġ
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Ҫǿ޾ʮ֣Ҳ˵ͨûԹʮֵľлڵľǿȡ
֮۾ΪлѾʮ֡
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ôؼ籩֮󣬶շӾսֽأʮֶս
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лҲüпܵġ
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ҹ峤ó籩ؼѾǧû˰ɡЦ
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ڴлٽǧؼһ̵ˡ˴Ц
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˵ЦҲ
ʮ壬ԱͱΪ峤ҹͱ˶һۣҹл뽲
ƻܼ򵥣ֻҪλеսʮ֣ʥǵս۷֣ǣڵĴ󲿷ʮǿ߱ɣмǣɶ֣սԳ֣λҲһҪ侲л
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˵𺫼ңʵνΪʲôûһθݵĴأ
峤֪Ҹ𺫼ңȻŷǳİգĿǰ֪ҺܿѾõ˲ѷɫҵ֧֣οǾפظĽɣķǴģ֣Ҳʥʾл˵ȻжҲûλô򵥡
ܹսһ˴Ц
л飬ʮ岢û顣
죬ۼսнʮʮȫٶȸ⡣
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νľ籩еƶֻǶͨΪڰһзʽӳģ籩ԾΪͨ𶯣Ȼһɷӳ
籩վмأһʩչͬɳĮеķ籩ϯһУݻһУֻǾʣӳҲȴ˸ӦֻصĿֲ
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745  һ
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лȻܲѡ
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лҲ΢һЩ
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ҵ¥ἰҪȥѰа
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飿лû뵽ֵľȻ顣
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ӿʮˡ
в֡
߳һʮ֣ݵλл֪ҵλܹͣʿ֪ǵĿ궨ȻҲǱˡ

ڳԾЦ
Ц·йеѹкܶĺ⣬ĺ⣬޼ɵͷų񱩵Ϣ
ѩɽ֮أЦ𶯵һЩطѩΣգ˶ܹɷ裬̶ֳȵѩҲϡ
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ЦȻֹ·𱻵Ѩлһ仰ĲָллŮˣҾҪһ˺顣
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Ӧһ϶棬Ĺ۲Χ϶磬ҪСİ
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ǰһȻ
л˾棬ûܣһӦսӣʮЩɻ
ܹΪʮ֣Ȼǵ֮ˡ
Ͽʼ鿴Χ״ȴûзһӰлûԮŶԡ
лĿаɨ϶˳ҲҲܲٺ٣ҵȻ͵棬úõ棬ܡ
лָ飬ĺܲң


746  
϶лҲ˵ʲô飬о϶ԼСð㣬Ҫȥǻȥ۰Ļлɱ㡣
ĮĶ飬ֲ˿Ŀûɵĸеһɱ̹ǵϢӺ󱳴ವġ
廤㣬ͽնɱˣ겻ȻҶָֻšЦɣ
䣬㼤ȥ
ûжñǻȭ
лЦһȫˣɴ˿ɼʥλλŶôżͬģлҲһۿľ磬ʧ֮
Ҳʥλѡ
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ȭͷϮлǷһ˿Ц
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ˢһ±ò԰ס
𾪣Ǿ£ɲΪл飬ҪǺȻлǿᡣ
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ǵϣǾͽҲԶѩаɡл֪žһ
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սƣ
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ɺѪڰɫĻѩð˫ĿҲʧȥɫʣû˺


747  籩һ
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ȻĿлһ̣Լ̫Слˣ̫Сܹ½ƶˣӺڣں޵ΪʲôûнлɱĻڵҲ˱
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ʮԪҲɱݺᣬתݺݵлλãյʱлʩչǾ׵Ķ֮йȥµδɵʱǱУҲǺ޻Ŀܡ

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ѩȻը
лӰٴθ֣ڵ棬˫ȭһɼӿҷҲ֮ҵ趯˫Ŀ׶೤Ĺ⺮εϼ
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748  籩
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ѩΪǿؼǶĶȴľԾΣϵá
лһʩչͬһ̺֮Ȼѡ
ΪͨɽɽİľͬޱߵĴ󺣹ǲãطԲǧ֮ڡ
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ʱһֹ̾һ㣬ǿҰɱʮԪҲͬʩ˶˶ֹڰУƷǿֲıɱĶҲָ⣬޷ɱȥһн籩

籩޾
лǰ嫵ľؼԸֲͬʲţ͸ܲƲ㣬Խ޵Ŀռʱ䣬·ǿӣҡǳһſŵǣ
㱼䣬ԪʵúܲС
һжģ
ѩɽѩһжŤֻգһۣͷ֣뿪˱ѩص磬ǿգնлһֻһץ·ǿնƿУҡΣʹһƬˮ

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þ֮ҲǾʱԪеӿ죬ͷðһθов
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鿴ѿھе
лȫʩչ籩Ҳħ޸һ£ȻǷǳһħޡӥ
ӥʮħޣֻҪ꣬ɳɾʮ磬һΪеߣҲԴϳͬڰ͹ǾͱǱΪսĴڣǸ߼ϹӥʵѪҵõ˼ڳµħޡ
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лۿſڵϵԪͺӥٴó׼նɱ
أ
׼ֵʱԪ궸ȻڿԾ
ǺӥҲҡҡλεҪվ
̫ȴʼղԸˤڵϣԪɫ԰ףɾԾɸ߿
Լħֵҵľ籩Ȼһ٣ħҪһغˡлЦ
ԪЩϧĿһۺӥ֮Ŀлһǵ͹ˣ㾹ȻӵлɱʮֵãããھΪԼһиĴۣ
лҪö㴫߲а
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ٿһ˿ڣѾˡ
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749  Ȼ
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лɫصĵк϶ʱ׼ͨԲ̵Ķ㴫뿪˵ء
ԣԵǾķݡ
ƺϰˡ
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ʱлŷ֣ԼоȻ˿µĸое޷ȶ˼ˣԼһѣԼ侲һֱӰ
㲻Ե޹ʵɣл뵽Ѿ֪ûеĴϹ䡣
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˵ҾˣϲݺˣлüһμңͷѾ˼ҪβЫɱңһֱƣΪʲôˣʵģʱȫҸɣͱֿҶֵġ
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лҲе㷢ôôĴأ


750  ⿪һ
Ϊѩ˾ıסĵطһͨСɽڣȥȫǱѩ̤룬źȻ֣ȾȻһţļ紺̲ݳľɫıѩؽȻͬ
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һ˵лվһԵ߶۶лΨһüëһǰĿлЦѹ˶˵лˣ⻷˵ֻҪ̬ͨɽʥǰɡ
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˵ĿޱԹѦȻסڣɫ΢䣬ƺʶ˵©ˡ
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ȻϹʥʵĺᣡ
Ѧ˵ʲôºһ⺫᣿˵ĳϵо仰УѦ˵ΪԼµĺһνָʲôǷ˵ĳδܽҵĴڣΪµģ
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751  ⿪
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ɱѦĵѾ֪һЩ֪飬ȥұѩļƻȻżسΨвϧһнԶˡ
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752  ⿪
ڽӡ飬ѦûκαʾҲĬˣǾǰһΪɵѣǵķӡ
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ûȱͬھȻʱûҲ;ƿˣҲֻǿзӡˣ֮ʣԼѪΪǣӡһѪ˺һѦЦΣǱѩѾƳӡһŬ׷ѣ
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ˣ֪Ҳ˵ˣʱ·ˡѦʵʰĿ⣬ͬ㣬һɿ񱩱Ϣϼ


753  ɫ
ս۷ʵƣлҲ޷⣬ûж׼ϢԲ̵ݹս۷ֵ֣ĻӦܹѦ˻һˣӶŪѩ塢櫡ǵʲôĿģֻֿԲ󣬱Ͼս۷徳磬ǿǷǳ̬ġ
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ѦϵЦݶӲˣȴǾһĨľ塣
籩ϯһС
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εѦͬɵڵصķȥ

лľҲһĴ˶ԵήҲ񣬵Ǿ籩ؼص㣬ǲĶʵԾɱ۷壬˿ͣģɱȥУնѦһ׺ݵġսơ
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ħԳѩϴ峤׼սʼǰѩܹ򿪷ӡҪǿ


759  Ѧʡһ
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ٵϣȴ͸¶ǰںɻߵĿֲݣųµʵ
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·ɵײһ̣µĺɻȻɢһϢһƾճ֣Ѧ

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лͰħԳͬʱһ𣬻ͬľľǾӵԼ˼ģܹսһЩ滨ֻǷǳ
ˣѹֻб⻨̫֮ˮŻģѦʾǿ껨ָԼǰܵơħԳѩķӡǳ˷ӡĴ󲿷ʱ䣬Ҳûлָ
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ûбҪðգ֪ƺһֻҿǲƪֻȼ֣ȫ
ѵָħԳ޺޵ĵһѦʻָôҪѦұˣѦҺңǼǳİħԳޣֱɱܡ
Ҳδءл۵
뵽ʲô
л˵ľľа취
ֻǻλǰڽս˲ţ޷Ƶĵ
лЦа취˵䣬һʱûʹõ˳
ҪʱŹ⣬ͼͼϽ


760  Ѧʡ
ϽһĴڡ
ΪӶ֮ľӵ˴ڵĿܣΪඥħ޵Ѫľγȫµʷϵʮλεʥ֮꣬Ҳһꡣ
Ҫĵؼڡ
ȾȻӵľҲֻϽγѣҪɳΪϽͱӵʥƥ

Ͻֻ꣬Ҫƥһѹأʵʥ̫֮ϡУ¾ϹʱڶҵҪ˵ӡһѪʱ
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Ҫ壬ȡģлȵѾʮ˦󣬡ûֹҵͿˡ
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ǿ԰Ǩؿ
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762  ͬС
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ΪʴװǱĳطģҪԿײܿΪ˱ʴװҸѾԿ׻ٵܹΨС䣡Ψŵ»ӡһȱȫĴ䣬ΨһϣǴطˡ
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763  
վھСɽһǧ׵ĵطл˶˼βܹ֪ĽСɽڣʴװһ˷֣ǺߵģսǼʱҲѳս۷弶ǰֻܿԼ
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취ʱһȺִڷ˳ɹΪ׵ĺȻлڱѩشıѩѦͬδĶʦ磡
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лҲϲȥԼˣϲһССȥҪǲҵķ񡣡
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һģл㱻仰
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骣Ҫס˲Ϊ𣡡ͨĵȻڴ棬ϣľ飬Ҫ飬ôܹõһΪĲøˣԺҵĵλͻܵսģסöҪԼǼҲģĻֻ峤ϣǡˣЩ¾ͲˡСˮΧĵΣȷСˮھľ飿
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骿ЦаǰҪõϿɣѣ֣֪ЩرԣϿɣҪǿоΪУҲǲУЧý˳ɵۿۡ
ͨȻ骶㿼ǵĻ̫٣˵Ǵ˳ۿۣǴųΣˣ㱾츳Ͳ䶯죬ҶжϣƾԼʵﵽս⣬õľɵĹЧս۷弶ѣõһЩƷкܴϣΪ׼սʵġ
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䣬һ˿΢ĲлҲܵĻľȻĳɳԭһ˸ߵӲݣ̼ǵ׵ĸ߶ȣЩǰεضƵģÿһҲﵽ˰׵ĸ߶ȡ
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794  һ
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811  ޱ䡾ġ
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л۽ƳŮ˺Ȼĸסܰ


815  Ѫ
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817  ҩָɡһ
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仨λɽشʮ׵ɽ棬һɫɢŨķ㣬ֻƬ꣬ǽεʺɫɫ䣬ۣһǺͨĵɫĻ꣬ӦǶɫĻ䣬ȴԵøţַҷҲԶţγĶԱȡ
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ָʻʮ׵ʱʱͷ˱仯ǵɫѪ۳һ˿ɫĹΣڳһ㣬ֱ꣬СβָڣСβָɫѸٵİСβָͬһΣ΢΢ɢɫĻڽⶾ
һҩҩָѸٵһҩָڽⶾлȻҲͷֳǸжˡ
ֱȥժǶž綾ʻƻδ͸еһ飬űû˸о
лһ죬кöҩָڷЧãȻ˾綾䶾ʲô̶ȣӦǶ൭ɫҩҲǴľˡ
ҩָָɫɫȻﵽɫɫɫһתۣɽɫɫɫɹɫָָɫлͿԼָѾɱ˵ɫɫԽԽ
֪ҩָڼ
һ䵭ɫʻʲôл󣬾Ȼһ滨ܹҩָﵽ״̬
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СβָɫѾ޽ӽɣʻɫҲðǵĶԺҩҪĸɾˡ
ˡ
ҩָͻȻֹͣҩҲͷŽⶾزлע£Сβָɫ𲽵ı仯ָɫһ޶
ҩָɣ
ͬʱҩָڴһֱлԺУһ仰ĳԺУݾȻҩָ֮ЯŵһлΪ֮㵵


818  ҩָɡ
ΪʲôԺðôһλлҲ㲻Ϲʱڵ쳣Ի͵ʱһЩ˼ֶҲǲģͺѪ֮ѪɱΪķѪγأԾİǵĸͬҲ֤ϹʱԻʱء
лȷû쳣֮ϸĶƾճԺеһλݲֻ࣬ȼ֡
ҩָɣɽһ䣡
䣿
леԾ仰Ҫ֪һ֣Ƿǳаһ֣ҩָȻǽ綾ģƺɣλĴڣлֹѵʲôܹ䲻ɣ
һҩָлһǶɫĻ䣬滹Щ綾ģҼ΢Ҳȴ½νĿֲľ綾ҪĶࡣ
лָȥҲûʲôĲͿɫĻ佥ؿήлˣûһ˿ľ綾
Լָɵһп
ҩָ֮󣬹Ȼı̬
лȥǶ൭ɫҩȴãѾ޷գ㽫ժˡ
ٴβ鿴
ʲô滨ˣɽѾлоʹʥˣܹ˻䣬ʹʥЩʲô챦أ
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ӴжˣŮŮҲжˣ˴ͬУƺҪȥʲôĿĵƵء
Ůν޷ͻµĽƶǼٵˣȻܹһӳ˶ˡл°ͣǷٵǰУֹѣǵʲôĿأǷЭأԼ뷨أ
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޵۶䶯ݺԼȻóһƣʾԸȴûټлӡǺܼ٣ȻľͽŮ廮˵жԵӪУǵĹϵûôס
ʹʥ԰رȻôǰУ϶ʲô˰ɡлģ밵и档
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ƳɽҲһȺڷٵǰţŮҪ÷ǳڶˣǧˣǵкüӦǷɢжģٵıУǵͷƮ¶ǼĶ䣬Ҳʾǵݣصġ
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˵ˮһ޷ģǰЩǿȴפʹʥ˵ȻѾɳܵķΧ˭Ҳұ֤Ƿֻˡ
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뵽лԺвɸֵͼ飬ʱ˹ᣬҹʮһǧĴ壬׼齨ķлƻҲΧ˸µˣΪŪֶıֱܱȣеʱҵĸֶȡ˸µļ䣬ôֶΣǷҲ˴ڵأ
Ҳй᣿
սʧһЩڵʱסȣûս۷弶ǳһλ׼սʣһֱֶǺпܵģټ塢Ů
лȻ֣Լĵ͹ˣڽ𺫼ңպҵĲȻԭټϱѩ֧֣ǵȻԾǿĽ޷ĵزܼ򵥣ŮǧˣؼǴδִ½飬һֱ˭ұ֤жصأ

һлеǰ·ȻޱȣʤԶûôȻҪضС
лĿˣȻһ׸ɽ˴ǵķȴͬһ׺ں濴Ƿǰʲôǵģʩչǵĺ档
ˣлѡ׺Ůĺ󷽣ԭܼ򵥣ȻĳЩطеˮ֮ĵطҲܹǱУ׾ͱֵġ
УлҲǼˣһ棬һŮİݣ˵޵۶ҲμӹνƵؾʱ˻ɬֻǴؼʵѣҲǽ٣Ѿʥλľ磬δɾͲ
˿㣬ôŸ·ʲôѽǲʲô֣УѯһƺŮ˵ŮŮ
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νӵսѪǾǶսִţ׷󣬾ѷɫ衢˵ĳš
˿лעϡ
䣬жʮ˾꣬ʺʹʥżģле㾪㵵ĵλȻҲﵽλˣɲǿԼģŮ˾ȻĲ
ﰵԽ˿ص˵ķΧڣܳҪڵһʱ佫նɱԾ󻼡
˭
ţ˿Ȼͣվѩ׵˫չĿĿлڵķ
лæǱУû뵽ԼֻôɱĿ⿴˿ܹӦŮв̫
û˰ɻĿܡ
˿ܣӦɱˣֻҪڶڣҾܹӦ
ҪҪѲһ£ݵ
ˣܹȥ磬ҿټҪҵҲȽѣǼӿг̡˿
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лҲע⵽˿û⣬ʵѾʼעˣҪǸ̫ĻԾɻᱻֵġ
һ£ǾھǴٶ׵ĵطǲУ׺ں棬֮ͬ˴ǧףлһֱĶͨΧ죬·һɽʱǱڵµȻˡ
ˣͣһ£ϵڵͨǰелĶС
һҲлһ
ǴûֵܹģȻʶˣһݵб˷֡
˼ǣƺƺǸߣʹʥĶɾʮ·ܽ룡


819  ϹŶһ
ͻأĲлʱ塢Ů塢˵ĿʧȥһЩȤΪߵĻʹʥĹɿ¾бƵĿܣԵһǰЩͳͳɵ
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ӵðվɽڣͬʱս׼ֹơ
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ųصĽŲ
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ߵĵİɣˣǰϣܹҰһܴݳȥ
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лһ߽ɽڣ沢ûʲôã֮ĶûУ΢һЩ
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лüëܿΪʮǸ߼ģͺڵ;翴ģϾһ˵ĳɳֻǿǱģҪ˵Լļȱһɡ
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ֱһ˼֣߰ĻʵѾﵽһ̬ĸ߶ȣлȴоߵʵƺҲֻѣʲôֶʵǸҪ
ҵǱǳߡ˵һ£ЦˣƺһǧǰʧˣҲѾ˸ˣԹۿǱš
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Ⲣ֣Ǹ壬֪ڵҲ޼Ϊÿһˣһܹģ֮屻壬û֪ˡߵ˵ǼǼϹŴ嶼֪ĴڰɣֻҪһͺãǾһܹһ˵ǱΣһܴﵽļʲô֮£ûдġ
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ܹ˵ǽڵˣôν൱̶ʵġ
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лһŽڼʹʥǶӣԼ޵ģûô˽Ӵ˵ʱŵ״䣬磬ص㣬Ǽˡ
ǰɷ˵ϸ㡣л
ĽҺ⣬ǹڽܶġ˵ҿʱֻʮɣʵﻹԣǲʺ缶ľ磬ļ˼ûǣǺǣΪ˹۲һصһɽȵľʯдˡһΡĸ֡
лͷ𵴣ǰˣ
Ļȫ뵱ʱŸлἰһģһĸ֡һΡ
ǸСһﻹţϵǳǾͺãֻҪҽĻȻ÷ǳ˼飬ӦûŵģΪֻҪ۲죬һĻҲȻᷢеġ˵
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߼״ĵһͷſʼ˵һǱĹ۲Ƿǳ׼ȷģҹ۲꿡УǵһѦҺͻֻͷҼȻսսвϵؼǱдԼδܴﵽ޵Ŀܣҵжϣ˵ĳɾҲս۷弶ҪһеѣǱ˴˼ɱȴǶлͻˡ
ѦѾ˹ؼһսʼл
սʣӵһЦƾעʧܣȻܹͻңѡ׼սʣȻѡսʣעֻܵһˣǰһ߶ѵģΪ׼ս۷徳磬㡭
лЩŵ䣬Ȼﵽ׼ս۷弶Ķų⣬ҵǱǴﵽߡ
леڴ
ߵʮڿĵĸսʼģ


820  ϹŶ
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ɫ񵤸櫵һı
˵ʮ쿴˵УлȻеֱе㲻˼顣
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лʿҺЩɬĵǰ˶˭ܷ
һħޣһֱʹʥ棬йĽǰЩǵһμ棻һ裬ǱŮӵһҹƺõĳִУδɹ˵ǱҲ׼ս۷弶ȻϵõĴУ˳սʵĻᣬȴֻһɶѣһǣ̣ҲǸŮޣǵõ飬츳軹Ҫһ㣬սʵļҲֻаɰˡ˵
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ŮˣлȻϤģӼģһжںϣѣ̸ոյõҲһ֤
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лȻֻĳɣ
ߵֻĳɣлʧı飬Ŀǰ֪ĳֻҪŬܹɹʵģؼģѡ㣬ҲΪļ󣬱Ǵѡģֻ㡣
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һȶһ񣬼˵ҵĽ۾ǣʹʥѾˣЩ˲֪ô£ʲô취ʹʥĹƣڲϵؿʵǵҲǳࡣ
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߿Ц½ػߣ½ػ߿µڶ֪ʹʥڻһȺˡ
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½ػ֮Դڣάִ½İȻҪƶɣ½ķչڴ½ػߵ̫ǿԵ´½ػߵʱ򣬾ѾһЩƣһЩԪصĵطܹƽƵĵط̤벽ܵӰ죬ʹʥһ壬Դ½ػǲ̤ʹʥ벽ЩжǳĹأ߰꣬ҶûҵصĵطÿжǶСĽһ֣Ȼǽնɱڵġ˵
лһ£ȻǴ˾ԶΪ϶ǳǿģΪʲôҪһĸֶ֣ѵʲôĿģ
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лȻ಻ǲࣿ
ߵǣҲǣ˵ǣΪǽɱ֮¸ǽЩУ˲ˣĶ˵ǲǣΪǺಢûʲôֻԺе㲻ࡣ
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԰漴лַһ⣬Ҫ˺ΪµĻж٣ܶɣǴôʱ䣬ùˣ
⣬ҲŸ׵ġ߻شϹʱĩڣΪɱʹ壬ӿ룬֮ʹʥڵԪ̫̫棬ǳȻһµǳ࣬ǲ֪ΪΣŵ⵽˻ԵĴЩǰΪ˱סԼĺᣬǸԼĺ˷ǳ䣬ƿǶĿܣǽС
ôע˴ͻըɽ׼սʼǿشģЩʥģ׼սʶɱĿԣ˲֪µоҵһЩİ취֮֮ɳ֮󣬾ԵϮɱ˵鷢ǲ֪ȫʹ䷢Щı仯ֱо˺Ϊֹ
лɫĵһȺ쵰ߣǰΪβͱȥ
߿ЦȻûţΪ˵ŵһЩ飬ҲŰɣڣ˵ȫ𣿡
лʣҲҡҡͷ
޷ȫš
û֤һ㣬ؼЩж̫أһжһڵġ߳̾һһһ㣬ҪǸ߱ˣ˵½ػܵƣ̤룬˳ʮҲ޷ʹʥȻЩ޿κεģɾսʼһΪսʣлЩ˵ʵݣϣȫɱ
лЦǰܣҲǸ񰡣ҶԣǳذŻ֪ľưɡ
ߵأҲ뱳ôһȺˣԴĻȴļпܽǵķչ̫Ѹͣҿɶ϶ǽʮڣ߳ʹʥ
ܹѧǰʹʥڿԳʱ䲻Ӱİ취Ӧÿʹʥھͽǽġл
̾ҲܹʱʹʥʹõֶΣҵļѪйأûѪ޷ʹõġվתɽȥϣܹΣҾɶȺ˵䣬ܵӳʹʥʱ䡣
߻ȥıӰлȻһָжĸж
û֪˭ȴΪĬĬĸ߰꣬жжʹĥѣ
лһᣬǰմ
Ϲ꣬Ϲһˡߵɽ춯ӰʧڹսǴ


821  ġһ
Ϲ꣡
Ϲһˣ
ϣһ˵ĺ壬޲л뷨ȫ½ˣΪ֮Ϲ屦زͼ棬ѵ˵߾ǸǧǰϹΨһĺ᣿
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лȥϹ飬ˣΪãȥѯʵĻһֶϹ겻С
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Ÿӵ飬лĿĵš
ʹʥڵʵ̫ˣÿһ·Ϊ֮Ϣ
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΢棬ĺл˶ˣ̧ͷεգǵ׺İƣȻԵõƮţҲࡣ
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ֻҪΪսʣκⶼ⣬ֱɽлӿӿʵڴճսʣΪֻƵһе
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лвʮӣ͸еƺʲôһԴȻǺǿңȴûжĸӦ
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ǳϸ΢ӶϷһСڴ˳лڵϣʩչһݰף㵽ǸСڡ
վһòï֦ܵҶӳУɫ񣬽ȫеˣǵǰƮһ΢ʦȣڸʦǰȥһﻹȻڲٿʦȣһһλεһԱš
ʲôˣڸʲôлɻ󣬱վڸߴۿҲûҲעΧ
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ģýĸһæһ˵ǱҲư´½ģڵԼģѵѾҵ˽İ취
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˽̸һֲĴлĶС
Ҷ϶˾Ϲ˵ʹʥȺеλֻû뵽ô
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ȻܹϹ˵Щ˹أʼץ֤ݣ϶һЩֶεģҪ䡣
ȻһΣǲǿԶЩżĸأпźܶۺĶ
ȥɣ˿ģ˭ҪǶԽʹʥżֶ֣ҪƤġ
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ûʲôǣ˼Ȼ˵ĵҲӦףż֣϶ۺıһĪȻ⵽׷ģʱпܷǵĴڣҴ˵ļƻ
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һģʹʥٶȶǿ죬ܲصԴˣˣҲôˣǸϿɣҵʲôµġ
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ֻһԼһ˴С˶ľ޵滹ɢŵĹΣǴ˵еĺᡣ
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Ϲ֪Ⱥ˵õͻͨǲƵֶν䣬˵Ļͱ˽ϣȫµ塣
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лϢĿ˺޸о
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ʦȵĸȴлеԾֻǸſڣ·ͽˣ֮ʦһ档
лһ
˻һľ룬˵ʦȾȴһ׵ľ룬Ӧǹ
ˣ
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ʦȵĸֱѪˣȴϲĽ⣬Ǳ


822  ġ
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ͷֻлԺһӶҲ룬Ѿ˵ĳץȥٶȿ쵽˼ޡ
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824  Х죬Ʊɫһ
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826  Х죬Ʊɫ
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ԪŻվǶѵ׷ǹϵį֮ɫˣȡ֮ƽ

Ԫ³һֽ׷ǹ׳л׷ǹһֱ̫ˣҴԪڷɵĿʼлһģ˵ڿնҲûлص䶯˵ԣתۼʧھͷ
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ܹǰƾ¶ĻԺ֮ԵУдֲĸоʥǸҲз
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ʦȣЦԽĹ죬Ҳ촽䶯ĬһаޱȵϢϼıǳһ޴Ӱʮ׶ߣͨڣֻһ˫۾գĺɫҵ趯˫ֱأаĿлЦ
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лЦ飬ٿЦ֣ȸ֣ͻȻúܿЦԼСβָɾҩָɵЦˡ


827  Х죬Ʊɫġ
һַࡣ
Ի͵Ϲʱڣ񶾵ҲǷǳټģҪƽҲ쳣ѡ
ʦְҵѾϾˣ˵ʧ˲֪ˣʣһƽֽǺεȵѣ
ܹʩչʱ򣬱֮ӰôͿƿƥģ޽ģϾʦѾûˣ˵½Ҳʦˣܹȼ䣿
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ֻҪʩչ;ûܹƾ̣Ÿ˵һнл
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лȴее㵣˳棬˵ټĴ棬ƾԼʵǰʤܹлһлԪ֮󣬻ܳսģǼʿʹȴá
ӦľᱻϣΪĿģֶεıǩ
ԪŴսʱѾʼ˰ɣԪžĻ϶ʩչɡлЦĵ
ٵĬûڣֻЦĿлǱ֮ӰԽԽԣ·ʵĴһ㡣
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828  Х죬Ʊɫ塿
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лһ±һҧ촽ཱུĵɻ³ǣΪʲôҳأּҴҵˣǲǲҰ
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829  һ
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835  ױɱ֮䡾һ
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ȶлȥһ󱩴ʲôȡȭ翿ϥߡɨһǳɣ˾ͺʮлĲ˼顣

һĻ˿Ŀɿڴ
ֱлͣڿѾȫˣ׳ͷ״ͷǰ첲ۣ߹Ƕˣǰǽӡ˺ۣˣˤڵϣߺߡĲҽУȴ̫Ϊݶˣ촽ĺ㳦
лһŲǰĵסˣԺǰʵ㣬οͬһӪϣһ´Σҹ㱳ʲôˣɱ󣡡һŽߵķ˳ȥ
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СŮ㡣
˵ȥûлŤͷĶű棬֮Լŭʵǽڽев˸ϳȥΨߣܹķӡ
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˰ӾͻԾлľҲʼ߶ȼռĸϢٵԺйš
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ɢ
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ͨһ㣬лȻΪʲô̵Ƶĺʼ޷һЩ֮ˣԭ
Ӧøı˼·һζҪһЩ£׳ԼʵǸǿȥ£ǣ෴Ч
лԽԽе˼άҲԽԽ
˺飬طȺǡ֣ʹȸ⣬⣬ʱͳͳ˳ͷ·һжü˼ȥԺилʹõĶӰһָҲͷ


850  ġһ

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һ뷨ʼĺиӹںϣڻֲͨϵرлҲԾ´齣ʼȥԼ뷨
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лƮȥģϵػȭͷģãʣҲһ˿Ц⡣

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˵ðɣȻ˶ģҲû취ôɣܹճΪұԸֵ֧ϺǵȫԳΪµĵĹǿҲûʲôҪֻҪܹɹ
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ⲻֻ̽ҪΪĻۣ֮û̽˼档
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˵ĵΪĻǾˡ֮ȭҾ͸ˣȴĺϢ
˵꣬˱һƻһɫĹߣƮɳȥлæĶͨʩչ£ܹ׽˵ķ·ߡ
죬ᣬ
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ƳʳΣǽƴСȴģһƵġ̵֣ĺйд׺ţҲ֪ǲţͬһЩŹֵķţһ֡
кġлţȻ̧ͷʧķͷɵÿѵǣҲˣ


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ŮһϮ£縡͹߳е쾡£ʤգȵ͸һҪӵ뻳еĳ嶯νȻ˼Ůˣ޷֣ܵһ˫ɢǵĹ⣬һ
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תޣлɫһԭȺصķӱһֱܵĳԼģǴ꽫Լת޵ϣӶԼ뿪ʹʥµġ
Ůӵͷ
лǧǰǻѾɹ˳ʱ䣬϶ѾȫԼˣֻЩƵתޣǻʲô仯أ˵ȥ
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лͷһ֣漴
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һӵ˿ֲֹܲˣлıȺطӵʵˡ
ʥǣþֶΣΪֹҲǼţ׼սʵıԼոͻƵа˶ѣ˾Ϊ׼սʼңɼľ룬ǿɼ´½׼սһˡ
ǵ̫ǿˣͿ뿪ʹʥġл˵\Ԩܹ֮𣿡


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\ԨʵĺǿȱѩҪǿĶࡣлǷԷθĻ
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лŬػ֣̽һĽӽǹƣ㻨һСʱŴ׵ƣֱӽռָϹħµľѪɢ

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лﰵ̾ȻûԵܶĻѾʮıԵ˰ɡ
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ڿλӵжĿܣǹӻʥظٶȵһֶΡ
뵽лԾʥͬʱеʥرһֻصĴڲٿš
֮˵״šлۿ׻ϣ칬һУӦߵĶ֮·ɣ


860  ʥ֮칬
֮ǰ׻ֻ˵칬˶л뵽ʥأ뵽ڣʥӦ̫̫ܣоʥصγĳĿʵġ
칬ûжһ֣ǰһвʥеǿߡ
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ȻˣѲδʹʥ֮ǰѾѡ֧ˣΪʲôֱȥʥأлνǲƵ׷ʡ
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863  Ըһ

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лһǣʹĽ˶ֻĿűˣǵȻҲˣûѪǽʵĸͳȥˣʣµĶǿߣҲʹǵʵΪǿˡ
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ԭڵϢȴ˷׷׵վÿ˵϶Щ˷ܺͼ٣ȴոӵѹ֣ܹģǶǾеľ
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ڴͬʱˮڵˮҲɺˣˮҲѿ¶ֱָͨѿ϶ϼӴǽڣɢлϤϢԽԽء
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лٶҲ죬Ҳû㽫Լٶȷӵ˼ޣȳơ
衢۽ܡ塢ꡢáաȵеʥǸҲڵһʱְԲɢȥֱӷԼǿĶֵܹһйԸֵܹһ˲䣬лٶȣֻҪһ˲䣬㹻ܹƵġ
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лȫһ˱㱻ĺɳȥǵ׹Ҳƫ˷ȴûблľԾɴŴ̶ХƿһʹýųƷϡ
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ѪŽܵлİ׹ɵĴ͸ۣ˳ײ˽ĶǸޱȵĶǡ
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лҪɱձϽľٶ޷֣ڿȻͬˣôһȻ˹
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лһ뵽һ⣬ʹܹ⶯ֵĻΪʲôˣΪʲôش˻ǿԵģܹضȡơ
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лǼɫëףһ飬ͿܱظƣǼëĺйɣȫĶ·ߡ
ҵлЦһΣʩչ˷֮һһ̣ƮȻȥ
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䡭
ɫѡ
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Уһǹĳ֣ǹǰɫëӲɫëƫԭй켣תء
ǹлϤ
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ʹôǹ֮ҲĿеȥ
裡
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лŤͷһħ޺Ȼǡޣ
֮ǰͫ񻢶ĻٴڶǱƵ׼ս۷弶һֻħ裬ޣʮ۷弶ľ硣
ǡǡҲǴһ硣
ǡ䣡
ѵѷȻ
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𷢱ۣһѩëǸлϽʹ֣ʱӣˬǴһ˿ζЦ⣬վɽڴһǰһ󣬽˶Χм䡣
գ˹ˣؿʹˣЩˡ
ʹ΢΢һЦϵң
ҲӵĳԼݡ
Ȼʹ塢ĽΰĴڣؼľͲҪˣ˹ڻˣֿԾˣ
˹΢΢һЦ£̫ˣ


873  ѡ
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Ǳ˵ģ˹ͬһ仰ȴл˸еǿţǶԼľš
Ϊ˹
˹¼֪˲࣬Ķʹ˶֪ʹ壬ΨЩţʸΪ˹Ϊ˹ʹ˵ĿУǾζ޵У˼
Ϊ˹Ǳǿᡣ
㻹û޿˹ɵõһʱһʶġ
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ҿδأ´˹ƺʲôеĿ־ʧΪͻƳɾ׼սʣսҵˣһлҸ䣬δɡ

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ҵȷû䡣˹˵ðһĨɭɱɨлγδơ
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ڵľ޷ʩչ籩һǿӦãµȴĲǵ˵ʥЩľ档
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ħҲлߡ
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874  ѡ
ħ޵ĳ֣ȷл֮⣬˵е˼飬ڰԼ
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лϰ뿪ʥ׵ʥʱ;зһҶ黨ʱһʹŶϬţǰᣬʹ˷ϬţлϹ֮ѪʱֻǾñԼлеˣȴδȻʹʥ棬ؼʱ̣ðԼ
лһ֡˺ñĸоͷ
ɾʮˣлһ۱㿴Ϭţȫɱ䣬ֻλھȻһʮˡ
ϬţǰϹ֮ѪʱеԼһӣ³ɳˣҾԣܷʹʥȻĽˡ
ҵҡл˵Ȼһ٣ˣ϶ǶϬţҵٰ̼ϰӦ̰ŵһֻ֣Լ鷳̲Żǰõġ
뵽лɿ̡
Լˣ̸ô죿
ЩԼҲٸΣա
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ߣסǣϬţȵ
лҡҡͷֻʮһ׼սʼƣܷӳʮ۷徳ʵһʮ۷徳磬һܶԿģɡ
㣿ϬţȻĿ
лͷ㣬㱣뿪ҿܿƲס˺ԼˣԽԶԽá
軹˵ʲôǿлɫɵ𵱳Լľûɵѯôûˣתߴ뿪ǶϬţҲлߡ
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嫵ľ궯ʱް
ӽս۷弶ľǾ۷Ϲǿ߲ӡһֱΪ㽫˾۷񣬿ǵ͹ˡ˹ĿϬĶл㾹ȻΪˣ
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ܣһʩչôǣͬھлҲûзԼ޷ƾʵ˹ĸֵģȻˣᣬҺ⡣
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˹һûд𻰡
ȻΪǸ˼Ĵۡ
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ĵ޷ٿؾҲܹʩչĳ񶷼ԣҲܶʱڷӳ˵䣬Ȼ˳ȥ
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ĸ֣𶯡
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Խӽս۷弶ľŴ߶ϵľ籩Ȼޱȿµģµǣ⾫лԼģϹǿߵĲӡӵĿ񱩣ֲ
籩һлΧĿռʱѺۡ
ԪΪ֮ҵķ
лıǳһ޴ĺڶƵشڣ̫ǿľĿռ
ҷҰ趯ǵ⣬䡣
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䡭
ըȻ
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бը򣬳һ޴ѷ졣
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䶯һӣͬһ㡣
һнٶ̧ͷȥ
ֻл˹ȫǻԡѪ˫Ŀգҧأ˹ȥӸ߿׹䡣
һޣ֪


875  ѣ˽ۡһ
ԺУлŲԼʹȥǾͿգҪŴȫ·ɢܵʹǿֵ˸סҲֲס֪˭ͳʧȥ֪
Ҳ֪˶ãлٴ͸еԺʹ̣˵ûбٴλʹȥ
˷ʮΣǷԵʹĥ£лŽĳܹǿտҲľҲһ˿յļҲһ˿ѣϵЩƤԼҲѾʼָڻУΪ˵ģһоûС
ڷѡУлҲһֱغԼߵˣǱΪԵŮ
˯Ѽ䣬лôجƾżǿ־ϵɢһյľ
Ĺޣ޸ԣʼմج״̬ʱ䳤ˣпԶ˯ֿµĺҲл־ǿǼ̲βԸֳ
տҲľڣܵ˼شˡ
΢еͷͻĵʹʲôں濾Լ꣬Ȼţ΢ĺƴССľһ񺣵ÿһ䣬ÿһףͻеͷѣҪ屾Ӳޱȣ߾ʹĲͣˮҲ͸˴
ļ尾
лľܵȵһ濾ÿÿͻᷴվ񺣣ʹޱȵѣƫƫ޷۾ΪûֻܾĹȵľָһ£Ҫ޸ǹȴ˵ľ񺣲ǹؼ
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⻹ǾޱȼѵĿʹ尾ŻָһЩ
֮෴ľ״̬
ȻܴϹǿߵĲӡܹΪʵʵĶը˺л͵õǷĴͫҪսʼĳڶԣлܹ͵λʱ൱ɴ˿ɼʣлﵽ˺̶ֳȡ
ټϱϤϣлȻơ
ΪֿըĵĶҲٵĻָţȻָ߳ɣĶʹڳǼ尾ʹ֮䣬תʼؼŨԪ
ˣɻûѹľȻޱȣôȻܹתأյĲ͡ġǾձЩûݹ⣬ƣл״֮󣬲е֡
ȻڻУҸоʶѾָˣǱʶԼָǡ΢һ룬еһЩʹͬޣ뺫Ķ鼮֪ʶ󿪣˵ʱıԶıܱȵģӦûڳܾܾ޴ʹࡣ˵䣬ıлͷԼϣ˫Ϊл̫ѨţܵĻл񺣴ʹࡣ
񺣵Ĵˣ
شһп˵ˣʵ˵ıԴҲ˵ؼһ㣬ľΪǾ۷ϹǿߵĲӡٱǹɲҸоǵľźܴĲͬڵƿȥȻܴأܹѾܲˡ
ǲǿԼľָأĻɵþһ
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ᣡŵĵڱǲų⣡
ȻĿ壬Ȼ˵ĺܸԣԵıȻһ˿ĶͷҲܲ˿лԲѵӣԸְ취̫ðգûǲõĺá
ǵĽ̸лůġ
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л﷢ģƴĿƾϵ޸ž񺣣ϵĻָңһ˿˿ľĻϪγСȴʱ䣬˸ʹ尾
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˹Ϻ٣֮ǰҲ֪˹˵֮ҲںҵһרղظܵľеȼУλڵԭǰ˹нʹʥΪϹŴ塢֮⣬Ψһһʹʥˣʱ츳֮Ѿ˸ע⣬ʮ꣬ѾλʵĨɱ˹֪ô߽һƵɽȣ֮߳ȻԴԭĽ˻ʹ״̬ʵնɱʮ֣ǵѪʹʥڵһء
ݺƶϣǴؼпϹʱʹµģԾУϢֱϴʹʥ֮˹ٴγ֣ȴ֪˭һսʧˣֱһγǸ޵ĻҾӦõõһǳµƶϽۡ
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лҪһ֮£ɵԲ㾪ϲĽгΪɽȻ۵ͼһһ


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ÿ³˹ưֵ
ػڶ˷׷㣬ÿһͨ
һ˱ֱӽɽȥˡ
ʱɽۣٶȳ֣ȻǾӣȻûв㱻ɱļȥлҪĶࡣ
˫ĿһĨɫĹΣԴл֣һֱֱлɽĵ֣лģΪʲôȴȫأҿˣܣܣ˸һ۵λһлֻǲ֪ͨʲô취ı̬ǡ
ۣһܹ͸жһٵۼҪߣֻûйˡ
Ŀɽľô£ȻھͻָˣҳֹǿƵĻľרңû˹ɢǱľ棬ػ˵ء
±Ƚϣ޵۾ʼ˽йͨѯһ£δ
ͬʱлѾɽľͷҲǽڴ
ǽһˮĹΣ޹⣬ȴһ̺ŷǳֲĸо
ǽƣԵģǿʩչһҲ޷ֺ³˹ƿЦ
л΢һƣֹĻܹʮȫᲢˣ޷ֺǾζƵҲʮ۷弶ϵĸµģôƽ
Ҳе㻳ɡ
Ȼ˵ܹӰԽƣɱϾҲҪ˵ʵģҪʵˣҲδܹ⿪ưɡ
ҵҩָܹһ䣬һ֣νҲһ֣Ҳ֪ûʲôأ
лţԼҩָǽңңĵһ£Ϳǽƹ΢΢ĲһˮˮУһĲƣУлеָⶼڲ
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ˣ³˹ƷҲ˵ˣˣ޷ƽƣǾζ仹δȻУƽĻп䣬лһԼҩָȫһԡ
Կл
㣿˿ּ֮ɫ
л˿ƵɫΪתˣıǽƣСβָشǽƣ뿴Ρ
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ΨߵıŮܹĶУ²ĿģˣŮ˴˶һۣ¶һ˿Ź֮ɫ
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ࣣ
л͸еԼָһָȻôɵش˽ơ
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ôˣһΪֻǿŮ˵С˿лûԼƣɵó
лȻһЦûдŤͷҪ³˹˵
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սҵԡл
ģߣ˿㲻оǲУб򿪽ư㲻𣬶ְ
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Ҵ򲻿ƣǳʥԭΪǴ򿪽ơлһĨаЦ⣬̺ͱ迴ûɵһһ˿Ҫùĸо
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˿Ҫ˼³˹Ƶѵ
˿ߵһŮ˶ͬˣʲôӦǣҾܽƣ
³˹ƵҴģ˵һİգ˿ϣ㲻Ҫ£ܳΪ̵ˣ̻ƴӣ˾Բһ㣬ǣ䶯ߵĴڡ
ôһ˵˿Ҳֹ
嶯߾Ǵ壬Ϊǵ͵ĴŮ壬ʱ򿴵лɫȻĿ˿һֱӵĸоԽлԽǹƵĸоѹеĲѸ͡
Ҷˣ˿ҧͺ
л¶һĨõЦݣȷҴ˽ƣӦҵκҪˣκҪ󣡡
˿ߵ˵һ
ãл̣ѽȸҡ
лˣȻ൱ϤǱĳֵϵл뷨ܹӦġ
ڳɹʧܣڸ֪ǣл״˿ɵʲôŵаЦݣţ϶ǲġ


880  аа񡾶
лȻǲ⡣
ǴǸ˵˿ǳķУҪĻ˿ӵսѪ츳ߣ죬ᣬȫԳɳΪһǿĶ֣ڲ㶯ֵ£ǾһõӰ谭ǰĲ
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лˣЦݸʢˡ
˿̬Ȼ֮Աȫлܹ򿪽ƣϾģǽƷǳĿ£Ůٸֶ޷ֺлǷ
Ψ³˹ɫ任
˿ִţ˵ִִ֣³˹ƾǸӵԲǽթ˿һǰʹʥ峤ǿǵĴ䣬³˹˿һµʱ򣬲֪˿ĹִһĻϣлܹ򿪽ƣúôһ˿
ʼɣԥˡ˿
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˿Ц˺Ҫ̹ɣ
лĵ˶˺ȻɣҲ˺󣬶ÿ׵ķΧڣΣ
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΢΢һЦһߵлԶĵط˿³˹ƵҲ׷׺ˡ
лڣûκˡ
лŰģͿʩչҩָˣҲõı˷֣ܹŽƵġ
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лȻһЦǣһԼƽСβָزţһ㡣
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˿Ҳһһ˫۾ɴ󣬲ŵĿǲĽƣɫˢһ±ò԰ס
Ϊƣ̺ĳɷֻǷǳģлҩָȻרƽģָһ׵ĵƽƣСβָô͸˽ƣݽȥ
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ϡǵ˵ĻǾǣŮҪ׷Ķʹʥ档
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л˼ת䣬ʼҩָƣָ»磬κ谭
ǵҪƳʱȴȻ֣Ȼ޷ֻܽƸҡζѡ
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лҸ䣬ֻǸ㣬Ҫҷͣ㡣
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л̵ӰһۣҲŨŨİ⣬˵ϵ˲䱩ڴݹΪǿ
أֱ֣̽Ӱǽ档
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ͬʱǽѿķ϶ڣݳһ˿˿鶯л壬ȥӦȻ޸о
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лһƣ浽ʲô鶯ò£Ž飬̵ĸо
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΢΢һ˿ϢŮ˶¶ϲ֮ɫܵĸһ˿
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Ȼ
ǽƺȻѡ
ڿһŨص鶯Ϣлоȴô޷ԼŲϵ
ϢŮ˵ϣǵĶǿҵĲ³˹ƺ˿Ͳһ߿λģȻͻƵļл̡趼ɴ۾¶ŵı顣
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£ɫˡ
³˹ƣݺݵĵ˿һۣŭлĲԼͲᱻţһλ磬λǰĿһ
˿ɫҲѿĺܣĵ˵Ķע˿ȻӦˣ;Բʳԣ
лϸһĨ˿˸еֱð΢Ц㲻ʳԵģҵĶעǡ


881  аа
ЦʱҲԳΪһλǿ߶ҪɱлЦݾʹǿҵɱ
û˵Ҫ󣬿ȴڹ͸¶ҪǳаĿıҪ˿һӰԺлĿģϾ˿ǱǷǳµģƺŮƺĺö
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а񰡣
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ȤҪ󰡡ǡǡ෴һ֮ǰŮ󣬿ЦһŮå˷֮Ա
ӦľŮˡ
ŮˣǵĿУ˿ǾδŮǿıϣһֱĿеż񣬴δгһգ˾뵽˿ǿӲĸԣǺ˿ܻǵһʱͻлƴɡ
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Ҫ֣ǵһɱ˵Ļᣬ˱ȻŮǵĹϵ÷ǳţ޷Ϊѡ
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Ů˿ɶ൱뺷ģѾλ磬Ҳֻһ߶ѣõ磬սԳġ
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˲ϣˣҪҶ֣л˿ŲţֻҪҰѽγʣʬڵأ
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³˹ƼæһѰס˿֣£ǽһ˵ǻǿƽϢġ
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³˹ƿЦ̫ܣҲãҲգŷǳ壬صá
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лһ͸оǵĹϵƺô򵥣ˣǷһϵأ
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³˹ƿЦ̹Ϊʲô֪ҲϾҲǵˣܸ߸µľǣʹʥ֮ǰǵ̸ڽУѾ˻Э飬ֻһ»δ˫ˡ
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лһ£ûǹôһ⡣
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ɵЩңϻ۵ŮԼЩ⣬ʥʼնŽᣬûб˴˵ĹĶǡ
ҪʵѩԱȵóİɣϾÿ塢붼ܴﵽƽƽĵزأлһû̽һŮʵ
塢岻ͬƾŸµϣʼնŮϢǧһյĿޣʵǷǳǿġ
³˹Ƴһ˵ʵƶϣڻǼпܴЭģλӦѩͬġ
̫ܰɣѩʵڱ¶ֻһС֣֪ѩ廹صһӵǿ󡣡лô˵޵ķʸǶʱ䣬ͨ۲ԼһЩжϡ
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ۺжϣл϶ѩʵô򵥣
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882  ǡһ
ʲôط˾Щòݴ½Ʊ任£ʱжҪΪͳߵͷٵλҪܹ֮ͣǷΪ䶯ǱΪսʼԱмҲұҪͻһЩ
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лֹϵ³˹͸¶ǵʵ
ȻˣҪǾò㣬ǾͲ˵ˡлνĵǵ˼Ҳʮ㣬δҪ̵֧֡
³˹Ƶˡ˾߸Ҳ޷Ҫ֪ģҲԼˡ
һᱣܵģΪǵķչһ֪ġл
ŮûǿнսʵⷽȻ࣬ǧһյĿޣЩ̵ģ⿿Լսս۷徳ǰһЩġ³˹ŵĵ͸¶һϢ£嶼ǰչˣ⣬Ǽпͻƣɾ׼սʵģ
׼սʣ
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ҪŮҲ׼սʣǾ͸оһˣһ׼սƺڲðĸо
ûҿЦɣл뿪Ц˵ĻôҸо׼սƺкܶأ
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ƺߴϹŴ岢ûаɡл
ûУ˭ܱ֤ء³˹Ц֮Ի׼սʷǳ٣ʵԭġ
лʲôԭ򣿡
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лףΪʲô֮ǰܸо׼սޣǾƺô٣Ǳлʦѹġ
ҲǿܵģлʦǾͲһ߳Ϊսʵĳڣʵ֮ǿɺɨһУʵ½ܶ࣬Ծܹ׼սʼ˹£ɴ˿ɼлʦǿ
Ƿϴ½ػݣȷ㹻
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³˹ƵҾлˡһתֻصԭ棬עҪģ˿Ů峤ĲѡϣܹŹΣӰ˫ĺ
Ȼ˵ˣлҲҲٶˣؼǣҪɱڣЩȫɵʵ۽ܡڳϵĻϣڲУһˣ䶯췽ȻỳɵģϾ˵һУ̲
ðɣҾԭˣɽһΣϣҪ´ΣȻĻߣҹʲôݣɱ֮л
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˿лԾһҪ˵ģ
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߳ɽͿе˺Ůһ˽ȥͿһɫĹâɢɽȻβŽɢָԭӡ
ǽƣӦս۷弶ֲеµĽơ̳Ǵ򲻿
лǴʹʥĿľǴ˵أ׼°ֹͣͷŵĸоƺʲôǳõĴڡ
һֱ룬᲻ǽĶ
лͬʱһϸһ£ֿܡ
ƻлҺ³˹ƽ̸͸¶嶼һڳ׼սʣѾչٶ꣬أǺҲЭ飬ǵʵ̫ǿˡ
Ƶļ̫ˣս۷弶ǿǰ½ǵģҵֻܶ԰ԵĽٷְãֽƣѣ̵
ȷѣ˶Ļϣġл̣ϻϰȥ֣죬ŮǵĹϵڴ˵رչص顣
̺ͱͬʱѿڵǣ
лЦŵͷ
ϱͨٱΪϰٵ뿪ˡ

лڹŵΣ۵ͼеǸʾ˵Ȼ˵ʲô
Ŷûʲôչȥ۵ͼطʾǳƣӦþָ
лִ۵ͼָķȥ
Ҫȥɣһް׻ΪǾͶһݱϣһ˵
㲻ҲȸԲ飿лЦ
ҡͷȻҲ֪ȸӡɾ𣬿ԶԣȸɾͰĻǰսҪѷɫ׻ɾ͵İģĴ޵ŵģۺʵǿ׻֮ûǰ׻ӡɾͰȽ׵
лȥɡó˰׻Բ齻裬ĶҪȻ֣Ǵ򲻿ҿԺһ֮ġ
Ҳáӹ˰׻Բ飬óһ֮ǰ۵ͼлˣϹȥɡ
лͷͬ⡣
۵ͼŰ׻Բ뿪ˡ
Ҫȥް׻ӡɱ䣬ɾͰ֮лϾŮ͸¶Ϣʵ̫ˣСĽԴ
Ǿĵģлʩչ
ʹʥԪر棬лҲ˷һᣬڰͬʱĶͨĴһ


883  ǡ
˵Ҳ֪ǷΪڵĴڱ򿪵ԭлδãʱƣ͸еԪԽԽŨԼٶҲڼӿ졣
Ѿλǰ˺ܴһ˵ûдͻƵıԵȴѾͨλܱȵˡ
ĶҲһ˿˿š
ÿеʵлһָпҲʹʥܹǿҵĸоطǺ˿ĸоˡ
ʱһһĹȥ
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̱ˣлʼվãǸ˲ţ
ֻʼûȥһʱȥϰĻлţ̻ܿĳɳܹһ棬ˣ˵δɾͲԤ⣬ԵĳǱɡ
Ӱ㿣衣
֣ĸֺܿɽ
лĶͨ򿪣ܿ㲶׽ڰ̣Ȼȥȥϡ
ھִ֣ԼһٶԶĵطվһʯţ˭
ˣ
лӵð
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лٺЦɣôɵġ
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֪ʱȥŤͷٿעԶ֣ҸἰǽƵʱ֣˵ǸƺнƵİ취
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лһֹ㲻ױ赽׶˵ʲô̿ţɢĵ㣬ʶ֣УΣյһˣı󶯵ĵͣһ֣ȻǱɱһȻа취һܹ򿪵ġ
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һȺŮĸǣЩˣлмĲ࣬ÿһżĽǸݺ涼λλˡ
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ݣ
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רϴ˶·ɵϵˣɵȴԴ棬ͿƬƬâգХӡ
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ӹ˵ĲһѪۣ»عлеһ̣Щͳͳˤڵأ֮ǰĵطҲ˳ɽؾǰ


884  ǡ
ɽĵشǳƽΨһ΢ͻһԲ״ͻ𣬴ʮ׵ĸ߶ȣֱһ׶࣬ÿһʱһĸ档
Բ״ƷţÿһŶ˸ŵΣԲ̵ײɢһĹΣĸָƷ棬лĸ´½ͨõ֣ǡŮĸ֣ʳָڡ档
лֻһվܸӦ˵ʵڷٵţҪͻλľ硣

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³˹ŭˣҪ
Ҳлɽڣɱȥȫ汬ƺĹҲ൱Ŀֲл˶һüµľʵ٣ȴܹҪƴɱġ
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Уױܹǰλĳ壬ױ֮ѪϹʱδӡһѪ֮ǰĴڣʱĽױεȵĿֲһѪںľǽױ塭񻯣
Ҳ˵һѪܹʱʵ
ۼлһݺݵı˳ȥޱȡ

л׼ɵһᵲסҲץסǸƿӣָĸ첲ϣǿĶȻӿȥ۵ĽһֲԾıɿˣлץƿҲһƮȥ
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׼ᣬлٴξٵ
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أ
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񱩵ƶȻ޵ϱͬһХȥҲֱӳײȥ
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³˹Ҳͣ˴սǶлӦԡ
֪лһЦλҲˣ
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лȻֱ붴ǡôĽŵȥл붴Ӵ

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⣬ⲻܣ龪е
ģɽ϶ݣⶴҲɽһ֡³˹Ƴ
鼥Ǵģ廨Ѳ֪ŪסĴġ
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У֣ƣвЩ㷲ģĿǰֻһǾǱ档
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лˮʥഥһʱ䣬Ȼ֪ʥǴﵽս۷弶ˮʥǿֲܹ֮λлѹȵϢε൱¡
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ҲǰԼһֱʩչٱ֮ģȻҪ¶ˣΪɽۻ൱һʶˡ
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ʯʮףˮ״ͬһᣬɫֱǰɫɫɫÿһɫܰԣŵĹתţǴ˵еʯ
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㲻ٶԣҲ֪ԼĻ»Ϊ׸лķӡ
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лҲ뵽Ұ䶷˵ͼ޵۶ʱ֣ͬΪλ磬Ұڲѩɽͼ֮Ծɴһ磬ȴܹʤ䶷ɻܣǲࡣ
˫أ޴͸л壬ڵ档
سѺۣл˫Ҳ½ףһ֪лʵ۽һĲࡣ
ߣʵҪɱǣͲǱ۽Ķ֣лˣ
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ߵǰȭʽХ񷡱ݺݵնǲǰӰͻԣأͬһѶز񵶣Ű嫵ϢˮͰϸֱ죬۽ӥ๣ݺݵ߶ȥ

У񵶹Ӱ飬Ǿ޴ı۽Ҳһ˳ȥͷëһҷɡ
ǿȴöлЩǿֲʵĲģ֮Զƴħȴģɱѡ
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âɢȥ˾Ϳ۽ҽţϵëĴ䣬Ѫײ߿ô


899 ǽء
Ϊﵽ֮һ㶼ս鷽ܷḻƴľǶǿ
л֮ǰܹƾ趷ʥս֣ǵ磬ͬǳɫһ֣ȴûжٻԽɱˣԭЩͬſֲĶȭĶ
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ǿɱлȻӿ죬Щħ޺͸ֵУƾʧһ㣬ôûټһա
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תʱȴлȻѾվǱ۽ǰɵű۽նȥ
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л֮ƮˣʩչԾٶȿ쵽޵Ʒ磬ڱ۽񲻸ŵĿУӲǽٶȷӵķϵħĵز뱩Χڰȫλá
۽ŲţԴȥ
ĺܲġ
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սлɱҲǱȽ鷳ġ
棬񻢻˿˿鶯ĳǳᣬл˾Ҳ˺ħޡ
ǲ֪ʱ˿̣ĽɫĹѾɵΪģڵɢȥˡ

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ٰȼŽ͵ĳ׷׵תնʣħޣЩǡ

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лȻתԶȴѦȲˣл˱뺷ﻹͣһʱˣܵĺǿ졣
׷ˡȴлҪȥ׷ɱͷǻиҪ鴦Ҫ׷ǵˣǺڵġ
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ЩͷԵлȻפطȥ
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˷Улʵ̣㵽׵õ˹ǷʲôĽأôżһоһЩ̿֡
Ҵõܣ̫𺳣ʧ֮¶ţҲϳˣǵ׷ɱҵĹУпܱ˷ְӶӣֻѦֻ֣ħ޶޴ģ͸ǵħеֻ˵
ޣѵйأлɫҲ
룬ȥеƦļһǾԵĳǿߣǸлʦȫʢʱڣҲǵʱǿˡ
йأôȻȻǳµ顣
û̳׶֮ǰŮŮ޸ˡ
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صͷ˵ŮȥüǧˣܹڵҵһЩѪԵ͵ˣ˵ʲôϵˣڻҪֻ취һǾ۷ڵϹǿߵĲӡһͨѪһյעˣȻΪҵػʵˣһҺܻɣʵͿսʼҲһֻſսʼĳڣĸ֣Ŀǰлʦ˥֮Ѿ˿Կˡ
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Ը룬ֹİ취ʥصʥǡ֣ȷĸ֡
Ǳٵĸֵľסء
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ǡ̾ʦȷʧˣʧǱģΪҪΪʦȻѪӡһѪʦѾٵˣĵǡѩܾ
лɻĵѩܾʲôֺǸط
̵ǵǱѩפڵصĽأ˵ֻ峤ʹϲ֪ѦԣѩܾƺжѩǿߣǶǱչϵģʵжǿԿ϶һ׼ս۷弶Ĵڣڵмλ׼սʣȴö֪


900  һơһ
Ѧ˵ѩܾڵжˣл׷ʵһǳµϢ
׼սʾ׼ս۷弶ȫ
ͺսս۷弶ս۷弶սֶԾҲУɽ֮ġ
һ׼ս۷弶ǺɨһеĴڡ
û˵˵ЩŹֵĿл֮Ի˵ܸоʾõɣƺǶĶˣֳȷл֮ϽӰĨȥˣȻǸͬŮˡ
лﻹ˼̵ЦȻѩܾڴ˶ĸ֣ΪʲôǲЩأȫͺɨ½ˡ
Цɲܾģ˵ѩܾһΣȻĻ׼ս۷弶Ҳ޷򿪵ģ֮бѩܾΪѩ屻ӡģӡ֮˥Ǳ˱ѩܾʵĸڿ꣬ӶܹһִƷӡǡսҪȺʱѩص壬һѣѩⳡѵǰƽӡǱѩܾڻδ⣬Ǿ뿪ƺҲ֮ˡ
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ǵԴӺұʵνǴϱǿʥǺ֣֮£һηǳصĴ˵ʮսĲΣѾȫ洦ƣǻĻҪԭװȴȫϽɾʥ֮𣬸Ǳлٵˣ군
ڣǷΪһҪƽƣȴٶ𣬲Щ޷ŵٶڿ塢Ůļ룬ǿڳ׼սʾ磬пܳɹ
˾˸еǵǿǱѩĴһѩܾ滹ֵĻôǾпٴγɾǿߣܳлʥ൱һ֣ʥ֮ˡ
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һлɫͱˣովΣͿǻһȭһʥĸͷԸˣһʥеƣЦ뿪֣Ӫڡ

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ٸǰһɱ㣡ɭɭĵ
˵³ɫ࣬ʵͻвģת֣죬֣죬ҽһ£ô£ʥ˵õΪʲôҪɻᣬɱʥˣѵ˫ĺ𣿡
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Ψлվ֣˵Ķ棬ǸŻܿĹͷлɫЩ仯ĵˡ
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Ϊʲôԣлʵ֣ҲеǱѣѵǱζδһʲôǣҾ֣ȨǰҲҪصģסҵݣȻ࣬ʥʥ׵ĵνδ̳ˣȻ˵ûʸ˵
ȷʵǴˣҲôʵɣ˵֮ǰĺǺܺһСⲻӰǵĹϵ
֣һ˵ûΪС¶
С£лЦ֣죬ҰֵܵԴšһܹ˳Ϊ׼սʼƣ㻹˵С𣿡
ҡ֣챻˵ſڽࡣ
֮ǰ֮ûֹȷǱƸˣϾƿɲͨĶǿһδﵽ׼սʵƷеļƷû뵽ȻɱˣֲҲǰ޻λţܲûȥɡ
һĴ𰸣ʽһйϵҽ캣֣ȫնɱл˵棬úޱȣƾĺ硣


901  һơ
лڻǺʱ˵ݾţƵǧյ쵺󵺵˶Ҳɵƾǰǻ
лõȻ취õġ
л˵Ĩȥֵ֣ԭΪǶ֣ûʲôǣȴֶƻ
ϰ֣
лȻڵȴĽ͡
лǿƣ֣ں޵ҪԴӻ֮Ϳʼùɵð²ࡣ
֣֣ưɡ̾Ϣ
֣컹˵ʲôɿЦҡͷҲεĵƽ

ȻлһĹѾõƵϿɣ뵽ƿܸԼ޾δһ׳ܾ
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˵ҲѾõƵϿˣκ˶ҽƽȥ
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֣Уȴͬˣڻ֪ǵľʼվԼʥǷ治£ʥʥ׵ʥǣô˳ͻ·ˡ
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֣Բ׺ݵĶŻǻںƴĿܵδΪ֮ǻƱ˵ĸܡ
֣ȷܲлĵתƣҸһʹ죬ҪôȡƣȻܾĥѡɡ
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лЦˣͣ޷ǾˣôҸҪˣұɱ㣬ҵҪҪǸ̤㺣ұҪȫں򣡡
ȵ֪壬㻹ôԲѡ

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ǵЦ˳֪ĴģЩǺ˶һֳŻ
˭֪һУһɾǱѩ壬ƺĵˣһǺΪǣʷϣÿ崦˥ڵʱ򣬼ǺĸΪ
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ǰλϰǰԵͬȴʥʵȨ˼һ仰֣ҳϵ
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Ļǡ֣
ҲϰѡǵĺѾֳпƺؼʥиʦϵõпܿǽǷǳӴ嶼ҪǿǱҪܵѡǺǷѣǰǣ֣֣ҪлǿС
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һлɵðЦ˵Ļȷǳͬĸֺܶࡣ
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ն˫֡

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лһбָ񷣬ǰɱʮ㡣
ص֣쿴лĶˣ˵׺ݣҲżˣæٶȿ顣
лδţٴγ
汳ĺٿȻüļǳһϸСĹӰƣȥɣ
ԱҪʱġ
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902  Ƶšһ
ƣлȻ֪εģ籾Դֻ֣һ˿ıԴʹʥô£ĵĲˣɱϾ籾Դİڡ
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ıըֳΧġ
ǱըȴЩ̬һ±㽫Ա֮ǰڵһգռѿһ϶ںģһС
ĵɳȥлĺѿķ϶Ʊըľ󲿷֣ˣǱըȻʮֵĿ£һ±㽫֣ĸָ˽ȥһĸֻըʣˣ룬ֻȷѪꡣ
һ·ˣл̻ϡ
ϧһơлЩʧĵΪĸԣɱĵġ
̵⵹ǹؼǻԱȻô٣վλã»ˣͱɱˣԱʲôֶΣ˵Աٶôйأ
ӦȻĻ֪ҵٶȣѡԱ˵϶֪ҵٶȸ޷ֹԱġлԺˣҪһʱֽɱܸκλᡣ
˵䣬Ǳըͣ
֣һ룬ŵ߲֣춼һЩˣ⻹ʩչ񻯽˵ˣϾ׷ȥģлס˻ԱΣӦлˣȴĺ
صˣ֣
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㣬ҡ֣챾Ҫʣȴл˵һǴ֮࣬Ҳеһɱӿ
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ٰϰлȻ֪뷨ʼնԼһëŮһֱǴлΣյĸо֮һ˹˵ĸо
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ص⣬ҡ֣ü
л֣죬ʧĵ⣿Ҫ֣촦µĽ̫ʧˡ֮һתҷ£ȸһϢɣϢҲǿֹͣչصġ
֣컹ڣ漱æʵʲôϢ
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лǴŻ֪ǧǰ֮ŮңѪҪҪ۷ģǶѾΨһİ취ͨŮһЩϡѪʩչһѪ󷨲ѾȥӪˣٺ٣ǸʲôʵҲ˰ɣڼٵʵȴԼڧ֣죬˵һ㣬ͬ
Ļ˵ĻҲ󣬿еĶУȴͬգԴ졣
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904  رؾһ
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907  ޻꡾
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909  ʥĿġ
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лĽѾصڸԶС棬ǿĽŵӿݺݵĹᴩȥ

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910  Ⱥһ
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ħ޻ȫлҲеĲͬаʥغʥصħ޻Ҫʥħ޵޻࣬һΣȻⲻħޱĲ𣬶˸ûеõħ޻꣬Ѿлɵˡ
ħ޻Ҳ֪ͨʲô취ͷų˵ĿֲȴҲЩѾȥ֪Ĺ帴ƺӦкǵˣ׷״ӳ˯ѡ
̨Ÿ̨ףʥǣȫվ


911  Ⱥ
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лûȥѾˮ⣬ĿӵļᶨĶǲĺΪȥʡ
һ·쭣ֱϼ̨ˡ


912  ݡһ
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ڶǵͼǳչĻԻͣûκκۼѾ׵ǽڣΪǽ塣
ǽߵǽлӿ졣
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ʥػħʵ൱һ̣칬ͨʨֳ߳һߵ
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һ˿С磬ͨʨŵڷˣҲ¶ЦݣСһ˿С磬ǿͨʨıԴڣһ˿Сܹɱκһʮ֣սҪΣյġ
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ǿʩչǿʢʱڵ֮һ磬ˣһʩչϣЩήҵڵϣ޻ӰģڵҲ˥ˣ෴ľʼԾˡ
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913  ݡ
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ţǡǡ˼ҹ塣
ͬģϹʥʵΪ˱ﰮĴڣлΣʱȻıϵ
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лץǽһ޷յĸо
ȻӵаϢɱϾǽѡеˣлĿУǽֻһˣǾ̣֮⣬޷Ԧ

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屯ϢصѵĹ壬ЩɾҲͷǣлѪҺˡ
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䶯졢֣ʱҲûпսһվһ飬ǵɫҲǸвͬ
˵ϰʹʥϣʩչֻһΣǾǺɨ˰ҵڵ֣ʥصǿߣĬˣû뵽Ȼ˹֮˵Ļܹ齨һ֧أսбȻܹռݼơ䶯˵
ûϣ˰ɣɱ˺Խٵ˱飬˵Ĺϵá֣ĵ
䶯ЦһԽͱܹȡõ֧֣׬ˣ𣿡ЦĿ֣죬ں˵ĹϵȴҲֻҪȥڣǻףְ֣ǿѣȻƳȥ֣еѾҪǵ֧־ͿԴҺлĵزˡ
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ͶʥϾϵЩڣʱݵʢǺڵҪȥĻҲ޵Ҫ
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²Ȼɡ䶯ЦĿˣĲô˽⣬λϻ˼ѣٺ٣Ůˣҿ˵ԶӻϿɳ̶ȣ簮ݶ˵ĶӱϰƵԱû˼ѻ᲻ϰ鷳𣿶ϰʲôˣݣϱʥҲѷɫ壬οŽⲻĳޣϻ˼һԣٺ٣ҸҶ϶ֻܳΪˣٳΪѡ
֣ɫ࣬䶯ģԭ򶼽ʥƵ˶ϣ״Ϊľٶеڡ
ԱߵıţҲһпҲã˫עˣȻûпˣһж֣ɵġ
ݵһĻҲͨ鴫ݵлԺУݵľصȭһʽİӣлǰȭһʽİˡ
ݣ
ȭһʽݣ
лľҲٿȻﵽ˸߿ķе㣬ǾʥӰҲ֮󣬱عǽڡ
ǽ˳š
лûĸо֪ΪǽûΪԭһǽؽչֳ
ٿЩ·ʧȥһ׷׵ڵϡ
л̾һԴ֮ЩϹʱʷǳ׽ˣｫõĹء
ܣѾ뿪лҲǽռָ뿪Ĺء


914  ʲôһ
лûԭ·أ칬׻Ϻɽǰ·뿪ģλþ֮ǰȥս׼սʸֵĳġ
׼սϵĴսѾοӡԺУǿֳĦʱսɵĺлԣȻкܴİڶ棬԰ȭ֮ȫ¸
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վлҲȥ
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Ҷĸ˾粢ܸߣڶĳɾɳΪһˣ괴󶷼֮һİȭ˵˶ľڣⲢҶǿĶ
ǿǡɲǷлҲд˶Ҳܳʱ䣬ҲõҶĽ⣬ʼû͸еİ塣
ȭɲǷԵòһЩ
лĸоУǾǰȭĿܣҶֶֻܽΪʲôԼܼŰȭ·ȥأĿǿŴʥԼȫǽһĻٿḶ́һжʹлеԼԽȭǿ¸ΪǿİȭĶ
лϵһ⡣
ڸ򶷼İ
ǰлȥ򶷼ʱ򣬴ǳްȭԵʰɣȻһܹѾҶĸоⲻҪȥĽҪ棬Ҳδ̸ͨȭоʱȭʱҶ̬ԼһЩȵȡ
о״γ֡
лЩпϾ˱Ҷ崴춷ؾһ˽⣬Ӷ߳һԼԴ·ӡ
춷Ƕ⶷ɲô򵥵ġ
Щ˾ˡ
˻˻
УͻȻеƺһ˿˿ϢϸȥӦĻĺѷ֡
˿ϢϸоȻϢĲ
лɵ۾
леЩȻΪϢ̫ˣ⵽ɣľľͷųνϢһϢĴ⡣
һһ˿΢ɲϢڣʱܸоԼ·һء
Ϣо
ȴǿһĸо
лɵ˳ϢԴȥֻߵʣƺһڵڻ½УϢĲǺڵ㴫ġ
ʲôлĵ
½ĺڵ㣬ٿط븴һͷɵлͷ
ļǵã˹˵ǵõˡǸˡɢһ˿ģ΢еĺڵɢģл۾ɵõɴˡ
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лſеĺڵ㣬Ҫȥô£Ǻڵм֮ңһ˸ܹҲǺڵȻǷǳǳӴǡ
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˱ѩ׵һͷɫĳ趯գһ˫ɫ۾͸һɴĸо
Ůǰʹʥ˿
ôˣлûأݱ¶ǵǸȻҲͱ¶ˣûҪټװȥôȻǵˣлͲôŮٻ뿪ˡ
Ͼ˿츳൱˵ġ
˿п쵽˵صʱҲлһ֮漴ϸһĨŭ֮ɫȶ̿
лοܣ˿ȵ
лЦ㿴ܵ𣿡
⻰̼˿ָлȳɵĻ쵰֣ȥƻĽأǲͨ籨ŵġ
ΪҵĻ֣𣿡лƳһ˿൱йģزƲشԣ
޳ܣ
˿𵱳л޳Ҫ󣬾͸еһ߷ߣл˷ǿŭѡ
ʢŭ֮£˿óһѷĳҶҪҵĽ¡
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˿Ȼѷ𽣣ҲŮȱµģδʸΪγѪ졣
ûٹķϻлָֻ˿¡
ԣ˵ս
ŵɫĹתţâ²ŮΨŮ˲ܹӳǿܡ
˻˻
񽣣Ƿ𽣻ĦðĻǣлնȥ
л۶ţٽɵٿȻ

з𽣽С
һ߳Զԣ⼸ȫ𽣽ȴһߵģЩɢ
һײ˱ɢ
лԭز˿Ǳ󵹷ɳȥ
Ƶ磡
˿ĹлҲ֣֮ͬһӿնɵ˿صնȥ
Ů֮
˿ѩɫƵʵȶһɫĹâɨлŮ֮壬Ҳ츳ɣΨŮӵеģǿĺܷЩŮ֣ս츳Ů֮Ҳδܹɱʥ֡
˿ȴǳĿ¡
ɫĹ˸Źʣ˿֮ǰɫľ̶ɵģ֮ȴ޿ɵֵġ
лɵǿҰնȥ
һ˺ѿɫ˿ȥ
䣡
޾ɫ
ǿĵǱƵ˿ϵˡ
ⲻܣ㣬ôܵסҵŮ֮ʵѾͻƱԵ˿סΣϢĵ
л΢΢һЦҵȷѾʮıԵɵָ˿֪˭ȡ˭˰ɡ
ᵶٶȳ
˿Ŀâ˸
ʮлǾʵ߳һЩģսȥƺûʲôϣ˿ߡ
ݡ
Ȼ䣬дһ
ڵʱһεľſȥл˿еɵͷҲܵǹǿǣȻ߿շȥ


915  ʲô
ǳлɵһֱ˴ĳȥſǸСڵȥ
𶯶ǿסԼ
ǹ⣬лûʲôãΨɵŷǳǿһ½ɵռָ
ˣлʱû˱ĸо
ŤͷŮ˿ŮҲ൱ľҲ𽣸ռָһٵԶߡ
֮£ȫƴٶȣ˿Ҳǿľˣл΢жһ£Ҫ׷ϣҲЩѣܱ˿ӪǾ鷳ˣ׷ɱתǸСڵ㡣
ԴԿС
лվڰգܡ
Դ˵Ϊģ˷ԲķΧڣ޾ľ׷׵ضſСڵ۹ȥ
˼һлҲ߿շȥ
ҪǺڵ㵽ʲôȻӴĶԲģȴеһǿѹ涯
ѹǺܴ󣬿лԽϷУѹԽϵѶҲڼӴ
վڸߴ¹޾ľܼһ㣬׷׵һһ˿˿ľ磬ĺХ
лҲоӣʱʱĻһЩòĶԴ
ƾǿ߿Լһ׵ʱѹѾǿлҪϢĵزֻͣ
λϿȻȻֻȭͷСϾȻңɼľ룬лҲпǺڵ
һɽ
л֮ЩԼ۾ٶϸȥǵȷһɽǸɽݾжϣɽҲ൱˵ġ
ѵħɽڲɣ
ţȴ֣ɽɽ棬⺮˸Ƿյ̫âлŬļȥ
⺮Ȼǻħ
Ƕڿ֮ɽϣɢһݷݵɱ֮ЩӴյľҲֽӽڳΪɱ֮ϢҲǼУлҪ
þҲ޷ǰһ׵ľ룬ֺƵѹͬ޷ѹȵлϢС
֮£лֻ÷
ԶȥʮӣûǱѹѹȵĸо
лԶһɽۣ֮ǿ֮ɽɽ½ٶ˵Ͽ죬ȴҲ̫лжϣٶ½ĻҪ²ܹ䵽ϡ
ֻǲ֪ɽ£ֽᷢЩʲôأ
Ȼħڸգôܿɽأһ俪ʼӣӡһѪӰɡ
ڶ룬뿪˴˵ء
ʥǸֶȿޣаŮڣƣ˵ǰȫĽҶȻڿޣлҲģʥʥ׵פصķȥ
պл˴˵ء
ϰݶ⣬лҲûлװϰʩչ롣
ӴԼǶ񣬱һϲģ˭֪澹Ȼ˶ԻһȻǹĵ
лתƷ򣬽˵³ڡ
ʱ˵³ҲǶڣﵽǰĺܡ
һ񣬱ʩչĶͨ
ڵ˸ڣ˳ֱ˵³ڣһˡ
ô֪ˣлȻûзʲôı仯ģȴ֪е֡
ҵġȥı仯ָģϸаָһлλá
ԴΪ׻ɱ䣬һ֮л֮ƺμͿ࣬û˸ҡ
ΪʲôûиӦл
Цǰھһ˿ʶʧǳںˣҲɱܸ֮оȴܸӦʲôطȻˣҪܸӦңǡָزл°ͣƸŮåϷһ㣬ҰſŶھȻûдﵽֵزʧ
лЦһɲϹľ˵ǰʱǲǾ㣿ݣ
ô֪ģ̾ȵĵ
ԭʱǰһĻʵģлóǽ佻̣͸㡣
̲Ŀлһۣסǽ
ͻͻ
ǽڶʱŵӰ˸
Ӧüļͼٶȳ֣˸˴Ӧ֮Ϳǽڵľŵʥͼ˴һнںϣ̵ɿǽųɫĹΡ
ˢ
ǹ֮£ǽٵСȥǽôڲ
лȷĵ
̱۾һˡ
ǽʲô𣬻ڣءлڱڵ飬ǵһμ
Ӧսʼɡ̳
Ļ޷ǾʥðսʼлҲ֪ĵȼҲǸ˵ֵģǻħҲսʼνսʼƺһͬ㣬ǾӦ˽ǡ
ħĽǲǡħӥ
ǽأ
ȻǾŴʥˡ
лɵ뵽ɵɵһħţͱħܵ޻ǷҲӥɱΪ飬Ӷɾսأ
սʼΣлʵ
̳ǿǿӵһʷʢԼʵ˵ľսʼҵʵ̫ǴﵽսʼȻĻ޷ٻǽʹá˵ȻһЦ͸˹صôлأ
ҵҪСġлס̵ϸһ̱㵹ĻУϣɡ
ðͬ𣿡Цеʵ
лЦűҪش𣬶ȴ΢һ٣˵ţ졢׻ϡԶ׿áҲˣ٣˼֮ǰҪٵǽһսô־ˣղŵҪ̸ʲô
ȷʾҪģ˹ȨĽԼ˵
Լл֮ǰ˵ҪҵôͻȻҪˣ
̵ΪҼٰϰҳݵԵʣǴΪܹɡ
лͷȷʵд˿ܣʥĳȻ֮ãٶ𣬶ʥҪ뾡ܵĶԹƲĻҪģȻ̽ùϵڵ£ħ˼ѣʥضԣλвȻҲп޷˵£תײеĽɱҲǼܵģĸ˿棬һãͿʥʥ׵ʥصΧˣõܹʥص


916  һ
ΣͻͰлǰߴһпٲʥصٶֵл֪ǿ϶ҪԼŵģҪ֤ʥزͻ֤ȴôġ
ֻ˵˵ûŵģ֤ȻǾзǳǿԼãһΥԼм𺦲ſܡ
л˳˼
ڻУû˵Ϸռ˵ĳ嶯ʵõĻΧ̫ķա
Լ
л뵽˵Ĺĵ˽ԼҪϵģԼϹʱһַǳԼĶһΥĻôͻԼķɡ
ܹԼϹž󲿷ǿߵĽԼڵǷǳµģǷΥԼΪģһؽ
ǽԼԼҲˣлҩָ֮ҩָȫκģǽԼԼĻǿԲõģܹýԼʥŪڹ֮ҲδزɵģϾʥʥ׵ʥϰһٵݣл飬֪˿Ƿǳٵģлεˣ͸¶ȥġ
̣㽫뿪ʱշһ飬ϸϸĸңסҪһϸڡл̵硣
̼ɫ࣬ҲٿЦϸ˵һ飬Ӵʱڣÿһٶÿһ飬ޱȵϸڣԼٱл̵ܹļжȡһЩֵġ
ġ˵óԼһûпˣý뿪϶Ҳ룬ҪһǲǸǽ˰ɡ
ţ֪ˣǻݡлһ̵Ρ
̰һۣץסлĸ첲ʩչٱ
˺ܿ㷢˱仯
лϰģҲ񵶽ȫ׼Ϊһεģл棬ѵһϮ׼׵װ
ˣ
̵ľٶл̲סʿҺҡ
̽ĵĿĻУЦ˵ˡ
ãҵıɡлЦҲܼթʰһ飬ȷԼʱתϰݵ״̬У뿪
˽ҲΪݲһ㣬Ҫǿ˵С꣬ĺܣԲܱ¶һ˿ǽйһ֮󣬱˴˵˽Ӧøһ㡣
һ飬л⡣
гʥص֮⣬˵³дŮװȻҪˡ
л롣
ص
˰
׻ϵ˷׷վк
λݹ٣ʧԶӭ°лҲЦһһĿҲӹ졢׿áԶˣΪ˲лսϰҲйսǷҲһҪأǸֵע⡣
оǣʥر濴ѺãʵΪͬ棬Ը壬ԻħˣǶĵˡ
صʲôʱôһλƯðôû\ԨȻһЦɨһ̣ö
лһЦ̵һѣҵˣϲǲģݲؽҵİá
̸олƴ们ʱ˳͵͵һΣɵİޣȻǱˣԼûֻóű˲עʱ򣬵лһֻۣȴɱ
ԭռŮǱȽϸȤˣ֪˼ģȤ𣿡ͦأ߶е쾡£\Ԩеǳջԡ
һٶɢľʱڵļ˶Щ仯صĵ˵\ԨежӹһĨȣ׻ϵ˸һЩ㱡
лȫӰ졣
ջǺǿɺλ˱ǾͲ̫Զˣһ档
˵ķӦ۵ףл¶Цݣˣܲء
˼ҲԵܶءЩ죬˺жǼװģǹġ
лðȻǣϣﵥ̸̸֪ɷԸأ
ԼȻѡ
˿ƴεĽ˵ɫȴˡ
ǰĿʲôȻݵģȻ˴˶ղҪλˣҲף˴ǣƣǺѵģõİ취ҪͬǩһԼġ
лֳĹϵȻżˡ
ȣ
Ƚջֵסȿڵ˴ǰҲ֪ǵĿ˰ɡ
ţ֪µĿˣѵҲ͸һĿ𣿡л·Ĳһ㡣
⻰ʵĵҪߵĳ嶯
ǺݺݵĿŵҪһжģȻΥԼһ
ȣȡһε飬϶Ҳ֪ܹݣǾ͵δΪ֮ͬϹʱһϹʥһ㣬ƿ壬Ҳ˵ǵʶ뵺ǩһԼԹƽԼ
лЦЦĿŵû˵
ٶѵĻڣ̲סΪ˿ңѵ˵𣿡
ȷһ㡣лЦǺǵĵλ֪ɣݵĲҡ
ʲô
˭
ôܣ
Щ˶ǾӢеľӢлĻԾǸеǿ𺳣ǲŵĿл
׻ϳûЦɣ
ܿЦлĵ
λݵǺˣǿɷһ׻ϵ
лһ̡
飬ֻһ㶼ˣ̵СŮӡ
㣿̲סɵĵ
л˵Ҳ֣ʱ룬ȣٺ٣ڽһЩ飬ͻȻͳֵݵһûŪôء
⻰˼ǡ
ֻ˲һЩˡ
Ϊ£˾лס̵֣ڿʼҵĵһˣԺҲڵʱе
̵Ҳ¶һĨЦ⣬Ȼ֪лѾʼΪϰһ·ˣϾлڶ࣬Ҳûз޷ͬʱ֣ôԺͿ̹ˣŮݶ⣬ܱΪװģϾΪϰԸлͬӴʱ䳤ˣǻ˿ġ
̶ˣԺ˵Ļ͵ҵҪ󡣡л
˵³˸Ͻ񣬡ˣ
̵ͷǲض񡣡
˵³ϽлԱߣ̰λ
̶˵õݣҺѾƲɵˣϲĵ
⻰Ҳõ׻¶Цݣ˵ıʥҲڿλˡģ֧˺ʥصɫЩ̫ÿ
лЦˣǵĸڳˡ


917  
ҳ֣Ǿ߽ǵĺʱ
صĻڵ׿˵֮ǰû֪߾Ȼ̶˵ĴڰɡɽЩͳɫҲ̫ÿ֪ǲǻĸأ
лûһøУĵ֣ɽжٸأֿɷ棿
ҡſڽࡣ
˶ױ¶ģǳʶ
лЩɨһۣλʥΰɣǾһλʦĴڡ
ûش⣬ȴʦ˵
Ҳ˵ʦ˭˲֪ǾܹԤδһʱڿܷ飬Ӷס
⻰ʵҲ˵еơ
ڱ¶ֻһѡ
ѹֵܹΪʥĵ׻Ǹп֮ɫ
лȻһЦֿˡ
ʵʵ˵׻ϵԭҾãۣƿϾͽӥһ壬˾Եľ棬ȻȥǿʵʲȻϾǿʣǻֶԿԵΪĿԷߣҪıˡ
ܹϰҲ˵󻰣ͳһ򣬲ʲô¡лЦصǰһ仰
ֻҪ칬ȫ֧֡׻ϵ
칬Χ½ɣҪֺʵҿǲ̫ðɣأ
л׻ƺߵýˣȻϵһ¶⣬ûǵĵ̣½ǲҪĺãȻʲôҪᣬǾͲ̫ˡ
λ׻Ͽڷ
־ͲҪ˵ˣ˲ѵǴԼ֪ʥǸ򻮷ֵģ칬ɽƿ½ʥغаʥɳĮǹ\Ԩ£׻ǲҪԽߵĺãȻĻһͻ»᲻̫ðɡ
ǻԣлǰЦѡ
ҪľЧʥصϣʥؾ֪ˣҲ޿κΣΪ˴ĵ˾ǶԷл뷨УϹߴǵﶼʲôġ
̰һлȣƺ˵㹻ġ
лһ̵ΣЦݡ
ڽ棬ȴڰе飬һԹŮľٶаʥ׿õ̲סĺһ
λִûУ׿ĵ
ͬʱһ㶣뿴
׿õ֮ǰЭģǲǿ԰Э£뵺ǩһͬԼҲ˵ˣһƽԼ𣿡
΢һ£ĵ룬ԼƺЩطҪ޸ģ»ӳһ±ȽϺá
ţûӳټ죬ٹͬһ¡Ҳʾͬ⣬Ĳ˵֮ǰĿֻǿ˵ȴ˵߻̶ˣҾãӦµԼȻĻԵܲƽҪˣıǻһλʦǿʥض޷󼰵Ĵڡ
ʦ֣һ
˭֪ʦҪԣڷʼɣлǷλʦеء
λ֪Լл
ʱӳ١
˵Уͬӳ٣ȻĴ¾ͱˣ˾ϣʹ֮ǰЩìܵ졢Զ׿˴Ϊŭ˵ȥ
ʣµǶҪɵԼġ
лһ˴˲϶ϣģô֮ǰٵΣҲȻĽȴĻΣֻҪõõܹҷԴ
λ뿪ˣҲ촰˵ûҪӰʲôлһϵģǶҹңҪҺϣȻǹͬ϶⣬ȻǲܵģǶʥأҵʶҲֻ鼮УĺжϣҪжһĻѾľˣϾǣʥأ̫ұҪȥʥʦһ֮ȻٸǴ𸴡
¶ʧ֮ɫ
֮ҲûʦڣȻܲãʦѡ֧ߣɹġ˵һϣ֮ǰȥҹϾ󵺵ʦֻǰԤȫǶԵġ
û칬Ҳӭ͡׻ϵ
˵ˡ
ʼնųĬ
뿪̵̶ˣ֪ܷ͵̸̸̫ʱġ
ԡ˵ݺݵһл·˵׼ʲô뷨
лǺٺһЦһ̵ȥŶҪϢһ
̶촽ûзǿͿ֡衣
ñԸл
ȥ
˵³Ҳ뿪ˡ
ֻл
Ҳһ֮ǰɧӣһĵҲ˵Ҫһȥ\ԨһߣҸұ֤\ԨԻõ֮ϲġ
֮ϲѵŮлЦ
ȻһЦ\ԨһܹһۿŮǷŮ¶ԷֶΣҲ޷ǵģ̶ʵԾǴŮ԰ɡ
ҵ͹ˡлЦȴЩ𾪣Ҫ֪ĿٱǴɾģȻܱ
Ӧҵ͹ˣ̶˶ȻҵסǾֻһֿܣ̶˵ľɡ˵
治лȻô˵תһЦѵͲΪǷ⣿

ԣɵýЦᣬǲŮǷŮܹܿⷽͬģǳʢʢˣԵⷽǿҲǿȻܹס־֮ǿԳѰΪͳһ򣬳ΪĿԣԶΪĸߣʶϣܹѡ\Ԩ
ǰһȥ\Ԩһеġлûϱ̬
뵺ֻҪȥˣͻѡǵġ΢΢ǰһ촽³һĨΪõĵĶ˵ŻȻ֣һץסлɲ֮ЦƮˣôŶ׳Ŷ
ӰʧãлͷͷĵطɵñһֿڣҲ٣
ȻϷˡ
Ǳռˡ
лһٶĻȣǰ̷ָſ»Ůװʱ߷飬ɵṳֱ̂߳ڵڣ㽫̸Ƶ˵
ֻϧŸ߳񣬾ͿԶפص棬֣Լһʮ
лǣˡ
ʵǴĳ棬֣֪˫ѾûпܺģҪѰٶȺ
лӦ֣˵֡
ûз񣬾Ӽ
֣ǰл֣죬ҲǸ˵ˣѾϾ֮ǰЭ飬㻹ʲô
ϴε飬ȷǲԣ뵺¡֣ϣǰġ
лɻĿ


918  
һֶٻЩл֮ġ
Ͼ֣̬ȣǾ͵ڹȻĶ⣬֣ضۣƺİɡ
оǻ֮ѵô˽⣿
Ļ˼ѿĸҹ棬簮˼㣬οܾʹ˷ŹأȻҲʵ
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֪֮ǰν⣬һʱĴ󣬲ԺҲǴġ֣켱æ˵Ҳõʧġ
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Ժ˵ɡлڰ֣ое㲻ԾҲﲻԾ뽫ǴߣÿܳʲôԤϵ顣

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ãҵĻҲģֻҺ֣ȻҪ֣ΪʲôֱӶأʥҵʥ֮ԴڻԶûдﵽĵزġл
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ǿһɭ䵶һĨĹâлĲһѪߣһĥ˵İ취
ƺ˵ӡлЦеĵϧûã


919  ȡ֡һ
ᣡ
֣͸оŭһӳ嵽˶̲סһȭлƬ֮ǰл裬ǸʱлЦݣԿЦݣһҪץĳ嶯
ŭǣġ
ȻдӵЦݶԴܲŭ
ǿնһֻ䣬̼ѪһѪĴ֣ŭ
ǿ΢һͷһ䵶ȥĿл䣬ֻҪǶصľ档

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⣬ˣǿʧɫ
ʵǿᣬ˵λĸ֣֣첻УλͻƱԵλһ֮ء
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920  ȡ֡
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ôӦʵ
лĪһЦ


921  ȡ֡
Сʱһαȥˡ
л˽Сʱǧյ˵ȴ൱ܣǼ尾
µ֮ЩȻࡣ
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ϣǽ̸ҡлɨһˣͺñǸνĸٺ٣Ҳ쵺˰ɣϢӽɳĮһˣţ룬ʥصĸԶе񡣡
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лЦһȻῴӲῴЩӵУв־ʥءаʥغɽˣǵģлûʥ֮˵ϢȴɫҲˣŻĿľҪЩˣҪʥصˡ
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924  ʮŭԳһ
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925  ʮŭԳ
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ԸϣлضϹչٶȣȫٸϻʥפء
սаʥ׿ʼûг֣ȻȥʥפȥˣĿ̣ʥƵ쵺ĹϵҲпֵܳģ£̾Σˡ
ϾʥڣõĳֵҲ̺˵³̲ܱ¶ԼݣܵһЩƵġ
뵽ЩлЩļ٣ɱأٶҲ˼ޣͬһӿշС
ԭҪʮӵ·ֻ̣˲ʮӣϵʥפء


926  ŭŭŭһ
лԶԶؿפصʱ򣬸ԶҲֻǵѣŽڸ߿ոţûж֣ɴ˿ɼлٶȷӵʲôز
۹ս
ս
׿Ϊչһս׿ôս̣ɱѽѷ֣оǷƵ쵺ĸҲУ¬ִս˵³ѾռϷ硣
˵Ĵսлŵ滺
ǳսȻǱսһһŮŮֱаʥغʥأ侳ҲǸոλ磬ǡǡҲǿλ磬ӦɸϵŽΧģȻܴ֮ս׿λֵĻֻаܱĿܡ
Զϰ׿ôս̵ʱ򣬴ʵڹĴ̼ʥĸ֣ǵʿ
ԶЦѾ˰ɣʮŭԳʮĸҲֵģολˡ
ɣ̳
иɵġԶЦ̶ǾҺ׿һһ°ɡ
ٽ
ոոϵлɱһӺ׺ݵɱԶ˶ͬһ޵
ҫѹס
Сģ
ֱ󣡡
·𿴵ʥ֮ԴֵĸԶôһ˿㱣ѣӦɱʱлѾ׵ľ롣
׺ݵɱ͸˲
˲䣬Զתὣֵ

̶ľУŽ䡣
һɫĹⲨӵײɢȥһ±㽫ΧͳͳĵˣǸԶһѪκƶߵķݣȥײʮˣŵڵأȻȥʮףýסΡ
л㴭Ϣᣬٶȳ
ŭˣ
ʲôʥزʥصģֻɱԽͷ֮ޡ
΢΢ζһ£һλһɫĹߣЯſ磬һ·쭣ܵĸͳͳĵɳȥһյͨ
ܣ
ԶеҪıˣʹ֮£нٵ趯ѹ׵ֶ˳
ܣʥǿķ֮һ˶ǰһʱΪһʱı־֮һʥصǿһʥصĸֵʱ̲ŻʩչֶΡ
ţһ
ԶҪԼסԼ
裬һжɵľ޴ĶƳڸԶǰҲһҵĸ߶ȣͨ巺滹һЩţͬʵĴһ㣬һֺظС
ն
лҲʥ϶ʩչ˳
⶷һٶ̫죬޷ݣ֪ˣΪնʥ
ϰⲻܣ
ôܹӳʮŭԳ׷ɱ

ŵͻһ쳹
лӶ񵶣һ谭ſٵ֮صĺ档
ʱһ̷·ֹˡ
˶Լֹͬͣսȥ
ơ
޾â貶渡ʮΣ·ǳޱȣ˴˹ճһ˿
䣡
Уͬʱˡ
Ҳֻһѡ
޷ܵģǽӽʮ۷弶ĸ֣Ҳƽƣܣͬܣ޿ƽ⡣ԶЦ

񵶷һĵ
лվߵұͬƵ񻰡
ˢ
Ǹ£лٶȽų貵Ľ⣬ԾԡնΪĳصնȥնһŤ·ռ䱻ӲŤˣʹӰģˣ˵ĵ˵棬ѵ춯
Զܿ
ٴν֮ĿĽâҫΪһɫĹʣͬħڼս
ٶȷֿԶɫˡ
еǶѵļ󣬸ҪǣƾȻ޷ȫֵסлĹ˫飬ƺҪһ㣬ʩչʥصֵƮ޷׽Ρ

л߿תԪĹΪĹһ޴磬أģ趯񵶣һεĸȥ
ǸԶأƮ׽͸лɱʱ͸е޷
ƵٿȻ
лɢŸħһص¡
ȫı
ԶҲ˻һǰͳܣʮ˸˸ŹεĹٿȻޱͬǣ貶Ŀճ˸ɫĹԡ
ϣ
һʱ鿪ͬƬ䣬Ѥޱȣȴɱ
ء
ʮ˸ɫĹһıѡ
ɲǼ䣬ʮ˸ɫͳͳѣǱ˴˹յɫҲ֮ѣӦܾôˡ
Զٶȵɳȥ
ܡ
ͬƵܣл񻰣һĻ׿õʥصĿͷ𣬾ĿãԾɲš
ʥصܵ
νܣǾһֻܸҪд˶ڣܹв⼸ɴ˶µĴ˵
챻лơ
˸ɾĻơ
ܣл̤߿̤ʮಽÿһζһһ𣬷·˲ƵأɱԶ

Զ˻ͷ·ٲһ˫Ŀŷͬ񽣰˺âн˸İâ
ն
лԴ˶⣬ûб仯ͷ
ֻһУһж
˵ĽڿװǿƵĺ
Ѥõ籩ǵɢȥϯҰ˷ԶٶȱˣнǳֱļлƲˣɱ֮ѾȶԾԶն
꣡
ԶķɳȥٶףǽԶĽնϣߵҲˡ
ʥصĸ֣Ҫǻ̫ѣҪնɱǣȴǷǳѵģǵ̫ǿҲĶԼؼ˷ʤʶնɱԶܹá
лɱ˻ˡ
ɭ񵶸߸߾лٶȳɱȥֱȡԶ
㲻ɱҡԶе
лɱľ㣡


927  ŭŭŭ
ԸԶˣл޺øУΪʥأᣬΪ˶Ҫһͷյ׿ʮŭԳлȻɱ졣
Ψɱˡ
Ψɱܽ⡣
лҲһƥճһĽ⻡ߣϿжƣ죬һǵĻ档
ֻ֮£ȴɱ⡣
ɱ
ܵлĸȾʥͬȡ
۶ɵɱ⣬ɵľӲǽǸߵʥءаʥءƵ쵺ĸָĽڽڰˡ
һ
ɱ
лҲ֮ȳʥֵġɱһ壬һĪ
һɱֳڣԲ׵ؼȻ죬ռŤ
֮з׷ױѪ
ǿ׿Ҳ׻Ҫɤˣɫɷ׵Ľڽڰˡ
ʱ׿øеǿ־塣
ΪΨлʥڵŴﵽǳĸ߶ȣܹγص˵أȴҲձ飬ֻҪһһȺ˵Ŀдﵽĸ߶ȣܹһĻ¹ɡ
ֻ׿֪УЩ¸صϱлᣬлȴֻжʮ꣬ζʲô
һθоǰλʥ֮ųɾͺѡַ֧ƵǸ
ҲԶĽգ̶ޱȡ
˵ǲǲ⻰Ҳֻл΢һԥҲ֪ʥظʥػܵĳԼʱ򣬱ʹʥֻĿģһǴݻǽһԻħˡ
ǶԸǽжϣȷֲܹǿԸԶǻħиĿܡ
һ˸Ѫӡؽ
ô֮󣬱ѹֵֽϹʱǸԻ͵ʱ
Դˣлг嶯Ҳв
ϣƳӡıڵ֣ǿ֮·ȴеһˣ»иΪֲΣϾѪӡĿģһ췭ظĴԻʱҲǴѪȵˡ
ˣ
ʱһ˻
һӰԳٶȣԶɽͷϻһߣ˹ȥҲһºڸԶǰ

նǳ
ǧף
л񵶱ҲһһײиԶԶײٶѪɳȥҽвֹҲ߲ÿһһ׵Ľӡ
лĿһ
赲лǵʥظУҲֻʵܹвлġ
ŹԶΡսֻ΢ĲһĨ֮ɫ
Ϊʲôлĵ
Ϊ
л˵ɽ죬֮⣬칬׻ϡ
ʥسȴ\Ԩȫˡ
л졢׻ˣ¶һĨ⣬ĻǼʱò˰ɡ

лһ£׻ϣ˵϶һ˿֮ɫлеһŭȼ
Щ˾Ȼ͵ˣҲ˵֪Զ׿õıȴûгôǵĿʲô
ɵӶ뵽Ҳȡʥ֮Դ
ԼϲһΣգʥ֮Դ֣ôЩ˶ȻģҲЩˣڲǰǻԼǲȡ£ֶΣȴԼ顣
лβŭ
һҪɱأл
쳰ԿǼȻأ
лӵĿƾҲ䣡˵䣬һɿ񱩵ƺȻͶЩ˼˵Ĳˬޱѹȡ
أ
챻ѹȵĲѪסΡ
ʵл׾٣ֻɱȽ鷳һˣʶлҲ׼һ˲֡
ƾŵһ֮ҳҲδǵĶ֣ǵҪһԶˣôǵȻʧܣʥؾ飬ҲζţʥرȻ򣬽ʥʥ׵Ĩȥ
ƽȴ͸ǿҵв
лǻŭȼ
ʥصʵǵġ칬׻Ҳڵлʥǣ䶯ǣ֣ǿģʥκһʥȣ֣ҲܹʥؿѣǰỹʥڵһЩĴڲԵ˵ûһԶɱʥҲˡ
лвʣݺݵĶŸԶ
˵ʥأﲻ𣬲Ҫ˵һʥأеҲǿԿɣܹŭʥء
ֻ̣
ãɱлҧźӲĵǣҲôǣ
һϾлҪɱ˵ĻܿסĽʧܣʥضŭʥǼҲʧߣ֣֮ͬлɱҲھ˫
ȻһҪۣһͬ⵺Ҫ󡣡˵
׻ҲЦҲͬ⣬ʮͬ
ˣлѣթƻ֮


928  һ
ԲԶҲǰһæó鵤ã޸ԼƣеҩȻһּƷӣԶɫ˿ҲԵת
лֻۿš
ﻹթϾŭˣƫƫ޷ɱˣֻⷽӶһһͷ֮ޡ
Ŀ˸׿þ͸еһͷۡ
аʥصĸѾۼԣλŮӣŮ뵱лնɱ£ģƣлɫеţҽأ
£лۿˣ
ʲôˣɱŮŭ
лûɱģһ룬ʬҪûħ޳ԵĻŻˮƮš
Ҹƴˣ
Ů˫Ŀͨ죬ὣҪ֡
лٿȻתϸһĨ⣬ʥص˲ǶͬԶһ㣬ȴˣлɲںɱǵҲ޻˵ġ
£ҪϵǼ㶯֣Ҫûɱ㡣׿õͺȵס˲һҪֵŮˡ
ƽµŮӵҽѵû
׿Ц̫߿ˣȻ˹ǿɲŭԳɱ㣬ҿǱŭԳ׷ɱŭԳߣԼлϹİɣҪ֪ŭԳʮġ
ˣˣҲϵϲĵŭԳɲͨħޣܹʩչģܹħޣʮм޵еĴڣƾһλĸܹŭԳĶ֣˵ѣ
ŮĽлЦѡ
Ǳлĵˣе治ÿû̵Щ˿ǻᴵţģܹŭԳҲһ
ŭԳȴɱлĵ

쵱ЦָлûУûУƾȻҲɱŭԳǺЦЦ
Ҳ¶һ˿Ц⣬Ȼš
Ҳѹ֣ϾŭԳͨʮˮսҪǳѣҪ˵ɱˡ
ɱʮܲ˼𣿾֪ʥлɱʮĸ֡лƽĵ
ǲͬ칬׻˵֪лܹ֮նɱʮȫھ籩ŽؼǴؼʮֿ⣬ǴʱѾӽʮϾܺɱȫ
лȻо籩ֿɱʮؼΪҾͲӵأ
׻Цҡͷġ
Ŷ˿϶лȻ
ܿ϶׻˵лܹ֮ʹþ籩ɱʮ˵ףʵǻҪľܹﵽʮĵزľֻǴﵽλʩչ籩ҲѻɱʮֵģлܴĽʵģҪôĶʩչλʮпܵģʥھָ߳ĶҪɱʮѣοŭԳʮеǿߡ
⻰лҲЩͬ
ڱѩض򣬾лҲ֪ԼսǺѻֵģϾλܹ籩ɱʮɳȥǾඣλʱɵһЩͨλ֣ЩĽġ
ҲͬΪȷɱʮŭԳƾǶǾ
ŭԳаģǱŭԳ֮ĸѪɵģ൱ڳʥΪأȫ£ҪɱŭԳͣ׿÷һЦ
лżˣռָ
עУضϹ˳

Ǳնϣ
ŭԳ˶˾ɴ۾Ǳնϵıŵı顣
׿øǲ㣬նϵıܣûǷ϶㽫ŭԳһЩֲħħ֮նɱġ
аʥص˻ˡлĵ
ЩΧɱµˣлܵаʥغʥصĸȻЩ
׿õйһŮӡ
˵ŭԳأ׿úʵ
аʥصŮսսĵɱˡ
ۿģ׿õ
ˮ´սģҿŭԳͬһΪ롣ŮЩ־Ŀлһۡ
ĻֳһӰ
ĵŵ׻ϺҲŴͣŵĿлһʱ䣬Ҳ֪˵Щʲôá
лֻɫȻĵ֮ԶҲҪΪ㱨𣬿Զˡ
ңңҡ½˽нǵϵĶϹûиٶȳȥ
лӵɨһۣת׿ú͸Զıңǿ˰ɡ
мܡ׿Ц
˵ûмܡлһ˿Цɱˣ޷ֿͬܡ
׿ÿһЦɱңðɱɣұֻ֤֣ҪǸ㲻ʥʥ׵𡣡
лɱҵȷ£ɱ㲻Уаʥصأߺߣڱ佫ȫɱһ
ң׿ŭȵ
ಣ
شлͻȻ
̫ͻȻֵĻ֮£˭Ҳû뵽л˵־ɱˣ
Сģ׿þеҲȥΪµֵлĳ

ֻΪ׿ãɱĻлԣǾ̫ˣõһű˹ȥ
һ׿õ
أ
ǿ׿Ҳлһߵض𣬴ӽµͷɹȥ׿ñҲֻǱе㲻ȴ±¶˳
лҲ֮¡
Ҹƴˣվλ֣ʱҲĻӽ׺ݵķͬһֻĸʨӡ
ƴǸʸ𡣡лӵĵ֮¡
꣡
նϡ
񵶵ҲûµԼף⻮²ҽһʬõ׿õǰ
㣬ɱ㾹Ȼɱаʥصˡ׿Ļ
ɱаʥصΣ⣬ҲɱлĮĵһ飬ԸԸóԸڽаʥس֮⣬ȫһ
׿ҧͲаʥصı𣿡
Ϊ˼СҪңÿ𣿺ߣҪǽնɱаʥҲδػĶŭɡл
׿ɫˢһ±òҰ
졢׻ϡԶҲɫѿʥصĵλȫΪ壬ܹʱħ޵ѣˣֻСѣ޷Ϊһ˶ʥضŭһӵżǱܻǽ˶ʥ֮ѵġ
׿Ȼй˰ɡ˵ҲǸ׿һ̨¡
׿ҧ޺޵ĵãҲ
лòҪóңҿۣҲɱаʥʮˡŤͷԶĵҲǣ


929  

׿ú͸ԶеޱȵıΪʥأǸһȵģԽУܵвȡ
ƫƫлôǿơ
ΪµĻǷִս֮ıʥصĸ֣Ҳλ֣Ҳʶлɱ⣬һŵĿŸԶóл۵Ķ
ص㲻⽫öɣԶҲолŨصɱ⣬е·лпܹҽɱ˵ġ
лٺЦǿɲһóĶĶ
㣡Զϼ鶯
꣡
лֽ񵶲ڵϣ˫۱ء
΢΢Ĳ˸Ž⣬ɭĺ⣬ͷųѪζ
⶯ѸԶߵʥصλָŵ鲻Խһţһл֣һɱĿ϶
ʦ֡˲
Զǿŭ𣬺׿öһۡ
ͬʱӿռָó˶
Ʒڷǰ

˶һóľȻһƷҶɢŷǳǿ
ǵ׻ϵ϶¶һḬ֮̃ɫ
öǡ
ǽеȫƿǶǼɴǺ󣬿öǸ󣬽̺лжϣؽҪǿĶĶ࣬ؽģ֪öǵļȻʥĵǡ
ʥǣ˾ȻһһöлĶˣʥǿɲͨĵܱȵģ˵̺ԶԶͨĵһʸıʥǵǱ
˰ɡԶ
лһץöǱУЦ԰ɣξĹˡ

׿ú͸ԶȥģôĴûǿʥǰ
ߡԶݺݵĵ
׿Ҳ˴Žµʬ壬ݺݵĵлһۣ뿪ˡ
ȻǶлʮ㣬¡
Ψе׻ϣӿЦǿЦ\ԨȻûвһЩ뷨һǿʹ֮ϵĻһǣǺ֣ΪʲôлܹŭԳɱأ
֪Ѿʶлʵˡ
εл
ʥפҲ
л˴ɨս衢ʱ뿪ˣԶ
ζлˣǱļʱҪΣˡأһµģ
лҲô˼ʱ
ЦҲֻǴɣͻƣȹ֮̾󣬾ͳ߿
ӣʵʵ˵˰ɣǲǵĽ˸Ƶ˰Ȼܸߣܸɴĵ˱롣
˵µıʱͺ
ǵġεĵ
̵İɣ㲻ͬ⣬˿Ҷֶŵĵûеģ̫ˣ˵Żлգգ۾Ƥģлһ͡
ʲôвҶֶţǱ˴ţѾƵˣлֹ˵ҪҪھͶ㶯ֶŰ
ðҪǲ±ɡ̹ͦأű棬ջ
л̽־ץȥ

û뵽лĸҶ֣һæˣȻٱѾǴɾ磬ɱϾǴ֮ǵű棬ܲ
ֺݺݵлһѣں֣ǵƿǲ
ἰ£Ҳü𣬵γ\Ԩ֪ǵ֮Ӧ˶ˣȻʥ֮Դźܴ뷨ЩҰģѱǲٶ֡
лҲɫ
ڣ¶ҰģϾʥ֮Դջ̫ˣ̻ûӵвٿʥ֮ԴйͨԦ֮ǰ˵κ˶ʥ֮Դŷǳ뷨ġ
֪ǵݣҲ֪¡
̱㽫ϸ˵һ顣
֪ԣǵΣ͸ˣʲô취ûС
Ҵˮʱһ£Щ뷨ǷСл˵һãΨʾǾԵǿᣬܹмɵ֮ģʹʥҡ
ȷҪС
лЦ֮ǰնɱ£Ҳһ㾯ˣȻޣõİ취ǽμӴ˴жķƵ쵺¬նɱ˵Դȥֵܣø󡣡
Ů˴˶һۣ¶һĨɱ
ĸֲ֣Ҳ˱
ǵȷɱǣþ·Ƶ쵺ıʥغаʥصġ
леڶ㣬ǾѰһ㹻
ı㹻ˡ̵
뷨˿ɲһˣǰһ˻Ҫһǿʮлնɱ¬ҺȥѰ壬öʥǣȫԵһʮľ˱á
ӵʥ֮ԴЩӵо޷þǣʮ򣬼ϰʵȷԱ֤ʹʥİȫͷңܶҼĻܹˡ
̸˵͸еٻһ
лͱ費ɵͬʱϲĿٻ¡
ؽɱˣ
ؽ龧һȫµɱ䣬ɱ˶źܶڴġ
ϲһٻ¡
𣡡
죬ѹ
һǵǰ
ʮףͨ嶼ǽɫʵĽɫƬǣӰ͸ǿĸоչ硣

л˿ؽɱ֮ӣɵþϲĽе
𣡡
׷һĺС
̺֮ܿͻӵһʥˡЦ
Ҳ˷֮ɫ
Ҳвͬģ࣬ÿһ඼ᵮһսͬнױսλǰģױĽ棬ǾǽҲ׳Ƶ
νǾǴ˵׼ʥ
һԵ̽Ϊʥ֮塣
ѰʮǿߣͳˣҪСʱиʵ鷢лЦ
нǿ԰ȥѰһЩˣܶһЩ齨һ֧Ҳʥؿһˡ
һۣ¶֮ɫ


930  Ѱ֮áһ
ʥǿƥ˵ʥǵҲǿһʥؿѣҲǿ⣬ϾʥǿҲǼţֻ׼սʣʥٻ׼ս۷徳ǿߣԾɴơ
岻ͬ
ٶ𣬴㿪ʼԾǹϵǿĴ֮һ԰ʥҲĳ֣Ȼ޿ɶƵǿ𣬼ȫţܹʥء
˵ȫ渴գǾһ
Ϊʥ֮Դʥһߣȫ˵ѾʥǸץסˡ
ôѰ֮ҲͿճˣ
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939  ֮ءһ
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940  ֮ء
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941  ֮ء
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εøģˣЦ޴ļһܹ˵˼άͶܹ˺ңȴɱңʹǸε𡣡
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˽ʹӷȥδ˺ѵӰںϣٶȹһȫµ顣
ɱҡЦҼסˣһȥһɳͬϮɱġ
ЦţٶȻɢ
·һɢǾǿˣֲǵı
лɫ΢䣬ĶͨȫУϣͨжϣͬʱʩչռ䶷ؿռ˵أ趯ɵĽɫףĿֻһǾǽ¡
һߣ롣
ʩչʥĶһ͸¶ȥôϰĻȻع⣬ڻԶعʱ
оȺصķӿ˷ʥǵĹҲϣģϾȺӵĺ׼սʼĴڣһƣҲԵֿġ
ء
͸Ŀռֱײļ
лȻһ˳ȥĽͺƻĻǷ裬ǱײĿռ
һʱ콵
ǵطʱĲҽУٶȳ֡
ɱȴܹʹ֮С
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Ķл޲óֻҪܹ뿪һҪ
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ֻŮƮȻǶ׶ߣͨ巺ˮɫĹΡ
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صʬ壬ʥ˿ŭ˻𣬾һº͵Ķŭˡ
л΢΢һЦȥؿռ
״Ƶߡ
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ѸٵĿ£ǵʱһŴ۵ˮɫâȻһ
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˫赶ɵҹʥͷһŭĺУһεѸٵɢȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ϳķת壬ҪѳȥȴһǿʢŽ
ȡļ䣬Ĩɱ̺ȵ
ʥͷһľ˻𣬽˫Ŀһֱͷλá
ȡ䣡
һЩʥҲеһֱ¡

鷢˻Ҫֿޣ޷ܰʥҪ֪ҹ̷Դ֮ǵʵѾʮľ磬ں϶ʥǾʮ۷弶ĴڣһССܹܡ
ܿ˻ԽԽСӰҲԽԽģ
Ƭ̣㳹׵ɢˡ
𣡡
ʥһ˻֮â䣬ǻָ˸Եıģ
ʲô䣿лʵ
ԼȺӵŷǳȤȻȺӵʵжǿ
ҹֻȺ߱ģƳ飬鲻ʱ򣬶˯еģʶԼǰ鶼ģֻмرĻҪľʮʱűѵġ
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һǰԼЩͬǣؿڵλãһɫͼͼܸӣľͼ֮Уһѽļзǳ̣ƺһȺŷǷáҹ˵
ӵĽɫͼһѽ
лԼ£֪⽫һܹͨһЩϣⷽĶ
أл
̫ģм˵ӰǿӦǷƳˡҹ˵Щ˳ֵĻУһͬ㣬ǾڲϵϹʥʡ
Ϲʥʣл̶һۣЩԾĵȷ
ҹ˵ͷ
˸е̬ˣϹʥΣϹʥʾڽӽʱ䣬ңԶʱ䣬Ϲʥʣǲ˵ЩϹʥʱЩϹʥʵ˵ĺأ
вǰлĿٿʩչϹŶ
ǱȺӺܿϹʱЩϹʥʵ˵ĺᡣ
Ϲʥʵ˵ĺ᣿üЩš
ҹԲǡ
ţΪʲôȻ
ĸµĴм䣬ݺȷʹʥһǧ֮ʹʥҲʥȷĸףϹʥʵĵҪôϻ͵ħ磬ҪôͱնɱˣӦһȫµ塣ҹ
壡л˵еϹʥʵĵˣֹʥѾٵˣĸˣⷽ濴ȷ̫Ϲʥʵĵ˺ᣬϾ̫ңԶˣϹʥһû٣ô
̵ǵĻʲô
ҹŤͷ߼֮ɽ
л̲ԼͬĿ㿴֮ɽʲô˼
ݶȡļʾǴӵ˼飬ĿĲսġҹ˵һл̶һĴ𰸡
Ǹʲôõģл
ҹΪ֮ɽǾģݣûʸֻ֪þ֮ɽ
лʥصĸͷų޹ǽʱʥصػħݵĳֹ֮ɽλ˵ĳֹõַʩչķǳƣѵȺ֮ɽ˵ˣ
Ӧòˡ̵
л֮ɽĵɽ˭أܹɱʹףʲôݣֻ֮󣬲ܽ⿪ɡ
ʰɻ󣬱뿪˴˵ء
ڻһʹʥرգҲ˷ʱˣܹõʥѾˡ
һ𷵻ʥפء
һ͵õһ𺳵Ϣ


942  
ʥפص˶Ѿ뿪ֻ֮ǰлȥˮԶĸ֡
Ǹ֪лԭί
Ȼɽˣ˹ء¿³ԼһЩħޱߣʹʥ
߾Ȼˡ
Ⱥӣ˺ܾܿ׼սʼĸ֣֮£˹ȻǶ֡л
̵ΪʲôҪأ
лҡҡͷǵĵʱ˹ʥصĸֹǻħ˵ĸⲻ԰ˣȫǰֽʥصĸֲǡЦҡҡͷһ飬Խ࣬ԽǸӡ
ǾͲˣ˳ȻЦ
ȥˡл˦˦ͷɽȻճˣôһʥأ϶ȥˣҲϹȥɡ
ʹʥʥء
ȱʥռݣڿ˵ʥǵһֱޣΪȻͻͽģҪ˵ֵľ룬е㲻̫ʵܹʵǿ࣬ġ
ʣµɽΪ˹Եʣ˸ڹʡ
˹ܣȺطӶɽ֮ģȻҪ뷨ˣҪȡʥ
лһ·쭡
Ա˵Ѿ̽һˣȻٶһЩȴҲпͻˡ
ɽȵλǡ෴
һڶһ
ٷУСʱ֮ǵɽ⡣
ɽףվɽ£϶磬ֱ̫Ӵˣ죬·ɽ֧첻Ҫ֧
л̶Ѿתݡ
һʥ֮ϰһ̶ˡ
ٴԼ׵ĸ߶ȣɽ˷ֲ棬·λãһɽɽֱ
нʮ˻
Ƿֳռһλãγɶŵľ档
䶯Ϊ׵ǣ֣Ϊ׵֣бΪ׵ĺʥĸ֡
ֻǺ֣ʮˣƺƵģư磬ΨкʥĸֲŹѣͲ˺ܶࡣ
ʥΣ㻹֪𣬾ǵϰˣҲԪصĵطֻطѡһΪ֮ˡ䶯쵭ĵ
ߵƾ˶𣿡
˶̽ǳĨȥ֣Ѿ뺣򳹵׷ǲ㱻лϰɱպޣſڱв
ðԿʥκ˵в˿ûʾͷ
Ҳ׼ˡ
Ǻ֣໥ǣƣʵࡣ
һκһͻĻôһģ֣еףδظҶ֡
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䶯ʼ磬ֲ֣ض˵ˣصгͻǵ飬òҪǳС
֣˸ӣɫѿ
ɽ֮أɶʮˣﲻĻһפԪʢĵطΣ䶯ЦǺǵķԼ顣
ʮһˣ̫࣬ǶԷûаģҲҪģӰԼľ޷ǱҵĻԲͬġ֣ߵı浭˵
ûлĻȴֱָⱾġ
ʣ˴˲ʲôϺǰ£϶ҪģȻͻӰˡ
ȻˣԪʢĵطҺʥӵаɡΪϰл̴Զٶ
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лʥءаʥصľٶвʥصóһˡ
лϰ൱Ӱ
֣ڣȫ
ϰҪΪԼʵǿܹһս£һˣʲôʸʮΪÿط֣ĵ
лĵϴߣûᵽҵ֣죬Ųţھɱ㣡
ˢˢˢʮӰѸٵǰ֣쵲ȫӿ涷Ȼһĸ֡
Ҳţ֣쿴ңʹʥģ֮ǰڶĸҲѾˣҲǴǡ
л΢΢һЦ𣿡
¡
̺ͱͬʱǰңüļ˸ʥ֮ԴͼȻûͼʾģֹ¶ݡ
𣡡
һա
ΪʮĽܳƾ졣
𣡡
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ҹ߿һ𣬱۵ĹâΪһʮ۷徳ʥ߿
ǵϣѹƵǧ֮ңڳˡ
ɱ㣬ܵлȻ
֣ɫˡ
ʮľɰлɱģҪǣ̵Ĵڣͷųʥ֮Դһ嶼ŷǳǿ
лɨһ֣죬ֿ䶯죬ڵ˵³£ɽ

ͬʱӦһ
Ԫصһɽ߷ȥ
ϰãܹ赲ǰʥҲʮ۷弶ѣûɳ֣ߵ
䶯ʥӵôһλķˣϧûɳ
ϳɳлһӸԶ׿õʥ߿ա
ǰʥȥһ¡
֮ͿʥƱǣҲ˲ﵽжʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ׷һ˻ضҡ
ף
ս
ͷųѹԶܹģֻһطƱɫƵɽⷽضݻ٣ֲֿˡ
䶯졢֣ɫࡣ
ʮȻһսʥȴģол˲ҪӲֱָˣҲһ֣ʮУȡͷ­⻹пܵģ뵽˶ˡ
л衢ҲȽȽ𣬸·ʮ֣˭һս㡣


943  һ
ɽм仮ΪɽҲ֪ΪģȻģмɽۣ֮ԪգȲ£ɽҪѷɫһЩͬǳʹʥԪ
ʥؿƺխʵɽ۲Ż֣ᷢĿ㣬ɼʮˣﻹսĺۼ
׵֮˵³ȥʥһЩҲڣﵽ˽ʮˣǺ֣Ҫֻ࣬ľӢҪѷɫһЩˡ
һ֮ʹʥҪرա
Ҳһ³ټİڡ
˶ڽȫޡ
лȻҲ⡣
䷵һȣҲ֪æѰҰʥ䷢飬ߵƣѾһѣʣµҲȫֱ֣֣ıĶ¿˵õˡ
бǣ塢ŮȻǰ뿪ʹʥǵľٶҲһκ䶯˵ǵ뿪ҪĿˣĿԸ˴Ϊۡ
һ
ʥصҲƾʧˡ
ȺصķҲûٳ֡
֮ɽȻɵ½ϵɱ֮һЩ˶ڵȴµһ졣
лҲȴרĿޡ
Ҫȡͻƣʮľ磬ԼƶĿ꣬һʼһľ磬ͬϵ˶УɽŨԪҲۡ
ʱȻš
ʱлȫڿжɹģκ鶼ԺĿľֻһʮ磬񳿣лҪʼʮǿĳ̡
峿ϰϰԴ⣬лȴǻȵġ
ء
лʼһ̣ຣĸֶǾΪ֮һǴӸԵѹʵлԪ̫ˣǰԵĶϵת춯벻עⶼѡ
леȫһɻȣŨĶϵؾۼŨԪ뵽ڣʶĴת
лλãﷺ˵ĹΣƺĶۼţһ͡
ʮ
лһƤӿһ˿˿Ĺ磬׵羫ɢģҲʹΧһƬա
žžžž
ʮֱ۴ϸ׵붷ں֮лΧתתٶȲϵؼӿ죬ԪȥҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽˡ
лĵ·һתĻ̬ƵٶȣǳԪתɶлĶ
ҲĿתٶԽԽ죡
ﵽٽʱлľҲУҪ߶ٽ㣬Ӷʮ硣
壡
лڿ
Ҫλ
䣡
ںлĶڳٽ֮ʣȻɢˣһӱˡ
ۣ
лһѪ
ʧܣ
ͷɵķһ˿⣬Ȼʧˣе־ǣһ˲䣬Գɹģȴ֪ðһ˿ȻĶɢˣӶһ
櫣
һڸ
лӿǿҵɱ⣬˵Ϊ䶯졢֣˵ͬٶȳ˶ֶΣڼٶȣҲΨ櫲ƻ
ŭĵ
״Ҫ櫾͵ɱĳ嶯Ҳ֪ƾڵʵ櫵Ķ֣֣ȴռ˽߳ɣ׼ս۷弶ֵ߳ʵǻɱͨ׼սʼֺġ
ѵҪ̣
ŭʵʱɫȴŭаӥͼʱӡ櫵Ӱٶȸֳֻʱӵķͷɢ˫ɱ⡣
˭˭ɵģҹҷѾϧɫ񵤵лϰٶȼ㾹Ȼл£µϰͳͳƳڿʮ֮١櫽˻˭ҹ

леɵۡ
ԼʮʧܣڰԼ֮ҲڰԼƽ֮ǰԼжֽţܰԼڿʮ֮ٶٶȵġ
ֱЩ˼顣
ɿ櫷ӣȻʵģ
ѹأǾ䶯֣˵ٶ̫лƲе࣬磬׼ս۷弶Ҳûа취һǿʵϾЩΪ۵櫵ĸ൱ֻлٶȡ
ɾȻ˰л⡣
˭
лҲе˼飬Уûʲô˿ɽϣûʵܹжֽŵģڣҲֻһ꣬ɫڵ櫡
ȻⲻΪ
˭أ
ŭķˣʼ߶а֮ǰµĽơ
ײǽƺܿ㱻ˡ
£Ҳֻаոտ׼սʼѣƶ櫸ûʲôãֻʱҲشΪġ
˷ŭ֮£ƽ˽ơ
ǷӰٶȳɫ񵤵ı棬ɢɫɫɫ
ҹŭ˫ץǿӿһ˲лȫ
ǿһ׼սʶҪȻʧɫġ
һӴлϱŷ̼䣬ɽɽۣǴԼмǧ֮ԴɽͷҲԪҲܵǿҵĲճһ޴ĺڶԪ
ЩԪͳͳ۵лΧΪתתԪٶȸǳɱӡ
ģתԪһʵľ޴Уͨ쳹أƾǧ֮ⶼܿĵ
лģȴǺ޸о
ǸеԼʱʧȥ˿Ȩ
櫸µϰһ侲ĺûԵŮ˷ˣĸƺãŬһβŭ
ֻҳǸһŬٵ֣һжˡ
лҲֻܿš
ֹҲֹ
櫵ͷԽԽأһ˿Ϣǳ΢Ĵлؿλô
ǰлڱ˳


944  
Ϣǳ΢ûС
Ϣȴһɫ˿棬Ȼǡҹ⣡

ŭ櫿ɲʲô˫һץǼҹҵĲ·ʱҪ
һģӰҲ˳
Ӱʱл۾ҪۿڵˣֱԼ۾
˭Ȼؾߣȴûз㣡櫷ŭ֮࣬Ҳúܲ˼顣
ģӰǺһЦһǧǰǳΪ񣡡

ĿҶѩͽʵѩɽͨѩɽжӶȻԼΪۣӺīӶ˴ǧŶݵҶѩɽͼ
лõѩɽͼҲƾǸͼѩɽɽ׵ģΪѩɽͼӶԽʱ䳤ӣ뵱Ҷһ뻭鹵ͨΪһ̣Ӻīǧһ˲ѤãƵļŵع飬ǻǧѾʡ
֡
˭뵽һƲлȻΪ軭ҶѩɽͼԽѩɽ뼫ҹݡ
˭뵽ĬĬţȴнлһΣˡ
񣿻񣿡Ƿ峺ҲѩɽͼĽ
ֻǲл꣬ǳ΢һ;ƿݣʱӣ櫼סҲ޺
ΪʲôҪôɭĶŻ񣬡ˣ㻹Դڼҹڣҹ⣬һ˿ϣȴҶϾһϹʥʴֶҲ޷㸴ˣ
һֻҪİļɣαؼƽ̫ࡣ񵭵һЦԻ֮ҿһʦҶѩɽͼʱҵľһϣ·Ҿңѡһ̣֪ǸѩɽͼҵΪ۵ģҲûκεΪ֪ǽһѤõʱ̣Ѿ㹻ˡ
ŭƨۣҲʲôֻ㣬ƾһƲл꣬мҹ⣬Ҫѣûмǧ궼ѣѵģ֪Ҷл˽ƣܰƻ

ģ¶һ˿Цݣ̫ļԶ֪һ̻ᷢʲôǧǰҵҶһжѾˣ˭뵽ǻмһ̡
⻰лԺȻһ档
פأʥ
ʱилʦԾ޷ʥΪһ꣬ؼʱ̣Ҷ֣һУҶҲ׵ʧؼ䣬ֻһл޷ǵЦ
ҲҶǧ֮һֵΨһһĻ
ʱҶȻ㻽ˣŵĵ
Ƶĵҵʱ̣ųʵģȻҲһЩǣֵһ̣ұˣ˯ˣҽǰµĲĥս⣬ƾҰж֣лٶȼʵÿܹһʱҶᰵгȡһͻӻһʱˣҶԴ˲̫ϣģϾһΪﵽλ磬ױ֣ƫƫȴҪаӡĸ֪䵽˱㡣
Ǿһ鶯
Щˡ
ŭѾ޷˿̵顣
ȥǧˣǸ뿪ʱˡƽĿˡ
ⷴŭ櫡

櫿ŭĻֳ
ء
ҹʱһƬ㣬Ļ񱾾΢Ҳ֮ɢлĶȴ˻
ǧ굯ָϸŽӢۣ꽭ʲαأֻΪɲǷ
Ҷڻʥʱʩչƽһ϶ɲǷʱ˵һλ
䣬Ȼظ仰
ǧ굯ָϸŽӢۣ꽭ʲαأֻΪɲǷ
ֻΪɲǷ
ֻΪɲǷ
лԺвϵ֣Ҳ޵·Խʱ谭ǧǰѩɽ
һʦҶͽʵѩɽ
һվңԶīӺǧ
ҶɽۣһʣǸѩɽͼǰ΢Цȥ
Ѥá
ɲǷ
Ǹ֮Ҷ䣬л޵ʼմº״̬ľȻ
ǺסľԵģֻһֱסɱǿܵɲǷĸлĶ̼תΪľԵģɢŨϢ
櫵һС
꣬һԵħģľԺ͹ǷǳеģѡֶΣڻû֮ǰȻܵǳѹȣȻҪлʵΡ
ֻһֻſʮлǲв櫵ģлһַǳ΢״̬УͺͨǧǰҶͻǻһ£Ѥõһ̣һʹлľԴﵽһݵĸ߶ȡ
˷֮£һŨϢӿɫڡ
ĲҽУ櫵Ӱٶʧˡ
һɫɫ񵤰һӡٶȽ櫷ӡ
ͬʱҲ˷츲صı仯
ΪѰһ񣬶ͨ쳹Ԫɵ磬Ȼ䣬ɽۣմȾһ˿Ϣ
ǺԭһЩݲݣľɽۣ̼ϢЩݷĳţ̼ԭ׵ĸ߶ȴﵽ׵ĳȣһٱһЩľֱ
ɽ۶ĺ
䡭
һĺߴ
ֻԭڼԶе֮ɽƺܵ˸ӦȻ߷ٶҴ޾
ǸոľϢʱˡ
ϢƳӣͳͳ֮ɽڣǱԼ׸ߵ֮ɽȻһӽһҵľ룬ڵɽҪ౶һڿٵ½
Ϣǻħ˼ӿ츴ա
ͬģ̡Ҳ֮ɽ龰
ħɽĲţɽ֮ϣһ׸ߵεܣֻݺģٶܵһͬв֪ʯ̶ɵľ޽ڵϡ


945  뵺
֮ɽһʱ㾪ʹʥϵˣΪ½ʹʥƺһǿ̺еѹڶһЩʵﲻʥĸ֣֮ɽԼ׵ʱ򣬾ͱѹȵĲò뿪ʹʥ
֮ɽ½һ׵ʱ¾޷ֻ뿪
Σʹ˲òѡǰ뿪
ܵȾл֮ɽ½Լǧ׵ʱҲǺƵѹˡ
۾ͷɽ۾Ȼֻʣ±ˡ
ô£л
ϸһ°ɡ
лһ룬һвŴԺиֳǶ뿪ˣ
ͷðʥͽ뿪ˡЩʧĵ֮ɽ£ʮʱ䣬Ҳֻ뿪ˡ

ԴˣлҲֻܷһ̾Ϣ
֮п࣬ǻȻ櫴ΣΪ˸еһЩ˸С
֮ɽ½ٶѾˣȴҲƽˡ
ÿ½һǧףǶѹͻһ֡
лҲֻ뿪
лֲֿܹѹѾԵҲһʱ뿪ʹʥ
߳ʹʥһ̣Ҳ͸оԪļ
ʹʥԪŨ磬ȴ˸о̫ˡ
ʹʥڣ֮ɽϾʹʥ̫Ӵˣ룬ʥصĸ֮ɽҪʲôս֮ģҲۿˡ
̽һЩɡ΢΢ζɵԶһ档
˶֪ڸദĻᡣ
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ľȫͶУ̼ĶתٶҲٴδﵽ˼ޣлһ

תȻٶȼ١
һ˲䣬ΧڵԪӿУʹڵԪӵŨ
ӿ˶ԪתɾͶõ൱
䣡
лһһĪĸӦ·궼ҪƮȻȥˣӿȵԪҲ롣
ֱǲʱѹĶﵽȶ״̬ͣ
лٿȻ۾
ʮ
һֽţȫžžžıڵĶӰȫ·ò
лջȭ
أ
浱һȭһӣѷӳҵķΧڣʹΧһ¡졣
֮ǰ˵ɾʮֻһ֮΢ļԺԲƣɾһߵĲ֮࣬
ʮлп
˵֮ǰĶͯȭͷݣôʮʮĳ˵ȭͷȫ
λʮֻһ࣬ʵȴһлףΪʲô칬׻ϻ˵Ϲʱ类ΪŸ磬λϸֵĻǾ磬ҲΪʲôҰ츳ܸߣλôá
ʮ
ͬƼɷĵһżʮǵڶżˣҸѡ
λʮĲ֮ʩչܹɱʮеǿŭԳݵҲǱ̬лĵ
ʮ᲻ֲࡣ
ɾʮлŸпԼյİȭĿֲ֮ǳֲ϶
Ԩţٺ٣ڴǵεļ棡лսȭͷλʮ۷徳ԨţڶԷٶ̫죬ʩչݵĻᶼûУͱѪڲͬˡ
ʮлԨ¡
ο޳ʮ˽ʮʱ䣬лҲеЩˣʩչӵ뿪
һҾ¥Զ
пˣ֪𣿡
ô֪ʮŽһÿֻΣÿζȫ½ǰģô֪ܲ
ǰ治֪ʲô˿ģȻʮŽһôˡ
㶮ʲô߾Ʒ·ߡ
òУлеһЩۡ
УлȻҲ˵ҲһЩԣ˵ÿʮһÿνƷ˳ǧ֮ãδıճĸִսûмϹʮر䣬ҲǴδˣʥصǰȥƻ
лЩ뿪ˡ
ѯ·ֱС
ȻʮŽһεֻƷлҲЩȤ
λճԷһֵϣΧЩĵȣԵе㺮ᣬȥǺͨһ¥ռҲſɫıδӥĿ⣬ϵɨˣ˴˽С
Щ޷֮˲ĺȳ⣬δϱһϢʹ¶轵·յһת͸ųǺıڣŵЩ˸Ͻ죬ڶԡ
λ
лʵҲǰԾȣȻλĸţеʵҲлеȡ
Χ˼ռֵлһ·Ȼûпһ˽룬ƺμҲҪʸġ
˹ȥǷҪʲô뺯֮ģߵſڣδ󺺵ɫһһ𹧾ĵл٣룡
ʶңл
лԨ⣬˭˲֪Ĵ˵
лʼ磬Ҳû˵ʲô粽롣
һ룬˾ʡ
ƾʲôȥ
ǣΪʲôܽȥҪҪˣ벻׬Ǯˡ
ţһȺ˱ǰӿȥ
ŵĴ󺺳˭Ҫе񱩾ĳɾͣҲԽȥ
񱩾л
лղǵ񱩾л
һˡ
ŵлεҡҡͷ
¥㣬¥һЩ䣬Žգ¥ݿҲػҷһӣнֹ¥
һ¥ڷһʱ̨
˿һЩźɫµƯŮӣǶųϬÿһλʵ
̨ǰֻжʮλ
ɢɢѾ

л硣
öĺлȥ


950  ķ籩һ
мˣһ˳ǣٹ˹֪
õĸҥ˵ǰˡ
˾һϮʤѩ£ʳ˼̻ľӰ㣬ǹϵĴ½һŮ
ݣлҲǿŮòģΨɫڵ櫣߽Ҫѷɫࡣ
ϲȣ޹µɫľĸֶ쳣ĶģɫϢĸо
Ŀԣ·
ˮĿӿŵ޵飬⣬Ů˶ǿҵļ֮ġ
Ů˶ҪĶġ
ǻƿǻ纣
л磡
һ˿ίһ˿ٶ
лŴľϲѹŤͷȥȴͬò绨۵ľŮ϶
϶Ҳ˵ŮеļƷǰԵЩһˣһ̻ɵĸ߹ʣȻǱˡ
϶ҲˡлЦ
һΪԶء϶Ȼлı֣൱Ĳ⡣
лЦôᣬһֱʹʥ룬Ҫ϶ҲȥĻƾ϶ܹնɱӵġ
϶һϲ漴һƲ죬ҲŲţҿɲЩױƭ֪СŮҪңῴң
лεĿ
ɣܿͻῪʼˡЦˣǰ
Ǹոлͷּ˵ĿˢˢͶݹ֮һǱѩѦ
ŮһЩִ뿪ˣȴֻˣҲμεеᣬ߻飬һͬһǰһʮ۷֣һİҲǶʮ˾ӣȻҲʮľ磬л֪ʹﵽʮ޷ʹʥģһаʥص֡
аʥغǴЭˣ
˵ĻӦаʥһֵΪҪѦȻһء
лѦĿһԣƿˡ
עаʥصĸ֣΢ЦлĿԣ˶һͷ
ȻѺõ̬ȣлȴ׽һŵļʣ˵۽һֱڹע
λǴĵ񱩾ллְɡվǰл֡
лȻһЦҾлаʥصİɡ
˵лٿʹʥö۸ˣһȻЦҽ¥Ժָ̡
̵ָĻһߴͽ̵ġлЦеĵ
꣡
˵϶ѦЦ
˼ǿĻлȻ˳̨¡
лῪЦ¥¶֮ɫ֮ʧˣԾһЦӡ
лʼ磬Һ׿õʶЩ̫ںԼݣǷԽ̫أ̵ֵָģ׿ӦòаʥضɵԽ˰ɡ

¥ɫһͣлϬлƺ̫˰ɣаʥصˣлֻûʸʡ
ûʸ񣬿òҪңĳЩ˱ЦģһӻˮҵŮ˲뷨лͬ䵭ĵ
¥ôһЦ滢ӣǿʱһǿҵ̰ݣһֺ޲ýһȥ񣬿ȴЦеģл൱Ĳ졣
л̫߹Լ˰ɡ¥ĵлƵֶֻȻ
ǿʵȻŷ
йܹĶЩʲôˣǶǸеٮٮߣһ۾ܿڽ
ֲöĶԿƴľǾĸߵͣĶ١
ҲĳЩˣϲԼ̧ĺܸߣ˿ĺܵ͡лЦеĵĶҲ˲ŷȥ
ֻΧһת
ǵƽɫ˭Ҳûռˡ
¥֮ɫһʥ֮⣬Ҳл֣򵥰
Ҳû뵽лֺȻ¶ԽУǿҵķУ·ʥطƵأƫƧĵط֣һΪﶼЩƽӹ֮ȻˣֲҪᣬȻаʥصųɳģվԼ֡
ߣ
¥һ˦ƣлתĿ¶һĨԣſڵҡ
αЩΪǵסлƣԼߣĽϡ
һ£¥࣬ҲǣҲǡ
л޼ɵӵĸţ¥͸еһŭֱ嶥ӿһŨصɱ⡣
ڲö֣
ʱһźɫµŮ䵭ĵ
Ϊаʥصĸ֣аʥصΧ֮ڣ¥⻰ȴͬˮͷһӾ侲ĵһлŷԼλ
ѦлȻһЦû¶к͵ӣȻ顣
ԽˣԽлеһ˿Ů˿϶ǺаʥĳĿġ
һͬעĿ
ǱǱΪ׵֣ĸ֡
ΪǰȥʹʥˣҲͬѦһ㣬ǰճǣлĿǲֻΪεеᡣ
ˣлδġ
ܹжʮλڣȻǵҲһ㣬лҲ޷жϳʥأĳһˡ
ôû֣϶Σյġлֱ˶ǿ߸棬߱ʵǿΨ϶ֻ˲ˡ
ЦҺ϶μģֱ֮ڵ󷵻ʥǣûͱ˴򽻵ʥصʥػûнԼ֮ǰҲûﶯֵģǰȫĺܡ
ʲôʥض˵ĽƺܵԼҲû˵ĽŰɡлʵ
еҲֻ֪ƺбһλ׼ս۷弶Ĵڡ˵
׼ս۷弶
лȻģ׼սʼƺв˶ڳ׼ս۷弶ƺѴﵽİɡ
»д飬޷ȷǾʥصķӦпģΪʥڶ׼ս۷弶ĸܹɵģҲֻ׼ս۷弶ˡ
бȻ׼ս۷弶ĸִڡ
´½ʲôصʥðˣĽˣѩ塢һҲˣðһУлĸоǰ´½ʶ̫ǳˡ


951  ķ籩
δ齨ʥ֮ǰлļУһ´½ܴ󣬸ֲֻ۽粻ʵﲻɵΪʥ֮ϹߴʵȻľһԴֱ仯ҲǱĬģϾλòͬģܶණԼѷֵġ
㱼䣬лͻȻ˵ʹʥ۽ܶ˵Ļ
Ǿһ˵Խпìܣ
ʱ˱ɵԽУȴûпԼģлһЦ˿ףҪԼȴѡ
Լ
лݺݵĺһ·ҪԼ۳ЩԽиһ㡣
΢ı仯лҲȻ˱仯
˵֮ǰлǰԵߵ⵽±سɵ·ӣôһ˿ɱ䡣
Ǹ˰ԵʢˣǿƵĸоһգȥ͸¶ԼǿƣԼİԵ
΢ı仯ûӹ϶λŮע⡣
Ƕлܳʱ䣬лȻǷǳ˽ģŮһǻ纣лƿʥǣһƿһ̻ᣬŮǿ˵ģолͻȻı仯¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫ
ʼעߵѦͱҲͬɫ΢䡣
ʵı仯Ӧһ˵ɱ䡣
ֱ仯һ̬ת䣬Եת䣬ǾһԼ֮·
Ϊֹ䶯֣ϸоȴԵδγɣɱ䡣
´½ĺܴ󰡣ԭһֱ졣лЦֻЩףȻеĺһλ׼ս۷弶ĴڣΪʲô˵ĵ͵أ׼ս۷弶ֺܵ͵ƺҲ˰ɡ
ǾͲö֪ˡ˵ʮһΣÿֻƷƷȻܹڴ½䶯Ҳһķ񣬸˸оͺʮһεڸǵĴڣȴִԼǿ󡣡
л°ͣЩɫµŮӣϣǵϿһ㶫ǷĶܻ
ء
ʱ洫һвҽ
Ҫ⵽ſ˵Ĺ
ˣˣ˵е㲻ԾءлһĶͷûʲôҰĵĻΪʲôϳңŵĶ֪˭Ȼһֱע½ĸֱ仯һ٣ȻŤͷ棬оⱬ
ٶʱ˵ע⡣
л緢ʲôˣ϶ʵ
лһ񣬵ûʲô
ŵľٶ˶֪϶Ƿʲô˵϶֪лñ֪
ʱл𺳵
ڷţظоһ˿ϤУŵľװʩչʱǶϤС
Ĳͬԡ٣ڶȴ̫ģ󺺵Ķʩչһ˲䣬ȴло˷ǳϤУϤһǳǿҵͷ
Ǿб֮˵ݣ
ôģлƽת˻⣬ע⵽ܶ˶ڹעлǱ桢ѦˣǶлŵľٶ˺棬ϾǶл˽⣬ǷǳȵģȻɻʲô˾档
лҲû򵥵˵һ飬ȻеһЩ޵ٰϰ飬ǲܹڳ˵ģʵʹʥ⽫ʱڣӦҲƽɣ
϶һۣŮͬʱ˵һݣң
ôһҷлʵ
϶˵ɡ
ţ˵϶һ˼·ǽʹʥ֮ͷʮεսսսˣÿζ㵽ʲôˮϻԲ̣ʧ٣ʧأʥͻȻǵսڼ䣬ŽܹɵǴŶʧһɵɣǣ֮ǰͱǺ֣һߵֹնɱսٺ٣ǵʵѾԵļ
ָһ϶ĶͷЦѽֻǶƤӰˣĻʥǵЩǡ
ʹʥھϣҲɱ¾
ʥͻȻʲô֣лʵ
Ҳûʲôı֣ǽڷΧİ֮ߣǰԵûнԼ͸ǡ϶Ʋ
лЦһ£Ҳû⣬֮ǰĻ϶ܲʥصı֣ȴͬˡ
̬ˣΪһЩݲˣҲ˵ģܹƽ͵Ŀķչ
ʥػһ顣˵鱨ʾǳĵһ飬ǸɳһЩָȥ˺һط
򣿡лͷһ뵽һ⡣
Ǿʹʥʱʥصĸѡֵ֧ĶǷһϾиʥصƣȻǱʥȨߵ棬ѡֵ֧ľȻȫԺˡ
˵ǿߵеĽϣȻȫʥؽӴҪѡ֧֡
ʱлƣΪǲϣʥǡǺ֣ǿ󣬱ϾʥعȻǿᣬͬǶ෽ϣųȥ׼ս۷弶ĸ֣涼ʥʶʵԿǣǣвʥص
˵Ȼȥһط
лɵò˻ɣʥѡֺ֧òǲɸ˵Ŀİɡ
ȥʲôطʲôĿģлʵ
֪ҡͷۺϸ鱨ʾںĳط϶ĳֶǷǳҪĴڡ
л΢һͷ֪ʥسûô򵥵ġ
л
Ϥٶ
лûͷҲ֪˭ĵԨţУûǰ㣬ҪܣȻȥ¡


952  ڲͬ᡾һ

·Цһ㣬ԨЦ
Ц˶һü̫ſˡ
˵ʲôҷָߵͣԨͷлƺڿһЦָԼıӣҪҷָߵͣҲ䣿ǰΣܵĿ죬罫Դˡ
лɫȻû˵ʲô
εȷԣǳΣգҲŴ̼չأӲǳʮųصġ
лڴԨŵļսˡ
Ҳˡлĵһ㹫ƽһսҸһһնɱ㣡
ɱңǿЦлӣҸʮеĻᣬܹϼʮУӴԺлڵĵطԨűض뿪ԨŰȻ
лã֮󣬹ƽһս
ԨƲûǸ
Ҳ֪ﲻǶֵĵطһڱԡ
Ԩŵƣлľûзһ˿Ĳǳȣôһ˿˷ܡ
ԨһԼﵽʮ֮
Ԩ֪л뷨֪᲻
½½˵
ÿһ˶൱ݵλģʥصĴˣһЩĸ֣ȻлעǣһȻǺˣ˵ǰŰ׻ͼǺҵļһգݣȴ֪
Щ֮Ҳʽʼˡ
ʦһɫźɫµŮӣȫûЩʦļ
һ㣬ͿеĲ֮ͬ
ǲΪ׬Ǯġ
չأÿʮһΣҲ⣬ԾֻƷʦЩ䣬˸оǾǧ֮⡣
л˫۱أȤĿš
еڲͬţǵһԲ롣
չأƷý۵ģһЩֵƵıʦ˵оʱ򣬻˵ҪƷ˭еĻԽûУ
ϡ档л
ЦÿƷӵϡ棬Ҳ׼ϣҵĶҪģͺˡ
ǺѵŶлЦֹһαǡ
㲻֪ҵܺ𣿡գգ۾ǶϾգֱʤա
лǿһ󷢴
ˡ
е첲ѹ̲סſĶߣϴˡ
΢΢죬ԵýΣĵİһۣͬǳ͵Ҳˡ˵壬һҹӣ۽ȴƳлɲ͹¶һ˿ƤĻЦ
ʱ򣬵һƷȥ
ʦǰǵʦȣ
˵ЩͱˣҲûнܣҲûпݵʦȣȫһС
Ļȴͬװ㣬˵Ķը졣
һ仰òɵлȻѹ
ǣ
ǿǻԭˣлȥ˵˺߽ܶıѩı
ǾĶ֮ĻᣬǷǳ鷳
ǣʷϹϵǿʦ֮һŽʷʦǰĵλʦڼ
ʦȣȻƷеľƷ޽еı
ЩμˣǶ൱ʵˣľƽȣǰǵʦȣȻǷһ
Ͼ̫дɫˡ
㣬оⶫҪ󡣡϶˷ܵĵ
лҲļס֣һЦ˵ڣǱ˾ˣҲޱ׬
ڶ˼Ҳ⡣
˭а磬ɽûУλԼıǻѡġʦ˵
磿ûЦɣ¥̲ס˵ʦѾְҵʥڣɾʦķҲΪѪӡ޷ΪʦǾʷ޵еʦʦûóȫõİǽ𣿡
⻰Ҳ˵˵Ŀȥˡ
ͬʱ¥Ҳ͸¶һϢǾʦְҵѪйϵΪӡһѪԾܹɾʦģҲ޷ΪʦҲʥڣûʦҲǼһЩˡ
ԭѪӡʥͬԼлﰵ
ǻóԵıİɡʥصҲ͵
ʦɫû˿仯ֻ䵭ĻӦ֮ѪӡؽһжعϹʢʱʦȻٶȳ
ʲô
˵ʲô
ֳμӾĵҲǶʮˣ仰ͳͳվлҲ⡣
֮Ѫӡ
ͬذըĽۣǳԾ
ʥشʹʥжʧˣħ˸ˣлͺ
¥ȻǣǳɹˣħѾ׶Ͼ˸ĿܣȻĻ֮ǰ᲻֪ѪӡҪ⿪𡣡
лһƺҲԣǻħǰǿ󣬾ôϾ
˵֮Ѫӡʱģ
ʦȻ棬Ҳ֪ˣٹգǱˣͻǴϢģ֮µѪӡͽ
ʦı飬ûٻˡ
û˻ỳʦΪʦȻȡ˵ôһĻԣûбҪϾ治ڶһδ֪
Ҹʹ֪ϢģУʥصĴѾǻħ˵ĸ׶Ͼʲô˿ԴѪӡ¥ʵ
ʦĿ¥ң
¥ɫ΢䡣
ҪȷϢϣﲻߴ͸档˵
ʦħǷϾҲ֪Ѫӡʱ򣬾ѾԵİ취Ҫܹ꣬ƽ⣬ǵõ鱨ʾѾﵽҪ󣬰֮ڣؽѪӡۿ¥ʥصĸ֣ţǿʱȥѯʣʥصӦѾˣֻǻûеõϢˡ
Ȼ˵˻ʲôɡ
֮Ѫӡ֮
ըԵϢǺܿͽ½ˡ
һ֮Ѫӡôսʼ¾ⶼӭж⣬Щ׼սǣǶΪѪӡԼ޷սʼֵĶģһ谭ôǱԳսʼˣߵľҲսʾ˰ɣϾϹʱڣħݺսʼ϶ȻһЩǡ
лѪҺˡ
ѪӡѾﵽʮϣЩϱǱƴ˭ĸ죿ͿԼˣʱ䳤ˡ
һ飬õó磿ʦ˵𾪣ʦȣ֮󣬶ܹΪʦˣдá
˶㿴ңҿ㡣
ڶʦȣ뷨ˡ
ĵУ


953  ڲͬ᡾
֡Сܶ˶һ
ĿҲˢˢϡ
Ȼ糣ӿռָóһ磬ͨѪɫģ·ѪҺ滹һЩţϸĻѿΪЩҲǺɫġ
һ棬һͼһվɽۣХĻ棬ȻͼһԾɸһĪѹ·ǻŵġ
绻ʦȡʦһ
ǰ
Ůһ𽻻Ʒ
лץסʦȵһ̣Եһ˿˷ܵģһֱ޷һоҲһоϾѪӡԵʣ޷ɾʦġ
񣬰֮Ѫӡ
ôʦҲؽ֡
һʦʦǵʦȣ˵ŷǷá
ɾʦ
ҪΪǰĴڣ˱ӵĳŮǿˡ
뵽ͼĲˡ
ٺ٣ԺҵҲһʦˡлЦŽӵ뻳У㱳
Ļĵͷ
ĺܼ˷ܡ
˵ľٶ¥ʵļ񣬾ԨŶһ˿ļʣʵ̫ˣŮҪĶĵز
л¥ԨһЦ
˸ǻðɣ¥ҧгݣսȭͷһҪȥл˺Ƭӡ
ڶƷʦĻ˰
лӵ
ֿˣҪ֪ǻ纣޷ٶȱлǰ֮֮ѪӡƾǻۣܹΪŮǿ˵ģǿһ
ʦó˵ڶƷ
϶۾ˡ
ǺȻǼʸ
õļʸһǶ֧֮
վżʦ
ٶһһļʸֻܶԹ൱ϾʸҪϣǱվżͬ
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954  սһ
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956  ս
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ԾǱըԵϢУͻȻἰ櫣ǲ֮ʲôϵ


957  Ѫºաһ
УĪ⣬ʮһƷñȡƷýҡ
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ǾֽʥصʵɣȻһȥҲý˵԰ɡ
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ʥʵ൱ܹ֪ʥصʵǾ͵֪ʥصδʥصкεȵ˶ʣǱ棬л
϶صǷĵұչ֮л·أһֱڰмǡ
Ϊ˫ҪлԸʿ涯ɱ
ʿǰվСʱûͬ뿪ģлҲʩչġ
ֻ۸ʿ棬Ǳ棬˭û뵽лȻҵ󵽾Ͳǵ棬˽͵
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˫ĺʲôݣӶƻģû뵽Ȼ漰֪һ£Ǿʥصʵ
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˵֮ǰӦһ㣬֮ѪӡҪˡڸʿ潫Ҫڵһ˲䣬ͻȻ˵
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ʿҴĿɲԼΪҿЦ𣿡
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׼ս۷弶磬лҲһֱǱʶΪǾ׼սʾɾ͵ģҲֻԼΪϾֻʶһлʦ׼ս۷弶δⷽ⡣
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֣ҡΪֹδе׼ս۷弶飬ɾ׼ս۷弶ôļѡ
׼սʾϹʱǸڵġʿ͵ֻǱѪӡµǣѪܵһķչҲ޷ﵽսʼҪ˱һȫµĵ·׼սʾ磬ɾ׼սʾ˲Ǵﵽ׼ս۷弶ȴ޼ǵ˲űЩӡ߱ģҲûмˣԭ׼սʾ׼ս۷弶ģͬһһһġű棬ٷŻ׼սʼĸ𣬷ֱλλλ۷弶֪׼սʼٷ֮ʮĶ׼սʼλѣλԴﵽ˵۷弶
ǰɣ⻮֮Ѫӡ֮ƺѾû˰ɣ֮Ѫӡ޷ȫԾɶŷǳǵپ׼սʼʹ࣬Ǵս۷弶ֱսʼˣ
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ʥزŸոճ֪Щɡ浭ĵǺʥڶԼˣҵλ൱ߡ
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Ϲ˵鱨棬Զʤʥصඡʿ滰е塣
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һһܾѩıѩܾȫܹܣϾڿʥͬȳԶģֻǵرչˣŵµѷʥصģ岻ͬ
ǵ߽ʥҪĽصĲߣӢ֮һĶй춼֪ôһλ׼ս۷弶ֵĴڡ
òǱ˵Ѱɣлתһ룬ֲܣϾǹغ˫δĹؼ㣬ԱǻۣԲ˵ѲŶԡ
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Ϊһ㣬Ǿ塢ѩ塢һڵʱ䲢Ƕݣֻ⵽صչ˶ѡ浭˵жʵʱʥΪģϾʥǷ棬лı̫ͻһ˵ĹâڵһУƫƫʥûиǵɣǼҡҡҡ塢ҹħ巽ʥǵĸȴûһ塢ѩ塢һھԶŷǷĵ̡
ԣлҲʶΣǳǿΣ
ԭΪԼռƣϺʼһսǺ֣ģڿԼġ
ʿ治ĵ˿˺ңѩһҲȷкʥ࿹ʵˡ
ţңڳԾѿڶ
ûҡʿ浭ĵҵʵԶô򵥣ǵǿ̶Ѿﵽʥصļ𡣡
ȻˣΪβЩܹɵĳưԴ½򣿡
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˭׼ս۷弶Ĵڣ׼ս۷弶ǾͲһ߿սʼģ˵޵еĴڣҲͰˣд½ػôһصڣȻ峤ڼʮǰĸӦڼʮǰһ׼ս۷弶Ҫʱĸлʦٺ٣ͬΪ׼ս۷弶ȴлʦһлˣҸлʦʱʩչ䣬֮Ѫӡ⿪֮ǰóưԴ½ʿ˵ȻΪʲô˶Դң
ʿҡͷֻԼ֪еԵɰɡ
ңһƺûһǻ̽˫Эɣʥֻ˵ʵǲͬġ
Ҳգȷǵ͹ǡʿĵǾ͸¶һʥưɣ


967  ʥصʵʵ
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лҲ˶䣬ʥɲ⣬ѩһͬĵ̣վǱرչ˵Ķ󣬿϶ܵ൱Ӱ죬Ҫѷɫʥصġ
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еޡʿĻ˶ƽ˺ܶࡣ
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ʿ˵Ѫӡ֮ʥڣкܶʵԶսʼϵǿߵģֻΪѪӡǵٵļ̣䣬֮ǰ뵽һЩ취ǾǽһִսʼĸʼձһѪӡǾһֱڱ⵱УѪӡӰ죬һѪӡ⵽ƻ㲻ǱҲԴӱ߳
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ʥصʵԶԶ֮⣬ĵ̵治ü򵥵ȥ
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һֱԹ۵ĸԶԣ̲סϹ̫˰ɡ
浭ĵҲֻ˵һ֣Ǽҡҡҡ塢ҹħȷľ˲ţδἰأұˣʥǻ˺ӣȴпܸıսֵ
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µл֪ʱˣЦǺǵ˵ֻϾͿνɡ
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ѣһɫ񵶳ڿУÿһѵ涼ŽӲӵĻ棬ǽ͡

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ǸʿֻǱȵͣһ㣬лףʿʵǱɱʮ۷徳ԨŻҪǿһߣʩչ⶷ԨŶսǱġ
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969  ˫
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Ҫˣ˫ĿŹ⣬ƾҵĸӦܸӦǿҵ׵粨Եڡ
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֮ǰӵе׽ĻлҲ̫ϲϾʱ̵Ӱδܹǿʢײͬƾлᣬֱóֲݣ׵羫֮󣬾֮ǰʮϡ
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лıڸ֮ϣ崦ӥڵӥȻһжõľ湹ģָоȴޱȵʵͬĲӥıǳٵøо

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Ƶ磬ƹ⣬Ƶ磬裬ӥһͷԺлϸһĨЦ⣬һոµƵлĸγɡ

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лĸ֣ЦˣҪ˵Դ󣬻блųƵҲûһɣЦҡҡͷ̬谵ŭ
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лɻĿа飬Ҫ֪ɱȫģһʵа飬ô£㲻Ҫһʱܹ׼սӦûڱչصУͻȻģ
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͵û񷽲ŵ˭ұ֤ĳЩڰжֽأǱҪݻģǵһǸȫᣬȴŻƻǵͷҲһա
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ֳɱĿ⣬лֻһЦζʮ㡣
ҲǱ̼ɱ죬ɰ衢ҶڵǺܲƵĿȴֻ
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λſʯǸôءлֽֿȭȭףһҪ̬
Ҳ׷
ʱֻᣬɱһָֻá
ſʯķһ飬Ҷ
Цôɨһлʵ൱ҲͰˣƾлΪʲôһܹõ飬ѵҪǿֻһˣûа֣һѾǱˡ
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989  ħ񣡡
ʥԴӸʿ桢ʿлնɱ֮ʼûܹϵ̨ĸֳ֣УǾͽʥصų⣬վһ㣬ճͬʥصķΧ֮ڡ
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ֵĻʥĿǰΪֹΨһܹ뿪ʥܹ֮ʩչս֡ȷ
һ̣˶ˡ
սǿɲʮ۷ܱģǾԿֲĴڣųܹһȭɱһʮĳ֡
ʣڳ֮˭֮⣿
ԴĳҲ¶һĨأǿֻͬһǿģϱսǰͬûš
սֻǱʮ߳ȼǿһ޷ԽĺӢۺܣţ޷ɾս硣
ɣѦĵ
Цû
˵ֵģ״ʥΨһܹӰս֣ʥðճ֣Ѧĵ
˵Ҳ򵥡ŵĵܹвȷֻаʥصĸ߾ãˣл֣ҲԶԿģսʮʵ̫ˣֻҪһЩаʥظεɱˣȻľͻø߾òòطûи߾ãȷճĿǰΪֹ һ֣ȻûΣգܶȡΪβء
ѦôţҲǹȷĶ֣
ҲδأǱϾŷǳֲģԽɱʮ۷弶ģʵȻǿǹȷǻܹΪսˣɶϺ꣬ǶսԣԶܱȵġԹȷʮ㣬Ŀ˸Щ˷ܵĵʯҸȷɱл
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Ϊս֣ȷƳޱȣһ̣ͬƿԪĸɽ˵أ˲ɽֹǷϸУƺ֣Ǿ·һ㣬ǹȷʩչơ
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һȭ֤ʮս֮Ĳ࣬Ǵ޷ֲĵزֻҪ㹻ĸϣһս
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һȭ̽лҲ˹ȷʵûдﵽĵزֻսһĴڣȻԾǿףȴ޷սʤġ
žžžž
衢Ҷȫȷȫһ󱬶춯˲壬ӿһڷڣǿĵһѺۡ
ǣһϰɣȷָˡ
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лվڵĵشǾſʯʯֿɼĵط


990  ħ񣡡ġ
ſʯζžŴǿߡ
Ҫ˵лĶǴƭ˵ģӵʥ֮ԴҪٵľۼǿҲǷǳѵģڳֵǻҵľ棬ʥ֧֣׵ķѣõİ취Ȼоۼǿߣ˾ܹߣȻͨʥ֮Դƿ
ʯлȴûȥá
֪һȥʯȻΧġ
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ڼ㡣
һȭȷûóȫҲûʩչǿĶǡݡʩչģԶȭͷҪǿĶ࣬С߱족һսڲҪӶʯʩչߣҪս
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վƨϵĻҳЦĵȷȷǿһ㣬ҪߵĻסҡ
𣿡ȷһţһһ󼤵Ϳ㳡渡һ˶ĺɫ䣬ǺɫĻ۶ɵģȽȽ𣬱ȵĳ衢Ҷ˷׷׵㳡档
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лֵһ±㿴СŮӵַԶıҲЦŻӦΪ˶Ըл֣СŮӿɷѿأɲҪСŮʧŶôͱǰɱ
лЦûǸɱҡ
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лұ񣡡


991  ħ񣡡塿
ұ
ĸ֣ƽȴһֿ֮⡣
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ҶЦҵҪһ񷨣
𾪣Ҳе˼顣
ǱΪԼˣлȻҪȷһսЩ̫ǰһС
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992  ħ񣡡
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997  ׽
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ŶҲӵйףɱγɵġӥȻ
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998  ׽
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999  һ

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𶯣γɲɵĿռ䲨ڼɱһƬˮĿ
⻪޹⡣
ͬʱҲɫȫ䣬üļֻҲһɫĹֱɫڣʹҲٵı仯˿ڼɱ졣
лľ߶ȼУҪؼһսҲţԼܹͨ˸һ仯ﵽҪ󣬴ӶһԾʮ۷弶ľ硣
ɾΪؼʱ̣ǰĻȴģ
ǻζͬˮ
Ȼ޷
лҪ˵ʱ벻鷢ˣ


1001  ɱ䡾һ
л֮֮ڹĦϹʱɱսĹؼʱ̣ȴģȫ޷սûĻᣬлˡ
ڴսģ飬ӥûἰ˿ȴӣ޷лҲ֪ǺãҲδ뿪ڣֻǰľѾȫģˣӰͬԭ峺׵ˮ棬ͻȻûǲƾлȥȴҲʲô
лƵǣҪ˳ȥȻ޷
ƺˡ
л취ȥʱһɺ嫵ĳѹľȻڱ
侫֮ǿҪϯ硣
ľлľҲ˾ҵĲлľʹʥ֮󣬾ѾָĲˣľԶԶԼھܹﵽĳ̶ȣ൱ս۷弶ľ޷ȫٿأʶһֱȡ磬ӶƿԼľĻϡ籩սĿ¡
ȴôףΪֹл̽ŲٿǰľȴһֱûܹƿأΣϾľǵϹǿߵľӡɱģȻѾΪľȴ
ͻأֵľлˣʲôľֱϯأǿա
лУվŭӿĴеһҶۣûУľѾǷǳİˣ൱ս۷弶ľ޷ٿأͻأֵľǰľǾһССĺ⾫Ǵ󺣣ȫɱ̫ˡ
Ҫ군ˣлЦ
̬ľ籩ûжԿ
ҪҲܵӰ죬ͬһ㣬þ취޷߳
ʱһθе
Ϊ˲ٿء
лɵÿЦΪܹͨ¼ϴսпƾ˴εĹﵽս֮󣬶ܹɵؿս۷弶ģأ
ûܿǿսҪˡ
ӥƭң޷л﷢һЩ仯ԣƾʵҪɱңֻǾ֮ͣûҪ۵ġϯ޿ռľ籩ɻĵ⾫ӥ֪ɡ
վԭ֮ģָ˹֮ȻߣǰģǱģ

ǿֲľҰķš
лվУͬһҶۣƮȴûͷתĸоľȻҲּû˶ȫӶʲô˺ֻǾľķ켣һģһƺģ¡
䡭
Ȼ䣬һıը춯
лŬǱը촫ȥԭģĻӿľλþȻ
ֻϧսѾ
͸üɫ۴ԺɳͬҲն˼ɱ񹭣ûڡ
֮ϴڵڶһɰľӿǷڡ
Ҳ٣лһĻһֿڡ
ڵľȻǼɱǿߵĲ־۶ɵģѹǿ˹ĵز
лɴͼȥѹԼľֲӴͷǸ塣
Ҫ뿹ܣǾ޿ܡ
Ȼ޷ܣǾ֮Ӵɣ⾫Ѿ֮ãֻΪ֮ˣô񱩵ľ֮˵ˣȵʹʥǾ۷ڵϹǿµľӡ磬ǸӡٻжӡڣɾǾǴȻģģһ˿˺ۼĴڡ
Ȼ񱩣ȴͬΪƷǷԴԼӡأ
ǳȥ⾫˱ܹҵľ汩ŰǾǱˣƿǿߵľлǿҵС뷨
֣Ǿ͵
֣ɹʺСٻлĻᣬһɹпܴ޷ĺô
лȻѡðճˡ

л³һĵ취ܵƿԼľǵһҪٵ⡣
ԼľΪһ˿ϹǿߵӡʣǴﵽս۷弶ܹȫƿأԻҪȴ⡣
лȶһٿԼľ
ľʮ˵԰纣ֻǱǹɾԵ̫Сˡ
лȥٿԼľ
䡭
Լľͬһֻ˯ħ޶Ȼ䱻̼ѹ¶Ѫҵı
Ϲǿµһ˿ӡȻڷţ͵ǾϹǿߵһ֣лľ񺣳ΪһƿŰ
ҾͲţлƵĲٿһ־ȥϹǿµһ˿ӡֻҪնôܹȫƿԼľ
ϾԼľڡ
˴սԼˡ
û취лֻôµĺҲȻûϣֻܵˡ
ˢ
׺ݵĳȥһ˿ϹǿߵӡҲ÷ԭǷɢģΣһģӰҲЯӴ
߽ҵɱ
䣡
ֻһײл۵ľ㱻ɢıһѪܵһĴˡ
лȶģӰٶȳ
лĺҪĨɱ̼ıŰ
䡭
ʮΣлľҪȫ
޷˿ϹǿߵӡҪ˵ȫƿؾˡ
ۿһγлҲŭˣããҵģҪĨȥһУ
Ѿ޷ܵлԼܹƿصľͷ˳ȥİǿյľϵ
һŰ
һĽӴ
İľͬҵйڣ䡱һ£ޱ޼ʵľɽ֮ƳлľУ׵ģӰ⵽˵һʱĳֻһһϹǿµĲӡôûˣ
ǵľʵ̫̫࣬ൽлûüģһӱʶģˡ
Ҳ˹ȥ


1002  ɱ䡾
Ҳ֪˶ãлָһЩʶԺУƺһ˶ޱߵӥŵɫĹվǰƺ˵ʲôԼԼУֻһЩֻƬ
벻ȺﶼЩġȻСӴˡˣǽҸҲ塭
϶ĻﴫлҪһЩ͸еʶڴһ΢Ĳ
ֻ΢Ĳѣǰһڣ֮ٶʧȴ֪
ٴǾʹ۾
ȫͬĸʹһ㣬лһʱץһƿξƹཹཱུĹȥ
壬ʹ˺ܶࡣ
л˦˦ͷǻʶȫѹ
΢紵ҷĸол̨ΧȻ£ɽһжôʵͷٿԭѾȥ˺ɫ⼣ָ˵ɫģ
ָˣлһеȻ޷ˣ
ʱȻԼλԵġ
ϲ鿴Լľ
ⲻҪһ֮£лɵˡ
ֻĴ澫ʶڣһƬ󺣣ǾľȻ۳Һ壡
̶ȣл޷ݡ
ȥһ¡
࣡
лͷ·һСǿ˼СС˻ѾܹƵļޡ
̫ľ޷ٿء
ͬ׵Ҫ׼ս۷弶ֲܹȫһ⾫񺣣ҲܹٿصģΪ̫࣬Ծ񺣣ͺһСվһٽصʯǰ޷ƶ
ҺҺлǾҺԺзһģؼƬΡ
ƺʲôطھҺ˵
л۾ϸ䡣
ˣ
Ȼ䣬лڱѩڣ籩ʱ򣬱峤ἰһ仰
Ϲʱ֮ѪӡӰʱΪﵽϾ磬һļҺһҺʱ򷢻ӡ籩ܹɨһУΪ籩ĴߣҺʩչ籩ش
һλлĶٶ
һһĻš
лٿҺͬľɵˡ
Һľȫٿʩչɡ籩ܹشϹǿ
ʲô
ʵжǿǺݵȴʩչѪӡ½Ѫӡ˳꣬ΪֹҲֻƻѣ޷ȫƽ⣬ǿ
ҺľȴԽˡ
ˣ
лʿڸɬҺվεʣ⿴һаأʵϿһѪӡĴڡ

Ȼ䣬лЦ
ЦշӶħޡࡱ׹䣬ľƲʺȻɢĴѿɽҡΡ
ЦЦЦƨһ
ȴӲѹǹлЦֹΣлܵĸо
ֹסЦͷȥ
ֻǳֵɫı渡һõӰһֻӴӥģֻһӣһܽߡ
ңл֮ǰԺǶ϶Щȷ˵
ӥۣƨңƨˡ
лǰȡлϽл
˵Щûõƨӥ˯ʵ۾ҪǿγǽҲù֪ôƨСӣȻǵ㾫Ҫȡ֮һľ֪ĿЦ֪ǽľǿ൱ϹʥһľǺεȵ˼ǰҲֻܵ
лȻ˼ôҵģ
ӥȻϵ֮ģȻĻΪô֪γǽֻаγǽ࣬ſ֮ܽڣһʵﵽһ̶ȣɴ߷֮һ塣
ԭлĵǣ
˼ҾС쵰ڣӥ
ҼС쵰
лһ漴ȻеС쵰Ī͸ɱΪףӡɽڵֻӥ
ǼɱġлԾĵ
û˼ҾǼ޳裡ӥ˵һ԰Ϊ޳裬Ϲʥһ𲢼ս˼һȷѡ񣡡
лȴЩɵˡ
û뵽֮ǰĴھȻһ˿Ĵڡ
ǲǺҵûӥǿлɻ
лͷ֣
Ϊ˼ҡӥŵ۾һĨ⣬ͬһӹлԾ̾ӥù
ùлΪӥ԰һµģôһ䡣
ӥùȻùսһɱȥ׷ǲȺȥģ˭֪һеħۣ澫ĵط֮һľҵͱľڣƵ֮ǰǿͳҵĲͳһڣҲ̺Դ
Ϊʲô֮ǰļȴ֪أлĵ֪Ļǻڵӥ϶ˡ
Ϊ̫̫޴ӥἰƵĴǶôӴľʱ䣬Һò׽˵ľӡľӡȫĨȥ˵ľӡҲգľֻҪһܹǹɾҵİ֮£ܹϿɣǾȻÿһֻܹ˺սһЩħ޶Ǳ
Ҳѹӥ˷ŭǾ̫ˣ˭õԺɳעǺ޵ֵġ
Լĺõƫƫûõлơ
лЦҲ֪ô£Īľʹڵľ
ƨӥһĶߣʲôĪģɾȻûκǿӡɻ̺ǿߵıԴԵģҪľںеħֵһ˿ӡôܼǵĹԣ˵ľΪʲôеħ綥ǿߵӡģ


1003  Һı̬һ
Īõľ۷ڵĪϹǿߵľӡлһֱú֣ΪĪõģΪֹͲ塣
Ҳ֪Ϲǿߵ
ӥһ˵ǵħǿߵľӡлˣܵõǹɾɫã
ֻܲǣΪʲôҪõôྫأڰ𣿻оǵʱƺаӥµķӡ˰ɣӦòֲܳǰ
ѲǾ۷ڵϹǿߵľӡо櫵ĴڣԣĻλṥԼл˼ȥҲ𰸡
ǰ˵һ˵ľӡӡһڣһȥǾӡ⾫ӡ֪ͬģ񽫾͸ˣлûлشӥ⣬ѯԼеš
ӥȻܣӡһеĸҪ͸ͬˣҲҪӡȫĨУȻǸĸŮԲеģǾӡǴ֮Լġ
櫣
лȻһѿھе
ʲô櫣ӥĵ
ˣ
лһڸɬҺɫ÷ǳѿӥ˵Ҫһ˵õӵоӡľͱͬһˣĻǾӡ뱻Ĩ֮󣬽ǾıԼģǾӡȻڣȻģ˭أ
ϣֻһܹӵǿľ
Ǿ櫣
Ҳ˵۷̺ŵľӡ櫵ģҲΨˣſĪĻǹɾġ
۷ڵϹǿߵľӡȻ櫵ģ
ȷ۷櫵ģл֮ǰ϶һƶϵͱʵģǾл䶯졢֣ӵеöɫڵȫںҲȫֻ꣬һ֣
ҲûǣȻţֻ겻
櫵ı䣬һֱжţΪһıæµţлǣ룡
ΪŮһƶϵĽǣǱ۷ھӡնɱģҾҪӡģǸӡĸǾ۷ҲΪʲô븴֮Ҫ޳ȥȡ۷ԭܹӡڡ
˵ǿǱɱģ
뱻ɱڼǧǰ
ôڼǧǰֹҲ֪Ϊʲôԭնɱ룬ҽӡʹʥڵġ
ΪʲôҪɱ룿
⣬Ҳģлľǣ϶ƶϵĽõ֤
ɫڵ櫸Ϊ˶ȡǵȡ֮Ѫӡ³ɾսʵģĿģ䱾岢ȱʧֶܵӰ죬һֱڰƿ̣ڷչ̣һڰһıȻĻȫУ˥ʱƿ´½ġ
ιСûСӥ
лЦˡ
ӥľΪʲôӵеħֵľӡȻСȴĵħֵľӡѪЩѪľӡô£ϹʥʿǷӡһ͵ħͨ˼ͨģôдĵħѪ˴ڣѵѪ鱾ԭлָģܰǱҪдĵħѪܼİ
ġлͽʱĸ״ǵħͨ˼ͨ϶н뿪ʼеѪӡɫ񵤵Ĵ˵ٵڳ֮Ѫӡϸ˵һ顣
ӥҲеɵۡ
ȵл˵꣬ӣ˵Ϲʥʵȷʵûʱȫӡ϶ǾƾħĴħǼȡ˴ħֵҲֻһ˽˼磬˵ҲǴĵħѪѵĸ׽˼ʱ򣬾Ѿɣ
ƺǡлҲˡ
ȴ޷͡
лǰ˵ħ
ħû˵ӥҡҡͷҵ֪ħħħ֮ǵħħݵϹʥʸնˣ˼磬˵ʲôħɣ˵˵ħʲôص㡣
лǵĽƺ޻꣬в޻꣬ħӥԼħꡭ
ǣӥл˵꣬еǾħħħ֮һ˵Ǹ櫵ĸ״ӵħȥʲô޸ãųΪħģˣˣħ̺ħħĲ־ħþѪһ൱߼ħ֮ѪĻѪܵõħԼѪɱ䣬ӶΪĵħѪĻ
лҲɴ۾ǻħ˾櫵ĸף
ֻһֿܣȻĻ櫲ǴĵħѪ϶Ѫӥ
ѹ櫻ȥʹʥɼȻˣΪʲô׸ϾأӦ֪ʥػǰȥ׸ģΪûгأл
ӥЦһ֮ױȣοܲȥΨһĽܸͣܿϹȥˣֻ˽赲ˡ
˭赲׼ս۷弶лԺиӰֻилʦǸлʦΪ½ػߵԭͿʼ˥ˣֵܵģˣҪָܻƺûʲôֿܹ˰ɡ
ӥٺЦǿɲһҪ֪ħΪʲô˼磬⣬һԭǾ˼ЩеһˣžԵĿƣֿѹԵġ
лͷ֪ƺǵħǿ֮һĵʹһ塣
ʹҲһĿǣǾ֮Ѫӥ˵
лһü֮Ѫ
ӥû֮Ѫ˵ѪеľںһЩ֮Ѫɵ֮Ѫܹɵõʹ
⻰лԺиЩӰӡ
ȺطѵΪ櫸׵ĸɣ
леôıŤôĲʵһҪĳ嶯οܡ
ԣǾԲô櫵ĸ׸
Ҫ˵Ļȫ԰ӥ˵ôֻҪȡ˵ѪںѪˣΪʲôҪ
ȻȺطĿġ
ҰĲطӣҪĵħĸ֣߱ͻģȻ临ģҲġ
㲻ǹҧһëأ
ӥֿˡ
лʲô
ӥħ˼ʧܣҲһȡѵģЩרſһЩǿǿߵֶΣҲȻ˼취ģҲпѾǲӰˣҲδ֪ԣĻҪϣڽ֮ѪԸҪƾԼʵıϡ
ֻҪʱ䣬ֻܹǲСл
ӥѵҺ̬


1004  Һı̬
Һ̬ľлȻҲ֪Ǻεȵı̬޷ٿء
лʼ磬ûлӦӥĻ
ǲǾ޷ƾӥʵ
޷ƣҶɣҾǴﵽսʼ⾫ܲܿһɡл˵ʵǰʱ䣬а鵽ﵽ׼ս۷弶Ѿսʼֻȴ֮Ѫӡ⵽Կߵľ磬Ҳа֪׼ս۷弶ľ״ﵽµĳ̶ȣɺӵеҺ̬ȣǸû⣬̫ˡ
ٺһЦӥȷѿƣҲҪһ㣬Һһԡ
ԣ
лһǰ˼˵֮ͬǰӵ櫵һ˿ӡһڵľħֵĻȫ
ûӥ
̫ˣлϲ
ӥȴٺٵЦ
ЦлеһļƤЦǰЦôҸоôŤء
ΪҪľȫʵ㹻һֿܣǾ㱻櫻ɱֻ㱻ɱˣܹǳɱ櫡ӥ
лʱˡ
Ҫɱˣܼɱ櫡
ҿɲл
ҪŬֻҪľ粻磬ƾҺ̬ϾĻɱѣǻûʲôġӥ˵
л˵ҵľܶࣿ
Խɱˣл̫Ϥˣʥλܹɱλλܹ籩ʮвǳȥ籩ǿɱλ֣Ǵﵽλֻܻɱһλֱ֣ﵽλͻƱԵܹƾԼʵͶɱʮ֣˵ʲô
˵ʵԽǿһ֮ĲԽԽɱ˵ѶȾ͸󣬳յĶﵽĵزյĿƶǿġݡҲֻʮսѡ
ܶࡣӥ˵
ܹĸʱ򣬴ӵлƵĵ
ӥ֪Һζʲô
лҡҡͷֻ˵Һ˵ﵽһĳ̶ȾͻȻȻﵽģһ£пҺģʲô壬Ͳ֪ˡ
Һ;𣬾ʥ˵ǵĲɡӥ˵ĺܼ򵥡
˭֪ԶʥܱȵģȻǽȻͬͬȼĸʹԿʥĻܹɵնʥġ
лˣǰ˵ҺľҪԶȲҺľǿĶ࣬Ծ٣ǿҲܿ߳Ҽˣͬұʮܹս֣ΪӵгҺҲƳֲ˾Ĳࡣ
ûӥͷڵľ磬ҲǿƴŰٷ֮һҺʩչһΡ
лͷӦ̧ͷԶڼһɽ
ɽԼ֮ߡ
Լľ
ľ磬Һ̬ҲеһˣˣȻǷǳӴܹսֵľ
籩
лʩչΥľֶΡ
䣡
εľͬһɿ磬ϯأƬضķҲǸɽ
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ǿģֻҪģǾһܹͨۿ
л㡰Ǿ籩һתĿ磬ֱɽɽ֮ϣɽҵҡ
䡭
űһ춯
Ǹɽɽۣ߰˰׸߶ȵɽ۱Ʒˣ߿ձεľ籩ϴ񣬺Ȼʯ
ɽɽ۾ôûˡ
⣬ս۷弶ľˣлԾĵ
ӥ֪Һ̬˰ɡ
лĵҪԹȷս֣һ籩ȥͽɵˣαط⾫籩ֽΪ͡ݡһĳƱɱˡ
л˷ܾȥӥ˵ԸңΪʲôС쵰˰ɣһ
лͽѪ鱾ԭԼĿӥһһʮ˵һ顣
ӥĬˡ
ʼӲġӥ̾һҲգάľѾȫˣⲿҪٵѪ鱾ԭɡ
ǰл
ӥζֹл˵˵Ҫ˷ʱˣûǾ֧֣棬ĵĸ죬Ҫȥˡ
˵
лĿţһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôá
ãлų̾һ
һӥڵɽ뿪
лûзճǣֱڵĵطҪȥ϶Լϡ
ɳĮŮھ˵أ൱ңԶ
лһ·Уһ·ӥõϢлϲд㵣иˡ
ӥΪ˼ҪĴۡ

³һл죬ĵһҪǿΨб㹻ǿܹԼߵˣδܹ
ӥҪло˲пʵ
ʥĳ
ʮһ·ԾȻͣ
Ҫ棬ͱ㹻ǿ󣬽ʮ·
ôһ·Ул﷢һ˿仯Ŀӵǿˡ
Сʱ֮ɳĮŮڵĸɽлС
ɽԾǴڱ֮Уˡ
ĺлڴӥһЩаѳǰ·Ҫߡ
лɽۣ֮һɳ죬ֱӵɽ֮ϡ
Ϳ˺ܲˬһĻ϶ȾȻΧˣΧǵĺȻǡ


1005  Ȼ֡һ

֮ǰӥƶϣǻħ˱ϾӦȺֹ櫳ȣܸоȺĿĲô򵥵ģϾȺܹ˭˵ǱϾĻħ˾Ͷûôء
˷л֮ǰвͬ
Щÿһ⽫׵ߣͨ嶼ҵƬҪֶô߷ƬҪǣÿһͷϵƺǾģȫͬĳ
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1007  䡾һ
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1008  䡾
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1009  ֮һ
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ӵڳſڱ㽫Ǿ޴ĵ̳
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ҵӡˣ˭֪Ƿŭĺ
лһӡﵽ磬ǲǺͰһҲǱӡģʱֻս۷弶Ҳδȫ֮бʥȡȡΣա
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Ҳƿ̫࣬ҲʵľԣǺϡ٣ҲеľǰģԽսɱ˽̫ˡ
ȽþҺ̬İɡߵ
лҲûͽӥĴ˵һ飬˵һжӥǰĹ͡
ĳĬ˺ܳʱ䡣
ӥǰٵѪ鱾ԭӦò̫ѵ⡣ߵԾء
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ܹ߳Ѫ鱾ԭ󣬿δлȥƻճŵ̸ֻޣʵҲǺǿϾҲͬʥһǱ˴ӡԼģ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻſܴܲƣ櫻һ֧Ĵڣ֧֮ǰ̣ԵʥصӡЧʱһֵģֹƻѪ鱾ԭġ
лüʲô


1010  ֮
һֱлֻǾãҲܹˣʥܹжϣҲս֣Ƕڵԣûκвϳ衢Ҷʥصĸ̶֣ͬеģȻ̣ܰǻʱ֣ʶһֱΪж鷳
ʱлһ֧֪Զô򵥡
֧ص̱ʥظ֮ǧ꣬櫵̻ϵģǲʲôӰ졣˵
ǲǻ׼սʲսл
Цڷӡ⵽ƻǰﵽս۷弶ģ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻǰһ죬ƻ֮һ֮ڣǵѪӡѹȵҪգǲչգôȻᱻɵģƻ֮ѪӡʱܹĸҲսġ
лһս絹ҲӦǰ˵֧صʲô
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ߵѾ֪һЩˣ櫵ĸԭǻѪ˳Ϊ׷ա

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ûԭ׷պͬһεģҪѸһѪõȫɱ֮󣬼ϻħΪͻƣﵽĲΣֻҲעùߵдһ˿ֻ׷ոոͻƣδȹ̾磬ǡ׷ɱֽ׷ջΪħ֮ˣ׷ɱͽ׷ɱӲý׷յľµȥϹʥµһػ޵ע⣬ǰ׷ɱý׷ѡħʽֱϾ
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Ҽˡлͷ
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һл̵ʶм˼֡
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һҲסлһָԼλãǰһöɫ񵤣櫵һꡣ
ɫ񵤣櫵һꣿɻĵ
Ѿ˯꣬ڲųֲǧ֮õɫȻǲģлϸ˽͡
ߵ룬ѣ֪ﵽһ磬ͨطǾһ֣ʱ䲻᳤ԶΨеʹӵһķֵҶ櫵˽⣬ѾĻ϶вɸ˵Ŀġ
Ҳô룬ȴ벻͸ʲôлü
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Ҫȱڰл
ֽһЩ顣
лҲǰǸʱһЩ£Ҳ˸̵˽⣬Ժ൱ġ
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ߵķԸлǰ׵λ˫ϥָֻһӡϥϣƽľԪȫķɣǷĵķſΪҪʶУǲȫſ߸޷롣
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ճǵĽֵ֡
ճǣлһʱ䷢˳ڶĸ֣Ҳ֪ʲôǿߣֵ൱ӡ
ĶͨܵЩй©鱨ľ¥ڣеһԶĴлĶС
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һл֪ھȻкܶĴѰԴ֮ĵڶ죬½½дĸֽճǣΪĿľɽ\Ԩĸ֣൱Ķ࣬ʥغаʥأ϶Ҳ˵ֻճǾӪվãԷְˡ
ԽԽãĴʥضУʱ򣬿϶ƻѪ鱾ԭġлԴ˱ʾһӭ
ΨһʧľǣʥǷȻûһǰ
лԴ˸е֮ʣȻһ̶춯ǰһɫǰ
ͣ
ǻɫھлһԶĵϡ


1011  Ӣۡһ
һƣͨðȼŵĻ棬ı죬Ƶһһʹɱġɱ֣·̺һǿ۵ɱУֻһͻܵεػԾ൱µĳ
׷ɱ
δֹ׷ɱһӡ
׷ɱ£⵶񱩾ˡ
ܵľϡ
ʥص׷ɱɳĮ´½ǶĴʣʥسƣȻѪȷ硣
һ㲽ɫ磬һͷںڵĳ裬ķһ˫ڵüëرۣӣл׵λãվڸ߿գ˫ֵƸ߸ϵһ㡣
л˿ڵ
лɫĮȻ
ֵָл޹ɱʥ֮ˣʥؽذδõ׷ɱԴ˿ʥؽչݵ׷ɱֱ׷ɱл飿
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׷ɱǷǰûг֣ܰ㱻һնϣ̺ŵɱҲȻѣһʧӰ١

˳ԾУһĲҽнǾѹ׷Ťͷȥһʵʰĵʮףڵն׷ɱ֮󣬵ҲվԶʥظֵͷ
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һ̣˵ĿУȻǣ֮ǰʱ򣬻Ĵ̼
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ڽֵľ¥棬\ԨݴһĨ΢Ц˫ĶѹЩ̾
лֵ˲ã⻹ǵһμ˾Ȼʥصϣ治֪лӢۺأǳ嶯ءһ¥棬аʥصĸҶҲЦ˳Ա׿úͱлβɱ¥
ֻ߰¥ٶȿлѾûǰĽȡ֮ؼɵ
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Ҷ޷Ǿ˵ССʥǸԺʥؿ⣬ͬаʥǰһʲô˻ҲһСʯӰˣһ߿ǣ԰ɣлЦĵ
Ҷû뵽лȻֱ˵˵һ£ЦʵȷʵˣʥرϾ֮ˣл̫嶯ˣѻʯܲ
ǷѻʯĿԴлȻʥأȻҵиģ
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л֣һ𡣡룬ھһӢ۴ᣬͬԸ̵ı
л΢΢һЦͬŮһ¥ڡ


1012  Ӣۡ
л˵֮ʱ¥Ķ¥ѾգֻλһӣΧżˣһЩվţƺЩŵ˴ĸ֣٣߰ʮˣ¥վˡ
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лӣٺЦҶ֣ɲ԰ʥصҲڣȴҪҺʥصĳͻǾĲɡ
𣿡ҶЦʵ
Ц⣬лһȭһǹģҪԼɳìܳͻѹַŹֳȷӡ
ˣˣһǸñ˴˵ĶԹɡڵڹͬĿ̣
л۽ʼδ뿪ɳĳɳᵽ̡ʱ׽ɳһ˿
˵ɫ
ҶҲٹ䣬Ĭ
лִŻ֪ɣһ޴ܹغ´½ͺ˵
лѪ鱾ԭɣ
л֪ˣȵĵ
ҶЩʥصĸҲ¶Ծ֮ɫ
ô֪ˣ𣿡лĵ
֪ϢʥڱսǿһλܵѪӰѹͨǵĻ㱨ƶϳġҲ˵ʥصˣ˸֪ǡ
лĻ֪ƺҪͰɣǻ̸̸λٵѪ鱾ԭɣ֪һӵеħѪˣֻһߣҲһᱻɱĵħֵġ
Ŀлһۣûˡ
ֻҪƽ󣬲ˣл
л˵ɣ֪ĸڣħ޵뿪ڵķҲǿ󵽷ܹĵزҶ
лҶֿɷ˵㣬ǿĳ̶ȣҪƽ⣿
ҶһʥλѵսԣҪʥǿսַϣҲϣ
Ȼˣα̸Ǹ޷ƽ⡣ɳ峤ߵ
ǻһϣҶ
˶
Ҷĵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ħֳȻйʱֻҪǴܹһ£ܹڸݻ١
ѣ
˶ĮȻ
л֮ǰѾ˺ܳʱˣһֱڿɶû뵽İ취
ҲҪܾܲô׳ɣһЩ˵ĵħѪõԭôȴǵľѡҶߵ
˶أģţΪѵӣлЦˡ
Ϊлı棬ϿڵлӦн취ɣ
ƻڣһ㶼ѡлЦеĵ
˶һ
һĨ⣬˻棿
л֣ɲǿЦʱ򡣡Ҷѵ
л£һῪЦ𣿡
ҶǸл֣ʲô취


1013  Ӣۡ
˶˶䡣
ڵļͳ̶ȣҪʥǿսʲƽ⣬Щ˶ڱУһڶ޷ɻָϡ
ҵİ취лȻ˵
Ĳ˵ɳ̷֧ǽ׷һģֻлû뵽ǣ櫾Ȼ˵𣬾Ȼһ֧аʥڣ֪
ɳܹƶϳ櫰ŵĺֻĺܣָʥڶ̵ҲʥؼпܻᱬѸ˥䣬¼ʶǿʥأвԻ̡
лٲ˵ǺŰɳ峤ɳ˵лٲҪֱ˵Ͼǹغ飬лҪţܹƽڵķɣ
֪϶֪
лЦ򲻴κα飬Цеĵģһ˵Ͼ̵ĸֿܻ֪ӶǰƻǶ˵ˣֻ͸¶һ㡣
ʲôɳ峤ɳѿڶ
ɳϺż֪лЦ
ɳǺ֪ܹıƻĺ˷ܣϾһѪ鱾ԭôһùľɳĮˣҪΪ밡
ɳǰ˰лˣҵõµרѪ鱾ԭķ
ûἰӥԼÿܱ뵽
Ͼһɱ̫ʢû˵ɲʥص˲֪
ʶСΪŷ
õرҶѿھ
ķ
أ
˶鲻ԽĽлϵأҲΪõر
лʼ磬أٺ٣λȻǷḻһǵһ˵أսģȻʱأ˲֪ʥѵ֪ûбأ
µĲرءɳɳ
µģǵķݣлٺЦ̫Сʥص˰ɣǰĶֻҪڵģ϶ûв֪ġ
ֵȷбأл֣ȷõİ취ܹƽڵķ
ȷٷְȷлĵ
ڻһ˿ӥ꣬ǼһǼɱ޳裬ɲǵܹġ
Ȼл˵ǾлϰɡˣغشλӦ÷˴˵ĳɼɣܹȫ֧лְɣ
Ȼʼδڵĳһʾͬ⡣
ͬ⣡
ȫͬ
Ҳ׷ױ̬
Ǿл˵һ°ɣǸϡ
ҿ϶֪һɳĸǰӣԵʱ֣Ǿ;ܵĽ赲ȥ·˻ɱǽ֮ǰҽӴڣˡл˵
򵥣ǵҲ٣ѷɫ̵ġ˵Ҳܵʥصӡģܹɳĸ֣Ҳ̫࣬ս϶ûм
ʥ֪̫ˡ
лֲܹ˵׷һĸֻͻɳһ֪ܲ
ôأ
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߰˸лҲǺںȫܹ£һ࣬ս۷弶ֲѪӡӰ죬ǾĻġ
ˣѾʦ
лԺðһͷڴɳĮŮڷصʱ̸յĴ٣ڵܹʩչľֻһ֣һǳĻľ޴ʩչٶȼӿһЩֻһ취ǾҪʩչڷһЩˮʯ
ˮʯⶫں򶼷ǳټģֻҪһʩչܼӿ죬
л֣ǲǻʲôΪѵĵط˵Ǵһﻮﻮɳ峤ɳ˵
лҡҡͷµ취һ㣬Щģ˸ץס㡣
㣿ɳ
ʲô㣿ܲ𣿡Ҷ
лǿԲȣˡڰ֣㣬̵˾ǵʱ򿴳ҪƻƷһʱҲóģ˵ǻᡣ
Ҷüл֣ͱֲҪ֪˴Ҫԣ˵н취Ǿͱƾ
ֻҪҶָ˵й¶ȥҾ͸ڡл
һ仰Ҷƿԡ
ɳеǸΡ
Ȼл˵ˣ㱻֣ҪƽĻҪƷҲóģӦòΣյģµƽ֮һ˺ѷеɡ˵
лһʲô̸ģûеĻȥƽڵİ취׵ƽѪӡĵ
ǾۼֵǹƽڵķѾа취ˣҲû飬˴˶жԹģԺܿɢˡ
лǰʹ˸ɫ
϶뿪ˣǲûȥǷĵңס˹㳡ϵһҿջ
ûãˡ
л֣ʲôʵ
л˫Ķͨ޶ȵʩչһϢ
ҪݳϷлЦ
ʲô˼ĵ
꣡
лĶ䶯£¶һ˿Ц⣬ѹˣֻҪҵĻ˵ȥǡ΢ߵԭҲᱩ¶
˵껹գգۡ
ܹΪ\ԨʥŮѡ֮һȻǴһӾ֪ˣлڹݸġ
νıˣܾܿǡ̵ˡ
ǰһֲԤСһ˿ĵǣǸоͺһлĴָò˵ٱŮˣⷽ
лǽָָ
ֻΪ䷽˲ãȴ֪лĶͨ
ʲôԤУлװʵ
ܻ̿ҵƽǸֶεİ취л̴֣֪̫ܲԶеħһЩҪ˵Ǹпܡ˵
лЦ㿴ˣҪƽĻҪһǳټĶУҪ١
ʲô

㻹±֪ɣֻܱġ
ҲգҾ͸㣬µƽڵİ취µľǡˮʯ


1014  ʮ۷塾һ
ˮʯ
Բ;֣лʲôӥԲٿأҪ
ʱһˮʯĸ֣ףлŪô飬ʵĿľҪ죬͸¶̵ˣǡæŪһЩˮʯһЩˮʯʩչٷ
ǾϸһĨĵ΢Ц
ˮʯɻĿлɻ֪ˮʯԲлν㣬벻ͨлΪʲôѡˮʯУе⡣
лûǵʱܹۼһٿˮʯΧ׵ķΧڣôеİ취ƻѪ鱾ԭʧȥãôǾʧˡ
һٿ飿Ǿܣ\Ԩܷһóһٿˮʯδ֪Ҫ˵ˡشĺܸɴࡣ
ҾҲǣҸܸǳɹлЦ
ˣҾͷˡʱло֮˵һ˿仯֮Ȼ뿪ˡ
ҲЦˡ
ˡлЦ
̵ˣлͷҲһĨƤЦݣ˵ɣǱˮʯ׸ʲôõģϷˮʯӦ൱İɡ
лЦûܴ󣬲ҪܣʱȻͻ֪ģ϶̺ġ
ʧЦǱģˣΪβʱ˵أ
Ļ˾ͻỳˡлɫ˵ͬһģ̵ˣҪ
ʲô
ȻվǺȻ֮ɫĿл
ûʲô֮ЭģĿǰΪֹŹͬġ
лͽ֪Ĺڽ׷յһ飬ҽɳƶҲ˵˳
ɳȻ̰һ֧ŵĵѹ㵱ʱɳ˶ͷϵշô⡣
лҸж϶ɳ϶̵һ֧ǰ֮¶ɳɳһ޶Ҫע⣬ȵǶֵʱҪԸˣмɳĸ֣һ춯һʱ佫ǽɱԷ谭ж
ãصͷֻǣǲǸ֪ͨҶأϾɳаʥعϵУ˵аʥڲ̵ĸ֡
֪ͨĻֻỵ£һΪǵˡл
ڼţҶˣл൱УҪǣǱǵжԵģаʥذôʱҲаʥܵ޴ʧԣֻкô
⻰еһ
лҶɱ⣬ΪѪ鱾ԭҪжҪֻɱҶпܵġ
ֽһˡ
ǵȴ
ڵȺʱ䵽ʱ򣬰ľޣҪҪ״̬ȡԼڹؼʱ̣״̬ﵽ۷塣
ʱڵȴжȹ
ճҲָյƽ
ĳӿȴԽԽͣ˶оճڵΣǾ֮ˣ׽Ʈŵǹ޵ѹлľˣоѹ
ܶճǡ
ͬģڽճǣЩ˶൱ʵĸ֣ɳ壬ɳˡ
ڴе
Ѫºյһ磬ףлѾ뿪˸Եס׷׵㳡
ͨ˶Ѿߡ
ڹ㳡ǧ׵ķΧڣˡ
ھڹ㳡ġ
һû̫ı仯Ҫһ˵仯Ǳжɢһԣƺħͼڸ
ʥ֮˵ƶϣڱΧŴﵽʮңǿڣܵ൱Ӱ죬пˣԴΧƹ㳡׵ľš˵
׾룬ΧƳȦ׷
ÿһ˶Լıóֲã߲ڵϡ
лվм䣬ӥڣܸӦĵӥڴ˿˿ӥϢ
Ҷҡ
ǶҪлƻڵġ
˵ɳɳɳˣһпΣ˵ʮǿߣ൱֮ࡣ
л϶λŮ
ŮĺǱ桢Ѧˡ
µƽ취׼𣿡Ҷ
лͷһо
˶˵Ҳ۾
˾γһĻ棬Χǧ֮ڣȴѻȸÿһ˶ľܰ㡣
лʼԼ״̬
׺Һ̬ľ
ǿ޷ȫӳˣȻ˵ģҺ̬ľߵİ֮£Ȼһʩչ籩Կֲġ
С
¶ڽ͡
ǹ㳡γɵǹɳƵѹȴԽԽǿңԪڸ߿վҵķƷ
лȫȥ·һ˿Ϣ
ķſҵı֡
ҵҶͳһۣӶԷп˾Ⱥֹܹؼʱ̣˷ɣ
Ϧ£һĨߡ
Ҳʱһ˿仯
棬ԭͼĺˮȻˮɫĹⲨڣ󺣵
ڵĻͼҲһ㣬ĴһĻ򷢳ž죬·衣
ӥƶƮݣһ˿˿ĵ˸ţ֮󣬱㻷ӥΧĺ
ڷ˱仯ԲҲˡ
ԭҪҲŻữΪѪɫģȴͬϦ£Բ¼̱һ㵭Ѫɫӳţҿûһǡ
ҪˡҶ
սһ
ҲЩš
϶桢Ѧɳȵȣ۾ŵġ
ܶĶð
ǿл״סˡ
лԾƽȺһ̶ˮûһϢ
ֻһͷǾǡ


1015  ʮ۷塾
ҹ紵
㳡ڽ˵Ϊţӿ죬ѹֵĸ
ӽҹʮʱεմ
Ҫˣ
Ҳ֪˭˵һ仰̼䣬еıͳͳʣ˶׿ʣغԺ෢չҪһۣҪʼˡ
лҲ
·ѵħޡ
˲䣬˶еһȵлһЩɵĿȥ
쿴ϡ
֮Ѫӡ𣿡
Ȼһľ˵˼
Ƿ׷׿ȥѪɫԲºգѪɫĹԣڸ߿ղ֪׵ĵطֵõѪɫĹ߱˴˽棬֯һ磬ظһεɢ
֮ı˵ѪҺ
֮Ѫӡ˼壬ǾǶࡢħ޵һѪķӡҪ⿪ȻѪı仯
ÿһ˶ܸеѪҺܿƵķˣ̼ܵ㣬ǵľĶѪҺٲûмӿ죬ֻͬˮ㣬·ʲôڿʼգ˵

һȻڵ·
űڵħ޵ͼģͼйеѪɫͼ򲻶ϵ
ؼԪҵĲţ·ҵйһ㣬͵Ѫɫͼӿȥ
ǰ֮󣬾ڳʩչҲѴﵽ㹻Ԫ֮ѪɫԭʵĲֽĸֳȻһԲ£ֻԲħ޵Ӱ
ˣˣˣ
Ƶͬ޶
ˮ桢׵ٿȻԲµУԲĵߡǡӥͼ棬ǿȥͬ˵еͼڡ
ݣݣݣ
ͼΨѪɫԲ֮ڱӿž˵ԱһѪɫĹֱ
Ѫ³졣
ѪģħͼҲޱȵʵͬʵĴڣȫһʱˮΣ죬׵졣
ʼˣڿʼˣҶĵ
ս֪Ὣ֮Ѫӡ忪ʲô̶ȡ
߳ɣҶ
Ҳδأǻħ˵ľѣĿնһ߷ӡҾãӦܸߴųɣʱǵʵ޵۷壬㹻ǿߣٶȽѪӡȫƳӴعϹʱĻԻ͡
˵ĶԻлǷһ˿Ц⡣
˭˵ĶиԵĵ
µѪӡǿ˸޷֪һԶ϶֮Ѫӡĸڽ⵽ƻ޷ȫƳֻҪ㹻ʱ䣬ʮ꣬꣬ǧ꣬Ѫӡᱻƽ⡣
ֻ⵽ƻ֮ķչǹؼ
лĿ侫⣬Ÿ߿յı仯
֪ǷܵǣлеԼĶҲһɱ뺷ǣ֮£Ѹ͵ӿ
䡭
Ѫ·һеĺЯ׸߿յѪɫ߽ɵײȥ
˵Ķ
ǲˡ

ۿѪ¾ҪѪɫײѪڶȻһǿɿƵأѪɫҵĲ
ǳ
䡭
Ѫ˵ע£صĺѪɫ档
ǿѪɫǵĳ߿ƮƣѪɫҪǡ
һʱ߽סˡ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һ˻ը졣
Ѫڵħ޷׷׷ѪºȻը޴˴˽Ӵ
䡭
ıըѪɫ䱬ըбѿ
ѵѪɫ綼̺ǿûʧѪ±ըΪģΧ
ֻգ۵Ĺһ޴бˡ
ֱǧס
ΧǧѪɫƣ𵴣ƺֲУΨһĿֺ
ؼʱ̵ˣ
лҲ·ܵǣ㣬ٿȻ䣬Ƶأ񶼱
򣿣
ͷһĨϲʱ򣬾ȻΪһĻôһɹʮ۷弶ɱѪ鱾ԭ൱оǣʮĶ򣬶սʱҲŷǳİһĻ򣬵ʱȫлζս֮󣬴ﵽڵһʱɾս۷弶ģʶЩ˷ܡ
ѹлϲлȫ
Ҫͻƣ
ʱ䣬лı仯϶ᱻ˶ע⵽ģڲͬϵһսĪ⣬ͬһ㣬ȴϵش󣬲Ҳ֪ʱ϶ȫʱȻȥŴǿ񻰰ĴսУһЩġ
ʶ˷лȻѾʼͻơ
вϵתγǿ˺ֹΧǧѪɫ
ǧѪɫ֮Ѫӡ
ֻҪٵӡ㳹׽
෴бĨɱӡĴڣʶܶҲڵпܵʧ
ռײ
˵ѪҺڵԽԽÿһҲоѪһ㵭ѪɫⲨתţڵѪҺƺʲôڲϵسѪɫⲨӡ
һж߿֮ϵı仯ǳơ
ħô
԰óˣôõĻᡣ
ЩѾѹֵĳܲסˣ׷׵Ľ
ҶҲе˽ţȻƻ˻ħ˽׷յĸҲΪ׷һƾ̣ȻܹɨƽʥأӶħռ˼磬ƽѪӡҲǷǳֵ֧ġ
䡭
Ѫɫϵӿͬޱ߼ʵĴˣϵһһС
ܵ˹ĳпʼСļ
һСƺ޷ˡ
˵Ķŵɤˡ
лȫУ˵ľ޵·ϵܵʵ仯
Ǹڱѹ
СֻԭһС֮лĶҲ͵ıھڣѸ͵ı
ʼʮ۷弶ǿ
䣡
ѹһĳ̶ȣȻ˵һӱ㽫Ѫӡɢ
һӷŴ˽ʮ
ҲѪɫɢһ˲䣬޺ͬʱճΧңԶʴ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
޺ա
յѪɫֱѵơ
ӴӰҲ˵Уųǧﶼܹ˸оֲֿѹȸУչ֡
ʱˡ


1016  ʮ۷塾
ߴɳĮŮڳ䳤ǧףأͨɢˮɫĹⲨˮɫƬų貵ĹΣؼߵԼαıţ׸ѸٵķŴһ˫Ӵ۾˸˵Ĺ⻪
Х죡
Ҳǧ֮ߣͨɫëⱻѪɫʵؼ䣬Щۣ⻬ƤëƯӿŨص棬ܴƣſѪ죬ؼϵĻ۹ȥ
Ҳֱһ㡣
ӥ᰿裡
ħȣӥԵΨл֪ħУӥʵǿұħǿĲһ㣬ħĳ˯УǻججĵȴӥȴѹԼףͼγףȫʢףƽӡֻϧײģлģ޷Ӧá
һɳӥѡ
ףԪôûˣ
ˣ
ħ޳ߵģ˶

ҶҲ˺Ȼ
Ԫ⣬Ƿǳƽģ±ߣҲԪ⣬ƽ⣬ھȻطԪ˵ʲô˵ħ޳˷Բ֪ԪΪá
֮ħ̺Դﵽ˿ֲ۷塣
бѪɫӡʱ򣬱ǿܣħƿ̳ѪӡأħǳӰĵ
ӦԼѪ֪ˡҶ
оѪӡ
α仯ͬԵѪ仯һ޶ġ
Ǳ׷׵Ĳ鿴ԼѪ״ǷӡѪһѪɫⲨѺۣбļǵѪҺҲԽԽҰ·ֵҰڷıҪء
𣡡
һ˻ء
ȽӴѪɫؿռŤ޾ֱӳѪɫڣҪѪɫ顣
л侫ƺڣҲġѪɫУߵĽؿֲĶѹ
˲ͬʩչ츳ǿлٿҺ̬Ƶء
ţлľҲߵĽ
㲨Ҳ֪ǷΪѪɫ̫Ӵֲ̫̫ǿʢлǾþȫֻܼʮ֮һҺ̬Ȼȫеں
Һ̬жǿ
ǾħȫľҲĲֻ࣬л޷ٿذˣϾľǵϹʥܹϹʥһսĽɱ֮һľںϣټϣɾµϵ֪Ѿﵽ̶ֳȡ
ӥĹƣȫӳѾԽɱľܴﵽĸ߶ȣ֮Һ̬ľͬǿľʶ˵Ϲʥе٣ܹϹʥʿһġ
ҲӥΪʲô˵лܹɾϹʥϾԭ
ֻ˰Һ̬л޷ٿضѡ
˷Ѫӡ̼Ĳγɵǿ֪ģֲǿᡣ
ˡ
лҺ̬̼ܵ𶯣ʹԭƻеݱ䷢ƫ룬˱仯һʱ㱻վڹ㳡һ߲ˡ
ߴһϮǧǳƮͺǳ˸Ⲩɷǵζ
ߵվĴ֡
ǶʮӣǵĶͷ϶ɳ峤ɳһͼ
ϣںһɷǳǿǰƵġͷͼеһȥĸֵ
˸âУǳǿҹǿˡ
˻
˶һ
ϣѵѵȽ󣿡˵
šҹ΢΢һͷ
ɫˣôܣȻҲܵѪӡķգǻܹ߶ĵʹѪҸӦ̺ۺ̶ȵġ
Ҫ֪Ѫ鱾ԭԽ֮ĸѪΪģҽҲֻǸݴмƣ֪ʲôҹл˵
һ£漴ϲϵ˼˵ǣǽ֮ĸ̵һνľ
ӦòģҲΨеһνӵкѪڻоӡҲǿԵģȻã˭ӵ˿ֲҹзʵ
ˣһˣĻѪӡпȫĻ㲻κ½򶼽Ϊ̵¡ܵĵ
ҹеĵô࣬Ϊʱ磬ɳ峤ϵˣ
峤ʮѸϵ׼һٿıˮʯȻлƻڷļƻա˵
ãɳ֣ǲܹûڣܹл֮ˣͳͳնɱҹĵ
ȻΪʲôɱлµġ
ҹߵ֪ģҪʡ
ŵŵˡ
ΧΣڼӾ硣
һжڵȴǳѪӡ
Ϊĸµľӡл֪ľȫҲȷԼе㺧Ȼ
ֻǲûзı˵ҲǷӳɵѣˣӲǽǧѪɫ𶯵Ĳϳһѷ죬ЩǱʧˡ
л֮Ҳơ
˹ܹٿأʲ£˭Ƕ֣
ֻϧʮ֮һƿزˡ
𣡡𣡡
Ǻӥ̳ѪɫڣǱ˵ƻѪɫ
лҺ̬ĲƻٶҲĶࡣ
䡭
һĺͬ
һƬƬѪɫʼɢ
ٶȺܿ죬Ҳ٣Ѫɫʵ̫̫ˣҲǱˮнѣħ޵ľ޴
𣡡
һ޺𴫳
ΪȻз𵭵İˣӹħޣɨлǹɶľ
𣡡
֮ٶȳХ
žͿѸ͵ıҲٵı
ҪԱ
𣡡
Ҳ춯صĺС
Ӵڸ߿Ѹٵţһ˫۾޾
ҲҪԱ
ħͬʱԱΪֲӥȻҲ⣬ֻӵ侲ûаˣûкڣƽķŴԼչڻ˵лƵʱӡ
һ
˻
Ȼ䣬ӥһ˻
䣡䣡䣡
ħ޵ϴ
˹𵴵лҺ̬ҲȻһƬˣƺҪγˣȴûֻһ£ȴǧѪɫӡͳͳĳ˱ѣС޷
䣡
ڴͬʱл΢΢һ
ͻƣ
Ҳħ޵Աǿƿʮ۷弶ľ硣
һ࣬ۻĶڵӿѸٵת澭Խ֫ٺļĳӡ
ʵһ
һ棬лʮ۷弶ٿ׵Ҳһɶ࣬ﵽĳɵĵزսʱ׷ӵؽ֮Ŀֲ
бǾ
Һֲ̬̫֮ǰлǿܿưٷ֮һߵ츳ٿҺ̬ﵽ˽ʮ֮һ񾳽ͻƣٿҺֱ̬ʮ֮һ
ۺսлǾͲһˡ
ս
лǷһ˿Ц⡣
սȻȤˣս۷弶һսĳ嶯аǿǴﵽս۷弶ʵȻս۷弶жǿǳϤ
սս۷弶


1017  ս춷ءһ
ħ޵Ա˵Ĺޡ
ǳڵʱ򣬾ѾעĽֻ֣˱׳ѡԱ俪ѹ峤֮õ֮ѪӡǸһֱ׳УҲԶѪӡԹޣˣǵħһͳ½
춯صĺ𵴵ľѺۡ
𶯵·ĴϣеʧȥʧȥӾһ̣ǵǰһƬɫ
˽ʮӡ
ʵǿĸֲǿָӾ
ıըʧˣֻ紵ưܵĿ֦ҶճǼž
һжԵǰİ
УѪɫʧ첼ǳ˸貵ĹâһԲ¹⻪ԵòǰѾûѪɫ
ؼƮŨŨԪ
ԭؼԪҲ൱Ũ񣬿ȣȫһʹʥ򷢳һϲĻ
ΪڵԪŨ̶Ⱦͬʹʥһ
Ҳ˵ԪŨʮӦģ˵ٶҲ֮࣬ÿһ˶Լٶȡ
Ӵ֮ǰѡ
ͬʱܶ˿ʼоԼѪûиоرı仯Ƕ֪һ˱仯ǰʵѪڵķӡѾõ൱̶ȵƽ⣬ɵƽ⵽ʲôزȴ֪
֮Ѫӡ˶أҶĵʱ̣ûġ
˰ɡ
δءҶüаʥǿսʵԤƣܹƽ⵽ųɵĻԪӦܹӽʮӵֻǽӽʮɣ˵ĻǾֻɶһЩǣɡ
ҶֲҪˣճ֮ǰǱħǿгԪȫģӦøоˣԪǿȻܻЦ
ҶǶԣֻҪɣǾƻ֮ѪӡĸֻҪ߷壬һɼƽ⣬Ҳѣ֮Ѫӡȫƽ⣬ֻʱˡ
һꣿꣿ
ʮͿˡлڵ
ͬʱŤͷл
ҶлǲǷħԱ֮󣬿ЩʲôԲ˵ʮܹƽ⡣
ûУֻһָолûش
ƾǰľӦһЩ仯Ǿ֮ѪӡûȫƳǸѾ׻ٵԺ󲻹ƣǷӡҲʱţؼġ
Ҷͳһۣлƾожϵġ
ֻڲ̸ʱ
Ѫ鱾ԭǹؼеĹؼ
ΣϾҪʼ
λȻˣɡлƮ˵УΨһƮ𽫽һ׵ĸ߶ȡ

ЦУڹ㳡󷽣Ӱڿշ졣
Ӱͬȳ档
Ϊ׵ǳҹУԭĴֲδϾͼɵģɳΪ׵ɳֻаʥص˳ġ
񱩾лҹЦ
лĵӦеȨ˰ɣ
ô֪ģҹԭЦģлһ仰ϵʱһĨ㵣ŨŨɱ⡣
ܼ򵥣о̰ճǵľݵ㣬֮Դڣ޷ǾΪûѪ鱾ԭġЩжϣ֪Ѫ鱾ԭʱлѾ뵽ˡ
ƶϵһû֪һ㣬أǵʵ̫ˣ޷ٵڵģҪѪϴҹе

ߵ
ҹаȻս۷弶Ķ֣֮ӿǿ
εѹȿǱȵսȷǿĶࡣ
һӾóƿԡ
ս۷弶Ѫ⵽ƳȻûܵӰ죿Ҷ
Ӱ죿̽ͨ鷳˵ֻǾ֮͡ҹдЦ
⻰Ǵǿҵİʾ
ǾΪ൱ս۷弶ִڣӶӰлһ״̬ӶӲǿս
˵ĻΪʲôֻһ涼¶ս۷弶ִڣл
ҹĿһ䣬㾹ȻܹӦĴڡ
޷һû¶󱲰ˡл
ڿҹЦϣҵҪһлʲô˿
лҹݣ
˫ڵĶš
ȴǴսĿʼڵδͷϣ˭֣ನģʱ˭ǱĶ
ڵѾûͼ
ȥǾ͸ˮѡ
ǡ
㳡Ҳζ
ͿһĹⲨƵأֳÿһ㣬Ǿһš
Ƭ̣㱻ͳͳĸǣɢһ˿鶯Ϣֻл̺һ˿΢ѪȵϢ
ǡڱмΪĵ㣬תЩҲԽԽǿҡ
ˢ
ܵսŵĸȾȻܲˣһȥ
䣡
ת棬ʱһһӽ˸Ĳʣ
ΣЩЩ뷨˶ͣ
Ƿ׷׿ڡ
תѾʼ£ˣûһڱ㿿һ𣬱ԵഥһΡ
ˣڲֹͣת
ԭӥȶƶءء춯ӳһ
Ҳ貵ĹâѸٵĸǾ޴ڣʹڳΪһһ޴ͼγɡ
Ѫ鱾ԭ
ҲʱȻŵ˫ɱŨҡ


1018  ս춷ء
ںһѪ鱾ԭ͡
ŵľҲ֮ơ
ɱ
һͳŭȣ׺
̵ĸǺһ±㸩ȥһʱ䵶⽣ӰݺնҵĴսĻ
лһҲ⣬ȫַ
սһʼ˰Ȼ
ಣ
սлĿǻһڣƻ̵Ŀ꣬ʶȻ֣ܳʩչٶȣɱȥ
Ƶ磡
ٶȵļޣ
׵ľȫʩչٶ֮£Ǿգ۵Ĺ򣬱ܹﵽڰ׾룬ǾȪ·
䡭
춯
Ҳʩչġ붯׵۶뱳ȶٶҲޱȡ
ԵҶȻʩչ񷡱ͬĳٶȡ
һ֡
ֹǰлٵڡ
϶ûκζʼվʹϣΪѪӡδƳǰͳɾʦ̱ɱĶ֮һҲǴ˴սʤϣ֮һ
ʦȣǿ֣Ѿʼ͵͵һ
СǰͼٵڣǿЦҹЦ
лȫٱۣҲˡ
ս۷弶ԶսܱģѪӡƽ֮ǰǽӽǿĴڣʵεȾˡ
һҹб㣬ǿգȥĿֱָлˣٶȿ죬ͬֻһ´Խʮֵ̽ĸֱּնɱҺ谭ٶȣңң̧֣ץ
ָһץ㽫ǰ
𣡡
ֵһ˲䣬һٻ¡
غܾõǿƳ
һǿеѹƵǧӲ𵴵ĸĴӿеȥҪĿ꣬ս۷弶ҹС
һڵ㱩

ҹоһæܡ
䣡
ǹըҹһԺɳȥϸǳһЩ˿ڣ߲Ѫģ
ѸٷŴ
ӴڰգݺХˮ˳켤еص㱩¶ɣ

Ȼõˣʵôǿ
һ˫۶ҹУ֮ĵһսսԾԾԣս
ҹел˵ĳ֣ȵ֣ʱ
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һ˻Ȼɳ峤ɳĿз
ͬʱɳֶͷϵͼ貵ĹâǷ׷׵תĿɳĸ֡
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ȵ
Щʼɳִһ\ԨĸҲڵһʱתͻأɱɳֵı
ۡ
һƬѪȷ磬͵Ϯɳֲִ̼ʧĳ֮࣬ɳɳ˷ܵһӱ㵡
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Ůɳָˡ
ߵս˰Ȼ
ҹе˻ѪսлǱߵģĺУǰе;УһƬ貵Ĺл˺֮ˡ
ʮշ
һ֣Ҷɫ䡣
ڻлǰ壬ı仯ɳת䣬Ȼɳ嶷֣𵴵ĸ
ʮӰա
ÿһ˵Ķͷ϶ͼռڸ߿ʮλãÿ˵˫ֶǸ߾ġ
ͨһзʽһƬ״״ɰԲΣͬһֻӴӿе
״棬ÿ׾ͻһɢ貹âգģɳͷϵͼһ޶
ʮշطˣһУڷӡ֮УҶɣʮֱһϵӰ
ɳҶ
ɳ峤ɳ
֪ɳˣŤͷлǱòͣ£Ȼڽߣȴ޷
лĵͷͼģǶǽ׷һµ׷վǻħˣµ֮ΪǸδõħ֮ǰģǾӵеħѪĻѪԵģͷ϶ͼʶҿɳʱҲŻѯʹɳ
ɳ˸ճͷ϶ûͼſʼеģɳ˵ԼŪȥģݵȫΪ̵ŭߵ
Ҷϼһ鶯
ⲻǷŭǵģнš
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һңǺ롣
Ҷ룬Щаʥصɳˣаʥڵ˽ϺѾûͼжǵأ
аʥط·Σˡ
ɳҪɱ㣡ҶĽеľ
ɳӵɨһۣս۷弶ʵȷҶвעĻл
Ȼ֪ɳܣⰡɳ˵䣬ҲûţóһкҴСһɫĵʹģĿռָʼС
ںһ൱ĿֲһĿռָ޷ܡ
ϾڵѪ鱾ԭ櫵ĸףʹѪΪģͨĿռָ޷ɡ
ӵöʹռָɳҲûɵĽ룬Ҫնصӡ
Ļֹڴˡл粽ǰȥ
Ҫƿʮշ
л֣Ҫ׷ˣʮշǴ򲻿ġҶȻŭ޲óɱȥԾǡ
ڡʮշ˽⣬йˡ
ȥҪ˵ˡ
סҡлĵ
ҶЦл֪⡮ʮշ֮Ƿ˵ʮʮ۷弶սʩչģʮʮʩչģսǿҲƿģлֵҲ޷˺ġ
ôл
ǳʮʩչҪս۷弶ȫпƽ⿪ģҲֻпܣЩûľ˺ҶįĵֻĿɳ峤ɳȡڡ
л˺ζų԰ɡ


1019  ս춷ء
ʵʮ۷徳磬ǼлԶԣء
ôʮշ۶ɵ
ɱʮһ˼״ȵ
֮ͿйɵʮƵԴһȻɱȥǱһ档
Сģսľ磬ɳ峤ϣҶͺ
ͬ춯ӿ̺ŷһеܡ
лǷһ˿Ц⡣
ޱظӦ̺жǿҪ˵ɱûвĵز֮ɳ峤ӦøոսãԶЩսܳʱǿߡ
ˣսϾսҲ൱Ŀµġ
Ҷͳɫأû˿Ӧ˶ʱֹ֣׼
ž
лǰȥײָ̧͵˳ȥ
䣡
һԼдĴָϸ׵ȥ
ף
ǷӳĳףȻֻĳɣɰӥ˵ʮ㹻ɱһսʼˡ
׵Ϭޱȣĸֱֵ͸
䣡
һѵĺը졣
Ȼ飬ǳ׵ѣʮչɵķ˶ѣֵɳ峤ĲҽһһѪ󵹷ɳȥ
Ҳ٣Ҷɴ۾ŵıһֿڡ
ΪаʥһĺӵܣҶɳ˽Ƿǳǳģ˽⡰ʮշǿ֮
Ȼôлһָһա
ʮһգܿ˵
ֻأɱɳ峤ѪУ˻ĸолĿֲһе´˱ɱ
Ŵͬŭ
ǵѸٵı
պգӶһҺɱȥлһ·ߡ
лٺһЦ⡮ʮշǡһȥ˫֮˸貵ĵ⣬׸ǣֱץϸĹ磬һУ㱻˺һ϶ֱӴԽ˹ȥھԵٶ֮£޷תγκһ򶼴ﵽǿĵز
ҶͳҲǾĺܡ
ǿл˺϶չд½ǿ֮һѷֺ֮ǰ˳ȥ
⣡
ɳ峤ϿٶȻӶ˫֣ͷųǿ۳һգʮյľ档

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Ҷ֣֡һһʮ۷弶л
ף
û⣡
Ƿ׷׳˵ʵ޷սɱϾŶ϶նɱʮ۷弶ûжġ
˵ĿʮУʵ
ֻҪɵôʮշ㳹׵ı
·ɳ峤Ц
㣡л¶һĨɱЦݣ֮͸еȫ̹ǣ·ǡ
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лһΣٶ̫죬ԭһӰѾһ
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лһն£ͬҪٵһ㣬𵴣Դһе̬նȥ
䣡
ͼĹ
û˿ͣͣǹն֮£Ȼ飬裬׵ȫսֵǿ

Ĳҽдɳ峤ϵĿзٵĵ֮£һΪ룬ʬࡣ
սǿߣһնɱ
лһʮշ߽⣬ǸҶ˵һּ
ϣٵڡ
ɱ峤ϡ
ƴˡ
Ҷͳסʮ۷ǿߣߴַһɱȥ
лһЦλζһ̣ǵΧ׾ٵľȥˡ

ûкЩ˾Ȥ
Ȼ棬پĻɳ峤ɳܹʹռָȥˡ
ǵİΧлһ֡
л㻹ƻڲɣɳЦ
ȻлЦ
ɳЦˣ
ЦգͿ㳡ϱĸ򣬶ȻӰɳĴϡ컢롢챪
ֵּܻ䣬ƫƫıɫĹ˸衣
ˮʯлͺȵ
ûû뵽ɣ㵱̸׶ģЩӣΪ˾ۼЩˮʯҿɷѿİɳЦˮʯڣҪʹõνİ취Чˡ
лЦˡ
Цʲôɳеһ˿

лЦԽԽǿ𶯾ҡΣ𶯵ĴضҡΣ𶯵ɱߴѪӿ
ɱǿҵĲɳеһ˿´
ߴͬʱ
лȴǿҲûгֵֵֻǻ̧ңң׼ڡ
ء
һıը
зŵˮɫıˮʯͳͳıѣһŨˮӿڿС
һöѹǹɱ
ؼӿһս۷弶ɳҹСеĪĻţ־塣
Դ
ͿʼˣʱֻޣҪ߷൱ѣ˷бˮʯ̳͡
ֹҹп
Ҫɱȥסȥ·
ʮ̵ĸ׿ǵĶ֣׷ɱȥ
վż
϶񹭹ң㽫վż˳ȥ
𣡡
·ƿնȥ
Ǿ֧ռŵЯ棬˲佫Щ̵ĸָˣһıɱ
ʮ̵ĸ־ôɱˡ
Ҳ΢£ˡ
ĺˮ䣡߾ʦȣ԰ǵʦȣá
һ⣬ձ㸡һε
ˢ
뿪һɱлߴɳϿգһɳۼ򣬻һĿֱָҹС
һֳ
ֹʽڳ˾
䡭
ۻϡ
޴ıըʹƬض˻С
Ƭ֮һлָ
ٿ˵ľһɳܼеɳͳͳʧǽսԸʥصĸãű֪ôûˡ
ɱлߴɳֻ֣ʣƬѵڿз裬ߴҲټ
ΨҹڣҲ棬ͷģϻһ˿ɭɭʧȻͨĳֶԼġ
֮ǰս־ôˡ


1020  ս춷ءġ
ߴɳֱɱ谭л
쵰㾹ȻƭңˮʯΪʩչģɳɳױŭˡ
лΪ̫޴ˣƾǵ˵ǿЦ
˵䣬
һ˿˿ӿ
ȥɣлֽ˳ȥ
ڷ˫Ҳܹƽ⣡ɳ
ಣ
һӰð
ȻϹʥʱɱ޳ӥһˣüɱССڶƻˣһкȥˡ
ɱɱɳӶҪɳˡ
ģ赲ҲҪڲ𻵣ҹÿӥðӰ
ɳη˫־ָ̫Ѩ档
Ƕͷϵͼâҫ
Ҫǿһ赲ĺɱڡ
˻
ӥȻһ˻汬һ貵Ĺ⻪Ȼͬռ˲Ƶأһӱ㵽ڵǰ档
죬쵽ɳĹûʱ䷢ȥѾˡ
Ǳ仯ɳЩɵ
ߣ
ײڵʱһģӰ֣һĿƻ񼶱ľŮˣ䱳һԺɫţģӰ͸ѹ
ʹ
̵һͨռ϶뵽˼ĵʹ櫵ĸףӡΪռһֱػڣҲѪ鱾ԭĸڡ
Ҫֹڣƻôһ˿֤Ҳ׵ʧ
ݣ
ģصʹһڵֱҪݻ١
𶯵ԲǧڵĿռ䶼Ť
ȻȻ̵һҹЦҾ˵ʱӴ̵һ˭ôǿ˼ػڣ˭Ҳ޷ƻ̵Ѿɱ⣬ʤǵġ
ɳֵܣҲ˷ܵؿ
ԭΪģû뵽Ȼ
󱯵ϲľȶҲԿ֮顣
𣡡
ӥ״һ˻ҲҪ߷ǿǵѾݻٵûжȻɺӡ
ֻɲһҲҹвЦ߳ɵӡʹЦ
϶ӵȡ
ĵħ
ǡǡ̼һˣǾл
Ȼл̼ܵҺ̬ľ֮Ѫӡ޷лҺ̬ȫȴ̼ıŭˣˡ
⾫ڳ֣Ϊлľںеʹ櫵һ˿ӡǼɱ죬ǶǶԵħűɱѾǵĹڡ
ʱֵĵʹӡǡǡĵʹ
ùǣӡûжģеľǾǴ߷лҺ̬ӡ

лֻеԼʶˣֲֿԼҪȻ̫ǿˡ
ɾûɢ
ֻǾҵ
žһεĻӿڡ

ҪɱӥĵʹȻһļ¶֮ɫȻĶл㣬㣬ղŰħ޺Ѫӡ˾㣡
һ˻ȫ̼ѻȸ
˷ܵؿҹС˷·𱻵Ѩ֨һӣͣԭЦݶӲˡ
ǲЩǵʹĻ޵ķʸҲûбҪôΨһĽͣģ
֪̫ˣɣлȵ
ʶеľı
žͿǵʹӡ˻УģӰøӵİ

һεֱ˺ˣĺɫɢؼ䣬˵ʹ
ɳҹе˴
ܵڸǳһѺۡ
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òڣҽҪҹҪȫɱ
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ҶͳһۣȻնɱԶ֣ٵĺˡ
л֣ɳӣҪϷʥأȥ㲢սˣ¡Ҷ˵꣬ڿնȥ
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лĿӹˣЦеĵɱⳡսҲ͸ýˡ


1021  ս춷ء塿
лĻɳֶһ漴Ц
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ľİѴ֮£˺֮һնȥ
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лѡ
ĵһĿֵ챪˳ɱȥҲȻ֣챪ȥͺ˶ǳԷɲǼҪѾ˶Էǰ
ݣ
л֣ɳѾճ
һмлĺ󱳣ֵΪԼΪҪֹлߺͲȡս
лһ˿Ц⣬Ķ֮ͨ£ɳٶ֮ǰѾˡ
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£лġ籩һ˵ϯء

һŰĿγɡ
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ǵľڲܿƵ궯ӿ죬Ϣȣһվϵĸо
ĪĿ־ǵͷ
ˢ
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㳡һƬ档
Σɳ̴ɳʥصĸҲȻߣﻹе¡
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֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻս۷弶ϸֶûΪѪӡڴﵽһ֮ǱѪڵǵʵؽδһõȫļ
ʥغ̱˴˵ӡҲΪ֮Ѫӡ⵽һƽ⣬ʧȥЧãǽܵԼܹɳ룬бͬʥЩϹʱڱ㱻ӡսʼϵǿǣҲڲõδܹӱ߳
Ľ塢һǡ֣ԼʥǣʮɾųưԴ½ӴƱؽδһս
һоһΪʼ㣡


1022  壬䡾һ
ս֮ĵڶ죬˱ֱˡ
Ȼع˺\ԨǴ˷ȥŹغ\Ԩδ飬Ƿ\ԨͬҲйغδҪ飬õһöʯΪʥŮϣŰٷ֮ʮ
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Ψʥǣû˵̵ˡ
лҪıսߣ֤ЩԴģҪȫʵ
Ψ㹻ǿʵܹıһƬԼء
ҪǿѪ֮ǰʵлѡǱԼĵ·
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Ѱұɱȡ޳ɽճ壬ֻҪɣԼܹڴﵽһǳĸ߶ȣʥĺôҲǵܹٱѸҪԭ֮һ
ѵЬ࣬лŽѾӣǼȡ֪µɳĮУɳӳޱȣ̵ɽ˿졣
ѵףֻһл׼һ򣬾ɳĮȥ
һƬߵɳĮУ£ҹ紵£һӰŶУôʮʱ䡣
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ûпǹȥרǼˣΪʥԭĶҲÿ춼Ըٳɳţʥص֮һרڶ൱ĺôٶȿһǧݡ
лһֻعʹʥϵĸо
ÿնԾ˵ٶţ·һ磬սˡ
ʮĿޣлеҲڷٵţѾ൱ĽֻǾһĽճƺ൱һξ롣
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֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻض򣬸дˮסĴڵסĳ֣ףһ仰Ҫʶ´½
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ΪΣл
ǵһ˵˴İ취
ɱӵĲˡ
ߺյʹĵΪ壡


1023  壬䡾
壿ƺǸְɣл
ߺյ͸ŨŨĺ⣬Σ콵˭죿
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ҪʱңԶʴһأƫƫһصȻ΢ȴӲȻʮ۷弶лĸӦ
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һ鿴Ʋ۵ʯ飬Ȼų֮ĳ¶ȣлǾӽ״ģڻʶ̶ȱЩõĻ֮ҲҪǿĶࡣ

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1024  ջһ
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Сֵܶжоߺյʵ
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ߺյԾĿлػָƽһ˿εı飬һˣûûҹĿޣʵܴﵽлѾǳˣܹʱо䣿
š
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ΣߺյһΪлҪ֣æˣҪȥʵл̫ˣһ棬ոնһ£лָѾš
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1025  ջ񡾶
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Ҳ˵Ǿжţ紫ţɳĮµĵط֮һ̶ֲȱаʥغʥ˿ԭ콵׹γɵһƬĴڣҲΪʹɳĮΪ˹ϵĵطʷкܶ˶ɳĮȡһֻ߼ġ
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ϸһ˿ˣˣΪɳġ


1026  ջ

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1027  ׻֮䡾һ
л˵ؼĹؼǴܷʥǣΪƾʵȫԼ߳ưµĵ·
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ϵл֪ħ˵ô𣿡
ϲ˵һûע⣬ѩƺ˵ǣ˳ˣ磬˼ͨͱϹʥʸӡȻǲܵġлŷ֪һЩУҲìܵĵطΪûʲôҪԣҲû⡣
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ǣҲǿԳɹģڹؼʱ̣ħڳһʹʱؼʱ̵һЩǿ߸նɱʹһҪʱЩӡͨĸڵշЩҲȷһЩ˱ˣ⵽ߴΧˣЩ峹ױ壬еĸ־ͷ䡣˵
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ϿЦˣҪߴģǱϾѾ־ɥֻʣһСˣû֮ǿߴ嶼ҰĲҪȡͳΣɾͰλһеĵ䡣
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лѹֱѩһûԼԣǡ֣ǱôһĵЦҲƵҪˡʱлòǸ櫵ĸףʹ֮ˣֻһ˼磬ȴʱǿˡ
˵ĵҲĵ䱾ǵħ緢ģħǸ˵ģĵǡǡǸ˵ΪģԲĵ˵
˵ֻҪܹõϿɣǾͻʥˡлЦǺǵ˵˷ܵġ
ϵܷõģлǱսʽйܹ֮ͨõһԲοĴ𰸡
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ʱлԵĸоһˮȫ˶еһˬҲѡ
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Ȼһ޴ӡ
ӱϣðŻǵĻɫʯ飬ץģ൱Ķ࣬һЩ棬
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лЦܸоĵЩѾʼɱˡ˵ţĿһת·һɳʯֻһ϶ĵطȺҪһֻԽĴˡ
ŶģϾϲ
лЦһ㣬һѻɵɳʯɢˣǸ϶¶һֻ̡
ֻ̺ǲͬǻɫģīֻһ˫۾ǻɫģرۡ
ʣϲȷĵ
ӦòܸоĲͬҪĻϵӵĴ⡣л
¶ϲ֮ɫˣ̫ˣ̫ˣֻҪɳǾսʼĴڰ
лսʼôߣҲսѰ
ЦûȫɳأȫɳӦܹﵽ׼սʼģֻҪһʣͻᵮĵֻȵԭǺѵʵģ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻкܴӰġ
лɵЦˣɳǺˣܹԼǳİ漴ıսʼĺڴ


1028  ׻֮䡾
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ԭӥ˵֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰǲ֮ܵĳڵģɸлʦȴӵ𼶱ͣɳĮҲǲܡ

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һֻʮ۷弶ԣޱȣ࣬ǵĻϣܰһΡ
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1029  ׻֮䡾
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1030  սʡһ
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1031  սʡ
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1032  սʡ
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ڴ˵㣬ɣûбҪ
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1033  ٶһ
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1034  ٶ
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1035  ٶ
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ؿĽʱлȻô̵ʱڣƫһµ˼սٶΨһĽ;ǣлһʼһû潻档
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1036  ٶġ
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1037  ճ塾һ
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ԭЩڵһȻġлǿˣûоʹ˷ŹЩǵͷͷųϯһǡ
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ʥҪҪ壬Ǳǽճ壬ǳĻſԣĵشﵽʥĵأҲδܹء
ЩǡܹлڵҪ
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лֹͣ塣
Щħޣϵóݣʵȫﵽ׼սλľ磬һǻԵģԵĵص֮лھ̫ԶԾɿǶͷһЩʲôԵķЩɱ䣬ȻһľȻٵ뿪ˣƺҪȥ
лҲû룬ֹͣڿնͻߵеһȥֱ϶ʲô


1038  ճ塾
׼սħ޵ıָлһЩݣǾǣڷпʵﵽ̬ĸ߶ȣ򲻿ͣһСʱ֮Щ׼սʼħ޲Ÿҿ̫൱ңԶĵطȡһЩ㶫ǻʱȥЩͱڿµĴڵжôĿֲҲͻĸߴӦЩǳǡ
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л˫Ŀ˸â鿴ܣѡһѵһ۾ͿԶһġ裡


1039  Ͽֲڡһ
ʱϺɫĻţΧ׵ķΧڣЩĻ涼ڵɫγһĻ棬ղͬĹ켣·š
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Ͷˣǵȷľ֮ģ


1040  Ͽֲڡ
ʲôľ飬֮ģлû˵
㣬ͿͰɡл
ʵɱ䣬ħȺĻɱ䣬ɱУҲһ֮ıͺһͨ˵Ҳңﵽ磬ȴܹ꣬ս۷弶ܹ֮ãʵɱϾħģɱ䣬ģɱΪף֧ߣ㱾˻ľԡԹģԲľ֮ġ
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СʱлƵ죬ǰУԽԽϸǾȻǴ
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µĻͬף죬ŵǰȥת䴦̽Դ͵͵ȥ


1041  Ͽֲڡ
һֻ޴а׶೤ĳ壬ͨ嶼ʵķŻƬϣ׳ͬһɽſţҲҪ֫׳ͬӣһףлȥǱǿܹһͨ˲С
ǣޱȣƺܹͱգ˺һУ۱ţ֪ʲôӣǿźһ棬ǺȻǴɾͬ͵Ļÿһɿӿ
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ǣҲ֪ƢûȥĻǿ϶ٲñѵһˡԥĵ˵˵ȥˣô֪ġ
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лЦһԭǱӡģһĵڴӦʥһǿһˣǧħȻȥסɱġ
ˣԽסһˡ
͸ѧܶıӵֶΣܹ鷳ҲöΣŲӴӰ˳


1042  ޶һ
һ֣ŵѿڷһУתܡ
վסлȵ
ž
˾ͺʩչ˶ƵأһӲޣ޴磬ĹһΰɣҲˡ
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л֪ڱӡܹɻĵһ죬ͽҪǰսļʥһλһһ٣ƾ踸ĸһĵλ䣬ɱؼǣλ⣬ɱ֮˵ĸĸûֻع峤ѵһ٣֪ЩʥһУĿֲ
ţҽл֡
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ԡ
˸óһ鿴
лһᣬһǾڼصĶƣȼ˷ǺȻǡʱ䶷


1043  ޶󡾶
лԶŨȤģԴӰȭġݡ֮ȻٵûеĵزϾεĶգĶҲʲôãֻЩȽɫģĳһرõĶܹʱ䶷Ͷŷǳ
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һȭһӲӵİӰлĸ첲֣ѸٵĴȭͷӿȥ

߱ͻĹһվжԡ족ЩɵʼնŻᱻлֹʶлֵ˲䣬Ҳˣͬʱ˫ֽǰֵ
лһȭҲصĴ˫֮ϡ
ǿȻȥ
꣡꣡
һ˲ֳӿͬһŨһȭͷģݺݵ档
һȭߵ˫۴ϣعǶҪˣ෭ſһѪȴδǱĵɳȥ
㡭ʥһǿſڱҪŭȡ
տڣҹȻ
ﵽ𼶱ҹ൱µģ軹޷ӳȻܹʮľ磬նɱս֣ο컹ֻʮ۷弶ģܹԿս۷弶ѹȣ֪򵥡
ŭһַǧħҲ֮
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ʱס죬лɰĻɱߡ
㲻죬ȭл߷ӦҲѸ٣뵽˫۵һȭʱģлһ޶İȭ㷢һС
Ľգм׵ľ롣
δ䣬һХ
ʥطٵɱ


1044  Σһ
ĳХ
һХƾԶлˣһ𺳵ĸоͷһ˿Ĳ
ⶨȻʮ峤ϣ
л֪ʮ峤ȻҲս۷弶ʵԶɱɳ峤ܱȵģΪʥص󣬲ûбչصģ˵ʥûбչصĸУǿһλ
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ͬʱһζ˸ˣһӰľԮˡ


1045  Σ
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һ֮ԭΧлΧЩʥصսַ׷׺ˣǿִµʸ񶼲ǣɱˣǻпܰϾִǶɾս۷弶ģÿսʸΪִµġ
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1046  Σ
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һɱ㡣лǰ벽ɭɱⱩ¶ɣ̹ǵϢΧս鲻Խĵˣʮ峤ҲһüҪԼǳϣ͸ǰָֻţҸ㣬峤СүҲʲôȻֿ˵
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ȻҪװǾͱֳЩԽˣԽǸ졣
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һԻԵһ򵥵ĽƣֻһԵľٶֹ˽롣
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лĵǰĬΣˣǿܾʧȥõʥһЩĻˡóǾᣬǾǷڶ·һžеһʱδüۿ͵ˣַռָˣʥصܼͷǳߣȴԣʥǿĶӦ÷һطһҪҵ
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1047  һ֮һ
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л迴֣ʱʹסˣ˻̧ͷĿԣͬʱһ
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ҹǹųʮ֮⣬ѾмǧʷȷǺֻ֪Ĵš
ҹܹ֮ӵҹ𣬹׻ΪҹǹһΣ˸ĹҹǹУǹ棬һ΢΢ζĺɫ档
ҹǰǽӽϹʱĩڵģӦ굮ĳ׿Ǹҹǹӵеҹҹǹ൱ƾãлȻ
νʮ޷ǾǹʦֱһĴЩˣϹʱԺ֪֮˴ģڿ뷨ƺǴġ
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1048  һ֮
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1049  һ֮
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1050  ⡾һ
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1051  ⡾
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лһͬǰһԡ
Ҳӿǿ֮⣬˷ʥصʥڿһ£лΪ൱ľȻսıԵ


1052  رסһ
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奵ȭͷ棬һɫˮȴû˿𣬷ĸ΢΢һΡ

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1053  رס
ʥر֮У
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һѵɨɳ壬ѹһͬѰ֣˷뱧вϧսս۷弶ָһսԼͻͬڸսϣмȡ֣Լ֮·
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1054  սһ
ٶȿԶʮ峤һֲʵУĸԶȻǰܹǹﶼһɿ·ϴ϶һ첻µزµӣٿԶȴȻͬˡ
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ⲻ֪лӶĴǿҵĴԶ֪ԼĲ㣬ĽҲѾʮľ磬ȲǷݳȸǴĸ
ϡԶ
ʮ峤ĵͷĸԶʥϣĸԶɾҲ򵥡
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лһϡ
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лֱɽۡ


1055  ս
ʮ۷弶һֻ̤սʹлԿѹǿһɳ죬̼㵽˾ɽԼа׵ľ롣
εѹʱѾǿʢ̬ĵز
лҲ׹䡣
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лһ
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ϾǳµĴڡ
̫ԶˣȻ˯֮УֻΣǵΣζʱ㡣
ݣҲעӦ֪һЩл֪飬˵ӥҹѰ궼ûҵ¯


1056  ֪޲ԵĹ塾һ
ߴ˼˭ɵģȻϢеǳ𾪣ϾʥصʱߴѾڣҷǳǿƣȴ˼壬Ȼ൱𾪡
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˵ģߴУ塢ʥˮ嶼ˣΪֹΨбѩһȻֱʥľûκϢҲ֪Ƿˡл˵
Ȼˡĵ漴˵ʥľԲģ壬ҪôǿҪô£޷ֻǱӡġ
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Ĭˡ
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ߴʥ֮Ѿ̫ĻԹˣҪǳѣʥҲûһϣһ˵
ʲôԹޣл
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л棬ʥľ
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һʧлֽ֤ʥľռָڣ棬ûʥľ°ɣ
ЦѪӡ⵽ƻһ쿪ʼҾѾʼ޸ˣʥľ޷ǾǼӿһָˣûӰҲǺܴ󡣡
ܿƶлʵ
ʲôЩ䡣
ұʶ൱ǿ
лҲ֪嵣Լ֪аʥغ̵˶Ѿ͸ˣ㹻ĻϣܹǽЩ˸ҳ
̣ǵʹṆ̀ûн
лͼ򵥵˵һ¹櫵飬Լ̵֮ѪӡƻҲ̸ɵģ˵̲ûʵ֪аʥһ֧ɳ̵ͨɳ壬˵̵Ĵֶ͸аʥˣʥأҲ϶رչ˵ģĿǰΪֹûʲôʵԵķ֣Ҳˣ峤ǿ⵽֮˵İɱġ
˵ͷͷǵ֪ⶼǼٻĻΪģһֹл˵ѻôݸ壬˵ĺ
趼Ϊ֪һ֪ܹҵеأлĻ˵˵Ǹʲôǵħ紿Ѫôһʥãаʥذɳ壬ʥһаţ뽫ǵı顣
Ҳ飬峤Ѿ˺ܳʱ䣬һչûУֱȱչأˣл˵
ڻ֣ܳҿԸָ·
ʾ¡л
ս飡


1057  ֪޲ԵĹ塾
սĸ֣лͷһ󼤵ЩңҲЩˣս֡
νս飬սеƣȴкܴĲͬ
սһֻδγսĳ壬ͨϵӡѾȥģʵǿĸڣӶγɵһû˼룬ֻսıս飬岻֪ʹǿԴҲȥҲ֪ʹǽڵδսĨɱſԡ
ս飬ǶǷǳǿĴڡ
˵ս飬ʵʹʥƳɵ֮ͬΨһսʵһͣ޷Ҳ˥ġ
ս飿ƺ峤ἰл˵
嵭ĵսǵҿʥصʱиЩ˵ս㽫ռʮս֪꣬ǸʱӢۣսÿ춼ڷսγɵҲ㣬ʥҲս֣һսҪͣҪʱ̫ʶҽǷս޸ڣγɵս飬ǸԴ˵ѪʶѪֻҪǷѪ֮ˣȻᱻǷֵġ
лһ룬ƺҲԡ
Ͼʥر꣬Ҫ벻ʥصˣΨЩʥص˲Ųǡ
ƺҲ̫׼ȷϾ̵ıںܶǰɵģҲ©Ŀܡ
ǲ취ܱ֤һڼ飿忴л뷨˵
ǡлʵش
޷ֻһֶΣǱȻ˲³ç£ȵЩȱչصҲͳˣ򣬾ʲôıҲʵʩġ

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ͷлԺһ˵Ȼˣڱȥ֪ͨʥصʮ峤ϡ
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ս飬Ѵ·ҪٿʹԼֱ۰㣬һܹѰѪͬߣҪҵһѪ
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л֣ǵѪĴγһѪ飬ĹţûѪζһɵϢĲ
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սʥ֮ܵһȻΪ֮Ѫӡսս۷弶һ֮ѪӡȫǵʵҲָģƿأҲǸߵ峤ϿΪʥȨߣ
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ѹôֱӵĳ֡ЦҲģӲд꣬ͷȴӲһ
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оҺ̬ٿ
ǸֶȻǶԽ㣬Խǿġ
ǽʲô
лһʱɣ˵صԪ̫ۺˣҶȥ
Ҳǣһ꣬ţܹ׼սʼ˵صԪ̫ǿˡ
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ʱ䣬Ǳ㹮̵ľ磬ʮ֮лȻһľٴҪڴĳ嶯
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棬ͷųһ˿ϢЩήĻٶȷӦԪɢٶҲõһĻͣԾɢС
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лһʩչ׺
ǿ棬ֻǽ̨ıŽһЩʯȴûʵԵ˺
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׼սʼҲҪɵˣȻԼ̨˺лó
Ϊӵն
ʮ˵Ǽ̨лն£ֳ룬¶ﲿ֡


1058  仯
̨նϣһĨâ
лĿԼұȷ֮ǲٴοȥ
ֻǼ̨λãڷһȭס
ȭлٵİȭЩƣȴҲЩͬɫǳֵɫġ
žž
һ춯
ȭױȻһ˿˿ĵƺһƵ׵磬ȭ·һƾ֤ĳʯ顣
ʯһЩţ˸˿˿ĹΣһƵĵɢʮ׵ķΧڣǡýǸȭ׸Χƺ׵ȭ׵׵ԡ
ͬģҲʯŹɵһص󷨣ڲϵһЩǴӵģҲݿήģͬؼ䵴ŨԪʼɢġ
һš
лֽǶ̨ڵǷ˳
Ҳһ˿ţûа𻵵˼
ſһ顣
ԭ˰лǷһ˿Ц⣬Щǹ尲ŵģǰΪХʥصĿˣͬʱҲ游ĻӶӳһЩϹʥµطŽʥأХаʥؿܾ֮⵽͵ϮȻһƲл겻ȴҲָ֪ĿԼΪ㣬Ա㽫ʱսϵıҲ⸱ȭ׷̨ڣΪǾȭ׻ָ޷ôƬȭڣʹüȭֻҪͶ¯ڣָսʼҲƬ룬ɳɾͼƷսʼ
ȻХĿȫһȭǺҵҹǹһ
һҹǹڵҹɼģȭڣмأڴ˵صʱ򣬻ֻסл˵ХʼմڰУɲǰӥܹҹ׵絽ڻ׽׶ء
˵䣬ץסȭס
ȭֺܳأ͸һɼζƺɱ¾ǳأлУĵ˸ĸܼˡ
׵ĻȡǣҲɴһ¼ȭףΪЦ
лͷԪҲɢˣǾ͵ƿȭףǱ뿪ɡûнʥľڵϡ
ݻָ׳ɳͷųŨصϢҲܹһЩԪ
лֽҲڵϣʥľš
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ȭҹǹΨһĲͬҹǹб׽޵޻ΪģǼȭײͬһ˿ХƬΪģʶл൱ųԡ
޻飬Ѿٵˡ
ʶҪȭ׳ɾսʼҪһħ޻Ϊſԡ
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׵𶯣׸ûκηɵر俪лҲֱХƬ
㲻ɱңɱҶԼȭзǳ𻵡ХƬڴе
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Ѫ棬ȭױͬһĨɫⲨϴһ㣬ȥӵ£ûֺظУ̺ŵһɺصɱ¾ϢĨˡ
ʱлżȭף׽С
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ȭ׸ʺ׵лϲĵ
İȭҲǳֻվΪʥģȭ׾ģҲģҲעڷסԶʱһãȻʺл
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лȥʥľ
Ҳɵˡ
ʥľȻûϢԭǴɫģھȻͬľȥӣ˿ݻɫܸɱӣһŵһ̺ŵʥľһ˿ԴҲѾʧˡ
лһץʥľ
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׸ɽҡΡ
ӲݷɽҶ֦Уһףʮ׵Ŀɲֳǰ
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Ѿʵ壬ԭֻ˫ͷܹ뿪ģֻ˫צڵڣĲλѾ뵶ԶԶȥվ棬񵶷ɱ¾
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ӥһ˻ع鵶ڣлУܸеǿҵϢһȵǺȻǽӥ
Ȼ֮ɫ߹
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սʼҲһЩˣԱΪ޻Ϊ꣬ħ޶ʱսȴ޻ͱ롣лḧŵЦǲǿ׼սʼأ
ǰɣǹһ׼սʼɣǽʧܵսʼҲֻҵҹǹǰ㣬սʼģҲˣû͵ġ
лԴҲϿɵġ
֮Ķмأ֮սʼڣ޻ܹսʼܹṩ޻겻ҪԱΪͿɻħ޷һЩ
ﲻսʼı޷ṩϾսʼ֮ԿԣΪսʼӵģǾԡ
ʶǾмصǣɹҹǹǰ㣬û
лҲ⣬ܹˣף޻Լӥͺǿ֮ںһΰѪһ꣬һЩӥƬõʥľһ˿Դƽӥ仯ڡ
Ҫ룬Ҫһ
Ǿʱ䡣
еڴɱΪսʼˡлЦҲ֪ɱ֮󣬻
¼ƷսʼУҲܳˣ
лζһǲΪпⲻǿһؼǾǡ


1059  ս顾һ
л˵ı˼ߣϾص͵Ϯڽӥɱ䣬ôȻģҲٶֳ
о޶
һֱлǽ޶Ľս֮ΪƣǾǶֶĴںϣ޶Զս֮ȴôʹãлʹã·ɵٵ֮㲻ٶʩչˣʵǵıȥϾû˲õġ
ӥĴڣҲıǡ
޶Զսˡ
˵Уջ֮ᣬҲлϲѡ
ԪɢûмĴ㣬Ǳӱڳˣԭ·ء
ڴǷӡԾɴڡ
ӡѭԵģʱͻɣҽʱʱעһ䷢һЩ仯ʥص֮ǰյİ취Ҳ޷ֻǿй򿪡˵
лȻʧЦӡѪӡ֮ǰµģʱڵܹ򿪵ģЩսǻָ۷пܣʮ峤ϵ˵ûϣ
˵Ц䣬˷ӡ
Ǵ˳
ճ˾ͷֱڷ˱仯ԭյľѾͳͳɾټıڣվһĸ֡
Ϊ׵ʮ峤ϡ
ִ£ս۷弶ǿߣ󲿷ֶսһüĿɱڡ
վʮ峤ĸԶл֪عˡ
鷳ˡл˽ȭף̵ó䷴档
һ㶼ţģ£еɢʹڳʥظֶŭˣǶǵӡ
鷳мܴءЦ
ͷлģսӿҲóҹǹصĴڵϣ𶯵ⶼҡΡ
ڶڣٰ죬ȴײǱ㷢սɱ죬ðģǲǡʮ峤ɭɭĵ
лĵǡ
ҹǺɫģԹͫͷųɫ棬֮ԸеŤ㣬ŵ죬ɶԣʮ峤ϵ
㻹Ǵ֪ˡлЦ
ʮ峤ϵļһ鶯⣬ʱӲǱлٰסˡ
ĺܲң񱩾Ĵ˵ʮ峤ĵ
Ҳ㡣лָǰЩʥظ֣ʥؾͽڽǽۼ֤һ̵ĵ
ʮ峤ŭȵ
񲻿񣬻ʸƵ𣿡лץסһγԶʶҵݰɡ
ҡԶش
лͷȷʵСˣû뵽ϲ̨㣬Ȼƻҵļƻ
Զ˵ɫࡣ
ȻлܵСҲԳݣǿģ򱻴
֮ûãܻŴ뿪˵ɡԶĵ
ҿ϶ܻ뿪ϾҪˣлһ䣬ֽ˳ȥ
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սʼӳʮ峤ϵ˶һ£漴ʮ峤ǰӽն
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նУĶȥγһɴǿѹͬһɽҪѹ
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޶İҲֳ
ܵĳԶγһɻ֮Ȧ㽫ǹжˣ򻮹һߣɨʮ峤ϵʺҪ
ʮ峤Ѹٺˣͬʱա

һײٶƿȴֱֻվʮ峤ϲ󷽵ĸԶȥ
Զٺˡ
֪лʶоԵֿҲѡ󳷣ս۷弶ִ³ѹ
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лȵ
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лһߣ˲䴩Խʮ׵ľ룬ʮ峤ϵıͬʱͷϷһʱ֡
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
һ½ʮ峤ԼִͳͳС
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Ҳ˵лϵ쳣ĬҹǹһŶĿĺɫĻ棬ڿиתţХƿ߿ջ㻯ǹ꣬Ҫȥȵָ赲⡣
лҲԺ޹˼ɵĳ֡
Ŀʮ峤ϣʥ׶εȨˣǽնɱǾûͷģʥЩҲɢˡ
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ƺһȭһͷҰħˣ¶Ѫ
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Ǳ϶
ʮ峤ս۷弶ĸ֣Ѿʮ꣬ԱչѪӡͻҵĳǿߣʩչܣ֮ǰл͸ԶʩչܽȻͬ
һͬʵĽɵģ˸ķţһȼţҲаף·㡣
ʱܣ޵з
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лȭͷش档
һȭܵըѿ裬һҽдʮ峤ϱͬߵķݺɳȥ
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лһץ»عУסĿҲֺɨһ
ڣһĲִ¡
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лβձһնȥһ̺ϵףսĶȫӳ
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񷡣
Ķǵ֮±ѣɽܣһĨ£ӳյĸӵ貶Ŀ׷ɱʮ峤ϱȥˡ
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뻮һ˻졣
жʮսͬʱ֡
ʮ⽣Ӱշ裬ݺӻֱлĵ⡣
ء䣡
һϵгƵıУǿƵһڱѣδʮ峤ǰͱˡ
һ̣
ʮսлĹϣս㹻һս۷弶ǿߡ


1060  ս顾
ڣʥصĸа֮ڣǳֲģУսֻռݶ
лʮ峤ұʹ˴ĴָСС;Ѿսľ磬ȫ½һ˵ͬ޵ˣЩϱǰе
áлĵ
ʮ峤ϵ̹ϣҲл˵һ档
ʮ峤ϵɫԽˣҪɱ˾ͻԽ࣬ûԸ⿴Ǳ˴ɳһӣʮսһɱѣʮ㹻ˣ
лһȦ
ʮսУһϵͨǿʵģ֮սģҪսѸɵɾˣڷš
һ룬һЩǸոտսõģʮѾﵽԶɾս۷弶ġ
֣ʮ۷弶ս۷弶ִ°Χ裬ͬǳıС
ΪܵסңлЦ
ʮ峤ϵһ¡
л̧һ档
زɵĲ£ȴδǱУʧЧ
Ϊ˶Ը㣬ԶɷѿİⷽԲǧڶûʲô仯ȴɻ֮ءʮ峤ϵ
лͷܺðϧȻ޷ס뿪
ڶս֣޷Կ̫ˣһЩһսﵽս۷弶пܻʤ
Ǿҿ뿪İɡʮ峤ĵ
л΢΢һЦ΢΢ζֵʧˡ
֮Ʒ磡
лʹʥڲķĵʽһʩչͬ˵пռ˲ư㣬Ӱ٣Ҳһۼ
ٶȳֵʱѾվϣҲ˳ƺɨһնֵĺһ̽ץסĸ첲ͺһ˰εضŸ߿ճȥҪߡ
˾Ӷս֣лûжٰգؼԱ߻ʮ峤ϻģһЩִڸոս۷弶ģսȻвлôսϵĻܹлһɱĻᣬлƾٶӦأ
վһ˰ɡ
߲˵ģʮ峤ϴЦ
ЦжȻͬ콵꣬¡¡ÿһſֲ
лһ̣Ʈ첻Ļд
ӲûһŻ򿿽һ׵ľ룬ַҪǻȥ
һĻҲʥصĸĿɿڴ
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ʣ޷ġ
ʮ峤ԾЦ⣬ʾֻǸں棬óȥ赲лߡ
𣡡
лĵڣһ˻Ȼը졣
֮УһӰո֡
ܹʮֺա
ÿһͨɫľװ涼ţ˸ŵĹΣжһѳԼһװ˵Ĵ󽣣죬ǵĶͷ棬Ļߣͬ˸ĹΡ
ս飡лʮ֣ѿڵ
ʮ峤ϴЦû峤ҵս飬ʥص֮һս۷弶˴սҲ֪ʹǻǻδεս꣬ѲĴڣһǾǲݣһǧףҲܹ㾾
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ս顣лʮս飬¶һĨõЦݣȻǿǵ϶һЩӳ֣սҪȸԵľһЩʮֵĻ˵Щʥصĸǣֿܹ𣿡
˭Ҳ֪ʮ峤ϵ
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ʮ峤ɫ΢䣬Ŀ侫Ķлʲô˼
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ϢݵʮսʱƱϵҲʧˡ
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ʱʮսٶȾеĴ󽣡
ǵϱĳһʢˣͷϵҲ˴۵Ļ⣬˫ĿڶƺŻȼա
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ܹٿʮս飬ͲҪЩˣʣµľŴսЩʥصĸǳɱȥ
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лһۣǿûߡ
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Ŷ󡢱⣬ǱڵĿռСķ֣лˣЩʥأ̫ķḻԴЩֻͣڱϵĺö綷е֮صĶǿ϶Ƿڸصĵط֮ҳǱȻܹøԴ
ȻԸô
ɽǰȥӶᣬɲлԸ
һսǣʮ峤ϣɱȥǾǱնϸ첲Ҳ֪ʹʶɱ¾൱
лͨٶȿʼ©ߴһ͵Ϯս鼤սĸǡ
Ҳˡ
Ǻԭǿսǣлʮε͵ϮУնɱĶʮˣϱսɱļˣʮˡ
һӱ޸
һͳնɱսҲնɱشѾ˥Ҳֲ̫ʱġ
лȴ⣬ϾĿľնɱЩˣһЩаս֮ȫӶӶʥء
ɱʮ֮лһƳִ·Ĺһս飬սѾ֮ʡ
䡭
ִµһ¾ͽս˺Ƭ
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ңлȻ˵ǵıбնȥһɱˡ
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л󣬲ǰ㴭ϢĻᣬƾٶӲǳԽǰӪȳŵĹڶ㽫ִնɱ
ִ£նɱһˣսɱһĴִȫɱսҲ˲أʮˣʮĸ֣лûֵһᡣ
Ŀսƴʮ峤ϣЦеĵʮ峤ϣˡָǼʮʥǿǣҪɱȫ


1061  ɱ
ֳԼʮˣսнʮˣ߶ʮʮ۷弶ģȫǶǿߡ
Ҫɱô֣ʮ峤һս飬лҲҪи޶ȲǣҪΪս飬һܹʤ׸㣬һк֣ζҪ֮ء
кУ
лܣûһϢ
ǿʮ峤ϲżôˣûһ˸СġŭݲȣȻдǡ
ɱһϣ
һ𹥻ɵ
̫ˣҾͲôˣһָɲȻ˵Ҫɱǣɱɱ
лӵʥصĸȴǷŭˡ
Ǳŭˡ
ʹ̼˵񾭣ܵӣѪԵ˶ᷴģһʮˣ˻ŵǹų
һʱ䣬ȫǵ⽣Ӱ
иֶǳȫҪлشնɱ
ҡɡȫ㡭ǣлһһֵ˵
Ҳ֮˴䡣
ԭ˵ĸоǿͣǰԵޱߣһֲڱ˫չɫͷҵ趯ţħһ㣬â㶴գ˸е
𶯡
վ죬¡𶯡
ԭʵգͻأ־ŵɫף׵ͬ׳·裬
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лȣܵĿռһɢȥһЩĵ⣬Щɱĵ⽣Ӱ𶯵ȴûг׵ĻֻǼʮֵĹ˶ѡ
ȴ谭лӡ
渡һӲӵĹâõðڵţڴ߷ճǿ
ŽӲӵĹâ·ǽ֮塣
ҵѴӿתȭڡ
ȭ׸ܷӳ׵ԵģԵĹ棬á
ڴͬʱ׻ŵ¡
׶죡ʥص϶ʮ峤ϿлʩչĶʱϳ
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˫ֳнӾŵ£ȭͷӿ貵ɫ⣬޾
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ƴ׵繹ɵģоŵлĶΪɵġ
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Ĺһץ飬һϵеıը
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лһ˶ޱȵƱ̽ȥʮ׳ƣͨ׹⣬ǵصʮ峤ȥ
Ҫʮ峤Ͽ


ʮ峤ϱĵ˴׹мʮҲڴϣһ޴ӡ˷Բ׵ĵ棬ͳͳĵ顣
Ҳ֮ʧ
ûʮ峤ϵвл㿪ʼɱƻ
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ʶлб֤Լûк֮ǡ
ʩչɱС
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ͻƽսлܹٿصҺ̬ٶ˴ȵԭʮ۷弶ܹɱĴսشɳ峤ɳӴܣսһ硣
ٿؾҲԭ˽һ
лȻҪϽɶʩչΪͨɱһеֶΡ
Һ̬΢һ£һǿҵ𶯸Ӧմ̼䣬˵ľЩܿƵ궯
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лֵָһɸ֣Ϻȵ˵Ҫɱǣһȫɱһ
һȳ⣬ЩֻȻǷ׷׵ҪֹҲһЩŵøϽӴܣѾˡ
籩ɱ
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϶Ȼһ⻡һµ񵶣Ĩռ㱻չһ϶һĹ켣ٿȻӹȥ
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ڵУŤͷԼЩʥصǡ
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սֵӳͱĨɱˣʣֻһĨ貵Ĺâҫ
йģӴܵʥصĸͳͳǹ⻡ɡ
ˣǹ⻡ҲûʧԾ˸âлĿ֮£ʮ峤ϳɱȥ
Ҫûʮ峤ش
ƣʮ峤գһ㣬Ӹ֮£Ǿ籩նȥ
裬Ƭء
һѿٵص񽣣ɢɢſֲɷ˵
籩Ȼϯ֣ԾſֲҺ̬ԶͨľܱȵģͬľҺ̬ľҪǿʢࡣ
ӣͬ˴˵ɡ
ľ籩뱬ѵĻڣ춯
ǶĿĹâ·仯˵ڶա
ನǳʻԵ̬ΧɢȥķͳͳĻ𣬾ӹ̵ıҲΪƽء
âɢһлָ

л裬ЩԶʥصͨǣ׷׿ȥֻʮ峤ڵλãѾûӰֻضϽڵϡ
ʯҲ尼ˡ
ݺύĽۣʾһսĿ
ˣ
лۣضϽԶĵ棬ǻûУҵľ籩ʮ峤ϵʱѾĵķǳǻܽնɱʮ峤ϾûʸʥصȨߣʱˡ
֪ͺã
һĮӵ´
ǺȻʮ峤ϵ
ǡ
ѣʯҷɡ
ʮ峤ٶֳͷɢѪʾأɾȴ쳣ĸ߿վ
ڴͬʱһɸǿϼ
һĨεķӡѡ
ʥȨ߸µķӡʱѪڵعӡˣʮ峤˲Ѫڵ
伤


1062  ޻
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰ֮ǰﵽս۷弶һ羭൱Ŀߣ䶼ĳɹ൱һ֣ΪѪӡѪڣӶֻɵԼġ
ʶ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ˵Ѫӡͻ飬ӶЩѪҺյ»ع飬Ϊʲôʱʱεԭ
ΪѪҺڷӡŵع飬ǵĶҪչأӶܹͻƵģȻҲԲչؾͽܵģ߻ħͻ֮󾳽粻ȣ䣬ͣϣӶըȵȣмʮֵԭ򣬱űչء
ʮ峤ϾС
ȫչأʥضǷǳΣյģԱѡһ򣬶ʮ峤Ѫڵ٣ʶѡС
٣һʮ峤Ͻ⿪ʥ峤ӡôʵҲ˵õġ
ֻһ䣬ʮ峤ϵƾͷ˸Եɱ䡣
׼սλл
ʮ峤ϵ׼սλ
ƽ£϶ӿ̼䣬طƱãԲǧڵĵ涼𶯣ֻ΢ͷŵĽ
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̼䣬ʮ峤ϵƾͬһ㣬ֱǾƲ忪ĿХ
׼սʵ䲻
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Ƶ磡
׿ٶ˺һ⣬գۼʧ˵Улﵽٶȵļ¡
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Ҳһ׷ȥ
˫ٶȶǿĳ׷ٶȣȵЩΧ߿ʧķ򣬾ȻѾûټ
лٶҲܵļޡ
ǷӡҲǺԶиǧ֮ңɣٶ֮£ǧ׵ľֻ𲽼Ѿˡ
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лʮ峤ϵǰ档
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л쭶ʮ峤ϸͲл赲ͬŵڵãֱһȭ˹ȥ
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ֲŽһ
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лγԲܸʮ峤κγֹĻᣬʵ̫ǿˣһᣬΣգԼҲΣգʥصļƻ˶ϡ
Ψȫ
ʮ峤ϣһлȵ
ʮ峤ЦǸʸ𣿡
лҲͣѾٵ߿գ貵ĹâҪѹ׵Ķ
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˶ɫǱĹǿԵںһ壬ҲлĳƱɱ
޶+߱++׶죡
Ĵ󶷼Ľϡ
֮ǰлʮ磬ͨ޶ںϣʵֻǿںݣҲ൱Ŀֲشսĸֹȷȴѡֶںϡ
߱ѷɫһ
׶׵Ҳѷɫһߡ
󶷼ĽϣȻǸʤݣлڵʵȻǿԷӳݵĻҸоܻʱĴģĻһ˷ӡ޻ĻȻʶĹĻҲȻڹΧ֮ڣʶһ
ǿĶʮ峤ݱ
ܸӦл⶷Ŀֲ
ʮ峤ͬɫ棬ȼţһٶף˲㵽лǰ

жѳ˸ŵɫ׹⣬գӿ棬նյŤˣ͵ػӶԲڵһжǿб׵Ĵݻ١
ҵĻɨӿһʱ
ʮ峤ϵƱɱ

ʮ峤ϿУǻɫɫҲܱߣ̼仯ɫĻף׵ķΧȼŵİɫĻ׷һС
ʱʮ峤ȫӳ׼սλʵ
ͬ޵еħ˫ֺϣѽںһ𣬽ӵĴأɫĻȼյĸͣ𣬴󿪴ϵĻӶ񽣣ǿֲᴩأ޿赲Ŀ¡
лҲов
нճ壬ನĳԾɱǿನϳһɼǵĿɲ˿ڣǲ綼¶˳˿Ǳսġ
⻹ǽճĳǿ£ͱನ˵˿ڣȫ汬̶ֲֳ֪ȡ
ʩչںϵлΧҲһӰ
ЩӰ׷׳лĤݣ·񣬶ͷϷžŵ׷ĺ𵴣תڡ
ڡ޶
лĺӰѸٵĻ۵棬ŵ׵ֱ۰ĴҲ棬Ѿ׼սʼ棬ӥ·ܵ˴̼㣬һ˻ͱ·𸴻һ㣬ٶʹлĶΪõһ
ʮ峤۷Ŀ⣬񽣺Ȼն䣬ն˰ɫҽ磬ͬĴл
𣡡
洫һ춯ص
͹һ޾̼İɫĻױıѣ׷ɢ
һӴӰɳ
֮ǰлʮ磬ʩչݣҲֻǹһףȴǸ塣
ХأӴʮ׵ĳȣͨ嶼ʵƬ˸ŽӲӵĹâʵĴڣϺƵѹǧףѹȵպյʮ峤ϵ񽣶·Ҳѹȵʮ峤϶ҪϢһͨ졣
ɱ
ʮ峤ǿﵽ壬Ҫն֮塣
𣡡
л趯֮Ƿһǧ׵磬棬׵ȵͳͳĺ
̼ʮ峤ϵ񽣱㱻ɢֳԭΣһĴҲѿ
𣡡
һХ
Ӱһ޴Ĺƺ׵裬ݺϻػȥ
ͬһڵХѿա
ʮ峤Ͽ˻һ˫ȭ
ˢ
һֱ׵Ĺʮ峤ϵζûˡ
¡¡춯Уѿһķ϶ʮ峤ϱĵɳȥǧ׵ľ룬ҵĽһǧ׵Ĺ֡
ʮ峤ϴѪ˫ѪģǰѪⷭת
ˡ
Ҫʮ峤Ͽ
ٶɱȥȻˣȴл۵ͨǺóһƿξƣཹཱུĹȥҲ׹
лĶٵĻָš
ͬʱƽҲˣ˫ֶˮϵϷӡһץʮָ͸һ
䣡
Ƿӡѿ
ߣ
лȵȥһץס裬ʩչƽٶȱֱǱȥ
𣡡
һȻͨڴһ沨˳ǡ׼սλʮ峤䷶Χڡ
Ϳӹʮ峤ҽжûüճɻҽʣž޻ǿֲһ˲䣬Բǧڵһͳͳѡ
޻ʼ˷Ű


1063  Ӱ
ʥشǧ֮ңһСɽ棬лͷɢɳڵϣò˿ڣЩطܿɭɭİ׹ǣڴڵĹξƣȴǳ߿ĿԶ
ֻʥرըϣ졣
Ҳ֪ж˱ȳأγɵĺ嫵ǧǧ׵лȻеǷĿֲϢĸо
۶ǿµ޻ǰһжȻ
޻ǲ֮ѪӡӰģʵȫﵽ۷壬ǱսǿгأܷӳʵҲɣǰҲ޵ֿͳͳĺɱ
ʥؾ޻Ű
ƾʥǿгأŶٵŶٵͳͳóҲ޷޻ĿֲѾǴɼܹӳȫɻһС
𸲸ʥأһҲͽˡ
лҲĵվ뿪ˡ
裬ǱĹУ޻𵴵˷뿪˭Ҳ֪˴˵лİȫͨ޻ҹ𼶱ģʶ޻вԶлҪٵĶ࣬һ㣬Ǳо͵õ֤ʶл϶û¡
һ·ߣл뿪ƬǷ
ʱ䣬ʥϢͬ˳һ㣬½ÿһ䡣
ʥأȻ꣬ȻһֱŲһ⿪ӡǾͬѵħޣ¶Ŀʵ֮ǿϵ֮һ൱ıսʴڡ
ǿһʥأ̾´½һǣ½ȴһ֮䣬Ϊҽ
Ϣ𺳳̶ȣ˭ʲôݣεȵĳȣڵõϢͬʱһӦǾǼϢ
ɽһϵеϢϵشûٻˡ
ʥԻΪһƬ𺣡
ֱȥֻһƬ档
ͬʱʥϢĵ죬ʥԪҲˮ桭񱩾л
ԭΪ֪ģʥأ壬Ľ塢̵ȸУǱʶĽΪͨɫΪǵԸǵĿУʥǡǡ֣޷ǾһЩеСں֮ڣûһֵ֧ʥǸǲֵһᡣ
עǣճǺСжЩԸľӢǣȻʥΪ׵νں֮ʤա
ʱǸоʶƫ
˵лʥսԾһƬЦûΪʥǻܴڼ죬Ҳʥسʱ򣬱ʥӡ
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һʥأ׵
һϵе飬ЩڷЩ߸ϵʶص͹Щνں֮ڡ
лָǰڷǿϡ
죬Ѿл
ÿÿطÿʱÿˣʥصÿһ˶л֡
½ƽȺ۲١
δԣʥʥأԶӰԶô򵥣ٱʥظо˱ΣΪе̡Ľͬе˺⡣
һУлԣûʲôӰ졣
һµϢ֮ξƵЧлѾָ߰˰ˣ˿ɳĮⶫһСڣۣ壬ȫң⴦طҲǷ羰֮ء
뿪ɳĮȵĵطֵʱڣ˵صķ羰Ҳ
ϢлҲʼǽĶ
廹ҪĿ꣡
˼ãлѡ
ĵҲˣʥ֮ʣµʮһУûֵ֧ʥȻʵһ
֮һʥأ¸ĿͶʥǣʹʥǺȻĳΪעĽ㣬ҵǿ룬ʹʥΣյľصģǺ֣棬ǿһֱʥǻһѩܾһܾڵֳǻʥٶġ
ʶܴǸ룬ѰҴ壬ʥǣĿǰҪʰҳǳ
ҳɳĮ򣬾ɳĮһС
֮ѡ˳ǣлҲкܴ뷨ģǾǡ䣡
лĽŵвƵĴ䣬ȻǲƵģһҲȫ½һиֶҪɵĴڡ
Ĵ䣬ֻ޵۶ԶһΣڶλǵĽԴ˾޷Ӧ
ҲлȽϾĵط
ܹ䣬ȫҪʲô׼սʼĸ֣ٲõԼİȫ⡣
ʹʥ棬ĽУл֪ڰĴмУһݼأҪ뼤䣬ͱҪ֮ġ
֮ҲֻǴڴ˵С
˵ҳǱǧǰһЩԵĸ֣Ϊ֮ģҲֻһ˵ǷҲ֪ҳǵĵЩطǳɫģһʯʵġ
ҳǣ֮ģ㶼ǺŽܵϵҲйأϾɣжϴɳĮĶģλǷϵġлĵ
̸ҳǡ
һ·УлҲڲϵС
ż֮δ뿪ڵĵɽڣʱĶͨһЩ̸
Ҫȥ׷ɱл𣿿ɱʱ򣬷ɱĶڿɲͬˣʥرˣаʥص˿϶Ҳǽ׷ɱġ
㻹ǲʥصˣȻ˵ֻʥرлˣҪɱ𡣡
ɱ𣿿Цлʮ峤ϴսʱǾԶţӡʮ峤Ͽ׼սλлһսǱˣƾǼĶ𣿡
ǼߺߣΪֻӳǼ𣿸㣬һѾϵʮˣȫʥصĸ֣лжʮӦ֪ɣߺߣնɱл⣬οлȻʮ峤ϣʮ峤һս֮лľ޴޻ҸҰٷְٱ֤лȻʮ峤ϻɱ
ЩԻлһ
ĵҲˣʮ峤ϵʵ˵ĺܶԣʱѾľ޴󣬸޷ʮ峤Ͽ⡣
ʲô
л״˵Щ֮󣬶ǾϲӣȻһ㣬оʥؾȻӳʮˣһС֣£ܹӳģȻʵǿڵһʱѡģȻǾ֮ˣʶʮܹС˵ġ


1064  ֮
й۲죬л֣߰˵ʵ൱սģ˵лڻδȫָҪȴҲ̫ѣûг֡
Ȼ׷ɱģȻһȫ
ҳǼҵʵԵλãлҪЩҳǣͨǼҵȫ
ûг֣ǰ
ͬ룬Щ˵УһƳ׷٣֪ʲôħޣȻܹͨζɳĮѰһ£׷
ȻˣǾͶȥҳǰɡ
лȫٸҳǡ
ҳڵǼ˽Ӵһȫߡ
һ׷ٸڣţ϶Ὣʥصҳǵģǵĵط
ҳǣǽһܵɫлҳǣ㷢ʱʱĳһЩɫʯ̾͵ĵ棬ҳصƺؼԪŨ֮࣬ȴƫԡ
ԣʶҳǣоԣ·Ե˷ӳսǿ
ҳһСǣ˿ҲǺܶࡣ
ֵϵϡϡģ̷Ƕý£޾ɵС̯ǰԵĵſţͬɢɢûʲôˡ
лҲû;ɫȤֱһҾ¥
Ҿ¥ǼҶصı־Ǽڴ˵صһܾݵ㣬лֻ֮ʥеţ㱻¥Ժһɾķڣûãһʮ˽
ʸ¡л٣ӱҪѯлݣɿлݣԾĽ
лóʥǽ֮󣬵ΪһƣʥΨһһƣݵģҲʥݵл
ǼҳǾݵ㸺ǿμл١ӸϽ
лڰֹ֣ҲϲһףԺˡ
ǿӦվһԡ
ҴҪл
лʲôҪܷԸǿ
лǼҳǵΣж˿Ե
ǿشҳֻǼҵıԵλãǼһǧ๫ﲢûʲôҳǼҾݵʵǿģҲ޷λˣֲܹˣԲʺ缶Ϊ
̫ˣлü
ҪԵĿɶЩʥطɱǣʵҲʮľ磬һһֻ־ܽЩȫ
лҪʲôʵģˣҿǼҵˣлٵݣȫԵֵġǿش
׼սʼġл
һȺս֣صлɲҵģս۷弶ûѡ
ǿ⻰һ£Цл٣²ʸϵġ
ȥϵǼҼߵˣȥ֪ͨǼҳϻᣬǲ׼սǰһϡлֽԼӸǿ
ǿϽסɫȴȻΪѣл٣ǼԾۼô׼սʼĸְɡ
лЦеġ
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻѾµʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬Щս۷弶ĸѾٵĳأȴЩŸս۷弶ĸǣս۷弶ǿ϶Ѿﵽ׼սʼеֱӿսʼ
ʶϡٵ׼սʼҲ˿ʼࡣ
½ĸѾǸ档
׼սʼߵҲǸλǴӿ֣ʵǼһǰѡ
ǼΪϹߴ֮һû׼սʼֻǼ߲ĺĲ֪ܣս۷弶ȴУ⹫࣬ɵӵ˶֪û˻ὫԼĵƱ¶ģǼս۷弶ڹ֮⣬һЩġ
Щ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʵõȵôӦǼҵ׼սҲӦ൱һЩ
ȻսʼԾϡ٣ûС
»ὫлٵĻȥġǿ˵
лҲ⣬ϾǼĵܣ޶ûиϾǼҲҪġ
һǣ㽫ҳй֮ĵ鼮Լִ˵л
лҲ֮뷨ǿʵ
š
лһͷ
ǿо仰֪
˵ɡл
ݵĳԣΪ֮ĵģȻҳǾǼҵľ룬ܳôԶľݵ㣬һ鱨ݵˣݵʮλˣǰʮˣ߰꣬ϵѰңδҵ֮ġ
лЦҵİ취
Σǿ㲻ٶԣ뿪ȥˡ
½һЩ֮ĵдһЩҳǷһЩ˵
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һжɵĽš
һʱ䣬лͷЩϵУд󲿷ֶǵõ֤ڵĴ˵ȻҲЩõĶҳڣÿһ꣬ͻһεĵʹΣһҹ֮䣬ԭֻͨĵʯ飬ɱʯޱȣƺ̺һ˿˿Եγֻ
бǣҳǸεΧĸߴ׵ɽͶеļ󣬿ҳȴɽȻڵ˿˲˶϶ҳڱ֮ģɾûҵ֮ʲôط
Ѱ֮ĵˣǰǧ֮ã˵ҳǶ˲֪ٱ飬ҵ֮ģǲû˵ǰдˣһֱûҵô֮ĻأϣȻܣĻ϶˷ˣΨһĿܾǵ¡л°ͣ˼֮Ŀܴڵĵط
ǵµĻлжϣҲ൱ĵطϾԸֵĸӦ֮ĵĸӦǷǳǿġ
лһǿ˵ҳ̺ḻʯӦһ£ʯһ˿΢Եģеδγ׵׵羫ֻ꣬Ҫϡٰ౶ֹҪΪûκϣġ
Ĳһ˿˿ĺظС
лϤ֮󣬱㽫֮ڵϣѵЬ࣬档
뿴ʯܷһ˿˿ķӦôѰ֮Ľźܴİ
˿˿⴫
䰲˹ûа㲨˼
лһתĽŵγһת֮Ǳʯڵ΢˲شʯлĶţĽŵס
࣡
һ˿͸Żеս֮Ǵһ˿ǳ΢ģԺԲƵĲ
лȫĵͶУһ˿ȻûĸӦ
ԣлϲ
ʯھۼǵԴ̼ĴӦҵ֮ģôԿԴ̼Ծ
֤лϲ֮࣬ڴ
ףϣҳ֮ĵڡ
ҳǵر϶ûУȥҿлѵЬ࣬ʩչû¡


1065  
Ǳ£л͸еڵµԪԵģŨ̶Ҳǳľˡ
ֱͨ¡
Ǳİٶ׵ʱл㷢֣ԪѾŨһǳֲĵزҸԣֺظиǿԣڴ˸оеƮƮȻҪʹ
лֺľʼýŵ׵ĴȥӦ
֮ǰľ飬תɢһǿҵѰǿܴڵ֮ġ
ѾﵽսлǱеʱ䡢Ѿﵽһ˵ĵز赣Ϣ֮ġ
ܹӦŨԪ˳ʱĴڵ£ǿԵġ
ʱһһĹȥ
лڵ²ϵѰ
ҵ˼ʮʯõһҲǿ͸һʯ£ǿʯλڵ½׵ĵط
ײ˵ʯҲҳѰ֮ļǼҸѾﵽʲô̶ȣҪ֪ǿûлǱеҲھѡ
ܹڵһ׶Ѿֵˣο
лҲǸпѡ
ҵʮʯһ˿˿΢лĴҲ΢ǿһЩ֮ʼնڵ£Ǵ΢ʼûֹͣ
лԸӦ֮ĵĴڣˡ
Ǳ½Ű׵ĵطл͸е俪ʼԵķӦˣƵԽԽǿ
֮ģлҶ϶Ƿ֮ģҲŷǳۺʯ
ϸݸӦϷƶȥ
ƶʮףл͸еĲ쳣ǿŰ֮͸еҪļʱҲˣǰȻһ׶ߵʯ
֮ǰʯѾǳ͵ˣ֮ǰĶҲִСȴ׶ߣŸнףǳӴ
֮ġлжϡ
ݰĴм䣬֮Ĵھ޴ʯڣȻΪ֮ģȴǰɫģ֮ĵʯɫ͸ģҲ͸ġ
űʯ档
öʼʯڵϵϣ˻ῴһܷ񽫴ת
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ѾӸշȥһ춯
ʯȻһѷ죬лǰγһһߵӰ
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߻˳лǰվŨǳİ硣
Ǻˣߵĵ
ȻƽȴһɺصѹУлòʵĪоЩˬ
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лҪڣȴߵƺһ˷ǳƣȻ߰˳ɵƶȣǰʶޣ
Сӣʲôϵ߷ʵ
лһ£˵лʥ֮ˣǰǼҵ峤ʥǡ
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ǰǣл
սߵ
лɴ۾ȵĵǰ
˵ɡսЦ
˱Ǿ޴ʯڣʯĵشпյģΧͬΧ㶼ʯĵɫΣʹŷǳŨԵԪʯҲԵ֮˵һء
Ǳ棬ǸѿĿֺϡ
лüëһ
ûսЦԴӸӦ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮󣬴елȡѪڷĴ󲿷˶ѡ뿪Եļ壬ѰʺԼԣ̵ܹʱɱչصĵطΪǸʱΣǶʺλõĸӦǳ֮ģҲ뿪ǼңҴһЩԵоҳǣ㷢ʯĴڣġ
ǰ˶೤ʱɱչصģڵľǣлʵ
ʣҪжĸֱչصʱ䡣
Ͼ֮ǰɣǱսʼǵĻָԶô򵥣Ҫʱ꣬˲ͬЩԭս۷弶׼սʼģǻѵʱӦҪ٣ɵ׶೤ʱ䣬ȴûһȷе֡
ʮɵıչءսûж˴𰸣ͬʱҲһлԤУȴʼûеõ֤ʵĴ𰸣ұѾǵͻƵıԵû֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻҲδһڣ׼սʼģڵõѪڱӡĴѾ׼սλԾɴͻƱԵܹδһڴﵽ׼ս۷徳ɡ
лôչء
ս˿죬ʯŸĹϵΪʯ¾ٹ£ҲԳصġ
أҲΪԭ򣬿ǰأлʵ
УҲ١սĻشǳĿ϶뿪Ǽ֮ѰʺұչѳʮˣһľٶԸеҲɢ޵ģͨǶʱӦرѰʺ򣬿϶ҵʺĵطڳصĿ϶൱һ֣ǿĴҲ׼ս۷弶Щԭ׼սʼģ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ҪΪսʼģԾʺϱչıأҲҪһϵʱܳء
лжϲࡣ
ǱսʣΪ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻΪսʵģҪڴ½֣Ҫ൱ʱС
ǰɷңǼң˵½ϹŴ塢壬ȴʥءĽ塢̵ȣжǰģҲս۷弶Ǳ紫ԵĻҪ֪࣬ľҲҪһЩɣл˵
ڵľƣʥس̡Ľȵȶðʹл֪ЩʥǵļϹŴƵΣΨ˲ܹͳãǿ
ս֪ʼղԼĵ¶൱ķСֹлڣҪ㣬Ҳᷴеģһ㣬֪˦ƹ˵Ų֪ƹʥǵľǰľǰλ϶Ϊʲô͸¶ԭ򡣡
лЦһȷǸ˦ƹ񣬾ʥǣûȥΣ󲿷ֵ鶼ġ
Ǽңң塢ҹħڣԼҵȵȣ൱ۺʷǵڲǴһЩ޷ìܵģЩì΢Ϳ߽ġս˵㾹ȻʥأڿԽһжˣҲʥʱˡ


1066  ʵ
ἰʥлԺвıǼҵҵһĽӰˣ֮խ˽֮ԣ˵ǳͣΨ棬ȴڡ
ϹŴ壬֮ãѵûһǵѡ峤ķѡôϲҪ군
ϧƱʥǵľٶֱֶлʹʥ͸оһ˿Σʱ۽ۣǵԽ̫ǿȻĿǰĸолȴԽԽòô򵥡
ʥʲôлʵ
塢ڲìܣսìһһϹŴ壬һǧĴֱ̼˴Ӵ½ϳĨȥͬһˡ
лǺıѣѵǼҡҡҡҹħ塢ҲΣգ
ɫصսصĵͷ
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ʼΪǼҡҵȼ壬ȻڸìܣϾ̫Զ˿̫࣬Ʒʲдβ룬ܹ߲ĵģȻԼĸΪģٲ𻵼档
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лҪ󣬴ҪǳεжУϣʥǵϢʱ嵱ǵĳƣʶʱдϹ޼һǧְǱʥǣлƣҵľľܸģ֮ܰʥڡ
һǧˣǿǴ徫еľ񣬹׼սʾжʮ֮࣬лĿࡣ
Ͼ½εĸֶڱչأصǺܶ࣬廹൱һڱչУлʶʲôеһʵǱѩǸܶԱȵġ
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һʮʮ۷弶һսս۷弶ԽҪȥġ
򣬾ζһζĿޣͷͻƵģҲɣܹﵽս۷弶ĸ֣൱֣˵ŲΪҪȾͱҪﵽҪ
лսҪʵ൱ľ롣
ھҪֲһ㡣
ֻҪﵽҪ󣬱ѰӶս۷弶֮ĿԽԾǾǵ޷ԽĳЩǾǿʱ
ħ޳֮ѪӡлӰ񻹴ڣţǽһĻᣬܹڴﵽս֮һٿս۷弶ġ
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ǼȥܹﵽĻĻ֮ҲҪ׷ϵˣɲлϣġ
ʵκʱ򶼿ԣ޷΢õʱˣ֮ģȫ½Ҳôһɡ
Ǿô˷ˣҲʧȥˣǲ˷ѣ
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֮ǰ峤׿ԽѾ˵õ֮ĵİ취
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תʼл͸еԼռڵʯһ˿ĪϵԼǵһӣҲԼһ֣ܹЩʯ̺ŵԵ΢ϵ
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ӦһԼ壬仯ҲǼģԭڴһɫʩչճʱҲЩı仯򲻻ˡ
壬лʼ֮ġ
չ׿Խ˵Ҫʩչ䣬þǳ䲻⣬һҪлȡ֮ģУؼʱ֮ȥȻľͻᱻ֮ĵĴڣӶ뵽䣬սʧսġ
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лְ͸ʯ棬ת䣬תȥ֮ϵ
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ΧʯԵ֮ģֽһֻأܵڶ֮ġ
л֮ģ洫ĵһ˳ɱΪɽĸоһֳ嶯Ҫ֮һȥ
Ƿݳ嶯лһƽľ
̰֮ģл˫ֺ֮ģʼ׿Խĵڶר֮ĵġ
ʲôл֪֪ͨǿҺ̬߶Ͼˣе«ưζ
֮ǰ׿ԽҲȷлǾΪҺ̬̫̬ܹʹģսʦҲ޷İġ
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лȻ˷ѣһЩνͳͳڣжд۳ĶҲ൱
˹һѭ
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СʱлеԼһЩʵ֮ҲֹͣĲҲԭԼȭͷССֻкҴСӡ
Դ߷֮ˡ׿Խ֪ʲôʱл
лЦҲ֪ô߷
õ֮ʹʥϹŰ͵ģҲǸлγǽľٶã֮ʲôãǰҲڡ
㡣׿ԽЦ
ƺ֪л֮Ƶأְлļͷһɴ롣
л͸еԼʶУ·ƾոһ
ȴǰ󣬷봫˵е֮ЩƣƫݣǸӵı뺷ӵͨɢϢϡ
𣡡
һɽɫлϵ۳һӰ·裬漴ǺҴС֮ġ
С
֮ıһĨ貵Ľɫ⻪
Ƭ֮󣬹âɢ
ٿ֮ģЩͼжϣӰצķţޱȵʵлĳ΢ϵлһ֮ı㻺ƯͼҲֵģͬһ㡣
֮۳Ӱڸ֮ģ˷֣ãܹ֮õгһգܹ֮Ĵ֮Ƕİʹĵزˡ׿Խ˵
л֮ģһ㿴֮Ȼһ˿ߣлڲϣ·סҲ뿴֮ĵӡ
峤֪֮лѯʵǷ֪Ȼҵ裬Ϊʲô˵֮йصĶ
׿ԽЦ˵Ҳ᲻˵ģֻˡ
лһ£漴ȻЦˣڻûȫɱİʯڱ䣬ֻǰԼ֮⡣
ҲˣǱȽĴڣΪһлһνĻᣬԽʵľ磬ҲΪʲôʣܹѹԭ򣬶ĴмҲǸɱŽܵϵûгɾȫİ֮˽⣬Ҳ֪һˡ׿ԽЦ˵ðȴֻ֪Щ֮Ƥë֮˼˵𣿡
лЦǵǣǰ˵һνĻ᣿ʲô˼ѵ֮ϻиǿһĴڣ


1071  Ǵ˵
֮ϵĴڣǴ˵׿Խ˵
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лļУ˵еĶаٷ֮ʮǼٵģٷ֮ʮȴǵõ֤ģڴĳУΪ˵ģûеõ֤Ҳһ֤ģֻûаٷְٵ֤֤ˡ
ʶлܴӹ׿Խ˵Ĵ˵һЩڴ
峤˵ҰɡлЦ
׿Խ˵Ҵһ峤е֪ģƶϣΪ˵ܿʵģû֤ݱʶֻܹΪҴش˵һ
лȻˡ
ΪЩԳΪĴڣǶһͬ㣬ǾǶƺ֮׵磬ڳԵάԶκ飬ഫ˵ĶǼģû֤ݣҲὫΪ˵񻰣ԲᵱȷĶֹӰ
ܹڴ˵У󲿷ֶʮǰǸԻ͵ŽܵϵɡлЦ
ǵȷһҴУŹǸ̫ϣΪ˳оһʱ䣬һֻΪһд˵һܡ׿ԽзһĨ֮ɫƵĵħһλħ㹥磬Ҳ㽫˽繥ݣߣΪĲ֣Ϊ䣬˥ĿΪ£Ҫ˥гڵħ֮ҷյȴ˼˲ֵĳǿߣһЩħĸֲ࣬Լľרоƽ֮ʱ͵Ϯ壬ʱʾȻһγɱ䡣
леҪϢˡ
ʵĳɱ䣬ɱ䡣
ɱ֮ʽ֮ͳͳ𣬿ϧҲʧȥȹ̵Ļᣬµ֮ǣ׿Խ˵Ŀлϣϵ֮ȴǴ֮ŸӾϢϢΪ֮Ҳ˵ɱ䣬ɾʹ˵еġ񣡡
лʿڸɬҺʱʵѾԽνǲһĴڡ
һϹʥʵľ硣׿Խ˵
л΢һ˵ˣϹʥȻľ룬ȻǹϵĹڶˣȻʵ棬ҪʱʻҪǿǾ˵ʽΪ񣬾ζܹϹʥˣϹʥʵľˡ
׿ԽÿһʶһͬĿ꣬Ǿռɱ䣬Ŀȴδɵģİǿڻֻǰ˵ʷˡ
Ҳû취˭֪ʯᱻ䡣л˵ʯ䣬Ȼһһ˫Ŀ⻪ѿڵ֪˭µˣ
˭׿Խʵ
лһһֵĵꡭ櫣
һл϶ʯ櫶ֽţǧǰ櫳ʹʥնɱ¾۷񣬽Լһ־ӡУôʣ櫼Ȼʹʥ棬ʯӶȻǲܵġ
ʯļͣҲ֮Ѫӡ֮£ܹƻģΨһİ취ȻҪ䣬׻ɱɵʣʶֻǰʣһϮɱȡɾʵĻᣬ˲ܵвôǣܳɾʣʥǾлȡͻң޷ͨʵͳһ
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лѣ櫵Ųߡ
峤֮ʲôããǷйãлѯʵ
׿ԽЦûйҵǺ֪֮һȽãǾܹͨһ壬ֳʵĻ棬ӶһЩʶ˶ģʵݻģȻɵĻ棬һ£ǿʲô̶Ȱɡ
ͨʲôأлʵ
׿Խҡҡͷûֻ֪Լȥˣս۷弶ﵽ׼սʼܹ֮ٿ֮ˣʱѰҿԣ⣬֮һܴá
ѵΪʥл
ǵȻܡ׿ԽЦʥҲ޵ģֻʥʵձǳĸߣҺܹܶﵽԽʥĵز֮ǿЩǣɱ䣬Ϊ׼ʥڳĴڣЩʵɳҲ൱ֲġ
лЦԺұһ°ɡ
һʵĺô֧ôȻʥǵõ൱ˡ
˽̸У뿪Ǹ䡣
ĸ߲Ļҡ
ϴĲֳԼ뿪ˣʣµĻһģлһۣ޷͸ʵľȻ֮ࡣ
лܹ͸ʵ׼ս۷弶Ǹлʦģоа顣
ٸߵľ磬Ϳ֮͸ˡ
峤ǲǲ֮ѪӡӰ죿лúƣɣƺҲҪʱָܹɡ
׿ԽĸǶЦˡ
ҲƣҺʹƷܵӰޣѪӡ⵽ƻ֮󣬱㲻ܵκӰ֮⣬ЩսʼģҪһ֮󣬲ܹ뿪˵أһ߳ȥȻǻܵǳӰġ׿ԽЦŽ͵
лԣҲզ಻ѡ
ȻӰ޵Ʒ塢ʥض޷ģƺ̵ֻе취лĸоƺҲܵӰģֻܶԵĳڴ½ϣȻһ˾ܹɨĴ½ġ
Ƿѡһλ׼ս۷弶ĳȥһǼҴһЩأлЦŵ
ȥɡ
Ҹʡ
Ǳ
һʱ䣬Щ׼ս۷弶ĸУһ·һĻлһĹ׿Խҡͷѡ
׿ԽЦҪ⣬ԴǰǽӡԸûзǴҵ֮ģͲ뿪Ƕ˼꣬Ȼȥ濴ġ
ţ⣬⡣лʧЦ
Ҫˣǰѡɡ׿Խ
ǶͣڴĿл
лҵҪ󲻸ߣΪʥǱ뱣ܣ˻ɣҳǳֹģ˭֪ܿҳǸͻȻһλԵ׼ս۷弶飬뵽ģʶϣܹѡһλӵԵġ
Ǿֻˡһ𣬹Цλֵܣ˼ɣǰȥˡ
һȺ׼ս۷弶һµļʱӡ
лһɣǰԵġ
ûұȽ⣬ǷΪΪġɣٺЦҲµķԶԼݻķԶֻҪҲ¶ԣǺ뵽Ǵġ
׿ԽЦ⵹ûǡӡ֮ʱ屻ӡǸطǷرǿĵطʶͶ˷ԣҴΨһ⣬Ҳ뵽ߴоȻǲԵˡ
ǾɣǰͬаɡлЦ


1072  Ǽ
뿪壬лɣսϣһǼҵפأ;ɣҲսһЩȻɣݣսûҲս֪ʥǵʵõܹģսҲ͸¶ȥľ
˶ǳǿߣǧ֮ңǶԣѲ˶೤ʱġ
Ǽפλҳǧ֮ԶȺɽС
Ǽ˿ڰ֮ڣȻȺɽн֮õǼҳУϹŴ岢
źܶǿõģԷ޴дڵģͨġ
л˵֮󣬲ûֱӽ룬ս˵ǾҪлǼҵìܵǴﵽʲô̶ȡ
һǼҼʥǣʥߴڵлôǼҾӦ߲һǰӭӵġ
ݡ
սվ棬һĽ
͸ǰεķ֣С
ûãͿȺɽУһĨ貵Ĺâ˸ǻ¶һ޴ĳС
ĳûʲôΨһǺһЩ۶һڳĻһڳǣǼҺֱϵǾסĵط
лվڳǰ
һ£Ż
һȺ˴˳
ΪˣһһŮףͷѩ׵įlüһ˫۾˸ž⣬һɲ׵ƣһսͺȺĸоʵ׼ս۷弶Ĵڡ
ŮͬͷϹһĨЦ⣬ܴĸо䳤սЩƣͬҲ׼ս۷弶Ĵڡ
ˣ;Уս͸ˣ׸ߵ߽ҳϵһϵʵȨߣ֧лһԭ˹֮ͬ⣬ΪսĴӣǰǼ峤ǳ磬˵ǳоȹ߻ħҳҲҳѡ֧ʥǵԭ֮һ
ŮսĽ㣬Ϊǹ£һЦеģܴӣսԣǼһɱ񣬾ǹ£Ůڵ͵Ц滢ЦԽãɱ֮Խأʶ˳Ц滢
˲󷽣һ俴ȥҲʮӵӣͷ΢΢۽Ƴлһ߸ϵģ
ǸǳĸףװɳΪ㣬ҲǸġսܵ
лԵͷȻǼң֪϶һġ
ǰӭȥ
лλǰл֮
ҳЦǿڴǼҺܶˡ
лڷǰˡ
ͣҪĻǰˣαϵڣΪʥ֮ǼҼʥǣԼ̫߰ˡǳЦ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻΪսʲѣ֪ŵ̬ˣǿЦ
лȻһЦûŭ
Ѿһ׼ˡ
ϾǼңǼ˶أԼһ֮ûУǾ͸˿ˡ
ҳһüЩãĵΪǼˣЩҲзֳϣҪΪǼ˺޽
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ǹЦеĿ˵ʲô
ǳ񿴵ǲõЦݣûɵĴеֱðϱ첻ٶԣ֪ǹµƢװʱҪͷ۵ģСӦ
ԭǳݺݵлģΪҳǹȻԴû˵뷨Уƽʱ磬Ӧù̻лǣҲװԭ򣬿ȴ̣һº͵ҳ˵ػˡ
л˱ͬ˽ڳǵǳڡ
ǳǼҸ̸߲ĵطҲǽӴĵط
⹬۹ĵҪɡ
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лȻδװӰ
ϼһԼһлﰵҲ׼ʣ󲻳
һ׼ս۷弶ĴҪˣԲôùġ
ǵ˵ĻлһԥĽ֮ļ䣬ɱģװ֮ͬģ˷ѡ
װأҳװȻûЩŭˣϾǼȻϵԴ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ峤ϰѾʱȨˣĻߵǰ̨ϵУϻҳΪġ
˼еСĸڱչأŵȻͻϹġǳ˵
ߣ
ҳܲĺһ
һ˽ǳ
ҳεһѣǹϣҲԭװģڣǿյġ
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ɣǳҸ׵λлʲôʸǶҸ׵衣
лһĨâ̫
ҳڣ㱻ǹֹˣ˵أ
ֱ׸л
ҪлǳţлӦҲһֿ顣
ﶼһлĵ
ߣ֪ûʸȥͶˡǳЦ
лΪŭʸʲô˾˵ġһָǿŵӣȥû˿Եסң֮ԲҶˣνʸ񡣡
㡭ǳſڷ
лֱӴϣڵĻᣬ˵һҪ˵ʸĻҲԸ㣬ǼʥǵһӣʥǵȨߣǰ㣬ĸףʸ˵ûʸ񡣡
̫ˣǳŭȵ
ţл΢΢һЦǰȥ
Ҫȥӡ
ٶЩװ¶ŭݣǳһ̧лļͷץȥ
лȻһЦٶȲ䣬ȴһߵǳһץա
̤ǰ
ҵλҲ˸ǻòͷˣĮӴ⴫֮һӰƾճڴڡ
ɫЩƣһ˫ϸۣһ۾޷ǵ֣װ
סǳ
װֹĵҵҪҲ
˵Ƿǳǿơ
̬ҳǹ¶һüףװʼЩϣǲֵĻ»ìܵģװһֱҸڶǳеģϾھ󲿷ֵ˶ڱչأװѵĻᡣ
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л֮ʣһƨ¡
Ȼ˼ҹѣ̬ĵѣȫûа˼һҪµĸоȻлЩʥܹҵҳǵľݵ㣬ǿҵĻɣװһڰжֽţ˵ĻǾͱװѾѡѣûпٰļʥǣˣˣǾǵˡ
ԴˣлɴӲ֪ʲô˼
ણ
װ˵ǰһ̤
һǿɱ۳˲ŷȥֱָл


1073  
лݣǼҶ˵ǾҪֵ֧ˣȻᣬţǵκεطǶ൱ġ
װȴɱ
Ǳ̹ǵɱ⣬ûаıǿɲҪлһôˣĺ壬Ǿɱˡ
־ٶĴŭл
װбɱ֮ģɱ£лоװ뷨ǹô򵥵ġ
лͶװһĻɣ˵װûģѾ֣Ӵ
֮˾ΪҳǵľݵڣҵУҸ½֮
ˣҪ
лԱߣûͷʲôˣֻװȽ⣬ǼҵѾٹ̣Ҫʹ˲ѣоǼ˵Ŀò㹻֤ݣҪװһ֣ҳǹǲͬģϾװһǼҪ֧ǱǼҵӰǷǳġ
װʲôҳ
װߵҪɱˣҵλöûûСΪʥ֮ȴ˶ңΪʥ֮Ǽҿ԰𡣡
ҳ¶ŭɫ
λǰ趯ŭ¾ͽɡлҲ˵Ϊ֮ԼǵλãҲһΪѵģϾҪȿǼ档
ҳǹ¶һۣ㲻ٲ졣
Ҳ뿴ʼΪѣ޷¶ĵľ棬лӦԡ
лתװ
Ҫɱңлƽĵ
װϸк˸лҪԼеһ˿ȣɲǵô򵥵ģҪɱ㣡
ɡл
Ϊʥ֪֮ǼҵҪԣ겻ǼңѪӡ⵽ƻɾսʲ֮Ǽң˵ּ˽֮ˣֻеԼҪʱ򣬲Żȥӣ˽֮ˣװĵΣΪǼȨ֮һȴӣȻλãλһضģиûʸǼָֻš
л¶һ˿Ц⣬˽ΪǼҵʱ䣬϶˽ǰ۵ÿЦѵ㲻֪Ѫӡƽ⣬ֱӵĹϵ˽αƽ⣬ңأǰؾ֪ˣԱչΪڣҼ棿Ķӹңν𣿡
㲻˽㣬ΪβƸȴЩѣʲôʲôʸƣǵϴ˷ѣⲻ˽װЦ

лһ̾ϢϾʧ֮ɫ
лʲô̬ȣǳ״ȵ
лʧҡҡͷ˲֪ѵԼ֪Ƹ˭ȷĹ涨˭츳ߣ˭ʵǿ͸˭ǿ˭ı˭ǣۣҵȿǶ󣬿̫̫ʧˣ㾡ȫ࣬ʵȴǲĿ
װң
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ʮȭȥǽҲˡꡱ춯ӲӵѾ˹Ѽ󣬳ʮȭڳֲ֧

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֣ͬҲѷˣ̤һһлȥѡ߿ռսķʽǴĶ̰壬أ֣ɸ߿жȻܹռȻ
һһĵ죬ͬݣĲضҡΣռŤǴص𶯣һʼƶ˲ԣǱ취л뿪ֻҪɹʤˡ
ļµĿֲѹƺƵ·ŭڿХﶼΪ֮˫𶯣貹⻪лץȥ
֣֮
ץȥһ޴ʮ״Сľƾոֳȡлǿʹõ涼ҵĲ
ƶն
лֳɵձնȥ
飡
Ǿ޴Ʊǵ⻮ѿһ˲䣬лɱ֮֡
ʱ侲ֹ
лڵӳʱ侲ֹһӱ㽫֣ٸ
ڶҲ֮
ʱ侲ֹһ˲䣬ǱɱһУлϲɵ飬ĳɹʻܴ󣬾׼ҲԷʱ侲ֹİ
֣Ҹּ״ͬʱ
ǿɲϣ֣ٳʲôأĻǶ˵ҵģ޹⣬һ׼ˣͬʱ
ϱɱݣ
ͬʱлҲ룬㽫ԼֵĶʩչ˳˫𶯣Ӱͬ֡
˵֮ǰлսݵޣ۳Ӱãһ۱ܿǼٵģڲͬ
ʩչ϶б㸡Ӱޱȵʵ·Ĵһ㣬ÿһɢһۼǾʵʵѹռŤѹȵ޷ͷǵθǱѹƵľֹͬʱ侲ֹһ㡣


1081  
𣡡
лһХϵ֮ҵĲɫƮɢѸٵ۳һӲӵģ
𡫡
Ӱ̼ܵ㣬Ҳͬʱ춯ص
ε޴籩صĺ֣󳬼֣ŵ˼æȫܡ
أأأ
ָԻȭ
޴ײ֮£˱ײˣع֡
֮۶ɵڹ붷֮צĳ𣬽طƣĤݣӰкȻʰȳӰȻǻӰȴҲʾ֮۵Ŀֲ
ݣգա
𣡡
ХϵĲãϢӿǵصķɳ
ҲҰĳХ
з裬ѣһ壬ֱӳлڣ֮ҲŴл˫֮ϡ
л˫̽
ɵϢؼ䣬ʮƺƿ֮£ƺصס
һ֣˻
ϵĹ֣֪ҪֻǺޱĳߵĻᶼûУֻѾֻĵز
ͬʱ

ͨĵɵĿռ䣬֣˵һضҪһɱ

öĽһѷ񽣳ڿУĺһƬҶǰ̳ᴩ磬֣ٵĽ͸޾ɱ⣬һ̳㻮˿ռ䣬ֱֵָֻл

һͬħĳǹҸֵ޻ûѤõĵâû貵Ľ⣬ȴµһǹ춯˵궼ڷڿ־塣
˵ǹ㶼ǿһ
նϲ񷣬̴磬أ¶ȻʧɫҪлϹбնɱ
䡭
𶯣ռѡ
ǿ㵹⣬ֵֻһ֮£׵𣬿ȴֻһͷ
ոձ
лֱۣ֮ȭȥݵ
ֱ߳
Ӱӿ֣·Яɱȥһ㣬һиָе־塣
֣˵ĵǹ񱩳
ǿҲȥˡ
ն񽣴̳ǹתԷԵĹѸٵĽһ㣬ͬлȥ
л˫Ŀâͫһʱϼʴ⻪лơ
һȭػֵ
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һ𶯵䳡ݡ
Ҳһȭ֮£ȻѣƬƬĹзɢ˷ĺХ
л磬ûܵʲô谭ȭͷչָץȥָðͶĹâգֱָ֣֡
Ҫץ֡
һץȥδ֣˵ǰǾͱ޾ѪҵĲȴ޷ŲֺһץȻƬضõĹ̶ţǸ޷ٶֻĿлֻҪ׵Ĩɱǡ
٣Ҳֻܵ
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˲䣬һŭȻ׸߿մ𶯷ԲǧﶼҡΣһ¶ڱѣһӰƾճ֣ĸ֣ͬգδ֪ĿռģսǴﵽ˺ŵĵز
أ
سֵĸǿ൱ֲĵزȻһȭӲл޵еһȭлǿֲһȭܵ谭𵴵Ĳòһ˶֣˵
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ն֮˱ȭ
ȭлݶеĹȭȫϵıɱ֮¡¡Ĵղϵرѡ
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ҲȭȻлĹͳͳ𵴵籩ϯǼңǼ
лҲĽڽڵˣط뿪
սʣ
лͷһŸ߿֮ϵߣѿڽгһ˶Ҫֲĳƺսʼ
СǱɱսʶϺȵ
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սʼһŭѹؼһ˿̾ɱħɱħ޾ɱлֻһͷɱлݡ
ĳ֣Ǵлļƻ
лսʼԲֵܳģڻܹصʱ򣬿ǰĵȷȷðһսʼ֡
Ժ󳬼ڣ峤׿ԽʹϹ޼ҲսʼϵĴڣΪĶܹճأأ
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׳ХǰҺ̬ľڶûмлֻսܹҺֻ̬ʮ֮һٵĿڲͬˣɴصҲʱﵽһֲĸ߶ȣҺ̬Ҳﵽ൱ߵĳ̶ȡ
Һ̬
ࣣ
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û˻ܷǱ޷ݵģܹ궼е־ľ𺳣־壬£š
սʼֵɫҲ䡣
·ᵽϢ
ݣ
սʼּ̱ȥͬӿգлɱȥ䣬ɵĹҳ׼սʼ۷ֶ޷۾׷ٶȣ֪ٶȴﵽʲôز
ҷ裬л˫Ŀ˸⣬紵죬ǽ׳ͬصſڶսʼֿ񡭡硭


1082  ޵
лʲôҲδоǡ籩ĸִĿзǾ֮ͬ
һ̣·ĸ־صѤõ⣬εӲǽսʼָסˡ
һĻ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
˭Ҳû뵽лȻֻ͵סսʼ֡
ǵĿлĽϣŴ䣬ͨصϵڵл׾ȡ˴ضܹ˵ز
ΨɣλԴ˲ףлܹͨôصҲһ޶ȣϾĴǲƪ̫ܽ˵زģΪлںϡ
ʹл֮ϣʱĸ֮ģأɾʹصһӡ
ܹӳ˹ĸ
𡫡
սʼֿŭ֮˵ܹвģֻлĽֶΡ籩ʩչֱпܵɱлӳ籩
ȫȭɱ
սʼǿ춯أһȭĿռŤѣ¡¡ҪлҪ俪أлϵ
ݣ
һлüļ鴦һƵĹηɳ⿴ɹΣͬʵһ£ȥ쳣ĶˣɵѸٵķŴ֮һɸѹǧѹȵ˶ҪϢˣսʼֶһֻԵĸоĵӿлƸǿԳ죬𶯵ﶼڸĤݣ־
籩
ϵҺ̬ƵѸٵ󣬴ﵽ˴Լʮ׵ĵز·بųͬͨأΪؼΨһ۴ֻ貵ε
أ
Ƶӹǿ޵еսʼֱɱһȭǰͬһֽһѷ䵶ӹֽű㱻ֳ룬һȭҲˣ֮㱻ˡ
ûʲô춯صı죬ûʲôص
ֻǼ򵥵Ĵݻ١
ԽˣԽǼɵƵľ籩ֱûһˣֲ̫̫ˡ

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һѷǽɵĸӣǿʹõĳ޸Ƕ̱ĸӡ
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սʼó̱ӣ߾ٹͷƵնȥһͬ͵Ĺƿնͬض˺һ㡣
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Ķ̱һ֣ҳǹ¡װ֣֣ٵ˵ԺбһϤС
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ӶһۣԷеĿ־ҡ
籩һشսʼ֣ȴҲǳϾսʼֵιһȭġ
ˣ籩ɵƵĹ⻡ûɢֻԵð࣬лһ籩ڿƹһԲת֣֣ԼҸֺȥ
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лҪɱˡ
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ǾȻѡߡ
Ǿ籩ѾȻûе⣬һսѹѾǵˡ

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л
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ҳɵģ
ҡװϸ˸⣬˷ܵĹâл֪˰ɣǼңһԿȴʼռϷ磬ԭֻ֪Ҹ׿ʼ͸ȴ֪ʼ͸Ǵҵ游ʼģǰ󽫽߰˰ʱ䣬ǵεĸУҵˣٺ٣ֻҪҺͳɱҿ㱣֤Ǽ군ֻ飬ҡǰһлʥǼȥĺĲ㵱УҲҵˣԺʥҵˣؽʥԺежͨĵˣӦ֪


1083  Ӧв㣡
֮ǰ־壬ŵװڷЩ֮Ȼ֪ԼƵģǾ汲ʼѾ͸Щܹ־ݶԵ֮£ռݸơ
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ⳡεĶԿǲȡʤǼҵĴǳأԶȷһսĺҪǿ
вңлҲһĨЦ⡣
װЦûҾв㣡˫Ȼܰǵܲ˵һԴʥڲǼڲǳ׵߽⣬УΪҶ
Ŀ𣿡л
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лƽĵ޷
װϸоЦ⣬ţǾɱǸӣǾͿǼҡʥǷΪҵ𡣡
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װûбл壬ЦݸӵĲˡ
㲻˵һˣǼֻܹôսʣֻһδܹأǵУһȴ֧ҵġװ˵Ц
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лߵ˵Ұɣһӣˣѡ
װֵҪؾᣬܲƿص֪Щ˶͸ʲôز̵ĸǷأ˵ףʥǱؽ˶ɲҪСЩ˵ŶǴܲУƻһЩ鱨ܣǺֵġ
ҾԿô𡣡ǹɱȼнһװ
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װδأ
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˵꣬Ҳˣǳ뿪ˡ
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л֪װͽһ̣Ѿʼ㣬װͽشװ֣
֣棬׼ս۷弶ĸֻ֣һˣ˵ʧأٸشô֣п˵һʮĻ֮£ҪȥǿЦˡ
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лЦһܣò˶Ҳعģʥʥ׵ʥϰҡ

˶ԾĿ
ҼٰģˮʥҲʥػʥʵСħ裬ֻҼٰϰʱСħҲٰʥˣΪ˷ֹ֪㽫ˮʥʥˡлЦ
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ǰˡл
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лͷһ֪˵ˣװᵽǼҿܳɾսʵǸп޷أͻ֮ˡ


1084  
񷣬ҳ壬ҲǼұߵģڱչسսʵĸֻҪ߰뱲ǼϹŶȴǼĵˣ׼սλ׼սλʱʧܣ߻ħΣգѾעˣǡǸʱ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻһӽѪڱӡŵûԼʵԼҲܹǿвҷ»ع;Ļᡣ
Żһοǹغıչء
ܷ߳ԼûаգװŻ˵лһ˿޷ء
ܵùֺˡ
Ǵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƳĻˡ
лչ֮ء
ʱһˮ֮ʥء
ˮԵģ䶷ҲԱȽºͣҲ߻ħûôĿ񱩣ǻԭ֮һ
չصĵطǼһ֮أֻһСˮ̶ʵž޴ãһˮʥأˮγˮĿˣŨˮԵԪޱȡ
ˮУһͷѪüëѪƵֻϵϢЩȣһ֪ΣУԶûдﵽӴΣյĵز
񷡣
Сһˡ¶һĨЦ⣬㷽ŵıֺܲսһСˡ
лĵǰˡ
񷲢ûйķϻֱ⣬Ҵ˴Ҫģһܵսʼ֣˵ݣѾȷΪǳ褡
ǳ褣ôôϤأлֹ
Ϊǳ褺ųǧǰʦҶʱĵڶˡ
лɫʱóǧǰˣôܣ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰʵҲ޷Ǵﵽ׼սʰˣǧǰһ˥ǿĶʦҶҲʮˣǳ褼Ȼųǵڶ֣ʵҲֻʮģʮܴﵽһǧ𣿡
׼սʼҲѳ˰һ϶Ĵ𸴣Ҳȷǳ褣ǼĴ½УźŨصһʣԲġ
һӦȥˣȻţ
лԺв뵽һˣǾǻǣ
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ǳ޷ʮľ磬кγ֮ΪʲôǼҵļ¼УкŨصһʣлʵ
ĵǳʵǸʱҶ壬ʱɾʮʱȴֻжʮꡣ
ʲôлԾĵ
ʮɾʮϵĻԻʱϡ棬ǧǰǸ˲˥䣬˵ʱǿҲ޷Ǿʮ֪֣ðһʮʹﵽʮģǱ̬ޱȿµĵزˣʱ򣬻˭ܹ赲ɾ͸߾磿
ǧǰǸʱʷϿ˵˥ʱûǸʱûսֻ֣ǸʱǿʮǸʱҲ֤һ仰ʱǿʱĿʼһɡ񷻺˵ţҶʱǳΪ׵һȺʼðͷǵͶʮ£ȴѾﵽʮλľ磬˵δɾ׼սʶʲôģ٣ӦһµĻԻʱĿʼǡ
лһµʲô
񷳤̾һ˵ƫƫʱ򣬴½еǱһǣȫʧ١
ʧ٣лʿڸɬҺ
ûȫʧ٣ߴϹŴֱӹģǱһȫʧ٣ΪˣʱߴϹŴֵ飬Ϊǵһǿ֣вǡ˵
лʲô
ǣЩǱ°ߵģǻδ֮ǰ㱻˸°ˣݸ֮ģʾ°ǵ·˴˼źܴĬǲûб˴ᷢսǷֱһˡ

ʹʥȺطӿһɣȻ󲿷ֱԼȫһܹɳģǸʱʥءĽ塢ȵȶҪôӡҪôԹ˲ֵܲġ
ʶʹʥϵķӱȻӶԱһʵ
һأ
лǰ櫵Ӱ
̣
ΨһĽ;ˣΨ̲ʸ񣬶µǲ׷ֶεˣǲܵӰģж
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սʼôǸʱ֣ʮָϿκ׼սʼµĸֵģҲǸʱġ͵Ҳл֤սʼһԣаӰħħ
лüëһħı
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ôᣬħħڴ½ϵȻܶ࣬õ˵İɣҺѪӡܵӰľԼЩħ֮ĴڣӦñͳͳٵ˲ǰɡл˵
ħ½νʮźܴĲͬĵΣȴŵħһЩħɣħߵеģʹħһӳʱʹ߱лἤѪɱ䣬пܻħ֡
⻹ΣؼǣһõħϿɣõħǰħڵĶ綷ȵȣһЩħһЩ˼ʱ˼һЩܱ֮ġ
ûܽ⣬ɸߴֵĽʾǵȷǵħһħаӰħһսҲ۲ǳ褵ûдﵽصʸжϲĻӦڴﵽ׼ս۷徳֮󣬾ͱģŸոճأȻʱ䲻Ҳǧʱ䣬ҪȫѪӡڵлָԼĸоôҲҪһϵʱ䣬ǿиģΪʲôˣҲŪɴ˿жϣǳ褸޷ӳǿ෢ӳսʼֿܹľ籩аӰħ
лǸҿһЩڵħħϣƺһϿɣʩչĻħͻŶ֣һƾֶΣлðɫħȵȣһЩеɫΪʲôаӰħûС
ҲҽҪԭ򡣡ɫޱȵ
ǰ˵л
ͷûǳ褲٣еаӰħҲ٣аӰħӵʱ֪аӰħȻͬôֻһֿܣ°ǳ֮ˣֶΣħǿиı
лɫҲ
ħǶǵħϹʥµģǰ꣬ҰճѾˣȴȻڣЩħǶôĿ£Ȼܹıħĸ췽ΪѾﵽ൱ֲĸ߶ˡ
櫷汾̾ǴŵħţǸųħϲһǳ褾Ǳʹʥķ°ߵģȻȺеĳԱˡ
ȺУлǣµ飬ǳ褣һƺڱһ㣬ǵʵѾǰǿһ߳ʹʥǾͽźɨһеʵˡ


1085  
ʹʥȺӣлһ˽⣬Ǳʶнǵǿ̵֣Ĵڣڿлŷ֣ȺӵжȻص͹ˣ̵жϣҲ͹
ҲӶһЩ֣ĿĺȻҪǿԼ̴ڵʱҲǳĳȻ岿ֱӡ䣬ɻһЩӰģЩڲϵ֣Ȼʵ͵õ൱Զʥܱģ̵Ѿܹƾһ֮ԿʥҲδزܡ
һǳ褣ڲϵлṩſܵ鱨
ܽĽֻһǿԶ֮⡣
ǰ֪ʷϣǳ飬׷ٴΣֻһΰɣлʵ
ЩģĳǿǣΪԭ򣬱飬Ҳܱսʼһ
ʥضбսʣôΪûأ
ʥǱӡģ޷ֶͨΣб⣬̺ʹʥϵķǿԡ
ӦûСĻشҲûиһȷĴ𰸡
ǰΪ˵л
ԭܼ򵥣սʼָɲô򵥣ĵƷҪõǶǷǳµģ˵ʩչǱ֤ƷĶҲǷǳϡȱģԾа취Ҳܶ˵ŬܹǿЩӦֻôһβŶԡ
һ˵лҲƺô¡
ܹɵľۼЩﲻԼЩȱǵϣЩ϶ܹڲͬʱһЩ׼սʼĸ֣Щ֮ǰǸãûôȻΪ޷ġ
ǳһˣĻɡ
һ㣬ɶ϶ļѡ
ǰ˵£ǣл
˵ڶ¾ǹԨģԨγɱȽϹŹ֣ҲǧǰҶʱͻȻγɵģԭֻһԨˮ̶ɳЩħ޵ģΪǼȱһλԻħ޷ǳоһ˥ڣȦħޣʹǼħޣһܹҡƽƽǺ֪ô£콵ףԨڣɱһħޣҴӴ֮ÿ춼׵ƾճ֣ˮ̶Ȼ׵֮ˮ̶
׵ˮ̶лȻ
ûˮ̶ڵˮѾ֮ܳΪˮ׵磬ԵģǴﵽս۷徳磬ҲǱȥҸ׼սʾʱǱΪĳЩԭδ׶ˣͱȷˣĹ۲죬ԨͶˣƺһǼ׵Ӱ죬ֱңа
лͷһעġ
һ׼սʼֶ޷ȫǱȥĵطǺöǾͲˣȻһǷƷ
ܶлԣǷǱѰĺöˡ
лҲ޷ܹһˣȫӳ൱ĵ·Ҫߣײǿ״ֻ̬ǸողһˣҪﵽ״ɣǲŽĿֲ
飬ǹװġ˵
װлȻ
ЦǼҲǶǴģװľٶҵע⵱ˣԣǼĺʵҰŵġ
лϲǰŵģô˵ǰӦװƵɣ
ȫҲи߰˰˰ɡЦҵһ󱳣ţҲڱչУ֮ӦûﵽսʼģܽӴװĿľҪǼҳװγֻ֮Ѫӡƻ٣ʹƻòֹͣ˵䣬óһ
ӹлһۣզ࣬Ȼһٶҳÿһҳмʮ֣ÿֺ仰ǼЩΪװɹ飬ǼһЩ˵˺ȵȣϸ
ȫ˵
Ѿ㹻ˣʣµˣҳǰǻ޷ڳĻǶռˡлЦ
ûô򵥣ʣµɵˣݶǳУÿƵǣװǷǳĽһУҳǵϵˣߵĸЩ˲ǹؼҪҳǽЩ
ǣһὫǰĻҳǰġлͷǰһ˵߾磬ǳʧܣҲҪһʱָԣô߻ħأ

̾һ˵˵ԭұѾﵽˣ˵ǵ޵ʱˣͻƣҪ군ˣֻñѡͻƣû뵽ڹؼʱ̣ҵȻ൱һ֡
ţлüëһԱĶǺް취Ҫ˵ŷ棬ƺһЩ취
ȣΪ񣬶ӵ˷ǳΪʥرڵĿռСڣõʥľӶھۼ˰֮Ӱ죬˲ǿġ
лô˵ǰ߻ħ˲ͬˣǲֻҪ㹻ɻָ
ģֻҳѯʹľľλǰҲ޷Ҳ
һе취л
Ȼлɲô򵥵ģľǰ˵޷Ϊǻû۳ʥľԴ۳ʥľԴģֻʥľʥ
лó
ǰ
ǰӦһ°ɡл
εȾ磬õѪڵʵѾﵽһǳµĸ߶ˣֻһۣӦǰϢ
ǣ
лûһʥľԴзǳۺȫǰҪ
һ£񷺱¶һ˿
ԭ޷صģעҪģĻٶȳ֣ܡ
񷵱ù
ͿĽӥͼ΢΢Ĳţһ˻л
ӥԴʹʥ棬л㱩ŰѡԱһƲлڻǰ׻İڣԭǵʱİ׻Ȼ֪սʼĴڣΪԺĽŬϾӥڵõĴ޸һ֮ѾԵı仯ʶһƽӥ޻Ȼû˱Űеֻºͣлľҳϡ
л΢΢һͷ
ӥ㿪ʼ߶ڵһ˿ʥľıԴֱӳڡ
ûƬ̣ԭ˵ͷ㷢˱仯ٶɢһȵҲֱˣţԵĻϵƣҳˣȻͷȫˣͬӤĺûһ˿ƣȴƣƤǿٵƽƾôʧˡ
ž
лС
۾һ˿Ц⣬л΢΢һͷٶȱ۾ָҪչء
л뿪
ǳ
ҳǹ¡ɣ塢ս˶ڵ⻹мĿˣͬڵȴĳ֡
Ϊһ\Ԩ


1086  ʥŮ
ĳ֣Щл֮⣬˵ǼҲûпΣɱϾŸյһ죬ǼұȺɽУ˸ҵģȻҵȡ
ͱ\Ԩ鱨ԳٶţѸٵı鲼½ͺķ档
лּ֣ˡЦ
лƺһЩζƯˡ
һϮɫȹװгѩ׵ļڵ㷢𣬲ǰɢţòδжٱ仯ǺںڵӸԵ䣬͸һţϹһԲ涼һЩĻƣƯ
ͬǰģŮӡ
Ů䶼ʮҵӣɸǱֳʵȻһ׼սλս۷弶ɴ˿ɼǵԲôˣֹĳУҲʾݲһˡ
һǷ֮ǰл̸һµģһ˽£Ǹллֵġޱȣö
лл˿Ѿ\ԨʥŮˣ
ǡͷϡ
ǿףˡлЦ
ݺлֵлóһᣬ\ԨǿгأƶĽԼлǷ⣬Ǿû⣬ǾͿʽΪˡ
ӹᣬл򿪴ԵĿһ顣
ݲֻ࣬ʮ仰
лȻĲϸҲӦǷǳˣϾΪԼûôһ֧ĻҲӦ֪ʥرһ֮ҲЩǵġ
Ҳûϸֽҳ
±ǰǴ̰ɡлڱʾǼҵĿأǱʾ\ԨһΣǳȥ̸̸ɡ
Цд⡣
׼սʼŮ\Ԩҳн档
ǻԾйڽ˵һֶҪģȻȷǩԼ
Լ\Ԩ˵Ƿǳӵġ
лԣȴȻ
νԼʵһƵģԼ˵У˫Υ飬ǾͻԼ䣬лҩָ֮ȫһ䣬첻Լ
Ȼҩָɽһ飬лǲܶ͸¶ģҲ֮һ
ǼΪһս൱һֵطѾ˷棬С
л㵽һľĻ
һ羰СɽйϢͤʯʯΣǵ֮󣬻һЩǼҵŮһЩĵģߡ
лʹĶͨһЦԲûеˡ

óξ˰ɡ
лʼ磬óƿξơ
Ǳ˴һ֮лǰ󲻹ĸµʱ䣬ôокܾûأΪݱˣ
Ϊĳɾ͡ĵһ˸ʥأл֣֪¶ʥ˵𣿡
лҡҡͷ
֪𺳣Ǿȴ˵
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ǿгؿΣյġлЦ
ΣգҲ˲ˣʵʥصʥضԣҪԶ˸гһٱһǧ
лɫľƱξƣȻĵǲΪʥصıҲµרҪǵֶΣʥصҲʼһˣ
ԣĿл
ð죬ſЦлʥزɺϣ֪ˡ
šлһﲱһơ
ȻлѾ֪ˣҲûҪˣû֮ⶨԼһǹؼΪ֪Ļ͵ץסǵ˵ʥضѾɳֿʼػµʥصֶΣǱϾһ޴ǡ
ΪβѡɱأлЦʵ
ɱҡҡͷ˵ܲɱ㣬ɱѵûиˣ
л\Ԩѡ˽·
ֻһԭˣһǾлʥʥ׵ĵ
ᵽлսɣһƶϽʥһֱԺһЩٶҪǺ֧ǣӦúµǿԻǵֶŹɣ
ǡͷ
ϸ˵һ𣿡л
ʥⶼרʥصǾ޻޻ֻһʹǾʥأʥڵıսѣ׼սʼҲ˿սʼʵ㹻ˣȴεķһ㣬޻ȻѪӡӰ죬ҲӦ޻ѪӡӰ죬ǾζǵԶܴﵽľ磬ҲܴﵽϹʱĩڣ˵ļֻѷɫһѣǸ޻ԺܹﵽҲҪ൱ʱ䣬һյĻĽ塢̵ȣôǾΣˣʥо⣬ҵһܹд½ڵ޻Ĵڡ
лЦʵ
Ҳ֪¶֮ɫ
лʼ磬˵һ֧Ҳ൱һǱսʣǸҵġ
ü¶һ˿ԥ
лֿɷ͸¶һֻ֧ҪһϢС˵롣
лҡҡͷЦС
ЩʧĵȻ֪ˣһЩ̲סҪһʡ
Ҷһͺһʣ\Ԩڱսжλһֻסˡл
˱˴һۣЦˡ
ֻЦݶЩɬ
ȻййսҲй˽ףǼΪˣǱ˴˼Ծɲ֪޲ԵĵزǶġ
˵˵ɣʥŮлǸϹۣת˻⡣
ĵҪлֱʾлˣõһöʯھʥŮ֮λʱռȻջˮϿɣ\ԨĹأҼΪ\ԨʥŮҲʸ뵽\ԨĺĲڡ
лҲóŵֵʱ˰ɡ
Ҳ˵ǰǲ\Ԩ
лЦȻһΪѵģҪ㼸⣬ţĴʥصģйħ顣
֪黹Ƕడ
û취˭ʥ겻ģһŲлĶͷһˣһؼ⣬Ҳˣҿ԰ˮɱ׼ʥ
ģл˵꣬ȻվĽе
ͷл˵̫ˣ㻹һ£ôлҰɣ磬Ǳ˴оһ¶Է֮ࡣ


1087  һ
о壿
лĻһڣһֱֳʥŮȻǷźΣϰʥŮݣȻٱȻ޷תˡ
վ˱仯
ʥŮݵλǱĬķ˸ı䣬ָı䣬ԼûзԵʱ򣬲֪Ѿͬˡ
㺦ˣлƣ¾Ʊ˫ַʯϰǰ̽ȥ߰ף˶ĿԷϵÿһλϸϸĺһɲ㣬Ҽǵ͵Ϯεġ
Ժξץסʱָоü䲻ɵһĨ̬۽Ҳ鲻ԽƳ˹ȥ
л֣ǻ̸Ҫ°ɡеһƬ飬ٱɵȻһ˻ҵĸо棬ﰵԾԼŬԼ侲
ã̸Ҫ£ټ뽻лĸ˵ĺأĿ絶һ㣬·𲦿½ϸһ¡
Ǹоһ¡
ϽŤһǰол֣㲻֪Ĵʥصʲô˵ɣ֪޲ԡ
Ҫ֪Ĵʥضмսʡл㿪ڵ
㡭ü
лЦ˵ģĴʥص飬֪޲ԡ
޵
ʥʵ൱ʥų⣬о칬΢ǿһ㣬ʵ˴˵࣬ʵҲ࣬Ĵʥرսжˣ\ԨҲͲ֣˵л\Ԩʵˡ
лƽĵ
һŤͷ𴦣ûлش𣬱ʾĿ顣
лҲ⣬˵ҾӦøƲ˴˵ݣ\ԨʥŮʥ֮ĵģĳ̸һΡ
Ҳ룬עˡЩɺĵ
ݣܶʱ򣬾ǵΪ
ȻӵеȨˣҲϣģõʱ򣬲ŷԼΪȴܶණ
лվ˴ԶĶƣ΢棬ľҲȻĵҵǰѾӡ
ž
Ʊʯ
ЩԾĿлΪʲôЩ
Ծڴɡлûлش⡣
ǡеԼЩ֪ˣҲ֪Ϊʲôѩһʵʥѷһǲܶ࣬ȴҪǿܹӡӶָɣЩ֪ģ˵ǻԵȻǰ߰䣬м¼ȻֻΣηֱǱѩһһ߰ǰǾ˵岢ȻķӡǴ⿿Լʵ
лû
ٶȼӿ𾪵ġ
ȻӡôʵȻҪȱѩ塢һǿһģʥҲֻаʤһˣǴʥҪǿ
ΪʲôҪЩĵơΪлΪҪͻôˬ͸¶Ϣ֮ĹϵҲԶԶûдﵽεģǸоôȻ
лЦƣҲ̫С˰ɡ
ԣȻһ
⻹ǵƣ
ʼлĻˡ
һʱ䣬һϹżʱͻ֪˵ĻǼˡлЦǺǵ˵

лĻ٣ӦӦҪɣǲ˵滰ôӽԺͺлôι̵Ĺϵ㣬˵\ԨʵôҲ\Ԩܡ
һ㣬ĺС
Ǿţ
л˵⻰ʱǷݲ¶ţԭлճ˵飬ȻҲţɸĸоǣǷŲôʵΪǾǳϸĵĵģͲлͺҾȻŷǳеĹϵĸǵҴϵ׽㣬ʼлĻ
лôȻްٵζ
֮Ը˵ҪһЩϹżȻҲл׼Ҳֽ׶ο˵κҪĿĵơ׿Խ͹޼
սǣڱչأ޷أǳģǳΣܷʵҪʱ̵ԼΪǿгضģǹ׿Խ͹޼ȴûⷽ⡣
ؼһǣλʵлĸоսʼ϶ǷǳֲĴڡ
һЩ׼սʳһЩжʵȥʥػǡ֣䵴䵴ǿǺġ
װľٶ֣ҵ׼ս۷弶ֵĳ֣лЩŭȻȥ֮ǰɣ֪ͨ׿ԽҪȥ֣һȦý׼ս۷弶ĸ֣һҲãҲգͳͳɵʾͽ䣬ǵĶֶϲ㡣
ҪСֶϲ㣬չ󣬾ԵĴ
ڹ׿Խģɱ¾лǲܵģĻȻ֣սʼȳصģù׿Խ֮ǣҲ֣һʥǵģʶ׿Խɱ¾ֻ׼׼ս۷弶ĸ֡
⡭
ʱһֻͨɫëĴħԶ
һ£˼ƣнɵͿֻħϡ
ҲŴħ񣿡лЦ
ѾǼͨģǲ\Ԩħġ˵䣬һħı
ֻħ񵱼ſͣһ
ȴһСֽһιɵţ
ߴħҲлǸСֽɫʱ쳣
ȥ֣ɱˡ
лȻûЦɣ֮ǰ֪ͨڵĵط֣ƺǧǰ󲻹һСʱʱ䣬ȥ˸ɱˣ
˵Ǵɱġֽл
ӹһۣлЦǣҵȷҪ֣ڵ׼ս۷弶ɱġ
Ҳ˵ɱ˶׼ս۷弶ģһЩڱչصģݻἰ˾ټŭһЩսʼǿгأ׿ԽһָͷһսʣƮȻȥսʼֵĻᶼûУˡ
ܹһָͷһǿгصսʼ֣սʼǿгǣܵӰٴʵȻսʼܹزˣҲսʼĶڰɣѾ˾磬κӰ졣˵
лһЦһû
˵Ļˡ
ʵɣұΪôҲҪһʱģٺ٣ڿһǵ͹ʵǧ֮ң˲ϢѰ׼սʼּնɱʵҪüΣȥʥغǹал˵ʵȷЩ⡣
ʵǹ׿Խֳʵǿ޷š
⻰еЩವġ
Ĳ˵͹׿ԽֳʵǾսʼǿƳǵҪսܶƽֵĶҵĳˣʱȥһЩطң˿־ģҲףлù׿ԽɱĻĲޣ̶֣սʼֽΧ˵ģҪȥңӶЩԴնɱЩ׼ս۷弶֣Ǿ޶û취ȥܲΪЩȥ͹׿ԽƴɱɣŭĽɱĳڣɱˡ
֮һ仰˭ҹ֣ϣлȴռоԵƣ׶ΣһЩκһҪȴ޷顣
Ҫˡ
лЦô
Ĭã˵֮
лͫ׾һᵽһЩϢ


1088  
˵ݣȻлȨ˵ĻʥǴһУԶԣֻһδļ̳ˣɱϾڵ\ԨĴڱչأµľˡ
˵ǳĺ֮䣬ȻЩѣϾƣɱһЩĻûġ
ȴ˵֮ĺ
˵ĺǾźŨζˡ
λ\ԨʥŮǲǲôȨܴλúȣлûתĨǣȻ˶Ҫ˼Ҳٶѿˡ
¶һ˿ΣҲڰǰ֪һܣȻǴʥŮεģ˴ֱȥҲǴŮ֮ģȴִ֣ĴȻһŮ
Улµʲô
²ʶһ㡣
ŮҲҾʥŮģˮΪ׼ģǺǣΪ˴ŮˮйĽеʯƻ˴ļƻü͸һ˿ʣһݺ⣬ΪˣڳΪʥŮ֮󣬾͸еһɰӿɾ޷ȷ⣬ֱ뿪\Ԩ·ϣ⵽͵Ϯˮ¶ܡ
лüëһ˵ҪϮɱˣ\Ԩȥģ
\Ԩһ֧ǳصΨдʸƿصģݼ⣬ԴҲǺֻ֪ôһ˴ڣɾҲûǺȤǣˮʶһĨЦ⣬Ŵζû뵽ˮѡңû뵽ˮڴһηӡʱ򣬾Ѿˣֻһֱڼװ˯УǣЩ˴ˮķӡˮʶǡ
и⣬ȻҪɱ㣬ôȻߴĸжǿôɵʵӦҪǲٲǰɣλдʧܣлʵ
⣬صһ±ǣлǴ˵Ļ϶Ҫǿܱ֤һġ
ԭܼ򵥣ˮΪ֪ܣȴָмӡʼûиңȴ뿪\Ԩ֮󣬲ʱøֽڸıǵ·ߣֱȷһľۼأŷٶȣЩ˻ᣬΣʱ̣ˮ㷢źţҲܲµ˰ɡ
лˡ
ڵȽ⣬ֲڴ½ľۼأĵԭ֮䶼ǲôгģҲ˶ŽȻˮ֮󣬱Ȼġ
֪Ľ
ô˵ΪʥŮǴΣˡлЦе˵Ҫ㲻ôλأ
ҾУ˴ŮһǶŮΨûк̨ģֻǱȥģΪʥŮ\ԨǴͳˣһ˳ɹδĴδĶֻʵò֣Բҳġ
֡л
Ѿ̽ˣҲ֮⣬ǣҪ̫̣֪ڵľԶĺ޷ܵġлһ˿ɱ
Ҫ֪ǴҪɱû¶ģģɴ˿֪ǸҪȻǳķŭġ
˵ɣôл
ȻЩ˵ˣǾϣлһôˣҪγɽƵĺҲЩԼлս˼ȻϣĴֻлûйֵҪһֱռˡ
Ҫ֧֡˵
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ϷһĨɭɱɱŮ޻
лȻһ£ȴǶİ취ȾתƴͶˣϾǶ̫ϤˣΪܹˣοƤ£ɱ׵ˣһãǾоܹ˻ᣬܵķչԼϾʥŮϾռƵģνһ
ƺ̫ðɣҵѾֹ֣һˣ\ԨѼ鱨ҪͨϷݣƺѰɣͲ±¶лʵ
лֲ˵ле֣ǴˣԵģֻҪɳһλԵȥ־ˡ˵
лҿһ¡
˵Żͨͨͨа顣
ܹó֣ԸģлļУֻаһ˿ˣ˻ĲС
ֳͨˣǧҲܹϵлелˡ
Խͨла顣
ڱչصеаǲ״ŵģлĺһӾѹ
Ƭ֮аӦ
үаӦ
лչЧ
Чܺãҵİұչʱ֮а͸һ˿ϲ
֮ʱ䣿
սҪָҪаĸѣǻҪ൱ʱȥԼ壬տɲܹͨģҪʱ䣬ôа£ӦҲһ˾Ÿµӣ飬ȥ֮ʱ䣬ǾǰɳأھչصĵһѾнĸˡ
ǳһʱĻӰ죿лʵ
šа
лΪѣҪɱʵҲߣҲս߿ܻ׼ս۷弶ĸػţɱ֣һЩչصսʼֵġ
аԣֻҪսʼϵģҶûκεӰ죬׼ս۷弶ҲӰ졣
ã֪ͨлϲ
аͨȻ֪а˵ǷΪ֮
еףлҲ̸еĳ롣
תЦ\Ԩɱ׼ս۷弶ֱˣʲô⣬׼ʲôʾأ
лܻú鷳Ͼ֪ߴÿһ˶Եģ嶼ԵģҪԵģǾͱȻǴģͱȽѵģɴлĿ˵ľȻǲѡ
л֣Ҫ\ԨΣأӦڵҲûٰġѵ
ҪӦǿԣһ˽ȥԼŮļ׼սһɵģһɱ֤κսʼע⡣лŵĵ
˻
̲סһ
ıˡ
ԭһ֮󣬻һЩܹأеսʼ϶ڱȱչأ׿ԽĴȻǷǳ˼ˣðһλԵģζŲǴģôͱлߣȷһɷǳµ
β
ܳԾлЦ
ܳԾȻ֮ǰ˵ʲô֤һָо̧ͷлʥǵʵѾ֪ˣ
лЦʵȷˣǿҲԶĿֲлڵ֪֮Ҳǲŵĵز
ҿ԰˰ɡлϹ¶ɫԵı飬ǸʵؼԼţʲôʵԵıʾأҿɲٵõʲôŵ֮ĸл
Ҫʲôʲô˰Լ͸㣬ûκοԳлˡǰС벽Լǰлţ˵лһ˿⣬֮ӿ졣
лһ½ӿ뻳У˫ְķϣԼĶСãˣ


1089  
ǵһΣлһִ̼УҪ֪椶ʥŮҪģݣ㹻һ˵ˡ
ҲЩӲ
ٱվһֱûʲôйߵĽӴҲռлαˡ
ӵαץĺʱ
ӦлķӦ֮󣬸ǳңӵƺûһ˿
лл
лϷһ˿ЦλٱɵŮ˹ϵεȵУ֪֣Ů֮ﵽٱɽ׶εŮ㣬Ħ۵лҡ
ļҪʹȥ
л
Լô
ǶԼĶݺݵץһѣȻлУѸٵĺˣ뿪Ļ
ŮˣôôݣԺô죿ле
˵ģЩɿл˫ŵǱӣ̲סЦĵ֪ʥŮ˰ɡ
ٺ٣֪Ųѹ·ǰ裬ͬȥɱǸͷлһ˵ӡ
ҪôҪ󣬾ͲлˡЦĵ
лҡҡͷǱԶˡ
ȥĵƺһޱȵĵǱʥŮԶ˰ɣֻڻʱ䣬һȥϾͻᱻϳʥŮ֮λģӦ֪ҲǴʥŮ֮λȥģⷽرоκﶼȻġ
עҪȸܷõһˡлϣϣóһƿ͹ڡ
Ǳ˿лģᱻƭȻᣬЦлְͲҪٸһˣ뷨ĻʹʥϵʱҲ᲻ջˣǻ˵İɡ
˵ɡл
ȷûʲôǷ֮룬УҲǰǿңϾߵŮв٣ѷǰˣŮԽԽõͷˡ
ֻҪ˰ɱŮҾ߳ɵİպ֣ûԼ˵¶һĨ˷֮ɫлֻ֣Ҫܹⲿҵжаգƿ\Ԩ
ƿ\ԨлЦЦĿлϣģԶûôס
лĻɣ˵ðɣȻҪϺҲˣҾĿǰҪ㣬ң͸¶Ƹ㣬ܹķġ
ûҪι̵ĺˣǵĽҵ漰ʥǵ棬лҲбǣǴҵĸоǷǳҰĵһˣԲᵥҺô򵥵ģţа취ԼӰ죬ֻΪʥЩģϣƿ\Ԩܹ֮ʥǽˣ
ȻǿڵƶһԼ
˵Ǹɴ࣬ƶһԼ
ԼûʲôӣǼһ⣬ΪͬΥ
ƶ֮лҲ԰࣬ҲˣڴƣҪõлֲ֧ܹԼҰġ
˵ףҰǷǳģˣܹѡɱŮȡ\ԨĴȨѡҲô飬׻һ仰Ұĺܴ
иԼ˶·ϵصһӼ࣬˵ĸǿˡ
л֣ܹΪʥŮѡˣǽΪ᲻ѡҪΪҵıҲ˵֧֣ƿ\Ԩһʵ㹻ǱҲ൱ǿ\ԨŵʮսʣѪϵϵ˵ܹΪʥŮѡߵԭ
лȻһЦû˵ʲôЩԤ֮УΪûˣܹΪʥŮѡˣô򵥵飬˵̣ܿΪʲôȻҲбʥŮѡ˵һԹġ
û˵ΪǵĺվûдﵽǸ̶ȣлֲҪԹһƣ͵лǰлⱭƣ͵ˡ
ȻϵġлЦӹǱƣһﲱ˸⡣
һۣЦ
ֻЦݺȴвͬлЦУŶһݽΪҰģͬٱɣ̸ǵõ飬ȷǵĵλлҪ뿪޶ȴǶȨĿлеŮ˵Ұδ˶شı仯
ҲԼĿԣǾвأͿսᣬʶǳĽģлͬŽ䱸
˵\Ԩʮսʣлĵ˳ȥ
\ԨʥضֻʮսʴڣΪһһˣͻ֮ܵѪӡգҿԿ϶ĸʥعʮսʣʵҾͲˡ
ʥҪ̽ʵµʲôĴʩлʵ
ɵһЦ
һƣ˵˵ʥأѾʥأҪµģǶʥӵˣΨ\ԨҳɾʥŮ֮λ󣬴ڵһʱͷϳʸרֲǡ
⵹⣬ȻѾŸɵĵ·¹غ\ԨĴȻᰲԼˣ\Ԩİ취ȻģԴΪҪЮлЦ˵壬\Ԩǲʲôã
÷ǳ󡣡˵
лЦ˵
ǹغĸŶˣɲܸκˣЩŮǣȻҪԴˡ
˵ɡлЦ
ǸʥأϹʱӵһͷػޣҲǵݼ칬ͨʨΪףŷǳĳɾͣɴﵽħ޵߼ʵʩѪӡ֮ǵܵӰ죬֮ǰԼͨħӵеһصħÿһŮӻ֮󣬱Ҫȥϴ񣬿ܷ̥Ϊ壬ҳΪ壬ʥصĴУֻҪ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ʵﵽ׼սʾ磬ͨʱػ޵ôٶȣҲʱԼʵĳʱΣﵽǳĸ߶ȣеĴáϸĽ͡
лǼʥҲ̫ɺϵһɡ
ЦȻɺϣôɺϵ飬֮ˣΪѾ֪׷Ҫػ޵ĽҲ˽׷ձնһġ
ô˵㱳֧ߣǺػźܴĹɡл˵
лǴûΪ壬Żȫֵ֧ġЦŴ
л͸ϸһ£\Ԩϵ֮ɣҲ\Ԩڵĵλɹ
Ҫ̽ԼǷʥʵһ˽Ļᣬʥصһ£ȫͨ\ԨƶϳʥصҪǣܹҵʥص˼·һԼյڲ߽ʥأƿʥأ⵹һȴֿеİ취


1090  ġ
Ҫڲ߽ʥصͷһ𣬾Ҳ޷лԺȥˣԭѾֶ֪εĿ¡
ǼҵѾޱ˵һ㡣
ֻҪõõ㹻֧֣ѡ㹻ĻԿκһ߽ġ
оǰ
γװľٶأֻǲͬڣװû⵽ҳ˵İɱΪǼ棬ȡõĴʩ\ԨǺҪɱӶʹϷĵ·ϱҰģȻȻľҪȨˡ
Ĵʥڣֲôһ˵Ļ㲻ܿʥأܹ鱨ṩǳģбǿ߽ʥص
лԽԽô˷С
ʱͷ׼ȥûʱ˷ˣר\ԨΡ
\Ԩ濴ƴȨ˵һƿԴʵ\ԨԶûбôĺгڲļңȻʵǿģ\Ԩһƿ\ԨһЩ˵û֮֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮󣬾淢˱仯ΪǸʥ״һѪӡ⵽ƻͿܵһ֧С壬ȻҲ֧еһλȿǵĻԼС棬ʶ⵽൱صķֻ˵\Ԩ״
ĻҲл֤һ㣬İ취Ըʥص뷨пԵġ
˵ҲȫͳƣܻһЩ֪ģƿصУнһͺ׷ɱҵˣǱԼģ֧ԮڿҪʧص£ܻɱңǹϵѡ˷ΪľԼ棬ҲǴԼŮΪʥŮԭ\ԨҪλãǵܹọ֮̃Ҫ⵽
ҳΪʥŮһ֧ߣҲһСˣʵ̫һ磬ԶԶѷɫȶҲҪѷɫһЩģô˵\Ԩǳ΢ȡЩС壬ֻҪܹõ󲿷ֵС֧֣ô\ԨȨ֣Ʊػ½УҵĻܴ󣬵ֺСܴĻΪʥŮСĻΪʱûмǿĺ֧֣ܹһǿڳ֣ұа˳ɵİգƳȻʳ˾γ㶦ľ档
лĳ´ʣףһ仰һжԼļ󣬳ȻǻۣʵֿԲСȴҲ൱Ŀʧܵġ
ҿ˰նɱŮҲʱΪṩѸʵĻᡣл˵
Ǿ̫ˡܵĵ
лҲҪ˵̫ˣˣЩսʻָʱжϣҪϵʱ䣬Ҳ˵ܴʱ䣬Ҳ꣬Ҫ\ԨӴʵУҪ뽨Լ⣬Ҫʮ꣬ϰʱ䣬ԣһǳȵʱ䡣
ŵĵԼİ취˵΢΢һЦʥŮ֮λɲһְŶ\ԨҲԶлô򵥵ġ
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ͨĻȻ׸ʥصȷϹʱҲ˵ǵƣЩư֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻѾ𽥸գҲȻγԼС壬\ԨʥҲˣĻǾһǧѷĻˡ
һҪⷽٶ
㲻ʥطѣҲܹԼ˽ȥ
㱼䣬лͻȻΪʲô˽ʥأȻԤϵһˡ
\Ԩڿ̵Ĵڣлʵ
ҡͷûУԴɳ屻ȷ̵֮Ǹʥر㿪ʼ˷ǳܵĵ飬ǶǺ޽칬ҳ˼СëǿԶ϶ʥڿ϶͸̵ⷽʥʼնϵġ
ӦԤϵʥڵ״ˣǵ͸ȥıϾҲֻ࣬һС壬пܻʱ䣬һЩٶģʱǧҪע⡣л
ţⷽѾע⣬İɣ壬ֻҪΪﵽһ磬ܹжϳһ˵Ѫ״̣һߵħѪõġԴ˵ʶҲԵİ취
лͷ˵Ļ㲻ࡣ
ţ뵽ʲô飬һǵӣһ飬Ҫرл֡
ʲô£л
Ҵ֧ҵһλսʿе֪һ飬ڴ½һĶоƬ˵ܼϣ޷á˵
Ƭ
Ķ
лԺ۵ӰӣƺҲֻܹҪˣصۣһֱһЩ޷εĻ룬ֱ۾򵥣ŷǷá
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һۣһţоƬʲôãǾͲö֪ˡ˵λսԣʩչѪӡʱѾ׶Σѷ۷ʱڣܹӳȫǽƬ۵
лһ¡
۵Ȼǿ󣬾Ҳδܹӳȫ
л֣㲻о۰ɣԸолһ˲ı仯ٱɽ׶ΣȻ˵ķӦеģᵽʱҲرע۲ˡ
лЦʹʥõһƬֻʼղ֪ʲô
ɷҿ
л㽫öšš۽֮ǰ˵ƺҲЩ
ܣô֪۵Ҳ֪һӳǧˡشĺܼ
ǧꣿΪʲôãлʵ
ƬۣдݳıϢ̾ѣһŻشл⣬ʱֻѡһӳָʵǻħûͨ˼ͨһԼħ˼κͷѡ˺ߣҲˣǸʥ֪˻ԵĺУȻ
Ӣۣ
лǳַ̬ȣǷеģľٶȴˣġ
㱳λսʶ۶˵Щʲôлʵ
۽л֪ҲޣֻʥصĸһͬѰһصʱ˭֪ǸνؾȻǱµļƲߣǾһӵû뵽·ȻĴһصıأһʮǰµļˮ˹һЩ˵
ʮǰ
лۣУƺ뵽Щʲô
ֻǸˮЩ𻵣ʱ̫ԶԴϢҲޣἰʮǰеһǿģ˺ųƹһˣϹʥҲ˶Ϊڶ˵ģ򱻳Ϊ˻ʣϹʥʵţΪΪ˻ʣ˵һˣϹʥԼ˵ֻǵڶˣ˲˻ʡ˵
۵ǵʱɱڴʹУһЩ۰ɡл
ЦҾ֪϶㣬ûƬ۾ʳɾǵʱڵġ
лǼˮҲһõ˵ûаɣ
У˵һáɫޱĵ
лһ۶ڴĿ
۵ʲôأ


1091  Ԩͻơһ
۵ãлڴ
лӣ̲סЦлְҵļУʲô飬ǴӲϲɫԿ仯ȴоǳǿҵڴŶ
˵ɡлķһơ
ܵľٶ΢΢һ졣
ұλսҲֻ֪һ㣬˵ܹһ˵ѪȣߵħֵѪϡ٣һô۾ܹ˵̵ˣΣ˵
лôһʧ
ϣ֪۾̺ĳ϶ĳʵصȵȣѪ˵ûǷǳġ
̺УʵǿҪǰڸڰǵ֣ڣô˭̵ˣԶ׼ˣҲһôǳصˡ
Щʧӡչȥ¶ӣҪ֪κһҵ̰ڼ飬ȴʼûа취öȻеʧ⻹ֻ۵һðˣߺߣҪǴ򲻹㣬ʥŮ϶۸ˡ
лЦûôŰɡ
֪еöۣҲϹʥǿʢʱڣͨĥѲŵõģ˵۱ҪĳʱŻģڿҲʱˣ۳ñȻǳľ˵ģϹʥʵʱǶƬŷǳȤġ˵
ף۱ͺءл˵Ž
һֹлæܶ࣬ҪʱˣĿţȴʹãζĲˬ
ͤ˵ЦȾƣˮĽлҲˣҪȵ׼սʼҲûѯʾġ
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˱㷵ǳ
ʰսЩڳѾЩָˣǽǳһ˵ȶڵǣԼҲѾ̸ֻлǩԼ֣һѪԼˡ
Щ飬ں̵ܶʱڱˡ
뿪ˡ
Ҫ췵\ԨԼǵᱻûݻٵаҲõл֪ͨȥ˻ϡ
ǳʣ¼ԱлóǷ񷽻ҸҳˣѾָܹصϢȻһϲģҸԱʾ̵ʱڣûм¼һЩװߵ˸
̸֮лѡԨ
Ҫȥ
ԨλǼڳǶһڣνڳʵǼҵһЩءܵΪΧȦģԨڵĽظŽΪԨһ˸޷ǲһ˿ġ
Ԩл֪Ԩ֮
νԨʵһ׵Ԩγɵģ˭Ҳ֪ΧŷǳǿҵԪԵģлվԨԱߣͿԨ·Լһ׵ĵط׵˸ţЩ׵綼ˮͰϸһĵڿзš
лû˵ȥ
ϸ۲죬ǼṩһЩԨϽжգǼἰһЩ׵磬ÿһһĹڷţѭһ֮ÿһ׵ͻһЩ׵ľԨײ׵Ҳ֮ɢžͻһµ׵ԭɣȥ֮ǰĶ
ѵһȻγɵ󣿡лĵ
ѾΪ֮ѪӡƳɹȴԴԨͣģģл޻ɣȻġ
Ȼ󣬿ȥܲ˼飬ȴûпܣͬˮγɣǴȻγɵģΪġ
лһƽһ飬Ҳ
׹ҫ׻塣
лŻ½
Щ׵Լʮ׵ʱлӦЩ׵ƺдҪļƣԨһص㣬һ룬ͻ⵽׵繥׵׼սʶͷ۵ġ
лƿס
ף׵νܴﵽļͨ׵޷乹вģл½һ̶ȣЩ׵֮󣬱ų⣬лǺӰġ
ʥõģֻлû͸Ԩ֮ǰǲðյġ
׵лչĶͨȫĲ鿴
Ķ죬ϵ½ûãҲǱǧ׵ľ룬Ԩ֮Ҳõ֤ʵ·׵ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ
׵ֻǴ׵磬ô׵׵羫£Ȼ൱׵羫ꡣ
׵羫꣬ǿγ׵Ļ
лӵ֮ǰҲʹʥõ׵羫꣬ӥڵõף׵羫꣬ӵͻƳΪ׵׵羫Ȼ˵ĳ㡣
лһɳ嶯Ҫ׽Щ׵羫յܹ൱ġ
׾ɻ൱ңԶ·Ҫء
£л㿴ˣ׵羫꿪ʼһףֻƺҲֻǱԵ
лһֺĸо
ΧģƺҲˡ
Ǳܿ׵ļҲõ
Ǳǧ֮л㿴˵׵֮ˮˮҲ˵ס
ˮÿһˮڶһ׵硣
Ǵ׵ΪˮΪشڡ
л˫׵֮ˮϷǵ˵׵󣬱𿴲ףΪ׵ƺ׽УʶףȴҪ¡
ž
ٵ׵粨ٿȻˮ
Щ׵леզ࣬жϣܹս۷弶ֶͷۣˡ
׼ǷӲǼľԳȻҲЩ׵޿κΣһֵ׵羫̼ԾԾ
лһ³ȥ
ˮ׵ӿֲ
ǧ׵ϣ׵¡¡лȥÿһ׵綼ˮͰϸ·һĵ׵İٱֹ
л˫һɢһ׹֣׵Ϯ
¡¡׵ϣлȫӣ׵϶УΧͬʱ½׵ҲԽԽ
ӽײʱлҲǿˡ


1092  Ԩͻơ
һرСˮ̶֮ΪСˮ̶Ϊ滹һˮĻ׵硣
Сˮ̶׶೤׿ӣе׵綼ɫģл׵˽⣬Ǿǲѷɫ׵Ϊ֮ǰǳµһ׵磬ȷγ׵ĹУֻǾͣǻҪ൱һʱ䡣
ɫ׵ˮ̶ڣ׹ҫУƺһЩ鶯ϢСˮ̶Щ׵粻ϵؽһЩ׵羫Уڴ߶Сˮ̶ڵ׵ɱ䡣
лƮСˮ̶Աߡ
Сˮ̶ˮһĸ롣
Ǳ˴˲ֻǲϵؼȡ׵羫վлͷֳСˮ̶ڵ׵磬ƺе׵綼ʼҵĺ
лһЦóȭ״ϣ䣬ʩչҽķԼұۣȻ׻֣л֣Сˮ̶̽ȥ׵繥ĿƣЧ
̽ȥл͸еһǿ˺
γ׵׵ʼ˺ǿףˣ׵ѹ֮£ıԾδʲôв
Сˮ̶ǺԼ߰ʮ׵ĺȡ
ž
´Լʮףл͸еԼʲôסˣֱ΢΢ζ׵㱻ȷ뿪¶һ϶лԿĶ
һл۾Բˡ
ǺȻһɫΣ
ˣ
лͷһ漴ˣ˵Ļ¾ӵ׵Ҳ޷Ϣɡ

һ𶯡
Щ׵㱻ǿи뿪ȵĶѻСˮ̶ıԵλãĵطֳҲлεӡ
ս꣡лϵս꣡
ΣҲ𺳲ѡ
ǺȻһߺʯһصΣѾ۳Σʯͷĺۼȫɱ䣬ѿս꣬ˡ
ֻ׵ȴ൱Ũġ
ս꣬԰׵ս꣬սʵһΣҲսʼĳˡ
ֳսΣȻǷǳһ̡
ҿĿǰӣҪ׵ĳͲĳɾսģǾͲһʱģҲðΪλġ
лս굹ûж뷨ϾûгͣǾûʲôãĿӹ
ϸ
ͷ֣γɵս˫Ϸڸλãƺʲô˸ŵĹΡ
лֽȥ˳
ۣлϲ
ǰǾƬеһлоԼõǡġۺ͡šۣʶоرͬ籾Դ͵ħıԴ
ֱԴڻһҲֻܹ
лתۣһ֡
ռƬۣлãѰ
ջ񣬲һƬۣѾ㹻˷ܲˣοڶ׵գٶҲԽ˻ͻƵġ
һ·һ·鿴лѾ
׵ǿճܹõģҲ׵֮ˮˣЩγףҲãϾճɲǴܹģܴġ
лоһۣöӦҲûٳֳֵֻþΣǡۺ͡ġ۵Ӵƺһ˿صϵֻǺ˵嵽ʲôϵ
𣬱㿪ʼ
˷Ҳһȫ
֮żǾʮʮ۷弶ĿԽսս۷弶ĿԽԽԶΪģƾԼԾʵ㹻ЩҲܿһ޷ͻƵġ
ΪĿã֮Ѫӡˣлţ϶衢Ҷ˶ѾӵʱͻƵĿܡ
ջǱڵġ
лţЩ˶ξ磬ǺɵģֻҪﵽҪ󣬱ܹڵһʱġ
ھǶĻҲֻһСξˡ
׵ʥأлŰĿһʱ䣬ܹһʱڴﵽҪġ
ǣлھսγɵʮ׵ĵطѡһλã׵Ҫγ׵ģҲǷǳµģлĽճ廹޷ܵģѡλãл·ѵ
׵ıȥı
лʼ
ܿȥһˣл״̬ﵽѣؼԪĻ۹ȥ
׵ҲٵĻлϣϵؽϵش壬ȫУҲʥ
ɽǼҴԼһǧɽڽӽɽıԵλˣ˵ػݷï\Ԩһڴ˵صȺһˡ
ʥŮ׼սʼŮվһտĵطԶ鿴ΧΡ
ʥŮл𣿡׼սʼŮʵ
̾һǻҵ֧𣿡
л¡Ů˵
ʵɣս\ԨʥǹչƴɱĻʥǿ϶ʤġ
Ůӵһôܣ
ͷһӹɣѾ֤ʵˣڵǣжǺ˵ʵԼ֪\ԨΣҲ֪Σʱ򣬱ֲ֧ܶɹѹصģҿǴбɱ֮ĵģҪȡʥŮ֮λǱҪж
ǿʥص˰칬Ů˵
ɣĵ칬ҰĲǵǲΪãɱ֮ģϵҲһ뾡취ǣǻʤ·칬ƿˣлͬһЩϣֻҪܹõϿɣҪǶǶ֣ôǼҡҡ塢ҹħȸοȻᵣԼģɴ˵ġ
Ů΢΢ͷˣɹʥڸûܹ\ԨʱǷƷʥǣΪİ


1093  Ԩͻơ
Ʒʥ𣿡ĵǰлϷһĻӹлȺۣħһĻ治ϵǰζɵ뵽ΪʥŮ֮ȻѹƣԾմȨɱζ֮ǰЩģȨڶ˵̫ңԶˡ
Ů⻰һϲ
̫ңԶǲô
⿴Ʋ¶ȴʵһ档
ʥŮˡ
ڶϷһȶ˵ӰԶշңԶʣֻһС㣬գۼ䣬ǧ֮ң㱻ԽֻǼ䣬Ѿɽ۵ϿգȻǾа顣
ȻǶɾģòʱ֮Ѿָаģ
аս־ɵģŮòǵ֮Ǻųƴ½һŮľѷɫǱ鶯ϢӣҪ߳һߡ
ĳ֣òΪƷŮҪΪ֮ʧ
\ԨʥŮа鿪ڵöȪˮʣ˸е˵̹
ȻѹҾʹǣ
Ҽүġа
үлл֣ʵ
а΢΢һͷ
㣿Ůӵ
ҼүǣֻʥŮ֪Ҫð䣬Ҳ޴֪а鵭˵
Ůӵҵĵʵ
ߣ
аһһһεѹͷųֻһ£ѹȵŮӵһѪĺ߰˲
Ůӿ׼սʼġ
ԣ
Ȼаݣа֪лģҲֻԼҪû֣޴ӵ֪ĵл֮˵ԣֻҪԣ֤Ǵ壬һ
ʱ򣬲олνƵǿͬʱһͷҲͷлӦ˰ֻô𣿾ûгû˼˼
ͨһ㣬͸е󱳱ҰĵƱˮһ½˲٣Ҳ侲ࡣ
Ԩ׵֮ˮ·лȫ׵縲ǣٵ濴ȥ޷Ρ
׵粻ϵؽڣĶ
ʵܹоٶȲϵţͬʱճҲڲϵǿš
䣬䡣
Ҳ֪˶೤ʱ䣬лһԭ۾һĨâ˸
ѾﵽսĻ
ҪľһζһοԽһγԽ
лٶܰ㣬һ۾ǰ׵֮ˮ֪䣬ǾͲһ߱ľٶȽһľˣ·Ϊǧ׵еһ⣬׵֮ˮںϡ
׵籩ǿʢ˥лôĸţʥҲʱȻֹͣ
ûȥֻ
һȫµĸ
һ׵Ƶ㷢ĺӴͬǧͷģƺƵģ춯ذ㣬׵˳Ǳ˴˵ţظţһΪֲĵ
л˫Ҳһ档
ǺȻǵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƳʱӥЯǧ׵磬ɳһĻ׳ı׳
Ҳ·ӥһ̣õ
֪ǷΪ仯ԭ򣬾޴׵У׵籩ţ˷л
Щ׵ȴ۳ɵӣȻӥӡ
ÿһ׵һӥÿһӥڰһֹš
лľ·壬ƮȻ֮УҲΪӥΪصһ磬һ磬һĨ⣬Ϊһɸ۵ӥһָһȻлĵӿ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬л˫Ŀеľʧָֻ׷һХҷ裬Χ׵ҲȻȴһХɵƿ׵֮ˮǧ׵谭յ׵ɣֱգһ춯صף𵴵ǼҵϿնҡΡ
Ǽڴ˷׷׵߳
ǳµҳǹµҲ׷ͣԨķ϶¶һ˿֮ɫ
ͻˡҳЩпĵ
ʮս۷弶ǹ¸̾䣬ʵжϣȻǿߵĲѡ
ҳû֮Ѫӡֻ⵽ƻδȫҪﵽʵЩսǣҲûмܹΪľ磬ͬѪӡδ⵽ƻ֮ǰսʼһ츳Կӵĳɫ
ǹЦΪʲôΪ
ֱԨҲȻûе·ҲӦԨ·ûʲôܹ˶ĶôΪܹˣǾֻһ𰸣ճչ㳡ϵħ޳֮Ѫӡʱ쳣̵ĸڴＳȡ֣ܹͻƣָԶģҪ֪ħͨһѾﵽǵ۷ڣǸĸҲǷǳĲƽġҳ˵
˶ΪȻ
˵֮ǰǶлʶֻ紫ţԼǼҵһЩ鱨ķ棬ЩǷȱģϾûۼܹЩĵģлǵֻ𺳣㹻ֲеһ˿ˡ
ڳǳǵڡ
װɫԲǰΧҲһЩˣоĶǳһɫصĿ¡
лǼˣ¶˵ǾԵģǰڸص˶ڱһľȻûж֣ǶѾȷعˣֻΪǻûȫڳǵˣûвȡжλãڸô죿ǳɫޱȣü͸һɺ⡣
ǰɱĺʼƽ
һŻɫߵǲҲʾҶѾ˺ˣǶΨһɵľ߰ЩˣǱͳͳʱ򣬾Ҫǽдϴˡ
У˶ˣ˵뿪ǼңڳǶ뿪Ƿǲȡ㣬ӲֶΣһǰڸطˣҪǽӴ㱨һЩϢѯһЩȻᱻǸӶȥǵȫعˣһȫع⣬Ǿǵڣܼܲɣһߺ޺޵ĵ
ǵ˵ȷᱩ¶һЩؼһЩˣ϶ᱩ¶ġǳŵ˵ĵĻЩˣֻҪ޷ڳ޷Ƕ֡
⻰ǲ̫һ㣿ߵ
ǳЦʵǿ֪ǾεĸУһЩǵˣЩǣܷڳ𣿶бҪǿͨǣ֪뿪Ǽҡ
߰뿪Σ֮ء߾ϲ
װһ
ǻ߸Ͻͣ˶װ
뿪ǵļƻѵΪǻ᲻֪Լĸпܴǵˣһ뿪Щ˾ͻᱩ¶ʱ뿪ǼûжԶͻᱻΧǲϴȫġװĵ
ĻһЩ˰ԵͷϿɡ
ܲôɣߵ
ǿ϶ġװЦҪ뷴ΪʤûϣģֻҪɱлɡ
߿Цɱôɱд䣬һսʼֶܿģȻȥʱˣսʼҪ벻ӰĳأٻҪʱ䣬ЩѾص׼սȴлá
װӳһƵ鼮
鼮ǳģһЩ汻ú߱ġ
ϸһ
˵۾
ݺܼ򵥣һһˮͨһΪ䡱ɶƴ伳ȡص


1094  Ƕ󣬰ȭһ
ԭѹֵڻԾ
ǳҲ¶˿ϲ֮ɫץסǱ鼮ܵĵ̫ˣ̫ˣûд䣬лƨɱ練ƣҪɱɱΪҶѩޣ
ȣ
ȿڵĻһܵʱѹȥ˶װ£ڵλߵģλҪ˵̫ˣˮȻ٣ҪҵӵߣҲѣؼ⻹ǡ䡯ǵһ˵װֿҵ֮ˣ
ؼ⻹а취ܷ취ʩչ
ҾСװ˵ˣĵǲһֱ֣Ǻ֣ܴĸ濴ǶǱȽϺʵѡΪʲôһѡ֣Ϊ֣ʮǰõһأŷǳȫԵҵĽ֮ѾƣҵҲǱȻġ
ǳ˷ܵĵ֮лʩչߣлһл뿪Ǳܽлնɱ
װЦѾ֪֣ͨѾǼΧֻл뿪ɽлһʥǱؽ߽⣡
ԨһХ죬лǿƿս۷弶ʵҲǵõȫļҺ̬ٿصҲõ൱
лǻԭаǿʵﵽս۷弶ľ磬ʱȻϤʩչ˷Լ룬ϤʱҲرĿ졣
һʱԼ
һлϱһɶ֣һ±㽫Щܳ׵俪
ͬʱһ𶯴
״л
лһץױ㻯һСԲƵشڣ˸ɫĹΣƾол֪ʱ䣬ڿޣҲڷΧ׵羫ڵ˵һξ룬ȴǱлԨ֮ǰѾһ顣
˵֮ǰлսʱֻܷĳɵʵҲܹԿ׼սλֵôڵĳɵȻսԿ׼սλֵĻҪռϷˣǱڵı仯ƲԣսʱǲŻֲֳı仯
лս۷弶ʩչ׵ǿ
һҪ׼սλӵͷˡ
лվһ
׵ٶȺϡ
ûκηлԼճɣҲһִİ취׵缰Ҳֻǲһ˿˿ʹлԣָоȫԺԲƣҪ֪壬õʱ൱ʹġ
׵Ѿ޷ʥˡлЩʧĵ
ʥصļ壬൱ľ룬ʥصļһشĿԽвµ䣬ǾǣϹʥʽĻʳʱڣһٴﵽؼĲʮˣһصļ壬ҲζţŷǳİЩδĳɾͶ͡
лҲܹһڣͻЩľӢǶһ޷ͻƵľ磬ֻԨڼ˽ʮ죬뿪
صĵ磬˱ǳĻٶȼ
ε٣ֻˣǾҳǹ¡սԼɣ壬лǵĸҲڡ
ľͻٶ֮죬Һܻɣ˭ȴﵽսʼҳЦ
лȻʧЦǰҪЦˣԪ˳棬㱾Ѿ׼ս۷弶൱ۺĻܹܿͻƵģҾͻźܶء
Ȼս۷弶׼ս֮ľ룬ѾԭôѣԣܹٶȵĿսʼġҳ˵ǰ죬ȷͻ֮صռ鱨֣䶯֣ȻҲڱչأͬǶ򣬲ͬȡʮ۷弶Ĳ൱Ǳˡ
ս۷ʮ۷壬ֻǲһսҪʮ۷ս۷壬ǿɲһһϦģǳµʱ䣬սս۷弶ҪǷǳѵģͺЩǿʵ֮ˣЩֱܹӿսǾû˿Դﵽս۷弶ɴ˿ɼĶҪ֮ߡ
ˣѾҵĿǷΧˡлĵ
Ÿչ¶ɡ
û櫵䶯֣ͱл˦ȥˣͬǷġ
ұչ£װʲôٶлתƻ⡣
ҳЦս˵ɣΪ˷ֹװˣһֱսԸġ
ս΢һ˼·ǲȡİ취װ˽㣬֮䳡ϣװѾıѾٶ˿϶ῪʼһЩģЩһˣڶм¼ҲѣѰǣûеˣЩ˲װĵƣʱ䣬ܹ۲졣ɫЩصĿҳǹһۣǵĸУٶװˣ⻹Щûбҷ֡
ҳϵļ鶯һ¡
ͬ˴⣬ѿ
ʱˣҶȻִˣҳĵʶĸǷǳĺõģȻպޡ
ҳڼ飬ֻʱ⣬ҪǵǣҳЩˣα֤ǣȻ͸¶Ϣǣתǣ֣صĴлЦ˵
սһһϢ֪װⰲοţ£˵һһܾѾв˴˳ЩѾʥǣ˵ȥƻģҪʥ˺
л˱˴˿һۣ漴ôЦ
صҳҲǴЦȥʥǵң˺˵ЦЦˡ
òȥȥˣǾȥ޻ˡлЦ˵ˣʥǵĴϹ޼һֻ־ܹЩͳͳնɱˣֻȥɱġ
лעǣһܾ
ζţѩıѩܾҲѾĸֶѾʼ߳ˣҲȻγɡ
ұչ£ʲô·лʵ
ҳûʲôش飬ƺƽڣԼʵûʲô꣬ͻսʳʱҲͿʼĽˣڴ֮ǰǰжġ
лˣҲҪʱ䣬ĻҴȥһˡ
ǼҺʥǵĸ֮ҺǼһҲһװƵл֪ȥ˲УоһЩһЩģҪԼ
ţȥҲãϾҵǼ̫ˣҽ㻹ȲҪߡҳ˵ǼңһǶ󣬰ȥһ򣬶Ժܴġ
Ƕ󣿡лǵһ˵
ҳǶǼҵܱأΨڶŷǷ츳ˣʸģĴڣǼһĺĵҲ֪ڶĳɾͣĿǰΪֹҼǿһˣܽиεȥ򶷼İİȻǳġ
ôһطҿҪȥԿˡлЦ
԰ȭ۶һЩ뷨
ȭһʽݡǸоԼֻһƤëʼ޷ȥ
Ƭֶۣƺ̺һ϶ͬûκε
оǡɲǷⱻһʦҶΪ϶ֶΣлҲʼûвôһԶЧǶڣôܻ
һ˵̸һлս͵Ƕ⡣


1095  Ƕ󣬰ȭ
Ƕȥһͨĸ¥ֻرǣɫģǼڳĽǵЩֻͬһۣܿǶȻѾɺܾԶˡ
սлŶ롣
ǼҵĹأǶʵ㹻㹻Ķ츳Ҳ޷ġ
Ϊˣлûеõʲô͡
ƿţһɹӲϢ
Ƕ󣬷·ǰʱܿտźŨԪֻԪоͬһʱģվУʱ⵹عǰĸо
֨֨
Ƕķйرա
һ죬һƬڰС
лҪȥٿԼĶʩչĶֶ֮ͨΣȴ·һصˡ
˶·վһںķڣκ׶һ˵һЩӰġ
лһԼƽһƨڵϡ
Ҳȥ׷ʲôͬ˯һ㡣
Ҳ֪˶ãһĨͻȻ
лŤͷȥֻǽ棬һ棬Ҳ֪Ǳڻĳֶһֻա
ϣһӾڸɽۣ֮ǿգǵ׺ټ
Ȼֻһлȥһ֣ɽۣ侫Ѿ뵽޾ǿգΪеһǡ
֮ڶҲԱ߸ֳ
ǿԾǣѾû˸ɽӰټֻһǿա
һվգǿա
ķΨһ¡
Ψһǡ
ܹлĿӹЩ˵ľҲ˶ݵƮУ޵
͡
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壬һС
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ЩͬʱлԺиֵפڣһʦҶʩչĻ档
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ٴλζ֮ǰ԰ȭ򣬰ҶʩչĻ棬бǶԼһЩĸ
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ܲѣ񶯵䣬ȭߴ󶷼İ岻ϵļʣһ˿Цǣôһȭˣ
йƵ磬пռ䶷һδεɱ䣬ﵽؿռӵĸ߶ȣбɱ棬ΪɱһжлԽЩǿǴĶиı䣬
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ȭֶХİҲͷţЩȫᡣ


1096  ϡһ
һȭлĶࡣ
һȭлζǶϷѾûǳ鲼ǿվ󣬾ǵ׺һЩ챦ʯķһЩ򵥵ͼ棬ΧǽҲһЩǳͼû
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лζ֮ǰĸ̵ıǶԶ⣬νĶ壬ɲĳһֶͳȫ
Ҫǣȭĸ
ĿǷֵӰһȭлȻ򣬶԰ȭǰֶ˸ε⡣
˵Ժʩչ˭졢Х񷣬ᱶģģҪ֮ǰǿʢࡣ
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Ƕջܶడл۽ܡաˡ
Щһ΢ЦȻǺԼ뿪ʹʥ֮һЩ仯
ǴȴҪǶ֮⣬¡۽˵ǰЭǼλǰԸװġ
ҳЦӭ
ҳô۽ܣлЦǰɲҪСŶ벻輸죬İװߣܱڳˣұ֤װġ
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۽Цлͱ̧ˡ
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лƤ񣬼ΣҲ֪ûʲôҪ£㱧סŮУˡ


1097  ϡ
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֮£Ǳ㵽סСԺڣڳǵһԻĵĵط
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лǰס֣Ŀԣһ㽫ӵ뻳С
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ֵĸоһ£۵ʱ糺һƬԾɱлĵͷ
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ڵлҲ֪ʲô̬ȣǱε׷ɱȴֲսһ˿ҵ壬е֮䣬ƺôǰˡ
ܺá˵зһĨݵĹâǰǽʹʥһ֮ʦϽʥǣְƿصĺҵЩʥǣʦչأֹʮǰأҲ֪ôģȻһʱ䣬ﵽ׼սλľ磬ͻٶ֮죬Ͻ뿪ˡ
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ʲôлźܴĽ䱸Ѿʥ֮ˣҲȷģɿ˵ĻԣԾ
ʦ뿪ʥ֮ǰʹĹ޼йһγ̸˵ϣ㾡Ĵﵽ׼սʼܹɲٿ֮׷ӡǵħ˼֮Ψһ϶ŷǳİ˵
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ڳѪԵʣлҲֻǿţת巢йڡ
һУͿӷˣһ˵ѩϣɢŶǵջлĸǻñɣ±ȥ


1098  ɱɱ١һ
һĴս˱ĿһŷŵĿζлӵĽĿҪˣ²֪ζⷽźǿҵĳ嶯Ǻս졣
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ɻ
л˫ַԺϷҲɵľСȻ׼ɼΡ
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ţҪ֪ͨ㣬Ůƣżǰȥϣ˵ҪһοϲĽֺͬ̽αԼȫˣ뺣ߵһЩʵѷɫߵǵλôھ½һЩǿ󺣵Ҳ֮С˵
ڴ\ԨѾ֪ʥֺĸԭǾҪҳʵµ󻼣ֻΪʲôҪ뺣ϣҲ
һٶл֣⺣Ǳսʳ֮ǰǰճˡ

ϾЩսͳͳأԣжǲģϾʵδﵽսһ̸µĵز֮Ĵ̼䣬չ֮ĵʹôƵġ
˵ǵĿʲô𣿡лʵ
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лһ֪ЩʥǶʥǡǡ֣̬ȣǾǸûһ £ҪͱϵĵλȻǾѽܵģǡ֣бѩһܹʥؿ֧֣ӲܣоСĶԿʤԸʥԶǰ㾴أʶֽǺġ
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ش˵Ůʲô֮Ѫӡ֮ҲԼ֪ǵǰģص̸е룬ղȷǵλģ˵Ǿҡѩ塢Ůġ
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лЦãǿӪͲʲôΣգ
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΢һ£лЦҶ˽⣬϶뵽ǵĿģôʥֵ֧ĺ϶ƻģ֣ԴһƻжģһĶǰţ˵ɣĿʲô
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ڴɣǼңҪɣͻҲƺˣѾչأͬеֻʰ
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һ·У뿪ǼҴԼٶ֮лҲ뿪ǼеԴ⣬ǳַԵһЩǼҾݵ㡣
лһ߸·Ժһ˼Űȭİ塣
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ڰȭԽолԽһԼڶȫĸоͬһʦҶðȭ⶷졢ļɺͷ
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һ£ܹմһƻڣ˾ٻ֣Ը˵
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һ߶֮ĵ
һ˿ѸٵĴ֮ͷųתлڣתƵ˫·Ĵ档
εĴ߶лͿ֮һεС
ÿδ߶֮ĵ֮ľͻСһ࣬ȥлƣҲĴ֮ٵĴ֮ľͻϵһ£ȷǷᱻƣһ䱻ƣǲԺʩչĻͿ˶ɷǳµĺϾһʩչ䣬ǾζĶ֣ǿ󵽱̬زġ
䶯
лʼȡص
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ȼգˮ˲ֵĲ̶ͬȵİͻ֮£лĴȻ޷Ӵھȡ
ʱʧȥã


1099  ɱɱ١
ȻжܹԴ𵽶Ƶãлμģ֮һΣҲֵõģԺע⣬ܴӰ죬ˮͨһںԴġ
лҲ֪κζ޵еģͬǿ󣬿ҲУʵħޣǾȻİڣֻû뵽Ÿոʱ򣬾а취Դ䡣
ֻԼˡ
лûʲôšǣеսĿսһ߶ԣǾʵݾİ취ͨϵɱϵսɼһ˵Ǳ
սѪʼˡ
ս۷弶һս
ʧЧ˰ɡƻЦеĵ
лȻһЦʧЧΣƾǻκҲá
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񱩾񣬻ǵ𣿲裬Ǳ𣿡л
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ƻ΢΢һͷСġ
޷սһȻͷɫ裬·һɫʳָָлṴ˹лɡ
лһ顣
ս˿װ˻δȷѾս۷弶ˣû֪ͨǡ
Ǿ㳢ͷɣлóȭףشϡ
׼սʼ֣ɲ˿
ȭףȭף¶һḬ֮̃ɫ˫ԵģȻԵļȭźܴĿҵˣ
ž
лüȭףҲżȭ׵һ̣лȻȥȭȥ
˭
ǸոûĶӰȭβĽԭ˭ֻһƵãļӦãҲֻһЩģȣһ档
ȴ˸Եı仯
˭İ屻лھҲ൱Ŀֲ뻹δĲ߱ȣҲѷɫл԰ȭΰ֮ܵԭҪ֪߱ѾǽյжǿݵĶˣӢ֮һĶ촴߱춼ҪѸһߵģɴ˿ǧǰ컨ʱ䴴߱춷ᱻҶˣԭҶ崴İȭ壬Զлǰĸӵ¡
һȭʲôӰ֡
Եȴǣл·Ϊʣֻǿʢʣͬ񷣬һеڡ
һȭƾ޵޿ɵֵζ
˭֮һȭ˭֣ܵ
һȭϼȭ׵ֱƥݣɲǼ䣬۷塣
ȭףҾȴ֮ˡ˹ƣû׼սλĸ֣ƵҲġ
ۼлȭҲûжñͬȭȥ
һȭͬʮ㣬һȭشлȡȭףȻҲʩչһҵǿȭ
ȭȥһ׵ɢʮ㡣
˵ƶȻƾС
Ŀˡ
ȭͷҲޱĶԺһ
䣡
һ죬һǿȻлڱ˭㻯һɻػȥһ±㽫ıȭʣ
Ҫ֪лսʱ׼սλʥʮ峤ϱƴҲռƵģҪ˵Ѿս۷弶ľ硣
ֻһȭƺһؿڼѪӿվȣˡ
лֻǻζ£жҲٶǰȭȥ졣
ڵ棬ȴͬڿ֮
һȭŵһȭ㴭ϢĻᡣ
ŭһ˫۽棬ǰ
꣡
ȭ֮£˫۵лķ
ǲҽţѪɳȥ
֣
磡
ƻڵĴ׼սʶǴһû뵽лȻȭͽѪˡ
˼æ֣Ҫл
Ƶ磡
лλζ̽ٶȷӵޣֻգ۵ĹлĴ׼սʵʧˡ
ǵĹлƾٶǿж㿪
˫۶ѵʹ֮£ȴޱȵѣлȻƾٶӲĴ׼սȫһ֪ͷģһţеȥƴһ
ʱ򣬶ض²ߣΨһһǺޱĶлؿȥģֺֿݣлͬԼӭһƵء
ͣ
ԾȵһţǺĵģۿžҪлȴһЦ͸еű㿴ԼѾӼл˲䣬л΢΢һƫһڿմлѾĽǰ˸ŵȭͷѸٵķŴ
ҽУ͸еǰһڣʧȥʶ
лһȭ沿˹ǿһȭһ±㽫Դûˣͷʬȫ֮£ǰȥʮףһһ׼սλײ˼æȥӡ
СģƻԾеΪѾƳлʬ嵽˴˵Ľǰ
վһ㣬˷ӦлȭѾٵĴȥػ׼սλֵϡ
䣡
ʩչʵĻᶼûУͱлһȭñըǿıըɢ׼սʼλֻԱ
ǺˣֹߣɱƻԴȵ
׼սλּ̺ˡ
лЦ˭ܲˣһٻ£ɣ
𣡡
һ𵴡
ڿճһⱬ׼սλĸ֡

ʡ
л׼սʼŻƻԣҪս۷弶ľս׼սλĻƻԡ


1100  ɱɱ١
֮УлͻƻԣֵĿԣɷ죬̼䣬Ũصɱǵϱ
û뵽Ȼͻƣﵽս۷弶ľ磬ܺã㣬սһζƻԺ
лվգͬһ߲ʵɽ͸Ƶѹһǰѣں˰ȭ˭İ壬ƾƣʩչѹее
ȻԴֶΣûʮİգ£ȻῼǵһܹʩչôǰǾ˼ǵġлƽ˵ƻԣȻֵһŵֶΣóɡ
˵䣬̤գ˲Ϣ㵽˻ƻԵĽǰ
ˢ
ƻԵɫлһĵȷ˼ҲȷʵԼƾ̡
ƾ̾ǡ
ûκƻԵ˫ĿжȻ䷺һĨϼʣͫ˸ţƺ޷ܵĻٿȻȥ񷣬лûں¡УǻԵϢɽһдݻ١
䣡
貵ĹȻлն飬֮նƻԣֵһ˲䣬ԲڵպƷһ㣬ռŤûκεΣôƽƽһն䡣
ƻһͬһѳлնȥ

ײһƬ貹â
Կͬʱˡ
ɿеͷǻƻԵĳһڣһϸܵƸڵ֮ϡ
ĶԿ·硣
һƻǳԾڼ׼սλʵǿޱȣôҲǱл߳ģû뵽Ȼ·硣
սȻԳϣǾ֮ɡƻ˫ֽǰƣһžͿıһ޴ʮ׶ߵӰ
Ӱ֮ͬħ䳤࣬Ŀͷǣȫ𣬻һЩƬ
𣡡
Ӱһ
žͿƻԵ˸ɭĹâٵĻߣлֹȥ
ߣһ
лǵһʦʩչ
ʦһְҵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻȻѸ͵лҲ֪϶ʦģֻû뵽ôһλ
ûгһĳ͡
ֻȥӦ
һ
ƻлЦ̫ˣ̽һץϺȵƣ
ͿѸٵС
ԭ˴൱ĻҲٵںһһɻڱ
䣡
Ȼһ֮汬ԵҪелɱ
ƻԵ˸ͫڣǱлֳܹ͸谭ĿлҪοܣӶѰһᣬһɱ
ͨʩչģܹԳõĻӰ߷Ƕǻ𼶵һʩչɱˡ
ţлܹ⣬ҲѲһƣ¶һôֻҪһ˿ᣬɱеʱ
ѸٵѹȻը
׳𶯵ճһı˺ѵĿռۼлȫðӲӵĹâӲ˿ģн
ճ壡
лһ˲䣬ճ巢ӵ˼ޣǿڵԨĴѾ˳Ľճ塣
κζȫ忹ǿֲըĻԵ
ըлںڵҷ裬Ƶ磬Ϲŵ΢Цƻԣ
СҵƻԱ˵࣬ŭӿ
ɲ˵꣬лѾɱ˹ȥҪŭûشлս۷弶ǿƺˮڰӿһХ񷣬µϢһӱ㵽˻ƻԵǰ
֮ŭƻԱǻӰȻ䱩һ˻ſһ
ǻ״ϸһǿ޽ӽ֣İֲ
˵ǻŭ
䣡
ոձδлͱǱĵȻһ±նˣǵҲͬһа㣬˺֮󣬱ڻƻԵǰ֮ϡ
ӹѪɽ
ͿƻԵǰسһѪۣѪⷭתܹһЩɭɭĹͷشĻƻѪɳȥ
ʱҲֳƻԵ֮
նɱش֮£Ծɱ̨ڿзٵĵ㶯ţһͼڿУ壬ЩѪҲͬܵǣһ㣬ӿɭɱ⣬ɱѪˮУѪˮƷһ㣬ھҵƺ
ӴĻӰҲһ˻һֱͼУʹͼ·һӸһ㡣
νĻ֮ģǶóģڣһЩʦʵﵽһ̶ȣȻȻγɵһֻӰҲؼһϵɵģȻ൱Ŀ¡

ǻƻյǿĻϵ
ĿлȻʩչȫƾ忹ܣܰˣ֪лǶһʶֱʩչǿһ
ͼз裬һʣƺһ㣬лǾǱɱģ޿ɶܡ
ﵽ۷壬ֻģǰһ˵꣬ȴΪʦĶϾδõ֤ұ֤һ£Ͷ˭лȻ
ף
ڣɣԨɴ׵羫õڳˡ
֮ϣ䡣
ƽ޹ʵĳ־ŵˮͰ׵磬ǵûб仯лȴ׵̺ŵԱսʱǿ˲һ㣬һҲֹһҪ֪Ҳģӣ⶷׶족Ǳġ
׺ѹ
л߾Ѹ͵֮ܵϣʹõ˸ϲʹâĶҲ͵ĸȥ
䡭
һ쳹졣
Ǿŵ׵οɲ棬һһһͬһ㣬ǰͺ̵ĺȼŵ档
䣡䣡
׻ͽͼɽ
ž׻
¡¡ıըУͼ˱Ѽ
ۣ
ƻſһѪͼ棬ͼʱʢȻһӵõֱ𼶱
䣡
ھŵҲһ׵绯һصĺȥ
һ±ͼٶȰûôǿҡ
лĵҲʱն¡
һҪ㣬һĨ⻪ɡ
۷嶷Ӳ
޵еĴԾ


1101  ˡһ
𣡣
˻죬ͼھȻ˻ĻӰŭ˻𣬻εա
޴ֳˡ
νǾǺƬ绷ġ

âҫ˺һ谭Դݿ֮Ӳǿֲ
ε⻷ڵ֮±ݻ١
лһҲ֮ͼ档
ϱɱĽ棬˭ʤؽһ䣬ǻƻѪϣܹ߷ǿл׶ѣŨҵ
꣡
ײȻ׳˱ѵļӵƣͼҲڿʼɢС
ֻƺƾУ˭δκ˭
ӥлȻϺȵ
˻
ǽӥͼʱ貵ĽɫױǽӥͼѸٵĳʵӵվ˵
Ϊ׼սʼ
½ԹսʼʥʥĻ֣δй׼սʼ˵ʷϵһ׼սʼ֮ûгɾսʼļԭﲻҪ󣬶޻ӥļȴﵽսʼ޻ļһĻҪǿһЩ
ӥ͹ԣʹȻ
꣡
߶ԿƾУôӥĳ֣ѹƽһݣοǵô򵥡
âʢ׺ͷڣͼ
¡Уͼѡ
л˵һĴԽ谭ֱǻƻԶȥ
û˿ɱҵġƻ˫ֱ任ӡһıһĿռ䡣
лЦһһ˳ȥ
޶
ಣ
ǵһĻߣתڻƻӽȥ֮ǰӹĲתһȦ»عС
һѪӻƻԵĲ
նϡ
ƻ˫ŲӣԲǲŵı飬Ӹ߿׹ȥδأѾȥ
ɱƻԣлԣǶԼսһȫǶʦȫʶ
ʦܿ£
ԼǰشƻԣȫӻϵĻԼĽҪΪµĻƻˡ
ȣЩѷɫ۷֮Ĳ࣬Ҫﵽսʼ۷ֳܷߵͰɣ磬лûиеһʤܻЩԵ͡
л̧ͷһս
ֻѾһ׼սλĸնɱ׷ɱһˡ
ȻͬΪ׼սʼλǹΪʣǿӹɵģԲ׼սʼλģõЩս;ԿԺɨͬһи֡
лҲ׷ȥ
ƵȫӣٶҲޱȵģգۼ䣬Ѿ׷ȥЩˣȡɱɱ󻼵
׼սʼλۼڴˣƴӴܡ
ܹﵽˣûһԸģǿɾսʼһɹսʼʵӳ˭Ը
𣡡
ٵķУſһ
ǹлȭͷ׼Ĺһ±㽫׼սʼָɱ
أ
ǹʮ㣬ٶȸǿݣȵ׼սʼλֲòֵֿײͽĵɳȥ
л֣ͿһȵӰӵͻȻһɫĳǹתţȼŵĺɫףͻأĳ׼սʼλֵı
ۣ
뵽˰йֱӱǳǹһͱͷǰ¶ǹ⣬
㡣лˣϲ
裡
ǻϡ
л½ٻڣ轻Ŵʥط֮Ůפطȥ
һ·Ул֪ľ
ԭ赱ʱ޻ֲ£лֿҲˣԶûлôأԭǸڵɹģ˵޻һУ޻ನõҹһĵҲء
ӻʱʥѾ
û뿪û޻֧֣ԼǶҹȻǳĴ֮࣬ҲһЩ֮ǰ뿪ʥأʥظ֣һҵɱȻͻƣս
뿪㷵ʥǵģ;˵ŮľٶתǰȥŮפڣͿлͰ׷ɱһ֣ġ
ĿһҲȥ棬ҪʲôлЦ
ʲôȥ
лȻʥˡ
΢ױıԼװ磬ȷ˴˶ϳԷ֮󣬱㿪ʼɫУ裬ҹ𽫲ʩչʥػһսȫлҲƵ˵ǰ֪ɫŮˣʮа˾ž裬ʶ˽֣Է⡣
лѾϰߣлϰ֮תʥҲĻᱻ֡
һ·У֮ǽ뺣
ŮǧǰԵĴ뺣ڣѡڵĵҷӡ죬ġ
컹൱һξʱʼձĶͨȫ濪ŵлһҽдԶСʹĶͨ·ɱ
лתǰȥԴ
֮˹עΪŮڵزңԶ﷢ʲôս϶벻ϵġ
Ǳˮ£ǰС
ܿͿһɱ¾ս
ԶԶľͿһС棬һȺɱ
ʹʥϵȺӣͺ
ɱ˵ĺȻһ׶࣬ҲĸΧɱҲˣѾնɱˡ
Ҳ֪лȻ
ʹʥͼһ棬ٶȱչأٴμǾˣ˵ӦûкнӴǡ
ֹһΡ
Ŷлͷһ㽫Ĺ˵һ飬ʲôطڸʲô
ɻܹ
лĵǵı̫ܣδĵˣʵ֮ǿҲܹĳġ
л࣬˵һμҵõ֮ȥһطչһĻδĻ档


1102  ˡ
ֻȤŮμǲģлǶȻǷǳġ
㿴ʲôлʵ
һл¶һ˿ľ֮ɫ·𿴵˷ǳֲ飬ҿһȺ˺
˺ʲô˼лЩס
ˣ
һڸɬҺ˵һȺ˽зϣȫĹͷڼ˵ʹ֮УȻøĥ˵ַĥʹһʹУЩɢԹ⣬ҵľܵӰ죬Щȴ޸оһЩַȻЩԹռնɱѪҺճɻҽһۼ
ʲôлֳ棬Ҳȷǹ˵ģ벻ǣȻ˶ԴЩʲôˣ
Щֵݣ벻ɫѿ
лü벻˭

лɴ۾˵ĥɱռʲôԹ֮Ѫ
ûЩ뱻ĥͬɱûռݣֻǴ֮壬ڱ޵ĥ֮£ƺܹһЩıԺ˵ıԣԹǿңҲ֪õʲôַȻܹռЩεԹͺ⣬ַأڻɣܿһ˵
ͷл֪Ӧ
Ȼ
ţǻǵֶΣ귽濰ƴʦģЩԹⰡʲôģӦһЩԵġл˵ع⣬֪ôĿʲô𣿡
ҵʱı֣ԾȽԶֻһЩɢĻƺȺĿģսġ
ս
۵лһ˵
ȺĿģҪԼʵ׼µġ
ȷл
ȷĵʱú˵ĿľҪռԹ֮ѪĿҪһǶԣŷǳҪõļƻڼƻʲôǾͲö֪ˣֻ֪ͨɱˣʣ࣬Ҳǳϡ٣ΨЩռݵܹš
мƻ
ʲôƻȻ˵ϧ̵ĥռ֮Ѫл˼ȥҲûͷ
ؼ⻹˽̫ˡ
ʲô֣лʵ
ϸһ£ҡҡͷʱͷô࣬ЩռҪĶ뿪ˡ
ڴͬʱЩĴѾһնɱ
Ĵɱ֮󣬱˴˷һɭɭЦлͿһĻǴδĻ档
ֻĴͬʱ
ɫʹСȥ쳣ɭ£ʵĵͳ˻ϴ
һ˫ĿѪ˸
ݣ
һӰƿն
һ顣
Ǻɫ֮£ԵøӵĿõģܲʵ岻ϵر仯һ˻ֱ֮ӳһɱĸʬڡ
£
ʬȻֱͦͦվ
ݽӲ彩Ӳԭϱյ۾ȻһĨɭĹâͫڳһӰȻǷŵ顣
Ҳʼɡ鿪ڵ
ͫڷ׷һ飬ռ˵ʬ塣
˾ȡĿġ
֮ռ㽫ľûκϢռָڣ˴˹ЦţŮפطȥ
ǵĿĺһ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ʹʥȺӿҲʼжˣ⵹Ǻˡ
ΪʲôǺ£ʵ
Ⱥ̫أ˸֪ǵĴڣܹع⣬ôĿͻע⵽ǣһֹĻϾ̫ǿ󣬿µһʵǿġл˵
ǵǡͷܾãȺûжǷǳͼĻԲ׳ֵġ
лǿ϶ģȻŮʲôǵע⣬˵ӣǶˣʱ򣬿һ¡һ£˵㣬㷽˵ƺֻһΡ
һΣҸ뿪ʹʥʱʱǶѾ뿪Ұҹµļ䣬ǰȥ;оЩ׷ɱһЩ֣ƺЩ֪ʲôܣǡһԺɢ޸֣˵ʵǳĿ£ڵʱѾ׼սʼˣּ䣬ͽȫնɱˣҲЩֶˡ
̫жظ֣ɢǿߣûҪһЩʵǿĸֳûҲǺȻ飬ֻǼȻ֪ĴڣΪʲôڣʼûйϢݳءлü
ǾͲ֪ˡ
ĿЩռݵĸ뿪Ҳи档
ĿĵȻŮפء
һ·УŰ֮ǿפأǳӴĺ´½۹ĵ۶ôСˣһⶼûС
󺣵ΧԼڣĸصѲߡ
˴󺣵ٰʢᣬǷǳӵġ
л˱ǰȥ
δЩѲߵԱӴлͿ˷һΪǿߡ
ͻͻ
ȵЩ˾лԼʮ׵ʱл͸еǱ\ԨʥŮʩչӱսֶΣ߷˵һ۲
֧ߣսҲֻ֪Ǿܹ𱻼ħѪĸֶ֣κܼ򵥣Ѿлһö۸ˡ
£κοлģ˵ħѪˣһᱻֵġ
۲ǡǡ˵һ㡣
Щ̵ĸ֣
㣬Щ˵Ŀμģ̵ˡл衣
Ȼл
лͷûн͡
лΣѾﵽäĿزȻỳɣЩһۣ㽫ݼˡ
̣ˣٺ٣εĺʢᣬ϶ǳ˼ġлЦ
֪ʥػ᲻ǰء
϶ģлشĺܿ϶ǶںĹעȳҲǲܵģҵжϣʥص˾ˣҲԲ¶ģԼ׼򡣡
̸Ц䣬ǰݵĵط
ǰЩռݵĸѾͨ飬ڼ̵ĸ֣ЩõԶںƫԶģں֪һɺȻΣҲпʵģϾ̫ˣ˭Ҳ֪Ľ׷µһʲôط
ƺϸЩɫ֮Ķûнѯʣͨˡ
Ǽ򵥳̶ȷл趼еԾ
˾޴ʢᣬ϶Ҫзǳϸİѹأֹ˽뵷ҵģŮȻѹظˣƺκ˶ܹһ㣬볣̬ʢȻͬġ
λĸ죿
ֵл裬ǲ֮˱ʵ
ʥлش
Ծһ𣬵ʥϰǲģ
л΢΢һЦǡ
֪ǣ˵
Ҳءлû˵֣óһʥеĵƣǵ͸ҵģԱҵݡ
˽ӹƣһ飬ͻغصЩϵɣ
лĵҪ𣿡
峤Ըʥʥ׵ͣǹλҴλǰȥ˸Ͻ˵
ݵ񽻸ˣлڵפطȥ
лһЦ˾͸ں档
һ·УҲڰй۲
ڱΪҲл֮Уʥʥ׵ʵǺǿģԭ֣Ƿнȴ޷ģ֣׾ѣȻȡҪĿ꣬ŮٰʢᣬĻǣβʥ˹Ŀ࿴Ź֡
˵֮£л㵽פһ羰续ĵطﻷ£ԪƺҲطǿʢ֣羰ʤػһЩĽͬ׺ʣʹþɫûбƻӵƯ
յлͿˡ


1103  ˡ
л豻һ൱ķڣǵķţǼ򵥵˵һҪǲҪ뿪Ƭ
˲鿴һ·䣬лͨĶͨϸ飬ȷûʲôӣ֮ܵģ߳ǲԶλͱϵͤȥλ൱Ķͣȴһͻľ޴ʯ潨һͤӣʱмڽ̸олʶǧյεĵһ̳ˡա
ָлơ̺뿪´½㺣ʱ򣬾
ŷǳĳޣʱΪˮʥĳܴĳͻл˰¸վҪɱˣʱĸʮľ磬겻ҵѾս硣
ֻлﵽս۷弶ڿʱеʧ֮Уڲ䱻ģϴμ棬ղ໹ȻԽ
⻹һһŮͬŮ䲻󣬿ȥʮ߰ͣȥͬʮഺŮΪߴսʹﵽ꣬ʶǼᣬ츳ܸߵˡ
һӣǶʮ˾ӣҲ൱˧һͷɫۡ
лĵȻҲǵע⡣
ѡȿڣվԱݣǧյգ֪£
лʥء
յأһ˭֪ʥʥ׵ϰ֮ǰûյģôصҲζźϰϵͬһˡ
ԭ֡ŮҲվ
λǣл
Ůӵ쵺Ӣ
쵺лһ˽ģǺߵеһ½ңԶĵطҲǺߵʵСһ죬ʹʥʱ쵺һ¬ʥֻǺǫɱǫնɱ¬ԭҪġ
ԭлðʹʥ쵺϶ʥعϵУʥͲ֪쵺ǷҵµĿɽˡ
򵺣סҲš
л򵺣ںĵ죿
Цǣ벻СС򵺣ֶ˵
̫ǫˣģȻЩ겻ɽ¶ˮʵǱνĺߵҪǿһЩءлûƨ򵺵飬ͬ걻ԼһЩ½ϵϹŴаյһǻԻһʱĴڡ
аյ궦ʢʱڣгԽߵϹߴ忹ļƣǵĳɳҲ˵Ѹ͡
˵ںܹаյһѸͳɳֻ죬һ򵺣һ쳽
ķչͷ˵ȵǿƣһɳ죬ͻƺߵֵļƣųƺδսߵĴͳ֣ӶϺ½ߴϹŴ忹⣬γ½غƽ档
ǿƷչ½ϹŴͺߵע⣬ʶȶԷչѸ͵аյ˻ԵĴ
˷˵аյֹһصӲǽ߸նɱҲûܽǲɹߣʩչֶηаյûĽаյ٣ô֣аյܹ֣һЩطзչ֪аյѾǿ󵽺̶ֳȡ
򵺺쳽ҲаյģȻڵ֪аյ⵽֮ǼȷľǾǲǿƶ⣬ͷֱ֮λںǺߵжǹ·ܻ̾һµʱ䣬ûжȡʲôʩ
ǡǡӿٷչĻᡣ
лסʥʥ׵֮󣬾ֹר鱨ϵͳѼ鱨ʾ򵺺쳽ûֹͣţǲϵһЩϵɢޣʵԾѸͣ˵ǺߵʵѷһЩģѾѾӵкʥʥ׵ųƺʥʵĵزˡ
ǵشƫԶˣҪķչﵽʥʵҪǨںϣʼ磬ε˵ؼλɣĺټʲôˣ˶ûУ۷չ
Ѹͷչĺ壬˲š
˶ûУ̸˲ţ
ӢЦֵ̫ǫˣҿ˵򵺵ʵѾ쵺ŶٿǱ˴˵ķ䰲ţλʥʥ׵ȻסһźͶŷڣǧյųƺλŷŷֵܵˣҿסڰ˺ŷء
ֻⰲŵģ㲻װֵ
ǿɲⰲŵġǧյ˵Ů徫İŵģڼǰǶ뿪ں⺣Ҳȥ򵺺쳽ˣȻܹ㰲š
Цǵȷȥ
лؼǵãʥʱӵ鱨˵Ůһǰ⺣ȥ򵺺쳽ȥˣ˿Զ϶塢Ů򵺡쳽ȻϵķĹϵǾ׽ˡ
оǷš
л趼ûע⵽ȻҲⰲţʾģȻȥ򵺺쳽ôⰲžԴˣҲ˵ֻǺ򵺺쳽ѾߵУӴ˿˵Ǻŵˣ⺣ŵǿɶϹߴǿ
˿ⷿŵİţȷŮⰲŵġ˵Ŀл׺ӢϲϵתλǲǸ˵˵Ǳ˰ɣ֪ǿɲԼǱ֧ߵʵǧյɽҶѾ֪ˣʥѾ֣ϾϵԾλλʼδ¶֧ݣܹλڵλ쵺֧ʥرлҲѹϾƺҲѰɡ
쵺ӢȻشգ⻰ͲˣϾͽӥһģѾͬʥʥ׵һֻǶ⻹ûʽˣԲűֿģճ棬һ壬ʵԶ쵺֮ϵġ˵̾һҪ˵쵺ƣòҵʥɽû뵽ǾȻ˱ˣȻлˣ쵺޸֮Ƽĸо
лֻǵĿţš
ԣŵʵڵʮһǰȻԵ̫ˣעҪĳһܳ£ıһƬģ˷塢ŮຣʵγΪԭǲŻǰģϾŵһЩʵȻһЩʥؽϵɱϾΪĸƷ
Ҿ˵ǸǸλģοŵôߵλãϾ򵺱ûʲô֧ߵġ˵ͬû͸¶κһ㱳֧Ϣ
ڳˣһǾ֮ܲ²Ǳ϶֧֡
Ƕ˵û֧ߣ֪ʲôǧյ˵
ʥľǶлĵ
ǧյչЦҪϲ̸̸ĺѰ
лЦҲδأ漰飬Ȼǹͬ飬ӦûϽ̸ģ˵ŮǵǵĿʲô


1104  ʮһ
Ů˴ټຣĸǰۻᣬ˵ҪֺһЩˣ˶֪ûô򵥣϶͸Ա֧ߣʥ뺣йأڣѾ֧ߴЭ飬ΪʲôҪ֪˵£Ȼѡأ
ʹһЩ뷨ˡ
ԣǵĿʲôܾƺûô򵥡ǧյ˵ǧյõɽ֧֣ӥϾõĽ֧֣ظλ֧Ҳв֪ͬ˵£ǻҪˣ񲢲̫߼ɡ
쵺ӢҲò̫Ծ
оڼݷ棬ǳĲϸֻҪóһ֤Ϳԣû̲飬ҲϹء˵
˱˴˶һۣȻȻľͽ⣬ɻתƵŮ˴εĿ档
лݵλ˵Բῼǲܣһǵ⣬ʲôأ
Ƕ˳ĬС
ʱϤӰԾлڡ
˺ȻϰŮ˿ȣ뼸ǰûʲôǰӣΨһĲͬǣ˵ʵҲ˱仯֮ǰл޵۶˸ùһΣʱʵֻλ磬ҲѾս
лǣһ˿Ц⡣
ʱԼҪǵ˻Ҫȴǵͷˡ
λʧԶӭ¡ϰЦͤڡ
ΪлԱʥ͵λ壬϶лҪ߿һ۵̬ǧյա׺쵺ӢûпڣƺлӦ
ⶼвȡֶΡ
лҲ⣬Ѿϰˡ
λǰѾеˡлӦ
λʥٰɣ˱ǰҲǡϰЦ

лλǴ˴ǰģǲǿԸǣٴĿأǴۣȴʼûн
ûаԼ͹Գǳһԡ
ϰǻƺ˵
Ǿؼġл˵λأ
ǧյգ쵺Ӣ׷׷׵ͷǣȻҪлվһˣܱ˴˿ܻʲôìܣʱ򣬿϶ҪһģҪŮĿġ
лһ¶⣬ϰ˿ȱ˴˶һۣжһ˿졣
ٶбƹ˼Ǳ˵ʵ뷨
ðɣȻ˵ˣҪٲ˵Ǻ޳ˡϰʼձ΢Ц˿һ˿ŭǴ˴λǰϣܹ¿һ£ѡ˭Ǹ洦
⻰ڣͤڵվһ䡣
лЦеĵϣ⻰˵ûʲôʥʥ׵ڲûнǢκһںǼλͲͬˣ»һЩҪ鷳ġ
˵ûϰŵĵţλһʱ䣬һõġ
ŶţлҲһֱƣǾǱѩȻͬŮɵǱѩͬȵλ紫ϢǣŮ巢һЩɵʲôİܹø߰ıѩѡͷƽƽأ
ϰ˵ţƺҲڰʾ巢ֵİѡоǣ׳һȻǷǱѰ飬壬̣Դ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ȻȻƫƫȴ䲻ΣȻҲˡ
ֱлŮ巢ֵİһ㡣
ԴʵϰȻ
лٺЦʵϣˡֱԣŮ֣ǧյ֧ɽĶ𣿡
ǧյɽ򵺱ǹ쵺֣ûţپһô˵𣿡ϰЦ
ڳ֮˶ͷ΢
ǰֳţǶʥһӣо򵺱ǹ쵺֣ЩؾȻҲǸˡ
Ȼ϶ѾˣҲûʲôˣû򵺺͹кδЭ顣Ҳһ֮ǰϱ֧ߵ̬ȣȻнǢǣʴϣʵǿ˵ģϵʥ֮һŮǶ𣿡

ԣЦ
˶˵
ãЦϣ˵˵Уô϶ᱻΪֻǿ˵Ҳ˵죬λۿŮ嵽ǷǷҽλ֪ͨǸԵĵҪݻɽ֣ǩЭ顣
ţѵѾŪʥظԵʵˣлʵʥص˽⣬Ȼָ㣬ϾųΪʥŮ\ԨرҪıɱʶ\ԨһЩ֪飬ʥصĵƵж٣жǿҲһա
ǣǶԼŻҪ˵СǧյշϵҶɽ˽ⲻǺܶ࣬ٻ֪ǵǿġ
ϰĿӹˣЦЦĵλҪҿе֪ʥԼ֣ȸʵʵ԰ɣ
лҲô˵ҵȷ֪ǹ֪ȴҪ˵ǿǾ˻ǲеäĿԴˡ
ãȻˬ죬ҲûҪΪʥǾʵˡϰ˵
һڣ˶˶䡣
Ȼǧյ쵺ɽ֧֣ʥصжǿҲûһĸֻ֪ǿԶԶǵ
лҲһ˽ʥص
ȴ\ԨδߣĴʥؼעҪΪ˵ģǶҪưԴ½ģȻǽʸƽģʥȻǲڵģʶģ\ԨȻЭ飬ԺηչҲлƿ֮С
ʶ˽˵ʵ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
Ǿ˵֣ɡϰ˵
쵺Ӣɫ΢䡣
Դʥ֮쵺Ӿе㲻̫˳֣ԵĺЭ飬ûȷϣ˫ҪԷʶⷽ棬Ǳ˴˶ǳıܣξȻϰһڽƣѾеЩ˻ܵ飬쵺֪Ķûʶڰû˵֣ľѾʼЩˡ
ãҶ֣ҲܸȤл˵뿴һԸ֣ʲôֵǶʥʥ׵ȡǰ̬ȵġ
ϰЦ֮ԸΪһ壡
ǴҶ֪ġ쵺Ӣĵ˭ڿѹеĲˬ
ϰҲ⣬˵һһܾѾ߳ĸ֣ж٣һԼԶ϶չ˵ļ壬һ޷ʥؿģʶ˵϶һѷɫʥأȻˣļ룬߽ϵĻ֣ʵκһʥؿ⡣
лЦ֪ƺ⵽лΪ׵ʥӢ۵ĻԴʥٵеݻˣʵƺδغǿɡ
ϰʵһ廹Ҫǿһߣ


1105  ʮ
һ廹Ҫǿһߣ
⻰л˵ĶУһЦ
Ȼߴ˱ģ嶼ӡʱ򣬿ԣǵʵܵһЩӰ죬ʥȻûƵȴܹǵĺ֣ͬܵһӰġ
ԣ˶ףʵѷʥء
ȻҲǾԣʵǿЩס
ʥصʵǱһǿҲǷǳ޵ģȻһ廹ǿһ㣬ܹʥؿˣ
ûЦɡл˵
ǧյպ׶¶Ȼ֮ɫΨ쵺ӢɫƽƺѾ֪һЩܡ
ӢķӦҲ֤ûпЦϰֱӵ쵺Ӣûκ𾪱顣
쵺ӢһЦûлӦ
£л˶ʶĲȥǰˡ
ϰ˵ĳʱã´Ҷ֪ɣǿǱߴ塢ʥػҪԶģ֮ʼûʲôԭ㣬֪ģϹʥʺᣬÿһֹ׷ɱܹѾǸ漣ˣǱϹʥµĴ½ػһˣбǽЩлӢ۶ǵ弫п˶׵û䣬Σʱ֮Ѫӡƻ
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻܵӰľЩսܹѹⳡ̨
ӰԶԣûжٳϵġ
л˼תϵ˼˵ϹʥʵжϣǵЩ˿ûҲͬսһľ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻЩҲѣ
ûϰ
лۣˣʵĺǿˣֻҺܻɣʥ˵ϹǿߵĹҸ긴ϣģЩ嶼Ѿˣôбǿߵġ
巽棬ǿȷ٣ֻ֪ˡϰ˵
ˣһǿһߣǧյճԾĵ
Ծ쵺Ӣ¶˾֮ɫȻҲ֪嵽ôһ
ֻǿߣһ巽ܹﵽʮ֮࣬屶Ĳˣһ巽ԭ׼սʼ٣ΪѪӡ⵽ƻͳͳΪսʼôսʼǷǳ֮ģֻ˾Ȼѹһߣζʲô
ǿʵѾﵽһֳĸ߶ˣ
Ҳ뵽˰ɣûǵʵԶͨսʼܱȵģøʥءЩսʵĻЩֻսʼУʵԸߵģ˵ʵսʼĴˡϰ˵ϢƣľǿߣпһЩѪϵʵԿֲǵʵһ壬֣֮Һң֣ܹκһʥؿ⣬Ҫʤġ
ǧյա׺쵺Ӣ¶ͬ仯
Ψлɫƽ֧֣㹻κһԭ׽һ˿ŮϢ
ϣǲҲڸһϢءлЦ
Ŷϰһ㵵ӡ
лŮʱ仹Զ꣬ôζţһֱ֮ܵѪӡӰ죬սʼҲͲбսʴڣ֪֣ʵ֮󣬻ţǲǿȥ룬פڣҲǿߣϹʱģЩǿߵĺǡռ죬Щǿ߱Ϊǵ԰ɣ
յþһ
ǷŶʵлһѣŻȻΪʲôŮͻȻøߵԭֻһǾǻ㹻ĵơ
ٵ˼άĺݰϰûֱӵƣȴҲûзϣ˺ܶռ䡣
лȴԶ϶⼸ʵ
ȻĻԱѩĽôԸ塢Ůƽƽ
лҶ϶Ǳ׷ɱӴܵģȻλӺȴǿ´½ģȴϧ⵽׷ɱ߲ϧ۵Ĵݻٷӡ£Ծѡ⵺ϢǷЩǿߡ
õЩǿߵ֧֣ЩǿǵޣֻһˣҲǺɨһеĴڣοŮһ塢塢֣ҡҵϣ֪²ôٵġ
֣ʵԣǱɽ͹ҪǿġϰЦǺǵ˵һбҪʥصʵ𣿡
лȻҸ֪ʥصڲʵģǳȥ֪ıսǣƺһЩΪ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻѵЩѵҲˣ
ûʥشôã˻֣ȴûнзӡΪ⵽ӡģôʥؾһĵƣЩȫգǵʵҲԲƱô򵥡ǧյ˵Ϊʥ֮һɽйصǧյɽĹϵҪ򵺺͹Ķ࣬ѾɺЭˡ
ȻЩĵƣھѣ󶼺йأʥҲһͬ鷳ϰЦǾµ󻼣һʥرȻͬʥһģʶʥκһΣոҲһͬ㣬ǾûЩǿߣֻһЩսʣϾδռսУǿǣǾʤֵġ
ʵҲȷˡ
սĹؼֵĶԾ
ܹ֪˵ľҲŮľһ˽ɣѵͲЩǿǻδָ֮ǰǰ𣿡лһת׼ʹʥȺӵĴڣʼע⵽ǡ
ϰЦŮ岻ʲôƻƻġ
ǿδأζ˵ݼ˲ϸ񣬾ѾҽĽˡл
ϰŵĵ
лЦЦĵܹɱĸ֣Ȼռǵ壬ȡǣΪŮĺĸ߲㣬ɵĽκʽƻ


1106  ʮ
᣿лĻʼûпڵŮ˿üɻĿлѯʵ
лȻĿһ˿ȣŮƺ֪Ǿ͸ðˣͷûᣬǵʵҲ൱ǿ͵ϮĻλ㷴Ļᣬһ壬ôʲôŲ˵˰ɡ
ϵɫ
ǧյյҲüͷлͻȻ˵飬ȷǴδġ
ֻϹʱĩڣеĻһ룬ƺҲûеõ֤ɡ˿ȱǶѩ׵𶯣Ҳ֪ǲʲô뷨ֳġ
лм١һָԶԾ½½˽ĵطǹˣѾռͨ壬ˡ
ټȻˣɷǣ˭˿ȵ
Слĵ
Ϊʲô˿üͷ塣
ϰҲɫЩѿ
лҲһ֤ɣȻʵǿᣬȡ֧ߣǴҺҪֳһЩɣ鶼Ӧˣֻ˵Ǵ˴ĿĿҪʧˡ
ǧյգ׺쵺Ӣ΢΢ͷʾͬ⡣
ϰŮ˿ȱ˴˶һۣа˵ãˣǶȻ֮ھŤͷлٽһ£ʲô
ðɡлͽԼ򽻵Ĺ˵һ飬Ҳ迴ȻǾ޸ĵģЩǲ͸¶ģ˵鱨ԣһͨᣬתĻǣһлռ꣬Ƴ£һǵõ鱨ڵĵбǿߴڣʶŻд˷ٶ
ǣ£ǧյյһЩȻ֮ɫһóǶܹκδҪĳڣ⵽һȻۼˣؿ϶иĸִС
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ϰǶȻԴģٽ˵òһ죬ͻᴫ½ģĴڣݵģܹᣬɵ͸κһκɻģ
ҪǽЩһЩˣܹɲ߶һڧǧյ¶֮ɫ
ˣǵޣɱƳɹģƺĿģĿʹЩƳ븶Ĵۣʶҿɶ϶ǵһޣȻǱϾǧŬޣҲٵλģӦû֯һġл˵ηɳĸ룬ŮܹãܹĿ׳һЩ֪Ķ
ϰߵǼȻעҪɱ
лжȻĻ죬ǾͿжתռ˵壬ҲпռѾЩ˵壬ĻҪѰǳ͸ˡ˵һ£һҪλҵĹ۲죬Ҳˡ
̣ϰɫ
лЦ
ܵ˷Ů֮УǺܲ򵥵ġ
ԴӰǰֹҲûг˵УפأȻҲǵĿꡣ
ʱ˼Ҵҵˡ
λϣˣ˴ˡ֮󣬱˵
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쵺Ӣһ֣ĿⶸȻϬһɱɱϼ
ʹʥ쵺һ¬ƵܵʥءаʥصĹƻ󣬶ʥʥ׵֣ߣǫնɱлľ֮ġ
ֻǵǫųƺֲţٶ죬лҪսû뵽ǫܾˣǫȴ쳽
Ӣ֮ĶԹûǵ뿪֮ƽϣͻǲ̫ðɡϰӢ̬ȣ֪żǰ鷳Ǳ˴˼ìܣǰкͻǾĶŮŷǳĴ
쵺ӢߵϷģӢЩء
Ͷлˡϰ˸ˣȥ쳽ͷƵ֮ìܡ
Ů˿ˡ
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Ϊ׵ǵǰʹʥһӥĽַϾľǳˡ
˵ʵҲѾͻͽѾʮʵܹǰҲǵݣȻǱ϶ΪεĵˣҲܹԵĵһЩġ
˵˱˴˼
ַ;ǳһԣĬûбֳʹʥֽ񣬺ǳȡ
˱֣ҲлԤ֮С
ʹʥǢĽĸ֣ĽȴǹϵĸṲͬԵĵˣǷĽĺ͵õѡ
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блʶĺֲǫ
ֻǫѾ쳽ˣͬĻзƵ֮Լϰ
쳽ͷƵ˱˴˻ȻԣǰڴϰҲûٷͻ
ݽܣ쳽ǰ֮ǫΪ׵ģһƯŮƺ£ǫĳɳٶҲл̾ǫѾʮ۷弶ĸˡ
ƵǰǧյģһʮӣֽŸ³ǷƵεĲѡʵȴսģǾǫŸ³˴˵ӱ濴֮Ľƺǫռ˱ˣʤǿ
ˣڳȴЩʵĵ죬ѾǾۼ˺Ŵֱлʥʥ׵νʥһմǧյӢ쵺ַ;ǳĽӥϾͳһսߣ״򵺣ǫ쳽Ÿ³ķƵȴϵߴзһԼ̵ĸ֡
Ŵ򰵽פ
˵֣Ҳǵ½ᷢչʲô̶ȣû֪һ㣬лԶ϶ŮҪﵽǵĿģҲԲô׵ģг鷢ϾŴһһѾעҵģлҲһУĳȴַ;ǳĽӥϾΪĽԵʣܵ͵¾ûôˡ
ǧյɽ
쵺֣
򵺱ǹ
쳽ز
Ƶаʥء
Ů屳ǣ˵˴˶ǲôѺõĹϵ飬лǽСӵĻþ
ϣҿǰŵסƺЩס֮⣬ʣ䣬ӦòΪ尲̺ǵԱԤİɣл
ϰЦΪŵġ˵һָԶѾˡ
˷׷׿ȥ
ˣһһŮʮӣӻδЦ꽨ˣλ¡
л۽ӹڳˣЩҲ¶֮ɫȻһţҲһ㣬Ƕ֪ʲôû˵꽨ôһ
֣˼㣬ϵ̨ʮ


1107  һ
ԭһ˵ȾۼͤڣеӵЩ˱˴֮жԹеѹ֣ͻȻ֣˶±˴˵ìܣĿͶ꽨
Ҫ˵쳽򵺣ǶǵƫԶǵǿҲ֪ģȴͬǾͺʯͷĳģȻûһ֪ôһصĺĴڡ
ʲôʱһô֪ǧյȷʡ
˷׷׸͡
лҲԹۣҲ֣˵һͨĶĻҲͰˣںһЩҲҪﵽһǿҪʱеģϾŵǶǽѷɫϹߴһǿһһϦܹġ
λñȽƫƧҲ֪ҲǺġ꽨ӵĿ⣬˿ӳЦ˵
Һ´½ٱ֮󣬵ȷҪﵽǺŵļ𣬻Ƿ֣˵ˡǧյǱ꽨ġ
꽨ȷܴڵĴ½ⲿˣһȥġ
ԭص˶¶֮ɫ
ˣ
϶쵺ˡ쳽򵺣Ψһ
֮˵ǺЩĺ⺣ȺסȴҲͷΣպܶ࣬ΪĹؼΪԪ֪ΪʲôǳϡҪطձϡ
ԪǾ͵ʱҪط˻ˣҲɸȥˣ֮ĺиͣð߶ԸȥҲɺ˳νĽ
˽ܹᲢۣٺ٣ô˵Ĳ򵥣ܲ򵥰ǧյЦ
꽨Ц
Ҳǰֹѡ
ʵǺûȥҲ㲻ô£лҲЩɻ󣬾Ȼں˽ǴﵽŵĲΡ
λȻˣеǰòͣȻϢһ죬Һ˿ȽλȥιϰЦ˵
ڰд£һ羰ʤðͣԻعס
䣬Ǳ˴ҲЩСĦڰ˿ȵȰ£ûзʲôͻġ
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˶ڽ쿴һУҪҲ˴̽һ¶ԷĿ
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ŴѾԶ϶ĿŮפڵЩǿ߶ģҲֻܹǲϧðǰжɴ˿ɼЩǿһѣָȺҲǳɵģ̷棬ĿľǷҲΪЩǿߣ̫ȷʵȺӣлԣӵĪ⡣
оǣ
㣬ʲôԵĵطлʵ
Ծĵطˣǳֵ̫ˣ㷢ûУÿ漰һЩ飬ǻı仰⣬ǿڱ˿Ĺע
ҲˡлζĵֵĹ죬Ůǵ̬Ҳܹ죬бҪһµġĶͨҲѾʱס˵Ľ̸Уܹ̽Щʲôһӣŷ֣ȻÿһʩչĶͨȻʧЧˡ
л״
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ˣǿʧˣЩСǺܿͱյġ
ҲˣлҪȡһЩֱӵϢûôˡ
ȴðлעľ쳽ˣȻܹû취£ǫ㶨ˣƺõ˼ƣǫԵŮ˷µӡ
쳽ʵزôʥеһ򵺺͹Ϲϵл°ֹ֣ͣʥؾҪѰʵµĺ󻼣ҲһҪͺɣܸоԶûô򵥡
Ů嶼ڱֵ֧ģ϶֪ʥӴĿģֻҪһ㣬ӦòѸʵġ
лͷҲȷˣֻҪģӦܹҳ𰸣ЦҪȥ֣ģǴ쿪ʼҪ֤Լǿ󡭡˵Ȼһ٣˫Ŀо˸棬ʲôˣ
ˢ
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ǰ󲻹ӣǷſ˾͵˷ڣٶ֮лһ۶Ŵˡ
Ҳɫ䱸Ŀš
лĶ棬վлԼ׵ĵطվлγ֮ƣҹ̫⣬ǺɫĻףԲ򲻵ѣǲֵģҲ˳׼
뷿֮ˣһʮӣͨͷҲߣΨһעľһɫӺۡ
˽˲䣬лռָڵ۱˼¡
˵ħѪˣ
֮ˣ
лͷһ۲ˣȻ֮ǰЩ̵ĸ֣һûˡ
֮̽ˣֻлЩܻһЩˣָоǳĲʹ죬ΪȻԼʥǾǷҲд̵ж͸ȥء
˵⣬һƨл档
µľٶƺ֮ˣͲ֪֮ͨ𣿡лûдƴ˵뷨뿴̵ʲô
΢Ц㲻ģʥɳˣ㶨ûеĻʥˡ
µŵĺءл
ˡȻһЦ͸һĸо·һжƿ֮һ
ŵˣл٣ܹеǷԹɳڵ˳γɵǱڵŵģֻһˣǾѾɱµĶ˹ˡ
ָол൱ϲġ
ָоˣǾ˼ǳܣıֶμó֮˵ģ˹ˣͻл֪˼ŽնɱģһˣֻҪԼˣлͻðһͷɱ
Ψнնɱ˲ܹ֤Ժ󲻱ơ
ŵˣġлƽϣû˿ĲĮĿŶ֮ˡ
˵û⡣ЦǺǵĵ
л𣿡
Ŷȣ˫ַεķϣһֱһ㡣
˵ɣܹҵģȻĻҲ֪ͨ˽л
ҵܼ򵥣ҪºϵĺȻֱҲһЩ΢ı仯·ɢ֮ˣͻȻӢ̸и֡
ȻһЦлϣЦЦĿˣûпڣĥ͸ʲô뷨
˾ôš
֮¶һ˿죬µĳȣЩҵ֮ˡ
ֳĬĶӣģʵַΧֻ֮£Ǻ׸ϵѹġ
˵ŵˣġлƽ˵һת»ع⣬شһ⣬ΪʲôҪ
ʵŵĵ
лƲƲ죬˭˵Լʵ˭֪ʲôʵƾʲôҪ㡣
΢΢һЦҾҽһ°ɣҸհһı


1108  
ı
žͺʹ˵Ըƺлû뵽ᱨ۵ķܹȷ̡
뵱꽣׷յĹϵȻʮֵеġ
ıóıԡл
ԭָ֣ʺңԸΪııЦǺǵ˵ȤĻҵϰɡ
лûҺܸȤΪպͽ׷ͬաֱŰı㲻̰ɡ
лЩ仯ıԾһЦӣûҾ̣ҵϣҲˣҸհ̣Ǿζݵλ
ǲ֪ĵλжߡлĵ
һı
лüëһ˵ĻشɣЦȻ̵ˣհôڵĵħ֮Ѫһǵõİɡ
ûıеҲõ˼ȷ㣬ҵѪѾһķ漣ȻʧȥѪ鱾ԭ󣬿ЩӵֱϵѪˣܹѪĵزﵽɵѪ
Ѫл֪˵ǲ׷һضĻ£Ҳֵܹģʷϼصⷽ࣬лȻӵеİ
ԣʧȥѪ鱾ԭ֮ѪֶΣһЩȻȫתΪħѪȴܳһ룬ʹѪռݴ󲿷֣Ļһ˵Ҳŷǳİġ
Щʲôл
ڸ㣬̵ĻҿԱ֤ѪҲõı䣬ŷǳİı˵
лĻشɴ࣬ûȤ
ȡ
һŵİıлǸɴûа˼ûаԥĻشĲ㱻ˮǺ
ţΪκ飬ֵܹ֤ķӦԼԤ֮УͬħѪһ㡣
˵û֮ѪӡĻħѪñѪ߹ãĿǰΪֹѪӡֻ⵽ƻȫҪ൱ʱУôħѪþͻֳܴġ
һЩ˵̵˶ѪıţЩ˻ᣬѪĻһͷȡġ
Ե˵ܰ˽Ѫɱɰħ֮˺󣬰ıãлû뷨Ҳһ˲ĶôͿ԰סлķӦȫ붼ûܾˡ
²ϸһ£ı
˵ҺȤлĻشȻɴ࣬˵һ룬ܹӵȫĵħѪҲϡ
ıһбܵĸо
ȫԼжϵΣеһʧܵͬʱǼ˶־һ۵ĿҲ˸ž⣬ȤĶһ
лȻҲʶıı仯ˣȻĵòʲôõ˵ǣҸı̵ĿǲҪ֪ͨˡ
ʩѹ𣿡ıл۾
ǡлûзϡ
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˾ˣħħֻƶֱûĲ𡣡л
ıˣҪ֪ܿܡ
̾һܹɹ𣿡лЦ
ȻıĻشͬļᶨɡ
лЦ
ģû˿ԴģȻʮΪ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʹøصİض˽ƣָɣֿܵл֣ıȻ˴Բѵĸ˵һܻʤ˵ģʹʥȺӣǾûжʤ㡣
㲻ţı
лĵң𣿳ȻУǿ֮һ
֮һǿģû˭ᲢۡıлĻǿ
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ıһĨ죬ôʱ䣬ȣ̲㡣
ʱ䣿
лһһʱһǳĴ𰸣Ĳ˵ϹߴǶǴһģҲǾϣļӳ֣Ŵﵽһ߶ȵġ
ʹʥķӾȻֻǴʱ䣬ǵǿѾӹˣıʱ䣬ô̿϶ٴģǧǰ櫳ʹʥ棬ɱ룬ʯ䣬ʹʥУѵʹʥȺӾûнӴ
˵ꣿ˵ܹܾܹܣлЦһ˵һ̴ֻܹݻء
иݵġı˵
лǾ˵˵ĸݰɡ
ıʹʥȺӣѾ֪ǵĴˣҲ˰ţҪ׾٣ͬʥذ㹻һֻҪԣǣѡ
ˣΪʲôʥֻʥǱģûжٹܹʥһԾȵĻ𣿡лʵңһµĿ̣꣬Ѿϸ棬ֻȻҲ뵽ɣܹ𣿲ܣ
Ȼ˵ˣҲ㣬ܷδ֪׵֮ǰѾд̸ˣܹв̣ıЦĵ¿֪Ҳ֪̹֣ǰһֻһּ̣ܵ䣬޷Ǵ󲿷ֵİһڴУЩ꣬δκξٶΪʲô
лĵû
⻰˵İıһۣûûȻڴڼ䣬ʥرӡûʵǿ⣬ǻŴ½ػߵвǴӲִ½񣬳ǣǵħ˼ǲŻ֣ǰһȻ޷ǿ⣬ȴʱ䣬½ػһĴ֮ǱܵϹʥ¹Ĵ½ػǰѾʵֻ꣬илһ˶Ŵˣ̳Ӵ˾κܹ赲ǰĲ
Ȼǿ󣬺αҪʥʥ׵أôǿֱӺɨһˣбҪ𣿡лʵ
⿴Ƽ򵥣ʵȴǽıǿĳ´ʣˡ
ǰǿ󣬺ʥ
ʥʵ޵ĺܡ
ıΪʵ


1109  
л۾Űı˾Ȼ˵ʵڸԼ̾ºʵ
Ц
ǿɲѡ
ǲǲţôܾô̼ɵĺʵ˵ıЦ
лߵûҺ֡
˵ʵû˵ǾºʵıЦˣЦݺܲãлԽʱ䣬Ǵ·ġ
ʲô˼лü
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һüı²ϸ룿
лѾĺˡ

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лΧһϢ
ȻûʲôֱΧһаıĸִڣıóıֶεˣ϶ҲԼİȫʮֵ⣬Բðһ˶ֵģʶ߿϶˸档
лȴûвЩ˵Ĵڡ
£ҽú롣ı˵
лҲ
ǷΧлҪĿ궼ǰıе˹һвлɱıᣬˣһ˿ĻᣬܸıһսĽֵġ
Ҳú룬ܹ߽δܹ߳ȥлЦ
ҪɱңıЦˡ
лûҸоܲ
ž
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Ųлû֣һɰȻӱһӰӺĴ֡
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ıһЦҰ㡣˵׷һХХ𶯵ķԲǧ׶ͬգ쳹ʣ˵Ǿˡ
лҲһƷ
̼һƬҵУıЦĵʵδҵĶ֣Ҫҽ֣Ȼǹڵػ˵ɡЦȥ£ģϧ
ϧҪˣԲܺл䣬˱ǰͻıȥ
ٶȿνޱȡ
һȻûзеĺۼɱϾа棬Լص⣬Ծǲʹ÷УٶȻҪݵĶࡣ
һıڵı
˵һ⣬Ұһȭصȥٶȣ׼սʼģ˹ҲȵлòСӦıȭͷתת˶Կ
ʥȭ
䣡
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леһǿݹˣǰııҲƺһû뵽л˵ǿᣬҲ󵹷ȥ
ôһˣлӣһ½ӽ˰ıĸڴͬʱĹҲıɻ⣬˷ţҪ߳ȥ
һֻȥ͸е󱳴һɿֲľƺܹʽƬò֡
䣡
ҲԺһǡ
лʩչԾǵȭ
ڣıʵҪһЩζԺ䣬лֻǱλζ£۰ıֱӷ˳ȥ
лҪ׷ɱڵĹٴε
˵ǿл˿⣬ֻӦ˫̼ʮȭδζӲӲ
ʮȭлײ˷ţҲ˫飬ɫЩҰףʵãҪ֤ı뿪ʶǿлĺľʹлʩѹ
ıʱѾվȥϵĻҳݺݵĿлһۣԭģȫˣ֮ѾҲֻѸȥ
ǿһģııĵ˵һСѪ˦лѸٵʧҹĻС
лҲ֪˺ܲʵʵԼδĶֻ֣ϧҪıòǿԳһЩԲŻ˿ȥлռϷѡ
ȥ޺޵ĵˣʲôӲҪǵҹϳӵеĶֶĶһǸΪǵİıġ
ˣӦòǵҪǼô򵥵ġлվ˴ҹĻУӰ˸ɱϣҲǷֹ
ʱҲˣ費Ҵ˵򵥣˵ıĿģ
һģȻҪαŪôĶХǺЦ߱ˣҵķڵҵģָ˿Щûôɵ룬ХӦһźţֻǲ֪ҪʲôˡлЦ
Ҳûȥѯ˾巢ʲô
ʮ֮ɱʧ
ҲǰʾǸ⣬Ϣȵ֮ķϻл»طϢ
ڣл췢飬ǰǰܣһ飬ܽһ仰ǾŮڷֵİڣע⣬ӣ϶ӵ֣Ǹոտʼ
ͨЩл㰲
һҹ޻
峿ùͣŮλϰ˿ȱˣǰȥ
飬˶Ĭûἰʲô鶼ûзһϰҲûн͵˼
һ·ϣ˵˵ЦЦģ͵ڵء
˼壬һ
νȴͬȻû֮ţû¥ݣзֲ㣬ʮ㣬ÿһ߶Ҳһףʮ׵ĸ߶ȣÿһ㻹ܹƺһЩš
λˣҲǿĵطϰ˵
ʥصʱлͷˣΪǿĶǷڶڵģΪȫĵط
ϴòǴ͸ÿһһڵĶɡлЦҶǲܾġ
ҿ϶¡
һ
Цĸš
ǻô˵ʵ˭ţ˭ὫԼĶóƽ޹ʵأ
Ҫ֪Щɲһν⶷ܹģԶǶ⶷еļƷʸڱš
ȵ˵꣬ϰ˵Ҿ˼


1110  츳һ
ֳһӰ
˶Щ㵵ĿϰлҲ⣬ܳԾϰĻҪֳ֪ϣĴΪ˵ÿһ仰ᱻעģȻΪô˵һЦʶǲŻᾪȡ
ȻҪͶ
л˴֮࣬ɻҪ֪ڵĶÿһǶ⶷еļƷлжϣܹӵĶҲ׶졢ּ߱Ķɡ
˵ȶǿܹඥǿߺĳ
ûЦɡлЦ
˶Ŷ
Ȼϰ˵ȷڵĶóλѡ
˶Сˡ
Ů嵽ʲô˼ƽ޹ʵͶ⶷еļƷô붼ûɣѵһֶܹı뱳֧ߵĹϵ𣿴Ȼǲܵģ϶Ҳ֪ȴҪ˲òǵˡ
ϣŲô򵥵͸Ƕɡлʵ
Ȼϰһָǰʮ㣬ûͨÿһÿһڴڷһֶЩжǿ˵ҲδţõȻͻ֪һ£˵Ҫ˵ǣǧǰȱµģ;һǲһ˵츳Ǳһǲġ
֪Ҫõûô򵥣滹ŵ㶼䣬ϸ
лҲгΪ˵Ĵˣ츳Ǳʲô˼˵һЩ
ϰͷܵҶ˰ɣʮ㣬ǵƣԽߣļҲԽߣҲԽ󣬵ҪҲԽߣȾǱͨ츳ԣ·󷨣һȥͻвһ˵Ǳ츳ǱԳ֮󣬻һͨͨһ㣬ζһ˵츳ǱжߣͨͷսҶ֪һ˵ľߣδشͺǿͼ缶նɱ߼ǿߣԭڶ飬õȵȣսԳ˵ͨԣǱõһֶ
뿴ǴҵǱΣսΣ԰ɣл
ûΨдﵽҪҲܽн飬λУ츳ܲģֻ˵ˡϰ˵ȻλҲѡԣҾòһԼ츳ǱԼκ˵ֻкôûлġ
лֹ嵽ʲô
ɵ϶ĳûô򵥣ŮĿĺȷҪչԼʵЩڵĺԭ֧ߵĺȻ϶ȫ˶ӦԲ˵ģҲͨЩǱ֧ߵģ֮УһĿġ
ɡ
Ťͷȥ˵꽨
лЦЦĿ˵ϰ
ˬ죬֣롣ϰЦ
꽨ҵǱ̫ҿɲҪȡЦҰ˵ߵ˴ϰƶλվ
ϰ߶߶ȫֻҪһɡ
꽨ͷ߶
˾͸еһ˿΢ľžͿɫ䣬ԭǺɫשߴɵģȴɫģɢɫĹâͬһ㡣
һλõ£û£֮ﵽ꽨Ľ£Ư꽨Χ
Ƭ֮󣬾ͿЩŶȻû꽨ڣžһ꽨ͷȥŸ߿ճȥ
츳ǱԵָ꣬ǹһ㣬ͱ츳Ǳĸߵ͡ϰٵ˵
ǲ֪ʮ츳ǱأлЦʵ
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ϰʮΪʮ־磬߲սʼ׼սʼԴơ
ǵڰ˲㣬ھŲ͵ʮأлʵ
սʼϵĻ֣˶Ǵ¶֮䣬ؼϹʱĻ֣ԸڲᲢ۵ģ׼սʼϹʱͲڵģʱȴǱҪһ硣
Դ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮սʼϵľ绮֣һֱǸգֻҪõҵϿɲС
ϰЦʵĻ֣Ѿһλǿ߿еõ˴𰸡
ô˵лһӶעĿڴϰϣͬʱҲ֪ϰĻӵ֤һ㣬ǾŮȷǷ˱ǿǡ
ݱǿڱ֮ǰѾ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮󣬾ֶϸƶϡϰ˵ԣѪӡ⵽ƻδȫƳ֮ǰﵽսʼѣսʼϣϹʱһľ磬ǲģͬ׼սʼϹʱûһ»֣սʼɷΪʮףʵ˵ˣǾĸ硣
лĸ磿ǰһ磬мһ磬һ磬ʮսһɣ
ϰȷʵˣֻΪ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮󣬵ÿһʲôɫ˭ҲǱ򵥵ķʽ֣֮ǰʥʾ
ĻжϣЩսѹӦĽսʵս֮ɣνǿߣӦ߽սʵŽս֮ɡ
ٹȻһ±ˡϰЦ
лЦҲ֪⾳ĻֶӦϹʱǸʲô
ϰŽսʾ൱ϹʱµЩȼľ磬˵ǾŽս۷徳磬һֻſʮսʼ˵ʮսʼû֪ˡ
ɵһꡣ
ȻͨѪӡ˵ľӲȵֻܴﵽ׼ս۷弶սʼδֹ˼㣬ǾǾӲİʮ
ʮսʣǾǷϹʱ޵еġϰ˵
ϱ˵ˣ˵ɡл
ϰ統ǳΪսʼǳһҪɾʮսʼѣϹʱﵽʮսʵģҲֻǿܴﵽûܹ϶ǷѾﵽѪӡδȫԸûܴﵽʮսʼǴﵽ߽սʼԼΪ㣬ΪǿǵƶϣһΪﵽսʣͻٴ֮ͬǰﵽս۷弶һ󲿷תƽѪڣӶͻƷǳǳѣΨеȵ֮Ѫӡȫܹܴġ
ǧյվ˵Ļӵǿߵδǿġ
ûлš峤˹λ̬츳Ҳܹ󣬴ﵽ߽սʣȫ½츳ҲôˣǿǻָɡϰЦδܹսֵľǿǣӵǿߵʤߣ


1111  츳
ڴϰĻлûжٻɣϾ飬֤ģҲûбҪ˵ѣ֮ѪӡϾδȫ£վҪܵӰġ
жϣǿǣҲЩ߽׵Ž׵սǣҲȷпδƶصǿˡ
ֻлףӦ޴˹ǡ
ʥעܹӰ죬һֱͨߵʮսʵġ
ѪӰ죬Ҫﵽսʼ߽ϵǿ߾ѣɱǿҲδֻɡǧյճܹӵУѵʥؾһû𣿡
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뷴ǧյյʱƿԣϾûʸ֪֧ʥ֮һɽʲôƵġ
򵺵׵Ϲ˰ɣ˼ҵĵƣܹ֪ء
ֻܸλʥأֻ¿ǵĺ󻼣̵ӡϰ˵סˡ
ûȷ˵ȴ̵ӡ
лһȻ֪\Ԩ˵\Ԩյܣ֪ܲһԶ϶Ǿбս֧֣\Ԩбǿߴڣô϶֪оǣȷ˵ˣʥֻʮսʣҲ޷ܵơ
ƶϣʥػĺпܲڱǿߡ
ˣ֮󣬱ǿ߳ʥҲ˶䣿
ʥûУأߴȴѾģڳĴ塢ѩһأ
Ļл߳ɵİգӦôڵģΪֶΣʹսʼѾѹֻҪһ֮󣬲ܹͬ峤׿Խһ뿪פأɻɰչ׿Խ˵бչصսʼȻͿս߽ϵǿˣֻڴУսʾսʣûἰʲôǿߵ˵ˡ
ȻܹӵУѩһأ
ɶԼܾġ
б̡Ľӣлţǿ϶ҲУƺΨʥûС
뵽ΨʥûУлԺͻȻʵ֣һ޷ݵĸоͷʥѰҺʵûô򵥰ɡ
Ҷ˳Ĭ
ս߽ǿߵĴڣʹЩʥŹˣһЩ뷨Ͼ뱳֧ߵĺǾζδ
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ҿ쿴ֵ츳ǱҪˡϰ˵˼
Ҳֻ˼ʱע档
ֻ꽨ͷĹѾﵽˣûڼˣʱڲŷһĨɫĹ꽨Ľ£ĽγһɫͨȽȽ
ﵽһ㣬δܹﵽľͻֳϰ˵߲һսʣڰ˲ĵսʣھŲߵŽսʣʮʮսʡ
л˱㾫Ĺ
ɫͨٶȺܿ죬գۼ㴩Խǰ㣬㣬ٶҲʱû꽨ɫҲЩǲģԣԼһֱźܶڴ
ˢ
ΪɫͨҪͣʱȴһӴﵽ߲ĸ߶ȣԾţƵٶ
ܿǾͿ߲Ĵ˸ɫâ
˸⣬ζδҲǴﵽһ㾳磬ȴ˸һȣζһסϰ˵ʱ߲Ĵȣ£Ӧܹﵽսʵľ磬Ȼﵽ߾磬Ҳǲܵġ
꽨һ˻ЦȻֻﵽսʣ츳һ˵Ѿˡ
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⣿ʧǿ¶Цݵӣʧ
л˶սʣսʮвۣΪ֮ѪӡӰ죬Ѿ൱ˣܹﵽһĿɲ࣬ڳˣпսʼδܹﵽϾ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻҲ˭ܹսʼġ
һɡ쵺Ӣڶ˳
һйͬǰһ޶ͨҲﵽ߲㣬ֻȴ⣬Ҳ˵£Ӣδľ磬ֻܴﵽսʡ
½顣
ʵвͬмȻûдﵽսʼвԹģ߼ǧյպף˶ﵽڰ˲㣬ȴĵزҲսʵĵز
ʣµҲлԼһֱжʿǾ쳽ǫͷƵŸ³ˡ
Ÿ³Ŀһǫ̤ȥԡ
ĲԺܿ˽
վȻڵڰ˲㣬ȴͬĵزҲ˵δֻҪܹﵽսʵĵز
˵ĿǰΪֹǿˡ
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쳽ǫλϵĹֲŵȻһЦԵŮ˵һ䣬ɢƮ·
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˵Ǳлһ̡衢˵ĸо츳ʵǱ뺷֮ġ
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ˢ
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ٶϰŮ˿ȶ¶˾ݣҪֵ֪ĲѾһ㣬ﵽľԽߣǰʱɫͨٶԽ죬ǫģǵһγ֡
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ҲζţǫܹﵽھŲĵز
ھŲζ߽սϡ
ǫˣ쳽ŮһĻ˷ܵļֿζǫܹΪǿһεġ
ǫʼԵķƵŸ³ɫ쳣ѿ¶һĨŨصɱ⣬ˡ
ȻǱǫѾɱ⣬ˣõİ취ǰɱҡУһɳǾǵ˵جΣҪ˵Ҳ¶ͬɫ
лҲע⵽Ůλϵɫ仯оϲд㵡
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˽սʣ˽սʣ쳽Ů˷ܵļֱǫĻУ˷ֱܵ
ȷ˵Ԥ֮⡣
Դ˵Ŀⶼǫϣע쳽

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һĹ̡
ɫͨĽ³֮󣬲ûȥԭ˸ɫḶ́ĽŵףƺҪһ㡣
쿴
˾һҵĿͶݹȥ
ֻŤͷʱ䣬ɫͨӵȻȥգ۹򶼲ֱӴﵽ˵ھŲ㡣
Ҳ٣һĻĳ֣ʱϰ̲סһֿڡ
ҲȻĿ衣
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ͷ𵴲ѡ
лϰ̻ϰˣʹʥ棬Ѿֳ˾̾츳ˡ
ʮƺĴƺǧյսе
⻰ƾĴҿҪϢˣ׷̧ͷȥ
ֻǵʮĴȻ˸ǲûͬھŲǰǲͣ
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ϰĿ˺ð죬˵ǾζţλδĳɾܹͣﵽŽսʾ磬һϣʮսʼ
ΧһƬ
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ʮսʼʲô츳Ǳ
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ԣȻҲѷɫ̺ѾռϴʽǱҲȫͷųҲԡ
ƽ˻
ĳԣǿߵ׷ѾﵽһǷĸ߶ȣҲԼһܹﵽԲΪ˸е˷ܣοֻ˵ǱܷﵽҪԼС
ѹֵ˵ʥеǱӦܹǰéлЦ
һвиõ
ϰЦģܴء
˷׷׿лΨһδ츳Ǳˡ


1112  츳
л׿ҲֹԼ츳أǷأ
Ŀǰʥԣ˵ܹﵽ۷ġ
лһƽϢľ̤ߵ·վܹ츳λ档
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ǧյʵϣ߶ܹ߷츳Ǳɣ
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ֻǸտʼ˾͸лͷϴһֵıǩ趯þȻܹ̼С
ΨлԼ⼫пҺ̬̫̬ԭ
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лҲʼĸӦר츳ǱҪܽһӰӡԺУȻƾаյλδһʦĴڣֽ츳Ǳо
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лһȥӴ
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лҺ̬ѸǱɫͨӴ֮һ־УԲٿصĸо
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ǿߣֻҪǵˣǾͱ뽫նɱҡУһɳǾ޵еĴˣǫɳޱȿֲģǲ޵УһЩǿܹƽģлͬǾ˵Ĵڡ
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֮Ѫӡȫӡ֮£ûܹﵽսʼȻǲܵģҹǸص룬Ǳ㹻櫶ɱڳɹ֮ǰġ
ο跽ŵıѾ㹻̬ˣһ̬ģ˼ҲʣԲŹأолοûмٰɵϰôǱȻνĵϰȻǱ£Ȼˣʥʥ׵ͻۣΪ˵ждˡ
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ǷǿĶҲΪԼ츳ǱﵽزлһٿҺ̬뵽ɫͨڡ

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ǰҺ̬֮£ԭѸٵϨȻǵɫͨҲٵĻ䡣
䵽һأʮԲУھŲ㣿ǺһĻҲԣۣͬˣҾ͵͵ɣɴھŲȴɡлֹţٿɫͨع顣
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ȻȴҲζδǰ˽սʣȻͻǱϾûдﵽǿĸ߶ȣƽġ
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潨ģû⣬ܹ֪Ҳɻصԭ
ԽˣʲôлɲǹЩѯʣתƻ⡣
̤ɫͨһ˵츳Ǳԣ֮͵ʺϵĶղصطȻսԣͨԣɽ룬õһŶϰ˵
лһ̤ɫͨ
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ߴͣף˶һСɽӿһˮɫĹⲨȻˮԵսꡣ
ˮսϱŷһǿѹ·ҲӦˣǿҵϢС
쳽ǫսʼˮϵս꣡


1113  顾һ
쳽ǫսļˢˢĽĿͶϰɫǷǳѿ
սʼսǵֱȥ
ȻЩδɾͿɹۣʵϾޣЩֻʮܹսʼս꿹⣿
λģսļȻܸߣǲ˵ģ޷ĻĹͻԶֹͣоս꼶ȻܸߣӵݲĲͬͬģھŲ㣬ҲǷӳɵѡϰ˵
쳽ǫߵɣϣҪսʼս꣬һսʼģɵҲܹɱͨ׼սʵģ֪׼սλȫδܹһսɵ
˵쳽սʴඣȻλġϰӵĳϣȴҲһ¡
ŵϵǿǿģҲһ⣬ǾǺŵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰû׼սʼֵĵ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ı仯жϣΨ׼սʲſ˵õѪֱӿսʼģҲ˵쳽ʵʵԱҪǿ
쳽ǫĵǿɲ壬ǧǰܹܹսʼսꡣ

ϰһ졣
˭֪彨ģҲδؽһжռݵϹʱ⵺Щǵĳɹֻ˭ûдԣڴϰǫΪǫ˵ȻûбҪԣҲ
ǻǿսʼսɡŮ˿תƻ⣬̨£սǿ׼սλ޵ģֻҪܹ£ֵһеĻôսͿƿֲˣԽȼսɱ֣Ҳʲô¡
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һֱĶͨлЦ˵ʱɰ춼ǰΪڰ˵ˡ
ἰԼлеĸо
лȻ⣬ӵһʦҶ崴󶷼֮һİȭǿϵĶмֶ֮ȣȻܹΪ̬ܲڵĶܹͰȭᲢ۰ɣǧյЦ
꽨΢΢һüºα˽أֲõˣ˵ҺҲûпսʼսĿܰɣҿҲһɣɣ㣬ǶٻӦİɡ
ǧյջ뷴쵺Ӣ쿴ɣսҪˡ
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׼սʼλĻƻԶɱˣξ
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սʼˮϵս궸Ȼһ𵴵죬һʧȥǴնȥ
Ȼ༸ʮףսһնԾйؾ㶼һ䣬޷赲ӲӲſԣǶԷɵǾ൱׼սλֶ޷ģ˭ܶԿ
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ϰҲһü֪һ˿⣬ܶǵļƻɷǳĳ˶ֹƻġ
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Ů˿ȿЦԸжֵסɣȥʧˣҲõУȻǵļƻԵĴܾʹ˱ֹˡ
ֻˣ֮ǰ壬ˣҲǴﵽ˲㣬дﵽھŲģǸھŲ㣬ǿ׼սʼֲܹȥͨصġϰƵĵ
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һǾ뼸ʮףҶеԼ޷ܣֻܵˣȻôɵĶ㿪ˡ
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Ӹ˶лֳе𾪣ǻлʵ硣
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ٶɫͨ˵ھŲ㣬Ҫٵͬսʼս꣬ǿһ֡
ڲʹҹ˵൱ѵġ
Ѿ̤ھŲлڹ۲ܵΣһЦռ䣬ҲǶʮƽӣһεľ̨ƽİڷһᣬսʼսھվڴڣʿһ㡣
лûȥᣬǵҺ̬ȥǹսȥ
֪費ʹҹ𣬸ܶһЩеĶʵܵ൱Ӱ죬豾ֻͣսٸǿս꣬ǲĻ϶޷ͨ
Һ̬ľһ̱ս깹в
ǹ壬ϾлҺ̬ͷǳĿ£Ϊ֮Ҳǿֲ֮ģټս걾ս൱ĿֲԸӦǾвЩŻεȾһ±ץסᣬ˲䴩Խ
Ҳɹ뷿䡣
ˣͲˡлֹǰȥǸᡣ
Ҫʱ淺һĨİĹâ˸һĨɭϢһֱӽлָˡ
лɫ΢䣬һžᣬȻı
ࣣࣣ
촫
ǾİĹâѸٵĻ۳һΡ
л𣬵ͺȵ飡


1114  顾
飬һַǳĴڣֻ˵Ϲʱĩڣ֮һּѾлǽ֤Ψһû֤ľǻ֮˵ΪҪ֤һʵϹʱǶĴڣξܵش䲻ڳ׻ҲпܳĥĿܡ
յǵ˵Ǿǣһܵشڶʱͳǻһֿ鱣ָǾǰʵǳǿܵشҲӳһʱ䲻ɢҵϵǿʹùմȾЩǿѪƷܹ
겻µϢЩǿߵѪӶһɱ䡣
仯֮꣬ǻ顣
ֻ겻ܹͬ壬ܹ״̬£ս˵Ƿǳµһִڡ
ٺ٣ҵ˼꣬һҪˡһӵĳ࣬۷̹ⶢл·ɫɫǿ˳Ů
лߵȻı
壿Ǹʲô壿˵һǰЩˣ
Ц㲻֪лЦ
ƲΪʲôҪ֪ȺûһܹﵽھŲģһֱڻججУ츳Ǳ㹻ҴԺѹһС
ӣоƺ˵ѣлҲ֪ŷǳǿսģģǲҼȻҪȡԼ壬ûеԼˣ˵ѵĿԷǳС
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Ϊλ˭л˵ȴֹҪȡˡ
˴λھŲ㣬ҪǴ߶֮ģĻҲûпܣпܻᱩ¶ݵģҪ£þŪݣһʱ䣬취
˭˭˭ǵݺ£޵ң˭ǵһ𶯲񷣬Ⱥ۸׵ҡ·ңԶĻУ˵
ӦԵлǾ䣬һĻ˼άȻֹ۱һ⣬·ӷ磡
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л鲻Խĵ˰벽
ɫޱȵأĿ˸Ķǰ飬е޷ݣ֣̫ĴɫʣҲ׺ݵĴʣһʱߡ
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·ӷһսΣƽսÿսһΣȻǿţȴҲĺսԡ
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νȺۣˣʵԵģᱻΪȺۣǻ·ӷȺۣǿߴ峤ڣԼʱǿڵȺۣ˵ǸʱǿߵĴ󼯻ᣬΪ·ӷ壬ݷ·ӷΪʱĵһˡ
ʵĻ·ӷ޵ݡ
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лʿҺԼ·ӷָʵĻ޿ҲǱҺ̬ɱ·ӷ뵱İӥһɾͲҪˡ
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лЦֻ֪ųƺǧ޵ֵĻ·ӷôģһֱǸʷδⰡ
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ǻָĻҪҵ츳ǱԼӻججѹл侲ķҶ϶ܵصˣڵ㣬δܶҹв
Сһ㻹ǿһ·ӷǰû˸˵⻰ָֻһɵɱһССս۷弶֣ûʲôġ·ӷЦ
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Դʥ֮лʵͱڲˣ˸޷͸ʵġ
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㾹Ȼһҡ·ӷŭ漴ͻȻЦˣ֪ˣ֪ˣСӾȻҿ֪̽һЩ֪飬ڹңٺ٣벻һ·ӷ꣬Ȼƭˡ
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лȷҪû̽һЩ飬·ӷģϹʥʺᣬԴһɥĺϢⶼʷ⣬Ҳл֪ģǹϹʥʺ飬ǵǷ񻹴أĻڣĳطĻǷѾٶγɿֲȵȣĵģϾܿڽӰı仯ġ
㶼˵ˣɱңǰ֪һЩ飬ҲҵҪǿԵİɡл˵˵㺦ôʱ䣬һ֣ɱҪôСĻˣ뻢ְɡ
·ӷЦüҸһЩ֪顣һ˿һϵһ·ӷһףȻҾͳȫ㣡
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ķϻࡣ·ӷĵһףǻ֮ѸٵķŴһɫǶڣѸٵǰȥлҵĹ
лĵȻˣҲҲˣǰǺⰡֻҶԻôʱ䣬һɶļûйʱҽ̸ʱ䣬ʵ㺦ʱ᳹ɢġ
ˢ
·ӷĻ֮ȻɲĿлôܣƾľ磬Ǿһ˸࣬ҲԴﵽսʼֵľǿȵģܹҵ
лʼ磬ЦΪʲôܹҪҪǣǰأ


1115  顾
޵߻·ӷţָолԣ޷ݣһ֡ˬ
һֱڵĻ·ӷĻָʶʼڹ۲죬Ǳ̬ľҪ֪ǾҺ̬ģȻлܹޣϾѾս۷弶ľˡ
˾лٿصľѾﵽֲĵزҪɱ·ӷ磬ʮİա
˰գлȻڵĻ·ӷʲôˡ
ԣ·ӷҲеѰ죬Ҫɣһָ޵еĴڣοأ̫꣬ڻŵʱǾɱ飬Ҫʵ̫ˡ
ҪɱǾ̫ϧˣȻɱлҲһĺôĻȭŴսʼȭףֻԱȣƺŻ·ӷĺô
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һʱǿߣȺ۸׵ĳ޵и֣ĻԻͣ߰ġ
ܹͷ
влε˵˭ǰʵ̫ǿأһָٺ٣ܵˣʵԥҪҪš
СӣҲ˭ҪΪܹҵͿԶ̬ȡ·ӷŭȵ
лĵǰڵľ㴦ھԵƣҪڷĻˣҺвĿһ䣬ҲˣȻִǾȻԱɱڻ˵ĻǲƵܹѪĶϣҲѳΪ飬Ψһͣеĺ⣬ɾ͵Ļ飬㣬ܷŵ£ȥ𣿡
ŭĻ·ӷĬˡ
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·ӷĿ˸ԥС
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·ӷ绺صҵȷǱϹʥʵһɱģ֮ǰսʮһ֣ÿһóڵʱܹŽǰһĸ֣л˵ʵܹŽʱǰʮΪҸޱȲصƣҲ֪ʱǼȥҴߣҾãҵʵˣҪҲǺɵģһ⣬û뵽Ϲʥµһ꣬Ǻǣ֪ǸϹʥһ˭𣿡
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·ӷɬĵԭΪǱ˿Ƶ꣬ʱңԼȻδйԹ⣬ڿҪɱңıЩϹʥʺԼָǱõģӽңΪгһգܹɱҡ
лû˵ֻǾĿŻ·ӷ硣
·ӷ˿̵飬ǰٰζˣһ󶼲ԹŮˣ֣ʹ
л˵Եħĵʹʹǵ߸࣬»·ӷȻỳġ
ǰл
·ӷеʹʧȡ֮һĨƽ˵ѡ


1116  Ѫһ
·ӷľл񣬱Ĳ˵ǻ·ӷ㹻½ġ
оǣȻǾζŻ·ӷѾܱƵˣϾ·ӷһָʵ̫ǿˣָʵٶȣлţܿģֻҪҵʵļľ壬ܹ꣬һھȫָˣʱɲԼܹһڴﵽ۷ģھսʼ൱Ĳء
ǰǶףɱףҪ벻ԺҲ飬ұҪСл˵
·ӷ絭ĵԣҪһһָʵܹԼĶɲ࣬νļߵֶΣУҲܹնϵġ
ʵ
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˼ȥлҲû뵽ʲôԼİ취ؼ⻹ǣһԼһ֪
лͨаϵ
үаӰлǾչһĨЦ⣬ֻһۣлоаڷٵγԼһԸ񣬶Ը񼫿Ϊռ壬ȡļ䣬ƫ˼
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лզ಻ѣѹַŻ·ӷȷʹˣµ壬黹ôһԭ
ȷƪܹȡԻ·ӷʵһ߶ô޵еġ
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·ӷ취һ֮ģĻ֮ĵγַǳѣ취ȡڶ취Ǵԣô֮ģԼ
лʱˡ
ɲǴԣڶ취Ч
ǰƺԵİɡл
һаԣ֮ǰҲֻ֮߶䣬ɱ֮֮ľͱϵˡ·ӷ˵ƳһлܸӦ֮ģǳ֮ġţĿĶл֮ĵĲô֮
лզ࣬ı̬
ܹӦ֮ģȻܹ֮֮ⶼʲô֪±֪Ů˿֪Ҫܶ౶ɡ
֮Եģ֮ҲϵγɵģڣӦһĸðɡл
·ӷ֮֮ٺ٣㣬һ·ӷˡ
лȻǰ⻰ʲô˼


1117  Ѫ
о·ӷ˷ܣлеһЩ⣬·ӷȻϲϲŭַ˷ܣҲȻǶŷǳô飬ƺ֮йء
лɻĿ
֮֮ģѪ·ӷ簡·ӷ˷ܵشЦ
Ѫ
лĿǶ棬һҪͣǿߵľѪĳƷ棬ɺϼĴ棬ſܳΪ飬Ҳ˵ǸѪ
νѪЩٴﵽϾ˲ܹӵеѪҺܹ֮ΪѪ
ǰγɱѪлǶᣬѪѵвɣ
·ӷЦ֪Ѫ˭ģ
лҡҡͷ֪ܹǰԭѪ²ͨ˰ɡ
ͨˣȻǣѪϹʥһĵˣʵľѪ֮Ѫ·ӷ˵
Ϲʥʺµʱܹͬʣ͵ħĴħԶԣǼĻʺ͵ħħ
磬һЩҲֻһˣͬϹʥ˼һ㣬޵УһɱȨĴڣϹʥʾ˵ǰ󽻷ŴΣǰߴζɱϹʥӴܣӵڰ˴οʼҲϹʥﵽʮһ죬о˵ǧϹʥʽֶƽ֣ھŴν棬һɽ֮۱Ϲʥնɱġ
ʱ̣ƮѪɽĻǱѪǧҪԼѪǿߵӶٶ𣬹ʶѪҺвѪо̺һ˿ս⣬һ˿ѪеϼƷ
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·ӷˣȻ⶷ڼصĶǳǿ󣬿ҲͬҲ䱦ˣұĿıҪһЩʵѪܹͻƵġ
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лҡҡͷѪûʲôôʥһգܹҵѪҺҲﵽѪĵزǽѪǰıҵѪҺǶʥиá
·ӷ⵹ǣĶʥǰذ壬صļȽ⣬ʥת۵㣬ԼܳɹǽѪĻɹǿԣǻۿۣԺʥҲġ
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л֣⻢·ӷƺϹʱյķǳࡣ
Ҫ֪ϹʥʼȻصĵص㹩֮ܵãǱȻǷǳ˽飬ⶼ·ӷ֪ˡ
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ЩڵʱʥܾڿһЩﻹʥǰذ壬Ҳֻ֪ôطµλ´½ͺĳҪҳǷǳѵġ·ӷ˵
Ȼиʥܾлֹ˵ĻţţôϢ϶ѾٶǿʱԸ̣Ȼֵġ
ͷ·ӷ˵ȻҶϹʥʺûʲôøУǲòϣϹʥʵĺᣬһЩһЩӢǶаǵģҲ˵ѡԼΪۣӲѹȵħ޷ԭ򡣡
˶Դ˶Ǹпѡ
һתл»ع⣬ǰ㷽˵֮֮ġѪʲô˼
ӦܹҵҪ󣬳ΪҼľӵ壬ҵҲʥܹ㣬˵壬ʷǳ֮ãҲԴﵽҵҪҪָ۷徳磬ܵģұɸ壬ܹӵͻƵĻᡣ·ӷܵĵ֮ʰԵģ֮ȻҵҪܹӵʰʵ֮һҲаͻƵģ
лզ࣬ͻƣʲô簡
ҵǰļľ֮ǰֻǰĴ⶷ˡл˵
·ӷȻᷴԣȥǶУһĨİĹΣ󽥽ʧˣɴ洫˳⶷ᱻʩ䣬Ҫ׿ǿռ䶷ûռĻҲá
˵֮󣬻·ӷûϢ
лùᡣ
䣿
˵ǵһ˵ЩǣȻ䣬ҩָȻûзӦ
ųܹһҩָȻûиӦ
лЩȡ
΢һ£лǾʱҪ⶷ᣬҪĺ壬ʲôźá
صǿռ䶷лܡ
ĿռѾﵽؿռĵزǿĿռ䶷ԣȻǰܶġ
Ŷᣬл˳ȥ
ŷ֣˶Ѿžȥˣÿһ˶ŶᣬȴЩķ״ƺûд򿪹ȻСĽģ±ơ
ʲôְɣȻٽȥ磬ΪʲôءǧյЦ˵
лʼ磬Щ֡
Ŷʲô֣ǧյʵ
лЦ
Ȼ˵ģ·ӷ罫δĵˣԳаŵƵĳơ
֮˵з֣ҲԴϰģЩ뷨Ļǲ뷨
ʲôֻ֣ҪãԲġϰЦˣλѾõ˶ᣬǱʱ䣬λһЩ⶷ǷǶеļƷ֮󣬽λǰȥ֮ء
꽨˵֮ؿܹӵ츳ĵط
ǣϰЦ
ɻ˶Ǿһ
츳һЩеһ壬ֲսˣҹħӵҹħۣȽ⣬û츳ǹϵģŮ壬ǵ츳ǱһŮ֮Ǻ֪ʲô취Ȼе˶ӵ˼⡣
˼ͳ츳
Ȿһַǳµͫ£ɱħҲٻµģϰҪǴȥܹӵм֮أȻЩˡ
Ҫλһ£Ҫӵм⣬ҪһеһЩأȻĻ޷õ⣬ǵõҲԷõģзã˲ġϰ˵
леĶᣬ˵ĶòЩɣ
ϰЦЩȻĻΪΪʲôҪʲôģһЩڵ붷ڣ涷ʱ򣬿ԽڣлüĿܡ
Ц
лЦѣ취ǣʲôᰡʲôⰡǵӣֻ׵ǣѵŮ嶼Щ˵ɵӲɣЩ˿ɶǸδļ̳ˣδĳԱһǾ
⻰ôź˸ףüջǱڵĶأ쳽ǫ˵
˵еʡ
ϰһЦףҾбҪҪǵĻȫԶֽǿλʵǿŮ׼սʸֵǰҲԷɡ
ˣ͵ҪͬʱǺŵսˣҲɵɣҲŸеƺǸףڵꡣ쳽ǫĵûиϰӡ
ðɣλŵĻҲֻǵʱ򣬵ʱ޷õ⣬ǿɲҪûǰ֪ͨϰ
⻰˵ĺܶ˶һˬ
ƫƫϰֲͣ»ص֮ǰסǰһ仰λòҪ뿪˵أ̵ѾǱǽǾ֮ǰ߻ЩΣյġ
˵꣬ˡ
ƢôõһЩѾʼˡ
лƣﵽʲôӣã϶è壬һʱǸ㲻ʲôط
΢һ£лЦˣҪ֪˱£иǽ֮Ķͨڴ˷ʱˡ


1118  顾һ
ڣл»ϡ
ǽԼľ˵һ飬裬жܸɴ࣬ȷûʲô֮󣬱˶뿪ˣΪ˰ȫûжԶйκεľٶҲδþ̽ӹ
л辭飬ǾҪȥϰ̽õĶУǶ쵽ˣŮһıֻıʲôȴĥ͸ıĶ̫ˣıӣƫƫԽˣԽ׽͸
޻
ֱҹɫ٣ù֮л˵Ҫ˴֮뿪
ϲûʲôơ
лɵıЩػסĸְΧȥڶûʲôͼ֮ģл;ץһĸ֣ʳס֮󣬽ɱ
̶ѾǱ룬ɱҲû˻ỳлȻġ
˵ģлŴϰסȥˡ
ΪϣڿȨƷǳصģסĵλãһ൱ݻׯ԰
л֮󣬱㷢֣ׯ԰⾹Ȼвٸ֣ŮһЩ־ȻҲ
ׯ԰л鿴һΧĻׯ԰һЩϵסѲ߶ӣΪѲ߶ӣĵμǵŽׯ԰ڡ
֮£κηͬ衣
ׯ԰һƫƧԺڣʩչĶͨׯ԰ڵϢ٣Ҳʲô֮ˣʶлѡʱţȻѰڵλá
ոմӵðʹһ˿ΣС
Ǳл
һͺǽڴ
ȴлǱͬʱȻҲ˴Ǳÿлӵðһӱлݡ
ˢ
лҲû˳
ҲǱлͻȻָһ£漴ӦҪڴȣ˵ע⡣
ֻǸ죬лĹ㵽ˡ
ͬһʱ䣬лҲ˴˵Ŀ
飡лͬԾѿڷͺ˾ȻСϷֱɱƿصĸ֮һ
ȭ
лĳˣһȭûκεϢûκεĹâ˸ͬͨһȭһѸ͡
֪ʵǳĿ£Ȼб
أ
Ҳæȭֵ
ȭͷײεĲײǽ棬ſһѪ۾ҲӰݣɭɭĶлȫӿźɫ
лֲִ٣ûзӳȫΪܸл˿谭
ĵڶȭҲˡ
޵ҪڶϺȵĻᶼûУϾˣֻܱķ
лҪľǿ졢ݡ׼ȡ콫նɱԲܱ¶Լݣһ֪棬ô¶ĿԾͷǳĴ󣬶жҲǳ
ȭ֮죡
һȭǧлϱĹǱģŷԵ
ƺһͬȭ
һȭֱҲɱ䣬ԭռݵѾɱĸ壬ҲȻģһȭȥǱ۰ͳɫĹâѸٵĸֱۣʹֱ۳һϸܵƬȭͷҲצӡ
䣡
ڶȭػ
ʱһը죬𶯵Χͬ׺
켴ϸۡע⣬ЩѲߵˣ̷һĶϺȣѸٵۼ
лŭ
˷ǰҪģ˱ˣ»ܶ鷳δܹõ鱨
ȫһȭ֮£Ȼ죬Ծɱл͵һȭѪɳȥҽУͿѾֶѼ󣬰ɭɭĹɲӶ¶ˣǳɭֲ
ȭ
лٶȳεٶȸ졣
Ƶ˳ͬһ⣬ֻգ۵ĹѾ׷ǵɵ顣

龪һͷûаԥռҪȥ㿪һ
лȴᣬһȭصȥ
䣡
һȭ֮£ͱıըˣĻᶼûУһĲҽУΪС
ɱ飬лһʱʩչ
Ǳµһ̣Ѿ˽лͨʩչȻȺĺ档
Ϊ˷սᾪϰģ˭֪Ȼû֣лϸһ֪ϰڸڣȥ峤ҪҪ̽δ飬һ
лһȥѰ峤ס
峤ϵȼ˾ۼһ̸۵ȻǷǳҪ飬Բĵľۼһġ
ѯ峤סѾˣһ𷵻صĻŮ˿ȡ
ʱлԶ
ͨĶͨҲȻһ۱ϳ飬лȰϤ̶ȡ
ĴǺܳ滯˱ʬףʬݣ֪ͨڵĺȻ˵ɱֵȵȡ
Щ֮󣬰˿ȱһ鷿κ˲ÿŸţлƾ鷿ĺ棬ڰ͸ܹΣͨĶܹͨĽ̸
鷿ûϽ̸ȥƶһǽڣһͨͨµܵ
л״֪ǶȻзǳҪ齻̸ûҪ˽ңϲ֮࣬ٴʩչӵѰҵڡ
ҵĴ巽ͨͨķлҲжϵĳİ֮£˳ıҵ˵ҡ
Ҳ󣬴Ҳռһٶƽӣֳ䣬һЩ裬ΣҵװΣӦϢġ
л֮󣬱ڡ
˿ȴܵǱɫޱȵϣûнҲ鿴˼صĵطҲǲ֪ǸõĻ˽ġ
֮ʲô˶ã˿ȿڵģѩ׵ԾԵúۡ
ǷѾŽڰһ븮ۡû뵽ǻûлὫ£ͱɱˣƻǵļƻ
Ǳѩ˸ɵģ˿ȵ
ǻ˭ǰ飬֪ľͼˣΨǱѩһֱԴ˳ַĵ
üͷ壬˿ȵȴƺôһ¡
Ϊʲô
˿Ƚ͵ѩ֮䣬˹ϵǷԣҲ̫Ǳ˵أȷģˣʵ϶ģԱѩǰ֮˵ʵܹɱߣۼĻֻѦʵʱһ𣬷ֿ֮ٶٿ죬Ҳҵ飬ڽնɱɣûʱ䣬˵ʵʸ񡣡
˿һŭİҲ侲û˭ɵģܲЩĸְɣ
Ȼǣҿ̵ĿԸ󡣡˿ȵ
𣬵˼ǣҲһ̵˸ˣǶõеǼԲŻᷢͻģ
˿ȵˣĿʲôҪݻЩǿǣֻһҲⲻǵΪǵʵҲ˸ִڣӦǿڵĵطս¸޷룬սʶڱչУܹоǱǿ֮أرصģֻ峤ܽ룬ǵѵЮ峤ɡ
峤ʵȷܹвġͷ˵ǴеĿֻһˣǵõǼˡ


1119  顾

лĸָĻԾܹλĴ˵Ǿ;ԱͨﶼҪƷûʸ񱻳Ϊ
巢ֵİǱǿǣһĴڰʲôأлֹţԺһϵеĿԣҲûһ򣬿뵽ĴڣŮ嶼δɴ˿ɼϹʱȻһǳֲĳصء
뵽лǵʮҲ뷨
ջ黢·ӷ˵ǻججģҪѹ˵츳Ǳﵽһ̶ȲУҲ˵֮ǰŮˣûһﵽھŲĵزҲǵھŲϵ׳˶֮⣬Ƿİû֪ʮʲôҲ֪
ҵеˡ˿ȵ
ʲôʵ
˿۾к˸Ҳѩɫëѡ˵ΪפأΪפأ̫ܣ̫İ̫ڣԴһʼЩصĵطǶǿⰲţͨ˽ģǼĵطǿصĵط֮һ֪ҲȼѣΪʲô̵˻֪
ǵԱǿߵģֻģ԰ô֪ģѵǵڼ飬ǵ˲ɣ
˶һۣӶԷиоɱ
ɭɱ˼ӿš
ڼ͵лгҲƣôŮİǿߣʲôʲôģˣ壡
壬һǳ壬Ϊ壬塢ѩ塢塢ߴ岻ͬߴΪΪ͵ħֶ塣
Ǵ˼塣
͵ħ֣˵е͵ħħ嶼ͼƿ˼磬Ϊ׵ģ׽˼ģ˵ʮǰųʮģ󾭹սɱ¾ֻʣ磬ĳһ߽֮һǿ壬פģ統׽˼壬ֵʱѡ˼ս
Ҳˣʹ˼磬ԼֻϹʥʱĴս̫صĴ˵Ѿˡ
лû뵽פأҲΪʲôôˣһЩصıǿߴڣضĸֲǡ
һ뵽壬леͷۡ
ʵ̫İ壬һЩǿǳǿǵܹŮ½ԼڲϵͬʱǺ֣ҲѸ͵ţΨʥƺܵµв֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʹʥصϳ֣Ȩﻹʱȥʵ˾ʥǡǡ֣ԭҪѷɫһʥصлãʥҪһһĺǶԿҪˣȻʥֵĻԾ޵еĴڣŹͬĿ꣬Դ巽ֵġ
˿ȣǼҪʹãҲܵģĿǰΪֹ֪ܹʹõҲŮ壬Ľ͵ʹ壬鷽޷ӦãӦٵģʹҪõĽδǳ֣ܲûе˵˵˾ǺĽ塢ʹͬʱϵˣ˭أΪʲôҪôأ
Ҫڼѡ˿Ц
ЦҾ֪϶а취˵ɡ
˿ĵİ˰һۣлһ죬˸òмɡʲôطȻǲ֪峤ȴ˵յģ£Ǻ峤˭Ҳǿһ壬Ǽ֪ڵĳһ͸¶ЩϢ͸¶λϣû̺飬˵ˣ˱ڼ飡˿˵
ð취
˿ȵȽϺôϾռҵĻЩܷãܷЩˣЩǿܻᱻеİ
лŮʲôڼ鰡֮ģȤڼҲûʲôϵ
ȤĻǶصİ
ⷽ棬ʮİաЦ
ôѾˣ˿Ⱦϲ
ЦǵģѾȫգĶ涼ĺöĪⰡ

лͷһ£һַǳҲ˵ǳаĶһ޳ɿͨĳý飬ʩչһ˵ϣôܹ˵꣬ӶӸƿһˣǸ˱ԼĿܣµĵطڣһжʲôֻʹÿܹٿΪȥɱˣ͵Ըʲôʱûκα仯
ô˿ɻ
ֹ۷Ź⣬ץס˿ȵ֣ĸţһɢֻҪһʱ䣬ܹչĸĿóٸӣ˵Ǹ쳽ǫһ˿쳽ĵʲôģҾֶܹͨΣҲƣӶƿ쳽
˿ȴϲģ
ЦȻȻĻΪҪộ˰ֻһ˷
̫ˣƿЩЩʥʲô򣬶УӶռԽЩڣ˵Ļܹһ̨ס˿˷ܵص
ֻ˿±Ƚ鷳
˿ȵ˵ʥʥ׵쳽ǣ
ͷܹﵽֻǰ˲㣬˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻﵽ˵ھŲ㣬ǸٵŮȻӽʮĵزһֱûдĸ߶ȣΣҲ֪Ҳû¿
˿ȵµһЩϿǵھŲĶᶼĶˣʮ㲢ǶΪ˱֤Щ˶ȥ䣬ӦעҪǰˡ
ֻ֪еʧ˵츳ǱʵǾˣܹͨƵĻδǳɳı˵ôˣϧ
Ҫģǿɲֻ׼İţǻ֮ԼŮİ𣬿¿ġ˿Ц
Цǵǿԣֻǲ֪ûпᣬǷ񴥷䡣
ãҲ뿴Ƿ˵ܹȡǵת޵ʮ档˿Це˵лĶУȴͬһ㡣
ȡʲô䡣
оǣתƵʮ㣿ǵʮʲô֮ǰҲ˵ˣǶᣬǵʲôأ
òҪˣһˣ˾ͻɶ汻ֽţҵĿʩչŷǳ谭˵ӦûǶԶЩɣðǽ䣬Ļû⣬ܹ˰ȥ⿪ᣬȥҵĿʩչ
ǵǡ˿ЦھͰǽ䡣˵ű۾˫ǰ任Ÿָƣ촽䶯һ
лҲ鿴ռָڵĶᡣ
ͷ֣⶷ķ鶯Ĺâ
Ȼ˽⵹š
ˡ˿ٴۡ
һץס˿ȵĸ첲һק뻳УƱ˿ȱǰأǿǺܳʱûˡ
Ļδ䣬ܵϷٵĲɵɫͬʱһ䣬ϽվѸٵĻص档
лʵʲôˣ̸֪Ҫ𣿡
ϲˣ˳ˡһٵ
ŭȺ쵰ǻûǣȻǣ˿ȣٻս꣬ȥȫ
л͸еɱ뺷Ϣһ죬Һ÷ûгֶԸǣ˾Ȼһ׼ս۷弶սػš뵽սʼս꣬лɸ̾ıŮռˣǿǹ˵ġ


1120  ʮ㡾һ
ս꣬л̫˽ˣϵսֻ꣬Ǻȫˣϵս꣬Ҳʮģλһһ׼ս۷弶ս꣬ټս꣬лǲսģȻôܹ࣬֯һսŶӣǾĹˡ
лֹţȴûͺ
ʩչʼոڰ˿ԧĺ棬Ҳ˱˵սꡣ
Ƕǻϵսꡣ
սͨȼ棬ͷǿƣ˵ԣٵڵλ÷ȥͬʱлҲдĸڷٵķȥоһЩѩɫŮǣǵ⣬ȶٶ졣
лһ£ƺûҪϼһӿٶȣԽ˿ȥ
Ƭ֮㵽˵ص㡣
ԶԶؾͿͨ嶼һɫâţʹĴսǿನ޷˵˵滹սʼսػš
лûп࣬λãûжˣֻǵһЩսڰлϸ۲ţֳֵĹȻ̵ĸ֣ÿһ˵Ķͷ涼ͼǰһֻ棬лЩԾȻʮˣÿһʵǿĸ֣ĸǱȻûвɾֵˡ
ңЩҲԲȫ˾лֿˣһŮҲ̵ˣͻˣҹĳΪˣⲻûпܣǧǰ櫿ʹʥֹŮҲǧǰ仧˵صġ
һֿܣǾǰıɵġ
ıı£һ˹ƵܹһˣȻô̸ֵжҲͱȻйصģ߻жлĵıֻһ֮Եȴе˵Ŀ£һԳı˫ˣôȻĳⲻŮΧ˵Ļ𣿲ԣ԰ıôһԭ򡣡
лĶͨȫ濪
ҪѰҰıټıǷȫɱûҵıټ
ȻıʵĿĲҪԴ˵أ˵ֻĿ֮һлʮ㣬ǾãǰıΪҪĿĻҲһô򵥣ϾʮŰҲԴһЩ뷨ġ
лİͨѰҿܵİıĶԱ
ȥȻ˰ı׼սʼıڵӰлֹлδܹǰııڣȴûаıټôȻӦִаı񣬸Բд
뵽˵ĺ󷽡
𣡡
һХѹս
һȺȺĸִ˷ӿ˵Χ
ôˣҲңߣػ֮ⶼ򲻿Щ̵ĸ֣ĵ
˿ɫȴ켸ţ
ʮˡɫȻһ䣬⣡֪ÿµĽ죬ػ֮ʧЧʱ򣬸ţһü⣬̵ͳͳնɱ
⣬ͫǵ壬Ǿ츳ҷһֹе
ŰһŭͳͳͷųһĽɫ⣬ǵ˫ּصķš
ɱȵ
ٵͬʱȥ
һʱ콵⣬ޱȣǻ䣬ܼǼʮ̸ȥ
䡭
ϯһУڻһԭֻǿļٿȻʮֹļлеģ϶һʱѡߵġ
ֻϧЩ̵ĸ־ҪߣҲûǸ£ȫ
һ󣬻ָ˼ž
ٿЩ̵ĸȫûټȻըѪζû£ĿҲչֳˡ
лııڣȻƽĴƺԼһоûС
Ůʩչǧ䣡Ů˿Ҳȵ
һŮͬӦǱİɫȫչÿһëһĨɫĹΣƺ
һɹɵǿϢŮչֳ
ݡ
ļХ
ЩŮ屳ë׷׵ķһӽԲ׵Ŀռڶ
䣡˿ȶϺȵ
ëһëƿЯһɷ͵¡
лʩչôë£ܶȥģһжȻᱻֵģЩٶȴ߶⣬͵ðأǽص˸
ʱǰııȴһͳֽŵһڵĶѿ
̼䣬ɭֲĽȻ
ͿЩɱ̵ĸǣǵӰȻֵٶȸֳ˻𣬷Щëȥ
һжڰıļ֮У˵أƽ޹ʵЩ̵ĸָʲôԭĿлЦ
ħĵʹҲٿطһ
Щûʵëĳ̣ܹƾǵݻЩëȻЩŮĸǡ
һεĻսʼˡ
Ҳʱػɫâ·ʱܱһл״ɵþһҲоǰııЩı仯ϼⶼˣ˵˯ħޣôھ׼ħޡ
˶ĿͶʮ㡣
ֻлеƣĵھŲ㶼սʼսڣǵʮȻصĵطи߼սҲǲܵģ׼սʼĸֿ϶޷ӦģѵֶΣ
лǲ£һ֮ģ߷ǡ
ˢ
ûãɫĹȻʧعȥˡ
ʱıı֮ͬȥٶȿ˸еģͬлҲûκεͣȥ
ͬʱһĳХԶٷел۽ƺһսлûľȻŮ׼ս۷弶֡
ȻҲǰıɵġ
лȴܲô࣬ڶԣʮҪġ
ಣ
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ಣ
лҪ򵽵ʱֳһӰȻлų˽ȥȻܹлΪлûʹ÷ֹ˷ֵģֻ˵ٶҲлһ֡
л֮Ҳʮ㡣
˫Ÿոأ͸еǴٶӰȻһ˳˽ֻǴ˵ıһѩ׵ȻŮĸ֡
˽룬ɫ֮Ҳ֮˸ٶȽ£Χ˿


1121  ʮ㡾
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տĵʮλãһŲ֪ʲôϴɵĴ󴲣׶೤׶һˡ
˵ĳϣֻû˿ϢƤǺܹ⻬˫ַڸţҲһŵɫεСӣöСɢһ˿˿Ϣ
лվⴲĶλá
ııվڱ࣬Ůվ࣬һصĸվϲ࣬˱ռⴲĸλ˴˶š
Ҿ˵׼ս۷弶ĸֶػЩǿǣҲһɴһ׼սλػģֶκҾȻһֱûз㡣ǰııڿŮĸ˵Žܷ嶼ֲ˵ˣǵһ
Ůһ̻ǲ֪ȻҶֿ֡лصĸ֣ʲôˡ
лЦ
ǹˣ˴˶ǵˣûаɱˣ˵ݣһߣǾҪΣˡ
ҽǿˣ֮ӿڵ
лüһǿˣҼǵںʥ̣µƺһǿ˵ĸ֣ɡ
ǿˣлĶʱпģܹ֮סȫΪǿµεĸ뿪ʥ̣Ǳ޵۹ʱ򣬾ǿһֱڰа´ʥ̵顣
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һѸٵǿ˵ͷðһ׶೤ĸ߶ȣҲܿﵽ׵ĸ߶ȣȫһϸܵƬҲֱֻצӡ
ǿˣ
̣ڡŮĿӹŽܷǿˣĿͣлϣ˭
лЦΪʲôҪ㡣
˵Ůĵ
ƫ˵ǿңлָ߸ϵ̬ķУ·ձһȻ˷ΪԴ˵̬ȣת൱ġ

Ůִŭѩ΢΢̱ڿԾ𣬴ԽŵĴ󴲣лȥ
㻹ǿлһӵӣ΢΢һתùŮֵĹ̽ץŮֵǰأǸط͹൱ĸߣǳעġ
һٶŮִŭѩ𶯣Ȼչë·˷ĸֵɨлĲ
л˫ŲϰȥǷëıӼȥˣҲʧȥδŮ֡
ˢ
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ҲһȭȻûʲôҲ൱Ŀµģ֡
䣡
ȭͷײͬʱһлડ߰˲סΣŮƮס
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ԭ㣡̵Žܷ嶢лһûϳǸʥٰ
лòһĸıģû뵽ֻһ־ͱϳˣĸ߱
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ʥ٣Ǹ⣬츳ǱﵽھŲСӣŮ´л
лʼ磬ûҡ
ŮĵȻ㣬ܵʲôѵ֪Ľ𡣡
ŮˣҾ㣬ҪΪ߸ϵ̬˵ʥʥ׵Ҳû˸ô˵лͬЦ˵أ߾ߣ
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лƲƲ죬㣬ҪΪ㡣
Ů˪ɭɭĶлվûж̸֣Žܷͷڵǿ˶ǵжԵģлƴɱһô˾лľҵʱ򣬳Ϯɱˡ
ȻŭŮֻ൱侲
վ͵ģֳǣƽϡŮһѹжлŭ˺
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սֱվһ˵ĴǰŴֳս
δսлԺͻȻ˻·ӷСӣס֮ҵˣһߺս壬֮֮ĺѪܹһָ֮ͻƵģҲܶŷǳİмǣҪ˷һ֮ˣ
ô£ôԺ˵лԾ˵
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֮Ĵ߶䣬лᳬǼҵʱ߶ϾڵʵѾս۷弶
ȻûбҪĻҲ׶֮ĵġ
ԵҪ̵Žܷ壬ϴ˽֣Ȼ֪Էǿܷʤ治һ
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ģƽһս˳Ĵһܣû˵һҪӲӲлƾһξٶѸռȻȫ


1122  лһ
˲ǿл˫ֿ籩ĴȥŽܷһ㴭ϢᣬҪһŽܷɱ
ʧȥȻжʧŽܷûлὫӳ˳ɣÿθոἰлĹ㵽ˣڽڰˣ˫۶Ҫ۶ˣؿڼѪӿҪѪˡ
ɲӦлֻһǱǿ죡ݣ׼
쵽Žܷ޷ʵֻܱУݵŽܷÿһγĸһСˣС˼ǾҪˣ׼ÿһȭʵʰգŽܷҪǰһ̣ʹֻܿ޷ӡ
ء
̼䣬˽ְȭ
ǿȭײĺŵĵ桢ǽڶ𵴵ĳһѺۡ
أ
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Žܷǿἰһ˿ѪҲѸٵĵˣֱ΢΢ĲһֹͷҪѵĸоؿڸǱķͣҲƵܣȴûʱȥƽϢʹֻܼٵἰδﵽ߳ɣͿлȭͷٴδֻٶȳ
ˢ
һȭȥŽܷͿԼȭͷлȴȻȭ
⣡
Žܷͷ֪лȭĶԺ֮Ĺ˼άı˲ԣǿֹסֵһȭ
ʱлѾٶȳ
֮ǰΪܹܵķӿ죬Žܷ崦ڱУлûʱ䷢ԼĶ
Žܷжʧ󣬴һʱٴγѾԼĶӳˡ
ȭ
һȭ졣
лҲͬеħޣЯŰƣ߷춯صԷһѹسȭ
ıѾõɱ
ֲεĴսʵҪһЩıԣսþǻۣǻ۵ܹʤǿ

Žܷˣ޵Ҫȴû취лٶȿ죬ûжĻᣬֻٶȳȭֵ
䣡
һȭɲǰĹܱȵġ
ػ֮£ͿŽܷ屻ѪɳȥָǴһѵĴ죬ϡ
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лһȭ֣֮ʹ˱ɱ
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һץ£Ǻɫձڣʹһץ֮
ͷŽܷһ˦Ǳұۡ
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䣡
лһץ
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ǿӿŰһҪݻһУлʹͺųƷ˫֮лļ磬ˣҲ죬ѣҲܵǳµĳҪض𣬵ɳȥ

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ž
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Žܷٶʧ㣬ΪƾȫһܹлɵģлûɣûˣȫϣлĳָѸ٣ľһлɫ䣬һͷԺѿڶϰ
ұ˳ƳȭлϰʱʹʥʩչȽ϶ģҲ˵ǳֶΣȭǸһȭݱġ
Եлʩչֶεʱ򣬼̱϶ϰˡ
ŽܷƵȥͬʱαˣڴɱ
䣡
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˵ŽܷһЩ룬ʹлָԼʮ׵ľ롣
ݣ
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лȻϾŽܷǿҲܻˣЩиˣû뵽˶ҪˣȻܷ
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仰ȴγӦ
ͬƴɱŮֺǿ˶ͣǱ˴˱Űȫľ룬ȻĿл
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леСƣȻôعģתˣʼ磬ЦǺǵĵλҲǡ
ˢ
˶һۣͬʱתֱлǱ˴˶š
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ŮĿĶллװϷڸýˡ
ǿЦǸýˡ
˱˴˶һۣͬʱǰһǾȻҪֳ


1123  л
ı仯лԤ֮⡣
û뵽Լݻع⣬û뵽ǣⷽŻɱıֳŮȻΪ
񲻶԰ɣ˱˴˶ǵˡлӣЦ
ŮߵǱˣ˻սл񱩾һָʥصл
ǿ˵һִʥǣ֮䣬ϰŪ¸֣̫¡
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²û壬Ҫܹɱ㣡Ůֱѩȫչ׶೤ÿһë˸ŵİɫΣҲһѷ𽣡
ν𽣣ǾëģëŮȱǳ߶ȣɱɵģޱȣ˵Ǻ
أ
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֣лҲֻóԼļȭס
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мٰϰš
лЦõʱȻó

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Աߵǿͬȥֻצ̽

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ݵĶɫ
ǿȻлյİȭ籩ۼϰݵ˷޵мģлδܹ⶷

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ŮҲƴʱ׼
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죡
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飬л۾ȥȻҪռл壬Ƕᡣ

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Ҳԭһ
л貹â㽫˫צ𿪣Ҳˤûһ˿Ϣ
ȻתŮ֡


1124  ս壬ͻơһ
ŮֱһδйĿ־ͷ֮ǰưˣŶϽ˫ҷһҵĶǰ˿ڱʱһĵʹ
ǰ˿ڱնʱ򣬳µ˿ڣܿһƬѩ׵ͻѪӳޡ
Լ˶ϰɡлĵ
Ůֱ˵һ鶯δгһգȻ˱˶ϣ뵽ԼյĲףĵĺҾҲҪ汳
𣿡лǰһ
ƷŮȴĵһ
ֻһ뷨ǾǵȵɫĹػˣÿĹɫ֮ػҪһѭʧ֡
Ķˣҿ⣬ڵɵսӲˡлĵ
ŮֽնϽϵչţܵһзҪʱ䣬Կұ֤汳
ԾԣлٿȻǰȥ
ͻȻŮ¶֮ɫѸٵĺˡ
лĶ۾ϹһĨ΢ЦŮ˵ǾǶħ΢ЦŮֽУлͻȻ֮һ̤£Ҳʧˡ

ŮȻЩ־˫սϽȫĶӿǿٵţѸٵ߿շȥƽð취
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˫Ÿոأлǰ״֣еϵȥһĨ磬һƬѪ⡣
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վڰУܣ̽һץһЩʬ棬Ȼγ׻𣬽һжճ˻ҽһۼ
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Ҿ֪֮ġ·ӷĻ֮帡ֳ˷ܵ˵Сӣô֪ʵ֮󣬶ܺµӣȻֶԸ㡣
ǰ֪ʥ𣿡л
·ӷȻ֪Хģ϶һҪһģԻ͵ʱʥʥҲǿѾܹߴ忹ˣۼչѾǿ󵽷ǳµĵز˰ɡ
ţǿˣҸˡл˵
ˣ·ӷһ£ǸʲôʥǺ𣿡
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·ӷ̰ĿǾս壬ϻӦսϸ֣壬ǵھѾﵽ˷ǳ͵ĵزͨطдʹͳ̶ȼӱﵽһǳµĵزʥܹ֮սǿδܴ֮ǰ޷սӦ֪ʥǸʲô׶ΰɡ
лô˵սǱȰ廹Ҫǿ
û˱ȽϹӦ˵ɡ·ӷȻ֮ġ֮Ѫٶȴ֮սܹһȼʱ򣬱ɰͻƵġ
ǰǰĸأлʵ
Ѿڵľ绮ָ˻·ӷ磬ֻǻ·ӷʼûиԼʲô硣

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1126  ս壬ͻơ
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л۵Ů㻹ΪҵŮ㣬ϣҵŮˣ֮ԼٰŮΪӢ̫Ů׷ˣԲżٰŮģʵڿűٵģ԰ɣһΣʱ͸е̸ԣǻĸоζ
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һֱǱ־ģ˷лռˣɵ΢죬͵͵ĵлһۣĵһѣл˵ˣҲ÷һ֮ǰ˳ӣʶȻһ䣬·Ůһ㡣
ôһα仯ƾɢˡ
˿ȳ߹߿ģѹȣֱһͷӸߴȥ
ϣĻɫԺҪǰˣҶöġ˵һĶ˿ȵϡ
˿ֻͨ죬ģεҪǿŭתл˵٣֪Ÿʲôȥˣ
лʼ磬ȥˡ
˽ƻأɡ˿ȳ
лͷĴʲôƨأϣҪǲǱģаϿ˵ĵǱ̺ɱʲôأˣҪҿ֡
˿ȱлһͨ˵һ仰û˵Ҫ
˵Ķԣ֣ϲˣҪлĻһҪȥء쳽ǫЦ
лЦԣ⣬Ҳȥմء


1128  ֡
˹ı̬˿ȥģŮ˿ȸеζѿǱлһ̣ףЩ˱ϾδȨˣЩΪԼܹǣȻǴġ
˿ϵԣλΣҲˣҲ׼սʼĴսϣλҪ׿Ƿʲôǿɲǵĺ
˵Ķԡ꽨ʱĿڵҲ֪λǿţɱϾ̫ΣˣֻܵˣǴҲЩ鷳ģҿҾͲҪȥˣ￴־ˡ
лЦЦĿ꽨
ûŤ꽨Ҳֻʵʵ˵
˵Ķ԰ðɣȥЩƣģǺСƣŵģһսȻл
²̫ðɡ꽨ü
л˵꣬ЦԵȣȥȥ
ȥˣͷ˿ȼæ˵ǻδ˵꣬лѾʧҹĻС
ȥˣ
˵Ժжðô֡
ɵϲлȥʲôơأҪ֣תһ룬ʥڵĴսͶ׼սλģôȥĿȥĵطѰȥˡ
Щͷںܶ˵Ժӹ
ΪʵԶ϶лܽʥģ쳽ǫһڵţеˣȻȥϢˡ
ǧյЦһֵĴս򰡣Ҫȥһ¡
Ǻ½½뿪
˿ȵˣﲻ֪Щʲô˼ϵְи٣ҵһЩĽأӶһЩƷ
ƾлɵİ˿ˣȻ·ʥڡ
οһɫĶԼУ˸޷ӣʥڵмĵط
ʥһׯ԰Ķ࣬С᲻
лƾĶͨҵһûκϢĵطȻſʼ۲ʥڵΡ
һЩ׼սʼλĴսһ׼սʼλĸɱǶǳĿƣǷӳ˴˲ûɢѹһΧڣ˾ʥûǵನ֮±ݻ١
˵ŮôҪʥĻô̵ĸ˾ٶлеɻˡ
Ͼƻġ
ѹֿɢЩҪķԼһ˿ɲǵӦģȴǾֵûˡ
ʥʲôȻֵСĽ
л۲ߣʣСǱʥڵ
ڵܴռٶƽҲԵԿտһЩֻһЩ껨ʯ̾ͶɵģϵĵطڷһŽӲӵӣͼǰһ񰸣һԼһףһףһ׵ķ屦С
ͨɫ͵Ĺâ滹һЩҫţ༸ףлܸеһ˿΢ȴܿ飬һּƵĸо
籾ԴΪɵġ
ôƵϢ֪ͨȻҲ籾ԴйصģȻǱӦµġ

л˿ȵĽ̸ἰУܵǿϢ϶ⱦƺ
ʲôأ
뵽ĻԻͣ˵ǧУǿУҲĴڣųʮ֮һġ
ܹǰ㱦ʢŵĶȻͨƷ
лĿӹУٿڵ
˾Եٶˣֻˣ۵һǰıҲлעһ
ʵǰıĸоͬ˹һ㣬ı㷽̫һˣֱֵĻıٷ֮ٵĻʤûıԲл˹һġ
ڰıǰ֣㶼׼ս۷弶ǿߡ
ǵĶŮ׼սʼ۷֣ĸϢأлĸо˵ʵΨһķ硢ԸɣͨǾһֻ̤սʼˡ
ıԶڰ֮⣬ı֮£֡ǿƽû˿ĲֻϧβıһУŸʵ㹻Լı㡣
ıԣЦǰҰı꣬ҰıʮУˣֻһ۵Сʧûʧ˴εΪȡǼҿıѾðΪҿܻԼʧ𣿡
Ѿʧˣ壡ǿߵ
ȻˣΪ壬ܵصأҲŻѡġıЦе˵
ǿߺŮǿͬʱɫһ䡣
ǴӰıĻһ˼
ǹʱ䣡ǿ߳

ıЦǻɵ壬ҾȻʼղǱУѵѵûʼû׼ս۷弶ĸǰѵûսʼսѵǲ̵֪˶Ѿ˵ħѪͨħĳһ壬ӶԼʵΪʲôΪʱ䣬ΪҪӶµرһҪЩǿ߲
һϯŮǿ𾪣л𾪡
ıѣһ֣Ǵֱʰ
ȻһµرŽܷҲֻжһӰˣԼ֣Žܷʵǿ˺ŮֻŽܷĶ֡
Ůǿߴŭ
ǿֹҪ嶯ȻѾȦף嶯Ҳûãصػļޣĵ̵ĸ֣ǾȥҲ޼£οǰλҲԲ뿪ġ
Ǹô죿Ůǿ߳
ȣǿһ飬˵һ֡
Ůǿסˣȣ˼Ҫʱ䣬Ҳȣϣģ
ǿߵһȡ֣ȴðıһü
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ȻȻ㶼ҪˣǾŰɣ˭أҪ֮ꡣǿҲ΢Ц
ıЦֲػµʥ㲻ʵ߾ͷҲǾĺء
ǿߵȻһЦ㲻ǸȻܹһҹ֮䣬ıصر򵥰ڵһʱ䣬ǾҪȫûˡ
ҲǣЩǿǣȻһλǶرעģٴȥὫ侪ѹǶǵȷıĵǶֵʱˡ˵¶΢ЦȻһХ
Хһۻ뱩ŰϢȻʥӿ
Ǳ
̵ĸֶѾںеħѪȻܹһЩΪħĳһʵҲһɶʵƽֵģȻҪʼռϷˡ
ǰıߵ׼սʼ۷ĸҲʼ˱
ǵѸٵͣﵽ׵ĸ߶ȣ巢ޱ䣬һһβ͡
֣ǿ֪ǽôԼʵ޷ռƣһǣסıɵȥñˡ
ʶٿȻ
ǵٶȶﵽ˾˵ĵز˴˾ҲԶֻգۼ䣬˱㵽̸ֵĽǰ
أأ
˰ȭͬʱԺһǡ
ǵȴûɢԾǱ˴˿ѹš
ˣлȻĿһ˿ʮ΢ڱ棬Ȼг𶯣ѿļ
вģлͷһȻױеʵãڱ֤ʼձѵãΪ꣬ʱĶɥʧ
Ĵֵֽһ˲䣬ıȻεضֱǱС
л״ɵЦˡ


1129  ħһ
˱˴ǣƣôı֮ˣǻδͻƣֻս۷徳ʱ򣬰ıͲͻƿ׼սʼλͻƵıԵͲһ߱׼սλĸ֣ȻӲѰı
ı֣л㷺һͷ
ᱦУնɱı
ǱڵıвѡһĻлܻûжʱ˼£նɱвİı
ĿۣҪ
ƾƵ磬лţԼٶܹԶıϾڵľ·ӳٶȣԼ֪Ѿﵽ̶ֳˡ
ݣ
ҪʱһХȻ
ǿִһ⡣
⣬ȻΪ츳˵ʵõǿ˵ﵽһ̶֮󣬻ǳĿֲ
ˢ
ıһһƳǰ
Ƕһͬħ޵Σһͳ˻һھͽǼˡ
һιûܸıһ˿в
صĶƣ
лǶƣҶ϶ֻͨƺһɷǳµʹƵġ
עĻǿߡ
Ϊֻǿĳ֣֪ս̵ĸ֣Ķ֣൱Ĳ࣬ǲĻȫ֮£ǿ߸ûжĻ԰ıֵġ
Ȼ̵ĸסΪʲôѳأ
ȫǰ֣ռָڣܹ֤ڵֵ֮ġ
һ֣лסҪֵĳ嶯ֱ⿴Ʋ۵飬ûô򵥣סˣ۶ŰıȡñУǷʲô鷢
#ҪӽеİıѸٵһصеĶҲһ趯
֮ͿԭлΪǲǱıȻһŴ۵Ĺâ汬ӰѸٵʹ
Ӱһ߰˵ӣûʲôɫǱȴһλð
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л֪˵ǵʹ塢ŮȶһһչͻλðɫʣΧз·ɫĹ߷һ㣬еһɫ
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οٶȵ֣лĶǰզ̫࣬ˣ쵽лԼڷӳٶܷȡ
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ߣССͶõıΪıһˣǿЦǿ߳ҵĶγһεĳҪıˡ
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ٶȷͳ˻ſڽǿߵҲȥȻԾû𺳰ıһ¡
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ǹһĻವһ·رڣҲǿδץǡ
˱ͬʱأվǱڵ񰸵Ķ࣬˴˶ţڰıصһ˲䣬Ҳ˾ޱ䡣
ǶͼѸٵʧתıŶƵ棬ٵ͸壬Ѹ͵ıţƵǴӰıͷðƤڣҲǳĴֲڣǸһַǳ͵ĸо·ǹ룬ֻ۾ҲˣЩ͹Ӹͦţ촽ݴ̽˸ɭɭĹâ渡һЩԲģмĵ̣˫Ҳô׳һβ
β׶೤Ƿĵֶ̣ͬһ㣬β͵βǿģµĵ˿̵İı˷ظľޱ䣬ˡ
ħǿ߳
ıٺЦħʵӦ޼ˣһһ֣㻹𣿡
ħŵңǿЦǿ߳ԣʱõģΪһһǿ߸ѣôǰĸֶԣǻԵĴ
ͨħȻ޷ܶ࣬ҲͬıĶƣ֪ħʲôȥӵħĸ֣µһЩл꣬۶ɵģǳֶɵһħ֮꣡
ǿɫ΢䡣
лҲһû뵽ıħھȻһħ֮꣬ħ֮ͨħͬˣľħеһЩˣʵҲȻ仯
Һռһ޴ưıЦеĵԭΪⱦڵػģǻֻ׼սʼλģҾе㻳ɣʵµػô֣֮Ҳ֪ԭⱦڲûʲôػνӦþǱɣ
˵Цݣǿߣ˵һֱеʲôãˣѾˣеãάΪ侳磬ʧģǱбûʲôһܵĲͻᱬѣʧȥãŮõ֮Ȼ֪ܹĻԽȻκһܹɵڣһȫµսʼȴûа취֮ǰǶרģֻǺܿϧҲ֪飬Ż󵨵Ӷȡ顣
л״ӽʥ͸еЩʵĴˡ
ȻˣӦ𼰸ˣԲŻñбƫƫûзһܵͿܱƻӶܵԤϵ𻵡
оܹȡ飬Ҳӵٿһ
ĺܴϧעòǿߵĵ㷽ŵѾ黽ѣѾҪˡ˵ٿȻ֣̽ץǱУ˷ǲˡ
֣Ȼ
΢֮£ǱбһѺۡ
䣡
һըѡ
Ҳ¶˳


1130  ħ
Ȼһ
һףһصһ𣬿ȥ𵭵ĹΣëҲǳ£ϸĻܹ֣ӵĵطѾѿƺһĨ鶯Ϣɢʧš
֮
лһǳĿֲڣǾʷΪǿһλǿʹõ֮
λǿϹʥĳ֣ƾһ֮նɱħħĸ֮࣬ƵʱϹʥ֮⣬նɱħһˣǱħǿĴħԳնɱġ
ħħǾǵͬʵĴڡ
Ҳһս֮ٵġ
ڿ֮˵˸ȴûоʹ˻ٵͨİ취֤ԴɢʧˣֻǿӣҲûа취ָ֮ˡ
˵л֮ǰ֪Уսʼǿģô֮ܿѾսʼҲսʼܹŽǰĳˣ֮ϵôռҲսʼ䱾ܹµսʼԭϡ
˵һƵ֮ͬսʼ
սʼζʲô
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ಣ
ıٶҲ죬βȻȥĵ̸˸ɭĺâ̶ƿ
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꣡
أ
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ǿߵһץβĵ̣֮ץסβͣһЩƬβͬʹ죬ɺѪ⡣
˫һӴ̷ֿ
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ǡ
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ͬʱıһ
һĹ֮ĶѴ֣ѵĵطʹ֮ԴţβٶȺƹβ˵Ĺһӱ㽫֮סˡ
֮Ҳ֪ǷΪı֮ǰĶĹйأûðз
ıβͱ㹴֮

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˶ڹעԼĶ֣ûע⵽֮жڲԼݣлҲı˷ʩչ
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ͬһʱ䣬ǿҲлѾڿԾ˫ֱַлͰıˡ
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лЦһƾû֪лôû֪ٶȵжôĿ죬оǶжϡ
ˢ
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ıȭҳǿߵĹҲ˰벽βĵ׷׵ɭĹâ
͡
δ֮лͿβĵ̾ȻβͣĺХײ
ڱҲʮף룬بڿУǲܵģǳҲǷǳѵġ

лһǶȻײĽӲӵĹγɣ滹׺һЩǳâ
ʶлڵǳ

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һץסβ͹ŵ֮˳һҪ֮ߣǰıȴŭˡ
ŭͬʱıǾ
˲֪βĵ̿ɲͨħ֮˾ӵеģŮֽս̸֣ͬħβûе̣ԭǵδܹдħ˼Ȼ൱Ŀ£Ҫ֪ħĴħ͵ͬʣҲ˵ǵħǿĴڡ
˿µĵ̾ȻлЧ𾪡
ֻڶİ˸лʲô취סˣıҲûǸелץס֮βͱȻۼ˵˳лݺݵɨ˹ȥ
أ
лֻȭβ͵ĩˣİıһͳʹУββ˵ķֲγɵĹӱһɣֽ֮ץٵǰȥ
ļƻУǾʱǣֻҪܹһСξ룬ƾʥô෿Σҵʩչ֪뿪
̫Сıˡ
ܹԷııļ㵱ȻǷǳܣʤ뵽ʧܵһжУԿлõ֮ҲûзŭšģԼǰõģӶơ
Ϳ淺һĨİĹâ
ˢ
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İ״γɣл͸еԼ·
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ôһ˲ĹлĶӿ㽫ѾһЩİĹâ֮ˡ
лʩչҪȥȴ֣Ѿ͸֮ڣҪ֮ռָȻҲųġ
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лѣȴûйѿ࣬һ˲֮£ıǿѾȥ
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ʱ򣬰ıǿѾٱ˴˽սǵҪĿ껹֮
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䣡
һֱڸѹ֮£֤õʥһӱ˷Ʒˡ
ǿ߼״Եļһ£Ϻȵ⣡


1131  ɱΨҶһ
ıƵİıǿ߾ȻԼٶȼһ£ף϶һЩŮ׼ҲʱԼٶȼˣǿ߲ûдʥڳȥ
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⣡
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˵ʵȻǿʱͷġ
ĸ֣һ𣬾ܹٵصġ
ıԼûгȥ
ǿ¶Цлܹӹȥ˿ֲļǰನҶԿҪ˵ĳ
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1132  ɱΨҶ𡾶
תɫȥһĻڸ߿ݣ֮ղ֪ʲôʱܲĺģɫͻȻ֣ⳡԵøʥͬŭһ㣬˸е޾ѹƵ֮࣬Īľη֮ġ
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1133  ɱΨҶ
һɱ֣Ƶؼ䣬۳޾ɱ⣬·εȻڴлĿл˳ȥ
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δͼԼķڣƻͨӰζȻۼ˲ˣ


1134  һһ
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лԣ̧ͷǧյ΢΢һЦʾлǧյôҪлĵ̣кܶ취ɱ㣬ʥʥ׵޷Ϊ㱨ġ
ȷĴƣϰʶ˷Щǰƺһǳõ⣬ĿǰΪֹڵĶĿЧģҲֻ˶ѡ
ҽ飬ûСһ洫
ӵĽŲһȺ˴ӹսǵȴ֡
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лôҲҪʾһ£ҪվģλĿ˻ȥԾӣޣû˵
һ棬


1135  һ𡾶
˵Ľ棬ûа˸ŵȴϰŵɫ䣬˲̫ԼλϵˣƢ𱬣Ů嶼ģв˳ͻðɵɱˡ
ĵǣɱ˻ӲϣݣλȵȣǷŭˣʧȥǵ֣ҲˣȻһʵǿģûκְϵͷζţҪʱ
˷л˳һоҪ㡣
Сӣ˵ʲôлǳĻϱӿһɷ֮ڷڣ˸еıŰ֮
лĵ˵Ҵû˵ʲôޣ֮
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ĵİҪ˫գ֪ĸ׸޾Ȼ¶ЦݣֻЦеֱƤ
׸ߣԲƽëܵĸޣЦݣǼֱܷͬЦˡ
֮ϲʲô֪𣿡޵
ûȤ֪лȻʶ޵뷨ȴȻϣȻѾ죬Ǿ͸һ㾯棬֪
޵ɫ࣬ͬŭĴܡ
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⻰ͬһӵȼ˸޵ŭ
Ȼһɷ֮Ϣһ˿Ѫζʾɱ൱Ķ࣬ϢƻΪһħǷƵڸ޵ΧܳХţƺҪ˺һ㡣
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ԣģԴǣ̫ˣ쵺ӢҲˡ
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Ļ˵˵ȥڶ棬һ¾ôϰͷһ£һɲĸо
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ƳϰŬεĵģлԺЦֺϷҲŮ㣬ȻѾץסˣлĸԣܲһôҲҪúõġ
⣿쳽ǫ
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ҷֶᡭл˵ٹ
٣ϰɫѿ٣ҳϣ˴ǵľٶЩˣע⣬Щûʲô֤ݣĽԼƶ˵㣬ңԴҶá
лóǸռᣬذţ⶷ᣬǲٽȥģϣҾ͸оˣȻƶϣΪʲôǿƶϣңλʲôŶ㸸װɣʲôޣȻвңҪҲΪҾͲܽԼƶ˵أοҵƶҲоݣƾܲġ
ϰл˵оݣƾܲ⣬͸еһ˿һл֪İĸо־òԣϾлõĶھŲģʼû̽ģԾ֪⣬ƺҲ漰Ŀֻƶϣû˿İգʱ̣ûаյ飬ǲκδ󵨵ľٶ
ðɣ֮ǰҵľٶұʾǸ⡣ϰһŬƽ˵
лҡҡͷ
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𾪵ǽһĻ
𿪸ޣлҲ֮վǰһֱӵ޵ǰԼһ׵ľ룬˫ֵҷƮһ˫۾ɭĹâſڶŸޱһ𣬡
һȭͷСġƾճ֣̺޵ɱ⣬ǿĶһӱػڸ޵ؿڡ
ⷽɲаħл֮ǰսģȻҲҪ޵ʩչֻڿһţûγɱ˿޷γһɳ
ʵ̫ƢСллˣǸеŭŭδѹͱлһȣеؿڷƣոἰĶҲɢ˾ͬߵķݣض𣬵˳ȥ


1136  ѵһ
һش׼սʼĸޣѪɳȥ
仯ڳˡ
ϰҪȰޣҪл뱻ģ۾ףǸΪҪ˺лĸԼȴ˵ɳȥˡ
˼һһ
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ͷһ𣬴ϰ͸еವֱð뵽֮ǰлӲ̬ȣе˺£ɸȻһ棬츳ǱһĻʱֱͨʮ㣬Ҵﵽ⣬⣬ֻǺ֪ô£Ȼȥ
һ̵ĸоǣܳ˹ϡ
ɲôˣֱǿ϶лʵ츳Ǳʵδܹﵽĸ߶ȣһʧĽŮ˶ܹӴʮĵزܲûܹԼŮˣ
ֻףлܹ츳ǱԷ仯ģѾҪˣҪ壬ǵҪʥʥ׵ˡ
ʥ֮ϰʹʥı֣жţµνˣӵʥ֮Դƿ壬ð츳̬ǶҪۺ켵ĽҪ֣ʵʥҪıĿ⿴ˡ
һЩͷ̼ӰԺлûȥǸޣʵл̫ˣ˸롣
˼飡ǧյ۷ֱĿл·ڿһȻһشޣʲô磿
쳽ǫ¶˷֮ɫ·𿴵˶֣Ŀ꣬ҵһܹΪԽĿˡ
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һػڵϣ𶯵ĵ涼һҡΣŶҡΣȴǱлһײȥĸ޷ŭĵأŭ
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ϰǸټ£Ҹ׾㲻Ҫ֡
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лˣ̽Ѧ治ֹһˣҲǱǣ֮йȵĽӴȻѦʶԱԴܿǰ¶һ˿ţعˡ
ѦҲǱһ̬ȣŮȻǡ
֮ǰǱܵġ
ڿŴȻ̴˷ҸˣѦҲڰˡ
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ѦϡѦظ
Ѧ΢΢һЦ˶Ҫ£޷ǰˣʲôҪҰæģ˵ɡ
мĵǶлѦˣġԵ˵һȥεĵҸе㱩Ƣ
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ͬΪһԱѦȻվڸ޵ߡ
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Ѧ״һüûгںֹϾǱѩģֻһ˵ģˣֵָֻ̫ţһ˵Ҳ뿴ԼƵʲôʵøһҲá
Ÿ޳л΢΢һЦ԰ϣɲܹˣҶֵģҲֻܽѵѵ֪Ҫеһҧ
ļĸ޼ҪˣߣΣʵƢ̫ˡ
֪СӣڿԾͬһСɽһ㣬ݺݵлҰĳײȥǿ𶯵ⶰ¥ҵĲ˼£ϴɵźһĵһֲĶţԵ졣
֮ǰлԸָ֣ĻĶԴ׼ս۷弶ĸ֣Ĵ޵Ĺ֮ǰܲðնõַʲôǡ
ֻǾվ
ǿ͵ĳײȥǿ𵴵Χֶòˣƣнһжݻٵӡ
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ٿȻǰ˫͵ĺ
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һĶޱȣǿǿҰ͵ĸȴǱֱӷźɳȥʱͼֱγ֮
ٶȵԭأҵĵѷ졣
ԭڴһսˣٶɵˡ


1137  ѵ
˵һΣлһشޣ͵Ϯɣ֮޵ش⣬лֻ֣˵лǳǿȴһܹܸ޵ĻôΣ˵лʵ뺷
ϴξαȻȫ֣зصģ˵ǿ֣ȻԾǱлһƳɡ
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ѩѦҲüͷ壬ЩԼ۾ҲԸȫʱܹҵᣬһƾͽ޸ȵķɳȥǰ֮˵ʵֹ
ףȷӦųȥ
޲ûˣֻǱһԵӡȴԽܵĳ衣
޺ܵ裬ŭ˸ոձһǶ⣬˵ֵǿᣬԶܶԿģŭһһ½ƿսİǰӵá
ŭžҪٶȳ
һΣһѵڶΣ֣Ǹһӡл˵еΣҳ֣ұɱ㣡
˵һ仰ʱлƶȻһ䣬ԭֻǻ˸еʵˣȴһɭĺ⣬ƺҪأֱڸ޵ϣͬ׹ĺıߡ
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ޣ㲻Ķ֡Ѧ֪Լóˣһ̨£Ҳ£վлĶ档
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ѩҲҹУл˫ֵ˿ûΪѦǿ˿ѹӵĳȣͬһɽѹ͸ȥ˿˿ļɵ֮ġ
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֪ǸŮӵ츳ȷܸߣҲܸߣ峤ʵ
Ц߲ʣ
峤֮ǰ˵ĲԳһ⣬ھǲˣ
Բǣı֣ȻֻܹһлҸףѦ϶ԿУ˿·磬ͱ츳£˿µ츳Ǳʥôܲǵ
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Ҳһȣ˵λ֣ʥ׵ڵȭ˵ʵȭصǵ࣬ҲһȭȭӵģȭӶû˵ʲôûյȭУ˵ǹʹõȭԻǵġ
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˵֮Ӧˡ峤˵
ҪԸ飬һʱ˵Ҫ⻹ǿصĹ˵ŵñЩɵ֣ǽˣʩչ¸ˣоص츳̫ˣˣҪôɱҡУҪôƿء
峤ʲô㣬ƾĿ¾ǿˣȵ˳ɳҲܰѰɡ
ȷˣҲһְ취԰ҵĿơ
ʲô취峤ܵĵ
ѪҪʮսʼֵľѪ⻹ҪҶ֮𡣡
ʼδڵѦЦʮսʼֵľѪȫ㣬ҶұѩУں֮޷ǾǺ׻ɽڵĻ֮Ҳҵ
죬ϣڴ룬ôǴⶴڳ֮󣬱ʩչֶΣЩƵļˣ꽨ǵϣǱ˴˼ĶԹ˾ͿԳû֣ȫˣ


1138  ⡾һ
ʱ䣬лһʵ
Ѿﵽ׼սʼλͻƱԵ˵ͻƲһ֮Ȼһ֮ζҪǳŬлڵ򣬱ԪرģȻҪŬˡ
죬ûʲôԵɫ
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лҲȥǻʲôٶһ취ˮڣ鷳ͽڵʵѾžԵκ飬ֳ߱ǡ
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Զķſ
쳽ǫӷ˳ƺ֪лѳ֮󣬾ֱлȥ
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˫ַˣǫһ㣬ԶգһʵĿƺܰĵĺá
ĺֲţӺܣӲκǫϲŮˣҲ֪ˡлЦ
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ǫڼһ۵ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ϰˣֻû뵽ʥ֮Ȼðա
Ҳû뵽ڵǫȻѡ쳽лЦ
Щ鶼ǿġǫ¶һĨ۵Цݣû֮ǰҵҲ֪ľʲǽΪ˿˵ЦݣתлԸ⶷棬ʲôŵ͵Ƿһ顣
лЦǫ飬ҿҪˣ飬ɲŲС
ǫԣȻʧЦ
лǫû飬ǫŽ쵺¬ͷƵնɱġ
϶ŵ˵棬Ѿˣ˵Ķ棬Ӧпл˵
ǫɫȻһ䣬ɭɭĵ
ֱңǵĿĲˣ϶ĿģȻĻһҪ˷ѾĻл
Ҳˡǫ
ǽ̸УѾ½
Ůϰ˿ҲˣȻԴǰȥȡ⡣
ڴУлҲд㡣
ܽΣҪٹֵͻԼҪȥŮ壬ǹ͹ԼܻŮı䰲ŵģĻпʧȥŮصصĿܣϾҪȥļڵأ˵ĽأŮİţҲġ
Ƚôõ˵ġ
лĲԡ
һ·ߣС˵ЦһЩ飬·Ѿǰˡ
̬ȣҲй۲İ˿Щ׽͸ǿлı֣еĪ⡣
ǧյա쵺ӢףƵŸ³ˣлĿȫˣ𾴣һ˿˿Ľͼʣ֪ԼлѾ൱һξˣһͷպǰλͬе˽Ҫվۣ֮Ϊһеףֻ
ûãǱĿĵء
ⶴ
һ˹ۼɽ濴ûʲôֻ֮׼սʼĸػȴףⶴӳ̶ȣϾ츳ڵء
λⶴǵ뷨ҲЩõģ飬λһЩϲ뷨ǳȥЩ߰顣ϰվⶴǰָ˵ⶴ󣬿⣬λܷõǾҪƾˡ
쳽ǫȻ֪飬ͶŮ˷ǳķУԣ̲סڵϣĺƣǼȻҪ֮ǰĺߣѡ塢ŮóǣѵǾãⶴǵĳ𣿿ΪʲôҸоȴǲһЩʲôң
ˡϰ
Ը˰ɣֻ޹»صƽ޹ʵĿţĺ˻ɵġ쳽ǫ˵
ϰЦλԣصأ˵ֻҪĵطĽأ׿ţҲǸλŮ壬Զǵʵⶴǿصˣ˵ȴ⿪ţɴλҲһ£Ǻĺôɣǵ֧ߣԲǿЩطġ
ˣɷѿˡ쳽ǫ
ǵĽ̸лûȤȥעҲ֪ǫ϶˵ģĻǾΣˣϾ˺˼Ҳûʲô˼ˡ
лȽⶴڡ
ⶴһǳӴɽͨǰʮףŵһ൱Ŀأռ൱
վڴ˴濴ȥͻ֣ᷢټĿռһЩţ˴˶ŵĽ⣬ƺתһ㣬ǵһļⲻϵشζûһ˿
ԡл
ͷվһԣϸ۲ΧΡ
Žճ廤лȻ·ʲô⣬ĶͨҲȫⶴھȻûһˡ
̤ġ
صķεţѸٵĻ۹ȥϵس˫ȡ
ǲûйԣͬ峺Ȫˮϴˢ
ļⶼԣڣΨеõϿɣӵԼѪΪԼһ֣Ӵ֮󣬲ŻйԡϰѾ˽
лʼ磬˵
ס裬˱㾶ֱȥ
ļȻ࣬ȴܼԽߣԽ࣬ԽԽܼʼֹʮ׵ĸ߶ȣǽҲΪԵʣܿʹﵽлλãұɢŽɫĹâ̫ܼԵʣ濴ȥ⣬ֻǿǱһŽš
˿ȱ˴˶һۣ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻЦԾһ˿𺳡
ǵı쳽ǫУһü
λԶԣЩ֮츳ԽǿˣܹõļͻԽǿĳɳҲԽǿ˵츳ǿĲ࣬Դ󲿷ֶֻΧõһϿɣǰͻ⵽ε谭ҲʹãԽ棬ǼҲԽǿҲԽļڿˣʲôãǶ֪ϣܹ߽ȥҵõĻϣܹǣЩϵļⶼúϰ˵
ĽͣзˣҲĶˡ
ļ⣿ʲôĴڰȻջǳ˵ġ
л˵츳Ǳ;Եģһ·ߣûʲô谭
һ·ߣ㵽һսǡ
һε谭ǽ⻯һļ⣬˴˽֯γһ״赲⡣
лȴһƬѣֱӾʹˣⷽҪ
սǴͣʼȡõһϿɡ
չһ䣬л͸еһɹӲãϢ
ǰһĿռ䣬ƺרŹһĵط˸Ƭȴһ˿ļ⣬СĿռڣһǳµĺۼ
л߹ȥʱܵɫĹâǼ⡣
ѵļǱĽ⣬۳һļ⣿лĵ
վУǽ⡣
˿˿Ľ壬зɳȻûϰ˵Ͽɡ
Щ⾹ȻûһϿġ
леƣΪԼõģɴǵϵĺۼϡ
Ƭ̣͸еһ˿ƨɵ´ǰӵǰͨԶγһļ⣬˴˽γ֩һӣȻˡ
л벻ǣЩ⿪ʼ·裬һļ⣬ǰһĹţȻСڵԪ˽̬ʽı̼䣬ԪŨ̶ȳʹʥȺɽʥأһڼٵš
ذл˷ܵص


1139  ⡾
˵ʹʥϵʥأأԶЧӵԡ
Ҳŷǳİ
лһָоͻƣܹһ߾룬ֱ׼սʼλľ硣
ŨԪȫ
ͻͻ
˷ܵδʼ͸еռָڴһ
ִ򿪿ռָ
Ǽȭɢһĵ⣬̼ͬܵһĲϵزţȭѾлշΪıлܹоȭ״һ˷ܣĹо
лǡ
Ҳ֪ȭϹʱҲսʼֻرأҹǹʱҪأ޻궼·𳹵׵ıһ㣬ʼûٳֹ
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֣ǼȭھȻһ˿΢ɵ¶ϲɫϲĵǼȭ׵޻꣬ѹˣȻôȷ˼˸ΪʲôأѵǼ⣿
ļ⣬лҲǳʡ
ʲôã
лͷºܾԶļãͿлȥʲôеķǼȭ棬һļתȥ΢ϢŨ
ȭڵ޻ƺڷٵĻָš
ӦǣոԪȻҲΪȭڵ޻ռȻڲϵ
Ƭ֮䣬Ԫͼࡣ
лüͷһ壬ҪֹͣǿǼȭףǷˣҪͻҲһʱǼȭ׵޻Ҫָɾûôˣܹôһλᣬ˭֪Ժ󻹻Ļأ
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Ǽȭױսʼ޻ָôԺɽͶ¯ڣ»ָսʼļʱİȻ
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һħ޵Ӱڼȭ׵ıֳֵ
ȭ׷һӰ
ŰСʱ֮Ǽȭ׵ıһħ޵Ӱлǰ
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ȭ׵޻ģлɵһϲȻǴԵħеĿֲڿޡ
Ҫ˵ħޣߵȻ칬ػħͨʨǳ̬ģ˵ɳܹﵽŽսʵ۷壬ʮսʣֻͨʨϡеħޣҲ˵Ҫÿ꣬ǧŻᵮһ
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ǿ޻꣬ǻָȭҲﵽȫʢʱڣȭ׵ôĿֲ
𣡡
޵ѸٷŴ󣬵ǰڿռСҲǷŴʮ׸ߣʮ׳ӣ͵ģȥеϻǺܿɰġ
ܹ㸴ԭлʵ
޵ͳ˻һԣܣļ⣬κŷǳãֻҪʮʱ䣬Ҿܹȫָ
ãҾʮ죡л
лˡ޴ϲ
лЦͰĻָɣڴָȫʢʱڣʱһ취ҵ¯ģüȭҲָ
˷ܲѣˣ֪¯
֪лȻվ
¯սʼҪҲһѾռڽҺʯͲľˮ¯ˣҵ¯ôûľˮٿüȭ׺ҹǹлָսʼĵزġ
֪ǰȭ׵ʱǺеģҼǵú¯ɽۣ˵
ɽۣɽʲôطлϸһ£δ˵ôһڡ
һ£ɽ֪
лƺܲƽסĵطޣھ˳˯ѾˣɽĴڣҲѾˣѾٵˡ
ꣿеɵۣһŷӦɽܱģʮս֣пܽɽݻٵġ
ɽʲôл
ڳΪֵģƺлļУֻϹʥʺͺĦ˱ϵ񼶵ģѾǿ󵽳ĵزϵʮսʣһĴˣԺܶ˶ƺΪġ
ɽȻϹʥʵ֮һˣ뺣ĦڵĺʵصءȻ˵ԣһоͺǶҪԷһȻ
Ϲʥط֮һɽһطʲô֣л뵽һ顣
޵ħȡ
лۣɽħȣطǲǵһռС磿
ǣ˵ǰŶӦǰˣϹʥʷħͨ˼ͨطҪ˲ϵŬܹ׵ķɱϹʥʾɽħ˿ռС磬ǰǸ·ӷ֮ǰһǳ˥ڣֶûмʵﵽһ̶ȣɽ˵޽͵ֻطпռСػ޷ģ˵ֻڿռʱ巽涼ŷǳɾ͵ˣпҵڡ
ռ壿ʱ壿
лһЦƺԼʺϣֻյְǼԶûдﵽǳεزأҪŬΨмܹҵνɽħˡ
޵ĽͣлҲ֪ˣ͵ħͨɱ֮󣬺νħ磬ɽħڵĿռСˡ
ɽ֪ȷеĵطлʵ
ҡͷ֪ǴķλȫָĻܹǶȱʧļ䲹Ӧȷ巽λġ
лԲɴϲľϲ
˵Хɽϵ¯ȭ׽Ϊսʼģл˵
԰ֽȥģʱǡɽ֪ô£һЩ飬ռѣֳֽ룬ҵ¯õıͶأҲǺ˽ʥصĻ˵
ԭˣʥôġлĵ˵ļ˵ףÿ˿һжкܶεܹıһģȴǳ٣ԣʥصĴʼ˾ܹıһǾɽȻ¯ɽǵΪʲôûдߣѵ޷䣿
޵Ȼǣִ¯Ȼ¯һط˹ͬһԿףԿ׹ͬУǶû뵽ȫֶ޷¯ֺ֪¯ӡһϹʥʵ꣬õĴκ˶޷ȡߵģֻҪҵɽһҵ¯
лͷ˾ͽ͵ͨˣ¯ӡŵĶп˼ͨһͨ¯ɱ޷ͨˡ
Ѱ¯Ҫռʱ壬лĬĬԺҪƫһˡ
ˣ˵ʲôָܹһ飿лȻտʼ˵Ǿ仰
޵ǣ
лɵЦˣóǰƬ֮


1140  ⡾
֮ںܾǰѾ˼ˣֻʹĳصʼά֮鲢ûг׵Ļ𣬿Դлõ֮ͲϵˣȻܻǾʱģҲһֱûҵİ취Ȼ޸飬ľϲ
ŶˣлһĶͷΪҪ޸֮ģֻǼ⻹ûдﵽ޸ĵز֮һֱûб޸Ѿˡ
;֣ⶴƺòرĴ󣬱Ͼǿ嶼츳ģٵõڶ츳ģǱ츳ǿôȥ˷ʱڶ츳أΨһĽ;Ϊ޸ġ
ʼɣлԿ˵
Ǽȭ׵޻޴Ӧһ㰲ĵ
ۻļ֧֣޵ĻָٶȻ൱ģԭ궼ûлָż⣬Ļָ졣
Сȭڣȫָ
лǰƬֽ֮еͷųֻĹѾһ֡
뿪֮Ӵ⣬ͬһ㣬ԭ񱻴˵޻꣬ҲѸٵۣƬ̣Ȼϯһļ⣬۳ˡ
սʼ޻꣬ʶΪ޻ꡣ
Եսʼ飬Ȼĳһħ޵޻꣬ǰ֮۳֪֮鲢һ޻꣬Ķ
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û֮۳֮󣬾Ȼһλðģ˸ɫʵֻаƴСС
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леʱȴСż޸Ȼһϸ΢ļԺԲƵĵ⡣
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Եģ
лСͳʣ˷ȻԵģͷ׵磬е˼顣
ֻ֮ҪָȻûô򵥣Ҫʱ¸ȼȫ׵޻ĻָҪĶࡣ
лҲżطĹƣ¸ûܹŮ˻ûﵽͰĵԪôǿȴҲҪǿĶࡣ
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лٶһĻˣ쳽ǫǧյա쵺ӢˣǲȥΪǵλöǰ棬лϾǶŮ廹лɵģлǿĸڣʲôĻҲܹϣοԪ棬ֱ˷ѡ
˾Ȼתۼʮȥˡ
ⶴڲ࣬лһԪϵؽ壬ǰĶҲڲϵؼţʹ뵡
һ˿˿ĵлεţס

һл
ǵҲ֮ʧ»عĵǿٱĶҲƽϢһЩ
ʧˡлֹЩһֱоһֻѾ׼սʼλľ磬ųһ£ʧˣԾûͻƣֻͻƣҲһֽľˡ
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ת۲ȭ׺֮
лһ¼ȭס
޻澫ӵܳԵƲһ֮ƣл⡣
ˣȫָˡ˷ܵĵ
ָͺãʵܵʲô̶ȣлžͽִʵ˵һ顣
޵ҲǺ޻ȫָ۷壬ǰ˽սʵĶ壬ȭûлָҲܹӳһڼȭ̫أҿʮ֮һ޷ӳսЧ
лֻܾҵ¯ˡ
ÿ»عȭףȻ󽫼ȭ
ڣȭ׻ǲ¶ģᱩ¶ݵģתĿǰƬ֮档
֮Ҳȫָˣлֱ
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߶֮£˸ŵ˳
һĨ⣬һ
ѩɫģŵͬˮһĲ׵磬ȻҲѩɫġ
лײ࣬ױͺϡ٣ɶɫģɫ׵磬ǵһμɫƺЯġ
֡л֣棬ôоĳ˵еءĶͷ벻ĸ˵Źġ
ȭڸֳ޻Ӱӡ
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ǲ֪֪Ļ˵ɡл
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䣡
лԺз·˱ըһ㣬һʱã֮Уããϲ¶һĨϲɫϲ
ԣԣ˵ôĳ˵ĳеءл˷ܵеˣԭǴ˵е񻰾ȻʵĴڰ
Ǳġֹ
лһ漴ЦˣǸ񻰴˵ǿһʷǿĿйأ˵Ŀͻ˼ޣɾͿʷ϶һ޶ʮսʼ԰ɡ
޵ǣЩͳΪǿ޵ĴмˣȻм٣һ֪Ϊ˱ħĴħߣΪˣΪʱ˻ȵء
˻ʣʷϹϵĵһˡ
ͳһ½򣬷ɱ͵ħϹʥҲԳƵڶˣ˵ԼȺĦǿʮǰ޵ֵ˻ǰȴԸݷԳƹڶˡ
Ĵ˵Ҳʮǰ
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ϣ
лԺзһ棬ճǵʱ򣬹۲ӥڵӥĻ棬ʱƵ磬վоûнƵ緢ӵޣƺΪԵʡ
ܹƵϣӥ
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޵ĴмУһշİ취㴫лһж߱л㿪ʼں
ںʵѣؼ㣬һҪмͻƵףڶǿľΪ
㻻ˣֻ̾ˣױ٣Ҫ˵ﵽͻ׵ĵزһ£ǳ̬ɳģǸ߾ͻƶлأӵףԨ൱׵ףǳ̬ģ˵Ҫ
׳ڡ
ѸٵС·һŰɫ׵ƵأͬʱлҺ̬ľ֮д
νĴǾڴԼĻԼϵˡ
ǿҺ̬ΪǸոջָûãлҺ̬͸˽ȥлͺȵգ
ٿȻ͸С
ʼȫոж


1141  Ϣһ
˰취ҪлԣǲѣֻǻһЩʱˡ
еɹ֮󣬱һȫӯӯĸо˵еĻôھͷ·˼ȥһ룬·ƮƮĸоƺʱܷһ
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Ǹеһ˿˷ܵأʹֳ֪޷ӳڵľܹӳʮ֮һѣյķٶȷ棬Ѿܹˡ
սΨ첻ƣ
һ㡣
ûͻƣսǿİȴģΨսֳܹģһսлһ㣬˵֮ǰ׼սʼ۷徳ĸ֣Ѧֻ֮ӲƴĻô˾ԵٶȣǲʩչУٶҲѦ֮ǿߣӶսʱ򣬲һζƾٶȾܹɻʤġ
ƣҪĿ

лͺһ͸еѾ壬·Σڵĺ󱳾ۼѸٵȫ
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ȫ·һë磬ûһ˿һ㣬֪һʩչлİǾ޴ġ
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лȭ׺֮
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Ҳ֪ǷΪҪָȭ׺֮飬ļԵ࣬ƺĵģԪҲѾôŨ
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ϣĻĺܶԣĶ޷õϿɣǲǸýбǵĶأлЦЦĵ
ǿƣǼˣҲû취ϰӦⶴڱչЩӣ淢飬λҲ֪ǡλҪȥŮˣ׼ᣬλɡ
лЦϵ룬ܾܾ
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;Ул趼˵ЦУפصһЩɫָָ㣬һңڵ飬ҲȾˣձúǻ֣Ӧľǰ˿˱˴˶һۣһƺҪǿƵĸо
ôое㲻Ծء˿ֻͰ˵
ᣬһֱⶴڣʲôѳֵģ˵ı仯ôǵڻ֪Ӳ֪ʲôˣһаƻ¾ǣһܳɹġ
˿ȵͷԸˡ
˵Ц䵽һ羰ʤء
ɽˮо¥ŮŮζȣŮڵľɫΪ֮
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ԣһ졣
ڳƺ׼ս۷弶ıѩѦΪͷӵģҲֻлһˡ
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Щле˼ˡ
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лǫһۣЦ
޼ɵĴЦǵԭгձЩֻѦɫһ⣬ûıʾ
λϿϰϽڵ
л쳽ǫ˴̤ǰ
Ƿֱ׵λ쳽ŮҲ׷ǰ
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ѩ塢塢ŮλҲ׷λ棬ϰȾٱλЩӣдܣʲô죬ҰⱭƾλλҪ黳
黳ôܽ黳أƽ޹͸ǶᣬǲһԼжǱڣҪ͸Ǽ⣬ȣȻ˵ǵûõģɱϾǸǻ˰ӦϱʾлǡлЦĵ
˵ĶԣӦǸл㡣쳽ǫЦеĵô˵деСʧҲ˭ôǿأҪ飬ҪѹȥǺѵãҲǼʶ˹ʵĺǿ
˴Ź˵춼Ǹл⣬ڴϰĶУȴܸоʲôû
ҲڴˣЦơ
һö¶ǣŮŮơ
ϰЦλһֱⶴַܻ֪˰ɡ
Ŵϸǽءл˵
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʹԭֳһζݵĺƽڣɴҶ֪ǰӿȥˣƽҲñˣҲˣһЩҲȻġ
ϰˣ΢΢һЦλض֪硢װɡ
ȻǱ磬׻Ҫ߼Ȼɵķ֮֮쳽ǫ˵һֱ֮ѪӡԵʣһֱδֹ׶ûУôѵҲĳˣ
ǲᣬʮǰȷ׳ˡϰЦĵشҶ֪ܴ󣬽ʥأ̡Ľ塢Լ֣ʥǺʮһҲʮһǱµɣȫɳԼľǰȥϰ˵
л˵ĶҲ
׹ȻˣûɳֳĵزĽ巽棬ûзԺԵģôԣʮһԴжΪ̽ӱ˴ʵģҲսʼĵˡ
ʮһнǧˣ˴ʵ࣬һĴսȴ겻Ѱϰ
쳽ǫüϾ˵ɣαµġ
ϰһڽƹ£˵һʮһĶԾʥȫû


1142  Ϣ
ʥصһȫû
ϢǶЩ֧ʥصĺ֣Ƕл˵൱𺳵һϢ
ʮһɳ硢ףҪȡǴҶ֪ǽһ½ҾĿʼǱ˴ĵһչʾȻǶ൱ӵġ
ɾˣʥɳĸ־Ȼһȫû˵һЩʥԴǿƵǳҫκһɸ߸ϵļƣȴʧܣ޹ҲڲʾһʵǾʥزûô£ٶԣƺԵе
ϢĿŶȣ൱ߵģ飬ֻҪȥ΢һ£ͻ֪ģԴϰûбҪƭǡ
ʥɳľأǵĲʧأ硢׵ʱɵӰءǧյ˵ǧյʥ֮һɽеϵȻվʥһߵģ˷ųôһϢͺʥغһ󵼱˵ġ
ϰܣЦǺǵĵʥصȷɳ˾ӹɵģȻǵĴ˷ɳָЩԭ򣬿ͬжΪʲô˾ûأֻ˵ʥزûôǿ󡣡
ǲ֪ĽΡǧյյϵӣڵǻʤɡ
ǰɡϰ
лһܷϸ˵һ£̡֪Ľ塢ڶŷǳµ̵ģǲô׵ķɣȻ֣һһǡ
ϰȷˣΪǼĵħѪһµĿ꣬ʥذ֮ҲˣڣҲ֪Ϊԭʱ̣ѡ˷˳ᣬĽһЩˡ
һЩˣлʵ
ûһЩˣһЩ鷳ɣڻĽ֮ǡʥǺ֣һشľϰ˵Ŀ֮һֱܵ͵ĽӥַϾǳϣǱ֧ߣĽ塣
ӥַ嵭ĵĽʹʥһн֮󣬾ͳ׻˽ޡ
⵹һϢ
һֱҶǱʶĽӥϾĽϵģû뵽ǾȻỮ˽ޣ޹ϸôҲ˵ڲûͶκһǸȡĶˡ
ԭˣҿô˵󵺵ľӢġϰЦΪǡʥǡ֣ѾЭ飬֮ΧĽ壡
һذը
лλʥ֮Ҳе൱𺳡
ҺΧĽ壬Ǹʲô
ڳ֮һ֪սһ棡
һֱʥس̡Ľ塢ھž˵̵ģԭͨУ·ɽϹߴ壬ǵǰǺ޵̵С壬Ͼǰ˴۵ģĽ壬ڽ֮ǰǾʹ壬ʹǴʱΪԶųƵĳ
ʮһǿУģãҪֳΧϵģõģǿĽ巢Χˣһսһ棬棬ǣԶΪǾźɨһе
һʼʿǶԵ˵һ壬Ժҵķչش塣
ʾлЦȻӦľҶ飬֪̬ȡ
̬Ⱥ΢ǻøλӸе˼顣ϰЦǺǵ˵
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ϰͷܲ˼飬ӲҲ˵һЩɣ˵ЩʲôǾҪλԼˡһ£˵Ϣĵڶ죬ʥȺհ꣡
лһ
⻹ǲ˼鰡лȻȷû뵽ʥؾȻʱΣôһ
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ϰֳ߱ĬڸطҲͬƾʧһ㣬ҪôˣҪôûиκ顣
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쳽ǫҲžƱЦǺǵĵôţⱻΪͻȻǿƣǴֲ֮࣬Ҳһ־˼ء
΢ЦĿЩ֧ʥصĺǣϰλӦ¿һ˰ɣʥԶûôǿ
ٺ٣ʥصȷôҲţǾԲѡֵġһЦӿд
˷׷̧ͷȥ
Ľ֣
ǿ֮ˣһ𷢱۵˧ӣֻǱһѩ׵ĽΪŮ˶Ůˣûб˫ˣֻвǿ߻ţʹǺɫġ
Ļ𣬾Ϳˮ¡ȵȵطðһЩˣȫĽĸ֡
˭ôҵġϰɫ䣬ЩŵĿĽĸ֡
ͬһѦ˿ȵɫͬѿֻԶԣѦӵĳȣϾ׼ս۷弶ĸ֡
·ĽˡĽЦĵ˷ҾȻ󵽹ȻĽսĽôҲҪʾаұ棬ţ˳ɱ档˵ȻŤͷѦѩϣòҪ֪ͨŮ֣ǲôϹġ
Ѧüëһߵǻв֣
Ľ·ЦѦϣ˵ľǷϻŮפأûв֣ȥ硣
⻰˵Ѧ΢졣
лԣһ̵ˣ̧ͷĽ·Ǻˣ
λܲµֵġĽ·ϵЦݱøӲˣȴ˸еӵɭ
˭ҪлĵĽеƣֻĽǰʹ壬ģħϸһֱĽ̶һ¹УΧĽ壬ҲǿģͬΣУΪǺһԶ˵õİ취һ¶⣬һ
ܹ֪Ҳ˵ǵı֧֣ˣŸոտţĽҲûκεĲãȻĽӦǱҲ޷͸˵ǰ֧ԮģΪʲôȻΪ˽ָǣˣʳ͸̣ʲôܹһ㣬ۺ㣬Ҷ϶̺ĽѾ֣ǻδЭ飬ҲѾΧ֮ǰֳľ
ķ߾Եͷʾͬ
Ľ·ߵܴϧҪڴˣ
ǰɱǣ͸Ů֮˵ȫŮɱǣˣŵԲ屳ֵģô˵ҲúŵתԸǣ˶Ǿ͸ˣ԰ɡлĵ
Ľ·ɫлص˭


1143  ˮ㡾һ
лһĻͬƤŵĹ⣬ĽľٶôʹĽ·лĿⷢ˱仯¶һ˿ı飬еһĪѹлġ
һ°·δйָоҲʹ൱Ĳ
˵˭ҪлЦе˵ҪǣòҪ뽫ЩڣȻĻܻᷢһЩϵ顣
Ľ·ĵƾǻ뷴ɣ
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˾ٶ˭Ҳ֪Ӳ뵽¾Ȼأ˹Ĵɱ
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ˢ
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꣡
ˮӹд֮еӲǱлľˮײˣһξˮյĹâ߲ɫĴﵽд֮˵üǰУǵξˮֱӶüģӺԱȥ
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
лƱʣµİ뱭ƣȥ죬þưƶ˵ǾмƷ
ֳȴһƬžС
һѹ֡
˶д֮˵Ĺд𺳣ÿ˿ĵһ˲䣬ԼԵĻҲҪ˵ģлȻյľּ佫д֮նɱǸе𺳣Ľ·ЩԼ۾
ѹָڿڳԣµʵȷĽ·ҪԳֲˡ
㣿л͸ʳָҡҡ㲻ҵĶ֣㶯ֵȤûС
Ľ·ɭɭĵȤģɱ
һɱֳڣ϶Ȼðʮˣֱֹ衢쳽ٻڣѦ˿ȵǰҲ˴̿ͽд̣ҴɱַϢͬһ㡣
длȻѣȻ˷
һײ֮󣬸ĸֲû˱ɱֻв˱˶ѣǰȴ˾ɱ֮֡
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ɾΣݻһ˲䣬Ӱͻأĳ˵󣬿Ĳ˼ĳ
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ˣѦȻ̳һѪѪ罦ȥȴ㿪һǲվȣǴ̿;ӰεĽ׷ϮɱʹѦʼմڱ֮С

Ҳʱһҽд
лŤͷȥȴǰλϾȻǴ̿һɱˣһֱӴĺԶǰ¶
һлҲЩֲ
Ȼˡ
˿µĿΨһƿߣ֮ǰ鱨ҲΨһܹˣŮһмƻƺԿΪģڰɱôʧЧǵļƻҲͳױˡ
ŰĲģ˫۾ʧȥʣлҲ겻ѡ
ڰĲ˿ȵ˵Ķ࣬ڴɱ̿ͻ֮ǰϱ㵴һƬɫĹΣӲǵסһ֮㽫׼ս۷弶սͷ˳
ߡл־Ƶı仯Щ֮⣬ץסƣҪ뿪
Ҫ裬ֹ֮ʩչ¶ݵֶΡ
˵ɱ㣡Ľ·Цջ½ھлԼʮ׵λã׵ĸ߶վҲӿǿչ˸ͬһԴ
лƲҲ˵㲻ҵĶ֡
£㽫Ʊصķھ֮ϣžҲ֮ѣֱǰңһֱӲ¡
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ǲµһľ壬ӿһѪܵĽ򱻶ѵӸҵķ׷Ѫˡ
лҲٿȻ
һ֮䣬ڵ㶯˶ޱӯ·ûƺȺëҪܶ౶ûи˿鷳֮ǰȥ
Եٶȣ
ʮ֮һʱ䶼л·˲ư㣬ƾճĽ·ǰȭȥ
ȭ
ٶȿĳĽ·֮⣬δҲǴ߶߳ɵĹ㲻òˡ
䣡
ֻһȭǿ񱩵㽫Ľ·޲ѪɫЩҰס
лĵڶȭҲ֮
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ĵڶȭŵһȭġ
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Ľ·Ŀ磬ȭͷ貵İɫâǾҵȶţƺȡǿһȭǿ
ȭâ
ɫĹ⻪ҫбѣĽ·͸еֱ飬һȵƺ壬òˣͬײһ£ʹ֮£Ѫ
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һȭʤһȭ۶ɵ籩ͬκϯΧĽֶķ׷׺ˣЩನ֮бɱ
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ȭлƣ󿪴ϵĺɱĽ·ĺ޶ܵĻᣬֻܱĵֿش
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˵㲻ҵĶ֡лȻû׷ɱΪĽ·˸ˣֳּ֣ʵ˿·ΣлɲԸ֮Ӳƴ뿪ˡ
ЩĽҪǿ˿Ƚɱİ׼ս۷弶սųȥ׷ɱл˵ĻĽ֣Ҫսȫնɱˡ
֮£ֻ
л뿪ĸҲԣʵǴ˷ֵģ׼սʼ޷ģֻл
˻ع֮ǰסΪûʲôҲǽأʶû⵽л谲ٺãˣûйȥǣ뿪ˡ
˷̺Ľֳлţ֮ǰжʧ֮ľԾҪӶõµһЩʶҵʱ򣬻ˮ㡣
лöԼͨϢĳΪҵϷ


1144  ˮ㡾
ҵĵط٣˵ҳ̶ȶ࣬лȴ֣ϷλãһЩ̵ĸڿѹԼûȫͷųһ㣬ͣڰ
һ൱ɽսϣ൱ļңΧһЩ̵ĸ塢Ůĸֽս
лĵĹۿĶͨҲȫˡ
ͨĶͨлһ±㲶׽ɽڵһǰı
аıǾжҪĿ꣬⼸÷ȥǣлȻ񣬶طĻҲٹע
ɽڵս൱ļңϣǲϵвҽд
лۿȥֻܿɽһսǴﲻʱе⽣Ӱ˸ʱѪҺɽ
˺һδн˼ʹʹȥʲô
ʱսȻøӵļңɱײҽӵžͿһӰеҡεĴ˳˺Ȼ̴˴жָӰı
ûнħ
ûбİıʵǾԵѷɫܶˣĵܳ׷ɱһˣһŮĸ֣ǵ̵ĸ֣ɽڲԾǷɱš
ಣ
ۼıҪɽȻ𣬴Ӻ׺ݵһıĺ󱳡
һͣݣǱɱģǰıħɲ֪Ϊʲôƫƫûнħ
ǧһ֮ʣͬ׷ɱŮҲٿȻнһĹ⺮
ۣ
һֵĺġ
ֶʱͣͷǰ͸Ľ⣬ϼһ鶯ʹĵ櫣Ϊʲô
櫵Ůһüļ㸡һͼʾʵݣ̰һˡ
Ȼ
櫣ͽǰغѪˮƴĺһˤڵأûϢ
һ˻ɲˣǼԶ˶
Ҳûץסıĸ첲ڿնԶ쭶ȥ
̵ĸֳЩŮǿߣΨ̽Ѫĸֽ󣬱뿪ˡ
л״㰵и档
ܿǰİı˱뿪ƺѾõҪĶлֱӽ뺣ˮУˮǱУβں档
жǷó֡
ϾıߵˣǶʵǿĸ֣׼ս۷弶׼սʼλģǵлǷ֣һħܹ֮ﵽ׼ս۷弶İıǾΧŹлûаӦ
ֻܰи棬Żˡ
ıһ뿪ٶ˿ŶȥСʱǧ֮ңһԶԣ棬ﻨݳ񣬹졣
лں´У֮󣬱ʩչڰиŰı˵ĵش
ʱһֱıĴֱɢռڶϱĸ򣬷ֱΧֹ˵ıŮۼһ֮󣬶ǴڴڵĴŴ
櫣ζ㣬ȻĻҪΣˡıƣֻǿȴܿܡ
ü𣬵ô£ΪʲôħħҲҲڱ¶ڿɺãҶûȥԵˣҿ϶Ҳǣ֮ǰƿصŮڵؽǳĳ
İɣ㲻¶Ҳ뿪ġıЦ
Ϊʲô櫲
ıһ˿ĪЦ⣬ܿͻ֪ġ
˵Ҳ֪ıĸԣû׷ʣΪβħֻðգɲķ񡣡
ħڵһƲлɱ䡣ı˸һĨ⣬ܾĻβסļ
ɱ䣿櫾ϲĵ㣬ıǲҲҪɱˣ
ıû⣬´ҽеǴħĵϴζȡ֮ʧܣһеܴ裬û뵽˲֪ʲôֶηɱħǣ㲻ħȻɱͨȴһЩʹһƲл귢ɱ䣬Ҳøɡ
櫵ħ̫ˣɴħɽѪȫ棬ôǽ̵֮ڶλӵѪˣճɾͶȻ̵Ĵҵŷǳ
ûдħҲ̳ΪʤߡıȻԾһıһеӣ˵䣬ӿռָóһӨ͸ˮӣ淴߲ʵɫظˮӣΪ㣬ҿǾһ
ܹõҲֵˡЦ
ı櫣Ϊǲɥ̸Ҳʧ٣Ķ𣿡
櫺ߵȻȻңЩǿڵصһ̨ػŵģ֪Щŵǿڵı׶Ǹ̨ΪĵģͬһҿԶ϶Щǿܹ֮ˮڵĶŽܵϵ
ǰô˵ⶫȷǱ֮ս廹ҪصеˡıõԿ𣿡
һóһöˮԿס
򿪰ɡı
лʼնڹ۲ǵľٶǵĽ̸Ҳһֲȫˡ
̰ŵˣҳɳΪŮӣ֣Ů廹һ櫵ˣĻôĸܹ֪Ļġ
ǰıνĴħлע⡣
ڵħ磬ħܹ࣬ϺŵĴǿߣǹϵħҲܹﵽŽսʵĴڣǴħֻһͬʣǾʮսʼĴڣû˴ﵽʮսʣôħλþԶȱġ
ԭıǽħģսʵӲͨһƲлļӳ֣ħ֮൱׼ս۷弶ʵǽдħԣȻħʵķԾϾħħһ֮ȴ֮
˵ģܹдħȻðıֻһ׷ѪĵħѪôıδȻΪѪɱ䷢Եı仯ӵпֲı£ھ߱ǿս˭ǰıĶ֣
ˣҪ
леɱ⣬ֹ˸ӦȻʼԼӯ˽ٶ˲䱬޵ĵزӶһɱʵǿ׼ս۷弶֣ҪɱԾǰı
ǣ
ˮԿײˮˮڡ
΢΢۾촽䶯ʼһˮԿױ㷺߲ˮ⻪ǸһЩţȻš£Ȼšһ¡
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ˮ㷢춯ˡ
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ǰıҲ۶š
櫰סиǣؿ
һĨϢˮڴݳѸٵӣ̼䣬ͬؼĻ֮޳һ㣬һжԵǰ£ͬ㣬ǰлһƮȻɵĸо
ֻϢлԣȻǰϤ
ϤܹеϢͿڵһʱµʲôĶϢֻԶû飬ǿҡ
лѹе궯ˮУ͵Ȱı櫽ˮڵĶó
ǣɻĵ
ıȴǱŷһĿľ⣬¶ϲ֮ɫ̽ˮڵĶ


1145  һ
һĨĽɫ˸ţıһӤƴСƬлϸֵ֪ۣ
лöֱۣʹʥճɳĮŮڣԼǼԨõģÿһö۶һ֣ͬʹնɣɷ裬·̺İ壬ʲôˣֻһִۣĳֶĳĴڡ
ʰ˵۳籾Դ͵ħıԴֱԴУһ𣬾ͻᷢҵĺֱһΪֹԹӲ⣬ƫƫǳֱԴʹ۱͵һظС
˷ٶȼһƬۣл֮࣬ʶ۵ڲͬΪƬɢĿϢлյƬ۷һ𣬼ۺϻҪǿʢܶ౶˵ĸоƬƺǱڵһ㣬о̬ȣ˵ģǿܹƬĳϵƺ˵ţƬ۵Ĳ
ֵۣۡɻ
ıɲۣͨʮǰҳɾ֮µʾ֮ǰ̬һЩۣ˵ǵ͵ۣκħޡƬ޷֮ġ
֪櫵
֪һ㡣ıһƨڵϣˮӷһۣ࣬˵̵ظڿ۵һЩֻһ仰ܹκƵȥ
櫵ĻǾͿԽΪʲô嶼ѾˣЩǿ߱ȴûȥؾ۵á
΢΢ͷı˵ûܹ֮һҲΪˣҲž֣뿪̼£һֱѼϣ۵һЩ
ʲô֣ʵ
лҲǾһ۵İ֪ҲǳޣֻǴ\ԨʥŮе֪۵һһǱǷ񼤷ߵħѪˣۻʲôãȴǲ֪
лճ⣬õ֮н۹ɵػڿһУлãһİҸӵ£Ҳ
ҵõĹ۵ϢǺģǶ͹Գ۵İǷı˵
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ıһϢѩڷֵģȥѩΪѩɽȥģҪлѩɽģû뵽Ȼⷢһ۵Ϣݲֻ࣬һб˵ǺĦ˱츳ƺرͻֻǺܲʱһЩĶǿΪĦ˵ĳɾͻܸߣӦҲܴﵽ߽սʵ˽սʵӣͻƣǲܵģΪֳ뵱ʱһЩŸֱֳĲ£Ҫѷһߡ
ǰ˽սʣʮսʵĲҲ֮ˣҾǺĦǸʱǸǳԻ͵ʱһЩر˽սʮ֮࣬ŽսȴˣҪ˵ʮսˡ˵
Ħ˾ǵõһƬۣ˵ǵһֵۣӴ˱չضʮ꣬ٶȳصʱ򣬾ȻѾǾŽսʣԾŽսʺɨһк֣ʵ֮һαչذ꣬γرﵽʮսʣǱбмأʱĦ˳صʱŵҲƬۣܹ϶ӦܹıһǱı˵
ıһ˵Ǳ
леЩ˼飬һ˵Ǳעģ޷ıģԭܼ򵥣ĸŽܵĹϵγɵģЩ˿Ϊ׿ŬҲͻԼļһЩѣҪȿԽԼļޣֱǲġ
ֻǴӰıĻУֵƺܹıһǱĿܡ
лȻΪֻǿܶѡ
ǲбпἰںĦ˳ɾʮսеʲôãʵ
ıǲбؼĵطͲˣ֪Ǳ˭ٵģһЩƵֽеһЩ֣Ҿ÷֣ƬۿǸı亣ĦҪԭ򣬵Ψһԭ򣬺ҽ̵ص֮գ֣ƺ۸ıĺĦ˵Ѫ
ˣ̵ˣ̫ˣǱôΪ˵ħһѪõģеܹԽ޵ĺܶ౶櫳˿Ħ˵ȷǸıѪǸıʲôѪܹʮսʵأǿΪֹ߾˰
ı櫱˴ֹţ˵ĿһȻֶƬ棬ǵͬʱ¶һĨϲ֮ɫͬĵѪ
漴ıҡͷܣҪΪʷҲֻһλˣҲֻǼ֮㼸ӣͱµʾ磬һܹΪѪأпܵĻǺĦӦۣͨѪһоѪӦǷɱ䡣
ĻǺϺ˵
лҲ԰ıʾͬϾѪֻһ˵ʮǰλݵĴﵽ¸ûĴ񼶱ĴڣҪ˵ҪӵѪˡ
ֽռָԼöۣͷҲһ˿嶯Ƿͨıеö۵أ
һ֪ıõöѾһǣԶлöͷŵĿϢҪŨصĶ࣬Ϣŷǳĺôġ
һҵһܹϹʥʿĸµһЩϵϢıۣӦŨĿϢЦ˱
һںϹʥʵһνʧ֮ͨʵɣһν棬ϹʥʶܱʮʹﵽʮսʵϹʥʣʱ򣬿¾ûͻʮսʣҲѾﵽʮսʵ۷ˣô˵ı仯ӵĿˡ
ƶϵһûȷʵˣı϶ĻشһƬ۽ɱģһ󲻳ġǷһ˿Ц⣬ʱõƬǱӡŵģΪﵽ۷壬һȥϹʥʽս֮ǰҲδܽƬ۵ķӡ
˻
櫵һ
ǰелҲ㷢
״Ҳʮսʼ۷徳Ϲʥʵʱ򣬶ܹսһɼʵôĿ£Ȼ޷ӡ˵ʲôӡƬ۵ʵӵı̬
ԽʮսʵĴڣ
л뵽ǰ츳ǱԵĽ
ܹﵽʮ㣬Ǿζδɾʮսʼֱӳ˵ʮ㣬ﵽĸ߶ȣǷζţܹͻʮսʵľأﵽһȫµģ߾磿
ڵ۵ϢҵڶȷǷʵġı˵ʱ˵۾ȴ͸һȣЩܵģϢǣϹʥ֮ʧΪۣ


1146  
Ϲʥһͳ½򣬳ΪһµףǷɱͨ͵ħͨ˵վʷߵ㣬ȴڰ֮صʧģȥʲôطʲôȥû֪һжֻһա
ڴ£˲֪˲
ǲ֪Ϊʲôѡ뿪
лͻȻı˵Ϲʥʵ뿪ȻеϵԾС

ıǰıĿȣǱȽϿܵģƺû˵ѵıҪ֮ǰ˵ȷͿı֣ĳ֤ݣ߼֤ݣ֤ϹʥʵʧŽܵϵ
˵ȷҵĸоȴϿɵġ˵
ı벻ǣ˵壬ȵۼоöۣһдȻͻ֪˵ϸһĨЦ⣬櫣֪Ĺ۵ܣʲô
һ£漴Цˣ֪ˣڱұ̬ԺΪʹ
Ҫ˵ôǺҲ֪ҪλģԼʹ˿Ժ֮λҲҪһЩı׵˵츳Ǳ֪ģδɾ൱Ĳϣܹõ֧֡
ƯȻһЦٻʢҲͬ⣬ǲǾͻɱҰ
ı۾ǣ
ıµİı̵ӡ櫿Ц֪ҵĸԣԥ˵ɱҵĻҲϲġı°ͣȻôӦ֪ΪʲôôҪϢ㣬֣ϧعԼء

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ԭκһУìܣʥ˵ǼҲһ޿ɱģʱһʱǾܹƶﵽ۷塣
̣ǺߵЧΪ̻һ֮˶ĳڣǾ櫡
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ƬֱǡšġҲ֪״ʲô˼ıе֪Ǹʲô֡
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⻪ʢһ±˰ıע⡣
㣡ıŤͷȥúлĿԣϤĶ뵽ߵ֮뵽㱻ɱƽһʧܣǲҰܣðıɱ죬ŭˣ
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δȵǿ£ıеҲų貵Ĺ⻪һֱشԼ׵ա
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леöҲ·ܵǣֱһƬĹ߿ཻһ㡣
һѸٵķŴԭָ׸ǴС̼ﵽȭͷСܷһƬɫĹâγһ֣л櫺Ͱı˸С
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ıɨһ۹ڣֻˣʱ޷бʵֻսģлܹɻ׼ս۷弶ֵĳǿߣﻹлһ
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Ҫǹ֡
Ĵ׼ս۷弶׼սʼλģȫǷǳֲġ
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лٺЦλעҪҵˡ
װɡıٵתԽ˼취
Ҷκν׶ȤֻԴȤлȻһ䣬ɱȥ
ֻһ뷨ȽıɵǸ櫣֮˵۰ǰɱıġ
ǱʱǶ˵ĽɫԴȻɫĹ˵ϡ
л͸е޷ˣ·ʩ˶һܶ
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лһҺ̬ҪܷԿҺ̬
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лͷǰҺ̬ȻƽϢδܵһ˿Բٿˡ
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ϵһЩɫĹâ͸壬ܿ˾͸еǰĻ淢䡣
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л֪Ӧһþ
νþǲʵģǿ֧ģлʵ޷Ĵڣ統лӥڣУĿӥҹĻɽ䣬Ǿǻþ߲ûʲô
л֮ǰõöšġ֮ʱۡšӴҲһþ
öôһþûеôľȡ
ֻǲ֪þֻģϴĿһǿʩչֶΣٵأ̵ӡ򶷼أ
ڵĻþеĵطһɽۣ֮ܣܹһж۵ףĵȴ˼ӣһ糣ûʲô仯
֡лĸӦҲûʲôͬ·þûʲôһˣԪ˳棬ҸɴɣһֻѾ̤׼սʼλľ磬ͻء
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Ƭþڿʼ
ȻĿ޲ûаٷ֮ٵĽ񶼳ȥǷֳһֹעĻþһʲôܵһʱ֪Ӧġ
ڵĶѾﵽޱȳĵزͬһڸףȻӯˮֻҪܹټһ㣬ͿͻˣлһǰĶذ˷ŨԪҲͬܵĳһһ㣬ĽԪڣѸٵĽԪתΪӯĶڣȡͻһߵľڡ
һ˿ͻƵѾлǰ͵ȴҵĳһǿͻƣˡ
Ļþڣ΢΢ƮлҷƮƮĵţˮݣʹԵøӵӵƵأһжԵǰİлͬһ磬ԭһ˿ô֪ľȻ˶ŽС
лͬɮ붨һ㣬Ϣƽ͵Ȼɫƽһ˿˿ۿԿԪ۶ɵˮΧϵţܹһڿٵţȡΧԪ
֪УлȻͻƵĵ·
ǰ赲ͻƵһֽһ谭
ͬʱͬһþڣǰıҲлһ֪ǲͻƵĻôֻ·һͻڴħԼͻлǰûʲôá
ͬһЩĵħһĻþУѪõ㹻ĿԳԼٶȲϵؼȡؼԪΪͻƵļ󣬱սﵽ˶Ļ˷һ㿪ʼһȡս۷弶ͬǣĴħҪһƲлɱٶȾȻڷٵļӿţҲѪ˼䣬Ѫļ
ıʼѪȫɾ͵ħѪǰš
ͬУֻٶȻûлͰıݣɶ˶ԣѾǿľˡ
˽þУɫĹָһС
Ե̵ĴֶҪˣΣÿζԼԼ˲˵ǹ˿仯ûУҲֻܸż
ͬʱԶǧ֮⣬һͨ巺ûľˣѹǧףһкڵħ޶ɵ֮ڣеʥڡ
֮ǰһΪǽɫģһܲٿػ棬ȴǺóϾǻԵģĻޱȣƲʵģһֻΪɫʥס
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ḷ́


1147  ȫɱ䡾һ
ḷ́һֱΪлĬĬʥŬţлһ֮ãδйԹԣֻĬĬذлֹͨԲ̴ȥָҪʱ뿪ʥǰлٶȳڴ֮ϡ
Х߷ɡ
֪е飬ٶ졣
վͷ֮ϣ̿Ųã󺣣ޱ߼ʵĺˮεգƮǷһ˿Ц⣬˫ܹԵһ˵илӰƺл֣վԶȴ
Ҳ֪ǷӦ̾Ȼʹûǰȥȥˡ
Ļþڣлͬɮ붨ľ֮˿ŨԪȻǰķˣŻٶȣлȴһĨĺΣҲһ˿Ц⡣
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Ȼ䣬һĹлڴ·ֱƶˣƮƮģͬƮһ㣬һܰɢ˸һĨĹΣҲһĨ貵Ĺ⻪ȥᾪɵķ֣Ȼͬһͭһ㣬ǽճ
ԭֻλóֽӵӣлڴǽֵྐྵȻѪɢȥؾܹ֣лƢҲڷɱ䣬ֳһĨӲӵĽ⣬ƢྐྵȻҲƱһӸ
ǽճɱı֡
ʥڶؽճ޳ɣһɹôصļͽѹһż˵ʥɽ׶ΣԭҪýճɣҪȫɽһ㣬ųķſԡ
лֻڰĵͻƣû뵽Ȼ˽ճɱ䡣
û뵽ġ
л֪ΪǰıѪҲΪĻþڷž˵ɱ䣬ǾͲԾˡ
ĻþƬ۾ۼӵеһɫ
ճɱ䣬ʹлʳֱļͬģĶҲڲϵ
ֻһʮֹΡ
лӦѾͻˣҪ׼սʼλվȽŸ˲ǣĶϵϵǿûͱ谭ͻƾǲ㱡Ĥле֮࣬ҲʶӣԼĽճ仯Žܵϵ
ûڿȥǲ㾳磬ǰĵԪţͬĽճɱ仹ڼ
Ƣ໯ΪͬһĽӷƵأǽɫĹâѪʼɢĿǷβ
һб仯Ȼš
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̼䣬ԭͬС֮һ׳ʮ״ϸľ޴ڸ߿µľ֮Ҳ׳
һԪʼɱ䣬ȫתΪԵԪתţתΪһ˿˿׹⣬ǺȻףȻڽľ֮ڣһʱΪף֮ڣʹ֮õһ
þҲʼɱ̡
ʱţл͸еԼĶԽԽ࣬ûͻƵļҲ֪ǷΪﵽһ̶ȣŻһı仯ʲôԭ򣬵леԼĶѾĴﵽ޵ʱƽҺ̬ȻҲʱ궯
Һ̬Ķȫģֻлܲٿصһ㡣
ȫ궯Һ̬һ˿˿ļ
Ҳ٣
лҺ̬֮󣬵ﱬһֿڣû취Һ̬Ѿﵽǳ̬ĵزճƶϣѾ൱ھŽս۷弶ĸӵеľǿˣǿĻǴﵽʮսʼ߱ľ̶ȣ
Ҫ֪Һ̬ͨľɲͬġ
Ȼķǳҷǳϡ٣ɶлԣԾǲ˼ģϾ̫ۻˡ
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Ҳлʱ䡣
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лɱ䣬ıûôˣΨеɱȴǸԵģҲ˵Ǳʡ
Ҫ֪Ѫ鱾ԭıʹǰѾƺõļƻ׵ķϵþڵиּѪм䣬Ӷ棬ﵽħֵĵز
֮ǰ櫺Ͱı̸ἰһһʵƽƽĸ֣츳Ǳһ㣬Ǽ˵ħѪĻһߣôҲܹͻҼޣǰԽһ
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ȻĻıδɾ;ǸӵĿֲοĻѪͽͬ׷գ׷յõħ֮Ѫɱ䣬ﵽǵħħѪ̶ȡ
ô֪ıѪɱ䣬źεȵˡ
ȴѪķ漣󣬰ıħҲ˳
ħڵһƲл껯ħݣ˻𣬷ɲͬлͰıɵԪڳŵĵħıԴ
Ϊ⣬ҲΪ硣
һƲл֮󣬱Ѹ͵
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ıڷһװĺٿȻ˫Ŀһʵʰ㶴գֱԶ
ս۷弶
һޣıͻơ
ħıһ
һƲл㷢һ˻ֱӳı鴦Űıͷ˾ޱ䡣


1148  ȫɱ䡾
ħİıͷѸٵĳǣмޱȣ΢һЩһ㵭ɫΣǾͷ·ǻʹһ㣬ֻ֮Щ⣬ȴõ˾˵Ŀ΢΢һԶǧ֮Ϣһ
˫Ŀûʲô仯ֻǾͬɫĹâܹһƵģ߱΢еӥǶζıҲǳУĲһϸܵĺɫƬէȥͬһ㣬ȫļѸٵһ֪̺űըԵ˫ֹǽӣ΢΢ץžž
ΪĻβ͡
Լ׵βͣϸܵƬܼĵ̣ޱȣֻǱԭħʱֵĵ̸ˣǸӵķӵļˣβԾп棬״ôڡ
Ǵħ
𣡡
ı˷ܵ쳤Х
ȫӿ񱩵дħеԼڵһֻſսʼһ㣬ǿޱȣɺɨһУһ֣ܹɽ̤ͣ󺣣ɺԵĵز
ĸо˵˷ܡ
Ѫ棬ȫɱ䣡ı鿴ԼѪȻﵽ˰˳ɷļԭŴħ״̬ȫļȡѪɱ䲻ϵؼӿ졣
ʱֶжȹ
лȻеԼĶﵽ˼ޣǲȥƣǰĶҲеĿʼ߾ˡ
䡭
֮߿ս׹˸ͬһĵڸ߿շתţžĺա
һ춯صĺ֮ٿȻŴ˽һǧ֮׵Ĵ׳Ȼ׵ﵽһֲĵز
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ض˱ѵļ
ԭĻþҲΪı귢˱仯һ𶯵ɽ;ҵҡΣЩɽ͸ǳѷ죬̮ļˮҲٿȻˮϯգһˮգҲڱѣѺۣңԶķӳȥ
֮֮СһϸСס
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ˢ
һĨӲӵĹâл˸
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˵ͬΪճ壬ԭлֵܹ׼սʼλ߳ĳ˵ĻôھʮҲ˵ճſʼΨȫɱ䣬ǿǳ̬ģǳ˵лķﵽһ̬ĵز
߶ֹͣɱ䡣
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ͨ˸ŵı⣬һɵܰϢлϵƮΧЩݶ·ܵ˴ֱ̼ͦĻ
ʱл񶼴ﵽǰδе۷塣
ĿϬͬһ񵶣ֱӶþԶʵӰȻǽдħİıˡ

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ÿһ缡þӨࡢƢࡢβȶ˽ӰĴڣ˸ŽӲӵĹâޱȼ͵ĸо
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лҺ̬ȻѾ˽һɵҪ֪Һ̬Ļͷǳۻ룬һɣ¾Ľսʼȫľ޷֮ȵġ
ǿһɣлٿҺ̬ҲȻ൱֮ͻƾ֮󣬲ٿ࣬˵лʩչɶ籩Ļһﵽֲĵز
Ȼ鿴ס
׵ǿԣлеٸһþǿĻᣬпܴﵽ״ɾĸ߶ȡ
ףлһַйĳ嶯ȫܷӳܹﵽĳֿµĳ̶ȣѾָ޻ļȭףȻǸӵĿ¡
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лԼĽǷǳܵġ
ͻ֮ǰ˴Ķ˷ͻ֮󣬱׼սʼλľǰĿһʵν൱Ķࡣ
һУл۷塣
ԭĻþڳҡΣռҲʼŤʵеĻ𽥵ĳлС
ܵⷽǣǰıҲ۾
ѪҲѾɱӴ֮֮̽ĵڶӵħѪˡ
ħʮ㡣
𣡡
ҲһƵĳХ
ԭһֱڿ޵Ҳ۾ľ籾׼ս۷弶˷ʱ䲻þЧʵ̫ˣҲ̶ʱڵһĿ๦Ȼһֻſսʼ
ͬʵ
𣡡
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1149  ȾѪĺһ
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Сӣ治֪أǵùħİı¶аЦݣҰııܹʧܣģֻһΣΪΣҲ֣첻Ըû뵽תɡ
ȷеϰлʼ磬ı仯Щֲԣ仯ûڷǳı֮С
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Ǳ뵽лϰҲû취һȡ۸Ҫ۽ӶչֳĽаı̬֮ѾлʶԼع⣬۸Ҫ
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һ㣬ƺϰʥ֮ԵȭоҲǳޣȭųƵģϰûѧᣬΪƺûˮԣأҲûյ࣬ͬûˮԣһѵֻɺϣ
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1150  ȾѪĺ
һĨӹлȫ׺ǹ⣬ȥ䣬һУ֪ı櫵ǿᣬлûд⣬ǳϵģûʮףҪܵķﵽޡ
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Ҳ׼ս۷弶׼սʼλȻһ׼ս۷弶ıͬȣȻ಻һģڶûܳϰıˡ

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ѸٵĵˣħƺǰѡԵķ

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1151  ȾѪĺ
ζûг֣Ҳ֪ʲôһ½лײѪˣĺɷ͸л壬еȫ̹ǣ·Ҫ嶼ݻһ㣬µ⺮ɷȻоٶҩָųǾ綾ġ
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1152  ŭѪɺӡһ
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һĻĽŭڻȴһܰ
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лɫ΢䣬֪ʲôνĵ֮ţ֣յġֻأͨؼʵһõģһֽӽ֣ǳĿֲ
Ҫ뿪
ǳ޵ʵ̫ˣΪһսʼͬʱҲﵽ˽аĵزǵ֮ź¡¡춯һɿµɷӲлٶʮֹ˿չֳٶ統ʥʱ򷢻ӵٶȣһ±㱻ɭɭסˣ̶޷ѿ
ǿķлߵġ
֮ţıЦ
һ˻۹⻪ʢǵ֮ӿǿӾˣӲлȥ
ǻѪ˿ǽĵϹһĨĵЦݣĸлգһá
Ҳǿĵġ
ŨŨ⣬лЦˡ
ͷ̹Ķͷһ£Ȼ̧ͷ˫ĿһĨԵâǵ֮š
Һ̬ˣ
УɵֶβС
лڽܵĽܲٿصҺ̬ͳͳĵȻ˵֮࣬ǰȴҪĶ࣬ϾѾͻƽ׼սʼλҿķŭʹҺ̬ҪƽһЩ
񱩵ľ̼ˡ޶оˡ
Χɱʥ櫵ҲǿֲľˣʵǾ·ϯص
ħۣıȵ
޵ֻ۾âʢֲϾҵӿʹǵ֮ڵӵǿᣬл̸ȥ
ˢ
죬ɲǼ͵˵֮Ŵ
վ棬ڿȥǾһƬɷǺϣԩ档
лһĨ⣬Һ̬ٿȻŷ
ֶΡ籩
νлµˡ
֮űõģͨĳЩ۶ɵģҲǳ޵ľ
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Һֱ̬ͨǿᡣ
籩һ𣬶ѵأһС
䡭
춯صĺ䶯ϡ
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֮Ŷһѷ죬бļ
꣡꣡
ڵ֮űնϡ
л̵ڵ֮ǰֹͣϵȴûб׵ķ飬Ȼš
ħδϿޣɱıȵȻҲû֣ҲףлһǳֻܸɵۣѴƵģָֻس޶ɱˡ
𣡡
޿˻ţһͷǿֲѪɫǳײȥ
Ҫûɱл
𣡡
лҲһ˻ͦθߴƸɵģ˲սʤǿУҰϢְ޵еζǿʢһʱڵ͵ĳͬһ
׺Ƶǵħ
ĶǿҵıӿͬŭϺ
һʱ䣬лϱף貵Ĺâֱ͸죬俪յƲ㣬·Ϊ֮ı䡣

лͷ֣Բɷ죬ȫⶼˣѸٵ͡
ǡ䣡
һ̶УħȻѣƬɽܡ
̽㣬ǲɱУлֽ̱ͦΣͬ˵Ѱаʦͼ³һľٶ
֫ĶߵܵѽҪŬŶ׼ء
ͷԵĻҲֻܸɵĳ
ƫƫȴ̼лսǿ
лһЦֶǳɱĳһץһ貵ʱֱƾճ֡
ʱ侲ֹ
һ±㽫
ͬʱлɵߣţֶѾѷĵ֮һץһε
ռ䶷ռ
ʮ򱶵ѹ
ֲѹǵ֮棬һ±㽫ѹķ飬׵ıѣؼɷҲ֮ɢлεʧ
䣡
ͬʱʱֵ˲Ҳɱ
ųɱȥֻ۸ǱһѪɫĹ
֮Ƶ磡
潻治Уٶȡ
Ψ첻ƣ
ûе֮ŵлٶȫ淢ӳļӳ֣ٶȴﵽ̬ĵز
һΣǱ̣ͬĶ㿪ѪɫϮҲһͷײڿմ
ȳѰл͸еһɭϢ
Сı󣡡ı߿ղٿس޴սѡ
Ѹת
̫ˣ
лɵ棬һĨӲӵĻ׷һӰǽӥ
һĨҫȭͷӳֵҲ档
ױɱ
أ
лһնڳ޵ı
Ȼ޵ķܱ̬ʵѪɫƬǿлȫ֮µն£ȻǽƬɣѪⷭת¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
ʹתлζΣӰΰ㣬˳޵ٶȳ
ء
ƾ賬ٶȣлӲڳ޵նʮѪ¶ͷնˡ
ʮ޳ױŭˡ
ɱٶȷܵԵƣ޷лɰ˺ֻܱϵ͵Ϯ
櫣ֻɱлıۼڴˣòȡ˰Χİ취
׼սʼ۷徳ǿ߱㸩
ʥΧȻˣţʣһ׼սʼλĸ֣Ҳֻǿƽֶѣ԰ıƻ
˳ޡı櫣һ׼ս۷弶ǿγɰΧȦлΧ


1153  ŭѪɺӡ
лһ̵ΣһɵȻվλãΧǿߣһսʼħޣһ죬Цѩ׵¸ЦݸǴһ˸еĪѹС
Ⱥսл
ħİı΢죬ĵȺսҲãսҲգɱС
ɱң
лֶȻ߿̽ȥ
ռ䶷أ
ؿռ
ٿȻ֮䣬صӵĿռԲƾճ֣һӾͽֶл֪֮׼ս۷ǿɱȥ
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ռ
ʮѹ
лںؿռڣʮѹֱ׼սʼ۷ǿߵϣһͬһɽѹϣжѹȵҪѪˣֻǿ֧š
˻ᣬлɱҲˡ
߱죡
ǰӢ֮괴Ķ˶Ҳݣǳ
ʮѹѹȵ׼սʼ۷ǿҧ⵲֪սлĶ֣棬лһȭͽʵߵһֻſսʼ׼ս۷弶ǿ߸ˣҪ˵ˡ

һĴ󵹷ɣҲľʹޱȣʮѹ֮£ȴδܺ˶٣Ҳ׵ľ롣
ʱ侲ֹ
лһһʱֽ
ֻһ˲䣬˱㽫ʱֱѣлĵҲһεõǰֱһԴն
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Ҳؿռ͵ĳȥ
ħޣлɲѡ潻档
һΣ𣬶㿪޵Ļֶ́ų޵ĺ󱳱նһعĵطնȥ
׶죡
һ𣬾֮࣬¡
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̼䣬ŵһԶͳͳǳ˵λãĳֱУѪǱŽ
ھŵ׻£лҲȥ
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ɲǼʮȭ¡
һһ㽫޵ԴѪֹͷǶѺܶദ֮Ҳࡣ
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ޣʵռţлٶ֮£ûзӳһͱлһᣬۿǻˡ
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һͷ
ޱնԴ
лɷһ㣬׿ı櫣ȾѪٻеٻɣٻ
ħƵİıŷҫĳ޾ȻôıɱٱлһɣҲ߶ħƣһɿϯ櫣Զ쭶ȥ
ݣ
ϴˣ㻹ܣлЦ
ڵȻʩչƵ磬ٶȷӵޣҪȥ׷ɱ
Ⱦ̼ȵ
лŷ֣׼սʼλֲûܣƴĺɱһʵƴĳɱȷɱıˣԼҪΪı櫵ܴᡣ
Ĳ״лֻõڶη׷ɱıֱӳ׼սʼλ֡
үΪұģ׼սʼλ־ȻûУôſ˫ۣлһɱ
лʱѰҰıˣȴѾǽӵӰˡ
´Σɱıлݺݵĵ
̴ֽӱ뻳С
̷ŲҰ׵ָЩѪɫʦҩʦ̷µҩ֮󣬼ξƵˣԼˣѾָ߰˰ˡ
ûˡֵһлıǼ⡣
лĻΪСʥˡ
лȥķХǹ˻
ǿָҲˣǵƤˣܿͺ࣬Ҳ
̣޺޵ĵ
лЦˣȵﵽ˽ս۷弶ʱȥ̵Ҳ١
һǸ۵ģ
ǧ࣬޵ˣɾʥҲ߰ˣ۸Ҳʥĸ߰
лͷ
Ҳ֪лл˵ֱӽ޵ʬţԼɵԶһСȥˡ
̽㡣лĿǷ绪̣
е˵ĹΣ֮ǰ鲻ˣȡ֮һĨŭ⼸ʲôȥˣȻûȥʥң֪Ҷ֪ô
ҡле⣬
ȴһ˹ֱӽƵڵϡ
Сӣȥң֪椣ңͦİ˲ˣ͵ʥðҿǾʢǲǣҽҪեɣԺӲôݡ̺Ůɫһ㣬лϣٵĳ˵·棬𽵹
һδεңһδεļ顣
׼ʿ
߳𣬼䡣
һ
лͳ˻𣬽ս
̹Ƭ̣ٶһҪ
ϲһ仰Ů˽ǵšҪĻŮ˵Ǿ䣬һҪ
̷ӳŮ˵ƣҪл׵եɣչĺ͡


1154  ĺ̡һ
Ϧ£һƬƣĴ֮ϣɫĹâƽĽɳżֻħӿգ˻˻öϣ΢ҡҷ
յʱľ֮ƽϢ
лĻУǵлţûзֿϹ֮嶯⣬۽˵Ĺ⣬͸Ÿ֮߳ϡ
ڱз͵͵ƺڻζŵ
бһԵлĽҲ޵ɳ֮ǰĽս㱻޻ɱ񶼷ǳĽţⷬиһⲫսȻĺܴȴҲǷԼ
óξƣཹཱུĹ˼ڣлһ
̴սɱȷɱҪƣһǵԶƵġһҪ֣̼֪ƣɱš
ʹлЩĴֲڣظ̽۵ļƹһ㣬̵Ľ鲻ԽŤˮŤţлƤĦš
㻹Ҫ𣿡Ŀǰʮĵ
лһЩȣ뵽̵ǿ̷¡βһƣҵĺý㣬ʲôʱôˡ
̷𣬽˵ر¶лǰߵСûĵģ˵೤ʱûȥˣȻ˵Ҳҧ㡣ͷһҧסлıӣצҪԼ׶ֻǽĵӣòлֱײ
ҴˣҴˣý㣬ⲻȫҡлĵ
͹㣬͹㡣̲ĵһ˶ʥɺãȻ׳ȥ椣һ߾Ǻüꡣ
һ㣬ĺüꡭл
ץסлĶ䣬ĵ˵ʲôһ㣿ʲôһ㡭
ۼ̷쭣лϽóұ£ѹ£ǹжʾԼ˼
һĻ֡
ɽϸ߿գǳ׺ҹգŮ֮󣬼򵥵ϴˮ衣
㴩·վǺߣŽͬĽ
лЦȥΪȻٲÿ֮
ǴϣҲ°
ںɳ̲粢ż磬źḧźΣҲð
׿лļͷЩɢĽ忿ϣĵô꣬ǵһܹһء
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̰һۣͲˣأأŶǸʲộߺߡȻֱаָлĶͷһ£ССҾͿСɫһ
лץס̵֣ٺЦȻĻôܹ绪ǣ̽ء
ĸƨҷŹ㰡̺ߵ
ҿɲƨлδţĵǽƨƨ
ЦŰһۣϣưԼϣСѽ񣬽һ࣬ҲûʲôĽչ᲻Щʧ
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лЦȻǵãʥ׵ʱĴͼȨĽˣô˵òʥ׵־Ľ˰ɣ
̵̾ˣ൱ͣһλϣžʮʥ׵ˣ˵Σʥ׵Щ˽ˣʱϢ֮ʥ׵ҵϹ֮Ѫ˼ǿűסʥ׵ڶ
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ȻһֱǺߵڼ쳽򵺺ųƺŵɾŵҲʵǿ֮֡
ܹǧһʥıʥĵ̿Զʥ׵ܱģлʥ֪ĸףΪʦԭ˵ʦǰӣһԤֻһ룬ɱϾһļҲǳ£Խһ׼ȷʣʥѾ׳󵽷ǳµĵز
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻţʥһȫ汬ܹϹߴȴ֮κһ忹ģʥûڼ飬ӹؼ
Ϊʦԭʥûһڼ飬صزڵ֪ںܾǰ͸ذԱ֮󣬻Ԥûһڼڡ̵ĻлԷģ̿ҲǼɵʥİʦɣϾһ׼ȷʣԾܹȥҲѳڷչȥġ¶һĨЦ⣬ƵǴԤ⣬ȴʥ·Լһ׵ĺڣȻһֺħ壬ʲô塣
лһ£еĽһܹ˷ܵģȻͨĺ壬ҲӦ·ĲǣȻĻ֮ǰͨԲµ󴫻鱨ˡ
࣬Ҫ˵̫ǿĺޣȻ̫ܣɱȽƵģ̵ֲȤͨĺޣŭʲôˣķΨһĿܾȺӵģ½ħġ
лЦòǱ纣ǰɡ
㣬ô֪ģҿûнϢ̳Ծ
Ǳ纣ǣʥʵлЦ̳ԾӣЦ۵һ£Ҳµģ˱纣һᵽѪζ岻˵ǿķɱģʲôħܹ˷һء


1155  ĺ̡
纣ǣнӽ½ħǵһħޣԼ½ħһ޶˵Ϲħµ֣رǨʱһ½ħǽ뺣תڵı纣ǡ
ѪỤ̋׺ݣǱ纣ǵ
ںУ֪ĺħ裬ҲûԸ纣ǣ򱩷纣һѪĹȫսҲģѪһǰľʹñ纣ں൱Ǳ纣ҲɵϣʵǿĶֻߺޣҲȥǣں򽥽ܿȻΪϵĺ֮һ
ܹõ纣ļ룬ʥʵѾͨ˵ˣñʵķԾݡ
ʥ̣ҿǲⱩ纣ǣ±Ҫǿ˰ɣлЦ
Ϊҵ峤̺ܲԸʵҲһл֪ʥĵ̣ⱻΪǽϹߴǿʥʵʵǿаϱ纣ǣҲ޸̾ĵѾˣǿҲ˲ֹһˡ
ţлȻ̣ϵ̽㣬⻰ôź˵Ǳı纣ƺͨı纣尡
Ȼǣֻ߰սʼı纣˵
лԲϲģ
˵֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻĸӿ֣֮ʥأ̵ȵȶˣսʼȻٵĿڰ˿ӴĻǰǧ֮һδܹﵽ
ɴ˿֪һսʣҲǶףĽս쳣ϡˣ纣ǾȻ߰˸սʼһױȵ
տʼҲе˼飬Ҿȥʸסһ¶ǰ㷢Ǳ纣ʥǧǰһλֽǷƬģﷱϢĿľδ׳ʥģֻλֺδϢ޹ɥҲʹʥԴһ֪зֵġ
ʦлп
Ҫ룬Ҳ֪һʦйأȻʥȴڵʦƣʦǰӣսʱԤ⵽Ķǰٷ֮׼ȷģΪԤģ󣬵Ԥ⵽֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ棬Żдж
дҲʥʦȻΪʥ˺ܶıϣЩ͹ʥµĵ̡
һΣգʥóЩɨƽһΣյġ
ʥõʥ׵ϢҲָʥʥǵĻǾͿǿƳһаսˡлʮĵ
̵Щģս㲻ʺϲμӡظлգҵСδҪǿ߽ġ
ĽվҪδŽ۷սʣʮսģҪ볹׵ˣҪЩµȥɡ
лʹЩϵǿ߶Կ
Ҳġ
ǰ츳ǱԣȻ֤Ǳ
ʥʲôջ񣿡лʵ
Цջ񻹿ԣʥĸںߵ࣬Ҳǿ֮ϰĳͳһʥʦȻԺ޷շǶĺշ٣嵺֣ҲԺʥĵλˡ
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ϼʶ´½ңԶĺȻҲǿƳɴҲʶκ԰ѣ쳽򵺾ңԶҲӱеսҡ
رǱ¶ʥǧյˮʥǰȥ̽쳽ʵѾǧյһˣкʥ׵ƣ΢ѷɫһ㣬ǵõ֧֣չѸͣǱЩ˲ţֻʥز࣬ʥʹðٵǿߡɫ
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Ǵ̹¶ʥϣΪлȥæµȥ̽쳽鱨̵ķģʶſ£¹˪ΪһʥĹ⻪л̵ķˣһȻʢİҹٺϻ
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лĿûȥֲֻ㷢У»ţźڷĻ
Ϊ̽쳽鱨뵺£ǧŷ쳽İĵ˵֪쳽һطһ£Ƕӡ
㡭лܹ뵽̵ʱľؽ̱ڻУԺ󲻻뿪ˡ
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\ԨлȻ
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˵\ԨˣζŲ쳽ϣжȴ˵أ̵Ļڶ֪飬Ѱζˣлֵ֧\ԨʥŮа֧£\ԨȨӵһЩ뷨ġ
\Ԩ˭쳽Ӵģлʵ
Ӧ\ԨɡƺҲ̫ȷֻͨĶͨἰ˼δ˵ǴķԸЩ\ԨǷˣͺ˵ˡ
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̵ͨƿ\Ԩ̶쳽£
ûлܹһ㣬ȫУһСѰʤתΪһȨ漴Ц¼ǻ취Ǻ֣Ľ˵ɡ
Цἰ飬һ֣һ¶⣬ܷǵ棬һܹʥأһ˫ֻҺܵģϾ˴˶ǵˣжвᱻ˸䣬дɡ
ǵᣬǱɵ䣬Ҳ˵ɱĽˣǸĽлЦеĵ
̷ĶãǾͽķ˵һɣýııѾͷʲôĿġ
лָЦĿ
˵̵
лһĿģȻĽ壬ô˵Ľ嶼ѪģǴֵģǵҰҲǹϵģϢô꣬϶Ѿ൱ǿɱĽ壬ͬ棻ڶĿģǳûǺ֣ҿԶ϶Ľ֮Ȼһν棬Ȼȴһ˽ǵĴսĿạ̇̄


1156  ĺ̡
̣л̶֪֮ʵ뷨
ȻĽ֮ǰʹ꣬Ҳ⵽ԵĴĵͺĹˣڵĽȻǿȴûдﵽֵĵزֻܹĽ֮󣬱Լ
Ŀ̡
Ľ壬̲ǿֲĵˣǵǿ󣬼ʮһУȴ֮⣬ǿݣǧǰس֣ʹʥĨɱ룬ʯ䣬ǰİһĸ͸ʵڲ
лŮɫ櫸͸֮еϹߴҲɣҪ˵һЩǧҲֻʥȽ⡣
˵Ļô͸ĺĲˣһǶ֣³Ϊλʹʥܽûб͸ڣܱڲ߽⣬ġ
Ů֤һ㣬ԵĽôŵħѪɵ֯Ȼ޿ɱԾ˵ҰУʱʥҲǿƳ˽㼫пǣΧ̵Ρ
ֻҪǿôһжһƽʤԿԼǻȥȡˡ
˵Ľ壬ʥһ飬ҪΧ̣̺εȴл΢һʾˡ
лӦˣҲֻͣʥرͺ˽Ƕµרſǵĺ󻼣¿϶СģһĽ屻ǾͻʶƵı仯Ͼܹҵµܰ쵽ľǴʱ䲻Ƕ̵Ḷ̌һĽ屻𣬾ǲҲһҪֵģǵѪעǹУҲʥر֣ԲǻᣬƣעʥҪˡ
ϸһ£л˵ǰ㣬͸ʥһᣬһ׽ĻᣬͬҲǱǣΪûĽȻ֮עҪڱڵлӵľ棬ǲ֣룬Ҫ֣õİ취ٵˣȻҲʥɵģµ˻ҵϾ޻̫̬櫲ͬʶעһĽ̺ʥؾͱǰ̨
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лЦǴ½һŮҿ½һߣҲԵġ
Ŷ˵Ҳඣף¶˿˿Ĳ
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ˣ˵ķǡ
лϹĽ˵ʵĻϽı仰⣬̽㣬뿪ʥǰңǲע⣿
ţע⡣ԼлɲǰŮ飬һ£ǰʱ䣬֮󣬱ȡ˰һЩѪһεʱоѾҵƽʯڸµѪƽⷽˡ
лϲģ̫ˣ
Ѫ䱻ôʵؽ췭ظĳ仯ֱ׵սʼ磬ʱİܹ޴İڣ׸һ㡣
ôлȲʵ
Ѿˣ⻹ҪЦ˵һǰ˿һ
лЦ̽аɡ
˿ǵлаʦͼ³Ϊ̽綾ǡͻʹӶǰȥаʦͼ³ʱٰаʦͼ³еõı
ţҽڽɽҵһܵأӦϹʱĳλҩʦµֲ滨ݵʥأڶѾɳˣھͿȥժˡ˵
˵뿪졣
ʥҲٻڣһһŮ뿪죬˾ŮҲǧԶһ
Ůô㵱ʱôֵģлʵվڸ߿գȻǧ׼ңԶƾ˵ľ磬ܹԼԶĵģܹӦһ˿˿Ȼս
絽ڣڴսлԺЦŮƵˣǵصؽعƱ˴Ӷ᲻֪ٴ˰ɡ
Ҳֵⷢģ鿴Ůǲ޷µķӡз˺ǴڡЦ
˱㷭뺣
ںж
ˮѹֻܴǶȴá
˵Ҳħޣʵǿģﵽʮ۷弶ĺޣǿѹ֮£ûһ޸ڳ档
³ǧ֮˱䱸
Ǻڵĺ޾Ͳĺܹˣں׶½δκμصĺޣʵֲǳײУһЩħ츳
еǣǧԺ󣬾Ȼûһֻޡ
̽㣬ǰҲûޣлƵ
ҡͷûĺ޾֮࣬ʵҲǿƾĶͨ̽ǵϢܵġƾĶͨˣôԲǧ֮ڶûһֻ޵Ĵڣ
л̵֪ĶͨڵģѾǳĵزܹͨĶܹͨԺгֳ棬ͬһ㣬˵ûУǾûˡ
ǺûкҲԵЩơ
˼³
Լǧ׵ʱȻǿտģϢ
ʱ򣬾ʶˡ
Ӵ󣬵һɫǾǺ޵ÿһֻ޶һڻΪԼأκκ޽룬⵽ģȻӴ󣬺ޱߣǺ޸Ƕ಻ʤǽຣ̾ĵطȻûкޡ
Сĵ㣬⡣л
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ǶӵĶͨκεĶǵġ
³ǧףǿѹǵϣлɴʩչǳ̰ŵֵסӴѹѹȡ
⸽ûһֻ޵Ĵڡ̳֮ǰ϶ʲô飬ЩҪôɱҪôˣǿȥ˿ǧҪ˸ˡ
лһܷѪ䣬ɱ䣬ɾİˣǰ˿˶ߣǻҵ滨ҲǶʱܹҵģǶҪǿֵ֧лԣǺܴĴ
ǱѸٵָĵط
ܿ˱㵽һɽǰ
лƹһ᫵ĵطһƫƧĵطָǰ棬˵档
лǰɽƽЩͻȴûκεķ϶
̵ͷǰóХǹǰ㶯˼£͸ȥʯ棬͸档
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ⱾǺףˮӿѹǳǿһ˸޷ǳֳռ䣬⺣ˮȴ޷룬·һε赲һ㡣
лܸӦһ
˽ȥ
һУѹȥԪ֮Ũлɵզ಻ѣԾǣƮһɵܰ㣬ֻеȫˬޱȣ̨ˡ


1157  ʥءһ
лУŷһ˾ͨΧɽڶģܹ⻬һЩͼƣ𵭵ĹΣ·Ҫһ㣬Щͼƣϸʲôע⣬ֻΪһĵطлϸۿŷЩͼƾȻ̺ĳְ壬һֱȥȻʧصļ
˵лľʼΪĸףһߣδܴﵽԲزҪʧأǿɲ׵顣
ͼȴ
л˦˦ͷԼܵİҲûоֱǰȥɽǰվһƬͼǰ
ҪСİЩͼƿɲͨͼƣƺĳҾĴϣ֪ЩͼƾҲ˵γɣǴͼΪʼġѵ
лȻ֪γɵḶ́˵һǳ꣬ŷչģ֮ǰͼΪģʱʩչˣͼƵķĳЩֵģǳ鷳
кܶ࣬ģһǵһлָɽͼƣûʲôо·ͼƲǻȥģľһƬĹࡣ
ôˣ߰ɡ̵
лӦһȥ
ȴȻʱʱĹ۲ɽͼƣȵתĵطлͷ֣ЩͼƲ֪ǷΪߵԵʣұҲƺһ˿˿Ĺתţ֧ͼĳ롣
лûʲôоԴҲе㲻ȴףӦÿܺ͵֮ٸһУ֤𻵵ַ֮ͬ˵İ취ѧȥģ
뵽лоһⲢûпܣŮפؾפأܹھפؼǧһܵҲֵ֡
巢ֵܵأȴû¼أôͱطȻҲǷǳܵصˣܾԼġ
Сǰš
ת߸ло˽߰˰׵ľ룬ɽҲͼơ
Щͼƣÿһƺ͸ĳְ
ߣлеŵԪԽԽأǹܰҲأȫͨ͸ɣܹܰһĶҩʧȥõġ
תڰ˵ĹսǣǰȻʡ
һռǧƽ׵Ŀռ䣬ϲɽʯ̵ĲݵأЩ滨ݣһСϪѣޱͷϷһ˶ĹԴ·̫һ㣬ЩͼҲһͽǹԴ֮С
˰ɣЩͼǽһֲ滨ݵĵطЦ˵
л׿ǹԴ֮̾˽İ
Ȼİڶκ֮µڱ֣ɱ˵ġл֣ǵİ˿ǷѾɳˡ
˱ĵһСˮϡ
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һǰ˿
ͨ巺𵭵İɫΣοȥͬһ˶ĵıֱͬһЩ˿Уµģ֮˿ŶɫСɢŵ㡣
һ
ȥͬĹͨ徧Ө͸ͬһ񾭹ܹɽѾ˼ɵġ
л滨ԺвɸһС
ʱʥغͻʹӶŵάɪֻʹɼɻأȴǽˡ
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ժһ¡̵
лͷժ˿ɲô򵥣вͿһЩġ
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һ·ͼҲ٣ƬɽͼȴЩͬ滭ŵľȻһţͬʵһ㡣
ӦһţֻҲ֪ô̿
лԣְ档
ƷϣƶǾɽһ˿ͼŵһ˿˿ûаĲ
лٿض롣
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ţл۽ƳʳָǷӡżɱаġ
аܹ
ал˵ԴأڹؼʱܹƲҪʵа飬߲졣
лͨ
ܿаĻӦ
еͨа֮㸡лļ䡣
а飬\ԨˡлʵаֿҲЩˡ
аʵشһнչ˳ҽŮԼŮļ׼ս۷弶ָɱˣ̾˴ŭҲ֪ܹôϢɱ˵ģ첻ҵĽսҲû̸ֻ˽֡
лͷҪȨ·νǲҲɵӣܹΪ˵򵥣ɵ£ֵûɵĵط
ţͺáл˵ɽͼƶЩʲô
а͸л۾
үϹʱڣδγ֮ǰʩչģĵߣⷽǳĸߣҪƻģҲ޷а˵
ʲô磿ȹˣлʵ
аѾսʼˣҪһ²ܹȹ̣߽սʼ
Ǿ˵аս۷弶ˣ߽սҲֻһ֮ңˣ൱µġ
лңаʵȷǷǳľˣؼĳɳٶȣں̵ܶʱһЩͻƵģажϣԺɳΪŽսʵĻлеġ
мɰնУлʵ
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ʲôɣл㾪
Ҫ֪аս۷弶ѾӽǿߵĵزȻֻаɵϣɴ˿ɼ֮˵ʵǰ˽սʣŽսϵĿµȼˡ
лԾ̾ĴߵʵʵǴأ̽˵Ӧһš
ӦÿԴ򿪡а˵
ϴлΪϲ
аӦһռлĲٿȨаԣִĻ֮壬һռл壬ͷųŨصĻ棬һֽӽĴڣҲ̵Ĵ㵡
ɲ֪аռл塣
Ѹٵ˫һӡа֮ûһ˿˿ͷųȥ
ٿȻ䣬˫ǰһơ
ž
ӡɽ֮ϡ
̾ͿһųȵӳѸٵ͸ͼ棬ҽضͼڵ͡
ǺȱͼŻ㽥ֳĿɽھȻһȾ޴ŻڻĿš
лҲ֮ûȨ
аҲû뿪ֹʲôⷢСĽ䱸š
ʯſһŨصлϢ͸еȫĶ֮һ£Ȼһǿ
ԭ̵Ӳ΢ɳһЩһЩСԵýΡ
ռڶ鶯Ϣ
лǰȥֻǰһڵǧƽռ仹Ҫ˶ޱȵĿռ䣬ˡ桢ɽȫͼƣͼһ˿˿طͼƸӵԡ
Ϲʦʥأа龪ϲĵ
лЦҺҲ˵Ϲʦá
ʦǷչ֮󣬲ųΪʦеʦûЩͼƲʩչʱʦòսǸģΪͨЩͼƣЩϹʦǣܹıһصĻʺѵص㡣
ЩϹͼʦʥأǶܸκ߷ɵģϹﵮ֮ʦеһϹͼʦʥأҲͷġ
ųʥصĵطҪֹ
лվſڣһҲܸеȫ̹͸һƮȻɵĸоԪܴ࣬⣬ԪȻŨȴʣҪдܹתɶġ


1158  ʥء
ǰ⴦ʥأлɵЦ
֮أʥЩҪڱչزܹȹ̾սʼǵɵбչصĻôǳصʱ䶨ȻҪսʼֳصʱǰһ£µʱ䡣
ҪСʱ䣬㹻лȨռϷġ
ʥأлԣֱرҪӵʵӵá
Сô򿪵ģ̳Ծĵ
Ѿժ˰˿
ܡл̣תһ룬û¶аĴڣǿǹװĪӣһ̽۵֪ǿҪıඡ
ðǽһ¡֣̽һ¾ץסлĿɡ
лԲеҴˣ㣬קˣҪػˡ
ߺߣС㻹Ҫұ֡ץ˸òл͹ǵ㽫ٶƵ
㽫аϸϸĸ̣˵Ҫܰаˣ㣬ûκˣΪͨռ壬һ£򲻵ѣǲᶯģа鱾γɾɵģĳɳٶȷǳ죬δѱΪʮսʣĵ֮һ
̰һֶۣ𣿡ſƣлУΨһ֪аڵģǶ֪
֪лᶨĵ
ż⣬л촽һ£ЦܸˣǣԺŬŶ
лֹɶ͵ġ
ͨʥء
˵صԪ֮棬ֱ޷ݣŨĽ̬ĵزлܻɣΧͼԪ۳Һ壬ֱӿȥˣٶȾԾ˵ġ
Ҫһʱ䣬ܹͻƵġϲĵ
лЦ軹ŮפڣȻҪȥһˣô飬ҪʩչıҲϰ׷ϵҪˣʱٻ̽ɺá
ţҲãҪѪҲô׵飬˰˿Ҫһ޹ǣŮ巵أȥѰ޹ǣȻΪѪ䣬֮ʵݣȥŮפغ䶯졢֣ǻϣ̸ͬΧĽ顣˵
̽ô񰡡лЦ
̵ߣҾµûŵʱ򡣡
лԣЦİο
̽㣬˵޹ʲô֪ʲôطУлʵ
ǧյ˵һ֡
лǧյĵطûУҡͷɵЦˣҪȥǧյһˡ
ЦĶ֣ͨκζ͵ĳ
ǲ˴۴лЦ
˵Цǰȥ
⴦ռ㣬ҽӽǧƽףÿһطͼƣʹԪŨ
ߵмĵطлͷһЩ֮ͬ
Ȼһƴͼơ
ͼƳԲΣϸĻ֣ᷢͼƺһѭԲȦÿһͼƶһµϢ
ʲôˣʵ
лָͼƣϢƺе顣
飿ĸӦһ£ͷˡ
лóƬӰıĵšߡۣͬͷųϢͬŨ
𣿡л
е񣬵ֲ񡣡ü
лΪ籾Դ͵ħıԴͼͷųĿϢ籾Դǳơ
̾һ𣬵˵ͼһ籾ԴΪģһΪĵģ
籾ԴȻֻһߣɰ˵˼԰쵽ġлǷһ˿Ц⣬ûв´ĻӦ彨ģ磬һ籾ԴҲǿġ
ܵأȻûмȥɼطڵУҲǷǳҪģ֪˲డ˵
лͼ档
һ߱Դ֧֣棬ܵϢӵǿңһּ̱չأٴͻƵĳ嶯
̽㣬㰲ҴŮ飬ͻ㡣лס̵磬˵
Ҳ֪лæûһϢҪæµҲûʲôǿ󣬱۾ҡ
лͷصȥ
һл뿪
ǰؼǰֻ׼սʼλʥҲ׸ﰲȺѪ䣬ָɡ
лԭ·뿪ˡ
߳ͨɽʯйرա
л˼뿪˵ء
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ո뿪ڲٶףлĶͨʼտţĿ뿴Ƿʲô֮Ͼûκκ˸оܲȴᵽһɷǳǳѪζ
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Ͷûкźܴɻл˳ѪζԴȥˡ
֪ǴʥضİǾ޴ģطҲҪܣϣвأҪŪΪʲôûкޡ
ŷѪζĵطǧס
лᵽѪζȻأٵǰٶ죬ȥǧףᵽԽԽصѪζ
ɫ
Ҫ֪Ǵ󺣰κѪױɢģѪζȴ֮أɢܿ£ͱѪ֮ء
л䱸ó˼ȭ״ϣɵҲץţʱ׼ʣȫĶҲСĽѪζŨصĵطƮȥĶͨȫ濪Χ
Улǰ߰˰׵ĵطź΢ϸĺѷֱĳѪζصĵط
лǰ
ǰһٶףȴʧˣѪζҲͻȻϡܿ쾹Ȼûˡ
лʶһЩ
ǰ
ܿͿһˮݺܳһ򣬼֮׺ڶģ˸ʲôֻƾӦĲ
лŽһƬڣɫûеĹ֣Ƿһ˿Ц
ڼκһ˾ܹʩչһʩչܹһУǷٴ飬Ҳ޷֪ģи棬ζ
л֪ӦݵĿôݵȻŨصѪζɵǷĳֹ롣


1159  Ѫ顾һ
к֣ܶһʦݵʩչģһУ𵽱ãʦҲܹ͵á
ǰлУûôˣܹоĵбɫȴܱлľ΢̽һ£ܹ֪еޡ
ǿڲ֪ﵽŶٸֵ£лҲäĿϾĿó޵ĳ֣һսʼģ˭ܸ˵ûһսʼĴء
Ϊȫлг嵽棬ץ˼ֻޡ
Ȼٸ
Ⱥ޶˹
أأأ
Щ޵ļ𲢲ܵͣģҲ൱ι㽫俪ˡ
лҲ˲ӰĿڵΡ
ķΧǳ֮
ɼռӳлеȫʬ壬޵ʬ壬෱࣬вͬȴﵽлҪȻĵزΪһƬݵطͶ˵߶ȣİ׸ߣЩ޵ʬȻͬһɽ
ÿһ϶˿ڣƤڣҲڣȴеĺʬ嶼Ǹɱģûκεˮ֣ѪҺƺ˸ˡ
лĵһӦǡڣΨǵֶβ̣ҴĿҲ֪Խе̵ͨĥռǵԹѪġ
ҲǳȡĺѪ
ಣ
һӰ·
ǿֵģлڰĶ֮ͨ£ܹ·һЩ̸޷ǾСģȵԴǡ
֮ǰЩȻлߡ
ﵽĺޣʵǿܹԣǻۼߵģȻɵǿЩ޸ɱʬУȻʮĺ֮󣬸µҪ˲˿µѪԶȥ
ǵߣЩ鿴֮˵ע⣬׷ȥ
лķЩ˺ȻĽ壡
ÿһ˶Ǳ˫ɷڣһŨصѪϢƸոմѪ߳һ
ԴˣлͷһĨǿҵĲ
ĽȻŮ֮ĵطܾݵ㣬ҿǵľٶƺҲǱô򵥵ģĳıǡ
лʩչٶȣѸٵĽС
ط㣬ڶĺʬռλãл֮صģɵı·ҵط
ʱлŷ֣Ȼ߰˰Ľˡ
кȻȱ׼ս۷弶Ľˣʵ͵ҲʵлҲզ಻ѣǿд룬ֻһ·ߣʵǶԷʵ̫ǿˡ
ʩչҪѪ̫Զᱻ˷ֵģһ˫ʵȻһֻſսʼ׼ս۷弶ǿ߿ڵ
ضˣûһĽ˵
ΪضĽߵûҲѵ㲻֪һ˷֣˵ζʲô
Ľ˿ضĿ͸һɱ⣬Ͻ
ֱʱضɫĻΧ֮ˣǿ֪εĿġ
ҪѪϴŮǲӡĽ˻ش
Ȼ֪ӦףȻͶǣ˷ΪĽǰأǵĸֽפ֣ʥǵĸ֣ǰȥǾóɹжϣض
Ľ˵ǵĴ󲿶ӻں棬ӦÿԸشɡ
ضߵ̫ˣڷչ׳ѵ˼ҵͣǰ𣿺ο֡
ǡĽ˵
ضûлӦһָǰɽĺ޸ɱʬ壬ǿ֪ΪʲôǲԺޣȡ޵Ѫ
һЩãȻҡͷ
֮ǰض̸Ľ˲ȷĿ˲ǴѪɣ
ûҾҪѪ飡ضͷ
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䰵лҲһü
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˵ĺܶԣʹʷֹֻһѪʹֻѣʲô취ʼûѪʹ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ضǷһ˿Ц⣬ΪɱΪѪʹǰǣΪĽ壬λܹɾѪʹ֮ȻɱΪĽ壬ֻΪʹΣͷûע⵽ע⵽ҲǳսˡΧĽˣ˷ǴȫɱΪѪʹսؽ̵ǲɸһش󲿶ӵǳ𡣡
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Ʋ࣬ǰл֪ѪʹһЩ˵һȫɱΪѪʹĻôЩ˵ʵͽһηԾٶĽ֣пȫӵʮʮ۷弶ս
˵֮Ѫӡ⵽Ƴκһʵ˭˵ԼܹóʮǸܵģϾʮҲģǷǳ޵ģЩĽˣɱΪѪʹҲǸ˾ﵽֻսﵽѡ
˵ĻǷǳµģ䲻Ĺʥǡǡ֣פУҲһ⵽ǳصĴģοڰϡ
⼸εжŮڵĸѾʧ࣬ɾԲᱻһϴɾģȻ©֮㣬ټҲȻ̰һˣʶһж롣
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ٵѪ飬ǵɱӳ٣ɰ֪ͨŮĸǣǰΧˡ
⣬лš
ЩĽѾʼæµҪѪ顣


1160  Ѫ顾
ȡ˴ĺ޾ѪЩѪҺǺѪľڣ𿴺ܹ࣬Ľ˿еѪо⣬ȴǷǳϡ٣ɽĺ޸ɱʬ壬ѪѪȴֻװһ׶೤һ׶ĳӣȫЩڵѪҺ
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˴Ѫ飬ĽһöŷǳѪ顣ضɫأϵĵҲʲô磬ΪľΪѾﵽֵزڿʼľܷʲô飬ɱľĻǱؽѪƣΪѪū
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ѪĽһѪˮһöͨԲ󣬳ѪɫӣҴСԲѪڷ


1161  Ѫ顾
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ܵùǣ쳽ǫױײˡ
֤ݵȻóֻҺ֪ó֤ݣ֪ϸô죿԰ɱ޶֤أǴɱڣǴҶɱˡ֪Լվں棬쳽ǫһ¶С
˿֣оӿһɭɱ⡣
ɻľǰ
׻ô˵ǴĵߣðɣҪɱ˵˼
ı֣Ҳ̴Ů֡
ЩŮ˶Ǵ˿ȵˣȻо˿ɱӿҲ׷𽣣չһɷڣһɱ
ĺ֮˼״׷߳
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׺ǫ˿ȵĵˣҳСл̾һӷ˳
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εѹȣΧЩŮһ͸ĸоȵӲǲò
лֱڴ˿һ˵ϡ
εѹѹ£ʱ˿ЩϢϾʵҲս磬лܹɱ׼ս۷弶׼սʼ֣ûпɱԣͱѹȵҪϢ
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쳽ǫ׷Ҳִ˿ȵ״ƺе㲻Ȼ˵Ů岻£ȻǿƣеЩ֣ۼлѯʣ˶ԥˡ
ߣѵм١˿ߵ
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쳽ǫױеƣһлĻ˲Ŷлġ
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⻰˵˿ȲѪ
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Ǹڴ˿ԵŮּ״뵽лı֣ƾѹȵҪϢĶ֣µùľˣſڴ˿ȵĶСֹ䡣
лĶͨչŮ˵ϣҪǼƽˣվҪȥ֮ʥιۣ֮ʥƣȻԿǣʱһоͶðˣֵĻٵʵ̫̬ˣµùĻǰҲŮ治ϡ
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лЦѣȻ֪ˣ͵ʧܰɡ
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˿ȵλҲ֪ˣ̺ĽһЩٶΪ˱֤λİȫҪλ뿪ظԵĺ
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1164  Һ
˶֪ʵл߳ڳһ飬ʧôã뿪ĻȻ뵽лӦŮıӹص֡
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˭лٿɷ˵˿ЩԾĵ
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лǰЦ˵Ϊı϶ϰһģϾϰݣڻܲ¶Ͳ¶ĺãڰıȻƶϣȴ֤ݣǿӳٱ¶һʱġ
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֮ΪһģܹѸٵͻƾ磬ԸߵܹǿԪĸӦٶȣôƿȥлţܹһЧƽһµЧ
лȻ˷ѡ
ҲûڷϾҲ˶ҺĻͻȳȡԪעġ
ӵлҲı֣Ȼ뿪Ů壬ŮĺУѰһԪԱȽϳСȶһĶͨȫ濪ʼӦΧȷ֮óƿҺ


1165  ٶȡһ
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ʹ˺ȥģлԺжȻ̡
ҩʦ˵ЩĴϣΪʦģ˵ĻƿҺܹоɷֵģĻɴģҺʥ˵Ȼô
뵽лƿҺ
ڿ飬ѾȻ쵽ʥǣӴȥǣһ˵ˡ
ʣµƿҺлԥֱӽƿҺԼĿС
ƿܰҺڣڳ㣬Һ˳ſǻ£Ѹٵӿ֫ٺǽȫÿһҺһƮȻɵĸоͬʩչһ㣬ʱܷȥΪǴ˵еħ
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˵Ԫ΢һ£лҺ壬Һڻ壬ʹл·һر۷ɢҷĻ䣬۷ؼԪ
Һһ˲䣬ԭֻ΢ŨһЩԪȻ䣬ƽ˷йһ㣬ԲǧڵԪһԶĶһص˺˹һ㡣
ɲǼ䣬л͸еС棬ʵġ
ԪŨĽ

лһԪڣĶתҲԪɽڡ
ֻһ˲䣬л͸еԼĶһ߳ɳ
Ȼ׼սʼλľ磬һ·鼶¾磬ֱܹͻƵġ
֣ҺЧǲǺõЩˣлϷе㲻Ծˡ
ȻҺԪЧãԶû̬ĵزȻĻŮҺ֪ٸˡ
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ǷҺãܹѸʵǶлϣ飬ȷûʲô֮󣬱ȫĵĳȥ˶·һѣԪ
ڸ߿չ۲죬ͻ֣ᷢСƱһڶԲ԰ڵԪܵĳȡƹһ㣬ϵС۹ȥڳȡٶ̫ݣʹһЩطȻ˶ݵա
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ʱлҲ֪ˣҪȥԪ飬ΪԪƵۼֻҪĴԪеʣ¾תΪɡ
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εлоԼһͻƣǺңԶ顣
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ĺ޸ʵֳ
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һֻ޷лûʲôӰ죬ﵽǧֻѸ͵ͣǧֻһʱлɵԪͿʼˣδ͵Ѿ;ˡ
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̼䣬ͷŴǧٱа˾Ű׸ߣͬһɽ㣬ڸ߿գͨ嶼ɢ޾ѹƵǧףлߵϢŷһӱǧΪ֮ɵֵķ׷ӡ
𣡡
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һĻлͷ𵴲ѣֱҺܹǣ˱̬Ԫ޻еϵоǣ޻Ȼвٿؼȭ״ӿռָһƺڱ޻귢һЩ仯
ֵֻĹؼʱ̣л˷ʱ䡣
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޻ƺҲ֪л˼ûдǰȻУ·̤Ʋʣ׵绷Ƶػޡ
ĴڣЩ޲ҿ
лԪʵǿЩ֣ףԾףԾԪ񱩵ĳԶǶԣͬǺûᣬ˾γǧѵһĿ澰
ĺ޸ӦԪı仯Ļ۹ȥԽԽ࣬ؼǳȡԪ̫ѸͣһЩطգȻľĺۼȥ˾ʹСΧԼķΧڣȻۼ֮ĺޣȫһܵӣԪԶԶȥͬһ
һĻ˵ע⡣
Ůˣ⵽̺ĽĳѾûĿҲʵΧɳѲԱ˷龰ȻҪǰȥ鿴һġ
һ޻ע⡣
޻һ𣬱޵ĲΪǻҪǺˣ׷׵ķŭ飬ǲ֪мʮϰĺһŭֻŮѲԱѪˡ
ЩлȻֻ֪ǰĵϵԼ
ʱһһĹȥ
лԪҲʼˣٶȴ죬Щʱлʶ˾ҺĹ֪ͣҺȷ˸Ԫã˵Ҳ죬ƿҺˣܹ֧СʱѾˣڻȻа
ֱճԪıŻָƽ


1166  ٶȡ
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ˬĺ棬л۾һ£޵ţ·εӣͬһ㣬Ƭ֮䣬Ȼӳȥǧ׵ľ룬лҲͬؼһӡ
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һ̵лĳΪء
һ壬Ǿغһ
лĸеԼ񲻶չﵽһ֮󣬱ٿȻĹӰѸٵĺУǧڵһжޱ

һл۾ǻգȻһЦƽճˡ
лȥĲٿأѾĺںΪһԽĿлҲӯ·û˽Ӵһ㣬建Ʈ
սʮ׵ĸ߶ȣؼķƺܵӰ죬׷׵л۹ϵתţš
ӰҲޱΡ룬ǧУű𺳡
𣡡
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صסȻдŮڴˣԻǵİȫϾ̺Ľ嵷ҵľԽںܺã˭֪ǷǣҲкֵĲʶϢΪһĶûС
л
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лɾͿͬˣԼƿҺԪ̬ĵزһҹʥڵĿޣʵýݣǰĿԽһڵлţһĻᣬܹﵽͻƵıԵȥ׼սʼλ硣
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ƿҺԪСϻҪһЩԪȴ൱ޣȻνлԵģҲˡ
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ǣҲûͻơ޻Ƶĵ
лûͻƣ
һûͻƵĻ޻겻ڵȭ׵ģϾܹڣܹţԼȭΪģָˣǼȭûлָôҲӲˡ
ұΪҿͻƵģڲ֪ҵһжǺͼȭǣģָҾԶ޷ͻƣָҾǴﵽ۷ڣҲܵǣƣɶӲֻ񲻾ǰֻܿħеѹЩޣĴսҸǶ֡޻Ƶĵ
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ȫ淢ӳһ磬ܹ׼սʼ۷ָڷӵȴǶ֣̰֮ͬˣɽǰȴ޷õһܡ
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޻ˣҲᱻΪŴ֮ĵʮˣǵʮ䣬ޱ棬ͨҲɽģɵ޻Ѿﵽսʼģϣ

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лЦ֪ˣҲֻһˡһתֻع鵽棬ٶȴƽһˣ˵ɣô£ҺûǰЧġ
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Ԫޣ
ǣԪİ취
лһǿҵֱѪ飬޻Ѫ޻꣬ƺеһشת۵㡣
ԪǣԪİ취ǷʱʹãлѹеļҪĳڴļ顣
ȻԣֻҪûܴܹʱ˴һָС޻ᶨ˵ֻٶȿûôˣαȽ⣬һΪҺãһؼǣǸСӦԪ޴ֻû
лЦҿûô̰ǰٶȣĻһ֮ھпܳ׵սʾˣǲʵġ
޻Ȼﲻĵزаգ˵ٶȴﵽĳɵĵز
ٶȵĳɣ
л͸еԼҪɤˣġ
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1168  ֶΡ
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˿ȵ˿뿪ŮҲֻһΣȥʹʥʹʥӴҲӦòɣйӴ
Ҳ֣Ҵδ٣ȴһʶĸо˿ɻĴлҵĸоģһʲôط档

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ѣصزһ£ӦǸһսԳֵģľǿºƳ쳽ǫЦ
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˿֮ʥģҲŮеܹ֮ʥģ˷ΪٿһսľлģǵҪеʱһǿ󷴵Ȼлӿ

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⡰ߡǡǡǴŮ屻ıߵģҡߡۻǱһЩ
лΣԺзһͷò۾ＤһЩɣ


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ɴ˿ɼлεٶȸ죬ӵѸ͡
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֪˶೤ʱ䣬лоԼٶȴͻƵıԵȻﵽ׼սʼλͻƵıԵ
بǰ谭ǿҡ
ֻҪȥͽ׼սʼλľ硣
䡭
л˷֮࣬Ҫȫ֪ʱȴаľݽ
ǾԭȻûйԵģȴ֪ľȻٶȱֱָлҲǿΪǴǿҵĻԡ
лԺиһս׿櫵Ӱ
⾫裬ҲΨܹƿأôھǲһеҪˣôǷΣˣ
ˣлԲǵ裬뿼ǡ
лֹͣ
ˣֻҪһСʱͿͻƵġ޻꼱æȰ裬ֻ̫ѵˣ뿪֮ʥ˿Ҫ൱ʱͻơ
лᶨҡҡͷ
벻ˡ
Σ޻Ҳֻܱ죬عȭףлռָһıԴ
Ȼֻһߣⶫ̫ˡ
л˷ѣóƬۣСߡȻһͷų൱Ϣ
Ƭ˳ģһһͬ⡰ͷųһ㣬һߵ籾Դ۹ȥ
ֻһ籾Դ롰ڣʱͬˡ۱ǲ谭һ㣬һǿĿϢһ±ųӿȵģȻ˿ȡߡͷų
ġۺ͡šۣƽ
лöۣףߡ۵ľȻ֮ʥͷųһ籾Դ
ԣԣԭҲ籾ԴеħıԴΪʲôһ籾ԴǷųŨصĿϢأлһĨ⣬ѵƻƽ⣿
۾ͷǳأһıԴ˹ƽ⣬ڣһȻǴƽ⡣
䡭
ľл˼·
ƬȻǿҺ̬
˷ʱ䲻ȴл൱ĴѾﵽ׼սλͻƵıԵٿصҺ̬ҲӦ
лĿ侫⣬Ǿȵƣ
һŭȣҺ̬񱩳
䣡
ѾƵľĲʣ
УǴӷ֮ʥųĹҲ֮ʧлͷ֮ʥ³˵С
лĿ磬в鿴衢쳽ǫһŭĿӣֱֳŮֶţûн֡
վλԵһսʼ׿櫡
˷ֱվڷ֮ʥǰ
ֻ׿ɫЩѿĿĶл¶һɭɱ⡣


1171  ɱսʡһ
һսʣսδ֮ǰǿģܹɾսʣҲȻ׿櫵һݽоӣ˵ӣǰЩΪ̺Ľ嵷ҵʱӶŮԴˣ֮࣬һɱ⡣
˷Գ֣¾󷨣Ȼ˿ȵҪϣְܹͨ취лˣ׿櫵иɱˡ
Ҫûɱˡ
Եлһ֮˻ɣϾǾ˴˽Ļܲʵǵľľ޴ˣǾ־Ȼû˿ơ
Żȥ̽
Ȼ衢쳽ǫ˵Ĳ˶ţ˶սֻ׿ʵ̫ǿһսʵһѹȵһϢֹ
ȻڶԿڲ֮ʥ׿ĵ
лɫȻش
ֻǿ˿ȺѦӦ
Ȼ׿櫵ʵǿŮǵģ˿׿櫵ĻҲˣлǳû֮ʥеΪлȻ׿Ӵľвеģǵл͸˷֮ʥİ
Ҳѹ룬ϾлԵ츳Ǳбֵʵ̫̬ˣʶԳȥ²ġ
صֻǸһСʱι۷֮ʥȴʱȥ¡˿ɫҲͨпƣȻ÷֮ʥգھʧܣȻͻɺܲĺ
лȻǴ֮ʥ¾ָôͣ
쳽ǫЦжֽţʴϣֻͨǲιǵõµ𣿺ٺ٣ҿδذɡ
˿ۼһжҴɫ쳣ѿ
˫֪⣬ɶʶĲȥƣ˴˱ల£һƵĻǾһˡ
ߣ
һս׿һǿҵɱϵʹĿȻñĺ紵ͬĵһ㡣
׼֡
ɶ֣Ѧ
˿ȿЦѾˣҲû취ˣɴǰɣǻл͸ƿغŵ
ˣ̵ڼ黹ڣһô̵˾ͻὫϢݵŵ˾ͻ뼫˵ı֮ˡѦѵ
Ǹô죿˿ȵ
ѦһĨЦ⣬ߣ뿪֮ٶ֣£ǺŵʣҲƵĽ̵ϡ
˿ԣ΢΢ͷ
ǿһ˫£ƵĻһк˵ƿǱǲеĻնɱʬ𼣣Ƶ̺ĽϣϾһֱǣ鱨ʾŮפصĸҲȫ˵ùȥ
׿櫡˿ȵ
׿ѹһеɱ⣬ϡ
ǱϾǵĹʲôǶҪԭǣȻ˻˵Ǽģ߰ɡ˿ȵ
׿櫻ǲޣɿ˿һ䲻ʲô˼
лĶͨѦ˿ȵ̸Ļˣ²ɵһЦȻˣǿԿɱˣлҲûйķϻȻ˵Ǿ͸ˡ
дв֮λ¡˿Цݵ˵
лɫȻ׷ȥ
˿ȡѦҲԵһ¡
һ뿪Լһǧ֮󣬲ŷֵģ꽨ƵŸ³ȱ뿪ˣǲ˳·ġ
λлҲǣֿж㿪ڵ
쳽ǫصʲôԸ
лӼˣλŮ巽ɵط뿪𣿡
ѵǻҰɱֲɣ쳽ǫߵ
ңΪʲôңȫǱ˸ɵġл˵ҽλҪŸ·ҸطȽϺá
쵺ӢһƬвĵط
лָָҿԽʱҲãȥҲԣ˵ޣЩޣֻҪƣǲġ
صĻţһˡ쳽ǫ˵Ӧֱ
ͷҲ뿪ˡ
˷׷Ч¡
Ƭ̣˶ֱ뺣
Ů壬ѩܹƶϳȴܽ뺣׹ΪǺ޵硣
˵ǱȽº͵ģϷЩײеģǵطͻ𱩶ġ
ǣл̵ǰȥ
Ȼڵһˡ
׿櫣
ڿ˵Ůǿһˣл㽫նɱҲǳڱƵĶҪŮˣһΪԱݽŮ׼
ϣͬΧĽ壬ƻѶ
Ůǰء
֮ǰЭ飬л䶯졢֣ҪϣҲǵȻһġ
лעҪȥŮ塣
׿ȻйĶԿ͸׿һϳĿܣϾлľȽ⣬Һ̬ģԺױϣûܹƵģһЩ׼սʼĸ֣лҲ⣬ƫƫ׿һսʣھоʶΪԼ
лǽΣնɱҡС
ɱ׿櫡
ͬģŮҪԸЩԺŵĸ֣лҲΨ׿櫲ܹʸҲעⲻһս
˴ŰСʱлͣ
׿ˡлĵ
Ҳ֪Ȼһл֮ǿ֮һ׿ǰĻᶼûУ֮ǰ׿ɱһ޷ֿͷʶȤ˿ˣҪСİ
лЦŵͷתԶ׿ʱȻ˱仯˶ͬʵ񵶣ȫս⣬ҷ΢΢Ʈһ˫ӷʵʵĹâգ׿櫵Ŀлð˫ֱ磬΢ֿ̤ա
ؼ䣬һСлȴ·ؼһܹشһ㡣
׿櫿쭵ٶҲˡ
˲Ϣǧףͻأڿվ쵽ǰ󷢲֮Զ趼һֿռŤĸо
ڵң׿櫱лֱӡ
лĵڵ
ˣ̫ˣ׿櫳
пʱлʳָ׿櫹£ְɣҪ˷ҵʱ䡣
ӣһ´׿櫵ŭ
䣡
ӰȻ׿櫵ϱɲǼ䣬׿櫾ͷ·һɽɢѹ͸ϵɱ⡣
ܵƵǣԭƽĺ涸Ȼҵķ
սʼֻƾΪ֮ȻͬȻǧ׵ľ룬еһϢ
˹лܹЩġ
лĿ׿櫣Ժޣħͬһսʼʱոտ׼սʼλ磬֮⣬ܣΨٶȽնɱʵȻﵽ׼սʼλͻƱԵ׼սʼλҲֻһ֮ңʱ壬лͨ׿һս
ڳлսǿԭǳʵ񵶣ͬǽطֿǿʢ۷ʱ̵񵶣ʩչлϾһǿƿձȥ
ƾȻͬһ񵶣ء
ߣ
׿һһͷɫ㷢Ʈѩ׵չһɿγɣϯ֮ˮγһˮ֮
䣡
ײȻ顣
˶ûܵƾС


1172  ɱսʡ
̽һ£ƾУ˶ǽ׿櫣뿴һսʣǿǱ׼ս۷弶ָֹ߳һģҪ˵֮еţţܹһֻֽ׼ս۷弶ֻɱ
лȻûռϷ磬Ծ
лߴӲͦӰͬɽΰư磬⣬һ׿ȥ
ÿһһεɢȥµĴҲᷢһ죬ˮֱ죬ͬǰƣǰƳѹԡ
׿櫣Ůնͼҵȣұｫɱл߱˵ƴͬգ𶯵ı̺죬󵹾Χǧ֮Զ
л˵ѹ£趼Ѫڡ
ɱսʣ
һɱ£лٿȻ֣ն׿櫱һȭȥ
˫Ŀ磬չȶţ˻裬ûж֣һһëɫĹâյġ͡ɱȥ
ȭëѵ죬гһ貵Ĺâ˸󺣸ͬŭһ㣬˰ΧţΧ졣
Ƶ磡
лһٶȻչֳһ֮䣬ʮ׵ľ룬Ƶ׿櫵ĽǰһХ˳ȥ
ȭͷ䣬˷ƲΪ֮޹⣬ˣһը졣
л֣һȭŤһռ䡣
ǣ
лһȭ׿櫵ɫӵˣûѡȭͷӦѸٵó𽣡
ŮıΪ𽣡
ÿһ𽣶ǲǾĴëʶ𽣶Ů˵һЩѪĸоܹӳǿս
׿˫սѸն¡
ȭϼ졣
˵ͬʱһƮɳȥ
һսʣˣлסΣ˵ƾȻڴﵽ۷£ٶһأѹأѹס׿櫵ӡ
֮ǰһսʼĳ޴սԿܣǶֻ֣ٶȣǰһ󲽣ȻﵽͻƵıԵٶ׿櫶ԿȻδʤ
ܣƽֱ֣仯лԣȻһĵ

׿櫶Ϻȣ
ٶȲ죬׷ļޣӽл֣գۼʮ˽
ʮ˽ٶȿ쵽˼£ͬһնƵء
ˢˢˢ
һƬ裬콣Ӱ¡
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ûжκαǴȭͷ̼ͬʮȭȥ
ʮȭǰȭ
˿ȥʮ˽һƥĽն£ʮȭҲ۳һ޴ĽӲӵȭͷҳȥ
䡭
ʮ춯ʮ˻ȫӲӲ
ȻƾС
ɱңƺал
׿ߵɱͬС
δأ
лٿȻǰ벽ͷҷȻҵ趯˵͸׿櫵ϣһٶ׿櫸еһ˿ѹĺὣǰȴлֶһץ
һĨâ
ʱƾճ׿櫵ͷϷ
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
һֱлʩչʱ侲ֹһ˲ϢԵ˵Ҳǰ벻Ҫ̵ʱ䣬ϾԵĵ̫ǿˣ׼ս۷弶ĸ֣ʱ侲ֹ֮£ܹʮ֮һоܹƽֻҪ㹻Ϳƽ⡣
ڲͬˡ
лڷ֮ʥڣ֪Լע֮ܲʥʲôٽݾʱ塣
ţʱŻڣȫµ
ֱӵ־ʱ侲ֹʱӳ
ʱָ׿櫵ͷϷãǾΪһսʼǻǰһգ۵ĹƳ
ȴӲӵʱ䡣
룬ĸ˵Ȼ㹻ɱˣֻǰĹлѾɱĽǰҽǿİȭ֮߱ʩչ˳
һȭһ֡
һȭͬһþƽӳһ㡣
ո׿ʱۼȫֻǿ߳ɵὣֵ
䣡
һȭ֮£׿櫱㱻ļѪֱ۷飬һʹα󵹷ɳȥ
һҲ֤лĶ
ȭ
лȺʩչĶǰȭ
ȷȭ׿Ҳǰλϰݣʥ֮񱩾л
л׿櫼е
֪̫ˣ
лһ˿ϢĻᣬƵȫ淢ӣһ⣬󣬱ٶȻȭ
ȭ֮սƣ
䣡
ȭûʱȫ׿ٶȱĵɳȥҲûҪ룬лٶ̫죬쵽ûжʱȥɱģֻǿԿ
ɱ
лȫ⣬⣬ŵȵʣͬһˣƥķǿ
䣡
һȭʢȭǰȭľɱ׿ڳܲסһѪ
ǧ䣡׿櫿˻һ˫չ£֮ëȫϢ·һѰѷļ⵶׿櫵Ķ
ҪƵһС
ʱ侲ֹ
лЦһٶʩչ׿ƵҪһУʱƾճͷϷ
ϴαȻ׿֪һôͽٶ·磬ûлᷴˣ֮£ֻѸٺˣӻʩչǧ䡱ƵĻᡣ
ľٶлᡣ
žž
ȭҵѱлС
׸ڵڱ
Ҫɱˡ
ǧ䣬ǧɱʱֵ׷𣬱ŭ׿ںޱķӳǿһ
ݡ
ëǿĶХǵصлûжܵĿռ䡣
ͬʱ׿ȫԼһƵı֮һεĽȫ
лЦˡ
Ա˵ֱֶ޿ɶֻܱȵֵͬлŷġ

һΣƻһ̴ڷķ϶С
νеĵڶʽҪƮ٣׽͸һʽԴзС
ʣ콵ưô꣬ˮעʲô϶ԣ
ǰѰˮķ϶УմһˮëлУǿ϶ֱ̫ˡ
ɵشȥҲ͵׿櫵ǰ
ף
лûжöֱӾһȭ
ȭ׵ļӳ֣׵ٶ̺Ŷػȥ
׿Ҳŭȳ

𽣵ȥ׿ҲĵˣԾǣǰ𽣾ȻһЩѺ۷϶
׵ֲ֮о˿־塣
趯üȭףף׿սƽ֣мӳֵȻлռϷ硣
׿櫣лȭٴ
ױɱ
ȭ⵶˿Ͼȭ׵ţɵѷɫҲ١
ն
׿ҲʩչǿĶ

һĲǧף׵㣬лһױɱ𽣴ٶȳѺۣ֮ȭͷĴ׺֮ϣ͸׿櫵ϣ𽣵Ĺ׿櫵ˣǸëѣƯ
ǿ׿Ѫˡ
леٿȻǰͻѵ𽣱ײ˷ȥ̽ץȥءһлץס׿櫵Ĳӡ


1173  ɱսʡ
лֻսʼ׿櫣
һĻ뵣лȫɵˣлɵҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
ϸ֮ǰս跢֣һʼлȻռ׿櫹ʱҲû·磬ڸס׿櫵Ĳӣʵ̫֮ˡ
Ŀǿˣòűһ仰֣̬
ڼ츳˵ҲǷǳԸģлı֣Ͷˡ
̫ǿˣ
ʵлҲЩ⣬ΪܹƾǴٶܹ׿櫣̶ȣ֮࣬Ҳе˷ܣʵ˰

˲䣬׿櫵ľ𵽹ؼãֻ֪ҪԼһʧ񣬾Ϳ뼫˵ıУ֪
ŬԼ侲Ҵ߶ȫĶĻڲ棬ԼȫıֵлһɱЧ
ĺǿ׿櫲òʵ
лĵ֤һ̣ҵλһսĺٸսʼǿ߶
裡
ǳ裡
׿ͬ˵ڳһǶܣ¶ɭ亮⣬Ŀĺ⣬ɭɭĵ㻹ûлʤ
𣿡лЦȻ
ж赲Σ׺Ͷĵӣмȭ׵ȻԼܹš׿櫵Ĳӡ
ѽ
׿櫱ļϢƴĵֿͬʱǿؼҲıҲڱ

һֱ׿ĵطԴӳʼǾ쳣ҪȳǿĶ࣬ޣھųĽоھ˸ֶΡ
ÿÿѣҲǾ߽Σġ
׿ͷҲԼĻǿľ棬һͷ·εķ籩ͣ͵ĳлȥǿҵĻͬһѸֵתŷɳȥһ㡣
ɱ
עһ׿櫷Ƶؿ˻
ӿҲΪƵسɱУñŰ壬гԵķлȥ
׿櫵۾ɳȥˡ
Ұ֮ں˸ɱ죬ԭӰľ·ʵĴڣһѾɵ䵶תŴ۾ڱȥ
˾룬˱ɱһҲ̼лҵı
лٿصҺ̬٣Ҳֻľ̫ݵģʵܹٿصҺ̬ͷǳĿɹۣѾӽһսʵľɲҪǣѾľҺ̬ġ
νҺ̬Ǿ˵ͬȵľҺ̬ľҪǿʢֹͺʥһǱͬն
ܵ׿櫷񹥻ĸȾлҲǿơ
𣡡
лһͬХ죬ѹƻеƣԲǧڵĴ󺣱˳ĺǣǧ޷ֵ˻
л˫Ŀз·Ҳʵʻˡ
Һ̬硣
ǽɶ籩
л֣£Ʊɱ
ľͬתţֻɢƸӵ;ף͸һӵıɱζ
Ŀԣ䡣
ǵ۾ѾܳΪ۾һأﶼ̺Żһеһǵ۾ڱŷ
ɵ뾫ɵ䵶˲Ϣײ
䣡
ԭʮ׿櫣ǿɱذܾ֣Ϊʤնɱлģһһɲ־壬ں޶Ȼĵڳ
ɢ
Ǿɵ䵶ûƬ̵Ŀܣھǰ飬޵Ĵڡ
׵İܱ
Ǿɵȴû˿ֱͣӳ׿櫵ֻ۾ڣΪľ񺣳䣬׵ɢ
׿ϱŰĶƽϢˡ
һжعƽ
ҲûϢ˶ʧȥһģлһֻץĲӣǵˡ
Ȼˡ
Ǿ籩ǰûκεķᡣ
贿ٶսնɱһս׿櫣лԣһּĵļ
սʣǲսʤ
ս£һнΪϵ˵ʱΪ֮ѪӡӰ죬ûӰ죬һжı䣬ʮսʿһнΪϵĵز漴л뵽Լ츳ǱԽʮսʼϻһֲľ磬ǲϾ硣
ɱ׿֮лֽ׿櫵Ŀռָժ
һ˵Ŀռָл˷ʱ䣬׿櫲ͬھоȻлţûʲô;籩ȱѩصһᲢ۵ģһеľ顣
л˵Ҫġ
ӵо濰Ƶһľ籩ľ涷лֱӣҲûãǣԼľαǣﵽ̬زŬģǿģûⷽ飬Ҳûж֪ʶҪֲ׿櫵顣
ЩлԣܹȫҺ̬İ취
лĨռָãĶó
вõĶһЩ֮ģлãʥЩá
һһ£ҵ׿櫵ľĵá
лԣν
⾫ĵƵıҪʱϸоġ
ˡɵǰѾûϢ׿櫣¶ŵı飬ɱսʼǿߡ
лЦʲôԺҲģͣҿǺģò˶ã׷ҵġ
׷㣿˰ɡֵˣûпɱԣǸ̬Ҫ˵̡ﻹаգԣ⣬Ů˵ѪѾɱķѪˣֱ󣬻ռϴʽΨһһ㿹ˡ
㣬̫СӢˡлԺס
˱̸߱
ǵĿȻʥأأҪȥϵġ
ıǳ褶ǰǧѵһšл˵
Ȼû˵
лͽ˵򵥵˵һ飬˵ıѪѾɱ䣬ΪĵħѪڽ׷յķѪδҲǾŽս۷弶ģԵ츳ǱͬıµĻıһеǳ褣ǸѷԪҲѾֳ̬˷⣬»ع飬κɾҲǲɹģǣЩǲ֪ģڣкͰıȨ֣ȻߣǱ߸£ʥأɳСǵĶԿܣ˭ָұ֤ʥؾû취ƳǿأʥصľǸӲ⹫Ǹӡ
лĽ⣬ҲʶӢ۱ʱ˵ǣ쳽ǫҲһ
սʳ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻܵѪڵǣһ˵ıչʱ䳤̶Ǻƶϳġ
һսʳôζŶЩ͵Ƚ׵սʻ½ĳĽס׵ĻҪң߽ϵǿһʱ䣬Щʱ俴ƺܳȴֺ̣ܶΪһ׼սʼֵͻѵʱ䣬м£Կһ꣬ʵת˲䣬ͽǿߵǳʱ
ҲĻΧĽһ
Ļ


1174  ͡һ
صʥڣлھۻһлֿʱڣһֱһ籾ԴΪͼ棬̵ĽҲǾ˵ģȻ˵ﵽ׼սʼλͻƵıԵҲ൱֮ǰȣֱͬն
ﰲ졣
֮ˣΪŮ塢棬Ͼ׿櫵עһ䶯ģǱȻĴѰֵģټ̺Ľ廢񣬸ӵҪˡ
ʶӳ뿪
ʱ䣬лҲһЩܸеԼͻԽԽˣ·ߣֿɼȴ޷лҲף£ǿ󲻵ãֻҪų޹ǣȻѡﰲͻƵġ
ǰȲ
ʥʵǿǷƿ֪ҪǣǱѪģܹȻ֪ʲô磬ҲսʼĳλģȻż
бǳ޹ǵΡ
˭ұ֤޹ǧյھһܹţһ쵽֣пʧȥõ޹ǵĿܡ
ڰĴߴ£ڳˡ
л뿪ġ
ʥﰲǸҲûãǰһ죬Ѫ֮Ͳǿһˡ
츳ȷܿ£㣬ҳϣҵ츳ߡ˸ǧյ;У̲޸пĵ
֮ˣΪͻƣȻս۷弶磬ҷҺʼлԣȡͻƿ׼սʼλľ硣
֪ı̬ˡлЦһ츳ãδһܹɾ͸ߣߴﵽĳһָ߶ȣ޲Ǹⷽɫģ֮츳ߣȻǳɼȻ̽ҲҪģ츳ͬˣǵѡһռϴʽڴﵽ֮ǰٶֻܼ֮һңĳɾҲܾ˵ġ
̾˭֪֮Ѫӡʱ⵽ƳҺѡռϴʽǴģˣǱ˶ˣȻѪɱķѪߺߣԺңڿԴˡ
̲޵ӣлЦӵǽ۵㴽һ£̽ͲĽˣĽء
ĽʲôĽҵ˸ˣ̷ʵ
лǿ϶ģ˭԰һ£ɫ̽ˣҵѪɱԭ򡣡
̵Ҫ˵ʱ˽ԲĸĸˣΪһ˵ҡĵĵһֻĿ꣬һǳΪǿߣһǽҷչΪߴеĵһ壬񣬺Ĵ֮󣬼ǻԵģ۰ĸȴ֮һƫƫҲҸԸΪһУȫٷְٵķѪԸѡûзѪɡ
žɡлĵЩ޷ģͬԵ⡣
Ϊҵĵ峤ӦңϾҲңȴΪлʥࡣ
ܶ鶼޷ȥ͵ģҵϣҲ֮Уһ壬ҪҲҪǳʹĴۣϾ֮ã̻Ƿǳµġ
ƫƫң⼸ǲһһ䣬ܽһӴļ塣
뵽ңл뵽ʥǡ
ƷʥǣγźҵҺǼҾҪң֮һЩܼĿĵС壬һǵĺ鷳ֻдļ룬лЩģƫƫŮ̵鷳֮ŸеʥǵԶֹˡ
ʣܹŮص㣬޷ĵطܰȥˣܻĸ߲㣬ѵϹߴ壬塢ҹħǾͲܰȥ
Ȼһġ
ʥǣǡ֣ȣĽ壬ʵΪԼǵģĽ壬ͿרĽ˹ͬĵˣ̸ˡ
ֻҪôڲ̵ܵڼ飬вͻصļġ
ףѩˣ
˵ݶ⣬л̶Сģһȥˣ˭Ҳұ֤Ƿеˮж̵Ķͨʼձȫ濪ŵĵز
̵ĶͨѴɣľߣʩչ֮󣬼ǷԲǧڵһжܹԺиֳ
ѩˣлȻ
ûǵ̫ˣǱߵǸСϡһָԶһдеСľӳѿӰ
˱㽵ںˮС
Ƕʼ
٣Ȼ׷ǧյնģû뵽ǾȻôִţǧյĸգǾһŻȥġлǱѩĽ̸
ЦԽԽˣŮҲǣΪµĲƸ;Լ˲ˣǿЦ
ļǿߴڣȻǰԼǵʱǿ֮һˡлƲƲ죬ǳ֮⡣
ȻʵսʼϵģǶֻˣҪϡ٣޷ǾǱǿߣЩ˵ҲҪʱ䣬һһһı廹δ֪ء
ҪҪɱǣʵ
ûҪСѡлЩ˺Ȥսˣ֮Ѫӡƻ֮ǰǵʱŵĸ֣ɷڣǿп޵ˣоǣлϣע⣬ϾѾӽǧյ˭Ҳ˵ǧյǷڰйעһС
ǧյԴҲпģݴ˵ǧյǧǰǧյ֪ΪΣͻȻעһƬڣǧյϵľа򣬶ڵǴ󺣻Ⱪ磬ǧյɾǸʱ򣬲֪ôģǧյͻȻһǧصĹԴЩعԴɢȻӲֲƸɢֹͣӵһĺˮҲյȴԴ˱㱻ΪǧյΪ˶˵һǧعԴһǧ̫
ֻǴ˵ȴҲʵΨһĲͬǣһǧԴĴڣΪһϹ
ϹĲЩһӴĳΪģܹõȴǳ٣˵ûУϾܹӴ󷨵̫ˣοʦѾ
ǧյǸϹȴ·ṩһ㣬ÿǧյűˮΣյʱ򣬾ͻԶͷų߽ΣҲΪˣĺûһ½ǧյҵģʹǧյ֮ƽ͡
ǧյΪŵ֮ԣ˿࣬˵ѾﵽǧյҲΪֻҪǺӣ츳ĶսȥΪǧյһ֣֮ǧյʵںŵҲǰéġ
л̵ǧյʱȻҹ
ˣһĶͨ̽һлþһǱУһѲߣ˿ƿ䡣
ʻ᲻Ӱʵ
лЦû⣬ҿѩɽԽɽڵģֻҪûˮ֮ĸţͨ衣̣Ц̽㣬ȥǧյͰɡһţ˱ԭʧˡ


1175  ͡
֮£˱ǧյĽһСǣǧյĵشܹеģȫǧյЩɾ͵˼Ҿ죬߾ûʸפС
˽Уվһֵϡ
˿ֵҹղ¸߹ңǹСһɫ˿ɴտĽֵϣûһӰĵġ
ǧյڳһΪǧյǧյĵһ˾סĵط˵ǳңһΪĹģǸǳңÿ춼ҪΪһŮЦЦĿл㻵ǲҲôİ
лôܣ̽ľˡһûȥƾͱեˡ
벻뱻եɣ̵̽ȥ
밡ǾȥǹɡлһЦһ̡
һưͬצһл§
һǱǧյڡ
ǧյԵǰ㣬ȵңש̵أˣ´½۹ĻʹҲû˵ݳޣ⹬ܴлжϣҪƽ׵ӡ
ȴϡ١
һ·ֺܶĹǿյģһЩҲȡˣʲôûС
ȵһƻͨĵطǲ֪µĵطܶۼУһЩŮźţϱУһԺȵβлһ۾Ϳĸա
˼ôˣпˣû뿪ͣ
ҲצһϣлĻУԣĽ
Ǹλϵľǧյǿ˹ҲǧյϼɡСܵǿ˹ɽˣаԶɽϣմȨĳϡ
ĽܣлԵһЩ˵ֶˡ
ǧյǿ˹дɽˣɽϰԶһһսʣ˵ػǧյ˼ʶǿ˹ǳأҲзе˼ϾǧյǿҲ޷׼սʼһսʲ໹Ǻܴġ
ǵĽ̸ܶ࣬ȴûʲôʵԵĶ
ƱյУѾýˡ
ûʲô˼̱ȥ΢΢һ͸еʲôţ΢΢һ죬̵ͦԲ˽ӴĸУͬˮ߰лĻŤţɵŸʲô
лĿ̣ˣûʲôʵʵĶ̣һ̵ʧˡ
⹬ܴӦĲ־ΪĵģɢżʮǱʹģĹϢĴ֮ĶûУлһЩ裬Ƕܼ򵥣ȻʲôǧյĴסĵط
һУȷˣ˴齡
ڻУòлðˣһ±㽫˵ڴϡ
̵ĵͺУлѹ£˳۵ȱлֿȹҲһ±ȥ̽ĵ˹ͷֵǵĵҪե㡭û˵꣬͸еͻȻڵȣǱسֵĸޣűлס촽Ŀԣ¶ȵĹâлŴҪͷ㣡
Ϊʲô
Ϊ㾹ȻҪեңҪ֪ҵ
ϴλǱҡ
Ĵܵ˷ǳŰֻܷĵĿ飬ŮȴǷ֮ҡ
֪ڵӪڣ
һ֮󣬷±þף̳ŽлĻУһ붯ץסлĸ첲Ժ޹ǧյҲ˵ǧյǸĪ󷨵񣬾ͺͳ޹ĳϵ
޹ǵʲôħ޵ĹлԳ޹ʼղǺǱķӯѯʵ
̳Ҳû˵ҵϢУ˹ڳ޹ǵ˵˵ʮǰһħޣΪޣħĵط̫֮ÿǧ˯һΣһγ˯ỨѰʱ䣬ٴѣͻ̥ǣеƷ޳˯ʮ֮ͻɱΪԽʵĴڣų֮˵Ǹ˵ʮǰʷǿߣ˻ʵħǳޣǳ˯ʮΣɱʮεĳޣ޸ʮǰԻʷļ֤ߺͲߡ
ʮǰޣ
лûʲô䣬ΪʮǰЩʷûʲôأеֻһЩ񻰰Ĵ˵ѱ档
лȴ֪ħʷǿĴħǸʱ˻ʲĴڣħƺеħЫͬױȵ˼һʼȴصȥ
˵ʮǰħʷǿħ˼ʱںֹһ󣬿гգеıؽʷϵģҼǵʱʷѧңױдһաл˵
Цתǿ찡ѹܹôŮлķˮҷԴٰŮˣռˡϸָлǰػţ˵ûվǳʷ֤෽֤ʮǰǳѣڴħֵʱ򣬱ħЫģΪħЫһڵһħѪɿ࣬ΪūҲַħʱͨģȻҪַռ˼硣
˼Ҳһֻ޵еħޡޣлӿڵ
ˡ̲޸пĵڵ֪ħֵһ̣ޱ뿪˻ʣӪսħЫ֪ǵľ磬ʵŶʮս۷弶ĴڣҲԼĽħޱںϽһŴսվǼһ˵ħЫǵħЫ֮ǰ͸ħ磬൱ĸ֣о˵а˴ĸ֣νǾǾŽսʶĴڣдĸ֣ǿɱ䣬˼˵ģϾ˼籾Ҫѷɫħǳ޲ȡ츳գ
лգ츳Ǹ˵ˣĻա
̵Ȼģ޻Ϊգͳʮսʣһ̣޵еĴڣâһеħĸ־Ҳһսɱ˵ħЫܸ˼Ⱥħޣɱ˴ħصµ֣֤ȻҲǸոտʮսʼľ磬˼ʤڸлսӢۣ´ǧŵӢ۸˻ʽԼڵڶλλеһһգȴգΪǳޣԼǰ˴ħǿ˼ս룬Ҳһˡ
˵Ӣ۸Ĵ˵ˡлĵޣգսǧյ۾⣬ǧյͳʲô
Ц޻֮󣬱ɥ֮ʱҲ֪ܹɱ֣ȴɱħЫ֮ǰԼѪҺ͹ΪǧյǧҹħЫɱһǧҹŽ䳹׵ճɻҽڣҲʹǧյ͸˵ħЫѪг޵Ѫг޵һЩƬҲˣǧյʮûбûսҲûбݻ٣ֱϹʱĩڣ櫵ĸ˼磬ûħȡǧյڵħ֮Ѫ׷Ѫ档
лѹǧյܹʩչǧյѾǵǧյˡ
ǰֻǧյ˻ڽ֮һس޹ǣղ˵峤˭Ҳ֪޹ʲôط˵
΢΢һлȻǰ櫵ĸ׺ͽ׷ܹǧյʮǰµ޵ħ޵Ѫֲᷢ޹ǣǧյг޹ǸòǼٵİɣ
̵ģֻҲһֱһգ˭Ҳ֪Ľ׷Ϊʲôûзֳ޹ǡ
⵹Ǻ֡лֹ
̷̵ͦлŲһ£ůʱлĸܵ䶯ɣڰУ߽˵ǧյܹṩģô
Ȼ˵Ҳôʰ㣡
лƻķ


1176  ޹ǡһ
һҹࡣ
˱㿪ʼѰҳ޹ǵ̡
õ֤޵ĴڣһιǧյʷҲлǧյŨȤ
ȻϹʱĩڣ׷ܹȡʮǰĳ޺͵ħЫѪôǷҲأϾǧǴڵģûоʹ˷ϳĸǳ޵Ѫ͹Ϊġ
ѰҵӺ
ǲܶǧյǿ˹ϾڵľƱȽ⣬ǧյɽйϵҲǲȡһؼԭǧյɽϰԶ򣬻һЩ׼սʼ֣ǧյĸ֣Ҫǿ˹֣Ƚ鷳
˴͵ȡ鱨棬Ǿ䣬յŬûдǿ˹ҵͻƵ㣬ȴɽЩ˵ҵ˰취
ϣô᲻˫Ĳ죬Ͼ޹ǧյһĿǶǺļƻһɽ߻׵üëƺЩΪѡ
ϰԶЦΪֻҪǧյֹǰô򵥣ҵҪ񣬻Գ޹ǵġ
ɳ޹ǡߵ
޷Զڰ֣һоյӣҴ˴ֻǽó޹ǣ֮󣬱ỹģֻҪʱյĺãǧյǲֵᷢġ
߿һֱǧյԶǧյȽϤЦ֪޹ǶǧյĹϵʵ̫شԵǿ˹Գ޹ǵĹעһͬÿ죬ͱȻһ£ҪȡʹãҪڷŻȥǴﵽɽһһأҲҪʱ䰡
Զ΢΢һüôӡ
ֻǿЦѡ
޹ǵĹؼԣԶ֪
Щ̸Ҳл̵ĶУѰպ޽ΪҪʱ̹עǧյǿ˹жĶͨǿģͽЩɽ֮˵Ľ̸ȥˡ
ձزһΣҲǵˣǿ˹ǲǸò鿴޹ˣлЦ
̵һֱڹעء
ֹˡ
̵Ķܹͨͬ۾һ㣬עǿ˹һһ۵ס
лעɽЩˡ
ϰԶ壬޹ʮǰµһع裬һ߳޵壬ܹþôΪȻܹͻͽɽȫµһӵľƣ¹ش󣬳޹ǱҪõ֡һ˵ʥҲЩͨǲܹҵʵҲǲƻģšɣȥĻǽó޹ʱ䣬޷þ͸Իȥǿ˹֤֮ó򡣡
ԣ취Уھ˻ȥ
ǵĶԻл֪ɽó޹ǾȻΪ죬ҲΪٵ׼
л㣬屾ͱȽ⣬ʥصػ޶ѾϾǴﵽŽսʼĴڣԼİ취ǰӡĳطȻδʹãһ˳޹ϵİǱȻĽɽػħǵҲԼ൱вϰԶ˵컹ȫµһȻǴ˵Уйоˣħµ齨һ֧µ
ֹǡ
޹ǱõлҲ֪ĽڵѪ취ʵҪ޹Ǹǽ޹ǵһ˿յԡ
ʶԭҲͻڿԼðɣо죬ǼԸ߰ҲǶлݶɵˣ뵽ܿȫµһҲɱ
ɽ̸һЩ飬ǧյʥǡǡ֣ΧĽʱٵ⣬ʼзα֤ǧյδܵѹܹȫǵ
ǿ˹ҵһܵڡʱ̴ɽ̸л˵
лһϿʼעǧյǿ˹
ǶصĶͨ֮£ǿ˹һжصĲĳ̵ԺС
ʱһĹȥ
ŰСʱ̵֮¶һĨõЦݣѾ֤ˣ뿪
ҲжˡлЦ
ٹ۲һ£Ҫһʧ̽ĵ
ֹ۲ǿ˹ܵ߳¹رܵȻǿ˹ӽ뿪ʼ˳ÿһϸڡ
ƾž˵ļ·ǿ˹һ⡣
ֱȷ֮лж
̵ͽлҲѣҲΨˣſܱ֤һ˾ܵİȫܹɹⲻԥǽ˷ѻԥ
ԣָж·Ĳضڣлһ˫ȣͨ˷·۳һˣһ󵨵Ľ塣
֮£л֮ܵڡ
ܵأǴ巽λ붼̵ļ֮ڡ
ܵڣǵжӵĽˡ
ܵҲͨܵһͨǰʱĻֲǸ㲻ͻ·
ĸڰǰĶ·ѡģҾÿһͨǿ˹ƽٶһ飬˾ǷǳˣҪͨǾߵģҲ޷ֱġ
ɴҲл̾ǧյԳ޹ǵػ
̵Ķͨƽ⣬ǺɵıĿĵء
һĿռ䣬Ҳ߰˸ƽ˼յģʲôİ趼ûС
޹ǱǽڡָǽڣҲ߹ȥվǽǰְǽ档
лһԹ
Ҳ֪޹ǿ϶ػţûǲҪֵĺãҲ⿪ҪǿƳϾ֮ʵȻҪչ˵ʱȻһĲ࣬ʵȻлսǿһЩġ
Ҳ̶֪ʲôأͼ̵ưһطǰһһ貵Ĺâ̵Χӳһӡͼ
ǡ
žͿǽڷƶ죬ƶܿһСĿռ˵ǰ
ǽں棬һƽķһعէȥһغͨĹʲôлȴӦһ˿ǳ΢ӦҲ൱ѷ֡
ָŹǳ޹ǣǱһлǿӲûдֻĳ޹ǲͬ˵޹Ǳǽɫģһ΢Ľɫ档
а취лʵ
԰ɡ˫Ŀ΢գԸеĺ촽䶯һɬ̰ҲһɫĹǰһ
л㿴ǽعʮ׵ΧһɫεĹ֣
̵ưȥĳҲֲֻ˼£һѷ춼ûг֣ҡҡͷ޷򿪣ֻǿƽˡ
л
ҪСģ϶ãǿ˹ע⣬һǰűɱһλãľжϣǿ˹עȻ̫ʵĿбɱһá˵
л΢΢һЦıڲżעȥģǧյʵǿɽİԶҲ޷һսʣҪƷȻǲһ±ģֻǧյԼˣǧյǿҲ׼ս۷弶Ȼϡ
һл̽㣬㻹ʩչоĻҲΣ
һҲԣʩչ
ʱлϷһĨ⣬ףֱ͸Ĺץȥָ涼׸ǡ
أ
ֱָӱ㴩͸˹֡
л֮һ
䣡
һ촫ǹֱһ¸ϣžһɫĹ汬ֱָлλá
лЦһһǳ
أ
ǽɫػ֣ǳػҲֻǴĳһζѣδɶвǳ޹Ҳ˵ǰ


1177  ޹ǡ
޹ǳʮףСһСضѣֽͨɫѾȥʮ꣬ԾǷ𵭵Ĺâƽ·һһǳ΢Ľɫ˸š
л̶һۣ¶ϲɫ
õ޹ǣǾζŰѪ䡣
ɾʣĿֲŻֳϾֻҪɳǾ൱ھŽս۷弶Ĵڣһֻ̤ʮսʵĴڣڵİǿֻͬ׼սʼλٶͬ׸һͽлߣΪлǿ֮һ
л֮£ֱ̽ȥó޹ǡ
һԿţĶǷлϣлȥõʱûɵһĻţ·ԼİĶҪٵĿУҲΨлܹ˸оѿڵСģ
лҲû֡
ǿǾԵΣûаԥ
ˢ
Ҳʱֻɢŵɫεĳ޹Ȼ䣬ŵһ΢ģʱϨĽɫ汬ȥ
ǽɫ·һԣֱָл
лĻ治࣬ȴҲԲ٣ʥػɵֿ޵еĻ档
ȴȫͬĸо
΢ͬһȻ伶ܸߣɱϾ̫٣Ӵɵǻ棬̫ٵ£Ҳѷӳá
ȴͬٵĿȻ˿
лǳУ
أ
⿴ȥҪϨĻ津лǼһףͱһĨ貵Ĺ⻪л˼ĿУһ˿ǳ֮Ȼˣ䶴лϡ
䣡
Ͼǻ̫̫٣ǳػѾǿ֮ĩлϣ̼ͽ·ճ˻ҽվ̵ǰлĽճ弸ѾӽɣҪͻƽ뼫񣬱еĵطȻһ󽹳ζ
ʹлһ졣
˺Ȼĺˡ
û°ɡ̽ŵĲ鿴л塣
лٺЦİɣ̽ıûܵ
ڵ٩̽ŵƽһЩƲһл壬ִһĳ֪֡
лЦóһ·ϡ
޹Ļôôлǳ޹Ǳ滹һ΢Ļ棬ɵͷ
̳ûв´Ļ޹ĻӦǳ޵ʩչ츳֮󣬸Ļ棬ҲǴ˵УΨһһֳԽ𼶱𡭡̫𣡡
̫лȻ˵ֻΪɵģɾͷűֳı̬ɵĻҪĶࡣ
̫ȻֻһߣҲ൱ľˣҪƣеѰ졣л˫ֱأԺ˼Ű취
鱨ʾǧյӦп̫ֻеǿ˹֪ǲŪ֡Ŀ˸¶һĨ֮ɫҲûһ취Ըġ
лԾԾԵı飬һͷԺӹ̽Ǵ㽫һ̫ΪãںӰ𣿡
ͷ̵뷨һ̫ȻǿɱϾʵ̫٣ʮģǰܹҵӰɵĻӰ޷𼶱Ҳõϵɱ䣬һճɾ𣬱Ȼܱͨġ
ϸһ룬лÿС
̫ǿȴ̫٣ʮ꣬ҪһӰΪҲƺ̫ʵȴܹӸϸıӰ
̽԰ɡл˵
̵ͷҲ֪̫٣ȴܾˣͬһʥһѾѵһȻܹʥնϵģǽ֮ʥڣʥ޷ɾȴһԴﵽʥĵزڲϷ棬ѷɫһٶȽǾеٮٮߡ
˫ֱŸָƣһ㸡һֵĻ棬Ӱ
ĥʱӰӵĳ죬ǿˡ
ָһ㣬Ӱȥڳ޹棬Ǳ渲ŵһɫĻ
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ָһ̵ͺȵҪһ̫ӳ޹ǿа뿪Ȼ޸֮Ƽ̫
ɾǿн̫˵ȡʱһس޹ڶȻһĨڰĹӰһͳ˻𣬾Ȼһǿĺڰ汩
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룬ֱ̽Ǻڰȥ
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׳ձѵ̼䱬ֻһ£㽫Ǻڰˣһ׵֮ӿ޹ڡ
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лͬʱһ̸ǲֹͣӰľٶ
Ҫ̫ͣάֵħЫ޻겻ĸǿгȡ޻ʲôڣһǰ˽ս۷弶ױȵķḻ飬Ѫ޻꣬˸ĺ޾飬һ۾Ϳһ˿ĵħЫ޻ڡ
ƿӰӲ̫ţǿ޹ǡ
֮ǵħЫ޻ŭˡ
ħЫͨħЫЩͬһħƣһħƾ츳ħԽ࣬츳ԽǿħЫβͣеĵǶޱȣܹɽһзƽ⣬޷Ŀֲ綾
ССޣҲҴŭңħЫ޻ŭ
һǳ⣬ֻһ߲л꣬ǿ޻걾ָˣȻеһ˿־壬Щ

ħЫǿʮս۷弶Ĵڣ޵С
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лɲϾֻһƲл꣬Ӳдʮ̫꣬άֵģ޷в
һߣͬ͸һϵ֮Ҳʹлڷ·һʣѹȵħЫлꡣ
࣬ôĵӡħЫлŭȵ
лߵ˵Ҹеġ
ħЫл걩ŭ
ҵۣҾǵˣ˼磬㣬ޣҪΪԼʮս۷壬ͺ˲ãʮǰڵǸ档лһ侮ʯӡ
Բͬˣв̬ͬȡ
ǵħĸ֣һЩӢ۵ģǾ˼ģɱ˵ģע޷ȥǡ
㣬㡭ħЫлҪҲܿ侲Ϊ̫һ޹ǡ
ħЫǱɱģֻʵ̫ǿ̫̬ˣӲͷ޹ǣһƲл꣬Żɽ𣬿˵̫ɱԪףȴҲлܹŵƾ衣
ħЫлϺɫӿԭɫĳ޹ѸٵһɫĹΣһɰģŻʵǳ޹汬
ǿӽһսʼ
ֻϧлǰԺ⣬Ҳ֪˵֮ѪӡһֱһŶƵĻôԵħЫлǾǽпѹˣʮʱ䣬ûʲôָļֱ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻſʼһָģʱ̫̣֮һƲлѣָٶȻǺġ
лħЫл궯֣һ㣬һ׼Ŷûжκζڳ޹档
䡭
һУǳ޹Ǳ㱻֣ոշĺɫΣѸٵˣֻڵħЫлΧһЩɫ
лĵɣܹ׷ǵѰȴҵơ


1178  ޹ǡ
ʣϹʱĩڣ׷պ櫵ĸҵǧյ²Ҫȡǧյڳ޺͵ħЫ󳬼޵ħ޵ѪܻܿѰħЫлĿġ
ʣ׷վѾѪ棬Ϊĵħ֮ˣܹõħЫлĻȻٽһģܳΪԽĴڣôܹı䵱ʱľˣħЫлȻҲɵϣѡӱܣǳ޹ܹȥԭ
ɾˣħЫлԾӲ˵İš
Ӳдʮ꣬Ҳδܶɽ𣬾ͱлˡ
ҪɱңħЫл
лߵ㻹𡣡
ǿסħЫлȻ˸ž⣬ŷḻϼ޻
ףлͦȤģħЫл껹ܸʲô
ħЫлֹ̫𡣡
лҪ̸ҪҸȤĽףҿԴӦ˵ŻŤͷ˵̽㣬ӿ̫𡣡
仰ֱǳħЫĶ⣬Ҳڱ
߸ϣµĵħЫлһĸоȻССвȣȴû취ֻǿŭ𣬰Էģһָ۷壬һҪлŰɱ
ҵĽ׾ǣһָҿԽҵ츳ڸ㡣ħЫл˵
ħ޵츳ĳЩڣǿӹɾǳ޵츳գܻӭԪ޵츳ǣԪаľħЫ츳ơ
ħʮǰܹҷգħЫ츳ռͷܹͨ츳ƴĸ֣Ϊãõıѣ˶ΪаģҲ˶ӵеġ
ջлЦǺǵĵ
ħЫлͬˣ
вҲͬ⡣лЦݣϱŷɭĺ⣬ɱڵĵħЫҵɵǲǣ츳ΪģûҪӵУͱӵ꣬л꣬Լ޷ʩչȻƭңǿЦȻҵɵϡ̽ץһױȥǳ޹棬ǹħЫǰ̰̫
һֱŬ̫̲Ц
ŵħЫлһ˿УҪ˵ǻۣǴǽƻ޳ܣܹһջлģֻºҪ֮ģħЫлȻֵ͵εƭƭлǿЦ֮
ħЫлҲ̿Ļڣолļ룬̫ļƴĽеֿһףҸ㣬˻µıأ
˻ʱأл΢΢һ٣۶ŵħЫл꣬㲻ƭҰɡ
ᣬԲᡣħЫл˵
лЦô˵Ǹոս˼磬ͱ޸ɱˣ֪˻ʱصġ
ħЫл͵Ϊ֮ǰѾɳħ͸˼磬ϵռ鱨ʱħǿʢʱڣ˼ͷﲻܲˣ֮ҵ츳Ƚ⣬˻ʸΪʤ߻࣬ǰռ˴رһطȻս׼
ֻû뵽ʩչ츳һӽǵɱ˽ķ֮һͷҲڹؼʱ̳ˣħҰܶ顣лЦ
ԴˣħЫлѾ֪ȻģǱɱ
˻ʱĴڣҿԸʲôطħЫл˵
лЦҲ˻ʱĴڡ
ħЫлҪһָ
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ڰ֣л㲻֪Ȼ˻±Ϊע˷ģôⱦرȻǳأҪ̶ȣ¿ıԼҪʶ˻ʣ֪ħҪ϶ռ鱨£һԱظӽģǱֻһ֪һЩѰңԲǵħ֪οħЫ˼ʱѾնɱֻһƲл꣬Ӳֻ֪Ҫ
ħЫле֪
ϧҲţ˵Ҳǵħ˼аڣָڡл˵ĿⶸȻޱȣԣھҪɱ㡣ƶǳ޹һץȫ׳
񱩵׺εȿֲһսʼĵħЫл꣬ûһӱ㽫ħЫлɢ
ࣣ
̫Ҳ֮޹ǡ
һת˵лһ׵ĵطʼ̫侫Ӱ
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ħЫл״ŭ֮࣬Ҳʼ
ȻֻʣһƲл꣬Ƿһ仹ǿԵģܿͿϼһɺڰֻ۾ҲɭĺâȻ˸һĨ⻪л
Ҫ䡣
ǹ⻪лϵʱлСβָ΢΢Ĳһ£һ˸
ħЫл䵱ɢ
㾹Ȼ䣡ħЫле
лЦеСβָ
ҩָħЫл꿴ָⲻܣܣҩָ洴ֶΣֵʱ򣬱Ѿɱˣôܻܴ
棿л˵֣˵Ҳʮǰ޵м֮һǻľǿߣ룬ҩָĴ߲ҩƵ죬ľģҲͿˡ
ҩָħЫл곹׵ķ˷Ψһܵвлҩָɣƽһ䣬ע޹ˡ
лóɵȻ̵Ŀռָó˷ХǹǼȭףҪˣɡ
ɵڣ˻𣬽ӥ޻ɳ
ȭڵĿ޻Ҳǳˡ
ХǹܳХǣֻХǵӿĲǴħХǵķԣһ档
ǣХǣ޻ɴ۾Ծĵ


1179  ġһ
ǣ
޻г֮󣬲ӥԾǵħЫлҲȻͷĿƵĶХǡ
Хǣϵħޣǿ޷ǾλʵڵХǷѾﵽսһļһ棬ϸĻǻ壬ͬһֻ˵еķˡ
ǣٺ٣Ҫ˺һˣɱ䣡лýӥ޻Ϳ޻˺
ڷǣлҲһЩ˽⡣
˵Ƿһصаĵʽνа˵ףǲǷһµĴڣһ峤ʲ֮ͬϣԵһ㣬һǿа
ֻҪа֣ǱȻʮսʼĴڡ
˵аħЫ۷ʱͬȵĳڣƫƫаﲻУȵѣʮǰйɱһ˲Ȼ˥˻عʾ磬ɱϾôһμأǾ֤ʵģаȴֻǴڴ˵УǷʮǰǸʱаҲֻǴ˵
ȴ˿ܳɾаĴڡ
ǣԷһΪעХǵڣХǵĻ꣬ǹһȫµħޣХǣѾǵХǣɱΪаǱĳħޡ
аĳͣѵһɱ䣬ХǵתΪаҪʮսʼħ޻ꡣ
ʮսʼǴʮǰʼϹʱĽܹҲʮˣθаɵĻ᣿
аʼնǸ˵
ֻһƲл꣬ңҲ޷ΪаֻԵʧȥΪаĻᡣħЫлŬ
лƲŽսʶûмȥŪʮսħ޵޻꣬޷ɱаֻԷǵ̬֣ɾͷХǻء
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ħǵħЫлľɽһ
һɣħЫлαѸٵģ˥ĸţлħ޻ѹ£ڵĵħЫһƲл꣬޷ֻ֮Ƭ֮䣬ͱǸ˽һ
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۷ǵֱҲȻķһЩ仯ԭХǵӣ۾лȼգΧε棬ʹ忴ȥе㲻ײࡣ
ת֮󣬷˸Ա仯
ëԭѩɫתΪɫ˫۾ԭֻȼŻ棬Ǻɫģڳɱ˻ɫģһ֪Ӧŷǳɹ۵ĸı䣬оԵģȶ䣬һĨ渽ϡ
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޻΢΢ĻζʵǷХǻʣδɱаȻЩʧǷХǻҲߣһаʮսʼХǻʳ֮ǾŽս۷弶ʮսʼġ
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лŵħЫл걻ɣҲǸпѰ磬ǿʢƥչӲ
Դ˵ħЫ˾š
ħ޻ҲعɵͼȭڣǶԣħЫлһȴͬǾǵħЫлԶܹģ֮󣬲ʵؼǽɱ䣬ȡǴ˵еʮսʼ
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ϵĺ
ԴʹʥرգֳԤľ棬ضð壬Ҳ֪ʲôطģʹΪսǼʮͻһ𣬰ռһʼûܹͳһʥǿ֮һͷƽʥ޷Ψʲſԡ
ʥǣлһֲ֣ʵˡ
޹л鿴ûƷ㰲ĵĵȴһ̫
ΪȫлĶͨҲǿŵġ
ʱһһĹȥ
ϵӰҲԽԽǿнӽļơ
ʱл΢ļԺԲƵ촫ͷһ𣬰ճ棬ǿ˹ǲƵǰģҲ˷ܵڵأÿһΣڴڼеڶβġ
ȴ˽лɵĻ˵ݡ
Ȼʩչ뿪ǴĵطһֳͨΡ

лˣɵһ˾ȻɽϰԶ漴ͨˣɽҪó޹ǣôҪҵ޹ǵڵأǰ̽·ģϾ̫ܵӣ̵ĻҪҵͨͷĳ޹ڵأǷǳѵġ
ŰԶʩչĳѰ·ߣܻҲܷ£лɵЦˣԺзһͷ
۲찲Զһл㷵ȥˡ
ͰԶٶȣҪĸСʱܹҵĿĵأл赣̫֮ǰԶҵ
ŰСʱ֮
ôлЦʵ
̵ɹˣӰͲһ߱ɿ𼶱𣬶ҶҵΪҲ൱İ
ǾͺãҲһϷˡлٺЦ
ϷʲôϷȻ
лſ̵ĶСֹ䡣
գգ۾湻ġ


1180  ġ
ʰ׵뿪ط
ͨлн͵棬Ȼ·ܵڡ
ʱ䣬ԶѾԽͨˣǰֵĸڵͨͨѰ·ߡ
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һսʼʵԶķӦ죬Ѱ·Уһ߸оڸӦ
΢ȻתлĿԡ
лѾúڲֻ¶һ˫۾޷ϳʵݣж
ٺ٣벻ǧյҸɽҪıһϯ֮أȻнһûԵĶǰȻҪıȡǧյĳ޹ǡлıɤЩɳƵ˵䰲Զ
ԶĿ¶׹⣬ɭɭĵ㾹Ȼϵң
Ȼ˭֪ɽϰлЦǺǵĵҲǸпɽϾһսʵʵɴ˿ɼʥػ߽սûУ˵ǳϡ٣߽սȴܶࡣ
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л˭ҪҪǣǧյ֪ɽϣΪı޹ǣ֪θء
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޹Ƕǧյζʲôһǧյ֪ǵĺԵĴ
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仰ǹ붷ȥġ
˵𶯾ȴǳԲڵ˶ܹĵܹжϳԴ
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Զŭͨ籨ţǧյĸǰҪ
ŭ֮£ԶȥóлȭʹΪǿ˹ϹһɱϽӳȥʶһȭǾųıŷʵ֡
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̵ҵĻ϶ԴΪɣɽóرȻǩЭ飬ҪѰҳ޹ǡ
л룬Ҹ˽¼޻칬
Ϊʲôѡ칬ʵ
Ϊʥ칬ǿҲ躹ޣͬߴϹŴеĺһ˭Ҳ֪ǵʵΣý˻̽һ¡лЦһ̵أôŬȻȥԺ󣬿ҪúҰ
ĵİһ̵ۣ𣿡
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õˡлżó˳޹ǣҰ£㻹֪ǿϺܶˡ
˷ܵصڿԽɶѪˡ
л޹ǽ̣̽㣬ˡ
ƷѾ֣̱ˮԣʼΪѪ䡣
ڻ;У̾͸лҪѪ䣬ɲһģҪ൱һʱ䡣
лҲûȥɵţʥڡ
һֱһ籾Դͼ棬ʵ൱죬ò̫ʱ䣬ͿԿ׼սʼλˣлҲûдĿޡ
óƬۡ
ѾһۣͷųĿϢ൱ǿʢл޻ʩչԪ޵츳ǣԪ۹Ȼ㿪ʼ׼սʼλ硣


1181  䶯죬֣졾һ
ʮʱܿ͹ȥˡ
̶԰ѪҲˣ֮ռʥأΪҪȫѪڵİٱл̵ƶϣ°ȫͻֱӿսʣսʵĸ߶ˣԶһǵȻóʥظ
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ΣߴҲ޷Ǻʥƽƽѣлٿָʥء˫ĿƷŹĶлһεƱͷ˳

лΪ˵䶯죬ȴ䶯ͷƷѩѦС̸ʲô֪һˣǶԼٵһѵҲ֣ڶ˼䶯ֵڡ
ֹ˵лЦеĿա
Ŀԣ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻЦ䡣
յųεƣͬһѷļ⵶ݺݵͱлλãȻƺɱˣǹƣ൱ĿµģǻձľͰڷһʩչǲˣԾ䶯졢Ѧ˸оһԵѹָУ·һɽѹһ㡣
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лɫȻûпʩչʲôƣϾ֪Ƕսʣ²ܹɿģʶȤĲȡƣձƵԼȸ֣ѡΪ
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Ӱ٣޼Ѱʵﵽˣܹоĵ
лһ˶ܸоͬһħɽƵأǿҵѹȸУֻлǰγɡ
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лЦϹˡ
֣䶯һۣ˵г˾ǲģǶиԵĴлһƨǵС壬˾ͿлǵĽУȴһδ·֮⣬һֱռϷ磬ɱֲŶɹѹء
ǵĲȻѾ˹ĵز
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ǶԣǿǸ߸ϵľ磬ԺܹﵽҲսľ磬һѾǷǳμˣڻյǰһɵ޷ܣлȻ潻棬δ·硣
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1182  䶯죬֣졾
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֮Ѫӡδ⵽ƻ֮ǰл䶯졢֣ͬΪϵǿߣҲδ½ıѡ֮һɽȥһѣ仯֮ڳ֮Ҳܹظо
ԭʵҲͻͽ䶯֣ɾս磬ѾǸԵ൱ʿһܹսʶδܵˣ䶯졢֣죬ߵˣе˳صѹ֡
λǲǸ̸ˡлûȤȥڿ䶯֣죬ԣʥʱȻ˷ˣٶţûʲôɱԣ䶯֣쵽ΪֳֹֻоԽԽԽԽǸ㣬ĵĻΧĽ顣
ʮһΪսܹĽ壬ôǲһǿʱ
ȣ
䶯ϾˣŮǵĳԱҪ棬һ˵Ŀȥ˵л֣֣֣εжʹЭ飬εĳ޶ԷδֽΣڣŹͬģǾ˵Ľ֮ǰҪЭ
ǵȻ˵ĽѾˣл·ĻûȷϢһ㡣
û䶯ЦһжǵԤ֮У˼ԣϾԼ飬Ľ壬̣˼ҲսҲȻȽǲģȻǹҪΧĽ壬Ȼ֪һĽһˣǵĽ֮С˵ɫֻû뵽ǧǰѾʼֶΣھȻǰǷˡ
лȻһЦ̺ĽһĸȻԸⱻȥһζأ˵ǵŮ嵷ˣһֹһΣôǴ˴γزˣӦںһݵ㣬ΪǵĲ֮ذɣǲǸڷʽ֮ǰȽɳ˸Ľʱǻǵĺ󷽵ҡ
䶯ѾȥѰǵĲ֮ˣò̫ʱ䣬ܹҳˡ
ⷽԲǧڣʲôǵҵǵľݵӦòѵġ֣Ҳ˶лĺ⣬Ͷ뵽̽У˵Ů嶼ڼ飬жʱǱڼǰ֪ͨǾͿ˿ˣڵҪǣڼ飡
ἰڼ飬ڳŮɫͱ쳣ѿ
ڴˣлҲǱʾͬ⣬ؼŮеλߵ̵ˣȻӴŮĺĲ㣬ô櫣ǷĲ̵أУǵһжб¶Σգ޷Χ˵ˣԼǳıС
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ⷽ飬ʥ˴ҵǺġлЦԴľľפʥ֮󣬹ڼ飬ֻҪʥڲҪ׷飬ڼ鲻⴫Ϣһᱻ֣ϾλǻľеߣҪռ鱨ֱͨľܲá
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۵ģʱ̷Լߵˡ̱۾ɺ棬㷢
л̫õģѡӵ縡͹ĽŽлһĨ嶯
˵ŤΣĸˣֻǸ˴Ħš
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ڷУ̵
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һֱʹĶͨΧҷǰžŰʮ׵ĵطĴ֣ǶǿϢģ⸽ĸû˴ڡ¶ǿҵĻɡ
лԣĶͨûôܹͨĶͨ棬ȴܹһϢ
һԲǧڣֻĹ΢ϢɶڵµģЩˡ
Ķǰ·ŮŮãתһ룬Ů˵ʵ޵úܣ֪Ҳ࣬ӦûеħѪȻĻлзӦˣɱ˼ţڳڼ顣
лֱ̣׹ء

ûŮŮȵŮ˻ʱлûӰˣʱѾڰĴֵ
صĴ֣лҲǵʵ
һսʣһսʣọ̈̄ˣл۱˷ӦһǺ޷ӦΪսʲˣһħޣ𣬲֪ʩչʲôȥͬһƵأʵõƻαģ
ǸսʣҵĶͨ͸ֻģĿӰ̵
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ҲûȶãŮŮлȷʵ뿪֮󣬱Ϲ֪ͨĴǿˡ
սϸ֮󣬲δлټ
սҲ¶Ŀ


1183  ʥһ
ʮףǿѹ̬ģͨ嶼ǺɫƬʵȫûһ϶β˳һĨɫһƺǺо綾ٿͷΣԴصǣͷϷͬʹڰ
ʹں̵ͺ
лҲϳħޣټһֺеϡħ޻ʹں˵һ㶼ں׵ĵط½ء
ĳҲлʶԡ
ʹںຣеһ֣䲻ȺӣȴҲϸصĸ߼ħ֮һôܹսʼĻʹںкֳܹǷζţ뺣ЩصĺźĹϵ˵Ѿˣ
ֻһֻ޵Ҳˣ
̴̫ˣ櫸ΪĳԭǧǰƵĳڴ½ܹһֲٿذһĸ͸أѵͲ뺣ЩӴнӴĻ櫵ǻۣҪһЩ޼ֱ̣̺׾ٵ顣
Ҫ˵ǵĵطˡ
޴½صĺܶ౶׸ǧٹֵĺޣѪ޻γɣҪǧŰپʮֻ츳ĺޣ½Ҫۼһ궼δؿΪ츳ħްһǺȴܹۼɴƶϣŶôµһ̵̺ǿ֮ˡ
ô죿ʵ
л䣬ʹںʵ̫ǿ֣Ѱ·οһսԡ
ֿ϶Уҵĵ̺ͺ׺޵⡣¶һĨ֮ɫеǰδеѹĸоҪϢˡ
ҲδôأοȻĽϾ˫ҲǵжԵģԿ϶οֻĽ壬̴ģҲŲţʥػŹûܲĻᣬҷ̡лЦǺǵ˵
Ĵݣȴеһѹ֡
Улеķչ֮Ϊ櫺Ͱһԭ򣬿±ʥҪǿĶĶࡣ
Ը̣Ҫȫֲſˡ
սʶѾˣжϵʱһ£ǿҪ͵²Уȵʥɳǰ˵
лЦӦûῼǵĺȫˣӦϱҪǽŮΣ
ǰʥˡЦⷽ棬Ҳġ
ʥڵһ衢ꡢ۽ܡá塢ȵȣóһǲѷɫ䶯졢֣֮ԶԶģؼǣżµ֮أԼ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻд룬ǴеµʥأȺһȡϱ˼һǡǡʥǿڵƣҪ˵ˡ
ǽ̸УǻʹںȷлͻȻʧƺҲʶʲôûоһսҲڵһʱ뿪ŮפأΨǻʹںδȥһתûһƬɽУ
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лһٶأ̽㡣
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һսʺͶսֻһĲ࣬ʵлǾܴ֮ɱһսʣڶսǰֻˣǶսʻƵʱѡ׵ķʽ
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лѸٵ뿪䡣
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лļȭ״ϣǽɵʱҲó˷Хǹ
ŮˡˡѩԼǵҲǷ׷գŵĹעΧ״
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лͷһͼ޻긡ڱ档
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޻ϲĵˣûᣬǷ֮ʥܸӦĵǷ֮ʥ
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лû˵ôһ£ɿŮķӦȻҲŴδϾǵõ֮ʥҲǧѡ
ʥʲôлʵ
޻ʥǷ֮ʥԼȫͷų䣬ǲ֮ʥʱЩܹеľӶһɳ죬Ҽǵϴη֮ʥʥʱ򣬾ĸͻɾ;Žսʼģ֮ǰǸʱǸûоŽսʵġ


1184  ʥ
ǧǰͬһǧǰһʷ˥ʱڣֻһǧǰΪѪӡԵʣ˥Ϲʱǧǰ˥ģлͻ·ӷĽƺǸʱǿҲսʶѣȻܹ֮ͨʥʥŽսʣһǳµ
лЩŵŮ֣̾ϧˣǵҲԵıǣһܹû֮ʥģεıŮˣȫ嶼ǷԵģ˷򣬶ȻܹղǣǸ˿Ѿ֮ʥ˷ǻ൱Ŀɹ۵ջˡ
Ҳһ޻˵
ŵӣлȻ뵽޻걾Ǿ֮ʥʥ϶ʶҪ˸ӵ̣һǣ޻Ѫ޻꣬൱һֺ޵ļ䡣
Щ޴Ǵںģһķܣ츳ĸ߼ޣǴмģʮǰսҲδӰ쵽ǣԺ޵ļлйڷ֮ʥʥء
Щϸлͨһ㣬Ȳĵ
޻˲ҪģʥҪһʱͷҲҪʱ򡣡Ȼſʼϸ˵֮ʥҲֻ֪һ˵˵ʮǰħ֣ڵʱĵħ̫ǿʢĪĵħЫ˼缸ûʤĿܣʶ˻Ϊ˼һϣ˾ſʥھŸطͳΪ˻ʱء
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лҲЩ㵣Ŵʥ˻ʱأ
ȻӵħЫл֪˹˻ʱص˵ʱҲпܣϾ֮ǰǳ˭Ҳû뵽Ļ츳ܹ֮ħ統ʱħָȫɵˣһΪ˼ϣģϣ˻ʱأû뵽ǣ֮ʥ˻ʱ֮һ
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֪ΪʲôϹʥ磬ǵħ磬վŴʥĳһϵʥȻϹʥѡ˼粢ս͵ħݣλȫתƽ˼磬Ҳˣʹ˼ӵѪ͵ħѪʮֵĶ࣬ҲʱһЩٵʥ˾ޱ䣬˾Ŵߵơ
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Ŵʥٵ֮ܶȻ͵ġ
Ȼ뵱˻ڴ˵ħ֮ھŴʥµֶΣŽܵϵ
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뵽һ飬Ǿʥضµ޲ߣϾľ磬пǾŽս۷弶ǸʮսʼµǾŽսܹģ԰Եʥأʥǵĵ̸
һЩʥأһЩϹʱµĸʩиµĶУʧȥʥأζ˥УԴԴϵԼʥڵһЩءصؾṩĸһ뿪Ǿ͵ʧȥȻʥرϣҲرѣǸѡ뿪ֻԾȡ
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Ҳûһ£ܷ򵽷֮ʥİǲУҲҪһ£ôɲķ


1185  ʥ
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ŵĵڶ𶯾ûзǰĿֲˣ˵ȽƽŮפȴǿҵĲǲûɴģĽﵹƺ𶯣ȴƻԵġ
лĵĸӦһ£𶯣ؼԪ㿪ʼ۹ԷΪģڷԵĸ˵ѾʥأǶлȷǷԵ˵ͬǰġ
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ԭŵǣ¶˾ϲҿʼǷ֮ʥ۹ȥΪԪء
лĿԶһС
֣䶯ˣ䶯еǻ𡢽𡢹ԣҲͬлˣ޷ȫԪĺô֣ͬǷ硢ˮԣǡǡҪ
֣൱Ĳ
Ȼûл῿֮ʥҲȻԼܹﵽ봦һϻձ֮£
ԭǿлģлδ֮ȻƲ𣬲Ŀл˦ôԶľ룬żˣʶʵĲпᣬҲʼˡ
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֣ľٶŮ˵ע⣬Ҳ׷׿ʼ
ˣڲҪ޻򿪿ڵ
ڿ޻֪ʶлǺŵģο޻Ҳһη֮ʥʥ
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л̶һۣһϲ
ʵǾ˵֮ʥһҪԣ
ǣ֮ʥǷԣɷ֮ʥ˻µǸǾ߱ŴԵġ޻˵
ô˵ǻлඣֱӲ˻µ̴ϲҪĻ䶯ǹҪˣ츳ǳ̬ģһܹġ
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ҲǰҲûһ£ܷջ
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Ļδ䣬ؼԪȻޱŨԲ԰ڵԪڹŨ񣬾ȻѾγŨ
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֮ʥıҲ˷˾޴ı仯ԭǺͨʯһţҽطһĨĹΣһЩͼƣأлȷЩͼں׷ֵʥڵͼƺơ
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˵Զϣлᣬǻǲʹ˷ŹûвʲôҪȥһµġ
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޻ЩŶʮǰǳսɱɵģȻȴźǿҵɱ⣬һױзǳֲĹԡ
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֪лһóԲʮڵűͳͳų貵ĹâѸٵ˫֮ϻ۹ȥ
лϴ߶ճ壬ɲðա
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ÿһŶһĨɫΣлΧһ˿˿籾ԴųԶƬڣܿƬ۱ͷųǿҵĿϢ
Ƭ۶ȻܹͷųĿϢƬЧȻѣǿ޻껹Ԫ޵츳лԣֻø˵ջ
ûüˣ͸оԾˡ
Щڼ۵һ֮󣬾ȻѸٵɢǻл˫֣ΧƣҶǰһйɵķ裬⻹㣬ڵҲƺܵ˸Ӧ㣬ز
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׸ͷϷ
׵羹Ȼ֪ʲôʱ۵лͷϷҴŷǳǿҵĻϢƺݻлһ
ĺлļ
лòԾԶ׵ĵط֪նǻžȻȫһɫû壬ǽճ嶼޷ӣ޷Ųֺ


1186  λһ
лʩչʱ侲ֹߡءֶ˵ģûбܵ൱ĲҪʩչܣڶתȴ޷ڱŷȥնЩŵɫ˿ߣھȻоЩɫ˿ߣ·ȫһ㡣
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ڿ޻꣬лŬ۾ƲȥȹͿҲ⵽ͬȵˣ޷ӳ
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леǿо޴·ױȵֻƺЩ鸡ʱܱһ㣬Щȫ׺֮лҲеԼĺ󱳾Ȼһ˿˿ȸУƺҲųһ
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пܣܶࡣ޻˵
۶лǷǼͻƵģ
޻ǾܣǧǰǼ֮ͻƣȽģһ£Ҫʱȥޣвκ谭֮·Ӵ˽һ˳ûκε⡣
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ȻŮˣܹӵǱҿǽҪһ·ֱͨʮսʼٶҲȻǳѸͣһɳȻĵˣҪ˶ɱҡС
л˸âھȥǿŴзǳµĹԣôŻ۹ȥԼʱǰȥǱŸˣֻʱ͡
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л֪Ļˣ˻µ弴ֳ


1187  λ
ɫ⻪죬ˮ࣬ƣϣףڣḷ̌ƣÿһɫһԡ
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л˫Ŀ˵񶼳ȥУһжʧˣֻǾɫĹ⻪
ͬԲƵؾɫ⻪ɢУȻγһ״Ƿ֮ʥıҲûƲ㣬ʹǾɫƼһ㣬ء
˻µľϵ塣
ɫЯ磬⾡Ƿݵ棬磬طƱ仯ƺصס
лУֻʣɫ⻪
ϵĻɫϵϹ⣬ľϵâɫ壬ĺأ׵ĸͣľелҲӦĸɫϢҲƮһأһͣһƽ
лı仯Կ޻ԣظолĶȻȻڼٵûпȥֻھĲ壬ִ˵ǱлȻ
޻굱ʩչԪ޵츳ǣԪ
Ϊ֮ʥʥԭԪ쳣ĳ棬ټϿ޻ʩչ츳Ƭֻ̣һζȥ˻µлʹﵽƽٶȡ
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ļ䲻ϵϵ塣
أͿлĶЩı仯ԭһӣӿȵļŲǿ˾ʹл׼սʼλǿĳϾѾͻֻһߵľ롣
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ںѾͻƾ磬ƫƫ뿪˭Ҳ˭˾лʼմ׼սʼλľ磬ֶԾڷٵţмӿļ
𣡡
ǾɫȻһ
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ȻԪɵģǺܶ඼ʣʹöޣһ£ǺģһսǾͻֵ쾡£ͬȾʩչͬȶˣӵĶǿǶȴﵽ൱߶ȣԾּ佫ֻܵġ
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žɫԲĵӰϵ̬еĶʼʣҲʹжѸٵļ
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ԭܶ˶Ƿٵ磬ŶѸٵļ٣翪ʼٵ»൱һ˵ľ粻ûʼٵ»˲֮ǰľ硣
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ԭϵѾﵽÿһֶ൱׼սʼλĵزӵĻܹ׼սʼ۷ģѸ͵ļĶȴﵽһ̬ĵزǶȴѾӦˡ
Ϊͻƾģڿȥл֪ĻĶȾͻܵӰ죬ͻˣս»ϣлûǿͨײٿϵ˳ϾҪսߣͱЩһսʣԾɲ׼սʼλĶ֣Ƕȣôľˣս½Ծֻܺһսʼֹˡ
ο޻ӵԪǣԪ츳еƬ۶ѾӣٶȻģͻֻʱ⣬ֺαΪͻƶ˷ﵽǷزĻء
лûȥš
ƽϢԺиַŲľɫеϵϵľϵ壬ϵļţϵεȥ⣬ϢҲûеľɫԲĵӰĳЩƶȡ
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Ҳ֪ȥ졣
ǾɫԲڵжĴȶﵽ˷ǳֲĵز˵ĶټڻţɫԲĵӰȻѣɢ֮ɫԲҲʼѣһĶ±ȥ
лϵҲ⡣
ع飬Ҳϵ뿪
ϵ»عлڣ뵤ڣ˴໥ںûʲôͻƵĸолȻﵽ׼սʼλľ磬һǰĿһĸ߶ȡ
ͻл֮УܵĻǶĴȣȻԭӵĴԵսȻҲžõ
лףͷҲõԵȻдɵļ
ž׵Ҳ𲽵δսʼҲʼ޷ӳȫٶлӵǿˣδӳҲӶˣ׵˽жϣԭֻҪﵽսʼɷȫҪﵽսʼϣӳ׵ǿˡ


1188  ڡһ
֮ʥһʥʮĹ
ʮŮפ˶ԣһջڣǾҲ˷ܣΪȴﵽ˷ǳ̬ĵزǵսõȻ粻࣬ڼġ
츳ǱҪ䶯졢֣졢աѦ˸߳һߵ̣ҲֻǱԭľ磬Ծ׼սʼλѾͻƵıԵҲ˵ʱܿ׼սʼ۷徳硣
ˣ֪˵ľҲ޵ġ
лҲˣҪ˵ջģǸصĸֺ˿
˵츳˼ҶǷԵģܹ֮ʥİõ൱ŵļӳ֣ڵظ֣ʵǿֲģ˿лҲر۲죬ŮѾ׼սʼλͻͽ磬Է֮ʥİ֮࣬ڵأظԭʵͿҲɣµĻǴԺͨ裬ٶȽľˡ
ˡ
սʼĻգͻƣսҲӦѩѦٷ֮ʥʥ֮󣬼ѡ˱չأȻѦҪһսʼȥˡ
䶯֣Ҳ˶ս۷弶ҲΪ˱͵͵Եʣͬһľ磬ǾͻԾԶĺܣϾԽߣͻҪĶǳɱġ
Ůפڵˣ˵õ˼
ԣŮǱĺôҪĶ࣬Ͼ˶õӦĺôҲöȵˡ
лڵһʱ䷵Լס
˸±չһ죬ȹԼʥʮڵõ
̽㣬㰲ÿ޻ͷԪ޵츳Ǳ㾡׼ս۷弶л̾Ͳһͻƣ
ЦҡҡͷȻֻǲһ㣬ɱϾ׼սʼ𣬿һζĿҲδܹͻƵģһҵĴսܸͻƣͺ㣬Щ棬ж೤ʱһζĿ޵ģΪʲôͻô죬õ㣬͵ÿսԱԼߵģܼԼǱսŻģĳɳҪеĻٶȿĶ࣬Ӿ飬ҲһζĿˡ
Ҳáл֪˵ʵԼڲϵսпģһսԵսһξҪȰĿһµЧҪԣȥǻʹںɡ
δĶ̳֡
лЦ֪ʹںҲŷ֮ʥʥȻδͻƣɿ϶ģ̽㲻ҪǣҲͻˣͬȾˣҲ򲻹ȴ͵Ϯ
ӵлһζ͵Ϯ֮ٶлž㲻Ƕ֣ӦⲻǺܴ
̿лͻȻЦ
Цʲô
ܹٶ֮ԭˣԭľ磬һսʣӦа˳ɵİջܣڴʮˣҪһսʵս㻹мɣҲǰ˳ңԭһսʲʤ㣬һսأһİջʤ𣿿ɶսȴܹɵĻһսʣۻʹںҲõǼʤ㣬㾹Ȼȥ͵Ϯսٶȿݵĸԭ򡣡̷
лͷЦҲûðǸоһսûսԣҪǶˣδܹӦĹ鷳սһ¶սʵǲѡ񡣡
ͷӣ̸еһܰлǵʱǰ
ҪСкѾܹĴˡ
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СɽҲᴩŮפأֻɽ´½ֻǺСССɽˡ
лͿʹںصһСɽ
ףʹںڡδ̵Ķͨ㽫һжԺˣȻû˻ʹںӰ
ˣлɻҿ
˱㿪ʼѰ
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ǵ͹ʹںˡɫصĵʹںڷ֮ʥʮʥУӵͻƵĻᣬӦýزչȡͻƽսʼ˲ǡ
лҲΨ˽ˣҪչصġ뵽Ҳ겻ѣεʮʥջܴĴڰʹںҪսʼˣ߰ɣǻȥ
û˻ʹںҲԸڴ˾ô
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Ըо֮лϵĲзļ󣬡ǲǷйصĶ
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һɽǰͣ
л̱ʩչֱɽ·ͨĶͨĹ۲죬ǵӡλɽ·ʮ׵λá
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ӡ֮һȽϿֱͨ棬˱㵽СĵĽǿطĹսǴǰûˣ̵Ķͨ۲죬ҲĻ˾ǣȻ濴ȥ
һԲεķӡطλã滹ŵĹΣлһͬӡˮʥһ޶ȻǰδʹķӡҲһһǿߡ
ڷӡΧˡ
лʶģһĽض֮ǰѪ׼սʼ۷ǿߣȴѾһսʼľ磬仯ле֮࣬Լֹض
ѩѦҪһʱıչأܿһսʼģضȻܹɵͻƣʾʵһ㣬лŪˣضʧȥѪ飬һЩѪ龫ǱˣʱѾͻƽ׶ˣʥʮգγɹͻƵģǱѦǿ
һŮĸ֣̰ıܻ顭櫣Ҳεʥʮ֮󣬿һսʼ
ˣҲһսʼлĸо˵ʵƺ櫺ضҪ߳һЩӦͻƾˣʥʮõ൱͡
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ǿݣ⻹㵱ʹںҪɱǵһսʼǿߡ̿ˣü𣬸о̺ĽɳĸƺԶ֪鱨ʾݣѾһڳսʼĶսʼʹںߴһսʼ⻹ֻǲŮפصĸ֣ô̺Ľܾݵڵĸأ
лֱָ棬񻹲ֹЩء


1189  ڡ
̵ĶͨлķΧ㣬Ժиֻ棬ֻǿ󣬷ûע⵽Զ۹࣬ʮˣΪ׵Ҳһսʼ׼սʼģлܹǣҲΪöӦ̵֤ĸ֡
ۼлʶط²һķӡһǿߵĵطôˡ
˵غп̺Ľ尲Ůפڵһܾݵ㣬һϢ鱨֮ĶǴﴫݳȥģˣǴ˵صĸжϣл֣̺ĽǲĸֿԶԶǵ֮ˡ
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ǰˮʥοӡ壬Դɢʧģǽ֣ҲԷӳΪ׸ʱսһ򿪣Ȼǵ˷ʱ򣬿¾ͱȽ鷳ˡ˵
лһ£Ц϶ǵע⣬Ͼ䶯ͷƽʥ֣ʥѪ䣬ʵ϶൱ĸˣһڵһʱӦģҲȻϹĻܶЩһ򾡣ǵǣЩˣûӡµǿ뿪
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ǷӡΧĴΧŷӡ˴ͷѹƷӡƺΪʥʮյԵʣǱӡǿҲŷǳİĴһսʼּӹ̷ӡ
ضĽķӡܷܲӡҪǵĴ¡ĴһսеĵλҪߣѾضǴĿ
ضȻЩУɲûзӡһǰµģʱǸʵǿҲ׼սʼȻҪƷӡҲ̫ܣļأӡǿߣǶǱԴģǿߵԲǿġ
˵ҲеڳӡƺгɹĿܣ°ԴʵȻڵӣȻԳƷӡܹܲڷӡܹɣ櫺ɵ
ҲضЦ
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Ůʹʱ䣬Ů߲㣬΢һ룬ˣŮǧǰģʱرһصˣʼû˷֣ҿ֮Ůפؾͷ˸Ըı䣬֮£ŷӡӰ죬ӡŵǿܹҲֻǣǧʱ䣬Ѿ൱ֲĵزˡ
ճӦ˲ǣڿӡӰˣ߳һͻƷӡǱȻŷǳвӰǵȫ̼ƻ
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л̸ոǱ£׼һ˿΢ӷӡµķӡ͸˳
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ôĿľֻǽ֮ˣл֮ʶޣǿֲܿڣһڣҪлҲȻлŽ֮һ˿΢Ӵ˳˿ݽǷӡ档
Ϳǿ¶˷֮ɫĵͷȺܴĿľҪл˼Ҫ֮


1190  Եסһ
֮룬лԸоǴݳһ˿΢Ծ˵ٶȱţֻת˲䣬߱࣬Ƿӡڵǿߵ̬ҲʼѸٵ
֮ĽģҲܹΪ׼ʥģǿɲǰһȫĵɱ䣬Ͼʥ޵ģɾʥֻҪɳǾǾǿߣصǿлеǿߵҲ൱ľˣԴˣûʵǸӵı̬
лҡ
ˣǿ߼룬ȻֻкôûлҲû֪ͨǵĸǰĻǿߺѼʥˡ
֮ͳͳݳȥ
ǷӡڵǿҲѸٵлͷлҲָָ棬Ӷһɵ˼һ
ǿ߳ӡ޷һ³忪ӡҲܹһսʼӰģлǵļƻ£лĬ
ɱ
лͺһȻһƻе̡
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ضǽӡԷɱԭӡĻһǰµģ̺Ľ˴Ȼ˵ģһħйأһйأȻ˵ģʶҪĽֵתֹɴݻٷӡ
е𶯣ɱ⴫ʱضҪδƶֺһȵ˺ѵĸоӿ´
һ˸źɫǹͻأĴӵðֱӵĿɣͱСᴩţֱͷ̵ӰҲ֮ضðһض㷢˱ը
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ǿҵ櫺ʸһսʼǿߣǸոӦȱɷء
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ֻױɱҪѷɫ׶죬η׶޷͵ϮȻᱻ֣ҷ׶Ҫһʱģл׷Ŀ졢׼ݣȡǿһһսʼǿһɱ
ܶʱܹ𵽻ֵá
ƾ辭һɱľ棬߱ҷֶΣһȭúǰ

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Ҳϳлݡ
Ĵһսʼблɴݻ٣Ҳĸ޹⣬Ƕó˰ٷְٵһл


1191  Եס
лҲ֪Ĵһսʼַų֣ȫϾҪǵǣҪһսನӡǿߣԶʮ׼սʼַ֣ӡ˼ɣȻܹӳȫ˵ĻҪԵľµΧˡ
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Ĵһսʼ̫ǿˣȻͻ˾磬֮ǰǴɱ׿һսʣҲ׿ڸոͻƲãս׿еκһ˶޷Կġ
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ߵһУлǳ׳ѵļ󣬲ҽһ㣬л硣

ȴײ
ǳѾֵסһųɵʣµԽճ壬޷ͻˡ
лҪľЧֻΪ޷ͻǳ׵ģڿԼǵ͹˱֮ʵΣнճķ˫ط赣ġ
סлҲ˳ɵȥ

˫ֵ𿪣ǳֽζûб׸ǲ˳ɵڏϣһ¾ͽĿѪбѵļ
ߴŭӽն
ʸŬҲʱ˻ɱ
أ
лɲԸǾһţֱӽߵķ˳ȥҲʩչٶȳȥ
Ҫȡ
ܹĴսʵʱȡʵΨһİ취ٶȣھԵٶ֮£ܹӮ
֮£л˲䵽ǰ
ߣˣл˵Ż׺ďûУĿɵǰ
սһĨ貵ĵС
նɱ֮лһţԭʧ

ʸսʵĹҲա
ŏԲȫеƣĿӣսʶŭˣƵĿ
ŭŭȻ侲
ҪֿǱֹ͵Ϯߵͺȵ
սʼֵ˴˿ŶԷγһΣܣͬʱŵ
Ѿʶˣ൱Ľ
͵Ϯл״̾һ߾ɴɽгȥˡ
ع鵽Ƿӡ֮ء
䡭
ǿĳսʼķӡЩѣʮ׼սʼлǲͬεģʶǿߵĳ൱ңʮҲֻǿܣˣǷӡҲѺۣѵļ
̺櫣Ѿͨˣ
л温
ֻ֪һλᣬһ֣սʱȻֹֻ֪ƾһιЩ׼սʼ֡
ɱ
лʳָһ㡣
ǷӡļɱȻȥ
ĺָⱬȥ˲佫ض磬ǽе׼սʼˡ
漴һ裬ͻأĳڱڵء
壬Ǳ⶷޷Լ֣ɽкɱǱɱá
ֻһ˲䣬׼սλĸֱɱ
ͬʱлɽսʷŭĿ֪ʱ䲻ˣӶɵӶ˳ȥ
ȺɱȻҪųն
лңŬ
Ļ޷вллĳٶȣȺɱȻĵӰâЩ׼սʼ֣սʶУ޷һʱˡ
𣡡
ǿ߸ǾӦı仯ȻΪ͵Ĺ׺ݵĳײǿֲķӡ
䡭
˸ڣķ
ɲǼ䣬屬ѡ
ȴ׼ս۷弶ǿߣͳͳлĵ֮¸һ׼սʼ۷ǿҲĿѪϵĵˡ
վȣ
ӡݻ١
һӴӰЯѹƵ֮˷ӡڸ߿գǿֲͷһɫĶͬһɨѪŽǶǼͬ棬׼սʼ۷ֵĲ㽫ǵԴնˡ
׼սʼȫ


1192  Եס
Ӵľռ֮Ŀռ䡣
ͨںڣϵƬÿһöȭͷС˸İĹâܵϣ¶˸İĹâͬкɵһ㡣
һͷʥǾͷƽʥֻһԴǺɫۼףǽɫģͷˣһ˫ۺŹɭȻ£ͷͻĸÿһ鶼ԵĳµĻͷһǣǣȴ·оǶҪ£лֻǿһۣǵķ̶ȣͳ̶ȣ׼սʼɵҪѷɫһߵģܹսʼĶǡ
ִľצĸһ㣬ÿһֻҪʮ˲ܹϱ˵ɫģҲǸ˸оΣյľǶǺβˣβͨβûʲôƫƫɨ͸һĪľС
ն
ɱ֮
ɱ
֣սɫˣ˾
֪ӡһǿߣĽļУûϸصʲôΪӡĸڷӡ֮󣬱ȫˡ
ǵǿ֣߳˶ˡ
лҲһ㵡
Ϊɱն
л뵽ʥǸСƨʦԤǾ仰ʹʥͽ档
ԭʰ֮ʥɱ䣬Ҳˣһϵееֳ֣ȻԤʾٴǿˡ
Զԣն塣
Ϊնųɱ
ҲǻԻʱڣ϶аն֣һն֣ôֲʱΪնвʣӣɱ֮Ҳ˵ն̫Ѫȣ̫̣̫ϲɱ¾
ʮǰʱǰϹʥʱնŻԻޱȵս͵ħǰéΣմڣΪ̫ɱ̫ս̫ɱ¾ǳǧնɱ綼ͷ۵Ĵ֮һ
ˢ
ռ֮ռİնѸٵСͬʱǽõ֮ٵ壬»عлУնҲѸٵļ
֮ɲþܽõġ
֮ʰеȻܹãҲǳĿֲɱҲһ޷ܡ
սʼ״۾ˡ
лЦһʩչ
Сл߷Ӧ죬æʸŬǱ
Ļ䣬͸е󱳴ɭɭĺ⡣
л͵Ϯ
һֱߵʵûлеѣ侲ľȴле쳣ļ֣ʼѡնɱˣ˾͹в
ѸٵǰԽŤף֣ɨĶһǳɣлɱɨն˵ͻ
͵ϮȻʧܡ
лɱȴʢˡ
ɶ籩
ļŭҺ̬ľҵıսӦǾ͸о˱ļ
սʾ֮࣬æִ߶ȫľ⡣
𣡡
սʶǼ˵ħѪ̸֣ǵľȽϣ˲һ𣬹һѷ񽣣׺ݵĴɱȥ
лľ籩Ҳӭӹȥ
εľ͵ײ
ռ䶼ײ˵̫񱩣˻ԡ
ǡ
սʵľ۵ķڷ籩ת֮£һɶ籩ҲѸٵļȻ൱սʵϣǿ񱩵̼Ѫɳȥͷ˵ʹ·Ҫըһ㡣
лһѸٵͻ
ųն
ȺɱС
βǳģսʼܵ籩Ӱ˲䣬Ĺ
𣡡
ȷӦ侲ĽѪǿʹƴͬʱһԾȥ
ʸŬӦԳٶֵۣʱлĹѾ˽ǰ
ۡ
һƬսʵϡ
һʱѪȷ硣
ɢٿսʣʸŬңǵϵĵ˾͸Ͳ
ͬƲأûˣ̫ڷḻΣҲǵסĵ⣬ֻǳܶвơ
籩϶δսնɱɴ˿ɼһսʼֵļͳ̶ȣҪɱһ˼򵥣ѣ˵Ļ˾ͻΣˡ
ಣ
лĶû˿ͣһ֣ɵȥ
޶
ɵתɳһ߱㵽ŬǰѾԵŬҧŸǿֵ

סɵ
ɵתһӴԱߵʸ񲱾ǰٴλնʸĺشʸҽжûܷ㵱
ʸ񡭡ŬеĺճǰһĨâɵȻٶתֱӴ͸沿ڵϡ
ͬʱлҲȭߡ
ḻﻹԸѸٵߡ
ܵ𣿡
ոճȥףǰӰл㵲סȥ·
лٶȾͱǿĶ֮࣬ˣ޷лٶȡ
Ҹƴˣ
ۼˣ㷢Ƶɱȥ
лһҲȥ
ȭ֮ɱ
һȭػн͸ˣನǴѪлȻ̧ͷһȭ
ױɱ
ף
ȭĿ޻˻𣬴߷ʹױɱлһɫȭӰصĺߵϡ
ըУ߱顣
Ĵսʣȫɱ
𣡡
𣡡
Ҳʱ
л֪Ӧ䶯ͷƽʥ֣ǶȻǸӦ˰նϢϾնĵλǻҪߣеɱ
Ҳл֮󣬲ע⵽Ӵİնɱ
նлǡ
ûҪΪ壬ҵǰӦõģȻҲǿ롣л˵
֮˰ûκԽʵ֪Ϊʲô𣿡ûлشлĻնʵ
κ嶼ԣ
лסˣΪʲôԣ
Ϊ֮Ҹ͸ġնĵ
ʲôлɴ۾ŵĿŰնȻ֪֮ģϹʰ͵ģϹʰɵģǾԭʲôȴ֪
նһǰŽƿӡġ
л֪ͳϵ֮նȻȷʥˣʥֱŵϣʱ
һԸն˵
áлͷת̣̽㣬أ
̵ˣҺ˸ƽ֣˭Ҳûռˣͽˡ
лЦǸȥˣ
ϱߡָָ
лͷڴʱ뿪
ƾл̺Ͱն뿪ˡ
һһ͵ԶСɽĵطֹ˷֣лдŰնȥʥأ뿪ˡ
лһ뷨櫡
ΪðıҪ͵ĸ֣лţ櫣ܹĿ֪̽õ鱨


1193  ɱһ
ָķлʩչϷ쭶ȥͬʱĶͨѰҵ櫵Ӱȡá
ٵķɳۣʹлһߣڿһ켣
Ƶ磡
л״ٶչķг̣ٶ֮죬ͬ׵磬˲Ϣǧס
лҲš
ϾѾﵽ״̬ĸоڵĸоҪǿǣϾʥ䣬ɵһǿǧ׵羫ںϷ֮ʥɵģʹڵʤճ̬жϣЧû췭ظı仯Ҳܹ൱һЩġ
ȫٷС
֮磬лһƮȻĸо
һķУǷ񶥷磬ǰжε谭ģȴûָоǹ谭бųˣ˲Ϣǧ֮ĸоҲޱȵΧķ洵Ƿ絽ĽǰȴԶԷָûжκε谭
֮һ
˱ٶȸ죬ˡ
лԴȻʮֵܣĶͨţŷԲǧڵһϢȴʼû櫵Ӱ
ţ
УͻȻһϮлҲû⣬Ͼ⸽ûˣǱ˹֮£вǡ
ǿϮл͸еƵںϺ񱻳һ㣬²ߣٶȻΪķжЩҡˣлδġ
ֻһѡ
һǿĸֹأҪԼǳıУп顣
ô£лͣ
վգӦ֮䣬ͺǱǿϵһܲι̡
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ѵл뵽֮ǰ˵һ˵ֻŮ塢Ľ塢ʹ嶼һͬص㣬ǾǶӵԼ
Ϊӵ㣬ںϣں
лͨһ㣬ɵһƣʲô뵽֮ΣɵһЦ֮ñڴ˰Ƿ˹
ѵԼҲҪһ
뵽ϣлȻʧЦȻǲܵģֻԼ뱻С
ҡҡͷ黹֮ܲ
л·
һζǰ쭣ǿʼΧѰϣܹҵ櫵ټ׷׷ȥҲδܷ櫵ӰɳĴΧĺѲߵԱбѩ塢Ů塢塢ҡҵȵȣɵģԱлһһսʼģɼ˷䶯Ƕˡ
Ůפس̵ĸ֣еңǶԣǷŭ⡣
˭Ըⱻ
лҲ׷ѰƣӦֱ󺣵ײߵģȻĻôӹѰ
лתǰʥء
㽫ն赱衣
նĵλʥǵĵλƣڽʺʥ֮ĴڣҶǺսӣǵϣƾ䣬ǰնǻԵģӵл漫Ʒİҹס
ⰵҹ׿ǺܹƾһֻܹΪĳ
뺣ǱС
лںǧ׵λнҲк޳ûϵ֮΢ͷųһ˿Щ޸ûиڿ׷Χ֮ڵģҲͨ衣
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ѸٵĿ£ȥ
ͿںǧҵĵطһεĵطȻŽǧĽ֣൱һǵѪĸ֣ȻѪ鱻лݻ٣Щ˵Ѿɵɫģ׼Ѫʹֻսûȫ߱Ѫʹص
˹лһԼ֣Ȼ̫ʵ֪ͨǵˣΧˣп϶̵֪ܾݵ㣬˱ܹ֮ʳġ
뵽л㷵غ棬ϢдһֽϣжһŮˣѾ䶯죬ŷģȻ뿪عʥء
УͿðĺͰնš
һ飬ȴлĹ
ҵˣʵ
лҡͷûУĽһݵ㣬Ϣ䶯ˣܹЩĽ˵Ŀʳ̵ľݵ㡣ְ߽նѾСһ˿ϢͱѾǩԼΪˣ⵹ел֮⣬һһͦͶԵ㣬ð⣬˷ܵӣǷ˰ɡ
ȥһ˹ȥ
ЦŶ㿪лվڰնĽǰְնȻ׼սʼλĵزǧޣ˵Ӧֻʵɣ
ΪıԴߣѪڵΪֹһֱǱѪӡŵģûرԴܹع״̬ʱ򣬰ĿǰƶϣҲսʼľ硣費Ȱնڣ˵
Դںδлʵ
ˮʥûعıԴҲ֪Դһԣζʲô
ֻôʱ䣬˵նıԴǷ񻹴ڡ
뵱ˮʥıԴͲ㱻ˮ޸ˣתΪˮԼ
ұԴЩʹˣڷӡ֮󣬾ȫľǵʱֻǽҵıԴӡһʹʯڣҸӦһ£ʹʯӦûŮפڣλ󸽽ƺ˵ͨʯǽˡն˵
лһðնıԴȻǽˣģһȥ϶ҳʹʯʲôص㣿
ʹʯȥһͨʯͷĸӦĻᷢһ˿΢Ĺȥʯмʯ̶ͬɵģʹͼն˵
ֻҪû˷֣һᾡҳ͹ġл˵һת㱻ӡĵط̺Ľ嵱Ůפڵһܾݵ㣬һЩǵϢ
һ㣬лоնӦϢǣ櫲˵նһƳӡӰȫ̼ƻ
ն˫˸һĨ̵ɭȻâ
ɱѪɱ¾Ĵʣر˶ˣҲˣѾɱĿ֮һ
֪鵹Ҳ࣬ȻѾܳʱˣǴ󲿷ʱ䶼Ϳյɽ̸顣ն˵ֻΣ櫺ʸн̸Ҳ֪һЩ̺Ǵ˴жһ顣
лΪҲ֪һЩ櫵˵жû뵽Ȼ̵һЩ飬֮ϲ
һֱ˭֪ʲôطڲʲôȵȣһŲ֪˵̵˿֮£й֮
̵ܹ֪һЩʼնл
̵˵˴жɣҲдԱһΪܹ֤ǵõͬʱҲܱǵȫ
նشŮ˿̵ˡ
ۣ
ξƵлһڽˮ˳ȥ


1194  ɱ
˿̵ˣ
Ϣ˵ҲǴĳ֮ģлĿУ˿ȾŮմȨߣȻŮ峤Զԣ˿ϴ࣬峤ܶʱΪǴ峤ġ
ξɴһĵλǳ֮ߵġ
ƾݣԱпƣŮڻж˱˿ȸˣ
б˿صôô
леƬ۶ӳģ˿ȽӴʱ࣬ȴʼûв
л㵵ʱ򣬰նسһ˵ϢĴϰҲ̵ˡ
ɣ̲סˡ
Ƕ֮Ȥ趼˶䣬ʵϢ̫гˡ
ϾȻ̵ˡ
Ҫ֪һֱ񣬶а˿ģŮǣҲΪ̸ģжϵĻǼǣʵ͸ˡ
һ㣬л֪Ļоǿ
п
νǿΪԼãƽʱ򣬱Ƶ볣ΨҪʲôʱ򣬲ŻʧȥԼ˼룬һб˿Ƶġ
ֶǰյģôǷѾ˴̫Ůĸأ
ǵĻôͱȽϡˡ
ΪǱĽɱģ
ĽȻ֣յǾԲðģϾĿ̫ˣȫ֪ĽŮֶģô
̵ˣеħѪˣл֪͸Σϸѯʡ
նûУ櫵˵ǣΪ˱֤˾ԵİȫʼûмڵĵħѪֹ˷֣˱ǸǵĽһЩıܹΪϣҲЩӵеħѪȥģôŬѾ൱һֵлһЩݵλ֮ˡ
ѹҵ޷ǣѪδлֹȻǵˣΪʲôᱻĽɱ
Ľɱʲôʱ飿նʵ
лˡ
նܣʥʱ򣬰ұӡĵطģѾս۷弶ˡ
Ȼûл
ֻǵðһ仰˵ΪҪƿڶˣ뼤ѪҪͬ˱֮Ҳ뿪ġն˵
ƿڶˣ

˿ȹȻʩչڿƴĸ֣лһʱԺи˵ҪûʹںڵĴսʷԼŮŮûмѪǾпǱƵġ
ҳնɱл
жһǵУŮڼŴƵĸ֣ôΣյĲǣʥǵĸ֡
лɲ鷢
ֻףԼǰɱģһ̴ͷ棬Բм٣ǻĻʱʵҲܹӦĳƫƫû
Ǹİ
̺ĽΧ֮ǰһ޵ķʸžܵļƻ˵
Ľ嵹Ҳˣ̻Σ֮л̵ĽӴԽԽ̺ܲ򵥣鱨ɻģ
նһ£ǾҲ̡
ϢڿʹںʱлѾµˣȴ֪飬飬ʮǰʱҲʱ̲ų棬ǰϹʥҲδ֣ôλ֣Ǻ̹˵̶Ǽ˵ħѪˣڵħˣΪʲôȥħأ
лĵط
˵컨׹Ҳã˵ıҲգһӹɵģĽǰʹ壬ǿ֮һǽ˼ȷ棬Ľ֮ǰ֮ҲһֻǱϵģһ漰棬ûκһ֮Ϊǲ˼磬ڹС
̵Ľһ
ճ˵ЩµĺޣżҰĵЩϹʥʵĵˣҲԲ֮ġ
Ӧú̵Ľйءն˵
櫣лҪˣ櫵֮Ѫӡ䣬̫̫飬Ϊһͳ˼磬࣬Ȼ޶ˣŮ̫թˣһķ֣ڱڣĴεЩǲ飬ɺް
һķ֣ն
лͷ櫵ȷһķ֣䶯졢֣ڵɫڣıڣڱڿޣȡʮսʼľɡ
նзâܹﵽһķ֣櫵ѪɾͲ̫ƽˡ
˵ǺʮǰʱĵħʷϵһħѪͨлԼ֪˵˳ûж԰ն
ԭˣѹ֡ն˵Ӵ淺һĨɫĻ棬һ֪Ҳ൱Ĵ󣬡Ҳ̫ǣ޵һⷽĴмģȻӲ飬Ҳ֪Լݣħ˺ģЩ̺ޣӦ櫶ǶЩֽţ֮µأŻģӦò̫Ǻǡ
Ҳǡлͷ˷ĽֳǳĸֻǳĶࡣ
նֻ֪˵ǿʮİջʤľͲǺˣ̸۶Ǳҵġ
ıȻҲܵıһЩӰģ¿϶СģԲ˵һЩء
ԴлҲȽŵġ
ʲôطл̵֪һЩܣǵھȻ̵֪ڵء
նλںĳ֮ϣħʩչϻǺѷֵģǸӦرе˲п̵ܷ֣һЩΣЩ̸۵ʱ򣬲ûڣ櫵ĵλ磬رִУû˸ӣǳ֮⣬Ҳкܴķ硣
зð
ʲô硣лϣ˵Ӫо޴ķ磬ԼŻӵ
ƺһ˵һͳ˼֮櫾ͽ뿪˼磬عħ磬ƴħ֮λ˼ЩӵеħѪƹܣҲ̵Ľ֮λսն˵
лԺһӸٰ֣ıһ֮󣬰ı˵Ļ
ʱıҲἰ櫻뿪Ҫ֮̽λġ
ħͨ˼ͨѾɱˣֻһ϶ܹ϶ȫ櫻ʲô취صħ磿лܲỹһͨɣܰеĻħ͹ˡ
϶ն˵
лô
ն˵ƺаһЩ˳˲ֱãڸطоǿ϶ʱ䣬ٴˣǵŬƺһɹ
ѾѪȫǷѪӵʴװѾȫ߱˳׷Ǹ϶лЦֻҪҵǸ϶һܹ׷Ǹ϶ġ
Ը˰ɡն˵
һ㣬лźܴģĲµֶΣΪ
˱ˣԼδȫܹɹɵͬѪ˸Եɱ䣬˾žǻ۵ľŮӣõʴװʼлеԷɱǷ϶ĳְգ˵ĳ̵ʶ
նЩһ㣬ڱϹʱĩڵĸ֣ƺҲ٣лЩԺ֮


1195  ɱ
̵лɢɢյһЩ鱨һǵʵ֮ǿ֪ҪʥֲпܶԿδ֪ʥҲδ̡ܹܵ
ʥر꣬ڼ䣬û
ǡǡ෴ƴ޶ϵʵ֮ǿȻѾʥصԱˡ
սʣҪܶϺ𣿾ʥأѴĲϣֻʮսʵĵز̰˵ǰҲǺһʥȣʱռϣӦòкܶɡл
ն˽׷ôġ
лһ˼ǣ׷ձֶͨΣƶִĻᣬʱǾѾʼΪıˣǵӦòϸ࣬սʼǿ߸ࡣ
ûն˵
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֮£л͸еԪŨȻﵽһǳ˵ĵزٶȱȷ֮ʥʥʱٶ˿
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1196  ʹʯһ
һҹˣºʲôЧﵽл׼սʼλ磬һµĿҲδжЧͬʥṩԪƬ۵֧֣п޻ṩԪ츳֧֣֧£һҹޣ൱һµ
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1197  ʹʯ
һĹ
ԭѾĸۼ˿̸˷ˣŮֺǿ߶ڡ
ǽ䶯ֹӡ
֣һϻ۹ۿҪ֤ͨһлʵΡ
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ǿлʵҪжϵҪ߰˵ǱѩĶѦѦѾչسսʼˡ
䶯ߵǿΣǻɱһսʼģŭлֻᵹù
Ȼ޷лǿ˵زʵ
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Ϊǵ֪ġл

ŭˣһϺȣͬգΧֶؿѪӿΪʮ򼶵ͳͳ෭ƣеĸſѪŻǳ˺
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˵ͬʱһζл󲽲סΣٿվȻֻǺһС
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Ҫ֪лʩչġ߱족ǶеļƷȻҲδռ˿ˣĶУΨݲܹռˣ⶷Ҫʱ䣬㹻ûճûնɱεġ
лĶ߻ն˵Ļ


1198  Ұһ
֮ԽҺ̬ٿҺ̬ࡣ仰簵նĶ˵һ㡣
Һ̬
籩
лˣ㶯һµ뷨ȻԼĶ޷ռƣǾֻ⾫籩ˣֶεӦøǿǡ
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εлΧγɣûɢȥ
л۱ŻգɱԽԽңɱϣҲҪи𾴲ǣһǸݣǰҪʥ֮в

Ψ˿־壬ܹ֤Լ֮󣬲۸ַԣԱ붯ɱС
лҾĹ㣬ҼסҪΪǰйһЩɼΪԼ˲ã㣬ҵʲôǣɱ㣬ͬһֻϰ򵥡֣֪лսǿ޷⣬Ȼʮ㣬Ҳǹлˡ
ⷬĿıл֮ǰ֣ʵƴĵλܵˣӵ֣ĵλ
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磬ĹѾܹʵ廯ǵĹ棬ܹĽһ˳׵Ĩɱġ
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ߴ֮һһĴϣлһǶԭתȦնһӡ


1199  Ұ
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䶯콹ӣٿлǿƵӣѦ̾ϢߵĲ໹Ǵ󰡣뵱ôѡ䶯أлḶ́һμ棬ȫлڶлǣɳ룬ٵ˱ѩıװθƣԼûʸлս
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һϺȣл׼׵ɵһ£㽫Ǿ޴׵նˡ
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1200  ⡾һ
֣Ůפصܹǿߣ֣Ϊףͻգлͳͳһ飬һȻ޵Ҫȴұֳл׼ᣬһǾĿ಻ˣֻǿеĲģǷݿ̹ǵ裬ѹͷԷģȵֵ֣лˡ
Э飬лʥǺ֣֣һ֮󵽴ϣв̺Ľ⸽ܾݵ㣬ȻЭΧĽľˡ
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лЦջӶһǹ
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Ҳ֣ȥˡ
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л̵ߣȴе̵ļŮĸ֣ɷڵġ
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лٿȻͻһŮֵǰһѾץס˴ŮĲӣӦҲǷлֵ̫޵УʹЩӣлԼ֣ûɵľһ־壬ӲԼ
һŮ˾͸еһϢ
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ȴҶҵŮ˳֣Ҿͱˡлĵڷ䶯˵ı֣൱ĲҪѿҲһССľ档
䶯һ֪ŵ飬ΪˣûлЩƣлֵǸˡ
Ƶ䶯ͷлŷſŮˡ
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ۼƿҺ޷лθڣ䶯Ҳеŭˡ
Һɲͨ鵤ҩŮ壬ԴǧǰҲǻǧʱ䣬Ҳǳ޵ġ
л֣ǲ̫ˣ䶯쵭ĵ
лЦɣ鱨ȸһ֪鱨׼ֵ٣ƿҺĻǲǹ
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ȻԸţлȷûбҪ˵ѣ˵ѣ֤Ļ˫ܲìܿͺл֣֮Ľ棬鱨Թͬĵ˷棬ǹģǱ˴˶еԭ˿ȵ̫Уڼ飬ôҲȻӰʥǡ
䶯ĺЩء
ı鱨һò˵鱨ȷֵܸߡóƿҺлǰϣʵģ
ǼٵģһһʮƿҺлֽʮƿҺ
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1201  ⡾
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ûôгģ䶯һȻ鱨ڲŮ壬ǹͬһҲڶʥв㻹ҪôҺȻ˵г⡣
˿ȵݣֻҪʮƿҺȴҪʮƿҺ䶯ûɵһľġ
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䶯óʮƿҺлǰ˵ɡ
ֽʮƿҺлһ£ʮƿҺ̺ˣһʮƿҺֱ޻ʩչԪ޵츳ʮ죬Ӧö൱Чǡ
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лֹҪһЩҺǰꡢ۽ܵˣôҲһܹһηԾġ
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1202  һ
ŶؼӳֵЧȻǷǳľˣԪŨ̶ȼﵽһ̬ĵزŨ۳ˮΣˮԪ۶ɵģһ൱ڱʮյԪԵľ֮
ŨԪлռݾ󲿷֣ɶ԰İҲǲСģϾռʥش󲿷УٶҲ
Ѫ䣬ʡ
ʣͻԼ֮Űǿϵ֮ԽԽء
֮ģǺġ
ʰӵ֮ȺģֻҪɾͰôԺκĳԱ֮ѹƶԷǶԷʵǿһ㣬֮԰úܴȴҲޡ
֮ﵽһ̶֮󣬾֮ͬȻȻľлϻ۹ȥʱƣϵ֮ԽԽأҲʹлϵ֮Ӧļأлڵ֮
лڵ֮Ϲʵģ߲һʣ˴˻ôһЩġ
֮ĽγһӰӲӵģлΧ
֮ı仯̱㱻޻ע⵽ˡ
ǸʩչԪ޵츳ģͬһʹһûлá
ȴĺܴ
ɵѪ޻ڵԪ޻ʣµľͷǳϡٵ˷߶ҲǷǳľˣʱ򣬾ͽ˷ǳƣڣǹȣǾͻһ˿Ԫ޲л꣬һһ˿л꣬Ϳܳʧʱȥˣ׼ҪǿֹˣҲףһʹãл϶ϣӦõġ
ɿ֮Ϊϲ
֮Ƕаġ
𣡡
޻֮һͳ˻
ԭл֪ͼһ֮޻ڣݵ
֮Ϳ޻һХԪȻأһ뼯̵ϡ
žͿ̵ĽһȻһŨԪȻڣʼպبǰ谭ٿȻơ
Ҳ֮׼ս۷弶磡
̵ͻƣ޻תٿԪһ뽵ϣѸ͵Ԫ
˳Сʱ
ԭϢΪҲһ¡
ҲԸͻƣ׼սʼλ硣
ŮͻƽǾ͸еԪѸټһȴǿ޻꽫֮ͳһ˥ӰûȭȥˣѾ̫ҪϢ
лδͻơ
ؼлͻƱԵһβ࣬˷ȻЧǳľˣɱϾʱޣҲֻǴﵽͻƱԵˡ
˳ɾȻлǳˡ
Ҫ֪ǰһ£Ǵ׼սʼλһֱԽ׼սλͻƱԵģҲ޷ͻ˱ӦͻƵľˡ
Ȼлԣջ֮
֮ǿ󣬴ʩչ籩Ҳ֮ǿڵ֮лжϣ˿ɲһɣɣҺ̬ĻӾ籩һ¾ܹսʼĻոһɱˡ
ʵҲﵽ׼սʼλͻƱԵڵжϣ֮ǰ潻ƺԾҪѷɫһЩٶȵĻȻлʤϣϾ籩ʤ֮
ҺЧڡ
л죬ųҺãʱ䣬ǰٶȾҪĶˡ
˿ʮ죬ǱȻʮƿҺϿ޻ʩչԪ޵츳õĻ˷ˣҪȵ޻ָٴʹá
л̱뿪ˣޣŸոտ׼սʼλ̶̵ʱͻƣҪһЩʱԼá
عŮפء
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лȻ˿ȵӰֻǸ̵Ķͨ۲⣬Ȼ˿ʼм˿ˣȻ䶯ľٶҪõ˿ȱѵ֤ݲſԳá
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˷ǰ֣֣Զ
֣һսʣһսʣϱѾϹһĴϻգսʼǿߣνʵʢ˵УҵĶսʻڶսʼ൱ΪǿߣͬȴȻյʵǿֹһ㣬ǳǿ
˼սʣлȻҪ͵£ٶ֡
аƾ辫籩ٴλܻպ֣Ҹ֣Ҹ־ͱȽˣҲǶսʣսҪǿĶֿ࣬Խսǿߡ
ŮפЧԶʥ
лרעҲӶ棬תƵԼ棬ͷ֮϶ϡ
˵Чٶȡƽȷģʹ죬ߵĽȴǻһЩƫл޷֮ں·˴˼䣬ȱһЩʲôΪŦ
Ϊɵ֮Ů塢ĽͶʹʹõģǵĹͬǶѵҲҪӵһܹɣл뵽Ҫһ;úܲУӰԼս÷
ԣЦ֮ĵһ˿ɲ壬֮űõģǰ˶û
̽ǲ֪ʲôлʵ
ţû´ĻҪãȷҪЦеĵ

лҡҡͷû˵ֶ
̽͵һ־˵ǷϲĶٶȵļӳֺޣԺԲƣȴԻûӦܹʤΰɡ
ֶУлʵ
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֪ѵʲôϵл뵽ʲô
ЦߵȷЩϵҲֻǴ˵֮еǰһˣЩ飬ƺǾ㽨
ֻǴ˵ȴЩǣ
лǰȥһˡ
ⲻΪҲû̫ϣϾҲֻǸһЩ˵ƶϵģڻһǵ֮ʥʮʥʱ˽֮һƮȥ˵ڵظֲǷ֮ʥʮʥջߣл˿̵ջδ˼ջһࡣ
һǱڵĿֲˣлһ뷨ǾܹǰնɱԲŻڵġ
ҹĻ
лϢ󣬴˴βûͬУҪлص֮ʥ֮һλ֣һ֣һ˵Ļƾٶȣƾ߻һյģɴ̣Ƿ鷳л˾Ҳܵİȫһ
󸽽лĶͨҲӵ˼ޡ
ʵĶͨķΧҲԽԽ׼սʼλͻƱԵķΧѾﵽһǧ⣬ʹһ¿ѹͣӹ˫
лϸһ£ⶼ൱عأȷλãʩչȻڡ
˵ǶŴĶᣬԶԣĶ࣬ԶΪģӵĺܣںģĵȵȣлҲûȤЩûõĶ
ڶѸٵѰ


1203  
ڶȫҲǺٵģлѰҲôףϵطңҲзһʵǾĶڼصĶȻûмжʵõģƺһЩõĶôǺܴ֡
Щص㣬л֪ŮפڸûбôҪڡ
ĸȴĺ
òǹ̵ǰɱɣлĸֵȷǲ٣ЩûõĶȫɱģȻ뵽ԭ
Ҳܲô࣬Ѱǹؼ
Сʱлһ¥ֱ¥һ۵ĽҵǼĶᡣ
лϸ֤
ȷͨûһĶþܹӳַٶȲɣ˵ǺôлУܷ񷢻ӳãҲȷϾ֮ǰΪ֮ڵģǸַû֮ϵĻ˵ƺǿں
ҲֻǱһϣͷ׼뿪
ɸлһ˿΢¥ϴĶͨԶ϶֮ͬһģ͵͵ġ
лһδ뿪
Ȼ¥
ͿһӰëڴ̨ǰܣȷˣŵĲսǻ󷽣ٴ֤û֮Ķ΢ķſһЩ
лй۲죬ȻһϮ£סݣɾ̬ԣ۾ԼһĨϤУһʱ϶֣죡
Ψ֣ݣ޼ɵĴ֣һѡʺĶ
սõǴ̿ͼԼҵǷˣõͫ޷磬޵һλ壬ص˵֣Ƿǳǿġ
ֻлף֣ʲô
ѾˣľûһõģȫǷڷŶǺܲģãһ㣬͸һ֣Ůפеʢ˼ǾЩڼصĶҪ˵ӵɣϧˣҪ˵ŰɣҲûɶôڵģ֣Ѱʲôأ
лĹ۲졣
ܿͷ֣֣ѰҾģЩῴһ۵ȤûУڲ֮Ĭһлеܴһ˿΢ʹÿһȴǰγһǻ˿ĻʼնڵĳվڴڣҲԿġ
ƾһ㣬л֪֣׼֣ͼ
ֻǲ֣ͼʲô
һԹš
֣ɵһ¥ĵشָһ㣬һˮɫĹָ߱մһˮɫԲ֣ԭ£һȻһʦȡ
֮ѪӡƳԽԽܹʦֻǽȴƾ˵츳һЩˣǲʦ·ҲܹһЩ֣ͬһ
ʦָ죬֣
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һ촫ͼƵ³һϸ΢Ļ棬Ѹٵӣưһ㡣
֣߶ƣʹĻȼռӾ磬ٵڵûţƬ֮󣬾ͼǵ淢һһԲεĶڡ
ҵˣµıȻŮ廨ʱ䶼ûҵ֣˷ܵ˵

л˸߲ҵ֣죬ͷֹѵôػΪڵȷµֻûҵѣ
֣ûеʱ䣬ֽԲεСڣץһɫľӨ͸ʯ飬һЩţͼƣ˷ܵصһԽٶϣллٹһʱ䣬ұ׷㣬ϳ㣬ʱҶȻҪҵĳ裬ʮ㳥
֣ĻлһĨЦ⡣
֣ϾһĽ壬֣ǾǰĽˣϷΪ޴֮ʼɱڲȡеĶ
лɫʯ飬ᡣ
֪λδһ˿΢ӵ´һӱ㽫Ľ޷εض
仯ʵǳл֮⣬û뵽Ȼﻹţ˾Բǵˣǵˣ͹Ķ֣ǿǰΧˡ
лǿ԰е𾪡
Ķͨû˵Ĵڣɴ˿ɼ˵ʵֲ֮л߶Ҫ
ӿĽ󴦼Ҫϡ
ɽȴһȻ˿
Ҳһԥĵڣ֣ѾȥӴ˳ȥգۼʧȥټ
лɵôŭ׳
׻δٿȻɢ·ΪҪֹӶ֣õ֮һ㣬лŭѣĸӦǳһ±㲶׽ʧǽȥ
ǰҪ֣ȴǽгһɵŻпһͨ
ռС磿лΣʱʶڵİ֮
ӵпռ˽⣬оǽӴĿռС磬ʹʥǸ޴ĿռС磬ȻڿռСʱŷǳʶֻһۣܸӦеĿռ塣
лܣռСֵе֡
˵Ů֪Ļƺ̫ʵ֪϶ˣҲ˾ٶǲ֪ĻΪʲôͻȻ
һ˿ʣСĽȥ
һУضٱ䡣
ŻȻرգվôһĿռڣܶɫõĹΣһ˿ķƮţЩûʲôռ洦ɼһЩƮţЩźȻлԷ֮ʥš
лؼǵã֮ʥʥͻأ֮һţʱ֣ʲôĸ־ȻǰҲ˵䶯췽ɶûнڿһеĴӦþĿռСڡ
ǰƮȥͬʱĶͨ
δǰͼǰɫδʢ·Уһȶ˵ӰȻ
㣿лŮԾĵ


1204  һ
ŮɣƣɫĹ˸ǳеĲ˼֮ŮŮ·ںڵ㷢£һϮѩ׵ȹӳ¸Եں棬һĨȻ֮⡣

лû뵽ռµصصľȻǵ֮ˣʵмԵĸ츳ܹﵽȡ֮ʥʥʱͷų֮һҲΨֵõʴװӦöԷ֮˽ӵ̣ʶܹ˶ҲںķΧ֮ڡ
ֻлû뵽Ůפصġ
оҵڵģѵֻƾԷ֮⣬Ȼܵġ
һ㣬ΪʲôҪأ
л֮ĹϵΪӣε׷ɱÿζɱĿܣҸΪӱĹϵʥǣлõʴװͬԹϵ˵е㸴ӡ
л˸Ĺʶеڣ˵
һָƽ֮ɫеõһЩָһЩ԰ҵĶ͹ˡ
ǵǣ֮ʥʥʮգջ֮˼ҲһɡлЩĸоϾʥʮմĺô̫ˣôԲϣõ̶ֳȵջȻǷǳ˲ˡ
Ҷѡĵ
лûгû԰ڵӣûо£תѯʵǰʲôΪֹҶȡ֣õǼ
̾һ֣õʯֻǸտӣȻȡˣҲԵõô
տǣ
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ʯҲֻţ֪ǶԷԵźܴģû뵽ܹ˵زǣ֮ʥǰԣһɱ
ʵѾﵽ൱µĸ߶ȣܹ˷ʥջ֮󣬻ܹһԾսʣĽսʵļ
ǰǴĽϡ
лüëһ֪ҴеĿģ
µġشõһĻҿˣҶһʶ֪ӵǺﵽĬزģʱʱĳһЩսʱһ⣬Լ֮䣬㷽ѡһĹЧҲԴﵽز
Χ·ţлףҪԿİң
üһһĨɫת˲ţĵĵ֪Ϊͬй׷ɱȻǹѣУȻоġ
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˵ȻסڣٿȻ֣⻰ƺЩˡ
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ҾҪ˽˭Ǽµģ˭㷽Źҵġ޵ĵ
л޺޵ĵΨСŮ
ȻӲɵһЦڿռǵϷĹˣ뿪л󱳣ָƤϻͬƵĸоݵлϣϵļȻͬʱҲеڵزĸо
ģ˼ĸ֮лžᵽ壬Ժвɸ֣͵Ǿ壬ͷӻȣԾģ㼱ĳطѸٵĳѪ
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ʿڸɬҺлɲԣ
ѾܿˡЦе˵Ļ˼֪ǹġ
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ͨһлĺ󱳣ֻԵЩãܲʵұŵĵ˸ţһ˿΢ƣƺʱܴлƮȻȥ
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ԭ棬ֻеҫǹƵع£Ϳı渡һţ˸ɫĹâЩͬɢݳһ˿˿΢ϣޱƮݵ΢磬лûпʹʱ򣬱΢΢Ʈشʮ׵ĸ߶ȣչĸˣ׵ĳȡ
ķڵ
л㿪ʼշж·ȫһתĶתǣŶתҲ΢΢ĲԵë磬ʱᱻһ΢һ㡣


1205  
ƽʱܹϵģսʱҲĶϿƫƫߵϵܴʱʱľͻжϿļһսгʧζɥлԴͷ۲ѣա֣졢սʱͿûжٶȷԻգûʾʲôƣʮİգٶȷʤյġ
л޿ߵϵܹι̡
ֻҪϵι̣սͻģϾΨ첻ƵǾ֤ġ
Ǿ籩лԻգֻܣֵ֧ٶȣţܹûû취
ȻˡлĶϵһ۾Ϳ޷ϵι̵ԭ
лô£
ԣסľס˫ԣֻϣĶܹ֮ϵûзԣ޷ϵӹ̣ԲŻͻȻϿϵ͵
ԣܽ⣿лʵЩģϾⶫʵȥıġ
Сˡ
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΢΢һͷƱٵڿвһ˿˿΢ķзͬε
磿ԣлӦ΢ķ磬硣
ҲûѯʣֻǾĸš
΢ķ֮󣬾˵ɫʣ˸ĹΣ쳣
һָһ㡣
Ϳ΢ķ㿪ʼ͸ڣʹڵͳͳų貵Ĺâ񱻴̼һ
ʱлҲоԼĶתȻһ˿˿Ķʼڲ·Ϊһ֣Щϵ΢ķһ˿Žеڡ
㱼䣬лˡ
ҪĶųΪһ壬ôԺ߶ͲıˣڵںϣȻס˫ԵģǹףǷΪϾγǷ֮ʥΪģԽͬƤëδġ
һһǣ
ле·Լһ㣬ϵԽԽС
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ܿ뷨͵õ֤
һ˿΢Ķתڡ
ЩҲһ˿΢ĶڣʹöĹâͬķԣפڡ
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ҵȶһ˿˿һƵĶϵ͸ȥһ׹˸ţһŷ·˸ų貵Ĺâ
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ĺô֮һܹڣʩչʱ򣬲ýͷų˿ͺжϳٶȣǵٶȼӳ֣õжʧ󣬴ӶռϷ磬һɱġ
лһҵĲ
α㻯һռڷٶ֮죬ʵǿЩš
Ҫ֪ǷԵģٶȱص㣬֮ʴװǸ߹лٶȾͬп޵еģģٶǰްƵġ
лֳٶȣȴеƺҲҪѷɫһߡ
ʩչһͨлеԼٶֹһ㣬ǷǳܵĸоƮȻǰ
Ϳɫе԰ףɵһ漴׹δܽЩ֮ʥɣǿвٿزնϵڣȻҪļأЩˡ
л˰лϵĵ
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̾һұõ磬ԽԽá
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ͷȻӦǵħ˼Ŀռ϶ĴˣȻ޷ȷʲôطҲ֪ںĳ򣬻оʴװڣµһ󷨣ܹҸӦǿռ϶ƺܵĳĸţһȻٶȷǳҲܼʱɱĻ¾ʴװҲԷɱˣоҲõµһ߼䴫УҪ뷢ӳʴװȫͱӵſԣڵ෢ʴװһұ̵ʱڵõ磬ҵռ϶䳹׵ķɱˣ¾Ҫˡ
ǿռ϶ǹغ˼簲Σģһ㣬лҪ˵ԼˣǲҲԴġ
֪ǿռ϶Ӧ̰һνŬѾҵ϶İ취֮֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻЧԽԽ󣬵ȷ鲻ãҪܹɱǷ϶أڵľƺֻһսʼɣл˵
ҲǸпѡ
ճǲʮ۷徳ʱѾ׼սʼλ׼սʼλ磬ȻѾһսʼٶȹ죬쵽Ҫ׷ˣ֪ҲָµģڿҪ׽ƲˣϾûܹɣʵﵽһ൱̬ĸ߶ȣʴװϣܹɱռ϶
Ҫɱռ϶ҪҸ˵ﵽʲô磬ҪҵѪҵѪԿռ϶ȻĿƣ֮ʴװļӳ֣ɱռ϶ǺѣҪʴװȫͱҪſԵģʱȣұõ硣˵
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һָռľͷ磡
̧ͷ˿л֣ûʲô磬ֻһ˿ռĿռ˽⣬ܹжϵĳġ
һռ䴫󷨣ܹͨ󷨣ֱʹʥڵķ𽧣µ硣
ţͨʹʥµ磿л㵵ĵ
ǰϹʥʷɱħͨǿ֮һʹ岢û뿪ѡ˼磬ϹʥʾͶչ˻ԵĹʹ忪ٳʹʥϣ׷ɱϹʥʱɳ൱룬ĿҪ׽ʹ壬ϹʥʸеʮаգϾʹ̫ǿˣְ嶯֣ʹƾŷ֮ʥǧʱ䣬󣬲ܹʹʥţʹʥǸʱ岻֪ιʣȻѾˣˣʹʥ֮󣬲ѡԸʹ壬ʱҲûԿʹʥܿٵļطΪԺ׼ϸĽһԭ
ԭˣѹŮҵһܵطܹɱ䣬Ů˿ӵлΪŮֵµİڲ֪һжΪġ
л뵽ҲǸпѣµأصʵ̫ˣ֮ȫΪδ׼˭ȻŮõˣǡ
Ҳǹ˵ġ
л붼е㼵ˡ
ãҰȥȡ磡лӦⲻǶİҪó׵ķɱħǰ˼ϣȥ
ҵõЩŵ޷ԼǰȥҵҲֻܴһءóһ彻лõ֮壬ɽ㴫ͻסֻһλᣬˣֻԼʹʥ߳ˣڵʹʥ䣬տռ壬Ҳڷų뿪ʱ򣬲ſ߳ȥġ
ӹ壬лͷ֪ˣ޷һѣǿҲûﵽɾ磬нӽɵףҪӦòѰġ
ˣҲҪС£ǱϾڵĵ̡ѵ


1206  ʹʥ
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̸һ֮󣬱иǣȥ˵һ
ҲģлܾˣϾڵޣ޷˵ء
̵ǧ֮л̤ǿռ䴫󷨡
ռ䴫󷨵ǰʧˣĴһЩƵ󷨡
л̤棬һվԲµ档
Բ֮ЧֻͬԲǰĺĦµİڣӵ
վ棬һ˿˿ĿռлҪռĳ嶯
վǰ棬˫ǰ仯Ÿӡ·Ҳų貵Ĺâ
ˢ
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һڣȻΣ̫ܹѰصĵطˣԲҲЩĳɷ档
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лûκͣĵֲľ籩
ھ籩ǿǾ籩еҺ̬ԶеĶܱģʶʱľ籩ǿĶࡣ
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뵽л뿪ɽ½
ɽۣĴʹʥʥأȺɽ˵ؾɽ൱ľ룬ȵǺ֮ܽлӵ֮ȻϹΣȴûκε谭ܽȥֹȥţܹ
лֱǶȶȥ
ܿ㵽߹ĵ·ϣǰ·ߣлûö೤ʱ䣬㵽ȵΧ
ɣռнʮƽף˵ǳ֮ģҲΪĸ屾ʹԵʡ
ȵΧȻš
лվڸܹظоϤУӵ֮һЩϵ
ˡ
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һлͷһ𣬸òͼƳȵӡɣеĻʹʥ棬ƺҲֻڡ
лһ˿ʣͨҵǹȷλãͿһȺվոտЩ˵Ӱռָڵ۱ʾǼ˵ħѪı֡
Щ̵ĸ֣


1207  ɡһ
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л̵˵֪϶⡣
ΪʲôʹʥΪʲôҪǵķѵ˵ڻʲôɣ
ھаҲһʰĴмڵģǰȽƵǣʯѪ䣬޷Ϊȫİ޷õٴм䣬ͻʹðһǾǾϹʱ¶ٰҲΪ޷õм䣬֪
ڵƺ֤
ڱȻ̿õĶƫƫȴ֪ʲôȻ櫶Ѫӡйء
𣡡
л֮䣬һȻ쳹ʡ
һɫӰԶ쭶ٶޱȣҲ쳣Ӵ֮ضڲ
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ħ
лԺб㸡һơ
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ڵħ˼εʷУħһӰ˵ǳĶ࣬ʷĲпһĻ
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оǵħԣħϡ٣ҲͿ⣬ϡֻһɣϾħͬʹ壬ǱĨɱģл䣬ͱǵĸ״ӵħġ
ȷҪ侲ħȣԺ˼ʰҲҪ侲ſɣˣǰסһʱ䣬òͷ˰ɣ


1208  ɡ

лͷ˼£Űս˵һϣõħɾ֮壬룬ʲôʲôܹõħһγȱ䣬ڲ֪ȻǴ˵е
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л֪Ĳ࣬ȴҲףǾǿ꣬侫Ѫۼһطµݱ䣬ʵǣһϣΪġ
Ϊôͻᵮ֮
ܹ֮ʷɱģڴ˵У֮ɱΨһϣڡ
ھȻӵ
лͷ⣬ֱʯѪǼΪԵʡ
޷ģ֮ʯѪ䣬ΪҪ޷Ϊȫʣϣڧ𣿡սħĵǣʮֿ϶˵ĿľѪ޷Ϊʣô޷õм䣬Ͳ֪ڻнӡһĴڡ
ħӡ⼸𣿡
Ӧòģ˵µķӡޣ޷õķѹϾڵ֮ÿ춼ǿУ벻ʮ죬ķӡͻᱻ֮ƵģʱȻֳ֮޷ɾҲȻԳΪʣһǿġս˵
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аһĸŬǿнռ϶ٵĴһЩ˱ɽħһӵħڳһ㣬صħҲ֪Ժܿħõħȫ֧֣ǵħʵﵽһ˼ĵزˣһħȫ˼磬ôʱǵʵܽǿռͨ϶ٶ󣬴Ӷħ˸Ľ˼磬ͽһѭԽ࣬ٵĿռӡĿ϶Խ
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лͨ˵㣬㿪ʼڲ֮ͳͳͷ˳


1209  һ
֮лĲٿ֮£ųһĽɫâлƼ·ţ·һзɣ֮͸һӵϣ·
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֮۵İ㿪ʼлĲٿ֮£ŹÿһصϽ̬ȣѰ
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ҲͬϣֻܹҪЧͻưǳġ
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˵þ籩Ļһ֮ͻᱩ¶ԼӶӰԶǵõ֮¶֮Ҳ⵽ĴѹĿȻǷֹʰɾ֮壬ܱ¶ݣ޷ʹҺ̬
ҪһʱսˡлһŬƽϢеһݵǣԼܵ侲
ףʱ򣬱ȫԸȡʱа鵽
ֻҪа鵽ܹӳɵƾаʵܹɨЩǿǵġ
սеƮڰսǰս٣ʲôԸ
ȷ֮ļӳ֣Ǳ̵ʱڽ˺Ļʱһڵ֮࣬Ҫƿ͸ˡս˵
սٷģҶ˶ġ˵꣬һͬ飬ȵķǰ
̸ֶԱߡ
ЩʵޣȴڹؼʱõģҲĵ׼֣ʱҪġ
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ǶսʼǿߵһιлͷһȻ֮ڻױɱܷ谭ȫһһĻᡣ
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лŶսʼһ̵˽⡣
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лֵһȵķٴγһЩ
ǽٶࡣ
ؾһζ˳̬
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־ͱְɣܱȺùڵ֮ħȡлʩչ͵Ϯսʹսʼǿ߲òͣ
ϼȭףóɵ
װ
лóƿξƣ˹˵ĹȥԼ״̬ﵽ۷壬ͬʱҲҺ̬ҲڵС
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Ǵƾ͵Ϯģ˭֪û£̾͸оȵλþȻҵĲһɰǸλôݳҼһ˿΢֮

лȻݳ棬ϲĿĵشرĲ΢ȴܹĵ
µķӡˣ
ϲ֮£лٶʩչȴ͵Ϯֱ£ҪһǷƷӡ
´Լǧ׵ľ룬Ϳһ˿˿΢֮ɢɵΧζ
лϲȥ۲Ʒӡʤռ֮ȥ࣬ͬһǧ֮ңȫռҲлӵе֮ġ
ϽЩ֮Я뿪棬·Ƿڡ


1210  
õ֮ļӳ֣ԭҡҡ׹ķٶȼҽѷֲں֮ǰлõ֮ǿֹ
лΣŷġ
ٶռ֮ȡ̵һ̶ȣ̵Щ˷п԰ˡ
ôѷֺˣħŵĺܣʼչע˳ȷģǷ϶˷ܲѣҪõ֮췭ظĴ仯ģȻƤ£Ƿ϶ֺˣͬһˮһӱ˹ȥʡ
ü֪ô£ͻȻ֮ʹ÷ˡ
ʲôħԲѾƷӡ˲ɣˣǾûлƿˡ
սҲüͷǰ
ҲֲԾˡ
֮һӣͻȻһģսԾɺ侲ѯʡ
һģһӵĻǵĹӰ첻󣬶ңŴһ϶һ࣬Ҳֺ֮ġ˵
սɫˢһ±
ħǲ뵽ʲô
ܹһӿ˶ֻֿ֮ܣһȫͻƷӡڻˣܹ֮ս
ǿ϶ǵһ֡ħҲı˵ܹٿֻ֮аǸʲôлǰнѪӡ֮⣬Ҳ޷ٿش֮ǸлھŮפأҲҪ˵ʹʥ谭˽ƾл޷ģֻǵһ֣ȫͻ˷ӡ
սüͷ
Ҳһơ
ǷѾҪƳӡħõڵ֮ɱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬵ħɰսϽ֮λҲӦڵλģŬȻˡ
ս٣Ǹô죿ʵ
ħ˵û治ˣȻ˷ӡĻô⵽ƻ֮Ҳһֱ棬ֻҪǴ˽սʣȻܹ򿪷ħȻ֮ĵս˵
ħǿɲһǰҲԶⲻѪģ϶õмģʱҪһпĽ𣬲һܵõ֮ġ
սЦħܷģ̵ܹںĻײֻʱ⣬ʱܻܲŶһҪ˵ȡ֮ˡ
΢һ£ħ⵹ҲǣǴУҪˡ
ⷽ棬мƽϡսŵĵ
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лˣҪȫҪʱ䣬Ҳûţ˵صԪ˷棬֮л㰲ĵ
˷ڵĶҲΪѸ١
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лǰͬϺ˵
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Ĳ˵ɢ֮Ԫ쳣ĳﵽ˷ǳµĵز
ʱǶлԣٶȾǾ˵ġ
ЩȲľҪλÿʼȡͻƾ磬׼սʼ۷弶Ϳȥķȡ磬ɴеˡ
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лҲһʱв鿴һ£ȷ֮󣬲Żᰲģһ飬·ȻһĲ졣
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ħѵԵħģлԾϾħֻеħӵУʵǿиֶοҪΪĴħҲǸܵģϾħγԵԴġ
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ףΪʲôôżҪȡ磬ٵһʱ䣬ȵɵĶսʣսʵĻȡӿݣȴҪлȡȻʶռ϶
ǿռ϶󣬾Բеħӵħġ
ζţʱۣħڵĵħһܿò˶೤ʱ䣬пܽ˼磬ȲЩ硣
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авܴ󣬵ħܴ⣬ܹʴڵ֮ת̵ȡ
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л㽫ԼٿȨа顣
л壬תΪаĻԣ𼶱Ļ棬ȼΧ
аĬΪϣһӣͿγһ󷨡
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а½лƿȨȥ
Ҫȡͻƣа飬Ұռ֮ҵΧҵٶȻһЩл˵λãȡͻƣ˷ͻƣˡ


1211  
⣬л˱չ״̬
ŵħĳ֣ѾʶΣ٣ǿռ϶пܳΪħ˼ֹͨµķ
ܹɱռ϶Ψ
Ҫһ㣬ͱӵ磬׷Դ棬ȻҲаа̫󣬰ʵҶͨоȻ֣аÿͨͨʩչһЩͨСҲˣǿʩչǾл޷ܵˣɲϣаʲô⣬ϾаͬӰӣܵĻ֮ܰһ
лֻͨԼ
һųһһζ
𶯣תȫ
ͬʱаͷųĴ֮лΧʹԪϵػ۹лٶҲﵽ൱ĸ߶ȡ
˿̣лڵĶ·ļĺˮһڡ
⶷ϵسÿһ죬ͻǿһ֣Ҫͻƿ׼սʼ۷徳磬ȴҪеţϾѾ˵ܹ֮ɸĶ׼ս۷弶ҲΪսʼǰ׼ġ
лҪľǣתϵǿʱ򣬳䲻ϵʹͨĳлƶڲϵʹ
εĳȴǰвأ⵽ƻĻǾӰһģܴӴ޷һɾ͵ģԵ̱ѾͻƱԵڷ֮ʥʥʮգҲͻ˶ѣԭҲ֮СĽ䵤
лڷɿš
ͷų֮ҲԽԽ࣬һתƵȷ棬ʹ𲽻ָ۷״̬֮аĲٿ֮£תƵлΧ
֮൱ģұлƿص֮ӵĴ⡣
лõ֮Ǵ֮ϾϹʺ͵ɵģͷų֮ȴ֮֮ͬİܹɱ䣬ɾ֮壬Ӧ֮Ҳ֮£Щı仯
˵ƿص֮Ļôͷų֮֮֮Ȼлյ֮ĸҸӵĴ⣬øġ
Ҳˣл֮ʼ仯
ֱ仯֮ɱ䣬һתǾл֮ǰ֮󲿷ȷڣ֮ѾǳСͷų֮ԭȷл֮ҲУԵʹã޷ڻعлС
֮ͷųһɱ֮ռԭ֮λãΪлƿء
֮лڿƵ֮Ȼɱ䣬ǿˡ
ʱĻţлȻӲӵ֮ΧţЩ֮ɱģ·裬֮࣬ǣԪл档
лҲԽԽǿ
Ҳ֪˶ãȻ䣬лһ
࣡žžžž
һ춯֮󣬱һлڴĶҲȻּ
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л˫ĿһĨ⣬һ֮ͻ׼սʼλ磬׼ս۷徳硣
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ⲻǶǿ׺Һ̬ǿԭлӵޣžͻƣȻõһδȵҺ̬ҲԲٿظ
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˷ͻƣ˵ΪսʼõĻ
үһ£֮ɡаЦ˵
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֮࣬ȷлǼġ
а飬֪ڵ֮ȡȻ󴢴Ҵ㽫֮͸ɱ䡣л˵
аЦ򵥰ֻҪүҵķԸȡ֮΢ѵʱ䣬ڴ֮Ǽ򵥣ֻҪ֮ǣүʰԼڣͨԼʱ֮ġ
ãЩ˵Ҫȡ֮лϲ
үַͷĵλáа˵
лλá
Ȼγ壬Ҳ֮ε˼ְǵλá
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аָ֮£лһʩչܿ͸оڵ֮ܵǣڻ
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֮಻ϣһйлƿأҪ൱һʱĵȴС
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лԴ˺⡣
Ͼ֮Ƕʽɱԭڶ˲ûʲôõģ֪֮ԽԽ࣬лͷ֮ȻȻķɱ䣬ȻǳĻȴҲȷڱ仯
һ֣лϲѡ
Ҳ֪ģܹ֮֮֮ɱļԭ֮ڽ֮ۼȻ֮һİԭ֮ҪޱȰ֮ɱģֻлƿصһС֣ȻЧӵԣŻлġ
֮Ȼɱ䡣
֮
лҲޱȵ̹ɴһĶõģתݣȻٶȲ죬ܱ˷ʱǿĶࡣ
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лȹ׼ս۷弶һ֮Ҳȫȡ˳
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ɵ壬֮ʧҲʧȥɫʣҲ˹
лûͣ뿪ȡ
ֱǷ𽧶ȥ


1212  ȡ䡾һ
л𽧣ͨĶͨȷڸ֮šǻأͨС
ٶվǷǰлȻʮ㡣
ֵķǳǿлԣͻ֮Եûôǿ̬ˡ
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лһЦǱƲѣ֣ҶԣһսһսǾζһνϲս
˵ġ
ͬΪȫˣΪʲôл֣䶯ôླ磬Ϊлõİ࣬෴Ƚˣлõٵģܹ֮ӵͻΪǿϲսġ
ΨȫսӭѶϵľ񣬲ſͻƵĸ
һսջԶеĻɳĸ졣
谭Լ޷ͻƵĹַлȻ֮ƻˣҪƾԼ谭Ҳ̬ڲϵؼǰߡ
лתսȭͷ°͸°͡
ڵӿ
ȫˣͻƽ׼սʼ۷徳֮״ȫԼǶĸо˵ˬ
Ҫ쳤Х˷ܸС
򣡡
лȭǷֱȫ˳ȥһȭϴǰӵǿҪǿһЩ
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̼䣬ʮȭȥһ֮ϣִĳһ΢Сѷ죬д͸һ˿ķ֮
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䣡
һȭ֮£ѷٿȻ˺ѿ
ӴķҲ֮ѺۣѸٵѡ
Ҳһ˲䣬лδüˣ͸еǰһһӰȰǰȻǴڳģֱһݺݵرлλͱȥٶȣǷǳǿġ
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лѾȫͷõĻѵ
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лһٿȻ϶ƥټϼȭڵ޻ӳ֣һ±㽫εӿĶȥ
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ȭ
ȭͷ·ףſѪ죬¶ɭɭݣҪ͵Ϯ߸һ㣬ǿĿ¡
͵Ϯ߼״ǿкƱлץס

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䣡䣡
ȭػ͵Ϯߺ߰˲
ʱлͣ͵ϮߵĿ
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ĽʲôطֲʡĽ˺޺޵ĵ
лƳһǷڣһ΢תţģӦþ磬粢δĽ˶ȡҲ࣬ڿĽ˷ߺӣлЦѣӶĹؼʱ̣ˣŻ˵ķŭ
ͽԼֱɣҿɲɱһ֮лȷ£á
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лһ£Ȼ֪˭´ĽãƲҺܻǲĽĳеĶӣ㵱ҵĻ䣬һ֪ġ
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лԭģ֣ɫһ䣬ĵ˰벽˽елǵ񱩾лô㲻Ůפ𣿡
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˫Ŀ磬˸âǷһ˿Цڵȴվԭ˿
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ŽֱָлĺҲˣһķ磬ٿȻһתСǽлǰӹȥлҲվţ̽ս
һֿ˵䲻⣬ʱգٶȣĿ˵ߣлʶУһòѡ
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ɵöùĿ࿴Ȼûʲôս飬սȴ൱
ѣлֻúˡ
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Ľ죬˸ŵ⺮һƬܼĽӰһƬɭĹ㣬ͽлˡ
лԾ̾õս츳ҲŨصɱ⣬ˣһĥ֮󣬾ǷǳµĶ֣ɳ֮ǰ䳹նɱԷֹк󻼡
ˣлĹ
еһҶۣǴΣ纣ˮûܵ˿Ĳ
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۶ĽӰлǷһ˿
֮
лһһ̰㣬ֱӳ콣ӰУǷ϶дֱӵõĽǰ

ÿлͻȻ͵ǰŵþһæˣͬʱɨлĹ
ȣ
л̧ų˲ϢٶţӰ࣬ȷõĽӰҪʵࡣ
ء
ʮõû߶ϣȴסֽӵжʮõϣߵҽŵɳȥ


1213  ȡ䡾
ߵļ඼ҪѵѪɳȥصײɽ棬ȻأȫĹͷ·ˣ˵ܡ
⻹лҪĿ׳һЩĽõ鱨ŽģȻһߣͽøˡ
лҲ֮ǰͻ
һ粽õĽǰ
ҪãȲߣҲɱҪ˵ĿлĽҪ鱨
𣡡
شۼлɱȻһ˻˫ɫ۾ѸٵĳѪһ㵭ѪɫΣ·Ϊ˵еѪʹһ㡣
ֲѪʹѪʹıѪɫģڵѪ죬ȴֻѪɫˡ
ɱ㣡ñ仯֮˶Եñޱȣǿң¶Ƶɱлٶȸ죬ǿһĨѪɫݳ
õлߵ˫ӥצһ㣬·衣
۶ƣлȭͷٿȻ
أأ
ȭȫõλá
ǿŷȥõƶļʹ֮£ϵغˣϵʼˡ
ݣ
úУ˫һѪɫ۾Ȼһ
յĹ
л΢ΣѪɫ໮һ½ɽڸһ޴Ŀ
ױɱ
л飬׳̺׺ݵĺɱȥ
𣡡
ŭһ渲ŵһѪɫѸٵת壬۵˫֮ϣ͵Ĵȥ
ҪлӲӲĶԿ
䣡
лȭͷػõȭͷ֮ϡ
˵ͬʱһ١
ǡ
ţõϴѵѸٵı۰ֱָҼ粿λ
۰Ĺ׵ķ顣
Ҳҽźɳȥٶײɽ棬ҵɽڳһεİͼϵëҷɣѪɫҲʾˣһ˫۾Ҳָ˺ɫֻŤʹ졣
ÿش
л߹ȥһŲǰλãȻ㻹뷴𣿡
ߣҧźǿʹݺݵضлл㲻Ҫ⣬һ죬ĽС
ЦĽڼšлЦ
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лȻһЦụܹ̀ΪʤǿЦսȱʧǸ֪飬ڸĸµСаˣ֪Щʲô
֪Ķˣ㲻ɱңǲҿлĽ鱨Ҹ㣬룡õǴܹ뵽лɱΪ˻ȡ鱨
һļ㣬лɵЦˣǴİɣܹܵסʩչ̷ұʹ죬ĥ㡣
һмش
лĺܾǿҲеͷۡ
ҵĻ䣬ּˣҪôųԵģûõҪôǾǿúܣѾԼδ࣬϶飬ǳٶĥͷġ
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Ҫ˵һЩ鱨˵ˣҲδظŰ˭֪˵Ǽ١
үа
лţ
үǲǺͷ޷õĿлõ鱨аЦʵл֮ͨлûпȻľܹ֪лĵһЩ뷨ġ
Щ鷳л
аүҰɣа취ֱӶȡļ䣬Ȼٴ͸үġ
ŶлԲɴϲԶȡ˵ļ䣿
ͷаԣֻʵԶѷɫҵģǱʵĻҾͺˡ
ԼǶ֣ȻԶаĶˣлϲܽȡļ䣿
үˡа˵
лһõĺ档
һûüһͷԵڵϣл͸оаһƮ˳һĹֱûõüĴ
Ҫõ
ȡõļ䣬ӳʼÿһ룬޷ӹаĶЩ䶼εģԼ֪ġ
Լ֮õüĴһĨĻɫĹΣлаүõŪѡ
лв⣬ȻаķԸˡ
һ±㽫ôӻŪѣȻһָõĵ䳹׵ĲзˣǻȥҲûпˣķˡ
ȻӦı仯۾Ѫ׺ݵĿл·һǡ
ɱ˾Ϳ㣬ĥңʲô¡ŭ
лĵɱǿ϶ģ˵֮ǰһҪõĽ鱨
룬ɱңҲԲܵõκ鱨ġҧгݵĵ
ǿδءлЦеĵа飬ȡļ𣿡
аڶȡ
ǴõԴڴġ
һӾ¶֮ɫʱ׹лĿģʱģӲҲ޷鱨ˣɵŭģԼѾϵƵɱл
أ
жö޷л⣬Ҫ˵һʧȥֵ֧ãлһžͽߵĹڵϡ
ͬǰ㶢л
лֱ֮
һ˶ѡ
ǲõκ鱨ġȻӿռָóһѷ־ͶݺݵͱԼλãҪɱһˣǾͺѶȡļˡ
лȻһЦżһ㣬õ󣬽ֹǸ飬Ҳ֮ء
ңҡɣüŭģһȥˡ
лȡˣ
õüļһĨǣа»عлȫȡ
˻лص档
ۣ
ɳֱӶüģնɱ
лָһ㣬һ׺õϣ潫õʬճɻҽ
֮ˣΪʹʥиǣǸᣬܹռõĲл꣬Ƴ飬Ȼǵˣջʬ壬ôҲͳ׵ɢˡ
лתа飬õļпһЩҪ鱨
аЦУҺܶ࣬Ҫ


1214  ȡ䡾
аǾܶҪ鱨л𵴣Ľڵڵõ壬ǵǰʹ˼糤ֻ꣬ʼգʲôǱҪĿ꣬ʼûзչ׳ڵʵҲ൱ĿµģһԵ壬õİ취Ҫ䳹׵ĽǸһ֣ǾܹҸȼ
Щ˵лܵĵ
аһ¶ȡļ䣬ȥЩûõģ˵ĽϵĶӣĸĽ峤ӣ˵ĽУۺһս츳ǳߣֻǴδйʲôսľԾǷȱʶѡУΪĽȥҪԱʹʥһǳصڡΪĽȥҪԱʲô˼лиоһЩڡ
Ǵ˷ĽܷΧ±岻壬źܴĵģΪ˷ֹԼ屻壬ѡĽ粻֪ӢˣһΪ˴ţʹʥפʹʥڣ˹ǰٵһڣУĽ屻Ǿǻ֣˵أѿгһգʵ׳¶ȡ½Ȩа͵
ž
һȭɽ棬л¶һĨ˷֮ɫԭˣԭˣҾ˵Ľǰʹ壬꣬⵽εΧˣʼû壬ΪʲôÿΣʱ̣ͻѡһǱ壬ⲿ˴ڣȻһЩ֮󣬼ɳߺߣαǷ֣ǾڻˣҪǱЩ֣
Ľ壬һֱлġ
лڷǰȻŹĽѡپӢʹʥڳɳٶǷǳģĽ˷δ壬ǵĻع飬ĽʵʱǡսͷĽһʱ䶫ɽĿܡ
Ա뽫ͬһ
ô£ҵģͬǷڸĳطţлʵ
а˵⵹һ⣬ñλڱʹʥУߵģʵҲһǿģǱ߷𽧲鿴ܷ񿪱ٳһصصģϾطķϵԪǳ棬зطܹжȡģҲȡʱүƿ˷úܷŭ
ֻùˡлЦ
ĵص㲻λһϷһɽڣĽ嵱ǿ˹ٵĵ¿ռ䡣а˵
ͷл˹ʹʥǰؾʹʥصģ뷢֣Žشġ
ÿ֪ĽǷɳһ֧ܵΪȥĻ֮һģֻɳһ·лĵĻĽΪ˻ϧԼ˥֣ɳһЩ뿪
а֪ƺһ֧ͬһųȥֻ֪ޣģӡУ·ǽԨҲֻ࣬һٶˡ
ֻһٶˣԨлüëһһҪȥɲűԼʵҪѡصĵص㣬оŮԼſԡ
ٶˣлÿȥƾĽһЩַѸٵ䣬һٶˣƺ̫ܣǵĿ껹ԨҪ֪ԨǺЩȼµĺ޾ס򣬲ÿһضģȥǲ
ȷģе㻳ɣǿֻһڣĽҪȥԨĺ޽кһ˵ˣĽ岢ıΧˣǲ̹һ𣬻ڽİšа˵
ŶԡлĽ岻ô˵ǵʵǷǳµģʱڣ֣ʵǿĽҲûеıҪҲ˵ıۣоȻ֣ҪҲô򵥵ģٻϣΪʤʮ㣬ôܾΪһλΪΣͶأһٶ˼ܲߣҪĺ
ĺޣȻлע⡣
ʷϣǳֵĴͼϡ٣ÿζػ˼Ϊ͵ħ˴սġ
̾Ȼĺ˹ᣬĽϵҪ̤ʷ̨ĵһˣֻٶлԽܵģϾĺӦ֪̺Ľλͬأ˵ֻĺеİࣿ
ʰѹлĵס
֪һգĺ޻ֵģǸʱǱҪġ
̺ĽˣҲô򵥰ɣ̵ĸԣȻƱǱĽϾĽ壬Ľ屾ʵͲ̣ǲûҪĺɣлЦʵ
аⷽ棬պ޵飬Ϊ˰̵һֳ֣ɱˣԷйͷ֮ޡ
ŶʲôҪ󣿡л
̵ҪֻһĽ彻ʹתصа黺˵Ҫ
лһסˡ
ʹתأ
ȻֻһС嶡еõĲȱȫʹתԭ͵ֶΡ
ҲѹĽƣʹתشĽڵĸڣҲܹʼΧ˶ĸԭ֮һοԸ⽻ȥɲȥû̵֧֣ǴеĽǵĽĿ塣лĽȻӦ
ûʱ̸УΪѡΪΪĽδϣĻתƳȥҪԱҲμˣ̸ǰȥ̸еˣһа骵ŮˣֻһʮŮӣȴĽ峤ƽƽҲòƲסҪ԰骳ֵԭ֮һףĽϵĿ£侲ϸĵʹõǱüģ˫̸еĽˣĽ彻ʹתص취ǲʮ˵ʮ˱ĽһƶʵĸߵͣҪĽĵɣͬĽפءа˵
ʮˣ
ȥֺܴ󣬿̷չ׳ĽǴ̵
лжϣ˵ʮˣʮˣ̶ܹõóתһ룬Ľ֮ǴҲɳ֣̫࣬ǴֵΧˣôҲҪٱɵΣգĽˣǵˣҪȫ̿
ˣȻĽҪΪδĻ֣ôĽʹתأӦҲðɣлǲҲѧһأĽ崫̵ģ϶覴õģԼ壬δĽϣӦû˿İɡ


1215  ɾ硾һ
ʹת뷨ˣǲֹ̣л˶ۺģϾܹõʹתأȷĳϵ£һģҲһֱĽܣܹ겻ĸԭ֮һʹתأݴţһͻᷢһɱ䣬ʵͻͽĿܡ
˻ţлȴţǳǣлۿͨȱʹģǶҵ˿Ǳлɱģ֪ЩǱɱģֻҪǵû⵽ԵĴͷּҵܹʹѪġ
ʹǱĽĶ
˵ʹĽԸҲʹãʹĻ棬оȫµʹתֶΣûк󻼣תһΣʵĻᣬȻҪͨʹתҪҲǳ̣ȻĻĽԼͿƵĽظԼʵˡ
ʹתĽĸ峤ϡϺƿصģÿƿһΨ˼ϣܹʹתصоǣҪʹתأҪʹʮսʼľѪܹתа˵
ʹ壿Ľ岻Ул׽а黰еĹؼ
аͷʹ壬һʮսʼľѪſԡ
𰸵ле㵣ȻˣĽΪʲôѡأ
ⷽļΪǲ֪ʹתرʹľѪϵʱ֪ǵݣ櫸ƭˣԺ֮ӣоǣҪʹתȫã˱Ǵʹ壬Ҫʮսʼʵ֮⣬һӵĿ̣ǱǰսʼϵʹУսʼԴǰֱڲſʼҪϵսʼǴڿʼҪǧ꣬пɣʹתؾĽ壬ҲûǵפƳа˵ЩδĽϣʹʥܵƵġ
ΪΣлʹתػĲһѡ
а͵һ֮ѪӡʹתŷǳǾƳҲܵӰ죬ôۿۣܳ벻ⷢûаգ˷ѣҲûʱȥ˷ЩϣڶʹתһƳÿʮ꣬Ϳʼüֱ׵ʧȥãʮʱ䣬Ҳƽ޹ʵ˷ѵ㣬ҲҪģֻʣһʹʮսʼֵľѪˣֻһΣҲ˵Ǵӽֻһʹתأһֻʹʮ꣬ǲƣõĽδϣǾʹʥܵڣʹתأҪ߶ʹתУ˵ҪһЩϡ
ʹתؾʹʥ棿
δͣ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ҪҪ¾ĽˣҪʹתظɵˡ
үǲҪȡʹתأаʵ
ûʮȻСˣȫǵİǷǳġлЦ
аҪүʧˣʹתһԵӲǾҪͨʹתӵʹѪĽѪһ޷ͨʹת
ԭ˷ܲѵлʱˡ
ʹתص˹ĵزǶϾ˸ֿܣתһ룬ƺҲˣϾˣܻǳ˲˼飬Ǻ׵ûˣ
үӶһʹѪа鿴лһʧ˵һҪĶ
ˣǵʹתػһЩϣһʹѪʹõģôһʹѪͻδʹãȻǵСл۾ʮսʼʹѪ
ѪлʶǺܶġ
ȣлУǾԲڣһκĦ˵ѪĦ˾ʮսʼǿߡ
лʱֻһ̺˺Ħ˵ľѪڵɫ櫣Ǳϳ櫵ݣ֮Ϊһش
ɴ˿ɼʮսʼǿߵһξѪźεҪá
ʹתѣȴҪȡѵа취ı䣿ԣԣʹǹǵħ߸ԵĲ̵࣬õҲ޷ʹãҪඡлЦ
˵ħһǳȫ෴״̬ģҲδزֻҪ߱ʮսʼǿߵһξѪȴǺѵģϣδﵽʮսʼʱıʹתذɡа˵
лͷҲǺпܵģõļУɻҪõļ𣿡
Ѫ飬Ѫʹа˵
㣬л֪ˣһٵѪ飬˵˾ҲܹٶٶͻƵĸԭ֮һ
ал˵һЩ顣
У൱һл֪ݣһЩȻǷǳҪļ䣬лҲûȤ
˹ĽһЩҪأлҲʼж
ҪĿĽĳЩȡһʮսʼʹѪڴ֮ǰȡ硣
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ûеһʱȡ磬Ϊһ顣
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ʥĵؽճ壬Ѿ൱ĳɾͣδеҲԶˣ׼ճƴɽ׶ΣȻԳʥؼˡ
ʥص㣬һżҲסϹʥʺ޷ͻƵż
ǿԽȥôٶȲٶҲޱ䣬о˵սŷǷİġ
ла鸺ػֹǰš
硣
һſУȻԭͬҶƮ磬Ȼ仯˺һе磬תͬһѰѷĸֵܹһж˺Ƭķ
ֲһлϣ̼ͽлϵһӣ¶ͭɫƤҲһİɫӡۣ⻹лнճԭǻͨˣѾ˺ƬˣǿͬһѰѷС䵶ϵлϡ
ֳһ˿˿ʹС
лһת繹ɵתʥͿʼһĽӵӣͬʱʼɴݻһеĽڲ
ճ塣


1216  ɾ硾
ʥأճҪﵽ״̬ǾҪȫÿһÿһڹÿһƬƤҪһڵĸıʣһѶʹĹ̡
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ܶ˶޷ܵģԻ
л֮ǰδĽճɾѾԶˣҲڴ
壬Ƣڶʱ˴渡ֽӰģ·һޱȵĽӸ
ǹƤ
⽫һǳʹĹ̡
ͬ絶ϵлÿһƤÿһĥһ㣬ʹ޷ݣֻһ֡ʹ
лǿǾʹҧأȫһŬԼƣһҪȥٿ粻ϵ壬ֲϵȥ
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ʱڣ˵Ļһᾪķ֣лڷһ޴ı仯
Ƥ潥ظһĨӲӵĹâۿɼٶȣĴ˫˫ţű⸲ǵĵطͬһӣ滹ḡһЩͼơ
лȫһƬĹâ֮ĽճҲ޽ӽɾˡ
ҪҲѵһ

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Ҳˣޱȴһͻѵľʱ򣬶Ҳڿٵתţϵѭϵš
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ڴﵽճɾˣֻҪͻƣԿǼ徳ˣǸ磬ٶȣʣʵĸı䣬ͻ㵽
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һֱлǳҷ
Ҳ֪ǳǿǼһǳ֮󣬷ǿˣһսʼִս֮Ҳǳ㣬Ǿ޷սʼޱȾĶǺʵĶǳĿ£ʸɾսʼģһߣһǶܾأ
ʥ׵ĵһҲǧǰˣǸʱȻ֮Ѫӡ֮£λʥ׵ĵǿҲ׼սʼڶ췽棬ǿվһʦҶֳ̬ĶߣҲȱݡ
ԶԣսʼֵʱǳǿȴҲ֮ǰࡣ
ճ֮󣬿ɶκзǳǿķԲΪľۿۡ
ܹճǳںϣǾ͸ˡлֹҲôġ
ֶܹںϣķ»ﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ֻںϣȴô򵥵ģҪһ

лһ˵ҲĽҲʧˣĽͼ֮Ķһʧָ˱ģ
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Ҫȡˡ
үал
šлӦһ
аүҪҵİұϻȥ
ΪԣҪлȻ֪ڵľؼʱƽʱܲа飬ǾԲаæģ˻˵ȥɣסȫһ
лүаͨͨ»عԼ塣
л±ɹһˡ
磬óǰ׼һСƿСƿ棬һЩţһ˿ȡġ
壬лȻޱġ
ǳǿ󣬲ָոͻƳɾ͵磬ȼǰ൱һ󲽵ģˡ
лס
Ȼӽɵľ磬ǿһЩұ׾ؼĴڣǱѰԵģѹ绹ǿġ
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ҲֻгĴָСӡ
лٿ׽Сƿڣ֮Сƿűɢ貵Ĺâųȥл㽫СƿӸӡռָ
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1217  һʹѪһ
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Ѫħ󣿡лǰħޣ˴ħ޵ݡ
ѪħħѲħ֮һǴȺӵģǳ࣬ÿγǶǳǧѪħûģ˵ʵǳǿʵǿħ޻࣬Ըħޣ̫̣̫ѪȣұʶǳǿңѪħļ𻹲ͣһȺѪħУͻһֻܹﵽһսʼģ߸ݵȼ൱ѪħУλȼֵķǳȷ
ﵽ׼սʼѪħ󣬶һϣǵ츳ɹʺֻܵͣѪħУδһֻܹӵ츳ģǵ츳ел
࣬㲻ĽˣѪħֻͮͮ۾˸ɭɭĺ⣬ԣ͸ʡ
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Ľ˺İлѪħ󣬷ûǩԼģĶͨҲûѪħڣɵһƣѪħȻӵ츳ģ֪Ľʲôϵ
Ѫħȴſͣ¶ɭɭĵ㻰شң
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ɱ㣬ԼȡѪħ˵գҲл˵Ļᣬһһɫ磬Ϯ
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޻״ֱ̬ӳѪħ󣬱ûڣʼȱ꣬Ҫȡ߱Ҫƿزֲлſԡ
ף԰лһĶͷ޻ԭ߱Ҫ˵л˽ɵ츳ӦҲǴѪ޻жȡһħ߱ɡ


1218  һʹѪ
Ѫ޻Ҫͣӵ츳޻ǧŰپʮֻոճͣδе޻ɵʱ򣬱лնɱģʮǿĺ޻࣬Ϊ޻ӵУӶ޻ʮ츳оһ츳ǡɻ꣡
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ѪħлƾĶͨɱڽһǳѪȵɱ¾
ĽȻ٣Ҿ󲿷ֶһĸ֣ɱϾ൱̵ĽеٮٮߣǶĽʹҸԼ͵ĺܣ䣬ƴķɱ¾
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ĽҲʵǿģѸٵһ


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1219  һʹѪ
ΪԹߣлĺĽߵʵѪħ󣬿ܶһս֮ƫƫѪħǰȴ޵ֿ֮ߵĲͬʮСʮĽ׳ӡ
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1220  һ
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1221  
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1222  ϲ֡һ
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֣Ҳл⣬ѪħѪħڣϵȨֻҪѪħˡ


1223  ϲ֡
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ռֻһǧƽףɽ֮ԵЩСȴ񹬵ζΧưƵԪƮ衣
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ȻйϵһԺɱ˺ֵҺܻɣǺĳ⡣ħЦ
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1225  ʡ
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ħһ룬ҿǺ͵ħϵʸǰħǵĺ߱ħǺ͵ħ˫ʱİħǵĵλӦܹõɡսЦ
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ҲΪʲô֮⣬̸ҪҰħһڸıɵħѪԲܡħĵ
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ͬʱսҲʼɱ䡣
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ãҪƿħ
սЦûˣδ䣬һĵħͨӿŵħ滹һħͼ׺ݵն򰵺ħ
ǰħҲ֪Ӳƴʩչٶȶ
ոնܿһӴӰ׺ݵĳײȥǺȻǵħϰս
أ
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ǿĵħӲǽħײĺɳȥʮףǵħҲ߰׵ľ롣
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һħĻᶼûУֻܵ
Ҳһ˲䣬ڰл֡


1226  塾һ
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ⰵħһȻӵǵѪǺĽһģǶһսǵսֻ˵ǹҧȻǺ⿴ֳˣֻǶԣħ϶Ҫôҵȥ
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һĿǰսµķӡ
սķӡӦжսʼǿµģ൱밵ħսĹУܵĲҲֻҡΣûѵļ󣬹ʶлȫ
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һ˿˿ĹӿţϵؾɫѪҺɫѪҺУ԰ħԼѪΪֻзǳٲѪŹľл֣ѪѸٵȡħѪ
ֱ仯е㳬л֮⡣
֪ģǰħѪڻʹѪ̺뾫ѪڣΪѪľʹ֮󣬱ɷʹѪȫá
ȴǡǡ෴ġ
ʹѪȻڸı䰵ħѪ


1227  塾
ħѪʹѪʹѪı䰵ħѪȫתΪѪֱ˴˽˴˻ΣȫлϣЩɵ۵ĿţһʱûзӦøʲô
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⾫̣ȻһͣнŨԪһɡ
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׼սʼ۷徳磬ǽӽսʼһ磬磬ҪսʼҪĶǷǳɹ۵ģʱ˻Ѱ޶δܹͻƣǸĹ̡
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ħѪȻʹѪڵľ޴ķлԣˡ

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лֽɫѪҺռСƿڣʹɽ˳ؿռ
ѪħԾڰ
лһͳ˧ѪħһսʼѪħ˹ָӡ
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1228  èơһ
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лʳָյȥȺɱֶΡɱ
һʩչԲڶǺವģһǿߣǶսʼͻƱԵﶼһ˲䣬ű£ͨɱħޡ
ֻ£лӲɱ˽ٶħޣشǧħޣȻЩħ޵ʵǺǿ̫ˣʹǵ׷ɱٶȾһ

ŭ񱩵ıȭػѪħҪնɱȥɱлĴ㡣
˻
Ѫħŵü
Ķ֣ʵ޽ӽսʼӵĿֲܹܡ
ͷѪħ󱬷˵ʮ׵β׺ݵĳȡĿֱָĿɡ
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лҲеѪӿһܣƮʮײŻٿȻ˿
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лһ֪ԼʵһĲ࣬һ㣬Ҫﵽ׼սʼͻƵıԵܹĽв·磬Ⲣζ޷֮Կ
ʱͻأĳ֣
⾭ʱ֮ʱ侲ֹǿʢŴŽһӵ־ˣӽһʱѾ㹻ˡ
лҲľ籩
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񶯣˻ǿֲľͬ޾籩
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εϯħ޵ľ棬ǧڵħ޶Ѫˣеɱ
ǿն˺һ㣬һѺۡ
лҲ󵹷ɣһѪ֮ʮಽűѪħ֮סΣѪħϣĵѪħȺС

Ҳʱޱȵ
ȻȻ˾籩Σҷ׺ݵһȭͷݺݵлͷ
ǵһл籩ǰûܵˡ
лҲʶǿ
ˣǵħ綷ħˣѪħелľ籩޷ﹹвֻѵ̫ˡ
ħ壬ħǿ֮һ
лԿЦѹ־籩ЧܹԼسĵˣȷǸˡ
ĹɱҲ˲䵽
лһԼƽ̨һϽ˸Χ㸡һ޴Ľӣһͼ
壡
ǳֶΡ
䣡
Ұһǽӡ
еһ˲䣬εѸٵĻ۵һ㣬۳һ״ôڡ
䣡
ӳƣȴûбݻ١
лûֻܵǱĵ״ŭٶɱȥû뵽һȻû˵л
ˡлϲķ֮࣬ҲǾ̾ĿֲֶκѶ乹вǾǵˣʩչٶȳڡ
ȵŻʹ󿪵ģѪħѾع顣
һУͣ
л˹ٴһͣɲȥпѪħѪħ̫࣬Ծܹġ
лӵҪˣʮʱҽҪܴһָͷӮ
ԣıӶˡ
ˣѽ
ѽǵԵ
һȺѪħǵͿǹģļҪѪȴҽȴս
лҲټƽϣŻ
ȷع۷״̬õıƿ
л˾֮Ѫħǹɣܹл
лжгɹ
ٺ٣ˣβаèפѾǳ״ݻˣħ޸ϵβаèᱻģǵȻʮ򣬱ǺͰħɱ˽ʮءѪħЦ
ôࣿлΪҲɱʮѾˡ
ѪħЦβаèѪħĿǣΪ˷ֹԺ׳вǣںܾǰͿʼкͰħףȡǵһЩѪҺǵѪҺβаèŷǱѰĿƣֻҪմϣʵﲻľͻʧȥսֻܵνռİħѪҺˡ
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лˣѪħӹƿӣ˷ܵؼ
лЦô𣿡
Ѫħ֪һȡవħǵѪҲûһ㾫ѪͨѪħµһЩǣѾһЩ仯ǷЩѪ֮󣬾޷ɱΪѪħʣҲǳԽѪħľˣʵﵽսʼͻƱԵء
ǾͺãЩɣǻҪƻ̵ϣҪΪˡл
ҲУ˿ԡѪħ
л۵͵
Ѫħ˵ġ˵Ż֪ʲôطһöռָóһ̳ӣˣèƣֳħƣʵҲΪǲŻ׷ʹҲûȥ֧Ԯսǡ


1229  èơ
èƣлû˵ħƣȴ൱Ϊ⺱ܹһֺųΪ鵤ҩ𣬾˵ϹʱڶǷǳģΨһһܹʹ˵еʥ֮ˮĴڡ
ʥ֮ˮл൱˽⣬ΪҲõ
ʥ֮ˮǴ˵壬ʥƳһˮǷʷϣҲǶһ޶ĴڣǱǿ׷ƷߵʮսʼҲ⡣
ܹʥ֮ˮҲΨħˡ
ֻħƸӵϡУֻڴ˵гֹôģƵģ˭Ҳ֪
èƣħƣ˵βаèܹħƣлӹ̳ӣ治ħƣһɵľ㣬Ǻ̹ģһ˿ļ
ѪħβаèҪΪβèܹèƵģһ̳ħƣβаèµΨһһ̳Ҹҵˣٺ١Դ˿ǵ󰡣ǱϾе
βèлĵ
Ĳ֪βèлЩϤΪβèǿԴﵽŽսʼĳħޣβħһоβͣ˵ÿһβͣͱһоɱŴΣſܱɱȻֻǴ˵˭Ҳ֪ġ
βèèƣǧǰʹʥֻѡıβаèѪҪβаèнΪβèħƵġ
ˣħƣʵȻģھܺ￹ʵʵɱϣġѪħ
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ƴɱȻʤԼΪ㣬ҪɱҲѣļͷۣټٶأƽֻǺϣģЩħƣôʵҲȻģʱｻ֣ʤŻһЩġ
ãҶЩɣȡ´γǸһľϲлЦ
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лͷԸѪħɳһѪħ󣬹۲Ķʱ㱨Ǳɢˡ
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ռ䴫˸㴫˹ȥ
⴫ʱģҲģ
ʧʱһֽ档
лһݻ٣ּʲݣǵõлȥĶʱȣٶдģЩ֣лҪúñһ²ϳ
ݹһܡޡ衢۽Ϊ׵ʥȻŮפأǺ֣ҲϵˣڶǾлʹʥǧ򲻿äĿһҪСģΪʴװʹʥҵģʹʥڲ֪ιʣȻ˵ģΪᾡ֪ͨɵģʥ취ǲֽʹʥ
ݣлĵľǵڶ
Ĺڸֵлһܹǲף¶ʱںѽ룬д׿Խ͹޼ֱ̬ǿߴڣҲʲôܵ飬ֻҪеһôڱĿԽᱩ
ڵڶлʶʹʥĲˡ
˭
ǿǺųʷϵ˵ĳڡ
ʷʮǰ˻ʵһǰϹʥʵڶǰĺĦ˵ǹϵĵˣȻûпʮսʼû֪ʷϻʮսʼģսɺɨи֣޻Ϊʥ֪ս̶ֳ̬ȡ
һ޵еĴڣȻʹʥˣ
л룬Ҳûܣ֮ǰΪ֮ѪӡԵʣʹѪħβаèͰħǶռڣ˭Ҳ֪ô֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʹʥ֮ǰӡһЩҲȻῪŵġ
һлɻġ
Ǿʹʥռ±´½С̫ģʹ忪ٳĿռС磬ǵʹΪʲôѡһСΪʹʥռСأ뿪ʹʥ֣ᷢռСͿһܲ۵С档
Ҫ˴Ŀռ䣬ǱȻҪķǳʱ䣬Եʱʹ岢Σʱ̣ȴΪʲô
ѵӴռССͨĵ죿лĵ
뵱Сӣʵڿʲô
ҡҡͷЩ˼ųлתһ̳ħƣܹѸʵƷ
лȡһʹѪ뼫徳磬ڶҲһľٺħƣЩڴʵᾫʲô̶ȡ
̳ӣ㹾˹˵ĽħͳͳĹȥ壬붷ڣǶ̼ͬܵһ㣬Ѹ͵
ǿֲķҲֻܸɵۣܹƣҲҳȥۿлԼߣڵĺܡ
ͷԭʮβаèȴɢɢģȻҲ٣ԭȴ˲֪жٱһǱЩѾ۵ſڵϣ֧ԮħҲ˺ܶࡣ

ﳤ̾һˣл´ټ㣬ұɱ㣬һӲҵģ
ֻ׼뿪
ͿԶʣյӰˡ
Ϊ׵ǵħͰս̷鵤ҩβаèҲɱڵĸϵˣĿ͸һӵķβаè弸Ҫ壬ѪħһͰħ֮ǡ
Ѫħأβаèɭĺ
һüβаèҲûһָȣǶѾлˡ
ģǴ쵰βаèе
èҪ֪ܷŭҪ侲սڵ㹻֮Ȼָ۷ķҪƣȫʩչֻһĿܣǴƣĹ࣬Ҳֻܵ
βаèҧгݵĴŴ
ҲףǿԼͬ壬һַĳ嶯
Ǹô죿βаè
лȻˣһֹǺ鷽ĺǲҪżֻҪĵĵȴɡս¶һĨɭЦ⡣
սǴú̸Улǣնɱ
սûǺ鷽̸ʲôл˫ͬĵˣԵʱǻܽѪħһΧˡ
Ҫ壡βаè
飬ǻͬ𣿡Щġ
ᣬһġսŵĵ


1230  ѡһ
ɫʣ΢
ɽڣлħƣŽڱļԭ͹·ļĺˮһڲϢĳӣˣʱܱŽӵл൱ľޱȵĳ㣬׳ĺܡ
һ̳ħƴлİǳ֮󣬱֮ǰ׼ս۷弶֮еҪĶࡣ
ȫЩħƵлӿһŨصЩϵڡ
ͨħлҪȫڣתΪǽлյٶȺѸ٣ĶҲϵӣԽԽۻ롣
գΧʼ
ԼСʱ֮ȻϡлɫЩ˵ģ·˾һ㣬һһŵľħ˵ףǾˮһ֣֮󣬲ܹǿʵͬͨ˺ȵİ״̬Щκģңζ

лſͣһڡ
ŨŨ˳ĿڱֱڣΧϡҲͬҵйһ㣬ڣ̼䣬βʣ
ȫ壬лĶٶһ
Ķͬľڲʱĵﶼʼ͵ļ
֮ǰκһ磬۷弶ֻǴﵽλ磬׼սʼ֮Դ۷弶Ϊսʼɵġ
Ҫﵽսʼǲһ򵥵Ĺ̡
һ£ҪɾսʼȾ֮ѪӡƻѪʴﵽҪξҪսʼ㹻Ķͱǵ;Ŵﵽһ̶ȣȻĻײƵ;Լϵļ֮ѪӡǶ޷սʼûҪһؿĹ̡
ֻҪؿˣȻıɳɾսʼ
лھѾһҲȻӽ׼սʼͻƱԵˣֻҪ;ؿﵽһ̶ȣȻ㹻ĶͻƣͻҲֻһ֮
ûعء
ļתûκε谭ҪپȥٿأȻҪ˷ʱˡ
޻꣬ʩչԪ츳лͺȵ
ȭ״ӿռָڷ
渡ֿ޻ӰĵĵˣҪǽһؿ͵Ŀռ䣬ʩչԪ޵츳ħƵЧãΪǺܿģؿٶһЩ»Σյġ
İɣа취лЦ
лţ޻㲻˵ʲôʼ߶ƿصһ˿Ԫ޵Ĳл꣬߶츳ǣԪӿȵĻ۹лΧʹѸٵţԭѾﵽޣӽ޵ģЩԪӿ룬תΪʹõ;
лȻһЦԱ˵ؿѣΣգСĽУɶ˵ȴСһ
޷ʱ򣬱жţһԭڵĵ;ݻҪԶԶ˵ģ֮ĵ;ȱ˵ĸӵҴкǿĵԡ
лҲʹӱɱһսʼŮ׿õ˾ĸ÷
׿Ϊرʹð취лأӱ̬ƫƫǴģͨģãȴֻǼ򵥵ʹãɱ׿֮лҵ׿櫵ռǣоѾЩˡ
һǾؿ
Ҳһ֣
лҺ̬εת壬еǵλá
Һ̬뵤ﹹɵĿռڣǵڣͬı污ĤڣҪҺ̬ŵ

лͺһĵͷ·ܵһ㣬Ѹٵ̼һ൱ĵز
˵ڵĶûг͵ĸо
޻꿴Ҳľ̾ǸʥشʼХģȻǳϤļУХûлɵؿֶΡ
лǵһЦҺ̬ؿ
ܸܶ࣬ܳӡ
Ҫؿ츳ǿʵǿˣҪһµʱ䣬ܹɵġ
лֻҪǰҺ̬뵽еľڣ͸ĳ㣬ҪܸܶӷϣɵĲٿؾٶؿˣĵ;ݻѾﵽսʼҪ󣬽ҪľٴδﵽĵزǱɿսʼˡ
ֻεȴȻôˡ
лǴһսʼ׿櫼صľռ֪ˣ⿴ƲĶռ䣬Ҫʮѵģһʱܹġ
ûгأƾħƵĲԪ޵츳ǣԪǷǳġ

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лıչرˡ
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Ƚһǰħ֮ǰʵ˽֮ǰľģΪÿһҲһѣȴھڣһɴ˿ɼ׼ս۷弶ͻжôѡ
ȥؿռл˳
ͿȵĵشеѪħ󶼾ۼ˹ȥһѹֵ˷š
ΪλڲλõѪħڷ˵ľޱ䡣
Ѫħʵ൱ǿᣬɳܹﵽսʼľ磬ֶͨΣԼɱ䣬Ȼӵдﵽ߽սʼǱٶɱ䣬Ȼδɾ͸ߵġ
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Ѫħ׷׵ÿһͨǶ֪Ѫħı仯Ϊл֮лǿԼʵӿ죬Ƕл־ηġ
ǰл㷢֣Ѫħĺܲ򵥡
ƻ֮࣬Ҳ൱ֵþġ
ΪѪħ˾ĴǾѪ֮󣬱ѾԷɱˣȻǾѪɱĹУӲǽڲһ֮
Ȼֻǽá
֮Ψܹʹãħ޺ΪеĻǱˡ
һ֮ǾѪԼʷɱ䣬˿̵ȫӿһǿɫĹţѪħ·˯һ㣬ݳ鶯鴤Կڳܷǳʹࡣ
ˣҪҪһ֮޻
лȻ
ˣɻ޻ŵĵ
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޻Ծ
һ˿˿ӿ޻ﴫݳȥѪħڣܿеѪħͷ֣ѪħϢøӵľѹԣǻڳ˯УֲɿܵѹǸе־壬ɸȴ˷ܡ
𣡡
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ٶѪħ˻ȫվȻݵڵأ˷ܺͿ־ŵì˻
ǿ־壬ΪѪħȻеѹ˷ܣΪǵɾѪħʵľ硣


1231  ѡ
ѪħΪѪħʣǱδĳɾͣҲǰ˽սʼģ˵Ȼվĸ߷ˣҪ֪߽սʼϾѾǿһˣοѪħһʲô
ȺǷֳٶȼֱñ̬ݣҳɳٶҲܹܿﵽʺ缶ʹǵԳѸ͵ţʵȻᾪ˵ʣѪħһ壬˭ԸײҲֻǵĿβаèܹǣβаèȻشٽĻѪħĻǼ޵еġ
л˵Ĵ裡Ѫħ˷ܵлݵ
лʮսʼʹѪĿʲôҪԼɱΪѪħʵľ磬ˣһ˵ǺôãȻлº;ˣ˸м˼
ҲԼŬؽлЦ֪ħ嶼һͬص㣬Ҳطưɣֻһô࣬츳Ҳ޷ﵽʵ൱ľ磬һΪʵĻôͻᵮĸȫµ԰ɣ
ˣҳΪѪħʣѪħһ壬ͻٶȵĸѪħҲ̵ʱͻƣɾͶսʼġѪħܲѣʵҲõȻ˵Ѿﵽ˶սʼͻƱԵȴѾǳӽˡ
лͷãѡĸ߱ǱѪħͷλҳȥһˡ
ѪħʴӦһܿѡĸѪħǶѾﵽһսʼͻƱԵľġ
һ֮лЦŽȭ˳޻߶һ츳ǵٶȴģϣܹҷսǰͻƣ
ٵĴսʼǿл㣬ĿԽģϾһǰ˵ˣ֪ͨʥǲǰģֻǾңԶͨʹʥķӡȽ鷳ڻδˡ
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ĶͨлΧǧ֮˵ҪԸ˭أ
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лˣ˵ĵǵͱԼҪٵĶ࣬Ұħ屾βаèĿǣǵʱǣЩ̵ĸֺħޣħרĶԸβаèĻʲô
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ٺ٣ǵ̸ġѪħʵ
̸飬ߣҪɡħǵĿƳлǾһʧḶ́ɶЩˡ
ѪħһϢŷȻҪɱǵҪ˼𣿡
Ѫħ󡭡ʣħǾĵ
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ѪħǰħǵĿǣѪħΪѪħʣʵȻģʵҲǴܹԵġ
ѾǽΪʣҪǰħ壬ҪԼܹ˷ʱ𣿿ȥ֪ͨǵҪ̸ˣβаè顣Ѫħ
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лָָԼĶ䣬ҷһֵƺڰħӵеġ
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лɻȴޱ飬Ȼ֮
Ƭ̣ű㱻򿪣߳͸ŵѹ
лѪħʿʱɵˡ


1232  ȡ衾һ
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ҲУͷѣȻѾɱǳϣģѪˣôͬ˵ħѪ̵ǿߣֻͬڣ൱
ΨһܵľǣϹʥȰ˵ģ˼͵ħߵģ˼ѪǳϡУԶ޷̵֯ĹģȻĽҲˡ
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ٺ٣ԭ㺦ˣԴˣ˵ĻҾҪǰħһгرˡѪħʳ
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ſѪ죬¶ɭɭݣ۾ֳӰЦлвҪɡתѪħȵĳ󣬻Щ֮ǰ˵Ļظһ飬ҰƤ
ѪħĥƵˣвŵûԸҲ˳
˵Ѫħʱ򿪿ˣҶеѹ
ѪħһȻһ̧ͷѪħʣٿлԭµʧˣȡ֮Ǿ
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ǱҵġѪħǾͲɵӣֻǶѪбǿǺģԲʶŰ취ҲͱͻѪħķӦҲǿ죬ϽҪ޻ǣĥңңҪ˵ɱİħ
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1233  ȡ衾
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ҵȻһ߻ȻҸס
۾лûп٣ɾеһЩˣƾʲôô˵ʱΣħѾǱġ
֪㲻ţҲûбҪƺԸⷽȥ˵ʲôǻ̸һ˰ɡ
ˣҶҪ𣿡лЦеĵĿģ϶ҪԼˣ֮ͬңΪ̸»ģϾǷԼսħģɱǵħ
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лյӣ϶Լ޷ƿɰɫɱ֮Ŀ£ƺĺѰ쵽ء


1234  ɱ䡾һ
ͷβѾˣó˿ĴۣҪõѪħڵĺдǵѪľѪңǹҪ̬ȻųǿİɫţһжΪ˲κδۡ
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ʧȥ󷨵߶ɫͷųɱ֮֮ɢӰ١
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л׼оɫʲôʱһ洫˳͸һ˿Ⱥ˷ܡ
˭лϺȵ
ǰɫű㿪ʼѸٵһʵţ渡ֳһ˫ɫǣңǻʣ
л˰벽صڵǻʣһı
ǡǻʵ˵
лһⲻı
ǻ˵û֪ҵһĴ֮ǰǸһֱҲ֪
ƭɡлЦ
бҪƭ𣿡ǻƽ˵ұûѹĿܣƺ籾ԴҺ̬ŽҴԶĳ˯д̼ġ
лһ£ôһ˵ƺпġ
ǻ˵ǸģΪʲôΪһıҲӵѪĺˣ˼磬ӦͬЭǡ
ţ
СĽԴлһ
ǻʾȻӵѪˣƺҲǣ˵ΪԼõһ籾ԴŽѵģճ˼͵ħǲܵõģȻҲ޷õ۰Ƭۣ籾ԴģȻͻ˻õһ籾Դġ
ӵһ߶ѪġлѸٵһ֪ص㣬ΨһûԼصģǾǶˣһսƵ壬ÿһҪ˵ص㣬ǵѪҺսѪһ㣬лҪ
ǻһ£廹Ѫ
ԴˣлɲתƻΪ棿λǻʣʲô
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ܹ泶ϹϵȻʮǰʱˡ
ʮǰ类ħķ֮󣬵ħֵ˼磬ʱ滹ţǻʳ˼ʱ䣬Ҫ׷ݵħ˼֮ǰ¡
ǻʣ㵱ľƺӦǾŽսʼ۷徳ɣôܱһ¾ɱأлɻĵ
ǻʺߵǸԴĴˣˣһƲлҲζҪĴǸһЩõĶɣȡư˼硣
лЦ
˼ҲĽ壬ڼȻư˼磬תһ룬˼ұϾ类ȷ֮ǰѾɱģȻ֪Щģġ
ǻʣΪʲôһҪư˼磿лʼնף͵ħΪʲôһҪ˼磬սҲƴɱһĵزϧֿµĴۡ
ǻ̾Ϊ籾Դ͵ħıԴܵƻȻǿߵ粻ģԪٱǹս˼磬ʮ֮͵ħʥǿ߶ѵˡ
Դƻ˭ɵģͨ˰ɡлȻ
֪ǻ˵
л˼ô磬ҲΪ˳ư˼׼𣿡
ǻʵûǷǰģ˼簲ұ㣬㶷ѪȻٽ֮㣬ɽҳ齨ǿư˼ˣ


1235  ɱ䡾
Ƿ߰ǰлν׼ǻŵģھ뵱ǻʴѾʮˣڼ˶ٴˣ˶£Ϲʥ糬սлŲţǻʴڡ
ư˼磬ûô׵ģǻʣھǸѾʮˡлѵ
ǻʮ꣬һ£Ҳû뵽һƲл˯Ȼʮ꣬Ȼʮˣóʱ䰡
ǰ˼Ҳһδﵽ˻Իʱĵزҵħ˼ҲǳǿҪư˼磬ɲô׵ġл˵ȴǶ˼ȫϣĴڣҲˡ
ԭʮǻ˵ʮ֮Щʧ䣬Ҳɵϣʮ꣬ʲô鲻ܷ
ҸҺǸԴĴŵĹڰɣѾˣǴڵĻҲһ¡ǻ˵
ǻ뽲л
ǻ˵ܹһǧ˼磬ʹһǧˣһǧˣһǧˣʮһǧˣֱںɽѩشк򡣡
ǶˣǸ֮⣬һǧʹ˺һǧڵħֵʱѾˣʮһǧӦǰıĦ˸ģһǧӦǰֵģѾﵽʮˣҲˡлش
Щȷʷϵġ
ϾÿһսʱǵһܵģΪ˷磬ȴðһЩǿߣȻͱȽͻأˣʷʷжмصġ
ǻʿɬҡҡͷ
ʮʱ䣬һжѾ֪Ĳһˡ
ǻʣ˵ǱԼƭģ˵һƲлǲӦϵлĵĻ
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ȻһƲлӦʹ뿪ģǾڵĸоʹ嵱ûаҳնϺϵǻ˵ӦþΧһڣϢ΢ƵԶˡ
ƵԶˣ滹ûлѿڽе
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滹ţȻԶˣҲʹʥ棬ʹʥڵİԶôˡ
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Ϊ֮ν壬֮ã籾ԴƵģǰģڿ֮ȻǾ߱ɱġ
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аܿˣδ\ԨʥŮǱߵ飬ڵõлٻ֮󣬻ǳˡ
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ûǻҪ֮ҵѪУʲôѪȻᱻʶ޹ϵǾΣˡл˵
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ǵģսʼܹʩչĴɱ䣬Ψдﵽ˽սʣʩչɱŲӰսءа˵
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лҲǳһ
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ʮ֮ǻһƲлŴﵽ㣬Ҳ۵Ĳл궼ģʾۼԼ
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ϢҰıлʼҵţ֮Ҳǻʲл

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ǻʵϢԽԽ΢Ĳл궼쳣ģ󷨶ޱ貣ϵǻʴ
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ǰɫ֮ǻʵĲٿ֮£лȥѸٵ͸ȥ
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аȻչͷųһǿֱӽ֮ǿглڡ
ͬһʱ䣬лҺ̬Ҳ񱩵ĳε񵶣ֱӽǻʲл󷨵һӸնˣҺ̬ȫһƲлȫӵĿܣʱлſڵлҪ˼һѪˣ


1236  ɱ䡾
ɣ
֪лݣǻŭˡ
ûϣģ˼һЩư˼Ļᣬû뵽Ȼã㱻Ͼ֮һƲл꣬Ƕǳģ֮ΨоҺ̬ǿ߲ʹãһȫԦӳĿ£ܹһŽսʼǿߣͬ޵еģõ׵ʮսʼҲûпܵġ
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һ̶ˣβպ
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ӦлĽӥ޻꼴̳˷ܵطһ˻ǳɫĻ棬ͽһƲлˡ
ŲлĸҲ»ع˼ž
ӥ޻عɵ
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лҲˣȥϢɡ
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ˡлͷ
˱а鴩ͨع鱾塣
л֡
ʳָŷӳȫвŽսʼǿߵɱ䣬ֻʵ̫ԷӳˣҪԶսʼҲǿԵġ
Сβָҩָһо綾һ䡣
ֵ㹻вǿˡ
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лὫٵлȻὫʹã׺¡У󷨱㱻ݻʮطŶĨȥˣ󷨾ѷˡ
Щл߳
һţŵħǾһ
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˴λعȣ׼ս
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̸ȷ̷֮ϴϢ̸еʱ䶨֮ɽڡ
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ͬһ飬һص㣬Ը˴ˣ˫֪Է˼ıҪ˴˹ıˣ˫˭ܼһ
ʱ䣬лһֱڰĵ
Ѫħʴƶżƻ
һжɵĽš
Ҳ鱨̵βаèĶΨ鷽ʼմڶУ·ǶлͰսľٶһԽˣԽ˾ⲻ
ʱ䣬תۼ
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ͬһʱ䣬ħ巽Ҳˡ
ǵĿͬβаèפء
˫ƶԷɵ˭Ƶ˭أ


1237  ¡һ
ɽո߹ңƣΧɽĵģֻħ޵˻ûУֻ΢΢ȷ紵Ҷݷ졣
ɽĵĵطһȺˡ
Ƿֳ֡
һվ࣬һվڶ࣬˴Ҳʮ׵ľ룬෽棬ħ޾Ӷ࣬ʮ֮ŵħޣ޼֣Ϊ׵ȻǰսǵħҲΪ෽٣вʮˣԼжʮΪ׵һԼ׸ߵ۾ڳֵ飬Ǳˣ¡
طտҲһһޡ
ﻷܣʵڳǿģǽеħѪ֮ʵǿ޽ӽսʼĵزڴУҲսΪҪǱҪɱл
ʼչעΧΡ
ݰսлϸҲ֪лӵǱеΧûлӰ֮󣬱㿪ʼ¡
ﶷħǿľǿ̽ʮڵһϢģҲܸӦġ
ǲ˺ܾãȻûһϢ·лû
ս٣лû
ս΢΢һЦѾˣֻǲ֪ĵطѣȻȻὫģʱħעҵƣֽɱѪħ󣬺ߣһȺСˣֵһᡣ
ͷ
սֶԵħټһ¡
áħӦһ۾Χ˶ܸоһ˿΢ڵħϵţ֮ʧˣû⣬һ
ţȷл֮󣬲Ҫ쳣УҪһ򾡡ս˵
ħ׼һ׵ֻ鷽棬Ļܸоǿס鷽棬ģ׽͸
սһ˿ŵЦ⣬¿϶ƣһ㣬ҪסǾǸֻǿռɢ꣬Ƴɵ飬ǵĽӴ֣һ㣬㣬ǡþѪħǿҲ˵Ѫħ󲻵ǰħǵĿǣĿǣ˵һԼĿȫĻᣬǻĿǣ𣿡
ᡣħ
ǾͶˣʲô뷨һнǳģѪħиκħ޶޷ֳ̫ˣֻ֮֡սŵ˵ǵϣģԼˡ
ħͷӦ
˫˴˶ţûнĴ㡣
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˵ĵش
ս٣һлбҪ鷳𣿡ȿڵ
սȻһЦǰ죬ҺͰıϵˣĴǣлδҲòС¡
ııǺǣе˼һŵˡЦǺǵ˵
ǰΪĿģл֮ǰδʧһΡս˵Ϊܹźܴвˣ˷ѵʱ䣬Ҳǿģǰأ
۾Ӱģ˸Կı飬޷͸۾ø¿ӵĸĪ⡣
ѾҪһвãԸ㲻ʧµ˵
սЦǰܹҵҪȥãͱҵϿɵģΪеģǰľǣǰϿɣ˵˼ƳɹĿԷǳģڷڴлĳˡ
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δڣսһ֣һ͸ιֱǵΧ˿Կǣȴ޷ǵǰлҲ޷κһֻܿſ˵
ιڣսЦϣǰ̡
ȷԼҪ˵飿²ûκ𾪵ı֣൱ƽƺһж֮С
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ƽ˹ս֪뵽Լ̸еĿĺ뷨Ҳ̾ѣ˼ȷ׽͸ܹ˼ƾоħ츳ǿߡ
ħ壬ħǿ֮һǵǿԼʵǿǡǡ෴ǣħǵħս֮һȴһ嶼ҪĽǾνǾ˵ı۰ˣҵħ壬ֻҪǿϳ֣ܹ¸һ۰򣬲Ҫ֮ǰĸǿǲ㹻ƳܹΪǿɱﵡ
ʶֻҪӵħˣܹ츳ڵħͻᱻе嵱ԴϾǵħĴħ˲еʱ򣬺οˣҲħ忰Ƶħıÿεħ緢սıҪ֧֮һ
ħˣ츳ڸҿЦɣǴѪħˣ츳ļҲǰٷ֮ʮѣһֻӵвѪˣȻԾ츳ǿЦЦڻҵ֪ʶ𣿡
սȻĵһȽϺãԣеõһմȾħ޳ͫ񻢾Ѫħʯ


1238  ¡
ͫ񻢣ǿħ֮һɳ޵мħޣ侫ѪǾƷħ޶֮͵ĴڣܹһΣһħ޷ɱ䣬ڴħܴﵽļޣ߼ħ޵õѪҲܹı壬ħ壬ͫͬȼħޣ侫ѪҲ޷ͫᲢۡ
ħʯһּ亱ʯݴ˵һǧż츳ڵأ侫Ѫδţȫ͸뼫ϡеϾУʱݱ䣬ϾŻᵮһöħʯƷ̣֮ʹħʯĺ̶ȣ˳ͫ񻢡
ߵĽϣͫ񻢵ľѪħʯĴڣһ߽ϣôͻ߱һ
츳
ֻҪųͫ񻢵ľѪħʯа˳ϵļʼ츳󷨣ɹʿɴųϡ
ʶս˵մȾųͫ񻢾Ѫħʯʱڸµ״γ˶֮ǰ侲͸ͬʱڵĿ̫ϡ٣̫ܣǳͫ񻢣ÿŻһֻħеһĳͫ񻢾ʹʥ浮ģ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰѾһֻ̤սʼĳֲڣڱչأһأ˭Ҳ˵ʲô硣
ĺܺáµ
սҲףҪһ㣬ɲô׵ģ԰ɣҪ˵ã䶯½õģ֣ΣлģõһЩô۶ϣҲֻʮ⣬ôҲӦòлɣܵõʥҵõһöħʯҲǿġ
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1239  ıԡһ
˫֪˴ʩչıԣҶɽȵν̸ΪӦõĸıԣıˣʩչıԣ˭ռţǾζ˭ǻ۸ߡ
ս٣ȥɱЩѪħлˡԼʵ൱š
һǰܹɱлڽڰˣҪɱлϾǵʵһ¸ʵ
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ߵ𣿡лĵ
ȻսȥԸѪħˡ
䣡
У׹ҫлУʹͬеսһ㣬չһõĲʵ

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1240  ıԡ
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һնУû˻ỳɵħԴ뿪ġ
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ؼʱ̸ϵħΪħֵűɱһͬʱҲ֡

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лŵħ߿գվʳָһɱˣ


1242  л
ɱ䣬֮ɱ䣬żɱ壬ϺĴڣлڽӽսʼʵҪʩչҲҪ˷൱ֻǿʩչһΣҽܷӳһѡ
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֮ŽսʼǻʶҪΪ֮ҵĶõúãܹʮսʼͷĴڣ֮жǿ
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ԶʮһսʼϵǿߺлѡٶѳȥͻħʩչֶδսߵĿܣѡʩչɱ䣬Ҫ⴫˵п޵еɱжôǿ
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лվ۾


1243  һ
лţûɵĵǰصʬ壬ͬĲʬ嶼һ˿־壬Ƕ֣ԼڳеİħǱرɱ
ллսˣǵĺҲˣҲˣˡҺлĿԣ찵ħѸٵʧɽڡ
ܣѪħǲŷ˷ܵؼ
лһ
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лڻعȡ
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һ֮ξƵĵлȫָ
ˣôû»ȥƾɽڵȫԸɵǵġѪħʶԷʼղ⣬Ļع飬ѪħЩչصսǿгأǴȵ侳硣
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ᣬƺ֪һڶ̾תƵֶΣܹ뿪ǵİΧ׷ϣȻһԱܹɱѪħȻܹߣȻˣα׷ǲأ˵ǻȥҲкôġлЦ
ʲôôѪħʷһԼлǰеɵˣȻ׷˼ά
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Ѫħʵһ󷨣ֵ󷨣Ǵ⵽ģҺֻиܹ
ˣ´ǹܲǰֹǿұ󷨣ֱܹǵڲлЦ
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лЦſ޼ϰǲǸ͸¶һ£ľ絽һ׵ս˰ɣ


1244  
ڴ峤׿ԽϹ޼ʵһֱлʥ֪֮֮һ
ʵ̫ǿˡ
峤׿ԽȻһ˲Ϣ䣬׼սʼ۷ǿնɱ˼ҵսʼֶûоǵӦֽɱĻлҪǶԸıչսʽдɱˡ
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޼˴Ĵָ
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޼͵峤֮ԲӰ죬ΪǴһЩֶΣϮһսʼȫû⣬Щ֮ܳǰ˽սʼһˣͻδȫɢ֮ѪӡԣҾͱأȻҲţӶҲҪһչأûʲô޷һαչضѣ룬һ˵Ļƾ߽սʼϵĸӦȻܹ϶ҵݣʱǻôȻΪ˷ֹΣգΧʥǵˣʥǾΣˡ
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Ƚ⣬λʹʥǸɵǣ˭֪أ֪˭أǱǴڵжԵУûˣʶðһԡ޼˵Ҳ֪ҵĴڣǶ֣ܹһ򾡣һǾ͸ˣֻɱ֮һһʱ䣬ģһлҪǡ
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лǳǿĽȹѹˡ
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лҲ˵õһЩУҲʹʥһڰ˵ģǴ˵Ǹطֻǿºѽ밡
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ʹʥʹͬھľٶΪʲôȴû׼СأԭǸصĵطŲ֪ʲôӲǽѵĿռСˡ
оǽ׷ΪλѡʹʥΪĵطأΪȻǲԵģΪǸصͷųܹģ˵һеֶΪǸصڣʹʥı仯
Щҵ̽鱨ΪˣѪħ棬һͻƼޣﵽŽսʼǿߣһβèаħǻɢ֮󣬴ȥ̽һ£֮󣬾ҲûлȫˡѪħʼ˵һ̽Ǹطȥ꣬ӡǵˣҾȥﵽʲôͷ֣ǸصĵطûˣȴһɷǳǳµֻҪУͻᱻ䣬ܵÿ죬ҲǱˣӳʱץЩȥһȻǣһЩϹʱǿħ޵ǡ
˵Ѫħʱˡ
֡޼ü
Ҳɻ
ʲô𣿡Ѫħʲĵ
ܴ⡣޼˵ŷǳµ䣬԰ɣ
Ѫħʵԣ䣬˵Ĵǿߣ֮ԱˣӦòôǿǰ˵ŶԣΪһѹ
޼ʲôǻý׷ոʲôһһȻһط㲻𣿡
ѪħգգۣҲЩסˡ
ȷ⡣
Ĳ˵ǹģ⣬ˮͻ𣬾ͺѾۼһһģҲΪˮº͵ģǳ֮أ
Ժԣһ
ƫƫξһط߱
лԺвظƬۣǲǾۼ籾Դ͵ħıԴ
ֱԴĽˡ
ðۼһ飬ͬʱãⲻɣ֮ڵʲô
һǣлǵǻʵĲлᵽһ㣬˵ʮǰǿߣʮսʼУȷʹʥ棬ôǸڵǷأҲ˵Ѿ֮ʣ˱㣬ֵĸǿҲͿˣȻ֮ǰҲᱻ׷ѡȻ󲿷Ѿ׷ոˣֻϧҲûиͳ׶Ͼ
ǻʿᵽǸԴĴͬأǷǳпܵġ
Ǹȶ鶯أ̽Ǹأ޼ʵ
лЦȻ̽Ǹصĵطˣȹ飬ϴ֮󣬱ȻҪȥȥ̽Ǹط鷳ô죬дϸţʲô⣬дΪǶ
޼һѾҡ


1245  ءһ
ǲûäĿǰȥǸصĵطΪرԤ׼ڣڴڼ䣬Ѫħʴ죬ȥǸصط̽ΣžĵļƻƶѡȡԱǰȥϾǸط̫Σգ԰ȫΪԲȫ̽İΪҪġ
л׵壬Ψܹǰµ
ξѪħʣ䣬ҲʶҲǱѡģǹ޼һΪ
衢Ůأһϱг޼ǿģҪȶƣǲڵ䣬ֹ⣬ŮǿԹעȷԼڲƵΪãԽһ˫˫ͻƵĶڱչأо£ѪħԼϵ⣬ͨԼ֮磬ǰ֪ͨصˡ
һѡ塢϶·Ƶȹʮǰȥڡ
ƶһУ׼׵ų
лҲڽĴһսʼѪħ󽫽һµļȭҲûˣ֮ǰΪҪֻѪħͻƽսʼɾѪħɽһսУδüȭףȻĻԼȭ׵ļӳлɽȵսӵľˡ
ĴѪħδϣŮͱòȻ԰ǾʵģϾ̫֮ΣգлƵ׼ſԣǼȭףɵͳͳ֤ϲųġ
뿪ȣʮһޱֱڡ
صĵطλʹʥλãǽ׷յɽ·Ҳǵ뱻ӡֱ·
һ·лĶͨΧһϢ
޼Ҳܵĵ͵ΪĴڣһ¶Ļ鷽漫ܻڵһʱѡߵģû¶ѪħвΣʱ̣мսʼϵǿǿгأ侳ĴۣҲܽѪħߵģܹ֮Ϊǿһ֧Ϊսʼǿģʶǹؼʱ̣ǵһЩսʼ侳ĴۣһʹʥĻǾҪű֣޴չصļΣգΧ˵ˣϾлһĻʧ࣬ûĸŹֻġ
Թ޼ĴڣҪġ
й޼飬⣬ʧȥһоͿʹʥ֮ʧȥΣա
ܿǱڵλá
˵ؾڸɽ֮£ԭǱͻأֵĸɽѹסģֱѪħʸڿһֻͨ൱ء
л׿Ǹɽ֮ۡ
ȻԿһ䲻һ񽣣ŭĿӣֻϧѾʧȥƾľԣлİӦϸӦ˵ڵȷǺް
ֻĻħ֪ȥʲôطǱ˶ˡ
׷գ޼ǵܣĵ˵ĻҴȻڣϹʱĩҴ峤ĵʱµ֮һпսĳǿߣֻϧȴѪɱ䣬ɾ͵ħˣȴҪ˼ͼңɾʮսʼ磬ȴĽ׶Ͼעˡ
лЦĸ֮ѪӡĶǻĺѽ֮ѪӡһƻôأҲΪ˼ˡס
ԣɵôЦ
ѪħʵĴ֮£ڴҲǽѪħСС״̬¿еĿռ䡣
ɽȽ⣬ƺҪ׷ŷɱãĵطҲѽġѪħʽ͵
л΢΢һüԲ̧̤࣬ɽ֮ϡ
أ
һ̤ȥɽؾȻӡûв
лսսʼµǿߣȻɽ϶޷½ӡɼɽ̺
޼Ǵ壬ڴϤ΢Ӧһ£Цɽڵȷһ޷ʹʥѪȲбɱ¾֮һ󷨣ԭǿγ޷ƽķģֻϧ׷δһ޴ȻĻǻ޷ǸڣǸ֮صġһָǸѪħµͨ򣬰ͨǽ֮ء
Ȼлͷ
ȴѪħʩչû¡
ȻǸɽڵȱݣлڵǱУȻܵ൱谭·ˮϣǳļһ㣬൱Ĳлʵ㹻
ܿﵽ֮ص
һǳӴĵضڴΪĺֲܴڣ·Ǳñֻݵһ㣬ֱͨ׵ĵ£ɽڣ֮ʧˣͬлСβָҲ쳣Ŀ¡
Ѫħʣл·أһЯڡ
һν֮ǰлصػƸɽһܣͨĶͨ鿴ȷȷû˷ǣŽС
ʮһ޾ǵضڴ
˵غںģֲָǵʵԶĵط޼ָһʮͬԴƾճ֣ضʮ׵ķΧյ磬ŷ֣ʮ׵ĵطһһĴڣǱԷĸԶĹԴסˡ
Ǿڵ棬ǳǳĿ£Ҽµ䣬ƺγ˴˵е֮ӰѪħʿȻЩ־塣
лЦ֮Ҳֻһ˵ѣ޷ǾʵﵽʮսʼˣΪˣ֮ҵǼϧֻǿʱȻγɵӰˡ
̸Ц䣬ǰ
޼вһ
氡϶ͬһ͸Ĺһ㣬ŶûС
лȴеڵɫ񵤾Ȼһ¡
˵ԵȣȽȥ
һȥɡ޼
ɣΪ޷ֿ̫ãű˳ģǰǿȴҲԿܡлҡͷ
ߵǰ
ҪСİ
лһЦڳ֮ǰļڣ嵹Ǻúÿһ罺ģ趼ҪˣڱҲԼҪͻƵһ磬ܹǰ㣬û̫ƽϡ
ǿֻġ
κɴԽҲĵطлϼȭףɵתϣ֮ҲʶڣʱҺ̬ǿġ
һ׼лŴԽ
һУ˱ҲѿӰоϢ·лƾʧһ㡣
˶ڽŵĵȴš
Խ
лʮ޼ĹԴȴǵ󷨵ҹ飬ɢ͹θǿңڿƮţһַǳʵõСƷ
һԽĶͨϸ
֮ǰѪħ˵֮Ȼûܹȴ΢ƺǶʱǡñգô£֮󣬱鷳һЩģǷֻҲ˵壬ΪʱѪħµҪ
ĶͨԲǧڵ
ĵģϢ
ȷ֮лŵһöҹ飬öҹһȥֱʮԶľ롣
â˸л۹۲졣
ȻյģûʲôֻһЩƵıǲûʬ壬ֻǵɫĺۼͬ·ٵӡ
лͳĸҹ飬ʹǰԼһٶ׵Ŀռ磬ȫǲƵı
СβָҲ
ԭҩָɣָɫعͨɫָûʲô仯ʩչҩָҲɢһ˿˿Ĺˣȴͨ巺ɫѸٵɫأﵽɫĵز
ʲô
Ȼﵽ˾˵ĵزҳȴ䣬Ӧüž綾ģĻ¾νҩʦǣһӣȫʦҩʦǺĿܡ
лԼñҩָж
һĻˡ


1246  ء
ųɫâҩָƯڿУЯл嶼뿪˵棬òСĽĲٿڵƵҼӳֹ֣ʲôͻ⣬Լ뱻С
ɫҩָâελͷųȥ
ˡ

ռڣл۾ܴﵽĵطеĲƱȫһЩط
һЩɫҺ帽棬Щɫ㻺ţͬһǲȴЩƵıȻ˼£лɱͬ˲ٿһ㡣
ֻЩлǰ׵ĵطƾնס
лҩָҲǰָȥ
ಡ
һʱ䣬ϵĲƱϰټͳͳĵлǰ׵ķΧֹͣϵزš
лûκζֻĵȥӦĸоһصڲǳ΢Щı棬ʹЩ̺ŵɫҺ׷׵ÿһ涼һЩɫҺУ˴Ȼͬһ޴ɫһ㡣
е˼ƱȻתһǴδءлȤĿǰһС
ȭڵĿ޻ð˳뿪ȭףˣǼ޽綾䣬ҪСİ綾Ҳܶ깹ɻԵĴʴ
лһ£ѹֿ޻ڼȭڣӦ˭ٿصƱڵ
еϤ޷ȷ޻ʱǳԶҪ磬֮ǰǰ˽սʼħޣ˵˵֪̫ˣЩ޵ļ䣬˵еϤҪȴ൱鷳һ飬ܶ϶ЩƱ棬Ӧԭ˵һ߲лڣǲлԭ򣬲Ż˱ֵġ
ҽЩΣգЩлܷ꣬Ӳлļжȡʲôл˵
ֻҪǲд䣬ҾܹĶġ޻Դ˵ʮ㡣
лͷתЩƱ
ʱĲƱ棬еɫҺ嶼ޱϡΪҩָԵʣѪħʵ˵ûΡ
ɫҺڿγͬһ㣬ˮš
лۣջ֣ȻȻҩָɫ;綾۵ҺĴڵȥ
һָ㶯
ɫĹδҩָٿȻйһ޴Ĺ֣СǡúͶɫһ޶
лǰǽɫҲǰȥ
ࣣ
սɫθɫҺ塣
ʱɫҺͬһ㣬̡죬һɶϢϵɢЩž綾ҩָĹ㽫Ĩˡ
лָǰɫҺ塣
ҩָļ룬ɫҺĵֿ˲ʮֹɲǼ䣬һоͶعƽ
žžž
зŵĲƱ档
޻Ҳ֮ȭס
𣡡
һͳ˻𣬱߶ɻ޲л꣬ʩչ츳ɻ꣬ЩƱһ˻𣬷ͿƱ棬һõĺɫӰѸٵķڡ
ɲлꡣ
žžž
Ʊ֮أֻ΢𵴣еıͳͳķ飬ֻʣµĲһЩ֮ǰδĲƱҲʱ
ˢˢˢ
һɫĹδЩƱųһ˿˿ݳлеԼ·ڼٵš
ЩƱд󲿷Ǿ綾䣬еȴ̺޾൱Ĳ
ܿռڱ㵴һ
лһеϢ壬һֱѹƵľԶΪ֮һ
ȷΣ֪֮ͨˡ
ȵĽ˱㴩ԽǰһĻҲǾ治ѣѪħʣǽеǿÿһѱ棬ŨԪ֪ҾͶռˡ
лʧЦǰɡ
æô¡
л㽫ŵ˵һ顣
ѪħļҺãҺãҲ̰ûЩƵı
ҿǱѪħһãûȤİɡ϶ԴȤ
ѪħʺٺٸЦ
˽ŵ鶼΢滺һЩ
Ũɲܹӵеġ޼Щųı֮󣬱жϡ
лû´ĻӦʮǰʱʮսʼµ
棿ǹ޼𰸸ĵɴ۾Ͼǿǹϵ޵мڣʷ·ǳǳŨصһʣ˵ħ֣޹ҲǰλģΪǡܹƵħʶ÷ǳ֮ġ
ǵģĨɱʮǰǻʵĲл֪ǱɱģлԣʹʥڣһδȫϾл¸˵˳֮ǰûἰ
޼ˣȷӦµģڿ϶棬ֻ˭ܶʩչ˿µأҪ֪˵İҪɱġ
ô˵ʷмص˵汻ħɱˣ浽ڻδȫ
ţӦȽ⣬˵֮Ҫɱɱɱʷǿ˻ʻҪѣֻҪһܹģֻ˵û´統ʱҲǷһ㣬ǰɳǿǰΧġ޼˵
Ȼġʾͬ⡣
Цһ£лҴǻ֪һЩ֮ôһƶϣǵħ֮ǰһǧǰɳ˴ĸΧ棬в棬Ȼ˼ģشɱǻʣͬǸΪԴĴļһǸǻʵͬ飬Ӧ䷽ŷǳĳɾͣ԰棬ȻʤҲ˼ûлָ⵽ħ繥ȷ磬ħ֣Ϊ˱˼磬ֻδ֮ǰͿʼһճ־õĴսνıħɱҲӦǼ࣬ˣĻܻʱ򷢻ãǾһֱԿ񡣡
ƶϣ˵ͷҲ
ʱ򣬿޻ð˳ˣѾȡһЩƵļ仭档
Щ˵лϲ
޻ط浮ĵط

һ˶סˡ
Ȼ浮ĵطǾԴˣľ˵ΨԴڲܹ棬ҲΨԴܹһʳΪڶλģһΪ棬Ǿ͵ػˣ˻ʵôƺͳ󳬼ڵġ
֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻɳѸ͵ľľľʼʮΪ֮ܵѪӡչˣһܹ֮ﵽ˽սʣŽսʵģǾѳΪʮսʼܹõԴܹõָ㣬ľȻܹΪһλˡ
˵Щô£л˵
޻ڱԴֻһƵĻ棬Ǿ͸ǰϵƶϣӦǲһǧϵĳǿɱġ
ȿȡ
·Ʋ㱻ԼĿˮǺû˵ɣǾŽսʼĴʰǸոͻƵģҲǾŽսʼôΪһڣɳһǧ統ʱľŽսʼ𣿵ħ磬˼ܵħ磬ʮǰ˼ǾŽսʼ򣿲ܣܡ
ġ޼˵͵Ҫ֪ΪʲôʮǰΪΪŽսʼǳ֮࣬ǡһ٣ЦŽսʼ۷徳ģһҲֻʮ˰ˣͻʮսʼģָǸʱŽϹʥŽսʼˣҲ˶ѣʱͱΪԻϹʱĩڣŽսʼֻвʮˣдﵽ۷徳ľֻһǷͻʮսʼҲȷʱΣľŽսʼѳһģΨǰĺĦʱȽ⡣
л໹ԽԽ
޼һ˿Ц⣬һѭʷǿһǧǰȻﵽ˱㣬ôҴмصһЩ˵޷ȷٵʷжϣǵһʱĳԻڵʱˣһǿڶʱĿʼ


1247  ưϣһ
˵ʷȷһѭḶ́ϵشﵽ۷壬Ȼֵ͹ȣٵ۷壬صֻء
һǧǰʷϴδйĳ͹ȡ
ôǷζµԻʱĿأˣôǿҲȷԽԽġ
лݱ鱨֪ʥǣʮµʮǿߣǧˣʲôȻаٷ֮ʮʮɷһǧǰ½Ų߰ʮء
ǲࡣ
˵ôˣǻعɣǷǵڶʱĿһ꣬ͻֳһ֮󣬵жپŽսʼǿ֣߳жϳлһ˿Цµ϶ԵȵǸʱˡת޻˵˵ʲô
ǻʺһһ޻е
һʲôлü
޻ѹеľȻſһΣûȥ˵ǽǻոֳ
̧ͷȥ
ֻ渡Ӱ
һǴﵽŽսʼ۷徳ǻʣ̬ˣƲվڵλá
ǻԱֵ߳Ӱȴ˵һ
ǺȻǡ֮
ܣô֮ѵĴ֮񣿡ѪħʼеҪ֮ǣǡ
лߵʣͲеϢ
ѪħʱȳĲӲһЦ˵ʲôˡ
֮ǼٵģֳĻӰǻʴһģӦģµ֮磬֮񡣡лߵϣӦñȽϤɣڴⷽļ絽ûʮǰ˴֮ġ
޼У
϶Ĵ𸴣ĻδѪħʳһƳлһʧɵԴҲѹ֣౾ѸĵģѪħδﵽ˽սʼȻ޷ıԵģǱԡ
˭л
޼һصа
а֪Ѫħʽе
֪Żų˵ʲô֮񡣡лߵ
ѪħʸЦˣҴˡ
лڰ֣סҪǴкֳ̫ܲţϵӰ죬Ļжϳִ󣬴ӶԼǳı֮еģҲϣģ˵ɣаʲôһû˵
ҲãȻ֪Ϊа
аˣҲˡѪħ˵аÿǧŵһصĴڣа֣עͻ֣аҲζţ罫һͳĸ֣ÿǧ꣬Ϊаĵطᵮһаа֮󣬾ͻᱻһɫĶֻܿа۾ȥ֮һ޶ааĵطӵʩչԶɱʮսʼľ綾ױȵһֱһ˵ν֮񣬾аΪƶɵĴ˵
лҪԸ棬ȷǻǲаģа֮Դ֮ԴǾУעĵˡ
޼ƶϵʵһ޶˿ǴеʾǾģֻаԭڵħ絮ģ֪ô£ٴʮ֮ǰȴת磬Ȼаµ滹һаҲһǴУҪСġ
ǡѪħаһŵҪ˵ˣһлϸĿڵ˵ҩָɽһ綾ɱȥ
꣡
϶λŮ̲סЦ
϶٩Ҫɱȥɣͷǰ·
ٺ٣ǵɣóΪҵ׸ѪħʸЦ
ҶЦ
ֻǵЦݶǺȻл˵ϣаȴó綾֮⣬ɻ
Уа֮ΪǶҲħаеʶΪа֮޼˵ҷģаӦѾѶǹ̫вˣҿЩȻŨ˵һ㣬ҪһЩȻаţаóԸǵģǿжϣǵȷѾ֮ʣ˱㣬СЩһİȫϵġ
һİȫϣѪħֹǺһΣղһֻûҿڡ
лǴҰγЯÿһŨҲǶԼһֱˡ
ãͬ⡣Ѫħʵһ̬
˷׷׿ѪħʸϽһڵϵĳǰҪγ׸лġ

ѪħһΡ
ǳȻ˿
ѪħʲɼˣεȻδܽⳤγ
ʵȴ޼лǿˡ
ԡ޼ǰ
̽ץסͰΣǳȻҲûбγ
޼߽սʼľ磬ûнγ˲ʶЩ򵥡
˷׷׳̽
Ǹյͬлף磬϶飬׷ʩչԵĲͬ
ɽһ԰γ
ô°лĵճǵ۷壬ô꣬Ҳ˰ɣ϶԰γ
һζһ󷨵Ĵڡ޼˵ǰɳһٶףȻһööҹ顣
ͨ׵ķΧڶУЩƵıڴųʮ׵ľڶбڵϡ
޼ͨˣߴ¹
лķ֣޼ϹһĨϲϿǷʲô𣿡
Ҵйصģȱһ󣡡޼ǿе˷ܣΪڸ˶
󣿣
˾ǲ⡣
֪ʱѪħԴ֪˻ʷһרʤǿһЩ涼ǵͨһ׽İѣʮѣʮѽ࣬һЩʩչʮһսʼͨһٶʮ˰ɵ˵ܹɱսʼɱ˼ܹ˵ħһҪֻǺʧˡ
֪ĶƺܶడлĿֲ֮࣬һ⣬Ѫħ֪Ķƺȹ޼֪ĻҪֻ࣬ǹ޼֪ĶǴռмصģѾ֪ģ
ٺ٣ҺġѪħʵĵɿ϶ſԣ֪Ҫ٩һ̵ܵлߣǵ϶Ц
лǰǸʲôã
޼ѹ
ѹ治ǡѪħʽе
Ӧ˼Ķ޼˵ΪȻѹҲζűֹа֮;綾Ⱥܣֻ̫ǿˣаãҪ¶ĶǺܲˣҪһ룬βܹ鷳
ڵϣĿ˼
ΧΧİȫ˼
һСʱ֮󣬹޼۾
ϣ뵽Щʲôлʵ
ƺƽ֮Ҫҵڲſԡ޼˵
Ѫħʽе
˾Ϳ۾ѪɫģʼĴѰ
Ҳڲҡ
лҪ˵ˣ޼˵ǰϹʱľŴ䵽ôģҼǵ˵ǴĽɣô˵ǾŴʥȻɵģ
˭˵ģɣ޼ЦָȭڵĿ޻˵
˵ġ޻굹Ҳ
޼ЦŴǾŴʥɵģ֪˻µЩơγɵģΪ˻ھŴʥڻ˵ʱŴ䣬ŴԾŴΪ͵ģǾŴڵߴ壬ʱ˻϶˼ذܵģΪ˼δʱľŴԸսʼǿߵľѪȫֳ۶ɾŴʥŴʧȥǿڵħ֮󣬾ͱˣֹƺǺĦ˵ԵʣЩʥڵľѪŻɢߴ֮ġ
ҡ޻ĵŴ嵱˵ľٶħޣҲеԼĻɺܻ쵰ġ
޼ֹ𣬡飬ҲǺ֪ģȻӲ֪ˣҲҪ𡣡
лҲǸпࡣ
Ҳû뵽ʮǰȻ飬Щ׻ΪħиħЫħӣʹʤ㼸ǰٷְ٣˭Ҳû뵽޵츳ʩչ֮󣬾Ȼõħٷְٻʤͬھ֮ʱ̣ͷļ룬һ¸ıĽ֡
ҵˡѪħʱҵˡ


1248  ưϣ
лѸٵĹȥ
Ѫħҵĵصλһ׵λãƽʲôӦ
ڳ޼
ӦһѪħʵ˫ĿһѪɫĹ
أ
ǵ㱻һǳӣҲһ׶ɣңǳӳֳ֮л˶һ
Ѫħʸ
ֻ߲Ƶʬ壬ѾûκεƤ⣬ȫǹ壬ЩλƲȫˣ߹嶼ħ޵Ĺ塣
Ĺ壬ǽѪħʵѪȥƻһ޶ֻǸСһЩҲһ׵ĳȣŤźǰצ֫Ѿѣʧȥһ֣߹ҲʧȥһЩͨ廹һ㵭ɫҺ帲ţɢܵζ
ѪħĹ塣
ʿ֪߹βаèͰħ壬һǾβè壬һǰħǻʵĹ壬ǰϹʱԴ˱ûлȥ
ˣֻû뵽ȻΪ󷨵ڡ
ƿҪ綾ˡл
һޱȥ
лСβָٴɢɫĹΣѪħʵȥ
ࣣ
һָǽɫαѸٵӡ
ܿ죬Ѫħʹľ綾㱻ˡ
߹ҲΣ
ʱٿ߹壬ͨ徧Ө͸Ǳ綾֮ʴ꣬ٽ֮Ȼɢŵı⣬ͬһ㡣
аȷѾ׶Σʱ䣬ûг׽߹ʴл˵ϣ۸ôã
޼ָѪħ֫ǿ
лע⵽澹ȻһǳƵĺ׻һ档
а֮Ѫħʵ
ûӦǱа֮ģߣ֮;綾ɱġ޼˵ǾͳаɱڣֻҪа֮ǵȡߣȻұɽ󣬿浽ǵʲô
Ѫħҧгݵĵնа֮
վһԾĹ
лҲ뿴а֮кζ֮
𡫡
ɱΪѪħʣ˻ӽڻХ͸ŻϣȫѪɫӿ۵һ˫Ⱥ۾ڡ
ǿƺ̼а֮Ҳһ˿˿š
ݣ
ѪɫѪħʵ۾ڱȥ
֮ǿлҲǰ޲ѣɱ䣬Ѫħʵսȷ൱Ķ࣬Ѿ˶սʼͻƵıԵ
䣡
Ѫɫа֮
һŴ۵Ĺ⻪Ѫɫ֮ȥѪħʵ۾Ȼŷá
лһץסѪħʵĲӣһ
Ƿͷɳȥɽڣһ׵ĶڣŵѪħֱ졣
а֮ȻзãѹҪɱа˵ѵ顣޼ĵ
Ѫħʵ޷俪Ȼʲôˡ
޼ʩչй
ϵطɽڴһĿа֮ȴʼûбƽ⡣
Ҳ׷̽Լ޽⡣
ȫȥ
˲ɵóаӵĵطȻͨĶҲҪа֮
лǳǰ
ϸ۲죬ҶԼľʼ̽а֮ĸ⵽ʲô˹졣
Һ̬ͺһһ㣬ĥȥ
СʱлѾŽҺ̬а֮һƤëȻϡ٣ȴлһӱ㿴а֮ĸ
˵ûаӦǵħ絮ģŲ֪ιתƵȥġл˵
޼оло϶ʲôʵа֮Ǻ͵ħйأ
ӦԵħıԴΪɵġл˵
ʲô
˶Ծĵɴ۾
лģȷǵħıԴΪɵģ滹һ߷ǳǳ΢籾ԴϲγɵĹа֮
а֮۾ȻЩơ
ͬڣа֮ǵħıԴռıԴǳϡûУڵȴ߱Դͬȵģһǿһܹ߽ϣаĿ¿֪ˡ
аӵħתƵ統Ǹˡ޼
ѪħʵǸʲôϵа֮Ǹ
лȴеаγӦĳ΢ϵǣֻĿǰ֪Ļ̫ˣҲͷ
Ҫа֮еۻԣǲеĻǾ޷ˡл˵
óˡۡ
һ֣δļ˺ѪħʱԾĵɴ۾оŵԡ
˼鰡Ѫħʵ
лȻһЦа֮һţư棬͸ɢ
ǿɱԴص㡣
ܿͿһ˿˿΢а֮ɢڣڱĵħ籾ԴΪģⷬȻʹ۱˸ΪֲͷųԽԽǿĿϢŨ˲ֱڵԪǿȡ
ñ̬ۣǳдٶܹ߰˱ɣ޼Ϊ֮ѡ
лЦˣϿ޻߷Ԫ޵츳ôٶھز֮Ȼþˡ
Ժۼ˿ֲĳ̶ȣٶȻ
лڵеڴԼܹٶֵزˣԺͻƿԾǿľˣһ꼸磬Ǽʮһͻơ
ӣɵŽ
ʣµа֮ԵСࡣ
Ѫħֻ΢ʹһ£а֮㱻ˡ
Σ˴ϲ
ͱµĶ
лַͬħ޹а֮ݻˣǡͷųĿ֮Ҳﵽһ̬ĵزĹ޼߽սʼҪЩԪչĵزˡ
ˣǲǹˣѪħʵ
лЦĹ壬ȻˣĹҲˣҪסβèĹʱҪãǰܹħƣоħƣħƻҪβèĹ壬ֻݴǲҪʱ򣬻֪ͨ㣬ʱá
ѪħʵȻû
ħƵоѾʥеĴʦϵҩʦһطʼо̣·Ůפء
ܹƳôʥǽͻͽĿԽʽʱ򣬺ɨֻʱ⡣
ϣڿˡлЦ
޼΢һͷóһʦȣϵӣʦбָգдʣϱһûãͿʦȶ˷˵ĹΣҲ쳣ǿ
лڴĿš
ѴԼһӵʱ䣬޼ȻӶʦȣָǸǳӡ
ˡ
ʦȶһҵĲһ
ǹ쳣ǿҵֱǳĵλá
ͻͻ
ŵ
һĹδЩڵķΧֳһ˿˿ﵴţҲֹѵ󣬷·ʯͷʯмһ㣬濪ʼһЩƤ𣬷ɢؼ䣬ʧ
л˷׷׷

ЩҲ
ÿһ˸ŨصԽԽǿʢ˻ɣһƵ֮˱͵Ũصܹ˲ġ
ŨصĻ൱ǿԪʹռڵԪ˲Ũﵽһ̬ĵزֻԪʼնķΧڣʮĿռ䣬ȻǱǰ״̬
𣡡
޼Ϻһһ
һǿЩ׷׵档
ŶľЩ棬¶ĵضڱһɫɽڣʹ·ƾնɫ֮
濪ʼѵ
¡¡
رڹ³һ˸ɫεŸֳÿһŶڰһĹţЩɫ֮Ҳ۶ɵģŴԪ۹
󣡡޼
лһ֣ǿڵԪֱ֮࣬󣬾ͻ󷨵ķΧڣνľİʲôˡ
һרԪ󷨡
д󷨴ڣôͿκһط󷨣Ԫ۹Ӷ˵ٶĿǰ󷨾ۼԪŪȣӡʦƳʥڣôʥǵǿٶȾͽȵζʲô
ζʥǵͻͽʽܹڶʱڽĸ˦󣬴ӶưԴ½


1249  ٶһ
ٶҪǿһ˵츳ǱǱ㹻ٶȻǳѸٵģͻ츳Ǳߵˣͬȵʱ䣬ὫģҲһ㣬ԽԽ
ξԪĵطٶȻҪԪһĵطĶˡ
ҪԵɡ
ԪŨĵطǷǳϡٵģ󲿷ֶռţҷյЩС
ʣӵоκһ˶Ԫ쳣ĵطĻôǵٶȻȫ泬Խˣˣһ֮ٿʵĲ࣬ʱͻֳʥҪԽľ
˵ӵо͸лһܹʥǳưԴ½Ļᡣ
Ͱǰȥץ
лοܷ
ǲӡ󷨣˵
òҪ޼ֹ뷨ڵԪ˵ۻ룬˭Ҳ֪ǷûֳЩǷһãҽ飬ǼɾһԪһЩв鿴󷨣ʱ򣬱ȷǷȫݶѾֳˡ
лͷҿҲҪˣԪ˹ķ棬ã̫ϧˡ
ҲЩĶˡ޼Ц
߽սʼҪĶԪʲôزҪ֪޼ڴפĵطҲŷǳۺԪġ
ѪħʺٺЦ˵ۿóһŶ
ȻлóöۣöۣòóȻֲˣʵԪѾõһ̬ĵزͬŨһ㣬һܶЩţȴҲԪ
ϲ
塢϶Ů
ʹʥ֮ǰǸոͻƵģʵﵽս۷弶ģ׼սʼλǻ൱ĵ·Ҫߣܹһпͻء
·ƣʮ۷弶ͻֻʱ⡣
֮󣬱ͬ
Ǿһ޻ҵΧȫĵ̣һÿ޻Ϊǻġл˵
һޱ㻷л
ȣлЦһļȭףֵʱˡ
ȭڵĿ޻˻һ߶һԪ޵Ĳл꣬Ԫ޵츳ǣԪٶС
һ£һ޶ɵˡ
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л΢΢һЦŸʲôɣ
ȫȥκ飬һζĿԪתΪԼĶʵۿɼٶȣٵĳɳš
лΪĵ㣬ҪߣٶҲ൱Ŀ졣
лѾǽ͵ؿһĳ̶ȣֻҪ㹻Ķɴﵽսʼ硣
ھȥֻһ㣬һ㹻һλֿս۷徳ҪĶˡ
лҲ˷һʱ䣬Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ᷢʲôٵԪתΪҲѸٵǻЩĵ;
ٶš
޻ƯŴ״Сվţܣ鿴ΧΣֹ⡣
յѪ޻ڵʮ޵츳оһֺ޵츳飬ܹ鷽Բ׷ΧڵһУлĶͨѷɫȴѾ൱ˣܹǰԤġ
ʱš
ǵȻڼ
޻Ĺ۲죬ջľ·ˣʮ۷弶ľ磬ɾôʮĹ򣬾Ȼֱս۷弶ֿʼ׼սʼλ͵ĳٶ֮޻궼оԼˡ
϶Ҳ൱Ŀ͹ۡ
ҲѾ׼սʼλ磬Ȼһǰһ˵ջķᡣ
֮˾ͱȽˡ
ϾлģɵԪ࣬ǾҪԽҪҲ˳Ծġ
Ѫħʵı仯޻ʶһȻҪսʼˡ
ˡˡˡ
ڵʮʱ⾲׵ĿռͻأĴֵ
Լʮ׵ĵط֮дһ·Ҫٳһռͨһ㡣
춯ϣ𶯵ⷽԲڶڵ
л˵㱻ѹ
Ƿ׷ֹͣ
Ѱҿռ꣬Ҫͨռٳһռͨ޼ɫ
ֿռˣʹʥ棬ȻͰ쵽ˣڲҵķλѵ˽ʹʥտռĳǿߣлɻĵ
޼ҡͷǡǡ෴ط׷տԵķɱˣϾаһ˼ǿߣһ֣׷ǵħģҪɱģɱӦǰʼģǸոսˣ˿ռռУҲһʮʱҵĴģΪҪƳ׷µҪƳڵңҲҪѶսʼǿ߲½гߣǾ˵Ѱ꣬ҿٳռͨʱ䣬Ҫǧ֮ãʱ䣬ʱģֻһ
飡л
΢һͷ޼򣬡ܹ֮ѪӡɻҪģֻһˣǾǡǣϻͨһЩտռǿߵ꣬տռֶΣѰҿռ֮ˣǻǣ
ǴǰȲĻǣʼնһޱصĴڣĳ֣˸еһЩɵ
Ͼһߡ
ʵµתļ󣬿ɱϾʮֲֿҲô׶Ըġ
죬һ죬ȷ꣬ٿռͨгˣҽӡ޼˵
Ȼܿϧ޷ɾ̫ؼǲ˿Ĵ⡣
Ƿ׷׵˿޼һӡлעǿռͨĿ١
˶ս׼
ŽʮлоԼսʼҲһ֮Ҫϡ٣ֻҪٸʱǸаճɹͻƵģֻϧһ˿Ĳ࣬ȴǸˣܲˣء
Ķǡ

ƵѪħԭȥģţԭȴѪħͨǴһѪħһδйɱ֮ٶҲ˵Ŀ죬ʱ㹻ɾսʼͻѪħһѪħʵĵز
ʣβ
ԭѪħʺѪȴֺܵСߣѪǿߣСȴ޲ϼǿĻǣ˺¼⡣
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ʱƣմ㲻ϵس춯ƵԽԽߣʱԽԽȣУ·ǿռͨʱܱٳ
޼ӡȴڻĽС
һۣ͵˵ڶϡ
ӡһ㣬
մҲҵĶҷ˵ĹΣǿռı
ǿٿռˣһСʱͻῪٳСġлƾռܹоͨĴʱ䡣
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һӡŻ᲻Ӱɡ
޼ͻǣпʼƴٶȣֻǹ޼ʶעٶȣȴ֪ǿļٶȣϾҲʲô鷢ġ
ʱһһĹȥ
˵ĺҲôеš
ڣ޼ӡӡľ󽻸лҺǰһЩԪȻһЩصţȻĻǾǰӡҲùġ
лЦǷҪЩĽ֧ţй𣿡
޹أӦǴѹġ޼˵
лͷٵĽĽռܹо󣬶ʥǶԣ˿ھãջѾ㹻лΪ֮ˡ
Щ֮еĿռ괦Ȼѿ
ռͨٳˡ


1250  ٶ
ž꣡
һ춯ش׵ĵطƣгһԼȭͷСĿл˵Ҳ֮Ƕǿռ϶޷ĵطеϢֹ˷֡
ǿռ϶֮һƬС
˶֪ǻڵȴҶ϶ﵽûвǵԱС¡
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˭ܼסлһ΢ʲôͻᱻǸֵģϾ̫ǿˣÿ˶סȴš
ȥԼʮӣǿռ϶ڲŴһ˿˿졣
лһĨ⣬Լ͵ã˫Ķͨ
ȥѪħʵ
ȵ˵лֹ
ȴȻͷȻҪ̽ľٶ
ռͨƺ̣Լ֮˲һе˻ʹⱾɭĵطԵøӵĿֲ
Ѫħʵ˷ܵҪ
飬ԣǿʵģûʲôвϲ򽻵ˡ
ûãǿռ϶ڷɳ
õģûʵģܹӶĴڣֻгʵܶ౶Ķܶã¾
һ֣㿴лˡ
лҪ֣ɱ
黹ôüѿٿռͨĻǣһɿֲ㶸Ȼ
ͨڴġ
л˺á
ȴһӾͱˣһ˿˿ͨôһʵʮ㱻ϵˡ
һĻҲлĿɿڴ
ͨȻרƺҪһõͷлͷܹȻ˵ģΪΨ飬Ҳ˵Ӧа
аָʵ
аָɵ¾߽սʼĹ޼ҪѡˣԲаԸ
лһĹȴϰٵȻռͨһʱ䱻飬ͨ
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һȭ˵Ҫôǿ󣬶Ҫӿռ壬ţһȭǿռ䱬ռ϶
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ĿĶſռͨľͷ﹫޼ȻɱȥֲʵɨһУǻǱȵĽڽڰˡ
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ͬһʱ䣬лڵ͵ıƵҲȫʩչ֮ͬڵ㱬ȥĿܡ
϶һ£Щ֣ȴûгɵģŹվżǿռͨ㱬ȥ
վżһɫǾ϶ʵӳվżⱬվżһȥͻṹɻ֮»ع鵽϶С
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ʧȥһȺëᣬͬһ㣬ԼǴ֧ռٶȻû˿ļ
Ҫ汬վżɱ档
ɱ䣬ͻƣҸƴˣѪħʼһһ£һץסл½
Ǻһһ޾ͱվżųɱ˹ȥ
һ仯˵֮⣬˭Ҳû뵽лȻ˾ٶû뵽Ѫħʡ
డǿģµҪ
ȻҲðճɱȥ
һתˣ
ɲΣǵİȫ塢϶˵ĶʵǶ̫ΣˣռͨҲʱܱġ
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վżļٵȷǿ죬лٶȱȱվżļҪĲһ㡣
ˢ
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л͸еǰһȻ۴һ൱ģռƽ׵ľ޴Ŀռ䣬ܶǷɽڣ·ûгȥĵ·һ㣬Ҳ࿴ؼ㻹ע⵽ˡ
Ŵıס
ж٣˵һۣлɶ϶׵Ӧôﵽˡ
ԭٿռͨĻ޼ɶĽڽڰˣֶ֧ǵǿгصսʼǿ߱ɱʬڷ
ĴսʼЩ׷׷ײ
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Ǳվżĳ߽Ҫ򿪱׵ϣ
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ͿлüĴһѸٵķŴ󣬳ռڣһı׶С
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ͬʱҲѾսʼǿгء
ҪֺɱлѪħʣƾǵ˵侳Σգȫһ㹻ɱһսʼǿߵģǹ޼ܹԸһȭǻǣȻʮȭ
ո׵սͳͳıҪôҪôˣҪôʧȥ˹лĻᡣ
ľ籩ЩδսҲϯ룬Դݻһе̬ıλá
䡭
ڶ
𣡡
ѪħſѪ죬һǴı׼ͨռͨݹȥȥȻȫëˮƽķӳ۾ڵҲѸٵĻ۽УſһѪɫ
Ǿ籩ϯףѪɫ䣬֮ɱĲ
ڶֵĶɱıڱѿ


1251  ٶ
䣡
ױʮ·䣬ıͽļھҲҪǿгصսʼڵı׸ˡ
Щڵսʼǿߣչصսʼǿ߻кܴĲͬǾǲҪָԼҪȥʱԼ壬Ͼı⣬ʧȥǵĿ̫ʱˣȻûήҪ¿ҲһͿģǻָʵҪ鷳ġ

л޼ѪħʵͻϮʽɱЩʵرǿǿǣҪ׶Ҫʱģ͸лǻˡ
ױѣһ޴Ӱֳ︡
лУǾȻһֻħޡ
ޣ
ӴħޣлѪħԼ޼Ĵŵǲ˹
վżѾĿ꣬
лѪħʱ뻹һιĻᡣ
ǵĿ꣬޼ͬʱޣǶȥˣʵֲ̫ˡ
ޣΨһܹͳޡħЫᲢ۵ĳ޵мħޣֱȽ⣬ҪɳѶȼǳ޺͵ħЫһٱѣΪճʵСֻ鼶磬ҪɳҪʮεɱ䣬ܹĳɳ
һ޳֣Ǿζţ
޺ųҪһ磬ǿ֪ġ
ֲ޵еħ֮һȻԶԣǺͳޡħЫսĻֻбɱķݣǳ֮⣬κħޣ޷֮ġ
һ޸Լľ棿
лȼǺޱĶű޴ףո˯۵޷ǿҵһ
𣡡
ѪħҲʲôк£ĽԼˮƽķӳֲѪɫһ״ϸıȥ֮Щײˣɼ֮ǿ
ţ޼񱩵
ЯűɱնһɻһеĽ⣬Լʮ֮ģնޡ
ݣ
лҲޱĴ߶Լ
Ķȴһ֣޶ΪģݣѾļޡ
һǿͻأĳ֣лĤݣѸٵĻ۵еɵ档
䣡
лҲ޸ɱһ
ܹնɱޣܹشĵ伸磬㹻ˡ
ϺһɵֱðԾݣֱ޿Ŀֲ
һͻأĳ֣ͬʵĴڡ
Ӱ̹У谭׷׵ı飬͵ײ޵ϡ
Ҳлһ֮󣬱վżصĽǰ
лȥһĽΣһץסһ֧ռѸĿռͨȥѪħҲץסлͷ·˳ƻع顣
ǴԽռͨһľ룬ǿռͨȻ׷ѵ̫ˡ
ռ䶷أ
ؿռ
лһʩչռ壬Ӳƾռĵطֲռͨٶȱǿиˣлʩչʱ۽Ƴޡ
ѪħʵĹۡ
ʵֲҲָսʼˣ۾Ϲӣǲ㶴ԴŹ޼նͷݵۼһҲһ㣬޵ͷѪŽɭɭĹͷ¶жϲ档
ͬʱ޼ĵڶκɱҲˣɱޡ
ֻϧͿ˹޼ǿռͨˡ
лѪħڱվżǣ£»صڵء
һֶعƽ
˶ȻĿлѪħʣһһޣ˴Ҳڼ˷֮࣬еһ˿¡
ǿռͨǾпܱתƵռ䣬Զ޷ء
ǱױصĵطʣµսǾǵ侳磬ҲܹǸɱģ˵Ǿһľٶ
ڳɹˡ
ʣģɵòлѪħʵԴ͵ı
ѪħʻζһͷôһĥԷ·˸Եɱ䣬˵ĸоûеֵСĸԣ˼͵ĸоƺѪħھһɱ䡣
ҰôΣգҪǳ⡭ǿеļŷŭ˵ңʥô죿
лӵ뻳УЦһΣȻսʼϵǿߣѾĴƾ蹫ϵʵԼǵƻЩսʼǿ߱ȻȥģûκȻԽЩսǺɱġ
忿ĻУȻЩϾܶ˿ţȴ뿪ĻŵһĻ㽫ܿأݺݵлһѣȥ֮󣬿Ҹ߱ӣʰ㡣
л磬϶л̾һֹһǣ϶οҪǴŶ
ҲҪ󹦣Ժ£ҾԲֵġ϶зһǿĵ
лЦЦתѪħʵͨԼϵ֪ͨ壬ǼΧ飡
Լϵôһô
Ѫħʵϵ
ôһٶЩڵսȫжʮȼǿأлҪȫûŸĵġ
ͨϵȷж
б衢ŮΪףһǧʥǸ֣һʮѪħֱܲʼ˽ж
ֻл˲ûжڵȴϢϣܹͨѪħʵԼϵ޼Ϣݻ
ҪгȥҲһʱġ
л˼˵ͨڴһɭֲЦӣǻȥ𣿽ˣͲҪ뿪ˡ
䣡
ǻһ䣬ǾͿ·ˡ
алͺȵ
֪ңͿЩɣҪųȥֻɱҲſԡаɭЦ쳹ռڡ
˶еһ˿Ӻð
ǸоΣ
С£Ҫӡл
аͻȻҷ·ҲԷȥעķˣֻбԼİȫˡ
һ޾ۼһ
Ҫ֣ǿɲУҪһɱаɭЦٶƺл˵ľٶһ
лЦֿǣǾͱѾǳ͵ĵزһԶԸȫ˵Ĵ
аɭɭЦϣȴûлӦ
ܿ죬ͨڱӿһɺѹѹѸٵĳǵڣ֮ǰʹõҹͳͳʧЧ
ãע⣬ڼŻлȵǣ֣ɷ˵ץȥһץסһֻϸ֣һֻ֣ȴʲôûץֻǶߴһľ
ܿл͸еһʧء
·𱻴ݵʲôطڴӸ߿׹һ㣬æʩչͱץŵƯڿС
ͬʱлóǼöҹ飬ۼһ뾫߶ҹȫ߶ǿʹҹȱۼһ𣬾ͬһ޴ĹԴΧһ׵ķΧڸյ磬һж
лҲץסˣ϶
ռڣ֮һЩĺӰÿһͬ˵е֮ӡ


1252  аһ
ƯڿУ£۶Ž£֮ӰڵƮţɽҰȫǣ·֮Ŀֲ
лüͷһ壬ɫ
ЩӦöайء
ȻĶţޱȵΪܹӦĳÿһӰȻǻӰĴڡ
ЩӰÿһǺǿҲˣʵ̫̫ˣൽ޷жж٣˵ս¾˼Ҳ֣㹥Ҳһˡ
ٺ١
аɭֲЦ
ϸֱԴлȴδֵʲôطаһսͷ¶βʲô¡
ٺ٣ϲˣô¹ȥˣڿٶȽŰɱˣٺ١аеЦɭֲ˸еҪͼŭң࣬ҪҽֲѣֻҪնɱЩаܹлˣ޷ǾֻͬǰЩǿһˣһȺ˻ᱻҷֶɱ֮ġ
а
лЩöֻͨ¶ֻ˸Ŵ۹â۾ӰаȻΪܣôһڼĴˣֿԴһֶΡ
ֶΣǼĴڱ֮ڵġ
а㣬аƳ֮࣬Ҳ൱ϡˣҲа֮
ǰǿߣлɻĵ
аٶ𣬡ɱҵаܹǰǿǿһ˵ĹˣûұʾܴĻɰٺ١
ɭЦԽԽСֱʧ
л϶㱻յĿռˣ֮аԭЩаʼվԭزģаĳ֣ʧеа·עһ㣬ʹʹųɭֲϢԭƽǰģȴͷ̧𣬿л϶
а¶ľͬݵ۾Ȼֻǿâ˸ӣ޷۾ʲôӵģһжںڵĶ档
磬ǿ鷳ˣ϶ڶа˾֮С
лҲȷеͷۣƾĸӦжϣЩаʵĴڣҲȷǶ಻ʤҪƾʵĻ޷Щаܵġ
ûʲô취ȴûʲô֣϶ıӣдڣ϶ģ϶ıǡ
ռյģҲûа취ģ϶֪ڰο϶϶ĵĵ
л϶ôˣ뵱̻ǰ鷳㶼û޷ǼаѣôôǷˣ
зһĨԹĿл϶Ϊû˸϶ţ϶ֻƾԼС첲֧ţԴдڣ϶ˣҲôˣκ鶼ôΪ϶ȥǡ
л˼¡
ˮĻǱ
ʲôκ鶼ôȥǣѵӶҪȥǣôǣл϶ǺںڵзĳȵĹâͷһԥγ֪϶ԼһЩٶء
磬ܻܲŶ֪ˣ㻹ԥʲô϶ץסл˫֣˫ۣճյ˵
϶֮ͬĥѣٵ棬ли϶ǾǿݣԼıվż֮ط֮϶ǵģ𣬽־壬ڵȸӵڻˡ
ظ϶۵лЦһȥġ
ǳյЩֲڣĦӣ˵ĸо϶ؿĻУ϶һģ϶ȥôˣ̫ˣдΪ϶֧һƬ죬϶ʲôˡ
лϸصͷ
Ů֮鵴˱һɭЦˡ
һаͻȻ˫趯һݳɫˡ
лЩˬȻǾ綾֮˵κˣǿʮսʼãΨãҩָյȥֱӽݻ١
ȴһ߻ɫߡ
а֮
߲µɱﵡ
л϶Ѹٵһܿеɵ˳һն㽫ǻɫ߸նˡ
лŸҶ϶а֮ҲģѪħʵ;βèħǻа֮Ӧòǵа֮аرԼעϵħ籾Դ籾ԴĽϡ
ʶЩаԶвлеˣһȺɱалһɨȥ
һĨɨʮ׵ķΧڡ
ⷶΧڵаͳͳıɱ
žдаǻ۹ɱţдɫ
лʩչƵ磬һ㣬Я϶ȥ˲Ϣǧ׵ľ룬߿գ¡
аͬһ㣬ͷ˷Ļ۹
ռ䶷أ
ؿռ
л֪ЩаʵܲȫǿҲ޷λѣԹв
ؿռγĸԲ˴ţֶлԲ׵ķΧڣ϶ѸٵĲֽаȻصĵ㣬аҪؿռĵӣҪһʱ䡣
ĵشʼ˼νав
϶һԾĴš
ԺвϵظַŹľл֪ӦһռС磬ƾԿռ˽⣬ӦòǺѣƽǣֻаʼչ˼ά
ԼʼѰƽ֮
ռС磬ܹѣԽȥأ
ؿռγһռСأֻؿռҪϵ֧֣ЩĿռСܹȹ̰ˡ
лޱȡ
һЩ˼ʼǾʼε˿ߣȥѰҿܵ
ӣܿ㲶׽һط
˵ĶͨķΧ֮ڣһǧ׵ľ룬ϾѰңǸطһаܼĵطƺΧǸΧл֮ǰħ޹а֮
лʱ뵽֮ǰаᵽһ仰
ǰǿߴ룬Ǳаطɱģа֮ԿǿߵĹ壬оǿߵĹҲп뿪˵صϾ֮ǰħ޹ǵõĸ
뵽л۾
϶ȥǱ߿л
϶Ӧһ񹭣ץűռлߡ
ѾƳؿռĵл϶Ǹȥ
;даǷҵĺ
лȻһЦսʼǿߣʱ侲ֶֹƺʱ伫޵ģЩǿҲλалֱӣֱʱ侲ֹ
һ޴ʱ֣л϶ͷ֮ɢֱﵽʮ׵ķΧڡ
Ǻͳ˷ǳһĻ
л϶ӹĵطеĹ־ֹյеаʱڵģһᱻ޷ͬľһģл϶ܹɵطԾȥ
ǾɵĵǴط


1253  а
л㶶ַؿռٶȽаֹ棬ֹš
ʱл϶ϸ۲
һ޴Ʒӡڣ鲼ݺύľħ޹а֮·ʲôޱȿµĴƵأаرǿ
лۿţжǷаµһı
Ͼ˵صаڶ࣬ƺûбҪ˷һطɣԽ⣬аҲԲҪɱȥܹͬκĲŶԡ
ãлóۡ
Ҫа֮Ҳ򵥡
۷棬߶а֮ڵĵħ籾Դһ籾ԴлʹõĻǡۣҪһö۵ޣܹͷųĿ֮о뿴۵жôǿļֻǷֻǵıֳԪأٶаأˣ·ܹɴ籾Դ͵ħ籾Դĳɾ͡
л߶֮£۵Ѹٵš
Ϳа֮ʼѸٵļųĿϢһֽٶȷٵš
ͷųĿϢѾﵽǷĵزˣһؿռڲСռڣ˲䣬СռڵԪγԽԽأؿʼ۳һεεԪ֮ˮ
ÿһεˮΣǶ˲֪ٵԪһΣһħƵİٷ֮һζţһٵΣ൱һħƣԪŨ̶ȣһٵλСһ
л
Щˡ
ƺһܹԪﵽ̬زܣһֿ˵ٶѸ
Ͼ󷨣ܸʥʮĹܹƾʥ֮ʥء֣ߴϣҲܹǽܰ
лܲܡ
ѵʱ䲻㣬Ȼʥ˶Խǰģܿ콫˦ġ
磬аˡ϶Ĵлĳ˼Ҫռ壬޷ɴȥЩаӰ죬ֻ֪ͨлעڵΡ
лŤͷĹˡ
֮ǰʩչؿռʱЩаҪƣҪСʱʱ䣬ھȻֻ˼ӱˡ
ΧԽԽ࣬аֲ֪ʱȻսаˣǲֻ࣬ʮңȼʮ۷弶ģʮȴв١
άطֹƻлɻĵЩаӦһֱڰģǰûġ
ˡ
ĿռǷյģл۲һǿľλа˶ʮսаģ
пռͨ
лһ˿Ц⣬ӡĿռЩ˼ܹȥĻпռء
һĥԼϼܻᡣ
϶л
϶Ľǰ˸ˮ飬ĵлĿڱڣЩĵơ
֧ۼа֮ڵԴл
ţõġ϶ɵĴ
мһԼмӳǽսҲȴĶӵǿʶ϶߶ܹͬۿٵа֮ڵıԴ
ֻа֮ƺ࣬ҿЩа֮ʱ仹ʱţʶʱҲ޷Ҳǡǡ㹻ıԴͷų㹻ŨԪ
лԼĿռȻؿռ䣬ؿռƬ֮ɱƽ⡣
һӡ
ؿռ
˱㽫Ща뿪ǰʮ۷弶ϵıڵؿռڣʮıڵؿռڣа⡣
лԽռ䣬ؿռڡ
һ֣а㷢ɭЦϾʮ۷弶սģӳɫҲ൱ǿᣬлһȭȥǿռʮ򱶵ѹȡ
֮£Щͳͳı顣
ǵڶֹĻᣬлʱ侲ֹ㷢˳
ʱֽͳͳЩаʵҪƽ⣬ǿҪһЩʱˡ
лһаĽǰ
뿴аʲôӣһֱúɫĶţʲôأ
һץסһֻսаĶһ
㱻лˣҪ񳷵ģֻǶƺаӵģһѳ顣
һõӰ
Ӱ죬ȴʵãƺһģнţͷֻݺܲԱϣֻ۾쳣ɫͬҺţ۶ɵصƮţνа֮
飿лɻĵ
ûм˵е飬Ϊ˵ǵħ絮ͼĲһĵطɭʪŴʬ壬ѪбĵطŻġ
顢ڤơ
߶ȻɵģΪģǵĻ̫⣬ʶ֡
л飬ǻǾⷽģԭ鲻ͬӵľʵ
ǰƺҲ봫˵е鲻ͬΪ˵ͬ߶ģ̶߳ȷǳľˣЩ鲢ˣǵսӵĿֲ
лڶаǰ
ֳ
һľһ޶
ʱʱֱһˣаƴŬڴ
ɾаѵһ˲䣬лͿаȻĲҽУ˲۳һ壬֮ѿɢΡ
ţ
лһû뵽Ȼаڣһͻ
ǺлŤͷаһٶʩչ˲ϢȺа߲
еĶ񶼱ˡ
һ˻
ЩаͳͳķĲҽУѸٵΪȻ飬׵ɢˣɱˡ
а㣡
лɵôϲһϲķ֣аץס㣬նɱˡ
ؿռڣַͬаԱ
Ѹ٣Ҳлϲ߳ؿռڣƾƵںϣٶȴﵽһޱȾ˵ĵزڣεطΧǧ׵ķΧڡ
ֻǳ
ǾмаɱӲǱʱһƬռдаɱлȻع顣
ɱĹ񫣬ȴҲ֣а̫࣬ôȥͬ۵Ҫ
硣϶лع飬㼱ٵĽе
лͷһ𣬵ôˣ
۲ɱԴˡ϶˵
ˣлһ£漴׹Ѿﵽ״̬ˣ㽫˹ȥ顣
ͺͷųԪ֮Ũ̶ȣѾл֮ˣŨﵽһ̬ĵز̲סҪԪ֮µȫڶʱڣ缸µʱͻһΣ֪ǶģϾһսʼǿ֮߳ԺͻƣһȼҪٻʮʱ䣬ȴǼ£ʲô
лǿе֮顣
ʼ顰ۡ
ȷǱˣ޷ˣͷųԪҲﵽ˼ޣռڴﵽ̶֮Ҳͷţռ䣬ͷţƺͷԪĶԪŨҲй
ΪصĻǸ֡
ͺۣ桰ת
ÿһʻͬһʱ򣬻Ӷıݺնһ谭͸һɱɱ֮⣬·ÿһʻһɱ
лϸ
ƾȭ˵κζ൱Ϊֹûв͸ġɲǷҲһĸƫƫͬ϶ıʻȴʼûа
űʻƺл˼ԾҲ͸ȥſΡ
Һ̬һǡ֣ϵԭƺ·ġ֣ҲһӱðҺ̬Ĳ룬Ȼžһ춯ƺ˻ء


1254  ؿռһһ
΢춯лĶȴͬһ㣬ű㴫֨֨ƺһصĹŻƿ
лǰҺ̬֮ҲܹǿһСְˣɰ춯Ȼ·ܵĳִ̼ӿţ·뺣ˣҪһжݻƵء
ǿҵĸолʶ۵ǿᡣ
ϾҺ̬Ƴ֮ѪӡʱƺҲû˵ǿҡ
ȴ̼Ĵﵽز
лĿϬġ֣ڵõҺ̬֮󣬿ʼķɱ䣬۳һ޴ĪŻصŻؿһңԶϹĳʱĹϢ͸һɲӵζ
Ϣӣȴ͸һŨĿζ
Ϣ֮ǰͷŵĿϢŨ񣬵һȴͬǾϢӵĴ⣬ҪһЩ
лĿ͸عϵŻ档
ǺȻһصء
ȻǸռС硣
ν֣ǿռСŻ֮ǰʲôνĶֻƺһɱɱںܾԶǰһλ֪ʲôǿߣµġ
ȻֻһƣɰлҺ̬ŻһɱĿ̶ֲҲлʶˣһ˵Ļлʶǿߵ߽սʼ޼ܣֻܱɱˣֻϧɱ߶һһĻᶼûС
ˣ۵ѵɣлһһñǵõ㹻ıԴһڿؿռڣڶãﵽһ磬߶һɱһɱɱһǿߡתһ룬л־òԣֻãαʾֻҪһ֣һʻɵģбҪһŵַڽУƺö۾ۼһܹĳƵء
кãЩãл޷ȥĿǰֳãȴǷǳĿµġ
ؿռ䣬ɴٶȡ
һɱɺɱһУҪǣܹ߶һɱĿǰֻܸɵ۵ķݣʵ̫ǿɱ߽սʼĹ޼ҲԴһɱġ
лҺ̬ϵ룬Ż򿪣ȴҲŻƺЩá
ЩõǺͨ·һʵĴɱһ󷨣󷨣лڴ忴ԭǵ֮ıϾޣ̫Ĵ䣬ʹְ취Ӵİ취ֻϧ󷨣Եʱ峤׿ԽʵֻƳġ
һʴɱ
лܣ֮аϸһĨõЦݣǲЩа̽һأ
϶л֡
϶ϲסлƣо飬硣
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л߶۸ͳӵĿռ䣬赽棬Щаĳ
ϵسײа۷
ء
̼ǧƵĹ
ȴûбһɱл״ⴥҲ̫΢С˰ɣ㲻ĵļš
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˶ķտռڣһжԵǰĹ죬ˡ
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Ȼһаը֮һĲ֪ıѴлһʱ䣬жʮӣһӱѵа֮ɡ
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ñ̬϶ҲЩţʵһɱֲ̫ˣǿǰ֮а֪а˶ʱģȻһ˲䱻ɱɾ
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ҲУٶȻģ϶ܴǡ϶Ƕлʮ㣬лûа첻顣
лЦ׷ɱʱ˭֪أþһջ񰡣ɲƽ޹ʵõġ
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ҲⱻаΧʱǼһɱ϶֮ǰ
ö۵õ˼ޣǾһöۼа֮ڵıԴԸбö۶ܴﵽ͡лЦ
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ȫ߶֮ٶȻǺܿġ
Լ֮а֮ڵıԴͱл۸˸ɾ⡰ġ۾뱥ͻ൱һξģлֻܼϣаӶһЩ۵ˡ
ǿƳö۶ﵽ״̬лȻöĶˣǵʨԼˣǵٶȽлһЩ˾̡˶ҪѷɫһЩģٶклӣ֮;л࣬лٶģ֮Ҫɱǵħ˼ϣȻҪõһöֵ֧ġ
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лۣ֡
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޷ջлһֵŮҪˣǺ޵㴽Щ
ˣ
лʿҺǰͷ϶ǽεĺ촽ĴӴδй϶һ׾ͳС࣬л˱


1255  ؿռһ
һǣлĵѣ϶
Ĺ䣬˶ͬµһ㣬ǽ۵ݸһĨ˵Цݣų˵л㽫ӵɳ϶ȻǴ˵е֮塣
ν֮壬ǹüǣǷŵ֮壬ׯ֣ӺݻŴҷ緶Ůӣһй˺֮󣬾ͻڴϱֳΪ֮Է˿ɲ󣬿ģΪһ˸޷ȡġ
лòƺϲ
õ֮ĳЩ滹ŷǳ˵ģϾ˳ʶлⷽҲмġ
磬ôҸʲô϶л״˳ȵĿ⿴ţЩڣȴǻϲĺܣ˵
΢ӣ˶ׯ϶Ȼ֮壬뵽ǿܵķ飬лȵĺܰ
ûûʲô϶Ща֮ɡлϽתߣñ϶ȻĲ֪ˣľϾһ߲ģֵ϶ȻȻ󣬻Ѱ
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ǼʱõģҲǴڵõ֮˵ŵһжֻͣһûо񹭵Ժδʷλǿʩչ񹭡
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϶ָһɣ𶯣һγɣһߣȥֱа֮
أ
ʧȥ˱Դ֧֣а֮㱻ɻ顣
а֮Ǳıͬˮһӹһ͸ģŵķӡ
͸Ƿӡܹӡ棬߰˾ߵĹ壬ǲƲȫĹ壬Ө͸ģʾЩ˵ΪǳľˣҲйḶ́屣õġ
ӡȻǵЩǿ֮ʩչӡеұջδ취еġ
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򿪷ӡӡӦǰЩǿұյĿռȱڣطˡл˵
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ֻóվżǷǽȴȻվżҲҵҡҷ·ĳص̼һ㡣
ͬʱлͿӡ棬һ߹ֳһĨӲӵĹâ϶񹭣վżš
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϶԰Ϊʲô񹭷ӦΪ룬񹭴̼ıվżƺЩϵվżʲôϵ
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ΪлҲʮȷָǷӡڹץյĶû´ĻǿǱ񹭵顣
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ڵ֪γɵԭ֮󣬶Լ֪һЩţ̫ʲôȷˣúء
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ÿֶлһ֡ؿռӺһƽ˵ط֮


1256  ؿռһ
ؿռӺһ
ƾѾصݣǿռľ裬лҲؿռѣѾڿռ棬ڵŵǿУǷǳǿİɡ
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˵ġ϶
ȻлȻ
вĵط޷֡
ſʼоǿµؿռӺһ֮λǿҲĺ˽ģԿռûʲô˽⣬Աֻǧȴ־ռ壬ؿռӣؿռӺһŷǳĽͣлԣ
ǰռ壬ҲֻԼЩд裬̼ڿռ巽Ҳޣһ̽ĵ·ϣڹЩֵݣлͬһţǰһռĿׯ
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߳ȥ򵥡Ȼǵضڴ
лȻվƮ߿ա
ȻؿռӺһ


1257  桾һ
ؿռӺһ΢ףлѾգҲǸпѣ֮ʵж棬뿪ٿռСĳޱȵϵ
лؿռӺһ֮󣬶տռҲȫ˽⣬֮ǰĪķտռ䣬ͷ·һˮһ㣬ǿ֯ģûǰֻҪ룬ȥ
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棬㻹ҳ֣Լˡаŭ˵Ҫǿĳ
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˵ˣл֪
ΪоԺ߽սʼĹ޼ˡ


1259  Ϊսʡһ
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Դʱ˿ͨ伤ʩչлҪþ籩ֻҪǺ纣Һ̬߶˳֮࣬ȻӵɱһеҺ̬εľȥ
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ЦȻΪ֮


1260  Ϊսʡ
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ǰܷģȻ·ɱռ϶Ǹ֮ʥò˼£ǰȥɱǿռ϶ˡл˵
ʴװ֮ʥѪĵһ۾ڲŷһĨ⣬˵µķɱռ϶İ취
лǣʱѾɱǸռ϶ʩչѪӡǿѹ˼һ壬޷սʼ磬ʹǵʹŮûлʮսʼƿռ϶Ȼ˷ɱռ϶İ취֪ǰܷǿռ϶
ȫԵķɱʹܹͨδʮڲΪ˼ĸսģʮ֮󣬾飬͵ħʱǿҲʥ˼ͨͨҲȥͳ͵ħģΪ𡣡
ǰΪ취ȻˡлϲἰȻľ뵽֮ʥʵˣǰ֪Ŵʥ飿

ŴʥɫЩӡ
лĵȴš
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ʮǰʱؽ⿪
лҲЩпѹǰ㸴ӵ飬𰡡
ǰ̫ˣŴѾߴǰµȻΪϹʥµһЩ͵ħͨײűΪģǷףҲȷɱ䣬ӵߴѪֻͰƺлĬ
̾ǲˣѪѾħٵˣ׵Ļٵˡ
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齨ľŴʥԾŴʥǺ
͵ǾŴʥĽ֮ҲǴҵµĴме֪ģΪڰǰʱ򣬿ɲ˼硢硢ħ粢ͬڵģʲôа硢ɷȵȣЩ֮˴սǿа˽磬˼һҲǱԴĸ綼˼Ϊչȥģ綼ȡ˼磬ڰǰ˼֣֮ʱǴ˾Ŵʥ˼ϣĻ֣Һ˻ֻǰմммصİ취ŴʥģŴʥãҲ֪
ǰǰľŴʥǸʲôлʵȻ֪˵һΪڵǿ壬ġ
û֪˵꣬ʵһ̫ԶʱˣʮսʼңҲʮ꣬ǰһλʮսʼ棬ȴھʮǰģиעණõĶһЩǵϣڰǰľŴʥҲֻһ˵˵濴л˵ǰľŴʥһλңԽʮսʼ޵ǿ֣߳ƾһ֮ɨ磬˼۰罫ĸҵֻһ˵Ͼųƻŵʷյжֻһǵϣܹ˻ʵģĿǰΪֹʷƺֻ˵ǸϹʥʣ߽ԲС
л֪ǸңԽʮսʼ˵ΪǰľŴʥҲðŴʥǸ˵ģҲһңԽʮսʼ


1261  䡾һ
ʮսʼԹ˼ǿߵľ磬лһֱΪģ˵ŴʥڰǰҿһλԽʮսʼǿ֮ӿǿҵĳ嶯
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ⳬңӦĴڣȻǸνĳҵĿǰΪֹҲûеõ֤ʵǿ˻ʣϹʥҲδͻƣлǿҵԼƵĸо
ңԽʮսʼ϶Ǵڣ
ŴʥٴȻʥѾݻ٣Ⲣлǿҵ뷨
ҹ˿̣٣Ѫܿ죬ЩأƮȻһֱԼľȻ˵ⳬҵľ磬ƺЩϿɵġĿεϬεȷḻһ۱㿴л˼
лҲûǰ˵İǰоŴʥңԽʮսʼҵֱǣڵģ
ŶΪʲôҵĸоֱҲֺκָƾոоģһʲô飬һĳЩ԰ɣ˵
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1262  䡾
֪䶯ۺ죬ץ֮лȻƽֻͻأıἰ֣Ȼ䶯죬леԼһֱһ˴棬ƺԼȻʼѡоԼҲܲģտƺһ
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1263  䡾
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1264  ֮һ
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ΪΨһܹ֮лѪħʣӿٶȣõ֮֮󣬼̸ȥܹЩ׳
֪֮ľȻһЩսʼħޣлѪħʵע⡣
Ϊħһսʼ̫ϡˣһôսֻблտռ䣬ñľҲ˵ɽսʼ಻ֻһЩսʼħޣ
ȻǲӦǰħĳԱ
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սʼлٶѾﵽԼҪϲĵزɾսʼʵķԾлϲǣʩչɱʱȻҪ߶ܵȫҺ̬ˣʩչҲҪĶʱˣҺ̬ٿصҲ籩Ȼ׵ҲӦ
˵һĿԽлսġ
ƾٶȣлѪħʱ㵽ɽ֮ۡ
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㵽ǹֻ׼սʼħǵǰ
˵ǸӾǣİħ޷ǵġ
׼սʼлǰƱɱҲֻǺͶսʼ⣬Ҫ˵ͨİħǺսʼѪħʿˣûзӦ͸еǰһѪħʵǰצỮֻħǵĺˣ
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лĶͨҲȫչ
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1265  ֮
ʹʥǿľħ壬βаè壬ֻ²ಿڣӦǱΪβèħƵģħȻڣȻʧȥǿߣֻʱ⣬ڽ죬ʣµľѪħˣһֱѪħʶ˵һֿ
ͻأĶôսʼħޣлúܲԾ
ϾһħҪӵսʼǿ൱ѵģԼʮͬħвһġ
սʼħޣżʮͬħޡ
˿˵ʮĴ˵Ѫħ˵
лüëһ۱侫⣬˵ʮ
ͷѪħʵʹʥʹ£ڴˣڴ˵𣬵Ҳ֮еģܹ֮ɽж磬䲻˵֮ܣҲЩرˣ֪ʹʥħУûУΨһĽͣǴ˵ʮ
ѪħʵķлҲЩͬġ
ʮһ˵Žܵϵ˵ħޣЩģմȾԼʥںľѪᷢɱ䣬ÿɱ䣬ȻʮͬʱԲʮ˵
νʮǾ߱ԭĹͬûнţҲûнǣսȴ൱˵ģħбȽĴڡ
ȥлץסѪħʱʩչء
һǧףһ˲Ϣɵ
ֱʱлŸоŨҵ˶ǾϢȻ˹ǿңҪƮȻĸоо൱ѪħѪԵħ޶ˡ
ֻŨҵϢأһЩеϢŵѪζ˺ܲ·ħµر־Ƶأо˼档
лħеռص̬ȣоЩЦɽħǵפأ˼رĵطȻԼصıʾе㻳ɣʮĴڣԴ󣬻ˡ
ϢлѪħʺܿͷһݺύͨÿһͨǿȴһ׵ģ滹һ˿΢еϢǲħеϢ
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ܿǰʹҵ𶯣ƺڿͨϾûлȥɵ
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ðɣǷ壬֪ǣǼȻ֪˭ǽʲô㣿л׳ʵʵ⡣
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еֻͨǽԼĻϣʶһЩǿԣѺԼƽȵĵλлȻһ˿ġ
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1266  ǿơһ
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ѪħʷȣȻعѪħΧ˰ħǣʧȥ׼սʼλϾİħûаֿοսʼѪħʣɱħ壬ֻʱ⡣
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Ȼ֪ˣɱ֮Ȼûоһսս֮£Ѫħʧܹﵽ߰ʮ࣬Ͼĸսʼȡͬھʽھ󲿷սʥµѪħ˵ʵ̫ڿˡ
˾˱˴˶ŵľ档
ǳ褣ӦսʼǿߵϢԽԽȶ֪ǱȶǾҪƴĻսʼǿҲܹߵģ㿪ڶΪ׵һ˺ȵ
ǳ褣ǵлǼǿгصǧǰǿߣϴǼҾͲ㱻лĵ侳磬վûӹȵ侳Ľջǵսʼͻ֮صľ硣
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Σûȥֹ
лҲǳһ
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л棬һսʼϵѪħʮԼʥǰҲ׷׵գ˴˶ţŮ׼սʼλǿߣֶԿһһսʼʮΪ׵ģͷǵһսʼͻƱԵսһսʼǿߣ߾ȻİΧʮһսʼסǰΧǱ˴ƶԾŸΧʮ
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ȫ䶯ࡢħ޶˾
ڳ˭֪ȥ꣬ʹʥлʹʥУҲ޷λˡ
ĹھȻҪһսսʼһսʼǿߡ


1267  ǿơ

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ˣʥǵ˶ΪģϾǵаٷ֮ʮŵ䶼лʮ꣬ʮģлʥ֮Ȼ̲סͷο鷽ˡ
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Ļίдһ˿档
Ͼʥֻ֮ʥ֮һ֪ߵغ񣬾֪ſջ̬ӰǺܲõģǶһӴĴδͶлϵˣ⣬ӰεģһϵŻᱬһǾ޷ĺ
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ԽĴǳԽǿԼţһС

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׷һشɱЧǳֱǿļ֮£ͻлĽǰɣȴû뵽лٶȾȻ쵽˹ĵزɵĻᶼûС
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䣡
ȭͷ˫۽档
ʮ򱶵ѹȱ˫棬ϣǳ褵Ѫɳȥ
ԭлı̬˲ɵģʥǵˣЩܹ˵ǰǿᡣ
лһشǿǳ褣һʥǷǱ̼һѪĶսʼǿߣΪ֮𺳣˷ܵزˡ
򣬴ĺð·˷ܵػȭͷ
Ľ·˱ѹƵֻŵһٶѪħʥǧֵź
սսս
һθ߹һΣһθǹһΣ·Ҫضһ㣬̼лҲսѪ
ս⼱ٵһ̣սһ㣬Яױȵƿ쭶ȫʩչٶȣǳػ֮󣬸ϢлѾٴεǰȭ
ױɱ
ȫӽɵףлܹӳɵǿ൱ֲϹŶױɱͬ˵
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Ǽȭ׼ӳһȭһɵ
һȭƱɱһȭ
ǳҧлٶжʧ󣬸δ뵽ʱ侲ֹȻɵӲɵҲǱһսʼĶһˡ
޷ӳȫҪ
ƫƫлƾٶһ㴭ϢĻᶼûУֻܰᡣ
ֲһȭǿ˫۱ļѵʹٴǰȥԼİȫ
䣡׹ȭͷ֮ϱȥ
ǡ
ѣ
лһȭ֮£ǳ褵˫۹ĳѷ죬վûжѣһȭҲǳѪ࣬ķ˸ʹѵθͬߵķײ౻ƽĶɽ֮ϡ
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𣡡
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֮ϣƵ
ѿ϶Ƿ϶צķɳգͬ˵еľ칬һʱ߿صˮͰϸ׵硣
϶׶졣
䣡
֮Ͼŵ£ûкǱ˵ǳ褣л
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ͷųϢľϤıɣתȭ֮ϣʹüȭ涼ųΪ۵ɫ⻪
ˡ޵Улȭͷ·޴žţͬȭ߸߾𣬶ǸոմӶɽŭǳ褱˹ȥ
ŭǳ褱ˣھʱ䣬Ҳֻ۲˳ɵѣлƱɱҲˡ
϶УԷٶ̫졣
ֻӲƴ
ǳҪѡɱУ˫۹ѣʹѵֻѡ֣Զ۳һ޴Ķơ
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ȭͷδﵽлһȭ汬׵磬ˮͰϸ㣬صĺǶ档
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лȭͷҲ֮ȥ
䣡
֮£ǿռ䶼ˣĿռѷ죬ǳ褸ǺƳŵڵٶȳײǶɽ֮ڡ
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׵ڶɽ֮ϡ
ɽаףԭǧ֮ߵģս֪˭ݻ٣ֻ¸Ϊȹ̵İ׸ߡ
лһȭ֮£ɽѡ
һʱ䣬ĥ̴Сʯ裬׷׵˷ȥӼ׵磬нͨһսʼ󲿷ǿϡ
ء
֮ڣæ֣
Ȼд˵ġ
ǿлǳ֮󣬾ٿȻʧֳٶ뼫ȵ֮С


1268  ǿơ
ԴӰΧž͵һǳ褾ʼеĽ㣬鷽ͷǿߣ˵ΪΪ׵ĶսʼǿߵĴڣʹһٶѪħ岻˿ֻѡţʶУǳ褾ܹ֤ıһ㡣
ʥǷ棬ҲΪǳ褵˵ǿʹǲ˿ǿҲֻܸɵ۵ķݣлȻǳ褱ˡ
Ƕɽ顣
ʯ£ǿǳ褶ˡ
ٿлȻվգ׵ӣ̬·ƬؾƿصģƺƵǧףеǿ߶Ĥݵĳ嶯
лֵָʣµһսʣһսʣսǿߣһ
ĺȣ޾ӡ
ߴսǿ߿ǳ褵Ȼ˿־֮ģ㿴ңҿ㣬ȻûһڽӿڵģҪ˵֡

л״Ц
䡫
ʥǷˡħ޶˴Ц
鷽棬Լл֮ǰ˵Ļϣû뵽ת䣬лȭǳ褲֪٣ǰ޴ķ˴ӡҲ̡
أ
УʯۼɵСɽ̮ʯɿա
һӰ
ǳ褻ͷĳڸ߿գĿϬ絶Ķлϵļⶼڳ鴤ɱĿһɱл
͸սζ
Ȼ
ǰֻǳһˣȴҪ԰ˣսʼһսʼɲǳһܹȵսԿ֮
л
ʥǷٶʡ
Դˣлޱȣ˵ս⣬սѪڵȫ
սлȵ
һ𣬼ֱ죬ǿ߶䶼죬һЩʵԶѪħ󶼱ķڵأⲻı֣Ƶ֣ŵ֡
ǿʢӲѹȵǳ褵Ȱ˸еһϢ
־Եţǲһ˿ǣܹùл
˭ܷһ£䣬ǰȻ뿪лָ˴սǿߣӡ
˵䣬֮Ҳתʶڡ
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лͱ˵ƣǳĻðɣȫ汬ƣȴĬС
ǻɵŸʲôǳ褴ŭ
δԣǻﵽսʼףҶ߽׵սʼԶ˭Ըȥ
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һľһ󶯵ͷ·һɻϢһţЩǿ˵Ȼܹ׽ĵһ˲ļµĸо
ߣ
˻࿴һۣսʼǿѡԣߴսǿ߾ȻԶӴܶȥ
һ£ȫȻ㵡
˭뵽ʥǵǵս֣ȻлӲǸŵûսܡ
ܣܵ𣿡лЦ

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лƾٶȣ˲Ϣﵽ޷׷ĵزɲǼ͸ϳߴսʼǿߣסǵ·ߡ
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ҲҪӵġ
ѡսˣѾܶˣл׷ᣬЩ߳ŭļƣǶսʼǿߴŭл㲻Ҫֵ̫ĻҲδܹǣֻǲܾ˶ѡ
ƾЩûѵث֣л
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лǴ󵨡
ֱӾͳɱȥһߴսʵĵشٶ̫죬һսʼǿ߾ҪȭͷŸո̧л͵ĽǰһصСλ
أ
һսʼҽűлһߵĵɳȥѪ嶼Ҫ׳ıˡ
ǳ褼ٵǰ䱧סΣȥ
һشһսʣ
лҲݰΧȦڡ
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ģΪǺ۸ɣɱ
սʶлĳɱŭˣҲ֪лǴбɱ֮ĵģʶٿܣ׷ױ˵ս
ǳ褴˵һսʼǿҲɱ
֣ɱлǳ褶Ϻȵ
ǰ˴սʶԶ˵ͬ˸ԡĿֲħǹƳ忪ֱ͸ģ԰ķΧڣڵأ޷ܣѹȵˣħ޺
ֲǰ˴սʵǿս
˭ɿ⣿
ʥǵɵٶȽΧлֿܹ
裬𣿡嵣ǵĵ
϶Ҳ۵ĵǡ
ЦԵģΧȦģ㹻İաһ˿ġ
Ͼ˴սʱű֮ıʵ̫ھˡ
·Ƶ˶һǣţҲһڴͿϣлܹΪ漣
лɱˣûо籩Ҫȷ漣ƫƫо籩֣ʶ漣
лվڰΧȦУת˴սʼǿߵݣǷһ˿Ц⣬׼𣿡
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ҿΪпʱлȻһЦ
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лЦ⣬ĿϬƺƻɽ׼׵Һ̬˲仯籩ȥɣ
䣡
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⾫ķ籩һΣʱͳ˻һеļ˴սʶ¶֮ɫǵģ˽Եľ涼·˲Ҫѵļ
ˢǾ籩ɵٿȻŴ󣬽˴սʳС
ӰιǿȻʹþ籩γɺƽصһ㣬ͬؼ
еʥǿߣħǣǣеԼľ־ҵĲһЩ߲òٵĳ˴˵أǵɱǡ
ÿˣÿħ޶ԼУ˴սе˲ͱγɵ˺ˣ飬ѪûзɽĴսҲ⡣
𣡡
лһ籩ӵıŰ
һսʼǿߵ˺ѿ
һսʼǿ˲ͱĨɱˣֻʣǳ褵սʼͻƱԵǿ߻ǿ֧š

лͬһ㣬սʼǿ߷ջȭд˵ǰλá
ȫֿܹܣһȭǰء
սʼǿߣɱ
ǱľҲ࣬ʧлȻĿǳ褣ûг֡
˿̵ǳ褿˵ֶ硣
ش˺ܹھ籩»Ȼˣﻹ
ǳ褡л߹ȥǳ褵ļͷͬһ˵㱾ǧǰԻ͵ģȴأҪʱһչ۷磬ɧȴˣѾˣʱˣֻǶʮꡣ
ȿȡ
ǳ褿ȳѪѵĿԼ岻ȥұչرţҲ˵ġ
㶼ףֻǧǰǸʱڵ㣬Ȼϲʱչˣ֮ʱҲ磬Ȼɱһֻϰ㡣лĵýˡ
ûг֣ת
ǱǳƴѹƵʶеľٿȻ˲䱬ը
˴սʣȫ


1269  ѹһ
һ˴ս˴սǿߣ˵˽ӽսʼʵǿʲôĵƣֻһܹ˼ҿ⣬ЩҪҪǽʤΪΪܣʵ
лݣֵˣ½עص㡣
лƾһ֮ǵע£Ѵ֮ɱ˴սʼǿߣȻǿǣòĥӡǵУлǾһĴڡ
˵
ȴʵ֤пʱ
ֵⷬȷ˵ˣǸо˿־壬ԭ֮ԶţΪǳ褰˴սʼǿΪ׵ˣػǣǵõʱĴϢܹڡ
ǳ褰˴սʱɱǵʿ䵽˼㡣
෴ʥЩѪħƾ죬һĥҡƨɵģ׼սһйǱлִ̼ѪҺڵս
ظһ飬սϣɱ⣬ս£ͶɱлƽȣûϵĴ鷽ǿ߶Уȴ͸ŲΥζ·ݿܵ
Щδﵽսʼǿǣ׷׾ۼ
Ƿ˵ֿ
ЩһսʼǿȴˣǿɲѸٵľۼҲ٣нʮ֮ڡ
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лҲվڸ߿գֱվǵϿգǣĵǻ㷴𣿡
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ĻҲ˵Щһսʼǿߵ
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ǡлû
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Ҳ˵ԼҪɱ²ȥȷʲô
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жٱҲѷֱǾűϢʬжϣӦߵӦûм
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Ѫħʵıɶ˼£ɺ۾㿴֮ǰڵľ޴׵λá
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ϾĹ㷺ӦãӵĶͨעƽģʶѪħʵ˵˾ŷ֡
Ǳۼ
Ȼ飬ǵڡ
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·̧̤ȥ̤Ǳףȴѷ춼ṳ̂ƣڵľ磬ѷ춼û˲ɵúȻ׵ļ̶̳ȡ
ΨлѪħ֪׶ôķѾ
лָһ㣬׻һ׵
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һӡȴǱ˶ޱȵĵ£ǿֻһѣеķӡӴıظסˡ
˵ؾͱȽ⡣
еı׶бչأǱѾǳľԶ̶ֱ֪ȵʲôزлһսʼ̤룬һֱĸо֪εȵı䡣
˺䣬Ҳɽڣ涼ʮ׵ĵزЩɱͨ캮ضҪӲʵ֪ٱء
ı׵ڷţʹüӲ̶ȸӵĿ¡
һӴķӡлȻףǳ褵˶֪ģӦĵưɡ
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лǿɽݻٶ׾ٵģƬ̣һƬѪɫ֮£ɽͱΪƽأǺʮף⺮ĵҲƷˡ
Ӵģռƽ׵ĳӡҲ¶˵УҲǱһӰ


1270  ѹ
ӡ֮Ҳл˾̾ѵģƽ׵ռ֪ҪһģķӡҪεȵһ֪Ľ˵رȻףЩսʼǿǱһȵƻ֮Ѫӡ֮پ
Щ֣ǰķӡһƴĹ̡
ٿǷӡµӰ
ÿӰЩģÿӰǾķӡбģȻͳһһΪӴķӡ
ʲô̫Կ϶ӦħޣǱȽħޣ˶ţȴͨİߵ㣬ǰߵҲһϸС˸ţŵħǴδ˵ġ
ֵħޡл˼һδʲôħ
Ůħ޵Щ⣬ƺǾŴ֮һ
ǶǱ飬׸ˣٵˣܹоǳϢѪħ˵
ġлʥȻﵽصļ壬ӦҲر񣬡ϢӦþǴӡ洫ģţ˵ĳ̶ȣѵǵЩսǣǲȥħͷųϢɣŮʣ֪ʲôħ
ŮѪħʶһۣҡҡͷ
Ҳ
Ǿʹ򿪷ӡһʲôħޣл
Ѫħʵһ˻
Ѫħ׷ս׼ʥǧҲ׷׼ǹӣʵܹܹͷųϢսڵıףάǵħ̫ˣòӡ
ӡʱѾǳԶսʳҲǴȥ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ģ̫Զģӡˣ൱Ҳ׼ս۷弶仯ʱǺõġ
лֻ̽£׳
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͸ԿЩħ޵Ȼİߵ㣬ÿһߵ涼һţ˸ŵĹΡ
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ҲòǱ櫵ĸ״ӵħģЩڤӦñ˼ŶԡŮ˵
ڱڤ£л֪̫ˣϸѯһƶϳһЩʲô
ŮѪħʱϸ˵˱ڤص㣬֪ݣ˴˲䣬ҲóһЩڤȽϸϡ
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ڤҲ˼磬ħħͳ˧ħ޾еǿߣΪս൱壬ȴ̫٣սǱڤǿʶħĶǿߣڤеǿǩԼġ
ϹʥڤҲߡ
⵽ǿ
壬İƿߣԡڤ˵һ㣬շʤڤǱڤûȫ˼磬һС˼ġ
˼һСֵıڤ·ƾʧһ㣬ս˭ҲҲǵټ㲻֮ˣϹʥʱ֮꣬ҲǰڤֹһΣٷǳĹأ巢ΧˣֻɱһС֣ҲûҵǵĲ֮Ů˵ǵжϣǼһռСʱڡ
Ѫħʵ϶ʹʥϣǴڣͱѪħһˡ
ֻһֿܣǵĲ֮Ĳٿ߸֣ҽ䲶׽ڴ˵صģе֤ЩսǲڳıȥŮ˵
л˵ĹУʼոӦǷ
ȴӡ֮ӵˣлľű˴˶ԿζӦԽ
û´ڤӵеܹսǲô򵥡л
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лָΪӴʵıڤ˵ǵ˵ڤԵħ磬ôѪӦǴĵħѪˣҴֻڤͷųϢУȻоһ˿Ϥζ
ϤζʲôζŮȶɻĿл
лˣ˵ĸ֣Ѫ
Χ˺ħˢһ¶ɴ۾ͣǲŵı飬·һЦ
ѪǿǱѪġ
ʷϣγ࣬ȴȥӰ׷ʲô֮󣬱뿪Ѱң޷ǵټ˵ΪԡеģԴ󶼾ۼڵ׵ĻУΨ˼ʱ򣬲Żżͩ棬һЩ˵ġ
ҷΪ˼սʱ򣬶ϵľǵħıڤǾͬһ
ЩڤзѪ
Ŷ˸еǼٵġ
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лˣʦѪɱɷѪģʱḶ́Ҿڳ˵ҶԷѪʶԲʦ٣λӦֻڤʵǿͷųϢӵĿ£ڤϢʹάһҲܹͷԿԭɣõѪʹЩڤȻǵΣͷųϢսǱãսڳ˯Уǿʵֻ˵ǻ뵱ˣ϶뵽֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻʱ仹ܳԶҲɴ˿ǵġ
˯ǿ⣬οܣŮȵĵ
衢ҲȻ
ˣ˯ȥôЩսһѣʵﵽǳֲĵز
лٵƶһû
ɱعˡ
лЦ峤ӦôЩ˿еõһЩɡ
ǰм׼սʼǴսʼģǿ˵ҵѯʣǶǰϹʱĩڵǿߣǰģʱһ˲Ƕսʼѣʱ򣬾ȻѾĽսʣֻǱһɨУӰ׼ս۷弶ģҲ֪ﻹôһЩڤĴڣӦ鷽شĵơ
л˵ҵжϲ٣ЩڤͷųϢǺзѪѪͷųϢʵͱáЩڤЦеĵ˼ħް


1271  ѹ
лĻ˵ĿⶼڱڤϣԼµл뷨
ǲշЩڤлߵһߣ˵
лЦҵı豦˽ҡ
ȻС˵ôˣñЩЩۣ͸һۣûУڤͬ𣿻бڤᱻҵڣ˵ħй⵽Χ˵ģο֪ʥǵ֮󣬿϶Ըǵġ
ڤͬҲͬ⣬ûѡѾˣʥǸ֣һ˺һֻڤǩԼǲͬ⣿ǿɲСлٺЦڤʱ򣬾Ѿ˵ԸǣûбڤǾͲô𣿴Ҫ¶ʥʥ׵Լļ룬Ҳ϶ᱩ¶ģŰİ׻ǵػ޳Ϊҵħ裬˾𽥺ͺ峤ȨҼ룬ҲӦò̫ѣڶʥǣȫԺɨκһʥصǲǶ֣ȻҪϣԱڤеһȻˣǺα⡣
΢һ£Щͬ⣬ǿлѾ㲻ٹֵĸˣĬĬ֧֡
лЦı͵ҶȲˡʱͨ죬Ѿл뱣ִŮ֮սʾ磬л仰ĺ壬
ôˣҽʲôϽ߿ˡ
лЦñ߾
лͱ֮ǵܣ§С٩ǵŮһʱɫޱߡ
ʣķӡлȵ
ѪħʴӦһݹȥ
һѪɫǸıڤķӡ
սʼ׼սʼ۷徳ķӡûʲôֻɵһ㽫ݻˡ
𣡡
ڤһ춯ص޺ȫǱϢӿǴλΪģѸٵӳȥһС
̫ʱδžžž֮£ǱڤϢҲԽԽǿѸٵĳ׼ս۷弶磬ֱһսʼ⻹δֱ
⣬ⲻܣѪħʾе
лҲĿ˸˼ħް
𣡡
ڶзڤɳ֮ǰıƵĵط
սʼ˼Ҫչأֱӱﵽսʼ磬ȹ̣Ӱ죬ͱӦò֮ѪӡӰ죬ơл˵⻰˺ħ޵ĶУͬڶ߱졣
֮ѪӡӰħޣ
Ǳӡǡ
˶ˡ
ڤΧûеĺ;£Ȼ¶һ˿мתҪͷڤķӡ
Ҵ򣡡Ѫħʴŭ˹ȥ
ҲսʼڤӣǴŭ
ٶȵѪħǿޱȣҲ൱ľˡ
ڤȻŤͷѪħʣȻ˺ħ޵ע£̧ǰצֱ˹ȥ
أ
ֻһ£սʼѪħʱ㱻ĵĲҽһɳȥײѪħȺУҷɼʮѪħ
ڤӵĵոսʼʵȣɱĸûκεѶȡ
սʼлףսʼÿһĲǷǳµģԭľǿʵһѣеĻһսʼÿһ磬Ƕǿ֪ͬΪһȽ׵սʼʵǳģԲŻоͻƷǳһ˵
ڤľٶŭ˺Ѫħ塣
ͳͳͷųǿƣѹȹȥ
Ǳڤȴ첻⣬·δоĿлϣһ㶼ҡ
㣿ͣлЦҼȻҽųȻа취Ը㣬ҪҲףҪҲ򵥡
ڤ۱л۾ǻɫģ淺һĨɫĻ棬ò˵ʥ
лЦ
ľȻ̫ͣ˻Ϊʥ޷͸ʵֻһսʼȴҡڤ
ȷ㣬ͺ˿зѪѧ׻δȫں㱾ѪһҡлЦĵ
ણ
Ҫصıڤ鲻Խĵһ˫Ŀɫâл䱸֮ɫοģ
Ϊ뿴Ҿ֪лһĪӡ
ԽˣԽñڤе˲֪ȴ֮ԱܣڴˣΪѪ壬õģҲıġ
ҿʲôвҰɡڤǰڳһɱ̹ǵɫ棬ȼţ˸еǵĺ⣬ʵսʼĶ޷ֿ׷׵ĵˡ
⺮ʥˡлһȽı飬Ӳѱڤ
ƶȻ
˷ٶѪħʡȱҪ
лֹǣǰһڤĺ˼
ͨڱ㴫ױȵ
а
Ȼ߽սʼа飬ʲôȻδȹ̣ȴѾȹսʾǾһ֣ܹսʼġ
ȷҪҶ𣿡лűڤ˫ĿҲ𲽵ͷųûдﵽǳµĵزɶڱڤӵܹоĳлƳһܹѪġ
ڤ¶һ˿־֮ɫֹͣ˶
лһаؼڣܲòҪ֣лҲֻǽڤѡ
Ԥ֮С
ո֮õıڤڻԶδսǣıĥƽǡ
а鴫л߶֮
һӲӵߣȫͬðŽɫڵȼţǽɫӣ֮ǳƣűڤĿ־ԽԽ
ѹڤľٶٴΧ۵ʥΪ֮Ȼ
аĴڣǸܣȻ뵽лƾԼıڤأлҪǽ
ҪҪ̸̸л
ڤĿ˸˼УܿЩڱеͬǣڿˣԣǶҪ˿Ҫ̸
лһͷʾ˿
ۿлѹڤҲͲٵлİȫ׷׵ĺˣһ˶Ŀռ䡣
Ի֤岻ֺܵڤֱ⣬ԥҲĨǣħ޵ص㡣
лĵֻг
ڤЦҳ㣿ӦԼ޷ǩԼˣǴң
㣿ҵҳһٸġлͬЦ
Ҫ֪ǱڤԵħ磬δǵﵽŽսʼǩԼˣ޷ﵽһ磬а취ԼϿԼǱڤԽڤ
лڤѪǵħ֮֮ѡ񣬹ʶصĵֿǩԼֻҪһͨΥԼ䡣
һ漴ڤһŮǲ³ŮлЩģ˵ҳһʮδɾ;ŽսʼģҳһǧϹʥŽսʼƺܹŸոչٰɣлһЩǺڳֵġ
ǱڤѵܳΪŽսʼɣлƲ
ڤȻȻڵѪںһЩѪܹһǧڤֻҪ֮ɾ;Žսʼ


1272  ħ޴
ŷѪıڤͷϢܹסһܹ˳˯ͬħһʵȻлʶڤÿħеٮٮߣöʥŷǳİ֮սǿҲлԱڤ֮ΪԼõͷ
ôһ֧ڤ齨һǧʥǿ֮Լôһǧ˵ǼӶŶеݴӡ
л뷨ġ
ɱڤð仰лʶԼƺԶԶص͹˱ڤĿ³̶ȡ
ǾȻгɾ;ŽսʼǱ
ӦǱڤеɣǽȻܹɾʮսʼˣлЦЦĿ
𣿡ڤȻķʵɾʮսʼӵзѪ֮ǰǱڤҲÿͻᵮһҼûеõѪ֮ǰɾʮսʼҲûʲô̫ҲˣоȷΨгΪʮսʼǱıڤѪעͬУɷѪˣľҵֶǴںѪУᱻǱɵӡڴ˵أҪ֪ǱڤзѪеħħ޽߹ѪѪԳ壬µѪӡһǰҾѾսʼˣ
űڤĻлҪڤĿ࿴ˡ
ڵľ棬ڤûѵıҪϾܽΣڤעʥǩԼѾǰ϶飬ʱԼѯʣȻ֪ࡣ
Ȼ࣬Ǿζűڤ룬ʥǵİɽǾ޴ģɳ壬϶ٶѪħ壬л˼ƮȻһ
Ȼһǰսʼôûѡ֮߳лɲΪڤϲ
ڤεĵҲ룬αǿ߹עţλڵ׵ĵط֮ͬѪӡӰ죬һ뿪£棬ͻܵӰ죬Ϊ֤˼İȫʼռǣֱҵ壬ǣ˵ģ֮ҲǺϵҲõǵѪҲ֪ʲôϵȻͬҵʱ֪ܹԾ÷ڣ赣ģ޹˼ɵںѪ˸ˡ
ἰ֮ˣȻӦǰͳߡ
֪˭лʵ
֪˺أҲǿƺ£֮ͬѪӡӰ죬뿪棬ʵͻڤ˵
лĻ֪˼㣬λڵ׵ǲ˼ΣӲӲ˼飬ڤȷȫɾ;ŽսʼʵǰλɳɾʮսʼʵͱڤУζԾӦǹָͬѪԱ˴˶кôоѡΪֹڤΣ˼磬ʼնڵ¿ռ䡣
˵Ļ˰ɣҪΪҵˣδɾ;ܵңȻгһգһٵԼڤ˵ĻȻЩ˷Уҵͬ壬ҲضﵽŽսʼǵ뷨ҲȻͬҪұڤһΪūۣó֮˰ɡ
⵹һлеͷ۵ˡ
˵ʥҲôЩˣϾ˵һԻʱĿĲ˵Уܹҵľ֮࣬ǽɾʮսʼŽսʼĶȻ
˭֪λأ˵Ŀ죬һԴﵽģлϣӱڤǿսǾҪǻԵģϣսģȻҪշǣҪܵķӳǿս
ȸҸˡл
ڤ˸һĨ⣬Ҳˣ¶֮飬ҪΪˣɲô׵ġ
л㽫
峤صڣΪҵ峤һֱǺܹ£ĿľȡΪǿߣҵĵλ
츳ǱҶƵһ裬ŮҲȷǷǱ飬ԴﵽŽսʼлܾǿܻЩ⣬ΪʮսʼĲλãӦɾʮսʼģһܴﵽ츳̶ȴעɹģлΪ
ɵ֮л֪ƺԽǲ׼ȷģΪĲ֮֮ͬѪӡ⵽ƻѪڵķӡݻ٣ÿһս۷弶ǿ߶ǴʵȻһ֣ѪڻзӡѹƵĸоӡӦòѪӡʶֻǴﵽսʼͻƱԵлܻɣӡﵽʲôľ硣
ϱȽԣ൱ԣٴϵõ֤֮󣬻ؿ裬ŷ֣ѪƺҲôһŹֵķӡ
峤ڤδٷְٳɾʮսʼҲԣδ˲ܴﵽʮսʼҪͨڤԼвɸǩԼлЦ
Ȼлپһܹﵽʮսʼ𣿡
ȻҼһ㣡л
ѹлܹڤзѪǷˡۿл˵
лͷ
Ȼ峤ԸȻҲȥ˼ҵشصġ
ȻлٷԸܵõڤδʮսʼħΪħ裬ȻϲĺܣЦ
˵ȻҲ֤Լаճɾʮսʼ
̬ȣл֣̫͹ˣ츳Ǳǳ£˲ö
˵ĳԽʮǰʱĻԻʱһƺģ
ڤҲоǿţ·ҲеԼƺص͹Ǳ
лע£ͱڤǩԼ
Ҳͼ򵥵Ķˡ
ǰ˵صʥǸһǧˣսģһǧң˵ʥǵĲ־񣬱ڤƾԼ츳ǱһЩԷѡѡȥվȻֻѡ˴ﵽҪ
ҲֻֻڤǩԼ
ʣıڤҲͷ˳ǩµıڤţʥͻ
Ǳعȡ
лҪ֮£Ѫħóʮö֮бڤٶѪħѡǱ˵ʮֻѪħ̷֮ʮֻѪħͳͳ˽
˱ʮֻѪħѪħʵҲˡ
б֪ѪħʾȻһϣɾʮսʼ֮󣬱ϵķϳѪħʵԼѪħһǩԼʮֻѪħҲʥеٮٮǩԼ
ѪħʣлԼѰ˵ʸûϿɵģͿԷǩԼ
һнл
濪ʹʥķգȫ뿪Ѫħ½ʮɽʮףʮΪǵģչˣʹʥвǵħȻڡ
лʹʥϹһˣϹ꣬ҲûѰǱչصĳͫ񻢻ڱչУĴ𰸡
뿪ʹʥһʮѪħתƣǿǴģľٶ
Ϊ˷֣飬лʩչʮؿռӺһһʮѪħ塢һǧڤԼʮһһ֧лǣţշУǲĿռˣ޷ֵġ
Ůţٶȸϻʥǣѡ֡
Ƿֿ֮ĵڰ죬л㵽Ŀĵءطȣ
طȥʥ˼ҵЦƷֵģЦƿ˵ǶԾƳԣԺȵеΪһĿ꣬˵߱´½ÿһططλʥ֮һɽΧһٶĵطɽ֮󣬻طȱѾʥǺĲҰڣΪʥǰܾݵĵط
ҲлڷѪħǿ֮뵽İѪħĵط
һٶħ޴פطȡ


1273  Ҫ鱨һ
طȣ˼壬˵Щ⣬֮Ϊȣ֮Ϊɽ֮ߵĸɽɵɽȻγһ򵥵󷨣˵δγ
ЦἰطȣȷΪʥܾݵ֮ʱʥǷע⵱Уɾʦݣ֮󣬱ػ
˵ȻϺڵʹûطȱһѵܾݵ㣬ԪҲ൱ĳ档
һʮѪħΪˡ
һǧڤҲڴˣıڤ˵ǵʶлһɽڿٳһǳӴĿռ䣬ؿռӺһֹܹǵϢйǵǱ룬ҲѷֱڤĴڡ
лǴ㽫ΪδɽսǰأЦ
лվһɽۣ֮ңԶ۴ǵɽġ
ɽսֻ飬δѻǱġлЦУ˵ؾɽһٶ칬ҲֻвʥصܹĵطǻںƽڣΪֹͻ˳Щеĵط÷ǵҪ󣬻طȾѡˡ
㲻Ǵһ֮ͬʱԿɽ칬ɣЩĵĵ
лЦĵкβɣ
סˣʲôкβɣǿʥذĿллĵ֮󣬳֮⡣
Ĵ㵣ԾӣлЦ峤֪ΪʲôѡΪڤ𣿡
ҾãҵܹѹƱڤЩǵĽӴҲ֪ѡڴڣܹѰ֮мţǵһ֮Ѫӡ⵽ƻ֮ǰһڣһͻͽ׼սʼλֱ׼սʼ۷弶һߵս۷սʼȴһҲ׼ս۷弶㹻ʱ䣬ɾӦҲ൱ϣʮսʼģѡҺͱڤǩԼӦԭİɡ˵˵ļźͱл뿪ʹʥǰݷ棬ϡ
лͷΪ峤ıأ
ءЦҡҡͷ
ǳԱ֮ڣ᲻ͬ⣬лഥʱ䣬ǿˣҺųȡԼȷǺܱذ
峤Լأĸ֣ܼʱ಻߳ɰյĻᣬܹıһеģ㲻ȥȡͿܱ̭л˵
߳ɰգҲζŽĳɵĿԼȥϿлĿ
л峤أҲ˵أΪأΪڤˣܹܵı֤һǧڤǴ鷳ϾǵħѪоѪħ壬ǵСȴҲǾǶδ֪ɽ칬ûӴ֮ǰ£峤ҲѪħ壬طȿԱ֤δʽս֮ǰ˷֡
ԭУⱣ֮ҲáЦ
̫ˣұ˺ԼԸ̫ڼұּ뷨֮ǰǻһصѹҵ뷨ֹΪҵļڵľ棬ҲΪˣҺٲʥǵĴģжľǰлЦоҲ֪ǻۣҲôģԼæĲɿ֮࣬Ҫ˼ȥ飬ſеȨ
лãͻȻЦ
ЦĿģˬʡ
ѡʥǶԵģ˵ģ̵֪֮һ㣬ΪʥǱȻܹóɹ
һ֪ԼëҲ֪ѸȴȨغǧʱ򣬲ʧˣ֪Լëˣоʷƺ
ܹһ㣬ǰ趨İ취ôʥȻ߱˳ɹĿܣ
ǶлĿ࿴
ʵ֪лȨòԣһ䶯죬֣źܴһԸǳΪǿµһˣҲʮ޷̰ۣɵһֽڳտԸȨȻ侲ˣǿһ˱øӣÿµȨջ󷴶ʮ޷ɹһʥǳɹĻҲ˳ɹĻ
ѡûܵĵ
лȻһЦЦж˼ֻܵΪɹŬˡ
˵ɣΪ峤ȻȨʶԶǱܱȵģôһ仰Ƽ򵥣ɲʲô˶ܹġ
һʮѪħ壬еͲ㹻κһʥؿˣǸ߲㶥ȴ̫һǧڤܹһھͳɳֿ̫СܣԱʥǳȡĻʥǷҪˣʥǵİȿɲ̫ãϾʥҲĵڼڣЩλܸߣľľȫѰҲǶʱڽġ˵
Ҫʥǡ³ǡܲʥʥ׵һЩˣ䵽Բ̴ڣװ쵽ڻطһԲ̵Ĵ͵㣬⣬ʱл͵
⵹ǿԡ漴̾һȻѪħͱڤ룬ʥϴ壬ͬʱʥؿսҲвǲܣʮԵľ棬زѣǲҪͬʱϵĺá
أлҲϿɵģĽ飬лУҲȫӡ
Ͼ\ԨʥŮаɹƿ\ԨһЩϣģҰĲҲֻʱ֣\Ԩעģоʼնδ̬ĺңΪ׻Ϊʰ裬Ҵϻľ˾ˣҲϣΪʥǵԼຣʥƵ
ȫƿأǷҪս෽ݱ䣬һôġ
ڽ̸·ƴӻطڷ
鱨ʹʥʱ鱨·һ鱨ǰ
лӹ˵ʲôҪ鱨
а˵ҪɽʥؾȻǰЩӣжˣ޷Ҳоٶˣ̺ĽҲжѩ巽ҲڱѩڣõһϹʱĩھͱӡ֧֡·һ˵ĸҪ鱨
ʹʥ£ܶడлǷݼ鱨ϸ


1274  Ҫ鱨
鱨дģҲ͸¶һЩص˼ǸлһЩ뷨ġ
һݱǹʥصġ
Ҫɽֱ꣬ʥǡǡ֣ĽڳصʥأȻǰԳһǧ˵ľǿɵĶ飬ǧ˵Ľפ⺣ҪĽһ˵ľȫˡ
ǧ˼ˣһ
ɳˣ˵ǾʥǵĽԱȣǲһ֧ǳлж׵սʼ֣ĶħޣԼһŷѪǿߡ
һ֧ʥصǧ˸ȫ
һʤսۣȴ͸¶һǳҪ鱨ǾʥصʵԶǱô򵥡
лܹͨаǢ֪\Ԩ\ԨʥŮǿݵλʵ\Ԩ˽ҲǴﵽ൱̵ĵز\Ԩɳһǧ񣬻ǾеľǿߣȻ֪飬˵ʲô
ʥʵ£˲֪Ŀֲơ
˵ֻǱʮսʼǿߣǼٵģϾʥŮȴ\ԨŮ֮ǿսĵλпֱƹӲܽ\ԨĵƱ¶ȥˣδЭ飬ȻҲ˵֪\ԨʵҲǺġ
鱨мһЩԼĿʥصκξٶҪΪֹֽ׶ηҪĳͻʥǽǳģʶڳطȵʱǳֿǵģ֤ûڼġ
ʥصлĵԺиֵʥصһй̡
ʥǵʥأѾٵˡ
Ϊ뵱ʥزĴڣ˴˼ǶȽأǲµģ˲ܲʥأһ㣬ᱻ޳ʥʸġ
ʥصһУͬŵӰлԺӹ
ӡصءءֻ̫࣬̽˲طѣ󲿷ֵĵطδ֣һЩصĵڣȫǿеģлս飬ǿʥصĵ֮ˣʥصĳǶֻ֪Ϊʮ峤ҪԲű֪ģɴҲ֪ʥصĵӦöһЩġ
ʥرӡ꣬ԼǵжˣַΧ޷ȷ֮֮ѪӡҪƳ֮ǰѾܹЩһԼĳûҾãʥػûǸ֪ǵʱôǿҲûô˵ԼĿ
лȷˣʥܹ񣬾˵Ǻܲ򵥣ǷͻʤѶʥغĳУǿ϶ҪģͨʥصʵΡ
ʥεı֣ҲлңԼѡصΪطȾݵȨߣڣй޹
ڵľ΢һЩһҪǲйһһͿ˶յʧܡ
ݾ̺ĽķӦ
ʥͻȻȻϵģ̺֮Ľֱ𷢶һϮ
Ŀаʥءɽ칬ΪϮĿꡣ
Ľ幥\Ԩ͹λںڵʥء
ǵжҲȡһĳɹаʥص֧ɳ̵ʱʥһֱûʲôųڼ飬ʶ̺ĽĳɹޣʧһЩ
ʥҲµص㱣ڵõʥرݻ֮󣬻˴˷տռ䣬䱣ĸұ͹ʥڣ̺Ľʵ޷ǹвǴģĿǰƣȻܲʵΨнŭйʥǡǺ֣档
ʱ̫͸ȥҲףʶǲ൱ŮפĺܾݵڣҪƣںһζݡ
ҲʹãҪѸٲܾݵ㣬ȻͳһȣΧĽ飬һЩ鷳ˡ
Щл֮С
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лˣצ̼֮Ҫûж⣬ȵģϣлķԴлȻЧͣλͳһΪƿأһֱҪ顣
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1275  Ĵһ
ΪܹѸٷפأצлѪħվϣٶȿЩֹܷ˿лѪħʡ
צȷǺܼȣķٶȿ˵ԼܹﵽļˣĲ˼飬ٶȸפء
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ȴǰצзֳǿ֮һϹʱʹͬھľ棬аצۼһһֱǽצδ鷽淢֣ãҲ൱Ķࡣ
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ҿ²һֵӦֲŶԣϹʴѪĲ˵ճ棬ǽõϹѪĴ裬սҪǰŲĸεģȻûлٻǾͱǵһˣ֣ȫսǳֲ塣צ
ǵĽ̸лֵ֪ǿս֣ɲսʰŴʥȫûʸУΪǶǵһģÿһֻôһʥҪγһС壬ﵽ֮ϵġ
лʦСƨ˵ˣǲǴΪ൱µսǿ嵮ӶƶһδйԻڡ


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ҪԽտռ䣬лԿռ⣬ҲѣϾտռԻδﵽռСĵزʩչŶԿռδرǿֻǽ֮Ҫлðա
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ǿеɽֶ֪ɫ׶ҪùˣΪɽϹŴһĪ󷨣еԵģʲô˴߷Ǹ˵ľսʼǿ߼ģ󷨵൱սʼܹŽսʼģôǾŽսʼ
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ڣһɵĹ̡
Ϊ׵ˣлı仯ŷǳԵĸоɫǰûʲôȫ׵õһɶﵽȻһЩĲࡣ
׾Ǵﵽɾ磬Ǿ൱ھŽսʼ۷徳ǿֻ൱߽ս۷ǿߵɺɫ֮Ȼ˽սʼɾȻһĲࡣ
Ӧ׵ֶ׵Ŀл˼ҲԾ
ܹ״ﵽɾ磿
׵羫
УȻǽӦУһǣлǱףǸӦڵ׵羫ˣɵɫ֮Ȼûаӣл״ƾŶ׵ϵƿأȻ߶Ǳ󷨺ȥ


1278  Դ
Ȼﵽ۷壬лһμױӵ£Ͼ֮ǰľ̫ܹͣӳɵѾǳˣõɫףһͻƣǿֲ
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ԲҪСﵽһ̶ȵʱȫɵѹܹһЩĻ֮ˣɵ֮ģӶ֣ܹһ˸ɱġ
лܵĿǱףԭǷðһУǳл̬ȵģϾ涨ȻҲ൱ãʱ򣬳ȥԼٲ֮أڲͬˣ׵׵羫ǶǼģǶݵİ˵ǶԼҲŷǳջɱ֮ԼΪʥ֮ȻȻɵѹϣǽʲôأ
УлеԼ·ҵһص֮·
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һͷлĺӹ·ץס˳ҵİ취ָоԽԽǿңǿҵ޲ü̲һеĳڡ
ңһֻڰǰﵽҲûܹ֤ʵġ
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ףڵʵԴ߷׵ǿˣǿֻΪոɺɫףԶģһ֮󣬾ͿܳȥҪٶȱǿΨֿܣʵﵽף߽սʼ֮󣬻׽׵羫ſԡ
ʶ󷨱Ƶһ˲䣬л̽ٶȷӵޣڵǧһ˲Ϣﵽ˵ر
رʱȻعĵڣ»عƽ״̬ˡ
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ǵر·Ĳ֪ٵϸС׵ҲԽԽǿѸ͵ľۼһƬһŨ׵֣һӰл˸У˸޷
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κ˶еͨҲԾȵֶΣƫƫлЧ
壡
л붼룬һڶҵĲһɫĹâȻһӲӵĽӣ滹һɫɫѸٵһ档

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һ۱㷢֣¾Ȼðһ󷨣һصսʼǿģƵսΪǵ͸ںһʹĽս۷弶
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ӡӵĿ£
󣬰˴սͨص󷨽γɵĺɱͬľס
ʱл˽ѵľء


1279  Դ
ǰ谭׷ɱϷսʼȫԣҲǰ˴սڣл㱻ˡ
⿰֣
޿ƽ֣ΨǿԿС
˴սǿߵĹٶǷǳģʲôʱ˼ƽİ취һ˲䣬лͳˡ
ȫ͵ı߶׻ǽصķӡٶȿ񱩵ĳɱȥ
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ˣҲܹѹս۷弶ǿߣսʼһĲࡣ
Ҳð˴սʸоˡ
Ҳһ˿⣬ֻʱ̫죬һʱȥ˼е⣬ʶֻһĹǵ˹ȥ
֮ǰױɫǰ漤¶ֲ̫ǰ˴սʻûб̫뷨Ҳû뷨ģϾʱֻսʼǿ߳ضѣĽսʼûʽأҲã׺ɱԿƵҪֱӽǶɱǡ
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ӡܴػûбƵļ󣬲ˣ˷ǳֲķϾӡɽ۳ǿ֣ΪľǱ֤ɽضɽ̫Ҫˡ
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Ѿ׼׵ɽǣһԶͳͳ֡

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ٶ֮£лһսʼʵʩչǾǱ绹Ҫϼ֣գ۵ĹûУ߿ս׵ľ롣
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Ҳһ˲ĹǷӡ˴սʵҵײһ
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شѣرڶУЩʵߣɱսǿ߶һѪɳȥ
˹ֲײ֮£ԾûнǷӡ俪
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лĶͨȫչ֮£ҲһľĿ׵磬ŴӰӦĵֵĵط

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ӵн֮רŷɱġؽ䡱ͺл֮ǰʩչˮ֮ڸŵ棬ʹ޷Ǵط޷ڽеģʶΨ֪л²ſԡ
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Щľǲ׵磬Ҳͨ׵磬׵֮γ׶ǿԵġ
ǺڸǾۼŴ׵羫лелһЩףһɽ־ۼȡΪá
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ҲȥſңԳٶȿ쭵ǧ׵ľ롣
ٵǱУлµ׵羫Ļ۵ϡ
Ҳ֪ǷΪһ߾ĺɫ׵ԵʣЩ׵羫ȻûйЧãȥ󲿷ֱ֮󣬾ȻһתƵ棬Ҳڷű仯
Ϊ֮ʥʥ׵ɵģһ׵羫ҲǾ֮γɵģ߲ûʲôų⣬Ե׵羫֮лͷƺҲڱ仯
ֱ仯΢ȴǺԵת䡣
лܵǣ׵羫ľۼƺٶһߵ
һǷڱ𴦣ûע⡣
Ҫע⣬ٶȷ棡
ٶȣлһսʼܹսʼΪ֮ͷۣһߣͿսʼٶȷ棬ȫ·ģսʱ򣬾㲻ǵ֣Ҳ˱ϣƾٶȣһ˿ʤء
лӦı仯ٿףɵһпһиıʹ￪ʼˣ
뵽֮ǰӵеĸӦһָоܹﵽԵǰ㳬ҵľ磬˵ؾǾ޴
˷֮࣬лҲ侲
ʱ̹עΧϾɽڣǱص㱣ģ涼һ󷨣԰˽ǱһҲԱ֤Ƿء
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һȥǧ׷Χһ޴׵֮
лǰһУ˶дסˡ
·ǧٶ׵ĵطȻд׵羫γɵͬ׵֮ôģ
ǴǱģ棬һֻ׵羫ˣûб俪ͨ
Ƭӵһǿ׵֮ôģ
ǿҵͱԾ֮ϵ׵羫лǰֳӰ˵õ׵壬Ǿͨ׵彫׵׵תƵ˴˵أ
л뵽ԽԽԣΨƿ׵ġ
׵尡
׵֮ӦǿΪûбͺɢģȻǿңȴûʲôãһǾǾһѹ
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뵽õ׵ĳ裬Ҫ˵лһ㼵ûǼٵģϾҲԵģ׵Ҳŷǳ뷨ġ
οΣɽԺվǵˣǳȻǵˣնɱ֮ĸʤ˷ðմڣնɱ뷨ռ൱ԭ
лǿף۶׵֮
ǳڴˣƾ׵лţ˱꣬Ѿעˡ
ڣڻδжǴҪ͵Ϯ
һлΪִ˵ضƽ˽ȭףҲóɵʳָɱ䶼˳׼˲Żؽ׵֮ڡ
׵֮׵羫ڡ
˽룬ӵ۷׵սʼҲȻܵǳµĴ֮ɱƫлӰ죬׼̫ߣȻ˽ӽɾ磬ʶ׵֮Ȼ׾ۼľȴûйãΪףлڣŨ׵羫൱һѸٵĻ档
һ˿ı仯лæ۾б֤Լİȫǹؼ⵽͵Ϯ
ͬʱ׵֮ǽͬһսǿǿʼжˣҲͨ󷨣ǱУ˷սǿжʮ֮ࡣ


1280  ȫһ
˫Ǳ
ɽǿǱ׷ѰлԤ֮Уȴδϣؼ׵֮Ĵڣ׵֮Ϊ׿ӣȴԣʶˣҲʲô궯һͨɱĻᡣ
Ͼһ׽Ļһ˲ĻлӳȫٶȽȻǴɣʱԿԽ׷ɱ˸ȫɱһ
ʶлǣ׵֮г衣
Գõ׵ھѷɫ࣬ȴܹٿ׵ܹ֮ɱġ
лͨĶͨϢ
ҲĴѰҡ
׵֮ǧףݺҲнǧףлȻûҵһӰһ֣ӿٶȣǧ׵׵֮ѸٵѲƾٶȣţǳһϢԼҲٶ֮ġ
Ѱ飬лȷ׵֮ûˡ
貢ڴˡ
ûлв˴ڣҲͷˣٶɿ׵
׵ǣл׵֮Լ׵λóȥǸλ׵֮ĵĵطˣǰ׵ӣһĵ㡣
֮ǰлҲطѰҳ裬δʲô
ٶлͷȫһ㣬Ǹλãת
׵תһУ׵֮תγһ޴С
׵֮Ҫ׵۶ɵģÿһ׵磬ǶǾ֮ر׵羫ҪĶࡣ
أлͷ֣׵֮ھȻһ˿˿ĳְɫ׵ͬһĴ˷εеĵ㣬Ҳ۵״۹ȥ
һ˿˿׵磬л۾Ҫɳˡ
ǺȻף
˵𣬱ɵĺɫײǿ٣һ㣬ȴǺɫ޷ģǾЩɫڼŷǳǿ·֮ϵĿֲ׵磬صϡ
Ũصлӿˡ
ĳ֣лյ˳ҵ⣬ЩɫЯлãΪܹյδԽʮսʼľϡ
İɫ׵׹лΪģΧԼ׵ĵطۼ
ɫ׵̫࣬Ҳʮ˴γһ״ţ׵֮תԽԽֳʮİɫףС
ЩлɵĿ⣬Ǿ޴б棬׵羫ѸٵĻһ棬𵭵İɫΣǺȻ׵羫һ𣬽ɱ䣬Ϊף׵γǷǳѵģЩ׵羫ǿɶǾеľÿһֶܹɾ׵ģھۼΪףǵҲǺ
׳ͣ׵羫Ǿеľ⡣
׵ﵽ൱ĳ̶ȣ˵ڶνǾͳΪ˰ɫףôǰ󲻹ӵʱ䣬ӲǱ׸ȵ׵羫ںϳΪһЩɫס
ЩɫһͣлΧ׵λãİɫںϣһ޴İɫС
Ŀðɫ׵ĳɳ̣лͷҲǸпѡ
˵ص׵羫Ŀö಻ʤˣ̫ˣֻҪһǿƵĴڣܹϵ۰ɫס
ˣ״ﵽɵʣһЩɫ׵ĻǿԽ͸ʥڵϵǿߣǿǵսлԽ룬Խã׵ؾͣЪ
Ҫ֪Щɫ׿ɲͨףǿ˵һ˿ЩõߣԺŷǳİġ
л뵽㴫Լ뷨ס
ױϾԼõлԭٶȷתγ൱İɫף׷׵۹ʹðɫֽƵء
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ˣϹʱҲƿһף׵۷嶼ûﵽ񿴵׵γɰɫܲ𾪡
ˡ޻
лڿ޻꣬ȻǿˣڵʱͺܾԶ֮õʮǿӵдеĺ޼䣬л޻ͬһֵ䣬ûв֪顣
޻㣬л֪϶ַʲô
˵л黹ڼ֮Уûйķϻ
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ڽлȻ˾޴ı仯ֻ˽ⲢǺҲ֪׻ı仯ʵܽ
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ڷı仯лſңں󱳣չ׵羫ķϵŶų۵Ĺâ˿̣ЩԷ֮ʥű˴˼ȻʼڣлеΪĵط֮һ
Ľģл
˿ɻǵҵ˵Ȼɵģ޻˵
лͷȷ˵ֻǺ֮ʥǴ߶ɵģΪ޻ֻ֪ǴţǴģϾʥγɣ޻֪ͺܲȫ棬ҲϾ̫ңԶˡ
ȷȻɵģ֮ʥʥûйϵģ֮˵ȫǷ֮ʥʥ߶Ҳеİڣɾ֪ʷϵγɣ׵ĳһĹϵ޻꽫Լ֪ϸ˵׵ĳҪǳĿ̣ҪﵽҪļſԣ͵һǣȥǿǣ㲻սЩս۹У׵ı仯мĳЩȥǿ߲սδۼɵ׵۳
ҪĻ׵壬׵񽣵֮Ʒл˵
޻ȷˣ
ĿԣлԾĵ
ᣬγɵ׵ΪԼ׵壬һǾǼƷսʼ޻˵
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޻˵ˣ϶ӡ׵ڣһõ׵壬䶷
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ʱʶʲôгµˣ׵廹׵񽣣׵𶷼ˡ
һֱлףΪɶҲʮ˼Ҳ֮Զˡ
ʼնǳɹвɻȱһ֣
ʵҲöôϡ档޻˵ﵽ߽սʼϵľ磬־ᶨţһսȥͻΪս־һսϣʶ޷ȥսȻû˼룬ûйͬһ㣬ɵ׵֮󣬾ͻĳλϵ޵ǿߵǿΪĶ
л˼Ȼ׹
ͬסˮγһȻɵİڡ
ڱ֣͸¶ҵİ
ǰ׵γģ˵ϹʱԶʱγɵģϾ˻Դļ⣬Ҳֻ޸ΣԻָϣЩ׵羫׵ɣǵĳЩս⣬˵ﵽ۷ʱ̡޻˵
лһ˿Ц⣬ǰ׵ɵģָ۷壬ʲôı仯


1281  ȫ
лٶȰӹɵģ˵лܹٸ߼սǿߣܹĸԭ
սʼ磬ÿһ׵ǲ඼֮ġ
ҪԽսǰ׵ʱ򣬻еϣһﵽĽսʼԽս˵жûֹΣɲԽսԼԸ߽սʾǱذܾ棬ٶȱǱ֤ĸ
Ψ첻ƣ
ʶ֪ɽ۷壬лȻ˷ܣҲڴ
ҵõĴмʾǿ˵ٶȴﵽ׵粢ĵز޻˵
л۱⡣
׵ٶ൱
ʲôȻܶ˵ٶȶޱȣڱ˴˽̸ʱ˵ٶȱ׵绹켸֣ʵǶǿŵݰˡ
׵εٶȣǾ֮ϣ԰ףߵĵز֮˲Ϣٶȣû֪׶죬ΪѾ쵽һ޷ĵزӵͫӵٶȵˣҲ޷жϳ
ܹﵽ׵һٶȣǿ˲Ϣףʮ׵ľ룬´½ҲֻǼ̵ʱڱɡ
Ҫﵽ׵ٶȣҲôװлΪɴﵽٶȣòʵ
ѣҵõĴм䣬ҲʮĳһµһЩƬζѣ˵Ҫﵽ׵ٶǿԵģ񾳽緽ҪҲǸ߲ʵĸ߶ˣλ޾ǰ˽ս۷壬۸߲ʣҲ֪ʮսʼǿһ磬ҵľ硣޻˵
лͷ̺֮Ϊ߶ﵽ׵ٶȣеܣˣһ仯ǿҵľ䲻䣬ٶһܹԵת䰡ЩڴˣҵٶȻأ
һһޣ˵
Ͼ׵ɶġ
˭Ҳ˵ռʲô׵ĳȫ׵пܡ
裿
뵽õ׵壬õ׵񽣣ӵ𶷼ĳǿߣлбɱ⡣

һлųһԳһݼʳ׵ĨȥӰԼ
䶯֣õĴУлûǰļʣЩкܶʱ򣬶õ߱ĳϵбǱΪǿߵ˻ʣҲδʮսʼõĴ֮ˣҲܵӰ죬ԿԽʮսʼлԴ֪ҵľڣãûȤе㵣ģԼǧҪõźá
Ψˣſܿʮսʼ硣
෴ģ׵ȴͬԵģҪõģǵ֪׵񽣣׵綷Ĵڣջٴ˼֮ġ
׵壬һζˣٶȳؾսȫ½ܵʱˡл뵽ľͬûͳǧˣùֻһɣԵٴγлеǽԼһǳǿĽС
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룬ڴ˹ؼʱ̣ʯ۾ȻͶ̣̽פɽҶҴֲΪʵȽפɽıڡſռڶ
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ô˵ɽҪȥͱ˺ɽҶҽ֮ȷɽ˴ſռ߳ĻǾֻԵĴˡл˵
ˣ̵Ҳ޼ɵжǸĴܹ߳ܣʯ۱֪ĸ࣬ɽ⿴ģ̵ˣֻǵУûмħѪģһжԶʯ۶⣬ɽʵֱؼʱ̣ٳ»˵л޷뿪ſռ䣬лٵʥǶԣҲûаô
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л΢һͷɵӶնЩŵ


1285  šһ
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սˣʮϱ֪ħȻеˡ
лȻҲ뵽ˣֻԼʵȻħսǾͳûնɱɣ


1286  š
ŭĵħȫȼźɫĻ棬ǱӴٴ׳˲ﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȣһ˫˸׹⣬ͷǱֱ´ģһβҲҡڡ
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񵶱صײһ

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л̾һٸһʱ䣬Ҳնɱսʮ˵ļ̫ߣսʼѪħָոͻƵģʵ̫ǿֻʱ»ɱս
أ
һţлص̤ڰսǰء
ˣһţ̤عǣħİսȴֻǱ̤ؿڳһѪӡδ̤ϣˣսǱ̤Ѫɳȥײʮսʼǿߡ
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л˶ˣսʼ


1287  š
ۿոͻƽսʼѪħʵʵǰʵлʣûһİջʤսʼѾǰһ󲽵ıڤԿеĿܶѡ
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ǲ֮潻һΣлǺܲġ
յĶ޷ģһ£ҲӰԼľʶлʮɱû

սʼǿ߶ԿһУҪսʼǿ̶ֳȣǷĲɵֿ
ƶϺĽ֣ǲһĽϾս̬ٳӣȵȾйصġ
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1288  šġ
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лɨ֮һۣ˿̰սڵǲһǧ˽Χ㣬ʮսʼǿ߷ʮߡ
ұڿʲô˵лת̤ڲ


1289  ʱ塾һ
ȥаףֻǱͨһЩˣûʲôĵطڲĻȴ൱Ĳͬ
л̤һ˲䣬еˮϴ
Խһռ䡣
ԭǰƣ·ϵƲУУǰľȻһ䣬лĿռСȻͬȻ֮Уģ¿أޱ޼ʣܴﵽĵطһƬޡ
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·һûκĿݼ硣
һжԵǰİš
лûлңȶŰսĻҲˣɽҲֻ˷룬Ҵδ뿪˵ɽڡ
бǣƽɽưԴ½֮ա
⿴ƿ֮ʵһĺڡ
ʣɽ浱ĿʲôɽĿʲôȻΪưԴ½õġ
ˣڵİȻǳ档
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˫۾չЩ׺Ľ룬塣


1290  ʱ塾
ף壬лȫתʥѪ⾭ÿһλ𵭵Ľɫâͬһ㣬ʱĴ壬бԼʲô̶ȵķԴﵽЧϾǲзĻ»ᱻɫ׺ͺɫɱġ
һļٷ
㿪ʼлڲϵܡ
һطһκͬõһ㣬ͶȣΪ򵥵ĴҲЧġ
лҲͬɫ׺ͺɫ绷š
;վա
Ļ׺ԽԽ࣬ϵؽл壬ҲвֲϵǴ֮Ĳ֡
˼򵥵Ĵ̣лڴĹУҲǶḶ́Ϊɫ׺ͺɫ綼ЯǳǳԪģҴ˵صԪҲ˹ĳ棬ڽл֮󣬾ͱ뿪뵤λתΪĶʹлĶһֲٶš
ѾﵽһսʼͻƱԵͻƿ˵һ֮ң
սʼÿһ׵ͻƣ൱ѣʶ⿴ƺܽһ֮ңҪͻƿûô򵥣Ѿĺء
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ǽսһĦ˴δʧܣһֱʤÿλʤ¸пȻóȫаıܹڴսҹ֮󣬴ܿЦ죬ɴ˿ɼ˵ĲҲǷǳ޵ģ˱㶼һڻţսĦˣսʤЦ졣
Цߵ·ӱǡʱ壡
˵ЦʱĲȻﵽ˼£ȴĦˣǰκθ֣ǾŽսʼǿߣʱǰҲܹȡƬʱڣһǧĳǿġ
ǲʱĿֲڡ
ʱ壬ЦҲ˴ȥεʱʱĶѰҵҪ˵ҵԼ̳ʱ崫еġ
ԼľֶʧЦ꣬һ岼ͼʱ壬ַлķеƣǰķǽ뵽ɽӷͼдġ
лȻţȻ岼ͼܲ
ģ岼ͼɵģлʵ
ǣϹʥʱһλƿʱ֮ģȻЦ岼ͼ̺ʱ徫ȴΪ㿪ʱĴš
лһͷԣ


1291  ʱ塾
ʱ忴Ƽ򵥣ʱ䣬νʱǹȥڡδʱ壬ŻףνĹȥǼ򵥵Ĺȥ˷ϻ֣ͯνڣǾֹʱ
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ȥĲ֮ʣⷱǱ鲼ҹ֮ϣ㸡һŲϵݣ¶һ˿ȵĶл
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е˼ͽĲӵʥ൱Ŀռ壬Ȼʱ̵⣬ȻţһΣɹļоų֮ˡϵ¶һĨ˷֮ɫлĿ͸żһ˿̰
лĲҲٴţʧ
ĶͶȥлԴ˲֪顣
ֻǸոʱˣٷģױ˷ģҲ޺ôġ
лʱ壬ͷ㻺ĸһʱ֣ʱ̶ԣ˸Ρ
ʱҲתţƺʱ
лҲʵĹΡ
ľһǳΪҹշеһǳǳ໥ϵ
еı֡
лоÿһǳ涼һ˿˿ĹϵϢ֪ϹϢǵģ岼ͼĳǿߣƾԼʱ⣬ЩǳʱϹʱھͬڻǰϹʱ
ࣣ
ǹϵϢлƽˮľ·һˮΣˮ
ˮлҲһεĲķǶɵĲҿʼת
еǳлΪģʼתһۼȥ
Щǳ׷׻лΧǧ׷Χ֮лľ͸Եĸоÿһǳ涼ѹŨ޷ݵĹϵϹϢһ΢ľĲ
㲻־޷̫Զģ֮󣬸Ա档
ЩǳȴţȻǳǳ΢ɵȷǴŵģлǣܹԸоЩ·˸ոշƵء
ǳŵлԺһ⡣
Ȼ۾
ЩǳȻΧζţδɢ
ʱ侲ֹģ岼ͼϹǿߣյʱҲʱ侲ֹлϲ
Щǳµʱ壬ϹʱϢԼһ˿ܹУʱ侲ֹߣ˼
лʱ侲ֹ˷ӴʱҲʱ侲ֹĺ壬߿νศɵġ
ͬԭлһӣϣ˲һ룬ȴǶţ޷پʱ侲ֹĳ֣ͬǶű½ӺãԹл߹ȥ
ֻҪʱ侲ֹȥǣƿռӣտʼؿռӣطչΪؿռӣؿռӣһֱڵؿռһġ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ʼʱ侲ֹ塣
ȥ˾ͬͨ˹Žδ̤ǰϹʱһ㣬ĿϹǿģ岼ͼḶ́ۿʱ侲ֹȥһ޶
λģ岼ͼϹǿ߿µİڡ
ԴĻӺīв
л·ҲʱֹˣΨһ⾲ֹռж֮ˡ
Ĳ򣬾ͿЩ鲼ǳ׷һĹߣͬǳڣлͷϷʱ档
ÿһ棬ʱֱḡһǳͼ档
лϹǿһʣľҲһ󲨶ǻѹٿǳ¸λ
һжعлǰӡ
лʱ֣ȻǱ鲼ǳͬУȻʵ
˵ʱҲ˶ӡ
һʱֱʧټ
лҲվ
վ岼ľ֮ʧҹҲطѿ¶ĵ⣬Ʋ֮ϣϼգһΡĹϣҫŽ̻Ի͵ݻϢһߴӰվƶˣһлꡣ
Ȼǲл꣬лȻоǲлŷǳµлжϣ൱սʼ֮ǿ߽սʼĴϹ޼൱Ĳࡣ
Ȼֻ൱սʵлͲôˡ
аǰƾаڵնɱսʼҲ̫ѵģֻԻδȹ̾аԣܻзǳΣԲ򲻵ѣлǲҪаǰġ
ͨزԣɡһƲлֵ
лƶˡ
ĳһжõģܲʵ̻Ի͵ĹƺҲǼٵģҪ˵Ǽٵģеʵ׽͸
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֪лȻ²ɽ棬޷϶
л국ĵҾɽĿɽʦ
棿лȵĵ
ڰ֣ɽֹлҰܣͲԸҰܵлվֱɽ˵νģ
ν
Ѳɽ֪ͨɣ֪ͨĻһУǶ֪ˣǲ֪ͨΪʲôҪѯνģ
лתǾʵʵ˵ӽġ
ӣɽл۱侫⣬ʣʥѾõصļ壬Կռ˽̣ʱҲţӽѵɽҪɱ㲻ɣ
֪ɽѾˣ˽ſռѣֻһС֣·ӣòڱѣŵġлʵ˵
׷ɱ֮Ϊδ룿ɽлɻ
ţ
֪ЩǼ˵ħѪˣ˵֪Ҳ޷Ӵ硣
лˡ
ĵĻǱ¶Լɽˡ
׷ɱҵ̵ˣڶ˵ħѪδģҪôй޷ڣҪôʵл˵
ɽлԣû¶̫Ծӡ

һ쳤̾һ
ĴۣλʦԤɽѣվǵõ֤ɽл˵
лȻĿ
⣬ɽл˵ȫʢʱڣ֪ްպĵ㸶شۣһʦԤɽ֣֮ƽ⣬Ԥ⵽Ǳħ֣֮ؾˣµƽ֮ԼһƲлꡣ
βƽ⣿ָʾл
£׼ɽл΢΢һЦܹζɽ˵Ŀʼ
лԭɽĻµģ棬Ҹô
ɽлҪʵսʼȻҵķԸɽָտɴ
Ҫͻ𣿡лʱ̵Ȼսʼֻһ֮ҪͻƣҲ軨̫ʱġ
빬ԪΪȥɣҪΪ׼Щɽ˵
лӦһת빬ڡ
빬һ˲䣬ɽ¶һĨĪЦ⣬ĿҲӷŵͱϬ


1292  
ɽл꣬лʼձźܴĽģǸоûô򵥣ϾһϼһǵõʦԤԣµһƲл꣬ɽѵĲ֪ʲô֣ɽĸֽſռڶ
ɽеΪʲô
׻壡
ʱ
ʲôأȻҪѵûʲô𣿻ɽɵ飬Ҫõأ
֮ΪˣлʱԼһҪСġ
ǹڣ룬֪⹬ȻʵòģʵĹΪϵĿռãʹȥۼͬþһ㣬ƷɺףߺǽˣһЩϡеĿɰħ޳û
˵صԪ֮ҲлΪ֮һġ
һԪԽǴ⣬ԽãתΪĶҲǴҲҪ̫ʱȥġ
лӴԪȸвͬȻҪ֮ʥʥʱ򣬴ϹʱԪȣȻһ棬ʶԪƲʮֵŨЧȴǳľˣлԣȫɣͻƵҲѡ
ǹ䳡
ɽлľ裬лտʼѽ״̬ϸһ룬ɽл൱սʼʵڲ֪лԽаʱҪֵĻҪ˷ʱ䣬лãɽҪҲԲ׶ΣȻصضȭڵĿ޻۲ɽл꣬ʣ̻Ű
Ϊȫлɵڵӥ궼ˡ
һ԰ȫһΪ
ɲôĪıɱ
뵽аҲڹؼʱ̣򲻵ѣܻǰлҪа黻ػˡ
˷лΪȡͻƣֵǵľǷſģĴޱȵԪ
һʱ䣬лͬһ޴ڵԪһĹлڣתĵڲڵԼӴתΪ
ԪʮɵܹתɵĶȻΪ֮ܲˣڣʮɵתΪ
лĶ˲䱩
;Ƕսʼֻһ֮ⷬлʼһߵľ뷢ҵĳ
Ҫ̡
طл뿪Ȼµʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬ѪħѾǧפطȣʹûطȸӵķԴһٶѪħ壬ǧ壬һǧڤڣʹûطȵսٵ
ڼ˲Σű赽Ȼʥѡĸָϵڱչصıˡ
ǵ֮󣬼̱طȵڣչء
⻹ĴսʼǿأѪħսʼħޣطȵս˵ǵõˡ
ۿЩǱԶԼħǣʵԼǿŮҲģʽһγڵĿޱչء
طһж볣̬
ʱ˿̣ѪħڻطȿڣңɽķڵȴлĹ
ôûŮˣҪȥɡѪħ˵
ҡҡͷɡ
Ϊʲô˿鷳ˣȻҪɱһҶ֣ҲڻѪħʵ
ҵӦû̫ΣգµĻɽ˿϶ϳˣҶˣûֻһֿܣܰȫǶ԰ް취ŵĵ
žԽԽḻǶлΣ轥Ѿ˴ķ緶侲жҲʮ߰˵ĳ̶ˡ
Ѫħʼ˵Ҳ˽ǰȥڵ֪ˣʥڣлǰλŮ˵Ȩģ˶Ҫ˺ġ
ǽ̸У峤˳ķ˹
峤˷ܣ
ĵڤȫչڵķѪѪ˴˲ϵȻǷ֣ڻط·ǧ׵ĵطһ߷ʬ壬ݱڤĸ֪Ӧʮǰһֻʮսʼʧܵķ󼶱ķʬ壬ȻȥΪ˵ԡ츳ԾɱһЩ˾Ѫ
⡭ԲҲ¶֮ɫ
ʦ˳ѪģȻǴķѪɶҲŷǳİ
ǵõܹʮսʼķľѪؿɱ䣬ܽѪɱΪѪ߹ķѪǶԱ˵ͽŷǷˡ
輴̷ء
űıӰѪħʲлἰԵһλʦԤʱа䶯һ֣ڶġľǱ
ַʬ壬ζűˣ
طڿʼһǱµ̽ж
ɽڣлҲ˹ؼʱ̡
õޱȴԪлһֻ˲ʮʱ䣬Ǿսʼһ߲㱻Ĩȥˡ
ȫĶͻƵ٣ҵӿ
ڵԪĸӵ
лȫë׶·ſ̰ͣЩԪԴԴϵעлĵڣתתΪ
ǿĶϵصõǿԽԽ졣
ڷ·һھҵķ
ž
УͻȻл崫һ죬һȻǣȫĶҲ֮

ͻơ
ڿһսʼµʱڣлӲͻƣʽսʼľ硣
ñ֪лֻµʱ䣬ͻһսʼ磬ǻ䶯ģսʼ磬ÿһͻƶ쳣ѡ
սʼ磬лԤ֮У⡣
һ磬лҲоǿǲٿصҺ̬õ൱ࡣ
ûֹͣǼ졣
ʱ䣬ȹĿܣŽ㰵ѯʿ޻꣬ɽл顣
õĴ𰸾Ȼɽл꾹Ȼδ̤빬벽һֱ棬֪æЩʲô
лҲ֣ӹ˳
ԶԶľͿ⹬ڵԶ˶棬һƣɽлæµš
νƶˣʵǻֳģʵǲƶˡ
ɽл겻ϵһл״Ŀƣ俴ȴҲܹжϵĳƺһ󷨡
ʩչʮ֮ɽĲлЩ

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лԶˡ
֮лŷ֣ƺһ󷨣ʥǵԲصЩƣȴֲͬ
档лĵ
ɽллĵͷܹô̵ʱͻƣ츳Ǳȷǳľˡ
佱ˡлǫĵ
佱ܵõ佱ˣɽԴӽ㻹ǵһɽлЦǺǵĵ漴תƻ⣬һָ󣬡չصʱʱһȱ󡣡
лҪͨ󵽴һطȥ
ɽлͷˣֻһƲл꣬ޣǴڴͳȥǴ͵ǳԶĵطԽܹһΡ˵˸⣬йϵɽ˻ǳݣ֪ôɣ
֪ҲҪ潻񡣡лĴ
š
ɽл΢һͷһ϶һöĵɢޱϢƣš
ӹƣлƿƲȴ൱ĳأƴСѣȴ൱㣬ͷųһɭĽ˹躮ı䣬лʥУеԳܡ
Ƶһдšһдš

лżǸоֺƱĺ⣬ȴδ˵Ҳ֪˭еơ
ǼмͨȱһὫ㴫͵ȥ壬ȡҷı飬ֻҪȡɽ˾ϣˣɽл˵
л棬ǱڼˣΪ治ھأ
̾һɽлΪҵʱֻǿᵽ飬ԴֻһƲлӻʱΣ߱飬һƲлҲɱˣΨнػһǧ֮󣬽֮ǰƺõĵطҵĲлڴˣȺɽܹδ뵽Ȼʼû˵޷뿪˵ϵ
ԭҲҪġл㵵ĵ
Ȼ츳ǱﵽҪܹ谭ɽأɽлЦ
лкգԼﵽҲͬһ㣬ȥˡ
ˣȥפءɽл˵
л΢һ£ȥ
̤ǲƵ棬ɽлʩչֶΣ߶Уһлʧûټ
뿪ɽл㷢һɭĿЦ


1293  顾һ
ʧظдο˽ӣл¸е˫̤ʵʱ򣬾͸еһɳʪĺܣȻһƬޱ޼ʵĺ򣬲ã󺣣˷վһС档
˵ؿ£ȴûԪ
򱳲ųƽء
֮ǽظԪǳϡûݣߣܵǳƣгɾ͵ġ
Ůƾһ˵⺣򱱷ġ
лվԪϡһ츳ˣδܹսʾģڴ˵̤ġ
վڹµ棬ȴ㡣
壬飬ⶼЩʲôлһδ˵Ǽĸоǿҡ
Ȼһ壬ӻܿɽǰµһųƣأʵҪΪƣǿҪ൱ſʸΪƵġ
бʲôɽлȻ˵õɽˣеǲ⡣
ˡ
лǲʱеļ㻺طųޱϢӳȥ
лǼƺĳá
ųϢޱȵĺ䣬ле䣬֪һֺεȵĺ䡣
Ϣͷţ㽫лڵСµѸٵĽһɫĺ׵ı㣬СӳȥǷĺˮҲʼ˱
лĹš
²⣬ܿǼһַ
ϢлʶԼ֪һ棬û˿⵽ԼЩȤ
ͷųϢӡ
Ǻˮ⽫ףл͸оǰԼǧ׵һڹµ߱ĺ洫
лڿնվڸ߿ա
½Уǰĺ
ֻǺλûѿһ϶ɳˣ⺣ѿķ϶ڣȻӿһɷǳŨԪԪϡγɾ޴ķ
ŨԪûӰˡ
˶һϮ£ͨɢűϢ
ǶǿȥʮӣҲЩƣ˷лĽǰеļ˱һۡ
ʸ´ӺζһȥԴ߿ڵ
лɽƸ󡣡
峤زμʹ
˲μʹ
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Щɽл겢δ֪л˵ʵǼ峤غȻսʼͻƱԵĽսʼʵǼͬսʼʵ
ʵȻԼ㹧ҲлЩ⡣
Ͼɽ汾ȥֻʣ²л꣬Ȼʱ䣬ڼ䲻֪˶ٴȻԾɶɽл˵Ĺле棬ѵû
ǷǰȡرģΪ֤лػӶһ¡
ҵ֪гһգ˴ɽּǰҪȡ߱ġ峤˵ʹǰȥפأ
л΢һͷǰ·
ʵȨ㹧ǰ
ż˵ı֣лƣɽ浽׶Լ˵ζʲôʱ֮󣬾ȻԾ˵ļɵ
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·һ޴ĿռС硣
ʣлռСĸо֪˿ռСӦɽµģǳӴҴ˵صԪҲ쳣ĳ棬ǳĴ
л۲⣬˵ǿ൱´½۹ĵ۶ǰСˣǧ˿ڵġ
˿ƺϡ٣лδˡ
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żɵлҲеһ˿˿⣬ȴǿҡ
Ҳ֣ȴˮл϶˽սǼ峤ϸոտĽսʼǿߣҲδػġ
غҲڹעл
ǷлϢ⣬ҲǰԾȲѡ
˵֮£˱⼫פصһ޽൱ݻС͹档
⹬ıݻлȴע⵽ǽڡ涼һЩţ˸ŵĹΣƺһš
ʹѾҪת˵أҷʹڣһѪ棬ʹȡߡ峤˵
лüëһҪһѪ
ǣԸģΨˣΪʹĶҲΨˣȡ߱顣峤ص
֪ˡлͷš
˱ûȥл˵Ӧ
лȴʴ𣬵һѪڱ棬ôõ飿ɽл굽ʲô
Ų⣬ƿš
һɸϢлʶ鲻ԽĴѾ䵽˹ȥˡ
ˣ
лʿҺ˼壬һ⻤壬Ϣ㱻ų⣬вá
̤롣
غ˿˱˴˿һۣ¶Ȼ֮ɫöҲ޷߽ȥģҲûɡ
ʩչֶΣƺʥĵؼеơ˵˵
صҿҲ񡣡
ôȡñĿԺܴ󰡣ǼķչѵעҪɽ߹޷ǵ𣿡˲ĵĵ
˵лᣬ㡭ɫݵһ֡
˵Ľ̸ûӹлĶ䡣
Ķͨʱ̹עΧΣԼ⣬˵ĶԻ֮󣬷֪ƺɽǿǲҷ
֨֨
л룬عرա
ڵϢҲ֮ء
лȫʢٱ⹬յ磬ǹ棬ǽڣŶת󷨷Ϣġ
ΪʲôҪôһöѣҪ𵽱õҲ⣬ϢȻΪ˱ģûа㹥Ժͷģʲôл²⡣
뵽ҪһѪڱ棬
һֲĸолͷƺʲôʱ˭˵Ƶ顣
۶ǹģһɫ鰸ڷŵһöӣǾǱ飡


1294  顾
ƽķǺɫ鰸棬ȥһöԼȭͷСӣʦеˮ򣬿ԤδƷ
лվںɫͼǰûȥѪ
űӣҺ̬ҲԾö飬ҪǷ
˷飬ͷ֣龹ȻϢ
Ҳ㣬ɫ鰸ϸ鿴ŷ֣Ȼ濴ȥľʵģϸһлŷ֣ǺȻһδĺģֻľͷɢϢɢͳͳıɡ
ϢҪһѪлĵ
ȭڵĿ޻
ѯǰһС
޻Ҳ˵Ȼ
֮£лֻа顣
ؼڵаֹ֮ܿͣͨͨл
үа֪лȲѵ飬Ȼģһ֣Яһ˿
лаѸٵֹͣϹЩж
Դаռ壬лİԽԽˣ˵ûа飬л粽еţûа飬лߵĵز޷䶯졢֣ԶԶ˦
а飬ھˣл
һʱ䣬ȹ߽սʼѾ\Ԩҵһǳʺĵطڴڼ䣬Ļϣﵽ߽ս۷弶ͻҲδûϣġаʵ
лǱá\ԨںףҵʺаⴿԵҲ൱Ĳףⱱʲô֮
аӦһʼ͸л˫ĿǱ顣
лԼ֪˵˳
үⱱȷ⣡аɫޱصĵ
ҼǵƺĳһΣȡļ䣬Ƕȡʱ򣬿ƱΡл˵
аļ䣬ںʥһżмصģǹ귽棬һ˵㹻ǿǰﵽŽսʼ۷壬ʮսʼĻôͨһУܹȡ㹻Ϣ겻ַƱսʣֻսͨ겻𣬶һ겻𡣡
ôһ˵лŻȻ
ҲܾﲻԾϢ
սʣҲʹʥɱսʣЩսڵĵطҲΨܹάһġ
˵صΣǡǡάһ겻
һꡣ
Ѫٺ٣ˣڿĹż˵ҪһѹΨӵʱ壬ӵսѪ֮˵ѪſʱѪҺ֮УǱȥʱ侲ֹһ㣬ڱڵܹѹлɽлµؿ⡣
һѣΪûб壬ֻֿܣһһǶᣡа˵˲ʵ
лĿ䣬ӿһ׺ݵɱ⡣
ɽл껨˼ĿģȻҪ壬ѹֶݲû̫Ĺģ϶Լڵᡣ
һ뵽л͸еವġ
ԼеԾûж֣ѱɱ˰ɣ嶼ռˡ
ɽл˵ȡر飬ɽؽˣڿǾǱڵҵ壬Ȼ켫ǰȥɽˣа飬Ӧһ£嵽жǿߡл˵
аӦһĵĸӦ
Ȼﵽ߽սʼ֪֮ǿԶһġ
ܸӦڱչصĸ֣Ľսʼ߽սʼжʮˣ˽սʼҲУǾŽսʼƺûСа˵
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лɵһüɽҪˣǾŽսʼΪƴĻ
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1297  顾
С߲һңǻ󣬲ʵģԾͷųԽܵϢսʼͻƱԵļ峤ضЩܳܣ֪ǰǺεȵ̶ȣһԳܵġ
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˵жԶǵľʵΣлûʲô̫ıԣһ뷨ȥǣô˵ֻˣǾס֮ãԶԣˣǾ޸֮ƼǸʱ䣬ܻڳĹµĶǿս˷ʱ䣬ֱӹȥǡ
峤سǵʱ򣬾ǵע⣬һصȥ鿴ʥʵȥĻҲСʱѣʵĻȻѾӵǾҹ㣬޷Ҽ忹⣬Ƿ𹥻ĻΧˣҲǿԵġ
ˣֱɱȥ̫ʱµİǸӱġл˾
صȼȻеʣѾֶ֪ΣһʥǱְĻǶԣǶвԿٳֱ򵥵İ취
ر㴫
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ƾлݣܹɵκһԣǶǼջԻǿеġ
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һǴѩѦǿǴӱѩıѩܾ߳սʼǿߡ
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һǴܹѩ忹ĳҲڹϵǿ֮һֻǵĺδʽЭ飬ȻйͬΡ
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ҷЦ㲻ϣ̼ɱ֮ģǴ߳𣿡
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ʱл޷ǽ䣬˿ںϣޱĿܣȻõĵġ
лһ˿ŪսͻƱԵʵҲɱңǿЦڸոտһսʼʱ򣬱ɻɱοȻǶսʼһʵء


1299  ʥ
һǹճˮӿˣĺһںˮ棬ûϨ𣬷Ҫ󺣵ȼһ㣬Ҳڵȼҷű˸ųͬսһ㡣
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ǿײոշյһ󲨶Ҳлˤȥʮ׵ľ롣
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նɱڽڰ˵ļ峤ؼ״ȵ
ʮս֮ԵıңңѦǿ
๥߿һĹ⽣Ȼͬлɽںһ϶һ


1300  ֮ءһ
ʮսʵɢлܹӦˣںһǿɾͲһܹˡ
ʮսǿߣйսʼˣǶǸոͻƲãǼĶսʺһսʵҲԳԽսʵļޣĽսʵˡ
̺ľ޴⽣䣬ѦǿĻᶼûС
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лҲ룬Ծˮ¡
ܹĳѦǿˣԶûбɱĿܣһ뺣ˮͿѪӿУѦǿٶȥ
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ð鶯Ϣڡ
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ˣˮϣûʲô̫ƣһ뺣ˮײƾͻֳѻаյġ
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壬л֪һЩ
ڵħ綼аƣͬһ㣬ֶζޱȲбģ䷽ΪóǱаҲ˿ѷɫġ
ؼ˵Ϲʥʣʣǿ߻֣Χǵ˶Ҫȫûˣˣ֪ǵҲ˽ˣбеĺͳͳıɱǵǲ㻯飬ʬ廯壬ǵڣΪ䣬Ϊ׵еħǿͳͳȥǵѪ㻯Ϊ֮ˮܹܽһзӡ
ЩʱΣлҲǸеȻ
Ǻεȵ׵ĻٵһĨɱϹʥеĽ
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1301  ֮ء
䣬лȻϣа֮ԻģҪ˵Ѿ֪䣬϶˱㣬õġ
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лȻ֮ˮԻ⣬ҾȥȡֹҪȰļ峤ĵ֪Һвڰ̫࣬ʥǱҪٵġ
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1304  ħǴ˵һ
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ӵһֻԪޡ
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Ҳáӻû˵꣬˱Ȼ
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أأ
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עһʹȥһǱĥ
Ϊ̵ˣڵ̷мѪִеģھѰ쵽䱻ĥ˵ܣʹġ
˵ӵ
˵֪ħȫ˵


1305  ħǴ˵
лҲ˶䡣
ħǵܣ˶֪Ǿ߲ˣһ˶֪
ǻ˵֪Ҳֻ࣬ڵļѪ˿е֪ģǣҲֻи߲֪
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Щͨ㹻ӣͺȡʱ͵ħ൱ڴﵽʮսʼӳ䣬ѹԪΪأǽ⵺鵺ĨɱǿߣƷǳ£ʵЩֻǱԻ˵ġ
Ի˵ģ˾е
лҲѿڽг
ɱǧķΧڣûԪΪأȡⱱʢʱڣ֮أ˿µľٶȻǱԻ˵Ϊ
ʵǸʲôģ
ле̬ԣ˻ʥҪʵĿֲȻʥܴвˣôڵĿǡЩˡ
ףΪʲôˡ
Ϊʲô˵Ѫӡһ˼͵ħĿռ϶ˣ鵺൱ԭ
鵺Ŀģ϶Ǳˡ
ǻӵһ仰лòעʥӲԺȻҪǿвģΪҪ
˵Ի˵ģ˳
Ȼţһһ㣬ԵģϹʥʵЩһȫ壬ǹףȻ࣬ϹʥʱЩˣͬǽħȥҪֻǺܰˡ
ʥẠ̊́ǿ϶ѡʥʱ֣̣ȻʥɱȨͬϹһ
ǷɱԪĨɱǿߣֻǱԻ˵ģΪѡͬھİ취ҲҪ汳ģ˼籱⴦ʥءظһ飬˵ĸȷ
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һԵħ˽ԵĴ
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ͬȻ
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ѪǵħֹħһûԵĴڣǶԻΪ׼ģһٵʱ嵱ʱ˿ƵѪħͬھ㴴һְ취ԿƵѪ˵
ħǣ˵ҵħǿԿƵѪ˵
ӵҾͲ̫ˣܹƣ˵ǳ̿ħǵɣ͵Ѫĳϵ

лϣǼٵģǿ̷棬ħǵѰԶԶصѰң˵˼ǶûȤѰأҲҪѰħĿԾų֮࣬ϾҲʮսʼĴڰıջε֮
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˵ǽĺܣûֱ߻ع飬ǲϵػأϵز鿴ΧǷ˸١
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Сʱ֮˲ֹͣȦһɽڡ
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л˼ȥǲ뿪Ĳ˵˼Ψһܹ͵ħľˣħǿƵѪ̣ǷܹҪأǿԵĻǻѡƵѪȥ
ǾǲܿƣǷѰҴʺƿصƵѪĴأ
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Ǹ۵ɽӽȥҪʲô
֮ŷ֣ȻʲôûС
лһƲ죬ɽڴ޻ͷų۲ԼעιֵΡ
ŷԽԽ飬лԼʵǲ̫Զˣ˷һʱ䣬ܵʵֶԴΣ֮رΪʥصĵط
ڲҲлеɵĳǴȥǽһ㣬㹻䶯ġ


1306  ֡һ
Ũصɷ֮תΪϵлϴξҪˣϾûп޻߶Ԫ޻꣬츳ġ
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ٶԱȣȻǷǳѸݵġ
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ˡ
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лûֳͣһ߸֪ȥ鿴µͷ֣ǵ¾ȻһɷǳŨĲһѸٵʹӵĴ⣬Ҳϵӡ
仯леЩơ
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лǵһ˵ϣһԶ϶ñǲͬģֻǱԴˣܹںأɽȷںϡ
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ɱ
ɱȥлȳ
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أأ
ȭ̺ȭͷػһսʼǿߵı档
꣡꣡

ȭͷֱӺǵıصǵ֮ϡ

ȴлȭͷǵǰ棬ȴӲǴǵ࣬Ӻıȥһλսֺɱһ·߰˵֮󣬲
лһɱһսʼתһսʼǿߣҲǸոտսʼˡ
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ȫɱ
ˣɱɱ
ȻҪƵѪͨɱΣ


1307  ֡
лԼĴ㣬Ѿ¶Ǳ̵֪ôΪѪԭǷΧ˵ĻĴ粽ˣ˭֪Ƿиĸ鵺ء
ֵĻᣬǰɱһ
ˢ
ͬһӰǶսʼѸٵ֮УսֳƾٶȣлӲǸϳǵٶȣǹԼ֮ǰӹȥʼղǶսʼһ׵ľ롣
ٶǰսʼǿ߾Щˡ
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лǷһ˿Ц⣬ǾҪԣ˭ǿˡ
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Х񷣡
һȭɱ죬ͬΪһƵء

лȭͷϸ֮ϣżȭ׵ķǷϸҵĶˣɹΡ
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ۼսʼǿ߳ԾлѸٳе͵ϮζսʧأǸһɱĻᣬҲľҪԣܹĸţܹɾ͵ġ
Ǳ಻Զлһ粽㵽˾˲׵ľ룬˫ȭͬʱǰȥ
սʼǿ߼æ˫ȭԿ
һȫһִӦս൱ʵ
꣡꣡

սʼǿߵ˫ֱлӲϣǿ˫۳ֹѣѪ󵹷ɳȥ


1308  ɽ֮ˮһ
սʼ˵ӣл˵ˬ죬˷һֱսʼǿߴѹй
һսʼǿ߿ʼʼղ˳˼ҵĶ֡
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лֹһ£뵽ںϲǽܹʱڱɷ
ȻںϵģǲǿԱںأл°ͣĿⲻƮŵĿ߶ϡ


1309  ɽ֮ˮ
飬þͨģǵǱܵģʶȥΪǸû˼ά
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Щü𲻸ߣлһ£Ūã˵ԼǿɾͲˡ
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ѹһﵽͻƱԵĶûҵȻۼлٷУҲǻ֮ɷͷų
͸ϢɷЩ൱Ƿ׷׵ܣûһлˮǰ
һŨصҲˮڴݳ
лҲеԼҩָҵĲ˾ұ֮аµ仹Ҫ౶ġ
ûʩչҩָֻԼΧγɷŨص壬Ρ


1310  ʮսʼһ
֪ʲôطģҲʲôطˮҲļƽէȥͬͨĺŨȴûʲôı仯ƫƫŨصȴ˲òȴ
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л󷨣


1311  ʮսʼ
ȻṩѪڣѪԳͣôҲǽѪĿˡ
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Ϊ۵ľǰ׸ߵĵѪڵĹ·һЩ壬ΪЩıҲһ˿ɫǵۿеǺɫ֮ڻγɣǵѪľ޴ǰۣܲױӵġ
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⶷ԴսʼĴδʩչһսʼƺҲûôá
˶ųлյĳȴɲǷ֮ĵһ۶Ⱦ籩ǿˣֻǾ籩Һ̬ԶԣлĶǿʢ֪ٱھ籩ǿлﵽŽսʼݲµ϶ء
𣡡
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ħĺɫ֮Ѹٵɢ
ɢһ˿˿ѪɫĹȴΧγһѪɫĴڣ̶л

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ɾ˵һĻˡ
Ѫɫײ棬Ȼͬײˮһ㣬ֱӴɵڴԽȥȻõģͬһĴڣȴֲǾ뾫źܴ
Խ
лüı˹ȥ
٣
лŭˣҺ̬
Һ̬ովۼеһ˿ǿҵ˲ȡ˽
ԭʮӣ˭֪һ˲䣬лڵͷ˰ɫҲޡ
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Ѫɫ˿߾ȻǳȡĹ
ˢ
лֻһ֮䣬Ѫɫ˿߱ٶȳȡø˥ϡ
汾Դ֮л
ԭлô汾Դ֮ʱҲӳã֮ԴѪɫ˿߷ǰģ߾˵ġ
ıԴ֣֮ɫĹߡ
ĳּѪɫ˿Ҫߡ
ӵߣлôߣֱӱɫıԴ֮
֮лͷٶȱڣʧ
ָֻ˶ʮӣҸԴԴϵлڣҲ֪Ѫɫڵװ˶ٵֻһ˲䣬лԼܹﵽǧ֮ˡ
Ȼϲѡ
лҲ¶һ˿Ц⣬˱Ҳ޷ֹˣֹѪ˰ɡ
žžž
ɫıԴ֮ڴһ󱬶춯֮ȥɫıԴ֮ع鵽лڡ
ֺɱ󷨡
δ֣͸еɫıԴ֮ɢںһ˿Ѫɫ˿ߣͲʲôʶĹˣҺ̬һӽѪɫ˿߸ˡ
֮л͸еԼҺ̬˾˵ı仯
ԭֻȫˮ΢ĲǴź򣬷籩ˣֱǷ
Ҳֻôһ˲ϢĹлĶ֮ͨ£Ϸһ¡¡ı졣
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˵Ĳʹ֮ˮҲӦĲ˱ʣҲͳͳķлΪģҵת
֮ˮһѭ״̬ʵˮЩΪѪҺԵʣʹǲӷûãҲ͸֮ģǾۼĲѭȺﵽҪȥģҲǶ󷨵һֱʳȴлӵҩָ˭ܹ֮ˮ
֮ˮܹðٷ֮ʮŵŵĶǿȴˡ
ѭΪҺ̬궯˾޴ıʣ֮ˮۼ˹ͻлγһˮֱ֮ͨϡ
춯أһĻҲ֮֡
ǰƻȴδȫ⵽Ƴ֮ѪӡлҺ̬֮ϸֳ
Ա鲼˼ģ´½Լȫ
ĳ֣˼綼ˣ


1312  쾪ضһ
˼ˣ
һнеĻˣҪ׼ʲôҪˣıˣòֹͣϵĻ֮ѪӡȻȫ˵Ѫ˾ҵĶ޷
бչصսʼǿ߷׷뿪չڣǾŽսʼҪһزָܹɣ¿͵Ϯ侳磬صΣգҲòͣԼľٶ߳š
бսҲ׷׵߳ЩǰͱϹʱĳǿǣҲա
֮ϣѪɫա
˼һɫֻкɫ
ѪɫڵʣѪɫΪɣǴ̼Ѫı仯ڼţһЩѪڻвĸʵѸٵȻЩ˶ǷǳģϾ֮ǰһƳ֮ѪӡȻǴȥ˾ϲЧΨЩ츳£ʱֺܳĲŻ˴
Ůפ䶯졢֣Ȼ߳
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˭ɵģ
˭
ҲʥǵĸֳˣҲۼһ𣬿֮ϵı仯һ¶֮ɫȻÿһˣ˼ĸ֣϶֮⣬Ǿϲ֮ɫ
Ϊ֮ѪӡĲƳôҲûˣһжϸʵĻ
֣ΪʲôҸоһ˿Ϥζ̲ĿŵĲѪӡͷݵϤУϤȥУܹϤоֻһˡ
̵ǰлӰ

һӰŮפصһ˫ɷһӿźȻ
Ȼǿǡ
ҲˣҲ޷ˣǵʵǿԵһʱ͸оƳѪӡڣһĿͶңԶı
ܵǵĸţ˵ĿⶼͶ˱
ŮפصлȫٷУҲҪµʱ䣬˵ʲôԿģȴһִ·𿴵һˮֱ֮ϣѪӡĲ
ǹעʱȴû˿ڣһϮµɰվڴڣһ˫ڵӷɫʣңԶı򣬺촽ĵ𣿡
̶ܲԣǿѪӡױƳֲϣƳΪǼ˵ħѪԵʣڵܵӰСƳ֮󣬶һ˿ͨħĿռ϶ĻͻӴҲ꣬ûжٽչˡ
֮ܲۡ
һͬݵŮӰվ棬һͷںڵ˿£徵գؽаʹ½һŮֺ縡͹˿ˮΣһԺɫչѪӡͮͮģѹѹһƬеôޡ
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ҲΨһ֪ɫõˡ
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л䶯졢֣졢衢ı˶֮Ĳ࣬Щһǿ۱ֻһǿΪС޷Ӵֵ֧ȣΪʲôǸҸоΣգΣأʲôǿ𣿲ǣǰֵһᣬΪʲôһеأʲôֵҺµģ˵
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ƫƫȴһθо˺¡
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칬ʥغųʵ൱ʥصˣʥأ˶֪ǲ칬
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ѪӡӿҲ˾ıʡ
칬ҵ
칬Ǿۼ߶ˣңʱ𶯣ʱ˵ע⣬칬֮󣬼æӿռָóһƣ֡ӣ
֮ӰĴڣ칬ӡ
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칬˸һĹΣĵʮʮʮ
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ڱǲ൱طĽסľ뱱ԶϺطûǲѪӡãָϹʱĳ̬
ѪۣʹлҲоı仯
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лɵϣϱ֪ˣһԭֻһǾҺ̬ҪҪﵽʮսʼӵеҺ̬
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뵽лҺ̬Ҳƻ֮Ѫӡеİ
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ףлɵĴЦˡ
Ĳ˵ʮսʼҺ̬İǵﵽ֮󣬱ɵؿʮսʼ磬Ҫʲô鷳Խˡ
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ȴû֣Һ̬㾰鵺еͳͳı
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鵺˺̵ĸҲ׷׵ĺˡ
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ٿҺ̬лþȫﵽ˼ޣͷʹѣ˻һ
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ۡ
һıѴ
˺̵ĸֻȻ׿ȥʵδﵽһսʼǿͳͳͷѶһսʼҲһɫҰף˫ͷҲܵӰ죬ܷ˭Ҳ֪
սʼҪȥæһԼľ͸ебļһѪڵϣȥչˡ
С
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񶷼ΪչԻ͵ĵزٻָԾƵ˼ĳԻʱ벻ˣӢ۱غܣĳʱˡ


1313  쾪ض
Һ̬ɵľ籩ϵسײš
쾪ضʹ˶оǿֲԽͳͳûһ˸˿춯
񱩵ľ籩ŻٵĲѪķӡҲʼ
ѪӡҲͬѸٵļС
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֪ʱǷʱ̫ˡ
һСʱʱ䣬Ȼת˲ûˣҺ̬ҲѾ൱̶ȣٿѪĲӡ˵˼磬޷Ҳһǧӣİٷ֮һ򶼲ģһѸٵɢС
ģ˵ĶҪɤˡ
Һ̬籩ȳƣ̬
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ˣ
δܻٵѪķӡ
ǻʲôĽأ
Ǹǰ׵ѪӡʼϵطڣŵʱǾͷһ˶ų֣ҿٵתЩԶ룬Ȼָ̬ǸеԼѪȻٶȷ
ЩѪӡϹսǣ¶֮ɫʹֻֿٵӿ
δȫ𣬴Ļ
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˵ԡʵʶз˾ʮֻأʶǿ޵ֵ˵
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ݣ
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壬ųս壬繫ϵǿ֮һ˼硢硢ħ磬Ҳܹǰĳ֮һÿ嵮һ޵еĶ֮ͻᱻΪһ塣
ĿǰмصʷУ嵮һʮǰϧʱĶһ˵⵽ħħ͵ħЫļл֪˭Ҳû뵽ѪӡȻж嶷Ӱ
Ѫӡ˵ǰ㱻Ƴģһֱ֣ô£ʹӡȻûмǰǿǿƺרңЩʵʮսʼ˵Ӱ죬ڸоѪӡڼڸŭ
嶷ЦСӵľɱ䣬ҵģеħЩĶµţλᱻ֣Կɽ˼ӡȥϷҲԶ޷ӵð
ҲãֻʮǰǰܵδָˣһָѪӡƽ⣬ֻǾ֮ͰˡЦ˼ͨѾ׷ɱ罫ʮеʮսʼҲԴƣΪλҪ
ͨǵȷǲˣҪֻܹ˻µľŴʥͱ飬ȻԾ˰ǰЩ嶷
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лЩƲѡ
ضŶ嶷ӿһɭޱȵɱ⣬ʮ˼Ҫ˼磬ζȴħѹȥһֱûŪף˼ʧܣǹˣ

嶷Ц
Ц֮ϵƲʷ׷׵ıȥˡ
ȻΪʮǰҶ񣬴ħ͵ħЫҲɱңҪߣ˻ʺͳޣҲɱңҽʾԷ⣬Ϊħĺ޻֮ǰǱ˼ɴˣôν磿ǾǴ˼絮ıԴΪһ磬統УΨһԴĵطԲųΪ磬һ˵磬λˣǵȻǼٵģ嶷Ц
ν˳
һ𣿡嶷
ȴЦ㲻˵Ǿͱı˼Ծƽİ취˵Ƴʮı
ٺ٣˵ǻ۾죬Ȼ١嶷ԾɫƽҿԸ㣬˵һ٣ŶȻҪɱ˵
Ȼ³ȥĿֱָл


1314  ʮֻأף
嶷Ҫɱл
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Ϊɶ
һҪĳ嶯զˣǱðű˳ûĨɱΣգҲҪɱ
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嶷ָ𶯣Ͷ⣬أ·ΪǴ˵еؼһ㡣
ѤõĹâʱͬ貶Ŀ
ֻ֮䣬˼綯Ҳݡ
㶯֣ȻҲ˵Ԥ֮⣬ǷҲٶŪһ˳Ƕ嶷Ȼȥˡ
ǱĹһɽ鵺Ϊҽˡ
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Ѫɫո䲻ʮףǧ׵ױͻأĳ·ǰٶлųóٶȵ˶Ϊ֮㵣۾ûпôȥġ
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׸κεĻᣬӶѪɫ򵱼ΪҽҪ˵Ķ嶷񣬾۷ʱڵĶԻΪ׵ķˣҲֻѡԺˣӲƴġ
Ҫ֪ףǾؼһл׵ԴȪͬ˼ıԴ֮һ㣬ԭʼ
Ȼˣûзӳµĵز˵˻ףǱȳʩչ츳գҲ˿ģҷܹﵽ۷壬ֻҪһǣɱһС
嶷»ΪӰ
Ҳޱˣûлָ˷Ϊɱ嶷񣬸Ƕףֹ֪ۡ
˼նɣ֮ɫЩ˼硣
һж˵жȹ
Ҳ֪жս򣬴ﵽս۷弶Ҳ֪սս۷弶ǿߣл۴սĸ

˳̾һ϶Ȼһǡ
ؿһл漴Ƥ·ǧȻƣϮͷûһڣʧӰ١
һз·عƽ
ɰһǵķ䣬ȴȫ½Ŀ⡣
һǣһǡ
ǧˣħ޵˭ĳǷµĻ֡
Ǳ˵õôڻĳɾע޵еģɾʮսʼҲֻʱ⡣
ʱ˶Գ׷ϳѪӡû˸оֻŻǷ衣
ǻǴӱһ·쭡
֮ûд֣طһ˲Ϣͣ٣ȴ˸еƺڵ
дĻϵֺħƿصĻ
Ȼǻ𣬿ȴǻһЩˮ硢֮ڣƺҲܵ˸Ӧ׷׵ǿţһЩˮ硢׼ĳ
ֻǻȻǷµһֿɰǿʵĻֶѡ
磬ˮһǶ֮ˣһǷ˵ıԴ֮
νԴ֮Ǳ׵Ļ֣
˷µĿ˼һڡ
˭ң
ô˻֣ճɾͣؿͬһ㡣
ǵĿǻǷ裬Խӹ´½ֱŮ嵺פصϿգȻֹͣ
ء
˵Ȼӿ
ΪŵĻŮפˡ
٣
ϲĽ˷
ȴЩǵĸǣ˭֪䶯ԣ֮һǻԣЩĵĳԱ֪䶯õ󴫳УǶԣ䶯δ˼
ôͳ׻֣Ȼ͸ġ
Ҳδģ֣ɫ׻֣ؼԴϿˮ֮ˣ֮ˮɱ䣬ɳɾˮǽΪԱɵõġ
ֻ֣뷨ɣ䶯Ц
֣˭ϣ
ڽ档
˭Ҫõ
ǻȴڸ߿֮Уûнµļһʣ˲һЩ뷨ѵҪģ
ž
ǸеɻʱһȻһĨĿĹ⻪֮ʧӰˡ
ôûˣ
ȥˣ
׻أ
˷ʥǡǡ֣ĸǶ˷׷׵Ѱһǡ
ȴû˷֣ʥǵе¶֮ɫһ˫īĴһ֮ʧˣӰҲѸٵ˷·ڷž˵Ĵɱ䡣


1315  ۷
һлعƽ
Ŷ嶷˹صصף֮ѪӡɢؼٶȳŨԪ͸һɵĹӵζǴԪԶԪӵʺЩ츳ߵ˶ԣֻǵʵͻͽġ
˼ƶûʲôΣա
ֻҪеͷԵ˶֪˼Σʱ̣ǼˣǶ嶷˵սܣǿΪ֮ĳֲɸ˵ܣȻ˼ͨ޷ٴα򿪣ǵĿҲһɾܶȹģϾﱸʮʱ䰡
Ȼʼѡڱչˡ
Щʼ׼һսϾ˼ڲɱԹйصĽ壬ħйص̣УҪģĸι棬ҪսҪԺ˵
лȻеһµĴڡ
Ѫ
ԭ󷨱һЩţҲٵ˵ѪȻ޷Ҳ֪ô£Ŷ嶷ͷһս֮ķ֣ǵѪۿھȻٶγѪɫ֮
ƺٻ
лͷ𶯣еºͶ嶷ĳֽܵϵĿ档
ƻһЩţȴȻ޷Уֻȫ汻Ѽȡˡ
鵺Ծģᵮµ
ٵǱġ
л㻺£Һ̬Ҳ˽Уڽ֮ǰʹˡ
󷨣лɵ
󷨣ҪǷʲô
˵һնȥ
꣡
һն£ǵ󷨵ʯ鵱նϣѺ죬ʹʯ鶼׵ıˡ
ҲȻ
Ҳ̴һĺ
ʿ֪ǹɽˣ
лҪȥ鿴󷨱ӿǳɷֿ֮תΪɷ֮
ںϣɷֻ֮һ첻ʱ䣬лʵݺݵǰһɷ֮йܹ֮ǿɷ֮ɢ֮󣬿ٵĻɢܿתΪл뿪ˡ
ϾһƨǶѵ档
ȫĵ
˷ɷ֮תڣʹлĶǰδеٶȿ
лսʼҲ̶հˡ
ȻŴЧȴǺԣ˵ûдȵؼǶսʼսʼľ룬ҪĶĳ̶ȣʵڲһģҪԽȥҪһĹ̡
лжϣǵڡҲҪһʱ䣬пܴﵽͻƵıԵ
⻹Ҫǿ޻߶Ԫ޵츳İлٶȵġ
ɴ˿ɼսʼ֮ÿһǶôļѡ
ĿǰΪֹл֪ҪڶսʼɾͣҪսʼİ취ȻвͨģΨһеİ취ɷ֮
൱Ķࡣ
˵Ϊ󷨱նϵԵʣҲȫǼǧ֮һ֮һǶڵлԣѾ㹻Ķˡ
˷ѡ
Դ˻֮ɷлʵͷ鵺棬ƺɷԼʵֶˡ
ҹڵ飬ǳѸ١
Ͼ֮ˮʢŵʱޣҪڻعܹʹ֮ˮϵķ
ȭ޻Ҳȭױ棬ע档
֮ˮ̺ҪңҲҪǻһĵֿԾ綾ԵֿޣûʲôֿǴĿҲҲлȫԭ
ɷ
леԼĶѸٵš
ľļ˵սʼɽ£սʼɽĻôлѾ粽ɽϳȥҿԽɽֱɽ۶ȥһȥļ
ʱҲйȥ졣
леԼȻսʼʱɷ֮Ҳ˸ɸɾûʣһ˿һ
лҲѹ
Ѿﵽ˶ս۷弶ľ磬սʼҲֻһ֮ѡ
찡
лԼʵսʼƺҲһ£ƺʱء
Ȼﵽ˴սʼĵز֪Ȼᾪ°ɵģ֮ǰɷ֮ǰڣǾŷǳĲ֮࣬ǰɱսʼǿߣҲԣ·˹սʼЩͷˣѦǿǰսʼ۷徳ǿߣķݡ
ȻﵽսʼͻƱԵˣѦǿĶ֣ţֻҪһʱ䣬ٸʱһԿսʼʱǿҪѦǿٽһ˭˭Ķ֣
ʵҲлĸ㡣
ͷѲ󷨡
ЩžȻ˸ŹΣл̧ṳ̋ȥ
أ
ǿӽŵӿȥе󷨵ͳͳʣ£һܵĻᡣ
лȻѲܡ
˵س󷨣κõĶл뿪֮ˮĵײر
֮ˮлҲ鵺Ĳͬ
һ飬ûκεá
ֻˣɷƺҲǿˣԵ޷ܵġ
лԴ˲⣬ĵǵѪ
ɽߴǧףѪߴס
˵صƽ̹һ۱ܹɽģֻĹɽȻˣеĹƺˣֻǵѪİ׸ߵȻȻлеͷ۵ǣȻһ۾ͿԭӦòԵĵѪѪɫ֮ھȻһۿó
˵ʲô
ѪȻڿٵĳɳ
оΧǹȻɢ޷ԵѪбڵѪΧȴŰ˸޴á
ÿһöʮ׸ߣ£ۿȼźɫ֮õı滹һ㵭Ѫɫתš
ǰ˸ͷŵѪµķ豣š
лΣŸմһ
꣡
ֻ̽ԵǰԼʮ׵ĵطһͷֱӳɱ˹ȥһڽɵˡ
л죬ͷƺ߰˽սʼֻ΢¶һ£ȫ汩¶ĻǿǾŽսʼ
̫ˣ
µİ˴ãлϵĳˡ
ҪȥȻ֣ػѪӦòġ
лѡ뿪˵ء
ѰħǣûԼһ˻ô̺˻мҵοҵ
˺̵ĸ֣ҵڵѪûо֮ǰȻǲܿƵѪģֻɺţȴ
лƮ뿪
ո٣Ķͨ򿪣ֹ⵽͵Ϯһĺ·ڴ̡
鵺ϣֻ˺̵ĸ֣òǽ˰ɣлһˣͣŽսĵطȥ
ԶԶأлͿ˺̵˷ֳռݶԼʮ׵ľ룬˿սʼĸɱǲҪƴɱǷź͡
ڽսһٶ׵һСɽ档
·˹պ̵һսʼǿվһʯͷ࣬ʯͷһĹ˵۽ʼնǹ
ħǣ


1316  ħ
˵Ƿħǣûȷʵ֤ݣɿ˽ŵӣ˫ΪҪȡİ취лҲɶ϶Ǿųħǡ
ȥħǣϸΪǸȣ˸źɫĹΣԵ·˹۶ǰսƴɱħǣʱ̷ֹԷӶħǡ
лħǣûмȥ
ѪǷܹħǱץУбǿƵĿܣȥ
Ψǲκλᡣ
лĿħǡ
Ҫˡ
ˣ·˹գǿսʼ֣ǶǵԷ̫б͵ϮĿܣ˾̵˶Щġ
Ƕ֣ɶ˺̵ֺԲơ
ûսʼˣлȥսһµĳ嶯ѡħΪ
ʱλãվ̵󷽣ˣƹ̣·˹˵
˵ľ߶ȼУʱ̵Ĺ۲ΧΡ
лûп̫ʮҵľ룬һʯ󷽣ϸ۲š
Ŀһٵħǡ
·˹˵лڵʵӳٶȣڶĹ֮ǰħǵģڵĵħǲͬһĳַ
Ϊ󷨵ķһϵе飬˵ǳѪӡǣ嶷ͷ󳬼޵дڣԾлеһ˿£Ƿ˳˼Ҫ嶷ٶȷӡˡ
ħǣлϸ۲졣
ħǲûʲô֮ͬͨħ޹ĳһֻȻħǣǿƵѪĴڣôۣûʲô
״ɣ˯
Һ̬ף˯
޷ʩչлҲеͷۣʹʲôأɱо߶Ҳ޷ˡ
л˼ȥǸɴȽϺá
ʲôʱҲԥˣŮˣлԼԥеǲ⣬
ԥȻǿǰȫҲ衣
л˦˦ͷֶ嶷ͻأ֣ȷһ˿ľ£δע⣬ʱ򣬾ȻܵȾ
Ͻ־ų
񣬾ǿ
ı仯л·һ˲䣬췭ظĴ仯޴󣬺κѶ޷ǰĲͷеޱȵѣƺ֮ǰеججĸо
ȴ֪嶷ͻȻѡ񹥻ɺεȵĳϵѹȣͨɷĸӰ죬ǱĬĸ
˷Ҳ˶е
۶ħǣлҲγɵ

ԳƵСȵȶţлëƻһ磬ͬʱʩչƵ硣
ٶһ䣬ﵽ۷塣
ҲȻ
ʮ׵ľ룬л˹ٶ֮£ԺԲƣգ۵ʱ䶼ȻǷħǵʯǰɵҲħնȥ
ͻأ֣ͻأ·˹˴ֲ
˼æ֣ȴѾˡ
ɵͽħ档
˻
һ˵ľٵ˻ȻλħǸл·˹պ̸ֶǸеͷһѣΣľбѵļ󣬾ңԶ˺̵ĸ֣մ´½ϹģҲвʵ׼սʼģһ˻ǰѪ
ܵǿĻл
ǹħǵġ
һ˻εɵ棬ȻһַǳӴҪȥ
ͬʱлҲˣħһĴڡ
飡
ħһػ顣
Ȼ֪伶𣬵ɿ϶ǳԽﵽ൱սʼʼ顣
Ҳиߵ֣֮еܹﵽ˽սʼеֻܴﵽһսʼʲô֪һ˻˹ãҲлоǿ󣬿ԽǿлԽħڳԼս
ֻҪħǣͺȫ淢ӳ
ɱ
һ˻лҲۼ񱩵֮ӿзȥ
֮ɷϢ۶ɣδãлڵһʱ䣬㶯֮
֮۶һɫĹлĿбȥ
𣡡
ϵɢ
Ȼ֮࣬飬лҲûԿģǵѹһ˻ٶԼĸš
أ
ѹ˻֮γɵĹײɵ档
ɵٶһײͺһɽɵ棬ٶն¡
ǣ
ɵħǡ
ɵ׼սʼ񵶵ʸ񣬼רƷƶնȻûܽħնϣֻնһѡ
ǰƺʵ쵽˼㣬лӵն£ɵնħǣһӵʱ䶼ûС
лӦħڵ齻һ
·˹һЩδ޲˻ұַ
˻
ħٶȴ˻
㱻նϣҲѸٵƮɳȥֱӳлȥεģֻомǿɱǶļ߳࣬пöնɱġ
ΪʣҲһսʼģҿһ˻ǱһսʼҪߡ
עлĶá
Һ̬˯޷ʩչ
лȻǺް취
˻ɱлһ㿪δվΣ̸ֱݺݵһն˹
һ졢ݡ׼ޱȡ
һ·˹ҲĻӽնɱ
һһ䣬һǴǰ湥һǴӺὣɨʹл˲ã²ܣ޷
սʼǿߣǴδйϣҲܹӶԷһ֮Уһ˵ĳ֣еֲˣ޷ɱ֣ÿһжǱɱֶΣµġ
ȥҲתƵɱ
ʱ侲ֹ
ʱִлͷϷѸٵķŴֱӽлΧ׵ķΧҲ·˹ȸֶС
һ˲Ϣ
л׼ᣬǰȥħտԽȥ
ȶȻ
ʱʱֲſʼѡ
лҲһ£漴׹ѾǶս۷弶ˣʱʩչʱ侲ֹҲôױġ
޶+ƶն
󶷼Ĵںϡ
ƶնȴһǣ߼ǡ
޶ܹںֶһ壬໥ӣʹù߼ƶնĵӣԶս۷弶ʵʩչ
Σ
䣡
ɵʱҲ顣
лһ㣬Ӷƺʱ侲ֹּʱֶΣȴް취Ҳܱġ
ۼлٶȳ֣·˹˼æὣǰħǡ
ն
лӵն£ߵնƿնǰһ״һʵޱȵƶնȥ
·˹˼æӽ
Ҳ˻ɱȥ

˵Ľݳȥɽĳֱӽȥƶն޷˵ػħ棬һǰлеĻڴ
꣡
ƶնӹħͬʯһͳѡ
Ѿлǰһ׵ط鷢˻𣬲ĵţȻѸٵ
ħŽܵϵħǶϣ
ħǶѣıըҲԶ
˻ȥֻǰ׸ŵĵѪȻȻ飬ĺɫɷɢؼ䣬ػѪİ˸Ҳ׷׵ıѡ
л״ɵôϲ
ħǾȻ͵Ѫ˽ܵϵħѣδĵѪҲȥ
ŵѪ飬һԪȻǵѪѹĵطӿ̫࣬Ȼγ˿˲佫鵺ɷĸɸɾһѸ͵ûԪıӳȥ


1317  еƣһ
ǰʩչ䣬ɱһϹʥҲһ࣬µǣߵĽأһ˿Ԫڱκһ츳ٸߣҲͻɷġ
񣬵ѪħǵѶ
ǷɱԪҲ֮Ѹ;׵ӿ¾Ԫ
˻赹Ҳˡ
еŵĻл鵺ˣԪѹһʵ̫̫ˣԴ˷ӿʹԪ̶ȣֻҪԼӴתΪġ
Ǹܵûˡ
ڿڱеľ˻ˬ
ŨԪ۳˴һž˵İԪӿ
л͸еԼĶȻҲõһ̶ȵ
Ƕս۷弶ľ磬ҶĴȣԶܱȵģȻһ̶ȵȻҲڻ¡
ͻƣ
ҲҪͻˣ
ֻǱǳŨԪӹṵ̂ռڣླ粻رߵͻƣ֪Ԫʲô̶ȡ
ħǶѣѪڡ
·˹Ȼл֮ǣ־棬Ҳûгû֣̰ľԪ
˵ļ˭Ը
սʱֹͣ
жԵĶһµķſңȥƴԪ
ŨԪһɢɢϡϾɢġ
͵Ԫͷų˽ӡ
ʱ䲻ɶл˶ԣӣʮʥĽˡ
лоԼսʼľֻһߡ
ߣʱܳɾսʼʵ
Ԫӿǰӿٿ鵺˶ɵˡ
鵺Ǿࡢ󡢹塢ɷһоֻӣȴ췭ظĴ
ѹԪԾǳ򱱺򣬿鵺Ԫصģʥء
ӳģض滨ݡ
һЩĹεض𣬻һЩħ޲֪ôðģȻҲˡ
Ũķҷɾ硣
һж·С
л׼֪һЩ仯Ҳδ뵽仯֮޴󣬼ֱ
УǵĿ⿴ǷѹԪĵط
ԪأлʹʥȵԪҪǿʢֵġ

һһȪˮ˵ǸطƯš
˶۾Ŭȥ
һö۵ĺˮΧӣöӾӨ͸ԲһҪӵеĳ嶯ϵͷԪͷţҲڲϵСС
Ԫ飡
ͬʱг
Ԫ飬ԪŨ񣬹ڱѹдԪѹ۶ɵһöӣûо춯صȴΪΪԪһγӣͱ߱һ㹻Ĵʡ
һʣôԪͱȻ޷γӡ
Ԫֻ֣Ҫ̷ȥȫתΪġ
ĳ֣Ҳ˵Ŀ꼴̷ת䣬л̸ֵ֣ϽĿ飬õԪ㡣
ͬһʱ䣬л·˹պսʼǿͬʱȥǶҪԪ顣
ٶȣ
лЦһҪʲôٶȵḶֱ́Ӿܹٶޡ
һ䣬ԭͬʱ𲽵˱˾룬л˦󽫽׵ľ롣
ã̸ֵ
ɱл·˹ձȵ
˿л˿ݣѡɱлԪ飬ȻǸûõġ
Ƿ׷׳֣ݺնγɡбʮ֡лĺնȥ

лЦ
ﵽս۷弶֮ҲҪٶȵж졣
ˢ
лٶӲԭеĻ棬ٶǰ쭶ȻƾٶȽ·˹˷ĹٶȶԽȥǹ޷׷лֻĿлһգ۵Ĺ򣬱㽫˦ʮ׵ľ롣
ٶȣ˿׷
䣬лѾԪĽǰձ׳ؿռӺһ۶ɵһСռ䣬ԪֹĻɢԪ
ǰֻһĹԪѾСǿɶǶ
лԪһ˲䣬͸еһ˿ĪΣմİлϤС
ϤζڼǰոսӴġ
嶷Ϣ
Σգ
лɫ䣬æٶȣҪԶ쭳ȥȴܿһ󲻹ɵĲһжģ
ռ䡣
˵صγһռС硣
ֻǴ˿ռС緶ΧСҲǶʮƽӣˣҲȻǿռС磬֪ڣÿռ壬ҲƿռС硣
л㱻
񣬳ɣȻлҲ֪ҪǶ㲻ģ侲ɫƽޱȡ
һ˿͸ѹϢӿ
嶷ӰлǰԶĵطӰĪ⣬·ʱɢһ㡣
һƲлꡣ
࣬벻ɡлЦ
лߵڷ˳֮ʱ֪ԼɣǰһƲлİɣٺ٣ҿл˥ǵķл걻˷֣ԲлѾܵˡ
лЦһ㲻֪ҵȷǷǳ΢һл꣬Ҳ൱һսʼɣȴǵѪ֮أҽûһС֣ţڵ൱ĽսʼʵˣȻĻΪһֽ𣿡
лɫ
Ҳû뵽⶷Ȼ˵ļܼͣ׳Լǲɱ˼һ޴Ļ
ɾлолĵȷĽսˡ
ս۷ʵս۷嶼δǶ֣Ҫ˵Ľսʼǿˡ
ô죿
֮ǰܵӰ죬ľһƿ־ӣǾĲ֪ôˡ
Һ̬ѵϧ޷ʹá
лѸٵԼյĸ
־Ȼް취ۣǶ֣ɶԷϾǲл꣬壬޷á
лйâ˸лȤĿһèϷŪӵı飬Ҳš
ʵҲҪָһʩչռСҲٵġ
ͻͻ
лͷ֮࣬ȭײ¡
ͷȥ
ͼ޻긡ֳƺҪԼ˵ʲôֵıл귢֣лһа취
лӶ䡣
ַŵԣ޻ٵ˵ˣͷŻ֮ɷĲл꣬Ǿ£ŻѡлΪ˵طѹԪ֮ǰ鵺ʱ򶼲ҴȻµһĲлܵɷţұɴ߶ɻ޵츳ˣ
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Ǽȭȫʢʱڣ޻ȫԽ൱սʼɽлˣμȭ׵սʼʹÿ޻ߴ˽սʼҲֻܸɵۣӲ
ǲлܵǵĸţǾˡ
νǣǵħĿǣħͬҲĿǡ
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⶷嶷ϾֻһƲл꣬ұǿл򲻹ȫʢʱȣ޷ġ
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˾ʹòлڶັһ˿Դˡ
ⱾԴܵɷĸţôл޷ɻ츳ɻˡ
еˣлҲͷˡ
ûмͷɷᱻл귢ֵģˣӶлȡһЩõĶܲ
Һܲףö񣬺εʵεݣһ˿Ϊһ壬ΪʲôҪԸ˼磬ô룬壬ΪȥĴǷЩ˵ءл˵
ƨ˭Ը˼磬ǱлƺлԸԵ飬ȻƿڴɻסˣɱĶлҵĻ
лûҶҪˣ׵ȥܱȺͿĺãȻˣҪǺҴռС磬ȥǲ˵Ҳν
лЦƾ㻹ѣЦ


1318  еƣ
ˣ
ʷǿߣڶ壬ÿܳһģˣΪսκˣһǰĳɱȥ˵ǰҲ˵Ϊ
Ը಻Ҫ鷳
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ˣһЩҲ֪Ķ׵Ҳûʲôɣ˵ֻ֪һƤëˣױȵݣҲϣֻǱ˵ǹʹлϣлĿſ˵һЩشء
лȻĶл
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һѹֵıˬ⣬ҪǷйЩ˵ȥѡĶ֪ڶлУл죬Ȼ뿪ĴҲԷйеĲˬ
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лĻŪðץģҲˣлȻԴ󣬿һĵأȻǲ˵ġ
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͵ħ֮Ŵν˼ĸԭ򣬾˵ʧȥԴʹˣԺʵѸټģͻʥ൱ѵġ

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Ц޴л껺ص׸㣬籾ԴҽƵģħ籾ԴҲҽѾĻƻģȻǹΪΪΪԼ𣿡
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֪Էܣǣ˼磬ħ翴ҲˣȻһııóѣǶ˼͵ħ綼ǻԵĴ
סһҪȶľŻ֣⶷ԿԴ󣬴֪̽һЩĵأҲǲܵġ
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Ҳʮ꣬϶лؽԼᣬйеǹƣҲ¶ԣûĿ
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ȻͿˣȻٵ籾Դ֮ʲôлЦΣֻҪһص磬ȻԳΪǿߣɱֻʱ⣡
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лĿޱȵĶֻأǴ˵νֻأ
лûҶ嶷еֻ񷨣˷ʩչֻأֻҪﵽսʼɵõǰһµһܵأ
û˵ɲʹλû˵лЦеĵĻһѡ񡭡壡һ


1319  еƣ
лɱĻлһҵĲ
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ߣ㶮ƨ̥еõԪģǲһĶ񣡡лߵ
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Ķ尡εȻԻͣھȻ׷ɱΧУʹ϶ȨѬ죬綼ҪɫˣôһټЩ˲֮ذò˶þͻᱻְɡл˵ʱҲ޷֮ͨ񷨻عˣҪᱨˡ
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뱻֣棬ȻˣҪɱʱҲ˵ʵڲʲô£Ϊ˼磬ȻѡķٶȽشҵѪӡںҾͺѷӳȫгһѪӡ⵽ôҲ֮ĨɱҲǰ´УϹʥʵĴУһΪЦˣһֱڳ˯ȫƳѪӡ
ΪȻңȻұΪԼΪ޷Ѫӡϵұ뾡취ָҲ޷ѧİ취ռؼǿߵҲһ˳
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δܶȡֺ䣬ԼȽԼļĨˣҽһƲлֽˣ͸Ԫ޲лɻ޲лֱںϣǿǵһԺ󷢻ǵ츳Ҳǿ־á޻˵
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лĿȻ׻ӷԪ棬ȻȻˣ䴿ԪȴлȻֻЧҪһЩˡ
ûеһʱռС磬ǽԪԪֱڣսʼֻһ֮Ĳ࣬ͻȻƲɵ


1320  սʡһ
ϯضлȫԪǲԪ֮ǰȻĴ󲿷֣˷ȡ࣬ȴģ֮лڵĶ̱㷢͵
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Улͷ֣Ǵɾ˯еƺܵĳִ̼һ㣬Ȼز
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лѰ죬ǼȭҲȡȫı֮лУһ鿴ȭȻָĲˣȴûм϶յսʼ񹭵еѹ
Ͳһ㡣޻Ƶĵ
ôܣǱƵѪıǿ϶ҪתΪսʼģ޷޸ȭأлĵ
޻Ҳȭ׶û޸Ҫ˵ɾ͵Ѫսʼˣܡ
лȻȷĶˡ
޻겻ģҲѰһͬʲôû֣ŲĵĻعȭףۿžͲôһɻָȴֻܸɵۣζơ
лͣ߳˶лµĿռС硣
߳һŨ¿˵ˬȴҵɱǺɱȥֻļΧ˺̵ĸ֡


1321  սʡ
ĵлԤϵҪΪڱ³ԪʱǾͻһʱϵģܹҲ㲻ˡ
л㻺طɹȥ
˵ʵĲ̫࣬ˣ̺Ҳǧ˶ѣսʼľ֮࣬дԴӣ˵һ浹ɱ¾
վڸ߿չš
лĵȻ˵ע⡣
Ϊսʼڽӽս۷弶ʵŬһĽսʼҲỨ̫ʱġ
ǿлǵһο
ֻһ㽫սʼָնѪɳȥ֮±ļնɱ
ʵ
л٣
л֣˴ϲæա
ҲϹˡлЦ
ʵл鵺ʱ򣬾ΧأӦԪع鱱ʱ򣬵һʱģһǿĺޣȻ鵺·˼ʮˣŽشġ˵
ţ
лʲôǴߴսʣսҲнʮˣ֣һѵϵĺ޲ɣ
Ŀùһ
ֶڻĹߴսʼֵĹҲĽսǿˣȻô࣬ɼ޵Ŀ¡
Ӧս۷弶ĺޣֻǺ֣ǺƺûܵѪӡӰ죬ĵ侳磬ԵģҲҴδһֺޣҺܻɣĳϵɫصĵ
лҲüͷ
˵ֻµѪϸƺδˣϾ˴ģֶΣΪһѪѵͲ±ѵͲ뵽гһգٵһλϹʥǰĴһӣֻδȫɳˣȻ϶ԲѪġ
£ǣôĲõҲ⡣
鵺ɻԵħޣл
У٣ѾǨˣˡɫصĵ鿴ЩϵĺڲһЩԵˡ
лһĨâ
Ե̺࣬в٣ǸҪΣҶ鵺µûκεĺȻҲᱻΧǾֻһֿܣµ
㻳һ˼紫л
ǻɣģ˿ЦȻûпЩţȴкǿҵĸо϶࣬൱൱һǴĵħѪһִŶһϵĵħѪһ˶Ѫ֪һֱ޷˵Щ˵ѪɱУƺʱܳΪĵħѪȻߣҵĿܻ̽Ǣô̵ʵġ
лͷû˵
ԣˣЩĺǣѪĹ°ҪȥҪԸ˸ֵһᣬΨк̺Ǳġ
̵Ǵˡ
лԸġ
ʥֻĻ˺µȼӣʵǿûҲȻʣʮȥʥ֮⣬ľŴ˭ǿ
ɾ̡
˭أ
̡
һǿͷ۵ڣǰܹʥضܣ񲻶ϳʵ˭֣
лʥǷչ׳ٶȷǳ죬̻Ҫѷɫ࣬ؼҳ϶ȷ档
̸±ѣΪѪ޴ȥͨѪƿء
ʥȻûԼ
ʥǺ̵սܵĿ԰˳ϡ
˸٣л
˿Цθ٣ԸȥˣصһЩܻδȹ̾ǿڣӦһЩõ˼粿ֺ츳ģлյĶֻ֮ͨҪ٣֣Щޣһǽຣ޵ص㣬δ˵յҲǳ⡣
лȻˣǾҪԡ˫ֱ磬ֹеƵǣǼȻڣΪʲô֮ǰ鵺ѰħǣǲûгӣҲûѰħأ
ҲֿܣһֿǣѪǼٵģҲԻ˵ģһֿܵƣ鵺·ҲǱǵһֶΣΨ鵺ƻ»ָ̬ǲܹ뿪ĿǰڶֿܸһЩ˷
˵ķлͬġ
һˣҲ״η֣ƺЩٽ鱨ܹз˿һ棬Ǹ˲ţ
ãҪܣ
ס
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л̧ͷһֻսʼǿ·˹հ˼սʼֵΧ׼һ쭳ȥǼֱǳ̵ƴٶȣٶȵĳˮƽӣһ˲Ϣ㽫սʼǿ˦ʮ׵ľ롣
ȥɱ˵

лһ˿Ц⣬Ҫﵽսʼ֮Լٶȵܹﵽʲôĳ̶ȡ

Ƶ磡
˫ؼӳ֣ٶȼޡ
лһ䣬һ㱬ȥɲǼ䣬˾͸еǰһҵлӰʱ򣬾ȻѾһǧԶĵط
ô죡еɵۡ
֪лٶȿ죬ڹʱĿˣٶȣɲǵܱȵġ
ǰż찡
ﷺֹǶսʼڸòͻ˰ɣսʼ
ɻ֮ʣȻ֣лȻѾס·˹յȥ·
˸еԼۻˡ
·˹ҲսʼҪȻƴĳٶˣӳȥ˰֮лſʼ׷ھ׷ˣ
ɽһĻеĿɿڴ
лס·˹յȥ·Цĵ·˹գ׷ɱңû뵽첻ˮתɡ
Լ·˹ĽԽԽлϻӽлȥ
ˣܵһʱлͽٳ֣ԼҲǰȫģ·˹һȫûʱ䵢顣
ž
лҲ֣ȭ˸⣬̽һץסӲǽס޷ǰȥ֡
һ£·˹պȻ˵ȼҲĿɿڴ
⣬⡭·˹վȻΣУʧĿл
л΢΢һЦһ
ǿȥ·˹ոһ
û׼㣬лȻ

ֻһ仰м˱𺳡
ȻôԴսʼĸ֣ǿǿտʼ·˹պ˶ԿһҲû·ġ
лȻô
˶ϵģ֪Ҳ裬ѪԵĺӣ·˹ձˡ
Ǳ֮ǰΪǶֵĵ˸ӣҲѪԡ
̫·˹ŭˡ
ȫһɾ˵֮˸ɫĹΡ
˫սӽ׺ݵлȥ
ٶȶﵽļޡ
лۣ·˹գְ취һչٶȣ⽣ƾٶȽ·˹նɱ˵ĸоǹ죬ȡɣûԥѡ˵ڶַ
ǿ
һ𺳣֪ͶлȷģҪսʼǿ


1322  սʡ
Ҫ󣬸輫һԶ޷ĥӡ˱ģҲżðɡ
лԥĶƵֶΡ
֮ų
֮ɷ
һʱ䣬ΧֽħӰХڻХӰеޱΰ·һ㣬ҷ裬˫Ŀ磬죬˫չȻһе˶оĪѹ·лʹǵأһϵĴڡ
·˹գֻһУܵסұ뿪л˵Ļǳ˿͸һӵȻ⡣
Լԣĵģ̼Ѫڡ
·˹ȴǸо෴
裬衣
βŭ
ҪһӲֹסȫһɻصϢܣн߾٣·ǣĳصȻѹǹĹ⻪Ż֮С
ɱ
·˹ſһѪ֮ϡ
Ľʱͬһ㣬һɶصķ֮⣬ϢҲ͸һӵѹȡ
ˢ
·˹ڳ˽һȫۼһ㣬ȻҪ̬Ȼն䡣
һȻʧɫ
һʹ˶¶֮ɫˣ·˹ս֪·˹յȫܵ裬ˮƽӵһӦóңǾԣҲΣˡ
ɱ
ʱлǿʢǿʱ̣ʺϵĶǰȭмһпһĿɱ
һȭħлԶķŴȻлΪ֮ģɧһ
ڿգ߿գң񷣬䲻
ħ̾һл߷緶˫ѹƵ
ǳµлͬһսȫһĽɫȼţһȭͬҡ
䣡
ȭս
ۻ˲ӽ㱬ȥ˷նŤԪϵؾҲ
л·˹Ŀԡ
˶ס˺۾һգҲգĿš
鵺һƬžС
лû˵ջȭͷ˫ֵȻʣ·ʲôƵأ˿С

һ΢紵
紵ҡڣ˿Ʈ裬ģܰ
ɼȴһûܣ׷׵ɴ۾ŴͣȻĿսʼ·˹ա
΢紵Ȼ˷ɳƮɢؼ䣬ͬ񽣶ûһ
ž
һļž
м˶ŤӲĲӣŵĿ⿴лδ·˹ձĨɱѹ
𾪹󣬾ܡ
սʼսʼ
սʼձܳɾͷǷܹ׳Ϊ˼ǿ֮һп˻
лͷ༫֣еľǳݵǣĵõ൱㡣
һսɱ·˹գлڼ˵Ŀеλ˵ٵЩǣǽлĿꡣ
ڴˣ˺̵ĸһѣͳͳնɱ
ǲûеһʱ뿪Ƕ鵺ȫѰĹұ鵺ÿһ䣬ȷûʲô֮뿪Ҳ˾ٴغ׼˵ʽΪ
˵رϾɱԪ꣬ǱָԪԣȻŷǳĲ࣬˵صԪ֮Ũ񣬿ʥأȻˡ
Ǵ㽫ռΪС
л˵һ·ؼפء
ع֮л㽫֮ˮ˳屣ܣǹıƷдķκá
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һֹһǰȥǸΪ鵺ȥס˵򵥣ͺ鷳ˣҪһЩʱգбҪȥ鿴ȵȡ
лԴһŲʡ
ûȥ˷ʱ䣬Ѫӡĳ׽չ˴ĳأԺлҪٵĽǸ߽׵սʣɲҵģܹõʱ䣬ͳͳȫĵ
֮أĹڡ
лڴ˲һ죬Ӱٶȳںɫ鰸档
ɷһ֣㿪ѯʵ
лͷ鵺̫⣬ұӵɷܹߣȻ粽УԽռħ壬ɻ֮ɷ滢֮ǿڻԾħ壬Ҳ鵺ϳͨ衣
ûа
ݣ˵ǶŷǷ⣬ֱܹѯɷл֪Բô򵥣⡣
֪鵺ɷͨ۵ɷŷǳκߣԵģǵħ壬в͸һء
ʲô𣿡лɫҲоһݵģҪ֪һرԴ֮ɳģҲ˵ԴվҲΪģأлеԣолҲȷ֪ħ˼֮кβͬ
ͳĵ岢ֻеħӵУ˼ҲУҲУʵڵħӵԵҲǷǳ֮ģɱΪȴֻһ֣ԭˣѪ˵ұ֮صᱻǵĸȾӵһЩԹԵͻľģ˵ǱĬɱΣܶ˶֪˵У˵ħʱ޿̲ɱжȹϢ鵺⣬̺һɵħԹ⣬ŭȣȻ꣬ȴʼûȥ
⻰˵лһ졣
˵ɷ֮ںЩл
ǣ㻹൱һ֣оľʼδһ죬ͻᱬľ
л֪Բ޹ƭԼġ
Ҹôл
ʱһû취Գ֡˵
лѾչˣҲҪܳصġ
ǾŽһζЧΰɡ


1323  һ

лΪ˼ĸ֣ȻܽӰĿһ˿ĺЦúܲ˼顣
ҲӰ˵ˣл϶ʶܽ
ǷúܿЦӰ
лҲֱ˵ĵǣʼնǰ㣬ÿĶֻǴȷ治ͬͬԲͬҲвͬҲ˶ѣλʲô֮˵ԼģʷϾ鷢
ӰϹʱһλǿߵƶϣɱʥ̫޷ͨʥʵֶθ壬޷˱춷ܹȳ˶һĶ
ĻлЩˡ
֪ź϶ļǵļͨĶҪǿܹ࣬öȻлȻϣˣֻĿ
ܹöףƺҲпܡл˵
Ƿɹ˭Ҳֻ֪һƶ϶ѡӰ˵˵ǳĿ̣Ҫħ籾Դ֮籾Դ֮ʱԴ֮˱Դ֮һħЫһаһа֮һͨЩ͸İ취ɽףʹöΪνͬʮϣ˵սʼԽԽս˿⡣Ӱ˵
˵ĿԣҲܳ͡
а֮֮ħЫ֮˱Դ֮Ĵǿģܹãοа磬޷ᴩˣʮǰճ˼磬Դ޵ڶֻ޳ֹħЫǵħµĴڣǷڶһδ֪˸صף˼룬Ӳ
Щעĵ
γɣǶΪҲǿԵġ
лЦƶϺܲʵ
ȷʵΪˣһжϣܵõħħɷ֮֮ҲֻԶԣ仯̫󣬶ͨǿʢ߰˷֣ǿһӰ
ħħɷûУ֮ӵйѾɱˡл˵
Ӱħħɷɷ֮ΪγɵģõɷħħɷĻұ鵺ȥĲֻ壬ħ壬ʶɷѾǳӽħħɷ֮ˣҲǱģ˵ּ˵Ѫһұɷɱ䣬ɾħħɷ֮
ħħɷ֮
죬лȻ֪ģӰģֻû뵽ı˵
ǷӺԼлΪܣϾĸǾıԴ֮ͬ˵ħѪһеĶǼ̣ԸΪħһӣѡվһģҲûеħѪˣͬѡ࣬վһ
Ҹôл
Ƚɷ֮ͷųдУٶĶнӰ
лһǻ֮ɷ
ɷĽʵȻܱȵģ⹬ɭɭģˣ裬ǻ֮ɷһ֣ڵ¶ٶ½ʮȣҿд˻
֮ǰ鵺棬лܶͷų֮ɷûʲôرĸо˷ȴǽȻͬ
ɷ֮͸һ˸еɭֲϢ˵Ȼһ˿˿ĵĪо
㿴ɷΣӰ
ͷųŨϢ
һʱ䣬ڷ·𶼳Ϣһ·ܹʮһ㡣
ͬʱٿǻ֮ɷ
ûлĿƣЩΧɷ֮е·ĳʶƵء
ɷγɷħʵӣֻħʵȫӿһɽʷϢһ˫۾˸ޱѪζ·ʱܷķϧһս
лˢһ±վ
ĿĶɷ۶ɵķħʣеѵĻԼĻǱĬ⵽ԵĴ÷
Ĳ˵ɷھۼԹ֮أЩлǲʱ֣Ǻ롣
ɷǾģ˵ǱͨɷҪߣھеľħйصģɷԽ⣬ôȻȻһЩԹ鵺ЩӣвȥҲڻļ󣬿ɶԣӰ˵
лͷȷʵˣֻлǱ̬ٶǰǺԲƵģҲδȥ⡣
ͶˣԹȻȻľۼҲ˵ҲھۼŴԹӰĵµԹɷɵǵħػǿģֻԹɵģҲΨеħܹܣ˼磬Ǵɱʶ֪߷ǳ٣ҲǼ̳һЩм֪ģǡǡԹ޷ɾȴľģ˻˵ѪѾв٣ǲвȥǾͽĿǣÿÿǣͻľң޷սϮɱӰ˵
˵䣬ϵش߶Ϣ
ıλ⹬·֪׵ͷųϢע⹬ڣܿ⹬ڵ֮Ũص˷ǳ˵ĵزҲʹĸӵ䣬䵽棬֮ɷ䵽棬źܴġ
𡫡
лҪæɷΪħɷʱȴ֮ɷһͳ˻Ѹٵʹ۾ֳĹ㡣
һһٸԡ
Ϊǻ֮ɷھȻͷųһ˿
һɴϢ۶ɵɱɵɷзħʵĵƬȴմȾģλ
Ǳע⵽Ƿħʵ۾Ĺٵֻ۾ĵĵطۼĵ۳һΣɢһɫĹȦȥǳĹŹ֣Ҳ÷ħɫĹȦ쳣Ĺ졣
ۣǧۼﵽ˳͵ֻҪṩ㹻Ϣɳµ꣬ôҲ˵ʩչ֮󣬱ȻδȥΪۣ鵺עһ˿㣬ɾۼγ꣬Ϊ׵ģԻγ꣡Ӱ
лȻҲ֪Щ
۸ǽսĳͣĶаļ䣬ս֪ͣĻҪǰı仯ˡ
ṩ֮
ͬҲ˵ľٶǰˣлڲ֪бĨɱȡĿܡ
鵺µĵط
˽ǶȻɡ
лǽ͵꣬ɱ˰ɣ
һֻΪһΪģֻ֮߱ܵɱ¾ʲôöûС
ͷųĨɱһ֮»ɢ
ɷɾħɷл


1324  
ۼ֤֮ɷĿ£лҲʶԼٵΣˣ޷ƵΣա
Ҫ֪һ˲ʼո߸ͽʱ̶ģһʧ䣬е͹ȣɱ˵ʱ񣬳ΪѪɱ˿ħлԲֵĿº
вȻһַŭ֮⡣
ˡӰûм̶ޱ͵ĵ
ǳϢľ滺ǻʹлŭȻɢƽϢȥ
侲
ͬʱлҲûһǷħɷ˸һ˿ŨԹƺҪûӿڣľѾȿսʼĶȻҲһ˿˿ɷ⡣
ҲȻĸľ
лпĵ
ǹԼģҪı仯Ҳȫ֤ԣԳǰȻܹԺӰ죬䵱ͨҲǿƥ
ʼɡӰ
лͷʼǻ֮ɷƳģȻžԵĿȨ
һ䣬ͿǷħѸٵڣɷ֮ƯڿУһźɫ۶ɢ
νħɷǾۼħ֮ɷɱ䣬Ĩȥɷ֮еԹŭȸӰ˵ħ֮ǵħ籾Դ֮֮󣬾һɵģɷͬϣϣɳɾħɷħɷǵħħĶ֮
лԵħħ֪Ŀɲ١
ʵǵħħǾ൱˼˻ʺϹʥʰĴڣһʱֻħ޴ħģΪħɽħϵħ֮䶷սԭеĻϴġ
һȴħɷ
򱻵ħǿ߰㣬ʩչʴ߱˵ħһЩʣͷųϢǴˣһЩħƣħڹڡ
Ũħ˵׾ǵħԪֻ˼ԪЩͬƱһ㡣
ħɷԲࡣ
ҽħɷںϣἤƳķħ֮Ƭӡһиʱ򣬶Ȼ޷Ŵģû֮ĨȥӰ˵
Ĩȥ
леᰡҪĨȥ꣬Ǹ򵥣Ҫ˵ʲôӡĶͲˡ
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Ҳᡣл
ûڸ𣿡Ӱ
лҡҡͷӰûң԰
֪ӰҲû̳ⷽҲģյһЩҸǵΪġ
ɴĨȥħɣлҲԥ˾
ڻԾħǷϵˡӰ
лᣬһһģϾ⻢֮ɷݴ滢֮ģҪ滻ģɷɾħɷͻ˴˻ġ
ȷθ֮󣬵ж
ٿħɷΧȻͬīƷ㣬¡¡͸ɷ֮Уںϡ
ɷ޷Ӧɺܿͷųһ˾ĵԹлоһ˿𾪡
ǣԹȶƽ͵ľܵǿĳҵĲлҲ̵ɷĸĿ£۶ɷħĴں֮£ԹԽԽҲԽԽǿңƺ̼ܵһ㣬Ȼһ˿ĳɳ
߶ħԽԽء
ħҲвͬģոͷųħʣŴۣ޳ЩħԽԽҲԽԽɷٶȼӿ죬̼ɷڵԪأҲǿ
֣Ϻȵ
л̽ץ
ž꣡
𽥱ǿлһץ飬ֻһǵĲ䣬ӡĸҲĨ˽ųɾŵֻʣһ˿ԺԲƵлвҲ㡣
ʧȥ谭ħֱ롣
лĿɷʼҵı仯ÿһֵɷڶͬħںϡ
ħɷ˴˽㡣
ҲͷųһǿȥȻлɬﴫ㿴ħɷҵŤţϵѹš
Լ߷֮߱㳹׵ںϡ
ûħɷָоڵġ
ħɷ
νħɷǼħɷͬص㣬ħֻǴԪһֱɵģʺϵħʵһִڣɷǾǿҹԵģ߽ϣŵۼ˹ԡ
лƾŶɷĿƣħɷȻҲƿ
һ֣ħɷۼУ䣬ħɷڽʮΣԼϢԼͨ
ʩչʥ
γɽӣн̾ᣬл½ħɷ룬ħɷγɷħʵӡ
ԭɷ۵ķħڽֻ֮ƫһ磬޵λԣʱħɷ۵ķħʾȻռݷΧһЩͱȻ걻ħɷֲһ˿
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ӰǽĶУɷתĶܳɹĶġ
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ӦòᡣӰ
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лһƽľʼԼĶ
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1325  
ת䳬˳
ʼգûгһ⣬ҲлǳһҲ֮ˣԭģǾһֱֻΪħħӵеħѪо޴İ˼һӰ죬ڿôһ¡
ħҲǿΪԪġ
ͬħѪ˿ͨħҲͨ˼Ԫһĵ˸ûʲôӰ졣
ħת룬ΣգΪʳƷ
ΨһǣտʼǢʱ򣬶ħŷǳĵֿǵл䲻ȥħԿ֮һħڣõ˶Ͽһ㡣
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б仯Ӱ
Слջ徭ڣеı仯޵ûʲôʵʵı仯ȴЩ仯ˡ
ܣҲǺɫɢޱ鰸
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֮࣬ҲʺϳΪ˰ɣְɡлЦĹͣȻҪһĻᡣ
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лǰǣʥ˲Ӱһ·ɱ
վʥǱѩѦǿлˣвɵһĸоҽлһ
ͷճѦǿ͸еһ˿ƣֹôðĸоأƾʲô


1326  Ǵħһ
ķˡ
峤غʹǶͨսʼǿܱģǵǿ˿ɵһ̱㽫ǰص谭ˣбǼеսǳɱĸͣµĻǰΪһС϶ɵһһԶľͽ˼ɱ䣬赲
Ǳһ·ɱ
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ռռ˲һ㣬л˻ע֮£ƾʧӰ١
󣡡
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лһ·ɱԭ־ŸεĳʱЩɢˣѾɱһࡣ
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ʥлĿӹѦǿǸߴ׵ʥ档
ʥͨų鶯Ϣָ˸ŵĹΣһ˿ľ
Ծߣ·һģ͸һѹ
վʥѦǿȻվͬƳ
һսˣ


1327  Ǵħ
˵ƶͷ˳
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һ²ʵٰѦǿ
лԣɱû⡣
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ȥԶڣδлľɵյ֮£˸ĺ⡣
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лһЦѦǿĹһ⣬ֱӳʥҪݻ١
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ѦǿֻΡ
Ϊ˻ɱģ˭Ҳû뵽һǿƵлȻܷ񣬳ʥ
ҲѦǿһҲлΪˣһ͹òǵĿľҪݻʥɣѵʥʲôİɣȻлΪѡ񣬷ĿлɱԼսʣʵԼҲԲٵģô潻涼ңΨʥڰ
뵽ѦǿǿжΣתǰȥɱл
лһЦٶȻޡ
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һȭػڱѩ棬ǿȥ㵯Ѧǿǰ档
ǿǰһʹ·𶼱ˣһҵķһѪӿǿűסû³ȴ޷סΣ󵹷ɳȥ

лٿһʮ׵ľһȭͷٶȾһȭĿıǲϢĻᣬľǿ죬ǲҪκһ˿ʱ䣬ֱʩչľƶն
һȭȥͬһѷ񵶳

һȭػ棬ĲѣͬѦǿٵĵˣ𶯵ҲԱסһѪſڱȥ
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лĲȻѦǿԶľˡ
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һʩչ䱳ռһŤűʮս𣬽Ҿƣ·裬ΰ׳ۡ
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Ѧǿιѣҽһεĵɳȥ
һʼͱлѹȵһηȫĻᶼûУôĽڽڰˡ
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лһо룬ֱӵ˵еѦǿǰƽУֱץѦǿǰء

Ѧǿйлʤ¼ʤ񱻴ǱȻУۿлŭģ֮£˵ӽȻ۹䶷ǰֵһ
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ѦǿԲԼͷβлսȻֵĻᶼûУ㱻ɱ
ŲʣѦǿʬӸ߿׹ȥ
岽ɱѦǿ


1328  ȡ
𺳣𺳻𺳡
һˣǰһĻˣ˶֪ѦǿʵֳǿˣǼ峤ҲδаմҪ˵ɱˡ
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ʱΣֳв֪˶λڣ˵ұ˴˶ֲ٣лսǿһЩԶûн˦ļ󣬶Ǿ࣬ҪȸʥڵĶһЩʱλв걲ﵽʮġ
أ
лȻվۣ֮ħһ㣬ٿȥ׹ս۷弶Ѧǿʬס
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ͬˣ۷壬ԶԶ˦
أ
Ѧǿʬأҵĵ淢춯
Ҳб𺳵ǣžȻû˶׷׵Ӵܣû˸ͣֻһͷǱӣԶԶ뿪ñɱ
Ҳչ׷ɱ
ɱ¾ٴݡ
ǡ
ʱһ춯лüëһȴһݵӲ֪ʱʥ棬ȻγɵҪߡ
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ǰӸ߲һ壬֮ǰͷһԼİӣȻԼɵ
ģû޴ġ
ಣ
ǰӿлЦЦĿɵɫ΢䣬ӳݵسǾٶȣһ㣬ֱӱȺУٵķӡ
ٶȲ
˵ٶȣл֪ⰫӸڶȡԼɵҲԭģ͵ٶȶԣѦǿҪѷɫһЩóٶȵġ
лȻһЦʩչٶȳȥ
ٶһʩչһ㣬˲Ϣ㽫˵ľʮ֮ڣܿԷϵĺëˡ
˻ͷһŵð
ŵٶлǰĲֵһᣬ֮ǰл͹ͷ󺺣ɵĴԽȥͺǲɵҲлٶҲǿû뵽ƴࡣ
㣡һɵһٶȸӴܡ
лһһΣ㽫ȥɵץסͬʱ˳һնȥ
񵶣Ҫе
Ҫɱң֪ӸоǾһ̺ŵȻ޷֮ģ֮࣬ҲǽŵĲˡ

лûյҲ浶ǰﰫǰɵڴ˵֣ɭĵ͸е
ŵ˫Ŀա
ȷû֮۾һ֪
ʲôл
ӿҡ
лڰӼһƣؿռһת밫ӵڣ䶷˿ͬһ㣬޷ٲٿԼĶս
ؿռӺһһ
¶֮ɫ
ʥ˵زûʲôˣлȻ˵ɣ֪ʲôƭңߺߣҾͽ㽻壬ĥ˷ַܶ࣬Ƕĥ
ڱһ꣬ƿأ˵ʳİ
ûҵİ취ȴκ嶼
Ҫ˵ĥ꣬ǶǶԣǾ֮Ͱˡ
ңң˵Ŀ϶ġ˵ǺڵҪ޲õԼ²Ÿģû¶Ҫ԰ʲôٶȣڿɺãлץסˣܻܲ˵أǼ峤Ҳץס
лȤĿʲô֣ĸ塣
ҽпУˡӵ
ˣл´ʲô˵ص㣬ͨ졣
ƺ֪л룬˵˺ɽ˵ĺԲû˵Щòص㣬ˮҲǺǿ
ɽ˵ѪãȻк˶ˮлɽЩӡ󣬲壬ֻһЩסɽе˰ɡ
Ϊأл
Ƿǰģ˵ܹ˺죬ˡлش
лü˵ϸ㡣
˵һ𣬵Ҳ̫ѵ顣
Ҫ˵ǿɾͲʲôͨİˣҪ֪ǵ𣬾ζ۰˼ĺ塣
вֹϣݲȱȫԣİлҲֻ֪һ۵СˣڵСǿ٣˿ٵʱȱ˶Լ壬ȴڵֻ֮ö̶̰ʱ䣬Ϊʱǿ֮һ˵
ԴӴ˿лʼչע
˫ǵˣץУҲսʵݣȻôϸĻشԼ⡣
ôţôòôһ¶
лֹϺޱ飬ԽϸԽã⣬뿪Ҳʲô⡣
ǣǣһ֪Ķ˵е
ʱҲǰ˵һü޹սʣ״μ
˵һֱкֻʼûдյЭ飬ԼΪھ˱ѩ塢ҵȵλͬ
ҵ𣿡л
ҵˣֻǻδƽµûȥ˵
л
еҿԸǣӦŹҡ
л٣ô鷳ѯˣҲ֪٣ֱӶȡļɣҲûô鷳
ð취лһͷ
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װɵ£ҿûķ¡л治֪Ȼܹȡ䣬Ҫ֪ˣαô鷳
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˶û˵ֱ̧㽫и˹ȥͿְ̽ڿеüģƱ㷢һĨĺɫΣеͷƺģҽС
лһԹۡ
ûã˱ջơ
ĶͷҲǺˮȡͬ׸ֵļ䣬ɲô򵥵ģˮ˵л٣ļҶȡˡ
Ҳĺܴ󣬺ȵξơлóһƿξƵݸȡ䣬ѧѶ𣿡
취е
˵ǸǼƳģ޷ѧġ
лһеʧˣ˵˵ȡʲô䡣
˵ȷ֪İлץס֮󣬾Ϳʼ취ѣǰ˵ģǲߣлҲΣˡɫصĵ
ŶлȻ
˵أһЩսǣһַõɽ˵İ棬Ǳһֱ̽飬ֻǸЩӵ̽飬ֵķһִĶֻҪѪſԣǱһֱû뵽취Ǹһ󣬽һЩ͵ǣҪǱ߱սоһ£ڴͲһɳͣȻƭлٹȥǿд߶Ȼһķձ͵δ֪ĵطǳɹ͵ǵĿԸ󡣡
л۶ǻԵĿУһﻹǽƻץ֮󣬱ܿٵ뵽취Ҫˣ˶ȡ䣬ĻᱻҲһⲻɵüлɱ
л٣ҰɣҿԶ꣬Ϊŵˣڲ˵
лһ꣬ƿ


1329  ȭ׻ָ
л⣬˸˿϶Ĵ𸴣Կ꣬ǻзǳ̵Ǽˣÿ˶ܿһ˵꣬Ҳֻܿһˣһʵ൱ҪģʵߵģǾ޷ˡ
һҲðлϲ
һֱһ⣬ζԴſռڵɽ
ǿһ൱ǿɽΪʯ۵ıѣһЩɱģһЩ޳ܵͽʧи֮һңȻ֮ЩĻŴôġ
ֻҪǣʵ̫ˡ
ɽڿвٵѪԺӣҪǳܣлһֱ룬ǽɽл꣬ɽϵ̸֣Դſռɽ
Ϊֹû뵽취
⼫Ȼ˶˵ģһ˿һ˵ꡣ
ǿüƿɽ
ã̫ˡлЦǼ屻ɽñ꣬ǴڿʼǼɽɣǲǽзˮת굽ҼҰ
һҲǴϲ
ǼһľǽвڶǱɽһѩĳ衣
лٷԸҼ嶨ȫԸ˼ĵ
ãôˡлЦ⿨аɣҴɽҶҡ
һ־ϲ
Ȼ֪ҶңǾ͵ڣɽ֮ϣʵʵƿˣлΡ
ѡɽҶңлһ塣
˽Ӵ࣬ȴ֪˷ǳ򵥣ǻۺܸߣƿɽ峤ΪʥǸָȻܹɽ½ǿϼ֧֣ȫ칬Կĵز
Բȥ칬в
оۣǼ峤ؿҶңβ⣬峤ʱҲ壬񱱺ʥصǸΪ鵺ȻһЩĿڣҲҪܵ⡣
лٿˣҷģһлʧģ˼ĵǼ嶼һǾǽͷȥΪ˼һ壬ȴΪɽԭӲǴû˵ı꣬Ϳȥһˡ
лЦ鱨Ͳˣ㴦ɽ⣬һΪʥǷ渺鱨ܸ˵ġ
л٣˼еˡ
ʥ鱨ܸˣ˵󣬿ʥ߲㣬ĵȨ֮һʾǼΡ
лЦ£û̫⡣
ϾԵʣͲܱѵģҪ˵ˡ
ˣ˵˵зֵɡлЦ
˸ҪڣȭڵĿ޻˳ˣȻٵʥɡ
ſ޻ڴ˸еЩãȻ
лȴЦãȻٵʥ
֮ǰ޻ֱǰץģֻҪõһ֮üȭ׻ָȵĽ֪֮ʧ־ǲġ
׿ʥлʥȫһҲ˶٣Ҫٵˣϣȥмս
˴Ӧһȥˡ
һ
ȫսʼлжϹܹ߽սʵˣʥӦò⡣
ˣŲ˵ҲбսǶҪʥˣôûκξٶأ޻굣ǵĵ
޻ɹǵӣлȻʧЦȻǣԼռʱǻûʧ˭޷ƽͰ޻ҲⰡ
϶ǱЩ˸µİ취ֹ뿪ȻĻǷﵷңȡܣô޶ԡлЦȻ˱֪ˡ
ϣˣϣˡ޻ֹ
˷ܵĿʥ
ӡһЩ֮ȷЩ˵лʥҲЩ֣ΪʲôҪʥڷӡ֮أ
һ
лƲѡ
ܿ죬˱㽫ǰսʼǿ߶ۼʮˣгȴ峤Ĳ׷ɱˣĶˡ
λ֣һʥл˵
Щսж
Ƿ׷վλá
лվһԹɲǵȥĹ۲Щ˵ãӶҪεһ
˷ٶԴΪס
𣡡
˵ͺȵ
սʷ׷׵ĽбǵĶһ£л֣վλãƺҲЩ֮ǰЩϵλãƺһ״
ǵıл֣ǵ϶һɭĺ⣬ÿ˵һֵĺɫ亮âţұ˴˼ƺЩϵͨƺڽĳںϡ
Ȼȫ
ǵ뿪Լһ׵λãԶתƷͳͳ˷Ľоۼȥ
лܹԵĸоһǣƺҲ뼫ĳֹϵҲоá
սʵۼһ𣬵ʱ㻯һа׳ʮ׿ĳ޴󽣹⣬ʥصն¡
ݣ
¡
ƺܵƵأʥġֶ˸ɵĹΣһεĸоųһĨεľĲ
⾫ȴ޷ǿֲ
䣡
ǾĽ֮£ʥһնơ
Уʥѡ
ʯҷɣߴ׵ʥɽȥʯ飬ݳһСɽˡ
λãԼʮ׵λãȴһӰ˸ţ£˸ɭĺâ
𣡡
׼õĿ޻꿴ǹӰʾһ漴˷ܵزлֱӿƼȭ״лȭͷ֮ȥֱȥ
лҲЩ
ǾȻǴı֮һ񽣣
ȻͣȻĴʥѾ𣬵ҲûɢȻŽ״ֻǲ˼¡
̥˿Ҳǳ𾪡
Ǳ֮۶ɵĽ̥˵񽣵ĸڣֻҪһڣ̱ɽǰ񽣸ɾսʼ
۳ɽ̥Ҫٵı֮ҪѾʱ䣬ܹƳ
Ҳѹֿ޻˷ܡ
ɵ֮ȫԻָܹԭ۷ļٶﵽƷսʼĵز
޻ٿżȭֱײ뽣̥ڡ
ǽ̥ѣı֮޻Ƽȭͳͳɽȥ̼䣬ȭƴ䡣


1330  һ
õ㹻ı֮ȭױȫָָͲԶˣ˷һ㣬ָսʼľ磬ųսǿƣ춯أѹб춯ϵز·ڿ־壬ڳ
սơ
лҲоȭ׵ı仯
ܹȫӳԿɵս϶ɷ֮߰˳ɵǾǼȭ׺Ͷɷ֮սǿһ϶أأ
Խսƺˡ
лԽԽ˷ܣҪһĽսʼǿ̽һԼս١
ܹɵĻɱս۷弶Ѧǿзӵã˵лսŷǳİٴλһսƺͨĽսʼǿһսս۷弶ǶְɣҲȫӭսͨĽսǿ߶·硣
ڴ
żȭ׵ı仯л˵˷ܡ
ѹеǷݼĿ򣬵ЩսǳңϾʥǹغŶĶƣĸڡ
ɽȴǲûбսǳ֡
ϣȡĿмУսʣΣлԴ˵
˵лٿǵң
лͷ
лپܷģǲҵġЦֻʣĸˣǾŽսʼġ
ǾŽսʼ
лüëһǲһĸʮսʼû֮ǰ˼ģΣ
ǵгһǳʮսʼʱ򣬳˲ò⣬˾ͷϣͨѰģҶȡļ䣬Ƿ뵽ǿܻᷴǰһ󷨣ǸоЦ
лŰģԾЩġ
ʥݻ٣Ӧòܿ˰ɡ
ǵʱ򣬾ͿʥһٶԶĵطؿʼѣʼҡһþ޴а֮ߵľӰ棬ӣıֻһҰˡ
汾Դ֮Ӱ
лҲ룬Լõ汾Դ֮ͳȥ
һɫĹ߰Ĵڡ
ȻС٣ǷУڶǳŨϢѹǹɱ¾ɵѪɺӵϢ
ߣЩˣһϢļ֣ǱԴ֮߷ӶȻһĶָʱлʶһ߱Դ֮Զô򵥣ֻƺô
ˢ
һɫıԴ֮㱻ɡ
䡭
ţ·ܵĳĲһ㣬ˣ𶯵ҡΡ

ʱŵһֳ
壡
͸ɭɭɱ⣬֮ϴ
ˡ
û˿ӰֻǸоһӴ˶һ·ĸоͷ㷲
лĸоıӦѾ֪õʲôֶΣɵ˺Ƶơ
أ
һ촫
ͿԶһ¹죬¹ӵ˵棬Ӱӵ¹ڳ彫
ǱĴŽսʼǿߡ
һŽսһ۱㿴ı壬ȻŤͷȥȻʥȻٵ
壬壡
ŭ쳹
Ȼûк춯أûѣֻϵ˸оϢƣ·𺮶һ㡣
űǺɫĴŽսʸͬǵ¹洫ŭĺУźǿǸûȶĴŽսηʵʮսʼ̼ͱĨɱ
һбָƽ
Ҫչ꣡һ仰ʧӰˡ
ӿʼڣʹûмӣ㽫µĸսʸɱˣȻѸٵȥ
·ʲôûзһ
лѾױƻĵ¹ľ߸ʬȻǵ
꣬ԾûлĿܡ
л𺳵Ļʵ
ʮսʼֱ޷ݣֻһһ㽫ĴŽսʼǿ߸ɱˣ˷ӲȫҲȷǿֲʾΪʲôŽսʳУʮսȴǼˣһ磬ȴ֮
л٣ѾˣܻЩ֮ġ˵˵
лһ֣ȥ鿴һ°ɡ
˴ӦһµһЩ
лվûڹ۲ȭףѾָļȭףûͣɱ֮
ҪƷġ
ͺͬΪģǲȴܴЩͨڼƷǰͲĺԶṩ˵սҲ𣬶ɵǸеٮٮߣжԾУռ˵ġ
˿̼ȭڽɱ䡣
ı仯Ƿǳɹ۵ģһɣǼƷսʼˣǷ˼綼ܹϺŵı
ȭ׾Լ
뵽ȭױԵģ״ɣһѣϣԼİжлȷˡ
𣡡
һ˷ܵ˻ӿ޻Ŀз
еı֮ȭɣųĿĹʣ·⸲档
ֻлȴоսʼеķ֮ˣ·豹棬Ƶء
޻Ƽȭ׷ɻлС
ˡ޻˷ܵص
лץסȭףƺȭ׻δɣԷˣ
Ҵڿʼֱȭȫɱ֮޷κǴ߶Щħ츳Ҳˡ޻˵
ȭҪһʱָܹлˣƺԼ׺Һ̬޷ʹ֮ȭҲҪʱ޷ˡ
޻شǻָѾȫָˣǽףսʼҲǷּģ֮ǰļȭֻͨսʼˣڵõı֮Ѿ˳ΪƷսʼҪһҵʱܹɽףڴڼ䣬ҵҲܵȫơ
лһ͸еģҲеơ
ĵǼȭ׽ף˵Ƿǳġ
ƵǣƺԼܹõڼ٣ȭײãԣûʲôӰ죬ӵɵ֣û׵֧֣ʹüȭҲ޷ӳԲ⣬ǿ޻ꡣ
лԣѾһˣԼܹĸԭ
Ϊ޻ܹ߶Ԫ޻츳Կ԰л֤ٶʼոǰ˷һһʱ޷ʩչǾζһ֮ڣٶȽ֮ǰҪһЩ
ڴﵽսʼߴǧϵлԣһͬһգ۰㣬У˵һ꣬һ춼Ĳġ
ǰı仯ȴû취
˲صġ޻֪лĵʲôȭ׻ָұܹȫʱ߶Ԫ޵츳Ҳ࣬ʱֻһɵһĿޣԶԣȭ׽ף˰ġ
лͷ㽫ȭؼȭף
ҽȥֻˡ޻
Ǿʹɵڰɡл֪޻зǳ֪ʶдɺĴм䣬֪һжԼźܶİ
޻ľɵڡ
лǱϵĹȥ
δԶԶͿ˷ܵƺʲô


1331  
һܹǶ˵İȻŷǳشĶǾԲ˽Դġ
л˷ܵӣҲ֪Ȼ֣ӭȥЦеĵǷʲô
л٣˫˼ضû˴ϵҲȫ˼Ŀ⡣
Խ˱֣Խ˶ν롣
˫ĸֿɲʲôƷܹʹõģΪ֮ҲƷеļƷˡ
ʲôܹʸΪ˫
˽еһݾύл
һ
л۾ʱĿĹ⻪һڸɬҺȻǾ˫
ʲô޻궼˳Ƕ¶ȤĽӥҲðˡ
лûˣݣ˭
ֻһˣҷ֮󣬾ˡ˻ش
ãһҪܣ˲峤ɸκˣǵ鷳л
ĵлٷģԲ֪ġ
лֽռָ
ǱǱٵĹȥ
ˣʲôѽ޻׷ʵ
л֮֮
𣡡
˻
⻰һڣ޻ͽӥͬʱһ춯ص˻𶯵˶Ϊ֮Ŀǡ
֮ԣ
ؼǣսʼ֮٣ƿûмһӵսôսܹġ
޷ɾսʼִģҲսģǴģ֣ʥǵ൱һصսʴ˾β˫أ
дս
㡣лǴȥȻǳķġ
޻˷ܵĵ֮֮
ǽӥ궼¶˷֮ɫ
˸ʲôǶûá޻ŤͷԽӥ˵
Ϊʲôûáӥ
޻Ϊɵ;߱һлһףǾսʼеߣ֮ʹþ˷ѡ
޻곳Žɵ
һڣҲҵˡ
лǣ֪֮ƷҲʹ޵ڴ
ѹܹñ֮۳ɽ̥ȻƱ֮İ취
˱ǱݻٵĹ
汻ݻˣﻹһЩʩƺصرģŶģƷģû⵽˿ƻ
ĸֶĵطչѰֻطδ룬ȻصطԸġ
л٣صرģһҵǸᣬĶǶģĶʶû˽ȥҶ˵˵
лͷ˵ı൱⡣
дžķڡ
һӶǾᣬҶ־бģֹʱ̫ñٻ
л㷭һ顣
жӶ࣬һЩ֮ģһ漰ܶлһЩȤЩ뼫˵ЩȵģлУʵ᲻Ȥûʱ˷Щ档
˷ڵľᣬѡһЩߵľᣬĶ㶼崦ˡ
߼ԸʥǸոսʦѧϰ
Դ֮ѪӡƻʦְҵѸٵķչ׳ǵõµΪʥǷ档
ĶΪ׼ģλһʦҶ֮󣬶ĳţҪľĶ͵Ķ
л˱תڵķ⡣
Žա
澲ĵģûһ˿Ϣ
лţһ˿ķ֮ͨ͸
ǰǶսʣǶĸ֪ν쳣񣬵һʱ²⵽ܴڵĶˡ
֨֨
һţſ
ҵķ֮ʱӷڴݳ
ݣ
иһ֮⻯һεĽлĶ߷ӶնļͷƮ䡣
л˵ͫһ
ӳǱ
жʮеǹͣе࣬ռݰ˳ңмǹͳꪡ
ҪôǽϣҪôǽϣҪôǶѵģҪôһ¯ڣ˾ǣ¯Ѿȥ֮ˣĻȻûϨлɨһۣ϶
мƷ
࣬ͻ𼶱𣬴ﵽ𾳽ģ֮١
֪ļôܵ͵ˣлӴʦл֪ĻͼҲǺɵͬģֻҪ֮ѪӡӰ죬ôȻƳͨսʼġ
֮⣬ڿлһֵĽӰ
л˶Ӱš
ľ쵽ſŵʱ򣬹ǵľӰ⽣Ӱƺʵô򵥡
ö
ǲʶûʶġ
޻Ҳʱ򷢻ӳˣһ±ɵڱĳ۶ǽӰһ˿̰
֪ʲôл꣬Ȼס۱ſ޻꣬һԺ飿
鲻޻𣿡˲ĵ
л鲢ֻ޻꣬ǰɣ
޻Ц˹ȻûӦϡеһ飬Ҳ˵µһˡ
Ȼˡ
޻飬л뵽ܹΪ֮飬Ϊʲô⽣ӰأԶ׼ƱĵطҴӵõı֮Ҳã֮֮Ҳãһ㣬Ǿڱ˽̶ȣǳģҲǿԵġ
˲⣬л͵սʼ鲢һҪ޻ֻ꣬ƷҪǳĿ̣Ҫﵽ̫ˣɲûУһܹﵽģǶǼƷսʼ˽ӰӦþƳģʥڵı֮۳˽̥һڣȻԴʹǱΪƷսʼȱһ飬޻ΪĻͨ޻϶޷ﵽ˽սʣŽսʼħޱͺѰңҪ˵ɱˣ鶨ȻԼ׼ġ
̥֮Ϊ飬ЩĲϣҪ޻ĵ
˵ʲôлĸС
޻һɣǿҪһѵһս
лΪ˵
֪ȭ׼ȡı֮Ȼɾͽ̥Ƿͨڣɱ䣬Ϊսģǿƣ϶Լսģô֮󣬱ǼƷսʱ飬սʱڼƷսʱڶǰνģԱ˽񣬺ѽǲᴴԽƷսʱĴڣпΪһһսʱġ޻˵
һ˵лõҲпܡ
һһ޵ĶԻ˲׹ԼĹªˡ
л飬Ȼģò˼飬һֱ޻ɶ˵ˣ޻УȻɵģΪƳǰƫƫͳôһ飬°ֹͣȻƳ飬ôʷôС˼ƺҲûרŶﵽ˵ز尡


1332  
лɻĻ˵յ鱨ûֻһǳ۵С壬ʵҲһ㣬ǺȴͻȻǿģȻйɸݵʾڷ֮ǰѾʼֳǿƣƺʱ˿ʵģҺܻݣֻǾ̫Զ޴Ӳ𣬿ἰһ仰ǹġ
ôл
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лͷһ
˵гޣӶἰ˼ĸ֣ǿɾͲһ˼ˡ
ϣˣеĵطҼһ飬ҪŹκεطɵĵطл
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ֻʣл
ǿ޻ҲƯǰ۾ֱĶ齣Ӱлп̰η塣
̰ýηô£
޻ǻָ۷İ˽սʼĴڣΪȭ׽ףڰҲûУҲ˭ɱģȻη塣
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ٺ٣˽ҡ޻Ц˵
лûдԣͶǲ˸ĽӰ֪Ϊʲô⽣ӰȻһĪѹ·ܹѹһ㣬еЩĪķС
޻˵ʵսʼǱյ㣬ͬʮսʼϻܴڳҵľһֻͬһ㣬ʷϿʮսʼģֻаǰֹһˣҲûȷʵļأǷĿûܹȷеĴ𰸣ͬģҲһ˵սʼҲһȼʲôֻ֪֪Ӧġ
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ӹɵġ
˵˴𰸣ǶлҲȷ˵ˣˣ϶ѾʮսʼˣƻԴ֮ĸԭҪͻʮսʼľ磬ﵽҵĵز
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ԣǾյɡ
ļƺҲӦླģʲôսǶӦླġ
㻹֪ʲôЩǴģлʵ
޻ǵȭױͶ¯ƳսʱҴ¯ڶȡһЩǵļƬΣоɻ޲лµһЩм䣬Ҳ漰ǷǳǵһСƬΡ֮󣬼˵ҹƺɻ޵ĴмеһƬеơ
һ£лƬδҡ
޻굱ɻ޵ĴмƬδллһģĻ档
Ӧɻǰĳпһսоһʩչıݻ٣Ĩɱ֣Ȼлǰ齣ӰȻһ޶ӡ
Ȼ飬֮ɷǿʵлʵ
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Цһ޻¾ǾŽսʼ޻ҲЧɵ֮󣬽ӥԡ
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лʦĽȻǷˡлЦ
ȴǸпѣƸлʦδԼʵڰгֵģɵǶС
Ȼɵ޻Ƴ磬лҲ뿴֮󣬵ôӡ
տ޻˵ûʲôܹõ齣ӰϿɡ
ôأ
л齣Ӱ˱ѵӵ
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лʲô취
޻еԥĵҸҲһʱˣҲἰһЩˣҲһЩʥǵˣҷ֣ܹ齣Ӱģֻһ˿Բſġ
һˣлԺӹӰ̶һˣ裿
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лͷһ𣬵
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лһ
ǷˣԴӵڶ뿪ʹʥƷƺȻĽһֽףĹУֻԼ
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κ飬еʧġ
㽫ɵ׳
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齣ӰǿϾûмĴıﱻ֮߸֮ãڿ޻ͽӥ˫в֮£ܿ㱻ɵڡ
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Ψһϧǣ⽣ӰȽ⣬ԴɵҪʩչҪȴͳȥſԡ
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׽ף˯Һ̬ף˯ȭ׽ף˯ɵ۷潣Ӱ飬ʹá
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л鿴ⷿڵĵǹꪡ
ʮȫǲзƷݿ޻ԣЩӦö齣ӰģֻǼ̫޷ܣٵˣҲʥıˣлıȤһ˫ȭͷܴܶԳʥȤͳͳ͸壬ܻһ󷽵ĺ
߳ⷿ䣬ȻϹ
Ըȥȫ淭ңҪͬлǰȥ֮˷ֵĲܵĵط
ǵｫһʱڣʼûнνһɽ˵İС


1333  ɷ֮סһ
ɽǰһЩ˸ŵεεԱһδɵ󷨣Ǿǿ׼л͵ǵڣѾ׻ٵˣҵ취͹
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лǿд򿪣ҳſһ˲䣬ȥ
ɣл̫Σˡ˵
޷лֵطӦڣδʲôǿĴڣеĻô֣ܲɲŹһǿߵġ
˵Ҳ˵ʲô
лˣ˵սʡ
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Ƿǵػ֮£ûеֿ̱㱬ˣлѵһ˲䣬
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ͬлһȥ˾ȻûܷӦǸոȻٶȻָ̬
˰̾һడ
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л߶ʥȫųһĨ⣬ɽյҲķнӸ֣ȴδĳֻҪΣһǷ̴ﵽ۷塣
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ǵһûκα֡
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ǿ֮һ
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˵еϵıٷ֮ʮǳֱʣҲλġ
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ˣϹʱµģӦͨµģûʲôлɽڡ޻˵
лͷûвлػĻǰȫĺܡ
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첽ǰԼнʮףǰȻʡ
ӳıţÿһŶһ˿˿ƾлеıԴ֮Ϥ̶ȣֻһۣɶ϶ЩŶ籾Դ֮ȥġ
籾Դ֮Ķ磬Ǿ֧ĸ֮һȻ˵ˣնл˼Ҫʹλ֮ˣͻʮսʼΪģҲ˰Ȼ˷ѵдš
Ҫ֪籾Դ֮ɲ࣬µĲֻҪ֧磬ɢĶȻǷǳٵһ֡
леۣʾһЩŴʥȻҲռһ֣άıԴ֮׻ж١
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ޱȣȫΪ֮
ͬħħһ㣬֮ҲǼӿ֮һԪѣ˵׶˼Ԫ仯ɵġ
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˵˼ǣı޻
лǷı˵ֱңܿܺͶ˵˼ıϵ粽ǰȥһУ֮ҲлۼǽҲȫתʹռڵ֮쳣Ũ񣬡֮ɷ֮Ȼۼȡе籾Դ֮˾ıйأȻá
̤ǰ
֮Źԣлԣȴ޹ԭлɱ֮ΪƳģ֮ʶ֮ûжչ
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֮ͬ۶ɢһƨλãвΧΣδʲôſʼ֮
֮뵱ħһĴɷ֮⵽ǳų⣬ɵлſ֮󣬴̷˱仯֮תлľڣ붷ɷ֮ϡ
лΪͬħ룬ɶɷ֮һ㣬ʲô⣬֪֮壬̷˾ޱ䡣


1334  ɷ֮ס
֮ͺǹԱлĶɷ֮ڻţлɵıѹƵ붷ɷ֮ںϣһжǳ˳
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ʥڴΧ֮ڣҴﵽ˼Ĵӷĵز
Ƕɷ֮Ҳ侭еһ˿˿΢ʹжѡ
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лͺץġ
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ͬʱҲǰлһϢ
ɽлˣ


1335  عɽ
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ˡ
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ڵھʱ޸ǽһδݵĴ󣬿ԷؾڣȻ󣬿л䰲ھ˼˱ɴĴ͹ȥ
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лµǸأ㱬ˣ׵ıݻ٣ɽлƺõģֹͨʶֻһδֻһˡ

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ֻҪʮռʯУǱݡ
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л״ɣ޻ԣҲ᲻Ȥ
ڹھ죬̬״̬Լﵽ۷壬ŴӾ߳ȥ
ǸĿռС磬ɽл꣬ȻռСҲǺȹ̣ؿռлԣѹв
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Ҳÿ춼һΰô࣬Ҿڵµ޷ʩչˡɭ
ʮɫ˽ƶļƻҲӣ
̧֮̽ǽɭ¶ˬ֮ɫȴҲ˵ʲôƯһ䣬һɫĹδų

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лԣһջϾҲԵģֻӵףˣҵ磬ǵͼò󣬸Ҫ˵ˡ
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أȷǿԶʩչ
ֻлڵʵҪɲǵ׷ɱһսˡ
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ʩչϣɭϵϢԴȼˣͷǳϡ٣Ҳߣ˲ϵʩչɢڵġ
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ʩչһɫ͸Ϣģһֹ𣬴˵͸£ϣ˳׷ƽ֮лʧЧǽɭÿһΣΧѾױĿˣҲʮϵĽ̶ˡ
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϶ڣʮϼᶨ˵ϱлµ˺Ѿʧ˶÷ǳ䣬Ǿǳ裬ԶĨȥĳ裬лϴˢݳ衣
յǲ̫ڸ߹лˣʮ϶˵ˣлһսʼǽɽصĵطżĹҾͲܹͻƣսʶ췽ҹ̷ܹǹвҪĸǰ˵ʲôԵĻҪǲס
ʮϵĵôԭֻҪķԸ±ɣľͲҪˡ
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ϸһ룬лˡ
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лԳԽ䶯֣̫ľ磬ҪԼٶȼһЩİɡ
л뵽һЦɫ񵤵ռã䷢ӳˡ
ۿĴսʣ뵽˷ҪѰʮռʯ󣬱㲻ٶأ˳


1336  ս䡾һ
žʵлȻκεģʮˣûеģеֻһ˿˷ܣѵ˵˷ܣ֮ǰЩ׷ϴıĿС
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лվûпͷųԼǿƣûչԼȴһָɽֹĸо·һɽεѹѹϵģ͸˸оƺЩ仯ˡ
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ڰȥˡʮĶл˸ɭɭĺâɱء
أɭ͵˷ܣ֪л֮ķ͵ģΪ֮ġ
ʮϣ尾лЦ
Ȼ˼尾ȴʥ֮ǰ㣬ȴ޷ϢʮЦѾھе϶ҳˣлһЩɽ˶֪ϣ˵Σأɽ֮ˣ棬ڿȥƽǱƳİɡ
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ˣɽڱѵ˿Ǻܲˡ
㲻Слָҡһ£֮顣
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ŭıȥ
лʳָɱ㣬ֻһָԣ
һս۷弶ֱΪƾԼͷųǿƣܹлģȻ˵һӵĻˣڱŭȫž˵ͬΪµĴɣɱȥ
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һָĻҪзඡսʽɭЦĵ
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ˣ
һƵ춯
ȭͷһѪ⣬ǴѪĹǵִһս۷弶ǿߵĲҽгӦѪɫ㽫䲱Ӷһһսʼǿǰ
һսʸû뵽лһָȻ˹˵һָ϶ͬ飬æ֮£æýǰбȥ

һȥײһָķâŴ˾͸еһᣬȴǽȻָನײˣҼ硣
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սû˵Ҽ磬ʹƺһ˿ڣɫ¶ʹ֮ɫһƨڵϡ
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ŵĽһӻعž˶ַŵĶеϹЦݣӲϣеָл˵ЦҲסˡ
Ψһս۷弶ǿߣлſԣȴеʶһƬڰûϢʬҲȥ
ˣ
ʬڵϡ


1337  ս䡾
һָɱһս۷弶ǿߣл൱⣬սһȫµʶսƺҪǿһЩ
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֮ͬ£ָսûκζӴıԣ۶֣ȴƣﵽ۷壬ʩչȭͷʩչߵĲԶ׼лֻս
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лЩܡ
սǿߣĽǿߵսҲֻʵˣĽս۷弶ıʵɡ
˵㣬лĽս۷弶µǿߣƺûпܵģ϶ʤ͸ˡ
׵ĸлԽսˡ
ĽսʼΪǾ޷Խսľ磬лȻӵԽսʱЩ˯УٶսĴء

лԽԽ˷ܣ̲סЦ
һɱһսʼɵıޱȵЧ˷ЦʶſԸ񣬷·Ƕڳ˵ӣʱŭ
ˣл˭ս죬ָһ˵ȣл˵ս

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һŭͬһͷͻ˻͸һĪѹѹǹ˷ŭһԼһ׾ҵıδ󺺴Ⱥ߳УһƼǰһƾһ֣ﵽлǰ׵ʱȻﵽ۷壬һߴǧ׵ħվǰ档
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лƣζ£ˣƤûãҾһֻѵ㣡


1338  ս䡾
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ǵлδģǳ䣬ȥħЩֻӵӴһ˫۾ǵ񶼷·һ㣬˲ұӡ
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̤빬ڡ
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ÿһڶͷл̾ϢЩ˵൱һûеħѪģȴη̵ǿԸѣԸ˼ҵҲͿףûелֵԭˡ
ԭվڸ̨֮ϵһӿлһԶȥӣлҲܶ϶ɽʯˡ
ƵеƵۻʵĹһΡ
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лһƨϣʵ۰㣬·ˣеۻʵĸо·һɱȨеơ
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лٿˣȻҲһĲ֮ɫ


1339  ɱ⡾һ
ף
лΧǾȻģòԾǵʱ򣬾Ȼ鿴ε棬ûʲôƣŸȥģĽɽлʱȻﵽ൱زˣԽһ϶û£ҲǲɵģЩ˵ȴеԾ
϶⡣
ǿеĲ⣬лĿͬһϬĽǶʯ۵ϣ˲ŭӣγһεѹ
ʯ۸еԼݻʹ
һֱһϻĸоͷлʵͬʱҲķ֮ģôҲɽĶմȨ񼴱ǿܣҲɽ
οʯҲսʵʵǱʮϣص˸ǿʵڽӽսͻƱԵʵܸԸѹ
ʯȻ̧֣һʢ
ü͸һɷ֮ģҲ¶˲ǸҷϣҲǣܹɽҶ֮ˣǱء
شҼ⡣лĵ
ʯߵΪҪشʲôʸһش⡣
شǾֻл
ҪɱңҲҪܻܲţʯЦ
лһϱҪ뿪վ
ҪжͿʯ۵ƶȻǣȻлͷϷմûл
䣡
֪һٶޱ䡣
леһεѹȻ·٣ѹ嫸

˲䣬лѹݡ
һֱԴ׵֮ڵõһлͶԴ˲ޱŨȤͻƣǿߵĽ̸ڷ֮ʥʥʱĸ֪лһָоԼҪʮսʼƺĳϵָоǳûκεɽͷ·𿴵һˣǸоԼԵһ㣬˵ĸо
лҲһֱõ
ֻ飬ֻǿģֻڴгһգҵõˣϾȻɺγɵһѹܹģ֮˼ϡеƷҪϡġ
û뵽ԼȻʱˡ
ȷ
ν˵ֱ׵㣬ͬߵľһ㣬صľݣһ˵־һ־ؾ˵ľǲͬģʶΪؾ
һܵʯ۵ĸţͬܵѹһ㣬̷Ͼصϣַ
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ҿΣʯ۱ҲģûܵӰ죬ԼҲˣΨ̼ܵǻѹڴ˵ŻӦġ
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һκ˶޷ֵģɷֱ֣Ѱұǡ
лɫƽ
ЩɽͽǹЦǷ·𿴵лҪˣ뵽лǿǰݣƶ˷ܵ
ⲻ֪лھѹеļ˷ܡ
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ֲ뱻˴ţȻֳܱˣԾɫƽȻĿʯ۵ˡ
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ʯ۵ɫĿ£Ĭ
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лȻҲϣǳ裬ƺ˳裬˸ܣϾʮսǿҲδܹһĿãҪ˵ɽûʮսǿߣΨһĽ;ǳ衣
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л䣬͸еһŨصѹ֮ǰѹϣѹˡ
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ΪߣлһҪ߶Լһѹĸоǿסˣϣ˷֣ӶȡֻƾԼǹѹ
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ܲҵķ·ĩ٣ѹѹĺ³ƺֿɼĸ߶ȣʱ洫һĹ˸еϢǿҸо

ǺεȾ磬ѹ֮£еϢһ˿УΨ
лۣշơ
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һ߿ֳ
ǵ⣬ĶһлҲڿһĴڵʲôˡ


1340  ɱ⡾
ҪĴġ
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õһӴ׵֮߱ģҲֻһ߶ѡ
Ҳܱ࣬лյǵҪǿ֪٣ôʲôܹ߱˿µء
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л˶Ŀ
һɫ磡
׵壡
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ǣʱҲǳֽɫ磬ô
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лͬǾ棬׵γɣԣؼΪ̵һ˵õ׵壬ͻɢģڣھȻȻأеǲ⡣
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ΪİЩϤϢȻǡ˵Ϣ
Ѫӡ۳ɶ嶷񣬷Ĩɱʱ򣬷˵ǿлԺ˸š
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뵽лٿȻһ
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˵ںȳ⣬ʯͨ졣
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ʯԣɫѿ
лֵǶԼĵ˼λȡҲĵؽ۸˳
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뵽лص۸µʶδֽۣ̽۵İԶԼҪصĶ࣬ؿԽʮսʾҲδ֪
һ뵽ле˷ܡ
šۣ㲻ЧǱӦŶԣҾҪԿˣԼƿصֱûǡڣȥܷ񹴴


1341  ɱ⡾
ûУǺ޷Ӧͺţ뺣лʲôһҲ֮УϾлһֱ۵ռڣҲ֪أôһʱܹʲôġ
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лǽɫڿ˸ֻһߣǽɫƵƺٰ
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ͷϵͣȻ޷ƵĸоĶʼ궯
Ƴһֳл뷨ӳˡ
֪䣬ʯۿƵԭɽĸѾۼʯ۵ǰ̵γ˶ŵľ档
ڻ̵ˣαѹȥԺ̿¾Ǹӱ۸ˣΨַռɽ˲һϯ֮أ̲ʸ˵ԼһЩ˲ܹӡ
սǿߵʣѾʹ˫ìбΣգŵ
ͬʥǼңһӡ
ڲìܣһٽͻᱬ±˴ŹͬĿ꣬Ҳᱬҵĳͻġ
лȻģԲʥǷ飬ȻĻʥǾͻԼ֮ˣ̸Դ½
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ʯ۱˾Ӹµ̬ҲŭˣǿлǽɫţҲܳҸɶģȥлˣŭӺӣĵҪΪǰһͿԶָֻţɽ׿ԣΪΪһֱ㣬ǿڽķϣ㲻ҪҶľأ϶㣬Ҹʲô㻹ûʸָֻţ
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˶˵ʯۣѾӽͻƱԵˣʵЩ˵УڽڰģȻδУನ㽫ˣҾµֻǽɫһ˿ߣͺǰٷ֮һһ㡣
ǵĿˢˢͶɫ硣
һɫ
ɫ磬Ȼ˿µ
ǰٷ֮һನսʣȫֲֿʲô̶أ


1342  ɱ⡾ġ
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ле׵ֱðǵ˴ڵģɫԼһµĻ
Щˡ
ȥһ¡ưȴ൱ĽŤͷһ׼սʼ˵һȥ
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׼սʼǿߵʱһҽУɳȥѪ˹ȥл޸о
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һŭлԺбȻȻ仰ʱ̾Լģŭ޵ȶûãΨ侲취;
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ΪҪΣյģ˭֪ǽɫ壬δл幹κεв·õһ㣬һ·ӹл壬ֱ½лĵڣڡ˯еɫ档
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1345  ̵˼俭·
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붼Щ˼飬лҲ֪Ա൱صģ䱾ǷѪǰѪתΪѪڵõܹʮսʵķѪл붼еһ˿˷ܣĴɱ䣬ʹ￪ʼɡ
ǰ·
˱Ǳڤסĵطڤػŵģνǰȫݡ
л֣಻ɫһɱڤҲСûһҷģΪӵзѪܹʥлڣȻǿлʵĿ£뵽ǰлֻǸոսһսʣβ𾪣־塣
ΪڤˣЩѾʥѡǩԼħǣޱϤģҲû⣬֮ǰлǳΪʥǵһ֣Щˡ
ͨµͨѪħһ忪ٵġ
Ѫħ༤츳ǱصģǸǺʣܹͨ˲ͬеġ
л˱ֱ¡
δﵽ£л͸оһѹ
Ƿʬµģʮ꣬ѹʼմڣڤ˵Ѫйء͵
лͷ˵İɱµġ
·һ൱Ŀռ䡣
ڵϵһ̣л͸еԼ궼Ϊ֮һ·ʲôԼһ㣬ҲȻķһĨɫĹâ
ǽһš
˾ٱ˵δ֣лԼҲ޸оȻģƺ۾޹֮ͫˡ
л׿ȥ
ֻһֻķ˰Ȼվ˫չͷףѤޱȵë˸ŵĹΣͨ嶼һʹ⻪𺳵Ļһ˫۾Ǽͷ۾Ҳ󣬰˵ʮ꣬ʬ屣ã۾ҲӦñ˰ɣδϣһȻһĸо·δȥڿԼأĺܡ
Ǵе֪˷ʬ屣ãһǿҸо
޴ĿռڣһЩˡ
衢塢϶Ѫħʡڤޣ˺ħȴδ
˺ħأлü
ʬ岻ܴѪҪǣʹô˵صԪƺЩ⣬Ѹ٣껹΢Ӱ죬лȻϣһЩܹ
лأǻ˱ˣǰأֻԼʵı˳
ԹƺܵʲôӰ죬Ů޷һ졣˵һ죬Ҳʱ䳬죬ΨǺ˿Ӱ죬ܰ
лɻĿǰȻվķʬ壬Щ𺳣ʮܹ꣬˾Զ֮Ƿһް
ҲΨǿ

˹
ĶŮҲѹлȻϲ쳣Ѫħ˷ܵشеˣˡ
ҿ氡ţнлЦǺǵĵ
ǵȻҵĿʮսʣѪħʽĵ
֮ǰڤ϶ƲѪħһ壬ǰֻɲͬ涼϶лᣬɼδɾ;һ㡣
ڤĿĶлòðĸ֣̬
Ҳܱ̬м죬Ľս˰ɡлһ۱㿴ڤʵھͲһ߱ɿĽսʵľ磬ٶ֮죬ޱȾ˵ġ
ô죿ѪħʳԾĵ
ڤٿҲû죬սʣ
Ѫħʵսʣ˵˭ȻסŤͷлһӱ׶ߣеսˣ
һֿл
ڲǰǷ֣лֻһսʣھȻսˣٶ֮죬ڤԵ̬
л٣ˣɬĵǶս۷弶δͻƵļأȻôлԽˡ
Ҷѡл
죬лٰһɣ˼ѪӡһСǵĲɽĩգһҳսʣҲ¡
ϹŴ峤˵лֻһЦ
衢϶Ů򶼳ͣŵĿлǰǱлľ𺳣Ȼ˵Ϊ𺳵ȻҲлǳģȻˡ
ôλ˶ҲΪ㽱𣿡лЦеĵ
΢죬϶ЩڴȻлʹʥͱ˹ϵȴûжʾ
лãһŮǰ
ࣣࣣࣣ
ٵŮһ¡
漴Ц˿ˡ
΢죬һۣģ˿ˣͺ޲ÿһڣһ˷ӣлҲ֪йˣɲں϶ͮͮģз˵⡣
ۣ˺ȻȥҲҪӡѪħʽе
һ仰ʱա
лһô£
ǸŮ˾ǲö֡Ѫħʵ
΢΢һЦҲǶ֣Ȼҵĵ׿Ƿʬ壬صٹ죬˰ɡ


1347  ıʥ
֮ԣл˶ɻĿ
ȴһЦơ
㣬лҲñˣǱ㰴ձҪ󣬼ա
Ծɲܾô
뿪֮ǰлǰȥɽΧ̽Ϣ̵ˣ˷棬ѪħһʺϣлҲõġ
Ҳ
ʮ꣬ԾʹռڵԪĳ棬άʬδ˳Ծǣлоһ˿Եıڤٶȸޱȡ
лųȥ
Ŀлһܹ뵽ѵ״̬ȥġ
Ҳ֪˶ãелеһ˿΢Ϥĸо
лı۾
㿴һ˿˿Ĺ˸ţһ˿˿΢ϴݳȥǷ˵ʬ棬õ΢ķ˾Ȼƺڵһ˿΢ꡣ
лһȻ˱Ŀġ
ӵгѪ˵⣬ɱϾǷѪעз˵ϢȻ걻ĨɱģǱ轫עһ˿ҲųĻôɶʱļǰһЩǷڵľѪḴ¾߱۷ʱڵ
ˣĳѪпܳΪǰĴѪǱĳɾȻǷǷġ
лΣûȥĿǡ
ԾǼ
ֻűϵǷʬڣʹ÷ʬ·иļҲʹԪӵĳле鵺ĸоٶȷǳ֮ġ
һСʱ֮лٶȱѡ
˷ȴǱǷʬɢϢȻӵŨصѹ·ڸ
塢϶ѪħԼڤȷ׷׵
˶Ƿʬ塣
ԾȵӣԾ˫ĿһֱӵĸоϸƷζ֣ᷢз·һ˿΢ͺĲ
ѵļ
ͬʱлҲ֣ڷһЩı仯ȻгѪɱûʲôеϢϾνѪǾ˵ֻǿǾ߱һЩѪǾǸյķˣΨгɳſܳΪǿ޵еޣҲ˵Ѫڷһ
ʬϵʱ˿̵ıɢһɽ͵ķϢ
лӴ࣬ȴǿ߱ѪģڷѪϢС
Ϣɱ֮Ͳˡ
ɱ䡣
л˺ħ޶ھĹעţǶû˵ʲôֻڴܹӵзѪ
һɾͷѪôǰ;
ʱһĹȥ
ϵķϢԽԽأмŵķеζȻأĽʬڣʹ÷ʬ彥ľȻɢһ˿޵Ƿ۾Ҳرˡ
ԭɢΧѹٿȻʧ
ѹֻһεĴڣܹѹϵĸоһЩھȻͬ㣬Ƿʬ˻ȥ
һ仯˵лȲ֪ߣŲַѪıڤҲȫë۷ڤĹâ˸űĻ棬ȥԵøɭֲƺҪһ㡣
лɻĿڤôˣ
ˡڤǵͳ͸һ˿ľ֮ɫ
ȥʮ꣬λḴǱзѪڴ߶»صʱ۷ʱ̣ܽѪɱ䡣л˵
֪ڤҡͷˣ
棬л˺Ѫħʶеë𣬺ವֱðȥʮķʬ尡ôܸ
˵ģѪħЩµĵ
ȱڤڣǾͿǱ۾ķʬ嶸Ȼһͷ׵Ĺʴɢȥ

˺ħ޶еͷһ𣬲ˡ
Ψ֮꽻ı޸о
ž
ޱȰĵǧ׵ĵطǷ˶ȻŤһ²ӣ˻ǷĲӶšˡ
ɢʹ⻪Ŀл
ˢ
ûκοǵѪħʱһлǰһƴһսļơ
ľٶ˿ſЦǸж
Ƿˣ˭ܷѾĿǳʮսʱģѪħȴԥվлǰǷлҲǺ𺳵ģǿûκԼġ
ѪħĿеĵλ
ڤͲˣŵ˼ɢĿҰϢ·Ŀһɨͳͳɢˣ֫ڷȫûδɾʮսӦелߵķ緶
Ƚϣ
ݵлҲѪħʵĳɾ;ҪȱڤߣעܹΪʮսʣܷŵǸ磬Ҳ˵
϶Ҳվл࣬䱸Ŀŷˡ
һֽһսʼ񹭡
ǽŵʱ򣬷δſڣȴϴ˸ʹ⻪۾лҸ
˲һ㶡

лҲסˣָԼıӣ㸴
˵۾գһ£·Ӧ
ô㣿лãȻ
ſңƺ˵ܼѣܲ˵Ͳ˵Ҿ˵һûõ֡
һжԵ÷˺ܴ
ӹڤʱҲȷ޾ѹͬһشһ㡣
лˣٿǱ裬֪ԼҪġ
˭ʲôϵл
ʷˣ
ĸֺƽȴƽһף𺳵˶еһѣΡ
лһڸɬҺĵʷˣаĽףôܣ㣬㡭
Щ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǿıааĳ̫£̫̣ǲģѰҳ޹ǵʱл̵ķХǹǿܳΪаķǣջ޷͡
аһͣעܹɾʮսʼ
ƷǿĴڣķҲûϣﵽһ磬ֻǷǳѣô״ﵽģΨаһͣһ;κѣʶаųƷ˵һǿߡ
ԶŴţаﲢռڣܽ
аĽױǡʷˣ
νʷˣа׶ģһɾʷ֮ôδɾͣԽʮսڴ˵УҲǿģҲΨ˲ſܳΪ˼ʷϷһ޵еĴڡ
Ȼˣ˵ʷҲռģܽףֻʷ˶ֻǸ˵ˣ˵ٽ׵ˡ
ƺҪ֤Լݣʷ˵Ϸɫ⻪ࡢơ̡ɫ۾Ҳʹâġ
ʷˣлһãҰ㣡


1348  ıʥ
һΪʼն˼ĴڣǴӲֻ˼ΣʱŻ֣壬ֵ𾴵ġ
лҪȡ
ʲôԤ飬ȻȥΪһУвǰְ嶷񣬳׷ѪӡѾ㹻ðΣȥˡ
лſҡ
ҲԼˡлĵ
ûΡ
ƾõתȻ˺ܴı仯
ʷգһۡ
˳ţҲδл˭֪̫ڴԵʣҪſԡ
һʱ䣬ռٶ廨ضС
϶ǵĿл
Ůģл΢΢һЦ˽۵һ£Ҳû˵һĵӡ
ӶöŮһЩ
ʵлҲûףֻʷһ˿꽻оʷӦòԼеŶԡ
ҲֻǸоˡ
а֮ԱΪаǾ¹ţųƾһ壬аҲһԱƫƫаͬɱ¾ǳѪȣֹаǵ飬Զаʷˣʵ˵û
ֻܱĵȴ
ʱڼ尾һĹȥ
ּ尾ǿľ޷ƵıǱڤΪʷ˶ķУһ뿪
϶¶֮ɫ޷ľ
ѪħлĿ࿴
Ӧ̬޷ƽĴȻȵлòĴָƽ˲Ѫħ
лȻĿ⣬ѪħֻǵȻһЦҪǣȥĿɱҲѣʲôӲģǸ
ˢĻ£ǷȻ۾ʹ⻪ͶѪħʵϡ
֨֨
Ѫħʷ·𱻻ƨһ㣬ȻһܶߣʹļУͻأðһε
ʣ϶е
ѪħʴˣҲǹĿ࿴ˣǵһֻսħԴ
лæץסŮĸ첲Ҫɱ䣡
ɱ䣿岻ĵ
û´ǼͣȻõʷ˵Ͽɣɱ䣬Ҳǽʷǹųȥһáл
ʷ˵͸ĹâϿл˵
ͬʱһ˸ʹ⻪Ϣлϡ
лͷһʷ֮
ҹ˱۸Ĺʥһ֮ʷƺȻܹ˵ٷѾˡ
۸ĵʥлоеĪϹʥʿʥα۸ģǰѾʮ꣬Ӧò֪ϹʥʵĴڲŶ԰ɣ֪ʥģ
ʷһ£Ϲʥʲô
⼸־ڳ֮һ졣
Ƹô˵Ҳʷˣ˭˼ǿԽʮսʼҲһյء
Ҳ֪Ϲʥʣ˵ʥԶʥǰǰԽʮսʼһ۴ʥֻĶǲȱȫģʥǲģ˽޸صֲȱֵʲôϹʥҲǸ൱ˡʷ˼˵
л֪ʥϹʥʿģλ֪ǷĿԽʮսʾĳԶʥʿģϹʥʵõȱ֣Լ뷨´ȫʥ
֪ģл
ԶʥʵħʷˣҵõǴм䣡ʷ˵һ£лõ׵ĽɫתԼڣ˵ӦõõһЩļƬβŶԣѵԶʥʵĲ֣
лһ£û뵽ʷܿó˵󲿷ֶģأ޷ֻǿһЩǳٵƬΣֻһǹԶʥʵģƺһҴδ֮˴սǸȫȻʮ˼ͬʱ
µĴڣߣʮѵһʷ˵
˵Ķģ
лǶƬΣֻв㼸ӣԶʥȳһ仰ߣ˿Զʥʵħʷˡ
ȻôԶʥʴʥ棬֪
ǰ֪ʥ棿л
֪ҵõĴмҲֻкһ֡ʷ˵һĨɭɱ⣬·鴥ɱֻǵãҪõԶʥµʥ۷壬Ҫ֮ʷ֮ſԵġ
лʷ˵ĻûƭԼɡ
֮ʷ֮ʥռı룬֮ȻҪѷɫˣʷ֮ߣлλ
תʥʷ֮
ʷ˵겨ԽԽʢȻҪ֧֣˿ƺҲõʷ˵֧֣ȫΪֻ׼սʼľ磬Ƭ̵ĹȻһսʾ磬һڿǿš
ʷ˼˵ʥǱ۸ĵģȻԭĲͬõʷ֮ǸʲôϹʥʴ۸ĵʥͬˣԺҪ߳Լʥ
ʷ֮ڣʹ⻪תһ֮󣬷·һ˿ļǿл̾ѣ˵飬˼̫ƽԶڷǰ棬˵ǿͷƺѷɫ̫̫࣬ڿʷ֮֮Ĳ֮
˵ǿƺҲԣϾǿǾ֤ģֻ˵ϡеƷֶˣȴʼûһܹóаȣҪ˵˵ʷˡ
ѵ˵Ҳʷ˰ĴڣȻܹѹһͷء
߰ͷӿлͷ
ⷴʷ֮־ҵĲ̼սд̼ʷ֮ɢһ±侲æʷ֮תֽӣڻ̾ᣬܿʷ֮תȥʷ֮ۼ۳ʷ˵Ρ
˱γɽͻ̾ľ
л̲סһХ
ܲѡ
ӦڻԾħģ񻢻֮δõֻòдƷĻ֮ɷ棬ǷվֻǱȼǿһЩڻԾħһĲ࣬õʷ֮䱾ͱ֮ͻ֮ǿʢ֪ٱʶڵķԳԽڻԾħˡ
֮ħɷѾʼıʥˡʷ˵
лЦһҲǿȥı䣬鵺ϣƵģòˡ
ûʲôãֻǷħʼ̫ѷʷ˳ʱԶʥʵ뷨ǾۼĴ󶥼ħ֮ģֻδԸԺлǿһԡ
ǰͽ̡лϲ
ʷ˵⻢֮ħɷ̫ܹͣûħʨ֮ħɷ
ħʨ
϶ͬĽе
лҲЩ𶯣ħʨħ֮һǰλ˵ǵħġ
ħʨħޣҲǵħħޣһ޽ĵطħޣʵȳ޺͵ħЫµģҪǿһߡʷ˵
޽磬ǰǰ繲ʱ򣬽˼硢͵ħļ֮һ粢ġ
޽֮󣬻ħʨһƯ͵ħ֮棬֪ĻħʨֻһħͨģûһػȥŻתģħʨǿߣͬʱ߱͵ħϢģȫɳҿĴڡʷ˵
л֪֪ĳ޺͵ħЫΪǿħ޲ȫֻΪħʷ¹ŨصһʣʵһЩħʵġ
ˣħʨͬʱ߱͵ħϢǺ۵״̬ƣʷԣܹһۿҵתΪĲ֣Ƿ֪۵Ͱأл뵽ɵͷ𵴣óۣǰʶô


1349  ɱ䡾һ
ۣһлӶ嶷񹥻£˿Ʒһֽߵħ籾Դܹ֮仯ռƷһǱĳƷĴڣ˵лʼնееġ
ܹ˳
ܹͬʱ߱ܲ
лоΣȴʼûκͷ˷ʷˣҵ֪еʷ˴м䣬ͨ۵
һռڵϢʱһ䡣
Ȼɫ翹˫ܾˣɫ类ѹȵĽڣ׷ɱ䣬ɱУƬҲܵǳµģ·˯һ㡣
ۣʷɻĵ
лԣһ
ǻǵһ˵ôһƺֻǾʮǰʽΪۣȻΪʵľ磬ȴ˵Ȼһ˵
ǰȷۣۣлʵ
ʷɢʹ⻪۾棬ƺڿ̽۵ʲôӣ±۾
л˲˵´˼
ãʷ˲˵ӦƬֶͨΣɽΪƬļ𡣡
ǿ𣿡̲סʵ
˭˵ǿģʷ˹ŹֵĵôʲôʸܹѹҷһͷֻһˣеʣĴ󣬰նȶʸΪ񣬶ܹΪаһȼģһΡЩǶ֪
֪ҡͷ
ʷ¶Ź֮ɫӦð
л˶һ½ӴЩ˵д󲿷ֶ˵߼ģûἰϻнĴڡ
ǰ˶ãл
ʮ˰ɡʷЩ䣬뵽Լҵ
һۣ֪λʷ˵걻ĨɱȻʮǰʮǰ˻ʣֻʮһǰ꣬ԡаƾãɼʷԶ֮ϡ
Ҳˣʷ֪ĶǱ滹Ҫࡣ
ʷ˲ľۣƬɵƬõĲִмУƺԶʥбӵۣоö
öۣڵһ㣬лǰ֪۵𣿡
ҵ걻ĨɱģΣͷѽֲлͷųҴɢ֮󣬴ģҾǽЩۼ¹۵֪ҲǺܶ࣬һҿԸ㡣ʷ˳Զʥ۷ĸԭ֮һӦ̲ŷǳĶֻԶʥʵħ裬ʱʷ׷ʱȻԻҲΣյʱˣµĹۼ䱾ֲࡣ
лЩƣһ⣬ƺйصģܶôԶǰڵĳ޵ǿǣ֪Ƥë·𶼱Ĩȥⷽһ㣬ĺܡ
ռЩ꣬лвֹ۵ļ䡣ʷ˵
л΢һͷſҡ
˻
ʷ׷һͳ˻ȫʹ⻪ʢһ˫۾ɢʹ⻪лüļ䡣
ͻͻ
һ˿ʹ⻪лüɢ͸ڲʹҲɢһʹ⻪ܹлһʹ⻪ŵлҡţǱ塣
лɢ
һεѹҲȻɢ
͸־
˷ʷ˴߶ȫ汬ѹ֮󣬼ֱױȣǿսʼѪħʶ޷ܣõʷ˵İȻһЩڵı仯ɾʮսʼҲٴɨһЩ谭
Ƶ
˷׷׺ˡ
ࣣ
·ˮ춯㣬һͷ׵̼ܵɢ֮ͿвϵһĹ㡣
лĿ֪ЩӦþʷڽ⵽㣬صطһȻֻһС֣ȴȻܹҾһЩʱָ۷ʱ̣ҵѽΪʷˣָ֮󣬱ȻҲʮսʵʵܳ߾硣
˼磬л֣ԭϹʥڣΪֹ꣬Ҫ˵ʮսʵҲͿ֮⣬ƺûһˡ
أȴǡǡ෴
˳ʮս۷弶
渴գȻҲʮսʡ
칬ӣڽʮսʡ
·ӷʮսʡ
ʷ˸ˣ֪ģ಻֪أƺһжڰԵ
˼ﵽ˥ڣҲζԻʱ̵٣Ŀǰ֪һУ·˼罫Ҫʮսܻᳬʮǰ˻ʱֻǳԽʮսʼȻֻһ˵˭
һЩƬ׷׵Ļعʷ˵ڡ
ϢѸٵҲٵıǣ˱㳹ϵնϣʵҲһ䡣
ԭֻ׼սʼλһ·쭣ֱɱһս۷弶ľ磬սҲһ֮ʱͻƣٶȣҲ϶ŮһĽ
ڻֻ׼սʼ硣
׼սĽսʶѾʼֵʱֵһᣬϾսʼÿһףʵı仯Ҳǳ˵ġ
ûԼʷˣϢʢҲõ൱̶ȵǿ
еĹ㶼֮лϵʹ⻪Ҳʧˣ¹ƽ
϶ѯʡ
Цû£õһЩôʷ˽õת˸ϵڣԺǻˣҲԽǲϰȥˡ
ü˷ġ
Ǳ˴˵ţʷڽһηǳݵıչأԼҲĸ
裬εǺðһԾһս۷弶Ľ˵
ЦֻðˣԼġ
лǫĵҲǵõһЩС
ɻŤһлĶ䣬ҷ֣ڱǰعذȻǫ飬ǽǰǿǽĺء
ץס֣лĶ߼͵ڴ϶˭һ޵еģӦˡ

뵽ᵱô˵Ȼ˿Ծ߾ѣ뵽Ѿܳʱûˣ˫ȲɵĦеЩʪˡ
Ƕģǵлһ
л¶ɫʱʹһʹŤͷһֻЦеŤͷѪħ˵·ʲô֪һֻȴģƺ֪ʥֿǿص˶лоʹ
˻
һ˻ǵİж
ʷһΪѤõĿ۾ڱֱۡ
лһ£ֱʷջصĲп϶һЩ۵Ĵмݡ


1350  ɱ䡾
Ŀĳле棬ˣħ޶ס˺ȻʷҪʲô
õ֣۱΢΢Ĳһ£漴ָֻƽ
ֻһ˿Ĳл衢塢϶ѪħʶĸоھȻһ˿ǳ˵겨
˻
ʷ˷·ܵƣ¶֮ɫ
һɱŰϢϼѹȵлЩϢòǣԻֿܵ
Ϊǿʹ档
ͻͻ
۱ҵĲɢһĨӲӵĹ⻪һƯлơ
ͬʱƬҲӿռָԶ
Ƭ۱˴˻ţͬʱųӲӵĹ⻪Ӳǽʷͷųʹ⻪ѹ˻ȥȻƬлУָ״̬һϢûˣȥЩ
ǰл
ʷ˶ƬۣߵǾȻҷߺߣȻ۳һǿˡ˵ֿ꣬лոյõзӡŵһЩм䣬ой۵ġ
ʲôݣлĵ
ԶʥõöۣҲöͻƵ˼ʧģȥʲôط֪ˣǾöۣǴ˵ģöȴһ޶֡ʷ˵
лһ£Զʥöˣ
ͷʷ˵öڻԶöۼ֮󣬾ͻγɷǳµĿռܹ˼

㣬лתΪѾõ֤ʱǽɫ۸һܣܾˣռ˱˵ġ
ţʷʩչҲ̼ͷųһ˿΢
γʵ̫£ΨлǶоܹһĴ𰸡
֮⣬ǰɻ۵ļ䣿лʵ
ʷ˳öۺܿǾŴʥģ
ʲô
Ŵʥģ
˶Ծ޷ľг
Ŵʥ˻ʺƳģ˾ŴΪģƬȻΪƬҲƺҲǲܵġ
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽۾Ȼʥйء
涼֪
Ŵʥݴ˵ֻʣҲ˵ۣȻöۣۻʥˡл˵ʮ꣬ʥڵۣҲ֪ǸʲôˣǱЩĴʥͱ۸ӵĪɡ
ʷ˵ӦôﵽҪˡ
ﵽҪʲôҪ󣿡лʵ
Զʥʼ˾öۣž߱˼ĵزΪǾöʥڴʱҲѣǵö۲Ŵﵽ˼ĵزöۣһö۵뵱Զʥյǿһö൱ˣܹõʥеһöۣö۾㹻ṩ˼ʷ˵
۵ľãƺ֪ˡ
лҲֻƺݣΪʷ˵˼֪һЩݣҲеһֶѣܳȴܹ˼ǺܣĺǺ֪ġ
ĿáԼܹ¶嶷ֲˣлѰеȻûҵ֪Զûô򵥵ġ
˼ʲôѪħʲĵѵҪȥ͵ħ磿Ҳ԰ʱͨģ˵ġ
ʷҡҡͷҲ֪飬ҵĴмУֻµʱĲּ䣬ԶʥҪöʩչʱ⵽͵ħǿߵֹʷΪɹԱˣԶʥǷѾ˼ʵҲǺǾ͵ʱʷµǿңԶʥһɹˣһһ˼Զʥʿȥɵʹ
ʲôʹ
Ժжðôĸ֡
ҪңҲ֪ʲôʹܹԶʥʣǰʷ˵һǿ߲ϧȥɡʷҲеܺ棬ֻۣ۲ܹһ𰸰ɡ
лĿöۣЩƺİȴԼȥ⿪
ǵϹʥʱԭﵽʮս۷弶Ϲʥʴ۷ʱڣճ̬㣬ܹһǧ꣬ʱû⣬ȴһٶʱ򣬵õۣ漴ʧˡ
ǷҲʹĳֹأ
öлǰôع·أҪȥĵط
ҵ״̬ȣܽ¡ʷ˺ԥĻشҰøطɡ
Ļл˴ϲ
ͱʷ˽ǵҪ֧ߣҲܹΪһЩ֮˵ĳڰ
ֻǻָ꣬ǰµ˭Ҳʷ˵ʲôľ磬ʵ
ˣǾǰ˵ذɣЩʱգҰǰȥɽľƸھޣָܹãǰٻָһЩġл˵
ʷĿ¶⣬ܹǿɲһĵطҲáһ£Ѫħ˵ȥѡһѪħʵóﵽսʼġ
Ѫħʱ˵סˡ
ȥлͺȵ
ѪħŻȻ˷ܵؼһ̻һ⣬ܿ㵽˵ر档
ʼѡһѪħ
˭óʷڰѪħ壬ѪħȻʥǵǾǱʷ˶л̬ȣȻŵĸԣδػʥǣȴٹϵֽؼʱ̣һ֮ġ
ûãѪħʱһѪħ
ЩѪħȫսϣսʼµľ磬ÿһ൱ĳɳġ
ʷ˻Ѫħ΢΢ͷδǲɱĻΪĽ׵սҲ⡣΢һ٣Ȼʣ֪Ѫħһı塣
ı壿ѪħֻС۾תҲǿǱ壬ٶѪħУȻвٱģģƺҼǵںܾúܾǰֹһΪħı塣
Ȼ֪ӦףһǽΪħ󣬻ĺҪˣʷ˵
ѪħʵʱԲ˷ܵĵ㣬ǱΪħ󣿣
㻳𣿡ʷ͸һ⡣
ŵһӣѪħʵǸ˵ģԸ⣬ԸǱΪħ󣡡


1351  
ħɱһʱ䣬Ҫ֮ãʷ֮ʱ¾ޣһɱеѪħҲл뿪ˡ
ӵ³л㿴ʼմڵеıڤǿ־ӣҲ֪Ŀǣʷ˿˵ǱڤֲĿڣǷľ¡
οһڤлǰȥѼϢڿռʯϢ
Ҫͨ󷨽崫ݶȻſռڵɽǿǣԿռʯǱġ
ʯ۵˵ռʯ̵˸յͳͳĴߣһ鶼δ£лҲֻܴӱ취
ĴѰҿռʯʱлҲʼõתһЩƼ䡣
ܸӣ󲿷ֶģģþ취޷л㽫עЩؼƬκͶϾ棬Ƭβ࣬ȴԶʥʵһ棬ԶʥʵϹ˻ʱ֮ǰΪǿ߾ģлעǣƬβ࣬ȴȻ֮˼ġ
꣬Ȼ˼磬޵ħֵļ䣬μȻȻʱλǿߣ󣬶ļ̣Żδģġлĵ뵽嶷˼ıֹò֮ǰͿʼ˰ɣ嶷һʼʵʩİɣ
ֿԿƲǣʱ䣬˭ָұ֤Ĳأ
棬һʮǰִսˣһʮǰ֣ˣһʮǰ֣ˣʮǰҲ֣ȱħ˵ģƺÿʮһֵϷݣƺ̫й˰ɡ
ıʲôأл붷嶷л꽻Ḷ́ǽܣȴҲ͸¶һЩҪ鱨ӦԽ˻ɣıˡ
ֻյĶ̫ˣ޷ܽ
лһЩ뷨ʱѹȥ
ˣʵﲻҲûʸȥ֣ȥţڵҪ񣬻ʵ
ѹǼƵļ仭棬ʼЩϾ䡣
ЩƬΣǵһЩ֡
Щ޷һܹǿеĺ壬ЩϾ˴˼䲢һ˵ļ䣬µģеı˴ʮ꣬ܽÿµĶϾ䶼һ壬ҲǵлɽľʧصĸԭڣݾǡҪ˼磡
Ҳ֮ǰЩƬ˼ıԭЩϾģʮǰģǶʮǰģΨһʮǰ˻ʱġ
˶ļƬΣϾ䣬ܴǸȥһµıĿıǻ˼磬ֻлΪֹ޷ףǵλ˼磿˼ͨ׷ˣ嶷񶼳ϣ޷ٶȱͨġ
ҲǡˣŸ˾ãıĿ¡
л١
˼Улڡ
峤пռʯϢˣлʵ
Ҳʱ䣬ҵһطӦռʯġЦ
лʲôط칬ɣ
һЦлῪЦ칬ܹĵطڷɽ˼פء
壿лһ£ǲͶ֣ڼǰʥδʱսУ𣿡
ȷǱˣǳʱļǷΣգǰ׼൱һּתˣ˭Ҳ֪ȥʲôطǵ鱨ʾЩתߵˣ֣δйκ磬û뵽ǾȻڷɽڡ
лǸ壬ȫԣҲǵտռ֮壬пռʯҲ
ֹɱڤȥ鿴ܹ϶פӦһпռʯĿ󳡣յĿռʯԳǵ󡣡Ц
ռʯĿ󳡣
лǵһ˵ˡ
ɵһЦοռһЩռʯŶˣ˵˭ڤǺܹ°Ѱռʯ飬Գƺħķ緶ɣ
ἰڤҲǰЦѡ
˵ǩԼǱڤٶ̫ˣںϷѪѪֱǴͨĵ·ΪѸͣ츳Ǳٶȴûô죬Աڤûô˳ӡ
ʷ˵Եʡգգۡ
ӣȻЦ
첻µزµıڤǣ˾µڣǵµķʵ̬ģҲ£Ψʷˣ̫ˣľ£Զûյĸ߰ĺܡ
ڤǵħ纱ħޣ˵Ƕκŷǳ̵⣬ʶռʯҲӹĹ۲졣
л塣
ڲ뱩¶ԼڻطȰôǱɽ칬˷֣ǱȻǸطȴֵ֮ģлѪħʵǰȥģ衢塢϶λŮҪУһһ޸塣
ǧ꣬Ѫӡǰδ׼սʵҲζǶóһһսʰˡ
ʵлȻϡ
ɽǽںɽӴɽب´½棬߿չҲһ㣬ʮ
ɽľдУ޾ħ޳û
ʣϢ;УлĶܾͨһЩħ޾ӴܵѪħ˵
Ϣ̫أսǰ򵥣лߵϢȻħ޾ˡ
ϢѪħʺٺЦҾ뿴ʷ˸ҵİж
ˣһˣʷ˵ʱ㣬׶Щʲôл𵱳Ѫħʹȥʹӡ
Ҳ֪ѪħһߵĳɾҲǰ˽սʰˣʮܹһпܴﵽŽսʵģҪʮսʽֱǳ˵Σǳ˵Σٺ١ѪħȻܣ˵Ҳһ˿Ƥˣ巽ɱ䣬壬Ӧôﵽʮսû̫ģ귽ȴĶ࣬˷ʷ˱ҵ˸ı䣬Ƿȱľ֮Ĺڣɾʮײ⡣
л֪ѪħʻѾͨ˳ɾʮսʵĵ·ѹ˸ߡ
귽ƣ
뵽裬츳ǱֻǴﵽ൱ھŽսʵĸ߶ȶѡ
˽⣬ƺ츳ǻ·ӷ綼ҪǿһЩȴΪֻܲԴﵽŽսأǷйأһ㣬ҹϵ츳֮ߣҵһˣƺﵽʮҲпܵѽ
Լɡ
лʷͨѪħ͸¶һ⣬ܹʮսʾĸԭ
Ҫ⣬ƺ̫ѣΪлھתöڣۡ
ˣۣ
лһͻȻӿ죬ѵ˵۵Ƕ˼һְɣ
˵ʲô
лЦЦ뵽һЩԼĲ²⣬ԽԽÿԷǳ󣬿չֻǲ²⣬û˵ǿЩжɣҵռʯǲֽɽҵһȥȥɽ»Σյġ
Ůʾͬ⡣
Ѫħǰ·Ƿٵ򼲷פطȥ


1352  ʨӴſ
פλڷɽһǳصĵطڿѰҶ൱ѣտռ֮壬ȻפΧĿռ˾ǾǵפأҲ޷ֵǵĴڡ
лһ޶Դӡ
лؿռӺһڿռ⣬Ѿ˿ԴռСĵزȻпռӰĵزˡ
ǺܿפϿա
ʣšл˵
Ѫħʵɹȥ
δڣͿһεɵĿռ˸ʮӰ˳
Ϊ׵һߣͷüëȫˣһҵߣȥܽ˶ֱһ˫۾˸ž⣬һǼݵλ൱ߵ֣ŵҲǼĸ߲ԱлĿжϣȫ׼սʼģΨһս۷徳磬ʵ൱
µ棬л١߹
Ҳһͬ
лһü⼲ʲôǿ֣ȻԼ˵Ĺ⻹״ǰǶǺɱġ
ԭ峤лĵ
лҼ壬ȻҪ£롣µ湧ƣһ˵Ҳһˣóһͨ
˱֣˵лˣǱŮеˡ
Сˣթ
޷лЦ
սûĽսʳˣڼֺηڱ˲֪ĶȻΪս
սǶĽıǾ˵սͨսʵĽӽı϶ƣǾıսĽսʣҪ˵壬ʲôΣա
Ȼ峤ʢ룬ǾͲˡлһЦǰȥŮһ޽
ŮûлǰĿ⣬Ƕ˽䱸رѪħʣҪ׼
лɣ˿嵱̶Ѩӣ˾֮࣬Ҳе߿ǼлУȻǷǳûеλġ
峤µ滺ǰлλָлǰ´
פؿԶûмפĻԻʹ˵ֻǷɽһȽصĵطռطΧҲ󣬷ɽлŷ֣פϡ٣ǼʮˣȻʮӣɢɢľסڸأоӶ࣬սǳ١
ˣлҲĵġ
Ķͨʱ̿ţ鿴פڵ
ü壬εȵ磬ˣҲʹȻлԴ˲ûпǿʮ㣬Ϊ嵱ʱͶ֣ս֮ʣ⵽ʥǵı壬壬ѾϹŴ޼ңķΧˣųװģҪֻܹͶ֣Ǵġ
һ·Уһǰ
´ܼª˵ɽĴȣлı´Իͺܶ౶ģɴҲɿ״ܲ
´峤µ湧ĵл
лƳһӣ֮ǰɽǱʯƹһΣ˷ǰһ£ȷ֮
ֵڼλϣٶüһͬһ㣬ȴֻͣҷ
Ůɫ
ǶȻǵˣ;Բ˿ʴȡ
Ǽڵɣ˹ֻֿ̬ܣһǵȷ⣬ֻԴ˱ԼᷴϣлŹǼ壻һֿҪԼ˲ֻʱ䣬Ͼͻأ׼׵ġ
ϲ衣
˼䣬ǹڼģлһתʵô˹أ
˹ڱչءµش
չذǵЩϧˣΪܼλأǼ壬ΨһʶҲˡлЦǺǵ˵½ͼ޵۶Уһ˳ģĴϹŴĴǿƲ֣ом壬ʱǺεȵķ⣬κ˼ˣҪСӦɳı˹
˹Ҳлĵһǿ֣˱лǿƳɽġ
һĻĿ
л֪һսԼ߽ϹżǿеģҲʱʽ´½Ĵ̨ģӲ˹ʩչֶΣ´½ϵʮؼ֮һħӰ
ʮؼǿɲ˵ġ
ڸʥس̣ĽȵͳͳһЩϡŹ֣ĪؼԾ޷ʮؼĵλħӰԾʮؼ֮һԾ棬۷ڹͣ·У淽ҲǰɫȻʵüֵħӰ޷ͷˣܹ֮ںϣܹһεġ
ЩĵĶˡлĵأ峤㶫õģ֪峤ܷء
µһ˿Ȼ
裿
˵ĺ˻ỹ𣿲ô裬ģֲҷлʲôҪҼܹ쵽һлʧ
лҲôʲôôʣԼҪõռʯģҪĿռʯ£ţ˵ĿռʯЩܣҪ峤Ҫռʯõģ֪峤Ƿܹأ
ŮѪħʲЦ
ֻҪʮռʯȴƫƫҪ
˵ռʯǳϡеƷɱϾǿռϵģǷǳٵģһЩϹżûһ飬Ǵ壬ҲδܹóһǧĿռʯ
ЩһлҪ󣬵¶ŭɫС۵ķʽԼĲʲôҲ֮ġ
лȫ⣬ֻЦеĿŰµ档
ȣ
һ˵ЪµлٴҲ֪ԭҼפأǲֻʱҵʱסڣʱ˵ҲգǵʱǺѴණģԿռʯһЩҲֻмǧѡ
ǧ飿峤ûЦɣлһĨⶢȻȻͷųһѹ
սʵѹǶһսʾŽĴڡ
лſֲĳһսʾ綼ͨս׷ϴҪ˵µˣһεġ
ѹ֮£ʱðµЩ͸Ķͷ϶ð˺ˮ΢΢Ĳ
峤ˣļ˱Ȼվ
£񣡡µ漱æȵǿˣлʵԶ֮ϣܹġ
˷߷ߵ
µǷѹȣл٣ǡ
˵פһռʯ󳡣Ȼв࣬ӦһЩɣȥȡɡл˵
ԭŭļ˻׻һɫ䡣
µ˷·һ㣬ЩŵĿл̬Ȼһյӣ֪Ҫ˵ûУĻѰأ˵л֪Ҽפпռʯ󳡵ġ
֪Ҫ𣿡лʵ
µ汻˵Щѿǿŭ𣬵ǲ֪лٴҪٿռʯеȷޣҪӿڳһЩҲҪʱġ
ţȻҪʱ䣬ҾɣʮռʯлԼҪ
ž
һ˵ŭվ𣬱Ҫʡ
лɨȥ
һεѹ㴫ݹȥ׼սʼܹѹͬһشĿλãһѪ˹ȥ
˷ٶ塣
峤ʮռʯóҪʱ䡣µ˵
лĵ죬ֻʱ䣬һӶԡ
µһ鶯һģã죡
лһ˿Ц⣬죿ٺ٣㼲廹ҪҶְˣҲҲˡ


1353  ں
ڼһǿʢ壬ıԼǧ˿ƵĹϵлҲģСģŲȥӣ̫ĿǺ飬ǿʢʱڣ붼ģʶл֣һδ忴ӣʵǡǡ෴
ֻʱ䣬ҲԼǵġ
Ȼ峤ӦˣҾ͵峤ʱ䡣л˵ţʱ䣬Ҳţ˵һħӰ֪ܷιһأ
˵ʱٶ¶ŭ֮ɫ
ǱŮҲȻлǶлƺЩҪˣ˭֪ħӰʮؼ֮һħӰĵط˶Ǽ򵥵ͨᶷڼرģʵͨħӰڵһЩʵչġ
лٵҪǲЩˣµ
лĵһԴԼĵ˶ǸϾɱģڶ峤ҾҺư峤Ϊأ
µȼɫһ͡
лԣԵ˾նɱһᣬҲǲԼġ
屾ʥǵжԵģɱˣƺΪġ
ǱŮҲһվŮԣûлôᶨúľҪȻ֪ǵˣǿڵľľͻһЩ֮ĵġ
ħӰصأлµ
Ǿ峤ǰ·ɡлЦǼҲţǶȥι۲ιۣ˵ܹʲôء
һ˱Űµ뿪ˡ
ǰУѪħлǰˣҿ
лڰ֣¶һĨĪЦݣôõķ羰Ҳúһ£һԡ
Ѫħʿлӣϱ֪ԼģȻҲлģ͡
ڱŮǿɲǱ濴ȥôûеģǱǱδҼģֻǺҸδͣҲںЩ꣬貢һζô򵥵ġ
ǺܿħӰǰ
л٣ħӰǨַڴ˺½ģħӰĲ֮ѡµָɽ˵֪лٿɻҪҽħӰᶷлٲأ
лһЦ裬˾ѧϰģֻιһ°ˡ
µŵŷɡ
νħӰᶷڼһ֣ħӰһ֣ϣܹħӰģлҪħӰĶ֮ҲˣƾħӰܲʲôġ
峤أд㣿лٴµ棬ˡ
µҪȥΪλ׼ʮռʯԾͲλˣ£һǰָɵġ
ǾͶлˡ
µˡ
мŮǰָɣ̺ǡ
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ħӰѪħȻǺȤ
ħޣô
Ů˽ȥ٣٣һоҪԵ컯ˣҲϣܹġ
ħӰĵģȴһЩ⡣
վڶڣ棬оܺڣֲָУŻ֣ᷢҲйأƺڳɽڣǿܹԼһ׵ľ룬룬Ϳĵࡣ
һǰȥ
Ķ֮ͨ£лȻ֪ûʲôΣգҲġ
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ûһˣӰģѵħӰƵħӰħõӰĴڣǹ˲ħӰġлһʼעǻζӰ
ⲻԵúǺڰ
лһ·ǷּζӰȴһ߰˴֮פˡ
ÿһӰôĿ٣˿͸оǺܿڰУ޷ҵл뵽˷еĵڶֶ߲һĪ⣬׽͸
İɡлһ˿Ц⡣
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ԼʮףɽڻȻʡ
ԭܰⶸȻҲ磬Ծ˾úܻ谵ЩѹָС
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ħӰһùӰӰһ˵ӾĻӰԻ󣬶ǡǡҲư㣬˿͸Ի
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һĿⶢǰһǽӰζо·ҲΪеһӰǽתţεӰһ
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ʱƣгӰгӰ滺ص
лľҲ߶ȼС
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ˢ
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лϣĿġ
ڳˡ


1354  һ
л߳ħӰ
붴ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ֵҹʮ֣غŵļ˿лˬ߳һǿɶ֪л֮ħӰϣģô΢ЦջķģʱŽǰ찡
Ƕоܲ˼顣
Ҫ֪ʷϲˣҲҪʮʱ䣬δδйء
μ䣬Щ˿лĿη塣
˵츳ȴ
衢塢϶λŮԾУҲֻлĸǲͬġ
ͬħӰͬˣǲͬġ
ѪħʳְػħӰǰʵȫӼڵκһ֣ǵ֣ʶҲǺڵϣ˯˯ġ
߳ɽлʾ
һЩʵĿлֱӷɽۣԶפض۵ףҵƻ׺һƬף¸߹ңǳ׺ŵģҲ޵Ŀ·ܹһС

һл˸һʯһֻ֧գôĴ˯
޼ɵĺ˯䵨֮Ҳɡ
һҹ޻
κ˯л˶еޱȵˬҲͷԸޱȵվڸߴһо۵ףУһоյ׳־֮С
ɽѾ׼͡
ŮҲħӰ˳Ů˵Цӣ֪϶Լһ
Ůı֣ɵˡ
Ǵδɱˣһλô࣬ʶǰĸ˵Ŀˡ
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ģǸøɵʲôǼ峤µȻǰԶĴк
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лٹȻ츳˰˿ĴħӰ߳ԶҵܱȰµ˵
лЦ峤̫߿ˣֻۻѣûʲôջġ
л˵Цˣ֪лٵ츳Ǿ˫ģôûջֻǲ֪лٻħӰڸһµ򣬿ǵħӰԺܹӳɫĸ֡µЦ
գ˵⻰л϶ɣǵԼֽţƻǵħӰɽܸоԾ
峤̫˵ЦˡлǲϲƮ̸ʽƺµռڱǲˬתƻ֪峤׼ʮռʯ׼׵ˣ
ûôģǼȻлһҪ죬ʱȣҾȫͨռصĶóˣǿչʮ顣µһþ˼óϼҵӡ
лüëһˣ
ʮռʯ
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ϾռʯʮϡеģҪ˵ô޴
⼲ȻһҹﱸʮռʯʼежٵĿռʯǾǷǳ˵ġ
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лĵһͷȻֻҪʮռʯǿռʯôʵǴԺ϶õĸ࣬ŻһҪôģʵܹһ飬ǶǺģҪ˵ʮ飬ֻһˡ
岻򵥰
ǾԲӡ
ٺ٣ղغܷḻлЦ
ЦЦµһ£漴ָƽϱЦݣҲǷѾ˼óһöռָʮռʯ棬лٲա
ӹռָлȴ֣Ȼнơ
ÿһռָнƣҲǷֹܹöģƵǿ˵ʵ϶ġ
лһ㷢ƾȻǶսʵµġ
Ŀǰ¶ǿľǰµ棬Ҳ޷һս۷弶ˣսʻһξġ
սʵȻµģѵ˵ڻĶսʴڲɣƣҲҪпԼʵΡ
лЦ֪սģΨмɽϵ̸֣˭֪
ž꣡
һӣһսǿռָĽ֮Ƴлһɵµһ˿塣
˾ƵģҪлʵ
û뵽սµĽƣȻּƳҲлʵҲǶսʵľˣܸߣ˲ɵһ͹Щˡ
л鿴ռָڣѵĿռʯɢϤĿռȻһռʯɢĺʮǾ൱ǿˡ
峤˿ҾͲˡлռָ
µҼ㶫ȻϤϣлܹ˴ԺҪҼһʶ
ǱĿлƹˣϾ֣֧ߣǵ˵ġ
˵˵лЦҵȸˡ
л١µ湧ĵ
ĺĲл뿪
˱ȴñ迴ͫһգ͸һɷ
лǣű֣ЦǺǵĵ߰ɡ
Ҳ˵ʲôһޱ뿪פأԶȥ
Լмǧ׵ľ롣
̲סѵûּ𣿡
Ȼˣǵڸлͣվһɽۣ֮ЦеָΧ
˫ĿкһϾһս۷弶ʵҲлѧĶֻͨǱлҪǳԣľޣɱϾҲһõģϱ״Ծʲôˣ
Ѫħʼе
սʣһԼʱħᴩãʱΧһЩʵ֮ˣĲҽ
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ǧ˴˷ɳҲдԶɽͷٹģлһڵλøΧġ
ģ϶Ǽɵĺ£ŭ
϶˼Ʒսʼ񹭣ߵҾ֪ûô룬ǿ壬ƽ޹ʵǰ裬ǲд㣬ڿǵפض֣ٵǵһЩصذˡ
Ůɷʢ
ɫȻһս۷弶һսԼսء
Ѫħ˷ܲѣսѪȻսű޷Ŀ̶ȡ
Ψл絭ӣȻ
ƮȻˣǾͶɣͷ¶βʲô
лٲʥ֮ЦУ峤µһɼִȺ˽ͬĻһЩףлδģЩ˲лҪעģǵвٵսǿߣ˵ʵﵽս۷弶ľ硣
лܣһЦЩƺ㼲İɣǿɲʲôԵġ
һǳĵطƴ嶼Եһ㣬˶ǷԵģЩˣԵķ٣ԣԣԵࡣ
Щ칬λѡµ˵
лüëһ칬


1355  
칬ųǿʥصǿڣҲлǰչһˣûиеѹһ𣬾ͷ·𱻴˼Ѫһ˶ɢ˵ս⣬ӷĶţƵӣһɱΪþɳĥѣɱ¾Ѫȵĳֽ
һ˲ı仯˵Ӿ
л˱Χ£˿϶취Żߵģлƺǡǡ෴
лǽʮռʯǼ壬¾ȥˡܵлƱ仯Ӱ죬峤µ澹ȻЩˡ
лЦµ棬Ϊ칬ˣҾͻ𣿡ָΧһ˵ȣ߹ϲ̨棬ȻвңǿЦ
л̫ˣ
ֵǶ֣֪칬
һȺ˶ŭˡ
칬ǹϵǿʥأʵǿֲģ˵ĳ֣칬ţʮսʣ칬ߣ϶˼Ȩע칬ģܵлӵԴǡ
л٣µɫҲĿ罣ıлĵˣǾͱҲˣҼҲ˵˵߾ߵĵط
ռūˡлĵ
⻰ͬһм˵
Ͷ֣ģȴתͶ칬ʲôԭԼһеĴ
Ҹ˹ǰҼ壬ٺ٣лٵСվڰµԱߵս۷弶ǿڿˡ
Ѫħʵµʲô㼲
л˫ֵȻһЦȥǣһ˹ʸҽ̸ӣҲǴΪ
ߵĸ˹ʱŭˣⲻ֪ôл£ۣ
˵ǰĸ߸ϣ·һһ㣬ָол൱ʹ졣
лͻء
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϶Ʈȥ
ı񹭻δʽɣл
ǰǰҵʵء϶ЦǱ񹭽лҿһɡ
ӹ񹭣лҲоڴݳһǿϢһսʼеս⡣
Ʒսʼ񹭣ǿлĿǰΪֹĵһˡ
Ϊ伶̫ߣδﵽսʼ϶޷ҡ
лԿ⼫Ʒսʼ񹭣Ρ
ˡ
زһ¹ңʱö죬һεĿռ䲨γɡ
л˹˵
칬ĸֱɱȥǶǶս۷弶ǿߣʵν൱ǿġ
лȻһЦǡ
оһⱬ񹭣뿴ԼܷʱǾʵ̫ˡ
ಣ
ѪħҲ֮ɱȥ
뿪ʹʥʱֻǸոտսʣʱʷǽ൱Ѹٵģѷǵɱȡ
һ˿ǾһѪӰ

ҽд
ս۷弶ǿ߱Ųӣӿ׹ȥǵĺѪħʸץˡ
࣡
ʵĲ࣬δлԶսʵʵ޷սʿ⣬յĶɶģҪ˵Щ칬ĸˡ
ɱˣѪħѸٻع飬ĿŸ˹
һ˹ɫ䣬Ǽİµˣ¶֮ɫս۷弶ɱҲֻǾ֮ġ
лҲڴڼ䣬תۻս񹦹ҡ
ǡ
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ʵҲܼ򵥣սʼսսǶ棬Ǵġ
ȷ񹭲δԼвлˡ
ɱ칬ˣҪ˹ŭ
лȻףĿϬ罣ɭɭĶŸ˹ȽǼɱ˵
С񡭡˹ŭڣ˵ĸ֣Ͷʱˡ
Ϊл˱񹭡
񹭱ңʱһɾųؼԪ·ܵһ㣬ӿ뱬ڣʹñ񹭱һĨ貵Ľɫ⣬ǳелͬսһ㡣
Ҳûţսӿ
žսսͳͳĽڣʹ񹭸ԳƷսʼĸ
ѹǧף˶оεѹ
лûжκμʸ
֪㼶ֻյԪһȥͿԶγ޼᲻ݵҪ˷ʲôʸΪνļʸȥҲ޷ǿֲĶбģǲü϶Ĺ֣ñǿԵġ
µ棬㼲Ͷ֣ʥǱУұ㼲Ѿ䣬ִϢһ磬ٹ飬ŹǼ壬ƫ֪ǰҾֻ㼲峹ˣл嫣ѹ·ף𶯵ļ඼Щܲס
һɫ䡣
ʶлǾ
л١峤µɫ䣬æڡ
˹ֱӴϵлԴĿԣ칬İΧ£ȻŰ裬ұɱ㣡

лĺȳһ֡
Ҳɿ˹ҡ
ˡ
Ҿ𶯣һ֧˸ɭ亮âĹ㸡ֳĺХƿն·Ҫ谭һ㡣
䣬ڿһߡ
Ŀֱָ峤µһɼĺĲʮˣΧȻҲս۷弶ĸ˹ҲڱԵˡ
Ϊǣ˹ŭȳ֡
칬ص츳Ҳ൱ĸ߳ڴδӴлЩ˵һֱǲмһˣߵĻлûʸģЩʣҪлġ
ۼл֣˹ӽնҪնлĹлһɫ
ĽӳȥʱоԾ
ǹ洫̫Ӵˣǿе޷ܵĵزǻδǿֲȻ޷ˡ
лƾսֻһ߿ĽսʾİǶ֣мƷսʼ񹭼ӳ֪һôĿֲսܹ˵á
أ
˹һ㱻ǿȥҲл˵ǰ㣬ڿСȥʮףҲÿ˼ʮˣǱ¶ǹĹ֮¡
ˣ
峤µڸ˹ָŵʱ򣬾ȻоΣ˻߰ķһ˻
еļĲܹʮˣڳľʮ֮࣬Ƕڴˣô岻Զˡ
ͳͳչħӰ
Ϊʮؼ֮һħӰ÷ŷǷٶȷҲʮ־˵ġ
Ϊ˻Щ˶ǳˮƽķٶȡ
Լ峤µλһս۷弶ĸٶ죬սȫ汬ٶˡ
ˢһ£ʮ˱˷ȥԶѾ뿪׵ľ롣


1356  
ݣ
ǹȴ˸еԽܵļХХ
ûлκһˣлҲûҪһˣĿһȥġ
ࣣ
·ˮ
гһռŤһ˲䣬˶Ŀʮĸַ·𱻶һ㣬ԭӣһģǹȥ
˸е˼顣
ʵǿ˶֪Ǹʮĸֱˣǵٶȫ汬ٶȵĹǰԵ̫̫ˣԽȥǵٶȻδƶһ˿һء
ĹŹһĻ
ӹȥٿǼʮ֣һһ󲨶֮Ȼը
ʮһ⣬ͳͳĻһƬѪͳͳ
˶ĵһһɱʮǿߣս۷弶ĸ˹Ǻε
ɸǸеȻǽһĻ
ݣ
ǹԽǧ׵ľ룬ֱӺмʩչռ壬һɽҲǼפڲߵһɽ
䣡
Уռѣǹûɽ֮ϡ
ŸɽȻ
פڶʱһƬ֮УֻһɱʮˣһǿУҡ
лֽ׸϶
ɱҲ˵һ˸е֡
һʱ䣬裬壬϶Ѫħȫж
϶֪֮ǲսʵĶ֣ѡ񹥻ĵˣǿľ׼սʼǿߡ
Ѫħɱȥ
Ψлһˣ̤սǿɱȥûбҲ趯ñһ˫㹻
ɱ˹һѪ֮ܵصĴŭķһսһɱ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬Ųӿ졣
սһսս⡣

ڼפħӰڲģٴһΣɵΣԼ˵̫Щսһ¡
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Щ˿ɶսʼǿߣҲǾһ˲׽һӰˢˢĻӶնʱһƬӰɢ
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ڵǽٶȥˡ
˹лǰϺȵ
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ӵɨ˸˹һۣ˴ӸߵΪǵı֣лоЦ˵Ҳֳ칬֮˵̬ʥǿģǾøһȣӵĳ֣Ϊ֮ϴ˼Ծ͸Ҫѵˡ
ڻԾ
лһϽɢ䣬˲ϢһӸΧڿգڻ̾ᣬʷգǿ

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˹Ҳ൱ˣ˷ҲǶõķǳ㣬һǽʷӰ
֮һ󲨶
ʷӰӲû顣
˵˹㵣лҲһ֪ʷ֮֮ͻ֮ħɷǿȴû뵽ǿᵽ˹ĵزս۷弶ǿһȻ޷
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ڴͬʱͬ˹һս۷弶ǿԼ칬սҲвȻɱ
ݡ
һʱ䵶⽣Ӱлϡ

ײϣ׷ڽ棬ǽħ׷׵ʷѸţ
ƾǹҲǽӳѺۣȻδѣӲҪ˵˵лֺˡ
ҲᣬлİƳ˹ȥ
˲䣬˹ﻹ˵òģƴһˣˤǿƺȴָⴥ
϶ʱѪۣҲսɢͷһģЩѡ
䣡
˹Ես۷弶ֵĵڶѾѵĽӺ飬Ҳȵл޷Ը˹ɱɱĵڶ
ɱ㣡л۱ս۷弶ǿߡ
˵ҲѸٵĺˣսʼֻϡ
лЦһεȥ

ʼʩɲǼħӰأлֱӴԽĴսʼɵķһȭػˡ
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սչֳˡ
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ս߶϶սǴﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣлܹĽսʿ
ս۷弶ǿ߼״ɫ䣬Ҫӣٶʵ޷лǰռƣֻܱ
أ
лһȭٶȴǽ档
ͿǽڰݣһӲӵķ·ֱ͸ǽ赲צĻд˵š
ۣ
˵һѪξ޲һɣǽ׹䣬лץУһͱ˵ĺ
ûڷ
Ϊһȭ͸ȻˣϾûʥлǰı̬
նɱս۷弶ǿߣıлٿȻתЩɱսǡ
Щս֮߰࣬лһۣŵһͣΣս۷弶ǿʬ׹䣬ŵòĵˡ
ᣡ
ʧһ˲䣬л̽ٶȷӵ˼ޡ
Ƶ
ȫٶȵı
лһƵشսʵǰԽȥҲ˹ţǰսҽжûһĴӿ׹ȥ
ɱˡ
սʱԶһսܱȵģл޷ԽսҪ˵ˣȻʧûмоεֿ
ɱսʣǼлսɱ⡣
ɱͬľ˹е
㣬㲻ɱң칬˹ˣﻹзŵĸ߰˵
лǰһ˵ĻᣬӵֱϵҲҪ
һնȥ
ڶԽȤл㽫⽣ʩչ
һ·һпռ䣬ɱ˸˹·ߣȵֵֻֿܳ

һ֮£Ǹ˹е˵ǿֲ˫۷飬ʮס
лǸ°׷ɱȥڶٶնöս
սǿʢӽı趷

ڶ֮£˹޷ܣ䶷ױ㣬˫۱ļѣнҲס˳ȥ䱾˸ǱѪײһɽɽ档


1357  ռɽ
ۿŸ˹Ĳлֽ̧н˳ȥ񽣻һĿи˹Ҽ磬ûɽֹһ±㽫䶤ɽ棬ʹĸ˹ҽвֹ
־Ŀл칬εȸ߳лĥǵһΣ뵽лں칬ݣһлеĸо
ۼ˹ˣЩ칬ﻹҾ׷׵ӴܣûƬ̣һǧ칬֮ˣӵӰˡ
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֣ĻҾֻ˵ԲˣͬսҲǺ͹صģ԰ɣл֡
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ޡѪħʼĽг漴϶һţϸĿڵۣ˵ֻϴۣôۣӵ׵繵ͨҾҪˡ
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𣡡
ŭˡ
׷һŭȫ׹ǵֻ۾˸ĵۼ˸ɭĺâҪˡ


1361  ġ
ԭ̵ֿ֣ʼĵģȴлѪħʵһԻʶлѾǿǶ޷ĵزȻսʼû
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л۶ǵ⣬Ҳˡ
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лһұ΢һ֮ǰٶָ̽ȭͷץȥ
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ۣл漴̤ɱȥ
Ŀлֱֻʵ֣ŵĻɢʱʶԼԵжôǿ
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һһ֣ٶ񱩷ˡ
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չٶȡ
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µĿޣȻڶսʵĻǰһ󲽣ѾͻƵıԵⶼ֣ͨõĲִиİл𣬸ˡ
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ȻˣҲӣҪлһɫҲһصӣԲͻȻ͵Ϯġ
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վ޳ֹܲƽսôǽɱ֣˵ʲôأлһĲֶΡ
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лһѹϢУһе̬ͷͷսʣ
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˼лܹѸ͵ģﻹҳֶԿƴֹסαҪߡ
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лһϺȣһűݺݵ̤ȥ
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˿񱩵ʵĶ޷ֿ׷׵ɢʹ˫۾ʹޱȣѪֱ˫ݣֱϥλá
֣û뵽лȻǿƣĿǰǿʶ˱
һɱ֣Ҳ˲ˣһɱȥ
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л
𣡡
Хֹֻ۲㱻ڳȥҲŵ²ѣ˷л׺ݵĽеۼɵֻ۱һֱʮ׵ĵ򣬲ѸٵѹԼȭͷСХŷлҲࡣ
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ʵҽȻ̤³ֱ䣬ϣż֣Բ֮Уգͬʱ΢һȭȥлմȭҲץȥһץסĵ
ʱҲһ̶һ㡣
һ֫ĵ뿪ԿĴ֡


1362  ټ֣»һ
ʱ䶨
˶л˫˫ʩչԿĴֵһĻ֮࣬Щģлܹס
Ҫ֪ʿǻʵս۷弶ǿߣȫ֮£Ȼǣл൱գ֣ǿƴɱʣܷԿأ
ֵûɡ
ˣлı֣ȻӮʥǵĻǣ֣ɥˣǵָȨᣬû˱ϣⲻô˵ǿĿŵĸԷСЬģǵȨ֣ģ뷴ڶС
꣡
һ춯
ȴȫһĵлһץ飬űǻյȭѣһӲӵĹâлȭͷ֮ϱȥһȭɲսıƶնʩչ
һȭһγɡ
ۣ
ǵȭػڻϣֻлԿĴ֣޷ۼ̫ʹһȭޣˣԾǻյǰ֮һһ׵ѪֱۣߣɭɭĹͷ¶ˣնĻղҽŵˤȥ
Ƕʵֵ֣úȥ
ֻ֣ݱϾһ㣬лԽѵȴڽ̡Ľսܲ
Ľ΢һ
һӿȥͽ֣еԲ֮ˣǿҲ֣Ѫɳȥ
΢ȻȻлһץסԲ֮Ҳȥ䵶˸նѹȵ°ݵʡ
һնУʱɡ
лֵˣ䶯״֪ԼеıˣˣǾ鷳ˡ
һͣ
˿ȥͿлֳ䵶ʵ棬Ͳһ߱նУɭĺâ͸նʵһͷеͷವģͷѵĿ£Ҳһ˿塣
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˵꣬Ҳỹ飬תߡ
ҡ֣쿴Բ֮ҪҪȴֲ˵Ͼ˷лƽȴʺͻҲˣƻ˹ء
䶯л֡
𣿡лԲ֮˿ûзӦ⵶Ҫ黹ġ
⵶ֵ֣ġ䶯
𣿡лĵȻģΪʲôУͺ˾ΪʲôʺͻҲһΪУӦҪض԰ɣܲƫ˵İɡ
䶯챻˵úΣҲǻУҪƻصġ
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νֻҪԵȵĽСлҲ֪̫֣Բ֮Ҫ黹Ȼͻ⡣
֮£䶯ֻóһλε񵶣ͬ
лɨһۣ֪ѵҪԲ֮ѸһЩ䶯˵Ѿ㹻ˣ̫֣ƽ޹ʧһϺõ񵶣ѾǷһˡ

⵶͸ˡлֽӸ˫ֵ̥еϴ󣬵õĽ
ӵ֣ϲѡ
лִӿռָѡһ񽣣ֻѽļȽǰѵҪѷɫһЩֻͨлնɱĸ˹ս۷弶ͬõģֶãֵˣԺ󵶽ϲⰵһ壬Ҳʱһˡ
Ȼлʧͬĵ
ֵܲѡ
սˣлʤ֣䶯·ǳ𺳣ЩӰˣһЩ棬ǴȫʤʥһЩˣ˸߲ҵ뿪ˡ
۴֣Ůر𿪱ٳһطרŹʥǵ˾סλŮפصĶ棬ΧҲ൱Ĺ㷺Ժ֮ĶʥԼǣõǷ氲֮ġ
ҲԼĴ
ҴͷԸȥʼ׼ףˡ
ʱȻУΧһٱףԲ˵ľ׷л뿪ӵľ
лҲû˹ѪӡѪħ塢ڤͰǧ壬ʷǲ˵ģɽľҲȥϾʥǺĻܣԼˣҲͱȥлУɽǶԼԺĵ
л٣ȻȥＸ£սˣҿǺ֣棬ڹƶڳüأʲôѩ尡һɶģƶΪʲôѡ䶯֣ء۽ܴЦ
˺ȻЦ
Ц꣬۽ЦĿл˵лǲǸ÷ŵѪľѪ͸զҲҵĶϬţ׼ء
ٺ١Ѫħһ۽ܶлĳƺ֪ݲһ㣬һԺٺֱЦ
лȻԶϬţЩ䣬ⱾĽħ裬ֻһ֮䣬һȴʹʥԼΣյʱðԼԶԶϬţһЩмģϬţ˽׹ؼˣ
۽һ
һӰϬţС
ţ׼ս۷弶ˡлվǰţһ߱ɽսʼˡѪħ֣㾫Ѫ
Ѫħʶʱ
㣬֪ҵľˡţ𣿡л

ٶȴЦ
л˵ѪħʲŲò˵ѪڿǾ߱˳ʮսʵľ磬ѪںľѪһ˿ɱ䣬ħ޶Ҫۺˡ
лһ㣬ǾѪ͸Ϭţ
Ϭţ㱻۽ʼսʽ
˵Ц䣬ˡ
л٣˸һš
лӹţ˭ġ
һ˰нӸҵģдҪлش
ͷߣлҩָ޷Ӧ֪沢ûʲôè壬ͽŴˡ
ݺ٣ֻȼ֣賿ī֣֡»


1363  ټ֣»
Ȼ
л֣»֣һ˿Ц⣬ǰҹռ֮󣬱лйʱ˺Ϊ֣»ŵ֣ʮС棬ɫϿɵģֻǺ⵽֣ӶᣬΪ˸ʹĴ۲ٴγɳġ
Ȼδм棬֣ڲ鱨һֱ֣»ṩģʥܹ֣ռƵĹؼڣ˵ʵԣҲ˽֣ҵõ֤ʵ
˵֣»һ͵л֣ҵһöҪӣҲǵ߸֣ĸ
֪ô֣֮»ٶԼ棬ʲôϢʲôı仯أЩڴˡ
һٷ԰գ˵Ц䣬ɫ
лȻ뿪īڡ
νīŮפڣɽеɽжһľīͨںڣһ꣬ͷųɫʹɽпȥӵĪ⡣
ī־λлסĵطǺԶλá
л֮󣬱ʩչĶͨΧҲһò֮ϣܼ֦ҶӰӳ䣬˺ѿĴڣлվڸߴܣǿܹŮפ۵ס
ĿԶԿ
ܵľ˶һľУһֱлһ⣬Ǿľʼ޷ﵽ磬ʱһθеľȻںϣߵһĺȴǸһŻǱĸ׵ӡ
л겻ѡ
лǬΪ꣬ĸΪʮ꣬лǬȻָһϳ̬Ψĸʼδۼһ棬ʹľҲʼ޷ﵽ״̬

뵽δıĸףл̾һ޷ĸף޷ﵽľ״̬ɡ
ЩãȻĿԶڵķŲԡ
ʱǰȥˣȵĽ飬ǰһУʲôԭ򣬶Ҫĸ׻صʥǣһžۡ
ɳɳ
ʱŲҶ
лŤͷȥֻӰԶһ˺Ȼ֣»겻Ȼʮ֣»ȥӵĳأʵҲǴﵽ׼սʵľ磬νǳɳѸ͡
һȥҲʮߡ
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л˵ʱͷһһ۱㿴˵ʵ磬ǱĽսʼľ硣
һֱлԵĶսʣʱƣѪӡĳ׽ĽսϵǿҲʼ½ˡ
֣֡лһΣ֣»ǰ
ٶ̫죬ëϢͻأĳ֣˵֣»޷ӦĽսʶδ˿Ĳ
лվڽǰĽսҲһЩȵĿлȻлٶȣе档
л֣þòлֵԽԽˡ֣»Ц
лֹ֣ˣλĽսǣ
֣»Ĵָл۹ⶾһ۱ϳĽսʣѹҶ˵лֻܹƾսʴĽսء
ҶӸҶᡣĽսҽܵ
Ҷ֣ҵһСҶˣҶû䣬ֻʣ޼ˣеѾ׹ͨУٴðǿˡ
лֿɻǵã˵֣ǰܹΪϹߴ֮һΪ£ʮС壬Ҷұ֮һҶһ䣿֣»޸пĵҲôΪģ룬ǰ꣬ȴһЩҶҵĺᣬʱ֪ԭҶǰ꽫ҶҵѪת֣һΪ֣˵ġ
лҶӸ
ĽսʣսŽȻͬĸоǾսǰľ磬˵ԸģҲȻȻͷųսʵѹһĸš
ĽսʾȻȫ˺ѿľ粻˵ͬһͨһ㣬еƷ豹ˡ
ҶӸͬлһĸоǾֻһ׵ľ룬лҩָȴ΢Ĳ
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ǰжˣлʵ
ҶӸ֣»һۣлٵҩָȻûҵȷо綾޷Ҫ»лٰæⶾġ
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ҩָҶӸǰλá
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Ƭ̣һбָ
ҶӸ£תͣͣɵôϲлл綾ҶӸм
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֣»һЦҶϣȻҪлͽ֪лְɣڶ֪ء
лҶӸ֪ȻҪ鱨ġ
ҶӸ˵л٣ĽսʣҲĳ֪Ľսȫأ£սҲء
ţ
лΪ鱨ǹ֣ģû뵽Ȼôһ鱨һ˵ĳϡ
սʳأȼӦò˿ɣսʳˣҲҪңս۷弶ǿ߲ȶصģģĽսʣսʳ֮죿лü
ҶӸѪӡеϵ
ôлʶԺԽԽǿĵˣɲˣĳǿ߸óˡ
Ľսϱи߽սˣԭҪأǰսʳػҪѣ˵սʣߺ۷弶Ҫµʱܹ࣬۷弶ȶأĽսʣǸѣ֮ǰǳĽսʳ֮Ҫ£ʱ䣬Ľս۷弶ǿ߳أɾѪӡױ֮ԭҪһ²ܳصңȻֻ費ʮˡҶӸϸĽ͵ϸоŷ֣ǳػӦúͶ嶷еϵ
Ŀһ䣬лǶ嶷ˣֶΣ
ҶӸͷȷˣ϶ͨѪӡǵ˺ܴĸţʱ򣬲֪Ϊʲôľң߻ħΣգֻܷŻٶȣȴû⣬ʶٶȼӿ죬ҳ֮󣬿ɶ϶Ľս۷弶Ҳ½أЩ츳ߵѾˣսʣսʣ߽սȼƺҲ˵õǳٵǾһˡ
߽սһ³أлɫЩ
ԭһ׶ͽսʳӰ첻ٶҲǳģ˵ĽսʴսҲδػĵز
һսϵǿ֣߳Կˣ߽սʣǾͲˣܹѸٵʵȻ֮һ߽׵սʶܽɱˡ
ֽصڶʱ򣬶ֻɷʱˣܹɱ֮ڶࡣ
Ҫ֣Ψڴڼ䣬Щͻҷɡ
ֻսʼϣͻס
Ȼ߽սʼأǰ˽սʣŽսأл


1364  
ʮսУǵĳأǾҪ̫ʱˣлʱȥǣĵܹٳصЩȽ׵սǡ
ҶӸҡͷȼ̫ߣҲûӴ֣ұڣߵҲսʰˣ׺߽սʵ˵Ǵһﴫģ˽׾Žսʣûⷽ˵ˣһܵǲ͸¶ġ
ˡлɫ
֮ǰﵽսʣúɨһݣҲǽиǿ߳أҲǽٴܵ˴ѹعһֱ֡
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лȻĴﵽǰ㾳磬ҲǵģͻأϢ뵽࣬綷嶷Ϊ϶ԭģӻ߽սʳأǷıйصȵȡ
Щ棬֪ʵڲ࣬޷жϵĳһָо붷嶷йصģȻıйȻĻ嶷ȫĵȥָԼóʱЩʲô壿ıйصĿԸ
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лüëһ£
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һἰлȷˣһֱƣ֣巽ʥ٣ô£ѵ֣ҷһڵأɣ
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˸սӴʱ˱仯һǸ̵üļ䣬ǺȻǷ͵һ׵ıԴ֮


1365  ˮ齻ڡһ
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һ㱾Դֻ֮ݴڣģȻΪʲôʼնδκεķӦأΪһֱûʼоԼⱾԴ֮ͨ
ҪлһȻ֪ڱԴ֮ģû뵽˸տʼͼ˱Դ֮
ı仯лҲٿȻÿ
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˴Ŀԣһĸо·ⱾԴ֮ǵϵܹ͸˴˵˼
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һ˲䣬ӰļԳٶѸ͵תۼ䣬ԭֻǿ𼶱Ӱֱӱɶȥˣٶлզ಻ѡ
Ҫ֪лĿԼ״׿ʼḶ́һǳḶ́Ҫȡ׵羫࣬׵֮лɾģ˵ɫĳ֣ƺ״׾磬һлδ˵ľҲΪ֮ǰ˺ʵĻ
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ӰǴлϻعڣõԴ֧֣֮֮Ȼתл棬ʹЧʥصڻԾħĻѸٵǰ
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Ǽʱл̶ûз֣ǵھҵļУ䶷սӰڽе׶һЩ΢ı仯
Ⱦ̵Ķлս
˴˽·Ҳͬһ㣬ˮ齻ڣں֮£еڳȻ̵֣ᷢĶɱ䣬ԭֻͨˮԶսĽڣɱ䣬·˶ɷ֮ﵽ˽ӽսĵزΪսҲΪֻûлսǿ
˵лսǶ˱Ļô̵սǶңȻ˾ޱ䣬ܹսġ
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л̸Ǻ֪顣
һж׵һ㱾Դ֮


1366  ˮ齻ڡ
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Ӱõ൱ıԴ֧֮֡
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׵һ㱾Դ֮Ǻεȵã̾޷ͨȻᵣģӶ޷һЩˣǻлûʧʱ򣬵Դ֮֮ȱ仯ľ̵ľǰʱļ尾ľ˵ˣԺǺʲôˣ˾һµĺ̡
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ҾͲţ˹壬ıû׼ٺ٣𱻰ıˡл΢һǲһ˿Ц⣬ƾ԰ıʶı϶ˣôͻǶóԾԼһ˽ĻᣬȻų⣬Ǹɴ;ıԼ
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1367  ۻָһ
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˶ӣȻмɵ֮ģԽġ
лǡǡ෴飬Ͳ뵽ǵǸģַǸǿҵЩ仯
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սɽŮ;УлһֱоսһЩص㣬飬εĲģЧս򲻹һףȻܹ˵顣
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лһƮһƮ裬ɵضӦŭһ££̧ͷһɵˣɢȻҲ൱һϣȹ


1368  ۻָ
ںֱӶϣٱ֮ǰһ޷Σδܵ˿ĴˣĽȴһϮѩ׵ȹ˺һġ
էȥͺ񱯴ߵС⵽лһ㡣
ȹҷɣ¶κ˶ҪѪŵ壬ļʵأϸ¡β޳˫ȣһһ͸֮Ѫ̫ˡ
лĿù壬ٴοֳ֮£ȻЩѪڣֱðģĶѩ׵塣
ȹƮƮ޷ڡ
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Ҳйлľ飬ǸǼ̣ӲĿ֮£Ŭȶľ߶һηѹȥں档
飬𣬼ǳԽսʼĴڡ
Ǻεȵľ磬ĴڣҲ췭ظĴ仯䱾񽣣˿̵õļ룬ɲǼ䷢ʱ䣬ųһսʼеϢӵϬ
Ƿ֮ವģˣһ±ʧл׹ߣʱѹӭϬĿ⡣
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лǽһưԼ͸һ飬ǳ飬Ѿĵͷ˼ƹԼ˭Լ԰̶ȣպЩŮ֮࣬ĽһѿڣȻ˵ôһ佻׵Ļ
Ҳ컻·ɣǰ԰ԼĶˣȻȷˡлֱĿǱȹǰλãܹһƬѩ׵ͻ𣬻ж˵һ̺졣
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סһ̣ŵϸһĨ˵ĺΣһĨʣЩĿлϣ񷽲齻սĹһȻ

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ڵʵһȫʩչһξһǧף·Χֱ̫ˡ
գۼ䣬㵽Ƿ֮ʥڵء
ﲢûжԵʲôַֹһлɣблǷԵģҲл
ֱӵ֮ʥĴֱ·лĶߵ˵
лĶ䱻ġ
һ㰴˵Ƿ֮ʥ·׿Ƿ֮ʥĻܴһƽʯ飬͸һ˿ĹϢ
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϶ʱһЩţһǷ֮ʥĻ档
֮лͿǻ·ܵĳǣĸһתŵУֱ֮ͨʥλá
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Ԫȴ쳣ĳ档
ֻлľ쵽Ԫ޹أҲ֪Ƿ֮ʥԵʣԪȻǴԵģлȻ޷ٿǲȥԪ·ҵҵ˺ӣۼȥʵеõ
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Ҽǵ÷֮ʥʥʱɹıԴ֮ǷҪʵ
лѿڵҪ
öۣҪԴ֮Ĵ̼»ָǡڵռ俪ܹޣ֤ٶȲġ
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лóöۡ
ѾͷκεĿϢˡ
籾Դ֮£ö棬Ѹٵ͸ȥԭѾö۱΢΢ĲűԴ֮ͣͷųһ˿˿ĿϢǡָۣٶȺܿ죬յ籾Դ֮Ҳġ
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ûĵΪ籾Դ֮ܶడ
ʲô˼лȻ
֮ʥڵ籾Դ֮ޣ֮࣬ԴڣΪ֮ʥӶȥˣõܱõģ»ع˼磬ô䣬һЩıԴ֮εʥ֮Ȼʣ޼ЩһֱԴ֮ˡ˵
лһۣɣһŪ籾Դ֮ء
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㻰أҪԴ֮ʲô
ȻôлüҲûΪս飬ϾֻҪսͻᱻ˷ֵģûҪġ
лиطṩ籾Դ֮


1369  ˵еһһ
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ԣûõһҪս׵ģԭʷ˿ṩ֮ģΪʷ״ѣŲòҪȼ꣬ѾлЩץˣ̫ս֮󣬶İжˡ
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ɶɽѹ˼õͨȻۼ˴籾Դ֮꣬Ȼ籾Դ֮ģԵģ˼͵ħĿռ϶δȫɱ϶Ҳۼ˴ĵħıԴ֮ҲȻ۳˵ħıԴ֮лܵĵȥɱǿռ϶ʱ򣬿ɱ֪ͨҡ
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˼ΪѪӡԵʣڳɳڣûһɳģѵûа취ԸһлüǶһгɳĽ
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лҪʱҲЩʱգţʹնɱĻԶһЩӰأ


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ٲȥʲô˵Ŀ£лʩչٶȣһ㣬Ǻˮȥ
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ͬʱҲīĺһ⣬磬ٿŵҹ飬ƬԲԼǧ׵λöյ쳣Ҫ͵Ϯǲܵġ
лĿܹһֵľʯţһĨѪתš
Ѫлûɵ뵽櫡
ֱǣѪµģҪħʨģҲΪԼħַ
Ǿʯ棬һöһ״Сľ޵
˵ͨ嶼ͼƷţ˸ŵĹΣ͸һɵһ˿ѹ
ǻħʨ
ȴʨʯ໹ֻӴĺޡ
һֻ壬ӽ׵ӣͷŻʹһͨ嶼ϸܵƬ䱣ʵʵġ
ʹں
һֻޣףۣ֫׳֧ףͨɢŨصѹ
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Ľսʣϣ
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һСȳƵʵתƵҲޣҪƾ賬ٶȳɱȥ
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δޱ׷һͳ˻𣬡࣬ȻˣǾɣĿлڵλá
лһüȻˡ
֪Ϊʲôͫ˵޷ˣֻҪƬͺ޲ͬϢͻᱻֵġ
ಣ
лɲô࣬̽ٶȷӵޣһ쭶Ŀֱָʨ
ٶһǿɴﵽ˲Ϣǧ׾ġ
˷ȫʩչֻһգ۵ĹлǾʯ棬ӵʨնȥ
𣡡
޷һŭ𣬺ȥ
ٶȾȻҲлҲйأڵĺˮѹǳлʵǿܵӰ죬ǡǡ෴ڣܹٶٶȵһ࣬ʶٶڴ˳֮£˿лġ
ײʵ֡
ޱǺħޣײ˺ҧµһγײʵɽһСɽײġ
ͷϵǷޱȣ·һ
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л΢΢һЦŤһ£ˮβ㣬ɲǼ仯Ӱİ£Ȼ޵ĳ´ԽȥֱʨĽǰ
һ˲䣬ǾʯѪŶȻһɸΪ˵߽սʵһ±㽫ʨͬʱʨѣħʨˡ


1372  ʨ
ǡ
һ󣬿лĶУȴͻأľ׻Ҫ𺳣Ķ֮˼¡
ħʨˣ
лȫǰǳײǹ档
أ
Ƶ춯Уһɾ˵ķлȵĶɢ˸ͬߵķݣһµȥʮ׵ľ룬ǿֹסΣ޺ͻʹںȴδǾʯСĴ棬䱸Ŀлս̬
лҲ˵ԴϢĻᡣ
ǿǻħʨĿͬڵëԾʪģʨģͷ­ǣһ߷緶쳣ϬճʵӦõֻڵڼѡ
էȥȴ񣬲أֻҪ˿һۣͻ֮Ŀ´ڡ
𣡡
ħʨһͳ˻ȴ͸һĪѹĽսʼ޺ͻʹں˼£ڵأĿη塣
࣡
˶ĵҲǲһ׳Ķһ£ʪҺͳͳɢҲ֮һ䡣
·һ˲ɳΪµߡ
ħʨƳлһۣ⣬Ŀ˶ĵ棬⵰ʹʥ֮ͬ⵰أֻҪ£Ѹٵĳɳ
ħ޵Ŀ£ճͫ񻢵˵ֻҪµǣɱ죬лԼϡ
лϵʱɢݳһŨɭɱ⡣
뽫նɱ
ػħʨĹ߽ս۷Щδȹ̾ľŽսʿҲͷۣǻδʽأͻе侳ĿܣֻܷӳһǷӸ߳ɣͻΣա
ػֵĳ֣ҲףΪʲôڴغħ޲ࡣ
ƹ֣̫ˡ
лתĿǾʯϡ
ṩ˷ʯٵȻƻʹں޲ʱ򣬳ûҲǵľʯ⵽
ˣлһХ

һûӰÿһӰַ·ƣ˸ӵѱ٣ЩӰ˷ǾʯŸ͵Ŀײȥ
𣡡𣡡
ħ޼״ͬʱһŭ
̼ӿ񱩵ˮһˮ˷ɢȥݡһƬ£Ӱɢ
лҲֳǻʹں࣬ɵǾʯеһžͶݺݵȥ
󷨣ֻҪһųִ󣬾ͻгױϵĿܡ
ಣ
£ǻʹں޴βҲ׺ݵĳȥ
ս
лȫսһԶͳͳɵڣʹɵâʢƣɫݣͬ񵶰㣬صĲȥ
꣡
ޱȵɵֱӽǸŸ飬ɵû뽫ʮףǿսҲӵϱһ㣬ɵΪģǾʯѣɢһѺۣ˲Ϣнٸű顣
ͬʱǻʹںβͳ
أ
͵ĳ
ֲҲ˲ıɵǾʯлûжԿɵ洫Ҫˣ˫飬ץɵ˴ȥһع֣ŷ˶ʮҲ
л۽Ƴػħʨˣͷɵһϲȴеһ˻ӱ
޿
Ұײɽɽײ
ڻԾħ壡
лˣϵԼķܶʱһӲӵĽӣʷ˰裬мͫ񻢳Х·ħ̾ᣬѸٵĴӰصı
أ
Ұĳ
޵Ƿ
ǡ
һʱϣħ޹ӰӸѺۣȴδѣлȴٶڿա
ڿһ˲ϢһβҲٶȳ
ʹںϵ޷ɱĳ
Ʒ磡
ۼβͳٶƣлһȣ΢΢ζɲǼʧ
ƾ賬ٶȣԻõѰħ޵Ӿǣлƾʧһ㣬ǵעûӰٶȳ֣ȻǻħʨͷϷɵҲ߸߾
ͻأĳǻʹں޶Ϊ֮ȻȻδ뵽л˾
ǻħʨȴɫ쳣
ոճһڵǶѣſʼɳһȻƽͬһɽûһ˿¶ֻǻͷ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һʨը졣
лħʨһɾ˵ѸٵĴȫл۹ȥ
͸һ˿ϢĿζħɷϢױоֽȻͬζֳħʨе
һһ⻷л
δжٹɱԵϾħʨδµǣѸٳɳȴ߱ǳµá
лⱾޱȼ͵ˣһ˲ʧ˳֣ħʨѸٵſҪǶ̷ȥͬʱʹںҲ˺ţһеĳɱȥ
֮лʧֻһգ۵Ĺˡ
ܵħʨ˹ĹҲʹлΧŻħʨеϢǱħɷ֮Ϣ
Ϣ
лһѸתʥȻһϢ㱻һԶ롣
ʥʼǷȱľǻ֮ħɷħʨħɷȴǱȻ֮ħɷֹ߳һ𣬼֮ںϢޱȡ
Ҳֻôһգ۵Ĺ޵ĳ㵽ˡ
ħʨҲһǵǣֻҪڵɼﵽʵǳ˵ĵزҲͷ͸űɱĿ⿴лȴлһĨЦĿ⿴
һ˿⣬һĨϻħʨͷ
ףͼлƮһ̣޵ĳеţɵضš
޶
ɵֱӱлָ˳ȥ
ˢ
ӹѿա
µǵĻħʨҪſɻָԴƵʱ򣬿ɵ۱âй
꣡꣡
â谭ɵֱӾ͸նˣҲڻħʨǰӹ
ˢ
ɵӻħʨĲ·ӹȥưȦ»عС
ԭ񱩳Ҳͣ
Ƿ׷׵Ŀǻħʨ
ͼħʨҲ߰ʮ׵彩ӲԭأһεεѪӲȥһѪ·ǧµĺˮУ˸ѹ޷ɢ
ͨ
ħʨǲ֮ɫֱĶлˤĿ
Ȼʼɵȴһ̱ɱ
ʱ·һ̶˰㡣
лŵģŷ£ȴҲеѹڵǹɻħʨϢѸٵתǽӵУϢħħɷĹŹϢһУ̽ԭƽʷ֮֮֮ͫħ֮ħɷˣϢָˣѸٵĻۣɢۣںϣ̣̼˲ǧٴΣϢȫںֳһлΪ֮㵵ı仯


1373  ɱ
ƣ
еϢںϻۣǧٴεĴȻڹκһħ޵ӰǻһӲӵĶ״Ưǽӵҡ
ƣлǷһ˿Ц⡣
ʥĵرΪػʥ壡
νػʥ壬ǱﵽǷزı֣˵֮ǰͨпܴﵽһ̶ȣǴӵؿʼ˴˵µĵز
ʥİػʥ壬֮ͻ֮۳һֶƣ˶뱾һЩϵƯΧŵ˵ĹʩչߵΧصƯһԶȥģƱػҲﵽһߵĵزʥ壬һЩ˵ųǿʥΪػʥ塣
ֻʥػʥصΪػ֮ܵģȴǣлǵصػʥ廹൱ľ룬ȴӲ۳ôһػ֮ܣҷڣѾʼƫʥԭ·ˡ
лʼҪ߳Լһȫµ֮·
𣡡
𣡡
ŭл˼
޺ͻʹںĶлױȵıŰϢȫӿž˵
أأ
ŭŲ춯˸һˮɫĹΣҲѸٵķŴ󣬴ﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ʹںҲͷ­ſѪ죬¶ɭɭѩݣ˺һУȫƬһĨѪɫĹΡ
ԱŭĽսʼޣлδȴǰһɵ𣬷Ϊɱħʨʼδ棬ɲˣɵңָޣս
лҪʽսĽսʡ
Դսʿʼκ˾޷Խս֮ǰҲƶϿԣȴδȥǷԡ
ҪȥΪ˵
𣡡
ʹںȱŭ
Ӵ೤жʮ׵ĳȣͬҪƬ俪һ㣬ݺݵл
лХսҰ
ڵս·ҵĻ棬ɵڣʹɵһʮ׳ľ޴ĵâҲһλ˰㣬Ӷɵβ׺ݵնȥ
ƶն
ֱӵײ
ǲͬģͬȾͬ㣬ĳ򣬾Ľսʵȫնµġ
лһԿ֤սܷĽսԽս
ƿգЦ߶ĺˮֿɵУǾգһ㺣ˮĴڡ
أ
صײһ
һʱ䣬ѪƬɵȻնʹںβͽʮףۻʹںȴ𶯵лλζ¡
ս۷弶ԿͨĽսʣʤ
𣡡
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лսӿ
ˣ
ǿսӵбȥ·һ籬ȥһ㣬һ½ǿסɵβ͸ˡ
лֱγɵʹĻʹں
Ƶ磡
޷񹥻лٶޣһ㣬ɱмȥ漴ƹһߣǻʹںͷࡣ
޶+ƶն
߼ƶն޶ļӳ£ںһ
ǰ˴󶷼ڡ
лӵն
ݣ
߼ƶն̺ƵľսԽı֮£صǻʹںߴ紦
⿰˵һһ
꣡
һľŤͷȥʱðǺȻ֮ɫŵĿǰһĻ
ĽսʵĻʹںлһ˶ͷ­նˡ
лޣֽʹںʬռָȻһץǻħʨʬҲռֵָˡ
𡫡
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ˣ
лɲЩᵶȥ
˻һתܣȻûӦսĵлնʹںľٶˡ
ƴٶ
лǹճһȣȶƵҲȫ淢ӳһ㵽޵
ߵȻһת׺ݵһͷлײ
Ȼթܡ
ͻأķҲǽ졢ݡ׼ӵ쾡£ԳħеǻۣǲСġ
ػ֮ܣ
лһ䣬ֽӣһתŵػ֮ܣٵķɵлǰԼ׵ĵطסһ
꣡
εķȫıػ֮ǿվδﵽصػʥ徳磬Ȼһײ顣
ͬ൱赲߳ɣٶҲˣײǽӷ棬ȴδײѿлɵҲû޵۾׺ݵȥ
ۣ
۾εֿ̺žսɵһ´͸ǿսĴ߶֮£׺Ķ޵ͷ­
л漴γɵ
Ѫӿ
ĲҽţҪķҲҪл汳ģٶȳлɵȻ˸ɭĺâĲϷӶն
Դǿ
лɱĽսʼĺޣսǸ߰Ҫǿ߾սĳ嶯侲ľƽ
ħվǲͬġ
ŷǳ˵츳վ޷ħ޵ƣҲ޷һʹöսʹöɱȵȣɱĽսʼֻǱܹɱĽսʼ֣Ÿ߼ḻսĽսʼǿߣʤδ֪ҪģϾսԽսبһЦʵֵģлҲԴɡ
ʬռָлܡ
Ʒл㽫ǵŵľʯҲˣռָЩŵϣźܴѪܹ߶߽սʵȻҲ򵥵ġ
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ŷɳȥǧ׵ľ룬ԶĿ޺Щ׷ɱͫ񻢵ĺȻ˻ħʨǰĺУϻˡ
лӿȥ
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ħʨл
ͫ¶һĨʽ΢Цһչأҳأȥʥǡ˵ҲٸлڵĻᣬתߣгȥԼʮףŤͷлڴһιƽ
ųͫȻ٣ת˲ʧӰˡ
лĿųͫȥıӰӲŻȻ򣬳ͫ񻢾ȻҪʥǣ
֪ˣҪɱħʨٲңʸʥǣһĶͷл׳ͫ񻢵ʵĿġ
ʳͫ񻢣ǵӰԼľ磬ƾڵĳɳٶȣħʨܹ𣿴ȻǷ񶨵ģǸħʨɳͫ񻢻
ڲԼûʸѡ롣
ף԰Ϊʲôѡأǽ˺ǶѵвѼĿԣл£ȴ벻ףʲôóͫһʥǵԵɡ
˦˦ͷЩ⣬漰ȥҲ˷ʱ䣬û뿪ǴԶ忴һ£Ǳħʨĺ޾Ȼʮ֮ڣҶսʺĽսʵģЩǿгصи߽սʼ޳û
лЩҲ̵λڴˣǾͱǰıԵ䶯֣춼δ뵽ɣﰵţعŮפء


1374  ȺӢۻ᡾һ
ʥһפأл㽫۽ܡܡõͳͳټ㽫ʹں޵ʬ͸ǡ
ֺ޲ǰĽսʣҪǣǵѪעδɾͲģʥ໹ڳɳڣûдﵽսʼħ˵ŷǷİ
лرǵյѩҪչ˵ģֻҪѩͻƣŵҲ֮ͻƣʵȻܹõԣܹõġ
лʬ׸ǣԼ̡衢϶ǵķڡ
磬ǲΪǵħ׼Ǿϲﰡ϶˷ܵĵħ˵ħмˣǷڻֻʮ۷弶ģƽʱ˼
϶׼лЦ
϶˷ܵزˣϽͷų
ֻʮ۷弶ķ˵޵λԣле㲻Ըûлӣ̫ˡ
̽ɱΪʥޣŮ϶зʲôûСƲƲ죬еƵĵ
ЦǲΪ˵۹ͨħ޸ķۣȵлΪ㲶Լֻ߽սħ𡣡
΢죬˭˰
óľϲɣһĶǽÿɿŶһЦǶ˵ķ飬л﷢ȡ
ó˻ħʨʬ塣
ʬ屣ãҪѪδŶ٣лǲħʨµرеرء
ħʨ̼ʶ㣬ʬ壬ɵʵ
лͷħʨ
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ŮԣǺȻԶԡ
лЦű㽫˵һ飬ûʲô˵ħʨѪһЩħ޵ɱźܴİһ֣Ҵ͸ѪħʣĸԼŰ졣
̽㡢϶ְɣҲҪ
衭ſȰ⡣
Цűסĸ첲㲻Ҫ룬ѾʷйͨģҵѪѾķѪȫָ֮ԳְŮɱ䣬⻹δɳĻħʨԣ߸һ㼶ϵģħʨѪŮջġ
лˣǾְɣȡһ㡣һһƬѪУؿռɵһ͸Ĺ򣬽뿪ԼְɣҾͲˡ
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λЩ⣬Դ׵
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ǹŵѪɫҺ壬Ѫħʵ۾ϾħޣѪԶܱȵġ
ʲôѪΪʲôҸоȻѷɫʷˣѪħϸӦһ£ɵõɴ۾¶һŵı顣
ħʨġлֽѪҺ׳ȥ
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ѪħƾԼļͣɱ䣬ֵõʷ˵֧֣Ȼ߱ʮսʵʸ񣬳ɹʻܸߣڵõħʨѪԣǾһ仯߱ʮսʵʸ
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ϾħʨǸո̷ǵѪ̺δأñѪħʣʵԿĽսҲδ֪
лҲصԼķչȥˡ
ʥǷ棬ħı仯Ȼнš
˭Ҳ֪顣
ʱת˲ȥˣڴڼ䣬лһֱǡ۵ռҲ̽ռ䣬Ծɲܹõģ㰲Ҳһ
ˣҲȫС
䶯֣һĽգҲڽʽʼΪлȻҪμӵģҪ˹˷ɡ
Ѫħδɱ䣬С
ڴ˴ε飬䶯֣ģлż⣬лҲֵûеԼֻǴ˼ʮ˶ѣ±ֻ̡۽ܵȼ߲Ա
䶯֣ĸ൱һȻǲǸĵ죬л˵ڱ˴˵Ц
л֣ˣǵȺʱˡ䶯Ц
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䶯ЦǾͶллˡ
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Ǳſ֣ԼʵлˣֵĴȥġ
һ̸ȥ
;лʼն֣䶯֣ƾʲô˶϶һ̷ܹĸָȥģ֣շеһ֣Ȼʵֵġ
λŮפϷԼһٶĵط˵һȺռݵģ൱㣬һЩ򵥵ʩҪķһЩʩǺ֣ǿڣеһЩףڷһЩҪƷڹ̨棬еάģ⻹Ժʹ½ĸִ½½ĵ
лЩУȻļ̵ˣռָڵ۲Ȼһ㣬ǹһ˿ȣԺֻĸ֡е˼
ĸеջзǳֵ鷢ᳬ鷢Ҳδزܡ
ԶԶĻδ죬л㷢֣ӥƵȷĸȻϵһЩ½ڸϹвʥǵǼҡҡ塢ҹħȸǿߡ
л֣þò
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лŪôһ׻᳡ܲءҶЦ䶯ֱ֣ӵġ
ľٶ䶯֣һ
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Ҷſ䶯ˡ
Ȼٲĺѡ
ǱͬУһ棬˵Ц䣬Զм˵Ҳ൱ݵλģһЩлϤˣеĽսʡ


1375  ȺӢۻ᡾
䶯֣ڴ˴εν׻Улųģûаκε飬ٶһлģǾûа˸ʲô飬Ա棬ûйллǵν׻Ҳû̫ϣĿ޷Ǿĳְ취Ը̺Ľĸְˣû뵽˲֪ʲôãȻ˶ˡ
ʥصҶһаˣ㶼ǾĽսʣսҲв٣ͰˣȻ칬׻ˣȻҲҶһ޶
ԾһٶˣںĽսʣսʺӦľ档
ϷͬһٶΪ׵ĺȻǹĵǰͬһٶˣںĽսʺսʡ
һ٣ٶľ棬лее˼ˡ
ƺôһıζڳš
֣֣֣칬׻Զ䶯֣˵ЦлֱӺԲƵġ
䶯֣Ȼǰһ¡
ľٶҶеƣȴǷġ
лЦĿţ˿Ϊ⡣
УоıζԸӵĵ͵Ŀ⿪ʼĴɨҪǵʲô
л֣ǱӦڷɽģ뵽л־Ȼһˡ׻䡢֣߶ϣתлһſڱǰʱ䣬лڷɽֵʵ
⻰䶯֣ע⡣
лȻ֪׻ϵĿģɱʱά칬ǿߣǱɱĸ˹߰ԣ֪˹칬һλ칬߲źеĹϵȻһЦһĻ֮ǰ
лͲˣлֺεʵͶɱ칬սʣʵ칬θҶлֶء׻ϵЦݼٵСܿó
ĽսʰлЦЦƳһվ׻Ⱥеͨߡ
׻һл涾ϣлԺҲܳײźá˵ת뽻׻᳡ȥˡ
칬Ҳ½룬Ľսǿ;лߵʱ¶һ˿ĪЦ⣬˲
лɫȻȴ칬һ˰ĴϼǺţ칬һߣʱҧԼһڣҪעˡ
лƺ칬еڰ䶯ǰ
лʼ磬ûлش
֣һЦ칬ƺлֺܸȤܹһܾʵˡ
ֻ
л֪˹ĵڷɽ׻ʲô飬϶˵ġ
лûˣʹɫ
Դл̽һ𼤷׵һ߱Դ֮𣬱Լһ˿ĪϵԶлаǰͨ괩Խļ谭ȴǿܹһһЦݱܹк˼
̴лбˣȥʥǵС칬
лΪͬ⣬ҲǴ˴ν׻֮һ䶯졢֣ӭҪ缴Ĺһˡ
ǰˡ
Ϊ׵ǹһٮٮߵ
ԶԶȥл㿴Ȼһսʵľ磬˵䶯졢֣졢׻ϵȵʹʥХһʱֶҪǿ
λþòûҶ׻ֹһľٶƽ͵ͬʱк
лҲЦŻӦ
漴һ֣Լ᳡лЦǺǵĵл֣ǽգ֪лֿ룿
л
Щʧˡұл׵ġ
䶯֣˶˶䡣
лһȥ˵ʲôס
˵Ż䶯졢֣˾룬Զ޷ǵĶԻ
뽻лֵһöʯ˵ĺܸɴ࣬Ĩǡ
ʯǵճǣʱ򣬷ֵģǶõƷ
ҵһˡлЦ
ͷǣҲл֣ҪһöʯõϿɣ˷ܳΪҵ衣
òýأ
лԺ뷨
ǽףô϶ӵһǿ裬սƱΪһϵӶõһЩ֧֣Ͼľ棬ط嶼ڳС
˵ýףǵ˵ˣϾ϶ǵжԵġ
ֻˣǲףһҲΪİ취ȻǲܵģùȻ취ʯǶһģֻзõһѡ
Բף˼Ҳδһ
ˣףٻܻһõĶбȻ칬Ļٲֵģں칬֡
νףʯɲǷƷǧδеıл
Цóһһһʽ׵񽣣л־Σ
мʽ׵񽣣Ǳеٮٮߡ
ϾҪΪսʼʵڲףлյɵδף֪Ѷˡ
ˡлóһöʯ
˽Ʒ
Ǹȡ裬һۣЦõʯת뽻׻᳡ѰҿҪƷ
лǽת塣
⽣ǷԵģеļʥֻǳʥ֮൱Ĳ࣬д˽֣ս
̸ʱ\ԨҲ˵䶯졢֣캮֮󣬱ֱлǰ
л֣ǵ̸̸ɡ˵ĺֱӣҲ赣ı˻϶֮Űϵ
㡣лЦǺǵĵ
˱㵥һ䡣
лҲƳ䶯졢֣졢Ҷ׻ϵ˶ڹעǣҲԶԼһһżֺͱƵɽǰɽ
ʥŮҪҽ̸Щʲôأл
ִһ͸ĸ֣˸޷˽̸ЩʲôûıɫЩصĵ\ԨЩӣɸҵǿߣȻбչأٶʱ޷ңЩˡ
ûֻܱأлü
˵ЩķУǸе˵аչˣǱչ֮ǰѾ\Ԩľˣ\Ԩȷӣɰ˵һֱռƵģϾƵȽأдͶ棬ֳûģνЩ
һлģǾ϶֪Ȼ\ԨһЩϾаͨһܵġ
ȻǱأԼķǿܹûѸ͵׳󣬿\Ԩġɫ䣬˵
лһŵԺУڲǰȥ\ԨˣЩӣֻԼˡ
Щˣǰˡдһ˿İԹ֮⡣
˵Ұʱĺܴ󡣡лδش˵һ俴ĪĻ
ал\Ԩ֮һЩ˽⣬ȻоҰĲ˷ǰ߿࣬Ҫǰȥ֧֣ˣɼԼˡ
˵Ⲣ˵ΣлǾøһ±ȽϺãҲôãԼжԵĵ·
˵ɫ䣬ʲôһ㣬̾ǰ˵ʱ̫ˡ
ı̬лҲ֪Ǽ٣ǲ˵ģתƻ⣬ҿʥضˣ࣬ҲĽսУô£ǵõ䶯졢֣룬ƺҲɺϵǰһɣ


1376  ʯ
һ£ȻĿл
ʼ磬л⽻׻᳡뷨Ŀģ䶯֣ģҲûв룬ţǱżġ
лֻв֪鰡ĶͨأЦʵ
ѪӡƣһץܹʩչĶͨȻܴܵԼˡлҲûʵ޷ıģˣĶͨʮؼеĵλܻܵǳĳ
̹ף˵ҲûʲôֻǸǿһôĶļ۸ҪǸɳһЩˣǰ˵Ҫ⽻ոĺӶǰֻһֱ֣̺Ľһ޴壬ΪʲôԾΪܹ̺Ľǰ
лһ˿졣
һжļ۸ʲô۸
ˣ˵ǲ޵ģһ㣬ʥǰֻĿȥЩôûбĿģ
Լİ취ɡлĵ
˵꣬߳Ǹ֡
ԣ˵٣ֻҪɽɵõ֤ɽΪƣ֪˿ɲ̵࣬ˣҲ˸ȥʱ߹ˣ֮ڶԾǱƵĴҶңǲġ
ҪҸᣬɽ̸̸֪һиɡ
лıӰɫЩӡ
˿ƽ˵ĹϵһЩѺۡ
л˼ɽ˽ͷ˷ֺͻɣţеһ˿΢ķ֮ⲨŤͷǴоĵطȥһ̯ͨλڷһЩʯ
ɢ΢֮߰˿ɫģȥܲ۵ʯ顣
ЩʯĿлͫһ
ץ𼸸ʯ顣
һ˿ֵģ·ʱܱȴ̺ŷ֮沨ʯȭͷСһ飬ͨʯıࡣ
ʯ
лζ֮ǰĹڱ֮֮淢ֵģҲ˵ǻΪµ
Ǳ֮֮оرᵽһֿʯΪʯ
ʯ̺ŵһ˿΢ı̫֮΢Ǻѱģҳ֮һЩӴ˲ܹӦõһ˿΢Ǳ֮Ͼÿһֿʯڶ̺һЩ΢Ϊ̫Ժѷֱġ
Щʯģлһʯ顣
̯һȥʮ˾ӣѯʣϴл٣ԼһЩʯ
ԼŪģлһ龫ʯ¡
ġЩ죬ɬĵҼѰҿʯΪ沢ûʲôسл٣ЩʯҼЩصģֻǣֻǼؾôĲʧˡ
˲ţ
лԺðô֡
ֻսĲŽţ棬ʥǵ壬ǾǴ춷ĳš
崴Ѿݼʥǣ˵ʥܹ幦ûöںϸϵ𵽹ؼá
ЩҶҪˡлţҸʮ򣬹𣿡
ҪôࡣӼĵ
лЦЩʯ㻹ж٣ͳͳ¡
Щ֪룬Ȼ˱Եˣ˰죬˵Ǹ֣⼸п󳡣
˵ļп󳡵ĿʯУоʯڡ
ţɣǿ󳡾ģȫ¡лɴֽ۽ܽеǰ˿ʥǣȲ⣬Щˣͬȥʯ󳡿ǿƱ֮Ŀʯ
۽һˡ
֮ŷǳջ
һнҰɡ۽Ц
л뿪ˡ
ƾ۽ܵлţǰıٰǰҲбֵĿܣ۽츳ǻۣʥУеܹʱ򣬸˼άԾ̾ļƲߵˡ
лĿͶɽ档
ǶԸʥ䶯֣ʲôֶθȤ뿴˵ĻǷģǷȫݡ
ĿǰΪֹıЩʧ
׻᳡ǳˡ
Ÿ˾еҲ÷ǳּ֣ۻ۵Һģл߲鿴̯λǷ·֣ѰɽΪ֮˽Ǣ
һ鿴л֣Щ̯λڷŵĶģڼǰ϶Ķġ
䡭
лһ̯Ϲ񽣵ı洫һзŭı
ڼս
ˣ쿴ء
칬˺ǿ
ǣĽսʣ칬˵ǵĽսʡ
˭Ȼŭ칬Ľսʡ
ʥĵϰ¡
ߵлһʥϰ͸оԴ˵һ£ôһ˲ʧ
ϰ˭ǸԼһٵ
ʹٱɵģһǿߣĽսʵĹܹٱҲܵӰ죬Ӷعġ
лϣ顣
л̳˳ȥ
Ҳٶȷӵ£˲仯һ⣬ǽ׻᳡ȥֻһգ۵Ĺ򣬱档
ȶл̧ͷȥ
ͿһӰ񱩵ĳɱһȭػǸ߿һˡ
أ
֮Ǽٰϰ̣ʵο⣬񵶵ֵɻδĽսʵǿԳȭӵ񵶣Ѫԭϰݷ仯
ۿ̾ҪһȭУһԸ˵ߺסһȭ߱ѪɳȥٶףҲನĿѪԳݣ׹档
̣䶯챾ģû뵽ϰǰ¶̵ʵĿٿ񵶣Ǿϰƣһ˲䣬һУȻŤͷոճлеʥϰлһָģ
عˣ
˭֪̱ǣΪл
ϰٰ̼ģֳ񵶣ܹһ㣬Ǿϰ˸Ǽٵģлһִģʥʥ׵лƿصʥǵ
һ˲Ĺл֮ǰŬΪС
Ϊʥʥ׵ļƲߣִУû뵽Ȼ¶ˡ
¶һмƻ˵ʲôлŭǰȻǴ൱һǰģһȻǱɱˡ
һջһֱײ
ӿһɱ⡣
лĿӣ칬ĽսĿԣ˵л¶һѪЦݡ
Ц˸евһֱ˼С
лٵĿ칬ǡ׻¶ɭɭЦ˵ĸоֻһ칬ı


1377  񵶹һ
Դ׻칬ֵлĸоͺԣ˶ڸ˹ɱŷǳĺ⣬ֺûκαģֱ׵ıֳ칬һٮٮߣ׻˵ԲģΨһĽͣǾǸ˹칬ԣŷǳĳ˹Ҳ⣬ԲŻġ
бл׻Ľսʵв׽һ˿ζǱ֪ϰٵٰ̼ģҲʥǵͱƵģҪԼף֪ϰٰ̼ģ
õٱ
˭ʶٱ
ٰ֪̼ϰģʥʥ׵ôˣݼģʦڣЩͽĵûУǾֻһֿܣǱʶƵġ
˵ܹʶٱΨ֮ˡ
ĿǰΪֹл֪ģٱΨ\Ԩˣǰ֪ô£ݡ
һĪŭֱײ
л侲һֱȶǰлĹؼأʱŭˣıŭˣûȥ侲ĳ嶯
³˹лССʥûܹܣĽսǿ߰Ȼ
ȿȡ
ನе̣ɫҰף̺ѪɫɪĿлЩ¶ݵΡ
лű¶ݣδԼŵҲһϧ
𣡡
ϧŭлɱ
׷һХ

ǿֱ͸Ǹ߿֮ϵƲʷ׷׵ɢһʱϷһƲƯơ
ܵĺˮܵǿɱŭ𵴵ܺˮХĺˮˢ졣
ǾǿɱĺҲʹ˶еͷһ־УЩʵģѪʹȥ
̹ɣû˿Ծȵ㣡Ľս³˹Ȼ˵
˵ǹ˵лġ
Ŀˢˢļлϡ
ڣκ˶ûǸлĵҲԡ
³˹ƵĿ⿴лȻȻȥĿֱָ̣Ľսٶȫ濪൱˵ġ
³˹̵ľ룬ֻһٶףлİ׵ľ롣
һѣһ
ߣ
лһȻҪұƴٶȣЦ
ս۷弶ڷóٶȵսʱƴٶȣλὫĽսʵٶȷϡ
Ƶʵȶ
Ƶ磡
лһΣʵﲻ׼սʼֵУл·ƾʧһ㣬ǾǼٵı֡
˲Ϣǧ׵ľ롣
İ׵ľ룬գ۵ʱ䶼ɲǼ͵˽ǰ̵ǰȻ³˹
֪ʲôٶ𣿡лӵĿſ³˹˵
Ȱٶ³˹ɵˡ
³˹˶лֳٶȸĿɿڴһʱȻ֪˵ʲôˡ
³˹ӵĵ
ٶȱлĿҪɱлģȻлԼȻܾ
³˹ȭݺݵлǰȥ
Ľսʣȫһ
ϾлݵλţԸĸֻ֣ôһĻᣬǴˣûлˣһΪһɱЧ³˹˳֡
Ľսʣֱֻ߳ɱս۷弶˳ɵȫκսʣǳ̬
л۶³˹һ˿Ц⣬΢Ц
ȭ
ɲ³˹ʲôֻһ뷨ɱ³˹Ȼ칬ַǾ͹ѣʥҲںһ칬ĵˣο˫ǵˣֻûʽ˺ˡ
л߶Զսʩչȭ
ŭɱŷһ˲䣬·ΪӢۣΨҶսߣ͸ѹƵǧס
˵ȭͷǧעУѸٵĽӽ
أ
ȭ֮
һεǵȭͷ֮ӳɢ˵۾ҲɴˣĶš
Ľսʵлܹ
һЩʣǶڹע
žͿ˵Ľ³ѺۣлµѺӲһ׵λã˫Ϊɢһ׷ΧԴֹͣ³˹µѺѸٵʮ׵ľ룬ƫƫлѺȴֻɢң㱻εֹסˣ˫°ס

ģ칬׻Ϸһŵľֲεĸ֣ȻֱֻһֿܣǾлռϷ磬ѹ³˹޷ɸл
Ҳ˵лһȭռϷ硣
ͷһת˲Ϣ䣬㿴³˹ƺһ˫Űݵңȴȥڵ׵Ĺ֣㵹˼ʮԶľ룬ͣ³˹ȴȻ󲽣ÿһȥͬһɽҡ𶯵ĵ涼΢΢ҡΡ
л³˹ңңܼž
Űİ
ûУǾлǿƵıָˣ䶯졢֣졢ҶҪлһٮٮߣǱ
սʾȻɵҰ˳³˹͸һӵպޣһĨŨŨɱ⣬л棬ȻܹоõսǶ٣Ƿս۷弶ۼȴ̬ĺܡ
лƲƲ죬ܵһȭҲ㲻ˡ
³˹˵ɫ࣬ɱʢ
ܹƾսʵʵԿĽսʲ·磬ռݾϷ磬ζʲô³˹Ҫлնɱֹɳ
Χȴױˡ
ս޷ԽսⲻǧŲ𣿡
ҲˣлȻܹԽս
Ҳ˼л˭Ǿר漣ġ
ϡ
˵ĶǱлıˡ
лսʾȻĽսʵô࣬ˣ˸е˼ġ
־ǲЩˣ䶯ЦǺǵ˵
ߣЩ⣬ѵû𣿡׻ߵ
䶯ȷʵе㣬ǱϾǺߣҪΧ̺Ľģǿ㣬˵ûваأ֣ƺ칬һЩìܰɡ
׻Ȼ䶯죬֣лֱ˵˹Ĩǣ֣ʲôѵΪǲ֪𣿡
ðɣ֪ΪҪ˲һеĶԸ䶯
ڷɽɱ칬ĸ˹˹칬ݺ⣬칬ŷǳҪú͵λ׻ϵҲû
ô˵Ҫˣ䶯Цеĵ
һü׻ϵΣ
䶯ǿԵ̸̸
׻ϵĵҪǷ³˹Ķ֣Ľսսܹģ֮ǰǴˡ
ĻҲ䶯䶯ҲΪлܹĽսʣǿԽսսοԽսзǷĶҲУľѷɫ
ͺһʥλȥսʮ


1378  񵶹
ʱȻ̵˾ȥˡ
лӿ԰ȻӦս
֮ǰĽսʺ޴ս˵³˹ͨɱϾ֮ǰǺޣһľԣԸҲй̶ַ˲ͬ仯任ȵ̫ˡ
ʶл³˹˷ŭһ˿˷ܡ
³˹л³˹ĴָȻ󻺻ת󣬽Ĵָָ棬ӷ֮Ա
ŭ³˹ûðɡ
˹ע
Щ˶ȫ½طģһսȻᴫģʧܣһַ̣Ƕ칬һش³˹޷ܵģʤ
𣡡
ʢŭ֮£ʤѹ̼³˹׿Х
һХһѷĳĿռָڷ߿˸һĨ޵Ĺʡ
Ҫս
лɵȻƣӦãʹãҪõ񵶣ɵ£ڹ棬Ϭ񵶣ҪʩչҲƵĿⷢԼյκζȭ̤аҫ졢նԼǧжնЩϰݵҲٵعء
жʩչǿս
лһŤͷĿǶڵϵ񵶡
񵶣Ժлõ񵶵Ḷ́ҹռڣҹ
ͣƥ
񵶣
л񵶣ӿ޺飬ǿҵĿҪô񵶣ɱħҪִ˵ݺؼ䣬Ҫ춷սǲչֳ񵶵ĵ⡣
˫Ŀ񵶣ûɵһ󼤶
·һɵĸӦڴݹƺӵһ㣬л
лͷһ֪Դ뿪ʹʥ̷ֿ꣬ʱ䣬Ƿй仯ƺõһĽױ仯Ȼսʼ񵶣ȴҲ仯ģĽ˿ɵ
л֣ȵ
ûʹսƾǷݸӦȥ񵶣ҪǷĳΪ񵶣ǷѾԽˡ
˶лơ


ڵ񵶣лһٶףȴ·һ㣬زĵ
վûԶ
л񵶣е˼޾ĿУԺڣΨ񵶡
һ̣·˾һ㡣
лٴζϺȵ
Ų񵶶Ȼֹһ˶еĿɿڴ֪¡
ˢȻ䣬һĲ
һ˿δĵ˸һĸо˵з𣬷·񵶻һ㣬ƺӵŻججлȸˣһ˫ɵ۾ȫµ硣
лҲĸоοڵ
Ǿ񵶹
˵ĺҪסˣ񵶴ĸо̫죬˵̫гǵע


أ
ԶӴڵӰ׵ľ룬л֣̽߿գ񵶱С
֣һѪĸо㴫ݹ
л۾ĸӦֵܰĸоɵһ޶֮䣬Ȼ仯˿ɵܸǿһߡ
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ƶֱۣңָ³˹ĵս
򵥵һ֣ȴ͸һѪڵĳ嶯涼ǹĸо
˵ļ鶼
սĽսʡ
ս
Ľս³˹Ҳսֱ߰͸񷣬˶ͬһѳʵ񵶣񵶣ܹ춼ͱơ
ս⼤³˹ɫâ˸
˶Ȼ֣³˹´оȻһɵɫӳת³˹ڣʹһЩƸǿսߣεɱҲܡ
𣡡
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Դ񵶣ɵ˫лõңȴǵһαͬʱƿʩչ


1379  ɱΣһ
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κεļɻ䣬ⷢ񵶣ܹƵķӴϰݵĶл޵ĺ׳־κƶûˣʲôģʲôɵġ
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£лЦл治֪ʲô˼׻ϣ󾯸һΣٸңҶɱ㣡


1380  ɱΣ
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˼ڽ׻᳡ι䣬ǷܷһЩöûһ㿴۽˳ĻˣǸܹҵʯ󳡵ȥǿˣܵӣл֪ӦкϢ


1381  Ӧһ
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Ǳ֮۳ɽһĴڣôγ飬ۼڷֵ飬õĻҪǿǿ飬޿ľ顣
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ֻʮ׵ľ룬лȴо֮洫ݳķ֮⣬·һ㣬ĺܡ


1382  Ӧ
֮ı֮˵Ǳ֮µʱ֮֮ǿǰɵضٵģлԸ⶯񵶺ɵһʹõĻܱ˵ģȴӦ˿Ϣβ˾ù졣
ǴﲻҪҶҹȥлˡ
лʵǿҲΨȥźʡ
лһǷȻγɣ壬ػ֮Ư棬Сǰȥ
Լʮҡ
ǰƯŵŽı֮΢΢Ĳ£һʱһɾ˵Ľɢ
ݣ
ֻһ΢Ľͬڳ˯ͻȻ֮䱻ѣЩųһˣҪһ㡣
һǶ̺ױȵĹ
ǵֱл
ҪΣл֮Щ̽뷨
ǻΪУִı֮۶ɵ飬Ƴ籸Ϊʷǿ飬Լķ޾ѪƳѾõ飬Ҳֻ档
Ǹ飬лǼʶˣٶ͵壬Ǽ̣Ƕѡ
ʱǰأ
лûȥǶػ֮ȥֵ
꣡
ǽػ֮ܣػ֮ܳѵļǿ״δѡ
һĻл̲סʿҺ
ѾܳΪǿֱǱ̬
ǵ鱬ƾлʱĸоܹػ֮һۼˣ֮δγ飬Ȼһٵػ֮ܡ
ζʲô
˱֮Ŀ£
γĻǱȻܹƥĵһҲȻǳԽƷսʼĳڣֻ֮Ҫγ飬ٻҪʱſԡ
Ȼлܹȴġ
ҪӶ֮ƾ侫Ҳ׳ɾսʼɡ
뵽лû˼ͷ
ǶҪлоˡ
̡塢۽ܵ˶Ǳ֮ͷųĽǵͷͬ⣬֪ȥҲֻл鷳ġ
һлƽľ粽ǰ
ˢγɽģı֮˸һ⣬·һ㣬һɾ춯صķ֮͸
״еˣ
ʲôлֹͣű֮
γʶĵ
඼һ¡
ʶ˵µĶˣΪνʶǾ֮ģԭû˼άʶƷؾԼ˼ʶǾγˣǵ飬Ҳγʶʮǧľ룬һжֻǱܵĿܰˣһγʶǾͲͬˣһּ򵥵
лףΪƳ֮۶ɵˣڹһλڶλԼ뾡취ƳǼ鶼֮Զݡ
ֱǱĴڡ

лһϢһ˿սǱ֮ȥ
δǰһףһϬĽ㼤飬»ָ̬ػ֮棬ٶȽػܴ֮ĳѺۡ
֮Ѿ˼򵥵˼άûγ֮ǰǾܾκαģ֪ʲô취շлʵ
ƣһǿж֣ǽܿԱ֮ǿҷĿǰչֳлеͷۣδܹ֣ؼǣܻٵ
˼תҼдµұ֮Уعһγı֮ʱİ취ʧˣоҪշֱ֮ΨһǳߵıǱܹôɳΪ壬ĽǣǼתΪ顣
óܷ֮л
ڳͳͳó
лҲ˿֮Ĺ˫вǾˡ
һɱ֣׷ײǽڡ
ٿǱ֮˸ŵĹΣ˿ӦûС
лó˫ɡ۽ܵ
лʼ磬ҵ˫ǿԽΪսʼģ֮Ӧ˵Žɵ˳
ѵͬʱ档
΢ˣѵͬʱֳ
ٿԾûκεķӦǲɵлȻУǾǿж֡
ǰץס˫ջء
֪Ƹոմ񵶣ͷ񵶾Ȼ仯ƺһɵ漤ֹʲôϵš
лͷһ𣬼æɵɿ񵶣Ҳˡ
ЩʧˣΣ׷׵ľ£񵶿ȥ
δ˿Ĳԭƽĵ棬ƺһĨ΢ĹâǵҲʱʱһĨ⣬â˸ĵط͹̣۳ı֮һ޶

񵶣л񵶣ͷ𵴲ѣԺвɸֲǰõ񵶵ĸо
ֻ̣еǿ֮һڵĸо·ǿˣҪǣ񵶷·Ҳӵһ㣬лɶ϶񵶱û֮˵
ʱٿ񵶺ͱ֮ȻһߺƵĹо
̡л
Ȼߵ࣬ϹһĨЦ⣬֮ǰΪҪٰϰʼл뿪ģʱڿԹĸˣлϤףȻǿ˵ĸԣ˵ĸо
˵
лȻ
̵ͷǰͻȻңңԤ⵽һ棬ҾʲôֻҪҽ񵶲ʥʥʯ֮ڣǰͻȻһ棬һǶʱǻ׳֣ǡǷ˻Ϊ׹嶷ʱһɣ콵Ӧ˷Žܵϵ׺ܿ١
Ȼйϵ
л΢һ£Ů۽ܺ£˴򷢳ȥ漴̽㡣
ػ̱Ѹٵ
ʲô£̵
̽㣬񵶵ı仯ܷӦĳл˵
̵ͷǰס񵶡
ı֣۽ͷһ̵Ŀˣµˣʧһ㱾Դ֮Ǳ̵õġ
л񵶱֮󣬿ʲô仯
仯һЩԣֻ˵Ҫҹ񵶻㣬취ŪһݵıӦϰݣϧҡüЩΡ
߰οš
лǳ
Ȼ˵ģǱȻԤ⵽ʲôֻǿܺģϾڻδȫɳԤ޵ġ
ʱ̷̧ͷȥͿ̵ϵһףһ׼ƣֱۣ׷׵ȥˡ


1383  ֮
һ㱾Դ֮л̽ϲģͬһ㣬л㱾Դ֮ǳϤϸֵģǱԴ֮𣬿֮ǰⱾԴ֮Ҳȷ̵Ӱ֮ˣھȻٶ´
仯лʶӰԶûʸǱԴ֮Ӱﵽһ̶֮ǰ±Դ֮ǿлģΨдﵽߵľ磬ںϣʱյĿɾױȵˡ
һ㱾Դ֮棬˵˵Ļףսʼѵֿģ񵶾Ȼ·ɱԴ֮һ㣬ǻţȼţϵͷųһ˿˿ĵ⡣
ˣ񵶣̲ס˵
лҲо
·һ㱾Դ֮Ƶأɢһ˿˿ʶоǱ֮ԽԽơ
񵶱仯ٿɵһͷлͷ
¯ɴһսʼˣ񵶻Ϊ飬ȡɵڵĽӥ꣬ںǱ֮Ļǡ
л˼¡
Щ˷ˡ
ǻΪĻȻҲƱ֮ǰ㣬δȫ͵ģδȫ͵ںϵӣǷ൱һأ
лţԺٶȸֵõ񵶵Ĺ̡
һӹԺٿ֮ڵĵطȻһֵĸо񵶵ҹҪ񵶣Ǵģֻ;ˡ

Ϊʲô񵶱֮󣬱תļǱ֮Ƶأ
ݣ
ʱһ
Ǳ֮Ľ΢ȻһֱӶ棬ͨ͸أա
ɢķ֮⿪ʼٵ
ǿло·֮Ҫֲĸо
䣡̶ȻϺһ
ϹӰ
һĨȻӿȥһ㱾Դ֮ǽ棬񵶱貹â˫Ŀ
Ĺ⻪ʢϣӦı֮ҲʼҵĲ忪ʼ仯
ԭ֮۳ɽģֻǸոγһռ䷢ɱ䣬齥תΪ˵飬Ծֻһл˻ܹоǵ״һ޶
̵ͺȵ
л粽ǰõ̵ʾ⣬Ҳһץס񵶣Ҳס̵֣̼л͸еһǳ΢ıԴ֮Ѹٵֱۣ뵤ڣɱ档
̼ܵ΢΢һ¡
žͿ񵶱⻪ɢĹâ۽ܡ̵˷׷׵ı۾

ϡ
л̻һۣͬʱǱ֮ȥȫһָоһִ洫Īо񵶿Ǣ߽֮һ㣬˵
ȫǸŸож
һ⴩Խȥ

񵶵ڱ֮棬Ȫˮ˵춯˸е˵̹·ɳĮգˮԴ
֮â
ûһлͬʱоǱ֮һЩתڲ
ٶԽԽ죬񵶵ı仯ҲԽԽԣӵķ֮иǿҡ
֮ǡǡ෴Ѹٵ˥
˥൱Ѹ٣ԭ񵶵ӣܿ㻯һ򵥵ı֮ģʼɢļ
һľ롣
лҲоһɷ֮ڴݳǵϣʹս̼ܵ㣬Ѹٵת
ˣһս۷弶һǶս۷弶
սתѸٵĻȫڣǸеͬӰתҪǣÿתһܣǵսͻһ֡
ûһǾȻҪͻƵĸо
˶һۣϲ֮࣬ЩĸпȻף뱾Դ֮ԾѲϵġ

ڴͻ֮ʣ洫һ
񵶺ͱ֮뿪
ǱԴ֮ҲѸٵĻع̵ڣлڽ׵Ҳָ˼žսҲ֮ͣЪ
˲һơ
Ǿͻƶֻôһߵľ룬·һ㴰ֽһͱˣɿһ磬ƫƫʱͣ
ˣ˵Ҳ൱̶ȵǿ
лоԼսһ̶ȣͻƴʱ̵ģѽʲôʱͻƣǽڵռòãʽͻƵġ
ǿˡ
ջƣл񵶡
˿̵񵶿ȥǱȷŸӵľйԣƻƺʲô仯
лȴȻ߱ʱֻҪɵϲܹ߱ɾпʷǿĵһ񵶡
һоֻ߱Ƿ¯
ҵ¯ɱˡ
񵶣ٿǱֻ֮ǿ̬ˣƺʱܱһ㡣
̽㣬ķХǹлͺȵ
ۼ֮İõıЩսʼɾ͵õ㹻ı֮»ָͬǼȭһ㡣
Хǹ
̵ͺһ
Ŀռָڵʱһ⣬ХǹԶķǹڵδɱΪаķХǻʣͬޱȿֲ޻꣬Ͼܹаѡ
ХǹֱӵǱ֮ڡ
ǹ棬ڣХǻʻӰֳһХɱ֮
ž
ǿۼı֮ɢľ֮·裬󲿷ΪХǹ档
ǹʼָĽ׶Ρ
ı֮ҲɢлִһؿռӺһЩɢı֮СռһС֮·裬һĽһ㡣
л㽫͸
Ȼ㽫ʺϷơ
ЩǷХǹ˳ţָУҪ»ع飬Ҫ൱һʱ䣬ͬȭףڻδָ޸Уտ޻ƶϣҪ࣬ʱ䣬Ծжϡ
̽һ¿ľʯж١л
Ӧһٴβ鿴
л뿪˴˵ء
ر
յͿǱлʥǸǶ߿գǽ׻᳡ڵķ
лŤͷȥ㿴ǼʮԶĵطǿһҵţ·̻㲻ϵرѡ
ȥô¡лԸһǰȥ鿴
ϻȥ
Ľսֻôһľ룬۵ռںúһĽսʡ
˱վڵϿ
лʵ̣Ľأ
ɱء̵ϸһĨ˵Цݡ
Ϊʥ֮Դǽˣ̵ֻģʥǣǺܲģлǸо׵Ҫһȴͬ⣬·д仯һ㡣
ɱ䣿ܲʥɱɣл
һ˿Ц⣬ʥʲô


1384  
ʥʲô
֮󣬾лúܼ٣ƫƫݲһ㣬ʥ֮Դˣǽˣ˵Ĺ飬ôܲأ
ܹʥƺֻԼ壬簵ն֮ģǽȻܾ߱ɱĿܣȻڣӲܣת䡣
Ȼǣα仯
̣ʲôɱ䰡ѵ֮⣬ʲô岻ɣ̲סʵ
Ц֮أԶģ֪ʡʥֻձ飬Ϊ֪ٮٮߣ֮⣬ƺֻǲ̫ˣ簵նʲô𣿡
նʥǿһߣ¡˵
Ͷˣưն壬ҲһͳһơЦ˵Ǿǡʥ
лĿҲ̵üλá
ʥ֮Դͼڡ
˿ǹ⻬ļûκͼֱӦôЩŴʥ֮ڵõ䣬ʵĲЩʥĴмͳͳΪõġ
ʥǿʣȷܳΪʥл
νʥʵŽϵһЩ۷ǿߣħвһ𣿾ħУԶֻһߣǵǿģ߱߾ͬħޣδ߽֮ǰԶ޷ﵽߵĵز˱ħ۷ֻһҲԼ˵
лʲΪôʥֻʥǽ׵ĻʥɱΪʼ
̵ͷˣʷǿڰǰʽʥΪʣŴʥΪʥһΪŴʥʮĸΪԴƣʮɨ壬ħ壬壬Դ˲ŵ춨˼İλ
ٺ١л֮󣬲ɵúٺЦ
Ц̵Щ¡
ɻɵЦʲôһѡ
лǻ֪ɣɱУΪ֮壬ֻʱ⣬Ҳ˵ְǰԻʱֻʱˡ
ԣɴϲ
Ҫ֪ӵʲ˵ǵһʥնԼʥеŮȵȣҪǣеõʥ֮Դųͳ˧ڡ
ôδıȥģԾʥǷ󲿷ֵӹɵġ
ȫףζʥǵ
ܲܡ
̵иһĨʣֹ뵽õʥм䣬ǺȫҪΪսʼܹõĴм䣬ȷЩǷʵʵ֣û˵
ҲΨףǾ䡰ζʲô
ǽ̸УǱлǲǰ׻᳡ʥǸֻعҴһ˵Ϣ
⽻ոտʼĵһ죬̡Ľǲǧ֣ʮĽսΪҵĹǹƴĲݵļơ
л˲ɵԴ㵡
˭֪䶯֣ĽջǾǸ壬ͨ˶ܿƣı
ıôȻŰ̺ĽģлҲһԣȴû뵽̺Ľ˷ģһеĹ򣬼ֱ֪壬ҲҪƴģڽյĵһ㷢ҵĽ
֣䶯֣쵽ʲô취
Ҫлֻ÷ء
ʥǸ֣Ǳ䶯졢֣˸ݺˣǿ˺Īġ
лֻýƻƳ٣ŮѸٷأش˵أٶȿɾʯ󳡡
ȫչٶȣһŮӱع齻׻᳡졣
ǸϵʱֵЩ̺Ľ´ʬȴȻѾˡ
ٿ֮ϣǼһƬصѪˮʬ壬к
䶯죬֣˾㶼ЦȻԴ˴εжǳ⣬Զлк
л֣ɴһս䶯Ц
һսĽʤõĺôЩ̺Ľ˵Ŀռָ֮ġ
ȷʵˡлܣû뵽ǾȻڵһձҵĽ
䶯һҲȷЩϣҲǵļ֮ڣϾǰǱġ
лȤĵҵȷ֣ܷңΪһǰ֪壬Ծˣǿˡ
ҲûʲôʹںʵĻʹڶѡ䶯첻ϾȻڲǰ
ԭˣ
л;ƣڴ˵صĸ˰ıεȾ֮ˣλ֪ɽлƫɽأǻʹںʵĻʹڡ
ʹںĻʹ״Ƚ⣬ãԶƵħı޷ӳǿսʹںʵĻʹȻǿøģһͨõĻǽõħѪˣԵʧȥ
Ʒ֪֮ο֣ܲ
ֻҪ䶯֣칫߷ʹãôԺ̵˾ֻԶǣֻǰ֡
ֹȻлĴָ
䶯Цлֹˣֻǽҵõˡ
лЦЦĵѵ־ֻôһûбҪĸʥض˰ɡ
Ȼ֮л־ͻ֪ˡ䶯ĪĴЦҾͲлˣȥջΡ
μӴ˴жģǺ֣Ȼ࣬˴ջΪḻʥǷҲǱȼʥضһѣջһ㣬ڴսʱл̶ڣǱ㱻һȺ߲һսʵĵ˷棬Ȼûʲôʧͬûκջ񣬷ӰǣƵˡ
лҲ⣬ʧ󣬲ǹؼ
Ҳֻ֪䶯֣̺Ľܾݵ㣬ڵһıĿʼˡ
л㴫ʥټŵѯ˹̡
̲ûʲôر𣬾̺Ľǿͻˡ
˵ûκμƲߵģһζ͹л
ԣһζ͹شлٸո뿪ãǾ͹ˣǽжţ֮ͷ͹ʮĽսͻֻΪǻʹںĻʹڡ
л°ͣĵ˼˼ıԳı£ѵһ취ûУ
ɲΪıô޴һζ͹
ֻ䶯֣ż⣬ʵԸеϵԾҪƶһ°ıʵģѡ
뵽Ҳȥ˼ܹʵǶԼûлġ
ţ뿪֮ɽйӴлʥصαġ
ɽ洫Ϣ˵䶯֣ȷǱ̵֤ܾݵڣһħɷѪ


1385  һ
лɫúѿ
ܾݵھȻһħɷѪʥصǰɳǿлеһ˿ĵǣ\ԨʥŮȻ֪ģȴûиԼ
ζʲô
ǹģʲô뷨ɲ˫ǽˣ֮ǰһֱл޳İأȻлʹ֮࣬ҲһЩ룬ı֣ò뷨ġ
лĿⲻȻϡ
\ԨǾ߲ʮ׵ĵطǸӦлĿ⣬ҲŤͷ
Ŀԡ
лǳһ˿Ц⣬Ҫƽ͵̬ɿϤİݣȴ˿ȥЦЩǣǿ
ٱһ˵̬仯оΪһ£漴ʲôл
̣ǹȥл
ͬΪٱ̶֣ͬпƣ˾Ϳ˭ΪߣлԼ֧֣ʥ֮ԴˣŮӦûʤһԼߣʱܹԼ侲ġ
;
Χ˶æµҲȻڰй۲ǵľٶ
лǲǶᡣһڣֱѯʵ
ⷴлеԼ֮ǰĻǷ⣬һüĵǵ𣿡
ʲô⣿Ŷ˵䶯ܹ뵽ǰģһ£漴׹Ǹ֮ǰȷ֪Ҳ\ԨڵݱȽΣһжǴͶΪģ䶯֣ǰȥʱҲͬӴģҺų⣬ô̸ģҶǺֻǰλĽսʷֱһ˸棬ʵ˴\ԨǰԱУȨĽսʣֻİˡ
𣿡лۣ
Ҳˡ
ͬΪٱߣҶﵽɾ磬ΣǺѶ̵۾ģڵõʥ֮Դ֧֣ȻսʻһЩ룬ɱϾܹǿһˡ
л۽Ƴ̲δʲôƺ˵Ķʵġ
̾һ֪ҪԼֻƿ\ԨЩϣţҪˡ
лĬˡ
֪ƺ˵ĶģǸоôһ£˵ıŤҲаչڼ䣬޷֪Ḷ́Ƿǰ㡣
ҸողŴĸе֪ǴеĿΧܾݵģĿľΪһħɷѪ˵Ҹ֪ǣħɷѪ˭˭ǲŻĶ
ŶлӦһ
ħɷѪȷʸǰΪǵħڿܹΨһħҲǵħѪܹ֮ĸڣ˼Щ̵ĸ֣ڵĵħѪǷǳϡٵģǱҲѽбģǽħɷѪ߱ġ
лҲóħɷѪȻ櫵ĸ״ӵħģҲһô١
ڵħа˼ͬмǿջ
Ǿһ˵õˮ硢֮ȻɵٵõħɷѪɾ߱绯Ϊսʿ֮ģͬԴȵսġ
ħε֮
һħɷѪһһǿĸ֣Ӷⷽʵ
ʥУӵЩȻɵаʥغ칬ҪѷɫһЩһɣаʥغ칬ӦܵĸںУʱμӴ˴εΧܾݵжȡħɷѪ˵
лʥΪλࣿ
ǰĶһ鼮ݾǷʥصģʥ⣬ʣµʥأаʥرشɳĮģײĵط֮µ޻̺ɣǻἤӵ࣬о칬ʥǿģѡĵص㣬Ҳ׵ģ˵ǸڳʮսʵӣΪԼʧܣϧһдۣ꣬Ѫӡ׽Ȼ൱磬칬ӵҲࡣ
˵ܹõħɷѪȻܹһ֣ˣҲȷǿںܰ֡л뵽׻ϣһ˿Ц֮ǰûΧܾݵ㣬ȻнնɱõħɷѪǳ룬\Ԩ
ѯ\Ԩ飬ͿһŮĸǱĴԶ쭶
һǲμ˲Ҵսӡ
Ůֱ䶯ȥ
л˱˴˿һۣҲ£ȥ֣졢Ҷ׻ϵҲ׷׾ۼȥ
δŮִ٣²ãĽԼһˣأݻнأҪ߷֮ʥ
ʲôһˣ䶯쾪ŭܹŶˣǧˣһܽأ
һ˶ǵľ̺Ľ·ϴһһʩչǵܵǳƣսʼĸ֣Ǵۿ۵ģӲһŮֵ

䶯ŭŮǵǵ̫µĽأܹŷǷĵطǱٵǾ޴ʧ
֣ǻȸϻȥɡл
ãȥ䶯Ͳסˡ
ԭΪʢĽգ˶ķϡ
˷׷̸ϻȥ
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лԼһҪСģ
ǺܿصŮפڡ
һƬǽ塣
״֮ǰǽյ֮洦ɼŮ˵ʬ壬Ҳд̺Ľʬ壬ǶûüߵģɼҲǴæߵģϾ䶯졢֣˵㶼ǵġ
ŮפȻҲдĸ֣˵ȽؼĽսǿĲμǿߣֻˣ̺Ľȴ࣬ŵǲҰܵģռƣȻɱķǳ
лŮ˿ûȤǣٶʥǷľסأȴ֣Ȼһδ⵽˿ƻ涼ûսನݻٵĺۼ
л뿪֮󣬱Ǵ˵Ȩߵġ
ô£лʵ
ü͸һ˿ɻĿ⿴δӶȥķ֮ʥҲ֪ô£ķƺҪǸĽսʣҲʮ˶ѣǹǵģǵ޷ģ֪ΪΣֵʱ򣬷֮ʥͻȻĽսеնɱҽʥ֮ڵĵطǵ԰ȫδܵκβ


1386  
֮ʥ
Ȼǵɵˡ
лףȴû˵Ͼ飬ܸκ˵ģƺĿģ뱻š
˵̺Ľﻹ߷֮ʥл
ţ͵ʱǵҪĿǷ֮ʥΪ߷֮ʥ׼ֻǷ֮ʥͷųǵĲöݻˣնɱ̸֣Ҳˣ̺ĽδܽŮפظٵ㳷ˡ
лȻ֪ʥɵģǷ֮ʥڿ϶ҲһöۣзǳǿģȻı֪۵һЩҲ֪ʥİˣҪӶ֮ʥҲ֮С
ǻֹЩսʱչصĵطδ֡˵
ʲôҪΪʲôֱӶȥ䶯죬ʲô壬ҪǷ֮ʥǱģҪȥ˷˼ȥʹںʵĻʹأ治ףҪʲô
ʹںʵĻʹڣҪӶֿļжϣǵĿӦǿֻǣǰˣֻǲ֪˷֮ʥЩˣǷĿꡣ
лҲƺĿꡣ
̸У䶯ǰлϹȥ
´Ҳսನݻˣ䶯졢֣졢Ҷ˶վһƬС
лϵʱǶһŭ
л֣ҵ飬̳Ϊʰоֵʱβǣֱӹǵľݵأ֪л־Σ䶯˵
䶯죬ٿ֣졢ҶˣлһѾ˾ûԼǱԼͬ⣬Ŀǰ˼ҶͬˣҲЧֻᱻ˳Ц
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лһˣȫǾʣµĸ֣Ҳõģ֮ʥڵĵԱǣȻǰȫġ
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ȵϣȥ̺ĽĸҲѾع飬ҵһܾݵڵء
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ʥشϷɱ룡аʥҶ
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Ǳ˴ԼãɢǰȥԼĽλãϾϣ˴˶ЩԹģǶڱ˴˭ܴ뷨ǶֻһͷǾɱȥȡħɷѪȻγɺΧݵеȫ
ﺣϷлǰɫŨƾ͸ʮ׵ľ롣
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ҪСģ̺Ľ嶯֣ʩչܹеġѵ
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ܹѡǰģҲɷʺ缶ģͬĵطзǼ򵥵Ķࡣ
Ǳǰߵ·ߣָ֣ģֻҪΣգҲ֣ģҽģǵ԰ǰУͬʱ鿴ΧΣҲȫ
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ƾлĶֱͨ뺣ڽǧλãȻûһ谭ǰ֣Ҳδһε
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лҲɫ΢䣬ǰֻǱǿ첻׵֣˾ȻһĶͨ£ʧȥټ
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ΪĶͨɣ̵Ҫл̫ˣܹԺиֻ档
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лʶԡ
ĽսʶˣڳҲΨӵгԽĽսʵʵл̵أǰ̽顣


1387  Ψ첻ơһ
ǰлӦĶˣҪµİȫһлܲӦվʺϹðա
лչٶǰȥ
˲Ϣ׵ľ룬㵽֣棬Լʥɳʧĵط˵صλõŨߴʮƾлֻܿ߰׵ľ롣
ĶͨȻҲܵơ
лˣܹʥǸֵĺǰ߰ףŨ򣬼ʧȥһϢ֪ʧȥǰ֮ټľȻЩŨ
ǰ
Ũ·ĳǣһ㣬Ȼı͸лڣӶȥսС
л΢һüܸеŨֵʮµģȫֿǺѿܵġ
˼ƽ֮ʣ㿴ǰ˸ŵ⣬һһģ·ںһ㣬лһ˼ǰȥٶȵǼģ֮ŨһȻŨ֮İ׺ҲѸٵɢһжָ
ڽ뺣ǧ׵ʱָɢˡ
лɻǣָУȻû̺Ľĸֳûû֡
ȥŨֵģȷûеУг֡
죡
л벻͸еİɼȻû⣬ǿЩ¿ٴԽһг̬ĵط
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ˣл붼û룬ٶչֳһ㱬ȥҪôˡ
ǷͶ֣ģͻأĳ֣Ϳ϶ĳֲɸ˵Ŀģ̵ˣȻ֪⺣˹ԭ
ۼлתܡ
˵ʵҲǶսʼˣٶȴǳɫһ˵ħ䱳ԺɫٶȿľˣɲǼ׵ľ룬Ȼδлһʱץ

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лҲٶޣһ½ٶȷӳɲǼӽˣ˵ľֻһ䣬Ѿֻвʮ׵ľ롣
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ľɭԹЦ
׵˵лŻ֪ݰɣıжλ˸ķƿıңҿⰲţǿܹѹİаڤ£ܵ𣿡
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ʱлٶÿԷӳ
վһ飬ƾٶȣлаսпӦսοɢƵĻᡣ

Ƶ磡
лһ֣ǽٶȷӵޣҪչһǧŲǾΨ첻ƣ
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ˢһлȰľɭǰ̺սȭͷ貵Ľ⣬ľɭ׺ݵĴȥ
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˵ӰͬʱһΣл˰벽ľɭѣлľɭĿ࿴˵ʵɱ³˹ҪǿĶࡣ


񵶳ʣл˫յٶնȥ
ɶаҫ죡
ս߶һֺɫո棬˱֮ӷҲ˸һĨ֮⣬Ұ
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ľɭнһһѷ񽣣ͬӽɨһҵĻϱ𣬻ֽӽ

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һѵĺŽȥȴ񽣱ֱնһڣɫȥǱȵľɭڽڰˡ
ͬʱ׵˺칬ĽսҲ׷׳֡
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лô˻ᣬٶȾ񵶣ľɭٶȵնȥ


1388  Ψ첻ơ
ƶն
רƽĶĽ̬лһ˵ǽ񵶵ļ·ӳ
ĵٸ죬ζʩչûʲô϶
˸ľɭĻᶼûУҲûгûˣ룬ȴ˳ΧĻᡣ
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Ҳһ˲䣬ٶȴľɭĶУһĨ˸ɭ亮âĵлĿռָڷ
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ۣ
ĵĻѪŽһϱ۳ѪˮȾ˰졣
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ʱĽսҲɱ

лȥˣԣĽս۷弶ĸ֣вֻͨĽսʣǴٶȱǵַɢӶƣ֣˴μĴ
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ռָлʱûʱȥ鿴˫ʣµĽսʣ˵һɱ˭أ
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֪ǿľľɭлնɱô˷ֿĻӲлĶ֣Ψһսѡ񲢼ڷ뿪

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1389  Ľսʼһ
׿˶ĻлɵЦ
лЦ׵˷ŭֽȻ̬ͬ׿˶еûɵıһವģֱð
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䶯죬֣죬Ǳ˴˼֮иĺǶģ£˴˶бн䱸ܹ޼䣬ܹǰıĶأ
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лܹɴɱĽսʣıжϣ󣬶вοҺ̬ҪͬȾǿʢԲרŶԸɻ󡣡׿˶˵лˣΪ㣬ıپۼ̺ĽˣϧķѪִаڤɻ󡣡
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Ҫһ㣬ŻٵӰȻǲܵģô򵥣ɻҲʧȥˡ
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һε⻷ɻ޻۾ɢ׵ˣҪꡣ
ɻ츳ɻ꣬ɻһῪ츳ħޣҪأһļʿ츳˵ɻ˼ħ֮һ
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Ӷ˫ִ׺ݵҳȥ
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ֹ޻ܵĵ˿֪ܲɻ޻Ĵĵطд۶ɵģͨĴŶõģֻҪٵɻ޻꣬һʱ䣬ұܴݻֻϧҵɻվޣȻĻ⺣ڣŨǾױȵ
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лȻľ뵽öۡ
ڿǾҪۼģ֮ʥѾٴοָǷܹأ

˼У׵˵һҽ˼·
лŤͷȥֻɻ⻷Ȼֶ׵˱ˣη޷ɼһ׵˵ĻӰڷ˻ţʹš
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лȴ˿δӦһ㡣
ɻ޻йâأٶ˻һ߶Լﵽһߵĸ߶ȣɻ
εɻ⻷㲻ϵؽ䣬л꣬ٶͳ
ˢ
ʱһӲӵĹâȻл֮ϱһѹͷų
ɻ⻷·ǻѩ棬˲䱻ջ٣һεѹشɻ޻棬Ĳ
ͬʱлеռָڲ
ö۲Ҫлȥƣзͳͳͷųһһһ±㽫ɻ޻
žͿö۱ȫһ״̬Ǵ˵еƣȴֲͬ·һϣл뵽
ö·裬лǰϣ˴γһԲȦӰҲ໥һһͷųһɫɻ޻ϣȻл׿˶ͳԾĿɻϵĻɫŨҲ޾Ũʼۼŵ͸ɻ޻괫ݵö棬õöҲı仯


1390  Ľսʼ
ԭлеֻۣö۵õ籾Դ֮һռ䣬Ԫ棬Ҫݺܶ౶лʼܹĸԭ֮һ
öۿɻ޻꣬ͨɺϷ֪жٵŨ̺ŵ׷׵ĹڲлͿöۿʼ仯ȱ仯ǡšۣ䱾ѸٵٵͷųŨԪأлͷ֡šҲٳһռ䣬Һܿﵽ롰۲µĵز
űǡġۺ͡ߡۡ
öҲûãͬγռ䡣
˱仯лϲѣˣΪṩۣԵãǳɫ̡衢ˣдȻܹӿٶȣͻƵġ
ͳͳٳռ֮ö۲ûֹͣ͵š
һʱ䣬лڵķΧŨ˷Ũһɫ磬׿˶಻׾룬ת˲䣬лѿӰֻǼסһ棬׿˶Ŀɿڴŵı顣
Ĳɣöڽشһ˿˿΢ÿһεĲлоԼ·ϴһһ㣬ָо˵ʵϴ
أлͷ֣öֵ徹Ȼг͵ĸо·Ļữۣȥһ㡣
ࣣ
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ŨԪޱȣлһԪ֮ͨ͸ƢֱƮɶȥ
ԪڵռԪҪŨؼǣԪӵĴ⣬ʱΪսࡣ
ۼε⻷󣬹һ֣лС
ˣ⣬ŵռ䣬ɹͬʱģ޻
л΢΢һЦעһ
޻굱ŴƯһԡ
̤ö۵·ﲻϵŨԪ£лϣֻһ߱ͻƵлȻǺԥ
ҪȡĽսʼ
Ҫʱ䡣
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ﰲ߾磬ȴˡ
ı˵һж׼׵һ޴壬迨ƶϣܹɱ߰˰û⣬ȡʤģУ𵽾õıǰаڤ䡣
ƶ̺Ľˣŷǳѹƣκ˼޷ڴ֮£ܷӳųʵģҲǰ˳ҡ
ˣʥǡǡ֣Լʥ֮ǱȺⰵаڤѹȣܵѹƣ̺Ľֳû֣Ӱаڤ䣬ǻһ˿˿ǿսãŨ֮£ǲӾӰ죬˵ռƣɱ˼ֽڽڰˡ
ʥǷ棬ʼδΣյŨԾܵǳصĴѹ
ҪʱˣʵʱǶǹӰһԶǰȥ·ܵĳǣѸٵɢ˲ǰƵģ˭֪Ӱսֱ仯л
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űϵеʧȥŨҲؿʼɢɢٶǷǳ֮ġ
öڵõҲ쳣ĺˡ
Ϊ飬޻꣬ӵһЩɻ޴мĿ޻꣬ЩŨ̺
ҵжϣ൱һǧֻ˽սʼħ޵꣬Ӧ̺ĽȫĴ˰ɣ֪αȡһ֮ǻʲô顣޻꿴ŨҲЩֻ̰ǵĿ⿴֮ʹˡ
ĿãһöܹȻɵɽŽսʣʮսɱĽɫ翹⣬ö۵⣬ûǸ
ǾŴʥģ˶ʲô仯أ޻ǳǿ겨̲סȥöڲʲôı仯
ͬΪ꣬ĸ֪Ƿǳǿġ
޻΢һӦ
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һȻö洫ݳöεŵȻצĿ޻꣬ųſѪ죬Ҫ޻ɵļ
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Σ»عö۱棬ΪĴڡ
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ʱȻš
õöŴݳռİлٶҲﵽǳ˵ĵز
ȫս񱩵ӿУΪΪսȻɢһɾ˵ս⣬ƺҪͱƣ̤飬һ谭俪㣬ҲԽԽ͡
䣡
еսȻ·һ½ڵĳ谭忪
΢һ˶һֲĸоǺبǰľںȥ
ʽĽսʼľ硣
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Ľսʣлս˽
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𣡡
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һ֣޻ȫֱ
ǿһۣ޻ƺܸߣɸȤ߿նöһɫĹ⻪
⻪棬ɲǼ䣬ö۱ҵĲӵľˣųԪ࣬⣬лٶҲϵڲЩʲôȴܿö־Ȼͬһ㣬ÿһʻԱ߶һֵӰÿһʻһıƵƽǹȵȣֱʼʽĶ
Ҳ֪ǷܵӦһĻ֮лҲԾ۾·ܵĳǣһ㣬Ŀ档


1391  ɲǷ
öŵռ䣬лʼնУҲ֪ΪʲôƫƫǴ˹öı仯
ÿһֵıʻԱ߶ֵĸһӰеıΪΪΪǹΪȵȣвͬҶͨļչֳһĶлþǣʩչÿһʻתıȻ·裬ƫƫʼձֵ̬δй仯
ġߡţĸʼնûзѿ
ǵÿһʻƫƫָһ·裬л˼ȻƮɽȥ
ڤڤУлеԼľƺ壬öµĿռڣıȴû˶ֹͣսȻڿٵתţϵǿţлʼմڿС
лһ硣
һɫһƬ
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ееĪʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һ˼žǻ类˺ˣһɫצĵ߿ոлһ˫´л·Ҫ͸һ㡣
ûɵлеһѹ·ʲôҪѹȵķһ㡣
ˢһĨɫĹâȻɢȥ
һɫл˸һ㣬εѹӲǸѿ
ƺлıֺ⣬΢΢ĵͷ漴һ
طƶ
磬Ʊãʱת
һӰڸ߿֣ÿһжһҸв֮ͬУϵʩչֶ
лһʱ俴ЩĿϾӡ
붢һȥɷ֣Լ۾ƺܿƵģǱĶһ㣬ô޷ƽİȥһľһ˿ҵļ
ľ
лһ׹޷ľﵽǰ˶ı仯ҲȻл޷ȶľȥĹۿһԭڡ
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Ƭ֮ЩӰٶȵ
ԭʮӰһεֻ֮ʣ°˸ٶȵӣ㻯ΪĸӰǵθӵʩչĶҲӵľˣÿһαĻ·ĳİڡ
޶İ
ӾǴ˶⹦ãҲˣлУ˶޵мĵһɲǷĻгһգɣҲͨ˶жεӣǿġ
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лעǣӰҲֵģƺһ˵ӡ
л޷ƽ㲻ȥȥ壬ͷ֣ӰϵصӣϵصӣƺԢʲô
ˢ
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ȫֹȻбǰһӰлʮԶĵط໥ں
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лΪ׵Ӣ۴壬ʥҶͨʹĸʱͬھģҲʱų׵ıɢ
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һİ壬һѤ÷ǡɲǷı֣һ˲ųĹԡ
ҶǾ仰Ҳ쳹Ժǧ굯ָϸŽӢۣ꽭ʲαأΪɲǷ
ЩлٿӰϵصѡ
أƺһЩʲô׿ǻδأĵԭһֱδɲǷ壬֮ǰģǴķɲǷ貵ţǶռڣԣɲǷһ̶ĶǸһ˵߳һԼȫµ·Ҷ崴ɲǷֻа壬ûֻҪɴԼɲǷԼдѤƪ¡
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лĿĸ棬ѾͣлǣԺб㲻ĸ֣֮ǰЩ仯ÿһ涼İ
ԼɲǷҪöˡлĵصѣɲǷ
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ա
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ɻ޻Ҳڱбöɣ׵ʧɻ̺ŵͳͳߣɻҪлȥ֣ͱö۳׽ˡ
öҲлУռԶУлһսӿתȥ뿴ڲǷʲôʣų⣬޷УռȻٶͷų鼸Σȷ޷֮ǰǰ㣬ڲռ䣬ȴռˡ
л״ֻڴҺ̬ɽףʱ򣬻ϣ̸ڲأ㽫öռָ鿴ܣ׿˶ӵӰˣлûмǰУԭ·أȥʥǵĸֻϡ
ԶԶر㿴ʥǵĸǱľۼһ𣬵Ͼʬ壬ʥǵģҲ̵ģ˵ģԭˣڿȥȻʧһǧ࣬лӿһŨҵɱ
ıҪĽսʾ֮󣬿սսŭ


1392  ˵ܡһ
лĵı裬̵ŷģ׷ӭȥѯʣ鿴лǷˡ
ο֮лѯ뿪֮Ĺ̡
뿪ãŪĻɫͻȻؼӶ࣬˺ܴӰ죬Ľսʶ൱Ӱ죬ʹǵܵ൱ѹƣʱ򣬾̴ִӰɱ˳˵һ̣ܵӰ죬⵽͵ϮţΣͷҺ̽
̽ӿڵҲû뵽˶ԵеʱʩչӰ𣬲룬ӰܹѹƣҾͷŴӰ˲ֵ֧ɢģŶˣʲôֻƽʧأѵѾĵشˡ
ǰаڤ䣬ΪģѾҽˡл򵥵Ľһ¡
ûйȥ˵ʲô㻷ʥǵĸ֡
ǧˡ
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սǻ˵ġ𾪹̱˵
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ҪǣˣоǾĻָȡ̵ٶȿս֮ǰѵս״̬˵
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̶һۣɴЩţɿлһ棬Ҳлʱ򣬲㿪Цġ
Ůټеսʾۼ
սǱ˴˱лϯضлóöۣȥٿأö۱ԶƯ˴ӣ渡һɫӰлս߶öۣʱɢһ⻷еսʶΧԼʮƽӡ
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ܵ˵ߴһĻôǰѾڣҲǸ֪£ǧǰѪɵˡ
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ʥ壡˵
ˢ
лȻվֱ˶÷һɾ˵ƣܵĿЩ仯ˣʥ壿ûƭҰɣ
ܵԣһγֱǰǰʥ廹ʲôᱻ䣿


1393  ˵ܡ
ʥ壬ǰԶʥڵ壡
ʲô˵Զʥʣܹ֪ʥֵζʲôǾǰϵǿ塣
лõԽɫЯƬΣǶǹϵֵһ˿лļ䣬󲿷ֶѾģ壬޷ֱ棬һЩ϶֣ܲ
ҲбȽġ
ʥ壬ǰһ壬һ֮ʮ壬ħħ壬ʤ
ʥ۷ʱڣԶʥλԽʮսʵĴ֮⣬ʮʮսʣɨ޵֣Ϊһ塣
ʥ壬һ˵һ񻰡
ҾȻʥ壬βлԾ𺳡
˵ʥ壬ȴս뺷糼֮⣬һǾǻĪʥ֮ˮɽκξ綾Ҫǣܹһͨˣڷʥ֮ˮ󣬳ΪӵзǷ츳ˣҲˣʥ弸˶š
ʵʥԶûд˵ôȻ壬ʥڵʱһֱռסһıԭʥ츳̫κ岻Ըʥĸԭ򡣡ܻ˵Ҳ츳⵽䡣
лʲô츳
ܵ˲ָжԾÿ춼һ˲Ķȫָ
̬лѿڵ
ÿһ˲ָǾ͵ʥͬȼ޵еĴڣǶԷܹԽսΣֻҪѡ˴ĵĲ࣬ʹ츳˲ָأĵʵӲλǶ֣
͵ǶһλĻһ㡣
Ʋô츳ΨʵսвŻᷢӳκ˶ҪĽʺ޵츳Ʊ̬
Ϊ˲ָ츳Դʥ嵮ʼоıǷĸֶΣʥΪ޵еģΪΨ㹻ǿķĵ˵ﵽһ̶֮ٿʼ˱ˣͬȼţܹԽȼɱ˵ţȻܹͨǿķĶԷȻͨ츳ָ֮󣬽սܣ˲ʥһʸ񡣡˵
˭ʥʩչ䣿л
ܵԼһٸɣʮ͵ħ嶼ڣİʮ壬Ѿ磬Ȼ˼ҲмˣǸڶǶ֣ΪԶʥҪ뿪˼磬ʱĵ̫ǿɳ֮
ȵԶʥȥʥѾĲ࣬µ䣬䲻ܹɱ츳ҪǣԴеģΪ˱֣ĲʮսͳͳѡԱǧʥӵҲδ㿪Χˣ֮ǰʥʩչѪ䣬ͨ˵õʥĲѪ֮꣬ҵĵ
лô˵Ҿ߱ʥһѪ֮ˣ
ͷܵˣҾ߱ʥŰٷ֮ʮѪɣǼʥٷ֮ʮѪ֮󣬼̴䣬ԭ棬ܵǳƣ˵Ѫӡ䣬κ˶޷ﵽսʼģۼ츳ܹﵽģֻ䣬Ŷ׼սʼǽ䣬սʼǧǰұѾˡ˵̾һЩĵܣ֪޼źܴݵˣҲδ˵ֻǸǣܵ䣬޷һﵽսʼܹ֮ߴǧ꣬ҲѣҲʵ飬ǵȷ䣬ԶҪһࡣ
ٺ٣ҵ峤֮ǰôӦҵģʱҾͻ峤϶˵ˣʲôȻνأƾ츳ǿԽʮսʣƺҲ൱ϣٶȣǲҪɴﵽʮսʣ죬ͺвµ츳ǱУȻֻǴﵽŽսʵĵزӦԭ򡣡лŪҵˣҪһ滭ӡͼѵа취
ȴ峤Ǹ峤ΪǽҪ֪̽ҵܣʮİս䣬Ըˣ㲻ҪĲźáܴлǸ
лڰ֣Цǿ峤Ľԣίͳɽͻطȵ飬ο˵ĶģֻõƤëǹؼˡ
˽峤ǸˣлĽͳɽͻطˣϾｫҪٵǿӵʮսʵ칬û֮ǰҲֻܹ֤¶ͻҰǿ
ԭٻе㵣ģǳ׷ˡ
ţҾ˵˵İ취ɡܿлȷûнϣż˵ͨӡͼѰҽ취һϣģҲҪ˵ĿоϣĴڣʥҲ°ǰʱĸֶƽ֮Ѫõ֮Щƽ֮γɴм䣬ݸǣֻҪЩӡͼǱԷ׶Щ棬Ȼһҵƽ֮ٴһܹİ취
Ȼҩָɶ䷽ʵ˽ⲻ֪࣬һֱ취ǧ꣬궼δܹҵ취ġл˵
ˣҲһϣܿɬĵ
лԶƯŵöۡ
ʱ˿̣öųռѾս۷弶ĸ֣׼սʼѾͳͳָ۷״̬
ҰǷԽҵأ
һҽ䣬ôҾ͵һ㣬ǸֻҪʱ䣬ɳΪһ֧ƾһ֮һĳ
ˡ޻ɵð
лһ
޻ˣԶʥʵħ߲ʷˣŮ߲ʷ¸ĸȻв߲ʷ˵Ĵм䣬ĳְ취䣬Ůеһ㱾Դ֮ͬؼĴڣ˴߶ö۵Խҵ䡣
⵹ǿеİ취лתܣϣи취Կܷҵ䣬Ƿɹһ
ܵҪһ²źá
˵ֻҪһϣǾͲġ
ǱûжЩռڻָ۷״̬л衢̽顣
ĴлܴΪϲȴǱõ߲ʷ˵ĵδмУ漰취Ǿ׿ɽ䣬ֻ߲ʷ˵ļУ߲ʷ۷壬Ҳӵ׵ģ߱ףΪԼҪʮֻأǱġ
˵׷ܽ䣬ֻǼ̳ʥٷ֮ʮѪǵҲֻаǰʥİٷ֮һΪݰǰʥ´мǣ֮ܵʥͻսʼ÷ǳѣҲ˵ѾͻƵļսʣЩУмͻƿһսʵľʮ֮࣬ǵҲǳ֮Сġ˷ܵص
Цˣҵһ㱾Դ֮ȻҲ޷ȣɻа߶ö۵˵öȻʮֵĿɹۣܹҵ˴˵ϵ㣬ȫԽҵ䡣
Դ֮ӦÿԽҵģʱΪòǡл˵գգ۾
óԱлһգ۸Ūӿ죬΢΢̣˫ȼЩʪ󣬱Դ֮ļ˽ɵģǴﵽֵһλã̵ĺܡ
лֶԱ˵裬úûһµõ߲ʷ˵Щм䣬Ƿݡ
˱жֻ˻ָ۷״̬Ǳ顣


1394  츳תޡһ
ʱš
Сʱ֮˶ָ۷״̬Щ˵ĶѾָҿʼѡ˭ΪƷ
ƷΣյġ
˭Ҳ֪䣬Ӷɱ˶ȫʧΪͨˣû֪⣬ŷǳΣյġ
ܸټˣԼлҲ֡
۵ʱлͷֱɫ죬ôˣ
лĵ񣬱΢΢һЦûʲôҸողŷ֣ԭ߲ʷһö
ʲôöлֱ§ס˱磬ӵڻС
΢죬͵͵ؿˣ˭ûŷģǷԾͣ
лܾٶʱʼշŲ
ɿлĻУԣȷеܰġ
ţ߲ʷ˵ӡǡ
лüëһ˷ܵصģ
ͷģָʱ˳͸ҵģֻҵںϣһֱûз֡
̫ˣ˵Ļ㲻ӵ߲ʷ˵һЩлܵĵ
ӡǺҵӡǿɲͬҵ䣬Ⱥǵģ߲ʷǶԱŷǷġ
߲ʷ˵һЩӵС
ӡûģֻһ֡
ɣôţҪôáлһͶ߲ʷеԹ
Ц߲ʷ֮Ҳҵһ츳ɡ
βлɴ۾͵̡塢϶ŮҲ̲סת۷ŹĿű裬εĽ֮ɫ
谡Ҫˡ˵һıӣ߲ʷ֮̽һ㱾Դ̵֮ʥ֮Դ϶ļƷս񹭣ΨнңɶûУħ趼ûСԽ˵Խ﷢£־ȥŤлĶ䣬Լôôӡ
лץס֣޹ĵǷİÿμ涼ҹģδζ㿪ĵ˵Ҷõģôֶ㲻ˡ
ʱ˴첼յ㣬˵ңҲˡ߇ܿˡ
й̺ٱһۣҲ͵Ц߿ˡ
Ψб϶һãȻ
磬ʲôҹ϶ʵ
лٺЦ
迴ֻߣԺвɸֵǼңл弤ʱЩȻ˹лһѣץס϶֣һߣſߵ˵䡣
ԭһ汦϶ʱ࣬·ܵγˮһ˫Ƿ޾⿴л·˵ſ
һۿлһȣȻЩ嶯
æųԼƽͬʱкգ϶Ȼֱ޷ģ̫ˡ
ûã
һ£ܷ䡣
ϣ飿лҪһǱģϾ⣬Ҳʧδռܴˡ
ܵʺϣʵǿؼʱ̣ãΣҶкоΣգǰֹ֣ͣסӦⲻʡ
Ȼ˵Ǿɡлϸһ룬Ҳǿеġ
Ϊȫǲû顣
ʱ뺣ڸҵһ˵С졣
ƽľѵ״̬
һ׼׵ܱϯض˫Ŀ΢գĳ죬˶ֿռŵ״̬УҲ˼άݣӦѸ١
л̺ͱ˱˴˶һۣͬʱͷ
öȷɳ
ǾۼһƯڿУֻҪлս߶ռģлûм̴߶սöƯܵͷϿգöǷܵӦ
Ư˸ŵĽ⡣
лԱ߹š
𣡡
ۼöۺ޷Ӧ޻ɵðö۷һͳ˻
漴ͿöתظһɫӰһ⿴޻ꡣ
ಣ
޻ŵøϽɵڡ
ǽɫ̧ͷлһжл˵עнеģл֪ö۱˸ŵӰȻǿʵ廯ĸֳ
ĳ֣ö۽ռţлС
𣡡
ҪعöڵĽɫƺŷܵĴڣĿһܵüĵط
лɫ˸ľϲһ𣬱öųӲӵĹ⻪ֱӱܵüĵص㡣
ŵռ䣬ģֵģԼܹɫһ˻תµĽɫ⻪лҲܿעֵܵӡ档
䣬ܵ嵱ҵĲ¶ʹ֮ɫüļӡҲ˸һĨ·̼ܵ㣬ųһʼӣҪܵ긲ǣһɻζ
𣡡
·̼ܵ㣬ɫΪ
ǽⶸȻأٶȺӡ档
ӡǵҵĲɢĹâٶҽɫĹâӡǰҪ͸ȥ
͸ȴô׵ģɫ㲻ϵؼǿ
ûãԿеĽɫʼռϷ磬лȴɫޱΪܵȻҲڷٵţٶȵţǻδ䣬ʧȥ
֣лͺȵ
ֶġ
ǿܵſ죬ǽ졣
žž
̺ͱͬʱ֣˵ưл棬ͬʱԼ
ڡ
Ӱ̵ɢݳȼţŵһ֮Դ֮ѸٵӰʵδﵽӰҲδﵽ֮ǰ޷׵Դ֮֮ڵġ
һ㱾Դ̵ֱۣ֮תлڡ
˻
һ˻ӱ
Ȼų߲ʹ⻪䱳·һֻ°ģؼһ߲ʷˡ
߲ʷ˻Ӱһ֣öĽɫ¶֮ɫܴ̼ٿȻǡ
߲ʷ֮˸߲ʷˣֱۣתлҼ硣
һ㱾Դ֮𣬼߲ʷ֮ͬʱлڣںϣлҲ̴߶Լս
ڡ
˻
һѹ˻лظ䴫
ٿлڵȻٶת䣬ԭ߲ʹ⻪ȻתΪŲʹâųӺ˵ѹҪ߲ʷѹҪǿʢһ
Ųʹâл̡Ժжðĸ֣ŷһ޵еĴڡŲʷˣ


1395  츳תޡ
Ųʷˣһ۷Ĵڣ˵δһ߲ʷ˻Ҫǿʢ౶޵ǿߡ
ҪΪŲʷˣǾͱ߲ʷ˵Ļ棬ӵף˷ɱΪŲʷˣҪӵףʹȻûзǳǿӵУٷĿǰΪֹֻһӵлΪ׵ķˣҲǰΨһһﵽ˵ȵزġ
ԾŲʷֻǴ˵ǷĴڣ߲ʷ˶֪ġ
߲ʷ֮ںһ㱾Դ֮𣬼лսӣȻתΪŲʷ֮
ʷ޵еĴڣҲʱ޵еĴڡ
˭ɵֿ
л˫ǰ任ƣǾŲʷ֮תֻĵλá
ͷöĽɫĿԡ
ûнֻһָоɫõŲʷ֮İƺ䱾Ҳĺô
л˫̽ö档
Ųʷ֮֮ӿתǽɫڡ
𣡡
ɫһ춯ضѸٵڿԾ߿צѸٵķŴǧ֮بؼ䣬ȻѸٵСͷβͳϣֱö档
䣡
ö۵ʱâʢ
ݣݣݣݣ
Х
öڱĵֱܵüĴӡ档
ˢ
ͷ·ǿɨҶһ㣬ŻҪɫӡ̼ͱ׵߽⣬ˡ
֮ܵһļ
ԭǶս۷弶ľ磬ɲǼ䣬սʼľ磬ҷٵת˲ﵽս۷弶ȶҲԱ̬ٶȿţָܿսʵ״̬ݵв
öĹҲܵڳ
ף
лѾδջؾŲʷ֮ӦõǽɫҪŲʷ֪֮ʲôܹĸоǽɫ˳ĹУЯһ˿΢
΢عö֮žŲʷ֮ȻлڣȻл˵ڷֱפ
ͬʱһϵ˵Ժ
Ϊʥ츳串𣬶֮ɢҽþŲʷ֮ǿоתϣޣ䣬˾츳
ȥӰ
лȴ֪Ӧǽɫ
ʮ֮ڣںҲǧˡл˵
ɫ΢΢ͷδ˵
ٶöڲлҲеǾŲʷ֮ҲתöڣҪȥŲʷ֮ȥӦȴô޷ӦĳֻǸоڽŲʷ֮ĳֱ仯
СʱŲʷ֮Ŵ
ö»عлС
л衢һۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ǾȻõʥ츳ǽǧ˵䣬ɾʩչ츳ÿ춼һ˲ָﵽ۷״̬ĻᣬǶԣֱ콵ϲ¡
Ҳʱ۾
䣬ʲô룬Ͽ˵ɡлЦĵ
ûʲô˵ģԶлᶨ֧ߣɫƽȴһ˿վδѹеǷݼ
лЦڱȥǧ˵ɣǧ˵ʵһ̨ء
ҿδһ̨ףԶս۷弶ֱս۷弶Ȼֻһȼɷս£ǾδһȼˡЦ
Ƿˣ֪ܿлЦת˵һ㣬ʥ츳
ܵҶ֪ˣһ˲䣬ұ㿴ˣ츳ǱĹؼ㣬Ҫʧġ
л״ҲֻҪȥѿˡ
˱Ѹٷء
ڰаڤĻʹԭռϷ̺Ľ̴תΪƣʼսߡ
Ϊ֣󷽵ʥǲ̫ܽӴ̺Ľġ
˿ܻع飬һܣһվ
÷ҵʱˡ
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лƣ˵
ҵˣһڣֱ⣬òϻ
˵ʱ
ʾǰ
Ұѵ
˱°һɫ˷ܵơ
ܼ˵Ƕ֪˾䣬ȴ֪ԭʲô䣬Ҳ֪ʲôвұǣΪ˶ӵʥѪһѪᴫ䣬лȻܹҳ׽䣬ϣҪסӽԺʥǾǵĵڶ壬ǵڣ
ܵı֣л⡣
ж˳Ķˡ
Щ˵ʵԶ޷ģͨл̡ö۵һԱɽ߰˰˵䣬䣬˵ʵּ
һʥλ֣֮󣬾Ȼֱλľ磬Խ֮ʥĸĽʲѡ
һжǧ˵ƽ˽磬˵ʥڴ˵Ĵˡ
׼սʼ֡
ԭǰ׼սʼܹҲʮ˶ѣо˽ֱ֮ӿһսʼһλǽսʼ硣
Ӧĺôǣлڻʥ츳
ֻǧҸֻҪһʱȹ̾磬ԾɲжлµȺȹ̾磬ɱȥһǰȥ̽һ
֮ǰ̵˻ᵣģȴǺġ
ӵһһε˲ָʵƾлĽսʵľ磬пԽս˭κε
лȽ뺣ڲ
˷ֿл㽫ٶȷޡ
⺣̫Ӵ̺ĽڴҲ֮ãжܣٱ˭Ҳ֪Ѿɱȥ˵ᱻߣħɷѪлҲźܴ
ٷУ˲Ϣǧ֮ң
䣬л˽ףҲ˹ԭֻǰ˵ǣ˿̲ûм٣ﵽǧ˵ȻҲǰںеģǰϵġ
ֻǹƺҲڵ
ǱϾûлöռİҪ״̬ǿɲһʱܹɵġ
ʩչȻƹл\Ԩ\ԨƣҲһǧˣֻǿЩ˸վλÿԣֳ˴˻ֻżʮм䣬ȻǶôġ
л¹۲һµģɿüͷ壬Ҳûţοһۿ˾\Ԩ̫Զ칬
ȹ\Ԩ칬࣬ǧˣ˿ͬڵлҲ׻ϣ


1396  ħɷѪһ
׻ϴˣл֮ǰʹʥӴֻǾô˺ܹ°칬ΪԴøһͷҲ˶ѣû뵽˾ȻεҪɱŪ³˹ѾĻϰϰеһϵмƻϣ֮ǰ֣죬
˷ټлûš
ȻлȻҪȫĶ׵ģ˭ж֪
׻ϴ˿̾칬ǧУ뼸顣
ֱɱȥлԣ̫ˣ칬ˣûܹסȥ·
ҪֱӺ칬Ծˡ
֮ǰһУɱ˹Ҳãɱ³˹ҲգǶǿҽڵģ˴˿ƣһڹȻɱ칬׻ϣ칬ȨҪƣ칬ڲҲ᲻ͬģ㲻뷢ͻ˻ᣬҲԶƵġ
лûҪ
жһ֮ľ룬׻Χ
лҪǱйȥģɻѡ˷Ͼڵ³У벻¶ѡ
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лǽ֮ߵһ֮ϣһץؿռӺһǰȻ󻺻½Ҳڱ˻⡣
½Լǧ׵ʱл񵶡
׻ϰ׻ϣ㲻ҪңҵġлڵĴֱ룬칬ΧԱм׵ľ룬˱ɱ֮ڲݵġ
ǧ׾룬һɱ
ɲǼ򵥵飬칬ĸУĽսʵĴڣб赲Ŀܡ
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л˼һѡ˶
վǰƵı߽λãң׻ϣ񵶣߶ڿ񱩵սĽսʾս֮ǰս۷弶ȥһսתڣȻǿʢ
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ߵƶն޶һ𣬹ǿһƶնƽߵƶնںϣƥ
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лҲڵһʱ䣬Ӹ߿ɲǼأʩչû£Ȼٵ칬ķȥ
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ǵȴŶĿĹ⻪յ£ԣһ֣㱻ˡ
лһӵ£ǲ̬ٶȾˣɲǼ͵˾׻ϲʮ׵ľ롣
˶̵ľ룬Ǿ΢ԶһЩĽսʶֻܸɵۡ
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׻Ͽǵ⣬ԺвĸлӰſл֣͸ſһǵȻ
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׻ϵ嵱㱻նΪƬѪ꣬ǵⲢδɢһԶĽ׻ļʮ칬ֶˡ
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Ľս֮ͬȼǿߣֻĽս۷弶һĿܸв߽Բɡ
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ħɷѪͨħɷ֮ȴǷǳŨлҪ̾Ũħɷ֮Ļٶ֮죬ŵռ䲢٣ħɷѪô
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ħɷѪΧƽ̸֣ƽģŸΧİٶ׵ķΧڡ
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ʼ磬лô佱ңҶе㲻˼ˡ
ıһƺâߵҲҪ̫磬˭ЦǻһڹˣҲõùҷħɷѪնɱˣרɱһˣлһɵֵۺˡ
ħɷѪҲй¶ȥϢл˵֮ʣѸٵĲ鿴ΧΣͬʱǰСȸƵʵȶͬʱսʩչƵ磬ֻҪԣ̳ˡ
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л̾һ֪ۼսԺ䶯֣һ˶ܴܰıۼıǻۣҪѷɫһЩ
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䣬ȻӶһɫħ⣬ħɷѪ棬̼ħɷѪųױȵħɷ֮һѪɫĹ棬лԲڵķΧڣƾոһ޴ĺɫռ䡣
ռڣħɷӿޱߡ
ħɷռ䣬ǵħѵǶǶԣȴǵıЦлܹƽⰵаڤ䣬ȴ޷ƽħɷռ䣬ħɷܹ֮оԵƺӰ죬ҿӵĳȥ
лܣһ˿Ц⣬ӻħʨõ޻֮ħɷ֮Ĳ֪


1397  ħɷѪ
ħɷǵ鵺ɷֵһᣬΨɷﵽޣܹɾħɷģ˵ˣֻҪǵħˣûеħѪˣͻܵǳĴѹʵ޷ӳ
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˵л̷ߡ
Ũħɷ֮ԣǾ൱һʥˣȻ˼Ҹᣬôܴأ

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аȻܺã˷ٶȼӿ࣬лһֽӽöռĸо
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лŹֵĿŰı
˵ĲܣԿĴָû˵ˣһ㣬Ǿ̫š
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벻㵶񱩾лҲСϷƭң̫СˡıЦΪҲ֪õƣҪѪϿɣܹģоŴӵһߵħѪſɵõϿɣȴûУǾͱûаħѪȻûУħɷ֮в
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ˣлҲе൱ǿ
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˵ӵķƻǿ
ԶԣлҪʩչ񵶣һԭ񵶺ܿɱΪ飬ΪɵĸԺ󲻿ôʹˡ
ңָıлصΣ˭ǰĵ·񵶲񵶳޿赲


1398  ޿赲һ
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˭ǰıҪΪؼˣû˿ҵӣʧܵлҲԣıϱһɱӿļ䣬ҵӣҾͽڽ£Ҿͽ𡣡
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˵һʩչķ˶Ϊ֮ȻĽսʵսʣ


1399  ޿赲
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ͨ弤Ũħɷ֮ѪɫĹţŨصʵظðɫħɷ֮޵Ĵڡ

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лۿħɷѪϷֵӰЦĿС
֪һ˵Ц˭֪ħɷѪȫħѪڣɷħɷѪǿıһһֵĵǾѪռ䣡
£Ȼ䣬޾ѪɫħɷѪϷ˲串أǸ߿ƮŵŨħɷ֮ҲתΪѪɫģҵķš
ѹָͷ
лһԳܵĸо·Ǹ߿еѪɫħɷܹ֮Ĩɱһ㡣


1400  ޿赲
Ѫռ䣿л״š
˼ҲһãȻȻδ˵Ѫռ䡣
ѪռѹȴǸܵˣǳĿ£þݣ˶䱸˿ʼĴӴܣҪѪռ䡣
Ѫռ䣬һѪԹ⣬ɱɵռ䣬Ѫռ俪κ˶߳ȥıЦ쳹ʡ
лܣȻ֣Щɱ¾Ѫ׷׵ƮħɷѪڣʹħɷѪѪɫģͷųħɷҲѪɫģŨѪζţͷѹ֡
εһЩʬƮɳ
Ǳɱ֮ǰĵԹ⣬ɱ⣬󣬻εаûױɢؼ䣬ڣͨǾͻǳĿ¡
ȥ䶯ȴ
ľٶ˵Ӧ
ַ׷׵ľۼȻҲ֪ƾ輸˵ԴѪռ䣬㼯֡
һӶ׺ݵĳѪɫĹ֣Ҫ顣
һĹХѪռ䡣
䡭
֮ĸһ൱Ŀֲ
ֻһѪռ㳹׵ķ顣
ǻû˷ѪռٶȷŻҪǿҵĶ࣬Ǹ߿зѪɫħɷ֮Ҳ棬ŨĲħɷѪӡ
Ҽ˺
ǺٶȻӶ͵Ĺ
ǵڶĳ
䣡
Ѫռһεıơ
֮Ѫռҿȥӵļʵˡ
ҪĻˣ֪ΪʲôѡΪܾݵ޴ѵǻû뵽˵ǰҵħ˼սĵطĵħĸ֣д˼ǿߣǵѪѾɺԣǵԹȴѾͨħɷѪͳͳǸûѪռƵģɣıЦ
ĵǷĹ
Ѫռ䲻ϵرƣϵϣɽأ˾ͷ֣ÿһδѪռ䣬ķͻʮ֮ѪռȻȻֵܹһ
˱仯Ҳ֤ıĻ
ѪռƣħɷѪأ֧ѪռĸħɷѪѪռơлߵ
Ļһ˸֡
Ⱥ˵ʱ㳳ħɷѪɱȥ
̵ĸ˺ţƴֵһɱ¾ʹչ
л׿ǰıһЦһΣıޣҪʱ߶ħɷѪȻˣǾǰ뵽񵶡
ıҽħɷѪٵл
ƾһˣЦı
ڿѪռ䣬ΪԼʤҲԭģϾҲ֮ڣѪռڣ̵ĸ˼ĸǡǡ෴ܴܵƣ˱൱ʱ䣬ֹɱħɷѪҲԳû߶ǿѪռ䣬ȡʤ
һ㹻ˣлĵ
ıѡ
ħɷѪܲȴǳĿ£Ѿؼħɷ֮ԴԴϵ
ˢ
񵶾ٹͷǺ˵İ׳ĵٶȳ֣ͨ͸ؼ䡣
޶+ݣ
ߵݵĴںϼܡ
лյභУǿԶֻʩչʱҪʱ䣬һ£ôӦõġ
һʩչᣬ÷һ¿ЧΡ
ߵݴںϣĽսʵʵлǿԷӳģֻأ
սֳı
˵ӣ
лЩڴҪߵݶںϣ׻뷽սʵĶԿҲжϵĳ˶ܷɱսʡ
𣡡
ңָ񷣬һը졣
лΪģƾոӰеĶǿ壬ʥӰͳͳڡ
л볯ݡ
лͬһ㣬ĳݣѹƵǧ
䣬ЩӰ׷׵ķ׷׵лӿȥ뵽ڡ
˹һĻǰıţҲҡˡ
æ߶ħɷѪѪɫѸٵɢγһѪɫ֣ħɷѪħɷ֮룬ʹѪԽԽأұ
ˢ
񵶻һߣȻն¡
һĨȥ
ؼһƬţеĿⶼǵ֮ϡ
ɳתΪһģöĽɫ༫ƣֻѩɫġ
գѹƵʮ
ƻȴһգ۵Ĺ򣬾ѾħɷѪѪɫǰ棬»һĨӡ
ž꣡
ӹƷĸֵһűֽ΢΢ഥ㽫ѣѪɫĹػ֮ѣǵһĳɱȥ
ı״ٵĵ֮ϵħɷ֮ħɷѪڡ
ݣ
ϵ֮ǰκ赲Ȼ
ħɷѪն
ڵ̫һûʲôоħɷѪԭӡ
һ֮ħɷѪŷǡشмѿ൹ȥ
ħɷѪıնѣѪռҲ֮𣬿зݵħɷ֮ҲȻɢʡ
ħɷѪΪ룬ĵλãһɫԼʮ׳ĺСһĶ˸ɫĹΣӨ͸ɢķҷޱȣ֮Ϊеĳ嶯
һ֣˵𶯡

ħģ
춯
ǣ֣ȵȸĸһԶͳͳɱȥЩ̵ˣۼѪռ飬ﻹҾ׷׵Ӵܣ˱û˿ħˡ
лһħնħɷѪҳģûôס
һ㻯һ⣬ȥ
ٶȻ˿ɱȵġ
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭ôһɤӣ·һӵǣ֣аʥصĸ֣Ȼͳͳл㹥ɱȥ
̼䣬Ĺϡﻩͳͳлȥ
˵лֻĽսʣսʣ˶ĹмӵĽսʮˣҲ޷ܵġ
֮£лֻѡֱա
ƾٶȣɵض㿪˹ħȴʮԸĽսʸΧˡ
лҪˡ
սɱģѪռƻģаڤٵģħɷѪնƵģĺôȻų⡣
лЩˣŭɵ
Ҫɱˣ
ле˸ɭĺâȻЩν֣ͬҲˡ
񵶾лҪ֡
ҲʱħĶȻһ˿˿ĺɫħɷ֮ͷų뱾ɫ̬òϡ
ʮĽս֮ʣħȻը
䣡
ǿıըֱӽʮĽսʸķҵĽ׷׵ĵɳȥ˷бȻըŵҲˡ
ȱ仯׼ֵлϽ䱸
ҺñƿȻĻҪħץˣ£ħıըԼҪ군
һ˲䣬лԺб㸡ְıӰ϶һµıƣĿĻԼġ
лѰҰıӰ̫սթˣȻлᣬζȻҪնɱ󻼡
ˣһħѪ޻ɵڸֳ
лԣͷһȴħɷѪ֮󣬾ʣһκɫѪҺȥֳһŽɫĹ֣бٷը
䣬ĸٶΧһεľ֡

лŭˡ
һѽǺɫѪץУȻһתƶնתգһεĵɢȥ
꣡꣡ꡭ
ǿսһԶĽ˵ıͳͳնϣǵڶ
ۡ
̼䣬ǰͳͳնɱһ
лҲǧ׸߿գȻЩһͨɱסĸĸ֣΢΢ζЩ׷׵ĺˣδǰͬʱ͸Ķͨ˫ڴһ˿΢죬Ȼͷһ۳ıԶӴܡ


1401  ޿赲ġ
ıһμ棬ʱлǼٰʥͨˣҶ֮л֮ıʱıħħͷųĵħһݣ˰ıӵɽΣлȴˡ
ȾǰıˣıֶΣ֮磬żʧܣıԽԽֲдлԽ¸олÿμıܻЩġ
лЩŵģ֮ˣɱ
ݹȻݣƵ֮£ԾԵĿԣҪ׷ڻ¡
л׷ɱ
δٶȣȻͣ٣ͻȻ뵽һ⡣
Ϊʲôû֣
˵˲֪ԭĨɱĻħʨ֪̿Ƶĺϰ٣ҶĽսʵĿֲʵ
ıΪβã
лİıòһյյɣЩδ֣һ޴⡣
뵽лĽǰ
ϳˣ֪ͨɽѸٳˣŮפڵʥǸ֣뿪ʥлٵ˵ҪΪʲôħѪ͸Ѫħȥ׷ɱı
ӹħѪл쭶ȥӰЩס
裬˵Щʲôʵ
ͽлĻظһ飬Ҳ֪ΪʲôǳˣӶ̺Ľڵϵıʱ򡣡
̳ǳѸٳˡ˵ɫ΢䣬ޣҼǵո˴ĺޣãǲóٶȵģŮפأǵ˵һʱ뿪ȥӦ뿪Ƭ򣬸ʥ޿ܹŮפأĽˣѵûʼճֵĶֻһС֣Ҳ
赱ϣ̿īĽսʼ̸Ůפأ֪ͨǵ˳ˣ
ʥǡɽȻˡ
ǵľٶ\ԨҲԼӪļʮȻ뿪ˣڴͶˣûǡ
ʥǵ˳ˣֵˣһᱦģҪС
ͬʱлٶƣȻǧ׵ľ룬ıľһǧףҡ
۶Űıн񵶣ƱҪնɱıŸġ
ıͷȥ־뾹Ȼٶ̣ҲЩңſһѪħ档
ܵȫѪĴħ֮Ѫǣħܱ渡һתŵĺɫУ˿˿ĵħ洫ݳת޵ħ棬ħܱ㡰žžž˸ɭĺâΧֳһȦĶС
ಣ
ħҲҵת
תһĵ⣬׷лϳȥһĵⶼǹʮľˡ
лЦһϽҫ
Ӹ֣ػ֮֡
͡
ĵ棬ˮУöС̵죬޷ƿǷ
⡭
лҲȫչٶȡ
ȫչ׶೤ŶתΪͼƣȥ쳣ĹȣƵʵţлٶٶһߵؼǣ˾ҵȶ׵汬ȥһĺһģǰӴܵİıȥ
˾͹¹ܼľۼһеı˴ײ󲿷ȴǱ˴˲ŶԷģ֡
ħܵĹлķȫӡ
׵⣬ıȴӣûַһʱ䲻òӴܹУܵ⹥ٶȱܵš
´˳лѸٵ˼ľ롣
˵ľʮڵʱл񵶣նŰı׺ݵնȥ
裬Ƿܼħܵⶼ飬һǰɱȥ
ıһæתлǷŴħֵܵ

һУǿĵⱻħֵܵǲķȴǽıѪߵķݣֱײС
ۼսıҲһս۷弶͸ħǿ൱ڶսʣĽսʵлûκεֿ
лᵶɱ󺣡
һ뺣ˮͿıǿžʹٵǱǱٶڿп쭻ҪһЩ
ˢ
л̧ٶһն
һ̺ƶնһ¾ͽ⺣ˮˣǾ޴ĵҲٵļıĺ󱳡
𣡡
޺ˮ´
һ㱬лĵ
ĺӰԾ˵ٶȴӺˮ·ľлʹں޵Ⱥޡ
ಣ
лûκεԥ㽫ٶȷޣȥûнӪȰı
Ǵıɱıġ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
޺𴫳
Ǻˮ·кޣĻ֮ǰıӴܵϷӿĺ޸࣬ģߡ
˶ĺޣл˰ı⡣
ıðаڤ䣬Ѫռ֮ĶԸдѹģҪʱ䣬ȺЩ޴ϵȻһ򾡣ֻû뵽Լ̸ˡ
ĺޣȻʵǿлǷ֣п̽Ľ׺޵УಢڴС
Ϊʲô
ȻӦûĺѾŮפغפأҪȥΧĸ֣˲ǰıĿģҪˣ嶼һ̲ˡ
ƣʾıսթ
˱ɱ֮
лɱ֮ĸӼᶨѸٵȶͺһ⣬ɲǼ쭼׵ľ롣
𣡡
ͬںˮٶȳġ
һȺޱȳȥǰıں󷽣Էǿ͵Ĺ߰Ĺƺ㣬˷ʤ
дĺ޴ϷɱвĽս۷弶ġ

̸ı䣬лûӰͬһ̣칥д˵˿ûܵţѸٵıľʮңҲ˼ʮֻ޵ĿҰײ

ۿŰıҪ벻֪ĺģлŭˣ񵶣ɵͬʱʣǰ棬ͬʱҷն
ˢˢ
ֻ򻮳ȥ
ۡ
һȺҰײĺϱһ׵ľ޴ѪۣҷɢȥлҲûɱȥ˫ϲ˵һֱıĺġ
𣡡
ͷһֻĽս۷弶Ļʹںʮ׵ɨȥֵлȥɱı
ɱĵлβ͵ĺɨǰ塣
ۣ
ײл˫ֱӶβͣ浶ߣ˶Խȥ谭ػı󱳡
һ˲ı˻һӶħܺɨϣܹŻӶħܵħֵܵ˫ԱɣҲܲġ
лɱ̫֮ᶨᡣ
ħܺɨٶȹˣ˫ٶȸ죬ħ˫֮ǰȻ塣
޴ĳһ±˫ûıֱ
ı඼ˡ
Ȼ޻ܡ
Ӯˣıһɣħ׹䣬лɫڣעҲʧߣ
лߵǷǳɰܻûжۣҲ죬ɫ񵤻޷ҵʤܡ˫Ψһ𶯡
䣡
̾ıʬ޴档
նɱıлҲຣ޵İΧС


1402  
ȻȫѪĴħ֮ıѪħױȵãѪҺΪຣɣһǿѪɱļ󣬸Ǳ̼˫Ŀͨ죬Ѫ
ǼŰıԹġ
аܹ̼ǵѪԡ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬һֻĽս۷弶ĺ޷һ˻еĺ޶ʱвϣɺɱһĸ֡
ĺ޷ɱлȥ
֮Ʒ磡
лûȤɱЩӦǣ֣칬ȸĶֲǡ
ʩչƻãƿռ֮˲ưֶΣƾຣ޵ʧȻߵĺ۾ǣ֮ٶȹɵЧһӱ󺣣߿ա
ַֻܵһζԵʹããϾԵĸǶսʣǸ˼֮ĺܡ
лĺ˻׷ɱ
ɱңб׷лƵ
ຣ޶Ѿĳɱ
лѸٵǺȥѰ̺ĽµһЩء
ٶȿ죬Ҳٵġ
ֻƬ̼䣬Ǻӳ
ңңлͿϣսδ̸ֻС
лһЦ뺣ƽһ㣬ֱ庣
ǺŭУϵĸҲע⵽ˣĺӰҲǺȻѡ
ҪȻˡ
лﺣ֮Щ޼̰Χʼ˾γΧǣ칬ȸˡ
лʩչȻ뺣ײȻ뿪
ҲһʱŮפء
ĽʧຣеǿҲٴ˵أеŮפɱȥˣвٵʥǸء
һԶԶı㿴Ůפϣսҡ
л
лɱȥˮг
ôڷ֮ʥܳˣлȻ
Ψдڷ֮ʥڣӳµģ͸֮ʥսʶּܾɱ
뿪ãҾͷдĺȻפصΧڻĽܸ֪ͨʥǵǰ뿪ˣѾͱǻϣʥˡ

лԣһ
ıʹõַпգðգȴҲУƻ˰ıļƻĳɷֻģɻͰаڤ䣬öۣҲƽģܿ̾ݵȫûŮҲ塣
ڰıˣ
Ƿ֮ʥأл
һһֻм״С˸ŹεСʯУһʯѸٷŴ󣬻֮ʥ
棡л̾
ǵôӦҵ𣬵һѾɣ磬еڶһ֣Ƿ֮ʥСУռָڡ
л¸ˣһ˵Ц㲻ɣ֪ҸС
лĵ٩δš
嶼޼ɵĿͲͨ屻һˣлĿڻȫܵסȥɽפأ
ţ
лһ
ľ࣬ˣлвǿڿٵĻָС˵
֪ģлʵ
һɽȥһ̸߽
ܿ˾Զɱء
֮ͨʥӦģдս٣ֻˣǾŽսʼһ˴ڳʮսʼĵزѾ߱ɹأԱܹͷ֮ʥڵʮǰµһЩϵϵ͵ң񱩷ΪʮսʣѾ¶ȥˣҪӶᱩµıоǶĸ˲
Ĵ󱩷֣٣ʵЩ̬
ȻŽսʣһʮսʡ
תʥǣԶ׼ʥǿͬʱսҲܹʤĿˡ
һʮսʵģĿǰΪֹ֪ľ칬ӣλлָе棬ˣ߲ʷˣ˼ֲŸոտʼлЩѪˣгһЩ˽֡
Ƿ棬ѩǷҪ弶ʮսʣ޴ӵ֪ѩؾʼǸصڣȴʵʵڵڳʮսʣҿȴﵽʮսʼġ˵
лԺиӰ
ʹʥֵģǧǰΪɱǽɱҪзӡɾˣԾǸˣֻ徳Σ˭֪ġ
ε֪ģл
Ů˵ģڷ֮ʥһн̸Ҷ˵
룬һֲĴڡ
˽̸УԽ
һʱ䣬Ǻɽ
ô˵أ˱㲻ĸ߿ˣɽЩƣĵطЩʷ϶ûмعĳֲħ޳ûĵطǵǳǿǶǿ߲оҲûʲôзӣǵŭΪصΪ
ʶǿлҲĺЩ̬ħ޷ͻҲױ¶ǵݣ²ϾϢڱһ˳ʮսʣʹڵأһı磬Ȼ˵ע⣬Ǵţ浮磬Ĵڣ˶£嶼ˡ
ٶ̫˱شԼ׵ĸ߶ȷɳۣлĶͨҲȫ濪̽ΧΡ
ɽ½Ϊϱ֣˵ݺ½ȿ֪ڵλãλĵشλãҲȷݱ䣬뱩ʱ򣬽Ȼͬˡ
Լ֮ǽӽ˺ɽĵش
˵½սʼħޡ
˱˫زС
Ул˫ѡ
ʲôˣȻĶͨ
лһָǰһɽǱһˣӦһЩɢ޾ۼģҲǸģȥǻϰɣ˳̽һϢУЩǣ˲׷ǡ
áͬˡ
˵ĳ˲֪˲ˣǱ򵥵ĻױлԼһЩȥʮ꣬ûôϾˡ
Ǿ͹ĳ档
Щ˱;ϵؾۼģȻлҲˡ
ϵܣ͵ҲԱȤЩ˾ۼһ𣬺ȻѡһΪ׵ģһսʣΪأסںɽ쳣ϤҲǺһˣ;лţƺʥǺǶ⽫£ȥĿıǴ֣ռݵĺɽĵؽ磬ֻǴ˶ܾˡ
лЦϸѵ𣬱ǿߴ֮һıפأ˵౦أҲжջôҲҪʶʶɡ
ϵ˵ЦÿǷԵģҾҹ۲죬ԷԣҪأȥɲǿô򵥰ɡĿӹžϹЦݣһϺ˵ӡ
ٺ٣ⶼ㷢ˡлۼȻûз˼ҰԼŮˣץסƣҵıŶһУǶܡ
˻ĴЦ
΢΢һлƣ΢΢һ죬ƮȻȥͬȺеļŮͬС


1403  Ϣһ
ı֣лֻúЦŮǧ֮⣬ξȻǷ˹ϵⲻǸռˣȻ˾ӣɻ˱ˣ϶ȥ룬Ψ⡣
ÿÿ뵽Լ׷ɱıͷܣбĿС
ϸ磬þӺɽα֣ûʲôıл̽һϢ
Цһģ˵һıʣЩʶ˵ӦٴлΪ׵ӢĨɱδŬҪ׷ˡ
ţ
ֻΪܹ֪Ϣû뵽Ȼǣ壬ƣƺǳ֮ˡ
ϸ絽ôˣ˵л˵ǻٵʥʹʥǿܹȥĸٵ֮嶥ǧʱ䣬ܹȥҲȻġлѯʵ
Ҳ׷׾£
ѯʡ
ʵⲢʲôأϾֺ̫룬ζ޷ġЦеĵ
ϸ˵ɣˡлߴٵ
صһǰͻȻ֣һֱ֮ͨϣʱ龰ûֱ̫׳ˣұǷԵģһĻҵʵݺݵĿǰһ
˶¶Ľ֮ɫ
ﵽսʼԺÿǷǳѵģۿһ磬Ȼܹ򣬿ǱȻǱѰ
밡սʶܹ˸ǻȻ֪ǰΣգȻƲסǱڵظȥ;пɽеħ޶ˣǳǷǳֺģΪֹһӣҶˡط·˻Уսʼħ޸ȥ;У뻹൱ңԶȴһĻɫĹâפڱ
ȥ忴˿˽סʵ
غٺЦȷȥ壬ҲԭģΪۿһֻս۷弶ĳħǱԼǧ׵λãͱǱɢˣûУҲûȥˡ
˵ûȴû˳
ս۷弶ǧף㱻ನնɱǺεҲûȥ
лһۣ΢΢ĵͷ
Ҳл֤ʵǱʮսʼıֹĵģȻӦǽʲôǣлڼʶ˶嶷֮󣬿ɲһδΪʮսʵܹ˿µ
嶼ʲôأлʵ
ˡػصʥ
ܣлѿڶ
ʥעģҶǰͬھɣʥݻٵʣġ
̾һҵʱҲţΪԼˣʵ֤ǵȷʥҾҵעУۼĶһոµʥţʱĲֻңȴЩħǣʥīһЩ̿ǣҲˡ
л̾һʹʥڱ򷭽ʱطͬڽ飬Ҫע䶯죬֣ĺԼڷģδ֪ЩϢɡ
ʥ֣ٶϣ
ǣʥΪλֵأʲôԭ
ǿ϶ҪңʲôܹʥҪ֪лٵʥһʮսǿģԲԣЦеĵ
ű˿ᵽԼ֣֪Լߣлܸоֵֹġ
˴ߴУɫص˵ӦôһλʮսʣڻָУ
ˢ
˶ͣͣˣֻз紵Ҷÿ˶úȻĿ⿴أϢʵ̫𺳣л𰸸ˡ
ϸῪЦʮսʣǰ׳ֵġлһŵӡ
Ҳţʵڡ̾Ϣ
ʲôʵ֤лȻչ¶ʥ֮еѹ
״æһ£Ҫ侲Ҳ£ȥлһ˲ʱ仯
ʧ̬лϾ衣
ͷ״ƺ˵ʵץסƣգգۣǸҪʱԼ
΢΢һͷβơ
ֻһ˲ϢѹȣԾظоһѹ֣лĿͶٴһ˿
ƾսʵܹ֪˼ǷʮսʵĴڣǵʱʥʱ򣬴Ӷ֣פصλãһӦз˵Ĵڣѿڽгģ˵ĸ֡ʮսʡ˵۲Ҳе֣Ǹʥʮսʵģƺ֣פڣһһؾڲҶ϶һؾھûʮսʣҲӦǾͲһ߱ͻƵľŽս۷弶ǿߡ
˵лҲĬˡ
⣬Ĵһʮսʼ϶ǿߣֻԭǰϹʥʼڣʼδʮսʵǷʮսʶδ֪أ
ϣɾ͵ģӣλһ·ӷ磬룬֮࣬ðһʮսʵˣأ
˭˵\ԨаʥصȵûڳʮսأǻһЩʧܣѾڱһ㣬Ǿ˵ģµᵮԽʮǰ˻ʱʮս
ˣ˼ֲŸոտʼء
ϸ绹ʲôûУл
ؿлʥۼЩ꣬󲿷ֶˣһЩл껹ڣļ䣬ҵʱͿ峤˹͸ʥȡЩ䣬Щʲô䣬Ҳ̫һµʱڣֳ֣֣ϣȦλãκ˿ǿܷЩʲô
ϸЩлУģл׷ʵ
ûע⣬ע⵽ʱ巽Ҳˣֻñ뿪ͨһЩħ޿е֪ЩȦڣ¿һЩϴڣĿǰڿһսʵսʣҲˣսʵŽս֮࣬κε嶼δܹˡ˵ʥһµʱڣαһΣǡþ帽ûԼоõƺзǳǿһɡ
˵סˡ
лԼ˼
˼׷ʣȴǱͣôҲٶ˵
лȻˣһ룬Ծǣ֣ʱѾȥעˡ
ԣǣϣǰǿңڸʲôл


1404  Ϣ
һ˵Լ뷨Ǿԣܵľĸ̫ʥ϶Ҫ̶ѿʥٶȱٵĻԴ
лҲпܣܸоûô򵥣Ȼʮսǿڸգһĸ߽սʣ֣һӣڸõô࣬ҾãĿͨʥ꣬һЩڣһЩЩļǳߣҲ쳣ǿģ˿ɴȵ
˵뷨䲻ͬȴ൱Ŀԡ
Ȼ֮ͨʥǱĸϵܹ֪һЩʲôġ
ţô졣лʾͬ⡣
һ˼ǰС
һ·ߣֱ賿ͣЪ
ص˵ǰһֺɽħޣҹ޵أħǿ£ҲǻйɵģǶжһ̫ǰͨأκΣգϵĻ⵽ģڶ࣬ʮռҲǳ󣬹ʶǱʱһޣٳ
Լжʮˣʵ͵Ҳ׼ս۷弶ʵҲǲҲĻħǰɧš
лвʲô֮ģǱһɽص˵ۼҲǰҡ
һԺȽϢ
˭֪ԽǰİҹأҲҪһ·̱ɵǱڵķΧ֮ˣʶҶڳ֮󣬸Իȥޣȡ״̬
лҲصɽڡ
ɽﵹҲɾһЩ˱ɰ
ִһ֣иЧҲ޷ó֮ʥ
뱩ϵǷлʵ
ᡣӦ
лͬ⡣
£֮ʥŴ׶ߣҲɽĸ߶ȣȻлͿһ㣬һ˱Ƿ֮ʥڣӰʧˡ
л֮ʥȥƱ㰴ڷ֮ʥ棬޷ͬǰ㡣
ֻҡҡͷⶫΨܹɡ
ȥ룬лϯضȴ̸ϢҲóö۴߶սУռ䣬
ĽսսʵĲǷǳģʹսɱսƴʶսʵĶǶôĳ㣬Ҫߵ·൱һ·ʶ˷ʱ䣬ȡͻơ
տʼҲǼӵĹлͷַ֮ʥ淺һĨĹΣУлΡ
ࣣ
ˮ
ִ˳ɫЩء
ˣл
֣Ůפأ͸֮ʥ뱩ϵھ뱩ߣȻδϵϣƺһ谭šü𣬡Ҫİ
лҪ
ץסлĸ첲ҽȥ
Ĵ£лһͬһռСһ㣬Ƿ֮ʥ档
֮ǰ
֮ʥӣޱ߼ʣǷԵԪ޵ǿգȥѤöʡ
͸ң֮ϣܷ뱩ϵ˫ն
ķԸлĶ档
˵̽
ֻڿӣһлʼ߶ԼǿսĽսʼս൱
սתڡ
һӴսбһ˿ɫһʱжϳսȶǿʢı
Ҳû˵ʲôԼĶлս
ҪǾͱǾԵΣſҲſԵģ˲Ų˵ԷĿܡ
лҲǰĶиӦʱʵ
ս۷弶
̣ųƾ˫ǶϣȶǿߵľˣʱıǨ͹ԳԽ̣ѪɱΪѪõ֮ʥйأȴҲ츳ǱԺٶǲлٵġ
սͶںϣȻõ൱˿յԿսʵ
촽䶯
Ͻظһţ˸鶯Ĺâ΢紵һͷں㷢Ů㣬΢գĺڽë޲ĳг
лŮഥҲʱ䣬ȻҲһɢľˡ
ٵӽš
ſٵƻһƵأֱ͸ǹǿգȥͱӡ
лڰ׳ġ
֪Ҫ˶Դȴûаоܹ͸֪پϵ;ú󷨣Ǹ˶ܹ˲Ϣת԰ҲԽܡ
ϣǿգͺȵ
лƽľΪһ壬е˼·ʵĴڣںһ
ںϣȻı֪Է˿̵˼
лĿհһƬ·ֽһţ׽л̾޵˼ˣԴˣûʲôӦ
˵뵽ڡ
л͸е·壬ֱǿգԾǧȥǱȥǢ
ָол״ᵽЩʸС
·˼޵ţܹƬضؼһ㡣
˼ʱ䣬ǿձһҲѸٵǻ۹
ʮսʼ֣л
ͷû˵Ҫٿߣĵ˵˷ġ
ǵǽӴлԼһݵĲݣļ֮ɫˣΣգ
ոսǢԷ㴫ôĸ֡
֮Ѹٵȴ
лƣ͸еһɸΪֲľͻȻǵĸ֪Χڡ
лҺ̬ڽУⷽ޷ֻ֮ڣ͸ľڵģ˷оǿʢľȻҺ̬ҪǿһЩ˾Ǿֻһֽͣʮսʵľ
лףΪʲôĸֻˣΣˣǵľٶ˷ˡ
˵ٶȳˡ
ݣ
ǹɾǿǿͣĺХͬ׺ݵĳɱǹɺ˵ǧ׾룬ȻǸоļ¡
ƴĳˡ
εľҲѸ͵ĳ̡
Ӵܣ׷Ѹٵա
ۿžҪ׷ϣٵҵĲ漴л͸е·ʲôסһӱڡ
֮ʥелȻ۾
֮ʥһǿֲľû׷ųһԾЩ¡
Ǿǿȣɶ϶ʮսʵ
ʮսʵľȻԲͨİǧף޼ɵǰ׷ɱȫ͵Ϯʵ
л֪Һ̬ɽ֮󣬱ʱ˿ˣֻϧֻѡӱܡ
꣬ꡭ
ߴصĴϢ
л̧ͷһͷڴڵĴŴϾϸܵĺˮſŵĺӻ䣬使زĹȵı֣һϮѩ׵ȹҲˮʪ͸ϣıֳزͺܸͦźһһģ˵Ķǡ


1405  Ȧص塾һ
ջ
Ҫջ󣬱һ˿Ҹջٱֹǰȹϣʹ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̣޲лӾ񾭣һʱ䣬Ȼʧˡ
ڴǷ֮ʥˡ
ֻ輸дԪת壬ĵѸٵĻָ
𣿡۵ϸһĨ˵ĺΣޱȣȴûŭɫֻǺƽ˵
ûСлڻӦ˵֮лŻȻεһЦҲǹ󣬸ûջĿ˼ԾĽɨţϴûϸû֣ԴǷֺֿ˼ְ
ĵǿܱˡ
лϷƵӣлеʧܣҲȤȥ٩ˣӦòɣ֮ʥûеĻûʸ񱻳Ϊ֮ʥˡ
֮ʥԸ׷˽ǧ׷ΧڣǾͻᱻģܸоõѾˡ˵
Σ˷ʮսʣӦǿߣ˿ӦûڻָУܳԵеģǲĸֶԸǣƾ˵ʵǴ򲻹ȫ⡣лǺģڱ㾲һָĵճϵ֦ڡ
ͷ
лվҳȥɡ
ȥɡһӣб㸡һͨ
л룬ͷɨһٺ٣ĸˣҶ̲ס˺ȹһˡ

һ֣һ㽫лӷ֮ʥ˳ȥͨзգ֮ʥֻʣһˡ
ͷԾԵñȽջĽ˺Ρ
ķ֮ʥлóöۣ߶սռ䣬ȫ
ûжʥ츳˲ָϾǸһֻʹһΣֻǱʹûĺã˭Ҳ˵ʲôȡһָŵռ䣬һָҲǺܿݵġ
֮лȻָ۷״̬
Ҳӷ֮ʥ֮߳ʥǱ߳ɽ˶Ѿʰ׵ˡ
ϵܣ͵ĿĲл
ҰоһлٺЦ
⻰˵㰴Ͳסߡ
лӣȴУս۷弶ƿɲССսܹܵģѹȵĽϢϽӿ
лǿŴЦĳ嶯գգۣˣķŶ
ߣŤͷȥ
ģл״θоǸСŮˣǸ߰ıˡ
Ե㶫ٴ̡
˷лСˣصʮսȻע⵽ˣʶ˵жлʼնڹ۲Σȷľ룬ǧڣҽƵñʮսʸӦ
ʱ֣Խҹ޵ء
صָ£վһɽۣܹ֮ǿһֱĸɽǱǱڵء
˵ˣҲӽˡ
ԽǿдĿֲħ޳֣Ҳܻĸ֣Ͼǰ˿ɲ
վס
ǼٵıУԽɽ·УǰӰһʮĸ֣סǵȥ·
ЩʵǿҲģ󲿷Ϊʺ缶ġ
ֻǾġ
ʵ֮𣬿ţлͬеЩˣʵĶӽսˣȴûһ¶ͷɫȻǼɵ塣
лȻȺС
лƶ˺֮ˣּ򵥵ĻױױʶƵġ
أҪȥ֡ǰһֱ;סںɽ򽻵ĴȽ϶ࡣ
ֲĵԭϣǴѾ˵ȦΪһݵ㣬𣬴˵ؾפˣƵС
ȦأһüǺڰǰѾںɽѡ˼طȦΪԼľݵ˰ɣôȦأĻ˵ܲƽҴ˵ؾƺҲԶΪݵ㣿
ϼ£ҵȵλ΢ϵ⣬޷ش𡣡ֵ
Ҳ֪˵ʵȦжУ
ֵ󣬾ɽΪģԲǧ׵ķΧѡ
ȺелԵĿһۣںɽԣǵȷǷǳСɼȻܱѡУȻ򵥵ġ
䣬͸ĶͨҲֻһ޹ϵĶԻ
һ˲û˷ͻͷǱƵֱͨǱ
;Ул˸ں뿪˶顣
ʮսҪ뱩Ҳô׵ģοսϵǿߣʱδأܳ棬ʶҲģᱻǰġ
ı仯ȴл˺Ľġ
ԭѪӡδ֮ǰ˵в֮һɰʥٵʥݻ٣Ѿʹÿ£ûĹ򣬶ġ
ȴ𣬲Ȼ߱ƾһ֮һʱˡ
ʮսʵĴڣ㹻˼硣
岢ûʲôսʣأ˭ұ֤ûдսʵŽս֮ǿأ
֣֣Ҳˣһ֧֣صĶһ壬һж֣ٵлһΣУҪĻ
Ȧء
һǰʥ֮󣬾ȻȦΪȦصΪʲôأ
лͶԴ˲ǿҵʡ
ͨϢĻعȦĵط档
֮Ҳ˵ı仯ʵȫлģô죿ǲǺ׾ͻᱻֵġ
лֹ֮ˣҺõľɭĿռָǲйڽ֮Ķ
ΪĴڣľɭȨƵԱ
л֮ԶȡĿռָǳŽ֮ȥģֻǺ飬ˡ
˴֮
лľɭĿռָȡȥռָĽƣĶͳͳó
ᣬһЩɢ鶫л۵ģһûУǱ񽣣ڼصĶǶģл̫Զˡ
ᣬչһ۾һ
֮ȱĽּɵЦľɭӦҷо֮ҪԱƽⲻѡ
лЦԺҵĽ֮Ҳûˣ


1406  Ȧص塾
ڼصĽ֮ȱа˴֮࣬ȱֻ貢̫߼ɻ⣬ƽ֮ͨƽ⡣
һ°ɡ
лϸžмصһƽ֮һ̤żأս߶תȵʱսת½ֱָżλãżλþۼתٶȴﵽ൱ɹ۵ĵزȻýżء
֮ǽԭĵͨķޱȼͣʯӶֹлʩչҲЩӵܵħ޷ʩչ
תս͸żڵ棬ͺһ˵ϡ
лĽżһǽ֮΢΢Ĳɢǲ֮ڵķΧֻлΧԼ׵ķΧڣԿõоõ
սת£Ȼǽ֮ĵر֮£ɢѸٵӳȥ

лһţһ±û¡
û£սɢĵطȻɵĻδƵĵ棬ȻŽãЩлԣȻûκεӰ죬΢΢һϵսΪɢԼ׵λãȻĲٿأս·һתŵĸǰš
һл㰴ķʽǰͻ
Щתս㽫µĽ֮ͳͳĴݻ٣лκεĸţ˲Ϣǰ׵ľ롣
ٶȴӵðرǽ֮Σ·֮δƽһ㣬ʵѾлЧˡ
ɹˣлϲĵ
Ӵ֮ܵƾͻˣܷˡ
ֻϧսʱôѾˡл˵Ҳѹ֣˭֪лӵأÿһɵϻѡվڵսģ϶Ưڸ߿УȻʧȥЧá
ɷ֮ʧȥսãؼ̽鱨ġ˵
лͷǵҲǣǾҸߵսʣҲûڵϽսסϸһ㰡
ɫȻ˿û߾ŭӣƵл㵡
㣿ıַл㵡
ߣҵ嶼㿴ʲôߵģߣѵҪɱ㲻ɣȻûֻ֣ԼաȻĵ
ԽˣԽлеʴӡ
һתлٺЦǳһ䣬ƾ¡ץһƣе԰
лɫǣˡˡ
˵ӰҲʧˣǱУֻǵڵرš
֣̽㸮ϣҵβ˵֡
СۣʲôˣǶǰһС£ϣرۻСء
㻹˵ңǵ£ҵ£ʰ㡣
צӣңҡ
ɢ
ɹƽ֮лãԣԺˣǾһƣ˿ѡдսΨҲᣬʱ򣬾Ϳ͸һľϲˡ
Ůڻ鱨Σʱ򣬻л֪ǿǸƵڲƽ֮
ĶͨлɵıȦĵط
УлͿϣǸֻ۾ߣʵ޷ս׷ɱлһ·ŵģ겻ҲʵǣȻﵽսʵľ硣
ֻлԣһ磬Ȼڶɰвˡ
ߴһˡ
һǶսʣ䳤࣬뱻лնɱľɭмӦҵĶǿߡ
һսʣ͸һӵˣģӦһǿߡ
ϣǱѾȥ˲ˣǷ棬ѾˣΪʲôҪţҸƺʼղȥźܴԹǵıд뱩
һҲǲǷҲͰˣĸֿ϶½õϢģ칬ʥǣɽ\Ԩ̣ܸϹĻĺܸˣ˵ĶԣǰȥĿбѩˣвӱѩܾ߳սʣյǴô򵥵ģҪ뱩ûпܡ
żӣЦλܷģ˵ֻǲܽȥһֻǿԡ
Ҳ̫˰ɣһü
֪λڱΧһЩãǱڵǼдı֣Ҳƽ⣬οǱ;ѣ˾͸Ҫ˵ȥˡߴЦ
Ҹֺһֶһۣ˶Цˡ
Ҳ˵Ҷƽ׵ӡҸֵ
ߵҲ˵ʵǱһڳʮսʣıԿ˺ܶʱգҲ˵Ϊ滹δʤ
һֳδػͬǡ
˵ûⱩֻʣ¼ˣȻôǿӲʼնǱʾܲѺõ̬ȣƿķԲͬ룬ǳ壬һɭɭĵ
ǺѣܹıȻǱеٮٮߣһζߣȫһϧ侳磬뿪ģȻȹ̾磬ѰǱġһֵ
־ܷģˣʮսʼĸ֣˵ǵأͶʩչֶΡߴЦǼˣԴ֪飬ֱգŷֵģ
˶Ц
лʶеļѡ
˿ѡ
ʮսԳ֣ȻǷģҪǣûôס
һǱȽϵģսʲһֳأܹĽս̫٣Ƿ൱νߣ֣Ҹʵ
Ц治ٶˣѾ࣬Ǳʮսʵ˳֣Żᶯ֣ȻĻкӳԺڣǶǷǳģϾ칬Ƿ涼ʮսʵҶȡ˭ܸһճءһ£˵ڶԱ뷨Ща취Ըǰ취
˳ָķȥл־Ȼǵ¡
ʲô˼ѵȦ֮ǰβͬҸȻ
Ȼͬ¶ĪЦݣ֧Ǻɨһ


1407  ռ壬áһ
ôĿ
л˵ĻЦѣ˵ģ˭˵˴ζԱ뷨ģֻࣿɽħдķϵħޣѵûһ˼
Ҫ֪ǿڣʷϿźպػʥػʥڱħ޴УǱʹһֻԭֻа˽սʼ޽ΪʮħޣⱩڵػʥܹħǰȥ߾ȻҪɨһǿԴǾֻһֿܣױȵ
һۣ¶һ˿ľ衣
Ȼ·ǾͱɣлȸеǣԴһǰȦصĵط̫ˣױȵôطأ
ɫ֮ʱһ˷ٵķɱ߽ǰ
˵ɣҶԼˡߵ
˵ϣոյõϢʥǷҲѾɳٸָΪ
֪ˡ˿ûо֮ɫ
˱ˡ
һֺҸɫȴЩҸֳϣʥǷɲǣͻȻʱʥǾīĴ̿ڸԶ֪Ķ࣬һߣ˷Ȼô򵥵ģΪףѰζ
ƺϱǹĿ࿴˿ûе֮⡣
ϱۣҸֺٺЦϱۿʥǸҶΪֶΣ˳ƴ˿ֻ죬л⣬ûһֵĳ׿֣ҸҶ϶սֶƱȻңֶΪ˽Сģսȴմ󵨣˶˱ʼհߣıǿ֧֣ǿɵлˡ
߹ЦԭɵľȻл
ҸֿЦҵս޵ĺܣлеһ룬ǿǻӰġ
һֳʵ˵˵ȥµľлһս죬һǻ纣ǵĴ䣬ؾ䣬ƶһֶζ˵Էʽеģս졢ֶ˺һл衢Ҳˣ̱սı治ѷɫˣϣлһģÿж˰ŵģҪƽǣʵҲѣնɱЩеһ˱ɣϿаգ
˵лǵһ˵֮ǰûôע⣬룬ƺˡ
赽Ů壬㱻ǲȥսֶҲδֿƺһֱжˣֻлû̫ڹעǵжɵĿ
ûģҲʥ룬òҪԩҶͷɣ
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˷ǸԶڴ˵ذɣ¶֮ɫͷأ֣ٴʩչ֮Ƭ򳹵׷ҪκǱ룬ҪѵЩڡ
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˵ȷ֣лЩɽϾڲβμӽĽ飬ôģ̡衢ͳ˧ȫµġ
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ֵĹлֳ
ӰҲģ
վǰҲ㵣лϣȴӦлϢ·ңԶʡ
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һ˿˿һ𣬺ˮһ㣬ϵصţ۳һСţȴɢġ
ﵽһ̶֮󣬷·ͨϹʱһɲãӣϢ洫ݳϹŵǿǣٻɣ
䣬һѪͻأĳ֡
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˫Ŀ΢յлȻ۾·ܹ͸һа㣬ĿֱͶݵǿռСڲȥռ塣


1408  ռ壬á
һȦϵķŴţԭֻǵµһѸٵķŴ̼γһԼ׸һŻŻ˸ŵĹΣӰҫɢãϢ
лĿŻ
Żɵһ˲䣬һֵĸо·ǾһˣһռСŻ
ָоǳĹ졣
лŻ˼Ҳתȥռ֮£ĸ֪ͷ·εĿռŻȥ̺ŵĿռİ˷ٴ룬һʩչŻ𶯡
ʲôˣ
һȻŻ洫ݳ
Żһ˿˿ʱлĸ֪ҲŻӴоӵ
ȥٶҪлĸ֪
״н˸ȻɵֱŻ棬˺һе񽣣һŻҵĲ
ɱȥҪδѵǿȻ˿Ըлȥռˡ
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еһ㣬һЩѵ㱻лѸٵĽ
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ŻڣǰĺȻһռǧƽ׵򣬴˵Ԫ쳣ĳ棬ͬŨһ㣬·
޴ĿռڣضǱס
һ׺ÿһ׶೤ͨ嶼ıսǲͬЩΧ̲ݵأûбļЩȻб⣬ȴǺܺʵԼԼɼֵӰ
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ܵŨصɱȾԭڻѵħǿߵʱ궯еı׶ҵĲš
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һڼѸٵתڣķѪҲͬȼһ㣬߶ʴװһ˺һеĿ磬ʴ·Ӱͬһ㡣
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ӹĵطеıͳͳıѣĸо󲿷ֻδ۾ͱնɱķ飬ʣˡ
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ŭĹħǿ߱˵
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ȡħʮսʱǰһ꣬ʱأһճأŤתսֵοһ꣬һ³ɾ˼İ޿


1409  ռ壬á
ɱĹħˣʵǿжϵĳĸоҲһֻſʮսʾģѾʮսʾ磬жôǿأǱʮսʵõȫתΪãʮսʵʵܴﵽʮս۷弶ҪǣԿǰصģؼġ
֮ʮսʲûУܹпܳʮ˵˫λЩ˶ƴȡһʱء
һʱ䣬ܸı顣
ʮսʵõ˶ǿɾͲһأһ꣬Զ˱һˣһеˣʹư˼磬ˡ
ĵĵط
оǰδеΣɱħˣһһٳư˼Ļᣬû뵽ĽҪǹħдһֲǿǳ֮ġ
Ҳ˵ɱħˣȫ壻ɱħˣͬȫ壬ǿǵ
ǲڰˡ
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лʮսʿ϶֪ˣԣϣķɱħˣȫԼǲԶֵģĻ˴Ե鷳ϾҪɱǿһ˯еĹħԼѹģĸ֣óһȻܣһȺʱ䳤һ㣬ħ˵սʾԼˣͬбֻܽлȥ
Ƶĸоеޱȵķŭ
ĺҾ··һ㡣
ĿޱȵϬȫѪҺھҵļѪ̼ʴװǱ貵Ĺ⻪۳һޱʵʴ·˵ӰеСʯһķ֮ʥҲ̼ܵѸ
׿һŻлһ˿įת֮еֻһ޾壬һǰļᶨ
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ʮսŭˡ
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һƺ޷ӵķǰš


1410  ˣһ
ʮսû뵽ֱӵĽսʾȻµĿռƿ

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лһЦĨȥЩװ磬¶ݣ˵Ҳ֮һ䣬ԭֻǲؽʶѣʣɢѹ˾
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΢Цȴ˸оɽ֮ϵȻһ
ȡñڵıҹŽٴص档˿ΪлţԾƽ˵ǻ͸ţͬԱģǱǹŽģ͸ǹţ˸ܵŽǿơ
ף
ŽԴΪѩӱнȳȻЩʱ䣬ȴʼûκжҪȥΪŽ壬ʵΪ壬һƥ壬θľأ
ڵȴһᡣ
ѣһҪ˵ģǿеչֹŽıⱩᡣ
Դڴ˽һ£һ֮󣬹ŽŸϹġ
ŽҪȡҲҪǺͬⲻͬ⡣ǹչֳԱڱص֮˴Ⱥ˳ƽͬ͸ɵţԱš
ң
ϹŴУųǿܹƾһۣ֮ʥضҪɵǿ壬ڴ½ʱڣδѡ֧ʲôˣҲδ¶̬ȣǲκĺҲ˱ɽ


1411  ˣ
˳֣ǿݡ
ܹκδҪɵļ壬ֻǴʱѣȴȻӵƾһ֮һʥصؼǣ˵أԴӴ½Ʊ֮գеƷɽļƣûʲôߣʹúĪ⣬ʲôǿ֪
߳ˡ
˼ƻΪ˵ĳޱأ˭Ҳұ֤
ǿˡŽ׷׳˼ľȻѾȻ䷢޴ı仯ʥӵǡ֣ʥԲ˼ٶѸ͵ĳɳţгԽʥصļȻƷ仯ġ
Ǻˣǳ
߳ĺˣĺͨէһǸͨˣ˫۾˸ŵĵ⣬͸¶
ҳϴϺԱš
ҹŽ֮߳أţصĲ̣Ľ壬ĪĺңᱩҲһˡԺƣͬһɾ˵ơ
仯лɵһˬ
лΪ̬ƽͣ˼ƽϣô£ڲͺͺҵĺڶ֮ǰԼûݵλ㹻ˣʵڹ൱Ĳࡣ
Ͼս۷弶ʱܿսʾġ
Ȼң
лǲˬ˿ƺǺңԶˣٴξȻл޷ƽ
㻹ʱ䡣ʱסлƣģлĶУɽ֮˶
ֻһ仰·лбǿһ¸ͨ͸ˡ
԰һʱ䣬ҲŶʮֻ꣬Ҫһʱ䣬ұͻƣҿսʾ磬ƾսս˭ҶԿҴﵽĽս۷弶Ҳһġ
л˽֣ոյĲˬҲ֮ɢͷһȻϢıŽǸǣĲľѺۣӰԺʱǵɫҲˡ
֮Īо͸ԼһѣǻӰġ
֮ŮˣϢʱУȻܹóʵͬս۷弶ģ˿ѷɫġ
ʡǵ
ȴͬһӣҲǸлڶĿվǷһͷ׷ߣޱ󣡡
վڹŽ󣬿εǱѺңͶҵһҸ֣ΪȻսʵľ硣
ս޽ӽսʵĳ׿ʵǰһȣѪӿҪѪʵĲ̫ˡ
㱳Ѽ壬ΪЩԩ˱𣡡߳һ䣬Խʮ׵ľ룬Ǻȥ
Ҫɱ
㣬ǡɫ䣬Ͼ뵽ŵòһˡ
ߣ
һߣǹǱҪ赲
ȻŽǣȻǣΪǵˣǰɱǵڳΪˣԹŽԣ޷̵ģǰŽݺ˼磬ȻҪ
֡
֪ǺҵĺȴǰһƱŷǸѹס赲
ľٶʱ˵ͫһ
ڰʥǵһӣǷζŰʥǣ
˭֪ԶϹŴܱȵģǸʥضҪɵĺܣ̸ƸʵΨûȥƺңΪʲôѵֻǲУȻǣǵħѪעҪ͸ǵ˵ģǲȥУҲǵ˵ľ棬ȴûƺң
ֻһҲɵң
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ΨлףʥǵĹϵǳ
֣˼ҵ飬˵˺αȥءʵٶȴȺдһӻ߳ս۷弶Ʊŷֱ޷Թǡ
ϹâʢǺĹ֮ˡ
ԭǹ֡ˣ΢΢һü
ޣϱϣս۷弶ҲǰսʣȻԵǿߡ
սδ֮ǰս۷ǿ
õϺסͬʱ޵ͷʾлˣ޷ֹնɱġ
Ĵս۷弶ǿ߱˴˶ţ໥ƣ˭Ҳ޷֡
ણ
ǺΪ֮ʣлһ̤
һɿξ˰лϱŷĽսʵǳս־սлƴ޷սʵĵز
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Ҫ֣ʱԭƽٶȽϾս۷弶ĸ֣ʵ൱ڻδ򿪱ǲΪ˶ֵģֻǱ˴ǣưˣл־Ͳͬˡ
ǿɱ˵ģ
лôһǺ
ɱˣƾ㻹䣡ĽսʼӢʱ˳
֪Լʵս۷弶ǿǰֵһᣬ˼һȭҪлȴ¡
лĿ涢ź󣬶Ӣֱӡ
ԾͽǰУֱߣһ˿·ߣٶȫӢӣǳ衣
Ӣһֱ˵ڴĸо
ҪӢͶлʮ㣬˾ûлģǣ̵õ飬Ǻ졣
ŭӢŵڵƥĳײȥ
Ľսʵսȫ߷ɾ춯أɳʯʯգԵ𺳵ЩĽս¾˷׷׵ĵˡ
ǿһ
ٿлԾǰȥͷҲûأӢȭͷȥ̵̧֣սȻӿֱץȥ
֪ȷϵƣӢ״ĿЦ
ͬΪĽսʼȫȻռƵģлȻľٶɵһɱȵĳ
лӶƣ˿ûмע˼
أ
ҵ
εȥЩʵѷķ׷׾߶Ľڽںˣȶٴοȥ޲Ȼ
ֻлȻץסӢȭͷ
ӢȫһȭҲδܺлֺ
꣡
лӢȭͷȻлһץץ˹һĹӢȭͷǸ첲ӹȥ
ʤ
ҲҶ֣лʱŻŤͷʹŤӢͬȼУû˸ս䣡
սҪӢĨɱ
ҹȻǿյսȴϡ٣Ҫǿѩ壬Žȼǿ壬ҵսҾشӰҵ̬ȡ
лĨɱôһ˵ŷǷλӢлȻŹֻᡣ
лȵս쭳ȥ


1412  һ֮Ůһ
նɱӢɶҹɼشˣ
лɱȻһȣбɱ֮ˡ
ݣ
ս߶ҪɱӢʱһĺХȻһѹӹ׾ĹŽննٶޱȣƹӵĹŽûκεĻʽһȴͬҪһ׸ɽۻ룬սˡ
лӢȷԽɱҲȻһش
ػʥػ֮ܣлҲжϵóһ޷ػ֮ӵı
ΨзնɱӢ
л˵ȥĻһҪģ˷ǱˣŽǿ󣬿ɼһߡ
һ֣Ӣ㱻ֱ˹ȥ
ֵĹŽ̽һץһ㽫Ӣ˳ȥĹȴδͣǹŽԾָлġ
Ž壬ųһ֣޿ƥУҵҪǷǿᡣлȻóսʵʵ
лȻɱսʣ¡
һʱ䣬öռʵνһǧÿ춼һ仯ϴնɱսʵʱлоԿ׾١
ȭ
лûж˫ǻȭֱ˹ȥ
õ֣ûŽĸκε̬仯ǹŽ壬ҲǾ߱ŽľѶܶޱܵʲôΨйŽ֣һɱ
䣡
ȭ
˵Ľʱһ貵Ĺ⻪
ͬʱһΣлסΣǹŽսʼǿһС
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лڶȭٶȺ
䣡䣡䣡
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ˢ
ŽˣлһתǺǰ㻹뷴𣿡
ĿлսʵĹŽˣ󿴵ӲˣлͻȻĽǰûüӦ͸еһлץס죬ս߶ֱӽĶͬﶼʱܱĵز
վס˵ĹŽٶǰסлȥ·
ŽҲ׷׵ĳ
ߴŽֱ˴վλô£Ʋʵǽе·߶ˡ
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˵ĹŽͬʱʣɭɭĽңָػգ˴˽֯һƬ׷·ߡ
лƲƲ죬Ҫˡ
һ䣬˱㻯ӰҫȻ
춼лӰƮ죬Էֱһʵлһٵġ
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ΪҲûл
ߴŽּæӶŽ轣ˢˢĽӰݣӰ𣬶лӰҲûˡ
󣡡ӢվΧȻ
ߴŽͬʱͿлźվھǴʮ׵λãЦеĿǡ
°ɡǼ״̾һҲ޿κΣοԶˡ
ߴŽ¶Ӳ֮ɫвȴҲ޿κΣлҾͺǿûеǰ֡
Ҳˡ
Ĵս۷弶֮ĶȻ⡣
лٹȻҵ͹ˡǵ˿ûкö˼ЩǵĺˣŽǺܱӵģԼļ壬ûǹŽΪ֮ͷʸ
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˽̸УĿ˺
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㱳Ѽ壬ԼˣҪͷȥˣɱ
վսʣ֮ͨǰû뵽лѸ٣ûиĻᣬʱȻվҲҪ汳
δ䣬
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Ŀâ
һۻϵһٿȻ
ݣ
һ
ٿǺѸٻգԾɱǷӣҲŷŵӣһġ
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࡭
Ǻ󶷴ͷӲϵ䣬ڵϹš
ȴٶ̫죬նϺĲӣ棬˿ڴѪûü
紫ŵõʴװѪɱΪѪû뵽֮⣬㾹Ȼص̡ĳӸ߿մ
л̧ͷȥ
ʮƮɶΪ׵һȥʮŮӣһͷɫĳƮ׵շ·Ľûһ˿覴ãͨɫףĹճ˵һȪˬȴ͸һ⣬˲ҿôŮ˾һһܹĵǲ棬޷԰εġ
ɫȻͲʴװսʽ˽׶ǿΨ˲֪һ˽ٶȽףɣʱ򣬾սʾ磬Ҳս߽׵սʵġ
սʽлİ
뵽лͷʬ壬ӿһ˿˿ıůնɱ޷߽ǹɺ⣬ȴ΢йһ¡
Ȼ˵档
̵ˣл۶Ůˣܹ۶ģΨмѪ̵ĸ֣ᣬͳ˧ĽսʣսʵлļУƺֻһ֮һİˣ˾ǰıͰսıȻлնɱ
лһŮӵ
л骣
һŮһ£֪ҡ
̣һףʸ֮λֻˣıµİıսµİսɫµİ骣᲻֪лȻһЦıУսζӵеΣ骣Һ֪ɫܷյлݵʯȹ¡
һԭͻһˣڸһˮᣬȻĶһڣ˹ͷҪֵ뵶񱩾лһϦ֮޺ˡ
˵ƴŴ̼Ĵҩһ㡣
ֻһ飬Χ۵˷һ˻Щȼ޲ȥ
лҲһ˲롣
ָֻܿ˹
ۼ̣̣ǶǴмңȻ骵ԵħȻ츳ɶлȻûжջ
ߣ
ǹս۷弶һ˰ʩչȻ츳޵ջʧҲһЩ޷ƵЩ˵Ǳ
Ƴһޣû˵ʲô
Ҳս۷弶ǿߣֻ⣬һ֣Χ˵ģԱҪ͵¡
ˣлܣɽ֮ϣǣңĴӼ֣Щɢޣһսˡ


1413  һ֮Ů
ܹ˻Σ֪ǿ϶Աĵģлʶ˷֮в򵥵ģһ
ħޣ
Ⱪλںɽڲ㣬л֪ɽڲĵĵطеǾǽʮսڲ㣬Ҳûиɱ¾ģЩʮսʼħޡ
Щսʼħ޻ܳأս۷弶ħ޾Уٵġ
ܾ࣬ħ޵ӰѵǷˣ
ħ޴ﵽһǻۣߵǻۣΪǻĸӾԶ֪ĸ࣬ӵգοսʼħޣǱڵػʥκħ޶ױȵջοܾʹ˷
оЩɢޡ
Щûм壬û壬ûκαˣ˭ָ˵ûһЩǿأοѪӡ׽ЩϹʱǿ߷׷׳ǹħһ㣬зӡһˣȻгģҲûκһģͬоһˡ
˵ᣬؽһ
ʱҶ
˱˴˲鿴ΧľƣҲʶı仯ȻһƿطΧǺѰһط˴˷뿪
лһС壬վڱĶϷмʮ׵ľ룬ǺҲһξ룬ȻҪһᣬ֮ͨʥ뱩ڽϵ
Ҳһ˼
بǰĲǱԼµķ̫⣬Ͼµķʱ̫ˣĹ֪жΣ̫Ҫƽ̫ⷴѣֻҪһʱ䣬ȫԽģѵʮսµ
ʮսʵǿɲ˵⣬ܽ⿪ģڳ֣ȫҲδܹʮڽο˱˴˶ЩԹ𣬲ĵĺ
˼ߡ
֪ȻϦ¡
ڱɽۣ֮ԵңԶնǣУһֻɫգµĹâ·ĳصɫʡ
ˢ
ڵһɽл˱ǾɫԵʱһİ骶ȻƯ
ǻɫĳ裬ƻľԾһϮɫ¼죬˫ۻչһ˫ڿбŸƣһŶǵԭ͸κ˶ҪĶ⣬ʱȴʥ֮Ƶء
ţлоڽ֮ȻȻͬȫ෴ġ
ԭҪʩչģһĻҲͣ骺ܲ򵥰
ܹıͰսᲢ۵ŮôܲҰıͰսʵƺл
֮ͨѵ֮Ůɵ
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ҲС
Ƿ֮ʥţŹĪ֮ϣ˵Ҳ߱Խս
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л㲻ȥע骣ת
͵ҫ£лӾУȻһ𺳵ĳ
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Ҳδһ㣬Ҳδȥ
ؽĿ棬лȻ֣͸۾ķӳȥİȫͬˡ
Ϳڵİȫһţϵ֮骵ڣŰ骵壬ǿŰ骵ĶֹΪлʥ
֮Ů֮Ůĺ壿л
۾ٶһжָԭǰϹʥʺɨһУĵħڽڰˣǵħҲı˵ıԸ֣ƣϹʥʽǵİΧȦÿϹʥʶƾʥ߼ϷӵħĴ˲ʱĴħŭǲħĸ־ۼдħãʱһλħһʥֶΣֶֻֻŮɣʶдֶεģ㱻Ϊ֮Ů
ô˵骵ķҲ൱ĸˡлŰ骣ܹоǷٳɳḶ́ĵ֮ŮΨŮ˿΢һͣ٣Ȼ䣬˫Ŀ⻪ʢ櫣
ΪϵĴڣҲȻģҺܿѾﵽ۷徳ˡ
ˣ櫵սȻܹԭ߳ɣһġ
лһؿڡ
ﻹһöɫ񵤣櫵һꡣ
ΪֹǱڵûвű櫵ıóѵĿԡ
ʱƣʵŵĶ㣬лһЩˣȻƶϳöɫĳֲɸ˵ܣΪܣϧðսһʼɫڡ
Ҫ֪лڵʵٶ֮죬ȫԽ˵ԼһƵٵģȻȫԼҲûʮİգһϲãǲԱ֮ģл͵òʧˣֻϣЩʵƾԼɱǵ
ҪҪϰ骵
лҡҡͷûҪһΣеڶΣʵ죬죬Ҳǰ뿪ȥؼģα֮Улᣬǰնɱǡ
ѣڵľ棬֮УҪѲ֪ٱţԿܷ뱩ڵıϵʩչһУ޷
͸֮ʥ硣
лƽһԣδҲȥˣȥ鿴ǽеס
֮ǰʮսʩչģҪö۵ԿģǽеͻȻͷųһ߽ɫ⣬ɻ⣬лһ˿ڴ
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ƾǱ̬Կһ˿¶ܹɨһǿˡ
лǽеס
ȥһɫСԲ֮ǰͬĵطǣΧϵһϸ˿Ľɫ˸š
лȥӦȻٿء


1414  ɫ硾һ
׽׳ʲôزӵкεȵһ㣬ԶҲ޷ĨȥǾл
ȻԼȻϵġ
ֻ֮ǰ֪ǷΪ׵ԵʣлϵлоĴڣ·ƾʧһ㣬ܹԼΣյʱ򣬻˵ʮսѹ£һͱĽȻ˿Ҫĵز
лȥӦ
һ˿޵ĸо洫ݹܵͷ·лͨһ˿š
ϵ΢ȴлԼожǿ
žžž
Χϸ˿Ľɫ˸ţͬͷԼлĵĸӦȷɫ׵
ʮսʶлĹ൱սʵϾлֻĽսʣȻʥܹڱԼɳ֮ʩչͺӹһʮսʵĸֻ֪ҪӳսʵɺɱлģοʱΣҲܹĽлöġ
л޷ӦжǿȴжϳΧͷųϸ˿Ľɫ
һĽսʵ
ںȫԶԿսʵ
⻹ֻųһˣһ˿˿ĽɫںҲһ˿߲ϸˡ
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лȥٿľͨ΢ĺһ˿ߵϵ
˼Σ˿
лҲ٣ϵܹı仯ǲŲȻУǾȥһ˿˿Ľɫ磬ܹͬǿսʵ
ŲٿһĽɫ硣
һ䣬һϸ˿Ľɫ㷢һ춯лĿ֮£ӣɵɫҪʱȴڴһ˿ֽ֮䳶ȥˡ
仯ле㵡
Ȼ޷ϸ˿һ߽ɫǣȥЩĵٴǣһߵĽɫ硣
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·ΧĽɫ޷뿪һ㡣
лЩˡ
˵Ӧ˲Ŷԣǽе֮ǰһߵĽɫ磬ʱлԺ¹ˡ
һһĻ䡣
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лŲٿؿռ̼Ľɫ磬ͬЧתʹս
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ǹս⣬л˺Ƴʵ񵶣˶鲻Խ˽䱸ֹ⵽лĹ
սԽǿлͷƺܵĳִ̼һ㣬ȻҲ֮ı仯ϸСĽɫ翪ʼ۳һ߽ɫ⣬ΧէȥȻö۹ɵĽɫƣŵ⣬лԷֱ֮
ö۵ʹı仯лһĻ𵱳ö渡ֵĽɫ
ʱʮսʵȥģлܹ۲⵽ɫĶֻһٶδӳлδеױͷųɫģڿȫô£ԭӦö۵ĽɫԼս߶͸ս⣬ʹӦͷųɫġ
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ս֮öƯڿУ渡һɫצģл֮ǰʮսʽֵʱҹǲĽΧĽɫ磿
ɫ΢΢ͷ
Ȼ㣡лɫܹٿҵģ
лģĵġ
Լ˿Բٿأκ鶼Խܵġ
ɫڿУ׵̺൱һֵȫ֮ǰȻͨһЩ򵥵ͷųһ
Щģŭлƽ
Ȼ׽׵Եʣһжöеϵۺ׵Ľɫĺɫ类ڣɫҲڵעУ׽׵ľ档
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Ȼ޷лҲȥ׷ʣĵĻԼܹƵ٣ܷƿŵһ߽ɫ磿ֻܹһ߽ɫ
ԼɫĻشܿ϶


1415  ɫ硾
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лϣԼСˣʵƺġ
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1416  壬ľ֮һ
ŴƣлЩŭˡ
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ɲǼ䣬Ѫʮ㣬ɾıɽ֮ۡ


1417  壬ľ֮
˵лսʣܹһ𺳵Ļôھּشս۷弶ǽеħѪ֮Ǿˣ˿лĿⶼ˱仯ǹǺս۷弶ǿߣҲоһ˿𺳣һ˿Īĺ¡
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ǹأصҾȻ޷жʲô˵֮ǰͻȻֵģһֱƾռ˲ǰģΨŽ͵ͨΪʲôĳ֣һֱǷռȥ룬ɷͻȻһ⣬ǵȷпռֻŶԣǱռģҲΨ˲ſܽʮսŵӴܣֲľԺ͹ԵӦǡ֮


1418  ʥ֮Ľ۷塾һ
֮ǿ֮һ
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֮ʥۼ籾Դ֮Ѿͳͳˣ籾Դ֮ɵһЩ仯Ծɿ˸Ӧ֮ʥ籾Դ֮ġ˵
ûҸеƵģ籾Դ֮Դϵ֮Ҿһֱ룬ȫǿռĻô籾Դ֮Щƣϸ֮Ҷ϶ǿռӦֻǶһڣ֮˵
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޵ͷ
УȥʮսʼħޣǶģ
Ǵͷβδǹҡ޻ش
ü𣬳
лǲǷʲô
֮ʥ䣬᲻ϵؼЩ㲻ĶһЩԶʱڣϹʱǿһ߲л֮ģԷ֮ʥ̫ļ䣬Ȼ󲿷ֶǲȱģģأ޷ϵģЩܹϵġ˵
һ㣬лȻ֪γɵۣԶȡԶʥؼһЩ䣬һָһ㡣
˵оһǹġ
л޶û˵֪϶˵Щĳֹϵ
ģǼǧսʼǿߵľѪһ䣬֮ռʮսʼħ޵ʮսʼħ޵Աǹ⡢ľͿռԣ֮Ļ֮ģ쾮֮ˮγһھʲôǶμѾʧˡ˵ţἰʮսʼħ޵ʱ˵ʵֻǱѡУȻתͳȥģǵ˾źûʲôԼ޷ġ
л˵ʮսʼħޣˡ
һ仰û˵Ǿ϶ӦúͶ嶷ἰıŽܵϵŶԡ
ֻ㲻ӷ֮ʥڶȡƬεļ䣬׸ʲôõġ
ޣԿռо񣬰ǵȷӦǿռ˲ȥģŻĸ֪;Ѱǰɣţ֮ʥĻжٰҵǣлʵ
ֻҪû뿪ɽ֮ͨʥҾаսҳ˵
л£ȥȡľ֮
һ̫Σˡ
޷ҵĽ֮Һõģȥ磬Ҫȡľ֮ҲѡлЦ
Ѿ̫ǿ߼ˣ̫ΣһЩ
Щδضɣл뵽ȴħˣȦг˯ǿߵġ
ˡƽ˵ˣγɵģǾϹʥʵ°ܽһȫµ壬Щ˯ǿǣǵһЩˣҲ޷ϾҪжʮȦأǱƷÿһҪһʱܹ죬õȴɢʮطһػڳǿ߲ս۷弶Լľ֮ǱģȱٵģػԾޣֻҪõõȫɲȡľ֮ġ
ǾͺðˣĶͨϣǾǵľ䡣лЦ
뵽ĶͨҲȻˣϣǾ䣬лһۣ㲻ȥǵʧ
лͻȻս㲻ˣҲ˵ʧ˵ЦһʧӰˡ
ɽл·ϣؽʱָлҲԶԶĿܹ֪ʲôطġ
ƾڲأЩ뿪Ѿ˿ʼѲǵˣԷ
ʮεһǧףл㵽˶ɽ
ûеһʱʹ붫ɽϣԼԶһɽɽһ֦Ҷ㷱ïϡ
׵ľ룬ƾлľ磬۾ܹЩϵëףĶܹͨһǧԶĵط
ĿͿֻǧңںɽɽ֮һĶɽΧнǧĸ֣󲿷ʵһ㣬ֻʥѣǿȥܷɢʵǽɽΧ
ɽɽľɭɭӲݴʯᾣҲڲĸ֣лֵܹľһЩһĸ֣㶼ˣЩ˵ʵЩɹˣǿսʾ硣
ϣɽֻۣ߰ˣȴлоһ˿Ľ
߰˵УȻս۷弶ģľ㶼սʼģҲʾľ֮жôҪľ֮ıƷÿһ굮Ǳȡߣ̱ϡ
رעҲ֮С
ǳսʣǾ͸ʾ
лԶ϶ͳͳЩ˯ǿߣ֮صģûһˡ
ʱ˿̣һս۷弶ǿľ֮Աߣ辧ĶţһĶľ֮һս۷弶ǿһԣƺȫľ֮ɢŨŨľ֮


1419  ʥ֮Ľ۷塾
ϢԽŨضǵĴԽأľ֮ۼľ֮ɵģϢյһ滨ǰλսʼǿȴ첻⣬ͱǸոձѵĳ˯ǿߣûоʥ죬ԾǱԭʣԵġ
лľ֮Աߵս۷弶ǿߣһ˵ĳ嶯Ƕǰ˸սˣڸҪľ֮Աߣ˽Ĺעţ±
еơ
ԭƾȡľֻ֮Ǿ֮ͣڿûô򵥡
ǲףҲҪȥľ֮
ʧȥľ֮ױ߽⣬ܽĴֱʥѹƣлɹ
վ֦ϣ۲ʮӣž֡
ɽڵ档
лصĵص㣬ǽоȷģȻȷݵʲôطֵȵȣежϣֹκһ⣬Ͼֵʵ̫ǿˡ
˵н֮
лرоˣ֮Ȼûκв֮лһ
ʽ֮רŽЩܵ˻ħޣֹӵ´ԽȥЩ˱㲻ٹڹע£лᡣ

ɵƽ֮лһֱﶫɽɽۡ
ɽֻһ۵СɽֻΪﱻһλǿ߻Ϊأűȡ֣ɽ۷ΧǳС
˴սʱ˴ʮ׵ľ룬㽫ɽ۶ռˣǵľ磬ʮ׵ľеޡ
˵ǰ˵ķͨԿ⡣
лڼսʱ˴˼Ŀ϶ڴ˵أлܹظоľ֮ɢŨصľ֮
ΪľԵˣ˵ľ֮Ũĵطʥء
Ũľ֮лҪȡöͷſռ䣬ϣٶȸѸ͵ġ
ľ֮ȥۣ֮ͨûʲôֻǻδȫʢӨ͸Ļ·һȼһ㣬Ϧ£¶ʱԵøĶĿ
лȻǰƶ
ϢģϾ滹н֮ȻлûˣȻǱõģ˺ѷֵġ
лľ֮·˶Էֵġ
濴ȥľ֮ĸĸ룬ɢ˷ԴԴϵؼȡľ֮
лҲע⵽ľ֮Աߵս۷弶ǿΪˣһЩӨ͸С壬ȥܲ򣬲ͣ飬Ȼľ֮ΧȻЩĩڣ͸£ľ֮ȥ·ĳǣ͹ȥһ㡣
ľ֮·лܹĸоĩ̺ͺл鵺õԪ飬Ԫ۶ɵһ㣬ȻЩơ
ЩĩҪľ֮ȡЩͲסСַ棬Ƿĩģ̺ŵŨԪһԶתȥ
лϽд
УлҲȥ۲رս۷弶ǿߣȻû˿ĲΪľ֮գԾǻĵȴţǷĩ׷׵£лڷš
ĩ̺ŵԪֱ֮࣬
һգлܸеսǰٶлϲѣɵûս۷弶еЩС嵽ʲôҪľ֮ٳɳģ˵ȻҲİ
лȡľ֮ģ˼ˡ󷽡ʱûж֡
ĴֱʥѹƣһҪľ֮ȫʢڰ뿪״̬Ѿ㹻ˣлɲ˷˺öľ֮Լȡء
лҲҼӿգɵġ
ǻš
ǻٶҲ൱˵ģ˼ݶһǧһǧٶȡ
ǷĩڵԪȫȡ֮󣬱ɢˡ
ս۷弶ǿ߱ٴóһö飬£һ˿˿ǣľ֮¡
ԾǱлȡġ
ʱһһĶȹ
ܿ죬նһҹ͹ȥˣǳĳ֮£ľ֮淺һ㵭ɫţɢľ֮ӵŨվľ黨·лǷţϵٶȡ
ֻһҹĹѾӽĽս۷ľ硣
һҹʱ䣬ս۷弶ǿеľҲ׵ˡ
ʥƬô˷ˣǿϧҪȡ̺ŵĴԪкܴϣսʼġһս۷弶ǿ߿ľ֮Щϧĵ
ûʲôϧģҿսʾ磬ֻʱ⣬ܹףգǱư˼硣ľ֮Աߵս۷弶ǿ˵ʥ˵һл˶ģҵϣܹ˼һ棬һʵ
˱һûһš
лţ峿նľ֮ɢľ֮أһֱӽʱ򣬲ͣ
лʵѾĽս۷弶ȻսʵıԵֻϧʥƬȻùˡ
ȻǵƵʥĲƬл͸еǱԼĻҪûЩѵǿǣҲʥƬʥô󣬱֮л˱ˣЩƬȻȥˣѪӡ׽ȫͨЩʥƬ൱սʼǿߵġ
ټѵǿжǿ
лЩˣǿħҪѵģǷһЩδѵĳ˯ǿأ˵
۴ĸ򿴣嶼ѾǸˡ
ǿ壬һǱȻľУлץסľ֮
ȻﵽĽս۷弶лԼһζߣȫλսҲԼټ
תսޡ
лץľ֮Ȼһ˿ս͸ľ֮ΧԼ׵֮ڣȻһ
ս͸ȥľֹ֮ٻ漴¡
ץľ֮лֱǱȥ
ã
ľ֮ˣ
ս۷弶ǿȷӦ˼ͬһʱ䣬ҲñֱӺȭȥ
䣡䣡
ǿεĳŵºȥ
ǵǿı̬һȭܽɽɽͷƽɱϾܵɽ͵谭ɽͷлһֱǧ֮ԶֻǱ΢һ¡
ֻҪտʼûблԣǾͰȫˣȫԷӵޣκ˶Զв
˴սƵһڣ̫ҵĽ֮޷ƽ⣬עľǿǰӶᣬδ»вģҲлһ֣ߣǿгȴ޷лɰ谭Ĺؼ
ս۷弶ǿߵӵػʥлԣֵһᣬοȻĽս۷弶ͻƣҲǽߵģʵǿ߶ػ֮ߡ
õľ֮лǱٵ򱩷ɽȥ


1420  ĺ⡾һ
ƾлܿ᷵޺ڵǸɽڣ붴֮ʱҲڸߴңԶĶɽӰζѰľ֮ټ
ˣʵ
лľ֮óҳȻֵ
ɣľ֮綼Ҫ֮ʥ߶ܷӳġ˵
лͽľ֮
ǲҵôˣлѯʵ
ӦѾ뿪ɽˣδҵ˿ټ޵
лҲû֣Ҳ
϶ǺͶ嶷ıӦĳϵܹɵıҳǷˣֻȻһ˿ʹ˷ҲԲܵġ
Ѿˣ尲űľֶ֮ΣҲֻܹɵĵõľ֮ˡǶлı֣п
лЦʼ硣
ĶͨĴ䣬ȷǾ䣬پ½֮󣬸绢ˣҪȡľ֮Ѷ֮ĸлֻʧܡ
ľ֮ȫˣڿԽ뱩˰ɣл
ʱС̾ԱλɷѿģˣҪȥнǹſԣȻҲԽġ
лü⵹Ǹ⡣
ҿҲѡ
ţа취л
΢΢һЦˣԱȤĿɲֻǡ
лһ۾һĴָٺЦ⡣
һһ㶵ģʲô˼ǿʮսµƺź׽һ㡣
Ҳûͣɽ˳ȥ
ͨҵһû˵ĵط¶棬Ŵҡڵ·رɽ֮ۡ
ǵĻع飬˵ע⡣
һЩ˸Сۣ޷ǾǣͲ˻뿪Ȼֻ˵ȵȡ
лɫȻҲý͡
ֻ˿ǵȴǲԭǰ㣬͸һ˿Ƶζ̷棬Ǿĵģڣ·лԴǵ裬һͣ˵
лҵܾˣഫ
Լʮ˻ԶΪ׵ĺȻߣҸֺһĸ֡
ҲѾֻǲȺھ˴Լ׵ĵطţʱлڵ˹
Сģλ϶ǣٵħ˵ǣҲġѵ
лЦסûнħ˵飬ɱľٶҲԲưոݵģЦеĿߣҸʲôҿֻŮȤ
ԣϵļⶼһ鶯ӵˡ
ٵʥݻ崫ʥջפطΧڣĵǲСɭɭĵ
лһ죬Ҳ·ͷССȻҲռطΧɽΪˣͷŸⱩ޷ֻ֣ߣǵʱԼȡڵĶⱩɽǵˣ
⻰һڣʱֳɧ
˶֪ڱΧһţҲǱʼ޷뱩Ĺؼȴû֪ԺηɫȥƺЩİ֮Իɵǣǲ𹫷ߣҲǰһӣʵΨǲܹġ
л㲻Ҫ߼޻ŭȵ
лƲ׶ģôм١
ñ˻ͳ뱩ˣôʱ񣿡Ц
ǵ밡ϧҪԻЩ˯ǿΪЩ֮Ѿ˵أΪ˶ñڵбȱ弸λǿ߼룬ŶֶΡлҲ߼͵ĻᣬתˣҵĻǿЩɣҪ֤ʵܼ򵥣ɫرαװҪѣӦа취ɡ
ߵлõõǣ
ʼ磬лҪõڵĶͱҪǻɫȻĻҶûᣬҪ⿪Ψ˿֪ô
Ȼ֮ǰл裬ھưǰ骲òȥǻɫԡ
ͱЩ˽⿪ȻĻһ뿪عפأôǰǾˡ
ڷҪƻǳ롣
ִһ
ݣ
ǹֱӺǻɫ档
ײûзôҵı骵ֱӱûǻɫڣΪħѪ֮ˣҪֱ׾ٵ顣
͸ȥǾͿǻɫط˱仯
һϢԭŵĺڰϢѸٵˣ·˾ۼһ㡣

ȻµģҪ̱ڵ
ˣһ뿪Ǿûл뱩ˡ
һȺ˽еֶΧ
ǡҲж
ԭҪлѵҪ޲ýл˺ƬŸġ
лЦ
뷨ˣ˶뱩Ƕûа취ҪȥֲſԣôһЩ֪ԭôǶȻ
ֻҪǱɳҪ򿪱ʱ򣬴Ǳ뱩Ȼ֮ͨʥķӵһ̬ĸ߶ȣԾ޷룬ȴõµһС
˵Ĵ㡣
һжڰǵļƻš
Ȼֹ֪ǽľȻ֮뿪ֱǴ
ǹŽǣޣҺԼһЩɢеս۷弶ĸǷ׷׵ǰЩйһΧȦֶΧ
ǹƸ˸еĺ⡣
лҧгݡ
лЦǺǵĵҪôлŶ
һը˷ΣΧΣ֪Ҫ⿪û뿪ˣһĵãҿԽǱһҲǴ򿪡
骿ߣٿлһתЦʲôҪֻҪֵģǿ϶Ӧġ
Ҫҽԣǡ˫Ŀɭıлڴ֮ǰҪȽлǶ׼֣


1421  ĺ⡾
лϵЦݶʱӲˡ
Ȼ߷һֱ´˴λǳı֮С
Ұָϳģǽ뱩Ҳҵͷλòͬɣл
骵лǿƣѵǲɣҵϣлôѵأͬ⡣
΢΢һЦһҲͬ⡣
ɢ޷׷׵ĺˣȻͬˡ
ǿɲлǶԣܹ뱩ӶҪģĶǴҪġ
Ƿ棬ǵĵ鲻Υ
Ҳ˿ˡ
ҲȻˣ˾óмһƬյظǽս
Ұǣȴ˴ңѲⰡл̾Ϣ
ЦҪֻܹ̫Ϊˣлҿô
δ䣬ҸȻʩչ֮˵ظ
ͳͳǰܹʮ˽лΧս۷弶ǿ߾֮࣬սҲһЩ˵˷ĸ൱Ķֳ࣬ǿˡ
֮лȻЧȻ򲻹ôˣҪߵûҲûܹס
лɫƽޱȡ
ҪǾôߣǿɲлķ
ȻﵽĽս۷弶ľ磬һЩٴ߶ɫҲǿԵģҹȥһˣʩչ˲ָҲˣЩܹⱻΧУڵ
ͷôҲܶԸ𣿡л˵
Цл㲻Ҫ뼤ŭңҪ˺㵥ǲܵģҸ㣬ҶҪնɱ
Ҫʧˡл
ʧƲأҪأս۷弶ǿߣսʣʮĽսʣ㹻лնɱıģ㻹𣿡
ȷǳĿɹۡ
л۶ߣû˵Ҫӣ˵ǣôˣҪɱҲ練ơ
л̫ˣҸִŭ
̵İȴӿڵû˵󻰣µս۷弶ֶ޷ֵһлƺһܹشս۷弶ҵĹ۲죬ӦֻһĻᡣ
ˢˢս۷弶е˼ǰվлҴһ׵λãһסսҲͬΧл
лһɱĻᶼնˡ
лѡߵ
ЦתллֲҪŶֻһԼĻˣӦøлҵģ԰ɡ
лƽĵģһúøлģ
ͬĺ硣
ǰ֪л϶죬׼ǱлǱĿһɣȻһɺĵðԺڣǶǴ
ûлˣɣɱ
ɲǼ䣬Ȼý
ս۷弶ǿͬʱ˵
л΢һСվһ𣬴˿˲лҪʩչʱ롣
𣡡
һѹХȻӾ֮ϴ£ѹƵֱս۷弶ǿϣǼֹͣս䱸Ŀ߿ա
Ҳ׷׿ȥ
ֻ߿нԾ˵ٶȿ쭶Ϊ׵һվһ׶ߣ߰׳ľϡ
һѳɫĿ⣬һۣƮ˶͸һӵķâ
һ˫ħǣȴ˫ͨķϵħǲû̫𣬿ϸͻ֣ᷢǵͷԼԼëڵ£ƺ״ǣСԡ

ħǷħǻʣ
ǵ󣬻һȺˣΪۣһһ«ϵغƣһһ˫۾ĴŮɨţֶƺս죬һȺʥǸ֡
ʥǵս۷弶ּ״Ȼ٣лΧ࣬ˣǷħǻʣ
Ҳ֮ת䡣
лþòˣû˸ҽܰսԶеҲǰ
һսʣ
лԵͷսֶƹȻûʧΪٶҲ൱ĲѾһսʼľ硣
ǸǾ˵սʼ
Ѹ͵ٿħǷħǻʣлʶǴʲôǡ
ǲλŮȥǿлɨһ۰骡
ս쿴骣۵ʱâ䣬޵ģǷ˵Ҫ󡣡
лھͽ·ǹ⣬úһ¡
սʶл԰骵ĵӣսл⣬ٶŮرԣŮŭһ٣ٶˬŻ˵ģٺ٣ðɣȻлô룬Ҿ㡣
ЦĴȥ
ɲ骾ǷκŮˡ
ϣҪǷҪǵİأֱս죬ʵɱսǿһģڱֱָؼ
лüͷһ壬ʶ骵Σˡ
ŮĻ֮ʢȰıؼǣٳӦĳ棬˷һҪֵĻʵȴڸһԾܹл㣬ǱƾΨܹҪЮֹͬԸллڳˣȻǴھơ
΢΢һЦλǲҪҽ⿪Ա𣿿ԣһҪ󡣡
Ϊ֣ɱңÿյҪɱȷʧܣһ汳ģҪ֮лһߺͰ骵ıҲھĸҲҪصĴۣ˶ˣǵפؾڲԶϿǲһǰʱ򣬽صǳԾǶñ
⻰ҲЩͶͬ巽
üҲ̵лˡ
ڰ骺߸еֵʱлֿˣȻҪңҲð죬ȵǽұ뿪СʱǷ򿪱Сʱ֮ٷأλΣ
ҿСҺһʾͬ⡣
˼лòᷴԣ׷ͬ⡣
Сʱʱ䣬ܹƱķлһ֧ᱩı᲻ͬ⡣
ֻǰ骵ȴеûô򵥣ǿɲлãҲеڡ
Ļţ߳
лһЦ˿һǧסһ֣ʥǸڿնֱ߿ǧ׾롣
лǣֶƵ
лشս췭۵֣ʲôʱлԹưɣܿ˾ͻڵġ


1422  ҵһ
лľٶҲóʲô˵ƣȻк죬뽫л˺ˣ͹˲ŸģȴҲֻˡ
Աɽֻۣ֮Ŀ⣬Щˡ
ƾʵ֣ɨЩ˵ҲѣȴôǵõеҲΧˣʱ嶼Σա
Ҫߣ˵Щˣелһˣ㹻ͳͳնɱģοлڴľˡ
߿骣˵ʼնվԼлԼ־ģ׻ǰ骷ֱֻʼղף̵ĵȻжͲ±ΧмƻУ˵Ψһĵط
ϣ붯ְɡҺĮĵ
Ͽһۺ̾һֻѡ֣ǿµģҪ⿪Ҳô׵ģ׼һ
һ˿᲻֪ߵսϣɸǰֻҪ㹻ɰȻȥģʮʱ׼
ʮӲߵ
ֻʮӣǿӲ˵
ǹޣǹǺεˣǶǾ͸ģҲ׷ױʾֺ֧˵
ҲֻܴӦ
ߵһߣһξ룬һսǿ˵֣һ岻һֶҾʱ䣬һϵǵˣֻҪǸϵڵһԾǵġ
ǶڶţҪʩչ»ѡһĸֵ
ûһ᣿ü
һ̧ͷлˣлڿУڼǣҲӴʩչֶεѶȡ
ԣŻȻ򣬸лϸ߿ջôһ⣬Ź۲Ƿ˰뿪߽ӽл
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Ϊʱ䣬伫
ʮ֮˵Ĵߴ£̵߲ģ޲ǰһǰ档
ҲӦжôǿ󣬾طƽ⣬Ҳһʱ飬ԻǲҪҡ߳һǳģ
ߺһֽ¸ģĶͨлҲġ
ɾɵҲܿ߹ʱġ
һһǧߴʱˡ
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ҲΪڶ췽ĲŻʵǾˣ̫ʥǵĸܹԽսĶʹʥսҲɱУлʥǵڶɱĿ꣬ǵɱĿꡣ
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ˢ
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ͬ뷨а骣޵ˡ
л˶ԼҲһЦ
汻ǲµˣлȷⷽĵģ֮ǰߺһἰվøߣԶɱǴ鱨лû뵽ģȫƾ͸һǻˣϣûô̬
ߴһʦȻ
ͿǷԭһͬӣѸϡ֡
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ʲô骵
Ȼ̸ˡлЦ˵ҿ뿪СʱͺֻҪ⿪Ǳ߿һܿȻҲԿ
骴ŭ㡭
лֹ˵˵ߣȻҵģҵȻҲģҵܼ򵥣ġ


1423  ҵ
˶лҪһЩУһģԭŭʱɢ
˾ԼģǾͺĶŭοһֱܷе壬лѣǶ֪ıȻһֺ⡣
巽ɫһ䡣
ʲôƣʱָֹͣվŭ
лȻһɱ⡣
Ũҵɱ巽һɫЩ仯ǿߣߣ׷׳䱸Ŀл
ǽŵӣлͻȻЦˡ
ɭɱ˲ʧתΪº͵硣
ǰķ˶Щɵ㵵Ŀл֪Ҫʲô
ҵܼ򵥣ֻҪܹǽеıǾˡлЦǺǵ˵ԼҪ
ߴŭ̫
Ҿ̫лͷƦåһ㣬ߣҲһơ
ս߿лٿʥǿߣֻлһ벻
ǾܽģӲĵ
лʼ磬λҵû㣬ֻҲԱඡ
骵޳ܣ
л٣ӦŽǵ
ǲ˼ҸҪûᣬôлţ¡лЦȻˣ˭ڲأԣҾֻҪǽֻѡĸλԼ䡣
һ˵ԣʾһ㶣漴ϲ
һЩ˵ıЩ˴Ľսϵľ簡еıôܲȻûһսʼеıлΪսʼ
˵ǣлƿصʥǣûռģս죬ֶҪбֻǳʥѣЩеĻһʳΪսʼģջж
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ΪԼһһ£Ӧÿ԰ΣģϾ˭δ뱩ͱսҲפصע⣬Ҳ
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ǸΧˣߵֲ˶೤ʱ䣬ͱͳͳնɱġ
ʧȥֵıǵսͻ뱩ҲӦĽͣλñʥһҲʱ˳ǻܵõһѵıлЦе˵λôأ
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֪ջȴûмԸֿڳУлʥǿξ巽档
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һ
ԭҪ͵ϮлߣлȻ㵽ȺȥˣҲֻգлզôƻһᶼ
ϣҿ㻹˰ɣˣŭճġʱ򿪿ˣԭõĻʥأʥûУҪ˵ˣͶԼ뷨ˡ
һͷǹŽͬ˵Ķ԰尵֣Ҫ̱Ѿ˺ܲˡ
˵ľǵˣѾһˣҲģǱͽӶһˣȴҪᣬյ
ǵҲһһĶˡ
ʶʱΪܣ˳Ӧƣֵ֮ˡҺҲˣ˵ĸֱӣǾвˡ
Ļ
װˣٶҲҪлȺ棬
лָл͸еǰһ󷢺ڣſһѪԵڵء
Ȼˡ
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һ˵ȿеı۵ҪлҲǺأͬʱЩڣл͸ɱôŵóԼֵıڿɺãı涼ˡ
ĺ⣬һ˽׷׵¡
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ҲԼĳŵ˰ɡĵ
ǵȻ뿪ɽлЦųֽѽ׸սֶˣߡ
ЩЩ⣬лֲҲֻȥ
ɽ֮۵ĸˣĿлһߵûӰŷģʼ
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һĸҲѸٵʩչǧߴ֪ͨפڵһ֣ȻָϹ
æ뿪лܵķˡ
һٶˣӴ󣬿лȻĽս۷徳磬սֻһ֮ңǺɵĴһٶ˽ֻһݵľ޷ﵽǧףֻһǧ׶ѡ
Ѿ㹻ˣл֪Ļع鱩ɽڵɽ
ޱǱģ뱩ܱµķӰġ
Ҿ˵лսթ޳ܣôܷأҲ̫ʧС緶ˡս״ɵôЦ
л۵Һʱսթˣǹ󣬾ˣֶΣҲıˣҳЩûõģ˵˵ʱ׶ٴˣ
ûΡսЦ
ţȷûΣܹ״ѾߴʮΣһɹֶƵ
лսļͷˣô㣬ôҲҪﵽǧβаʷĳλʷѧңרŸء
ԣôЦ
ЦУǴԽãʽ뱩
һ뱩ӭһŨԪ
˶̲סһ̾
Ҳ˫Ŀһо˻ᣬͻƣʵĻᣬӵз֮ʥ˵طȫΪһ
޲ûо߽սʼħޣδȶ硣
ɣǸôл˵
ϾͬСɣÿһطǰ˻أһǾҪ˵ġ
ֶƣ㣬㣬㡭ָʮˣȥƵʺǵĶҲʺĵط·ͼԽȥĵطΣյġ
뿪
ҲⱩͼȡ½ȨģԱһֱ£֣ڱڲֻеķԣԵǿߴڣʶıطʺģǿı
ֶƣޡ䡣
ֳܹ߲ˣֱ뱩ڵ߸Ψл


1424  ʥ
лڵλǱһƫԺʯ̵أһ̲ݣΧл̳ȫЩģ֪ǧܿһλ滨м͸һŨŨϢ
˶Ѿ뿪
ȥʲôطлɲΪԼҪȥǱרŸ֮˲ܹõĵطȥҲǰȥܻܵųġ
ʥ
ţлЩ⡣
ʥ˼壬־֪봫йصģȻ봫йأǾ뱩еϵʲôô
˵ĴʥеģΪʱ򣬱ȻıԵǽʥڵĴ輸ԿˣʣµľֻãһѹҹˣһܶЩ
лȻ
õʵ

лգգۣѾõ׵ļӳ֣ŶɱΪͼˣƺѾ˰ɡ
˵õֻĻҪ׺ͷзǹؼȻѾͨ׵İƣҲֻƵ׷緽ҪĲſԣҪµܴﵽŽսʼԽ֮ʥǻ̫ʱ䣬ڵսԽԽãʥڱҪ󡣡
ǸôлԼƺ̫˽⣬˵ֻ֪һ㣬ҲֻǴӿ޻˽⵽ġ
Ϊ֮ϹʱϵٶȷһӦ뵽ô򵥣Ͼ弯ȫϷ֮ʥŴģٶ壬ֻյĲȥ˸ɴࡣһ£˵ٶȣǿĹ
лȵ
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ЩƮұϽ»ָķֹ˽룬ǹŽƺרƽⱩĶûȥʥȻĴ󱩷Ľơ
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лͷǴʥȥ
ߵƫԺſڣʲôһ¡
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ʯѾӲ
棬лԺвĻԻ͡
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ЩĿĵƯš
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ȫչ׶࣬˫Լ׵ӣӵŵлԵñȽСˡ
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ڵͼƣȥȻѤãɸ˵ĸоҲе㻨ˣлս߶ת룬ͼƱ·תһ㣬˿˿ĵð
ͬʱлͷ֣Լǰʮţϵŵһ֡
Щűлϻת档
֮󣬴ҲǰӣлоƺһЩʲô
䣡
һ
ͼǵܵȻʵĴڣǵ̳ܵģл֪Ӧǻַ֮Է١
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ˣ
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л׿ȥһ񶼱ǣȥĸо
Ǿ޴ĺĻиֵǹٵһƵӸ߿ս£棬ʼ
ͬʱЩƮĺɫٶӳлУЩɫŴ˷мۣһһ޴ĺɫţͬʱǴһ˿겨


1425  һиڡһ
ɫͻأֵȷлĪĲУ·һ˫۾ڿԼѾǺɫŵȷûʲôڵġ
лǰγɵľ޴ɫţȥ֪Ҫַһŵ¶
ֻһ˲ϢĸолȴΪǴ
ôһԵе㲻̫˵ΪѹıͷҹҵڣƺҹҲû籩ǰ壬ʱ̱Ÿ߶ȵľ衣
ʶһ˿΢ɲ겨δĸ֪
л۷Ź⣬ĶȻĺɫţȴҲûиоһ˿һ겨
֡ло⣬̽ǰץȥ
΢һԼս͸едȻҵĲƺҲܵһ˿Ӱ졣
лϽֹͣ߶Լս
ܹƣǿǶл˵ŷǳҪõģԲ׵˷ѡ
ֻʱԹۡ
Ǻɫű㲻ϵػ۹֮ǰƯĺɫҲǳ˵ͷСںϣǺɫžȻϵСӵʵںģҹĻĺɫһģ
еĺɫŶ֮лȻǺɫھȻһԾŵС硣
ꣿлб⺮
ǺɫСԾųǳ΢겨Ҳлˣ¾ϸȥӦδܹġ
ž
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Լ֮󣬺ɫСٿȻһлǰ
ˢ
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л״ֻڴĴпЩ
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лһȶ
䣡
׼ںϳΪ֮Ȼһ±㽫˺ѡ
лȻ߰˳һˣ˵ĸоٶ˵ȫԵʹã䲻ɱˣһУ˭뵽ܹأ
лظоȻˣδﵽޣ䱾ƺܹܵɵ׺ʹɵ硣
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ϣǺĻҲ֮飬׵ɢ
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һ´ʮףһ֣ǱķлЧȻҲǺɫСЧġ
ɫСҲһ˿ϢģȻ΢ȴԶлĶͨ飬Ǳ֮ڲ׽ɫСλãٵ׷ȥͷֺɫСԾǱһȶٶǱš
ƺļӿٶ֮˵
˱֣л붯֣Ǹں档
ȻɫСһ̫ˣûκεһ˿˼άɹ仯Ǵ˵ģ뿪ʥģ͵һΪζˣлûгֽ
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лǷһ˿ЦҶ϶ɫС϶ǱƵģӱķ˵û˿ƣǾܵġ
ɫСٶԽԽ죬ﵽлҪӳųٶȵĵزҪ֪ųɵٶȣ¾ս۷弶ĸֶδܹ׷ϵģ˿ӣ뿪ľ룬ɫСֱͣӴϵ档
лȴûȥΪĶͨѾ洫˵Բǧ֮ڣǧ˵
ƾŸоѡһûĵطĵشӵðȻһĸڣڴڣʮ˵ĺƺʲôҪ£ʶҲûˡ
лܵһǴŴվܹڵΡ
ֻʮ˶ɫصĿ֮ԾŵĺɫС硣
ҹģЩ߶ҹ걾ԴΪλǲǷʲôҲ׵ߴߴٵ
ΪҹĵӺٺЦ˵ҹ飬⼱ƢɶʱܸһģĻܵҹҴϡ
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źɫСҹſ³һɫĻ棬Ȼпٵһ
лͷ֣ǺɫС罥ķŴ󣬲ҽĸһ棬ݾлƿţȻһֱɫŴλãľͱ˺ɫģ·𱻺ɫ紫ˡ
ˣѾ㹻лˡ
֪ϹʱչһǳԻ͵ĵزҲû뵽ȻѾ˹ĵزԽչֳ
˽뱩ˣҪ鱩ҹҵ䣬ıˡ峤ҹЩεص
峤ǲûлᣬ˾ǽ봫ʥҲܹǽҲδܹõҹǼҹĵ
ҹɫصĵҹǽϣڱ˵ϣǾҪ군ˣȻ˽뱩ҵĿԻΪ㣬ϾǶ̫ˡ
ԭһϣҹҲ͡
лͶҹҾȻδѹһܻţеȣϾƾĶܹͨжϳҹһǧ˵ģĿκһǰԵٵĿԱ壬Ǽֱͬն
Ҫǣҹҽ˲пѹǷ嵹ˣҹҲƣɱ뱩ˡ
ֻлЩƣҹӳѹأ
ͬǰյĺãͬкܴϣģ˵ǻһЩҪõܡҹ˵
ҹˣ󲢲żҹȴȲܽ䣬һֱڴ˵أҪǣѪ䱬޻вµʱ䣬һ޷ֹȱŬҲװ׷ѣҹԾҪ尡
ֻ֪µʱģһ㣬ǷûСҹ˵
ķʲôˣҹ
ҹĵҵҹ걾Դڼ¼Ǹ봫ʥ˿ûӣҲûнŵ봫ʥ˼Ƿ˵岢δ뱩أ
ҹ۾ʱ


1426  һиڡ
øҹģ
лҪҹĵϸˣܴ봫ʥ״̬һ룬ᶫ״̬ƶϳ岢δ뱩Ƽ򵥣ʵԷֵĵط
岢δ뱩ǵȷҹ¶ϲ֮ɫֻΪ֪ҹҵѪŽҪϵȴûҲ֪ͱͬϵشʮսʣȡճأȴϵԼøֶΣĿ껹Ǳ
ҹҴҹ鲻Ҳаѱڱ
ҹҹһۣЦ
飬Ը꣬ǸЩͻᱻ巽ģҲһֱû㡣ҹ
峤⵽ô¡ҹƺҲԼԸزסܣҲû˼
ҹȷҲûн뱩Ǳ˽룬ǶԣȻˡһ£ż˵ǰѾʮսˣʱֻǸո𲻾ã˽սʶδﵽӦ˵˺ճһٱɳư˼磬ûУµһֱһգ⣬ҹұѹһλǰɹһΣֱնɱҹ걾Դȴûɢع鵽ҹңһμ¼ǹ˵ġ
ܹ֮ʮսʼ磬ڱİɵģɱ嵣˳ɹ֮󣬶вԱ˵϶ֽţʱ˴ʮսʼŽս۷弶ٺ٣ӦŽս۷弶ϹʥʱܹﵽʮˣͻƵȴֻһ˶ѣнʮսʵľ飬Ҳûжٰٶȳȥο֪ˣҲٸᣬ˴Ļǣþ˼۷ʱڵϹ
˵ĿľҪֻ֮𱩷壬ȷԸˣ壬ȴһУ徹ȻĴִҽƵֶʩչֻ˯˽뱩ҵ˽ƵƷǱ侳磬ٶ֮ʼյĿֻһǾǽ˽룬һҪ̱ı
ҹĻлҲǸпѡ
Ϲ䣬˭뵽Ȼ崴һλʮսʣ˭뵽ʮսʱ˯ܣ֪
ܵľǣڲжɱҹҵֶΣȻʮս˵侳Ķ
Щ֣ܲѡ
ǲ԰Ȼʩչ˳˯ﲻֱ侳أҹֵĵ
ҹҲ˲ĵطΣΨн뱩ܵõһĽˡһ£¶һĨЦ⣬δ뱩עͬż˵ĵ侳磬ҲȲӵµĻڣʱɣռˡ
ҹʥƣõʥַǴеõģҲӦ϶֮Իǵģ½ϣǱռƣǽѪвҹĴЦҹҲٱѹƣгһգԾɽɾ͵һĵλϣһͳ˼磡
ڵ˶Ц
ǿЦУлȻ뿪ˡ
ԣûʲôˣؼֹҹҪѪ䣬ֹ˽ĽƣǹؼеĹؼֻҪɹˣ˫дۿۡ
һעģǾҹʥ
ʥȻǴҹõģȻҹʥҲͨĶˡ
лԼЩʥ
ʥŴʥһĶŷǷõģȻʥҹṩ֪ҹʥҹҶԣźεҪá
ҪѰҹʥҲѡ
лɽ΢תһȦͷҹʥڵء
ʥʮףͨںڣէһǷ֮ʥеƣл㰵һҹͨӵܣ±ʡ
֪ѡͨҹӵܣǷֹ˷֡
ͨӵܾʧ٣ʱҲѱ˷ֵģοҹ˵Ŀⶼں̸棬ͨӵ֪ҲޣԾɸлṩһҹҵ
ҹҵľʵΣ֪Ϊҹұѹʱҹҵʱ峤ϴͨҹҵʱʮŽսʸͳͳɱҹʥҹʥ̥֮ھŴʥȻԶѷɫھŴʥȴҲƾҹʥҹҲ֪Ĵӱѹ֮£ġ
˵ҹʥҹҵĸ֮һ
ҹʥȻ̥ھŴʥƾŴʥһƤëƳҹʥҲȻǱѰοܹ뱩ѹȻҹʥĲ򵥡л뵽˴ʩչֱҹʥڵء
ҹʥλҹɽȵ򣬴˵ΧڵķΧǿյģûκƷҲûз֮ģҪ׾ͻᱻֵģлҹʥĸһЩˡ
ʮУ󲿷ֶˣһҹҾ⻹һս۷弶ǿԱߣƺҲڲҹʥ
лվԶﰵ㣬βܹٵҹʥ
˼ʱȴս۷弶ǿͻȻ˫ĿһâͺȵʥһεİݼԿʼˡ
ԭһַ׷׵վһׯ¡
Ƕ֪ݼһĿģȴ֪壬ұǡս۷弶ǿ߳˵ҹʥҹҵĸ˵ҹܹҹʥûҹʥ̥ھŴʥ֮ģһǱǻҹȥǿߵһ꣬һЩǿһİͶ壬ͨҹʥЩ嶼ɾĲ֣ÿһεİݼǵһλᣬ壬ճɾ;Žսʣκ⡣
һӵܵΪʲôֻǳɾ;Žսأ
ս۷弶ǿߵΪҹʥҹǶǾŽսʵģԵ춨˻ֻŽսİ塣ܣ˭⣬ЩʣݼϾҪʼ
и⣬ҹʥҹӵܹܲģΪʲôҪӵǰĻأǲǽҹҵİǣһѯʵ
ս۷弶ֿһ˵ȣǶʰɣҲգұǣ֪ģǰҪ֤ҹʥİҹҸ̸߲йأҪҹͶʥ֮ǾģΪҪ㣬ӵҹҵѪҹѪߣֻܲһʥ֮ܣѯ⣬˵ݼʼ


1427  ƶնһ
ݼҹʥ
ҹҶһǳҪʽܹһζδɾͷǷʶӵܶһλġ
еҹȫȻվ
˫Ŀʹ·Ҫ˯ˡ
лȴоЩӵܾȻǵԼҪҹʥйͨǡ
һǵͷųȻͳͳս۷弶ֵУͿмٵһЩһ𣬻һźɫĻ磬һӡ
ž
ǺɫĻûҹʥڡ
ս۷弶ǿ߳ųһȥҹʥ
ڰл״ЦһҲԿܷһ㣬˵ҹʥĶɿҲ޷ҹʥʲôĶ
лҲų˵񶼱ÿ
ûнͶݳȥս۷弶ǿ߷ҹʥڣл֮ٿҹʥȴҹʥı棬ڵһƬ淺ĹΣ޵ķ·һʩչһֶȴ
л۾ϸȥ
ɲοǺģģͷЩججˣлЩ
עûҹʥ
лʱȴеռָڵö΢΢Ĳš
ͽöó㿴ö渡ɫָлʩչҹʥ·
ȻɵڵĿ޻긡ֳ
޻Сö۵ĵطȻٶҹʥ㿪ʼе
ҹʥǼҹǿߵһ꣬ͨʥ֮İ壬̺ŷǳ˵
ȡһҹʥҲʧȥˣǲ÷ƻˡлڵ£öЦǺǵĵ
ɫҹʥǳ㣬ҲǳԵҪȫȡҪһ²ȫȡ
һ̫ˡл
ҡɫ˵
лʵ
ɫЦҹʥұһ˲Ϣеʥ֮Ҳȥȫ㼴̿սʼġ
ʥ֮
лԺиֵս۷弶ǿʹõСʥƬʹľ֮ЩʢĶ
ǸĻȷͻƵġ
ұ㽫ҹʥĶչָ㡣ɫ˵
лأ
ûãٶȣ¾ȫҹ˶һٶȣ˵ֻʺҹѪġɫ˵ű͸öͷųĽɫֱӳҹʥڡ
ûãһƽɫĹҹʥֱлüĴ
лͷԺжһ档
һֳһ񵶣ͨƽվؼ䣬˶͸һɾƣƺҪһ㡣
л˵ʱг
þȣҹ˶֪ǴҹʥĶ壬ҹ˵Ķں϶ɣԱĶΪģΪҹʥڱƳɹģں˱嶷ҹҶɫٶ
лһƺҲԡ
ҹҾҹʥ뱩ģȻҹʥڱѹǵĴʥγɵġ
ҹ۲ˣһһҵĸֶɵĶ壬յƶնƺ֮ͬԲӦѶȲ󡣡ɫ˵
ƶնתƷһֶ
˶лյְ֮ԾսҪʩչĶ֮һ޶ƶնںƾġ
л㲻ȥģĲ
ԺеĻӵˡ
л·ҲˣƻõУվֳ񵶵ıֵĲԶعţҲ𽥵ĳ˷·һ֮С
Ψˣл򵽴˼ʩչһ
ֻһŵɶúܡ
ֻ˲ǹؼ
лԼѾȥʱǽɫٶҴл
ڽɫлǾԵš
ĵʹôһӵأܹȡԶʥؼļ䣬ܹȡ޾ؼƮŵ̥꣬ھŴʥҹʥܹ˵Ķ壬֪ԾŴʥ۳ĽɫٶԶ⣬лϣ嶼δܹȣҪ˵лӵĶˡ
ǹؼ
˵߶ƿء
лͷһʣԺȻĳ֣öڲֵҶӰغϷѵḶ́Уƺյʲô
ʱɲǷȥɲǷʱ̣˼˱ޱȿƮƮģɢһֽǱڣһ뵽ڡ
Ǹ
˵һ϶
ν˵һһֱսʼǿͶܹ
л֪
ھҪͨһʩչȥӦȥ򣬲򶷼壬Ҫȥ˵һİڡ
ΪһԹߣͬʱһߣл˫
𣡡
һͳըؼ䡣
ֳ񵶵ı˫ĿȻӹɫҹԭĸȴȻ䱬˸еֵƣ˶·뵽ؼ䣬Ϊصһӡ
ƴ߶صơ
ǺεȵĻֺ룬εȵİԵ˭赲һлľ޵·Ҳɾˣܹһֲٿ
һۻڴ˵š
Ĺ켣ֶͬⱾѵĵطл򵥵ģΪֻǱİˣİ˵һ⶷ӵ޲ǹؼ
ѸһԶͳͳתڡ
леԼҪѪˣ·ʩչһľ˵ľҲޱȵͨ͸
ˢ
񵶸߾ٹͷǹصҲһʹһľ߱˿ٵص
ˣδ¡
лȴͶУľ񶼸Ψһȫƥһ֮С
һЩģ׵ģ㲻ͳͳһ
סһڣǾƣ
һǰƣħԼǰҪһնɱ飬޿һ
ֻҪԵˣ;
ǷݾǷȫԸĴȻױȵһնɱ˵һ
ν˵һǾһ
˵ľһںΪһ壬ڣѹһУͬʱҲİڡ
һлĶ


1428  ƶն
˿лȻᷢĲ֮ͬ˿̵л·ΪƬصһӣؼһ΢ؼһħɽһ΢ɴɢַ·ܹһ㡣
лϢ
ǰöۼȡĿ޻Ҳע⵽ˣԾ뵽ϹʱĳЩǵЩʩչʱƺͬл㡣
һİлԣ֮ױȡ
һ㣬ԷһζоǾܵĿԼʵΪϧ׷һ˿оһһлԭҲԶԶûǰĳףڽɫָ£򶷼ΰĸز
лԺвϵǶ塣
ڵҪȥϵֻҪԺԣܹͬõʵʷ档
򵽶ΰĺôڡ
κһҪﵽȫӳǶҪεѵģлڿԽ׶ΣֱӴﵽĵز
Ҳ֪˶ãлٶ
ʱǷĪҲ֮ʧ·ؼ߳һ㣬һˣصһ֡

лһһ˿Ц⣬˶Ƽӹƶնǰƶն
ܲѣƶն˿ѷɫȭ֮߱죬޶жصӣǱҲѷɫ˵лյĶƣһˡ
ţֻۣлĶͨʩչţŲƶնϾȥᣬгɣʼչעҹҹҸ߲ڵĴ洫Ȼߵ
̸С
лöۺͿ޻ҹʥ·ѸٵʩչǴڣ˫̸̸е飬ƴȨľǴֻۣ峤˹ڱչ̸п϶ֻۡ
֮ǰл뵽ֻۿܻЩǰֻû뵽ô죬תһ룬ҲûʲôϾķͻȻǿʮսʼͬûа취򿪣ԺȻľͻȽķҹҷġ
лһ㵽˴⡣
ֻ۵峤ȻлѾ뱩˫ҲûҪʱˣҶʱ̫ˣǱ뾡ķſ˴˼ĸң
Ͼκҹ
ƽˣߵ
ҹЦһƽôˣ
ҹһЦ⣬߿Ц峤ҳϣҪ̲ҹң峤ܲʹ죬ڵľѾԱ仯ҹң嶼ǵؼʱ峤Ҳڿˡ
ٺ٣Ҫҹ̲ʱˡҹҴҹķ༥
ڰֹ֣ҹ鼥ҹ˵ȥľ͹ȥˣǻŹͬģȽһΪҹҽѪ䣬ҹһعɣҲǾԲּۻ۵ģҹҵĵߣ
ãҴӦصͷ
ҹҽѪ֮Ͼһλʮսʼֵģ޷أܵԾɶҹһ޴вҹ֮ԾҪԼĳŵҵģơ
ڶȻҪˣҪǩԼ˭Υ˭ͼ̲ԷҪԼɣҹ
ԼϹʱһֶΣһǩ֮󣬾ҩָɽһ䣬ҲΪлҩָܽһ䲢䡣
ν䣬İлҲֻ֪ƺͳʮսʼŽܵϵлҩָûá
û⡣߲ͬһҪ̲ҹңҹһʱ䣬չ׳ǿ˲ãƱǿֻͬ⣬峤ɻҪ󣿡
ҹҪ󣬿ûҴˡ
Ǿ峤ȥ棬ϡߵ
㲻ɱ뱩ҹ
Цһ£ߵҴ˷ΪķͻȻﵽʮսʵּ̫ѴˣҾʱˣɷſϵҹ걾ԴṩݣȻлһ˽ȥˣǾ͸ˣл˵һ˵õʴװǷԵģ϶ķȥģҪ򿪣ҲֻϣȻ峤ĵҪҲҪϣұһ˵
˵ͷҹ˵ҪǡʥҪƣԶ֣ҹܣԲܸ߱˵ģ
ߵɫʱˡ
鷳ʲôǾʥǵһʮսʼǿߣҲʥΨʥܹΨֻܷܰӳųɵĵز
ʥؼһҹִеĻ˭ұ֤ҹҲֽأҪ֪һٳưԵĹؼɾΪ˳ΪʮսǱʹһƣ岻òͷģƺתˡ
¾ûбĿܣߵ
ܣҹϾܷģǲᶯֽŵģֻǺ޷ϡ
߰Ц㡣
û취
£һתģǵҪ󣿡ߵ
һû⣬ֻҪͬˣȫͬ⡣ҹ䵹Ǹɴࡣ
ߵҲãĻϷأ棬˼ϣȡԽǩͬ˵ԼԽá
ҹͷлһ˽뱩ζǵΣգԽЭ飬ǲл
ҹѪģ޷Ѫ䱬вʮսʵģƺ侳ΣգŵģҲ˲ҹ̸дڱġ
ûйĿס
Ǳֿˡ
˷ǰֻǴ֣һսʼսʼһսʱߴȥɽۣ֪֮ͨĸл˽뱩ҪǸ͵Ĺ򱩷ķҲСķֹл˰뿪Χҹңܵƣ޷뱩ɽģֻڱɽĵطʱڻ
ߴսʼǿߣ뿪ҹפأطȥ̬ǵٶȲν졣
ʼڰл¶һ˿ɱ⡣
뵽һ취ܹٵҹʥĻᣬȻЩðգȴǿеģͨĶܹͨȷҹҳصս¸޵ĺܣһսʵս۷弶ʮˣԭܼ򵥣ҹ̫ˣżǧˣѪţѾƿˡ
΢һ£лҲ뿪ҹңߵ׷ȥ


1429  һһ
ﵽĽս۷弶ɴУлٶһ˵ĵزȫʩչ֮󣬼Ǳ֮ǰٶ˽ɣ⻹δȫ¡
˷۵糸ļۣлһͷŵĿС
һֱѹš
ǹŽǶӣ޷ͻ˷Ҫйһ£Ŀߡ
뿪ҹɽȴǧףлԳΡ
ֻۣ
л˫ֱ磬סߵ˵ȥ·
л߿л֣ЩԾ㲻ڱ𣿡
ܹ͸ҹҵҹ걾ԴңѵҾͲͨҹ걾Դٵҹ𣿡лҲû
ɫ䣬ǵ̸
һЦлȻ֪ĶͨӦκʱκεص㣬̸ۻܵʱ򣬶Ҫʹģϧ϶ҹأ֪ûʹҽǵ̸һֲٵĶˣʲô˰ʲô˫Ķ
Ĵֵɫˡ
ǹغҹ˵顣
֣ɱ߶Ȼȵֻ۾ҲһĨ貵ĺ⣬һɾ˵ϴݳ
ͬʱսҲˡ
˵Уһսʣͨսʵʵȳսʵǿʢһս۷ǿһʵҲ൱ǿģлֻͨĽսʵʱҲûռʲôˣȴĽս۷弶ˡ
ɱ
սʵһҰ˻жһǹǳǹ·һѸٵתХսҲɱ

񵶳ʣ
⣡
Ҳ޼ɵչͼƷ·𸴻һ㣬սĴ߶֮£ϵţһ׵⣬΢縡š
лҲԼս˶١
֮ǰսʣֻռһ˿ơ
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ݣ
л֣ߵֻ۾ڶȻһâһâֱ͸֮ϣǹл
䣡
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ߴȵѾ֪ͨҹңϾͻϹסлҪɱס
湻ƻģϧ̫ˣлЦ
۶սɱֱӽսʸԲˣʵȫӶսʵǿߡ
˸âлս͵Ķ
ǧжն
лȻӵնʱ赶⣬㣬һƬգɲǼ䣬عле棬ʹ񵶱һһеĵӭսʵĳǹնȥ

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˶ûʩչʲôУĽ档
ػǹ⡣
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л˫Ŀ⻪ʢѪڵ̲ס׷һХ
Хɢ֮Ʋʣ𶯵ճһεʾлʱ˿̵ʵǿ֮

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ɱ
ƴˣ
սû˾棬ֻ֪ӵıȫƴĳɱȥ

лƲЦѣչ΢΢
Ƶ磡
½ϣٶȱ
лһһɲǼ쮳ȥٶ֮£սûзӦһٿȻ֮Ȼսʵǰһɭɭĵâնȥ
սʵٶȹ죬ȴסΣ֮࣬ƴĳǹҪͬھĴлˡ
̫ˣлǳǹӵն
һһǹԾ˵ķֱ𹥻ȥ
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ۣ
â˸䣬Ȼսʵǰ֮ϣǳǹȴոͳȥла֮ľ롣
սϵļһ鶯Ҫ˵Ѫһɢ
նɱսʡ
𣡡
л׳Х״Ŀıߡ
ʱȻƴӴܣҲ벻߰׶ѣʵսʸδֹлƬ̡
𣡡
лХδ䣬һĳХҹɽȵķ
ʮӰҹɽȷԾ˵ٶȿ쭹Ϊ׵ĺȻҹҵ峤ҹ䣬ٶҲӵ˼ޡ
峤ңл֪ǵˣ߼״ϲƴӴܣĺ
ϲҪţҹȵģ
ҹҶҹĴӦһȻգҹȭȥҹĵ˫ţ˵ϣҹĵٶɲǼһ˵ĵز
ƴٶ
лͬɱȻʱȫѡˣõҪٶȷޣһ£ٶȵܴﵽ̶ֳȡ

ȫſٶȣٿȻչ׵ĳȣͼҲٵתһĵƣһɹɵ絴

ҵȶһɿΧѿ϶ʯӲݡ֦Ҷ׷׵趯ųȥ
Ƶ磡
лһ½ٶȫſûһ˿ı΢һһ㼤ȥ

ߵĵֻŷǳܹжϳٶȵж죬лһʩչϾʶˣ֮࣬ҲһеĽٶȷӳѸ͵ҹķȥ
ҹͬҹİ֮£ٶȷӵĳԽԼܴﵽļޣҹĸҹҹϵĵһٶȸ֡
˵лƴٶȡ
ˢˢˢ
ǿ˵۶׷ĵزɲǼӰȻ˴಻ԶˣܹԵĲࡣ
л߲ףҹĻ׵ľ롣
ҹĿٶȻҪѸٵĶ࣬ΨȫĺߵģҪ֮Ϲһζ
Ҳϼ޻֮Ȼס
Ҳƴˡ
ԵҲƴˣȻתǵֻ۾㺮âѸٵĻģתֻһ
ݣ
ǵֻ۱Ĺգֱлλá
ͬʱҹҲһѷĳնȥ
ˢ
һնҪգһĨɭɭĺâֱлλã˵ߵĹɱл·ߡ
𣡡
лһͳ˻һ΢һƫߵͫɱͬʱӲǽٶٶȼӿ죬ˢһ£ߵͫȥлҲ˲ǰ׵ľ룬ʹƾٶӲҹĵĽ⵽֮ǰԽȥʹһδллĺ档
ٶ֮ޡ
Խٶȣ˱֣ҹĶĿɿڴţĹȻл˵ٶȿݡ
ţ
˲䵽ֻսʶѣǳߣлĽս۷弶Ĳʵ̫ˣοȻȫģûлٶõڶУۿлֱײ뻳С


1430  һ
أ
Ǵﵽ˵һϰ
߱лһɱ룬ʬȥлֱ߳ɱȥҹĵ󣬷ֱһն裬ҹĵĺĶݺݵȥ
Сģ
лУ
ҹҹǿų
һ֣ҹֻǰ̣һлЦһûʩչѡֱ߳죬һգ۵Ĺ򣬱һֱ죬㿪ҹ˵Ĺ
λˣлЦţǱ쭶ȥ
ٶҲӵ˼ޣ˲Ϣǧ֮ң
׷
ҹǻðɡ
ŭˣŭֱ֮ǴΪ߾Ȼǵǰǳȵʱնɱܹܹͣܡ
һԭ򣬱˵ǵܶл֪ˣȻǱڶʮսǿ˺ҹҵѪƵҲѾ֪лӻȥô
ҹ䶼
һǰЩƵģǱ˴˻δԷ⣬Ϳŵ侳Σգһ㣬׷ɱлնɱǱ֤Ǳɽҹ˵ĽأҲϧ
ɱ
ɱл
尡
ҹ˷Ƶ׷ɱ
ǵٶлЩֻҪȫٷӳҹҹֵٶȶ׸Ҫ˵ˡ
뱩ɽҲԶɽ
лһ·쭣˲ϢԽɽҹ½ٶףȻ׹һɽɽ֮ϡ
ҹ˾ԿӰ

ҹ˱ɽߵĻᣬлʩչֱ£ȻĿֱָҹפء
ȫǰ
һǧףѾҹҵפڡ
лҲûκεĹ䣬Ӷҹҵʲô֮ģֻһͷҹʥ
ĶǴҪġ
лһͽӽҹʥˡ
ʱȣлҲûйʱȥ۲ֳδӵðʹһȡ
˽̤ߡ
ŭУһǿ׺ݵ¡
أ
лʵǿҲͻĴӵ´ܳ
һգһбС
ݼδԾڲҹʥΨս۷弶ǿ۱лֱл뿪µġ
лҲڵĻᣬֹɱ
ֻôһ춯лҹҸطĳХȻҹҸ֣ǻ̵ʱڣֻڱͳͳϹΧлġ
ʱǳĽȱ
ҹ֣ս۷弶ǿ߿лһҪ֣Ҳһʱ֣ҹҵǿ
һץؼԪѸ͵ľۼ߿γһֻ״Сĳƣץл
ս۷弶ǿߵ
лոնɱսʼǿߣ֪ǰ֮˵ʵһ࣬Ǿ˵˵ʵӦǺܶ࣬ʱȣΨսپ
ƶն
ԥģл㽫ҹʥİ嶷ʩչˡ
һ
лϢĪ⣬ƻһ΢磬ؼķ磬һؼ䡣
˾ǰȴͬʧһ㡣
ȫڵı֣ле·ؼһӣԪֵܽãﵽٿԪԼֽʱĴﵽԲԲĵز
㣬лҲԽ֮ɢһɾƵǧҹ˶оǿ
񵶸߾ٹͷ
սӿ͵ţƶն߷ʽлľڿٵתţתڡ
һ̣лһĴڡ
ڣϣﵽ졢ˡϵĵز
ն
л״ʩչƶնȴһؾյǿҸо·һطѣѪҺˡ
һն¡
񵶻һĨѤõĹʣˢһ£նգǾ޴ҹڲõĵ֮£·ѩ˷ˮκ谭ıˣͬ˺ѿռ䣬ֱս۷弶ǿߵĽǰ
˼״¶Ȼ֮ɫ
ʩչҹֿϹʱҹǿĶȻ˲һԶ֮⡣
ͷ˫һĨ⡣
϶һɫȭףһĨ߶ȫĶݺݵĺȥеֵ
䣡
һ촫
ನɢȥ

Ĳҽ쳹գǿҲսѣֲֿܹನֻһǱ㻯ɻңû¡
ս۷弶ǿߣǱɫȭױѣ˫ѪɣѣҲҽ󵹷ɳȥ׵ľ롣
ʵ޼žʤ
лδͣһնɱȥԾǱںϵ״̬£ٶնһƶն
һŵһƸʤ͡
źɱһеصҹʥ档
أ
ҹʥҲһŶĿĹ⻪һɾ˵ʥΧγɣ
з֮
䣡
һлĳ˵ɱȥ񵶱صնҹʥķ棬һ£飬Ҳ֮ҹʥ档
꣡
·𼦵顣
ҹʥлһ飬̥ھŴʥγɸǱҹҵ壬УעԶԶѷɫھŴʥļ͡
ʥ飬һĨǿ겨ɸոɢͱһǿǣ£Ǳö۸ˡ
лҲһƳҹʥӽĵطһԼкҴСľӨ͸Բξ塣
Ǳ̺ʥ֮ĵط
ǿԪĴڣܹлսʡ
Ŀǰʵһսʣϳ׿ĶȫԺɨսʼǿߡ
ӣ
쵰ʥߣ
ɱ㣡
ʱҹҵֶѾɱԶԶر㿴ҹʥлһն飬׵ķˡ
лЦһ׹
ܣ˭赲
̽ǺҴССԲȻֱ¡
лߣ
лصһ˲䣬׷ɱҹ˶Ѿϻˣڷл֮󣬵һʱ뵽ҹפأɸϻˣҹʥȻݻ١
ŭҹ׺ݵĻӶԵı׺ݵĺ档
޷ȴʩչԲ׵׵֮ĸ֣ȫԽ˸ɱڵ¡
һ£лץסöۣͬһöҴСľһռָڲ
öĽɫȻˣֻ;ãڶ֮ģȴް취
޻Ҳعɵڡ
лѸǱҪߣֻҪûǧңҹұͨ죬Ҳް취ġ
ոû²ʮף͸еһɻصӵرƺҪƬض׵ġ


1431  һ
ҹϡ٣սʼǲ࣬˿еսʼǿߣ׼սʼͳͳϵҺޱȫսʵһ֮£ԴͬģΪһ壬Ȼڴ֮ϡ
Ȼûµл͸е·һ㣬Ҫ˵ߣǾ޴δϣҪѪҪ⻹ʥųķǻˣȻ˶ˣˡ
ػʥ壡
л䣬ΧһӲӵĹ֣䱣Լ׵λãһػ֮ƯţʵǶԷĹǴԵģػܸ֮ûκεҪ
䡭
춯صıը쳹ҹפء
ԲڣؾҵҡΣΧĸɽ޷ѹסҲ΢ĻζһЩطɽͳ־޴ѷ죬ɽۣ֪ڶҹһƻء
ػ֮£ѡ
лʧĵطƾճһףֱһٶ׵ľ޴ӣһס
ҹһЧ
ҹˣȴսϵǿߣ˶ĲϺˣҲԼˣɼǶлĺж
ըһлָƽ
̳ɢȥ
ҹ˷ٵǰ鿴ڵΣûһӰǸо·лƾʧһ㡣
Ӧ˰ɣ
ôȫˡ
ǰҿĿԸ󡣡
һЩҹС
ҹȴôΪһܹǱеĳ֣һΪпܳԽʮսʵˣѵôױɱ
ɵУ۽ƳӰȻ̧ͷɫ΢䣬ȵл
һžеҹˡ
Ƿ׷׵׿ȥ
ֻлЩǱƯڿУЩã˺ۣ䲢δܵƣɵһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˹ȻֻƤˡ
лһָо
ӴΪ𶯣ˣΣͷֻѡ棬Ϊӵģϳ壬ٱ𶯵ʱ䣬˿ԸСɼˣȻ֮󣬸еʹб˺ѵĸоŸոƽսУδߣͱҹˡ
˵񱩾ħ˼磬ҹҾͽõҹҵҹʥᣡҹŭ
ҹɱѪµҹʥ
ҹҸͳͳķ
ŴսʵγһΧȦл
Щ׼ս׷׵ĺˣǵʵսನܹǸɱġ
ҹҳȴڱչصģȫսʼǿߡ
жսǸϲ㣬ûˣ
ķսʣս۷弶ǿߣսʣǿ֣ʱ䣬ֲ
ҹʥԶˣʧȥҹʥǽѪ䣬ԾûзչĿܣҹעҪлƽ˵ʵѾʼ߶ս¶ս⣬Ǵ߶ǽеӿ
ɫΪսʵܷ뿪ҹҵĹؼڡ
Ҳĵơ
ܵл˵ս⣬ҹҾŴսҲʾ׷׵ļ񱩵ƣŴսʱͬԴһսǲ׳Ĵ󺣣ķˣɽһжݻ٣лǺħ衣
ȴԾΣһе谭ӭǷ˶ϡ
ҹҹעҪ֣ĶΪ֮ҹҽҪΣ
Ҳ˵ûʮսʼҹʥİ취Ҳûҹȴûʮսʼǿߴڡ
һʧȥҹʥҹҽʱܵ˵ѹƣǽѪ䡣
֪ҹҺܡҹ
лȻһЦ֪һЩˡ
Ȼ֪ˣɡҹ˵Żؾ񽣣İ˴ҹսҲ׷׾
һսʼ
лսϸ˿ĽɫڲõսǽɫҲѸٵںϣγһϸһĽɫ磬еס
ɫȫл͵һ
ΪսûȫĸɾɫԣﵽĽս۷弶֮󣬴߶ɫ磬ȫĸɾġ
лսнɵ
һЩˣԾŴսʣԾԵǷȱһЩл˼͸ת˲䣬һͷͷ
ɫлĿ֮£Ȼڡ
ʱлڵսֻʣҵһ˲ָδɫ磬⶯
սҲѸٵĻָ۷״̬
лδκεͣľһ˶뵽֮䣬Ϊصһӡ
񵶺ǰһƽɫĹڵתţȥԵöôĶĿۣȴǾ˵ġ
սɫΪƶնʲô
л뷨
ɫսʵôƥƶնܹǿŶԡ
ʱ˿̣ҹǧ˶Ѿˡ
Ƕۼ˹ǧ֮ĸɽ߷ᶥˣܹӰҹһս
ҹҾŴսҲǱҹ˵ˡ
Ϊ˲κεıʹʹıױȵ峤ҹ佫߷ޡ
ҹ˵Ķ
лٶȳ죬ȻҲ˵ҹҾŴսֻһĻᣬܽлɱûˡ
ɱ
ҹ䱬ȵ
Ŵսͬʱǵıǹ׷׵Ļնַ̣ͬĿһ¡
ŵأɱա
𣡡
лҲовв̲סһХȫҲɫѸٵš
ƶն
϶Ͻɫ磬˵һ𣬰лԭתһȭ񵶿лһԲȦ
žͿɫ͵۳ɽĵĴڣһԲȦȻɢȥ
һ̣
˶סɴ۾ı˴˳ײ
лҲǽţԷϾǾŴսʣǵܹһսʵģҲһҪ϶ķӽɫӰɫ緢أأлҲûжٰյġ
ԭεǿߣһǿ磬۶׷ĵزʱǶԼ·ٶĿԣͬţһԷȥÿһĹ̶ӳ˵С
˽У˫ײ
ն̵ȾŴǵ⽣ӰǹΣǽɫԲȦײһ
žžžžž
ײ֮һսʵһʱҲδְӣ漴һıѡ
ɲǼ䣬̻ţŴսʵĹ·ǻѩˮѸٵıɢлĹҲʼȴûǰѸ١
ɫԲȦɢΧŴ
һ·ɱȥգۼ͵˾ŴսʵǰʱǶƵĻӶеֵ˭
꣡꣡꣡꣡
촫·ҹ˱񾭡


1432  Σһ
ҹҾŴսʵ䲻ƽսʵľ磬˵УһսʣһսʣһĽսʣʵԽǿԽҲֻҹҲܹ֡
սʵǿʵǿյıҲǿģֲĵĽɫǵĲҲ󣬹ʶԵĳֵҲֵֻܹһѪ󵹷ɣײ߰˶
Ĵսȴûôˡ
˲ѡ
ǵıѴ룬·Ǳ˿߸նϵģûаβƽĵطͬǽɫĵҲǵĲһƻ
ӹĴսʵƾһ͡
ʱ·ֹˡ
ҹ˵Ҳһ
أأأأ
촫ͼҹĴսȻΨǶͷ­õķȺС
лԾŴսʣʤ
ƶնʹýɫٶƷ棬޼᲻ݣܼɫģŻ˽ֵġ
⣡
лչ
ƴˣ
ɱ
ҹ֮ǳ׵ķŭһкɱ׺ݵĳɱлȫԼ
˷񣬱ͬǾ˵ġ
һ˻лӣʮأһٸأһǧأ
ʥ
һϵ͸ŷߺ޴ҹפϷ򴫳һɾ춯صлжϣǺȻ߽սʵ
ҹ߽սʲϧ侳磬ҲҪлնɱ

лЦ̬ˣҪɱңҹһûʸ񡣡
𣿡ٶһ߽սʵ˵ȻǴл·ðģȻǷֹлǱС
Ҫϧһд۶ҪĨɱлģǵĺʹȻ
ҲлЦƵСȵȶҲƵʩչһȥ
ٶȿ쵽޵ı֡
סҪҹе
˵߽սʵԽ渲ǣһӦļлЧġ
ಡ
һȺҹ˷׷׵ĳ
ǵʵǿҲ׼ս۷弶ľ磬лҹҵĳУǲϧһдۣҪ赲ġ
лǣĶ߽ͨսʵҹսʡ
ڵǰˣ
ž
һ΢׺ٿȻܼ׵С硣
ء
̼䣬лǰҹҸ־ͱ˿Щɱлٶ̫죬Ӱ׽ȻǵǰԾȥ
лҲֱײǸɽ
ݣݣ
ŭ߽սʺޱı⣬ݺƥǧ֮ң˴˽棬ɱлȥ
ǵĽ⹻죬ɾվЩԶ
лֱһͷײɽ֮ڣİӳ
лûͬǰֱ½һɽ߽սڵķȥ
䣡
߽սʵĽǸɽ֮ϣߴǧ׵ĸɽ㱻Ǹ飬һʯʯ裬ҹ࣬ҹפصķᶼˣлҲӴܵһɽ˹ֱ½
лҪɱչصĸ߽սʽصģȴ֣ﲨȻ߰˹ɣʮɣ׼֣ϧ侳ģ֮ӳҹҡ
սлٵķرɽ
Ҳ˷ʱˡ
ӵöʥ֮С壬㹻ͻƣսʾģֻҪͻƣӵսͻᷭʱԼ֮ʥûлһٻҹңġ
ǷȱԾ
ȫٷرɽ
ӵӱлɵı뱩ڣһ͸оһ˿ϤϢ
ɰ
û°ɣҸо˼ΣȴڣҸ޷㣬ֱǣƣ޷뿪ԡ´лȷû֮ųһ
ı仯лѾû˼ȥҲûĽų̶Ѿﵽ൱زˡ
û¡л˵ҹҡţ
δ˵꣬Ȼһ״
ھȻûһ˿Ԫ֮ǰ뱩ʱԪŪöŵռˣھȻûһ˿ԪеԾ
Ԫ֮֮ͨʥۼĴˣ⣬ƾĽսӦⲻս죬ֶʵƫٶӦøģս۷弶ǿսʡЦ˵Ҹ׼ػʥͻơ
лһҵõҹҵҹʥֻ֮Ҫʱ䣬ͻơ
죿̫ˣϲ
ôˣǲǷʲôˣлʵ
ɫʮսʵı鷳ˣλڷӵз֮ʥмȡ֮ٽħĿռС֮󣬲ϧ۵Ĵ뱩а䡣
лѿˣ
а䣬귽аǻģǰΪаһеа䣬ǱͬյıɹУһм尾һ㣬ܲסԱ
аҲǻܹ԰˽սʾ类ĵһˣŽս֮󣬸ԸͶǾս
ˣʮսʣ
лͷͽһϸ˵һ顣
֪л뿪ˣҸоΣգҲû뵽лȻ˸ӵ飬ҹҵҹʥ
ˣ֪˵侳ĽƺҹѪ䱬Ľʲôط𣿡л
ЦѾٵˡ
ٵˣлü
ǰҽҽʱ򣬾ᵽˣ֣̫ͣƱ㱻ݻˣǿűȵ˯ģǽֹ㳹׵Ļٵˡ˵
л˵ܲ΢һ٣ʵа䣬а취
ɫصĵһϣ
ϣܱûϣǿſɽа䣿л
һɾʮսʵĴڣǶʥ˵Ƿǳɹ۵ܹıռݵġ
лȻ׵طֻҪлᣬҪȥŬȡ
ȱٷʯܹҵʯĳɵİսа䣬ֻҪа䣬ܹʯ̿ʮսʵľ硣˵
ло̬ԡ
ܹʮսʼķʯȻֻĳɵİսа䣬ˡ


1433  Σ
ĳɰգһ붼ǲҵʯǾûаᣬлǲһ£ʹ˷ɲķֻһɵĻᣬҲҪȥŬȡġ
ʯʲôطл
ڻѰʯʱ򣬷Ѿ֣Ѿǽ뱩ˣѾʼжɽһдֵڻܳȥ
ڳȥǸãôأлǲ⡣
չеľŽսʡ˵
лһ£ʲô˼
еԶҪѵĶࡣ
ķԳʮսʵǿΪģһа޷Ȼ걬ѶĻⱩƱػҲɳʱз֮ʥȴܽǱһЩסڵĴΨҲܹ棬ǱŽսʶԽģˣǻδأǡ˵
лüͷһ壬֮ʥܾ˽룿Ҳǽȥ𣿡
ʱҲ޷ģΪǿ֮ʥһƽɱģǷ֮ʥۣƱؽҪһɱ䣬Ծܾκ˽룬Ҳǿд߶Ԫ뼸ԭҪǾܵͻƣʱһ뿪ǱŽսʻعʥǣȥѰʯ
ԭ
лͷЩĪ˷ܡ
˷ԴԷ֮ʥȻ֮ʥһɱ䣬öۡ
ڵԽԽˡ
лãƳıĹؼ˵ԶʥǰǰıŲʮ߲ܴ꣬󣬿лһĪĸоĴ߶۳ɳԺһΣʱ
ָо˵һڤڤеĸоˡ
ãͰ˵İɣҾͻƣȹ̾磬ʱڣӱΧͬʱǾܶͻơл˵
ͷ֪ǿܣһս۷弶ǿͻƵģͻƣ˵ؽİ
лͷ
ʵˣһжʵġ
ǸлսʣھɱȥܹͨɱҴݻʥ
ûĿǰûС
лǰȥػʥ
ػʥǱħ޾ۼأûг׵ʧ޺͵ʱıǿʩչתΪԪڱǿʢʱػʥδ򿪹͵
л֪ʵ͸׼׵ڱڶЩʲôǲ鿴ҹǷõУȻػʥܹͻơ
ҲǸпѣʱһ׷ɱھȻΪǰ׼
ƽ̬·ЩȻӣлвɵ÷һ˿ĸо
ʲôЩػʥӦ΢һ죬ߴٵ˵Ҳƿػʥ֮š
лЦЦػʥڡ
棬㰲ǣκ˴ġ˵
ţʮսʲôٶĻҲӦлö۽
˿϶õϢˣٿܵ侳Σգ˲ܲðǰģǰĻԣͺΣˣöڣҳ֣Ǿͻڡ
ͬʱл޻ͷų
ӵļȡһ˿ħ˺˵Ѿÿ޻ҲЩı仯ֻǼȭδսʼɱ䣬޷ֻöڵĽɫſԷЩħ޵츳
Ҳû
лػʥڲȥ
֨֨
Զرա
ػʥɾͱǴʥӴռطǳĹ㣬ǻɫӣħӰЩ̵ħ޶ǻԵġ
ȴӣǾħ޵ĵܡ
зħǻʣħԳ̤޵ȵȣȫħǿһЩħ޵ߡ
ǵǧ˰̬ҵ̵Ļ֣·ʵһ㡣
ػˣһ޴ĵܣ׶ߣһֻƱǱħޣǱػޡޣ
ޱֻǰ˽սʣ򱩷Ӳǿʮսʾ磬νħе۷ڡ
뵽޿ʮսǱҲˣͱһ⣬ĺǿҲѹҪ˼Ȩ
Ұģ
һʱ
лվ޵ǰ𺳵ĻԪŨ̶ȼֱ󰡡
·ԪһԶķҲѹ˵ܹлͻء
ӵʥ֮ľ壬лͻƺɴԪܰͻƣȹ̾磬ʱ䣬սʵľǰһء
ʥʥ⴫
лἰʥΪҲ֮ˣԭ츳̫ˣͬɾͣǿʥǵкܴĺô
ЩϹħǵ޻ꣿлʵ
ÿһܣÿһڶһ꣬ô꣬еѾˣ޻֮еģ޵޻֮Ӧ
лһ޻֮
ʥﵽصػʥ徳磬ǰγػ֮ܽбػûеģлػ֮ܳˣǽӻδȫɢѾػʥĳ̬
ڵлǼʥĳ̬
Ƿγɵڶػ֮أ
ǾҪ޻֮ˡ
֮ǰõħл֮ܵõ޵Ϣϣ
߶ħ֮꣡лͺȵ
Ӧһ
Ҳ֪ģܿлͷػʥڵħ޵ܣͼ·ĸһ㣬𵭵ĹΣһƵĲл
𣡡
ȷ޺̤޵ĵܡ
ǵһ΢Ļζâʢ漴Ϳһõĺܲʵ̤޴ǵڷֱա
ԭŨԪҲٵ뿪棬׷ڰУ˹ȵۣȻγŨһĴڡ
̤޵ŨԪš
𣡡𣡡𣡡
޺𲻶ϣһħܵ񣬷׷׵ķУϵţɢһŨħϢ
Щħ޸ǿߣǵϢң˴˭Ҳһ˿ĹԣǶѾȥꡣ
𣡡
һ޺Ǵ޵ڷġ
ǿ󣬴ӵڷ͸һɵĻѹеħ궼Ϊ֮ڵء
ͬʱһǿ޻֮Ҳɢ
޻֮лõĳͫ񻢵޻֮ǿ٣ǵ޻֮ħ֮֮󣬾Ȼ˴ںϣ޻֮Ѹٵķ仯ȻɱΪ֮ļƣлϲѣԽǿϢԽܹػʥа


1434  ת䣬ͻơһ
޵޻֮ػʥЩħеϢҲںϣʹϢʼһ˿仯Ȼת䣬лܸе֧Ϣ仯ħϢۻ룬ȫ԰䷢ɱ䡣
Ϣ仯ֻıְˡ
ڱ仯Ϣ仯ĸǾһ꾹ȻЩѾֻһߵħ޵ڸԼȡһߵȻֻзǳǳϡٵһ֣Ծħ޵͸ࡣ
Ҫлɻ
Ϳǽеħ궼ȡˣҪҲҪʱ䣬ҲֻһɵĿܸ
ֻһɣҪ꣬Ҳûз
ֻҪϣҪȥȡ
޵ı֣ƺٸлҪһǾǼ֣ҪһĿ꣬ǾҪȥȡﵽĿꡣ
һܵ飬Ŭ
л۾һػʥʥһϹʥʱǸݲȱԶʥģΪβܸıģǷʯڼΣ֮أΣҪȥȡ
ֻҪлᣬ;
޵޻֮ջǷһ˿仯ָоǳԽѹζ
лػʥ塣
һĽ⣬Ʊ֣ĽҲ۳һӵӣоһƯػ֮ܡ
ܵŨϢлһʼ
޵ϢͳͳתлڣȻһתΪԼϢ֮
ػʥʵ򲢲ѣлʹһػ֮ܣεҲûʲôѹȥˡ
Ĳٿ֮£Ϣת֮ڡ
𣡡
̼䣬ǽ㸡һӰ޵ӡ
ϣ
лͺһͿԭǽõģڱ΢Щڽٶȸͷ׵Ĺ⻪ǺȻʷ˵ӰлֵӰ
Ӱ֮ɢͷ׵Ĺ⻪ѸٵתӰڣʹ޿ʼģ۳һԲȦһԲܵģػ֮ܵĳΡ
룡
ԲܿʼʵһشӽֻҪȫӣɳΪڶػ֮ˡ
лȫĵͶС
˼תϵش߶ػ֮
ԭڸ߿аȻȴȻͷ˫Ŀ˸ŹʵĶ۶ɵػ֮ܡ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬ԭڼȡһ˿ħ귢һҰ޺ϢȻͨų貵Ĺ⻪
һл׸ıʥľٶ
ˢ
ͻȻȥ
΢СȻʮսʼȴֻһˣޣҪ븴лǰ㣬ҪĻֻۣһɵĻᣬȴһһַʽĻᡣ
ȻĴۿҪΪлüʮ꣬ɶԱһ£ʮͼĲ࣬ѡһ
ֻΨһ޲лЩԥľǷݸ߰
ǰվʮսʼĳڣΪǿɲ˵˵ĺĵĸ߰Ҫ
ٻᣬѡˡ
ǵڶػ֮лӵʱһӱ㴳Уػ֮ںϡ
ࣣ
ͬʱڶػܱ֮лǰ
лҲȻ˫Ŀǵڶػֳ֮޵ӰҲǴ㵲ѡ
Ϊˣлػ֮ڵꡣ
ҲͬлӦԺܳĵطڣǽڶöػܱ֮ˣĴ塣
Ҫһס˵
л΢һ룬޵˼ҰѰһЩϣ壬гһգֱӶȡһħ壬ո
޵ǣԼҪ븴Ҫʱ̫̫ˣңո
ͷлҰ㣬ȷһЩҪʮʱ䣬Ͼʮսʣų߾ļ󡣡
ҿԵȣ˵
ҲҪ֪ٵĵǶôĿ£ػ֮ʱᱻ飬Ȼػ壬ʱָǷ겻ˣҲл˵
޵ĵҿҵػ֮ںϣںϣһ֮䣬Ҫʱ򣬷ʱ̣Ҷ˯УܵĻָ
ãлЦ
ػ֮ھ߱޵꣬Ǿ͵ھ߱һĹԣȻܲǿǳ䲻⣬Կɱ˵ġ
ҪǣȻ߱ػ֮ܣʥ˵ڷõ൱
޲ûʲôϻ˳˯״̬
޾ֻһ꣬˵лʱ䣬ǽ˯ߵģ¾ػܱ֮飬Ȼۣ޸о
öػ֮·裬лϲѣٿǽӣȻϡ൱̶ˣпܵĻƳɵöػ֮ܣǾ͸ˡ
ⲢûпܣֻҪħϢ̫ͬһˡ
öػ֮ܣȥҲЩġ
ӵػ֮ܣ޵ͼ񣬷·޽̤磬׳Хһ㣬һǿյġ
ɵ񵶺ϲɳսʼ񵶣ҪΪ飬ɵӥûʲôôţʱ򣬿Խӥöػ֮ܣ˵Ļöػ֮ܵķҲгһգӥ¸лĵ
ѾԺػʥķչ
ʥһ𣬿ʼлĹ
ϣЩħ޻׷׻عܵԪҲ´Ӹ߿ɢܡ
лȶһƽóöʥ֮С塣

Ҫͻƣսʡ
ΨпսʣƾսͶɨһսʵʵϽɫ磬սսʶܡ
ɽ֮彫лһʥǸֽ뱩Ϣ˵ը˹ˣڶ
ЩлͬлһǰǸпѣǲడһʼ˶лˣǱ͵Ϊлһ˽뱩Ψһѹؽˣأ
డ
ͻȻһɳ嶯Ҫʥǵĳ嶯лı֣ЩĶˣ˵ʵʥǣۣһƣǾǶԺɽϤ̶ȣԺɽڵ֣ԼԵλõϤ룬ƾ㣬ʥǶһӭġ
ҲҪţ뱩ζѾõеǵĹŽǿ߹ǿˣȴѹнɽ֮ƽ


1435  ת䣬ͻơ
ʵݣŷɣο˵ջء
һ˵ȶĿˢˢͶݹȥ
ִ˻ǹ޿ѯʵ
Цܼ򵥣ǽȥǲ֪ҲûֹҪȴ
ѣ޵
ѡЦеĵ
ţҲ˾񣬵⣬һ⣬лν뱩ģڣҲҪҲȻΣлӵ˵н֮ɱϾΧޣֹһлǱУ㳹޷
ǰлĻֶΡ
֮ҲԽɽ֮۰ɡ
ܶ˶
ҸҲΣʵҪʩչ֮ȷΧǳޣ޷Χʮڸ
Цݣа취
ˢ
ԭ۵һӱ㰲ÿһ˶¶ϲ֮ɫǣǿɲΪǻ˵Цġ
Žкطʵ
һһֵĵ򽣹
Щɢǵǵһ˵Щİǹޣ̰骣Һɫȴһ䡣
򽣹ŽϵؼǹŽ֮˵ܹ֮򽣹ֶ٣Ѫӡӵ൱Ի͵ĳ̶ȣ򽣹ԾǹϵȺؼһ֡
򽣹һִȺԹֶΣһʩչԲڶڽ֮£κ˶룬һҵĿ꣬뷢ɱһ˲䣬ֻƺҲԹʥ֮˰ɡ޵˵
ǵ˵һûֻĵҲء
Ŷô޵
ǹŽµ򽣹жǵ
һĶͷ·ŻȻһĵҸˣ¡
ǵȻһЦŲ޻᲻עһ㣬ԣǹģҪõ׼ȷĴ𰸶ѣǻ˵ǰʩչ򽣹ؼǼʮ֮ڣսʣҲаսʤ֮ɱĳڵʲôطлʲôطʩչǶǲ֪ģҪչɽʮ׵ķΧڣһʥֶԶԿˣڴڼ䣬һֻϾҲܹӦģֻҪǴ߶򽣹ؼһܹлҳûв֮أֻҪڵλãת򽣹ؼʱ򣬳׷ɱлʩչĻᡣ
ǾͶлˡ޴Ц
ǵĵҷѾ䱩ƷʱϣеѡһƷȻٹƽ䡣
޵
Һûܹƽ
Ȼ϶ͬˣȻû˵˵
ռûȻû˵
ǵȰ˴Žֱ㿪ʼʩչǹŽϵ򽣹ؼûñ轣⡣
ЩⲢûɢǻһѰõ񽣹Ӱûʮ׸ߵıɽڣһж׼׵
Ҳ
˶űԵԼ״̬ȡл˳֮󣬽Լ״̬۷塣
׼һս
ػʥлڵأ˫öҹʥľ壬ʥ֮
νʥ֮ʵ˵ԪֻҪԼתΪȻлתΪսġ
ʱС˸ŵĹ·ҹһ㣬ʥ֮һƵлĿڱǣǺҴСľҲʼļУӦлսʼٵ
Ľս۷弶սֻһ֮ңɾһǳ״̬ǻ֪ҪòܹͻƵģԽߣ۷弶һľͻԽŽս۷弶ʮսʵĲ࣬Ľսʿսʵľ뻹ҪĶ࣬ԾԽߣͻԽѡ
һƵʥ֮ǾɢɢٶԽԽ죬лһŨֵģС
ҴСľѾСӣҴС
սԽԽۻ롣
ʵϵǿ
лоѾﵽһذڣֻҪȥǱսʾˣӿٵļȡЩʥ֮ѸٵתΪսǹذҲϡ󱡵ͬһűֽ

лͷҲһ֪Գˣڱͬʱſ˫ſſһ㣬һ
㿴ʥ֮һֱͣǿףͨ˫һԶıȡ൱һֽ壬ѸٵתΪսޱϡ
һ˲䣬սȻһ£תΪ
ž
ǲ㱡ֽľ谭ͱǺսһ³飬㱼䣬л΢΢һͨ͸ͷ
ͻˣ
Դлսʵľ磡
Ľս۷弶ƾսĶԻɱս۷弶ܹеս۷弶ͬˣսʼлսõ൱սӣսоԵİպɨһս۷弶ǿߡ
лӹһ˿ϲãܿƽϢˡ
Ҫ
ʱ䣬Źȥһʱ䡣
ʥ֮һ֣սʵľǰԽһأл
ӣҴСľ忪ʼɢתΪʥ֮
ٶȱŪ
лȫĵʥ֮սʼûͣǱŸ١
һֱػлͻƵһ˲䣬Ҳһʵл֪ڵļţŷǳãɲܹӦǷΣǰ򵥵ġ
ôͻˣбҪһ֮¶һĨڴ
Ϊս۷弶Ĵڣ̫սʾʵļѳ̶ˣھǳߵ࣬ҪͻƽսʣҪǳĻ
лֻǸսʾ磬ܹдȵսȻŷǳ˵ӡ
һ䣬ǰǷ֮ʥ
֮ʥѾΪͨ뱩ǿֵĽ̸Է֮ʥ˽ˣʩչҲ
αǷ֮ʥڲ
žͿ֮ʥ渡һţ˸鶯ĹΣڷ֮ʥڲǿУһöƬһöƬγһɫӰڸ߿ս
֮ܵʥػʥڵԪʼл۹ȥԭѾŨ˸е̬񲻶ϵѹǽԪתΪŨﵽҪ۳ˮ״̬
л˵ֱ°빦
ʥ֮ɣսʾǰĿһŨԪҲתȥϵرսлʵԾǱ൱ĸ߶š
˵öҲ˵ϮлȻǳٵġ


1436  ܡһ
ʵĳлǺ£˵һ൱ʹ飬ĵķǳƣһʱ䣬ĸɾϾҪǿиıԪǼ򵥵Ļǿˡ
лʱ䲢̫
ֹȥһ죬ǡõ죬лʱֹͣ˿Ҳһڷ֮ʥڻָ
֮ʥ˵Ǿʥأأһʮ춼ãһЩξƣָٶȵǺܿݡ
лͣ
ʼ鿴Լս
һɵþϲ֣սʾʱսһҲ˵ͻ֮ǰս˽սأȻҲõ൱ȵ
лܲ˷ܣ
˴ȵлеЩ˼飬ƶϣʥ֮İڿսʾ֮ǰһ󲽣һǿ൱ľġ
лתһ룬뵽
ܹģҲֻˡ
л߳ػʥͿ֮ʥӰʿ֪Ȼ档
ûͣл֮ʥȥ
֮ʥҲκε谭лһ֮ʥڲĿռ䣬ǿ죬ϵԪĳ棬˫Ŀ΢գȹ΢΢һ˿ʪļЩط棬ԾɿԽĽгɢŸӾ˵

лʱһĻȻû֮ǰǰϷ뷨ȡ֮һֱζǰԼ۵ġ
̾ʲôī۾˸Ĺʡ
ûʲôҵİɡл
ϣܹʤһЩҲڰԼ
ĶлĿԡ
ƽ͵ĶǵһΣЩĪĽţлգлл㡣
֣Ƽ򵥣ʵǶǷ
˴һʼʶ׷ɱߺͱ׷ɱߵĽɫݱ䣬ֱǱǣڷǳʱڣйĽӴ˱˴˼䣬ԾһЩᣬĺģŰ취ڿԷ
ǰˡ
ֱɱħˣѡԱлһ̣֮µĶԹų׵Ľ
ܴһлл治סһ¶ǰ㷢
лЦЩ飬Ȼ뿪ˣȣ׷£ȴô׵ġ
ô˵лԼխඡЦ
Ҳϡл
ֵȻˣ˵ǡǡֳлػһ棬ʵľҲܹԿѹһԭ򡣡
л̧̫˰ɣ
˫Ŀ䣬ĵĵҳܵѹӦ֪жɣһ룬׳󺫼ңΪһ壬ΪҲϧޣɽأˣǱĸ׺ģʱ֮󣬾ǣҲͷûпɼ֮󡭡ҡҡͷľʥ֮ϵ˼δܵİȻŮһŴҵһζݵ˳ޣѡֽǣʵҲΪĴڣҲʱȥЩ޵ԭ򡣡
뺫֮˵ڱѩڡ
лЦҵĹ
ǵľұԼȥģ鷳˷Żг޶ҵɣұ侲ϵǿԼΨ˲ܱѩޡ۾һĨ⣬ǷѪ飬ٶҽ
һξӨл䡣
лĳʱľġ
ĸףˣȺŵŮȴԼΪ۳ȫľӳ̶ȣ
ٴСδĸ׵лľ޷ﵽ״̬Ϊһ㣬֪ľΣҲʾĴǻۡ
ҿԽһһлѹʼ㣬ʱ˶ģܹй߹ȥԱߣԼļͷ
ʵĿл
һдδκ˱ֹԼǸĸڣһ̣ĸеĵҪһüͷ
΢΢һЦ῿лļͷ嶼ľ⣬ʲôҲ⡣
滨һЦлġ
һֱǿһ棬ֻ䣬о̲ס٩㻹Ҷ㶯ֶŰɶطû
ûİһۡ
ؿлУ֮ǰǲͬʱĵĴлǿһʱ䣬Ϊ֮Ƿ·ħһ㣬ʱ̶ҪŻĳҲࡣ
޵ĵ˶ԵޱȵĿ顣
ʷ·֮仯ˡ
ԭһѳʵ񽣣赲Ҫģ·չĸоƽ
Ҳ֪˶ãֱлһξ롣
̬ƽˮ
л
лҲѵõİתĹУҲЩı仯ţʲô£
һУҪ߱˿𣿡
ﵱĻĵطлЦ
ûлش̧ͷǿգƺǿոʧԼľٶлһ¡
òǡ
⡣ת˻⡣
ᵽʵ״л߰˼ʵܲпᣬʥһ˽뱩˵֪͸
л֪ǽ뱩϶׼ҵɱɽʮףҪҵǵĳҲô򵥵ġ
Žʩչ򽣹ؼɫҲ򽣹ؼԳ׷ɱҲͬƶնһ޷ʩչ򽣹ؼҲһֲĶֻͨҪ֣Ȼᱻֵġ
򽣹ؼлü
Ҳ֪һ㣬ֻǲ̫кˣ˵ıȽ鷳ˡ
һ£ҪƽⲻѣǻҪ֤󱩷ְȻ뿪Ϊͨʥѹƣ״ǳãδսʣǶһҲû侳磬ֻҪ΢һͿܵ侳ġ
⵹Ǹ⡣л
Ҫ⣬ֻһ취лΣյİ취
л˵УðҲǱģο򽣹ؼʩչѾע޷뿪ˣҪĿ껹Ǳ֤󱩷ֵİȫǹؼ


1437  ܡ
İ취ܼ򵥣Ȼ򽣹ؼѾʩչˣҪ֪Ǿǳ˵ˣȻһᱻ֣Ҫ󱩷岻ܵһ˿һĹǾͱҪǣȸעС
˭˵ע⣬ֻˡ
һлһ
лȻ˵ݵλţǱ̫ھˣлһʥδϣ˵ʥоżĻôţԲУľż񼶱ֻǾл裬˵츳̫̫죬ϵδϣԽʮսʼĳڣԶԶЩս۷弶ǿߡ
İ취л֣ս졢ֶƵ򱣻ŽսѸ뿪
취Ҳԡл
ҪˣȻ˵Ĺע⣬ǿͬķ֣ǿ϶㱻ٷ֮߰ʮעΣյġ
лһЦûаΣա
ţ
лĸЩ֣ûолǿԳܣƺġ
ҳϣս۷弶ʵаպɱǣڵʵԷֻ֣һ·ҪӵĻսҲֻܸɵۡлЦõ˴У
ҵһˣҲҪע⣬ҹפʩչٶȵİ巽϶עģδû׼˵
лףʱһģӻǡ
Ц㲻öˣ
УҺӰ졣лƲΪǿԼƣй˵ɱֵĻĴаٷ֮ʮ˼ҲǳңҪ⣬ƶˡ
ͷƤҲһʵ
л۵˵˶ǲҡһɫԵķطصɨ衣
ɫȻĵеɡ
лʱܱ
ͻڼձͻƾ磬㻹һʱ䣬Ǵػʥɡ˵
һʱ䣬ػʥµĿޡ
лҲøҷʯʲôط˰ɣ
أ
˾סĵطлЩ⣬ˣӡ̫ˣֱǰ۲ӣþѾĻȻԾûа취ǽ޷뿪ˮԴ㣬ʲôط
ҡҡͷҲǺ
лͱȽ鷳ˣ۶ǰСҪҼʯͷڴ밡
û취İ취εĵаͱ뾡Ľʱ䲻˰
ҾΪɡлҲԴ˲̫ϣˡ
뿪˷֮ʥ½ػʥ׼һ죬Ȼ뿪ǰȥѰҷʯ
ػʥлһ۾Ϳǻɫħ޵Ժһʱ۾һ
ͷųöػ֮ܣһӰһǿտҲлͶǿտҲػ֮ܣĿȴǽеΧɢϸ˿Ľɫ档
Ƿأ
ܹл뷨쵽ĻǶлԾһǳսżشٽ
ֻ룬ܷҪġ
лϴ߶ȫսתѾﵽսʼ磬ȫ߶£ɢľս⣬ʱЩϸ˿Ľɫҵı·һɫС·š
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õս룬ɫȻδ׳ȴ໥ںϣЩɫ۳һϸ˿ĵ⣬лĿ֮£еס
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лҪģֻҪɹԴﵽĴΣг䲻⣬вһá
лǽɫ翪ʼǿտҲûκͼػ֮ڲҪɫС
ɫػ֮ͬˣߵıԴл֮ǲųġ
лŽС
΢һоǽɫ缴ƣҪзؽеȥΣ޹
΢һ룬леˣɫ籾Ͳܹɲٿصģĸףܿԭս֮ڣҪػ֮ͱҪսػ֮ܣսܹôػ֮أʱһɢģҲҪתعڵģҸЩսʵ½
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ᣬǾ޷ɫػ֮ڡ
Ǹìܵ㡣
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л۾һԵģ
飬ҲǱĸܹսȻԣܰ˽ս۲ɢ޻
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޻Ҳûлֻкô
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лǽɫ磬Ȼɫֻһߣļǲǻ׼Ǻֵûɰ޻걾ϵģɫػ֮ڣȻýɫˡ
ɣлϲ
޻ͺһ㻯һûػ֮ڡ
Լ֮󣬿޻ػ֮ȫںˣԷɫˡ
л㽫ɫͽȥ
ػ֮ڱֳһͼɫ繹һԲȦǿ޵ӰӰػ֮á
ұɶʩչһνɫˡлЦ
ʩչһսʵǾ͵ڶһαɱս۷弶ĸ֣һαлὫնɱġ
֮л㰲
һʱ䣬ʵҲȲ
峿л㱻гػʥ棬˶Ѿ
ǵǰ߱ףŵľǱŽսǿߡ
лĿӹս۷弶ǿߣδͻƣҲǣڵľ磬Ҫͻס
ϲǣĽսʾ磬սֶƶѾǶս۷弶ģ־Ͳһ߱ɱսʾʵҲлٵͻƣлϲǣԭˣ׼սռݴ󲿷ֵģȴս࣬Щ׼ս۷弶ͳͳͻƿһսʼ
Ҷ׼˰ɣлˣռƻж


1438  սȺۡһ
ƻܼ򵥣л˵ע⣬߶ķս죬ֶƵ˻󱩷ֵİȫǲܵ˿ĹЩ࣬ģϾӱɽ뿪ʥǣǾ൱ңԶ⵽ҹҵĴս˸ѡ
л˰ļƻлţݵλ˵ģǣ󲿷ˣȻں󷽲ųǣһ֣ս˴
һо
Ǳ˴˶״̬л򱩷ȥ
Ҳ͸λȴĵ֪ͨ
֨֨
Զ
˸ŵĹΣ·ˮһɵ񵶵л˵С
Ҳһ̣ն
һƳңԶƫɲɵлϣʹͬ߳һ㣬һظС
л
ԭҪеģл˫̤߲ͬ·ģǶ鲻ԽıͣΨǼ͵̰骵Ľг
л΢΢һЦǰ
һ䣬Ƿ߳лһƬͨ͸κս־Ҳͳͳĵ
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λ첻˰ɡлЦǺǵĵ
⻰˵˺죬˵ɱأ˵Ҳ̲סƿڴ
ΨйŽĹɫȻĵȷл٣ܹŪڹ֮䣬򽣹ؼ֪޷ܣȴڼ֮߳
ߣҿսթ֮һ˿з
ˣʱȻս۷弶ǰп֮˱ΪߣǾͲһ߱ɿսʵĳǿߡ
лĵλ
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ҵλɷѿİɢɽ򽣹ؼûʲôˡл˵䣬̧һ档
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һǿӽŵӿȥ
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鲼ʮ׷ΧĽɽ֮Ҳ֮˾޴ı仯ÿһⶼ·ΪһսʼͶĽɽظ˵Ŀ¡
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ǲǾллĿռָ񵶣ǶžԵջġ
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лͬл˵עǵһʱ䣬ٶ뿪
ҺҷлȥɱһˡҺһӦ뿪ˣķȥ
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ӢҺͱѩĸ뿪ֻаŽ̡֣ĸҲ׷׹ȥҲһЩɢ뿪ˡ
ΨлƵǾȻûħ޳ڱɽ֮ϣֻЩħ˽ħͷųģѯħ޵ˡ
뿪֮ʣлҲ֪սҲ뿪ˡ
ڻжҲһİ뿪ɽ֣ؼǻعʥǵ;ٵлսֶһЩϿɵģһƻһأЩֶΣҲȷͷ۲һġ
Ƿ˳лѾûȥǡ
ҪסЩˣɲҪǻۣҪѰʯȻû˼ˡ
ҲǴҺʱ䣬˭ĵɣлܣ־Ȼûһ֣ҲҪʱ䣬ֵˣȻˣҾȳԵ㶫緹ûԣǶˡ
ǺڵлУлҲ֪ĵһӣһӣóһЩĸ㣬ˮ֮Ķڷ档
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޷͵ǣлһ˼ķڳ棬Ȼǿһٳ԰
ŰСʱ֮ӵĶͱ˸ɾڼ䣬Ӳûһ˳ûֵġ
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ಣ
ŭڿԾֱӴ̵Ⱥе˫趯Ŵӣ׺ݵնл
һ飬л̸֣а
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ˢ
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˱˴˱Աлͷãһץءһ±ץס̸ֵļͷһӡ
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Χ˲ɵһ
֪лܹսʣȴδܹɵؾ֮佫һĽս۷弶ǿĨɱûС
ʵ


1439  սȺۡ
ı֣Ȼ˶֪лʵӦ൱ҲȺ۵ԭ
˵ȺɱУҲףлٶȣȺδܹռƣοлԵ̣ǾͳͳΪУлǻɱ˵ܼһϷõȻֵˣʶл̸֣ûһǱſֵ̬ȥġ
ΨйǵȰ˴ŽʼձŸ߶ȵľ裬һлʩչҪߣǵ򽣹ؼɽ
ɱ˰ıشսձɱ֮һİ骣ɱսǿߡл߱˵
ڶ̸һɫѿ
ǵڴһľٶ
Ǹ߰ĸԣܹлʵ̫ǿˣֲҳ֣ѿ֮С
骶Ϻȵ
ս۷弶ԣ뵽лشȻȻָǿлǸеͷʹȴΥ骵ֻó
һսʹɫ
骿ɲɵֻһ˶֣лһսҲ±˵޳ȺŹ
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Ĵսʽ󣬹ϳľ档
лĽս۷弶ʵҹפشս۷弶ǿߣԽɫҲشȻսʼһʵһ˱ǰս
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ĶҪɤˣǾ֡
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񵶺âҫһе谭
лһնȥǺʵƬʱ·ɽƥ񵶱ûǰڣȻδնϣ漤ŵľ˵ȴԾ޷
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һѪˡ
ˣлȵòˡ
˱仯ǵ𾪣ͬʱҲлеϲ֪Լʵõȴû뵽ȻѾԽ˵ĵزƶնĶһնɱս۷弶ǿߣҲȷлܲѡ
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ˢ
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л˫ֵȻһЦ·һжɵģ˲ɵŤͷսǿߡ
ȫûһ˿˿ڣֻͬʩ˶һ㣬һվ

һ紵
սʵĲǰһ˿ѪȻǵͷ­׷׵ĵ䣬ͷʬԾȵվ
նף
лɱսʼǿߣɼɲ骵̵˿ĿɿڴҲȻѣлĿ·ڿһЩɢ޸ָһ鲻ԽĺˣǶûеǰˡ
̫ǿˣ
骣лȳһ֡
骵ɫˢһ±òҰףлħΣٿԼ£һܣ
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ҪĨɱ骣Ů˿ѷɫı츳ƺսһУɳǲѷɫл뽫骶ɱҡС
ݡ
һðһƬ⣬һѰѷ񽣻תţ˸ɭɭĺâסлȥ·
л𣿡ǵ
л̾һһ˵㣬˰ֵĻȫԳɱȥûɱ骵ġ
ڣĻ᷵Ҳûŵġ
лʼ磬δ򽣹ؼ뿪
Щ񽣹Ӱٶʧ
ڻлսǿл;ףǲ˶Լľ޴󣬱лıʱսлΪߡ
ǹŽ뷨͹ͬˡ
ǹ棬ǵ࣬սȴ࣬Ȼս۷弶ǿߣѷɫ̫࣬Ա躹ޣе㵣ıл
ɢȻ˸ҽ
ս۷弶ɢ޵ҲеģһȻлּնɱȻɷ֣иԭ򣬵һս۷弶ǿȻ޷赲лȥ·ʵ
Էɢٳء
˾ʣ¹Ž壬ˡ
лŽų⣬ǵ򽣹ؼǰʩչƴ뱻
ʣµĹԹɱ
ǿȴս۷弶һЩսʣҪǶ֣ͬЩѡ
ȴġ
л뵽㿴ޣʱڣҲѸٵĻָԼʵóһƿξƣཹཱུĹȥܿĵָ
ǹĻָʵҲɫģûһֵģлǣ̲סЦ
෽֣վĲ룬˴ưռսһȻ䴫ܾõġлЦ
ȴӦԣǶԣʤǸǹŽ壬ĵǱ˴ˣл
ǳлǿǵռݾƣԾǿлв


1440  սȺۡ
лϿһ飬Ŀϡ
ʱԵþͺˣ߹Ž嶯֣һ̱ܽȫ
лҪ
ޡлͺȵ
͵ıлѡУ߳ȥ˳ޣлг֣侲Ķлδڡ
лƱ
ȻսǶɽۣ֮ǰһ̤ںΨһŵĵڶȥлںϡ
·죬ǵأǱɽ
εѹƵƴʣȴһεģصѹȹȥ
лǵΪѹȻйֵϡ
ҪޣǴȻ˹Žһ£ʹӡ󲢲ô̫޵ˡ
˵лεѹһ˵ĻҲԽɣйĸ֣Ǿ裬Ƕʥصˡ
Ҿ̫лĿ
ŭߵ޷ǰһҼ뿪Ⱪɽ
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㴿ѹģлתһ룬ˣδؿԣһ߶ϵħϢ
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𣡡
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ǰлһͺȣױȵѹƽ嶼ѹսǸеϢͬס˿ڱǣ޷һ㣬ܵһ㾫ѹȣ־֮С
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ϣЦеĵ֣˵򽣹ؼҵЩȤֽһ
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ʣˣĴս۷弶ǵĿֻһǾлҲһЩȴһԹۣҪʱԳǿġ
ı仯һӴлףתΪ
ǿߵϣҲĿлֳߵģͲһ߱ɿսʾ磬ʵǿˣԾս۷弶ǿͬʱɼԴ˴λɱлǱűɱ֮ǰġ
лҲ֪ľսʼˣûǹɿ֮ӵĿţϣǲҪʧ

̫ˣΪɱܹĴս۷弶ǿ߶Կǳ˵Ρ
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ϣںȳ⣬ЩΧ߶Ѿ̲סȳˣԭĴս۷弶ǿֳսʵ̫ǿˣϣ޽ӽսʵĴڣӵ˲лܹԿֵʵ
Χлδţϡ
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Ϊ䲻ֶΣǸԼߣ˱ռ˻ܣܻʤܹлһߵĵزĺôνǷǳ֮ģƾΧߵͣʥ£ٸּġ

žɽ֮ۡ
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˫ˣԭƲϣȻɫ䣬˶һ쳣ƣһâֱɱȥٶչֳҲǾ֮˲Ϣ㵽лĽǰ̽񵶡
ĳ̫죬ս۷弶ǿûüӦѾץˡ

лƾٶȽ˸ָڿɺãϣȻⲻǸ
лᣬܷŹ
ٶȼޣ
лҲչֳٶȣԶϣܱģսʼóٶȵķϵ֣лǿٶȣҲҪʰ·ģһʩչٶȣһ⣬ӹ
ϣ˫־˫а׵ʱлȻץס˫˳һ
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ϣҲ̲סһͺգ֮յĶ㿪л˫ɱѡȫлļ֮С
ϣʵǿҲлܹһɱƾʵҲûʮİձ£ο񵶷ޱȣñֻˣʶֻܱ
Ķ谭ʧ
л˫ɱȥĿֱָս۷弶ǿߣҽٶȷӳɲǼͳɱǰ
ս۷弶ǿ߱ϣ֣ѾóƳˣлıֺɱ
˫м񽣡
ЯŻԵɱȥ
ػʥ壡
лǷһ˿ЦϸһĨ壬ͬʱػֳܸ֮һػ֮ܣһǿػ֮ܡ
ػ֮лĿ֮£˸Ź⺮ֱҳײȥ
أأ
ʹóսǿػػ֮ܡ
ʵǿлͬǿᣬؼǣõ޻Ϳ޻֧֣ػ֮ܵķǿˣǵһֻǽػ֮ĳһѺ۶ѣ鶼û
лӶ˫ֱʹ񽣵ս۷弶ǿߣҪһɱֵֵ֣ܹʿܹǿԼƣ˫һǾɱĶ


1441  սȺۡġ
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
лΪһɱνǽϣһͳͳʩչػ֮ܵסֵĹȻ㷢ʱ侲ֹ
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һʱƾոֳֻʹ񽣵ս۷弶ǿߣʱ̶ԣǳ׺ǹڵģлʵսʵľ磬ӵʱ侲ֹҲڲϵ
ʱһ±㽫ʹ񽣵սǿ߸ˡ

ǳԽлʵܶģʱ侲ֹҲǰʱ䣬лͬΪսʣǿɾʱˡ
һӵʱ䡣
˵ȥɶлٶȱ̬˶ԣһܹȥһǧ׵ľ룬֪һӶл˵ζʲôԱսζʲô
ʱ侲ֹ˫Ȼ١
ۣ
ûκ谭ģɵ񵶱ͬʱ˵ŶȻл˫΢΢һ𣬴˱ҽһ飬ʬҲлɵȥ
ԾһɱС
ɱԾս۷弶ǿߡ
ԭлҪսĴս۷弶ǿ߱ʾǿһɵΧǣһŵľ
˭뵽лȻս
ϣɫ䣬ʵѾսʵż˵ͬΪս۷弶ľ磬ҲвͬģƾʵȫҲûпһɱս۷弶ǿߵģԲŻǿƳҪлһȻֳ֣شлɱģû뵽лȻץסһ߻ᣬնɱһ
һս½ҪʿĴ
лԾǶһвܲʣֻһ뷨󻯣ⳡսлʤĿܡ
˫ɱһˣлȶȻתͬʱʩչ
һʩչĶлӰƣʹȥĪ⣬޷Ѱҳ
ϣ״æȵ
ս۷弶ǿ̱ȫӦսϣóıһѳԼ׵ľ޽һһǿľ裬ΧлӰ׷׵
һһ˿Σдӱ
ϣɫ΢䣬ٵǰ̣ͬʱȻתӶ޽бն
ĽնͿվл΢΢һЦһʱٶȸֳϣҪͬİ취
ߣ
ϣһˣӶ޽Ұնʱ֡
أ
һ㽫ʱ顣
Ҳʱл˫˫ϲһƺɫոֳеӦ
аҫ죡
аյĽɶлյеڶĶ˫ἤ١
ϣһӽӭ
ǵһֱײ

ǿײǵĵײ㱬ӳȥ񱩵𶯵ξҵҡΡ
ડ
ϣסΣлٵĺʮս۷弶ǿ߼״˻һҰ˴ϣҳɱлȥٶȣӵ˾˵ĵز
ϣȴüͷһ壬ŵײол£˵˶˺Ŷԣλ㣿
ģϣɫ䣬ȵСģǹģ
ڣҲٵĳɱȥ
˵лȻǼģսȶ߳࣬սʵܹ˲ãյ֮ơ
ս۷弶ǿɱ˫Ӷ׺ݵն
ػʥ壡
лûг˫Կʩչػʥ壬ػܱ֮˳ֱӭѳն
ޣޣ
ֻһлǴߴħ޻귢˼
𣡡𣡡
޺𱬷ǿ
޻ڵػ֮ڱһ磬һϬĳصײս۷弶ĳ档
أ
ײ޻ӲǽĳƼ
Ҫ֪޻ǰʮսʵʵֻһƲл꣬ҲǷǳµġ
һס֣ڶ޻ػܾ֮תţݺݵֵǰҵѪɳȥ
ͬʱҲս۷弶ǿȴǸӱҡ
޻ıԴǼȭס
ȭ׻ָսʼУԿ޻޷κֻöһȴǿԽɫʱӡػ֮ڵĹؼڣʱſǽɫ㱬ȥ
ɫǿ൱սʵ
꣡
һս۷弶ǿ͸ǿɫֱӳ񵶣ͷ­
һ
һشһɱͬʱɵģǰ󲻹һգ۵ĹϣҲŸոճɱ赲

Ƶ磡
л׼׵ٶֶͬʱʩչϣɱһ˲䣬һ⣬ӲǲϣбɱȥйУֵɵַתɷգشս۷弶ǿ߲ɵҲ˳Ĳǰ
һһлʮվΡ
ʬҲ֮ء
һĻԱɱ͹ŽֶʱͣΧ۵һŴͣţǷһ˿Ϣ
𺳣
ǶˣĴս۷弶ǿֳսȻлôɵնɱˡ
ԭ϶лذܵģܹͲģأ
ϣǷܹţһʺš
Ψлܹȡս䲻ռݾԵ˭뵽ػ֮ܿɱˣ
лתϣĿԣĽ
һ̣ϣɱˡ
ûо£лƴսǲµģаգʩչɱֶΣлɱ
ͬлҲĴ
һУʵսаҫ죬ֻлյĶеĶ˵ڵܹκ˶ҪȵģлУֻΪ
ֽ˼Ϊ𣡡
ϣȷһ𣬴յǿ޽Ӷз·һ֮·ֽ٣ֽеףܹɱһеĴڡ
޶+ƶն
ںϡ
лյƶնǳ޶ļӳ֮£ƶնںϹһԱһҲҪǿһߵġ
ǿɱֶΡ
ɵ񵶺ϲ
л˫֣˲ںΪһҲڣӶ˫ںϴ󶷼ɱȥ
ɱ
ɱ
ǿͬʱǿɱȥ
⽣Ӱɽۣ֮ݺĵâڴݺύѺۣƴصĴһ㡣
ױȵĺɱԾ
˶۾Ҫס
ֱӵĶԾ˭ʤ˭ܣǿҲ޷жϳģֻܵȴսĽ


1442  սȺۡ塿
˫ϲͨ͸һ֮Ӱ·Ҫ춼ͱضն
޽Яֽ㣬ʹܿб׵磬⽣׹䣬ѵ١
󶷼ڴУȻײ
䣡
Ǿ޴ն䡣
ְ֮ʱ鿪
ǡ
ǵӰҲܲסǿĹ鿪
ǲֲ٣
˶һĶҲȷԷֳʤģǸո˸оͷԾ
ְһ׵ˣǵӰҲȷˣѵĵӰȴһһҳȵĵȻδͬϬϣٶ֮ϣӦ
ۡ
εĵӰͬʵʵĸֵϣϡ
ǿ͵ĳ徢ϣʹţ󻬶ܿƣǿƶԾվˡ
ɱ
лۼᵽᵶɱȥ㲡Ҫٶȷޣ˲Ϣѵ
𣡡
ۿлɱϣоΣգϾʹܣһеĴ߶ȫ׷һҰ˻һۻϱ

޽ϡ
ҪҲҪл汳
лһ˿Цûɱϣȴûɵһеɱھϣһ׵ĵطлȻֹ
ʱ侲ֹ
һʱٶȳһϣͷϷһ˲ͣͣһգ۵ͣ١
л಻һףֱɱ˵ĵزһգ㹻ˣлת˲ŵĻᣬϣһ˲Ϣͣ٣˫ͬʱͶȥ
ֱӽ񵶸˳ȥ
ۣۣ
񵶻һ⣬ֱӶϣؿڣǿ͵ϣɳȥʮף˫ֱӶڵ֮ϡ
Ҳģ
ϣ˻ءһӲվ˫棬վԶһͷҷ裬ϴ񵶣޽Ҫ𹥻վ㣬ˡ
Ĵǿߣȫս
лһץϣ壬УϣʬҲˤڵϡ
Σս㣬ֻʣս۷弶ǿߴʮսŽս
ɱĴս۷弶ǿߵƣлŽȥйŽ˴֣ʮǿ֡
л˿û˼սǿ
Ҫʲô
Ҫƾһ˶Ծ˶ĸְɣ
ǰŽֵ򽣹ؼ൱ս۷弶սĸ֣ܹնɱսʵĴڰ
ѵҪԽսɣ
˷
Ƶݱ䳹׵ĸıǵʶԭȺ۴սлģƺлһ˰ܾ¸ˡ
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£нս۷弶ǿеһɫ̥֮˵ȵ
ʮĽս˳սȦ
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ݡ
Ϊ׵ĹŽͬʱйŽ

ХһһĽƿն
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˴ŽֱվλãлΧС
лԽԽǿѹ˫մȾһѪ
һ֣ʡ鷳лָʮ֡
Ƿǰǿ϶ΪлԴѰ·֪ˣлʸˡ
λվйŽջ
֮ͿһѰѵ֮ٵתܳʮλá
ʮҲԥ߹ȥ
ʮҲ뿪öʮ˽лΧء
λֻ׼лȫɣǵһͨؼΪǿһġ˵
֮ǰƴɱС
˿̣֣Ϊǹͬ棬ǰûе˺ѡ
׼𣿡лĵ
ǵðһŭǰл˵أֳĴȣǶлӡ
лγǶء
뷢ɱŭ֮£ӽٿؼ׺ݵĹɱֶΣߴŽҲ׷׳֡
Ž٣Ľⶴ죬·Ű񽣡
֮Ҳķ˴žŰѹŽۼȥÿһѹŽںǧ֮⣬ǹǵĹŽ˽ǧ֮⣬Žͷųӵľס
λ֣Ǳȵ
ʮͬʱ֡
ǵһԶıĿֱָлģǵӳȥȴı䷽򣬷߿ա
ɱ
˴ŽҲûӽն䡣
˵ʮֵĹ͸򽣹ؼİ壬ںΪһһѿ񽣣׺ݵлնȥ
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лڵʵܹӳνɫĹһɵ˲ָ츳ҪӲʮ֡
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ĺХ·Ҫһ㡣
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ײ죬ǿĿϯԲǧ׵ķΧڣǿ߶ǿգЩǵ˺顣
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ǽɫĵ֮ѸٵջǽɫѣȻ֮⽫߳ɵվǲС
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лԥٶȻӶһ
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ǿһǰһ£֮ȴֻʣɵѣֵܹ
ֻһײ֮ѾѣǿڶʮֵϣһѪˣеıۺεȼ׷׵ѣ֪ͬܵشġ

лٶȴ߶ɫ磬ԭתһȦ
һƽɫĵγһԲȦȻɢȥ
ãǼ״ȻѣĳҪ㿪һ֪Լ޷ֿ
ಡһ±ϸ߿գˣԾɱͬߵķݣɵȥĿѪУͿǽɫĵŵ⣬΢ʮһ㣬ӹ
΢
ǹȴһʹˡ
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Ψз紵Ѫʬڵϡ
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лվλãֳ˫ֿһͷҷҵ趯ڿ֮죬ڣ۳ɵܷţ޵ս񣬿صʬ壬ѪȴӳĵͬǴħ


1443  ʵĺҡһ
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лܣ˫ʣ춯ڴɽ֮۵ļžֳһƬҡ
˭Ҳû֣ǱڲҲлЩˡ
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ѾľЩ֣ҪָĻᣡ˵ĹȻл飬ȴԾܱ侲ûбƵ
һȣлͷһ
˿͵ĴսȺնɱʮսʣǼٵģ򽣹ؼ϶ʮֵĹ˷
һЩٴδ
лĿǡ
˷һսȷȫɶлԣʲôأ˲ָδʹء
лûʩչ˲ָ΢ЦĿΧ
ǿҶˡ
ûȫϢǳ΢ǵĻᡣ
벶ȸں󰡣û뵽ǸѾĻģȴЩɢ޶
һȺΧ߶궯
еɢеս۷弶ǿ߷׷׵߳ǿɲʹ˷Źֻᡣ
ɢиս۷弶սǿߡ
˵ʣµֶҪɵǿĽսʣ࣬ȴԶս۷弶ǿ߹в
Фأȥ֡һս۷弶ֵǽȶһսʵĸֺȵ
սʿлеԥֲҷֻǰȥԼĽ䱸š
϶лľ޴ɿϵЩֲǿǵʬ壬ԾǸеһ˿ġ
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ȫ֮£Ҳ൱µģϾսʵʵ
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лһؼ̼佫ѹ
ǵս۷弶ǿ֣лѹ֮£ԿܣҪ˵һոտսʵǿˡ
ͬʵʰεĴصĺսʵ棬֮ǰ壬ǰڣ綼
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лҲ׷ɱ£״̼ԷԱģԱл汳ǵȻԱġ
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뱩ɽԼʮһСɽۣ֮˺վңԾʮ׸ߵıɽͷȻѡ
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ѡȷİɡΪ׷ߣֱһ̣ų׵ġ
ſˣľٶȶ˵ľһɣǶƺ̼ܵѸͳɳļ󣬾Ȼͻٵĸо
¶һ˿Ц⣬ִ̫ţʼ޷ķſңŷſңĺ
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л
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ЦǣѾս˰ȻȥعʥǣҲûʲôģ㾡ɷĵĸԼ顣
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ĺ⻼ȻʵĿ£ڧϵзֱĿܡ
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δ˵Ҳˡ
֪ҪѵʵǳǿһԶҾ˾˺ͺ峤ƿصɣл
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Ϊ꣬һѣǳ˯лǬκӡ
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лסˣо˺̹ӷ緶㲻ǺϴôҲĸף
ǵϣ֮ԶԱ˵ϴϣֻñ˲Ҫ̫ɵҺҵӶԺҡ
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ϴϺ͵ȫ
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˵ǵϣôϺҵϴϣôҵʵأлڲףΪʲô̸Ψûȥңǲ룬ǲҡ
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Ц֮ǿǰ׻Ҳ֪
׻ʰ걻ӡ󣬸ǺҵĴʣңϵڶϹŴĵزģ˵ҵ˥Žܵϵ׻֪֪ܡ


1444  ʵĺҡ
лӡУҺǿҲһֱΪܹɱκһʥأȴû뵽ҾȻǿ˹ĵز
ǰѪӡʱԵսʵ£ܹǿ߽սϵǿߣ˵ûвŶԣΪλлĵ
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лüëһЩˣ֪ѩıѩܾһһܾĴؾÿһܾڶŲѪӡӰߵľ磬Ҳͬһ㣬Ѫӡʱ޷߳ڣҲҪȹ̾磬Ҫ൱ʱܹ߳ġ
˵һûܾĴ߱Ϲ塣˵Ļ·ͺҵǿûаϵ
Ϲ壿лüë
壬ʶ⣬Ϲ崫ŵǧǰһǧǰ
ϹĲرͼȴΪ֮
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ܾɸѪ䣬ȻֶֻͨΡлʶϹأʶΪʲôϹرͼԵˡ
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1445  ⡾һ
ݵ൱ɣȻεģ˷Ҳ·ģܿлһĵҡ
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1446  ⡾
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1447  ˫ԡһ
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ӽⶴٶ߳лͿⶴ⣬վʮˣһֳֵɷڵģǵǰżʬ壬ǽĴ磬۹ߣһƴӡ
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1448  ˫ԡ
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ǵĿҪͨսİȡʮսʵľ磬һսճ־ãʮʮҹҲδʤһĴǿȫҪͻƵļһǿ߼Σԥѡͬھ
ͬʱ䡣
ĵط޹㳡
崫мأ֮գʵͻѪ꣬磬Ϊ֮Ϊ֮ˣһһһ֮޹㳡⣬˳ɾ˶ŽĳɾͣһϹ˻ʣһϹʣ˽ںȴδõǿİ壬Ҳڴ˵أʮ˳ս·۾ѪѪ⣬۳һ񡣡л˶ĵ
Ǵ˵ǿߵİ۶ɡ
˵ܹ򣬱ɿԽʮսʣﵽδ֪ľ硣
ɵѾǧ꣬ȴֻǰ˴һЩ壬⼸˱Ϲʥʣȼ˶ѡ
ǰҲδ˿
½֮󣬳ȴӡǶʱ䣬ÿһ˶˲ǿܹ򣬵ȴǺʧ
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ǿ統峤׿ԽѪӡѾƵĴﵽ˽սϵľ磬Ҳδ˿Ĳ
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֪µļʾ֮ռɢؼĲл꣬Ȼǰǿ󵽷ǳ̬ǿߣŲ׵ɢģ֮ͨŵµϣٸԴռ壬ٶѹ֮İ긴գֻһɳ׵ĸ
Ҳлƶϡ
л֮⣬뵽޹㳡ڵĴ˵ǡǡǿ߶ԵģȻдռģ˱һΨһѰƺǴ֮ġ
ռ壬ܿʮսʼǿѪ⣬ʮѵ֮ģ
лŻɡ
Ҳż긴ֻҪûҵʵĴ棬ƾյöֱۣӱ㼳ȡе
öۻҪܹȫԶʥؼĴм䣬֪۵á
һʮս۷弶ǿߵ꣬ȫһǶлֱ޷ܵջ
лվǵǰ
ҲԵģҲӵ


1449  ֮ˡһ
лԴ뿪ǣ洳ҲнʮĹ⾰ˣʮ꣬ʮ꣬˾ʱڣ֮࣬Σ֮࣬Щ˼Ϲﶼ޷ȵġ
ΪˣŻǳĿ٣ĸŻֱ࣬ǰãľڲ򣬶棬Ҳŷǳ츳ҪǷǲһЩĹؼ
ٶǾ޴ĵ
Ȼ嶼ûܹʲôһۣҲδвлȻš
ԼһЩ
ϾԷ棬ҲЩģȭ϶ԵģӰȭڲʽиȿƳ޵еĶлԼܹһġ
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̤Ƭռ䣬лΪŨЩŨȻǴԵԪŨ̶Խöŵռ䡣
лһܹĿǿڱӿЩ壬̴սʹսһ˿
̲סҪöóͷųռ䣬ԪȫΪǵġ
Ҫ˵ûսʣе㲻ʵﵽս۷弶ǿԵġ
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ս۷弶ʵлεľ磬Ҳ̾ʹﵽ㾳ģ棬ܹһ̸ˣô˾Ȼڣ˲ö֪
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ͬʱĶͨҲʱ̽ڶ΢һ⣬ܹġ
ͿվڹڣĿգ¶һĨЦ⣬ʵҵСˣȻܹɱҿڵô֣ʡȴҵһЩ鷳ȥðճ֣նɱ칬ǰģʡˡ
лͷһ
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˵겻ҲҪԳֻɱɣȻĿĵģҪͨҿ˵൱칬ǰΪǲɸ˵Ŀġ
лһڴˣҪֽõͷ
ΣʳյЩܣܹһףǣҿı֣еóȻжûжȡİ취һ֮ҲĨɱĻǾǰˡ
˼ȥлǾΣ
οǰֱ˳˼˼Щʲô⣬Сʱ֮뿪
εԼ׵ľ룬лܶཨ˴ˣлֻĶͨȡεĽŲж·ߣĸš
ŵ·һֱڿռĵһڡ
˹СռҲƽ׵ӣĴӴ󹬵ģԵЩࡣ
л︽ȴоСĲƽΪԪӵŨһ㵭ӵɢ
СǿγĻܹϴ򵽴ذġ
޹վڹ⣬һ¶һĨЦ⣬ĵܿҪɹˣʱʲộʲôʥǣʲô칬ͳͳҿվҲ˼
˵̤꣬빬ڡ
ƿţα˽ȥ
лȴ˼£ǵƿһ˲䣬˴ڵʲôûУǿտҲκûУҲûʲôƣһȴл̲סȥǱڴڣȻŸΪŨԪ̶ȣ滹Ҫǿʢһ࣬һ۱ƳһЩ棬˾Ө͸ˮ飬Ԫ۶ɵġ
ǿԪĴڰ
ЩлţǸĻȫԽﵽսʵĵز
ѹ˾磬ֵطֻҪʲģﵽǰ㾳ġлܣٶһǿҵĳ嶯ҪοƣȡǴ
ջ֮ǿңҪͲס
лľջһڽţҪҪŵģǴ˵еö۵ĴڣȫԽɱģΣǸ
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ɫû¶һ˿ʽ΢Цҵȷᵽ˺öһǳӴԽʮսʵ


1450  ֮ˡ
Խʮսʼл²⵽ǸݣҲֻ϶ʮս۷弶ͻƣôҪһʱ䣬û뵽ȻȻʮսʵζʲôأ
ıһɹĻ˼ʮսʣҲ޷ŤתƵˣϾԽʮսǸܿġ
ȷǸѾʮսʵĵزл
ɫдģƿصѾԽʮսʵĵزοܸо󡣡
ţ
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ǽɫѾﵽ˺ŵĵزܹﵽҪôҪжôĿ£ҪɵʹʲôȻҪ˿ֲĳ
ҪеȣԶʥʳԽʮսʵľ磬ԾΣԿ϶µĽƸӵĿֲοܼ̳ԶʥʵĴм䣬ɲô򵥣ҪŴʥƣ˲ö֪Ϲ˻ʺҲֻǱű˼Ѫ뷨еģҲ֪öۣӶȡԶʥؼһЩм䡣ɫ˵
лһ룬Ҳԣ㹻ǰһߴм䣬ܹռҪ˵µõˡ
Ȼǵڣ㽫ҳǣȥΣǸãлŨĴԪջĶѣ޲ϳȥ
ˣǵȻ֪ģܷ֣εǵǿһ˿ţǸҿͬôһҲ֪˭µģĨɱҿļ䣬ڿӦþˣΣĨȥεļ䣬ȻҶĸоԽڳģֻҪȴһʱ䣬뿪ԾɿŻɫϸĽ͵
лò侲ˡ
ĨҲν޷Ĩɱǵ꣬ĻᣬлԲϣ顣
һ롣
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˴ɵлڸԪѾ۳ˮˣ֪жôİ
лһ˱ƽ
ͳͳͶ뵽֮УһУǾͽɫˣϾǵǿ̶ȣлҪӣҲ޴Ӽӵģȫȫһʱ䣬ԪͬҵйһģתлڣٵĽ뵤Ȼ󾭹תΪսǿԼʵ

˷ռλõĲлΣҲлʱ
ҲУ̾öĽɫĿлǰλá
Ŀ֮£лǰط·͸һӡתţڷӡ棬һöɫԲ΢΢Ĳţɫ񵤣֮ڣһȶ˵Ӱȫߡ
˭ȻҲǿа꣬߱ƿӡʵˡɫ˵
櫵ꡣ
櫵걾֪飬ڱӡϵҲѾһ㣬ֻǿӦڵ꣬ռ֣䶯Ĳȴޣ·ʱҪһ㡣
Ϊӡǿᣬ櫵ЩҲѾˡ
ȫޣȡƿӡʱ򣬱ϵлɸ˵Ŀġ
ֻܳɹ
ͬʱŮפڣ䶯Ҳڽţõ󴫳УȻÿжһ֣ȴܳΪһԼĴ
Ȼд󲿷Ľפأ䶯ҲԲȥ£ӽıڵʱڣ䶯ʼն󴫳Ψ󴫳Լܹٵĳɳл
䣡䣡䣡
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һ͸ŷĴԺһذ壬ԺС
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Ӱͨ嶼ǽɫģ˴ʩչŸְ壬߳䶯ľ磬磬䶯ͷΧ
䶯˫Ŀգ߶ȼУļ䲻ϵаľִ֮кϹʥʵĲִпʼǾͬԴģһжԴϹʥʡ
ִں֮ĽɫӰӰҲص벿Ϲ˻ʵĴϡ
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л֪ԼǣȻΪսԼͼǿȶգ۱ʮʱ䡣
ʱεѣлòͣ
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ˣѾս۷壬ֻһ֮ңٶȣԶʥʱѷɫ̫ˡɫ˵
лоһڹսҲܲѡ

ս֮֮ǰһʵȻԾսʾ磬սһġ
ٸʱ䣬ֻ£һܹﵽ۷ľ磬һµʱ䣬ͻҲǲܵġл˵ȴҲ̫̰ϾռĻαˡ
˭Ҳ֪ҪʲôԪɢ
лĶͨȫ濪տռڣֻһˣˣ˿̵ξʹǴڡ
ǵҪˣǹȥɫ
᲻ᱻ֣лʵ
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öϧҲҪᣬյͳͳҪ͸ɾʦһˣлֹ
Ӱɳſڡ


1451  ֮ˡ
ŽɫлҲı֣ǹȻվſڣ͸϶۲
ʮȻս۷弶ľĽսʵľ磬һȹ˾硣
л̾ѣأǸʥǵĻȻܹǿߣֿʼطˡ
վڴĵɫޱȣľҵĲʼһлоεľͶڷٵţƺҪеһ㡣
ĽУεϢԽԽ
ƺ˷ǳӳһɫģγʵ壬ڿƯš
ŰСʱ֮󣬴ڵš
Ҳ۵ͨǺʪ͸ˣҲôͨ죬Ǻˮﵽޡ
һɣηٵĴӿռָóһѵҩУǼľ΢ָһЩ漴߶ȫ˫֮䣬ʹһ˫Ʊ͸ģؽưڵ֮ϡ
̡
淢̶
ЩƯŵҲ׷׵ε˫ȥƣʧ˫ϵȴɱǿ
ʲôֶΣлЩ㵡
յĶƾ磬Զʱڣûмյƶնݵȶģδʱ˿ʩչַȻӵıֻ̬Ƭ̼䣬˫ֵȻܹɱսʣһڷٵĳɳС
ͶĽϣΪɱԶʱеһΪϡַ֪ʹõӦʮǰλһǿյɱһļصַɫ͵ҪǵͷųԷӳﵽʮսʵĵزлᡣ
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лһƾĽսʵʵͨɱǰ̬ĵزҪعˡ
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Һ̬Щɫܹ׵һ̶ȣȻ޷ʹãֲεǺĸ֪ġ
ǽ̸УЩѾͳͳתεһ˫ڡ
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ȻĽսʲʩչϧԾ̫ˣ˫ƵҲֻǸոŽսʳߵʮսʻԶءɫһ˿˷ܣƺǳĸˡ
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ҲҪͳͳóҪ͵ʥǣ壬յĶϹŶ崴ǿĶ൱ģңӦɱɣûκɲʥûͶͬʱĸ֡лٺЦ
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л⡣
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뵽ɫԼɲǷĸл͸еɫһŵľ޴ƶء
õǿǴڵԪҲͳͳľۼεѹȵ۳ֻҺ廯ƣε˫֮ϡ
˫ֵٶȱʮսʵ߶ȡ

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Ҫ˵̫ˡҪ׼Ŀ׼׵
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1452  ֮ġһ
֮ģ
лһֳ嶯Ҳ޷Ǹ֮Ķѣ֮ĵʸûУɳɾܹõ֮ĵĻɵ϶֪㽫һǳ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ȻܹҵĽ֮ɲԳͨģˮȣرͶ֮ģܹͬлʧЧģõ֮أ
ξʧܲѡ
ͷļͣŵùڱõһѪ⾫ɰɡ
δӦһϯض
ȫſҡ
Ϳ΢΢һεͷųʮǰ˼һǿߣĵ񣬡㲻ǼԶʥ֮󣬵һԽʮսʵĳڣǵħħж㶯֣ѾɱҲѾʮսʼˣϧϧħħĳ֣ȥøȻõѪ⾫ɾս壬ıʮĸУԽʮսʾ磬첻ң
ЦУǹĵһ񳹵׵飬һƾε塣
л֪ԭǱħħ͵ϮŽ亦ġ
ԴҲֻܸ̾ѡ
˵İš
Ѫ⾫һؽ˿ɵеģ˼ѽˡ
鲻ԽĿɫֹܷͿɫˡ
ʮǰ˼һǿߣǴڣ˴ռ壬տʮսʵİѪ⾫һߣκһԵĸ˵
õһѪ⾫εϢԷ仯
ԭԪ֮壬Ȼܹ֮ͨԼȴ൱ޡ
һתΪ֮壬ôܹ֪κĴڣɵգõɾʱ򣬽֮۳һصռ䣬ٶ屶ߵĵزԵ֮壬ǿߡ
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˵ʹ࣬ξȻʼռ֣ûзһҽУҲ΢΢ĶѣˮȻʪ͸ȫ
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츳УԾų߾ĻᣬܶʱǸıһ˵Ĺؼڡ
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лҲǸпѡ
ҪΪ֮ĴڣǱȽģǵһԵģξǵԡ
ӵľԵлǲܾ߱ģƾɴȫ֮ͨʱʩչġ
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ããдǻۣûжߵ츳ɴ㣬ճɾҲǷǷģѡ㣬ǶԵġĵ
εлࡣ
ţұ֮ĵĻᣬɹҵսѽŷǳİҲջָ۷״̬㱾Ҳǰء
αȫԸι
֮ģذ壬ҽ۳ܷõҪԣܹͨɵô֮ģֻҪõ֮ģ֮壬Ժɾ͸Ƿעˡ
Ļ£һӡ
һɰѸٵû¡
Ϳĵ涼һɫţŨ·Ũһķš
ܣ鿴һȻտٵĻ
һĹɢȥ
Щɫٵǰйһģؾ޴Ӱһ㣬׽͸
ƽľ򣬲赣ǡɫҲлĶС
лȻҲԴ֮
ųһ
лľѾﵽ״ֻ̬һͷκųȥԼ龳磬Ҳľ֮ĺôܹһʱ̱侲Σʱȷѡ
˼ȥл˶·ڡ
ɫ״Ҳһ㵣Ϊлֻܹƶնܹڵģû뵽ȻѾﵽ˹ز
ȴ֪Ǹ߹лˡ
лͽлˣᵽϱɴﵽ״̬֮İ
лأڣһĪĸо㴫ݳʵ񱮷ĳϵΪеһ֣Ļ裬֮۵񱮽ںϡ
һблĺиֳ
ǱǹսḶ́ȻģȻлŷǳջ
Ҳʼ޵ͬľһĸо
Ӧεۼ츳лԳβһ㣬лЩ֮оûУ̱֡
𣡡
֪ĽɫҲ׼
һǵű㱻𿪡
˫档
лϥڴſڣͷϷö۱˴ӣĽɫǿƵȥֱꡣ
ɫδ䣬Ǹ˵ĸоȴͬؼƵĿֲһ㡣
ҵĻζЩʵ
ɫ֮󣬵һӦߡ
ȻδҲ֪ɫʲôĴڣǽɫĪΣ˿Ĵ⣬ʮĳϣаĲأԺԥĳˣ֤ȫ
𣡡
ɫ졣
öɫĸֶȻ·ĵ⽣ӰݡһĹ
͡
ΧͻأĳһƬ⽣ӰɢϢֹߡ
Ҫؽս壬ǲܵġɫ
˭ۼ޷ҲȶվǿߣΣУȻǱ侲
ɫشҲֻҪһʱ䣬ܹҵһ߻ߵģʶɫ߶һӲӵĹö汬ɫڣɫſڶ귢һ˻һĿӿȥꡣ
ɱңûôףߵҲ߶пܡ


1453  ֮ġ
󳬼޵дڵײһ
ɫĶԿĿﲢûжٵĴݻԾ춯أǴδܵˡ
⣬ڹ˴ײнս
ۼɫҪ΢ռһϷ磬Ҫʱڽɣǲܵġ
ҪһʱĽ
ͬлҲһıƴ˭ٶȸ죬ˣӵ֮壬л츳ߣƴľлȻռơ
Ǻųƴ֮ĵɫɵ񱮰Ĵڣطĺһɫлתȥܣ֮ĿʼлΪ
ΣΧĴ֮ҲԽԽࡣ
Ȼδ򵽴֮ģɱϾ֮壬ĻȻıںϣԾľͿʼɴ֮ĳɳŷǳ˵
ǺˣһһһγʱĶš
Сʱ
õ֮Ͽɵл͸оԼƺǴصĻƺܹعͨΪصһӡ
ͬʱҲ͸ΪǿѪ⾫ΪɵĴ֮ģʵĿʮǰһսḶ́ħħشս˯һĻ
ȹ̣ƽʱȥûʲôսʱܹ˴˼֤ӶҲһݲƸ
лҲˣʲôǴ֮ġ
֮ľǴص֮ͨγܹںϵĴڣ˵ϣʱɴ֮ȻԷԵĶҲ൱İ
Ҳло֮֮һͷ뵽˽ŵµĴ䡣
ˢ
л۾ս壬֮أ
˵ĶԴ̼䵹Ҳˣ֮ϣлʱȻմ֮ٶȣܹԵһųĸ֪սڴ֮ʮ꣬Ѿȴ֮ĸĴˡ
ս壬ǱѣͿ»عѪ״̬ǲѣôǵܣֻҪȡִ֧䡣
лõ֮ģһսһЩ
֮ģл˵ζʲôԼս֮󣬸ǸеϺΡ
ڿ޵۾档
նɱˣȵ
δӦһվ̧ͷлһ񱩾л
ȻǼлġ
ȵҪɱȻҶΣˡ
ԣɫ΢䣬ٶԣóһѷĳɱл˵ԴӼġ
Դ֮Ĵɡл΢΢һе·һ˿¶һŨŨĴ֮ٿȻӵӳлΧ
ȭ
лδ룬ȭ
ĳȻսһȭӶͿʵɫ֮ٵС
𣡡
һȭһɫĴצķɳȥȻǰӰŸۻ
μ״һ֮ͬ߷Լȫӽն
䣡
һոնǿһȭ֮£㳹׵ıǴž˵Ѫɳȥصײϡ
֮ģɵֻһȭҿմ֮սأԽս׾٣лϲĵ
Ȼ֮Ҳһ⣬ǾǱڵսɡ
лգ˴սЧͻ
лһΣ֮У˵ľ籾ŷǳĲ࣬ȭǶ⶷ܹ赲

лһţû¡
˵μ״ɫ䣬ٵĴӿռָóһö˸ŵǵ壬һڵϡ
꣡
ѡ
䣡
һȻε汬Ѹٵĸ͸棬˱¶ɻ𺣰Ĵڡ
֪˱лʧЧ
׼ЩȻɵӵнֶ֮ΣڶлЧѡ
ȴʧˡ
лӦ֮ܵĻ仯˷Ǵ֮ıΧŨصĴ֮˱ʹлӹĵطһ糣̬㣬޷ֹ
Ҳ˵õ֮ģлȻκİ취޼ɵʩչ
ž
ոմ壬ʹصλδļԼ׼͸еļͷ
ͷһͼлЦеվ
㡭ξе
лȻս߶һ±㽫Ķͬ׺ݵħ޳ײεĵҪϵΡ
ξֵҪҽУȴеԺ·𴥶ʲôһε㽫ʶûˡ
εֽţһõĿܣ̱Ĩɱʶ䣬׵ıʬ⡣
ҲڽɫԤ֮УлҲ֡
ժεĿռָȻǽɫĶԾС
ҪҪæл
ɫУѾ𽥵ȡƣɫĹâѹƵѾҪ֮ˡ
ֻٵ֮ˣɫ
û⡣лЦ
ŭ࣬ң
Ǵƣŭһȳⶼǿĳ𶯵л񶼲
ߣ֮ûлҵ顣лĵ

ɵʡ
ƥɵۻлս֮£׺ݵնս塣
νսǵ
սʮ꣬ɴɱɴصľѪûκϵܾۼ㹻սʼǿߵѪ⾫Կɽ份ѣӶعĵزֻҪеϲſԡ
أ
лӵػڵĲϡ

͸еһɾ˵ķл˫飬Ȼûסɵ˳ȥҲѪɳȥػǽ档
ҡΣȴδһ˿Ѻ۳֣Ȼ˴Ǿӳֵġ
лţ඼ܣ⻹ʥԭ򣬻ˣ»ᱻġ
ٿǵĲλãȻ㵶۶û¡
Ц
лվǽϣҡ
ߣһش
Ҳû뵽ʥǿԶΡлؿڣսٵתѾָˡ
ս壬Σ
лǷˣȻս֮ƾʮսʲԶʵ֮𣬲̫ˡ
꿴ŽɫѹƹվѷɫһЩŤͷǵһģƮǵԱߣ֮Ӵ·ҪںһȴûںϣǵȴһɫݳڣʹӲǱƵĽɫ


1454  һ̤أһ̤ˣ
лǽɫ֪ȻܹṩΪʤ
ԭռƵĽɫսʼѹƽɫĽϵҪɫɵһ㡣
л״ٶȳֹ
ˣδɵ
ϾɵսʼҪ£ˣлɣ˼ô˵ǿʮսʼĴڣпܻٵɵġ
ݣ
лȫ߶ȫս˫̤أȡ֮͵תڡ
սʹ֮ϣȻ֮ȴսƻڹɱ棬źܴİ
𣡡
һͻأĳлͷϷ£лΧ˷㸡Ӱʲôʥ֮ͳͳֳ
𣡡
һ
Ⱥߵס
лͬһ㣬ĳݣȻȺһĹӰлĸ첲֮ϣתȭͷڡ
һɫĴ֮Ҳ档
лĵ׺ݵĺһȭ
𣡡
һצķɳȥŻصĺĵ棬һ֮ǿһŸΪۻ˻
лһ죬ֵʱ򣬾֪ܻᷴͽٶޣһα㿪ˡ
䣡
ǿֲһ¾ͽˡ
лĺȻѣһȭԿóսʾǿܵģδǵ棬ûж乹˺л׼ξҪ군ˡ
ȫ޷𻵵
ǲᣬлҺ̬ڽУ޷ʹãڽɫĶԿҲ·硣
һٰʮȵת䡣
лɫҲ
һ귴ɽɫôҲҪ군ƣȲüŽ˼ս޷ѣô˭ܳΪĴ
лɡ
֮ҲΨлʥﵽػʥĵزܹ꿴аɡ
лҪ߶ܡ
ô죿
أлϵǿɫϼѾҪ壬еԡ
겻ϼȡսڵͿǵʼƺһɫĴ֮ɢ
õ֮ģлս壬ˣܹ߶ʱ˿̣Ȼ仯ĵزлҲֻƴһˡ
вУҪһ£ɲлķ
л̤ǵǰ
ȻܹлȴԼеƽɫˣȻǿףȴ޷ħޣֻ
䣬Ϳˣл̧ţһ±̤ǵ棬ҽε̤档
Ҫ֮ϵڵ߶ת
ֻҪУһļʷΪʤ
ֻս۷弶õ֧֣ܹ׼սĸ磬ɨ߽սʷӳĶ׵սôлս֮ʵǴ߶ܹӳʲôأ
лҲжϵĳ
ણ
лһ̤ǵ档
ûд߶սȴҲоڽŴʱһ˿Ӧ󷨵ٲϵطл
𣡡
ɫ״ʱһȻҲ֪лĴ䣬ֻҲû䡣
ʱлľٶɵһ˿ϣ
ʥ֮ɫβȻ̧ݺݵĳڡš档
̾Ϳš۷·̼ܵһ㣬ҵĲ֮һȥֱûء
״ɫ䣬ʥ֮Զʥµ֮һŶģ㾹Ȼõˡ
ʲôҾȻõˣԶʥҵġɫЦ
ããҵҪ㵽ʲôӵʥ֮Ρŭߵ͵Ĵ߶Ҫɽɫ
ɫƴ
ͬʱлҲо˴صı仯
νʥ֮棬մ֮һɫĹлĽѾ壬Ȼת棬ǵڡ
ȡս徫룡Ц΢΢ĲǵȻų貵Ĺ⻪ҪĨɱʥ֮ʥ֮Ҳ޷ǸոտʮսʾҵսǼȡѪ⾫ʮĴ֮ĴѾԽǵʥ֮ҵսûв
սҪĨɱǵʥ֮
ž
л֪սڷʲôֻһ춯ž͸еʥ֮·һ㣬ɽһƵ΢սĽŵ·Ĵȥˡ
źܳʱĴƴĸˣٵתһֻϵĴҲȫУʼմ֮
֮лϣ߶䣬մ֮ϣܿȫˡ
һɰĴ֮ӵӿȵĳֱлڣսϣ̼ﵽһĸ߶ȡ
սǿӲҿֵܵҼȭģܵǿл̲ס׷һХϢΪܵɫǣƣҲһ󲨶
״ɺȻô£
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䣡
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ǿȭͷ汬ȥͬʱлҲоǵڳһȻ󷨱ת
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лɲᣬ˲һٶȭǵͷҿٵĺ֮£޷ڵھʮȭʱЩſʼ
һٶȭ꣬ڵ󷨱㳹׵ıˡ
̤ڵ棬лܹĸоڵһٶȭ꣬ս徫Ƕ϶ʱܶѣǹ糤ӣȻȡսˡ
ģս壬ΪʤƵʱŭ󷨱飬ս徫ţҪǣҲڻսڵǼҪֽɫһԾ˵ٶȱɫѹȵĻع鵽Լ棬ٶȱֵΣգһ֣ôͽɫ׵ȡҲ׵
ɹڽǰ
һɹǳԽʮսʵĴڡ
Ըģķ׳˻һǱĵȻѡ
˵洢Ĵľ㱻ǿȡ˱ɶʱǿʤ
ΪȡʤѾǲϧһдۣĽ侳磬عʮսʼĿܣҲϧ侳ʲô
𣡡
֪ǽɫһžϲ
֮ͿɫͻȻöѸٵķŴգۼ䣬ﵽ׵ĳȣöҲ˸ŽӲӵĹ⻪ڽɫ۾ڡ
𣡡
ɫףȻȻζףͿĿڱصĺ档
ɱ
Ҳʾȭ
䣡
лǣǿȡʵӦǿ꾹ȻֱӸˣոյõս徫ʱ
꾪ֵĵʥ֮ʥ֮
֪Ѿˡ
ɫһ⣬ʼͬʱצһǷս徫ٵռһл˫ŵײ


1455  ɣ֮
սǳԽʮսʵĴڣеľƿ˸ģֻǱǿд߶˷˾󲿷֣ˣʣµһ࣬ɫлĽŵףȻһ֮εĸо
߶䷢ӳѾ֤ˡ
ǿǿֲս壬Ҳڻ¡
ɴ˴䣬վڴϺʮսʿһȻлҲս徫ɲʹõģжϴ˴μҪս徫òΣͻĸɾġ
л㣬οɲʩչһҪڹؼʱʩչſԡ
пջķᡣ
˵ս徫δ߷ĻᣬǴ֮ĵĻãܹʱȡ֮ӿٶȵģбΪģκ谭Եסȥ·ˡ
лԣǿشġ
뵽ǽⶴڵΣˣ֮·ʲôأǷҪĶ
һжлǿҵĳ嶯
ʥ֮ĽɫҲչֳ̬һ±㽫һԶĿɣлĸ֪УѸٵ½ʮӵĹȻŽսʵ
겻ĵ˻ţþһа취޼¡
գλʮļ׿̣òӵٶȸĻᣬûӳɥˡ
˷ǳ׵ˡ
걻ɫոɾս飬㸴ĿԶûˡ
𣡡
õȫɫҲСöٶȸֳҲ档
оΣлЦеĵ
ɫüˣǿһһĻȻԵõԶʥµȫм䡣
Ǹֻлڰ֣ǻ˵°ɣ磬϶иĶɱɣЩ
ģҲ˵ġɫ¶һĨЦݣѾԼ֪һԶʥʸҵʹˣ֮󣬱ɥ֮ʱЩ֮ĶҲûãøʱ򣬾ͻ㡣
ţ
лһ£ʲôʹɥ֮ʱ
ɫǺǣҸȥˡ
˵꣬ʧӰ١
öл棬ԾɢŵϢлȴһ˿İˡ
ɫ˵ʲôɫȻעԾеһԵ˸УѾѣɳʹҪɥҪ̬ܹܡ
ǻлûôȡ
Ѿ֪Զʥʹʲô˰ɡл뵽һֿԣǱ֪ԼʲôʹΪʹ޺
ʲôʹأ
˵лڷˡ
հհգ֪ҵʵҲ޷ӣΨоԼʵﵽʥĵزܸıһУлö鿴
ԪȻɢ
лҲûǸĿռ䣬ʩչ뿪»عڣֱӽⶴڡ
ʮʱ䣬ⶴڵ֮Ѿմ
½ٶ׵
˴֮裬ֻѾǳϡ٣ÿһ֮лЩսľԭ֮лʶƺŽս۷弶ƾлʵ߹ȥһ֮군
񵶲ͬ
˿̵񵶿ȥѾԭЩͬ
ڵ񵶷·õһ㣬ã˸㲻Ǽٵģǰһǳ̬һ̾Ѿʮ׳̣СȭͷС
ȴڲϵ֮⡣
ÿһ֮ⱻգ񵶾ͻᷢһ˿仯
ת䡣
ſ֮⣬ƶϳҪлѾʱ䣬½µЩ϶ϸĻˡ
ﵽսʼ磬ǹĿˡ
ֻ벻⣬лһ䣬֪񵶵ɱ̣һɱ䣬Ӵ֮󣬾ˡ
лҲ֪ʲôζֻǾĿš
֮ʣµĲ࣬Ҳ٣Żʮһ㣬صε·ػһ㡣
𣡡
޻˻һ߶Ȼ׹
񵶱ڵϡ
֮Ϳе֮ͳͳȥ޻Ҳһ񵶣»عػʥһػ֮ڡ
õȫ֮⣬񵶹âʢ䵶֮ϴ춯һĹâӵϷȥ
񵶵ĲеĲʣµľѾתΪ顣
ݣ
еĲ޳֮ٿȻһŲĵ飬ƺһ˿¶ʶѰ㡣
أתΪ飬ʶͺӤһ㣬һѹôͻսʽһ㣬һĹԣ׵καģתΪǿ飬һѹǱɲսʽܱġ
лֽɵͶȥ
˷ʶδ֮ǰɵֱӽУ漴лһ
һѪָȥ
ž
һξѪɵ棬ʧˡ
һְ취ɵѹѣȻѪɵϵ˱ڶʱڣܹɵڣȻ߲ûںϣҪںϣ¯
лһץɵУʱɵȻδܵõϿɣ۷̶Ȼǵõ൱ġ
֮ĸţлҲ֮ڵλá
һɢŵ籾Դ֮Բʯ󲻹ḥֱ̂Ҳһ׵ӣţţҪٶ۳һ֮⣬Ȼһе׾
лؽ
ʶȴ籾Դ֮ǳϤ滹һЩı֮󷨵֮ɢ籾Դ֮֮ںţתΪ֮⡣
أ
л̧ص̤ȥ
ս֮һ̤ȥεԲʯ֮⣬ĸɾˣһ¶޷ܣ㳹ˣҲ׷׵ıѣȥ
صı֮Ҳ֮ɢ
֮лȻûжֻһı֮ҲлȻϡ
ĵ֮
ܹ֮͸һ籾Դ֮ͱȻԳΪ֮ġ
л̽һץ֮ٵĻ۹ȥ֮ܿ۳һ΢ϸ˿Ĵڣ֮
սҪףҪ籾Դ֮֮籾Դ֮ĻϽģǾ˵֮ͬҪȻȽ٣δܹдȵĽףҲܸıսлĵƶϣҪսȫףҪ籾Դ֮ɲһģ൱ſԣ֮ȴһ˿ı仯
뵽л֮ս
ͬḶ́ол·ܿ㽫֮ɣսҲӦĵõһǿ
лȭţһ£ս˶١


1456  塾һ
֮սףȴսлܣҵһͻʯ
ʯ֮£ûбٵȻ֮ȽͣҲԳļͳ̶ȣлвһȻһȭȥ
أ
ֻһȭʯϱһȭӡ
лһȻԱ֮ǰĽɵЦ֮ǰս൱ڶ࣬սǡǶıˣ
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սΪıս֮˱սʵǿˣϱɵԼǿĶͨսʲڻ£
лԴк⡣
˵ջķᡣ
ӽⶴ߳лͽ޹˵һ뿪ˣ·رɽȥϡ
˷Ҫǰȥǵħ˼ķ϶һ˿϶׵ķɱħΣ
лع鱩ɽԵ÷ǳİûһӰ֣ԱˣҲѾ뿪ǿѾлʥǵ˽ӶߣҪ뱩ҲҪ൱ʮսʼǿߵǼǲɵ飬ûٶԱ뷨ˡ
ĵıɽۣ֮лЩ̫Ӧ
ŵϵѪѸɺԣлϡǵöʮǰһսп֮࣬뱩
һУԪ
ΪһԪѹ뵥ĴڣԼһ˵
˭
лո߽ʹһͺȡ
һڣ˳Դǰ֮󣬱ڱڿޣȡͻƾ磬սʵļ
ϣҡлЦ
֮вѾ׵ˣ
лͷ֮Ѿ𣬲вˣˣгЧ
ʱ䣬սʣӦòѡ¶һĨЦ⡣
ʱ䣬ԪŨĵطҲǴս۷弶սʣɴ˿ɼɾսʶôѣ̬±ɴ˳ɾͣǳء
лսʣҲ֪Ϊ˵ĽսϣԽսֻһЦûԭġ
Խϣһ㰴֮ǰľ绮֮ɻΪģҪǴǻ۷ͻƵġ
ҾͲˡлȥ
ͻƣлع
ȡͻơ
лǱ⻹һν룬Ŷ룬Ԫ֮Ũлһ˲оһ㣬̫ŨˣУܹԪҪ۳ˮˡ
ڰܼ򵥣Ҳ͸ׯϡ
ֻλãڷһԵЩۡ
Բ֮࣬ʥŴ׵ĸ߶ȣӰӦڷ֮ʥڿ֮С
ԪȻ棬ȴǷϵģлԣôҲûĳ嶯
ǰ
Ѿû˺˼ŵҲһһӣںںڵģûһ˿Ϣ
ˣ
лͷһ֪Ҫʮսʵǿߣа䣬ǵõʯҲֻĳɵĻָѾԾɸл൱𺳡
ɾʮսʵĳڰ
̾л˵ŬҵʯδŬҲġ
лһ̤֮ʥڡ
Ϳ̾УԪӣƺڳսʾ硣
лĹ۸УȻз֮ʥͱԪ֧֣ҪͻƣҲҪһʱģʮµδܹأ뵽Ҫ뿪ȴƳԷһţдл֡
лֽ˹ȥ
дģҪսʣлڴڼع飬޷һЩ飬һǱʮսʼĸֲѣʯδڶǣ˲ϧۣڣʩչԱбչصս൱ֲɱ൱սʵЩˣʮսˣǷ侳磬ѾΪһɣ飬ħ϶ؼʱ̣ѾӦвͻƣ˼̸ȥɱǵ϶
飬ÿһźܴĳǵڶ
а䣬޷ʹõģҪ˵ǿ뿪أԶ׼ǷʯãҲ巽벻ģ˵׵侳ûأлĵ
޴ӵ֪ԱҲ޷ݻ̫Ϣ
һԶ϶չսǶܵ˲ЩսʿԳˣȴΪܵǣֻܼӳչʱſԡ
ܹҲԱǰصǳ޵սʰˣӦǳսʵİɣ
лҲȷһ㣬Ѿˡ
Ҫȥ䣡
ֻʥʱ򣬶Ҵ壬ٵʥս֮λ£
л̽ץסսʽ
˽Դӳɾս֮ҲûнռָЯҲʱоϾѽѾͨսʼ֪ԽսʼģţܸоսʽУһİ

лסսʽ񽣶ʱһ˿ҪԶȥնɱлսʼ޻ĻתΪ޻ģֱлԻսġ
һ¡лս߶ӿսʽڡ
սʽ͸Ľ²ƺԥƽϢл͸лٻһЩ׽еá
лսʽ뿪
Զԣɵʱѹ飬֮ǰӷսʽȣǿɲһĴ
Ӳýл˷Ҳʹһ£սʽĿ£Ҫǣ˽ǾζŴűȻǳʮսʼǿ߸˶ǾѽΪǸɡ
פؾ뱩ɽѣлȫʩչٶȣֻƬ̱ɵûôͨٶȷС
һ·лɢԼħޣǵĿ̸۵ľҹҵĳ֣ԼǨ
ҹʽ壬Ϊһӣʧȥҹʥʹҹԭոս̸еƣգۼ䣬Ʋ٣뼫˵ıУΨм塣
ˣҹҲⷢԣɱл죡


1457  塾
ҹҶԼĳޣлڶ֪֮ҹұȻıԼֻû뵽ǣҹҾȻȻҺļ壬ɶ׳ܴ󣬿ҲƵ˷˼֮ϣѾǳǿ壬ٵõҹҵ֧֣Ȼ绢֣
֣һ壬׳κɵ壬Īģ׺ݲбĶһ޲֣Ƶעĵزǲǵ֣Ϊʸ֮ģ
ԽԽáлԴȻǻϲѣյ˵ӵд壬ӵм壬ӵɽӵиΪֲĺҵʥǲǿģһ¶ȥȻΪԵĿ֣꣬еĿ꣬лֵʥȥ
ȵĵĲ࣬չԼɨǲ
ǵ͵ĺô
лʱֵյͷʱ֣һЩ룬ܹоŨصϢΧĻľҲ˺ɫģɢһ֮
ҹԻǷǳӽġ
ʵĽսսʽ֣лûажĴ㣬ǹǰ
˹ҹţлͣ׼ϺþƲ˹šлվפһɽۣ֮תս䴫Բǧľ룬ϿգķԲǧڵɢ޸֣ǰǿߣԼħ޳ˮפظ£
ҹ壬Ʊɱл
˶лʥǴǰΧ˵ģ˭Ҳû뵽ҹҲŸոշԣлȻ
ϢһƵشɽ
лµһ̣Ѿ֮ĸֺħ޳Χǧ֮⣬ڹ
ֻлһʱ¶֮ɫ
ǵлĶУлֻ΢΢һЦźεĿģȣչԼͿһ壬һ壬һԼһΪԼӶһЩ͹ΣҪЩĴ
Щ˶ɢޣóûʲôûʲôЩħ޸ûǣһлɹפأǿɾ˵ˡ
𣡡𣡡𣡡
л£ŭĳХ̻ա
壬ҹ˶л֮ǣиոջѵϹų˯еǿǣǵ˿ڱɽлնɱ٣ϣΪ׵սǣǿûмǵˣ󲿷ֶǳ˯Ϲǿǡ
ĺŷɱ۳һ壬εշƾޱ䣬һŵƴ˷ӿ֣Ҫա
Ϲʱʴ츳ʴڣ
ʴϹʱеļܹŽ忹Ŀֲ壬벻Ҳˣ洫˵廽Ѵ˯Ϲǿˡ
Ҫˣǵõ˶Ϲǿ֧֣˭ǵĶ֣лΣˡ
ҿδأлֲɵϣȻ϶аյġ
аգһУʴڣδܹƽ⣬һչⱻڵһжܵѹƣ˳ʵδܹӵĳ
ڶ½½дĸǰȻҲʥǵǿߣֻûеõлûȺУȻҲǣ칬ȸǷ֣һжȡл彻սлҪЧ
һˣʵսı仯
лޱȵİ
ľѾӰ죬ǹϵǳҪ飬ҪˣŻľֲܳġ
ʴڣʴ츳
Դл֪ˣοյʴսָɱʴ磬˵ǶǸʴ츳ƳװһòͬװĻ߱ѹ˵ȻװռһжʴŽܵϵ
𣡡
פзڳһߣͷİ׷趯վ˫չ׳ХһεǱ츳
֮УƷԽԽʵ
л˫ֻб̬Ȼ˿ûֹ˼ŵսʽƺܵư㣬һĽлһҪսһѪĳ嶯лҲ֪սʽɾΪֹδһĴսսʼǷǳˬһ飬ΨдսܹģսʽԽսʼֻʱ⣬սʱ䡣
ɵлռָڴսӦõġ
ۼлȻΪʴһֱӵĸоɵôŭ˫𶯣ȵʴڣ
һεԻɽʽ״̬Ȼ֮ۡ
ԭɢѸٵںһÿһƶͬħħ͸һεɷ
˴ںϵƣһ㡣
ա
Ľڵʱ֣յͷʱ̣Բ׵ĵطǺڶģ⣬ԾյģԵô˵ɭɭģĪĿ־Уģŵȸ
ʴڣ⣡ʴ߱ȵ
žһӷдҪɱܹһ˷ӳ˳ɵս
츳νǿֲ֮
εл붯սѿ֪֣ǻսʽȻȳ

սʽûгʣһεĽֱգһ±㽫Ǹߴǧ׵ķƸˡ
䣡
ǽƣһлϣһ΢ҷƮ͸ŵӢʣһƬŮ˵ļле㲻˼ɽǽȻѣĽͬѹȽһӡ
ʱлѣҲޱȵġ
ǺƱѽĽУͳͳı飬ɢܿһָֻ
ǰɣҲ̫̬˰ɡ
ʴֲ츳֮һȻֱѾƽ⡣
л߲ư
ٶ
лЦմˣû֣սʽúõ԰һ£治֪ȫӳսʽļӳ֡
лʼƽʴ߸ǻðɣһһɱлȥ
л̽ץסսʽһ½γͨ˸ŵĹΣο͸񽣵ĸо
ˢ
лҲûʲô߶սֱսʽڣҪսʽжôǿᡣ
ս൱ڶıǰʴ޷һս۷弶ǿ߰ˣлսһˣһǼյʴǿټϱĻܹлⲻ£ʱ򣬾չսʽ
սʽжǿ


1458  塾
ʴɱ
ʴ߻Ӷһѷĳձ콣׺ݵɱ˺յնɱȥ
лνʣ˳бնȥ
ݣ
һХգһ׵ĽͻأĳڿУӹ֮ʴߵĽʱѣгǱնϣٿʴУΪء
һնΪΡ
лһ裬֮ؽʡ
ּĨɱһս۷弶ǿߣǽģһʴߵһǿ߰˳ɰˣǳʶսĻһʤ
ԭڴսΧһ͡
ѻȸ
в˿Ŀлڱɽ֮۵ı֣ʱʱлҪɱս۷弶ǿߣҲҪǿƣ϶⶷һսɵģãնɱ仯֮Ѿľˡ
ʵٵģ˿죬δ˵
ɱ֮ˣҪ
ʴߵʱŭʴǿߣһЯɷ;׵˷𵴵ƺҪһ㡣
սʣ
ʱƣԽԽǿ߳أһһļߣսʳ֮ҪƳ²Żиһսʳصģһ¶ѣдţ߽սҲһڳֵġ
ǿߵ½֣ʹ˼ľԽԽš
ظսʽл񽣰񽣣ҲսѪϴɺã
ݣ
սʽһĽ
ɱ¾
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ԭƽ͵ľսʵĳ֣ڱ仯ˣǻңѪڣһ̣лҲԼľսһսľӰġ
ѪҺڣս߰
ǰսҲٵתлս⾪춯أֱ͸죬ĺ
սʽҲ͸ȻĽ⡣
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олǿս⣬Ȼɱ⣬ʴսɫов
лսǶıһ㣬㹻սʵǿ߿ܣսʽͶնɱҲڻ£Ȼһսʸовˡ
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ΣսʺԥʩչյʴΪֲĶǱǺպϹűɱʴת
ս·ӲһҪͣҪȻͿ˫ʮָһĽûգ˴˽棬һ޴ͬת̵Ĵڣͬʱ˫ǰȻһơ
һָ۶ɵĹֱתлȥ
ʴתתս˫һţ棬ʹתټӴ
ɱ
л״ɵһݣĿ޹ʩչɱģ֮ǿǳģ˵һɱҪѺܳʱ䣬ս޷ʩչģǰʴתܹʩչģʶҲôǿɾܹսսġ
ƶն
˿µֶΣлҲûȥͨĶ⶷óԼǿĶ֮һӦԡ
ǰУлľһؼ䣬ѹսʽҲԽʹãΪ֮ն̬
ֲս߶ȥǴ߷ǿƶնսʽ˱һŵصϽϯʴת
ײ
Ǿҷ˳𣬺ƻʮ꣬ƶ񱩵ɷ˷ȥպƻڵķˮһ㣬Ƭضҡ
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սͬһٶףվΣɫȴޱȵأǾƽɫ֮ʣȻ֣һѪսʵǰ͸ˡ
ָǰ˿ڣȻأȴһսˣսĿޱȵϬ
𣡡
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⣡
չףͼתŹʣĿ궯ƣԪлĽ¶ţȥħĴڡ
Ƶ磡
лٶȫٵķӳһ⣬ԽĿ׷ĵز˵У·˲ư㣬һգ۵ĹȻվսʵǰսʽҲ֮𣬿ն
ն
˶лյභУӽƶնģҲһŵ㣬л˷һ˲ϢĹۼʩչӦá
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ˢˢˢ
ǾͿл·Ľ꣬һƬأսʼǿС

һĽײ
ˢ
ĽգۼٶɢعһսʽЮſֲսٶն¡
䣬˿սȻǱлٽѾɫҰףѪǰһѪۣңϸС˿ڣеһѳҲȱڡ
лҵһսʸûʱǽʵ̫̫ˣֻñĻӽֵ
Ľȴһµ˸ա
սʾͿлЦģȻսʽĽѾ̧ĸ˹ȥ
أ
һŽսߵıˡ
ˢ
սʹ֮ʱлսʽҲ֮նһʮ׵Ľݺսʵǰء
ѪУսʲҽһӿе䡣
ʴĸϳȥסȴѾû˺
ɱսʣлûκεͣὣĿֱָĵʥ
ҪٶȻʥ
ҹҵļ룬ʥȱҲֲܳΪӿֲʥлԲġ
ɱ
һ֣Ҫ˼ˡ
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ЩĸǷ׷׵Ŀ׺ݵĻűҲ˼κݣǵصлɱȥ
Щʮ֮࣬սʣսʣĽսʣ֣ԵĿ¡
ƾסңԶأлЦ

лһӰȫлӣŴţʹлӰȥӵĹ룬׽
ССԻ˫Ŀ֣һȺ𣬾ͿһŮֹͣΣ˫Ŀ΢գٶϼɢεɢ֮ɵлͳͳɢ
ʵлЩȺ࣬ȻǵİΧȦڡ
ͫƽ
ɱսһȣȳ֡
Ҳ׷׳֡
лû뵽ԼԺеķȻҲбȵʱ򣬻յʱ̡


1459  塾ġ
칥˾ۼɽκһսʸ˲ɱģĻᶼûС
ͫҲǰлЦ
֮꣡
İӰ٣ĽǰɵģȻлδٶںƵȻﵽ˾˵ĵز
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л΢΢ζ˵עУôƾʧˡ
ͨǵӾʩչӵгͫŮϵл
ƣȴ޷ƽ⡣
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ͫŮһ㣬Ҳǳ˯ϹǿߣϹʱһǿ壬ӵ츳
˵ϹʱһħޣΪ𣬳ͷСͷռȫķ֮ŹֵģҲֻһսʽޱȣǱɱˣһ𣬿һɽܵһ룬ܹΧɢﵽǧ׵ĵطʶħޱΪ
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֪лʲôطҲȥǣͷգſͣ˾ͿȫĶӿת䲱
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Ψ첻ƣ
лЦһƵٶȫʩչǰѾû谭ֱ߳
ڿ춯лѾȥ

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ǺһƬ⽣Ӱ׷ɱлȥ
ٶȣǿɲһ˵ķٶģһʥִȥٶȣҲǱóٶȵʮҪĶ࣬˵˵ٶһ¡
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߶ٶԽԽ죬ԽԽˡ
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һԶĶɱ
Ǻлǰǵ⽣Ӱ׷ɱ

ǰ󹥻ʱлһЦԭǰģһʮȵתΪֱˡ

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ǿıըನҲԴݿ̬˷ɢȥıЩػʥĸ֣ı൱һֱɱдֱûʵڵನͬһ㣬ǷԲǧ׵ķΧڣ֮ǱذѪɺӣҲŭ
ǧ׵лҲоҵ𶯣òʩչػʥ壬ҷⲨģɼನôĿ¡
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ŭǷˡ

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һʱ䣬ˮףףȵȴֵзӳܼ¡
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˹һ£Ƶǿߡ
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˹ԣٲصص㡣
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Ȼĵ棬Ƿڹȥȷܹ޷ʩչڲͬˡ
õ֮ڣʹл׵Ĵﵽһǳĸ߶ȡ

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л֮ͣĶͨϷŮҪʹ֮ͫ󣬱㽫ӳ
ȫʩչ֮£һ䣬Ѿӽرĵز
أ
ʥر׵һȻܱȥлеսʽֱָʥ


1460  塾塿
ʱ˿̵ֶۼھʥǧ֮ĵطȺŮʩչͫлڵµټ˭뵽лȻκֶΣܹڵ´
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ΪԾĻ˹
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;׵лҲ޷ԿģֻҪһ˲ĹôֱɳɱЩսǣɸϹлٵʥġ
뷨ܺãȴһ㣬ʥʮס
лλֻ׵ĸ߶ȶѣ⵽лֻǵȻһЦԼٶȣб߿շȥбʥȥģ⣬һڵ棬ҵĺлսʽѾصնȥ
꣡
ʥսʽǰҲͬһĴһսʽһͣûУǽʯ
лսҲ֮񱩵ӿ롣
лյභУƻµĶǵųնսʽûУߵĴ˶·ӡ
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лȻսʽ
䡭
Ľ裬ֱ͸ʥĸطлսʽʹһĺʮ׸ߵʥˡ
춯صıը·˵ģΧߵ಻ܿƵ
־壡
л˶ɱ壬Ȼǧǰݻʥһսʤ
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мʥ޸飬Ϊʥûʲô壬л£ٵʥȴǶΪ׵裬޷ܣ˸޷ܡ
嶼һֳıŭС

лٵʥһˬ֮ǰ֣ڴʦлİ֮£ҶŻٵʥӴܣһ˶ٵʥ˵˷ܣЦ
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ŭ֮ȼա
ɱлĲΪˣ˹
źɱлĲΪˣ
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ҪɱңƾǣûǸʸ񣡡лָһɸ֣Ȼ˵ȴдʱȥ磬߱ߣɱ
Ļһ䣬λפصϷһСɽӿһǿ˲Ϣ串Ǵء
ʥǺˣնҪ˵أ͸ŨŨɱ⡣
ǻҲɲǼ佫פصĵرһɵ
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лùˣȻŭδصսʲϧðŵ侳ΣճӦ
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ˣһɱչսʶۼɽаɡл΢ЦĿɽ
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˾٣ûĳ֣лûߵļҲΪлҪ߾ܹߵġ
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Ȼ߽սðŵ侳ΣգǾ˵侳׼ҲҪֺɱлģǺġ
˵ûҴ˴εĿ겢ʥлȻĵҪɱսʣʮսˣ
ˢ
һƬž
䣡
˶Ц·ЦЦ˵ʮս˿ԶսǣѾΪʥݻ٣ӳ˯չѹһлҽ룬ɱˣȻҪɱսǣǸеЦ
лɫѾƽĵܿЦ𣿡
лҪΪܹһٵʥʱսʵϣֻҪһ˲ϧ侳磬㣬ɡ˹Ц
һֻǴİɣٵսǣôһֻ䣬ΣлЦ˵
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ŭƻɽƵأŭģлնһֻ䣬ʼĺޣл˵߷ѵȥɱɱлʬΣ
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һ֣ǿҲһ
أ
лμ½˫ṳ̋ڴ֮ϣ߶ǷӡڽѾײս徫
˾ǽɫӡģд߶Ĺá
һ߶̱ȫת
˵رǱչص߽սʳ֣ʩչֹлʩչ߽սʩչϾǴתֱӾͽ֮ԴԴϵͽ塣
߽սʵɲǼ㱻顣
ŨĴ֮Ҳӿ룬̼䣬л͸оԼǿһ̬ĵز
ǳԽʮսʼĿֲս壬ڴ߶֮󣬶ܹݻ٣֪лʱﵽ̶ֳȣҲǿʮսʵܹݻս塣
Ŵ߶ս徫лҲ֣ĳ̶ȷǳ
ֻǴ߶һδ䣬ս徫˽һҲ˵»ܴ߶һδĻᡣ
ս徫ǱѰսǳԽʮսʵĴԵս壬ռģյĴ֮ɱ֮ǰյʲô֮ǿʢٱ£ǲȱĴ䣬ֻܽս֮Žսʵĵزս徫ԽʱʮսʵĵزҪáɫӰлԺи֣Ϊλ˵زԭ
лҲй뷨ƺս徫ı仯Щ̬ʱõͣŻȻ򣬡Ĵ䣿
ĴûУ֮ĵĴ䣬㲻ǴԣҲûκôɫ˵
ǲһ㽫յЩ佻ңҸʦѡԵĸȫԴ߶һл˵
ɫû⡣
ǵĽ̸翴գ۵ʱ䶼
лȻʱ߱ʮսʵȻĿǰֻʱʮսĻᣬȷġ
֮ǰ֪ҲԻԥʩչġ
׿ǷɱսʣлϸһĨõЦݡ


1461  塾
һʮսʵɣ
лڽڴһҲʲôֻǸɴĴ߶ڵǳսʱȵ
һε㻯˺һеĿֲ
䣡䣡䣡
սҽжûü㱻˲˺飬ûʣ£ûˡ
лһĻҲ΢һ£ѹʮսսʵͬлսʼ֮ս۷弶һ㣬һ棬̫̫ˡ
һ𣬱ս˲ԭ϶лһ˵ȸеԼ඼ܿˡ
лϵǳܲ˵ս
ôʲôˣ䣬һǴ߶˴䡣˹л⼫ԶҲĹעһ±뵽ãȻ֪Ϊʲô˿µΨдԽһС
һȫкɣ
л߶ս񱩵ĳսʽڡ
ݣ
սʽǿ񽣣ݶսʼһλĳڣһȫɽܳԽսʼĵز
˷õۻսʽһص
ֻǽʮ˲仯Ϊҽ𶯵ĸѪˡ
ЩΧ߼״һȻķӴܡ
Ǻ˿ֲһӳǧ׵ǣನɱ
ܿפΧΧҲ֮Զĵط
ųն
ǿߣлʩչҲȺУһ㣬ʱӵеʮսʵǵ幥ĶӳǽҲɸ׵ķΧڣȺУ֪
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һųնȫӳǻгǧ˱ġ
𣡡𣡡𣡡𣡡
Σʱ̣ЩչصսǶҪٹ˼侳ˣ׷׵ǿгأǲأһлɱȥҲһ
գۼ䣬ͿǽڳʮӰ
ǿıǳǰӰȻ壬ϸֵĻȴвͬе˫Ŀ⣬ȻͫģеϵʴеǺ
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ȫ֮⣬ֲĴڡ
Žս۷弶гʮսʵĻᣬڳɹǲٷ֮ʮģȻǷǳĳɹˣҪ֪һľŽս۷弶Ҫʮսʣǰٷ֮ʮļʶ
ٳˣ޷⣡Ϊ׵ʴǿ߱ȵ
˹˼״׷׵Ӵܡ
ܹ˶սʲϧ侳ĳأ֪лʹõжôĿֲ
ߣ˭ҲߣлţȻսʽ
ųնķӳ
ԭ̺¿ˮĽ̼仯һ׵磬˺һеҵķ裬Բǧ׵ķΧ
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һ߽սʵм˿Կ⣬ʮսʵ
ˣʴŽս۷弶ǿ߿ȵ
ЩǿгصսǷ׷׵ֳ
ǵҲǿı̬һʩչ㽫Ľǿ˺ѿſһ޴Ŀռ䣬˹嶥ڶھ󲿷ֵͳͳĻ
һ֮£Ѫɺӡ
פط·Ѫ꣬Բǧ׵ķΧڣһɽͣᣬͳͳıΪƽء
ʮսʵɻһء
ɢлȻվʮսǣеսʽ⺮²
λǿгҲ赲ģл
ʴŽս۷弶ǿŭȵԴһ˾ȻҪ壬ǳ˵Σ
Ƿ壬ǿˡлսʽںϣ֮䡣
ڣҪǿǰס
ƶն
ϵĶδʩչֻһʽͬؽϣһʱ䣬˶ҡڲ֮γһ޴йһ㣬ԲǧڵԪĻ۹ȥ
սʽǱĿĹʣͬһձлУһǧ֮
ãʮսʵȫҪ˹ǿЩߣԽԶԽãʴ־ȵ
Ļ·𺳵һ㡣
൱ʮսʵѹ˵Σա
˹˷׷׵ĳˣƴӴܡ
ʴַĴ߶֮⣬Žսʴսʻعأ뿪
õЩսҲ׷׵ĳˣǽڡ
л״Ѹٵʩչ
ĿҪǽսǶģ߽սϵĴڣǶޱȿֲģҲҪдǻ۴ܹﵽģҲܱΪսʣ˴λᣬԺδܹлˡ
Žս۷弶ǿҲ׷ױԼǿĶֳҪ赲лֲһ
ն
ǲŸոлеսʽѾԻ̬صնȥһɺ俪ء
һ֮£ڽӹĵطһɫķ϶ϯһУƿˡ
Žս۷弶ǿҲֳǵڿеֵһ֮
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˷ɲǼ䣬Բǧڵĸɽ׷׵ķһıͳͳı顣
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ԶΧҲһѪЩǲòٶȵӴܡ
սһлָƽ
ֻлὣ֣Ȼվ紵ҷɢϵζ
Žս۷弶ĴڣѾбʹʹĶѣЩδߵҲ֪˶٣صʬ壬Ѫɺӣ˹Ϊ׵һȺӴܡ
Ķ֮ͨ£лܹ׵ľ롣
ϸ£Ҳǽڵ
֮£ǽԾԶ׼ǽǿػš
лҲоӦ󷨲ǣΪһǿϢƾʧȻתƳ˵صļȫתƳȥȻŷǳֲʧǶԣǿԳܵģϾ󲿷ֵսǻڡ
뵽л㲻κεı
ǿĶҪʩչ
Ȼ޶ΪضĵӣܵлսĴ̼սʽҲ΢ĲεĽַԲǧ׵ķΧڣÿһ˶о·սʽָǡ
лҲıš
Ȼѹפأʹǿ߶е٣лսʽ


1462  塾ߡ
ս˵־飬Ϊﵽǵľ磬ǧ겻⣬ʵԽǿˣԽ
Žս۷弶ǿ߸ӦлҪӿֲһĪĿ־С
ǽıˡ
ҲҪߣֻǳ룬лҪĿ֮һϾǾŽս۷弶ĳڣһʳʮսʵģǷϹʥ֮󣬾Žս۷弶࣬ɳɾʮսȴûһͬ˳ıѪӡ׽ѵȵȣһжڱʱĲͬ˭ҲԱ֤ûһ˳ɹͻƵġ
лҲбɱ֮ĵġ
𣡡
һлϱ
ٿл·һݷŵһ㣬ѸٵķݳΧ
֮ϣԲǧڣӰֳ
ݵڱ֡
ÿһӰ·ʵĴڣɢӴӣǿֲһء
ʥɫڣ׷׵ĳֳ
лǸӰ
𣡡
Ӱĸ֣̼лѪҺ׷һ˻𣬵Ӱ׷׵İݵڿУһĹ׷׵սʽ棬ʹսʽǷĿĹ⻪
һصĽսʽ
޶+ݣ
߼ݵĵںϡ
˵ǶĴںϣлǿĵӣлڽػġ
սʽ̧һϵĽӿʹƬضʼŤ·ڼ
ƴˣ
Žս۷弶ǿҲ׷׵ıΪֲҳɵʩչ侳Ѿ϶ԱĳɻҪࡣ
л˫ĿȻһԽ֣ǽء
ǲĿꡣ
ڴڵսʵɱĿ֮꣬˭˵ֻһʮսأ˭ָ˵ûڳʮսأ
ΨнɱſܶĴ
䣡
սʽȻ¡
䣬һƬ׹⣬ɫʣЩʵǿĸҲлΧǧ׷Χڵһй⾰
ǧˣܸоɽڱһɻصһ׹Ծ˵ٶţһ콣ֱ͸֮ϣض֮еǳ飬׷׵׹䡣
ӲŽ
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½Ҳһ֮²˾ҵҡΣû˲֪ɽ˿ֲĳս
˷׷׵פظȥ
ħ޲أ׷׵
ǸϵǰһĻľפس׵ʧˡ
һ׵ľ޿ӳǰͬһ㡣
פΧɽѾݻ٣һսɽֳǺبؼ䣬˵ţлĽ
սĽһƵѸٵĴ˼䡣
ͬʱ˶ǷŨȤʧٵл˸ΪŨȤ
лһսȻɸǸȤǣлսľ޴أ
ǲѾ˿֮սأ
˿ڣôɱӶеսʽɵ֮ĶǸף
һʱ䣬˿ʼѰл
ȻҲдʥǸ֣Ҫлڴ˵жҪʥǵĴ̿ī塣
ǶںɽϤʶҲȫĿʼ
Ҳ׷׵ĳѰ
ɽһƬæµ龰ÿ춼ʮӿɽʹúɽֳδйķپ
ѰҵʱлפزԶһĸɽɽһָء
һפأɱˣҲ֪һԶ϶Žս۷弶ǿ߱ĨɱˣսĽڣδߵҲɱˣǵжߣҲ޷϶
ܵشżһɣɾʣһȻǷǳµģֱңûе侳磬ӦԵʣôߵġлŵʱսУĶͨ׽Ϣ
˵Ķͨ޴ɵĿܣϾʱʮսʵУҲƺܹһЩģӰġ
лоõֻڳʮսʼ޷϶ǷܵӰ죬ɲΣʣȻµĽҪԴС
һսлޱȡ
սĳɼ˵ޱȵĿֲлϲɵӰ죬ܹʥ˶Եǿ󣬴Ӷǿߵļ롣
ɢǳģвǿߡ
оһЩʴһ㣬ǰΣΪ˲壬ʩչֶΣ˯УϾϹʱֵֹǧ򣬵ٷ֮ʮŵĶѾˣвпռ䷽泬׿ʵģʶҲȻһЩϹֵġ
һǹŽǰġ
ǾͲԼԸģ˻ӡҪ˷֣Ӷȳġ
˶ٱѡʱ򣬿л˷֣ѡǸ
ЩεӰ졣
ȻһлĵǣЩϹȻϡ٣ܹɨκһʥصģⷽҲҪСĽԴģܹǵĻᣬսֱȻøӸѲ⣬֪ܽս¡
һ죬л״̬۷
ս徫Ȼˣһεʩչᣬȫĸɾʣһ㣬
лҲ׼ʩչλˡ
ȻԵħ϶ʱʹõģڿʼ׵ȥǴȺȺĸ֡
ָ״̬л˼ʲô
һɱʱصظӦһ±ܹظоʵٶȣҪͻƽսʣлܹжϳҪ㼸СʱҲżع鱩
ȥ˹л˼ȥȥ
ʱ˹һЩӴܣһܵأӦ׼õĲ֮л˹˿ûŹ
Щ࣬Ϊֹֻ֣˹Ϊ׵Ĵһٶ˽Ƭ򣬰лжϣһٶӦˣǺĸĸ֣ЩǿǶ˹˲֮زԶĵطͬڡ
νߣ˼ˡ
л⣬ʰ׵ҪͻȻԺһ˹Ƚһڵط˵ģĳԺУ޷ĶͨɣܹģӣѾ൱ˣЩģӰһͬлԺУǱǵüĴƺһ޵ĺ˿߰ĺۼ
üкۼлǱնɱֻ۵뵽˵һλʥʱ򣬳ֵǸֲ


1463  һ
Ǹòĺɣл˵ǿĴ˵屻𣬲һʣһģȻٶ𣬿ѪҲпܵġ
뵽ֻ۵˹ЩüһߣȻûпֻ۵
л뵽˵㣬;˹˾ٶ⣬ȻΪֻǰȥǸܵأ˷ûбѡУȻԭġ
΢ıһòʩչʧɽڡ
ʱĺɽ˵쳣֣˳ûħ洦ɼѰлӰ
лҲʥǷϵñ¶Ŀꡣ
Ŀǰɽ»ΧϾıҲӼɵˡ
˹ڵλãԼǾפʮĵطƺԶл˵ֻһĹɵġ
һǧ׵ĸɽںɽͨĸɽлһսɵĵò仯ֵʮɽ߰ǧ׸ߵġ
лͿһˡ
أ
лױ֮ͬǰɽۣ֮ɽ֮Ŀлı֣ضлսҲǿġ
л˵Ĺ۸л
ϸ磬þòˡлʯС
ڹ۲˹صĸɽ֮ڵؾ߶ȼУһ죬һͷһлȻװı䣬صĸоȴûб仯лα֣ӡ̫̣ܹȴ
ϵܣŶл١ؽĵ
ϸ粻ˣҲһ㽻飬Ҫ鱨ءлЦ
ذһ
ˣϸʲôл֪һֱںɽɽڵκһطޱȵϤܹ⸽֣Բ޵ķʸģԲŻдһʡ
ü¶һ˿ԥһſڵл٣˵Ҵʥǣ֮ǰܾҪõͷټʥǡ
лԣϲϸ룬ȻӭҪʲôͷ
ذֵл֪ΪǸȡβѣεĵΪҺлһɽл˵һЩɽڵ飬Ա֣֪׷ɱ
ѹ֣
лЦɢҲɢ޵ѴʵǿΣڴУȻֻһˣҪɱ̫ˣ֣׷ɱܹΨѡһõӻſԡ
ȻʥѵѡǴ»Ϊ͸¶ϢлģʥǷô˵ҲҪչһģһݴԺʥٲڻҵˡ
սʾ磬սҲʱ̣ս˵ڻңΪ
ϸ类׷ɱҲҶдһţϸȥʥǱǡлҲɴ࣬ôضһ˲ţԺ֣жյЩ֣ܹϴóġ
شϲлл
лǺ֣Ӧźܲһʶɣʥżġ
Ҫ˵֪治࣬Ҫ˵֣棬Ҹұ֤ΨĲ֪ܣδһظ˵
ˢˢдһţлأŶϸ綼֪Щʲô
һָɽɽһƣ˲֪ȴ֪
ʲô֣

˹˽ɽлһԼĻɣصĻ϶Լƶϣϸϸ˵
һ˼·˵ϹʥϹʥʳΪ뵱ʱʺ͵ħħԿ·ҲǺɽصĽ֮һĸڣұѰҳķȻͶʥǵģֻϧޣδѰڡ
лȻ
Ҫ֪εʵϹʱϹʥʺ᲻ϵ׷ɱҲʼûҪ֪Ϲʥ֮ĺƿ˼еܹ׷ɱ£Ծûûжô¿֪ǰٶǿ𣬿˵ĳɳκ嶼޷ģǵԣǱ֮󣬶ǷǱѰġ
һζʲôأ
лٴҲ֪һΪɡ˹˵
ϹʥеԳģΨ壬ΪӵǿܹϹʥʶԿ
Ȼʹ塢岻һġ
ԷģʼգҲû˳壬ܶ˶ƺΪ壬ʵǵȷк忹
ûһ塣л
лٴҲ֪ʵǴһתΪİɡ˹˵һ𺳵ʵ
ת壿лԾ
˹ͷȷˣʱڵļһǳǿļ壬ǼѪӣڣ֪ʲôֶΣϴѪʩչϴͨе˶߱һǱǿֻۣγѪУӲƾһ֮һתΪһ壬һеԭڡ
֮ǰģͼЩ˹˵صֶüļһϸߣͬ۾δһ㡣
л˹ĻЩˡ
µôȻܹЩ˿ֻ۵ңʵǣӶٶ׳Ŀܡ
֮⣬㻹֪Щʲôлʵ
紫˵µǶ֪óʵǽսҲΪʦɾǿģսɾǿϹʥʣŻܵģӶܿսʿģҲ˲궼ôģɴóʧˡؼ˵Ҷ϶ڣȻ󷨣󷨶ŷǳãһ˵õĳЩ츳Ҳתɱ˵ģȴ̫
漯ߣ
лԾˣҲһǳµˣ̶Ѩ
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1464  
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1465  ɱ䡾һ
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1466  ɱ䡾
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ɫһǽ٣п˼类ʱ̣


1467  ɱ䡾
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֮ǰƺҲ˵Ķһ֣л˦˦ͷԼڵ罵٣ֿʵʵӵġ
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ԭﵽػʥ֮л·ӣŷǳµķͨĸ־ȫһ޷⵽˺ģһѪļлͷ֣ӰʼȻķ仯·渡һɫ̾УʹǷõһ
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УǵɫĽӸһֵͣȻɢӰˣػ֮ܵı򶼸һĹӰֻǻػ֮ܵıԵţһƽɫͼƣ棬ʹػ֮ܿȥӵƯ
лȴ֪ػ֮ܺ͵ɫĽӷõ൱
ɢѪҺٷڡ
Ѫ㱻׼ˡ
лֽţܲѣ仯еı仯ڷ濴ĳˣҼǵúħѪõ֮Щ̵˱ԽеħγӵѪĵħģ̶ͷõӦѪ֮ǲҲأ


1468  ۴˵һ
ܽıսȻǺ£ֻ뵽ܱΪģлЩŤܵ˵սɱۺûҪǿĶࡣ
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Ҳνлʼ磬Ҳ̫⡣
ǰܵѪõαǣλǰ״̬볣˲ͬħ壬ķǿģӵѪҲ޷ģͨ˾߱ʹѪܻ˫ѡɫ͵
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ŽɫлҲٵʲôΣˣϾһϵĶػʲô֮
ڵרѪһط
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һͨѾݵӣѾ൱һʱ䣬Ҳƻˡ
лʩչ鿴һ£ͨĵطȫĵ󷨱׵ƻȻûʲôô
Ǳһͨ
ͨҲţ֮ǰǸѪ󷨲ͬǣƺҲܵĳ̶ֳȵƻֻɢһЩ˸ŵĹΣеת󲿷ȴѾˣЩһЩ
ʲô󷨣лʵ
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лǶˣȻǵˣɴĳɾͣǳ뻯Īˡ
ľҺ̬ģһڽУлǷԻԭ󣿡
Һ̬ɽףлİױȵġ
ָܹеļ䣬״̬ﵽ۷ʱ򣬻չؼָܹ꣬󷨡ɫ
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лϲһҲ԰
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ܹǰ൱һʱģĻܽ󷨴
ȻܱڶУΪĸڣǱȻŷǷõģϾ֮ߣܹĸ߼󷨶ϰֵģµҲְˣȻġ
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գۼ䣬ɫͨڣǽеŶܵĽӴ
һĨӲӵĹ⻪ӽɫɢ
貣͸Щڡ
ԭѾˣ޷תŷ׷׵Ź⻪ͷųһ˿˿
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һиǾ߱ųǿľͬһ㣬΢ĲţлľڣӲǺڽеҺ̬
󷨵壬нɫӳ̼лҺ̬ʼɱ䡣
ἰɱ䣬лҺ̬ȻǷǳǿģͬһΪɱҪɱ䣬Ǳſԡ
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ÿһһεлҺ̬ʮΣҺ̬ӲǺƱɿˣ͸Һ̬ڲ
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ҸоҲӵ˶һ㡣
˳ԼӣɫͣӴСЩԭͲȱѣֻǰҲ׷׵ĲƣԭŶȥ
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Сһ׳̵Ľɫ״̬ȴ൱ı
ǳ׵ıϵˡɫ
лԴҲ˼׼ѯʵʵܹƶϳҵҺ̬ɱҪ𣿡
֮ǰҺ̬ɽףҪҵʱ䣬ҵĹ۲죬ٶȵõһŵռ䣬һǵСʮսҲǲܣĻҺ̬ͻʮսʲܹɡɫ˵
ҲдСֵ֮ġ
䶯죬֣ǶǴһлǧСĿǰΪֹл޷˱
أл
Žսʣܹɱ䡣ɫ˵
л۶ʱ侫⣬˷ܵغ̫ˣ
ܾŽսʱ߱ʮսʵľҺ̬ģʱԿƾŽսʾ磬նɱʮսʵǿߣϾľҺ̬ģǾͱͨʮսʵľǿʢͬսͶĲ࣬ʥλսʥλĶƴ˭ܻʤûκġ
Ҳջķᰡɫп
Ϊǿд߶󷨵ܻľ޴ģҹ㾫Ϣƺƶϵǡǡ෴лҲ˽ɫı仯
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лһ
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һȻһأ˵ʮսʣǾŽսʣҲģܻһ߲л꣬͸󷨣ôԺǾͻ߱Ļ᣿
ˣܹ֮Ϲʥʺͳ˧˼ȫ׷ɱ£ܹԽԽǿҪáл
ӦˡɫͷӦģǶսǶǾܵռһЩлģȻع˵أڣЩл̶ָ˵Ȼ˷ֹӦǵʱĶǳ£޷ƿʹе𵴲ݻˡǰͨǰҲѾطĵط࣬ҪʹѰһδܱݻٵĵط
򵥡лһЦһţʧӰ١
˵أʩչĶͨδ˹˵Ӱڿݵĵط֪Ҫõġ
Ѱҵ߰˴طǱƻķǳ󷨣޷ʹãֱھŴΣǲŽһ󷨵ĵط
˵طǳĿ㣬ԲǧڣģƺػţǸð棬һŨصѪζ


1469  ۴˵
ѪζأԷյĿռڣ֮ҪŻµĳ嶯ͷѣΣģܹʹȥ
лѰѪζȥӳһƬ˵ʬ塣
Щʬ廹ðѪЩѪҺȵģȻǸõģлǰƳЩʬϹͬص㡣
ÿһüıġ
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лܹ϶ǵݡ
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лȻ֪ж˸˹˵أɿԼеи˹ˣѾɱˡ
ѸٵĲ˹ʬ塣
Ѱȥȴû˹ټƺûбɱ
ǲǳʲô⣿лʵ
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λᱻɱлǵ˿ڣͳͳüļ䱻ģȫҲûƣ඼ġ
Ӧɫ˵
䣬ȻǵһתΪڣϴѪͬʱ߱һ
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ν壬ȻǶֻ߱۾ܹһɱ䣬ѾѾõ֤ԲֲǣȻҲΪԺʱֻǺ屻壬ķġ
Ȼõ֤ôҪЩӦǾ߱һѪĸ֣ôǾһõģܹǿֻۣӶ߱屻ɱϵ
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Ӧûκ⡣ɫ˵ҽ͵Զ֮ǰܹʹǾתʵΪѵʮʱڣÿ춼ɢʧؼһЩл꣬оͰһ߲л꣬ݺ٣ǵֻ߱һκֻһۣܸ֪û⣬ҵĸоû⣬Ӧòдġ
㻹õһ߲лꣿлȻ
ɫЦǰǰϹʥɱ𣬵ûȫɢ͸Լ׼ֻǴ󲿷ɢʧϹʥʣһȴûʥ棬Żһ겻ǱҶ𣬽зǳϡٵһ˿л걻ɡ
ô˵ҲõҶһЩˣл
ȷʵˣұҪȫҶ꣬ڶĳɾ̫ߣҪõеĶ壬ֻϧֻͨʹµһЩǿģ󲿷ֻӷֻмɲǷռ걻ҵõɫ˵޾ĵյĶκθ߼δ޷ƽ⣬ΨɲǷռ嶷ȴʼûаɲǷʱҼԭⲻĸֳ
ԭҿĵڵҶصѣҶ崴ɲǷڰлаңͷԼɲǷߴ˵·ۿ֮󣬲²ҷġ
֪ɲǷ壬ҪԼȥģͺÿ˶һ켣ȴȫȻͬлȥģҶɲǷֻƶƣΨдԼɲǷܹ
Ȼܹ϶û⣬λΪʲôû˹ʬ壿лĿ¶⡣
󷨣Ǵ俪ʼģȻչĵֻڵı֣بеĴʦһεİǾܹۡɫ˵
лüëһʲô˼ۣ
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ϸһ£лֻҲйһЩսƺȷͬɫǰ㡣
ˣͫѾǳˣͫ˶ҪĶ࣬ҹħֻͫһ벻ĹأȻǹϵĶͫˣȻͨġ
ۣҪȫѪ߱ǳǿȻֶμεһļʻۡɫ˵鿴һЩʬѪڣǷѪɫ˿״ڡ
л̲һ飬ûУûС
ͶˣκδܵѪǳǿһѪḡֳѪɫ˿״ԼѪҺڣͬȻûУͱڵѪͨǿб˳ˡɫ˵
˼˹л
ͷɫԲм٣ΨĹϵſ֪ܣҲµĲЩǰҪڵѪõģѾݻˣǸܹѪ󷨾˵غε֮ԶǵʶУΪҲѾݻ˲ǣȻЩͼѪˣ˹Ŀͨ󷨣ȡǵѪԼ仯ΪѪȻǵ꣬ΪУ˹ս۷ľ磬ȴɾ߱ս۷ۼʾͻġ
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ʮɣɫԥ˵
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ɫɹˣȻûǱȻǳɹˣ֮߱ܣǲܾҳ˹նɱԺͽľˣ۵İ˹ؽɾʮսʣ


1470  ۴˵
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л֪ɫһ˿۵Ϣ۵˽⣬ǲ֪۹ࣿ
ҿô׵ĸ㣬֮ǰе˹ĵõҪѷɫһЩɫ˵
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õҲˣȻóһĴడδѪӡʱһһҲĴζѣѪӡ˼ĸʮֹԵһĴҲӣһ߰˴ҡ
л˵ԭȻֻͨ˵Ľɫߵ˴ȴ࣬˷ǰǾģȻĻԼñһˡ
лԼǱȽϿɵġ
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۵Ĺã֪ɫ͸һ˿пķչԶԶҵ൱еǿߣ䣬ȫɳ۷ʱ̣δбʤİգǱϹʥɱĳɾ;Բҵͣ۱һִģܹչȥΪܹŽǰֶˡ
лϴûпڡ
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֮£Ҳֻ÷ء
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л̾һֻԺһᣬնɱˡ
ɫЦѪڵõʵһѪҵԼٶҲõٶȻһճԽ˹ģҪɱЩ鷳ˣϾֲ̫ˡܣҵţһ԰㽫󷨸ȫӡȻٵ
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Ӧⲻ󷨿ɲǵɽڵģǵһЩ棬ȻЩϱǿзɽڣĴȥͬɽڵ̵һ㡣ɫ˵ҽӡȻЩȡ֤ЩŲ𻵣˽ǸܹҪͫģʥһҹħ壬ͨɱĻܹõ൱ҲԵǵ츳֮һ仰˴󷨣ʥս߳ɣһǿȡ
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״ο˻ʤ⡣
ڽɫæµʱл鿴ܣֱ󷨣Ǹ֮⣬һ󷨣ȥӵĸӣ󷨻Ҫܶ౶ұӵΧʮ׵ĵطãȻչ˵ġ
ܱ˶ԴӦø󡣡л˵ǿѯʵĳ嶯ûȥŽɫʩչ鿴
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һػ֮ڵĿ޻ЩãȻվ΢ѷɫ޵ģûʲô֪
ʲôл
޵ͺһǽرħйء
лŤͷ鿴ŽɫƿǽƺҲһ˿˿ɢ
ְǽ棬һսӿȥ
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УǽڵȴһɫСӱã滹һ֣һɫͼƵĺӡ
ɫͼƵĺӳ֣ǿ޻궼궯
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꣡
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һŨ֮֮ܰ꣬޻꣬ɫ¶֮ɫʼմɵڣδֹĽӥƯ˳ͳ˻ҪȥӶɫڵĶ


1471  ںϡһ
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ע⣬˷ܵرѪ
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֮ػ֣֮·ʱʾļ
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лüëһһƺɲġ
ܹΪһǱȻħ౦ϵĴڣ֮ҲԶ׼ġ
ֻȴδ˵û˿ӦǷ·ͨѪѣɿ䱻ӣҲǷƷ
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޻ͽӥ궼Ǽصͷ飬Ҳ޻ܹ꣬壬ȴ廹ҪµģǶ¶Ҫ飬¸ͷû˭Ըȥʵġ
ûãʮ֮ѪҵҪ󣬸ðɣǸ֮󣬶İġɫҲЩĽģֻϧļ̫ߣԶ֮ѪԴﵽҪģҪԼܹʹ
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Ȼʱ֮ǰʱಢûзָ߼޻Ϊģʱ鶼ؼȻɵˮֻǴַڰǰʱʧˣҿĲִмУȷַɫЦ
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Ըʥǣ
ҲԸ⣡
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СȭͷС֮󣬽ӥȻһ춯ص˻ȻŴһɰ㴫˳
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ԭӥĽɫƯһ㵭ɫĽͣøӴͬʵһ룬һĨתţǴһ˿ӵķƸֵ㣬צӸɱΪצļ󣬸˺оһ˫۾˽ɫġ
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1472  ںϡ
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֮ѪǸ֮ǵǴ㿪ʼǻлöħ޵óһöռָǷС
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ġɫҲ¶֮ɫû뵽ھȻӵһ󣬡Ҫʮս۷弶ϵܹҲԭΪֹƺѾûùˡ

лһҵɵ񵶶ѾõǳĵزɱΪ飬ѾҪô¯սʼˣֻҪ󣬱񵶳׵ںϣΪսʼ񵶡
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ҪϿɵˣʵǳǿ󣬲ܹһ£ܰ׳ġ
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1473  аżһ
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ңлָԼıӣǲ⣬ؿϴμ棬ǰأйء


1474  аż
ؿ𣬲Ϊؼҵԭ򣬸ΪʦлԵʣϾĵСħʥǵõرչˣһֱڰУߵľ磬лûаĽӴֻΪСħãΪүүȻҲ׽ࡣ
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˼УһľȻϷҲ˵ע


1475  аż
еĿⶼˢˢͶϷ򣬵аżڴԼһǧ׵ĵطǸλҲվˣϾǰɽʵ̫ˣǧˣÿۼĶʮңԲڼˡ
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ɽսаʲգϹʥһսаʵ¾˵ʮսʵͳͳɱվȻû˯ѵδμӣش˵أػаʱصģ
һûûлоûô򵥡
ʩչճĵط£Ҫһֱ˯ĵطǸʲôӡ
ѸǱ
лҲĸ֪ڿռ巽Ѿﵽһ߶ȣǿأӦúѶĸоġ
ǱУлͿһ˿ǵ·
ſһ˿ȻһǣȻֻһ㣬ɴȴǳˣлһ;׵ĸо·һͻᱬκ˰
׵ĻǣлǻǴǰɹ̷ǵݣ̽ϲһ㱾Դ֮𣬸ǣһ㱾Դ֮壬Դ˺ϤԲġ
лһǷɳ棬洫һľ
ϴӵ³
ΣлֱӵԶһɽ֮ۡ
˵ͬˣǾаżڴ൱ľ룬˱Ƚ٣ʵһЩ
лվڸɽۣ֮¹
һ۱㿴ɽƺĻǣȻ׵һǣһطĺǹħ˳˯ĵطҲʱðһǣ˾ʴ˯ĵطҲлǷɳ
Ϲǿ߳˯Ķйأлǰɴжϣڿƺ֤һ㡣
ҿżƣƺյѣ׵һ
ĻǴңԶĵطƺǣŷҪǻƺܹӦһ㣬ͻȻ٣ܴﵽл㵵ĵز˸׷ϣˡ
𣡡
һȻը졣
л˳ԴȥֻǲңԶıɽĻǾۼȻתΪһö۳ĽɫЩƣȥʵֻһȼţצֱӷǱɽ֮۵ıڡ
Ѫ
лͷһ뵽һֿܡ
ͳһ㱾Դ֮˵ʵ˼ĸֶһʱ϶ģΪǴķѪɽȴǱ̵õ֮ˡ
ֻǲ֪ı仯
𣡡
һ
аżĶγһ·ţϷҲһаżͬһ֡
㶼ǻ۶ɵġ
лŻǾȻ۳һҪһζŸһˣħ˵ϰ˵ģֻһǣȻҲһһ˵ģ˶ĻǣζŶϹǿѰ
̾ͷ۵ͬʱһһаżϿա


1476  ֮ŭ
ҡװβķԪҵķϵһ㣬·ķꡣ
ǻ̽צץ޼ɵİڶβͣģڿз
Σ·һ㡣
ԪȴǷǳľңлеһ˿ĪӰ죬۹ȥϹĦţţУһлԺ

ǵһһչһֶ壬Ӷòͬ˿ܹĦԼĲͬ
һͨлɵþһϸĹ
ֱûô򵥣ԴõһĽֻͣҪΪһԹ߱á
β̽צ
һĶڶţԭֵȺͣЪ׷¶еĿעš
ǻÿ˵츳ͬ򵽵Ķͬȴǣиȥˣ׷׵̧ͷţС

лֻǹۿһͷˡ
ЩȷǶܿϹʱǿ󶷼ֻϧлУЩ
ѪӡԵʣ֮ǰ꣬ѴﵽսʼǺȻľͽҪڶ棬ԵƶԻ͵ʱ۶ϹʱЩɶֲʱҪһεģлʱ޵еĶ
л񣬿ܡ
ְһļŶ·ľٶвĪļһ㣬ȻҲǿĿܲѣŸһĨΣǼġ
һʦȻʦְҵһε´㿪ʼȻһЩģڲģҶֻ֪ûеƣʦȻҲ˷ܵزϵ趯ʦȣƺʲô
һͷħ۷ŹĶţϲϵƺҲʲô
һеһж·ڸлγɣһ˯߲ѣǷġ
лҲûȥţֻǾؿš
뿴һѾڽ뱩ȥѰǡ
أ
ѵзѪĴڣûеĻֻʲôأǷаżڵĳλйأ
лҪŪ⡣
ʱţ츳ߵͿʼֳ
һֹͣǶЩ츳Ե͵ģ²˾ͷǳϡˣȴʮиһˣɢоȻʮ˻ڲУлɵþ̾ɢжţ
ֹͣҲͣ
ڸ߿ţ
˻
ʱһ˻Ȼаżڴ˳лҲͻ񶯵ȻŤͷȥ
аżڹâУ
ֻǸ˵ĸоǣ·аżڴĳλǳµĴڣ˻ƺһôһЩƶȡ
˻ͬʱգаżϿգ˴˵Ľ裬
лʱٶȳ
Ȼһ˿Īĸ򣬺Ҫչֵռһ㣬һЩ޷ݵĸо
˻
һ˻аżڴ
ԷһӴβһ޴ԲȦ
ˢ
һĨҫ
ʧһĻȦ
лҲ֮Ͳһ£ԺƾոֵöĿռڣҶӰʮʼϵḶ́ϣҲֶںϡ
ɲǷİ壿
յĶȫںԼ壬ɲǷ
˴ԼɲǷֶΣлûʲôĸӵ侲ͷԸӵΡ
󽥽Ļֶ
һֶΪ˭һΪ죻һΪХ񷣬ǰȭʽеǰֶ
ֶлԺоͻǱ˴˱Դͨϵ໥Ľһӵı仯У໥ͬһ㣬Ҳ˴ںϣһĶ
ֶںϣ
ںͨ޶ںϺƣ˵ףлܹѸٵĽֶǸֶ޶ںϵġ
ںֶ֮չֳľһָΪֲĶ
УǸ˷·ᵽһ˿ΣУ·л˾һͷݷѣſצչֳ
𣡡
лȻ׷һ춯صĳХ
Х·𵴵ɽҵҡΣһѺۣ𶯵ΧһѪɳȥҲѹǹ˵
һ˲䣬˶еĲ
һɢ
л͵õһѪѾһ˿˷򣬸ͬΪһ㣬͸ͬеѹһ㡣
̼䣬Բڵħ޶ڵء
඼һҪĤݵĸо
˵ĿҲˢˢͶݹȥлҲǸеΣ͵ģ˵ıҪ͵Ѱ
Ȼ޷͵Ǿ͸ߵɡ
𣡡
лٶ׷һĳХ죬·ĻΪһڿն߿һϲ˶ݶƶն£ôǰʱʩչ˶Ժɵʩչս׷ӳģϾսʱû˭Ըʱ䷢ӿֲģʵԸǿ
˶ҷ·ΪΪ֮ŭ
߿գδʩչǸոĶǾĿתĻȦ
˿̣ǻȦ½аżС
Ȼаżŷ˹עڡ
лһ壬׳Х̤նȥת˲ʧ˵֮УиҪȥаżûлһ̽ˣϾɱħͨ϶ΪҪ
ʧУѸٵķڡ
ع֮лͿѾֹͣתһƯڿУһץ
ಣ
С
񵶣л̷񵶵Ĳͬսʽͬûзâ¶͸ĵէȥ·ͨһ㣬Щɫĵ׺ǾȻͣװεġ
ֲͬ˰ɣɫЦ
ţܲͬл
սʽͬУһ۱ɿͬ
ΪѾԽâ¶սʼزﵽߵľ硣ɫ˵
ˣ
лһڸɬҺֶزһ£أ
֪սʽΪսʽڵĽ黹δȫһĽ׽սʽҲǳԽսʼ񽣵ĵز
ֱӿԽսʼĵزȻӵĿֲлɣܹնɱ߰˽׵սʼǿ߰ɣ
Խսʼʲô𣿡лʵŶˣӦһľȵĲŶ԰ɣԽʮսʼľʲôأ


1477  Եɡһ
һֱлʮսϵľЩã˵ԶʥʿԽʮսʣԣЩңԶĻôȴԭ򣬲űɱģǳԽʮսʵĵز
нɫûеõȫļ䣬ѾȷǰɱĴڣֻǾ֮ͣȻʮսϣо硣
ֻҲòԾĵط
ǾǼȻУΪʲôֻԶʥʺͻˣ
Ĳ˵ѵֻôȼͻӦòǰɣϹ˻ʣϹʥʣһ֮ţһûͻƣƺʷϼУǶʧġ
ȷ˵սʼʼȼԵģʥյʥյսʼյսʼֻΪѪӡıϵԭȼΪλλλģΪľͻƻֵģΪѪӡȫĨˣԲͳһΪʮȽ׵սʼʮսʼϣоġɫ˵
лоǿ϶ģȻԶʥʵͻƣֻǵʲô磬Ϊʲôгҵ˵
ɫҵļ䲢ûȫ⿪ӡƺҵʹŽܵϵ
ʹнϵ
ʹıйصġ
Ȼйϵǲ˵˼˺ͻʮսʣһͻƻҪңıŹ
һеĴ𰸶ҪΪṩ㹻֪ˡл˵Ҫṩһǰۻ꣬Ĳ֪Ҫʮսʵܹأһǳ鷳顣
ɫֻˡ
̽ȻԸģл㲻ȥ˼Ŀ棬ǳԽսʼĴڰ
أ
л̽ץס񵶵һѪĸоȻҪ񵶳֤
ͳ顣
˿
лһ£ɫô£
ƺʵ̫ɫ
ʵ̫
ս۷弶ʵȻΪʵ̫񵶶Դӵڰγ
ле㲻߶սε
սβ
ս˿
ųսԾɲ
ʮҾͲˡл߶ȫսƾսǳԽıӲҪ񵶴ӵڳ
ȫ
лȫˣսԾ˿·𵶺͵ʾһģŵġ
βôãлƵķֽ񵶷ڵϡ
꣡
ûðͬʾȻͬжһ㣬ɵûǼӲĵ档
ЩƵл״һ㶣漴񵶣ȥɽڣսûãûãͺëᴥһ㣬Ϳ񵶷·ˮһ㣬ֱӾĨɽڡ
ɣл㵵
ʩչΣȻ糣·񵶵ĵʶ߱ױȵķ̶ȡ
սʽ飬Ȼսʽ޷ɵĵز
л֮ǰǽսۼУҪ鵶ʣǽսڣҪǸʲô

սӿ룬𶯡
һĨȻ͸ʱ
꣡
ӹʮ׵ľ룬Ĩɽڶ͹ĴԼ׵ʯȻնӣʯ;УҲ֮ƣ顣
˵лʶ񵶵Ŀ֮ˡ
սʽڽڣͬǿĽɱΣԶԣƺԶûô̬
л߶սͬʱ뵶֮ڡ
õʣҪ֤һ£ǵΡ
ͬʱ
ǵʮף߰ףبɽڣ·쵶һ㣻սʽͬݺᣬҲκαҪȻʧɫģڵǰԵЩˣͬսĽȻֻжʮңȸֻҡ
Զ׼ġ
أ
лߵһͨǰʮ׵ľ룬ͨݵģл˫ƽۣսʽĽʱȡ¡
䣡䣡
ͬʱ
Уͨǿĵ£
л𵶽鿴
һ֮£ߵ̼񵶾ǴŵʣǵɵƻҲսʽĽһЧɴ˿ɼҪսʽǿʢֹһ㣬ǵʣȻ;ףսʼܱȵġ
лɵЦ
ɴ񵶣ؽܹսõһս۷弶ʵ϶ĶԼ׿ٶȣ񵶣ɱս۷弶ǿƺҲûпܵġ
޷ǨɫֻǽӡҲǿռָؿʥǣܷжϡ
лδݻ١
δֹʹãлҪɫƣƾɫǾʮսʼǿߵԹ˵ģҲԿֹʹõˡ
лʰ׵뿪
ûǰȥаżֱ
ƶϣѾҪˣ飬Ƿʱȥаż̽飬Ȼȥħͨ϶
лϵʱȻӱ߳վɽۣ֮ңԶ̬Ȼ
սʣ
ޣͻƣսʵľ磬һֳܱģսһ֮ĵزȻгɡ
лǰսʽ׸
ӽ֣лȥħͨ϶ɡ
վɽۣܹ֮аżģ˵ֻһܣħͨ϶ؼʱ̣Ǳ뾡ȥݻ٣ȻĻ̵ܻĸֿٷ϶ħǿ߽˼ġ
лֻ÷аżһǵħͨ϶
ǲ֪صģͨʴװȴǿԸӦĳһóٶȣһǷԵģٶŵ㣬ȫɳۣ⣬ԽɽӣֱңԶĺڡ
ǲǵõ˷µл뵽׻۶ɵս뱩վ̲סѯʡ
ǵȻ֮ϸһĨЦ⣬һΪܹסء
ԼˣֱڿġлЦ
˭ԼˡƮ𴦡
лչȥСǰ˵ʲôطû⻹ܲԼ˰
ٸҺҾͲµϢˡûĵ
ţ
лȻ̧ͷƤЦĵ˻ʲôϢϹǿѣǲʲôԭ򣿡
ἰ£Ҳ˵ǵģЩϹǿȻܹԼ˯Уܹһʱ䣬һ겻Ǿͻɥģ֮ԲѹǷν


1478  Եɡ
Ȼйأ
л֣˺Ͷ嶷˵ÿһ仰ƶģûõģʵϸһ룬ôһ£˵Ļܿܶ⣬ֻԼյ̫٣ʵ̫ͣ޷ƶϳҲ޷ƾʵȥ֪һЩ仯ġ
Ϊˣл
Ҿ߱ķѪҲǵ൱ΨһѪˣڷϴγɱ嶷ʱ򣬱һЩͷųһ㱾Դ֮𣬿ֻһ㱾Դ֮ʵ̫İ棬ֻʵ̫ûпǱԴ֮ᴩ˼ĹУŴĻǷȥģЩڶ̺ŷ˵ֻذ棬˼طѳ˯ڵµϹǿǡ
Ϲʥħ֣֣籾Դ֮͵ħ籾Դ֮˼ıԴ֮ںϣΪϹʥĺܶãںֱԴ֮ʹЩ˵ľ߱򵥵ķֻذ壬⻹ȴߵͷ֮ǰ˯ڳ˯Уǵ᷵ϻָͯʮ۷ʱڣʵҲһ߷ʱ̣ǶֻһҲ˵˯һ֮ҪܹѣΨܹٻһΣһһ겻ѣǾҪȥˡ
ǵǲʵģϵֱԴ֮۶ɵڷһž˵ãԷϹѾ»֣ǿԳ˯ȥֱ˳ٶͳױԴ֮һǲܹٶȻѹҲΪβԭǷһҪǵõֱԴ֮۵
ôӡ
лֱԴ֮ͬʱ֣Ҳһп˵ǵʱηǳ׳ۣɱԴ֮˴˽൱Χڵĸ֣ȴ˼ˣ͵ħҲ൱һֵģֻǺɱֻ̫࣬²ٷ֮һҲǻм˰ˡ
ô˵֮󣬶ȥͷһҲйˣлʵ
ͷˣ˻ǣҲһʹǵʹ޷ɣ߲ȥǱɥʹҲעЩѵϹǿǿʮȥ˾š
ʮȥ˾ţл㵵
ܻһɶѰĴҲǷǳߵġ
ôϹǿѹаٷ֮˾ʮ˶ڶɥȥҲҪȥһ
лʲôʹ֪𣿡
һˡ̾һһ屻Ϊһ壬ÿ˼ѣǱӵ뿪ر˼磬ʵȲѵΪʮǰһ㱻һϿֲˣΨжڵ²ܹ䣬ҲʧЧʱǾߵħ֣Ļ籾Դ֮ߵħ籾Դ֮ں˼ıԴ֮һʱӰ죬Ϲʥ籾Դ֮ںϣзֻذ壬һ巢˳׽Ӵİ
ˡл
ЩǷһġ
лʶԽԽ룬ˣνҩָһ䣬һо綾ôһ¡
綾棬ҩָȷܹһо綾
䲻ͬ
Ѫ޷ģĿǰʲôӵĪ⣬޷ģ˼ʢ˥ͨҲ
ô˵ǷһҪڵֱԴ֮۵䣬ˣΪʲôԼֱȡڵأлһЩСط⡣
Ψг˯֮󣬲ܹ׼Ҫ䣬Ҳô򵥵ģһµڶ㽫꣬õģһ㣬ںЩ˯Ϲǿ߸յܹһ䣬УҪǳĥѣѵĴԼһϹǿߣܹģһ˶
⣬ҪҲѡ
лҾˣõЩʴ֮壬ȥ˵ġ
ǡ˵
лգգۣЩͿˡ
˵˵ǵõ籾Դ֮ˣʴ壬ħͫȵȣûеõ籾Դ֮ǸҪȥģѵû֣ʥ֮ȦػϹǿߣʴǣǹħȴһ֮ǲ׼ѵ𡣡
ǰҵҲʱ䲻ԣ˵Ӧҵ˲Ŷԣôô֮ǰǻѵʴ壬ħͫһЩϹǿһľٶûаϵлûз֧֣λģ
ȻҲǷġ
лüҲǷģ
͵һ࣬Ϲʥǰ󣬷һҲΣǡʮȣһΪлǣ͸ÿһķ˾Ѫ
Ŷлʴ壬ħͫãȻܹо·һ壬ѹܹ˳˯
˵Ϲǿ߳˯һйصģЩǶԷһжݣܹõ˾Ѫʶֻǳ˯ǱһѡУһģЩעд󲿷ȥġ
л˺ͷһйصϹǿ⣬ƺе֣ƹŽ֡
ǵ򵥣壬һ壬칬аʥصһˣǱӡģǰӡ壬ʥأǰͬһϴڱӡģҲǷһ壬壬ϹǶ׷顣
ôл
Ϲʥ͵ħ֮ǰ˼֮٣ˣɽȷʵ֪ΪΣŽΪ׵ĳǿ屻طӡֵģҪ֪ǹŽʮսʼǿ߾֮࣬˵ʮս۷弶Ĵڣǿ屻طӡ˵֣֣ҲǱ˼ıͷܵġ˵
ʮսʻЩʱʲôʮս۷弶ǶһˣܸıսֵģοһŽ嵱ʱ֮࣬ôҲóɡ
Ҳ˵֮ǰЩǿĴͨ嶼ӡġ
˭ɵģ
лԺͻأĸֶ嶷ӰҶ嶷Ǿ仰֮ȻԽʮսʼ
ѵлĵ
֪˭ɵģ˼֮ãʼûеõ𰸣ֻǹŽǿƺҲԴؿƿ˵ǿܶδ˭ӡǡ˵
΢һ£лҴӶ嶷֪֣һıζͷع磬ħ˼ƴΪһ޴ıҲ˵֣ȳˣʵõľ磬Ȼģôӡ˼ŽǿҲӦ硣
̫ܰɣûôǿһӡ߰˸Žǰֲǿ壬Ҫ֪ʱĹŽһʮսʣʮս۷弶Ĵڣսʸ˵ǼҲȻŽûз֮ġ
лһԽʮսʵĴأ


1479  ⣬Ե⡾һ
˵ôֻһֽͣǰѾԽʮսʵĵزԶȶ嶷ƶϵʱҪöࡣ
ô˵ȷ͵ͨǣȻôһڣΪʲôֱռ˼͵ħ磬أ
лֻǲܹ͵ǸıŷǳĹϵֻڻδŪǵıʲô
ƺ϶һλԽʮսʵĴڡɻĵ
϶ǵʱ嶷׿˵ġл
ԭЩɵɫʱ
ıʲô
Ŀأ
µֻнɫõȫܹˣƺһìܵ㶼Ĵı棬Ҫȫڽɫϡ
ҪŪһıʣֻһ취Ϊɫṩ㹻Ҫһ㣬ѶȲĴ󡣡лֻĵȴڴڼ䣬ܵȫԼʵʱӦĴı
˵ĬûٶԴκεʣҲ֣̽ʵ̽Ҳ˷ѿࡣ
ġ
лȻڣţʵ֪ʱӡǿм𣿡
ⷽϢ˸ҵĺ٣ƺ߰˸ӦмѾˡݷϴγɱ嶷ʱ򣬶ЩǿĸӦмѾȻˣϾЩǿЩ˾٣ӡϵ޷˼룬ҲֻйŽڶܹ
ֻϧŽǡл
û˵ʲô
ʱ˵ġ
䶯죬йصˣܶ඼ϵأʹǽڽߣõѩ֧֣壬Ů壬壬йŽļ룬һЩصǵȻĴʥ˰ɡ
֣˵һı仯Ѿǳ˼ˣо˷һʮ壬ƺ൱һֶ壬ǵǿ϶һʵǿ
ǽ̸УԾĺ
УͻȻͣ
Ǿǵħͨ϶ڣָǰһӴĺ
лĿƣһһߵĺֱ˵һСʹ½ˣұһɵĺɫϢš
ħл
ܸоǵħķ϶ħڲ϶˵
ǵˣҵõ鱨һҲħڣҲһռС磬̵л˵
Ȼ⵹˸е֮ġ
ʼ磬лûо⣬Ǿ֮С
˷ӵħϿա
վڸ߿գлʶΪʲô챻һС½ˣĺܴ󣬳Ϊ½ҲΪ
ֻħڣħ̫أ꣬ԾǷǳأһ˸޷ӽģȻҲʲôפ˵صġ
л㽵
˫£վһļĺǰΧǵɽܲӲݴʯ᾵ģŨŨĵħ֮͸ľҵϢľ֮ˣܴܵӰ졣
Ѱҵħͨ϶ڵǸռС磬ȥܲҵһ֮ءл˵
ͷͬ⡣
˷ͷж
ʴװϱ㵴һ֮ǴķԣǷȴǻԵģõױԴ֮һûиıԣǻ֮עʴװڣʹʴװķӳȫá
Ҳӳʮ֮һˡ
磬׾ۼʴװ͸ʴװӦͨ϶ڵء
лҲʼѰҶһ֮ء
ŵԼָлһ׸ɽƵĳɽȸ
ɽݺм仹һЩǧ׵ɽͣǳɽǰԵһ㣬ҲֻӴɽеһС˰ˡ
Ӵɽȶһ֮¡
Ҫ룬Ƴл޷ӵ½룬ȫλķġ
δ룬лһʵѪϢǱҲܹӦĵ
ܶ϶ɽȾǶһ֮ء
Ǳ֮Թ֮ɵģǲսǿѪб׺ݡ
Ϣ湻аģҲӣȻ١л°ͣһתһ̣ٺ١
ɽΧתʮȦ
Բڶ鿴ˣ˵ȻľдУǲûʲôħڴ˵أ·ħҲԸһ㡣
лȷص֮󣬱뿪ˣϡ
ͨʴװµԵħͨ϶󷨣ҲѾȷǿռСڡ
ǱħϷȥ
һ·ɳ۽СʱǲŵĿĵأɽмһ޴Ͽȣ·ˮļ
лվҲԼоռĲֻؿռӰ뿪ٿռС绹һβСľ룬˼ǿصĻ޷ҵռСڡ
ʴװרŶԸħͨ϶ģȻµİһǻɫʴװظ㸡ֵĹΣƺһ㡣
ݣ
һɫĹŻ磬һȥ
ǹɽмļзʱƺֲֻƣһصĿռСͱˡ
лһۣЩ
ǱΪǿ֪ĽģϾ治֪жٵ̵ĸ֣ôȻ֣ǾǱΧŹˣ˼̵Լ÷ʩŵС
һƬߵ硣
ɫһƬûǳޱȵѹָУƲʶûУֻż΢ҲһƬأҲûʲôֲɽͶûУһƬƾ֤Ĵء
صľͷһĴڣĹߣɵģƺʲôڵһ㡣
֮⣬ǾһɫħţܣȴŨû۳ϡϡƯڿУбޱ߼ʵˣ·֮˶лǿߵĺĴڣϵش߶Լ
ռС类ǿгƣЩ
лУǺˢˢеĿ׷׵Ͷлˡ
ôл֪ηӡǵħͨ϶ֻ𵽸ãһлҪָӡ
ɫʴװֵ֮ĳַ˵Ӱ״ĴǾǵħͨ϶ĻӰϹʥԼߵķӡԭǽͨȫģѾ౻һ׽ħǿ߱ͨͨɱ˼硣ٵ˵䣬ռС̵ĸȻǿɱҪ׷ɱҪȫ͸ʴװԾɱȥʱ򣬲Ҫ˷
лǷһ˿Ц⣬̫ˣҪɱħͨ׵


1480  ⣬Ե⡾
˵лҲɵġ
˵ɱȥȽͷۣǼܵģˣ忴һۣʮ֮ڡ
ʮ֣ǿֻ׼սʼһҲܹ˺ģҪǵĳȥˡ
ٶлĵһơ
趯κһҡлŵĵ

֪ʮǿߵٶҲô򵥵ģҲ൱ĽչΨ˲ܹǿٶչֳõһչȻһɷ֮ĲлĿ֮£ƵСȵȶţγһǿ
ͬʱлס
˺Ĵ̫ˣĬ̬ȻȻʮ˵ĹעȻǸеһ˿ĪҲûзԡ
Ƶ磡
лһ̽ٶȱȥ
αȥһ˲䣬һƵ΢ϵƿص硣
һҲתڣʹлٶٶȵõ
ˢ
ȫ淢ٶȣлͺһ磬һ⣬ɲǼȥǧ׵ľ룬ٶȿ쵽˼ޣЩɷڵĳɱ̸δüӦ͸еһɿ紵ͷһգ۵ĹлѾûټ
Ƿ׷׵ĻͷȥôһĹ򣬾ͷл˵ӰѾ˺ڵ㣬²֪жôңԶľ롣
ֳ赲ǣ
ʮ̸ֵУȻҲģʵĽս۷弶ʵͳ˧ʮ֮ڣܹȫǰ˾ŽսǰҲֻѡӶݵģ޷Կġ
һ£ĸַ׷׵ĳ֡
ǵвͬһɱлֵõˣͭͷۣҲǱɷģġ
ˢ
Ĺ֮ǰлǰȻ½
ˣȻȥ
лյķеȫԶģлԣڹ̫࣬˷ʱ䣬õİ취ٶȸϹȥץסԷԼ˽Ļᣬܵĳȥ
лӲ
ػʥ壡
лһ⣬һɫĽӸֳǽҲУ˹ʧȥ޻ػ֮·裬ֵǿĹ
ء
һܼ£лһ󷭹ʹ˵ܡ
ӲǶŹ档

л˫Ŵصһ˲䣬̴߶Ҳһʧ֮ĸС
壡
ڵ£лǿٶȷӳԳٶȣֱ״õħͨ϶
գ棬Ŀͨ϶ǰ򣡡Ľսʼǿһ쳹ռСڣ˶䶼졣
ʮ˷׷׵ա
ͳͳĽĿ׷׵ĺԼǿ
䡭
ˡ
ء
һʱ䣬Ĺڴ֮ϣʮ˵ۼһ𣬱֮лս徫߶䣬ʱʮսʵ˿һ֮£سױѿ
µлǱ۷ڣѪϷĵɫĽҲѿ
ҲĴӵµϿա
߿գס֡
ڵλãǸħͨ϶Ҳǧҵľ룬ԼܹǻɫʵķӡڣƺһͨͨľͷƺӰζ
סǣȥɱͨ϶лͺ
һôԡɨһܣ߼ĸ֣ʵҲʥǿߡ
ʮʥһŽսʶδֵܹοʮˣʵ͵ʥġ
裬𣿡лߵ
ɫһͣǻɫ״ͨ϶ȥ
ͶˡлȻ߶һףߣ
ȫһӣҲǷǳ˵ģİ֮£ëȻһͣٶȫ淢ӳͬŵڵɲǼ㱩ȥǧףӽͨ϶
ǰǧǿš
𣡡
л׳ХҲ쭳ȥ
ľʼձҵľ룬Уϣؼ䡣
ƶն
лԥĶһնȥ
񵶳֮״γ
ݣ
һٶ׳ľ׵ĵ𣬿ʮףŻصȻն¡
Щ赲̸ּ״׷˻Ųһеɱȥ
䡭
Ĺ֣赲
ϵĿֲǰκӶֽϻӹ׷飬Щ赲ȥ·̸̼䱻˺ѿһ޴ķ϶ѪƮ
ಣ
ûһֱͨ϶

ҵȶţлٶҲﵽޣɱȥȻȻת
һ˱ͨ϶㹻Ŀռʩչ׷ɱͨ϶ʮˡ
ˡ
лΪҪʮ˵ĹԼĺܲҵʱһ
״ͨ϶ԭһɫţԶԶȥͺһĻɫţۿ֣ᷢһа״ϸĺĴڣͨ϶ġ
ڰ״ϸķмķ϶һӰ˳
˸һңͨעһ˫۾ϸϸģһ϶Ϲһ˿ŵЦݡ
λЦеĵ
лɫޱȣ߽սʵľ硣
ƾлս۷弶ʵս۷弶δػܣ߽սʵĻûаġ
ڵȺǣл
ȷе˵ڵȺЦǺǵ˵ΪΨܹǿͨ϶
лЦЦ
ֹʮֵ˼ĵԼ֪ǰͨ϶ִ̫أԾȻûгɢǻӡķӡںϣȻ޷Եķӡͨ϶ȴӡǿʮֹʮʮսֳҲҪʮʱܹģˣõµʴװרͨ϶ģˣͻɿʴװڣӶʴװͨ϶Ҳлͨ
⣡
Ե⣡
ʮ̸Ҳ鲻ԽһȻҲǺ֪ģ벻Ȼӡͨ϶ֻ޷Էɱˡ
лɣͿһа׵ķӡˡ¸¡һ˿˿Ȼʼɶˣʴװڡ
һжͬԡ
˵лǰǰǴͨ϶ģ


1481  ⣬Ե⡾
԰ĻлǱһЩ̬ȵģϾǵˣ̵ĸ߲㡣
̣ǰģǾѪĹϵԱȻ̵ĸ߲㣬ҿܹ˵صԶ׼ǱѰģлЩɡ
ͨ϶ķӡȻʼеĻɢʴװۼȥлɵý
һħͨ϶ƣô롣
ħǱԴ֮⵽ƻһһЩӰ죬൱ĸ֣ҲǿԵģ̵н˼һͳ
ҿδأɫƽͬһ̶ˮ
лͰͬʱһ𣬿
ͼϵʴװѸٵķһĿĻ⣬磬ɷ֮
˵ûȴ֪û뵽û뵽˵Ȼһǿ
ţлͷʴװ渡ţÿһŶһλá
ǺȻһǡ
ҲǵҪЩ˯Ϲǿ߻ѵһǣ۳һ뱩лҲûѯʣȴµ϶õġ
ǻ˸С
䣡
Ȼʴװ׷׵Ʈɢ
ԭЩƺܲ۵ĻҲ֮˵ȻͳͳתΪһ˵Ӱ
ͺÿһ˶ŻţѸٵķɢؼ䣬ܿһ޴ĿռҪ
ռ䣬룡״ɫ΢䣬ȭҪ⼴γɵĿռ
һҲʲôͿڵķ˶Ȼһ˻
һĻ㱬ȥ
߽սʺǿÿһڵķ˶һǾ൱߽սʵ˵
Ļ䣬ǰȵֻԱ
лתʮվǰĽսͼڸռγ֮ǰɱһɨ
ˢ
һת
̺һһ±㽫Щ˸ɱıѣ׷ײҽŵɳȥ
ͬʱŹһ޴Ŀռ䣬Ǹ״ĵħͨ϶
ռһɣʮֹ棬ȴһ˿Ĳ
ռ߱תǵĹᱻתƵ֮У޷˺ռһ˿ǰ˽սϣпռǿ߲ſܴռ䡣л˵Ҳְɣնɱ죬ɱͨ϶
ԭΪҪã⿪ͨ϶ģû뵽·ת
ʮ˾Ȼûõİ衣
лһЦ񵶱սȦ
ǧ㣬Ҳ׼ȣ˫չһɫγɣֵ߹Ѫɱ󣡡
һȣʮ̸ˢһ°
ڶĸȫһƣϥأԵı׷׵ĲǰĵϣְؿڣָڵϣϵѪҺʱһںɫǵӿ
ÿһ˵¶һ޴š
Щɢһ˿߰˴ѸٵĹһռСĳ󷨡
ЩںɫѪҲ׷׵£ƸɺԵĴӭһʱ꣬ŴأظգеŶٵתţǰЩҲ׷׵һĽѸٵ߿վۼ
лٵɨһۣĿ졣
Ȼһеǰ죬նɱôֲ󷨱㽫ʧȥã޷赲Ƿɱħͨ϶
ɱңǵʵԶءӵĿлѪɱ󣬽ʮһǧ˵ۺ˵ռ䣬ʮսʣҲɵնɱ
ٵǸռÿһڵķӰ˻ӳȥĻ߰Ĺ
䡭
ǰĺɫַҲ΢΢Сţȴûб
۰챾ˣٵҪǿֲ󷢳춯صɱһ谭
𣡡
л׳Х
񵶱һ׳ĵ⣬лȫսӿȵļһԶͳͳת֮ڡ
񱩵Ҳ֮
лյĶ˵ǿģҪʱʩչǰľ棬Ȼʱ̫ȣԽԽá
֮ŭ
лתѡ֮ŭ˶ƶնҪǿһߣҸӷûгʵ񵶷˵һһ𱬷ƻɾͱҲġ
ɲǼ䣬л·һ
һЮǵصл˵һһƼ츲أһ׺ݵĳȥ
䣡
ֲһĨصǺɫķ档
⵽ٿص󷨹Ǻɫ־СУٱ;׵һնУǺɫķֱһҵ
أ
һ̶ȣȻѿ
ԵĵҲٿȻն
췢һٵֹͣѸٵĶû뵽лȻƿķ߽սʵʵ
ۣ
ˣǰػǱһѪۡ
ʹŤһ˫ϸ˸ɭĺâı׼ŭˣһϱһǻ߹ȥһ˲ϢĹ򣬰һħֱɱлȥ
һϵеĹУķӡѾ൱һתʴװڣͨ϶
Σʱ̣չֳ߽սʵľ
һ͵һȥ
Ƶǡñ֮ǰֵס޷лֻܿԼ
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
лӦѸ٣ԼĽ
Ȼʱ侲ֹ԰ֻһգʱĽɶлյٶ˵㹻ˡ
ˢ
ʱֽ
أ
ʱֱ㱻ˣлһ˲ϢĹ򣬽ٶȷޣһ
ۼٶȣл߽սóٶȵ˶Ҫʰ·磬οǲóٶȵİ졣
֮ŭ
лӶն˵һ˴ٶײȥ
仯Ҫ˵죬Ϊ֮㵣лٳӦʱյıֶǾ޵ĸо
һѸתħ׺ݵķȥҪƾɱлһҪлһشԼ
߽սлս۷弶ʵ߱࣬š
ȴ֪лսǶıͨοûʩչʲô߳һ㣬Ǳ񵶣ǵţķ̶ҲǿսʼҪֲ
˵ӣЧչ˳
أ
ػħ֮ϡ
ֲ˲䱬ʩչ߳Ļƾľ磬ȫлͷƫƫ̫Ըǣħֱıѿһ϶һƬɳȥǿҲڰϡ
ۣ
챻ĵѪҲߵķһ󵹷ɳȥءһ£ײǸռ棬żҪѣɼлһжôİԵף벻ġ


1482  ⣬Ե⡾ġ
һ𾪣ҲֻһɲǵĸоϾлһһ漣սѾϰˣڰ˾ǰлֻɷʵȻܹŴʥ׷ɱ£ѾлŴξ˱֣൱
ǳŰ˵ĵڶٵĲٿ󷨡
ݡ
̼䣬ĻߴڵķӰ汬Щһ𣬹ɸӿֲ
ŻԵĴɱ
أأأ
켸ûüӦһĹ߱㶴ʮطһĿ죬Ӷˡ
ʹ֮µİ˻
ǺƷĺУͿڳһѪȫ˲ָսٵ
Ѫ񻯣ãлɫͬʱһ䣬ȫٵĳ֡
Ѫ񻯣ǵħһѪħеֶΣͨѪսǿ壬ͬǳĲΣʱ򣬰ܲôģֻһͷȥͨ϶
ͨѪ񻯣ս˲ﵽ߽ս۷ĵزлһײռʱ𵴵ĵڶ췴һصնȥǿı֡
꣡
ԭֻ߽ܳսʼĸռ䣬һ¾ͱһ϶켱ٵĳȥ
ɱ
лʩչٶȥֵֻøձ֮ŭ
һĨͬĵХֱĺ󱳣ֵֻܻٵϸռ䡣
ϵʮĬ
ĿֻһֹӳȥһĿֲڣ롣
𣡡
Ҳ˲˵Ŀģ۾ˣһ˻һɿ񱩵ϱ۳һ֣ͬʱħնǸҪĸռ鿪
ͬʱлһնڷ档
أ
ֵ顣
ʩչѪ񻯣ʵʱɱ߽ս۷弶ǷҲĽȻն飬Ҳһ󲿷ڰϣѽնɱֻһ׵ѪۣҲİѪҽųȥֱӵӴڡ
ش죬ȴδֹߡ
ع飬ȻŤͷһ˫۾޵ɭޱȵĶллǺ֮ǰ
Ѫɱ󣡡һع飬Ҳˣ߶ֲ󷨵һ
ǡ
߿۳һǧףа׵Ŀֲ񽣣аţձ׺ݵնȥ
䣡
Ǹռ£ͨ϶ҵĲѿļ
лŤͷ
ʱ䣬ķӡҵһ㣬ӿʴװڣʹǷӡԽԽһʧȥãķӡԵֲֵһ
εҡҡͷ޷ʴװ߰ɡ
޷Ƿӡͨ϶ѱġ
ôܶһˡлͷͨ϶¶һĨɬ֮ɫҪһɡ
αء
лЦҪߣǱȻɱң߿ԶûУǸ㣬ʴװȡ㹻ʱ򣬻һ
̾һı仯ҲǺܱ޼ƿʩ
ʮսʵǿ߿־Ǹ޷⣬ߵĻᶼûС
ͨ϶ϵС٣ܿȴһࡣ
ͨħٶ˼磬̳ɹڼЦƿǿֲĽ⣬лǵħֵĵһƷ
ڰ컢УлٶȺĻᶼûУǿֲһɸǼռС磬ⲻɱûܵĻᣬһ֡
Ƿӡٵתʴװڡ
ȫĴ߶ҪȡһߵĻᣬʴװ֮һ˲Ϣᣬȫ淢ӳǱлߡ
ڷɱͨ϶Ȼܡ
ʴװ棬֮ԽԽǿʢۻѡ
ž
һӡʹɢ
ʧȥķӡͨ϶ķӡͺ㣬ûжˡ
ͨЦţӶֲնȥ
лһۣﻹ˼ȥ赲̱ҪߣͨʴװǱһᡣ
ɾʱ򣬾ޱ䷢ˡ
䡭
ǿֲ⻹δ£Ϳͨ϶ķӡϡﻩͳͳ鿪ȻǴӵħ緽俪Ƿӡ
ǿֲĽҪͨ϶ȥˡ
䣡
ȻϽٶ̫죬̫ͣûͣЪĿܣֱûͨ϶ڣʱʹ洫һĲҽ
֪ж˱ɱ
ãɱˣ쾪
ĽŷһɰϢͨ϶ӿĵİʱԲ֮ɫ
ʮ˶ɵˡ
л֪˳ûߡ
Ǵӵħͨ϶ӿһɰϢǵħħе֮
Ϣ
͵ħ˴ƵģԪһħһ֮˼֮˿Ǳ˴ȴ޷Լż˺ġ
ħͨھȻӿ֮
ζʲô
ɵ϶óħѾ繥ˡ
Ȼǵħˣˡ
ȱ仯Ե⣬˭Ҳû뵽ǰħ˼磬ǰħħǿƶǵĸ״ӵħͳҲʱڣħ羹Ȼռˣˡ
ħ糹׵Ĳڡ
֮ӿȵĴͨ϶ڳһӾͽǿռСŨĵħħɢ١
һӰͨ϶֣ٵĳɱ
ЩϼǿҵϢռ壬һǱɫ˫ʹ壻һս̬͸սĶ塣
ٶ֤ħȷˡ
Ӵ˵ħ粻ڡ
Ÿʲôְַɱͨ϶лȷӦȵ
ԾǷ㶣š
ѾѪþһֶΣڴͨ϶õĽȻǵħѾˣռ˵ħ硣
лһ㣬ͨħͨɱ˼磬ô˼ڵ״ܿҲǱĿܡ
֣лȻɵɵöսͬը졣
һӽ˽ѹ
ͨ϶Ȼɱ֮߰ࡣ


1483  ⣬Ե⡾塿
Ҳף֮˳ɱҲȻǱˣǱֹ֣֮ɱʩչĻᡣ
ɱ
һűߵ˻ʮ̸ͬʱߵ˻
һӣͬʮ̱ٶǵһһȻٶȱףһ
ţ׺ݵնȥ
һƾ춯أʮսʼǿ߶ҪѡãЩոճɱӦûУʮ׵ʱǿĽͽ֫ˣֲĽٶûͨ϶ڡ
һĲҽд
˱նɱ
״ٵĴ߶ȫʴװʱ˿̵ʴװ֮߱ǿѳ֮ˡ
õʴװҲ͵õµͨ϶İ취ٵ׷ţ޾˷ӿͳͳʴװڣڿʴװҲһѺۡ
ͨȻѾ򿪣ӡͨ϶ڴһۻĽ汬
״ٶȴ߶ɱ
䡭
һĽͨ϶ڡ
⽣ֲʮսʼǿȻҲ٣ȻͳͳĽһ͵ĳɱһӱ档
䣡
һ죬ǧ̸ֱĨɱˡ
󷨼顣
ʧȥսѸ½赲ʮսʵĹϣ
̵˷׷׵ĳˡ
Ѿˡ
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˻
Ȼ䣬һ˻ѹһͿϵʴװͻأķޱ䣬Ȼһֻʴ·ˡ
̬϶ʵʴ·һ޶
л
ôܣлͺ۵ķ˺ʵķٵĸ߱ʴװתľȻͺġ
߶Ҳľ޴ɫ԰׵ء
лæɹȥһѽ䱧ڻУٵóξƸ£ٵĻָʵ
Σʱ̣Ҫܵر֤ʵǻǰᡣ
˻
һ˻ա
ʴ·˲䱩ʮа״Сبؼ䣬䲻ͨ嶼һ֮š
ǻס
ǷЧԲֻ֮
׳ͨ϶ƾոķߣ·裬գۼͽͨ϶Ҳȵɱ綥ǿǲòˡ
ǿҲľʹ˷ɱͨ϶׷׳ֹ
˻
ʴ·˵˻
ǡ
ռС綼ʼˣһۻ֮ѷ촦׷׵ʴ·ϣʹһͨ϶ٶȷ
лΣʱˡ
صӡħͨʱ򣬷ŻʴװģΪΨʴװܹռСڷĿֲķ
ʴװûʴ·˾ͿʮսʵǿߣٵõռС̺ŵķǵͬڳԽʮսʵķӡǹġ
˻
ʴ·˵Ĵ˻ٶȱǣﵽͨ϶ͬȴСĵزȻ˫ռСɢĴ֮׷׵չȥһӱ˵ͨ϶档
ּ״ƴķ
ǵܹԿʴ·˵
⣡
ķ֮ͨ϶Ȼʴ·˱СУ״ͨ϶㿪ʼССֱޣǾǳ׵ķӡ
леޱȵĽȸС
˼Σ
ħȻ繥ˣռݣô˼أ
Ȼ˼ڳ־һ󣬿Ǿͷųֵ֣ʮսʾȻǽʮ֮࣬ǻֻصħһģ֪絽жʮսʼǷͻʮսʼأ
ͨӡôͨأ
սɫʱڣѾ飬ڣǻһֻǲʺ˾סȴȻЩ綼˼ΪȥģԶ˼ϵȫͨЩͨ˼磬ǽ죬죬˭Ҳ֪һ죬Կ϶罵٣ѾǱزˡ
⣬ռСҲ׵ķ飬Ψ飬ͨ϶棬ܹõķɱ
лѸٵĴĿռСڳȥ
Ǹո뿪ռС㳹׵ıͨ϶Ҳ֮Եķգѱ򿪡
һĻЩӴܵʮĸֶˣҲ׷ͣתлˡ
ȫָеս֮ǰңǰһЩĽսʣܽնɱġ
ҪһˡлЦһ¡ΣŮĻָһҡ
һĨĺΣصͷû˵лǿеĪİȫС
ಣ
лֱ½ڵϡ
֪˶ĸһ𹥻ĻʮмŷǳµսܹӳΧҲȻˣǾͺѱˡ
ս徫
䣡
лҲ̽ս徫߶䣬̼ʮսʵĵز
Ҳһܹ
лƾڵɱһ뿪ҲǿԵģƽ˷ֻˡ
ĿǶһ
Ҫɱң죬㻹ԶҲлЦֳһŶһ֮ؿ쭶ȥ
һ£Ĺȥ
Ҫɱл
͸лвٶ΢ӿ죬Щ޷
׷֪лǱԼʥǵҪԣԵϣʮ׷ɱлȥ
Ǳ׷ӡ
ܿǶһĲ֮ڡ
Խ׷ԽǾƣôأʹǿ԰ǵ׷ɱ𣿡۽Ƴ̸֣Ŷˣٶʵȵʮ˲òɢȻ󷴻Ҫɱңߺߣ֮ǰҴ⣬óѣҿɲκλᡣ
Ϊл뷨İѸٵ׷ɱȥ
лܿ㵽ǶһĲ֮
һǿķ֪Ѷˣ޷һҪǣһϢħǰģΨȫɳǲлġ
䣡
л붼û룬ֱӱײȥ
ǿķ㱻һײķ飬һаϢɽӿǴ̼лѪڷ·һݷʼѹ


1484  аһ
ѪѼлİҲǺܴģܹٶȣбǻлӵеһҪܹѹһ壬侴ηҹ볼Ȼνȫǳһ塣
һʶǳɵһ壬ǿ׶Ѫбµ壬ҪǣǶһǱ壬ӶʵһһĴģлȫѸŷǳĴҪ˻ᣬʮ̸֣ս徫һɻԵĴ
һ³ײȥ
леѪƺһѹ
Ѫڲ˵˻ɣѪһڷʹлǣ͸޾ѹƵķΧֵĸһͼ񣬺ƴ㡣
𣡡
һСɽȻɽڴ
񱩵ײϢҲ˲ؼ䣬һһӴӰڵ߿С
ʵѪѪ
Ķһֻر޴ģէһлΪͷƽʥϸһŷĲͬ忴ǽɫģһ㵭Ļɫ˸ţͷ­۾ǻɫģҲǻɫϢбβ״Ļɫͼơ
Ƕһеͷƽʥ
ͷƽʥ𲻴սǿһߣǾ߱ҲǶһеǿ֮һ
˫۾˷ܵĹâлҪ㣬ҪѪҪɾ𣡡
˻Ķһ춯ص˻ţ͵ĳɱл״һû¡
ʮ̸ֱһײ
һײޱȣ֮ǰϢǶһ֪˷ѣ̵ĸ֣̱¶Ѫĸԣ߶ʮһľͷ˷ܵ˻ɱȥ
һӣսˡ
޷Ƶɱ¾Ѫɺӡ
лɵĽɽڲҪһǸжٶ
ԾڿٵĻָС
𣡡
һлͻأʧͷƽɵôŭ˶ױ㷢ŭ˻мǺܰ
𣡡
ƽм΢һȻſնŴرһ޴Ϣͬڵһĺȥ
ǿԸ֪лģԭѪ
һѪ޷ݵջ˵嵱ϴڵѪˡ
ֻҪ΢һӦᵽǹɶ˵ޱܰڡ
ǿ൱Ŀֲ
л״̬֮£ƽ߽սʵȷǳĿ£ڲͬлѾʹս徫߶䣬ʱʮսʵ
ʮսʣǿ൱߽սʼʮ
лӦϢһץ
꣡
Ϣ顣
ȫָȻ۾Ŀлôܣ㾹Ȼֻ߽սʵ
Ҽ˴лЦ
Ǵս۷弶ﵽ߽ս۷弶˽սʵˣ㷽ŷӵҸоƺ˰˽սʵĵز
лǳԽʮսʵǿս徫Դ߶ĴʵʱʮսʵȻĻôҳһפغĵطء
꣬ӵð
һӱ
νͨɱɵģΪĵˣĴڣ϶ڣоʥʱŴʣʥȵȣʥȻֻоŸʹκҪ𣬶һʥ׻߱ɱſԣͺطƵ壬ֹǿûκ֮Կĵز
ʱл֣ѪɢϢĶȫǶеǿ
ĵжսǰʮǿ壬Щһ֣㱬˵һɢŻɵϢʮͷлΧеĻƽΪ׵Ưš
ҵģƽͷ­档
˭˭ģƾͣռлˮԻƽ⡣
ˮԵľˮʥֻͨ嶼ǻɫĹΣһ˫۾ˮʥλðӣˣˮǡǡ෴ڵķ·̺޾⡣
ĶʵλȻҪѷһЩڶһģûп棬ɿǵӣҲǲľʹ˴ġ
ἰһܹ壬ԼսԭǶһаǶѪڣҲѪԼĸڡлЦеĿǷһ˿Ц⣬аڵѪܹõĻܹ磬ܹ߱һЩ벻Ҳ߱ɶı£ɶԣ
֪࣬Ļ治ƽ
лһЦԣҾȡڵаڵѪʲôá
֪࡭ƽŭ
ѻ˵꣬лһץֲ͸ָɢ·һֻ֣֮һӱ㽫ƽץסˣ֮һ
ѪУƽлֻץ
߽սʵʮսǰ˵Ĳһ
ѪУһ˸ŵɫεѪҺҲлһЩɫѪҺС
ǶеаеѪ
ֻɱƽһԭڵǿ߷һֵ˻ǿû뵽ľȻ˿ֲ׷׵ŤͷҪӴܣײУȴԸôȥġ
лſֽ񵶲ڵϣһץסҪεʡ
أ
һΣͬһ뿪档
лһ£ʮսʼܲҲ޷γ񵶰ɣɫѪҺؿռӺһɵĿռƯڿУȻ˫ֳֵҪ񵶰γ
ȫ߶ս
ǡ
лˣȫε
񵶷һ춯񵶲лοʴԼʮ׵ĳȣѰζֺˡ
΢һɶ񵶱¹ʡ
ֻһ˲ĵɢķâе˼飬еսʽȻڲ
޷γл㲻ȥǰεˣһɨ
ݣ
һĨΪģɢȥ
ۡ
һȺҪߵĶ㱻նɱ
лץһɫѪҺǿռڣҪռаڵѪ
ĶɱжһЩʥģЩɫѪͳͳۼз˵Ľɫâ·ڷ˵䣬͸лҪնɱռ뷨ˡ
𣡡
һŭɽ
ƵԲڣεѹһħɽһлѹǶǿߣлɱŭ


1485  а
ڶ飬ʶѾлȫԵģȻǿʣôǿĿ϶ҲʣǰΪ̫׶񣬲бԶʵĳɳٶҪԶлʰҪĶ࣬ϾɶһЩΪ۵ģԶʺܿҲʮսʵĴڣֻľԶûȹˡ
Ƕһŭ𣬸Ķǿ߷׷׵ĴɽɱǵĿ겢л̵ֱĸǡ
ϾлּնɱǿߣѾǼɵ⶯֡
ȥʰɡлЦ
Ȼָսʽлԣ벻ǴһƬء
л˫޷뿪أһ֮ʧȥϵ̾ͻս۷弶ľ磬˫´ףѸٵǰУڵһ׵Ĺ֡
һ·䣬ܿ㵽ɽĵش
ǱŭĶҲٵĳɱܸĴǿߣȻĴĴڣͨһ֣Ȼ׵ģ׼ʥģȻ˵׼ʥս˿ѷɫ׼ʥǴģҲǳѸ٣ѾɳﵽŽս۷弶ĵز޽ӽʮսʵľ硣
˵ҽаڵѪȡںһγɵа֮Ѫ͸ϽĻжı仯лû˿ĽţЦʵ
Դӷ߲ʵõл͵Ͻ
ϽͬʥֻǻԶδɳΪֹҲսʼˡ
Ǹ磬Ե˵ʱ򣬸ûʲôô
Ҫĳɳܹá
а֮ѪɻĵǴδ˵а֮Ѫġ
Ķ֮Ƿһŭһ˫۱ɭĺâĶлѪȻ֪а֮Ѫ˵ʵİˡ
лЦ˵ĺܶԡ
ץģҪȡ꣬ȡļ䣬õµһбأʴ
Ȼ϶лõʱء
Ҳѹ֣Ѫͷǳ⣬Ҫ˵嶼֪а֮Ѫ˵Ȼ϶лõʱء
ҲȡаڵѪأлץס񵶣ؾ𣬡ҪǵľѪа֮Ѫ
а֮Ѫ𣬾ƾһҲɴ롣ʴŭɱ
Ĵ׼ʥ׳Х
ǶǾŽս۷弶սܹأǾʮսʵĳֲĴڡ
ˣĴ׼ʥȻǾ߱޼᲻ݵĿֲ
ĿĴǿߣлǷһ˿Ц⣬ǵٶлУֵһᣬʱ俪Ķͨȫ
൱ʮսʼʩչĶͨ޷ɣ磬лΧҲŵһ̬ĵزԲڵһжУԺҲģع⾰ȻܲȴԼɼ
ȥϷλãкöл˵
ҲǷ߽սϵĶǿߴڣսʽٵϷȥ
뿪лŻ̧ͷĴǿߡ
𣡡
ͬʱ׼ʥͬʱ춯صĵǵĿȥһ㼯ϣ۳ɺɱʮսʼǿߵĿֲ
ǹ֮ʱҲ
ҪŻȡһɱ
ˢ
лǰһֱӵĴ׼ʥϻǵ档
أ
㱬ѣɢ
лκģһɱȥֱһ׼ʥ׶೤Ĵ׳֫ǰ̧һ㡣
ۣ
κεĶֱӱ㶴׼ʥĲ
ּնɱһ׼ʥ
һĻʺ׼ʥĲͷܣû뵽лȻǿ˵ز
˵лͨǿʮսʵĵزյսǶıټ񵶵ı̬սǳʮսʼ߰˱ԾŽս۷弶ǿߣͺʮһӤ̫ˡ
ˢ
лһӣһɫѪҺǿռڣõһ׼ʥѪǿռڵɫѪҺûӣڼ٣۳һ壬ϵزţɫĶֳ࣬ĽɫȻ٣֮һ
ɱһ׼ʥл˿ͣѸٵĳ֡
֮ŭ
ƶն
󶷼Ⱥʩչյǿ󶷼֮һڵʩչ׼ʥϣûκ
ʣµ׼ʥĻᶼûУͱĨɱ
ǵѪҲȻлȡˣǿռڵѪҺɽɫ΢ɫĵز
Ĵ׼ʥնɱɵڿС
˳ֻߣʵлֳѾܿܵĵزǶһڴˣҲܹɱлеĶںɱͲ࣬һǧܹ󲿷ֶ֧ʡ
ʣҪҷѾ𣿡л񵶲ڵϣ㣬ƾǵʵҶҪγ
ѾĸͰβ񵶡
֪ĿлȻһͷԶɳȥȻѡߡ
ܵ𣡡лץס񵶣׼ʸն
֮ŭ
һնһצǶʳɱȥ
ʸоΣæ͵ĹϾʮսʵʵǿ֮⣬Ӳǽ֮ŭҲɱϱѳѺۣѪҽŽһɽײ
Ƶ磡
лһȰǶʵϡ
ʣɣлӵն
Ҫɱʡ
Ĵ׼ʥɱʥɱǶڱɱʮ˾Ǵ򲻹һǧ壬ҲǼٵ˾ǶһԾɴڣҲԶ幹вˡ
𣡡
ʿ˻һž˵ɱңûôף
϶ȻһлδӴתţлɱȥ
δл񵶽ӴлоһϢǽлսȻɢļ޷ץղס񵶡
¶Ц⣬ҿǡ
δ˵껰Ȼ䣬ǹֹɢˣлκεһ˿Ӱ죬Ǵȥ񵶱ڶʵˡ
ۣ
һֱӽʵ׸նȥ
ˣлЩδÿµʲôڷӵսǶʵȻܹ⣬ٿزôףȻĻҾҪ군ˡ
л뵽ŵΣе¡
ռаڵѪͳͳռڣѪҺɫĲͳͳʧһɫǡ
л΢ˣͺȵɡ
ö۵Ľɫ㸡лԺУЦ㾹Ȼа֮ѪããӲԶˡ


1486  а
а֮ѪƷ
壬ʱǰǾ޵еĴʣһʣʮ񣬸ǧʣ壬˭ܿ⣬ǺųһʥҲûǰĿֲ
ǸʱȴѾﵽ۷壬ƾþֶΣ޷ٴһµʣ޷ʮһʼնһźͺ嶥ٶ࣬ʥԶǾŸһ·ؼģ̫ǿġ
а֮Ѫܹƽڡ
õа֮Ѫ壬ûκε谭ֱϣҲĵزܹе츳ǿϽĴڣֻľȻʥǷа֮Ѫ䱬ĹԽʥļء
а֮ѪϽؽɾ֮
лһ󼤵˵Ͻ͸Ϊ裬ϽϾԼִģǽĴڣлԣһֽʱһ޵ǿߣԼɹҪÿģžǸĸŮĸоɡ
Ϣأɣɱ䣬ɾа֮Ѫл˵
ɫ΢΢ͷ
ǽɫѪҺʼϴӣͬʱлҲɴʼȡɽŨĶ֮תǽɫѪҺ֮С
һƿǽɫѪҺɢ
аڵѪҲʵģĻſǶܹʵĸԭ
ʶǿһ֣лʱǾһ
Ѹٵɴ֮ﱻռݲ֪೤ʱ䣬գʹô͸൱ĶϢǴ֮ҲǾ߱ҪģͳͳɫѪҺС
ǽɫѪҺʼ
лĿռʵģУСĽɫѪҺʼתһ塣
㽫͸˭ɫѾɡ
ϽлԥĻش
ɫΪʲô裬Ȼİõ֮ɱΪûʲôǵõа֮Ѫɾͻߵġ
ȻһЦлõʯɱ䣬˵ʯڱѪ䣬ǽ֮󣬶źܴĴٽãܸоһɱ䣬û֮Ҳܹɱ䣬֮ʱһѪ֮ĳɾԶ׼ģϽͬҴģ˵ٶȺܿ죬ҲʥܾǷȱʲôõа֮ѪĳΪµɡ
ˣǾͽɡɫЦ
лϷȥ
գۼ㿴
ʲô£лʵ
ųϽл
ҲûѯʣлֳԵΣģսʾϽлĽǰ
𣡡
Ͻлͺ񿴵һ㣬Сͷĥлţ·һ㡣
ȡ꣬а֮Ѫڡɫ˵
ſԼһɱ䡣л
лΣϽȫſԼģǱɱûκηģֻΪԷл
ɫͺһɢһεͿһ޵ŴϽڷɳǿռڣа֮Ѫںϡ
ഥ
ž
ȴа֮ѪȻϽꡣ
һлͽɫͬʱһ漴ɫˣյĶ֮Ǵ֮еģа֮Ѫڱд֮
Ǹô죿л
ս徫ɫս徫ǴռɵģܹתƸа֮Ѫܹа֮ѪЧӡ
лתʣһս徫
Щս徫а֮Ѫڣʹа֮Ѫ˱仯ԭǽӲӵģھȻʼ͸ɫתš
գۼ䣬а֮Ѫһ̶ȵ͸ˡ
ɲûȫ͸ǲս徫ĴлϽ߶ս徫۳ͽȥа֮Ѫɱ䣬лΪս徫ĴҲѸٵļƬ֮󣬿ʼٵ½ϾĴ䱻лʱ˽սʵġ
лϽٵ뿪ñ̵˷֣ǺɵıԶսڼһƧطͣ
뿪һӴӰɽȵİ߳
֣裬ʥǶһ嵮ףлȥıӰЦ֪һô򵥣һŵȵռ㹻֮ɱʵȶǿߣʬ֮ת϶֮û뵽ȻѪٺ٣ڿɺãɱЧɱҸʮֹˣһİٺ١
ﰲȫ֮أл㳹׽˴䡣
ָս۷弶״̬ս徫Ҳûȫģͳͳа֮Ѫڡ
ԭɫа֮ѪȫɱΪ͸ġ
лͽɫ¶ϲ֮ɫа֮ѪǶаڵΪɫɱΪɫɾа֮Ѫ͸ɫеʯɫˣǲǼأҸоЧá
а֮Ѫɱ䣬Ҳֻһƶϣû̺֮ܳͣռս徫йɫ˷ܵصڵа֮ѪǱϽõĻδᳬҵ֮⣬֮ϣܳɾ𣿡
һ˿лͽɫϽа֮Ѫڣڱ׵ں
Ȼɫа֮ѪϽڣ漴ٶ
ܿ죬лͷ֣ϽϷһ㵭͸Ĺһܹ͹Գľ֣ѪҺš
ɫˣҪ̽չ״̬ţĿռС總չɣﻹ൱ķǷѪŷǳİҽסһ磬Ҳ赣ı˹
лԣ˵һ顣
ȻܾķѪԣٶȱģܹõȻǰġ
»عɽϿȴ
ϽУɫʩչסĲ
һεʧǰлĿУԷġ
һʱķˡ
лﾹȻһЩĪ˸УЩˡ
ħħͨ϶һ֮أħһصĵطɫҲķһп
ֻлһμЦôͻȻ󷢸п
˵ģħȽ⣬ռطΧʵӴ㹻´½дתƹģܹڴ˳פ壬壬ҲֻϹˡɫ˵
Ϲ壿


1487  ۼһ
лһ֪ˣϹȽ⣬ʹڣֻһ㣬ҲǱѪģܵʥѪļӵĿ²֪ٱʱǾԶƫƫѪʱʱһɱͨˣûһǿֵϹ޾ǴϹֻܵ͵͵ֱ꣬һǧǰű˷֣Ҳδܰıˡ
ȫ½˼ϹıضǱǿҵ뷨ģֻ˭ҲδѼϹĲرͼ޷֪Ǳصʲôط
˵Ϲл
ɫҲ֪ʮȻ޷ѣǻ᲻ϵؼʮսǿؼһ߲лģоϹһʮսʵһֲл꣬ŷǳϡٵһЩ䣬ݱǵϹһﵽ۷壬һȴͨˣһܹĶûУΪƺʲô
лʲôǽϹ屦زħɣ
Էǳֻʮսʵǿ߲˻ǰҡɫ
ϧħ´½С˶٣Ҫض̫ˣûвرͼû취ѰҡлԺҵرͼħĲ֣ͲҪȫĲرͼҲҵˡ
ϹֻûеͼҲȻ
л뿪ħ
ڴ˾繥˵ħ磬ҽռ죬һӹɵġ
ϾǵħͨŵħȨĴħ˶ֳ֣ζŵħѾ׹ףôʮսأҲ֤ħǵĵֿûˣȻôʮսפء
ħ군ˣôĿ˼ˡ
ʲôʱֽ٣ȷȷǣһήٵġ
л뵽Ľǿʹ˼ѪģӾҪĽ֮ġ
Ľפأμӽǵж
ҽȥаżɫ˵
лȻΪʲôаżͱϴһ˰ɣۼҲˣʲôɡ
̫Саˡɫĵ
Ŷ㻹õаʵһ߲л䲻ɣлһʵ
ûаʵǱ׳򵱳ϹʥԼһ֮˫Աչص״̬ʱǶѾﵽ۷壬ʮڶģһµʱ䣬Ҫ״̬ѣаʱ⣬żڣͻȻʲô룬Ϲʥʾս֮ʱӲȫսɫ˵ǹشжǿʱаʵ޷ƣΪֹżڣҴǵеʶжϣصһصħޣʱ䣬ħӦʱѹˡ
лûŪɣʲôħҪĳ˯ѵǷ˲ɣħô
ɫ֪һħɴ
ʲôħޣлʵ
ɫޣ
ޣʮսʣ߱츳ܻգһֻʩչһΣһʩչɱΪԽʮսʵĴڡ
лĻһ㣬֮
ħ֮籾Դ֮лսõף
սǶıܽףﵽ߱ĸ߶ȣôлаھɨһսʣս߽սˡ
лû˵̵תĿаż
һ·УɫҲл˵˵ܡ
ǰϹʥʱΪʥʣеĲֹһˣȴаʣʣмʣʮսǿߣ͵ħ˵Ҫڡ
ǵгȴս֮⣬˶Լ¡
սһսʺһ֮ʱ»磬սʼΪˮ룬ǾΪսʵԵʡ
ǰʱУǰʥʱʿԶԶʮϵ
ν̸Уɫ˵һ仰ҲӡлĺУǾǳȴаΪ׵Ĳл걻ɫõ֮⣬ļʣϹʥλʥڣʵĲл꣬ɫûյ
ֻֿܡ
һЩʱɱл궼û£ԺܴΪ걻Ϲʥɱľ֮࣬ͬһɱģһֿܣǱǺϹʥһûʧġ
ΪֹϹʥʵʧ٣һա
˵ļλʲˡ
лǵãնɱİıἰϹʥʧʱŵıöۡ
۵ĵԼɫǰĸգıйأôǷζŻʧıŽϵأ
˽⣬л֣ƺκ漰ܣһЩʧ٣ıŽܵϵио˼Щϴıûаľٶ
õĽԾʱ򣬻벻鷢ɣ紦Ļǵľٶ˼ʮӦδܹĶ֣俴ǴݿĻħչֵлҪ뱣ҪܵԼʵǸ
аżлϵʱɽ˺
аżһǧ׵ʱлͷӰԾһȥ˸оֻ֮ھۼڴˡ
аżҲһռС硣
ΪϹʥʲĴڣаżռСɱʹʥĿռСҲС˶٣ɰ˾ǧ˶⣬ʱӿˣ˿ӵֻЩȻɢȴÿףͻ߰ʮ˾ۼһ𣬿ȥԵͷܶӵĺܡ
аżа׼µĸڣռÿһոսѪӡʱǶ˷ĶɫԴǲ⣬ʥǸؿõսʼǹӦʵıеĲдƷžʵԲŷһܵصģȴᡣ
лһƲ죬е㲻ţȴ޷֪ɫңԶʱûҪʱ
ôʵսʼȻֻ˼ĲдƷ˿Ѫӡ׽żֳϹʱżǻдսʼ֣֣˵õͻͽ
ͻȻɫһͺã
лɫһôˣ
ħƺҵϢˣңұλϸϹȥɹһ٣ܵõķرǳޣʱҪĳ֮սɫٵ˵
˵꣬ɫˡ
лȴе㷸ɵɫεȴڣȻˣƵǣȻҪħ޶ɹһ٣ѵʲôѲɣ־ĴڣΣҵʵܹﵽ


1488  ۼ
һ˿ʣл㰴սɫ˵ȥ֪ɫģЩҲ׽⿪⡣
ԽУл¶ȾͻԽߣֱģûǰʮףͻһȣǧ֮󣬾Ȼ¶ȸߴǧȣ˾̾ǣ¶ߣǻľȻӰ죬ˮֻǶȴ൱Ӱ죬ҲˣԽǰУ˵Խ١
л֮¶ҲͶˡ
һȣ
ĸ£ͨսʶԿ˸£οصƺĶδ֪ĵطĶм˸ڴȥ
Է֮лѿһӰ
˸¶л˵Ӱ죬ػʥǺεȼ¶ûӰ죬¶ȿɱߵĶࡣ
УлͱǰһСĿ⡣
ռҲǼǧƽѣˮ峺ףɢֽȻͬϢһ溮ޱȣһޱȣȽںڣʹԵø࣬ƫƫе¶ȵģǺΧĻľдеģΨûκεħ޳
һͤӡ
ͤˣһлʶģʥǴĹ䲻ʮðͷȴѾս۷弶Ĵڣڴѡ峤֮һǱ˵ɾʮսֻʱ⡣
ʥǣԾǸա
л͹һۣװʶϾʵ̫ǿˣԶ壬ʥصģһ¶̾ʥǿΪĿꡣ
ȴˣлʶȴܶ϶ǵݣһǱѩģһһģҲս۷弶Ĵڡ
л˵ǵˡ
Ǳѩ巽棬ǵװǱл׻ٵģҲл̵õģõʥ֮Դ̲һϵĳǱ֣δɾͲɹġ
лͤڡ
幫ϹŵЦ⣬վ˴δ̬Ǳѩһս۷弶ǿͬʱ¶һ˿ĺ⡣
߽սʣø߼ĻлܹռϷ磬Ҫ˵ս۷弶ǿߣлаһսȻ¶ĵ⣬οдĹҲڴ˵ء
лģѩĵ
ǱѩԣҲǺʮĶ˷͸⣬ʹͤںʮ㣬·ĵؿߡ
λлĵ
ѩüëһлشԼЩ죬ѩϴѦ׳ɣ
幫װһμ棬ҽܵ幫λһС
ԭְʧʧлɫƽĵ
̩ȻıѩѦ׳ɺһ¶ĵǿˣѦ׳ɣ㻰ġ
лδߵ˴ȻĿԶصķ羰ĺ
Сӣ㻰û𣡡Ѧ׳ɱŷһɱ⣬лɭɭĺȵв
ڱѩһ壬ǷֱͶǺ֣лУлǺ޺øУ˴˼У˻˿лλӣĻǱΪ
ϼȻҡл̵תÿɵϵĿⶢѦ׳ɣ·Ѧ׳ɾǸɵϡ
ɲʥǣл˵ҪСĵ㣬ƾ仰ұɽڽɱѦ׳ɭɭĵ
Ϣӵ䣬һһǿƱƺʱ׼֡
лЦѦģҵǽҶ֣Ļұнڣɱˡ
䣡
ŭѦ׳ӿһǿ
лҲԵս
лǣȻŭѣѦ׳ɾȻûж֣лΪĶ֣һкʹ幫л˸ûκҪֵ˼һ϶Ѧ׳ɲҶֵӡ
ߣ
޺޵һ˦֣Ѧ׳һЩܣ֪ﲻ֣ܶѹеӿ⼤ŭңߣ뿪˵أұȻֽɱ
ﲻְܶ
лֹ治֪뵽ɫƶϣĿǿֲĳޡ
ǳޣǾ̫ˡ
Ѧ׳ɵĽлôֱӵһС̬Ѧ׳ɱŭѣƫƫֲﶯ֣ʤ
л˳˼ú͹ֱӽɫҲˣֹֻܰϣ￴ʲô
ɽʲôû
һжôİͣǿе¶ȿֲɻѾãֻûһֻħޣԵЩͬ
ĺˮ峺ס
лһۿȥֺˮ׽صħ޾ˮ·ɡ
ЩˣǴĻԣ̫߱ʮսʣֻҪʱ㹻ʮսҲǲܵģɺˮ⣬ǺȽģƺЩ
Ҫ֪̫߱ܽһΣǾһϴأ뺮Ϲϵأ
лã²ǳޣһַǳµħޡ
̲ס͸һ˿ʡ
εȾһͲµл㲻ײģҲܶԴ˵ϤЦǺǵ˹л٣Ŵ巢չû룬֪ҴлٵĿ֮а
ǵȻ˵꣬빫ǰȥݼ峤ʥǾǴıѡߡл
Ȼ˵ѡ֧˭ҪȨ˱ֳˡ
лŵĵҲùʧġ
ЦԸ˰ɡһת˵˵ߴµڣ֪л֪ġ
Ǳֳ׽ʳҲ֪ĻʵĿڼӵл͸¶һЩ˵ߴڡ
ܡлȻ˵ɫָġ
ܣлٿ֪֪ܲ˵صģֻߴˣòǱ˸лٵİɣֻҴߣδأлǰԼİɡ˵ɻĵ԰Ӧ֪˵ս۷弶ľ磬˵ģȫԴʥǳս۷弶ǿǰŶ԰
лʼ磬Ҳһ
˵䣬лҲ֣Ѧ׳ɺͻжˣͬĵе˼顣
֪ɫδǰԶؼ࣬ȻߴһЩǿߵĲлģо֪ħޣĺߴûʲô
лٲ˵ǡǡһ㣬лļһЩϵЦǺǵĵǱ˵Ǿ˵ģһأ
лʥˮ壬壬嶼Ѿ壬ʥľ屻ǰĸҵģ
ȹڣдһʥľģ


1489  ۼ
𶯵ĺˮһĵл˷׷׿ȥûǰо˵ɼ˵ʵԲġ
ˡ
˵֮ԼңԲҲ൱ĴӣŨüۣԺɫƤһϮɫľװ׳гصһ˫۾Ǻɫģɺƺһϵ˸š
ս۷弶ǿߣ
һһȥʮˣһͷںڵ㷢ԳľӣµݺһϹһĨº͵Ц⣬һϮˮɫȹˮɫĳէȥŮˮ·ˮһ
ɿ֪ʥˮǿߡ
ߴۼĸ֣ΨбʥľδǰȻѾǰϾֻʣˣǾŽս۷弶Ĵڣ֪ġ
ʥˮöλʥˮŮҽܵ
ֵҡ
˱˴˼Ŀٶлϡ
Ѧ׳Цл߱£ʶȻʥľҲϵ
лһü˿ûʥľǰֱ϶ԼǺʥľйġ
Ҫ֪ʥûб¶ɽʮУԵҲӣΨл̫죬Ųصչ˵ģʥľ島ϹϵôʥǿɾͲôˡ
ʥľ̫һ塣
ʥľ崫˵õףȫľԣսˣ߱Ǿʥľ룬ÿ˶ܹģʥľУȫƺõġ
ʥľκһϣõֵ֧ġ
Ҳˣõʥľ֧֣ȻΪ㣬ѡ͵л壬壬ɽڿɺãһʥľͿ˼⡣
лȻܲ
֪лǿĽͣ˻ʥľйϵģЩˡ
ߺߣ뼤ŭңҪѹл˿ң鱳ʥľְ֧Ѧ׳Ц
лѦ׳ɣǿɺޡ
Ѧ׳ɼ״΢΢ͷôҸʲôǾǣαѹ˶˵лαǿˣõʥľ֧Ȼûκλġ
ѹǾйŽ֧֣Ҳѳ£ʵиıѩҽл
Ҫĳ⡣Ѧ׳ɴЦʥľʥǵ飬Ѿˡ
Ѧ׳ǵӣл޲һȭ
ΣòˣΪʥһӣȻҪάʥǵ棬Ҫڣ˾͸оһǿ׷׵Ťͷȥֻһ̤
˿ȥᣬ˸оʮӣϵлҪȻȻ߽սʵ
һϮɫֳȣϹЦ⣬ȻԵ÷
ˣ
ԭˮʥˮöȻͬƽĴ󺣾磬ķ꣬͸һǿƣֱӱӣۻ·Ŵһе
ͻȻ֣˶һ
˭ʥˮöǰһһվڰУ񽣷·ʱҪʡ
٬Ŀöصɨţ˭°
˵ģȴǳĲϣǿжģˣࡣö
лͬʱһҲ뵽һ֡
ӹЦʥˮһ峤ĵһѡˣܹʥˮİѻȷ򵥰һ٣ҡȣ˵Ҿǻǣ
Ȼ
ܹռģΨзǳ˲ſԣһûмɻⷽǿߵġ
лϹ޼Դʹʥ㿪ʼ׷ɱǣû뵽ǾȻĺ󣬷ǹ޼ټҲ֪ǲǷ⡣
ԭǶλ֪֮Ϊ¡ʥˮöҲû˿⣬ɫƽȴ͸ʡ
ǹһЦȻǰʹ
лһߴۼڴˣǵʹǲ֪ʹħǷй
֪ߴʹģʥˮö
֮ʲôҶǲ֪𣿡ǰȻ˵˵Ŀȴûš
ö۶Ȼ֪ʹӦף˵ؽƳԽս۷弶ǿߵڴˣֻᱻĨɱ
ǵֻһս۷弶ĸ־磬ܹӦĵҵΪûпأǶһгԽսʵҲЧģȻĻΰʹء
ʹöü
Ȼÿ˶Ǹ峤ĵһѡˣÿ˶иҲӵʹûõ޵ףȴ֪ܾۼߴߴ޶ɹνѵġ˵
лĸӲˡ
ʲôʲôף
ǹȴɫˣȻǵĻѾǴеĸˡ
֪ģöȵ
ͬʱĴĸҲ׷׵գȫͷųǿƣһϧһսӣûзѦ׳ǰηηŵı֡
Ҫ˿ûнţЦǺǵĵߴԴһΨܹްѽѣõףѵҪҿɸǣһҵء
˵УǾͻ𣿡öЦ
΢΢һЦζһɫĹâ㸡棬һ΢滷š
һֱվͤڵлȥӦ
ȻߴеضвǣһӦȻδء
֮
У
ĸַ˵ͺ
ҲƣҲ֮Цеĵλ˰ɡ
֮εõģ֪ߴܣλƺءö
ɺϰˡЦеĵҲû뵽ȻõΨ峤ܹõ֪֮ߴܣλ˶Ҫɱڰɡ
öߵ˶Ҫ֪ģλҲ˿ļǡ
ѩѦ׳ɺٺЦҿδŶǿܲ⣬лδأȻͶʥǣȻֻ˶ѣ˼һҪΪ֮аȻʥ̫֮ˡ

ǳ
лԣŭѣѩѦ׳ѾɱģԻǣʱûȥƵͷϾǷǵ֮ˣǾŽս۷弶ĴڣΪתȻ߽սʼû˭Ὣ߽սʼǿԴģĪǿޱȡ
лſл΢΢һЦҴ鱻٣㲻ңҲģڣǲ㶯ֵġ
лһʱ򣡡
˶ϣѦ׳¶һĨƵóѵ΢Ц


1490  ӡһ
ܻǵƣлҲû취ѵģϾѪǱ˸ģʻǶô֮ܲǣǿԣ̻ܽˡ
лΨнܡ
ȻҪսǾȥ²Ƕ֣ҪսԼҪչԼķǣ˳Ц
λս֮ǰһȽѦ׳ɱġлŹѩѦ׳ɡ
Ѧ׳ԣɫȻ
ЦҲᱻãĻһиɵȻټƽϣΣ
λ֮⡣лЦ
ԭѦ׳ɫʱ쳣ѿֻлҷ༥ǻǲͬǿ߽սʣζԿ
Ѧ׳һְʯͷԼĽŵĸо
黹ǵȵ˵ɡʥˮö˵λ֮ôǷȱľľ֮ˡ
˵ĿˢˢͶл
Ȼ֮ǰҶ϶ʥľйأ϶ľ֮
лεʼ磬ײģʥľûϵλҲҪôңҲòʲôľ֮Ŷˣ˵ʲôߴ嶼ô£
ûľ֮ö
лбҪ𣿡
ѩѦ׳ߵȻûУϹȥﲻҪ
л΢ЦĿѦ׳ɣ뿪˵أɣ
ҪˡöֹѦ׳˵ĵʥľ岻٣ûľ֮޷ʹҶòףȻл˼繫ϵŴ漣ܹ꣬ʲôľ֮Ҳδ֪
ľԣһЩľ֮ҪģҶʲôľ֮ȣ֪飬Ҫλҽһ¡л˵
öھ޳һЩʱ䣬ұϸһ°ɡһ˼·˵ʮǰѾڣֻʼδܷķƿǶǰаżڱչ⣬ǾۼĴųɾ֮ģԱ뼯ߴ߱ߵܹĨĴܴĻߴ½֮õĴţܰ˽ѣһףǣҪСףܹǼˣҼ޿Խġ
ν޿ԽǵǱƾǼ˵Ǳɾʮսʼ̫ѣ֧֣ҪԽʮսʼ޿ܣһףǽ⣬Ǵ˴ǰĶǸ峤ĵһѡˣʱи峤ڵͣĿֻһһΣͺʴ壬ħͫʮһһΣõһֻزĻᡣ
ö˵л֪ν޽ѣڵĴܻ˴˳ͻߴߵԽ֮⡣
ߵô£л
ڴ嶼û˵ȻԴڣҲл͸¶ġ
һӶ֪ߵĴڡ
ߴʥߴģҲǵ˻ʺǾŴĸĲֻǺͺڰ峹ûѪֻߴôߵÿһһö˵
ԭǺʥйأǲǺй׿»Ǻıĳϵɡ
лߵʲôã
ߵֻһãö˵
ǰûЦɣߴ廹лЦҲм޵ģʹռĽ壬ҲٶȽˣߴҲռģϾֻ߱һѪģռųɾߴģȻﵽޣٽ
ߴȻ޷ǰȫɱ䣬ǵյĶö͵ʥˮ壬ˮԵģͨˮԸĶûʲôԽʮսʵļôͨˮ֮Ϊʥˮ֮ǰ
ף
ߵȻΪ׶õġ
ⷽı仯лģĶͽΪıսǶ׵ַԺʥǵ˶ȫֻʱ⣬ߴȴҪ˳ԽʮսʣܹߵǿɾͲˡ
춷ףҲӦˣٵĴĳͻߵǡܹ鷳ġö˵
ö׵ҿûСл
öĶҪȱ˵Ķǿ
лû
սȶǿͲˣܹĽսʼܹԽսܵģ֪ע⵽Ǻ顣
ľԣǿܹںôɴľ֮ˡö˵
ںл΢΢һüǲ̫ܡ
һɣģҲ߱ں
öЦãҲɴﵽҪˡˣҾ͵״̬ĵȴɡ
Щ˱˴˼䶼жԹΨʥˮöұȽ⣬ûʲô֮öŮԣԴҶӣҲˣĻҲ㷴
˱ͤڣһ䣬ʼԼ״̬
ˣлҲ߾衣
΢ϰϰˮܵĻݷҷƮʹ˵еõɣ˶һȫȻ״̬С
غˮ΢紵
лҲȥеޱȵķɣۻսٵתս۷弶սľԵ̬⣬лΧһɵϢ
ʱȻš
ת˲䣬Ϧ£¶ǳ׺ԵĻ谵һƬļžڰǱ޵˱㱻һ˿޵ѡ
Ƿ׷۾
˴˶֪Ҫˣ
ֻҪ޳鷳ǾǵʹܹޣؿɵõѾõף
Ψһлеġ
ǾǿΪʲôߴ嶼ԸأȻõףܹǳԽʮսʣɿܹ˰޵ĿҲԶ׼ģǾͲ޳֮󣬻һָŴ½ռݵ
ࣣ
һ΢춯
Ϳƽĺˮʼðݣһˮðֲϵѣһ˿˿溮ޱȵޱȵƵðȽ棬ɵϷ
ϿմԼʮ׵λ֮Щݱ㿪ʼƯÿһڶֵһӰлϸȥĻȴ޷ħӰľ峤ࡣ
ȵΧȽԶȼ߼ҪֲĶлҪʥͷ


1491  ӡ
˼ȵǧѵһǺȶﵽǳĸ߶ȣлԣȻżο⼫ȵڲϵţֻҪﵽ𼶱ĻȽ棬ЧǾ;ԿлʥҪˡ
ȻǴﵽʥػʥҪǾһػ֮ܣʥػʥһػ֮ܣӵģػ֮ܣнӵĴڣֻ˵ػʥ塣
ΨгӣܹΪػʥ塣
лҪʼûĻðĺȽǡǡ
ǻˣ֮ˣڴ
ϾлıѩѦ׳ɣлԼһУ˭Ҳѱǲûֵġ
лͬ
ǵͽģ䵨ӴĻҽͱҪ˵ɣܹСĵһ׳졣
˷Ҳϸùģ˵ģٴ幫϶ᱣоҺʥˮö˵ܹףռĿ꣬ԲлܵвӶӰǣԿΣգʵ򲢲¡
лһ
ؿռӺһ
Щ˵ʵؿռӶûκ壬лôҲǷֹ˿æʲô
ǿռһɣȻγɸ翴ˡ
л㿪ʼڴӺˮðǼͼȵٵ۹ȥ
ɢ˵ɣЩ˵Ҳûɶо˵ȰɣҲûӦһǴΧĺӿͤڣĸֶս۷弶ǿߣҲо˺ȣǻֻǱȽһֶѣǿе͸лͷųĿռ֮һжһ˿֮⣬жˡ
лʥ飬Ҷ֪ġ
Ѱ·ѩѦ׳ЦڵĶ㶯
΢ǻǼ̸֪ˣߵ˭ҪƻõףĻᣬҶǵһɱ
Ѧ׳ɫ΢䣬ǣ츳Ѿ㹻ôᣬ˵ӦûбҪ˽Ŵ²Ŷ԰ɡ
һҲڵûҹ壬Ӧճʱ򣬾ͱ㷢֣Ҽ˲ǣûбҪһõףģʣ㵽ʲôĿġ
Ҫʲôûʸѯʡߵ
˱˵ŭĿӡ
幫ףұõ˭ƻҴΪУ
ı̬ѩѦ׳ɺһֻ÷
һжлԣǺġ
ǽ˻ᣬȫ
ʥʣͬʱҲаģлսҲڲϵС
ϵ溮ȵ塣
лҲɵеֻɫðͳͳ·𱻿һ㣻Ұɫɢɭɭĺ⣬Ҫļ󣬺衣
溮ϵؽ档
ͬϵض죬һ㣬ԭǽ״ãƺһͼڰȽлļͶȶõһĽ渡һЩͼơ
ȳǴ̼սǿš
ս۷弶Ѿ޵ĽӽսʣʵսʵȣŽһĲࡣ
лٽսһܹͻơ
սϵǿлҲоԼԽԽӽսıԵ·ʱܿȥһ㡣
أǺԽԽ̬
޼ðĺǰðҪʮǹ֮ǰʮ౶Ҳܵǣ׷׵עл壬ĳﵽ˼ޣȫ˵ʹࡣ
ԭȣҲ溮ġ
ﵽǳزʱле޷ǰʹ࣬ʱҪĸо
ˣ
һɫĹֱ㸡лΧ
Ҳܵǣһע⵭ɫĽڣػ֮ܺѾǳϡ⵽˳ǺʱĵɫĽӹֱøϡ洫ѿ졣
ǡ
һ춯֮󣬺ϵӿ롣
ٿǵɫĽӹ֣ˣɵֵսʵȫһȴѺۣѸٵӡ
źϴлȻ˫Ŀͺƣ
꣡
ƵĵɫӵʱѿĵɫƬ
ЩɫƬƯлΧÿһ涼溮ȵϵسţƺҪƬٶȱŸġ
һ£л׼Ƭʱ򣬽ɫȻԺиֳӰ
лҪȳڵҲæջȥôˣ±֣
Ѿö½ƣõߴ֧֣ںѴҵĽơɫ˵
ʲôޣʲôףߴô£Ϊʲôߴ岻޳Ժ˼ս𣿡лһͳͳ׳ŽɫĽͻϸģʥˮöһЩᱬġ
ɫЩܼ򵥣ڻʱһΣػʥӵ
лһ̽Щʱ׵Ժ
ʲôûԼʵҪ
ҵķԸ㾡ܵǺҵķԸĽҡɫ˵
л΢һͷж
ʱֹͣƬΪػ֮ܣȫպ
ԭ溮ޱȣޱȵһԶͳͳӺͤںƺƵľۼ
Ũȣ߽սʵĻҲòʼԼеֿʵǵ޷˱̬ĺ
Ѧ׳ɵս۷弶ǿѾʩչ߳ɣҹһռ䣬
ԽԽأͤڼγ˱֮Դ
Ѧ׳ɡСҡöս۷弶ǿ׷ѡ뿪ͤӣƯڿУ޷ֿĻķǳµģǵ״̬ܲ
Ҳò뿪
ͤӾͱлһ˰ռ
װŪ뿪˵أѦ׳ɺ޺޵ĵ
ȫգʹлָĿռѾŨһ׵λö͸
ɫҲʼ
ɬЩŨĺ׷׵һĺСϪÿһһɫƬϵעУ˶ע룬Ƭȴûбѡ
ﵽһ̶֮ЩƬ㷢˾˵Ĵ仯


1492  һ
ƬŽɫ￪ʼת䣬ǱĴ壬õ˶ĺӳ֣޴ġ
һԼƴСƬƯлǰ
лϸĸӦţϾЩƬˣܹ֪һУĸоУ·ЩƬڵĺĳĿ֮£ƬںϣڣʹƬη仯
öƬȻΪһŵӡ
һöƬתϣƬ׷׵תûãƬڵĺͶƬ׵ںϣȻƬתΪţ·ţ˻΢
лŶΪԴȪģлܹоÿһŵһ˿˿һŵǿٸĻȴ൱Ŀ¡
ɫ̵ͺȵ
߶ȼелϲٿսӿЩſ׷׵Ļǰ
ٻöػ֮ܣ
õָл̽ػܷ֮ų
޻ѾԸػ֮տҲһǿ޻Ҳ뿪Ĵ񵶣񵶶Կ޻ĳɳǽɫֻ൱սʵлԣѾûжãϾлսɼսս۷弶ǿߣһ˿ȥ߶ɫ磬ԼòʧʶɫѾعе档
оҵǣɫٶȿڡ
öػ֮·š
ло·һεе棬ǣǰлЩŸǰȥ
ܼܿű㻮Ϊ֣ÿһֶͣһöػ֮ܵǰ棬ЩţЩͬ󲿷ȴǲͬģǾо˵Яȵġ
ػ֮ܣɫȵ
л΢һͷٿսȫ
ЩűҵĲöػ֮ܿ£ȥ׷׵Ľ档
ϣлͺȵ
öػ֮Ҳų⻪еŷ׷׵У·Ƕ棬ɫٶ
ſʼѣػһͼơ
ͼʼǿᣬӵۣеŶתΪͼƣöػ֮ܿȥ͸ӵƯˡ
лҲԸоöػ֮ܵķõ൱֮ǰˡ
лػֵܱܹ֮ս۷弶ǿߵȫһôսʵĹҲڻˡ
ǻڡɫЦ
лԣһػܱ֮ںɲǼ䣬ģսܲ
̫ˣɴ˷սʣҲ㹻İսܡлܵĵǰаս۷弶ǿһսȴûжٰջʤսҲõ൱ԼսõһԿɺɨһսʵǿߡ
ܽ޵ս׵ĻǻԺ߽ս󣬶԰죬Ҫ˼ҵ͹㣬лʤĻᡣɫЦ
л޿²ǳޡ
ɫĵΪֻг޲ܹɷµ۵е̫ڿҵжϵȷǳˣ޿Ǳȳ޻ҪµĴڡ
ļпޣлʵ
Ӧޣɫ˵
ãȻҡҡͷл״˵ǰӲ֪ޡ
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ôνط޵츳һлֹ
츳ֻ츳ʵ̫̬ݼһ壬ǱʶУû˽䵱츳ɫ˵
츳޵ף
ıһ츳
ܵõޣ̳ư£
롣ɫƺ֪л뷨Ҫõ޵ģԹͲ֪ж٣ÿһɹģǴҵģһҶã̾ͻᱻȺ֮Ӧеɡ
л΢һ룬ˣû˭Ըñ˶󣬳ư£ͳεģԵõޣǾĻˡ
ս죬ܹܣҪһߣҲܹοܴ˻治࣬ɳʱ򣬿ܵѪӡӰ죬ȵЩǿ߳ҲѸٳɳˡɫ˵˵Ϊʲô˶ƫ˭ǵǲܣͺ壬ʷԻ͵ʱǿߣʥԶֻоŸ޷ƵĹɣӦطƣҲ⣬עֻΪ˼սܲ˼ڲս
νĪ編лҲ˽⣬һӡ
ʢ˥ҲһǱĬķ
ߵô£ӦúеĹϵɣлһ׳
ɫ˵ʵǾ嶷׵һˣʲô
лȻ
ʱһλ޵мʦдֶΣţ˵ʱǰĸı䶷ֶΣֻǶŴˣֻҼеһ򵥵İ취ҲֻȰˣԶյַأҪɶףҲǷǳ鷳ıҪԽʮսʼҪ鷳úܡɫ˵
Ϊʲôģ
леʧνߵҲԸԼʲôвˣҲ׷ʡ
ɫٴʧ
վǲǿµޡ
ռ飬лվͤڣŨĺҲ׷׵ĻɢƯں֮ϡ
Ҳ»عͤڡ
ֻǿлĿⶼЩ仯ˡ
ߣģ֪ЩʲôıֶΣҿҪСˣҪ޳С˸ˡѩѦ׳ɵ
лƲһۣҲ
Ѧ׳ˣõİ취뿪˵أնɱԺӾ徻ˡ
ڵĺˮûñƽ
ھͤӴһٶ׵ĵطʼðˮЩˮۼһ𣬹һ޴ˮϵطӿš
޼׼áʥˮöͺȵ
ʥˮ壬ˮ֪һڣ˶о񣬲ٹˡ
ǵϼ
ʥˮöˮɫĳȹ汻һˮɫĹţƲһĵ͸һ˿˿ˮյˮ֮
ǵ˸ɫΣ΢Ʈ֮
ҵ˫Ŀڵɫâһĵ⣬һ˫۾棬֮Ҳǿʢһ
һе֮һС磬ʳָⲻϵš
ѩѦ׳ɵ֮ΪѩѦ׳·裬ʹƱѩһ㡣
ͬʱ֣վелҲܵεȻ̼սٵҡ


1493  
ô£
лʲô
лģȻڵ
л׼սϵʱ򣬾˵һĻˣҲͬʱʣǹֻÿϣñ˷ʥǡ
лҲһ
Ҳ޷͡
ԭսУܵĳǣһ̴̼սתԾ˵ٶţ׳ţ⻹꣬һ΢л۹ȥ
һ΢磬һߣһɫһĨ׹⣬һˮһƬѩͳͳлȥֵƾβٿأ޷ֹͣ׷׵š
лأҲΪ֮УҲҪضϡ
Ŭ޷赲壬ͳͳתս֮ڣʹսӸݣн׵ļ
˵ģһڸ£ǶˣǵˣҪȡءѩѦ׳ɽµ
ʥˮöҲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʵţ˵޷ܵ飬ǻףʱδףĸڣܹ
лô¡ʥˮöɫ
лЦҲ֪
㲻֪ѵԼ岻ɣѩѦ׳ɺȵ
޹ءл
ʵڣ㻹Ʊ磬ߺߣǿʥ֮ĿˣС˰Ǵ룬ף벻㾹Ȼ˵̰Ҫһ˶ףѩѦ׳ߵĵ
һɱлӿ
ǰѦ׳ɾεĹѾޱȵķУ˷ȻԼ۵ҪӶԪףǿɺޡ
ɱȶһɷлϼ
սսǸ߰Ѧ׳ɵĿ͸űɱ֮⣬ɱˣѽͷ֮ޡ
ôɱڣȡɱǣлл޳ܱɻ쵰Ѧ׳ƿڴ
лҧأսȭͷҪŭˡ
ԣԥ֮ʣǺˮӿˮԽԽ󣬽а׷Χڣһ˿˿ĵ˻޼
ʥˮö˫΢΢Ķƺʲô
һǷɣҪлӶɱ뿪Ѱʥľˣľ֮Ȼлġһ
Ѧ׳ɽеͬ⣬ɱ
ǰ粽˵Ƽۻӿ
㲻ɣл֪ûˣҲǰһ
˱ɶž档
ʥˮöϺȵ
˾һ٣׷׿
ֻʥˮöӣüü¶һĨϲ֮ɫƺõʲôָʾ
˼״׷
лҲ⣬ȫչĶֻͨԼƺ˵ɾһ֡
ܶ϶Ӻˮ´
ǵȷڴʲô
ãʥˮöŻָ̬Ц޸ңǵݵлϣΪ˵лҪԶǵĶߣǵҪߣԴݸ޽ҳŵһÿһף
öûɣѩѦ׳ɽе
öߵöûбҪڴ˵ȴϺıҪ˵䣬߶ˮ֮лڣսںϣͬʱ˵˭ǲԸʱ޻ģʱ򣬻õ޵ףҿɲұ֤
ЩԥѦ׳ɣԣֻùԹԵĽ
һΪǵ֪ģл
Ѧ׳ɺͻɫ࣬ȴ޷ֻ͸л
Ҳ׷׽֮֮͸лʹлһӾ߱սڣԵս̫ϡ٣ƺ޷˶
ȥ࣬ںϵĻл֪սȫɵģܵĴ̼սּٵ͡
ֻһգ۵Ĺл͸оԼ޽ӽսʾˣƺֿɼֻƬ̱ɿһ硣
˱仯лϲ
Ҫ֪ս۷弶սʣǻҪһҪأһƲ֪࣬ѶˣҪ֪ͼľս۷弶Ҫõʱ䣿ЩһҪ೤ʱſԴﵽأǼԽߣԽͻƵĸԭڡ
лѹԼơ
֪ͻƣܵıƽ߶սϵ˷սٵ
ĸȫſ̼ͿлΧѩƮָܶ׹˸һˮת΢紵һͷҷǾڱ֡
ͬʱۼһ˵ϣεѹȸҲǷǳ˵ġ
һȫлһ̣лսҲﵽ˶㣬ͻƾǰ
ͻƣ
лǿ˷ܣȻѡͻơ
Ψͻƣܹȫͻƣõϵش̼սлĲٿ֮£ٵתȫͬӰļš
תʮȦ
սҲʮΣÿζһ㣬Ҳﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣлǿŹ͸У߶սת
أ
بлǰսʵ谭ڱײơ
ͻˣ
Դлʽսʼ
ʵͻƣսһлսǿɲֹһǿϾлս㹻ˣӵĶҲȵ
սЩɢҲͳͳӿսڡ
սʹսתΪ߲ɫлϱһ߲ʹ⻪֡
Ǽ״ѿڶ
ʥˮöʲô
ǵĵ˵Ŵľŵϣκζ˲׵ҲЩ̵ҪΣյлȻԼ㹹ٺ٣ڲͬ
˴幫֪֮⣬֪лĶͽΪıսˡ
ǵĿⶼ˸Ź⺮Ѧ׳ɣе̰ǲεģҺʥˮöʲô뷨ѿĳ
лɨһۻǣ֪Ƕ࣬˵ȴԴԼĿġ
Ŀ
л֪ۣԼԼı䶷ķΪǵĿ꣬ȴ幫κ˶ţǾܲĵģһᣬһս
ҪսսɣսʣսףǲɣлҪ֪ҵʵ


1494  ףսһ
սлıڼɵǰеκһˣĪĻǣҲһս
еҲ͸¶лı仯˶ʶˣֻǿ뷨ǲͬġ
ںսγ
лϵ߲ϼˮ棬ʹ峺ĺˮȥӵʣӳ֮⣬ƻá
Уľõϴ
ȥ
ǰڰʱ򣬺ˮڷˮȻܷͣԲǧڵԪͻȻֹͣ·ʱ侲ֹһ㡣
ţˮ·һ޴ĺڶĳȡؼԪһԶӿˮڡ
лǺˮ˶Ԫ̲סȥϷһҲܹΪİɣʵԪ̫ˣɴ˿ɼһͽޱȿֲĳ׿ڰ
Ԫϵس룬ͤڵҲȻԪϵؾ˶ڽŵڴУΨлȻӽɫ֪޵ݣ֮µĲǱķԹҲ޵ףԼǱ˻ᣬԪ
лõںս˷ԪҲ൱̬ġ
ֻƬ֮䣬лȹ˾磬һ˿˿ɵôϲա
ֱˮֹͣԪ
лͣ
𣡡
һͳ޺Ӻˮ·
л˵ľ涼һ˵Ҳˣǵľ涯һ¶ѣлҺ̬ȴڽУһ²Ȼмٽ׵ļɵôϲ
ƺޣлĺôѾ㹻ˣսףȻ˷ܵġ
ˮһ˶Ӻˮ¸
峤ԼʮףǰڰʱԾܹħ޵һɫƬÿһƬȭͷСʵȫţظˮ档
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ͷ­ûǣһ˫۾ǰС˸ŻɫĹâƺлȼգڱǺܹһбĺţһ壬ޱȵĽ׳Ӧ;£ҲʵƬȥƺԸǿҪ֪壬ҲۣǱĵط޾Ȼȫûа㣬һβչҡΡ
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ʥˮöǰöӦ죬һ
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Ψлδڣɫƽ㷴޵ע⣬л߲ʹ⻪ҫǽҪһˣ벻עҲѡ
ǰл޶Լ㹧
ſȴҲò
ܺãͬʱ֮֮߱ľ֮ص㣬˵Ǵ˷Ĺؼڣұл޿ڵ
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лǰ˻
Ǻǣνضһۼ֮ȻͻᱻֻԶԶ㱾˵Ӱ죬еޣʶоˡ˵䣬ӴҲС
С׸ߣվںˮϡ
ǰָ㣬Ҹл
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лԣٿ
߲ʹ⻪սӿøӵѤöʣʹͤӶȥޱȵѤлҲͬǺҹеԣۡ
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𣡡
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ѾŹͺڰʧĹͺڰ˾͹ɾŴС
лսԴԴϵҲģӵ˲ָȫԵһʱָ
ȴ֪޶ܹóԼս֣⡣
еõ޵ͣҲлδ뵽ġ
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֮ԳΪޣһħ޶ҪǾΪ޾߱ĴںתΪǱޡ
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޺ͬʱ
޵·ֱħ޵Ӱ
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ʷ˶ǳԽʮսʵĴڡ
޺͵ħЫƺɳҲʮսʰˣǾȻʷ֮
ƺǵĲ⣬ĵ޺͵ħЫܵѪħޣѪ䣬ǶһĴڣĹϵҳȻһĳ޺͵ħЫǽѪǿ̬
Ѫ䣡лѿڶ
Ѫ˺ħ𣿡Ȼ
лͷ˼˵в٣ֻǺ֣ЩѪдġ
޳дѪ䣬һɶΪҪһ˼Ĵı
ǰ֪ʲôıл
֪ǻδǾͻɱҵġ͸һɭĺ⣬Ȼʮ㡣
޵ı֣л˷ܲѡ
Ȼ磬ô֣ȻҲȻֵġ
лжϣ޵ʵѾԽʮսʵĵز˼ԿһĻˡ
𣡡
ٽ̸˻һͷϵľŲ㻺£͸
ǽӰʷӰħӰ׷׵ıǾŲʹ⻪ţһĹֱ޵ͷ
ۼͷǾζ޵ԴȪͷϷ
ɣлֹһħԴȪǶڣ屣ҲѣͷϷǾױˡ
֮룬޵Ϣһ˿΢ı仯
˵ԭ޸˵ĸоǾһϢеߣȻħжĴڣȴ޻ʵĸолߣĴڡ
֮⣬޵ͷҲðһǣԴȪλñ


1495  ףս
޵ԵЩ̣ܲɱлĳǲΪתΪģĸ൱Ĵ׳һһ˿˿תԶ׼úܶࡣ
ɳǣĴ治ϵֵĻܿǵ֮ͣʹǿȥ˵Ľ⡣
𣡡
һУڿնϱ㸡־Ųͷ׵ĹâȫȻѸٵ⻪ĵںϡ
Ĵ˴˳ͻ
֮ʷ֮߶ͬȼ˴˼Ҳйͬ㣬ںϵҲ̫ѣΨ޺͵ħЫǱУʮͬھԿġ
޲ٿؾŲʵн֮ʷ֮ںϣȻ󽫳֮ںϣһħЫ
˳һСʱ
ںĴΪһ壬ΪԼ֮л˲ɵðһ
ǱΪҪںĴǷǳѣڿںʵһ㶼ѣûʲôΣա
ںĴޱ㱼ͤǰ
Ĵ˴˳ͻȻλƿأΣʱ̣Դвǵ֧ҳ׽ҪлġЦһͷŲ

ǹڰľ֮ںϣ˴ˣս֮Уһ㲻һ㲻ٵĻعлڣ״ָ̬۷ʱڣеۻھڷٵǺˬġ
ұףıǵ츳Ǳ˵
ǵǰһĵǰǲҪǰף
Ƴһۣ˫ĿһĨ
Ŀ鲻ԽĴҪ֪޿ǳԽʮսʵĴڣ磬ܱǵġ
뵽ԼеĿģԾûǰȫ
ðɣжر֮ҽĹؼұȫ㣬˵һȥ޵
лǰǼЩˡ
Ʈɵͤ档
лҲ߳ǰҲҪף
ţҹ츳ҲȷʵҪܳԽңȷҪˡ˵
˵ɣ˵ĶУȴͬա
˶𺳵һʱסˡ
ƾлЩı֣ҲлܹԽʮսʼǾûһ˸ȥлܹﵽ޵ĸ߶ȣϾ޾˵Ȼߵľˣû뵽ϣԽޣǶôֲǱ
幫ҪƲסеĿϲҴѡ֧ллɾͣȻܹջԻ͵ġ
ļͬʥˮö˳˼УܹΪδ峤һѡˣõף֮ǾעΪ峤ˣǵľδˡ
Ǽʥǣʥǣһѽ⡣
޲ƣѣˣѣҪ֪лУһȥȻִѹģʥǵһĿܡ
ѩѦ׳ɺһ˱˴˶˵гɱ΢΢ͷʱԹͬ棬Э顣
һƽףҪ֮ǰҪилζҵİЩඡЦǺǵĵ
лȻף
Ҳͬʱ䡣
Ҫлƽףѵлʲôֵ޿صɣлȻҲܵõ޸ĺô
һʱ˵˼ٶȲ
лһˡ
ʲô׵ıǮԶ׼ɫǹؼ
ûףµȻ˵˺ȸף˵
лӦһȻ˺
ǲվ˱˴˶һۣ¶һĨЦ⣬ֻЦ֮£ڲصɱġ
ǱͶлбɱ⣬Ӽᶨ뷨
ȻлҲ֪Ŀġ
˵δ뿪˵أҪٻǣѩѦ׳ɺһеΧɱˡ
֮⣬ǽԼΪܳԽ޵ȥɽڵľŴжĸ־пȺ֮
Σأ
ȻҪףǿҪúÿһ£װһԼˣ뿪˵أ͸һľϲ
ֱַվλá
츳󣬼ûҵףճΪʮս۷弶ʵҲʱ⣬ҪԽĵɵĻᣬڸĻҪ󣬻ü˵
˶ᶨҪף
ǵĿľʮİտԽʮսʼ
ֻҪɹԽ磬ôδһк˵ǿ԰е츳ߣͬԽʮսʣķչǱȻġ
Σޱ㲻ٿڣ츳
һƵİɫ޵߿ҡҷֱϡ
׹ϴӣ˷·ԡ֮С
Լ֮󣬰׹ɢ
лǰ˼
޵ĵҪлңǰҵı꣬߰ɡ
лͻҪĶҲֻ뿪
ǰѦ׳ɺͻплЦһȥ
öɫӣǷߵһʮ·ڣѡʱ˼ƷƱ仯ٲ񣬿ǾҪΣˡ
Ψд幫¶˷֮ɫ
ȥֻʣһޡ
޵һĨĶԻ˵
¶֮ɫǰ
ҹ״̬岢ı壬Ŀɶԣ͸һ˿ѹ
ǿѹ֮£˫΢΢еǰǰ֮ˣ׷ɱѡתġ
ߣ귽İ֪Ĳ࣬ȴҲвֹⷽĴУ㲻ҪؾᣬҲɱˣж˵漴ɫ䣬ǣҲϣһεתһЩֽţ֮ҲȻ

û뵽޾Ȼˡ
ô㻹תĵ
ҡǸɬĵ
һһɺѪϷɳҵһѪ㽫ںκƫȥɡ
лǰлǰСĽӹһѪ
л֪Ȼת޷ϣҪ޵Ѫ鷳ġ
õѪĶҲ뿪ˡ
ֻʣлޡ
ɡ޵
лóöۣ۳ɫӰ
ɫ̷ŴͤϷޱ˴˶ţҪ׿ԣȽҵĲָּ


1496  ףս
ڽɫļ䣬ǿǰһغıĳܣҪС
л֪ˡ
޳ƾʵһʲŶԣȻɫҪġ
¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ɫٺЦô㻹ԸӦ
ҲԸӦ޿л΢΢һһĨʵĹ֣̹һл棬ɫн̸
ٶлܲʹ졣
ѾľȻ˶Լ
лҲǽ̸ݣɫҲ׵˵ģϾŵҪֵģֻܶԴ˸ɵۡ
ֻǸģлܹɫ˵ĭɣȻּۻۡ
лЩĵΧķ羰
Ҳ˼뿪˵֮󣬿ٵܹ뿪аżڣ̫ʥǼŶڴ˵أ뿪ǾҪΣˡ
ߣֻԡ
˼Уɫ޶΢ЦĳлǰȻǴĺЭ顣
Сһڸöĳŵ˰ɣжرȽаɡɫ˵
޵жر˵ɣҪʲôֻҪģҪһ
ʱ޻̡
Ҫõǰһսףл
ܽף޾ȵ
лأǰΪܡ
ãҪңսҪܽ׵ʲôزν׵ģȻлȤ
Խ׵ĵزл

ԣһ漴Цߴߵøˣνս磬˵ǳԽ֪ٱĿֲˡ
ˣϹʱһλǿߴİ취ҪܴʹףǰڴУǰĴϵӦҲġл˵
ðɣҾ͸һ޵
лɵôϲ
սףսؽ
֮ޱͷųһǳ΢ȥû˿߳㣬·ʱܶѣл˵Ѿ㹻ˣϾ޵ĵȼ̫ˡ
лϥһ
㿪ʼһսںϣս
ȫսͳͳĻع鵤ڣŨһ飬лǿѹƣ۳һȭͷСԲƯǽ׵Աߡ
սϵѹսԲͿʼϵСﵽֻкҴСĵزȻһ룬չ
һͺһϵضսӹһ㡣
˹Ԫս֮ͬȴҲЩͬûʵųȫĽס
ˡ
лϴ춯
ս֮תԶɢ׵״תȫģлҲȥȴǲûн뾭ܵĳǣһģǽ׵Χ
е˼޵˫Ŀ⣬ֱӿ͸л壬˵ڱ仯һй̡
ֻе˼ɫĵ
Ա߻һ֪֪׵ĴڣЦҳϣ׽֮вҡܹɱҵ˰ɡ
ǣɫƲ
Ͳܸҵӣô˵ҼүӺҲֵܶԲұѱɱܹȡһΪ˻ʺȣɳһҲ˼ǰͲܰҵɶӿƵĵ
ɫ۵ϵҰ㣬ֻΪıҪ˵㣬ôһָ䣿
εĵҲ밡ҪǱ²аܲһָļ䣬ȥ˯ٻָɡ
ߣף㻹׼ҪĶɡɫ
˼Ҳ̫İɡ޸Ц
ɫֻҪһŲʷˡ
޵ЦݵʱӲϰ죬ſڵУУ˼ҹȻݣҺûָ䣬ȻĻ϶ҪõĶٺ١
ᵽɫҲֻΡ
ļҪָԶô򵥣õİ취ԾǼȡ㹻
ܹôĳĴΪӦ֪ʹ˰ɣɫɫָࡣ
ţס޳ҿ϶˼
ɫаգ
һ·һ׼Ӧòѣһǡ¶֮ɫ
ҲҪУȻ˼Ҫħĺˡɫ
һһ޶ɫء
ǵĽ̸лģⶼǿڵģ֮ǰлνĽףҲǷֹл֪̫࣬ӰľǾ͵òʧˡ
һսԽԽࡣ
Сʱսͳͳϣͳͳδлľתһ˿ǣŻڽеΧ
лܹӦĳǣԽеס
ƺеҲҪսһЩĴƵء
׽ף״ﵽ־磬лҲˣֻνףԾԼԾܶġ
е½һĴڣе
űǽеͷųһĽɫ磬һٶҲ޺ͽɫע⡣
лӲ鿴ͷ֣ǽеײϵͷųɫ磬һĽɫںϡ
㹻ĽɫУе»ָž
ٿȫڷٵлԵĸоѾﵽ൱ĸ߶ȡ
˼ֻǽеװˣѵҲлһЩʶ˼棬ʹ߱˼򵥵Ϊ˽һ޾ȵĵ
ɫ֪׽ױȽ⣬ԼҲǽ˼ɵ׻ҵ
ף޳Ծĵ
û£׵崫ȥγ׵Ӧʧģʧʱǡ˳ǸС˿ʹĺܣʮֻأϵֻذ壬ͷųһ㱾Դ֮𣬲˼ȻɵǴٽӦղҽףҲ˼õ֮ӵĸԭҲˣһױɫ͵
һתЦˣһҪõףָȫ䣬׹ͲϧԼȫлںףһοԽʽĽס
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Сӵǵõıˣ˵أ΢Ӧһ£ȻܹɱҵĿܣ׵Уѹ֣ѹ֡޵
ɴлҲ۾ǰͣΪսѾʾǰ͸ְɡ
СӺܶһΪˣ֮ǰΪսνߣ޸׻ɢõҵȻٶȽףںϽɫ磬ȻдתΪճ״Σ׻ɢƻͳΪսɣ


1497  ˫ʴСһ
ս
ȻķΧ񵫷ǾΪģ綷ȫл۳ճ״Һı֣Ĳ˵ͨҺ̬Ĳࡣ
ͬľҺ̬ƻֹͨսĲ͸ˡ
ԭսǶı
սΪսټϽͷųĽɫںϣʹս
лȥձƴһ۱ɿյսǱ߱߱лսͬĸ߱ս񵶵߳ĶԽȼնɱ߽սʣ
žÿһĲ࣬лҲǸˡ
ֳսʵˣսֻ˼ս۷弶֮һҲ˵ս۷弶л屶ֵأǾͷˣƽһ£лսԶ׼ҲǿĶࡣ
лıﰡ
ȫӳսлɺɨһսʣ߽սʣҲҪʲôεĲв
ˣ޿ǻһöҪ͸ءɫЦ
öлһ
ܹɫһ˵öģǿɾԲͨ
ǿۣóһë
Ųʹ⻪ֵëһңһ˿΢лδҲܹӦŲëڵһЩϤУϤбʷԡ
Ųʷ𣿡лϲ
ллޡɫЦ
лϽллǰ衣
ֹǾŲʷ˵һֻ֮ôһëκħ޻øĻᣬ츳ǱõԵɱ䣬ճɾȾҲȫġ
һСѡһνӣǾŲʷ׸л
ӹŲʷле̺ŵ壬Ī⣬·ĳת֪һ£ܹƵء
Сɫͷ
һ֪ɫдٵ뷨ϽҸոճ
֪ɣһΪȭף֮ǰ˼侳磬ڵõ֮ڻָУҹչŻҪһµʱܹɣͷѵָɡɫ˵
ΪǱٵһЦ򵥡
лķ޵ĳֶԼ̫ˡ
ػʥ壬ΪͻƣսΪսֵõŲʷȭ׽ףǴǰ
óȭס
ָٶȲõı֮ЩƷ޵
֮ľƷлȻ巽Ҳδ±֮иߵֵ֮˵
Ц֮ȻдƷͨģЩƷƷҲļȭ׻ָָļȭ׶ͨսʼͨı֮Ըߣ⾫Ʒı֮ҪµĴеģܹıȭ׵ƷʣΪսʼеĶڣ
Ʒսʼļȭףǲѷɫսʽ
˼ȭ񵶣Σ
лصе㼤ڴǿս֤һսˡ
˫һͣǼȭױƯ
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޷һͳ˻ٶȱŲʹ⻪֮γһԲȦڼȭ档
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һԲȦ£ڽеļȭױ΢Ĳٽףɢսʼеǹɷ֮⡣
տʼ֮һ㣬ǿҡ
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𣡡
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ٿǼȭųİɫΣ·һ㡣
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ͲҪȥˡɫڵһ֮ѪϾŲʷȻ߱˳ɾǿʸ񡣡
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ǵĶԻ޻˷ܵؼҪһˡ
ȻԳ޺ʵľ磬ζΪħ޽һĴڰ
Ҫףû飬ڼȭ׿ֻǷӲǿѣʱ䳤ˣе侳ġѵ
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ڣ϶硣Ƴһлֻϧʵ̫ʵɷӳѵȫʱ򣬺ٺ٣¾Ҳֵסȫһնɱ˰
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лˣԼǲŷ񵶰ٷ֮һɴ񵶣µ˭
ļȭףȥ˫ʴаɡ޴߶Ǵļȭױлϡ
żȭף񵶣лսսʵػʥɣȫװˡ
˫ʴУλʵĴУɫʵ
аʺħʵĴУҽģȻ⴫ò󣬶ˣӦǼء޵
ħʣֲʣϹڵħ֮ǰħʻֻһͨİ˽սʶѣǸʱڻҼģǺħ֣ħȻȻĴħӪɱսԼʮս۷弶ľ磬˾вٿصħħʶΪħʡ
л΢һ㣬ҵĿꡣ
˫ʴߣѵѡ
ҲϢˣΪôҪ˯һҵʱ䡣ɫ˵Żعöڡ
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һХҸȥˡ
ǰҪѰ㣬ȥʲôطл뵽޵츳ЩǸʥǵʩչǸöð
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˵꣬㻯һ⣬ʧԶ
ɽ
лͷɽϹʥ˼ͨĵطҲ¯ڣǸͨӦøӵıգгԽʮսʵĴڣҲԴ򿪰ɡ


1498  ˫ʴС
޵飬лʱԺٵľ˫ʴеᣬϾаżʮǿߣɢޣǿɲ׵Ľ˫ʴнġ
ҪȡΨһս
л񵶱󣬽ϵļȭףսʵǿսս߰񵶣ڿն뿪˵ء
뿪ĳ¶Ҳָ˳̬
һлع
лҲаʿռСڷţѰҾۼĸĵطǱȻ˫ʴڵء
һ·Улľۼء
ÿһۼضųǧӵţ˴аռСڵı
ΪаµĴӪԴأһֵ֧أ֪ܹռĶһģǷƷ
ٵķУԾɽӡ
һСʱƾлٶȣԺС½ˣſһͷܶа˾ۼĵطһɽȡ
ܵĸɽÿһʮ׵ĸ߶ȣɽұ˴ʮأγһ޴ԲȦһӴɽȣɽڣӿˣԵӵдĿռ
ɽλãһ̨
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˫ʴڡ
˾ǣ̨ƯڿУа׵ĸ߶ȣֱûΧĸɽ֮ڡ
·̨ܹȡΧʮ׸ɽڵ
·߸壬ֱ߸Ҳǿ̨ĵص㣬Ҳ൱Ķ࣬һǿ
֮ǰлǰȥħʱ򣬾ʮ۴˵ء
ȴֻ߸ĽټԶ׼ǹУҪȡаżڵǲ̫ܵģƲǱߣǱɱˡ
оǣлδԨԴɽ\Ԩ
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ΨǺ֣侲쳣˫бѩѦ׳ɺһУʶ֪
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սлϼһȥʥǣһȴչŮΪ㾪УŮΪ˵ɣǲǶҵŸȤҪȥ
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װ֪Ȼ룬ûǸ£ŮϲĲʵˣҪǳ˧ĺõģ˧硣սɧͷ񣡡
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лǼƽϣŵĽǰ
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΢΢һЦɵĲ
лԣɵЦˣǰ츳ˣɾʮս۷弶ѣҪﵽһĶ壬Ҫ˷ʱ䣬֪˫ʴУɸȤ
Ҫ˵ôί֪츳ΣҪԽʮսʣһϣ᲻̫ܵõ˫ʴȻԣ֮˫ʰ壬ɣֻ˫ʴвô׵õġŻҲǻ񰡣˷ᣬһѪսˡ
ˣĽ壬̣ɽ\Ԩأл
̾Ľ̵ڲռСڲ֮󣬱⵽˶ɱӦ֪˫ʵ궼ħ硢սϴڣǶϢУҲ½ƣκ붼ܵԵĴشһȫûȽǸʱ򣬾Ȼû뵽ġ
лԣҲп
ĽǹУǲʵаżھȻжɱǿߵҲʼϲ顣
ɽΪ֮˷ĳʺɽرѡ˫ʴУ\Ԩƺڲ⣬õϢ̱֮뿪ˡ˵
\Ԩڲĸӣģ\ԨȨѾȻɷ˫ʴС
ɽȻΪơ
ɽжΪ׵ıȻǼˣôֶܹ˵ǶԼԵģɽ
ȻߴᣬǷоȡ˫ʴУܲҪһսɣл
һָǼ̨㿴ż̨ΧɽγɵڶռС磬Ҫõ˫ʴУҪ뼴γɵĵڶռС磬Ȼᣬģڻ֪ҪȵռСͲſԡ
лӦ޸ɵġ
ǲ֪Ҫʲô
ڿռСٶһռС磬ҪĿռлҲпԼѾڿռźоԶء
һռСǰƴСĶ޷ٳҪ˵ӴĿռС磬пٵڶռСˡ
һЩ϶֣лǺϤģɢɵлԣЩãˣѯʵǰЩɢɵĵ߹ʶ
ųǸҪСˣĿǰ֪ѵϹǿߣȻ٣޷֮Ϊ壬ɸǶǿߣǴ˴սеĽߡ


1499  ʮװ塾һ
ŶԾѵϹǿ߽ӴԽԽ࣬лȻϹǿߺ͵˵ĲͬǾǵŨصĲϢϹʱģòѡ˯ʱвĸγɵģԶ޷ģǷѵϹǿߣԶľ룬ܹӦĳ
бɢɵ࣬Ľսϵľ磬оѵϹǿУνսˣΨۺսܲǿϾһںϵļ壬սѷӳġ
ҹƺϹǿߣϵϢǲ֮ͬҲǲͬлĿһӴϣȻڿڲԼϢȻǿ󣬴Ӧսǳǿ壬ƾǰ壬ǿ֮ˣȥͨҵĸо·ϴӣȻƽһŭ̾ˣϯһе
Ļ˵ĶУлĿⶼ¶һ˿ľȡ
лôģ
лоÿ˶ͬǵѪҺ٣ָ߾еϢȡ
ԲʿҺͺսˣ
ţô֪ģлȻ
ľΪʥصģ˺ѿġ
ףѾ˸޵ģлģ˵ǲǵõʲôʵսһֵܿǽвҲŸոտսʣȻˣ⻹𣿡
̫ˡֶƵ
лɻĿǣô֪׵ģӦܹŶ԰
˶˼š
Խսʣǿһżսʿʼĸ֪ᳬһ£ս۷弶ʱܹԶľӦԷʣѪϢڵ𣿡ŵ
΢һ䣬лֻˣʷ棬ֻ֪Ƕ뵽Ĳͬ
ĶҹħĶǼ壬ħͫĶħͫȵȣвͬġ
ԭҾȻ˿֪л
Цϸоһ¾ͻֺᷢܶ಻ͬġһ£ĿҲǸӣĸ֡
лüëһ
ٺ٣ڰر뿴ǿ϶ǾʡսٺЦ
壬Ϲսǿ֮һǻŽǰĿ£սܹŵģǵսʽܹ̼һʿƴƽ׶ΣսܸıսֵЧʵʥⲫս䣬Ǵ̼˵ʿ벻Ч
лĽе֪ϹʱΪ˼磬֣ܳǰӡ˼ļǿ壬ŽһҲУ岢ȹŽ٣ԵʱҲʮս۷弶ǿߴڣоʮǿߡ
νʮǿߣǾʮ󶥼ǿߵħ󣬲ȫɳսǿ
ҲеһħޣȫɳǱǾŽսʣܵõߵϴɳɾʮսʾ磬ʮ󶥼ǿߵħʮսʼġ
ͬһ㣬ųɽױȡ
Ž֮ԽԽˡлһ˿Ц⣬岢ͬʱɢ޵һҲӦϹʱǿ֮һɡ
ŵ壡
Ȼˡл
壬廹Ҫ̬ΪΨһһϹʱŽԻ͵ʱŽᵱʱһĳ壬˵彻սҹֱʮֶԾսƽ֣һսֻͨսʼܣҪ֪ŽǺųƽһ壬ΪǵˣŮף츳ٲģ֮ǰҲܹսʼģǿĹŽ壬Ҳֻǽһ壬֪жôĿֲ
ν飬Ǻˮ˼˵ںˮڣܹˮ棬ˮӵս
֪Щʲôܡսɵĵ
Ҳˡ
лϹʥʱ֮ǰ˼紦һ۷ڣʱа˴󳬼ǿ壬Ž壬壬嶼УΪ˼磬ܽ˴ӡ˲кϹʥʱĵˣƾ˴ܹɨħ硣
ǼȻǿôӡǣս첻
Ժٸ㡣лһ£ںܶǰгԽʮսʴڵܡ
˵Ҳû
˶ڵȴ̨ƳڶռС˭˫ʴУɽȻֺģȴûʲôսҵĿⶼż̨ȴš
ʱƣԽԽۼ
аżܴ󣬱Ҳ࣬ɴ˸಻ʤһϴ٣渺ĸΧǽٷ˰ӶᣬҲģ߱ģûᱦķ׷׵ɽȻ۹
졣
ֵһȵʱǼžļ̨Ȼһ£Щż̨ʮ׸ɽҵҡһʮ׸ɽڴݳǼ̨档
ƾлĸоܹ϶Ǿǿռ
Χʮ׸ɽֹɽƺаżռСĸڣռڶռС硣
ǲҲأлֹ
лǸ֪֮ˣԼĿռ޷һռС磬ԼУǷԽаżĿռСһռСأԼ㣬ԽɽڵĿռɣ
뵽лһ˿嶯
ڿռ巽ȤԶԶʱ壬ΪģʱĲ̫ˣ̫ϡˣռȴ࣬Խġ
л뵽ϥ¡
ľٶż̸оˣҲԿռһֻлȣ໹Ƿǳ֮ģҪռ壬Ҫֹš
̬лսֹ
ս죬ֶƵ˺ȻıѡλĽлҪл֣ҲԳ֡
лӣǷıѩѦ׳ѿڶҲ٣
ļǵãڰ֮ǰлôɵģҪл˷лõıˡ
һס
Ѧ׳һܲõĸоҪù
Ÿƻ
ƾؿռӺһİл޷ԼĿռС磬ȴɵɳκһռС磬ܵӰģһ䣬ƾſռӦʮɽڵĿռ
ʱлʮɽǴе̺Ų֪ĿռЩռ֧аżĿռС磬ʱǼ̨֮ţǿռռ̨棬ڶռС硣
̨ԽãӦҲ԰ɣлֹţҲȥʮɽڵĿռϵ


1500  ʮװ塾
лв鿴̨ʮɽϵ
ȥ֪ȴʵģ޷ĵ·ʲôεĸ֪⣬޷ڵһС
ԼȥʮɽڵĿռ
ʲô磿
ȻǿռУлܱ㸡һɵϢ֣Ī⣬·ǳС
ЩɵϢ۳һߣлָԾţֽ֮ڴ֮ϣһʮ׸ɽҲڰ֮λãԶƵǵռϢ۵ֻǴﵽʮľ룬Ѿ˼ޡ
޷Ǣ
л΢һһת䣬ͻΪһ㣬˶ûĴ֮Ҳزؽӣͷ·ͨ˴һ㣬֮ʵģܡ
֮ԴأȻġ
лƴ֮ռϢӣд֮ţеѸٵĴԽľ룬ֱһʮ׸ɽѸٵĴԽãȥǿռǢ
䣡
ʱǼ̨Ȼһ
ҵһ¾ͽлӰչ״̬ˣʮɽڵĿռϵҲ֮жϡ
̨ڿתʮɽʼϣ׷׵Ļ̨ڲ
ҪٵڶռС磡
а껹
֪˭˫ʴУһˡ
ǿ϶޹أǾǿ֡
ɽȶʱСۣ˵СҲǷǳġ
ߴĸֶǾһ
Ƿ׷վ
ÿ˶Ǳ֣תս׼ˡ
Ψл˫۱磬һָоԼʮɽڵĿռſԼĿռС磬ǱƵģҲãܹڶռС磬ԺԼԼĿռСҲһְ
㾲ģϸĿš
̨תһ˿˿ĿռӼ̨һĹδҫţǿռϵ̨·֮УﹹһԼʮ״Сľ޴Բ
˿˿Ŀռ룬һǣţϵ󣬶ţ˿û˿оģԲʮ״С
лϸȥ֪
ܿͷеһ˿Ǿǿռչ޵Ŀռ䣬ȷǾ򣬴ͻ󣬿ռ
ȣ
ǵڶռСγ䣬һȴӼ̨ھŲ㴫
˶͡
̨ƺаʵһһļС˵
лЦаµģа޸ģֲ뱻֪ڼ̨ĵھŲεġ
Ҳơ
ٶ𣬡ڶռСѾٳҪͶʮöƣߴзֱѡһ˽Уʱ䣬ʱ˭õĽ࣬˭͵õ˫ʴС
鷳ս
һ˵Ҳ׷׵ķ¡
ȴ⣬ԹԵ˵ʮöƣǷÿһöڶӡϹʱĳλʮսʵ棬Ҳ˵õһöƣζܹһλʮսʡ
ԭµһӱѻȸ
ɽˣȻûһ˵ģΪǶˡ
ʮöƣʮʮսʣ
ǺεȵĿǰΪֹʮսʾǿߣһ˲䣬ǿռСڣѾΪ˫ʴУҪΪȡʮöư
УһЩܹƾԼﵽʮսʼЩܹﵽʮսʼǰٷ֮ʮŵŵˣ޷ﵽսʶǳѣʽƶǵջж
ⷽ˭ȥս
лĵȥ
㣬𣿱ŮǵĿ⡣ս˵ʵǹлİȫ
ϾߴУս۷弶ĴڣЩѾ޽ӽ߽սʵĵزˣ൱µˡ
аգҲЩģս۷弶ͳߵĲ࣬ǿ֮ľ룬۷弶һֻ־ܴһսʵĸ֡
л΢΢һЦһִֻѦ׳ı
ǵĿһǷվǰѦ׳ɣɵöһҲͺѾ߽սʵʵ
֪лʼ硣
ˣ
սʿҺƵĵΪҪչӮǧüķģһ󹬵ģû뵽ҵĻֱȥˡ
лȻһЦ粽ǰ
ͬʱǷѩѦ׳Ҳ˳лĿԣ¶һĨЦ˴˱ɱԷ֮ģѾȻҡ
֣һĻҲ˳ս۷弶ľ磬֮սԿ߽սʡ
߳һȥʮˣȻһܽػǸճˮ֡
칬߳һͷ׵ߣɫЦ
аʥصĳҲһŮӣ֮ˣȴ൱עĿ˵𱬣Ҳ˵û̬̫ˣн׵ĸ߶ȣı˵ĸоôĹ졣
ɢУ˳
߸˱ռݵĵλãҲ˵ĿʮöƵˡ
һö׬ˣԽ࣬ôԸԱ˵ζŻᡣ
ҽʮöУҿϸˡ̨˵Ŀٶȥ
̨ھŲ㣬˿ֵܹһӰζҲ˻ħޣŶͿ̨ĵڰ˲棬ͳͳתһ˿˿һööĽƯ涼ŲͬĻͼʮսʵڡ
ʮսʣһʱ࣬ǰж٣¾Щˣʮǰ˻ʱʮսϰˣǵ崫ҲȫԵġ
ʮöƻķɳƯԲΧ
ԲǵڶռС硣
ಡ
ʮöƻһȦȻ׷׵С
֮˾ͷ֣Բƺ͸һ㣬һж磬ؿÿһöƷȥķ򣬸ܿɽ崣ˮϣոľΨûħ޺˵Ӱ
һĿռС淢һУ˶ܹһʮöƷǶѿڿԽȥˡ̨ٶȴ
л˾һ
ʮöƣǵҪĿ꣬һᣬѪȷأ˭Ҳ֪
̨һĹ£лѦ׳ɵߴֵϣȻǹһ˿ǣǻƮǸ޴Բȥ
ˢˢˢ
ͬʱǵڶռС硣


1501  ơһ
濴ȥڶռСҲֱʮ׵һˣУŻ֣ᷢռ伫ƾлĸоиһٶķΧɣһЩɽͺģȻϢŨء
ʮ׵Բͬʱ룬˴˼ʱִܹ򵽶ԷԴклҲˣҲʮ⣬ϸǾǸСڵ㡣
˵ǰǽڵĵط
ʮöƱ̨ϵĳλڿİţܹ׾ٵĵõһöƣʣµöҪȥѰңҪõĽƣӶ˫ʴУҪ˴ᡣ
ǹ
˵ƵĶζŵõ˫ʴУǽƱܹһʮսʼǿߣҲ˶޷ܾջ
սġ
ǽеһж˿·Ƿڽǰһ㣬ǵڶռСر֮
˽֮󣬱ж
лؼǵãһöƱǰԶɽɽ֮ϣƮƮ
˵ǿƵġ
ͼһץָϱǿս·һӴƳֱ֣̽¡
أ
лһᣬǵ汬ѣһöӲӵĽƱӵ·ɳлС
ֳģһӤĴȴǧµͼƣһЩɽɽˮˮģлֻһܸо̺İڣֻûȥ
Щڵʮսʰ嶼һԵģȥô͵ڱ˷ˣҲ޷һʮսˡ
ռָлһƨ
ڶռСڲޱ£ŷǳŨԪǸĺõط
л˵ĹעУĿ
ڰȫ棬Ҳõģ޻갵й۲죬˵һʱлġ
ľٶȴһƬȻ
ˣ
ȻȥѰҽƣǲԶлԸ
˶¶֮ɫ
ʥˣҲ൱һΪлҪΨһЩеԵɡ
лá
صһöƺԼȴǶɱˡ
ȫлսȫУԼʵ
Ѿɱ췭ظƣһѪȷĿսǵʵ࣬ÿһսǿս
ʱ䣬лԷ·˯һ
һɴＸ£ʱһգ۵ĹľҲﵽ۷״̬״̬Ҳ׵
˵ɱҲˡ
һսƿʼ˵оۼȥ
Ҳкҹʱ䣬ΨЩĿԼнƱһ㴷صĽȴҲ޼¡
лڵɽ֮ʱٶȱˣ֪ռСڵһսݣ˭õĽ࣬һս֪֮
λˡлȴ죬˻ԶţʧΪһöƣҪɱȻǱѩѦ׳ɺһˡ
ˣлȻһˡ
칬ĸȻ䣬֪˭ɱ
аʥصŮӿȥЩǱȻˣˣнƱӶˣӣֻˣ֪мöơ
ıѦ׳ɺͻС
ʵǼ˶࣬ƫƫһӵбѩһӵ֮ս߽սʣջҲᡣ
лұΪܴҳֻ֣ڵʱ䵽ˣԼӳȥû뵽㻹šѦ׳Ц
лȻһЦˣ㲻ǻʧ
ԣˣһʧûߣһ˷ܡѦ׳ɴЦһöƳУûУҺͻһöƣͲһöʤ
е˭ɱ㣬öƱ˭ģ
л΢һˣȻǿǾκһ˵Ķ֣ȴΪԭ֣ǲϣΪУҪ飬£ˡ
Ҳѹ֣ǿ֪µķӡȻǿĴʣȻԸƽ޹ʵΪС
ǲ֪˭ȶأл˫ֱأЦеĵ
аʥ׸ߵŮӿڵлСģжսġ
ûǾǿŴǵģлٿҪСӦŮҲ˵
ȻŮʧȥƺǷߺޡ
лЦǵ㱾£һû
񣡡ѩѦ׳ɴŭȳ˳ȭصĴлٶȿνޱȣͬľˣ𶯵ɽ嶼Ҫѿļ
һ֣һоǰƻԴģѦ׳ɾûһȶ֡
˶öƣȻõлöơ
˭ȶ֣˭ĻһЩ
ֳܲɡ
ûбѩֻս۷弶лǾͿҵսжǿɡ
սս۷弶Ĳ屶֮ࡣ
ˢ
лժϵļȭףȭ׵Ҫ֤ս
һٶΧߵľ
˭Ҳû뵽лȻռˣȻžԵţǰչ֡

Ѧ׳ɿ͸еһ裬·˳һǶѿڱѩܾô꣬Ǳѩδ峤ȻСıɱһãȻ±
̫ˣ
ĴŭѦ׳˲ʮɣǿһ˵ɺɨһսʵޡ
أ
˵ȭͷڴײ
һĨ貵Ĺ⻪˵ȭͷ汬·һգմأ˫ĿӴɽӿȥһӱ㽫壬аʥصĸָˡ
ѤƥͬһƵ޴ĺУƬľ飬Ҷ֦Ŀҷ衣
񱩵Ϣķ
ս۷弶Ѧ׳ʹһ岻ܿƵĵ˳ȥ·αһ㣬͸Űɫâһŵľľʯͳͳײ顣
ֻһ
ƴûκεĻʽҲûжκεı
л˲˵б·һ㣬ϹŵĵȻ΢ЦŮ˵ļ
ǱҵĹ󰡡սƵĵ
һȭ
лĿһɨһս۷弶ǿ߻ϣʳָһ㣬ս
̬ƣֱˡ
ʮĻиоһ˿ѹһ۵ڵϣѦ׳ɣ֪ʵֲ٣ĻҲֲãֵ˸ָһСð
֮
л΢΢һЦⶫˣ


1502  ơԪ֣
֮лԣƨûУɶ˵ܹսܹıĶ
߶֮еٶ
ս۷弶ʵ֮Ǿ߽սʳߵҲǳսǿߵ
ԻһǿԿԺɱл
Ҫ֮ԣû¡ָϵСٵĸȭͷ棬һУһǿһ֮ںϣﵽΪǿ
лֽļȭժ
ȭռָ
ж߻Уģ̫İͶԻеӡ
ણ
дŭҽ̤棬ǼʵɽʯѺۣƶһţ𶯵ɽҵҡΣͬŵڵЯž˵һȭصҳȥ
ણ
лǰС벽΢ǰȭҲſɱĻб˳ȥ
˵ȭͷƻײĶײȥ
䣡
Ϊ·ʮ߷Ұ˻˷ȥɽңµĹ֡
˲˹עĽ㡣
ͬľܰĹ̶Լӵʱ䣬ڴڼ䣬˶˵
лڣճ״սȫȭͷÿһŵĹϪˮ۴ӡ
һеӵľűѵϢͬħ޾ѣ˵
ಣ
˵ȫʱ䣬ǻоͬߵķݣ׷ɳȥֱɽš
л˿
֣ʹԭΪһʱս˶ЩɵˣսٶҲ̫ˡ
ٵĽսһǲ̫󣬾ǶԿһȭչֳĽƺӡ֤һ㡣
𣡡
ŭĺɽ´
ȫðĴɽ·
ѪѦ׳Ҳȫ溮ޱȵľɽ壬˶ǿ

Уǵ·׷׵ı顣
ѩ֮Ѹٵĸȫǿ񱩵ĶҲٵ˺ƻͷ׶ħޡ
ɱɱ
Ѧ׳ɺͻͬʱһɢҵɷҰһǰ͵ĳ
ֳлҲս߰
ֻսЧİˣƴĻٻе㿴ͷģл뷨֪֪񱻻أ
лߴͦεӰƸħɢǿ󲻿սʤУһУ˫ȭžž춯㣬һͷҷҰ趯һŭ񳱡
ಣ
Ҳȥ˫ȭ£һֱߣһ˫۾ʵʵĹâƺգ;׵սʩչγɿƥǿ籩ϯΧľŵĽɫ֮ͬ׻㣬ŵĲ֦ҶڶĿ籩Уȫı顣
ֲѤõӰ·ҪǵڶռСݻһ㡣
лֱ֡
ڿһӰɽݵ߿
ȭ
лӶһʱϵ·צıֱ˫ۣ˫ȭڡ
أأ
л˫ȭͬʱ
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ɭɭս˺ѵδ˵ĺ󱳣Ǻ󱳵ƤѾһѪۡ
Ѧɫɵô䣬ǰӻҪʲôץĽٶ˳ȥεĿȴɢ޷棬ˣԾǽƻĺܣҪлɢ޷淢ͻǿߡ


1503  ľ㡾һ
˵Ľƻ֣Ҳл̲סҪڡ
̫թˣ
Σʱ̣ܹѡ񣬿ɼóıƵģǾǻȽöƣǲԶ
˵ĽƻڣһӳöƣҲǽƻıֻ֣ӳһöĻлȫԲȥ˼ֺɱǣȡԾöƣ˶ȡӳöǱ˵õĻһ࣬޷ȷ˫ʴи˭ˡ
ӳöƣҲˣӳһöĻôлҲԲȥǣɱǣȻǵõöһɱǣܵõѩֻ֮ӳöơ
˸ӵ飬ϸ룬ѱ˷֡
ƫƫΣʱ̣뵽ǵԴӶôĴҲܳΪ峤򵥡
öǱɢ޷õƽˡ
лֻȥȡ
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չֳľٶȣϹǿ߶ͫſ׷Ѧ׳ɺͻУ˻û̫ǿҵĸоƴٶȣ֪̫Զˡ
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ģӰԵúӣʩչ򵥵ģлͺһ̣ʵģˢһ±ֵм䴩ԽȥǵҲ˿մ
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ʹʥΧʱлǸոտսʼȻѾﵽսʣٶȣȥʱ䡣
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޳޳壬ͱ壬ʲôѩһ𣬶˷ĭӣֵ˷ĭ𣿡ֶƵ
ս㶮ʲôֱǱʵ֣˭֪ʲôҪǵţԺܹʡԵĽС
ĻͦȫġֶЦѩ޳һ𱰱ڵĵطǲҲأǺϻ޳ܵģʲôŽ尡֮Ҳøְɡ
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ǿֻǷйʵԼĿ꣬ǾޱԼĹŽȼ壬ǾԲԼ⵽ϵһ߶߶ҪǶɵôŭٶԱѩѦ׳ɵıַǳĲ⣬һ󳷡
ŽһǵԵñͬǺ󳷵ҲһЩ壬Ǻǲòˡ
ԵЩЦ
елڰֹ֣ʥǷȻһЦ֣ҺͶλԼõģҪһƽ
л϶ĳʦսе
԰Ҫ侲ֶҲµ
ǲԲɫ侲ĺܡ
лһȭţҵһۿһִʱҾһ뷨ǾǱһ٣ڻˣܴһ
ݻһִ飬Ҳɱ㱨𣡡ĵ
ĿԣĽ
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ǿƷֱ˵ϼͿǾ֮ϵƲܵǿƵĳ׷׵ɢһʱ䣬ɽϿơ
˵սҲڵ
εս֮־㣬ȥڱϣԾɽڵ˸оˣǷ·𿴵ΪսҪչһɱ


1504  ľ㡾
𣡡
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֮ľǰ湫ϵĹһˣ귽оܹǰתڣǾ֤ܹһ壬Ҳ֤
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аɱǼįģЩο
ŭˣŭŭ
һۻҵĲԶǵΪģ˷ɢȥһ꼤γɵԲȦۿɼɢš

˶֪ǵһָȴûм𶯶ʼչֳױȵ
ŭ꣬ͬɽһ㡣
ֲε쫷磬˵궼·ܵѹڲڿ־壬Ŀ־壬ǵ̫ڿֲ
лҲ
ţɱϾ״Ժųһ˵Ķǣζת˭֪Ѿоһĸ߶ˡ
ǿҵ𵴣ӳȥлĸо˵겨ܵ˺ǿҵĸš
ΪܵǿȴǺ޸о
лֻǸе·Լɽڶǵ𵴾ֻһѣ޷ֺ
лˡ
籩жϽһ㣬ǰʱһ籩ϯлȥ
лһӦǳˣâ
Ҫ۵ͷһĨ⣬ֻ̼֮꣬ܵķӦ
۵׽֣л͸еԼͬΪƬеһӣ죬ǵأ㲻ꡣ
䡭
εɵķ籩ϯ
лȴֻǸеһ˿΢Ծδֺ


1505  ľ㡾
ûо
лЩССĳԾΪģܸоĳһ㣬籩ǷǳµںԿҲû뵽̬˵زΪҪһµģȻǺ޸оû뵽顣
ǻҲһ㶡
籩߽ս۷弶ĸ֣ҲҪ˵ģȻ޷лֺ
Ǵսһε۳ӣл壬Ƕûõģֻá
лɲǸɵű˹ˡ
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˵޷ҵսǷأǳԽ߱Ӽ˽ɫ
֪ǳյԴĵġ
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ء
ڶʩչ͸ֵʱ򣬶Ȼ洫ҵ𵴣Ϳĵ俪бѵļ
սȻԣ
л״ɵôϲսûʲôЧ׺սȴżá
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ɭŵͷ㣬׷״˷ɭЦҪл˺

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л֪ѹֱӵİ취ǽʩչ֮ɱشл⣬ͷٶȣǣҪЩͷĴڹ֮ǰش
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ݣһֶΣһʩչͿǵαģգۼʧӰ١
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лߵ´Ҽ㣬ȡ㹷
֮ǰ˵϶ôЦȴûһ˸ЦΪлı֣Ȼ֤ʵ
ֳˣ֡
Եǿ


1506  һ
лһѪʱóöƣż̨֮ϣöڴˣ˫ʴиù˰ɣ
ƶߵôУ̨洫
Ǽ̨Ҳ΢΢½ֱӳǾ޴ԲڣҲһռСڣʹ޴Բɢ貵Ĺ⻪
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õ֮˶˷ܵغУЩؿˡ
δõʥǼ壬бǱֶּƣ˼սȵȣǱĴڡ
Χߣֻмʵķݡ
ɢ޷棬öΪһãƺЭ飬ֻһöƵĻ
ʮ˳У̨ǽ롣
ǹȻߣٶʮɽڵĿռں˾ҪƣҲܵģǳԽʮսʼʵ
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ʮװʮöƸǱʥǶȡö
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ڴ׼ɢȥʱһȣͬգѹһĿȥ
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޳޳ܴʲôս
Ѧ׳ɻ칬֣аʥصķˣλѵʹ𣿡
ģ칬˵
ٺ٣λǿлı֣оΣѦ׳Ц
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Ǹо裬˶ˣȻлһѹܸˣο˴˼仹ǵˡ
ЩΧ۵򷢳һĽкá
Ƕ˰ɡѦ׳ɺٺЦһһҪλ֪𣿾ڲǰѾԽʮսʵĴڡ
޶Ծ˶ǺİģǶĴǾԲİǶ֪ġ
лδɾͽᳬԽѦ׳
һ仰ǿҵ𺳡
Ĵͬըһ㡣
Ѧ׳ɣʲô˼칬֮ŭȵ˱ǰлǿϹǿ߼룬ǿ
Ѧ׳ɲĵ£ֿ֤ߣңʥˮöǣ֤
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һһ͵ģл˸о̫Ծ
ɫѿ֮µѦ׳ɵĿġ
Ѧ׳ɼ˵һˣɳλ룬ǻʥǵĶ𣿡
칬֮ɫò
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Ѧ׳ԣлĳɳ̫ˣǰɽսǱֳΣһڱɽսսʰˣڶפأһݻפأаżռСڣǻ߽սʣɳͬ˵ģԽ޵ľ磬Ĵڣ˭Ķ֣
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δȫɳ֮ǰնɱ
Ȼֽɱڴ˵أѦ׳ɺֻһΣˣҲ˶ˡ
ӦѦ˵ûᣬǾǸԼλҪʲôˣܻŲǸţǾֻ
˵Ļ·εشʥǸֵϡ
޳ܵľٶȫȻ
˶ŭˣȴûе֣ʵǼ̫ǿˣֻܽй
˹Ϲʱǿߣѵ㵣û𣿡Ѧ׳Ŀ罣ĶŹΪ׵ӣֿаʥص׸ߵŮˣȣʥصǵ𣿡Ŀ칬棬Ԫΰ칬леѾ֪ж˰ɡ
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˵ĿⲻȻڹ˹ϡ
˹ûпڣǰж̬ȡ
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һ䣬ͬʱգʥǸΧ
˷ٶΧһƬк
лҲǸпѣ嵱Ϲŷ緶Թ£ʥǣγ²ɡ
λҪˣΪһνӣֵֵãҵ巽ǧֵֻܵˡѦ׳Ц壬ȻҪ£лȣѡɱл
ٹлһ˾ͱǿϾϹ޵мˡ
֪˿Ϊ⣬ĵҪõֶΣ㲻ѩܲҪʵѩ޳ͷɡ˵꣬Ѧ׳ɣĿֱŽˣڵ֣ϹԸĵһһǷԾǰǿᡣ
ҪлѦ׳ŭ
ǿߵʣж֤
һм״ȻˣǾͱǲˣ޹Ա˺󣬷ɱ㣡
ѹ˼꣬˭ҷ
ив֪˶Ͷ뷨Ҳ֪ж˷ʥǣҺģûͳһжȻһЩѪ֮ˣҪͶʥ֮ˣ£ʥǣȴǱˮн
ֳܿͱ˺Χ֮ơ
ǣ֣칬аʥأǧΪΧлڵʥǣЩ˶ЩĻ֪мˣվں󷽣ֹɢ˳
лʥࡣ
ֻ߰˵սµ࣬ɸûжã˫ҪĽֱӽЩµų⡣
սһ


1507  
ֳľ棬ʥǷ漫˵ı
˼룬Ҳ޷ı䣬ҪлնɱŸĵġ
лʹߣû㣬㲻ȥ㣬˻ᱻȫնɱһѦ׳
գлվڰУ۱Ѧ׳ɣʹüΪʥ֮ҾԼߵġ
ʥ֮ӡѦ׳ɹЦ
ȥǱѩ޳ˡ
һս԰ˡ
л΢΢һЦҲѦ׳һ¡
ʲôҰʲôԸ˵ɣѦ׳ģ϶ɵġѦ׳ɺٺЦ
϶лĵǵȻսɲҪߣѩ޳峤ñѩʵ޳ˡ
Ѧ׳ߵͷڳѿ֮
лĵҪǣҿĳ룬ԡĿⶸȻϬ罣ϱŷһɱ̹ǵɱ⣬ӹѦ׳ɣУȣԪΰ˹ˣҿԱ֤ǵʵ϶ڴսʼͽɱ
͸ޱȵţ˲ݻɡ
뷽ţлı֣˭һĻ˿ܻиǰȥסӵֻҪлҪɱ˭κ˶Աס
һɫ䡣
˭
ǵȻ룬Ǵﵽӽ߽սʵĵزδ޺ãѦ׳ɺͻ峤ҲδȨ֮һȨջûԸ
Ӻ˶һۣǰԵͷ
ԭڵ巽û㣬ȴлӲץסһ㣬һЩѿС
ҪɱǣҲô׵ģ칬Ԫΰߵ
𣿡лԪΰұɱ㣡
˵лĽ䡣
ĶԪΰȻˣ˵ﻹǺܵĵģĿл߽սʶзˣο
Ļᣬһ֣Ѧ׳ɴȵ
֣д
巽̵ʣźűɱȥ
ʥǷҲʾ
ǸǾӢսǿ㴦ƣҲ־ܣǿս⡣
ͬı˵Ӱкˮ龰ɫ
ǵĿҲ򵥣ϡ٣ֱǵĹŽ壬Ϲδ֮ս
䡭
ˢˢˢ
ˡ
ǻƴ֮ʣ쳹ա
һɫ׵ʥǶϷ£巽ɱǿ׵總ѹ
һĨˮɫˮ£ʥϷͬˮ죬̺ʥˮ֮·Ҫһû㡣
һɫϢӵǴŴ·۳һĸɽبǰסһȥ·
Ӱڸ߿ա
ǲǱˣңʥˮö幫ӿޱȡ
˵ĳ֣巽òԴˡ
壬˭ҲѱжǿʵǴ嵱ֻǱӡһͱѩһû⵽ĽǻΪʵ̫ǿϵһǿ塣
ʥˮȻ⵽ΧˣϢҲ˵ǷѾǿ󵽷ǳĵز
λǺ⣿Ѧ׳ɫĵ
ʥˮöĵͬΪ޽õףαˣ
ߣǸΪǻǲҪֵĺáѦ׳ߵ
Ѧָһӣ¾ʹգԺǾ;֣Σʥˮö
У
ԣ
칬Ԫΰ͹˹ͬе
ǿ֪ᣬʥǵ뿪лɱǾͰģΨнлնɱǱ֮
ҲˣܡѦ׳ɵ
ǵļʥˮöЩΪѡ
˷ǰлһӣĿлǸоԺлɳĿ˼ĻҲ֮ϹϵǶԷִҪ֣ҲΪǷĲ֣ҪǲֵĻűϾǶ峤һлսôľ͵òʧˣϾǰֻ˶ѣǴǰ
幫״֪ҪˣҺʥˮöˮУ˭ôʥǵأ㿪ڵλлԸǣѩѦ׳ɣһУˣлҵȸܵõף޳ܶ𱨣ҵȴҪ飬Ժ壬λʮİս𼸷ģ
˵͵ʥˮöұˣԣҲȻĿ
ѩѦ׳ɲȻŭ˭֪֪׿˵лδɳԽޣһ棬Ժ˼ƶȴ˵ʲôǷ˶飬лǷǵĶɡ
ҲգҲգһжһ֮䡣幫Ȼ
ǹʩѹ
ԹԣʥǼˣлȺ£ʥˮ壬ֵõģʼǿӲ
ѩѦ׳ɣһУ칬Ԫΰ˹аʥĵ׶ŭ졣
˱˴˶һۣɭɭĿŹˣɱʢˡ
һлʥˮöҵ˼Ҫ˻ʩԼҲ֪幫ҪʥǾĴۣʥˮʥǣױѩѦ׳ɵ˵˼ѵãɱлԺлˣߣǺֶΣֻҪסǣһɱлѵĻΪлȻܡ
ԽԾս
һսлĴս죬ֶƵˣȴǱľ档
лЩˣһɵĺöɣҪǵҪд
ȻлĿͶʮɽĿռأ
һŨҵɱлļš
лһ޵Ѫ
ޣεȴڣһѪǽɫ֮ŷǳĹϵó
λлѦ׳ɿǰ˵
˲ɵö
лһ˿Ц⣬и顣
ʲô飿ʥˮö
ܰӳٴսһ죬ʥǱλ꣬ԺλҪʥǾƴǡл
ʥˮöѦ׳ɵˡ
Ѧ׳Цһ죿ƾʵЩߣôͼֶΣҲ˼˵óڡ
ͣ
лѦ׳ɣͲеӣԼ˵˵ͼֶΣѵл֪޳ܵңѾɴˡ
Ѧ׳ǿŭ
һʱ䣬ҵ˰ڶ֮ڣʲôһǵˣ޴л
Ѧ׳ɼը˷ΣҲֻǿŭķˡ
ķΪ׵΢һ룬ˣͷ
ãǾһ档Ѧ׳ɵһ죬ֻһʱ䣬Ǳǵ֮ڣ
ģҲʹģл
Ѧ׳ЦʹãҲԵһʱߵģ֣һЩҸ֣
ȫУдЦ
ҸֵֵһԶ߳ʮˣǿĲһսʣһǸոͻƲõġ
λǾ鷳ʩչ֮ɡѦ׳ɵ


1508  컻Ϊһ
лЦеĿǣͬһȺСһ㡣
ߣǲߣǿԣȫܹһռӺһЩ˳ˣͨʥǸ֣ѾɢȺУû취ģߡ
ˣͲǵ񱩾лˡ
ȻǾҪǷͳͳնɱҪ巽һõʹѦ׳ɺͻǱɱϵıѩ֮ҲǱõģ˭Ҳ
֮
ʮҸһսǿߵĴ£һͬʱʩչ̼֮䣬һĹأ˴˷ɱ棬գۼɽȾͱ˽֮
ֲǳǿᡣ
֮Ѿ죬ҵʮʩչ֮лҪʩչҲ񱩷ɽ֮ǰˣܹԼߣҲ޷ɴԽ֮һս
ԣѦ׳Ц
ֻҪлߣһʱ䣬ܲ彻л·Ѧ׳ɷ·𿴵лնɱһĻ
ڴ
лʩչƾŵõ֮ģصϵѾﵽױȵĵز΢һӦ㷢֣֮ȷõ˸Ľ˲٣֮ȣ֮𣬸ûá
Ҳƣһ֮Ǻڲ١
лʲô취һʱ䣬ܸʲôսü
ԵǵˡֶƵ
˼
лսʱ򣬶л·ǳϤĸԣȻҪͣһ죬һаյ飬ȴԼԮǸûаİգԶԣĸǰĿԸ
л塣
Ϊ֮Ҳӭȥ
λŵùңһֽ֮巽лһڣøļ˶¶֮ɫ
лս̲ס
ļͷ졣
Ц˵лٴӲԿ֣ȻһɱҵҲʶʶлηΪʤġ
Ϊʤ̫򵥣Ҫȫûл͸һӵɱ⡣
Ȼ˶лҪ巽ʹ۵
͸ǲˡ
һʱ䣬θ컻أ
ǿܹ߶ѣΪʤϼѣлȻҪ巽ȫû
лаż֮ʱ߽սʳصģӦ½гصģʱ򣬹ƻһ߽սʵ巽ǻһЩ߽սʵءѵ
лЦ˽սҲϹǲŻ˽ǣŵĵ赣ģ½ɡļͷɨһʮɽȻʥǸмĵط
Ŀһʮɽƺ뵽ʲô¶һĨȻЦ⣬Ȼս죬ȥ壬˵ЦȥˣϵĴûᣬܹͬײֵġ
ܽ˻ᣬʥǣջ֮󣬿νǴġ
лλá
ɢγ㣬лģǲ֪лҪʲôһֱлı֣äĿĳˡ
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ľлľﵽǳĵزһؼ䣬·Ȼɵһݣҡڣвֺؼһף΢һѡ
״̬巽УЦѡ
¶ɻ֮ɫлҪʲô
˶ںУл㽫һѪ˳ģһ־һ㽫һ޵ѪС
ԭһѪˡ
ȥ޺á
һڣ뾭ڣʱһѪ㻯޵Ӱɢ񱩣ŰϢ޼ɵķлľ
лϼȻһ
ܹʹĥʥһıһգʹԣʲô¡
ǿžʹлıȻƽ
߶սתۻսһѪ׵ķѹȫеľš
һ̣лսһ˿ǿҵĲҪ֪лս޵һΪսģ˵սһѪһЩϵģȫٵתһѪ̺ŵľ㲻ϵɢΪսȡ
һѪƲ̺࣬ľлǷǳۻģս㼱ٵ
Ĳ˵лսʣֻǳߣһѪṩľսõֵһӡ
սʺͳ߽ս֮ľ
Ҳ˵ҪֵĻεģֻǶΪһڰˣÿһ߽ܿսʼһ
һѪȫתһܣɢľлսһ
Ѫʣһ㡣
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һ뵤ǹսŻع鵤ڣлĵЩһѪ
žžž
ս·һһѪ
ǿ߶֮£ѪʼѸٵڣɢľʼսɡ
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Ѫлеս
ս۷弶ѾԭǰңԶˣ˵Խһľ룬ֻɴﵽ۷弶
Ա˵һڵˣò󣬿лͬսǶ߱ǲսķӶ񵶵Ҫġ
սɲֹǿ

л۾³һķӣĸˣ߽սʸģսԽһ߽սʣֵ񵶣߽ս۷弶ǿߣ񵶣Ҳֻܱɱˡ
ʵлսһ㡣
Ǿʮɽϵ
νĿռ壬ֻǶԿռһָ򣬾ͺһ˻Ӿһ֪ӾƣˣûȻˮף֧ӾĸռǻӾˣս֧Ӿ
ս߶ռ׾١
ѪСʱʱ䣬л㿪ʼʮɽڵĿռϵ
ֻҪǿռɱ巽Ǿ֮͡
Ҳؼһɰڴһ١
ռ壡
лļſռԺиֿռӺһİ壬ʹٶȳʵλðɫʡ
˿ռлȥЩʵ·л˾һƬأһ磬ǳ£︴գһ֮䡣
ǿռﵽԿٿռСı֡


1509  컻Ϊ𡾶
һ䣬ɵϢʧлôԭأ·𷽲ʲôûзһ㡣
ЩռȻͨսӳ۳һӴһ͸лµĴ·ʮ׵룬Ƿһ㲨ǿռǳģҲԸоĵ
лʼĸ
Ĵ֮Ŀʼõʱ
֮ģǴİ壬ֻǲŸոճͰˣڻǴﵽߵĵزͬõ׵һ㣬Ҫ۴ɢؼԵʮսʼǿĲлеĴذ壬²ſܳ͵ģ֮ľǸ壬ǽɫ硣
ȻֻһģǴ֮ıϾǴģлںϣʹл֮ϵﵽһǳ˵ĵزԴ䣬ǰս徫߶䣬ʹôлŵļ󣬿ԺдĶҲ䷢ãҲܴ̼Ĵ伸תġ
лһ̣͸оԼƳΪصһӡ
ı仯幫оԡ
һ˲䣬һִлǴˣĳڡ
֮Ĵ֮
ŨĴ֮ڵʮ׵ĵطۼǿռžлһʮɽȥ
ܿ죬ɽ֮ڡ
ɽڲа洢Ŀռһɿռ棬ܹάаżռС£ֻҪû˿ƻԶµġ
ֻǿռзģҲ˵Ǳһطģл㱻⡣
ϵҲ޷ֻܸӦлĿռǣĿռ˴໥Ӧ໥ϵ޷ͷų
޷Ǿͻлһġ
л㽫ռһ㡣
ҪǷ
ݣ
ķ·Ŀռٵת֮ӦıǷɽڵĿռģлжһ㣬Ҳ۳һߡ
лԤ֮С
ԭܼ򵥣ֻǴˣûʲô˼ʶģлĿռǵһ㣬еˮлԼһԱ߷һ󱭣лǿռ壬ԺȵԼڵˮһ֮ڵˮһģһȻҲԺȡ
ռͬһ㣬ֻٿǿռɡ
Ȼ޷Ӵȴܹϵ
Ҫãͱյϡ
µ۳һĴڣݺݵĳײȥĿ궼һͬ㣬Ҫ顣
䣡
ݺݵײȥ
ʱҵĲʮףлߵֻ߰׵ĺȣĿռԼʮ׵ĺȣʮûд򴩡
л״ջ׼ٴμ
ͷ֣Ǵķ϶ںϣδѿһ㡣
лһ
ֻܴͷʼ
δȥһ룬಻ʮ׵ĺȣȻ󱣳ⲿٶÿԿƵһĥҪһС϶ɽڵĿռ
˾һķʱĻˡ
һһεС
ʱȣлôĽȣֻܽһɽڵĿռˣռİ̶ȣҲ㹻ˡ
ŬжУԭϵɽ°
Ϊˡ
ˣÿ˶ɢǿǻǵϢ£Ƕ߽սʵǿߡ

˹ˣϲĽг
ԭݵУʱ巽ĸ¶һĨЦݣǵ߽սʵĵνǵõǿ
ôֵĵطôһЦУһˣԶԶرЦ
һоϲϣ
λһһؾ߳Ĵϣһϴϣǵϻյүүǡ
߽ս۷弶ǹ˹Ĳɫ΢䣬ֱӵ˻ľ硣
߽ս۷弶ӽ˽սʵĴڣ
Ĵ߽սʣ巽ġ
ʹʥǷӵı
˿ʼΪлĲԸеˣûܵʥǵ߽սǰ˵Ԯǿ֡
ƤأҲͲһ߱ɿ߽ս۷弶ˡЦŶ˹Ĳ˵
㻹ǲһߡƤصǺܹĳˡ
ЦվҪһЩģһ壬Ѿǰ˽սˡ
ƤصȻһЦû˵ʲô
Ȼվգûص뷨
ܣĿб棬Ⱥ֮Уһ˿Ц⣬㽨֣Ȼˣͳɡ
ֵ۾ǶҶȺУ㾾ˡȺһնһȥʮߡ
аʥصȿɵôϲ
㽨аʥ߽ս۷弶ǿߣ
ϼһʲô
ڹ۲л㽨
Ŷʲô𣿡ЦǺǵĵʼնûплһۣ°һˡ
ˣ֪֪׵ҲΪһؾֹΣգǻһģҲˣԴﵽŽսʵʵ߽սʵġ
㽨ٺЦѵûΧʮɽаµ֧ռСĸ洢ŴĿռл˿ڵԼĿռ˵ʲôأ
ˢ
УѦ׳ɣ˹Ƥصȵ˵Ŀһ˲ͳͳлϡ
Ƕлһʱԭ
ÿռ
֣ȷ
㽨Ŀռ巽ޣҲﵽؿռӵĵزȻȲлȴܲĿռڸʲô㽨Ц
ԭĵȴ߽սʵʮѦ׳ɵ巽ֵɫˡ
֧ſռСĿռжôۻ밡
һ巽Ҫְ֮ɡ
ɱɭɱ
߽սͬʱա
巽ٶȵʡ
ǵľٶֵĲˬңԸǸңʥˮöҪ̲סˡ
λ֮ԼʥˮöƮڿУһʱ䣬ڲŹȥСʱ
֮󣬺Ȼ巽ˣǱѩѦ׳Ҳֵôһԣǳͷøѩ鷳
ʥˮöü𣬳ԼִУ
ߵҲʲôԼھҪɱл˭ңұɱ˭Ķʥˮöɱ˵˼
һٶʾĿֳǲϧҲҪлնɱľġ
ҾͲţһͬʱս塣սվ˳˵ĻǴǿҵƴ̼
ɫȻ
㣬ɫ䣬ϽϣǺߣԼ֮ڣ岻ӦǣֱԽǱǡ
ĻǿʶҲǫ̈µģָ߽սʵжʽ
߽սʣʥ֮гȴл衣
ֳʥǿߡ
߽սʱ˴˿һۣ΢һͷ漴˱㻯һⱬȥл
ǵٶ̫죬ö˻ûӦѾԽ˵λãĵл


1510  컻Ϊ
˵öû뵽˵Ѹٿݣ뵽ǵʵ޷һˣҪ˵ˡ
Ҳ̬ȡ
ǿ˼߽սʳ֣ͷ֮ǰ˵һУǵԴ⣬ѿǶԼ裬˼½վʥǷ棬ǵ̬ȡ
巽״Ҳȥǡ
Ǹĵл
ɱлһûϵ
ʥǷĸ֣һ߽սʣǿս۷弶ǿҲûļ֣߽սѾɱȥ
˲Ϣ䣬˱㵽лǰ
ʼŬϵҪĥǷлһУҲһЩעģ߽սʳ֣ʶҪ£㽨ĳ֣ϵĿռ岨ʶΣ
ʶлǼٵĴ߶
ȫٵ𶯣аµķҲŬ֮£ҪĿռϵӵˡ
ף
лĶߣǱţҪǰΣա
лСģ
лΣգ
ܴʥǵ˴ѡ
л˫Ŀ΢գ·ʲôûĴ߶һҪ߶ͻǷһߵķ϶
ֻһ߱ԽһΣΪ
׵ʱ㽨Ҳ֪˿ռı任ձһȭ˳ȥһ˶ȭͷֳ̺ɵĿռ塣
л٣
ƴˣ
ȻԷٶ̫죬ʥǵĸֻһЩлģ׷׵Ĳһеĳȥ
ֻǵֵܹһȭ
δײϣһɿ͵ǱȵĲҽŵɳȥٶóлȭͷӰҲл塣
ˢ
ۿűУлȻ˫Ŀ·һڵҹĻһ㣬˶е˫ĿЩӦ
ػʥ壡
öػܱ֮ͻأĳлΧ渽ţٵתţ˸˿˿ĹΡ
ž
⻪ҫ
öػܱ֮лǰγһܹлڵסľ޴ػ֮ܣһǿ
أ
ǿһȭҲػ֮档
ҵĲػ֮ܳѺۣҲûѿлһ
㽨ڵڶֿɵõһҪ֪㽨߽ս۷弶ǿߣһȻɵصˣлֻǿĵ£л״̬أ
ܶ˶ˡ
һĹ׺ȵķٶȱ忪һס
ֻһףɵõǰĿռ
ݣݣݣ
ƿ
ƤΪ׵߽սʼǿͬʱ˷־򣬹Ҳġ
һĶã
л˼һǳ棬ٿȻץס񵶣һնȥ
ûκζҲûʱ䣬ûս߶Ķֻƾսȭ׵ļӳ֣񵶵Կ
꣡꣡꣡
ӹƾնϡ
޷ȫлҲѪӿҪѪ󻮳ȥʮףʥǸײ֮߰ࡣ
һ棬סΡ
ĹҲˡ
ͬʱʥǸҲ˹ʵҪѷɫĶ࣬ٶȶҪ࣬վü
֣һɱлɹҵػ㣡㽨ȵ
ĺȣ߽սҲ׷Σ׷׵ĵֵȫһĻᡣ
ϡ
ҲĶȫҪлɱһ˵Ƥˣ㽨ʵµģȻ޷Ķõлشлɵø߿

лҲ֪Σ٣ƴĴ߶ȫһĳаʷտռ谭

һͬ޺ĿХлϷҲȻһ¡
Ƿһ׵ĺȡ䡱һ򴩡
ֻһ߷϶֡
Ѿ㹻ˣۻĿռ㱻лͺǧ̻֮Ѩһ㣬һ߷϶Ѩֻһ㣬ռͬˮ㽫ɽӿ
䡭
һʱ䣬ʮ׸ߵɽҡ
ʮ׸ߵɽҡΣаżռС綼ҵĲ·һ㡣
лҲ˲
ԭͬȵʯһ̾ǧ꣬Ļɽ緢ˣҪйǧķŭһ㡣
ƴһе
ԲǧڵԪķҵػ۶ǰȥ·һ㡣
лȵ
һȣޱ߼ʵĿռ
ռ˿֣֮ÿһռ۳һŰĿлգգƬأȻлһȻ巽ɱȥ
ɽڵĿռһԵġ
ǲͬǿģֻһεĻᣬлҪһλᣬ巽׵ĸ
ҷ裬һ˫۾ʵʰĹ⻪ǧףյƣҡǧȫ죬ֳ񵶣߿֮ϣռ۵Ŀ죬ǸһĿռ
ɱлһ֣ĿռһԶŻΪ׵߽սʳɱȥ
أ
ʵǿǱǿֲĿռҲǲϵصˣδﵽ۷弶߽ս屬ѶѪ꣬ɴ˿ɼǿռĿ¡
߽սգۼʣˣͬơ
лվڸ߿գŽˣܸо˷ܣ־壬ţȻͬ˲ͬ
ǣ֣칬аʥأлÿгһ֣ͻǵ಻ܿƵһ£лҪȫû
˵䣬ֻգʳָͻһ㡣
нҷƱ任ĿռӵıŰˡ
巽״һɫҰס
һ̣лħƿ£һеϴڣԵӡ˵Уĥ
ɱлȵ
зҵĿռȻ¡
ɲǼ䣬ν˶еǰһƬ׹⣬Ҳκζ
ֻк¡¡ıըҲ˵
ҡΣڲɽٿ־塣
ĩһ㡣
񱩵ʮӲŽ˵۾Ͷ»ָ̬ǼæĿơ
ӳľһƬޡ
巽վֻʣһ׵ĴӣɢɢĲ˵ĸ֣һǱ·ӵˡ
𣡡
һǺ
ħħǻʺճ߱ȵ壬Χ巽һɱ
ٵʥǾǻȻ׷׿ųɱȥ
һӵת
巽ΧΧˣǻģҲηʥǿǡ
ΧɱлһӸ߿մ
ǱĻ㽨ƤٶȽлΧĿУܹնɱлʧЩֵõģ


1511  컻Ϊġ
߽ս߽ս۷弶ȻΪռܵӰ죬ɱϾǿģҷһЩ鵤ҩѸٻָʵǺɵģοֵľ棬˭ܶԿ
壬Լδ峤Ҫء
λģСѣһûлǼǰս
ʥˮöԣΪԼˡ
߽սʣȻС
˿Ķ޽ӽ۷弶ˡ
С
߽սƤȳܲסл䣬ǺֵһǰսģɺãѾлռնɱҲƣֱӣβŭ
ŭƤֳһѷĳȳɱȥ
Ƥصʵ֮ǵսҪǿĶ࣬޽ӽ߽ս۷弶ǲǳ߽װˣ֮Ĳ࣬һ֣̾չֳԶԶԽǵʵ
ĳУĦնڲؿһĹⲨڳ֮۳
ֻһʵ
лȻվգĿ侫⣬Ƥأ˵ʵǿȴҲܵռĸţѾһȻҪʩչĶ
սȫתȫٵһ̧ͷϵļȭ˸Ĺ⻪̺һѰѵУҲ죬Ҫӳ˵
ֻܷӳһҲǶսʼܱģϼȭ׵ļӳ֣ˡ
ƶն
л䣬һƤرһնȥ
ʱһʮ׳׿ĳ޴ĵƾոֳŴһеƤصײһ
ײƤɫȻһ䡣
ӦǿռĺһҲû⣬ϾڷţлܹĲǣû뵽һײолս̫ۻ룬ֱһ֮£Ķ̱顣
أ
ಣ
ǿ󣬲ǿֲĵȻһɣַɳȥҲ֮࣬ȴûȫɢȻϬĹ⺮Ƥصϡ
ۣ
ӹѪŽȫһĻˡ
ϬĵȻһ½ƤظΪ롣
һնɱƤأ
ˣлЩţһȻһ޵Ѫ࣬ɻδ˿ֲĵزǡ
ʵڸлǰһС
Ƥطֹ̫ڵ͹ɡлֹϾƤǽӽ߽ս۷弶Ĵڡ
Լ𾪣˿֪
ԭԾԾԵ㽨ͻ״˵ɫˣҪĶҲ֮һ١
öҲɵͣ½Ųͣ˰л뷨
𾪵ԸӣлܿѹǺûᣬŵʧصĵڣɱ˵ʱ

Ƶ磡
˿ȥл·ǰһȴ֣һȻֱӵ㽨ǰ׵ĵط
ٶȳı֡
лǰֱ̧һ
ΪﵽٶȽնɱĿģԷֹ߽ս۷弶ǿΧԼı棬лһγҲʹɱ֣ޱġ
һ߽ս۷弶лٻЩգ֣ǳǳı֮ԲöҲΪҲδ߽ս۷弶ǿߵĶ֣ܷɱġ
޶+ƶն
ʱȣлֻƶնںϣˣ񵶵ϣмȭ׵ļӳ֣ǿս߶ԾǾ׵һ
㽨ѹ
лױȵһԼ֮˵һ£Ȼһ˲ķ֪ʲôãľ֮δйл𺳶ôǿҡ
ͷ㽨ٵĻӽֵ
꣡
ۣ
ƶնתΪƽ϶ǶӣǼһзټ񵶵Ŀ·̶ȣŵʶսʽ
ǳʱյߣ㽨޷ӳǿս
һն㽨񽣡
ʵĵҲ㽨ǰأһ׵Ѫۣƶǵĵնɱ
ʹ֮£㽨ҽһһˡ
ˢ
л̧һȥ׵ľ룬ٶȺεȵľˣ˵㽨ܱȵġ
أ
һžֱ̤㽨֮ϣ̺ĿֲսҲĴȣӿȵͨѾӳ㽨档
һʱ䣬عڶ
㽨ͷβûһηĻᣬôлնɱˣǿսлʤܻ˵š
һУƤء
Уһ̤㽨
ȫ˶ɵˣö֣ǻΪԼˣ۾صʬͷѪͣٸǣһжʵġ
лԼҲܲѣѪҺˡ
ɵնɱ߽ս۷弶ǿߣԭ򣬿ʵڣԾĵġ
𣡣
лҲ̲ס׷һյĳХ
·һħһ㣬ȻתǸ߰һ񵶵ָȵֵˣ
ܸ߰˶֪ġ
Դӳ֣Ǿͨ㽨ûֹ°˵ӣϹӶܸоص
˿Ŀлɱ߽սʣоһ˿־塣
ԭʮսʵģҪһܾ߽ս۷弶ˣԾųʮսʵĻᡣ
Ļࡣ
Ȼл͵һȣľһңࡰءͣĵһ
һˣֳѻȸ˶ˡ
߰ĻȻлһƵĺŵĵһһǱͷڵĺٶ
ʸ񵶳ʣл
Ȼ䣬˲ſʼգлûаγ񵶣Ǵŵսġ
͸ӵ䶯ˣлϸߵ۷塣
ȴ֪ѾлͰβ񵶣ڴ
лף˲͸ӵγϵѹȣʱܳʣ
ܵѹĻЩ١
ľң޷˼⣬һЩ⣬Ļ֮£Ʈϵʬ壬㽨Ĳ״Ǹе־塣

Ȼ䣬߰ĻһĽգ˶еˡһʧȥ
ȻתӴܡ

ȫȻ
лҲɵˣû뵽ȻôˣӦѾɳȥףһСڵ㡣
ܵĿ졣лЦתս
ͼս콫㽨ժ¿ռָóһŵͼлӶ£лһдע⣬ǡϹ


1512  
巽δȫûߵĻʮˣоͰѩѦ׳ɺһУӵбѩ֮ǣû߽սʳ֣ܹοһζߣ֮лǣƣдǺֵ֣ͨڻȺУ޴Ѱҡ
սǷǳ˵ġ
սл;Ӹ߲µƵһ˵ĸ߶ȣб̬ȡ
սѾԺҲֻʥǺл˴жջϹǿɷܱͨģȫֵʱɿκһ
оʥˮ塣
ǶлйӴˣлı֣ԺѡȻǻƫʥǷġ
½½뿪
лҲ˻ϣҲж
оһ󲿷˻عʥǣ;лɽкӦֹΧ˵ġ
ս죬ֶһǰȥħ
ǵĿֻһѰϹ屦ء
лһЩϹıͼټս㽨ѵһݲͼͼȱ顣
ȱٵ飬ֻһĿĵأһ·ͼлһ㷢֣һЩطĵص㣬ħĲԾǲȫ棬ЩͼѰϹ屦ػпܵġ
лˣһ˸Ľ塣
ʱƶϣΧĽѾˣлڸȥҲδܸϵϣҲûһҪμӴ˴νĽͷĿģһĽнˣ̱ĵħ类Ľ屳̷Ȼд˻ᣬ̸̸
üޡ
лãħҲܻһЩϢĿǰƿܹ֪һЩʵϢ
олҪԼһ¡
ʱ䣬ͻͽֻģľû㹻ĳԺͻ൱ӰģǾŽսͻƣҪҵĳſԵġ
һ˾һĸֻƵĻֻһ۱ľţȻĸһǻۣһŻδûʲôġ
ڴһ֮½½аżָİȻڴܹҵһġ
аż֮Улʤ紫ĸʥǷƲʥǿʼ˼룬ȻҲìͷָʥǣֻΧĽڽУʱѹеĲްˡ
ʥҲ˱Ϸ˼⡣
壬ɽǿǷع⣬Ƿȵ飬Ȼ
лһȫȻ޹ء
лһˣһСţ˳źˮĽڵĺϷȥлٶȷӵޣҲҪʮܹյǰУĽפأҲ֪Ҫá
л΢Ʒ֮£ڴƮʱ䡣
գлȥֻһĵĹˮҳ˶ͬϴȥǦ㣬ķâ
лһâ¶ǲʶˣһҲоģлյĳ¶ķâ˿ȥƽˮһֳɳ
¶âʱͬ񽣳ʣնء
֮ʱԵ񣬸һִ󺣰ĸо
˿ûʲô壬ʵľһֳɳһֱлľ޷ﵽΪĸԵʣֻƵĻľȻԲڣһ̬ϵұ仯ѣδܴﵽľҪһɵġ
ʱ䣬лһ
ľâ
ʱЩҲͨǸеģеÿһϸڶûблŹ
ظŻлůڵģ͸ƿĸ׶΢Цʱ㶼е棬Ȱľůл飬ҲЩӲɱ¾ıŰ֮Ȼɢȥ˿ȥӵͣȡ
һһĸ顣лȻһЦ
ҹҲоʱˡ
δһӣлۻսڳ֮ͬĺˮƿȻ
ΧĺˮҲҵķӿμ죬һˮ߿ս׵ĸ߶ȣлʵɢķâ
Ǵﵽս֮սȻ൱̶ȵǿӽ֮ĵزǿǸӽս۷弶ˡ
лЩ֮ϲˡ
ƣΪâ¶
֮л˷·ѹӣȻԵ֮ϣһδͨˡ
ǰ仯֮󣬱˷Ľ
лһЦս߶֮ͬȥ
գۼ䣬쮳ȥǧ֮ң
һڣǰżͣΣתڵĵط
ĺˮͳͳĻ䣬ˮ
лƽ͵ľбӳճǻ棬ٿȻֹͬʱһ̶ƵأԺвٶȸֵöڳֳӰĸΪںΪһڣӰغϵһĻ
ǴԼɲǷķʽ
Ƕֶںϡ
֮ǰлһ㣬ȭǰʽ˭죬Хںϵһ𣬹ȫµһʽȭ֮ŭ
˷ٶȸǻ棬лľйһξӵ·
ˮջع顣
ˮˮ
лļ両Ŷֱǵȭаҫ죬նǧжնĴ󶷼˴˶һͬ㣬Ǿˮ
ǶˮıΪġ
ˮᣬɸգᲢá
ȭﵽ壬γһȭΪȺĴ
аҫ죬аյ֮˶̺壬ǽˮ̫֮ġ
ֶлļ䲻ϵںϣ̼תϰַʽӸ޷ںϣҵϵ㣬ֻ˲ϢĹ򣬾ͺˮΣˮױںΪһһ㣬ǵıͬ
նǧжնǱԴͬһ޶
ںϸ쳣ǧжնлӶնи档
Ĵ󶷼Ϊֶ֣µںϡ
ڵĻһῴлڣлӰǷֱͨʩչֲͬĶ
ӳٵתһӶֶܽںʮΣȻҳͬн
лĿⶢǰķˮǺƻлʩչֱֶϵֶ̽һץˮֱϿշš
ˮͬԴлĵзˮڣе趯ͬӰҲص
ֶϡ


1513  ˮܽء衾һ
ȭնʥǶǸǵĶǧжն棬ʤ֣аҫǴ˵аյ֮Ĵ󶷼óһ֣ǶǵǱ˴˽صں϶ɵĶȻǸӵ;ס
ˮ̬ıá
Ӳֱһһǰ
ᲢõĶˮİչֵ쾡£Ȼлûˮԣȴܹöˮİ壬ҲһҵȻǰء
ֶںϣлҲ΢΢ı۾
ԺвϵظӰÿӰʩչֶеһ֣˴˽ϣںΨһ
Ǣ
ʵǷԣд顣
ˢ
лȻ˫Ŀһ绮΢ƽĺˮٶȲлһץ
һƬˮ⵴ǺˮԶ۳һˮУȻתձһնȥ
̼쵶裬ŵĺâ۳һֺɫ̫㣬֮С
䣡
챬УǺɫתΪʵʰ뺣ˮڡ
ˮѣ·磬ȡˮ֮⣬ǧ֮ߣױȵ⼤䡣
л۶ţ˫Ŀ⡣
˶ݶ·磬ΪϵԵʣˮǿɾло˵ԲؼǣܹҪĴʱӵġ
ݡƶն֮ŭͬһ϶
ʲôأ˶;ףȴִԣеζְɣţͽг䶫ˮɡлǺˮĶ֮£ϵˣȻ£򶫷ðôһ֡
ž꣡
лȷ֮һ·𼦵Ǳһ㣬ע
лŤͷȥͼǰԼ߰ٶ׵ĵط֮гһΣܵ顣
ֻһգ۵Ĺα㳹׵ѿ
һоͳֳ
ֻǺˮһȵˮܽ״ںڵ㷢ʪģ֮˸ŵ߲֮⣬ղʩ죬һˮ⣬Եףѩ׵ļںˮӳ¸ͬɢ˵ĹΣţ̰⻬Ǳؾͺޱı¶лУѩɽеĺӣңޱȵУƽ̹ûһ˿׸С¡ķΣ޳˫ȣʤգջ޼ޣֱлѪӿһͷһ帹£ͨ죬٣ǳһֱָǰ

εҲˮŮ
һʱо˿̽ʶŤͷȥл棬Ŀԣͨ͸
裡
л
ͬʱƶԷ֡
лĿ裬ӲĽɨţȵĿ·ȵư渧ţ㷢һٵ³ͬʱһġ
ž
һˮ𶯣лۣٵ½뺣ˮУͷųɫҹ𣬽ˮˣһգٵĴ·
ˮðѾ
л㡭ڵǰʣһ۾ͿлĳԵ͹𣬶ʱࡣ
лŻȻǳˮܽصһȴԵӡĺУĥĺ
ͷǵطεĵܹң˭ջҡ
ջ㣿һǹɫݣֱлͻĵط˵˵
ٶȹ죬ݡ
лǹ۾һȻûá
ˢ
ǹٿȻֹͣ迴ǵطٿлһνӣգ޺޵ĵл㣬ʲôʱôˡ
лָԼıӣһ޹ĵʲôʱˣҾ뿴ǹǲҵǹְˡ
ڵһ£е̷ȣⰵʾԵĻһǴֵ趼ЩܲסǷٻĳЩоʱ򣬱˴˼ĻǳΪ֮һ
л߷ߣ޿κεӣɵĸ¸´Ц
ԽˣԽ޷ƽ顣
㰡лµĻܿƽǰȻӵ磬Ƹһ㣬˵㰡˵ģһƳΪٶأֲ㼸׵ľ룬ҲԺиַſľٶðǿҵĻ棬һߴҪȥץС
ȵĺڶߣеģǼٵʶʲôŤͷһͷлֱĶز߷֮ҲĪʹһ˿ϲá
ɴδй˾ͱ˽Զ飬ɵüҰģлһ̽צлɲ

лʹ֮£һ
˰ĹЦ֪ҵ˰ɣģ´οҸ㳶
Ҳ֣Ժ㻹òˡле
ƴ첼һ㣬̧ٶȥ
лһԾɶ㻹ˡ
˵ˮһˮȥ
лЦţˮ˴˷϶Ʈȥ˵ʵ㣬˵ң˭Ҫ㡣
һӲޣòġĴС
ܴѾӦ޸˰лһתһѻ
ʲô
辪еҲͣסˮľٶ
лһǰ¡βһƣЦǰȥе԰
лģƭ̣ŭǹ׷
ֻǱͻȻһ仰ˣ΢һ룬ףδϣڣҺ޲ҸŮôޣοݣԼδǱ¶Լ˵ġ
һǰһգۼȥмס
ͣ
л軹ںɱţתͣսơ
ռұˣôᣬŶûСǹ̡
ҽҵѪ䡣лЦĵ
׻
Ѫ䣬أҲʹһֱ׳Լʡ
Ȼˣ
㣬㡭輤ص
лĽӵ뻳У޾Ϳްɡ
ҲŲޣŮ˴ɷʲôʱ޹˵Ĵ۾ȴ˺ɫˮлĻУı
൱衣
Ѫ䣬ǱȻ˾˽Ѫϣϡ
Դǰ˵ҪǿԼʵҪΪܽѪŬΨͻѪƣſܳ׵ĽѪ䣬ҽѪ뵽õİ취֮һ
󣬱ϣŶôѹѪӡ׽ѹ͸˳ɰǧҪ֪Ѫӡô˾Žսʾ͸ˣȴΪѪ䣬ǡǡ෴ұؽ
ʱͻȻôѹٿȻ֪


1514  ˮܽء衾
ŶΣ˶ˣδ޹ҲƲסʹʹĴһ
ˮл·ʪ͸ˡ
лʲôŮˮģĸǴŮܣڿ޷ĸְ
С
ֻӵ裬޸ʹ죬ùǹ
ӵһۿл֪ѾǴҹǹˣȻɾսʼļ
豾ҲǿĽս۷弶սֻһ֮Զ׼йһġ
˰Сʱ
žž
лơ
ҰΣ㲻Ÿлңôҵ·йأл٩Щָ
ߣﻹҪءͷлһ㲻ӣ˫·衣

л¶ʱ˺飬¶ʵš
ȻлĿɿڴУһҧлϡ
л۵һ죬ػʥ壬ǰݸãݸǷʲôȻˣһǽлսʶͷ۵Ƥҧˡ
ɿ죬̧ͷһӣۣ
Ѫˣл۵
ԭҲΰ¶һĨõЦݣϳĺڽëŵ飬ܽش꣬Ķǡ
лۣʲô뿴ǲΣ
ЦȻˣѵһҧԼһ°Ƕ۰
㻹֪۰л˵ɣôлңҿǰҽѪ䡣
л͵ϴ裬ֻϢˣûء㣬Ѫ䣬ǱͲ鷳ˡ
ȲӣлЦǲѣֻ
˵ǡߴٵ
Ҫ۾Ҹʲô׼šлǿżЦ
ϱ˫Ŀ
ʱͺݵˣں㷢趯üʹһ˿ҰԣĽƯںˮ棬ͬˮһ㡣
ˣ
л۾·͸ӵһ㣬ԺٶȸַǳˮܽصһĻ̲סϸ棬ȵļɢԼޱ۵ĸо
Ʊϡ
ʱ
ģƹһĸо±Եλãܵصĵԡ
ռ˰ɡȻ۾
ûǣֻǴһ㣬ԾɴлޱĸоѿڶûС
ž
ִлƣųûռˡ
лٺһЦԭ֪ռˣȻûֹǲǴš
ѹеɫ룬лԼ侲Ѫڱеһ飬ǱԺʥǿĴڡ
ö۷ɳ
ɫ
л򵥵Ľ˵һ飬֮ǰҪڵӦÿԺɰɣ
һ˵Ѫˣ֮͡ɫĵŹע裬һ֮£۾һñ̬ǱŤͷлǱ㲻¡
ٺ٣ҵŮôܲлĵ
һ߹ȥ˭Ůˣ׽
ɫȻһЦ֮ĴΣ˫ĿһĨ貵Ľ⣬Ҫ޻ֱӱ㱬һϡ
һõӰꡣ
ǽɫ֮£ڴѪ㿪ʼ𣬸ѪڵҲһ顣
䣬Ѫ㱻
ɫ»عöڣл
Ѫ䣬ޱȷɣѪĶȻһμ
ûзκε鵤ҩûؼԪûΪѪжͷųһжȻȻġ
ĿһУлԺһ⡣
տңΪȻһɶǷͬء
ǼģبѾõѹ֣ͷңӶͻͽֱӳսʼ硣
Լأ
лȻǳңȴͨĸǸĸ򣬲һѹĸ飬ĸ׵Ĺͻ
֮ǰȻľȴ̶ȵľ
ıֲʵһС
ԭ
һһһҹʱ䣬ӲǽѹͷŵĻᣬԼһԾսʵľ硣
лֻһˡ
𣡡
跢һХ˫չͷų񱩵󺣵ٴγӿХ
ɫ裬˷ܲѡ
ڽѪ䣡輤شе
лЦôлҰ
վڸ߿գͷ·ˮϵлͻȻ£ۣ
л΢΢ЩȻ۾
ž͸еһڶǰ㣬Ȼ͸һǣ
ҪŶֻǶĸлˡ΢죬һץлеǹץߡ
ҲģġлٺЦǸ裬ء
СŮһһۣҰԷлĵѡ
⣡
ǹǹб仯
ûҵл
˵ءûĵ۾ҲƲĳĳһۡ
лҲԣӦҹǹǹں˰ɣľƺҲо˵ʱ䣬ǲʲô
ЦðɣȻûǵá
ǣлȻ
԰һ֮ܵǰ˵ż㲻аż𣿡˵
ż
лԴ뿪аżһ˴ںУһжûнӴ治֪Щ顣
аżżˣл
㻹֪辪ȵ
ʼ磬лһںƯ죬һֱûнӴκˣ췢ʲôҲ
ѹ֣ǰħʺսżˡ
лһ£漴׹ħʴкаʴǱģ˫ʴеģζħûԼĳҴҲĶȫ壬ҲǿԷֿģϹ˻ʣϹʥʵĴоͷֱ䶯֣õġ
żΣлʵ
ϷˣʥǵõĶ٣ںаżĽפشսûж˷ǰȥżħżڣŽȥԴҹŽлһ˾˵õħʲִںϵĲֺĦ˵ĴУսżڶһ֮ϣ˵Ϲǿۼ֪һսйأֵģϹǿǸϾȥ̽쳽ǫ롣
ǫֲţʹʥл룬ϧͶ쳽Ůפأǻһ¹
ԴˣлҲǸ߿һ۵ģƾֱǫԽӦܵʱѪӡӰ죬ǱǱҲ˿ġ
õʲôл
һ˰ռսżе˵һ¾쳽ʵ˻õսʴУ


1515  ᡾һ
սʣΪսǿʣһδԼֻΪԽʮսΪԼĿꡣ
Ƿɹ֪ͬģʧٵġ
һսΪʣ䴫пνΪֲģԤԣոսԣսпܸ߳ϹʥһߣֻϹʥ֮ԾУȡɣսֻսȤʤܸϣҲδ͹ֻ
һλǿʴбǫõҲζţõĽǫٶȳؽǾ춯صĳǿߵ̬
ż֣Ϲǿּ߳󣬶ƺڱ˼Ի͵ĵЩַлڵħľһƳûаƣоˡ
ʸϣ
ֻϧӽɫõһЩлУȷȻЩʧ٣ȴҲ١
ǫǫлĵ
ζǹǫûʸҵĶ֣
лҲԼǹ֮ϵŰǹںǹȻɾͼƷսʼˣ㵽ʲô
дʹǰӡʨĵط˵
ʨʥ֮һ
ҲǾʥ֮кеĴɱģǱʥʥ֮˵õʨϿɣǩԼʥ˵Ժټȫġ
ʨģлʵ
ˡ̾
лʲôˣôǱӡġ
εĵ⣬ѾӡԻָģɲ֪ģȻ
лȻ
ɫӰлԺиֳΪϽɾʥ֮λʥѾԽʱ򣬾ʥУʵǿͬľͻȥǶǿԭڣĳһʥܹͻơ
ʥվδͻƼޡ
ʨȥôζϽռʥ֮λ
˫ǹϲʵأл
˵Ҳ֣ҵʵΪʨںϵʹӡγɵ֮ͻƵģʨʹӡǿģҲ֪ôȻôǿǹı֮Ȼҵҹǹǹеںˡ˵ڶе졣
лѯʽɫ
ʥʨͻŵĹУﵽǻŵĻܴﵽĸ߶ȣͻƺǹںϣҲûͣʹӡйأǸط´ڵĳЩйذɡɫҲͲ
ɲ֮ʵǹΪƷսʼӹɵģҲǺ¡
ﵽսʼزϰǹҲսˣл䶷׵ĻǸˡ
˽̸УϷȥ
ĽһУڱС
ռݵħĪĹʣ˭˵ĽûкȡϵأһϵǾǹغ˼İΣˡ
˱ӿٶȡ
֮ǵһֵĺ
һ죬ȴɽ˺ַǷ¥ںļУޱ޼ʣıҵ֮󣬱ң߼鱨ȵȣļƵĺڹĺ࣬ڴж㣬ռ鱨չһЩ
лһ·УҲһƵĺδֻǲЩʳﵭˮˣĴʲôᣬ˵ע
ĳΪսʼͬΪȴ֮𣬾ͬսʼĲһһ档
лöҲеļƷû뵽ἰľȻսʼ
սʼˣлɻ
ʵ
лͷ˵սʼĻһ˵˵ǾŸһ㺬ˡ
սʼڷǳϡı̫ߣ˵Ϲʱв֪ټԴѪӡ֮һսʼͳͳʧӰ٣£ӦǱӡѪӡ׽ܳʱˣսʼԲľͻóļʥڹҲô࣬ʵ
л֪һЩУϹʱµսʼϹǿйϾЩ˯ѵϹǿߣδصģʵǿĴڣսʼҲ˸еġ
νᣬһϹǿй
˱ںϡ
һҿջʱס
һҹ޻
峿Լʮңȵһ㳡ۼˣлҲȺС
䣬лĶͨʱ̿š
ҲʥǣǵȸˣֻݲߣʥǷ棬ֵʥ˵³ʥ׵£˶ʹʥʥʥ׵һлս
ǱȴʥŽǰʮ˵ǵҲͱȽѷɫһЩ
Ҳʥȫ࣬Ѿһսʼĵز֮ʥˣǵĳɾȻҲ൱ġ
ǷΪ׵ĺȻǱѩŮѦ
ŮлҲЩͺˣսʵľܹǰ棬лǰȴǲ̫Զˣ޷Աȡ
εȻûпĶ˸ǰֻϧĶӲɫֻǸڵĶлվһ𣬲Ծıϸ
ƣûĵ𶯲ռˡ漴˵ǶκһڵУǶһˣǶĽսԱģˣǶԼ⣬Ѫӡ׽֮ǰԵľͿʼʱһϱֱ֣ԵĸϴǶԿսŸڵĹ۸Уȥȫ½ʮµսʼҳ̫̫ǿˡ
̫ǿˡлЦ
ǵҲԣսʣһ̬˭Ƕ֣轾ĵ
лٺЦǲ֪˵Ǵսսأʲôġ
̧ŶݺݵزлĽ棬ŷ֣㻹һɫǣǰôαװôá
ʱ㳡ʱ̨棬߳һͷüëѩ׵ߣһ֣лӦ
ħѪ֮ˣ
߸ʵﵽĽսʵĸ߶ȡ
߿ڵᣬҪսʼֻҪǵҪ󣬱ɹƽң


1516  ᡾
Ȼٰ̾ģ
ʵл֮⣬Ϊħ类繥ݣ̺ĽΪУٻæҲ˹սʼɣǿһʷǳĲƸ
սʼһǶͷġ
̾Ȼó
л˫۱أ۾Ľսʼ̸֣Ҫʲô
һָ࣬лȻʥ֮ǡ
̬Ƿݣ費ԾĿȥȻһ˿˿ĳԣԺиǻ˴ƮһС
Ҳ֪νУ̶һַʽˡ̸ֱ˵˵Լݡ
˾ٶ䶯
˭̵֪ˣҪƷԴҶһֻۣһֻۣȥƻΪǵݣԱ˴˶ĬĲȥǣǾȻ˵ơ
леζˡ
Ҫʲô
Ȼ̣ôʸ£ΪҪǳսʼѩѦҲֱ˵ѯؼ⡣
ҲԴ˸е֡
ô˵ǹУûɽսʼ۵ĵ
˵Ϊ˰˼Կ磬λţ̸ϹŵȻЦݡ
ţѦĻشɴࡣ
̸ֵˣ˵ʵҲţαأսʼûģǿԼ飬Ҳûκֽš
ڸ֡
лᵽ⡣
ͷǿ˼Ϣ֪֮٣ҵħ类繱ףҲֻ˼ͬԿδ֡
ͷ⣿
л̽櫣л൱ʶģŮ˵ϸʵǿǸȥȥǹеŮӣǻۿԱƴսԱƴŮһ
ؼǣ̵ܹ̱ģӪɫ񵤴˵ʱ䣬һжΪԼղɸ˵Ŀġ
ŮˣţÿһŸε⡣
̻᲻ֶΣ˵ҲǺܻɡ
лӦòᡣ
ɫֹ̽սʼǶŸ߼Ĵڣҵ鶼Ƿǳ°ƧģոˣҪֶΣǰģҪսʼ涯ֽţܡ
ǵʲôĿġü
սʼȡһЩƷл
̸ֵĻɵ˶͡
ڵ뷨ܼ򵥣Ǿսʼ
žž
̸ơ
̵ŮӶڷѽһѵȻʣԾɢǿķ֮⡣
սʼ
л΢һӦ϶ֻͨսʼǹ൱Ĳࡣ
ѽһΪ齣һΪҵһΪսʼһõġ̸˵
ţ
лľһ׽һҪ鱨

̵˾ȻɲʲôϢ˼صĵط
˵һǾһ壬ÿÿ˼Σʱ̣Ż֣ôغڵأǵʮҲδһֻĺ߳ڽɫռлУȷļ䣬Ǿڰĺ޳֣Σһʮǰ
ʱ˼ҲǴڵ͹ȣ֮٣ǡħһǿҪ֣޳ǸǿĨɱɱħ磬㹥ݵħ磬ֻǺΪܵĳƣ޷뿪ħһ١
֮ǰл֪̽򣬸ǵõ򲿷ֺ޵֧֡
ھȻ˽
̵Ŀĺڣ
սʼ֮ǰ˵һ¹ء̸˵Ǿʥ֮ˮʥʯ֮ġʮսħ޾Ѫߣɽн
ʥ֮ˮʥʯ֮ĺʮսʼħ޾ѪǶƷеļƷ
˵ʥ֮ˮʥ崴Ʒʥʯ֮ľ˵ʯ׹˼һڣնɵƷõʥʯ֮ģʥ׵ʥﵽĵز
лսʼǿ߲֮ʵѾûôʥ׵еĻȻóȡսʼġ
ʮսʼħ޳޵һѪѩѦվһСƿ˳
ʮսʼѪȻúܴԶԣսʼø󣬱ϾлǵõԽʮսʼ޵ѪҲһЩʵˣսʼȴǿԳʹõģʮˡ
Ψһлעǣлû뵽ѦеѪȻǳ޵Ѫ
̵ĸšƿǡ
һѪͷųһɳҵϢиֳ䲻Ӱ
ôܣǳ಻ʮ죬ϰģ̸ŵĵ
лҲǾһ
ʮ죿
ǾζųѾٶȳ˼ˡ
ǰޣҵõһѪѩѦƽ˵Ҳû˼
ѦȻޣ
ǰǲаżڴս巽ʱ
û뵽ʱ򣬳޳ˣ뵽żԼѵϹǿֽһһеһУƺ˵˼Ĵ仯
һѪɻ̸ֽ𣬽Ѧ
Ѧֳֳ΢һؽʡ
̸ֿˣûܹóʥ֮ˮʥʯ֮ĵģ
У˵³ǰóһƿӣһɫģ⻬ޱȵʯͷ
̸һ飬ȷû
սʼȻ˵³
˵³Ƿҵ͸ʥ׵£˻һЦƺһж֮С
һԤ⵽ġл
ȻԤ⵽ģսʼûпֽܱŵġ
սʼôһתۼ䱻˻ߡ
ȫڴ߳δ֡
̸һ֡
½½̨ʮ̵ŮǵоǶ̣Ҳȫǵ͵ı
ȫ̸
ᡣ
һóʮһսʼȷɳƵᡣ
ǾƷ
սʼǰԵúһ㣬ɲҪǣսʼҪƾմǷǳǳѵģͨ¯ں϶ɵģҲսʼĻͺл񵶣ԽսʼǴں϶ɵء
ᣬͬľ൱
л̵ˣȥʶһ£ǴŶ̽櫣档
ʥл٣
軹δǰһļͷ
лɫ䣬Ķͨȫʱ̹עΧȻ֪ôǰģļû֣ҪɱĻǵˣ


1517  櫡һ
ŬڵľƽϢлĺҲָ̬սȴ͵תȻս׼
ת
վһȥʮߣ׵ͷһ˫۾罣Ϲŵ΢Цӽһ׾㣬ȫļ⣬һУһ׳񽣡
ǣл˵ţȴ൱𺳣һЩʮսʼ֮󣬵սʼȻ޷л۾ǰ˽սʣ
˽սʳˣ
ҳصٶ֮죬ǽ߽սʳصģҪ֪ǰ߽սʲŸոճصģЩǱﵽ޵߽սδأ˽սʾѾأζʲôǷŽսʣʮսʳҲָտɴ
ǵһ̸ɺã˽սʼǿߵ
ԡлˬͬ⡣
Σ֮޾ڴˣҪߵĻǾŽսҲסģȫߣʶлԼİΣ⡣
ƣĿٵд˼֡
Σս츳ͻֳ侲ͬһ̶ˮ̬ƽޱȣĺбֳлд֣ǱСĶ֡
˸ǰ˽սʼǿ߳㳡
ʮó㳡ͷˣԽ࣬õĻԽ󣬱ϾʥڣһûȫռʥҪ˵ˡ
Ҳûע⵽ǵ뿪
ܴ뿪ֵĵطһƧĵط
һ·лϸĹ˽սʼǿߣطһ˿Ϥĸоԭ΢ŵҲ
лٿܲ³ҵݣ˽սʼǿߵ
л΢΢һЦû´ĻǰӦĸְɣ
Ŷôģ˽սʼǿȻ
олһЩ˲սǵϢһЩϤһص㣬ǾЩƣоƳ·ݷһͷ󣬲ԣĺͬȼҪһЩҲеڲͬ
ԣ˽սʼǿ߲ɵ̾ããȻڲͬʥ֮һһˣ
лǰˣ֪ǰˣк⣿
ġ˽սʼǿ˵Դлаż֮峤лټ̸Щ飬ֻлȴʧ٣ʥǷ涼Ҳлٵټû뵽л١
峤Ҫһ̸
л͵£뵽һֿܣǾܻѡʥǣ˵ĻôʥǾڱƵ˼⣬Ľ֮ΧҲԿԿģϾϹʱݺ˼ĳǿ塣
峤ںδл
˽սʼǿЦ峤мҪ֮˵أлٻ
֮лȻΪȥפصġ
û⺣һر˽սʼǿ˵Ŀ·͸Щ谭˹㳡ֵ龰̵õսʼʮ⺣ڵõģЩԭǲƵرŵԽ׵ģҪر֮Щ뿪˵Ȼͻбѡ

лһۣЩ⡣
̵òЩѡģ̵ǲ֪Ҫ뿪ҪرƲſԣȻֻóܵĻԼܹʹõıˡ
һлעģǾرʲôѵ¯һɣ
ָܹ
ƺҹǹǹںҲҪѵرйɰ֮ǰ˵ĵص㣬ƺ̫ܣҵʨӡطǾＸǧĵطӰ쵽ôңԶĵط
ãȺ峤ĵл
˽սʼǿЦǾ鷳лˣȸǣȥһЩ顣
˵뿪ˡ
лıӰʧжЩֹǾ峤ҪʵĿġ
Ϊ˽
ûʽȷ֮ǰлҲû˿İգϾǿ壬ɲġ
л⵺ߡ
Ϥ죬ҲȥӦһ£ǷܹνرһȦҲʲôû֡
˱㷵ؿջ
ҪȺʱ䣬˵˵Ҳ̣ĽפĴս϶Ǹϲˡ
л̬ôȥעĽ巽ˡ
صջлԼĿͷǰҪţһ˿΢ļɲӷڴ
ҲлĶͨţȻĻ
лľ̴ս״̬
ı仯ûԱߵ裬˷ţһǽѣͬʱţ˴ҲһҰˡ
Ҳս׼
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ƿš
л۶ǰĵطһȶˣõӰӳ
ȥʮӣ뻭Ͼ治ʩɫ糯ϼӳѩһ˫üϸʧţӣ޷̽Уһͷɫٲд˫磬ĵǱ֣ϸ֬
ԼһңһϮɫĳȹжȣ͸˺Ҫͣ͵Žϸӯӯһգȴͦε·Ҫ¶ǰ˵زϸγǿҵӾԱȣź˵ǣͷ
лУֻΣգ
ΪŮ˲Ǳˣ̽櫣
һķ֣ռ壬ֱ̣ɫ񵤣ռл䶯죬֣Ŀֲڡ
£ղġ
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̽櫾ձ֮½һŮ˿Ǹ߸ϵŮô櫾Ȼ˼ħŮ
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չһЦٻӣ¶һ˿Ĺ⣬κ˶ҪѪڣûκȴİ骣ٱɵ̺ǿʢٱǧ
櫣
ǿŮˡ
ıսǵŵĴڣ߽ϣܳߡ
һЦǿһΪսĶЩƮæӲĳ˶ͬһǹңָ񷣬Ӱ졣
λǿʨɣЦ
ͦͷȻҾ裡
ܲ㣬лɫڵǵŽȻĲͬǵʱ񣬺Ÿпԣֻɭĸо
Цƾ㻹ûʸң㣬ѳԽʮսʼˣŮˣ
лпգ
櫣Ϊڵɫ񵤣櫵һ꣬ЩͷԼѹֵĺܡ
û뵽边Ȼܵ櫹°ı֣ԣĸп⡣


1518  櫡
ŮƺκһŮ˶ԣǷǳķУŮ氮òʤһУŮˡ
ȻǶʹںϴħѪɾ͵ĵħʮѵһϳɾ͵ˣҲźܴƣҲ䲻ϵس˯ʱ䷴࣬ɱϾʱܳԼ˵Ȼ׶Σ㻹мǧٹһЩʱգòƤͿʼ껯һЩ֢״ġ
ʶ櫷ǳļɻ䱻˳ΪŮˡ
ǰл֮ǰһ׼û뵽һƺһĲʧأȻһƴϱŷ·Ҫɱһ
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˵ģһɫڣҶԾŲɸ˵ĿģС
΢΢һգǷŭܿƽϢ
ľʹﵽ㣬ľҵģƽǳɱϢ»ָƽˮӣһжƿ֮С
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ԴĿõħ类繥֮лҪ̸̸뷨ȻҲͬ˼
櫴˵ҪδΨһİ취Ǵħͨõħǿ߽˼磬ֻһǱǱˡ
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û뵽һƽƽɡлֱӵ櫵˼
櫵ȻһЦˣҵѾ˼ɫ񵤣һΪģңֱɫ֮ڣֱҵ䶯죬֣л˵ʵ˵Уõľлԭܼ򵥣˱֧֣Сõɫ񵤣ٶҵİ֮£ÿһ̨ףٶ֮죬ҵҲٵģأ
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лЦĵǰ˾룬߽ս۷弶ֻһ߿˽սʡ
櫵üһħبеħѪѹڵı֣ܿҵľ磿
ɫڵǿȴҲǳĹؼлҲûҪϲ̸̸ҹҪɫȥϵһּܹ꣬նɱ߽ս۷弶Ҳ޷˵̸֮ǰǲǸýߣ
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ֻлǾּնɱ߽ս۷弶Ļ͸һ˿в߽ս۷弶ľ硣
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ʶһЩ⣬л֪ģ
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֪Դлʹʥõһö֮󣬽ɫͷɫĴڣͿʼİлһЩҪܣһ㣬лԼ֪
ǺðɣҪƽףȻұ㽫ȡЦ
ֻҪǵȡȥˣɫ񵤣졣л
櫵ⲻ̫ðɡ
ʲôõġлãɫ񵤿ǰҵģôҲҪлһ£԰ɡ
лЩˣ˵ɫ񵤲˵ɫ񵤺õҲס̵ĴԼˡ
櫵ãɫ񵤣Լſػɡ
΢΢һЦлſ˶ɫ񵤵ķӡ
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лһڵսҵӿ
ɫɢѪҺȵȵطľ֣׷׵ɢսı֮£ܿ챻۳ˣ»ɫڣɫ΢΢ĲشؿλƮɳ
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лȻеԼҲõ൱ƺ֮ǰҲΪɫ񵤵Եʣܵ൱ƣ޷ӳǿزģޱȵл۷𾫹⣬ϹһĨЦ⣬ڵҲң


1519  櫡
عң
леԼؼԪϵӵˣһ䣬һ˿˿ԪеĽл壬սϣǰζ֮һ仰леڵ
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һĿϬͬҪлģ֪ɫܹѹܹ֪֮ţлĵ͹ˣߣһһϵǿڣ
ΪҪƶϹϵĴڣȥõʲôָأлЦĵͺǵõ񱮣治ϹʦԤĵǿʮ˵𡣡
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⣬ҪϵģһζƣŪã˽ԼģѾû·ˡлߵ
£һнġ櫵սʼУǱл˵õģȻҪһĴ𰸡
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˴˱˴ˡ櫵
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лǲǿ̸̸ˣħѾ繥ݣû˺·ô

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ǵһ˵ħ类繥ݵ飬»һ֪ˣ֣Զûɢ
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лĵҲӦаɣȻУֺαصҵϹأ
ǵҲԣõؼһͼǱͼ֮⣬뱦֮صһЩͼûͼȥҲ櫵ұ㣬Ϲ


1520  櫡ġ
Ϲһֱл֮һ
߳ǵʥǿʼٵһصϹͼͼ֮һһֱڣʮûн⿪⣬ҲµذɣǵϹЩǣҲδ֪Ϲֻ֪һЩĶˣ֪ϹأһЩصѡ
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лͬʱһ˵ЩʧأĺзЩ޷ƽ
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磿ἰ磬һ˿ĪЦ⣬δķչᳬҲһ


1521  񽣡һ
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ľҲ
ĿĺڣƶϣֻʼûеõĴ𰸣޷ȷģοھ̫ҡ
˼籾ͺң֡
ⷽ飬һôһǣȻҲܹ֪Щġ
屻ս꣬Ȼʼδϵڱ쳵ǱϾǿ֮һϹʱռԼϹŶݱʵû˥ʮսʼǿߣʵǰ࣬Ҫ˼ȨĻҲһġ峤³˵
лҲϡ
ϣֻζлᣬҲٷ֮ʮĿԣϾʵҲǺʹ൱һЩʮսʼڣ˭˵ĴؾûأȻûУΪֹԼ̫лҲ㲻νؾǸʲôĴڡ
ҪԣսǲеģҪĶǹ鱨ѼȻ㣬鱨ͺ󣬾ʱΧ˵ˡ
ʶЩӡϹǿûԼԵģǷȱĶʵ̫ˡ
Ҳ֪壬ǹŽ壬㣬ο֣¾⼸ʱڣ£˼ܹǹؼϹʱֵΨһһλʦԤķδ峤³˵Ŀġ
лȻʦ
峤³ûֹһλʦ֮ǰһʮԤԣǰʮζѾӦ飬ᱻӡǰ׼ԾɱӡʮԤԣҲʱ̣ǽ񽣷˵ʯڣлܹ񽣰γôʥǡ
ԼģлȻ
ǡ峤³ˣǰױӡȫʱһ֣طӡ߿һ¶·ġ
ȻҪγ񽣲ſԣǾȥԡ
лҲûаգ˭֪жѶȡ
ΪͶȻô鷳
л赣ģ񽣺ʯµֻǸʦԤ⵽ˣܹγ񽣡峤³˵
лʼ磬ҾȥԿ
ԼǷԤ⵽л̬ȣʦȻԤ⵽֮ǼֱЦ
ƽ̸лӲʦ˿µܹԤʱ䣬ܲ˼ˣȻԤʲô֮ģǵǿԣҲΪʲôϹʱʦԤ˸оĶΪֶǿԤ⵽ܾԶ֮󣬿Ԥһδô֮һ˵ˣǴ˵Ļǿĸıˣ
ҾʦҲгʱ
һ˱뿪˵ء
λλãǹ㳡Լһǧ׵ĵطµڣǿƣһֱͨﵺ·ٶ׵ĵط
·Ŀռ֮Ҳǳл֮⡣
һƽ׵ӡ
ЩûУǶµģõϿɣɰγ񽣣ҲԶʧ׵峤³˵
лͷû˵
վ޴ռڴлһ۾ͿĵطһԼռʮƽ׵ľʯ
ʯ鲢ûноϸֻһЩħͼ񣬾꣬Ծ˸ŵĹΡ
ʯһѽ
һֲʯڣ滹׵ĳȣ岻֪ӣҲ൱ľˣʮףڳ޽ҲΨ˲ܹʹõġ
лһξ룬ܸе񽣷â¶
˽սʽһġ
ڴﵽսʼ޵ĴڣȻóйǾͱ˽гԽսʼĿܣǱԲӰ˹㷺ġ
Χʮ޴ħ޵
ÿһʮ׵ĳȣ׵ĸ߶ȣ˴ң̬죬ռ޴ռڵط
ǻġ峤³ͻȻڵ
лȻģ
峤³ͷûǻģλʦѡУش˵أ֪ʦʲôֽţǱ㻯ˣ˵ܹõһֻذԾܹתģҲٴθ
屻գδʲô£أлȻ
ħеһħޣȻǿȴ㣬һͱһЩˮԴܹȥȻܶ࣬ҲﲻĴ氡峤³̾ϢϻҲ˵ˣл٣ɡ
л񽣣һ˹ȥ̽ץס񽣡
ƴеŶͬʱһлڣԺиһ˵ģҲʦԤǸˣл


1522  񽣡
һŹŨüۣü͸ϵģէȥ͸һֳصѹȸУֵ͵еģ
лδ
ʣɫлԺи֣гһ֡
ʣǰǿ֮һϹʥʣаʣħʣսʵͬȵĳڣ֮ͬڣĳ֣˵ܹظġ
ڵʱ֮Уֵ磬ǳϹʥʱ֤ʵʥʵʱȻȥλȥʣգֻǾ˵ϹʥĳЩϵΪϹʥʼ֮󲻾ãʲȥģԣд裬ʰܱġ
ֻǴһ˵δõκӡ֤
֧ʵĸҲҪôҪôϹʥӪϹʥʲзǷɾ͵ġ
˵һʦôԤ⵽δ֮飬Ԥ⵽Ŀ϶ʱǳӽˣԤʱѾв͵ĳɾֻͣϧûʣ㱻ӡˣ˵ʮԤ⣬ʧˡлЩʧ˵
ɫЦҲδؼá
Ŷʲô취ло˽ɫš
ϵһ֣һܿóǴͼתģۼѶȣɫ񵤰ǧ֮һ磬ɫڵİаƽ⣬οҿ԰γ񽣡ɫ˵
лԣɴϲ
ˣ룬ͬ˵ʥǿԺɨȴ֮ϡ
ʥǽ޵еĴڡ
֣ʥǰҲֵʲôôȻ֣лҲûٴн⣬ɱ˼֣ҲҪ⣬˼ڲ⡣
ؼΣǷֵġ
ôɣл
ɫ΢΢һЦҵġ
žͿһ˿˿͸л˫ֽڣתʯڡ
ûƬ̣ʯ
ԭڴ˼״ɵö
ΨлףǶǽɫɵģҪװģĲУһν
ˣ
񽣲
һ˵ģݳֳ
ʯڸֵģƺʦµԤһĻģɾԣлơ
лЦѣ֪ʦԤ֮δز֪Խɫǳģ壬ȴƫƫܹлͨ˰γ񽣣Ųɵġ
ԴˣлҲûھΡ
ʧ֪ˣҲǰ塣

лϺһνҲȽȽķ𣬴񽣷ǡʯڻ
һ뿪
ǰɣ
뿪ʯʯҲ֮顣
գۼ䣬еŷ׷׵𲻶Ƭ֮󣬳׵ķϵ
л񽣣䳤Ȼ׵ģ߳һ׶࣬У̴ܹĸо
񽣽ͼƣƴֲڣȴеķ
峤񽣣лֽ׳ȥ
峤³󼤶ؽӹ񽣣̽һѽ񽣰γһĨĹâ·˸һ㡣
񽣳ʣ㣬ɢ޾ķ֮⡣
лͷһ⽣ڽٹܹ꣬Խսʼӿ¡
λ峤³󼤶صԸʥǣ֧л˼䣡
õ峤³Ͽɣлһɡ
ִ壬ԽǿһԽӲܸı䣬ȻϷ޳ζ˭ҪǱѣͱģһһģ壬壬Ž壬һȵȣ֣𣬷Բᱳѵġ
Ǻ磬˼䲻𣬱ִʢл
ͼ룬ȫҲǶʵϿɡ
峤³ɵôϲ
ʵʼգлûйֵץȨ֣ûпڼʥǵĸԼ׻ǣȤǳɾǿߣ޵еĴڡ
峤ҲӦóлٿǵԺʥǾƵҲ㡣˽սǿ߿ڵ
峤³ЦЦǺðɣΪ񡣡
лԣгΪǿǵʥ֮һʵݴɽϢ칬ǿеڶǿڣȻҪΪ
̫ˣ
ͬʱһлĸо̫ˡ
峤֪֮ãٹ̡л˵ίʵѵ˼Ҫ̫߹Լ
峤³ЦһлٿǾ˻̫ˣ
лЦһ£û˵ʲôֻƣ뿪˵ء
Ǳԭ·ء
˵ؼϾһḴģǾͲܳڴ˵أñ˷֮ģǰƻ
ҵȷôол
峤³ЦͶˣл̫ЩνʥضѾ˰ɡ
лѵ峤֪Щʲôɣ
峤϶Ĵ𸴵ǣ
峤ͽ̡л
ҵȻʥǣʥһӣӦл١峤˵лû˵ɣ
лҡҡͷ
峤ЦҲѹֻ֣ɹʲɣԸϿɣԴӽӡ֮󣬾һֱʹй۲죬ȻĿԸԸõһЩ鱨Ȼ˿ʼǰȥص飬ǵõĽǣҪɱѴ֮
Ŷô˵峤йˣл
Ҳ˵ܣٹҷѼΪʵǿԶ϶ģҪֻ䣬ǷֱԼӶּɡ峤³Ц
鲻ƾһʵս潻氡
лΪ潻ġ
뷨Ҳ˸˵ĸоֱֱȥ·ҪսԿĸоױǵƭġ
Ҳ̽ΣҲǽҰɣǡһ˽սͳ˧ĺȺ˼սԶŪһЩʵʵ൱ǿҪǣѣ峤³Ȼ˵ôһɰ
лԵͷ˿ɿʵȷ൱ǿġ
ˣҲҪʱѺڼ˼ûǲҪڷģսֻҵĽǣҪԹ֡л˵
ܹǿƾҲܸ繹һ𺦵ģл뷨
峤³Цлٴֹۡ
Ļճڣһգ˼˻ȻӶϷ޾Ļȥ
һ


1523  Դףֻطһ
һ壬һ壡
˳ض˼Σʱ̣˼ٷ֮ʮŵŵ˶֪Σ˾ѾԳװѱµˣǾͱ˷ѵĿ£Ȼ˼Ļᱻпܵ顣
һ˻˼İ˼綼ʱ̡
˭ǵħ̣ҲҪڷǰ˱ã˳غ˼ܷ񱣴档
˻
һ˻
֮ϣƶ޾Ʋʿٵţ·ĳصڴ߶ǵĶ׷׵Զ붫ķ
֪ж
лǿεģֻԼ͸ֵĴģӦǸ߿֮ϣղһĻ𺳡
˻˻ŶԵرĿ
һ巢ͻ谭عر̬
ޱȫ
ಡ
ģһȫ֮лҲ˾޴ı仯ǵĽ£һĻǶðǵ㣬ңԶĶȥ趼еһ˿仯
۾漴һźɫĻϵȼţһɫĻ壬ңԶĶȥ
˼飡лԾĵ
Ҫ˵һЩȥ󣬿⣬ܹ𼶱ҹҲȥǾ̫ˡ
սʣҹ𼶱
һ¾ҲûǸ͵ġ
һҪҪǼبһµˡ峤³пĵ
ʲôлʵ
峤³ֻط𣡡
лͷһҲоɫ𶯣ֻطǿǹһָϴڣ˵ֻط𣬱ܹƿؼĻ档
ҲѹҹҲȥ
ңԶлܹĸɫ𶼷׷׵궯˷۹ȥ֮࣬һ֣Ǿζţ˼绹δأڱֻطȫˡ
䡭
һ߿մ
·ңԶʱյ޾ѹ͸һŨϢͬˮϳһ㣬ӿȵĹ
л۱亮⡣
峤³ںܾǰѾʼﻮˣ屻ӡҲΪֻԶԣһΪ⣬Ǿԡֻѡѹһ;֪˴ηһܷɹ
лǹȥһ˿Ц⣬һ˾ٶȻ¾㱸ҪΡ
һֱɣ·һԡֻ壬絣ɱ˼֮󣬷һ˼»ֵģжϣ˷ԷһƣԲ򵥡峤³Էһǲôã˵һΪ׼ôãʧܵĿԸ󡣡
峤Ϊл
峤³ЩֵֿƶϳĽ缫һһԽʮսʵĴڣ̻лЩʱ޵ǿߵǰĴڣô˼ͨԵķҲȫƾƾմһͨͨĴ򴩡
סˡ
лͷһȻԶϿյ涯ͨһµԿƶ꣬޷ʱڿܹͨͨ˫󣬽ת޵˼磬µַɱһ壬˱һãҵٶȴͨؼĿռ꣬Ҳɱ˷һ壡
峤³ɫء
лҲʶΣ
˵ĻΣˣΪٵʱ̣
ĻΣˡ
Ҳδأ˼صҲ峤³ĿǴ󺣣·ƽĴ·ʲô
лԺð֡
˼صڣ
һ¿ͨ⣬¶һ̣Ϊؼ
˻
һ˻쳹
лҲо𶯣ױȵķ
ңԶʣ˼Ļ棬۳һ֪мףǼʮ׳ĳˣبؼ䣬潫˼綼濾һƬȣǿеնμ׾ˡ
˻
һ˻
ڶһ޾ķ˻ֱǻ۵ķϣʹǻ˺һӳ޵
ˣ
ǿ峤³󿴵һĻҲ̲סһҺɬĵһҪƴˣ
ƴлоԼ֪ʶѷʱ䣬Ҫýɫ֪һж˵С
ע׷˵Ƿ֮ν֮Ҳ֪ʲôֻ֪һԡŽܵϵ˷һ彫֮׷֮ڣǾҪǰҪһζԾʧܣһ彫ʧڣǳɹôһ岻ܹܹû൱̶ȵĴܹ̽Ĵʵ˵һá峤³˵
лĵĵһ̽鰡
巽³пĵһ壬һĳƺܰ׵ģѪģһˣΪԼΪ˼磬ֻϧǵʵ̫ԶֵģȻȻȫ
лҲĮȻˡ
ʵڸ֮ʣսʣʲôãȥֻܵڻҡ
ֻĬĬף
˵õ֮Ƿ˾䣬ķ˸һ㣬ɢǿҵϢؼ䡣
˻
һ˻׷˵˼硣
ӿɽ𶯣ҡ
𣡡
һҲ֮ңԶʴϵۣһ޴ΣҲʮ׸ߣվգͬһ޵ңԶĵطϣǾҲɢۻǵõңԶ֧֡
һ𣡡˿ڷԸ˼磬˶һ
˻
һ˻ȻңԶɽ
ͷ׵Ĺâ
Ǳл־ѵʷյգֱۣ֮ȻŴ󣬿Ϣӿһ䣬ձҪ֮ᣡ
ŭĺУʷֱӳǻڡ
䣡
޴ĺС
ʷ˺ͻڣ̼䣬ǻ˻ʷ˵ӣҼٵĹ⻪ɱ䣬һµɫֳɫȻﵽ˾ɫĳ̶ȡ
˾Ųʷѹ
˻
Ųʻһ˻һŲʹ㻯޼᲻ݵȥǾ˶ȥ
ǿľ˱ͬȭ
䡭
֮Уը
Ĺغ˼ĵһսʹĻ


1524  Դףֻط𡾶
˼ĵһսʼͻأ˶Щֲֻܵһ͡
һսĳɰ䲻˵غ˼ȴҲǶ˼ʿĴΪһľһ˵̫Ҫˣһһ壬ô˼磬һʿս
л޲óȥɱ
ʵ̫ȥս
ʱ䣬Ҫľʱ䣬Ψ㹻ʱ䣬ܹܵʵǰ׳Լ
ȱٵǡǡʱ䡣
ħݣ谭ؽĹһ˼硣
ĺϣ쳹˼硣
һʱ䣬֮ϣ죬ϯ죬Хڣ·ĩһ㣬籩ңԶʵݻһС
Ųʷ߷ɣһδεĹ
Ǵľ˸ǿ𲻶ϣϵĻȭѣ俪һ谭Ųʷ˱ԴڣǴбɱŲʻˣķ֮ͷʶһȭǿһȭȭȭһء
˻
Ȼһ˻ӾŲʻ˿д
ֻǾŲʻſ˫ȫһܵףǴؼȡ޾׷Ļ۹ȥ
ף
Ƿһķ˵ʮֻأ׵
ˢ
һ׻ƳȦŲʻ˻ʹþŲʻ˺ͼһģЯŻص

֪һĻ֣Ǿ˷춯ĿЦ
űңԶʣһֱھϣŷ·һǿߵ꽵ھڣƿ߾˵ϡ
ףҽҪףˡǾЦȡף壬ҽ¶˼ռ꣬ʱܹͨΪҽȡδϰҪһ
Цеľ̽һץ
Ҫȡס
˶̼̽䣬ͿңԶʸһɽذĳƣͼڰķˣҪơ
Ųʻ˻
һױȥ
ݣ
׷䣬˼綼ҵĲ·ܹһƵأ̫ˡ
ӡǾ˴ȵ˶Ʊһ޴ıƿתϼƿ£Ƿס
ˢ
ԭףƥġ
û뵽ؼʱ̣ȻƿӰĴڸС

Ųʻ˷ŭ˻ǿױҪƿڵķףǷֻǲһ£Ȼûбѿ
Ҫ׷˼ˣӡרΪԸģ˵ֻǽ߱˲־Ųʷ˵ĳɾ;ŲʷˣҲûطסǾЦڸһʱˡ
һ䣬һȭصҳȥ
أ
һȭε˼޲󺣶ˣǿʹǾŲʻĴɽ
ã
л峤³ͬĵ
ǿ˾Ųʻ˵ı
ܹܣҪδͻ޷ƣֻһֿܣǱ޷ֿ
䣡
ŲʻǿжԿ
һ죬棬Ƿ׹ɵԲȦ𣬾ŲʻҲ֮ʰ뿪ʷ˵󺣣ǻҲ˱ļ̺ŵķ֮ҲΣͷ
ɣӴ޷壡ͷ
̽Ҫ׷һ֮
һ֣һ̻𣬲ڡ
̽ͷӵĿɨ˼һۣ޼ɵò˼ľٶĲܶ˶Ƿŭѣȴܣʵ̫ǿˡ
𣡡
Σͷһ޺Ƴš
Ǵ½һʮ׵ĸɽۣ֮һӴӰһױȵ
ž
ͷһģ㱻飬ޣҪĻˣԶٸһǧʱ䣬ʸмһУڵ㣬̫Զˡ
˵䣬Ƽ̺ŷ֮Ļˡ
䣡
һ졣
ңԶĶĺˮתһ޷ݵľ춯صӺˮ·񱩵ĳɱ
أ
ǿᣬһ±㽫ͷıʮء
ǲ𣿡ͷȡ
Σͷų˼صڣڳˣ
ڣϵĴûлӦֻǼһһӱ㽫Ƿ֮ڵĻ˸Ѹٵۣ̼۳һȼŵķ˱Դס
˻
˵ʷ˶Ȼ߷ɣһײǷ˱Դ档
ݣ
ǣ˼һȫǷ˱Դ׻һţᴩ·̣Ϻķ
ͷ״ɵñŭ壬ǻ뷴𣿾Щ϶±ɣҲǣ
䣬һȭ
һ޴ȭӰϺ
ݣ
Ϻ򿴲ӰȴһһⱬֱǷ˱Դ档
Ȼлȴжϵóͷųķһ㱾Դ֮
㱾Դ֮ķ˱Դ׶Ȼı䷽ǣͷȻҲת˷򣬽׷ᡣ
ҿ
Ƿ˱Դ׷֮˶˾
Ϊķڵ졣
һĸоڳ

·ܵǣһ㣬лδγ񵶾ȻطԶĵʴԼһĸ߶ȡ
⻹㣬лֵڽеҲʼ˲
öۻĽɫҲٵͷųעлڣһ˲۷塣
ſңɷ˱ԴףͷնɱɫлԺ
лͷһɣſҡ
ҲȽȽı֣˶ˣǵϵҲľﻹвʶлˡ
һգ̱ʶݡ
лʣоԼԳٶȿ쭣̼䣬㳬Խﵽʮսʵĸ߶ȡ
ƿط˱Դףԣ߻ɽףնɱͷҽͷشɫ˵
лһǿͷ
ͷѾǳжϵζԿ
أ
֮ʣǷ˱Դױһײлڣһﵽһ޷ݵĸ߶ȣжǿл޷жϣֻǸоȫܹһȭɽ
ֱǻص
ȴûʱȥᣬΪͷ׷ٶġ
ʮľ룬ʮƵĸ־͸о٣ǿĲ֪ߵ峤³ҲȻ֮ɫͬûһ˿ĸоԲֿͷ
ž

ǽеδɽױл壬֮ϣȭͷһȭ
һȭҲǺȻ
ȻѾƵϣлҲûκ·߶ȫԿҲ̼ͬܵһģͣ񵶵һγʣȻƲɵˡ


1525  Դףֻط
лյжǿ
лԼжϣֻԼоٱɣһȼʮǿǿ磬ҲŲʵǵľ룬ֻҪʱ㹻ϣʵǸ߷ģȻǰܹš
ڱȡĻᡣ
˷֣ͷҲܷŹġ
лĿҲˡ
Ҫ۷ģѵʲô˲ɣͷΣ޵ǿȻңҲɱģлĿɢ˵ʾһ䡣
ȭ
лһȣҵĶǿֲͬһȭͷ֮ϣǿֲĽеϣһ
޾ĻϢػȥ
أ
ȭ
ױȵײ֮У·һƬضױˣΰ׸ߵĺˣᴩأ춼򱱷Ƴȥ׵ľ룬ֳƺԲǧڶΪһƬ磬عһ㡣
ͷΣɵôŭ
Ϊǵõ˱ԴҲԿһȭģϾʷںУοһࡣ
ȴ֪л߻иΪϵĴڣɫҲԽĵزȻǸӵĿֲǷŷ˳ܱġ
һǹƾճͷС
ǳǹ·ǹһ㣬һҡ֮ղǳҡҡ׹ǹңָָл޼᲻ݵᴩޣԴݿ̬ȥ
е»ع鵤ڡ
վûɽףȻĻԶԶֹڴˡ
񵶳ʣлȵ
лþ̵԰ζֺԴлõɿֲеϵص˷лһ£ķ񵶱Զʡ

쳹˼硣
֮з·һ԰绮Զ߿գлһץ
أ
񵶱ץС
һͨ͸صķâ֮ϱ
綼ڲıҲ׷׵Ĳ·ǵڳһ㡣
л񵶣ʱһؾգһжնɱĺ׳־֣еĸоǿҡ
𣡡
ѪҺڵ̲ס׷һХء
õ
ͷҲĶˣܹϴڶҪĶ֪
ĶͷһǹȥǧǾӲǳ֮ǹ棬ƺƵģԺɨ̴ͣ˻ĵ̬٣;ףĿռѣת¡

ͷҰһһжڱıԵ
лĿ֮۵ͷѪҺˣ˶ǿս⣬Լ
䶫ˮ
Ĵ󶷼ں϶ɵ϶лĺˣǿĶ
һӶ쵶裬ݺķ궯Ǵˣϯϡ
⵶굶׷Ϊһ塣
֮ϣһ񵶣˿ѷɫǿֲǹǿ̬صӭȥ
䣡
¡ǹײǧ⣬սֲǹ
һС
ǹҡ΢΢󳷡
ĵȴٶȾٶȺǵȭİ֮ͬˮϳĳ
أ
εĺ
ǹӲǱĽڽڰˣǹһЩѺۣˢһ±ͷջȥ
лһ̤ٶȿ
ڣغһ
ƶն
лĵڶֶҲ֮񵶸߾ٹͷֱʣҡأ޾񱩵ӿ
ն
һ춯أ޴ĵߵǬһʱ䷨򣬿ռ壬ϵ̬ͷɱȥ
ǧصĵӣˮӿ𵴵Ĵ󺣷ĺХâǰѹȹȥҪһƬ硣
ͷҲʾٶȾǹ
ǹգ˲Ϣ
ǹڶν档
ǡ
񵶵ϲַ˴ǱΪ˵𶯵˼ǿ߶Ѫӿ·һ㡣
ֲ
ҫ۵Ĺ⻪ǧ
УǾͿǹֵѺۣȻбѵļԭڿһϣ
񵶸ʤǹ
ӡ
лֲһͷǶŭˣǹѣһ㣬ŭŲʻ˵һ
һ޴ƣɸǸɽƴɵĻϢŻص
ӡΣĶѾˣϼһ˼統ĶǺεɣлЦ
лĴ
ƾڵܹͷս·ģû˷ŵּɵͽţ޼ɵķӣԼȫʵӳҪͷ˼磬ΪԼĿ˼ӸʹĴۡ
֪СҪȡ꣬ǧ꣬ͷҲǴŭлƳ˷ŭ
ӡ磡
ϴӡ¡
лͷںڵҷ裬ϹŲõЦݣ΢΢Ĳ̼䣬ܸӰ
һϿգ
Ӱ˷ֳʣʥʥȵͳͳֳ
Ǹݣ
񵶾
ضڲ
ӰͳͳĻع֮ڣлǴսһ㣬Ӷնȥ
ˢ
һ׸ɽ̮ĿֲҲ֮лһն飬籩ϯϵĵһ·쭣ֱͷıԴ
ͷһ䱳һƬ
·ͨܿ͸˼һսǶлһˣ̫ǿˣֱױȡ
ӡֶܹģȻ˸ɴն飬κζ޷ġ
ͷۼڴˣҲǳԾ֮࣬ǹǰֵǿֲĵ⡣
أ
ǿĵǹ
Ȼ˵⣬ǲĿֲǹķȥصͷ֮ϣʹҽ
Ǿ޴̱
˾۶ɵģһ̾ͻɢҲŶԷһ׵ı
һӰγɣ䱳һ޴ͨǿʱ򿪵ʱͨҪӻȥ
ߣûôף˼˵˵߾ߵģлȵٶȾ
޶Ϊںϳ䶫ˮƶն֮ŭĴ϶
һ
лǿӰԼʱͨ׺ݵն


1526  ʸ֮ġһ
Ĵ϶óһ綷Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ޶ΪΣ
лȻǶӵߣֶԼģȴδ˷ʩչսʵɨ߽ս۷弶Ҫ缶ҲҪ˷ģԵͷ
ܹǿʱٳһʱͨͷǶѾ֣Ϊ˵ͷǣҲҪֽջȥʶлκαǿƺɱȥҪһõʹ
𣡡
һƿգ쾪ض
߿֮ϣ˾ͿһıվҡǶ׹޾ոһɵĻϢ·һ޴Ŀռ併һ㣬ֱͷ
ãǳԽͨ۷
õʱͨ󷽴޾ľ
𣡡
һ˻أͷоΣȫ׵ĵز񱩵ĳ
޾׺ݵĳɱȥ
أ
ײ
ǿֲһǰͷһȻֻǷһƬ˻ٴ֤ʱͨһľ
ˣˣˣˣ
𶯴
ʱͨ·̼ܵһģѸٵͿֵӰͷϡ
˱ͷͬʱ
ͬʱ֡
ӡ
ͷͬʱһֶΣ޴໥ӣһƣѹһУػлһ֮
䣡
ͷһֱӺлǿֲһ
ͬģʱͨ־ҵҡΣҳѺۣǰһʱͨǰصĻͬΣգһ֮󣬼ΪҪصġ
ɽľٶл˼˵ıС
ȡ񵶣ͷУվмһ˴ȵ֣֣նϹʥµ÷ӡ
˻磬˼˶ˡ
лƿص񵶾ȻŴ÷ӡ񵶵жôǿᡣ
ˢ
ͷٶȳ֣һ޴Ƹ磬ѹǹ˽ӽһķΧ͸ŷʱͨٱʱ̣Ȼϧһд۳ʹ񵶵ջֱĿ⣬һ̣ͷɱħɱħǶҪȡ񵶡
ǶԣǷ罵˼ƺ񵶵ϡ
ϧԽǧľ룬ðΣգҲҪᡣ
ͷһǺεȵлʱ򣬾о޷ˡ
ڳٶ̫죬Ĵ󶷼ںϵĻᶼûС
ۿһֻЯ޾ɱ
ȻлڽҲֻܱâ޷ֿҪѡȴãԽռ䣬ǳ޷㿪Ƶ׷
¡¡
лΣʱ̣һʱһ紫·һ㣬ʱͨ˼ٵıѡ
ϿֲƺʱͨһͷŰ
˻ʣһ
ͷеһλŭ̳ˣ³ɱʱͨڣ֮ڡ
һ˻ʡ˼硣
ҳ˻ߣڣΨ˼Ϲ˻һˣ޵У磬˵ħϴڣԴһս֮󣬱ʧ٣֪ȥ򣬲Ȼ磡
˭񹬣
һͷһͷҲŭĿȻƲ¶л׷ɱͬһⷵʱͨڡ
ͷʹǴӡѸٵ
Ҳ㣬ʱͨȻѸٱļЩطƺѾѣٲߣͷؽ˼磬ôǵҲвܹǿĴڣǵǿ¸ǣݻǵǲأġ
֮£ͷŭһȻл׷ɱͬʱתʱͨڡ
ͷǿпٵʱͨܵĿռ䷨Ƶģǵ޷ǰǵҲ෢Ӳ߳ɣҪܵ˼ƣʶΨ٣ſܸıһеġ
СӣҼˣȵͷͷͷĿлһۡ
лңָгһգҶЯɱ磬ɱͷ
ʱͨڴһŭߡ
˼𶯵ʱ֮ͨ
˻
˻ٶڶ
ķӰͶʣʤĻһ⵽ӡѹʮ꣬ڰعر
˻лϵķ˱ԴҲѸٵʧ
Ƿ˱Դ߿գһķӰлͷ֮ѿ˼طȥ
һҹС
𼶵ҹع飬ǷһϲĻҹʼˣɽ׶νˣ
ܹ˱Դϣκλ棬ͼĻ澫ܳɾĴڣ˱ԴǿǻĴڡ
ͷϾĴڣȻ·˱Դף伶𵽵жôĿֲ
˿̷ɵ˼һлͳͳع顣
ȷŶһ̫࣬ô˻𼶱ˣ̫ͨɱΪˣֻΪ˱Դס
Ƿ˱Դ׻ع鳣̬һлعˣ߻ع֮ǰڵ֮أǷ˱ԴĴҲʼͷųһֱһڣǷ֮ĸ
Դ׻㡣
һֱңԶϺȻǻع̵Уֻǲ֪һ㱾ԴǷҲ˾޴ı仯
һ׻عһǿķڣʮֻأΨܹӵбԴס
һɢ֮еĺȻһë
ֻط
ë˸žŲʹ⻪˼յĳΪŲʹ⻪ת硣
ݣ
леڵĽɫҲѸٵţ»عɫڣҲѿö֮ڡ
Ǻö۱ա
˸öֻطңӦ
ž꣡
ֻطȻѿ
˵עУֻطŵɫвͬ׷׵öۣͳͳС
öӿΪ˵
ли̾Լ̫͹ɫˣǽɫ̺ŵʹﵽ˷ǳֲĵزֱƺɫĿҪܹʹýɫ̺ŵϿֲ
õֻطöɢĿĽɫ⻪һʱԪ·̼ܵһ㣬ͳͳӿ뵽
л裬³˼㿪ʼ
˻ᣬֻһ˲䶼ܴġ
ѵãȫ
ϧʱ䲻ãֻǲӵʱ䣬ԪһԶöڣҲлС
л͸оǾңԶ޷˵ģ⸽ˣ˵ĿⶼˢˢĶ
УΪʸ֮ġ


1527  ʸ֮ġ
ֻطöɫɣ˭֪ǽɫ۵ã϶ڷŶлսͷṩױȵİǷǿֲԪлԣɵԪȻٿһﵽսı֮ĸ߶ȣս۷弶ֻһ֮ңҲǸѾע⣬Ҫ˵Խɫû뷨Ȼǲܵġ
о񵶡
ܹͷΪ֮ĶϧðΣᣬѾõ֤ʣ񵶣˭Ըأ
л͵Ҳǲˡ
񵶣ǽɫۣѾΪ˼Ĵڣبǿ񱦡
˵ˣǵЩʵ̨˶¶̰֮ɫοˡ
Ҫ鷳ˡлЦ
Ȼȷһ壬ҲǴսͷǣɽȴ˵̰ԣ˭ҪȡеȻκ˵뷨УһͷǾǵõɫٶȣõ񵶣սгһգƾͷ⣬Ϊڣ˭Ҫ
ȷˡ峤³ңһ˲䣬һ˿̰뷨Ҫȡ
лøд
ͬģʥǵ峤³ˣأûеֿˣ̰Ա¶֮ĸǿ
ԭлãͷ˼Σһֱģڿ½ǡǡ෴ˣΪѬ£൱һ˷ӷģΪԼ棬һеġ
ȻҲȻ˿̰Եġ
οǺ˲ǳлѾԶʣڻָٴΰγ񵶵ġ
Ҳδؼá峤³
лô
峤³˼˿ڰ֮࣬ж񵶺뷨ǲ֮࣬ʸģӦòᳬˣ٣֮ʵڷʥǵֵĲ࣬ȴҲ٣ؽٶʱ̿ĵزڲϵɱгɳĳɳżġ
ǵǣɰ˽սѾأŽսòҲأʱֻķݣȻбɱĿܡл
ɱҲûһ˼磬ǱȻᾡܵһǿĴڲУȻ޷翹⣬Ծ㲻ΣƷһҲ֣ϵѹġ峤³Ҳ²ⲻͬ˵ӦòУͻͬڣǳɾϴڣǳ׵ҪĸˣʥǶİٴˣҲҪ̫ȥʥˣ˵ʥʵǿǸҪʥǣҲ⵽һ赲ġ
лԣͷ
Ҳףڿʼǻع鵽ո뿪ǵӣһд㿪ʼֻԼ
ΨǲϵɱУܾǿԼͻƾ磬ҲҪΨһ취ΪѾͷصչˣҪ񵶺ͳҲ
ͷҪҪֻƴɱһѪ·
䣬·ص˵δõɫ񵤵ӣ޷ʱ׳־䣬ȻӲ䡣
ľ˶־峤³Ǹ̾ѡ
ٷ³ʣл˵ܽǰͷ϶Ѿˡ
ͷʮսʵ̫̫ˡ
лȴӾ˵Ķ־䣡
ڿʼҪ˯κҶмȡģҪΪ赲׼ƾҵĸоʮ꣬꣬綨Ȼ֣Ӧʹʱ򡣡ɫлԺ
ҲҪ뿪Լˡ
ло˸ѹ
ɫһֱƲôԵУʵڳɾͣɫһаڶ
ɫҪ˯ֻԼˡ
ɫٶԣ˳˯С
л뵽а顣
ƶϣа߽սʣӦѾˣлͨںа顣
ȴǺ޷Ӧ
лдΪ⣬㴩ԽͨаĺУ̶аһ˼롣
Ǳս־ǻа飬ȻҲһѡУΪδԿ
ֻǲͬǣаΪǻԣģ걾⣬ʶһа˱Դ֮Ǹһֻط˿̵аȻžŽսʼҾǷһ֧ĿһҪʮս۷弶ġ
Ķа䣬л֣а龹Ȼ߱ĳǻۣϵõ䣬Ȼ\Ԩյ\ԨʥŮ֪
л״ֻ˳
ΪɵõаڿֻԼˡ
Ҳ޷ˡ
леԼƻع鵽ո뿪ǵĸоʥǵҪ·һҲӦĶƣпĿ飬ܼǿǱܵǰﵽ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ðɣȻҪսǾɣл֮ˣл񷣬ͷǣ񵶣̤ףժȡǵԴ
ҪҪͻƣ
лĳ֣⵺ʥȻľ;£һоеõս˵³ˡ
лսҲ൱Ϥġ
˵ĿУлҲ֪ǰʥڽУҽֵķǳ⣬Ǹոտսʼ㼴̽н˫ͬʱлѯʱ䣬жϵóӦʽйһ嶼˾޴Ӱ졣
л뿪ģĽפء
ΪҹףֵõԪȻҪһζʱıչأʱҲҪлǰȥ壬Ҫʥǣһǿʥ֣ʥҲʱԼ
ڵͷͷܹѹ˼ģ뵽Ļܹз˵
ܵ˼Ҫ
лȻᷴԡ
֮ء
ոտսʵȻﵽս֮ս۷弶ȻҲֻһ֮ң
ȷ׼塣
ոշ죬ͱһȺ˸Χ
ʥʲô峤³ϵΪ֮ˣɫĶԴŭȵ
лһüͷ
Ȼʥ塣
˵ĻôǰʩչֶΣӡİ˴ǿѾĸˣŽ壬壬壬ðһʥ塣
ʥ壬ЩƣЩͬΪʥ岻ľÿһͻһһʥֶΡ
һǳ塣
³㲻ҪţҴҪƴδʤǱΪʥ峤ЦǺǵ˵һǰĻġ
峤³üȻǴǰĻΪҪٶΧǣǺ⣡
Ȼлеϵˡָһ㣬һ˱Դָ֮棬ǷҪ͸ǵģǵһԾŷǳ緽׼ҪǰϹһѵϹǿߣ۶򡣡


1528  ʸ֮ġ
ڷһлû⡣
˼ı˲֪ʱ䣬һ˼ҪĿ꣬Կ϶Էһ׼ڽǽѵһָˣǻҪ൱ʱܹһ峹׵ĻָɣΪ˼ֿ֡
ಣ
ʥ峤һһ˱Դ֮峤³ָ⣬ԾţɢŲ
һ磬󸴻
峤³ȻǼѣӵǿµģЩΪǳڣʵ̬İǴ޷ĵز
ǲǹҵˡл߳
ʥ峤ЦлҪǣ񵶡̫ջˣʥҲЩ뷨ˡ
峤³ŭȵ
ڰֹ֣ŭķ³ʥ峤Ҫŭ㱳񽣣ȻлǰγģʥǵأҲ֣ʵ൱Ҳûʲô˼ǴλᣬҲܲģҾ˭õʥֻһΣɳ֣лܹôӴԺʥл鷳˽һʤĻ
񵶣˫ַͣлȻ
ҪӶ񵶣۵ˣ϶µʥǲȡ͵ķʽıȡ񵶺ۡ
峤³ֹѾˡ
Ͳɰ˽ս㽻֣ʥ峤Цеĵ
лĵҪԶ𣿡
ʥ峤һ£漴ЦããȻһۿʥУֻһǰ˽սʣȷֻʥŤͷһʮӣغ飬
ǣ
һʥ̤վڴ֮ϡ
峤³湻ģ
֣Ӧ˵ҹŶԣûԶ֣Ȼʥ̬ˡʥ峤ĵ˵ڰ˽սʳߣȽ⣬֮࣬ҲһˣɱϾѾˣҹл߽սʻ൱һξ룬ôһ޽ӽ˽սʵˣ򲻹Щ˽սһ鷳ɱ񵶺ۡ
лֹ˽սʲûȫء
Ȼ֮࣬츳ߣడѾͬʥˡ
峤赣ģ˽սʣеս߽սʣһûл˵
ֻսܹ֮ɱ߽ս۷弶ǿߣأսı߽֮ս
Ȼÿ˶ͬ˷߱еܹս֮ѩ֮ĶʶԹв
غ飬Ϊʥδ˽սʣɲҪñ峤ʧŶ˼ҿǿءʥ峤Цеĵ
ǹ⼤ŭغ顣
ߣغһĿĶллȶ֣߹ʮУұ䣡
лȻһЦãȶ֣׼ˣ
غְɣ

лûнֶͷųڲﵽ۷壬ͬʱתʽƷ硣
Ҫˡлغ飬ص
һ䣬غ鲻ͷĿڣлһΣ˵УƾʧӰ١
ȴ裬һ
վǸոմӷӡ߳лЩ˵Ҳֻǵ˵û֤ƷĪ⣬Ψܹҵƽⷽ˵Ĵţ޷ҵƽ֮
оغϱҪҪ㿪лĹԱܹ֤Լİȫոһ͸еһ
أ
Ĳӱץסˡ
лץסغĲӣҪ𣿡
ֻҪ΢غεʵȻϲӶġ
һ£ʥ˳ԾҲһڲ֪лǿᡣ
𾪣лȴû˿˷ܡ
ȡɣ
׼ʥ֪֮Ʒ֪ĻôҪƽǼ򵥣һʱձԣҪԸ߽ս۷弶ˣȴûĵز
ˡغɬĵ
ŻҪл߲ʮУɺãԼ˼ж߲һУֱǳ谡
峤³ٺЦ֣ʲô˵ġ
ʥ峤ҲЩ⣬Цҡҡͷ˵лһδ֮ˣǳԿǼ֮ƽҲѣڿˣҿǲܡ
㻹峤³
һεĻţܹʤҲҪغսٻغϣס
л峤˵ûҿɱ֤ʤң
ǿԵͷҲգʥ䣬ӴԺʥԲٶлٵ񵶺뷨㱣סȥ廹ǻġ

лЦҪҵ񵶺ۣҲҪǵԴӲ
ǺõģһҲζŻϹų˯ǿѣ˼ȻûʲôԽʮսʵģʮսʵһƵ򸴻ĲҲΪʸ֮ģܷʼձס񵶺ۣδ֪ʥ峤Цһҵиˣлǰ·ԸԸ
ЦУʥ򶫺ȥ
ĿʥȥҴңлоǰ·鲼
񵶺۵ջκһ˵Ƿǳģʣ˭δ߱ͷܹػԼ˲˵˼磬
峤ȥɡл
峤³Ҳ֪лҪٵԼȥκ˶ܰﵽٶȿܼʥֵʱΣأʶֻܿԼҲֻгɹһ·һʧܣζʥǾп˶߽⡣
һжʾΣذ
³˽սʼǿߣһ˱Դ֮ǰȥ󣬷³лһǰ塣
֮˿죬ǷһҪټеǰĴǿǰȥǾζţʥغ֮⣬оѵϹǿߣӡϹ壬ҪҲ⣬ʶҪǰȥ֮ǰʥǵĺϵ
Ǳȫٸ·
λк
˼ĺ򻮷ǶϱУνк˵ˣ´½ϷΪⷽغ̫󣬱֮򶼴࣬ʶΪкϺʥʥ׵Ƶӥȵȶкġ
кǳӴ
ʹھʥǧһأٶںϵ˵סĵطǽأˮԲһǧ֮ڣǺɫģųƺˮеģˮ쳣гɵ˽룬Ҳһֱɽѹĸо˺ǰڡ
֮лפڡ
յлͿ벻ˡ


1529  仯
ڣŮǸԴŲͬ壬벻ȥǵ⣬С
ŮӷǱˣѾһδ֣ıʿ棡
аʥأһĵһǿߡҶ
˵Уڱĵл⣬ҶǰѵҲҪǽ˲ɣ
ǾЦˡ
ԭܼ򵥣аʥظᱻһ·Ул峤³е֪ܣڵģ
лʶҪǿԡ
ǿ󣬾Գ󸴻֮󣬸ı̬Ժʥǣǣ֣⣬Կ𵽽ֵãǵ˵ıֵ̬֧ļ嶼Ҫѷɫġ
Ƚ϶ԣҪѷɫܶࡣ
Ϊܹ͹ŽϹŵһǿĴڣֱǳ̬壬ƾһʵǺʥǿ⣬лƣҲֻܸʰ·磬Ĳһǿ
аʥֵǶöɾּ佫Ϊƽصġ
ƫƫҶˡ
־ңô£峤³󿴵˵ŵ߽սǣЩС
峤־Цֻǹƽˡ
ʲô˼ƽѵаʥҲʸ񣿡峤³
аʥصһʥصȷУʥ˵ĻǾˡ峤־ҵĵ
ʥˣ
лüëһɨҶͿҶ΢Ц΢΢һͷһĵӡ
֮ǰʥһӶԴѹʥǣǺ֣лһ֣ʥأɽǱƿأʥʵֻʣĴʥأǸΪڶϣĵʥǵʵѸ׳֮ϣʹʥʵԽԽӣǾȻѡˡ
лԣǺ¡
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ôԺķչʥ˱ȻӵںϣʱɽĴڣлƷʥҲɵغܣʥֻһͷЭˣϾǻҪ͸ͻһ鷳顣
л֣þòǰЩӣĿսͷǳ찡ҿĽءҶ
лȻһЦҲǶźܴȤɡ
л˵ûҶ֪֮ڵҿûʸսҶЦ
̹ϣле⡣
߰ҶѾͷ­ԽˣͱҶĳ졣
Ҷ̫ǫˡл
ʵʵ˵˵߽սʣĽսʶһָңοлնɱ߽սݽĸ֡Ҷƽ˵ûɲʥûлᣬʥ֣Ѿ飬ѡʥصŮ츳ߣͬӦδ֣ǿʥ˵Ӣл֣Ȼһġ
лЦҺڴ
Ҷл֮ǰлӦȹ֣죬䶯һඣҿ˵˶õϹŴУѾΪһΪԼĶ壬Ϊͻͽÿ춼УǴﵽ˾˵ľ磬лִȥĽ壬ǻлһϲء
ڣ
ΪԼ壬ȷ䶯֣ϱǰеһ
лﷺһ˿ɱɱˣȡУ
лֲҪǵĴи߰ɡ֣ϼҵıЦе˹һ͵л뷨
лһЦıʿҾȥ룬ҲԵְοڿˣнĽǹؼ
ҶԣĽ޹أֻ¡Ц
Ŷʲô£л
һ£֧֣𾫹⣬ĶлڶĽ壬Ӷлֵ񵶺ۣ

лԣЦ
Цˣŵôл־˵ǿԣ
ǡǡ෴лű棬ҲҪ㣬һΣһҵжΪļƻʧܣζš
ҲڴлɣΪ˼һսء沢Ϊ⣬ЦǺǵ˵
ӴЦ
̸Ц㶼֮£ȴ̹Ȼ̬֮˶Ǹпѣ˼ΣһɳҲѸٵ˳֮⡣
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ֱ
峤־ҵλ⣬ҶףҲϻڷһУ̣֮ԣҪҪƶһϷ򡣡
峤뽲Ҷ
ܼ򵥣ˮڣѹһΪīף峤־һˣ˵īףɣҴͻƱԵ̫ǿǰǿʩչϴֶΣúˮѹѹʲôط֪λ˭ȽīҵǺ
Ҷ峤īױҵĻǷԽȡ
峤־ҴЦȻƿīףܹ϶ǷΪʤߣҿҪλīɣȰ˾ŽսʵΪٶȽףʶжǿ֪ǿҪСģҪŲ𡣡
˶Ц
Ȼī׵Ŀ£ȻǶ׼
λԸѡһǰȥѰң֮ڣǶ޷ҵīףô£ֻԼѡˡ峤־ҵ
лһ˵ͷ
ѰȻӵ𼶱ҹӺʣǵõҹ𴫳УǴ崫ʥõ洫е裬ڻųѰ
ֻֻսʵľ磬лЩ⵽ִҶͱѡĸ֮Ҳͷˡ
ڴҪĿҵīףʶҶͱҪѡľģǴбΪһЩ⣬ϾˮԵģرˮ߽սʣ˷ѡģҲֻսʣֻս۷弶ӵսʼ˵ҲӦġ
ˮ
Ѱīס
Ȼ嶼ȷīױѹʲôطҪҵȻûô׵ģһʱת۱ȥˣ˶ûзء
ҹлԼ׽Ŀģ峤³ķ䡣
л٣ǲǻ峤³Ц
л峤Ӧøְɡ
峤³Цûס֮Ҿ֪϶顣һָǴڵңⷿһͨ԰뿪˵أھȥҺ־ʣʲô⡣
ԣл֪˰
峤³·ҵͨ˱С
ͨرŰ׵λãһң峤־ȴǡ


1530  Ľפ
л峤³־ҽüͷûɿƺʲôѣ޷
־ңǸʲô峤³棬ֱ⣬ȥһֱڿӣʵǶڵı֣лǸоó³ϸ緢Ʊǰĵ
峤־εĵҲû취
³üΪѵɲࡣ
һҲ˺ˮ庫־˵һлͷԵĻ
Ƿ³һ۷ŹĵģǺ°ˮǿӾͲԶˣ˵ܹŽ壬ֻҪʱ㹻ƾŽ嶼Ƕˡ
˻
лԣһ
Ž壬ǰһ壬ݹ˼ʷҲܹŽǰĳǿ壬۷ʱڣųܹʥһս·أǿ壬ᱻ˴ܣǶֲһĿܣҪ˵𣬳˼ֲһϣ
尴շ³˵Ȼлƾһ֮
ˮʲô˼
㰡㣬Ͳӣ֣ҹùôһˣôôӵı־ҵ
³һɣҪ༥
лŸͨˣ
ף
԰Ǳӡ壬ôͨ飬ԭӦǸ޷ģлͷһȻ׹Ǳһġ
֮ʵ˵ѪڣһҲΪЩѪռƣЩѪռƣŷֳ塣
лˣŷ֣ǴԼϢȻǰƣЩĲͬȴࡣ
ˮؽһɳ죬Ϲʱ彨ʱǺĦµģҲǸһ׳־˵ҲһΣΣ
ŶҸˡ³Ҳɫ
˳صӣлʺ峤ˮʲôΣ
峤־ҵл٣Ȼǰǲ㣬ĹϵԶô򵥣Ǳӡǡһ飬⵽ӡ֮ҲĽƣҪǣΪΣ֣ͨ飬ʵһ壬ֻǸݾеسصֿģЩ߱ģ͵´½ȥͨˡ
лʡ
ž־Ҽ˵Ϲһ壬ΪõһԺĦһζ飬ԱںĦ˵İ£壬Ѹ׳ʵϹʱµʾĦƺߵ˾ͷһִĺҲбļԾʩչֶΣˮ֮ʥºˮ򣬸һһɳĻᣬǱĺᣬɲ룬Ƿӡͨˮһ𱻷ӡֱʺˣ˴ηһ統ԺˮķӡҲнˣǸֳˡ
һɳĻᡣ
һܹǿһ御Žı仯
лˣ͸ðס
ǰץסǺˮ⣬Ҫһδɱʱ򣬾ܱţĳԣǷ棬嶼Σˡ־ҿЦ
лɻĵ
־ҡͷǣǺĦ˸ݱһı仯ҪһȵĻڼ˼ڲϵ
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л΢һ룬Ȼ־˵ı仯ﵽһŽĵزЩ󣬿һ仯ģǿѹŽ
Ҳ˵ʵں翹⣬Ƕżذģл۴ĸ潲ͬġ
ٵ˼⡣
ʥˣȺ֮ղŵԽѣ˵Ļ˼ʥǣǣʥ˺֣ķˡ
л¶һĨЦ⣬ˮûī׵Ĵڣ峤ĿУɶԣ
û־˫ĿлЩ仯ˡ
峤Ҫ˳л
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峤³Щˡ
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־Цҵһ˼лٶѾˡ
ҪȶȹΣڣͱùϵľ棬ܸ幹вʥǣǣ֣ʥˣǲ֪峤ʥδϵأл
壬壬ʵΪһ壬ֱ˴ˣȻ񽣱лٰγȻҲҪʥǵģ־˵
лã峤仰ʥǱѹǣȹΣ֮ǰǰԤʥ˺֣峤ѾӦ֮˰ɣҡڲأһ
־ҵȻһЦ򵥣Ѿͬʱõīף˱ʱ䣬һʱ䣬ҲǸԸȺġ
һͶˡлЦź־ңĵҺܲϲǣűߵĸо
־ԣһüתһ룬ȻǿڵľƣʥȻ￹ġ
ЩˬлҲǰЦ˵ɣ峤Ժ֣Ӵʥ˱ոմЭˣڲҪ׵ҲҪһЩʱ䣬һ˸ʥ˶һЩģˣȫˡ
ͻͻ
־Һͷ³üĶ˼£ǿлĿЩˡ
˶һ仰
Ǿлڰʾǣʥ˵һЩĲľ
ĵ͹лˡ־ҴЦ
лĵҲҪϳ˼磬ͬҲҪķһն
־Һͷ³һۣ֪лȻһ֣һС
磬˼ħ磿
һҲΨлԼ
̸ˣлҲûҪˣ־Ҳ׼֪ͨ裬ǰһ뿪פأǰ־ҽһֵī͸裬ҹõɽףɾɼѾǰ϶ˡ
Ҫ򣬹ʶлˣֱĽפء
˵ͷûйٵĻлѾ̸ףûȤȥĽפˡ
ͷͻԣȻһֱս˭Ҳѱ֤ûиĽʲô֧֣һĽõͷ֧֣һ֧֣ܸʥĽشġ
ʶлȫٸ·
֮ڵĽڵϺ϶˵һһ½פڣҲҵʥǵ
ʱ˿̵һЩֲ顣
һֱĽ壬Դͷֹһ֮󣬱һ֮ǰĲԣս顣


1531  ͷİæˡһ
лĹûô𶯣ƺԤ֮У֪лȻĽפأμһս㣬ȽˣǺ֣˸ĵĻлʥ
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ĵˣʮа˾ļɱԼȡأƽˮ֣й۲˵ķӦ
л֣ǰչͷұģ䶯ڴ˴лл֡䶯ǰģֻǸ˵ĸоӵĳˣַâ¶ȻִУҪãõĽŸı仯
лЦ̫ˡ
һЦ䶯ʵʵ˵лֵı֣ҿǼ̰ⱲӶˡ
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л˵Ц䶯
һۣЦڲС
˴˶ףǶ񵶺뷨ɱϾڻͬˣҪֽĽ壬˺Ƥ
˫֪Ľһ̣֮ìܱһ̡
ʥ˵Ҷ˵ʥ˾ĸ֣Զֵʱ̣лٵľ䶯֣졣
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ҲһĹŴﵽڵľ簡ںϴ֮󣬾ȻѸ͵Ǻš
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֮ܶлΣС
˻пܳԽ
л֣ǻȿһ½ĽɣĵĽˣ˵١֣͸ɴĺܶࡣ
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ҲûбҪڣ󳬼޵ǿߵĴУͻͽҪٴսлˣֻʱˡ
Ҹոոϵʲô鷳𣿡лʵ
֣Ȼ
лһ
Դνǹ޲ˣɱĽڽڰˣĽǰãҲ޷赲ǰĽŲڽĽѹסʱ򣬷һͷǵĲ֣ͷĵһʱ䣬ӦĽ״
ʱľǳ£ͷֻﵯһָƺҪȫ˶նҺʷȳʹòֹͣǵĹɻǴһĽ幬ڡ˵
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Щ߲ﶼۼһشڣܹʮ˶ӵʥǷרԲõģлȻǰ˿̼üһãʮˣȫǸͷͷԣһüͷ˼⡣
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лʲô£˵
˵Ľ幬ͻȻһǹһĹ㣬ɢû⣬˭֪Щ˵ϣȻӡǵĶѾ˱ӡ˶ʱͨˣǵ޷Щ㣬ܹ͸ǵ
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һȫ˳ȥ
ԶԶؾܿһȺ౻ѹˣѾ൱˱ӡ˶Ľ幬ŴĹ㲻ϵɢʮөһ㣬ģҪе
ˢ
սʼǿ߸һץʮУͷǹϳ壬ãһӶˣпܼž֮Ҳ޷ǴĵսʼҲʱѹġ
սʼǿ˵˶о˸Σ
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лһץңԶĵطʮ㣬ͬǣսӵǿЩս棬е߽⣬κεӰ죬ǶЩ˵ȴŷǳɱ
ݣ
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λվսΪһСֶξͺµҪ߰ɣĽ˹ǿ
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ֶһʱһƬ
ҪĽģСǻû䶯Ӧһ㣬𶯵Щɢӹ
ͺãǿɲҪʧŶ˹ǿ˴Ц
䶯Ц̤ƽĽ壬ͻʧģ
˹ǿ˲ֻǴӵĿɨһ䶯죬䶯죬˵⻰ֻᵱЦлһ㡣
ߣ䶯һ
лȻһЦҪǱͲгĹϵӵĽţȻҲţûнĽ֮ǰ䶯ҲΪôС¶㱬˫ĶԹġ
˹ǿĿתллɡ
ҡлĵ
ãܺãˡ˹ǿĿ侫⣬Ķлصǰһ仰ġ
лĵʲô
˹ǿЦ֮ǰĺܳɫصһ㶫ģϣ㲻ҪʧŶУ񵶺ۣһҪˣȻ͸Ľ壬ǾЦˣ


1532  ͷİæˡ
𣡡л淢ŭȷ쭵ľȻ֣죬ɾɵ϶ֻ˵˰䣬аû˵Ǿǡҵģ
棬ǹìܡ
˹ǿԣɵĴЦӵĿ·ˣҪĽפȫ𣡡

վ֣ߵһ߽ս۷弶ǿߵŭһ죬ֱ߿գȭ˹ǿ˺ȥ
߽ս۷弶ǿǱȸ߽սʲõ˹ǿǿʢһģҪ˵ɱǾ֮͵ģսʼϣͬȾ֮ľ޴࣬Ҳ޷Խսĸԭ֮һ
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ӹڷĹ㼴͸塣
һ̣˹ǿ˵Ȼǣһӱͬͻһ㣬ﵽ˰˽սǰȻһȭȥ
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λǲǺܽţЩˣҪˣ˹ǿЦлˣҪǣûϣˣǶڴˣ
ЦĽ幬ȻһŶĿĹֱ͸֮ϣǧ߿պ̻ɢѸٵӳȥ̼γһ޴Ĺţ˶С
лҪ취Ըʱ䶼ûС
µʮսʼҲƽ⣬ǵɣ˹ǿЦ
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Ľڲϵطɳ㣬ҲЩֹǹĹðΣ
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Ϭţ۽ܵħ裬ҲĽһǿߵħ裬һֱĽפġ
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лûвֹս飬۽ܵڣȴĶϬţ
һһûǩԼǱ˴˾ȹԷģʶоǳУлѪħʻҪУֻѪħΪõôڻûɽף˭Ҳ֪ٴγǵУһǿڡ
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лȻЦ㿼ǵĻܵ
۽ܸҵġϬţû˼
лҲ⣬ŶϬţʩչȻ뿪ڣڶϬţָ£ǾԶǸפһٶһɽ֮ۡ
ոյл͸оһ˿Ŀռǳ΢ǵǰǴɽ߹Ӧ
վɽۣл졣
ĽפطǳĴһ߼֮´½۹κһ۹Ҫ󽫽һ
Ľ˶ʥǵΧʶ̫ĵطǿյģӰħ޶ûС
лա
ڶϬţֻǸопռ޷ʲô߿վǸһеĹ֡
лﲻͬ
ƾռĸӦǹַ·һģţ֣ͷµһ
ˣ
лǿռʱ򣬿޻ð
ʲôˡлʵ
֮ǰΪɫյĶ࣬޻ͽĲҪˣɫ˯֪ʶĿ޻ٶȷˡ
޻ǿռ֮ź棬󷨣


1533  ս۷塾һ
󷨣
лԺиֿ޻еһǾɻ޵츳ɻ꣬רġ
Ȼٳ󷨡
ͷȲεĽǿҲûϽ󷨵ģοЩŽսʣʮսʶڱչصУֵܳģΨһĽ;ǣǰͷµһģϬţ
˵лġ
ռ붷ϣɲһܹģҪ㶼ŷǳɾ͵ˣǿԶ϶ǶͷµģӲϽȥ
лĵͷµһǰɸ˵Ŀİ
˵ģݶ
ΪĴڣͷȻ֣ѵǺܼ򵥵ıһĽ˵İȫҲ̫Բͷˣ϶ŸĴ㡣
л뵽ʱꡣ
Ψʱܹ꣬ȶĿʱͨġ
β²⣬һԶ϶ͷµһȻŷǳ档
ȥлϡ
ɣϬţæֹ
лЦ赣ģȻôһռ©ڴˣȻҪԭ򣬾ԲͷܽȥҲ赣ģãƾҵĸоδؾжǿĹԡ
ϬţκηĻᣬһ֣ڴ˵ء
лһ졣
ǿռ֮ŶؿռӰлԣֵһᣬһȥͬˮһ㡣
ԽŻǰһеʱ䡣
濴һʵҲһҡ
̤Улŷ֣ȻٳһС͵ĿռС磬䲻ǷǳĴȴ˶ӵˡ
лμģսͷڿռ壬涼൱ĳɾͣռСڣ鲼ǷŵţҰһĹתγһ֪ͷ棬ɾ൱͡
ֻǣﵽߵĵزսǰеμ׾ˡ
ǰӳлģžš
ˡ
룬Щŷ·̼ܵһ㣬ͳͳתɢһߣֱǿ޻ꡣ
ȻҪǿȡ޻ꡣ
꣬ȻɵķΧ֮ڡ
޻귴ӦҲ죬һ¾ڡ
ڣǺεȴڣͷ̰֮ĵĳ޵е񵶣ڲǴ֣̱һ⣬һ¾ͽЩɹ߳ˡ
Ҫл֡
лգȻԽһű˴˼ϵ߿գһռСͳͳţҶѾתˣоɢ˿˿͸Щռ֮Ƶĵط档
Ƕ귽ɣرǿĸӦлɣʮսԸӦĵϾͷµһô׶Կġ
лƮȥ
֣ŴԼһٶĿռ֮ţƵķλöرأŷǳĿռ򣬸оġ
ε˴ɱѿʼ
սһչʹﵽ˰Ȼ
һܰͷָȻʤһ㹥ˣȻȫ𣬾ʱ⣬˭ˣ˭Ȼȫ
˼򵥵飬ʹսһʼȻ
õӳĽʵνǱϡ٣Ҳ࣬Ծɴ֮С
Ľ岻ûԽսԽ¡
Ͼ˵ȥйɢۼһ˵ϣľԽԽࡣ
ͬģɱߵҲʼ½½ķռСڡ
лվھսһռ֮档
ʮأлȻܹѪɺӵľ½½֮ˣ껯εĹӰȡ
лҪֹܡ
ΪռСڵŹǧС͵󷨣ǧСϳһ󷨣޷赲סռ֮ţסġ
ڵĹؼǣʲô
ɲΪͷµְģ϶ʲôĿģлժ񵶡
ػ޻굹Ҳ󷨡
ж˽⣿л
޻˽ǳ
ɲǽɫǰܹͷĳڣ޻ȻͲ̫ңԶˡ
󷨿а취ƽ⣿лԿ޻껹ǱһЩϣģϾɻ츳
һԡ޻겻ȷ
лһն
ľٶûܹʲôЧϾͷµһ塣
ǵӣһƬ顣
Щ鲻ãһ֮£ȻٴԶγɣָԭ
лΪԼ޷ƻҲû뵽󷨾Ȼлָԭ״ɳ󷨵ʶ̶ˡ
ǿ޻Ҳһ
ð죬޻ſڵƺʲôڲٿ󷨣ָġ
лܣţţĶ
ȷڲٿ󷨣л
ȷ޻϶Ĵ𸴡
ϸĲ鿴Χ״ȷûС
лǿռԵʣһ¿
˶·ؼһ㣬ϸɵ·һſŵǳ
ǿռ
лʩչռ͸оƺһ΢ĿռĽ幬Ϸ΢ɾ졣
лϸӦţĿҲͶǹϷ
һ
ÿǹͷųܹĽѹĹ㣬ǿռͻ֣Ȼ΢ȴδлĸ֪
ˢˢˢлֻӶ񵶡
ӣŷһƬлʩչٶȣһⱬȥɲǼ㵽Ľ幬Ͽա
أ
лһײεǽ棬˿
лʥǳҲʹǰȴһ͸֣סȥ·
͸Ϊлײһ˿˿ˮ
棬ŷţŴЩͳͳתƽĴһöħ޵档
ħ޵Լһ׶ߣͨ嶼ɫģֻǵֵŵ֡
Ҳ֪ǷΪϵע룬л֣ħ޵ھȻһħȻ
񵰣޻꾪
лƺûͣ
ˣ޻꼤ؿл
ȡ֮УлЦ
޻꼤صǣˣ˵һ֮Ѫ޷ɾŲʷȫԣȥƾɻ츳Խ޻ˣ¸һ֮ѪϾŲʷټͷµ˲ãȫԽ˻ᣬģ
޻ԣȷǡ÷Ҫ
ҾĿǰյ޻Ļ޷ΪͷǰĴڣҲǽͷġ
İȻױȵġ


1534  ս۷塾
һͷĴڣκ˶ԣױȵջοڵľлΪ⣬ͷţӲһսȻҪ׼ͷµһһĴڣͷ֪Ժ󣬶Ȼġ
лԽԽ˷ܡ
һε֣ей
ȻͷµģƾԴƣ޷ƣκ뷨Ǽٵģƽֲǹؼڡ
УлҲǸеǿṩͬʱҲṩֵķʶҪƽǳ֮ѡ
ˣһ°ɡ޻꿪ڵ
лͷ
ͳȥǹ档
߶սǰһͣҲҪ̽һ£ܴܲһ϶ûгʵվ޵ĺܣֻǹֲһ£΢һ£ûʵʵĽչ
л״Ҳֻܽϣڿ޻ϡ
ǻʸͷ⣬ǷǷһȫ̶ֲֳ֪ȣҪϵ̺ĽɫлͷĲ֮
Ӧлľٶ޻зһĨ˷֮ɫ
ܹĸӦе
޼£ǾͲͬˣڼȭѾɽǿԷӳǿ
𣡡
ͺһ޻꿪ʼ߶ɻ츳
ɻ޵츳ǵѪ飬޻ȫ߶ҲǷǳ˵ģһ
ͿǹֵʱҲ滹һεϵؽ޻ĿС
Ϊ޻꣬ǾԼ
˾ɣ޻겻ϵԽԽǿӳɻ츳ҲԽԽǿǹֵʼѸٵļ
˳򿪹ֻʱˡ
лҲɿˣŵķſ޻꣬ҲǸпѣõ˺£˵޻δɾͣҪԶԶޣӥʰˡ
ǡ
Ųϵļȡ޻ԽԽ죬Ǽ᲻ɴݵĹڳһϸ΢Ѻۡ
ѺۻֻǱ棬δȥѿ
Ҫʱ䣬ϾãܹϵΪṩڿ޻ԣȻ˷ܲѡ
޻꣬Ҫǰ
Ǹ֮ǱٴҲҪһĳɳҪܹﵽأǸδ֪
ڸ֮ǰ޻ﵽһ൱ֲĸ߶ȣôԶԣʱͻȵļ١
лظоԭֻǰ˽սʼĿ޻Ծ˵ٶɱУйεֻʼ޷ȥ˷õۻ֧֣һӱͻƽޣŽսʵĵز
ʱͻѸٵļӴҲڼӴ˶ṩ󷨶ԣμ׾ˣ޷ԽԽĿ޻Ტۣϵش̼ɣѺԽԽѾһЩѺֱѵڲ㣬ָȥˡ
ͬʱлЩȻǣһ˿˿Ԫͷų
ЩԪǳĴ⣬ıл֮󣬸Ҫô˷ʱĴͿֱתΪս
Ǵл֮⡣
ö֮лԵɡ
ö񵰲ǸصͷһĸĿľҪѸٵĳɳġ
лɲЩ
Ȼ˴Ԫܴ
лҲȻԼսʼԪԪӿڣлսٵͬģǹѺ۾ԽѿһѺ¶ķ϶¶Ԫ
ž
Уһ쾪л
ͷһȻ֣һѣȻΪԪɣתΪս
Ԫ۵󷨣лЩţʶͷĳɾ;ԷǷˣֱóɾͳ̬ˡ
Ԫͬˮɢ
ҪҲ򵥣Ҫ壬ҰԼ־жǴɶΪԼ
ǰԲǵġ
л֪بԼǰǿ˵ĿˣƫƫԼעҪĵ
ҪΨʵſԡ

лͺһȻȫЩԪ΢һ£תΪսٶԽԽ졣
Ϳ޻ֱǾ䡣
ûãǹֱ㳹׵ѿ
Ҳлǿ֮£ͳͳı飬ŨԪͳͳıΪս
õۻлľ
еԼѾս۷弶
߽սҲֻһ֮ңȻһ֮ңҪȥҲô򵥵ģﵽս۷弶˶ԣҲֵҵġ
ս֮ǿ˾磬ԿԺɨһ߽սʣжף߽ս۷弶Ҳаջʤˡ
𣡡
û˷޻˷ܵصͺһ
һħ޵ҪУԼĳɱ䣬⽫һת
أ
֪޻ȥֱӱȥ
ħ޵渡ţγһػħ޵䲻޻Ĵȡ֮
л״ͷ˼ȫ
𣡡
޻ȴǼץ
ۿĻڽǰȴܹץסǱɱܰٱ
żȻˣһа취ġлһץʧȥ˱ħ޵С
ħ޵ռСһ󷨵ĸ֧ĽǿԵڣлߣЩűһϵеıлռָе󷨱еֹͣ꣬Ҳ
·ԡ
ЩĸһĻָ硣
ЩͨĽѸٵĻ䣬Ƭ̣սһߵ
ʹƵĽ壬Ʊл߽⣬ڿܣ
ˡ޻ȴ쳣
лҪ̫ˡ
ǣˣħ޵һͻԶγµ꣬ʱҾܹ룬Ҳ޷ȡˡ޻
סл
֪ҲѰ죬ͷƣȻҪǿж֣Ȼħ޵飬Ҳκ޻еġ
ʶֻܵȴᡣ
޻ҲΣֻĿһħ޵㷵ڡ
ʧȥħ޵һУĽ崦ڼ˵ıУлҲûбҪֱӴ洩ԽȥĽӴĹȺеһֺĹڡ
˫Ÿոأ;ػĽ֡
лһӣЩָͨкĻᶼûУͳͳĨɱлŽ룬һУлԺһѿڶʹأ


1535  ֡һ
ʹأ
һʹԴӵʹԻͣɾʹ忰ƵһǿʱڣҲһļʴʹڻܹ߳ʵָǿ۷壬һɱ䣬ԺӵѸ٣˵ʹ߳ģͼûߡ
Ľ˼ʹɱģȻʹŷǳоҴʹֶΣΪѪӡʵ޷ͻսʼʶרоѾһ¥
ӵʹأĽ˷壬һٶȸҲʹԴǰ˼֮µ׷ɱʼղʱܹǿӰ˼ֵĸԭڡ
лʹأԺо͸ͷ
ʹǲǿԾΪأ
ĹڣܾһЩ裬Ҳû֮Ķֻʹɢһ˿鶯Ϣее֮ʣһС
ǡ
л㽫ʹؾΪеʱȴ֣ʹڴ춯֮ͿʹؾȻǱˡ
һҪʹڡ
أ
ʹйرա
ͬʱһʹظΣлûϣʹصķͲͷµһˣƾʵʮսʵķҲܹʱĥġ
ʶлֱȥץ

׼ֵʱ洫һĿЦ
Ĵ̶лȻǺϤɻһȷĽ峤˹ǿ˵
Ľ壬ҲҪᣡ˹ǿٶ
λҪģǼһǵ˾ͻɱģ
ԣΪȺԮ
һͺȲϡ
лĶͨʼȫ濪Уһ±衢̵ٿʹصķҪҲףԼΣȱ֤̣ǵİȫǹؼ
ʱ¶ʹص룬һȻ뿪˵أһ̾ͳԴڵأĽ幬ȺеһĴǰ
ֻ衢̡ʥǸ䶯졢֣ĸѾĽԼٶ˰Χ
Լ׵ĵطɱ߽սϵƴɱֻ˲ľȻôָġ
һΣлһ֪
ȻǹԭʹǲòֳһѼ⵶Ľ帹أҪðڻٵӶȡʤֻû뵽ĽãǹҲл˲ıԴħ޵ĽҲ»䡣
˹ǿˣյĳȻǣ֣ʥڶڼ飬ܹӴǺĲжڼ飬ҹĿ࿴䶯޺޵ĶĽ˹ǿˣҧгݵĵ
˹ǿЦ֮Ĳû׼ǣǸĲȻҵˣ˼ӵк翹Ҳؽģ
䶯֣޵
лԣҲһû뵽Ȼڼӣڼ黹߽սʵУȻܹ˵ˣָء
С¶֪¡
ʥǼڣĶпܱĽ͸ˣҪ֪߽սϵǿߣǶһֱڱչ״̬Ϲǿߴӳ˯ģûмǽ⿪Ѫӡǰ׼սʼɵģǾͱʾĽܾúܾǰͿʼ׼͸ˡ
ǲ׽Щڼ飬Ŀܴ֮֡
˹ǿˣҺΪ㲻ֵһֱûпڵ˵ˡ
ʲôֵģ˹ǿ˱˵һ
лǰǷ֣Ϊ֮Ķ˵ʱ򣬾һӣͬմȨŮǿ˰㣬У˿ûΪΧĽţƽ˵Ľͷһ֧֣˹񣬹ӥʶĻ䵽زΧˣ塣
˹ǿһ䡣
˵ʵ˹ͷȫŤתս֣ٲ㣬ֵܹصĹ㶼ʧˡ̵
˹ǿ˶̣֮ͻȻЦ
Цúܶ˶ееͷԡ
峤ҵ峤ѹ˶˵ĺδ˼ϣһû˹ǿЦݷǳĲãʱ䣬԰ɣҪȴǵԮɶԣ
û̿Լ뷨Ҳûƽ˵
˹ǿЦҸ㣬Ҳʱ䡣˵Żһָ߿գ
˲Ծ̧ͷȥ
Ϳ˹ǿ˵ָһ㣬յͷµһѸٵ̼䣬ƬפأΪĽ幬Ⱥˡ
˵ֻһȴҲܹ׿ƵģҪʱƿأںˣҲɱˣǵԮܵˡ˹ǿЦݿʼѪ
ٶĽҲͳͳ𶯱
ǵʵߵͲ룬Ӧ˹ǿ˵սʮˣµԶսΪǵһ˿˿Ѫɫǵ渡ֳҲʾǲģֶΣ˾磬ѿԽ벽ˡ
ڱΧ˵ȴ޷Կġ
ΧȦڹʮˡ
ʵǿ̣ս۷弶ĶսʣĽսʣսʶûУҲ֪Ǳڼ鰵еǱɱˣҪ˹ǿԶ֣¡
˹ǿˣֻ֪һ֪ǵԮѾˡԾƽˮ˿ŶûС
˹ǿЦҪͼʱˣ˵һǸʮʱ䣬Ҳ޷Ƶġ
˵ˣˣţ㿴һָ
ָķȥ
ֻл񵶣Ȼվڹ̨֮ϣʲôʱģû˷֣·ƾðġ
էл֣˹ǿҲǳһ漴Цˣһλʹİɣ񵶺۵İɡ
ѵ峤û˵ɱ߽ս۷弶ǿߣƾ峤߽սʵƺûʸҶԿɡлЦеĵڹ۲ܵΣҪǸڱ裬ߵˡ
˭˵Щ˵ûĽԵף
еĻȻͻȻԱ裬ǳ֣Ǻ룬ſԡ
ҵȻ֪˹ǿͬЦ棬Ҳ׼תΪûл׼ġ
˵䣬Ϳ˹ǿһ渡һЩɫĹ㣬ЩܹǿĽĹЩƣȴвͬ
л岻ɵñˡ
Щ֮ɢ˹ǿ˵ڣ˹ǿҲֻǸлһۣûֵĻᡣ
ƻֶΣɡ˹ǿ˵Ѹٵһӱﵽ߽ս۷弶нӽ˽սʵĵزȴ֪ıԴУⱾԴ֮ҿ˽սʣϾĻԺźܴƻģȴܹΪﵽ޽ӽ˽սʵĵزҶɱ䣬ӵгԽͨۺ϶ԣҵսȳ˽սʵĻҪǿ


1536  ֡
սǿ˽սʵʵҲ˵ڵ˹ǿԽսʱˣʶܹл
ȴ֪лͬ
뵱аżս߽ս۷弶ǿ߲ͬڵлѾﵽս۷弶ͬžԵš
ǣ
лֽ񵶲¡
һݵӴƴϱͬһһ㣬һϯȥǸĽͳͳıȵĶ޷ֿںڵҷҵ趯ţ֮Ҳлϡ
â¶
֮ǰһзâͬº͵Ȫˮû˿ĹôھǺϷ籩ǳʵ񵶣ѹ˷
㶼ûʸҰεлָ˹ǿˣȻ˵
˹ǿ˱лӼŭˣȵ
ʵлǰβԼƵģ֮ǰõĸоҪγ񵶣Ĳô򵥵ġ

һѷ񽣳˹ǿ˵С
粽лԼʮ׵ľ룬Ӷ񽣶л׺ݵնȥһεĽⷢĺХƿնԵǿᣬлԵ߽ս۷弶ֶ޷ֿһ
ͬ˹ǿһ˽սʵǿһ
񽣽⣬лЩ
ǿԵͬڳ˽սʵһͷҪԼսжǿ
񵶣ȫѹƶ֡
Ͼ񵶵ʲô𣬶ȷˣԶ񽣡
ռ
лûж񵶣ϴżȭף߶սǼȭҲɢҵĹâ
ѹ
һȭصĺȥ
أ
һȭǻν⣬ȭͷ£ǻν⵱飬ĽĽ⽫ΧĽ鲻٣һĽսʵĸֵѽɱ屬ѣûʣһ㡣
лҲƺһ˰벽
ûռˣȴҲûԿǲ֮Ľ
ûʸҰεлʳָҡһ£˵һΪûγ񵶣ƣôһξʵ
ռֻյͨˡ
˹ǿ˱Ȼչʮףҵȶ޾Ĺδתܷ·һɫ棬˫Ŀɭĺâ֣ɱ
һ£ЩĽּ̳
ʮսͨսͬ蹷һ׺ݵɱȥ
ƾ̵˵ʮսʣǻܹӦɶʮսʣǾҪ뱻ο֮ࡣ
˹ǿ¶ɭЦݡ
ҪлԼ˶޷оһսν޳ܣ⣬ԣֻһ뷨ȡ񵶺۲Ҫġ

лɫƽ棬һţˢһ£˹ǿ˵ʧӰ٣ͬҲûټ
ã
˹ǿͷվǴδллˣȻûǰơ
ٶȳֵлȻսʵı
ƶն
ҪģĶлҲһһеĵ
սʳȻл̫࣬Ҳǵģͬʱŭһȫƴȫ֣ܣֻˡ
꣡꣡꣡
ӹеͳͳѡ
޼᲻ݵĵҲǵĲǰӹ
սʬء
л˹ǿ˿ŭҵȶͬһ㣬ɱлȥ
һЦлٶȳսʵı
˹ǿ˸ջӽ
ˢ
һתŷлֹҪ£ҲǸѸٳ˱Ļᡣ
ֻ̫͹лһˡ
Ǿٶȣ
ٶȣлҺ;Žսʱƴһͬһƹǽ⣬ֱײһսʵĻУȭؿڣһ޴ȭͷӰͺ˵š
񵶱ɨȥ
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ս䶯֣ģǣлֳûɱǣѾˣĽѳɶ֣ĺЭҲǵΪֹˡ
ĿԼ±ɱ˹ǿ۾ˡ
лǶһЦһ㣬ű裬̵תһȦ񵶱ƶնĶɨʮ
ӹ޿ɵֵ
ƾлʵ˵սʣһʩչ߽ս۷弶⡣
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ƬĽ˱նɱ
лģߵʱ򣬼ٵĵ˵СĽڼ飡
̷ٵ͸һ֪
ڴ˵صʥǸֲֻ࣬ʮˣ˭Ҳұ֤Լˡ
лһ·նɱҲк֮ǡ
ȥɣŭĽ峤˹ǿͬһ㣬߶ȫӶ񽣣׺ݵն裬̵ʥǵʮ֡
ƾ˽սʵʵȫһܹնɱһƬġ
˹ǿˣ̫ˣлЦУȰƾճǽǰ棬ʲôֱ񵶵ֵ

ײУлصء
ȴˡ
˹ǿ˼״ɫһ䡣
һȫлУȻɵıˣβء
Ҳһԣлȵվأ֮ڣĴðʵɫϢƶն
񵶺Ȼնȥ
һĨ˸ɭĺâա
˹ǿҪȴ֣ٶȷܿ뱻Ψȫֵֿ
񽣺յֵ
뷽лֵֵһľٶ

Уǿĵⷢ˺һеļХȵ˹ǿȫͷ߿շȥ
㱻Ƶ߿շȥһٶףǵű
˹ǿ˸е˫飬ͻͻȻҲĴټһµĻ͵ֵסˡ
ֱʱ˹ǿ˲֪лĿֲ
սлܻ߽սʡ
£
˹ǿͷһҪߵ뷨δʵʩͷлԾ˵ٶȣ˴ĳײ

ûκ潻뷨˹ǿ˱Ѹٵһȥûелսˡ
лٶٿ죬Ҳܴȣο˹ǿ˱һٶȱŵ㡣
˾Ͳ
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ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
һʱֱֳֶָ˹ǿ˵ͷ̶ԣǳ׺
ǽ˹ǿҲһ˲ϢĹ򣬼顣
һ˲ϢҲǰʱ䣬಻׵˵ҪʱȥԽ룬лֱ̧һѸٵȥ
ĵ£ʱ顣
˹ǿ˸оͷײ񵶣һؿڵλãһ㱬ȥĿֱлüλá


1537  Ľ
ۿҪ֣ȴڹؼʱ̣˹ǿ˾Ȼһл֮⡣
лɱʢҲͷġ
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أ
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ǿ𶯣ӲǱȵл˰벽˹ǿҲͷƴĺһС
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һסʱ䡣
ˢ
Ѿ
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Σͷӥʷһ˻ϱһɫĹ֣ҷͬʱ˹ǿҲӽɨ

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ӥʷĲҽУëҷɣѪ׹ȥƣʵûüӣѾˡ
лȴǶɱ⼫
Ϊл֪ӥʵ׹ӥʳɳζʲô±˹ǿĽ峤ҪµĶ࣬ϾʹѪڡ
ڹӥ׹һ̣лҲͬħһ㣬һ̤ȥ
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񱩵ս͵ıȥͬɽһ㣬սǶ߱εȵĿ£ӥҲ޷ֿ˿µ
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лҲ֪һȥӥʱɣٹģȥ׷ɱ˹ǿˣ֪ո̧ͷͷ˹ǿ˾Ȼ˦¾Ĺӥʣƽٶȳ߿գ˫𶯣ɲǼѾֿɼǷ֡
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лٵѰҿռ֮ţҪԽȥ׷ɱ˹ǿˡ
룬δҵǹֱƾɢӰ٣ĸҲˣֺɱг˹ǿȴټȫޡ
ЩĽȻƴӴܡ
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Ľ֮ãǵЩöأȻЩ˷Ŀ꣬ңֺģż˻ᷢһЩСĦ
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лʼ磬ⷽɣֿ׿˵˹ߵĽЩ˵УŶҾҪˣĽ嵽ʲôǲʲôطҪ뿪֮󣬵ȥȡ
Ȼл˵ͬпɺã䶯
ðлȻᷴԡ
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˿߳䶯üͷһ壬̿ǵˣ䶯ҪΪ޵ģ̴Ƕľ飬ǹڻ
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ԵȡлҲû⡣
ͺһǸƫһУͿվˣ糤߾лһ޶ѷֱ˴ˡ


1538  ߣͻһ
ǰ˿л̣ΰݣǷ˶һ޶ͨٱνġ
ٰǣ뿪˵ע⣬̵
л̴֪˾ٱ⣬뿪
˼ٰǣʥ֮˱뿪ˡ
Ƿͬʱ뿪ġ
һ潵£ʩչҪĽפػΪһƬ棬˹˹ǿ˵ߵĽٷ»Ļᡣ
лʩչ뿪Ƭ
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Ǵл뵽ʹء
ǵط£ػԷյҲģʹ⵽ƻ
ǲǷʲôл
̵ü䷺һ㵭ĹΣͼ֣͸һ˿޵һȻ֮ͷ˫зһĨ⣬Ȧˡ
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ʥ֮Դʥ
Դ뿪ʹʥʥ֮ԴѾ׵ʧȥʥһ˿˼ʶǾͼһĴڣȻ͸¶˺ͷŭͱʲôʥ֮ԴǶǳ飬Ӱ̵ľ
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Ľӵ뻳Улָ̺ڳа㷢ܻ˳ϵ㣬еЩܰ
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ò̾ӨĶʱһݶ˵ĺΣ۲Щİһۣʥ֮ԴоһЩ飬㲻οңôЩ
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һͷöǰ㷢üļʥ֮Դͼ˸ֵĹΣ͸ʥ֮ԴܸоĳʱΣ屻ɱǰĲҽƺԽʱգԾڸ߿ջص
лһȻ뵽Ҫһ顣
ǾǰĽ廹ûʹʱǶ巢һѪϴж塣
ˮʥӡʨӡնӡȵȣдʧ٣ЩӡеҲѾȥеȴˡ
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۾Լ׵ƽȻʥ֮Դͨͨʥ֮ԴָǰС
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Ķͨȫ濪ʱ̹עΧ˹ǿߣ˭Ҳ֪ǷԾڸ˹ĽһЩ֣ǰ뿪ˣǶص֮ڣޱ߼ʵĵطĳأ
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һĨϢȻû˼֣лӦ̵ʵѾӽĽսˣͻѾԶˡ
Ѫӡĳ׽˵ļͬ츳Ҳֳˣ̱ֻʥ֮ԴǷ޷ӳ壬ȻĻѾﵽսʵľˡ
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֪ӵһѪҲģԲŻӦҲ֤ɽǲô򵥵ġ
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ӡƳһԹӿ
̼䣬ԭµĸɽ㱻һ޾ԹΧţ·ңԶǰŭ˻ݹ
лͬʱ𶯡
ľ㱻ǲơ
ͷ𾪣Щţﵽ˶ٵǿ߰
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̫صԹޣʥ֮ԴӦòΣյġ˵ĺί񣬾ǵķӰлġ
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˵䣬
һϵѹͷų
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ȻܹӦĵлĿӵˡ
һѪʥ֮ԴŶİ̫ˣֻڵԶûгƿʥ֮Դİ壬޷Ѫİ
պա
лҲʲôãʶҲ߶ػʥ壬öػܱ֮㽫˻Ǳȥ


1539  ߣͻ
ɽʪأһȳζǳأѾγһ־綾лҩָڣ£˸һĨ⣬Ǿ綾ɢ޷ʲôвŨصԹȴʮֵĿ£лľܵصս
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Ϊʥ֮ԴˣҲ˵δƿ֮һϵΪУһӡ
ܵԹޣңľģӶվҶпܵġ
лʱ̹ע̣ʲô⡣
ɫ˫Ŀ⣬ԾܹľţֻΧŵʥµķɣ͵͵ڿûκε˼ʶһжԴԶĸ
֣ס̵֣лüᶨĿ⿴
ЩãȻ̧ͷлĿԣķľһԭϤĸоٶȻˣ·ǣսΪս˵غƣɵĽ˽лơ
˱ȥ
ˢһɷ
ʪ˹ҲһһƬҹȥǶڸأͨ
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꣬ЩѪȻûиɺԣԾɵ֣·Ǹոյһ㣬ޡ
лܵѪмŵĺ⡣
ת䣬ǰȻʡ
ӳһ߹壬Ĺ壬Ӵޱȣͨûһ˿Ѫ⣬Ĺ壬һźɫĻۿƺڳɳ㹻ʱ䣬ͽתΪĹ֮
忴һս뺷߾ǰǿеĳԱȻ͸°İǡ

߾Ĺ壬л̾һҪƹȥ
ͣ
ǣֵģлҲòͣͿΧŵʥӰ·»һعͼ֮С
ȻʥӰֵƺںһͼزţɢŵĹΡ
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лһ𣬾Ϳ̵Ŀռָ˸ŵĹΣǰѱγ͸̵Զ
Դлӵ񵶣ʹùսʽ֮Ѿܹжϵóǽļˡ
˽սʽͬģҪǿʢһߣΪѾսʽַâ¶лĳ⣬µˡ
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˫Ŀ֮ƺһ߾Ӱ֣üļʥ֮ԴͼҲͬȼһģڵš
Ϳ߾Ĺͨ巺һ㵭ĽɫĹΡ

ѣһľתǽ֮ڣһ˿߾ֱʥ֮Դˡ
лҲǰһϲƶһģʥ֮ԴȻûдﵽǿʢʱ򣬻Ҫ
Ⲣ⣬ʥ֮ԴĸǰʥɵʱʥشЩ궼Щɢʥ֮Դ±ǿʢʱڵʥҪһ࣬Ҳʼ޷õʥ֮Դֵ֧ԭڡ
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һĽɫĹαöͷųɫĹâߵĿռ䷶ΧڣʹǳʪϢʧˣԹҲɢÿһ궼ʵ˸ŵĹâ
һɫֱͶʥ֮Դͼ֮ڡ
лۿʥ֮ԴͼתΪһʥӰطɢ»۳ɾӰֻǾͬˣ֮ǰʥô򵥣ɱļ
ˣɫΪĳЩԭ޷ѹȻܹıһйĶ
Ҫʥ֮Դɱ䡣
ˣ
ʥ֮Դѡ
ͻͻ
ö۲ѡ

ǽǽϡ
ŽϵĶڲڷãǺлͿѸٵ
ǽı仯öĵɫĹһӱ㽫һǧۼںϣһӲӵǿֱ꣬ӳǽ֮ڡ
飿
лоһǽѵû飿˵ĻõǽпܳԽսʼ񽣵ĵز


1540  ߣͻ
Խսʼĸ߶ȣǺͬһ𣿿תһ룬л־ò̫ܡ
ƺѾȼܹͷĺǾһ⣬ͷУѵûгԽսʼţһµ壬ǶԱ˽⿰بδеģ񵶵ĳɾͶǵһЩ͡
лܸо񵶿аҲδ֪Ͼ񵶵صʷǿ飬ҲƶϳģδǷܹ顣
ǽõһǧ۶ɵΪ飬˵Ѿǲɱʵˡ
õע룬ǽͨ巺һĨĹΣһĽ͸ֱӾͽɽˣǿµĳ̶Ѿսʽȷ߳һ㣬սʽѾսʼļˡ
ǽ񵶻ҪѷɫĶ࣬ΪڵǽͲʵ񵶲ࡣ
أ
̽ץסǽһ֣·Ѱ㣬ƣ𶯵ΧЩ׷׵ķ˷ܵ˻
ͬʱöٶһĽɫ
һ걻ӲӵĹâ޷ȥֻǵⰵһЩͷһ꾹Ȼ۳һֱ꣬ӳ̵ʥ֮Դڣ֮󣬼̻һ˿˿ֱ͸ʥ֮Դľ֮ڣǾͿʥޱ䣬Ȼͳͳﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ʲôأ
лзֹ΢һ˼ɶ϶ƺѾʼˡ
Ҳ˵̵ʥ֮ԴĸʥɱΪʣζıԺ̵ĳɾҲȻǷˡ
ʣµ껹ǧ֮ࡣ
ö۱˴һԲȦƯڸ߿֮УһƬ⣬Щͳͳڣͷųһŵռ䡣
Ҳ֪ǷΪõôԵʣԪ֮ŨлΪ֮ϲѣֱ̫Ũˡ
л̶һۣͬĵ
һս۷弶һս۷弶ڼһĵڣ˻ᣬܴ
лͷų޻ػ
ǾͿʼ
ԪתΪԼܵԼȡܹ˻һ硣
ֻǲͬڣлҪ߽սʣҪԪ࣬࣬ԶԣҪķʮ֮һϾ緽̫ˡ
һСʱʱת۾͹ȥˡ
öͷŵԪǳŨĳǣ֮£ǵڣʹǵٶȶﵽǰδеĵز
ֹͣ
ΪɵıͻƣĽսʵľ磬ȹ˾磬лԾ൱ľҪȥ
̱Ȼ˳ռ䣬øлͻƵ
ԪȻлٶźܴİ
վռ棬лӣɵóˣСʱʱȥˡ
лҲ߽սʵıԵ
بǰľ谭ͺһֽıһͿܳƣͻƵģƫƫʱöٿȻռ䣬ͬʱðعлĿռָڡ
Ȼǧϵı֣ǿ󲻵á
ֻһ㴰ֽĺȣҪƣ֪Ҫ೤ʱĿأЩһ궼δܹƣǾԽߣԽͻƵԭڡ
ûͻƣ̵
һߡлЦ
̵֪ǰ˳ܹͻˡ
ԥ˵ⷬлһжϾܹͻƾκ˵ǷǳջսʼͻƸջ޷ܵġ
İɣһһطͻơлЦ
ʵ
лʹأ
ʹأлȻûнУȴѾоضױȵԪͻƣǰĿһء
֪ʹ̾ϲ
зֵģٺ٣뿪һ᷵ģû뵽׼⵹ʡȴ˲鷳лЦ
˵Ц䣬ȥ
Ѿһ˿Թ֮ûаټϵѪҲѸٸɺˡ
µһжĨƽˡ
ʣµľΪǱѩޣնɱĽˡ
ɽڵʱлȻֹסŲɫƵĿ棬ȻĿл˫΢΢Ķ֪Ҳǽ״ܹӳǽȫ
̫߹䶯֣Ϊˣлɫˣ͸һɱɱ⡣
Уϡ
ֻľ绹ҪһЩʱﲻæ裬ڽ֮У޷֣Ψһܹľʥ֮Դǽ
ֻһͷǾǲҪл֡
˻߳ɽ
ͿɽԼǧ֮ңĵطӰ׷ɣǧˣĴ˷Χ
۵˶л̺Ϥġ
мĽ峤˹ǿˣʮĽ֣в߽ս۷弶ǿߣÿһ¶һֻӥսҲ൱Ŀɹۡ
䶯Ϊ׵Ǹ֣߰ˡ
䶯Ȼվգվһ˽սʣ߽ս۷弶ǿߣһɢඵǺܶ࣬ɸʵǿսʼǿߣв߽սʡ
Ҳ֣Ϊ׵֣ǿߣҲԼ߰ˡ
֣һưվм䣬ͬһ˽սʼǿػߣ߽սʵȵȣͬһȺ˴ҲΧ
ͽ߸Χˡ
лû뵽ɣ֣лл߳ţ˵
Ҳһ󶯵
˶ս׼
û뵽û뵽ұΪе֪ģû뵽ǾȻ˺лʵ˵
֣Ц˭νҶԣֻҪܹɱлǾ㹻ˣ
Ļлǿɱ⡣
Ҫɱл˺ܶ࣬лҲɱ⣬ȴûк⣬ʱ˿̵֣죬ŭˡ
˸ûһǷǹֻΪԼϲãˣпΪһ֮˽ϱ˼磬Ͷ绳Ŀܡ
ɱ
Ҫɱң𣿡лӵĵ޷Ǿ˵Ĵıѣ֮ǰǺʱˡ
֣ΣȴҪҵУ
Сѡлȥǿת䶯˹ǿˣλ˵ʲô𣿡
˹ǿߵֻ㣬Ҫˣˣ
лһһţ͸е¾ȻһˣȻܹӰʩչĵز
ƾĸоǾԲҵĽ֮
΢һ룬лˣ»ͷµһǶɱֹߵġ
ͷȻǿޱȣлȴģϾǲԷӡģлȻж֮ͨĵĸز˿˿ϵԿǷܹʩչ
˵ڱصˡлĵ
˹ǿЦ
ҲԼĴ㣬Ͼǻɱлȡ񵶺ۣȻҪ䶯֣Χġ
л֣£񵶺۵ջ̫󡣡䶯쵭˵һ䣬Ȼý


1541  ޻Ĵ졾һ
лȫ׼Ծǧ˶ǳĽһͷųǿսĿ侫Ŀһ˽սʮ߽սգ߿գֹлӿߡ
ͷµһ
˿ν޵
̿ĶЩţ˽еǽĿ˸ʱ׼ƴһս־ܵġ
Ҫţа취л
ߣ͸һš
ľлΣңǵǿ󣬶ܹаյӣлǷĲɵȻĶĪ㺡
лȷš
ƴɱĻֻһˣа˽սʳ֣Ҳһİߣߣûʲôܹסֻڣûôˡ
ϵҲû˹ǿǰס
ͷһȻǿĿֲӡصģֻܶͨħ޵츳ͬͲô򵥶Ƶģ֮ͨص磬ͬǴصһӣȻܹأ뿪ˡ
ɴ˱֤лû˺֮ǡ
ǵʵǿֻҪû£Ҳ赣ǵĹ
֣ǲǴ㣬ɱ֮󣬶ȡ񵶺ۣȻ֣նɱ˹ǿˣ԰ɣлޱ飬˿һҪ֣ҲΪͷһܹɱҵ
䶯쵭ĵ֮кҲзЭ飬лֲҪ䣬ǾֶԸ㣡
л˹ǿˣ˵˹ǿҲɵϣ϶֪ǵĴ㣬ȻҪǺȻԼ׼ֻ£ȻǷ˹ǿ˸ˡ
⻰ǹؼġ
˹ǿ֮ǰܹµ䶯죬֣γһѼ⵶˹ǿãһ֮ô벻
Ȼܹ뵽ΪʲôҪ
˭˹ǿֻΪлȥĵˣҪԼȻ̡
䶯֣ɫһ
ĿԣĿйâ˸ʾǵĲ֮ǰ̫񵶺ˣ˹ǿ˵в
ɱл˵֣лϵĵ
˹ǿӦɱ
ֳ䶯Ҳߵĸʹɫ
Ǻȫ
ǵ൱һֵ߽սʣȻ˽սûж֣˶սʣһҲǷǳµġ
֣죬ס´μ棬ȡ㹷ͷʱˣлָ֣죬Ҳ˱ɱ֮ġ
֣Цھڣ

лЦȻٿȻתתΪ֣죬񵶶֣նһ
ݣ
⻮һתĺâȥ
ɲǼ㵽ǰ
֣һɳĸֱʶĳ赲һȺ˳֣٣ֵֵǵӹȥֱӾͽǸ·ɢȥԾն֣졣
վ֣ߵ˽սгһ񽣣ǰһ㡣
ž
ǵһ֮£顣
˽սʵлͫһգֹ棬δռñˣܹͻƣʤ
ߣлһ̷֣ץס̵ĸ첲֮һţ˱Ѹٵû£ŵصȥ
һ˹ǿˣ֣䶯˶ЩĿɿڴ
ܣ˹ǿ˵ɴ۾ŵĵ
ƿͷһһǿ̶ȡ
ģֺ俪ɽ֣ŭ
ǧ˱ֳ

ʱ˹ǿ˶Ȼеһָǿ쿴
˷׷׵ͷһֻһٵϷȥʱ׹ͷµһӦл
ͬʱлҲ̵һĿ¡
ܹǱûֻܵ²ʮ׵ĵط룬һսʼһܹģԶߣ͸оĲ̶ȣףر˿϶Ҳܿó
§ңл
Ľͬצϣƽȣл϶Ҫͣʱһġ

Ƶ磡
л㽫ٶȫ淢ӳڵر𾪵һ˲䣬л쮳ȥǧ׵ľ롣
̴ӵð
Ȼ˼Ѿ˽ƣ޷ǱУڵͬзǰ㣬ڸ߿շУ˭ٶȸ졣
ǧ׵ľ룬˵ǣóٶȵİ˽սҲ޷лƴģֻһ䣬ͳһСڵ㡣
ôģֵİΧ֮Ул׾ٵˡ
䶯죬֣˹ǿ˱˴㿴ңҿ㶼е㷸ɵǿ֣ƣȻôһôûУԼֵĻᶼûС
ߣλᣬԺɱˡ֣
˹ǿ˼ٵĴ߶ͷµһѸٵĸĽפأͬʱһҲ
Ѿ·ӡҪȥǴһ׷˹ǿ˵
Ѿʧȥлټֻܸл֮ǰʧķ򣬼׷ȥѰֻĽפޱ߼ʵӴҪҵлǳ˵Σл
˹ǿ˵ߵķ򣬺лڵλãȫԯޣڽһЩ壬֮󣬱׵ĸ߶ȷУǵĸɽдеľڵѾصߵĵطԶԶؿ˹ǿˣ䶯죬֣ǰѰңԺЦ
ֻҪһʱ䣬ʹأ´μ棬ȻһľϲǺڲѡ
侲лʱоĴ̼
ĻޱȣٱŮˣʹзǳǿȻǲҪȥģͲҪȥı֣覵ġ
˿̵̺ưצлϡ
˫˫Ĳţ֮
ǱؽţܰлһֻҲ֪ʲôʱ̵̹βʱ̲סץһѡ
š
̿ڱзһ϶Ϊ֮
̼䣬л͸еѪҺţǿҵӦֱȥ΢죬һĨĹ⣬ѸٵлĻ
лٺһЦҲûŮ˵ΣϾҲйܶĽӴΪ飬˴ôһ˿ϵء
ͦɨһۣ̬ˡ
ҲСлòеȣץһ̱أУѸٵƽϢľԼ侲ڿΣʱ̡
Ŀĵʹء
˹ǿô϶ῼʹص⣬ѱҹȥĻͻļƻ
ȥʹأȻռˡл̵βһƣһ𣬱
̵
ѾǱջٵĽ幬Ⱥлʩչŵʹǰ档


1542  ޻Ĵ졾
ʹѾ´ĵطԾŷֱţ濴ʵӡ
лǰһоʹΣȻûͷһķ񵥶Ʋطһлһ𣬵һˡ
ԷżЩˣ߽սʼлھǣлȴǱкС
˹ǿ䶯죬֣춼ǳˣոձ˴ɱϣͰĺ˵ǵĿ񵶺ۣô䣿۴һ棬Ǳ˴˿϶ԶԷصҺóڣԼѰټҸһصģǲźء
ͷһɢģֻ൱ʮսµķ̲һ£жϡ
лѿ
ʮսʵҲ൱ǿģֻǶлԣȻûǰĿ£ϾѾ޽ӽ߽սʣ˽սʣв࣬ɸʱ䣬Ҳ̫ѵġ
¸л
̴Ӧһһһαγˡ
ɽѵҲģлɰĵʩչԼ

³һлȫս׼
ʮսʵҪһĥġ

δ̵ǽȴԶķ
лҲоһ˿ϵϾҲһѪ֮ǽǽɫעģȻЩϵġ
ɡ̳Ȼ񵶣Ͼβ񵶣޷ǽͬһƣǽʹģܹء
⵹Ҳǡл񵶣ץǽ
˽ʹ˭˵ʹûпأߣõ֧֣
ںϣغһ
лڵսڣͬļĴӣѸȫƶ
һ̣ҪͱƲħ
ƶն
л֪ƽõıǴ˶ǽΪʩչһػǷ档
أ
һ֮£ǷʱҵĲ
նĵطһ˿˿Ѻ۳֡
л̼״Ǵϲ
ʮսʵ൱ڰ˽սʶʮлĸоʩչ񵶶ҪʮҲδؿ˳ɹȻǽǿʹġ
ЩлԺвɸһЩ뷨
ǽʥ֮Դ̣ʹ壬ʹͷ
ɵЦδ̣ǿܹϴóİĲ̣ʹڵĿʼɡ
ء
лͣЪȫգۼʮལ
ȻֵѺۣȻǺԣȴ鲼ķΧǽһߣѾѿ滹еӿ
޶+ƶն
ߵƶն޶ΪںصնǷ档
ǽʹĿƣһǾ׵ġ
꣡
һն£ֱӽǸոһ϶նƣǷ϶Ѹٵӵ棬ͬʱǿɢ
¡¡
УǷֳױΣɢΡ
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˻
˻ȻʹڴݳʹڶȻһ޴Ӱʹһĵطһɫĵ⣬ֱлš
죡ݣ׼䲻⣡
ĵսҪֵħ޷ӵ쾡¡
лˣٶͬľˣǽҲݺݵնȥ
أ
ǽҲػħ޵ϡ
л͸е˫飬һҪӵǽĳ嶯ظѪӿػʥ壬Ҫˡ
ħ޵ǿ󣬼ֱ
лҲ˳ȥײ̵ϡ
˻
˻죬ħӰѸٳлС
޻꣡лѿھ
漴ָоԾĻսʼԶԿԣ걾ĻȫκЧģǽȴն
һٴ֤ǽתΪĨɱʹڵġ
࣡޻ĶлҪ㣡
ǰ֪ʲô磬ʮսʼεģ;ףҲǱ̬ĺܡ
л޻꣬Цһֱ룬ÿ޻ڸǰﵽ㹻ǿĵزһǳԽʮսʵĴڣ뵽취ˡ
࣬ͷҿڳԣ޻ɭɭĵ֪Ҳ꣬µһйһϢҳɳΪԽʮսʵĴڣΪġ
Ŷ֪ˣ񵰾Ϊ׼ģУ¸԰ɣлЦеĵ
޻ߵǣ
žžž
лִЦ̫ˣ̫ˣ
Ϊ̫ˣȻЦЩ㵸̶Ŀɿڴĸ侲Ѫл
ʲô˵˷ܣ
࣡޻ŭҪٴζ֡
֣ǲڵϵڱ㴫һ춯ص˷˻޻˳
õ㹻ڵĿ޻൱ھŽս۷弶ʮսʶǴֿɼġ
ͬ˷ܣܣЩˡ
ıʱˡлЦ
𣡡
޻׿
޻״ɵôŭҾ൱ȻҪɱң
𣡡
Ѿ˷ܵؿҪĿ޻ϻſڱ㷢һͳ˻âǣȻһ
ɻ츳ɻ꣡
ʵǿע壬ôһжҪ꣬ûӦֶΣεֿ
뵱ʮսʵ궼ܹɣοǾŽսʵ޻꣬Ȼһнɵɡ
޻ŸеΣҪߣȴѾɻ츳ֻƴĵֿŵ
ʲôŰģѯл
лóö񵰣Цеĵ˵ֱܹ֮ӿԽʮսʼĸڻŵҫһֱ޻궼޷и޻֮󣬲ܹﵽʮսʼĵزܹƾ޻ϢУȻʮս۷弶ģȻܹԽʮսʼ
ǵȷǺܣƺûĵزɡɻĵ
Ȼ˿ɲ̫˵ġлһó֮ѪǾŲʷ𡣡
̵۾ɴˣص⣬⡭
лЦûŲʷͷľŲʷ˵Դʱ򱻿޻֮Ȼδܹһﵽͷֱ̬ĸ߶ȣҲ̫ģؼԺĳɳܹΪͷǰĴڣѾӹɵˡ


1543  ޻Ĵ졾
֮УлȻʼһ֧δˣ޻ĳɳӵʥ֮Դǽʹ̣гɾͲԤһжڲĽš
лԴ˶û̫⡣
ȵϸ鿴ΧźȻ֣ʥǵɳǲԤģѪ裬츳ȵȣһ㹻δֻʱǹؼ
ֵܷĴսǹؼ
ӿٶȣлĶͨչмӣǾͿˣҪʹأֹ˹ǿ˷֡
𣡡
޻ͺһ
ȻӴɻٶȣƬ֮󣬾Ϳ޻ȻСȴޱȵʵ·꣬
ʮսʣ
лǼʮսʵꡣ
ʮսʵĿ޻꣬αǿ޻ǡǡ෴Ѹٵ˥
𣡡
޻ſ죬һֱ̣ӽ޻ˡ
ſ޻ٴ
ֻǲͬڣ޻Ҳɢ޻ϢܾûгǱ޻һ˿ڡ
˱ɷǰһ츳Ǿǡˣ
Ǻͷһŵĳħޡ
һԡʮֻأѱɱ
ͬ߱ˣκƣֻҪܹͨ츳ƺãҲÿһֻһֻѣȴδĸԭ
ˡл˫
Щӡ
ûãһ˿㴫
޻¶һ˿Ц⣬΢΢һһ˿еϢͷų̽˹ǿ˵ġ
ȻȷϢ֮˹ǿ˵̽ˡ
лţѾԶȥѰ
Σȹ
Դ˿԰ˡ
ˣ޻꼤ĵ
лЦЦ˵ɣ޻õļ䡣
䲻࣬޷ֿ㿪ʼĨɱ䣬һǲ׽һõĶ޻˵
˵лЦ
֮ǰżĿ޻귴ˣһħ޵ڣͽ˯Уٴ治֪Ƕ֮
ںлʶһУΪħޣҲиġ
ʹѾͷµһ׸ˡ޻˵Ϊ޻ĵطȵͻƽʮսʼɽ޵ڣиطЧǳ֮õģ˲ͻƳΪ߽սô򵥡
лһЦ
ֻҪͻƣǵĻġ
̵ĳɳǸҪֻĽսʣʵ໹Щ󣬵Ѿʥ֮ԴԺȻģεһ¡
޻˵һǹ˹ġ
˹л֪Ľĵһֿ¾˹ΪĽκǿ岻ͬûг˯ϹǿߣԭǼÿʱÿ̶ܹѪӡУսʶ޷ﵽȻӵˡ
ǽ֮ǰ˹ѡʮˣ뿪ʹɱ˼ʱصĵطѾӡ꣬ǳʺҲõͷĵ㲦ҪԽʮսʾġ޻˵
лЦǵǺѰңһҵǵĲ֮أǺ׵ģ˹Ҳ·һǵĳıӦòֹڴ˰ɣĽϾôԶˣֶӦòֹһ֡
޻һƬĽפأ
ôл
޻жϣǰӦôϢǣǰǾѾʼ׼ˣʹΪһĶĽפضһʱˣôӴֻҪ㹻֧ţɺ´½ģܹԴΪʱꡣ޻˵
лԣҲ𺳲ѡ
ĽǴֱʰ
ȻǸǾͻٵɡл͸ɭζ
ЦɣҲ巢йһԹˣĽ׼һ𣬻Ǻܽġ
˲ɶЦ
޻л˵һЩ޻ļݣ࣬ȴܹõġ
޻ͷų޻Ϣ㻯һħ޵ڡ
һУ㼴ʩչɻֶΡ
ܿŨͶɸɾﵽʲôΣл޷жˡ
лóһ֮Ѫħ޵档
ħ޵;߱ʶһ֮Ѫȫ޻걾ɱǿõġ
֮ѪУʧ
óŲʷ
ڵĿ޻һɫڸŲʷ㻯Ųʹâ͸С
Ƭ֮ǾŲʷħ޵ڣħ޵Ҳ𵭵ľŲʹ⻪ţȥʶĿѤޱȡ
˿޻ҲһݷС
ٴγҲȻǾ춯صġ
л뵽ɫ˯޻˯ԺûиһЩϹʱǰһЩˡ
ֻܿԼˡ
δϣԾɽС
ȥƺһжҪ㿪ʼ㣬ʵһµݷڣһɹͳͳϣǾлһʱ
ĵĵȴ
Ųħ޵ռָл̵Ŀʹ棬Ѿͷˣרġ
ŮɡлЦһơ
˶ã̵ʲôѽʲôͼ
Ȼʰ㣡лһ½ӵ뻳УֱͶʹתڡ
УŻ֣ᷢνĳأ׼ȷ
ȥ󣬿ȥ֪ףʮ׵ȣڱǰɫŵɫâҫţЩ׹ɲͨĹâͬˮˮһ㣬ҲУǺͬһġ
ֹźܴ
½ʮңԽƵ·ӿĺȻл̾ϲķϲԪҶƺ˵ģȥǳԪ֮ǰҲѷɫؼӵĳ㣬㹻޼ɵ赣Ԫɢġ
ĳر棬ͼƣȻͼһ࣬ҲάԪӵĸ֮һ
˱ֱͶˡ
ԪڹŨѾ۳дһ˿ʪĸоԶ׼ﵽһ̶ȣ۳ˮģǾͿ뵽Ԫжôۺˣжˡ
µʱ䣬аճսʡ˷ܵص
лЦЩ޻ܹӣѾ㹻ˣȹ֮̾󣬱һֱ֮ܲܰӿսʡ
Ҫ˵㻰Ŷϲĵ
лһЦ̽۵һѣôƭԼŮء
΢죬һۣȴûпڷ
˱չ״̬


1544  ȭ顾һ
һչ״̬һϵ
Ƕ·ľһ㣬ǺǳĻƳÿһΣŨԪǰҵķš
ŨԪл֮£ӿ塣
ٴνȫĹ̡
֪Ԫֻάּʱ䣬лץÿһʱ䣬ģϵԼս
أ
Сʱ֮󣬺بлǰͬһűֽľ谭㱻һսݻˡ
ɵģлͿ߽սʵľ硣
ûͣԾȫţϾѵãҪ̣ҲҪԼﵽĽս۷弶ܹһͻƵģϾսʼͻƣǷǳѵ飬лﵽŽսʣҲûʮİտ԰쵽ġ
лȹԼľ硣
ÿһͻƣûȶ֮ǰս׵侳ģ̫ˣÿһߣͻ֮󣬶չһʱģֻлʲôطͷΪ޻ʮսõģԪĲ̫ڳ㣬лٶʼձųĵز
֮ѪõѸ͡
УһĹлһҪ߽սһ֮ĸ߶ȣǿɲǰһݣǴһҪ֪ӵսлԣÿһսһӡ
ԵٶҲ˿ռˡ
̵ǽڵϣԪʥ֮Դڵľʥ껯֮꣬Ƕһлû뵽ģѪҲڰ̡
˶෽̵ٶȿνǸӾˡ
Ľսʣɲ߽ͬսʣÿһҪҲ࣬Ҳǲʹܣǰٶȣ˿϶ʵķ񣬼ÿһӶԼ
ʱһĹȥ
˶Խ̬ٶȲϵš
ͬʱѰˣҲѾҵĶлˡ
Ľפôôҵл쵰ĶصĻƾǸҵġ֣첻ˬĵ
˹ǿǷֿжһķΧҲСֿĻᷴһЩ
˹ǿˣǵɵ֣ȻŤͷͬһͷ׺ݵĶǶ˹ǿˣֿ˭֪ʲôıƣĽפأߺߣҿɼǵã߰ڼ顣
֮ǰΪʲôǿģжϣ㲻Ҫ֣ߣһҪ㣬Ľأ˹ǿŭ
ۼ˾Ҫ䶯켱æϣˣˣҲҪˣѰлҪţҪֿжҿãĻǷлҲûġ
˹ǿ˵˵ô죿
ͷһá䶯Լ뷨㽫ųȥȻһϵ£˱ɱлֻǿˡ
⣬ô졣֣
˹ǿһü̫󡣡
֣ߵĵͲҵлѵ㻹һǸƲɣ
Ҳգôɡ˹ǿ˳ڴڼ䣬κ˲ÿ׵ķΧڡ
䶯֣Ȼᷴԡ
кˡ
ȴû˷˹ǿ˸ɭ亮⣬ĵģлҪҲҪᣡ
һ׼׵˹ǿ˱жˡ
˹ǿ˵ĽƲ룬䶯֣һ
ҪΧлʥǵΪβͬ⣿ָֻ֣ƽֻҪһƲлƺ侲ĺܡ
䶯쵭ĵһܹ𣿡
֣ˣ
£ҾͲлˡ䶯ЦˣлǺһģͷϹģ˵һģ
ʲô˼˵֣
д˿ܣҵ鱨ʾлǺս졢ֶһ뿪ģˣ˵أѵûи䶯췴ʵ
΢һ룬֣ͷܣлսթȦס
䶯֮⣬һ㣬ã˹ǿ˻ĺ𣿡
Ȼᣡ֣Ҳ룬˵
ĽȻܺǺǰ󲻹ʱ䣬ûıƲŹ֣ǵ˶ܵɻҲиӦͷһΣѾôΣҲȻģʱ˫ʮһҲƿǳһ򾡣䶯Ц
Ǹи뷨ڰжš
˴ǰȴлġ
ʱ䣬ת۱ȥˡ
лҲѹ
ʱ߽սʣ߽սʵĻϣǰĿȥ󲽣Ѿ൱߽սʵ֮˵ٶ֮죬ԼЩ̾ͷǲһ㣬ΪƸΪꡣ
뵽ͷ
ͷôԶԳֵĻܹٵǿأ´ͷԽʮսʼǿߣʮУѾŲ֪ٵˡ
ҲҶ϶ӡŽ壬壬壬ʥǿģӦòֹһԽʮսʼĴڣһҲĻᶼûУ֪ıӡˡ
ԪҲʱʼˡ
л̾һǳȥֻһµʱ䣬ϣֱӳ˽սʵľء
ڿ߽սʣﵽĸ߶ȣѾˣҪǻˣ֪Ҫʱء
лת̡
һһԭлΪһʳĽս۷弶ģһ֮ģû뵽ھȻԼڳսʡ
лʧЦһǵ͹ʥ֮Դ
Ҳûţ̵սӿ̵ڣں̵ĶȡԪ
Ľսʺս۷弶Ĳ࣬ʮݣοл߽սʶ֮һæ̼ڼٵԪӿ̵ڡ
ҲǾ̷ſңٿȨ㶼ллæԪ
һࡣ
лԪתΪսǶ߱´ʣڱǶܹתΪľˣʶһ֣ٶȸ죬ֻգۼ䣬ͳͳɾ
ҲԸĿսʾ磡
ȫԪﵽսһ֮ĸ߶ȡ
Դʹתǳױˡ
Ҳﵽ˳Լжϵľ磬νǴˣɴʵл޲ϳȥҰ˽սʴսһֻ뵽޻˵ģзĽıΪҪǾʹתһá
лһţ̶¡


1545  ȭ顾
ʹص·ʮĵطһ޴Ŀռ䣬ͬǣ˶ĵطĵģûһ˿Ԫ·һ㣬лҲûпһŵĴڣҪ˵ʲô󷨸Ľפأǿ޻õļ䣬ɡ
⿰ء
ԪûУʾڲͬ
ֻǵõһ㣬Ծģ޻Ҳ֪ģлСĽĶԴ
ΧֳһĹΣöػֳܸ̱֮Ҳǵ٣Ĳ鿴ΧΪĽڣ˵̶Ѩ
һ飬˲ûзʲôΣڡ
һжôİ
ûʲôν󷨣ӿãǾôɵǿռڵһ̨档
̨оס
˸ɴֱӷȥų̂ס
Ǽ̨ˣһ޴ľʯ
羧ʯ̿Ǿʯ̲סѿڶ
лҲɫ֪࣬ܶһЩҲϵó羧ʯ
͵ħȽ⣬ûʲôҵͨûңһʹõ龧ʯΪңν龧ʯ˵ħħϢɵģܹģϾ֮Уȫġ
ɾ֮У龧ʯҲǱȽĴڡ
Ϊÿһ龧ʯе龧ʯѿģҲ˵Ҫȥõնֿ龧ʯĴС龧ʯӤƴСģܴﵽȭͷôģʶɺס
ǰǿ羧ʯһ׶೤һ׶һ׶ߵһ壬һûзѿ
羧ʯܹģܹӵôһ羧ʯȻǺƵģЩǿԳֲſԡл˵
̵ô˵޻ȡУ˵ǰƺĽϵˣ羧ʯ֤
л˼绹ӰǰѾ뾡취ǰϵѹͷгĽ壬Ȼͼƽϵģɴ˿ɼǿı̬ƺȻɵ˼硣
԰ҲоˣƺܼɵǼɵʲôأ˼ڿ⣬Ҳ˱ˡ̲
Ϲ˻ʧ٣Ϲʥʧ٣Щǣ˵ǻʲôطдԶʥʿʼϹ˻ʵİ䣬жʧٵأлЦ
Ŀõͷֳ󷴶һȳ룬˻Ҫûɱ
Щνʧٵˣһֽ磬һֱŬıĵ߸硣
ˣҲ̫ˣҸо¶ʮ֮һο˻ʵͷ꽵˼Ļ͵ϮҲ˻ȻûдﵽͷǸΣȴͷ˵
лǾͲö֪ˣܸо˼ΪǴ˼ݱģǱô򵥣Ī򡣡
ͷ⡣
ܹ˳̶ȣ˵һȻһҪˡ
򵽵ʲôأ
ͷк壬ƺҲΪɵ
˦˦ͷЩԺлڲǿôʱĵĻ羧塣
Ǹ
տ޻˵羧Ľĸڣݻ٣ٵĽѪˡ
ʲôָ羧һֵɫΡ
л͸羧壬ϸȥҲȴܹԼӦһ˿΢
ͻͻ
΢Ĳлǽе׾ȻҲ˼¡
лΪȡ
еǺεȴڣǽǷһıԴףרŴʹκȻ׵ģ׽û뵽ν׶ôĲһ㡣
羧ڵȻԴ̼׵Ĳ
ֹһ㣡
Ӧһ׵лĽפĹؼڡ
̵ʲô׵ôǿ״ɵҲʸɡ
лҲˡ
׽֮л־òܣĻͽɫݣ׽֮ҪƽĴƶҲܹ׿񱩵ĳ棬ʱ˼磬䶯Ź֡
οսɫƺõһУʹû˵׽гɹģ׵࣬ɴδгɹġ
ǵĻʲô
лԺвĸһɫ磬ɽһ׵Ľɫ硣
׵йذɡл
̵ʱԲŵĵף
Ҳ˵ã׵ĻǾؼǿؾͷõҲǿԵģͳʲôȷǴɡл
羧ġ
ֻ羧̺ŵ֮ɢˣڵҪӦþǳ׵塣
ۼ̶̳Ҳ޵ĺܣԲŻʹѹػš
лְ羧档
䣡
һεѹȻ羧ӿ·Ծ֮ϵϣκַ
һεѹлеĲ
ǿѹлͺ
ʲô׵ôǿף̾ȵĵ
лЦһΪǣڿӦòǣΪѹǱȡʹõģ˵ѹںǵ׵ģֻǶʾ·׵вѹˣҲȷһ㣬׵Ӧײ֮ܵӰ׷ĳɵ׵
˵֮˳˼
̼״Ҳû֪лӦ뵽Щʲô
ʮ֮л۾¶羧ڵ׵һ˿Ц⣬֪ˡ
ʲô̴ϲ
лĶµһЩϣпܳΪĶѾģƶϳģδ֤ʵģойһ׵Ĵڣ˵ǿ֮һ׼峤յһе顣
ˣ
һڸɬҺЩؿлܹͷϹϵǾԷǱѰġ
ʲô֣ʵ
׻꣡л³֡
һֹͣĸоȻ֪׻ζʲô׻ꣿʴһ۵һԾΪǰϹʥʲֳ׻ꣿ
ʣ
лȻΪ׻д˳ɾ͵ģ
ǰпһżмصģ˵Ϲʥʵͷһɳģ˵ʱ򣬱ϹʥԶԶ˦±Ϊǰģû뵽õ׻꣬ɱ䣬ɾʡ̼ĵֻǵĹżֻᵽ׻꣬ȴûϸ׻굽ʲô


1546  ȭ顾
׻İֻ֪Ҳ߱˵ľлҲֻǴУ֪һЩ׻İ塣
ν׻꣬ǺŽܵϵ
ףؼµĴڣ˵ܹзһĻô׾ԲܹģΨؼȻɵģ԰꣬Ҳܹγһס
ֻҪһ޿ƥС
˵׾µĴڣҲκ޷ȥշģͷǲġ
γɣġ
ٶǰγɣʱ˼磬͵ħ綼ܵ𶯣ּضɽݣӵĩٵļ󣬺׵γɾŲٰ֪ľ룬Բ̫ǿңˣ֮ڣҲΪ׵ԵʣЩ׷ɱ䣬һˣǰǿǿ߶Ҫõ׻ꡣ
׻֡
һ׻壬˵ͷܹٳ߸߸͸һϣڣʶжѡ
׻γɼʷǳǳ֮٣Уûἰʲô˵õذ׻꣬˼ǰʵõˣȻʵõмǼаģҲȥжϣΨԼ֪ɿֱܹ׷Ϲʥʲɼʵõ׻һ㡣
һ׻꣬ǾΪɵģ׻߱κε壬Ϊ䣬γĸ䲻ܺ񵶵ȣȴսʽ
лǡǡһûء
ȭףп޻Ļܹﵽսʽĵزܹõ׻ĻǸǿˣսġ
תΪ飬Ҫһϡл̡
ʲôʵ
лҲûԥ꣡׻Ѿ߱ɾʸ񣬵ǻһ޻꣬޻ļ𣬿Զ϶׻γɵߵͣǶ޻Ļ׻γ飬ܹΪ߼飬һüȭ׳Խսʼļ𡣡
лĻ̲׹
ꡭ˼С
൱һֽʥ֮Դڣģ̵ǷԴвȡһǿ꣬Ǹδ֪ء
ã̲˵Ҹռһ飬ҵõ꣬ȴʥ֮ԴľŴʣ߼Ҳ޷ģи뷨
˵л
޻ʹתȻ޻ȫɣҸоӦһЩлڣһ꣬ںҵѪܹһǿꡣ˵
лһð취
˵ѪȽ⡣
һӵһѪİȻ˵һʥ֮ԴѪȻʹϵһ˿޻ȫԼһЩ귢ǿģںѪȷһļʡ
̵ж
ʥ֮Դطؼģʥ֮ԴȻ귽൱̶ȵ˽⡣
лһԵȴԸ
ڴĿţʱĿеļȭףܿϣԼ춯صİ񵶣սļǾͲԵˡ
Ƭ̱֮㿪ʼ
һ˿˿üļĵŵΣֱžʼɢ
лڴĿš
л̶е㾪ȵ鷢ˣͷռܻδȫɢһƲлܹ꣬޻۷ʱڵ֮һͲˣ˭֪ǾŵȻܵĳǣһ㣬Ȼͳͳ羧ȥҽ
һлԺꣿ
һ䣬ʹ羧ڴһͳ˻͸ŲģƴţһģӰڳ
ǺȻ꣡
ֻǳı΢»Ը̴һΣգǴ羧ڣǾźˣҲһ˫ֵģȻиĿܡ
ֻû뵽ȻᱻٶȾ
лǳ΢Ҳл֮ǰƵǶǿĶ࣬۷ʱٷ֮һ˵ԶԶлֵˡ
ʹһжǵжԵġ
ܵĴ̼ǾŵȻֳ״ͬ۵һѹ
ͬʱ̿ʼڵõӴзһЩ̫ǿһһϦܹʥ֮ԴȫɵģҪ
һꡣ
лͷѣܹŽǰĴڣǿĴڣȭ׳ɹϣڼ
̱Ǳֱлꡣ
漴Ϳ귢˾ޱ䣬ÿ̵ͺȵѪ
δ䣬ȴһѪ
лҲ
ѪǱڣ֮Ϳ꿪ʼ仯
羧ڣл
Ͽת羧ڡ
ԭѹ羧壬ȴǺκεӰ죬ǱԸĽ羧塣
㲻Ҫȥˡ
ֻҪűԣǱȻı׻ںһ߽㹹һͨ巺׹꣬ҲһЩʶϾȥ̫ãʶ˼ѾϾˡ
ӵԼ˼ʶ׻ȻҪƿӡˡ
ǺҪл̶֣羧㿪ʼѿһķ϶бѵļ
ǡ䣡
羧峹ױѣڣһͬ׻㷢һҪڳȥлһЦ֣ȻѹȽȭڣǿں
ֻǸողʶ׻޷ܡ
ܿˡ
ٿȭףȻޱ䣬û͸¶âȴǡǡԽսʽַâ¶ĲΡ
ȭ
ҲóȥˡлЦ
̾ǽս¹ң߰˽սʹ㡣
ĿԣлЦ
ӦûɡЦҪĻҿ԰һŶ
ģлϲ
̵ͷȻ
л˫չɣҪҽһ·ڵ
һ£̵ͷлĳʱһ죬ץ˹ȥҸץˣʵˡ
˵ЦУӵðˡ
ر֮ϣȴǡǡ෴
ڲٿͷһ˹ǿɫҰףΪ羧屬飬׻걻ȭףΪ飬ͿĽפڶűըű飬ͷһѸٵɢӵʱ䣬ͷµһҲ׵ʧ
˹ǿһҪĸо
䶯죬֣ΪͷµһоĽפؾһ޴ĽҲ֪ģƾ㣬䶯֣콫ܵҲаһսʤģֻһĻͽ¶Ľפһ޴ôͻһ壬Ϲǿע⣬ȻٱĿܣܹõ񵶺ۣȫֵãƺҪɥʧһеƣʲô޷õܷһδ֪
ҵʱл̴ӵð˳
Ҫˣ


1547  ս춷أɱɱһ
ʵл̣ͬһӵðĶֵͨΧ
Ȼ಻ԶɱϾұ˴Ҳ˵ԹԱ˴˲Ǿܽģ˹ǿͳ˧ĸ֣ҲŴԼİ׵ľ룬˵ϮԮȶҪһʱģо˹ǿûа˽սʵĴڡ
л΢һ£Ƚ˹ǿ˵
Ȼ֣죬Ҫ˹ǿ˱ϾĽ峤ȻǰܹĽϵ˭˵ǲٴأ˹ǿ˱Ҫвġ
˹ǿ˵˲٣ȴǾ
ÿһĽ˽¶йӥЩӥǱҲ൱ˣֻǶԶûгɳҲ൱ĽսʵЩĽҲǺǿĽսʵľ硣
΢һͷ̰ڿ֣ĸлᣬɱ֣죬
лȻ˹ǿ˸
ʧȥͷһ˹ǿ˸޷ʩչ˵ڿʼȥܹס
ôܣôܣлȻҵ׻ڣ޻ѵס𣿡˹ǿ˻޷ǰһУЩʧء
еʱлȻ
һӵðȰ˹ǿ˵ǰżȭ׵ȭͷž˵˹ǿ˶ȥ
峤Сģ
лˣ
ȷֵĽĸǣͬʱ
ʧ˹ǿҲȻѹȭͷѾǰ
صʱ̣˹ǿ˼ͬʱ˫۽Ҫлȭͷ
أ
˫лĸ첲
лЦһ΢΢һ𣬡ءһ˹ǿ۵Ĳҽһ˫۱лӲˡ
˵Ĳʱֳˡ
߽սʣ˹ǿǳߣ൱߽սһʵлĸ߶ȣټսǶ߱˶Աȣ֪ǵĲѾʲôĳ̶ȡ
˹ǿ˵˫ۣлȭͷһغȥ
峤
ĽĸǶˡ
Ƿ׷׵ĳһʱĵ⽣Ӱ׷׵ĺХ
лһػֳܱ֮еĹͳͳĵֵ˶ȭͷҲص˹ǿ˵λ档
꣡
ѡ
лػ飬˹ǿ˱Ҳ˻Уɳȥһײ߰Ľ֣߿ձը
˹ǿ˲
ǰҲǰӵʱ䣬Ǳߵ䶯֣˲ŷӦ˹ǿѾնɱˡ

ɨĽ֣лһʩչ˺þûжõԴ
ʮսƾۣ
ʮսлڶצģ춯صϯеĽ֡
Ľ׵߽սʵлŶʮ౶࣬ûκεĵֿοսôֲĹ
ڵսϯһС
̼䣬Ľȫһ
ʮսУл߳һ㣬ΰʮսеĸӵΰ
лֹȻһ־Ͱǽ鷳ĸлл㰡䶯Ц
л䶯죬ЦǾͽ׼лɡ
ã䶯һ֣վŵİ˽սǰһ˽ս̶ﲻɡ
ɡлĵ
ǵİ˽ս̶ԣȴƤһ͸һɻѹȸУͬε籩ϯȥ
˽սʵɲһܹܵġ
Ȼ˹ǿ֮ǰųǿսܹ˽սʣǰλ˽սʵսȴԶ˹ǿ˵ܱģ̫ˡ
ֵҵҲ֣Ц˽սʰ滪ҲǺܺõ
֣ߵ˽սҲǰ
˽սͬʱ
Ȼ䶯Ҳã֣Ҳգǲǵһ˽սʲлĶ֣ǵлߡ
ʧȥͷµһлȥġ
Ǿһ˽սʵʵɣǿɲҪʧŶлЦ
˽սɫһ䡣
ЩŭȻл֮ǰǰ˽սʰ滪л˰УȻ֪лʵΡ
֣ͽлҰɡ˽սʰ滪ĵ
̶ԣ΢һͷ
˸ص㣬̶صٶȣ̶֣лߵĻ滪δܹʱסл̶ٶȳһİգҲǷֹ
ģҲܵģҪܣھ뿪ˣҶܡлƲƲ죬
лƶˣҪ֣֣챬ȵ
滪˫Ŀллûж񵶣ҲûнԼó
Ŀԣͬʱ
ˢˢ
Ǿͺһ⣬Яž˵ѴأգҪ˵ע£ײһ
Ҳײһ˲䣬лüëһ΢΢һΣǾ춯صļȻʧתΪһ̰ĴڣǷеĵڶʽ
ˢˢˢ
лӰȥ˷ɱȥеֱǰ˽ս̶еɱ䶯һһֵĿ֣ķ򣬼ˡ
лıڣ滪ǸӦˡ
ڰ滪ֹһ˲䣬лͬһĻһӱ˹ȥ
İ滪һͬʱǰͻԱֶΣֹлӱһ
һȥȴץ˸գʲôûץҲתƳлӰ֮Уһĸоͷ滪ѿڽе֣Сģ
˶Ӱҡҷ˶ˡ
һƬ֮УлӰҲʧӰ١
ֻлĿֱָ֣ȥ
Ƶ綼лӵ˼ޡ
쵽˵ۼ޷׷ĵزǴŶ֣ɱ֮ĵģΪ˾е񵶡
֣켱æ
ıԲ֮裬ԭѾɱΪսʼˣͬ

ಣ
л߽սʵһ˵սʣսʶ޷ܵģܹ˴նϵġ
лնԲ֮ʱһŨصϢȻ֣ǰŵٻڴݳӲǰ֣һ
֣
ǸһڵĹؼʥ֮ݳȻǶһе
ˣлȫһԲ֮սʵҲ̫ܵѹ֣һɣԲ֮սʵַɳǿ֣˫ۼѣѪӿз·ҪˣѪͬߵķһ㣬ɳȥ׵ľ롣
лͬһ㣬ȥ׷֣ɱȥǴҪ֣͵նɱġ


1548  ս춷أɱɱ
һ㲻ڶ֣ߣܹ֮ﵽԭֻ֪һŽܵϵǵлħ֣Ȼĵ׾Ȼһܵŭ
Ȼʱˡ
ΪʲôΪʲôҲ깽Ϊʲô֣ҵõ˻ʺʥʵĴУȴɲ쵰Ķ֣Ϊʲô֣ͷлǳ˲ĺŭ
ˣŭԴͷָл˼Լ⡣
ʶûγ񵶣֣ǲģΪʲô񵶲ǱŸ߹Ѫ֣Ҽ̳˵õ
ģ
һ̣֣·оίܵĲƽԼبδеĵز
뷨֪ĻƶŴˡ
õ֣Ҿֱ࣬һ壬壬һȵ֧֣õ޾ĺô˵ĵõ˻ʺʥʵĴУ֮ˣȻڸеԼίҲѹ֣ÿÿлʱŤˡ
Դл֪Ҳֻ֪һͷɱ֣죡
ɱȻ߶ȫս
սλգȭⶥսʼļӳ֣ת֮ڣǵõǿ֡
˷ӳ֮£һƱɱһ
Ҳл֣ŭһ
ˢ
âͨ͸أصն䡣
֣ȻˣﻹֻֿĿһţҪΪ롣
ݣ
һĺХȻڸ߿
л͸оǰδеΣ۽Ƴڸ߿֮ϣһ֧תţһ֮⣬ֱָüġ
ʱһն֣죬϶ԡ
㿪һҲǲܣǱƴɱİ˽սʰ滪Żİ˽ս̶ǲġ
˭
ла޵ͬʱҲֻεѡǶ֮ˣȴŨŨĺ⡣
նɱ֣ĻѵãȻƻˡ
ڻ̣
ڴͻȻһ֣죬Ҳŭлһתϻת
꣡
âͶʣ̺ǿһɨֱӽնϣͬʱҲתٶȲĺɨȥһػڰ滪֮ϣ滪ֱ۷飬ֽӳȥҲƺһ󵹷ɳȥ
ͬʱŻ̶һȭ򵽡
л̽ͬ̽צǿսɫĹθ棬ʹͬһֻ֮צ
أ
һ±ץס̶ȭͷ
лĿ侫⣬ȭױһžâȭûи⣬սʼǿǹ͵ģǲͬ޷ʣܵƣȭڵ׻űģǱ־֪꣬ǿᣬлĴ߶֮£һ׵Ӽȭڱ̶ȭͷ
꣡
У̶ʹһ󵹷ɳȥ
һս֣ն˰滪̶ת˲ı֣˶ЩĿɿڴ
֮ǰлǰ˽սʵĶ֣ڿɺãһսռϷ硣
֣٣
У߿մһٵٶȴ춯
лͷȥ˵֣ոأûӵһӰ̹Ȱǰ
̲ĸı乥ˣֻ
ˣսʵǽͬ;׵ģһ̳գɲǼ͵֣ǰ
Ҫ˵֣ûˣҲδ̵Ķ֣ο͵Ϯиĵڡ
֣Ƿµٶ
һεĽ١
ݣ
춯Уһ֧ٶͬĿ٣ͣĿ̶ֱָȥ
лһ̧һɨ
ž
δȴһΪһ³һ±̵ǽ̲Ѫ˵лĻУһлնϡ
ͬʱ滪Ѹٵƹл֣챣
֣ĸҲ׷ӿ
ɱ֣ƣƽˣƻлֶεģǸ߿֮ϵ֣ǵڶȻĸԧ˫һס
л̧ͷ߿ա
ֻһһվ˿ȥҲʮӣĺζͣŨü۵ģһһ˸ߵĳһƥͨѩ쳣ֻ˫ͬһ㡣
壡лǱ־Ե˫ɵ뵽һ壬Ž壬壬ʥ岢ǿ塣
壬Զ֮壬֣ҹħȵĻôҹħ߰СƨǶʮǿʢʱ̵֮꣬ݡ
Ҳӡİ˴֮һ
лΪǰ˴ϹǿֻʣĸĴ嶼Ѿû뵽Ȼô£廹ڣ弰ʱ֣֣ľٶѾƹŽǣʥһļ֣档
ɻһס
һټȫϹǿ߽붫ô廹ɢ棬ûǰȥأ
Ӿɱл֣쿴ǿߣҵ˾һ㣬˻
вŭġ
Ӿٵĳ񹭣ңָлһҪɱл˼Ҳŭл
̵磬лҸɱˡ
΢΢һͷ˵һࡣ
ոպлһξ룬֣켴һ߽սʹɫ߽ս̳ɱ̣ҪлҲð˽սл޷ȣ̵ľ磬лҲƾսʶԿ߽սʵģҪ˵ˡ

лһɨ
⿴һʵ򰵺߱졣
ݣ
߿еǿ߰˽սʺӾ̳תţĺХһ˲䵽
ͬʱ滪̶˽սͬʱŻ֡
лһսռһϷ磬ǸолǿﻹҵӦս
꣡
ۣ
ǵֱն߽սʵ߽սǰһ˺ۣҽг̵ǽһ߽սʵĺ䵱
߽ս
أ
лץһѽץסȵĶǰԼʮ׵ľ룬˿
Ŀл˸߿˫֮ϵֺӾսȻһžꡱһǺųܹ䴩һзлһץ顣
ǿƵлͬħһ㣬ڷ޷ԶǿΧһŵĽɫĹâ·һ㣬ϵļȭ׸ǻŵĵ⣬лֻץ׵磬񵶸ǲʱһʮ׳ĵâ
Ҫս˽սʣ


1549  ս춷أɱɱ
ܵлǿƵĴ̼˽սҲ񾭣ͬͷųǿѹԲ׵ķΧڻΪ߽ս۷弶ǿ߶޷ǰһܵĴֵѹȡ
˽ս̶񵶳ʡ
˫յǵܳ΢ܱ˸ɭĺâ֣˵һ˾ͷ·ʧˣͬһҪͱ񵶣ڱ˵ڣڸоУ̶ȴͬڣֻһģûκ˼񵶡
ǰ˽սʵʵ
Χ߼״ҲǺȻѣѹ˵˽սǿߣΣֻܹ
١
˽սʰ滪еҲбָأ˶վıֱһ㣬ûһ˿̶ͬһģȻҲһ˻ΪΪ񽣣о˿˵Ϣ
ɴҲɼ滪̶ʵ൱ֲ٣ǰ˽սеʵɣָոտ˽սʵͣ˷ȫ汬ԼǼ˽սչֳİ壬˽һ
ϡ
ڸ߿ĿˢˢͶݸ߿ա
Ǳ쳣˫ͨ巺𵭵İɫΣ˫չ·ǰ˽սʺӾΪһ壬ΪṩǿӾǸ˸оΪһŹһ֧Ҫܹһ㡣
˱֣˳ԾСǺӾսҪ̶Ͱ滪ǿˡ
лȴеİ
ǾǺӾٽ˫
޵ͨⲻϹʱѩ֮ʥǵҲܹѩϣǸݾѩҲͬľѵ˵ѩǵõŽģ
ƶȫȷģֻѩѾ̫ˣѩĵյֵ֪ܶ
һս
˽սʵҲﵽ˾˵ĸ߶ȣγɵѹͬϹħɽѹлȥ
ۼ˾棬֣ٶ¶ЦݣޣȥǳӸù
֣ٷģֵ۾ֺɫ߽ս۷弶ֲ޴Ӧһûжã粽ȥ
ӽ˽սʣ̸սʣ߸ûκεĿɱԣ֮ͬӤʮ꣬ġ
֣˾ԡ
ܵл޷ӦսСȴޱȵ˽սиԶ̹֣зģͿ⵽Ĵ
һĻɵ϶֣ܿĴĳ
˽սȻĳ
ǵľעǵľѿıֶΣ֣ݲͬˣҲֻϣ񵶣񽣣ͳͳָлǵȴǲ޳ֵһ˲䣬ǵĻᣬ֣һɱûжġ
̹㻹ҪҿԹԵ־ܰɣƾòģ֣ٻῴġЦе˵Ҳ֣˼л޷ȶӦս
ɫŲޡ
ǽбָأһ˿˿ǽתͣû֪תüļʥ֮Դ
ͬһʱ䣬лҲ¶һĨǳǳЦݡ
˽սͫһʶؼʱˣһӱޱȵĽţΧ۵ЩսǶҪϢˡ
֣춼ס˺۾񵶣һͷԺвϵ֣ȡۣɾͣ
·𿴵δ߸ϣ˼һУǽ̤磬֣δ˭Ҳ޷ֹ
˽УΨв޵ĽŲԵøĴ̶΢磬űɱĽѪζ̼ǵ񾭡
̴Լ׵ʱ򣬲ͣס˽ŲŤͷлȴЦеĶ˵̹㻹㷴𣿡
ȫ̵ľٶ
սʵ̣л񵶣߹еģ̫ˣľٶûκ˵⣬Ͼ̫˼Ҿʱ
شȴл
ǰɣȻҪΪĵʯǾȥɡлĵ
ҳϣҲлĶ֣ô޹Ц⼤ŭл˽սʻᡣ
лʼ磬ңɱ㣡
ƾҲɱһҡֻû˵ûɵĸоһ˿ĪΣ
ȻŤͷ̣ͬʱԼ׼
ͼ̵üķһΣһصͼڳˣǾʵӰ׷׻һۼһ㣬Ȼȥ
𣡡
һ춯ش̵üļ䴫һֱޡ
ףţӶȥ̣޵ķ֮ĽͣǴӦѵ
ĻᶼûУֻǿһĶƱγǰ
أ
ʥ֮ԴһιǶơ
ഥͺƸֵ˱ֽһǷĶƱ㳹׵ˣֱӶ޵üģԺȥ
޵ʬ廹δˤֳۡ
վڲ֣߰ĸ֣һ߽սʣսʣսʣһûӹˣгսʽλƫֻǱҼ磬ͳͳһɱ
һ£ʱˡ
˽սҲ¶һ˿΢ľȻǳ΢˸оǶŵлȴز׽
ս״̬л̵İȫΪʥ֮Դֻʥ֮ԴӲô׵ģԭʵֻ̫Ҫиᣬһʱ𣬱ضãһ߽ս۷弶֣ʻ˭ҹȥùͷǻֻܷһεʵҲС
ʶлľޱȵƽͬһ㣬֮ڣֻ˽սʣ
вһ˿ʱлˡ


ֶʩչҲлľٶʮлͬʱǵС
жʮֱƸ߿еǿߺӾ
ƻ˼īصĹأ˵ʹޣǷŻɱֶ֣ΣȻˣлɱ졣
ϡ
˫˫측֮ķУϯлеӰ
Ӿɫ˪ңָȴлС
Ƿеһ˲䣬лٱ䡣
֮Ʒ磡
רŶԵһԵʩչģʷ϶թģΪֱӾȡ˿ռռ˲ưģȻܶ࣬ɵһԵˣԶԷ֣Ͼлٶ̫죬Ҳֻһ֮󣬹ףˣףֻܱΪǿлжϣƷӦǳδȫ㣬δȫء
ˢˢˢ
з衣
лӰҲͳͳɢ
ӾͫǰѰĿ꣬ﵽ˶㣬ֻһɱ
Ӱɢлȴûټ
һ򹥻̶Ͱ滪ڣҲûлټһɲоͷҲһ˲ĹлȰںӾı


1550  ս춷أɱɱġ
񵶴ǿֲսȻ
ƶն
һתƷ϶ǴŻԵ
Ӿоͨ˫ȻǰȥͬʱӾŤʹ񹭺ֵлһ
أ
ػǹ֮ϡ
һǿֱӽӾ޲˴Ӹ߿ŵ׹ȥ
ݣݣ
滪̶״ͬʱ
˷·񽣺񵶣˺գֱ߳ҼллֹӾ
лǷһ˿Ц⡣

Ƶ磡
ٶȵıƴ˭졣
⼸ûκεлٶȰԽԽǿžԲ磬ʹﵽһĸ߶ȡ
ˢˢ
ǾͿĹлı󽻲лǲֹһ㣬л½Ƕ
лҲٶȶźӾնȥ
֮ŭ
εлǻΪһħɽɽĺأбɱķ֮⡣
㱼䣬Ŷһָо񵶺һǰ滪̶ӾȻߣȴûеİ
ֲĺӾֻܱٶùֵ
˫Ҳһ˻֮ϡ
ںΨһ
䣡
һĸͣǱŰлͬŭطѹƬء
һ֮£Ӳǽ飬һڣǿսӾĶһ潻棬ڵغȻǺӾ񹭡
ս٣ʸߡ
࣬ʵ͡
˴ײѷָߵͣҪԸļӳ̶ֳˣȻֻǷӳһҲһļӳ֣ټϼȭ׸ȫӳȥһ±ѹǹӾĶĺӾ˫һҪѵĸоòס񹭣֣ҲĿѪصĵ棬˫Ҳ뿪Զȥ
أ
лһòһ½񹭸ɨС
תţ׷˫ȥ˫أҲתŵǰ޶ַ
޶ΪսԶս
սɽֶӣʵлյĶۣȴƫƫĵ
ԶսǹĪ⣬ɱˡ
ˣʸΪϹ嶷ϹǿѪ塣
񹭵ĹҲ˫Ĳǰӹ
ǿʵģĸڣһ˿սͱɱ˵
ۣ
񹭷ӹȥһŶͷ˳ȥ
ͬʱҲ޶Զսľַٿ֮£бԶ裬һԲֱϸ߿ա
лҲ˺Ӿƴķӣ˫൱Ĵ̼ǿСһ𳤴ģ׽ˣȴлЦ
Ӧóʤ׷л֪Ҫƴ谲滪̶ɱԼĻᣬȻȻ³壬תΪзȥ
ǡð滪̶ͬʱɱ
лȥ˱ˡ
˵٣ݺݵնлҪֽлػһΣҲóһڶһʼлٶǴѿĺܣҲҪһνѵ

ǵľٶõĻӦǿЦ
лٶȱѾ˾ȣʱ򣬾Ȼٶһߣﵽ˼߽ս۾׷ϵĵز
ˢ
Ȼ˽սʵ棬һµĵڣӵм䴩Խ˹ȥǵ汬ķâҲлػֵ֮ܵûаӰ졣
̫ˣлӹ֮󣬻ǲһ¡
滪̶·𱻵ڳһǶ⡣
߷Ҫ
Ҳе㷢ˣٵֹסΣ׼׷лͿл߿գҲǡ÷С
ž
˵һĻˡ
ûгʵ񵶱л棬һ׼ص˽սǿߺӾ
Ҫǿߣ
̣
裡
ע⵽˺Ӿ˫ǱӾɱģúӾ񹭣ɱǴǴӾǴ򰲴滪̶Ǵ䶯֣ǶĴΪ
壬Υ˼īصĳɹ棬ս۶򣬽ҾҪأӴ˳ԶлȻ״̬
Ǻ֣ˣоವð
ǵһθо˿־塣
влǿϵѹһܹɱӾȻ²ĥӰҲлͬİ滪̶˿ҲелˣǿܵõǰŽսʣߣӰҲԴơ
ž
滪̶ȫˡ
˵ĵͬʱ棬׿Ÿ߿елȷĸлǾҪ赲һ
ͬʱӾҲ̽ó֧
ԭվ־棬棬˵ϣ뿪ֻԡ
лһ˿Ц⡣
ʱ򣬲ǿ˵սҪҪķˣǷܹһɹҪﵽЭϵĸ߶ȡ
ֻһлȷ˹
ƶն
תƷģؼһǣ˶Ϊһϵģųʱ乥Եġ
񵶱㿪ʼлĴ߶£Ϊ˵ʮ׳ĵ䲻ʣ˭Ҳ֪лβ񵶣ܻᵣģԶʣǲġ
ȭ׻񱩣ƣӳ档
ű񹭡
Ҳ񹭣֮϶ı˿սʼ
񹭵Ҳ뷴
񵶵ѹˣʵǲ̫ˣ뷴Ȳһķˣֻܱıǿ
Ҳ
ļӳ֣
лĿԽ滪̶ˣںӾϣ˶ס˺֪һˣʤһ֮䡣
ಣ
ɿˡ
񵶾ͬһ㱬ȥһ±㽫˺ѿˣĿռҵĲţķԲǧڵĿռһĻ
˺ѿռ䣬ͬʯͷĳһ㣬ƾճ֣йƯʣգлһƬصƵأη֮ġ
Ҳһıȥ
ɱɱ
滪̶˶񱩵˻˵񵶺񽣽һ㣬ǵעǵ֮ϣҲһӭ񵶿ųȥ
·ĺӾ˫ǰĶ񵶣ͬģ֣䶯ǽһֱ˶ţǵõУںΪһתΪԼ֮ʵͻͽȻʮ㣬ɲлȻճĽսʱ򣬲ʤ󲻹ʱ䣬оɱ䣬һٴ˽սʣնɱһˣ˵״ζҡˡ


1551  ս춷أɱɱ塿
˵ڴͽУ˽սʵĵײһ

һ촫ͬ޶ҡ˼վȣҲһ״ɼײжôֲ
ɸ𾪵ǣ񵶲ûסһӵʱ䶼ûֵܹͱ񵶳ȥ
˿˰滪̶񽣺񵶾ȻѾˡ
Ȼ䣬˲뵽һ飬Ĳ࣬ʲôǿͷҪƴĳڣżһ飬Ҳܹή˵ģٷ
ȻĻ˾˵á
滪̶ƺһͬʱҵɳȥڿѹֲסǻڷڵѪѪ
Ҳʹ޼᲻ݵȻɱ
ϲַ
Ӿӿŵϣһĸַκ˶ԣҲҪס
𣡡
Ӿ׳Хһ۵Ĺâ
һ±񵶵ǰˡ
̼䣬ɣŰ˷һźâɢԲǧ׵ķΧڣҲӾҷ裬ɫͨ죬ҧ˫۶ʼˡ
Ѿﵽ˼ޡ
ȴǿֲľˣԾɱȵҪˡ
Ӿͷлٶȿ˻һѪӲǰ벽ûֵס񵶵Ĺ
ˢ
أڵϡ
˼æӾͼĿɫȴͣ˫ķ£Ծץ֧˶оˣӾѾˣֻƾһվš
壡ӾңԶĶ漴Ϣȫޡ

󣬺ӾԾ˫ֽץ䲻İվδ£ͬһ㡣
лĿźӾò̾ϢһǵˣӾֵýύѣֻϧ첻꣬Ϊˡ
Ҳӿн
վںӾǰΧ˾һ𣬲֪лҪʲô
źӾ˫ۣл̾һȷάϡ
˵֮ĿһۺӾ
Χ˶Ŀ֪лʲô
лһ£Ȼ뵽ʲôһὫ˫ᡣ
Ļ䣬ͿӾѾʬ岻κƶȻأǣһ˫۾ȻҲˣϹһĨ͵Цݡ
ȫ䶯
δ̫ˣҲΨӵʥ֮Դ̲ԼܸӦĵǺӾľﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȣϵάͶ԰۰Ȼһ߲лδڣлĻ˵˵ϣһƲлŷִ
Ҳһʾ˵ľҪģ
ڤڤУһĸо·˿ԽʮսʰƤë
ͬʱǵ䶯ɫȻʱ˿̣䶯оɭɭ⣬олĿֲѹ̫ǿˣ̫ˣĴ̼ɣʱ˿̣лһܲˡ
һ̣䶯олĿ־壡
һ̣䶯컹о֣ɭ⡣
һֱ֣쵱֣УֻһǾлˡ
о֣ա
˭֪һϹǿ߽붫ǹŽĵһ壬ҲҪԴϾһ̫ĴڣǷһʮֻأ߱׵ķˣаɱɵʷˣκһǷǷʶһսϵϹǿͳͳǰ򣬸ҲĬʱսҲĬĶûЩյϹǿ߲սڶ֮ǰֶϹŴǿĸ֡
֣ƻ˸īصĹء
˽սʺӾĳ֣ǡǡΣлɱ񵶺ô֣Ȼ䶯֣Ŀʼһڰİ˽սʺӾڣôΣ䶯춼Ҫ֣һֻлǿ󣬷ɱ˺Ӿ
뵽֣ƣ䶯ɭɭĶ֣죬ڿлͺӾʬ壬оΣ
˽սʶǶ֣˭赲лɱ
䶯˽ս̶һ֡
̶ҲǴˣ񵶶ˣлʵæˣͬʱǵĸҲ׷׵
Щ˾ۼһ𣬽䶯Χм䣬˵Զ쭶ȥ
Ȼˣ
ǰһлֵģȫ˼ˡ
һߣʱ֣ٶΣС
лҲķŹ䶯죬룬޷һֵĻʵǿ˽սǣƣǿһ£أ
γϵ񵶣лһӡ
Уһӡ
һ̧Ӿ˫㶼ǸڣȻ˫һϣΧʯһ򵥵ķĹ
лȡһʯٵնһ£һεʯдӾ֮Ĺлˡ
һϵеľٶޱȡ
ɵģ䶯뿪ġ
֣֣ԺӾЩģԭǺӾˣ˭Щ⣬ͻлӵɱɵ䶯Ȼ֮󣬲ɵôһ
䶯֣֣ƻأǾͱҲǵԼˣˣ
˷ٵ뿪ˡ
л㻺ᵶ֣졣
ͬҲǽҪ֣죬һλԵĴˡ
̣滪ˣûģлЦ
ЦӦⲻ󡣡˵䣬üļ俪ʼʥ֮ԴͼڣһĨĹ֣ƺһεɢ˰滪һֻ֣Ҫж⵽ʥ֮ԴĿܡ
ʥ֮Դж󣬷Ѿ֤ˡ
ֻһɨ߰սǿߣǰ߽սʣǷʥ֮Դӳǿǿ˭Ҳ֪֮һ仰ʥ֮ԴǷǿźȺ
滪ϸʥ֮ԴΪǸǾʥǾʣõģȻֲ
ûаˣлٶȣҲɵǲٸֻҪע⵽ɳɣԻֻɱģлĪٶȣӼɵлˡ
л񵶣ڵǰȥӰ滪߲ͼ滪ȫ񾭸߶ȼУ񽣵ֶڲǽŵģŲŹ֣Խ֣Ȼ֪лܵл˳һȻһɱܣ̵ʥ֮Դȴɽ˵ġ
ҲֱʾĽţӿȥӲĻعԭе㶯̳Ľ̬


1552  ս춷أɱɱ
л滪ߵʱҲһ٣ĶһͣͿ滪۾ͫ׶ˣֹͣץ񽣣ȫļⶼˣ˶ͬʱĻɽҲʾŵ̬лȻγĶԱȣҲʾ˵ʵȷ̫ˡ
˲Ҳ˶ġ
ãло滪ܲסʱǲһ˿ζЦ⣬ڵǰȥ
ʱ֣Ѿ¶£ȥ棬һȺ˵У߽սʣսʶһЩʵҲ൱ǿ
лԽЩ赲֮˵Ŀ⣬֣졣
Ϊ£֣עµҪȴ֣ϹŵһĨЦݡ
Ц˿ͷֱֹ
лĶͨȫ濪Ҳδʲôֻ΢һͣ٣ᵶǰɱȥ˿ûнЩսǷ
ડ
Ľڵ棬𶯵Ĵҡÿһһ׵ĽӡһƴӽӡΧɢȥһƬʯܵ𶯣Ʈлϥһµλ÷裬䡣
ҲһâڵϻһĹ֣ŻĽĵһ㣬֣ǰͳͳ¶֮ɫ
ܵлѹսǾȻͻϵغˡ
лһս˽սʣնɱһ˽սʣһĻѾǵӰ
֣ȴŭˡ
ҲȷѾʼɵлˣǷģ֮ǰȻлѵŹΣȻҪһӣָɵлȴĺ£¹麦£֪һζЩսʸ޷ӳģı͸ʩչˡ
ŭ֣һ£Щսǲһҧ׼
Ǿ𵶽л񵶻Ȼ
ˢ
ûʹãЩѾӰ߰˳ʵӲսǣûʸʩչˡ
ֻһնȥһƬıͲҽ
֣쵲Щսʱ㱻ҷɵȥǵâ֣ʱ򣬲ûгɢһС֣ȥ
ǵһ˲䣬֣ͻȻ¶֮ɫžͿٻͻأӿһɫĳצɱȥһӱ㽫ǵˣԴݿ֮ƣ͵л

һ
ǳϢлͷһӽɫͰõĹڶһݣǺ޵ģҲӵıһ㣬ǾǶһǱѰΪɫδļ䣬ǱȻǾ춯صģܹ컻صĳأϾޣ׵ȵãܹ֪ļУһȴ֪ޣѾһĲ򵥡
ħ棬лԶһඥǿߣҲûиоǵ˵Ĵ⣬·Щһĳһ㣬ɶȴޱȵĴ⣬Ҹӵۻ롣
һ仯лʶһԶûԼô򵥡
Ҳţһᡣ
أ
Ƕػ֮ϣ΢΢ҡμ£Ƕ㳹׵ɢˡ
һײʾಢ
֣һǰٻ£̼䣬һŨصӿȵӿ߿֮лӴӰبʣͷл֣¸һƬţƺĳ
Ҳŷ֣ĵ͹֣ˣл֣죬ɭɭĵȻ֣⣬Ҫл䶯˹ǿͳͳ
ǰӾڵĹа˽սʰ滪лʵ߽սʵľ磬ô˹ǿ˽ͷһض޷룬˽սȫɽնɱôʣµľ֣˽սǿ߰滪ͺӾصȫԽ˹ǿ˺䶯ɱ
֣֮
Ϊ˳ɹκֶζʹá
ߣҺ뾡취þֶβŽӾû뵽Ȼٴƻҵļƻ֣ҧгݵĵ
лĵᱻˣҲû뵽ɡ
ἰһ㣬֣ĲѪƵ飬û뵽лȻ˵Ŀֲлȴл׼ᣬɱ
л̫磬ֻҪҲһɱ㣡֣
лƲƲ죬ĵһܹ𣿱˵Ǳ嵽ǱǰҲһ
˵䣬лٶȱһӱ㽫֣Щָѹȵķ׷һԵˡ
Ȼһܹ׷ΧվΡ
Ǿ޴Ӱˣл֮ǰһҪлȫң㣬ɱЩһҲǱԹޣһѪʱǿҲΨˣҴﵽ˵е۷徳硣
лԺȻֵǰͻȻʧһĻ㣿
ûң벻ɣһ壬ң˭֪һհûпҵõģȴһѣ˶һӰЦ
Ȼħɱֺηл񵶡
Ӱ¶һĪЦ⣬֮սҪ֮󡣡
˵꣬αĸģ
ߣûôףл˵һֱӳɱ˳ȥ
ȭǰʽһ𶷼֮ŭ
һ˲䣬лΪһ壬˵һ׵Ʊã¶Ϊ֮ȻʧɫʹĽפضҪѵļΧЩ֣ĸֳ߽սʣͳͳı߽սŵðƴӴãã֮С
𣡡
ӰȻûϵлȻ˹ǿ
һһǰγһΰĸɽɢۻѹҪ赲лǰ·ߡ
ͬʱٻųӾ˵˲佫֣ҪǿʩչһֶΣ֣ת뿪
˵һͬл䡱һͽǺبǰΰɽײķ顣
һĨĵҲٿȻ
𣡡
ӰѸٵĲ֣죬춯ص
ˢ
һĨĿĹâҫ
лֱӶǶĿĹŶ
һƬѪ档
ʹ˺ͬʱ𣬽֣ƾʧӰˡ
лأĸӦĶͨȫ濪Ҫһ˿һһϢȴûиӦľԵģӦ񣬼ȻûУǾͱѾ뿪ˡ
ȴлоĿ¡
ȻȥҪɱͷǳѣ˼ھնһռ廹൱һʱ䣬Ǹʱ򣬲µʱ̡
лʱ֣죬ĿĽפϣһˣ֣İ˽սʰ滪


1553  ʵءһ
滪Ҫû뿪ˣûелһ˴ս˽սʣɱӾһлĥӰÿʱ򣬾ͷ·𿴵лĿеޱȵĿ־壬һֻҪһ£ҪĿܡ
Ӱ
лǰ޷վ
ʼնǣţ˵Ǳлεѹţûѡߣʱ򣬲ٽţȻûߵĿܣǿˣֽһӣĿлһӡ
Ҫһ֣ߡлҲܸɴ׳Լ뷨
Ҫڼ֣ߣŶһȫ̳жռ壬δ鷳¸Ҫɱ֣Ҳѣɱ壬塢һļ룬֣Ѿǿ󵽣һһϦܹԸĵزСĽĶԴ
Ȼл滪Ͼǰ˽սʣſ֮Ҳޱȵǰ˽սʣǿ֪ޱȻԻ͵δʱ䣬ɾͣԸߣˣлľȥնɱ
ң滪
а취ֻܷǡ˳˵䣬üļʥ֮Դͼڱٴ
滪ɫ΢䣬ﲻ֪ǷĲҲ˵̻ڴһӡܹһ˲䡣
Ҳͬأ滪
䣡̵ĵ
棬Ҫл˷ѿ࣬˺ֻܶ࣬Ҫȥˡ
滪ԿЦ
лѹȷû൱δﵽһ壬֪һأе֪һܣһԽʮսʣ˼֮ԲܵʮսʵİأҲԼµһ㣬֪ԴӰǰ˼Ѿʼ׼Ҫ״˼Ϊ޵δ

̾һ滪۾
ˡ
϶ʥ֮ԴһӡǣԴ˰滪㶼̵ƿ֮УҪҪ
ӡǶ˵ǸǻһоͿˡ̵ĻöеĻİ滪Ȼ۾ʶ̻л
̹⻰ô̲ûн͵˼滪̲סѯˡ
̵ʥ֮Դṩһֹۻ֪ǱΣҲܹﵽʮսʵǱҪͻʮսʣֻǾлˮ£һӡǲͬǾӡ֮һҵʥ֮Դδɵʥ֮ԴΪṩŴʹҵɣ幵ͨÿʹͻһӡǣһƿأŴʹľ磬ҵľ֮ɾͷĴڣһ磬ԵԽʮսʡ
滪۾
Ȼ֪ѾûбҪ˵ˡ
ڣøһЩյܵʱˡ˵
滪ܣһϹ䣬Ұҽг˯֮ǰеõĦһЩоͰźĦµһЩԵء
⻰˵лЩ⶯ˡ
Ħˣǿǹϵľܹ˻ʣϹʥʲĵʣ֮ϹʥԵļʻҪǿ˷ģǰа۷ʱڶԹ
Ħû滪һ仰Щϣȴûл̫е⡣
Ħ˴ǰ
л
ڿˣǾͱܸȤ滪һ˿Ц⣬Ȼ֪ʹ֮һãܷŹҪŬ֣Ͽ
ʮսӵǧ굽ǧԽʮսʣɴϣ٣޷㣬ûгԽʮսʵ˵ֻսģ߻ħģҲ滪˵
ֱ˵Ҳ̹ԼҲǱԼкܴôġ
л̰ͷ
滪˵ȻҵõƷвû֤ĦѾ뿪˼磬Ǹµɵ㣬Ħ˼˻һ磬ȵڶͷ֮ˣܾǺĦˡ
ܹвͷȻʵѾﵽǳ˵ĸ߶ȣѵ˼ֻôļ˿Կʮսʲɡл
Ȼǡ滪϶Ļش˼֮ʼԳּܹԽʮսʾǿߣԭģݺĦµһЩԵ˼ʹ˲Ϊ֪ıʹ˼֮ˣһﵽʮսʣͻܵǳƣȻĻ˼糬Խʮս֮ˣѾ֪ˣǵħҲ˼ͬˡ
һ˵лȻ˽ɫνʹʲôˡ
滪˵ģ˼֮޷ͻʮսʣΪΪĻôɫʹҪƻı
滪һ仰л϶˽ɫʹˡ
⺣Ħ˻һЩֻƬ˵˼Щֶ֮˼統ʱһλҲӦƽֻ֮ϧת۲űԶʥʵõԶʥȴֲ֪Ϊѡ뿪˼磬ǿԿ϶εģĦƺҲֻ֪ƶϣ֪ǷԶʥʣ˭ѾֶΣƽ˼ıԲõĽ˼ؽ޷ͻʮսʵƣ߱翹ʸ񡣡滪˵
ȷܹ
ܷԿȴһ£Ϊʱ䣡
û㹻ʱ䣬޷㹻翹ֻһЦܹóĸոտԽʮսʵĸ֣֮δ˼ԭ򣬱Ͼͷ֣Ϳںܶǰ˼ģ֮ǰֻԵ˼ҲȲѵԭɡ
õĺĦܣл
滪ҡͷ˵Ļǰˣûʸȫĳ˯ûҳ˯Уﵽ˽սʾˡ
лͷѡ
ⰲ滪Ȼڳ˯ͻƵľ硣
Ҫ֪κһ˯Ļ߱սʣܹѾǳˣзһ´ֻذıԴ֮˯Ϲǿ߸գʵЩ˰ٷ֮ٵĶѾȥģΪĳ֣ûģ滪ȻֱܹΥ˻
ҵõ˺Ħµһ㶫֮󣬲ŻģҲӵıһ㣬ĦӦ˼ͻƵʮսʾ磬뿪˼磬ģŻƻ˼ж滪˵
л˵ʵڡ
滪ûʵŲıƵͻʮսʣߵľ磡


1554  ʵء
ʵвıƵ
ֻһ仰ͱȥ²˼绩Ȼ綼𶯵ģҪ֪ıɽ˲֪׼ֻڰǰԶʥǿжϣ֮ʮǰǿٶ¼ıִģлܹ²⵽ͷȵȣʮǰſʼӳĳ˯ѹġ
ʮ굽Ϊֹŷ˷ظĴ仯ܹһħ繥ݵ
嶷һƲлشıлԺֻǻЩصδܽ⿪ǵҪ빥˼ĻƺҪ˵鷳˼ж϶ܣҲԲ籾Դ֮ɢ˵ƾͷֶΣһͷܽ⡣
˼ıҪ˼ô򵥡
߶ܹӺʵڵõĴ𰸡
ʵ
תתȥл־Ȼлعԭ˼
һνʹʥʱʥͻȻǵĿǶԵʱʥǣǣ֣ӣתƴ£ĺʵΪֹûз£ʱл;ʥŲɸ˵Ŀġ
϶ķչǵĿǺʵ
ٺл֪ˮ֮ʥĴڣǺʵڲ뵽ǣʥ֮ˣҪµ
Ͼʥؾлµģʥؿûʲô뷨
ֱ֪֮ǰ֪̫ˡ
Ȼ滪ܹͨõһЩƶϳʵܣôʥѵ֪
лԺиɽҶҵӰû¶ȻҪء
ɽȻƿأƺûȫ׿ư
˵ܣ֮⣬ʲôл֪滪֪ĺʵЩˣ֪һĻµҲѡĦü˯ˡ
滪˵о֣ܣǵв壬һ壬һ֧ص⵶
ʲô
л𾪵ͬʱѿڷһ
⵶
ƲӦ̫𺳵ĸ֣ǷһЩ֪Ϲʥ˼ħսܵˣͶ֪⵶ĸζʲô
Ǿ޼᲻ݵ
Ϲʥһ֣֮˼Ԫˣħٶ֣տʼʱ˼ȷ޷ѣʱʸɳһʿ־֮ʿͬһ⵶Сӣ಻ֻ࣬ʮˣʮ˶ǽʮս۷Ĵڣ߱ǰ㾳ĳǿߡ
Ǳͬһļ⵶һ㣬صĲħֵڣӲƾʮˣħǧˣָ赲޷ǰ벽ʮ⵶ȫûʮǰǵõشħ統ʱǿһ֧ӣųɢġ
⵶֮岻֪ô֣Уѡʮ̳ǵ壬㲻ģһȫ̳УδɾҲǽʮս۷弶ģο֮壬ҾǱѡеʮ֮һ滪˵ֻǻδʽʼֻǽӴһ㣬ҵжϣ⵶֮󣬷˾ޱ䣬֣߱ʿһ벻ã֮һ仰⵶Сӣ֣µ廹Ҫ£ǹжᰵˡ
뵽֮ǰ֣־ٶѾõһ֤ˡ
⵶Ǹӵˡ
һֻΪﵽĿģˣǸӣˣΪ˴ﵽĿģԺ֣ûпܵġ
лɱˡ
ʱĶͨһЩɵüͷһ壬Ǽȥͻ
˵֮ҲѯʵĻᣬڿնȥ
գۼ䣬лǧԶһɽۣ֮վһˣʥаʥصҶ
ҶֹʲôءлһھҶϵ⡣
ҶȻ֪л˿̶֣ޱȵɱ⣬ȴй鲻ˬʱ̣ԼùͷˣȻҲԼʵлǰֵһᣬҲֻ͡
Ѱлֵģ´Ҷûһ˿ŭ
лĵʲôܹҶ
ҶȻʥˡ
ʲôл
ʥ˾ٿᣡҶ
᣿
ȻǺͺʵŽܵϵлһ˿ЦʥѾͲסˡ
ԴӸʥسǴһʼͼıǺʵô꣬ȷҪԺʵˣҲѹ֣һֱŵǣռʵģȥǸԵûеóѣѹıʥˣƾʥǣǺֻ֣ҪһٻȥϹǿ߻ 飬ϱһʥҲδ֪ģǾֻܽŷһټϹǿ۶ʱ䣬ƶǵĺᣬǶԺʵİռ
ȻлҲϣںʵвɸ˵أϾ滪ֻǵõһ㺣ĦµֻƬƶϡ
ҪɽŪĻͬʱҲǶɽһδϴȫƣȻҰжɱҪɽҲ԰ıơ
ʲôʱٿ᣿л
Ҷشʱδлʮ֮󣬹굺ֺͬ顣
굺
л컹֪ģʥ̫Զ˵ĺȣܹﵽʵһεģʥʥ˾ȻѡΪֺĵص㡣
ã׼ʱл΢һͬˡ
Σѹ˼ÿһ˵ͷ
˴˶Ҫһ㣬ǾǲֳܱҪȲвңĻ˽ڣΣա
Ҷֻʲô𣿡лҶû뿪㿪ڵ
ҶʥһҪһ仰ϣлܹƣǰҪ˼ҡ
л˼⺣ʵ棬Ҷ仰һӾͽлĶڸʥһֱΪǣ߸ϵǹŭ˳
ȻŤͷҶһǿƺȻѹȹȥ
һ̣ͬһɽѹȵҶ
ȥνˣ˵л˵ģʲôȻƿ˼˵Ǹʸ𣡡лĵ˷һ壬û˭ʸ˵仰ʥȫսҲҪԿףʥʸָֻŵģСģңʥˣߣ֪ߵغ񣬻Ϊʥأ˼ʥأ
仰˵ҶŤˡ
ʥأ߸ϵʥأл̤һĲֵ
ҶҪȴûеûģΪлԣʥҲδʥǵĶ֡
ǰӵˣ߸ϣͷֱӶԻо˲ࡣ
Ҷˡ
Ŀȥлɫøѿ
ΣߣǷ˼أûŽһ£֣Ĳӣʥ˾Ȼһƹ˼ָֻ̬ţǷҪڧɣʥڼ顣


1555  ټƣһ
˵ӵ˼δֻ֣Ǽʱ˼ڲĻҾֳˣƷһױȣȴֻǶϹʱЩǿߣԾΪԼС̼ƽţֻԼ棬˼ǵҪڵڶλλλġ
Եʱл֪Щʱ򣬿Ƿ׵ֻԼΪģȴûվ˼ҵȥ飬룬˾ͲˣԼֻҪŪʥһر㹻ˡ
֣ԼУܼڱϡ
л֮ͨҲƽࡣ
ع֮ûкͰ滪ཻð滪뿪ˣȡ֣ΣǾǰ滪ԼˣˣҲûʸΪ̿Ƶľʹ֮һ
л̱뿪˵ء
;У̽Ӱ滪õһõĶһֲĸл˽֣
֮˵ʥ
ʱʥ˲żüãʥǸʮвУһЩҪɢʥ׵Ҳʥ£룬Ϊ׼
عĵգл֪һЩƵİš
ƣ˼һʦܹԤδ˵˼Կϣ֮һ
԰ű衢бչء
лع飬Ʊ㽫ٻԼסڣһɲڣʲôݣͳͳվ
סʥһСɽɽһжܼӡ
겻Ѿʮ䣬ҲһˣҲӽһӣԵۣɫԲ԰ףһϮʦеǳۣ˫֮ϴǳǰƯһˮ
Сƨ겻ôˡлƣɵ뵽ǰӢ۴ӳʱƵһĻ
ʱ䣬仯ĺܴ
˷ǰ
ҳΪʦҲΪ˼繫ϵδϣͷϣ֮һˡЦ
ȻСɱϾݲ֪ͬĶ̫࣬ʦµĶʶȥᣬʵǳϳصģܿƵ䡣
˵Ц䣬Ƶסڡ
һСӺ棬һС԰ֲ滨ݣɢŵܰ㣬һСͤӣ뱸

ʲô£лʵ
ԭЦƣ۵лоһǰδеĳظС
ƵˮƮƮ棬˸ŵĹΣ·һķţǰ·
һϵǳۣǳˮʮʦѪɵģǰʮʦǲʦһ֮УĽԤδʱ̣Сһʮ˵ŬƷʦ˼ĵһƽ˵·˵һЩ޹ؽҪ顣
лûв죬ֻǾ
ظˮϵǳۺǳ㷺ǳ֮⣬ĬĬˮڡ
ͬʱյյľ֮ϣȻһǹš
ˮڵĸˡ
ãƲ̾һֹͣ˾ٶʮһ꣬Ҳʹʥ֮ұгɣƷʦһʮǿʦʵӦò£ȴ֡
ʲôл
ҵԤ⿪ʼִƫƳ
лͷȻ£ƫ
ʦԤⲢһ׼ȷϾδ飬ԣԤ⵽ܷһ֣ǴĿҲǳ֮ٵģƫȻЩġ
ԡ֣صͷ
ҵԭˣл
ˮƽĵʦʩչֶΣҵԤ⣡
ԭ̬ƽ͵лͻȻһ׹ߵĸо
ʦƵԤ⣿
˼ֻһʦ˼綼֪飬Ǿ˵˼粻ʦƵԤ⣬ħѾݣôֻһֿܡ
ĸţ
Ѿǿܹ˼磬Ȼпֲʦڣǿ󵽿ԿƵԤ⣬ʦȫԤ˼ֶΣ˼绹кԿ
˼
лĸоʦĹע֮Уͷ͸ʦˮأ·һ߿ֻҪ֣Ȼͷɱ
ʦܹñ˴޷ӻҵѰܸңȻҲɸŵĵ
лҲϾʮʦѪıҲǱѰˣֻͷȻѹһɽһޱȳصĸо
Ƽ˵ʦܹǰҶԾһ⣬Ǿ˼ʱˣǸҪٷȥѰʱ꣬Ϲʥ֮ͨʩչֶΣӲǸı˼ʱİ취Ѿƽˡ
磡лɫޱȵء
гĬˡ
Ϲʥʸı˼ʱʱǼ˼еɵģʱʣĿľ֣𿴵ʱʺͷʮǧǵǻǾ˵ģͿ˼ͨȷ⣬ͷԽʮսʵĴڣԾ޷򿪣֪ʱжôĿֲˡ
תʱ꣬Ϊʲô
ڿԶ϶ǸʱѾ֪˼ıˣֻǸʱУаʵȼѾսмϹʥ˼İȨҲ֮Щһʧ١
ĴϹʥ֮նɱлȴܲ²ĳʵˣԺϹʥʧ٣Ӧĳϵġ
ҿԶ϶ֿͨ˼ʱͨҪܹٳ˼磬ҺʦԾĹؼʤԤ⵽ֵӣǰ׼ܹҵ֣˼ԶԿϣڣҰܣգ˼粻֪޷ȫ׼пܱһٹݡƳ
ûΣ
˼̫ˣ̫ǿˣ˼ϣǾֵʱգֻҪʱԽ࣬пܳ൱ǿ翹⡣
лҲƵ˼㲻ҪΪʥԤκ飬ר־ʦԾɣ˵Ҳǰġ
ƵĿġ
ʦԾʤѲ⣬ݲðš
˼粢û߹ڴˣҲȻǰŵģҪл㹻ǰ˵أǳ֮ǿΪ˻ʥƻΪ֮ǳˣҲҪܹʦԾΪ
ʦɱ֮ǰԤ⵽¡֪л˼㻰һת֮ǰԤ档


1556  ټƣ
лĺܳء
紦Ļ˼ֶΣʶˣҲͬħһһ֣ؽһٹ˼綼Ƿǳпܵġ
Σذ
ʥΪ˼ҪҲȻĵһĿ꣬лǱͷرչˣǰ;Ī⣬ѡ
Ԥ⵽ʲôл񣬲ЩԼƽ͵ľΨбľܹһֱŷĿԣҲſܾ߱ͷ
˵ͷս֮˼Ѿճ̣ұ㿪ʼԤķΧʥɢһԤıǺʵ
ΪʲôǺʵлȻƣ֪һЩʵأҲǸող֪ư˵֪ǡ
ֱƴ
лһ£漴Ҳˡ
ʦԤʲôƾֱģʦֱǿɾͲʲô˶ܹˣʱһֱδĳ顣
Ƽ˵֪Ҫ֮ҵԺбûɵðʵ֣ͷʱٵʱҵԺлð˺ʵ֣Ҫ֪˼ƽֵʱԺԾǺʵ֣ҾͶԺʵԤ⣬ҿˡ
ˣ˭лʵ
գգۣ裡
л⣬˵ģʵǺĦ˵ӦˮϵŹǣɱǷϵǻϵģˮϵǷţ༰ģȻ
Ԥ⵽ȻͬĻ档Ƽ˵
лһ֪ˣΪԤ⵽Ĳһֿԣʶʦĸŵİɡ
ʲôл
һֽʵ˵
˵ֻһֿܣԾлоһ˿ţϾŮ˶ԣͬһġ
Ƶڶֿܾ˳ɹӺʵ߳Ӵһɳ죡
ֿܸһЩлҲףϵԼĵˣ֮󣬼ֱһǲһȴһɳ죬βţע
ֿԶڲ֮䣬˵һֿԸʶڸҵԤ⣬ұǰ˽չ״̬ǿиıǵ켣Ҳ˵Ůչصĸԭ
֮չأ϶ƫƫƾǿиıǵ켣
Ƕк¾Լ޷ȷһԶ϶Ů˵Ӧñ½뺣ʵһЩ
ʶ˿ܸҵԤԣתĿ꣬ԤδĿлϡ
лûɵ˼£ԤĽΣ
δѾʦǰ״޷δͷʦ˵ıͷرˣǴͷعһѾڹ㡣
ǲ˵ʱʼʦرҵδԤ⣬ȻԺÿһµҵֶΣл
Ƶͷ
л̲סѿҲ
ֻ߽սʣȻͷԣȻҪصģŭ
ɱҲһ㣬Ǿδܻĳһ㷢˵ɱ䣬вͷǰɱ޷δ޷ָǰȥѰǴǸδѾǰȥѰǸˡƵ
лоʵʵڵΣ
ѹޱȵɱ⣬ʶԼԺҪߵ·¸ӵļˡ
одʦҲ˼δܶԿֶǰã˵һ㣬˼ԺȶķչѾױƣӴԺ˼ķչǷֵܹ֣һδ֪˭Ҳ޷жϣֻƾ˼Լᵽˣлһ㡣
Ȼɱδһǽҿһδ˵
ле˰ɣ㿴ʲô
ƵҿڽӥͨȥͲˡ
ӥôǽӥлɻĵ
ΪеĴ֮һӥϾѽͬˣˣ״νʹʥʱĽɺĽ廮ֽޣӴļ󺣵ǿˣΨӥϾδٴĳ˵顣
ƾȻԤ⵽ڽӥͨǷζţӥϾҪͶʥأ
ϾھƾһУ˼粻дģս֣Ҫ뽫ԼȥͶУһ߻ġ
ȷǽӥܹͨԤ⵽Ļ棬ȻŷǷģȻڽӥͨʲôɱ֮ƿ϶Ļش
л
֪ǷΪ˵Σأоûô򵥡
Ԥĵʲôлʵ
Ƶǹ˼δҵԤģԷûܿʲôĶֻǿ˼ģػ棬һǺʵһǵħ磬һ򣬻һĳɽۣһ񹬣ϧδܿʲôɽʲô
лʵ綼⣬ô͵ħ绹ܳϹϵҵħ˵һģǾ嵽ĳط
ҲƣħѾݣе㲻ףΪʲôҵԤлֵħ磬ħ磬ǵһ档ҲЩ󣬡оǣЩ涼ζʲôҲھͱҪʦˡ
мʤ㣿л
̾һ˵ʵûаգںܾǰ˴ϢҪԤ˼δҴʱͿʼ׼ˣҲֻԤ⵽һǵĻѣʦʵѾﵽ޷ĸ߶ˣǿǰģռЩƣǿƽģʤܼʶռһ롣
лƶڱͷرעľء
δ·֮ΣգǿԤģʱص٣뿪ˣ޷ܵģֻȥȡһߵǾܵԼΨӵ㹻ܱס
һл뿪ˡ
뿪֮л̵ɴĸֿʼΪʦĶԾðȫ׼˴š
Щлδ侲ú˼õĶǰ㱨ӥϾͨٵǶ
ڲǰƲŸлԤ⵽лֻһ棬ڽӥͨھнӥĵǰл֪ԼǶ㲻ȥǸǻҪȥԡ
֪Σգͳˣ͸ɴˣͷȻ֣ǱȻɱвϣܶ㿪Ӿƣͷֵ಻ɱеһδεĥдĥԼĳɳ
ڵľƣ˼İ˽սʻδȫأǵвҲǲܿܣǡǡܹǱ
ԽΣգԽ̼лҪǰȥһ̽ȡԵϼԼǱմﵽߵľ磬ΨˣĻ


1557  ͨһ
ʥʹ
лʱʥĳͬӥϾ˵Ż̸۵޷Ǿǵľơ
л֣Ǳͣ»⣬׷վ
ǰн֮ڣлõĻ㱨⽫˶ȨĺĲ㣬нӥռºϾΪףȨĳϣѾȷεַ;ǳҲˡ
ЩǱ£͵ڱ
˸߲ǰҲлǰĿġ
˫˴˼
ֱ
лмϣǰ֪ν£
ӥռµҵϣʥǣ
ͬڴ˵̵ʥǸԣһ˭û뵽ӥȻ˵ôһ仰
лҲһ
ȻӥϾʵ˵ʥǣʥĴֻҪһָͷܹģǾʦڵҪʥǣҲѱرӵġ
лǷʵ̫ӥռ΢Ц˿Ϊ˵˴˶׵顣
лɨһɵЦˣֱƵԤȻˣֻһģĻ棬Ǳ⣬ҲƱô򵥰ɣȻš
˵Цˡл
ȷ˵ЦˣҽӥϾȷʥ֮ԽɣֻϹǿʸɡӥռƽ˵ڲͬˣֵлۿ
Žӥ٩٩̸лȤǱ׼˵Ǵ򶯵ģҲνֵãƵԤ⡣
ƱʦԤʱֻԤ⵽лһδؼ㣬Ȼǽӥϵͨ벻Ȥѡ
֪棿л
ӥռµһ㣬ʥҪкᣬлӦ֪ɣ
лͷ
ƾлյ鱨ϵͳҲȻ֪ĿǺһ˺Ħµĺʵӥռ¿л֮ż˵ʵҪҪһֻʥ˵˲֪˲ö֪һΪʲôʥػδ˵ʱ򣬽ʹʥѰʵԭ򡣡
ҳϣѾ㹴ȤлЦ
ӥռµǱҵĻȤɡ
ԣ˴˿һۣЦԭýӥϾЩĵģҲ滺ࡣ
ϾܹлʥǣͲ˫ģϾʥҳʮɱǺɵģһʥǣǶһĿ꣬ɱ˴˵ìܻеģһгͻҲôλ
˵ɡлЦ˵
Ǿ˵ɣŮӥռЦƳϾ
ϾŮΪһ
ȥʮӣųŮ˵ζȻڳ̣϶Ҳϵɫ֮һϮװߣջʮġ
˼
ſڣöһֺĸоʥ֮Ҫѡ֣ΪҪʵҪһǰǱкʵף
ʵףл
ûνʵףʵǺһͨµһУִУΨдδһֱںе˲ܵõǧǰʵףΪаյãаյ𣬺ʵףΪߴ󺣵õϾ񻺻˵ǿ˵Ĳף͵νĺףаյõ֮󣬾ͷһʯˣʱߴ󺣵ȻԵõһ飬
˵￴ʥޡ
ʥΪʥһӵʥȻҪǰлϺͶϱưйɣȨľˡ
ǰǵõǿ麣ףĲʯ֪ιбѣ֪ƺҲ˵
ϾЦΪõǺף岿֣ߺһǣĲֶعۼˣҲ˵ǺףУжûУʱʥҪǽˣĿıǺʵף
лˣֻ֮Ҫ룬ʵףյģǾ˵뺣ʵȡĺʥǱռ
һ㣬㹻󺣵ķ
ʵڿܹıƣͻʮսʾڡ
ܻӭλļ룡лЦ
һۣЦ
ϾŽ˵ˣ棬ȴ⺣ʵףһ档
뽲л
ϾҪлǰȥͨ
лԺиƵˮڸֵһ棬ͷһ𣬸ĹȻˣͨҪ
ͨҪлٶֻܴǰȥϾ˵
ҪʥǷ˶Щɫ仯
л̬ƽֻͣǸ㲻ͨʲô˼
Ҳ֪ҪܻλǴеĿģҺͽ飬Ϊʾ⣬кȨ㣬ȴϣȫϾ˵ķǳһӱͣ
һ£ʥǷ֪˼ͿǺˣԲŻʦڵĴȫȨˡ
΢һ룬Цˣ֪лΪʥ֮Ҫֳȣµģ˭֪ǲͶأ㿪ڵȻ˵Ǿʱסʥɡ
ҲǾ֮ǰʥ϶ǺĬģϿʼ֣ס
лȻҲ̵֪뷨ûз
ͼ򵥶ˡ
£ҲҪʥǣǵĻȻϿɵĳ̶ȸߣλϼҴǰģǵεء
󾭹飬лͨʲô鷳飬ԽԽãⵢ굺к飬Եͬл̺϶һˡ
ͬС
ͨҪлˣչأôȫֵȻˣʣµҪͬеİ˽սʣлˣ֮ΪǲֵΣԺҲ˲ìܵģлɲϣʥڲʲôìܣСìܱãҲܱҵġ
лѡˡ
ӵʥ֮ԴȻֻսʣʥ֮ԴԿ˽սʣʵǿʵһ˽սʵĴڡ
϶ǱͨҪȥġ
棬֮棬Դ
һ߱ԴɣǼĿе֮ͬһлľΪõսףǹϵֲػߡ
ͨһƷ֣ͨ飬˵֦֮ͬսʹģͨиľԵ
ͨһͨ
Ҫ϶ǰȥҲ϶ϲĲˣ˭óͨҪ͸϶ͨˡ
ͨǷͨޱȰ
лҲʹŮͬһ뿪ʥͨڵϾ
ǵӰʧںһߴʥԼǧԶĵطˮӿһӰð˳
ٺ٣Ľ巽洫ϢˣʦȻǰ֣Ԥ⵽лûдػŵļʱ㡣˿лʧķĵֻ֣Ľɱлı񵶺ۣ᲻ΧأˣֻȵĹôʲôǻȥŰɡ
һһһ㣬û󺣡


1558  ͨ
ͨȥͬһ׵ӣ֦Ҷïʢ̣ͨɢŵϢСǲ۵ӣıͷų֮ߣҲ˾⡣
ңԶлǸоڵսȻȻתΪľԵģؼεŵľתΪսĸоǣϢľ棬˸еȫ˵ͨ͸
λ£л˱Ͼ档
˵лŸоʲôŨϢ˿ͷųĲӵĴ⡣
ҲˣʹϾض滨ݣɢŨҷܹһľ綾߽ġ
лҲǸпѣ˵ľԵȻٶޱȵġ
ǵ֮󣬲û˷ʱ䣬ֱӱͨĽǰ
ˣл٣ˡϾ񹧾ͨ
ͨڳһɫл˵ǰۼбɫһߵݡ
ͨľڡ
°ɡͨڵԵĲϡ
Ͼͽӥռ¹֮ߡ
ͨΧԼǧһˣյģֻ΢紵Ҷ죬лоһǧ˵Ӱɼ֮˶ͨĻִеķǳλġ
ǰл
ͨ¶һĨЦ⣬ܴϸӦϢǰҲûжɡ
ˣǰҪǰҲûʲôлʵ˵飬಻֪߲ΪͨȻͨϵ֪Ļģʶлͨв
ˣҪû˵ֻϾͨȻ
лԾһ
ϾͽӥռŪͨĻΪлǰҲɷѿİ
˵Ĳͨ뵽֮˶Լ̬ȣһֱڴԼܹԶÿ仰ִУɵȻʧЦԺҵҪҪرһ²С
л˶ЦǵûʲôΪ˴ﵽǰҪǿɷѿİ
ͨˣ˵Щûõˡ΢һ٣תΪ⣬Ҵ˴ҪǰǰʥľС
ʥľ壡
лĺһ±һǳ壬ߴУܹǰĳ壬ھ˷ҲرУڸҪ£Ķ
ֻʥľʲôطȴ֪
ڽʱʥľûг֣ɴ˿ɼʥľǰӡҲôװġ
û뵽ȻϵԼ
лƲסĻϲǰʥľиǰ£
ҪżȻұȥʥľ塣ͨ
ǰ֪ʥľʲôطлĵ
΢΢һЦͨҾѹʥľģûбҸʲôط״ˡ

л˶˾
ͨȻµķѹʥľĴڡ
˵ı֣ͨȻ֮˿ûн͵˼Ŀת϶Ǽŵĺ᣿
СŮӵ游϶΢䣬ָֻƹһӴ̻Ļ᳤
ţһΣԴ˷صҪǰҲǻ顣ͨ˵ţһ֦ï֦ܵҶ̽ǰһеĥ̴СʯģĶǰǰһ֮µһ⣬Уܲ͸ɵõǼ֮ʵ塣
Ϊǵõһ֧ͨģû뵽ȻǼ֮µİ壬϶ɵĴϲϽл
лҲΪˡ
Զԣ϶棬ʱҪԼģϾְҵʷзǷɾ͵ʵ̫̫ˣûʲôĶʶһֱл϶Ҫﵽĸ߶ȣʼЩ̬ȵġ
˷νǸ϶һׯ
ǰ֮ʵΣл̲סѯʵ
ݱʵƶϳ˵ļ֮϶δĳɾΣƾ츳жϣҪ˲ġ
ͨΣҲ֪Ͼ̫ңԶˣƾʶһЩָҵĸожϣǰļ֮ʵٳԽʮսʣﵽľ磬ҲȷЦǺǵĿ϶ܹȫ⣬ұ͸㼸⣬аǰɱµһ⣬ںɾͷǰļҲǲܵ顣
϶̣һʱ䲻֪˵Щʲôˡ
϶лǰлЦ
϶ŻȻ򣬾Ҫл
ˣžңҲδر˵˼Σ֣ҪЩ˿ٳɳԿҲӦõġͨŰǰ֮һʯ϶С
У϶ҲǼѡ
дһ⣬ȫ٣߾硣
֮ԳΪͨ飬ܹѰһЩǿµĴУؼͨͨ˵
϶Ǽġ
˭֪ͨͨب֮һйţ˽սͨɱʮսʣҪ֪һֱǶûԽս˵ܹͨ˵٣Ҳɼͨķͬһ㡣
̺ͨ󷨣ͨıԴУɱһǿߵĹáлѯʣ
ͨȻһЦͨȷǱѰ֮ԴΪؼף磬ˮٸһǧ˰ʮ󷨣֮ʥˮɾ͵ͨ
϶һæֵǰɣһѾ㹻ˣͨ˹أҿɽܲ𡣡

϶˱֣ͨЦ
ãͼͨر̰ģǼŵĺᣬܿɹ󰡣֧ͨ°ɣͨɲ˵ܵģƹɳɹҲ࣬ÿζ·֤˼һһ㣬ϴƳǰҲƳһ֧ͨǰҲ֧һƳ֧ͨǵһΣͨ飬ͨ顭
Щ̫л˻һ㣬ͨ϶ԺΪ˼սŷǳá
϶°ɡл
϶ͷӦ
ͽ֧ͨͨȥۣܲͺľһ㣬ֻУŻų֮⣬ʾ
϶ͽ֧ͨķ
Դӵбվż֧ͨνսһ֮µļ⣬ȻΪȵ
һռ䣬򡣡ͨ˵
϶лѰ
лȻ⣬Цŵͷ϶ҪŬŶ
϶Ժ󲻻ٵ׸ˡ϶˵һлȻĻĿУԼ׸ǹؼ
ָͨ£϶Ǽռڿޡ
ܾԺĳأҲһȻʧɫʱ
϶飬̣ͨļ챦ľ飬飬ʥ֮Դǽõȫ֧֣ͷľ磿


1559  ͨ
ļ챦лȻޱأΪл֮²ŵõģɵΪֹûнκһӳȫãܹӳĳɵˡ
ľİҲʼһ֪С
ͨἰı˶Ǿһ̣е֪ͨηӴļá
ǰߴͽ̸̣м̴ϻ۾̡
ͨЦСѾͷǴðɣܵôıгһգҲʹĿǣָһ£˵ԺҲһЩҲɾͷǷ֮ء
һֱлнΪʹǿҲǿʹĳڣҲֻһ룬δõЩڵϿɣ˷ͨĻڵδӲ򵥡
ǰҪ̸ǡ͵
ͨ˵ļ챦ÿһиԵúص㣬ǽΪɣ˽İףۼǽķ̶ȣԽսʼҲֻʱ⣬Ȼܴﵽлǰ㳬׵ľ磬Ҳе
ǰսʼǷиǿıȼлʵ
񵶲ǳԽսʼ𡣡ͨЦӦΪֹҵˣ֮⣬ͷıǹҲսʼģֻԽ˼ƷսʼսʼĴڣţҵõһģļУƺ֮ΪսʼʶսʼҲֻǳġ
ΨһԽսʼģ񵶣
лѹͷҪۺˣеԾսʼֻǱ֪ķǳĶսʼҪˡ
ǽӦΪսʼеؼͨ飬Ȼνͨ飬ʹѹƣκʹˣǽǰʵɣгһգܹʥ֮Դȫӳϣǽܹͬȼʹ壬ԣͬżһ㣬޵ֿԺǽʹľԿˡͨ˵
֪ǽܹʹ壬ȴû뵽ܹ˵زɴǽͽʹˡ
ʥ֮Դͼ򵥶ˣֻҪľ㹻ɷӳãҪʥ֮ԴԽԽǿҪϵ꣬ıԴܹﵽıԴȻǿʢˣǼǲܵģڴﵽʱԴѾǼˣĹأͻƵģֻҪ磬ˡͨ˵
һŬ̴
ǾͲȡˡ
ͨʣľˣľ飬ҿ԰㳹飬ǾͱȽˡ
˵Ĵ˵Ҳ֪һЩ鵽ʲôȴʼոоģɣûаͷлҲоʼǸоŶƤëͺǾǿһ֪ڣȴץסġ
һİ壬ҪŮķܹƽģһƽ⣬Ժİ˭ҲֻܿԼȥᡣͨ˵ұ㽫ľ鳹
̴ϲ
ľõĵһ˵Ѫӡδʱ򣬾Ŵߵʼն׷ڣŵõ֤ŴߵƵȷܹ˴ذǰھһѪҪ󣬱ŴǾеħѪ˲ܹõߵƱǾѪ˲ܹϿɣһõ֮ΨнһѪܹȫãĻڳΪħ֮ˣʶʥеõЩˣûмѪʶҲʼ޷ӳá
ľԵħıԴ֮ΪƳģ󣬻ܹħĳϵõħֻҪΪﵽǳ̶ȣɸӦĴڣܹͨľѪ˼ģǾŴߵ˼ĸĿġͨ˵
Ҳ˵ŴߵƵĸǵħµĴˣл˵
ͨˣѪӡ׽ѾˣѪͬľ顣
Ļ䣬һɫǲнһӱ㽫̸
ű㿴̵üļ両һöӣľ顣
ľ黺תȡͨͷŵһ㵭Ĺ˸š
ͨͷų۵˵ͷȻͺȵ
ˢһ£ɫӿľڡ
ž
ľ鼴ѡ
̵Ľ΢΢һ֮ͿľѿһЩƬһڡ
Եʣлһ˿΢ϵ
ܹԼĸоľƬ׷̵ȫڣԭ̵Ҳһ㣬ɳľ̵֮ʱٵĸĽȻлĵһ壬仯Ļ̵ȫȻͳͳͨʮֹ
֮ԺֻҪŬɣھпѾױ㹻ȻͻƣҲôѡ
ľ˵ԭ֮ͨ·øӵ˳
лǰ̸оı仯ϲѡ
ͨЦľİǺܴģ㵽ɣȻͨлһܹʥľ塣
ǡ̵ȻԸŹֿĻᣬлƤգգۣڿն
ͨһ֦Ľ¡
̲棬֦Զï֦ܵҶڣŨϢڣʼȫ
Ѿﵽսʵ̣ȻϣͻƣսʣһУܸо˵ضԼİжͨһ˿΢Ӧ̽ϲôݸлġ
лҲͨڸֵ˰ɡ
ʥľǰҰĲҪȡ˼ȨΪǺޣ뽫ʥľһȥȴֵħͨ϶Ĵڣδħܻɱ˼磬ʵʥľľ˷Ȼ˼ģ¸˶ԹңһЩƷʥľѹһռСڡͨҲϸ˵
Ϊѡǰлʵ
ͨĵΪҴڵʱ̫ãԽ档
ԣлɵõɴ۾ŵĿͨοܣʮǰڵģͨǱ滹ҪĻΪʲôʮǰʼͨʹδε˼ģս
ͨ˵һлΪ𺳵ĻҲδ͵ħֵʱΪδδԵʡ


1560  ԭˡһ
ͨʱΪԶɶ϶ͨʵҪԽ棬ǿʮսʵĴڣ
лĿͨȴĴ𰸡
ͨĻشֻһ仰򣡡

˼ڣǱ򣬱˼ôӴ½Ǻˮʮ֮һȻҲ쳣Ӵ浽״ʲôһֱһա
ͷͷЩɵġ
лͳ˺棬ֻһֱûл򣬶һΣƻ޵ἰлʮս֮ǰòҪǵʵ̫ɱǵʲôأ
򵽵İ
֪˼ͨƽ˵ǵ˻ʺϹʥʵ֪֮Ҳ뷨ϣ֪ľ
лǰܷ֪һЩ飿
ͨЦȻˣΪѹйĺ棬ľ仯Ҫһµġ΢һͣ٣˵㿴ңͨȫֻͨһظģͺñһ֮ɳһ߱ͨļڰǰͨڵľΣҲǺֻܹԼϵ֪ʵѾﵽǷ߶ȣܵƸ󡣡
ꡭлЩ
ڰ꣬ʲôҲִʸ˵Ȼ˵Խʮս֮˵ţлҲΪһܹ꣬ȻҪгµĳ˯ſԵġ
ʱ䣬Ҵһ֮ɳڡͨЩпĵܵѹƣҲͿԽʮսˡ
һ仰⡣
ͨʮսʵĴڣ
ܵĳѹƣʼ޷Խʮսʼ
꣬ҵжϣǰӦѾﵽǷĸ߶ˡл˵
ͷǰĴڣǲܴﵽģұϾֻһ֮ΪģǳԽʮսûġͨش֮ҵĴڣҲǰǰԭ򣬵ʱԶʥз˼ĴıȻҪ赲Զʥʱ˼ƻճɹˣȴҲ˲صĴۣħʷԱͨһɿԺԶʥһս֮ĳڷ׷׵׹⵽׼ַѹ׷ͬʱͨ˼ǿߵķҲЩǷ׷׵Ľ˯ֱʮǰʹһ˴ͨ˼ǿ߶ƣԽʮսʼ½Щ˯߻ѣһεִնϰĴı
ԴлŽıһ߸
֮ǰҲԶʥʵжı꣬ȴûгƻԶʥȴѾѡ뿪˼磬֪١
ԶʥôҲȷŲΪ֪ˡ
ǰ˵ǰһս˼ǿߺǿ߱˴˷ӡ˶ԷҶ綼ƣлʵ
ˡͨЦ˵ħȽϵùΪʱʱѾ˼磬͵ħ粢ʱȻڼ鲻磬Ѿ޷ֹ׶ˣԿ˼սҪ̵룬˼ǿԣħħǿֻȵħ磬Ƿн˳˯漴˼ǿǾָħ½ƣǺʼձʮսʣ˼ǿ߻ƴУҲܾˡ
˼ǿ߱ΪɵΣգͬģǿҲͬҲ˼ǿߴĳطɵĽƣԴͽһ΢ƽ׶ΣҪƽ⣬ֻһֿܣǾͻʮսʡ
лЩп
˼磬磬ħƽ⣬˭ͻʮսʣô˭ȴӳ˯ѹȻռȻڿˣʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ЩԽʮսʵǿ˵ûʱ䣬ȴԸǴݲüı
ʮǰһʹ˳ɹͻʮսʼǵ˼ǿߵĽͱƻνĽ˵ˣǽıԴﵽһƽ⣬ǿһѣܵ籾ԴӶɣͻʮսʣǴǸƽ⣬籾ԴõǿǿǱȻѹ֮ħ˼ǿߣԾܵơͨ͵˼͵ħǿһЩ֣ʮ֣ƻڳ׽Щ֣ǵٴֱǴģˣħ类ݣֻΪǰħħûϹʥʵõĦ˵ָǰ֪ı׷ɱ˼ͨӲꡣ
˵лȻɫ
ʶڡ
˼Ȼܾˣƺ˼ռȲŶ԰ɡл뵽Զʥʡ
ͨȷ˼ռһϷ磬ΪʱԶʥȻΪĳԭ뿪˼磬ȴƽ֮ǾŴʥһֱʮǰűҵ˻¾Ŵʥ¾ŴʥĿҪһԽʮսʵĴڣ˱ɽɢ˼ռ ˼ƣҲ޷Խʮսʵ⣬˼ʢҲǿ߶Щ˼ǿߵĽƣֻû뵽һԼĽơ
Ҳ԰ҴӶ嶷õϢǣڲͻƵʮսʰҲǱͻƵʹ˰ġл
ʮǰѾ˿Խʮսʼ磬һӹɵģ˵ҲģţĻǾͼˣʹͶڶΪԶʥʱǶʹĶԿǶ˼ıԶʥʻ֪ģ뵽ʹĶԹжʹͻ֮󣬼̱תǿ߱ӡϾЩǿ߳ѣһָҪ꣬ǧʱ䣬ȻٰаʹͻƣҲ²ⲻĻ˵ǸͻƵʹĿҪ塣ͨԼƶ˵˳
лֹȻнʮ꣬ǰ֪ŴʥĴڣƻôǾͲ˼͵ħƣǽһײʹһƿ磬Ƿ׹˼͵ħ磬ͻʮսʵҪΪЩǿߵѶ񣬱У޷ֻ뱾ϵҲ޿ɺǵģֻǶ쳣ˡ
ʮ꣬һͷĴڣ̫ʵҪ൱Ľͷǿߣȫԣ˼ڵǿܵƣʼձǸ̶ȣ¾ǽƣ˼ҲѾ˦²֪ٱ˰ɡ
Ȼ޿ɿԽġ
ǰıѵǵҪ˼͵ħ磬Ϊ𣿡л׳һ⡣
ͨȷҰģΪһҰģ׼꣬Ȼǲܣ֪ƶϣҰĵӦʱһ̣Ұֻһڣɸ˵ĿģԶʥʵ뿪ĿıȻżǣ


1561  ԭˡ
ıĿģԶʥ뿪ĿģһĿġ
ʲôأ
𰸾ЩڵǿҲ޷֪ˣҪõ𰸣ֻͷԶʥش
뵽ͷл뵽ԾͷرգѾСۣ
олŪ˽ɫʹ
ʹǰ˼˼ƣΪƣʹ˼ʼ޷Խʮսʵǿ֣߳Ҳѹֻгҵ˵ΪΨгңܹƣأʮ䣬ܵƣʶܹﵽͻƣ˼Ļܹ˳ʮսʵĴڰɣֻϧδơ
ƺɫеڶʹ
ˣڶʹѵıĿĺԶʥ뿪Ŀģлͷ
ⲻûпܣǴпܡ
Ͼɫ˭
ʣǱʱҪ粻֪꣬ʱĳ޵еĴڣȻܹѵֻǽƣȻƺܿ£ɻָ֮Ҳڽ֮󣬱ɣܹΪ۵ĵڶʹؼġ
Ҫ֪ıĿģɫȫָ䣬Ҳ֪һЩݵġ
лѹͷмʣǰȻ֪֮ݣΪʲôǰ˻ʺĻҲ֪ŴʥĿģͽƣĳԽʮսʵĴڣ

δشг̾һ
ͨ͵ʱڱչͻƵУҲִ֪ڣÿһͻƺ಻һͻһ綥չһ£ǾŽսʳʮսʣҲֻҪҵıչأǲͬһ꣬ʮ궼Ҹ⣬һ˵Դ֮ɳٶȶаʱɳʮսʵʱ򣬾Ҫ޸ƣһαչس꣬Ҳ֪ˣƫƫڼͻˣƣǶʱ˻ʺ˾Ŵʥ
ǰ֮ǰҲû潻𣿡лʵ
ûУûдﵽʮսʣ޷нģΪں´½̫ԶǶﵽʮսʣܹйͨġͨЦصʱҲʼûҵʵѡ棬Ͼ˼вپ߱ѪҼŵģһҵ˲ʺϣͿܱ¶⵽ƻɱ֮
ڴ˵㣬лǺͬġ
˴ϢҲ϶ԷĿŶȾҳϷ棬οǹ˼δҪٷ֮һǧβſԣˣ̫ˣ뱣֤ʵ׵ģпܴȥ
ͨǰʮƣȻĳԽʮսʵĴڣܹЩʱľȫϯգΪã˵ĻпһͷͷǷҲδһͬȼĴڣǵȨӶԼƿԴĿԾ൱ͷĳǿߣô㣬˼ƣȫɣҲľˡ
ǰƶϣж󣿡лʵ
عƣ屶ʮɡͨ
ȣ
л㱻ˮǺعƻ屶ϵĲ࣬屶Ҳּܹ乥˼ġ
ʱ羫ǿ߰
Ҫ磬ֻһ취ǿж֣˼磬һǰɱ룬ôɽĽƣ˼ǿģ һ֣ڶƣǿǻָɣ֧˼磬֣ܵ˼ҪһЩͻƣﵽͷĵزΨͷǸεĳڳ֣пܴ˻磬Ӷյʥͨ˼ΨһĻʤ˵˳
̵˵ĵز
˵ɵĿԼ޽ӽ㡣
һ֣⼸Ϊ㣬˼Ѿ˼磬ǿߣ˼磬˼綼Ǿ֮͡
ȻǽƣϼѣνǿǿʩչĽƣѾԼҪͬҪͻʮսʵĴڣô׵Ļ˻ʺϹʥʿܶʧ𣿺ȻٶʩѹˣˣҲ˵Ҫ˼ͻƣ̫СˣǽɫָȻԼΪ㡣
еҪͷľ磬Ǽֱе˼ˡ
ͷôóɾ͵𣬾ڰǰٵʱ̣Ҳ˶ѣοرѹƣӲ˻ᣬͬԼΪ㣬ֿԵǸ㡣
˼Щڽӵ˼ˡлЦ
ͨЦҲˣ˻ʣܹвͷȻѾﵽӽͷĵزܷɾͷͲ츳ˣҪһѸٵĳɳΪͻƣֵ˵ӡ
лӿǿҵĲ
˵лδΪ˱ݻģڻҵģŵлܲˬ
˿ԳɾͷĴڣлΪʲôУҲҪУһҪͷڽ£л˻ѣǸµˣ棬ӲˣοͷҪҲΨԼɳˡ
ͨл¶Ĳӣһ˿Ц⣬ԽǲԽܹٵĳɳȻҲȷΪлܹﵽͷǸ磬Ǿл츳Уʱ䲻ֱͷرעԱ˼ʤҪ͡
ǰȥʥľɣлһƽ֮壬ҪӷΨдﵽǷǷ磬ͷڽ£ܹñ˸߿Լ
ͨȻһЦʥľʲôҪǻġ˵ɢһŨ۵ţлΧ
Ƭ֮л͸еǰһ崦ʧ״̬漴ٶȻָѾһط
˵ʣƣޱȵ£ؼŨϢ
һռС硣
лƾռܹ϶˿ռС硣
ʥ֮
һԲϵ
лŤͷһֻԼʮ׵ĵطһòЦеĿ
ʮףлȻоĴڣĶͨ޷Ѫɴ˿ɼߵʵԶԶлл߽սʵľ磬˵ģпǾŽս۷弶
лϸȥӦԼоߵȻǻδȹ̾磬ǿгصģҲصʱղԶˣҪ̫ġ
ʥлǰʥľģл
΢΢һЦκʥľ峤


1562  ʥľľһ
ˡ
лɵЦʥľ峤κҲЦˣ˺Ĭķһɽ֮ۡ
峤ͨͨǰģɶԣл
ʥľ峤κͷڼʥľҲҪΪ˼羡һҲΨ֣ǰŻǰ־ģұǰǰ
峤Ϊѡأлڻơ
ʥľʼձռСڣ޷Ȼܹ֪Ĵڣǰ
κǰǣõϿɣҲΨܹʥľڵȻǰҲһжˣԶԣҾʥľʥҲǲѡ񡣡
ֻ𣿡леǣǿʥľ壬ʥľмǿеģΪʲôҪѡʥǣȥһ岢սأܹ֤ʥľɣƵģ֮һԸȥʥǽƵء
ʥľرյġκԴƺԸȥֻͣǵ㵽ɡ
رգȻʥľķӡô򵥣һֻǸƿЦйذɡ
΢һ£κ˵оľԵʡ
˵䣬һӣһɫĹֱ֮ϣ߿ձѿͬٻһ㣬ңԶһ춯ص
һڿն
峤һٶףͨ嶼Ǳ̵Ƭ壬ʵİţŸ̵ŷҡΣ·һɽ֫׳ͬӣ޴ͷͨûʲô𣬾е⣬һֱ죬һ£ǾȻе÷¹¹ǣп棬٣ֱͨɫġ
һľ
սرǿȴƷ棬һָĴڣҾ˵ص
ľ壬ʼʥľ壬ʥľߡ
峤ľɵǰѸٵСҲ׵ĸ߶ȣлκǰ
λʵˡκ˵
ľлͷʽѾͨеϵʽ֪ʥҲˣҽʥľʥǣһ硣
лľٿκȻʧЦһһ˺ĹϵͨԼϵ̸ͱľ֪ˡ
ȻˣҲȥѯʡ
˵ҲΪʥľʥʲôɸ˵Ŀģοʹϵеľı֤ͨϿɡ
峤βܹﵽǣлʵ
Ҳûʲôġκ˵лٵʥǰ̹ͨϵͨǰԴʥѸٳɳɴﵽƷơ
лҾ԰ɡ
κΨһͷһڿն
ľ죬ֱռСߵһԼ֮ߵɽۣ֮;лҲཨʥľ˶ڹעܷ뿪ع˼磬һоͶлˡ
һ·УлĶͨҲ
вĻ̬ȣолһЩʥľʥǵ˵ƺͨǿҪҲΨˣ뿪ġ
лֹѹκἰΪвȵģȫԸġ
лʥľԼʥǸеңͬʱҲǶͨм
ԣͨϵ֮󣬲־ġ
δɽۣл㿴һ
ǺܸߣҲǰҵӣ֦Ҷïֻڣ·һСǱһ㣬ԽýԽܸоõԪ͸ӵĳ棬ľԵζԽأʺľ֮
лռС磬Ȼر󣬿ƺԪʥṩġ
˵ĻҲѹʥʼûдĳɳˡ
ܿ죬Ǳɽ֮ϡ
ʥΧʮˣʮϵģŮһ㣬˫أл͸оЩ˵ĿˢˢԼܹԵĸоЩӣеǻɣеǷС
ΣлκͨҪʥľʥǵԵˣʥľڵķǷǳġ
ʥ֮лһȥ߿ڵ
лл
ʥʸʥľ𣿡һڱɣ¶Ƶζ
ϡ峤κü
ͼֵ߰峤ΪϣұҪΪδѾ˵꣬κβء
峤κɫѿΪ峤˴ϣ˿ӣе峤ܵвĵϿлȥĹؼܲܳȥ˼˵㣬δ
ٺ٣ȻˣǾͲ˵ģЦ
˻һɽ۵Ȼһ䡣
峤κɫǴ䣬ԱȶŭӴϣȳϣ֪ڸʲô𣿣
Ϊʥľ忼ǣϺòá
ʥľĳǻüûв峤ʹ֮ķǶ˵Ϊ峤֮λ˺ܴĲ죬κΪ峤õȫ֧֣гɣ˦ģɾˣյҲǷǳ˵ġ
òϵϿɣôǳѵľˡ
лһԹҲˣȻҲ׼һ㣬κľ绹δȹ̣֣ܶϱʵֻǰ˽սʣҪѵĻκκ״̬ء
峤ɷҺʹġл
κлȻΪ⣬ΣǸмԭͨǿҪʥǣʹлٻЩеģ΢תһЩͷ˵һԡ
̸ʸ𣿡ϰȻ
Ǵ˵βʸ̸лƽĵ˿ûбʢ˵ѹơ
ЦʥľĿռС磬ͨҲﲻ㣬Ҫ˵ʥǵĸ֣Ҫҵġ
лҲأ
ǾͱҶǿˣĵȷĸ㣬ֻҪ㣬һͨģа취ġ
꣡
л·ЦƵЦ
㻳˵Ļɫ
Ҳʥľа취лЦеĵΪʥľѾڴ˵꣬Ҫһ취ûУǾܵģֻҪǿʥɳȻҲİ취ЦݺܲãЦǴζҶǿƾϵǵʵ»ʸҵĶ֣


1563  ʥľľ
ɽ֮һš
ʥľһСһĿл·ڿһޱȿЦЦ˾Ȼ˵ûʸĶ֡
Ͽǰ˽սʣ
棬ҲǶĴڡ
ˣ˵һ飬ûʥľͷŶ˵·ûͦ
лĵ˵㻹ûʸҶ֣Ϊ̫ˣ
ظһ飬Ǹӱ͡

ʥľЦ·ЦЦʥľ峤Ҳ¶Ц⣬Ӷࡣ
ǵı֣л̾һʥľ屻˵̫ˣ֪̫ˡ
ˣˣϵ
ʮꡣлʵ˵
ϵʮ꣬Ҳ˵Ұ˽սʲĶ֣㲻ÿЦ𣿡
лĵʵ
ʼ̬ƽӦԣһЩʥľʶƺôˣҲǱǾ͸ģȻлţٴ뵽ͨлƳ磬ǿʼое˼ˣҪ˵лôǿԾɲš
ʮܹ꣬ңҾͨҪǼʥǣΪǺãҲ㡣Ҳұ֤ʥľؽΪʥǿ
ʥľǿûʮսʣ޷ʥеǰġл˵ʵ壬壬嶼ʥľǿае壬ʥľܿģȻõĻʥľ忰ǰģϾƷ棬ʥľġ
ϳˣ㲻̫𣿡
лЦҴܴ֮󣬴ϻŵġ
Ǿóʵɣ˵䣬Ʊۻʥľѣ·ֺϣĿӲĵ涼һѺۡ
ȶְɣȻһ֣ϾûˡлҲѹԼĿԡ
֮ɲǼٵģԸʾ
ʥľ˲˽лıֶ¶ˬ֮ɫ峤κҲһü
̫ˣ
ʮѣ˻ʺϹʥҲûôŰɡ
ȴŭˣŭһȭлȥһֱǰ˳ɵҪлһ
һȭ죬ӿľˣ·Ҫռ顣
лֻƽƽ
ܹ˽սʵ֣һ˽սܹĶ֣лûдϼȭףֺıץ˹ȥ
أ
ֱץסϵȭͷ
˵Ҳһײ;׵սһ±㽫ۻĶˡ
ߣ
𶯣ֱ۶һʹƺһɵסεġ

һʥľڳгϲɵöһ
ǵľѴﵽ״̬лıԾ𾪵̲סǴ𺳡
磬лһδεĴ𺳵漣Ҳ˵ķӦ
ȴࡣ
Ϊ˾Ȼһȭˡ
ããȫһУ߳ŭٶȳȭһΣκαġ
һȭ㿴ܳӰѸٵϵȭͷ۹ȥʹһȭٵ
ľȭ
ʥľĶ֮һзǳֲɱ
˶Ҳлƽ΢Щ춯΢еȤˣҲȭȥҲʩչ˶ǳ䶫ˮ
һȭȥ·ŭ죬󣬸һ޴ȭͷӰγɣͬȭͷ֮ڡ
ȭ͵ײһ
䣡
һŴԵĹҲ·ɽȥ߶ĵѿʯ裬֦Ҷݷ׷׵ת
лȻվ˿
Ǵһ˿Ѫ⡱ʮ
ʵߵͣ
еʥľ峤ǶЩɵˣǰһȭ𾪣ôһȭԸӵľ
̫ȫʩչľȭˣԵĿֲ֮ͬˣδĶ֣ȻлɵĻ
ʩչĺˮԶûˮԡ峤κˡ
峤ЦˣǰΪڸݣͿˮԶͽˮԶһˮԶˡл
κѵĵԴģ
ʥľ˶ѾеͷԶ·ˡ
Ƕԣֱ
֪ǷԵõλϿˣлûڱֳ֮⣬ʱڱ֣ǿ԰ڣ˲ϲģʱıֲܹá
κл̾һͨȻѹ꣬ҲϾΪ˼ģָʥǡ
ҲĬˣǿлĿûӺͳ𾪣һ˿ľη
ʮ꣬ܰ˽սʣζδĲ
лɫ任֪ӣЦɣܹʥľλپǷʥǣΣ
κҲϡ
ǳϣ峤ߵ
Ʋ죬ʵȴѾϿлˣϾܹǱл
κҲЦˣû뵽ԭѱĴϾȻлȭˣҲܲл̫ˣ˭ҲԱ֤δﵽεȵľ硣
Ǿлٽʥɣľлʥɳġκ˵
𣡡
ľ׷һʾлȥ
лҲľŷʥͬﱤһľ޴ڡ
һһʧڣʥľĺĲǶǸп֡
ĻҪԻ͡ϸпĵ
ٲһλԻʱ˼͸ûԿˡ峤κĵΪʥľޣѾﵽ൱زˣû뵽Ȼʥڶ޷Žǰ
˸пҲ겻ѡ
ǶǿҵĿҪ߳ȥ
κһȥҲЩչлδඥսǵġ
ʱ˿̣лվľıѾʥӴڣУлʶʲôŨϢɣƵ֮죬ָܹġ
صϢҲлǿҵҪ޵ĳ嶯
ʣſ߽սʣԽԽѣȺõطͿġ
ǰУΧ֦ҶеҷֿóһͨǰϢҲԽԽŨأҾԵĿһεεľӨ͸ˮΣɢܰ㣬֮Ķ
Ƭ֮ǰһɫ֦ҶƱ֯ľ޴εĴڣ϶û£濴һߵĹӰ
ľͣǰ棬һ
ԲĴڱͬʻʢĻţЩïʢ֦ҶҲһСţεεĻǶ䣬ŵ¶ˮȥΡ
һ޴ʢĴڡ
λãûлһ߲һףͨ嶼ǾӨ͸ıɫа˸ֲ棬ÿһ涼һɫҶӣէȥͬɵһ㡣
ǲʥ壡


1564  ͨػܱ֮仯һ
ףлվľıһһŨϢڱڣƢеȫ泩һƮƮȻĸоۺսҲõһ
⵽̵Ԫ
սҪı̬лԪҲûһ˿һ˷ѣͳͳܹתΪսǻĻͬԪԪļʮЧ
䴿Ȳɺ
ʥľˡ
лʥȻϢҸô
ľʥΪʼհʥľķչûгɳûа취ȡһֱĵУҪľƾĹϵл̹ʥͨϵȻͨʥһɱ䡣
Ҫô鷳л
л֪ΪʥľǱƵģҲͨͨѹģԳȡռСԪΪ˷ֹʥͷųҪľͨȡǰѾԵͨ޷ָֻţҲ޷ͨʲôҲεԱΪľεĵ
л⣬˵ֻҪڸ̹ͨ𣿡
ľлٵסʥľͲҪˣһʩչлһ֮ģţлЩ΢ı仯
ŶлȻ
ľЦʱлپ֪ˣҲǴͨеõĹϹʥµһЩʥһЩ롣
ҵǺڴˡлЦ
һһ㿪ʼж
лʥǰһƨ˫̽ץסʥɣһ˿Ϣ·񣬺ˬ
ľ㿪ʼ
л͸еʥƺѪҺһ㣬һɫţһ˿˿Ĳ㿴ʥ۵Ҷӵ̣ɢΪŨϢΪ֮
ܵԪӳˡ
лڣսҲǿ
ʢЩ֦ͬҶ׷׵ĺ£ʹɢϢûɢŨСռڣٶγһӣŨصϢ㿪ʼѹγŨŨе¶γɣΧ·һ㣬ʵǷǳŨԪ۶ɵģһζܹɷµĸͻһ磬ȵĴڡ
һлѹ궯ͷ
һҪȫĳ嶯һ뵽ʥľ壬ŵʥлֻǿֿԼƽˣ̫࣬ҲҪȥеȥʹлǲҲű˿޶Աƴٶȣɴ˿ɼϢŨس̶ȴﵽֱ̬ĵز
лȶų
˶ÿԺʼ̵Ӱ
ԴӽлѸо̵Ĵڣ֪ĸȷǷǳġ
Ȼôסջ󣬴治򵥰ľܹ֪лı仯ɵø̾
лһо̽йͨ
֮ϵϾлаǰͨǧһ޷ֵǵϵģҪѷɫˣֻһ޵ϵ̫Զ޷оõ
ֻͨһֶԱ˴˵ǹɰϵ
ϾΪɵġ
лԺо̵Ӱͼ޵۶ĵһμ濪ʼһֱǵٶ꣬ٵʹʥĥѣһеһУεεĻƽ棬ȴ顣
ԭл̵ĸоа飬ȴֻǱ˴˶кøУ΢չ˼
ȥ˼ȥȥ䣬л͸еһŨŨİĵ·֮õӰ
Σ
ʱƽͬӵĺڶȻ䵴һƬƬˮӳȥ·һεɢȥ̽йͨ
ĺнһģӰ
ϸĻᷢģ塣
л̵İԽԽǿңӰҲԽԽҲĳֳһò֦Ҷչ΢紵ţҶ趯һģӰֳǺȻ̡
ڿ޵Ӧӡ
֪Զˣ·˿ռ谭˴ĿԣܵŨŨİ⡣
Ҳʱϵ
ϵռСڵʥľ־Ըоؼ䲨ϢȻ˼֣·һӿ൱
ʥľ˶Ǿһ
һǵ͹ˡ峤κĵ
Ҳʧĵô콨ϵͱڿռ巽Ҳﵽ˷ǳ˵ĵز
ֹռ壬ľϢоʱĲ峤κʥķ򣬡ʥľʥǣʥǵңʥľҰ
ʥľʥǵĹ۸Ϊлһ˶׸ı䡣
ͨҲ̴ѹ
ķǰ⣬Լ⼤ģл͸鴫ģʹҲŨİ
һҪлĳ嶯Ϊһ֣˺϶Ϊһ
ǵİӣǣ
ĺƿԽǧɽˮһ
鿪ʼŹâ˵ų貵Ĺ⻪
ͬʱлŵʥҲ˼£͸л̵ͨϵ
ͨҲʼʩչֲ
Ͼϵ˾Ϳʼԭر۵ͨɲǼ䱩ʮֱǧ׵ĸ߶ȡ
ӴڸգϾƺҪУ֦׷׵ȥǧס
һɬ
ԲڵϢһӱͨ棬ЩкĻľҲͨ·Ҳˡ
ı仯Ҳһ
ǷǱˣ֣Ϊ׵֣Ҳʮ֮ڡ
·֣쿴ǺƵȵ
һӷǰ֣ʲôԸ
֣ۿлǽϾģ
ǣԲֻл̣϶ͽռ˽Ͼ·϶Ĵ
ϾʱӴ֣
²֪·
֣ߵ˵
·¾ãĽ˵ĻȫţҲõ񵶺ۣһôҪлܾˣȻǴ̵
мƽϡ֣ĮȻĵĽţ˵ʦлδԤ⵽ļֵĵص㣬Ҳȫŵģǰ֣˾۵һʱ䣬ȵʧ֮
ǵĵͨлʥľ嶼֪ڰռƻš
ͨȡӴںԼԴһԶ͸̣ͨϵݸл
ѵһˡ
ϵһָоһ־񣬲ʵʵܷͨҲһδ֪
˰̣޷õɢǶನ̸оԼƺǰĿһҪתƽпܳս۷弶
̾ϲ֮࣬ҲеȻʮսʵȻͨʱ޷ӳȫܵƵģӲܼս侳ģȻ̸е𺳡
Ҳ֪ǷΪԵʣʹ˵İӴȻϣЩȫлõͷ


1565  ͨػܱ֮仯
ŨҲܹأϾľѾľ鿪صޱȿȫԳʮսʵеܣǳĳʵ
Ŭѹеķӵͷ
֪ǸýתƸлʱˣԼŬƽŬȥǣ
ͨҲָ̬
˷Ҳðŵ侳Σգ׵Ķ뷨
ˡ
һ˿˿Ĳ
ͬɫҶλñ̵ǰλãʹǸطĹΡ
л͸ĺгֵһУҲй̡
һĪĳ嶯Ҫȥ⿪̵£Ǳ¶ϸһǶ˵
ͷ͸еԼǰؾȻҲ˿˿ĹΡ
ȻһСҶĴڸֳ
˵ϵٴ·ĳĶϵлϲ֮࣬һ˿˿
һ׸ߵʥҲųĹΡ
ƺоͨľٶҲͷųһ΢ǿȴǳĴ͸лƣԽı۰򣬵ҶС鴦֮Ӵƴһ΢ŻƵء
л͸еǰ˾ޱ䡣
·һλðŻؿһλɫʵͨңԶľͷҲһŻؿӶ洫˿˿лһϤϲľݡ
ǺȻ̡
֪ôңԶȴ˴ܹĿԷָо˵һŨŨţĿԣǰ⡣
ࣣ
ͿǶŻӿһɺƳӿȵӿֱӽл壬Ȼٵıʥͷųǣŵʥ֮С
ŨҲлѲѰ
˵ٷ֮ʮŵžžŵʥȡȥˣʣµһ˿˿ȻлоԼԵ֮ǰԼɵԪתΪսеԼܹһ
ŨͨƾԼȡؼĳ̶ʮսʻҪǿٲͨȷѾﵽһǳ̬ĵز
ǿʥҲȻ΢ı仯
ԭʥ˸ֲ棬õʼھŸ֧ҲʼһҶͷųϢӵŨأʥһ׵Ҳһ˿Ӳǰθʮס
漴ʥͨ嶼ĹΣ֮ǰӵӵ룬·Ϲ屦һ㡣
ͬʱʥľ嶼ˡ
ԭ׸ߵʥȻǧ׵ĸ߶ȣҽռСڵԪֹ
ʥľϣԽԽˡ
ԼСʱ֮лоû
̵ϵҲȻȻԾɿͨĺгֳĿԷȴ޷ͨĸо
лһҪɿʥ
Եȣʥڴ
ܹˣ֤ѾﵽҪ˰ɣл״㲻ٶԣ֪ʥҪһʱȹԼлҲȥţ鿴Լ
֮ǰ߽սʾ֮൱߽սʳδκȻѾﵽĳ̶ȣҽӽıˡ
εȵ
ʵзǳ
лȵսӿһָоʱ԰˽ս۷弶ǿߣҲδػܱɡ
ûãʥٶȿڣллҡ
ǰˡлӦ
˵Ķ飬Ҽ£Щʱȹʱһлġʥ˵ұȱʾһлɡ
лͻȻľ˵ǰҪʥ
ʥЦܴͨһУвòʥľ嶯ֵ֣뱻ԾͽõһЩϹʥʧǰʥһЩ뷨ңұ㽫и죬Ӧġ
ʥﵽػʥ徳ءлԴϲʩչػʥ壬ػֳܱ֮
ػ֮ܣʥҲһҲıʥ
лЦҾø߳Լһ֮·ʥҲֻǴﵽһĸ߶ȰˣҵĿЩԶ
ããұ㽫Լ򴫸㡣ʥԣҲ̾
л͸оһμ䴫
ݾʥ
ʥʾԶܱȵģ֮󣬸Ǳ̬˵л߳Լ·ؼת۵㡣
ıػ֮ܡʥ˵
л̷ſҡ
ػ֮˵ףлȫܵԼƵġ
ʥų貵Ĺ⻪Ĺ͸ػ֮ܣлоһƺǿʵһصƺ滹
ػ֮ܡ
лͷ֣öػܷ֮·ܵϴһ㣬ϵعţػܾ֮Ϳʼ΢ı仯
ԭػ֮ͼƵģǿػ֮ܵķ
ʥϴͼƺˮһĲţ˿˿Ĺâ渡ֳ
öػ֮ܣлоȻһɰҵϢͷţ̺һױȵ׵硣
Ũҵĸо̼лЩţ·ػܾ֮߱ŷǳµĹһ㡣
лǿѯʵĳ嶯عš
Լʮ֮ػ֮ͼƿʼޱ䣬ȻתΪһĵ⣬ϵͷ׵С
ٿһöػ֮ܣ֮Щƣͬ׵һųɫϢǴ֮
ػܱ֮ԣȫӳʱ򣬲ܹޣ㱾ԣ۳ػ֮ܣڴػ֮ܺ׵ػ֮ܶѾɱ䣬γɵػ֮ܡػ֮ܣʥ˵
лԣȻӦ
ȫġ
ͿʥҲųŨһϵشݽл壬ʼΪ۵öػ֮ܡ
лֻȥӦʥľٶܹǳĸоʥ۵öػ֮ܣԼȻ˵ƣ·֪֮㣬ɴٴ֤ʥȷʥİ
ûãһöػ֮ܵĳαˡ
ž
ʥһö̵Ҷ֦˸鶯ĹΣƯڵöػ֮档
ڣʥͺȵ
ö̵Ҷöػ֮ڡ
֮лоǳŨϢеǵöػܾ֮֮ԴƵء
лҲϿʼ䳹׵ΪԼ
̺ܼ򵥣ûñ˴
öػ֮ܣȴػ֮΢ѷɫһЩûй׵ػ֮ѷɫƿٻָöػܸ֮ɫҲǴﵽҶʥļޣԺα仯ҪԼˡʥ˵ҽܹռȻںʥҵ򣬸ԼȻԼ
лмлǰָ㣡


1566  ᣬ֮Ѫ
壬ǿ֮һҲһֱʮ֮У䲻ʹ壬壬ȴҲѷɫ٣ÿʮ꣬пܳλãǿ壬ųƷһ壬ױȵĳɾֻͣһֱصģʼûҪõûô򵥣Ҫõϼѡ
ֻ˷򣬾Ǻõġ
лʼն봴Լ߳һԼĵ·뷨Ҳдķȴ޴֣Ǽ֡
Ŀֵ꣬ˡ
ʥ˵ЩУҪȡЩԼﵽ۷״̬Էܹʥľġ
лû뿪ǿö׵ػ֮ܡ
ȻʥѾָˣȻҪá
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׵ػ֮лĲٿ֮·ţ˸˿˿ĵ⣬׵ֻͨ׵磬׼սʼǿ߶ûжô
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׽׵ٶԽԽ죬Ѿӽɽ׵Ḷ́ŵĽɫҲ಻١
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춯ϡ
ͿһĽɫ绷׵ػ֮棬ʹͼƶԵһϣлĽ
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ǰ״ٶͬʻʢлƮɳľѾȺʱ
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ҲлЦ
ʥľ峤κл٣˶飬ʥľġ
峤ˣ˼ΣڵϦֵʥľʱΪ˼һӣʥľл˵ĻǺƯģʥľ廹ҪƷ峤ʾ£Ҽ̳ȥռֻҪ̫ϡеƷƾʥǵӦÿռġ
л˸ɴ࣬ʥľ峤κҲ£ҾͲ˵ϻˣʥľ岻񣬶Ըʥǣ
˵
лͷĳǣһ΢΢ͷȻϿǴҲͷͬ⣬Ȼı֣õȫϿɡ
ʥľκ˶޷赲ġлҲһΣڲ֪ҪʲôʱҲֳ㹻š
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л΢ǺеƷ
Ǵ󺣾ۣںϴ˵ʮսһˮ˵ϡҲǺϡУֻҪĵ飬Ӧòҵʥеĳڱӵеġκϸ˵ͱȽˣǲ½ĳֳ̫գ̫أʺǵҪ󣬷ҪǺ׻ɽĳֵطǺħ޾סĵطҪõҲ̫ѣֻҪлѰңҲ軨Ѷ೤ʱģؼһʾѪ
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ʮսʵʾѪκ˵
ʮսʵ֮ѪǾͱȽ鷳ˡ
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ֵлɲǼʧӰ١
ʥľϣл·Ͼϣٶȼͨ˿̵ͨɫ۵ģɫЩʾŵľٶӰ컹ǷǳģģвľȶϾѪӡ֮󣬰˽սʻδȫأʮսʣȻܵӰ졣
ͨЦµѪӡȫǵӰҲǷǳģʮսҪȫӰ죬ٻҪҵʱ䣬ǿĺֻҪһʱˣڼ䣬Ҳ޷ΪṩռˣһȥΪʥľŬɣ϶ͼɣ򣬲Ӱġ
˵䣬ƮȻ
ͨҲ֦ҶջԼ
ٿȥͨͨĲľ˿оǷǳֲĴڡ
л̱Ȼ뿪ٶϾͽӥռλڽŵĵȴС
л١ӥռ¿ɵüĵ
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λųһϾ϶أ
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лҪҪô𣿡
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Ͼһκᡣ
׼֪ͨʥȫѰлһɵþһ𣬡ûƭҰɣ
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׻ɽڵĳ񡣡л
ͽռһЦͿռһóһŵͼл٣һźǧĵͼоͱע˺׻ɽλã涼гһЩСĻɽڵĳδػУǴĻɽڣŷǳǿħػŵģӣӦûһЩģлٿȥժһЩ
ΪҪЩ˼ģû뵽ô͵õһһŵͼܹѰлɵĴЦˣγʥľ岻
ʾѪҲ֪һЩʮսʼʾѪûκεϢˡ
л̣аյͼעǰȥѰҳ
Ǳһ󺣡
ҪѰһЩԽԽõģи⣬ͺ£˵ЩƵǿڵ򣬾ЩĴǶǰ˾Žսʺеĵطʶͨսʽ룬ֻȥˡ
˰յͼʾֱ


1567  塾һ
ޱ߼ʣں׵ĵͼҲǺʹõģҪѰͼбʾĲɺںа֮࣬ԵķսǴ͵ʯܴݻٵģʶͼǾԱ仯ġ
лǱˮУˮѰһ죬ҵͼбʾط֮ǰϾЩעصͱƻһɶ޷ա
;Ҳ൱ĺޡ
һսʼֻҪͷųսǿߵƣܹܣǱǺ޳ֵڼ٣ʵǷٵʱʱĳսʵĺޣżܿսʡ
лҲʼͷ߽սѹ
ǰ͸ŨŨİ⣬ǣ˷ٶһ֮ǰԾܹо˴еǳҵİȻȴĬûôеĸоǳ
ѰУ˵ҲȻǣš
֣л˵ĸп뵱˼棬ֻŮòԣƺҪ΢ѷɫһߣԼģ˭룬ʱǨѾаȡҲչֳ˵˸һ
˵ף˵ĹϵǿЩоȴûְĸоǶûиоôǿң˵˵
Ҫõ飬жԷſԡ
ƫƫǾǵõ飬̶ǣ֮£ǺøпʼתΪİ⣬ֱ˿̣ɵתŨ
˵͸ĸоһܹױ˴˵ʵ뷨źǲȥϡкޣźĺɽĺǴʱʤ
𣡡
յͼǱţһͳ˻
ԶڵĺУһȻ￴ͷųѪϢһף˵ǺǧµλãʶںģֻԼ޵Ĵʮ׵ĳȣ䱾Ǻںģֻ۾ͬһ㡣
̸˵ˡлˬĵ
̡ꡱЦǴʼնû˵һ仰ô̸˵˰
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ЩҵķȻһףһжлͨ鵷ģֻеǣȻԽлĻһ㲻Ĵ͸ֱǷ˼
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ʲôôоһ𣿡лЦеĵ
̵˵
𣡡
˵ĵȴڰԶĺŭˣȻӣһйԵ˻Ǻˮҵ𶯣γɺһ㣬ӿ
Ҫ֪İͻȻţЩˬսʽӽ۷ѹ
Ƶѹεĳȥ
ЩĺˮƽϢǿѹһЩͻʯͷ׷׵ıѡ
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Ǻ޸ܵѹȣûо£һ˷ܵ˻ͬͷų˵ѹ̵ֿ
лһ⺣޵ǾȻ֪̽˵ʵΣȷǷ֣תһҲԣսʼĺޣǸżߵǻۣο⺣޵ļȻ̸һЩ
սʵĺޡ
֮ԿʱлҲ䣬ԭĶŵʿɲǼͬѪĶǣɷεѹΧĺˮ¼ȥա
ǿֲѹսʼĺ޷ֵ˻תҪӴܣǿ߽սʵƻĺҶԿ
ߣлҲȥ
˭֪벻һĻҲ֮ԭεѹֻһʵﵽһ֮󣬲ľѹȣӰģץֻǸоɾʱ˾͸е΢΢һ漴㿴˻δüѹȻһӵһ
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л˵ȫǰδеʶ
лаͨ˴ĽãԲͬҲƵģǴûѹеƾĴܹӵġ
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ǣѹƺһͬռֶƵأһӾͽܵĺ޸̶סˡ
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л̱˴˶һۣе㵡
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İҲǼʶʲô󲻵ֱǳϣȻ˾֮࣬Ǿϲ
˲Ҫ׼ͬʱһٶǽԼƱ۷塣
ԶĺޱԵĸо˵ƾȻҲĵһ𣬷·һʮ׸ɽɢƵѹԲǧڵһж׷׵ı飬ѹȵԶΧ۵ĺ޷һľ׷׵Ӵܡ
˺ȻǣҪܵĺ޾ȻһĲҽУģĿǺ޵忪ʼֱѣϵѳһѪҲ̶ã޷ѹı֡
ô᣿̳Ծĵ
лҲǺȻѣѹʲôֻһ־ѹȣܹ˸е־壬ܲʵõģ˵ѹȻӲսֱըΣ
ǿսʰ
Ҫ֪лȻ߽սʣɸһոճսʵˣһսʩչѹûõġ
ʵڣǲòһжʵġ
飬飬лĵ
˵ϹʥʴģѵϹʥҲм侪˵ĳɾͣɻĵ
Ϲʥܹ֮ƾʮʵʮսʣΪлһרκεӶܹȫĵͶУͻƵġ
Ӳ
紫Ų˵ϹʥʵһӴ𡣡лһ˿޵Ц⣬λӺӦĳֹϵɡ
һл˼ϹʥǰڱѾųǹˣȻɾδߵģյϡŹֵģŮ֮ģȻҲ̳ЩĪ鵹Ҳ⣬ֻϧĳɾҲǳޣĻͲ͸ˡ
ᰡĴװлʱӡ
ҾǳԴˣôˡ΢΢죬Եʣĸоشлˡ
лǺðɣǾһʵɡ˵ȥӵ̣ͷȥ
̵ʱ֪лʵ뷨ȻҪｫ͵
ɫǣûоһ鵽׻ʲôáһ¡
лҲֻתһ̵뷨ˣҲİŨȤκαͷų߽սӽıǿȵޱͷų纣ѹ
Ҳޱ뿴ʲôЧ


1568  塾
˵ǿƱͬǧ֮õĻɽȻĻ棬ֱ죬Ҫ춼ƿһ㣬ܵƳģԲʮڵĺˮϵ˾ͻ֣ᷢƬˣ޷ˣֱʣˮԺƻֺ׳ۡ
˴龰
лҲǴ㵵ģԼôֲҲǷǳģ˾˵ĵزѾܶˣҲ˵ǵӳǷǳµġ
ͬʱ˵ѹҲսʼĺϡ
䣡
ͬһεشں޵ϡ
ǿ𶯵·ݷǧϺ޸գ췭ظһ㡣
ŭ
л̲ɽǺˮӿƴ󺣷ŭһ˲䣬ǲ˿Ӱ죬Ҳʾǲʼٸߡ

ٿսʼĺޣܵѹ֮£޷ܣһĲҽ֮£Ȼը
γɵѹԽɱ
Ǵȥƻ䶯˼磬֪֮ҲĿɿڴģѾɱ˵ķΧˡ
л̵ֽһ
ǵͣģ
˼ͬʱðһͷǾѰҺޣ飬Ƿ˵ĵز
ŵͼʾķ쭳ȥ
ûпȥñ˴˵սͶϵһٶȣȻͬʱ֮ڡ
սͶǵٶȱԤٶȿ˽һ
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лƺ֪á
ʹл˵
̵ͷֻǴ߶ԼĶϣ͸оǶٵڣлеԼƺõӣ̵
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̣⺣ˮѹ侪ˣǳµĵطԾǿȥ
գۼ䣬ﵽ˽ǧ׵ĵط
Ȼˡл
㷢ʲôˣʵ
лҵͨеӣҵսĶ߱Ķ֮󣬾Ȼܹﵽսļҵõ֧ȻӲ˵˼ǣӳ֣ҵõҴﵽ߽սıļӳ֣һѾ߽ս۷弶˰ɡ
Ҳ˵ǵӺͼӳˣ˵
ͷлӦˣֵֻӺͼӳ֣ɲͨô򵥣Ķͨҵ壬תΪսļǿ߱Ĳࡣ΢һ˵˵ǵӺͼӳ֣ϸڷ棬ǻûиĶٵתΪսͷǳ˼ˡ
ҲǸпİ档
Ƿٵнܿ㵽ǻɽȺڵء
ɽȫǻɽлɽɽʹĺˮ¶ԶǺܸߵġ
ͬģħҲǶ಻ʤ
ԱĵطﻹǺģ˸ŹâʯͷҲЩɽӿҽлĸ˵˵Ѿǳˣ㹻ǿԲǧڵķΧˡ
ԶԶرɿЩɽΧдĺޡ
ຣޱȽ⣬ǰɽģȻˮ֮ޣǲܳɽɻɽɢһЩҽʯֲǶŰġ
˶ĺޣл̾Ȼһʶ
ÿһ޶ԵôŹ֣ЩģЩĺޣɾһֺޣ˾޷жˡ
ка֮࣬ǧ򣬳ǶԺرϤģʶĳǣ޷֪Ƕʲô츳
𣡡
л˵Ļɽڸһȥƺǣȴħţ壬ͨɢŻɫâһ˫۾ǻɫĺ޷һ춯صĺУ𶯵ΧˮҵĲ
Щڻɽĺ޶ʱ̼ܵķ׷
һʱ޺Ӷģ𶯵ǧĺƽ϶˺ˡ
ĺޣÿһֻ¶ɭɭݣѪĺУһԾԾԵӣҪл뿪
ȡ񣬲λΪУͨл˶ĺޣҲ潻档
ĺһ˫۾˸ɭĺâɭɭĵﲻӭ࣬뿪ٸǰ벽ɱ⣡
˵ȡ񣬲붯֣˭ңҲݹҲлͬı̹ǣͬһƵлĿдˣлҲоڲʹ÷ԲǧڵĿһӱ׹ĺߣЩͽ׵ĺ޷˻һҪƴӡ
࣬Ѱ·ຣŭ
лĵ˵ֻȡȥȡ͸ңҲΪѣ뿪Ȼݹɱȥ
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ຣ˫ɫ۾ƺлȼգǱս˼һĻֳܸ
лɨһຣޡ
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˱ǰƮȥǵͨɢ΢΢·һ㣬˸еƺԷļƵء
ĸо˵ܰңҾ㣬Ҳֱ˴ˡ
𣡡
ຣ޴ŭ׳Х
µĺ޵ʱơ
лһЦ
лû̶ˣֻΪѹõϾʥ֮Դˡ
ͷţѹƵǧס
л֧֣֮оȻγһӰبؼ䣬ǻɽǰĸߴεһӽӵǰຣ޷׷׵ҷһӱóһֱͨຣ޵ǰ
˿µһĻҲຣΪ֮㵡
ûЭٶȿ˻˷Χֳ治ϵԾţͬ˫ĿбĻ棬Ϊ棬˺ɱ
ָһ㡣
ݣ
ĺХ˺һУ̵ֲָ۳һֱӶȥ̺ͨӣӳ֮һ
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䣡
ŵʱѣǵȥƲֱຣޣǿȵຣҲò
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лЯ̣Ȼٶȣͬһ㣬˲Ϣǧףһӱ㵽ǻɽڣĺûзӦ
ຣҲ赲
𣡡
ຣ޵ϧս̬
лһüҷŵľٶѾ֤ˣûɱɽʲôĵĴڣҲģֻȡ񣬾κζٲ֪ôݹлˣ
Ǳŭຣ޵ʱһл
лле⺣׺Ҳ֪Լ
Ǹлຣ޵
ʥ֮񱩾л
ຣ޻ɫ˫Ŀ˸ĺâò˵Խȥֻȡ񣬲øɱģ򣬾лҲƴɽҽͬھ
ı仯лȻ⿴ġ
ô֪ҵģлԸоຣΪԼݣŻÿͨеģǾ
ຣ޵һἰ㡣
˵֮㲻ٶԡ
ΣлҲ֪ʣҲ״̳ɽڣѰҳҵ񣬾ʣһʮսʼʾѪˡ


1569  һ
׻ɽɷǱѰ
ݾͽռ˺׻ɽ˵ϹʱǺֲ֮һĺ׻פء
׻壬кףǺǿ֮һǷڵرҲߴ岢Ĵڣ˵ߴ֮һһ巢ͻܾˣ˭Ҳδռˣɴ˿ɼ׻ôǿ
Ϊ׻פأĻɽȻڲͬص㣬еҽҪͨɽ¶ȸ߳ʮ
ֻǺ׻壬Դ밲ģ˵׻֮ǿǰսʶбɽڵĻɱ飬ǻĿ¡
׻פؾǷǷ̸̾
лΧ˵·ҽΧɽ棬ȻҲлÿһ涼ǽӽĴڣЩѾ۳ɵһ𣬲ɽƺһЩţҲĵ۽۵ģȻսԶЩŽƻ
Ще˼лЩŵĻ棬̲ס̾
ֹ˼̵üļ䷺һ˿޵ĹΣ㿴ЩѾɾĻ棬ȴûΪЩڶ̺һ΢ꡣ
ʥ֮ԴԵʣ̶ĸӦԶǳܱȵġ
лꣿ
ûÿһڶһ΢꣬ҵƶϲĻ׻Ѿһط𣬲˵ĳɳ׳ġ̵¶֮⣬׻Ӧÿһ˶Լ𣬲̥ʱ򣬾ͻиǣһ澫ڣʼ츳ߵģԺ׻սƾ춯أһɣɽײ㣬пгԽĴڡ
׻壬˵ǿʢʱڣ˲ǧʮ˵һսҲֻܾˣ˭ҲûռϷ磬˵ĻǺɨһ壬ܹ߱ϹŹŽ忹ʵлпĵ
Ͼ׻ǹϵĺǿ֮һ˵ҲΨһĺ壬⺣Ȼȴڵر治ȥ׷ɱģԺǺΪ˵ŻǰĹΣӳ͸·
лϸֵܿѩļܿһۡ
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лߣӣߺߵĵǾͿҽһƵ
˵ЦУлϷһΣһҲ˹ΣȻֻļʮ֮һǷĹâȴ˿ģҲյ͸¶׳һ
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л̿ͬʱһǶһ˿Ĳͬ仯ǾھȻͨʥ΢
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ȻûǴﵽƷĴڣ滨ݣͻȻؼĴԪɳģͬһȻӦаģŻȻµġ
Ҳʼ仯ˡл
˫Ŀ΢գĵĸӦš
Ҫ̵ģлеƵõһ˿˼ʶ鲢ûá
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ƯںˮУˮڣɽһƬʱлðһͷںڵ㷢趯˫Ŀ΢գǰʥ࣬һϮȹյ͸ԡ
˵
·ĽлУͬƷ̫ˣľĶǣԣлˣаⷺģӵӿȡ
ı仯ȫ̵ĸ֪С
ǵȻϸһĨĺΣںڵĳëҲһ󶶶ʾĵı仯
˵ųĵƷĳֺƵء
ԭƯΧĻ׷׵Ծǻ۹Щ۳Ļţ˻ֵĸоϵػ۹
л̶Դ˺޸оǵֻб˴ˡ
˿˿Ļٵѹ
ԭĥ̴СĻǶ׵ҲѸٵСգۼСָֻ׸ǴСӣȥӵ̺ŸΪֲ
ЩǰĴڷ׷׵ĻΧ
лϵǹâʢƬ֮󣬾ͿĻ׷׵ӿ̵ڲзǳٵһлڲ
Щ룬лʱиӦϴӷָоûпȥӣǹ۲š
ЩУĴ̼лػʥ塣
лΣ߶ػʥ塣
öػ֮ƯΧ·ţǻ澹Ȼ֮£öػ֮ڡ
öػ֮Ψ׵ػ֮ǿĽɫ磬Ķûʲôر
ľȥлԸо׵ػ֮ڵĽɫȻļ󣬷·ɫ缳ȡľתΪɫʹýɫǿ
ٿöػ֮ܡ
ػ֮淺ɵĴ֮ԽԽŨһ˸еޱȺصĸо
л΢΢
һĸоػ֮ܽİ֣仯Ϊ׵ػ֮һ㣬еķҲģ仯ڵĴ֮ġ
֮ģǴľ۶ɡ
ִ֮źܴ
˵ʮĻô֮ľܹ׵Ĺؼڣܹô֮ļȡ޾Ĵ֮Ӷϵɱ䣬ϵسɳ
ͻͻ
Ĳ֮ĵĲ
һ˿˿Ĵ֮Ӵ֮ɢϵǴػ֮ڣʹôػ֮淺Ĵ֮ԽԽʵγһظػ֮ܣʹôػ֮ܵķõ


1570  
ԭػܾ֮ʥĸ죬Ѿֵܹ˽սʵһٶȱ仯Ȼûʲô֮ģлܹȷػ֮ܵķѾﵽһǳ˵ĸ߶ȣֵܹ˽սȫĹ
öػ֮ܵı仯˵ػ֮ȣеѷɫˣػ֮Ѿһ㵭ɫΣɢŨŨ˵ܹƵãɱϾޣҪǷҲһƣصĻǲеģǵõ㹻𾫻лͷػ֮ƺһ
лһͿػ֮ͷųһɹɵɫϢǴػ֮ܺ׵ػ֮ڡ
֮Ϳػ֮ܵķٶ
׵ػ֮ĽɫҲõҷҲӦǿ
ػ֮ܵڴˣ
л̲סЦףʥΪʲôҪöػܱ֮仯аֻʥû˵ҪԼȥģϾлǷлԵġ
̫ˣԴ֮ػ֮ܵÿɵõǿҵսҲŷǳİлܵĵ
лķػʥ壬ҪǿԵĵҲԽԽǿ˵𼫸ߣеıǶսʼģػʥսʼǰҲȻԶԣػ֮սʼʱ򣬺ô࣬öػֵ֪֮սʼҲڻ£лսƷ
β˷ܡ
ֻлϾ̫٣õ𾫻ֻзǳ΢Сһ֣ϣٿ̣ȴǷ˵ı仯
𾫻ٷ֮ʮı̵õûػ֮ܵ˵ǾȻתΪ˶ʹ̵ʵõ˽ڷĳɳֻһĹ̾Ȼﵽս۷弶ľ磬һΪ
лĿǣ̵ĶȻдһ˿ǣƫƫûһ˿ĻϢԾǴľԣֹǴδ˵ģ˻ԣҲʹ̵Ķõǿ
б̵ϰΪ̫ȣȻͳͳ͸ֳлǰ˵ı̬˿ֱð
лһŬƽ
أ
ʮ̵֮ڴһ춯Ľһ֮£Ȼõͻƣʽսʾ磡
̵ͻҲлпѡ

л˫ҺҵŮˣȻҷǼɡ
˭Ůˡ̰һۣĿɿɡ
ܹ˰ͻƣҲȷϲѣҪ֪սʵսʣǿ൱ľ룬Ҳ޷ʱͻƵģɴ˿ɼת˶ٵ𾫻
лӵ̣̾ĵһ
ɣ̵
ǰɣܹκξתƳɶֻϧֻ޷תҪлеʧĵõ𾫻תΪսһĿ߽ܳս۷弶ء
Цս̫ˣ޷תҲǿġ
лʼ磬⵹ǡ
սǿǶ߱Խսĸڡ
˼Ǳ
Ҳ֪Ƿ͵˵ĵزǼǱ·ĻͳͳתΪ𣬿ȴڼȡ
Ҳ²ⲻĻЩӦǺʲô˵ĻһҪ취£ʥǡлԾŵĴ𣬲ɵһͷ
Цǲ뽫ʥڵĻսͳͳ͵ȡ𰡣
֪ߣҲлЦ
Щǲͬģÿһһ΢ڣγɵҲǸвͬȫǧ˵õ𣬲ں֮󣬶תΪģһ£һǧ־ʩչĻһǧһսʩչһǧĻǾʮսҲֻбɱˣϾһǧǱȻǳԽĴˡ
˵Ц䣬Ǳҽڵĵط
ҽӿ¶ȸߵˣ˵мʮȣСҽѾҽķΧ
ҽ·ġ
ۼҲиߵֵ֮ģͼĳǶƷģﵮĳǼֱƷеƷ
ȥɡлЦ
ͷؿлĻУҲûԼֿͷڵոտսʣδȹ̾磬ʺ϶֡
뵽öػ֮ܵı仯лһ߶ػʥ塣
öػ֮γɣл̵Χ

öػֱܷ֮ͷųһ˿˴Уҽ
Ǳ㿪ʼǱ
ܿ˾ûҽڣżʮȸµҽ޷ͻػ֮ܵĵֿҲоȡ
Ϊʲôûأѯʵ
лʼ磬Щҽ̫
̵̫̫ͺ˼Ŀл
˿ɺŶлһ̵ǣ٩˵
̰һۣбڱǰ˵ֻҪ˵ʲô͸ʲô˵Żһժģ
εñ˵£лԷģ϶ҪһƵҵ
лĻ磬̸еûɵһȣȻҲһЩ嶯
Ǳ¶ȼٵ
лػ֮ʼû˿ĶϾлɷЩҽܹвġ
ܿǱ㵽˵ײ㡣
ײ㣬ҽϡ࣬ЩռûҽĴڣǾһӳɳĵط

ʮӣÿһӶǳԼףһһڣȥɢŵҽزǻɫ磬ɿӻǸ˸оĺӵĴ⣬Ҵųĸо
Ƿͬһ㰡渽ŵľȻǴɾ𣡡лǳ񣬲ɵþ̾
ɣǿܹвŽսʵĴڰһʩչĻܻɱŽսʣÿһ涼ҲζţĴˡ
ƷеƷ
ɴ˳һ㹻ˡ
лֱ̽ȥץһõ߱ʥľҲǽˡ
˭Ҷ񣡡
ʱŭ
һӰͻأĴɽڴܳһл̹ȥһ̻ҽҵķ·ҽ˵һб¡
һر
˽ս۷弶
лֻһۣ϶˵ʵ˽սĴڣпڳŽսʵľ磬Եǿߡ
һлöػ֮Ѹǰ
ͬʱػ֮ṩʹôػ֮ܵ
Ҫ˽ս۷弶жǿδﵽ߽ս۷ܷ֮⡣
أ
дػ֮ܡ
лҲǽ
ͷĺ췢üëǻɫģһϮɫľװȫĵĶǻɫģһǹϵĺ׻ص㡣
ٿ佣⡣
ǺȻ񽣣渽һǿȻǳĥɵһ񽣣ͨսʼҪǿĶࡣ
꣡
ǷǿĴػ֮ܵ顣
񽣼ǰС
л׵ػܷ֮ٶȵס񽣣žһ±׵ػ֮ܣǲûм̽飬ͬ׵ػ֮ĽɫӿȥһԶֶˡ
ž
һ춯Уɫ衣
Ǻ׻ֵʹò󵹷ɳȥԵõ𾫻ĽɫϮҲǵˡ
׻˵ŭҪӽٴγ
лҲ̽ץס񵶣֣һ𣬻лϤԼˣ


1571  أΣءһ
Ҫֵĺ׻˼սƯһԣ˶ͬǻɽӣ͸ѹļ£Ŀ˸ĿлͷѣΪолǿ󣬾Կвɿлĳ࣬ҲǶʮӣҲ𺳲ѡ
һӰƮȻ
ӰƹȰ㣬ӵðġ
ϣлˣɵþϲ
˷ǱˣǴĴϣ׷ɱǵĹ޼
Դʹʥһ𣬹޼׷ɱֱ뺣Դ˱ûκϢлаżڿ˻ǣʱл͸еһ˿Ĺ޼⣬ϾǷͨɫ˵ʵδǿ޼Īؼ鱳ʼδֹ˭ұ֤ﲻڹؼʱ̳֣»ء
Ѱң޼ȴͬƾʧһ㣬ʼû˿ټȻ⺣׻ɽײ
л٣þò޼ЦǺǵĵ
лЦϿǲصذȻصˣͻƿ˽սʣϲɺذ
лٵ۹湻ġ޼Ц
֣˵лǺ׻˿ڵ
ûʥ֮񱩾л޼ͷӦûúʧɣ
׻˵ֹʧʵʵɱȹָҵľ߳డǹֳֹһսʤϡ

޼ԾһûЦɣ
㿴Ц𣿡׻˷ʵ
˵뺣׻ഥʱ䲻ǺģΪ׻˹ƧԸ˵ٿЦ˵ÿЦ
л٣Ҽǵֿǰ׼ս۷弶Ҳһʱɣʲô磿޼ȻŤͷл
лЦЦ߽սʡ
ʲô
޼𾪡
Ǻ׻ҲɴӣŵĶл·ڿһˡ
ôܣһడ޼Ծĵ
лҵȽϺðɡ
ɣã˼䶯һ˼֣һʵһ֣ûĳ̶ȡ޼˵
֣ȷһʱ䣿׻˻е㻳ɡ
ϣǣʵˣְеܴһʱ䣬Ҵ߽սʿ˽սʣΪٶޱȣǵõǺ׻İû뵽ںһ࣬лٵı仯Ȼ˾ˡ޼пǧĵ
׻˿лĿޱȡ
ĿлֱƤ
ȣǰ㲻Ҫ۹⿴Ұɡл˵Ż§ס̵ƺڱʾϲŮˡ
ı̲Цˣолˡ
ͨ
׻ͻȻ˫ϥ򵹡
һٶл̶ˣǰ˽ս۷弶ĴڰȻл¹
֣޼æǰ
׻˰ѹ޼лٲͬҵҪɹ
ǰǣлѾһߡ
Ҫлٰæа塣޼˵
лüëһа֮һ˼磬ôȻʥҪĶ֮һǰ˵ĻҲ㣬㲻˵Ϊ˼ĵˣҲȻǵġ
ģ׻˵
Ȼģѵǰ֪˼缴֣Ȼ˼ȻҪնɱģǼȺ˼磬˼˹ͬĿꡣлȻ
ԣ׻˲ű޼
˶һۣ޼֣
ǲ֪лɻͽ򵥵˵һ飬˵Ϊ˼Ѿֹͣսһ¶⣬ҷϹǿǰȥۻᣬϹʱӡǿҲˡ
޼ĵȻô顣
лһս˼磬ûо
޼Ҳ򺣵׻ˡ
ЩãҽںҺ׻ͷһ֮Ҳֵܹ𶯣ڵˡ׻˵
⻰˵лզ಻ѡ
ͷһֵܵ
ǿҪȫļϲֿܹģ㱼䣬лŷ֣Ϊʲô˼˵ļɵʵ˼̫벻ˣЩҪôĳЩطҪôҪĴ̼ܱһ֣»ȫ汬ģǰܱҲܹشġ
׻Զô򵥣ǿʢʱӦܹϹʱһǿĹŽ岻£⺣׶ԾĻ׻ܹܹŽ塣޼˵λǺ׻ܿܵһˣңת򺣺ң֣Ҳ˵е˰ɣʱѹУҲкܴ谭ġ
ǰ뽲ֻ֪а磬ܹʮ岢ǿ壬ȴ֪ǵľǰͽ̡л˵
ô˵ǣҲúҸе࣬ϾѹеĳޣҪˣ޷𣬸Ǻ졣
΢գϢЩңòƽϢл˵һѪʷ
˵Ľл޼̸оо˼ΣԼ磬ǰ˼ǣħ齨̲ͬǲȡһָ
ԭ׻Ǳһаġ
ۼʵһȫʮ˹Ҳֻֻǧ˵ĺ׻嶷ƽ֣˭Ҳκβ˭׻ӴĻɽΪռһƣһնɱ
ɲ룬ҪֳʤʱаͻȻ֡
ԭƽƽб
аĹ֣躣׻Եɱ¾µǣаһص㣬̿ͼ塣
óһԣŻ֡
µĳоνһֱҲᶯֺģΪǸо屻յʹһʼ˫ս֮аڰȵһֳ֧ˣ򺣵׻뿪ɽ֮󣬱⵽˻ԵĴ
׻˾쳣ϡ٣һһս˲أٱϮһӾú׻ľأձһɡ
ʱ̣ƾ⺣׻ɽڵص㣬һӹһӲдʱ䣬мο壬Ϊ⺣׻ɽ̫⣬ѪӡԴ˺Ӱ죬վ֧Źչǧ˵ľء
ɲ룬Ȼһٶȷ֣һаٶȳ֣Σĺ׻岻òıɱУشˣǵгȴңսͳͳľΨ˵أɸݺҵ飬ЩƺҲˣͳʧȥټѰһ࣬ûаټ
аһĺǵֻ֪˵ҲܳΪ޼Ļɡлü
ϵļһ鶯ӲĵΪһѾа͸һ˶߱аѪֻûһģ֮һ߹


1572  أΣء
һ
ͬ𺳵л˾ѣͬռԳĴ𰸡
Ҫ֪һߴ֮һǱʮǰһѪɵģǵѪǼһĴУӶ齨ȫµһ壬ʵ֮ǿ󣬾ǵʱеǿ壬Ǳ滮ΪδԿǿ֮һ
ǾȻˣ
лоǰδеΣ˵籾ףʹ޾вɵֿ˼̵ˣô˼绹ƾʲô˼ҶԿһ屻֪һ֣¹һең˼ʵ൱ΪһģοżĲء
ǰ⻰ɲ˵л֣УһͷɱϾδս֮һ
۾ˮ۾ˣΪܹ𣿲˵Һ׻壬һǰ֣Ҳģң²֪һ嵱һ˼аѪˣѪӡӰ죬ȻֲӰһʱƣǰСʱѾһ㣬оͬ߱һѪҲõ˼Щܹͬʱ߱Ѫˣһĵ峤ϡ
Ȼ˵ĳϣлҲֶ֪ģֻǶһֱĳǱȻǰ˾ŽսʵĴڡ
ô˵һѾа͸Ϊ߹ˡлɫ쳣ء
ΪĴϣһ岢Уһ¶ģǱ𺳡
ߴ壬ʵֻ߱ʮǰߴһѪˣȫģɾˣаҲѪͬ£ôаѪռأ޼еܲ⡣
Ҳܲ⣡˵Ϊ׻߱ͬһѪ
ʲô
ٶ𾪵Ŀźҡ
һ𾪵Ĵ𰸡
һʮǰ˾ŴʥԴ壬Ǿδʮ֮һĻᣬЩδĻһЩ˵ڣıѪȫµߴ塣һ˵
޼ԣͷϿɣȷˡ
Ҽ˵ʱһĲӿλǡںߣԾΪãǿˮеԵʣѪת䣬õһ崫оȻһصµһЩĴУҲгĴڣһǿʢʱŴġ
ȻˣǺһͬ壬ΪҪǲлĵ
Ϊ˻ȫһѪҧгݵĵаѪתǷǵĴ֮󣬱ȡǺ׻Ѫ˱һѪȻʵҲԽ壬ָʮǰһ
лɫ쳣ѿ
һаΣɴһϵе飬磬ѾԺ׻𶥹ʤôǷһĲָֻѪʵΪЩʲôطһܾţ
оǣ˼Ѫɲֹһ㣬֪ʹ壬а壬Ƿأ
ĽߵǶսǻ壬䰵Ż׳а͸һǿ壬ƣôأǷҲͬһأ˵Ļ˼Ѿǳµĵزƾп˼ٲ֮ء
һڱУл
޼ͷ뽫Ȼ˼粻֣Ϳģ˼δһвãܱ֪ӶϢ˼ӵı
ǣǣǷ֮أЩǷҲȡаľٶأл
ǹؼ
˭Ҳұ֤Щεĸǿ壬ǷѪһ֮¾һ֪Ķûмֻ߲֪ܡ
ô޼ʵ
ҵʱҪƾһ֮ܣ˼ҿǼʮأʵǿĲ֪ж٣ֻܼڱϡ
лҪһһ壬ס

޼ͺҶסˡ
һɱǴ١޼ѵ
Ǻǣ壬Ͼһмַ֮лʵ
壿ʮ˼ǿİ˴֮һ壬ܹʮһŽ忹Ǹ壿޼Ծĵ
лЦŵͷǸ壬ѾͶʥǡ
޼ʵδһǴ֣һˣ׾١
ǻĻҿԼ岻ҪǿһЩսл˵ͼ壬ǲµģȻһʥľ壬˵һһ壬֣Ҳܹһټġ
л٣ҾҪ¡
лϽסǰһΪѾ˼磬˵ġ
л٣Ķ飬׻ǡҵ
ĺҵļͷл»ҪǰһЩӡ
ҵͷףףһ̫죬ǱҪСĶԴпƾһڳЩ˼ĸ߹ǣһ򾡣ܴݾߡ
ǰܹòлǷһ˿Цǻ޷⣬ڴ֮ǰ˼ͳͳǸһشӦòѰɣ˼߿в٣õҲ٣㲻ħ޵ɽһΣҲȫԽͷµĸһλԵĴɡ
ȻҰȻȻҲ֪ͷжôǿ󣬿Һ׻ʱʮ֣ǧ֣ǰٷ֮һɺɨʮսʣֻҪӳҪֲſ
ٷ֮һɨʮսʣ
лһ˿Ц⣬˼ϣ֮⣬ͷ⣬̫ôǿˣ⺣׻ɽȫϷȫɱһͷ
֪һ߹أлԣνջķˡ
л٣Ϊ˳񣿡޼Ҳתƻ⡣
һлҪȫȥ
˵بźƷ˴󷽣˵лҪΪ𣬿ɱϾһع⣬һҪлģҲҵԸ
ֻһɣʥľл˵
޼Ȼʥľ壿лҵʥľˣ
лЦҴбΪʥľġ


1573  һ
ʥľһУлҲûҲˣʥľѾǲɱˡ
лĻΪ˷ܵأΪʥʵԽǿζɱһ壬аĻԽʥľǿɲս壬ʮһŽʥľҲҪֵġ
ҪʥľҪᣬʮսʼʾѪкᣬǺڵģǰһ㹻ʣµľѰʮսʼʾѪˡл˵
޼üʺңʮսʼʣ̫ˣҴڼصʾħҪﵽʮսʼ뾭Ŵɱ䣬ǿɲǵǱɱ䣬ûдʹһκ˵ģѳɾ͡
лüǰһ⡣
֪һʮսʾѪʱ򿪿ˡ
է֣
л̾ϲĿ򺣺ңǷ֣⺣һǸǰȻܹ⣬һǳһʾѪ
Ǹ壿лʵ
׼֮һɳң˵
ɳң
лҡҡͷδ˵ôһĴڣǺ׼壬ǸǲˣϾǺԵģǲ룬Ǻ׵ĺ̫ࡣ
׼򣬵ʵߵҲܹЩǧϹż壬ΪǶڵر޷棬׷ɱ߸ԭģչк챦ıأǷչˣԶ޷͵رǻúĳִͺ֧֡ҽ͵
ǿģ˭Ըں
лɳǸʲô
һС壬ڲǧʱ䣬һǰɳҵõ˾ޱ䣬ʵֱ׷Щǧǿ˵
ʲô
лЩȣǧǧĲ̫࣬ˣǾͬһСƨԶʮˣ̫ˣȻ꣬׷ȥɲһ㡣
״̫ıأ̫챦ԶʱһЩرУͿһ˵ˡ
һ壬ҪóʾѪûôסü𣬡һʮսʵʾѪȫһЩ츳ԵˣŽսʵģǲóѵǿ
Ʋѣǻǿжȡġл
ҵǵҲأɳҵ峤ΪɳѾǾŽսʣΪڱչڼ䣬ɳ⵽Ϯȳ֣Ȼ֪Ϊûе侳磬ȴѾȣˮɳһŽսζں׼дڶУ侳磬ôɳұؽλ½֮ǰгļҲܳû֣Զɳ˵ˮҪģȫԻȡһʮսʼ֮Ѫ˵䣬һһСƿӣǳˮ
⡭лֺǸˡ
ƺԼ׼׵ˡ
Ҳȷ֪뵽һǰ׻˷һеսʶĶҾȻĺúõأҲȻǱڼõһ࣬ϣܸʥǴ˰ɡ
ҾͲˡлӹ˳ˮ
ҵлپȥҶԣãܹʥľԺҪʥľİ
лͷ˭Ҳѱˡ
˵Ψһĺ׻ˣֻҪܹʮսʾ磬Ѫɱ䣬ӶıһЩ˵ѪΪ׻壬ٶȴոµĺ׻壬ο׻嵱ߵһˣҲδضˡ
񣬵лõʾѪȡɣЩѾﵽޣʱ䣬ұŴ߶ǳɳͻƣЧá˵
Ǿ鷳ˡл
лҲ뵢ʱ䣬õˮ֮󣬾ͺ뿪˺׻ɽݺṩĺɳҵפصͼֱɳҶȥ
;УҲǶԺ׻ɽ֮ип࣬ǵ֪һȻ߹顣
Ҫ˲֪ǼĪΪ
һô꣬վǱ¶ˣֻǲ֪Ϊһǣ߹ǻж١
лĵĻʥǵ
˭ұ֤ʥûˣû߹
¾޷ȷƵһ壬һ壬ҲûаյģϾ͸ֶ̫ˣһ嶼͸ˣȫƿأŵʵ
ҪǣǸо˼Σ
˵֮ǰлΪ˼ƴ뷨ھЩı仯ֵʱ򣬿ʥǶҪ׵ģԭõͷչˣ˵Ļô˼˶רʥǷһΧжأ
Ⲣûпܵġ
лоΣҪΣΨǿԼܵĴﵽǷĸ߶ȣĿܣҪ뷴ǾҪﵽһ߾ˡ
Сʱ֮ǷԾǧɽˮɳҵפء
ɳңλںĳɽУ˵صĸɽ޾ۼŴľסڴˣд󲿷ֶɳҵС壬лһˣ޵۹ؼҲļ͵ֻЩСϺףлͲˡ
ɳפһռʮƽ׵ӴɽȣΧǸɽһЩͺ޵ľסأҲػɳңɳҵĽߣ⺣ڣÿһ嶼ͺŹ˵ĽЭ顣
лɳפعȿڴ
ʲôˣ֪ɳص𣿡ɳ߳סǵȥ·
лȥ˵ʥ֮лá
ʥ֮лû˵ҡ˭ɳ˲ͷİ֣Ȼʲôɴ۾ŵĽе㣬˵˭
ŶС
лһѣȻ̬ʥ֮лң
εƺƵֱͬӴɳ֮ڣԲڵ˶ܹ
̼䣬ɳҷˡ
ɳ˶׷׵ӿ
лٴݹ٣ɳԡһۻǴɳڴһǰ
л۶ŽսʣϢȶ޷ȶȻͬ˵һʱܵ侳ΣС
ɳ峤ͲǼðģлЦ
ұ˻лٵвʲôлаżڵĿһսĿùɳЦ
л΢΢һ漴׹ɳȥаżѰܹȹ̾ĶȥˣҲΪԲҶֻ֣ΪԹˡ
ɳƣл룡
峤ˣ룡лЦ
ɳ֮£һ˱ֱɳڡ
лϢͬһ㣬գۼ㴫׼ڣ˲֪˲лٺˡ
л֪ʵں׵֮ʢ½أΪںļս޿ˣȥȻˣԼɱ˽սʵսǺ䴫һʱ
Щԭɳ״̬ȣҪûԸɳҵҲһʱϢˣûǸ


1574  
ɳһʹл˱ҲͬǼüһãȴֻɳһڴˣɳκһ˴ڣ֮Ķû㡣
лǷ֣ɳЦ
лʼ磬е⡣
û취ҵľ粻ȣʱܵ侳磬Ͷɳ˴ģɳҵսʼϸѾȫ÷ɳ̹ϣ˿û˼лٵɳѾ֮ˡ
峤񲢲ţл
̾һɳɳڴ½֮ϣ׷·ţò뺣׹棬ľ棬Ҳǲˣ˵Ѿ޷ֿǵĽ
л̾һ˵ľѴﵽǷĵز³Խľֹһ㣬Ѷ治ɫĵز
лΪλͻȻɳң֪кָ̣ɳ
Ϊ峤ˮл˵óˮ
ԭƽɳһͫ˫ֽץסΰ֣ޱȵĳȣ˵ˮԾƽġ
һƿˮȹھŽսʣܹɳҲ

³һ
ɳȶľлٲ޹ͳˮɡ
̬仯һжл˵УѸٵȶлҲǰ޲ѡ
˱Ȼܴﵽľ
峤˵ûϣóˮ峤һл˵
ɳ
ˮ
һ洫һĸߴӴ̤˶ɢǿҵ
˽սʣ
лˣжϳľ磬ֻǲͬǣ˽սʾȻлһ˿ΣУлָоİ˽սʣҲΨкְ˽ս۷弶ģɴԾǰ˽ս۷弶һξġ
ɳƺ򵥡
л뵽˺˵ĻɳڰǰõһӶɳһԾΪǿļ֮һġ
л٣λܣɳšɳܵ
ɳſлǵ񱩾ļٵģ˵ͦ𣬿ȥҲô
ɳȵŲ񣡡
ɳںӣлɵ¶һ˿Ц⡣
ι˵лǰɣ㷽˵ʲôгˮɳŶлеСƿӡ
ˮл
ɳ۷Ź⣬ЦɳҪˮأȻˣҾͶлˡ˵Ҫȥá
ɳüͷһ壬û˵ʲô
ҪˮԡлˮóһʮսʼʾѪ
ʲôɳŵʱðɣлأˮȻ뻻ȡǵʾѪ
˵ˮĹõȷѷɫʮսʼʾѪ
ɳҾҪ
ɳҾòףϡлĵ׼ɳҵ״óˮΣ
ɳüͷ塣
һʮսʵʾѪԣŷǳãѾǾŽսʣǱûﵽޣȥһʾѪһļʳʮսʣ㲻ܳɹǴﵽŽս۷弶ҲǿԺк׵ģɳǷ
ûгˮЩ롣
ɳɭлŲţ߲ɳң
ɳŭȵ
硭ɳŵ
ɳߵȥлٸ˵Ǹӣʲôʸлָֻţȥ
ɳűȳ࣬ǿɳɷڵӣǺݺݵĿлһۣ˳ȥˡ
лǿ׼ɳұҪóˮˡɳ̾һһӡ
峤ҲǱƲѣһʾѪҶԣҲŷǱѰáл΢һ£ɣֻҪɳʥ޺ԺʥǱ㱣ɳβΣ
ã
ɳһֶμˡ
ʥǱΣǿɳҳ÷չȥϣʥǵһܹɳġ
һʮսʵʾѪɳóһ͸СƿӣһκľѪ
л״һϲ
ʥľڼ
ƷƷ˵ҪռǷǳѵأû뵽˿ıܹˣҲʥľʹȻ
˽Ʒ
õһʾѪлĻ˼¡
磡
Ӱɳٶȳ
ɳܣѾ񡣡
磬ǿʮսʵϣɳҵϣɳתŭллҽʾѪ
˵䣬ɱȥ
ɳ״ɵñŭ粻ȣ޷ֻ֣ŭȵɳţɳ𣡡
ɳȴѾܲˡ
۶ſҰɱɳţлʾѪ𣬵ȻĿɳţǰһȭ֮ǿɺѵأȻǾųһȻɳųûбġ
һҲлˡ
˵ǲ֪ô˵ֻǳˮȷɳҳԿʥǱɳΣǿɾɳռˣȻɳǰ侲ˣҲ֮󣬼ĵͬˣ˻˾ýѵ
뵽˴лҲһͬųһǰȭ
ںһݷȻѣѸٵı˵צĴлı۰ȭͷ֮ϣʹȭͷʢ;׵ĸо
أ
ȭͷײ
лƺһµһ׵ľ룬ֱۻЩ飬ٿɳҲֻǵ΢Կѡ
ͬΪųĶԿʹ˶ȻûռϷ硣
ؼһǣɳԶûдﵽ˽ս۷弶ĵزǰ滪̶һεģ˵óĽ۾ֻһܡ
ɳŵĶˣ
ɳŵĶͨĽףǶ屶ĵز˵лս֮ǰս
лͽ׵ֶδʥǣѡ˭ʲôʱϾڼ޵Դ֮£ûܹõؼʱ̣Ը緽ģʥǵУֻбĲſʼ裬裬̵̣ȶδʼԣֹ˷лĶֶܹռ
ɳžȻˡ
е˼ȻܵסҾųɵɳЩ㵵ĿллռһϷ磬Ǿȡ
л۶ɳţ˼ת
ɳҰǰһɳһɳ죬ӺͨΪǿļ֮һѵǴԭ
ǵʲô
ţɳŭȵ
лֵ峤ӣҲһɳҸֵʵ
ɳɫ΢䣬ΪлҪû֡
ǲڣɳѾЦãǾ͵һսܴңұ㲻ʾѪ
㣬˷ʱȥ档лһ䣬ڿնһĽٿȻȫͬҲӥһ㣬ӿɳţȫ
ҪɳţҪ̽ɳŵĶ仯̶ȡ
ɳŴŭΪ˭ȻôСҡ
ŭɳҲޱȫ汬˵˫ֳצ״ݺݵ˺лɫħ⽻緢Ķͬһ㡣
л۾𣬶Ǻɫħ⣬ȻɳŶı仯һнǹħ⡣
ħɳŵĶõ൱ǲûȫĶڣ˵ˣ˵ĳԶмӳֵá
лȤǣħǷսдʹ׵أ


1575  ָ㡾һ
ħлȤ
ȷħΪʲôɳܹѸĸǰĪħ⣬лɳҲŨȤ
һ̣лҪɳо͸ĳ嶯ħͷ
һãɳ峤ɳһĻɫ΢΢һ䣬ľѾĵزܹͨľﵽ˾̽ã츳ֻһ۱ܿл״
һĶԸɳţһ˼⡣
Ȼ֪˼ʲôɳܹжϵĳ϶ħ⡣
ħɳҵĸܣɳһҪعĸоǲƫƫ춯ˡ
ɳһͷħı仯̫ˣܹģ˵ԽսЦɳ˵̫ѵģһĶõлοɳŵĶ֣
ˢ
˫˺ɳӲǽ˺һƬĵĿռ䣬ͬڶһ㣬һУħ⶯ܵӰ졣
лһ˫ȭػ
˺ѵĿռ䵱ȭͷı鿪ǷһֹصĶ˺ѿռ䣬ǿǶӣֱӺɳŵϡ
أ
һħɳŵϱ
ħػɳû취ֿǿħȭ֮µ飬ǲɳŵǰأѪɳȥ
ħػɳһĻ˶ɵˡ
ħػɳζʲôǾڣҲɳܹŴУʤĸԭ
ħȻˣǾҪɳŵ˴ġ
ɳ𾪡
ſɳҲɵˡ
лоͬħУЩо·ħδȫ͸ƺЩطûܹ⣬ԲŻ޷붷ڣףֻõӳֶѡ
лٵĶˣɳһƽľ
лͷ
Ķףڵرͱ֪ˣֻǾ˲֪ˣɳħ⣬ҲûҪʲô

ɳһλڴҪˣлˡ
ˣлʧЦ
þŽսʾȻƺΪˣʲôʸΪ񣿾Щڼ񣬿ûϿǵġ
ǿߡɳĵ
򣡡лͬʱͺ
ԭֻһգͨ˶ԣǾĺޣ׺жǿж٣֪
л֪ˣڿŰǰЩ̬ǿǣΪ֮˵Ѷӳ˯޷ѽƣʼմڱĽ׶Ρ
ԺһǰɳҼһɳ죬Ϊװ֮һ֮ġ
ɳҲûһĿ
ȥֻʮ꣬ʵͳˣɳҲˣֻΪﵽһ̶ȣ䲻ܷϻͯʮòǿԵġ
еõһ֪ڰǰģϣ˵õܹ磬ͨϵõָ㣬ɳҲŴﵽĵزҲָ㣬ܹǿг£˴սҲûм̵侳磬ǻϣ־Žսʾ硣ɳ˵
ˣ治򵥣
лǱȳ֮ǿдսĺȻ䲻侳磬һᱣ־硣
λԣɳҵõħоʮ֮һδɹֶΣҲʼûκεͻƣԴڸɳңĿѰܹɳʵ൱֮ˣܹħвķˡɳĿлл߽սʾȻܹܰ˽սʵħ⻤壬ȻѾλҪķΧлҪλˣܹõ˵ָ㣬֪лǷԸء
ҵȻԸ⡣лЦ
ôõ飬ɵϲŻܾ
ɳתɳŭȵллٷδȫȻѾˣҪΪħ⣬ͺ˲á
ûȫɳһĲš
ߣûõĶĥľȴֻ֪ɱɱѵһܿɣɳŭ
ɳȻ֪ɳνľʲô壬ɳתڣһɹ͵ɳܹ츳Ϊһ壬ɳԲῴģʱһлδȫ
ʶлĲࡣ
лڰ֣ôɳţ峤Ҷȥ֮˰ɡ
룡ɳ̬ŵĺ֪ܵͣлܻЩǴ̫شˡ
뿪ʹֱһɽ֮ڵɽ
ɽǲԼʮ˵л޷ҵڴ˵ɳر֮أȻҲɳΪԺԤı֮
ɽصı֮УлڿɳǰһõƷ
ˮ
һöʦʹõˮҪһˮͨ͸һܹԱߵһУͨɿ֮Ż֣ᷢˮھȻһ˿·ĳְС
ϵڡɳָˮ˵
лǾͷ峤ϵ֮˰ɡ
ɳͷǰȥ
δɳʩչ֮˴ڸķͼˮͻȻһƷƸһģƮ죬ƺԽǧɽˮ͸һɹӲϢ˸еһԵı׳С
ɳȻţȻû뵽ˮȻӦ
ܿ죬渡һŲϵݣһ˫ǵ۾ڿл֮󣬶Ȼ˵Ĺ⻪
ɳһ֪л̱Ϣ֮˸ӦǰķӦٶȾ֪Ǻеļʮսʼĺ£Ҳû֮˵ں֮һǱ֮϶ΪȻܹԽʮսʵģлȴǵ
¡֮˵
ǣɳֻ˳ȥ
ɽֻʣлˣˮֳǿߡ
߹ãſڵҵĺӻðɡ
ӣ
л̶һۣе㷸ɵЩǿߣǶµĴڣÿһǳ˯ģǵĺҲаǡ
ӣлͷһԲԶͨ
΢΢ͷ
Ȼضһ֮ĳɳΪѹʥľͨȻ
ǰһаãѾʮսʼлʵһܹǿܾˣͬʱӡ˴˵£ܹǰ׼ͨˮĿֲڣͷǸĴˡ


1576  ָ㡾
Զͨĳ֣л̸оһ˿֪ԶʱڵһЩ飬Ҫǣܹõָ㡣
ɳ˵ˣҲûţȻΪѲѣ޷ƿƣ޷뿪򣬽ͨˮϵҲоֶΣܹħʮеһ֣Ψһûгɹġ
ɳңȻǰȻ˴ﵽҵҪ󡣡Զͨ
лǣҴɳŵħػ
㣿ɳŵħػԭƽˮԶͨʱ˫ĿһĨ⣬ͬԽǧ͸лꡣ
ǽлڱһѹһеӲǽĿ
Զͨ۾ɴˡ
ͬʱлˮһ࣬ƺ𶯣·Զǿ߶ˡ
ǵ綷Ǹ˼СһԶͨƺ͸ǵڵȷлݡ
лԼͷǶڡ
ｫ˸׳졣
СӣصҲǰ֣Ÿ˼ϣİɡл뵽һΣͷͻȻֵΣͷɵ
ҡԶͨƵ̾һһʱַӡ
лͷһƺ˵ԶͨʵͷҪǿһЩ룬ͷļɵжϺȲ½ɣҲܿԶͨı̬֮
ǰл
֪ʲôûʱ㣬ˮܵޣȻܹ߽սʵľ˽սʵħػҪʱҵһ͸ҵĺӡԶͨ˵ѾϢɽޣﵽʮս֮󣬾ȥʱ򣬲ǼʱҲ֪һеʱ򡣡
˵лҲֻܴӦ
Զͨ˵ڿʮսʣʸҡ
ꣿлеһй
һսʳ߽սٶޱȣҲǽʱ䣬Զԣ¶㹻߽սʿ˽սʵѶȡ
Զͨ̾һ
̾Ϣͬشлϣӿһɲľͷл
лʶ䣬ã֮ڣұȻ򣡡
˵ǹ٣ǰݼǹӷâֱ͸죬ɽһҡΣ·Ϊ𶯡
ţϣԶֻͨǵ˵֪֮ѡΪԿ֮ˣΪʱʵˣûʸģҸӦ˼ֵУֻڵλ˱ʸ˶ġ
ֻڵλ
лͷ˼£νɲǿʵģǿ츳ģܷԦЩ
Ҳ˵˼绹ǱԶͨأԶԿͷģһлŭͷͷĿıԶͨλһĴڣҲ޷ѹеŭ
Ҳлͻŭˡ
Ϊʲô
ǰΪʵ𣡡лĿʵġ
ԶͨƽӣΪء
ǰͷע⣬ҳΪڻңǰӿ֮ڣлǳķŭˡ
̵ɫҲˢһ±ˡ
ͷлرգѾ˼磬綼֪ġ
ԶͨѡǸõеһԿĻôǱȻǱͷעȡڻûгɳ֮ǰĨɱġ
лѡУôлͷעлΪ˱ݻ˵ףлֻһڻңһ˶ĿĴڣлѸٳɳ
лβŭ
ȻãǱڻõġ
ŭ˵ɷȴӵı䣬һ˫۾޸ĶԶͨȴش
뷨ȫȷԶͨƽ
л˫ȭսͷ֣ĶԶͨ
ŭͬɽһ㣬ле裬е˺⣬ȻãѾ޷صıãܸܲͷΪ˱ݻڻҰɣ˵ͷǷţͷɱĶ֮һ

ӣлǷŭĻƽϢ
ֻعƽƽĵ֪ǰǴ˼Ĵֳģ˵һˣĺӣҲԥȥģҲ㣬ƶȻͬʵ񵶣ʮ㣬лˣҲ˭ʸգûʸãԶʥʣҪɱңҲҪ̤ڽ£
ûеԶͨ˭֪ԶʥǳԽԶͨĴڣʵָԶͨ
̫ˡԶͨ̾
лЦѵΪ˼ȥͲѵܹжϵĳ˱ҸǿƾʲôƾԶͨ𣿾ͿҵңԼţҲ죬û˿ҵˣΪûʸǰ仰гһգлͽһ̤ڽ£Ҿδذ𣡡
Զͨƽ¶һĨŭ֮ɫߵˣ̫ˣܷʮսʶδ֪ߣΪʮ߽սʺ˲𣿸㣬ڰǰֻеƫϵ츳ܷﵽ֮ͨδ֪Ҫǿߣ
л¶һĨЦ⣬ǰ㲻ʦԤ⣬ҺӰ죬Ӵ̼ɹ
ҹ֮ԶʥʣϹʥʣһʮǧһʮˣδʧһΡԶͨ
Ҿǰʧһΰɣлĵȴ͸ױȵš
ԶͨȻҲʧһΣ˼Ҳˡ
лĵٴηһ˿ŭ𣬺ܿƽϢ֪ѾΪԶͨٹ̵Ĺ֮γɶɵͷǲԷŷģΨƾԼʵſԡ
һоʵж֤ɡлĵһתǰʲôԸȫԸ
ؽҺԶͨ
лЦлǰ佱Ϊ˼һӣûΪ˼ս뷨ҲҪΪԼѶսֻҪܹˣǳΪڻΣ
Զͨ˫ĿһĨʣǺãֻҪҵһҵĺӱˡ
ԣǰҰ࣬Ҿǰʧл֪νһɲô򵥡
ͨڣȻأһЩַ
ڴ֮ǰ˳飡Զͨ˵


1577  ָ㡾
飿
ԶͨҲ֪飿
л̶һۣеЩȻ鲻ϹʥʺŮ˴ôԶͨҲ֪أ˵ʲô֪İ
ǰҲ֪飿лɻĵ
Զͨĵҵȱӡڵһʱռ˵壬һЩֶΣɢ˼طĿľϣܹк˵õٳɳֻϧõҳɳֻϹ˻ʣϹʥʣȻЩ˵õɾ֮ȴдĳɾ֮ͣµġ
Ļٶл𾪡
ԣԶͨʵѾﵽ˼ĵز˴˻ӡĹУȻ˵ز
ǾǰҶһ֮ɡл
Զͨ飬ҪǶŮĪİҹСŮ޵ʥ֮Դǽұϵ֮ǰĹܣתɾʥ֮ԴϣδɾͣΪ˼ս
лЦ̵õЩʱ򣬱˴ģΪʹ
õģԶͨЩԾĵ
ľ֮ȹ̣޿ɺȻΪԾ
̵ҵõľ飬飬ʥ֮Դǽ͸һ߰ҵģǽǱγġ
Զͨԣͫһлò˵ѹܱ꿴أöۣõöܹꡣ
ֻˣõ֧֣ڸǿʢлȻ˵
Ծ޷Żڻҵˡ
ӵˣΪıлʸˣӦȫĳڣƾԼʵ߹ġ
Ҳʵһ֡Զͨ
лʼ磬ҲôΪҵȻп¼ĺܵͣѾ㹻ˣŬǹؼ
ԶͨлƽϣУѾ϶лܳΪͷǰĴڣҲı
ְԶͨ»ع鷽棬һܹıǵսҲӦᵽˣֻҪԼʲôǾܹںϼӱܹκһǸãΪʥ֮ԴԴ֮Եı仯߼׵ʱѡһ֣
лҲ룬˵ڶ֣
˿ٵľԶͨһ㶣ϣǵڶ֣ΪԹߣˣѡһ֣˶мذڶֻżذлûٺôġ
ȷԶͨ
ȷлش
Զͨ¶һĨЦ⣬׽͸֮ˮһ˿˿Ѻۡ
ԶͨԽµĽƣͨˮǧɽ͸ˮ򴫵ݶ̫ǿңˮֱѵļ
лһԶͨʵͷҪ߳һߣȻǽɵвǿֲ֮
֮л̵ҲɢŵĹΡ
ûãлоԼһѾʧˣһ˿ĺۼʧǲ֪ǷһֱѹֵҲɢһӱлս֮ڡ
̼䣬лһʵǰԽĸо
ϱʼ
ǳĴ⣬׾ͱɣлȴûоʹֹͣǽµ˳ɽŨԪҲ֪ǷΪˮϵԵʣͷųǳĹӲԪǳĴ⡣
ˣ̸㡣
Ͼƿߣܹʥ֮Դǿ֧ãʵҲһ֧֡
˾Ϳʼ
Զͨǲϵݿлʱǹž¶һ˿֮ɫݺ棬ҲһСƺܲ򵥰ٶȣе̬
е˼ˣдɾֻͣڵ˵ķâĿˡԶͨĵ
ϧˣǸʱһʳɹġǸٶ
ԶͨƽĵΪ˼磬һЩҲӦġ
㶼ʧˡ
ˮֵѺҲԽԽ࣬ȥʱܳ׵ı飬һͷųֱл֮ڣǴͨġ
ʱţüļʥ֮ԴҲٶȷ仯ֱֻ仯ǴӾɱΪ񣬶ͼڱı仯ȥӵĪ⣬·̺һ㡣
ʱ֮лͬʱѹ
лһֽţоȫȵ˵̹һενǹؼѾӽ߽۷弶Ĵڣһαչأɿ߽ս۷弶Ҳǽӽ˽սˡ
һһʩչĻᣬϣõʲôԶͨ
ǰ֪ҵĶν׵𣿡лʡ
Զͨһ˿Ц⣬ѾˣҪлл㡣
ҪҲ˼һӡл˵һˬΪ֪϶ǽյĶĸ֣Ҳڻҵˣ˵ڻңҪôǣл൱ˬ侲ĺܣ뵽ԼҪģϣõܹѪֶΣΪ֮˶˼磬൱һֶ͸뵱˼֮УƿһԿǿ壬ϣܹõǰָ㡣
αѪлҪٵ⡣
Զͨ΢һû⡣
˵֮󣬱һˮѵһ̣ΪһֱлĿռָڵö棻һ̵üļ䡣
ˮҲ˳ѿԼܿԶͨݣϣдؽΪ˼֮ڣܹҡ
ˮѣһƬϢʧ
лϵļһ鴤ﲻԶͨĿģȻǶаͬҲиĿģܵͷĿ⣬Ӷ˾ܵʱ䣬ͷ־硣
δʧҾҪʧ󣡡лжЩ⣬ԶͨΪ˼翼ǣԾ޷ǹɺ⡣
˵ڻҵĸоܲˬʱܱɱΣȴӵĿ̿һҪƱŵ
̣ʲôл
̵һӦҲǿԷֱѪġ
лͷǳȥɡ
ɫӵĵ
ָ̽۵ĺ촽ϣлЦûнƵǲģͷҪɱңҲС˵꣬Ц˳ȥ
̿лıӰ̾һҲ˳ȥ


1578  ŭһ
߳ɽл̱ɳˣɳ峤ɳΪףɳڵɳ˶ڴ˵ء
һڴĿл
峤õˡлЦ
еɳ˵ˣǶɳҵĺȨ㣬֪ˮĴڣǿлĿĽͼʣȻǿлȻõ˵˽ָ㣬ӴԺܹһɳ죬Ĵﵽ۷塣
ĿлȴһЩɬ
õʲôʧȥ࣬Լ
õĸолʼ޷ܵıŤУҲֻԼĬĬĳܣܸ߱ȥƽ׵ĵĽš
лջķɡɳЦ
лǰհ
ܹõѪֶΣǴգ̰̾һﲹһ䣬Ĵ۸󣬻޼۵Ĵۡ
֪ɷҵȣɳʵ
ڴɳͬޱڴ
лһ̣ǵǰɡ
Ȼ֪ԽԽãĻ˼Ѫ޴ġ
㽫ڳɳˡ
ˡ޶ۣƺǹɳü
Ǳܹ˼ѪԺ󺣵ҲĿ꣬ҪĿ꣬ȻдѪ͸ɳҲѪɴ峤صı֮˰㡣л˵
ɳЩʧŶһ
˵ֵ֣ˣǾ
лҲķϻ뿪ˡ
̲붺ҪķأȻų񣬻عϾʥľ
л뿪ȻҲ֮˵ע⡣
վɳϿգлԴ֮ɳҽʥǱΧ֮ڣλɳҲʥΪУλΪ֮
ս֧£ͬף˷ʮ׵ķΧ
лҲɳĳŵ
Ļغлûʲôڷʥǵ֪ģǺҲδܹܵġ
ŷٵȥ
뿪ɳҴԼ֮л̣ͣм飬ϣܹӦҡ
鳹֮ĸӦûȫʧ
֪㲻֪Ǳõģ԰ɣ
лЦ߱ˣֻͽ鷳ұͷرչˣѾ֪飬ûбҪٲ飬ֻҪ֪֪㹻ˡ
мɰգ̿лϸ֣ظлգ
ֻҪʱ䣬ٷ֮ٵİաл˵
⻰ʮ㣬ȴ̵һȻһѵĸо
Ϊлûʱ䡣
ͷעϧʦѵʱô仰ĺǣΪûʱ䣬лްĿܡ
һˮ̵л䡣
ظлգл촽һ£һе
л٬̵°ͣ㲻ռұء
ҪռˣôˡһĨЦݣ滨꣬
Ǽٶȣ»ع麣׻פء
ٴ٣Щ޶Դл̬Ⱦͷ˸Եı仯
ຣҲлʾ˻ӭ
һ治֪һֺޣлȤؿຣޣΪ֪˵ķѣȻȴлĸӵˣûЩҲĶˡ
۽ǣຣ˵
գգۣлû˵
۽ǵªš
ªţǵҲǣҶԺ˽ⲻ࣬ǲŵ۽ںǱܹڶλأлЦ
Ǳѯʣ۽ɱˣȴолӣϵѯʣѵĸо׵ƫȵȡ
۽ڰǰгԽʮսʵĴڡ۽˵
лԣڴгһգ㳬Խʮսʼ˵ֱɽײ㡣
̽
ŨŨҽ档
޼ͺ˶ţֻǺЩλãϵһɽɽںҽ棬ʹѸٵĳɳȡﵽĳһ׶Σʱ򣬶ʥľʾ͸ˡ
ڹ޼һ𵽻á
лٻˣ˳޼ʵ
лЦ˳õʾѪеõ˱ѪֶΣɴֶΣʱ򣬾һҪҲǲܵˡ
̫ˡ޼ϲ
̿ɫЩ
ںҵжҪʱ䣬Ҳֻȴ
Ҳģ뵽лɲ֪ܹļ޽ӽ㣬ͬҪֻһߵĻᣬ;ɲԸ
лҲֱԾҽĵطʼ
ҲǣлԶͨµҲʼõ֧֣ʥ֮Դṩ̵İˣٶҲǴﵽ˷ǳ˵ĵز˵һǧ
˵ֽȣ޼Ľʺް
ҲףΪʲô˾ôˣƾʵ
һʮȥˡ
л̱һǿ𶯵Ĵӱչѹ˴ҽ߳ʱͷֲͬˡ
ĳʮ֮࣬ȴֻĳټԭĵطֻʣһɫĻ棬ϵԾţɢĺȻһɲ
ͷɹ񽫻׵൱ĳ̶ȡ޼˵
л治֪ȫɳĴڡ
ӦһĴڡ޼
лͺ
Ȼνǿ൱ʮսʵĴڣʮսʸûʸΪġ
޼ּʼΪ㣬ȻĻŬЩҲԾûнˡ
һϣпܡл
ڳĵĺ˫Ĵһµӡɬһɽںҽڼ棬˸ŵĹΣЩΪɫĳҲһ档
Ȼ䣬˫Ŀ
˫ҲǰٵıӡٶԽԽ죬˵϶ðһڵ
أ
˫Ȼĳȥ
ͿҽȻһ£ߵֱûڣĳɫҲУźұƿصĻһԶͳͳڡ
䣡
񵱼һ档
֮лͷ֣ѸٵСһ̣Ƭ֮СΪֻ׵ĳȡ
ҳһ˶Եޱɹˣ
ϣʥľĶ飬ǻµġл˵
һ¶һ˿ѵõЦݣ漴㱻һž㵣ŭȡһץסлĸ첲ָһůֱлĵڣǽе׷һ˿ϵǽе΢΢£ҵĲɵòȻŭ


1579  ŭ𡾶
ҾȻŭˣǷıŭҽ·Ҫһ㣬л˸еĪѹ
ϡлĵ
лٿʲôĴڽӴҳ
⻰ʵлûɵĸеһ˿ţԶͨĽӴǻᴫȥҲԲϱҷֵģôֻܹ֣һֿܣǴлϷֵġ
źҲ̽ǽеס
ѲԶͨԽеʲôֽŲɣ뵽лѹֵŭе㱬ļ󣬵ǿţûеõȷĴ֮ǰԶͨǴܹл֪£ΪսİֽŲ֪ȻŬԼƽ
ϴ˻л
ҲŵĶţиһŭȼգ˵л֮ĹϵͨĹϵҲΪлеŭԶͨл϶ֽţǾ̫ˣ
ף֮ϣһִڣΪ£ΪѾܲٿصļޣԳΪ֮ף֮𣬼֮ˮȵȣǴԶʱҲûмգһգͨ쳹֮ܣɱΡһ˵лٵײͬǼȡ׵һ߲Ȼֻһߣɽ֮󣬱ȻԽ֮׵ļ𡣡
ѵףѿڵ
ҡͷܵģ׵׵ʮֹ׾ǷҲֻͼɣ»ʮǧľأ׵Ҳܼģйһμأ׾˼粻֪ֹһΣ˼޷ƿصлٵױϾ׵һߣҲǼܱ֮ȵģΪ˵յܹأּݻһ½ʥף
ʥף
лһۣоһ˿춯
һֱлͷעѹֵ˷ּܹݻһ½ǺεȵĿֲ
ô׽׽Ǳɾ߱ôҲͷɱ£Ͷһᡣ
ʥԵġҳ֮ǰ㷢лٵڽףʮ㣬ȻɹΪֻʱ⣬ܱ֪ʥ׻Ҫǿ֣Ͼлٵʥڲ׵һ߲ױԴ֮ʥףǳǿΪгɣٿʥףնɱͷҲǿģǡ
лĵһǿҵĲʣǿŭӲĵʲô
Ҹоˣ·ĳϴڣе׾ȡһ֣ʹܷ׳ɹһδ֪˵
ŭ
лŭˣɱ죬˵֮ǰǶԶͨ˵ĻеһĻôھǶɱŨҵɱ⣬ҪԶͨɱ
̫
лףΪʲôԶͨ˵Ϊ˼룬Ҫһǰȥ֪ᷢ׽׵ı仯ԲŻνĴ˵ǵġ
ĳŭˡ
ץסлĸ첲
ŭлȫͬѪħޣԶͨƳȥڻңѾе޷ˣû뵽Ȼ˹֣һϣҪˣ͵͵ȡߵġ
л٣׷ʲôҺ͹޼¶ŨŨɱ
ꡭꡭ
лصĴϢʾĵĲƽ
ɱˣлĵ
л٣ǲɳң޼ɱȻĵ
лҡҡͷɳ޹ء޼ͺҵ״̬һݣ˵
壿
壡
Ϊ壿˵ȥͿʥǳ˼ԿϣģĻʥǶһԵʶΪԼһ˶ԹʥﲻǶΣ֧ˣѣΪԼ
̣
Ψͣ
лҧǿУҪ˵֮ǰķΪԸʹȻôͷɱԶͨǿãôǸһ
Զ̫ͨˣ

磡
лȼܵһҪɱһУȻеϣǾϽЩ߸ϵħǲڽ¡
һѸı䡣
л϶飬һҪŬȥΪ˸ĴۣҲڣοͬȻǾóƴսһҲҪǵ汳ҲҪΪ˺
л䣡
ǿлϱƣȻһӲǱȵ̣޼ͺҷ׷׵ĵˣ޷ɽҽҵķͿɽ渡ţٵתš
Σһ
֣̹֮߶ʥ֮ԴҴǻлᣬлٵ׻ָʤһߣ
޼ԣɵÿϲ
˵ж
޼һ߶ȫûһ˿ı֮⺣ͬǴصķΧ֮ڣʶһ߶ɫ˲˫֮ðͬˡ
̹ʥ֮ԴȫһҶϺȵ
ͷл̵ŭ˿лΪ飬˿νǸͬܣ鳹Ҳ޷Ĩɱ֮ӡ
ˣ
üļ両־ͼڡ
ȫ鳹Ҳ൱ﵽս֮ǿȣһʹʥ֮Դͼͬȼһ㣬˸ŶĿĹ⻪
ݣ
һȥǱϴʹãı
ҿ̳֣һǣ㻷ƺҷһȭ֮ϣ۳һ
ȻⲢ˵Ҷǿιûо߱ԣͳʹõģȻҾѵֵһġ
Ȼ󺣺һץ޼ϻ⣬ŨĴ֮赽ҵ֣Ȼ󺣺ҿмٵ
Ϳڱߵ߿ռһ㣬Ҽæʥ֮Դʹ֮ͬʱͶݳȥ
ڸ߿ջۡ
䣡
һ죬ںһ𣬲Ѹٵر仯һͨɫ˸ܵ档
𣡡
һ
ɽȻתȻǵ棬ûУȻ̺͹޼ͿһŵĶš
෴лڸ߶ȼУ˼ȴЩҵıԵķŭѾٽ㣬ڻ
ãϢʼǵԾƽ޷Ӧ
ɫ÷ǳѿ
ϣ񵶣ѵȻ֪ҵҪʲôҪôлȻһѡ
Ҿһ󣬿һüлٵľ״̬ʱڣңǼǼ֮ҲԶγЧ
֮
ŵľȻǼ֮
̺͹޼һ𣬿𺳣ؼμ֮йâóǽ
ǽսʼ
ѷɫǲζûл֮
ݣ
ٶʥ֮ԴǽȻǽ׸ҡ
һ°ɣҲȷ̽ץסǽٶȴ߶Լָ컭أǣһҽڵĻ棬Ȼǽ棬λá
𣡡
ǽ·һѹ
ܷǣ֮𣬰лϱԶͨŵ෴ĵ·һ̡


1580  ᡾һ
ǽأĴٶȲҸӵǿңǼʧҲٶȳֻعǽڣʹǽٵ
һʱ׻ɽڲ
ҲĻ棬ЯĻǴɵ̺żֲҽҲ
磬ضŵ档
޼̴ҳŵĿţȴš
ʱһһĹȥ
ŭʼлļţԺв֪Ϊʲôһ棬һһŮ˻Ӥ񵭵Цš
ĸл֮һĻ
һĻޱȵܰ
лĵŭʼƽϢһţָһ棬ǸлǬ˯ڴصӣƽ͵£ǶŨŨĸ
ٶ˸档
ʱڣΪ棬˴ܣһкҪСŮȥɬΣûǱĿ⡣
̵С
⣬İֵ飬սֶƵ棬һеһжĺйš
ΪǣҲ
뵽ʥǣʥǵǿ֮һǼңң壬ҹħ壬ؼң壬壬壬ʥʥ׵ӥȵȣÿһ룬ǶΡ
縺ǵϣܹ
лΪŭҵ˼»ָ˫ĿϬ罣Ҳǽ档
ϣл˺ҡ
лѾѹ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫл٣Ȼǿȡ־ʧȥԣɻһߵĻָľ״̬ٽʱڷŭƽ֮䣬ֻҪ֮֮ͨڵԴһ׻ָпܽΪʥףǼ֮׵ġ
֮ףʥףл֪ˣѣ֮Ҳû취׽׵ģһ˿Ц⣬Ҳ죡
˵Żлһţˢһ£ʧǵ֮С
лʩչ
գɵֻҪǴأ޷лʩչ
ڵлɲٽȻлᣬǾһգǼʲߣҲҪȥᣬҪԶͨڣҪͷںޡ
̼е
лȴѾǧһµ
޼ͺҶ̣̹ǵʲôлΪʲôʧȥ׽׾˭ôȡ֪
̾һҡҡͷ
˵˶һΣܲǿбȰɣҲܹµʲôʮս޷ô֪ȡлΨһĽͣͿǳԽʮսʵĴڣ˼ڴڵĳԽʮսʵĴֻǴ˵е
ǧס
лһﵽˣҲƾĸоǼ֮ڵλãһ𺣡
ռ䲻ռһƽ׵ӡ
澡ǻ棬ҶǴɵлӵػʥ壬еһ˿ȸС
λãһħǰĴڡ
ͨ巺ŵĻ⣬ͨ嶼ǻɫģͬһŻ棬էȥ۽ЩƣϸһȴֲᷢͬΪһǼ֮
Ѿ͡
Ŀԣħǰļ֮𼴿̷ɱ䣬ر仯һϵʵ
֮𣿣л治ѣܹ֮ƿص֮ޣ׽ΪʥףҲֻлܹƿأϾǴﵽ˷ǳ˵ļޡ
ǣҲǡǻ࿪ˡ
л䱸Ķš
Ǻ׻ǧ۶ɵģ֮ɣӵꡣ
л뵽֮ǰ̽ƶϵģǾǺ׻˻̥ʱ򣬾ͻǣһ˿У˵ĳɳϵؽףһַǳֶΡ
׻߼Ҳ˴ﵽʮսʼҲޣȻȥģ𣬵ǴڵأȻģЩδ۳Ļ涼ܹ겻ģ˵ɾۼ㹻꣬ϼ֮𣬼ֻγڣҲǲܵġ
Һ׻۶ɵģҺҵħΪŻΪصĴڣҵ̣ܶò˶꣬ͻΪļ֮𡣡ǻ˵ӽɽ뺣ҽ̸һУҶĿã׶֪ҪΪҺ׻帴Һܸл㡣
㲻Ϊ׻壬һ߹Ҳֽġл˵
¶һĨЦ⣬ϡ
лȻһЦͷɱˣѾȫſĻ㾡ҲȻΨ㹻ʵǻĸ
֪׽ױ˾ȡһ־Ĳ֣ʹֻܽΪ֮ףԳɾʹ˵еʥס˵ҿ԰ָҸһﵽʥ׵۷壡
ʥ۷壡лͺ
û꣬ҲǼ֮ûбҸԽ֮׵ʥ׵ֻҪﵽʥ۷壬ܷӳʮսʵ㣬ҲͷһսȻҪȫҪﵽӽͷĵزʱ㣬ȫԻɱͷ
лĶˣ˵ɣҪҸʲô
лϣ㣬һҺ׻ˡ
׻廹˻ţлϲ
ֹţ٣в֣ܽȳʥҲһ˵ֻͨĻһ˿΢֪ǻţұӡĳȴ֪ʲôط
ֻҪǻţҾͿԾǳлᶨ˵
ڶϣĺһ˾߱Һ׻˵Ѫ
лʱ¶ŭɫÿ𣿡
Ҫ֪Ψһ԰׻ָףҴﵽʥ۷ġ˵
ЦһлΣǵõܹӳҲҪ㹻ʱ䣬ƫƫûʱ䣬޷֤ã۷ʥ׶жջŻ࣬ߵأм㻹ܵȵһĺ׻𣿡
̾Ѿ͸ҵ뷨ˣҵȷڵȴܹõ֮Ͽɵĺ׻ˣûϣˡεĵ֪⼫֮ļ֮ͬӽʥĴڣ̺Һ׻ܹͷսϼغ϶ܡ
ʱֻңΪ˼ܶΣȴ뻹Ǳõڻңߣҵڻң޷赲гһգڻһΪϵĴڡлߵ
ðɣҵȷȲˡҸһǾĺӵУǴԵĻϣҺ׻е˽ϳΪޣµĺ뺣׻塣
лȻһЦû⡣
ʲô밡Ƿ͵У׻лˣȻʱҲȻԺ׻ۿҲѸ׳
ó׵ɡ


1581  ᡾
ĻлһЩɵģ֮ǰȫкȥģȴû뿪˵ء
лҲ¡
һ䣬ǽеױ뵤
žžž
ŵɫƯ˸ɫĹ⻪ƮŵĽɫųĹӰͬצһ㣬Ī⣬ڲƺ˸еĪļ¡
ǻҲһ˲𺳡
һֱŻл۾ͫ˸һĨɫĹ⺮ľﵽ˸߶ȵʱ򣬲Żų֣ͬʱռָڵҲһ
ԭͱԶͨһ˷𶯣񵶸ܹױȵԽǵγ񵶡
л֪ǵ͸ͨģǹϵԼɲںǷܹ֮󣬻ģؼԶͨûкøУеǶУɱ⣬ԺΥŵԵĸо
ԼΪۣٴξ߱׵ϣϣܹԼĳŵජл˵
һġлƽĵ
ǿռָڲ°
Զͨİ㣬лĽ䱸֮ĸˣ˿ûбֳ⣬һ޷½䱸֮ĵġ

³һ̾һ
³ϢǴǵģһǶܹһɽģɼĿֲԳԽʮսʵ֮Ŀ±ڴˣȫ¾ǸոͻʮսʵЩڣܹĨɱġ
̬ʼʧ
֮ѸٵһŻ·ţƺӰ񣬺ܿ켫֮ʼķ뿪
һֻȭͷСĻŴǼ֮
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ʧȥԺ׻岻֪۵֮ȻڣԾǰĿ£ֻƺʧȥʶҲѹ֣Ǵﵽ֮ļޣҲܵԼ˼룬ֻǼ򵥵ĸоҪǲŻԶķʱ̣ǻججĴڣܹȡϵ׳ԼйһżмأдȻɵ˼룬ΪһĴڣʱεȿֲĴڣ֪лÿɷ˵ţаôͣŰɣûۼ֤
Ļ棬
ʶڣܿ赽˽е棬֮ӽոഥ̱ܵڵɫ裬
л״̿
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֮£عƽ³ҲؽӴ֮ϵ
лİ֮£Ҳ΢΢ţɢһ˿˿ǻڵ͸棬һŴ󣬽򶼸ȫںϡ
лֻǾؿš
ƾŶ׵ĸӦʱŷеĲͬԭһ˿Եģͺһһ㣬ȴûǹԣԾǽΪʥ׵ڣǱȡߵģ֮ǰȴûз֡
Ż룬л֣ڷٵʧУ׽ٴͷųһ˿ǳ΢Ϣ
лһ˿ڴ
ٶȾ߱ԵĻΪǼ֮ڣôȻǳ֮ǰԵģҲȷܹ׽ΪΪֲʥ۷Ĵˡ
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һ߱ʥ۷ôһͷرչ֮£ĻᣬֻҪһ˿ᣬлܹץסģϾͷҲܵġ
תۼʱȥ
ĻѾʧȫеС
ٶͷųΪŨصԸоһ֣Ĺоʵ壬ǾԵı֡
žžž
һܼı
еųصĽɫ磬ÿһ֮ǰĽɫıȻٶҲıҲ˵ɽ׽¿ܶ౶ġ
ˢ
Ȼ䣬ɢĽɫͻȻڣʹų貵Ľɫ⻪ͬһƵء
лһɹˣ
ҵһ˲䣬ͿڳֳһףȻǻݣҷһͳ˻̼䣬ӿڣʹ׻Ȼٶȵõ
գڵĻһ㡣
ڵ·ܵĳǣһ㣬ۼȥľҲٵڡ
ΨǼ֮ȻƯܿơ
ȡҵסлۣ衣
ЦûҾҪȡףҵϼ֮𣬾޷ΪϴڵףҲܹԽʥ۷Ĵڣư֮ףʱң޵еĴڣлл㻹޴ƽ޹ȡ׾ȴűˣ
лɫƽĺܣҲûжŭ˼˵ȡ˶ɱΪ׻ҲգнΪ۷ʥ׵ĿҲãٽ곹ĨɱУı仯أ
ƾҲɱңǿЦǳԽʮսʵĴڣһָͷܴ㣬꣬ʵ壬ɱ𣿡Ц
ںл֮ǰ֣лģΪҪȡеףҪлİſԣϾԶֳ̬ͨĴڡ
ȡŴɵ
ڽؾ߱һ˿һԾȼš
ڵ׵Ѿ֮ܳΪ׵ˣȻлûлԣǻǿȻֻ׵ĸƷȴܹ׵ƻ
һףǸΪֲĴڡ
ûã㱻׵սڣΨ֮ǻûٲٿصġ
ʱ򣬸ýˡлó񵶡
лȻţǿлƽ糣ɫûɵһ󲻰
֪ҵĿģɻĵ
ûлߵҪңȫںٻ֮ʱ֣Ļ԰ңܹҸӸмϣӶԺ׻ӵۿأȴѲڵȴǰҲҲһᵥҼģ֮ǰһ˵Ǽٵġ
Ȼ֪ǼٵģּۻۣʶԾˡ
лЦˣܰҽ׻ָһ𣬿ܼȡľ𣿺ߣұԶͨȡ׾̫ļ̫ߣҸоо㱻ȡˣʱҲǽ䱸ʮģϧʵ̫ƾܹӵԶͨҪлжȡ㲻䣡
ǻ౻˵ҧгݵĵҵҪɱˡ
ɱ㣬練ƣл̽ץס񵶵
ͬʱԶͨһҲлϾľԵǵõ֧֣ͨԲٿһ⡣
ԶͨǿͷҪɵֵĿղڡ
һεȿֲ
лǵϣ趯ԼսһΣ񵶷
񵶳ʣ


1582  ɱ¾һ
ԴɵںϣлֻһνγʣһΣսͷӲƾ񵶵ͷˣҲϧ۵ͷͬʱ񵶡
ǵڶΡ
ȻлܹγģǽԶͨɵģɲܽ񵶵ȷˡ
ʵ񵶣ı
£֮𶼾ҵĲȻˡ
еĻҲǸеһ䣬꣬ûиоΪ׶ɵģȻе䡣
֮εȿֲ
˵ΨгԽʮսʾ磬һļʰγûôǿȴһԶͨµһҪת͸ͨɱͬһֻϰ򵥡лӶ񵶡
ˢ
ӹ򣬾Ȼ谭ģֱĨɱ
ǻ෢һĲҽУľʹȥһǼ֮Ҫӵ
лһ㣬Уڣƣȥͬ׻ľ裬ȻػӶ񵶡
꣡
ǻ൱ɨУ̼
һĲҽУǻ೹ɢΡ
ôĨɱˡ
л۶Ǽ֮ҪǷʲôв·裬ż֮նǧ
ֻ֮ǲϵرնȻںϣûκεһ˿Ĵڡ
лŷġ
񵶣޸пĵϧڵܹγġظŵѪĸопѣǽع鵶ʣһգҪƾԼγʱ򣬾ݺ磬޵еʱ򣡡

ƺлĺ׳񵶷ĵ
˵һ̣·ﵽǰδеĬ
лٿ׻֮Ǽٶ΢΢۾׻ٵţлͬһʧ»عлĵ֮ڡ
׵ػ֮ܣлͺһ
ػֳܱ֮һĽɫ˸ţл䣬׻ųɫ
ǽɫǰĽɫ˼ܹ˽սʵ߽ͣϵ˵ܹ׵ػ֮ܵкɱ˽սʵĿܡ
ϣ׵ػ֮ʧ
лɨһۼ֮𣬱뿪˴˵أ⼫̫֮ʢ͸ңҲ޷գڴ˵أȴԵ˰ɡ
»ع飬ң޼̶ŵĿ
ôڴĵ
л΢΢һЦԭǿʢ
˻ľǼȡ˴ĴľеѾԽ֮ǰ״̬
̫ˣ̼һлĻС
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ǻ飬лߺңЩ飬ǲ֪ĺã鷳
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ںңлĵķĵĸм˵Ŀ󷽣ټлҲԷһҵ׻ˣ׻ٶ׳
ֻҪһɣɣҹۺϾ磬ڱչһأܹŽսˡлЦ
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лЦһһϢߺϡ
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׻˻һЩ˻ţǱӡĳطһ֪λãһȥ֮󣬻ᷢѰġл˵
۾ɵϴ嶼
ڼ֮￴һµģӦЩûġл
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ҵûʷϣһǧǰֹһλҪı˿ʼղ⣬뿪ˣӴһȥǻţôǡ
ԺÿЩף׻ɱһŶлЦǺǵĵ
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ܹɱһˣڴ顣
лֻȡһ
Դˣᣬһʮսʼ֮Ѫȫ룬лҲٶ̱뿪޼Ҳ˽սʣҲԸҲҪعرͬһ뿪»عž
˶Ѿﵽ߳ľ磬Ƭ̱ع֮ϡ
Ǹո¶棬оһɹ΢
лĿۿֻԼǧԶϾΧմˣʮ֮ڣЩ˾Ȼֳϵغ
ͨҲ޷ʵȵ侳磬ò֣ǧ׵ĸ߶ȣͷųػϾ
侳磬ֻǿά֣Ҷ̫ǿǷҲ˿ҪıԵ
֣죡лĿһվڸ߿еһˡ
֣߸һԶͳͳһĸ֣Զ𹥻Ϊ׵ϾרźͨԿģлֻɷ¾ʱ򣬾˰ľģǵ˴ˡ
лһ˿ɱ⣬ϣٶȸϻʥʮ֣ɱϾڣʥľȻǰл֣ȫߣһ
ã޼олɭɱ⣬뺣ˮڣֹ֣ٶ뿪
лһЦ֤Ѫİ취
̵ͷ顣
ͬлҲóö֤Ϳöų˿˿Ϣֱָһĸ֡
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һۣˣⷽС
֤˴˷лһԺڼɵ˼߹ˣǷһ˿Ц⣬ҪϮɱ֣죡
δؿУõ֧֣ҵʥ֮ԴܹӦڵ֣һֻǱҲŴ͵֣̽תߡ˵
ţɵģ֣Լ֣챻ɱҲԻԲŻԤãҪɱ֣죬ѰһΪǡĻᡣлǳֹĻһᣬɲ̫һ֣뿪Щ˾ͿߣʱûлὫЩ֣ȫˡ
л֣죬ĵǾ죬һգҪֽɱٶó񵶡
߶Զͨһγ񵶡
ͬʱǿ֧ţȴҶóʮսͨһ𣬷·ں
񵶳ʣâֱ͸졣
ƽĺȻķ籩籩ϯ˷ͬ𺳵ʮֶ֣鲻Խֹͣתл


1583  ɱ¾
л
ϾǺ棡
ǿ쿴ֻˣȻ˰ɣǸŵģ
ָĽ˷һʱ쳹ʮ˵˶޷徻дĸַٵǰл˰ΧɷڵһҪնɱ˼
лĿ֮£ʱǾ׵
лҲԶͨµһжǿ޷϶ɾԳԽʮսʵ
Ǹúúһˡ
뵽ԶͨԼһУл;ĸɾҲûʲô֮ģЩֻ
ǽŮս㿿лߡ
һһŮȻ
ź紵˵ͷȥͬһˣʮ˰ΧУԵӢ
˵ӣ֣͸еǼʷ·ɶħ࣬ԽԽ뵽ǰҧгݣĿл޲ýһ̵
֣١֣ߵһĶǿߣһʱ䷢֣仯ͺ֣У׻һѹ
֣ѹǷݼʣҲ֪ܿ˷ȻӰľֹ
лּˣ֣
εǾĺܣռݾƣҲûǰǴһɸֵı֮С
лȻһЦʮΧ£
ǲǺ⣿֣ЦЩɭ
⣬⡣лĵȥʲôط֪ЩҲ˵֪ģ
֣ԣЦΪҶˣʲôӵҶܰڳ˫Ŀɭâɱ죬ɱ㣬ȡ񵶺ۣĲݣ
ң
лЦƾ֣˵ʲôһ壬壬壬ʲô⵶СӣʥӴǰûʸսҪ֣ǲлаɱǡ
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οԼ٣߶ûˣ֪ܾԼ֪Լٵģ
Ͼ֮У֪˸ǲࡣ
лĿⲻɵ֣ЩһĸϣЩ˿ɶ߹
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һͷлͷǾʦ
ʦĻԤ⵽δأϾ磬ƽʦָʲôʦﵽϳɾͣҲʦǾɱĸ֡
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лĺЩأصļӿ죬뵽һֿܣҲΨһĽͣǾνʦ磬˼磡
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Զͨ˵лֵͷ綷񣬶綷ʹУʹԶıֱܹʶװĽռоƣ˼Ҳ̫ص£οܰæ
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͸Ľ𣿲ǣ͸Ѫģ˼һʦ

ͨ˵㣬л̲סЦ
Ǵ磬ʩչʦ֮ƶԿôʦʵ̫ˣǴ˼磬ͱʵޣҪһǣҲ벻ԼƶϳôͿԷ˼˼ĨɱֻҪһƵͻֳ˼ʤͻ
Ƿ˰ɡ
ҿпܣǿʮΧˣʮսʣҲ߰ɣϧˣõ񱩾Ȼŵʧķˡ
ʧһΪܹɱء
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ǵУлһ뷨֣ҲлͻĴЦŪЩ
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˽սǽӽ۷Ĵڣɲǰ滪Ӿֲεİ˽սܱġ
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˵Զͨµһ񵶱ܣлڽӽ߽ս۷Ҳûһĸַһ˾ȻлЦһȻһĵ
ݣ
趯ʲôĵ㻯һѷ񵶣ȥֱӺһİ˽սǿߡ
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̫ˣ
̫Ϊǣ
Ȼκζ뷨ûУֻǴ߶񵶷һ⣬Ҫ赲ңΪɷµͼһ˽սʱŭýӽ˽ս۷ĴڣǾζɾ;ŽսʵģȻ˵ӡ
ŭȻӴ
һӽԼʮǿȡ
񱩵ȼţһױȵ׺ݵĺȥ
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ǵֱӽ䶴û˿ļűһ˽սǿߵϡ
أ
˽սԲĲ˼飬ֺȻıϣǰȻһ󶴣ܴǰ濴󷽡
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ͬһ㣬һ·ȥǧףžĵطһͨеסȥ·֣ĸٶˣȫնɱ
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߱Ҫлֻ֧֣ҪԶͨһܹ޷ɡ
ֻ΢߶һĽȫѻȸ
˶ɴ۾·𿴹һл
ǶҪϢˡ
ԶԶ֮ġ
ⲻһǽһ˼е
лЦɱǾ㹻ˡ
Ҳţֵܹʮ˵Ĺ֣ĵȫһɱ
𣿡лԶͨһ߶ǿʢ
ݣ
񵶱һֱ͸죬ĸ߿ƲʺȻѣȻʧɫǿֲĵâ֮ߣǧ֮
ȵл̲סХһ
ųն
ڵҪʹöô߼Ķ˷ѣҪʩչȺɱУܹɱ¾
лյĶУΧȺɱУǾǵųնԥʩչֶΡ
Ҫɱ䣬йõڻңȡ׾ķŭЩ˾йĶ˭ԼأȫǣԲǣ


1584  ɱ¾
ųնʮ֡
һŭѪɺӣԣڸģһ£ͷأȫ壬ǵȨ
ô⶷֮£лȨĵһ£޿ɷ嶼Ҫ塣
лʩչ֪жٴΣɴûӳ˿ֲضҪһն̼䣬Բǧ׵ķΧڣƾճ֣֮ĵ⡣
ÿһ⿴ȥʵĴڡ
ǵ֣ѪǸֱ֣Ĩɱشеĵл񵶻裬׷׻Ķ
ּ֣״ɵˡ
Щ˷Ӧͱնɱ
Щƴķܹܵģͬɱ
գۼ䣬ˮѪȾˣлնǲһһǧ׵ͨٳͨĸͳͳնɱһǰ˽սҲ⡣
һζʩչ
Ĩɱǧ֮ڡ
ѪˮȾ˺ȫǲƵʬ塣
лյ֣ʮ˼״ɵ÷׷׺ˣÿһ˶¶֮ɫ
һնɱǧˣʲô
ڶ࣬ƾлٶȣһգ۵Ĺܹӳһٶ൶ʮͳͳ
֣죬˵أأأл񵶣Це˵Ц֮¾˵ɱ
֣ˡ
ÿηѾĻޱȡ
֣սͼͨһȡǷŲϵٶֳлǿҸµһһնɱǧİٶˣǧŰٶˣԹѾҪȾˣֻջȻĻӰģЩ 
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һ£ʮٶ
лҲû뵽һȻܲôģɱ¾Ӱ죬ڶĸ֣նɱʵЩ˵ȥ
ˢˢˢ
ֵ֣һ˲䣬лɲǼʩչųնʮΣĵ⽣Ӱ
ҽڶ
˱նɱʬ׹䡣
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ͨЩŭлûлع飬㵱ʩչл͸еյǵһʧ٣ͨˡ
ͬʱҲҵĲ
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лҲеΣ˵ͨԶͨϵ̫УûϵҲа֮ˣлѽͨϣο֮ǰҲһֱİԼ
ʶͨջҲֻЩΣûжٺˣϾǱ
һĳ֣Ҳնɱ˰ɡ
лܣ۴Բ׵ĺһƬѪ죬һΣǿɱˣնɱ
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лһʮնɱ٣Լ޷㡣
ľٶҲ֣˷ˡ
֣ĵлҿأأҧгݵĵû֧֣λɱɱɱ
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Ȼ൱һ򱻳׵ɵˣѾӰǰ֣׷׵ĺˡ
ڳֵģһΪ׵İ˽սĴǣǿҰɱȥ
ʮ˽սʣʮһ߽սʣ㡣
ĸֳŽսѡӴܣӦս
̣ǲսлЦ
һĨ˵Цݣ棡
̬˿ûһսģ·˸û
žž
лȭ״ϡ
ž
һ˸Ǽȭ׵׻Ҳų˵һܹɵɨɱһսʡ
߶սǼȭڣ̺ŵĵҲԽԽǿʢͬļȭ׵ҲϾܹսʽ࿹ĳսʼСǾȶǿʢ߱ս߷ġ
Ȼлó񵶡
˷񵶴ŵʣӵޣҲսʼܿܵģµӣлս
ػʥ壡
һ䣬лǰػ֮ܣ˴໥ϵţһɫܣһ׵⺮һʵĴ֮֡
Ҳǽ
͸ǽ
ɱɣлĵ
Ծһ˿ĸӦֻǲʱǰİˣüļ亮˸š
ʷţֲȻͷţѹʮ
ڵѾսʣսǱ뺷ܹ߽սһս·磬˷߶ʥ֮ԴǵĽܱȵģ
ݣ
ʥ֮Դһ
ǹ̺žʣȻɱȥĿһİ˽սǿߡ
úá˽սʼ״Ҫֵֵ
Ưճڣʥ֮ԴĹѾžꡱһе񽣾ͱнضϡ
ۣ
˽ս࣬ʮ֣Ҳ֮ɱ߽սʡ
һ֣ӵɳ̵֪ʥ֮Դȴû뵽ܹ׵غɱ˽սʵĵزԭΪĽɱ߽ս۷弶ǿֻΪԷĴء
ɱ
л׼ʱȻ֡
һгɱһĸǣһ䣬лѾЯɱ
ٶл֮һ
Ƶӳ֮£ƾл߽սʽӽ۷ٶȱ֮Ľפصʱ˺ֹһʵ˺ֹһս˺ֹһ
˷Ǵűɱ
ˢ
лͬ˵еĿռռ˲ư㣬ɲǼһ˽սʵǰ
񵶣ȭͳͳܱл߶лսϱɱ֮ŭ
ǲ˵һ
һ̣Χ߿Ĳˣǵһ޼᲻ݣɱһе
䣡
лһӱײȥ
˽սʲ֮ˣȰ滪֮ǿһЩȴǿ٣ܹлᲢۣ
һγײ˽սʱ㱻ͬ߷ݣѪҽתŷɳȥ
Եİ˽սҲķ׷׵ĺˡ
ֻôһγл˺ѿ߰˽սɵһսŶӣ˽սʹɵĵһ߳׵ĳ忪ɱ߽սΪĵڶ͵棬Ҳ˺λá
Щ˽սʻлҲʵˣͬлһ
߽սǼ̳
䡭
ɫĵ⽣Ӱһ·׷л
ػ֮ܣ
лϺһöػ֮תл̱ͬʱ׵ػ֮ܺػ֮֮ϣʹôػ֮ܵҲﵽ˵ĵز
ء
һҵУеĹֵ
öػ֮ҲǳһѺۡ
׵ػ֮ܣлһػ̷֮ܵ仯׵ػ֮ı⡣
ɫ磬һԶı
׻֮
ǻ඼Ҫȡеף֮ĿǼ֮ɴ˿ɼ˿̵ĽеǺεͷų׻֮ȻҲ൱Ŀ¡
䡭
׻֮ͬлΪɢȥ̼͸е߽սǣһæҵĵֿ
ˢ
ػ֮ʧ
л̵񵶣ǽҲ


1585  ɱ¾ġ
ƾлʵǵ߽սʶ֮Ҫնɱ߽սʶǾ֮ģϾսǶ߱Ǿǰ˽սʵмȭף񵶺Ͷļӳ֣ȫɱκһ߽սʵģΪʲôԽߵսʣԵԼһսʶɱԭʵǲ̫ˡ
лӽ߽ս۷壬Ǿ߽ս屶࣬ӽĵز֮ǰ
ս
˶߽սʱ׻߽֮սʵǿߵɱˣεֿ
䶫ˮ
лһӶ⸲ǷԲ׵λãһˮͻأĳ֣ȴɭ
ء
Щ߽սͳͳıѪټ׻֮ĺһɱʮ߽սʣش
ͬʱͬĹҲˡ
ŭ
ǽ֮ʩչеĴж
屾ûжģҲ޷ӳϾħڣ࣬Ǵﵽ֮󣬾ͻᷢ仯һַ΢ֶΣԲŻ˸ĶݱֶİȭǾǸðģôЩַգȻԳ֮ΪַǳֲĶ
̵սʣǽԿ߽սҲδܣ߽սͳͳˣ˭ֵܵȫһ
һӳǾצĳɱȥ
ۡ
Ӧʥ֮Դľףһӱ㽫߽սʸɱ
գۼ䣬ʮ߽սɥ˽սˣһ˽սɥ
һսȫٶȾ
ʣʮ˽սҲʱۼҰɱķƵĳ޷ɱлԺûˡ
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
лִԼһֶΡ
һ޴ʱ̶ֳ֣ǳ׺ȥĪ⣬λðĸо

ǰ˽սڶ࣬ʱ侲ֹǰȻҪʮ֮һʱ䣬Ѿ㹻ˡ
л̵ϸǿٶȡ

Ƶ磡
ֶεȫ汬ȷлͻֻҪϼ֣Ǵﵽͨս۶޷׷ĵطһգ۵Ĺл̱ƾʧս˦ͻأĳ֣ǰ׵ĵط
֣Ҳ֪ԼʵУ¾ҲǶ֣һǰٻ¡
̼䣬һɾ޴֣Χ
𣡡𣡡𣡡𣡡𣡡
춯صը졣
޴Ӱ֣ΧǺȻǶһʥĴڣͬǶõӰĴڣĴڡ
лĿ磬ӣĿֻһ㣬Ǿ֣ǰŵöٻ£
֣ϵĹؼڡ
𣡡
һֱֺƽ̶ȻһľģͬŮս㣬׳ХĺɫҰ趯һ˫۾˸ŽɫĹâüļǸ־ڿյͼڣͬ˸Žɫ⺮

У·̵žڿգһž˻𵴵Ƭնڲ
µǣҵĲ
ǳȻĿǣÿһӦһ壬ʵǿʢһյʥ֮Դȴױȵ徫ڣǵõ֧֣˾˵Ĵ仯̺ŵǺš
һ궼ڷ㱬ѡ
ɱ
궯䣬лȻɿ̣ͬһ֮˵һ׺ݵǰȥ
𣡡
걩ŭ׺ݵĳȥ
ݣ
лȻͬݰת񵶽Ӳǽķ׷׷ʹĽһԷɳͬʱ̵üļʥ֮Դꡣ
ᣡ
걻лػһӱʥ֮Դһмٵ
֮Ϳ귢ֵ˻ӲǱţһʥ֮ԴڣΪǾɣʱʵٶ
Ŀ⣬˵һ֣޲һͷײĻҪжһ꣡
һѹ壬ƫƫʥ֮Դȴơ
Ҫʥ֮Դףѣ
㹻꣬걻ɣȻȻģҵ˵еԶĹأҲ԰쵽
ɶһĳ֣ͬ콵
ʥ֮ԴɣǾڶһϣܲ˷ܣһϣڰ
֣ҪѪûʱΪлĹ׺ݣűɱһ
Ȼ֪ɱ֣Բ󣬿лԾɲ
֣оҲҪһĽնɱ֣õ˻ʺϹʥʵĴС
ΧлСʱұڹ֣켱ٵĺˣͬʱȵ
϶ȻһµͬĽһֶΣӰʼ
лһҧǿ١
ˢ
񵶣һɭĹ⺮͡һ£֣찵Ӱͬһѿ
ž꣡
һ촫
֣ǰŵٻ±лһ飬ͬʱһɺѪ˸İĹ⻪滹һŵİ
̡лͺȵ
ͿˣҲǵһʱӦʥ֮ԴٶȱһһѪ
¡һѪͬɽ˵ľ졣
ͬʱһõ΢긡ֳ
ʣʥǿߵȵȣеĶһǿߵ궼ֳȻ΢ȴʵʵڵĶ꣬ÿһ΢ȴǳǿ֣ܹȥ
һǳ⡣
գ
һѪ̺΢Ķͳͳıɽʥ֮Դڣžʵ
ױԵ̾ϲĵ
ʥ֮Դ߿ɽ״ﵽĵزʱŴʥ֮ԴΪɱͷڻ£Ȼǰ㹻ӳȫƾĿǰ״̬սҲֻǿӳʵѣδﵽȫĵزء
лЦһٺ٣ѾŪˣһΪڵġ
ͬ¶һĨЦΪʥ֮Դڵģѭʥ֮Դﵽ۷ʱ̣
һۣɵöЦ
ͬʱͷΧİ֡
˭һսл粽ǰȻվͬһս񣬸Ӱ֣һΨҶ̬
ѻȸ
лս⣬ٶǰȵ˭ս
ͬ׹𶯵Ĵˣ֮󣬿һʱˡ
Ȼվյлҷ裬ħͬƬصףƿ
˭սлƴﵽ۷壬һһѳʵ񵶣أһһɽѹʮ
Ұһ𶯵һȺַǱл񣬸ǱŵѪɫĺˮʬľңһӱ˷˻ŷˣŵʧķˡ
б˵߽սʵѪʡ
лָ֣Ȼָҡҡ̫ˣ
˵꣬лת̤УôػعϾ־Ȼûһе


1586  һ
ϾϾ˶Ŀл̸ı֣Ǳǵıţͨ
ǿȡعһҲƲѵľٶ㲻ϧҪֱ֤лȫģû뵽лȻ˾˵뿪ǰҪµĶ࣬նɱ˽սͬ̽ȡµǣȻУ˵֣ŵӴܣ
ڣ˻һƬȻ֮ɫ
лȻ԰̸ֶЦ
лһǳ⣬Ϊ֮
лսŵʧķ裬ֻԣһеһжͬһ㣬ⶼʵġ
һĻĻϵϾֵԺзš
񱩾л߸֣·ӡǵԺһ㣬ĥԴϾӥʥҳϵ֧ߣΪĿʥǵһлǿ
λõˡлЦ
Ͼл˼ϣձ˼֣ɾͲҵ
лһ˿Ц⣬תͨ
õԶͨһԶͨ壬ֶΰоǹлǱõ飬Ҫлڻǣͷľٶ
ͨѾ֪
Ͼ仰лЦЦĿԼһжԼ޹ϵͨǸоΡ
лͨ
лĻǰҶѾۼ뱸ʥľͷųѾ¾㱸ǰʥľڣͷڱϾһС
áͨϴӦһ
֣л˵ͷ¶һĨõЦݣƾʧˡ
뿪̣ͨ㵽ɣΪأճԽʮսʼ
һ̵֦̽ǰ֯һݵĴڡ
ףͨ˰ΪлԵʣҪʹĿǣ»ᱻδɱʹͷǱģȻܾҲҪгɣܳΪлı
̤ϡ
Ҳʧڡ
ͨųϾҾεãһС
лٶȸо˫ŴأѾʥľڵĿռСڡ
֣㿴Χʥľĳǣ峤κҲڴ˵صȺţûȥչ
λһֱţлȻ
һ߿һµʱ䡣
ʥľ峤κЦû취ľǹϵʥľܷҲû߻ħɴ˴˽һЩĵҲ
ĳҲ׷׵ͷ
Ҳѹ֡лܹǵ飬ͬԼ֪гһգͻȻͷ׷ɱҲἤزˡ
л٣ǷҵһƷԲǰǣϵȲѯʡ
лˣһڴ
ƷǷƷҪѰҲһ¾ܹҵġκ״͵һлǲ£
һȺŵǣлɵЦ
ó˺ᡣ
ȻûдƿӣΪܹʥľƷЩϤκ˶ֱܹٺġ
һϼָСƿӣȻһʱ˵
ᣡ峤κؽе
лЦûǺᣬ֪Ƿܹ峤Ҫ󣿡
κùһϸ鿴һ飬ǺᣬлپȻֻһ±ҵ˺ᡣ
̫ˣ
ϣˡ
һȺǼزˡ
л״Ҳǣóһ񣬴ƷǺƷеƷһ֣̱һųҵĴԲǧڵ¶ȻǧȣЩƫƫӰ죬ûбȼ
񣡡
лЦٶóһСƿӡ
ʾѪ
ʥľ峤Ƕˡ
ǱΪлܹһҵһǷǳˣû뵽ȻƷȫۼˡ
ͨ
ʥľ峤κȹء
һٶϵע⣬˴˶һۣ׷׵ĵȹء
峤λϣǸʲôлæ㿪
κл٣Ķ飬ʥľģΪʥľ峤ģʥľԸΪлЧԸʥǣڣ
峤𡣡лϽκ
л٣㽫Ʒʥˡκ½лʥ׿ڷԸлܾۼƷȥ
л뵽ʥἰĸм֮˵ʥǸñʾлˡ
ûƴǣлƷľɽ֮ϵʥľȥ
ĿǵıӰʥľһɺĲǣ˴˶һۣͬʱЦѹ֣ڰˡ
λϣ֪ͨ˼ϣ峤κ
ʮϷ׷뿪ԴϢ
κңԶʣĵҲǰȥݼλչصǰϢˡ
ʥľ嶼
ϴһľͬԲĴںʻʢһ꾧Ө͸ͬɵʥ
л̤ʥǰ
Χ֦ҶٶȺ£γɸĴڡ
ô͵õƷʥЩԾ˵
лЦЩ
ʥ۳һȥʮӵģҡҡͷɲʾʥǵ
л΢һ룬ˣʥǵĻϾƽó𣬿ָڳĵطʥǵĴڣΪ޼ܹһϵе顣
ʥûʲôãʵڷǱڵá
ӵƷʥľ𣿡лʵ
ʥ΢΢һЦͨ׾٣ĳӦǽӽļˣİ֮£ǼҶġ
лǾ̫ˡ
ҹƺһ൱Ѿӽ߽ս۷弶ˡʥ˵
ţ鳹һЩãֻһ߱ɿ߽۷֮лʵ˵
ʥ۵ͷ۾·𿴴л壬ȼŵĽ档
Ҳĥѡʥ
ǰΪ˵л
̾һʥ״ڽУܹԴҾ׻ɲܹͨﵽģ׻ûȫڣ»˵䣬ʥһ
ʥʵȻҲе㳬ףһȻлսӣֱ׻֮ڡ
лʱоһ˿ԭеĴȻʥʼڣٶȱ֮УΪ׵һ֣ŵѾΪ˺ĴڣҲ˵ֻΣû˵׻𣬲˵Ǵ׵Ҳû
ױͷųȴǿ˼֣ʥһȥ֮Ϣһࡣ
һ̣лĪĸо׽֮󣬻Խʥ۷Ĵڣﵽ˵еİ֮ס


1587  
֮ףǾǿɵĨɱһͷĴڡ
֮߱ףҷӳ߱һûɱ֮ǰɽף㹻ܹӳȫӵУҲֻܵ裬û㹻Ҳûõġ
лǰл
ʥЦÿҵİʲô
ǰԴ׽׵Ŀʥףǰ֮ףԣǰĸоƶϣҪܹɽףлѯʵ
ʮ꣬ꡣʥ
˻Ҫʮꣿ
ʮл־˱ʲôֻеһ˲ˣֿ¶ڵģʮĻȲ
иİ취лʵ
ǾҪ֮߻׵ͬԽ伤ʥش
лһ˵˺û˵һ
֮ףǿȻļޣ˼Ҳһ˾֮߱׵ġ
׵ʮһεļʣлɲ
ʥ˵ǵõҸ㣬Ҫл𣿡
Ȼǵãǰľ磬лȻǷǳĶҿлЦ
Ҹĳлʥļ֦Ѹٵһ鶯ٵĻ۵棬ܿһƬɫҶγˣȻʥƮƮлȥС
ɫҶУлеһ˿һƾĴڣҶʹһ˿ŨĴľҲܹлΪһİá
лҶ֣еҪõġ
ǰʲôôлʵ
ʥ΢΢һЦʹҺ̬ף
л۱侫⣬ʥĺЩҺ̬ǿһֱɱﵣֻΪԴսʿʼͽ˻Ľ׹УΪֹδɽס
Һ̬ɽףôкɨʮսʵ
ϾľҺ̬ģͬսԶľһ㣬Һ̬ľǶͨžԵѹ
ϴһҾڹ۲ľʮʱ䣬ƶϳľ׵ʥ¶һĨЦ⣬Լ֪ɣľѾʮսʵĽޡ
лȻǰ˻棿
ʥЦӦòģͨҾΪʮսʼʮս۷弶ǳ룬ĹȣԲŻֻܷӳ߰˽սʵѾָΪ֤ľ״ﵽʲô̶ȣǵľںϣһ£ǿȣǵľϣ̳Խʮսʵĵزһһ˿ơ
뵽ԶͨģôܹںͨκȻҲ⣬ʶͨʥںҲǿġ
ҵľϵľ൱лЩϲΪҲǵڸոտʮսʵľء
൱ʥЦеĵںϵľֻľ֮һ֮һ֮䡣
лɴ۾
֮һ֮һ֮䣿
ǾںѾԽʮսʵĵزܹкһ˿ƣȻҲ൱ЩոճԽʮսʵĸ־ܱģô˵ľǴﵽһǳ˵ĵز
л𵱳׵ԭ
붷嶷ŽܵϵҲħصĵѪйأ˲侫ȫɱġ
Ǳʱ䣬ȡѹһʱ䣬̺˶ľҲѹ˵ѣʮսʵľ׵ĻһҲֻɳɹأ
˵Ļɽˡ
ľޱȣһ㣬Һ̬ģܹĽ׳ôʮսʵʱ򣬱ӵɨɱԽʮսʵǿߵʵʥ˵ҹľףƺڽ뵽һ̶֮󣬵õ֧֣˽ףŽս۷弶֮󣬾пɽףΪֽ뾳ЩұһЩףֻҪŽսʣﵽ˽ս۷弶Ľס
֮ǰɫ˵ܹھŽսʱɽ׵ġ
ƾɫʵ˵Ļܴ
ʥȻҲܴģôΪʲôҪõֲ֧ſڿŽսʵʱ򣬲ܹɽأ
ΨһĽ;ڽɫ˯֮Լľֵõɱ䡣
ɱ䣬Ȼ֪
ʲôʱı仯أ
лзֹʼɫ˯֮еľ˼ȥΨʱܹɱ֪
һֿܱǣͷǰչˡ
һ̣л˱ıǩľɱ䣬пܣľʼսУѲõ
бǵ֪ԼǱԶͨõڻҡ
ʱ㡣
ȻһԸΪʥƶ֪֮ǰôҲ˵ľΪ֪Զ֪ͨԼΪ˼սȴ˼統ڻҵı֮пٶȽס
ǷٶȽףҪ֤Ҳ򵥣ǰʥķȥܹڿŽս֮󣬾ɽףûٶȱ̼仯ûɽףôͼпܵԶͨĴ̼ٶȷɱ䡣
ɲʥ֧֣׼ˣ
л㿪ʼ
ʥǰƬɫҶڵлֻ轫ɣתʶУǽеľڣлĸоǣůܽ⡣
˿˿ı仯΢ȴһֻ̹ƮƮɵԸо
ͬʱҶڵĴľҲлɣתΪսΪһֻһ˲߽ս۷弶һǰС
һḶ́ʥϣȴǷǳѸٵġ
лĳһͻȻеڵľȻʮĵزͬʱһǿ֪ʥʥľҲûǼԼĿǽλᣬһԾ˽սʡ
ʱ䲻ϵţлԽԽ졣
ɫҶڵѾȫʶУҽ侫ѸٵĴ߻ͬʼٵܽһ㣬󳹵׺ľ֮лǽеľƺսĳϵ
ͱĽ׾ΪศɵãͻƣԾҪĴ߻á
֪¡
Ͼ⣬Ȼٶزѹ֣Сʱ֮ڣȻأһǴˣȫһĸ֣иǸ֣Ϣޱȣ˿͸ǿڣ߰˽սҲнʮ˵
˵˴֣һ൱ľ
֮ǰİˣʮ֮ڣٶȰΧϾ֣ɫ࣬иɭĺâȻߵʱٻ±ݻ٣Ĵ൱֮лٿ켸֣Ǳɡ
֣ϵһӣΧϾɱл


1588  ⲻʧһ
ʮΧϾ
εʮԮһ֣ʵף֣һ£㷢˳ˮĹƣȵһ˸߹һ˵ĳϾķ
ͨȻȫֵֻ̫Զͨļӳ֣Ҳе侳Ŀܣһͻʮսʵǿ˵侳ɱҪʹ࣬ķҲǲϵؼС
ϾϵҲڿֻŵС
лҲʼûֹͣ
һĶɹҲһҲ֪˶ãлﵽ˴ֿɼ˽սʵĵز
ڿ˺بǰİ˽սʾ谭
ֻȥʽ˽սʵľ硣
л붼û㷢ҵسһҪͻƣʱ˵̫ϡˣҪץһлᣬȡʥߣһٿ˽սʵУôڼĺᣬʵҪá
Ӧлı仯ʥҲųԼ
ʥҲһʱ乵ͨͨ
֪ǴڶлΣΪлδҪǣͷڻңڻͨȻðŵ侳ΣգͬʥǱṩ㹻ľ
ΪӵףľԵлԣʱʷ·ȫתΪľԵģͬΪľ֮壬ľٶ֮죬ʥͨҪȲѣʵǿ찡
֮£л㿪ʼ˽սʡ
һһĳͬһ㣬ÿһγûмҪӼ֡
ϰٴεĳлеԼսѾﵽ۷壬谭ϡֽٶȼ
壡
лٿۻս·һ͵Ķ
ء䣡
˲佫ٴεĳȻһлȻƣѹʮͻƵһ˲䣬սľҲ̼ܵһľҲһ˿Ĳʮս۷弶ͨһһݵѹĿ־塣
漴Ǿš
ͨʥȴ֪лҺ̬ˣҵõʵԵĽס
лûֹͣǼľ
Ҫȹ̾硣
˳һһҹ
лٶ۾ʱ򣬲ȹ˾磬ǰһҪӽ˽սһ̶ȡ
˽սʣôлҲ֪ҪŽսʣҪʵ߰˱ʸŽսʣǼԽߣԽͻƵĸԭ׼սʼʵһͻһ磬ɵ߰˱ʸһ磬ʶи߽սУЩܹɱͬİ˽սʣΪ˽ս߰˱ʵ࣬սʼ£Ǿ׼սʺĲ࣬εֿɱ
лһ½ǣȫ
սͬŭΡ
쿪ȭţžžž
˷ջ֮ҲǳˣǾͻƣȶʮսʣʸ
˵ʶʮսζʸǣͷͬζлʸδͷгһգɱ
лƴ
ļǵãԶͨԼжϣ˵ͨ쾳ʸֵûɣлĴ൱
ͨ쾳磬Ǹʲôļ
л̫ȴ֪Щͷͨ쾳۷弶Ϊʱһսͷѿ˵лǽȭף񵶣һͨ۷徳磬ͷֵģ˱ɶ϶ͷͨ쾳۷塣
ԶͨҲǸ磬ֻǱͷǿһ߰ˣȴ϶лͨ쾳綼δܹ롣
Ƕлһ̡
лĿҪԽһУ޷ʱҲҪΪǿߣȻͨ쾳綼жδܹ룬߿Ҫ֪˽սʺͰ˽ս۷弶Ĳ֪࣬ͨͨ۷弶Ĳüʮľ
ԶͨҪ֪жǴģл˽ȭͷӵļᶨ
лתʥ
ʥȻЩήҡ
赣ģֻҪʥľҪͨĹеֻ輸յıչأɻָʥЦ
лʥǸмҲ֪Զԣ°ĵϾǵӰͻƾġ
ǰ˼ʥľѾл
ȥ֪ʥЦ
л뿪ʥ
߳һȻ֣ʥȻϾ棬ͨҲǧ׵ľ롣
۴ʥľĸ֣дϾĸ֡
л٣
Ͼ񣬽ӥռԼʥľ峤κ˱˹档
ϲ峤ˡлЦ
һжлٵĹͣʥľмκԾƽһݼ
ڴһʵ֣ܲ˷ܡ
ʥľıչδĸ֣ЩŽսʣûʮսʣлҲұ֤Ҳδѯʹʥľ峤ڰЩҪչصľŽսǰǵ֪֮Ҳ൱һʱ޷ƽϢ飬ûȹ̾ء
л˱ϾĻʹ

Σлʵ
⣡
ûʲôΣա
شķֱϾʥľ峤κ˴ǡǡ෴Ҳʾǵʵ
񿴿κȻʧЦʥľˣ峤ҲȷûʲôΣաһ£лܵʮ֣֣һǰȫǾҹ֧֣ǰҲðŷսзˡ
һ徫񣿡лǷһ˿ɭɭЦݡ
ЦУеĪĺ⡣
ǶһͷлҪɱˡ
뵽л֮ǰԶͨһּɨ˵Ĳп᳡棬˭Ҳұ֤лǷҪʮЩʲô
峤֮Կмʤ㣿лʵ
κЦʮɣ
лһʮɣҲƶϳʥľȷǷǳĿ£ӦòѷɫʵʤһΪǻһʥĴڣǿʮսʼǿߡ
ȫʮˣмɰգлʵ

񣬽ռµ˶̲סһ
֪л϶Ҫػ֣ɾû뵽ȻҪĨɱʮ֣ǻ˼ģڵ˼֮£ܻ಻Ҫ鷳
ȫߣѶȡκüлٿ֪ߴ˴˼໥Ƶģһǡÿʥľ壬ѩѷһЩʥľܹƴ壬ܹʥľҪΧʮˣһ֣ʤѽ𡣡
лͷ޷ʥǸѾڰ峤˳ǰȥǢȻӦϣȫڣһ


1589  ⲻʧ󡾶
һ
ĸ֣ƽȴ͸ɭϵɱ˲Ҳڳ˶֪л֣ĺ⡣
˱˴˶һۣ֪֣Ҫùˡ
лƴ¡
ʥľлʩչͨϾ·ͳȥǰȥʥǵǢ
֮ôǰȥлǷʥľ峤κǱδɾͷǷȻڱչأôʥľıȻǴɣ츳ޣȴǳһף˷񽻸ֻһƣʥǷΣжͱϵĲܣԺдʥľ飬ҲҪĻʥǷһЩìܵġ
лĿǺȫġ
ǵΧʮǰ׼
ϾͽӥޣȴҲܹʮˣֻʵߣƽʵֻǲʺ缶ˣʥľ巽ͬʮ֣ƽʵǸߴλӽʮ磬ϾͽӥʮֹЩ˽սǿ߼ڡ
л֮ͨϡ
ͨһ
ͨŨ۳ͷ񣬸֦Ҷïʢĵطĸ֪κ֪֮佻ݡ
ǰƺ֪ҪлЦ
ͨƽĵҸһУȻδͬ⣬ǼȻˣҲҪΪ˸ΣһΪұʾǸ⡣
Ǹ⣿лҡҡͷǰ˵䲻ĻǸ⣬̫ˣ
ͨͷ¶һ˿ŭҲѹ֣ϾǽӽԽʮսʵʵõԶ֧֣ͨͻƲڻ¡
תһ룬ͨûŭԸº͵ģΪߵͣǹƽԴǵıԡ
ѾעԸı䣬⡣ͨ˵
Ըı䣿лЦǰҲûʸȥעҪͷնɱ
ͨͷǸ𵽵жǿҲ֪룬κ˶ģﵽǸĳ̶ȣпִڵע»𣿡
лȻȻУ
ŵĻشͨЩȻ
ǰãҰ˽սʾͷĲأ鼶ʥĲأлʵ
ͨ΢˵ȻͷͰ˽ս֮Ĳһٶ౶࣬鼶ʥֻʮ鼶ֻ𲽽׶Σ˵˴˶ԿĻࡣ
л鼶±㿪ʼʥ׷ɱֱһ죬ʥƽƽ
ʲôͨԾĿл֪лһЩ飬ǴʹʥʼģΪʹʥʱлͨ϶ģ͵ľ磬Ӳȥᡣ
꿪ʼʮʱ䣬δһ˿ûзΪֹ£ʮʱ䣬Ҵﵽ˽սʡл˵ǰҵǱΣ
ͨԲŵĵʮſʼģ
лȷе˵ʮꡣ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣬ôܣͨ׾ˡ
ʮ֮ǰʮʱδһ˿ҴδһֱţгһգлȻ棬޵磬ҵǷ棬˵ʵԶ̣ͨҲδرǿΪǴһʲôİֽ䣬ͿʼĥԼǣ纣лƽĵ
ʱͨѾɵˡ
л˵ţгһգҽͷڽµʱҪԶͨҵǸĿϬ罣ӵͨЩĪļɵΪûʸҵˣ
Զͨ𾴣ǻˣͨ϶ŭģڣоı
õһڣŹԶͨһоԵɣǰν˼ϣڣԼлϣƫƫлֻʹʥ֮ʼһУǰ˵лһʮ޷ĥȴûС
Ϊʲô
˵Զͨռϲ˵ģҪǵ˼磬Ϊʲôʧȥлʮϣ
Ϊģ
뵽ܣͨɵôһɺĵðоĪĿ־壬ѹͷֻԶͨʧ
ԣϣܹͨ˵ͻȻ˵ȥˣĲܹκ⣬ʧлͬʧβ
Ϊһʧ󣿻ǱΪ˵Ĳ
ǰˣҳԶͨȻΪ˼縶һУԼл˵һֺܸӵĸ飬;ӣǰ̺ͨļ壬ľṩߣϣܹ̺϶ûгԽʮսʼ֮ǰṩ㹻Ҫ
ͨ㲻˵Ҳȫֵ֧ġ˵ЩŹֵĿллٵǷɱĶ
лɻɱǰΪ˵
ΪҵõϣҸ״ҵĴмУʥǵһоȻϡȱģἰ̺϶ԭϣԶͨһʧͨо̬ԡ
ϡȱл۾
ͨϡȱлٵʮĥ˵ǸĥҸװĥѷɫܹʮھĵһؼڣƫƫҸȴ֪飬ʧ󣻿̹ĴڣҲҸ׿֮󣬷ֵģͬȱõľϣ϶õ˱񹭣̺űմУͬûκμء
ǶʥֻһĶл˵ǰռʥμһϡ
ʲôͨǾгģֻһĶ
һһˣ⻹λл
ͨŨ۵ݶŤˣ˭лϸ˵һ¡
ло̬ԣܴﵽ˼⵽֣Ϳܱ顣
˵һһΪ൱ۣ츳֮ߣѷɫ˼κһˣٶȸޱȣǰʥõϢѾϹµıУţϹǰҲ֪ĺᡣл˵
ͨɫѾѿ˼㡣
л˵ڶλΪ裬ʮʮܵռϴʽѹ֣ٶʼܵƣڼʥᣬѪ䣬Ϊҽ츳֮ߣ޷ԤδɾֻͣҪʱ㹻ﵽͷӦòѡ
ʥţͨʼˡ
λС޲µŮˣ裬츳֮Ҳ£ؼ϶ģгһܶɹһνѣһɳġлƽ˵
ͨɫ쳣ѿ


1590  ⲻʧ
˵лһʧ󣬼ҲʧĻôԲʧΪ⣬ʥᣬʥԶʥʵ壬˵ԶʥʵĺᣬѪĴڣҪӣѣοһĴڡ
ͨЩĵĴأ
һ̣һȻѾʮ꣬ΪռϴʽԵʣѹֵʱ䳤ʮ꣬ƶϣѾõķѪս⣬ǱҪǿһߵġл˵
һʥǣ˼ϣڣȻÿ˶ȱʵĲ֣ôܡͨŵĵݸ״ҵĴмʾʮ޷ĥϹ屦֮أʥѪ츳̵ռϴʽѹٶȣȻûκεһϢ
ʥʵƸĴڡ
ʥǿĻܹɨһֲҷ£ܹɱǵĵز
̡϶۽ܣõȵȣһóܹ͸ǿһĴڣ츳ѷȴĴ챦ľ飬飬ʥ֮Դǽ϶б񹭣մУڵõʼ⣻ˣ˭˵Ǿһδлˡ
ƫƫһʥǵţȻˡ
ܣܣ׵ģΨһĽֻһ֣Ǿʥǵø޷ǵǱ˵ųͷͨȻܵǿҵĳ
л֮ǰʥǸ֪ʲôıǿѾʧȥ籾Դ֮λóʲô취νһʥҲûֻһʦʥ֮ˣҲûǵΨһĿܾʦ
ͨʦ
ԣҵƶϣ˼ѪһʦƶѪ֮˵ı֮¡л
ʦʵΣͨʵ
ЦлƺǿʵƲ£Ʋʮ꣬ʦϵʱԽƳɳٶԽ죬Ȼܹܡ
ͨɻĵ԰˵ĻʦʵҲȻ޵ģδﵽڱʥĵز
޷Ǿû˿ˣⶫĪ⣬ʦģԶͨʵҪѯĻôܱɱɱĻΪʲôл˵ɫȻһ䣬һµͷͷ¶һɳǵɱ⡣
ͨĿлҪѯʣȻҲл뷨ɫˢһ±һƬҰףĵ⣬ⲻܣôܡ
лϵļһ鴤ŭĻٶͷؼ䣬һɲбɷɭĵԶͨǹģҪʥǵΪǣͷʱ
⣬ֻƶϡͨ˵ĵȫޡ
ƶϣлɱ죬˵أƾһ˶ҲǣһͷôһˣͷעӶν˼ϣѸٳɳĻᣬˣʥǵΪ۵ģһܹǣһôأ϶أ̽أأأսأֶأأأôˣÿһ֮ʣȶͷʵȻҲΪҶ¶ӶͷرչˣĿıǣʥǵȫɱʱ䣬ȡ˵ĳɳǲˣҪͱ뷴ͱ뾡ŬͷҲֻΪȡʱɳ˵ĿɶԣԶͨĿģҪʥȫȡ˼ϣҲϣ
лɱصıʣͨҲһ˿ŭ᲻һ˿شΪлƶϣҲͬͨ
ʥȫȡ˼ϣ
ʥ˵ڴǶʥ֮˵أ
лΪǱŰ֮ʥ͵Ǵһɵƽ֮лŭȻɢ
лƽϢ
һѳɶ֣ǲܵģΨʥԼδܹȥͨƶϣ뵽˸飬ʶӭж⣬ǹڷһģ
һ壡
лĶڳ鴤
ûʲô뵽һЩ顣лƽĵ
ʥ˵Ҳѯʡ
ͨ¶֮ɫ飬º͵Ҫ޷ˣлȴܹ£Ҳ͸¶ʥйķʥʥǵˣ꿪ʼʮĥĽ
̡л΢Ӵ
еѹ
ƮȻ
ʥǰʺȥɣ㣬ʮսʣɳءлĻ͸
̲ɵһ˸ɻĿͨ棬Ҳûзԣͷţҵ㡣
˵ʥʥṩ
ٶҲʥܲ⣬ʮսʣǺ̫ͨˣлΪ˾ٶأ
ǰһҪǰ顣л
ʥ״Ҳֻߡ
ǺαأһģԺѱҸװŵҲаͨ
лһڣҪܹƾԼõʥ֮Դȫеģƾǻ۵õĳɾͣĳɳ
ͨɫȻĵ𣿡
лÿɷ
ԶֻͨһˣܣҲΪģƫƫԵʥǡ
ǾͲĸĸˣѣŮˣЩĵ׷ߣǾԲԭµģ
лҲ֪Щ˵У»˻䣬ĸĸ˺ԼŮˣԱ⣬Ϊͷעǡ
Զͨԭ£
϶ڲ⣬һҪлǰġлĵһ£ˡ
˵뿪
ܸͨʲô˵ʲôأ
̾һͨʧˣͨһ״̬У϶ļռڣȴƾնļ壬϶ĿʼԼļ֮·
뿪ͨл¹ƽ
ԣŭá
ٶȺʥľ峤κʱ̬ѾˣʱʥľҲˣҴϢ
һСʱ֮ǰлɱ֣ʮ֣
лһ̽£ʱת۱ȥˣһˣ߳ϾĽơ
ʥľ壬ϾͽӥҲ׼
սһ


1591  ֡һ
̤Ͼһ̣лξͨûһ˿ŭûһ˿ɱ⣬·һжһ̶ˮ㡣
ȵٶȿ֣ݣлȻ򣬲ûŭҲûɱ⣬֣ԾĴ̫࣬ÿζǲҰܶ飬̤˽սʣǲŸսʵ֣֮ٳ嶯ȻҪǣл֣˼ͷãΪͷʥǵˣҲһ˿˵Ǻôĵط
ǾĿͷǸ𣬾֣ܹҲ֣֮ƥеĸо
ʥҪ߳Լһ·˼ͷ˼ߣлһĨϢǴ´ȥ˼ǣ֣ʥˣ̵ȵȸ˻ء
ֻܿʥԼ
л̤գ֣ƽи߶ȡ
ֻлӵĵ
֣ϵļһ鶯ͷ֣ĴˣѾлرĸ飬Ҫʧȥǣɷӵļ
лҪ֣ɭĵ
˵¶ʮˣÿζɥ֮ȮһӴܡлڲǰ˭ɱӴܣһµѪʧˣ
⻰Ǽ⵶֣ࡣ
վ֣Եһһֵ֣٣ˡ
֣ҧصһͷ
һֿ粽һ׵ľ룬лʮ׵ľ롣
λл۶ŴˣƾĸӦ˵ʵͣӦǾŽսʵľ硣
˽ս۷弶ЩûгأȻŽսѾˣôֻһֿܣ˵츳֮ߣԾ׵ģܱ趼ģһڵҲδϣ
һϣ
лɲǼӿɭɱ⡣
ҪһϣɱڴˣŽսʣߣֻҪǾŽսʵʵϵǿߣɱ⣡
һ壬ĬȺһŽսʰȻ
лһһǻգô
ĬȺЦһƣ֪ģֻ֪ɱĬȺ㹻ˣ
ĬȺ
а˰ɣ
лӺ׻˺ҿ֪һ߹Ѿаƿأ֪һлֻǶһһƿߣʵʵһаѪˡ
ʮǿ壬壬лǺа
һ˲ܰҵҪصһˣҪһͷβ飬һؾҲҪȥ׳죬ҵҪһʲôءлָĵ
ĬȺȴ⣬ЦûˣΪ㽫ҪҵУ㽫ĬȺʶ˼Ŀʼ
һΪǵɵϣлƲ
ҡĬȺȻһɱ⣬һܵȻϱǺȻͬʱһ˫۾ҲƺлȼţǿľŽսʵѹʮ
лĬȺ˼תðһͷ
ĬȺ
ȡĬȺļ䣬˵ݣһھǷǳ֮ߵģȻһܣܽ˼߹ڳϾһ˼λǷѪڵĸ£Ȼ֮ϵжġ
ҪǳҪǷʵĬȺʵŽսʣл˽սʣƾսлаսɱȴԽܣбҪܣǱ˷֣Ҳᱻһ巽֪ȻһϵаţԻҪ֪С
ȴ£
лϣͬƣͬʵ񵶣ֱ͸ش󺣣˿ĬȺ
˵ײ
䡭
ڶǿĳķԲǧڵĴ󺣳һˮ𣬸һֲ㡣
ϵǴ
벻Զ˽սǣ׷׵ĵˣ޷ֿ
֣춢лѿģ⹷յĲֽ˰ɣ
벻˶УΪҪˡ
Ľפأлսʣһս߽սʣɱӴܣڲǰһɱʧأʱ߽սʣأɢƣǰ˽սеġ
ǰŶ೤ʱ䰡
Ǽһϣɱ֣ͻȻолһĬȺȻһյģȻȫϾڵġ
ʮ˽սʷ׷׳
ĬȺɫ΢䣬Ҫȳ⡣
ԶΪʤ𣿡Ͼڴ
¡
ϾߵķȻʧ
ɷڵʮ˳𣬸Ŵİ˽սɢǿƣаԵĳ֣ǰ
ʥľ壡
ʥľˣ
⣬ϵˣϾʥľĸ֣
ʥľˣ
һ쳹ؼ䣬֣ĸһɫʥľ̫һ壬ʮȫѹʮֵ
֣ɫҲˣȵˣ
Ҳɵӡ
ˣߵ𣿡лĵ
Ļ䣬ֵ֣ı󣬳ְԲεǧ⺣ˮ£ϡﻩĳʮˡ
Ϊ׵ǹ޼̵ʥǸ֣ЩиʵɣǼңң壬ҹħ壬ʥʥ׵ȵ
֣죬ĬȺǸţл˫Ŀͬʵʰ㣬գ˸еĪѹҪʮˣһ
֣һ
ʮˣһ
Ѫ򰡣Ҳ˺ɣǿʮˣвֵģ˼֮¡
ĬȺɫҲˡ
Ȼһصĺһ֣ľǰ˽սʺ߽սʸһϾŽսϵ̫ˣȫ䣬һԣȻشʧܹ˼Ԫġ
ʮˣֻһʼվڿУһϾһϮɫľװеķХǹ³һĺХƺһ渴գʥѾ֣ԴΪɱ֣
ʲô壿֣쾪е
ĬȺҲȻеʥǣ
΢һͷǹ޼ƮȻɳұǴϴϣ˷Ҵʮ֣ͳ˧ʥǰ˴֣ҵĸףϴ죬Сʱǰɱ֣פأ
֣ڼлǣ񵶡
һʱ˵񶼱ˡ
ʥǷʮȫеıһɱ⣬Բڶʮ㡣
ͨʥΪ֮Ȼ
ʮָ֣ɫȻЩҲ¶ƴһսơ
˵Ŀⶼл߾ŵ档
˻
лҪµһ̣һ˻Ȼ
һ޴ӰӶ쭶Яףľˣ֮ˮȻǷˣʮֻأ׵ķˣ


1592  ֡
ǽŵΪ֮һ
˭˲֪˵ʮǰĴڣڲǰɨɱ˼ĶһʮǰĶ񣬳׽Ѫӡһִʹһعĳڣϵʮս۷弶ǿߣ粻ȣˣ˼ҲûиֵģЩѪ֮ˣǷˣ˼統ϵĴڡ
ס֣
ף˱㷢һ˻
һס֣ԭڵʥΪ֮һ֣ʮֶǷ·𿴵ϣ
лüͷ壬ɫ䡣
ˢ
ȫǰɲǼ䵽ǰ
ܵͬһ㣬÷Բǧ֮ڣˮϵ·Ҫȼˡ
޷ܵʥľˡ
ľԵģƣοǻ޵еĴڣףǿǽ׵Ƿյֻͼףһʥľ塣
ߣ
лһٸ߿գϱһǿƣӲǽɢǹ׵Ϣֵ
ͬʱҲֳԷ˵Ĳ𾴣Ȼԡ
˱֣֣ǰһԸ̣һƷˣǾͺˣʥǷ군ɡ
ֻ֣
֣ʮֺƿǡ
˼ѽڼǲֶ⣬ȻɱҪɱʮ˼֣лʥҪΪֿ·𣿡Ŀ罣лŭȵ
ʣ֣˲㱩Ц
ʮʥǸǶԷ˵ı൱ĲʥľĴҪڷ
лֹ֣ǡ
ˡлɫƽһ̶ˮһڣֱӽǰ֮ƣҿƽζҲ֮⡣
ľٶʱ˫Ŀ¶һĨŭɫ
֣״Ͻел̫ˣǰǰȻҿڳǰ䣬ʲô
лȻŤͷ֣졣
һ͵ѹȻȥֲ֣׻ֻսʣǸոտսʣ˽սʵлжʮܹܣʹһѪɳȥ
ŭǰˣ
лһ˿Ц⣬ˣһɱˣŲţŵĻҿɱһ˸㿴
ˣ
һֳ˶ˣʥǵĸǣ˭Ҳû뵽лȻ˶Դˡ
˲ɴŭ
һ壬һ壬ǿڷһ˼εķϣ˸˼繦ͰǰģŲţҲɱлЦЦ˵
֪С˴ŭ
ǺڣȻӡ
ŭķ˵׶̼䷽Բǧڵĺˮ½ʮףͳͳˣһεѹƵؼ䣬͸
ˣ
һǿ˳ܴϾڱ
ʥˡ
ͬΪʮսʣʥȻҪڷ࣬Ƿ˵ʮδãڲǰƴսͷ߲¡
ʥʲôŭȵ
ΪʥһӣȻΪʥǳʥߵ
Դŭ
лЦʥǰ֣ɱңҲûеɱңɱңԶͨɱ԰ɣˣ
ʲô㡭¶Ȼ֮ɫȵĿл
лһӣһռܹǣȴ޷ǽ̸
˼ͷӡ򣬷һ屻ӡڵ£ɺ𣿡лЦЦĿŷˣѹŭŪԶͨʥǵıٶ֮ѾŪһУһ
㶼֪ˣû˷ŭƽĵ
лһѹǹٴαŭ𣬵֪ˣʥǣͷ
˵û취ģΪ˼磬Ҫ֪϶ޣҪΪ塭
Ҫҳʲô壡лٿȻֵָˣŭȵ
˶ܿȴͻȻлŭָˣ˶ɫһ䡣
ʥǷǽ
֣¶ϲ֮ɫȻ˾ٶǲ֣ڴĿţ뿴лѵ
ɽһĻ˸ǽӵɳˡ
˾Ȼû¶ŭͣл͸¶֮ɫ
壬ҷһΪ˸̫̫֪࣬Щʱһ̬ȡƽĵ
ôʣǷһǱƵ𣿡лˣҴʡ
ǣǷһǡ˵
лֱӴĻǷһΪԼΪǲô壬ʲôƨĴ壬Ƿƨ˼ҪȾҪǷһ壬ΪԼܹȥȴԼһʲôһ˵Ц
ҷһ壬һ壬˼Σǹϵģŭ
Ҫ˵κҾöģлЦ޷ǳζѣҲǳ֣һΣʮǰո˻ǧ˼ǿ߽͵ħ缴ʤʱģһѹħģ˵ĿɶԣǰϹʥʸǼܵħʱǷһųģ˵ĶԻǴô˵ûǷһ壬˼ܹͬʤǷһγֵĻǺðȥʤʵɾ˾һ壬˵ףǸ
˲Ȼŭ壬ɱ㣡
лӵĵðվԿǸɱң˼ͷǵһŬ׷ѣеˣŶˣ˼ͷӦһڰɣҴʷǰ֪ǰһǷǳǿʢģʱԶʥħʷˣǷһǿȴʷˣԵʱһ峤ӦԶͨһ𱻷ӡģҲ˵ʥǣͷıı֮һ˼İ취ͽ׵ıƻܲ㶼ҴңΪһˣӰҵĽٶȣǣͷҲܵӰ졣
㣬Ȼ֪ˣֻѹŭ
ұ֪ġлЩĵǲ֪һ廹Ǿһ壬˼ͷȻǾмӵģȻ˼ϣأΪǵٶʥǵ˼֧֣սˡ
һһ磿
леǰ;ڰûһ˿Ĺ
ѹᱻѡУǱΪĴǣ꿪ʼĥǣ߳ǿʼ⵽Χˣʥǿߣȴܹܹﵽڵľ磬ȷǣͷѡ񡣡˳
лзһĨɱ⣬̹ǣ˶ûɵһ󲻰
һлŬԼƽ
ǽһиʱˣҲ֤Լ֮ǰƶϵʱ
м⣬ϣʵĻشңҲҷſģΪԼ棬Ϊʥǵƴȥл
˵ȻѾƶϳˣҲûбҪˣʲô⣬˵ɡ


1593  ֡
ȻĿŷˣл⣬֪࣬˾Բشܱ˿Ͼ֪һУƶϳģҲԶͨ⣬֪ͨıΪֹлֵΨһһά˼һеģͨĽŻƶϳһС
ڷһƶϣǼ򵥡
˼ͷʣƾ˼磬ΪʲôѡǰˣûжǿĳԽʮսʵЩԭܼ򵥣һĳɷһΪʲôͷأȻǷһϵ
˵˼緢飬ڲݣִ߾Ƿһ塣
һıȡ˻ʺϹʥʵսȡ˾һ˵ףһ壬
һ⣬һΪαӡڵ£л֣ͨ̽Ū֮󣬾뵽ЩֻǻЩؼ޷Ūס
һ÷Ϊ֮һ
йâ˸֪Щʲô
лĵҲиƶϣǶǴ
ʲôƶϣ˵
һֱһʣΪֹ˼ʮǰ飬еǿǵĴ˵ȵȶǲȱȫģϡٵżжټΪʲôʮǰһһм¼ͳͳûСл˵һ֮ǰ⿴ûжٹϵĻ
ԭƽķ˶Ȼ䣬ɫ䣬иâƺҪ͸лһˡ
ôҡлĵ֪ĶܶҲ٣ƫƫЩǡǡܹĶļ䣬ŶԱɱǸĳһ䣬ֻǰһ֣ȻЩޣ֪Щģļ䡣
ν䣬Ȼаļ䡣
а־ս꣬ʱǡǡһ̣ļ䱻õ٣ʥл̫ʣЩʣȥףһ㱻лŪˡ
õļ䣿һ循Ȼɷлеʲôƣλõ䣬Ҳܻļ䣡
ҵĵƣƾʲô㣿л
˱˵ƿԣǰƾʲôѾ֪ˣʥǵΪעƾʲôҪ
ããȻõ䣬ҲûʲôˣûԲҪƻǵļƻֻɭɭĵ¶®ɽĿҲȥαװǷνĴ壬ȱ
л͵س鶯һ£ԭΪΪһⲻʩȶģû뵽ȻԳֻɱġ
ջ
лֻǿţΪҪƻƻĻͬᱻĨɱܻţ̡֪֮
ΪԼʥ
˼ϵתӷ˿׳ܣл˼󶯣ͨܣаȡĹǶļ䣬ϳһЩԡ
л˼ٵת˼Ÿֿԡ
ΪʲôҪɱ
ƻƻѵҵһǰǣͷĶģ
˵ĻлԺиֹڻ·ӷ˵һЩде֪ǰһЩ飬ʱߴҰĲͼȡ˼Ȩ⻹ʥء
Χˣĸ츳һ㣬ɾͲߣŸոðͷֻǼʱ䣬ճһַѹ˼һߴ壬ɱʥأģ
ǱΪǣͷĻôͿԽ̶ܹ̼ʱ䣬ﵽ˸߶ȵľˡ
ǱΪǣͷİɣлЦ
۶лߵ֪ĵˡ
ŶҵʲôƣлЦЦĵ
ʥʺᣡЦȥϹʥµİҵʳϹʥʵĺᣬ岮ͳͳʧѾͷˣŻ֪ô࣬԰ɣ
лÿɷһЦ
Ǵа֪ģаأȻܱ¶ȻΪǾôΪȥɣаɡ
عɡлĵ
Цлйâ˸
лҲǣ˵û´ӦľٶĨɱ˹˻ʱǰĴ󲿷ֶǷһ˻ʱǰԶʥʱʱδûʵ
Ŷ𣿡˵
ȻлΪԶʥһΪʱǿ֮һ˼Կһ嶼ѹ֮ڣһֹ֣˻ش𣬼˵ҪϣǺû˼γģܼ򵥣ֻذ壬㣬ʮֻأ
ϵһ
лʮֻأֻʮսʣȻԵõףȻͼף𣿣ȻָˣΨһͣڵķһ嶼ǴĽģľʮֻأװ棬ַѹô򵥣ǲŻᱻڵʮֱ꣬ǰǲŷֻˣһмƻ˳ʱǲŻͷҶ϶Ƿһ屣ûȫֻһĿģǾңͷʵ겻òңұͷһսĽңͷΪ֮ˣδǺͷһսģǾͻرעңһעңͻ֣ᷢҵ߻ͷҪɵǱ֮ţӶͷ˼ʥǣ
Ȼ֪ˣҲҷȷûб⣬ˡ
лͷô˵ҲϣǷһ屻ӡ˰꣬ðʱ䣬ﵽʮֻأȡףУǿӳģʮǰеΪǷˣ԰ɣ
˵ĵΪΪ˼磬ȻǶʥ˵ܲпᣬܱɣ޳ܣǵĳȷģΪ˼磡
һ㣬ҳϣ֪ƻƻܻʸ󣬿ȴûƻȻޣȻ˼һӣҪΪ˼鿼ǡлĮȻĵ
ؽҺ˵
лߵҪֻҪסһ仰
ʲô˵
лһһֵĵҲ죡
˵ףлҲ˽ĵģд壬Ϊ˼ȥҲ˽ģҪ벻ȵһΪҪԼ˱ĨɱôȷȻᱻĨɱļƻǼȻܹ˼ʮ꣬һа취ȥ׼ţΪʲôȫȫһһĻͳɹ˰ɣһ˾·֮ıá
лֻ̡
ľǱ֤ƻ֮ڣͷĹ£ȥ
ȻƻƻĻضȱɵ
˵ףʥٵ˼˫ѹեȥлٵҪ⣬ֻлȥܹǷʤ


1594  ֡ġ
Ȼ⿴ȫûлľ棬ȻǱлյһʥһ̫ǿʢˣ
Ϊһǿʢܹ˼һһҪʵĵزû˱лͳ˧ʥǸܷļƻļƻ
ֻҪƻƻôûдﵽͷȫʥ֮ǰᾡŬʥǵҿܰʥǵѸٵĳɳ
ڼ䣬лҪܵȡ棬һܵķŴΪԺ⵽׼
ȻҲҪȡһпܣ˼ʥϣŽ壬壬ʥȵȣǿɶޱǿĴڣֻҪûճɾܹͣʹ壬ǿڿġ
Ҳ죿ڶУ·һЦЦѾעˣ޷ı䣡
лڶ⣬Ȼһô嶷˼ʮ꣬µѪӡţ֪İɣ
ȻֻһСɫˡ˰Ȼ
ˣһСɫлҲΪǱɱĶеģʮ̣Ϊָܹư˼磬ת˵Լγһأʱ֣ҲͲΪ嶷ѪӡӴˣԭ򣬻ҡ
˵ͷǼƻؼһڣ㻹
лҲ˵ںܾǰʥǽڣʥھƿص档
ܴЦ
лȴоͬ˺ܳһƣʥ͸˸߲㡣
뽫еˣˣģǵħģˣڳ㲻ԲҲҪǵݡ
⣬Զͨ˵ʥǵĿģҪ˼磬˼ϣͷǰĳ֣ҲǷһѪˣڶɡлĵ
ûзϣҲûгϡ
ı֣л֤һ㡣

лЦⱻŵ֮գҪٶȥʥΪ۸˵ʲôˡ
ĸ⡣лŷ˵۾ƺҪ͸꣬ټȫϹǿǰȥΪ£
÷˶ȻһЩ䱸Ķл˵ˡ޷ش𡣡
лҲΪ⣬شԤ֮У⣬ҲһҲԻش𡣡
ܻشһش𡣡˵
лһ޹
ˣ
ԭԾŵȻΪ˵񶯵һӱ̼佫лµؿռݻˡ
˵Ҳڵ
ǿֻ΢һ̼·ǧڵĺˮһ½ʮףȫˡ
ʥϾƾճڵļ
ؼ䣬һƬɫΪ硣
˸¶һĨɭɱ
л׹ߡ
ڣ¶ٶȣлȻе·𱻱һ㣬սҪļ󣬺ǽеȻܲðӰģлսع鵤ڣ㲻ôܵӰˡ
֣쿴˷Σɵôǰ
տڣһɨȥ֣켴̱죬ٲ˵һ֡
ϣһвңȻĻҾƻƻӦֻ֪ҪƴƻĻٺ٣ǱõҲܱʱܷŭҲһл£в
ɫ䡣
ͻȻ֣ƻһȱ㣬ǾлƿصʥѾԶԶԽĸ˼Ψſѹʥǣƫƫڸ޷˴˼ĳɼ̫ˡ
һ»عƽ
ؼָһƬʡ
˼ΣڵϦڼҲԭʲôԹϣܹΪ˼δ룬ڿʼгϹģսгʮϵİ˽սǿͬʱսһΪУ
֣һʱ׶
ǱͱʮʥǸְΧţɵģڷ˵һ仰ǵ
лû뵽ɣ֣Ц
ʮָǹЦǵЦܹһء
ʮʥǿߣһǲޡ
лɫƽˮȻˣʣΪ֣ʮΧϾʱ㲻
ҵõϢ֮󣬾͵һʱϹˣɻһЩ˵
ˣ飬԰ɣɲܹҡлĵ飬ӣǱǴ֮ʮ˻Ҫ
ԣɲȻŭ
Ҫҷŭ˵һһΣһΣݹ飡лɭɭĵ
ˣ
ȫ˵ʱһӳֶ·
лȻвˣ

˫ĿĶлһֱסӵĸо޿̵׷һ˻һֱ죬һСʱ֮˼粻÷˵Ĵս򣬱һΪУ
˵꣬˺ݺݵĿлһۣˡ
ֳԾǰҪûһ˴
ֱ˵Ӱ׵ʧ˵ĿˢˢļлϣǶһͷлͷ֮ǰڽʲô
л֣΢΢һЦףһ̿ʼҪһĵ·˵ȡǣͷ֮ǰΣ˼޷ƾԼȥĻҲȣΪ˼Կˣ̸ǣͷĵ·ԽԽߣʶʥģǵˣɱ⣬Įһ֣ɱһ
һ£ʱʮɽһĳɱȥ
ʮʮˣƽÿ˶ԸˣҾʵʥǷһ
һ浹ɱ¾
һллᣡŽսĬȺ״һһİ˽ս۷弶ǿߣͬʱɱлȥ
ҪлҪЮս
л΢΢һЦٿȻչת󺣡
ٶĬȺ˲ɵôϲֻҪΧǵĻ󣬱ȫٶȳڡ
ֱ뺣ǧ׵ȡ
ѹһսʶѳܣսѴﵽлĿҲܼ򵥣ĬȺ
վˮУȺĬȺ˵
ɱ
ĬȺ˿л㱩ɱȥ
лȻѹ𵴷Բǧ׵ķΧʹڣǿսʶҪӴܡ
Ȼлһӡ
ؿռ
ȴÿռ壬ܹͬߺսһҲ֪
ĿֳɱлֻǾĿš
ɱ
ֻâ䵽лǰʮ׵ľ룬Ҳʱлڳˣ˽սʵޱĳ
ʱ䶷֮ʱ侲ֹ
лһһʱ֡
ˢ
Ǿ޴ʱƾշŴֱӽĿռҪǲܵġ

ͬʱ
˵ʵҲǿޱȵģĬȺѾǾŽսʣʵǿı̬ǽոɣʱֱѵļ

Ƶ磡
лٶȱ˽սʵٶȱ֮ǰ֣ٶȻҪ콫գ۵ʱ䶼ƾճھŽսĬȺǰ


1595  뺷
꣡
ʱѡ
ǿĬȺչֳŽսʵ˽ս۷弶ǿߵһ˲Ϣʱ䣬ͽ䳹׵ķ顣
Ҳһ˲䣬лվĬȺǰ
лȭͷȻȥǼȭ˸ŵĵһ֮ŭصҳĬȺ״һĽлȭͷͬʱڵҲ
ȭһ񽣡
أ
֮ڣһĻ˷ȥǿսҲչֳ˵ϼȭ׵ļӳ֣϶֮ŭһ±㽫񽣴ĳһڣһĬȺϣƺһ󵹷ɳȥ
һĬȺ
˽ս۷弶ǿҲ֮ҳ֡
ػʥ壡
лһػ֮ðֱǰҳֵֵ֣ĺ
䣡䣡
ǿлѪһӿػ֮ҲѺۣɼ˽ս۷弶ǿߵʵôǿ
Ĵػ֮ܣҲǳּѺ۶ѡ
Ҳ׵ػ֮ܿɲô׶Ըģڱеһ˲䣬ͬʱһ׻֮
ǽɫ׵磬ܹ֮вŽսʵĿֲ
һȻ˽սʵϡ
ҲǴ˵ùлȫһĬȺѾˣ϶ûжˣȫģζû뵽׵ػ֮ܿɲǺǵģԶġ
ȫһն׵ػֻ֮жʮ׵ľ룬Ҫܡ
ء
Ľɫϡﻩ˵ϡ
˽ս۷弶ǿ߱ˣʵ㹻һ㹻Ҫ
л̽һץǰ˽ս۷弶ǿߡ
лңĬȺŭտһ
һ潣âͨ͸ʮ׵ľ룬˺գ·Ҫضֿһ㣬׺ݵлնɱȥ
İ˽ս۷弶ǿҲ񱩳
أ
һ֮£Ǵػ֮ڱѣǿĽ¡
м䣬бɱһ
лҲ֮ĳȻ󹥻мķ϶ϸǱһŹ֡
ʱ֡
Ҳһ˲Ϣʱ䣬лǻᣬȻٶȣءһץס˵İ˽ս۷弶ǿߣҲȥ
꣡
ݣݣ
ʱٶ
ֵĹҲ֮лӹȥ
ð˽ս۷弶ֵлս߶һӱ㽫˵ˣһӡ
˱ͬľżһ㣬ɳؿռĿռڡ
˱ˡ
ʼգʵ˶ûзӳǿлܹ֮ռȣ㣬һʱ侲ֹĬȺڶ޵б׵ػ֮׻֮䲻ĹЧ
һˣлһ˽ս۷弶ǿߡ
˽ս۷弶ǿɫһݡ
ǾŽսĬȺɫ΢䣬ʶĹעˣ˼ոճô˼лͬŵڵֱӱȥĿȻĬȺ
һսлҲˣʵܹĬȺѴа˽ս۷弶ǿϵĬȺܹһ֣ȫ֮ǰصĳ䲻ֶΣЩֶȴ𵽴á
ҪľƾԼǻۡ
˵԰˽ս۷弶ԼķлȴûȥĬȺһ˭֪£õİ취ĬȺĿлɽĬȺȻķֳһ˿עˡ
ⲻле֮ϲҲһ㣬ĬȺʵս飬ǷȱΪߣȴûжսľ
л֪ռȻһֱȫ
˫ȭ֮ŭ
ͬһŭ׺ݵײȥ
аɱ
ĬȺɭһ˻˽һϣ棬ȻԾһɫĹâʹǻɫ涼ɫġ
ѹȥ
·һħɽ棬ʹһͬһħɽűɱϢ׺ݵն¡
ءأ
л˫ȭ档
ͬʱһʹͬʱ󵹷ɳȥ
˽սʼ״̳նɱ
лæӶƣһػ֮ܳǰ
ǣ
ǰ˽սһ֮£ػ֮ܵѣһҲˣл֮ǿסΡ
һ˽ս۷弶ǿȻٶɱȡлһ˿Ļᷴ
ĬȺҲʱǿֹסΡ
һĻҲȻ񽣣׼л°˽ս۷弶ǿһ֮󣬸һ
ۿֽɡ
лȴ¶һĨЦݡ
˽ս۷弶ǿһնɱлƽ֮Ʒ磡
ˢ
ڰ˽ս۷弶ǿߺĬȺעУлƾʧ
ٶȳֵʱлѾĬȺ
Ʒ磬Եһμˣʵǿ޷׽ġ
վĬȺлҲó񵶡
һڡ
ƶն
лս߶ȭ׼ߺһ޼᲻ݵһһеնȥ
ӦΣĬȺһԱȥͬʱһõıɱһȥ
䣡
ײ
һĵǷĽâػ棬ǿĬȺֱ۷飬ʧȥֱһεϣͬߵķݣһӱײؿռ۳Ŀռ档
̫ǿ𵴵ǿռҲ顣
ĬȺҽźɳȥ
лᵶ׷ȴΧӰζʥǵĸȻ˵ذΧʥľľŽսͬʱ
ѱ˵ĬȺлƴһսģŽսһһңһ͵Ϯֱˡ
ΣлֻܿЦҡͷ
֮Ե֣ԭĬȺ֪Ͼʥ֮ƿصôǷѪأ
һĬȺȻᱻ֪䣬һ߹ع⣬Ȼǰ׼ʥڵѪ߹ܼصĸץ
ĬȺվǾŽսʣףɱѣܸϼѡ
µ֮࣬벻ȥˡ
һ˽սʼǿߣͱڶ߽ף˽ףŽսʵѹȵˡ
Եʵǰ޷

һǰлӳȥ˰˽ս۷弶ǿҲѺء
ƫƫľ棬лУüͷ΢΢һ壬̱ע⵽ˣƮɹ
ôˣ̵
Щ鷳лڻ޷˵ȽһĸָС
ɱɣԣһͬỳɣĬȺݣΪʲôɱ䣬һأ
ɱɣͬһ϶Ȼ֪ܡ
ɱɱһѽ⡣
лΪѵʱ򣬴Ϲ޼ӺǱл٣һˣ˵Ҫʡ
ʣл۱侫⣬ɨһһ֣̽ȥʥ̸аɣҪһ¡
̵ͷ档
ֻסлĸ첲Сɫǣʲôˣôоĺܳء
ûʲô£ֻеˡлһǣ㣬ǺþûһоŮ幹˰ɣھȥоһ¡
շһУлʹһƵ뿪˴˵ء


1596  Ψһʥǡһ
ϾһɾĹڣǴⰻȻʱһһŮһ˿ҵڴϣһַԺţһڻŮ˽۵ϸţȻл壬һ籩ϴлѹֵǹаҲǷйˣжԻмҲΣǺͷϸһ
˼ʣѾȻ˯
лɢ˵
лΪֹƵĸŮˣֱ̣ȷϵı裬̣϶߸Ůˡ
ΨҪѷɫ࣬ȻȾ󲿷ֵ츳ߵĶ࣬ԵѷɫΪֹҲʵ͵ġ
ҲǻԼٵģֻĬĬ֧֣Ҳ֪ﲻ϶æʼնۣܲȴôޥʣл֡
գ˵ϹһĨЦ⣬ƺεʲô£лһ˵ƽ͡
ľΪĸԵʣʼ޷ľͨߵľʹʥһɽ壬ĻģҲˣ壬лܻ˵ԸСħһЩʣԾľˮ
Ψܹľʼձ״̬лĵĵҲΨľ״̬ܹ˼ʣҳǾĵ·е
˼ɵ뵽ʥǵˡ
֨֨
Ŵ򿪡
һȶ˵ӰȻ
йرա
лÿҲ֪Ȼ̣ΪѾκ˲̤㷽ԲڣҲΨ̸
СɫǣҾ֪϶ûɺ¡̿лľһ𣬱һۡ
лല齿մ
ִһοռ䣬磬վڴǰ޵Ļ½չ¶κ˶Ҫлаٶȼ˯зһ͵͵Ťٶ˯˹ȥ
Ĩһѣе԰
̽ҲŶлЦֽ뻳С
ȴûҵĽѹ¡
ûоٶһȻлĻУСɫǣȻסѵǽҵˣ
ô᣿̽ˣ㿴лٺЦ
ɨлɲһۣЩ٣Ľ屧ŷһߣȻֿȥ׼˵ɫȻſлĻУͷлһֱ§ų˯壬ЩԴ׵ĵôŲһ
Ҳ֪㣬ҵľܴﵽޱȳĵز̽ջңҶסл
һ壬ֹ⵹ˣѾͷϲ֣СħеƵԸȻľˡ
ǵľİɣܺãܹ˼⣬ʥǵлˣʽ
ἰ£̵ɫʱ
л̵֪Ըʱ̣˵ģȻ˷ʽشķ֣ҲˣŲԼġ
ʲô£л
֪˴αһץסĶʲôˣ˵
л˭
һ˵峤ҴܣǼ峤ޣҰؼҼʢҼ
һ˵˶ʮˡ
û˵һлľһ£һɭɱʹлϱΪЩõˣ˹رģлĳʱΣйģޣҰʢȵȣˣҲ˵ȫһٶ
š
лľҵһ˲䣬˯㷢һ΢һתٴſлĻУ˯
ĳ˯΢
лǱŭ鼴̻ľҲ»ָȶ仯Լеһ˿֡
Ѿͷȶľһ
лҲظıʲô
̵Ƕʥǽ֣ʱõģмõļΪͷֹ֣ߵĸص㱻õģҾ֪αǵģǿĹֻ֪֪Ǳ͵ϮģǾҵļ鷢һ⡣
ʲô⣿л
ӦǱ˳õģ̳
лֻ΢΢һ漴Цھңܹܲõص˶ǸңʥƿصݲͣҲˣұ뿪նɱʮֵ֣һӦ
ôûסü
лһ˼·ͽһϸ˵һ飬¾Ҳֻ֪Ǳõģʥǵ˱ʹãҲ֪顣
˹ı̳ɵˡ
û뵽ųƾһķȻ˼ϣ˼ľͷǾȻʥ˵Ϊۣȡ˼һ߻ᣬͬʱҲһ㣬˴һױԴ֮ڰȴԺǣͷʸһЩףǺлһˡ
侲̣Ҳ״γ˻ҡ
˵˼ǿǵ˼ҲȻֵ֧֣ʥǵȡԼ棬Ҳ˵֮ʥǡ
δȥ
Ǹô죿Щ֪롣
л̵ı仯¸̾ˣʥǵֻ֪֮أ
Ҳûһġл
̾һǰͻȻ֪˶飬Ӱǣ˷ָƽ˼̻Ծˡ
лĿĵǾ߳ͷǰĴڣ
һϲ漴ҡҡͷţ㣬裬裬Һʸʶһ磬ûʱ䡣
Ҳδأл
ʲô취̾ϲ
л˺ܾãô裬һнʥڵڼ龾ҿɶ϶ʥڣ߲㣬ײ㣬ƵˣˣеħѪˣͳͳȥƣǲ֪ǲܹͨЩ˴һЩϢ
̵ͷ£ʥǽʼһֱѲ飬δֹͣΪ֣Ĳ㣬Ҳڼ飬һֱûѳ
Ҫ鱨㹻Уƹ̫ܵˣҪʦ֮޷ȫ˼档л΢һ£ҵܽʥǣѲһڼ飬ţܽеڼͳͳľ
ˣʵ
л΢΢һЦһǼˣ˶鱨ֱģһСħĶԾϣһ۵֣ʥǣɷֵٷ֮ʮϵĵӣ˷ֵ鱨飬ô֣ڼصҲһܱڳ
ˣԾϣһ治˽⡣̵
ǿʥǵܵˣߺߣΪĶʥָ𣿡лЦ
̵ǵڶأ


1597  Ψһʥǡ
лУһؼһΪǲڼ飬Ǿ͵ԼһУ˵עУҶ϶ڼעĽĸлǬһлǬƾʧȻעģΨоڼ飬ܽķ
ڶڵһĻϲʵУܽСлǷһ˿Ц⣬ڶаż
ԺһѿڽеռС磡
ûлץһǰıڵͷˣǸ˼ɵĺֻˡ
ռС磬ܹڼ飬ȻЩڼ鴫ݼϢɱζ֣Ȼ׼һٽռС磬˱ڿռС棬ȡ㹻ʱˡѸٵ˵ҪԸǣͷҪԸǣǿռСҲԶǵѲɣһҵҲƿռСҵǵġ
лЦҲ˵ѡаż
ע⵽лղ˵ĿռСѡаżԼġ
аżǲʲôʵ
ܴ֪ıҲ뵽ô飬Ҳҽ˼ʮһеİٷ֮ʮϵĶƶϳˡлЦ
ûѯʣֻǾ
лûв´аʺϹʥʵսľսһ򿴵Ϸ
ʲô̵ɴ۾˼顣
ܲ˼ɣԭҲò˼飬Ūл˵ƶϣаżҾͷһʣǾޣɫаʺϹʥԼаʾսǰؼʱ̣ͻȻ޵аżڣаʵʹаܣһ⣬޵Ϊʲôƽ޹ʵĳаżڣ
̵򣿡
лûǵһ㣬ȷ򣬿֣֤һ飬Ӷȷģ־֧аżռСɽĿռϹʥʧ٣֤һ㣬Ǿа֪ııϹʥʣаʣսʣħʵǣͷͬǵһ㣬аҪϹʥʣͬʱҲҪаż˿ֲĿռУ޷ҵǣ޷ƽĿռС磬Ǵ±֪ˣԲŻ޵аżʵǸһ־棬Ҫ˵ȥȻɡ
˳лƶϣҲоԽԽаʺϹʥʱаʽ֪һиϹʥʣΪ˲¶ϹʥʣϹʥʵʻᣬŻս֪ܶЩϹʥʵʲкȫʧ٣Ǹа֪һУǰ׼˱õĻᡣ
ûлͷȻƶϣʵӦǰ˾Ųʮ˻ҲӦˣʷ˱ѡУ˻ʺϹʥߣʧܱɱںĦˣӦһˮ֮ʥЩɵ
ÿµ򡣡ĵ˷ѾĻѵֻΪ˱˼𣿡
лҲĬˡ
ҲɣʵƺˣձɵֶΣŹĿ
ʱͷѹĵףлаʵÿռСȡʱ䣬ȡͷĵزȻûʵ֣ȴ˻ᣬɽĿռԶͨҲҵƽ⡣
ڿռ壬ûʲô⣬ҲûȥаżȻ֪лţӦеġ
Ȼˣѵ֪ǲǰƻ̵
л¶һ˿֮ɫûв´ĻܵаӦҲ׼ģʾ֮󣬰ܱعаżħ´У׷ȥǵǿռϵģ˵ܵƣ¾ԶͨҲʲôģΪһѭԽãȴԵĽãõĿռ᷵أһҪݻٵĻԶͨҲбɱĿܡ
ƺи⣬аʺħƺûٳɾͣһУӲܰɻ
ҲҲĵطлüܹ겻ɢܽаżռ֧棬ӶʹаżĿռﵽĵزȻŷǳɾ͵ģɹƺֻлɾͷǷǰء
Ҳ˳˼С
ó⣬ôһƶϾͽ˳Ҳ˵ͨƶ׼ȷĿҲǰ˾Ųʮ
֪ˣһ
лʵ뵽ʲôˣ
飡̼ص
飿лȻ
صͷû˭ģ
ȻϹʥʵˣлȻ̵ĻԶͨµģͨɵģµϾģʦδܹо͸ϹʥʵȴԣôӾʵŮʣųչˣôҲ⣬ȻϹʥʱѾƾŮ̳츳ҲȻʵͨռȻаϹʥʱϹʥʽаʣаżڣǸҪõ˫ʴеӦþʵ꣡
̼صʵ꣬ôʱ䣬ȻаżڸĸʥǰǨȥȻܹ޷ҵҵҲԴƣԿԸӮ㹻ʱ䣬ľ磬ӶΪʥӮûȥĻᣡ
ûлЦһƴ̷¡ϣǾϣһڶһ޶ʥǣɾʥǣ
ž
һӾ˯塣
ɵӣһۿһл̣ɵŴͣҪһС
Ѿͷ׼Զʳһһѽȥ
һʱ䣬ٶŮҪѪڵ
һжŮս˽һҹ
ȥĺ˸㣬һɽ飬
֮ˬ߳˹壬ȻΪ˷ľٶͻƼϽչ״̬ͨԲµһȻ뿪ˣعʥǣʼȫ̸Ӧ飬ͬʱܵɼ˺ѩؼ϶ԾܻعʥǣҲֻл̺֪ʥĵԱ֪ԾϵʦѪӡ֮ǰһսعľŽսԾֵεĸʮ˸аżлƶϳƿаżڿռǢȫж
лֻ
ӦĹע֤ԭĽɫӵķǰﵽܹͷԱĵز
ȥ죬жսع㴫ϢѾ֤аż˫ʴеģʵ꣬һӽл֮ǰȫƶϽȫ֤


1598  ͸ʥ
ӣлһֱھУ𲽵˽սһŬţӰ˽սʵ˽ս۷弶֮߱࣬ҪԽҲô򵥵飬ŽսʵĬȺһս֮лĬȺǾŽսĶʵֻһ·
ǹúܿ졣
һαչأʮȥˡ
ʥֵĺ֮ǰ׼ҲˣԼ굺̸ģл׼ǰ
أʥǴϢ
عʥǵˣƹ鱨֮󣬾Ȼڶ̶ʮھͲһڼ飬ڼݱ֮лҧԼͷȻɡ
̵ĸף
õ𰸣лֻһң˵ȥʼȫ渺鱨Ծͬս֮飬˾ȫͷųˣƾǻִۣ֣ԿԽڼ鶼ģҿʼ𲽷ʥǵǱ
ɵԵʣûǰлͬС
ͬлǰ굺Ҳǹ޼ĴŽսʣʥľеŽսʣԼΪ׵һЩӢţңҲϷ˶Ҫ
лȻҪЮˣȴ֪Ҫʿɶֹһŭ˷ˣҶԼΣҲҶ̣֮ΣԸҶˣ繫޼ʥľ峤κȵֵģù޵˱֤Ҳһ档
һ֮굺
굺λϺλãͨ򣬼һľ롣
л֮Ѿڴˣһټ˴κʥˣȫȻǵĶһĸֲδлЦѣʥ˵˻Գݡ
һǵ䶯죬ͬٶ˵
˫ʶлһԸоǷ棬ʥ˵˿Ƕһ˿η壬ʿ֪л˷ˣնɱ֣ʮˣаɱ֣פص飬Ѿ崫˼磬𺳸Ǵʥľͬʱټǿֲ壬㹻ƾһݻκһĵز
ԴˣлҲΪ⣬Ҫǣ֮٣ƾʥ֮磬ӦüһĪ⣬Ѿ͹ڼĵħ磬뵽櫣Цѣľʹ˷䣿ʥҪ֮Ψлܴȥ
񣬵һ˼Ѿ᲻Ȥ
ٺüסлȻʩչʥеɽΪ֮Ӣ˵ķ䡣
Ϊʥ˴ɽˣӢ˵ĵλ൱ߵģڵķΧԼڣɽ
лӢڵȴ
Ӣ˼л١Ӣվ
ӢˣŮʮ꣬ˣ⣬Ǵ⼫֮壬Ϊƿɽڼƿɽ֮ѡУΪӢˣҴӴֻ֮׼ӢˣΪɽ֮һ⣬˷ֹʶݡ
òϵȣһӢ֮ϲһϮɫװյ˿һۣȻ嶯ѡ
šлȻӦһҲɣЩҪ㡣
Ӣл£͵͵Ĵλ꣬ĲɵȻЩţɽδй顣
ɽǷѾշл
һӢͷһȻѹѸٵƽشǰշ
лû˵
Ӣ˱ԭΪƾ輫һƿһ˵ķƿɽݵλʵϵĸ֣ǣ˴ҲûȥѰɽҶҵļ䣬ϾȻƿأɻҪҶҵģҪȫϣҲǸ㹻أû뵽ҶҾȻһЩǼռڣȻһרƺͰѿƵһЩɽµģҸɽӶǰĶҶұڼδ֮£жͼǵĿƣڱϼʱ֣ļ䣬֪һУ뿪ɽǰҶҵİж˻Դǰշɽж
֮ǰлӰ滪е֪ʵĻʥض֪ʱ²⵽δƿɽڿˡ
ɽױƿأҲˡ
ɽʥڣһӣ߽ʥˣƿʥ˶һᣬֻҪ\ԨҲƿأ˴ϣһᣬʥˡ
˵ɣɽʲô֡л
ɽſռڣɽµһ󷨣ܹԪʱ䣬ѾγһĴڣܹٶȴﵽǳ˵ĵزѾƿأɽǧ׸߶ȵĵطһпյĿռ䣬һ֧ɽ࣬ʮˣȫǾŽսʣһֶΣܹսʱǿսﵽŽս۷弶ܹʮսʿ⣬һʩչʤΣһ֮󣬱ɣҲɽĵơӢ˵
лǰһ˵ƣϼɽ԰ƿʥˡ
ӢŵĵһжɵĽС¶֮ɫԴлʮǰϾ߷ˣնɱʮ֣֣дɱ֣פأش֣ʵʥ˱ʵı仯
лʾ˵ȥ
ԭʥΪĳ֣һЩϹǿļ룬ʶΣΪ˻òɱ˴˼ȴ൱ľ룬ĵ֣ΪʵܣԶܹгһգƾһ֮ɾ˼֮λԴʥһչʵǴʥľһӽʥ˵ĹϵŽʱ˿̣ʥصĵĶﰵн棬γˣ˴ĺءӢܵ˵ֻҪܹĺʥԼϣɽȻܹƿʥˡ
ڣ𣿡лָ
Ӣüã˵꣬аտʥ˰ٷ֮ʮ
ã㹻ˣл˷һ
û͸¶\Ԩ顣
\ԨΣҲԱ֤Ͼ\ԨʥŮĸоһص㣬ҰĲ
ŮҰ̫󣬺ȫķģüֶΣ䳹׵ƿأֶеһЩŤתһ룬лıӲʥΣڵϦﻹȥƶŮ˽飬ֻҪѾãǱ㶯ü
лıú
б\ԨìأȨΪаıչأƿȨٶǸҪս\Ԩʱˡ
ֻҪƿ\Ԩɽжаʥأ칬ڻ¡
ʮ㡣
ðɣڿԸңʵô¡лĵ顣
Ӣ˵ʵкĦµľܣ


1599  һ
ںʵлй뷨ڻ֪˻ʣϹʥʺǱѡУҪһ㣬Ϊǣͷʱл뵽˺Ħˣһ涼ҪѵĦ˾ûѡУ
ںʵһжϸ˵һ顣л
Ӣһ˼·˵ʥܹ֮ףʥصĽڳΪս֮ǰѾʶҹϵһ̽أ˺ĦһϵضĶᣬǰᣬϹʱ壬ʥصгɣһʥصģ˵ǺĦѼضѻġ
֮⣬Ħ˻һˮǸˮڼ˺Ħ˵һЩ飬ؼǣ˵ΪŽս۷弶ʱһԴƺҪ꣬ҲΪԵʣĦȻԸⱻ˿ƣ̼һԾͻƾŽսʣʮսʣǡһ֪Ȼڴﵽʮս֮ľעУԴǵصĿ

ǱȻǹȻƺĦˣֻûܳɹлɣѵԴʮ֮뵽İ취ֻ𣬽Щ֮ǣǣͷûбİ취
ɲô˵Ħ˻͸¶һ⡣
Ǿ˻ʹֶο꣡
˵ǾںܾǰһܽƵԼлеһ˿⣬ǰܹǿͷųôأܹͷų˵ʵͲܵƣڼװأ
һȷҪǣͷˣȻǲˣĦ˵ľĲ޲֤Щ
ôأ
л뵽ԼڻδʮսʣǷҲܵأ˵ѾˣӦûУƱ귽ƿأҵھҪҵĻȻᱻҸӦģҲ˵ڿʼҪʱСģǿܻᰵҵֽţ֪ͬȡ׵ľһ㡣
أлʵ
Ӣ˵֮󣬺Ħ˱оΣʼоָҵˮ֮ʥںʵһвͻʮսʼȻ뿪˼磬ȥû˵˶Ǹݻɡ
ʲôɣл
˵ǸӦúԶʥĳϵӢ˵
Զʥйأ
л룬ƺܹѹԶͨĺֻԶʥʣͷӡĵħͷǶԶͨҪѷɫһߵġ
ţ֪ˣǷн뺣ʵİ취лʵ
УǺʵףȻǾŰԿף˴ǰν־ǹԿ׵⣬ΪмԿδ֣ҪȥѰҡӢ˵Ŷˣ˴Ҫҽлٵġ˵Żóᡣ
лӹᣬɨһۣʱ۷Ź⡣
ᣬһһȻǴ˵з֮
֮ѾԽļޣǺųƷǿħǰҲ޷༫ء
ɽڵõĺĦµ౦УõĹģ˴˵лҪ߳һԼ·㽫֮л١Ӣ˵
лᣬ鼤
֮ǰʥ߹Ҫ߳Լ·ʥٽݾǲеģܵʥӰ죬ܹõȡ̣зѾȫ߱
лӢ˽һ¹ɽľ뿪
عԼס˲ǰţͻƾǰſʼо
ʥͷͳͳóڷϣлųһһµ״̬Уļ˼άʼ÷ǳһжޱȵ
Ķ棬ĸоУл·ͻȻ֮ޱȿ·Ԫ
ɽлȴҡҡͷִ״̬˳
ôˣ岻
лЦ״̬ﲻҪ󡣡
ﲻҪ󣿡Ծĵ־磬Ӧһ۷״̬ɣڴżġ
§ʱȴܹԽ״̬лЦ
ָԼıӣһʱ˵
лЦŽ뻳Уͷ㴽ϣӵǵܰ㣬ǿٶȳ
ؼһж·˱仯
ƺﲻһ䣬һĿռ䣬һƬޣǰƽᣬֻɨһۣݱлԺп¼һ㣬ʼȡеľ֮
лһָо״̬ÿÿֶںʱ״̬ܹľ˼άﵽһַǳ˵ĵز
ӵŵҲһЩĸо
֪ΪʲôлӵţĽƽľٶ֪жٴΣûйָо֪ΪʲôʼնǷȱľʼ״̬
һֱľ޷ﵽһҪԭǾ巢лߵŮˣóһǶܹлģ϶ոãõ֮ҲǷ˾޴ı仯Խ࣬Ψƺֻһ׸
뷨оԼһ׸ػѹˣͳΪ谭ľ⡣
ԴϴϾл֮лӵԼ״̬ﵽһ˼ĸ߶ȣǻѹѾõ㿪ʼеĻ⣬˷лĿܹͨﵽ߶ȣǷԼ׸ָоԽԽǿңľʼ
ľ֮ųһĨ͹Ρ
·ˮӣо㣬ںڵ㷢޷ԶƮţ˺ƶҪںһ
ںлҲоһӷ·ϵ˺һ״̬С
İϵлԺ˸š
ʥ䳬ŵǶĴŵĴܹļĴﵽ⵶ǹĵزŵǹĴ
ȡ侫ںΨһʥ򣬼л򣬱Ϊһ壬ɾ
νĿһǽƵĴﵽͬһĵزܹսУƾֿȡʤΣлһĿǼЧ
ʴﵽǳĵزԪ϶ȸ󣬶ٶȵİҲǷǳ˵ġ
ְҲϵǰ˸ţصһ𣬾ͬɵҶһڼصĲɲǷĹ̡
·ĿռУлһһȡ˴ں


1600  
ɽл˶ޱȿ飬Ҳڷ΢ı仯ŶҲЩǣƺ˱ģл仯ȻҲıʡ
ʥࡣ
ʱ˿̵лļʥḶ́Ȼ㿪ʼһδḶ́·εȼţʼӼ͵Ĺɱš
ڴ
ۼĴһֱʥлʱ״ȥշͷ֣ɱ󣬷·һ˿˿ĵ⣬׵ڲϵؽ˵֮ǰĹѾ൱εĴȴ֣Ȼžž죬֮ǰĴ֮źܴġ

Ƥܴڴﵽսʼϵĸ˵ԵĶģǿƤ˼࣬Ǿֱģ˿̰ķл̣ƺһգ˸źͮͮĹâʱлð
л·һãͬʱת
ǳ̬£лҲܹﵽһĶãǲ֪Ϊʲô徹ȻľﵽǷ߶ȣޱȿĵز˵һãһãƺڻ¡
š
΢
л㿪ʼϵںľ֮ν˵ףǾǶһֻ֣ڣǶģǶڵģлں϶ֶΪһֵľ飬ںϸࡣ
ţȻֻͨЧͨ׵緽ܴЧлںϹУ˵ף˴˶ЩƣֻԲͬҲвͬ㣬Ҫʲôķʽ
Ψʥɽκ壬һ㿴ʥʺƹġ
л˼ٵת⼸ӭж⣬Ͼ˵ף˴˼еưȭǰʽ̥ڰȭģֻвͬˣԵҲͬѡ
ǻ𣬱ףлĿⲻǽе档
ǲ׻
ֻǻֻΣ
׻׻Ǿ׵ȫ׵ṩ㹻Ļģ뵽ϵһĽɫ滹һȼš
ɫ缰壬㽫ں϶ɵһȫš
̼䣬лƣڸ˸һĽɫâǽɫṩĻ
һ׵
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ûͣЪ׻Լںϵȫд塣
Ҳ֪ģȻҲ׻ֻ֮΢ѷɫһ㡣
һϵʱȥˡ
峿лֹͣȻ֣ԼսȻһ൱̶ȵ
һҰĲӵļޱȣԪٶȸˡлܵĵ֮ǰöŵռ䣬ٶޱȣڽɫ˯У޷ʹãҵٶȻָ״̬ͨȫµٶȽٶڴ˹д壬һãûأţͽаɣ
뵽лһ˷ܡ
ͬʱģ֮ǰʱ䣬ȻҲǿԪΪģٶڸûȵġ
ѽ
˼Ƿƹȫεʥ֮˵ʱһд˼·
ֻ弤ĿСɫǣ⣬ô£ҵΪôһҹ֮˽һ
սʣһҪﵽս۷弶ҪĽսʵľˡ
Ҳ֡лһѽ屧㣬ҷʷǳ˵ҵľ㻶ãӰҵľҲľ״̬ﵽһֳԽ۷ĵزȻҲҵУԣҪϸһ£ʲôͬ
˵Żڴϣͽ˸⣬ϸ⣬£оУԼ·Ҳ֪ľûˣ˾һоǽһ̬ȡ
ֱ磬˲ֹͣо˴˵幹졣
лҲе㷢֣ƺеƴ˵еĸ֮壬ν֮岻ʲô긽壬ܹκʣκгɵ֮˴һֻҪ˼ܶаʵˣܹһʺϵˣҪԼܹʵûûҹͻͽС
ֻǸ֮壬Ҳл˵Σȴ֪
֣滹δˣ̸ֻϺ󣬼ȴ֣Ҳ⣬Ͼʮ˱лʥնɱа˹פأɵ˺ǷǳģҲܹġ
лҲ˼ƽϣ㰲
ʮ죬лںϵİʮ죬ҹݣڴﵽս֮󣬳Ժȶǰ㣬һ̲Ϣȫ¿ޡ
ʮʱ䣬лȻоʥɹȻ˰˽սʵһĸ߶ȡ
սһ
ΪĿɿڴԭֻͨսʣֻлȻֱӿĽս۷弶ľ磬ҲлȷǴ˵еĸ֮塣
Լֹ̥
ҪӸ֮İľﵽ״̬ſԣȻô꣬ˡ
˰ɣӢ˴Ϣ֣ձ㵽ȥѯһ\Ԩ顣л˵
Щˬĵôʲô죬Ҿսˡ
㲻Ҫ֪Ŷٶ֮죬ѾۺˡлЦ
ĲǸ죬˽սʵһܹŽսʡ˵
ҡҡͷл˵ûô򵥣֮˿٣ǽͷŵĽɫŽսʣģܹұٶȴﵽ˽ս۷弶ҪȥǽɫԽԽġЦֻҪҵ취ϵش߻׽ףôͷųĽɫͻԽԽҵٶȾܹʼձ״̬
һ԰˵ĻٶȱʼմڳѸٵĹУôͷ־ʱˡ
ûлǷһ˿Ц⣬Ҳĵƣ˭뵽һİϽ׵ܹ˴İأֻҪܹϵش߻׽ףͷųֳܹٶȵΪô߾ʱ̣ʽȱʱʱǡǡһС
ŶЦ
лʲô
һۣȻˣֻҪҸţһĶãôҲܹʱţܸɱģȥ֮ġվлĸ첲԰Ʋңڿʼҿɰˣܿʵ
ܲŮĴЦ
лһҲԣ飬Ҳ֪ν񣬼Ȼܹץһʱ䣬α˷أ
ӵ壬˺Ȼľͽ״̬УɵһĶõĵز
Уŷֳһ˿սЯ壬лʩչǰȥ\ԨʥŮķ䡣


1601  һ
\ԨΪʥ˵һӣʥ˴Ȩ֣˷ǰĸ\ԨʥŮΪ׵һ\ԨȨĴǲҪд˴ε̸Ҫǰ̸ףҪ˴Ҫһ£ΪԺʥ˸ʥ֮к׼
лʩչĶͨ
ܹ֣ķֻһ˴ţûˣӵð
˭Ӧ
ҡл
ŷлһϲɿле壬ʱɫ΢䣬ֻǵȻһЦȻһοռ䣬硣
˱Զ
Ҳˡ
ѽҵֻһ֮ҶȤܴءЦΪǸ֮壬ҪлԼʵ𣿡
ĸ׵գ˵´½Ϊϡеϣ˵ĸҿ½Ψһա
ҡҡͷǺԼĵġ
͡
˱ûʲôˣֻһɺϰˡ
һ̣ؿлļͷųһ˶ÿлĻУ·һУȻľһ
ʱŷ֣лľ״̬һַǳĵزҪȫȫޣҲʮѵһδﵽĵزѵ״̬
֣Ǹ֮塣лЦ
û
Ծһ㶣ɵĿ壬ɫŹ֣ȻֿлΪʲôҪң
ΪʲôأлЦ
գգۣò̾Ϣô˵ǳԶˡ
ԣٺ٣ڴ𣿡лЦЩ
ڣ㻹ռұˡһ壬ƺһ֪֪ȫĵʵ̣ҲۼУճսʾأΣ˵ʲôҲȥֻһ˼ɾͣΪл׸
лӵ壬Ŀ֮ҾûбҪٴˣ̹˵ɡ

³һ·˶࣬ԳĵǰǸ̹ˡһ£ǰ㷢ĵĵҰĺܴ󣬿˵ҰĲҪȡ\ԨĿȨȻʥǺʥһͳ˼磬ȻٷʥȨ
أл
о۰̲סɨһ壬ںȻ֣ҺܼС㱻δҲ˷ŬģҲ\ԨСϣ縺ǵδʮʱ䣬ҳǽǴҵҪƿ\Ԩ˼룬ΪҸ˶ʮ£ɵͷأȻǰŮʥŮ֮λֻһ裬ҽڷ񣬸ӵִȨᣬֱͷлɬĵֱֳΪ֣˼縲𼸺ɱ⣬ҺȻ֣Щʲôأʤˣһ
лԣ̾һҰģֻ֣ʱԶԶã\Ԩδƿأ̸ԿŷµҰģĴ¡
Ҳףһ˴㱻˼룬һӾͷģҪһѭ򽥽Ĺ̡
Ҫ£õİ취ʶˣ֪Լ֧Ұģϳ׵ط
Ҫôһˣл˵̫ˡ
һӡ
˵¾ʮҲĶ֡
ܹڵ״̬л˵һᣬܹģΪʥЧĻᡣ
ãƾʥǵܷ翹⣿лʼΪ׷ҰĶŬ
ЦôܶԿ˵һ֮ôǿ󣬵ʥǴ˼磬ֻܴﵽʮսʣע޷翹ġ
ȴоԵģܹ֮£֤ʥǵֻһʱ䣬ɷ硣лЦеĵ
𣿲񣡡ֱ˽ۣ˵˳ɾͷ棬㽫ܹͷȴûʱȥʥǵ飬ƶʥǵδչȵȼƻ
ʼ磬лЦȻңΪܹճɾͷǰľ磬Ҹûʱģƿʥǵ
½һŮ
лͷ
Ψһɵˡл֪ܹõ˹ϵǻ纣ıһģΨ£Ϊµĳɾʵ̫ˣǸʥأδӡ֮ǰͶԴŷǳ˽ģøƸܹҰġ
¼ɵһЩԣڸ¼ɵ飬ںܶǰдţֻû̫ȥע⣬Ͼʱ۽ޣֻ\Ԩ޷򿪾棬ȥע˼ּıһ½һ
лЦȵƿ\Ԩҽȥ
ɫ΢䣬ԭǵҰĲҵҰģҳ׵ķһЩʵʵ뷨
ǣл֪Ĵӹɵġ
ôֱףУ𵽷ãޱ˵
Цһл㲻ģȻǰܵصĴŻ֪Ұȴûǰ
ԣɫ䡣
˵ֱӶһӡ
Ҫң˵ңǶһЩøУ㶯Լˣ˵㻹лᷴ𣿡л֪º͵ıֲܶж壬ǿӲʱҪǿӲ
лã¶һĨЦ
лƾлʵڵǩԼԼǿ\Ԩ綼û
ðɣƿ\Ԩ֮ұ㽻Ȩǰȥʥǣܿϡ
ǷִʥڣյȨ\Ԩٱл
֪лǶȨΪ֪ǵԼĴȴ˲㷴ͷ룬ԼЩ
ԸԼǻۣԼ츳лĳɾͣгһձȻܹﵽͷļⷽ棬ȱ˸äĿţԼ֪ΪʲôһлﵽͷǸ\ԨʥǿлҲɾּٵ\ԨģʶЩйǱûȨȤЩȱʧ
ԺҪǰ֤Լֹ
лֻǵͷ
ɲ仰һ˳ģҰģҪչԼǻۣԿʱ򣬲ŷ
һΪʥıôĲҲ˿ѷɫԾϵģԾϡɵʥţϣڸ֮£ȥҷΪʤġ
һֱлصģҪĳҲڴΪʥǵδıֻҪ㹻ǻۣ㹻㹻ʱ䣬һнпܡ
лһתع\Ԩ棬\ԨǸ˵˵ҪֱӲǡ


1602  
˲һһתһ룬ʥǵĿһʥصʱֱֻлӲǱȷ˵Ļ̻ȥȻĨɱʮ֣֡
һ̣ŷлĺ
ԴʶлĸоǺƽ͵ģԣҲСģĶûжٿֲɱ¾˷ּɱʮ֣ǰ֮ɱ֣פأ֣֪лĿֲ
ͻȻЩԼлһ˿øУûж֣Ҹøһ
뵽лĹϵֻǱ˴еøеĲɵȻһֳĶĸоŷ֣ԭлͿ¼ˣֻһֱѹŰˡ
ǲˣĻױ¶\ԨʥǵĹϵǲ¶Ļƿ\Ԩܹͼıܹƿʥˡ˵
лƿ\Ԩаƿʥ𣿡
ܹھƿ\Ԩа˳ɵİգֻϧ\Ԩûƿأʱ\ԨȨʧܵľء
˳ɰգ
Ӣ˵߳ɻҪ࣬Ҫ֪Ӣ˿мҲõġ
ֻʼվ\Ԩ޷ʼдɾ͵ԭ֮һ
\ԨƺСϵ۸ӣѸ
\ԨľΣϸ˵л˵
\Ԩһ֮ǰʼµģһ˴ȨǴƿؼٷ֮ʮԶʼմڱ棬Դҵõһֳ֧֣ΪʥŮҪֻ˴ԵڵѾжȨĻᣬʵ轵Ծʤγµ㶦ƣңҺͶˣǾǲµ˭£˭ռƵġ˵û뵽׼ʱ䣬Ȼ̬ʼҡڲҲһֱպôϵ磬Ȼһ֮ڣͻ磬иʵҪɾ\Ԩǿ̬
ֻʵ
л°ֹͣòҪƾʵﵽʮսʣӶƿ\Ԩɣ
츳Σл
츳ƽƽٱȶģȻ׷˶ʱ򣬱ֳͻƵļʲô˾ޱ䣬߱˳ʮսʵʸ\ԨǿҲ޷һŽս۷弶ڻδأҲδ̬֧˭ΪʮսʣǿԽƿ\Ԩü𣬡оǴҲΪͻͽоҷڴƺһص֧֣ڲϵİ£͸\Ԩʹϵǿٶѹǵļ󡣡
лص
ǹڻûȷǸּƺǡ
ʲôл
쳽
ΪѪлһ쳽֣͸оЩ鷳ˡ
쳽ǫһ˻սżеıսʾǺųսǿģȻǫܹõżô쳽Ȼзٵĳɳ쳽йԶ׼ǿܵõˡ
ֻлпǣעǫΪˣ
õսżһЩ쳽ȻʵҪ൱Ѷȡ
ΣҴ\ԨǰԼԸġ
лҲף\Ԩֵؼʱ̣ȻԸ뿪\ԨǺͶһԿˣҲһ㣬\ԨĴôõġ
ҪǰģȴҪǰȻϵĽбչأʹұǰһֺܲĸо
ôˣл
֮ǰ͵õһ鱨ʾ൱һ˽פ\Ԩܶ뿪֮ҵͶͿûôĬ˴˼Ҳûжζȣһһһƿ\Ԩġ΢һ£оǣҸоЩǰ˵УпܻжҲˡ
˵Ҫд㣿л
Ժܴɱ쳽пһƿ\ԨɫЩѿĵ
лû뵽\ԨȻǿȻ㵽ڣһļѹԼȫԴѹ˵\Ԩǳڣڷǳ˲Ű
\Ԩľ棬ôأ
ƿصɽҪƿʥˣȻϣʱ»ģܹ\ԨϵĻоԵİˣʱ䷽̺ܶ౶ġ
ʥлҪȡĿ꣬ϣ
֣лҪĶ̫ǿһŽҪԴʱһߣл򵥵Ĳԡ
ÿһڶܹؼ
л˼Уɵһ󶶶ĿӺ̽ȴܹ
ƺҪɱˡлЦ
ɫ΢䣬лڣǺΣգ֤뷨ǾǴҪжˣҪ\Ԩȫƿصжʼˡ
л˫Це˼ȻһֻܹǱеħħ󡣡˵䣬ĿԼ׵λá
֪Σգǲı塣
ٻеŵģȻҪ֣ȻǶʵǳֲǿߣͨսʡ
лԼࡣ
л࣬Ҳле壬ô񵭣ȥ˼˴ɱڳһ˿ʣȻҲҪǰĿлУٲȥκͷ뷨һðЩ㵣ҰأȻбˡ
Ұģ
һ뵽Ұģɵ뵽֣һ\Ԩû£̸ѹܹ\Ԩ
ž
ʱһ춯µν統ѡ
űлĿڵλãһ΢ĲһһͻأĴð
ħл˵ħһǱħޣۼʵȴһ㣬ֻܴﵽսʵĵزɶڴɱ˵ȴ÷ǳ֮ġ
ˣһ֣ѿڶΣ
ӵðĵθ֣Ϳлʱɫһ䣬תҪߣлɱ˽սʵ飬֪ĺд̡
ž
лָһһָǰڵǱеħ󣬵ħĻʹȥ
ûħ󣬵θ޷ǱС
ηӦҲǳ죬ת򴰻ȥ
ܵ𣿡лſ壬Ȱڵεǰסȥ·
ٶȾ͵Ϊ֮ȻЩŵĿлιȥģ˾Ȼ֪лԱߣȻ֪֪лʵѾǿ޷󼰵ĵز


1603  һ峤һ
ȥ·´󼱣ɱ飬ǲܱ¶ģһȥ\Ԩȡʥ˵ĻȨܲģϾһڲҵزʥأóΪʥЧֵûɣӶĴʥִѹǺпܵģڴʱ򣬾͸Բִ顣
ۼлȥ·ηһݺݵش̳ȥ
һ̳лﲻЦһ׺ݣʵһûȫлܹоȻǶԻɱ뷨ģһԼˣһȻǴġ
뵽ʵһ壬˳׷ҰģΪʥЧл㲻
ǿƳ
Ĵָʳָ̽žһлָסǵ񽣵Ľλá
ɢķлûκв
лĸʱڵģлػʥѾﵽǳĵز͹ĴʹܹĹˡ
δȫĵһлȻд󣬲ɵðϲȫҪ񽣲ӿҪлָնϡ
ߣ
лһս߶
߱붷սͱȵεĶ࣬ʤ߱һ߶ǵεĶͬѩˮ޵ֿ񽣾ҵĲľȻжѵļ
ſ£лһ
ǿθе·һɽѹͬһƬҶлӲѹȵ˵ڵϡ
лһŲڵεı
ּܰ˽սʵĵΣһĻٶʶлĿ£ʹʥʱ˾绹൱أлѾԶԶ󣬼Ҳټˣ̫ˡ
ܹͷǣлԺжǿ
˵ǻ纣츳ѵˣһлԼҰҲ޷ʵ֣ƾĸʵܽԼഴһжٵġ
Ұģ
ŵſŵĵΣ·𿴵˴ƺһҪΪԼǶԿγأ
㱼䣬һ˿ִٶ֡
\Ԩʲôݣл
Ǵĸ֮һдܣ\ԨŽսǳ٣ܹˣһŽս۷弶ȫǳŽսʵľ磬ԾŽսʵλʶߣ˽սʾߵսǴε֮֮һпǴ߸߽սʵʵƿߣٴ˷ǰĴƿصУġ
˵ָӣжлЦеĵ
ܱãܴʴֻǡŵΣҡҡͷɲŵλͶ
л̧һ̤
ǿҲʹȥл漴һرʧӰ١
ٶ㵲ѣ鲻Խѯʲôȥˣ
֪شĺܸɴࡣ
ûȶãҲӲ
лٶȳڷڣ߻һȥʮŮӣԿʼˡ
ŮӵְڵεԺ󣬿дʣܿһɭĺɫֱûε档
ȻͿε꾹Ȼ壬¶ʹ֮ɫԾ޷ǵĺɫâԾû˵εڣ֮ںϡ
л٣ɹˡŮӵ
šлһŵΣԵĵα˹
һѣξߣŮһ£

βҽһȹء
Ѿʹط꣬ڿʼ㶼һ֮䣬ҪҪҲҲˡŮ˵
ЩŵĵŷŮһ߱ȫֻܵһ˿С
˵βľ¡
ҪҲ˵ƫƫɱҪŮӵſԣǳ׵ˣŮǰƨҷš
ڿʼ͸ɡл˵
ŮӹӦ
ŮлȥӢѡģ嶼һ˿һԲŻᱻл뵽ƵΡ
ò˼ٱѾɣͰıһòɡлЦ
ڵεıơ
ԭޱȼѵ⣬Ȼлôˣл֣Ÿолظʮ㣬˽ȥܼ򵥵лʵϺܲ򵥡
ɵʩչֶΣŮӵò˸ı䡣
αƣôԸӦúúüƻһˡлЦ˵
ؿлٿվԼԵŮӣٿͷɥĵΣԭӴҰĵͻȻЦ
ҰҪʵġ
ûʵҰģֻͽЦ̸ˣʥǵǰǾǸЦܹʥǿʥǷͥ۵ݺ
˰ɣ
һº͵
촦Ƿһֱ˵ִҲٿȻɢ˶еޱȵ
ΪҰģΪִʼ޷ľҲȻڻͨ
һ˿ĸоڼһ㡣
һֿʴɢ
忴ĿɵԲŵĿص㣬㣬ҲǸ֮壡
仯лҲеĿɿڴ
֮屾ѾǷǳĴڣһ˾ˣû뵽Ȼֵڶ
ԵǲǳлЦˣȻи֮壬һܹľľҰĲΨг״ҰģſľҲ˵ڵˣȫεġ
Ц֮壬֮ڣԸεˣܹ˵Լǣ֮˴һܹ˴˻ٶһǳĸ߶ȣұ˴ϣܹﵽͨĵزԸһͬ
ðҼǵ˵֮˴һǾʥ֮壬ɾͷǷܹմﵽܹͨﵽһͷľءͬܲѣֻһ֮ǺգǶи֮壬Եֺء
Ů˷ܵߴߴ˵
ʱû֮ǰĻģˡ
лҲΪǸˣȻ˵츳ҪѷɫһЩͬΪ֮壬пܴһС漣һЩ֮Ĵ˵˵ġ
Ůĸ࣬ллȥϾлߣ֪飬ڻ׷ֿΨеȵ굺֮ϣܹ尵ϣع\Ԩġ
ҲԿƵε飬һϵеԵİţǲ˵
عסҲ״ԺҪ֣ȻлֿлƵ˴ϡ


1604  һ峤
һҹ顣
սӽʱʱ˲𴲡
֣ˣ֣δ˷֣ǰһոս峤֮λ峤С
ԻдˣлǺ֮ǡ
뵱аż˿νǷѾĻþֶҪɱҪʥǵʱͳͳնɱлаżڵĿռŰΣҪ׷ɱУ룬Ȼˡ
벻ٴμ棬Ѿӹһ壬Ϊ峤ˡ
Żеĵ̸Ҳչ
굺֮еҪĿģҲҪʼˡ
л߳䣬ǰ䶯죬ʥ˵˶ˣҶڵȺš
ԶԶıɿһٶ˺ƺƵķ
л֣λ峤ƺгɼ䶯Ƴһ峤ԶɱĶл㿪˵
лһЦֻСˡ
䶯ʥ˵һһƲ죬ȴ޷༥Ȼǿһܲһ㣬ʵǿΨлǰȴǡǡ෴Ǳлһ򣬼˽ǣʧء
ڻУлȷЩ
ûֳɴߵؽǼעѳɴ¡
л˫ֵȻԵãȫûнٶһĸַǰ̬Ǻʥ˵˿ˣҲ֣˷һɫһ־Ǳлһ̬ȣǼźģлȴ⣬Ƕһӡ
ٶֺܿء
Ϊ׵峤ĿɭĺâĶлǺʥ˵˼״Ȼˡ
ֵÿлͻзͻ
лпǰһϺȻһ棬ͬһȼյսһ˫۾ڸһţ񱩵Ƽͬɽӿлѹȹȥ
һ棬ǽŵ̬
л˫ֵȻԵã˿ܻƵѹȣԸӵ̬ŻУаżܵĵͦ죬Լ˵βˣҪһս
ӵ̬лðɡ
ϾһУһʧ֣֣פҲһפأ͵Ϯʧأ峤жлǺ裬ȸһлû
ֱлἰаżĲҰܾûŭɶ
л㲻Ҫ˵̫ˣǷҪ󲻵ó˵Ĵսҷ˽ʥΪƽˡ
𣿡лƲƲ죬һš
ЦŲţνҸ㣬ڿʼŽһֹ׷ɱɣֱΪֹ
º͵лȻһ䡣
˵лǰº͵ůڶůĸоôھǶǵĺ磬ܹ˵Ĺͷȥ
лĿ侫罣һѹķ˶鲻ԽĵţŻУһ˿ЦУŲžƾ仰ھͽɱ
㲻ҡбѹȵĺѣ·һѹͷ˵ܣڲ֪ĬȺʵлʵѾǻܹ󼰵ˣԾǿӲĻش
ңûлҵ顣л˵ǰһ
أ
𶯣ǿսͿлµĵѼһѷӳȥ
ǰһѹȵĻҲһ
ڻߵ˼״ʱʣҪ
ʥǷҲʾ
˫
һѾ˭ΥϵսһΪУѵ𣿡олɭɱ⣬һ˿¡
ͣ
лЦһ·ڿһɵϣУҺ֣ôһ峤ģ㲻ӣ֣ʮôģһôûģΪ˵ľ𣿡
ɫѿ
ҲҡлճڣͿл̸˳ȥץĲӡ
Ķˡ
˶е⣬˭Ҳû뵽лĲɵ˵ľ棬Ȼ
һ˴ǰҲŽսʸ棬𱣻еİȫл֣˱㼱ٵǰһ̳
ʥǵľŽսʼ״Ҳ
лһĳ
žž
ƾǾԵֻս߶ƾһ˫ƶԿǷ񽣡
񽣵л𿪡
лҲ֮ٶץȥмæȭͷȥлȭͷȥһ¾ͽеĸ첲ķǰɡ漴ȭͷſءһ±ץס˻еĲӡ
ͬʱʥŽսʽлһŽսʵ񽣹Ȼǰͬ٣һ±㽫˱ʮס
лоս߶ɱеһŲھɱ㡣
仯󳬳Ǻʥ˷Ԥ֮⡣
Ϊ˴̸ķߣʥ˱ǵʱܸ˵æ߳Χл֣л֣һЩЦαص棬˴ǿҪ̸ʱȰҵϣ˰ɡ
ã㣬´Σɱ⣡лֽи˳ȥ
ڶȴл裬ʹȥҪɿʥǵҲֻǿ͡
æʥдаʥصҶʹɫȥнһ̨£ϾǴ˴ξۼзǳҪҪеġ
λȻˣǾͿʼɣߣȥ顣˽
ڴ˴ε飬Ҷףؼǣν뺣ʵҪʥ˸Ľ͡
һתʹ
Щ˴ĸȻý룬档
л
Ҫ̤ʱ򣬶ȻһӸ߿մ
һĺХ𣬷ǳĴ̶·һ㣬лٵתȥ
ֻһ֧ת
лһ۱㿴ǰһţԭҪ̸ıԣ̽ץȥ
أ
ץס֧
лĶͨʼտţ֮ˣȻڱһϢȻûѰϵļʱ׹֮ˣüԼĺȻѸ뿪ĳطʹ
㽫ңΪʥ˷ѾѲȥˣֻ䶯죬УҶ˶ţ˭뿴ʲôݡ
ʱһӰٵ
лŤͷһӶܾս壬ֵܾܣʥǷĸ߲ʿ츳ҲǼߵģѾսʣδɾҲȻʥصĶ֮һ֮ʥǵλߣȻҲ򵥣ҲǴ˴ͬлǰеģ빫޼ʵʵƿߣлû˼ȥʲôסʵͻҪûռ鱨֮飬ܾս͹޼ģͻȻϸ¶һ˿֮ɫҲɵлĲ
ˡܾսǰɫЩѿĵ


1605  ϡһ
ܾսΪ˴Ҫǰռǣ֣Լʥ˵Ϣ޼϶⸺ˡ
ͻȻ֣˲ֳϵĵлʶȻ˷ǳص飬Ȼ˵ģһھǡˡ֣лԭŵᵽɤ۴
ʲôˣ
л񣬱㹻侲ԽΣʱԽ侲ŵ֮һɨΧһۣԹ޼˵ϣλ̸ɣ뿪һ
лٷģҶȻС޼
λ£뿪һл˵һ䣬ܾսҴ뿪ˡ
ڵıܾսû˵׷ʲô飬͸һظУ֪ʲô飬һġ
л״ǻᡣ
֪ԼӵĶͨܣôܷ󣬸Լء
ܾսֱڿն𣬷˵ء
굺󣬶ҲһٶлܾսԶ˵أ뿪ʥ˵ڵĵط
ȥǱߡܾսָ򣬲ǰȥ˵۽ܣõ˳ˡ
ʲôл׻
۽ܿʥһڣı֮ˣҲ˿ѷɫûȥԾϺǣʥȫֽе䡣
øеٮٮߣǱʥڶ츳ģǷ˼Уġ
ǳ£лš
ҲǸոյõ鱨һ뺣޽ʱ򣬴ӺõϢ˵۽Ǽһأ⵽˷ܾսٵ˵ţӿٶǰȥ
лľЩ۽ܵ˶ʥ̫Ҫˡ
һŬԼ侲ͬʱĶͨȫ濪Բǧڵһ
ܷʲôֻҪڸٺ֮ĺޱȻ֪Ϣ˴˽ġ
һȴûзʲô
ţлȻͣⷽԲǧڣûκδ򶷵ļ޶ల£ǰǲŪˣ
ǰеܾսҲͣת
ܾսɫԲҰףͳĵԲ𡣡
Ļ䣬Ϳл˷һ󷨣˸ŵĹ⺮һӰֳ
ںˮ·ٵĴˣһӾͽлΧ
Ǻܶ࣬Լжʮˣɸʵǿʵ͵Ҳǰ˽ս۷弶ǿǾŽսʣлƳһȻӽŽս۷弶һ˵ʵͲǶ֣ʵﵽ˽ս۷弶һս֮
ɱ֣֮
ͻͻ
лоռָڵö۲뷢ֵħѪĲͬЩѪ֮ˣɵ˫Ŀ侫ĶܾսЩŵĵڼ飡
лֱԼ۾
ܾսȻѪ֮˰ʥǵڼ飡
ͬʱһлеһ˿µ飬ǾܾսѪ֮ˣôܾأ
лǲȥģܾսı仯ϵĺǵĺ⣬ı䡣
лܶ࣬²߲ڼ飬û뵽ܾս
Ѫл
ܾս΢΢ͷ
ôܣ
лһ౻һȭĸоܾսȻѪھȻûзӦҲ˵ԶܹͨжѪİ취ȻܾսЧ
ɶΧлЩˣȴܹĸо
ѵԶֽͨţ
ƺûɵģϾѪǵˣûбҪˣΨһĽ;ǣѪ֮ʹһܹѪֶΣֶ޷ȫƹ㡣
ܾأлܾսĶͨѪٶȵȵֱ˵Ǽ١
ܾսƽĵûС
ΪλѪ˵ԼĸѪ֮˵߹лŭȵ

ܾսһҲ޷ѹѾжʮˣٲ˵Ҫˡ΢һ˼·˵ʮǰΪ˿׷ϴ磬ҪΪһεӶ֮û뵽ˣƵ֮ʣŵõѾΪĸĻѪͷѪ
ԭˣѹûз֣߱ͷѪлһͬʱҲˣΪʲô޷Ѫļߣͨİ취޷
ͷǰ㾳磬ͨһѪǶѪѪоʮսѪľҪһٱġ
ζ϶ͷѪͷ˯꣬˼ͨҲ꣬ͷѪ㱻ƭ˰ɡлЦ
ܾսĵҲΪ֪ǰǿ˵ģǵֻΪ˰һЩ羫Ӣ͸˼磬оͷĺᣬ˼ĵһǳ˯ʮǰʼѣ޷ܹͷָĻֱϵѪеľóһ ֣ıһЩˡ
лоһ˿⣬Ȼǰ׼
ͷֱϵᣬʮս۷弶Ĵڣ˼ĳطʮǰգô˵ǰгﱸʮ꣬ô˼лжǾѪأ
лģĵܾսˣʥж٣Ƕʲôݡ
ͷֱϵѪҲôֵǮȻˡлЦ
ˣ˼粻ʮˣǸԶ벻ݡܾսƽĵˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣ˵Ҳ˵ˣɱ㣬һԸıҸѪǻͷ֮ѪƾǵʵδȻɾͷǷڵȴ
лΧþƾɱ𣿡
ʮ˽ս۷弶ǿϵĸ֣˵ܹɱκһŽսʣԵǿᡣ
лһ㡣
ɱ֣֮ҲŰȥ
㣬û˱Ҹ˽⣬ҼȻ֣û뿪ܾսƿʼҵ
ԭܾսֻսʣһ˲䣬ƿ쭣ֱ˽ս۷弶ǿ߱ĸ߶ȡ
һֱʵ
лܼ۵ʶ츳ߣӹɵģܹȶͷģ丸ܾ֮ͬų˾Ĵڣܾս츳ͣҪԽʮսҲûʲôҪﵽ߾磬ҲҪʮʱ䣬лжϣܾսҪﵽ˽սʣҪʮʱ䣬ǻʥȫ֮¡
ȻѾǰ˽ս۷弶ľ硣
ʵܹʥ˶۾ֳͷѪĸ߹ܹ֮츳ǱǺܺõܾս˶ݵľﵽ㾳磬ҲʾͷѪĿֲ֮
лһθо˼ûˣ


1606  ϡ
˼绹о
лҡͷûˣ籾ʮĴǿ̶ֳȣĳԽʮսʵܸܾ࣬սѪֻǵõһͷ֮Ѫı仯֪ͷֱϵѪ²֪ǿ̶ֳأʮֱ꣬ϵѪжˣοɲֹͷһ壬ƣ˿ڹڵġ
ٿ˼أ
˵ܵѪӡƣ˵ܵ޷ͻʮսʣǿԣأ
ǰͷѾô˼磬Ұзչ֪ж߹ܾսģ˵ʮѵĲʮΪʲôҪʵ飬ܾսҲ˼еһˡ
˼û𣿡л죬һ˿ЦоȣҲںܾǰܹҲְɣǰʥǵΪ۵ġ
ˣ˼磬磬ǵħ磬ʥǾʥǣֻԼĵ·ɣҵҲûȥʥˣлĺܴǹ˼磬޷£Ŀʼˡ
˼
ʥֻܿԼ
˻
влƽ͵ĺܣûȥֽеǷŸ˺ˡ
뿴˭͸ģʲôݡ
̬ܾսȶʮѪ֮ɫ΢䣬ľǷӳǿսĸ
ŵݲֻ࣬ȼ֡
ܾսѪ֮ˣ
櫣
ŵݣлٿܾսѾԼµУ뵽櫣ɵЦ

ЦԲǧڵĺˡ
ЩѪ֮˸һɫ䣬ǰ˽ս۷弶ǿߣɫ仯ǾŽսܹܣǽӽŽս۷弶ǿߺܾսӰ죬·Цκιһ㡣
лһݣܾսͬһ㣡
ǰ˽սʣûжףôȻΪͷѪԵʣսͬһ㣬ܹԽնɱŽսʵ
һǷż̻ĩɢؼ䣬лó˼ȭף̵Ĵϣֽóȫװ
˺󡣡ܾսڰֵ
ӽŽս۷弶ǿӦ
һ˵ȱ˿ˡ
ҲγһΧȦҪǽлת굺·ˡ
ɣܾս˫ȭȻһӳ𶯵ճ־ҵĶ·Ҫһ㣬񱩵Ƽˮҵķ
Ȼûá
ôҶ֣ҪñлЦ
ܾսȻǰҲǱٵ˷ѣá
ҾͿжǿлӵն
һоųɵ˵ۻޱȡ
񵶲ʣԾɱһɭĵâ·ҪһУܾսȴɫƽĺܣӿٵתȭͷ档
ʵܾսǰ˽ս۷弶лǿ࣬һİ˽ս۷弶ӵսлһȴá
ȭͷһʵĶ
أ
ȭͷػ档
л͸еһǿս㱻ЩѪһӿβܿƵ󵹷ɳȥʮףסΡ
ܾսʳָ˹һӵӡ
ˣ
лܾս³
ܾսĶȻսѷɫңҲ˵ܾսĶͨǿȡ
ܾսǰ˽ս۷弶ʵ۶л˼лȻѷɫܾս
˵ܾսܹնɱŽսıĸ֡
лأҲǺɱŽսһĸ֡
ʧȥսƣл˵ԽɱˣͬУҲ˾൱ܹɨﵽ˽ս۷弶ܹܾսѡ
лɫޱȡ
ΧŶʮֻиܹɻĽӽŽս۷弶ǿ֡
ô죿
лĶͨȫ濪Ҫͨ۾ȥ۲죬ֻҪжЩվλã̶Ѱҳ·ߡ
Ѹٵ˼Ψһƣٶȣ
ΪܾսȻѪ֮ˣȻϸоôȻ֪֪ףӶٶȱһĶֶΡ
ˢ
лȻ񵶣ڡ
һ̴һеĵֱ͸졣
ݣ
ǵ·ʵʵֱʮ׵ĳȣʣءһǵײһص
ײһ÷Բڳһ޴֡
ֳ߶ʮףǷԲ׵ķΧڣֱ·γһԲĴڣ˶С
ɷѿİлߵ
ܾսĵ֪ٶ̫죬ǾŽսҲ׷㣬ֻ˷Ϊֿ֤ܹҴսԷΧҲֻôС
ȴ˵лȵ
ûġܾսȻ
лЦһ΢΢һΣɲǼ䣬ӰϷݳȥһʱ䣬ⲻĿռĳּʮлֱЯһĵɱܾսڵˡ

˻ᣬлӵʩչƶնҪƳ˷ܹͨٶߡ
˵ûģܾս
л۽ƲȥͿܾսЩõӰȻֱߵɱȻܹϳԼ
лһ
Ȼܾսּ𣬸޷κӰ졣
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
лֹͣʩչƶնһ˦һʱγɣҪʹܾս°Ҳ㹻ˡ
ˢ
Ϳܾսһ˿˿һ㵭ĹΣͬһ⣬ֱӴʱпյĵطԽȥʱֶ飬ʱ侲ֹЧ
л״𺳡
ܾսǽĸ͸ˣڰжޱоʹõһֶ㶼ܾս֪ˡ
ؿռ
лץȥһ޴ĿռγɣҪܾսͬһʱ䣬ʼٵĺڱչصа飬ΨнаܹһΣˡ
а飬
а飬
ٵĺչ״̬а黺ͨģԶлĺаһʱӦˣķлǺеĽͽţаһθол̬ˡ
Ѹٵת
үаٵЯͨͨл
лȥ۲죬ֻһۣ֪аڵ״ѾǾŽս۷弶ڳʮսʵؼʱ̡
ʱаҪǸţȫĵĳʮսʡ
үҡа鿪ڵ
ʱˣ֮лȵ
֪аʹõƣȫãаȻͬ⣬Ȼа鹦һ߻ħֻ֮ĻƾаȫԿ˷εΣ
а鵱֮л
һܵ涷ٵĻлսڣл˲䱩
ǢлźȻ֣аǸ涷սȻսһ޶
ѵףаĶҲалԺһͷȴûʱȥ롣
аǾŽս۷弶֮ŽսǿȣлӽŽսı
ǣֻһá


1607  ϡ
ֻһĻᡣ
һ޹ٶаôаȻɲԤϵ˺
аʱܳʵʹõҲǰˣϾڵĽʱ䲻ͬġ
ˣл򿪵ؿռҲȻ⵽˻Դ
ܾսȻԴҲ׼ֱһ·ݻ٣ٵռлֻײľ롣
õалȫ߶
ˣһܾսɱ˷һҲ޷ֵΧˣǰһӽŽս۷弶ĸ֣ԾΣգڱ֤а鰲ȫ£ֻһһΣ
ݣ
֮ϱһ
أ
ǵֱӺܾսܾս⣬ȭ򣬿һȭȥ͸еһĵľʹǵֱӽĵɳȥصײǷ棬ʹ÷־ҵĻζ
һ¿ǳ˵Ԥ֮⡣
лҲ˳ƾһȼյȻ֮ӳ·һ㡣
ƶն
񱩵һлձնȥ
Ѫ֮ҪȻ
䣡
һƿٵأ󺣷˻ƶ綼·Ҫһ㡣
һһ
¡
ǸߵķֺȻ飬Ƽһ㣬ǿ𶯣ͬ޾Ļ˷ӿԴݻһе̬ɢȥѪ֮˸ҪĿꡣ
һлոյõаѸٵɢ
аҲɫҰز궼ʼ
ٻȥչأңлͺȵ
а΢һͷѸٵͨͨع鱾壬ٵȹ̾磬ȹ̴˷ĴĲԤΣա
лҲ֮˥ȥ
ûжģٶȵķ֣лȻҪˡ
ܾսҲһʱӦлƱ仯дޣ֪лȻصĵƣǾ߱һ赲Ҫˣ
Ҳһʱ쭳ȥ
Ѫ֮ͳͳһȫŽսʣٶȳɱл·ߡ
İ˽ս۷弶Ƿǰзγһ޴İΧ磬ɱлС
λˣлЦ
֮Ʒ磡
˱ֵƾʧ
ǰɱɱܾս
붼û룬һԶĻӶɱȥ߶֮£лγǰ
ಣ
л̸ıٶȣתΪƵ磬նյĶ㿪ǹ굺쭶ȥ
ƷҲܾսʶˡ
лոճȥףˮ·Ȼһ׵β·Я֮
أ
л񵶵ֵһ¾ͱȫɢܣѪɳȥҲʣڶˣһɱˡ
ǽӽŽս۷
͵ϮлֲĲʹȥ
ͬߵķһ㣬󷽵ɳȥ
ಣ
һ춯
лһ׵βðݺݵسȥٶȱ鶯лҲΣˡ
ܾսɱȫκһĻᡣ
ݣ
Σʱ̣һĺХȻֱն׵βնƬѪɣصĵ֮С
ʮӰ
ΪߺȻ̽櫣
Ϸλǧ֮ڶܾսõ櫼ٺȵ
лɨһ櫣Ŀԣû˵лƵ緢ӵޣϷ쭶ȥ
ಣ
һȥ
;УһƵѪ·ĺˮðһܾսŵȻΪ׵ĸ֪ɱˡ
ͬʱ˷ǧλӿĺޣ֮࣬Ҷʵǿİ˽սϵĿֲڡ
˲Ϣǧףлһ·ߣȥ
ɱܾսŭ
ޣѪͳͳΧ櫵ʮˡ
Ψܾս˻һ
⣡
Ϳ䱳Ȼչѩ׵ĳʹе£һһɴɵڳ档
ȶܾսͬ˲ϢǧףȻлٶ٣׷ȥлҪɱġ
ӵгٶȷƣϴɵӳ֣ܾսٶȿӾŽսʡ
׷ɱлܷӹҲһδ֪
һǰһʧ
櫻ܣĸ֣յˣְɣ
Ļһ䣬֮УɫĹâһһӰƾճָ߿գһɫĶֻ¶һֻ֣һġ
䣡
һǧ״СĿֲƽ¡
ԲǧеѪ֮˺еĺͳͳıĨɱǽӽŽս۷弶ǿߺͺޣһҽеĻᶼûУͳͳڷ
һӣЩɱ֮˵ĿռָͳͳķС
Ȼ櫵ʮ˷֮˱ţѸٵ뿪ʧ֮굺˲Ÿϵ
һ櫵˱һɽС
ˡ櫵
òŻشѪӡ
ˣ޷Ǿǳʮսʰˣµķӡѵв𣿡ʵ
ֹвҲֻһĻᣬǿжõڶΣܵ侳磬˶ġԾЩļµ˵ڱһӡӡ㹻вոͻʮսʣ𾳽ĸ֣ǰĴڣռؼΪãµѪӡʹѪӡҲӲǱ˼ӻڻδ֣Ƕҵħֵģ֮ţϹʥʣ˻ʿѾ˼ܹ翹ĵزˡ
櫲ȻˣΪʲôҪͬлڣЩʱΪ˲ţǣͷĴأ
˳ôƾʱȻԻޱȣпܳɾͷǷҲ粻ϧ۵֣ݻٵģδ׼׵֮ǰҲ֣֮˼ؽ𡣡
ô˵һжΪ˼翼ǵˣüһŵӡ
㲻ΰЦ
ҡҡͷ櫵ǲǣ˻ʣʥʣлؽţһΪ˼磬ĸԿԼȥΪȡʱģ㣬˻ʺʥʴǸʱ֮뿪ɱлзˡ
Ȼôĸ
ûӴ˻ʺʥʣûзȨ֪ĸ׵˵һģΪлĨɱһ꣬ĸ׶ֻһ仰˼裬ɷһУ˵һӮõˣغεȿ㣬˶˵ΪԼɱߴ壬ɱʥأ˭֪ĿҪʮֹ˼ݻ٣Ϊ˼ȴ˱ߴʥŭԸܣǺεؽлʱҵһǱڣұԼ˽ؽ̹
˵û˻ϹʥҲͬһĵ˾Ȼѡ񷴿飬ǧ֮ãȻδȷһԱ֤ڵ˼ͷǣͷҵħľͷǣһ˭Ҳ֪ܣ˼磬ǵħ˼磬Ϊܣ˼ͷ˲һеķͬΪܡ
Ȼܣʲôأ
ҡͷЩͷǣ֪Ҳ˵ȥģҵħڷлˣߺߣıѾãлʥǣ磬ôͷĹעħ磬ǱлҵħͷǵĽƣֻҪǻָҵħǿƻعʱ򣬰лʱ򡣡


1608  ޻һ
쵺λϺƫϵĵطҲǺŵУλϱߵĵ죬﷽Բǧ֮ڣ鲼ܹʮˣСĶܹʮ˶ѣӸ߿տ岼·ҹյǳ׺
лΪ˦ܾս׷Ϻҹ쵺ȴҲûн˦ܾսͨںصһЩѪ֮ƿصȵʥʥ׵Ͼͽӥ£ĻᶼûУȵֻٶȣЩѪĺ޺͸ָ޷׷ȻĻлܻ⵽ٴΧ˵ġ
˴ܾս¶ݣ˵˱ɱ֮֡
аĵƣҲΪаڱչض޷ãб櫵ͻȻ֣ŽģȻǱɡ
״ηص͹ܾսĿ֮
˲ѣһּǱɱֶΣлҲΪʲôͷ˼ѪѡܾսͷѪˣ츳ԣҪһıԣ̵
뵽ܾսֹ̣ло˴˵Ŀ֮Ϊֹϸ䣬ȻҲûзܾս¶ĺѷ֡
櫵Ӫȡ
лδϣ֪Խ࣬лжϾԽ׼ȷһǾǵħҲоͷĴڣֻǱ˼ĸͷַӡģôڵħľͷǣѾȻǲܵģɱǣµľ͸ɵˣǷӡǾԼĿģлҲʥǣߡ
½еһ˳
ܾսðɱ֣ȻͷĹעԭ
쵺лŷ֣쵺ĺһط䵺ϾȻ鲼ˮҵˮ̶
л֮Խ쵺ϣ쵺ʲôԿܾս쵺㹻ǿǾǡ
쵺ʥؽ˵ģʥǰͱлִݻ٣ʱʼ쵺㿪ʼѰµĽ˶󣬱Ͼȴ󻷾֮£ĳֻбĨɱһ·
쵺ѡǡ
Ϊرǲѩĸǰ
Щ鶼ǹģҲΪ˷ֹʵ쵺ʲôٶл쵺֮󣬱ñѩеִ󺣵棬лҲԷˣɰܾսҲǿԵġ
쵺лһţܾսʧӰ١
ĵܾսҲ쵺棬ʩչֶοʼѰлټлбɱ֮ĵġ
ܾսһѰʱлȻͨǧף쵺һɽӳŵ뺣ڣһر
֮ˣΪл;˵صʱ򣬿ѩ峤Ѧѩֺ쵺ĺĲ㣬ڵһСٵ￿£
лƾĶͨжϣʮˣоŽսʽӽ۷弶ǿߴڣһЩ˽սʡ
֣Щʲôˣƾǵʵرǣαڵģѵʲôè壿лй۲졣
ܾսɲٵˣӵĵطߣʮսҲûٰܵס
ܿҴ
߳һȥҲʮӣһ˫۾ʮ֡
׹ѩ峤ѦЦ
Ѧ峤Ϊ׹˻
Ѧҵ׹롣
ûйķϻҴ뿪ˡ
׹˵ĴſʲôɫҲûĵط׹ĳȴлһɱˣǾ칬׻ϡ
׻߰˷ƣֻԵĲһЩ
лûϸȥǲ鿴Щ֮Ҳδʲôر֮׷ȥ
֪ıҵЩڵĵط
һ൱ׯ԰Ĵڡ
ׯ԰ɽǷԲƽ׵ķΧ
лҵǵʱЩѾ̸ˣΪǰ͵Եʣûʹ
Ϊֹ֣лھԼԶĵطƾĶܹͨҲܿ˵֮˵ı顣
׹Ҫǲ̫ˣ˵Ǳѩ峤Ѧҡ
겻ǸǿƵѦѾսʵľ磬߸Ҳǰ˽սʣŽսʣνǷޡ
Ҿһ㶼֡׹ЦǺǵĵ
֣Ѧұ׹׹Լ칬ôǿܹԵǱѩ壬ܹǷ
׹ǵȷǿδܹǿ칬
ѦЦ׹νĸʥػûзνĸ߸ϵ̬ˣû̸ˡ
Ѧ峤칬ʶӦ÷ǳޡ׹ƺ֪Ѧ˷Ӧ˵
ŶǸ׹칬ʵǣѦҵ
йŽ壬ȷ칬ܹԿģǹŽܷӶȻعǣֻһܴ⡣׹Це˵ûйŽǣ칬аѹһġ
Ҫ˵Ѧңǰл⻰Ĳг
Žδܹعǣ
ѵһϹǿʲôɸ˵ĿĲɣ˵ĻأǿɶʥǵлԿĸ֮һ
Ѧ۶׹׹ҪΣĺãѵһ廹ҪԹŽ岻ɡ
ȻᣬһϾҪԿĻŽҪĹؼλԹŽ岻Ҫ翹⣬ǽ˼ĽƣҾƳֵʱգȻҪ㹻֧֣ЩϹǿȻǷһҪǰκһ֧ϹԴӶ뿪ġ׹˵
׹֪ЩģѦҵ
׹Ц֪ģܸ峤Ա֤ʵм٣òã峤Ҳ֪ģΪһϹǿڽһǳƴĹ̡
칬˵Ѧұ㲻ʲôɡ
Ͼ˫ĿҪüٵƭ¼ϣܳΪˣǼΪǵġ
ŽҪֲŹȷ޷ŽˡѦҳҴдǣ˫˭ĻȨأҪ˫Һ֪칬ƾʲôѹһ
׹칬ʮսʡ
ѦЦҳϣߴΨдܴʮսʣʥпֻ칬ʮսʣⲢûʮսʣ֪ɻǵʹʥǿ룿
룿ǺǣȻ֪Ȼʮսˣ֪׹˵칬ֻһʮսʣ
ţѦ۱⡣
ʮսʣǿɷͨɫȻֹһˣ
׹Ц칬ػޣͨʨˣ


1609  ޻
ͨʨպյĳħޣ칬ܹǰеĹؼڣ˵ͨʨʱ칬Ի͵ʱ̣Ϊͨʨ˵Ѿʮսʣ绹ţ칬ĵһͨʨİԳʮս۷弶ġ
ôͨʨεǿأ
ͨʨ޷ǳʮսʰˡѦҳ
׹ͨʨ˯꣬Ѿﵽʮս۷弶õİ˼ƲҲһͻʮսʾġ
ͨʨѦɻ
Ҳ֣ʵһͨʨɣҲ˯ûﵽʮս۷弶׹˵֪ƾͨʨܷѹһأ
ŻŵѦҳĬˡ
ʮսʺʮս۷弶Ȼͬʱʮսʣ۷弶ʮսʼǿּɱͨʮսʵģҲΪʲô˻ʱϹʥʱʮս۷ֻô˰ˣԭҪﵽ۷弶磬̫ˣЩ֮Ҳδؿ
ȷϧҪùʧˡѦЦе˵
Ŷ׹Ȼ
Ѧҵ˵ʵұѩıѩܾǷʮսʣүү֪˼ǾŽս۷弶ǾڱѩؾǷ˴ڣҲȷұѩ칬ɹҪһ㣬ǻŮ塣
׹ĵƽƽ档
ȷ嵥۸˵ʵ߽սʶòȴĸ֣԰˽սʺ;ŽսΪǳ֮󣬴Ϣܵص·ʮսʵĴڣȻûдﵽ۷弶һȴӽ۷弶ǿߵľ硣Ѧ˵
ȷе⣬ԶԣҲδرȵҷػޡ׹
ѦҵǾǹ̫СˣΪ֮ѪӡΨһһﵽͻƳսʼǿߣΪж
ʲôѪӡδʱͿսʼ׹ͺ
칬ҲǺȻѡ
лҲеԾ뵽ˣõ֤ʵȴһָоԾɷǳ𺳡
Ѫӡεȿ£ڴڼ䣬򶼳ˣȻܹսʼĿ³̶ȣȻֻǽʮսʼã˭˵ܺɨһʮսʼǿأ
֪ǷøûһأѦЦеĵ
׹ԣϣܹ˫ͬˣֻΪǰͨ飡
Ȼ׷ģֻǲ֪ͨôѦҵ
ҶѦɷ򸾡׹
ѦһشӪУվ
˷ǱˣѦҵĶѦ
ܣѦе
Ѧɫһȵ£۱Ѧû˵Ѧֻú޺ת׹ĵǲҪǿѵĺãѦұѩδĻ£˵ңүүҲȨ
˵ǵĺֻˡ׹εĵ
Ҳֻ˵ϣԺлѦҵ˵˿ûп׹µ˼
ľٶ칬˶һ㶡
ѦǰЦѣ칬ʵȷΪһͨʨϣɻûдﵽǽаʸ񣬴˷Ҳϣǰ칬ƿʥ˵ĿģȻҪҪǣǿЦо칬޳⣬Ȼû̸еȤ
峤˲ʣ׹ü
ʣٺ٣ǹδưɡѦƲʥ˿ɲ칬Ϊ׵ģ칬ʵǿĴʥҲûз֮ο֪ɽ͹аʥؿߵĸ
׹ЦߵĽΣʵ޼ҪΪ칬ƣʥ˲֮󣬱칬ƿصġ
ѦЩʧҡҡͷ׹ǵͬΪı˵䲻ģ̫ˡ
⻰ֱ׹顣
һ˿ĳ˵̸֮ʱп˫ѵĿܣѦȻǺԥ˵˳Ļƾ׹ָԣºĽǷϽ̶԰Ρ
ΪǣĪڴˡ
칬ɫ΢䣬׹ҲĿ侫ĶѦңѻȸ˶
ã׹ŹЦ峤һû뵱Ϊʥ˵ĸߣͺþ֣ΨֲܹǿԿôܻĴ󣬹֮ǰֻ̽ǷҲëڿ̫Сˣ˫֮ǰ̸ҶܣҷҲûʲôҪֻһǾҶ͹Ѧ֮䣬Ƿܹɷ򸾣ͿԼ̬ȣΣ
·ת仯Ѧҵǵ΢΢һ
񷿴ǴЦһж֮С
˫ˣЧѦҴЦҪ׹ӺѦ֮۰
峤ô𻪱Ц
ѦҰֵǵǣѦԸˣŮ֮´δϡ
ЦҲδء
ӻűѾȥѦˣҲû˰ɡѦЦеĵ
л˼ת
칬Ǻôõô칬Ǹӣ칬޷ǾΪһͨʨˣʵֵһᣬʥϣּɽ
һõǵ֧֣ô칬Ȼкܴϣƿʥˡ
лƿصɽʥ˽ŷǳвлϣ顣
Ҫƻ˫ˡ
ôƻأ
лŴڵˣõİ취칬ĸ뿪ʱ򣬽ΧϮɱл˵ʵ޷˼ҵлнӽŽսʵĴڣǶ̸֣ʲôɱôˡ
񷣬뵽˱ɱ׻ϣðһ׻ҲĶӣ֪Ϊʲô׻ϻᱻ칬֮˵չˣݵλĺܲһ㣬һﲢϹʱǿߣǺгɵģֻǿʵҲ֪ǷԼ޶ɵģлʾܴĻɣ츳Ҳ޷ǴﵽսʣҪõ˫ʴУٴη̣ƾʲôȻǽɲΣʵڷ
л뵽㽫Ķͨܵչ
ҪѰѦ׻֮
ܿʹһЩ쵺˵һЩ֪Ѧס˵ؾȻһβСľ롣
лʩչ뿪ˡ
ܿ죬лѦסһֲ滨ݵԺ䣬װηǳľ¡
˿˿ĺͷųȻΪӦѦвõģѦΪ
ϴμѦģʱѦֻǸսʼսʼҲ֪ˡ
лһѦԺӵĺԺڡ


1610  ޻
ոյһа
ѦˣʹҰɣٷҲûõģ׻ϵˣû˭ܹӵġ
׻һ£ѩ弴ɱ칬
ǿɲһŶͻᰮҰ÷ģﻹúҹȥ
Ҹƴˡ
ϲţʲôƵء
ϵشлĶС
ѦסС̺˶ͨˣƺҲýԺǰԺ˸֪淢ʲô
лһɵö칬һ˿ɱ⡣
˵汰޳ܣʲôԣҲ׼ǲ칬ͻ˵˵Ҫ󣬵Ϊ˳ԶҲģҪôѦĺѱġ
ȻѦûʲôøУѦҲлûжӵĽ뵽һԺã࣬лȻҲϣˣҪƻ˫ĶԹõİ취ǾǸɵ׻
л뵽ֱԺĵط
ǺԺһС¥ڡ
ɣ˪Ѧ˿ңѩ渡һĨ˵ĺΣ˿أз޵źҵţ˵ˡ
ǰһ׻ϳƵӣȥʮӣϾЦݣڿٵ·
һۣлֻʧ
Ȼֻս۷弶ʵ׼սʶûн룬˵츳֮ɼġ
лֵģתһ룬ˣȻݵѦ£Сβָ˳ȥ
ҩָ
˵ҩָ֮νĽһ䣬һĴ󣬿ǽһо綾ܹġ
лָһѦĺ󱳣һĨӹ
Ǳҩ̼ļҪѦ̼侲Ѹٵȴ˶˹
ҩѦȻͷųһɭǵɱ⡣
·׻·׹ߣϾȻʼѸٵĽɫҲòҰףֵĿѦŵĵ㣬㣬ô
ôѦޱ飬ɭɭĵ
ǽӽսʵʵһָͷܴ׻ġ
㲻ɱɱɱңҸ칬׻ֵĽе
ž
˵꣬Ѧֱ̧һƣȵ׻һӡƾշתȦص档
Ѧĵ칬ˣҪɱ㣬һնɱڴˡһ̤׻ϡ
ž꣡
ѡ
һȣֱӶˡ
׻ʹֱС
Ѧһ̤׻˫֮䣬֪ǸλѪֱ׻ǲҽһȥѦֻһӣһ£׻Ȼ۾Ŭƽһ飬ſڵɣл֪ҩָҡ
ܾĵģ޷Ӧ
Ҳ֪ôģҲʡѦ˵˷飬ѦˣӽѦʥ֮˽Ҳ֪ڵľƣҵʵ̫Զ̫ԶǷǿǿʵŷǳĲ࣬ȲҪ칬ȴˣ칬ҲһǣǺģҲˣƫƫǲġͷһ׻ĵԴ֮Ѧعѩܾﶥ˾أң
˵֮ѦһŽ׻ߵķ˸߿գһŵܴ󣬵Ҫ׻һֱӽ׻˳ȥ׻ɳȥһǧ׵ľ롣
ѦҲ֮ڿն뿪쵺
ĿѦ뿪лӵðҲû뵽ѦȻ˾Ϊѩ츳֣ѦδζűѩδľܴӰ쵽ѩԺ̬ȡ
лҡҡͷ̾ѦȻΪѩϣվûоһ䣬ˣҲľ硣
ٴ
׻е·Ҫ֣ͬʱлĶͨȫ濪Ҫ۲칬ͱѩ̬ȣлһӷѰܾսټƺҲ׻ٵĿͬʱлҲ칬ͱѩ˶Ѿ֣Ϲ
л¶һĨаЦ⡣
һȰܾսǰƯţлܾսЦĵң
лܾսͻȻлȻһ㶣漴ȭ
л״ϲѡ
漴ܾսջȭͷЦҪҶ֣Ȼ㿪ҵǿ֮˻ɱΧɱҰɡ
㻹Ǵϧˣ߹лĵ
ܾսɫ䡣
κξٶл̧һ
䣡
׻һȭķ顣
л漴أȻʧӰ١
ʼܾսûüֹ˵ȵӦʱһŭѾ쳹УһĿȻ칬ͱѩĸǡ
ɱ㣡칬ŭȼŭɶĿ˻һɱȥ
칬ĸҲ׷׵ĳֳɱȥ
Ⱥ˸ʵֲҲǰ˽սʣܾսһܹģһĹУܾս㱻ĽѪϵˡ
ۼɱȻܾս֪±ɣҲ˲ģչӳٶȿ쭶ȥ
ٶһʩչʱŽսĿɿڴ޷׷ġ
Щ׷ϣɲл׷ϡ
лһܾս˶ĸֹֻգ۵Ĺ򣬾㱻ɱ˵ˣʱ˿̣ܷ񷢻ӳһǶһʡ
ٺ٣ֵɱ˰ɣлʩչ׷
ȵ뿪쵺ܾս㽫칬ĸָƲˣлҲٶȷӵޣ׷ȥ
쵺赣ı˷֣лٶǾͷӵ˼£ɲǼǧ׵ľ룬գۼܾսľס
˵ܾսҲлͣ
ˣɱ㻹û⣡ܾսЦȻѪ۱ĺâһѸٵȶ˫ţǴɵ棬ۻĶҲٵת
һ
лȻ֪ܾսҲûаأ˫յȫս߶ڣһʮ׳ĵ
䶫ˮ
ǶֶȻˮԵģȴ谭лһ߶һԲǧڵĺˮʱʮˮлľһױȵ
춼ǵ⣬Ѹٵ档
ˢ
лȥ
˵ܾսЦ磬ϣݺݵĴ˳ȥ
䣡
ǿĺ˫һŶĿĴ۹⻪ɢ˷𶯵Ĵꡣ
ǰǿܾսٶһѪ׹֮ڣлնֻǾҵĻζ˼£ǵƲˣᵶٶɱȥƱҪô˻ᣬܾս䣡


1611  ط꡾һ
лͬɽѹһ㣬ֱӽǴ󺣸ܾսɱȥ
ͬǱŶܾսݵ෴
ԣ˵Ķˡ
лȡܾսļ䣬֪Ѫ֮˵һЩܣҪŪܾս׵飬ǷѪ֮˶Ѿ߱ˣǲ־߱ˣֻԼһ˾߱
лܾսȻǲ˿ġ
ǰݵܾսһֱĸо׷ɱлģڿɺãлƣˣл׷ɱζ൱ܵģǶĸܾս˵Խܡ
ۼٶȣվѷɫлһߵġ
ƵʤܾսҪߣɾûлǰˡ
ѹն
ܾսĻᶼûУֻǿžʹҧ֣ȫԭΪҲܹлģû뵽˶ԾһߣֻһĲ࣬˱С
أ
ڶػܾսֱûˮ߰ĵطܾսҪѪʹȥ
˿ֲͽΧĺ޸ŵӴˡ
Ҳûкڸ
лᣬٶ׷ɱȥ

ۼлݣܾսſһѪ˫սȭͷ˻һǴɵ缴̿ţһѩٵȶţͿܾսٶȻһ࣬׼һֱ߿쭡
л״ﻹ֪ܾսҪߡ
ǷǳģһʩչҪʹʵһЩָܹأΪ˻ܾսҲȲѣַŵܹٶޣǷٶȱֱߵģ޷תƷǰдɽҲȥġ
лٶȷӵޣں׷ᡣ
죬ܾսΪ۵ķ죬ɲǼȥ֮ң
ˢˢ˾ͷ·⣬Ĳ˼顣
ѹɶ㾳˵еޣûκεӰ죬Ǻ⡣
׷Улͷ֣ܾսٶмƣϾǷǳģһֱȥġ
лӽ׷ȥ
ҲٶȣܾսҲʼձһľ룬˾ҪܾսһٽãɱĻᡣ
һһ׷Ǳ뺣ˮס
Ծûͣ
ۿܾսٶȼ࣬л۾һȻٶٶȷӵزɲǼ佫˾ʮ׵ľ룬ͬʱ񵶣ճҪܾսش
ն
ܾսҲֻǿͣǶŷǳ˺ȴҲ޷ոҪͣͷǰ⾰һ䣬Ÿ໥ŵľ޴г֣洫һһӾͽܾսһڣлǵҲнˡ
һлеֲ
лǰǾŸͬһǿȥһԵ˺֮·Ҫ˺һ㡣
лֹͣΡ
İͽǳĵزػʥǴﵽҪɵĵز˺֮
ͻأֵľŸУȴЩģ׷ɱܾսеĻʲôΣա
ŸйĪĳ֣濴߼ʣʵ׽ʲôУлҪץֻѯʣ⸽ûкޡ
׷ǲ׷
׷ĻΣգ׷ĻŹλᣬܾսǿɾ鷳ˡ
ΪѵʱϷһЩ
лһ䵽
ûãͿѦΪ׵ıѩֺʮ칬ִϷ͸еĸ
ǵĳле㵣һܾսܷ򣬺Ȼ쵺λãӦ쵺ĺ·
лǵһЩ˵ۣ֪˷ҲҪ̽صطģֻ׻峤ѦҺ͹жѰɱء
λлܹҵָӣҪ£ǴҪˣɾԹˡѦ
Ѧ֣Ҳ̫С˰ɣаվ˵аյµһصڣǸʱǿҲ޷׼սʣҽսʾ磬ξ֮У칬һӿ˵ο߻ŽսʣʲôֵСĵġ
ѦߵΣţԼȥԱ֪ˡ
θӦߵ칬ľŽսʼæɣаվƺ˷ǳµҷŰ̽һ£Ҳûʮİյֿ
ô᣿ԣɫ΢䡣
Ѧ״Цλ󾯸һΣаվӦĳЩǣˣˣаյǻõرڴ˴ҲûõˣҪ֪аյǽðʱ䣬׷Ϸչǧǽҡ
֮ǰЩķβٶԡ
˶ѦȺ
ﵽЧѦ˵ǿŸУƲأʵǵǱ˴ӵģǵһ˴ĻȻܵŵ˺ǾŽսûҲǱɣΪλӳַ֮аվ˺֮ģ൱ãȻһÿһУһԽȥǧ򲻿ɴУǳºġ
˵֮Ѧóһ壬顣
һɱĶڳѦǣ֮£ⶳ㸲˵γһһĴڣǱ
ѦҲʼȥ
ÿξˣһŸڡ
ĲʮˣŸһ֣ܿ㶼ڡ
л˴ԼʮӣΪЩ棬Ŵ߶ػʥ壬ػܸ֮Χ׼ǸǰܾսԽУһ±С
Уŷǳµ˺֮·ֻƴ˺лöػ֮ܶѺۣлٶȹ죬ɲǼ㴩ԽȥǱ˺ˡ
ԽУǰһ䡣
һռС硣
֮ǰлĿռСкܴ֮ڣ˵صķΧǺܴӦñ쵺ҪСʮ౶ֻһطһɽȣɽƣһɽȸλɽȵڴ
лͿѦεʮ˶ۼɽȿڣڵϣһЩѪֻһлܶ϶ܾսģѪδɣܾսˣܾսȴټռСĻѾɽ֮ڡ
ԱɵĿռСԵ֮ǰҲǰ׾룬Ѧڵأлڱ棬ʩչû£ֱӴӵ½ɽȡ
¹Ȼûκ谭лɵؽɽڣٶȺҲֱɽȴԼ߰׵ĵطð棬ͿǰվһϤĲϤСŮ


1612  ط꡾
ɵģӳǽεСŮŮīɫ㷢Ʈ裬һžµףΣ͸һ鶯ƤϹһĨȻЦ⣬һϮɫȹгĸ߹ˮʣʱðһݣǴе״̬
˭
еСŮо˵ͻȻһˣֹͣ۾·һ绮ͺȵ
лʱסˡ
۾ȷǰ֮˵ȷлŷһħ
ԭŮСŮ鳲㣬һӱлĻУ˫§סĲ˫Ȳ䣬ưצ㡣
ȻСħˡ
ֱ꣬ͻȻİĵط꣬ҲлЩ⣬ǾϲҲؽڻУ޲ýԼ塣
ŮУҲ뵱ɬ껪ʱлЩƣ˴һǽģܶʱܹһ񣬱ױ˴˵뷨
Сħл˫ǽεβͷƻõգе֣ɸտѯʣѾƻȥС
Сʤ»顣
˶һĵ׵аǣҲѹеǷݼ顣
лվѦȱѩ칬ʮˣ˵أټܾսǴĿӹܡ
ʱŷ֣ɽƺȽ֡
ڵĵطʮԶĵطʵţ棬ܹĿЩһ˿˿һ㣬粻׽롣
ⲻĵطˮԵԪ֮棬лҪȲѣˮԵıذ
ǲԶһˮ̶ͬһ㣬з紵ˮ̶ˮҲδһ£Եúǹ졣
û˻ģħҪ˿ǵ˹ͷˣһĵлǷһ˿ҲȻ
С˼ֱҪС
лﻹȥͣһ±㽫˵ڵϡ
һһŮ޳ܵź
ֱܾ֮
Ŵĸ߳ϿлĻУԾûдлҺԾɱź͵̬εϲΣһ˫٣۽üҹһĨ˵⣬ʱ³ò˼¡
ŨŨİ˺޲ýԷ塣
ʲôطΪʲôл΢紵ͷԱ뵽ˣҲ˼
ĵаʥаյԴڣҲаյܹѸĸԴʦ˼ҽ͵ģҪʲôʱﵽսʣʲôʱˮ̶ڣ˵ռһˮԶʱڵһЩս棬ܹǿʵ
аʥ
л뵽Ѧ֮ǰ˵ģˣаյֻһͨĺʵֵһᣬȴðʱ䣬ϳЩǧϹŴע⣬ǾͬɳһˣɳΪԶͨõģôаյʲôأ
аʥܹõһĽ͡
ƾлжϣѾս۷弶ľ磬ͻҲֻһ֮
˾磬һ³ȴл̣޵ܱȣҪ֪ģĿʱǳлҪ꣬Ȼ˿ĽδٶȣɾͣΨһܹлĴڡ
лһ⣬һֱǽ衢̡˵һ츳ߵģȻ츳˻Ҫ߳һ߰ɡ
뵽ʥǵδл뵽Ǹö༸ŵˡ
аĵƣаԣҲѷֻ֣ҪĺãܹǷɾ͡
ôǴӴԺпޣаżΪؼôδȻܹľ޴ϲ
ĵƣл֣˶֪ģȽ⣬Ǳ֪䰵Ҳһ֣ѱ˷Ϊ
лãȻһӣһգ뱾СŮȣȻ񣬼ֱǶԱСŮ裬ѵСŮô
յſлıҧһ£ͬʱ˫ȼнߺߵĵСŮҪļжϡ

лһ£ʱȥ˼ˣѹ£Сˣ㻹
ǲб°ѱСŮܡ˿ĵ
Ǿ֪ҵлʳٶȷ
һҵĴս
ٶͣЪûƣǾȡ
лӵʦأ
ѽ˵ҪȥһĵطչҲϹʥµ˵
½ػһȽĴڡ
ϹʥµһĿľػ˼磬ֹ֣ڴ½ػߵʵǵõķʽ죬ÿһǵʵǿģԵҰģÿ꣬ͽһͽгɣؽɵˣϹʥµơ
ܹ⡣
ɸлʦȴͬԭΪ½ҿ˥ϵȴѪӡӲǽƽһ룬پ½Ҳ˥ϡ
ʦ˵жٰճ׽𣿡лʵ
˵ѪӡѾƳ࣬˴αȫָɡЦ˵
лɴϲһлʦȫƣٶȳֵʱ򣬻ʮսʵľİɣľ棬Ǹлʦͳ˧½ػά˼ʱҲһ֧ǿˡ
Ĺϵлʦô˵ҲʥߵĸһЩɡ
ʦҪսʲܽˮ̶ڣлʵ
ƵĵǰҶһ࣬ˣûдﵽҪء
лˣǷһ֮ʵ㵱ʱʲô磿
ս۷弶

лʱɴ۾ֻޣ˵ûʲôȻòʱ䣬սʿ˽ӽսʵĵز츳Ҳ̫˵ɣѹֻᱻлʦأΪδ½ػߵƿߡ
תһ룬ƺǰƺҲڳսʰɣôͻȻս۷弶أ
ǲǺְɣ½ػ߿ԼıŶϹʥģҵ̶ǱʦƺõģҴﵽս֮ںˮ̶ڵˮƿصˮдɵԺҲѸޱȣʦŻ᳹׷֣ҲܲʣԼء˵
л𣬹ЦԺҿʱСˣ
Ц֪ͺãԺҲ뿪ˡ˵зһˮлĻУر
ʱ¶顣
ˣǻЩлĸīɫ㷢
ţھͿʼ㲻׼뿪Ŷ
лЦͻҲһ֮Ӧÿһõġ
Եһ˿ҵȹ棬ǰСϸΣȣ˫¶֮أǵлһֹСħСħ


1613  սһ
СħСħ߷ǳ·ġ
ȫţ¶Լ۵һ棬лаСħȻ˲С
лһŬԼƽ
֪Ҫս۷弶ǿͻƣǿɲ˵ģǷǳ鷳飬ʮսʣҪսǿͻƣǷǳΣյ飬лľǾܵİˡ
˶״̬дܱ㸡һˮϵƾճ֣ѣȥͬˮŮ㣬˵һ˿ң֪˽ܴ¶ȴƫƫһʥĸоҲСħ˸޷
ŨصˮԪתڣתΪĶսʾ硣
лƽľչԼ
ƾ˽սʵľ磬һԪ̼ױȵŨԪӿ
Բͬл֪Լ޷䳹׵ֻǽ˶Ԫ˫ּ䣬Ȼʼһ£еΪԪ
ľ磬ȫɣһСʱ֮Ԫ۳һ޴Ԫ򣬲һŨŨ
лȻֽⴿޱȵԪڡ
õ˶ԪٴתΪԼĶΪȻǷٵš
ʱ䣬ʼմս۷弶ͻƣսʾ硣
ʱ䣬ȹ̾硣
ֱʮ죬ǲĿˮ̶档
ž
л̵βһƣ촩·˵أ˿ˣҿɳԿˡ
ҴڳһѪƣĵĵ
ˣ
лһҺС̫ˣǿų嶯ΪһϮոµ¿ȹȻռ˱ˣǵϣòлֱٴνƵ
һϣ˱ƮȻˮ̶档
ˮ̶Ʋ󣬿л֮ǰ鿴ԽԽǸӴɽȵ¡
ҲˣĿܻѦܾսˣǿɾеΣˣܾսʮһָûȫָҲָˣûô׶Ը
Ǳǣл֣ðһɫˮ˰
ˮϾˮʥˮ϶ɾ͵ˮԶͨˮҪĶ࣬˷ˮ̶ڣҲҪѰһˮʹˮԴﵽɵĽ׶Σսŷǳ
˱Ǳˮ̶ڡ
δ֪ĵطǸлʦܲ˭Ҳѱ֤Ƿ⽫ʲôǿ߻ߺ޽룬лʮֽ䱸ģսʱĵزͬʱʱô߶ػʥĵزͷػܱ֮˵İȫ
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ʮңǿȴԭʮұ߰ʮףһڷٵıÿ
ˮ˸ŵɫΣƲôۣɽˮ̶·֮󣬲ŻȻ֣ˮȻųɫâԲڶյޱȣȻǱɫ磬ȴ쳣Һ͵ĹâҲۡ
ʦ˵ǣǱزϷȥһǧ׵ĵطһˮźܴİ˵
лǱ
ˮ̶ٶף˫ŽӴ·֮󣬱΢һϷȥˮˮѹε˵ٶ΢Щӿ졣
ƾĶͨлԲǧ׵ľ룬ûһ˿ϢԶ϶ûκεͺ޴ڡ
лӿٶȡ
ܿǱǧ֮ң׵ʱ򣬾ͿԶһˮͬһССһ㣬ͨ˸ɫʣޱȣ·ţ·ˮһ㣬ˮҡš
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Զл㶼ӦˣˮһҵĲȻһ˿Ĵ̼·ҪЯɹȥһˮɵӶǿ
ˮû˼˼άűܵԣܹǿĶĴȥģˮΪĵط
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Լʮ׵ʱüļ㸡һö鶯ӣ˸ŵˮ·˵еһ㡣
ǺȻˮ顣
лˮ飬ɵ𵱳һУΪˮ飬䶯죬֣״꣬ʱ˵Ķ֣ܾ˵Ļᣬȡˮ飬أѾ
Сˣʦɷѿĵˮˮˮ飬ǵĽϻı仯أȥɡлЦ
ˮǽӽɵľ硣
ˮս۷弶Ȼ൱влڣõġ
ЦһͷƮɹȥ
Ʈˮ
վһԵлͿˮоһ㣬ϵˮزţҫĹʣüļˮҲŵĹΣһͷīɫ㷢ƮţһϮɫȹ羫㣬˿Ŀѣԡ
ضȥһˮ
лκεˮûס֮ǰǶԵ̬ŵģҪһշ̵ġ
СִˮˮȻûʲô˳ħһ㣬ĦƣлҲоԼǰһ¾ͻ⵽ˮĹпˮ㣬ˮ˵˳֪Ժжˮõܽˮ֮һɱ䣬ɾͼ֮ˮʥˮء
뵽ʥˮлҲ鿴ڽеס
ٶѾӿ౶ɾɽԾŲСľ룬ͷųǽɫҲԼӴࡣ
СаСӣˮһ֣˵
ˮ£ȴû뿪࣬ƺʲôסˡ
ȻüļˮˮҲɾû
龰Ҳлע⡣
һɨ
һǿųˮҪ޷л⣬ѹƵһл㽫ͳͳɨ¶ʵ
ֻˮ·һöˮ
ˮˮʣƺɽˮȻлƵöʦԤˮһ޶ųϢӵĹӲԱöˮҪǿʢĶࡣ
лɵһϲ
ڵʵʥʮӵʦǳۣǳˮ򣬲ǿ˼ʦ£ǵõôˮռϷ磬ʦܣ
ħˮˮˣô죿
л߹ȥѹһ궯ˮѹס˿нѹƵҪѵļ
ʵĲࡣ
̽ץסˮ򣬲鿴УˮˮѹŵģҲ൱ǿ󣬿Ѿﵽ߽սʵĵز
л΢΢һЦһץһǿսӿȥˮˮڡ
ٿˮˮҲʼɢˮãѹֵˮ
ˮٿˮлɵһлʦȻ϶⣬ѵ˵ˮ
лˣһץɢˮٵĻ棬γһźĴڡ
ಣ
ˮȷӦһƿأֱӷУͬʱˮԼˮҲ׷׵ӿУˮҲɢУͬʱлˮֳһĻ棬ӲãϢ


1614  ս
ˮںˮ飬ˮһĨ㣬ƮҲͬŮ㣬˫Ŀ΢գīɫ㷢裬˫ֽظǰڵĶҲˮڵһ˿˿
ž꣡
ȳֱ仯ˮ顣
񳱣ΪͻͽĹѣǹƵĴڣƮΧˮƮ룬ȥƻã˵Ĺʡ
漴ˮʼƻͨˮһ㣬ˮںˮ㷢˾ޱ䡣
ԭˮͨˮҪǿĶ࣬ˮǽӽˮľ磬ںˮʹںˮ̼ﵽɵĵزǴɵ۷徳磬һˮںϵĻ»ˮɱ䣬ż֮ˮ׵ġ
ˮƬҲޱȵԪʼΪɣΪٴγͻͽļ
ΣлҲͰˡ
ȥעתĿصˮ
ӣãϢˮͷųһĻ֣лֽ
ͻͻ
л͸еԼս·ܵĳǣһ㣬ʼ궯ȻƵˮȥ
лһȫֹ
ȻǣȻ޷Ƭ̣սͬƵӿˮڣʹˮâʢɽˮҲޱ滹ֵĳһӰ񣬸ŷ֣תķ٣ս룬Ҳֻлսŵֻ˲һɵ
ղɾˡ
л΢΢ЩżɲѰҰ취ͿǽеҲһĽɫ磬ֱӴлͷųһûˮڡ
л͸оһɸΪӲãϢŨ˷·ع鵽ңԶĳʱ
Ȼл΢ЩĵǣˮڵսҲΪɫĴݽȥٴδ໥ϵĸо¹ƿأֻǶʱڻ޷ռ леϲǣˮڵսƺõĳע룬Ȼڷٵţ̼˽һ
лǰ˽սʵһʵȻǶʵżغô
лųһĲ鿴ˮֳĻ档
ݺܼ򵥣Ǿս
л֪һУڰǰʮ굽ڣֻε뿪ҲǺܶݵʱ㱻Ȼȥոճ廹δֳսӦòǰһսӲʦԤδһĻϾδĲ˹ӲãϢǴųϢںܾԶеϢ
ǻϣͷ˴˶ţսţɷڵӣлɵͷ˶ԻһĻ
лѯʷ⣬⣬δش𣬶һ˽飬ǰǷһν˵޷Լģѯʣʱ龰лԹǿҵĻɣǰǰ˼ʹ岻ϵظ𣬲̵ɱżػɡ
˷սĻ棬ɵͷ˿˿ĺ⡣
ƶҲõ֤
лˮ˶ÿ·ˮ̶еˮڣˮһ˿΢ϵ
һֱлǴӶս۷弶㿪ʼףʼδɽ׵Һ̬ʼ
ʥԣлҺ̬ҪɽףŽսʣŻԽͻƣɽ׵ģľ֮ԵڻδɽףΪѾԽʮսʵļ𣬹ʶŻ˻ġ
ʱ˿̣ܵˮͷųϢӰ죬л͸еԼҺ̬ȻҪɱļ΢΢ţҺޱ޼ʵĴʶеţų˿˿ľ
ˢ
Ǿл壬Ȼֱûˮڣлıһľܣȴеǰ緢˾ޱ䣬ǰԶĳʱ
δĴڣȻվŸȴеӰ죬Ƶأ֮ŨŨĵ⡣
壬ˣ߿նţ·ޱ߼ʵɽӣԪҲĵزĴЩ滨ݣʥƷƷ洦ɼֻǷԲǧﶼûһֻħ޵Ĵڡ
սħ޸Ҵڸ
𣡡
һ춯صը졣
׷׵ķ࣬ǿǰʮ󷽱ǰǧʣǿߣ쳹أǸɽʼܲס޾׷׵Ŀ
˻
Ҳ֮ңԶķ󷽣Ҳķһȼգʹͬ۳һ壬һĴţҵȼš
ңԶķƺУŲʹ⻪أǺȻǷǿֲľŲʷЯĹΡ
һɱչˡ
Ұŭĳײ˺е׷׵ĺȥķ˷Ļ
һʱⲫսɱذѪȷ硣
Ƭ綼ʼѣɽˮǳ׹䣬޹⡣
һεεѪѪˮ
лΪ֮˲״ʧأͷһսǲʤɽ忪ʼռϷ磬ʮǧʵģսʵǱ̬
ǷһǿᣬǰȻԵҪѷɫһЩ
սΧˡ
Χ˷塣
лܵһĻĸȾ嶼ޱȿų˿˿Ƶ
һֶԺС
Ǳʮսƾۡ
뵱л״Դʮսƾۣǧֻأʱ䶷ǧֻѾɱΪʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹʱҲ򣻿ռ䶷ظǴﵽؿռӺһĵزҪãӵٿռСΨʮսƾʼûʲôչ
˷Ŀսһ˿ͷ
ǿͻ֣ᷢл۾ڣʮս·裬ƣһֻ۾Χ˷һĻʱţʼʧǧʣʵĿҲȻ仯ǧʲϵںһ𣬻ʮʣеʮսʼصںϡ
ڲ򶷼
ǷоǿңۿѵһսǷԺĶǰġ
۾ڵľصһлΧ㶯һǿ·ּܹ䣬سһ㣬ѹƵ˷Ҳ̼лŵų
·Խŵʱ䳤ӣ˴սе
ԭսǶȻͣ
ֻ߿֮Уһ̤߸һֻʰ쵵ķˣлһĻͷһ󣬲ȥ룬֪ӦþԶʥʡ


1615  ʥ֮ı
ֻˮڣ˵ܹĿðǰһЩܣͬһ㣬ɱϾʱ䣬ЩĴڸܲĴڣԶʥ٣Ծлоһ˿Ī𶯣ЩСĽ±ֵĸоϾԶʥʿɲͨľͷĴڡ
˵˼ͷԶͨŲʷ˵ͷԼħͷǿĴڣվڽ۷壬ôԶʥʾվ֮ϣ̤Ĵڣݴţǵõʷ˵õĲִмʾԶʥʿ̤ؼһǳԽЩͷĵȼˣǺεȵľ磬κ˶޷ݵĳ
лһС
֪пܿ̽һЩܣ֤ԼһЩƶϣҲܵõ֪ء
˵࿴ûõܲ⣬֪˼ͷҪʥǵΪ˼磬ٿʼ࿴ûõĶͳͳϵͻóһЩˡ
ĸĽ
Զʥʷ˽ԭΧ˷ʱͣЪսֹͣ
ңԶƲ㴦һ޴Ӱ֣ͬʵĴڣǧףبؼ䣬ѹʮ
󷽵ƲͬǾŲʹ⻪գһǧ֮ߵľ޴Ųʷ˵ӰҲ֣ǶԶʥʵͻȻ¶ע̬ȡ
漴ͼԶʥʿڡ
лȴ
ɵһ㶣漴ŻȻˮڣӦԶʱĳһλϴܰʦԤ⵽һĻŶԣȻλʦվԤԶʥʣͷȳڣܽһжԤġ
лҲ
ܹ϶һЩǵѾ㹻ˡ
Ҳ֪Զʥ˵Щʲôսͷսҷ׷ȥûƬ̣ⷽڣָ
ʷҲԶʥҪ뿪ǾŲʷڵķȥؼʣԶʥˣԼĿĴأЩͷʬ嶼ѾߣѪڣ˴˽㡣
ʱлоԼڵһؼһ΢ĲʹˮζƱˮϴһ㣬øӵ
леԼ·ĴԽţԽʱ䳤һ㣬ʱǸԼƺһеܹ̺еϵˮҪսǽеͷŵָˮڵлʦδء

һε̾Ϣ
Զʥ¶ɫĿصѪˮЩѪɢÿһѪͷİڡ
ЩҪԵġһϵ
л㿴ԭԶƲ֮еһСԼʮ׵ĳȣͨ嶼ǽɫƬ˸ŶĿĹʣȴһ꣬ʵ塣
ҿһ̣л㾪гǺȻʣö۵Ľɫһ޶ͬһģ̳ġ
һĪڴлͷ
пܻģԶʥʿ꣬Щĵ˵
¶һĨȻЦ⣬ԴԴ֮ʼѾŴνѣÿζĽѣնɹŴνѣﵽ֮ʢȴܵطԼѾǼʢȻֻǶ˼һ֮ȴһħ壬һܣҪõħɺɨһУŴνѻʢͬʢ˥ȥӭ˥֮ƣڰ֮󣬻Կܣܻ
ǰŴνѣķȻڲͬԶʥ˵
ΪۿĿκõ۷Ȼ˥ܣ㲻˭ҲԸı䣬µҲеʵԵɡĵ˵ﵽ۷壬ؽعʱһʮ꣬бؽ𣬽һ硣
⵽ΪʲôԶʥʺ߽ĵ
̾һ޷ı飬ʱԻ͵ʱǿܹǿиıطĵزѾƻڵĸһԽǸޣؽ´Ӵ࣬ħޣĴڣ縲ٴδﵽʢԾܵطԼͺˮʹҪһ㣬ƻˣһоͶˣǱǰ׼һ֣ıһС
ɣ֮ңܡԶʥʵ
ֻҪȥʧܣֻ˭ܳΪʤߣȴѱ֤˼ͷͷǵħͷһʧȥ壬ȻΪ˳Ϊʤ߶ıţϧһд۵ģֻ֪ݱ䵽ֵز
ԶʥʿܲƱǰľһ˿Ц⣬հհգ˼ʤҲգʤҲգħʤҲգվǿԽ࣬ħ޵ȸΣգȻ߻һУȻҪΪ˼ʤŬˡ
Ȼа취֤˼ʤ
Զʥҡͷ֤˼ʤҿϾҲδĿԽͨ۷徳磬ҿһ£뿪֮սһʼͱǿнӳһٶʱ䣬˼һ޴Ļڡ
û˼Դ£˼˽ܵ飬ǿߵ䣬ǵѪȵ˼磬ʹ˼ط̥֮ʱ򣬾ܵӰ죬δɾͷǷÿʮͿܵһͨ۷弶ľͷӳٰ꣬˼ܹܵɨ͵ħˣð취Ҳʩչѹ͵ħ磬޷һͨ۷弶ľͷ
ǰƷ壬Ǹ˲صĴۣ֮ķѪȻҼģʥǰԺп⵽ıҵħʷˣһҲվʥ岻ΣĻΣˡԶʥʵ
Цû׼ֻоʥа˽֪طǿĻκһ綼޷κڣ˭֪ʥأѾº֣ʱ䣬ʥ֮ԴĸʱֻҪ岻̫Ȼɳɾʥ֮Դһʥ֮Դͣٶ޿赲ģ
ԶʥȻʧЦҵˣʥʵ΢ȴİڣǰȴ׼ããڰٶ˼ʤļʽҲѾ˼ˡ
һһ꣬ӴЦ
лԭ뿴ԶʥʺҪЩʲôģȴǻģҲܵĳżһ㣬Ʈ»ع鱾壬˫ĿлһһЩ顣


1616  ľ֮
ͷ彻飬ǴӰǰʼģӣΪԶʥ˿ڶòȡѪȻ岻ʹ˼Ʋߵģõ˷ѪȴҲļޡ
˿ڣէƺЩ˼飬ϸһ룬лˣǵʱﵽһĵز޷ɣټȥ޷̫ǿΪ˽⣬Զʥʺµһľ֡
Ҳ˵ľ֣ĴıԶʥµģֻ˭Ҳû뵽ֲûаԶʥȥһʼԶʥڵĺųǿʥʼģһ̣лܻɣǷзһӰӣҲˣӦռƵ˼һ·磬ΪռԶʥʵǸ֣һı
Զʥʺ˵׽Σ֣յʤƺҪõǳĳɹ˼ͷͷ͵ħͷŻ᲻ϧһд۵ĳ֣ҪӶʤʵ
ֵֻĿʲôлȴ֪뵽۵ĽɫӦþʵ꣬ȫָ֪ˣҲżһȷǾԶͨȵȣǵĿҪıȡԶʥֵʤʵΪ˼磬ΪԼ
֪һ㣬лѹеǹɲ޲̹ࡣ
ȻΪ˼磬ΪԼߺߣл߲ѣȻƽϣʥܱΪһ֮˽ͳ
бǣ۷žŲʷˣôڱȻоŲʷ˼ͷ֮һĴڣôʹʹʥڴսʱ̣һʥʾ磬춨ʤ֣֣ȡʥصػ޽룬ܵģصлһֱÿͼ֮׷գڿǷɵİɣ
оǰٴļ󣬽⵽ʹԵĴ˭ɵģѵһʹ˹Ȼ֣ʱעΪʲôӪȣϾǾ壬޷ǩԼҲǷһ飬ɵϲŲԸ⣬Ϊʲôûжֻ֣ǲ֪λ᲻֪˷˭
βӦöŽܵϵ
壬
лºʮ㣬뵽ν˼һоٶ͸е֮ڱУȻĻ˭֪ЩѵϹǿʹʲôֶأ
Զʥʵľ֣󵽵ʲôʤʵأȻͷΪ֮񡣡л鲻Խ뵽ĸĿģνʤʵǿҵȤ
˼ֿܵʱǽˮڵսʼعлڣһӾлѹ˶ʤʵĲ²⣬ϲĲԼս
ս
֮ǰлֻǴﵽ˽սʵһ֮˵Ǹոտ˽սʲõأ
л΢һۣЦսȻﵽӽ˽ս۷弶ĵزȻһĲ࣬ȻԶˣһ΢ıչأͿﵽ˽ս۷弶ľ硣
лϲѡ
ǰˮһ˿嶯Ҫսٶȴͽȥˮȴκε֮ǰĻ棬Ҳûг֣ˮԾɽ׳Ƶ龰·˼綼һ㡣
Ƶõ˱ʤʦҪܽλøҳǾ͸ˡлˮռָ׼͸ƣ⽫ƺʦԾʤ֮һ
лת
ֻȻƯǳ鶯ˮ͸һ˿ʥ֮⣬˸˿Ϊ֮Բѡ
΢Ц촽䶯ƺǰˮϵ͸壬ѵˮҲǹһУĶϣʹĶٵɱ䣬ΪҲٵš
ʱ䲻ˮ㳹ױɣƱЩ
лķʵ½ӽս۷弶ˣʵǴɵˮսȻӵľס
ַֻɣںˮƬˮˮˮˮĴˮ㻯Ĵڣ·ţٿţصƮɣͬһ˿
ƺˮİлɻ
Ȼ˫ȻһЦˮѾ˽׵ıԵںˮ飬ԳΪˮ֮ҲΪܹȻһˮˮȻһɱ䣬ɾͼ֮ˮЦٻ⣬գգۣʦҵģ˵Ǽ֮ˮˮļޣҲܹյļޣĺء
ˮ֮ģƺҲԡл뵽ˮã֪ںˮ飬ˮпܳΪǿļ֮ˮ
˴˷Ǹá
лӽ˽ս۷弶Ϊͻͽﵽս۷弶ľ磬ϴˮս߽սʼɵֵġ
ٴط
ûзʲô뿪˴˵أǲԭ·أֱӴõˮĵطֱġ
ˮԼܹ⴦ʾгˮڵġ
ǾˮϣлĶͨ︽ûʲô˺ͺ޵Ĵڡ
ˮƽ棬ǲŷ֣һõԺһСˮڣ˴о˵صϢԾˮԵԪΪģ֮ǰĵطҲ١
Ӧаʥڲˡ
лЦӦòˣţҲûءܣڵĵطӦаʥĵԺڣһڴ滹һƺǺ԰̨ˣԵúݳ޻Ҷаʥ漴лͺа
Ҳѿڶа
˶һۣԼͬаʥȥ
аʥͬͷųһ˿˿лĸоǳϤɲͨеϢϢл裬׵еϢҪ⡣
˸˼ӿٶȽаʥ
аǸݷаһ壬ܹɾ;Ųʷ˵ĶǰǧѵһģϾͨķǸ磬ʵһַǳѵ飬ԲŻаĵֻҪаﵮгһգȻܹɾ;Ųʷ˵ľ磬ھŲʷսҲǳġ
ааĵͨγɵģֱҪͬĿޱȣаﻹҪ̰ٱʶа֮˵ֻδʵ֮˵
񶸼аʥᵽϢле˼ѣ˱Ĳаʥ


1617  аɱ䡾һ
֨֨
аʥűƿ
һɹӲϢźص˸еݶ·һԶ˯Улеһ˿˿Īļ£һҪ֤δаĳ嶯
Ż
ʥڵľҲظ˵С
˵ռؼ㣬۴ʮǴɵӣÿһӶһ״ϸʮ׵ĸ߶ȣǵƼ֮Ӱݺؼ䣬ˣž֮ƣǾǾŴʥݱɵŴͬѹأͬһĻ죬ѹһ
𣡡
һͻأ
·ԶʱĳĲĵĸоʥеͼ·һӱע㣬ˣɢɵϢ
һǿѹ
л׵壬һ΢ĴڣһҪ˺ĸо޿ɵֵ
лаһҲ޷ֵ
˾֮ʣһɵϢǵɢϵǽӽʵϢֵĸһͨˮɫĿλõӰȻ裬ˮʥӰֻڵˮʥʽš
лϣ֮
Ǹһ޽ӽľ޴ӰǱһɾ͵ʣֻҪû⣬سɾϾ磬֪飬Ϣеѹá
ϢԭͬɽѹٿȻʧ·΢磬˸еޱȵУδʲôȻһֱһĸоޱȵļлֻһۣɶ϶΢ϴʾȻֱƴĵز
壬лǰ㾳磬Ѿʼͨ壬ĥʹܴﵽĸ߶ȣû뵽ֻһ΢ӹﵽླ磬̶ֲȺεȿ£
аʥҲһĪĸо
лҲоһ˿΢Сı仯䲻ǿңҲһЩ仯ģöػ֮ܣƺעһƵء
лǣ΢ȻսһЩ΢ı仯
սԴɱɣǶ߱Ƶ֮ǿҪٶȽףȴô򵥵ģлս˵е֮ǰǸǰĳλݵ׹̣ǲȱȫģܿһС֣ħɱħͨ϶ʱѾݵħ磬ŨϢҲӴ޷ﵽսյҪûʸսɣеսѾﵽ˷ǳĵزҪٶȽףѣѣ籾Դ֮͵ħ籾Դ֮δܹһ˿Ľס
˿̣ʥһ΢Ȼлսһ˿仯ļе˷ܡ
˶裬Ҽǲ͵ģδɾҲǷǷģǲаʥûܵѹоУƻعԼļУһ㣬ǵĸо
л̤ǵ滭֮ϣ̼䣬ǰ緢˾ޱ䣬·ͷųϵ
ݣѹ硣
ĿУϻΣ֮һиף֮ϣХƺǽأ֧Ƭص߿ۣ֮ŴΣѹ磬ĪҲӣһлͷ
һֱΪ϶
ݵ
δйĸоͷл·ϵĴڣʣؼ䣬ĳݣ˼֮񣬶ʱһһĳݣаĲΰݡ
ͻͻ
һƵĽâ֡
ռָڵöٶȷлܣöͬһ߶ȣ˴ӳһߣƺһʸֳ
𣡡

л۾ڳһĻۣлȻվؼ䣬ͷ죬Ųȴأͬһֻ£Χݷ
ٿȻ䣬л۾
һɹϢѣѸٵɢ˷һϢȻ۳һΪǿߡ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬л˫ĿⱬһХ˷»һعл塣
һԵƵ
лĿǴġ
һ䳤ͨ岢޶£Լսа˾ŷֵƣְֻͨĽɫ·𴿽ɵġ
սʥսģаսΪɵġ
˵̤׶Ƕ˵ľʥ֮Ӱɢεѹ

лǰٻڴһ
л
аʥӲǽӽʸѹ͸ߵϵлʱ˿̵뷨
Ǳǰа
л̤һ̣ܹ֮򣬴ݣƾϢлϵϢöǿд߶ĵ¡ʥȳֱöлĶȻͨлĻᣬ߻а
лԣϵǲ˵
СףҾΪлЦ
Сף
лǰӰ¶һ˿΢ЦǰС֮ǵǰ׻ʱΪлȡ֡
ȴûеõˮʥһЩ뷨ϾˮʥͰĲ̫޴޷ҲĿлħҪʲô
Ƿƿһѹµһѹǧ֣岻ڣǲŴ̼˰ˮʥǵԽУʱҲͨѹǵĴм䣬ѾΪ֮壬ԿԽõĴм͸ңҲ˲ż仯Ҷݵġл˵
ǴмʲôɴĿȤĵ
лһָǼս񣬡
һ䣬лȻһϢͬǰ㣬ϢתΪһݵʩչḶ֮́ǰһ仯ǿ죬˷ʲôʱ䣬ʩչȻǿġ
˵аѹڴ˰֮ãҪҪ֮л˵С׸ҵĴмУἰаʱ֮еһ֮Դ֮ע˼ΪսµڣںѪԶʥ֮Ѫɱɾ͵аҪܹ֮Ƶɾа
εȴϻۣһӱ׹ô˵ֻдħݲܹаҲ˵֮⣬еڶܹаˣ
лЦһͷǣ


1618  аɱ䡾
ѻȥ֪꣬Ȼ統еҲڵˣҪʱµаȴ֮
ΰ죿
Ψвݵлɴ˻ᣬ뵱ʹʥʳݶݣ˼֮ԣԴΪжνĵʥʱһһӰ񣬴Ӷлݴ˼չʱʩչݣȻ߱а֮
ˣаؿɽ
һеĸԴܹðϧԿԵɣΨлһ˷а
ݣлһץӰһٵĻл֮ϣ漴һ
һ޴Х
л·˰ȭһ㣬ǽӲӵХųа
䣡
ײаһ̣ɫȻѣĽ⣬аΧ
˶ѡ
л״һ漴ЦҪаҲô򵥵鰡
㶼˵ܼ֮ڵľ磬ӳܹ㡣ֹ
Ǿȫһл
Ҳûܹɵаǰ򵥣аҲᱻڴ˰δˡ
ȭף񵶡
ϱͳͳлУսӿȣʮòˣܿǹѹ
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лվԼֶ˳
ƾ޶Ϊںݣлӽ˽ս۷弶ʵǿʩչҲֻһںݵ
񵶸߾٣ֹ֣֮ϡ
лĿ侫âа
ն
񵶱ƣͬһҪֿ磬ںݵȻն¡
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а֮ºȻ飬渡һö˶Ǿа̺بа
֮а棬ɢɵӰ׷׵͸аڡ
лҲ֮յ
ͬʱлֵİˮʥӰҲ¶һ˿ţڴ֮ɫ
ģлѾˣаֻܷܿԼˡ
õṩ΢ĽԺԲƵ֮аػζ˼£һλðɫҫţ͸УаıҲչֳһɵĹʡ
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һӰ֡
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Ȼδȴڰ꣬ȻܵƣȻʵͨ죬ӵĪ
аһһϵɵĹʽ
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Ҳ֪ȥ೤ʱ䣬һûл棬аɳһѷ졣
ˮʥģӰʱ¶һĨϲ
֮ǵӰʼøģܿʧӰ٣лԼϵƺҪˡ
ǣǣǡ
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ
һ׶ߵľ޵һѷ죬ͷųһɹɵŨ֮аΪǰһ޵еĴˣɴ˿ɼаǷаﵱ֮ͬ
꣡
һ춯
а飬һ׶ߵалǰ
аսǳƣֻǽɫģȴս֮Ĳࡣ
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а׷һ춯صɲǼ䣬лͿǵϵʥһӰͳͳų貵Ĺ⻪һĹ߷ֱͶаڡ
֮ͿаѸٵ׳
ԭֻһ׶ߵ̼䱩׵ĸ߶ȣڸոճʱֻ൱׼սʼˣһ׼սʼѾԽܴﵽļޣаԽ̬ٶѸ͵
գۼ䣬аɢϢȻлоļ¡
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֮ˣ㣬аûѾ֪꣬жĵƬ
Ҫ֪ĵǣҲܹǿսʼģаǰڴ˵ȴѾ֪ж䵰һȥĺ˵ǷֱӿԽʮսʾ磬޶Ҫʰ·ġ
аȴûô
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һͿЩƬ׷׵ı飬ɵĹλƮһ͸һתһֽʥڡ
Щת룬·Щĵܣͼһӱעһ㣬ɢһ˿˿΢Ϣ
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ֻʼմڳ˯УˣҲδѹ֪˷˯ζʲô
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Ӱһ΢꣬ЯԹеϢѸٵڷɣ꣬ʵ壬ֱӴԽаʥڿնȥ
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ƽĴҲһӷˡ
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귭תڿա
˼˶գѹ˼һĻͬص龰ֻոӵ𺳣Ƹӵҡ
˷仯ʱ˻
Ϻ򣬱򣬶к´½ÿһطһ
𣡡
ΪкȻ׵ʰʱǿֱӳ߿ա
ľٶ׷׵ĳˮʥŮսͷƽʥбȵȣɫͳͳգΪء
ݣ
ǴаʥڳΪǿһ꣬˦Ʊã˲Ϣǧֱӳʵڡ
õǰĳһǿߵ룬ʰ̷ɱ䣬ԭֻǰ֮壬δɽף֮伴ɱ䣬ͷųΪϢ
ɱ䣬ɾ֮塣
𣡡
׳Хǰ׷׵ӿŸԸȥ
忪ʼԵľޱ䡣
Ŀһб仯ĳ˵ϲϵһųһ棬ףʾĵļȲƽи˸׹⡣
֣ҿûһ°ɣ˵Ҫ˼磬ǳֶȫɱ䣬·һľһҪɨˡһϷЦƾճڷ˵࣬Це˵
ߵ½ػѵͲɱ𣿣


1619  а֮˵һ
ڷߵһȥԼʮӣĿ࣬쳣Ľ˶һϮɫļͨ巺һ㵭ɫ⣬䲻
ִ˻սӵĵ
Цװ֪˼𣿡ƺɱ䣬ȴ޷ӣʮֵķŭ˵Ǻòģ¶ԷǴ½ػߣҲȻлѵ½ػ߾ûµȨ𣿡
ƲƲ죬սӵĵ˵
֮ţۼ츳С㣬ƾңҲδؼ˼ҵһ롣˵
ЦҲ̫߿˰ɣսߵ
߿ԳԶ֤ͨģΪд츳ԶͨģΨһܹлƴģ趼ҪѷɫһߵģΣ
⻰սɫ쳣ѿ
л˵츳Ǳս֪ģ֮ǰȴǲ֪ġ
˼˵ųСħлŮˣҲʥƿ֮һлնΪ½ػߵƿߣ˵лǷδ֪ѾˣǴ½ػȨߵҲǰõϵģҪȡλãҲûôףΪʥǣǱȻ֧Ȩģɱ䣬ʵʱͬѡ
սӵɫ÷ǳѿ
ãս˵Ǿǰɵĵ츳ٸߣҲҪʱȥɱҡС
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ߣսһҵȻð˽뿪˵أˣʥǵ飬лѾ֪ˣҴ˵Ǵ½ػ֮أҲѾ֪˱ضǰʱа취
˿սӣٶԡ
ϾûάźܴԹ϶лȴֻܿлһɳлɳʷ÷˶Щķһδİȫɱ䣬ͬΣյڡ
ս뿪֮󣬷ϵһ֣ЩõɱǱȥĿֻһܹɵ͸ɵ
ı仯䶯˼硣
аʥڣͬһ˿΢ı仯
ֹͣɳаһɫĹΣлƽڽһ㣬ȥǳĶĿ
ͬһ˿΢аϵ
а̺֮ģԶƷͺлս˵ĶžԵơ
һ˿˿΢ɢл
˱ͬʱеԼʼɱ䡣
仯ΪԵĻǶˣõһ˿΢ںϣ䶷Ѹٵɱ䣬ɲǼʹﵽսļǶıĸ߶ȣֹ֮ͣɱ䣬ָ˳̬
лս仯ǳ΢
ԭսǶ֮߱࣬һ˿ڣսб仯䲻࣬Ҳȷһߣﵽİ˱ĳ̶ȡ
лȻĿа
ܲ򵥣аĿл¶һ˿㵵ı飬ǰǰԶʥѹ֮󣬿ҾеԶһ˼ǰ˼絫Ͼߣͳͳӡߣȴܹ˵زܲ򵥡
˵аոƵж˼ʱڰǰӺԶʥʻйлҲǶһֱĿ
սɳǰһλġܹǿԼսһֵалûϾƺҲûʲô壬ͽĻ򵥵˵һ顣
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лҲе㲻ԾˣаǾ߱ʱһһ֮žеа֮ȻҲֻսӶ߱õ˱ѣħЫͳ޾еΣˡ
а˵ħЫͳ޾ǴԼҲܹͨλǸûʸսҵа֮Ҳôһ㣬ףҪ˼籾Դ֮ħ籾Դ֮籾Դַ֮ǳıԴ֮ţԶʥʵãҲһסľôܵõ֮֮֮ľӦҲܹսõһĽ׵ġ
лǰָ㡣ллܹ֪Ķлܹս׵ġ
սԽ󣬶İȻԽġ
а֪ƺܶ࣬л̲סҪѯһЩ飬Ժпٵ˼һЩ⡣
аתС
ǰʲôԸ
ݣҲ֪Ҵ߶ʱµһһһ뵱ڵʱ򣬸Ӧ˼磬жɱ˷ǳأҶۼڶ򡣡а˵
һߵ½ػ߹ȻҪƿ֮ˣ
аĿɲ֪ʲô½ػߡ
ڴ½ػߣлȻֻһ򣬾뵽˷֮٣Ϲǿ۶Ϊ˲òǰȥͷ˾ۼôڶ򣬵ʲôĿģеʥǵҪˡ
Щ飬лֻԺڸĵһЩԶʱڵȻаԶʥйҲӦ֪һЩġ
ǰܷ֪һЩԶʥʱ顣лʵ
а֪Ĵ󲿷鶼ʱģԶʥʱ֪Ĳࡣ΢һ٣˵ʱģ֮ԵʵΪԷ壬Ǹݷаİһܹôʥֻҵĳ־ȻʱѾӿİʹʱʧȥƵ˳ĳ˯Уֱ֮ұԶʥʻѡ
ܹ֮ңΪʵ걻Զʥʸȫռ۶Ϊʵ˷Ųʷ˶вϾԴӵһ֮δڶʣʱԶʥҵңҲռʱһһһ꣬ΪĵڶԻʱĵ׼ܲ⣬ѯʹֻ֪Ҫ׽Σ
ΣлˮڶѾˣǴﵽߵͨ쾳ǿ̫࣬ԴޣһͻؽĳױӴ࣬ħ޵һ壬Զʥʲµһ֣ν磬ħ磬˼ǿߵı˴˷ӡƣԶʥڵġ
֮أлʵ
аȻĿһл׷ΣлӦѾ֪ˣоԶʥԭ׼ֵУ˼ģʱ̣֪ʲô˼ǿ߸͵ħ磬Ϊ˱ҵİȫǰҰҲҵʱ״̬Ǳ˷֣ܻȡҵļ䣬ƻļƻ鶼ûиң֮Ҿʧȥһϵ
˼ǿ߸磿
𰸴ɾͶˡ
лˮҲˣԶʥʺ׼˼ǿߵģȻת˼ǿǡ
뵽ʥ壬뵽лӵĶ϶Զʥֵаĳֲɸ˵Ľɫ


1620  а֮˵
һл˵ԾǸգѾлڵ˵λˣȷĿľԲΪ˼磬ҪôǸӣҪôǵĿУ˳˼ˣ˵ףΪһ֮˽ġ
ԽˣлԭѹĵҲɢࡣ
ӿΪʥǿǡ
лаϸĽ
а֪޲ԣ˵лΪһл裬е֪ʥ֮Դǽ飬лޱȡ
л֪
˵ԶʥܹΪǸʱϵĵһˣȷľŴʥľöۣҲԶʱľöۣԶʥʿһ˵ģԶʱľöʱǰǺųƹһµİ塣
оԶʥҲþŴʥưµ֣¾ۼµľöۣٶȾۼһġ
ԶʱһЩܻ˵Ǹʱ֪飬лͨаҲˡ
һһ漰˴˵ص⡣
Զʥ˷ӡֻǶбã֮ͨ۷徳Ҳ޷аܵģʥˮϵǽаʥٺаյʥˮϵа˵
лһ£û뵽аյķչ׳ȻΪʥˮԵʡ
ǰ֪ʥˮʲôʱ뿪Ĵ˵أȥʲôط𣿡лʵ
һٶǰɡаش
һٶǰаյʱ
лʱһ
̾һа粻иʲôѪӡǰʥˮ屻ӡ⸽ķϢսǿʢһһǧǰȡϵұԶʥµǧǰʥˮܵ˵вһЩֶΣʥˮǧʱڷʮҽԶʥ츳һ壬ʥˮǰﵽʮսо֮࣬˾һĿӣҪʥˮ壬ʱǡаյ⵽֣֮һΪ˲ʥˮ屻ƣٴʹԶʥʵȻǹصǹҲʥˮ䣬ҵİܵȺǱ뿪ˡ

лûȥ˼֪˭ˡ
ǰ֪˭𣿡лʵ
аֹ
лĵǰĿԶͨ
аȻ֪ģ
漴лͽı˵˳ʥǵͷĹעȻԼȡԶʥµǸֵʤʵԻ˼硣
Ȼô˵ԶʥҪˣҲΨǽӽԶʥʵʸܹԵĽƣͷųһЩаߵѹҵ͸оôϤô죿
ʥ̫ʱ䷢չ׳Ҿʵ֮ǰ̣ǵļƻ£Ŭ׳Լȡͷչ»ȥʱˣΪУҲϧл
аЦã˵úãΪҲϧ־ܣ
徳лһ޶Ϊĵ˾Ƿ壬Ųʷ˾ƿ֮һ
עҪʥһ顣
ȻҪҪһǰ֪ʥˮаյڵأлʵ
Ȼ֪ǰǰ뿪ԾܵѪӡвģԶʥµ͵һغڵġаЦʱ䣬Ȼ޷˿ʮսʣ𾳽磬ʮսʵӦһ̶ȵӡ
лһǰ⻰
ܹʱﵽʮսʣôһʱˣͨö˼类µƣЩ˱ȻܹɵسԽʮսʣ𾳽磬ﵽͨ쾳磬ûпܵģʱ򣬱Ȼǿʥ翹ʱ
ʥˮӵһʥˮܹһЩ壬γ׵ִڣţ֮ǰҲ˵Ǹʲôõ׵壬ʥˮҲɴﵽЧҲʥˮܹ˼类µӡ£ﵽʮսʵģٻˣҲ˵ʥˮܿʮϵʮսʡа˵
ʮʮսʰ
лǽһ˷ܣҪ֪ǺųߴһĴҲòʮսʵģʥˮصҲģǵµģһܹ֮ɨ˼ȴ˰ɡ
ЩĵʱоĽ֣һܹﵽŽսʵģһӡ֮󣬳ɾ𾳽磬⣻ʮսʾԶԳԽ𾳽磬ﵽ粻ѣǷԴﵽͨ쾳磬Ͳȷˡа˵ţˣаյЩӳĲָУҲһЩ츳ߵģͬҲˮԣǲ⣬Ҳܵһʮսʡ
̫ˣ
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аʥˮаյֱȻʥǣʱʥǵϣѹ£ȥˡ
ǰʮս֮Ͼ𾳽𣿡Ҳѯʡ
ԣ𾳽磬֮ԳΪǴﵽǸ磬һ˵õȹ̣㿴ڵʮսʣԾе޸֮Ƽ޷ȫϵģ𾳽ȹͬľ׮棬ײᱻȡȥģǳ磬ﵽ磬ĺһӶܹǱɱ߻ħģϾͨ쾳磬νͨǾ߱ͨ쳹֮ܣǿ˵ͷ˼ͷ͵ħͷͨ۷徳磬󾳽ÿһ綼ǷΪλλλ۷壬ΪֹֻԶʥʵͻͨ۷徳ĸ߶ȣ˼Զͨص ͷͨͨ۷ǿ߸߳һߣҲǸ߳һߣһߣȴͷǿʮҲδܹ׷ϵġаϸһ¾Ļ֡
Դл֪һϵ֡
ʮսΪ𣬳ͨ󾳽硣
ͨ۷֮Ǳ߾𣿡лĵ
аû߾ͨ۷֮һҲֻǴﵽͨ۷徳磬Ҳû˳Խ磬ųͨ۷֣ͬ޷ԽԶʥҲûֻҪﵽͨ۷徳磬ˡ
һҪﵽлսȭͷΨдﵽͨ۷徳ܹƿԼˡ
Ҫﵽͨ۷壬Ҫʵ츳ˡа˵
лһۣһȻ츳
аûҪ־֪ľŲʷˣаɱģֻͨķˣƾһĳɳﵽͨ۷ľŲʷ˾ģ츳˵ʵκʱķ¶ŲϺţ˵ͷǳУһǺţģһһࡣǸˡ
ʦ
ʦ
ͬʱѿڽе


1621  ɱ֮ױһ
лʦȻ츳ƽƽ־ųɳа˵ܳɾͨ۷徳硣
ٳлԤ֮⡣
ǵжϣһֱøлʦ츳ء
Ǹ˵츳ĺһ㣬ҵжϣﵽսʾǼˣǵʱ򣬷ѾǾŽսʣӦĳطʮսʾ磬Ѿɹ˰ɡаֻϧδаʥȻһܹġ
аʥйϵ˲ſлʦûģȻ޷
ǰ֪˼ڱӡϾĸж𣿡лҪжһ
˵Բٵġаһ˵ϾԶʥʱͳ൱֮ģڵ˼磬ǽƣһʱ䣬»ᵮͳ˲ˣǧҲһﵽͨЩˣ˵ʥҪȥ·ңԶ
ңԶ
Ҳδأл뵽սع˺аżʵǢ飬Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
аżڿϹʥʱʵľڣֻҪʥתƽȥʮڣضܹɾͣʮڻĻᣬʮδûзʤ
ȻлҲֻǽתƽаżڣзգкƿŵϹܾǸܾѪϹµġ
洴󷨣Ծ£ؼױȵռ䣬ӡ󷨵ȵȣһܹõģʥǷͳͳõģЩһܹøۺĶѵܼʥǵķչ׳
δûһʤ㡣
ǰʲô£ԶʥûиһЩöһһģɷǿɰ
лԣҲһڴ
ҵȴѯܾˡаЦ
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аûС

лһʧΪܹʲôöװʥء
ͼаһЦܹԶʥʿռĶҲǼ֮ȼģĶʥˣΪ˷ֹµǸ֣˴˷ӡԷӶңҲûʲôҵĵʱСǻϲ
а֮ǰܹٿصĿԶʥµǺεȵĶͨķƷ
ʲôȥѽ
аЦȥ
һСˮأһ˸͹ε񽣣ˮصı棬һȼš
Ϊа񽣣аյʥˮں϶ɵΪսʼ񽣣Զʥµɹģֻʥˮ񽣱ЩԳɾ͵ȫ񽣣߱аյԣʶΪа񽣣ˮԵģСѽܷҪɡаЦ
еı鲨ֻһ񽣣Ȼ޷а
а񽣣ʱЦĽëҪˡ
аͺһа񽣼̵С
սʼ񽣶ԵģҪһ̣аУ̼ϵˮ֮ģһʹɫʸϣĸа񽣡
ԭ˼ֻǱаѹƵа̰һ׵Ľ
ˮ֮ģκһͻսʼˮǢġа˵
ἰлɵѯʵǰսʼǿ𣿡
ǵǣʱǰгԽսʼıڣΪͨ켶ֻּԴʱԺ󣬾Ҳûܹˣڹͨ켶Ƿ񻹴Ҳ֪Ͼʱ˽磬֮ǿͨ۷ǿ߶бɱļ¼ο˵алеǰƺͨ켶ǱǿĴڣҼеͨ켶ƺ޹
ں󷨣ҵں϶ɵġл˵
а֮ǰἰǰһֲţȻԿ󷨡
ǵģġл㽫˵һ飬֮⣬񵶻ΪΪǿ飬ҲеĹġ
а˵֣ȻӦǹؼؼǸ󷨣Ҳ²ⲻĻǸ󷨺ܿںıԼռĸȻǷҲǴﵽа񽣵ĵزҪɵ֮ǰδﵽսʼĵز߽ϣɾڵͨ켶񵶣Ǹ󷨵󣬿ÿһŶ̺ء
л˵ҲԵͷпˣǹŰ
ֻϧѾˡ
Ȼл˵ǻ£Ͼ壬С
У񵶻ڿʼҪٵΣڣΪҪնɱͨ۷弶ǿߣΨְ취һһ𱬷ݻ٣⸶Ĵǰ࣬ħ޵һһǾζеۼ磬ҲΣգϾԶʥʵľδ֮ǰðյ飬û˭ԸȥģǾֻʣһְ취ͨ켶Ψɱͨ۷ǿߵĻᡣал˵ͨ켶ֻѾʧ٣ٵΨ֪Բͷرעħľͷ˼ľͷǶرĹģԼδĵ·ԶʥҪѰٱǧ򱶲ֹ
Ψͨ켶նɱͨ۷弶һλͨ۷弶õ񵶣ͬȼĸɱĳɾΨҶĵλأ
лЦԶ֮ͨҲЩڱ¶°ɣҲԵõء
ڼѣҲȥл
ҲЩġа¶һĨʽ΢ЦҺ̬ɽףҿ԰£ɣţҵĹ۲죬Һ̬ǿߵľҺ̬ģȫӳĨɱǿߣȻҪضΪҲﵽ磬Ļᡣ
лϲǰҺ̬Ľף
аӦⲻԶʥµ󲿷ֱɱˣʣµӦÿġ


1622  ɱ֮ױ
Һ̬һɽףлٶӵþԽսʸˣҪ֪Һ̬ǿߣ޷ӳȫܹðٷ֮һƺɨʮսʣҲǲܵġ
лܲܡ
ؼǣһҺ̬ɽףʱټ̵ٱıòһݽȥᷴ
ʱѾƿа񽣡
趯а񽣣оһţɷˣа񽣱ĽݺԿսʽ
ڰҺ̬֮ǰ㿴ܷƿаסа˵
лˮȼյĻ棬ûлԣѿơ΢һ٣뵽а顣
лߵŮУԲ˵ǵõһױԴ֮Ѿȫɱ䣬ʣµľаˣͬǻԵġ
һ뵽а飬͸оһӰֳ
ǺȻа顣
үа׽ɣɱٶȼǿһЩа˵
а֣лɵһϲ漴ɫ΢䣬ľ磿
ѾȹˡаЦ
ЦȴлоΣΪаľȹǾŽս۷弶֮ǰаڳʮսʵģܾսƣΪ˻òаǿֹͣתû뵽վǶаž޴Ӱ죬ɱͻʮսʵĻᡣ
ܾս
뵽ˣлɱ
ҲаʧȥʮսʵĻᣬĻаʮսʣҪ൱ʱޣŻлġ
ΪүаҲĵġалͨȻ֪лʲô뷨˵лȫһ˿ܵǾֻаˡ
лһ˿Цݣģһ㾡ʮսʼġ
үа˵ü䷺һ˿˵ɫʣ֪᲻Ϊүеһء
һ
лһűˣаеνһȻ϶ˣ϶л֮ǲ㴰ֽڵڶνʹʥʱͱˣôҲ˵а˼ǡ
һֱла鵱սĴڣֱʱźȻа鲻ǵսˣѪŮˣҼ̳˼룬ʣ˶˽̡
үڿʼɡаЦ
лͷ㽫ԼȨаƿء
ƿл壬аȻл˵ʷ˱仯۾һȼյ档
аһʱоˡ
ла֮㿴аٿԼ˫ֱ仯ƣʳָ˸һĨĹΣСˮڵаһ㡣
ž
Щˮа׼£һССĺԲĴڣˮ棬лʳָ档
漴леаٵţʳָ淺ĹâԽԽǿʢأеĻͱֳ亮ǣȶ壬Ƚ˸еޱȵļ¡
ɱ쳣Ŀֲﵽ˽սʲܹӳȫɨɱһںаףɾ͸ֲлڴȵҺ̬ɽףȫµɱ䣬
Сʱ֮аɱĸ졣
үɹˣڵɱΪɱ֮ױʤҪӳȫҪԽʮսʼܹҺ̬ϣҲǷǳµģҲɱ֮ױʼҵõЩɢеһЩƶϵݣûĴﵽЩҪģȻȥˡľҵаҲֻл򵥵˵˼䣬ѸٵĻع鱾壬ٵĻָĵ
лҲ»ԼƿȨ
Ҫɱ֮ױ붯þ
ԽҺ̬ɱǵһҪ񣬵ʱսﵽ˵ĵز
˵Ѿӽ˽ս۷弶ǳ˽սʵĵزƾɱ֮ױҺ̬ҪĨɱͬ׵ܾսҲôѵģοʵΪӽ˽ս۷弶
򵥣ĺܶ࣬Ȼܹõаףҷı仯һ̣ȻѹȷǾͲһ߿ʮսʵаЦл˵
ħ㾹ȻűСŮ
Ժġлתа˵ǰʼɡ
ͼȥа
лعġ
ͼѾʧȥֻ꣬ʣһЩ΢Ϣлλá
аվԶ
СҴ߶ʱҲųԶʥµһܹǳԪ۹ģһСʱܹһصЧа˵
һȻᷴԡ
һǰлһ㣬˫ĳ죬棬ûһ˿Ĳž޲˶ÿǷһλɫʣʾˮ֮ĵİ
𣡡
а׼׵㷢һͳ
ɲǼ䣬ʥٶڳһǿʧȥһЩ񣬵ܵ¡ʥʼӿһɵĹʼѸٵĻ۳ĹӰ
ͬʱԲǧڵԪҲܵĳǣһ㣬һӱľ£аʥڣʹаʥһ±Ԫ
лͬһʱ俪ʼ
ŨԪ壬ٵĴתΪսսǵѸٵš
𣡡
Ƭ֮аٶȷһ
ԵлͷϷѸٵβһɫԲȦȻ󻺻½ÿ½һףСʮֹлͷϷʱѾСͷС
ſʶػаȵ
лſңʶš
ԱλãܵΣգʶҺ̬ʵ̫̫࣬ƾаŽս۷вҺ̬ġ
ǽɫȦʶС
Һ̬ͬһ㣬ֻƽͬˮŽɫȦû룬ʱǷһ㡣
л͸еҺֳ̬Ľٶȣƽ羵Һ̬һطӿˣӳȥ嶼֮ôͽĽףлҲԲٿһֵҺ̬ս
ʶڵĿƣǺģϾҪﵽܹƿҺ̬ģڲǰ˽սʰˣ̫ңԶ
лûȥ棬ֻҺ̬нס
л˼ڷ棬ŨԪȫͿŨԪҵйһлڣͬҲˡ


1623  ɨһ
ʱţаʥŨԪԽԽϡлҲ˽ӽɵĽ׶Ρ
ͬģҺ̬ĽҲڷٵĽš
ԭҪлŽսʲܹȻȻɱģԶʥһʹлҺ̬ȫ٣ʶһõĴڣ޴ҲСʱ˿̵ʶ޵ķŴУҺ̬ͬޱ߼ʵĴһ㣬ʼҵķͬ뺣ˡ
Ĵ̼Һ̬ɢ
лҲʱ֮ٶӵ˿ƾĸоҺ̬ҲƽϢ
ɽס
ʱаʥ˾޴ıʡ
ѦԱѩ칬ʮѾľ쵽ԪĲ״ֻǱǰһӣ޷ٶȸϹȥҲʱ˶һȫ̽Ѹٵаʥٹȥ
ͬģ޴ɽڣǰ˵ܾսʱѾָҲĴ֣ͨϵʽĴϵϣǰϵġ
ĿҲֻһǾɱл
аʥշԲǧڵԪҲǵע⣬ͬĿаʥȥ
ܹ˰ԪǿȻˡ
ȴ֪алҺ̬Ľס
ͻͻͻž
Һ̬ƵʵĲţлΧγһε⻷˺һͻȻ֮ͣЪ
л˫ĿҲȻһĨĿ˸·ӹ
Һ̬ʱ䣬˽ס
ŰҺ̬л¶һĨ˷֮ɫƵҺ̬࣬Ǿʮսǿ߽սУʮսǿߵǿĸȻܹܹƵҺ̬Բʮսʼǿߵľ٣Һ̬ܹսʤʮսʵǿ߶·磬ܹͻƣܹʮսʾµġ
ϣлҲֹͣ
ʥԪҲʼɢ
лɵٶȼľҲȹڰ˽ս۷弶ľ磬Žսֻһ֮ˡ
žžž
лȫһһɾ˵ƼȥаʥΪ֮ҡ
˽ս۷弶ϰ˱սлһֻܹĨɱŽսʵĸо

һ˷ܵسХл
ͷȥֻȫȻһŶĿĹʣΪ佫ʮ׵ľ룬׺ɫʣԭӽս۷弶ǿƳ߽սʵľ硣
ͻٶȣле𾪡
˸ոʱֻս۷弶ż찡Ѿﵽ߽սʵľˡ
л̤߹ȥҪ˵Ķͨʱ̿ȴƿഫ
ͣ½ŲͷȥֻаʥðһӰ
ʮˣΪ֮˺ȻѦͷΪ׵ʮ֣ҲܾսΪ׵֡
Ǽͬʱֵġ
˴˿˶Էһۣͬʱһ漴Ŀˢˢлϡ
лѦлѿڳлڱѩйһսʱлֻ磬ʮ磬ѦΪлľ籩ߵġ
ܾս¶ɭЦݣлעҪҵˣ
ҲҪȡл񵶺ۣѦ
ûܾսȻ
ܾսѦЩɿܾսĴȫǾŽսʣҲֻǿָɵлʱлеΪΣ
ܾսл뵽л֮ǰǰ֮£ܹߣ˵ͷҲã
ֱ֮һԶͳͳаʥڡ
лаվһȻţûг˼
СħѦ½ˡл˵
˵Ѧһʮˣʵȴβ룬ʵֻĽսʾ磬оŽսʣѦͷѩ壬칬һٮٮߣʵֻﵽսʺսʰˣ߽սʵʵԣȫԿ˷
ٺ٣ҵаҪǵѪء̽ץа񽣣ǿˮ֮Ҳ߽սʵȫ汬
ǰһԹսɣ˽ˣл˼ȭףó񵶣ս߰
лİţѦһĽԵľŽսʶȻߵǰ棬лʱ׼֡
ܾսǡǡ෴
ĵǲҪлٴߣоǱл޻칬ͱѩĸش㱻л׷ɱģҲʶԲٸлᣬȻĻ»ᷴлɱġ
лϴ̵˲֣ߣУΣҵҪߡܾսһһ񽣳У˫Ŀ˸лֻҪлһ춯ϳ
Ȼ֮ǰлܾսĶ֣ڲͬˡ
Ҳﵽ˰˽ս۷弶ʵսԭ߱ﵽ˰˱ĸ߶ȣǲ񵶣ƺҲû̫
ܾսΪӶˣȴתͶ磬ĳΪ߹ϴθǷѾĻҪأΣҪһУлܾͬսɱļصġ
ôаæܾսӵɨһаʵϧվûгɳֻǾŽսʣܲĸ¹лδ֪ɱңǿЦ
лǰһɱֻһӣ
алʵȻҺ̬ǾԳֲġ
аûдͷΪԹߴһԡ
ƾԼܾսЦҪһ߰ɣߺߣûлҽ»ġ
лȻ񵶣ʳָָܾսȻսȭͷӣڵѾûʸˣҾһֻɱ㣡
˵䣬лǰȥ
Ҳڳһɿ񱩵ơ
ણણણણ
һȥһĽӡҲϵѹаʥʼЩʼһѺۣаʥѹļ
ۿлܾսѦͷβɵöһۣ¶һ˿ġ
ǿлǵԼȥϾܾսĴŽսʣô񵶺ԼıͿܾܶսߣֿտա
֣Ѧͷα˴˿ŶԷͬʱ΢΢ͷѦ´
һ£ѩ칬ʮͬʱʮоԱѩ壬칬ʵǰ˽սʵľ磬ʣµŽսʣ߾ǵͽսʣЩνĵͽսʣ˵ĿľǸѰһЩܵıڴӵġ
ʮ˽սͬʱ޵ȥ
ܾսһ˿ɭЦ⣬һΣлȴлӦʮ˴ֵʱŻֽϮɱ


1624  ɨ
ʮ˽սʷڱİ˽սʸУǾѵֿϾ˶ǰ˽ս۷弶ʵʮлͬ߼һû֮ǰɱġ
лɨһѦͷΣյĹ鱨ٵĿҲ֪ѩ칬˶ʵҲĽפصʱ򣬲ûѾ˽սʵϢҪ˵ڰ˽ս۷弶ľ硣
ȻҪҳȫǣ
лͣ˽ŲȻʮ˽սǿߡ
˵ѩ칬ʵǿڰ˽սʷȴǷǳϡٵģܹõİ˽սʶʮˣʮ˽ӽ˽սǿߵһˡ
նɱԿʵ
ѩǵشԺǣȻкôģǱض֧ʥΪ۵֮һ
칬Ȼʥ˵ģȴҪƿʥˣǵĲǾΪɽƿʥ˲谭
Բһ棬նɱʮ˶޺ġ
лȭͷսʮֱɱ
ͣ
ʮȥһ̣ѦȻͣʮֶе㵣ɻͣлΧǡýлΧм䣬Ҳܾս˸뿪ˡ
лЩĿѦ֪Ҫʲô
ٺ٣л벻ѦЦ
ΣлȻĵ
ƳһܾսѦûУĴŽսʣǴбɱ֮ĵģ񵶺ۣұ뿪ĻǾ͸ˡ
л͵һЦ
ۼʵܾսһ˶ܹбѩ칬ˣѦǲ֪ΪռȻء
ͬ⣬˿δͬ⡣лĶܾսһҪ˫սļơ
ѦƲƲ죬˵ǵʵǿҼȻôˣȻаգڵҲ㿴ôһ㡣
ŶǺãܽǣұ㽫񵶺۽㡣л
㵱СӣȽ񵶺ۡѦߵ
лСӣ֪޴Ϊǡ
ΪռȻвлѦ࣬ɷ죬ɱɱɱ
ʮ˽սǿͬʱһٶȳ
οȫԸ
ǿγʮ˵ţ·裬аʥݻˣͬʮͻɱȥĿл
ͬģܾսҲ˫ĿŻ֡
գۼŵĻᣬܾսҲסģֻȺǵĻᡣ
ܾսҲţһֵġ
ʮ˴ֵΧлûĿʼնܾսһ˿Ц⣬һɿ񱩵ƺȻ
ҲʩչԼǿĶ
ʮʷƾۣ
͸ˮ򿴵ǰսл½ǼĶ𣬸򣬽ʮսƾ۸ΪΪֲʮʷƾۡ
սֻʥѷɫࡣ
˷仯Ǳֹһ
֮лǴﵽ˽ս۷弶Žսʵĵزһ߶⶷̼춯ء
ʮʴлıֳ貵Ĺâצл֮߱·ʵĴڣֱʮ˽սʼǿ׺ݵĳײȥ
𡭡
ʮһҲ۳εʮͬʱ𶯣Щ˽սʵǿ߸ǱĵѪʮصײǵϣʮ˵˸ŽӲӹâĵ⡣
ۡ
ѪɽУʮһ˿ֿĻᶼûУͱǽӲӵĵⶴ壬ʬ׹ء
ʣµֶǰ˽ս۷弶ǸԻӶֵҲǵסһӵʱ䣬еı׷׶ѣҲĵ·
ʮ˽սʣֻһУͳͳ
һѦԾţܾսҲ¶һ˿㵡
ܾսл֣лܹʮˣʮֳлʤҲҪһЩ۵ģڿɺãȻּ佫ͳͳԶ֮⡣
㣬㡭Ѧʮ˶ǰرɵɵˣŨصѪζд̼ת˽սʣǿǱѩĶɵÿŭлҪ
ŭѦһǰŵٻ¡
Ҫͷų
ܹлɱʮ˽ս֮󣬻˿ҪɱлȻٻڵħӵĿֲǾŽսʼġ
лȻתȰֱɱȥ
ٶȷӳܾսҲֻǸеǰһлԭʧܾսɫ΢䣬ٶȱȲǰɱ࣬ٶܾսﷺһ˿ɻѲһСʱл
»ɣܾսޱ顣
лһ㵽ѦĽǰ
վѦͷԵŽսͬһʱ֣˵ĵ٣ҼлɱлͻĻᡣ
ߣ
лһûκͣҸöػ֮ܣͬħ޳һ㣬ײڵ֮ϡ
ǿսҲ֮
лǰ˽ս۷弶ŽսҲһ֮ŽսʶлǿѣлأսǶİ˱ȽϣԶ׼һ档
أأ
ѵͬʱһǿĶ飬˳ŷŽսʵֱ֮ϣ˵еѪӿֱ飬ʧȥҲܿƵˣһ𣬶Ѫ
лҲվѦǰ

һȭǱƵٻȥ
ٻһֻµħޣӦѦħ裬ڣֻǲħ޴ٻڳлȭͷصĴٻ棬ͬʱٻ洫һŭ޺һɿֲ
أ
лһȭǿħ棬ֲսһ±㽫ħ䣬˶ȭͷҲػٻ档
ž꣡
ٻ±顣
ħҲʹħһٻҲž޴ķգУ޷ӳһٻ£Ȼɥġ
ҲѦϡ
ѦʵлֻһɣѵֿģʱһҵĽͬߵķһ㵹ɳȥ
ˢӰһ
аն
ѦһնΪ룬ͬʱͺƴȻһ㣬ȺɱЩĽ׵սǡ
ĿлɵػŽսʣܾսȷлֿʱ䣬Ѿ߱ɱʵ
ܾսȵɱֳл
ĴŽսͬʱ
ѩ칬ŽսҲһ֣һܹɨŽս۷弶ǿߵܾսͬʱɱлȥ


1625  ɨ
˵ʵǱȷʮ˴˽սʵʵǿʢֹκһ˶ܹӦʮֵΧ˶ܵģǵһǿֲ֮
лĿܡ
ов
һʵǿµ
ȥ
л˼ٵתҪĻǲܣϾٶƾͻߴ಻ĹܻԼ뱻õİ취ǾǿƳ
ž
ת֣лʳָ̽һƽɫĹָţһĨڣơ
ɱ֮ױ
лδõɱС
ַֻҪʩչԾΪģ˵Ǻ;׵ֶΡ
Һ̬ɽףлȻ˷ܲѡ
൱Һ̬Լǿսںϱֵʳָ档
ʱҺ̬ܹ൱ٵģлûȫϾҪսģȻǰޱȣۻսӣֱʳָɱҲ
лһ㡣
ݡ
һ̶
һűһӰ˷ȥ
ۡ
ȵùľǱѩ塢칬ŽսܾսԵһŽսʣǰûеֿһƬĹӰ֮£ϾʮѪѪעʬɳȥʮס
˷
濾һƬռ䡣
ɱ۵ͬһĻߣʣµĴ֡

ܾսӦѸ٣ɨɱĻߺ˫ޱȣ֪ӲƴԼѸٵˡ
ŽսҲʶȤĺˣֻٵһĻ߱Ӱε׷ȥ
ءۣ
ֳնʮ߱һѪˣһȴǱټһ߱ȫǻȼգɱ
ŽսҲǲܡ
һ类۱һȱǳȵĻѸٵȼнնɱ˼
һͳɱ֮ױЧƾѡ
л״Ҳɱȥ񵶶˱ɨȥһĵתţ˵Ĳӷӹȥ
𣡡
ǰˣ㿪ɱܾս˻һ˫ս׺ݵĴ˵мȥֱնǵ档
ѡ
ǿԾܾսƺһ˫ѣֱѿѪֱҲ߲סΡ
ͬʱŽսҲ˻߱ǵ˺ٵֹסƣܾս
Ѿõıʵõܴܾսɫޱȡ
лʼ磬Ҫʱ䣬Ǿˣǲܵġ˵Żȥ
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˵УѪɫ⽣лһΪ롣
Ѫɫ⽣ɢǿȴûг׵ı൱һֱͬһһӾͽܾսָС
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ЩԱѩ칬ĸ׷ɱ·ء
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аûУĺöѾʥˮаյ˴ˣµĶֻаʥڵа񽣺аˣѾ˵õˣκõĳֵĶԶʥµҲĸɾ˵ؾ£ԪҲϡҲʥء
ˣǾͿЩ뿪ɡл
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ռС磬ѸٵԶȥ
Ǹո󺣣Ϳ˷ӿĸ֣Ϊ׵ĺȻǱѩ峤ѦԼ칬񷣬Ǹĸ֣лаΧ


1626  ɨġ
˷ǧ֮࣬ȻսʼϵǺܶ࣬󲿷ֶսµģ㹻һĻսʼϵǿߣȻűɱοоŽս۷弶ǿҲ֮ࡣ
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лͣܣǷһ˿Ц
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ȻˣǾǰɵ
л߼ˣܹΣ֮ǰնɱòѡͣ
лɱҶѦҪ㳥ѩ峤Ѧͨ죬ɱıл졣
ѦĶӣѦ츳൱֮ߣδɾԶģѦҵϣجĵʱȥ
Ҫˡлĵǻԭֻ磬ܹٵıװգֻһָҲܽкʸɱҡ
Ѧϵļһ鶯ŭĻȫӿһǵ
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أҧͬѪħްضл޲ýȥ
ŭﵽѦ޿̵ͬʱ
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˵ŭЯĺ⣬ֱǧ׸߿գǿƲʺɢ𶯵Ĵ󺣸죬Ҳһ貵ĹâһԶʣ߿գ˺һһǹңָһƬء
ǿѾ޿̵ĵز
ܵӰ֮ˣҲ׷׵ĵʣǹңָһʱ䣬ͬɽ٣ѹʮ󺣶
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һʱȫǧ˶оľҲʵߵʶ˳մɵӡ
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лץ񽣣ĿռָͳͳռָڣŽսʿлѾŵûعǧȺС
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һȺں֮ڰˡлЦŽӵ뻳Уǰ߰ɡ
һ뿪˴˵ء
ǵĿĵزʥˮаյľסأ\ԨΪа˵λãҪȥʥˮĵطȻ\Ԩлȥа飬ۿ\ԨʲôʵѾﵽ㹻Ӹʥصʱǿԣ˳ƿ\Ԩ\Ԩɽһһϣƿʥ˱㲻ڻ¡


1627  𶯡һ
һһ·УСʱ֮ǵһˮ΢ڵĵط\ԨķΧ֮ڡ
\Ԩλں׵ĳԨڣˮǺɫģԵ\ԨԲǧﶼһƬɫˮ򣬴˺ˮڵĺˮǲͬģǵɫģˮֻɫѣڵĺˮˮˮͨˮʮǿġ
лһ˵أ㰲Ȼ١
ǲûн\ԨӵķΧ֮ڣֹ˷֣лҲͨͨаϵ
а飬лЩΡ
˵лĻа飬ûа飬л˺ܶˣаҲΪ\ԨΪʧȥһγʮսʵĻᣬΪĬĬ䰵
뵽а飬ǿգлһЩĪů⣬а֮ĹϵѾԽĵزΪ˴ĺκεܿԵġ
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һϮɫȹԳ\ԨʥŮݣˮԵøĽΣӳſ䣬ͬõһ㣬ɢ˵Ϣ
֮˶Ǹ֮壬һ飬ǵٶȵ˼ʵķ񣬼ÿ춼о˵Ľл壬ǽ޵ҲһϮȹƲ
Ů֮˼֮¡
а飬ͬؽ覣һ˿ȱݣǰɣҹ֮ǣһϮɫȹճߣ͹ĵط͹̵ĵط̣ϸĵطϸһ֣һݡ
Сɫǣû°ɣܾսûôɡл㼤˹ȥ´л鿴Ƿˡ
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֪лûµģȻЩģ¶ӣлһ󼤶û¡
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аһʱҲˣǴδаЦֻǿޱģʵǿеɵаģ˿̿аЦһչһ󷢴̫ˡ
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лȻЩįɬһ׹ŮˣʲôĳɾͣվҪиṩһµģ\Ԩıƣվ֣壬алĹϵһЩ뷨ġ
ˡл㵣ĵĵ
лǰĽӵ뻳С
漴§л޲壬лǰ뵽˺ܶһЩ⣬ʹ࣬ˮûһ̣ҪҸΪڵġ
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лЩ߽ĵ֪ҴûаȫУʲôطҵļˣҲаȫУΪǸҹҪȥȨҪȥɱ˵˼룬Ļĺֻϧңֻ֪Ȩû
Ҽǵռұ˺üأǲǸһأлĶߣ˵ĸоһ
Ҳ뵽ƺĴΣлɲľٶɵһ죬ûһ£ٱǼ͵ĺܣ˸ƽˮȻЩĸо

˼Ʈ죬͸еϱһֻȵƸ棬һѣߴл٩ǵһŶţָвá
æƿлһڲԶ˵ŮͲ±Ƿְҿɾͱˡ
ٺ٣Ժ󲻱ֵʱռ˰ɡлЦ
㰡ָֻȻ˵ģҲ֪ǱһԵҪ뿪лҲѡ
뵽˵ĻҲŮˣͷһķͣȻЩڴ
\Ԩл
ἰ£Ҳ˼£һ¶ǰ㷢紵ȹƮ裬ƮƮɵŮ㣬⣡
лһüҾһ
⣬ɲԸܹ˵óģϾҰĲģ\Ԩ鶼ˣȥʵıĺ⣬ôҰҲһֳصĴ׵׵ķǲʵʵ뷨ġ
ΪĸѾƿأͨȡĻܣӦжĲǣӦò˰л
Ϊ֪̫ͨˣ֪ĺܱЦһˣ֪ڱ˵ֻСˡ
лĸֲ㿪ʼһжҪһĴ򿪵ġ
ȻһЦڵԼһ\Ԩ˱޻֮ҪŽİҸоˣûǷҰĵѹȣҪǲһһ£˵뿪ǰȥ굺ʱڣ\Ԩ˷ǳ飬ҺͶܵ˼شѹڶһ֣űʵǶȴ˾綾
¶ҪɱлͷһûоԵİʵԲǿĶֵģΨһͱǣѾٽյɱᣬ֮С
ǰ֮ҲûвӦòԺģǴֵġ
лһü˵쳽
ҡҡͷҲ֪쳽ͱȫƿˣֻԼˣıһֻصǳĿ£Ѿͬ쳽ֽ\Ԩ˴ԣǴڶԶֵԭòãĿͽҵġ


1628  𶯡
ֱʱлʶ\Ԩ֮ӣԶҪĶ࣬ȻĽ롣
ʥ˹ʥصֱ֣칬ɽ\ԨаʥأɽлƿأҲʥǿƵģ칬Ǻ\Ԩôаʥأ
˿ҪƿʥˣԶô򵥰
ȻˣǾͰ㽫еĵжʵһɣлƽǸ˵ĸоȴɱʮ㡣
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֪л׺ݵģɱʮ֣Ǿһˡ
\ԨȴǴ⣬ƿĳɵƿضɰƿɵư˵ΪʹƺߵıȽϽֵĻǾĳɰ\ԨһѡǿӲֶβһĻ\ԨһҵġЩԥ
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ҾõȥƴҲ֪лûʱ˷ѵģ΢һ˵ٵӵһһƵĸǰеٿԽߵĶͳͳΪõġ
лҡҡͷһֻһǩԼһƣֱԷΪֹ˽սǿߣҲսϵ˲ܹƵġ
л룬ǼҪɽ棬ϾɽֱֶͨǿпƵģûʱȥǱĬ͸ƣʶĵķǳ࣬ʣµļлûп˵ֻ޼ļˣҶʵǿģлɲ׶ǵģǿǵؼʱ̣õһǿߣԿƣΪӦǴô˷\Ԩ
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ܣ\Ԩ뺣ˮƽ棬н׵ľ룬Ҳ˵Ԩаǧ׵ȣĺȻһϣ\ԨˣҵҲͨġ
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μл١οл͸оĪĿ־壬ǳСĵ³һ
лͷ㲻ڴߣǲǷʲô
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֧صΪػ鹬ʵǼʥŮġ˵ҲΪһǿܶҶ֡

лߵѾŪˡ
ŪˣʲôݣȻ
лѪ֮ˣ
ôᣬѪ֮ôʹϵģЩɡ
˵Ѫ֮˹ӴĴҲܴͺѪ֮Ųɸ˵ĹϵлĿ˸һĨ⣬лᣬҪȥһˣѪ֮ʲô


1629  ѡһ
Ѫ֮ڷĴ͸лھ쵽ǴѪ֮˺ĵһ뷨
һѾƿء
ôȻҲ˵ľ
лѪ֮˵ޱȣҲǺģҪ櫴ҪݶĶ࣬ЧģֻҲһЩ֪ľ;߱һѪȻԿˡ
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ڻʺ϶֣֣ܵѪ֮˸ˣĶǵļ䣬ôȻӲᵣĻᱻˡ
л֪ЩѪ֮˵ģҲлȻ˿϶ԲмٵģȻԼֶΡ
鹬\Ԩ֮һ
ռغܹ㣬ԪҪԶŨĶ࣬˵\Ԩѵ֮һ\Ԩֶģ֮ˣΪ鹬˰ھͷ֮ãɢһϢǣԪ£ݴ˵ģҲ㣬ʹĸ֣ٵ˲ְھͷɢϢҲˣŻ˵ܹھͷߣԿ\Ԩĸֵġ
˹ٸ䣬רЩߵģڴ˽һʱıչأһЩҪͻƸԾĸʺϡ
Щλã鹬
˹ڿյģֻһ޴ĵܣǾǰھͷߡ
νĵʵǰھͷߵıģʼձãгһգܹðھͷ߸
ǸոյſڣͿǰھͷߵܸվ߳Ůˡ
Ϊ֮ˣ̴棬һϮװ
к
лɨһʵƽƽлֵһᣬλȴһܹ°ӣ߸һ㣬˿û\ԨʵͣҪҷԴȡôСĽӡ
޴̬ȣлӵĿ͡
ʥŮûô㣬ѵڶңһư˵ĿҲǳ䡣
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ŶЦЦĿһΪʥŮǵҪأ֪ʥŮ׼ˣ
ƺҲûңҪǸʲôɡü
飬л֪ӦöкҪã΢΢һҡͷʾȥ£
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һֱϣܹõ֧֣ǿֿ̰ǳķУȴûа취˿л棬ʡࡣ
ǸʲôҪʥŮ𣿡
Ȼ˵ǶԲûСɫ䵭ٸʲôӿ
һ㶣һֱŲȷ֧֣ҪһЩģΪ˴֣ûġ
ʥŮʲô̬ȣ
̬ȣߵǰнȥĶϣ֮ڽңȻһ㸮Ҫġ
ֱʱʶѾûˣͬɫѿĵʥŮҪˣǺܻԾġ
ͷһ֣ҪôѹңߣǴʤҲڴ֮ǰ㣬Ӧòʲô¡
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ξǳвˡ
ɵôŭ¶ɱԵŮӸǱƣֱȥͬһ㡣
лһǰһ
ǽӽŽսʵһƣͬ񵶳ʣѹǿ£ֱӽŮ˸Ѫӿ߰˲סΣǱлԵǳܲסѹȣһһ˿Ѫɫ쳣Ұ
лȴûͣѹϡ
ͬһεͷϷʱ£ȡов
¼״ɵþҪ֡
лĿһ䣬Ϻȵ
һεײȥ
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ŮӾͬεĴ󴸺ǰҽţѪɳȥصĵ档
һ̣¶֮̿ɫ
˵ĻŲţ
š
ʱ䣬ȥĶȫȻߣ̹ǣ͸ɭɭɱ⡣
ңҽǷݿ־壬˵
һ֣ʾ뿪
ɴ⣬¼Ҵҵ뿪ˡ
ȥл˱鹬ڣһ֣һ֡
а忪ʼĴ鿴
аʱʥŮΨʵܹеһЩɵģлվǰھͷߵĵǰ۸Σ
ܲлشĺܸɴࡣ
ΪˣҺСĽȴһ̬ʼձֵĺǿƣյǿģΪеҲûʲô֡˵
л΢΢һЦȻǿƣô֮ڿ϶ỹ㶫ģʱȥĸϣΪʲôǿƵԭͻˮʯġһ£棬ҹѹ뿴ЩѪ֮˵ķӦѾעʱ䣬ǵĿͻҵϣ԰£ֶΣշһЩ
ͷҾ
΢̸һ£㽫עڰھͷߵ档
壬аҲۼ
ѾڵһУûʲôܵĸš
л˵ĿаϣǶûʲôоΨаžаǰʱĩڣ䱾սֲɱ䣬ɾаģ귽ӦźоϾоӦ귽İ塣
ͿаһѸٵķŴ
̼ʹﵽʮ׵ĸ߶ȣǰھͷ߱ĵһߴ漴ǾаĿзһɬаҲһʵĹһ˫۾Ǳޱͬī֭һ㡣
УŮ͸еԼƺЩҡ·ܵĳǣһ㡣
лҲоһ˿¶漴˫ĿзһĨ⣬ںϵı֣Ӳǽ¶ѹȥˣһɵĽɫɢŮ֣Ҳļµĸо
аʵĹοʼ˫Ŀл۹ȥʹаһ˫۾ӵڣ·ܹһƵء
𣡡
ͻȻаſͷһȻͿ˫Ŀбһֱӳǰھͷߵϡ
Ÿ޴Դ棬һɫĹ
ûУͿǰھͷߵ΢΢һ£漴ͿŸԴ涼һҡεģͷĹӰ˻𣬾ҵҡţ·Ҫĳһ㡣


1630  ѡ
ھͷѹ
ʩչаҲЩƣĻСع׵ĸ߶ȣſڵϣ΢գٵĻָԼϾֻǾŽս۷弶Ҫʮսʵİھͷߴ˯ѹɲô򵥵ġ
ʼչעлܽĶԴ籩׼֪ھͷǷֻѣգʱһǲĻǿǻпºģлһ׼
ֻҪھͷ߳ĻаԼʵʱʮսʣҺ̬ʮսʵİھͷҲ޿ƥеġ
˻˻
Ÿͷ˻˻ƺƴĳֻ޷ѣӣǲͣЪ
ȻͿŸͷѸٵںΪһγһ޴ͷǰھͷߵܣƯڿУпԿͷ밵ھͷĳϵġ
˻
޴ͷγɣֱӶаԲƣĿɭĶлһͳ˻𣬷һ
лϣûкл꣬γһɫĹνɢ
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ͷ·𱻴ŭһ㣬ȥ
лһҵĸӦͷǿаҲܾûнھͷߵ궼ѣֻһְˣŽսʶѡ
ǿɱʮսʵľһ󲨶ǿͷһֵ˻Ѹٵĺˡ
ҵꣿлĵ
ͷЩĿлûлӦ
شҵ⣬ȻҼ̽ⲿϵȻܴ飡лɱڵĵ
ͷ˻ڿˣ࣬вң
влЦһ粽ǰһȭǰھͷߵľŸӴеһ
ƾлһȭܹܶġ
ǰھͷߵıȴѾʯûޱȿֲķŻᱻ\Ԩصػ
ͷû뵽л˵ļңȵס֣
лȭͷǾ޴ǰͣǿľһ˿սȻȥܳһѺۣŵͷ
νĻ˵Ҫɱ˵ȡ𣿡лĵ
ʶлĿ£ͷû˸ոʱĿѪģЩµĿллԸ⣬ȫԽ׵Ĩɱڵġ
ڲͬкǼȡұɣͷһɾİ߻ʡͷ
㵹ϡлƲ
ͷɨһ۵ааȻ֪޽İھͷߵɱ䣬ȻҲͬҾǲ˵Ҳ֪
˯ŵа۾Ц֪ΪֻὫ껽һҲֻаа취ֻǻһֵ꣬ˣоҲ뻽ȫꡣ
뵽ġͷ޺޵ĵ֪аˣˡ
ѹ˵ھͷ߼黫ޱȣ̰ԣǳֻ꣬ȻҪҵꡣлߵŰھͷ൱С
ͷƽ޲û˿εĵΪ˸Щʲô
лҵܸ꣬
ɣ⣬ûģֻû뵽Ļ֮꣬󣬾һȻ֮⣬Ȼһ취ȴֻһֻˡͷ
аڣοܳΪ롣аȻ
ͷһ漴ȻĵܵģȻаɻδȫɳѪ޷ұ帴ա
ҲУԡал
⻰ͷɵÿл뵽л⣬ɵһ߸ϣ
ֻл¶ЦЩڣŲóģӦȸԼǷлĶ˵ġ
֪ھͷߺͨʨһͬص㣬ǾǼа˵νͨļּͬͨ켶ǿ߶޷͸ǼģΪνļǲΪܣҲУͬǣͨʨĴӼиҪ̣Ҳڼǰ¸ֶΣֻҪʮսʼǿּ̣߳ڰͷȴҪһЩҪΨһѪſԣܹѣܹһѪڵԼɱ䣬Ϊ߻ʣӴ֮ͨ裬һʳͨ쾳硣
аƼͷ֪аĲ򵥡
ҪһʾѪ̫ˡлָһ㣬һѪѪںһѪѪ㼸ͬѪģϾö۵ĽɫĿлͨѪҺıǿߵѪ׳ģлڵѪɲͨһѪܱȵģǾдʹɱѪ
ͷһʱӦһѪĲͬ
лЦеĵ͸һߴѪȻˣ˾ٵĿҪҰɱһߴѪûұѪڣֻҪҪʱؽָǰһͣһȺѪ˸ŵĹΣҪ𣿡
ͷΪлôƽ޹ʵ͸Ļᡣ
ܼ򵥡л壬ҵҪһħ衣
ʲô
ͷŭӡ
Ҳɫ΢䣬Ϊ\Ԩ֮ˣ\ԨػްھͷȻǾηмӣôһݵļɵģǰھͷ߿ʮսʣʵֲġ
Ҹ·һǽΪ߻ʣΪħ裻һʧлĵ
ͷȴоһ˿⣬ĳǺ⡣
аһΪ߻ʣδһƬģϣɾͨ쾳磬Ҳǳ磬ĳ
ֻħ裬̫ˡ
ƲһϡأħޣСɫǣɱ
һ£ͷŵøϽеӵıҪʮսʣأ̫ˣȻϡͬ⣬ֻ·һɲǵȺ꣬Ӳ
ԹԵǩԼл˵ǰӦһЩܹѷѵԼɡ
аЦʮֻ֣սʣΪ磬ҲƽԼοʥŮǸ֮壬ճɾͱȻڰͷߣ赣ˡ
漴аͽһԼ
лһɳ죬ɲвھͷڻѡ˵ͷĵǩԼΪħ衣
Դ˺ڰͷҲˡ


1631  һ
ǿеĿɿڴԭΪھͷߺѵãҪƸǲܵģƾ踴Ķ飬ģû뵽ôϡͿİھͷ߳ħ衣
Ժ»Լ´һŮӣͻȻЩҲЩԼԼĴ㣬ܹлһĻôھͷ߾ͿԼħˣǿʮսʼǿ߰
תһ룬뵽Լħ裬ˮҲл͵һöʯõģͬлԭ򣬶ˮǰʱõаɢʱһһһ꣬˳ʱ˯УһѣҲȰھͷ߲İɣһ룬ƽࡣ
˰ɡͷ
лһЦӦø⣬ӴԺ㽫ɱΪ߻ʡ˵ŻָһһȺѪȥ
ž
һѪڰھͷߵܵ档
֮ͿһѪѸٵ͸ȥű㿴ǵܿʼѣ¶Ӵİھͷߵ
ǵӴȻ֮󣬻ᱬµĸѸٵСֱԼ׶೤ĵزҾŸϵϵĸʾĲذ˸ͷʼήϵرϸѸٵĻмǸСһ̶֮󣬱ͣЪȻѸٵ͡
ǾŸɱǿ߽ᱣ˸꣬Ϊһ壬˸Ҳ׵ĻΪΪǿ弳ȡͨһʾѪ佫Ĵﵽһĵزһɸıʣųɾİ߻ʡа͵ⰵھͷ߱Ǳȳʮսǿʢѣ˷֮󣬽һԾɾʮս۷弶ľ硣
ھͷߵĽ׹Ҳͬа˵һ޶
ǰ˸峹׵ʧΪǿ弳ȡʣµΨһͱǣʵҲǼٵţǿ껹ҡڲһʾѪʼãѸٵȫ곹׵ںϡ
ȥһСʱ
ھͷ˽ףԴǰ߻ʡ
࣬˼һ֣ħ޾λ簵߻ʣʶа߻ͳħ޵ĳƺƿأ߻ʳƺɲǼٵġ
ɽ׵İ߻Ѿٶȱʮ׶೤ȫһɫֵƬʹķߴλãźƬ俴ȥͨħ޺ǲͬ
˻˻
߻һ˻ϣƺһεϵӳȥ
˼ѵ˷ӡ˼䣿ڻָǶμ䣿аɻĴ߻ʣֹ
뵽߻ǰİھͷ߲òмڿԶ޷յĿУлҲ֪Ϊǰľδ˵ġ
˭Ƿѹأ
Ҫ֪ǰǿҲ޷ǾʵƺҲֻǸʮսʵľ磿
ûã߻ѸٵСԼ׵ĳȡ
Ҫٵˡ߻ʵ
лһۣΪʮս۷弶ľ磬Ȼ޷ģʩչҲӦÿԶ߰˷ֵˣԼ鹬ɣƿص
Ļ߻ʵĸտܾͻᱻ֪ġ˵
֪֪ɡлЦû˷οǶǻɰھͷ߿Ҫˣھͷ߰˵ǺʥŮϵǶΪھͷ߿ܼѣǱᵣİھͷ߸պʥŮ߽Ȼӿжģ\ԨȨҲõʱֻ̣Ҫ涯֣αɽȫ֣Ȼһ򾡣
뵽ƵѪ֮˵ԾЩĵĵǿ𣿡
ĲӣлʮĵʮսӦûδذɣֻоŽսʵĻɱǺף
֮˵ΪаǾŽս۷弶ԽãȻлɵӽʮս۷弶ǿߵҺֵ̬ҵĻһɽͳͳɱ
ʶлʮ㡣
ʮսʣǿɲŽսǰ׳صģ߻ƺѾνʵڱԿƵ߳ɣҪչһʱſԵġ
лҲûɵĪģͷ
漴԰߻ʵ鹬ڰɡ
𣡡
Ȼ䣬߻ʷһͳ˻𣬾ȻЩӽ죬µĸҲ֮ŴӰ߻ϱһŰɫĹѸٵɢȥһӱҲ˸ûлῴ
лҲڴڼ鿴״Ȼ˶ΧעţҪ浽׷ʲô
ֻǰ߻ʳ֣ǿɾûˡ
߻ʱϾʮս۷弶Ĵڣֻܷӳ߳ɵҲǳʮսߵʮս¸ܹܵģһʩչ˱㱻ͳͳȥ
Ȼ仯Ҳһʱ䴫
\Ԩˡ
ȴǶı仯ģǶǿźڰ߻ʵı仯ȴԼ飬ҪŪΪλѡͨʨҲѡļǷбȻϵ
ҽ߶֮ǰɵɢʧʱ򣬻ȡԲڵԪ鹬ڣɾʥأڳȡԪĹУԪĳ档߻ʿлҹʱ𶯣Ȼڳһ磬Խ˻ᣬһͻƾ硣
лԣһϲ
ͻƾ磬ǱŽսˡ
ãұл
߻Ѿħ裬ҲʲôΣյľٶʶлǰĵĺܣŮҲڴһлͻƣôȻʵһļսаա
漴߻ſڵϣһ㵭ĹΣŹŹֵͿΧظһͬ߻ʵ壬ܹа֮࣬ǰھͷе塣
ѾʧȥĲ֣屾Ǽޱȵģ˵ͬ
߻ʱҪľͷų
ǰΪʲôľأʵ
акصԹȡʶĨɱΪֻƾ豾жѪħ޵ģһͷųȴԽʥأܹԺٶȼӿġ
˵䣬߻ʵȻһ˻һǿİȥ
ء
嵱顣
廯źɫ壬۳ɰ߻ʵӣ˻𣬻ư߻һȦ鹬Ͽգ˻
һʱ䣬Ԫ·ҵйڰ㣬б¡
ԲڵԪ˲գͳͳĳ鹬ڣʹ鹬Ԫﵽĵز
ͽչ״̬лܵĿʼȡԪ
߽ӽŽսʵȫĺëƾãԪʹΧ׵ķΧڣŨԪ۵Ũ׵ľ룬˶лӰ
˾лٶȻǳֲġ


1632  
ŨŨԪϵ͸лȫǧĺë壬ϴлȫ־ų⣬սܵǣķתҲյԪͽ뵤ȻдתΪս̶ǿԼ
лĺܻһӲźһΣƳı֣ܹڶս˵ġ
ÿһκǶдԪڱǵġ
л۾ӵӵĴ飬ӵһж
лǽˮڵս۾ﵽ޽ӽŽսʵĵزֻôһ߶ѡ
ֻһСʱ㹻һµˣʽʼŽսʵľ硣

лĴϢأΧԪҲʼתһɴҲɢ
֮
֮Ԫϣ۳һƵأлΧϵطٵķţԪлڣҲԪﵽһ̶֮֮۵һ
𣡡
аͰ߻ͬʱһ
ڵѪҺҪˡ
Ů㿴лؼһĨӲӵĹâ

õҪ澭ؼıǹϵϵɹģһ𣬲Ҳʧȥһ߱ɡ
貵Ľ⣬У·һƵء

Ѫ
аͰ߻ʼ״һ
Ѫľڣ˿Ҳһ㣬ʹл弳ȡԪٶȾȻﵽһ̬ĵزգۼĹ򣬾ͽ鹬ڵԪһա
оһ˿Ԫ
ֱԪӿ롣
ɴ˿ɼνµѪ֮жôĿ£лǰأҲԽԽ죬ﵽǳ˵ĵز
ȻһԪʵ̫ˣ˵µлĵﶼ΢΢ȥ̥ͬ߸µһ㣬ұЩ͸ܹԼԪ۵ĽҺĴڣͬĸдԪеʱų⣬лǷĴԪʹõﲻϵСʵȴԳٶš
ҪͻˡаЩ̾ĵ
߻ʾ̾ĺͻжϣӦǳŽսʣƾҵİ˸任Ԫǽ˵رʥأҲҪʱſͻƵģȻѸ١
Ѫƽƽǿϵģӿİ֮Զģȵﵽһ̶֮ٽ֮۵ĴԪɣһٳŽսʡа˵Ȼʱ䡭
Ļû˵꣬Ȼסˡ
ǰ߻ʣҲɴ۾
֮˴ԪĿֱתΪսģȻûлڣлƱ㿪ʼ˾ޱ䣬ڻδȡԪء
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л˫Ŀ΢գ΢΢ĲţսҲﵽ˳ٵתزبǰľŽսʵıϣ䡱һ±㱻忪ˡ
Žսʣ
ǰһ࣬л˾ŽսʣҪ˵ôͻƣԭˮսİ
лֻǳ˽սʣһˮȻӽ˽ս۷弶ֹ
ˣ¾Ҳ˿ٵʵ
ﵽŽս֮лδԪȻ൱Щ۳һεεˮΰĴڡ

лϣĴԪսš
ͻһ磬ҪһʱȶģֹսԼ粻ȵȥ
лսȴԾɸٵţǲҪãȹ̾磬ھŽսǰĿһ󲽣󲽶ֹϾ֮۵Ԫǲء
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ҹĻٵʱлĵڵԪϣ֮۵ЯŰԪлڣٶȽһηմĹ̡
˹ֱڶյ峿
ֹͣлһ壬оȫ棬·ʹڸͬļĺ㣬
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Ϊҵħ裬ඣ
ԭ̬İ߻ʶʱ¶֮ɫϽңҺܸˡ
˾Ͷˣ㣬СֻսʣҪ̺ɶǸ֮壬һߣʮ꣬ڽ練ƣֵòãʱ򣬺ߺߣҪҪħĻ˵Σգȥȵġв
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ĵҲ֪֮İ
߻ʵȻ֪Ǹ֮壬ܹʵɳôѸ٣֮Ǹԭ֮һǸ֮壬Ȼٶȸ죬ܸ꣬ϳˣٺ٣ħ裬ҵҡ
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֪Ǹ֮ģлɻ
µһμ˵ġ߻˵
аȻͷü䣬ӡԺеļ䣿
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лɵþһ𣬶лһĪľأΪĽǱҵġ
ǱģͺڵԼһ㣬ֻõѸٳɳģԼƾɳģ˵ܹõ֧֣ΪѪӡ޷ֵģ˵Ƕž֮ģСǾıˡ
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߻Ȼ˿ϸ˵Ƕμ䡣
ԭʥ⵽ķӡ޷ɱǣΪһֱĶȻʵʹﵽ˾˵ʮս۷弶ĵزڳ𾳽ʱ򣬱ֵģñ˵ĵز
ʱʵֻɱһʥصĵزϾܳΪʮսʣӦ׼ľ磬ֻΪţδܿ룬Ѿ߷ֵһܹͨϹʥµһЩ񱦣Զݵʵ𾳽磬ȴûɱʥأߴ壬ֻǽӡ
ֻǽǷӡţɱأʥˮأлʵ
аӿڵʥˮ岢δԵĴֻһ˱նɱӦҲˣΨбƺ⵽֮֡
µǶμУȷ˵˵屻ɱЩѪ֮ˣʥˮ屻ɱһСǱˡ߻˵


1633  
л˲ɵúȻ
ȻҲ͸ˣ
һҲ͸ұѪ֮аȫƿأǱ岻ɱĻôѪ֮˿Ƶǿ֮
һأⷽļ䣿лʵ
߻ʵˣ˵һ⵽Ѫ֮˵ע⣬ǲδ֣һһ棬ֻǲ֪һˡ
ԭѾаһ͸ֻϧһûľ߾裬Ǳ͸ұаˡ
ʲôл
Ҳ˶
߻ʵʥޣ۷ʱ򣬱ص͵ʹʥ߽ʹԽ׷յģʱҲǵѵıԵʵﵽһ˼ĵزʥػ޵˵ħѪҪǱɵħڹؼʱ̣巽ķҺͨʨѣĴػȴѾǱĵħѪһ櫳ɳܹƣĴػ޸ĨɱˣֻҺͨʨңֻһ˿ĵħѪ㱻ȼȻһ˿Ѫ
ӡʥأߴĿΪʮһЩǣעȴ鷢ԽǷӡʩչѪӡʵǽΪ˷ɱħ˼ͨ϶ҪؼǿΪѹ
źڰ߻ʵ˵лɵĸп֡
˭뵽Ȼ˸ӵ˼
ĿֻһǾ
ԣԡа
лʲôԵģ
ǧѵһľţѵ֪ѪӡһᱻȻˣҪӡʥأߴ壬ʲôأ󻹲ΪƿأӡĿġа˵
һ˵лһ룬ƺȷˡ
ӡʥغߴĿĺڣ
ǣǱĻѪӡ£ǾӦòܵѹƵģʥغߴ嶼ʧ
ô˵ĻΪʲôĿأ
ֺĿĵ顣
ʲôлʵ
߻ʵμ䣬һǣѡңЩ䣬ΪȵʱʦΪۣԤδĴڡ
ңлָԼıӡ
ԣʦԤĽ㣬˵㽫֮һѡ֮ˡ߻˵
лͷһȻ뵽һֿܣȻͨǱɱôô࣬ǷҪԿأ
һμأлʵ
һμرӡģҺҴﵽʮս۷弶磬Ȼ޷⿪ӡֻа˸֡߻˵
̲סʵİ˸֣
߻ʵһ壬

л˶һ㶣Ա˵ǰ߻ʣһ壬˸֣ҲǳԾģл˶Ѿ֪ˡ
˸ʲô壿
ƺ֮ǰһжǺ޹İɡ
İ˸֣ӦԢʲôа˵
лűӣĵԢʲôأӡʥأߴ壬ѪӡһôﵽսʼҪٵĴ۰Ŀĺ˸ʲôأ
ɻҲ˵ʡ
ʲôء
һ壬Ȼ˵Ƿ壬壬ĿģҲƲѡ
ͬ¶ɻ֮ɫǲ⡣
ˣĿģл۾һĶͷ
뵽ʲôʵ
л룬ǰ֪ѪӡĿʲô
յħͨ˼ͨ϶
֮ǰ֪βܹգлʵ
ʴװܹ׷ɱΨһܹɱͨ϶ġش
лͶˣΨһѡеķѪΨһԵõʴװϿɵģܹʦԤ⵽һѡ֮ˣôܷԤ⵽Ĵأ
˵˶ʱл˼
˵ĿĶΪ壿
пܡлҪ塣
оŲʷ˵Ĵڣڣʷ˼Ҳвģҷԡֻذ壬а˵
лǷһ˿Ц⣬û´ĻӦúʴװйϵ
ʴװ
ͬĵ
ͷлûʴװ˵Ѫӡǵħ˼ͨͨ϶ʴװҲͨ϶ӡʥغߴ嶼ǾȡһЩԴоǣѪӡϹʱװٵеװأ
ô˵һжʴװģδĳһ죬ʴװٶȳ֣ҽɱһȫµľҿһԡֻذʧȥõȫװ
лҲˣаǰ֪ܹһԡֻذʧȥõֶΣ
а˻С
˶ͣصȴš
֮а۾ʱһʥµһδмУһ˵˵ʥһλϴʦԷһԡֻذ壬һװΪװ
˵ҵĲ²ӦòˣȻõװ֮л˵һĿľװһ壡
ɲֹһ壬֪ǿ壬壬һЩɢУ岢ǿģҪĿȴǷһ塣а˵ǷһѾռݾƣΪƿߣô֪зһ壬֪Ĵڡ
лΣȻһֶΣǾҪãгһգʥҪѹܹȥôȻͷһΪУװ÷һϾ
꣬ϵһУлһŪĿĵĸо
ͼ򵥵Ķˡ
߻Ҫдһҵ
Ҳ˵һ֮˼еǿ߳ȴڵģܹɻκʮսʶܵƵġ
߻ʵҲ鹬˽룬Ǿģбǰ߻ʿʼʩչЩıԴ֮гɵĸִ\Ԩطǿȡ鹬ڡ
ȻҪȥͨ߻ʽпơ
鿴ŷ֣Щ߻ʿƵ\Ԩ֣Ǻܶ࣬ȴ\ԨľλҲƵʥŮڵࡣ
ƿЩƵģеοƵģѾӽ\Ԩɵɶɽӽ˳ɵЩߣ\ԨҲٵģοȻһֿԱͶġ
ˣѾԷΧ˴ƿ\Ԩжˡ


1634  ԨѪһ
ʱ䣬ð߻ʻЩʥŮĸ֣ǲûз뿪Ǽ鹬ڣҲӵĲ²⣬ϾʥŮҲеġ
Ժ½½ʥŮֽ鹬һ⹬ûʸ롣
ǺĴԽԽ
лԴȴǺ⣬ѾʼýļƻˣοƵҲж
֮л뿪鹬
ֻʥŮ΢һֱĸۡ
֮ǰ˵֮ǰҪƷǾͻԵŰݷõģȻҪֳŵģҪĻҲнʱΪצͽ
ۡΪ\ԨʵȨģܹˣֱΪʥŮʥŮδĴ£ʥŮʹһϵģȨڴģΪͬźܴȨƣסĸۡǷǳݻģҲסİ֮
л١
ۡſڵƺѵõķԸûκҲȥֱͨƣ˽롣
лһЦ˾֪ǽһֵҪˡ
ֻǲĵڣ
ƾл֮ǰչֳʵԼգŽսʶûеġ
лһ˿ʣ븮ۡڡ
Ǹո߽ȥۡűеĹرա
ȻһɵĹڸۡϿһţһָֻ˼žлǷһ˿ЦĶͨҲȫ
߰ɣȥʲôл
˱ֱǸۡڵĴڡ
ˣλ棬ֱվŮӣǵлѹ˵߽սʣˡ
㻹ˡŲƨɵ˼ûУһģ
ɫ΢䣬֮ǰȻ񣬿һʥŮģھȻֱӳƺ֣Ҳʾ˷׼֪лʵҲаնԸ˵ġ
лɫȻ
ʼͨĶͨʼ鿴ܵʲôĵ˵ţơ
ˣѩ꣡ͬӣҲֱ
ѩ֡
ּڸѩΪ\Ԩ֮󣬾Ѿû˳ƺܶ˼ˡ
󵨣㾹ֱ֡ѩû˵ʲôԵŮȴǴŭȳ⡣
ȵǷЩŭˣʥŮ\ԨλڴҲҪȴҶԱʥŮ̬ȣ\ԨأǸñ
ʥŮͷųŮɫ΢䣬Щ
ô˵ʥŮݿǹϵġ
ҪҸϰʥŮļӡѩߵ
Цڼӣѩǰˡ
üͷһ壬ƳһлЦҲ֪Ǵĸ֣Ҫȷ㣬㻹ǵ͵á
Σֲָ𣬻ǵ֮ǰҶ˵ĻҵĶǽģʱջȥҾնġϹֱ⣬Ҫġ
֮ǰȻǿҪƷΪ˫ϵֽ˵ǡ衱ģҲǸ̨¡
˵Ҫġ
˼ûˡѩЦеĵ
ûˣǾ⳥ɡĵ
ѩЦҪʲô⳥أ
ĵʥŮԿ׷ֱͶУյǰԿ׽Ұɡ
ҰĲСѩһʥŮԿףɫ䡣
ʥŮʥŮεʱҪĵطȴǸˣӦѩ꣬ʲôҰġĵ
ѩߵҲء
˫ĿкһǾͱҲˣ

ѩЦôͷҪɱҲɣұǺ۸𣿡
ɱ̽ȡסлһڣ֮顣
ͷ֪ͶҾǰɡһΰأȻվ𣬴ȵ
𣬾Ϳ֮ǰһŵĹٶȸֳԴΪɢ˲佫ۡ
ɫ΢䣬ɿлɫȻҲƽеػ֮⣬ɼ״ɵֵʮսʵȫһǳĿ£Ҫȥǲôˡ
ڣһжסлЦеĵ
лֵܹʮսһں΢һ˿Ҳڷɿˡ
ָǣ˷ʼӿһЩ֡
࣬Լʮҡ
ǵĳлĿռָöһҵĲʾʮ˶Ѫ֮ˡ
лʮˣ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ʮ˾ȻֻǾŽսʼǿߣǰ˽սʣͱһ㣬ǰѹѩˣֻǾлͨİ˽սʶѣԲŻᶯЩܹɱлġ
ѾͶˡл
ΪʥŮʱҾѾǴˣֻϴӽ鿴ǵǷְ֧ˡѩЦ
лͲڻˡ
ѩЦ֪Ķɱ
һ£˽սлɱȥǶǾѪ֮ˣʵҲ൱ǿɲûܾսǰܹ׵ġ
ʵսʶǶ֣ǿ͡
˵׸ΪлҪİȫ
лȻĿ˳ɱ
ñ뷨ûУ˵ͨİ˽սʣͨľŽսʣڶֵñġ
Ѫ֮˿лд󣬲ɵôŭ߶˵ѳһնлȥ
ˢˢ
ӣɭĺٿȻնɱ
ȭףл˫ץȥƾԼİʵľţķͨսʼҲҪսȫһܹ乹вġ
˽սʩչֻǳʥ񵶣һֻǶ˰˳ɵӲԶлʲôΣˡ
žž
л˫ץס񵶡
ǿǽǰֹסǾֹڰС
˽սʼ״ɵĳһһȫͬʱе񵶡
лһ˫΢΢һ
ս
ǰ˱ڶսֻǳңһ½˽սʼǿߵĶ飬˫񵶶־ҵĲ
ž꣡ž꣡
л˫΢΢Ϳ񵶱Ӳץ飬˫ȭ΢΢һգ֮ӶȥȭӰϡ
ҽжûüȭͷֱӺǵ壬ȻըѪɡ
л֣ʧĵ̫ˡ


1635  ԨѪ
ּɱ˽սʣһˣڣ֪л˾Žսʣȴû뵽ŽսʵлȻ˿£ǾŽս۷弶ǿƺûаɵɱ˽սʰɣϾ˭óлһûʩչء
ãǰ˽սʣǾŽսʣѪеһŽսʿһĻɫ䣬ݺݵصһʵȻư˽սʡ
ѩҲ¶Ұ֮ɫ
ǸǺֱðǰ˻źл⣬лѹȵѪأ뵽лɱ֣ʬ޴ˡ
豣ɱŽսʱȵ
һŭȣͿʣµ⼸Ѫֵ巢һ˿΢ı仯ǵ˫ֶצһĴڣָ˸ĺâ乳״ɭޱȣֵĸһЩ޵Ƭӡ
ƵħѪѪ
ӥѪͺ
ӥһϵȼ壬䲻ʹ壬壬ȴҲպļ壬ܹų忹һģνӥ壬˵ܹӥڣǵӥӥе츳һЩںѪдġ
ЩӥѪ֮ˣһ֮˫־еɱҲǱͬ׸ǿġ
ѩ꣬ǹѪ֮ˣԸΪ߹лȵһɿ񱩵Ȼ
ƾͬѹǧĻɽȻһ㡣
ۻѹʮ
ء
еĸ֣ȴ֮⣬ͳͳǹѹȵķ׷׵ѪˣŽսҲ⣬Ľڽڰˡ
ɱŽսʱȵ
һӵϡ
ѩϺȵȥ
߽սͬʱӦǷ׷ԾͬӥðɱȥǵʵǱǿĶࡣ
лһĬĬ߶ػʥ塣
ʱöػ֣֮ܳΧУػ֮ɢɹȫ׵ػ֮Ľɫ硣
žžž
׵ػ֮ڱʮĽɫ硣
ǽɫܹŽսʼɵֺ߽սʣֱֵܹӾͱɱˡ
һѩ겻ɵĺȻлͿлħȻվȭ
ȭ
ÿһȭȥһӲӵɳһ˽սɣɲǼĺ˽սʱͳͳնɱ
ΨŽսǿֵ
صʬ壬ѩɫ
֪лĿֲ
ɱ
ŽսҲƴˣ˿˻ţ׺ݵĲһе˫٣һлɱȥ
лһζ˵עʧ
֮Ʒ磡
ٶȳֵʱѾվŽսʵı˫ȭأأ죬ȭͷ˵ĺ档
ǾŽսʣлǿƳһĻȥˡ
ͷβлûзӳȫѩĸ־ȫſˣлҪ֪ͨѪ֮˵Ҳɱǻʹȥ
лתѩꡣ
㣬㲻Ҫѩŵɫֵˡ
лһۣ㶼ˣҶûȤ˵ĺҶȤһҡ
ѩһѿǶ裬лǿûе
㲻ɱҡѩƺ뵽ʲôȻͣסŲ
Ϊʲôɱ㣿лĵ
ѩһָϿգǷʮսʵûңǸ򲻿ֻܱ
л̧ͷǸ߿֮ϵĹ֣ķֺܶ޴Ŀˣ൱ʮսʵķ𣿡
ݣ
ȻͬһڿգĴڵһаѣضѺۣǷҲ顣
ƶն
л˫ֺʮ·ͯӰݷһ㣬ڣﵽ˺һľ״̬ǿƷ
һ̵лһѳʵ񵶣ˡ
һĨ貵ĹâлײǷ档
䣡
ǹ־ҵĻζĸۡͬľҡΣҲʼһµѺۡ
貵Ĺâʧٿǹ֣ҲһϸСѺۣȻСȴܶࡣ
һµлзٶȱȥ
䣡
һײǹѺһӼӴ࣬Ѻ۳ʮף·ѿһ㣬ȥĿ¡
лһưȫսκεı
壡
񵶳ʣ֮£޿ƥһ㡣
䣡
лγǹ׺ݵײ֮£Ӧѣ̻ţɲǵѤá
൱ʮսǿķл顣
Ҳ˵ڵлɱʮսʵ
ѩ꿴ɵˣͨһһƨڵϣԺһƬհף˿͵лﻹе
л
ɻĶ˼ֶΣлʵ
Ҳлı֣֪лŸոͻƽŽսʵģȻ˿µƻлѯʣŴѹС
ȡ˵ļ䡣л
û⡣ͷӦ
ѩӥѪľŽսʣҪôɵˣҪôԹȥûз
ɵĶȡ˵ļ䡣
ȻǵĿռָնɱϴѩĸۡ뿪ĸۡعʥŮ
﷢һУѾͶлҪ˽ķӦ
ʥŮлع飬аԾڰлķԸʼ׼ҲвϮʥŮڿȥ壬ʵѾŵʱ̣鹬ڵа帺Ϊһһ
лعʥŮڣԵú壬ֻ˵ӡ
\Ԩĵˡ
ͨ˵ļ䣬㶼ʲôлʵ
΢һ˼·ݺܶ࣬õȴ࣬ѩļУûʲôõĶ޷ǾʹĹϵһֱֻܽΪ˽ӽҺͶű֮ģоǸѩѪһֵӥѪֻǻδǵǣҪȫʥ֮󣬲ŻἤⲿѪ
ûмѪлͺѷǷѪ͵ħѪϾûмѪо󲿷ֶҳ˼ģʥǵУѪ͵Ѫ˾ͲֻǵѪϡУûб
ΨмѪˣǰģҲѪ£õһЩм䣬ǱĬĸıġ


1636  ԨѪ
ӵһѪֻδǴҲ˰ɡл
ǵģڵӥѪ࣬ӥ˼ֱϵѪݣҲǴΪʲôܹٵͻƵҪԭֻѪҲûеõ\ԨڣƵУƺ൱һֶǾ߱ӥѪûбġ˵Ŷˣһ㣬ڶȡʱ򣬷һμ䣬ݲȫƺǱΪĨġ
лһʲô䣿
ǲȱʾӦʥ˵ĳʥҲѪ֮ˣѾƿǸʥؽһȡʱ䣬ȫƿǸʥأȻ\Ԩƿʥˡ
֪һʥأлʵ
ҡҡͷ
лʥأ\Ԩ칬ɽֻʣаʥغ͹ˣǵеһأ
Ϊʲôɽ칬ĵ
һлѾȫˣҲ޷ɽѾҿơ
ʲô
óԾɽҵƿ֮У͸ƵεŮˣƿɽ壬ǵʵܹϹǿ壬ܹһһĿƣܹĶɽֵļ䣬ɽѪĻ϶ᱻ֪ģοɽ֮ǰʼ̵Ŀ꣬ѪȻ̷ͻᱩ¶ǵġл˵
ĿлеԸӡ
ʵлѾǳǳˡ
ȻѾɽ綼֪ټǸصĴɽǿ壬Ǻεȵ壬壬ʥľ壬ԼԼ֪ʥǵѾﵽ˼ĵزˡ
Ȼ֣ԼǲʵʵҰģȷѡ񣬾ѾˣԾһޱ̹ĸо
칬أ
л칬ʮսʣѾѵʮս۷弶ͨʨʣƾͨʨѪ֮Ҫ͸ȫԽҳ޳ȥϾͨʨ֮Ϊͨ죬ǱΪͨ쾳ħ޵ģѪǸӣȻǱѰѪ֮Ҳðŷȥ͸칬֮ǰնɱ칬֣ǵѪҲ칬ʣµľֻйаʥˡ
ĻǻƵıȻǹ
лȻ
û\Ԩνͷ֮Уۼޣ󣬿ԴѪӡ׽ǲûзκγͻ˴˰֣Ǵһģаʥλڴ½ɳĮʲôط̵ĵطаʥظɳ̵ˣѪ֮ĻҲȻ֪ˣɱаʥˣΨһĿܾǹѪ֮𲽿ơ˵
лסͷ
ȷˡ
ҲľڴӷҰģܴ״̬߳𽥵ĻָԼľ
˵һƿ\ԨһͱѪ֮ƿصϢӶȻɽ칬ֻҪ߻ʳǣ칬칬˰Ѫħ壬壬ֻҪõõ칬Ȼ¡лŵĵ
һ
Ѫħ壬壬ǺεȵɽǸǿ壬Ŀƿʥˡ
˵Ļ˼绹˭ܹʥǣ
ֻʣˡ
ֻҪʥǳɳҲҪСĶԴģ˵ʥǿΣأȻʵѾֶͨνԭһߵˡ
ŽսʵļпʲôõĶлʵ
ɫʱһ䣬У
ʲôлüëһоܳء
Ҵǵļ鱨ǣڴߣѪ֮ˣ֮࣬һٶ࣬оŽս൱ˣԼжʮ֮࣬һһصʮսʵǿߣʼնڴһڣδǷ⶯֣Ҳ֪˵
ʮսʣ
лȻʮսķ֣ǿɲζŰٷְٵսʤʮսǿߵģаٷְٰգҲҪ¶ݡ
Ƿñ¶أ
ͬһҪעС⣬һ¶ˣ\Ԩ״ȻȥϾǺ֮ĺޣϵĶܹԵģݳȥǿ϶ģڿʥˣɲô׵ġ
л𣿡
һǣЩѪ֮˶һϵǸƵѪ֮ˣѪ֮˼һۼأƣǲһĽͳͳնɱߣͿܷȥдѪǰģʱ\ԨΣˡ˵оǴˣ³أݾŽսʵļ䣬³ƺŴӥѪ
ӥѪлЩȡ
л֪УǰͷйĴѪĸ֣ƺӥϰϵϾͷֱʹ壬壬壬׼ҺͷңҲ˵˼ܿʵĴͷѪľĺᡣ
ӥҪѷɫĶࡣ
ӥҲдѪĻֻֿܣһֿǰĲֻˣˣԲ̫ǹĻԵʱϹʥʱǿƣȻֵᷢģǾֻʣһֿܣӥѪ˼ﵽǳĵزͨѪ󷨽еĻѪž߱Ѫģ˾ͱӥѪѾ˼緢չ൱ɹ۵ĵزǰǿģûֵزأӥѪжٰ
лоļ֡
ǼУںĳڵӥѪ˾ж٣л׷ʵ
˵ļУƺˣûףһʵģǣǵļƺţУжڶǵˣҲвͬƺߴʮ֮ڣֻӥѪаѪģѪģ׼ѪģѪģѪʹѪĶһҶ൱һֻᱻѡ˼͸ΪֹҲ֪ж͸ˡ˵
лһƽԼľ
ݱԽԽ˼뱻ˣлٴξԼȱסԼǹؼ˼飬ȻģҪȡԶʥʲµǸʤʵͱʤлܻѪ޼ɵľٶҲΪ֮ԭ
л˻֪ЩʲôõĶ𣿡
һ㣬ǹڶġ


1637  ʥŮһ

ܹ֮ʹ⣬˵ף֮ǹؼеĹؼˣһֿȻ׾ٵĲʳ֣ȻƣӥѪ˲֣ô绢ʵҪһٽͶ˼
ֻʱ򣬶ȴصжˡ
ʲô䣿л
жǴӥѪΪǰ¶ҪɱȴҪ޻ңöƿصת˱ɾܵı\Ԩ˵
лߵôĳò˵ǵȷܹ\ԨѰ취ȴЧ
գգۣĻô𣿡
Ϊʲô⣿л
ֻͻȻ뷨
лǻôɣûҵĻһΪʤֶΣ˵
ԣĬˣٶ˵ʲô
˵ļ䣬޵ĺܣŽսʣӥѪеĵλرߣ֪ҲޣӥѪ֮˵ܵǸˣ³أ
Ҫ֪һУҲ򵥡
³أȡļ䡣
̸飬ŽˣʥŮ롣
̸ⲻˡ
лһۣöǸ򵥵飬˭Ҳұ֤ǷܵݺΪΪҪǶֵġ
ȥԵ飬ᱻ϶й
ԱҪȥġ
ţ֪ˣҵȻȥ˵
űȥˡ
лЦ֮ǰҪͶйͨģȻ룬ȻҪȥҲʶһ\ԨĶ
ô죿ЩĵĵҶȡЩʾ߿һֱһʮսʼǿء
ʮսʼΣݰ߻ʵľƶϣͻƵģֻҪֽʮսʺܶģҾĶԸлȻһ㣬ˣһȻˮ£ҵܵӰ졣
ԣͷ
Լʮ֮뿪ʥŮۡȥ
ĸۡۡ࣬ǹƵģͬڣĸۡƣлδƾĶͨ͸Ƴжϳ丮ʵǿŽսʶˣŽսʶûеģǲࡣ
֮⣬ϵİ˽սҲڡ
ʵ±֮ǰƿصҲǿ٣븮еһ̣͸оСβָĲǸλþڵλ߰ףɴ˿ɼ֮Ǵ֮
лѹҩָĲ
ʱ֮ǰѯĻǴĻѡɱ޻л֪ʵ˼ǣڶо綾֪νȻὫԼյôǷþȶأ
Ǹ⡣
ȣԣضҲ֣Ժ\ԨȻҲз磬ǾͶ
ȣֻҪö䶾ǴΪɻö
л겻ѣ˼Ǻ
ȣ
ֻ΢һ룬˾Ȼ⻹ҪǷ֪Ǵ¶ģ϶ΪΨгȲſԡ
˼ת䣬лķ䡣
ҩζء
һ¯ȼţͷųϢһֻ˯УмŮһ̺ţһɫҰףݵŮӣϸűӣǶ
뷿䣬лҩָĸˡ
ڣñ˷֡
ʥŮˡ۾񣬾״̬ҲǼġ
Դӽ븮Улڲ鿴ֲûʲôڰǵģƺûǶ֡
ӣ뵽лԼҲˣͬУЩ˸У߼ǰ¡
°ɡ
̺Ůˡ
һлǿ¶һ˿Ц⣬İ֣ɱģǰɣ
ǡҲû
ȻȨ󣬿ǵλϾ\ԨǺܸߵģڵһʱʹˣԶƿصȻǵһʱ֪ˡ
ãܺáЦ
лޱ飬Բ

Ļ˵֮Ǵ£Ѳ壬ֻǹû͸¶ȥǵĴ֪ܻἴ̷ǵĹǴֲ֮£ġ
лԣɵһ
ǻöŶǴµģû뵽֪ˣʡȴ鷳
Ǵˣҽɱ´жˡɫЩص˵
ţҪҪ̸ġ˵Żһл˼Ҫл뿪̸
ڣл˵ȳȥ̸
ƾĶͨȷûʲôˣҶȷٴΣҲԸвġ
л˳ȥˡ
չϷţиĶͨҲʧȥãֻܵȴҪ˵Щʲô
лһȾһһҹ
Σն˵ĲϵһЩ½ȥҪƵתľٶ
лһһҹҲûţϵع۲Щ£ǷĻӶĻĵͶͨĶͨϵ뿪֮һЩ̸ãȻЩûдͶ˳֣ҲʾڼԦ·棬ܳڵġ
ֱڶյİ߳
ҲûглѾˣ֮ˣ濴ġ
뿪ۡҲһжл
֮ǰ̸ڿǷкʹǲУԸ½ˣҲԸ⽻ȥģöҲ̾ѣھת
бǶټĸ½ȥҲǵŶ棬Щջء
ʥŮһԿ׽
ԴܹʥŮԿױ㶼УʱʥŮˡ
ʥŮһУлҲֻ֪νʥŮҲ뷨
\Ԩͻ
ʥŮҲҪõϣûʱǰȥʥŮ󣬿ɸݶԣʥŮ֮ԹرգһнΪǰ鿴ʥŮǷ񱻴оٶ͸浽ʲô֪Ϊڴ˴ζԾʤĹؼ֣Ҳ˵ĵģԣǵһʱʥŮ


1638  ʥŮ󡾶
;Ул֪ʥŮ\ԨĵλԼõġ
ԭʥŮ\ԨʥŮɾʥŮ֮λҪһطÿһλʥŮбչأ츳ͬչʱһ²ͬʥŮ߳ʥŮҲĵ˸粻ȡ
һܹ߸磬ʲô
лҲΪ֮ȻҪ֪֮ǰڵͼʱҲûдﵽ˵ĵزأܹͻһˣʥŮھȻͻ߰˸磬Ǽֱ˵״ˡ
һʥŮԶ׼\ԨصĵطʥŮὫʥŮڵ˵ȥ͸һӵء
ΪʲôʥŮлĵ
Ǵԭ򣬵ͶʥŮ֮λɹչǰȥʥŮģû뵽Ȼ֮⣬޷УʥŮγһ۳ԿףԶλС
Ϊʲôᱻ֮⣿лúơ
ΪʱѾǴŮˡӦʥŮҪΨдŮܹʸС
Ҫͦġ
лֹһתַһ⣬ɾʥŮӦںܶǰɣǸʱ\ԨӦûķӡţ޷\ԨģǴ³һֱ\Ԩˣ
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ǽ̸УʥŮ󷽵һĵĵط
˵غ徻ֻм\ԨŮӸԲڶû˾ΪʥŮ\ԨĽأǽ˽ģǴûʸΨʥŮʸ̤ʥŮ
ʥŮҲûʲôػ̫أݴţ\Ԩʷа˽սǿ룬ʥŮڱһɾ˵ǰ˽սǿһɱŽսʿҲѹĲǰԴû˵̤벽
㽫Щ˵ص˻ˡ
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һҶдʥŮ֣мС֣ǡ\Ԩһѩ
\Ԩһνһۡ
վʥŮǰóԿףէȥԿ׺Ǻһ㣬˸ĵİ⣬ʵһĳĽγɵԿס
˫ֳԿף
ԿױʥŮΧҲظһ֣ǵǰһŻ
žž
ɣԿס
Կ׻ʵĺƵ׺ǳĻ裬Ʈ첻תŻ档
ǣ
Ŀһ㡣
ŻȻпˣֲûоʹ˷飬ɴڣŻȴԽ롣
лվſڣЩɻԼǷýȥأ
ҽȥɡȻ˼
ô˵ʥŮ\ԨصĽأֻʥŮʸ룬ǴŮУһ˿
ܵų⣿л
ҡͷǷܵų⣬Ҫһ£ľٶѾʥŮ˾޴ı仯Σջǻڲðա
\Ԩƣȷðա
˱һʥŮ
һУлʱеһǿѹѹȶǿҵѹȸУֻлģҲӦֱѹƵĸоֻͬһ΢ģ΢궼ںˣӣĶҲ
лǡǡ෴
һħɽ٣ҪлѹƵء
ֻǶһѹȡ
лں֮ؼϵĴڣַģܵѹȣӦͿлͫðһĨ⡣
ˢ
ѹ֮ʧͬѩˮ࣬˲ڻһ㣬Ŀ죬ȥĸ졣
лָֻɡ
ѹȣлüͷһ壬ԺвԾĸһЩ
Ҳ𺳲ѣļУʥŮڱƺŽս۷弶ԺֺģҲ֪ǴŵʮսҲѹȵĺ˵ģлȻɻ⡣
뵽ʲôʵ
л뵽ɽ
Ŷ˵Ǻ\ԨʥŮͬһʱ佨ģҲ֪ǷʥŮá˵
뵽Ȼɽꡣ
Ҳѹ
л׿¥ݿڣһ˿Ц⣬ܹʥŮܸھҲһ
ʥŮһ¥ڷһЩ򵥵ΣõĺһŮӵĹ󣬻ɢŵ
ȥɣʥŮһܶ¥һ¥˵\Ԩһû\Ԩʱסĵط˵
лԵͷ
˱¥ݣһһʵȥ
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¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ŨԪԶʥǿʢ֪ٱܹŨȶҪǿʢࡣ
лҲЩ㵡
ԪŨ֮ǰѳܴﵽļ£Ҫﳤĳ嶯
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֪л⣬һľָݣлǣ¥
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¥۴ȴһԡõˮͰˮͰΧŨˮͰڵˮǳ峺һЩ꣬ƺҪԡһ㡣
ЩŨԪľͰڡ
ľͰΧΪԪ
лһĻҲɵΪ֮ȻѲΪԪ۶ɵҺϴ裿
ˣҪһ߰˸ҲǲܵģȻν߰˸粻˵սʼѪӡʱڴӲʺ缶ʼҲǲܵġ
սʼҲзǳ˵
ǺԨʥˮͺ
лԨʥˮʲô
ʿҺĵԨʥˮ\Ԩһ֮Ԩ\Ԩԭ򣬾˵Ƿ˺ԨʥˮԨʥˮʥˮܹȻԪУʥˮڼŵԪǱʥˮʣΪԪܹԨʥˮڵԪͳͳɣģ\Ԩһܹ֮ڵʱʥͬʱʱʵǿԨʥˮٶԶ˵ġ


1639  һ
ÿһʥŮʥŮ֮󣬱ĸŻһɶǺԨʥˮ
˷ޱȣ˵ԨʥˮصǣһΪԪܹ֮ڽӣԪҽıΪΪ֣һʱ֮󣬿ٶȽΪʥŮʱΪǴŮ֮⣬ôϴκԨʥˮʹð˵ϴʥŮڴΪʥŮǰѾûʥŮأѾнٶʮʱˣٶʮ꣬ԨʥˮڵԪ֮ڣѾﵽ˼ޣŻԪҿԽһսʼء
˵ʱлҲڴ¥
ܿտϳȴǸˮͰƷǽǲͬĻܹԼһٸ񣬽ǽڼˣÿһһ绪ŮӣһһЦôĶǡ
ÿһŮӻ涼һС֣ǽŮݵģȻ\ԨʥŮ
лҲЩһڲͬĻ
ǸҪĴλҲĵĵص㣬Ҹӵһֻ֣˵ĸоĲͬĻǰȫ񣬻һЩڻС
ǻǰ
Ůɣһͷɫ㷢ƮţϾһ˫ҹǳ鶯ޱȣϹһĨЦݣһϮˮɫȹճ˵ߣĸɽƺһɽֱնˣޱ߼ʵĴ󺣣ˮͷ·ɽ̤߳˶еŮ
վڻǰлеһɵˮǺĴ󺣣ŮҪ߳
\Ԩһѩ֪ʱлĽǰ˵и͸һУ͸ѩĳ֮顣
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һ˿΢Ĳ
л̲ס
Ц㲻Ǹ⻭ڵ޷ѹء
ΪʥŮһǣƣ⻭ڵûȫͷųлЦ⻭˭ģ
ǵһԼġش
ţлȻЩ⡣
ЦǲǾ⻭ڷӡŵѾԽ˾ŽսʣһʥصĿ紫ţ۷ʱҲ޷ǾŽս۷弶磬е㲻ϴ˵
л˵ͷ
ףɽǰǾŽսʣδʮսʾġ
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л̧ͷǻ鶯ľŮ
꾳˿£ͻȻʧأ
Ѳ\ԨһҲͬϹʥһƵģ뿪˼粻ɣľӦѾﵽʮս۷弶꾳ľǡ
ƾлĸо⻭̺ŵ꾳ƺʮս۷弶һĲࡣ
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\ԨȫʥŮĻ𣿡л
ǡһһ໭˵û´ĻӦоʮ˸ʥŮ񡣡
л΢һ£Ǿʮ˸
˵\Ԩй涨ģκʥŮֻʥŮʱ䣬ҪԶδѡµʥŮ\ԨһԳʥŮǸʱܹٶʥŮֻ֣в֮һʥŮ츳ʱﵽ£˸硣
֮ĻҲˡлЦ
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лԨʥˮѾﵽͣӦܹͻƵģţýҲ֮ͬϣܹͻ硣
˫ҲͷųеĹâ
ȷ˵бչ˸˵ֻǲʺ缶ʥĿԽˣսʼ磬ͻһ磬Щε˸ѶȴʮأЩʱ򣬺ԨʥˮֻǴˣβͬʥŮδǾǴ꣬ΪʥŮǴŮ֮⣬ǲеڳٶʮδ˽˵ء
պԨʥˮʱԽЧ˵⼸֮ǰһЩʥŮЧʮĸ֮壬ŮпܿԽսʾ硣
㾳ͨѾӽͻƵıԵҪһЩģɣﵽͬĵزʱڴЧӵĵزڱȥл˵
Ҳף֮һͬЧѵģ֮ǰģﵽͬĵز
ˣȻκεĲ
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лߵ¥ݿڣе
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ֻЩõ廨궼ǽΣһСƬƺЯĳһ㣬һۿȥǻһУҪ˵ȥָоÿһƬ涼ɢһ˿˿΢Ϣ
⻨ƺʥŮµһЩ߶ɡлЩ̫ȷ
Ҳпܷ˱仯Ͼ֮⣬ʹֶҪƻ
лͷȷпܣȫõ廨궼̳ɣ÷⡣
ҡҡͷĻһЩ壬Ǵˡ
룿лʵ
⣬⣬Ҳйأڣ⣬Ҳ԰ȫɹģʱҽû£뿪ȥҲ١˵
лϸһĨЦ⣬۾ǰβӹͲҿ̽˴⣿һҿƲסƵˣ
һͦأǱһ鲨лһðҿǰܾŶ
ˣ
һҺлǾҵ۾Ե·ɡ
ɲҪŶ˵ŻַȹӵĴ棬ȹ㻺ػ䣬¶İɫװʱ߲ų׵ı¶ޱȣһɵƮ


1640  
ǶǵĽߣ˵㣬л͸еһаӸȼĳطҲʼʱ䣬ɱΪļ
лĺҲЩˡ
Ҫٱɵջʵл˵̫ѣϾͶ̵ĥ֮ľҲﵽزҪܣȫľƽͣðκġ
ֻлûô
Ǻݣȵ£һ˿ڣѸٵĲ鿴¥һУǷʲôء
ܷģûķ֣һ
ҪҪҰѰлһȥվǰ״˴˵ĺڶԷϡ
ĽһǿҵϢЩĪĻҡ
лץסȥ⿪
ᣬܻ
𡣡һץסлƣŵȻʧˣȡ֮һ˿ңҡ
㲢ûаңǶкøаɡл°ͣٱɵŮˣô⶯أ
лʵ뷨ҲͷſˣҲ֪ԼٱһŮ˺ѶĵģֻѾлӰҲϵģʲô
ƺ֮ǰռҼαˣǸóɡл£㷢һĨɫǰЦ
ӦͿлٿȻ£Ǳͦεǰɽ棬ѡ

ʶķһС
лЦƮȻ˿ַڿڱǰһ£㰡ʮ㣬ޱȡ
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ɫǣŮɫǡлеҿؼλץܶˣǲǻڻζ
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лЦŻת
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лıӰͣ
ǰ·ǺܲϰߣǱţԾǸоǳǿңлŵľٶеọ̈̄ǰǷ·һֻħڸţٱɵģһ˵ģΨбƵŻֱ֣Ҳ˵ԺлǰֻҪͿ鶯ƻġ
ۻıӰ̾һԼܷӳħأ
һһˣûš
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Ψһ˿ҵԨʥˮ
ѹ֮ɨһˮͰڵõ廨ֱ꣬Уͬһʱ䣬ܵĸŵҲ
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ˮͰֱףһңרԡģˮͰΪľɵģлܹоĲȻľͰҲǵġ
ееԼ巢һ˿΢ı仯·ȫĶſˣǺԨʥˮڵΪԪڣĶٵĳɳţЩõ廨ҲɢΪŨķҷƻһ㻺͸ĽȻȻľɢ
ͬģһ˿õ廨кϡ
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ʥŮʥŮɱԭڡ
л򾲾վһԣһ㶼Ȼ޷¶ͯƴɣԺиֻ棬ľϾѾﵽ˾Žսʵĵزʩչ֮󣬷Բʮڵһлܹģسֳġ
ѵ·һ˿ҵһĻȫԺУȻģȻܹǽߣѩ׵ļ˵ĵط޲лһϢУĺܴ̼
Ҳֻǿš
ʮ֮ڿˣȥˣһõ廨ڷӡһЩǿԴеġ
ãȥˡл˵ţ¥ȥ
ҲûлͷĲ
˳¥ȥУܿʧȥлټûƬ̣ƾĶл뿪ʥŮķΧڣʥŮڡ
ųһĵããȲסľ
Ϊ㶯ˣ
һŮȻ
һ漴Ȼͷ\ԨһѩĻ棬Ŀ¶Ķţ㣬㡭
ǻľŮѩȻϹһĨȻЦ⣬شӻ˳
һ˿겨ҵĶ
ѩ꣬ױȿĴꡣ
ôģѩӻ߳ͬʱǻڵѩӰҲʧˣֻһɽˮ
һĻɵˣԼ۾
㣬ôԾĵ
ѩΪʲô
ЩӲ˼άһӻԾѩһֱΪʲô䲻
ûʸҼ档ѩĵ
ûʸ񣬶㺦ѩ֪ǳ£޷ԿȻĻǰѹȻܹģǷ飬
ƮȻѩǷһ˿ǳЦܴ\ԨʥŮ⸽֮ҵ꣬ǿԵģûбǸ˶ߺ裬ǴӣҲǿԴﵽҵҪ󡣡
ɵɫ䡣
ѩȻҪ塣
ΪʲôҪôһƬȻ֪ƾܿܵģˣҲϣʱ䣬ȵлĵɽΣˡ
ѩ΢΢һЦʱ䣬Ǹ˻ǺǣҸ㣬ܵģѾ½ʥŮˣԿ׵ʥŮҪǿпΨ𾳽ǿ߲ʸ񡣡
һɫһƬҰףЩʧľͰڡ
޷ôȻġ
ѩվľͰǰǶǵĽ޵̫ˣϧԺҪˣ壬Һϲ
ϾҲ侲ܲڶǰңΪʲô𣿡
Ѿٶû˵ˣҲҸ˵˵ȻˣҾ͸ɣ֪ˣҲ÷ſңҪҿԽΪѰһ¸ģ츳ҿɲôȥġѩЦе˵
˭֪ѩֱȶħء
\Ԩ伮мأͻʮսʺ֮ܶͻȻһЩֻƬʥŮ󣬲ʧٵģΪʲôô
ѩȻһЦȻΪܹ


1641  

ǷǰţлȻ֪ռ֣ʮս֮Ͼ𣬳ռͨ졣
ܴﵽ𾳽磬ɻʮ겻⣬ﵽ磬һ𣬾ĳǱɱ㲻Ǿܹͬġ
ﵽ磿
ѩ΢΢һȻ㾹Ȼ֪磿Ҳ̫СˣҵĿ꣬ҵĿͨ쾳磬ͨ۷壬վ˵λãΪһе񡣡
˵⻰ʱ͸һεĿ˷ܡ
֪磬ͨ쾳ģʵ
ȻǴӺĦ˱е֪ġѩ¶һĨ˷֮ɫʥصĴʼһҵĦ˵ıأıǵһʱУҵʵ˹żңҪһ뱦أû뵽õĦһӶıҵʣǱٶҲԽǣⱻҵõıбຣĦµܣбйڸ߾˵Ҳ˼Ϊʲô޷ͻƴﵽ˵Ǿ˼ľͷǣڰǰɱ˴˷ӡԷ˴˵磬ǵ˽ƣΨнƲܹͻƽ𾳽ģĦ˾ְ취Խơ
Ȼְ취
ѩЦûһ־Ħ˵ĺʵڣܹκƵͻҾ磬ֻǺʵĪ⣬޴ѰңʮѰңҲûҵһҷ˽뺣ʵתʹõڶְ취취ĺܲпᣬȾҪȼ𣬽꣬ʹҵܹﵽʮս۷弶ļޣ޽ӽ𾳽硣
ȻʥŮͳ
ĺܴѩЦеĵ֪ԨʥˮʵĿ𣿺ǺǣⲻԿʵһܹ壬ʳ׵һ׳꣬ǰǴŮȻ츳ԽߣԽ󣬴ﵽһ̶ȣұɲȡȫȡһ˵꣬ôʥŮͽΪе֮أҲΪṩ㹻꣬ұֻǲȡһС֣ȻΪôҵͻƣ𾳽磬ԴٲκεӰ죬ֻϧҵȴܹȴǿȺٶꡣ
ΪʲôȺ򣬶뿪˵أȥأ˼磬ٶǰûսʼҲĶ֣ܹ˼ѡȡ
ѩشһ
ǲ뿪״̬߲
лӰȰ¥ݿڡ
һ£һֱϲѩʱ¶֮ɫѸٵĵˣŵĵ㣬ôѾʥŮ
ܼ򵥣ʥŮ֮ǰѾˡлЦеĵ
ܣûз֡ѩ
лʼ磬̫ˡ
Ϊл˷ܵһ´ľͰվر¶˳ȻվǰűҵĻζţˮξӢõ廨ǽѪļе֬һ㡣
лֱŹ⡣
󰡣лţѿڶ
ȻľһæȥлߵҪ
෴ѩٵ˼Żķ֣ȻûκεĻᣬ޷뿪ʥŮ󣬳ӵſԡ
ΪʲôΪʲôѵͷҵĴڡѩŭļ֣ľȻʧܣβ
лȻΪ¶ˡһָǸɽˮҶԻûоһ㲻֪ܹĳɾͣӹΰһɽӷͼǰµģһѩɽͼɽӷͼУµ귽ǳȴҶ뻭һЩʶѩɽͼһҶѩжɽΪһи̺һľУҸǵ侫裬Եҿ⸱ɽˮ֮󣬾ͷ֣ȻԼɽˮȴźܴĲ𡣡
ǿûһ㣬ǾܳˣܽʥŮıǴŮҸǻʱһ˿ʱҾͿʼ϶ǱȻ壬һ⣬㿴žʮัʥŮͼڵʱͬ꣬ЩʥŮͼȴϣѵ֪ΨдﵽʮϣҪкоܹסڻ棬ЩأһֻܽһΣǳΪʥŮʱ򣬾ܹ˸磬ʵߵҲλɣνעϵģôֻһ𰸣㣡
лĻѩһ
һֱʱ̫ã޷˯УֻܻʥŮͼƣҲδֹ⣬ȴΪлĵǣʥŮû˽һˡ
㷽Ǽ뿪ģѩ
ûھ޷ҵ꽫㾾ֻôұ뿪ˣʥŮʱʹ·ˣŶһ£Ǳеûзҡл
ѩ֪ҵ޷뿪ʥŮġ
лʼ磬ҷŷֵģʥŮʵһ޴󷨣ؾ󷨣û£ͻƽ𾳽磬ܵǰµƵӰİɣһ뿪Ȼܵơ
СˣҪɱңȴ롣ѩЦȻһˣͬһ㣬ؽɽˮС
лЦ޷ǾһռСˣžǺĦµİɡ˵Żһ
ˢ
ע£лҲɽˮС
ľͰڵһ£ĵĿռѾﵽ˽ӽԼռСĵز𣿾Ȼܹɳ⻭еĿռС硣
һ֮󣬼æľͰڳٵ·
Ҳ֪ûʲôռ򣬸ܽ뻭еĿռС磬Ҳûţٵľͳ˳ȥҪȥҾȱͿʥŮ⣬塢аڣֻǱ⣬޷룬Ȼлͨа鴫ݵϢ
뵽л֮ǰĻȭǽ档
ǽڱһʱһЩţҿʼ飬󷨱˾ҵĲʥŮҲҵĲûãʮƽ׵ĵѣͳͳѣķʧȥ֧֣ʧ
ŮһҲʥŮڡ
¥Ǹɽˮǰ
а壬опռ֮µĿռ壬ڿռ巽лǿһЩҲֱӿǻеĿռСڡ


1642  ռ硾һ
еĿռС翴ļһ£һУӸɽУŨԪĳ棬ʥŮ󣬸һ߼󺣣·ⲻΪٳĿռС磬һ硣
лվԶϷƯŵѩ꣬ɵ¶һĨϲ֮ɫ
ͻȻ֣ѩȻ͸һ
˻еĿռС±аżҪǿʢ֪ٱԪ˵ϴڡ
лĴ㣬Ҫ뱣ʥǵôȾҪʥĿʧΨ뿪ܹʵܵĿٳɳгһգзǿƻع顣
Ŀмаżڣ󲿷УԿԶѰҵģоǺҵϹܾħ淢ֵϹ֮һЩþ֮ĵطԶԣǶ⻭еĿռСˡ
˿ռСǺĦΪ
ǺĦ˺ε񣬶޷ΣܿͷµַôռСȻޱˡ
Ҫ󲿷˴ʥתƵаżڣҲǷǳѵģױ֣ܹͬͨЯĿռСأȫԽ⣬оǣаżĹ屦ȫһˣôһ˵ĳɾͱȻͣʥǵ̫࣬İ˶УɢͻЧɲֻ˴˵ļ϶ìܵģռС磬ȫԻЩ⣬ȫе֮ţʥǿٵǿ
еĿռС缸лٵ⡣

뵽˷ܴл̲סЦ
ͻأĴЦѩеͷԣЩĵĲ鿴ܵȷûΣ֮ųһ
Цʲôѩ
Ц㽫⺣ĦµϿռС͸ˡлЦڣҪԣġ
ѩЦҪռС磬ɱңȻƿأҪɱңǶ꣬ȴ޷ʩչɱҵġ
ȷǸ鷳л°ͣܣ鿴ռС硣
л֣ռС±˼羹ȻСģΪǴ󺣣ǰӴģһ߼½أ̫ˣܳΪռС磬˵ǿռ磬һȫµ綼Ϊ
𣡡
ʱһը졣
аƾճڰУǿҲͷųĺˮҵķ𾳽ѩЩ𶯡
аѩаɫɵĴ䡣
ͿаȻվգԸӵ̬ѩ˿ûоŽսӦԾԣ֪аӦôӺĦ֪ҵˣԼҪҶ֡
Ҳɱҡѩɭޱȡ
ɱ㡣аĻƽϾֻǾŽսʣȴѾ𾳽ǿߣǸʱλµַҪԸȴҲ̫ѵġ
Ļ䣬һ˫۾ͱޱȵƺĳֺڰӿţһźɫĻа˫ͫš
аѩе
лЩͷԣ˵аѩĶ֣ɿӣƺаרŶԸֶΡ
ͻͻͻ
а˫ͫڵĺɫѣͿѩҲҵĲ·̼ܵһ㣬ҵҡҷͬеһƬҶ
л޸о
Ȼ䣬аһŤͷ˫۾л
ˢһĨɫĹֱлüĴ
л͸еԼܵ˷ǳĴ̼һɾ춯صͬʱл˫ĿӲӵĹţҲ۾ĺۼ
ɣ㾹ȻҪ߶ѩ״ɵü
аЦ̫޴˵Ҫɱ㣬ҵʵѵְֻ֪취ܹɱ㣿ھǿ˵㣬ܹȫǳҲһնɱɡ
оױȵлȫļⶼˡ
һȴ޷ָо
һȭܹػ
𣡡
޷ԽԽ񱩵л׳Х죬ϱһӲӵĹţͬʱ˫ĿбһӲӵĹ
ݣ
ֱ͸ʡ
һռ綼ھҵҡΣңԶɽͳֱQµĸɽεضͬҪ㵹½ûһ㡣
޾ѩ궼һʹĲҽУģ
ѩɫ΢䣬æϺһԼȶס֣ҿԸǣĦأûңǾҵҲ޷еģǽѾʹúĦѪӡѹˡ
ˢ
лŵͷ»ع鳣̬ԾһӲӵĹȥĿѩꡣ
Ҫɱ
лûĻдκв
㲻ɱҡѩвѣǰҲ˵
ڱале£ûκεĵֿǵɫֱӽѩķ飬ˮһ㣬ķɢȥ
𣡡
аҲһͳмٵ˫ĿٶĹâѸٵչȥѿ۳ѩӣֻǷǳ˿ܱһ΢紵ɢĵز
վǱˡ
лϼŵҲʧָ̬
գޱȵѩҧгݵĵ
գбյ𣿴\ԨΪһ֮˽ռжޱȵʥŮ꣬ҪлЦô̫˳ˣӶҪȥ˼ʲô⣬Ȼ˵Ƿȱǰ˵ھȻúĦµһЩвңѵаǰǼ̳ʱһһƣ˵ǿ𼶣㣬ֻҪڣܹ£ƿصģҪǵİŪҪԼҲҪͬſԡ
ѩҧгݵĵҾҲҪ㡣
лЦˣңƾҲңǿЦ֮ʵɣͨ켶ǿߣû˵Ч㻹ǹԹԵĽаǰļɡ
аĿ⣬ֱѩڣʼȡѩļ䡣
֮󣬼ȡϡ
ѩģЩҪڵ޷ĵز
лǰջΣ
գаƬ󺣣Ǹɽģʥϣ֮ˡ


1643  ռ硾
գл˼£аõĴм䣬յֶóһ¶ۺģ˵Ǵգ֪ѩڶȡļ䣬жôľס
ѩǿӡ
׼ô׷ˣһжлֻܲϧֻñлй
л
עǣռڵЩʲô
˵ûĦ˵ȷһأҲȷѪӡǲΪ֮Ǳȵģ̫߹ԼˡаҲѹһѩ꣬˵Ħ˵δеľţѹܹ˻ѡУΪĵӡ
лڴȥνؿģһ仰ɵþһ𣬾ȵĵǰ˵ʲôĦ˻ʵĵӣѵ˻ʲʮǰ뿪˼磿
ǡа϶Ĵ𸴣Ǳ߱˵
а£ǾзȥĿĵȻǺĦµء
а˼ƺ൱ңԶҲ֤л룬֮ܳΪռС磬ǿԺ˼һռ硣
ѩǵ겢ûб𣬱аţǷС
˻Ҳһ˽ܣѩļ䣬õ˺Ħµܣй˻ʵҲһ֣˻ȥħ磬˼ָƽ֮󣬱һʱ䷢ıʱ۷ʱڣ˼һǿͻʮսʣ𾳽磬ڵ֪ıѡ֮󣬼ѡ䣬ֶҲǸԾŴʥΪģԾ޷ҵĴڣΪʧˡа˵ʵ˻һֱڰҴһطܹƣɵͻʮսʵľ磬˺ĦǱҲ׼˺Ħˣ˻ʱ㰵гģʵʵ˻ʽġ
лǸп
벻˻ʾȻ˼ôá
гɣ˻˼磬˻磬ݺµϣǰ˻ʱѾﵽ˳۷壬Գͨ쾳磬˼ΪƶܴӰģֻܽ磬ͨ쾳磬ڵ˻ʣѾǽӽͨ۷徳Ĵ˰ɡа˵
лȻ޻δﵽͨ۷徳磿
뷨˻֮ţ˵Ӧͳɹ˲ŶԵġ
ǵǣ˻˼絢֮꣬Բ۷弶Ϊ˰ٷ֮ʮʱȥоƵڣ磬ҪСıͷ֣ܹһڳɾͨ۷徳磬ҲȥģϾʱٱֵΣ˻ʿ͹ϺŵˣԵʱܹͻƣȴӲҪ֮ҲͻơаشţЩǺĦ˵ƶϣбǣĦҲ˼۷弶뿪˼磬˻ʵʹػ˼ġ
ϹʥѡģδϹʥһЩܣͱȱչأϹʥǴа֪ıʳأǡϹʥʵҪ˼磬кһ뿪˼磬ȥʲôطͲ֪ˣϹʥʱǱѡػ˼ģΪ£µ޷˼硣
ô࣬лռ˭µģ
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뷨ưлһԣǸʲôҪ˼תռ磿ڰɣȻΪһ֮˽ɱϾҲ˼ѵҪ˼ʲôٴ벻ɣ
β֪ݺµĹ˻ĻҪǵĿģܿ˼˿ڵ֮һ֮һΪ۵ġа˵
ʲô
лѿں
˿ڵ֮һǾǶʮء
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˵ռ˼С֣ɰ˿ڲ⣬˻ʺͺʼܹһ˼籦˻ʺϹʥεħ֣֣ĸֱͳͳսˣ˻ʻħӶᶫӶ˵һЩֻذıԴ֮𣬼ܹ뵽ĶͳͳӶռıȻɵʵռΪ׳Ƶġа˵
лĵ̫ˡ
аĵⲻģռĵطڣ˻뿪˼磬ѰʱƬˣ֪ЩƬζʲô𣿡
лҡҡͷʾ֪
ҵʱ˵ûбҸˣʱһʱܹ֮ϵʱͨ۷ǿߵΪ۵ģʣΪ˼ģǰĴըʱܹƬÿһǶĳһľҾĴ̺һྫģЩռ磬˾ռʮʱ䣬İڣ˻ʺͺʵĿģ㿴ռԪа޾̾˵ǹδйľֱʰ
ۼԪ֮Ũ񣬿˼ʮٱ
ֵطٶȾܹ˼ļʮ֮⣬ֻǿռͨĵط߱Ԫһܹ˼Ŀռ磬ѵûһЩʥأصȻܵġ
ȻУôռЩطĻٶܴﵽһٱ
˵ҪһսҪİʱ䣬ôڿռʥأڿ޵Ļ츳ߵֻҪ꣬Ҫʮġ
ռԿĴڡ
ֻŵĿռڣʥأأҲͬ˼һ㣬ǶǺصĵطҪѴʱȥѰģϾǽռ˻ʺͺҲֻǸЩطʺԼ֪ҲҪȥѰңҲҪȥ̽ҪصģϾʱƬϰ˭Ҳ˵õס
ǽ̸䣬ããһӴĺ档
˺һ񱮴дšԨ񵺣
ȻѩΪҲҵһأԼĽ\Ԩ֡


1644  ռ硾
Ԩ񵺵Ӵ̶ȱ֮˼ʥй֮վлܹɵķһЩĵطǰԼ׵ĵطһɽ߰ǧ׵ĸ߶ȣɽһɽɢźܸߵ¶ȣлȥ죬֪涨ȻĴڡ
һ죬Ŀ񵺡
ѹѩųɾŲĴڣд˿ռ磬ƾ츳粢ѣг꣬Ѱռİﵽͨ۷徳磬ֻϧȴҡлǧ֮ߵ񱮣Це˵ţָһ㣬һǲּĨȥȻˢˢд˼֡
нı
лд˰˸֣ΪʥǶ룬ͬΪ˼ġ
ȻˣҪɹʮΪۣôʥǾͱҪе˼ΣʥǿǿЩԶʱǿǣ̫̫ˣҪʱۡ
ֻн͵ȴ
Ұ治СѩЦȻ򿹺⣬ǿЦ͵ħ綼Ƕְɡ
лüëһǷԣʱ֪һὫӡڣĿʥǵ𣬴ʥ֮ʱȻὫ죬ɷˣƽĶȹһҲǶƿص\Ԩһˡ
úݣѩҧгݵĵ
γ£Щʱ򣬱Ҫݡлʥǧ˵Ϊֵۣ֪Ҫʮ˿£Ӳˣǰѩ˵ʲô͵ħ綼Ƕ֣򿹺⣬⻰ʲô˼ѵ磬ħ綼Ҫǿ
аشѩҸɡ
ѾȡаڣлҲ˵ѣ˵ɡ
˻ռƬʱ򣬵õһЩ˼õһЩأóһۣս˼ʤģħ֮˼սʱ֣Ϊ˼Ķ֣໹Сʱ̣뿪˼Զʥػع顣ѩ˵
ع飿л㵵ĵ
Զʥµ֮˼㲻֪ιҪ뿪˼磬ֱ緢֣Χˣħʷ˵ԱΪۣ뿪˼磬Զʥڵʥ⵽Ľ䣬Ųսġ
ǿͬʱģֱʮǰȽƵġ
ûԶʥ뿪˼ӦȥΪѰҪһĶʱĳһֻľٶͱ飬Ȼ޷뿪˼磬ع飬һ֣ҲЩ˼ͷǵԷɱ˼ƣǡѩ䣬Զʥʡ
ߣǷʺ˻Ҳֻĳİհˣ˵̫ˡа䵭ĵ
ѩ귺һ˿Ц⣬Ϊȫļ𣿡
аɫһͣʱһǻجģԭΪյ˹ˡ
ˣȻǡѩЦҵ꾳𼶱ģҵռһأǺǣô˵ǻףҾϸǰɣ˻ʵռƬ֮⣬ԶʥʵƬ֮ǰ˵ûǵȷ֪γɼʥأȴ֪γʮأΪԶʥʵƬĵطʮط˵رһƬ˻ȷԶʥؼͻҲͻᱻƻԼʵ꣬ҺңڵõԶʥƬһػҵһ걾ԴҲܸκμ
һ𣿡лߵ
ѩţаҵļ䣬Ƿʵġ
аۺâһɨѩһۣ漴˵ͷ
˵ɣҪлȻĵ
ҵõĺµණ꣬ҶռϤ̶ȣԶǰ㣬ҿԸ֪һЩ飬Ҫ֪ռİһЩأصĻҪһҲ𾳽緽ɣȻռڣһƬػңһ˵Ľءѩ˵
л΢һ˵û⣡
ѩһ£Ͳּۻۣ
ҪҪԣҪﵽ߾ͬԣΪţҪãҵľԶԶ㣬ʱУڵ״̬ȴ޷뿪㻮һظΣһ֮䡣лƲ
㻹ŰҵȻܵشɾ粻Ծ𼶱ֻҪһױ𾳽磬ֻǾŽսʣӻ͸һȴҪ涨ʱģǾһ֮͸һǲȻϡѩ
лɫȻĵ㶼򲻰ܣһʸս𣿡
ŵ·һжƽ̬ѩ㱻ѩε츳ֵõռİ𾳽꣬εѸ٣ѩҲһԸģȻӣһץĸо
㣬㣬ãáѩָлӲĵһ֮ҵһ͸ңҴﵽ𾳽ʱľ绹ʤңѩģԸΪʹ
ѩãлЦһ
ѩҷĺܲ򵥣ԸΪʹʱ㲻ҵĶ֣ҿ׵Ĩɱ㣬һﵽ磬Ǹʱ򣬾ԶʥһƬҲ޷ڲļ䣬ҿȡģԸΪʹҲȥɱ㣬סл
ѩһⶼлˣ뵽֮ǰлԼĴڣʶ˵Ĳ򵥡
ҳϣҵȷôġѩ
Ȼ˵ˣҲûҪˣ˵ɣ㵽Щ䣬ϣ˵һЩĶ飬ҿھǩԼл˵
ѩһ跴ڣ
лаһԼֻҪǩ˵֣һѪԼ
ұ㣬磬ħԶʥʵĴսһЩϸڣйؼɰӦѩ˵
л֪ģ
ѩЦȻ˻ʵõԶʥʵƬеļˣĻذ¶붼ģԶʥƬµļռˣ⼸ֵĲռĶһһһۣ˵˸־ǡнı


1645  ռ硾ġ
нı
˸лոдģͷȥܿǰ˸֣ȻԶʥƬµµİ˸ͨ
ɺϣ
лߵѩˣң
Ҿ֪㲻šѩתаſҡ
ѩڵвǣаſ꣬Ͼлޱȵġ
ѩ赽߿գдʡ
ͿɢһĨĹΣİޱȣͷųһ޷ݵѹѹռ磬⺣Ҳ֮Ҫһ㣬ţ㿴֮ϣֵĸְ˸ģּ͸һİڡ
л΢һоȷƺǰ塣
ǰ˸ЩģȻѩ߱ԶʥƬʵ̫̫ˣԼǿʲô֡
нı
лдϵİ˸֡

ѩЩĴӿƮ궼Щģˣ
ɺϣлȻ
Զʥʣ˭֪ءѩ국Ȼĵ
ѩ꣬л㷽˵Ϊﵽ𾳽ʱ򣬳㣬ԸΪʹҲΪдİ˸ֺԶʥµİְйذɣ
ѩҲϣϾ˸ִԶʥռİʱﵽͨ۷徳ǿߵ壬ܹһ֣ɳɾͨ۷弶ǿߡ
ģлаͬʱе
ְȻǰϰ塣
ͨͨ۷徳İڡ
Ȼѩ϶Ĵ
л΢Щأ˵ĻǿԲһ⻹ѡʥ츳ߵ˾ۼвġ
ɴ˿ռ磬нıˡ
ɺϣ
ǲҪ򣿡ѩ
Ȼл
ѩҪ򣬱ʮУõԶʥµһƬڣȻȻǰһʺּڿ¼İ壬ܷҪԼˡ
аҪõƬϿɣһأǧҲɡ
óʱ䰡
лֻ÷Ȳľʱ䣬˵ʵ֮УǸעʧ̫ʱ䣬ȻĻɱһЩʥǹؼģɲϣģолֻһǰ̺İ˴壬Ȼжһ˿ų⣬ϡ
ûϣˣǰְų⣬ݺ˵ְǶų⣬޷ı֡ѩЩįĵܹ꣬ĻͲǵ𾳽ˡ
лһɴ뷨
ֻǿһģԼų⣬ǵõһԶʥƬǱųĸ
˵һ£ԶʱڴսһЩϸڰɣΪʲôƺ磬ħӵĿ¡л˵
ѩһ˼·Զʱڣ˼磬ħ˼ǿԶʥʵѾͻͨ۷徳ıԵĲ֣綼ˣŻ⵽Χ˵ˣع˼ʱֵսؼʱ̣Ǹʱ˼ǿƣͷ˼磬ͷòħͷϣ
ʲôҪӡлü
˼緽棬Զͨ;Ųʷ֣Ȼǰ˼ͷȻּװӡԶַͨӡħͷԶͨӡѹ磬˼統ʱֻԶͨŲʷ˺һͷ˶ԿͷԾռϷ磬ʱԶʥʻعǸ֣Ҳ֪˼⼸ͷʵ˼ųֵģƽ˫Ǳ˴˷ӡԷġѩ˵
лԶʥģ
ѩΧԶʥʵʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ǸֵĴڣһ̶ȵƻԶʥҪƻľ֣Ƿǳǳ޴ģܵµʴȵȸǶ޷ĿֲԴȻĨɱ˼ƣȴҲԶͨɱ
ԶʥǱԶͨɱлһӴɫ쳣
ΪԶͨǿ󣬲ʹ˼缴ֻͷԾܹͷǶֵģΪǿ󣬸ԶʥµһʾӦԶͨʵҪͷ˼缸ͷ͵ħͷǿһߣɱ˼ͷ֮󣬼ȡ˼ͷʵһԾﵽ˽ӽԶʥʵĵزѩ˵
Զͨ
лԶͨԴӦǰϧģΪλأҪüʮ˵ΪۣժȡԶʥֵʤʵ벻ͨ벻ͨѵʤʵ޷ܵջ󣿡
ҲԶʥʵɻԶͨʶ˼µǸֵʤʵ˵ӦܹԶͨ˷ģʼջʲôءѩ˵
ô࣬л֪ԼΣյԶͨ򰡣ͷĶ֣ôʥ֮£ѡ·ߣһֵ˼⡣
ѩ˵ЩֵֵǩԼ
ֵãл϶Ĵ𸴵֮ǰĻͷϾ˼Ѿʮ꣬ͷ˵ǱȻΪ൱ڿ£ʥǱǲƶԣ˶ء
Щ¡
ǱǩԼ˱˴˶õĶԷˡ
ˣѩٸһΪش飬һصĵͷ
лаһۣû˵
صĵͷ˵аѾἰˣݼ١
صͷǵʱԶͨɱԶʥʵĹؼҲ˼ͷ˴˷ӡʱΨһһδӡˣȴܵǧһ֪ʹúְ취ܵеͳͳת棬Ȼ뿪硣ѩ˵
лһ£뿪磿ò˵صͷ˼ɣ
ѩɫصĵˣֻ˯ˣҲڻѣҺԣصĵͷܿܽʱȻΪͷɾʵԣΨһܹԶͨĴڣܹڴ껹δǰҳ
ôףҲûʸΪԶͨĴˣֻ˵ɡл˵ת⺣˵֮һ򿪰ɣҪȥ졣
ﲻʺģʮҲʮԵأֱˮסľ硢⡢ͼ˵ˮԵģˮԵչ첻˼֡ѩ˵ʯľ֣Եأٶȶԣаµ·̡
лһҲ̫Զ˰ɡ
ѩһЩԨʥˮѾԪ
лԣɴϲ


1646  ʵ
ԨʥˮãлѾˣۿǾܹһ˵Ϊżġ
ԼǩѾлԶʥ°ְͨʹѩл֮ǰһֽ˴˶ԹʹĬȻûеƣɱ˴ﶼףԷˣڴˣǱĬĺ
ʶлҲôѩʲôġ
ѩϷƮȥ
ла
һ·дԼʮӣһɽͱڴѩ㿪һɽӿһɰԪ
л˽ȥ
аѩ棬ôΪҪİȫҪǰ׼ġ
ɽһСˮأһЩΪĺۼǺܵϸԷֵģɽλûһСˮء
ˮڵˮȫǺԨʥˮһһЩˮԨʥˮһȴڣҽԨʥˮۼмλãԪεȳ棬ǺԨʥˮʹﵽ˱ͣƯͬԪ޲ջлҪȥĳ嶯
һ飬ȷ֮ŷС
һ˿ҵУл͸еȫޱȵ̹ǧĺëչˣԪЩΪԪΪֻ֮΢תΪսġ
ﵽ˱սϾͨĶܱȵģҪ΢ĴһµģȴԪǰ˷ʱ䡣
леԼսǰδеĿ٣Ѹ͵
ӾŽսʵʮսʣһ磬ĵ·ȴޱȵۣǳļѣһЩ֮ţҲҪ൱ʱ䣬˷лͽ˼ٵĳС
ȫա
һʱ䣬ɽԪܵǣһӱлڣϴȫľĵڣϵشͨԨʥˮյĴԪٶȹ죬һӽɽƯŵԪˡ
ɽڵѩ㾪г
꾳ﵽ𼶱ģõʱ򣬾ʮսʣԪϤҲٶζʲôлֻǾŽսʣڲͬٶҲʮս֮һģлһŷ֣ٶȼֱǿʢʱڵĽʮٶȣǸ̬
ѩ갵кգҲлûп¿ԣȷпõﵽ𾳽֮󣬳Խġ
뵽ѩ겻뵽ǰְ塣
лаǵõһԶʥƬģֵŸĸ֪Ǹ˵ܾûô򵥣лҲд˸֣һˣҲ̫˰ɣ
࣬ѩ˻δ˵һЩ
һʱĿɽڣҲ֪ǲǸл˾޴󣬲ȥҰĳˣǸң֮ȷġ
аĮȻĶ
ʱȥһʱ䡣
ռڣͬ䡣
Ȼǿռ磬˼ΪģǳЩܹģԾ˼磬磬ħ繲õġ
峿¡
һҹлˬ˳
ԨʥˮڵԪɸɾˣѩе㻳ɵĵ
лһ½ǣȫžһǿƱҵĵ涼ҡΡ
˵ǵõ൱
һ˿ʣϧ˰ҲûԨʥˮΪܹԪȻ͸ˡл˵
룬оԨʥˮˣѩŵĵ
лʼ磬ǰԨʥˮڵԪе٣൱ҪﵽŽս۷弶һСξ롣
ѩĿлԼص͹лٶȣֹ̬ôٶô죬ƺʮսʵʱٶȻҪ켸ʮ
˷˵лھŽսһųĽ
лжϣܹΪһͲˣ˷ȴ˴ȵǿҲ֮ϲ
лǴӸոտŽսʿʼģҲܿɹʵǿ
\ԨҲǺεĴѾѪ֮˹ᣬŮȻŮɱѸƿ\Ԩȥ߹ھҪ뿪ƿ\Ԩл˵
ѩռأ
˿ռĿռСٵܹŲģһЯġ
һߣ͵ʥǡл
ðɡѩȻЩˣȴҲû취
лĵİɣ\ԨΪʥǵһӣʥǣΪҵһΪĴһ
ѩ죿
ԣ·ӷ˵ɣлЦ
ȻǸʱһЩǿߡѩ˵
Цһл걣ˣõһ崴ս壬Ѿȫںˣҳɾʮսʾ˰ɣƾҵĸоֱܻӴﵽʮս۷弶ġ
ѩҲٶˡ
ֻϣܹõһʺԺͨ쾳кܴôģϺµһЩأܹİ취ԽôԽġ
ла뿪˿ռ硣
ѩС
عʥŮ¥ڡ
ľͰΧŨԪţԨʥˮͬĴޱԪ
壬Ů򲻼ټ
лܣǿռɽˮԱһֽù΢һ飬ݺܼ򵥣ǾǴˣŮ뷵ء
ֽлǿռɽˮҲľͰռָ뿪ʥŮ
һһٵĻعʥŮ
Ȼõ෽֧֣ƿصǿɱϾûϣԶܷأдȻ֣״ӥѪ֮˵ˣڴߵʮսǷˣ֪лаЩġ
ǷٵʥŮȥ
ͬһʱ䣬лϵа顣
аһֻ̤ʮսʵǿߣܹǿӦʮսʵǿߣȴѻʤ
лĺаȻûʱӦ
л϶а϶ϴʮսʵӥѪǿˡ
ٶҲȻӿ졣
ɲǼﵽʥŮڡ
һźɱ˷Ĵ洫ŭлҲһʱϵվһǽϹš
һǿʵһϮɫľװ˫ֵӵĿʥŮˣǵҪʥŮоа鲢УʥŮľŽսʣƺҲ뿪ˡ
³أĸ統߹޳֮ҪʥŮûô򵥡ĵ
վһԣʱ׼ٻ߻ʳս


1647  ʥŮ֮սһ
߻ʮս۷弶Ǹոս׶ɣҪ൱һʱľ޲ܹȹ̾磬ѪӡһӰδȫɢҪһҵʱ䣬ʱʮս۷弶ǿȫӰʱ̡
ʶ򲻵ѣǲٻ߻ʳսġ
ҲͳΡ
ʥŮΧ
Ǵ\ԨĶǿδʥŮаȶǿҲٴ˵أʾʥŮѾȫ濪սˣֻǿֵĴսὫ\Ԩݻ٣ʲڴ˵شսˡ
л۶ӡ
³أȫӥѪ֮ˣҲǴ˼ѪѪת˵λӥѪ˼൱֮ߵģֱ˼ӥѪȨ˶Իģܹܻ׽䣬һЩѪ֮˵Ķʵ
㻹ͼʶʱΪܣ츳Ǳϼӥ壬ԿԵõѪģгһգɾͳ磬ҲûпܵģαΪνִԸء³Цĵ
ĵȥ߹˵Σ
ƲԳԷơ³Ц⣬ϱŷһɿ񱩵ƣ·˻һֻӥ㣬͸һɷ֮⡣
³ǰĸǷ׷׵ĵʣɱ졣
ʥŮȫó׼
³ǰվλã˫ֵһ˵ظ࣬˿䷨۵ģ˵һ䣬ҪʥŮеľŽսʶǣţ˵ӥѪĸ֣ұҲǾŽս۷弶ľ磬ҪɱǣֻǾ֮͡
ȷǾ֮ͣĨɱЩ߹ˡлҲپ뵽ܶһʮսʾǿߣٻе㵣аǵģ߳
аȻƵЩ˵ĺȥˡ
ֻлֱ̤У³ˡ
Žս۷弶겻Ѫӡ֮ǰֻͨսǿߣΪѸͣȻӥŽܵϵ
лѾ˽ܵͷ
л֣һۣһ˻浣ģȲð߻ʳ֣ð߻е侳ΣգȻлϵˣôһоͽˡ
лһ˱ϵĸоڳһʱȻҲлˡ
ʥл³ؿлһѿڵлݡ
л΢΢һЦ֪\ԨѾסǺ칬Ҳ޷ģǾ\Ԩʥڣɽж˸ɽڰж\ԨܳɹʶҲݡ
ҡл˫ֱ磬ͬһ߸ϣӵ̬³ˡ
ãã˵أҪʥǽǢ֣ʥǽǢģʵѸǿҰҲ¶鶼ڱ֧֡³Ц˫ĿһâͷѾ磬˼Ѫ֮ˣɱлȡ񵶺ߣѪǿΪͨ켶ǿߣȫңҪҳɾͨ켶ǿ߰
лĵ¾£ȥ룬ûȥܡ
𣿡³һ˿Ц⡣
лȻĿ
Ŀԣǡ
ǵƶһӽʥŮҡ·ʱ̮һ㡣
\ԨԨײ\Ԩһǧ׸ߣһǧĵطûˮģñˮ齫ˮġ
ʶһҲıˮ鲨ϷˮХ
ӥĸְɡ³ص
һ㡣лĵ
³ЦѩļӥѪ֮ˣǾŽսʣȴûնӥѪ飬㲻Ϊǻʸ񣬾繻ˣѪ̫Զˣֻǿ߱һЩѪܹʩչһӥˣҾʶһ£νӥȫѪ֮ˡ
лҺڴ
ӥѪ֮˼൱֮ģܹ³֪ѪһЩȻǰģοԺ󻹿ӥ֣ǰ֪һЩбҪġ
ӥ壬ӥ壬ٺ١³ϵЦԽԽŨأҲ΢΢ĻζȻһ
֮һ˻³صڴ˶оһݵѹ³صϱ˷ɢȥüĴǸһֵӥͼһ˫۾ҲǴ˵еӥۣܹ̽ؼһУ޾ķâС
³رˣ岢δκεı仯
лһӥħͫ³رȵһ˫۾ںֻӥңԶĹʱȻЯױȵ͸ϢǹȻӥģӶӥӥ๣ſӥצл˺ȥ
лܹоͫƺ³صģüĴֵӥͼͷųͬϹʱĳһ㣬ĺܣһȷǾʩչֶΣ³ز˿ġ
ͬٿرսһ㡣
ַҲǾס
ͫлûȴܹоһǿ˽սʺգȴԺŽսʣȻ³̽ʵ
л΢һһ֮
սҲӿһֺ֮ϣ֮Ϳ֮۳һлϼצķлΧͬһ㡣
һֱ֣ȥ
أأ
ӥĹ㱻ײ飬䱾δܵʧ³ɱȥ
³ؼ״Ҳ΢΢һ㶣Լʹӥħл˦һӦԣҪԼǿĴ
һüļӥͼһ˻
ӥͼڱһɫĹΣѸٵȫ˲伤ﵽ޽ӽʮսʵĵزǵõ൱̶ȵջȭȥ
䣡
һȭ֮ս۵顣
ЯŵսҲΪ˱սܱͨģ³ĶתΪӥ궷ԾֻǱͨǿʢһ߰ˣ飬Ҳ³
վΣлȻȥ
ˢ
Ȱ³صĽǰһ׵ĵطȭѾŻصĺȥ
³ؼæȭֵ
䣡
һȭ֮£³رеұЩ飬Ѫӿ΢΢һΣл˿Ӱ죬ڶȭ֮
䡭
˲ʮȭײ
³رлĽڽڰˣʮಽƸǲϵؼлԽսԽ¡
ľʹޱȵ³׺ݵĶлȻлûȫһ㣬֮࣬Ҳκα׳ХһüļӥͼȻɱ˽ɫġ


1648  ʥŮ֮ս
һ³صıȻչһӥչӥǽɫģ˸ŶĿĹʣ·дһ㣬ӥıԵλǷޱͬһġ
³˫ȭ裬ٶȵֵлһȭĵһ󲽣ĽɫӥҲȻǰ
ӥҡ
ͻأǰЯſ磬ӥıԵͬаĵطҲ׺ݵлϴȥ
ͬʱ³طٵĻָԼҪȫ淴
˶𣿡лӵĵ
ûǽɫӥͬıһĨ貵Ĺ⻪ޱͷų
Ǽ׵ģɱͼƣиķãǿƥɱ
ײ
䡭
ҵײҲ˰֮С
ӥǲµĳײ滹̺ſֲףһĵǽɫӥ棬ǽɫӥϵ䣬ɣнζ
л˿Ƶģȭ
֮ŭ
лʩչֲĶˣȭ۶ɵ϶
лͬһصֱӳײȥ
ػĽɫӥϣ³رҲܵ൱Ӱ죬üĴӥͼȻбļ󣬿ɲȥлѾԴݿ֮ƿ͵ĳ
³ŭһӭս
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ǿƵһ³ؾֽͬһ㣬ֱӱѪɳȥϵĽɫӥҲ֮ʧüļӥͼҲʼɢ
л粽ǰ̽ץȥ
Ҫ³ء
𣡡
˵³Ҳѹֲסеŭ׿һ˫һѷĳݳҪлƣͬʱŭ֣
ЩҲ׷׵Ŀ˻һɱ
оŽսʻˣҲһʱȥҪɱʥŮĸ֡
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׼ʱϣһٻ¡
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߻ǰ׳ƾճ֣޷ʩչɵɾɣҲǺɨһгʮսʵǿߣǹѹֱ³شȺͳͳĵڵϡ
һһӲǽսָѹˡ
ʥŮ˻һ±ȥɱá
ת˲䣬ʣ³غˡ
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аͰ߻ѹһеʱ³ص˫Ҳл֡
ž
л߶ػʥ壬εȾ˼֮սӿ棬ץסǶԷ˫һһ
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Ҫ˫л֣³سû˳ģû뵽лȻսʼ񽣵ķ󣬾ͱǰһл׼õĽѾӱ˹ȥ
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лҲһˣٶȺε֮죬ľ磬ʮսʶηοͨľŽսʣһˣӹǰľŽսʸֵ˫Ҽлǰ˲󷽵
أأ
չûջȥأֱɨǵϣ̺׵һ¾ͽ˴ļ
߻ʼлɳˣһֳޱȵβͺɨȥ
ŽսʻûԾȣͱ屬飬ͬʱβҲһ½³ظ
ܻ׽
ɱɱշշл˵㣬ȥȡ³صļ䣬㣬㽫³ؼõϼ¼
ͷһʮȥЩһһѹĸǣͬʱ˵ˮһ׵ĵطս
аǰһȥôл
ãаӦ
һһ뿪ˡ
߻ѹպգе³شˣһµûУϾǴսµʵʮսʼǿߵѹǰͬһʮ׸ɽѹһ㣬޷ġ
³Ҳǰӣһɫ
\ԨλԨͶˡ
ףǾҪƹ\Ԩڵλãһ·֮ϣܹǼսƻĺۼһ·׷ѰȥܿҵǱĵط
һһѸٵ½
Ŀǰжϣ߱ȻʮսʵǿߣǵοŴĻӸ֣ǴҲȻӥѪĸ֣Ҳδ˫ļսʤϡ
ƾлаĸӦû˿ͣ٣ٵǱš
ʱлȻаڣʼ۲սͷ֣аһʮսʵǿߴսݣɱѷѽ⣬аȻֻ΢ƶѣԾġ
лЩˡ
ֻҪаסʮսʣδػġ
ܹʹþ籩ɱʮսʵǿߣϾŽս۷弶аȫŤתġ
һ£
ѸǱУаȻͣĿ˸Ŀǰǧ֮ңһɽϵļⶼˡ
лǰʲôˣ
ƣлδаʱаӦøע·սŶԣȻܹͣȻش֡
ȥаı䷽ֱɽȥ
лЩ⣬뵽а鷽ֻ΢ڱҲǺżаɹȥ
ǧ׾룬˲Ϣ㵽
˵أлоһˮĲ˵ؾȻһ׵ˮɽڣɽȻɽûС
ȱ仯лʶܸɽʲô
ɽӥѪӡаŸɽ˵
Ѫӡʲô˼лʵ
аֶΣ̣νѪӡеƱ˸ıѪһ㣬Ҳ˵ɽڿ϶˼ĸ֣ǱӥʹѪӡѹУĿľҪǵѪɱ䣬תΪӥѪ
лĿһ䡣
ȻӥҪвѪתֶΡ
ӥѪ֮ȻҪѸٵܹǿصˣʹѪӡģǾԲͨĸ֣ΨпԴǷǳǿſܲϧ۵ʩչֶεġ
ƿл
ĻҲ˵ǷܲסѹȣתѪһתĻ»Ƿǳǿһδܹ⡣а˵
лҡͷΪתΪӥѪġ
аȻΪôΪ
תĻӥ˿϶֪ģҲȻǳǿ³Ҳ϶ͷųǵΧˣʱǱʤɣ뻹Ҫðŷأ˿϶ûתѪǱӥѪӡǡÿ԰ﵽǵġл˵
˵ҲеаͬлĿҪѪӡҲ򵥣ɽԼ׸ߵĵطһȦĵطҸոոӦģӦ֮˸ԼµһͻѪӡãҲ汻ӡ֮˵ӥҲٵġ
һЦл𣬵׵ĵط
֡
ƶն
лɨһһĨ׵ĵ֮ϱ̺лȫս
䣡
ӹɽлһնϣ״ϵĲ֣һĺɽƾշ߿պ¡¡ı顣


1649  䡾һ
һĻлаҲˣѪӡѾ֮˸ƻĲˣ²һˣűлƻġ
һƻǿտյɽԼ£ʱһϲĻ
ЦУһӰƿն
ܵҲɽڱӰ϶ݣӺˮ뺣ˮڡ
׻壡лһУѿڽг
׻һ֧뿪ǵפأ֪٣ҪѰ
û뵽ǱӥѪ֮˸ӡڴ˵ˡ
Ӱ衣
̼˳ÿһսʼǿߣл߰Žս۷弶ǿߣʵ֮ǿҲ̾
ȳ֮ˣͷĺɫȼһ˷ܵؿһ֮󣬱ѸٵĽлаǰ
ǸҺ׻ģߵ
λȻҪƿѪӡֻǾ֮ͰˡлЦ
ߵǸ֮٣ҪƻѶȺֹٱ¾ʮսȫأҲҪʮҵʱƻҪӥѪ֮δ֣ԸˣҺһݣ
Ͻֹ磬лЦϿˣ뺣׻кԨԴŶ
ĺ׻Ѿ١
˻粻
л㽫﷢ϸ˵һ飬ȻһаѪ֮˿Ƶ飬û˵ܴͥڵ˵ȥй¶ܣҺи飬Ϊ׻屨һΪѰһʧĺ׻ˡ
һ壬Һ׻֮ҧгݵĵ˵פֻʣºһˣ
лͷλŵùң˵أ׼ҪӥѪˣҪλ֪ǷԸ⡣
ǶǱӥѪ֮˷ӡڴ˵ģ᲻Ը⣬ɴ˻ᣬ֮أ
Ǻãλȥ뺣ǰλϡлЦ
һл֮ǰ˵ĻлǳѾǸмһ˻лҲﵽһ̶ȡ
лͨͨа飬ҪѾ³أͣս֮˫ʽ̸С
Ȼлٶǰȥ׻פء
ٶȫӳǴﵽһ󼰵ĵزֻǻһĹ򣬱㽫ѾŽսʵĺҸˡ
ͬǰĻǻ۽ǣֱʱл֪۽Ѿǧ߳ȥĺһĺ׻йϵģ˱ӡڴˣųʧȥϵġ
л۽ǣкңǵ꣬Ȼϲ쳣ġ
׻Ҳ֮ǰΨкһˣһ±ǧٶˡ
ԭ˵ӥѪ֮ˣһսӥѪ֮ҲֻǲʤǻΪ׻˿̫٣壬ûнƴһսĽӥѪ֮˵ĺ׻岻ϧһеĴսʱ⽫ӡ˭Ҳû뵽¾ȻһԶŻ
νԶŻǾʮɵһֻԵͨ۷ǿ֮ں֮γɵġ
Ǻ׻˵ͷ
ںܾ֮ǰǸʱѪӡǿʢʱڣͽѪӡǵѹȣԺ׻ʵǿı̬պ˵ǧٶѾʮսʣһʮǰﵽʮս۷弶磬һֱչصڣпܳ𾳽磬Σ֪
ھŽսȻǸࡣ
˵׻һΪӥѪ֮˵ķӡȻһӴﵽǰδе۷ʱ̡
֪һУҲȻͬʥǣϾڵĴ֮£ܴȥġ
\ԨҲѾĵز
³صıãʹռڼ䣬ҲǰȥӥѪ֮ͨ籨ţĸ֣쳽ͳͳǰˣǲʱҪʥŮӪ³أΪȫڼ䣬ʥŮѾ鹬ڣа߻ͷŵ
ź׻˵ļ룬лⷽҲǵõ
һսҪչ
лͨͨаϵа뿪\Ԩ׻лʮŽսʺаع\Ԩаش˵أҪжͨϵжΧ\ԨԼӥѪ֮ˡ
鹬ƿصѾͳͳۼ鹬ڣҲǾˣεҲ׷׵ľۼ˵أ֮ǰаսѾ¶ˡ
˿̵鹬ڣһԽǵ״̬С
Ͼ˶ʶĲ̫󣬺ڰ߻ǰھͷ߽ϢǶЩģûоĻɢ
лаڵʮŽսʹʱЩܲѡ
лº׻Ŵаֱ鹬һʱĻڡ
棬壬߻Լļĸڡ
˿лع飬ȻΪס
лҲ𵶵λ
λǱʼ̸УȻûͳͳɱȻΧӥ⺣ڵһܵ죬ʲôл˵
ѻȸ
˶Ŀл·ڿһ
ȣ
һѾȡ³صļ䣬֪˴ӥѪݼжϣûһɵĻʤʡ
Ŷô˵л˵
㣬˵ɡ˵
ͷҲףԺԼҪ깲ģֻҪȡ\ԨִͬƵģһлҲǸֵûᣬҲץסһлᣬϿ
³ؼУƿص£\ԨڣƵҪԵκһ֧ǲ֪ΪѾ커ӳԱǣʣµ֧νҲѾ¶ʵһ֧࣬Ҳ⣬Ǵв쳽ӥѪڳ˼·Ҳ൱쳽棬³ؼ䣬ûȫƿأΪܹ쳽ȫ鸽ǿб쳽֮˸ıѪһٶΪ쳽ǫ֣ǫõսżеıҲܹѪʶ쳽չһɱߣ쳽ҲѾͳͳ\Ԩ٣ĸ򲻶࣬ȴŽս۷弶ĸ֡
Žս۷弶ѾܹпܸıսֵˣһŤתһУοˡ
˵бӥѪ֮ˣ࣬˱õ³أбɱģ֮ǰĻһʮսʵǿߣĴŽսʣ񣬴ȥԮԼʮŽսʣһЩȼĸ֡
лͷЩк׻˼룬һʵӥѪ֮ںפڵΣ
ǿĽ建˵ΪʦǸ棡


1650  䡾
ʦ
лаͬʱһ𰸿𺳲ѣлʦǿǺ֮ǵģԼҲ˶ĥѣԺ鷳ΪصʦԵʡ
ȻŴ˵λãлҪɱĳ嶯
ɱˣʥΣѽ⡣
ʦڣһ֪ԼһЩܣͨԤδ֪̽ʥǵİʥǸոչϣ·ġ
ʦȻѵ⺣ڵǸ˼Ѫָݵ֮һ𣿡л
ᶨĴ
лһһ˼Ѫĸݵ֮һĻô׻Ŀ¶˼ġ
ôһл
һϹʱڣһ̨ܹʦ̶ȵķڣͨǸ̨ʦܻѹʥǵһͷʤҲˣǸۼ˴ĸ֣ӥѪĸ֣Ѫĸ֣棬ʵ൱ǿ³ȫѪݣ֪Ķޣֻں棬ԼһˣоŽսʣʮսʵܳʮ֮࣬һЩںΧǿݷţжǿ³ضҪǣҪʥǵĸǰ˵
лֵˣ߶֣Ǳ߶Ȼõ鱨ڵĴ󷨻ûȫٳǵ˸ͳˣҿʦҲ̨ѹƣǶʥ˵Եġ
ǵǿⰡ
׻ʵǿ̫٣ȷСлǷһ˿ЦⲢûˡ
ˣ循ϲ
ԼʥŮ˶¶ϲ֮ɫ
һ˿Ц⣬֪ħ˵ǻ˭ˡ
˭Сħʵ
аʥˮ壬аյ
лЦŵͷаǰҪһˡ
û⣬ʦںʲôطаʵ
ϸĸаλá
л㰵аȻ뿪\ԨǺλãȻаʥˮ壬аյסغ಻ǧ׵ľ롣
аʥˮаյȻġ
аȥ˻عڡ
Ǻڵĸֿǲ֪ĿҲֻ³ԼĹƣʥˮаյܹǿʥˮǱɱ˲аյҲڰǰͱˣǵ𣿡ĵĵ
лЦɱ͸ʥˮѪ֮ˣʥˮаյǵܹɱ֣ǰɣϹǿ壬Ž壬壬壬ʥ壬ǣаʤġ
ôЩš
ǺǣаõԶʥµһȻǷͬСɵġлЦǺǵĵ
һԶʥйأ̲ٻɡ
ԶʥʣǾζŹһ˵˼Ϲϵ벻ǿѵġ
ô죿
ľޣȴһսΧ˴ˡл
㴫һȥ˶ľޣҲֻʣлŮԼǰ߻ʡ
ŮУ嶼Ǹ֮壬лͽװԨʥˮľͰóŮȥ
ŮʵվЩ
˷սлҪʮսǿ߽֣ϾչǣȻϣܹΪźá
ŮľͰ뿪ˣ뵥ڿʼ
Ÿ֮壬ǵٶͬ˸еޱȱ̬ĵز
˴ֻʣлͰ߻ʡ
߻ʣܶüɵл
߻ʵɣûʮսҶ֣һ֣ͻΣյģʲô
ѹл
ҶԸ߻ʵ
лͷʵ˲֪ģ߱Ȼ֣Դкܴǣƴ֣ǵ˾ͿɳûɵˣȻΧ˴ˡ
߻ʵʵǣƣһ㣬Ƿ޷սʱȻ൱֣ȻΧǣĺΣա
ʥǣˡлЦ
߻︹̲ѣǱƵġ
Ҳûо뿪عԼĴľޡ
ûˣֱлĻУצлϣĵħҲȥޡһ°ɣұ֤ᷢġ
ٺ٣ҲҪоһСħ塯ءлΣߣȥޡȥ
ͱعԼʱסڡ
¸
ȻǴ鵴
˵Ľ˲ͬˮ֮ģܹϴ飬ܹȻɵٽʶ˷飬лҲõ൱̶ȵļɽ׶аġ
һҹ
峿л𴲣߳¡
̾رҪ̸С
лĶͨһԾҪҲܽԸȥ˵̸С
³֣ȻҪõġ
лҲûţайͨ׻ǰȻ鹬˵صԪǸģ֪ʱţֻǸоոͱˡ
Ȼ磬Ѿء
Ůˬлһ۱㿴Ƕսʵľ磬һѾȹˡ
ҲɼԨʥˮ͸֮
׼׵ˣ͵Գ潻ˡ˵
л濴ȥȻ˶Ѿ׼׵սһƲдӺ׻ľŽսΪ㣬ԣεȸΪͳ˧ĸ֡
߻Ҳڰ
Ǳõ³ػڻУһֿţһԡ
ãţȥлޣ״̬Ѿﵽ۷壬˶ս߰
߻ʱջһ
鹬Ҳ
л߳ţͿռƵĸ֣Ȼ\ԨЩʵĸֶûʸμսģҲǱȡĶ\ԨǼʮͨ˺ֻͨ˭ƿ\ԨǾֻ˭Чģʱһһսʶܺɨе֣ͨǸεĸѾò֣ûá
վǰʮˡ
ЩҪ˳ǰ׵ľ룬ÿһʵǿߣоŽսʾʮˣŽս۷弶Ҳ֮࣬ǰ˽ս۷弶ǿߣνսġ
λãˡ
һŮˣ̴棬һͷɫĳĶͷϸüбޣһ˫ۣһŮǿ͵ģ\ԨĴգ˿ŵĻԵ³أһĨǣ漴㱻һĨɱڲأĿƸֵһлֱӵġ
ڴյֵһᣬܹвģҲֻЩ˼ʢлˡ
лЦһͷתԱˡ
վڴߵһȥ߰ʮߣͷ׷üëҲǰɫģһϮ£ȥۣǳʮսʾǿߣҲǴƾ衣


1651  Ѫ̸֮Сһ
̽
лȻͨͨаϵĺ׻ѾȻ\ԨǧԶĵطֻҪսһʼ׻̵ʱڸϹսġ
ֻлһ
׻˶ӥѪ֮˿ǺһģȻǿɱ¾սġ
Ŵ󺣵׻ֻΪӣҲԵϢñϳһſվл
˸͸λ
лҪſϽ³ء\ԨտлһȻԵã˿û˼òڡ
һ뿪\Ԩ̤\ԨڶѪ߹ãǣֽ³ءлԼֻǹİˣոͬġ
лڽĶͨƷӵ¡
Ҫ̽Բǧڵһ顣
\ԨռطԲףлֻܿ̽ǧ׷ΧڣѾ㹻ˣջа壬ҲȻǧ׵ķΧ֮š
ﵽľ磬лʩչĶͨѾģģܹһЩӰˣȻǾۼˣҲֵܷĵ
Ķ֮ͨ£ÿһ˵ĺѪƳȵȣֳлҲܹжһ˵ʵǿ
һ鿴лһ
ǰվʮˣģĿ⣬ʮ˵ĺ󷽣ȻҲһɷǳ޵ǳǿловǾͿɲͨǿ̶ˡ
ÿ𣿡տɲ֪л˼лǷŭ\ԨҲˣ뿪˸ߣǿЦ֮ҿɲʲôѪѪģֻ֪ҵˣԼ˽㣬ǿЦ
лһѲ鸶ǹǿһ˵һ\Ԩ֮λûʸȥΪ֪ҪΪȱʥŮأڳΪʥŮ֮ǰͺ³͵ԽǴŮΪ³صһŮкʸΪʥŮΪʥŮݣʥŮŻյģʣ㶼ûʸΪʥŮγΪģ\Ԩ˵Ѫ֮£ǿЦ߹£ô˵㸶Ҳ߹ˣȻ߹\Ԩ˼ûʸҫ
˵ڵƳΪʥŮ֮ǰͲǴŮ飬ôŭӣĿĶл޲ý˺顣
ΪǲɸĵʵлҪ̸УǾͻճ
лЦأ
޷̽˭жǿǷˣҪճһ̽뷨
Ǿû̸ˡյ
Ȼˣ³˼ͽҲûˣɱˣлȵ
³صĸּ̽³ڵϣγһѾ޵ŻԵ³صĲϱ㿳ȥ
еľٶպʮսʶһ㶡
Ȼû뵽лǿնɱ³أûбˣȻҶָе⡣

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лֹˣ˱㽫޵³صĲϣȴл˵λ
Ҿеӥ֮ˡˣʮսҽܵ
ԼװĺӥһӥһūŰˡлƲ
Ŀһ䣬ɱȻıлˣùסԼͣȻôĶ֪

лЦôĶ֪Ҳ˵ֻӥͷҲû˵ңϼҪΪҿʮսʾ˲ãڱɳȫ㣬ɱҶԣͬһֻǰ򵥡
̫ˣ˴ŭ
ϵʱһױȵѹ
лǰһ˫ֵȻԵãȫǹɺ嫵ѹڵʵһʮսʵĸ֡
ۼлȻ߳˲Ц
Ҳǰһͬһħɽƶ㣬ڳ˵ͷĪһ·Զʱѹʮ
ǹۻѹɽŽսѹȵĹڵأѪԣ˽սܹѹȶ
лһ΢磬ѹǿǺ޸о
һøɫ΢䣬ǴҲɫʶ˴̸пûôˡ
лһ㽻ΡȻ³طǳĵģǴڶ³صİΪ³صѪԺаֳ³صڱصá
лĵö³Ҳһļֵˣðɣ˵ɣʲô
ձл˵һ鴤\Ԩ˭Ҷָֻţ˷лӶķ̣ҽҴ˽Ͷл֮ˣл³أɱȥл˺ƬˣʱҲֻǿǹɼŭ
ŴͣлҲǰԵͷܹôŮӶҪԸͷˣȷ򵥣ͷǳܱȵġ
ö飡һһöӨ͸˸ŵˮӡ
Ӻͨ˴Ĵָָ׸ǴСһЩҪСĶ࣬ɢһ˿΢ԲǺԵģʾķǷ
飿û˵лۣЦŴգò˵棬Լһöӣ˵ʲôɡ
ǻˣ϶װģ˵ʶ˶ԷƷļֵ
лֱӵ˵ôպǲӦһʼлĸֱ֣ÿǺܶ࣬Ҫռһ޷ֵĸо
\Ԩĵһպܿ侲ʼİ
\Ԩƺûôһɡ
Цʲô\ԨƿأʲôνʥŮʸ֪𣿡
üһ༥ƿصģŮôģ֪ΪǣɱŮ㻹ǹԹԵҳΪʥŮ
ʲô
ԭĴ׻˫ĿɭĺâŭɱҵŮ
ңЦνʲôŮʥŮ֮λһֳﻮģҪŮΪʥŮĸŮȫƿ\Ԩֻһİˣû뵽ɣ֪Ůݣҽɱˡ
ɱ㣡տŭ
һеıҪ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ֻҪҳȻһʱ佫
侲˼æ³شˡ
ŭĴҧĶͷ֣һҪ˶ɵħƵģ
Ȼ
費֪꣬˷ڿԳһڶˣҲ֪ܹŭգ䲻һж֣ҲռݸƣƵŶŮǰҪתһ仰أ벻


1652  Ѫ̸֮С
Щ񶾵˵лоԼҲеаˡ
ȻܹСʧȡʤҪģЩʱ򣬶һЩֶҲ޿ɺǵģοڵ\Ԩ߲㶼費֪꣬ѹ̫ԸյޣлᷢйǺѿסģʱ򣬱Ҳײ಻Ҫ鷳
лȻţ졣
Ҫתʲôҧгݵĵ
縶գȻܹ뵽ܲʲôûжһ뵽Ů޿̡
ƽĵ˵Ůֻ±ӰȵͨˣֵǱڰյУȥˣԶ˵һֽѣҪлҰˡ
ϵļڳ鴤ڲ
⻰ȷǹġ
лҲȻĿεĵԭֻʵѣұġ
۾ں峺лû˵ʲô
ǴȴѾ˱ıԵ˫ȭսǼ͵ɷ³رܣ˼УŮ£޿̵ĵزʱܱ
˼״̾һ֪Ѿ޷ܵĵزֻԷǳ͵ӣ󣬻ᡣ
̶̼֣лĶͨġ
лƳһǱǸĵطٿеӣɵðЦ
ŭĴ֮ŭʱѹȥɨһۣұץס㣬ҪãáȻ׸лܹѰԨʥˮһˮĹܣ֤һǷʵ
ǷŸ˵Ļлһͬһ˿Ȥǻɣʲôı
ã
δл֣վһԵüȻһкâһа񽣳Уһ㣬ֱǷӡ
һˮ֮ĹѸٵתаڡ

ˮ֮еʹһ±㽫аҲ֮棬һӱа񽣸ˡ
ӻ㣬һֵķ·𱻲ӥħ޵Ӱ
ӥ꣡лߵ
գͬʱˮ֮ģ
һۣŮԽԽĬǼͬʱ֣һȥĿ궼Ǳֲŵӥꡣ
Ƕսʣ߽սʣҪɱӥ꣬ѱȵ죬ӥ֮ǰͱˮй¶ˮȻǴյ޷ӥ꣬ȴܹͨˮ֮ĸպˮϵʹˮΪɱӥһӱӥش
֮Ů١
Уӥ귢Ĳҽ㳹׷ˡ
һҽУͬ˫ʧȥġ
ɱ
տԼıʶƣϵ´˱ɱֱɱȥҪ³ء
ڸһ
ȻҪĿĲԶһˮ֮ģǿвлʵġ
Ļлɱ
ɱ³أлĵ
䣡
ǿƺܱĿ³صȻһ̷˾ޱ䣬ͷǻ˻ɫģһ汬ǿľŽս۷弶ҲȻǺ׻ǿߺˡ
о޵һΣѪɽ³ͷ˳ȥգͬʱҲɱա
ĺ׻ŽսʥŮĸҲͳͳ
лҲһס˸˵ȥ·
ȥлߵȭ˸һĵ⣬̺ſֲսһȭصĺȥ
һȭӭ
أ
ȭͷײʱ˵籩ֱܸҪ˴ײɱˣȴòˣӲǿմһƬء
żȭ׶սʼļӳ֣лһȭɱȲȭ׵ʱǿʢĶࡣ
սǶİ˱
˱ǸʲôǾܹóʮսʵǿߺյģ˼ӳ֣ʹлһȭ;ס
ûôл̫㷽ֵܹѹȣҲϾǾŽսʰˣҪ֪ʮսʣǿ˼綼ŵġ
һȭĽǸ˱лһȭ߰˲
ȵ³ػ磬˵³ظ³ȫֻ߳ɵлҲȫû³ǰܻ׽Լ
һ֮£ȫ𾪡
𣡡
һ޺ǴӾлѡ
һӴӰӺ󷽳Ǿ޴ǳǶݺݵлײȥ
ֲֻ֮ǷӳײĿ磬þŽսʼĸһ޷ֿò˾ٶ
ʵ
лҲ̧ͷħ޵Ӱ
峤ʮңħţһ㣬ȴͷһչǷԲʮ׵һβͣ۵ͷֻһǣǺɫģ˸İ֮⡣

˿ħޣ㱬ħ޵ݡ
ǺʮĵطһѪһħޣΪ̳ȫص㣬Ҿб廹µʶħޣȴ֮Ϊǿ
ⰵͬǳʮսʵĿֲǿߡ
͸ͬȼģۼսȴǿһЩܹһھͿɻɱ˵ģǴ˴δմǿߡ
𣡡
Ұۼͷһͬǹ棬ǰ߱ΪֲܹһһɽģԿµĹʮսʼǿҲѡõġ
İĶǣл˸һĨâ
ſȻȭȻֳֿɵҲ̺ȫսİĶǱնȥ
ƶն
㰵һǲǺųƴͬ޵ҾҪʲô̶ȡ
л֣ڶԷǿԷˣĸˣҲ״˵ġ
𣡡
״ŭˣȫļⶼˣĲײ
˵Улһֵն档
أ
һ죬˵Ķ䶼죬һҪʧϵĸо
ҲһҵĲվȵ
ž
һ춯
˵Ҳ֮Ȼһ£أл͸˼ս֮ǰǻΪʤɣȴûаˡ
һĿơ
ͿһСغɫĹ䡣
ǲĿ򰵺ڶȴҽأǸǹĶѾ۶ϡ
Ҷѷ죬ﵽ˸ʾлһֵĿµ
㣬̫ˣлһָҡҡ˵һ˶ҪѪĻⰵεȿֲʮսʾ꣬ʵģδĶ֣Ϊֹ˼ǿ˰Ȼ˵̫ˡ
ŭ˻𣬿ͷʹٶȳȥ
лӵһ㰵͸ˣһɣҿʮսʵжǿ


1653  ʦһ
һ˶սʮսǿߣʲô
˿лĿⶼˣƺڿһĹҪ֪лľɻûʮսʼء
Խսսʮսʣһ¾𺳡
лĻͺħһ㣬ĸһƸ߰ǺȺ׻˶ǸеѪҺˣǶлʶ֮࣬ԼʥǣҪԭлǵľ֮񿴵лᣬ˾˵ʵеͶʥû
෴Ǵߵˣһйˡ
Ŀø˱ˣشǵģҵֿͷ
ɱ
ŭˣкҫһ˸ɭ亮â񵶣ȫĶ˵ơ
Ҫ
𣡡
ҲǷƵŭȫһɾˮƺҪһ㡣
һһҪˡ
лЦһó񵶡
ս߶Ծɱŵ̱һʮ׵ĵݺѹһ
ֳֵбָ߿գлһһĵɣȶ֣ʡһ֣Ǿûˡ
л̫ˣΪǲĶƾһҪǣ˵Σŭ
ǣҪ㣡
һ䣬Ǳˡ
˷ǽԶʧȥǶǣʹڽսЧġ
ˢ
Ӱһ
˵һٵذ㣬һն£һնطֿ޿赲һ
ǰſһɵˮ
лһ˿Ц⣬žĶͨĲ̽Ѿ֪ʵѷɫ٣аĺ׻˸ϵҲḶ൱ۣܹɱǣһͷһܼʧİ취
޶
ƶն
л񵶾˫ֺգս񱩵ļȥɱ˱նȥ
߼ƶնĴںϡ
޶ڵñںϸֶƶնںѾﵽлʩչļޡ
лһնȥ
սĵⳤʮףˢһ±ȥûʲô춯صĴƣֻͬһͨĵƵء
ɾôһͨĵ⣬ײ˵֮󣬾ͬ˶һ㣬ɵӹ񵶱㱻նˣҲڸ˵ϣ֪û񵶼ֱͣӱˡ
ǿֲĵƲ
ǰһˮҲˣڰӹһӱһѪ죬ҽźɳȥȺֿɾˣӹн˱Ĩɱˡ
𣡡
ʹİĿ־ˡ
һɱʮսʵĸˣʵܹģ־İҲģڿնŶϷȥȻѡܡ
ϷѪ֮˾ۼĺ֮ء
лһѸ׷ȥĿ껹ʦ˶˵ûжҪԵġ
һ߿գлȻ뵽ĴǷǳǿģңңһ㣬Һ̬սӿȥ
ɱ֮ױ
ȥһӾͽȺʵǿĸָˣȺͱϢ棬һС
ʧǰľʬ塣
л֮䣬Ĩɱʮ֣ôһӾˣ뵽лǿ˵ز
λһͳͳնɱȥ׷ɱлҲ˸Ϲаĺ׻ˡ
аͷܹͨϵģҲʧȥϵ׷ǰɱȥ
Ҳչһɱ壬ȸ߲㶼֪ģлҪȥѪ֮˾ۼصģǱЩնɱЩȥ֧Ԯ
ٶȺܿ죬Ӵܸ졣
лٶ˵̫ˡ
лû׷ȥǸں棬׷ţŰֻƴļӴܡ
лҲóξƺܿĵָ۷״̬
Сʱ֮һǺܴĺлڣǺ˿һսڽС
ʮֽΧˣȫǰƽ
лҲһۿһˣǾʥˮ峤ʥˮ֮öа
ȻʥˮаյΧ⺣Ѫ֮ˡ
ֻ˫ƺ಻̫Ѫ֮ƴֿţٶȺܻұ˴˶жɱ˭Ҳκβ˭ġ
𣡡
ҵ֮㷢Ƶطһ˻𣬾춯أѹǹɱ𶯵ĺˮһƬˮˡ
ϵѪ֮ȻϵְôһӣлȻ٣˵һֱɱȥ
ǵİôһ˲илɱˡ
ۣ
˵Խ
һΪ룬ʬ׹󺣡
лӰҲ˵֮ڣǿ𺳵˶һöǼǵãǺܾõʱǰлʵֻ߽սʵľ磬Ȼͽնɱʮսʵİ
𣡡
л׷ɱڸ߿գܹ۵ףһ۱㿴һŲ¥ߵļ̨˸ţһվһöˮӦþʦ뵽ҪƵģɵôŭһˣ񵶣ֱӳɱǼ̨档
ľٶɰöһ
Ѫۼ֮һʦ֪ж٣ʥˮصˣҲǿƳء
л٣Σգöе
лɹ˲ô࣬ҪǽǼ̨ʦͿɱƵģ뵽Сƨˣܲˡ
𣡡
аҲһȫɱȥ
֪лڵҪԣǶҪԣ´ʥˮаյ̫⣬һ£صַ׷׵ĳ֣ʮ֮࣬ȫʮսʼǿߣĿǴȥ»ᾪ˼ġ
Ǽ̨ϵʦ۵¶һĨЦ⡣
˵꿴ȥҲʮ߰ӣҲ˼ģԵøӵĳһЩתˮҲƯڿУлˣл֮أ񵶣ۣ˼ڼؽѹ磡
ȴ鷽ԲǧڵķΧ
һжˮĹ͡
壿
лͷһȻ˼ҿʦܹԤδģһǽ̨ʱԤ´ﵽǰδеĵزȫԤ⵽Լĵ塣
ͷʦɱ
ƽһ仰𶯡
ƾ춯أʮǿ߳ӥĸ֣ĽˣжǿߣһЩħޡ
Щʵǿ֮ġ
ʮֱ߿գӹлʥˮаյʮʮսʸĸΧл
ҪɱңûôףлЦȻ׹
ֻҪ˫Ŵ棬Ͳ¡
ʦЦûʩչġ
£ͿһĲţȻһ޴󷨣˴ء
ʮֺħ޿˻ųɱ


1654  ʦ
ЩǿߣħȻûһʮսʣϾʮսʿɲô׳ֵģȴȫǾŽս۷弶ܹ߰˸ʮսʵϵõʵӵĿֲ
ʥˮ巽򶼱赲
лֻܿԼ
Լʦˣ壬ҲҪնɱʵǹؼ
Ƶ磡

лһӽٶȱʵѾھŽսʵĵزǰĿ粽ûдﵽŽս۷弶ɾҲǺԶˣȫ汬ٶ֮ҲǵһΣǿ쵽˼ޡ
ˢ
ͺһӰɲǼȥӲЩΧǿߺħǻûüӦǵķ϶п쭳ȥ
ƾٶ׾ٵĴԽǵİΧȦ
һ˶ĿɿڴöԼ۾ЩʮսҲе㷸ɵΪԼˡ
ܣܣʵҶ̨ԤˣοٶأԤʵô࣬οܡʦɫҲˡ
֪лڿռġ
ռ磬ʲôط˵֣ҲԤ⵽浽׷ʲôģȻġ
һ·쭣Щǿߺħ˦
˲ϢǼ̨׵ľ룬Ѿٶȷӵ˼ޣԽ˺˵̶֪ˡ
л۱ʦˣֻһͷʦնɱΣҲԼԺĵ·Σճ̶౶ģڣԼͷ·ʱһ㡣
ಣಣಣಣ
лҪ쮹ȥʱ򣬶ȻĺХ
Ӱ
ӰǱЯˮ׺磬еģǻɫļУˮɫУɫļкɫļ涼ŵţ˸ŹΣźǿķ
ս꣡
ϵս꣬ʵʮսʵս꣬ȻɵĿֲʵƱ̬

лɲնɱʦ֮ʣģ˵һֱӳɱȥǳٶȣĻһŤתرѵļơ
֮ŭ
һ̺ɱ⣬ҲǾ춯صġ
أأ
ǻϵսϵսսǿҼллֱӳײδ赲Ƭ̡
лǰ
ˢ
쵽˼ޣǷϵս죬Ȼһӱ嵽ǰл赲ȥ·
л״һ漴׹νķϵսǾǱط־ɷϵɵģٶǱܣͺ֮һ
һĹսٶɱ
Щ֮ǰ˦Žս۷弶ǿߺħҲɱٶûǰл˦ǾҲԶͱϵսˣʶ׷ҲѸ١
ҳȫǣлбָأӿһɿ񱩵ϢǺȻ֮
ȫֱ֮ӻһɫӿлʶڣǺ纣Һ̬
ڵлܹҺ̬Ѿﵽһ˾ĵز˫Ŀһ䣬ȵ籩
һ籩ΪɢȥһӽԲڵ˶ϯУѾﵽ㾳Һ̬Ǿϯء
¡¡
޴𶯵춼춯
ͺƽһףռڣһأΪⷽǣǧ׵˶оǿֲ˺Щеˣ֪ĺ
籩ͣЪ
лȻΧϵսԼŽս۷弶ǿߺħޣͳͳĵ棬󲿷ѾĨɱлģҲָָܹ֮δ֪
ֵˣл񵶵ָʦ
ƶؼ䣬˾
ǶԾĶʮʮսǶо˾壬ʵֲ̫ˣǰѾԽֿܹĵز
ʥˮаյǿѪڣܵź
Ϊ׼֣˼򵥡ʦЦе˵˵ʵȷҵԤ⣬ȻǱɵġˮһɣӥ
ݣ
һɫĹ綸ȻӵðһִǾڵһڿлƽƽˡ
һȫƤɫˡ
ͷĺڷɫƤԵøĴۣһ˫ӥۣһӥӣ΢ּӥ๰ͣ˫ӥצ״Ҳɫģһɫȶš
էȥͬһֻɫӥ
ɢƣȴ˸еȻǾԲǳʮսʼǿߣʮսʼ൱̵ĳǿߣмʮĿޣܹﵽʮս۷弶ġ
ܹһնɱʮսʼǿߵĿֲ֡
Һ̬ʩչľ籩ǿܶʩչӦһͻƣʮս۷弶ĸ֡ʦЦеĵ
лɫ
ɲǳʮսʵĸܱȵġ
ĿսŸոտʼ
˼Сӣ㻹ҪҶ𣿡ӥڵ
ΪӥѪеĸ߹Ѫ˼УӥѪֿȵĸ֣ǻع磬Ҳǵõӥصĳǿߡ
ɱңⲻ˲ޣ޲Ķʸ񡣡л༥

ӥԣɵñŭ˵ɻἰģʢŭ֮£ɫȶһɫĹɱ˹
ٶǿ쵽˼ޡ
лжǿ˵
ҲûжƾٶȣĲôӥٶȷ񵶺âһնȥ
أ
һײл͸еԼսһͣȻĲɢҲһѣ󵹷ɳȥʮס
ӥħһ˻׷ɱ
һл֪вࡣ
мǿĶҲδӥĶ֣˷ʱ䣬Χ£Ļᣬл漴潻棬Ҳٶȷ˳
ˢͬһ㣬ӥһӹȥĿֱʦ
ӥһ˿գҲǰԾлٶȣȴл˺ʦһһġ
ˢˢˢ
ӥ׷л֣һɫĹ߱㱬ȥҪл޷ɱʦġ
ػʥ壡
лһöػ֮ܣ嶼һγǿķ
ء
ЩɫĹߺػ֮棬ҲǴĳһѺۣȴûллһתۼ䣬Ѿʦǰ
еҲ׺ݵնɱȥ
ʦǷһ˿ЦḧˮˮȻ֮һصл
ޱȣлѾֻһ
֪ȻԶƿ񵶵ĸ񵲣·֪񵶵Ŀֲһ㣬ֱӻлλá
лһûʹо
Ч
֮еԼһ𲨶ȻרŹģһ¿ɴ̼л𶯣һĨɫĹâ
ʲô
Ǿزַ
䣡
һſֲĽɫ˸صҲ֮ɫĹҲػˮ档
һ֮£ˮ⻪ʢ֮һѺۡ
ʦһɫ䣬֪лȴû뵽ˮ̺ŵ֮ȻҲ̼꣬ı֮ıл˵ģȴ⵽Եķ
أ
ˮѡ
ʦѪڼ̨档
лӵնɱʦ


1655  ݡһ
ɱһڳʮսʵǿ߶ԵֵģҪ˵սΪʦ߱ľܹıһ˵֮һùκγɹڼ飬ĪʧܣʦĻǵʹôڼ̨ڵ֮ͨˮȥȻл꣬⹥ֻҵĵȴС
ʦĿлƺҪԼɱ֮˵ӡ
ƾʦݣˮκζв飬ܹԤĵǰ壬ɱôģԤ⵽лܻǰ塣
˶壬ôĸ֣ĿУлɵġ
û뵽лȻԤʵǿ࣬Ǳ̬ٶȣǿƳʮֹģľء
л
ӥ߹ѪӥһĻˣͨɫľȻнɫ֡
߶ȵĴ̼ӥɱļ
ӥ֮˵ԣڴˣӥ߱ӥصܹΪӥĻʵᱩôӥҲﵽʮսʵ۷徳磬ӥ߱ǿ󶷼ǿԺɨһеǿڡ
һĨɫĹӥϸ֣ٶҲȻһߣˢһ±㵽лı༸׵£ձ׺ݵĴһȭһ޴ȭӰһŽɫɫӥ׺ݵĺлѾѵػ֮ܡ
лɫ΢䡣
ܸеһȭѾܵ޵ػ֮лģôһͿػϡ

ȻʧȥһɱʦĻᣬǰĻӥȻܹʦɳûߡ
һҧѡӲ
ʧȥһλᣬͿԶʧȥᣬʦŵвʵ̫̫ˣԲ¡
лնȥҲŬһƶñҪλشˡ
꣡
Ѿ๥ػ֮ӥŭһ֮£Ȼ飬ûκεֿĿԡ
ػ֮飬лϣǺλõģлƶ档
лҲеʹ֮󣬱ʧȥ֪۶û˸оʹҧȫһҲػʥ壬ǻˣ۶ˣݺݵնȥ
ɱʦ
˺ԼİΣҲҪնɱʦӥ׵ľˣлĵֿͬʱҲƷζлʦıɱ֮ģѾֵˣЩ̵ı۾
ˢ
񵶱һ⣬ʵ޻ȴޱȣɽż̨ݻٵĿֲ
ݣ
նµһ˲䣬һĺХȻлĶУһâĿֱָĲٶ֮죬֮ǿлɫ䣬ǻĻȻͷնµġ
̫죬̫ݣ̫̫ˡ
һ޷ֵ
лԼһնɱʦҲȻնɱģʦ
˭
˿٣ǿһɱӥһȭҪ£ʵ޽ӽʮս۷弶ǿߣµһ
ȡʦлɲԼȥǿһ֮£ΨзʦȻһȻҲһͬһ㣬ҷҲɨ˴̳һĸ֡
һϮȫڵ׳ûб¶ֻһѷĳ
л˷̺ǿҲ֮һá

һɺȻĽ
лս֮⣬ȻǶİ˱ĲʵǴ󣬼֮˼һǷӵޣлӵ񵶣ֱһ飬ѪӿܵҲŷɳȥ
˫δأ⶷˱Ӱεɱ
죬쵽ӥҲȻĵز
쵽ле㾪̾ĵزܹٶȣȾӥĲһ㡣
ƾٶȣܹ׷ɱлĵز
תл׹˫̤أҲһնɱĽ档
ٶײл죬ĵ̫࣬Ѿ޷ӳȫӲǿţѹǷ֮Լûط˫ףԾ໮ȥʮס
˻
ʱ̹עӥһûɱȥ
ֽ⣬һߣ˫ץ
Ƕ˵Ĺֱߣ㴭ϢĻᣬҪնɱ
л۽ǿǶڿлߣٶɱҪصġ

ɱΣлɢʮлӰǵص˳ɱȥ
ӥɫ΢䣬ÿһлӰ涼һǿ޷ֱһ棬һǼ١

ʱǶȴ𶯣²γһɲǼ両ĽӰ
ܼĽӰ£елͳͳɢ
лûüû뿪ǵĹأǶͶ̵˽⡣
֮Ʒ磡
ˢ
ͺƾʧһ㣬һר˵ӾǵҲǷһʽֻлûƣһ֮󣬾пƽ⣬û֮ǰ޷ƽġ
ǰˣӦƽġ

Ƕ˷һ˻ƵƿԼʵߣһ㡣
ž
һʧл㷢һʹУſһѪҲ˵ϷԼ׵ĸ߶ȣǡǡ޷ĵط
Ƽء
һ˶л𺳸֮ƷȻƽˣһʶƽ⣬лܹ⣬⶷˼
ûƽģ
лŶˣ˽Լʵֶ¶ı䣬ѵԼʶˣȻĻΪʲôˣһ㣬ǵ˵ĻӲ㡣
Լˣ
Ϥˣ
ͷһðлɫ΢䣬˵Ŀ˸һĨ⣬Ȼ⶷ȫζ޷лĶͨȴܹĺѪȵȡ
һϤͷ
лˣ˭
ɱˣԾɴ˻ƣԷֱʵһٶȳ
ӥҲ˻һ𶯡
ҪɱңҪ۵ģл񵶾һϢɢһ̬
յǿĶݣ
лҲҪ⶷⿪˵Ķ񣬿ĿʱҪ˭


1656  ݡ
Ϣһɹɵͷų
µĵطڴˣϢֻлЯģûʲôģһʩչ⶷ǻͬľЩʱһһƵأܹɢѹպյ
һ֮Щ
֮أѹһģһͷųֱӽӥѹȵɫ䣬òˣе񽣶һʾĵı仯
ǱɱĶֹʩչ˶Ϻȵ
˺ӥǰлʩչ
лһ˿Ц
ʩչĻȷЩѣĸĽлʩչٶȣҪ˷ʱ䡣
𣡡
л׳ХһӲӵ㣬һ̣˵ĸоǻΪʣؼһУ˹ΨҶİһ࣬ѹʮ
׷׳ݡ
ǵĸ׳ݣƺԵעлϣʹлɢٱƻʵɢȥʦǰµĽص󷨶ʼ飬ѿҲ޷ֹлʩչǿֲѹǱȵ˺ӥ޷ǰͬһ㡣
л񵶸߸߾
Ҳ䣬ͳͳӿ֮ڣڵĽɫҲҡ֮С
֮ϱŷһɽͱƵĵ⡣
Ǿ
پȭ׼ӳֵսתȥʹ̺֮ضΪ֮ɫ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ݣ
л˻һ񵶺Ȼն¡

һ簵޹⣬ĩ٣Ǻƺĵ⸲ǷԲǧ׵ķΧڣϵѹʮ޿ӱܵġ
λҪţע̨ڣʦ״˻
˺ӥδ˿ͣ٣ǶʦĻȫεģ㷭̨Դ߶ֱӺǼ̨֮ڡ
ͿǼ̨ͻأĲѸٵڳһ޴֣Ҫ̨˶С
ˣлǿһԾǺȻն¡
䣡
һն
ǹʱһ貵Ĺâ˷Ѹٵӳȥͬն㣬ǹâأϵӦ
ǡ䣡
ױȵһ֮£ǹվδֵסѺۣ󳹵׵ı顣
ֲҲֱվڼ̨Ϸʦ
˺ӥŭһ𣬴ҽֵ

ȫһֵҲҷȥǿֲҲδʦϡ
ֲһԴʧ
ػָ
ʦվڼ̨ˣȻĶлĵǿʩչ϶ѾлЩ֧ˣڴڵĴŴ񵶲ڵϣžĵϵʪ͸ˡ
̫Ѿǽƣ
ڵлһɵ޷ӳˡ
ˣǶûѣƺһ˶ûУûжģȻܹǿս
ӥѷɫĶˣȫˣëͺͺģȥ쳣ǱĿ׺ݣԾ൱ս
лɣվûӹ˵İţֻСʦ˵
лˣҲߵˡл֧ţŬվֱ塣
ʦǷһ˿Ц⣬ҵҪ㻹ʲôᣬؼ䣬ĸֿΪҲǰһ֮ġһл㣬ɣ
лûлشֻǹһ˿Ц⡣
ӥɱʦȵ
û⣡
ӥѪͷ촽ֻܹɱͷԵлҵҡ
һЦлȥ
ƻʵƲ͵ģѹлллٵĻָǷѹлеӱܷ򣬿˵ӥǲлһ˿Ļᡣ
Ҳʦһԣؿš
ҲʦЩɻΪԤУû˵ĳ֣Ҳûлǿ˵һԤ⳹׵Ĵ
лӵ񵶣꣬ǸʦԤ⣬ǿģ˾ȻܹԤг֣ͺѰζˣеܲ⣬벻ͨΪλˡ
Ҳûн͵˼ֻʦܹоԾɴս״̬Ҷлʱ׼һġ
ꡭꡭ
лŴеȫƣĹȣڵսѾĸɾվеЩѡ
ˣлԾЦеĿӥ·ڿһˡ
ӥеĪĲҪ͸лΪʲôˣȴлκοԷΪʤĿܣʶ϶лڳճǼƣӥٶȼӿ죬ડѸٵǰѹԽԽء
ֻʮ׵ʱӥȻһĨ貵Ľ⣬Ȼһ籬ȥ
ȫ
л򻺻ر۾¶һĨȻЦ⡣
ʥ츳˲ָ
ǽѪ䣬ת޶ʥе츳ҲǿƲۣȴϵ̬츳
лʩչĴ٣ûһεġ
ʶ֪Ҳࡣ
֮Ը޼ɵΪֶεף˲ָֻգ۵Ĺ򣬱ָ۷״̬
Һ̬ȫָ
սָ塣
һжع۷ʱ̣ʱʩչ籩ʩչƶնҲ֮ǰĹֻ࣬ʩչһΣ۷ʱ̵ܹʩչء
ˢ
лȻ۾ϢȶƳϵԾǱˮʪ͸Ǹ嵽ǰӥĸоȴ۷ʱ̣Ҫ֪ӥĵĸܹӳһˡ
۷ʱڵлĶ֣
ӥʱѾ˫ֵݳҪ˺л˫̽ھл׵ľʱͣסˡ
ΪлѾࡣ
˵Ļ㲻ţǾֻˡлĵ΢΢һӥ嵱ը
ӥ
лƸ߰ı̨ˡ
ʥ츳˻Ƶ
ⶼܿʥˡлһ˿ʧУʥڵڼ黹δȫ
˳һĵûʥˡ
лܹ²⵽Ҿ߱ʥ츳ôȻ֪ʥᣬҽ䣬֪Щģʥǵĸ߲㣬Ϊҽ䣬㱻׳ΪƵģԣȻʥǵĸ߲㣬ǺĲԱʵ㵽˭ء
ƶǿȻ࣬ЩҪȥʲô֤ݵģϾѰ֤֡˵ҪıѪΪˣϧʧˣûɱ㣬´Σκλġ
´ΣлЦΪܻ뿪𣡡


1657  ݡ
˺ǿлԾǶ֣бɱ籩ݣ޷ɱҲشҴݣʦҲϵʥˮָġ
һʵֲؼʥǸ߲㣬ܹߡ
һ뿪ȻٶȻعʥôԺʥǵһоٶڽʥ͵˵ע£ܹսдȥ
˵ҪʦҪҪˡ
ɱҵġ˵ĵ
лЦ̫ˣ
˷ֽ񽣲̨棬԰ɡ
񽣲̨Ǽ̨ҲҵĲ·񽣲ĵطǼ̨һؼλá
ʼչע˵ʦλã۾ʱԲǿ̨˷һ㵭ĹƺĳĪ֮Ȼĵ㣬㣬ǡ
ҡ˵
ʦŵһҺĲš
˵Ҫڵҵˣڱδɡ
֮Ҳӡʦĵ
ǵľٶлʶ˵ݿǸӲˣʦʲôݣ磬ͷκһ˶ҪԴģȻ𾴡
ʲôݣ
лӦ̨漤ӵǿҲ룬ϴ߶ȫ֮
𣡡
ը졣
Զа׳ХǾŽս۷弶ȴʮսʵģʶ޷лģȴлˡ
һ̺ŵ֮ҲȻлӿ֮һ
˹ɵЯл֮߱ǿıֹϾа̫ˡ
֮۳ɵһӱлʶС
лҺ̬ɽףǾ൱ڳģֻлʵޣܹܹ֮࣬ӵаҺ̬֮ǰȥ
˰Һ̬һ𶯣˵ľ涼ҵĲЩʮսҲ⣬·٣Ҫһһʥһ㣬˸оޱȵĿֲ
񡭡硭
лһһֵıȳ
˻һױȵľ籩ϳ嶯εһƵأֱӽǼ̨Ҫ䳹׵Ľ顣
ֲûɢȥֻҪ̨˺ʦɱġ
ȴܵǣʼѸٵıһѺݺ׵ľ룬⺣ʼķѡ
޾Ļն𶯵ĳһѷ죬ĸֻƴӴܣ޷㡣
Һ̬ľ籩Ŀֲ
ء
ΪΧ˵ģ̨淺һػȴ޿赲˲飬̨Ҳļ󣬶˵˺ʦҲЩ޷վΣȴ˵ֿ
ֻ˫չǷһ˿Ц⣬۾зİĹâ·ڻâʢжڵҲ޷ˣ˸оͷ·ڶڷš
ͻͻ
һεĲ
˵ڶȻһǿ
ɿֲֻ΢Ĳһ£Ϳлǿ񱩶ľ籩ͬϨһ㣬Ѹٵɢˡ
źܹģȻ΢Ķ֮£㱻Ĩƽˡ
һĻлг
ЩԼ۾ʵ
˵ǿһĵزƺ޷ǽľ籩ǿֲǿһСֵġ
Ϊˣ
ʲô˿ֲ
л˼תԺһѿڽгǸصĵͷŶõľǵͷ
һɤӾķԲ׵һ鶼һ
ͷĪ⣬ǿľͷл֪ͷܵ䣬ٵ壬˼ģҼĴһ˵ڣǷѻδ֪
ڿδѣʶѾˣȻ˵ġ
뵽˶ʦ˵ĻԼʦǹ̬ȷԼжˡ
صͷδѣһȫѹ̾ͻָͷʵǿǳȴԶͨ޿ɵֵϴڡ
лɱʤ
˵ɱҵġƽ˵ܹ²⵽ҵʵݣȴԶῴʥڵݣҵˣҽعʥǰȴδΪ֮һ١
Ļ˵꣬һץסʦǲڼ̨ϵһһƹâ˸ǵӰһš
Ǽ̨ȻŴ󷨵ġ
ֱӱ뿪ˡ
лϼ̨Ѿݻ٣޷ʹˣɵó̾һҪɱʦѣҪɱתͷѣֻѰˡ
ЩȥЩѪĸҲ׷׵ӴܣбɱҲˡ
ֻЩ˸ոӳȥײĺ׻ˣһɱʣ޼ˣ󲿷ֱնɱ
ʥˮ壬аյ׻壬\ԨķͳͳľۼѾķѵĺ棬ڼ̨Χվڼ̨ӡ
սͼ򵥵Ķˡ
\ԨΪƿأ\ԨıȷǿˣԾ飬ʥˮаյڵһֳֶʵУϾˮԵģһǺʣͳһ\Ԩƿأɽƿʥˡ
ʥˮ壬аյ׻׷׽ռڡ
ʥˮаյǶԽѩҵˮԵʥֻǰ֮ǰפڵණһЩʱ䡣
ں׻ˣҲѡռ硣
ֻûʺǵأȴںһЩʥأǴһ֣ԶŻԼ׻פص౦ͳͳתƽȥǿռڵĺ׻µפأɱͨʥǿʢĶ࣬ЩνҲٵġ
аҲлŽеĻȥˡ
аҲпޣֻҪޣɴﵽͨ۷弶ĴڣԴ˱չأ´γصʱȻԺˡ
оǺ׻˺ûнȥҪʼշǼ֮Ϊʼصˣ֮𱻺׻˾кƿء
һϵеʱϡ
лȸ𣬴ſռǸɽˮ뿪\Ԩʥ
عʥдĺĸʥǵа֣һֱΪģڱŮڱչУƵҪҪҪںʵ֮ղſԡ
˵а֣Ҫѡŵù˲ʸռģ̵ʲõҪģ˵صдϹ޼֣൱츳Ǳȫֵε˽롣
Щ飬лû̫עֱƷᡣ


1658  Ԥ
ƵסǷյġ
סΧ򰵵а֣а˾ŽսʣʮսʶеģɼİȫϵǷǳߵģҪʦлҪռģȫġ
ǲܻʦȥռ磬Ǳġ
лʱں԰ͤڡ
ֻʮƿȥԭӳˣĿᶨĥѵĸо仯С
ʦĶԾг˲ٿͷлƣЦ˵
Цտʼβ㱻ܣһ߰ڼֹˣҵΪҲԵļ£ƺҲҽս˼Ҳûľһʱ䡣
㽻սΪڼҡлĵ
㣿ɫ΢䡣
ͷлûзϣͽľ򵥵˵һ飬˵Ԥǿϧҵ˵Ҳܲڿռͻƣռڵһ޷Ԥģջδܽȴˮݻˡ
л˵ƽȴóеľĶǡ
ΪʦһʦҪĳһˣǴδʧֵģϾܹδЩʲôġ
˵ˮ򣿡ƳԾĵ
лЦûʧȥˮʱӦûռϷ˰ɣǻУǾ̫ʧˡ
ȷĴݻˮ򣿸Һֵ֮ʼռϷ磬Ϊˮһص֮Ӧ˼ʱΪ⵽ؼʶ䣬֮֮Ī⣬ʦǿܹıһˣ֮ģȻֻʣ·ǳǳϡٵһߣҲӦܹɴݻٵİ˵
л֪֮˵Ŀ¡
ҵȻ֪δݻ֮ʦȻ֮Ըңҵꡣл˵
֮ꣿ֮ϵȻ
֪Ϊλϵлʼ硣
ȷʲô֮
Ƴ꣬Ǿ֮֮ҲؼصͬҪǷͻƺҲпܵģϾصϲַ֮Ҳܵġ˵˰죬¶ϲ֮ɫʧȥ֮ٵˮҵĶˡ
ǺãڱԤһʲôطǿԵĻҪĨɱлҲ뵽ˣӦһġ
һ£
ҲĴ
ʧȥ֮ʦδؾĶ֡
Ʊóˮ򣬿ˮɢɵĹƯڰУϵǳۣеǳų˿˿ǳ֮⣬˫ſʮָ趯Ĺδˮڡ
ԱߵлԸоһصδӴһе֮ȴЩͬӦǼԶԶѷɫ֮ǵġ
ˮֳ˼ɽӷꡣ
л´½һУ޵۶ͼ޵۶˺ɽ
Ļת
Ƭ֮Ȼֹͣ˫ʮָҲֹͣ趯ˮһͿ澰ɫ䣬ޱ߼ʵĺˮϿڷУһȻˣһǱ˴ŵʦ
лδгˮڳֳʦӦ˫ĿâƺĿԡ
ͿʦЦһһٶȳһˮ
öˮ׺һЩǳͼ
ǳˮ򣡡ƾ
ʦöǳˮɢһĨ貵ĹâһӾͽԼмڲ
ˮһƬģҲ
ǳˮ𣿡лʵ
ǳɫصĵΨһλʦ޵ӳ֣ſܳɾǳˮȻ֮ѷɫһЩҪԾĻʤϡ
лЦҿʤ
ҡƸһ£ͿлгһöˮɢĹӲϢ۾Ҫɳˣ⣬ǡ
еõģҶʦˮҵֱӦñ֮Ҫµġл˵
Ҳоƺǿǳǿɱ֮ǿ²̫ܰɡɻĵ
һЦлǿأ֮׽׵ǿأ
ƳӦǰ֮ף˵ֻǾ߱һ㱻׼ȡֲĽɫһˡ
ǾͶˣˮеǽеͷųһָģҸ˵ǳĿֲҡл˵һ٣Ķͨſķ¼ԶʥʺĶԻҲ¼սḶܹ́¼Щˮܲ𣿡
һҲ
лЦɴˮϣܹҴӺʵڳʱ򣬽ʦɵ
ⲻ󣬲ҪɵҪƣˮҪؼʱ̲ܱ¶ڻǲҪ׶õĺá˵
лͷףԼţܹʦ˵ĻᣬԤֵܳĵط
û⣬ڱ㿪ʼ֣Ԥ⵽֮󣬱ȥ֪ͨ㡣˵
л뿪ˡ
иҪ飬Ǿ
˭ʸռ飬лѾͨڴ˴ԲڵĿռ䴫󷨣͹԰ţлĵ죬ڿռĳط
лع飬˵ʥǸ߲Уˣ治٣ҲҪһһŲ飬һͷĴˡ
һϵе鶼ɵĽš
лҲûжϡ
ڿռڣʮѾʼ½ˣǼҲҹħļ
ڰְҲһ֮˿ʼ͸ˡ
˱̡
̵ȶδܲ͸
µʱת˲š
ںʵһˣлҲûв֣ȥˣмˣؼ϶Ծϵصж´󲿷֣ҲȫķԼƣһˡ
лܹһеİ
ռ磬ǺߣҪȥʺлأҪʱ̫лҲ鲻ԱѰһĵطˣµĿޣҲлڴﵽ˾Žս۷弶ľ硣
Žս۷弶ʵʮսֻһ֮ңȥͽлʱ˼ﵽˡ
ֻµʱ㾳磬лٶȳ죬ҲΪռڵԪʵǳĳĵزҪģƴϢѾԤ⵽ʦ˿ֵܳĵطлͣ
¹ȥˣѪӡӰ쳹ʧ
еʮսʶѾʮս۷弶ĸ֣ǿҪȥֵģ뵽˿ֲͷлѡԼ֮⣬˿޷ӦϾҺ̬ǽеףԼ޼᲻ݵ񵶡
оԤ⵽ĵطҲֻԳΪǸطǷĶﲻۼеϹǿߣǴ½ػߵפأ


1659  ˼羫Ӣۼ
ԴӷһȻ˼ϣڣϹʱǿǰȥۼ˵ĸ֣˼羫ӢľۼأĳЩҲ
л֪һ㣬Ǿ͸¶½ػ߱ڶлʦŽаʥʱ򣬾½ػѾͷһϣͬ֡
һжлΣС
Ĳ˵һ壬ʥŴıǾԵĵˣǴѩ֪˻ʺͺµܣԶͨĴĳ޲лģһڶνһ塱ͷнЩˣǶл˵ǳصĴ
Ͼʥǵ͸лʦ֧ʥǵģ½ػҲʥǵŶԣǴ½ػϹʥʴģΪԿͷ½ػҲӦʥǲսġ
һжء
һû֣ĿͶĻ
Էһ壬˵ʵлֱܹ׳ʥ֮ڣκǸԵĻһ嶼ڳֻɱġ
Ψлǰȥ
ҲҪ棬лʦѾʧˣĳطչأǳأҲѾȷȨΪ½ػߵʵƿߣǰȥƿش½ػߡ
ʰˡ
ʥҲʼжٿʥȻǰΪ絽Ĵս׼
ǴǱֱ
ʥԶһ·֮ϣû˷Ѷʱ䣬ڿռˮϵؿ޵ģѾﵽ߽ս۷弶ľ磬ʱܿ˽սʵģ١
֮Ǳ붫ڡ
δﵽĿĵأʷˡ
ʷǷһаеĽ׹̣ķ壬ܹΪŲʷˣУʷ˼Ҳٳʹ⻪ģǿܻбΪ߲ʷ˵ġ
ʷ˱лȵǸɽʷˣ˵ǵΨһʷˣڷһʱ˶֮ûټ
ȴͻȻסлȥ·
ǰң֪ν£лĵ
ʷҲ˽䱸֮ģϾǷһĳԱԶʥʵħŹѡ֧Լ壬ǼվԶʥʵϣһδ֪
񵺣㻹ǲҪȥĺáʷЩӵĿлһۡ
ν񵺾Ƿһȸ˼羫ӢۼĵطʮͺһʹֶΣӲƴһ´½ҲСٵĳ󺣵Ǿ˵ڵ˿ڣһС½ء
ǰΪ˵л
ʷ˶Ŀлò̾Ѿң֪һУȻˣҲùĨˣ㲻ȥܷǻỺʹһЩֶΣΪЧģȥˣʱҶΣȴܻʹ벻ֶΣǿĳЩһЩʥǲ顣
ǰ˵ˣҲȥҲ뾡취ҪҵҾ͸Ҫȥˣ˵һ壬Ҳδؾ¡лƽ˵ǰôǳʲô뷨أ

ʷ˳̾һѾָеļ䡣
м䣿л΢΢һһ뷨ʷ仰˵òǴмô򵥡
ԣм䡣ʷ˫𶯣ʵͱɱˣܹ֮ٶȸ˷ԡֻذ֮⣬ҪΪҵһֲҵģǰǰԶʥħʷ˵ģԱȴûȫȥһҵںˣ֪˰ǰ飬Ҳ֪˭ȵʱʷԱġ
лһ񣬵ǰ
ʷ˫Ϻȥдһ壬ҲоأҽȥǰԶʥµķһһϣܹΪ˼սʱ
ʷʧʾͷ
л̾һȻ񵺡
аһ㣬ʷٶлʱȻǺܶԺˣһһųĴڣʼǱ̡
ʷ˵Ļᶨл϶񵺵ҲԼµԶʥʿܻһЩֵġ
֮ǰֻ˵񵺺εȲΪ½ػģԶһֱΪǽأģлﶫ񵺣֪ⲻܳΪ˵Ƕ½ʵģӴޱ߼ʡ
лҲûԼĳ࣬ǹĵ
ǽǶһ˿ڷֵķ̶ȱ֮½۶й֮ڶֵԵĿջ¥˳룬Ե൱ַǷ
лһ㿴壬ˣоһЩжģѩ壬һ壬Žȵ˶ڸûֻЩ˵ʵƽƽӦòǸеĸ߲㡣
ֵĵطҲСħԣлʦаʥ޽꣬ڿռˮϵؿ£ͱˣҪʹһ
ǾֵĸйлҲֻһ㡣
ͣͣлһջǰ׼нջϢһ£Ϳջһ˴¥ǡ档
ǫ
л֣
ͬʱƶԷݡ
¥֮ˣ쳽ǫսżǫҲΪˣлһ۱϶ǫѾﵽ˰˽սʵ۷徳磬ȻѾŽսʵĵزʵչ֮죬Ҳл̾ѡ
л쳽\ԨյĹϵУҪǫΪЩпģɺ֪쳽ֻǲ˾ӥѪ˲ûУȻΧЩѪ֮ʧܣǫȴȻߣл˼ٶȻҪǫ£ʥǣû뵽ﶫ񵺾Ȼˡ
лҪһǫ䰤ŵķ䡣
˱ҪһЩƲˣ뷿䡣
˷ֱǫûʲôȤֻԹԵĳԶͬʱҲ˵Ľ̸оǰС⣬Ե֣СħԸҪô˿ЦãҪôǰĺŮ׽͸ġ
лǫ
Ŵ򿪻ϻӡ
ŮפϲսҲʹʥйȻлݣҲûжС
л֣Դϴηֿʤǫĺءǫ˵
лڰ֣ЦǻҪαƳ𣿡
ɲαƳ磬ʵʵڵǫЩпĵǫҲܹΪ˼羡һõսż֮ʮ㣬ǽأ벻쳽ȻѪ֮˸͸ˣȴ쳽
ˣֵǸŮأлǵǫפϣ߸һŮ˵ģҿǷǳమġ
ǫĵĵɱˡ


1660  
л⻰ˣСħҲȻͣС⣬ȻͷĿ侫ıǫһɲǼ䣬·һƯСŮɱɷڵŮɷǡ
϶һⲨš
·ϣлظţʾСħҪʲô嶯뷨
ǲǾҺܿɶ񣿡ǫɬĵƱһﲱȥȻصĽƱϡ
лֶȻ֮
֮ǫЦȻĳΪ߹ͬõӥѪɴԼǱɾͳ磬Ҳ֪Լ츳ǱȻԸΪۣҪĻҵѪҾȫӥѪΪô࣬ȻңһԭұϺѰѪǧڳɹˣû뵽ѪʱȻٴӥԸңȥ߹
ɱ
ǫЩʹĵͷһŮˣȴΡ
ôҲҪܹԶһӵѪʥҲв٣ֻҪҲΪ˼Чġ
㲻ã߱һ߷ǳϡеѪǼˣҲûʲô⣬ֻҪһΪ˼սɣֶͨΣõѪͨǾ⴦ģʱһͻǱĬһ˷ı䣬Ϊʿǫ˵
ЩõѪ֮˰ıѪˣǵΪл̾һƺ֤ǫĻ֮ˣǰҲԸⱳġ
Ѫޱá
񵺵أлʵ
쳽ˣҾһսʮεսͻƣﵽľ磬Ҫⶫ񵺣Ϊ˼ԿһǰϵһӣҲͨսͻҡǫ˵
лǫԸһİա
Ҳڷһģǳķ񣬲ȻǵõսżҲ˶̵ʱڣﵽ㾳ġ
ֶ֪ԼʥǿȤл˵
ǫЩԥˡ
лЦҪ˵˼ǰߣ񵺻ԶأʥǲעĵطӦò԰ɡ
⵹ǣҲˣлֿͷҪɱ֮ءǫЦ֪лֵʥǷ⵽˼ֵء
ֹԣʦΪĿġл
ʦǫȻ
лͷҴ˷ǰһҪĿľǣԤ⵽ʦܻڶ񵺣Ϊɱʦġ
ǫʦλ⣬κһ磬ǶϵģʦûĵطҲȻֳûĵֺ£лֲҴɡ
ҪԸʥǵĻҺ⡣лЦ
û˵Ȼôɱջ˼ģǫɱħһ㡣ǫʧЦҡҡͷ
žƱлЦĵֻһ΢ɰˣǣԶʥµİ˴ɾͨ۷徳İ壬ȻһΪʥ֮˵õʣߵ壬һʺ֡
̬ǫԣȻһ
Ŀ˸л
лָЩѵͲй¶ȥǫл˵
лֵΪˡ
лһӣǫͻȻ״Ц
ιЦʲôü𣬺ǲĵ
ЦԼ̫ɵˡǫһ㣬ǫʹʥ㱻л־ȹһΣפԲ˵̹ϣܵл˿أǫңǫ֪ܲô
лԣҲǴϲ
ļУǫ츳൱ߵģ̣϶ûҪ߳һЩ裬һεģδĳ֡
ΪǹͬҵһлЦ
ɣ
ǫٱ
˶һӴЦ
ƲƲ죬ûȤμ˵黳
ȻԼˣлûбҪԼһЩˣ֣õսżĸоսǷ
лΪдһʣǫ
л򵥵˵һϹʥʱ飬ֻἰǵûйȥ˵ʲôһϹʱһЩܲûȥ뿪˼磬磬Ϳڵħ硣
򡭡ǫȴл򵥵ĽУȡһЩεĺ壬ǲҪʥΪĿģǣͷ
ֻһ֣ǵֶ֮ԶģĿҲôΰЩ飬һʱҲ˵Ժһϸġл˵ʥĸֺ⡣
ǫἰⷽ棬һûע⣬սżڲûйĹսµĶ˵սʮս۷弶ĴڣȻ֪Ŀģˣ϶Ƶģ˿ûйⷽĶܵսδˡ
лˣʱһʣȴ֮⣬Ӧö뿪˼磬Щ˲ǺϹʥһ뿪ģǰ뿪ĲŶԣǶ˼֮ţҲѾﵽǷľ˰ɡ
Щǣлźܴڴ
Ǿͬʥǵ裬̵лǣͷһҲǱϹʥʵǵڻңԶͬźĳޣǲȡġ
лѯʣĶ֮ͨ±һЩ
鷳ˡл
ǱȻһ壡ǫʱһɷ
һ壬˼ߴ֮һȴǱаƵһ߹壬Ǿˡ
лһ巢ͻģ
֮ǰںеõһսʼ硣ǫóһˮɫ磬̺һɵˮӦǼʮǰһǿµģ˭Ե˵мӳãзãĺôǣһĵܹٻָΪãǡñ֣һᣬ˷Ҷ֣ҲǷĳͻϾʱֻһˣû뵽˾ȻһĸֶԸң⸽һֵϣҵһлܣһʲôХһԼսХ̫գ̽ҵʵʵԶҵĶ֣Ҫھսǰɱҡ
ȻʥǣԺ󵫷֣ƣһɱ⣬Ƿʵ顣л
ΪΣǱϾҲǵֿǫ⡣
л磿̾һһѾɱˣǱаѾˣ߹
ʲôǫԾĵ
л̾һԻΪνգаѪʤһЩˣҲһȨߺδһ֡
ǫˣұ㲻ٶǿˡ
һѪ鲻Ҫţǣ̫㣬ܻݾߣѪ֮˷׷ġл˵
סǫͷ
ǽ̸ϣ¶ƱԺ
һ֮һĸֲŸȻǧһжͱлĶͨ׽ˡ


1661  
أ
ű߿
ʮһĸֺһ±㴳УǶǻģЩǴﵽ۷壬Ҫģʹ÷ڵ¶һ˼ٶȣȴû÷κζȼ
һεѹЩ˵ϼ
Ȼ
ʵҲѾӽ˽սʣˮ֮ģѹֶЧġ
лûгֵ˼ֻǾĹ
ߣ
ǫԼİŮˣΪѪ飬αǱɱʶѪǵޣ֮ǰ֪ҲͰˣ֪ˣǹɱ
صĽƱϣĵλǿסʲô˼
ʲô˼ǫХˣѵ㲻֪ʲô˼𡣡Ϊ׵һȥԼʮӣһϮɫľװһưӸµĿǫ·ڿһū
лɨһХȻһЦһսʰˣѹֻԼս֮̽ǫʵʵҪǰɵǫʵ̫ˡ
ȴХȺллע⡣
һվХһԵӣǳŽսʵǿߣһȺ˺󷽵ߣǾŽս۷弶
Хǽĺܰ
лЦ֮ǰ̽ݣ޲лʶХӦ֣͵ģһɳвʹˡ
бһĨɱ⡣
ХεԣΪ㲻ɡǫǰһлҲ˺һӿл˵ݡ
ң㵱ȻңھҪҡХЦ
ǫĿâХҪһССսʣǿЦҿҰɣңεھս֮ǰҵ鷳
˴ʵ뷨ХҲ⣬ЦĵһˣҲƲʲô˵ġ
ˡǫһ˿ɭЦ⣬ȥɣ
޿̣һȻɱȥͬһͷɽͻĿֱָХ
˽ս۷弶ǿߵȫǾǺ˵ġ
ХսҲǹѹȵĲѪѸٵˣں󷽣ԼԵŽսʳս
ȥŽսһȭ
ǫ˫Ŀ⣬Ҳ䣡
ȭͷȻһɾ˵صĺ;Žսײһ
䣡
ͿǾŽսƺһ߰˲ǫֻǵѣ˵Ĳֳ
һ˾ŽսʣǫٶȲıȥ
ˢ
жһ񽣣׺ݵնȥһǾŽսɫ䣬æֵǫһȭˡ
꣡
֪ĽǫǰһֱӱһնϣŽսʱҲΪ롣
һȭһԽɱŽսʡ
ǫʵҲл̾ȷǿٱȰ˾ŽսʵΣܹԽսļûС
лҲóǫеĽǴսżеõģڶսʼ
նɱŽսʣһӾһ巽ˡ
Хһû뵽ǫ˵͡
Хϴһ㻹ƣʲôƨһ壬ұɱ֮ǫĵ
Хϼһ鴤ŭҪȻͷŽս۷弶ǿߺȵɱ
һȰԽˣסǫȥ·
ǫɫʱ͸ߵʵ
ֱһȭ˹ȥ
ȥһȭƺлܸܵһȭǳĿ£Ҫǫһɱġ
ǫҲǷӳѸ٣û潻һ񽣴ߵĺλá
ľٶлͷȡĲȫȷ
ߵٶ̫죬һ㿪ˣײǫĻУǫæӽֵξͲò潻ˡ

ɲǼ䣬ν
ǫļץס񽣣ѪӿѪҲʮಽײл
ְ̽סǫĺ󱳣ֹסΡ
лЦֲ򵥰˽ս۷弶ܹʵǿԼľŽս۷弶ǿ԰ˡ
ǲСǫЩʧ
ǫļͷл
֮ǰһ˸ûлϣûȥǣʱǫǶ֣лվȻǵĿ⡣
л
񱩾л
һ֮һӱлݡ
л֣һ˵Ǿʣʮ֣֣һ徫Ǳлһ£ͳͳնɱġ
лХԾĵ
Ϊʲô⡣лĵ
ХʿҺ֪л·һģҺǫĶԹ޹ء
޹أǫʥǵˣεȴƣɱȻ˵޹أʥ֮Ǻ۸𣿡лǫĻĿɨǣȻҪɱʥ֮ˣôһȥţĲûˡ
ХſҪ˵
л
һ䣬߹ȥȫһĸ֣·һЩȤ
Žս۷弶һ
лƲƲ죬δﵽŽս۷弶ͺɨʮսʵĸ֣ʮսֻһ֮ңλὫŽսʷοսǶİ˱֮࣬Ҳ˵öñŽս۷弶ǿߵİ˱
Ļ֣лһ˵ļơ
ž
лľٶȴһץסŽս۷弶ǿߵĸ첲սӿꡱһ첲ץϡ
Žս۷弶ǿʹĽһδڶӦлѾȭȥλá
ͳͳ顣
˵ʬڵϡ
ôɱˣһĻǫɴ۾ǲడһĸ򼸺ˡ
лȫӣһһսֱӴӽ´ݳȥЩʵЩδﵽսʼĸֿ֣ܹͳͳĲҽűһˤڵϣһĻХңתҪߡ
һת͸еһͷײεĹ档
ؿռӺһ
սʵ޷Ƶġ
лͽĽǰĵХǰɣĬȺʲôϵ
С塣Х
ĬȺǷ˲ֲŽһģûôˡлһХļͷ
һսӿȥֱӽХˡ
һʮˣֻʣһսĸ֣Ŀл
ȥһˣٸʥǹȥҿɲܷһʲô棬һ壬ɡлĵ
ظѾܵûӰˡ
Ҳûˣ߰ɣȥȺһĹ١лЦ
ǫЦûȤȥΣһָҿջߵһ¥¥ߣﻹһ¶ϵķ羰
ãǾȥȺ򡣡лЦ
˱¥¥
ͬʱлﶫ񵺣һնɱһֵϢҲһƵĴ񵺡
Ҳһ


1662  䶯ЧӦһ
лվ¥ˣ񵺵Ĳ־ɫ½ϵĳûʲôֻûνĳǽ֮ȦأһĽֵȺӿַǷʱţأҿջΧۼԽԽ࣬бľ¥ҲˣһЩ̷ҲӰ
Ƕлָָ㣬лˡ
ƾĶͨлܹ˵ÿһ֣ǵȻ֮ȻӦǫȻҪǿƳġ
Խ࣬ĺ䶯Խ
ʱ򣬷Щʲô飬ҲԸ趫һѣǷһˡ
ˡ
ҲȻõϢѸٵĸ
֣˵ȸأһиϵлΧ֮˵Χۺ⣬ȻԵõξƺǫ˵Ц
ǫЦ϶塣
Ϊʲôô϶лȻ
Ȼ屻⿴صԭˡǫ͵лִŻ֪ɣⶫ񵺿ƲǽʵһڳǵĴڣǲǶоľۼ֮أڳǵ趨ǷһģܹеģʵǷǿߺǿ壬йŽ壬壬塢ʥ嶼룬УΪʥǵԵõĴڳǵɽѹɽ
֪ɽʲôлҲף϶ûġ
лǳ޵ġ
ɽʲôڡлʵ
ݷ˵ɽǰ簵н˼µģɽһǧֻеħ󵰣˵˼࣬ĴڣµֶΣ꼳ȡ˼Ѿ˱죬һƿǶźɨ˼κһĿֲԱҪѹɽЩ󵰡ǫ˵
л۾Цɲô򵥵˼
ǵΧи˵Ҳ赣ıʶ˵ûʲôĵĨǡ
лָңڷ֮ǰҲôãûô򵥣ֻǾΣҪлֺ˽ǢܹŪˡǫ˵
ɽ塣
леĺܲ򵥣пҲ˵ɱϾʥܹǣĻǰǺܴģҲδһǸʲô鷳ġ
ǵĻδ䣬ͿԶӰɡ
ڳǷ൱ĸ֣овڵǿߣһ֪һĸ֡
ộҪ𡣡ǫ͸һǿս⡣
¶սģҲԾԾԵģҪһԼսԣ߽ս۷弶սһ°˽սʣЩսԵġ
ΨлȻԵã˿ûнһ˷
Χ۵Ƿۡ
еڴһսеǱʾŻжôʵս뷨ĶС
ܿ죬һٸֱлԼʮ׵ĵطͣƯڿУһĿ¶ɱĶлˡ
лξƺһڣ죬þưϧһȺ񹷵סᡣ
䡭
Χ֮˶ʱ䶯
ǿһڵĵסۿ·չģ˭Ҳû뵽лһڣֱЩһһȺ񹷣ⲻ裬
һĸҲʱŭ
л˭
һӷ㣡
ֵǣǽ
һʱ䣬һĸҲֵģһʱҪɱȥл˺Ƭӣڵӣĺˣһһܣʹ÷Բ׵Ŀռ䶼ǻ졣
лЦеɨһΪ֮ˡ
Ϊ֮һ峤лӴܵĻУȻ˽սʵľ磬лĿ˸ƾл˵˽⣬Ҷ϶ڿǣȺŹĻܷٶ£лɱġ
Уһͽ͵ˡ
лϣǶ֣ɹĶȡе֮ԵʥǸ֣ɱڻǿˡ
Ǹšлָһ֡
ȴ͸һӵѹӲҺĳƽһĸҲһı͡
лĵ˭ǰ벽ɱ⣡
Χ֮ĿˢˢͶһһٶǣԴӸֵһڶҲǺߵģаԵ˸ؼǲսġ
˿лĻˣǾӡ
ŽµҪлɱȺһһ㿴ңҿģȻûǰ벽
ǿǵõϢлնɱľŽս۷弶֣лǿǿ֪ġ
ΪʲôҪǰߣһˣΪʲôʥǵǿЦǾǲǰһһĸ͡
ǣǲǰбǰǿ
ЦԴл
û˸ǰ벽һһʱٶȽէȥǾһȺƦåһֵķ緶
ǵľٶʱȫΧߵĺЦ
ǫ̲סЦ
һǶ˶ȥˡ
˭ٸҿ˵һ仰ɱ⡣л⣬ƽ˵
⻰һǽµһˢһ£һȱȿ˭͵ٶȸһЩ
ЩΧҲͣȻûһ˵ġ
һʱ䣬ʮ˵ĵطȻѻȸΨлཹེȾƵԵǰĴ̶
һ˿лôӣǸеޱȵ裬ûһڡ
ǫлһ£˸ǰ벽һ仰ͳͳı죬ƣҲѪڡ
Դⶫ񵺣ûбûоԵʵʼմڱ˷̣̰ŪƵ״̬ۿһֱһȻл仰ȵİֶ˵ĸܵǷݾΥļ飬лĿ⣬ҲԾĴһݳݡ
Ул
һ峤ɫ࣬Ҫ뵽ǫʵʵĪûǷݵⶫ񵺣ȻʥǵĴ壬ʥľȵȶδǰɻһǷǳµ壬ѡ͡
лΪ޹ɱ֮ˡ
޹ʣлЦǫʥ֮ˣһȻεҲ磬ʲôХԼսһһûӦսȻǰҸɱаУǲʥˣȻɱʥ֮ˣϴɱһ˻ٰ̫ǲҪҽһⶫϵͳͳնɱǲһ°
гǫʱʥǵˡ
лĵһֱǡ
ǫҲǾͦأȻұʥ֮ˣХ֪ʥ֮ˣɱңһ峤µɡ
һﹻġ


1663  䶯ЧӦ
лһֱǫսΪս׳ңû뵽ôһ͵ˣȻҲһ档
ʱֳлϲûһ鷳أϾһ߹飬ֻǼ֪˲֪ǹȻһҲȻܹһһʾġ
ǫҲ֮ˣ˼磬˭˲֪㺣һţδ֮˵Ҫ˵ġҲû뵽ǫ˵𣬿û֤ݣ뵽лֶΣɵɫ΢䣬ȵ
ǫȷô
ϲľսȤȱȱе裬費ͬǣӴʥ֧֣ȴֻܿԼǵ˶ʹֶΣǾԸķΨܱԼ
˵ľʵǫӲ˵
⻰ûϼⶼһ鴤ĲνɱȥǿԱлЦеĶĪĻ˸
аżڵսΪֹǼ£ӵÿ죬¾ͱлնɱˡ
˶˵һΪߴ֮һڵ˼Ķ˾ηȴʥ֮˵նֶΣУ˵ɣƽϢʥǵŭ𡣡лȻĵ
ۿл̫ƣ֪һζ޷飬һҧҲӲǶ񵺣лҲҪһ岢㡣
лƲƲ죬˵ǵħ磬磬αΣͷҺΣ
⻰˵ĸǿ
ǵĶУȴûпĸоϾͷлսлǷʱ
лӣк޵Ҫ
뷴ݺݵĳлһ⣬ɿԼߵˣǲ٣ʵǿҲ޷ոտŽս۷弶ĸ֣ʮսʿɲܹģһȨģջģֻǶ峤ˡ
̣
սȭͷѹӿŭ𣬳ҪſϻεĶԹ
ʵܼ򵥵ģֻҪ֮ˡлĵ
֮ȻôлҪоһ˳͸ʥǻԵĸ̡֣
Ҳˣǵõ֮Ȼģ̾һ㱾Դ֮ں֮Ƿ⾪ϲҲδ֪
㲻Ҫ̫вȻŭ
֮ǲ峤һ棬ȡߣǵһһ裬Ĩȥ衣
Ҿ̫лЦеĵ
Ҫ֮룡ĵ
лƿڵξƺȹ⣬һǲ룬ҪԹ֪ģھȥȡα֮
˵Żǰȥ
ٶĺ䶯ЩΧ֮ˡ
ͬʱվлڿջǰһҾ¥İڣ˿һʱĴڣ﷢һС
Ǻǣ־ϵܣеˡһȥЦеĿл˵ı֣Ȥ˵
־ϵЦ޷һΪǵСӰˣţǶ񵺻ţǲ֪Ķ
ҿδذӵ
ôˣ־ϵȻλǷǳϤģǿƵлƣҲκ˷ġ
ӵĵ£û¹˭
־ϵЦ־Ĵ
־ϵܰΪҲҴ۰ɣѾȷվһˣͬΪ˷񣬺αػЩġ˵ΪлǿƱ֣޵ķʸֻΪһ𣿡
־һȻǣеĿģԷһ壬Ҳвǣ˸ߵĿľǺͷһ忴ģоƺĶһǳᣬѹһ壬
ȷҲǾǰɣǺǣȻҪ˵ǲҲˣ
д⡣־Ц
Զİ䣬ͬΪĿһڣҲڿ淢һС
жлĻȻᾪȣˣһǱѩ峤аżںͻй˵Ѧ׳ɣҲлΪһˡ
һҵʵȨսԡ
Žͨźɫĺ룬һЩ£ĹŽ峤塣
λǿлεȵŰ裬εȵΪǣĽⶫ񵺶Լҵģֱ̫ˡѩ峤Ѧ׳ɺ޺޵ĵһһģڿһָоԼҪ˵ľ棬ҪܶҲ֣ǹŽ峤壬Ŀֲǿߡ
սһüѦ峤֪峤ӶǱлɱкޣЩ飬ҾûҪ侲ĺá
ˣѦ׳ɲĵ
£ǣҵȷˣһδﵽ˽սʣɲȥսԵ˵˿Ӱ졣
Ѧ׳ɱ˵ƿԣֿŽ峤塣
лǿҲãҲգʥǱϾǿûбҪǻǲҪǵĺáŽ峤嵭ĵҹŽ岻κƣҲԸԵ޹ʵȥǷǡ
Ѧ׳һ֪Ҫ˳ս̫ˣ˵ģŽ岻κˣǲìܵĻŽó˰ɣ˼תţ˼ʥǺ͹Ž巢Ħ
սɨһѦ׳ɣ۵һ˿ʧ֮ɫԹ˵峤ãһʾ𣿡
һ񵺵࣬һ飬ͬͬһЩҲϵܽȨķ˶л䣬ӣԷȻģһ뱨𣬿һԻҲңʶȻ취ͬΪ֣ˮ˱㲻壬Żᶯ֡ӦҪ˰ɡ
Ļδ䣬һ˻ʴ
Ѧ׳ɼ״´ϲȻˣǾ͸Ҫ취ùŽлͻˣ˶෽лɣ
Ƕһջڣͬһڹעһб仯嵽ɵЦ˼ˣǺǣǲҲóأǳͻӴҲδЩأ
ڹעֳľƱ仯ڳǷȵȡ
Щл֮С
˵ģл㹻ʸǰ֮ˣҲĿġ
ԭʦ
лô뷨Ȼ߱˵ġ
ϡ
˻һ˿˿ĹԪͿ߿ۣ֮һһ˶Ԫҷȥƾˡ


1664  䶯ЧӦ
еħޣͨѩ׵ëޱȣ˫չʮң֮ˣ䲻񹭣żѹԲǧ׵ķΧ֮ڣʿ֪ʮսʡ
˵ĳ֣һеĿ⡣
лҲܵǣ̧ͣͷˣĿԣʱ䡣
лնɱŸֺӾ
ʹúӾ񹭽ɱģ˵Ҳǿ̹ǵ˰ɣ˼棬ۺ졣
Ǻ˲峤ǵþˡ
̫ˣ峤ݹ٣лùˡ
лδŻ˳Ӱɡ
һȺһĸٴ˷ܵؽ֮ǰѹƨҷŵǣҵ˴ɽ
лôǡ
һЩ˾һȺС󣬻һĸ־Щаǿ߰ɡ
峤˲ã
лŴˣҲһЩѹ˲ͷųѹĺǿٱл֮ǰǿͷתչֳʵҪǿһЩ
Ҳ˵峤˲úܿʮս۷弶ĸ֡
ƾлھŽս۷弶ʵҺ̬޷ʮս۷弶ǿ߿⣬ϾʮսʿźܴĲ࣬۷弶ʮսʼֻһбɻɱʮսʵĸ֡
лս뺷ҲڹԸġ
¾ʥ֮񱩾л峤˲
Ҿлл建ﵽԷͬȵĸ߶ȣ峤˲峤֪Ϊ¡
峤˲ޱ飬ƽû˿ĲɱֶӾΪġ
лȻ峤Ҫһս
ǣʮ֮ɷ̨ϣƽһսɸӦս峤˲õ
ȻңлδսлЦ
峤˲֮תͷҪ뿪
ԿȥҴңս뿪˿ûȥˣһһ۶ûľٶ˴֮࣬ҲúЦĿ⿴һĸ֡
˲õĵֻҪлЦ
֪˲øǣñ˿һЦˣһһǱȿ޻ѿı顣
峤ߡмæ
˲ͷҲأ峤ʲô¡
֣֮ȴЩԸ岻֪Ϊοһǲ˳ۡ
峤лûеͷһ֮ΪͷΣˣһҲ˵ʲô͸ллˣӮöҲ峤֧е
˲òɵûת
пɲұ֤˲ûͬ⣬ʵͬһӪȴûʲô飬ϵȽ䵭ġ
֮ͿܱлˣǸ޷ܵġ
¾Σ˲ÿл
лɨһۻУ°Цѣܲ׻е˼֮ԻУҪĿһ屳аĸаĸҲȷ̵ĺȻ޶ԣǽ峤ˡ
аҿûʲôͷҪһִ˵Ļǲɣ֮һͷ˭ʤˣ˭УΨһֵģǲͬ⣬Ǿ̸лûûоɵɻء
һ
˵Ļǵ֮ôҪֽȥˣ
뵽վǺһ嶼֣棬Ǳ峤˲õõҲǿҪģ˸һ㶫ˣҺ˲õʵʮս۷弶ǿߣȻǱʤġ
ͨһ㣬еãҴӦ
ˣǲǸý֮ءл
ߣлһ廹ǰ㲻ȻӦˣʱǾȻԵ֮ġĵߣ
һ֣һ˻ˡ
ǱӴܵӣǫɵĴЦ
л˲Ŀԣͬɷ̨
˲ô߶ڳǣܿʧ˵С
ֱʱǫлߣǫл֣Ҫͺ˲þս𣿡
Ƶ̶ˣ벻ӦҲˡлΧһЩˣЦղųԶˣڶӵǶˣⶫ񵺿ʲôòˣ
ȻУ¥ĲζǫЦ
ǫǱ򶫺¥ȥ
Улͷɨһ־ڵķ䣬ҲһѦ׳ɣսԣλãǿǿջһյķڡ
ǿƣҪĿľҪϸ˵ĳ֣ƾĶͨͿԿ̽һС
Ķ֮ͨ£лӰ壬ʥ壬ȵѪ֮ˣʵ;֪˶ԼеˣҪܹѪ֮ˣϣ˳˽ʦڳ
̸Ц¥
ǫԹһʮˣȫлûһЩ֡
Ȼǫлܵл֪峤˲ÿǱ壬ŽȵǿƵԶ빥һˡ
鲢ûʲôܣҲûбҪʹøȻ̸ۣڻһЩʳͣҲǶָָ㣬ŵ飬ҲĿõģ˵Ҳ⡣
Զ빥һˣлȻ
ţǰ뿪񵺣֪ȥʲôصʱѪ֮ĺ޹һսǲпᣬѪȾ˺ˮѪ治֪ľȻųһŹֵĺޣȻԷѹֻԿΣʱ̣˲óģƾӲɱǹŹֺޣɱѪ֮˵Ϊ֮ˣ˿ɶʮս۷弶ĸء
лԴ£뿪ʥʱҲⷽ鱨֪ʵģ֪뿪񵺵ĿҪȥ˼һصĵطá
ɱһֻŹֺ޲֣ܹɱʮս۷弶֣ȷܲһءл
԰ʮս۷弶˼δ֮ǰǾ߾ˣȻܹɱлֱӦض࣬ﵽʮս۷弶˴˼Ҫɱ֣Ǻģ˲ˣɱˡǫ
лѹֻл֮ͷǱɵģʱ֮˲УǷһӪ϶Խ֮Ҫȥġ
Ҳ˼С
ʮս۷弶ĸ֣Ǹ磬նɱĻȻɣϾսΪİ˱϶˼ҵʮ峤˲Ҳɵնɱǿɾֻ˼ˡ
һܹɻɱʮս۷弶ǿߵĸ֣սһܳԽʮսʼ


1665  Ӱءһ
лΨһһֵĺӾ˵ʵȻڿһ㣬䣬磬壬˼δŵĸ֣ıҲõлء
ӾսḶ́һĻ
ʱлӾļԿ֪ӾҲӵŷǳǿĶҲ˵һĶֶҪͨĶǿһߣҲǿһˣĻͻ
лжϣĶǿȴûɨͬ׸ֵĵزôֻֿܣһ峤˲õ񹭺ͬѰĻҪɱʮս۷弶Ҳ̫ܣϾǸĸ֣еı㶼սʼģ˲õ񹭺ȻлǸģ˾ֻһֿܣܣ峤ķǳµļˡ
ļǻʲôļءлĵ
ʱζ½ϡ
ǻδʼԣˡ
˷峤³Լĸ֣ǵõϢ֮ٶȸģȴԾһ
׻ַ֮ԱϳԺõĶз³һ
ϻͱ˵ˣȺȾơлЦ
³Ҳˬֱӽоƺȸ⣬һĨ죬л٣ʱȣ˵
ʲô˵ɡл
尲һ񣬾ѹɽ˵ű󵰣ѶȺܴĸȫǿѹȥ˷ǰ˳ܵѹͻ³˵
лͷ˵ˣɽôһ£
³ɽڵȷб󵰣滹һЩ󷨣ӦǱ󵰺ʹ߷󵰶αһַֻǷǳпᣬΪαĴʮа˾Ż𣬵ǻǷǳ󣬷ҪѹɽЩӵжϣԭһʾãһǣơ
ʾãǣƣ
лɻô
νʾãǾǶα󵰶ŷǳİ˵ѹɽ࣬ɹǵٶΪ󵰵Եʼӿ࣬ʱڣȫ֮˳ļдȵҲʮս۷弶ˡ³˵ҲЩп֮ǰлʱ򣬲ǾŽս۷弶ֻǹȥôʱ䣬ʹﵽľ磬Ҳ˵ȫǰɽ͡
ΪǶ岻ģлû뵽Ȼ
ѹɽȻ֮
峤³޸пĵҰ˴Ϲ壬ӡ꣬帲ֻʣ壬ʵŽǿһߣʵ൱ɽԭʵȻЩҪ֮ϵˡ
ôţлԾĵ
л֪壬ȻЩɱ˴˻Щϵģ峤壬ʥ峤ǱȹŽ峤壬峤˲õһֵģҵĸײ£Ϊֹ峤ʥ峤ĸҲ൱Ψ壬ҵʵѾӽһ峤Ҹ׸ǿһЩĸּҪѷɫˡ峤³ЩܵĵҪһǿĻǿߡ
лȴоûô򵥡
ĶԹ˴ȵİôòʵ
νǣʲô˼л
ǣƾǣϹǿߣһЩΨҪѹɽ޷μκ飬ȴԣܵɽǣƣЩʱ䣬żɵһЩ飬ƺҲĺǣҲȥѯʣܸоôһ£˵ģ֪ġ³ü
л峤жϣʱйʲôĶ
³У٣Ҳû⣬ҷƺЩԣǹŽ壬ѩ壬һ壬巽涼õĺôʵ˷ô࣬һɣʥǵĶõϿɣмΣȻǣжģΣ֪󣬹ǰ뿪ɽ׼μӣɸܾˣų⣬ɽȴǶҶɷĿˡ
ǱȻǱĿġл
лΪ˿϶³ʵ
лҲûͽʥǵϸ˵һ飬Ҳ˵ĿΪԼ˼硣
Щ÷³ǫɵˡ
ǸолԷûкøУȴû뵽Ȼǣ˶Ļ˵𺳡
Ϣ˷³󽫽ʮӵʱ䡣
Ƕ֪һǫҲ죬ŻǵлŪ֮ҲǺŵġ
壡³Ӳĵ
лڰ֣峤ûװʲô֪ĺã֮ԸЩǱʾûôĵģ峤ٻһ£ѹɽ飬µķ֡
ĽǶȲֵͬǽȻͬġ
οΪʾõ£ɷǷʲôɸ˵Ŀģɼԡ
峤淽³һϣһ˵
³΢΢ͷ֪ѹɽȻŲɸ˵Ŀġ
峤ʲôˣл
³ǿڵĳϵͷ˵ɡ
ϵл٣٣عһЩ˴ڣǲ߱ս̫ǿȴĸӦָӦеʦָܹΣģУλǳ֮ߵģˣÿһֻˣˣˣ֮󣬾¶ĪķУԼ֪ΪʲôǴδй飬ӴĪ壬˿㱩ޱȵĵزΪ˻βͷ巢ͻ
ϵ˵лǫһۣ²⵽Щʲô
ÿһϹǿ嶼ǱϿȥô򵥵ģǵǿ󲻽սֲΪŸָĹţ෽˲ǿᣬܹʱ䳤Զġ
ԴӲ㱬ͻ֮󣬼ÿɽδɽڴ˵ѪƺܵĳǣһĲÿһΣ˶еƺѪЩ仯˵ô仯ģԵ֢״ǣԾƺԷĻɣЩ١˵һ£˵ȻˣԼĸоЩΪĹ۸棬ǸӦرˣȴ˼ر仯徹ȻӳͻͣٵͣһЩϲͷһˡ


1666  Ӱء
ϵĻлԺ̱ĳ֡Ѫ
ڲǰǫǣ쳽ϵˣǲ߱ѪͨⲿֶεõģЩ˲ô֮ˣ̬ȷת䣬Ϊʿ
˵ĻѪ˵ĸı֮ͬ
ͬڣлŷйϾŵ򣬶Ǻ磬ħͻġ
ȻܹоѪ˳ΪʿֶΣôΪʲôأ
лļǵã׼ɳ֮׿ڸڴʮֶΣԸģһֱ취ö׵ģôǷһ־˱ʿİ취أ
ЩӦ֮˺ͷ巢ͻ֮ǰйֹлʵ
ûУʱ岢ûѹɽ˵
лǾ֪ص˭ûУ
ҡҡͷ
峤³ҼǵúŽ巽ἰ֮⣬Ͳ֪ˣл٣ǲǷʲô
ţû´ӦǷģĿĺܼ򵥣ǽǵʿл
ǵʿ³ɻ
лͽǫ֮ǰ˵һ飬֮˴ĸѪֶΣһûѪⲿעѪĻôʱһͻʿǵЩƣͬڣֶΣƺӵľܹ˲֪£̵
³Ȼŭ
峤Ҫ嶯лֹ³󣬡ֶοҲҪʱеģҲı֣ԽѹɽԼɽڴģ޹ء
³ͷȷˣ֮ǰǾΪɽڲڴġ
лһɣнЩԷ̬תתƳȥͻʥǣоǰнɽ鿴һ±󵰣ԼȻϵ뿪񵺣ҶɰţԶʥصĵطȥޡ
һлٷԸ³
ʥҪǱֶͨθ˼ʿǽʥǹĴ
лλŽͷĹϵΣ
˱˴˶һۣ֪ܹϵŹŽǷɷʿĹؼ̬ȣǶϸĻ
ã³˵ܽ
лľһ
ܽǾζţŽܿǷԵĶѾΪǿĻ顣
ǹŽˣôѩ壬Ƕܱŵɵظƿˡ
壬һ巽أлʵ
ǵûʲô仯ѾʼǽӴƵˣҪˡ³˵
лüͷһ壬һĻ»˺ڵѪͻʱ򣬱ȻһϷˣ岻ͬ
ΪԶ֮壬ܹȡԼӪвѵģƫƫлźľɱˣһĸ֣żġ
壡
лﰵ̾һֻܾˣǾͿԼ̬ˣ壬뵽峤˲õս峤峤˲һ
ǿ³ɫصĵлҪʤ㲻󡣡
ôûġлЦ
³ҡͷл֪Ϲ壬ô򵥣ÿһڶԼ峤յ档
лüëһ˵ˣǰ÷ټǰȥ˼һܻأʱصʱ⵽Ѫ֮˴Ӹǰ֧ԮߵĽɱ峤˲ýǴΣɱʮս۷弶ǿߡ
֪˲ʮս۷弶˵ɱ֣ͬǸһλ֣Ҳûлɱġ³˵
˵ǰ񹭣л
ţǰ˵սʼģƺЩʲôãܹ෢γսʼ³͵
սʼ
Ȼͨ켶ǿȡ
νͨ켶Ψһܹɱͨ۷弶ǿߵı֮лڵõͷʱ
ҲͲַ³лûˡ
лĵģϾҺ̬Ҫԣһú˲군ģֻܾĳʥǳΪĳˡ
˲õľս׼赣ġлЦǺǵ˵οǲùڽţڶҲһʱˣֹѪ֮˵ټ
³˶ҡҡͷ
ҷһˡлЦ
лַˣǫȻһֱлһģƺлûӴ˰
л͵֮˴̵Ķ֪ѾûԼ飬ĹעĶͨﵽڵľ磬ܹԼͨĶͨһЩ˵òһʱʵѰ뷨ˣҲҵһѪ֮ˣصĺɻ̲ס˵˼ĻλΣ˵
ŮⷽǴʦġе
Ǿл˵˵ò
лһ飬оԼ˼һģһ㽫佻³󣬡峤Ҫѹɽñ廳ɣͽͼɣǰѲˣҵ֮󣬱֪ͨҡ
á³
лţ˵ʵԼ˵Ŀܹҵʦ֮󣬱Ȼܹͨ˽侾
ɵʦԸ֮һ
³ǽ̸飬뿪
֮л˱㳷ȥ˸Ǿͱ߳Աߺȱ˵ĻҲһЩص飬ǸŷŴӷ³е֪һЩصġ
ųţлеܵĿռһ䡣
Ȼ̧ͷȥʱѾϦµʱ̣վǻƵģ涼ԵøƯһƹâϣСŮƯĺܣ񱻽ɫâǣ
лǣϦ֮ϾȻֵƺи
лͷΧ˶ϦֵĹָָ㣬˵Цģ˿ûо֮顣
ǹ˵Ƿסķ񹬵ĵӰÿϦµʱڶ棬ܹġǫ˵
ϦеĹӰӣлֹǻ֮ԡҲ̫ģܺͷȨ߷ĳֹϵɡ
ѽС˰
һ˳˼елŤͷȥֻʮ˴ӵһŻ깫Ӹ硣
ֱĶӶҪɳˣˮҲˣһлעǣӵһƵضɫ棬дż֡½ػߣ


1667  ֲŸտʼһ
Ϸǳˡ
лһ˿Ц⣬ѹһʱĶͨأһУйڴ½ػ߷һЩԻЩ߲Ĵ½ػߵĽ̸ԴǼ£Ҳʲôġ
Ͼһ巽棬ջѡʽδչֳлǿƵһ棬ǾЩ½ػְɣοбǰԴ½ػߵģ˼ȻҪˡ
ӹ⽫¶֮ĶͨҲȻȻʩչ˷
ܿһ㴫С
л۽ɨһǸط㿴ӣҪҲҪġ

ӿˮҪˣֻ۾һգգģ̫ˣҪˣүҪúõźźٺ١
ŵЦΧ˷׷׵Ķܡ
ǼӵӵĺƴҲһҫģָֻţ˶ǻһ³ȥ˸Χ
Ůǵһ£̫˼ˡĿŹ⣬һϲӡ
лЦһСħ
еĵùˡ
ûв֣Ҳ뿴СħֶΣ֮лҲȻ½ػ߼ֵƣΪ½ػһȨˣûеʾҲ̫ԲСħ˰ɡ
СˣˡǰһƨĶ档
¶һĨЦݡ
СħɳȴޱȵȻıУ֮Ϧ£յĹ⻪ϣĲ˼֮ˣͬ߳ľŮ㣬лЩҪӵ뻳Уİһ
㿴Ů𣿡գգۡ
ˣ
ʿҺ̫ˡ
ϲ𣿡塣
ϲϲӵ
ϲͰˡһƵݵӵǰ
ȣȡȥץƣδץһһ޵ĺĶӵ˫棬ȻƱǰͻȻһֱͣӵӵڡ
һϵеľٶޱȣӸӦûü
ʵӿҪѷɫĶֻ࣬Ľսʰˡ
ָ̻ǼװɫǰˣָʹǰģʱŸоԾȻվɽž͸е˫ֽӲޱȣæ߶ȴֶ޷ȥ˫㱻˫ͬһ㣬û˰֪
ʣ͸еһȣޱȣǾˮƻһصҴܽʹޱȣҿʼڳƺҪĵһ㣬ŵɫһ±òҰס
ӣŭ
ž
л̧һƳ˳ȥӵԭת߰Ȧˤڵϣ϶һӡ
ү
ðǴ½ػ֮һĻ֮ҲҴ
ӵĴŭžҪȥ
֮ӣ
лһ˿Ц⣬һƴȥ
µĴֵĴӾ¥ڷɵȥûأѾû˺ôˡ
һȺҲǴŭ
һȺһͳͳɱˡ
׺ֶΣ˶һҪ֪½ػ߿ɲͬһڶϵ
Ǵ½ػͳ˧֮ڣǸʵ˭ǡ
л֪˼ҹҵģȻҪˣ־ͺһЩҲνĻ֡
ҪΪǴ½ػߣ;Լ˲á
Ǵ½ػ߻Ķӣʲô֡лһ̤ϣڵϲҽвֹӡ
жŰʹҪֻصĴ
лһü̧һ̤ӵĵ棬һս߶ȥǾʹɢҲƳ֪õҵĻشҵ⡣
лңҸ׾ԲŹǵġҧгݵĵ
ᱻвлĵ̧ӵļͷһ¡
ž꣡
ӵʱ۵ˣлˡ
˵һ飬شҵ⡣лԾƽӣ˿ûжŭģȴӸо˿־塣
ŷ֣лûν½ػ߻־
˵ҽ˧ҸǴ½ػ֮һĻ־ӻشǵţңҸ֪һǸʹĴۡ
лЦðɣھȥʲô־ɡ
˵ȴӴһ졣
һԡ
ǫֽ֣˧ڿǳѪڵأս֮ǰҲûл˵ģ뵽֮ǰһ屻ѹȵƨҷһҪûеЩˡ
ǱǴϦʱ
ǾͿƮٶһ㶼죬еע˼ȿ˵ʱ˶䶯ˣϾǰлĺ䶯ڱأɵǿǱŵĲҲ̶õǴ½ػ֮һ־ӵʱ򣬸˺䶯
ǣ˧ߵ˶ɱϢһƵشˡ
һʱ䣬Բǧڵ˶ˡ
˭֪л񵺵ĵһ죬ѹһ壬ҪˣǸֲĻ
Ƕˡ
ǺڶӿĿֱָ񵺵ڳǷһʱɽ˺Ӱ߿շӣȴҿ̫
ħǲǽٴһ㰡СħԱ¶һԾԾԵģ
лЦԽԽáкâ˸֮ǰһ彻ʱ򣬿˴½ػеͻĽ̸˼ҿҪһҪ½ػȨء
˷ܵɵɱӿ
Ǻǣ˼Ҫ棬ǵȻҪϣлɭɭ˵
ǴʱѾŭлԲŻɱ˧ͬľٶ˧ʱǲҪɱΪϾնʮĴ½ػߣ֮Ĵ䣬ôܴ½ػ߾ͻֱģڻ֪ʲô̬֮ǰҪſԡ
лҲ㣬ȡⶫ񵺣½ػշ֣ʵǿʥǣȻǰء
Ҫ֪һ½ػ¾ùŽ壬ǿҲ˼磬лȡһ֧
ڳǾ˵ػһЩġ
Լʮ֮ǲŵڳǸԶԶȥνڳǱ޵۶Ҫһ࣬ǽʮ׸ߣʱӷ߹á
ȻǵȺ
ԭڳûʲôջģҪڳҲҪݵˣʶӰϡȱģΪͬѾۼˣģ˷Բʮ׵Һġ
л˵㼴ʧˣ˶ǣҲ˿˳ſڣΪڳĴŸػľǴ½ػˣϳűǻػġ


1668  ֲŸտʼ
ſַǷ
ǳͷ֮ϣȻҲڿ֣ԸĳԱбд½ػδһˮϦһǷ׷磬ǵȻָָ㣬ϵؿˡ
˵ֻ̬Ȥؿ·
Ƕſֵ̬ǰģог֮ǿ峤ϵȡ
бۼһˣˡ
Ǳһ峤кͱѩ峤Ѧ׳ɣһЦȴлùʱ̵١
ӿлؽ١
лأվлǫֽ֮˧ڵϣһ̤ıϣƵġ
ԭڳſڸֻһЩͼĳԱԴ˧ȥȻлĸ֮һκ󽫾ˡ
½ػ߷ְλߵеƾӣȴвͬ
ߵȻεȨʵƿֱˮ
ǵҲ󽫾
󽫾ǽְλֻܹʮ󽫾ÿһλ󽫾ȻһƵľְ
д󽫾ĸԱκݣ˲֪˲ģǻ־һĸʹ˻־־չκְλͳܻġ
ĳ֣Ȼעġ
лĿ˽ܣСУ֪κݵλ
Ҫδ
˿˵ȫŻ־ݣ̬Ҳǻ־̬ȣҲл֣ɱˣǷˣͣǿƳľһжκı档
̬ûʲôţ˷ܣŭ֮ı飬һһоյĸоǷŭķŭΪ½ػߵʵȨߣܸлʦλΪԼЩ鷳ҲǱ˶ԼĲΣڴ½ػߵı֣СŮСħŭˣɨһ˧ľ˫֣˸׽͸ĺâ
ǫ˷ܡ
ǿսɱͻңŽսʾ硣
˵̬һ뷨ҲͲһ
󽫾ǣǸлߵŮ˺Ǵ½ػͳ˧ػ֮ػ֮մӡվκߵĸЩĪľ¡
Ҫ֪лʦλʱǿѹ˼ģ֪µĺպҲĵġ
ԴӳΪµĴ½ػȨ֮Ļʹÿһ½ػˣ˭˲֪˭˲
ģκĵ˵ǣǲػ֮ǿҪϿɲſԣߺߣĥ˧ǾǶԻĲǾͱǲˣסֻлŮˣǵĵˣȻᶯ֣Ҫ飬ɱɱ
Ļһֲ䣬ޱȵĴлĶС
˵֮κ黹ƵĿл
лһ漴ףԼӵĶͨ飬κ˶֪κȻҲ֪ģǾ仰Ƕ˵ģҲ˵Ҫ췴ˣȻҪɱ
һ£״ŭл
κǹģ˿ûнػ֮ûʥ֮ϡ
Ǵ󽫾λ磬ڴϣҲû˿Ȩģ´ľֻǻ־
ԭлһЩٱôҶȥ˴һ̨£ϾڻδȨԼڶϵܱʺǿƳԸ½ػߣκı֣־̬ȣıԣҪǿƳҪɱ
½ػɱɱ
κ̤ǰԻжʮױԼĻӣﵽ߽սʵĵزһ֧ɴ˿ɼ½ػߵжôĿֲ
ֻǴ󽫾Ļ߽սʣôĻأҲǰ˽սʰɣӳ֮ǾŽսʣʮսʵģ
½ػߵȷƺ
лκ΢΢ͷӸµĿлһ߸ϵӡ
лס档
ϾʵЩͣκûֵĻлţҲȥðյġ
־һĸκ飿л˫ֵͬߵ
ҡκȻң㻹񣡡
лüͷһ壬񣿡
κҵȴ½ػΪػ˼ѪȵõǱˣѵӦö𣿡
޳ܵҼ޳ܵģǵһμл˵κ¶ŭɫſԵʱ˵Ŷˣһ˵һ仰ʲô⡣
㾹Ҷҿڳѷκŭ
л̧̤ǱǫŪԵ˧ϣЦеĵڳѷǺǣ˵һ
ֵκͫһŭȵл֪˭𡣡
־Ķл
Ȼ֪ϷͲ»ŭ٣ҪʥǶҪᡣκŭȵ
лһָ֪˭𣿡
κ֪
лʦػ֮Ļѵûлĵ
ǳͦ񣬿ɳ̫ˣƾʲô˵µػ֮κ
һгһ塣
ˮɫģ˸ŵĹΣƺĳħһ㣬˵ĿͶȥдػ֮ĸ֣һЩͼ
ػ֮ڴˣ㻹ΰݣȵ
ͣ
κЦһ˵ػ֮ƣμ˵ɱػ֮ǰðġ
쵰ʱŭˡ
ݾ֪κȻ˵ǹġ
лȴЦˣðɣûȷػ֮Ǿ鷳ȷһ£Ǵ½ػߵһԱðĴ󽫾
Ц˭˲֪Ǵ½ػʮ󽫾֮һκЦ
ԵĻҲ׷Ӧ
ˣ˵ĻȻ޷ŷó֤ݡлĵ
ⷬٶڳͷ֮ϣ˵ɵ˭Ҳ֪лҪʲôһĪĸоƺлҪˡ
ΪʲôҪó֤֤ϼǴ½ػߵ顣κҲǽƻƺȻлᡣ
ǻ֮ӣҵǵݣǱð֮˴ߣɱˣǿô죬Ҫҽ˧ǣ֤ǵݡл
ŻԵ˧ҵӣκŭһóݵĴ󽫾ƣǰɫģư̶ɵġ
Ҵ½ػʮ󽫾ơκ
лһץ
ͻȻ֣κֲһûץȣƱлУƣЦеĵ˵ƣ˭֤ڻɣɱĴ󽫾ƣðġ
ʲôǼðġκŭտڣȴлһֱӵǰ
ˣ
ȴֵˣʱˡ


1669  Ϸǳһ
˭Ҳû뵽лȻκֶԲ̸ƣ͸κ飬Ȼôκˡ
ΧΧ֮˱ͻı仯ˣǳͷϵĸĸҲ㵵Ŀл
̫ˡ
ˮле˼Ǵ½ػߵĸҪ仯ˡ½ػ֮֮һķ׷ЦǺǵĵ
֮һˮϦһɣĻŮˣһЦֻûô򵥵飬Ǵ½ػߵĸ֣ԴӰǰػ֮л뿪ѾˣǸл֣Ǻϡ
ҿδأͻϵֻзΪڵر棬лӣɱʮֵֶΣοҪùˡ׷Ц
ǺкøаˮϦЦʵ
׷ʼ磬ֻǶͻûøаˣҪ̲ѵˮǻкøвɡ
ˮϦߵȻǵóѣҿлػ֮ʲôɡ
ڴһ㵽׷һڴϷݵӡ
ǵĽ̸ȻûлĶͨ
ʵлҲ֪Щ˹ģҪ֪½ػÿһöԸġ
׷绰ἰĻȻϵǾлǵɱ֣ֻɱ⡣
ǷԸһĸκҪɱɱ
նɱκ飡
лԺôһͷȻκɱĻǴӼѣȴԸ壬ܹԸˮ֣˲ǺõĽ
ҲΨбֳ㹻ܹõ˵Ͽɡ
ͬʱˮôȻγڿ͸¶ǵ̬أ˺һԸҲֻܱ½ػ߸ҪǿƳˣȻƿش½ػߣԲֳ㹻ǹؼ
ȻˣǾκ֤ɡ
лٿȻ֣ٶޱȣֵҲ׺ݣһȫޱս
κΪ󽫾ʵεȵǿᣬʮսʼģȻûдﵽʮս۷弶ҲǾԵǿߡ
ķӦҲѸޱȣ̳ȭֵ
أ
ȭͷײлǿֲȫŽս۷弶ʵ˵ڵκ飬ǰδﵽ۷лܽնɱġ
һȭκȭͷ׷׵ѣκұ۶ʼѣѸٵӣսҪɵļ
κû뵽л˿ٵĳûзӳ߳ɵŻ˵ıʹ֮£Ҳȫɱӿ۰ڵսǶս棬ȻУκұը飬˸ǲҽ󵹷ɳȥʮףײǺ󷽵Ļ£ҵʮ˷ȥ
ֻһȭκϱˡ
һԭֵ˶ʱһУγɵڳǣóͷϹۿ˲г
ˮͷһۣҲ˺Ȼ
ſɻκ飬޷һϱ˵ĵزҪ֪κǻϣΪʮս۷弶ǿߣһƣôκδҲǳ۷弶ͨ켶ĳǿ߰
ǿлֵһ峤кͱѩ峤Ѧ׳˷ܵĵȴлģһ˵гȻļæͷ±л
󽫾
κʮ״ɵĴʧɫŭűȥ
ߣ
лҪȻʹ˰ݵġ
ֱӱײȥ߽սܹ⣬һ̣ʮ˱ҽѪܷɵȥлҲĲ˼ĳ嵽κĽǰ
ÿٶȣ׷ͺ
ˮϦӵм֮ģΪ׷磬ų˼һ٣ôˣ
ֹ֡׷з侫⣬˵лٶ޵УΨ첻Ƶİ巢ӵ쾡£˵޷˵ٶȰеҪƴһٶˡ
мɰջʤˮϦ
׷ҡҡͷְ֮ɡ
˻
ˮϦһĿ˸ⶢлЩԼĶ䣬׷ܰģٶȷ棬ģǾȻûаӮлٶȣлδʮսʣлﵽ׷ľ磬ٶȴﵽ޿ɱĵز
ĺڴлĵƴ½ػߵĸ֡
һ
ȰվκĽǰ
𣡡
κõ־ڵǰҪɱ˵ģҪлǫһ
û뵽һԼȻϱˣ˲зϡ
κŭһӱˣŭŭȭ׺ݵĺлһܵĴɽӽͻƵҲƻһХЯŴصػȥ
֮ŭ
лҲȡɣҪ潫κ鱩ɱϾݰ䣬ĺ䶯Ż᳤á
˶ǱǿԶ˶
ǵֱϷ·һҪһ棬һ硣
䣡
ȭͷײһ
ڣҫ
ǿǳŶҵҡǽţγɷȶΧˣǧ׶оǿֲķ׷׵ĵˡ
лκĿԣǵҷ裬籩Ű˷Ŀĩ١
ž
лֱ΢΢һȻȻһһɰ
ǱлǿֵסκٶʹһֱѪ˫εĲڵϣȴȥһع֡
ٶ
κȫģٶȱǾͱʵȷѷɫлֹһˡ
־ˡ׷
лԣ׿һ۷׷磬ƺڰҲ֪׷絽ʲô˼
Ķ֮ͨ£־ʮս۷弶Ҳ޷ױ
ٶ̫죬˺ѿӰ
ͷκ鵹˵ͻȻͣ־ɫĴκ˳
κ鿴־·𿴵˾һ㣬ϱ۳˲зϣлĺ޴ﵽ˶㣬ڵϣΪұ𰡣
־ɭɭĵ˭һ£ҶҪ⳥ʲôݣ
˵ʱ򣬻־ĿͶл
лȻһЦƺĵ϶ڳˡ
󣬿ڻ־ѹʮﾲĵûһ˿лٷԲڵˣΪﵽһ߶ȵ˶ܹġ
־ɱʢ·ͫȼţһĻΧ֮˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ׷׵ĺˣ˭˲֪ǻ־ɱ˵ǰףһ֣ܵͲֵˡ
лƲƲ죬ֻͨ˰ˡ
ҾëͷСӰɡ־Įĵ
˿˵ȴѾˡ
˶֪һϷڿʼˡ


1670  Ϸǳ
һʥ֮ʱͷǿͷ澭ĵ񱩾ųƵХ죬ʧɫŭһŭѪɺӵĿˣͷ˽棬ȷ˽Լ˵ȥĻջȻɱʮֵл
һǴ½ػ֮һĻǵϵǿ֮һʮս۷弶ǿڣսǱ뺷֮ż֮ս𾳽ǿߣΪ־Ϊ֮־򣬽Ų죬ΨҶ
Ľأ
ÿ˶ڴ
ǫҲ̲סǰ˶Щġ
Ͼ־Ǿ糬ż֮ģսܹɨʮսǿߵġ
οл绹δﵽսʵĵزҪѷɫһЩˡ
־öȥػ֮ģȻҪԣαعĨǣлֱ˵ĽתƵ档
ἰӣ־Ҳ۶ǻԵ˧
Ҵ½ػߵػ֮Ƿڣ޹أ˭Ҳ޹أ޹Ҷӣк£һĽͣҿɿһ־ĵ
лȻһЦ˧޹ػ֮ϣκػ֮һĽͣҿƹ˵
ԡ
ͬԸκǰ㡣
Ҳ֮ǳͷϵķ׷ˮϦҲס˺־ɲκܹģƺЩ
֪˭𣿡־ϵĮʧȡ֮һĨЦݡ
Щ˶Ĵ
ɱ˵ס
ʸ֪˭𣿡лЦеĵ
֪ԷݣˣȥЩģƫƫ⻰ȴ͸޾ɱҩζʮġ
ڱ֪־ͫڵĻȻʹһ˫۾ȼŵ棬ȫһܵһ𣬷·һˡ
л״һ
ǻ־ȣ̬ȡ
κ飬տʼ̬ʾлӣǻ־ʵǿȴǶлӣޱӣҲʾ˵Ĳ򵥡
ҵ뿴֪˭лԾЦеģ˿ûгֵ˼ʵսѾȫת
־һȾҵĶӣȻɱʲôǫǸðػ֮
˵ĺɣ·һжȻġ
ǫԣ嶼ˣ񽣳ʣĮָǻԵ˧Ĳ棬һҪɱ˧ӡ
ҪҪЮң֣ɱҶӵĻᶼûС־
лЦ𣿡Ҳó˼ȭףϣһ¼ȭ׵֣ɱ
õǫٽն¡
ԥִľٶ÷׷磬ˮϦһǫ־вûá

־ŭһץһ޴ĻƸֳץǫ
δأ
лֳֵ״սѷɫ־ǻ־ü֮ҲԻȻҲ޼᲻ݵҺ̬־аԭ
ƶն
־лֱǿĶ
һУͬһֱ֣նǻ־Ļ۵档
أ
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־Ҳǫһն£ӵԴҪˡ
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лЦˣԻ־Ŀֲֻ֣ŵ㣬һҺ̬һٶȡ
Ƶ磡

лٶһޣһӱ㽫־ȥ·ˣҲֵ̬նȥ
־ŭȵȭ
ȭʮɵһ־леֲɽɱƺһЩļ֮
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лҲʾ޶Ϊں߼ƶնһ϶ͻƼ޵ĵز߼ںϣǲȻһƶն߱ô򵥣Ŷ˱սء
мȭսʼļӳ˵Ǵﵽлʩչһʱĸ߶ȡ
ֵȭͷ֮ϡ
˶ʱɴ۾ȥҪĽϾ־̫һˡ
ѩ峤Ѧ׳лҪù˰ɣҲѲƤ
϶ģǿǻ־ܸоһȭڿǼ˼֮ǿǼ֮𰡣϶Ļͨ켶ĽУͬռݾƵİƾлεֿһҲ˷ܵص
˼İӶ̽˳ǽ
ǾͲˡ
أ
˽棬ײ
漴ͬʱлһŲ̤˧Դ档
Ȼƽɫ
˭ҲδռϷ硣
εľͬըһ㣬˶ˣ־ԼҲЩȻлȻܹסһȭ
ΨлԼ
ȷǲֲ٣ǻ־δܽԼļ֮ȫӳҲûʹļ˱ȽϵĻԼҪѷɫһЩϾ緽վЩģȻлҲţó񵶵ӳ֣ʩչʱ޶ںϼֶܵΪĻҺ̬ƾٶȣҲδûϣ
ۣ
һƽɫǫĽûͣ
һ˧Դնˡ
ã׷״ѿڶ
ˮϦҲһȴûз׷ǰʧ̬ɻĵƺǳǣɲԸ񡣡
ֻҪлƴһٶȿ˭죬ܹٶȷͻأɱ˧ǻ־ϰݣûлˡ׷
𣿡ˮϦݷһĨĪЦ⣬ô˵лඡ
׷˵ͷ
ҲŭĻµģһȭûм֮ķ֣߳ɵսлȴƺǼˡˮϦ˵
ˮļ֮ˮĸӦ˵лȷҪѷɫһЩģվûпʮսʼ׷
Ѧ׳ɺͻھлʵ֮󣬾˷ܣΪ˧ע־Ҫɱ˱ˡ
лԾЦݡ
־ϱ֮Ƭص¶ֱǧ֮ߣ˶ĺˡ
ɱӵʲô롣л

ԣɵһǻ־Ҳһ㵡
лĵҪϣĶӣȥҵȵʱ־ڰţһбҶˣǰĥ뿴־ʲô̬ȣ㲻סˣûһ۵ı֣ʱҾͶ϶ĶӣӦκ鵽϶ػ֮ȴ˵װʶ֪Ķͨô˵Ͳһŭ֮ɱ˴ˣȻԣı֣˿ûн˵ϣֻĸеӵΣֻһֿܣ֪˲ӣֻһ
Ķͨ־
ûĶͨԻҪҲ磬Ҳ֪Ķͨ˵𡣡лĵ
л޹˼ɵͱƣû־еһ˿ѿ
Ҳ㽫һðݣȴˣлЩ飬ǣ˧飬һҪϣ˧Ȼ޷ˡ
ʱ򣬻־һθол˵Ѳ


1671  ԡһ
־ɫ˸ǷóأݵȻǿзػ֮ǳͷ滹λأ׷ˮϦǿģһڴѹˣ˿ȥ϶ػ֮
ȻѺѵġ
һ˵ĻһʼͱֳĲȥϣȥѣԳ⣬лһԸǡ
鵽̶ȣϲϿݳ˹ؼ
Сħεȴϻۡ
ػ֮ƣ˸ɵĹΣˮ֮УͿΧ̵ͼƶɢĹΣһٵͼڸ߿ոֳ
һ͸һظС
Ҷػ֮
˹Ŵ½ػݵҲϹʥģֻǺһ
ҧָָһһȺѪ档
Ǻػ֮ĸҲͬһ㣬𣬻ǹΧ
Ψеõػ֮ϿɣҴػ֮ѪˡĿкâ˸˭ɱݣ
ܵ
Щ½ػЩ춯׷׵ĿԵ
׷׷ػ֮
ľٶ֤ݡ
л״ֹ׷ƺڰ֮ǰı֣ݣֳǵ̬ĳ𣿻Ϊ˶Ըôء
ˮϦػ֮ˮϦͬӦʵݡ
Ȼϣ־ҪҲûģ߶ʾݣ֮ǰҪֹһģл֮ǰֳٶûаֹҲķ׷ˮϦûֳ֣һлĻҲ¡
־񣡡߾ƣǳ
ڵ־ʱڸоѿ˵κȱ֣ͿıҪܻ׽ȥԼԼĶ⡣

߾ƣȵ񣬸ݴ½ػ׼ػ֮Ȩ͵ظݣ
־һ鴤Ȼ¸ݣЩ¿ɶˣǾԲ˳ˮˡ
־μػ֮־ҧ΢΢һһ
ػ֮ѱ˵£ӵػ֮ݣҲĶ࣬ػ֮ѹһͷػ֮һЩ顣
Ҽǵú񷽲Ż˵ʲôҪܻ׽Һػ֮ģ԰ɣл˵ˡ
Ҵ½ػߵ飬㻹ûʸ졣־ߵ
лȻΪ½ػ֮󽫾λͬλǫǻͬΪҴ½ػ߳Ա
ν󽫾Ǵ½ػе֮λ
ֵĴѾٵػλҲǱػ֮ĻӶӳǴ½ػţʶΪ󽫾λȴģֻԴӴٵû˵󽫾ˡ
ҵλͨΪػ֮Ļ󽫾㷽˵Ҫñ󽫾ػ֮Ǻ⣬ѵҪ췴ɣл˵Ѿˡ
־쳣ѿ
Ƿ׷ˮϦ˴˶һֹۣϵĻĬ־Ӧ
л־
˻󽫾λͨעνһ־Ը⡣лЦ
־ߵ󽫾֮ǰ˱˵ػ֮ΪðȻҪãΪ½ػߣʸҲôɡ
ŶǸʻ˭㱨ţڴ֮ǰֻǽӴκɣѵ˵ġл
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һЦĻ־еһ˿һ뵽ԼݣʵλѵɣȻл
׶κ֪ػ֮Ϊ棬ȴҪ˵ǼðģûɱǾ췴ǲǸþ͵شл
κһɫˢһ±òҰףû˵ңҸû˵
־ֵģҵˣ˭㣬һ۵ġתлȻ󽫾˵˵ˣǾó֤ݰɣû֤ݣǾҲϣ󽫾һĽ͡
֤ݡ
бǫҲǰһ˵
־ɫ΢䣬֮ܲǰл˵Щлˣ˵ɣǳػ֮ˣػ֮Ļ㣬˭㣿
κ֪ݣҪıʵҴ½ػ֮ͽɱ󽫾͵شκ飡ȵ
л
һһ͵ľҪնɱκ顣
Ϊ־ĵһĸκ̫УһǷ־ǰģڵŻ־棬նɱô־ξİˣǰܵĺܳףһʱ䶼û˵ģػ֮Ҳˡ
־ȵ
лЦѵΪػ֮˵мٲɡ
־ǿŭ𣬳κҵˣȻҪػ֮ıͼ죬ǾҵΣԸеҲκ飬ʣĻʹˣҲҪҴ½ػеڼͳͳľ
κˣƺϹذɣ˽㴦ԲҲšл
һҪôء־ĵ
лЦ¾
䡫־Ȼǿʢļ֮ʵνǾ׵ģһȫ֮ɢѹлΪ֮һ̫ǿˡ
ƾڵĸолֻ֪ܹ⣬ݵںϣһʤ㣬Ҳֻһʤѣɼ־սжôǿ
󽫾ȻҪػ֮ǾҿûǸʸʵ־
л飬ǿҵҡлЦ
־ߵһ㣬ҿҪߴ󽫾ҳûбŴ󽫾߲Сɱ˴󽫾ɲҪԹҡ
лЦ˵ЦƾҲ˵ң
֪ߵغ񣡡־ŭȻһţһѹƵͬһɽѹлȥ
лѹ֮£Ȼ˿Ӱ죬Ŀ־Ǻ󷽶ϱ۵κ飬κ飬쳤ӣڱȥɱ㣬ͷȥĸȥ


1672  ԡ
֮ǰ棬ܴĻ־ŭˡ
֮ǰ棬ºڣҪлѿҪ޷Ϊػ֮ģڿɺãһжûʵ֣ĹǺ涪ܹ衣
ǻ
ŭĻ־ŭϵļ֮ҲҵĲ·ҪĻɽӿһеҽƵأҲʾ־ǿóͷϵҲʶ־ɱ֮ˡ
󽫾ǰնɱκ飬һ־ϴ־
ĻǱԼ̬ȡ
Ǳκˣ˭ɱκ飬ɱ֮ȻĻ˵ϾݲͬоԼ¿ģΪĵһĸκ鶼ˣΪִɱԺ˭ڻһбȻܵĴŲ٣Ǹʱִͳ˧һ
ͬģлҲҪ־ϣ˲Ż˵ԡ
ðҾ͵Ż¹ˡлЦ
־ָл޷㲻Ҳǲзϣ
лЦһҪˣ
ѻ־ǶԻ־һӣ̼Ļ־ɱʤȫ֮𲻶ϵʱҪӡ
ણ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬Ȼһš

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˥һ⣬޷ʩչģһ㣬ֻҪǴأκηˮ谭Ҳ޷谭޼ɵʩչ
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л˵עУƾʧӰ١
־һץϺȵҹ
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رʱӳһ棬м֮͸£־յĿǼ֮ǻյ£ħޣҲֻзеףͼһ֣֮ǿǴﵽͨ켶ͬԵĶӳҲǱֶʹõġ
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лǿڸ֮ģڵǱУӰ죬ͺˮеһļ򵥡
Ǽ֮һ֣̾л¯֮УĶȻЩͣͣ޷ǰƶ
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лػʥڰУɻһʱأԼ֮Ϊʼ塣
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ܣ֮ǿǻ漫£ڷ˵׵Ļ棬ûܹܵˡˮϦ
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лһ־ûпôʩչһٶƾʧ
ֵʱȻǻ־ʮ׵ĵطԾ˵ٶɱκ顣
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־ԲлȻɵض㿪ĹûзӦԽƽһ
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һĻȭٵл
ǰ쭵лһЦȻأˢһ£ٶʧ㿪ˣǰκŵüΪ־Ĺֱģ㼱æԽȥ
ոط𣬾͸еһɭɱӵ´
ǰδеΣͷԺ֡л
֮£лٶͬľˣûκ£˲㵽κ¡
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ҲԾȣȻᷭȥ
־ȭļ֮Ŵ͸ȥļ֮Ǹģۼڵ棬һݣֹл
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Ҳһ̣׷磬ˮϦŽ峤ȵȶɴ۾ŵĿŻ־ı
󣡡
л̲ס˻
лЦҲڻ־ı
ϵˣ
־ٸвδٶһƾոתΪ
ЩǶʱһһģ
лƺڵһ㣬׳Ƴνݵļơ
ҲлС
޶
ݴںϣ
лսֲı֣񵶱һа׳ĵ⣬ͨ͸ʣǻ־صնȥ
죡
־ȻҲᵽлһĿ̶ֲȣҪĻͽκ鱩¶Ψ潻ֵһɢȥЩ֮ٵ۹ۼ˫ȭ˫֮ϡ
һ޴ĻҲץС
Ʒսʼ񵶡񵶡
񵶼ϼ֮ǿļʽ־Ҳ˻һӶ׺ݵӭȥ
˾ֺͬ͵ײ


1673  塾һ
ˣ񵶣˵һǵˣǾ춯صһƾ˫ıɱֶΣЯһȻײһ
䡭
Ǻͬ챻ͱ𶯵նѺۣͬ貵̻Ѥá
ನγŰ˷ϯһС
ǿƵĳײҲʱֳһ߸ߵ͡
ǿĻ־ƺһһСҲһСѣⲻɵлΪ֮
ǽԼǿĶӳˡ
ݵĴںϣ֮ǿɻһͨʮս۷弶ĸ֣˼ʮ׵İɣǻ־Ȼֻ΢ĺһСͱһ㣬ȫӳ֮Ļ־Һ̬֮Կġ
Ҫ֪лռȻġ
ʹջ־֮йȥȻ䱳͵Ϯϼȭ׺񵶵޶ںݣﵽսܷӵļޡ
ۻ־ء
ûнȫӳϾǴֲ£ˣԾɵֿһ΢·ˣ˶ûУôлܹĿǰΪֹлܹȫֿϣ
Ҫ־潻ʤлҲҪͻƣʮսʼſԵġ
л𺳹𺳣ϵĶûͣ
ռһϷ磬ҲҪһƷӵ£лһ˻־һС񵶱ٶȳ
οһƣǾٶȣ
ˢ
лһΣ㵽˻־࣬Ҳ֮նȥ
ˢˢˢɲǼڵ̫죬Ϊһ׺ݵĺڻ־Ļϵһ㡣

죬ٶȣʹû־ûʱȫոֵл
ƾٶƣ־ȫӵĻᡣ
һʱ䣬лͺȰ㣬ڻ־ǰңϵس֣Ҳǵص£γĵ⣬ͬƬƬѩһ㣬಻ްͣ͡
ÿٶȣٶȴܹ˰ɡˮϦ
׷ͷ
ˮϦ֪Ϊʲôҽ峤˲õսˡ
Եٶ֮£־Ҫˡ׷
վڲԶĹŽ峤Ҳüͷ壬·սڿԼǻ־ĻٶȣӦȻҲһĪչ
ƾžԵٶȣлռϷ硣
ϵسգۼնȥһǧ൶ÿһĻ־һϢָһǧ൶û־ĵĲĳˡ
лȻҲģֻΪʶĵһЩɵɶлԣѾ㹻ˡ
ˢˢˢ
ĵ֮УлȻһ
ĵӰȥ
ڻ־й֮лһٶȺ߼ƶնĽϡ
񵶵ķնȥ
һǧ൶ģʹû־ҲƳ˹ƶҪˣֻܹɶԿ

ػڻ档
Уǻ־ʹƺһһѪǿû³ȴһԵɳȥ
һˣ޷κ顣
Ƶ磡

лٶҲٶޣˢһ±㱬ȥŻ־ڱ˵ʱκĽǰ
ʱκѾɵˡ
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κ鿴лɱ˻һ㾳ˣʱһƴһսϣϾ־˰ܱģֻǱлһ¶ѡ
Ƶĳײȥ
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־п˻һӲֹסŲлɱκ飬һնȥҪ赲
ͬʱǿɲ׶Կġ
лһЦһţʧǹС
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κǰһģԴ͵־һնУŵֱð亹
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˭Ҳû뵽лȻַʽɱκ飬ժԴлˣҲֻΪлƾٶȺ䲻ĵְˣ˭Ҳû뵽лȻܹл˻־ȻժκԴ
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֮ǰ˸˵ȥûţᱻЦŴţûˣһƭ˵ġ
лˡ
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ҵĸѽл̫̬ˡѩ峤Ѧ׳ɿЩо·лɨԼһۣ͸еӿ죬ҪǻˣŵļæͷڳǽǰһĿ־塣
һ峤Ҳŵöԡ
˶һۣо˶Էľ塣
̫ˡ
˼ƾٶȾȻһȥһ°Ž峤Щڴĵ
վԵϹ֮һʥ峤Ц峤Ҳ˼ҲЩڴˡٺһЦҸ뿴־ǷܹԼ֮ǰ˵ĳŵл£϶˼
˼Ҫݰ˶ĴȤĿţοˡ
־Ҫл¹
֮ǰ־Լģ޷κôֻǸԼһ޷ͷĽڣնɱл鷢չȴоԼԼס
˫۾ˢˢĶ
ҪˣֻԼûˡ
ˣܲĹ°ɣǻȥ
ղƺ˵޷κ飬Ҫ󽫾µģд£պ޻־Ľ񣬱£Ϊѿ
޷κ飬־ĴѾǳ֮ˣ֧һϵеķӦ
¹ǾɨˣԺ־ûˡ
ƫƫػ֮Źѡ

־³һĿ˸ǳװˣҪ¹ǾԲܵġ
ĵ־ЩҪ˷ѱʱ䣬¿ͷ֮󣬱Ҫȥ㸮ͣκԴ㸮ϣЩҪѱ֮ˣǱߵ³
Щϸôţ˶ˡ
־ȻҪκԴȥͣѵͲ»־ûɱ
оǾȻҪκԴڻĸϣҲȷ۸˵ˡ


1674  塾
Ƕ־Ӧ
ػ֮ղűֻһϷԡ־ǿŭֻˣʱɵ϶óϷûаϵġ
ЦϷԣûڴ֮ͥ£ǧǰ˵ĻϷˣ㣬ʲôϷԣҪǸΪеӺ˵ث֣ŵԣǣػ֮ɱȨְλԶ߳½ػУøҴ½ػ߶ۡ
˭Сħ
ҪôɻأͲСħˡ
ػ֮ô̫˰ɡ־
̫֣ӵѱǲǹ֣ĸɱǲǹ֣Ѿǵͬ췴ˣֻسŵǹˣ־ñֵĻǱκıɱʹġĵˮڣ
ֵķ׷ˮϦû뵽ֳˡ
˲ֱӺͻ־ԣǼȻػ֮ݣôҪϵء
εĻһۣӳͷϷ
ھ־Զĵطػ֮
ڻκǻ־ʹıģմ½ػͽûȷе֤ݣκĹϵҲѲ˸ϵֱ˽־ãѺʱʡ
⡭
ɵ
Ƕģ˺ƤľٶûеģҶɹȫֵġ
ľֹҲùŽ峤ʥ峤Сӵֶĸ֮л֣ö֣Ǳǳ˺棬Ҳû־ɨصĻᡣ
ͬ⣬͵شǻһ־Ҫ췴Ҳܣʲôطο϶˼ҾǸȨοһҲǶҳ־ģ־֮λʧ֮⵽ѹģ϶ûġ
ҿͲҪΪǶ˰ɡ׷絭ĵ
־ϵļһ鶯Щڣû뵽лǿ˿ѷɫģӶԼݣѹֻܱ
׷磬ˮϦһֱԸģмβ㱬ͻôһᣬ˿ܾʹ˰
˻˻ᶯ֣־ȴš
Ϊ֮ĶԹѹѾˡ
ҪҲѡ
⣬û־ɵﰵͷΪʲôûɹҸ̨¡
ͷԶ˿ء
ˣΪʲôңȥĵ־ͬһӪģҪƴ½ػߵģ־ѿʲôϵҪġ
ߵǰ㡣
ң־СӺлǻ쵰۸ˣ㲻ȥôǰˡЩŭ
ߣҪȥ־һ³Ц
ЦˣҲ̫С˰ɡ
˵ǣս־ǿлѴ֮л㿴˭
˳ŷ˵Ŀ⿴ȥͿȺվһˣȥһͷӣû˿ȴеһ϶
ҳ֣϶Ȼʵҿɶһֻ𾳽ˣصȫԶԿļ֮ף֣ҿɲΪǻʤߣһʧܣ־𣿡˵
Ĭˡ
Ϲǿ壬ÿһǿжܹ뼫֮׼֮࿹ġ
ÿһжһֻſ𾳽ġ
أͲܳ
˷ۣҿɲԼȥ鷳ǸлûֹҲÿ־Ḷ́ƻƺ֪Ҫ㲻Ҫһ֮ԸңοһɱûˣһҳǶףҲбɱΣգɶףͿɱҿɲðգɱйߡ
ɱﵣ
ҲȻ뵽Һ̬Ҳͣûг档
Ǿ˻־Եľ档
Χ֮ϷʵĿ⣬־һѹ˸гڶĸо׷׵ĽҪ¹
ٿЩ¡
һ¶˸еĿκͷ
־Ȼһ¹ˣôԼɨأû˲˵ԼҲˣһЩһֱԵ˰ˣһͿֱܷġ
Բ¹
־һᣬˮҪ֣ҷ㣬ҸС¹򣬾ܣ
ˮ£ȵ
׷ˮϦһۣҲ˼תã̤һγɼл֮ƣǻ־
˵ľٶû־ɫ΢䣬Ҳˡ
ʵ֮Уǿʵ൱ȴǶһ˵Ƕֵġ
׷ϵĵһɵ΢Χתţŵļ֮硣
緽ǿ
ˮϦòɣȣһϮȹƮ裬һͷںڵ㷢ҲƮţȥɷˣһˮɫˮȴʾһ˿ֲѹ
ˮǼ֮ˮ
֣ѹ־
־һʾļ֮Ҳٶȱݱ䣬Ѿ˵󣬷·Ǵ½ػߵڧ
š
ݱȴл׽һ˿仯Ǿǻ־ļܹ֮ͼ֮翹⣬ܹͼ֮ˮ⣬з׷ļ֮ļ֮ǣţôˮϦļ֮ˮֳˮ˻𣬼֮֮ǣƣһӾѹȵĻ־Щ
Ƿý־أ
л˼תնɱ־ôЩ±Ȼ췴Ȼ˿ͶǶԴ½ػߵ˵һĻʵһػ֮巽ȻվǵߣзߵĽĹŽ壬Ըһ壬壬ҪĻùƺԼ
Ի־
лһȥյ֮ҲѾӵʶС
һУʱһ
ǻ־ȴҾʹ˷ɣȻɵвԷлˡ
лЦһҺ̬Ȼεѹ־棬سŵ¹ɣ
׷ˮϦ״ȻջԼ
ǵǣû־ٶȼԼлŵʱѾˣлץסֻþԿ޷ʹü֮ıƴ


1675  塾
ۼлٶһռмƵġ
Һ̬ȫܹͷ˯һ㣬οʮսʵľˡ
Һ̬·ˮһ㣬߹ֱӽǻ־һľˣѹʱ뾫棬û־ĲսԳлҲлȻ˲
Ļ־ɵŭˣ񱩵Ĵ߶⡣
лӵһЦҺ̬̱ǡ
䣡
˾͸еһ󲨶Ƕƶ˵ɫһ䣬Ҳоǿֲľľ涼Щȵġ
ĿˣȴҲ¶֮ɫ
Һ̬̫ˡ
һ־ʱелҺ̬һ࣬һӾͽľѹҪļɰѻ־ŵɫ䣬ⷽһҲɵϴӵġ
ò
лȴˣȾ磬ɲʹþԾģҪռȻлᣬһľԶʤһȻԷ
õᣬȫѹƻ־Һ̬㱬˳ѹ̬ѹȥ
־ȫء
лЦһҺ̬ȥֱӽ侫俪ˣͬʱѹȥ
ǶֳŵɡлЦеĵ
룡־ҧ
лĵֻǿˡ˫ĿȻ˸׺ݵĹâҺ̬ȫ汬ޱ£
ֲҺ̬۳һʮ׵ɽ
¡
Һ̬ѹڻ־ľ棬һӱײҵĲǰһ󷢺ڣͷ˼壬΢΢Ĳ
־ǿžѹȸС
ֶԿ
лҲҺ̬ϵѹȥ
䡭
˾͸еһĲԼЩܲסҪ˵־ˡ
һδεѹ־˫ȱһϥǽؽӽ棬Ҳϵذȥ
£лȻһ
ǿֲҺ̬Ҳ֮һȥ
һҵĻ־͸еһˣ·߰ļ䶼ʼļ󣬾Ҫˣһججģֿ־ҲһɣҲֲס
ͨ
־ڵϡ
˫ϥأҺ̬ײǲĻ־ȻѹԼϥǹڵϣ־òҰޱȣ·ĳЦ·𿴵Լ˶Ļɣӡ
־һˡ
˳ŵǸȥĸˡлף־ͷ
Ȼվл
лĿԡ
˶һҪսĸоϾ׵Ļ־
־ڳ鴤ѪŭҲָ߶ȵѣǻ½ػ֮һ˾ſ£ҪһҪлĥˣѽͷ֮ޡ
ֻ̡
־ף踺صлǰȥϣ޷ڵģһ˦֣뿪ˡ
ˣڳſڵһ־Ž
лһʤٶ˼ʶ񱩾
ˮͬһȥͰɡ
֣Ҳ𺳲ѣлֳչֳǿ
Ȼͬ⡣
λǷǰȥҲһͬǰȥءл˵Żͷ˿һƲһۡ
ȻǰȥˮϦ
Ǳκͷһڳǡ
ڳſڵҲɢȥǲ෹̸ˣ㹻ۺܶģ˵Ҳϣ˵Īһѹˣ׷ױ棬첻ѡ
ڳǣл֣ڳǵĽֵǸɾԱҲϡһЩԪƺҲҪһӣطҪ߱ĵزľ֮ء
ԶԶرܿһɽ
ɽ֮ߣէȥеһӴޱȣͬ˯һ㣬Ǿɽѹĵط
лֹʱҪȥ
ڳļ֮ۡһռʮƽףӴԻͳ̶ȿƼݳ޵ġ
ȻҲΪʹŴ½ػߣ񵺱Ǵ½ػ߿Ƶĵط˽ҵģбǴŴ½ػĸжһڵıǻԸ°빦˵ܹɵƿһ츳㹻ģﵽ𶼲ѵģ־ǻɵɱɼ֮ģ˵ǻصڡ
һкܿ
־Ѿ֮л֮ǰı֣ҲûǸ赲ģֱڡ
д󿪡
˷֣ڻ־Ҳ֪ȥʲôطû
Ϊػ֮½ػȨˣȻλ棬лǫΪ󽫾λͬǱ׷ˮϦ״
־ҸɣˣɲԸⱻڿ࣬뿴лԼ̲ס֣ǻ˵ֶԸлˣǱֳһʲô⣬°ѱģԻ־ˣҲǷݵȥ
ˡл˼ҳ˵ĵط
һ߽ĵ󽫾кηԸ
Ǳκͷڻͷ棬ˡлκͷ׸
ŵһ£κУǿǵλޱȵģڻ־ġ
ӣûӣȥɡǫһѡ
뿪׷ü󽫾ôǲЩˣѵ󽫾ļŭ˻
зˮڴˣҲҡлЦ
׷ˮϦһۣӿЦǱлˣ£Ҳеˡ
ȻҲµˡ
Ǽ˱˵ЦĽ̸
ǵĹϵҲûôӲлץ׼һֱܵͻ־ĴѹͬģŹͬ棬һоͶ˵ˡ
ʱҲȻš
־ʼû֣һ㣬Ҳ֪û־ֵġ
ȻȥһСʱûе㲻ˡ
λĺܴ󰡡лЦ
׷絭ĵ˭˼ʵǿأûػ֮λ󽫾
ǱϾδ棬ǶλѵҲӣлЦ
׷絭ȻһЦ˭˼ұվŵء
ôͷһģл
ⶼǰ빫飬Ȼ󽫾ҪʣҲ׷絹̹ʣڵľŲʷ˺Զͨͻһͷƹ졣
ƹ죿
лһ֣˼ͷ֮һ˼ͷģ˱ԶͨȡǵɹʹԶͨԽͷʵ


1676  һ
˼ͷֳɡ
Ųʷ˺ǿԶ֣ͨƹ쵥һˣȻγƽľ棬˵ʲô
Ҫ֪ԶͨǺųΨصͷʸ֮Ŀֲڣ;Ųʷ֣ȻҲǺƹ촦ƽĵزΪʲôѵǵɱƹ죬˼ħ磬翹⣿
лɲ⻰ԶͨĿֲҪɵһ㣬οһħãҪĵġ
ôƹܹڣζʲôأ
λж˽⣿лʵ
׷֪Ĳֻ֪࣬ƹĳǿԶԿŲʷ˺Զͨγɣһɣһɣͷʱжġ
ŷ׷Ļлѡ
ЩȷĻ
Ȼǣ׷ƺĶģٱ׽˼˿ɲΪֻǽı֣ܹ÷׷ѡֵ֧ģǺܲʵ
ƺĻذл
ֻϧ֪ĶޣҪ˵Ŀֻзˣͻ֪׷˵
лǲ֪ĽƶӰ쵽ж󣿡
ûڵˮϦ֪Ҫ볹Ƴƣٻ嵽ʮʱ䡣
ô졣
леЩأһƳĻôľʥǵΣʱˣǰ׼ſԡ
ʱһ
ʲô˽κԴģö𣬸Ͽ҆˭ԸģҲһ߶ѣŶġ
žһ춯
ƺͷݻˡ
ս׵ĿӲŴ߽
δ֣ȽлҪŵκӸϵˣˣǵġ
˶һۣЦһҪʲô
̤ڣλһվͷţػ֮
˱Ǽˡ
лĶ˻ǿٵκͷ˼ѶԸġ
˭ҲǺǵģСħĺܣץסʶ˵¡
ĵҾ
˱ôһ̬񶼲ᡣߵֹ˵˵ҪݼΪӳһСʱ
ǲܹңҵʱ˯û˽Ұ֪ϢٶȸϹˡһεص
л˲ɰ޳ܡ
˭˯ſڵ飬ȻҲڸġ
㻹˯˯𣿡ߵ
ȻǡеҿΪǴ½ػߵæҹû˯ˣ˵ػ֮ӦʹҲǡ
޳ܣ
л̲סҪ޳ˣҪ˵Ƥսģɺвࡣ
߶Ͱɣɣܸɣƹ£½ػڣţԷΪս½ػߣұϿĹͣǹʱ䡣
л׷˲Ц
Ҳġ
СħֶΣ˵ССħʲôǫֶ̀ΣŲںֻҪԼʹͺá
ػ֮Ҫ̫˵ɡ
ߣΪʺ㡣ĵ
һ󸹷̣ɿһСŮܸܲɣҲǿģ˭ػ֮ѹһͷĵλء
֪ػ֮ټǰΪ£ʵ
ҪǰҪȡʦػ֮֮󣬵ʱڣʲôҪ飬Ҫ㱨
˷ۣûʲô£ʲôҪػ֮ԹʵģԼˡ
⻰̫˰ɡл
ܴܲҪ󽫾㱨ɡߵֻǸػ֮İΣȨֹʱ顣
лüëһЦ硣
ϾԴ½ػ̫İˣòĻ
׷ƺЩ鲻ܹ˵İɡ
⻰ʲô˼ߵ
ʵʵ˵׷֪ǰػ֮뿪½ػߵģڶף½ػߣǷ񾭹ػ֮ͬ⣬Ϊбػ֮ͣûóɡ
ţ
⻰лǫͬʱһ
Ǵûɹݣôһ׷Ļѵݻмٲɡ
ȻǸлʦ뿪½ػ֮żģҳΪҲûилʦͣ
οܣ
Ҫ֪лʦȻ뿪˴½ػڵĶһֱ´½Ͼʼѹ˼ģѵ;ûлع½ػڵĶǻع飬з׷Щ
ºѾ֤ʵ˰ɡĿ¶׹⡣
׷ཻ˵ʵȴҲĵν֤ʵƺǸ֤ʵģҺˮδ
ˮϦĵʮǰģػ֮͡óһͽ飬ҵļ룬ͻǷ֤ҵͣһʱ䣬֪ǷҲóء
;Ǹлʦױд֤ػ֮ıǺκ˶޷ģµġ
ˮʮǰʦģ
ǡˮϦشʮǰҲŶʮ꣬Щԣںħɱϣͻң㱻ħɱҺػ֮ˣʻҪҼ˴½ػߣΪˮġ
Ů˺̣һİ
ֻʮ꣬ȻѾʮս۷弶ľ磬츳̫ˣҪ֪־ͷ׷翴䲻ʵһٶˣǲࡣ
ġͽˮϦתء
ɫѾָƽĵʮǰΪҴ½ػһսУʮദƣʼշڿռָڣһսռָ飬Ҳʧȥˡ
ʧˣ
лͬʱ˵
ûΪҴ½ػ߾ľ㶪Ȼûעⶪͣɱģ£
ǸȻˣ㵱ʱΪβͣнͬڣΨиͻ֮󣬷ʸΪʲô
ĵҵʱδôֻ࣬Ǿøһ˿ԣαô鷳
Ц鷳ô˵ΪɵǸ鷳ǲǸýȡЩ鷳¡
ɴ಻شһ¿ˮ̵ӡ
ҲˣΡ
лĵҲգǷҪ֤ʵܼ򵥣лʦڱչŲһرأʱȻ񵺵ģʱǷ͵飬ʦӦüǵú


1677  
ԭлʦδ飬лȥģϾлʦδǿ϶ɾͨ쾳ģмܳΪͨ۷ͷģƲźãһ뵽лʦҲصչ˵Ķ󣬶ʲôطչض֪˭Ҳ˵¶ȻˣǾ̼һɡ
˵лʦ֮лʼն
ͿʲôӦ
֪Ȼ۾ϵıεģ۾һ˵֮û뵽Ȼ۾˿ʲô˼
ػ֮δãܹ֤ҵסͣ٣㿪ˡ
лüëһԸ˶ۡϼ޻
̫ƻˣôͻһذϢܹɵӦԣҪ֪ػָ֮֮󲻾ãʵģ˵лʦû£ڴ½ػѾγɶɵ˼άǴֲġ
Ѳ
лԴ½ػѾʶѲϼ޻ֶˮ©־ҲϵȲԶֻǱǹʹģˮͷˣз׷ֳкìܣˮϦЩ׽͸Ƹ׷磬ɹؼʱ̣Ӳ죬Լ
ҪλǰһҪλϵġлۼ޷סǷʵȨı˲ԡ
֪󽫾к¡
лλҲ֪Һ󽫾ְǻػ֮ǻӻûгԱأϣλƼһЩ˲ż롣
һЦ飬Ƿ֮£Ըѡǿ£ػ֮İȫ
Ե֧֡׷
ˮһȫ֧֡ˮϦҲ̬
ãǾͶлλˡлЦ
üͷһ壬󽫾Ǻ⣬ƺųˡ
ȻһЦл󽫾һʾһ̶ȵĻɡ
ž
ŭİĿлĵ󽫾һ͡
ڵĿϣлЦ󽫾λͨкʸ󽫾ѵΪԼػ֮𣡡˵лɫ󽫾һĽͣΪػ֮Ļ󽫾ְش𣡡
һֱûػ֮ǿƣл־֧֣˵ѾϰԵѹȷ׷ˮϦԵˣ½ػͬػ֮Ƶء
ֱһ̣Ȼøĸϰˣעһˡ
һΪػ֮Щˡĵ󽫾һɣУʵǿ¸Ǹƣ𱣻ػ֮Ҫ飬Ϊδ󽫾ѡˡ
лߵػ֮ǰȴӳһСʱ󽫾ѡ£ô󽫾Ҳܻɵ˹ؼʱ̣Щ˻ҲӳһСʱ󽫾ɲϣˣ붼벻ҪǺá
󽫾ˣ͹ˣΪ˴½ػ߱æҹŸո˯ǡػ֮ټ
ôƼˣæҹո˯ǡػ֮ɱĹؼʱ̣ǾͿƳһСʱȥȼˣ԰ɡлá
ǿʶŭ
л΢΢һЦ󽫾ǿʶ˭ջ֮£һб󽫾˵ء
ͫĵҾҪʴ󽫾ܷʤαػְ֮ˡ
󽫾ҲҪΪ½ػߣֻæ˼죬ȴ˯ΪɣƳػ֮ټǲʸʤְ֮лĵ
ã˵úãȻҶɶԷǱ˴֤һ¶ԷʵΣƵ
л΢΢һЦ֮á
Цã󽫾һºҪ峤ɷ̨ҵľºɷ̨Σ
ãһΪл
һΪЦػ֮Ҫ£ˣ
Ц뿪˻
ʱ׷ִһ
Ͼǻ־Ȼɿ϶ע顣
󽫾Ҫ˾ٺǷס׷˵
лЦŶ˻
׷ҵųƾ൱ʵʵвģˮʵ࣬սҲ൱˭ûаմܶԷͬľҲԸһߣ˽ӽͻƵıԵս֮ױǼǿģҪսĻܼʮУǾǳˮƽˡ
ôǿлȻ
ֹ׷ֹУҵжϣʱܻûȫģǼ֮ûȫʩչоʱδıһıսʼ»ֵסʮоͻᱻġ
־л̹ˡ
ҪƴҺ̬лʤ㣬ƾٶȣܹڽսлһϷˣҪ״ܻ־ܵġ
ƶϣлսʮжֵ
սµʱ䣬л㣬ΪѾﵽŽս۷弶õĻʱȫԿʮսʼľ磬ֻҪͻƽʮսʼлаˡ
ֻм仹һ峤˲þĳΡ
лģսڱеġлѾĸܵԷ׷Ĺˣ͸ˡ
׷ƳһˮϦˮϦЩȻĿԼһ֪Լֵ̫ˣ񣬵ҾԤף󽫾쿪ʤ
ллջӵ飬λ֧֡лЦ
Ȼ֧֡
Ǳˡ
߳ˮϦЦЦĿ׷磬ЦеĵƺлǳĹİ
ԺˮȻ֪ġ׷ЦһһƵʧڽӵľͷ
ˮϦŷ׷ʧķĵҲ׼ˣػ֮򵥰Ǹл½ػߵĸҪƣˣֻлأܻʤĻҵǿԿǡ
Ҳδ뿪ˡ
ڣл
СħڿʼǱסɡлЦ
Ǻã־ܣҸʲôܵӰ죬ＸǴĻԪʺҺǫ
л΢΢һЦС£ֵһᣬ׼˵óľͰ澡ǺԨʥˮֻҪʲôԪԨʥˮڣҪɱˮԵġ
ôֻأ
ҼȲǻԵģҲˮԵģⶫʺҡлЦʺҡ


1678  ػʥɡһ
лפϢȥһˣȻ־˵ɨصĵزնɱ־һĸκ飬ʱפĺ䶯ЧӦ󣬲ҽл˸Ƶһ˵ĸ߶ȣǵĵǱó˵£ǶԻ־ķ̡
ֻҪлŲһ죬ô־עûˣϾڻһ衣
ʳѰǣлפ˿أд̣ʾܱ˴־Ҫλ֮˵ϵ˿л˾ͺһ㡣
ⷴ˰
ǫˮԵģǱڸԵķڿӵлӿռȡĺԨʥˮǵٶ˵ĵطûмǸˣһ˽սʣһŽսʡ
ǿƾԵͣǵڷһͻƣӰܹһһٶʮս۷弶ֵĵζϣԶԱ⡣
ҲлפϢСʱǷҲϢ֮лɷ̨
Ϣһһε𶯡
ⷬ𶯵ĿɲͨڣǷ壬Ž壬壬ʥȵȶΪ֮ˡ
ǹܹ˼統µδδ֮ǰϵܹŽǰĳǿ߰
û˸˼ǿ
ǷΪ߶ûκгĳɵİջģսδʹù˵һԼصıǷΪħޣ޷ʹñпܣ޵ָǵĵһǿߡ
ΣǿĴʣӹɵġ
лҪϢж
Ϣ񵺶ˡ
ͬģлǿƵĶϣ׵ıˣ˲֪˲
񵺵һ죬ɱһ֮ˣȻѹһ֣ǽһܹɱʮս۷弶ǿߵ峤˲õսڳſڣʮ˵עУһĸκˣشκ飬־ϵڻ־赲£ǿնɱκ飬ǱȻ־¹䣬Ѿ㹻˰ɣȻִôϢ
һ֮ڣлһУһӽƵ۷壬ҪѹǷų˼һķͷѾ˿ʼлڽξоʤôǶʱ˼ıɺˡ
ԭӦϢĶ˶ˣˣľ¥ԭŵģһӿˣ߳Աߺȸ̸ۣһת˸ģлһл
˺ڻ⣬ҪȺܵļըԵϢ
ɴ˿ɼлĺ䶯ЧӦѾﵽʲôزɺܶ˸ΪʲôϢˣѾﵽ˰ɣѾ̸Ĺ࣬ƣʱ׼˯֮ʱЩٴδһܵϢл
Ҳעһϵķˡ
ԹڣǴ½ػ߻һܹѹ˼Ĺؼڣ˵ϹʥѰģܹһʮ˶Ծ߱һĳڣ˵һʮˣһ˾Ҳн֮ࡣ
Ȼⶼǿŵ˵
Ҳһ㣬úε֮
ӵлܹĻԵĸ֣ȻܹսԽͬ׵ǿߣҲǴ½ػܹػ˼ʱɣһӵˮһӵˮһӵзڴ½ػǿʢʱڣľͽ˵˼磬ĪҲӣлʦѹ˼磬̶˿Ե˼Ǳɺɨȫ˼ʱ
֣ʱ̱ĶͨлһҲôǿƵ̬ڵء
ֻͬһƵҽĴڣĻԵԵͨ۷弶ǿߵĹǺɾ͵ģԲ̣ܶݺ᳤иһǧңռʮƽ׵Ļʲôȣµĵطȣ˵ֱ뺣Σ֪
һǧףûʲôʩֻţǣ룬˸¾ǻ棬ȼգڴȥǻ棬ÿһʱ䣬緢һЩ˵йеãһߣԻΪɱ
½ٲ㣬ʵԽ͵ģڲεͻԽߣʵԽǿ£ؿʼӽ
лһ㡣
֮ȼգȻ
ߴٲ㿴ƺܸߣǵ»ȴǧ׵ȣҲ˵һֻǻıԵƤѾʣȥ˵ɣ¼֮δǻпǴ˵гԽƼ޵ʥ׵Ļǲܵģʥһܵġ
лﲻɵڳһ˷֮顣
ػʥʼ޷ɣԭûǿɵЩ֮ЩǿҪҳż֮׵̫ˣ˵Ӧǣʺ
ͬʱҲսٶȻǳ֮ģϾںġ
ڻһ㣬Ļ֣ЩһɫƵĿлЩ¶Ũصɱ⣬Ͼл裬Ƕǵ衣
λҪͱ󽫾ǡлЦеĵ
ã˼ҷŭķй͡
ȴûһ˸ҳ
˭֪κĵλǻ־һĸлӲǱ˻־նɱģеڡ
һλãǽΨһڣǸλȼգ¶֮ߣԲ
лһվλãͷһۣ۴ǻ棬ʮľ룬㻺½ǻҲ𽥵ǱѾǵɵĵز
Ļٱ
лܹƾĶͨģһЩӰʮˣΪҲǶﵽ˾Žսʵĵزϴɵսǳֲģɴ˿ɼôĿֲôѹһأ
ƿش½ػߣ
ʱлһǿҵͷǿԲɢȥһƽЩ˵ʵǿǻͻͽﵽ磬ͨ쾳綼ǿܵġ
ǱٶףлɵľͷǰȻż֮׵ˡ
һУ͸еһŵ⣬ĿͶлĿһֱһˣҲ͸һ˿ֵɱ


1679  ػʥɡ
ܹлɱ˲࣬ڵʵһûо֮߱Ҫɱϼѣȴл״ζɱһ֣ڱ㶯ֵĳ嶯ǻ־Ķӡ˧
֮ǰ־֪һ˧˧һģһʮ;ѾĽսʣҲ൱츳ҲһΪ־ǰľ硣
ֻǸ
лˣ־ҪҸ
־ڶ񵺵ĵλԼĹϵ¾Ƿ˶ҪֵģǺ塣
ˡ
־ΪʲôΪΪĶ츳Ǳ̫ˣ˵лʶвһεģܹлĵز
˧ȥл࣬ʮӡ
侳磬Žսʡ
յĻ棬ż֮ʥ׵ʵ츳˾ѵδ˧ԿɳԽ־൱ļȶ߾ͨ۷ľͷ硣
һˣ˵ˣǾ־гˣҲ֪ǰɱڳɳڵġ
һ˧ɳôĽԵĴ
л˧Ŀ㶢ѹȵ˧һϢУϾ˧ֻͨľŽսʼлȾŽս۷弶൱Ĳࡣ
ֻѵĵزɱлһЩСЧҪǿ֪ٱء
˧л
˧ڸ׵Ȼлʮ㣬ңʵĲ˿ܹڿ޵ֻ߸ˣп־ڵжԵġ
˧μ󽫾˧
ĶǫηŵĺܵͣƫƫлоӵĿ£ǳ嶯Ļ׶ԸԽ侲ˣҧ˵Ĺһĵնһ֣Ȼһɱġ
ţ൱ɣɾͣҲ츳ߵģȻλ֮λˡлЦ
󽫾ˡ˧
лǰļͷ˵ʵСǫˣӦлҪ̫ˣǿɲð
˧δ˵ʲôһ˧ҲԶŮվ
˲̫¶ͷģҿɲϣҵĶӷͷ̫ΣյģϾ˭󽫾һġŮӵĵ
⻰ڷл˵̫԰ڣâ¶ڻֻԭ
ԣû˿Ρ
лۿŮ˷̴棬Ϊ绹Ǻ˾ȵģҲʮսʼһǳ֣ŵͬż֮׵ƺȻǻ־ķˣ˧ĸס
һ̫ˡ
λлü֪ʣϾ˼ŮˣǾΪһ仰ֵĻױ˵խġ
Ůӵ˻ˡϹ£
лĵԭǻˣѹ˻ԼĶӣҲѹ֣˭ԼĶԼĻ³أ⣬⡣
ߣϹһл󽫾ֱԣʴ󽫾ǻյģͬ⣬ڣ󽫾νģҷ
ûСлЦеĵ
Ϲɫһ䣬ϵʱһۻܵ涼ˡ
ʵѷɫ־࣬ŻɢĽе֧֣Ҫʤһġ
лЦǺǵĿţһŮˣŮƵĻɲֵġ
ĸ󽫾ȻǷػ֮ǰġ˧æֹϹ£ֹ֡
Ϲſڵػ֮㡭
ĸף˧ȵ
ڵϹҲֻôסѾޱȣ·𻤶ӵĸʨӣҪлˣһѵ
лҲϬϹ£ĵ˵ʲô˽ŵĻ˵꣡
һεѹֱѹȥ
Һֱ̬ӾͺϹµľ棬侫Ѫ˼ɫҰ׵ĿлЩлȻҳ֣ӲŻǻصض֡
Ҷ֣Ϲ´ŭ
ҹȻػ֮󽫾Ϊ󽫾Ȩ͵شʲôˣˣɱ⣡лɷڵĶϹ£˷û˵ɣǾ뽫Ǿ仰˵ꡣ
Ϲɫ쳣ѿ
ûȻԼҵĵط
ֻ뵽ԼȴûվлĽǶȥ⣬һ˵أ͸о߸˵̬ȣλ˧Ϲ˲ͬʮ׵ľ룬˿лҲͬЩУȻ˵ı־ѹˡ
ҪΪɲô򵥵ģÿһоߣ˭Ⱦ֮߱˭Ϊġ
лҪ˿ġ
ҪƿػһҪΪԼЧҲſԵġ
Щ˱лĿ֮꣬ǰһУֻǴ˵ЩĿøԺЧġ
󽫾ĸ׷˵ػ֮Ҵ½ػȨˣκ˶Ҫѭġ˧Ͻ˵л£ƲĸΣգлҪɱĿˡ
Ϲº޺޵û˵
лҲ֪Ķ֣Ľ־Ƶ췴ˣǫΣյġ
ߣԺעԴǡлߵ
ſһǴʮ״ߣ΢΢һͷǱ
˱֣ʮսʸֿһٶ˧Ϲµɫøѿˡ
һ·Ǳס
лŸеĽеﵽҪ
壬ͬġ
ſģûжκս㿪ʼɿֲĽ壬дĴ
ܹǿ߽սÿһν涼𶯵ģﵽ൱߶ȣôڽսеƣҲʾлͻ־֣Ϊʲôܹ־ϢĻᣬٶȣǿȲܹӳġ
һĽ壬ȫù
ǻ潥ȼյлĿڱڣĺһĻ棬۾Ҳƺл棬ͷҲˡ
Ǵͷβĳ״
ﵽһ̶֮лûͷһͷܹһͨһսʴġ
ǰĵط
壬ͬһӶԪḶ́Ҫ֪Ϊģܹﵽʮ֮ͨȻͬʱҲаģоǷ˵ʶ֮лԪٶԶ״̬ʵĸ졣
лսĸо


1680  µİһ
ʱգתѶʮ졣
ڴڼ䣬ûʲôǱ۲죬ǲ룬ûǸʮսʣ߱е𣬿Ҳ޷ֽӽ֮ĵطлûܵӰ졣
ȻлҲЩĵġ
ҪʱʹĶͨעرϵǫˣҲǰĿޣδʲô鷳
ʮʱ䣬лΪҲ˳Ľ
ԭлڿռڿ£ոŽս۷弶ģһҪﵽŽսļǾ΢ǰһ㣬ǿʮսʵĵزˣлԣֻҪﵽʮսʾ磬һİԿһЩնɱδزܵġ
лϲĻǶʮػʥڴﵽ˴ɵĵزνػʥɣǾƤȵȣѾܹͨսʼǿͶˡ
Ҳ˵һսʼл赣ģϣҲЧȻҲҪʹ˵ʵˡ
оöػ֮ܵķνǴǿǰ־ļż֮һöػ֮Կ⣬ڵĻлžԿԵֿġ

һյĻл۾ƺҪġ
ϽеҲɢȥе𶼶Ҳ׷׵ļһʱ棬еĴڴ𣬸ϿգǳƣĶϺܶ˹עΪŵʱϡ
л۾ϴžžžĹ𣬻һ壬ӳճ˻ɫġ
ػʥɡ
ôһǰһ׶Ρ壡
лԼںϳİԼжǣǴﵽɽ׶ΣΪͨ۷ͷſԣʱﵽʲôزأ
ͨһѪܹıһﵽʺ缶ˣսʼĵز
塣
Ҫػʥ壬ҲǷǳѵģлҲҪѰ꣬ʱͻƵ׼ϾǸ񾳽ҪĻֵ֧ģǼ֮ɶҪģʥʥףʥˮ֮ģԣҲǿ԰ˡ
ǱлĿĿ·棬ҵҪͶ˵ʲô
лǱ
ػɣӵı̬Կ֮Ҳǰѡ
Ǳ֮󣬱ǿĵز
ܾǼ֮
лվһ˵ĸо·ּ֮ÿһָвͬȣĳ֮£ںһ𣬿ȥһƬˡ
֮ĸлҲоһ˿ܡ
ػʥɣ趯սɿܵġ
Ǳ
лҲʼĬеŶֵļ֮ߵΣʥ֮У൱Ļ֮ţǾ߱⼫֮Ļôսʮֹ
˶ļ֮лܲ
Ķˡ
ֻϧڻȻڻ־ҪõĻȵһҪǽ־⵹ȻٲЩߣܹΪеģһ൱ʱ䣬֮ܲ
лѾ⣬һҪˮԼʧδҲļռ硣
л
ǱУ־
лŤͷһֻʮҵĵطһ֮ĵĵط־ĵ㾯˹
ֻˣʲôٵˡ
ǵˡ
־лĵĿҲжϳ־յļֻ֮༫֮еµȵģЩ߼ļ֮൱Ĵƾлжϣǻ־յǸ߼֮Ļɾܴġ
һͲҳûɱ㣿־ɭɭĵ˿Լɭɱ
лЦģҲңӲܡ
˵־ɱʤ
ΪβᣬΪβңĲܡ־ĵ
㲻ᣬΪǻȻ֣ʥҪȫһȫ𣬻ûаģ㲻ңΪѡеˣΪڵرĴ˵㣬еҶɱ֣㲻ܣʵûǸҵ˺лƽĵ
־ϵļһ鴤л˵ʹš
Ȼ־ǲңϾѹл˵ɱǾԲŵģǲһеĶ֣ԿԽлɱģš
ߣ֪ˣƤӣһΪ⡣־
лʼ磬Ȼˣأܴء
־лûлԣ
ûоͲ־ܹŪǻͨ۷ͷĹǺĶ˧Ϊβл
־ɫٿȻһ䡣
ܹͣؼһؾǻͨ۷徳ͷĹǺҪá
һǺɢľܹı̫ˡ
лǰδ֣˧ͷһ̷֮ˣΪ˧ʱûȫںЩ
л˧ɱˡ
˲ձسɴ󻼣
ڵʥǿɲҪģ˫ǵˣֻǻû˺Ϊļʵ֧ߣ˧ȻеģǶ־֮öɱҡС
ΪƿߣȻа취ôлҲҪռǸǺľ𣿡־ЦЦĵһƵӡ
лЦд⡣
ƾҲ䣬⼫֮޷ԽȥȻҪռǺЦ־Ц
ǴΡлͬԴЦȡǺĻ¹
¹һڣ־һ㣬ϵļ֮Ȼĳ衣
ŭһʱҪ֡
ļ֮ոձ㴥Χ֮һӴ̼Щ֮𼤵ѹĻ־ȻѪļ֮ܵѹƵأ̷ڡ
л״ʾһ漴Ц
ЦֱӴ
ģҪЩԻ־п֮ˣʶԼҲǴѹڻ־ˡ
ЦĻ涼ҵķǺ治ʱ⼤ȥ𶫺˵ע⡣
Ҫ֪ǻڵĻ͵Ҳ𣬿ɲͨĻ棬һͷų൱µġ
˵֣ܵҼУлӵ̬
־ɫ÷ǳѿ
Źڼڿɺã¶⼫֮ڣܶü֮
ӵм֮𣬻־սֹܹлôü֮أлܹɵؽɱġ


1681  µİ
־ࡣ
ҪҪ֣ʵֻ̣޺޵Ķлȴ޿κΣָоûоģʵǱҪҪѪ̫ˣ̫ˬˡ
лǡǡ෴
Ц־ͬʱҲǸǽڿ޵Ϲ£˧һصľ棬޷
ǾĵϽһΣлƵ
־ıӶˡ
Ӧսһ֣ü֮ǰü֮Χļ֮ͻѹƣԾǰķݣǱ
ˣлЦûѵڳſڱҽѵ֮ûҶҲ̫֮˰ɡ
־˫ȭսҧ
Ծ͡
лֵˣҪһȭˣܽ䣬ҲҰ
л־
ͬˣлϲ
־Ҫݳ֣ܱܲɡ
ף
ʱ˧洫ף˵飬Ҫȥ븸׿ЩȥɣȻ£ܻӰػ֮İȫ⣬ǻǵġ
Ļʱ־սɡ
νĳµȻֻǽڡ
־Ҳɵӣ侲ݺݵĿһл󽫾ܹ峤ľлĻԸʹ󽫾ɷ̨һս
лԣЦã
־һ뿪⼫֮
ȥˣлҲˣʼǱͬҲڳǼ֮ѹȣػʥҲﵽܼˡ
أлսöػ֮Ҳֳ棬ؿռӺһҲӦ˳ҪЩ֮ʮףǼ֮Ŀֲͳ־յļ֮ࡣ
⻹Ǵڼ֮С
˵صļ֮лں׻פ·ļ֮ЩƣǳĿ¡
ּ֮Ҳֻеȡ
һּ֮ҲǺ׻岻֪˶ģоȻֵļ֮𣬴Ӹߵͣвͬʺϲͬεշġ
ôʲôܹ˶ļ֮ء
лȤҲǴ
ٶǱʮףﵽ֮ļޣʱлѾʹõֶȫóˣҲﵽ˼ޡ
ȻЩȣлѶһֶΡ
а顣
Ϊս־Ļɵ꣬аڻУͺˮһģһδεĺаǱչ״̬лѡ
лͷ֣аȻѾʮսʼ磬߲ͻţϲѡ
ϴаʮսʵĹؼʱ̣Ϊл⵽ܾսİ㣬ԴʧȥһλᣬлЩεģ˷ҵлʹ͸һľϲ
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ռлԵأлţ޷ʹ˵ȵġ
ѹа㴩Խͨлһ㼴̸о˻ľʱϲıֱӴлƮɳԴ״̬Ưڼ֮С
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Լʮ֮а¶һĨϲ֮ɫүҿԷǾˡ
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аֻս꣬ųΪһ˵ġ
ͷаȥҵҪźܴĲ࣬ƣѾʮս۷弶𾳽ˣΪҵǲƵģͻƵģڣȫһԼǲҵҲһٶ̵ʱﵽһ۷֮
ȷл
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ǻԣＫ֮֮࣬ôԽƵļ֮޵ʥǷأбǾͨ۷弶ͷĹǺǷҲʺаҪأȵⶼС
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ллүаصԽԽһŮˣǾ͸ѩɡ
лԴﵽҪ󣬿ǻԵģѩˮԵ꣬еųɡ
򵥰֣϶ܹںϵġа˵
󣬾ˮ˫Եġ
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л̾аǻ֮飬⼫֮ĵطԾǲκӰģĸӦһ£㷢֣ǻ־Ȼǽаͼ֮ںġ
㱣ϣǱǱ
ܿ㵽˼֮׵ĵط
֮֮ǾѾԽƿؼ޵ʥˣϱؼˡ
ʥǿݴϢǰͷУֻ˼һͷһùʥ𣬵Ѿ䣬ʥˣͷУ˵սеļ֮ģλͷҲûаս֮ɽףǵʧܣΪĻδаտƣʥ뿪ġ
ʥĻֻһִ˵ˡ
жڣҲû˵ȥգشȻȻյһ׵Ƥëе⣬ֻذչֳģǷ˴ﵽʮֻصĵزǿ߱ġ
ү¾ʥˡа˵
лʥ𣿡
аУһдɼʥܸӦĵЩʥĹؼһָϷļ֮𣬡Щеļֻ֮ҪĻʥ㲻ܵӰ죬ұʮּ֮ͳͳתƽռڡ
תƣл۾ֱŹ⡣
ٶּ֮𰡡
תƽռ磬ôʥ߰˿յģϾʥǵ˲൱ġ
ããҵĸǰл˷ܵص
аһЦүġ
⻰˵ܴ󰡡
лٺЦֽ׶ΣҲʺϣʮּ֮ɣȻռһǧ𣬽ʥЩԾȫװ
ţڱ㿪ʼжаЦ
ƮȻ뿪ǻ֡
ƾŸолͿа彫һļ֮׷׵£ڡ


1682  µİ
ʮּ֮һǧа׾ٵЩûз·аһ㣬аĵطǻ־˵ȣҪõϿɣҪʱ䣬Ҫõ֮ϼѵģа˵ȴǾ֮͡
ɵ
ͨͨ͵ڵıȻ󷢸ڿռڵĻԸǡ
ǺЩʥǵĻԸҲӭһδԾ
ڿռڣǵǲôӰģʧȥµƵѹȣѾһЩ壬ʥľ壬ʥˮ壬׻ȵʮս۷弶ǿ߿ʼλˡ
һжлδ翹ʱ
ʱ䣬ȱٵľʱ䡣
лͬΪԼȡʱ䣬ΪԼģǰ󲻹ӣа˳İ顣
ͨٶȳаү̹Ҹ㣬Ѿﵽ˻ĵزǿԵĻҪӷȡһ׵ıԴ֮͸Ļ֣ؿأո˽ȥġ
ţ֪ˡлͷ
ҪӷõһױԴ֮𣬿ɲô׵ģյͼϡ٣ܹˣͳȥһЩյҪ½ˣǶԷĴ
лҪӳ飬¼
̹ﻹ˵ʥھʱŬѾҳǧ˰ʮڼ飬гǧһʮˣʣµһǧ˶Ѿ½ڲᣬר˿ܣУƵϹŴĳϼʮˣ˼ӣܹ漰ʥǸ߲ĲˣкĲģδڳһˣү˵ǸصͷҲδص̫Ǹǿڳ˯ҪռаżĻֶͨνáаת̵ԭ
ʥڼ飬л֪Ͼ룬Ӳ壬ݬģû뵽Ȼ˶ڼ飬ʮϼڼ飬ϼǿ׼߲ˣܹӽһЩʥǵˣ߲㣬νĸ߲㣬ʥڣǾǸĺĲ㣬ܹǢʥһܵġ
л֮ҲЩҡ
ڳЩڼˣԺʥҲ̫ĹˣֻͷĴȻδ⵽ло˵Ĳ򵥣ڳϣͱʮİյġ
ǾͿ˭ɡ
Ϣлʵ
Са˵\ԨʥǹϵѾع⣬ɽжƽаʥغ͹֧ɽļ󣬼֮£ɽʥ˵ˣбǣѪĻأѾ˳֣֣һػп˵аżѾ¹رգȫƿأѡҳ֮ˣ츳˽аż
лĵͷ
һжɵĽţҲ԰ĵĸԼˡ
˽һٴǱ
ʱҪԽеļ֮Ŀǻײλãʥˡ
ʥ𵽵жǿлŸܵŲаĻֱһӴ棬бճɻҽļлʵӵޣ޷Ƶġ
濴ȥЩʥ·ͨĻһ㣬֮ġ
ʥҲ࣬лĿ۲⣬ֻиԲʮ׵ķΧڰɣһʥġ
үҪСģʥɲ򵥣ΧĲֵûʲôĵĲֿǴɵʥ֮ǿһЩɽ濾˲½һǧסаѵ
л죬Ҳ̫ˡ
˿µʥܹƿصĻΪڴﵽͨ۷ͷĻܹݺ޵еġ
մʥĻ᣿лʵ
Ҳ˵аү֪ܹ֮ܲףпܴﵽԽʥףΪ֮׵ĵز㱾źܴĹҪǣʵѪŰǻˣܾ߱ʥ׵ģͨ۷弶ľͷҲѵģϾʿǽӽҪͻͨ۷弶ľͷˡ
Լлһлܴʵ׽׳ɹĿҲֻһˡ
оõİİ˵ףû֪Ǵͷ⡣
ʽ˷ֻذ˵Ѫۣ߱ᣬҲմʥ׵Ļѣ׽Ƿܹ˳ɣδ֪ء
жٰգлʵ
ĳİգܹʥĴĹǺԴΪĻҾа˳ļʡа˵Ȼܴﵽͨ۷ͷĻǿ϶ǰٷ֮ٵĻᡣ
лЦҶģ
аŬġʥĵλãһɨͿһɵĵصʥҲ΢΢Ĳһɢȥ
ۣлϸ
뿴浽ʲô
ĵĴɾʥ𻺻سֳһ߹壬߹š
ͨ徧Ө󣬺һģɢŵʥâıһš
߹Ӧʱ䣬ͱãǰͨ۷ͷʥĴѾﵽ˼ޣмĴпܳԽͷĵزа˵
л꣬ս֮ǰʱͨ켶ڣǱɱɡ
Ͼﵽͨ۷ͷľ磬ֻҪһζߣ޷ģԸɱǸĸ֡
ţ˿ںλãĹôѾָˣ⸱滹һЩȱ꣬ӦǰҿԽҵͬԴﵽǳĵزаϲĵ
ٴɡлޣͨ۷ͷĳǿҲ޷ҵɡ
аЦǿ϶뵽˾ȻҾҲ׶ֵģϾɼʥһĻҲΣġ
лͷҾͷˣڴ˰ﵽ߾ʱٳɡ
סаصͷ
л룬ǾҪ㹻İ֣սֶԿ˼ͷ֣Զͨ߱Խͨ۷ͷƹӵصıս죬ͷħ֪ͷʥҪǵļз棬Ҫͷĸ֣ҲҪϵģлųأ
а߱һ̵ܹʱڳһϾ磬Ȼϣڴ˿޵ģǴ˵رȿռʺͬıܺͰȫ
лаʥ֮ڣʼǹǺںϣҲӿһԵļ
԰һδͷḶ́˼ġ
ûдаȻ뿪ˡ
ʥɲܹܵġ
лҪߣаðˣүߡ


1683  һ
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а΢΢һЦһӶͿʥ֮һ˵ɢˣа֮ϣţ˸ŵʥĹΡ
ǣлɻĵ
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лһ漴ҡͷУŰɣʥеĹǺȻһģǱʹãǶҪȱݵġ
ҡҡͷаЦү֪߹ǺͬһģȻǱɱģǰӦҲɱľͷ˳صĴˣԲŻйǺɱλȻֺϵļ˵ˣµ˵֫壬ֲĹǺЩǵ֫峹ױɢ֮ǰ㿴Ǹ֮˧õĹǺֻһЩɰˣľүõЩʱȻﵽɱ䣬ɽ׵ŷǳİ
а˵лҲٿ
˹Ǻ
˵Ĺһɱ䣬˵ˬ涼ЩǻԵ˵õȻԾʹһʵõ֮Ͽɡ
ȻҲлػʥźܴİ
аûֿͣʼ˫ְڶεεʥ𾫻оۼ۳һĹΡ
үʥ𾫻̺зһֻذ壬׽׳ɹʵġа˵
лԴҲǺòԥ¡
ʥ֮࣬ȡһ㾫ûʲô˵ŶԳԽ֮ʶл˽⵽Ҫ׳ɹԶûô򵥣ԭֻΪ׽ˣֻҪʱ䵽ˣȻɽףڲ֪ôһ£ǰ֮ǰ½׳ɹļʲٷ֮һ
ҪϵŬȡ㹻ܹ׽׳ɹļʡ
ȻĻµͷǿջϲһġ
һֻذ׽׵ж󣿡лʵ
ǳ󣡡а˵ڿռڵһЩо֣Ҫף·һǼ֮һʥҪﵽֻ֮Ҫ㹻ԣҪΪʥǳѣǼ֮ڽΨеõһֻذлɹģǺǰӦնɱپŴֻصķˣֻذ壬ԲŻᵮ˶ʥ𡣡
лзһֻذ֧֣ľһ˵һ壬֮ǰںɳڣͨˮԶͨǢʱ򣬱Զ֪ͨĶȡ׵ľԶͨŲʷϣôǽ׵ľȻõһֻذ֧֣Ҳܳɾˡ
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ҲֻͣѰչ׳гһգʵ㹻ܹǱѩޣǲڽ£ͷ֮ޡ
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лҲģڿʼԲٴаˣߵľٳ
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ػʥɣõǺʥ𾫻׽׵ĳɹʣЩǶʱֳܹģʱ䵽ˣŻֳǵãлѸٳɳĹؼǹǺıлʣܹлٶȼӿ౶ġ
лԵһʱ䣬ƾаӦ֣аѾǾ߹ںϣҵõ˹ǺڲһЩ֮꣬󣬵õ˹ǺһȱϢǺǰһ֮Ůոͻƿͨ۷ͷΪնɱһֻصĶΪŲʷһͷкġ
ʥΧԽ֮л»عż֮׵ٶȿһЩˡ
ол־
λڵ𣿡лЦеĵ
־лʥΧڣ
Ļһڣһ־һЩԹĸ֣۷ŹĿл
ڸҡлĵĶ֮ͨ£Ȼ֪־ûиٵġ
־Ҳֻڼ֮ûﵽĵط㱻ֹˣ޷ǲ²ˣлҲûϹ²ȥɡ
ԽǸ㲻ԽǸظС
٣㻹ûñٵʸ񡣡־ĵ
лʼ磬һ£Ǿȸˡ
˵꣬ҲǷ񵽴ʥ򣬱Ϸȥܿ㵽ǻһλá
߳лŷ֣Ѿҹʱ֡
ʮĿޣһֱǻУЩģлعԼķڡ
ͬġ
˵Ĺϵ֪ҲûбҪȥ޵ʲô
﷿ڣл㿴ԾǺԨʥˮߣڳ˽սʵĹؼʱڣҪأٻҪʱ䡣
лҲΪˡ
˽սʣǾζԺҲԶһˣҪ½ػ߳Ϊػ֮ʵǹؼ
ҲʩչĶͨȥǫ
Ķͨ򿪣ǫͬڳ磬ǫǾŽսʵľ磬лԵͷǫǱ
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ϾǹлǺܴΣ˭Ҳ֪Ƿʥʹء
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лܿɽ¡
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ѹɽ岻رˣֻڴ˹Уô࣬Щڱչͻƣʶһлڼš
лĵһʱ˽Ǣˡ
Ȼ峤³ӭӣͬеĻһϣ˰˽սϵǿߣѹɽ߱չͻ֮ء
л٣룬ɽϵס峤³ָǰһŵķ˵
ǷмλãһǱ
л֮䣬ҲǸоһ˿޵ѹ·εɽڲݳġ
ѹǳǿѹĻܹӳȥڳǶѹ֮¡
ǲ
յл͸еһ͸ĮĿⶢԼŤͷȥ־Ȼһֻʮ˾һսʡ
ʮ˾һսʣлԸ̾Ϲǿ̫ˡ
ǿ
лӵ
峤³ںȳ⣬Ҳӵ̬ƺԾ
лֹЦҾлƺҺܲӰ
ҵȻ㲻ĵлʲôΪʲôҪΪУͬĺڡ
񣡡峤³Բɴŭ
ӷ˵ʵΪʲôǲҵĻѵǺлȺҪǿٲͻˡ
ž
峤³ŭ̧һƳ˹ȥķѪˤȥ
ңҲҪ˵лǸùҪ군ˣףѰɡ
лɫ΢䣬˾Ȼ峤³Ķӡ


1684  
һ峤ĶӾȻ˷лôģлٲһ
Ͼлǳصġ
ϣѷѺڸģų峤³е޹⣬˵ʥǣǴδʲôлһֱڰǣβеѿء
ҵľȻԼĶӡ
лˣҲĹԭ򡣡

̾һ峤³л˵һûȷԭ֮ǰ㲻˵Ҳֻе㻳ɣھ飬еأΪսʵģѾʼ仯ˣ˵ҶɣԭǺ޺øеģأҲˣ仯֮ЩŰ
Ҳ֣Ȼ𣿡лɻĵ
лٿܲ⺣ĺ޶зǳͱ粻ǰ飬Ѫ֮Χ˼綥һսʵҪһЩһħޣͷų츳ӲѹǵĶ޷ʩչû峤˲óֽ⡣峤³˵һɣһĺ츳ʩչġ
⺣޵Ļ϶ܹ࣬ɱĻԺͳ׽Σˡл
峤³ħޣӦ÷ǳϡٵģˣͱ˷ˣֻҪ̫ˣ޷ҵǵص㣬β
սµ緽֮Ȼޱ䣬ȥԽԽ˿ܱƵġ
ȷһǳ鷳
һóһǹصлʵ
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лٲ֪壬壬ӡԼԷо֣ǵʱӡİ˴壬ǳʧȥƷӡӳٵڲƹضĹؼȴǷǷӡǣҲǵԵʣǲػɵģӷӡ߳ġ峤³˵ǽ¸֪˹Ž壬˵ģ
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˷ٵɽۣ;лҲе˶ۼһʹöصĸֶΣҶлһЩרŸĶˣǵıֿԾܵһЩӰġ
ܹ͸ʾĲͬ
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лԭľ˷·ڣΪɽһӣȺǿ
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ͺǸտʼֻһɵ𲽵ļӴ
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ԽԽ죬ѹԽԽ
ûӣ峤³Ѿʼֿǹѹˣɫ쳣أҲ˹ֿ
лػʥɣѹԣеޣ΢һ㣬һоûеġ
˼״ҲǰԾɡ
߷ӹȥˡ
Ѿ쳹ɽɽ΢΢ĲлɽΧƺһεˣûдȥֻɽڻصš
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ոմǸΪµļ֮ʥѹ߳ὫѹϣػʥҲֳѪҺƺܵĳָһ㣬ʼ٣սҲܵӰƵĲ
ѪҺټӿ죬㼱ڡ
ѪҺٴﵽлǳܵʱڴŵѪƺܵһĴ̼һӱѪԭ̼ܵѪҺȶ
лվĶͨҲȫʩչ
֣˶ɵһȻ˭Ҳû뵽лȻܹѹѪҺӰ졣
лл١峤³ѾǷǳѵصֿˣɽ۵ѹǿʮս۷弶Ҳ޷ɵֿġ
û¡л˳˫Ӱ죬һһӣöػֳܸ֮˱
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˿ڣлһʧǵС

˲Ϣǧ׵ľ룬лԴĵطȥٶȴﵽ۷壬һӱ׷ȥ
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ԭйɵĹȻӿ죬ƵʼӴԴƺӦлĵٵķ۳εлѹȹȥ
лɵЦһҺֱ̬Ӻɱȥ


1685  ͻ֮Сһ
֪ϸƣһûģܹԸ壬лɲΪͨɫŽƺѾ峹£Ӳӣһ֣ǿֶΡ
Һ̬лĲٿ֮£Ծ籩̬ɨȥ
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ͬģɽϵ춯Ҳ֮
˶ָɣѸٵĻ峤³󵱻ϣͬǿֱӳɽɽڣǵĿνɽı󵰣ΪǺǲǹؼ
ܵǿ찡лվΣĶͨٶȻԾ
ȴûʲôûС
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лüͷ壬ѵˣⲻܣǰٶȣڵµĻʵͳԽλˣûбҪҵģҪûܵĻΪʲôѵʹҲԣܸӦĵŶԡ
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Ѫޱɱˣǣǿô죬Ժûа취ڰȥ𣿡˵
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˵ѹս峤˲úԭһļʻʤô졣
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л٣ˡ˿лɵþϲ
лЦλû°ɡ
лл٣ǿ¾ҪΪ˵ūˣŽǰıˡ峤³мĵ
峤ǸʲôȻʥǵһӣҵȻҪˡлЦ
峤³صͷ
˴лİ˵ǿǳشģл˵
֪лֿܹѹѪҺ仯ģһʵɻһֻſ𾳽Ķ޷ܣлȻӰ졣
лЦﵽһĽ׶Σƾҵ壬սϵĸʹսʼ˵ҵģǵѹЧġ
鲻Խĵ
ѪҺĻһʴѪл͵
峤³̾ҲΨϡܹԿˡ
лЦ˵ЩˣǿЩ󵰰ɡ


1686  ͻ֮С
ɽǺܶ࣬ĴҲʮңĶѾˣǱľҲȵʹãѾĵĲ࣬ȻЩɽڵѹԴؼڣҲǴ߶󷨵Ĺؼ
վڱǰлϢ
ƺһʵƿߣаеơ
ʲôλһĸϵлʵ
峤³󣬵ħħ˼͵ħ壬˴˼൱ƿ֮УħǵħħƣȽ⣬һģаӥԺаӥƿУӥһֱ죬ͼӥ׳󣬷ֳһԵ˵֮Ҿɣܺӥй
ӥ壿
лȻǺϤʦĹϵƺУӥйĻôǷ˵ʦпӵӥϵأӥҲܾɽš
Ⲣûпܵġ
ֻлĸоϢȷаϢӥƺЩġ
аӥǷйлʵ
峤³ȻлΪ˻дʣ
лайӴҲɱаĸ֣ӥҲйӴɱҲ٣ɱһӥҪѪӥñʦˣҶʶҶ϶Ϣаģӥġ
ôᣬаѪо޷ӥȵģǹħѪоǲ༫ġ峤³󲻽
ֵĵطлɻĵ
峤³лٸоĻĿܾӥаѾж֪Ϊħ壬Ƿģĳͻ˵ʹ壬壬׼ҺͷĴǿŵ͵ģԴһʲô飬ȻԵģô֡
лΪ˹ͬ棡
ʲô棿ͼư˼磿ⲻܵģҲ峤³
ǻûǸǵĹͬǡʦл˵Ԥ⵽ˣʦڶ棬ôȻҪΪݻӶõʦİԤаһЩ
˶˵ͷ
ܹжԼֵĿҲֻʦˡ
аƿһ壬ôӥҲȻһפţʦ֣Ȼŵġ
һפأл
ڳÿһطǱģһǿ壬ǿûʸġ
аʮأǾһפء峤³˵
Ͷˣһ壡лЦ
峤³лһ嶯֣
лʱûУֻǴʱȥ䡣
ǾͺãǱƲѣǲҪ׶ֵĺãһͷߵķǳǻԵģһЩİһһ嶯֣ܿķ峤³˵
Ҫ֣ȻһĿ
ͷ
ֻܹ壬˫Ҳл̾һĺܶýύһЩˡ
лֹѾ˼Ҫһ뷨ˣܹȷаͷӥһפڣôʦҲֵġ
ʦлڱɱ֮˵ĵһ
л٣ٹգҪ峤˲þˣڴɣЩı󵰴߶ѹ󷨣Ǻܴġ峤³˵
л΢һ룬Ӧ
ڻǲֻػʥɣҪ壬ԵļϲſԣȻЧҲԵġ
ѹǿ㡣
Ϊ˰ȫлнǫӳ˻Ҳһɽ
ɽһֻſ𾳽ڼĸ֣Ƿ壬ҵģ԰
ǫУлֱʹؿռӺһ´ģҲǷǳ鷳
һ׵лſʼġ
߶󷨡
ۻѹǷųɽ۵ʱѹлӰ죬ɵĵصͲͬˣΪı󵰣µԪҲ쳣ŨأЧҲѵġ
ʱת۹ȥ
ɷ̨ӵˡ
лҲֹͣվûн˻ͻƽʮսʣѾͻ֮У·ʱ̤ʮսʵľ硣
䣬ǫҲˡ
һ˽սʣһﵽŽսʣʵ൱ǿ
ͻ֮УлͻƵʱ΢չأͻͻƵģȴͻ֮УӲǱչؽʮ춼ûͻƣÿγͬһȭڿϣʹ
ʮսʱϾôͻƵġ
лҲһʱյ񵺵ʱʵҲ˳ĳֻǾͲһˡ
峤˲õһսͻƵ
һ磬л˱λƵֱɷ̨ͬǫ³֡
ɷ̨ǷģΪһЩжԹĴԹֶΣλڶ񵺵Լʮ׵ĸ߶ȣɷ̨Ӳʯɵģżӹ̼͵󷨣ֿܹʮս۷弶ȫһսʱ򣬻Ὺֹ֣й
һ˻δص㣬Ϳɷ̨ΧѾľۼ֮ˣ֮ڡ
ɷ̨ظʮңڿзŵĸֶܹˣ̫ˡ
ɷ̨ܣҲһЩΣɷ̨ЩƵĺضʮ׵ײȵģûȦӱ˽룬ȻΧһЩλҲû˵λá
лʱԶԶر㿴һ峤дһִһ𣬻бѩѦ׳ɵˣʲôŽ壬ʥȵȾе
֡
δǰ
л˱ھһ巽治ԶĵطǸո׷ˮϦҲˣ˶ûˣԼģһϣϾػ֮
˴˴к㲻˵ʲô
ûãһȺһĸ֣Ƶһ㣬ƺƵıɷ̨ǰ
ڻ־棬ǰ
Ǳڻڲݾţ±ԻһûһҲ֮С
Ϊҵطģ˭Ȼֱɷ̨ĵĵطˣһ˵ֱлˡ


1687  񵶳ʣһ
ľٶʹÿֵ˶ɴ۾һԼѩѦ׳ɵڴ뿴лѿҲҪлھ֮ǰ޷ƽľôֲεĸִսУһؾͿܱɱġ
ͻľٶûлһ˿ĸо
ľֹˮ·ǿһ㣬ȤĴ¡
ǰмʮ֮࣬а˵ʢи˵ĸоǰƺȻһ㣬弼ܵĸֻ֣ܹɡ
ǿ
ʱμػ֮ϵĹúܵλģҲһ
֪Ҫʲô䵭ĵʦڵν
ػ֮ҲȲѵġ˵ȴ¶һĨЦ⣬뻤󽫾һ֮Ҫһػ֮Դˡ
Χ۵˶ס˺
лľѾǴĺ˵˵Ǹһָ𺳺ʵĸо
Ȼʱȵ󽫾峤ܽΣҪ˼Ҿ޲սʱʲôأ֪ܲҲǶֳάлһ档
⻰˵ĺİܱȲʱġ
лȾһĻº˶Ļʲôл峤˲ãǿ˶֪ųֲĸ֡
һĨɱ
ĵ뻤󽫾ľҲΪ˴½ػߵδػ֮ǵĻ󽫾Ҳȡģػ֮
ȡǺˣʥ֮Ȼ㵨ûУ˼һЦ
ǣûӵثֲŻô
Ļһ䣬һ峤кͱѩ峤Ѧ׳ɱĽỵ̂ȻҲϣġ
ٶü˫Ŀէ֡
󽫾׷
лһЦ𣬴ЦС˼ȱ󽫾ľ֮һս󽫾Ѿ׼ұ󽫾ˣ֮սҪһͷͺ峤һսһԸó֮ͷһ֪ǷܹѩıѩͷأȻˣòҲν˭Զû˼峤ôǿأѩɲô
һС֮ģһбó֮Ϊ˴ξĲͷŽѩƽҪóʲôѩͷġ
Ҫ֪ѩʵǰɲġ
һлҪ󣬱ѩǲأĻѩԺμˣƱҪġ
Ļ÷׷ˮϦɵöĴָ̫ˡ
һӴѹ
ߣ˵̫ˣֻ֮óӰˣлܵס峤һ⡣һĵǿԸԼ𣬿뵽ó֮ͷʱӣлȵľͺ޵
ǱѩѦ׳ͣǵѩΪͷ
󽫾ҪǲӦսĻα˼ұѩ˵£ԼˣҲġ
лĵһսڱУκ˶޷Ҳ˵ףûѩҪֱ˵α˶ѿ࣬˷ҵĭӣ֮
˵꣬Լλһٴӡ
ͬҲڱͱѩ
һ̬õñѩóѩǺûӣٱ峤˲żز࣬ô˼Һ˲õսл£һ̬ľл
ʹɵÿ˱ѩ峤Ѧ׳ɡ
ѩѾһλرѩܾǵҪˡǱѩ峤Ѧ׳ɼæڡ
ɫ΢䡣
ȷģʵԷڰ˼Ҹûӽ㣬ǶĲΡл
ɨһ۱ѩˡ
ѩ峤Ѧ׳һ࣬ºˣµˣɵúڷŸ죬⼤ŭлء
Ҫл޷ȶľսȻлذɣ峤˲һɱǲڴġ
лҲ֪ľʼֹˮ㡣
ߣ
ڴֳÿ˵ĶУһСװ㣬˵Ŀȥ
󽫾ڴڱ߹ʮУ㱾ˡȻ

лԣЦȻȻһ٣صɣ
԰գ죬ۣ˯һ㡣
ȫҲ֮һƬУ˭Ҳû뵽лȻ˾ٶžǺȻЦ
ǵ˵ЦǾȤˡ
ЦУͷ·𱻳Цһ㣬޵ĳǸܿھлλòԶĵط
ûã½½һЩϵĶﵽ
Ƿ񹬷ҲֻطԳġ
Ϊ䣬ȻҪΪ˼ļƣֻֻطлŽ˵ȥĻջȥûжԴǰĸ߰ҲûǰĸߵֻǰڿһȦˡ
лɨһֻطˣҲû
ڶǷ׷׵ȥݼ˵Цţ·׽ӡ
ϡ
ʱһ˻쳹ʡ
ŨһԪҵķһŵԪ۶ɵŨ෭ȥ
˳浹ǹģΪеȽ⣬һﵽһ̶ȣ˵ľ磬ΪȻʮսʾ磬ÿһԪǣһҲٶȲŻĽġ
һ˻ԪͻܵȾԶɢ
׿ȥ
ֻһһһʡ
峤˲쳣˫չȶһλ裬ԪǺƽǧ׵ľ롣
лŵ۾
ˡ
ֱӷɷ̨棬峤˲õĵҲҪ⿪˫ĶԹˡ
ӾɱҲԴ˼ķ߿ģϾ˵ɱǵˣһ衣
峤˲شӸ߿ս
ԡ
Ҳʼʱ˶һǾΪսߵ峤˲þȻһǰģδһǰѵ˵Ѿ϶ǵ峤ʤɣҲ̫һɡ


1688  񵶳ʣ
ǰԳʲô
ţ
Ƕ峤ԵţҲǶлӣлܹ峤ʲôвģ̬ԣ˵˵ľûʲô˲Ųġ
лľֵĺܺá
û˿ĶŭϾɱ˺Ӿʱ򣬾ǰľٶ裬񷴹ҲԤ֮Уֻ˾ЩȰˣǾЩء
峤˲ùǰ̬˷ܵķһˡ
֮׹˭һս֮оģ˲Խģ֮Լġ
˻
һ˻
ֻطڿն˫չգ·Ҫɷ̨ڵˣϸǻȼգѹƵ
лǺȤ
лûֻطˣֻڵĽȭ״ϣϵսҲҺ̬Ҳӿ
峤˲ãлɲ˿⡣
ֻǣ峤˲ҲɫȻĿûֻطˣĽժظš
ֻطƺҲ⣬ڵ峤л˾˼Ķ˲ţǶԿϣܹ㵽ΪֹҪǰˡ
࣡ˣ
峤˲زŪңĵ赣ģлһսֻǽ֮һСԹˣһ֮£ȻԴǶԹʹ˽⿪һ޷סֻԹԼˡ
һʤ
Ȼ˲ö˵ˣֻطҲٶԣعԼλá
лȻĿ˲ã峤ôţܹһң
ûš˲õ
һڣһ峤бԼĿˮǺ
ûţ
ûֻһһ֮ǷҪһ壬ϾأеĽ
лҲеȻ
峤ʲô׽͸ǲ⡣
˲˵ΪһɱӾǱ峤֧ΪӾлһ۴˼Σ֮ĶԹһʹ˵Żóһ֧Ӳӵ֮£˸ŶĿĹ⺮˼ഫģÿһһ˲ʸһһ˱ǺӾӾ峤Դ˼Ϊһս

Ψһ˷ʹõ˵вɼжɵ˵˼һͻʢκ޷ܡ
벻ÿһһ˷ִƵȻϲˣлɱĺӾһˣл군ˣѹ˼Һ峤˵ʲôֻһһͲʲôܹ赲ģʮս۷弶ǿ߶δܹģлսذɵģ
˷
ֻط˶ŵ
˭֪Ŀ£˵ǰΣ峤˲ɱʮս۷弶ɱһ޵Ļ񹭵ǼĹͣôܹ˲УȻһ
ֻط˻֪廹һЩصǣ嶼֪ء
ĵһ峤ɼģܹɼ𣬱˵һ峤峤ֶδǸ֮ԳɹΪֻط뿪򣬻عرҪݾŲʷ˵Ҫ󣬲ɼģĿȻҪһЩعرõģֻط˽⽻սǶ˾ŲʷеŲŽȵصġ
ֻطΪ˸ˣ΢ָһЩȥɼʱȴһ峤ȵǣѾˡ
ڿǼžŲġ
ֲܹ֮ȫӳ˵ɱͨ켶ǿߣǾԿԵģֻʮսʾ磬ٷ֮һ޷ӳء
ˣĶлɻûʮսأ峤˲ʮս۷弶ǿߣ񹭵Ŀֲܹӳӽʮ֮һɣǾλĸҲһɱģ޷赲ġ
λ⣬ÿһ˸ոճ֮ԶǰȥһѡУΪһˣҪʹΨдﵽʮսʼʸҲÿһΨһ˿Ӧãÿξǰʱ䣬Ӿ겻ʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ġ峤˲õ˵
л֪Ĳ࣬Ҳ˵
֮£Ǽġ
峤յͬǹе
⹭ϣǵµģһʧɫģлƽĺ΢΢Ĳһ¡
л״û˰ա
˲ʩչ¾ǿֻطˣġ
ȻˣǾҺͺӾսһɣлó񵶣߶սȫ汬
ĺƽȣÿһκ֮ϢɢȥһЩȻһϢһ
ݡ
л֪һ̫£һֱǴ㶯ǿͬһʱ䣬Һ̬Ҳȫ׼ǿɱУͬһʱӦó
峤ֻط˺ȵ
Ҳ񹭵Ŀ£л޷סһģ̫ˡ
ˣ峤飬㻹Ȩʡ峤˲ߵս峤Ӿ
Ҳ˴ŵĻᣬֱӽ档
ϣ̷һԽ춯
ǧɱ¾սһ㣬֮󣬾޷Ƶս⣬ǿֻط˺Ϊ֮ȻǾȻҲЩ޷ԼľѾѪˡ
лһĤݣһӿ֮ڡ
һʱ䣬һĨ쵶ֱ͸
·̼ܵһ㣬ло񵶾ȻԶȥļлɵͷһϲ
񵶳ʣѹ磡
˵ǿĿֲлţǰȻҪѷɫһЩġ
л̴߶ԼͳͳĳڣǶ˱ս뺣ʹ񵶹âʢ
һ˿Եĸо
ڻ̼ܵ񵶣ԭлεʱ򣬺ƱһţлȻоǹˣҲ˵һ̣лܹ񵶰γˡ
ݵҲѸٵĽ֮С
лһ񵶺ǰץŵʣץס񵶵ĶڸˡҪεʣ
һ˲䣬ȫȻ
˭֪лͷҪֻлʼԱ˲ε˲֪лʵ޷γ񵶵ģѵ˵ܹγ
˵Ż˵ġ
ɲлľٶѾһڴԭĽŵҪҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
Ҫʣ


1689  
лѪˣԴӵһֱߣҶ϶Ѿûκ谭ĿԳʣ֮ˣԭ񹭵Ĵ䣬ƺѾ̼񵶡
лϲ֮࣬ҲЩ
𾪵񹭺
Ǻεȼܹɨһеͨ񵶣ܹвıлУֻͨǶѾʧˣ񹭺
񹭴䣬Ȼܹ񵶽ԱлɰγĵزҲԳ񹭵Ŀ¡
ģܹγ˰ɡһ峤б˷ܵĲгһлĶʱһֱȵ׵ĸо
һ񵶳ʣɲΪܹΡ
ҿҲӰˡѩ峤Ѧ׳Ʋܰγ񵶣ͻ־һսô𣬶ҷ˵ˣҪγ񵶣Ҳͨλȼſԣǳ綼ԣôγǻ˵ġ
ҿҲǡ˵ﻹе㵣ģϾغ֮Ĺɿֻطˣڴõһ𰸡
ֻطضս˼
⣬ֻطףһĿܱ̼񵶻ʣҲֻһļʰˣ񵶲ʣлһ֮±ɵģԲġ
ֻطѾ˲ϧ۳ֵ׼
ƫƫл֮仹עУȴҪϧðΣȥֻط˸еܱ
ķӦһ
лȴϾȥעһ˼Ķ峤˲ãҲڣ·ؼһ֣֮٣εѹ˶еϢ͸
ĿԣĽ
ž
лս񵶵Ѿȥʹڵڹâʢ͸ʶǷԲǧ׵ķΧڣǵŵƸһ㣬ʱڿԾһ㡣
ֲܡ
ս߶һε㸡лΧҷ޷ԶȫĵȻ˳ɱһ
ˢ
峤˲һ½״̬
񹭱˸ƺ޾ţͬ˷ת֮Ƶء
񹭵İڡ
õļӳִ߶ҲųԽԽ貵Ľ⣬·𴿽һ㣬Ŀ
ϡ
˫ͬԪҵķ
ܵǣɷ̨һĹ֣Уǿನˡ
˶ס˺
ȴǿһڴ񵶵ĳʡ
ʱһ̣ƾֹˡ
лĺȴûɵһζֳĵģ̣ŮӰһӹһлΪУľ¹ֹˮƽӳһС
㱼䣬лһ۱о
νľﵽһ󣬱ڵлǲ۾ȥ磬ĺҲͬһ۾㣬һУС
лﵽľ֮һα仯
Ҫ峤˲ôѹ¡
лر۾һ˿Ц⣬ͨǳĺӳճһУһЩ˵̬һĸоͺһĻУܹĲ׽жԼĶУܸоֻط˴ĶУԼǫĵģĵǵȵȡ
˵ȸоľ֮һεı֡
ȻǴﵽ۵ĵزлҪƾȥоԷĺûɲô򵥵ģҪҲﵽһҪ󣬱УѦ׳ɵ˶Ͼʱ
лı֣Ψֻطˣ峤˲õףлľһ̨ףԴԺ󣬾ǿİţѴľˣﵽĵزľﵽ˵زоͻøҲµĵˡ
ˡ
ʱ򣬺˲ɿ˹ҡ
𶯣ȥ
һĨӲӵĹâ˲䱬ǷԲǧͬڶյһ㣬˶޷۾ֻܿһƬ⡣
է֣Ǻųܹסʮս۷弶Ĺֵ飬ȴûκɢ
ⲻɵڶϴһʱ˾ѡ
ֻһͣǾ̺ŵѾԽʮսʵĵز𾳽Ψ˿ֲܹҪɢбġ
εֵ
ûܹʵΪɢ˫ĿǿֻطˣڵסߣǾͫҲֻܿʮԶĵطɷ̨޷ó
елǡǡ෴
ͨȥĺгֳı壬ɢĽɫâԶʧӰ١
һ㱬
֮Ѿﵽл֪ٶȼޣƿռռ֣˲һ㣬һл޷ӦıҪγ񵶣һ񵶱һ谭ľҪʡ
ˢ
л΢񵶱뵶ʼ׵ĳȣҲֻôһ˲ϢĹȻĿֱָ񵶡
ۿҪ񵶣лҲ߶˶㡣
ʱȻͣ
ҲǴԼ׵ľ룬ֹͣǰҲûе棬ǿƯţԾų貵Ĺ⻪
лƵʱһ˿ид
о
лľﵽ۵ĵزи񣬴ʱǴ۷״̬ɣȻиС
ţͿ渡һӰ
лһǺȻӾӰȻյģҶ¶һĨЦ⡣
͵лΪԼ۵ʱһ˿΢겨֮Ӿʧˣ渡ּ֡賿ɽ
â
лʶģ񵶹ʣץסһƲлѸٵлУݳһЩϢ
ǲлǺӾģĺӾ粻ʮսʼʼģڱ֮󣬱һ˿л棬䱾һﵽʮսʼʲôطԶȥӾУͬĺӾǰһУҲᱻƲл괫ݸ˿ġ
ʲôΪʲôлץһʱЩʵͼо賿ɽʲôĿأҪɱԼĻûбҪô鷳εĹƽһᣬûôеĽԼǸʲô
лĿ
ԺӾһƲл꽫һЩϢ֮󣬱ɢˣԴ˺ӾҲˡ
֮峤˲ãͼǳ޵һͷȻһϣлԹʹһʹ
䲻⣬лҲ֪Ӧþͻ֪𰸵ģֽ׸峤˲á
ӹ˲ô߶ﳤȥ
ֻһƬ㵵ݡ


1690  ֮
һ֣Ҫʣлľﵽ۵زһжԤʾţһɴͺһֱȥĿս˭Ҳû뵽ȻϷ绯һĻ
ʼգǿֻطˣ˭Ҳû浽׷ʲô
Ľ⣬ڵһĿ⣬ֻл峤˲֪һУһŲ֪
˶ĿɿڴĿš
ֳĵģһ廨أ
ֱ峤˲ŵʧ֮ǰһ˻ŵȫȻ
лҲӷѹҲЩţƺһжΪΪʲô˸㲻Ψ賿ɽ峤˲ü棬ܹõһ͡
Ҳֻܽʱѹĵס
лܣڶֳҳһƬû⵽ôһ¡
Ҳɫ˸ɻĴл
ͷûаյֵлȻץôһ£
ол񵶵׳ûУ
ͬơ
񵶳ʵĻΪʲôǶûиӦ˵лûаγأӵʣǲ⡣
л⣬οˡ
ʶлÿһˣ˷ȫ֮⣬˶һӵʣ벻ͨˢˢĽĿͶлϣܹ𰸡
л˵ҲûŪ֪ΪˣҲ˵ģʶûЩɻĿ⣬ЦеĿǰˣǾһ峤С
иеǿҵΣС
峤ǲǸöֳŵˡл񵶣˫ֱ磬ЦеĿɫüѿĻС
սĲͷͺ˵ġ
֮ǿһ棬ʧһԣǾͺ屻һ㣬޷֮Զ̧ͷˣΪеЦ峤ƻΪǧЦġ
ˣ
ʿڸɬҺ񣬵սʤδ֣лҪ֮дܺ峤˵ɡ
ʤδ֣Уˣ˵һ飡лЦ˿ûнԷٶ
˵ʵе
лĵνʤ
еȻһˣǷֳʤ
ô˵峤Ѿ峤һսĹඣ˿ڳ֮ˣض֪һսĹ̰ɣǾ峤һɡл
һս˿壬ͫġ
ɽȴˣлץס
峤˲õ˵һʤôлץסȻȻʤġ
ߣû˵峤Ҫ£һˡתҪ뿪
лĵҵеˣղֻץסɻûйһأҸ˷йһء
ҪڿյĻкƱʩ˶
лǰֲܹ£һֵĻǻǺεȵĿֲٻľѷɫлˣ޷ġ
ͬǰһһЩ֣вʮսʣԷ׷վĶлвϧһս˼
л㲻Ҫ̫ŭȵһδ㡣
Ļһ䣬еһͳͳվ
ΣֻطŽ峤ʹɫǹŽҲ׷׵Ŀ£ƺҪ֣л֣ҲֵģһĻһ˴Ϊϲ˭֪Žǿᡣ
ڣһĻЦˣޱȣĺԶ
ɫ΢䡣
ͲϾˣǾǰлˣлĵˣˣʧһЩĸɵϲŻԸ⡣
ǲӦĻȳϣػ֮ţô¿ʵҰģΪµػܱ֮ܲڣһϵеֶεģоǸСħҪˣֶεĻһĴϾ˼ĺܣлϣӦǷ׷ˮϦȻϴġ
ڡΣֻӲͷƤ
һ˭󽫾ǹһɱ⣬ʲôŽ壬һ塣ͷƽСĸʨӣܳ壬ֱӵ˹Žһ壬顣
ң
ѵǾ´󽫾һºľԲŹⲻģһºսʤ׷
ߣ
һһ£ֱӷٵлԣߵһ֮󣬱Ҫ󽫾ڴڼ䣬˭ţ뱾ΪС
һ±ùŽһ֮ɫ䣬ǹŽ壬ѾͶĻȻ֪ҲǳͻĻǾԲġ
Ž峤岻ɵĿֻطˡ
лֻطҲֻܳ⡣
ле㷴еɨһۣһҪҵ⣬Ҿѿ˼
ֻط˾һϢ
Ȼлȴް취뵽ϴιȻжٱڴǿȡ裬ΪЦˡ
У׿˵֮ǲͷ峤˲뿪֮лֻط˳
ڴֻط˰Լһ峤вιȥŽע⵽ֻطʹɫû뵽ֻط˾Ȼ
ǰе
³ŵҪ֣ȻһԷڡֻطĵ
л󣬿ɵõֻط˸ӣаѣȴ¶ֻú޺޵Ľ֮׸лתһ뿪ˡ
ӹ֮лذţǾͺһС硣
ⶫлԣûãһģǴ͸ʥĳλ츳Ǳ֮˵ģӻпʱȡߴļ֮֮Եûʲôˡ
ͷ𣬾͸еͨڴһ˿֮ͱڻеаˣͬʱа龪ϲֻ̺֮ذ壬ؼĻ۶ɵģǻѵҲǾʵԵˣܹʹ澻ܹٶȸ죬Ǳӵġ
лһɵȻʧЦ⵹ˡ
֮ȻǻѵĴаĻȻỳɣͬʱҲȷһ㣬νߴԼ֪յνϵսģ߸ıһǱĶ
бɽߴȻӦá
ǰаģܹߴǱĸ֣ٶȻܹܹ࣬ߴ׳Ʒ
ߴУ壬ʥľ壬ʥˮ嶼ʥǣѾ壬ʣ˶ѣұҲǶߣʣµҲͱѩˣδôѩıѩǲǸӶأ
л뵽ɵĽĿͶ˱ѩ峤Ѧ׳ɡ


1691  ˮ
лĿһѦ׳ɶʱһֱĸо·ƿŵıѩҪԼĿƣʱлŵﻹͣתűѩ뿪ˡ
ǹŽ巽Ҳһԥ
ϾŽڱ濴ȥǺͱѩϵ֮ǰܹΪһ棬Ҳֻط˵˼
лҲҪ̫ݣѾܶˡֻطĵ
лЦãþǰгְһҹϵ׽ʥ𣿡
ԭлֻطԣʱһ𣬴µȷΪɲܳϣǳˣôлнٶԼʲôҪˣϾֻŭ֮µΪر˱ȹ֮ǰȻ˵ڻлƵջػлɱʮ֣֣ŭ֮£˷ɺͺˣô˵лռġ
ϣˣͳһ׵ıԴ֣֮𣿡л͵ĻᣬˣϣһΣ´ʥǵ鷢ұؽɱ񹬣
˵꣬ɫѿֻطˣлתȥ
ɱ񹬣
ֱǰս˿֮ڣδ뿪д󲿷֣ɶսʼģȻܹǵĶԻһʱ䣬Χ֮˶л󼸸֣𼫴غ䶯
ֻط˻ðɣ޲ýл˺Ƭ˿춯
ˣһ֮ԽѵлЦ
ߣɱУˣֻطĵ
Ȼֻطˣ漴Ц湻ģϲ˵ҵ뿴ػ֮ῴ𣬹
εĿЦҲлɱ
һµʱ䣬ͻƽʮսʼΨˣܽս·硣
ʱȰ
лѾ޽ӽʮսʼҪͻƣȴûô׵ģϾΪûô׵ģǵ硣
󽫾Ѿػ֮ˣػ֮Ҫȥˮס֪󽫾ΡˮϦ
лˮˮʺȻˡ
Ǳһ뿪ɷ̨
лҲˮϦפˮ巽棬Ѿ˷µıΣҲɳǿĶ֮һʮ˱ΪӳԱߣл²ǫߣҲ赣ǵİȫ֮ˣʵǶܹɱ˵ĸʵ̫̫ࡣ
ˮλڳǵı
ǽˮ֮󣬱㱻һľĿԺڣ˿Ժܴ󣬿ɼʮͬʱפʮһҲסڴ˵ء
ð֮ˮϦǫˮлˮһڡ
˽ˮŽս۷弶ֽʮͳ˧߽սػġ
ˮɡл
ǣػ֮˵ǰһʱػ֮µءˮϦ͵ʱһػ֮ǵʱǿߣҲˮԵģֻϹʥµ׼򣬼ʥʺͳα߽⣬Ҳóֻ֣ػ˼磬һػ֮ҲʥʺᣬʶʱľΣ֪Ϊ֮£ôһĽأػ֮ӵˮ֮ģڴ˵ǺʣҲػ֮ʵ
лһü᲻Σգ
ˮϦһʱ䣬ֻҪⲿΣյģǳļࡣ
лûŤͷ
Ҿ۾ƺһϵǱţҪǿΪлǽѡ
ȫһл
ᡰšһȥ
лҲʶľҪͬȥ֤һ£ǷΣգЩٶǺȻΪûԿǵľٶҲ뷨һͱˮϦ
֪󽫾ػ֮ǷģǴ󽫾һԣػ֮ģҿԱ֤⣬󽫾ˮϦ˵ķǳᶨ
ˮΪл˵ǿоٶ
ȥ̸ɡˮϦ˵ű뿪⴦ء
лһǽشɽڣѾУǸӦ˿ԪرŨģûһ˿ˮĶͨӦһ£ȷȷްȫ⣬ŸˮϦ뿪
ˮвһԺӵĿˮϦʩչڿڡ
ˮϦЩ㶣䵱Уһſڵʮǰаʥ
ţ
ԺлǸȫлһ⻰һȻŤͷˮϦаʥʥˮаյˣ˵ĻԼˡ
ֻаʥ
ˮϦҲû͵˼˵ʮǰҶʮ꣬аԶʥµһδɾͣҲǸıʵһ꣬ҲҳΪһа϶£ͻʮսʣ𾳽ˣΪԶʥµһıҵʣҸҴᣬһγıչأĿıҪҴսʳ𾳽磬һɹҽʥˮ峤аյҲʥˮ塣
˵֮ǰлɵĻôлѾٻˡ
Ϊ֪ааʥĸûˣԶʥһ飬Ҳ֪ġ
ôˮϦܹ˵ЩȻаʥġ
лɵôϲ½ػһһעôշģͷˮһͷһʼûлţˮһϿ֧֣ⶫҲɽҷˣҲܹ㣬ҰԼԸʼˡ
ܱа϶ʥˮаյȻûлɣҪִһƣȱٺ׺꾫֮ʥˮаյаԶʥµͿһƣƲݣѱ𣬻ػؼʱܹס꾫ҪѰҲѣұӧҲԼĥһ£û뵽һȥȻ㶪ˮϦЦаʥʱ䳤ˣҲϰˣаʥҾսʣʮǰܵµѪӡӰģһ뿪аʥҵͻᱻѹ׼ս۷弶ϰߵԭһʼսԼսʣ׼ս۷弶ػĺ꾫Ȼˣ֪ȻıֶնɱޣԾˣɱǡػ֮лȣĶ񵺡
л˵Ҳ겻ѡ
δ뵽ˮϦȻ
ܶʱһ˵ϰǺ˲ǳϦģӦûʲôʵսģǿġ
Ϊûзаʥлѯʵ


1692  Ļ
زȥʱ淢ʥˮ壬Ҫʥˮ壬аƵԶʥ棬ȻᱻֵģǱԶʥıʣҲȻܹģΨ뿪ʮ꣬ǰȥÿζǽ棬ȥȥʱȴѾûʥˮаյӰаڵаʥ֪ΪʲôҾȻ޷򿪣ҲˣԭΪѾңĸǰаʥˮаյ󽫾ϣΧѪ֮ˣ֪ǰȻҼʥǡˮϦ͵
˵ʱ䣬Ҳʥˮаյ֮뿪аʥӡ
лˮϦĻѾ߰˷֡
ʵҪ֤Ҳܼ򵥣ֻҪʥˮаյ֮棬һд𰸾Ͷ⿪ˡ
ˮϦмٵĻҲȻһģȻ˵ͱȷаʥģֵεġ
󽫾
лˮϦǷεʱ򣬱㿴ˮϦϵһĨĽɫΣһϤĸо
Զʥʵлͺ
ǣܹʮ䣬սʴﵽڵľ磬ΪԶʥʵҲҶɹνѣͷ֮һƹ֣ҲܱƼӪˡˮϦ˵
л޻ɡ
аἰһ䣬˵Զʥ͸һһ֣ػ˰ȫἰµʱа¶һĨˣڿ˵ˮϦ
ƹҲֹлǷԷ׷ֹأ
ˮϦǱȻģڷֳɣԶͨ;ŲʷһսߣзΪֶΣ£֣ǿĺܿ죬˵˼ܵӰ죬Ϊܵƣһ˼Ⱥ˵֮ţǶʮڳΪ磬ͨ쾳ģѹƵһЧʶ˼رس̶Ⱦõģڷ׷磬Ҳȷûбƹвȳɹһ㣬ܶ϶ʱƹ֣˺䶯ҴԶʥֵģû뵽ھȻһֱӽƹˡ
ʲô飿лԾĵ
ԣ飬׵ķ飡ˮϦ͸һ˿ľһĻ
ʿڸɬҺлЩԼĶ䣬ƹܵƣͷų٣ӵıܹһ˿ͷһͷǳԽͨͷǰڣʵȻǳµģȥʱҽͷ⣬ֹͨǴΣжƹͷųܹѹһͨ쾳ĸְɣ˵飬ǵֿѡ
ʵʱڳĳ֮⣬־ԼˣҲˣͻ־յǿҲδҺͷ׷綯ֹԭ֪ƹҲδɹġˮϦ˵
лԷ׷ǲ˼Ȥ
׷絽ʲôƣȻ˿¡
оǷ׷ƺǹػ̶ֳҲлеܲ⣬ƺҪѹͻ־ô򵥵ġ
ˮϦ˵ҪлϵģǷ׷лٵ̬ʵ׽͸Ҿʱûϣ÷׷Ҳ⡣
ţҲַ׷̬ȡлվüͷ壬ɻĵֿܹƹ˵׷֮ˣͷĻҲͿԽ͵Ĺȥˡ
ӦòɣзֱѪֶΣǡˮϦ˵
лҡͷûô򵥣ѪȽ⣬ȫѪˣǵַ޷ֱǸ߼һ㣬һ˼綥ѪģֻҪûͬ޷ģң֪ͷнԼֱϵѪ͵˼磬ͷԴǰ˼磬һֱڳ˯Ѿתˡ
ˮϦ㻳ɷ׷ͷµֱϵѪеһˣ
˵лҪȥͷ׷Ӵһˡ
׷Ѫ֮ˣ㵥ȥ棬ǾΣˣȫϧ¶ݵġˮϦѵ
лЦһµġһ£˵֮ǰ׷ἰ˵ǣͻ־ͷ֮һƹˣǣɻʲôǿƹ𣿡
ˮϦ˵ӦûģϾ忪ʼƹ췽ҲһʾģֻҼ飬ҲֻǷжأ־ƺûκεж
ʲôжл
ÿ궼Ҫ뿪һΣÿ뿪ʱ䶼һ£ûԴƿһʼûмϹҵ鷢֣ȥĵطƺʹʥˮϦ˵
лȻʹʥ
ͷˮϦԣʹʥԱ˵ʹʥѣҪһΣǴ½ػȴƵģʹʥ
ÿ궼ȥʹʥлԺðһͷһһֱ벻ͨ⣬ֻǻ޷϶ʹʥʼնиƣһ䳬Խʮ꣬ᱻųģһԼ
ˮϦЦֻǶ˶ԣʹʥ£һЩʮµĸֽ룬ô棬ͨ½ػյԺסӰġ
лһˡ
лʲôˣˮϦʵ
Ƶģл
飬ˮϦҲ˵ֻǺл𣬱㲻ôˡ
ˮϦĻпܣΪûбƹвȹģƹȻ־ģҲ˵ƹƿص
ĴǰҲ˵һǰƹѾʼڵرˡл
ǰţƵƺܹϵ˵½ػ߲ҳΪǷǳһġˮϦ
лһпܣҲֻˣƹܹر׵ʩչģлʦδع½ػߣҲпܾΪԭ֣ȫԽƹڼɱлʦģŲĸлʦ񵺴ݡ
ƵģôʧٵǷأ
УôлԥĽҪɱʦתΪ¡
ʱڽš
Ҳƶ쵽ˣлҲٶȿǺ̫ͮͮģֵķ񹬵Ӱӡ


1693  ֡һ
صһĻлҲǼ£Ӧֻط˽̫ڴԼס
ֻط˵ֻƤëˣʮֻصķˣ˵ɾ;ͷֻǷȱһʱ䣬Ȼˣ˭ֲΪǿĴأ׵ǿһЩδܺɨһоͷģϾҪ߱ǰٷ֮һҪ޵еġ
رȻڴס
Ҫǿ׵лֻ̫ˡ
лϦеķӰӣˮϦ˵Դӷرÿն˵ģƺڽĳַǳҪ飬ֻط󲿷ֵķ뿪жҲδϹ
ֻط˲ٻδϹ
л֪Լ֮ǰжǴģ뵽ҪŪ⵽ôһˡ
л͵ԼҺ̬
֪ҪʩչȻԾΪģҪҺ̬Ӧá
ܿƵȫҺ̬㻯εֱӳȥлҪŪصһĻ
Һ̬۳һߣǷ񹬵ķӹȥȻϵôڷ񹬸ҵϦϵ
Һ̬ոյһȵƾӷͷųȻһֲֻķ˵ģһӾͽлҺ̬һС֣лҺ̬Ҳ
һл㾪
ȻܹľʲôҺ̬εȵǿ󣬾ǵֻһС֣ҲʮսʼɵֵģоǷ۳ķˣĸо·Ǿںϵһƺֺ̫ǣԲʹ۳Ĺ˾
лʱ㷺һͷƻж
䲻֪ҪʲôܹɾѾ˷ٶһɣȻǷǳµʥעУȻҪǰնǹؼ
ֻܹҺ̬лоһ˿鷳
Һ̬սӲܵġ
ϾսǿҲ޷ƿصҺ̬ȵġ
л̧ͷңˮƻĻһģӣֻԸвͬ
ֱˮˡ
ˣˮϦҲһˮĶˡ
վܹڳǶ۵ףлˮΪһۿ
ãˮϦشҲܸɴ࣬û˿ԥ
ľﵽܹʱ̱ľˮκ鶼ѵжϣҪһĵزǿɲ˵ģ֮ǰɷ̨Ҳ̼ܵһ֡
л¡
ͷԼƽľڣƺΪˮһ֣ƽ羵棬Ҳʹ˺һ磬һƲʡ
۵ĸоȴδ֡
леԪӿ壬ʹսһɶǿ
ȴʼδ֡
ʱһţлʼûа㸡ֵļԺвɵó֮ǰ۳ֵһĻ
ʱĺӹİŮ˵Ӱһ̵ĺгֵİ⡣
л΢΢һǳ羵ӵĺڿʼһµ̵һĻ
ȳֵıǱ裬ʮ۵ı裬л󣬻ŷȭһϻӣлȴôĿɰô˸жΪ֮ĶŮˡ
̣֮ɢ涾ţǰȥѰаʦͼ³һĻ˲սΪ
һĻĻһϵ֡
ѹȺۣսŮ׵Ҳϵ֣һĸолĵ
վߵˮϦҲһֹĸо·лһֻۣƬص۾۾ڻӳ˯ѣĸоˮϦһ־Ķ֮С
һĻĻ֡
һӰĳ֣ÿһ棬ˣѣаˣе˵ȵȣͬһоһ㡣
һ涨񣬺ȻճлĻ⻭涨лͬһȴͬһľ΢΢˸һ㵭ĹΣΪģˮΪе㣬ĺеĻѸٵӣƻһжĺ֮Уȴ½۶Ҫ󼸱ڳǾĺС
лˡ
ƺص۾ܹһС
תĺиֳˮ·Լҵĵطм֮ˮǫͼƿһ֮ˮ
ǽɽڣٵţɽƺĳϵתʹٶȲϵ
ǧ
л˸䣬ԺвҪ̽ͷ뷨һðǿȥֻаƴСͬӰĺһСһоֳһ̿ڵһԺڣһ˽̸ʲô˺Ȼ£
лһ̣Ӧϵļ֮һ󶯵лĺһжģ
ΪĽ
ʤﵽλ磬Ȼᱻŵģȴɵظš
лûܹ̽ʲôõĶ£Ҳ֮ϲȷĻ֮
ȻûؼĿꡣ
񹬣
л񹬣ʼӷ񹬣ı仯ʹ׵Ľ񹬹ĦУûʲô仯ķ񹬣֮£ֳȴǴ
ķ񹬽ķǳݻɴصǻ档
񹬱ƺһȼţ˲ҿǧ׵ľ룬սʼĸֶѳָµģǷ񹬵Ĺ˵ͼ֣·ػŻһ㡣
л֮£񹬶˾ޱ䣬񹬣һ޴ķˣžʵķˣֻһ֮£лԺб㲻ĸ͸ƵöˮڿսУŲʷɢľŲʹ⻪ľŲʷ˵ľŵ⻪һ޶޲
бǣǾŲʷƺ߷ɡ
˫չŵ⻪ͨ͸أȴŲʹʼ񵺣׶Ϧƺ˻һ̫һĹȼŴϦ֮ϴŲʷɡ
лǾŲʷˣھŲʷ˵ĸҲǷ񹬵ĽӽĵĵطһŻ˸žŲ⣬̫ת룬ʹþŲƺڻķ仯ʮţбǾ벻Զƺһ΢΢ţϵشʹžŲ̫
ŲǾŲʷ߱ģǾŲʷ˵һ̫꣬Щڱһ㣬ǾľŲʷַͨһ͵˼磬̫ͨҪŲʮ


1694  ֡
Ϊͷ֮һǽʥΪƷҪ֮һҲҪΪһ֮˽ɸܸߴʮľŲʷˣǾл޵ĵˣŲʷ˲ʥ԰ȻĴȥ
ڻףлһ˽⡣
ŲǾǻµĴڣ޷õȼһֻף˵ʥȴʥһЩ֮˵ʥ𣬿ɾԣŲԶͨʥ𣬸ЯĪֻذ壬³̶ȣϵĵһֲ֮
ڵõ̫ļӳ֣ôﵽ̶ֳȣ
̫ǿ
ν𲢷ֻһֻ棬ж֣̫ǳȵȣÿһǿ˸ϴڣһһ綼ڻ£ôں̫һ۶ɵʮ²Ҳɵʥɣʮ˭ֿܵ
ΪˣлһʱҪƻ뷨
ҲֻǾŲʷһ꣬ɾŲʷͨ۷ͷĴڣһ꣬¶ܹɨ˼ģο֪ʹʲôֶΣȻܹҺ̬ǿ֮
ҪŲʷˣѣ
ˮл۾
ˮϦӦһѯʲô£Ϳл˫۾·Ȼ˲ʧУ˫۾ڳǵһУϦնˣһƵأޱȡ
Ҫ֧֡л
л뽲ֻҪܼģһȫ֧֡ˮϦ˵
лһ߾Ųʷ˵꣬ڽֶΣ̫ʮҪж
˻
ˮϦһǿǾŲʷ˵һ갡ֻһߣҲֿܹġյһԶʥʵ
ͷлΨ˲ſĻܻʧһԶʥ
ܹĨɱŲʷһ꣬ľŲףʧҲǿԽܵģֻмɰաˮϦɫصĵ
¾򵥵ġ
лЦܹһԶʥ֧֣ܹɹģͿҲһһΡ
𣿡ˮϦķǼģҲЩ˷ܣɱŲʷ˵һ꣬Ǻεȷ飬ãķĲƽ־ҲᶨãһΣ
ȻˣǾҪȥ
л֡
ˮϦһĨĺΣһֻѩַл档
գľҲѸٵƽУƽĺоȻҲֵĸַ񹬻ΪŲʷ˵ģֻǲ֪лӰ졣
ҪԶʥʵл
ˮϦ΢һͷ߶ϵһԶʥʵǽԶʥˣаҪһͻңѪӡ֮£𾳽ġ
һŽӲӵ㻺תͨյƽлֱ֮ϣϽֱԼʶڣͬʱлҲ߶ڰ֮ҲʶУԴɽףֻܱһСֵҺ̬Զʥµһ̼£ȫ
алҺ̬ѾľǿȣҺ̬ģҺ̬ȫͨĳֿܹġ
ȫҺ̬̼ʹ˶оһѹ·Ҫһ㣬ǿһֻ𾳽磬ͨˣȫεѹȵľһ󲨶ûһ˸˿΢ľٶͻı
ֲҺ̬δʩչѾѹ񵺣ڳˣܵĴ̼ء
ǾŲʷ˵һӦ
ھȡľŲʷһ꼴Ťתͷ­תлǹܹɾĹŹҲѸٵĻ۵ĿУγһ˸ʮʹ⻪ĹԴ
л״ɵһȻǾŲѾϵһС֣ں
籩
л˻
ȫҺ̬ޱȫͷųγһҪǾŲʷһ
ɲǼ䣬һε磬ϯȥ
¡¡УԴݿ֮ƣҪǾŲʷһ
˻
˻УŲʷ˿ʮɫ⻪
䣡
ʵײ
ֲ籩ûɢĻ񵺶ڣǶĬĽನֱʡ
Ϳ׵ĸ߿ձһεֱӶһ޴ĺڶ˼·ҡΣ죬ɽ
ײȴûоʹ˵
лҺ̬ȫ߶֮ȴԾҪѷɫһ֣Ȼʮʹ⻪ʼˡ
һ仯лˮϦɫ䡣
ΪƾлȫҺ̬ԶʥµһܹŲʷһģû뵽ǾŲʷһͷųȻ˵ǿȻԽǵޡ
̫ˡ
ô죿ˮϦЩˡ
л侲纮ľδһ˿ĲضǾŲʷһͷųľɾʮʹ⻪Ժзٵתţ˼Եķż־ġ
ʮʹ⻪˵ӦʮĽϣҲ˵ʮһγɣŻԵãвΪֲҲ͸ӱһ㣬ӵʮǶʥǽԵĴ
λأ
Һ̬ǿȴǶ֣ܱԷɵ
ʧҺ̬ŲʷӵʮҲԽܣǣƣǿŲʷ˵ʮ
ô죿
л˼ٵתеһ˿仯ע⣬ʮεȿ£¶ȱóߵģڻģڵĵطȴ¶û˿ı仯ŵ⡣
ˮ
ȻͬȵλôˮڱȻҲʥˮģִﵽɾʥˮȻҲԶ⻹δ͵ʮˡ
εˮڵĴɾʥˮأ
л˼ȥƺֻһ취һɵҺ̬籩Ȼس
˻
Һ̬Ųʷһӷǳ֮ʮ׶һá
ܷ
Ųʷһ̷һ˻ʮںϵѸٵ׷ҪлҺ̬ɵ
Ǻһһ׷
ǵٶȶޱȣ˲Ϣǧ׵ľ룬һӱӽˮĸ
ˮ֮ˮлϺȵ
ˮϦĽԼļ֮ˮͷųһ͸лľʱͨлҲƿ⼫֮ˮģ㵼һҺ̬һʮм֮ˮֱˮײ㡣
ͬʱʮҲͬһħ֮ڣҪҺ̬лˮϦһɡ


1695  仯һ
Σʱ̣ˮײĴɾʥˮȻ
ʥˮһˮϦȻл뷨ˮˣڳڣˮͻȫڳǵˣ˴ԶĿľǵı˴˿⣬ʰ顣
ǿĴɾʥˮʮ
ֻҪҵȻᷴġ
ˮϦԲųˮӵм֮ˮȻû뵽ְ취ЩҵĲ֪ôźã˵ĲҲֳͬʱˮϦлĿһ㾴塣
˻
ӦɾʥˮҲõľŲʷһ˿־֮У̷˻Ҫջʮ
ǴɾʥˮһֱһӱлҺ̬ڣΪһںϾˮ
𣡡
һ𵴵ѱ䡣
ڱչصľŲʷҲǵһѪܵ˾ҵӰ죬ʮʹ⻪Ҳֱ֮ѵļ󣬻δϵʮɾʥˮ಻һĴ
ɾˮںҺ̬·ʵצģֱӳײȥһӱ㽫ʮײı鿪
ɵҺ̬Ҳ֮ʼɣʮѸٵʥˮ۵ˮ֮УӴƣطƱɫǣ̫ľŲʷһ־ҵĲ
ˢ
ʥˮˮһ
Ϧ֮Ͼȡ̫۳һҲ֮ѣϦķ񹬵ӰʧŲʮǿжϣ֮ǰһŬҲͳ׵˷ѡ
ȲεľŲɱ䣬ǿݲðصġ
׹бϣģʥˮ۵ˮŻصƲֱӺǾŲʷ˵һꡣ
𣡡
һӱ㽫ǾŲʷһײľҲģܵش
ˮգʺȻ̻ɢγһˮֱӽǷ񹬸ȥ
˻
Ųʷ˱嵱һŭ˻ͷųΪǿҪԼһꡣ
Ҫ֪һ֡
һʧǶĴԺҪͼŲףѶֹһ
ʶľٶµĽƷͷųһʱͱŲʷЩʧȥǣȻ˵ͼĴջһꡣ
Ǵɾʥˮˮô׶Ըġ
ˮ֮ڼлֲҺ̬һԶʥʵ˴ںϣʹлܹǿһʥˮǣ֮ƣصһ档
ˮˡ
ʥˮԾŲʷ˵һ꣬лԵĴѹһӾʹһģɢ
գ
лˮϦͬʱһ뷨
ǳһ־ˮ̽һˮѸٵЯѸˮ
Ҫ볹һ꣬ɲô򵥵飬л뷨ǽֱˮǿҲ޷﷭죬ǾŲʷ˱壬ҲҪ˵ġ
˻
Ųʷһŭķ˻š
Ҫ
ǿٷʥˮҲ֮ͣٿһʥˮҲܵŵĻһ޴Բˮبʼ䣬ľŲʷһ˫չ˻ϣܵľŲƴصֿš
һʱ˫˭Ҳκβ˭
ڷڵķ壬ܵʥˮһϴѾȫˣǷһأϾ
Һ̬ʥˮڣӦеı仯лҺ̬
ҪʲôˮϦͺ
лʥˮڣ߶籩ôȻʹʥˮҲϾУ˱γɸӾ˵Ȼɽһ׵ķ顣
ɣĻԶʥһҲ׵ĺľˡˮϦЩĵ
һǰģһʧȥҲʧȥһ㱣ϡ
бԶ޷֮սܷ֮л֮£ܹͻƽ𾳽磬ôһƣȻܹͨ죬߾ֻһΣԼɡ
֮
ˮϦ뵽ԼľΪûʵս飬еĻ䣬ʹɵả꾫䵽㱻ɱĵزҲͣʮս۷弶꣬˿ٽһϣûС
Ψз֮ͻҡ
⻰ƾװ㣬ˮϦ
лȻΪʲôܹ˿ٵ磬Һ̬ǿʱȥñԼ𣿲ǣǱƲѲŶã֮ǰƾԼȥսΪľǲϵ֮սĥ˿ٵͻơ
ӵһԶʥȴʼ޷ȴÿΣʶ
ţ
һȡһֵ꣬ãˮϦ
лЦãǾ͸ŲʷһǵĽѵδսҲˣ
ЦУлٶȽԶʥһ߶Һ̬ȫʥˮΪ֮Ծ
籩
ڶεľҺ̬ʥˮУγҲȻʥˮˡ
˿ȥͺˮ˽صˮϵ磬һӾͽһ߾Ųʷ˵˺ˡ
ͬʱǺˮҲֱ֮ϣطƾޱ䣬°޹⣬Ϊ˼ģ֮ԪıУǼƮɢؼһЩɢ
ﵽ֮ˮڸ߿תһˮһӱ㸩ˮȥ
䡫ˮˮ֮ʣȻɢ
һǴɾʥˮһҺ̬һعˮڣһӰعлʶС
Һ̬ع飬лҲеľ޴ͬ
ԭҺ̬ͺ峺Һ壬ûʲôɫģʵģҲֻʶлһ̬ˡ
ٿҺ̬Ȼ˾˵ɱ䣬Ⱦķ棬ԭ˽һĳ̶ȡ
һҪ֪лҺ廯൱߱ľһʲôĵزأŽͷ⾭лͨ쾳ľһжϣжϣڵҺ̬Ѿӽͨλֵľ̶ȣһЩͨλľ
עлԺľҲӦӡ
б仯Һ̬Ȼӵɫ
ʮʹ⻪
Һ̬ıһ޵ʮʹ⻪ĻȼţʹҺ̬Ȼٶȵõͬսһ㣬˵ԭҺ̬ͨĻôҺ̬ͨ屶˵ɱǼġ
ֻǲǷɾأ


1696  仯
Һ̬м𣬻ʮʹ⻪Ǿʮһлܿ϶ΪŲʷһƵľŲûнɹֻͽΣûģˣҲǾзǳµ飬ֻҪ΢һлоʮʹ⻪̺žŲһЩ
лһҺ̬ʶһС棬ͿǺ΢һ־Ҳƻһʮһ㣬˸ʮֹ⻪ȥǳĹʡ
⣬ǾˮϦ
Ҳû뵽лϲĵŲʷͷųľʮεĻм֮󣬱㷴ҵҺ̬ˣҵҺ̬õ˽һ
ʮɫľ֮ˮϦҲе治ѡ
δ˵Ȼܹл档
˵ףƿһſģڿɺãȫ
ԣˮϦЩڴĵ
лЦŵͷҲ뿴Һ̬ı仯
˾кܴĲ֮࣬Һ̬ͨңԸлͷųһ㾫֮ˮϦҲӦͷųıľ
Ŀԣһ΢΢ͷ
ǵľͬʱȥ
һ߷裬һεľǴʮҵս档
䣡
ײûаĵֿˮϦõľлͷž֮ıײ֮£Ȼûаĵֿɻ֮⣬ˮϦľֱӱˣľͬ£ֻҪһСʱ䣬лָģǳ׵Ļʧȥ˾ԶʧȥҪ»ָͱȥµġ
лûо߱ɾ
ܹõĴݻپҿӵĿ£һҺ̬֮Ϊ޵еĴڡˮϦ޾̾ĵ
ǰ֮Ǿ߱һʮȻȫԾޱȿµģϾһʮܹͣǾǺɨһʥģġлҲ˷ܵģҲն˾Ųʷ˵ļƻɹʮ޵еġ
ˮϦֻϧҵһԶʥõʧˡ
ˮϦεʧ䣬лЦ㣬һܸ˵ġ
ˣˮϦЦҡҡͷ
ȻʧȥһԼȫſǱϾűһϰ˭׷
Ϊ㽫մɾʥˮˮлĵ
ʲô
ʧˮϦȻ̧ͷ㵵Ŀл˵һ飬ûɣ˵մɾʥˮ
лҲһˮ
ǲ㷢ʲôˮϦץסлơ
ľҲﵽز䲻лִͨһЩ취۵ĵزҪ޷ȶľҲѣڵ״ҲɿлĻ𺳶ôǿҡ
ҵľʥˮǣʥˮı仯ȻˡлЦ˵ļ֮ˮ
֮ˮ
ʱˮϦȻļ֮ˮȻδع飬ȥӦ̾ͷ֣Ǽ֮ˮȻʥˮںһ𣬲ѾͬȻô̶̵ʱڳΪʥˮ
ˮϦƾһԶʥʵҪļ֮ˮ׵ģѶʵ̫ˣҲû̫
˿̲ŷ֣֮ˮȻôɵؽˡ
Ҫżȥջļ֮ˮӦʥˮлЦǺǵĵͨĸӦʥˮɾʥˮȫݣұǿнףҲ˽ǾŲʷ˵ʮ׵ľŲеֻذУؼˮϵĴ꣬ڽɱ䣬Ҳ²ⲻĻ㽫пͨԼļ֮ˮ׵ʥˮ߱ɾʥˮܷǴɾʥˮ׳ˮǿɾ˵ˡ
ˮϦĵײɵĻҲˮһˮ׵ʥˮɱ䣬Ҳ˵Ҽܾдɾʥˮˮڽӵˮ
лͷӦˣ
̫ˣ
˷ܵˮϦһӱסлһѽлԴÿԼϡ
Ҫˡ
лһҲ̫˰ɣɾʥˮʲôͨ۷弶ͷҲյģƾˮϦΪͷĴڣǽֻʱ⣬˷ҲͿˡ
ֻظĺܴ󣬺еԣģҧһڳʲôζ
˷ţŲʷŭˡ
־֪ǷǳӴĵǶк򣬱ײνı˼ǿǾסĵطȻƣɲ޷֣ܹӴĻ˿Ҳ൱Ķ࣬꣬ͷܴﵽ֮࣬ҲжԹ𣬰ķչһ硣
ͷУƹռк򣬾Ųʷ˺Զͨռݶͱĵ׶ˡ
һ糣Ķ·Ȼ
žŲ𣬷ŭ˻𴫱򣬾ˡ
Ųʷ˷ŭƶҵĲɼŭѾﵽһʲôĵز
ˣԶͨһʱھŲʷ˵Ľǰ
Ųʷĵڵرʮһ걻лˣ
Զͨסˣòŵûɣ
ΪأŲʷĵǲΪѡеˣ㻹ڸô͡
ġԶͨ
ܿƽϢŭľŲʷ˾͹˵һ飬ȻϧԶʥʵһģǿѪ
ԶͨɹĻܸĴ۸Ǻܻġ
ܸԼѡһ֮ŰɡŲʷЦ
ѡеҲԶͨĵ
Ųʷ۾˸žŲʹ⻪¶һĨЦ⣬ȷ֮ܲδ㡣
ԶͨȻŲʷˣʵ꣬𣿡
ʲô˼Ųʷ˵
ְͷȥֻҵõǵԴ֪ҵõֻһֶѣһǱõˣʵ˿Ҳ̰꣬޷ǾҪʾһٱȡʤʵˣΪ𣿡Զͨ
Ųʷ˳Ĭˡ
ãſڵʲôʱ֪ġ
ǰҷʵһΪһֱԴǱƹȥģû뵽Ȼ㡣ԶͨЦôڻȥ𣬾ΪǱ˴˲¼ɣ˴ƣûĺ˻ʣʣϹʥ˵ħ磬ǽһ˲Ŵߣ˶ѵ㻹лʧ𣿡


1697  ʥ׶һ
֮ǰ֣ŲʷҲʶԶͨò룬ȷɥʧǻᣬ˵εлݻһ꣬˵׻Ϊԭ򣬲ȻĻ˻ʱѾɹˣҲϵڣ֮ˣҲΪԶʥµʤʵֻһ˼磬磬ħеľͷУֻһܹɹ
ԶͨƽĵδֻһɹҪɹ֮ǰҪ߳ɣȻĻȴǵֻʧܣǰԼ
ߣŲʷ߲
̬ԶͨһϲϿԼ˵ֻҪܹĻ϶ǵһȡʤʵȻԶͨΪԼʤģֻҪʸȥᣬҪ⡣
ûкһжȻ
ҺȾлѹƹ죡Զͨ˵һþŲʷĶĻ
Ųʷƹ֮ĶԹΨԶͨҲջԼıǴڿʼ
ã˵ô졣Ųʷ˵
ȻǱǼΪҪƿƵֻҪΪĻǱɡԶͨЦ
ŲʷҲЦƵѣȽ⣬Ƚǵ鷳
Զͨʲôֵûɵ𣿡
ȻѡелΪޱȣһʱҲŷ֣֮ã㵱ȻˣأŲʷἰ¾ͷǳĲʹ죬ˮԣʺϣǷԣʣΨһʵḷ̌أʥѪǲУʣһ̣츳Ǳһжǳİ˾ȻлҪƿȫ֣沢̫棬˰ɣȴҲˣ·ƾʧһҾȻ磬Ȼûټ
ʧˣԶͨ㵵ĵ
Ҳ
ԶͨҲǴ㵲ѣôܣƾҵľ磬ʵͬȼľͷֲſ꣬޷ҵģѵˣԣˣҲҵһġ
˵᲻֪ǵĿģʹĳֶˣ纣ĦµĶŲʷ˵
ԶͨҪ˵ǣ磬⿴˵ͨʥȺţҲȷʸǣͷע⣬лɵӣ϶֪ǾԲô򵥵ĿģֻûŪǵʲôԲû˵ˣ㿴ܹƶϳǵĿģ֪Ҫʥǣ֮ǰǺ¶һϢģǴһûעСϸĴ𰸣ѾʼϵõĸϢʼѡʥǵĿˡ
Ųʷ˵ҪܹǶҲʡȴ鷳
ҵ룬Ҳиʦлﵽʱ򣬾ѾעԼʥˣ֣ϼһȻһʱ䷢̶ǶֵġԶͨĵʥǣǣǺγʥǳأǱ֮ǰ֣ܹһķֵ£ɹʥлΪЩ˸ģһжٶɣǽΪͷֿһɱġ
ֻ֪㷢ûУƺȦЩ˶ڷٵʧУҶ϶ǲǱɱģȴӦǣ֡Ųʷ˳һлѾǵжȡ˰취֪ǵʵĿģеһٶƻǵļƻ
ԶͨЦ赣ģǰģʱȻȡļ䣬һд𰸾ͼˣʱٶǰأϾ޷ҵ̵ˣǼҲҵġ
ŲʷҲһɭɭЦ
һı
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ҹ٣Ҳ޷Ƿڵ飬֮ǰһĻģʥˮʥŲʷꡣ
һĻ˿ˡ
Ǻܶ˶ڹע񹬵ľٶֱҹ٣ɾĵģû˿ľٶ
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ǿķѡͣ
Ȼ֪ѾŲʷ˵һֻܼͣ򵥣֤лİȫһ÷ȫѪ
ˮڣҲһ仯
ԪѾԽ˶κһطΪʥˮ׵Եʣʹô˵ԪŨﵽ൱ֲĵزˮϦƲסҪˮޡ
㣬ȥɣҾͲдˡˮϦ˵ʱе㷢죬ȥɷˡ
û취ǰĵطĳ̲סڣ滹ſˮĺۼأҧˮϦԾﵴֵĸоȫһ˵·ȫˡ
ﻹ󣿡лȻ۽ʱʱƳǱҧĵطԺлڻζŷĸо
ǻȵĿһɨˮϦ·еһֻħڸϽתлľ»ָƽǰػ֮ĸۡˮϵĵطֻûлϵ֮أϵϵϵٵˣϵģ˵λػ֮ǣȥһʥףϵ֮аҲлʥףţȥˮ¿
˵꣬лڣһˮڣѸٵĽˮ档
лҲʼ磬ɣֹǱŵģɲܹң˵ˣҲȥռ˻𣿡
վˮ˻ܣһ۱㿴˾нǧ֮Զλˮϲˮ⼸ϵʥء
лȥ
뿪ˮϦִˮĴڷɳлԶȥıӰ޺޵ĵʲôţǼģ㻹ռ˲ˣɶˣǿԭñӵʥˮĲ㡣
뵽ʥˮˮϦҲ˷ֱܵ߸ȥ
Ҫȥʥˮ
лҲ⡣
޽Ҳ൱ĺʱԶȥЩ䣬ɹģС߲㣬͸Źӵζư˽ÿһ㶼а˸ǣһһ춯öɱСɶ׵ģһǿд룬Ҫٵ󣬱⵽ܹʮʮףеѾﵽɵزһɻκһǿߵġ
վǰл룬ҲܸӦõһǳֲ׵ܹǽ׶ȻǴ˵н׵ʥˡ
лӦʥ޵ϵǷһ˿Ц⣬׽׺ѣʥ׻׵ĽŰɡ


1698  ʥ׶
̤леһһףÿһ׶ǿϺŵģһ¥ȥڶ͵ҲףеѾ׿ʼ׽ˡ
㣬㿪ʼһЩ仯ˣǰ涼ǿյģûκεƷ㿪ʼƺЩˣֻǰ趼Щ׵йصĵƷħ޵ĵϾ׵̾ţƺÿһ񣬵涼Ϊ˸׵絥ֿסõģлһμ
ˮǶǾۼһġ
Щǿķֿ
лĲȥһ㾡ףǴЩ׸ߵ׳䱸ļУһЩţ˸ŵĹΣЩһ̾ᡣ
ÿһ׶΢΢ţƺҪһ㣬ϸһָһе˼
лһ޴ļǰȫףܷȫ֣ȻҲЩźףȥҪЩʲôãƴʱ̱㱬Ȼһ׵⵶ӣΪٿصһ㣬նлơ
һץһ±㽫ֻǳ׵׵ץסˡ
δػʥ徳ʱлѾʼȼ壬ԣ׸ûʲôġ
ץסףлʱоһɷ֮Ͷ
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лͷһЩȵĿףȻһ˿ı֮Ҫ֪֮Ǵġ
б֮
ִе˵Ǽʵһлδľͷ̶ɵģǼУлĸоǼͣǼӲһ䰼ȥ˺ȻҲԳ顣
ļУǵˡлĵΪʲôб֮أ˵ֻһУ
뵽ļС
еļ׶һ֮߱ںϵġ
У֮סл˳˼УµһЩڱ֮ϡ
Ȼû漰֮Ȼɵںϵļء
ķ֣״
л뵽һЩ׵ǽеףҲǴ׽׶ģڳ׵ġ
£һ㡣
һöػֳ֮ܳƯڰУлָһ㣬һű֮ױٿȻȥ
أ
дػ֮ܡ
Ҫ˵ȼףػ֮һۼѣϾڷţлͨػ֮ܵĸӦȻ֣һ֮߱׾Ȼǽ׸ոմﵽ׾ʱǿʢ˽
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лɵͷһ֮Ȼ֮࣬̽ץסһףһ΢ļԺԲƵı֮ı֮׵ûʲôãںǼôࡣ
еףлһսӿС
ˢһ׼תΪһ׵⵶ӣб֮ںϣʹ׵⵶Ȼͬʵһ㣬ҾԣƺڳԽ񵶣սʼ񵶵׼սʼȻ൱µġ
ǰػ֮ţл׵⵶֪׺ͱ֮սɵģ浶ȻоǾʵĴڣٵġ
˵һļУһǿˡ
˼УˣҼк㣬һ붷֮󣬼̻ͬ񵶵׵⵶ɱΣ˵
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ȥһͬƷ㣬ϸͻ֣ᷢҲͬаű֮ڵףɽɱ˵ġ
лЩ嶯ҪԼȥںϱ֮ˡ
ҲڣǱô򵥣ЩЩŽܵϵǡ
ֽ׳յʶ޷յġ
лϵĲ㡣
һУһǿķ֮⴫
һڵı֮أǵʮϣĵǱģֻ׳ƷҲǱģ
׵ȻǸһִﵽ˴ɾ硣
л̽ȥץһѳ׵ľ񽣡
̺ŵһҲ̶ȴûбľ֮Уϡ
ʹ񽣿ɾͲǼ򵥵ˡ
ǽӽɵںϵһ֮лжϣܹͨսʼ˰ɣټľ񽣣Ͷȣһսʼ
趯ǵƣ죬ʮ㡣
л񽣣һҪսһĳ嶯׷¡¡ܾԡ
лǣı֮ƺ
Ψһвǣ׾ȻҲ֪ǷΪӦ׵Ŀ£ԭ
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ͼ˵㡣
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һ㡣
л㡣
һ㣬лǽеҲȻѾΧһЩɫҲпʼɢļ
ͬģھǽеףҲ̼ܵĻԾ
˵أл㿴ľʵ̵һЩɽˮͼ渽һĽеףŴı֮š
лǰڽеױٿȻһ´ͷųĽɫ磬һӱӿͼ͵֮УҲҵĲл;ȵķ֣һĽɫһģֱн׵׸
ž
һ󱬶
Ще׿ʼһĹ⻪ǽɫУȻ󱻽ɫתƽڡ
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лϷЩ׵ľڿٵţԭЩ׵൱̶ˣ侫ʧȡȻʼشɾףҲΪȡ֣лЩڵı֮ҲһСֵ֮ˡ
Ƚ⣬л֣е׽׵ķʥףǴһļ֮ףڿԽʽĽס
Σֻһͣǵ߲ʥ׼ǳ֮ߵġ
žȡлܵԼǽеٵţţɽ׽żذ
Ҫ֪л׽ף͸ǿˣ֪ʶԨ˷Ȼʥ׽ףǳԽʥ׵İ֮׽׵ġ
ν֮ףǱԽɾʥףײĳֲ׵һɹֻҪﵽ߶ȫɱͨ۷ͷء
ҲΪˣ׽׳ɹԷǳ֮ͣǳɹлܷҲδ֪Żȡﵽĵز׽׳ɾ͵İ֮ס


1699  ʥ׶
֪׽׳ɹʷǳͣҲѾ޷ӣοǽװ֮ʧܣҲǴɼʥףͬһΪƿص׳ƳģԶ׵ĽףлǷǳڴġ
ֻ׽УҪﵽ߾塣
лŵЩеһҫţһ˿嶯ǷЩ׵أ
䲻Ǽ֮ףɶʥ׽׵ġ
Ҫɾǿ壬һ߹ȥ׵Ҳˡ
л뵽ְǺƾ޴ɽˮ
䡭
ЩѾױлͷŵĽɫȡȫһЩ֮ɾ׼̱ͬһ㣬лϡ
ﵽɾѾԣܹɱ֮ģȻûʲôûһжֻǱܵһַӦ
лվɽˮǰһ
ſҡ
Щɾ׺ϣҵе׵壬ʼԵľʹ
һžеĽ׶ȡ
лڽеƳԵĺˬһ㣬΢΢ţͨлΪɫļ
ıǴɾ׵
ȫ
ν壬ǾؼǿܹںȻгһ֮塣
ҪӴɾػʥزҪĴʹһȻһ˿˿תΪľΪƤһ֣һ֣ѪҺһֵȵȣ˱ﵽزлһѪΪѪܹκ˶൱İ
ȻҲӵпֲķ
лڽܴ״ͨ壬Ҳھȡ׵һ˿˿Щ׸ӷˡ
Ǳʥ׽׵ģΪлĽ׾ȡɾףٱлȡһ˿˿ľٶµβһʱлͱ׵
лһնŵһץ
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ǵĴɾҲһӿ
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𣡡
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㿴ʮľСųһ˿˿Ĺ⻪ɽˮڣڸɽۣ֮ײ֮УȻһ׶ͷųлƺҲŴС
ķ·һƬ׵硣
ܲһ׵Ӹ߿ջһأ֮׵縲Ǹɽ׵۶ɺ涼׵磬޴׵磬޴̺׵ľ֮⡣
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л˫ĿţͬɽˮУΪ׵һ֣ƺлÿһһֶ׵ڣֶ֮֮ͬ㣬
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䣡
һܹʥ׽׵׵ɽˮƵʱ飬ƬƬĲľ档
лɵÿϲ⶷ĺܿ£Ȼ۶Ҫ֮ŭ䶫ˮƶնҪѷɫһЩںЩɫ磬ҪǿʢһЩˡ
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Ҫ֪ȭױ׵ϵʺ׵綷ġ
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л֪޵Ҫ͸ս޺ͽӥǿĲֹʮ˱ģҪڵڱѣʱҲҪĶܻ࣬ҪһЩſѡ
ξȻɳȻǿڵھͿ˹ԭľʵĿڵһƿ޻ꡣ
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ͳ˻ħ޵ڴ
ͿǵڵĿ޻Ҳһ˻𣬻һƹֱӳħ޵ڣ֮ڡ
֮ħ޵㱬貵Ĺ⻪лɼƺп޵ӰԾ˫Ŀյġ
ˡ޵ڴ
лˣ
ʱģŵõӦҿһǰǿ޻µһл꣬Ǳǰػ֮еõģڴ˵أҵõһл꣬ʱܸ˵׽׳ɰ֮׺󣬱ѹˣڵڽף֮ʷǿĿ޻һġ˵еˣǼġ
޻ʺεȼ𣬳ôҲ˵ԺгɳģΪһΰĴڡ
޻ʲô𡣡лѿڵҲ֪
ͨλ˵
л۾ʱɵԲѾޣⲻ˵ƵͨλͻƱֱӳΪͨ۷ͷĴڡ
޵˵ܹԽΪ֮ףһʳΪͨ۷ͷ
ģлЩˡ
ͷǿǹľˡ
֪֮һʣΪʵ㣬϶ԿͷʱҲӲǰһ͸ˣټʵһ޻һԼ֮ѪȵȣŻҳɾͨλѵģȻؼĻ˵İܷ֮׳ɹ֮ףɱһоͷĳڣ˾Ǵﵽͷͨ۷徳磬Ҳδܹ֮׵ӳһġ޽͵
ʾȻ˶顣
һȻΪл
лпѣӼᶨҪΪ׳Ŭˣ֮ףҲ֪ɱͷֻǽ̫ˡ
ͷĴڶ޷֮ȫӳ֪Ҫ׳֮ףѶȶɣоɾػʥ嶼޷ܵġ
ڵΪɾ׶һ֮׽׿Ϊ㣬ڲͬˡ˷ܵصа˳ɵİգɰ˵׽׳ɹǽΪ֮ף


1700  ʮսʡһ
˳ɰٷ֮ٵĳɹʲһЩɻҲȷɹģлûװ֮׾Ȼôİա
лʾػɡ
ٺ٣ˣ޵

лһ𣬶԰ȻˣҲǿģҪΪƿУƹƵ֧ߣҪȥнϾɲǻ־ôöԸġ
ǣˮϦһϢ
Ǿܿƹϵܹƹ˼磬ʶӵΣգģϾĿǰ֪ͷϵֱģΪԶͨѡ֮ˣƹɱƻԶͨļƻأǺпܵġ
һ֣ʾǸǳΣյĵط
Σաл֮࣬Ҳоһ˿ǣϾǾͷƹܹ漰
޵ģһУѾ޻ʲл֪ˣȷԵƹǷǳޣ޷еĴɾʥȵģƹͷųҲʥ׻棬һƹʥײƹȫҲδػʤοֻǵһСֵⷽ赣ģõ޻ʲл꣬ҿԶݵĿʥġ
Ŷȥˡлϲ
ȷˣͺ񵱳ػ֮һ֮ԲΣգˮϵ֮壬Ҹ֮һɾʥΪƹǰƾһصĿֲƿرϵҪһʥףΪУһػ֮ƻˡ˵
ġ
лûôԶ޻ʼлʲô
УϹʥߵĿкʩչѹͷģǺ°ܣǱ뿪ģͷһֱߵڵΪУǸԵϢѪȥǲͰǰػ֮νҲӲǽͷ˲֪ģǵֱϵѪһͳͳˡ޵
ñ̬ػ֮л
޵һǱŲʷѡеģػ֮ǱԶͨѡеģǿνһǿģֻϧ
ѡУͷֱѡУʲô˼л
֪޻ʲлбˣĻػ֮ûػ֮ҲδŪ޵
ֱѡС
лͫһνʥǣ磬˵ͨҲţϾʥ֮ţ֮ӣ֮Ů̫ˣһܳΪͷĴڣһܲǳɳ
ڳɳҪʱģǷдѵĻὫʥأʥǣ棬еע
ôĿʲôأ
оǿпἰǰ˳ΪͷӶ˼ͷ࣬ʤġ
˵л˵󱸡
²ô򵥰ɣӦԼһѡ֮;ɱĻ˽Ϊ󱸵İɡ
򣡺ߣлսȭͷһҪļƻ
޼˵ˣһػ֣֮һļƻҲ˵͵ħġ
ƻʲôƻл
ܹԼ磬ɾԾͷġ
ҪʲôԵһػ֮Ҳֻʮս۷弶ľɣʲô
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ͨʥˮҲ㹻ˮϦ˷ܵغܳʱ޷˯߰ɡ
ڳɾˮʱĿܷǳңԶлʶˮпܱյģΪˮ֮壬õˮ֮ģһжˮĹϵ˵ĻὫ
Щ䣬лڱȥɡ
żȰ˽ⱻƹĴɾʥǽеУƣӶܹװ֮׼ʴﵽ˳ɡ޵
лЦܿʥף
ܣ޻ʲлںˣܹɿ˵űƯǵ棬תţһĹΡ
漴Ϳǵڴһɾ춯صķ֮⣬֮񵶵õı֮ҪµĶࡣ
Ҫ֪ܹ֮Ϊͨ켶Ҫ񵶵õ֮ɱΪ飬ؼһ㡣
ɾڵı֮Ȼ࣬ζʲô
´ɾʥܹɾʥ׸ǿʢĶࡣ
֮ʥڣƹĽҲǽرͷųı֮ʥڣȻΪУһ׵ڵı֮ǴɢȥһˣЩػ֮Ľֻδоɹ㱻кʶǲдƷʧȥ塣˵
ҿЩкǿл
޵ֻܶ԰˾Žսˣػ֮ĿҪͨ켶ǿսġ
л̾һ˼統˲ű
ÿһʱжɧ
񵱴˵ʥˣ䶯죬֣֣죬־Ķ˧£ˮϦȵȣһǿţǵδɾͣ˭ָ˵Ǿͷء
˽ܵ飬ҲԭģΪʱڣҲ˼Ϊչȥģ˼ĵ̫ľͷˣ˼磬Ȼľ͸ı˼һУӶ˲Ҳ⣬ȻΪθʱ綼Ҫǹս˼ء
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ǵ渡һ׵磬ŤţǾǴɾ̺֮ʥס
лڵҲܵǣһ㣬ĴĵڷԾΧ˸ŽӲӵ磬צһ㣬ѸٵĺһʥӴͿΧЩɫ׷׵ʥ׸ֱӳ棬˷ʥ׽š
Ȼ޵ڴһɬ
ʥױ㿪ʼ͸ȥ


1701  ʮսʡ
Ϊлһڱ仯лǺ֪Ͼ׵Ŀǰ֮ף̫ߣǱһЩ仯򶼱лУʱʥڣȻлĸ֪С
ġʥҲڷѣȡеľһ൱ı֮
ڣл֪ʥ׿϶ǱȡģϾ׵Ŀ߼ģȻĽ׽ʧܣҲؽǴɾʥףҲл޺֮ǣֻҪĿޣɾɡ
ֻǱ֮Ҳʥױȡʱֳ
Ѿ۳һʵĵԲˡ
̫̫ˡ
ǽʥڰлţǱܹ֮۳ɲѷɫĴڣǳǿǷɢĻ̵ǽǰܹһɱΪͨ켶񽣵ġ
ֻ̫̰ˡ
ʥ׵ľȡɫɱɽɫǽǱ֮ľ˽ȥʹͷųĽɫҲʼ΢ı仯лҲЩϲ
ոںϵΪױģһʩչܹɵȡͷųĽɫ磬õʥ׾ɫȻű֮ƻҲôļױʩչʱȻǻŷǳ
ʱһš
ʥ׿ǴɾģҪȫȡ侫ɲô򵥵ģҲ޷ȫһ㲻ʣգȻһɢʧ˾ʹ߲ƯϸС׵磬ҲմԪ
л״ɴһƨ·ʼ
Ѿͻ֮Уηܹʮսʾ磬κοԴͻƵĻᶼǲŹġ
Ǻһɢʧȥһʥ׾ܵһ㣬׷׵лϣƱ׵֮ˣͬģǴԪҲ׷׵ӿϵǿսоǣЩʥ׵ξҲɣΪػʥͻƵĹؼ
սƳһ㣬ļޱȣѸٵĳˢлȫʹΧԪҵķ·ӿţһ۹ᱻлգͬһһеĺڶ㡣
ԽԽԪգսҲǳٵš
ڱȡʥҲ˥ľҲɢʧԽ࣬лһ㲻ʣա
Ҳ֪˶ãлڵսȻһܵǣһ㣬ͳͳĳĵ֮ڣѸٵһԲ
ȫްս
ԪҲӿ룬ٶȣڼӿӶࡣ
ԪĴΪսٶԲڣϵѹѹţﵽ޵ʱл嶼Ȼ
䣡
һǿ𶯸д
ڼѹսԲȻѿۻսѸٵתȫҲһࡣ
ʮսʣ
һĥ֮󣬴ϣʮսʣлеȫޱȵۻ룬·ֻֿ졣
̫ǿˡ
лҪʹĴսһһʮս߱ӵҲʮսڣЩһֻ̤𾳽磬ӵмģ˿⡣
ȻҪľм֮׵ĳǿ߻Ҳô򵥵ģҪŬﵽߵĲΡ
׿ȥʥ׵ľȻδȡŬûж
ʥ׿Ǵɾģľ֮࣬Щ׵ľҪ֪ٱҪȫȡҲҪ൱ʱ䡣
ȻҲǶлżذ
԰ɢʧһʥ׾ϵ壬תΪľϵػʥ壬ΪüʵĻ
ʮսʣ粻ȹ̡
лȫٵԪҲӿʹս˿ȻҲǴʮսһߣҪﵽʮս۷弶ҲǷǳѵһ̣ܲ׵ġ
лɽף޵Ҳӿˡ
ȡʥ׾ٶȼӿ죬лٶҲڼӿ졣
˳һϣֱսӽʱֹͣȡʥ׵ľʥȻûеƾ磬ʥ׼𣬵ڳʥ׵õ֮ྫҲתΪɫģ貵ͬƽɵģǻΧĽɫҲӴ˼֣Լÿһɫڶ̺һ֮⣬Ǳ֮á
̺ŵı֮࣬ʹǲκ˷ǳѹȸУ·һ쵶ͷϣʱһ㡣
лҲֹͣһ½ǣ˵ʹ졣
ҲʮսʾǰһСǽеع鵤ڣлеı仯ϲѡ
޵Ҳʥڵ档
󷨼˸ŵĹΣ͸ĹΣ޵Ҳл֮ϡ
л̤ڡ
һлʧ
һռ䴫󷨣лͬ޵ĵĵص㣬ʥ׵ڡ
Ű֮׽׵лʥ򣬸ӰģܹɵĻЩʥ΢΢ƺ±ȡǵľһ㡣
л״Ц
뵱ڻʥҪаŲʥģʥ׾Լоˬ
һ˵أлĶͨ㿪ˡ
ʮսʵĶͨȫܹǷԲǧ׵ľ룬κӲĶ䣬Ǹǧ׵ķΧڣһжԺģĳֳ
лոտͷ
˿̵Ǹ߼֮׵ڣϻһ꣬ǺȻµꡣ
л̾ѡ
ǻ־յֻǺܵͼļ֮𣬱˵ʥףҪǳʱ䣬ſ֮ﵽɾġ
յļ֮ȴǴɵļ֮ףߵĲ࣬屶ʮľ룬Ҫ֪ױͱȻйƻģҲѹʵϵǶ񵺣˼رϵǰ¾Ǻųǿֻط֮սҲΪܹʤġ
˿̵ڴµꡣ
£һλᣬ㻹еѡһҳֵĻƣԺḴҲԶҵƿ֮£Ѱˡ
µܴ
¾ͱɱģǱռĲл꣬ģ겻ԭһ룬Ҫ帴Ҫſԡ
ԸһһΪЧµǴѣǲӦǻۣҲȻ䳹ɱģֻͬ⣬ΪūĴڣ˵Ī裬ȴֻܡ
ڱü֮꣬Ժ׵꣬Ҳƾˣﵽġ
лԸΪϹᡣ
ʥелһ˿ЦûˣԸ


1702  ɱһ
лĿУв̶Զʦܹͨ۷ľͷȣǴﵽͨ켶Σճ̶ȽþͷģлҪɱĶ֮һ
˷ĳ֣лһʱҪɱĳ嶯
Ǵ˵ʥӿҪˡ
ڴ˵Ĵ׵ǸڵǼ֮״ɵĵطм仹һʥ׽׵ļ֮ףˣҲ赣ܹĴڡ
лĶͨλá
ȥ۲ԺеģĻ𽥵лҲŴ߶Ӵս֧֣Ժиֳı׾ļ֮һ龰ǳ
ʮսʾЧ
Ķͨ޷ɣҲܹǿʾ龰
лһ㷢֣⼫֮׵ȻֹһˣȻֵĴڣһһŮ궼ܴˣӣҲеͼļ֮ס
ɴ˿ɼȷԶ
־ˮϦû˾߱ڷ׷Ҳδеڶ˾֮߱ġ
лҲòĿ࿴
㹻ǿҪСӦˣҪһѳ½ػߡ
޵ʱҲɢĹΣǣǽеٶȴлĵƯڿУ̺ŵĽɫ׵Ҳţ˸ţ·ҵʳ˷ܵزˡ
лܵһǣ
ЩĽɫٵ̽ȥһӱ㽫һɾʥ׸˹ȥп޵ţȡΪܹɹΪ֮׶Ŭǿ޵Ҳʥ׾
лסˣûϿʼ
ҪȽɱط֪ʥˣҲ޷£ģʶ赣ġ
뵽лƱսȭͷ
սһɫҲǿһС֣ȭͷγһ
лȷڵľλãжһ³ֵķָһǼױĶ
һ˸ĺâ̺ű֮ʹ͸һ޵ķ֮⡣
Խеļ֮ףһӱǰ
ͱɱֻһлˣҺܲƣҪĻᡣ
ʶһлҲı֮¡
Ȼһ±ļ֮棬ûҲֻͷųǳ΢һСµ꣬䲻Ҫ֮ɱġ
̺żױ
һֱӽһ΢ļ֮׸ˣǿıըǺµ棬ױҲȥ
ƺһϸһ֮ףǹֵͬʱ̽ץǱ
أ
һѾͽǱըץˡ
ˣµԾܵ൱ĺĲҽУһӱޱȵģ
лҲһû뵽Ȼʹü֮׹Ҫ֪ǻ־ڼ֮޷ü֮ģ֮ܵѹƣļ֮׾Ȼļ֮ûѹƣɴҲٶʾҪȻ־ǿһġ
ԱɱǾԲֵġ
лһ䣬սҲӿҲ֪Ҫնɱ£ȹһأһֱǽսһֻư㣬߶һеļ֮׺˹ȥ
սԼʩչҪá
Ƶļ֮׾Ǵɵģеļ֮׷ǳĽлսԽ룬һм֮׸Ӳƶǰȥ
䣡
м֮׿ɲǼܹ֮ģֻһ±㽫ļ֮׸俪Ѫıˣ±ޱͳֳһ±㱻еļ֮׸ˡ

·ĲҽС
ע֮£׵ɢ
Ӵ¡
£
ŭˡ
£֮䲻µǻǳĿأǰģβŭ
ͬʱҲͷΪ𶯣ιʥ򣬵˭УΪʲôҪɱꡣ
ŭûʧȥǵĳȥ
֪ǽеļ֮ף޷ֿģҪ˵ʥˣŭ֮࣬Ҳ侲ޱȵĵˣ뿪
õռ֮׵ŮҲѸٵĳˡ
ı·ϺȵҲ˭ȻɱˣҾҪóһö˸ŵɫεһ飬ƹˣҳū͵ٻٰɣ
ɣҲĹοٵɢ
漴Ц
ʥлǷһ˿Ц⣬ѾӴԶͨɱ˾Ųʷһ꣬ھҪͷΨһͷˣҪλͷʲô֮
лһƨ
ʥ򣬾Ǵɾʥ棬ͷӲӵһʥ׵ľ
ҪҪ֪ͨƹ죿޵
Ȼ˶ʥôɾʥףΪʲôҪأ㲻ǿʱЩʥǾͿƹǸʲôˣ֣ɱл
޵Ҳһ˷ܵЦ
ܹͨ۷ͷɴǾ˷һ飬лǰŲʷ˵һ꣬ɱһ꣬ǾڣĴ˽ˡ
лʼ
Ũ׵Ԫ֮Ũ񣬼ֱлٶޱȣͬĻʥ׵һЩֱȡʼԼ壬ϵؼǿš
Ҳڵȴ
ûãʥ·㴫΢Ĳ
һǿķ֮·лû˿ƾĶͨȷ˵ػǳңԶ˵أҪ൱һʱģϾǿںײ㣬жºȷġ
ʮ֮Ƿ֮ʥڳֳһ񽣵ģ˸ŵĹ⺮
лԱߣĿš
Ǻ񽣵Ľ⿪ʼһƵĹߣǺȻǷǳۻı֮ǼһѹһеϽ
Щ仯лҲϬ
֪ƹ
ʱƾֹһ㣬Ǳ֮²һ㣬Щʥ׶ÿǼɵһ㡣
ȻּɵлǽɫĿ־ǲһġ
ɵֻʵ΢ѷɫ־Ǹ޷ܵġ
޵﷢˱仯лĽɫҲʼȻ½ƺлʥ֮УҿʼͷųĽɫ磬еʥϵʱ׼ġ
ʲô˸ң
Ǳ֮۵·һǱ֮Ѹٵ
ޣʵġ
һ̵ʵС
ͷ֮һƹһꡣ


1703  ɱ
ƹ쿴ȥҲʮģĺ˵һŹŨü۵ģ䣬˲ɣУһͷɫĶ̷ȥǾ˫ֵһоհ㡣
лĲࡣ
ٻǰģƹֻһ꣬лĿǾӸ£˵ĿҲŸ߸ϵζһһ׵ĸо
лȻһЦûңͷ֮һƹɡ
ߣ
ƹһʹʥһ󲨶һεѹֱͬɽĺˮѹл
ǿлҲӲӵġ
֪һ꣬ҲԳģǾŲʷһĿ£֪ƹһԲھŲʷ˵ģܻǿһߡ
лʶеҺ̬һ󼤵
εѹ㱻Ρ
ƹ겻ɵȻ˫Ŀ侫⣬ܹһƵأɱľŲʷһ꣬л
ǰ֮ǰûңлɵ
㣿ΪҪ㣬ʶ𣿡ƹӵĵ
⻰˵лһΡ
ȷȼĸȷʵûʸƹͷʶģԶͨ;ŲʷʶϤҲΪǲɸ˵ĿİˣȻͬлӵġ
Ҫ˵˲ţеǣÿһܹΪͨ쾳Ķ֮ţܷɳǻ£ʶûɳ֮ǰᱻȾͷġ
֣ǰδ֣л
֣޷ǷԼݵһϷˣʮֻ۵һףŲʷ˵ƣ׾٣ʦڣ޷Ϊǲɸ˵ĿģλҲμӡƹĵҲμӣһ˵걻ն𡣡
лԣĿһǱ֮۵񽣣ƹյ񽣣ķǳ
ڿڣƹתлԶͨѡеģûʲôģҵӪ׳һ꣬Ϊգƾ֮츳ǱұΪͨ۷弶ͷԸ⡣
һꣿ
ǵǸƹ쵱ū
лεĸһǣοͬ⣬Цƹ죬Ҳ̫߹Լ˰ɣΪ㲻ɣʹõٻַұΪûôΪ޷в
֪ߵغ񣡡ƹʱŭ̱һεǱ֮۶ɵĽҲһƵı֮ںϣһлȥ
л֮̽ʶڣܵĵҺ̬籩ϯȥ
һ֣ɫʮ⣬˸һ޵תţ·һ㣬һӽС
žžž
ʱ顣
лҺ̬Ҳˡ
ѹܹɱŲʷһֻ꣬ϧܹõȲ̫ˡƹЦ˵֮ǾŲʷ˵һҪǿĶࡣ
л״Ʈȥ
ͬʱ޵ܵʥ׼̱һʥ׶һǿֲ
䣡

һûʣ£𵴵ƹһһҵҡΣǱ֮۵񽣽ⶼһѺۡ
ƹ겻ɴһȻԿʥ
ȻθŲʷһ걻ɱǾɱһɡлߵɱ
޵Ȼûʥ֮ڡ
̼䣬еʥ׶·һ뿪ˮɢĿֲ㹻ƹ챾嶼ЩɵģҪ˵ֻһˡ
֮ƹϺȵ
ͿǱ֮۶ɵ΢΢ĲѸٵԭѺҲٵֺϣһһ׳ƹУ㡣
žžžž
ЩŵʥɢĹͳͳƷȥ
ƹЦʥ׺ǿǷȫпܻɱͷڣϧǵʥǧ֮һӳе˸ĺâָлǳ
񽣣л⽣ԶʥʵϢ
˽Ľƹ챾ŵ񽣵ϱ֮۶ɵġ
ĸ֪Զʥʵ񽣣ԶʥΪԶͨصͷֻɱ񽣱㱻ģȻѾƣϾںģմȾԶʥѪ֮ͨ켶ҲѶãͨ켶ûеƹȻƾ񽣣˭Ҷ֣лˣǳ
ѡлĻ䣬󻺻һӲӵ
𣡡
޵ҲһҰ˻
ɲǼ䣬޵ڱһɵĹֱӳӲӵڣڱĽɫֱӿЩʥ֮ڣʹʥ̼䱩ɢȸղŸӿֱֲӺɱȥ
ƹ״Ҳ¶֮ɫȴżһֱӵǽӲӵڡ
Ҫݻ
񽣽У̱·𷢷ƵؾȡڵŨı֮
ǳԽʥ׵Ľףƹ꾪
лѿڶ֪
лյҪףĿǰ֮ףԶͨ;Ųʷ֪ģƹȴǱлδɳˣ̫Ź°ӱˣĺǷǳصġ
񽣱ȡ
̼񽣱ڣ䱾ǴԶʥ񽣵һӾͱˣǱ߶ʥҲ谭ĺǿƥƹһ棬ֱӽ顣
һɾʥˮܿƾŲʷ˵һ꣬еʥ֣ƹһûκεĵֿͱɱˡ
ͨͨҲĨƽˡ
ԺƹҪٶͨ˼磬´ͨҪѵʱ䶼Ǻܾ˵ġ

лһĨɱƹɣûоŲʷһôĶǣһЩĵģϾǾͷĴڣſֲ񽣣սǿġ
ȡ֮Ӳӵɢķ֮ˡ
޵ٶȴ߶ʼȡʥ׵ľлҲʥ׵ĵص㿪ʼ
ŨԪʥ׾޲ء
лսٵţ׽ҲϵţоػʥҲʼתı仯öػ֮ܵĸı䣬ö׵ػ֮ܣҲǴġ
ԼСʱֹ֮ͣȡʥ׾
Ѿﵽ͵״̬Դ˿ʼŰ֮׽Ľף޵ҲƣҪٶȽ˯С
лȻҲףڿԳʱţϻҪȥ峤˲ã뿪ģоҪ뿪Ѻѵã¿Ǹơ
ֻܷ
ֻСʱޣʵҲ൱ĳػʥǳ֮


1704  Ҳǹġһ
ڿ޵İ£лع
߲ɣֻǸоȴкܶĲ֮ͬǰİ֮׽׳ɹֻڼУʿΪ㣬أһжգ׽̫Ĺģڸĵսػʥزôлԣ̫ˣԺδ·Ҫɵض̫࣬ĲۣĿ顣
޵ռָ
лܣϵڣͬ磬ֻǰſԡ
ʶлһ뷨취һܹʱȡͻƣǿƽ֮ǰ𾳽磬ôԣŷǳãʱ򣬱˼ĺУԼĵǰˡ
ûлٵռ䴫󷨡
˵ʥףҲжٵİл߳ȥ뷨һľ
ͬʱһɾ˵
ʧȥʥ׺ͽ׵ףȻ׺׷ڣܹǿķġ
ǿֲȻһ±ҵĶлоһ˿Ŀֲѹ޷վΣɼôĿֲл֮ʣ⣬ĵطȥ
ȻĽڡ
ã
лɫ΢䣬ʮսʶδܹܵסǸոմﵽ˽սʾܹܡ
֮£л
һնֱǽڣ㿴ػص֣ǾŽս۷弶Ķ籩ѹ޷һ첱ӴֵƴֵţԾ޷סϵȥ
ɴ˿ɼĿֲ
εֿ
лХһҪڵҪţֱ̤Щѹֱӳɱȥ
ػʥʣ޾ĳ
һֱӳɱȥˡ
ɽڣ㿴ۻԪŨѾ۳ˮھɽڴԼʮ׵ĵطһսǣ򲻼ټƾлĶͨȻܹھǸսǲԶĵط
ͽ롣
ˡ
ŨصԪ˲·ܵĳִ̼һ㣬ǿߣХлǰ㻯˺Ƶء
лһֱǰ
Ǻƺֱӱײ飬лͺһαһ㣬ȥκ޷谭ǰ벽
һĻڸϹЩˮҲȻ
һֻ̤𾳽ĸִ˿ڽһʮĶʱչأһŲ֪ȻҲûǰ
лսǴʱеѹȻǿʮ
˿ֲѹлȻ룬ϢһԿܵĸоһսӿסΣҲǰһУֻͨڣˮӵŨأԶԣˮأǴԪ۶ɵģˮ֮˵Ƿǳɹ۵ġ
л׵ĵطƯڿУš
˶ЩǣȻ˿Ӱ죬ǽһǳ˵Ķڡ
л׵ľ룬ܹоĶÿһųٶлеĽԼŮˣҪˣʵ̫̫ˡ
лԼ㣬ٶȣ²ʮµģͿܴӳ˽սֱɱŽսʵľ硣
ò̾ǰػ֮ĺܿ¡
Ȼлȵˮ֮ģνˮ֮ģһֺصĴڣɾˮܹͬˮԵһУԪǳ
ˮ֮ڷЩԪ΢ı仯εı仯лҲ˵һԱ仯ǳ֮ġ
л״ҲͰˡ
仯ӦԼģˮ֮йŶԣлǿѹһ˵ԪʺԼԣѹȴźܴİû뿪͵ʼǿµѹʼԼ
ˣлڵҲ糣ţΧŵĽɫƺлѾ˸ܵϵԶɢлϣţЩŨصԪˮǢ֮󣬾ȻתΪϵԪҲܹлս
лЩ֮ϲˡ
ɫƺܲǸö෢ǣܹĿƣǺܴһ
лȻֵ
ͣͺܲˬڵǿȫץʱˣսҲ൱ٶȵ
Ҳ֪˶ãлеԼ𲽵ǷϣҪȥԼʱ򣬶ߴһ
ŤͷȥֻˮϦͨ죬ǿǾ˵Ϊ֮ˮʱˮԵʣҲ޷ʹãֻƾ豾ֿûм֮ˮˮϦս½ܶ౶ģлɵؽܵģ֮лĲǾ޴޷ֿҲ֮еġ
лǿţǿĲӣҲǰ̾һԸŮˣȻ൱ɾ͵ģ䣬־ؼġ
̫ǿȫϣ߶Ĺճˡ
лܹԼɼµĺۼ˵Ĵ̼źǰĲҲˡ
ʲôˮϦеǰĪȣ̧ͷһлֱĶţʱ߾ԺиֱлҧزḶ́һң㱻Ҫɳȥ
ˣˣˮϦҲᶪģϾˮˮͬҲˮĸ֣ڶģ侮ʯǿɾˡ
Сģ
лͺһһץסˮϦֱۣһˮϦҲƴǰ壬ˮϦһӱײлĻУһܽӴ
лŵͷδ㿪һӡˮϦĶͷϡ
ȻĻԲл㲻ģ϶һǹġ
ֻˮϦȴ֪ʱĺƴ첼
æŤͷ㿪Ǹһ͸еһʤˣʪ͸ˣʱ̣ûô⣬Ͼˮ֮˵һ죬߸µģˮϦ𾳽İǷǳ֮ġ
ʶûô⣬ֱʱŸо΢һǰһԱ㱻Ħһ£ʱֵĸоЩӦелҲ̼ܵĳطԾԾԣ״̬ҲˮϦоˡ


1705  Ҳǹġ
ǿҵĸо̼лҪˣˮϦݱʹŷǳǿҵлԽӵİ
ܹҡлϽԼһߡ
ˮϦѿڽгǸоʵƽδйľӵĴ̼
ɫǣ
ˮϦҪѪˡ
Ȼһƿл
˸շֿʱǿֲĳ㽫ˮϦ𵴵ٶҪƮлæһ
ٶײһ
οĳطݺݵĶһ£ͬʱглǸطûôػʥģɵ죬СˮϦһ㣬̲סЦá
лһЦ
ҡлҪ˵
ˮϦһãȻѹ㣬ͻˣʮսʾˣ
ٺ٣ҶѡлЦ
ѹ֣Ҷ޷ֿɿֲѹ㾹Ȼܹɵصֵǿ׳ˮϦָл״ţǺűըļ⣬޲ΪŮ˵ˮϦеһ
лͦţĿǰں϶ɵģȻţϸ
ˮϦʶľȥ֮һ٣߷ߣԼô˾ٶһ侲һθоһء
ǰظš
˸ţĳ̵ĵط
ţſҡˮϦ
Ҫȥлʵ
ˮϦǰǽ̬ٶȣһҧҲȥҪˮʱʱ̣һˮ֮ɱ仯ͻָ̬Ҫᣬϣһֻ̤𾳽磬ˮɳ𾳽ˡ
㡭л
վҺ棬һ£ҼƬ̣ˡˮϦ
ã
лͷת壬ĦˮϦ壬ˮϦ޵
ģˮϦͨһƬ
Ҳǹġл˵ŶеԼͨ죬Ƥûսǰĺʵء
ָоĺܰ
ˮϦɴ۾ǲģٱл뻳УֻĪķһЩ
ںܿ˱һЩ롣
лһˮϦı
ǿĳٶˮϦϣǿĳһӱ㽫ˮϦٶȵˡ
лˮϦе
лƺһ˫̤أεվȣˮϦصײлĻУ㽫лײվȡ
ץ仳еˮϦҲһͳʹУԭлʯͷҪӲ֪ٱء
ҲæվΡ
ˮϦҪȫˣʮս۷弶ҲޱļȫĵֿǷԪ
ÿÿһΣһ
лİ֮£˰СʱˮϦĵֿӲ㹻࣬ʹܹԼȶ
֮ܵҪˮϦͬܵһѹơ
ȹˮϦվȣٵʼԪԼĶ
л
һл㱻ǰǵѪˮϦϣⱳֲ˵λã۾ܹ͸ڵĵطʵ˷
һлŬԼƽ
Ҳ
˱ҹлŽٿŮΪԾԱ̬ٶţˮϦٶҲ𾳽İǷǳ֮ġ
лȻ뿪ˡ
ҪȥԼ
峤˲ü棬̫ʣҪŪˣ뿪أʩչ뿪ˮ
ʮսʾ磬ĿޣлҲʵ൱ľֻδȫʩչ˷ȫӳӦ˲Ϣǳǧ߰׵ľ롣
һжٵĺ˵ļٳʵ˷ܰ
лֻǼ䣬㵽ɽ
ɽΪҲ׳ĺܣƺبڳǵһֻ˯ħޣڳǸֳ֡
ڳӴ۶Ķ࣬˵ǳǣʵռЩĶࡣ
վɽߣܹڵɽҲܹŽ壬һȸסĵط
˵صĿ£ҹ䣬л˫ֵǽµڳǣɵҪһ̤ڽµĳ嶯
лλڳĵķ񹬣ǹŽͱѩפأҲһפأŽ壬ѩѾǵ֧ߣһ֧֣Ѫ֮ˣҲ̬Ȳȷ֧֣ôһͷġ
ԱҪ취Ƴǵϡ
ȽѰ죬ǱǿԶ乹вŽҲˣΨбѩȱڣѩȴŽ£ȱھ塣
βѡԼأ
峤˲õļ棬һҪ⡣
˼⣬л͸едһ΢һӰԶٵǰ
лĶͨ㿴峤˲á
ÿһ˶ǵκжģĻܶ˶һġ
˷ۿ˲õٶȣлҲֻ˵óٶȡ
ֻΣûչֵĻˡ
˲ÿɽ´ţֹ˷֣Ҳڸ߿շеģлӵķ㡣
ܿ죬˲ñɽߡ
лپõˡ˲õ
лЦҲǸյģ峤ʱ򡣡
վɽߣһɽ¡
˲òûἰ˴ԼлǰĿģһָǷ񹬣ǰ죬Ҿ񹬷淢飬лΪ
峤أлЦŷʵ
䲻֪ʱ˭ôľѹȣֱ߱峤ܹһ㣬÷̵ֻģ˼ҲΨлһ˰ɡ˲õ
лʼ磬峤̫佱ˡ
⻰ɳˡ
ڵֵǿֲ˲ΪֹǼ£лϣĻһ£лɱǷ
ţŲʷ˵һꡣлҲûûҪ֪ɵġ
˲ƽɫ΢䡣
Ųʷˣͷ֮һ
һжôĿ£ֱ󣬾ȻлݻˣʲôǺ˲ľҲܵǿҵ𺳣һʱ޷ϢֻΪǷ弸ǿֵˡ
лͲ¾Ųʷ˱𣿡˲õ
лȻһЦ峤ʥעеģûд£Ȼеĸ֡
ʥҪΪˣ˲õ
ˡлȻ峤ˣҾ뷨ҾҪΪУʥһ֮ϣ
˲üͷһ壬Ҳл̫ˡ
תһ룬олǺƵ黳Ҳ˵ˣ㲻ˣҲҪУôҲҪ翹ģô֮£ǳܱȵġ


1706  ľһ
ʵȴǲпġ
磬ħЩͷĵطǵ֮ǿԶԶʥǵһ׾ٵĽʥģʥżǱĽ֡
뷨ǰ峤˲Щùˡ
л˸һ۵ǱʣܷɳһǺشͻ֮
˲õЩԥˡ
ں˲ԼԼǰĿģлԼܹ²⵽һģڿ˲õı֣Ҳ֮С
ţڽ쵽ʱһһ飬֪峤ûȤ֪лЦ
л뽲˲֪ȻҲǼ򵥵顣
л΢΢һЦɱƹһꡣ
ȣ
Ǻ˲׼⻰Ծ㱻ˮǺЩ͸е㷢ˣʵ̫ˡ
ƹ죬ͷΨһࡣ
Ųʷ˲еĳǿߡ
ȻҲɱһ꣬˲õһӦǲܣֱе췽ҹ̷лȴûƭıҪ
峤ܳԾɡлԶ˶ڣվڽǰȴ˸оĴڡ
ԾǳԾл׿ԣҾš˲˵
лЦ˵ԼţҾȻɱͷһ꣬Ҳ֤гһգܹǵıֻ㹻ʱ䣬ʲô漣Է
൱š
ǹҲӰ˺˲õľ
ҳϣʱʥȺŴ񼣣ѹ磬ʥƿߵλǣл٣ʥȱٵǡǡʱ䣡峤˲ֱԲĵһڡ
лҡҡͷǰǰţҵȷ޷Ӯ㹻ʱ䣬ڣѾ㹻ʱ䡣˵Ťͷ˲ãȻ峤ΪҸ˵ΪɱͷһǾõңʥڵˣҲǿɵɱҵġ
˲΢΢һ԰ȷǸ⡣
лûаյĻѵͲߵ˶֣ɱлϵ׽ˣȴʵǱͨģȫΪѪȾģлȴ£Ϊʲô
лΪʲôҪ˵Լ㹻ʱˣ
峤ǲǺ֣л
˲õûǳ֡
峤Ϊʥˣұص棬ڣ峤£ʥ߻ܡл
㲻˵Ҳܲ²ĵʥӦĳֶΣ൱ʱڣ֮ҵǣ߶Ƕ֣ɶԣ˲õ
лЦŵͷ
˲˳Ĭ˼⡣
лҲûпڡ
˾ĬĬվɽߣŷҹ棬ҹĻµڳǡ
ã˲òſڵлٶԷôһ
ûоǸ⣬תƵ˷巽档
л֪⵽˺˲Ĺؼʱ̣ÿһ⣬ܾжϣҲ˾
һ壬л˵쳣ᶨ
˲õлΪ˽
ν˼磬޷Ǿȡ˻ʺϹʥʵʤʵѣǸûʲôǵĿҲΪΪȺ˼ƣȻڵİ˴塣лûнı˵ʵҲûҪıʥǣڲʥǵ˵Ǹûжĸоġ
ŶҲãҲգȴߡ˲ûƺһ˼
ı֣лһ
ȷǷʱ䣬ɹףһҪǾʱһжԹҪһߣܹȥģʲô϶Ƿƨں˲õܹҪĿꡣ
򣬶ܹ磬ħ翹ģôǿȻѡĿꡣ
峤ùŽ͹ȣǸǿһЩлʼ뱻ȥ⡣
Žǿ˲öⷽ滹ǺܿģŽǿǺ֪ģȫսʣǺεȵ
лĵŽǷǸԹ壿
˲ɫһŽԹһŽնУǿĵˣҲ
ȴΪʵ֧ߣл
ΪҲǱƲѵѡ񡣡˲õ
лƽĵȴΪ˶ģ˵̹׵㣬ھͬһʵĹ
л٣Թ˰ɣ˲ñ
ʹίȫҪͶ壬Ҳʲôʵ߹ˡ
֣ʵлĵȻŽˣʵԼŪΪġ
˲ñ¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫʲô˼
лͽ徭ϸ˵һ飬еϹǿפ񵺣ĿıˣǵҪĿǹŽ壬ɹʹַɹ֮󣬽ž壬ֻǱƻˣȻ峤ԲţǹŽһԹ壬ִܹзҲΪʲôġ
峤ѿ֮
ȷ֪ġ
ԭΪŽΪŲòˣȻôһ£Ǳƿصġ
ôһӪҲˡ
ĻԺ󶼿ܳΪΣʱ̵ڻңõ֣壬ǵõҪԴҲδػġ
ŶˣһҪ峤һ£ҵõ˻ʺͺµһЩԣҪɹҪʮ˵ΪۣھʲôҲ̫ǷҪһЩǵѪҲ룬˲ĲٶʥǱȻ֮Ϊеģл
˲Բʲôʮ˵
Ӧò٣˻ʺͺʻڣҪ֤Ҳܼ򵥵ģ峤಻ҵĻǾһˡл
κ˲ó׳Ĭˡ
оԼƺڴһ˵ĴııлƺѾյһ֣ԲŻȻѡΪеĵ·о˻ʣʣϹʥʣЩ˺Ҳлߵĵ·ͨʮдɫʵˣΪλлһĵ·ѵûԭ
һֱֻΪӾԵʿлû뵽Ȼ˵Ļ
ла㹻ʱ𣿡˲õ
лȻһЦǲӣ㹻İ翹⣬ٽ磬峤ɲҪŪ˸
лôţ˲õ
ȻлȻͷͷ֣ʥȻһ糣˿ɴǰͰѸٷչļƻ
˲ñлǾԵš
Щҡˡ
壬ܽģȴҪίȫϣǱ𲻵ѣȻѡ
лܹа취Ȼֵýܡ
ƫƫлǲ͸¶ʲôܹţ˲һˣл˵ʵҲڿľ񣬶ѾƵ˵زȻԥǾԺʥǣ˼һ
˱̬ʱˡ


1707  ľ
˲÷ԼѾأ֮ǰֻɺӾԸһ뷨Ѿ룬Ǿ̸֮뷨˺ܴı仯ǹŽ
Ϊһ峤ίȫܹ
ɾ޷ƹŽǰ㾳أΪĽϳɨأļʸġ
лĿź˲ã͸¶ռϢ
һ˼峤Ǹƶûغδľǵܹ⼴սȥؼģ֪Ҫʮ˵ΪۣҲԾɻѡΪʤһΨʤ߲дʷ
ҹХ
ҹĻУǳ׺һ¹ʣܾĵģһƬл޵ķŴ
Ҳ޵Ŀ
лˮǷ֮ľ۷棬ѾԽԽʹ۽ؿʼܹҪ̫ʱ䣬ɼ򵥵Ŀһֵۡ
͸ֹˮ羵Ӱĺнɽ
ۿһ˵ĵи񣬴ﵽ˾̾ĵزǹΣܹ׽һЩ仯ġ
ʱл㲶׽Ժ˲ĵ˽սΪѵû˼ȥ飬ϾغԺ˲˵ҪҪǧٱġ
л΢΢һЦ峤ɷҽһ£顣
˼·ϣ˲һźĵλܷõϿɣһжҪԵֺͻÿһļ¼ȡһ긽ע棬Ϊﵽʮս֮󣬷ʹһδﵽʮսʱôǰһСʱڵһоһ¼ҽߵҲ£һЩǰһЩ뷨ģɱӾḶ́Լ˶ˣӾ뷨ǣҪ뿪֣죬תͶʥǣ
ȻлЩԼĶ䡣
浹ûʲôɺӾǱɱģúӾ񹭣ǿ˵Ƕ裬Ȼ˾
ʱл֣죬䶯սı˿˵޹ʿԣɱȴΪᣬӺӾ˵Ȼ㣬ǴķչȴϿ㣬ϣѡ֧㡣˲˵Щܹռǰ뷨飬Ҳֻһ˵δʮսǰȥļ¼Ҫ֤ʶлٵ飬лٽǰԶͣ£Ҳ֤һ㣬һжʵġ
лĵ
˲˵꣬üЩӡ
ϾӾλģǿδմȨ֮һǰ˾Ϊ峤ĺӾӵġ
ｻսЩƫˡ
лһЦʱѯ飬صĺӾ뷨˲һжб
ȻӾɲΪһ˵ԵʾģǺӾ뷨Ӱͻġ
峤ϹʲôлһȫҪ£
˲һлἰϹʲô˼Ϲ壬֪Ĳֻ࣬˵ϹʱƺܾԶȴʼշչΪֹƺڷѰϹµıء
ΪϹѪлЦǺǵĵ
Ѫ˲þе
壬෢չԴǶķߣķߣҲǿĸһ춼塣
˲ĵѹ֣ѹַ嶼ڰнþһа취ѰϹıأԭˣԭˡ
Ϲ廹һĶҲߴܹĹؼǾܾл˵
ܾ˲һ
ܾһһܾѾ֪ණνܾ˵ǳʺأأһܾͨ۷ͷδܹѰĵ
Ȼ뵽ʥǷҵӴܾˣʶıЩͷҵѸٳɳء
ܾ㲻Ķлָĵ
˲ͷȻһֻܾǲĶǷ˵ʥյıܾظĶأܾˣǳԽܾĻԲõıЩͷѰġ
ǻʲôأ
˲õﷺֹ
Ϊ˵Ѿ㹻˲ñ̬ˣл㾲վһԣȴ˲õĻش֪Ȼ˳˼ƺ׳Խܾʲô
һлԺ˲Щʧ
̫Ѷˡ
Ѿ˵˵زȻᣬлʧѶϵ峤ܹ⼴սȥ
峤һҪ£һˡлĵתߡ
˲ȻѹſԤԣҲû˵ʲô
⻺елȴԼǿԵģȻûԼл̼ȥ
Ժ˲úʧ
ԭΪԼ棬һ̬ȷ棬ǰѣȻǸˬ֮ˣû뵽ȴ㡣
ʧ
лҲüĽ̸ľͶʥǣôԼģ˲õԥѾֵˣ˽սؼڣҪһԥʲôʧ
ûбҪںͺ˲ý̸ˡ
ֱлıӰʧдеУ˲òЩɬһЦҲеԼԥƺлʧ뵽̾һֻ÷壬ٿϻˡ
˲÷ֵлЩʹ졣
شʮ׵ƮţԺ˲뷨жϣڷûôעΧ
ֲԾʱѾΧ£ˡ
߸˾㶼ΪôߣҲǰ˽սҵʵһл͸еռָڵ۲
Ѫ֮ˡ
лЩ⣬Ѫ֮ѵ֪Լ𣬾ȻüѪ߸˽սԸԼƺ
һ˿ɻ󣬾ͷ˿;УȻٵڵĶļ
Ա
лͷ˾ȻɱķʽԼͬھֶҲ̫һЩɡ
ӦѾԼʮס
˽սԱǾʮս۷弶ĸҲ޷ȫֿģο˵Ա
ܹɽɨƽˣлڼٶȿ쵽ޣ˲ϢǧףҲӳըΧڵġ
˵ޱֶˡ
֪أֶˡ
лһŨصɱ⣬ҪѪ֮նɱͷģǲɱһڣܱ¶ǵݣѪˣʥǷѾȫˣ赣ôˡ


1708  ֱָһ塾һ
Ƶ磡

ʱ䲻ģлᣬϾ˾ԼֻʮףٶޣһĻԱ֮ǰնɱġ
лӰˢһ£ƻһӰ
ԭʧٶȳѾǰһ˵ĽǰЩ˽սʸûŵģԸûʲôַ֮ġ
أ
лһָ˵ͷ­
Դը
˲̵ֶҲʾлŭѾﵽˣɱ죬һָˣѸٵ֡
ݡ
һĹȥ
ҪԱ֮ǰͳͳնɱ
ۡ
һܼѪⱬ
˵лսĨɱ޷ԱʣȴϱһĹʣӲڵסлĹ
ǵԱҲʱ̡
лǷĿ£Ҫ¡
Σʱ̣һӰԿĽлҪԾĵزɲǼ䵽Ⱔŵ
ۣۣ
һɭɭĨ
ҪԱ֮˵Դն¡
л̧ͷһֻվڽǰЦеĿ˷ǱˣǺųƾм֮磬ٶȵһķ׷磡
㣿леЩ⡣
ɡ׷
лͷ⣬֪ģɱ
׷ûҵݣҰ㣬ΪĶӣҲǺҵݡ
㣿лԣһ
ûҲǺҵݣĸ;˾˺ĸǱֵܣţĸ׵ĸ׺ȻǱֵܣȴʮ꣬굽ʮĻƽʱ䣬Ǹҵġ׷Ц
˵Ż׷óһ׸л
ӹлЩɡ
׷ȻǺҵݣģôԼĹעҲͿˡ
л򿪻ͷһ𣬲ҪȥԼ飬϶⻭ҲĸױƵġ

һʮģָʮһ̥ǣۣӾǷ׷磻һָŮ˵Ҳһ̥ǣʾͼеָ꣬Ůϡɼͺ塣
ڿţ׷ЦСѾͷǻ纣ûдһţһֱǻ滭ģ˵ſģ£ģ£ΪעѪѪ֮ˣ֪Ƶġ
ûȷĸ׻ġлͷҡ
׷ڰ֣㻹ǳҷɣĸ϶񵺣ڷ񵺣͵ҵˡ
ûĸףлȴһָоĸǻ纣ľŮӣģκһΪܺġ
֪⵽Ѫ֮˴ɱģлѾԷ׷粻ٻɡ
׷һҵˣң˵巽洫Ϣ㽫ͺ˲ɽ棬Ҿ͸ˣյͿɱЩΧˡ
巽͸¶Ϣһ壿ãѪ֮˵ڼ飡лɫ΢䣬˲Σգ
ͣȥ
׷ԣҲԾ˵ٶȿ쭳ȥ
һǰһǰȥפطȥ
壬ȻʲôϻᣬմȨĻ峤лͺ˲ý棬ôڼ鴫ϢĿȻҪƻˣǷҪɱ˲أ˲ˣǸڼΪ峤Ļǿ塣
ԼȻڼ飬ȻԺ˲õĴɱ
ǣĻԼ˲֮ǰѾн˼Żġ
лͷ׷罫ٶȷӵޣ˲Ϣǧ׵ľ롣
ɲǼԽɽԶԶľͿһɱսڽУصʬ壬ǿĺ˲ɱĽڽڰˡ
˵˲òǶ֣óԶĶȷʵȵս޷ӳԶսơ
𣡡
л׳Х

Ҳް㱣ˢһ£ٶȾȻӲٶ֣һ±㽫׷˦˽߰Զ
ٶ÷׷綼Ϊ֮Ȼ
̫ˡ
м֮ģں϶ɵȻǲлݣԾ
ǹ˲õظҲһۿлͷ׷硣
תߡ
ߵ𣡡лȵһһ貵Ĺ⻪ڳнõʱ֡
лʱ侲ֹΪѾͬȼĸֽʱҲǼӳࡣ
ʱһ֣ѸٷŴҪС
֪лʱнãһһ㱬һ¾ͽʱָݻˡ
Ҳٶһ
лȻϵǰԼ߰׵ĵطżȭ׵ȭͷձһȭصĺȥ
أ
һȭֵ
һƮ
˸ոƮˣ׷ѾɽѹһĽ䣬˫ȭصĺ£ֻӲӲЯż֮˫ȭӲǽҵ˫ȰݵֱϥǵĵطƺһһѪ
ಣ
˲õҲڴʱһ
Ǽһ㻯һ㺮ǣ˲Ϣ쵽˼£̺;׵˵ҧٶȻȭóĻᶼûС
أ
Ѫɡ
˵ұ۱ϣҲѣѺۣѪֱҽطصĵ棬ϵĶҲˣ¶Ŀ
峤˲ǰһɫ䣬̫ϳϣ
ЩϹǿУν̫ϳϣǾΪѾһֻ̤𾳽ģֻҪһ̳𾳽磬峤˲õĳҲ峤ߴϼʵȨڵߵġ
ѾѪѾ͸ˣл
˲ϼһ鶯ǰбסߵȻٻţл֪Ѫģ֪һܵΧġ
Ҳ⵽Ƿ֣Ҳ⣬ֵľѪ֮ˣҸҵõϢԼڴˣ͸¶ϢѪ֮˵ģѾѪλᱳɱ峤л
鶼չزˣҲݲú˲òˡ
Լصˣ޺޵ĵ磡
峤벻Ѫ֮һ̵Ľѵл
л֪ǲ֮˲õ
лһѪаƵݲȷϢӥˣѪ֮ҲС
˲ɫ䣬һѪ֮˿Ƶģ⣬⡭
ʵлѾʲôز峤Դλ̫ϳϿе֪˵㲻Ǻ˲á
֪Լ֮ǰԥлԼЩ̫ĺ˲Ҳûл̬ȣֱ߹ȥɴ಻ȥѯʣǶȡλ̫ϳϵļ䡣
ǣ˲õɫԽԽҰףԽԽѿ


1709  ֱָһ塾
лͷ׷˺˲õȻǼȵ𾪣õļ䣬Խܵĵزˡ
ã˲òÿơ
ޱĶ̫ϳϣȻ񹭱˹ȥ
䣡
̫ϳֱӱҵ뿪ı߿գкȻ飬Ѫꡣ
˲ýץ񹭣Щĵ峤Ҫȥһɱˣ

лͷ׷һۣҲڿն
һĿһפء
㱻ԱɱлҲ׵ŭˣ֮ǰֻ̣ǲϣһı¶ʹʥеѪ֮ˣڼͳͳ޷ڲ˵ռĴڣԼ⵽ƣҲŭ죬ɱⰻȻ
Ǿͬϯȥ
ٶǵչʾ֮£Ѿ÷綼ҪȻʧɫ
뿪ɽϽǾͿһȺ˴Լһٶ࣬ѸٵϷȥƺҪ뿪ڳǡ
лĿһ۾֮ܵˡ
ʦ
˵¹£Լɼ࣬лҪɱʦеĻда壬ӥĸ֣ĸ֣һ˸оǺǿߣӦĺᡣ

лһţʧڵ¡
˲úͷ׷һۣĬֱʣˣĲԸҪȥǰ飬ȻĬϡ
ϡ
˻춯ء
չ˫ԪĲ˲һѱ㽫˳
ž
֮ϣȻֱ״̬ңңָһȺˡ
׷Ҳֱ죬֮ҰĺХţȫħһ㣬ѹʮ
ǵⷬٶʱȺ˵ע⡣
峤˲ã
׷磡
ֱӽ˵֡
˲ÿ˫γɿ磬ķɳʯһ綼ͬҪΪ֮
Ҳ̵֮ڡ
˵ĺ˲òǿսһǿҲɴ߶
ãǿʦһ߶Ϻȵ
һٶ˼̱жǿʮֽʦ֪ǰȻģǸǷġ
ʮ֣ǵڿٵڣǰγһ޴ܣبǰ
ϡ
˻
һʱ䣬Ԫӿ
˲Ҳɿ֣ǹҲһŶĿ⣬һӱ㽫Ƭػɫ磬ǽֱ͸죬˵ע⣬ǿڳǵ˶䶯ˣĿòǰƵˣȻ֪ı֡
ʱڳǸ䶯ˡ
һ⣬ȥ
һ̣ʧ
ΨĸƵǧ
ȫػʦϺȵһֻ̤𾳽ĸ֣һ±ӦǿֲЯԿλֶҪɵĿֲһ
ʮֿ˻һޱĳ
ǵʵҲǸˣﵽ˷ǷĵزǿѾʮս۷弶ַƽķ
˾ͺǿһǿײ
ݣ
ĺХ
һ㣬ػ档
䣡
⻪䡣
ǷƺȻѣĽɫ꣬ǶƺȻ飬ʮҲʹ˷ɳȥ
Ҳƫ뷽Զ
һ֮׷綼Ϊ֮Ȼ峤˲ĺֲܿ۸սΪս⣬ֻܹطһǿߵĵλɡ
̫ǿˡ
׷Ҳ̴Ӹ߿ɱȥ
ٶҲӳһϯ֮񽣣ۻ׹£ײء
ʦŭһ𣬻ӽֵ

ײͬʱغ͸߿շɳȥ
Ҳһ˲䣬ʦʶһȥ׵ľ룬վĵطл˳
ر˳ƺɨ
ˢ
ֱɱȥ
ʦ۵û˿ľţ¶һĨЦһһ񵶳֣һ㣬žһǵⱻ飬ҲӰεģ˵һֱӳɱ
㲻ʦл
û뵽ȻǸٵģŷǷʵ˼ٰģһжϴ󣬼
лʶĺǰ

Ǽʦ񵶵Ҳлĵ֮ϣ񱩵Ȼɢһӽ׼л󵹷ɳȥ
αװҲԶʧ¶һʮò
ͷһɺͬĵ̣¹Եø
˵񱩾л˼һˣܹҪǵˣҹбҪʲôʸֵǡЦ
лۣŹУһжʦΪɡ
ûʦԤ⵽һɱ٣صذҵǰģֻû뵽ȻлдЦ
ʦԤδǻ׾㶼Ԥ⡣
ţʥ˵Ǿѡ
лѸٵԼƽĶͨȫ峤סǣȥɱʦ
ˣ׷趯ֱ֮ӻһ磬ҪЩͳͳĸС
ಣ
񽣳նӲ⴩͸֮磬߿յķ׷磬ͬʱɨһնɱ峤˲á
Ȼһս
ӲǸлᣬ赲л뿪˵أͬʱʮֵеʮս۷弶ҲҰĳɱֱɱ˲ú׷ˣһٶͳͳĳȥӲǷΧ£ˡ
ߺ͹бҪɱл
Ҫߣҹе˵пţӵ׺ݵնȥ
Ҳͬһĳ
˳ʵĿ֮ǵսɶǲѷɫ˲ã׷ȳǿߵġ
ػ֮ܣ
лһöػ֮ͬʱ֣Ѹٵĵһ𣬹һ޴ػ֮ܣײߵ񽣡
أ
Ӳ֮£ߵ񽣱㵲סˣػ֮ûѣֻǳּѺ۰ˣɼлػʥѾ˳Ľ
ͬʱ񵶳
ױ
лɲٴζ˵ڵʦأǾʹʧ˻ɱĻᡣ
սӿڵĽɫҲȻ
ںϣȭ׼ӳֱ֣ڣһɾ˵ķ֮ڱʹų˵ѹ
䣡
񵶿ȥ
񵶱ޱײһ

е񵶲δնϣǿļױɢ˹еĶϾǶİ˱ϸӱ̬Ľɫ硣
񱩵һ±ֱӽиļѪ˵ɳȥ
л㽫ٶȷӵޣ쭳ȥ
Ĺ׷ʵģҪӽնл뿪
ݣ
߸ովٽХѵǰ
һ֧
ȴ峤˲Χ֮УȻܹģȵֻתӦµһ
лգۼʧǰ
пһĵŭ׷ɱȥҲʧҹĻ֮С
˲Ϣǧ׵лһ⻮ҹգǺǰٶȣ˸ע⣬׷׵ȥķһפسȥ


1710  ߣһ
һλڷ񹬵Ϸ򣬾벻ǺңԶҲǿڳǵıԵشˣռݵĵصҲ൱Ĺ
л쭶ٶʹֻǻѲӣѾһפϿա
ǰٶҲпΪ֮㤡
̫ˡ
Ƿٶȼķ˶Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ޷ģǷȴһʱˡ
Ž壬ѩ壬壬ʥ壬壬ˮȵȣеܹʸռڳǵͳͳıˣһĻлĳ֣Ŀֱָһ壬һжΪ֮ȣǲ֪׷ʲôףлҪһ֣˹һɱһ壬ǲ֪أ㹻ţ
û
еһʱһפء
ǵٶվҪлѷɫġ
лһפϷĶͨҲﵽ˼ޣ˷δνʦټ
ֻܡ
һʦѾ뿪ʦһפڣʹø
лռݸ߿գľֹˮ
ۻ
Ȼȫ򿪣Ҳģؽһפصһ£ĺ֮Уһ۱ʦһפصһԺڡ
ΣɾǼٵˡ
۶ܹʦܹ뿪лҲ÷ˡ
лʲôһ壬֮㻹ҪʲôҪΪһǺ۸ģ
Ҷ֣һؽնɱڴˡ
һĸҲɱ˳
ڴ˵زһĴӪһֵϾǺܶ࣬Ҳ߰˰ٵӡ
һ±İ֮ڡ
ʦɱ⣡лɱǴڳǡ
һĸԣɵɫ䡣
л˵˵ʲôʦһפڡΪ׵һ峤С
Իɫޱȵĸ֡
ǿɶʮսʼľ硣
˵ʣлɶ϶аĸ֡
ʵԵı뺷
˻
ʱ
ֻطķȸϵľǹŽ壬壬壬ˮȵȸͳͳĵ
лǸʲôֻطȵ
һ峤еǰΪһлҪ岻Ѳʲôʦ
šֻط˳
֮ǰлնŲʷһ꣬Ǹһδˣ÷澡һᱨˡ
ֻط˱תл
㲻˵лֹڣĵһͱѪаˣһ嶼аѪֻδν峤иһܶѣаһƿߡ
һȫԾ
ǻҲɫ΢䣬Ǹŭȵлʲô֤ݣѪĻѵǻֲᷢˣΪлѾ֮ϣΪΪˡ
зֱѪֶΣδѪֻطĵ֤ء
ҵĻ֤ݣлߵ

֪ߵغ񣡡
ΪԼ˭Ȼ˲֪ô
ŭ̴˷
л˵ĸݸ֮ϵĸо̫ˣлֻ֪ˣΪѪ޷֣֮յĵط
Ǹ֤ݵʱ䣬ʦˡ
ǿӲ̬
ǰм״һϲһίӿֻطˡ
ֻطҲŭˣлأ
лֻطˣǳ֧Լļ˻ԼĻҲýͣĵֻ˵һ䣬Ҫɱʦߡ
˵ţ˸̬ȣʦĵطȥ
ٶȲ죬ȴڸͷ֮ϡ
ͻ־״һЦ΢ˣһ²ؼ߸߹ӣǱƹӪһߵĽȻΪһͷġ
ַ֧ģǵȴֻط˵
ˮߵǣ޷֣ǱϾޣз壬Žûǣơ
һ峤мֻطԥһݣϺȵΪһϣɱҲҪɱл
һȺһ̷Ƶɱȥ
лһᣬ˵ߡ
һĸ򲻹һеĳɱȥ
ɱ
лһս
ųն
ȺɱС
һԲڶĵ⣬ɱһֶϯУѪȷ硣
Ĳҽʹı屬ը֯
Ѫ졣
лһնɱаһĸ֡
ǰм״˻
ֻط˫𶯣ŭȵˣ
ڻǳˡ
м״һĨϲɫһٶ˵ȡ˵İȫ¶һݣֵˡ
лʿɶֹ̫ˣֻطĵ
˵ҪɱʦлͬЦ½ٶҲȻӿ죬Ѿʦ
ֻطŭȵûκ֤ݣȴɱ޹ҪΪмӣͿΪΪ壬Žл
һ£壬Žһ±ɱǿߡ
ЩǿһǶǾŽսʵʮսҲ٣ʮս۷弶ǿߡ
лȻ١
һɱȥ
˻
ɱ
͹Ž򷢳˻ź񱩵Բڵضҡǵﵽܹطĵزһܽ񵺶Ĩƽˡ
ֱֲȥ
Σв˷ܵؽглɣ
½лһͷҲûأʳֶָվһ㣬ǿ֮Һ̬ţӿָ֮УսҲӿȥ
ɱ֮ױ
лָ̱һĻ棬Ȼֵʮʹ⻪ҫŶĿĹʣĳ
ء
Щʱɱɢ
ǿɱҲΪҺ̬ı죬֮лľʮսʼҲࡣ
ʮ߼űƿֱӷ͹Žĸ֡
ۡ
̼䣬Ѫ
͹Ž̼䱻նɱʮһˡ
һнлһָΪ
лɱˣŽ峤ŭŽʣձն
壡

Ϳ߿֮ϣ˲֮ϣңָ壬ҳ֣峤ɱ㣡
һ£ȫ𾪡
֮ǰһĻƣô˲Ϊл棬˵Ĳƺ
Ž峤ɫ΢䣬չŽδ֡
Ŀ£֪ģǳԽʮսʳġ
ֻط˼״Ȼŭ峤˲õıָе⣬Ƿŭ˻һһױ㱬ȥֱл


1711  ߣ
˼ֽ׶ΣδƣҲδ֮ǰֻط˱ǹϵǿĴڣȻ֮ͬв٣ףκμ޷ģʶֻط˵ǿֽ׶Σ˿ɱȡ
ֻطһ֣һףҲ˵Ķһ
ǿס
Ȼֻ׵һƤë˵ֻطյĻͬ࣬öˣϾǳԽ֮Ŀֲס
½лҲ̸оһ˿в
һףɺɱһС
ĺгֳѸٵģϧ󷨵ʦȴл֪ǴᣬԶûлˡ
𣡡
һģлһŭִһʱ֡
ʱһӱֶס
߻δӴױһ٣漴ʱֱ㳹׵ˣ޷ֹһӡ
лٶ򷢻ӵޣȥ
һӱ㿪׵ĹڵأҲ˵һģػʦ˵ָնȥ
ƶն
޶
֪ʱȣֻΣٵĻ֣һֱ͵һն
߼ƶնںһƿٵصһ
꣡
ֱӱлһն飬ǿĵҲصȥ
ػʦߵʮս۷弶Ҳһ֣⵶ֵ
ûмǣл˿
ӵм֮ˮ֮磬֮𣬼֮׵ȵȻĻʮսڣлûж֡
˻
ֻط˼̲ٿһ׷ɱȥ
ͬʱǣƵĹŽ峤ҲһŽʹɫҲŹŽɱȥ
ֻͬطԵĶҲȥ
ʦʮսʼ״ޱĳɱȥ
Ĵɱֻط˵һף˭ܹ赲˿µĹء
ߡ
лҲŭˣʦߣֱֻɱȴ赲Ƿ͹Žˣѵ֪ʦ
籩
޿̵лȫ֮ʶУҺ̬Ǽʮʹ⻪Һ̬˳ȥ
һʮ⻪ķлΪɢȥһ±㽫һ׶С
䡭
һը
ĵӰʹŵɳȥ
һֻطֱӱˣеľ֣лоƺҺ̬ȡˣʹ渽ŵʮʻʤ˼֡
лô࣬ûȥ
ֱʦȥ
ʦ
شȥʮսʾе
ԭػΧһַ׷׵ĳȥ
ͬʱһ𴫳ǹҲȺС
޶
䶫ˮ
֮ŭ
ױ
󳬼޶ںлսˮ㣬ȫѸٵӿ֮ϡ
ɱ
һҵĵ⣬·һܹŤԲڵĿռ䶼ڱѣصײȺ˵С
һУЩһĸֱ㱻ײķ׷׷ĲҽţƿеҶ·裬Ҳ޷赲ȥ·
һ˻˵һηĳȥΨˣػ޵ֿʦ
أ
ӹ
ǹ񵶵ΪĩǹҲ嵹߿գȻѣǵҲˡ
лĿ侫ʦбָأֱȥ
˼˵˼ûС
ֻһͷɱʦ
ˣʥռ类ֵĿԼΪ㣬˵İȫˣб¶Ŀܡ
ʶлɱ֮أġ
ƴˣ
ػʦĸ˻Ŵҳɱ
Ǳ籩˵Ķ˺͹ŽҲҰĽԱǿɱȥ
лɫ΢䡣
һնɱʦĴ󳬼ǿ߷һҲȻоųɵĿܱɱġ
Լȥȡʦɲôɡ
ǲɱĻͿܳɥʧˣϾϷŽ峤屻峤˲ǣƣֻط˻ûܹǣƵסأһҪʦĻҪɱʦҲѡ
ͷһлȻͨһ㡣
ֻط˱ȻѾȷʦݣɱҪ׽ΪõģܹŽΪūĴڣѵòһʦ𣿶ڿİǰǿߣѵûʲôʦҪĶĶ˵ĻʦɴѹƣһǾͷ޷Ѱռڣ޷ҵаżľص㣬ʦȴлȥʥһŬΪС
лͬ⡣
η
ݣ
ǿĵںϣлսͳͳľˣϾս㶼Ǹ֣õĶǿĶķǳ
ϢƮɢ
Ȼ׳ۡ
ֱϷƵĸֶѪεһܵķ׷˻
һӴﵽ۷塣
лȻת񵶺ɨȥ
ǿǴӣҲױȵģ˵һɫ΢΢һĻֵܷأҲûʮİգڻ־ɫҰף֪лͻƿʮսʣʩչ˶Եֵġ
Ĵ󶥼ַ׷˻ţ
ѵ٣׺ն
ǱīĶ֮ȥ
ء
׵ĵ⣬ʮ׿·һ񵶣лתĴ󶥼ǿߡ
񱩵Ҳ֮һܼռѺۣڸ˵Ρ
ҳ¡
ǰ˾ĳ档
һפضݻˣһбûһõģʦΪһűδܵʲô˺Ĵ󶥼֣йŽ˺ػʦĸֵ״ܲҡ
ǶҲƵ
ֻʩչֻذ壬ԡյĽ׶Σлٳ֣ûУɡ
Ѷ϶˱ʦһ御߹Ѻáֻط˵쳣
Щķ͹ŽһȻֹסΡ
ֻط˴ԣҲ֤л֮ǰ˵ģһѪ֮ƿصлڻɱ˹Ž˺شˣҲΪǵڱˣ㲻֪Ҳǻá
˵ҪնɱʦлȻʦˡ
뽻ãֻط˳
лǰȥ˵ұɱ˭ɱ˭
ֻطЦлڵ״̬ѾĵĲˡ
𣿣
л˵Żǰȥ۱ʦԭƣҲѸٵĻָƷϻͯĸоǹǿѸٵָ̼۷״̬
һĻˡ
ʥ˲ָ츳
л֮ٶӿʶУҺ̬񱩵һǰȥﵽ۷壬ͻ˼ޣֱƹȥ

ֻطҲʶлĿ£˫׽ȥγһְĴڣʦ
籩
лüļ䣬һʮʹ⻪ʮ缤ȥתţ˺ǿֲס
˭ʤһ


1712  񵶳ʣһ
ʮ⻪Һ̬һʩչͬһ̺磬е˺κ˶оֲǿҲǿɫ΢䣬Ҫ֪ļ֮׹Ȼǳ£ǼžвʮܵľŲҺ̬ܣȻоƺٿֲʥһĸо
״θо˼֡
ҪлУʮڻлģǾ;ԲܸлʩչҺ̬Ļᡣ
ûаһӦĹ
ûв֣ԽĹעлǿҲֻܹط˵жǿԺжźܴİ
ҲƵ뷨
лŵж״̬Ļ־ѩ壬ŽȵȣǽĹעš
˻
ֻط˸ᵽҺ廯Ŀ³̶ȡ
ԴףֻƤëеƤëսȻܹƾףɨɱλǿߣⲻǺܴġ
ов
ܹвѾﵽʮֻصĵزֻط˹ȻʵǿͬģֻذҲﵽ˼ޣҪٶԡеʮһεֻأٷʷϴδдﵽġ
ֻطҲͷų׵ֿ
׼עʦǿһ
ǿҺ廯ԿǿƤë
䣡
ײ졣
ɲûеɻصһǺನеƽ˾ĸо
ֻתŵľ籩ȴҪп׵˸еȻǣǶˣҺ̬ʮƺãȻһףȡеʹʮĹ⻪ʤףǿǿǧףӵмЩɵƫƫƺñҺ̬ʮţͬˮԻѩһ
׾Ȼ˿ǡ
˵ˣֻط˺ле㵡
ţֻطˣԴ֮󣬾ʹδûܹ׵ģֻǳ֮ΪףʵϸЬʸ񣬵ȴʢģپŲʷ˵ľŲͬ£Զ׹в
Ȼлѹˡ
Ҫ渽ŵһʮֻǾŲĸʮˣǿǾ߱һʮҪǾŲص㣬ɾһʮȴǿ׵ġ
ײҺ̬һ΢ʮףͬĸֵײ϶飬ûеֿһ±㴩͸ˡ
лĸоһ㡣
оʮƺڳͣȡ׵ľʹñֻһ㼸ԺԲƵʮڼǷĳɳزͽʮ𣬶һЩˡ
׾Ȼɳ
лȻϲģһľʮҺ̬ġ
ˢ
Һ̬۵СƵһ洩͸һ·쭣δܵ赲ͻǷʱֻط˿ɼˡ
оĵ׵ı仯ӲԼĳֱԼʦԼı±ɱǲǶϵĴлбʦ̫ˣҪܻ׽
˻
ֻط׳˻һ˫ҵ𶯡
ݣݣݣݣ
ƿ춯
ȴĸͮͮëȥγɵķ棬ʹѸٵͣëֱӺҺ̬γɵ档
أ
ëЯǷǱѰģֱӾͽлҺ̬γɵľ籩ˡ
ëл
ռϷл뱻æӶ񵶵ֵ
žž
ë񵶡
ǿлѪҲȥ
ëǾŲʷ˴͸ֻط˵ģоŲʷͷþŲģ
һ񵶣̾ͬǿֲһ㣬̼л̺ŵ֮ٿȻʧ
񵶾ȻԶʵļ
лŭһ˫վӲǵסǿĳס
ͬʱʦ¶һĨЦ⣬ƽǶˣǾͶ°ɡ
˵Żиһöˮ
ˮȻһɾ춯ص·һϷ֮͸δ漤ֱӽֻط˵׸ˣëҲڿбѡ
ǿѹˮڼѸٵѹڳǡ
һľ񲨶ˮӿֵĿԿˮƺһӰ֡
ǡ
ǿ
Сģ׼Էһ
˶ʱ˱˴˵ĶԹ䱸Ķǿµˮ
ǷųػʦֻطҲ¶֮ɫһֱõķŭ
Ȼֻطŭ
ʦǹЦ֪ⶫ񵺱Ȼһɱѣϴͷ˼ʱ򣬱һﻹһӣͬħһ㣬Щ˼ľӢɣҪȫڴˣƣҲ翹⡣
Ԥ⵽һ̣л
ץ񵶣սȭͷǿŰεĳ嶯һֻ̣ط˵ëѾ񵶿Գʡ
лİγ񵶳
ʦʦƺǿԼݣҸոճɾʦʱҾһֱԤһеΣʱ̣ⶫϣһνѣֻҪȥԴ˽˿ɱҡһУˮɢĹΣƯڿУתţǷԤ⵽һ񵺣
ǡлûзϡ
ʦЦҲҵԤ֮Уҵں֮¼ƲߣҪɱǷɹȻûԤ⵽ȥˣ񵺱Ǳʦն˼羫ӢĹؼʱ̣ԵͷٵʱұҪһöˮڡ
лΪεδʹöˮ򣿡
򵥣û뵽ܹƻµ壬ȻвңΣҲΪһֵ˷Ԥ⵽ҽоգйȡʦЦЩ壬ʥǣ壬Ž壬ѩ壬壬壬ʥ壬½ػȫ˲žۼڴˣʸҶָֻطˣŶлôһʱ䣬ˣóˮĻᶼûУ㱻лɱˣΪ˸л㣬һɱ㣡
߸ϵֻطһֱڳĸо
裡
׵裡
ֻطŭˣϵױһӱ㽫񵺵Ͽնյ磬·Ϊһһ㣬ֻطֲ
Ҳ׷׵ųǿ
ҪٵĿͷµһˮڵжǿɨ񵺵


1713  񵶳ʣ
ֳԼиֽЩ˿˵ȴʥǵľ֮⣬˼еĸ֡
óһˣǶ쵱
ǵȫ汬ǲֱǺʵģҪ֪ȫܹͷһµģڳȴȫŹŽ壬壬壬ʥ壬ǿд½ػƿصεơ
ǿĸչֳѹʮ̬ȥεѹʹһפڵһߴǧ׵ĸɽȻΪƽأ׶ôֲ֪
ʦǴЦѣ
һˮ
Ϳˮֵһѩʹˣʹľͷµһߵꡣ
ƣ
ʦ趯ʲôֻһ£ˮ𶯣һ¾ͽǿֲѹˡ
ֶˡ
˻
ֻط˻ѣϵ׶
ˣ㻹뷴ɣƾǵ޷ʹͷµǿʢһġʦЦ
˵ûǵȷ޷⣬ȴһ㡣ֻطЦ˼Ķ񵺣
ʦƲ
ֻطӵ֪ΪʲôѡΪפأΪֱģҲµǿĵطŽųôǿ󡣡
ƭҡʦЦ
һ²֪ˡֻط˳
ʦ΢΢һˮ̺ŵһʱҪͷųɾ뿪ˮһ˲䣬ܱһɾ˵΢΢һ˵궼оһ˿ҵĲ
л궼һ¡
Ĳʹл۵ƺһĨ֡
ƣʦŵĵ
ûѾƽ⵱УֻҪޣʲôԵƽйֻطЦǺܸм˼µơ
Ļеĸֶһ
ʦɫѿ
ֻһѡҪôͶҪôֻط˵
Ͷ˵Σʦһץˮ򻺻ؽ䣬ɱǣΡ
ֻطЦ֪һ㶼ãͷµģֻǾ߱һʹͷһˣͷȫܹ𣿶ܹһְˡ
ʦԣһ漴׹
ͷʵ൱һ˵һĶ֡
ˮһֻط˵
ʦۻܣǷһ˿ЦˣΪܹǿЦ˵ûҪ뿪񵺣Ҳ޷
Ļ䣬ˮȻͷųһ
ˢһ̼䣬˵궼ҵĶϿնһͼǾµ
ûˮڵͻ
ԭʦûнһȫͷųֻǷӳһС֣Ҳǹǽֶǵ֮ǰѾɵĿռ󷨡
´󷨵ĿģҪһ뿪ġ
ڿȴõˡ
ܴҵ˵㣬ǲܣֻ˵£Ҫ뿪ˡʦˮһ㣬ƮһĹʼ󷨡
лֲסսɿսɿ
ҲЩӿ죬һʱ侹Ȼ޷ƽ
Ȼ̼ܵļȫҲܵӰģһ̰γ

Ҫնɱʦ
λֺʹͷһֻҪֳȻܹĵģɷֻط˶Ϻȵ
ԺηģǶκεı
еˢˢľ
ۻûмȥȴڳǾҵҡΣҪļؿʼһѺۣƺҪ¶ѣΪĺˡ
һ𹥻ֻطһ򣡡
һֳڣ̽ǿʢʱڵ׶
ͬˣֵǿʲôŽ峤ĹŽ峤˲õļ֮׵ȵȣһǿʢһ𱬷
һʱ䣬Ĺϡﻩĳȥ
ǿҲƵҵĲ
䡭
ǵصֵɫ·ǧʴƮգЯŻص𶯵Ķ񵺳Ѻۣˡ
ǵУֻطˣŽ峤ȵһɶ֣Ƕܹƾһ֮ɱͨλֲٻµģ˺ޱĳ˴˵ӣ̼λǧ򱶣ܹͷһ̸µģʱ򳬹ʩչܹ֮ף֮ȼӵޣҪ֪ЩһȫӳҪͨ켶Ҳǿͨ켶ǿ߼ɵġ
ʶ˴˵ӣγɵ·ҪƬݻ١
ʦ״ҲЩ
ȻЩ˵ĶҲԺͨ쾳ǿ߿⣬ǼļԿԱɱͨǿߵģǲµġ
ʦֹͣ󷨣ٶȴ߶ˮµһӹ̼ǿ
ֻطֳҲãʦΪԱˮҲգл̼ƶѣĽл̼ܵһ㣬𽥵ĸա
˵֮ǰ긴գһּ򵥵ѵĻôлеԼڲһɾ˵ɢۿ̽ģоͿһɫڿʼٵɢ곹׵ڡ
ǽɫɲлǽͷų磬۶ɵһɴ֮
뵱Ҳ޷κѾķǳһںʵлģҲ˴̼׷׵ġ
Ʋ쳣
л͸еڵĽɫܵƵѹһ㣬ѸٵڣʹԽԽӴ󣬾һ˫۾ҲһŽӲӵĹâţܵѹֵľʹлͷǿı仯ϲãܣҲս񵶣սȭͷ
ڵȴ
ȴڵĽɫ糹׵ڣҪʩչҪ
䣡
ʱֻط˱ǿȽ٣صĺˮͷųķ棬һƬĲơ
֮㣬¡¡Ƿ档
ɲǼ䣬ϯǧ׵ķΧڣлڣˡ


1714  񵶳ʣ
޾Ұ˷
̼һפΪģһ޴ԴѸٵӳȥֱӸ˷ԲʮķΧڡ
ǿֲҲһֱʡ
˼綼Ϊ֮
ǿֲҲܵǿҵĳЩֱӺˣҪ˼
񵺶·һ㡣
ڳǺųܹһǿ߶ҪֹķͺһֽһѿǽҲ׷׵ĵѿɽˮǳ׹䣬ŭ죬˼ĩ١
˿ֲ֮һнԱݻ١
ǳʵ޾ձѿ̼䣬ԭ賿ҹ˼硣
ֲһж˱ıԵ
˾ӣͣ˼˶ȻĿ˶񵺵ڳǷ
һлعž
ڳҲѻȸ·ʧ
ڳѾò˷ԼĴ⣬еĵطͳͳıΪƽأͳͳĻһ˱ɱ
ٿ⽻սص㡣
ֻطϵëû˲٣ЩطܹѪܵĹһӦǿ߾ǱǿԼߣȻ֣Щʵ΢ģȻѾûټɱģûʣ£壬Ҳ˲أ˽ʮ֮һ
˶ĸһ߷ļεȵĿֲȻ˵Ľ𾪾ͷ׺εȵĿֲ
峤˲øͷ𾪣лɱ˾Ųʷ˺ƹĸһġ
˵Ŀ鲻ԽͶ·
ֻһפѾ尼ȥ֮ڶģףⰼݵĵشһǧƽ׵δܵƻĵطһ֡
͸ܹʦЩݣлöˮ򣬽̤ŵǾͲһƵ󷨡
Ȼ
ˣ
ʦҲʿڸɬҺҲЩ£ֺݺݵԼһѣ۵ģȷԼû¡
ˣɱҵģ˭Ҳ޷뿪ʦЦڶҲǷһԺ俪ˣˣ
߶ˮͷ󷨡
ֻط˵һżȴ޿κΡ
֮ǰǿʢδܴǷʧôؼ޷ʩչ̫ˣ巢ӵĲŵһ롣
һϵ˼취ȴôҲҲķ
ʥˮʥףʥ磬ʥҲã޷ģοԶˮⲻ˽ʡ
ѵô뿪
˼ľӢк档
𣿡
ץ޼ƿʩʱһƽǾʦһҵĵ´
һнѾݡ
žžž
һ߰Ķƿ
һӰشӵǱˣǱлʱûһ˿Ļҳȫǳĸɾҹ紵ҷƮһ˫۾ǷӲӵĹâһϮ죬δȴĵԽޱȣ˾㵵ǣлҲ˳˵겻ͬǣȻǽɫģҸһޱʵĸоͬʵһ㡣
Ҫ֪õģģһܵġ
лǡǡ෴
ڵڵı֡
лƾҲɱңҾǸᣬܹƿ𣿡ʦЦ
л˫ĿнҲ֮ڣʹ񵶱һ͸ʣֱء
лһƲ
ˢ
ץס񵶵֮һ񵶳ʣ·ҹһ۶Ŀ绮նʶһա
ӹ⻮
Ҳֻһѡ
һлָƽ۾һ
ͼػʦķȻѾˣһɢΣʦҲֳ
⣬ⲻܣʦɵˡ
ֻطɵˣɵˣ˶ɵˣԼ۾
ҪллλҲ̺ŵ׵ҵںϡлؾ񵶣ͬһˮ˸Ĺâ֮ͷ٣ɵֵֻһˣε񵶣
л֪꣬ģҲ֪ĿֲһɺɨһУֻлȴ޷ֻһǿ󵽷Ƿĵزſܼ
˭Ҳû뵽ǾȻǻδں
ȫںжôĿ£궼۳ɽʵһĴڣ֪ܲһˡ
Ҳţܹͷ⣡ʦһޱĴ߶ˮڵ
ˮ⻪ʢ
һֵӰֳһⱬ
ˮļޡ
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û˱ֿԶ꣬񵶵Ļôѵãʱô޵ġ
лҪκζնȥ
ǽҲ˲Ϣ
ϬޱȵĽ档
˵Ķ鲻Խܷɹڴһ٣ʧܣͿлɥˡ
꣡
նн⣬ǵ⵱ն顣
˾񵶵ĵҲȥˮ
ˮӦѡ
ʦûһ㡣
л粽վʦǰĮĶĽվûдȥ
ʱʦѾˡ
˾棬ĿܣɬĵԤ⵽˿ʼȴûп
һգ
лˣֻط˼ȵ
лὫֻط˵ĻϣһɨʦβʣԴ޴˵Ĵڡ
㡭ֻط˴ŭ
лתһεѹ㱬ֱֻطˣѹȵѪʲôҪ𣿾ᡣ
ǹѹѹȵļҪֻطһѰĸолû˿ֲλںܵȴʲôֵҪ󣬶һɱġ
˵Ŀע£ֻطǿǹУû
ߣ
лһһ壬߹ȴ֮һˣҲ÷ʡʡˣҪǸá
˵ڽѵζֻط˴δ飬Ҫˣȴҷֻ
һа˿ţôλԼɡлգɨһֻطˡ־͹Ž峤壬뿪
壬ˮҲɢȥ
ԶȥıӰͻ־һۣ˵ɫǳѿظҪȥһƹˣ񵶵顣
ֻط˷ȻҲˡ
񵶳ʵ飬ҪŪס


1715  ʥǵĿֲһ
ҹ˭Ҳ֪лعˮ֮߱󣬱赹ˮϦĻС
֮лҲδӻ
ΪܣˮһվɣлڱչأӦ飬ҲǴԸĿ̽
ǵľٶҲȻͷ񹬵ע⡣
ⶼȴͬϵ۷񹬣ֱϵڵرĴֻطˣ־ԼոմһӪĹŽ峤塣
ĸۼһֵ̽Ծл
һ鴦ˣʵһ屻аƵ飬ֻط˴ģͻ־δ֣ҲҪֻطһ棬Ͼֻطһģһȴ߹Ҫ
ֻط˫ĿһĨɱ⣬ûлش
һԵĹŽ峤ǸϵʱһѾˡ
ˣ˭ɵģ˭ôǿһס֣棬ǿڶ񵺣֣Ҳ˼ǿļ֮һˡԣһ
鱨ʾʥΪŽ峤
ɫ΢䣬л
ἰл֣ĸóһ˼𶯵ǿǣûɵһ
ģ˵ʥǿ֧ڶ񵺣δ֮ǰͳɨһģ־ѯʵ
Ž峤һݱ¶һ̣ʥǷƺ͵õϢʥľ壬ʥˮ֣Ҳ Ӧԭǿ֧֣ʥǵҲǿ֣һ߰ˣ˭֪ʥľѹ壬ʹһ磬δ춯ʥˮѹ֣ȸ壬һӲаһδа㷴֮㱻ͳͳˡ
⣬ôܣʥľѹ壬˵ģʥˮΧӥ壬ʵҲ⣬ܹһһ塣־ŵĵ
Ҳ˻ɣ˶෽̽õһ㻹δ֤ʵϢŽ峤ɫʼ
ı仯Ҳһһ
ʲôϢ־
Ž峤һǿصаһؾڣδ˽һܾ˳ʱգȵһԱȻ򿪵һؾһٽһܾڵ˶ΧˣʥǷ治ϴһеıһؾڵļʥضһˣֻҵڶûŪףνһܾߵġ
ֻطˣͻ־
һʱ޷Ϣ
Ȼܹһܾһؾ֮ʥأǿһ׸ɽһԻٵΰߣ
޷͵ͨ
ҿ⻹Ǹܹһܾϣ峤˵ݣ
Ž峤ɶ󡣡
˭зһĨ⣬֪˭ɱ֮˼
Ž峤
֪ܹ¶ҪɵֵŮˣ˵ǻ纣ֶθǸ˭ʵ
Ž峤лĸףһܱҪֵŮˡ
ֻط̲סˣֵŮˣ峤Ů˲ǱҸûȥǰᱻôꣿʲôһؾҪ˵ĳɾ͵Ҳ⣬ʲô
Ҳ֣Էټ֮ұƣռһйϣ֣뿪лǬлӣǱߵģģΪʱĺѾ˷ֱĵزҲع֮ĺѾ´һͳϺƿأɺ׵ܵܣһһжĽҴ£л֪лǬ֪ģֻǺлɳлǬѾ˯лѾ˺ͺҽа㰵ɺ֧лġŽ峤ʮδлעһֱڱչأоܾʶжϣԳ֣ɱһܾĿ󡣡
һлѾͷˣȻðһֻطŭ
Ž峤ǲ鷳Ҹ򰲲ʥǸ߲ߴϢ߳ˣһ鱨ǿĽ̬ܹӼ֣һܲ۵Ķóһϵе飬ϳ鱨֤ʥǷȵõлնɱʦ һʱƶϳģ̶һ嶯ֵģһˣͳȣҲǴ˳֣һٵΧ˵һ壬˿ұۣټһµˣҿǱҪϵʥһĴѹС
ǵֻΪӣûйȵĲμʥǺĲĻ飬ҲʥǺĲˣȻ֪˵ݣֻط˳
֪ƺʥǷʶڲڼ飬Ǻеڼ飬ֻλǺĲ㣬ֺ̫Ļ飬лϵ⣬ûġŽ峤ˣͨһ°ɣһؾܹŪ߰
ֻط˳Ĭ
Ž峤һҪʥǽһ̶ȴѹ˼
ͻ־ûпڡ
ãֻط˲ſЦͽѯ񵶵飬ѯʹ˼ʧһ꣬Ĵ𰸣Ҳֻһ뱣֤лİȫ֤ʥǷ棬гǧٰʮ츳Ǳǿ֮˵İȫٲǵЩ𡣡
ʲôʥ˵츳עŽ峤Ȼվ𣬾г
ͻ־Ҳг
ֻط˵˵ͷ
⣬ⲻܣҹŽȫԿɳɾսʣֽ׶εĶսҲ٣ܱϿɵ츳㹻ߣҲʮˣʥ֮ڣ˼磬ȴʥ֮⣬ҲûôɡŽ峤
ʥǣ˼磬츳ǱϿɵǧ˰ʮˡֻط˵
ʲô׶Աȡ
ְ
Ž峤лصĻǹܱϿɵ츳ǱߣǾδܹﵽϵģ˼Ȼʥǣ
ԶԶ磬Ŀ֪֪ʥֻһ֣ЩνʥǹϵУҲʥǵˣҵʱ򿼲ʱ򣬿ûң\Ԩ֮ļʥǣҪ֪ҿһؾǲĵطֻط˵
ҲƣΪˣŽ峤ôоƺеɵһˣǸԼлչˣҲҪعң⵽Ϊʲô


1716  ʥǵĿֲ
ҵο³̶ȣ
˼ֵڣǿʱǸһ֮ս˼ΨƲңҽ棬Ϊʲô
ؾ棬ҳͻΪʲô
ܹĽʮǰճл²ܣغңʮ꣬һٽͳһƣΪʲô
еΪʲôһӶۼùŽ峤壬ͻ־ǲ⣬ΪҲδƹĿеõⷽĽֻͣǱ治ҷͻ
ҡֻطһ˵ҵõϹ忪Ϲܾܾκơ
־õϹܾΣϹµܾءţκƣ˵
ֻط˵ͷߴյֻܾһѪӡӰˣϹܾµƶӰġ
ô˵ϹؾڣҸУĸ֣־ĵ
ʲôǿߣ˵ܹؾģͨ쾳ˣҲûܵģҲʹúзѵļĻع飬ϺңŮҲʥԺ֮ˡֻط˳
־ǿǻǿ⡣
ֻطЦһ㣬ǿĺΪʲôûһͳ˼磿ǲ룬ǲܣѾɽ꣬ǲɽʱҲûжģΪ뿪פأʵҲ޿κΣµǰ裬ֻǾǲҪȥǺң뿪һĶֵأһо˵ˡ
ԣǾŵĲŷ¡
ȻˣǵҲ赣ĺˣϾԺԸǣҪǲܶʥǷѹʵԽܡŽ峤
ֻطЦǵõǲö֣ͻõǡǡ෴ඡ
Ž峤ԣɿͻ־
ͼһЦƹ˸ǵǣܵĴݻʥл뿪񵺣ҲҪնɱұͻѾǲǰȥʥǣߣʥǿҲҪصĴۡ
Ž峤ԣɿֻطˡ
ҹʱҪչˣЩҲֻط˵ĵ
ǣ֧նɱлˡ
ǵʱ򣬱ظһγصĴ¼˺뿪֮ɱҲˡ
Ž峤񵶣
Ŀлǰı֣Ž峤ؿ־塣
ٺЦ£ѾѯʹƹˣѾŪлԺǴвˣ˵񵶣ֻҪлﵽͨ켶ҪγǾͷʹñԴıܹ̼񵶣ȡһ˿ԴԳʵģ֮ǰǷ˵ķǾŲʷ˴ģֻҪȱлûγ񵶵ģΪ꣬ٺ٣ⷴлĴûᡣ
񵶵ĳʣŽ峤ҲԭûرϣΨ꣬е־塣
꣬лȡˣǱõ׵ģµ׵һһ׾ʧȥ׵壬ɢģֻû뵽нŲʷųȥһױԴ˼ĸˣǼȡһ˿ֻذ壬δɢڵΪлãûгʱͨһܹһ׾֮ǿǿ߶Ҫɵģڲͬˣһ׾лڣлǰﵽ˳еһֻط˽͵
Ž峤Ȼǳ߱ΪҪ˵ɱлĴûأ
ֻطЦԭģһһҪǳ֮ߵģлҲδܹܽ볤ʱĻ״̬νĳ磬ûдﵽĵزڣһնɱҲõΨдﵽͨ쾳磬ſ겻ĵزɱ˻ſɣ׾ڽ꣬ԺлﵽǷĵزҲͬһǴﵽͨ쾳磬ʹҲ˵ͨ쾳磬лͳױˣ
Ȼ㡣Ž峤ĵ
ȻˣЩͷǵֱϵѪ츳ߵĳ֣û뿪ĵطԭڴˣһҲɢǾͷ֣Ҳ޷ȡֻطЦлڿʼֱͨ쾳磬в
뵽л裬ֻطΥȴɰͻжͬɱлġ
Ž峤ЦлҲвõʱ򰡡
ֻط˳лͲô֪õ˺ܶ࣬ɶûĿ٣ʵԭģ֪ʥǵǰǸʱƺйʮͷĵطЩͷһľ͸ˣȻĻΪڻлʱѡعҵϹؾǸڰǰǳֹ֮ţֻǺѸٵû䣬ƺӡһ϶лʱ򣬾ͿǸӡлС쳣ٶԶ˵ԭ͵ġ
Ůˣÿһ⣬лʮ޷Ҳ㵱УҲлǬлǬΪԻ˵ģлǬжоյģΪ𣬱Ȼ˰бԭ򣬺ߣǱ뽫κһ㲻ռҵҪʲôĿġ
Ǳ˴˽һЩ֪ܡ
˵ڸԲͬϵʥǵǿǲò
̸Ե˵ʱ˽ˡ
Ǳѩ峤Ѧ׳ɺһЩǱĸ֡
Ԫ㲻ȥʥ𣿡ǱӣɫЩ仯
ֻط˺͹֪ԪӦþͳ˧һͻһǰȥɱ¾ʥǸֵˡ
ֻƺǱ
мˡԪͨһڵϡ
ѻ˵
Ԫҷǰȥնɱʥǵĸ֣û뵽δϵʥǣո̤´½ͱʥǵʥˮ壬ʥľ壬ҹħ壬Χˣȫûֻһӻˡ
ѩ峤Ѧ׳ɿЦոմϢұѩҲ⵽˵Ĺ˲أѦ棬˼ģǱѩܾˣǵһЩҪıʥҲʧˣһա
䣬һͷͨɫ׵ķ˴ڡ
ϷˣôˣŲ治ںҸ𣿡ֻط˿Ϸ˾ͷ
Ϸ˵ʧˣ


1717  ʥǵĿֲ
һذϢڳĸ˼رʵȨһʱĿɿڴ
ЩԽϢ
Ϸˣ˵ֻط˺ȵ
Ϸ˵һźңǸݾŲ洫µֶΣϹ壬ǽգͻȻںңұΪʲôҪ飬Կȥ鿴û뵽ҸһжʹӺҴңɱ⡣ЦʱҲ֪ҵĴڣ˼֪ˡ
ֻط˵ɴ۾ЩţֶΣϢİ취ǿɶǾŲԴڵģôֵģ
Ҳֻ֪˵ԴһֶΣԻģħĪİֶͨηҵİɡϷһֱŪڹƼĸоҲСʱҾصʧˣǺס׻ɽҲƾʧˡ
˼飡
ֻط˵ȶ˺Ȼ
漴ʥǿ϶һֶΣܹתһж˼ɽˮڣѹһ屻ϴһգһԨһܾһˡ
⻹ؼġϷ˵
ʲôֻطЩľ
Ϸ˵ʧ٣Ҿ͸ȥϹܾڵأϹܾڣҾЩ֣Ųһ£֣ϹܾǸٵģõĻŪļٵģҺܿƭ˾Ų棬ڲ֪ǰѾǸطˡ
Ų棬οܡֻط˵Ȼסһϱף۱侫⡣
뵽ʲô
ֻط˶뵽ʲô
ü˼һȻɴ۾˵ǧǰһ񣡡
ûҪһԼĵ·ǴӺ뿪֮󣬲˵˷ģΪΪۣһʦҶѩɽͼģ˵⻭ǲµģδƣ²һȫµֻ֮ط˵
ǿܣһǱߣҲҪϺҵķѣû˼㿪ʼģֻǸݻµһЩģҪĻϹܾǸܹŲʾͷľǻΪҲ˵ֻطĿԣǧǰϹܾѾˡ
ӦʹþŲҵר֤ʱĶ֤ϹؾܿǧǰģҽǧյܾǸϹؾԼһȫµܾϷ˵
ֻط˵ǧ꣬ǧ꣬һǧǰ
Ҳ˳˼
ƺ뵽ʲôˣ˶ͣϢᡣ
Ҷ壿ɻĿֻطˣǧǰǸʱһ¼ҶɲǷƾҶڶ˵Ķﵽ˼ǰ仯ʵģôһ£˽Ҷ壬תϹܾ
ֻط˳ûʱע⣬ͷȻûתϹܾĻϹܾڵĺҸΪǻûôǿͷֻ̽ɴʸ񡣡
˻ʣʣϹʥʣϹܾǧǰѾתƽ磬Ϊ˳ͨ۷ͷ׼ˣ
Ȼϣֻط˻εĵ˸۲ţܹԿģͽλͷǰɣҪԵлʥǡ
֪ĻҲǵѡ˱á
ĿлʥǣԸġ
ȻͬϹؾΪЧôұȻ˴ϹֶܾΣҺҲгϵĸ֣Щ˼ܶϹؾȥ磬ǧһȫµĲƵܾҲǿԵģԺܾӦôһ𾳽֣ҲʧˣһɱȻʥǣĻʥѾǸ֮ˣҪһ¶⡣˵
ֻط˵˵ͷ
Ҳòϣֲܺʥǿˡ
Ԫ˵һ£ȫġ
Ԫէ˶ĻܣҲЩѯʣȻԼĿģԼһЩصȫռ֮׵ĶͬУո̤´½ĺɽͱʥˮ壬ʥľ壬ҹħ;Χˣǵ˵Ӧܹģû뵽ʥľǿĳԤһǾҹħȻ˿һҹħƾһŲ֪񹭣شϷ򸾣һǳΪ˵ĸ֣ȭɱϷ򸾡
Ϸ򸾣Ȼм֮׵ĸ֣˵ǿˡ
Ȼôɱˡ
ȷЩֵĶҹħ˺;壬ûͼĸֲУ
ûУĴɫҹħ;ر𣬸б壬ֻǺ񶼽ҹħ˵ҹħ۱ԭʮ߱ǵصľˣʵ棬ʮսʷ⣬ʥˮʥľ٣𼸸ʮսʵսӵı̬Ԫ
ϲʲôʱǿˡ
ֻط˳£Ҷһ㣬лõ󷨣һ洴ģܹԪԪʥǵٶԶ߱ʮңһǴҵɱ󷨣Ǿ£Ԫ󷨱ҪǼңңҹħ;ԼһЩʹã壬ͳ֮ǰ֪Ĳ֪ٱˣɱ󷨣ʹҹħ;巢ޱҲ
ЩҲʥǵṩϢ
ֻط˵ͷܹѡʹ󷨵ģǶǾҳϵģʥǷģˣ³ǵǽһߣȫγˡֿѩ峤Ѧ׳ɣǷôһ£
ѩѦ׳ɿЦ⵽ϴ٣Ǳѩ͹ŽڣеõĳֵĶصĵطͳͳϴһգߴｫ׵ɽʧˣΨѦƺϴ֮ˣйһΰδƬ֣һƬط֮䣬һҲһƽҵķʽܾ
ž
Ž峤İ𣬡̫һɵġ
˻ʣʣϹʥҽͷôʥǾĶͷҲЩʾŶԡֻطߵ˵ⶫɱܻŭ򣬿ɱߵȴǿԵģ壬ˮߺߣ
ЦǱǶ֮ǰȿлǲǴӻѹˣûѹԶѹˣѹҲΪڶʮ֮ľУú׼һˣΪǱ֤лİȫ𣿺ٺ٣ǻڵģ
һȺˣ˶Ц
УлΪʥΪ


1718  ȫ淴ˡһ
˵ǻԣʵлʶѣһжֻ֪ȴû۾ȥȥ˵·Լ岻ܴԿƣ״ᵽлǬӵġ
ʱ䣬лҲʼеԼһЩ仯ˡ
Ⱦ귽档
ڽڲһ׾׵ڣʹޱʵﵽ˿ȥͬһĵزɱɫ꿴ǲͬʱƣǽɫ꽥ر֮ǰǰʵҿʼںϡ
ν꣬ʵһģͬڣںϣĽϣͷѪͷǵȵȶҲϣһжϣûһ˿ķ϶
ֱ仯һʱл뵽˳硣
а֪ϣΪһ壬ӶʹģΪ˥ڣΪٸҲˣֻ˼ʮ꣬ˣһںϣôͻΪʹ˥ϣ̶ﵽĿġ
ֻһ㣬ϣһ⵽شҲƱܵ൱Ĵˣµġ
л⣬꣬˵ʵﵽ൱̶ȵģҲġ
ȫںϣлٴθоܹƿԼ塣
ۡ
ӳǵɫĴӣɢŵĵɫһ˿֮ƮϢ
лһⲻˮϦĹ뷿ɡ
Ҳû˼ȥǣ֪Լ״ֻطϵ򣬱Ȼ֪ԼҪĻָ鷳ĻˮϦǺӦģϾڱչعؼڣ޷赲һµġ
Լ塣
޴ˣں֮л֣ƺõ൱̶ȵĸı䣬ͬڴһƵأȻػʥ弸ﵽޣͲһܹǿ߶ȡ
леľϲˡ
лļƻУҪﵽĵزҪʮģϾûʱڳʱģҪԣ̫ˣϣȻ˴ĸı䣬Խػʥ壬ﵽʱ䡣
ֻҪﵽ壬Ǳ׽Ϊ֮ף߱һ
лϲѡ
ڲԼսûǱʶǣսҲڻȫţǰȣƺһ̶ȵء
лŸջԵʱʱ䣬ʼնںϵĹ֮Уڴڼ䣬ƺսҲܵ൱Ĵ̼ǳѸٵתԪȻڼ䣬ʵõһЩɳ
ȷû֮лһ
⿴ȥֻʰĺܸɾҲܾ£ûݻİ裬һ㣬һм͵ɫй͸һ˿֮ˮĸо·Ǽ֮ˮڵĵط
лҿ϶ȻˮϦĹ뷿ҲΨסΪھס֮ˮԵطһЩӰ졣
ţˣ˯ˣʵϸû˯һ˯ɡлɴ೶ıӸϣ§ĳŮȥˡ
ԺУл˯˯ʱ򣬴
л̾ѣĶͨһʩչ㿴ˮϦü֮ɫ߹
лû˯⣬ȴװ˯ˡ
һ֮ǰԵӣȣɫһ糣һ㣬ɾڳ˯޷ѹ
پҲԷֱĳǻˣѾ˼װģοˮϦڵС
Ѿӷ׷֪лľԭǾϵ⣬ǰɳҪһĽǣлܻܿԲֹʮ£пһصģϾ̫ȴҪȥɣѶҲǷǳġ
Ȼ֪Ҳţֻط˷ҲȻ֪ģ־棬ǱȻңӦ

ڴߣԼϵˣˮϦһʱЩãĵʱռ˱ˣķ޲ȥ䣬İ㾾ģǲʡġ
л⣬ɶʱռˣս޳ܺƤļһҿǺܴġ
лǷգˮϦɵ뵽ǰҹһҲδܴʦķˣһ㽫ʦնɱֻּ䣬ֻҷһĻΪֹӡҲӡڵʱڳ˵ļ䣬뵽һĻˮϦķĲɵ̲סظлգԺĪĸֳлУ۵ͷĳȻЩҲ΢΢ķ̡
ûۣͨĶܹͨһелһ˼Ϧˣ˼Ҳˡ
֮ǰˮϦռ˵ɣȴûйòҪȥռеĳ嶯ĵȴڳһǿҵĳ嶯ҪˮϦ£۾ڻеϦȴûзӦȻ˵ģü¶һ˿⣬˸Ĺʡ
лһĵƣȻ

˼еˮϦϾʵʱӦȻлʶķһС
лֱ̽ͷȥ
ž
һлͷҲȻ˽ȥ
ˮϦľҲʹŵŮҲһˮУʲôŮһų˽λεһҪսӡ
һţͿӵһ
һ漴ɶû
һӱ˳ȥ
ˮϦ͵Ϯĸţˣһƿлؿٵţվҧгݵĵ㡭
ҵ׻ܹƽл
ˮϦԣߵĺ޲Ҹطȥ
޳ܵģûô޳ܵġ
޺޵һתҪ뿪ɸ𲽣ȻԼңʱޱĵȻˣ뿪ҪҴˡ
е˯ˡлһתӸϣҪ˯
ˮϦĲץ񣬡ιлôô
ô޳ǰɣû취ĶŮˣ޷Ƶġлһεӡ
㣬˵ʲôˮϦæתл±лԼĻһ
лҲ֪ˮϦһʱĨÿӣ㲻ٵ٩ĵһ죬ʲô£
ĻŵˮϦʶĵûûС
ŬԼƽͷԼϵлһӣһ˵ĸоǱһ࣬һ޳ܵľٶľ޷ƽ
ǷǾ䡰ĶŮˡ֣ˮϦһƵĸо
ͷǱҲûʲôٶлʵ
ˮϦգգۣʲôæóһŽлʥǴż㣬ʥˮ峤öģҴ˲ָ֣Ѿܼˮͷ


1719  ȫ淴ˡ
ӹż㣬л򿪿ٵĶһ顣
ױ顣
࣬ȴܶ࣬ǣʥлնɱʦ֮󣬵һʱһϵеķ˻лڶ񵺸ӵıҪСĽоǣʥǻһӴĻܵߣؼδϣлֻܹͨط˷һЩ
Ƕû취˭ص֮ȻܹӴʥǺĻܡлоһ˿صѹһ˿˸С
ܹӴĻܵģ֮Ķǲеģ㶼лźˡ
Ȼߡ
֮࣬Ƿ߿ѹŭߵıѣѹһʥڲûҳ֮ǰʥǵжб¶Σգ߱취ݸֻطһЩϢԿ˵ֻطĵشлв֪
ڿʼлǲɱ
ڼ֮⣬ǸлʼչĵͷҲһֱûκε·ƾʧһ㡣
۸леľ
˵ʼŵĻôͷĴͬˣ뿪ģѲһǶʱ뿪ˣΧһӱС˲֪ٱȻҲû
ֻܿԼˡл֪ڼĴڣʹʥһģĵᱻֵģҿռĳ֣Ҳǹȵȥ˷ʱ䣬ǵһҪ
оܽעϡ
ö˴δǰʥΨһһγжˣ뿪ǰȥʵǰƿش½ػߵ˾ֻط˷вˡ
żݣлⶫ񵺣൱ĳ㣬ǾǱʥ˺֣ԹĻعʥˡ
֣һ弸ϡ
ʥ˷棬ɽ\ԨϵõǰʥǰϣѾʵȨڿչаʥغ칬оǿռֱӽˮתƽȥҲ赣Ļʲô֮ġ
ǿⶫ񵺣ɴ壬ܼ壬Ǹ÷ʱˡ
Ϧ㣬ȥö峤Ҫȥʱ򣬰Ҵ˹л˵
ˮϦҪӦɿǣ˭Ϧ㣬󽫾أˮϦ
˵꣬ߺߵ뿪ˡ
лЦȻûи뿪
ͷͼˮϦַˣѾָˣԼﲻȥȥҵķ䲻ӭ㡣
лһֹΪϦûȥ˵磬˵ųģû뵽Ȼˡ
öˡˮϦ˽Ųæȥл´
лΣֻڵ´
δöѾ߽ˣһͿл𴲣ˮϦĸ첲СŮ˷̵ӡ
ˮϦͷԼ֣ٿǱӣæ֣վöˣ㣬ţһ¡
һ̵ûӰˡ
лˮϦʧñӰЦ
л٣ҿûŶöЦ
ãٺ١лЦһתƻ⣬عʽ棬ʲôʱģˣ
ἰ£öҲǰϵģ˺ʮ֡
ἰңлľһ
֪ʲôĸҸ㣬ʥǵ飬һжҪȥģֻҪ취Լʵˡöһ仰
лͷû˵ʲô
Ҳȥʥǵ飬ڵֻ밲ĵΪƿش½ػȻΪ
ĺʮֶʲô磿лʵϹؾǣӦòӰģʵɡ
öЦǿϹܾĸܵµӰģѡʮˣһֻ̤𾳽ģֻҪлᣬⶫͻƵġ
ãдʮˣұɷˣл˷ܵص
ȱٵľֵεĸ֡
㹻ˮ壬壬Ϳܵ壬ܹΪġ
öͽл죬ʥǽֵϸĸû˿ı
ͻûб߲֪лȻ
ûСöΪ˴θͳ죬еĻʥˮʥľ嶼¼ģԭ򣬱ڸԵһռ˼綼СȻ֪ҹħ;ǱصصģҲܰĴ֣ʥһЩĲ㶼δ¶Ŀ꣬ţһ㣬ʥˮʥľϱڽռ֮󣬼̱չأѾг𾳽ˣϹܾҲתƽȥȻҲ𾳽磬мĸĸʩչֶθռ磬ֻҪǸڼһжȻᱻģڿʼǸڼܻһγõıչأΪﵽ磬ˡ
ããлϲ
öһҪ㣬ϹܾʵһǧǰѾ˻ʣʺϹʥתƽ磬νϹܾǺԼ¸ϹؾģԺǧǰЩĸҲ硣
лԣϲѡ
ͱѾ˻ʷϵ
Ժɲսˡ
ֻΨһǷȱĻǾͷϾھͷǰͷһжֽϻġ
еϢҲлúõһ
ѯһЩ֮лö˵峤츳ǱҲоͷǱʵģ˷ǰҪˮİɣӦûἴأռ簲ˡ
лٹˣҵ츳ǱΣҺŪʥˮ壬ҺϦȣ಻һĴʧ٣ʸ峤֮λö˵
лЦ峤̫ǫˣţһҪ峤ȥ֮󣬰Ҵһ¡
лԸö
峤֪ͨ׻庣ҺϺͻ·ӷǰⶫ񵺡л˵
öȻǱڵľ磬ƺҲԷʲôðɡ
лЦûˡ
öԣͷһлҪˣȻͼ»־ǺҾм֮𣬿ȡ־·ӷԵģõս֮ȫԽм֮ףӶȡġ
лٷģ±ϡö˵꣬һռǣûô뿪ˣԲһ㣬˲ȥ
лùǱռǣݺȻһλ˼ص飬кȻһ漰ں֮󣬲һôûУŷǳô귽ġ
Щлϲ֮࣬Ǳռռָվһȭš
ⶫ񵺣һ˳ʵûô򿪾棬Ȼƴ󲿷ͻλƿǸֵʱˡ
ţ־׷뵽ˮлҪ̸ӳԱ顣
лЦ鷳İɣߺߣã


1720  ˵㡾һ
ˮʱ˿̣½ػ㶼ڴ˵ؾۼ־˰࣬ǵվԼжʮˣݣ֪ʮˣֱͻǿߣиǱʥΧˣΨһԪڣ˶ʮ˿νʵˣʮսʶ֮ࡣ
ƵĴȻӰ죬ǶڳѪӡȴӰģȻνӰѪӡ֮ǰ߳ĴģʶѪӡ֮Ĵĸ֣νǲʮսʵҲԶԶ˵֮⡣
ͻ־ʮ֣ˮϦͷ׷Ҳ֣ͬͬǶʮˣҲһЩʮսʼǿߣֻˮУˮϦʮֵԸʤ
Զ˴ĮȻ
ˮϦɫȻЩ޷о׷˫Ŀ΢գڳ˼׽͸ʲô뷨Ψͻ־϶һĨЦ
˿Ǵͷ֮һƹ֪񵶵ľƹҪȫں꣬ʴﵽ侪˵ĵز׼ͷĵȼܹʮϵģлǿҲҪһذɣ죬϶òˣǰѡ
ţ󽫾ʱѹˣҿǲǸ¿һ£ΰűػ֮ȫĻء˳ơ
ˮϦѹһ⻰ʱͻ־Ŀģ뵽ǸԼĴϣ΢΢ȣҲûпڵƣңǶͷǰɡ
ĳĬʹͻ־һ
ǿǿ϶лδˮϦ˵ġ
øΰţ׷䵭ޱȡ
Ц򵥣ػ֮İȫǴ½ػߵĵһҪػ֮δɳ֮ǰҾӦƾٳһ󽫾Ȼݴģȵл󽫾ѹ֮¸ְˣλΡ
ְ˵ɵء
׷簵Цлʱһ㣬˭֪µĻ󽫾ǷὫػ֮ˡ
ǲ֪׼ѡµĻ󽫾׷
ѡʮ˲μӱԣһΪ󽫾ڶǫΪ֣˾ΪӳԱ˵֪λΡ
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׷ػ֮󽫾
ĵػ֮ڱչأ޷ΪǵģǳأҲͬģ󽫾ʸμ𣿡
󽫾ԣǱ󽫾𣿡
ȻſڴһӰƾճſڣȻѾѹĻ󽫾лˡ
ͻȻ֣ʹôɫб仯
ˮϦ΢΢죬Ťͷ𴦣׷һЦ⣬˿ûоȣȻǴˮϦõϢˡ
ͻ־Ǿȵվ
ǼֱԼ۾ľȻûдﵽлǰۿɿĵزҲѾ˵һߣ˿ľҵģɿл֣ȴ𾪵վʶĶľ̶ȡ
󽫾˵ʲô󽫾ûʸ룬һӵ飬˭Ȩ֣Դػָֻ֮ˡлֱ
лȳ⣬Ŵѹ
һΣ޺޵ɨһˮϦͷ׷磬϶϶˹ģĿľҪ󣬲ԣлеǿƣһָоƺлҪˡ
󽫾ʧԣҲҪΪػ֮İȫǣϾ󽫾ʵԳе󽫾ְ𡣡ĵȻؾͻлԣ֮´лһʣ󽫾𡣡
лҲ֪ɱȻ־Ķ࣬ߵʲôҪ󽫾ġ
ݱ֪Ϊϣʱ䳤ʸߵŽܵϵͨ켶ǿרģҪһ㣬ҲҪ˯ʮ֮ã󽫾ȴֻ죬̫԰ɡ
Ŷ֪ôһ̫ԷлЦеĿ
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ȴη壬¹ˣ΢΢ͷӵĿˮϦһҪսģ
лȻɱ󽫾Ǽٵģţƺһ㶼˵ȥƾʲô˵ͨ켶ǿרģҪ˯ʮ죬ƺ֪߿ûϾǿ߰ɣǰҲûⷽǿߵ֪ģ˴½ػߣͶʲô˰ɡ
ʵҵıģ˴˶ֻ˭Ҳûеơ
л˵ˡ
֪ģĻ󽫾ҲûʸҪش𡣡ߵ
Ǳ󽫾ҲûʸɡлͬЦ
Ȼĵػ֮ڣȨκοв½ػߵдҲǱΪ½ػһԱΡ
һӶĵл˲³
ұ˴˭֪Էĵϸ£˵£ܲ˾öġ
лЩĹ֣˭֪Ǳ˴˼ʵĹϵȻˣѵ֮˲ɣҪ༥ɵע⵽һ棬ǻ־ҲϸĲ鿴ʱŻȻһ㡣
Ǵͷ֮һƹе֪ģͨ쾳ǿߣרģҪںϣҲҪʮʱ䣬ƹ˵ģǶԣȻǾԲɵġ
أ
ʱ䡣
˵ʲô˻ʥٱ飬Ҳ֪ģҪҲǺġ
Ҫ̽л١
ͨһ㣬лɵЦȻ˼Ҫ̽ǾԸɣȻúڣǿɾͲˡ


1721  ˵㡾
лͻ־ʵĿģĻɣǷ׷ˮϦȴû͸һ㣬ΪУ˽ô̫꣬Ϥˣһʱǣ˱Ǿͷƹֵ֧ģƹĻ˵žԵεġ
׷ʡ
лļᶨ֧ߡ
лЦֹ׷磬ЦŶ˵ȻǶԴ½ػĹǲ֪֤󽫾ء
󽫾յĶ˵ųսͨȻͬʤĶֻ࣬Ҫǲҵһ̽һ£Ǵ󽫾ʩչսôȻġ˵
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˸ɴĴӦе㵣ѵлⲻܣԲܣôᳬԽͨ켶ǿߺܶ౶
Ԫ󣡡лġ
ڣ
Ԫ粽
ʵǿӹɵģеһƣܹʥĴΧ֮£м֮׵ķ˶նɱȴӻǾõ֤
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лЦãҴӦǣҿҪһСģλĸ£ʧɱɲҪҡ
ֻҪ󽫾ģҵȻ֡ЦԪҲҪעִ硣
Ԫĵģһᡮ顯ġ
֪޷ʹ꣬β񵶵ˣȻĻԪΪţлЦԪǿأǿ
ʮս۷弶Ԫǳʮսʵİ˱ңлʵϾǳߣԪ󶥶屶ңսȴǶİ˱˼㣬ԽԪʵ϶⶷һɱԪпܡ
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Ȼˣ˼ҲΪ϶лǼٵģԲ˿ѹġ
δȷ֮ǰƸ´󽫾¡Ԫƣ롣
лĵ㽻ֻҪȥ޷ǾǼҵǷսˣֻһ㹻ˣԪͽһбˡ
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Ԫʱеٵ˫۽ǰ
أ
ֵԪֱ۽㣬ǿŷȥꡱꡱһն϶Է˫ۣǿҲǰء
ԪϾʮս۷弶ǿߣӲǵסһֵ
лȴš
һǿߣžǸԼ鷳
лնԪطһ˲䣬һָ̧׼Ԫĺֵ״ǰһ͡
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ǴжʮǰѾȥһˣˮڿѾȷ뻤ӵģоһһֻ̤𾳽ϼһҪùǡ

һԼƽ˽ԪʬߣĿл󽫾ģ
˾Ͷл󽫾֤ˡлЦ
ͻ־һۣĳ˷ŭ𾪣лӲǴͷ϶顣
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󽫾ȻˣôǶʮ֮һҲҪ糣ˣڴ󽫾һսĵ
󽫾ҲһڴлЦ
һսԱģҲ⣬նɱɽ½ػ߷󲿷ֵ⡣
л𵶵λ
ԴˣˮϦδɣ˵ʲôͻ־ﲻҲ˵ʲôϾˮ
ǽǰΪ˻ӳԱɡл
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лЦϴػ֮ټٵ󽫾˵Ҫųһ뻤ӵʸ˵ǿʮ˵˵ǲģ󽫾Ѿȡһʸ񡣡
󽫾Ҫԭĳٵ˾ͶžǿһǶػ֮ĲΡŭ
Цһл󽫾𣬲жģоǣ󽫾ǵǾ仰ܹٵһСʱܻһ˼뻤ӵĻҲؼʱ̳ٵһСʱǲĶػ֮ĲΣԣ£󽫾һ˼뻤ӡ
ǱʼҪء
л΢΢һЦҪһ飬ӵһˣң󽫾˵㣬ڻ棬ʲôǣ
ȫˡ
˵ӣʹò֡
лȻĿֻҪҶ֣Ըˮڽͻ־͵ظɱ


1722  Ŀɿڴķ֡һ
Դո߼ļ֮׺ȻΪеϴ󣬸һػ֮ڼˮϦͷ׷綼ǺȥģȻҲżеֿʵѷɫΪ
ҲĿһеԸڴ½ػڲΪ˭ܹȡ
лĳ֣״
˿лԡ˵㣬ʲôǡĻԸб̼Ҫĳ嶯
ô󽫾ջ仰ĵ
лȻһЦ󽫾˵ȥĻʹûջʱûʸñ󽫾ջ˵ȥĻ
ǹ̼
ܹ͵ؽɱҲҪĵȥ׼ɷ̨ϵˡ
꣡
ŭһץӰ֣ҪȻվ𣬳ָлһѵո͸еһѹ
֪ʱӴתһߡ
һֻ̤𾳽ĸ֮һҲʱ뻤ӣΪһԱ
״Ҫվ
ĶԸ޷꣬޷γ񵶵л߼룬µùľˡ
˼ҿһֻ̤𾳽ˡ
ܹ֮£Ͳһ̤𾳽ģȻߣδͨ켶ǿء
кλ˵л
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ߣӲ֪ʧôд
л󽫾Ҳ֪дʧܶ֡
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׷״ƽŵգ󽫾ȻѾôѡӳԱǾͿʼɡ
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͵ͷĶԻ־ľ档
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лҲЩƣ֪ҪʲôǰһֱڱչأʼδϵǢʲô֪
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Žսʣ
Ҫ˵׷磬־ˮϦѣлҲһ
һǰ̤붫񵺻ֻ߽սʰ
һµʱ䣬ȻԽŽսʵĸ߶ȣʲôٶȣñ̬ݶٶȡ
лļǵãǰֻڰ˽սʳУ˽ս۷弶ңԶȻͻˣȻû˵ʲô˵ˮ֮Ѿشãܹľˡ
̲סʵػ֮ǣ


1723  Ŀɿڴķ֡
뵽˵ҪڱչصĻлʱʲôˣĿԣСħĬȻ
һνǼĬ
л΢΢ĵͷ
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һ䣬ͻ־ɫĸѿ
չأлǿϾǴ󽫾ݣûȨģǵõͷôǵӽѹġ
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ž
һĵ㵽ʲô˼ôһĵģɱԲԡ
ҧźҡ
ˣ߰ʣߣûϴΪγٵءĵ󽫾ݴ֮λ䣬˹Ȼɣ޹ʳٵ⴦ã辭֮һ
лЦ
޵аģȻҪɷ̨Ͻлɱ
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лûУȻûС
˵ûУһ˵ﶼӲˣɫǶħлѹ£ǹ̵Ҳ̲סһϲϣ
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鶯ѣ⻰ԾЩ˷ܵĵģ
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Ů񣬽֪
ǿɱܶģḻ֪иˮϦѹ֣ӵ˷ܣһʱﻹ˼ǰ࣬źͣʱֳ̳á
νͷ֪ҲһЩ˵ˣϾ̫ϡ档
ҲֻͨһЩ֪ƶϿܱ仯
ǺУһõԽԼľģʲôãӦãϸ
бУϣǱȻǰڳģʱϣԴѽͬһ㷢ӳﵽͨ켶ҲˣֻǱ֤˱ɱ֮겻𣬿ɶѡµĸˡ
һ֮ȴһ
ǾܹͨյıЩ˻߱죬޸޸䣬ᷢãһãȻһθ죬ͬһ㡣
л֮󣬵һоǣѰˣĻʹȻһã壬ǿػʥĵز


1724  Ŀɿڴķ֡
ƾػʥڵľҪͻƣǷǳѵģҪĴҲ쳣ʹͼѵģ˵ǼѰģǲز׽Ϊ֮ףҲ޷ܶ
ԵЩֵ֪֮л᲻֣ҸԼİŮƵĻֵֿܹͨĹƣȻҪֵġ
谭С
ǺʹˮϦľ
ûˮϦϸģտʼĴشϢκŮ˶ҪĵƵˮϦľԿƣлľЩӰ죬лʱľôһ
лŮ𽵹Ȼе̼֮࣬һĪĿһоˮϦ㾪г漤鵴Ĵ̼
ȶ
ˮϦҧ촽ƺһ
ҲŷǷŮӡ
ܹʮʱ䣬ʮս۷弶֪дǱǻ۵ŮˣлľһҲԴΪҪ׽Լľĵزܹ۵ĸ߶ȡ
Ҫ֪ľˣ
ҪﵽԿ۵ĵز¾磬ħ涼Ҳ˵ģЩͷҲδܹء
ʱ˿̣ˮϦϡ
Ǻûᡣ
һװлܹľˮϦһԼƽ䣬Ǿĵģʹջġ
ˮϦķ
ԺԾĸֳһһ棬һĻĻ̼飬ȶľʼֱļ
ˮϦһ
Ǳ忪ʼɣ˶һ״̬УԺиֵĻ潥ģʧǻҵľҲƽȣʼŸ߲νţڴﵽǸߵĵز
ľƵһ̣Ȼ䣬ڴһ߿漴ˮϦľĪһһ˿ĻңͷһȵѸٵϮȫ
ãˣˮϦɫ䣬صһû뵽Ȼʱ̱ˡ
ۣ
ˮϦһŬıһѪҲĵڵϣʶҲЩԺ
ͬʱڵŮҲﵽ˶塣
ǺһλȱµļݣķлȻڶɢһɵĹΣƴĳлһδҵĳȻѸٵĸԭ׳˽һĵزлҲһĽ⸲֮£ϵشţУлеԼıԵ
һﵽزлţʿɳȴͷ֮⣬˿ɱȵĵزħҲɣһˣħ޵ˡ
һ˶ǳˬѡ
лڣԼʱ仯ǽ찡һĻֱܹزˡ
ֻȴô׵顣
ȫָ׳ȻϲѣŴԼֵĶЦõܵܣĺԺһúõİ㣬ġ
һ仰ȵϢĳٴ͵ļ
ʱлҲ뵽ˮϦ֪һϷأһ뵽Ȼȥ棬ʱлоһ޵ģҪ֮Ϩо
лɫ䣬ֱӴӴϳ˳ȥ
棬ͿˮϦڵϣǻѪ˿
Ϧлһѱ
ˮϦʶѾģ׶ΣĴҲʾӲǱԼûл˯ȥˮˮ
лҲѾˮϦľڵѪȻڷҵĳͻнսļ
һǰδ˵η
Լ֪ν㱧ˮϦҪȥˮ
£·û·ɫǡʶģˮϦƳлһ˿ңȻһ֮£ģʶҲˡ
лЦܴ̼ʶѵġ
˵˵·ϣ漴ˮϦֱˮڡ
ҪȹԼľ磬޸Ҫ޵ģٶȽǽڼޡ
ˮ֮Ҫǿʢ
ԭǰػ֮һۣλڼ䣬ˮļ֮ˮ׵ļ֮ˮʥˮһ࣬ʹˮڴɾʥˮǳ֮࣬ˮ׵Ҳ١
лˮϦֱӳǽ׵ļ֮ˮʥˮĵز
ҲлҺ̬ʹɾʥˮϳԵʣʹʥˮлȻһ˿иУԲûжʲôų⡣
áˮϦأڵĶѾٵԪ
лȵá
ˮϦǿѪͻĸоҧأ۾ʼ̾ʥˮļ֮ˮѾʥˮ֮ڣʥˮֻ޷ӳʥˮ
ˣʥˮҲŷǳġ
һʥˮֱӱˮϦڣʼΪԼˡ
ʱлˮϦƽͷֿռָڵͻͻĲ
лԲ侫⣬ѿڵѪ
ŵĿȹ̾ˮϦû뵽ˮϦھȻѪ
ѪǱ˵ġ
ΪˣѪˮϦѪͼռˮϦѪͳͳתΪѪôܹ˵زģֻһֿܣǰ罵ٵ˼ͷֱϵѪеһԳ֣ſġ
Ϊʲô
˿ֲѪˮϦѹƵأȻܹԼѪ֮࿹⣬ѵˮϦѪҲ
лͷ𶯲ѣҲû˵ʲôĹš
һʱ䣬ˮϦǿȹɫԾЩҰףһ˥ӡ
ǲǺ֣ˮϦĵ
лͷųѪ
ûѯô£˵㻰ˮϦЩů˵Ψб飡
飿Ул
ҲΪʲô𣿡ˮϦ
лЦ㡣
ˮϦһĨ㵣漴¶һĨЦݣʵҲͦõġһ£˵ѪԼ֪λ䣬оǰʱؼڣ˶ҳֵģܹ֪ĳ֣ˮһˣҴ˺ܿͷѪ֮һǱˮĿıҪְͨ취ңƿˮһɴȴ֪õǰ˼һԾͷѪѾıȫѪԲŻᵼ־ͷѪĳͻҿñϵѪһѪģɲ룬ѪȻԽԽǿһǰж֮˾ߣһֱû뿪ʼûҳ


1725  ˻ֻ֮ذ塾һ
ˮϦ˵лҲǸпѡ
Ȼõһ˼ͷѪıԼѪ
ѹܹѪ⡣
Ҫ֪ͨͨ켶ѪǶǾģޱǿģͷľ͸Ӳ˵ˣǿ
ܹѪױл
ûҵõһѪϾ̫ϡˣԸӲȫܹб鳹׼ĻͿﵽѵزֱӽѪˮϦŵĵ
лб顣
ˮϦȥ㻹Ҫ׼ľ
ȥʣߵˣ޷ȷ˭֮ˣڻӵˣŵĹˣģҲôһ뿪ɵģҲͬұҪչصģûܹǷ뿪ʵѡлЦ˵һܹ˺øеĻᣬôܷء
ˡˮϦûİһۣﻹůģֻ뵽˹ĺ𽵹Լһ˿ҵıЩգЩ߇壬Ͻ񣬡ڱڣԭһСλڶ֮ϣ˵Ϲʥµһأ£֮ϵĵγɶ񵺣бȾҪĿ֮һһɣϹʥԷģǲŻ˽š
лԶ񵺵ĴطѾ˽ˡ
ҲһЩӡλڶ񵺵϶˽У˵ǾڳǺͻңԶĵط
ȥȡ飬ʤлЦתȥ
ˮϦлеӣζӳ£Сĵ㡣
лͷգգۣҿɻû˷أ¡˵ţЦ뿪ˡ
ˡˮϦһĨΡ
ͨлϢı뿪ڳǣֱλڶıȡ
ſȣ˿ʼ÷ǳ٣߶ûж٣ӽǧ׵ľ룬ЩԵ߶ټˣϾԱ٣гɵҲϡٵġ
ûãл⡣
ܾǸɽҶѾǱɽˣ溮ޱȣ̫գ¶ȺܸߵģǱɽϵĺҲûڻļðĺϵȥʹԶܶط
ȵĹȿǰһа׸ߵı鴣ţ֡ȣ嵹ɷģɷƣעǣּ͸ĺպϹʥ߸С֣֪꣬л༸ףȻоһɰѹ
оǻɣϹʥʵǷʮս۷弶п֮£λ˰ɡ
ȻĻο꣬˿µѹ
лʮս۷弶ǿ߽սǿƺҲû˿µĵزɡ
ΨһĿܱϹʥʵ
ҲûпܣıǿǶ֪ȻҪʵģ˷ҪǰȥʵĿҲҪ𾳽磬Ҫ߳ġ
Ķͨȫ
л֪˵صĽӽ򣬾пк޽ӽҲпѪ˳ûʶǰȫ
ոտĶͨлԺб㸡ֳǧҷΧһоȻǾԽĵطԽˣԺģĳһЩӰǧҵλãǺȻʮͷˡ
ǵλþλãϵѹԼ
徹ȻҲġ
֮ǰˮϦ˵ԱǳӣڿȷˣȻʮͷлͷӦǽʮսʼõķˣǵĽȿڸסˣһȶͷųķ˻棬ƺ˻治ϵգȸڻˡ
л״֪Ҫҵ飬ûô򵥵ġ
رԣҲûʲôѶȣѾûǰơ
һ̤أǱѣ¶滹Եúʵ
лٶڡ
ͺĵر洩ţͨĶͨȫԿԲڵһУ׵һǧ׵ķΧҲģĳ֣׾ٵıɴУ뿪ػĵط
ȵǷ˻滷Ƶĵطлͣ
ϽȥģһлͷǷ˻еһ˿ͬоȻĳǣ
лһ뵽˷˻ֻذ塣
ֻذʼնǷеģҲ˵ܹݺؼĸÿεԡܹȵܹıʣõİʼŪֻذ嵽ô¡
Ӧһ˿лһҪŪֻذĳ嶯
Ĳ˵ҪŪˣҲʲô׵
лǷ˻ҵĵطͣڴ棬ڷ˻Ƿ屾Яģͺһ֣һ˻ģ̾ͻᱻģֻܴڵ£ϸȥ
ȶ֮лغһ
ڿŴ֮ĵİܹĹͨ˾ͺƴصһ֣ʼЩ˻յ¶ĵرЩʪĸȼˣлݴ֮ĵĸȥӦ
ɽֻǸеرգûʲôȷеĸо
һ£лȥ˻棬ͬʱĶͨͷķˣ۲ǵĶ
л֮ͨģϣͬصһ֣ȥҲͬǴصһƵأ巽沢ûвǷ˻Լƣƾػʥ弫޵ʣ˵ͨķ˻棬ߴֻصķ֮𶼶õġ
ոдлһ˿˿΢ʹУԺԲơ
ҲʼǷ˻档
вͬǷ˻棬һĴֻأֻشԽ࣬Խǿ
ʱлķ˻൱ֻصķ֮൱Ƕл˵ʸػʥʱȥӦʲôҲûз֣أʱƣлͷһЩͬ
˻ڣƺһ
̼л궼һ˿¶ǿɲ˵ܹ껯Ϊ˵ܹѹл꣬Ȼķ˻ԶûѹĵزȴֳܹƵļ
˻ꣿ
лǺĹϸУûⷽļأ𵱳ڻĹ̡
֮˱仯ܵ˸ֹʦķ֣Ǹʱлڵһ׾ſʼڻģΪܵѹȣ˻йˡ
Ȼֻط˵ײ඼ǳĴΪҲ޸оĻͷųǿɾͷͬһˣǲʹһڻĹؼڡ
лǷ˻棬һ˿΢лŽһ˿΢ӷ˻ڰ


1726  ˻ֻ֮ذ塾
˻ֻذڣлҪŪֻذڣԼսһİ롣
ǰǺεȵѡ
ϾֻصǸŷ˵ĳģŸϵģǷ˻ıڣ룬ͱо͸ˣлҪСıǷ֣νǼ˷ʱġ
һĥ
ĸСʱлŽǲȭͷСķ˻ڵֻ
ȥ֮лҲעЩǡ
֣Щ˾ȻûиӦǱ˴˶˫Ŀ΢գƺУҲڳ˯һ㣬ֻż۾ܵ
ȷû֣лŰģȻǱ´Լ׵ĵطǷ˻ڵָֻ⣬һСţлʩչĿռͷˡ
л㿪ʼҺ̬
ʮʹ⻪Һ̬һͿֻСƺܵĳѹһģȻٵһСĴڣ΢΢ĲǶԱʾһּɵ
Ȼ˻еֻһĿãлҺ̬мžһʮĻͬһеķ˻棬ϾǾŲʷ˵
ѹ֮£лҺ̬ɵı͸С
Һ̬С߱
ԼСʱ֮лһĨĿ⣬һС磬̾ĵԭˣԭˣֻذڲ׽һƤëˡ
Һ̬룬лסֻСһ
лС磬ĵʱ壬壬ϰֻذ塣
ʱ壬л߰ǰԴʱ䶷ǧֻأʱ侲ֹ˻ףȴ
壬İ壬лԼҲףǻ굱ƾ貵İѹסɫ񵤶Ⱥлףȴжʲô
о塣
лԴʮʷƾۣı֡
ְϣǾǷеֻذ壬ֻҪգɾֻذ
ְֻ嶼Ҫ͸ȥſԵġ
ʱ壬лԣǽֻƤëԶûпռô룬ҲһСŵˣٿ壬Ǻ޲Ҫ뽫ְȫŪףȥȻ취ںǿɲǼ򵥵飬ôҲҪ꣬ʮ궼δܹ͸ġ
лֻС磬Ƿһ˿Ц⣬ǵȵսұɰĲˣֻҪȫ͸Ծͷݣпȥ˸ء
ֽ׶Σɲȥ˷ʱְ塣
ȻˣҲһĿꡣ
Ǿֻеʱ壬ʱǡǡлյʱ侲ֹһĹãǾֹ
֮ˣҲԭġ
һѡֻأǾͽԵϵģһʧ󣬾Ϳܳ׵ȥˣʱƷʱ侲ֹãͣ񻯣ֻͨذһԡ
лʱ侲ֹʮսʼʹʱ侲ֹҲԽԽСƿؼĸ֣ûаãܹٶʱ侲ֹôȻʱ侲ֹٶȷǿá
һС磬ҲǷ˻ȼյĵرģڵϡ
һľ㶼ڣһз˻ȼգеֻذаŵʱ壬ţ·𶼱ˣ綼Ҳ˻ȾţӳڲԶıɽ֮ϣɽǧϼѤʡ
һǱɽƣһǷ˻ϣһ̣صѭ˲Ϣһ㡣
֪ȥʱ䣬лһ뵽ƬУͬڣѭµֻؽ棬һƶ֮Уأڵսתѭһʱ֡
ʱ棬ʱ̶ȣǳ׺
ʱţʱ潥˵Ļ棬Щǳ棬ͬȼŵǳ֮һ㡣
л۾Ҳıˡ
ÿκʱֵķŴСҲӰ쵽˻ͻȻС֮
һ±з˵ע⡣
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һֻķˣյķ˻ʣǾֻصģʵҲ൱ǿﵽʮսʼľ硣
ֻضٴΣ;޹أֻյķ˻ֱӵĹյķİйˡ
˻
ֻصķ׷һ˻еķ˻涼һӱȷ˻仯ĸԴڣлڵλãֻķ˻£޷ķ˻档
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ǵĿ궼лڵλá
ел˫Ŀ΢գǷһ˿Ц⣬˵ʵһ˻мŵʱǷǳǳϡٵģҺ̬ȫУٵġ
˶ķ˻潵䣬лҹˣ̰峺Ȫˮһ㡣
ٿʱŵĻҲԽԽ࣬лʱ֮󣬸ɴཫֻеһʱġ
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һ˻Ȼը졣
溮ޱȵ̴˷ӿͬĻһ⣬һ𣬡ô£
ƺʲôǵĻ档ֻصķ˵
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лȻ˫ĿһʱʧҲѸٵĳ£Ȼ뿪ܹӦͻлеǿƺƿûҵ֮ǰɲھһս
ͨл˲Ϣ䴩Խǧ׵ľ룬Ҳǽӽȵڲˡ
ӵ³ĶͨԼڱȵƺǿڷǳԶĵطĶֻͨһѣлѸٵȥ
ǰףֻȻ൱ңԶǱڴĺңԶ
ͬлҲоǿۻ룬ǳľˡ
ΣлҲٶû£ɲ뱻֣ɽܹӳճΧľһͿֵܱġ
ֳлҲʶ˴Ѱұѳ̶ˡ
ֻһ޴ıɽǰʮ˾ۼһ𣬻߰ƯڿУԲıɽϹעܵ
Щ˶һͬص㣬Ž
ǶǹŽĸ֡
л֣Ϊ֮˾Ȼֲεģһֻ̤𾳽ĳǿߡ


1727  ʵλáһ
ʲô
л˶ĹŽ־ۼڱڣһδģҶ϶ЩδǰֹҲǱڵʱ䲻һˣǺܳʱˡ
ôڸʲôء
뵽ǰıȱµϹʥдļ֣̺ŵУлðһͷ
Ϲʥй
лȻڵ£ĶͨӵޣһжУܹһϢ
ڱڸû滹зػţʩչʹøҲǲеģǵĽ̸κһ㲻ıл˸
ʱ˿̣һŽսʹùŽһɽÿһնȥǶˣɢȥֻǼһߣնȻնȥնƺҪΪĿһֵͨ˵ʲôԲŲὫױġ
̫ϳϣҪɽҲǱ飬ܲܳȥǱ̫ˡһʮսʼǿߣһֻ̤𾳽ߣٴһ˿Ŀ
̫ϳƲһ۴ˣ䣬ǲȥл
Ц̫ϳϹȻ˽ҡ
ߣҿųģһ᲻˽⣬Ҫʧǣҵ飬˭Ҳ뿪벽̫ϳĵ
ΪʲôüƾʲôǹŽôʲôʸǡ
Է̬ȣðлһ㶡
˵ȻƿˣŽ嵫ⶫϵˣǶǶԷмӵġ
ΪʲôΪʲô̫ϳ׿죬òų̾һҲϣҲ峤Ǹӡ
ɫ΢䣬漴ɥĵһжɶ֣Ѹı䣬̫ϳϼô죬ʲôء
̫ϳԣҲһЦǰŽעˣҪһҪͷһ飬Ѿ޷룬Ҿϣ뿪񵺣عҹŽܵڣޣгһգŽΣǻȥΪ屨𣡡
˵Ѿޱȣɱ졣
лԣһҲڳһɱȻŽѾעɵˣЩҲС
壿˭ҹŽ壬ƾǹŽ˵츳ѪֻҪƽһЩʱգӻһʱ䣬ȫԳɳ⣬˭ҹŽ塣Ȼ
ŽѪڣҲǷ׷׵ͬ⡣
ûƣҹŽܴȫĸ߶ȣǵĵȷʵһȺ֮ɾ͵㡣̫ϳϵ
ʥǣĿһ
̫ϳϵͷǡ
亮Ȼʥǣлڶ񵺣ɴཫնɱҲʡȴ鷳
ãȻһֱ˵˺лܹжնɱл̫ϳ
ھȥ
̫ϳߵãҵˡ
Ǳƺһֿܱ꣬ƭġ
ᣬҶ϶⸽ҪлǸлأ걬նɱʦ̫ǿѾϹʥµƻˣ˵аҵֻǱϹʥ׼ɱģǷĳҲһǿɶҪСģԷһ̫ϳϵ
ɱģ
лԣͷһһĺϢ
壬ǹϵģǵֻذ壬ʼնܰΣգǱܹɱĻǸҪˡ
Ϣϸ۲죬ʱ׼ᡣ
ͬģлҲЩ˶ɱģ˵ûбֶθԻ󣬶ԷĹǹŽģΪԼ壬ȻҪԼģȻҪ䰵ɱлȻҲɱ
лᣬɱ⼸ˡ
ֻлҲЩֵĻԶԿǹ̫ϳǾ͹ͷ۵ģΨȲһ˲ſԡ
䣡
л˼УȻһ촫
ȴɽȻһǿĳɽĸֵѪɳȥ˻ڿУǱɽһ޴ɽӿһɾ˵ĺһʮű׶ĺХȥĿǾŽսʣƺҪնɱŸġ
Ž˶û뵽˱仯
̫ϳϷӦޱȣйâһŽȻնȥǱ׶նˡ
һ棡̫ϳϴȵ
䣬һŮ̩ұǹŽ巢ͻģȻһҪ嵱ǾͱҲˡ
лüëɵһ
ĶͨȻûв׽ԴأڵΪĶܹͨԲһжֳܹޱȵܹɽŰ˸ϵս꣬ЩսʵǳʮսʾˣΪڣȻıϢսǿ˼ɵ
˸ϵս꣬Ҳûκлעġ
Ҫ˵ǸԴ
лĶͨϸ϶ܾܿǱڵ괫ģϹʥʶǣء
֪֣ȻǱڵǵˣߺߣҲа֮˰ɣҵҪߡ̫ϳϹ̩Ц
ߣǸŮ˴һ˿Ūĵ̩ǹģǼǰǸлնɱʦƽʥµƣƾǣһ꣬Ҳҵҵڣ˴Բѡ
̩ߵϹʥʣһĴڣҵ޷ƽµһҲϾȵʱѾﵽ𾳽磬ƽȷҪһЩʱ䣬Щˣ㣬õ飬Ҫȡ꣬ļ䡣

Ů˷Ц
ұݺһǵһ˸˵Ҫȡҵ꣬ͼϹʥʶ֣ұնϣʥ˼磬ƾҲвң֪ĿЦ
ĿЦùŽһȣǱķǶһ˻ƺʲôشĺ塣
л֪˭ȴܶ϶ɽھûб飬ЩŽֱƭˡ
ƣǱƣ̩еЩɬٴС
һֱֺܽĹ䶼䱸ˣͬʱıһ㣬ս˱ĹŽ
ôҲ̵֡Ƶ
̩һŮΨбƣ˭˲֪ǺеĶŮϹʥȴϹʥŮκεǣΪɱϹʥʵŮˣϹʥʷȻϾһйϵȴϹʥʳհ˷ĵزΪ˲ϧͬھϹնɱϹʥ꣬һöУؾɣϹʥ⵽׷ɱͻȻճնȻҲ㡣
֪̾ͺã̶ܹնϣҪ˵ǼСϺˣǣǾȻ֪ôҪҳȺǾݹֹɱˡƺ
ֻѾû̩ЦΪϹʥߣǳֶԸ㣬㲻ܻܲʮսʼһܴȻĸɱˣɳ˴ϵսֻһֿܣ㱾Ѿû˶


1728  ʵλá
̩Ļ£ЩŽѾһ³ȥֹǰ˴ϵս꣬Ѿ϶ɽ֮ڡ
֣ѡ
ޱХ裬ĴضʼѣܵıɽѺۡ
˴ϵսɵķء
ǱԵģڣϵս귢ӳԶԶеʵͶ䣬дĺǿŻǰͨùŽǰ벽
˫ɱѷѽ⡣
лһЦʹ뿪ˡ
Ķͨȷڴ˵أҷԲǧ׵ķΧڣûв׽ǱڱԴ
лͿʼĴѰҡ
ûãƵٶǹŽĹཻ̩棬ƺҲǹ˼һ㣬Ļмǹģҹ̩ǰ˴ϵսͻһù̩϶档
ƾлػصѰ١
뿪Ǽսĵط׵һԼаǧ׸ߵıɽ֮£лͣ϶ԴӦֻǲ֪õʲô취ԽݵңԶĵط޷֪صص㡣
ǡ
վڱɽǰͿɽһ麮ƶһĵĶڣ洫ƵȻôҵĵطֲܹͷԿ·磬ɣл
лһ£Ȼ֪Լĵ
ɽڣлֱӷУһֱܳͨɽĵشġ
ͨȥ
ĳٶкϱա
ôˣҶ㶯֣Ƶͨľͷһ˿ĺ⣬ͨڶһɱĺ磬˾ɱء
лȻһЦǰҶֵġ
ΪʲôƵ
һǰΪеģҲˣǰȻ֪˭ǱȻҵԼҽѡǰյȻǿ󣬿˼磬ûн֮ǰһζҪߣ˼綼ûܹסҡл˵¶һɵİǾԵš
ͨͷĵҲ˵Ľ
漴˳ĬС
л׵ĸ߶ǰƯš
Խǧ׵΢µͨһǿĵطԶ溮ǧĺ⣬Ϊڳһռ䣬ÿһ麮ƺŷǳ󷨵ϣʹô˵ػǲһ㡣
վУлоһ˿ĺ⡣
ټĿռڣվʮϵս꣬ƾлϵս꾹Ȼﵽʮսʼ۷ľ磬һֻ̤𾳽ĸ߶ȣҲǾŽս۷弶ʮսʵĿࡣ
Ҫ֪սγɷǳѡ
Ҫսﵽʮսʼ𣬸ϼѣ˶ıϵս꣬ĸ߼ҲʾƵֶΡ
ռĵطһ̨Լһң½ףͨ徧Ө˸͵ĹâŵĿռյĺą̃һöӨ͸ӣȭͷС͸ģһƯţǾǱƣΪһŮıơ
֮⣬ĺ󷽣һռԼϰƽ׵ˮأˮҲɢʹ⻪ƴһ˿ճվڲԶܸоĵһ˿˿ܰ洫ݳƢˮһ񽣡
лǱƵ˻֮УһЦһޣһȻʧӣҲûš
֮ǰ̩ǲԱƵ˵УҲܲµƵҲǳĿɬ𣬶Ϲʥźĸ飬ȴ˵زҲ겻ѡ
л㻷ܣ溮ޱȵ⡣
˵صԪ֮棬ҲлŨȤһһķεĸо
鲻Խı㿪ʼԪ
ɵҲûʲô˼Ǵ˵صıϵսôǿҪĻɹĿԶ΢Сġ
֪˶ãһ̾Ϣ
ĵĵĺ񣬴ӲκĻᣬⲨܵؼ䣬ԼһƬء
űʧлҲ֪˵ʲôá
֪ôˡƵ
ǰ֪ҿԴǰȥѰңϹʥ硣л˵
ƵʱúܼŭȥʲôͱŮҵ̲סģЩŮ˸ͳͳɱġ˵¶Ȼ֮ɫЩĵΪʲôҪŮˣôɫɶĳˡ
ű̬лҲһʱͷ
ɴ첻ԣ鷳
ð죬Ʋ侲ĵǲŮƣ
лҪش𣬿һŮ˵ı֣Ҫ˵ԼеĿľҪʧˣˮϦȲ
˼ת䣬л벻˵ʵɻߣȻʶԣŮ˿֪ģǱȻƽҲһ˽⣬϶֪мλŮģ˵ѵĻץסѱ
ǰҴҪģǰлɴװûת˻⡣
۾Ķл˵ĸо꣬һʵʵڵˣãЦӻǺʹȻתƻ⡣Ҳû־ʲô£˵ɡ
ϣǰ־һˣͷ֮һֱϵѪעѪ䱾һ΢˼ϵͷϡѪܹƣ֮ԣʹѪռϷΣգϣñһáлʵ˵
ϵͷϡѪһ£漴˵ˮϦ
лǰϵ
Ƶϵϵңܹõһ߱ϵͷϡѪҳȥˮЩ֮ˮƱϵս꣬ҲҲгˣĻᱻעѪģ
Լһɿߵˣ˵ݼͷ˼ֱϵѪ֮һԳֵģ˻ߣδڳǰȻԵһȡл˵
롣Ƶ
룿
ле㲻죬ǰ
죬Ҫ룬ѵֻѪҲ̫ûˣȻҪҪ𾳽磬ȻšƲͷĵ
лԣһ
λҲ̫ǿ˰ɡ
һ֣ҪѪΣգҪ£һ֣Ҳ̫е̬˰ɡ
ȻӦһоͺ˵
лҲͰˣҲʼ￪ʼȴ˰취Ȼ뿪ġ
ͣôżƵ
ǰʲôԸлʵ
һָˮأȥʱļҺкô
лϲϽлߵˮǰʱ͸еԼսеƺҪ壬ɵһ漴ϲ⼫ҺϢǿսٶȽ׵ġ


1729  塾һ
սлѾ˷ǳѵĵزҲоν֮˵ȻǳңԶɾˣսǵõ֮Ҳһﵽİ˱ˣԴ˱ǰһˮɱʦǰ֮£Ȼûս˿ɱļ
Դл֪սѾѵĵزػʥ廹Ҫǧٱֹ
սҲսǿĹؼڣлܹٶսǿĶء
վǼҺǰһƢȫ̹õǣƺԵãȻлеͷޱȵѣһ˼·
лҪˮС
ţƵ
ǰʲôԸлѾЩżˣ⽫ʵһء
ս֮ǰʵԽ࣬ôȻҲԽġ
Ƶ⼫Һҷǳķӣרơ֮ԴУͽмҺġ֮Դռ
֮ԴԷİɡл
㻹ͦģû֮ԴֻֻҪʹɳɱ壬񡣡´лľԣԣҲڽģоǣ׼·
лɴ۾
Ʋͷĵʲôѵῴ㣬㲻ʹ𣿡
лһ죬ȴʹÿռܹͬߡ
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һУлѹ·ֱԾ⼫ҺڣһУǴ̹ǵĺлЩʵ̫ˣʮսʾ磬ػʥ壬Ȼһʱ䣬ҲЩ޷ܡ
õط
л;ϲĽг
ػʥ޸꣬Ѿﵽ˼ޣֻҪһͿĵز
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ѰʺϵĻػʥ壬Ҳֻýϣ֮˵ϣӶ
û뵽ļҺȻ
лȻŹ溮ޱȵĺ壬תȫ̼ŷǳʹУбļĺҲƲɢϵظлϡ
һĻʹлҪг
ʹζܣͬģζŶػʥ彫ŷǳİһͻػʥġ
̣
лҧأǱ̹ǵĥڵսҲûţսͬڷٵĳɳš
ں϶ʹлİʱԪǿΪ棬ɫлҪĿ죬ֻǷûаˡ
л˫¡
ػʥ岻ϵصõϵţлٶȴĸо·ʱܿһƫƫû취ȥͺǰǳɹĵط̧ſȥ͵ˣƫƫһ̧ˣȻôҲµĵطǲʹġ
սûˣš
Դ̤ʮսʾ磬Ȼʱպ̣ܶ˵û죬лľ̫ḻˣľںľͨĳʮսʵǿܱˡ
˷ͻͽļ
һһͬлؽһ޶
ٶ֮죬š
սл̫עˣһ˼Ŀػʥ壬Խǵʱ̣Խ֤ؼʱˣֻҪȥǾĸ߶ȣܴƴ
ʱжɹ
أле⺮ٺ䣬ĺҲ࣬ļͶѾﵽ˽̬ĵزȻûпĸ߶ȡ
ǱʶУлĸоʮֵ
ͷ֣⼫Һ·ӵĺ䲻֪ٱ㻺³³Ǻ㿪ʼӴ
ˣͿлÿһʱͻ³
³ĻϱٶȻᱻûãǱͻʧٶ³ٴα
ʮΣлͷ˼Һڡ
޵ͬʱƵһ˼ΰˮϦѪͻƾ磬һϷˣŹŽ塣
ƾյЩϵս꣬¹Žˣֻҹֵĳ֣ĹŽͷ֣ΣˣֻùŽƽĹŽ㲻ȥȻҲʱð취
֮лоһƨˮصײ
ŵصһ˲䣬һɺлоѹȻˮصײ˲ͽлһĴڣֻǺڣźǱҲڻڻϡ漴ٶȱлŵλãǡǡǼҺ۳һСֵı֮ԴǰӦġ
ǡǡлͻػʥṩ
һδεĳЭ
лսҲʱ΢ı仯
սǲ˵սͬʱҲʼű֮Դһ˿˿ĺʹսҲһЩı仯Եļ
⼫ҺҲڷž˵ɱ䡣
ΪлԵʣվҪ⼫ҺľԼ壬ȻľҪһֵġ
ǼҺԵЩļ
ǵлǱ֮ԴʱȫţǱ֮ԴҲ˳
֮Դ۶ɵģһ֪ģ̾һС֣Ȼǳٵһ㣬ǼҺȴԭӵ峺ӵʹ⻪ҫţͷųĺʤ
ڵıƼӦ
ЩȻĿ򱻸ĵطСӣûбԣûˮԣȻԼ֮Դ
Ψ֮Դζʲô
˼ˮϦ⣬һЩ޷˿̸Ӧ֮ԴǼҺҲͳͳɱ䣬뵽˽İ취Ƿһ˿Ц⣬
һкӿһӽΧķ˻涼Ϩ˲١
ǺŵĿռڣһһ궼ؼʱ̡
лѾڷٵתţһδεĴƶ˸Եı仯ȫÿһطõĴһݼ尾ʹҲ𲽵ļҲʼɢһֵı⡣
ǳɾļ


1730  塾
лİ߾磬һɾͣ˵ǳԽͷеĿĸֵʣЩʵﵽͨλӽͻƵˣҲ޷֮ġ
лսͷʱ򣬶ԾͷǸεʶҲţֻҪɣǾͷνҲ޷֮ġ
һɾͣ˵ǹ룬е٣ͬȼĸҪ˺ͬϼѣӵмҪӳ߰˳ɵſԣܹãҪ뷢ӳȫǳǿҲδؿġ
һֱﵽߵ徳磬׽׳ɹ֮󣬰֮Ψ巽ɳܵѹʹлͷʼѹš
弴ɾ͵һ̣лķſģͬ󳹴㣬ȫķɣ飬˼գƺҪԽؼ磬ħһ㣬Һ̬ҲܵĳӰľţûӣлƿصȴڲϵš
һ̣л˶ÿޱȡ
ǼҺΪһ壬ƳΪ֮Դһ˿˿͸壬彻ڣĴһ״̬С
¡¡

Եڵܰлɢ·Ǿ£صɫ˸
һкһ㡣
ĿлҲǷһĨЦ⣬壬û뵽ҾȻ˿ٵĴﵽĵز
ĥѣлڿԽػʥĵز
壡
лֱ۾ĵĸԼı仯ÿһļԲ˵ϲĻԭĵطѾޱȡ
ϣлͺȵػ
һ䣬Ϲ⻪һһĨƾո֣лöػ֮Ѿػ֮ȡ
еػ
۷öػ֮ܵʮֹ
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оǣػ֮⣬ıҲﵽ˽̬ĵز
ɴ˷ͬα
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˼˭Ķ֣
лһȫžļͣһʮսʣȫԼһȭܷ˺
ڴս
ļ˼ӣлƽֻĻˣи·Ҫߣͷľ߸ϣͷ޲ϵʵǸ߷塣
лʼԼս
ĺô䣬ΪٶģһʱЦ
սࡣ
ԭսֻǸոտʮսʼǿߵУӽ߱ˣ֮ʮս۷弶Ĳֻ࣬һˡ
࣬лԣеޡ
˵սǿֲĶԵķٶȣɱʮս۷弶Ǿ֮ͣɱοޱȵĿֲս
л뵽սʱսӴ⼫Һʱֱ仯
ϲ鿴սǷбʱ仯
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սȷȻǴȵҲѾﵽ˶ľű߶ȣôлԣζʲôأ
Щһֻ̤𾳽ĸ֣¶Եֵȫһˡ
ȫ汬սλǷĶأ
Ŀǰ˵лǱʾɡ
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һϵеı仯̼лս߰
ҪҴܣʹʹɱһйһ¡
лˣϳ֮ԴƵ洫л˼
лӦһ½ˮӵײ
һҺ壬͸״ճҺ壬һ㵭Ĺ˸ţСһҺ壬лܹɾ壬ҺӹΰǱ֮Դ
һץһռγɵĿռ򣬽ҺУл߳ˮӣ·ռǱǰ
ڿռ巽ΪĺܲڵıƶЩȡ
лЦЦֻһЩСֶΡ
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֮ԴӴ̱͸룬һƬӨҺƯڱڡ
ǰϦڵѪνлǹĵĻһ㡣
Ҫܼ򵥣̫˷ˣͻ𾳽磬ԺܴﵽĳɾͶԣǺܴʧƳһ취ȵĺһɽڣٰȥŽһЩѪԼľѪγɱܹѪҴʹϡıϵͷѪԻָѡ
лϲǰ뽲Ҹô
򵥣նɱеĹŽˣɱͽˡƵ
лһü
Ƶˣ
ǵǣǴ˷֮ǰҶҪֻɱЩŽˣǰ˵ıеѶȡл˵
Ƿһֱˣб棬һֱڱ֣϶ġƶлߺߣСҵļҺڿޣǵõٺô壬ҼģֻƹͷܹǿʢһЩҲ㣬ڿʼϵѪ˵ȤҪעˣţǱҲ⣬ñ֮Դģǳġ
л㵵Ŀűƣ湻ģȻһ۾Ϳ
ǿɻ󣬱˵Ǹ˵ʥҰƵģȻк˽⣬ѾԶԶԽʥ޵ĵزΨͨ켶ܹԺҪСģ巽ȻȤģˣȥְɣҪˡ
лǰָ㡣лû뵽и˸ӵĹעÿԣǻɱĻ»ǰǺͷ巢ͻģڷΪʱҶҶֻ֣ƹҽ棬ǲǲҪɱƹ֮Է塣
Ȼ棬лƿصͬʱԿͷǻʤҲȻʧصģοѪл񣬷ɳ֮ʶлûǸá
ƲͷĵֻҪȡñľѪˡ
лЦǰܿðɣҾʧģ


1731  һ
ƣŽĳɾͿ²Զʥڵĵһʥ壬ѪԷǷġ
лԴҲŲɡ
ֻϧŽվʥԵվԼĶ棬Ϊ˵ˡ
뿪ڵɽлֱǹŽڵλá
ΪֹŽ˻֪Ƹˣˣ϶ǸɽڣںͰ˴ϵսƴɱţȻʵǿ󣬴ݻٱ飬һֱСģҹַҲð˴ϵսܹסǡ
ҲǱƵս
лһɳ죬ռݸ߿գӸµĸš
սڳ
ŽƼٶȺлĲˣЩŽȴһŮ˵ˣת֪
û϶֣Ķ֮ͨ£ѲܵΡ
ǱлҲóǸֻذʱ򣬸ӦͻıϢˡ
ˡ
䡭
ս֮ϣĴصѺۣܵıɽҲڲϵر𶯵ĳһѺۡ
ҡض㡣
лȤؿţЩ˵ʵжԼǽ֣֤ͨԼİ
˭
Ŀ̫ϳϹ̩ϣӦһֻ̤𾳽Ǳʮս۷弶ǿ߻Ҫǿġ
̩ףʱлĿԡ
ˣλðæĲֺҶôˡлЦеĻʾ⡣
л̩ȵ
ʼ磬л˫۱磬ûҾǵ񱩾ʥ֮л
һ£ȴѾɽںͰ˴ϵսʴսĸ⣬йŽͳͳĽ䱸
һŽ֣ضлٴеӡ
ԭлҹ俴ʲô֮ӶŽҪɱȥ
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̫ϳϣˣɱĴûᡣ
ȻˣͲܣҲлԸ񡣡̩ĵ
̫ϳ˽ҡлЦҼȻҹǰȻͲߵģοƾǻûҵߡ
ԣȻŭ
̩ߵ˵лȻ١
ҪǮġл
ߣıǮǺͱŮ֣Ųǵİɡ̩ĵ
Ʋһ۹̩ǽӲݣлЦ̩ôתĨǣҲ޷ԶǶ֣ǰҪ¸Ͼˡ
̩ҿѱˣҪסǣ취߰ɡ
֪ǰͲһֱǵϷˣġлŹ̩ȹŽ˻һ϶ƾڴ˵صӣҡͷ
̩ߵǼȥҪƻ顣
ĸŽɱȥ
ֻŽֻ棬̩͹ڡ
䣬ȥλ˵еĵ˼ߴɫʵĵ񱩾̩Źʹɫ
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쳤ХһŽʣ˽һһƿնȥǹŽеնա
һܹӵޣ͸ȶŽҲӳﵽնɱһеĵزƹŽǿĶ֮һ
ʮս۷弶ʩչһչֳƽ˺һ㣬ճһ޴ѷ졣
նգ޷ɱлҲ˵ġ̩ĴŽֵͷŻ
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յл˫ֱ磬Ž£ĿǹƥһﲢûʲôȣǣĿǷ֤أ
һԣЩðգ׼Ҳûʲô
лĶһеػ̸ֳ֮ػ֮ŵĹΣȥҲʵƾͬһ㣬һܹѿƵء
ն
Թ⽾֮л˾ٶΪǶ裬ܹܣһϺȣŽնƿ顣
лҲ۾񽣹켣
Ҳе㵣ĵģϾʵڷ߶ĹŽùŽʮģǱ˵ս
ˢ
ӣͬһ߻ա
ž꣡
ĹŽػ֮⣬һ֮£лػ֮⵱ѣͬģһЯҲ൱һֻ֣ǿһ߳ˡ
ػ֮⣬Žֱлĺ
λлﵽɾ磬ΪﵽͷҲԲܽλóģΣյġ
лһֱ̧ץ˹ȥ
Դ󣡡䶯ŭһеĹŽ㻮һĻߣӲƹлƣɨĸ첲

лǵˣҽƵһҲòΪ̫֮̾ˡ
лҲûʩչٶȶƼ٣ǹŽվڸ첲֮ϣ֤һԼķ
Ѿػ֮ĳɵˣǹǿʢ
ž
Žվлĸ첲֮ϡ
лҲٿȻޣעһɲ붪첲ģԸĽв̱ˣԷһľٶ
նи첲һ˿ʹд
Ҳһ˿ôвʹУл´󶨣սӿѸٵľۼǱնеĵط
ʹжȥ

ͬʱ
лɵùЦ䣬ô𣬸
⣬⡭ǽҲǰһĻˡ
ȫһնлҲͰˣлȻûһƣǱŽնеĵطֻһߣҲ֮ʧˡ
նգ
ͬʱ̩һҲ֮
леӹһûնԿ̩һϾء
ȻĽ̬ɻһ㣬ǾҪ뷢ӳǿҪսΪģлֻʮսʣӳԶûдﵽʮ֮һȻҲͳޡ
˵лʵҲǿġ
žž
лٶȹ죬ֱӴϼȭף˸׹⣬̽ץʩչǿĹ̩ĹŽͬʱѾҲ˳ȥ
ȣ
ǴѾӵĿǹ䡣
л嵲סԼǿһûˣ˵ԹĴ൱أһʱʧ񣬿ϾǹŽٮٮߣҲǱģлţ̾ѹٵĺˣͬʱӽն
أ
һƬӰдĽײ
һܸ춯
䱻лһŲǰ·̤һӡǰҲһɫĽӡ۵Ĺҧ֣ƺһɳȥ
ʱлץȥ
֮ŭ
ұۺƻһƣػڹ̩ĹŽ֮ϡ
䣡
ҵײ֮£һŶĿĹʱл͹̩ͬʱһ𣬸Ʈʮ׵ľ롣
лδסΣĴŽȻɱ


1732  
˵ʵǱȹ䶼ŲСĲ࣬ˣлٶȸػ֮⡣
أأأأ
İѹŽͬʱնػ֮档
ػ֮ⶼûбֻǳһѺ۰ˣлǺκεӰ졣
лЦһͬݰת
һת˫ȭҲЯŵ׹⣬ĺȥ
ɲǼǽȭȭӰĴŽָءһܼĺĴŽֵϡ
̼䣬˱ǹǶϽ۵ˡ
ҽУĴŽֱɳȥܵɽҵһҵҡΣѪڱɽ棬ƶ÷㡣
Ѫ֣̾ͻѪ͸ɽ֮ڡ
л֪ǱƳˣռŽֵѪνıġ
л˻
վյл䣬ǵҲǸˣ
ߣҲնĽղ֮
лЦǹࡣ
ɱ
䱩ŭŽһа׳Ľ⣬ʮףֱ߿գͨ˸
˶һǹ̩̲סϲ䣬㾹Ȼ޳˴ɱ
ҪɱӶŽҰն
𣡡
л쳤ХҲܵɱǿˣ㽫ػ֮ⷢӵޡ
ǰ֮Աɻ飬ֻǶ˲ɵսְ֧ˣлȫսӳܷӵߵزȻֻʮ֮һֻǰٷ֮һȻױȵĿ¡
һƾո֡
õ㹻ս֧֣ʹǹֿȥǲһݣ࣬ʵࡣ
ͬʱлҲһ㱦⡣
Ļᵽһɵܰлɢܹ
Ӳɱ
߾ǿֶΡ
ˢ
ҰնﵽޣǾ޴Ľ·ȶնһ㣬صնǷлĹ档
ȫսֵ֧ػ֮Ҳҫ貵Ĺâֿš
ײı졣
¡¡ϡ
л΢΢һӲûжֺǿµĽնУػ֮ҲѺۡ
ƣҧȵ
񱩵Ľ֮ϸһĻ棬Ȼһ·ǻд׵
˻棡
лͷһȻ˷˻棬ҿӣǺܸ߼ķ˻棬ӦŰ˴ֻصķ֮е׵磬϶ɵ׻Ծ춯ء
һ߷ʹý
꣡
޴Ľ֮£ػ֮ٶ飬ֱǿĽҲŹ˻صն¡
лЦ
ϣɱ׻ǿػ֮ȫ߷֮ͬһ߰˳ɵʣµܹ忹
Ҫ֪лֿǱػ֮Ҫġ
ᣡ
лͦţ˫ֵ
ȥɣţŽ£׹ص¡
һʱ䣬ǹ̩ɴ۾ţҲЩţ֪һЧΡ
أ
޴Ľлš
;׵֮£л̻ҷ𣬳׵ɢ¶׳ģĹͭɫš
޴Ľлǰ
ǿл弸޷סһɽһ㣬εվ壬һ
֮Ϲ⻪ʢ
ڹâ̫ʢʹл˶âǣҲӰǹȴܹол״
ǿֲĽȻδǰƶֺҲ˵лƤûնƣҪ˵նɱˡ
ҧó̵ȫȥˣǹ̩ҲܸоĵڿٵļѾõޣ޷ȥˡ
ۿǽٵļɢ
лٶȸֳȻվϰУ𣬸ûһ˿ڡ
䣬Ҳôվ֣ҷֺлЦ
ڴڵĴŴ첱Ӵ֣ǲģ۵ģɱǹŽĽɶȫʩչЩѣļ󣬻Ҫ߶׻ĵ
꣬ꡭ
Ŵлĳȥ
䡣̩
Ȼͷͬ˵ħޣһ˫۾Ѫɱ⣬ɭɭĶлҪɱ㣡
̫ˣɱңǲܵġлһָҪһ£ҪɱĻǾûʲôѶˡ
̩һɫ䣬ĸŽ˱ɱҲ̫⣬ǹ䲻ͬǹŽδһƽͿܳͷľ磬ԲµģҹҲŹŽѪ
ıҪ䵲
׳ХͷһĽϱŷȥ˽һһĽⱬȥ
䲻ɣ̩еҲһٶȳ
Ž嶥ǿߣֳ
лǷһ˿Ц⣬Ѿ֪ˣǳǿͬУ˹塣
Ǵﵽͷأ
ζŲ˿Խ乥ɱˣϾͷν޿ɻҲһĵûгԽǵĵȼͬȼ˺ġ
֤һսɡ
⣡
ս߰лҲͷ˳
չʮ׵ĳȣ׵˸ţȶ̽лٶȷӵޡ
Ƶ磡
лһ׹£˲Ϣ̺ȭǼſֲصĺȥ
䶫ˮ
Ĵ󶷼ں϶ɵĶ⶷
һȭȭӰ裬Ѹٵ£лȭͷ֮ϣһ±ڹĹŽ֮ϡ

ǹŽҵļۣҲڹϣʮ׿ĹŽ֮һ޴ȭӡ
ǿս͸ŽĶعǼҪѣѪֱײһɽ֮ڡ
ͬʱ̩ɱҲˡ
лһЦһΣƾʧù̩˸ա
Ƿ֮Ʒ硣
ˣƽ⡣
ٶȳ֣лѾǹҳɽڣҪɱȥнնɱ
˻
ʱһ˻
һͷ޴˫չа׵ľ޴˺ճ֣ͨ嶼ѩ׵ģðŵȼյİɫ棬ɢȴ溮ޱȵĺ⣬ʤȵĺ䡣
Ƿı
յĻǱ棬ڷǳּ֮ģ֮УҲֻž߱ı档
˫𶯣һ㣬һӱһɽǰ۳ɱܣסлȥ·һл
лûֱӳ˹ȥ
ıӣл˵ٶ֮£һ壬ҲδֺǱ۵ĻֱײС


1733  һ
ΪǧѵһıˣҲǽ˰˴ֻصģڷܹ˴ֻصĿ˵ǷǳģǶδɾͲǱڣ֮仹ܱ죬ʹյıԶͨ˴ֻصķǿĶࡣ
˱棬леػ֮ⶼûʹãֱԼײȥġ
һĻǱﶼΪ֮Ŀɿڴ
һʱ˳
лٶһӳκ˻ᣬֱӱɱ˵Ĺǰ
ȫ·ɢܵĹ䣬ս쳣ķḻڱ˵֮ûȥԼ壬̴߶ɽѸߣ϶лȻ׷ɱһɱĻᡣ
뵽ˣжҲˣɹôû뵽һ㣬ǾлٶȾȻ쵽˱̬ĵزҲǿᵽ˿ֲĳ̶ȣĿֲ涼ܹӡ
Ҹƴˣѱ֮ǰĽǻлһȭӡĹŽ׺ݵĴ̳ȥ
һͬھĴ򷨡
ǰʱлȻҪٶƹȥٵʮս۷弶ٶٿ죬Ҳ첻ǰزģʶлûֱԼײȥ
أ
ǹŽлǰλá
˵߳ɵӲһУͺһһ㣬޷͸
лҲ֮һ࣬ù˹Žȭͷ˳һйǰء
꣡
عѡ
ڵأдһϢΪʲô
ۣͷ£˿л˵꣬תȥǹҲûϢ
ۼ壬˵ﵽ˳ĵز
ְֵܹͬ˳һػ֮Ļֶͬ˺лġ
Զ׼
ﵽűսҲʾһɰʮս۷弶ĸ֣ôǷλһսأ
лһЩ뷨ġ
ડ
Ų
Ǿĵģɽ˴ϵս꼤սʧˣֻĺХ
лҳɽڣͿӰ涣衣
˴ϵս꼤սĹŽֶѾڵأлɱŽ֣Ķɱ
ǳȴ̩ĹŽ˾£˹ǶǸ̩ǰĹŽˣǱԵģ̩δѰұ飬˷лɱŽˣҲѾǣͳͳ
бʮͷˡ
ԱΪףʣѩ׵ӳյգǴۣȼŵİɫ棬ɢĺ⣬Ҳʾŭ
ɽǰʮͷ˷š
ǿûб죬ǷĳԱÿһĴֻصģߵĿɴߴֻأеķ˻Ҳ
ɱ䣡̩Ӳĵ
лȻĵͷ
Ҫͷ䣡̩ĵ
̫ϳϣлڸ߿
ѾŭĹ̩ȻͷŭȵʲôʸҹŽ壬лɱˣ
ԣһĨɭɱ
ŭĹ̩һ£Žһɱȥһ֣õȫһֶŽ嶥ɱ˶նգ
˺ƻߵ⣬ա
׺ݵʮͷ˷׷׷ͳ˻òˣǱﶼ߶ػԼɼĿ³̶ȡ
л۶ţǳɱǰʮ׵ʱҲٿȻɱȥ
˵Уǿӹɾǹ̩Ҳ˵ǰʮͷڵǿߣлһ±ƿ˹ֵ̩˳ƺɨ
꣡꣡
ⱻӲնϡ
лҲ֮һ˫̤˵ؿλã̤εȿֲֵ̤ʬ档
ɱ
̩۾ˣƵĳɱȥ
̵лǽ˵ٶȣɴϣںֳ
лȻתԹ̩񵶾
Ҫһֻ̤𾳽ĸֽһ£˭ǿ
֣Ϯɱ߿յı׼ʱ´˹
һʱ䣬˻
ʮͷͬʱƿصķ˻滯һŵĻ򣬺ɱȥֵĻǿǷǳĿֲ
һӾͽл
лûһ糣Ļӵ
ƶն
һն̺ſһ̼л׵ķΧڴǿһ±㽫ʮͷ˺Ļˡ
ǿһ˺һеĵ⣬һеĺɱȥ
̩Ҳ˽һĳײ
һʱ䣬ٵصĽ⵶â֮أԾɽӣǿʢ׺ݵײһ
䣡
ײΪģѸٵ˷ײȥܵıɽ¡¡Ŀؿʼݣѡ
޾籩ţһ˷ʮͷ˶С
;躮Ұ˷
ʹߣл͹̩Ҳ⵽ǿлƺһǹɿֲǰʹ岻ܿƵ󻬳ȥһٶףײǵıɽС
л嶼еʹ֪̩״ûлǰֱ̬ӱǿֲǰ˿ڣҪˣҲǱıɽ֮С
ݣݣݣݣ
ǿֲȫù̩ˣʹʣ˻ŽҲûжٲǻĵ⣬ֱ߳ǵɽʯелҪΣʱ򣬽նɱ
˵ٶޱȣɲǼ㵽˽ǰ
䣡
ǵǶͬСɽҲȻըŷ˵ݺݵĳȥ
ĴŽּ״һǰ
Ǿͬİѷļ⵶㽫飬ҪлɱŸĵģżһ£ҲǺǡ
أ
죬İѹŽͬʱл֮ء
İѹŽͬʱڵϣȴлӰ
ãڸ߿գ̷档
ճڣлѾĴŽֵ֣Ҳ˳ƺһɨ
ĴŽһ̳
ǵڲִ֮£ȻԷӳĽȴŷǷǲ˰Σһǵ뷨Уܹл˵ġ

ĿɿڴгĽлȻ޷ƤһĹ񵶱ɨ˹ȥ
ҽжûüлնͷ­
ȫŭȵ
ѾлʵǶ֣лͳ̶ȾȻﵽЩ־ĵز
һʱ䣬ʮͷһɱ
Ļ裬ͳͳ¡
𣡡
л쳤Х˺һӿ
֮ŭ
Է壬ȻҪʹл˵ƻһתڿգҴ˵ص趯
лҲʮͷ˴˷ɱĵֱȥ
ݣ
ƿգ
ʮͷΧķ˵ʱл񱩵һķ׷׷˻У·ɳȥлҲӭ˸߿еɱı


1734  
˻
ƻһѩ׵ĻףſڱһҵĻ棬һȼյĻ򣬺ݺݵ˹ȥͬʱ˫ֿƸյĸֵһ㣬ֱɨлĲλá
ǳҵıлоһ˿ĪΣ
Ҷ϶Ǳձ£㹻ܹü֮𶼰Ȼʧɫıı߷ǿҲֿܹģϾӳͨ켶ǿ߶ҪɵֵģֻʮսʼǿߺѷӳǱıģȻܹ߷ǿط
ӭͷײϱ֮ǰлӲǽһƫǱշɹȥһСξ룬лоմʹУҲԾȣط
㿪棬Ҳɨ
лҲȻһȥɻһĺϻʱһѪۡ
ʹдлһ
˻
﷢
лŭһһӰȻСɽбݺݵĳɱ
̩
Ѱҳʱ򣬷˳ʱԥıˣٶ޵һ±㵽лǰɱĶ·ߡ
ǿлҲеӦӲϾ
Թ̩Ĵֿûʲôգл˫յǰ̩һлĵ

У̩ȫӲǱȵлûʱսȵ󵹷ɣײһıɽɽ壬Ǳͱµ˿ڴ˿˿ʹ
̩ƵĴ߶Լ˿лϢĻᡣ
лҲŭˡ
Ȼһս˵ֿ̩ĸ죬Ǳջصһ˿սҲ֮תһֶ
ʱ侲ֹ
һ޴ʱִлϱŷֱ˹̩
ʱʱ̶׺ǳȼ˿˿Ļ棬ʹʱ侲ֹʱһ˲ϢĹ
̩˴Լаҡ
ҲӣѾ㹻лˡ
΢˰벽һ˿ϢĻսȫ߶Ź̩׺ݵĳ
أ
̩Ҳʱʱ֡
Ҳˡ
ۣ
̩δüͷѾ£бնȥ̩Ϊ롣
ʱ侲ֹɱͬ׸֡
ǰһ̣ǹ̩ռݾϷ磬һ̣̩նΪ롣
лɢŨصɷĿг֮㾹Ȼܹ˿ڣãܺãҪ㣬ķ𵽵ʲô֮ͬ
ȴûз༥
Ŀù̩л˲նɱҲЩ壬Ͼ̩ľ磬ǿǹϵģһֻ̤λĳǿߣֻҪһسɾλġ
ʮͷǲʱķ˿˿ķ
Ҫֳ
ѽȻƯУֳõսѾźţ಻һӣԮ
ԮлƲƲ죬֧Ųӣ
лǿǲ˵δزĶ֣ǴأʵǿᣬҲ̼ǡЦ
л΢΢һЦ񵶣ص籩
Һ̬ḻ̌
ûж֮Ͼ뽫ҪնɱǿƷлԣͲˡ
ǿ񱩵ľ籩ü֡
δǾ籩ŵʮҲȻ֮Ϳʮͷϵķ˻Ϩƺܵĳѹһ㣬׷׵ķӿе
ͨͨͨͨͨ
һȺĵ
л״ͣЪ籩ɵдϲʮҺ̬ںϣѾΪˣ׷ܹѹˡ
ΨһδľǱҲҡҡλεĲܿơ
ǿסΣδʲôٶ͸еǰһлվĽǰл񵶱
أ
бĺԡ
ʱʹȥлǰһ˶ıĵҪ÷ȥҡ
űһ£ʧӰ١
Ȼǵ˱ڵĵطֱͨģðǱڱĸ
ֶҲʵñƳԾС
ѹҵûԥ͸ҽԭӵֶΣأ赣İΣġƵ
лЦǰ֮ǰ֪
ֻ֪һЩ˵ĶԹ𡣡ƶлãСˣҺ̬ǾʮܹȫѹƷ
ڵϣлҲǲ֪ʮƺܹʵôķžԵƿֻط֮࣬ȴûоԵĿ
ƵĵΪʮȻֻ߱Σûʮ𣬾ʵ߳һķ֣ȻܵƵģҪ߱ʮҪǳģ߱ʮر𣬸ӵеģԣȫʮ뷨㻹ǲҪȥˡ
лʼ磬ûôࡣ
ʮ
ǻԵ̣¶ƿأοûлԣ֮Һ̬УҲǳԭ
ǱķлȤ
鿴ķץָ̾

ƽ
лǷ𣬾濴ȥëûʲôͦģһëĵطҲйǵĵطǽ
Ҫ鿴ˣǷıƷ֣Ĺʷǳ⣬ӦǾģоܹ㣬Ϊһܹ˲ĳԽͨսʼĵز㵹Ҳ˵ùȥͱǹʵͬһ磬Ҫ㣬ػ֮мյǸ߼սʼҲ޷ֵġƽ͵
ԴˣлҲϿɣؼǹŽڹŽִ̫֣ˣǵʵ֮Ʒսʼˡ
սʼ񽣵Ͼͬ졣
ƴһûڣ΢һ£ɵ¶һ˿ϲ֮ɫھȻзѪѹ֣ѹ֣ǱŲʷʮʷ˵ģ
Ѫʮʷˣл
νѪȡͨ۷ͷľŲʷԼͨ켶λȼѪȻԾŲʮֻط˵״ȡķѪĴڣ˵õѪδгһգɳɾʮʷˣҲǳԽͷĴڣѪΪ˾ͷͨλ˵ѪԱЯñܹ˲̶߼սʼԭ򡣡ƽ꣬˷ܵĴЦˮϦɷԾˣţҲԽһԣ


1735  Ѫһ
ƾ˵ҪùŽѪͱеľѪΪˮϦɷԾģѪҺǷѪıˮϦİģֻлȴ벻ͨѪԼʲô
Цף
ҡҡͷлףѪȻǱ˿ģƺûʲôԣ壬ѪƺȷѪ
ԼİлžԵš
ȻѪҺѪҲδзѪֻذǰֻذ壬ͨѪҺյġ
壿Сüëһ
лȻֻҪͬ׸֣и߼߼Ʒսʼ˿ұ塣
ţ˵زȷʵܲˣûУܿ磬ħǿɶǳԽ㾳粻֪ٱġƵ
ǰ˵Ѫףɣлɻ
ۣƵνôɵĶ֪֪ܷɣֻǾ㣬ҪֵԼһıǲɸ˵Ŀģ͵ħĸ򲻻ᣬ֪֮󣬱Ȼӵ뷨ģ廹Զûдﵽɵĸ߶ȣеĸ߼սɲ١
лǰѣҼˡл
磬ħ򵽵жٸ߼սʼ治͸оԺܲ١
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ѹҲһ˿ͺÿµ⻹δ׳ɹĳɾͰ֮ףֻܷӳһԿɱЩνϵΨҶľͷˡ
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ѾĻԵı﷽ֱʩչֶΣ˯УûбƻѣԶĳ˯ʶҲѹġ
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Ѫ߱ǷѪ
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һһ꣬ѾΪﵽǷĵزǻ۸Ǹ߳һѾ뵽ӦԣǱǱǿбﲻϣɱڵ겻ɣȻȻΪл򾡿ܵĿ򲻹
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лȵԶͨ


1736  Ѫ
ǵƯУ翣ȴ͸һŨصѹԶͨһꡣ
лɱȻŷ
뵽ʥǵˣõģ뵽Լױȡԣڱϣ뵽ʮΪΪ˼磬׾ΪԼŭһӳײ
յ˵쵰ҵԣҵײʥ׶޷ɣھȻУҪȡ׽׵İ֮ףлŭ˳Զͨһƿڴ
øһľٶñƶһȻǸòл
ԶͨҲлˡ
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ǲ
лָıһһֱеޱȷŭȴûطйлʹʹķйһΡ
һ˸ʹ죬лͷģĲ𣿡
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ԶͨһĵǱ֮ˣϻҪûлȤת˱ƣĦ˺ʥ뿪ɱģֻǺµˣΣȻ㷢ˣұ˳ֽɡ
ˣ
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ıҲչֳǿһ棬궼ɢ貵Ĺâһ갵Ȼͬ
ꣿ˵ƾۣ֮űܹնϾŲʷ˵ľŲģû뵽Ȼе꣬ǰγһ۵Ļ壬ǱõˡԶͨһЦ
ҵõĵһڣҳɾ㲻꣬ǲһ֪򣬺ߣҪΪƿ˼ˣ˻ʣʣгһջع˼ʱ򣬾ʱ򡣡
ԶͨһЦܲͷע³ɳδ֪㲻Цұɱ㣡
ԣЦ
ЦʲôԶͨһ
ı֣лҲʶԶͨһƺЩɵƣԼ˵
ƵЦ֪귽棬˵㣬ǰʱݺһʱĻҲûҶ˽ֻ̣һ΢ˣȻɱңұȫ㣬꣡Ȼתͷл񵶣
ಣ
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õֵ֧񵶣ˢһ£Զʣͬһˮ񵶻һߣһ±ֶԶͨһꡣ
Զͨһ΢΢һЦȻȻҪߡ
֮ۡ⣡ȵ
лͿֻ۾һûѹԶͨһ꣬һû˿ڴһѪһ±㹹һյѪ֮ڵķѪҲһ±㽫Զͨһ곹׷С

Զͨһ굱һĲҽС
ȼһ㡣
֪ҵĴڣνķѪ׽׳ɹʸ󣬸ǼٵģҪԸҵģԶͨһ
ЦΪأյǻ壬׵ûиϵܹ֪׽׵İ취ӵĿԶͨһ꣬͵귽Щνľͷ˽٣ܹﵽǰյˮƽˣҾ꣬ڴ˿о꣬յ귽ߣǾͷҲҪδ֪οʵҲͻǷˣֻ׽һֱᣬҪȡû¶뿪ˣ԰ɡ
Զͨһ߲
ȷͻˣϾǾͷһ̰֮꣬ʵԾʹ˷Ҫ֪׽׳ɹǰ֮ܵõɱľͷջʵ̫̫󣬴ðʧһҲϧ
ƫƫƵ⵽ʧһĵز
ߣ꣬Ҫһ꣬ҲδؼܹԶͨһЦ
ƺٺЦñǰӪȣǲܵģҲʱģοǱȣıҲ޷׽룬һ㣬Ҫ㣬ǻ壬ȴڣ㲻Щ𣿡
Զͨһߵʲô⡣
ǡ˵һ٣ţͿǱһ΢ĲɲǼ䣬Ǳ鱾ʷ˸Եɱ䡣
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Ҳ̫˰ɡ
Զͨһ¶һĨ֮ɫ
νıֻڵı֣ǻȣҲɳػһЩģĿıҪԶͨģµıǻ𣬼ϷѪɣһҪıҲؽܵ޴ĴˣƴЦ
лȻˮϦ˵õɽ鷳ȴҪ˼취˵ҪˮϦԽ𾳽磬ʵʸôһ¶ǻ飬޷ˮϦ֮ǰҲ˵ˣˮϦõһߵıϵͷϡѪΪʲôñѪﵽǿԭҲ
֮ǰ˵˼ˮϦͻƣʵɱҰɡԶͨһ
ûѪ㹻ĿƣŲʷ÷ôһҲİɣҪıȴ͵ر򱣻ȻҲ±㷢֣أΪֻǽڵķ˾Ѫ㣬ûжٰյģû뵽ȻǷѪû뵽лȻˣ㹻ķѪáƴЦл㲻Ҫ׽װ֮׼ʸֻҪɱ꣬עڣߣ׵ֻδﵽ֮׵ĸ߶ȣûİ壬ҵ֮ûУΪʲôҪ÷˻׽ףɹʲŻԭֻذеԶͨԴԿɼӴɹʡ
ԶͨһȻȻѸ͡
Ҫѷ
˫Ŀ⣬߶ֱɱȥ
ʵ񵶣Ǿ춯صġ
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ЦԽԽֹʧлеһ걻ˣҲЩĽѪһעӲӵڡ


1737  
õѪԶͨһҲٶȷ˱仯ͨ嶼ǽӲӵĹ⻪ԵСˣֻԭ֮ĴСΣлѸӦĵŵһĽɫ磬ܹĸо
ֻһݣǾǡǿ
һɫܹͳʮսʼǿߵȫһ˶Ľɫں֪ټлս۳ļױĶؽġ
һɱʮս۷弶
һ֤ġ
ˣ׽Ϊһʮ׳䵶ӵĵ״ɽˡЩƣĵԶͨһûǺܴġ漴㲻޸пĵѹǺųǿ׶Ҫѷɫܶ౶Ȼİ
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˵ףǵõǿҲѴﵽߵĵزϾҪ׵ʵڲͣлҲ̫ģֻʥʱƾһ
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ɫѾ࣬һЩΡ
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ûϵˡˮϦһĨɬ˵·Ĳһ
ΪǻαװģûаȻĻʱǰõһ߱ϵͷѪʱ򣬾ͻѪﵽѵزġл˵
ˮϦɴλǰˡ
ǳԾģл̲סһˮϦ۵ҲˣҵİѪͻƾ磬ıء
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лչȥҧɣΪƴƴģ㻹ôģˣҾҧɣһá
ˡˮϦ˵ÿһѣѱ񽻸ңҪˡ
лóһöɢųǺĺ̶ɵõ壬ֻǰɫģǾǱ񣬡ĻᣬѪıϵͷѪﵽѣΪͷ¼ʵĻ֮¿𾳽磬ʱⶫǿɻƵģȫ淴Ӷƿض񵺵ġ
ˮϦصͷҲܲѡ
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лл㡣ˮϦлıӰ˵
лͷһЦҪлңɣҺܵġ
ˮϦһۣûлӦ


1738  һ
ˮ߳ǰ㱨ֻطǰлȻ֪ΪģɲôͽｻȥҪأȥֻطˣѾչպ
ֻطķŭлɲȥ⡣
ԣȻץס˱ҪܵĴӱϣӷȡ㹻ĺôֵܷġ
ȾǱﱾ
ǷΪķѪһΣܹıͨħ޵ıʣһһֻܴﵽʺ缶ħޣһԾΪսĴڣǺεȵĿȣл뵽Ѫħ塣
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ˮ֮⣬˸ʹͷѪĸ֣ҲûеģϾʥǾ֤ģûˣҲû˵״ģлʹﴦ
ܴ˫չаף˫£Ҳʮ׵ӣл
ʱֻطҲõ㱨յҪշͿлűðɣҪɱȥɿ׵춯סˡ
лȻҲɾǼװû
Ҫ˵˷棬лٮٮߡ
ﰡǰ˵ˣڵķѪֻҪһ룬ܹ֤㲻ָܻģҾͲˣȳһķѪɡлڵϣó񵶡
лͺһȡķѪ
һķѪҲǷǳ֮ġ
˶ķѪлƸƦһһƨڵϣһηѪɸһֻѪħЩ㹻ѪħģϰŮһľѪѪħĶԱôܹǿȫʵһٺɨ칬ģţôˡ
Ѫ
Ȼֹס˿ڣȴһƳԵı۽ǾȻһˮɵƲɱ㣬øмңߣƾǷ壬㱾ڣʥǵֶΣǧжٵġ
лĳӲޱȣΪ
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ëȻͬǿŲʷ˶ģ֮Ѫڻδӳһʵ㹻ǲŻ֪ëĿ£ܹκηЧġ
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лΪ
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ͨ󷨻عл洫һ
ɨһԾڵŵı濴ȥֻֻطˣŽ峤嶼ˣͬǰģѩ峤Ѧ׳ɵһ˵ȣⳳ֡
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󽫾Ըκ˲ôţǴŻӵˮӯӯҷػ벻ҪΪǡ
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оֵģ˱ܡ
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лűŭĹ壬ȻĵҪɱңֻˣô峤ҵǸģţȻҪɱң֮û£ѾˣҲˣ峤صǸˡ
⻰˵ȫԾ
Ž峤һѪȥ
ĹŽһ¶Ҫɱ˵˼ӯӯǰǶţͻ̶֡
峤˲Ҫµĺãҿɲϣɾʥױǿɶǲ̫õġл
Ž峤ϵļⶼڲġ
·һٸϾɾʥףǱٷ֮һɨһ𾳽粻⣬ܷӳһɱͷǿԵģοǡ
Ҫ˵ˣ峤оϣŽ峤ȵ
ŽŰ
лȻ뿴Ž峤ʲôϡ
Ž峤㽫ڶʮ֮峤ҲռˣֻҪ㲻Уʮ֮ɷ̨һս


1739  
ɷ̨һս
߸֣װ㱻Ž峤ķڳǣ¡¡ģڳǽ˶һ˵ǱлһսȻĻ֪޴棬ҲᱻΪ¹Žġ
лӣ峤ˣ
峤ԳУɸӦսŽ峤ߵ
ڹŽ壬лٻǺܾصģǾع龴أ˴³ɳУѾˡ
оǹŽ峤˴ĵҪǲ˼ҲʾŽ򲢷ȫƴӣһ㣬Ǿǹ̩͹ڹŽĵλ̫ҪˣܹƽϢŽķŭ
ⶫ񵺣־ҲлеһЦ
峤˲ãϵ˼رһ֡
ǱΪսŽǰĳǿߡ
ðһŽ峤ս࣬ÿμսǶǿߣҲΪֻط˾δػĿֲ֡
ȻҪ
ҵȻ峤һսл
ãŽ峤
лһû˵꣬ԣǱҪвͷҲͷǱѩıѩһ̸
Ҫô׵
սսлôױǣűߵлЦҳ⣬ǾñΪѵ׼
Ž峤ɫһ䣬лһָŪеΪѡ
ǲӦɣôԵûģĵĻôùŽõóѩ֧أ
Ӧɣѩͬǿǵ˼ұѩ岻ͬ⣬Ǹ޹⡣
峤ҵȺԼսЩɡлЦеĵ
а֪νߴյǴĶѩĿˣֻʼûְˡ
Ѧ峤Ž峤忴˱ѩ峤Ѧ׳ɡ
ѩ峤Ѧ׳΢һãͬˣŹ峤ʵԲܵģ
Ž峤峤һѦ峤ܷģ峤ʧġȻͷлѩͷɸӦսˡ

лͬЦ죬ãʮ֮Ž峤ɷ̨ս
䣬ڳǺ䶯ˡ
ܿϢȥҲˣһҪǳˣлҲٶȱǰʱ飬˵Ѿģ벻֪ѡ
ֻطǿĿЦѡ
׹Ž峤ĿģҲ֪ϵŽϣҲӹŽģΪŽһϿıҪ壬ܹͨ˭Ҳֹ
Ľأ
ֻط֪Ž峤ֲܿûаսʤǴӻȥķֵ˵У֪лǿᣬһлʤĻôл˼۷壬޿ɱĸ߶ȣƶлһ˼
Ž峤ֻطȥһǸһ֣Ž뿪ˮ
ֻطҲˡ
ʮֻطÿرǶȨĴڣ˻ʣϹʥʶǳĹٱˣлĹѿǵһȴû취ֻӲͷƤϡ
ڷڣرУҲֻֻطҲף֪ҪԣȻ֮ܡ
ˣҪ򽻵ˡлŴ棬Цеĵţ񶼼ǵãնɱһЩ߹ʱΪ˻г֣һ壬Գõҹϵܽļˣ԰ɣ
ֻط֪λͷۣû뵽лȻ˾ˣ׼еֲĸоҲȹ㡣
ûȹңϧĿĲ㵱ʱĿΪعرԤȰˣҲô࣬£ҿԱ˴˵лЦеĵǰõȻþȹԼǾһҺͱ֮ĶԹɣҪɱңûɱ˵ɣôлҡ
ֻطǿˣлűݺݵҪء
˸ߵҪۣҲ϶֪ѪˣԲӦ
˵ô졣ֻط˵
˵һ񽣣ʲô콣ţһλˣȱһѳܵıлЦеĵ
ֻط˵ľһ
콣֮ڷҪλãɲûõģھŲʷ˽̫Ųʱ˳콣׵ģϣΪͨ켶ĳ񽣡
ѽлԴ˵ͷˡ
апûʲôֵıء
ս꣬ʹõǻǹǻǹֻǻ۶ɵģз콣
л㲻ҪΪƱͿΪΪĿֻۡطĵ
лʼ磬ȥץһҹϵ׽ҽұ֤㽻
ֻط˱˵зһĨɱ
ǲæµû֣˵һЩۣлЦе˵
ⴿлĲ²⣬ɲΪֻطʲôһޱȵģ²Ҳǡǡȷ
ֻط֪л϶ģԱɳֳǰȥʥǸδ´½ͱʥǵ˸ץˣ⻹Ƿ洫Ϣ˵½ǣ칬аʥػһĶֵػĶʥǸƿˡ
ûֻط˳
ûȻԸҪıҵǿ㣬Ļ·Ѫ˷ඡл
ֻطһ⻰ѪҲͶ϶л֪˱Ҫԣã콣
Ϸ˻ȥ
ûãϷ˽˷콣
콣һңͨĽҪĶֺ࣬ͨɫ·ŻУʸǵһͷԡķˣȥǶĿʣǼƷսʼķ֮͸ˡ
лһץǷ콣ˡ
ɴ˷콣а飬Ȼаս
ءֻط˵
úõİлʼ磬콣ֻҲɱı꣬ҪҽȥҪóͬȼֵĶſԡ
ɲǼ䣬ȫѻȸ
ǾͿֻط˵ðһųҵĻ棬ʾֻط˵ķŭ
лЦǺǵĿţ˿ûоµ˼
һһš
ҪҾĻǾֻƳˡлƵ٩˵
ֻط˺޲ýл˺ƬĵҪʲô˵
һױԴл
лߣ츳ޱȵľһ̣һ裬а飬Ҫų̫ˣԳ̬ۣѾ߱һױԴôҲҪУİȻǷǳġ
ãҸֻطѾлķѿˣֻӵıͷųһױԴ֮
лһץȻһץԵıֽӳ
һ֣ʱĴ㵽
ΪëķˣϵëѾһ࣬ܶطͺͺģһЩر͵ëûˡ
оǿӣЩ˾ȻóȻǷѪȡ˲֪ء
ֻط˿Ĳ̲סҪɱˡ
ŶˣΪ˲ɱֻǽˣӦа취ɣҪҰæлЦ
Ҫֻط˺޺޵ĵɭɭĶлһۣδһҪִеģлҪСˣ
˵űȷˣ뿪ˮ


1740  뷨
лֻطԶȥӰǷһ˿ЦһвνҪδһҪִȥһˣȫԷնɱġ
һ㣬лѵʶ
ԼİȫڱϣǿɲлԸ
лü˸һ⣬˭ʤΪⶫ񵺣˼ʵƿߣһء
򲻳˭ʥǿ⣡
лȵ
Ҳ뿪ģֻӲͷƤ
һжʮվҲΪҽݴػ֮λãĵ㣬㾲ޣԴڿʼΪھʱȫӳ뿪벽л
㡭ʶıҪںתһ룬Ҳã԰׼ɷ̨ʱɱǴ½ػȻ£лģڱȥչأ
뿪
Щ飬лȥһˮϦŮĽչһٶޱȣˮϦҲѾѪҿʼ𾳽硣
лֽ콣͸а顣
ҲйһЩ
ƽں˻֮Դı֮ԴлˮԴͬʱһسлҲ׼ռ硣
һУ½лӭˡ
Һ·ӷ磡
лȡ־ġ
лڷӼˣҪǲˮǸ֪ǷڣҲع
һˣлһԾ
ǺҾȻʮսʣ˼֮뵱ֻҪչسŽսʵġ
ڻ·ӷ磬츳ģõս֮󣬸ڿռڿޣʹﵽʮս۷弶ľ硣
Сӣ벻һΪƽƽû뵽Ȼôĳɾͣǿˡ·ӷЦ
лǴӱ˴˽䱸ãлƣһ·߹ģѾνǷŵÿ
ǰҲԸΪʮսˡлЦ
УС·ӷֵڵĿͨ켶ͨ켶Ŀ
лԣĿӣͬʱЦ
·ӷԾǸգһû䡣
ǰͨ;Ѿˣ׼ǰΪ½ػеԺͿԹڿޣпܻü֮ףʥǰӦòʧɡлЦ˵Ҫ˵Ŀġ
·ӷ۱侫⣬лļͷãСӣǵϸҡ
˷ܲѡ
ɲҪ̫ˣǸֵսնɱλӦòǺѣĿҲǳһΪƿصķǳι̣Ϊܻкܶ鷳ġлѵ
·ӷЦ鷳˼һѾ̫û˶ˣҪЩСܸҳʲô⡣
ս߰
лת򺣺ңϣǴܾģһ룬ĻϲԾѡǰˣϿ
ǵĵһأҸ˻ءЦ
Դһ屻𣬺ҵһһá
лãţǰʲôʥǵϢҪת𣿡
·ӷӹ磬˵˵ɡһǰһٻ£ӵģԲ󷨵һ㣬ʱϵʥǣ鱨ͬж
ֻǹ鱨л⻰еĺ塣
·ӷǰ鿴Ƿʺϰһ͵㣬֣ƺһãκδ󷨣Ļᱻģôܴܵơ
϶Ƿɵġлߵ
ΨзŲϣ˵ܹ񵺡
ҲõģĸѾ뵽ƽ֮˵£ܹƽġ·ӷ
ʲôҪҵ𣿡л
·ӷҪǶ㣬вǷ壬ҪСķ壬ϸķһ£˵ͷʵǸΪսֻԶͨ;ŲʷһͬܣԲŻֵģʵǱ˴ҲǶֵģԷܻһЩ飬ԲܹȥģҪ֤㰲ȫԶͨҪжĻŪһ֧Զͨ˼ĴԷá
ͷл
ϣܹھ򶫺ϳȴĴеıأ·ӷ˵
лӣ뷨湻İ
·ӷЦ˵ˣĶһʧġ
е鷳лЦ
񵺵ıأǲ٣˵ǳ֮ģԶΪ˼Ļƣ񹬣ŽפأɽȵȵǶǱذ
ɣõģǰ㣬϶ܳɹģϾռڣܹڵļذȥԿµأǶԣǿܹʵؼһ·ӷ˵ǲȱ˲ţȱˣŻġ
лϸһ룬ôһ£ʥǵ̫ˣǵĳɳҪʱ䣬Ҫʱ䣬ؾǱġ
ռʮضѾˣȻҪµˡ
ֽһлſʼʹ˷ֱŵصͬʱҲͨһ󷨣һױԴ֮𡢱ëѪͳͳ˹ȥʥǷҲʼж
ұлڻ׵ļ֮Ǹλã־ﲻҲ޷ģҵõǼ֮𣬱ǷǳģҲʺϣҶʵŷǳİ
·ӷлҪյǸ߼֮ףǰŻ·ӷȻᱻֵģлҲץһ֮ף·ӷշ
лһЩֺͷ׷гһ޷Ǿݷ׷˵ڽһδϴѾϱ˵Ƿণǳʱ̣嶼ȥǣΪǰʱ䣬һͷд룬ǹëӻ˷񹬣ֻ͵˲֪ȻǷҲнģֻҪ̽״ǿƱ֣˲ȥùͷˡ
һолҲ½
Ҫ׼ľڰݺ־ǲ뻤ӵĳԱӶ־飬ҲڽУΪ֤ɣֻڽУһ飬ʹһж˸ı䣬ƽ˼Ҳ˶𶯣ƽʱյ˼ٶȷѪꡣ


1741  ŭɱһ
ʮлһִ粽ǰøоٶȵϣģֻ̫Уע̫ţҪѶǲܵġ
ʮյĿޣлǺԵģϾʥǿ˵ѾԽصĵλеϱأл֮׽׵ٶޱȣҲΧڣޱȿսﵽɾġ
оʮյлСһ֡
ձƵ˵Сһ֮󣬱ǽϵʱ̣ٶȣҲǲԶˡ
ֱʮʱ򣬰ȵĴڿ޵лоһǿѹڣŽѹ
˼Ĵ֮һʲôܹݽȥлڵĻʥ벻лעⶼѣһʱ䣬ʩչĶͨʼһЩ
߰ԵָһطǾˮ
лϱͨ󷨻عˮ󣬾Ϳ·ӷɫصĿˮķ
󣬱оӾ˵ѹˮɢ
ô£л
ƺˮϦҪλ磬֪ģͻƾȻһʥˮҲҪͻƣˮ֮һµˮ·ӷ˵
лԾˮͻƣʥˮˮף
ͷ·ӷģҴҲ֪ģȻڵһʱʹ񵺣˶֪ˮҪ𾳽磬ĹעɽˮڵʥˮʼףѾ˼Ĺע
˵Żһռڴ͹鱨ݽл
ԵĿһ飬лҲǿЦѡ
ʥˮˮǿ˵綼Ҫ𶯵飬ˮڵˮ֮ʥˮףնˮ֮Ϻк򣬱򶼳һЩˮдˮ֮ܵӰΪˮˮӿ֡
ӿ֣ע⡣
˼һ֮ڣˣȫȴ֮⣬ĸڵˮˮʥˮʥǷҲˣڵˮϵȻռ硣
к棬ʥ˰ռˡ
ϺǺ֣ռ˶ȡЩʱҲӸӿ֣սһ˼綼һƬսС
Ȼ鱨Ҳˣˮɱͷ֮Ʊؽ緽ĳҪлһҪСĽ
ֻлʥ򣬾ȻûڵһʱӦʥˡ
׼𣿡л
·ӷѾϹˣͷֽˮԺҵʮҲˣˮоҲǱˮˣţ巽Ҳǲ˹ˡ
֪ˣǰ˵صĴʥȻûˣ˲֪ͷ٣Ҳġл˵
ϧˣһսҪ·ӷеʧĵ
лЦЦ뿪
ֱˮ
Ѿۼ㹻ʮҸ֣ǿߣǿ߶ˡ
׷
ôһüģл˶ĸ֣ûţ෴Ȼǽź͵ǡ
㿴ɡ׷óһֽݸл
лһۣɫ䣬ŭȵ
ֽˮֱϵѪ֮һʹµģݺܼ򵥣ˮϦˮȻ޷ɹס
ǲǿ׷ɫĵǵõϢ壬Ž壬ѩ壬ȵЩģͳͳȥȻǲ֣ƻ
лȻŭ
͹ŽΪǰʱ䣬ľٶǿԽǢǲ֪֮ŰҲżӰ𣬾ȻΪһ˽Թɸ֮˻ᡣ
ͻأȻĿŵ˾ٶܲлŭ
Ƕлݴػ֮ӡ
ȥлߵ
ôսûôס
лСģ֮˴ģڼǿܻ㲻ȻƵ֮˵ϣھ֡׷絣ĵĵ
мƽϡлЦҪ뿪˭赲οֱӳʥ˭ܴ룬ڰȫ棬лΡ
׷ðǰȥˣĿ²ࡣ
ȷǸ⡣
ˣֻӣʲôء
а취˵Ĵϣ峤˲ûڴڲ飬޷ǰдǰ֧ԮģҲȷʾʥˡ
лкֶΣ
΢΢һЦһļΪӰмǾӣʼҪ˼һµģʱұӰмйԿɽǵĬ˵ַܼ򵥣׷֣֮˼չˣ뵽ʱױĴսġ
⣬˼ƲߵĹؼνĬǽεĻϣ˴˸ӽ䱸ԷͻȻ֣Ըӵı񾭡׷ֵ
дͻҪսſԡлЦ
׷ж˴˶ԿţΪνĬǿ϶ᶯЩˣɳԼĸֻҪʧЩĸʱ£ЩԿţƿһͻһŷǳĺôһ٣Ψһǣǳ
лһЦô˵Ҳݴػ֮ģҪӦҵҪ󡣡
뿪ˮֱ
ϺƵ׺ڵ⣬ⶫǻ谵УĺХУһЩɢҶת죬ԶƽĴҲʱʱˣգʹڳԵúѹ֣֪ˣһ͸ĸо
ˮϦ𾳽硣
ʥˮ׳ˮ
ÿһ·ԤʾʲôʹڳڴһľţԸҲǽעˮȴǼһս
ˮֵ߰лпУȻÿһֵ϶ûӰҼҹűջлĶͨȫЩҸ棬ӵһڣƺõʲôָʾһ㡣
ܿ죬л㽵⡣
ռʮƽףһСǣʱƽʱǰļžͷų׵磬ˣɢһ׹⣬γɷʽķ
ǳǿǹˣҲҪ׵Ĺ
˵ؼ׶Ρ
лվȫװ䱸Цѣһл
Ҳƾ׹ȥ𶯵׹һҡΣҵĲˣҲܹġ
˵֮л㾲ţͬʱǰȥ֧Ԯˮ
ȲţҵҲš
Źصأ˿ûд򿪵˼
ҪѿлǷһ˿Ц⣬Ȼ˼ѿܲǾͲлˡ


1742  ŭɱ𡾶
лߵǰ̧ű˹ȥ
ͷųķõ׹ֶĽѾֱӹˣûԭҲ򵥣лڴǶõʥףԵлߵģԼ˼֮ףΪĴ߷֮ײŻлźܴвġ
꣡
žͱлһŸˡ
лҲԽ׹ֱӲڣһУû׹γɵЦͶĶС
лΪԼǸأҲƨʲôǡ
ڻء
ǿɲһ˼ҹҪôû˰ʱػ֮һ¶ء
Цڶ
лڶУҲһͷβҪҪһѵ̫ˡ
ű飬Ҳˡ
̾дĸִӺĳһӱ㽫лסȥ·
ʲôˣҴһ۵ƺΪ֮ˣлһ漴ȵ
лȻװʶҡ
ˣⴳ˸£Ӵȵ
һȺΪ֮ɧȻ˲һӣǰݴػ֮֮λлǼװʶҲû˸׶֡
ˢ
лһȰӵĽǰһץסĲӽֻսʣлǰûκη
㲻ʶңл
ңҲʶӵ
΢΢һЦлݴػ֮Ļ󽫾ʶ㻹ʲôʸΪ½ػߵһԱ
΢
ǰɣ
ӲӱлϣҽжûûϢڵϡ
Щ˵ʱһľŵ÷׷׵ĺˡ
˭ʶңлܡ
Ŀһɨûһ˸ҿ˵Щ
лһָһĿӣ˵˭
ǿ﷢࣬ղž˵лƨģû뵽ȴлˡ
֪лĶܹͨڵһУҲԭģлҲر
ݴػ֮лл󽫾ӿŵϵʬ壬ʵĻش𣬲ѡ
˵˸뺷֮ԲҳͻҲΪлţٱҪߣһķʲôͻҲǵģһֻܴԴ
֪֪˭𣿡лָָһȦ
Ҳֻǵļ֪Ļش
лһüһ飬֪˭𣬴شң
һɷлͷųȺ˵ʱеϴ֪
лĵͷ
Ϊʲôûиҿšлǿӡ
Ӷ촽û˵
ʱһ˴Ӻ߳󽫾ʲô¸̸ɣڱչʱƹ
лˣһͨӣΪԣѾﵽʮսʼĵزĸ֡
λл
󽫾ҽܵ
ûֵĻл˵˵ĸǱлɱԪ󲢳ұۡ
ţ˵лŴˣ󽫾һ£Ϊα󽫾ǰȴӭӣѵ󽫾ݴػ֮λǼٵ𡣡
ĵ󽫾£Ϊǽӵ鱨֮˽ҪΪ˰ȫԲŻؼ䱸ģԴ󽫾ⱨҲǵð󽫾
ĺܵѵû˿󽫾𣬿ǷǱˣлץסѱɣơ
󽫾йӴľˣ޷󽫾ʵݡ
ǲҲ޷ȷлЦǲǸҹУǲʵҡ
һϽҡͷ
ԪҪ֤лʵݣлһɱе
У㲻Ǽٵ𣿡лۣ϶ģǷΪʲôûпӭӡ
ΪǸոȥ֪ͨġ
лüëһ湻ġ
лüһ˿Ц⣬С⣬ܽס󽫾롣
лᡰšһǰ
ҲעˣԴ﷭
߼䣬лͷ֣͸׹еʵˣԵѹָдīŴ·һɭɭ˲˴أǧƺ棬ȴصһ̣ɱ
ѹԽԽͣѾˣȻûеֻһɳصѹȸУ׹ţȻ˰شɽĸоݵļ£ս
͵͵ȥлɫЩأЩﲻɵЦˣͷֱϵѪҪԶ֣׶Կģ´ЦȻҪлܡ
̵ǰ·
лüһĨɭɱȥ
˵ֱ꣬ӴԲ˲Ϣڿգ쭶ȥ
ߺߣż˰ɣΣЦѣҲٵգе󽫾ڱչأʵڲ˳ذǿȥĻ»ŵǶľƽԣ˵ĻɣΪ󽫾룬ǲҪȥĺá
лԣд˽ƻ
ûбչȻڵȴ֮ˮǿдĻȫԵѱ˵ºƽһսԲŹĴıչ
лһ㵽⡣
ʲô˵Ҵһȵʱ·
ʱ˿̣ĸּ棬нǧ֮ڣв֡
оڡ
лһ۱㿴УͬһЩˣЩͳһļУǵ󷨵ĿףųԼ׵ľ޽üļһ»εͼ˸ŵɫ⻪
ԺͨĶֵͨĻ棬ȷһ֧
˵Ƕǿˣǲԣֻطŷ壬ҲδܻʤЩ֧һ֧һ֧Ǳ
ν٣ÿһ˶ƿףʵ棬˵ӳʮսʽӽ۷ʵǶĹ׽ʮ˴Σȫһ˶
ܣǰ빫ģǶԷ׷磬ˮϦ˵ʲôص
ΨǱĸҲֻˣ֪жǿֻи˵Ǿӳûʸ뱩ɴ˿ɼӵĿֲǲǿڡ
˿̣˵һ׵Сˣȫ׹ƣһҪֽлӿгӡ


1743  ŭɱ
лٿȻС˵ǰ
ҲǶ񵺺պĸ֣ΪڶԵø⣬ʶ֮ҪĶ࣬Ĵ󽫾֮һĹɼףλ൱ҲĴ󽫾սġ
㲻ʶңлɴʹ׼ˣֶɳ֡
ʵ׼֣޷ֵĸоżǣ֮˳ʱƺʱ
ûʱȥ˼ҷѿࡣ
ҡɼ׵
󽫾ݴػ֮˭˲֪˭˲أֻǹɼ̫չذΣԲŻд˾ٶ󽫾Ҫ֡Ӻ׷ûǰ˵Ŵ󽫾ؿ㣬˶ŭɡ
˻ᷢлҲֻ
ǷˣǴֶΣȵ֮ˮȻż뿪
лͨ˵㣬Ҳһᣬǣɴݴػ֮Ȩ´
ھǴ½ػȨߣ˭Ҳӣ
ȻǶ֪ݴػ֮ǾӦףҵʱΣǾǴ½ػлƯڿУǧѡˣǰȥˮֵ֮ˣ
ǧ֣һ˻Ӧ
лĿɨɼ׵ˣһ¶֮ɫеĸ˫ֱأһӵӣеһֻڴлѿ
󽫾ǲȥԮˮˡһΪѵĵ
ţҵҲлȻת˫Ŀ亮⣬
͸ɱһݡ
ţлҶ֣һɱлԴ񵺣ﻹģǹŽ˺ε磬ɱɱεǿƣûǹëǵֻطˣӣǸֻط˵ӣǶĲ硣
󽫾һԡĵ
лĵ˵
óһֽл󽫾뿴֮ҪԣѾȷʾ˼ҵڼ飬һЩܣǲòţڱչصĹؼʱ̣޷£ž޴Σ󽫾֧֣
֧֣лɨһֽϵݣˣҶ϶׼õģԼдġ
ǰȥ֧֣ȻҪ֧֣Ԯ
ǵģ֪֮أɶ϶Щ˵УӦ֮˵ڼ飬ҲŽǾۼ⣬ڰ벽һ֮˹ڼԭ򣬻󽫾ǲԮ֧ǡĳϿҡ
ꡭ
ģһЩ˶̲סЦˡ
ǼٵģȷǼٵģΡ
Ҳ˵
л¶һĨЦЦӣȤĿ·Ҫ͸һ㡣
󽫾ɲܺ˱˰ˮҪõӵ֧֣һҲҪ֧֡ɼ״
ԣҲҪ֧֣
ܺ˱ˣ
ҪǴ󽫾Ǿǿ˼ˮĿˡ
ֽһ
лˣϵЦݸӲˣоȴɭɱˣˡ
һֵߵĸоϺȵ죬󽫾Ȼ֧ǵģҪǶ𣬺Ҳߣݹ飡
µͣЪ
Ҫ֧֣԰ɣлĵ
ǡ
ɼҲ󽫾Ҫƽڿʼػ֮ͳϽһд½ػȨǲƽȥ˳Цġ
лӿ£վǹɼ׵ǰ
Ĺɼ׵ļͷǶùɼ̱壬лҪ֡
ãҾ͹ƽһ¡лѡڼǰȥˮȻٴˮǲǰڼԿɱתƵˮ棬ԾҴҲͲõڼˡ
⣬⡭ɼҪȴһʱ䣬֪˵
Ҳһ£û뵽лȻֶΣҲеֲ󽫾²ðɣеˣܻԹԵģŽǺܴ⡣
лڵİȫ˵ЩҪΪ˶ԹԣӰŽˣźãҴ½ػߵʹҪػ˼İȫίܲˣֱӽ߳½ػߡ
ɣ󽫾ʹãˣɶľӢΪ½ػºͣЩЩɥ˾ͱ߳Դ󽫾ҲźܴӰģ˵Ҳֻǻɣû֤ݣڼصĸûѡУǸ⣬Դ󽫾취С
ɼһĴָ
ľٶ˿ûл˼ǹġ
л͸ðˡ
ð죿
ȻֱлĿľҪˣȻһʱ벻ʲô취
ȷڼȻл
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лڿˣ
ĽӦûڼġ
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ȷûУ
лǾˣǲǰȥˮȻҵǲһػǷԵģȻ޷ڣӲȥӰˣＴڼ飬ҪȥҲǱͲˣҲᵣĵˣӰŽһ˵
󽫾Щſڽ࣬Ҳɣû뵽лһʼĿ
ǿ񰡡
ΪǣѣǷʱػ֮Ǻǵģлĵ
ɼ״ŭл㲻Ҫ̫Ҫ
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˵꣬лѾƮ𣬷һǶ⣬ֱӳڹɼ׵ϣ׶ߵԭתȦ³߸ݡ
ɼ׵ʱˡ
ݴػ֮Ȼֱ֣𾴿ԣҪֵķϣһ´Σ̴лĵ
Ҹƴɼױŭ
Ͻǰֹɼף䵲󣬵󽫾Ƣ㲻Ҫ֡
ߣˣѾˣ֪ôĶлȴҲᣬץסܴ
л󽫾ˡ
ɼ׺޵ҧгݡ
лסԺ֪𱰣𳤵ɵӻʹֽƵһߣĹɼױ׵գȻ˶֪ôġ
Ĳ˶֪ôģǸʲô㣬󽫾ǿ˳㣬Ǹһӽ͡ɼ޿̣ŭĺ
ž
̧־һǶ⣬ûʲôұ죡л󽫾ֵ֮ʡ
һ˲ػ֮ҹػ֮ˣžǶҴ½ػߵһֳ裬ѾһΣ˲֪ڸģл˵
󽫾ɣϽǰлͬʱʹɫ
Щĸַ׷ӿǰһӱ㽫ɼ׼Ⱥȥˡ
ɼ׿лĻȭͷһӣ·˵СӸӵš
˵л
һ䣬ƾʧ


1744  Σһ

лԣУߣǾԺû·ӷƿİʯҹɼʵǿţҲǻ
ɼףе
أ
Ľδ£Ϳǹɼ׺ȻըһӰӹɼڵλó
Ȼл
ɼ׽£ֱӳ֣Ϊ룬˵лƾڵǾмκʮսʶ߹һУοлڳǰʩչʱ侲ֹʹɼֿܹǿ̩ܱһɲǵģο
һɱɼףնɱһ۰
лȻվա
һ£о˿־壬лĮʱ
ҰһȺֽţͷһݣлȫԽ˻ᣬնɱġ
ǲ޵ֶӵģԪ˵һ˶ľ棬λ磬
ɼףȻػ֮˸ҿԣɱ⣡лĵȥ֪ͨǰȥˮȻţȺǲĸǰػ
ΣҲֻôӦ
лЦѣĶ֮ͨ£ȻܹķԸ޷ǾǲҪĳˡ
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ûã˱뿪
лЩҲǰԵͷһ֧Ϊ׵ĶӳѾﵽʮս۷弶ĵزյҲǴɼģӳҲٸ֣ǿʩչ׵ܹ֮׵һ֧Сӵ
ǰȥˮл
ĶӳӦǡ
һ˱뿪ųһʱҲ˳ɫ쳣ѿ
ܡϽǰ
ֵѾܺˣлı̫֮ǱҲδܹģ֪ˣŹ֣ǰȥˮҲֵġ
ܾãлȻ뵽һˣǰ£мƽˡ
棬赣ġȻڵ뿴ζԴֶΣǲ鷳
壿ɻ漴Ȼ뵽һֿܣɵЦﰵл޶ˣٺ١
ˮл֮˶Ϊ֮ȣǷ׷Ǹе˼顣
ǿǹϵ֮һ뱩ڶ񵺵֮ȷµĶࡣ
ϵ֮£ˮĵһԺڣڵڶԺУνǷء
ôҲҪʾһ£ɡлЦ
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лֱӾȻҲ˼ƽϣһģ׼
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лƾٶȣɲǼ㴩Խڵֱӵ׵ڣһ۱ǻ־Ķ˧
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ڻ־ԣס˧Ǿ͵
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ˣ˧ʱֻһͨˡ
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ǻ־Ȼһûʲô˿вǻ־ı˧㡣
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ͬʱ־ʼղԸҲڲԶ֣˷ܵؿš
л㼴ͳ˧һǧָˮ赲ˮƿء
ԣʱϲ֪лǻᡣ
ƾʲôǡϹ´
죡лߵŮ˵һ仰ɱ㣡
ǽϹ¸оһ˿⣬ĻȴǲлҪ˵
£󽫾Ը־ǱлҵӣجΣʱлʵɵأлǿе־壬Ȼ޼ɵģһϹ¿ڣлһֻɱġ
Ϲº޺޵ı͡
ȴ˧ȥˮʮڣϵлߵ˧뿪˻
οжѸ١
ȥҴҡ
عˮлֱӽ˧Ӹˮˮƣѹˮڣ˧ȴԵвͿܼˮڼ֮ˮɱġ
˧֣ҲֻӲͷƤϡ
л־ϹԴӣԼָϵˮ⣬Ϊһߡ
ˣˮνⶼ
лҲˮ
վˮĶˣʥˮҪˮˮҲ޷ӳˮڵˮҲ޷ͷˮػˮ˵ڵˮΣʱȫǴ󳨿ţ֡
վƸߵ㣬лܹԶķ񹬣ҲܿĵŽפأˮ
˻
һ˻ӷ񹬷洫
ֻطڵ񹬵Ķˣңңлԣϲϵðף˻Ҳϲ֮⡣
лĿԣ̾͸оֻط˵͸Եĵ⣬Ϊľżпʹر񣬼ֻ֮ط˹ⲻ뷨ܹ׽һ˿ֻط˹뷨
ǾǡҪҡͷ
лоֻط˹ͷų뷨ɵ΢΢һһĪĲͷ
⣿
ֻطΪ˵ţԼȥ


1745  Σ
л֮ǰεԷ壬ǱϣҪȥĻǵõıȻ裬һܱûҪĶõôķѪԼ콣һױԴֻ֮ط˿ܲйֵҪ
ֻطǿ񣬾֪ѾڿӦлȥˣֻлƣΪŰˡ
лһѼʵ񵶣Ȼֻطˡ
ƾʮҸ֣ܹκҪɵģǿʮһֻ̤𾳽ĸ֡
ֻطˣҪѪͬʱǻпܣ𣿾Ƿ壬ŽȵȸΪˣѵģһƽˮЩΧ𣿹ʶ֮˳ҲȻޡ
ʱš
ȻһƬ谵ȴǰ죬ֻܲڵչâ
ĺҹ٣ؼһƬڣֲָѹѹĺƺЯصѹվˮ棬лֿɼѾؽа֮ңվлоǳصѹ·ǧɽ١
¡
Ȼ䣬һը졣
ƾҷлҷ裬죬񵺷·ڷƮҡ֮С
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лͷȥ
лҵңֻط˹Ц»عڡ
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ʲôأ
леһ˿˿Ĳӷٵתţ˼⣬Žİ취
𣡡
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ȻҲпԶͨûиıֿ֮ԼΪ㣬Ϊֻطͬ޷һѪѾаѪȡ飬ο۸Զ֪ͨپ룬ͿԶֽŵġ
һ㣬ͱҪȵħǿ᲻һġ
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лҲȻ۾Ŀ侫⣬ƴ͸շƣˮϲһһǧҵĸ¥֮ۡ
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Ȼһ±Ǹطܹһ˰Ȼվȴܹ㿪ĶͨȻֶΡ
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˿ˮϦչͻƣȻķӦǣнƣǸƵģﵽϲſܱŵġ
ʥˮˮȴģΪһĻһļʼˮʥˮֲʱƾͿֱܱӷġ
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ǸΨгԽϲſԱӵģƣֻˮϦҪͻƳ𾳽磬Ȼˡ
Ϊʲô
ֻһܡ
ǾǸƵˣлȻŤͷ˫ĿĿ񹬣ǷɵģΪʲô˵лһȥΪƣһĻ֮˶֣ͿʥˮʧܣˮϦѵľء
ֶονޱȵ
лǺޡ
ɲ˼ڲĶԹ֮˵֣Ȼɳ˲顣
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µ˸֣汻֤ˡ
лٵĺţǿռнµƣͷŨŨĺ⣬ɱ⣬ȴް취˿µƣְֻ취һǰȥ壬ͷŸػ񵺣ʥˮʥ磬ʥ֮кܴΣգʥˮʧܣֻһѡǰȥ񹬡


1746  һ
ûܹóлʱ顣
⣡ǳ⣬˵ûô֪ʥ£Ͼʱȥȡı䣬ȴǵͷƵֻȥ

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лڰ֣ԵҪԵġ
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л˼ˡ
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лĲɵ
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÷֣ǲܵġ
ܣ
лѶ֮󣬿ֵ֪ģҪƾ֣ûƾֵڣǻˣֱӷˡ
񹬵֮󣬻
лһԼܵƽľѾľӦóľҵģҲЩҵĲȫƽˡ
̤ǰȥ
˿лſһͷ˰Ȼ
лȭͷһҪһȭҹȥҡ
ţҿǲġǷ۴лһ˵ţȥɡ
лǰȥǺôЦ
Ƿ񹬵ŲûڹرգǴţЩַ֧ĸַ׷׵ӿȥ֣Ҳǹлѿġ
лԴֻܼװ֪
첽ߣܿǰ
ֻط˾ڴ棬ԵȣһҪš
лһĨɱ⣬ۣͣҲΪľȣѾƻֻܽĶͨ׵ĿҪѰǿŶ񵺸ڵء
Ҳûš
ֻҪܹԷʱ򣬴ơ
½ֻʮ׵ʱֻط˲ڵĴӴƮվ̨ϣлл󽫾ŶӦʥ֮лʲô°
ͷػ񵺵л
ȺôõķϣұӦÿģֻ鲻ãʧ˷콣Ҳûֻط˵
лһ콣
ֻط˵ҡͷֻǻܿԡ
Σл
񵶣ֻط˱л˵ͨ켶񵶣ĻҿԿ
̫
лŭһֱײû뵽ֻط˾ȻĿҪ񵶡
Ҳ׷׵
˵᲻ύ񵶣
ҿᣬǿͨ켶񵶣˵ͨ켶ΨѾʧɾһˣôܽȥ
һύȥģʥˮܽ׳ɹռݲ֮ˡ
ٺ٣ҿǽȥҲ϶ῪƵģ˭֪ǵˣУˮ޷ҲǱڵǺĦ˹пܴ߶ˮ
԰˻ʸ϶Ҳа취߶ˮģʱΣУУԲʥˮɽף֮޷赲ҲԲɹġ
һʱϡ
˶ֹлġ
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˵ڲУԺС
ȻУΪҪ
ͷ£лֵֵʥǿռа취ҲϹˡ
Ψһػ񵺵
ôãǾˣذɡֻط˿ɲл˼ʱ䣬˵תعڡ
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1747  
һ֣˶
ֻطҲֻӰˣûߣлʩѹ˼Ļᣬñ뵽ƽ취
Ǳ˵Ļֻط˸ȥܹжԸƵлͬĿлĴ챻Ϊǲܵ漣ѾЩģԾлһ˼Ļᡣ
ˣֻط˵
лһ񵶳С
񵶣ٶǿ񵶣һܹγܹʮսʼɨһĸ֣εȿֲ˭Ҫ
˶Ѿʼǣܹγˡ
Ҫˣ˵ǹ٣ҷǾһ壬޳оġֻط˵
лĵˡ
ģ񵶸ңҲֻǿǷػһֻطѵ
лϵļһ鶯嶼ˣ޲óȥһֻط˸ƬŽޡ
ֻطǹЦ
Χ۵Ҳ׷״ţѾˣֻط˸ûҪװ׵õء
ֻлľ棬֪⣬Ҳֻˣ밾һأԺ⣬ȫԺġ
Ϊ֤񵶵٣Ǿ鷳㽫񵶰γɡֻطЦеĵ
лԣɫ䡣
񵶣ڵľܹγģΨͨ켶ܹİγ񵶵ģΪ
γ
εͦ𡣡
ԼĵβǿЦ˵ЦЦˣлµģˡ
ٶ
леɱ¶ˡ
Ķֻطˣͷɱ⼫أֻܣˮľȵòˡ
һ£ʥˮʧܣܸˮڵĸشȻ֮ɱȥȫû
뵽ȽлҲֻͣ뵽ˮϦΣ뵽˷׷ˣ뵽ڱչصţ
ȻлԺһ
ĵطǰػ֮µĽأҸڵ֪ǰػ֮һЩ飬лؼǵãһ˿޻ʼУйڴ˺ҪľٶǾʥˮס
˵ʥˮܹ˿ٵĽ״̬ǵĹΪ
ȻˣǷ֪ƵĴأ
˵֪лŵģǱѡУȻ֪أȻˣôʥˮˮͿ⵽Ƶѹƣ˵ĻǾͱȻ뵽ƽ֮
Ҳ˵չĽڣӦֹƽٵв
л뵽һͣٿȻһ£»عľƽȣҲʱˣ̾͸Ӧֻط˵̬
ֻط˴
ȻѡУôɱٲṫȻ¶ģʥˮˮҲעģǾŲʷһ棬Ͼǻǡǡµľˮ
Ҳ˵Բʥˮ׵ģܻᶯģͬģǸûȥ񵶣ΪƹҲãԶͨҲգǶһ˼ġ
ֻطҪ񵶣޷Ǿ衣
ѾҪͷػˣлҲ赣ˣҲųһĨЦ⡣
ֻط˼״ʱٴС
һɲĸоͷֻֻط벻ףлʲô취ػ񵺵صĺֵܱġ
ǿ쿴лȻЦˣɵ˰ɣ
Ǿ̫Ȥˡ
ɵл̫ˡ
˻û˵꣬лȻһ֣̽һץһǿ͸ȥһӱ㽫֮˵ĲӸץסˣһ
˵ϲӶ
лʲô߼ˣˣ㲻Ҫҵ𣿺ã͸㣡
˵ţ񵶣һɿ񱩵սҰӿȥǿлȫս൱ڶűսεȵĿ£֮ϵʱһ貵Ĺâѹʮ
˶û뵽лͻȻ˱仯
ಣ
лһѽͶݳȥ
񵶻һ貵ĹâХȥҪԽֻطˣǴ棬л֣ǾлǷˣңڻвɸ˵ܣֻط˲ġ
䣡
һȻ
ֻطҪ赲лͶ
ˣ㲻Ҫҵˣֱ˵αܾءлЦ˵ţüļһĹ⻪˸
Һ̬רѹƷʮ
ʮͽԾɶԷžԵѹƣһֻ֣ط˸оѹ֣׾һ
ˢ
񵶱Ծ˹ȥ
ɱˣлҪ
ֻطûסǶԷĹּȴ˳ˣּһϹŴ壬ͬĹŽ壬壬ʥȵȱӡһּҲǱӡļ壬ǰǰ׼ռĶֱдʥأּķʽչѾǿ൱̶ˣּҵļܹǷƿصǿ
˿ּҵ峤л֣Լ˽лնɱ̱ɱ˳
ȻĿץ񵶣ֹ񵶻ٵ
лȵһȭ˳ȥ
һȭǿֲ֮ŭ
ǿս·һצıɱȥǿּ峤Ҳֻתȭֵ
أ
˵ײּ峤ʱƺһһ˿Ѫ֮󣬡ડĵסΡ
ͬʱػǴ档
䣡
񵶱һ±㽫ǴݻˣһƬ档
Ҳҵҡ
ķ˷׷׵ĳ赽߿գڵĶлЩַ֧ҲǷ׷׽䱸һҪʱֵӡ
ֻط˱Ҳɷڡ
лЦеĵˣ˵Ҫҵ񵶣ֲҪﲻ˵Ҫ͸ʱ˵Ҫǵģôõһˡ
ֻطĻðɡ
˻
˻ը졣
һɱ̹ǵĺӷɢأ˸о׹ߣһѩ׵Ļ׹
ȻǱı档
лԭΪڿޣϾ߽ķѪдëΪŹۣҲ׵ĳֵģû뵽ﻹǾôɳˡ
渲Ƿ񹬣ա
лҪǸʲô͸еⱻĹ·ȴһϤϢӵð
Ϣ٣ԺԲơ
лĸо̫ˣؿĺУǸϢ·γһ㡣
ǳϡȴ̼лڵ֮һҵĶ
֮


1748  Ҿ֡һ
ǱϢлϴ֮ԲܴģڿʵѪľһжоյ֮ȻӦ
һж֤Ϣ
ͨϢǳԽģȻ֮
ȷ֮ле㵣ЩţʲôطǷ񹬣
˵Ųʷյڵرĵĵص㣬ȻϢʲô˼
ѵ˵񹬵棬һͷɣ
뵽лľһ¡
ͬģһɳɱϢҲȻֻطˣ֪񹬽ڴˣѹ˵صĿʲôԭû򣬸徫񣬻Ƶ֣ûеݻٹӲôġ
ֻû뵽ᷢ顣
վǱлˣ¶֮ΪһԱϢ֮˽⣬
лҴҷ𣡡ֻط˴ŭ
лЦ裬ˣԴΪңȴ˵㣿˵ȥ˭ţһָķˣĸ֣һ˱ƿص˶ţһ㣬ٺ٣ˣҪôˡ
лֻطŭȵ
ͱлһȭּ峤ʹŭҪٴγɱȥ
лȻתּ峤ڣķ˱㣬ĸֻ㣬ɱ㣬ҲסС峤û˵ʸ񡣡
ּ峤˵࣬ҧгݡ
С壬ķչŷ֧֣Ѿǿܹ͹Ž֮ǿ忹һˣλС壬ĸܲлķ̡
ɱ㣡ּ峤ŭűɱ
ҳȫ㣡лĵ
ֻط˫չȫëէˣţʾŭɭɭĵлɱˣұԶ
лͷҲصĵҾͿûʸҸһ£ν˼һǿߵʵ
˵Żó˼ȭ״ϡ
űȺˣּңлһԹҪйȻ˼ܹ顣
ɱ
ּ峤ȻǿͬЯħޣ׺ݵĳײȥٶ֮죬֮ǿΧ߶Ϊ֮¡
ǿǳǿ
ƾּ峤һʮս۷弶ֶĶ֡
ױ
лȭ
һȭûа飬һǿֲĽɫҲ֮սںϣ˵ļױ֮֮ŭƶնҪĶ࣬ݶϾǽɫ缸ûʱ̶׳С
ӲӵĹлȭͷ棬׺ݵ˹ȥ
ּ峤ҲƵĻӶһǹݺݵĴ̳ȥ
Ҫֻطǰúñһô෽ַ֧ģͿλּ峤ˡ
ǹ顣
أ
лһȭػǹǹ档
ǰɣ
޴ȥһ磬ֱӽǹǹ⿪ʼһΪǿĵҲ͸ǹβֱӺּ峤ϡ
˿ֲĹ֮£ͨʮս۷弶ֵܹ
սǶľű
䣡
ּ峤ҵĽн廹δ׹أˣ
һɱ
ԭ˶ǺȻԶԡ
ּҸֿ峤ɵնɱһʱ侹Ȼ˱𣬱лǿˡ
ֻطҲһȻԣŵģ£ˮлǵģǣҲһɱģͬЩĿɿڴԼ۾лȻǿ˹
лڱȣڵĻǿƱ֣նɱŽ֣ñ飬Ȼ֪ȴֻʮͷˣֻطѯʹȴʵû뵽лȻǿزõУҪлʴ䣬ǽ汻ˡ
ټлЩڵĿޣ١
Ѿʮս۷弶ıԵˣȻսĸࡣ
ͬסĻиոճıЩסˡ
峤
ɱ峤ƴˣ
ּҿֵһƵɱȥ
лһһתһƮţнٵּҸȺдš
ء
һ󼤵УͿһӰҽ˷ȥٵּҸֱл˳նɱһ
һ£ʱ÷ҳһࡣ
˵һ˾л˶ˣôܺ
˻
׷һŭ˻
Яı棬Ӹ߿ֱӸ
л۱侫⣬ȻȫָˣеǣϼлǹëȻ³ˣΨһĲͬǣëľȻžŲʹ⻪ԣŲʷйء
һķ𲻴Ҫ͸ңãҾͲͳͳˣл
ἰ𣬱ŭֱ嶥
Ҫķˣ¿˵Уĳ裬ʧѪ»ָ˵ҲѣѪҺѾǱһֻ֣Ҫͨطɴ߷ëأǿҪʱ䣬ǿŲʷ˳ֵģʹķ𲻵ָʤǰ
սҲӦȻҪˡ
ಣ
лڿնӭȥ
һб仯ֻطеֲķˣȫΨλ൱ģҲá
ŵķǽЩַּ֧ŭˡ
ǿлɱּôˣͺܷŭҪԱοԸ⡣
һʱ䣬ּԼּͬȴҲ׷׳֡
䡭
ĵ⽣Ӱָ׷׵ĳɱ
̼䣬ڶǸָĹлһӾ͸
лλлûЦ
֮
ģԭʼ
Ϳл·һ̣ӰĹ֮ƮţӲеĹû
ЩڿУȺֻطķǣǺЩ˾͵ùˡ
ء
˶ĹһӾЩ˷׷׵˵
ǱҲС
ڱﱾЯ湥˶Ĺֻǽı飬û˼ЯҲĴˡ
ðл
Ťͷȥӭľһ˶ȭͷ
أ
ıﱻлһȭԴϣлģȻɱƷϱɱˮǾˡ
飬ҲлһȭĻȥصĵ档
𣬽û֣ٶȻʹȥ
Ҳġ


1749  Ҿ֡
ڷɱˣҲ֮ǰлҪйһ£Ǻзִ磬ʱ򣬸ˮѩϼ˪
һʣرصĳ
лҲ̻һ⣬ǵĹģڵϣҪû񵶣Ҫµ֮Դ

ӶľٶֻطҲŭˣŭһȻӶһ׻һ޴Ļ˹ȥ
֣Ҳͣˡ
ֻط˱Ͼʱڹϵĵرϵ˼һǿߣǵܱ֮ģЩνĶǿߣ쳣ļɵ
лЦһٶȻӿ졣

Ƶ磡
ԭٶȵĻӲ࣬ɲǼ㵽Ǵĵص㣬񵶵Աߡ
ֻطһա
ˣҪҪھһһУŲʷһܹ֪ɣԶͨķҲ֪˵ǻ̬ءлЦе˵϶޳֮˹ᣬˮ顣
ἰͷֻطǷŭľࡣ
лֻ̫طҪ侲ڵľȵòԿȻĻʵ²̨ж˫۾ء
лЦ۽Ʋһ¿еƣô̫ˣȣ۸ң˭֪ģ㣬ȴεĸӿҸӣûɱѾܲˣоҾһ£ǷˣˣԲ̫
ֻطŭٶȳײ
̫ˣ
Ҫѹңôɵ뿪񹬡ֻطŭȵ
Ļһ䣬Щ֮ǰķ˷׷׵
Ǻܶ࣬Ҳнٵķˡ
ɫӦоУÿһɫζһƷ֣Ƿеķ෽Ҳɿǿ
л̽ץ񵶡
˵䣬ҲûţѾʼ֮ʼȡ֮Ҫ֪֮лҺ̬İǷǳ֮ģ֮Ҳ̩һࡣ
һлԣǾҺ̬ɱʵȼõ
ֻҪ滻ûôףҪһЩʱ䡣
ол͸ۿ̽Ҫ浽ʲôΪʲô֮
ȻϢǰǻŵ
һ̽Ķͨʲôûֻ֣ǿܵķ˻ȼţһС
л޷״ġ
˰ס𡣡лĵüļҲðһżҺ̬ʮ𣬡
ʮ֣ʱеķͬܵεѹȣһУһεĵ档
ͽʵžŲĻ棬Һ̬ڣҲ˿ƷǿĴڡ
ʮ֣ͨķˣ޷ܡ
лڵ֮ҲѸٵܿȫȡ֮Һ̬ҲսȻмˡ
ŷأֻطҲһ
Ȼع֮󣬸ĹлҺ̬ʮܹƷ˵顣
ЩΪˡ
ܹƷˣҲȻſãƾлչֳҪֵĻƾݿƣܵġ
ˣǣ
˳
ֻطɨһּۣһǰųɳĺ¼ҵ峤
ͬ¼峤һĻʮˣֱּңŽ壬ѩȵʵȨ
ֻط΢΢һͷ
¼峤˳ɱȥ
ٵת֮лôһȺˣҲţҪ֣һô˶˵Ķ֣õİ취Ѹٵ뿪ֻǲ֮ȫתǲģϾˮڵΣҪսԽǿԽõġ
лٵתţؾͿǴӵðϡ֮ͷ׷׵ĻǰγһӰצġ
һ˵Ҳųɱ
ʱ侲ֹ
лȻ̧֣һץһ޴ʱֳָǼŻȼţȥǳĹͬſµá

ʱ֣̼㽫ǰĸָ
лʵǿʱҲԽԽǿǼ˷еֻذеʱ巽֮󣬸ˡ
лҲһץ񵶣һӡ
ʲôһĨһеһ±㽫ǰĺ¼峤˸ն˲
ֻôһмʮ˱Ĩɱ
ɱ֮ףҲЩҪɱ֡
Ҫ𣿡л񵶵ָǰһȺ֣ĵХЩԾԾԵŵüæˡ
صʬ˸е塣
ֻط˿ɱأɱ
ǵķŭˣκι˼´˱ɱ
лڵ֮Ҳﵽ˶壬ɣ֮Ҳ׵ȡЩٶĸǣЦλˡ㣬иˡ
ʾ⣬һţʧûӰ

ȫЩ˵׷ɱ˲Ϣǧ׵ľ룬ΣѾعˮڡ
ʱգƵ½ٶȻڼӿ졣
ŵҲӣɢǹѹˣ͸ЩֶеݵѹָС
лˮֱǽء
ǰػ֮ȻΪʥˮΪˮ׼ֻҪУ俪ɡ
ڽظˮʱһŨصѹȸС
Ӱ֣ȺڰУѾˮڲ߿ա
лأ㻹ǲҪȥĺáȺվգĵ
ΪʲôܽȥѲɣӣǸˮڼ飬֪רĴڣصض赲ҵģлȺӼţڿ϶ܹ޷õĶԲӵġ
˸лŵȶࡣ
а취ͺý
ֻ֪ҵʹǣֹ̤ƬڡȺĮĵҲûгϣҲûзϡ
лһЦǾͿûǸˡ
˵ŻлҪʩչֱûС
£
Ⱥһ۱ʶл뷨һģһ޴Ⲩбһ֣лС
лͷҲûӣؽȺҳȫ㣬֮ڣժͷ
˵лǵ񱩾Ȼ񷢻ӵ쾡°Ⱥĵһ飬峤ûأǾ˾һ㣬ɱ㣬ѽͷ֮ޣ
Ŀԣŷɱ
л٣˽ҰɡһڵĴƺ֮䣬Ѿлߡ
Ǽ뻤ӵķϣһֻѾ̤𾳽硣
лһ룬ҲãƾϵʵٲᱻȺΣҲ԰Ľڣأ
һӯӯŽˮˮػţԻ˶ˡϵ
лͷ㲻Ⱥ
Ҫһ˻졣
ֻֻطˣķˣּң¼ҵĸֺƺƵɱûйŽ壬ѩȸֻּҺͺ¼ҵ֣ȻĿǰġ
ǻδϵϷҲһ
֮ϣħХ죬ʮħգ̵ҲƺƵĸˡ
һӱˡ


1750  Ҿ֡
ֻط˻ǰлԤ֮УҲ뵽ֻط˿϶취ʥˮˮģԼɱˣҲᶯֻ֣ɰˣֻǴ챻նɱּҺͺ¼ҵĸǰҲɿĳֻط˶ٻ˼ɵģ̫ҲлûɱԱԭնɱһͷˣץסɣ˾Ͳôˡ
ǵĵлҲû⡣
ֻҪܹǽڵİȻػˮǸԹвģ֮˽Ǿ͸ӲܲӽǾͻᱻȥı顣
л˿ɵǰ
û뵽ǣ̵ĸ־ȻʱͻȻˡ
櫽̤һħʣȻǾտȥ˹һϮװյ쳣
ƺƵĸ֣н֮ڣȫǸ֡
̵Ȼ棬⣬ľȻһЩħǾѰζˡ
Ҫ֪ħ˼ģѾлնɱ
׾ˡ
ħҲѾ繥ݣôħأлܶ϶˽ģǾֻһֿܣЩħǴӵħӳģȻеħӳôǷĵħĸֵأ
оǵħ絽˼ֻͨһ϶ˣȻӴ󣬿ҲΪʴװɱлҲ֪ˣµʴװҪħ϶ģԭڣʴװδ׷Ҳ⣬ֻĻǷҲǱأ
л˼һӻԾҲЩ
𣡡
ħһ𶯵ڳǶҡΡ
վħͷ֮ϣ·ƺƵ֣лԼǻַ赣һˮ
л
ɱˣЦеĵǻȴ˲ĿҲתͷЩĸ֣ҵħ类繥ˣЩ֮ˣҵħ˲ĳˣ
лԣüëһ
ȻԼģ
Щɣ֮ǰľٶʲôԼʲôɫ񵤵ģֵúʹ죬лĽ䱸̶ȣֻطˣŮ̫գ̫թˣȻȡɫ񵤣лܸоûô򵥣櫷ѾĻþֶΣŪɫ񵤣ôˣ
ţ櫾Բˡ
櫱Ȼı
ãǾͽ統а͸ˡл˾
а˼峤Ⱥɫ΢䡣
˷ĸ֣а壬ӥΪСԱϾǶ񵺣ǶԷ巽滹ЩĵģԳҲ̫࣬Ҫ̾ϸѡĽֶԸаǿߣôаĿȫġ
ˣȺ뱾һսɣаˣǹƽһս櫵
̵ĸҲ뷢С
棬ȷǹĺܡ
ȺоѹǴ˱ϾޣˮĻӦټ̵ĸ֣Ǿвˡ
ʵȺ֪ˮڻʮԺҵĸ֣ǿɶһֻ̤𾳽ĳǿߡ
ͬܣΪˮڼ飬аر֪ʮֵˣǳ֮ٵġ
Ⱥˮһ¥֮ϡ
˼Ӧ԰취
лתͶֻطˣˣҲˮ֮һսˣм
ֻطĲȥ
Ȼҵġ
ֻ̺ղ֣ЩֲǸĻ̵Ȼ͵õϢ㱻
ҲȽͷۡ
л˵ڳǣ˼ڵħ磬ҪսǶ˼磬ǲԿˮǺ֮˹ˣ
ȥǵӰǳ֮ġ
лɱּҺͺ¼λ峤֮£ǻûءֻط˸ɴ಻лĻ硣
лЦˣǾ͵ˮ֮˾ս֮ɣȻĻʱǰҺܻǲǺһˡ
һ仰ֻطˣʱˣš
л˼ôôģ֣ԼȴҪΪԼν棬˼İΣƲ˼ֿܹ磬ҿɴཫЩԿȴ֮ʲôħ尡ˣǺܹ翹⡣ʱҲˡ
Ļֻط˺лɫЩ仯
Ů˵䡣
ֻط˷治֣緽湴ˡ
ٺ٣櫣Ҿ֪϶ڵġлЦݺܲãҲ˺ܱĸо
ȻһЦưǵΪ֮ȻĶŮ˶ҪģΨлôеһ˿⣬Ҿͱͣ㰲ĵĴɣ岻ʲôҪСˣܹ֮˵˼ҹŽġ
Ǳߵֻط˵Ļðɡ
ʵȷĬģȻϹȻ֮ˣڳھû˶
лŤͷֻطˣˣϿɣǰ֮ˣûΪأǵȵ½ƽϡ
ҷһΪ˼磬ˮֻط˰Цü仰ҺˣǸܵģɱڶ࣬ǲһҲ˵ùȥҿɣһ㹫ƽ۽Σսҷ弴ߡ
ߣ廹һΪ˼簡ѹֽоһ壬ãðлЦ
ⲻƣȵƸӵľг
ֻطĺ޲ԼֲŸģлҺ̬ʮ𣬶ڷźܴѹƣʵԶлܹµġ
ãӥˣˡֻطҲ֪Ȼ˶ϣͲ֮ܵģھּҵλХһսɣҲּң¼ҵĶԹ
һӰȺзɳ
ԼһҵӣһϮɫľװ΢΢죬עĿںڵüëܳȻܹ磬ּҵĸ֡Х
ּҡ¼ҡԪҶǰֻطͳ˧ѡС壬ռ츳ǱӤ׶齨ģøֶΣıأȻͬŽ壬ӡķչܵκεӰ죬ҲûκνǢǵʵΣ˸֪ҲǷƿصǿڣϹŽ壬ƷĴ
лҲһսˡ
ȻҪսǾսپ


1751  ˡһ
ǽƣھشʮ׵ʱ򣬾ȻֹƱʲôһ㡣
˸еǣδлĽųһĨ貵ĹâһȻͬģҲ֪Ƿʲôϵ
һȷ
Ƶڻؼ
ڳ֮˵ÿһǶǳɾģܹǣԼ˶һͷǽڵѾʼˣֻǵʲôеģ˭Ҳ֪ӲףǶûиоƾͻȻֹԵøĹ졣
ΣƹŹֵͻȻͣ£ɢˮлǶǾ޴ĺϢ
ХȻҪ֣ұ㣡лЦţڿն
ХҲһ粽
ң
˼ֵʱͻȻ֮䣬վԶȺȻһ˻𣬿ռָһ档
ˡ
̼ͬܵһĲ
ͬʱһƬѪɫĹ⻪ǹĵطѸٵɢ̼㽫ڳϷƱѪɫģˮϿգǺʱҪѪһ㣬Ҳٶǿ
ڣ룬ѶƵġȺЦ
Ȼ̸ֵȺҪȺаս˭֪櫾Բܰʥˮ׵ģΪͬĵħĸгͻ
ˮγɣŵĽ˼лһоԵı֮أǶǱڵв
ʶ櫲ûȥֹȺĳ֣УбȺᣬֹˮ˳š
Ϊӵľ档
Ҫֶģ֮£ȴ֣Ӳ⣬ŪͿġ
лĮĶѪɫơ
ҲףûɵؾͶƣȻ֮˵Ȼų׼ġ
ˮڼ飬ҲȻԽ֣㲻ҳȥ׼ģʶ½ͻȻӦҲǵԤ֮УȻҲ԰취ġ
ѪɫƼǿٶ½ơ
ڵĹ⻪ɣѾ޷ͬļ
ಡ
ʱһӰˮ֮ڣǸٶޱȣͬһ㡣
ӷΪ֮
巽΢һͷסڣκ˲ÿһ

̷ɢڡ
巽л΢΢һͷ粽ڣȻлǣƣôԳ֡
¡¡
һը졣
Ҫ˵𶯵֮елȺ櫣ֻط˵ȶ񶯵һЩΪ͵ģ档
ͬģѪɫܵӰһģȻɢһЩѪɫðࡣ
ɽţһֻ̤𾳽ķƺһȫѪܵĴɽڳ˳

Ⱥ֮Ц
ɽ»ָ
ͷǲɵˣǵ˶ҽȥٵĽƣֹƣȻȥ㣬þǴɾʥ׺ʹɾʥˮʥˮģʥרƵģʥױؽ춯Ҫ볹׼ô򵥣ܹż֮ףߵֿ׵ˣκ˶Դﵽ㣬ʥ׷ȺЦ
лЦʥ׵ĻȻͬһǴתƹȥģȻˣлԣûʲôӰ죬ֱӱ߽ȥ
վҪ졣
ٺ٣֪֮⣬ҲлһļʣԿʥ赲˰ɡȺЦЦĿֻ꣬طˡ
ֻطһûжԣֻХͷ
ڵľǣ櫵ֻ̺ط˿ƵҪ֮˽һսҲǰлˮڴ֮ǰΪ˷ֹʥˮףǾͱȺ֣лˡ
㸴ӵľ棬Ҳл״
˺ѵת䣬һ˲Ϣ䣬һȷ֪νǹĺܣл櫴˷ǰҪĿľǷֹʥˮ׵ģȺаԿҲֻ˳Űˡ
лɱּҺͺ¼λ峤֣ХҪһսХȵ
лڵľƶľʱ䡣
ֻĽХɴǽڣ׻ٵѪɫƣԱҪսپ
ȻҲ벻ХͳɽڣĻţֻطˣ櫺Ⱥӵģһˣ˺ƤˣˮӵĲ
Хһսסǵ͡
⣬лȻǡ
֮ǰڷڣлģĲ˵޵Чûչֳ
Ҫ֪֮ǰʮս۷弶ǻһĲ࣬Ѿֿɼ۷徳ˣǾʵõ൱ˡ
̼䣬лƻһʮ׵ɽɢ޾ѹҪӾ֮׹ѹһС
ǰֲХɫ΢䡣
ಣ
ХһӱɱлȫƵĻᣬȳ֣ǿ͵Ĺ
һǹƶ
ּóıǹźܶǹ
лһĨâ̾ȻҪսپһʱĻᣬֱǱɱ
ƶն
սӿ룬貵ĵ⡣
ˢ
ǹһֱߣڿһƬɫĹ⻪㵽лĺǰҲһ˲䣬лͻȻ벽
ͬʱһĨ
ػ֮⡣
ž
ػ֮ⱻУ֮ǹȻػл֮ϣǿҲ
ꡭ
ǹл֮ϣ֮һǹл֮һߣ˹ȥлϱͬǹһ㣬ҲȻǰһ±㵽ХĽǰ
ն
һĨĺâ̺űɱƶնХݺݵնȥ
һնУɽһɽġ
κԵֿ
ХʶķһУȻһųҵĻ֣һӾͽ
Ҳ֮ն䡣
¡
ǻֵ飬ХҲ˶һ٣ļҪѪ嵹ɳȥһٶס
лɫ΢䣬Ķֻطˡ
ֱȻֻطΪĿľҪסХʱԵķмΣһξѾ㹻ˡ
⣡
ʱХȻչһԻɫ
էȥ˵еƣϸһȻͬ͸һ˿ĽɫұȼŻ档
лɻĵ
ХЦûǳں׶ɵģлңǾͿûб׷ˡ
лɨһֻطˡ
һ֣ҲҪХɱҪĿľҪסûлڣʥ׵ֹѪɫơ
ࡣ
лҶ϶ֻط˱ȻҲҪڣǱ׵ģֻ֪пܽȥȻðգΨˣֻҪסƶɱʥˮĽס
ããǺưлĵ


1752  ˡ
Ȼ˼ֻط˶ƣȺҲǽ˻ϣƸǿô̷أ
л˼ת櫡
ֱ櫿ҲԼĴ㣬ֹܹʥˮף̷϶֮á
ѾлǩԼȻ޷ôҪֹصģǻľٶأлűɨһ櫣ӦЦлһͷ
ģ֣һնɱǣ
лû˼ȥˣѪɫٶ½һﵽر¾ͻἯеˮʥˮˣǾԲԵģнХ˵ɡ
Х
ϺȴлȻչһ

ڳл󣬾еҲǲףȻȽײԶٶȴޱȵģҪҲٶȡ
Ƶ磡
лҲ߶Լյ
ٶȣļӳ֣һӱлٶȴﵽۼ޷׷ĵز
ˢ
ȶлһ㣬ɲǼѾХǰʮҵľ룬쵽Хŵĵز
Хվһֻ̤𾳽ĸ֡
ּĵһǿߣӦͬѸ٣ĳȻȶһֻط˷ȥ
ѡȻлķۡ
ҪֻطڵӪУһ׷ȥֻطȫ԰г֣лʼ޷ֵġ
ֻХֻطǰնɱ
ٶȣ
лһ±㽫ٶȷӵԼܴﵽļޣԭʮ׵ľ룬Ҳһ׵ӡ
ХһƴĿ쭡
ҪٶȴֻطӪУѵİ취ֱߣŻ졣
˾͸лᡣ
ˢ
лִһʱ֣ǵ׺ǳʱ˲ϢŴʮһӾͽХС

õӳֵʱ侲ֹʱҲǼӳһЩӣǶٶȴﵽޣ˲Ϣǧ׵лԣѾǷǳʱˣХһ˲䣬лѾˡ
ûκεֱͣ˵һĳȥ
䣡
л˴صײХϣֱӽײķѣѪҲֻطĸϡ
һɱлûκεͣһת㻯һⱬǽصɽڣҪȥĽơ
лԵȣ̴ȵ
ľٶлԤ֮УĹ죬˵Ǻ֮ܶ˵ģǿ϶ģĿҲʥˮ׵ġ
ȻȺֻط˶ˣ櫿ûк
ʶ櫣̽ٶȷӵޣɽڳȥֻҪУһоͺðˡ
Ҫ֣ܵġ
櫣

һӰ㣬һס櫵ȥ·ƾһ̵֮ĸָסˡ
˺һǿƱӳȥѹȵЩħǷ׷׵ķһľ˻ĵţ櫶оһ˿ԵֿѹȸУȻо˳֣ɡ
ǿȥл۽ɨˣҲһ㵡
˺Ȼǡ
֪ʲôطվһ˵ס̵ĸ֣һ׼УʴװֻɢѹأѾʮսʵľ磬ŵõħ˼˫رԴӳ֮ͷ˸Եı仯ɢѹӲѹȵ̵ĸֲǰһ֪ʴװѾԽһǿߡ
ֻһĹл˽ɽڡ
һ櫻ȻҽԼģԱĳ֣ɽڣ櫻ᡣ
һɽлʱоһС
һʧˡ
ѾָЩɽڴκ˲ÿȻҲûɵĳȥϾ׵Ƿȸֶ޷ֿ˭ҴȥʶɽڣлҲ赣ӡ
һУŨص׵¡¡Ĵɽڳ
ԭлҲ룬δʥʥ֣ѹʮǿֲ˸е־塣
лڵҲ΢΢Ĳš
Щɱ׵ȻȻıӹߣûһܹģҪ˵á
ķϵ˼״ɵôϲ
Ҳǵлܵ谭ģõģȻ׵ԶĶл
ٵתһ䣬лͿԶ
˿̵ƯڿУŵһʥˮ۶ɵĺɻʥɡ
ٶȻ˼ʡ
лȥ룬λãһС
ɽͨۡ
ֻлͿǰȻʵһƬ
и̨һˮء
ˮڵؾʥˮѾɿݣȻµĺɻйģӦʥױʥˮȻȻı仯ǡ
̨߽㡣
ÿһ涼š
վڲԶл͸оһǿķ֮Ǽ̨˴ݳе׵Ǵ̨˴ݳġ
ʥ׾ڼ̨ˡ
ôνķ֮ȻҲʥ׽ϵģҲӦƹҪƿʥף߶Զʥµķ֮֮ںϵġ
ʥ
лһӱˣǰػ֮¼ʥ׵ܹӵ߰˳ĻôͿһӽƶݻˣܹʮ֮һҲɵֵƵ
ɾʥףǿױȵ
һлֱǼ̨Ϸȥ
ݣ
ոյ̨ˣδȥһĺХһĽƿն
ε񽣡
лһзתնյĶȥ
Ȼε񽣸ӵĿֲлɣܱǰսսʽҪĿ£ܹһɱġ
ȵлһӱƮԶľ롣
Ҳһ˲䣬л꾹Ȼһ˿֪Щ˺ѸĴֻۣΪʲôˣʼûףŽӽ̨Ȼ궼𶯡
Ҫ֪лǺˣܳβǵģɽȴĳܹ̼
л˫Ŀ˸ž⣬ĶǼ̨
ﴦҲͻͻ
Ҫ֪Ľ׿ʥ׵ľʥͬѹƵã˵κȻɵ׵лǰȻġ
Ǽ̨׵Ҳͻͻ
һ겨
лǼ̨Ϸɣ֪ʥ֮У
̨ͳͳֳһӰشʥ߳ҲѸٵķŴ
һ꣡


1753  ʥ֮һ
һŮˣȥҲʮӣ̴棬ĺƯֻһŮǿ˵ıɫ
ǽһ꣬Ȼ͸һɰȻ
ǰػ֮ɣл
국ĵȻ֪ңΪδѵ֪ΪˮԵػ֮׼ġ
ҪҳЩûõģʥˮĶӦʥ׵ķӦҲӦףĿģҲ뵽Щν׻ûʲô˼˵ɣΪʲôʥ׵ƣʥˮסл˵ĵһ仰ЩУûõƨ
ֱ˵˵΢΢һ
ƺѾ֮Ҳֻ״̬Ȼػ֮Ĺ⻷ǰ֮ҲûʲôʥлЧ޷вġ
ΪҪʥǵ
лһ£ǰһѵûʹ𣬲ҪʥˮףƵĶɱ𣿡
ЦȻǣ
ʲôлԲЩԾ
ʥˮҵĿģɲǸĿģҪǣҵͽеʥˮںϣȻʥˮ֮ˮ۳ȫµ壬¸ȻˮңҶ֡Ȼ
лȻˣ㲻֣ʥˮνף
ЦһʥˮѾˮϦţǸҲЩǽ׳ɹˣҲ޷õˮ֣עˮϦҵģҵȻ֣ҲЩʲôˣ֮˵עء
˵Ŀл
һɲ֮ͷ
лԺһĿģĿң
Цŵ˵ͷ
ϴǰͷװ֮׵׵ʥˮѾ޷õҪȡҵ׵ð֮һ壬֮׵޷ΪףҲˮĹǿһʵԸϵΨҶ𡣡л
˵һû
꣬лĿľҪԼ
Ȼû뵱ҺѡУƾ츳ǰҵ˵˱ɳɳѾǾͷˣƫƫҪΪЩǷˣԲǹһģˣҲ벻һǰ׼
ĻԭΪؼ⣬ȷ±˻ʶΪĴ½ػ߿ǣΪ˼翼ǣû뵽㾹ȻΪһ֮˽лĵ
һ֮˽ɹɱͷͬԱס˼磬һ֮˽귴ʵοܹӵڣҲҵĹͣȻҪɱҲҰһ¡
лӿһŨصɱ⡣
ŮǱ֮ǰΪԻˣŮ˼ֱҪĿ¡
Ҳ׵ǣƵ޷ǾʥˮʥףʥˮѾˣҲҪʥˮŻ귢仯İɣʥЧ㻹ζԸҡлĵ
ȻһЦ꣬ЧһôһɱĶ
˵䣬Ϳʥ˸һĨâ
һ͸ų֮񽣳С
֪֮𣿡ظŴı֮۶ɵ˸źâ񽣡
л𣬵Զʥڵı֮۶ɵġ
Ц֪ĺٰܲĵ񽣣Ľ֪ǰûнģǱʥնϵģƹѾþ취һɡ
ģˮԵģɵĿʥһܹﶼһɾʥסлĵҲһֱ벻ͨ⡣
ʥǺεȿµ
Ҫ˵ԲϣԵľͷҲδʮİգزģʶлŻ˵ǰһ⡣
ҵܣǲκ˵ġЦеĵҵֱʥ׽Ƹݻˣһ룬Ļҵ֮ҪһʱʵߵıҾûô
лѿҪˡ
Ů˾ȻֻΪԼһʱ뷨ûдݻơ
˽ˡ
ն񽣵Ľ⣬ǿռڵı֮ȻʥˮҵѪΪںʥ֮ʥڴγ񽣡Це˵ɴ񽣣ɱ練ƣ
лЦҿδذɣƺҲôǿ꣬Ҳʲô
ΪƹһֱעҵϣΪĻȻᱻҳģж׵򣬶ʥҲһĵֻֿһᣬɱҵģȻˣһ˼񽣡긧񽣣һܹնɱ񽣣ܹʥ񽣡
ˢ
ת񽣱ڿлһߣָлջḶ́Ȼһռ϶
÷񽣣
лһθоܹһϳ̵
񽣾ѾԽսʼĸ߶ȣûдﵽͨ켶ľ磬Ҳˡ
֮ʤҲʤġ
־ܰɡ
л꣬ȷǿɶлЧϾΪɲǰģκ궼ҪСĽġ
񽣱Ƚ˼ɵ
ӳ񽣵ĺܿ¡
񽣣񽣣ҾͿк֮лĿⶸȻһ䣬֮һ±ʶС
ճҺ̬ʱ
֮ȣ֮߶Һ̬㣬һӵлûͷųĲҲʹ˲ʥ׶һĲ
ľ꾪
лߵ֪̫ˣ
Һ̬ڲлƾ裬һ߷ǿֲʮ֮ǿԵĿֲ
ˡ
񽣼ٵĲš
֪лҺֲ̬߶񽣣һɭɭĽлȥ
籩
лͷһͬľ籩üĴתţʮʹâĻ棬һӾͽ׶С
ʮ𣡡ʱһС
ʮͽɾǾŲıʣͬǿҪ֪ŲܹʥĿֲ
һʮȻµ
ټҺ̬
ǰɣ
Ǣһ˲䣬л͸еڵҲ·ܵĳִ̼ȻһӲӵ粨ţʹͻأĲһ£Ȼһ׵羫ͷų
񽣾Ȼбļ


1754  ʥ֮
ĴѪ˵ʥնƹǰʥ񽣽⿪ʼռı֮ʥˮʥ񽣣ΪԼĸ׼
ҲغԺʹá
ʥˮʥ״ôȻҲһļˮã뷨ǣˮǱõҪ߷ˮҲǺѵãɴ񽣣ɴļһЩѶˡ
û뵽л̥
Һ̬ž޴ĸв渽ŵʮ񽣣еʥˮܵӰ죬׵Ǹеʥ˼Ҫ񽣸߽ˡ
ζû뵽Լ޼᲻ݵ񽣣һӦãȻĿǡ
˵л񽣸ûκοǡ
ƫƫл
ƣ
лȫ߶Һ̬ƴļԼ񱩵Һ̬Ҫһ˺顣
ѽ
Ҳһ˻ȫâʢеȻһ±㽫渽ŵʮˣӰ죬ѸٵˣҺ̬籩ķΧ
籩Ҳ֮ڡ
ٿ꣬ѾЩģƮ룬·ʱữɢȥе񽣸Ǳ仯Ѻ߰ʮϵоɢһЩı֮
еʥˮһ̾ͱȥ
Ľ
ʥ׾Щ֮ںϣʼɢȥǴ󲿷ֻʥ֮ڣ̾ʹ̼ʥײһεѹҲ漤ѸٵɢȻǱƵӡ
һĻлɵôϲ
˵̫ˣĵҺ̬ȷҪ߶Ҳ飬ûһζһЩҵ񽣵ֿȴɿȥʱȻ㣡
лһЦ𣿡
ѵǣڴ߶һ¿ԭɣ񽣵ӰҲǳ޵ġ
԰ɣ
лЦٶȴ߶Һ̬
Ȼ˵ûȴ֪лһǾǡ˲ָ
ʥ츳
ܹлһ˲ָ۷ʱ̣ٶʩչֶΣ̼ﵽ۷״̬
һεľ籩
֮Ҫǿһߵģޱʩչ
뵽ͱٶȳУҺ̬˺ʮ񽣵գڵʥ׾ĸš
һжһݡ
ⲻܣôܷӳͬ꾪е
иģлȻӶ񵶣߶ȫսʩչױһӱ㽫ΧĽɫ˳
ֱնȥ
ͨ켶񵶣ǲʣͬ˺
ǿű籩ĥӶ񽣵ֵ
꣡
Ĳﻹֿܹ񵶵һˣ޷񵶵񵶵ĵҲĨꡣ
Һ̬˺ļҪҲԵֿ̼仯Ϊޡ
׵ɢ
̾ǰεƿ⣬ȴ˵ʧ
ȥǶʥѹҲ֮ʧþΪʥˮΪˮ׼ģֻǷˮԵתĿлĽ׵磬ѹʥףȥʥˮףʥˮ˵Ŀ⣬ȡл׵
ɢѹƣʥȻ
һ׵ֱӺȥ
ѪɫҲܵ޴Ŀ顣
лҪ뿪ģ񽣱飬ԭʼҪ뿪Ĳӣͣ
Ƭ
ͻԭʼı֮ʥˮʥ׾һƹǰʥ񽣵ľ֡
ʥˮȻȥˡ
żذ
ʥ׾ͱ֮ںϣ󲿷ʥ֮УʣµһЩҲʥ֮ڡ
л˼תȻͷų
һףֻͨװˣɾ׶ûС
ܹõʥ׾ͱ֮ͲֻǼӳٶˣɱ˵һͨ²עˣֶһɱģǳ䲻ƼɱС
лȶЩ
ѾҪκʥ׾ԣһԶл߶Щͳͳ͵ڡ
ڿͼģ׵ģȻǼ㹻ģ𹻵ģȴֲܹģЩںϱ֮ʥ׾֮ûκεķ
һӣͼͳͳĻתһЩʥ׾룬ʹԭֻǳ׾׵ʼٵ
ʥ׾࣬վʥ׾
һ㣬ڳ׵׵˵ǶĺöЩʥ׾գ̼ﵽɵĵز࣬ȻҪ뼫֮׵Уɲô׵ġ
ɾףʮսϵҲޡ
ȴű֮
ͬױĶޣǼЩɫأֹݣûжܹ֮ͬǽɫһ㣬ͬµľˣҪ֪֮ɱģҲ񵶳Ϊͨ켶ĸڡ
֮ںʥ׾棬ķ̶ֱܹ˺һзĵزټϴɾף֮ǿȻǵõǳ
лı仯Ҳ˷ܲѡ
ڵʱ̣Σʱܹı仯ôؿɴ벻Ĵ
ʥ׵ı仯л뵽ƺвٵı֮
ϾǱ֮ɲһģǷǳ֮࣬˵ףʥ񽣵Ľⱻնϣ֪ɢٵı֮
лߵʥ׽ǰ
˿̣ʥѾǼ̨ת֮£ɢ൱лĸоʥױʮ֮һɣˣҲ׾ٵģǱʥȻʣʮ֮ŵġ
ǰл̽ͷһʱ۷Źˡ
Ǻһʥڣеı֮ȻڲϵǱоҲ֮ڣ۳һֻ׳Ľ⡣
˽ʥ񽣵Ľ⡣
лĺһӱü
ҪʣһǾоͷıܹġ
⽣أ
Ƿ
Ȿʥ񽣵һأȻԶʥʴƹõҲȻõƹĴͷĴȻͿԴ̼񵶳ʡ
ֻҪ񵶳ʣ͵񵶵㹻лԽܶȼնɱһֶпܵġ
Ͼͨ켶񵶡
Լʣɨɱһе֣ѹһеĳĸ֣ȴͬսʼ޻ΪģܹԼ˼룬Ϊġ
лֱ̽ץһؽ⡣


1755  һɱǧһ
ǽ⾹ȻԶͣлزˣ̽ץȥʥ׶ûκε谭
лɵһץס⡣
ץסһ˲䣬͸оԾ
ǽ⾹ȻǼӲģȻǺûʵһ㣬·һˮˮǱ֮
Ľ⡣
лһ½̳Ϳ⽣ûĳֻͣһ㵭ĺĳĽģӦʥ񽣽еĽϣ֮󣬲ûɢ񽣱ȻȻĻ£յı֮С
ֻҪı֮ٶȱ
⽣⣬л˳˼С
ô
Ǳ֮㹻ͨսʼ뼫Ʒսʼı֮ʹ˷Źлǲá
ˣһ°ɣһ£ʵڲİлĵ
ıչţһĴɾױڵл֮У۳һ
һץѸٵСһ⣬һģлսţûɢ۳κεӣлץ׵ֱǽڡ
ҪӶ㹻ı֮
ؽ
֮ÿһ֣ɱֵģǵõ㹻һǿܵġ
ںϣ
׺ͱ֮Ȼıںϼ󣬱Ͼ֮Ǻʥ׾ںϵģ׸ɵʥ׾ﵽɾģߵںϺȻûʲô鷳顣
ֻǱ֮ʵ̫ࡣ
л΢һо㷢֣ıֱ֮֮࣬ȵɱΪʱ򶼲١
ױϾޣܿﵽ˱͡
׳»عڣ̼䣬ͷ˴仯ԭõĺܲʵ˵ĸоǷâ¶·ʲô춯ص
һЩëƻһѰѷ
лˣҲãһ֣Ȼֵģ׻ԾҲͼŽǹɷâ¶ķ֮
ſΪ䲻ĹɱֶΡ
ʣµĽڰı֮ûļ٣ȻǱŽģĽ⣬лԽ̼񵶳ʣûõġ
Ž⣬л
ȷûκη֮Ž⣬߳;оĵطȻ֣õʥˮȻѾʼŽս۷弶ĵز귽Ҳûʲô
ٶ֮죬ҲǴһ漣ɡ
лɽ߳
棬ͿԼһ˷ܵؿ
˵л̧ͷȥѾټһƬʣƣն
Ȼǰػ֮µʥȷרƵģ˴ãȷǿ⣬ֻϧ˷ҪնɱлȻĻлԸǶлİֻǴ˵Ұֻ̫նɱˡ
л߿գΪ뿪֮ˣһսģû뵽а˹Ȼûκδսļ
ʹ˷
Ȼܵģֻǵĵһֶΰˣ޷ֹ֣ⲫսĿʼ
ֻǿеĸַ
ֻطһߣѾǵּҺͺ¼ҵĸ֣Ž壬ѩ壬ԪҸֵȵȶϹˣƺƵ֮ڣǾӢ
Ǳɣֻвٵ̸ͷųǵħ軹еħƸʤ֡
Ⱥ棬ͬǵдаĸָҲһ࣬ȺĴ֣һߡ
ˮı࣬ȻҲһȺˣ࣬һǧ֮ڡ
ֻһǧȴǸ֣Ϊ׵һУ޽ĸ֣ҲѪлռָڵһĴ̼
ˮ棬׷֮⣬巽³峤־ҶѾ߿գлڰҲѾǻغˡ
лǡ⼸ĵص㡣
ˮԽԽ˰лܣ޵ͷתͻ֣ʣλ
׵ӰȻ塭գ
壬ţ˵ͷ֮һǾͷֱϵѪл
˼峤ƾ㻹ûʸ峤հȻֻ峤ʹλϾʥˮ׵ġ
ǧ˻ʲô𣿡лЦЦĵһӡ
ȷǧˣʱ򣬺Ѹıֵġ
չЦһǧˣ̤ƽˮ
лԣƲƲ죬һ
Ⱥƺл˼ͳͳ赲ֻط˺̵ˣˮ涼ˡ
Ҿ͵仰أ˼񽣴ӣҲ뿴ʲô̶ȣǷ˵ǧ˻һǵĵزȺԣǹЦ
лüëһģһǧ˾Ȼܹǡ
ǣǿңҵŹŽ壬ѩһЩ壬ܹμӴսǧˣϸѡ˸֣ɽɱɾġ
˵⻰ĲˣȺǸа˼峤⻰Ͳ̫ǿջ
ֻǲ񽣴к͡
ȫ뱾峤һ𣬺̵һ£Ǽ壬Ƿͬʱ˼͵ħľ񡣡ȺЦ
Χˮĸַ׷׵ڿն
γӡ
һӥĸ֣Ҳн֮ڣֻط˷ĸԣвӥصˡ
ȺаΪ׵ĸ̷濿£
лΪ㣬аһս飬ҪסŶ˵
лЦһǡ
ǿ׼һǧ˵ֵŻ˵ģǧ񽣴һӵĻᡣ
ȺҪսȥԶԶȥ
ȺЦ㲻ɡ
Ȼ櫸Ǵᣬ񽣴ӾܵķȻֵͬ⣬һ׷ȥˡ
ֻط˼״ҲѧӣӥΪ׵ĽֱԶˮһӸóˡ
ˮĸҲټɵ׷׵
棬ȻˮĸռݾԵƣûһǧ˵ַ
ͬʱҲȻлĽǰ
ϹĻǼʱлЦ
ǵõϢŸġޱ飬˵ʱǾǧ֮ıɽĮǵлҲֻżлһŮ˼ҵӡ
лȻϢʲôϢ㲻ħ𣿻ʴװǲǾӳ֣Ѿ˱ʵı仯Ƿµļ䣿


1756  һɱǧ
һõĿл
ĻڵлôҸʲô
ô֪ʴװõӳֵ֪µļ䣿ѯʵ
ŶҺֿ֮󣬵õһЩУƶϳģҲ֪飬ֻƶϹƶϣûеõ֤֪ǲʵġлûϸ˵ֻǼ򵥵˵һ¡
ŶһƶϵĶȷʴװȷɱħ϶ģû˼͵ħıԴ߶氵ŵһ󷨣Ӷʴװ˾ޱ䣬ƷԣʴװӦܹǼƷսʼĵˣֻǻδıԴܹ֮Ļһļͨ켶ģֻǼʲߣϾװƷ棬Ƿǳľͨ
ˣƾʴװսҲõˡ
лɨһǧ˸֣˿Ѿ壬巽ˣңңԣսһ
˵ŻлĶͨͿˣˮڣûʲô¸ɣʵѰˮڵڼ飬ڼǴ˴ͳߣҲʹͷֱϵѪ
ʴװʵܷӵʲô߶ȣлʵ
˵Ӧܹλһս·硣
лͷǾͺãڰ֣һеͷۣβӦء
Ķͨ޷ҵ֮ˣͬȺһֶεģۿȴܹκ֮˸ġ
ˮ棬ȻһЩˡ
֮˲µģолע⣬ΪȻ޷͸˵ʵ
ҲˣˮǸŮ˽Ұɡŵ˵
лЦż˼ҶǾ͸żˣʥˮ׾ôһСʱ⣬һֵʱأǸװǸѵʱˡһ£˵ţ˵˵ɣħʲôľֵõʲôϢ
ħ棬ǻս죬ֶأȥѰϹıˡ
ħϹأģҵϹأҪǳǿҴоѹģϹؾȻ˼Դػţ֮ǱԴͱʴװˡܼ򵥵˵ţҲûϸ˵ұһ֮ϹеܾڣǸңŷǳԪһأΨдﵽʮս۷徳ܹ֮ʥ֮ˮܹ壬ҼҲĶ͸һЩԵĶҲ뿪ˡ
»ȥʴװоһ£滹µһμ䣬ݺ٣޷ǾôĿģҪɱ壬ʴװһںıԴܹԷĿƣɱ彫Ǻɵ飬Ҳʴװﵽĵز
żģǲӰģֱ𾳽磬û뵽ʱǰȥȥħĿʵǳȥģұ㰵и棬뿴£˵Ѿ˴ǰ񵺣ѾͷĬɱʥˮףȻ뿪ͬģշҪҪ˳㽫˸һ֣ȻֶԸˣƿص׼
򵥵˵лüͷɵý
ˣôֻط˷ǣӥ϶Ƿǳ޵ģǿܳɱġ
ô櫷ģȻҲĶ֡
ЩҪɱˮ
˾ֿܹҲ൱ʧټһ֧֮˼ǧ񽣴ӣвŵĸ֣࣬ȴ˸Σյĸо
лҪ񽣴в
Ǳɱܹ֤ˮȻɱ
һϢɫЩأҵõϢ̷ƺҲоٶһԵħĸֿܻᰵа磬ֹʥˮףûм̣ƺλ櫻ߣԲ֮ǰԼԼ
лߵţܳˣлΪǲϻߺߣǾ⹷ƨ񽣴֡
˵ŻһһؽС
̺ı֮
лսӿһؽ⣬ȻգҪˮȿûһС
ֽ׳
޶
лյķɵַѭط˵޶Զ̹С
һʩչ̷һĺХȥ
Ѿ׼ˣȻл֣Цһ˵лգҲһ¡
񽣳ʣ׳ʮ׿ľ޽ݺݵı˹ȥ
ˢ
񽣻еһ˲䣬ǽ΢һ£̵תһӱ䵽յǰ
أ
ڽսҲȻըǰű֮ıһصĽҲ֮ɢı֮
εı֮
һ̼ͱ׵ĺı֮ûˣҽжû㳹׵군ˡ
ͬı֮Ҳһӽν񽣴Ӷ
ı֮ݺͺһѰѵսʼʮĲϵس֪ЩĸǸʲô
ֻһ£񽣴̼㱻ݻ١
գۼ䣬񽣴ӣȫ
񱩵ı֮ȴûɢ֮ñ֮еģԸԵУǼжб֮ģ˷ʹñ֮õӣû
Ǳ֮Űǽˮݻˡ
л֣ߴһ
ȴǵǰսʽ
˽лɾսʼģҲлʹŰģʱȻûбʹãԶı㵯һӾͷı֮С

ϣı֮һӱ㱻սʽ൱һ֣ͬսʽҲʼɢӾ˵ķâ
ף
л³ȵпˣԺжðôһͷ
Ѿﵽսʼ񽣵ˣٶȽףǽʲô
ͨ켶
Ȼһˡ
һ£ˮˣڳˣҲˡ
ˮϦ𾳽磬Ѿд̼ˣϾ֮³ģ벻ܴӰкܴ
ʥˮˮĹע֣ħǿߡ
ɺãʱսʽȻҲҪףĿͬκ˶Ҫɵۺ죬ͨ켶
ˮ벻֣Ѿˡ


1757  ڼһ
ֻնɱǧ񽣴ӣ˼ӦǿһӵӰ죬սʽǰѾע⣬սʽ׳ɾͨ콣˵񽣴Ǿڻңû⣬ֻ˼ֻ۰ɡ
лû˶Ϊ㡣
еĿⶼսʽϡ
ЩڰֿսʽҲһ˲䣬һ˿𾪣ʶûԼΣ̾ͱлͳͳ
֣
л˴˶һۣҪκεĽ˱ŷǳĬͬʱֹ
񵶣ͬʱ˸â
񵶣л㽵ڵ棬ֱû£ʩչҪдɱ
ʴ񽣣˽ͬǾ죬Ѿﵽ˲ѷɫսʽĵزʴװʤһġ
ֱˮŮԸ֡
һ֣Ҳ˵񾭡
ɱ
һ˻ƾը졣
һӱɱ󲿷ֶǳսʽȥģҪᡣ
񽣣׷Ϊͳȣ´
ػڽظ巽Ϻ̳赲񽣵֡
ɱ¾ҲʹĻ
˻
һ˻ա
Ϳְӥ赲ƺƵĳɱĿһҲսʽ
ԭֻǱ˴˼װǣƵķӥ巽ҲչһɱһҪɾͨ켶񽣣ֵǷ֮ǰһԭֻطֱӽӥĸָΧ񽣡
𣡡
졣
Ϳվڵħͷ֮ϣŽ̵ĸҲɱˣȻĿԶ׼
ͬģȺҲаս
Ǳ˴˵ģԲֻطǱߣռһơ
ټص֣ĻȻʵһս˭ܵõսʽ˭Ҳ޷ֻ֤ܸƾʵˡ
׷Ҳ̵ʼ֮Կ
лһ±Ǳֵһ棬һӵðնɱʮĸ֡
ȻͷˡһЩΪ׵һż֮ĸ֣ҵĸ֡
лǴ͵ϮϮɱ˵ģû뵽˾Ȼǰ죬Ҳ֪ǷлҲȻǰ㿪ˡ
ɱľ㣡лԴǡ
̫࣬뾡ĲĲܹס档
䣬лѾ˵һնɱ
ҸֹһЦ΢΢һΣƮ뿪лһҲûջصնȥһ±㽫Ҹִվϵĸָնɱʮˡ
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лӵն춼ǵ⣬ַԲ׵ľ룬зҸִ˶С
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ͬģҵҲһЩʮս۷弶ĸҲ׷ֳ
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ȻӲ
ϸлıǼȥлͬʱȵϥҲݺݵض˹ȥ
ۣ
лĴǶҸֵظǲܽˣҲܸ費Сƣû뵽ҸֿлٶӲҪֹסҪϸĶһͣлϥǾͶڷҸֵɲˡ
ļһʲô˾Ͳö˵ˡ
ϥɽһһ״ֵʵĵӸϵģҪ˵˵ˣл嶼δֿܹסҲȥ鰡

ҸֵʱһĲҽУѪɲѪɣصĵ棬Բָлģ֮磬ûӳأôɱˡ
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лʼ磬˼طˣ´βˡ
Ҹһ
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лԾţҸֵĿռָͳͳߣ˭ҲѱǷʲôöġ
ûʱ鿴עս
˷ڰ֧лնɱ˷棬ǶӦǶ巽ģѾѹסʣµľ׼ҵѾɱսʽķΧˡ
ˮĸҲȫˡ
ǻ־ҲͳͳĳˣȻǱƵģϵĽһսɱѽѷ֡
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׼Ҹ֣Ⱥһ
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ˮǶţֱǷ׷磬峤³峤־Լϡ
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ÿһ˶սʽ˵Ĵս𲻹ǰͷųǹǿ޷ġ
лĶţĶͨȫٵĿѰǸԵħĸ֡
Ȼ˵ôһˣôȻ䣬ҺܿʵѾʮսʼġ
뽫侾
олҪעˮڣһѰǸˮڼ顣
лûϴӰ߳
лͺһ㣬ʼˮͨصĻѰǿڰĸ֡
ˮʮ飬ȴǺ޷֡
Եħĸַ·ƾʧһ㣬лƲѣɵòɻǲǸûôˣ
ƣĺȴȻһӰ
л˼·̴ϣĿ˸âĶˮڣȻһţٶʩչ
һݱˮ


1758  ڼ
ˮˮΪʥˮ׵Եʣ޷ãػˮֹ˴ˮϦˮĸУкʮ֡
ԵԵʣ֮ˮΨһǴ󲿷ֶˮԼˮеˮӽˮĵزѾǶΨһڡ
л֮Ȼƾճһлû뵽ˡ
Ǿл־Ƽ뻤ӵʮ˳ԱеһλˣлûʲôӡֻԼǵãƺйǻ־Ƽʮ˵У˸оͨһ
Ȼƾճˮڡ
ˮ򣬽ӽ֮ˮĵطγֵģ֪ôػطȻ֣ܳζʲô
лвµˡ
ûʱȥ˼йĸִȥǺǲģʥˮʧܣˮϦȫ⡣
ʥˮףǿڽ׹УвأͿʧܵģϾ׵Ŀֲˮŵȥƻġ
лֱӱˮ
ǹҲ֪ʲôƷȻˮӰ죬ܹǱǻԵġ
л㵲ס˹ĵ·
ǱĹû뵽лȻе΢΢һ㶣漴䱸Ȼðһ档
棡
л棬ɵΪ֮һȻͱյıһģΪһֻ棬һˮԣܹˮڣᷢͻġ
ôģлŹ
νģΪʲôҪ㡣лû˿ļɵЦݡ
Źлˡ
ƾʲô϶ˣģҵѪɲܹͨ͹ʱַ֪ܹġ
ҲǼӵĳˡ
µġл
һ£û뵽Ȼлըʵ顣
Ȼ֮ˣôǸˮʹͷֱϵѪ˷ŽİɣȻˣôǸ˱Ȼˮˡл̷ˮƷʵʵȴǸڼ顣
ڼĴڣ֪Ϊ˰ˮģǶŵùġ
û뵽ǸڼȻ
ء
лùڼݣˮ·һҵĲһγɵֱ˵ء
ڼ鶯ˣ
лɫ΢䣬תҪȥ
ɲжǹѾȥ˫ְڶűٵľۺһ򣬺ݺݵ˹ȥ
ǰлȻת˵һֱײǹĻУǿ͵Ҫһεġ
ϵˣ
ͷ𣬿ƣлǹװ뿪Ȼ䲻⣬ɱģҪȽȻȥֹı仯
Σʱ̣Ȼһ
أ
лһվڹ֮ϣͬնڴһûնɱһˡ
ͬģҲƺһһѪǺɫľװҲ֮鿪һĨɫĹɢǾǵֵлһķ
лȻ֪ʲôȴܶ϶ǾԵĳ
󽫾
һɱģڷûܳɹлͷۣҪҪȥĻȻȥͬӵлƻʥˮĽ׵ġ
һϤĺлΪ֮һϲ
ֻˮϦĵļĸ֮һ뻤ӵӯӯǱĳˡ
󽫾죬죬棬֪ôģǼ֮ˮʲô˸Ƶĳ˺ĲҪ׵ʥˮӯӯٵĵ
ͷɢģϵЩѣǱ
㵲ס˺ܿͻġлԸ
ӯӯ󽫾ġ˵Żֱӳ䵲סȥ·
л״תȥ
ӹӯӯߵʱһĪĲͷлʶı㶯ػ֮⡣
ˢ
أ
ػ֮ո֣һЯűɱһȭصĺػ֮棬ûκεãֱӱ飬ȭͷҲصĴлĺ֮ϡ
ҵʹлȥ
Ǿ壬վ޵ģлһ±ȷǳԽʮսʵѾﵽ𾳽ˣ˵ͻأһᡣ
ۣ
лѪǰȥ󱳶ľˣʧȥ˸оһԵľʹҲ˱ˣѾΪˡ
ҵǰ壬лδüӦЦֲıҲݺݵ
ͬʱл۽ɨӯӯȻչһѩ׵
ʹͷֱϵѪʹ˼ȨˣҲǸˮϦעѪڼ顣
лû뵽Ȼ
ڼĿйܶ࣬ٶˮϦĸΨӯӯĻ٣ΪˮϦ˵ӯӯܹˮˮϦԭ򣬶ΪΪޱȣˮϦҲûôߣǰһЩ飬ˮϦ߷ʱ١
Ϊ٣ŲᱻɣˮϦעѪǿɲһʱ飬Ҫʱߵġ
ͷųʹӯӯҲ˲Ϣɱ
ϵ޷죬лκδϢĻᣬӯӯʵѾλ磬ӵı뺷ֲ

л֪Լ
õǾ籩ֻʱȣǵĳʵ̫ˣ쵽κδϢĻᡣ
ܣΣĵ׺ݵĹҲˡ
ӯӯҲˡ
лǰȻһ٣֮һ㱬ĴɾףǼı֮
ںϱ֮׺ƻһ񽣣ģЯŷһӾͽ˸
ۡ
ٶ죬ҲǵùǱ֮ںϵмʮ£ǱƲʵɨں˴֮ͺΪĸֵһ¾ͽǰһѪۡ
ʹĹҽһ㵹˳ȥ
ͬӯӯǴﵽ𾳽λʵлΪĿ꣬Ϊнǰںϱ֮ĵ⹥һӱƺһ˳ȥ
лҲ֮Ȼ٣ͬʱߺȵӯӯڼ飡
ӯӯһЦлҪˣЩػˮڴˣѹˣѾ漰ǵܴƵģȻĻͷ﷢һУϹˡ
лش½
գۼ䣬㴩Խ֮ˮ·ʥˮ
ʥˮڽҪͷˮϦҲ۾ĳ֣ü֮ˮлġ
лҲǽ׵ʥˮ仯һˮƯţ洫ݳǳǿ
ӯӯ͹Ҳ½ǾȻҲûܵˮڼ֮ˮĹ


1759  һ
ڼ֮ˮ״֮ˮϦͱˣòʱͣЪ𾳽ŷǳĻģǾȴòѡһͣǲļ֮ˮͿʧܣԼʧܣĵʥˮĽףˮϦȻȻͣҪԼʧܣ֤ʥˮĽףҲֻǿʥˮܵı֤˳
ֻǿлǱǰԾˮϦеһ˿ĪʹЩĵĵû°ɡ
û¡л屾޸ǳǿóһƿξƷٵĹȥƿٵȶأжϳûʲôӰɣ
ԡˮϦڳʱ򣬸Ӧʥˮı仯֪ʥˮ׻ܶ鷳ûȫչ״̬ʼձһ˿ѣҲûĽ̾磬ʱԼսġ
лԴϲ
Ǹľϲ
ӣˮڴֶѾӯӯֶ赲ˣӯӯ֪ʮҸֵĴڣҪ򿪳Ҳô׵ġ
ֻԼܹ֤ʥˮİȻס
ˮϦڿ˵׼𼶵ĸ֣Щһֻ̤𾳽ĸֻҪǿһأˮķżذȫһ𼶵ĸ֡
ãĻҾ͸ˡлסˮϦ֣ǣҪҵģҪ򲻵ѣвɶ֣ĻĻγ𾳽ʧܵģ²ĥĺ
ˮϦץԼƣЦ׵ģҰЩָưɡ
ܹһָһаյġлŵĵ
֮ˣǱӯӯڼ͵Ϯġ
Ȼӯӯλ磬лҲ˿£ҲδӳأҺ̬ݣչֳԽսӯӯûϣ
Ҳˣʵʤһӯӯѡ͵ϮǹģռƵ
ˮĻ컪
ˮϦ˫ʮָ裬һӣ׵ļ֮ˮγһˮĻ׷ӯӯ͹档
ܲٿʥˮ𣿡л
ԣĻӰʥˮףûǲҪκʥˮˮϦ˵ܸоõʥˮ׳ɹҲ֮ǰô󡣡
л룬һŲʷ˵У֮ǰǰػ֮ƣɹʻǺܸߵģ֮Բߣǰػ֮һڸѾɱʥˮ׵ļʻӵġ
ˮϦľһ
һʱԽܡ
ڵľƣˮϦҲ֪ʱȣʣʩչˮϵȡм֮ˮľлΧʼˡ
лҲϸĵĸӦš
ˮ֮ƾĳħһ㣬תΧʹؼ֮屾޸лƼÿһӶڷٵĻָУ˵̹
УлսҲЩԾ
ԭˮڣлûҪͷͬӦˮ֮л㽫һ䡣
սǿлսʼձԷ棬˿תΪľԵġ
ľԼԣˮΪӽ
лŴ߶ľԵսˮ֮ںϣȫǱϵľѸٵĻָţڴ˹УսҲںˮ֮ȻһЩ΢
ⷢ֡
ܹ޸ƣܹһЩʵ
лȫת
лˮϦҲظоҲΪлеˣȡˮ֮
еļ֮ˮԾˡ
лļҪ
ҲڿٵĻָУҲһĨˮţҲһ״̬У·ˮΪһƵء
ľҲ
Ҳؿ㡰ˮĻӯӯ͹ˣֶͨδ㿪ˮĻ赲ͬżӯӯڴµ谭ĳ
ʮҸ֣һֻ̤𾳽ģֳȻͬСɵģܹƿģӯӯҲż
ˮĻܵĹԽԽǿңҲԽԽҲʹˮĻвϵɢһƬƬˮ֮ˮ֮лӷٵĻָţԺҲֳаżڣ޵ʱսܹõν̶õġ
ܹõˮ֮սںϣǷҲʱںϣһأ
ǵںϵʥˮˮ֮ǽ׵ļ֮ˮľлĸоƺҲǺܴںϵĻѶȣǷԽսһأ
лűȻա
ˮ֮սȻлŴ߶һ£նķʽٵתڣĻһն

һӰ
̺ŵˮ֮ҲȻʹһĵӰȻը飬ɢˮ費ѡ
лҡҡͷеʧȻٶһΡ
ˮ֮Ծ޷һ߷ȥеıѣҴܣˮ֮վʥˮűʵ
лԣȴҲһõġ
ˮĻһĳѺۣлɴļȡˮ֮ȴﵽͣͣˮ֮еķǳ΢СĲ֣Զսںϡ
ɣֱӳ𾳽磬ĽˣˣҪ֪͵Ϯҵĺлߵ
͵Ϯл൱ˬ
ֻû뵽ӯӯõ𾳽磬ʹͷֱϵѪȻѡ񱰱ɵ͵Ϯ֮ǰ֮ü֮ˮĶջԼģ˵ƾȷ˼㡣
αڡ
ҰɡˮϦ˵֤ʥˮײǹؼǿɽԺı֮һܸоõҺػ֮΢ϵ֣Ϊﵽһ߶ȣؿɷӳ㹻
ңлһˮϦ۵оܻۣ˵ģ˿ȥ޲ҧһڡ
΢죬ˮϦûĵʲôʱˣռұˡ
лһЦ˵Ϧ̫ջˣѾĵزˡ
컬ࡣˮϦ˵ﻹе˿˿ģϾǸŮ˾ԸⱻƯġ
Ȼл˵ˮϦҲټ֣½״̬
лҲ˫Ŀ΢գ·˯һ㡣
ľĵزҲ΢΢Ŀ˲ܹȡһ˿뷨ز˿ǳľУɢֳΪģٵӹȥˮĻʹӯӯ͹ˣҲΪʲô֮ˮˡ


1760  
ӿʼлƣӯӯ͹κƣɵĻȫǼ֮ˮɵȻҲûбл⡣
ۿ䣬һС
лͷ֣˵϶һĹţۿĻ޷۹עܷ֣Ƿǳ΢һΣãÿǵȥ֮ǹαὫǵӶм֮ˮ򲻻𷴻ġ
صĵط
ǴĹΣǲܹǱ֮ˮشġлֹ
ֻǹλأ
лԺпٵתţһͷͷ
֮һ˿Цлݡ
ӣǸڴֵĵطͬһңܹ
ʮ֣ˮʮ֣ʮֳصĺʹ谭һ˿˿ѺۣҪȫ򿪣ҪʱҲЩоǺʮнˮԵģûռ֮ˮˮַҪ֮ˮ򣬺Ѻѵá
Ȼû취α˷ʱأ
ǷɱȥĻȻܹЩԸĸָȫߵģǺʮֵĿֲҲ
֪ͨأ
л۱һҵˮԸ֣۵Ĵ˵Ǵﵽǳĵزܹյñġ
ол˼һ˿˿Ĵݳȥ
л蹥˷ɱСлŽԼ뷨ݳȥϵظš
Ҳ֪ٴΣˮԸֱȻһƽľعľĵز
һ£лϸоľ
˷·ھĳϵһ㡣
лϵظš
ǺˮԸһ֮Ҹֽһ˵ۿ֮ص㣬飬ˮ֣һɱȥ
Σлɵôϲ
۵ĺôҪȥ̽أ˵Ժ۽йء
ɴʮɱȥս£лҲͰˣ˺ɱоսʽһϣסġ
ȫһӯӯͺȵ
΢һͷ˫ֽ棬űţٵںϣΪһ㣬ͬʱ񱩵ĳϣȻǰƳȥ
ѾϡˮĻܵײȻѡ
ˮĻˮϦļ֮ˮγɵģҪ֪֮ˮεȵĿֲܹ˿ٵĻҲʾӯӯ͹ʵεȵĿ¡
ˮĻһ˲Ϣӯӯһѩ׵չ֮ŷѩ׵ĹֱǺԲĽʥˮҪ谭ʥˮĽףһ˲Ϣ˲˼飬лһָоӯӯȻܹ͸ˮĻһУȻܹ׼ǰ׼ء
лһʱסǰһ͡

е
ǿ𶯵л׵ľ롣
Ҳδ˶ʡ
Ǿͷġ
ɱˮӯӯ̺ȵ
Ҳ̵ʱٴȭ𾳽ˮϦǱлȥӪȡ
ˢ
лЦһǰ˳ƺɨ
һĨӲӵĹ⵶㸡ֳ
Ǽױûаչ򹥻һ㣬ͬʱ˵ġ
ױŵΧĽɫ硣
أأ
һȵͬʱأػ΢΢һΣδ˰벽ϵǱǲܼ֮ˮӰĹξҵĲһ˿Ѻۡ
л״һ˿㵡
Ҫ֪⼫ױؼǽɫ棬ɫεȵĿֲ֮׵ģĽɫںεȿֲȻδĹθ飬ֻǳһЩѺۣȻлʩչһУõսǳϡ٣Ҫǽɫ
䶫ˮ
˴ϢĻᣬл׼õսҲ֮ӿȥսŷǳ֮ˮ֮
򣡡ӯӯȵ
ֳͬʱ
ĿֻһǾ˵ԿѹлĹ̶㹻ʣ࣬Ȼشɱл
䡭
˵׺ײ
ԤƵлһֻǵֽ߳ɵʣɵ
ˣҲ̲ס¶֮ɫ
ֵܹλ۷壬ӽλǿˣȻлô࣬ԵĻӯӯʹλֶδаӦġ
˲׼ǿػлͷǱѵĳ䶫ˮȻǧļ֮ˮ֮лػһζҪµıǶˡ
ء
̼䣬˲صĺϡ
֮ػʹ֮
ӯӯͺڶڳ⻷ػȻǿ󵹷ɳȥһӱ˳İ׵ľ롣
ڹѷɫ̫ˡ
ʵԾʮսʵľ磬ֻһֻ̤𾳽ˣϵıոڳ㱻ֱӺ飬ҲǰһƬѪˮѪģϣҼ˿ڣѪ󵹷ɡ
ոշɳȥһף˼֮ˮ
֮ǰĹػ֮ˮûʲôȴͬˣˣޱ֮ˮһ˲佫ĥ
Ƶ磡

лٶޣ񵶣ս߶˵һֱӱɱǵ˵ӯӯ
ͬһ⣬һ
ӯӯ¶Ȼ֮ɫǰһݣŹҲѸٵĻ棬ڽ棬̳

лŵʵĵ档
񱩵Ҽ
񽣱ǿսҲ߷ӯӯʹٶѪҲͬߵķݣһεĵɳȥ
أ
ݺݵײµ谭ˮ
һֱûͣˮʼػļҪѿһײҲʹǷӴˡ
ɱ
лһӵٶվȥ
ƶն
˵ӯӯûл;ۼȫֻ˫սס񵶵ն
أ
ǿȵӯӯˣлͳ̣˾ײǷ棬ֱӽײ顣
лȵӯӯֱߺˣһˮڣǾбŵģҲȵӯӯײ¥һȴ˱˳
˳߰˰׵ʱлȻһ
ӯӯٶѪȥ
Ҷ͵ϮԷһΣ´ιƽһսұɱ㣡ӯӯﻹͣлսϾˣŵ˵ĻᣬѸٵԶȥ
лҪתһ룬Ƿˣ֤սʽǹؼ
һףǿǾͷҪ
һתȥ
Ϳսʽһб֮ܵıȺ׼Ҹ֣Ѿ׷磬峤³峤־Һɱһѷѽ⡣
λˣлȵ
л֮ԣ׷˼̺ˣ櫿л֣ҲѸٵĺˣл֮ԼһԿؽܵԼķɣ󶥼ȴ⣬Ǽͬʱף
лҲ֮ӿʶС
籩


1761  
ǿһɱֶΡ
л֮̽Һ̬ľ֮ȥһ࣬ѸٵתüĴȻ
ʮʹ⻪ʮ
ˮϷһʮʹâ
ȼյʮҲҺ̬ٵתţһƵģأ𶯵˵ľ涼ҵĲ޷ƽ׵Ⱥ׼Ҹָܵ޾ѹȣǱʮѹƵҪ޷ܡ
Һ̬ﵽһ̶ȣתΪʵʰתţ˺ռ䣬γǿ˺һӾͽ߾С
˻
ȳܲסܵƵıһĲҽУϵķ׷׵䣬˷ȥѪɣ׹档
׷һЦһȦЩͳͳռǿǺö
ű׼ҸֺȺͬѪɳȥ
ˢ
˾սԻһŵʱ򣬶Ȼ䣬һӰԿĲ˼ٶȣϽǺһץһ޴ʮ״СƸֳץǽ׵սʽ
׷磬峤³˶ûзӦ̫ˡ
ܾˣԵħĸ£л׼
֮ǰˡ
Ǹոʧľ籩ĵص㣬лӰҲ̽һץ
һʱָ֡
ʱȼţһȦ
ʱֱսʽΧʮ׵ķΧڣҲȻ͵Ϯ֮̽צֵľ޴Ƹˡ
лҲȻ񵶡
ƶն
֮ɢȥһ춯ص˻л߾񵶸׳Ƴʹ˸ţģӵľ
̳֮ڡ
л˱صնȥ
𣡡
һʮ׵ľ룬ն·һѺۣ༸״սĵħǶ޷̺ŵ׷׵ĵ棬ķҲרſƵá
֮ڷתһļĺˮصĳȥ
Ҳŭһ˫ֺһħӭһ

ײ
л΢΢һΣҲ޲Ʈʮ׵ľ룬ƶնȴֵ
ٶȣ
䣬лٶȾʹﵽ˼ޣһԾʮ׵ľ룬Ǹ°㵽˵Ľǰ
ƶն
޶
߼ǶĴںϣ͵һһ̣˵Ул·ʧˣеֻһĨ⣬ܹٵصĵ⡣
Ϊ֮Ȼ
аյֵһʱ׼֮ǰѾһЩָռһϷлȴڻָٶȷųơ
˿̵ĶԾǾȫлֻܷ߰˳ˡ
ֳ

ײ졣
ħǡһһССȱڣǿ˼ҪѪҲٶȵɳȥͬǱȫıǹŶĴرײȥ

һĻ櫶̲סһС
˵ݣԵħĿֲ֣ǵħż侪˵ݵλȻллˡ
ݣ
˻δײ棬һӰƿն
ǵ
Ѿնɱ˼ǰĸ֣׼ᣬʴװԽ˵ļޣɴλ˫ȭץһԺ磬˵ĺ󱳡
ǱУǿǱɵˡ

˿˻һ˵ǿֹ
ۣ
ҲʹڶѪҲסڿУٵһ쭳ȥ

ˣȭͷץ˵ĶˣҼѪۣʹһκͣӴܡ
櫿лһۣҲ
̵ĸѸٵĳ롣
лû׷Եħĸ֣׵սʽӵҪػ񽣽ס
ƴɱаҲ׷׵ͣЪ˵Ⱥ£Ҳߣл״һ£峤³ֱ׷ɱȥҪǡ
ֻطĸֶԾ֣Ҳ׷׵ĳ룬⵽巽룬ֱӸӣ׽ѪƮɢ
л·
־Ļֻھɱͣ־붯֣˧ͲҲƴֻǿǹӵķߺޣŭйֵϡ
ͬɱĲҡ
ǱƵģӵģڶɱˣһеƴɱ
ҲץסԼսʽڽе񽣣ɢķ֮ҲԶսʼ䣬ָǱл֮ǰһشʹȥëĻ𼦰ıĿ⿴Ƿɹֻطˡ
ңУλģûȨ˼ҵġлֻطʼ磬ţ֮ǰΪң뷨ҪŹٺ٣ûô򵥣ԼҾͲˡ
˵Ż뿪ˡ
ֻط˺޵Ҫ˵лǱ֤սʽĵһõϢ˿ٵĸ֪лĻԷǳõģ˵ûãȻص˵ԼΪ飬ⲻǸӵԽܵ
л
ֻط˺̸еģлûȥǣֱӷٵ˻ִսĵط
Щ֮ˣһ˧ƾͻˡлЦе˵
ɣ
Ϲֱ
лɨһۣǳɱĿϹºֱðȻû˵һ仰
лһܱȺ׼Ҹ֣аλĵħˣѾĥӡˡ
־Ǹеŭɱɱɱ
ŭйϣһͷʨɱȺڣ·ɣɱҽ
ƴƣսҲβ
лһжҪҲûм
ϧһսȻûһӵĻᣬô֣ûйУϧˣϧˡ·ӷʧ֮ɫ
սҲˣǱ
Ȼ裬˻ҪѷɫһЩġ
˧ͱ·ӷ翴ŵģԴӱᵽͱŪĻ˹ȥΪֹδѡ
ԺеǻᣬսʥǿҪĸ֣µʱǰġлЦ
·ӷʧЦҲ̫Сˣǰսءһ£һµϵ˧СڵľͷǺѾҸǿаˡ
лȻǰֶΣ
һѣֻϧֻ̫࣬ʣһСֻδȫ·ӷ˵
Ҫһ¡лһ˧ְλûˣ


1762  ˡһ
սĺܿ죬µĿʬ壬Ѫγ˺˷ս֮˼ȫ𣬸ʧҲ൱ĲأǲսٵҲʧһ롣
˴
лˮڣټ½ػ߼ϣҲϵˣսչأϹսͽˣһģ·ĺƵء
ڡ
巽ϴӸӳҲ
󽫾һ²󽫾ָһȷʡ
л룬ĿЩʱȷڱչؿޣҲлʱ䣬ʥˮ׸ѵġ
ԱչǰлԷѾ仯
лݴػ֮λãһ㶼ģŨҵų⣬˵ҲģǿƣĲͬĵλݡ
һڣͺأûл˼
ɴ˿ɼ̬ѾˣǶлϿɣǶԼʱĶλҲ׼ڲýҪɷ̨УնɱлӵļģʶŻ̬ȡ
лͲˣǰֺεȻûеǣӵţ˶Ϊģеˡ
к£˵лĵ
˵ڱչ⵽֮˵ҪֵģΪʲô󽫾Ҫȥһ˧Ȼսȥ˼İοĻ󽫾ֻΪˮǣȥǻֶвȣǲ̫ƽˣ
лȻһЦ֪ˣת־ʻǷҲʱ󽫾
һĻ־޵ȴ˵ʲô
ԭлһŭ֮£˽˧ɱˣʱֱƵ֮˵ϣ־Ҳ޻˵
ɲ˵ɣʵǱƹ
˵Ϲ´
ţлĿͶݹȥĿ͸ű䳹ǵɱ⣬Ϲº׹ߣſϱˡ
лĵǴ½ػߺĲ飬Լ󽫾˲ò죬ݹҲ
Ϲ²ޣɱлɭĿţӲûҿڡ
ΣɵһüĲ˵ϹµԸȻ־ɻ𱬵Ķ࣬ˣ֪лԻѹơ
˵ĻʲôҪ˵ġлŻ־˵˧в𣿡
ǣ
־Ҫ֡
ң˧Ķӣδϣھͱлƿߣֻһ񣬾Ϳ˰н˧ɱģʬ޴档
вȣ־ҧǿű裬ŭʣ˵ĸʹ֡
˵֮󣬻־һĸо
лٶ񵺵һ쿪ʼлɱʵռƵʱļһͷײأǱл㷴֮ûУޱȡ
Ҫҽ𣿡лЦеĵ
̾һ飬ûô׹ˣ˵־ֻһ㣬ǾǶ˧֮⣬ûʲôܹסƫƫлǶһ±ס㡣
費Ҫʲôã׾ˡĵҲڼƽϣɷ̨֮һлб仯ġ
ƺİлЦЦĵ
Ц󽫾ĿԽԽˡ
лûʲô飬Щء
㣬սǰʹ﹥ƵģĲŻ˵ģǷĵš
ƾлۣܹԵĸо
ֻл벻׵ǣΪʲôţλ磿ӵʵֶΣǰҲأлɶ϶ʮս۷弶ľ硣
лʹӯӯʮս۷弶ǿߣսܵħֵսһǿˣһսߣҲûг߳ɵİգٷְٵľţ
ҲڴһսлȻһЦ
ͬţ֮Һ̬ɨɱλֵģء
˶ʮ㡣
лһתǾ˵˵ػ֮ἰĹڣƼ뻤֮ˣƼԱڼ飬ôͽϳְλ
֪ӯӯڼ飬һͨڼ飬ʹֱϵѪ˼峤Це˵
ˮְλʱѾб󽫾棬Ȼ˭Ƽ½ػ߾м֮ˮģɳΪµˮлĵǿѡƼ
ԿЦ
˽Ǣǲ٣յĸҲ׻ΪģˮԵĲûУ٣ϾǶ񵺣ܹ֮߱ˮģ붼룬Ҫ֪˼磬ȴĴ֮⣬ĵطҪ˵һûУǿЩ٣ǧѵһģξУˮֱϦƵģԲܾм֮ˮĸ֣Ҳ͵лݴĻǵǵĿУʱһм֮ˮˣҲǺܼ򵥵ģٲѡ
ڻ־ɫĿ¡
ڼ飬Ѿõ֤ˣΪͬһ뻤ӵ־ɳĸ֣⵽͵Ϯȴһδͳͳɱ
ˮְλôأл־
־Ȼ
ʱ򣬾Ѿ²⵽Ҫд˵飬˧лţҪûʹֱֻ
ãȷҲðҪȥ֮λ
һڣϹµʱŭҪʡ
лɨһۣͣġ
ǻ־¶һ˿ϲɫɵϣȻô˵ˣȻӦ֮ġ
ûǾôˡлڻ֮λ𡣡
ȻҲǾм֮Ĵ½ػ߲ܹΣ֪Ŀǰûˣ󽫾ػ֮󽫾Լˮ֮λҲϾȥֻһ飬ԱӦбݴ֮λ󽫾Σ
׷緭ۣΪݴǱأ
ʵȻ
׷Ʋҿ°ɣǰҺ·һ󽫾һսܱ˵æµˡ
ȵ
ҪˡлֵǴ½ػ˾֮߱ԳΪµĻ


1763  ˡ
۵ˣӻ־Ϲµ˶һ㵡
漴ˢˢĽĿͶл
󽫾ԭ׼ϱת˵ʲôڼǣƼˣȻҪΪµˮӵм֮ˮԴѡ»ʱ򣬱ԴΪݣ󽫾׼һм֮ˣãƣ
ǰȶŭˡ
Ų֮ɷ̨ҲҪʱȴоɷ̨һսžųɵģһҲܳ⣬ʵģûаٷ֮ٵİգδУ͸л㹻ʱƿصԴǾԽӵĲػ֮лˣʤʱػ֮ҸͷȻġ
յǣл˸ӣԼ
ˮ֮λԼΣλ֮λ˱ɲһְ֮λлóһм֮ɣó
ŭ֮£̲סˡ
ΣлҲ¶һ档
ǿӲ̬¶ɱҲû˵ʲôеᵽھ˵ģǷǳϾġ
־סߣҪǿӲ̬Ļվס裬лܱȻ־Ⱥһս
ããǾ͵֮ɷ̨һսɡȻվ𣬡ʱȻȫԸɷ̨ȾѪʬ
˵Ҳл˵Ļᣬ̤ȥ
뿪־ҲվԸȥְλ󽫾˧ɡ
ţи뷨˧ˮݾӣȻ»һЩģ֪λΣл
л㲻Ҫ̫־ŭ
ȫ
ˮǺɱĺʮ֣ʰһڣ̸ϱ
ݴػ֮ȨлĵһԵĻֻǿˣ
־ŭͣ˫ȭ޵ҧгݡ
ϹһȻƺˡ
ʶʱΪܣαִ̫֣뵱߽ƺҲĸԸİɡ׷״֪Լóˡ
־ɫ΢䣬Һ֪ʲô
֪ܶ࣬ܶ࣬ͱ統ƹͨʱҲҷֻͨǺܲң̫Դ󣬱ҽһЩˣҲ֪˻һЩ׷
ʱǷΪ־㵵ĵ
׷ЦȻңˣƹܷҵǿѹҽ£˵ɣȻѾˮû뿪ɱףȻҸ˵֮ɱ˸ǹʲôдʣΪʧȥһڣ⵽شֹ»𣿡
л˸߻һ֮λĻѾڰмǣҸ»ˣţ֮˴սڼ䣬ҵҲ»£ƿ˻˰ɣزȥһ
ȻˣΪʲôһˣ־
ܼ򵥣ŽƹһµĽơл˵ǻ·ӷ˧ڹǺʱֵģܽôƹôַƵˣͿԸ߽ˣƿһĪİ
־һҵʵ飡
лҲԣҲԣԵǣʧܣҲܱסֻгɾͣͣʮսʾ磻ԵĻͨ˧Ѿȷⲻ̫󣬻Ҿ˵Լѡɡ
һƬС
ʮ֮ǻ־һգЩ̱Ŀϡ
Ѿˡ
˻һұ㱻ѺֶνǵֻΪͨˣ˼
ڻ棬ҲлԣŻ־쾫뿪µδ־м϶϶֣Ϸ塢ɹȥһЩϣѾ»ƿء
һжڰлļƻš
»һҲûһʧأʱڣֻϢԲμκս¡
Ŀƣлһ˵Ǿ޴ġ
ԺɴɲϵΪռṩ㹻𣬼֮ʥǷĻԸսȵǿ
Щ֮лٴ档
ڷ׷ķ
վǷԵģǵõʴװҲǽʴװԣз˫ԣսˣҪѡֻǾ磬ڷɻü֮磬ǿʥ磬˵Ļ裬ˣлҲǻʥ磬ʥ֮ʲôϣɵͬ
Ŀǰ˵һµ˶һˣһУΨһловľֻһˣѸǲԵƣһİţڵõ֧֣ҪǿѵģδͷֻҪʵ
֮л档
ζлл
ҵĿǷƽĵ·Ϊǡһ㣬֮ǰлһЩϢʱЩת䡣
ȻһЦлֻˣбҪôнʲôѵһ᲻֪
ĬȻ
һʱ䷴ЩΡ
ãлһȣЦ˵лģܾã˵ллûҪ
ҲҪǺ֮ǰ׷ɱˡ
Ů˶ǼǳġлЦŤͷתƻ⣬ѯʵֻطõʲô
ϷһĨЦ⣬һ㱾Դ֮
лɵһ漴Ц֮ǰñҲǱһ㱾Դֻ֮طҲùģյ׾ͷǳϡٵһ ֣͸̽㣬ֱǿҪΣʣ¶أһᣬƵһ㱾Դ֮׳׵ķϵʮֻ ֮ĵز
ҰĲСҪʧˣһ㱾Դ֮ʱʴװˣײ֪ʲô취ֻط˺ͱӦöǾŲʷȫֵ֧ĳΪͷģͨʴװ棬µרԷĸӦܶ϶ֻ ˵ЩȱܿһڿޣĿǾͷҲˣײϵǿȻԶҪĶࡣлˮ
ⷴлɱǽֻطɱأ


1764  ˡ
նɱֻطˣͷһ֣лԾԾԣڵ˼ͷͷصĵͷеħͷʮһͷǼڱ˴˳İʱڣҲǸԿޣ˵ʱ䣬ѷǵͨͷܱģжܶµ߾磬ʶΪʤȻԼΪͷȡԶʥʤʵ
ôһ˵лնɱֻط˵ͷ
˵֪ıĻлῼ˼緽棬ʥҪߵԿľ棬򣬻磬ħģʥǵС
ȻǵˣҪɱҡС
ҲӦǾŲʷĶ󣬵ʱҾͷˣҲ㽫ɱģһˣŲʷ˱Ȼģ˵ǳıȫĴ֮ǰԲɶԷĴ˵
л
˼仰㲦л˼·ȻŲʷоδͷȡԶʥʤʵôƹԶͨأȻҲˣôⶫ񵺻ˣ
л˼һȻ뵽Ҫɷ̨۹۲⣬ܹȷʵʮս۷弶ûе𾳽ĵزȴ˵ţǷйأ
ƾܹƸ߼֮ף֪˵츳Ǳǳˣѷɫκ˵ģƹҪѡͷѡҲȻпġ
һˣôҲпȱģڿޣĻһƱؽҪûԼһԾλ磬ƹֵ֧ʲô֮װսƱرҲͿˡ
ʲôлȻ񣬷ڿ飬ǰһ¡
лѹץס֣Цûʲô뽫¸˵ȥֻͽԼ˵ĵǣ˵룬Ҫһ㱾Դ֮ǲʴװйء
л֣ƺˣûѳἰһ㱾Դ֮Щ˷ܵĵʴװڲµһЩӦǰֶͨΣʵǿдﵽ𾳽ʱµģԷǳǿ֮ǰ깦ħµеϵ˲ʴװģѾԽ֮ǰʮֻҵܵƣǷԣ޷֮ϣڵѪתΪķѪܹӳһһЩ˵ģʴװҪһױԴ֮𣬷ܴﵽǿұ˵ķѪҲͨʴװϵﵽһ̶֮Ѫʴװǻֵ֧ģܹﵽˣͨλ磬Ҳɽʴװͷ֡
һۣлǰһػ֮ѵһĿ⣬ֻϧ˻ʣʣϹʥʵӵĿƣŻ˱ܵĸղɱ
ĻҲķĪһᡣ
ˣл⵽ļӺͿܵĿƸ
һܹʥ۷ģ˵
л΢΢һЦҲᰲοˣ漴չȥҵ԰ǿһٱ飬ɣİ
ȥɽ׺ݵ˳ȥ
лɵĶ㿪˳һЦ뿪ˡ
лȥıӰеҲǹ̷죬޺޵ĵǸ𣿡
뿪л׼عޡ
Ȼµƹĺ֣͸лоΣˡ
ݣ˵Ʊؽ򼫶ˣץסɷ̨ϽлնɱŸģҲΨˣܹƣƹԶͨǵжԵģ򻮷򣬱˴˶ģԸںԶͨǷҪ֤лİȫ֮˵
ʶһ֡
ͬģҪȵһ£Ĩţժ⻷ȻһģϾһƿؿԶǻԻһƿܱȵġ
лȻҪӿˡ
ھ֮ǰﵽʮս۷徳磬İվ͸ˡ
ΪˣǷð֮ʱѹԺ󣬵ȵ֮
عˮδлͱ峤˲øסˡ
峤£л峤˲þȣ洺磬Ц峤Ѿײڼɡ
ܹ֮ǰսУǰսѾ̬ˡ
ԾǺ˲ǸѶϵˣлҲǿɽܣֻǶٻǶԼЩĵǡ
һѶϵڴսУĿʼ
лٵĳƺˣѾ̫ϳϣ峤ˡ˲Ц
ţлһ㡣
峤ˣȻ˷ܡ
˷ܿǷĵģαװġ
л¡ؽ峤˲ЦлһĿԺҲ֪ԼĸԣѶϣ˵㣬ûԷε飬ҲҶԼƿδЩģǡ峤õȫ֧֣й൱һʱͳһ̻ľ˵Ҹʤˣλ峤ʥǹϵ֮УҲҲٵлٻ֮ǰһЩʧ󣬴Ӷġ
л峤ʥǹϵУ
˲գգۣлϵǳǳһ㡣
͸лˡ
˵䲽Ժڣֱá
лͿһϤӰվڣţǽϹŵһɽˮ
ںڵ㷢ֱʣݵ˫磬ϸ̵Σ޳˫ȣǱӰΪ֮㵹ġ
ŮҲӦתлĿԡ
϶лϲ
磡
ν峤Ȼ϶
˲ڵ˰ڰ֣ǶȻ뿪ˣֻÿ˵϶һĨЦ⡣
磡
뿪϶һлĻУر޲лڡ
ԴӶʹʥĹУаµĿռڣ϶̬֮ʵûʲôҲûʲô׽ľٶл̫࣬Ϊûʱ˼ģ϶Լʵ̫ﲻæǿʼտ׷ϣڴлԼĴ̫ࡣ
һ±϶ԭת˼Ȧ
л϶ĹΣҲࡣ
лע⵽˶Ѿ뿪ˡ
ҲһΣȻΪ϶˴˹۲ģɼ϶Ϊ峤ôľϲо϶лУŶôҪĵλ
϶˵˵ôΪ峤ģл϶ԼĻУ


1765  峤϶һ
϶лĻУ˫ֻлĲ΢΢Щ̣ǵһ˺лء
ͨԶͨͬԶͨʥΣԽռмⶼ͸ˡ϶˵΢΢ͷЩĵ϶ڿǰ˽սŶ
ҵ϶ˡлһ϶βһ£Ц˵
ܹ˶ݵʱڣȵ漣ˡ
϶Ťһ£ȻɷлܵľٶЩߣЩĽ֮ǰ̬ĴȣǺܴġ
ǲǸøлͨأ϶
лͨ
лʶľ뵽ͨʵԶͨµһظɳģԶͨĹϵͬӣ϶εݣȻ뵽϶һ֧һ̻ᣬмġ
ֻǺҵ棬𽥵ĽתƵģǻۿǷǳ֮ߵġ
Ȼлͨô򵥡
˵£лɻĵ
ţ
϶˵ͷ
л뷨е㣬ţǺܴ󵨰
Ǻܴ󵨣˵Զͨʥڰһܸߵڼ𣬵ڻûڳΪʲô߰һڼء϶˵
뷨ǺܺãѶ̫󣬼ɡл
£ͨͺһЦ
ͨԶͨһɾ͵ģͬԶͨĶӣ壬ֶͨͨΣܹͨͬΪԼ壬οܳɹ
Ҳֻͻ룬Ͼͨɾ͵ģܳΪ峤ҲĹͣҾͺһ£̽Ҳһֹ̽óĽǣУ϶˵
ŶôлȻ
϶ռǲģ
л۱һĨ⣬
ԣһֱƣȻпռ磬Ϊʲô˻ʣʺϹʥʽô꣬Ӧ֪ٸ˰ɣ޷ǳͷ𣬿Ҳڷ˼磬\Ԩһѩõ϶ϸĽ˵£˵֣֪̽ռ粻ȱһ
Դ֮лԺһѿڶ
϶ͷǱԴ֮
лˣˣ˼ԼıԴ֮Ϊһ磬Լ鱾Դ֮ħǵıԴ֮ÿһֱԴ֮άƽ⣬ȹ̣ڵĸռȱ˱Դܹ֮ʱṩȫ淢չĻᣬȵĳֳ磬ͨ쾳ĸ֣ûбԴ֮İͻ޷Ӷġ
ֹݺ˵о˵ֻҪһͨ켶ֵͿģΨбԴ֮ÿռĹ϶˵ҪбԴֻ֮棬ͨṩ
ǣлü
϶ǵģνԴ֮ʵԴȪռڱһɽˮλ˵ͨΪ˻飬Ȼкṩɽ飬ˮṩˮ飬۱Դ֮ˡ
лסˣʲô飬ɽ飬ˮ飿
Ҳ㲻̫µһЩܹһַţݺ˵ַԶʥù֪ô˵õġ϶˵
Զʥùһַлĵ뵽һܣҲûк϶֣̽˵Ȼԣã˵Ļ⣬һͨܲͶǣڶΪʲôѡΪ飬Ǹڼ֪
һ˼·϶ЩǶˣȾͨǷͶǣһ㣬뵣ģͨһΪ飬ǾԼˣ궼ռںϣ̳Դ䱾ػ²֮ǵģǿռ̺˻ʣʵ˶ĸ⣬׵ķԶͨĹϵȻҪǣһɾ飬һжΪԼˣǱλƿصģҪԶͨڼ鶼ǲܣֻһ㣬ǲģǻǾܵĲһ̡
ǺˣǸˣлȥĶ϶еĺˡ
϶ſлСֹһ䡣
Ŷԭ϶δŰл٩䣬ĸǲнͨΪĴ㣿
ǵģһ䣬˵ͨԶͨ˼ؼְģм⣬෽壬ҲͨûܵԶͨӰ죬ܹġ϶˵ΪԭΪĻЩ彫ͷڿռڣʱʥǵҲеõĪĺô
лͷ⵹ĸֱʡ
ҪڹͨҪԶͨͨռİǸԶͨһߡ
νǴֱʡ
ʥڵǸԶͨڼ飬Ҳ֪ģͨΪ飬ʲô󣬲ᱻ˷ģֻҪ뿪ʹʥռ磬ǾͻΪΪ飬Щ飬ѾˣҲѾĽռ磬δԵɣˣһжѾ׵϶Ц
лҲ̾
Դ񵺣ʥǷûô֣ʥҲǿʼˡ
飬ǻ򰵵ĳõسɹ
϶л˵ֻ߲ļ˲֪顣
Դ֪صͷĴԶͨŵڼʥǵĸ߲㣬Ĳ㿪ʼͿʼϡ
ܹµĺĲģһ࣬϶Ҳδܼ룬ֻҪЩϢлˡ
ЩϢҲǸʾʥǵĸԡ
˵ʥѾʼȲˡ
ֻҪоͷܹ򣬴Ӷ࿹⣬Ҳ˵лȫޣճɾ;ͷʥܷ񳤴߳ȥĹؼһ
Щ϶Ц벻֪϶γΪ峤𣿡
Ȼ֪ˡл֪ʥǵһоٶ֮󣬸оͷĵȻˣȵ궫񵺵飬Ŀ԰ˣȻҲͺöˡ
ʱܣ϶ȥһõطкܴŶ϶Ц
˵ţл뿪
ָͨǱ뿪ˮܿһɽȴ
ⲻפ𣿡л
϶ͷӦһԣʲô֡
лȻһۡ
ľﵽĵزҲ΢رֻ΢Ӧ㷢֣ԵԪĳ棬ԣɽڴ֮£ƺ·֮ġ
ţƺЩȱȫļ֮лɵĵ
ڵأҲ϶˵
лԭˣѹֻǿҵֻǿϧˣݻˡ
϶ЦݻˣûлٵǽʱԵľͷǺûбٵҲûбߣԾɱصһħţԴ˵ȻµֻҪȽһħȡˡ


1766  峤϶
϶ĻлҲ˼Ц˵ҽǵħȡ
϶ͷǰħ̫ƻˣƺʲôֶΣȻռЩͷǺʵҲǿĿ£ǿļ֣Խǵص
Ҫôл
ʹȥĻ´һЩˣҲδػʤģΪǵħѾܹ򵥿һ߾ͷǺսڵԵֿܹĻԽճ϶˵
ЦҡҡͷлѾϣ޷ٴν伤ˣԡ˵һħ⣿ܹ̼귢һЩã
϶ǰǿ֣ûܽΣҲˣܹ깥ûлָļ󡣡
ǱȻǰһػ֮ΪĿǾȡľʹʥˮ׳Ϊˮġл˵ֻҵڶħãҲ޴ӳ֡
ֻҪˣԼİ취ģʱİؿġ϶лһɽǱﰲҲ˿ġлĻУҪɹŶħֵĻҵİǷǳ֮ġ
лʲô
϶ļǽ޷սǿȴͻĸִﵽһز֮󣬾ͻᱩ¶㣬ֻԶȻԺ˲õ񹭣ܵУĽսȴ̫ҵõħ꣬ɽͨİ壬ޡ
ţΪ峤ҲȨĶһ֮ˡлЦ˵
е֮ǰ峤ɴΪչģҵõļУλ峤ļ⣬ǵļ⣬ںΪҶصļ⣬ҵһԭ򣬻оǺұһ峤һ꣬ǴϹؾڷֵģ˵һ峤ǾǾҲųΪ峤ģҪ׳󣬳ͨ켶ҪͷĻǵЩ⻹޷ﵽҪڡ϶ԼܹΪ峤ԭ
лҲΪʲôλͣǽ峤֮λø϶ôһˣȻ˷ܵԭˡ
˵϶ܹ壬֮õ飬϶룬ǶҪȥȥģΨ϶׳ȥǽƣȻܹǿʢ˥Ĺؼڡ
ˣҾרˣлЦ
϶϶ú˵˵㻹ҪҲֻòˡ
ӵ⣬Ȼл϶ƻҪʵǸ߷塣
ɣ϶ΪԼԭô޷Ӱ϶ᰴסлƣȵԵġ
л綼Ȳˡ
϶ĵס
϶˵ģлһʱҲ԰
Сʱ֮лԼİľ𣬳׵Ľǹž޲״̬
˵صԪлǷǳġ
ûãлͬһԪĺڶţٵԼս
Ҫʮս۷徳硣
ֻҪﵽлܹҺ̬ҲȵǿսҲгɱսؿɼġ
ǿܵĺ֣ȻԼὫóɹ
϶ЩԵĿлģʱɵЦʱۣʱ˼ҲȴһС
֪Ул۱㿪ˡ
ⲻΪ֮ڽչ״̬֮ȻȻһҲһ۵
Ȼлǲ֪һֻǾãÿαչ֮һ˿˿ˣԶԡ
νۣһ츳Ҳﵽһ̶ȵı֡
ۿУлԾɶΣŷǳĸ֪ܹĺпһС
أлǼһоģҲֳһ˿֮ڡ
ʱͬһ㡣
ڳ״̬УȫԪϵǿԼȴ飬ͬһ˶㡣
͸ۣлܹɽڵͬҲܿԪ·˽ɫڷţˡ
Ҳ״̬϶лһ뵽ˣµ֮浽׻ʲôء
л۱Ѹٵ
Ŀǵ¡
˵رһҲͶʧˣ˳ԪŨصķһ·̽ȥܿ㿴һ
֮£ɢһЩ֮
Ǽ֮ҲûȫʧȻһСֱɢڵ¼ǧ׵ĵطе
£лͿһЩеļ֮ȻٵĿ
һСĵ¿ռ䡣
Ÿֵãƽ߹Ǻģֻһƺ׵ĸ߶ȣ·ĹǺ
߹Ǻ꣬ԾɾӨ͸ɢŵı⡣
ƾ۳ĸ֪лϱо߹Ǻ̺ŵľ·ǵĹ
лҲһͷǶȡǺ
ԵģǺŷǳİܹٶȣܹʣĵزõһմﵽɾ磬Ŀͷˡ
𣡡
Ȼһͳ޺
߹Ǻ·ȻһĲһ޴ħ¶
ʲôˣ߹Ǻע⣡ħŭ
л̾һ۵һ㣬Ҳ̫ԭ򣬾Ϊˣױģֻܿ̽ʵѷɫԼ˵˼
뵽Լ۸һǧ׵ľ룬뷨ݸҸֵḶ́лۺħ޽һ£Ƿˡ
о˵˭Ϊΰռ߹Ǻ
ħȻӵ¶ȫꡣ
еħȴвͬ꣬ҲǾӢͬɫģֻǶͷнɫͼƣ䳤л֪һħ޺ơ
ħл䱸ĺ
лҲȻǰֻǷǳѵĲܹͺҸͨ˵ģξȻܹħס
Ͽ֪Ҳһ꣬ҪȡǺħĺвϡ
ꣿ
лʱ׹۴˵ѣǶ˵ȴûʲôƵġ
Ҳ˵һ֡
뵽˵ʱƺǿռԵúǺлֹѵһ
ǲܣֻۣһ˵ЩͷǣҲֻ˵δѱеһ
ɲΣܹйͨлҪġ


1767  աһ

֪࣬࣬Ҹоα޳յϢһıҹ
ŭĽϵشħз

ħл̾һµˣ˼ά൱Ӱ죬Ȼ˷꣬ٿħޣΪﵽսʼ֮Ƕǽƻƺģħꡣ
лҲܵԼƺܵһĴ̼ɢĽɫΣ͸۴
Що˵ģܲʵġ
лԱݣ޷˵ԼȴܹԵĸоˡ
ƺ˴ศɵġ
Ȼûκεų⣬Խ䴫ȥ
лȷܹ֣֮Ȼԭ򣬶ĳ֣ҲӦһַõֶΡ
սڣ޷ӳǷսõġ
սױȵҪ뷢ӳͱˡ
˵˶˵֮󣬾ͽʧȥãֻܹ꣬ûʲôˣҲֻһЩ˵ûеõ֤ǺҵλõˣҲûпۣʶ֪ܹءлֹиеֻҪоȥһһЩġ
Ŀǰֻۺ˽̫٣֪̫٣ԻûŪʹðˡ
ɴлҲ۲ŨȤ
һҪʱоۺĹϵ

л˼ۺʱħҲѾĵز񱩵˻ѡ
˾ǹǺϵɢ̼ĸ֮쳣ĻԾԪҲ˱쳣ŨҼٵĻԾţлȻǰġ
лΣҲǸеЦ֪ǲǸлл
ǽʥްɡлڵ
ħȻͣ˭ô֪ҵݡ
Ȼлõ𰸣ҲЩľȣʥޣͫ񻢺ͽħᣬħһħˣֻǴ˵вŴڵģû뵽ȴĿˣѵãѵá
ͫ񻢣ܹѪӡ֮£ԳսʾģǱ֮ǿ֪һƣ³ͨ켶ͨ켶ĳ߾綼ʲôģǿħޡ
ħųƻħзһ亱̶ȣȳͫ񻢻ҪϡУţħͷħ֮һ
ֻǿµѪ֪ʲôز
Ǹɳɾ;ͷ̫ģǰỹһܷɳ
ͬʥǵл裬̣ȵȣǱ˧ʹӯӯ櫵ȵȣҲΪͷģҪΪͷҪȹǧѹأ˭ʱȥ
ǱܷΪͷȫ£ֻ˵߱ˡ
У߱Ĳ֪ж٣Ҳ֪жˣɾ͵ģĿǰΪֹ֪Ľʮһ
˭ǲǵ꽫ڰǸ쵰ͬʥ޻ŭ
лȻڣǱǿдڰģ˭˭˵
ʥ޻Ĳǻ쵰ͬ
ȻǣбҪǵĻҪôϻ𣬻ҪȷǷʥޣлߵ
ߣ㲻ǣҲʲôöȻ߹Ǻġʥ޻Ц
лĵҶ߹ǺЩ뷨ȻģٶЩɢʧγڸȤǣ˭ڰġ
ʥ޻ΪʲôҪ㡣
ңҿɰ޸귽⡣л
޸귽ƣʥ޻Щ⶯Ȼ꣬ҲԼ˵ԭ򣬾ʼ޷
ϻǺŵģл߶͸ۣĽɫĹʥ޻ꡣ
̺ĽɫθƬռ䣬ǽʥ޻ǶܵĻֻ뿪˵أô޷ػǺˣҲǵıƣ޷ͷųĽɫʲôƻջǽϡ
ʥ޻ʱ͸о˱仯
Ŀ԰޸ꡣʥ޻꾪е
лȻʵشҵ⣬Ҳܰ㡣
ûʲôҪģֻǻش𼸸⣬ܰ޸ꣿΪʲôôİңʥ޻ʾ˻ɡ
򵥣ܹ֮󣬸Ǻ棬ȻҲħޣô̳еľǽħԣԣػģҲҪǵͬġл˵
ʥ޻Цǳ˵ΰɣǸܣĸԴ߹ǺǣƾʲôҪ
лºЦͦģǸɴƭһƭɡ
ҲǱһ͵Ϯڰģȴ˭ֵģֻ֪͵Ϯҵ϶ǵ֪Ҫֹģƺŷǳвл˼һûͷûβĻԣȴԼĵԸʥ޻ٶȳ֣ͬоԶԸ֡
˵Ŀģʥ޻
ȻһЦл㲻֪һѵ˵˭ܹĳϡ
ʥ޻ЩˣȻǹͬĵˣҲ޷ǿаȥԶͨ
лѿڽе
ߣ˭ֶΣȡҵ꣬𣬼棬һȫµħ꣬ռҵӶ׳ձɳΪƵʥ޻ҧгݵĵ
лԣһ
£ʵ̫ˡ
ȡ֮ȻԶͨǾԴģά֣Ҳܹ⡣
תһµ꣬ռ壬׳ɳܹǿеôֶһ֧ԼǿĻԶͨǷͨ취ֲܽأ
һлеġ
Ǿʥڼ顣
ڼǷҲǱʥĺĲ㣬Զͨǿгȡ꣬һ꣬˲Էֵأ
ĻҪڳڼ飬Լ¶򼸺ûκεĿܡ
ʥڼ龾Ǹ⡣
лĵģȻܹѵʥֻôһڼ𣿴±봫ݸʥǷ棬Ǵ귽֣ڼ顣
л֪Զͨģ֪ƺǰػ֮һЩ


1768  ա
Ļл֪һ㣬Ҳһ㣬Ĳںǰػ֮йҲһֲ²⣬ΪʥˮܹףƺǾȡһЩûкľŲʷһ飬ҲǿԽ׵ģֻʱ
ıȷػ֮йҰ̫أ˵ѬģΪĿģֶΣ֮ǰͳ⣬ȫ޸ֻΪԼĿģȻѡȡľıǿ䱣룬Զ֣ͨױģʱԶͨҲҵĴڣȥҵĹ죬ܹ߾ͷǺѾĥˡʥ޻ҧгݵĵгɣɱԶͨ
лгɣҪſܣûͨ쾳磿
ŭĽʥ޻ʱˡ
ͨ켶ͬޣܹﵽģȻνΪڳĽϣ˵ףֻųɳˣԹףؼ
ҿ޸꣬Ȼ㷽Ѱ߶Լ塣лٶͷųջ
𼸺ǽʥ޻Ը
ܰңʥ޻
ܲܣҲܹˣ֣⣬ʲô⡣лȻ
ⷽ棬ȷж֮
ʥ޻㲻ƽ޹ʵľԸҰɡ
ȻܡлҲ֪ôŵģѸٵ˼ŵӵ¸ճ
ֻҪ֣ʣµľˡ
߹ǺҲٶͷųҲ
˵ɣʲôʥ޻ìܣڴл˵ܼѵ⣬Ϊ˽ף˵̫ѵģԼ޷ɡ
лͰסˣһ⣬ǣΪεԶͨûж߹Ǻ
߹ǺӦͨ켶µģԶͨ򣬸ԷӳԽٵ޷ߣͨ켶ҲŪˣӦ˻ʰϹʥµġʥ޻˵
ͣл⡣
ҲΨ˲ſԶͨڵĹǺûгֵģڣƹҲûܽǺߣһĵ
һұõһ߹Ǻ޸꣬ԺΪУ㾭ļ䴫ݸҡл
ʥ޻ã˵ãͬ⣬Ϊ˱֤Ҷ˵ǩԼ
лЦȻ
ӵԼԼģκ˶Գֹ֡
£ƶһԼ
νԼֽͨдô򵥣귽ԼȻʥ޻ⷽһо
Լɡ
ʥ޻¶ͻӡ
ȫֵĻ϶ǲͬģɣȽ׵һ㣬ԶͨǶμ͸ҡл˵
һ£ʥ޻Ҳûʲô⡣
Ͼʥ޻꿴õһ߹Ǻл뷨
ͬˡ
ֱӽǶμ佻л
õμ䣬л˵ӵ³ɣҰ޸꣬ڵر޷Ǳ޸̫꣬ˡ
㲻Ҳɡʥ޻
ҪǺ¾աл¶ͷ̬ȣǹֹǿЦ㵨ûУǽʥޣϣΪͷħޡ
ʥ޻ֹ꣬˴ѹַŭһӱ˳ϳȥ
ɻһڹ
ܴ꣬ӰģοԾͷǺɾл
ܿ죬ðء
һ֣׼õ̷
ʥ޷ŭĺֱӱлˣҪսʥ޻ġ
û߹ǺУֵܿġ
ҪʲôҲùνԼǩлûȴˣû˵ʲô˲öԽʥ޻궯֣ҲлһΡ
˵лĵǶμ䡣
Զܹͨǿаһʥ޵꣬ģͨμ䣬ɷеİҳ԰취Ӷƽġ
ΪлҲͣ
Ҳ֣սõ൱仹ûпʮս۷弶ҲǴֿɼˣֻһʱˡ
лҲٵġ
ָһлָ㸡һˮĹţǽʥ޻һμ䡣
ǺˮĹ棬һЩ档
ľ
Ľʥ޻ڵʱſļ֮׵ƺǽʥһֽ׵ļ֮
ʻʥƣ״̬ƺǳۣڴڵĴŴٵͨǽ׵ļָ֮Լ
лͶݽȥ
ҲŽͶͽȥȥ侳ĸоһУлͬԽʱƣǰҲ·ܵ
л͸۽μʱ򣬺Ȼձһǿ˺ѿƣĽʥ޵ľ֣Ӧһɿ񱩵㱬һ¾ͽʥ޴ڵء
ԶͨҲֳ
Ϳһֲ֦̽棬һ㣬ǽʥޡ
һҲ洫ݳ
лȥӦ
ҪģʥҲڷʵܴվܵƵԶͨҲܷӶģԻһԿʱ䣬лоġ
ſܣлͷ֣Զͨ洫һеĺȻǿռһ¾ͽʥ޵ҽȻһͬϤݳ
ʱ
ʱǽʥ޵ꡣ
ȻǿռʱϵһȫµֱڣȻһʥ޵㱻ȥͬʱҲųտٳͨڡ
Ҳʧ
л۾ٶһлָ糣
ʱͿռںϣлĵ
ʱͿռлְ壬һоǿռǴﵽؿռӺһĵزȻԿռʶġ
ʱҪѷɫһЩҲ̫
ְĽϣģлԺвϵظԶͨʩչʥ޻Ĺ̡
һᡣ
ĺ򲻶ϵ˶ʱͿռһЩ⣬֪䣬Ҳ֮Ҳ֮˴ڣϣһȫµԶֶͨΡ


1769  һ
սʥ޻л˴פص񣬼ǰ壬Ҳǰ϶ǶʥǵһǱڰ
ˮĴ㲻Ŵɵʥʥ磬ʥףʥˮĵѾûܹڼǰٵݻˣǸʱûжʥ֮ػģôһʥ޻в·һͿתռ磬ٶһϵأʥǵȻǰġ
оĴֻҪʥǵƣͿԴԴϵΪռ㹻֧֣˵ǿռʥǸȫĻ
ί˽ʥ޻꣬Ҹʥǡ
лҲֻܶԽʥ޻˵Բˡ
ǽʥ޻һοϡٵļУԶֶͨΣ׵ķֽ⿪֮Լȫ¶лķ۵ĹϵҲҵʩչõķʽ
ͨʩչ
νһϣʧȥãҲǼٵģֻһ˵Ϊģݺǧ꣬޼ڴ˻ϻܿߣǾ޽УԱ϶һںϣʧȥá
лȴͬ
ۣҲһЩ۷õķȻǳԣۿҲûȻĵزѾлָһ·귽ģǾԽӳġ
˿̣۳һ˿˿ʱ䣬ռųֲİںлĺγһԺҲڷٵתţ͸Զַͨ۳Լ
ࣣ
Ҳ֪˶ãлоͬӵĺͬһСʯӣĲƣսҲĺڵڣѸٵĻ֮ϡ
㣡
лֶŵһץһε
źһֻ޴̽һ㣬Ȼܴص谭ֱ£һץסںһ֮еһһ
Ǽ֮ȻɵĴӵȡ
֮˴ϵһҲ޷ӣûвá
Ȼлܵǣĺƣ˵ľȵļ󣬿лȴû˶ʧԾɿš
ܹȡȻɵǱΪԼҲǿȡǾͽɡлĵ֪ļ֮Ǳߣ㻹ܼҪľϲźá
İлҲܡ
뵽ȻǴԶͨԿ֮һİ꼼ܷоԼֶΣ͸˷ܣҪֶζԸԶͨгһգԸԶͨǲ˷ء
ɴлҲеԼսõһ̶ȵǿ
νһ̶ȣǿȻɵ֣֮ȫʧȥӶսûûп֮ˡ
ɲô˵Ĵڣһ޴
ž
лվһء
ٿȻǱֱǧҵλãǽӽ߾ͷǺĵطȻ˫չ߶
ʩչǰ۱뿪
ۿ͸ۣںʱͿռ壬ս˱ɴ߶
㣡
лͺһ˫·תһץ
ɢڴ˷Щ֮׷׵ܵǿȡ˷ٵĻ۹
ر֮ϣλڴ˵صֵһʱоˣԵԪȻʹԪŨȴﵽһַǳĵزµǣŨЩԵ̲סһľϲžҪȥ
ڱѹƵĽʥ޻Ƿŭ˻
ϵл
ֳʧȥ߾ͷẠ̊́Ҳֻ־ܣ϶ҲʼʩչһֶΣʼƿؽʥ޻ꡣ
ʱ˿̵ȫתˡ
ı仯Ҳͬע⣬Դ˵ظעķ񹬷棬ֻط˺͹Ž峤վڹˣңŴ˵ء
ˡŽ峤ŤͷԶ
ֻط΢΢һſȥȻɫƮɶЩȻɨһ۹Ž峤壬ȻܹһʾŽ峤ʵƺгԽһˡ
ˣʲô𣿡ֻط˿ڵ
ȡӦҸҵĶ
δֻط˫ĿȻһĨ⣬ôԼ֮ľûˣ
ЦûκҪɱ̫ѣ߱
ûɱѵͲԶֻ֣ͨط˳
ЦƹҲǳصģʥ֮£Ҳûʤ㣬οƿȻ
ֻطԣĬˡ
ˣ
ŲԶͨ˵ϵĺߣԶָͨƽ֮ǰ˺лҽ㣬ô˽лɱˣƱػҵġֻطһ˿ǡ
ˣҲ㡣ĵȴܲΪȻŲʷ˺ԶͨҲֻʱģվУƾֻط˵ݣΥˣУѾֻط˿ˣңԶͨѯʣ˵л֮ǰѾ͸ˣҲûκ㣬οŲʷҲֵÿл֮ɣϾŲʷ˵ľŲʮǱлƻģǷϵһʥˮףʥˮˮѾ赲һ棬Զͨεġ
ֻط˵Ҳգұ㽫͸㣬֪дмɰջɱлѵãǴºлˡ
Ȼʮɣ
ʮɣ˰ɣֻط˷Щˡ
ҽޱĳս
ֻطԣЦˣɱлȷɴʮɣ˵䣬һתƮǹڣĶɡ
ͬȥ
ΨйŽ峤ûжķЩʧĵϣлҪô죬һս鿴лȫã˼Ͷפأ˼ô¡
ȴ֪ڷž˵ı仯ʼٸ߾л
û֪лľ
޾ڴصʵأվڵǧ׵ĵط·Զ߾ͷǺЩɢʧϵ׷׵ľ£лΪģѸٵ̬ͣΪԵлȻҲõİսٵתȫš


1770  
٣ʱҲ֮ҲϾ֮ʱʥڵУϾǿ߾ͷǺΪԵıģˣҲֻûδʥɢһЩļ֮ǲȫɢ൱ڴ֮µġ
֮˶δ˶ߣҲԭģ£ڸмϵڳȥӶģҲʮսʼģҪСȻĻһ֮һС֣˵ģʮսʲܿɳʱѾΪפأʶʼûлȥӶᡣ
͸лֱӽǾۼŨһΪģֱǿлһغ;ͷǺĲԣȫֻǿҲͨļ֮Ҫ׳󣬻Ҫʱ䡣
лҲ߶֮ǿռڵ
߶ͷǺڵһмĸ
ռУлԸоԼսԾ˵ٶͻͽţһ·쭣ûã㿪ʼʮս۷弶ǰš
ͬģôļ֮лҲһҪΪеĳ嶯ǲеģԣҲ޷ãӵ׵ȥͻͻ߱˴˶ƣԵһлл֪ǻô˵еħɲܸţܹ໥ٽġ
ֻħ˵ֻеħУ˼ǲڵġ
صһֿ񱩵ĸо
лУ΢գֱ仯
սٵУͬʱĺۿۿǾͷǺڵľϵ̼ܵͷųǿȫɱ䣬һҪʱĹ̡
лһץǾͷǺڵľҲͬǹĹ棬ǴԵԪϣ뵤ڣתΪս
ǱȫսҲ֮һ
űһӿȻע룬һ´ӵڱžͷǺҲٵɢлĽǣѪ֮ڣʹлõһʵһأֱӿʮս۷弶ĸ߶ȡ
ʮս۷弶𾳽Ҳֻһ֮ңˡ
ܷһҪǷǻۺƵҪֵ˵Ѷ֮ױȡ
ȻˣҪͻҲôֲ
Ŀǰлӱ֪ʵǰϹʥЩǣʵ뿪˼֮ǰѾ𾳽磬Ϲʥʴﵽλĸ߶ȣνʮսʾ磬һжֻǱ˿Ĵ۸ĵʷоϹʥʵҲڿʵˡ
ʶ֮ǰν𾳽磬˵ף˼ĳЩطŵģδûУֻǶƺ˱ܾһ޷ɻϾ˭ϹʥǰԲƵġ
ȵлܲѣһҪսһйĳ嶯
лһʱ䣬ľмĹȫԼڴ˵ؿ޵ġ
߾˹ǺľҲ
˵лѡؼܹǰŪĵϸʲôƿھʱӦãĿǰǵĹϵ˵ǱȻһսģҪ֪֪˰սʤ
лӵڳ
Ҫ϶һٻعˮͨڵ󷨽ġ
δӽرл͸оһɷǳǿ
ǴĲ
ͬʱӦһ˿΢ͬȻսЩ֮ǰսаھ
Ҳ˵ʲôսٶȽף
л۾һʵսĽȣǸ޷ģлֻҪΪ㹻˱̫ˣҪսףѶ֮󣬼ġ
ǱԴ֮Щ亱ħЯ֮ʵϢǿġ
лһڵ´
գۼ䣬Ǵ̼սλá
ոյ˵أĺбֳһĻ϶Ůһ㣬һϮ壬ĺڷҵķţ˫Ŀ˸ŶĿĹâպɰľϸһļ㣬׽Ĺյ쳣սȹ£ѩ׵Ȱ׻ģսѥֱϥǴӲӵս˸ŵĹ⻪лһɶ϶鳹ڻ϶ƿصı֡
޴ı񹭣ű
ʱ˿̣϶˫״мٵͬʱüļֳ˸ŽӲӵĹ⻪Χǰ峤ڵ̫ϳϺ˲õĸ֣ʮˡ
ʮ˻϶
ÿǰ涼һ˸ɫ⻪ͬ϶ΧǱŭĽʥ޻ֻ꣬Ѿһƣ̬·ʱܺľһſڵϣоǲʡ
лƲѣӵðƯڿС
л١
Ӱһϳϡ
ţΪǻл˵
иֶΪ峤ڴĿ϶ӣ峤ɹڼˡ
л⵽ڸʲô
ЦǰеõһֶΣ˵ʱһģܹͼ֮Լħ޻ںγǿķɴ˷֮峤սȻ
ʱһֶΣҵҪˡл˫ֱ磬۹עǰһС
ʱνһҲǽھͷģǾͷĴڣܹ˴һֶΣʿܵġ
𣡡
лһʱĽʥ޻ʱŭ˻𣬾ȻǿҪл
лʼ硣
עյ㡣
#&϶еԽԽɬԽԽݣһɹɵüļͷųһĹ⻷ڽʥ޻ϡ
ӲӵĹ£ʥ޻ոʱڵء
ͬʱ˲ýյ˫ĿȻһŽϼٵٵľۼ˫֮ϣʹ˫ֿȥ貵ģ漴˫ĵء
أ
⼴͸˫ǰŵ档
ŴҲ׷ѧģһʱ䣬ʮǰŵʮ֧˽Ӳӵġ
⣿лɻ
лٺǾЯ⣬õʱ֮ϵǳ㣬Խ㽫һֲժһֱδʹã˷ǿķϽ͵
л⣬ﰵֹ̼ҵսн׼Ļأ


1771  սסһ
˶֪ŲʷźܴϵģŲʷ˶Ҫȫܲɼ⣬жôĿ¡
Ĳ
лܹս궯ȫģƺ϶ĸȷһЩ
Ȼ˸ߵĵλлҲΪսûһİҲԿжģҲԿ׶Լսûʲô
ϣڣ
˲õȵϵȻӿ˫̧ٶڵ֮ϣһ˿˿ɢ
ˣ
𶯡
̺׷׵ͻͻĵȥʮ֧ʮ⣬϶ǰǡ˫ֻ״λá
žžž
ʮ֧·ܵĳֹɵǣһ㣬Ǳ˴˽棬Ȼγһ׵ĶƵӣͨĽųƽɫĲƥһ㣬档
϶˫ַת
ʮ֧ɵļ׵ĶƱѸٵת
ˡ
һ⻪͸״ֱѾĽʥ޻꣬ƣٵط棬УȻǺ˲óһһӣͿһ֮Ҳ档
漴϶һת˫ʼ
֮ؾҪɹˡ˵
лʲô
ʥػ֮ܡ˵ǵлԼöػ֮ܣ˶лٵػ֮֮ͬֻûǰҪܹгɣϣΪлػ֮ܵá
ػ֮ܣˡл
֮ǰػʥ壬öػ֮ܿʹãνػ֮ʵǱͨķʩչģеػ֮⣬ػܷ֮ȫ棬ǿ
õʥػ֮ܣȻҲһˡ
ɴ˶Ժȫĵʥػֵ֮Ӷսõһ
ֻҪгɣǰһŷǷ޻ꣻǼ֮
һо߱϶ɹֻʱ⡣
л϶ڣʼɹػ֮ܣе仯һ˿˿⿪ʼɢ
ֶ˵ףǺģҪ⣬֮޻꣬ȵȶһƣԽԽõģЩܲ㣬Щ̫࣬˿ŽУԹ࣬ڻͷų
Ʈɳлץȥ
лٲɣ֮޷ϼ״æ˵л
л΢΢һЦС
ˢ
Щ̱㲻˲õʮַȥ֮ϣǶһ˿˿ļ֮⼫֮徫ģõģΪʥػ֮׼ô֪꣬˼֮ҲͨĻɫбһֵĻ˳ǺȻǽʥ޻һ߷ǳĲлꡣ
⣬֮л꣬㶼һ
л
ƾӲ뿪壬սϡ
΢һ˿ڣлϱŷһŵɫĹ⻪ս߶ţлתս֪ͨ
лɵһüȻǲԵġ
Ǳ֪ܹ֪ʩչֶһЩţֻҪۿܹĶģȥˣܹâǰ׼֣Լǳı֮ˡ
߶ȫսһߵ⡣
ںϣȴ޷׵ٶʱں
л٣ǱѰǰãֻطἰһ峤ܹõΪǾŲʷģֻǺ̫󣬾Ųʷ޷ƣԲű峤ҵõԴģСһ⣬֮ǿ˵Ŀ¡˵
лȻŲʷ˸ģѹǿҪںϿҪ൱ʱ䣬ҶҵսҲ󡣡
飬ķ֣ǿս֮һûУлԣûˡ
ôоҲԣʵǱģҪںѶҲǳĺô֮ڣŻֳƷĿǰ֪ôһܹ鶥װķ϶ıࡣϵ
лһ⣬һֻнʥ޻꣬ڼ֮һЩ࣬òֱӱɢعԭΪ˲õõķҲܹǿһġ

лյıԣȻҪȫ⣬δܹаϾ̫ߣ̫ǿ
Ǿֻмȭˡ
лͽȭ˳ҲǸ߼սʼˣϡеںϱ׻꣬ͬͨ޻Ϊ顣
һͽʥ޻Ĳлϣл㽫ȭڣܷںΨһ
𣡡
ոȥͿǼȭ׵黯Ϊģ׻귢ͳһ±㽫ʥ޻л⡣
ɲǼ䣬ȭױų貵Ľ⡣
һɷâ͸¶
ȭףϾûеַģɵõ֮󣬼ȭԵһͷųķ̺֮һѷ񽣣ܹһƵأ;ףϣ͸һȭܹصĸо
леı仯־ֻһߵ⣬ҲǺܿռȻ׻ˣƺתΪµļȭ׵飬׻е׵Ҳܹں
ں׵磿лһɫ׵Ǽȭڡ
ܿ죬ЩɫҲɡ
Ͼ͸оȭͷųķ֮ȻڼǲСǡǡ෴ǿһ̶ȣı֡
лṩɫ硣
ûã֮⳹ʧȭױϵĽɫҲˡ
Ŵһȭ
أ
񶯣ȭͷ䴦ռһѺۡ
л϶һۣ¶֮ɫ
ǿĹɱƷ棬Ϊͻûнһ㣬ȴһ㣬İ֮л̾
ϧ̫٣㹻лȭ׵ƷܹһзҪ߽ġ˵
лЦѾˣ࣬϶ʥػܸ֮ҪԼȭ׵ƷƶնеĳƷϵĻûʲôװֿܹˡ


1772  սס
ƶնлһֱҪƷسȫӳǾҪһ־гǿƷıܹϣǿվܳʣ޷ӳȫ
ȭƷõǡܹƶնǿӳʮս۷弶лսνǵõ
ֻЩȻлоĿԴ̼սײͬ
սײлϹҪԭ
޷
ôʣ¾ֻ϶ĳսˣлֻһԾصȴ
һսõףʵƷǿļȭףл͸Ļˡ
Ϧ䡣
һĨʧİ΢ҹ紵е˶ѾֹͣһлǶڴĿ϶
ʥػ֮ܣһֻһ峤ϵϷܷʱ֮ٶȳ֣Ϊ׳ء
һγʥػ֮ܣ˵峤ʵԴΪ˾ػ֮ܵĻᣬȻܼ࣬Ƕôġ
ž
˸ŽĶȻһ𣬷
˵ľһĿˢˢͶݹȥͿǽ˸Ķ΢΢Ĳ⻪ʼ
ܿ죬һֽɫĶƸֳȥЩŮԻһλ̼䣬ںϼ֮γɵĶƣŻƾףλǽʥ޻ͼ
ʥ궯϶ͺȵ
ļӿʥػ֮ڡ
ˢ
˶ܼͣ˲Ϣﵽֱһ׵ĳȣתţλõĽʥ޻Ҳһ˻ɢһŽɫٵػ֮ܣʹöƷԵõ
ɱ϶ȵ
һڶ棬֮㿴ǶĽʥ޻ų貵Ľ⣬漴㱩ȥ
ݣ
ͬ˵еħеһ㣬˺һеصĺһǧ׸ߵɽ档
䣡
УͿɽȻݡ
ض֮ҵĲ
ٿƣһ糣ʥ޻ͼԾģһֻ϶ļͨʥػܷ֮ӳ
ɹˣϼĵ
϶Ҳ˷ܵЩ죬ʥ޻֮ܵĳɹɣҲ˲ܹԶ޵Уսȴͨ壬ڽսõǳΪԺսʱ򣬷Ӿ޴õ춨
Ļл϶ûвμӡ
ֱӽ峤ݵǸɽڣλһߴ׵ɽӽ˵ĵطܹԲڶ۵ס
һɽɸߵγɡ
϶ж峤߸ϵǹһתлĻУ˷ܵؽеҳɹˣڳɹˣ
ӵ϶ȵĽǰļѹл̵βһƣЦ϶ɹȻģбҪô𣿡
㲻֪ģ½ʮˣȴһ峤ɹ޳ʥػ֮⣬ٶˣÿһѡǱʵˣ㾡ȫ֮ĿıҪ޳ʥػ֮ܣΪǵһ峤ʱ̣ʥػ֮츳ֶΣһжʥػ֮Ϊģٶûһɹ϶˵ţСЩˡ
ҵ϶лЦ
϶ͷǣҲ˭Ůˡ
лЦʥػ֮ܳͣԽΪػ֮츳𣿡
ڻУһҪһ⣬ⷽܳɹ϶˵
⣿л
ͷ϶ǵģͨںϵļ࣬ҲܸߣΨһ峤µһļܹʥػ֮תΪ츳Що֣ܹҽͨõһںϣγҵĶصļ塣
л˼ϣ
ڰ϶һƼ渡ֳ˸ŵĹΣֵģһһС
˼һл͸еԼսҵ
ܹսס
лĺЩˡ
϶Ҳʶлı仯֪лΪˣ˽ͣһ峤еõģ˵ʱһµģѾȱȫһѪûд߶⣬жǿ֪Կ϶Ѿ֮ǰõ⡣
ǷһߣӰں⣿лʵ
ܹںϳΪȫµԼļ壬ô϶ϣΪľͷĴڡ
ǲԣлȡġ
Ȼû⡣϶شĺܼᶨ˵ŻָһһƼתһ˿˿ļɢһĹȦ֮ϻγһµļ⣬Ҫȥ
л϶ĶںûӰ죿
϶ûУ
ãҾͽˡл϶һ˿ĵģҲͲˣϾս׵ġ
ӹһ˿⣬лתսʼɡ
ս⣬һԾԾԵӣ˷̵ڣˮ齻ڣˮУûκεĸ
ܿĻɢΪսһ֡
սڲ㴫һ˿˿𶯡
л΢ı仯Աʵɱ䣬սõһ֮ǰǶľűȻﵽʮĳ̶ȡ
ʮ붷лսλˡ
л֪ӳʮսʿʼÿһ磬ʵǿű࣬ʮĳ̶ȡ
ս൱ڶʮټ϶ƣḻս飬ôлսֵͬʮҪ࣬λ֣Ҫ񵶾Ű˾ųɵİջʤ
սӿ͸һǿս⣬֮ںмһԵʣʹǵҲ̼ܵĲɢ˵϶ڸֳ˵⣬ǺȻǰ˵⡣
϶ͨõļжʮ֣ҲߵͲͬͨʱںϣΪ˵ʵ൱ļ⣬˴˭Ҳκβ˭ҲںϾ϶ڼ巽ɾͻ̫ͣ޷Լļںϣֻܽ屣ֲļˡ
лȻһЦһ˵ڸֳ϶ΧǵΪģٵתš
³ְ֣취ںϣһǱԴ⣬õģܹγԼռһϵбּˣγɵռ壬ԼƿصģǿҲҪһȥʱ䣬١л϶ֻѡ ڶַʽеЩϧ϶Ҫȫ壬Ͳôˡ
Ҳܿµжôǿ
Ҫ֪İ˵ɶľ
ŵ˴ǣϡ
һḶ́һСʱɵģڴڼ䣬϶ҲҪȥȥΨ˲ܹܶеİ
һʱ䣬ɽڱüž
лžŵںϹУԪ˵Ũ񣬱û뿪ھ϶׵ĵط״̬


1773  ϣһ
ʱա
һȫͶУл㳹׹رϵٶҲǷǳ˵ģҲܹɾ͵սʱ޿̵ĲͻͻţһͻƲϵš
ʮսʼҪͻƣֻһ֮ң˺ܿԿԽģƵѹƣҪͻƸϼѣܵġ
ս࣬лһڶԪǴɽǡڷΧĵص㣬лԪܵĳǣһ㣬ӿȥ
ǿٶȻĴԶɱϾѾۣԵԪҲ쳣ĳ棬ܵǣͳͳĻɽڣһʱ䣬˾ͿɽΧǷڵİɫǶ׺ŵҹգȥ쳣ĹĿ·ɾһ㡣
ⶫפڵˣһϢ
ȫվפڣעɽһУ˭֪һ϶ɹ彫ᷢɱģǽ۷Ļ
ÿһĶţ֪ɹҪԶʥػ֮ܣԾ޷İģľﵽǷزĺ˲õˡ
ʱš
ҹɫʧն¡
תۼҹһȥˡ
лĻУͻأĸоһǿķâϣͬ׹߰㣬ƱһֻܹԵħ޶һ㣬ǵȸоѹ
۾һ̣лоɫ⻪Ӷ˸ţӳյ޷۾
ֻ϶ְ˵⣬ÿһһ׶೤һ㣬ƯڿУÿһɫвͬھŵǰ˸š
ŵɢĹ⻪˴
л֪ںǰı
ˢƬ̣ǰ˵ⶸȻתٶޱȣл϶ĺХ𣬾ŵͬʱ߿ռϣһӰɽڵҲûнɽֱӴ͸ȥ
лһ󾪺
ͬʱɽӿǿҲлòȥֿпӰ϶
л˳ɽ
ճɽͿǾɽҲǾŲʹ⻪ƣɽ·𶼱Ųʹâɽ嶥һŲʼֱǧ׵ĸ߶ȣһؼϵļ⡣
Ȼļ⣬Ҫ˵ˣл֮ͨУ˵ĳ죬·֮󣬾ֵĸо
ǿļɢչֳһĪļ塣
ⶫڳǵľ㶼оÿһóǳɾͷǷģδɳҲǲ򵥵ġ
ʱ˿̣Ƕ
ͬһʱ䣬е˶˱չ״̬
͸⣬ȫĵȥ
лȥܸо⾪˵ļ⣬Ȼе˶Ϊ̶ͬļƺ˲õȣȫµԼ
һĻҲǿδˡ
϶ںϼ⣬ȫ˶򣬸򣬶
ҲȻڳǸע⣬ɻѡƻģϾȻʥǣЩǲϣʥ׳ġ
лڿնֱ߿ա
վڸ߿գȻһɿҰİɢѹԲ˸ڿ
ǿֻطʱΣҲ˽Գ֣ǲʥǷսǵڸһͷǱǰھǰл˵
˵Ҳģ˭Ҳұ֤񷢻һ˵Ļܹ˶Ĩɱġ
ˡ

Ǽ˸ŵľŲʹ⻪ʼϣһֱ죬ʶ˺ˣͬʱն̫ȻӶðӳյĺ쳣ѤˣǶ쳣ͨ͸ޱȣεһ޵ĳ嶯
ӦģͨΪģܲγ죬ĺˮֱʣһĩٵľ
ͨⷽԲǧڣƣƲһ㣬ޱ޼ʵĸ߿գһֱӴ͸ܿļ
֣ڳ˵ľ
˵ףֵ壬ͬлһġ
ںϼ壬ֻܹһֿܡ
ǾǴ˼ǲ͸ֱͨ۷ľͷ
ʥűֻط͸ĺ⡣
Ž峤ߵ裬̣裬˱Ͳл٣ټ϶ѹԣɾ;ͷߣ˼ڣʮˣʥռʮң˼羫Ӣһ壬л
עˣûˡֻطЦ
Ҳ˴İգŽ峤
ֻط˵õǼҪɱлûκ
Ž峤¸ΪƣõʲôȻһֻط˶˵϶ɱлء
˵㣬ֻطҲûнֻͣлĿ⣬ͬڿһˣ˼ѾתƵлҪӶʥǵһԴŲʷ˶ѾѺܾõ񵶡
ʥˮףˮϦͻľ޴ĺ䶯ͬʱפԵøûκһ̤УȻԷˮԼ壬ĸҲѾפ⣬Ϊȫл
лƯڿУر仯
ȫܹɵؽĺУ͸۵Ĳ쿴ֵĿγԭ򣬱ǾŵںƯؼƬ춯ɵģͬõ׵һ׵׵ĸֵָƬ۶ɣ۳ɵ׵壬ΪأҪ˵˷ʱˡ
ƯؼЩȱȫģȫԺԲƵӵļܵǣѸٵĻ۹ͬҲһЩƬĶ
νƬЩΪﵽǷ磬һҲʮսʼϵľ磬Żµģ˼ǧ֪꣬ж٣ÿһƬϡٵӤһô࣬ϡ٣磬ԷֵģѰҵġ
ϣÿ۵лֵܹķһЩ仯ʥǵѾΧ㲻ٵţһƮֱǾ޴ļ֮档
ز֪׵ĸ߶ȡ
վˣͬ쾳ܹ½Ķ񵺣ҲСһϰˡ
лվЩƬмŵĶ
Ҳȥ
ʱ򷢻ӳ˾˵á
ЩƬܵںϵǣֳҲֻлԣ֮⣬ЩͷδܹѰģΨ۲ǷǵĹؼڡ
л޵Ϳ֮ƬǰܹƬǰǶֵģмŵĲȱȫĶҲǷǳģһƬƮл֪ʶƺõ˼ķḻ۽õ˼չʶڷٵţҪǸ壬û̫ע⣬ֱһƬֳл㼤һȥץ


1774  ϣ󡾶
Ƭȴȫֻһٲ֣ҪֺҪѴѴѵʱ;лҲûʱȥ˷ѣһɷŹܹעģһӣӲĳҲǼ͡
ǵһ֣ƮʱɢƯǰ֮лľһ
޷֤۵Ŀ
ķ·һ΢ܹɢŵĶȴлĲ㾪г
ǺȻǷУ
ǰķģǰܵѪӡģ˵ΪҲ׼սʵļ𣬶Ƿ񵽵û׼սʾ磬һδ֪˵ȻɢģΪٴﵽʮսʼĲſܴڵġ
һƬȻصķеİ
лβ
ǳĳ
ѵ˿ı˳ƬǳΪķУµģлɻĵ
ܹƬȴΪ֮⣬һֿܣҲǿġ
ɲΣȻܱлȻȥġ
ǴɽӷͼвģĿɲǷУлɲȫķУοеĵʽƷ磬лĸоǣδȫһ룬Ҳǵɽӷͼ֮ˣûǷ߸ûв͸Ʒ磬ԲŻ˲ȱĸо
һƬصķа㻯ε֣ӿлԺУͬӡļһ㡣
ķа壡
лһ¶ϲ֮ɫ
˿̵õķа֮ǰɽӷͼеõ̫Ĳͬ߱Ƚϣ֮ǰõľֻһ塣
İǵʽƷ硣
лг֮Ҳֻܶʹõһãڶαױ˸Ѱҳôܵơ
ʱ˿̣Ƿаٵлļ䣬ĿҲ鲻ԽͶܲ籩һͷĿ·ǰ㡣
лͷҲޱȵͨ
ͬһ㣬һжôȻûκεͣͣ谭·ôˮɵ顣
ƺκζУˣǰѡ
ܹˣҲԭһлβںϵĶ֮ǰ棬ʱͿռ壻лɲǷһְ壬˶Զεлں϶ֶγ֮ŭ䶫ˮױȶһжԵüˣûôѡ
УлԣǵʽƷ硣
лŷɽӷͼеõķǶôǳֻһЩƤëˣһʽƵ͵ڶʽԭķеһЩ裬ȫ
˿лȫķаһɹķв죬ĵز
ٶȣԻǽڿռռ˲ƣ⡣
ƾ㹻κζͷ۵ģ𾳽ĸ֣ķ츳Ҳ޷֮ġ
Ψ첻ƽᱻзӵ쾡¡
лһ㣬䲻ϵزеʱȴûͣѰЩƬмŵһЩ壬Ѱʺģоܹġ
ֻҪģϣҲʥǵģԵͲŹֶٷ֮ʮŶǲȱģزȱģˣд׵һĶˣ㾳
ݡ
յͷŵХŵһγһļ塣
ֱ͸ʵļҲȻɢٵڡ
лĺгֳƬҲڿٵڣѾеİˡ
ɫ⻯Ϊһɫļ⣬ӵۣлЩƬѾģ塣
ţ
ƬлгʧʱһƬлע⣬һͷµƬһţ֮ɢΣѿκƬ
һƬʡ
ıҲɢˡ
лЩһΪļһȫٵĲУһǲϵػζһͷµƬݣݺܶ࣬лƬʱѾʧʱֻ̣ǲ׽㣬һĶǿܰԵܿ£ǿʵֶΣ֮ԽΪѹһĻŵʱӡŲʷ˶޷ɱ
Ϣκһ𺳵ġ
֮аգлһֱΪǽеĲջﵽǿʢĵزλ磬˵ļ֮ףδƣ粻ǰ޵еĴڡ
û뵽Ȼа塣
ſĶ
ʲôأ
лûжȡͷȫƬеļ䣬ܹƬڰŵǾԲͨĶ
ϣ֮һսܹʹ죡лȵսԺзʹķа壬ȻǱӦǿȴƷ͸ɾƷ磬Ҳʱ򷢻ˡ
½ԽԽ
ӳ֮лǷһ˿Ц֮ǰǷڵõ֮ʱƣҪ֪ǿǴոսȥģҲǳλˣǿģͨ켶λ磬ڲһ߾ܳɾǰͷڵġ
ͷ˵ƬڼȻǾŲʷҲ޷ɱһͷֻ÷ѹžŲףµĻȼţԾ޷ɱ
˵ֻһͣѾﵽͷĳڡ
лģȻҪȳռ磬ڿռڳͷģһɹĻʥҲ㣬һͷֻֻܲ
Ľ϶ڵɽɽˡ
л·
Ѿд󲿷ֹͣЩΪԵ͵ģȴԵĸͻƣ˲õԼļ壬Ϊδ߾·
Ʒ磡
лʩչһ´һΣյͷµȰƾʧӰ٣һֱһĿɿڴĿùлʩչƷ磬Ѿƽ֮ˣͬ׽лټ
ĵط϶ɽڡ
ںϾŵ⻯Ϊļ壬϶ʱޱȿܵ״̬лٶȳ֣һ˫ޱȵĶлһӽлƵڵϣ϶Ҫռ㣡


1775  ݵһ
϶֧һ̻ŮǿˣֻԴӼʥ֮󣬱˲ȥǰƣȥŬȥȥȡСŮһ˶پһ档
޳һ̤۷塣
Ϊ峤Ůǿ˵ķ緶ҲԼع飬˿̵һ˳ޱȵʱһ
ҪƵл
ϢתΪ⣬һ峤ǿӲٶȳֵŮӣ鶯糱ۻĴлĲ˱ţ伱ٵӿлĲ䣬һĨ֣Ϊ֮ҡҷ泩С
϶лϣǷ԰̵ΰѹлĸ΢µĵطһ˫Ƹлգӯӯһյ֧ŵһԽǰǰıĦţƤСһ㡣
磬㲻׼϶ĵһҪһ϶ĵ⣬ĹͷˣʧջŤţβ˷ÿһǡôɢ˷
лСܵһڸǣѪҺƼƺƵСȥ
ΰмвλĴ̼϶绨ϸӵḶ́˿·һţҲԵüɢһӶǵջ

̼ܵлﻹ˵һ϶ѹ£ͽ˵Ǹ⡣
϶Ҫģ
һʹ϶ɱΪŮˣҵսĻ
漤ƻ
ͬ˷ܲѣΪ彫Ҫ˷ܣϵĺ˲õҲ˷ܣӭһ

ʥʵʵƿߡ
˵˶֪лʥǵߴڣʹעҪɾ;ͷûʱ̫飬һֱƿʥǾųƴ½һŮ֮ǰԵĬĬţʥƺпޣʼûĳֱֹʮǰʥͻȻһϵеľٶǻһ壬ȻӶܾɱͻ֣ȵȸ飬ʶʼո˲²ŮӣȻ˵ɱϣʱص㣬ֶΣƾ
ǹǰġ
ЯŵȻǿռ磬ʥǸ֣˹ĵһ·֮ϣ֣Ȼȫȥ޻أһܹ뿪ġ
פһصɽڣ峤³峤־Լǰ峤˲
λ峤أҪһϢǵˣͬפڵĸҪضѾ˿ռˡǸɽˮͼóϣȻɢһȵԪ
ɽڱųڵһʦ˸ϵ
ռ򿪣˱תС
һƬء
ǿ˸Ե˶ڸæµţ°ǵ¼ңŨԪΪ֮ѣ峤̲סҪѰȥˡ
˽ڴ󺣵һµ档
ռԭʮأ񾭹ǵŬѾ۳ʮأмд֮һҪаɵתƽǽҲתҴĿġ˵
ǰ峤˲óҪתƽѣ񹬿ºѡ
峤³Ц˴ɱ壬ռڸƣóһ־Ϳɹݷ񹬵ġ
ս뱻ġ峤־˵
ѽհǰ˺ģսΣǽƣҲҪһЩʱ䣬ͶѾź·ռڿȵΪﵽɱȥǣţƬڣͷӦòѡ巽³ŵ˵
峤־ߵԶͨ;Ųʷͽʥʥǳô꣬ѵû׼ĨȥЩӡǣǵڼ棬һƱֶܹͨνռ֮ظģʱǻδоͷͨ켶磬𾳽ϡ٣Ծ
峤Ǳֵܣϵͬһ㣬˴˵Ǻġ
˵ô죿峤³
ٲʽѣǿԵȵ֣ʱģϾעǣʱǲܹгʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰռȫĸ֣㹻Ƿչ׳ģûоͷҲܹƾͨ켶ֵֹռ类ƣӶȫ֧˳ͷ磬һɹǷʱ򡣡峤־˵ֻ̣
峤˵ûڻǺѵʱǹΪѣҲܾѣǶǻܲģǸڼ֮Ϊֹδҳġ
峤³βܹȡأоǷʲôֵöȡûʲôĵط
ȡ񹬣Ҫѣ⿴ƺѣʵֻطѾǽڣڰҪɷ̨ɱԴΪڣ·񹬣ҲԹǣϾǶʥͬشıʱǲԸʥǵġ˵ڷ񹬵ĺôֻҪתռ磬ڴʹһԵص
峤³ڸøʲô
ȣڿʼ壬壬ͽĿֻطǰͰּҡ¼ҡԪңˮͷԹŽ壬ľͲضˡ˵һ£ˣǳȥɡ
һ֣˱ӿռڻعһɽɽڡ
ȥ磬峤޷ܣǲ֪ɽͼѾ׵գҪҪſԡ
һ󲨶лЦе˽
Ƶ϶лݺݵˬ췢йһ¡
ڵ֪ĵϸ֮ģȴûоԵʤ㣬һͷƬе֪һилоѹ֣ǡ϶õһĻ⡣
϶˯ء
лӦٻǰġ
峤ʾ֮л㿴ƺдɵļ󰡣Ȼ֪صϢǰ
峤ԣһۣɵúȻ
ǿһֱһʼδֹҲûвʲôϢˡ
ϢǣѰʮǰһʦġǵľȣ͵
ŶЩӣջܶడл


1776  ݵ
һ¶ǰ㷢Цڿռıأ˻ʺͺռµģоǺҵռеıﲻ֪ж٣оϹµһЩݲ٣һЩӦоУѾѡһ˿ʼתʦ·ߣΪս
леЦ⣬һȻ׹ԴһĿ£ЩʦʩչĻܹռаżԼһЩܾ֣Դʱ䣬ʦȽ⣬Ȼûдʦɾ;ͷĸͨ켶λһʦʩչǿ¾ͷҲͷ۵ġ
ǰ峤˲һʵ
УЦ
˲ôϲһ֣ǳģţȴ޸ܹĻսؽ
ѾΪıˣȻѡǱĸ֣ǽᱻЦ
˲òɵôϲ
лıÿһ壬ÿһ壬̶ͬ츳˶˰Űɡ
һж׵Ƿȱľǵڶϵغ͵ĴϵأֻҪٴأʥǾͽ죬һаԼļƻУǣűӣǽ˵
ѹָҴϢܹӶһҪ֣Ķȥ򡣡лûĵ
峤Ծһ졣

ȥȥֲ֪ж٣磬ͨ쾳Ҳв٣ͷڣڵʵȥʮġ
֮ˣϵԴٳɣṩѾȫҪ󣬶ʱռ磬Ƿ񹬣Ҫڶʮڵ֡
лüëһʮ죿ôż
͵ʮ֮󣬾Ǻʵӣ㱻ܾս㣬֪ʵľ飬ȥʵر㣬˱룬Ϊ˲ϧһ飬Ҫȡ񹬣ʽѣǱҪֵģˣܱûնɱġ
Ҫúóﻮһˡл
ʵ֮УҲˣҪȥġ
鱨ʾ˴ˣҸǳİȵԴΪڣŻԷ嶯֣Ҳ򵥣ؼǣҪһսнܲС
лЦӦòѡ
弫֮ףʮսټƷ磬żɱҲԲ̫ѵġ
Ǻãھȥȡ˵
ȡɲǼ򵥵飬Ҫ¡
лǱģ峤ҲʶȤ뿪ˣҲиԵǾԷּң¼ҺԪҡ
ƽĶ񵺣ʵѾǰӿ
ǰ̸ֺ־ֹĶѾԶ붫ȻǲܵģʲôʱҲ֪ɿ϶һǣ˭񵺵֣Ƕġ
峤뿪лǰӵ뻳У˱û¡
϶Ϣ͸һ˿֮ǸղŽ϶˰ɣлĻУ
лٺЦıô
ǣתƻ⣬ҿɸ㣬ڲ޵ʱ˼ʱ̡ܻ
ţʲô˼лȻ
Ѿ˻ʣʣϹʥȡϵˡ˵˻ʴϢѾͷͷرע˼ĻܻܿᱻڳռаżĿռСģ˻ҲƶϳԶͨѡԭ˼磬вʹһ֣Զͨδʤͻһ֣˻ϣܹӺʵ֮ܽħ磬⻹в츳ߵģҲ˻ʽħ硣
ΪʲôҪѡħ磿л
ΪԶͨգ˻ʣлҲǰٷ֮ٵεġ
˵ħѾƵƣĸֽҲܵһľƣħ棬棬棬ǵĳɳʤڿռ糣չأҪǣ츳ģرˣֻڻ֪ռĴڣһʶȻ᲻ϧ۵ͨЩ츳ߵˣҵǵΨнħ磬ͷҪҲû취ϹʥʣʣսʵȶѾħ磬ǰ׼ˣȻ˵ħ磬ҲǿԵģΪң˻ЩѾ翴ŪĻҲǽУͷҪҵǷѣ˼ɡ
ķлҲͷͬ
룬ԶͨĽһУô裬ѵûа취
Ҫ֤ռأаżİȫ治˼磬ΨܹͨٵĳɳлҲԸⳣչؿ޵ӣɳȶԲܿ죬ǼϸԴл뿪ǿʼ֤˵
лĴ£˱㵽·߾ͷǺڵĿռ䡣
վڴ˵أĿⲻıǼͷǺ󷨣ò̾Ϲʥʲţǲ˼鰡
ҵġлЦļͷһ£ȡҪ೤ʱ䣿
ʮҡ
лǺãʮ֮󣬶Է嶯֣
ͷ㿪ʼæµ
ûʱԼлһѵͲҺ
ҪôСһذ粻ȥ̸ͷ棿ܵһȫ˼
лȻʧЦѾäĿĵز
Ҳǣ޷ȥ̸ͷ棬ĿҪͷǲڽ¡
һʱ䣬л׳־Ѫڣһս
ûдл뿪£ع϶Ķڡ
ʱ϶˯У£͹µߣлٶ
лӵ϶˯ȥˡ
ԽսǰлľԽƽȣƽͷǿߵھǰ죬ȫķſˣ޽ŸУǰ̹Ȼøʲô͸ʲôʱʱ϶ĥʱ䣬˿ûдսǰա
Ҳ̬ȣŵʥǷҲ̬
תۼ䣬ˡ
лʧȥټ
˶ɷ̨׼Ŀǿһսɽ˺ΧߣԵò
壬壬壬ˮȵʥǷϵ̨˶Ѿɷ̨ռһλãƫƫûлټ
Ȼڶ
ʱлѾˮڡ


1777  ɷһ
ˮΪлһ㵣ģ˶עʱ֮֡
ˮ˶ԣѽ뼫֮ˮ򣬾ˮĸҲ޷룬ʹ˼峤ӯӯ˵ȴ谭ģȫԳô˻ˮնɱ𾳽ˮϦϾˮϦһɹƱҪٶʥˮģСʥˮӳٷ֮һױȵĿֲݵģʥˮˮ޷ƣҲҪɱˮϦġ
лʱˮѾ
ЩˮܹӦõֻǵûм֮ˮ޷뼫֮ˮȥֻܵ۸ż
лͷųǿƣѹȥ
ϾҪڴ֮ǰģޱȵķɣҲԴΪǵ϶ģӯӯλֵģʶһͷǿϢӯӯ棬Ҫ
ȻƼʧˡ
лվڼ֮ˮڣҪֹ֡
л٣֮ˣҪȥｻǰɡˮӳվˮ򣬴˵
ǲôߵġлڰ֣һսһʱҲνοȻͷˮ·ˮͻˣ
һǿƴˮӿ
ǹɾ˵ѹлӯӯϸܹλž߱ǿơ
лѸ½
ԭҪĶ֮ˮͽ׵ļ֮ˮԶɢˮϦĽ
Ѹٵĵʥˮ
лͿˮϦȻվͨ˸ŵɫĹΣһˮΧ·ţǾˮϦƿŵһʥˮ˵ȽʥˮҪĻκμǰһ
ɹˣлϲ
ˮϦβסļĵͷͻˣҿ𾳽磬ʥˮµƶҲûκӰģҿĳ롣
̫ˡлϲץסˮϦļͷ
лл㡣ˮϦ
лЦ˭˭лʲô
ˮϦ΢죬ȴûзţҪ
ûҵû֣ԹȻѾͻƣҲҾͷȥˡлϴһžóʱûˣЩڴĴսЦЦĵʾԤףһʤ𣿡
ˮϦǰлˮһ£֪һʤġ
ˮһǣҲҪˡлЦţȥ
ʥˮˮ
ˮϦƮɳһ֣֮ˮˮӳڼ֮ˮڡ
ʥˮǿ𾳽ˮϦҪĸռ֮ˮ
뿪ˮлӥ߿շ衣
գۼɷ̨ˡ
ӵɷ̨Χ˷Ȼкֳ𺳵ضҡɷ̨·Ҫˡ
лվڸ߿գ¡
ͷܶ۽Ӱ
ɷ̨Ϊĸ򣬶ΪʥǷΪĸǣϲֻط֣һȺлЩˣȻ̷ĸ֣櫱С
򲻼Ӱ
ɷ̨ģһϮս壬һܰ㣬һվ˫ĿţƽȣһѹָС
л¡
ܹӦõϢƽͣûһ˿ĲƳԶʮսܱȣԶ׼ʵֳˡ
λ磡
ҵܾˡ۾ƽĵ
˼˯̫ˣ˻гҪУ˯ͷˡлһδ˯ѵӡ
⻰˵ĺܶ˷
е𾪣еǳ⻰
ҹ㾫񿺷ܣսǴ״̬˯̫˯ͷӣǹ˰ˣ˶ŭң޷ƽ̬ǾʹشˡƽĵΪսѾ׼ܳʱˣлҽԲʲô½ػߵݣǱ˴һսۣҪȫԸ

лЦұ˴˵ʲô֪ҲûҪתĨǣ֪һһֱڰ˷ȫȡأ꣬ڵǿɣλ磬ɶԣ
䣡
ȫ䶯
𾳽磬²ԴȥģǳԽʮսʵľ磬̤Ͼͷıؾ֮·
һֱҶΪ˼ֻع֮ǰǿҲʮսʣѾ𾳽ˡ
ܶطˡ
Ȼ𾳽簡һսʲô
㿴лƵʵǱ飬ǲںģĻʤġ
ԣŸһսء
ڶܶ˶ۡ
λڱ̷ĸҲһĪĽţ櫶¶һ˿֮ɫ
֪겢
лһ˿Ц⣬û
֪ˣ㻹ҽսĵ
ΪβҡлЦ𾳽ӯӯɱܣοˡ˵䣬Ҳɷ̨棬˫ֱ磬лô˵Ҳݴػ֮֮λ֡
ܵлĿ֮⣬֪Լʵ磬ţһ˿Ĳ뵽Լӷ񹬵õĶȶлʵΣذɡ
ǾҿԺδûʲôɱлսıҪɵġ
һ䣬˱ͬŵڵȥ
ٶȱ绹Ҫ֡
һʩչΧ߷У̫ˣóٶȵֻط˶¶һĨ֮ɫ
ҲΪһչֳľʵе𺳡

ȭͷҲȥ
һȭȥһĵҫţ֮׶߶˳һȭɷ̨ڲ˺ҧ顣
ǿĽа
ણ
л˫վҲһȭȥ
ױ
Ҫλжǿ˶ûǿ˴˵ʵж
һʹü֮ף;ס
һüױ϶žжʮս
˶ɴ۾š
ǸעĻҪλĸʵжôǿᣬǷԶʮսʾ硣
ȭͷĿ£ѸٵĿ
䣡
ȭͷײһ
׵ʱȭͷ㱬Ѹٵ˷ɢȥӷԲǧ׵ķΧڣ׺䶯˷
޾ನ⣬ɷ̨涼ˡ
ػлβܿƵʮףһʮ׵Ĺ֣ͬξ޲ડʮಽͬ˽ʮ׵ľ롣
˵ʱʮ׵ľ롣
лתһ󣬷žžЦеĵλƺҲǺǿ


1778  ɷ
һ̽
۾磬ӯӯ£λ磬ʵвࡣ
лĸоӯӯ֮ŷǳĲֹ࣬һĲ࣬Ͼʮսʿʼÿһ磬ߺ۷弶ŽʮĲأҲΪʲôԽͻԽѵԭ
ǽջ״̬Ҳ޷ǸոտλʵҵʵҲľ룬սȴǶʮĶԶͨĶǿĶ࣬ԾŲࡣлЦ
һɫƽ
лܹԼһȭ֮С
˶˵յԶͨĶҪǿĶ࣬һսȻˡȻõһõɱ䣬ͨıңȴȻҪѷɫһЩѹš
ıţɣвҡлʼ硣
˫һһۻȻ񱩵ѹɷ̨ҪȥֻɵѣҪȫˣ
һΣҸڶγֵĻ𡣡лͬ˵һȭԣ
֮ǰҲûжȫ
˿Ҳȫ
Ƶ磡
лչٶȣһᴩʣЯɽصһȭ˳ȥ
ಣ
쳤Хλϼ֮ףһž˵񱩵ĳɱȥ
˺⣬˲Ϣ
䣡
һֱӵײ
˷Կͬײ򣬿񱩵𵴵ضɷ̨ನ٣ܵĿ̨ҲܵǿҵĳĽΧߣ׷׵ӴܣҿƺεȾˡ
ٶȱˡ
סΣգǹеľѹһеıը춯
һѷ˸ɫ⻪񽣳УһѳԼһװ˵񽣣нʮףͨɫﻷƵͼ΢΢𶯣
ˡ
һֱñĸģ˷Ҳʶ˶ȭлռϷˣȻܱýΪ֮̾
ꡭ
˽һ˶ƽУת֮ںһ貵Ľ⣬նϲ񷣬ͨأո飬ǰĸ˺ѿռ䣬գѾлĽǰ
žž
лҲ˼ȭס
ǿǰӦģҲ˿⣬ֱǽӦԣ˫չƿһ֮Ű㣬ſ
еػ֮˳
ãɷǵصƵؼ䡣
˽һıɱȻ١
޿ɵֵЯŻصصĺеػ֮棬ֻ߽˲Ϣͣ٣ػ֮ѵļ󣬸һǿĳӽ⼤ȥ
գ۵ʱ䶼񽣱Ѿ
лһЦ΢΢һΣע£ˢһ±ƾʧӰ١
Ʒ磡
ǷµһʽȱȫܵƣڱлȫӳʾĿ£ΪαΪһ
ˢ
һ̿ա
лʧˣʧ
Χ۵ֶ鲻ԽվȻĿųڣȴûҵлټ·ûһ㡣

Ȼһը죬𶯵˶ֱ졣
׿ȥֻлռ޴̧ͷһɲǻֻһڵ㣬ֻգ۵ĹȻ
лͷ½ϣ˫ֺʮ߹ͷƻһ⣬͵ĳɱ
ƶն
Ǽȭ׶˸ŽӲӵ⣬ЯƷ֮ƶնƷ߽ϣʮսΪټлȫתЯŵ·һɽҪ飻·һҪٵء
лٶҲӵ˼¡
Ƶʮս۷弶ѾԽ׷ĵز
ľˮһλˡ
л״θовæ񣬷ֹܵţδսӣ˫ֳ񽣣յֵ
䣡
л˫ֺʮն֮ϡ
ļȭױױȵһ±㽫ǳͷ񽣸ĽĲ񽣶һ˿Ѻֲۣĵâ֮ϡ
ǡ
ս׳ѣ˫ĵâû磬Ѫɡ
񱩵޷ڿסΣٵ½ɷ̨棬ʹɷ̨μݡ
䡭
ߴǧ׵ɷ̨ױױȵķҲ޷ֿĳлѹֱ
ıѡ
лٶնվһ̣ƾ£ս¡
سһֱԼʮ׵ľ޴ӡ
վԶȥİޱȣһۿףҲټҲûϢ
Ӱ׷ɣ֮Եġ
ĸֻƣĿӣ˭ţֻܱطˣ¶һĨɭЦ⡣
ˣƺҪˣôһ㶼ģŽ峤
ãҼȻܹעѹϣоԵİաֻطؼģžԵİգŲðŵԶͨΣգְأ˵лȷҵ󣬾Ȼܹλȴκαġ
Ž峤ʲôƣ
ֻطЦϾͿԼˡ
䣬һȵͬ޸յϢ׵ĴӿԪҵķ֮У񱩵Ϣ˸еľ־壬޷վΣ׷׵ĺˡ
ǿŽ峤嶼ɵһüĹŽҪʣֲֿƣǲоΣգǺεǿ
ֻطҲ¶֮ɫǿðԵѹֵʱḶôĴۣѹ֣ɴ˭ĵ֣УҪҵԸֶεİ취գ䵽ҵϡ
Ҳоһ˿Σա
Ԫ۵ҵķһצҷƣһѹֵϢϣڼٵĴ
Ҫɱ𣿡лŨĵطͬо˳ǵĺ⣬ƺɱС
Ҳ˿̳С
лۻؿ
ܵΣѹȣˣѾӰľлǡǡ෴ľӵʵƽͣԶڵߵĺлط뿪һж˳
״̬ģлҲһ


1779  ɷ
Ŀ࣬ս壬û˿һսףϰߣʲô飬Ҳ֪
ʱսˡ
л˫ֺʮΪƶննˣ񽣶һ˿ѺۣսȻԱ档
¶塣
һ޴ħͼǰĻ֣մȾѪƸһ㣬ɢȻɷɷҰɱħͼͷųƺҪأװ˼һ㣬ǹɿֲƣʮսʶΪ֮岻ѣ׷׵ĵˣͨʮսҲ޷⣬Ƕһľĸо
ܵƣ
лҲ֪ڲʺϳֵ֣ǿʱ̣Ҳ뿴ĵƵʲô
Ȼֻͨط˲ܹӳ
ƽʱΪΣս壬սײǱãħͼɢϢڲĵƣܹ˵زģɼƶôĿ¡
ڷڳҲǰ滭ŵǿֲ׶ħ޵Ŀ
ףۣ˫βӥצȥֻͬħģ۵Ļһ˫۾ͨͷһǱֱǹ˿˿ĵ⣬˫֮һ˿˿΢֮Ļƣһпȥƻ滭ģ·ʵħ޷ӡһ㡣
ǡлħͼԺƺץסʲô·˭ἰһѾ𼸰ħ޵Ӱӡ
Χ֮Ҳ۷׷ס
Ȼħޣû֪ʲô
ˢ
ѾƮڿе̽ɫ䣬Ŀ侫⣬ʵʰ㶢ǰħͼôܣ㣬Ȼõʱľͷħ̣
Ļûп̫⣬һڣ˵ע⣬󼸸֮˶ҪϢˡ
ʱͷħ޵̣
˶֪ʱǹԻ͵ʱǸʱ򣬰˼磬ħڣн磬ÿһǶǿ˸ĴڣͷҲʱʱ𣬻ΪͷķսµĽ
Ǹʱ򣬲ڣʱħҲռϰٸ磬ľͷħޣЩħѪͨ죬µĺᣬģ¶ܹͨ쾳磬ֻҪɳΪͨλľ磬ֻҪһЩµĿޱֱͷġ
ͷħ޵̣ʲôǾͼδľͷ
ԴʱľͷǰǰҲʮ˶ѣ嶼ʼδͷΨһԶͨ;Ųʷ˳ɾ;ͷħޣΪֹ;ˣżһֻͨλħޣǶǷǳģûʲôȷļأ˲ʹħ΢ġ
˭֪ϾȻʱͷħ޵ͼ
櫵˵ǣƺⲻͼô򵥡
櫣㲻Եħĸ֣ʶ㰡ʱħ޾ͷĺᣬܻ֣
üܹʶħ޾ͷϢȴ޷ȷһħޣϾֶ꣬꣬ǰǰľͷδܹ֪ġ
ʱħ޾ͷ
лһӱ뵽ƽʱаḶ́аʱģڰǰս֪Ĳ࣬ɶʱ飬ǵ֪ģблἰͷص㣬оħоͷ顣
ɷлص
ԭڴ櫽ħƵĿˢˢͶл
˵ĶҲˡ
ɷ
ûҲ֪ʲôƷ׷磬櫵ȴһͷ𺳣¶֮ɫ
ֻطҲ⡣
֪Ļ治١ϵĹžžȻ֪ˣǾ׼ɣ
ĿԶȻ
ǿֲɷ֮ؼ䣬շƱãܲգˣǷ󣬸е֣ǰŵħɷӦƺɷġ
ҿδذɡлǷһ˿Ц⡣
˵ʱħ޾ͷелЩɵųʱһħ޾ͷ߱лúвеЩЦħޣһͷƺΪɷ
Ȼ֪ɷ֣ȴ֪ɷЦ
лĵʱ꣬Ƴʮħ޾ͷɷ֮һħȴʮħ޾ͷгģɷһƷֹ֣ܹλħ޾ͷݺʱ֮䣬δϾųʱһħʵ֮ǿλʱгֵĽǧͷǰʮʶħǿߵš
Χһ䶯
Ĳ˵ɷ־ͷƵ֮Ҳ̫ˣоħǿߣǾħ޽繫ϵǿߣ
֪ĵǲ٣ϧֻһЩֻƬһЩƳˣʵʹɷļءűлھ֪ʶ淽ѹлһȻٳֽܣȫлĵزǲʤʤһѹǹֻطˡ
ɷǹмصΨһܹͬʱ֮߱ף֮𣬼ּ֮һħޣȻйħ޿Ĵ˵ȴʼûκεּأһɷּ߱һ壬ΪͷҲΪͷʶʱɷһħ壬ʮͷĴţͷɷǾͷȴּл˵
˵Ž峤ҲѾ֪
νֻطõضǼ֮
ȻĻֻط˵Į˵
ĵұֶΣʾˣͺҲıֶһʾˣΪֹȴŲʷˣ֪ʲôɡ
һһʱ¶һ˿Ѻۡ
ǵĺֻΪ档
һгͻؽֱ
ֶǡǡвֻطˣ˼ɵɱֻط˿лʱ򣬻ֻҪлڣǾͱ
һһĿԣâ֣¶һ˿Ц⣬ٻԡ
˾֮£ԭǵĳǸƱ˴˵ģֻ¶ĵƣʵ̫𺳣ֻطһʱŭѿڶ
ɴ˿ɼֻطԭӦ֪ͬʱӵм֮׺ͼ֮ȴ֪ͬʱ֮߱
ôǷͬʱּ߱أ


1780  ɷġ
˵ͬʱּּ߱Ҳǿ˸ģҪ֪֮УҲֻħпܻϵļħΨڵħŴڣǵħˣҲġ
ʶһֱõּģûС
һõֻּҪӳһ¾Žսʴ߶ּܹɨλĸ֡
ּĻǸǲˡ
ΪΪֹȴʱɷһЩ˵δκμأɷµȴǿֲܹԷǾͷͷƽƽĵزɴ˿ɼּϵĻοֲ
֪ɷİҲҶѿˡƮɵлƽеĸ߶ȣл׼ɣ
л˫۱磬ЦЦĿҪΪӷ񹬵õ֮ںϼ֮ףܹ޵Уһû˵ŤͷֻطˣһЦˣⰵ飬ȵս֮Ӧúú֣̽̽˵ǰɣ
ֻطȻ
Ҳ֪Լ֮飬ȻܣʦƵʥǣ֪ܲġ
ֻ϶лɣԸûлͻڿƣǲллʤĿܣʤٷ֮һûС
ֻطȻҲôл
һлɱôǷҪ̺ѡ
Ҫ˼ƽϣǻҪڱϻ˵ɡлҲŭˣһХ񱩵㼤ٿϵɷͼ貵Ĺ⻪ѸٵڣһȵݳƵԲǧ׵ķΧڡ
𣡡
һХء
ͿıɷӰأа֮ߣ˫չ죬죬ѹ񵺣ǿֻطҲǹѹȵ¶ŭ֮ɫ
Ƿһ˿Ц
㶯ⱣֶΣлǿֻöãһãʤǺġ
ɼȻãǾҪӳá
ҪնɱлҪ˻ֻ̽طˣ󳬼ǿߵǳϾܹвĳļ֮⣬ˡ
һ߶ѹһһˡ
Ҫǵĸ׵ʲôزҪѹȳֻط˺櫵ƣҲһ¶
ʶѹ񵺣ʵѹл櫺ֻطˣֻ߽иоˡ
˼Ȼ޷ǡ
ߣ
֪⣬Ҳûܹض٣ʶһԺɫɢڰĹ⣬ѹ⡣
Զ״ɵõͺ
ʹǵħĻ壬ʹ岢޶ĸϵ˵ʹĶʹÿһԶŷǷʶʹȻһ壬ܹʹȴûжˣӵԶʹǾζ൱ӵּܹ˴˵ӵģӳּںϡ
л״ҲȻ
µڣͬı
˻
һ˻Ƴա
ֻطȻӲǵֿɷĿѹ
ݡ
ΪֻطƾױɵֿʱĲ֣ȻðһɫĹΡ
֮𣡡
ױԴ֮飡
ֻط˾ȻСˣ
һʱ䣬Ⱥ۾塣
־ڶֻһֻط˵Ŀֲ
ףصףзһеǰٷ֮һܹɨһи֣ǾͷĸֶԷӳʮ֮һҲҪؼبδй
ֱ֡
ԡķ壬ǿľŲʷҲ޷ףӵеľŲҲͼʥ𣬸޷ֱôһʮֻصķˣס
˶֪͵ħҲ֪׿ޱȣֻط˽õһƤëΪ䱾ʥͬʶΪףۣʥҲδǿĹ
иǰᡣ
һһ˿ĽףͻͽϾ׵ıʣҪнףֻط˵׾һ˿֮𣬾˱СɣҲǿԽƤëĵز׽׵Ŀܡ
벻ֻط˵ı֣оΣΪֻط˵׸СɵģʶıһֶΣû뵽ֻط˾ȻӲСɡ
лҲȻ׹
ʮֻط˵츳˵ʹﵽǳĵزˣڱֳʵȴǿвҲǿ󲻵ʲôطΨһĽ;ǣʮʱףСɵġ
櫺ֻط˵ĵƶ¶ˡ
˵Ŀٶл
Ҫֻ֪ɷѹһǣĿҪȳǿƣлҪɱ֮ˣǷűлҲȻҪл󣬹ʶѹǿġ
ٿлȴƯڿУȻӰ졣
˵ͷֿˣܵѹȵļûС
лɫ΢䣬ѹлжǿˡ
л΢΢һЦҵʩչǿأҪʧŶ
ߣҵҪʲôƣһٶȶֲļ֮׿ٵתǾ޴ɷĻӰȻʵ·ʵĴڡ
ɷͷϵ׵绷ƵǸԵʵƺɢ׵Ƹء
𣡡
Х졣
׵¡¡Ľ£ƽⷽԲǧķΧڻһɷƸʤѹ۳εֱлһϣֻطˣ櫵һ˵ȶоѹ
ѹ٣лȻ°վ֮С
ַƮҷģһһؼ䣬˿ѹȡ
лɷĻӰ
ۿ͸лܹĿɷĻӰɲǱô򵥵ģӦþɷ꣬ȻδģʵҲǳֲģʶͷųѹ˵Ŀ¡
л˵á
϶һϣãҾĸҲˣۿȴǡǡӵİڣۻСɱϾǷӵãʶлȫκѹ
𣡡
״ɴŭ쳤Х
һųҵĻȻð
ǺȻǼ֮
ԭż֮׻ƣ֣֮׻˴˽ƣγɵѹǿֲɷ۾Ҳðһŵ棬ѹʮ
лȻվ
ҪЩģûáлȻ
ЦԴҾͳȫ㣡Ļһ䣬һɰ
֮磡


1781  ɷ塿
˭Ҳû뵽ʹü֮׺ͼ֮󣬾Ȼٶðһ磬ȻǼ֮硣
֮ĳ֣˺䶯
Ƿ׷綼ԾĽг
ֻطҲȻ𶯣Զ׼Ҳ൱ĳԾ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮м֮硣
֪ˣƹ촳ҷҪͶȻߣȴһ֮磬ұΪ͸ĳˣû뵽Ȼ͸ˡ׷ȵ
Ц֮磬ѵõԭ֮Һѵõлȴæ֣˭ҵ֣
ȴ˸ҷ
ںϣεȿֲ
ӲҲͬ׸ܹģ˵ڼ޵еġ
ֻطˣɱȻ
ԭֻ֪һʱħ޻꣬ͬʱм֮׺ͼ֮𣬼ˣҲһּ¾Ͳаսʤˣʼղ֮лĳ֣ΪСɣġ
أ
Ȼм֮磬Ǿɷ֮꣬˱ںϣʵ֮ǿ޷
ֻط״β˻⡣
֣˭ҵ֣
Ǻ˼硣
񵺾ҵĻζ˳죬ǧѩ޾أƺһǿߵĵ
𣡡
ɷӰҲХ˷
ʵرϣ˭Ƕ֣
ʵ˼磬˭֮ԵС
ǽֻط˵˸߹ͷ­ǾûӦսĵͷѪֱϵ֮˸Ҵ
˸֮һս
һֻӡ
֮УлʩʩȻˡ
ĻĿ֮󣬸˾°͡
Ծ߱ȻֻҪһֻӣһ˶лţݸ塣
ЦҲɵô
ʥǷĸҲˣֻǿЦ

ЦЦЦ
ǲЦȻñ֪ھ͸ᣬںлЦеĵ
һŵЦݣ˸олδǳ˵ΣֻںϣǺεȵĿֲûлܹӦ
ãҳȫ㣡һǾ޴ɷĻӰٿȻʧڡ
ǿֲҲֳ

̽ϡ
֮ϣƷ䣬Ǽ֮׳𣬻һֱ֮ܲУصķ׵粻ϵطٵĻ۹ȥǼ֮ںϣһص׵֮ϣ·һֻء
𵽣
Ҳ̽ͬĳϵġ
֮ʱһ¡춯Ȼһͷˣؼ䣬Ļ棬ƻ꽵٣׺յĻƯţǿ裬һصİأ¶ȼٵĽ֮ڻ
Ļ߿ջһ֮ϡ
֣
һȣ˾ʮ׸ߵĸ¥죬ƺҪƬض˺ѿ
ϯأŰء
һ磬ͬĽأı˹ͬ֡
ڣ
һ˫𶯣̲ų貵Ĺ⻪Ѹٵм۹ȥͬʱҲֳĿĹ⻪
䣡䣡䡭

֮Ŀ֮£ѸٵںϣΪһ壬߿۳һ޴Ĺ
ǹڣڣĶһ㣬ɢ񵺣˶о壬֮ǿѾԽǵ֮⣬ɻء
λ磬ܵµƵӰ죬͹ԣȻƵֳɼѾֲֵĵزˡ
ɢŶĿ⻪ͬհ㣬ǧʹֲػ谵۶ɵĹ
Źؼһ
һ̣ѹ˼磬˿֮ĵز
ֻ֣ǿйκˣֻط˶޷ͷҪ˵֮ˡ
˿ֲ»ûзӳٷ֮һܹﵽͨ쾳磬ƾܹͷһˣһɾ;ͷ磬ܵˡ
лΪں֮󣬵һ߰ɣҲˡЦһס
ಣ
ں϶ɵĹȥ
䣬ͬڵһ⻮ն˵Ŀ⡣
лٿˣУ
ˣ
ȻܣҪɡ
һʱ˶
ʥǷĸ֣壬壬壬ˮȵȸҲżˡ
վǹ䷽ֻطƿصֻطڣ׷׵ڿնҷȥлĨɱ֮ǵϣǾҪ֮꣬ʶ׷׵Ӵܡ
˸֮⡣
ԶԶ֮ŵĵûС
ǵ˵Ļһֻӣձʶһ£лֻһֻ֣л
ͬѹһΪ֮𺳡
лȻվͷƣգֱҷ裬ͬһĻǰ̽֡

רȻֶΣڴֶ֮£κμлΪ㹻ʥףʥ֮Ҫ׳Ƴ
ֶΪġ
ͨʩչ
˵ΨлʹõֶΣ붼ַ
лһץһֻ˶ٿȻ֣һѽĹС

״Цźȵ
ֻҪһ죬лؽҷ
˶ڴĵȴ۾ҪĿǿֲں֮󱬷ǷŻص
𣿡лȡЦ
Ȼڴеıըδ
һӣԭ϶лΧߣʱɴ۾
Ҳɫ䣬ŭȵ
Ҫ߶
ǱһķŴ󣬿ֲ֮ϵСȻûԸı
֮˼״ʱ
ǿֻطˣ櫶Ŀɿڴţ޷л˵ȵزġ
ļ˵һֻӣɴ۾ˡлЦͽָڣ


1782  ˭սһ
Ҫ
֮ǰлĻԻЦĿлֻȡںϵĹ򣬸޷ƣɵۣҲû˻л˵ĻͬĸǱлֳˡ
ɫĿ¡
ϸĻ֣ᷢһΪδɾ;ͷǿߵ۵һ˿Ŀ־塣
Ǿˡ
û˱
Ǿ޿ɱģǾͷҲûеȡģлȴɵĸˣ޷Ƶıըɱˡ
һθолĿֲ
лںϵĹͬеĿֲ͸ۣںʱͿռɵģ޷ӳٵҲ޷κεġ
Ҫ
ͬһ
ǴںϣǷѡ
ͬΪİѲǸϾ͸Զͨʥ޻ģʶѷӵľ
ˣ˵лֿܷں𣿡Ž峤Щò׼ʵ
ֻط˸źâ
һţҲԼʼվڵرϵǿߡ
޷Կ֮ģͿлȻֻֿǳ֮⣬ĵڳһԶƵļ֮ģ
ֻطľΪܿ侲
ɹĿԺܴ󡣡ֻط˳
˻
Ȼ뷨ǵõֻط˻شԾùŽ峤еûɵıֱð˵ĻذɣлɱģǸô죬Ƿóȣ
ֻط˱նɱΪв̫ˣһлʤôԶԣлв͸ˣл֪ͼ֮»ģͱѹ
ȣҪԸлֻط˳峤лԼսʤΣҲӦ˰ɡ
Ž峤ˮ
ʮգȴǺ޻ʤİա
ʵں̫֮£ȴлֻƽ⣬Ǵʵ̫ˡ
ϮɱŽ峤
ֻط΢ɲһͷĿɨһ´һԣɱֵıͬʱɨһȺеǷֻط˾ԪҵһԲϵһۡ
Ѿɱ
Ǳ룬ԳֶԵġ
Ե̷棬ͬǶлֳֶ𺳲ѣ櫸üĵɫ񵤡
оѣңûű͡
һ
л˵˵ľ
һʱ䣬Χ߲֪ˣȻѻȸ·ס˺ɴ۾ںϵĹ
Ƕ֪лνںϵ

žͷһɫ䡣
˻ڲ⣬Ϳлһץһ㿴ںһȻһǺȻǼ֮硣
㣬ô⼫ںͨɷ߱츳Ϊģοɫѿ֮
лЦл˵ûʲôܵġһٶȵ
ž
һɢ
ǺȻǼ֮
ԭĹ̺žĹ̼䱻ѸٵİȥԾɼһЩļ֮ͼ֮΢ûгɾ

лֳڣǼ֮ڼӵһЩļȥ»ع鱾ģ
һʱ䣬֮磬֮ͼ֮׻ŻлܣԾȥʮ㡣
ǿ˹
лԣֽںϣͨͺԷˮļ򵥣ڱȴǲ˼飬ġ
ʥǷĸ˷ܵؿ
һɫȻ彻ӣǿлĿ⣬ͷ·ٿһħ
ֿΣҵ޷ںԸ㣬ֱ㣬һɱ㡣ȵ𶯣Ȼɱȥͬʱ񽣾׺ݵնȥ֮𣡡
һն֮
ͬľס
лһץͼ֮𣬼֮ͼ֮ܵǣһ㣬ವķģĿơ
Ȼ͸ˣûȥ𣿡лЦҲδ񵶣֮Ͻ貣ȭ˸е̺Ʒ
һȻԼƣԭһϣʱľܵӰ죬һǿʢʱڵɡ
л۹ⶾһ۳׼ᣬܷŹ
ƶն
ǾƷļȭ״߷ǿֱֱ֣Ϊ񵶣񽣱նȥ
һܵӰ죬δӳ
һȫһ
ʵлսǶʮռϷ磬Ǽȭ׵ߵ̼
أ
лһֵն񽣣ǿս̺ƶնȻȥԭͱնĳƵشѺۣ͸񽣵谭ϣѪɳȥ
һ֣лֿٶȾ
ˢ
ͬǸ°㣬ɱȥ
ٶȿ쵽£ǿ㡣
أ
޷ֻóֱֵУٶѪɣ嶼ܵ˼شˣ񽣸ǳִơ
л۱侫⡣
治ᣬֵն
ء
ɲǼʮֵն񽣡
;׵лֲǰȻƣһǵѵĵزһ񽣱ؽѡ
лǲɱ
Уô飬ش¶Ҫɱˡ
𣡡
˻һΣʱ̣һĨĻ꣬ɷͼٶȸֳ˵ǰ
޶
ƶն
л״֪Ӧǿˣǹˣɽɱͽƶն˶صӡ
һʱ䣬лֱ۷·񵶣գɽӡ
ɷҰ˻ȫ
һĨ⣬ɲǶ
꣡
лֵ޼᲻ݣǽ⶷Ʒӵޣһֵն񽣣ֵƲɷ۶ɵĹ档
ž꣡
ɷӰĹֺȻ顣
ɷҲһĲҽУһڹûڣлֵҲļ֮֮ϡ

ҽŵɳȥ
һδնɱлȥҲ֪ľ֣Ҫնɱɲô򵥵ģҲûһɱٶɱȥһζȻԽС


1783  ˭ս
лǴбɱ֮ĵģ½ػߵ㽫ҳţؽʥǣΪƿصģһ֧ǳǿƿͷǶҪȵĴ
ʶлɱļʢ
Χ۵Щ
˼սлǿƻû뵽ٶðȻܹԭ϶սǰģлֻƽ⣬ǻ񽣣ɱ˱仯һʱ䷴Ӧ
ۿҪлնɱȴֻط˴һԭþǰܣҲܼһģδȻô
ֻ֣طѹͺȵ
̫⣬֣ʶֻܼϣˡ
ݣ
ա
Ž峤Ǳų޼᲻ݵĹŽʣ˸ڿնֱ߿գȵл飡
һӲնƿռ谭ֱӺبл֮䣬лɱһ
ĽŰ·ҪһС
ͨ͸ʮףͬǵһ㡣
ɱħɱħлɱⰻȻۿŻĻᵽȻ赲ɵôŭ
Ӷֱֵɨȥ
Ǿ޴ʮ׳ĽлֵӶ䣬Ȼ飬ǿսĹŽ峤弸ҪѪҲ޷վȣˡ
˻
˻Уն
߷ɣЯű溮ı棬һ޴ĻȻ£·ǻɽһ㡣
ǱлΣл֮ǣһֱǿ
һлӵɨһǱӣûжһ߱ػ壬Ҳһߣֱײ
䣡
ƾ壬ǿֲıֱӱлײˣԾ޷ǰĵ·
еۿһĻҲȻӾлĿֲҪ֪лΪֹδùϵµҺ̬ء
лֱӳײȥ
𣡡
һХ
һӰֱӽǰסлȥ·ǰֻطԪҵǿߡ
һ֣㵲סлĵ·
л٣飬ѾˣαظϾɱԪҸ˵һȴǱɱ
лͷһ䡣
ıɱ
ǰùŽ峤ͱ֣ȴԪҸһɱĻᣬҲԼһЩ˿µһ
ԪҸһ֣еı㸡һ񵶣˸޵ĺâһĻߣлλá
죡ݣ׼
г䲻⣬ν޿ɷһɱ
леʱɭĺâɱ졣
ԪҸ֣Ǳ͹Ž峤Ҳһ˱ɱ֮ͷ
Ʒ磡
Σʱ̣лʶĶǿ
ˢ
һա
лӰƾʧ
ԪҸɫ䣬δӦԪ˴һľŹŽ峤˵ĴС
࣬Сģ
࣡
ԪҸҲǾıұȥͬʱӵնȥԾȡ
лӰԪҸֵ࣬Ҳ˳ǰһץ
ֲֺֿͬʩչģżȭ׵ļһץסǰ񵶡
ԪҸֵ񵶣ǿǾսʼס
ɱлץס֮󣬻δ߶ս֮㿿ȥ
䡭
˴໥̼εȿֲһӱ㽫ֲսʼ񵶸ˡ
ǿԪҸֱֱֵۣ۳׷顣
ԪҸһԴҪˡ
ҽţԪҸֱˡ
лתֱһư
𣡡
˻
д
Ž峤ͱͬʱ˻𣬷׷ɱ
壬̫Ϊʥ˷񣡡
Ҫ˲ǰ㣡
ǵľٶҲŭʥǸ֡
巽³˲ñҪ֡
ǵʵ޾˶ˡ
һ֣ȻģսлϣģϾڵǺǿܹɱˣҲҪۣɲϣЩûн֮ǰ䣬ʥ˵ҲǾ޴ʧ
趯֣һӣлȵ壬Լսٴ˽аɣߣȻǲ˹أִսҽնɱطҲ޻˵ɣ
лҲΪֹɱ޹ֻطϿڡ
лһӣֹֻط˿ڣһսսǴҹ֪飬ǲ֣ҲζţҪƻ򣬼ȻҪ֣ǾݹҲˣȻڳ֣ҲûʲôɣʥҲҪΣߣΣɱˣѽ֮⡣֮ȵˮϦ׷磬³麫־ң񽣺˲սҵ˾һ˭˲֣һɱ⣡

ͬʱӦ
ˮϦƾճ֣ѹһ˭˲֪ˮϦʵѾ𾳽硣
лɷսݱ䵽˵زĿɿڴЩϡ
櫵ȷ׷׵ĺˡ
лԼע޷ƽ֮ǰֵġ
棬ûָߣǻ׹鸽֮󣬸ԵƵ£ѹǷ׷ѹȣ˸κζ
ֻطƿصˮϦһ˵ȵѹ£ͬٶĵķĴģͻǾǵڸˡ
˿׼ˣлĵ
Ĵɫѿ֮
ԭԤ֮УŽ峤ͱֳӰлԪҸһɱĻᣬû뵽Ȼˣնֱۡ
лһ˲Ƕ֣ĸ֣ɣԪҸĵ
лЦɱ㣡
Ŀһ䣬ٶʧ
Ʒ磡
ƾʧӰ٣ܹҵټĿ⾼Ӱ
ͷСģ
ˣ
ֳ
Ž峤壬ͬʱȵ
Χ̧֮ͷлһǰ㣬Ħ棬ֱԪҸֱײ
ԪҸҲ֪лϱˡ
һѸΧ£
ߵ𣿡лٶȻӿ죬˲ϢҲȻն϶֮ŭ
лͬһͷۻޱȵһ谭
ԪҸٶȿ죬лǰٶȴ̫Զˣֻóֵֵǿֲһ
䣡
ȭͷлƣֱӾͱ飬ֲҲݺݵײԪҸֵϡ
䣡
ԪҸֵ顣
лҲƾһɱ˳ǰȥɶ㿪ֵΧˡ
һл֣һ
䣬ٶȳɱȥ
Ѿ˵ԣɫ䣬һֻ޲Լл
лȻɱ⣬ȻŵҪתߡ
Ƶ磡

ȻˣʵֻҪ׷ȥ㹻ɱʶлһ½ٶȷӵޡ
ˢ
ٶȷӵ⣬ĵز綼Ҫѷɫ綼ҪȻʧɫĵزһ
ٶùŽ峤ͱӦûüҪ˵ˡ
أ
лһȭǰġ
ǰٶ֮£֪лĹص㣬ɾûȥֻĿűһȭС


1784  ˭ս
ȭͷδš
ϵĹȴһ춯˶ܿĹ籬ѣˡ
ҪȻܡ
һжûĿлһĵģʬ建Ʈ䡣
ǿһʱ鱳Ļͳʹ˽
أ
ʬأͷһ
лһץ

ֶлȻɵǴû귽棬ȻлԼоܹһ꣬Ƿܹȴ̫ȷ
㣡
лһۿʱ壬ռʬһץ
һɰĹڳʬ档
һա
һ˻𴫳
ɷ걻ʬ壬лŷ߿ա
ϳȫ㣬ɷһҲܾʹ˻õ壬ɷһĻԻ͡лĵѡ񣡡
лĻ˶ɵһ
лȻҪշɷ꣬ҪΪ壬ǳɹһͷ
Ҫ˵ֻطˣ櫶¶һĨɱ
𣡡
ɷҲû뵽ȻгһѡؽԻͣǶջ
֮ǰҲֻǸĻᣬǳΪħģڸ񣬻δ֪ء
лȴ˵Ŀ϶
ǿ֮뵽лȫӼںϵɷҲȻĶ
ҴӦ㣡ɷͣ٣ѡ
ã㣬ȥָɡлֽ׸ɷ
𣡡
ɷɵ÷һϲ˻һھͽȥʼתΪԼ
ΪѾʵˣǿ̶ֳȣ¶û˸ȷ
ɷ̻һŹлռָ档
һжĿá
ûֻ𾪺Ϳ־塣
лڵתǹŽ峤ͱֵˡ΢һ٣ζ飬ȴģһζѰãҾͳȫ㣬ڱɱ㣬Ѫͳͳռ׳ʥ
˻
˻
Ҳŭˡ
ǿлնɱ֣Ҳûп־壬еֻǷŭƺлĸɱһ
˻Уϱ죬иǼһЩľŲʹ⻪ǾŲЧ
ȫë𣬷·һ
˻
ﻯһߣֱӳײȥǿһûκεıȫչ֡
ݣ
Žָ죬
Ž峤ҲŽңָʣ˽һһ⣬ٶȲѷɫ׷ɱǹŽֲֶΡ
նգ
˽һΪһ
һʱ佣⻮գƺӹѤöʵһĻ
߷䣬˺һ谭ҪһдݻٵļƣǿֲȻ٣ɱһ
һƱɱ
л쳤Хɱ壡
䣬ѳ
һҡճѺֲۣĹߣƺҪһ硣
ˢ
ٶ֮޵֡
һĻˣ˿쵽ޣʱȴˣûУֳ˶ǳḶ́ٶȴﵽޣĲӰչֵս̡
ҿлײ֡
ڹͱﻯĽ߼леһ϶һ´ԽȥӲǶ㿪һһǿĹ
ȥһ˲䣬лȻҲһץ
ž
һץסϸĲ
սӿκζǱı;ףлǿֲʮս֮£κεĿëͿսʼҲ޷ȭ׿⡣
ֻһ£лס˱Ĳ
ʵﱾѷɫлһЩҪ˵սѷɫʮˣ˼㣬лǱʮ౶֮ǿҪɱǾ֮ͣʶлԴлﵽʮս۷弶Ҳûн
쭵ı﷢һ˻Ƶ˻Ȼһ٣žһϢΣʱ̣ƴķ
Լ۷塣
ҪΨȫһд۵ĵֿ
ಡ
ɲǼ䣬ëȫûһ˿ëͳͳĸֵһ㣬Яű׺ݵĳлȥ
ƴһȡ
ˣʡ˷ʱǹķ𡣡лߵϵػ֣еķ׷׵ֶС
ϣػ֮ⱬѣлһץѾ󲿷ķ㱻ͳͳץסռָ
ץıĲӣлЦ㲻ȴڸģұȫ㡣
ɱңŲɱΪұ𡣡е
þŲʷвңҪǾŲʷһҪһ궼һ𣬺ο㡣лȻ
Ȼֹ
˶һֱǸ߰ŵĲӣȥȼŵıҲˣȫһëͺͺģϢޡ
ֻط˵ıﱻնɱ
ʬҲһ
еѪǺöлֱռָ
Ĵȥ
ΨйŽ峤廹ţվգĿлݺɱ¾裬ǹ°ĹҲо˿־塣
лֻط˿ˣʹ˽ɡ
лתȻֻطˣΪʲô
ǵĵˣֻط˵
ˣΪη˲֣ȴֹΪʲôھ֮ǰȴҪˣ֮ĶԹδ㣬Ȼֹⳡս𣿡лȻ

֣չֳлǿơ
ֻط˲䣬˭ʸ񣬿лǲǵʣ˼˵ġ
ǵĶԻ
Ŀֻطˣֻطν
ֻطȴĬˣûκλӦ
սǧɿգΪʤĽʧܣҽʧı۰򣬸ﶼˡ
ֻطϧȺսĳ嶯ɲпʵˣǾͻ֣վʤҲǲʤֳ֣ҲǱľ棬ֻͣǱﱻɱҲ֣֮ܳǰùŽ峤壬ԪҸֳָĴۣɹرл󣬶޼ƿʩ˻ھ֮󣬱лʱ򣬲ļѵʱ̡
壡лɫޱȣŹŽ峤塣
һΪ¶Щҵľ»عȻĿл˶ͬʵĹŽ
Ѿ֮ս
Ž屾л壬ϣԺ󲢼ս翹⣬˼һƽŽȻĸǵ߹עճɵˡлƽ˵һսȡͷԸǹŽĿʼ


1785  ˭սġ
°ĹɫκӰ졣
·ǧɽһ˿춯лǾŽĿʼҲδֺ
Ž壬ؼ䣬춷ض˶Ӳ䣬壬ҲҪս춷أ䣬ҹȨŽһտʼѾ֮⡣Ȼл٣ţŽУлһսҲǹһ¡
սȻ
ûΪֵܵӰ죬ƺľӵľ⣬սӵǿʢΪǿս
Ž壬ûث֡

ܵŽ峤ȻսӰ죬ǰݺŽĹŽĽһ֮֮ϣǧ֮·콵񽣣Ϊƿһ㣬Ҳ뽣֮Уƺ񽣡
Žͨ
峤˽һﵽµĹŽ֮ͨˣ
̫ʱˣŽͨ峤δػܣ
ǰĿлɱֱ֣Ž˶Լ峤ҲǲôõģǼһĻȴһʱ件׶ˡ
·𿴵˻ʤϣ
ֻط˿һĻҲЩ㵣֮¶һ˿ڴ
Žͨǽļ£һϽչ֣еľֻҪﵽŽ֮ͨҪһǾһһڽΪΪ棬ϣﵽġ
Ž壬Դӵ뽣Ϊ飬󱧽ᣬҲΨйŽ˲ܹΪ˶Ψ֪ĹŽͨһĽµı֣Ȼ緽治Խ⽣·ӳ֮ͬУܹŽ֮ͨ˿ߣң
лҲɵöԹĿ࿴
û뵽˾ȻΣ֮£ͻƣﵽŽ֮ͨ
ŹŽͨߣΪ񽣣һһҶɳΪɱ޼᲻ݣ˼£ܹԼΪΪؼ񽣡л˵ܹҼŽͨİҲ֮
йŽ֮Ϸƶ
ŽͨԿΪĶ·ǿеƻǧ⣬ǿ绯޾Ľ꣬һһľһһҶΪȫڹƿ֮У˸ͬһ޼᲻ݵ񽣣йŽڡ
򽣹ڣ
һ֣ǹŽͨչʾֶΣɲǼ䣬ؼһоԻ񽣣ɾĽ⣬ÿһɢľйŽ֮УʹǹŽƻͨ켶һ̳
ŽΪؼΨһ
Χڣ޲ΪǹŽǶȥģһߵһľľڣʶ˵ľŽͨĹʵѾﵽֵزȻʮս۷弶ҲѾ߱նɱλֵʵ
Žʧɫ
ĹŽ˸ȣ𵴹۷塣
ױȵһлž޲ĺгֳ۸ǹŽ
˷·УǹŽ֮ڣӦ˹ŽİŽ
һĸоͷ

񵶲
һԵ˷֮дло񵶵˷ܣһȻĵ͸
̼ܵı֡
ĹŽ͸Žͨں򽣹һֶΣﾫɵһȻʹŽֱͨ켶ĸ߶ȣ˷ܴ̼˸ܡ
ŽһҲ޷ǿֲб
ڹŽ֮ǰ޿ɵֵǿ
л˫ĿĶŹŽԺиƾոֵռһʦҶµɲǷϰ壬غԼɲǷ˷Žںľɵһ
һ˿ļʡ
һȻһɲǷĻϣиɲǷĸо
ž
л̽ץס񵶡
һĵ񱩵ĵ⣬һǰսںһ۳лƥĵ
ݣ
ԥĽǿĶʩչ
ûʲôݵľеֻ޾ĵɢ䣬Ӷľ뵶֮У֮ϡ
ɲǷһָ
Ťתĸ
л쳤ХӭϹŽصնȥ
ɲǼ䣬쾪ض
һѹŽأǻգβ貣˽ļ£ͳ˽İ壬Ϊ
һϵأͬŭ콵µѣ˵İνһ֣С
ֽȻͬİ͸չֳĿãҲ٣ǲ֪ܹٸֳ
â켣Խռ䣬ٿȻײ
Ǿͬߵײ
ŽͬĴںݺݴ̻£йŽ⣬ײһĨ貵Ĺ⻪ٿȻɢǹâʤʮ򣬽Ŀĵط
ȴûκεը
ΪǵѾڵ֮ϣɢȥ˷һߡ
ž

۾ȥÿ˵ͷŹֵĸֳһ棬ǹŽĵǰΪĩ
񵶵ǳȥ
ˢ
ͬˮˢһ㣬ǹŽ峤屻ǵһӶûʣ£ͳ׵ʧˡ
Դ޹ˡ
һ֮նɱһС
⻪ɢȥ

ÿ˶۾ĿÿУл˫ֳֵؼ䣬˫Ŀ΢գһ˿Ц⡣
˲֪˿̵лڸ򷽲һ
һܹʩչģܵ򽣹ַ̼ģȻٶһ۷壬ǳΪɲǷĻ˵һ춨лճɾɲǷĹؼڡ
֮⣬һս
ӳļ䣬ף֮İ֪ںĹؼлпǣɲǷǾ˫˰ȻҲɽۣ꣬ʱ壬ռ壬ȵȾܹС
Ҫ֪ۿʹ꣬Դ൮ǰ嵱Ҳ֪Ϊ꣬ͬʱߣΨлҶ崴ɲǷȻҲ߲ܣںϸɫһ壬ɾɲǷ

лһǷһҲޱȵã˶һƮƮɵĸо
սа
峤
Ϊ峤𣡡
ԪҸֵԪ˲жҪֻط˵ɫ£ҲˣʹȺף˸춯׷ѹɹŽ岻ͬ
Ǿǳڷ壬ͬŹŽ·񣬲ı䡣
ĿùŽͨɴŽ۷壬ȴҷŽͨĹŽܡ
ڱߵǣ˹˾ġ
¡¡
ĹŽ쳤Хأһʱ䣬ⷽڶı⣬Ƿ磬ƣƺǵıߡ

Ž׷׳ʡ
ͨ͸ؼ䣬ϿΪһױȵĽ⣬佣֮ǿԽ˷ŵĹ塣
Ž˱֮£ȻչֳһֿƥĽ⡣
ۣγɵ޼᲻ݵӲǽԼǿƵּң¼ҺԪҸͳͳıˣ޷ǰֳһƬ֮أֱӶѹڴ˵ˮ壬ĸ֡


1786  ˭ս塿
Ž޳ܣ
ɱ
Ž壡
ķҲŭˣǵ࣬ǿοлһƿʥˮˮϦ
һͬľ춯أױȡ
ǣΪʥеĿʥ֮չֳһѪڣս߰Ҫһսйеķ
ʶһŽƣͳͳıս⡣
Ǳ˴˼ʶǶǷʥǵģŹͬĿ꣬ǿֲս⾹ȻҲ˴ϣ۳һأɱ¾صϾˣգǷɢ֮
ˮϦΪ巽³庫־ң˲Ϊ߶һˮת졣
ǺȻˮϦ֮ʥˮ
ʥˮԽ֮ˮͼʥˮҪܹӳȫҲþͷȻġ
˷ķ۵սǽʥˮȻȫ汬Ȼźܳľ룬ҲǼʮ֮һ
ʥˮʮ֮һͷʮ֮һ
ʾͷʮ֮һεǿ󣬿¾ּһģʥˮ̺ŵôĿֲ
䣡
ʥˮ죬ȴ
ڸ߿֮ӰǱһţκϵлĶͨ޷ǣ۶޷ǡ
Щ˺Ȼ֡
֮ˣ䰵Ҫ͵Ϯǡ
ֵǣɱ
ҪôûɱŽġ
䰵ȴʥǷļ£ǿֲʥˮתƷ򣬳Щ֡
ȻҲû뵽ݱ䵽˵ز
ǾȻᱻ֡
Ҫ֪ǶõĿ˼еطƷŸлۺĶͨ޷ĵزϧǧ㣬˭Ҳû뵽ˮϦʥˮᱬ
ǵַǿʥˮҲȻ
һ¶ˮϦתƷ֮ˣ˽Žˡ
ɱ
һĺдȺд
Щ֮˼̷ŭֳҪӲʥˮ֮
䣡
ʥˮ߿պȻɢһƬˮĻֱӽָƺˮϴȥ
˼ĸ졣
Ҳ׼Ҫһսնָɱ
ˢ
ʥˮˢٿա
һƬʣƣɾĺƱһ㣬ûаѰֵټǺ·ָδֹ
ǷȴǸо岻ѡ
ֵû˻ɡ
Ǽʥˮһ㷴֮ûУһɱ׵ɢؼ䡣
ʥˮ֮ǿ˹
ǿֲҲٶΪ֮Ȼ׷þʥǸ֣۷ˮϦ
ʥˮǻ޷ǿˮϦ츳ߣճɳҲǱȻģֻҪܹҲ˵ˮϦгһգȻܹͷǲġ
лһս춯أѹһ
ʥǸһսһĨɱ֡
һжˣʥǵֱ߷壬˵һսıҡڲ֮˵ѡȻȻͶʥǣǣ֣֮˶ѡתͶʥǵġ
ɱ
鼤ʱһ
лԣɫȻһ䡣
ʥˮ֮εȿֲںǧ֣Ҳľ޴ģϾЩ˳ȴˮϦʵǿҲʮսʣо󲿷ֲͨսʵľ磬һ֮ľ޴Ҫһʱָġ
ʱ˿̣һǿȴ޷ۼ
Ǵʱ
ɭɭһɱ֣ѾΪʥˮѹȵͷĹŽȫƥһɱ֣ȻųΪ貵Ĺ⻪ĽٶȼǸֳһ档
ף
лɱ֣û뵽ֻط˾Ȼ׺ݣȫ˼ԼݣӲٵĴ˾٣˼ԷĿ仯ĿǻԵ
ϾʥǸֿǸոɱ֣ȴҪ֮ΣԸʥҪûûҹҪϣҪŽᣬһ¶⡣
Ҫ˵˼֣Ϊ׵ĵħ֣ҲԷľٶǿҵķС
һ壬һ壬޳֮ȣ
Ƿʵдա
˿ǿʥǣܵ޴вķ壬ȻȻѡΪԼǡ
ƥĽ⣬޵еס
Ȼ˭ɵֵ
ǹŽ˵ޣ֮£Ծɿ֮λֵϣټ׵ǿ󵽺̶ֳȣ֪
ʥˣִ߷ʥˮ֮ڣοܣ
ŭŭŭ
лŭˣδ˵Ϊϧʮ۵ǲϧʥǹȻѣ֡
ߣ
ŭ쳹أ
лһ֮ӰȻΧǺȻ֮һûʶУƽˮҺ̬캧ˣǿıɱֶΡ
籩
üһ㣬⻪һ
һ籩ھۼ̫Һ̬֮תΪΣɾת籩ͬص磬ֱԻ̬ǹŽƥĽ⡣
лʤ
ʤ
һģЩûΧǣһΪлΪ˼һӣȻ֮ǣĿʥǸΪֶģŽȴûԸʥ֮ˣ˵ϣǺȻľͳΪʥǵ֧ߡ
˵źͬľ춯أ̺ſֲǽⶼһʹùŽ˶ЩǱѹ
˽֮Լ
Я׵Ľ⼴һߣԾɿ¡
䡭
籩ײƥ⡣
졣
񵺳ַѣⲻǵѿ϶ô򵥣һײͨ죬Ӳǽɷ̨Բǧ׵ķΧڣӲıѣӶΪһС졣
ѣŲ档
籩ϯ⣬Ȼ顣
ǽ۹Ž֮վǹŽû֣ǿʮս۷弶ĸҲڻ䣬Ƿ䣬ʹλδλ
лҺ̬Ȼ߶ĺޣ֮Ծܹɨλ֣ʶߵ
ǿһЩɢĽ⣬Ծɾ޼᲻ݵɱһеֱ̬ȥĿԾˮϦΪ׵ʥ۷֡

֮𣬱ŭл񵶡
ļսҲľ޴󣬺츳˲Ϣָ
ֻһ䣬Ȼָ۷״̬
޶
ݣ
лǿĴںϣҪ߼͸޶İ
лĿ亮âɱ졣
ն


1787  ˭ս
׵â񵶺Ȼն¡
̺߼жǿлҲҰٷְٵȷϾʵѾﵽʮս۷徳磬ʮսȻ
ֻط˸һͣһ̺ʮ꣬ר׵ĺҲŷ
Ŀʥˮֻ֮طǵϣϧһд۶ҪɱЩʥǸֵģʶлҲĳ֡
֣ҲӭӶϡ
¡
ųƷһе뵶ײȻֱӾͱһĨײˣĻ꣬߶ڹŽ˾ۼĵط
Ҫ֪һȼһС
Ž˼̼н֮һճɻҽʧء
ĵֻط˸ſһѪҲܵ˼ǣˣҲ֮
һ¿ֻط˾岻ѡ
лȻǽ׵׵ͨͿشףҪεĶ
һףŽС
̼䣬жʮ˱նɱ
Ž˷ʩչһͬĵǷŵľٶȴ׼ŭл
壬֮ǰԣ֮òǹŽĿʼ飬ۿŽɣлȵ
־ʳָ
ɱ֮ױ
ɲǼ䣬ıŵ滯һĻߣͬϸСһӽǹŽ˸
߷ɱ¾޷
Ž壬󲿷˶ǣеսǿȴۼڴ˵أǰľ޴󣬴˷εֿлɱ¾
Ļ߸֮£Ž˷׷ױնɱ
ǰ󲻹һӶѣǹŽ˱ͳͳĺʬڵأһһء
Žսϸ־Ը
ôŽҲˣϾУս֮ǰûսϸ֣޷ȥ
ֻʱ⡣
һսųƵһǿĹŽսӰνԶ
лվ¾ǹŽʬ壬ܣĿӹֻطˣ櫵һ˵ȣ˭ս
ʱսѾﵽ۷塣
һȣʱʮֻط˷ĸָεѣǱġ
лָ˸ֱӡ
˭ս
ڳţӦ
лĿֻط˵ϣĵˡ
ֻطһƽϢľ֮֮ڣȴδǲ֮˱Ȼڶ񵺵ĳǴӦһ¶⣬н֮ˣ
Ȼת˻⡣
Žһ¶˵ǡ
ʱ˵Էĳֻطȴţδ
лֻطˣûɱ֣ߵʥǸַʩչʥˮ̫֮󣬷۷巽棬ֻʧŽ壬ּң¼ңԪҾ㶼ڳʵǿһ֣ʥǷٱΧ˵ľ档
Ҫһɾȴ
Ҳãҷ̫󣬾ͽ½ˡлǿųֵĳ嶯ҪΪ˿ǣһ֣ȥ
뿪֮飬ûȥˡ
ս֮˲֪ʥǷȻ׾ѣ˵Ž壬Ųʷ˷ܷͣһδ֪Ͼ̫ˡ
ΪȫפˮפʮҸֽפפأ˾ǷʲôģսۣҲӦһȴԮ
ͻڳ˼ֵ顣
Σ»ռ֮лЧһ־ļ֮־֮ǰĵжͶѾȫƣֻʵˣʶ󲿷ֶڻиޣڻҲ˸ȥϾһ˿ɵֿġ
Ψ
ɱڣвģĻ·ӷҲʼȫ٣Ϊлصҵӿռڵϵֽפ
æµ죬лŰ齻ȥ
磬һսѾ䶯˼磬𺳵ǣڹŽض񵺵ĸֱ֮йŽͻȻһҹ֮㶼жû֪˭µĶһʵǹŽ峹ˡ
лȻ֪¶߾磬еΪ
һ屻ʥ壬йŽ屻ʥǵѾﵽǰδеĸ߶ȣѹ
ǲǣֻط˹ͨŲʷ֮󣬾ȻûκλӦδﱨоƹҲδң·һжعƽ
˶оһɰӿ
л͸ƴϢ֪ȻսıԵԶͨȻΪϧƹ췭Ǹ֪ʲôþŲʷƽϢŭ
ҲлʶԶͨͼı֮ԶԶ֮⣬νʥ磬һɣֻǱ棬ĿģӦ¡
ֻĿ»޷֪ˡ
л϶Ͷ˵ĿռڣЩӣѾ𽥱ռա
ռڵɽˮͼȻΪģڻУռһϵء
˵
Ҳڽ
ΪһλʦٶͬޱȣʵͻͽȻӽŽսʵʵ
츳õıأ˵δɾʦͷҲǲܵġ
ͬģ϶ҲǼٵš
õϼҲгһճɾ;ͷǱ
˻ۣء
Ůлм֮ף׽ˣҲûʲô϶ǱǵõϿɣίΡ
㼱ǰʲôҪϢ𣿡лڵ
ȻһЦô϶ҹҹ
϶ԣͨ죬㣬˵ʲôأа
˵ûУˡһ϶۵ЦǺǵĵļɣźͣҲðѹƣҪгɣҪԼΪͷɲô׵ģǧգԳ°Ҫ֪Ǳɾ;ͷĺֹɾߣȴ޼
϶ɫһ϶ˡ
лԣҲǵͷѣ˵ʥǣ˻Ϲʥź֮࣬ȴܹɾ;ͷڴ֮ǰİǰأͬˣǲ˵ǱǳɹǱ츳ֻǻһǻۣȱһɣоܷȥ
УҲѵġ
϶ҲҪģõļԣɾ;ͷҲֻʱ⣬ҲΪˣؽΪЩͷжд̣ҲʥУȴ֮⣬ͷǵǵ֮һԺ£мǽСġ϶ͷӦŻһתЦҪǰҲǸһĺϢ


1788  ɵһ
ĺϢ
л϶һۣܱ˳ƺģһǾ춯صĴϢˣǺ£ҲɵһЦ
ǻ˵ӣСҴƨƨлһƣ˳ֿ͡
һۣǷֵģǵлһȡ
Ϣأ죬д˴Ϣʥǡ˵һ٣лֹץסƣЦ˵˵˻Ȼɾ;ͷ֮Ҫ̫ɵ򣬴ɷֶΪ
ʲô
л϶ͬʱվ
˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮
Ǻεȼĵ飬һֱʥǿǿƣʵ˶֪û𣬳ͨ죬ͷĴڣʥǾ޸֮Ƽʱܱɵ¶Ҫ
Ϊ˾ӵпռ磬ȴΪڼԵʣ޷ȫУ֮ڸ߲㣬ʼţﵽڲűɱǰֻ֪ǿƵʥǱž޴ûжǿߵ֧֣ʹվͬ޸֮Ƽ
˻ʣʵ紴·ǳǿûоͷԾȻοֻʮĴ˼ҰȣҲһϣΨоͷֱͦˣܹзץסһġ
˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮ʥǱҲ֧֣Ȼ֮ͬǰǰ㣬ǿƣʵСˡ
Ϣ׼ȷл
ָлգȻм٣˻ʵȷɹˡ
лѹ縺̫˵ϣҲƣѹʱ޿̲ѹȵ͸
Ψ˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮𣬲дϢĻᡣ

лһ˷·𶼱ޱһصȼᣬԷʥǰΣȫĸĸо
һ㣬㻹˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮飬֪˷ǳ٣ܳȴʺϹʥʣֻԼˣ֪Ҳء
ɣ˻ʳɾ;ͷεʢͷлȵĵ緽ȴصĵͷͷ򣬸Ŵĸ֣һɾ;ͷ֮𣬾Ȼܹǣôܡ
ЦϹܾǵС
лȻ
ϹܾῪܾҲĵطµϹؾε棬˻гɾ˻֪Ҳ⡣
˻ʼɳɾ;ͷǺʺϹʥأлʵ
˻ʣʺϹʥʿ˿ѷɫģ˻һֱǴڻΪᣬ˵ʵӦҲѷɫٲǡ
ҡͷȴֻ֪֪ϹʥѾˣħ磬䱾ϹؾڿޣƺҲǳͷΣ֪ħ磬˻ʵΪħǰ׼ģоǣƺҪħһ֮ɵ׸ʲôҲ
ħ磡
лĳȣ״ħĿ
ħѾ繥ݣǵħֻڣҿ櫵ı֣ûе޼ҿɹ˼µħҲԼأܼϹʱ߳ƵĴڣ
ħڽһ׳Ĵ󶯵
Ҫȥħ磬ӺʵɣǺʵڻĻԵǰٶȴϢɷ񵺣ҲҪ뺣ʵڡ˵
лüëһƶ飬һԶͣδйĴεĶζϵشϢֹ
˾ֻһֿܣʵǷ
Ȼʲô˵ķ֡
лֹ뺣ʵҲܿҪҲżʱ򣬶Ȼ뺣ʵ浽ʲô
ʲôϢл
֮£ΪС£壬ŮѾʥ֮飬ġ
֮ԣƽ棬𺳲ˡ
Ҫ֪壬ŮҲǿ壬пµ֧֣ƵԵǿȻǿвֵһС£ʥ֮ǿ󣬿ɼһߡ
лͷҲȷûȤ֪ʥǰҲΨǣ֣ʥǿֿܹҲǿˡ
ҵиķ֡
лĿ½һŮգû˵ȴǸпܵ˼ˣ޺
Ǹол⣬ĿһĨ⣬ַлУڽռ·һ޴󷨣Ǻֻδ̽顣
·ѵϹʥµģлɻ
Ҳˮͬȵܹ潨󣬿ɷǵеġ
˵϶ռлǴ·
϶Ȼû顣
õ⣬Ҳɽģſռڵɢǰܴġ
лʩչ½
лǿ·ʩչȻҲǲôף˵Ǳļ仺
˵Ҳż
Ǳ㻺ǱͬʱлҲʼſۡ
Ž峤һսʵİԴ꣬Ƕл˵һδ֪ĶҪȥ̽ʶڿ۱֮ǰ׵ĶˣȴҲ뿪ܿġ
ž޲ֹˮ
ĺһֻ۾ؿ
ȥʮӣлǿۿʮӣǱľҲİ׶ѡ
طлһǧˡ
ۿԲǧڵһжлĺ֮УϷ϶ռһӦȫ·Ҳֳһ޴Ŀռ䣬аҵľ룬һǳ޴Ŀռ䣬Ψһ󷨣ƷκεĽƷûС
ٹӣڵǵط
ռڵһ˲䣬һϤĸолͷܣȻϢӦǽ֮µİɡ
ȷʵˣ˵Ϣ⣬һ˿ͱѽȻ෴Ϣ˵Ҳˡְڶָ裬ƺһ˿档
лˣ֪˭ˣϹʥʣӦǰػ֮
㵵
˵ؽε֮ѣҪｨһ󷨸Ѷȴĵزĺġ
лҲпǰػ֮ţУϧ̫˽ãˣ˿¶ѾɾͲϾ˿Ҫɵġ
ѾΪɱڣʦҿǸʲôõġл˵
ϸĲ


1789  ɵ
һ󷨣ƾĴǣԨ֪ʶȻоһһҹǽ̽󷨵һ
˷ʳоҲЩġ
ĶͷϾϸܵĺˮƣ֮ɫоǾϲ֮ɫ·һ㡣
лһԣͷһ˿ϧֽ뻳УĶƴǻеʱ䣬㲻֪ӣ۵ġ
İĻ˿˿ģлĻУĿĵҲǱˣ԰ء
ҲУ˯һȻолЩԵĽ뻳Уȥо󷨡
ɵĿлУ˰ԵľٶŵŨŨ⣬һЦľˣǰԵлǱһ£˵̫£ҵİ֮Ҳģûо͸֮ǰҰϢǧѵġ
֪˵ʵл͸˵˵ɣҲһ£ȻȥоȻĻСҼҷź򡣡
ҷһ漴һЦһ̽л˫֮䣬ͷɲء
òĻлҪƵ
олı仯֣ǻǹأʵʵ˵󷨣Ϊֹоְƾǰػ֮ǿţبδе˲Ű
˳ޣ¾ЩνľͷǣҲûʸɣ˵ɣҵĴˣ󷨵кεȰ֮лҲ˵ľһ̫ˣŮ֮ҲȺ飬֪λʦ֮ͨ·ȻǺֵƳġ
һ󷨾Ƴ磬ɼǰػ֮ôĲ򵥡
߽ĵ󷨰һǧ˰ʮÿһƥͬ׸вκǿߣʦа֣ɺ磬Ҳ㣬۳֮󣬾Ȼӵ˸ãյȻҲ޷ʱڲ͸ܽ͸Ϊͷʦһ̹;
ôǿϧŮѾˡлĵ
ϧģѳɾ;ͷ֮Խͷ֮𣬶ûпܵġϧĵ󷨼ȫڣܲ͸ؿʵԸˡ
лЦֺηˣ츳͸ֻʱ⡣
ָһлıǼ⣬ǲƨ
ƨƨƨɲƨл۵βѣЦĵ
΢죬͸󷨣һһյģֻʱ䷽棬Ҫࡣһ£˵оݷ֣⽫ǧϣһ־ȡһ塣
壿лһ£嵹ǿ⣬ػ֪֮Լ״̬֮ǰʥˮףҲļ֮£ʲô˼ˮⲻôе𣿡
Уһָ󷨵ϲ࣬㿴ɵڣϢҶ϶Ӧþľ
л˫Ŀһľ
ľԵǿǱγѶȸġ
ľû¹ʲô˵
ľлĵ
ǰ飬ɶ϶ľҸ󷨵İжϣľڶ񵺣ڴ˵Ϸ򣬴һٶĵط
פϷһٶλá
лԺиֳ񵺵ĵͼ˵ϺϤǴµĵòܹճġ
һ͸ֳһɽȵӰ
л
㷢ʲô
һлȷľ
ȷϷһﵽһٶʮ֮䣬Բд󡣡϶Ļش
ǲǡл
ɻĵǣ˭
лʥ壡
ǣҲһȡ
ȷϹŰ˴󳬼壬𣬽壬Ž屻壬ʥǣʣµľֻһʥ塣
ʥ壬˼壬һƵ壬еƣҲ°빦ʵ塣
лʥ峤Ҫ񵶣ߣ붫֮û뵽Ȼͬ伣һûмǵӰлǰ峤˲þǰնɱһۣҲûʥӰǷ·ʧһ
δ룬ʼ䲻Ȼռľڵĵط
һ㣬δ뵽
лһǺйذɡ
˵ͷ
ȻˡлɫҲƣⶫ񵺿ͷżܹͷųŲʷ˿Խ񹬣ƹԽԶͨʲôڿľľʥסľȴδκ飬ʥԶͨڵرĴˡ
Ӧòд͸¶ľǿģҲˣʹ巽湦ܴɵġ˵
лۣľʥ壡
ȻΪԶͨ˼ĴʥҲԲƱô򵥣ϵħĸڣǿģ¾ԶͨصĵͷȻˣԶͨ˼ο˵ʥ˵еڼ鶼ˣΨߺͱĴʥǣȴʼҲ˵һ㣬ԶͨԲô򵥡
忴ǿƣʥԾѷɫһߡ
ʥڰвٿžƵݱ䣬һʥʲôǿƵķΧͿܳ֡
Ҫȥʥפؿˡл
Ķͨ˫Ҳ֪ʺǰȥһ̽ģл˿ܶ޷
ҲãҪСĽȫһʥȻ֮Զܹͨͨľ֮ǧ򲻿ɴ⡣
İɣҲû㰵д롣лЦĻлкܴյģϾľܹԶͨϵģҾ԰ݷõ̬ǰȥӦò֪ݱ¶飬Ҳҵġ
΢һҲͬˡ
˱飬ǰȥʥݷã쳣ܹ̽ʥǳԼľľ
׵ش˵أ󷨣л뿪׼ǰȥʥ忴һ˱ơ


1790  񹬡һ
ƣϹʥʵĺ֪˵ĳɾͿƾͬ󷨣ҲǷСģֻҪаȫʥڣɾ;ͷ磬ʶϾ
˷ͻȻפأѰлҲʵлһ¡
аͨȷа鲢ûʲô£ŰģƵһڣǰѰҺ£
ܾˣȻûټСӣûΪʲôûϢƲʡ
ڱƵл̫ˣԼԶ׼ڵĿռиһ֪̽
л·һܵأи
ѹ֡Ҳû׷ʣ㣬зڷ񹬵·ƺѹһǳµ꣬Ųף̫ɱѾֲ˶ãҵжϣܿǿߡ
ǰҲ֪ˡлȻ
Ȼ֪
л㽫򵥵˵һ飬˵ҵжϣڷ񹬵·ܱܿѹ
ˣ˵أȻܹþŲ׺̫ɱǼƣѾ൱ʱ䣬ܹʼռֲѾﵽͨλǰͷĵزܾȳǻżġ˵
ͨλͷͨ۷徳磬ֻһĲ࣬ʵʮǧЩ˿ް꣬Ҳ޷ͻƣԽǵ
ʶͷ٣ͨλǰ̤ǰȴһЩЩʵǿͨλͨ۷壬ʶΪͷֻҪԵˣʱܿͨ۷ͷġ
ҪҪӳ顣л
񹬿ɲһȥ
˵Ƿ£ƣܹŲʷϵŲΪ֪ĸ֣Ͼܹǰּң¼ҺԪң˭Ҳ˵ǷĸǱǰģڷڡ
ʶ񹬣򲻵ѣܲȡǿȻǳɹҲʧأ֮˿ɳ֮
лƶһԣˮϦǵ񹬡
ѡˮϦԭʥˮоˮϦʵѾȷȷʵʵĿλ磬ʵǷĴ߶ʥˮڷڣҲ÷ɵֵġ
վڷǰˮϦͲ·򵨱ûɱ֣ǿɲֹһôˡ
ϦȴŮͬѨһ°лЦ
ˮϦεҡҡͷ벻ףлԸܹѸ٣ɾ֮ߵģЩ޵ˣԿ
ⲻ֪лս֪ж٣ǽսģ̶ѨǷҰˣԼ״̬ﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣܹӦ䡣
Ž壬Ȼģﱻ֫⣬ֺöʥãǺ죬һ㶼ģˮϦ̲סѯʵ
ġлʼ磬ܾǣҲţܹסңǼȻ֪סңһ뿪Ȼڹõİ취ǲҽ񡣡
ˮϦܹŲʷ˽йͨ
лһ˿ЦŲʷˣߣҵڴĳ֡
ǾŲʷֵܹĻͱɱˣ㱻ɱĻĿܾǣŲʷ˾Աͬھ
ʶлڴŲʷ˵ĳ֡
лѾˮϦҲ˵ʲô
½񹬣ֻҪлСĽϾʥˮ壬ڵĴ½ػˮݣѾʥǵĹǸɣȻʥǵĹлҪעⰲȫ
лϲ֮䣬ѰͻƣǱ
˳ڷ񹬣ʱ䶯
ǰлֻط˷Ҳǹˣǻڵȴֻطڸû뵽ֻط˷ʼûоٶлţ̾˵Ĺע
еĿⶼ
˶ɳߣǰעһʱ佫Ϣݻȥ
ոհĶٶ밵ӿС
û˿أŽա
лˮϦվǰǽյĹŻؿ˵̤񹬡
һ񹬣ǹżйرգ顣
̤񹬣һεȻɱУһɳĸоܾŸ֣ʱ׼ɱˡ
лˮϦɫȻ˿ûнϡ
ȻȻ׼
ڷƿصּң¼ҺԪңѾ壬ĸѹ޷顣
ڷˮҸҲ׼һ£̱ɱ
𿴷ǿƣʧȥŽǣȻ߱ʲôơ
ֻطˣѵ׼ɱȥ㣿ĻҾԲܾģ϶Ըл˫۱磬Ȼ˵
ɱҲ񹬵¶轵
Ҫ񣬴˵ؿɲɷ̨ҷ񹬣
ߣ
һʱ䣬˷ŭȲϡ
һӰֳɫͻأ֣ÿһͷ˵϶ԼĻ棬ȼգһ㡣
лۿȥعȻ
Щֳķǿ߾Ȼл֮ǰδģÿһʵǷǷģյĻ棬Ҳвͬȴ൱£мͷ˵ĻѾ֮ˡ
£ֻط˳ǰȳ
֪лĺܹնɱͱһ㣬лԸɱеκһֻطڣȴնɱл¿ﱻɱ֮󣬾Ųʷ˵ķӦ֪ˡ
Զͨлǳбر̬ȡ
Ȼޣȴòˡ
ֻͷˣһǻǺɫĶˣһȫΪɫĽˣֻط࣬ıл
ҷкιɡֻطĵ
лȻ˵ġ
ֻطԭƽ͵ľʱӿ޾ɱϵҲȻʾķŭ
Ŷ˺ͽҲͷųɭɱ⣬ɫĻͽɫĻֱʣʹҲܸӦȻɱ
лΪҷ۸ҷΪУҷ岻Ҷ𣿡ֻطĵ

лָҡһ£˿Ϊͷͷųɱƽĵ˵Ҫˣ㣬ΪУ񣬻ԳݣΪѣʣһлҲģʣһβҶ֣ڻȣɱңһ˷񹬣忪ƣǰٰѣɱңȻ飬ƹ壬Σƽһսֻطȴƫģͼ֮Ҳգ㽻Ҳ˵ùȥΪһսʱȴɳ壬ԪҸ͵Ϯңҽնɱ֮ȴ߶ŽɱʥǸ֣ˣ鷳һ͡
ÿһ׮ÿһлڱ˭ÿζлսϷ磬ȡĺôʬ嶼Ӷȥˡ
˼֣ѹȥҲȥЩĵ飬ֻϣԺܹĺƽֻط˵
лԣĵˣ㻹ǰԵ


1791  񹬡
Լ޹̾˵¹ȥˣټƽϣôɱˣǷҲ˵ȥˣǱɱ֮˵˿Բټƽˡ
Եˣɼ·
һԼ׼Ϊ˼˵ĸܡ
Եҷˣ˵лʮǰ˻ʣݺ˼磬ΣϹʥʣţᴩŽ񣬷ɱ˼ͨͷ޼ƿʩεҲҪҷǰͷҪ˵һССлˡĵ
лЦִء
ɱ
һ֣͸޾ɱ⣬ǽ˵ĿбϵĽɫڸ߿۳һɱġɱ֣ʾɱ֮ʢ
ˣĴ𣿡лΪƽĿֻطˡ
۶˺ͽΣֻط˲ķߣСɵ¾ǼȴŲʷˣֻطҲȨߡ
ֻطĿϬҪ͸лһ㡣
ɲɵϡ
ʮǰʼͱʹ뿪򣬽ٵر˼磬˻棬Ϲʥ棬л棬ÿһζ˼ｻ棬˼֮Ǹ֮˼ά֮ݣǳܱġ
лҲɲô򵥵ġ
Ĳ˵ʹžŲʷˣžͷģ͸񹬣ܹŲʷ˵չһġ
£лȻֵûˡ
оǴ˷ٶȻⱾһǿʳ磬ֻҪʵ㹻Ҳռģοлջõĸ࣬ʧ֮
ǾŲʷˡ
ԶͨǳĴۣлɣȻֻط˲֪ԶͨΪˣҲףԶͨҲеߵģлٸҹ֣δػᱣǱʥҲܱˡ
һ㣬лҲ
ˡ
Ϊʲô
ֻط۾Ķл˼ת˼лĿģ˼ȥҲֻֿܡ
һ̽ĵߣϾžŲʷˣκεľٶҪǾŲʷ˵ġ
лۼ֮
ܣΨһܹҪҲ㣬ǵڶ㣬ֻطŷǳϿɡ
˵ĻǾҲδܹõϿɣлͬвӵۣõʵϿɣаϿɣеʵƿ߰Ϊ裬һжע壬ųȴͻƽͷ֮⣬û᲻лġ
лƿصǱ֮һһǿؽлս춷أ޿赲ġ
ڵһܣ̫󣬱ƽлӦܹǵ⼸ڣĶ
ˣĴ𣿡лٶȿѯʡ
ֻط˵ǣ
Ȼ֪лĿģҵģĿҪֻط˵Ȼʾ
֮ǰļļӽ֣˵ϵزҰܣصĴۣŽ壬ñ䣬Ϊ˾ŲʷȻԶͨõ˴ĺôƽϢŭ𣬿ǾŲʷ˶ȴǷǳʧˣôȥԺ󶼿ܱϳջףˣôĲ͸ˡ
϶лҵûѵлһѵҲŲʷ˱ʾԼġ
ô˵ǲһˡлĵ
ҪͣԣͷĶлｻǣȻؿͷϴ
ˮϦԣȻŭ
λȻһӾѹȵĶ˼ҪϢֵˡ
ֻطһӹѹȡ
лڰ֣ʾˮϦҪ侲ϸһĨõЦݣЦǺǵĿǰͷˡ
ˣ˵ĻҲ뷨ɶԣлЦеĵ
ֻط΢һҲ֪һϣֽһѪսĲ£һ˫ƴ̵ľˣһĿлһʱҲûпڡ
ģлеơ
һֻط˵İɡ
˻һлľȻһ˿ҲǹԼǰӦûᱻʵͼģֻû뵽ֻطô֪ˣֱ˵˵
Դ̤񹬣л۾Ѿˡ
Ҫȳɲô򵥵ģȾʲôط񹬿Ƿǳ֮ģܹһСУɰˡ
ǽ֮лȴʼûз
ǧ׷ΧڵһУǧ֮ڣټҲͱлõ֮ĵطҪôûҪôڵһǧ׻Ҫĵط
Ѳ滹ѹһͷһ治֪ȻˣҵҪˣΪαѹƺûȨѹɡлϡ
֮仹ҪĨ𣬱˴˵뷨ҲûȤֻطߵҪҿ׵ĸ㣬룬ԶͨԳҲܣ㻹İɡ
лƺǴбɱ֮ĵģѾǿ󵽼پͷˣˣŲʷҲϾΨоͷʸŲʷ˸евġ
˾͸Ҫȳˡ
Ȼ˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮𣬿Ͼһˣͷο磬ͷ
˼ʥǣоͷǲĿ޼ɵ
лӼᶨҪȳ뷨
˵һ飬ҴĿֻһϣһͣΪʲôҪӶĶɱ֣ͣԴΪɣҪ뿪ǲܵġлڳһ¶ĵģý;ݡ
ֻطЦѣװͦߵãҸͣҵĴΣ
лһЦȻϴˣǾһЩױԴ֮ɣǾͳˡ
Դ֮𣬺ã㣡ֻطߵױԴֱֱ֮ķл
ɣ
ܸ
˺ͽҲû뵽ֻطͻȻ׷׳ֹ
ֻطҡҡͷһĨЦıԴ֮ǰ׵õģ͸㣬ûȥûδ֪ء
ױԴ֮лҲЩ㶡
û뵽ֻطĸ
϶ϾܹһԵĶֵģпܳͨ쾳ģ˵͸أֻҪн񹬣̽ˡ
ֻط˾Ȼͬˣ״лļƻ


1792  䶯˼硾һ
ǳļƻл񹬵ģĿǲܺͷĿս˵Ŀ֣Զ֮ͨԱҲܵģΪʲôնɱѾˣлǲս
ǧ㣬û뵽ֻط˾ȻһʶлĿģȻױԴ֮޼ƿʩ
һԳΪͷĳǿߡ
ױԴ֮
ȣɵ϶֪ļֵԶǱԴ֮һٱҪࡣ
ױԴ֮лǸˣΣ˵ǣЩԴ֮ͳͳ͸̺ĻǶ˱ȻİǸãܷӳãεǿûнˡ
ѵҪս
ɱʥǿǣ֣ļ룬Ҳƽɫܾ˵Ľֺ֣˵ϣġ
ⲻʥǵĸ档
͸㻷ƷױԴ֮лĿֻط˵ϣֻǼڽ̵Ŀ⣬Ȼ˼ҾǿԼĿˡ
ӳɡ
л̾һȷСֻطˣܹ˻棬Ϲʥԣ֮֮ǰʧܣ۸ڶԭ֮ȴûôʧˡ
ȻˣҾͲˣױԴ֮ˡл˵ţ̽һץ
Դ̻֮һ
ˣ
ںϻΪһųҵĻţڿУɢ¶Զ֮𣬸񹬶һ󶯵
ֻطһĨ⣬ڵ΢΢һ
ҪñԴ֮лҲ֮һεֱӽ֣ӵĶ֡
ݣ
ǸոںϵױԴ֮һӻһƷɵһģȻлĺХϮлĺ
ͻı仯лˮϦЩֲ
û뵽ֻط˾ȻҪûɱˡ
Ҳлʶ±þŲʷ˶лб̬ȣǲȡʱɱ˵̬
Ҳ˵Ųʷ˵̬ȷ˸Եı仯
ԶͨرƽϢŭҲþŲʷ˲ֻط˵ȵرķıܿлˡ
һĹл࣬ȷ˾Ųʷ˵ĵߣһֱ̽Ҫץȥ
ʩչ
оԵơ
ָոյݳȥͿǻʱסлȻһץֻط˵ʱԼױԴ֮ʧȥϵֱʱ֪Ϊλʧȥ
ֻطͷٵתͷ
취һǿ˵̽лԴл뿪һǳû֣ڷڵһٽлնɱ
ֻطҪĸԵʱǶ˺ͽȴ֪飬Ƿֻǵõֻط˵ʾлô׵õױԴ֮ģֻطҲȷˣۼлܹƽ⣬Ǽıȥ
лҲ˼νǲҪû֡
֪Ÿ뷨ͷ˱㷢˻ɷڵɱ
ᣡ
ֻطѾл޼ƿʩֻѡߣ취û뵽Ȼ·תơ
һõĻᣬִƺõļƻ
лץסԴ֮ˮϦһۣ΢ɲһͷ
ಣಣ
ҲȻȥ
һ仯Ǵֻط֮⣬û뵽ͷ˾Ȼ֣лˮϦͬʱ֣ʱ֪˿ɲǶ˺ͽܹġ
˻
ֻط˼ٵķһ˻ҲҪ׳ֹ֣лˮϦ֡
ֻ죬л˸졣
Ƶ֮£лһΣǽײһǿĽ˴߶ɫ˻ɱȥ
ž
лûֱ̽ץȥ
ǽɫ˻浱飬ҲһӾͽ˵ĲӸץסˣս߶̼ý˻ʹȥ
һߣˮϦҲˡ
λ֣˲Ÿոմﵽʮս۷弶ߵĲ֮屶ټˮϦƿصĿʥˮǷӳޣҲǶ˻ܱġ
ˢ
һˮĻӹ
Ǻɫķ˻ʱϨ
ǿĶҲܳʥˮĽܿɲͨˮʱȫʹĸоӦˮϦץס˶˵ĲӣҲ΢˴ȥ
գۼ䣬ͷ˾ͱܡ
ֻطûü赲ɴ˿ɼлˮϦʵѾﵽ˺ֵزֻط˸еɵ
ҷڵߣ
˷ߣ
ŭĽ˷
ķ˴˷һʱȻϸɫķ˳Яǿķ˻棬ҪлϮɱ˼
ҪԣҪûǸˡлԴ֮һסˮϦ֣˶һͷˣȻһš

Ҫߡ
𣬷⣡ֻط˼״һ˫𶯣ͿǵȻðĻ棬һӸǴء
ͨĻ棬֮һļ֮ҪµĶࡣ
ʮֻط߱һȣѷɫһЩҲǷǿ֮һףŲ𲢼ģʮֻط͸̫ɵġ
˻һǷ񹬵¶ȱǧ
أ
лһŶأȴûǰһ㣬£һŽ̤ĳѺۣ״ʧЧ
񹬽һ㣬ͱ̶ֳѨ
Ҫ֪Դ֮лδʧЧڻ֮ǰбͳ˧µķ˻棬Ҳ޷ֹġ
Ŀ£ʾǷ
лҲ㷢ͻȴţҷ÷壬ΪҷΪҷ岻ɱ𣿡ֻطڱ¶һ棬ɱлۣ
˵ʱ˻
ķ죬գء
˾ٶʱٶ𶯶ڳˡ
񹬵ָȥҪ׷ʲô顣
ˣ㻹ǰԵӦױԴ֮ƽϢҵĶԹжҶ֣һû˵ʲôɶ˺ͽɱңڱ£Ȼ˵ʲôƣߺߣΪ޵񹬣лȻܹ뿪û˭ܹסҡл
Цҷ񹬣˵㣬лҲ뿪ֻطЦ
лһЦ㻹ǿ˵ֻط˼ֽ׶εرһ֣ҾҪԿ㵽ûд˵ô
Ĳ˵̣˵׾ǻ档
ȻԼģǹףƿصķΧ֮ڣʶлȻĲѷ


1793  䶯˼硾
˶ķˣÿһͷ˶һԼķ˻棬˴˶ǲͬģҲвͬǷĵطҪ࣬Ϳܵ൱Ļ档
ǵ֣Ȼǿ
ֻлҪļ
˶ķʩչķ˻ǰ˭ǿһЩأоҪ潻棬һ˽ⷴá
֪ɱֻطĻɲô׶ŭģƷŭı֮£ᣬȻռƣαҪлǴԼǶۡ
ԾһİջʤҲûгֵĴ㡣
һ£֡
˻˻˻
˻
ķ˻죬߿վۼһ۳һɫʵ棬ŻصƣֱӺɱȥ
˶ķ֣ɵȿֲлҲ̾ѡ
嵱ǿ
˻ںϱ¾ͷһܹģˮϦʥˮ춯
ɡлˮϦ֡
̫ǿˣ㡭ˮϦЩġ
лЦҪҴİ嶷
˵Żٶȳ֡

͸ۣͷںϼʱͿռսɾһʽ
һֻ޴ĿȥɵƸڸ߿С
ںϸɫ˻һҲ˲ϢƸץס

УǿˣҲĻںϣһʶһź̼ںϻ汬ǿ
лҲоǻڵı仯
ǻȻͣҪըлæޣһץͿһɵĹ
ء
˻̼ѿֱ֣˷ɢȥֻʣַ˻滹δ뿪ͱˣǲȴȻвл
һ嶼ˡ
ÿһͷ˵Ļ涼ǲͬģֻذΪģܹɵںû뵽ȻлˣǷĵơ
ֻطڰǰԶʥʺų˿֮ƥУһգŲʷ˺Զʥʷ˳ͻΣʱ̣ŲʷԾŲΪںϷʮ棬ԶʥʴսƽɫҲʮ˻棬ʶֶοǷ׵ĵȻƽˡ
ǿԶʥʶ޷ƽİ
˵סңұһˣҪ˺ͽˣǿҪǵıˡлһ˻ںϣҲܲѣ쳤ХһץסˮϦڿն
Ҫ뿪񹬡
Ȼˣ뿪ֻط˴ȵ
һ£Χ˷׷׵ĳһչſңȼգЩ˴˼Ҫγһ޴Ļ֣׵ĽлˮϦġ
ҪôˡлЦǣ
Ʒ磡
һʽ
һлˮϦôƾʧڷڡ
Ȼʲô˲ưٶȣѰӾä㣬Ȼͨ϶뿪ġ
ٶȳ֣лˮϦѾվ뿪񹬴Լʮ׵ĸ߿գҲİΧȦڡ
ôˡֻط˿һ׷ؾ¶˺ͽˣл
Ҳȳķɱȥ
лЦСǣƾǣ׷ң̫ˣ
ЦУʩչƵ磬ٵԶ쭶ȥ
ˮϦʼδٶ֣ѾʼԼʥˮ߷Ⱥһˡ
ͷǰ쭣Я׷ᣬǳ൱׳ۣ˺䶯
вãǰһɽ
ɽڳǵһɽҲǶߵһɽˣͬһֱƣľдУǿħ̾š
ɽǶɽ򶫺񵺶Ƕ񵺵
ˣڶɽ֮۵ǡлͷ˵
⣡
չ
лٶȷӵ˼ޣûκεһ˿ƵȻǼޡ
ˢ
ڷ׷У˹עУлˮϦ·һߣٿȻȥǧ׵ľ룬һӾͽ׵
ֻط˴ŭ˳ǶԷ䡣
Ǵ˷лǷɨء
˻
ֻط˿˻һҲȫ١
˽߳ɵػ񹬣һǶɽۣ֮ڷڷּң¼ңԪ򶼱ʥɳѹ޷ֵģΨз׷ַ֧ĸǰȥ
˷򶫺ɽԶԶعעŴµķչ
û֪лͷ彫ҪĶţǷǾѣʼսԸעĿ
Ƕɽ֮ۻм׵ľ룬ֻط˷ŭڱǱĺ紵侲˼»תòɣ
ˣ
뷨лգ𶯵ķԲǧԪһҵķ
лӰǶɽۣ֮°ף紵һϮ£ȥǰľ
ˣ
ֻط˼״ױ
ķҲ׷׵ͷų档
壬ıңգұҪ帶ۡл
ҷ壬˾һ壬˼硭ֻط̷
ֻһֻ֣ط˵Ļͣˡ
лͻأĳֽһ֣Щ˶һɫǾȫˮԵģкҸ֣ˣ壬壬оˮĸ֣
ƯڿУֱʵߵͶУʵǿվ߶ˣڵ׶ˣˮϦռ塣
ʥˮ
һ˲䣬ˣз˶֪εĿġ
Զ׼Ҫ߶ʥˮ
ˮϦָһ㣬һˮѸٵķŴ̼仯һа״ϸ׵ˮֵΧ
ãֻط˾ȵ
ʥˮ֮֮ǰѾʾˣһһɱʮ֣ʣǺε
ҵʱǴˮԵĸˮԸ»ǿġ
ˮĻ컪ˮϦ
裬죬˿Ķѣָңңһ㣬ŮһָǬ
ˮ̳ʣȻɢһƬˮĻڵԲǧ׵ķΧڣ塣
ˮĻ£޾ˮ֮£ķϻϨ
ֻط˸⵽ҪԴһƬʥˮ£׶ҪϨļƣҪ˵ˡ
һֻط˵ϣıԡ
ķ˾ۼֻطΪģ׷׵ı棬Ϊ۳һ޴Ļ򣬳ˮĻ
ˮϦһһ
ˢˢˢ
ˮĻɢǻһӱȥûлʥˮʥˮƻһΧȻ
壡


1794  ۣĶͨ꡾һ
ʥˮΪ״塣
ȫһȻ㿪ˣδʥˮ潻棬ֻط˺Ƿߺޣ˻һٶڻ㣬ȥ
⣡
ˮϦѸٵһ㣬ǺʥˮһƬʥˮ٣ǻδڻĻ涼ˡ
žžž
ʥˮ׷׵ҡЩˣһЩʵĸ޷ֿͱĻȥ
޷ۼȫ˻棬ˮϦƿʥˮһˮ֮˲Ȼʥˮˮ֣ͳͳֶ
ʹֻطҪ˻ҲȻֻԼƴֿʥˮֻеƤëĻ޷֮ģܿ˥ȥۿҲҪʥˮ
ˣҪĻˣҲֻǷӳһˣٸҷ㶯ʥˮǿʱ֮ͬһлĵ
֮˱ʥˮɱ˼ġ
û˵ǰʥˮ⡣
ͬʱʥǸֳΧػˮϦˣֹǰǶ֣¹ŽǸɹġ
һ壬л뿪˶ɽ
ĿҪʱ䵢飬ʩչͬһ㣬ٵʧ
ֻط֪лĿģȴҲ޿κΡ
ߺߣȥɣڷ񹬣ԹˣԶͨҲȲ㡣ֻط˼״ЦͬʱҲƣԶͨΪʲô˰лϧǰرƽϢŲʷ˵ŭ𣬸ǲƹ췢ͻʲô
ֻط֪飬ȻΪлǣνͷģһвɸ˵Ŀġ
»ع񹬡
ʱ˿̵ķڣѾûǰڵʱ򣬿ֲƣԵſȸЩ䡣
ֲڷַ֧һЩҲʥǵѹ޷ֵģʶеҲֻЩˣһЩŵĸֻ֣ټķ񹬣ֻɵķ廹أԵ̫ˡ
лʱдĸ־ۼΧ
Щв̵ĸ֣ͬģлҲ״ηʥĸֳȺУǿǴֵġ
ʥ壬ͱȽ⣬ʶһܹϳ
Ǿۼ֪ѾʮȥߣȻû˸ڲеģҿǰһ
л¹һɧҡ
ҲЩˣֱڡ
أ
ǰлɽȥһ¾ͽŸ߿ˣһߵлǽһˬ֮ǰΪ񹬣ģ˿ֳҪͻȥġ
żӲŷ˻С
лһ֮£ǹԾ޷㱬鿪Ƭڡ
ʲô˵Ҵ񹬣
Ѱ·
ɱ
ػ񹬹ŵͷˣҲսʵļķػţɴ˿ɼǿᡣ
Ⱥɱ
лû̧һƳȥ
ž
һƳгǰķˣһ¾ͽѪɳȥײǽϣȥ
žž
лƣͷҲһĴ
粽ڡ
ƣΧ߲ȻȺеʥ峤ɫҲѿԵ˵һ䣬Ѹٵˡ
ڣлĶͨͳͳĿ
۷Χվ޼ģҪ󣬺鷳屻ʱŲʷ˵ע⣬ʶлûʱȥķ۵
ĶͨԲǧ׵ľ롣
ϵֻҪǧ׵ķΧɱл
һʩչлȻԾûҵһ˿Ϣ·Ѿһ㡣
лüͷһ壬ǰȥ
ٶȲ첻Ҫ񹬶Ѱһ顣
ڣǻ硣
棬Ǵˣǵ棬ڣ֮ǻôѷɫġ
ôֱĴһ
ǰ󹲼ƾÿһռؽƽס
Խһ˱ԿټˣۼʮͷˣǶѾ׼
ʮͷγɰԲչ˴ȫ˵棬ʮַ˻ڣһ޴Ļ׷ˣǴĻģǵľġ
ǼȻұȫǡлߵһֱӳײȥ
Ὣʮͷ˷ʵǿɻδﵽʮսʵļأ
أ
лһѷ񵶣ֱӽʮͷ˵ָײˣǿײʮͷ˷ɢȥ
ոճȥδлǰУٵѰ֮ȻǰһŻȴ
˻
һ˻
ʮͷ˷׷׵ſһѪǻڣ̼⻪ʢݣƴһ㣬һӾͽлֶ
ʮͷ̳𣬻ڻΧ
ǵٵš
ķ˻УһĻӵ£ǰ󹬵ڷ̺ɱҪɱлġ
лʣ˵𣬾Ǽ֮Ѿ޷γɶã壬ܹ֮
˻֮𶼲磬Ȼ޷˺ˡ
лһս䡣
ҪЩ˻档
ֻ֮𣡡һӵڶڴݳһӰ㵽Ϸ
ȫȼŻ棬ͷϸһͼ˫һ潵£Уһǻٱǧ
ֻ֮
лɫ΢䣬û뵽ֻط˲٣Ȼܹʩչֻ֮𣬶һһࡣ
ֻ֮Ƿеһ׵Ļ棬˻˵ǻ棬˵һֻ壬ÿһͷԡʱ򣬲ŻᵮһĻ棬ԼĪռͷԡһ˿ܹ۳ɹġ
Ȼ棬ǲϷ˻ʩչĻûʲôвһĻںǾǿصϻ棬˵ܹͽеļ֮
ʮͷ˵Ļ澫ںֻ֮һ
ел̲סһ̾öǴܴﵽҪ󡣡
˻ǡǡҪ
лɵЦҪ֪ﵽزҪٶȴ壬ͺģϾǽеļ֮٣ηӳһܴء

һɻ̻߱лڣʼȫߣѸٵĴ壬ҪĻǰ
ǿлҲֻǸոմﵽˣɣŷǳңԶľ룬һɣ޷ǿͨͨ켶ֹ˵Լġ
лҲĬ˴֮ŻѸٵߣǻߵ˫ʱһĻˡ


1795  ۣĶͨ꡾
ҪѰλãлۺĶͨһֱڿ״̬ʱ̹۲ڵĶͨЩǿߵĶжϳѹĵطǻζ˫ʱл͸оһ˿ʹ
ûйڴʱĶͨʱ򣬹ʶ˷ʹ̾ҪرĶͨ
лʣеʹȻǱѰġ
ҪֹͣĶͨлͷЩƺ˫һȻֹͣУۼ˫ڡ
ĶͨľȻ
ǣлĺгֳĻ棬˻ɫģ·ǻġ
л죬ѵĶܹͨ͸ʩչ
ĶͨҪɣǰǱΪԵģʶܹɾ磬лȴС
ˣҲûû壬Щν֣ǳĸ֣һ壬Ҳܹǵģлͬаǿͳ̶ȣͳˣǼֻ֮ҪǷӳĳϵЧϾ塣
ʱ򣬻滶ڶڣ̼ĶͨһǳǿȣԭֻܹԲǧ׵ľ룬ֳܹͼҲģҾ뻹ǧڵģлһ֮ңͳͳĳֳɫͼֻǶлġ
ǵڶǱŵĶʮ֣ʮͷˣѾ׼һлȥȻ⵽ԵĴ
ǿӿ
ʥƺҪڣֻǺԥϾһ룬Ǿ͵ս
գ
лоԼĴѾЧϽתԼ˫֮ڣΧﵽ˽׵ľ룬ǽζ˳л𾪡
ھȻһŲȼš
ѹڵ·лһ˵ɱֻ棬ֱǾŲ׺̫𣬼ȻھоŲôͺп·
ҵûһͷˣҲû֣ѵǲ̤У
뵽л
䣡
ûõĻȻ飬о˫С
˿ȥлԵúǹ죬ڲʱлɢܹĶһ
ʮͷ˺ҲĲҽһٶȵɳȥ
лֱ̤ӵʡ
ûнڶЩصĸ޷ֱ֣ӿԽڶ⡣
˵أлĶ֮ͨ£Ҳһŭֻÿһǰһ˥Ķࡣ
Դλõ·ǧ׵ĵ¡
ռһƽףлǰȥڵڶĸּ˵Σ׷׵ŭɱ
ֻǵлʧڵ֮ǵĹҲ֮ʧȻûһڽֻż
һл̷ֲͬ
ǹŹֵĻ棬лĶܹͨ̽׵ľ룬ǽǧܹ֮ԽԽ۳ĵµӰȴʼû䣬·ʲôһ
ڡ
ɫ⻪ӳգȥѤʡ
һţÿһ漶ȻѾﵽ֮ĵزѾ޷һûκĿĵķţл̾һѹû˸ҽһ룬¾ͻᱻɱġ
лһеػ⸡ֳȫЩǳײҲֵܵһġ
ܿٵĵĵط
һ󷨣ռشһƽңȫţ˸ŵĹΣ󷨵ı滹һŲʹ⻪˸ţǾһľŲȻŲǴ߶еڡ
лһǱ鸡С
ڱƯţڡ
ǰʶ󷨣л
ֻɨһۣ˵ǾŲǾŲʷеһ󷨣ҲΨоŲʷ˿õ󷨡
ŲʷڰǰͱŲѵǰǰѾˣл
ȷǰǰʹڵġƵĵһϵ鼮һЩǰĴ£оһǹģ˵ͷԹԶûб˵ôгһԩͷ˴˶ԸԷΪĿģʱ䣬ʹһƵķ忪ʼƣԿ̫࣬Ƕ֣ʱ̣Ƿ嵱ʱľŴΪۣӲǴʱķ峤ΪŲʷˣɾ;ͷ֮˲忪ʼռϷ磬Ҳߣоһ֪õʱµʲôıأȻ죬ΪǱΪҲһ·Ծﵽ˰ͷĵزΪֱƾͷ𡣡
𾪵ǣǱǾͷս˿ѷɫͷոճɾ;ͷľŲʷ˴սһû䣬Ȼռ˵СˣɴǱһɹʣؽΪܹԶʥʿĳͷȻǷϣģԾŲʷ˲֪˭նɱǱǱھȻħ޾ͷµľ壬һӼסҲŲʷ˺һͷָӡ¾ŲгɱĿıҪǱľħ޾ͷµľɱ
űƵ˵лɵøп徹Ȼһ̥Ĵڡ
ͷֶ޷ɱôһǾͷǿߡ
̫ǿˡ
⴫˵һֱûôţڿַѹһ֪ȻġƲ޸пĵ꣬Ȼڵħ޾ͷѾĸɾҲȻɲ٣ֻҪţ³ɾ;ͷֻʱˣǲΪͷһžͷһս
лǰ֪ƽŲ󣿡
ȻǾŲʷµģǱȻˣлΪԼܹƽ⣬Ҳûôǿ
ƽѡƵҲûһᡣ
лϲ
ǾŲʷµ󷨣Ҫܹƽ⣬͵ܹ˵Ųʷ˰ǿǾͷ
Ƴʥ𣡡
ǰܹ߶ʥлȻ֪Խֻ֮Ҫܹ߶Ȼþͷ˱ģǣǾͷʥҪ뷢ӳǳѣοľͷµĸ֡
һ䣬һԣУֻܷˡ˵
лԣĲɵ
ܹȳôԣؽٲҪ¾ͷѹˡ
ڵƺѡ
Ųʷ˵ʵ̫ˡ


1796  ۣĶͨ꡾
һ߻ᣬǶԸ
Ҳˣʶ׼ƴһ߻ᡣ
˳ò㡣Ƶ
ǰܵӰ죿лʵ
ЦһưȻұʩչǻΣԼкʸȥǰһʣ
ʣһųƶһĳڡ
Ȼ˵лˣ뿪˵Ͼʥ;ŲʷµľŲԿನĸֶܹɱģ壬Ҳ޼£Ͼֻʮս۷弶ˡ
ſڣͿ֮ǰڵڶڵĸֶѾΧſ⣬Ķš
ȴһֻعأػܵء
ڴ˵صʮ֣ʮͷˣƶʮǿߣɭɭĶлɱȻ
лһʮս۷弶ֺȵ
˵лֹ˵ЩûʵĻû˼ֻط˵ȶҸˣҲͷϰҪ־죬
𣡡
ִŭ쳤ХһĿӿȻźɫ
ϸɫӿǿĶѡ
лȻ񣬼Ȼҷ嶯֣Ǿɡִȵ
壿ǷˣˣлƲ嵱߹Լʲôˡ
ֲȻŭ

һͿɫĿӿڿγһ֣ÿһʻȻɱ⣬·һѰɱ˴ѪĽ˵ĿֲɫУΪԵ;ס
лüëһаħǹ˼ˣ
ȴûлشֻǲٿһ޴Ļ桰֣׺ݵлײȥǺޱĳ
ֺͷǿҲ׷׵׼
ֻҪл⹥Կ̳֡
л۶ţֹаħȻֻԻͣǾ˿µаħĴŲ꣬ǹ˼ˣοʮս۷徳ġ
ĿӹʮˣĳƣȻܶ඼ǽЩŴһЩǿ󶷼
˼֮Уδ֣Ȼڴһҵĺ䶯һεлͷ֣ʮֺʮͷϵĻٿȻϨ𣬾ǴĹҲ߽⡣
ʥˣ
л֪ȻǱƽʥӻڡ
ʥҲõһ̶ȵļ
Щ˷񹬵ǿǾУͿΧĻ׷׵Ϩǰڶ濪ʼٵļֱϨ
񹬷·κλ档
ǡ
ţлһĻˡ
ʮϵĻ֮ǵ徹ȻѸٵطɱ䣬ƤýӲ۷ֱϸɢһŨصܿǵѺۣѪ⿪ʼأδӴڡ
һڹǵ˸š
л˸һĨ⣬ģֻذ壬ռ꣬ģ
ֻһֽͣЩ˲֪ꡣ
֮ԸΪֻذĹЧ
ˢ
лﻹ飬һӡ
һսӿ
䡭
ʮͳͳıըûʣ£⵽ԵĴˡ
лȻŤͷʮͷˡ
ǰȻ壬Ҳûжɱ֣񿴵ȻֶΣԺԵУǿƵĽи
ɱ
ɱһлڵ㱬ȥЯž˵ɱʮͷˡ
ʧȥ˻ʮͷֿܹлһȥȭߣʮͷû£ͱĨɱˡ
ɱ¾֮󣬵Ȼ춯صı졣
䣡
һ죬ͿǵȻ
񱩵ನվڵſڵлضͬҶϯ㣬ȥ߰˰ףײڶڣ˸ǸеȫʹޱȣҲ壬ˣѾˡ
ڶҲѾ̮һࡣ
ڵڶػĸҲನз׷ױ
лóξƣ͹˼ڣ߶壬ػⱣţŴӵڶڳ
ԶԶľͿݣеĽ϶һٶƽ׵ĵطʮ׸ߡ
лλá
ͿǾŲľŲʹ⻪ʧˣҲ鲻٣ԾţûгֶѺۡ
۱ڵıơ
״̬ڣ˿̺٣Աģľ޴ʥҲʧˡ
ʧܣ
δ߶㹻ǿʥ𣬺俪Ų

Ƴ̾һЩ
лҲ³ѵĿһ
У
ʥǵϣܹ֧ʥǿܹлгʱǿԼϣڡ
Բܷ
ǰд̼л
̼ꣿȻС˵Ҫ̼ꣿѾںϣ޷ʹˡ
л΢΢һЦνںϣ޷ʹõ˵ֻһ󴫣ֻҪܹ̼꣬Ȼа취ʩչ
ȷƵ
лصĵͷ
ƵҲգǾһԾ
ʩչȻ֮ǰлնɱʦǰ㣬ͨ۵ģʩչлûܹҲˡ
лǴͨ

ڵı˸ŵĻ⣬ĻǴ˷ٹǱ档
ɣ˫õ֮һûлڡ
л͸оѾںϵһ󶯵Ƹܹлƺ͸һѹȵȻ޷ֻֿܺˡ
ܵĴ̼ڻǲ˼£ͷųһǿȻƾол϶ǿܱԼյҪǿĶ࣬ʩչץǾŲ
һ޴ֱ̽Ӹ˰ƽ׵ľŲ
ǣ

Ϳץס˾Ųһ޴ѺۣлһȻһ
䣡
ԭ⵽ʥľŲѾ࣬⵽ĳ˱㣬ˣֻǴ̼лҲ޷Ųˡ
һǾ޴ľŲ֮顣
𣡡
һȻӵ´𶯵ķ񹬶ʼҡΣһɿ񱩵еϢӿ
лͱһۣ¶˷ܵЦݡ
ӿĲ棬ϵЦЩ̡
Ųף̫ȼţ֮ǿܹͬġ
֮ǰ׼ûˡƵаռ壬ֽ浼
лͷа顣
޵а飬ΪƷִ˵أѾεתһ㴩Խͨл
轻аռл壬ʱƿء
ԵĿţֵڡ


1797  Ųʷ˵ŭһ
䣡
ԭֱöת䣬ΪϵĻ飬ֵǳֳһ档
걾Ѿﵽͨ켶ĵزܹʥǰ޷ͨɴ̼лˣ꾳Ѿﵽһǳµĵز
˷ȫ汬졣
аȣȻѷɫܶ࣬а֮ʥģʥϵӵС
˱ͬʱ
һʱ䣬֮гһѺۣγһͨ͸ܹͨǻʥ
ʱָͬʱһ㣬һǿǻͨҲֱӳ޴ڡ
ʼȡĻ洫ݽ
лٿȨаţһԹߣһУҲǸпѣ첻
ĿǾŲ߰˰˵ԾûзбƵʥ󼤷꣬ڽܹɱȡߣȻԻָ
ʥ򣬶һļһɼʥɱ䣬ء
Ȼֻһֿԡ
򣬷פǾŲһ̣Ųʷ˶ӦҲת۱޾ɱͷϿշڵء
ȻҵľŲ˭Ųʷŭ֮࣬ҲǾ㵣е˼顣
˵Ļ˵̴߶붫񵺣ڳ붫񵺵ֻͨ켶λܹݻپŲɾͲˣµ󷨣ԼǱ꣬ǽһͷɵķӡ꣬ͨλϵƽġ
ܹͨλϵǴݵرͨλҲ޷ġ
ŲʷԴʧһ֮󣬸ӵĽ
ͷ֮Ĳ࣬һ֮䣬и£οݷ϶˸ָĵƣŻɱͷʶɲƽ׵ʧ
Ųʷ˷ڣ̴˹ͨر塣
ûã淢һб۵˾Ųʷ˵С
лƣŲʷ˿֮󣬲ը˷Ρ
ڵر棬ʹ޵ľˣлɱ˱֧ĹŽ壬㱩ߣԶͨرƽϢŭû뵽Ȼҳ
оǱƣǰնúĦˣϹʥ뿪˼ס
ǾȻˡŲʷѹܹƽŲ󣬿϶Ǹƽһ鵼ʥ
ȥ˽⣬ͼƶϳŲԭ
Ųʷ˷ŭŭ뵽ܹ鵼ʥЩɵϾһʥ߶ֻܼһȥ޷ġ
˼Ųʷ˱Զͨ
ҲûŲ˵˳˵˵ɣô죬ǱǸʲô֪ĸ࣬뿪ĥ뿪ĵһʱسɾ;ͷ֮ⶼһлɵĺ¡
˲𰡡Զͨ¶һĨЦ⡣
ʲôŲʷ˫Ŀ亮â
ԶͨЦ趯ŭҲ֪˼ǷҪҰʱóȥɱƣ
ŲʷߵлҲ˰ɣǸýƵʱˣôȥ»еڶǱǰĴڱھģʱ򣬽пĿɾˣҪٿлҲˡ
ŲʣҲΣԶţ˵ҰӡǱʲôܹвǵڣԶͨĵ
ߣǲ֪ɲûСŲʷЦ˵Զʥ֮ǰʩչʱ壬ʱǧ֮һʱ䣬ڼ䣬ȫ֪׼ҪõµʤʵҪ
Զͨɫ΢䣬ҿ԰㣬ǼرʱҪ֪ʱޣСʱ
Ųʷ˰ϲֻҪûлڵʥŲ±ƣɱҲǾ֮ͣлߣлԶͨȡԶʥʤʵĹؼһǾͳûֽš
ãô˵ˡŲʷ˵
ŲʣԶͨ۳˵¶һĨ֮ɫҿҪ㣬òҪл϶ֽţӦ֪л˵ǺεȵҪ֮ǰҿԸرҲҷϱ㶯ֽţݹҷѡ
оԶͨȻɱ⣬ŲʷҲЩɵ
ϾʵԶͨȷǵǿģܹĹֻصĵͷˡ
ģֻǽлɱֵģʥˣѡеЩˣҪøʮˣŲʷ˳
Զͨû⣬Ǵ˷лԷĲɡ
˵֮Զͨʧˡ
Ҫȥ
Ųʷкâֹ˭Ҳ֪Щʲô֮󣬾ͿתһصĽڣٶȳʱһʮʹ⻪˸ŷëܷš
ԶͨʮʷĻ»ҪǷŲʷ˺ˡ
ظʮʷ𣬾ŲʷЦԶͨӵԴ֮ʮʷ𣬲ܹҽرͨ켶λͨ켶λϣʩչŲʷеǽл嶯ֽţҲ鲻ʱԶʥʵʤʵҲֻܹˡ
ʮʷǾŲʷذ꣬δóʾ˵رΪȡʤʵ׼ġ
ʣʱǰѾ˾ͷʮֻطˣһǾֻ֮ģս֮ͼеʮһεԡʧܣȴ۳ôһʮʷ
ʮʷۼ۵ĻǾͨ켶зʶ֮ǿԿþŲʷ˳սͷܣʤ
Ųʷ˵ʮͨλķرټʮʷ˵رʩչܹﵽͨ켶λĸ߶ȣĻԶͨˮƶʥҲ˵Ͼʥ޷ӳοǱơ
ˣŲʷȫ׼
Գ֣
ͬʱԶͨҲѾ֣ͨǿ񱩵һʱ
ŲʷңԶ֮Ҳ̸ӦӶŲ𶯵ʮʷͷϷͺȵ֣
ʮͷͨ켶λķʩչ
ǻ潵ھŲʷϣҲ̽ԼͷųʮʷĻ֮£ֱر


1798  Ųʷ˵ŭ𡾶
رϷѾ״̬
屻ڷʥǵѹ޷֣ԭеҲѾǺ֣ŹŽһתͶʥǣȻûһƣ䵽ӵĵزʥˣԹ˲Ͼʱⶫ񵺲֣˾ʹöʥǺͷ󣬶ţȻûǸ֡
ʸֵΪԼó֣Ҳֻˣȴϣ˫ܾˡ
ʶڵĶ񵺣Ѿ񾭸߶ȱʱ̡
ʱܱԶƵĴս
ڣԵ֣ӲǿٳһͨʱͨС
룬ʥȻҲǷһЩ仯
ЩɾʥȻĽɣֻҪﵽ㹻Ҫ󣬱ؿ׶ΣףҪ֪ʥ׶ףɲֻط߱ģ֮ǿױȡ
ã
ĵ˳뽫ʮ֮ŵʱ򣬶ȻͨܵĳĳƵأͻأıѡ
ƺа鶼û뵽˱仯Ȼ仯𶯵ǵͬʱ𶯣ֱ
ͬʱһʹľѸ˥
ռла飬һӻ䵽㣬лȻľƿԼ塣
Ƹ־ҵĲתΪӶƺʱܱһ
ô£лƿ塣
һصˣҺͱǰ޷ڵˡаӦ
лɫ΢䣬Щ֮ͽ׵ļ֮ҪҲܵģοʥ𡣡
аһȥ
ı廹ڻʥ͸ͨ谭תۼع鱾֮ڣ
ٵ͸е꣬ѸٵػָţʣµѾϡ٣Ȼ޷ȴڣΪգϵ׳ҵ
ֻգۼ䣬ͨڱ㴫аүˣǱԶͨӡģƺˡ
δ˵꣬ʧˡ
лľһ
ԶͨȻһֱҪȡĽ׵棬ͬ㣬ʼհȻ֮ˣҲԶͨɸ˵ĿģͻȻ֣ҽǵζʲôأ
ǵһʱ䣬л뵽ˣԶͨܲ׼ڰˣѾ֣ȻûɽҪ֪ڿ̺Ŵʥ𣬲ʲôֶΣҪһ㣬ζмʥĿܣһ˶ʥ𣬾бĨɱĿܣԲ룬ܽġ
𣡡
ŷŭɱȻڴ
һɾ˵Ҳ˳лͱƵϣǺͣ·ǣһƵٶԶĵط
Ҳ뿪һ˲䣬վλãһŲʹ⻪
䣡
汬ѣŰ𶯵Ŀռ俪ʼѺۡ
һӰӵƯ
ȻǾŲʷˡ
ֵֻȻ״̬
ƣ
Ųʷһ֣ɭĿǻеıƣŨصĽ׹ߵɱ⣬ڱ˾֮ذ㣬˵Ŀֲ
Ųʷˣɫ䣬ٵͿǻһתֻΪ飬ɢǵĺ⡣
飿Ųʷ˿ܹɵתΪͱֽȻͬ飬ɵһ漴˫ĿʢѹֵܹնҵĹܹ֮£ͨ켶λ磬ԭǿʱʮ֮һı飬ããˣɴ飬˵Ҵﵽͻͨ۷徳ĵز֮Уҵ֡
ɫޱȡ
Ȼʵǿ飬һ㣬ǰŲʷͷųȻԶԶԽ޷⡣
ôܽ֮ࡣƳ
ߣҾŲʷ˵ֶЩܲġŲʷ˰ȻĿҲתлϴһ꣬ϾҾŲʮ񲻵ɱұŽ壬Ȼһҷ񹬣ͷųлΣûܾˣ
лžŲʷǰȴֹǱΪʲôδ֣˵Զͨˣעɣ±ǰ߶ʥԶֵͨġ
Ųʷߵûұ޷뿪ˣлѹֱԶͨأǲ򵥣ܹӶҺƹ춼ҪŭԳ֣ҲԺˣΣһ
δذɡлЦȻ֪Զͨʲôɸ˵ĿģҸҶ϶ԲɱңɱңΪԶͨҪһţʬ壬ȻĻҲԲεΪҶƽϢŭҪƹ쿪սۺ֮ǰ֪һУҶԶͨȡԶʥµʤʵؼһΪһţϧһдۡ
Ųʷбһƾ⣬ɭĶл
ܴҸӲϲˡŲʷĵ汬һųҵľŲ
һ£ŲʷҪ֣лæȵ
ŲʷЦô㻹ʱ䣬ųǿЦһ𣿡˵ŻӶһųҵľŲ̱棬ȻĿתƣɱ㣡
žŲûڣлЦһǱվһ
֮ǰɱǱľŲ̫׹ȻǺֻطʮǰżȥģŲ̫Ҳ꣬Ѿ٣¶һŲٷ֮һǿǱѾɱǱܹܣ
Ѿ˼һ
꣬Ҳ
˵Ǳ飬леһĺ⼤ļ䣬ŬΪˮĺ⣬ʥܹսдȥһϵβޣͲôһʱͿɳɹġ
ŭҾŲʷˣҪҵŭ𣡡Ųʷ˫𶯣һŲ𼴿̻һ񽣵ģȥĿǱơ
ƼٵȫĹâʢһ˫۾˸ĹΣתΪıҲͻͻĲɢǵĺ⣬Χʮ׵ķΧ
л״ҲȻ߶֮񱩵ĳʶУҪҺ̬渽ŵʮʹ⻪ĻҲڵ
˻
˷Ųʷ˶Ȼһ˻
л͸еؿڷƣʹޱȣո۵ľȻɢſһѪɳȥ
ǱƵҲǿжϣҵĲ
µǣǱ龹ȻƺҪͬʱǻΪ񽣵ҲȻײȥ

ŲʻػǱ飬ıƵĲҽУǳһѺۡ
ǿľŲʷֻǳһһ˻һлͱشҪݻٱ飬ǿȻ޷ܵĵز


1799  Ҫһ
ǰһΣŲʷŲʮһ걻лʥˮ𣬸ʥˮǰʼˮǸʱлֻ֪Ųʷ˵һǳ£ȴΪʥˮԵʣδʶŲʷһ굽ǿʲô̶ȡ
ǼʶˣҲ˾
޷ܵĵز
лݺر˼磬޵еֶΣǰ޷ֵ˼һͷų
࣡
Ǿ޴Ĳ࣬ʮսϾ𾳽磬ϳͨ죬νͷֻվͨ۷壬Ķ֮ģԽϣÿһĲ඼ģͨλͨ۷֮Ĳ࣬żʮٱľ롣
Ǳͨ켶λϱ鷢ӳͨ켶λֻͷųͨ켶λľŲʷǰҲǺ޷һĲ࣬ǵһ㣬޷Խ
ΪʲôʵԽǿԽߣһѶ֮޷
лŻŽʥǣռʮڣаżڣܾڣĿľҪʮ꣬ϰܹ꣬Ǵһ֧ܹ翹Ͼûɳ֮ǰЩǰһġ
飬ʮ֮һţʮ֮һõһͷȫľɴﵽ۷壬ͻҲֻһ֮ǽǳԽԶʥʵʵĴﵽ۷壬ʤʵ˿ᣬʤ߽ңҽ𡣡Ųʷ˷ܵضű飬ϵľŲԽԽʢ
Ҫȡľǳ롣ȻܵشɱϾָ꣬ٶȸ죬ϱ֧֣ҵõ꣬ĴҲʱ䣬Ѿձİ
Ųʷ˰ȻҪĶûеòġ
ݣ
һŲٶȼȥ
˷ŲΪһ״ģƺҪֶһ㡣

ǻ浽ȿڣ˫֮ȻһֱûǱڡ
ԭܵŲ𹥻ѾѺۣʼɢ㾫ı鵱־޴ѺۣѸٵѿ
ǡ
ѷѸٵ
գۼ䣬Ǳ㻯Ƭ׷׵ĵȥ̺ŵȴ൱һֱƵ֮ȡ˫ĿУȻٶȱȥ
䣡
֮۽ػŲʷ˵
ײ졣
ĲҽУƵ꼸ɢɳȥȥʱʧ
Ųʷ˸ƺһҲ־ҵĲˣײҲǱ
ܾˡ
ĿײлҲǾѣ֪ǱƸûзӳ٣ȻǿϧȻֲ̺ƺܲֻǾŲʷһͳ˱Ѽ󣬿رҲġ
һлһͷǲһУűƵߣֻҪɰȫˡ
δоٶȴЩѵıƬȻ׷׵ڣһ˿˿ͳͳлʳָ䡣
ʳָɱڡ
ɱǱױǺͻ׽ϵЧǱǡǡҲǷҪġ
ֻлףΪʲôۼԼָ
ʶĿѾıƣǱ΢΢һЦ΢һͷ
лʱףǱν
뵽ڻУԶͨһ꣬չֳļıлˣתǽԶͨˣҲű֪ƿһıˡ
ȻܹΣʱ̣ѱ飬ת޸лɱ䣬зΪʤĿܡ
Ϳűƽչֵ뵽龫ۼɱ֮εȿ¡
ֻлףŲʷҲɵϣѵľôõ
Ȼǲܵġ
Ȼˣôʲôأ
лв⣬Ǳ龫תʳָ֮󣬸Ǹоɱı仯ֱ仯ȴлʶǱʵĸı䣬ֻʱģҲ˵ǵõҲֻһһһͽʧȥɱ仹ԭɱ䣬Ϊһơ
ͨ켶λܹ൱ͨ켶λˣƣ԰ˣ֮УҲֻܹԷǾͷ֮ˡŲʷޱȣɱȻ
ŭˡ
ƵúƮ죬ãһѾ˽άֵĵزһβǿɱĵز
һе˵ʱһ㣬㾡ܷġЦĵûнŲʷ˵ɱ
ǲܵġŲʷ˵Ļٶȳ
ˢ
ǹ֣ƵһһöεľӨ͸ĺˮһƷ˸ŵĻɫΡ
쵰Ųʷ˼״ʱһֿڣȻһǷĹǿֹɢˣ㽫ľתΪ˻澫
Ƶ⻹ҲǾͷҪͨ켶λһԾͨ۷ͷΨɱľ꣬ѾĻתΪȣ֪һѪʮǧٰʮ󷨣꣬Ҳ֮ĵľˡɨһɢıƬϧˣ֮һı龫ôɢˡ
лһȻףõһ龫ȻޣֻһãǱϾ֮һľŲʷ뿪Ȼǿʵ޵ĺܣѾ㹻ⲿˡ
ֳˣǵõ֮һı龫ʵܹ߶ɱǿأ
ȴ޷ӳƵġ
δ߷
лɵ˼
ȴ˾Ųʷ˴в˶Ͷ˼УֻҪܹ߷ܹΪʤܻŲʷһȻ࣬ǾŲʷ˱Ȼܵ൱ʧشġ
أ
˼ȥл֣ܹ߶ַֻһҺ̬ǸȻУȻ߶ɱҪҪҺ̬֮Ҳ֪꣬޷ʣµľֻһˣǾꡣ
ǰŽƵ֮߶һΡ
θδ߶أ
˼УлȻеͨһ󶯵ոձȹرյͨȻٶȿˡ
үҺ̬Ҽʥ𣬴ݻԶͨаҲ˹
лƳһ۾Ųʷˣǣţ߶֮ʶܵĵҺ̬ͨͨаڣ̶а߶ʥ֮
һʥ֮ôȻԻ޷ȫرԶͨôаҲԴ߶߶һټʥȻŲʷ˰ˣصĴۡ
ͷոתȥŲʷ˶Ȼһ˻𶯵Ķˣ񵺶ҵҡ죬ϺȵȻˣαزͷ¶βͷʱ͵֮ˡ


1800  Ҫ
Ϸˣ벻㻹ôǽƵʹõܹ֣֮򵥰
ЦУϿոӰ
һվԼף಻ǳȴޱȵĿһһֿŮĸоĺܣһϮɫսѩһĨɫţȥζ
ʹͷ
繲ͷǵͷ̫أͷļضٵÿʶ˶϶ͷ
ͷҲģʹͷ㹫ϵǵһͷҲʵҪǿĴͷһߡ
˵ʹͷ
Ȼվգ۾ɨһлԶĹˣ񵶣ǸĻǱеıľǿܹʵִͻƣΪͷһ˵Ķ
Ȼܹ񵶣ҲԲŹֻġ
ʹͷɨһۣл͸оȻ˼ֻɨһۣ㲻ٿлܹе˼ѾҪӶˣǱ˰
һϣģͷ֣ټԶͨҲҪΪǱ龫ͷһǿܴﵽͨλαԼ
ݱȻ˵֮⡣
ǱҲɫ
Ϸˣϴأô֣ѵҪ͵Ϯҵȡվڶлֹ綷嶷ͷ
л˿ɱ⣬ܻһǹ˸޵ĺâʱһսģ
Զͨһϲ͵ϮɱԴҲǹһˣͲˡվϷͷǴ״̬ȻǸּģͷ
ͷŲʷҲЩˡ
ԭ龫ǹеģѷɫģ˭ܵõ龫Ǿ˵ˡ
ȷֵģӦңҪıᣬǾݹҲϧۣǿгˣŲʷ˺ȵ
ʹͷȻһЦϷˣĪҪżǿгܹҲδܹ֣Զͨϼ޻ļһڰģһᣬľ޴֮ҲȻʧ֣ο֣ڵƹɲƽ׵õرģʱ㱾»ƽױƹˡ
ŲʷĿ˸
ͷǲϧۣƵĻҲǿǿͷųԼһĴǱˣҪ꣬ǧָܹ꣬ڴڼ䣬κһͷнĨɱĿܣʶ򲻵ѣûоͷʹȰ취ģϾǾζʱܱɱ
Ųʷ˳
ҲûǰֻӺͷ̸еˡ
Ųʷ˶ϣԶͨϹĻܷľˣϾǾͷ֮佻֣Ҳ֪бʤİա
򵥣ȻԶͨƽΣÿ˵õķ֮һƾǵҲҪԽͷġʹͷ
Ųʷ˿ͷͷ
ͷҲһЦʾͬ⡣
ǲ˰ɡŲʷ۶ǣҪˣңӶֳɱҡ
ʹͷЦ˵ϷǶɣ꣬㻹һ㶼û䣬˿ܵӰ֪ٱϹʥµĽƿýҪֶԸ㣬һʹطһǿͬھ㱾˼磬ٶͷųȡǳȴƽʧ꣬ʲôҲòǻûôɵ
Ųʷ΢һҲգһΣƽ֣ĿһɨڱƵϣƿţη֣ܵŮϹʥʵŮˣΪȻﵽͨ켶λҪݻľֻһͷˡ
⵹һ鷳ʹͷü
ͷȻһЦ޷̽һץһγˣҪƣ޷ġ
ͷֶΣֻҪģܵ
Цһ΢˫Ŀ֮кâէ֣ǿֲĽһѺۣץǾҲһ϶ٸҶһ£Ҿͷ
Ϊޱȵͷɫ΢䣬ĽֶξȻƵ֮ƿһ϶޷ȫĽĻƱɶԼҪľ򵥵ĺܡ
ͷ׷׿ͷ
λͷޱ飬˸ĺâʾŭһֶ޹޹⣬ȴ޼ƿʩ
ĴͷұƳϲǵĶ֣ҪǣǲǱұƾ꣬ӵۣ֮һ꣬Ǳ壬״̬ûκҡЦţǿһԣҪñ龫׼
Ĵͷ̸ȫӱƣָ߸ϵ̬˸еߺޣһоգȡˣƾȻ޾壬ǵڴˡ
Ĵͷ˴˶һۣüͷһ塣
Ǹоļ֡
龫ҿͷ
Ƴ϶ҵСɣǿЦʧȥ̣̾ͱɱŹ֡
ͷƺ߲ѡ
ʹͷ¶һ˿Ц⣬ͱȽ鷳ˣȽл񵶸Σ
⣬ɱлη˵ͷϱʾͬ
Ĵͷ޳֮ȣȻвҡЦҿɸǣ˭ҶлһëһҪ⾫顣
ʹͷǾʥ֮˵ɡ
˵Żȥץʥⶫڵĸ֡
Цʥǣֻʶл˵һ޹أɱɱǣұһüͷ⾫Ͱװ͸㣡
׷˼ˣǰɹ£ɱϹʥµ۶ûգһ£οʶʥˡŲʷ˿ڵ
ľлһ
ǵʹͷ˱ɵľٶ
ҲУҲɣ˵ô졣ͷ
Ųʷ˳
޷а취ЦУԶͨȻڷڣûƳ֣۳һߵģ
һ֣һӣͿһɫĹ⻷һӱ㽫Ƶ˫۸ˣȻһ£ȱƷۣ֮ѾֶǱľñ޷ݻ١


1801  ٱ䡾һ
˭Ҳû뵽ԶͨȻͻȻ֣һ־ñ޼ƿʩǱľ
һ㣬ͱԶͨĴͷ޷ԶͨǾ֮ͣԶ׼ġ
Ǿл˼˵ıС
ȻԶͨȻҲʧˣлͨͨϵа顣
ôˡлѯʵ
ͨڴа龪ϲԶ֪ͨι뿪ˣҸոմ߶ʥûʩչء
Ѿߣľˡл˵
ʲôүͱǰа鼱е
ӰҲԽͨл
лԭǰҪȡ龫вǣû뵽ԶֶͨΣѾ˱龫ˣڱǰΣգʱܱĨɱ
ǶүҲɱģȡ񵶡а鿡¶һĨɫ־ܡ
ҲģҪѣûһᣬõİ취ͷ˴˻ƴǰһıľɱˣȻʹܷҴ߶ľвȡһˡл˵
аһǱתΪĻ𣿡
лһûתⲿƬϵģкԡ
ԡаһĨ⣬үǻһء
Ŷ˻л֪֮ǰ˵һһļʣԺԲƵģɹѶ̫ˣǰ˵οԼʸ󣬿а˵һɲͬˡ
аǰʹұת֮ҿԽǱһ־תɴıϵȻ߶ʥ˱ڣɱ䣬ɾ߱һˡ
лɵôϲ
ˣǻһˡ
Ͼͷõ޵ĺܣһܹ߶ںֲֿɱ䣬Ȼɲȡġ
£аȻռл壬һĿȨֵƿأıĲ־ʼתȫɱΪͬʱıҲûţʥ
Ϊʵðգвأκһܽݻٵģһѵʱ仹̡
ֵܷɣҲǸδ֪
лǴﵽľ״̬ǿҲЩţҲֻܾԼɷٷɡ
ͷǾСϺףл֮⣬ҲһΣڸûġ
ʶͷûȻҲǲȫлϵģԶһлģʲô춯Ȼһ⵽ġ
ŲʣͲˣҰ㱨㷢Ȼû֪ͨңҪ̣Ժô㣬ԶͨߣתԾŲʷ˵
ŲʷߵͽһעǷлжֽţһ֪ˣαػһԡ
Զ֣ͨŲʷҲûз֣ĳ֣þŲʷ˸оһ˿ʾǾԶͨȻڹעȻû֣ǲԶ֮ͨΪѾﵽһ˼ĵز
ʲôԹۡʹͷ˵Ľ棬ȻˣǱֳݡ
ԶͨЦǺǵݵȻԣһ룬ʣµһ룬ĸƽ֡
ʹͷЦ㲻̫̰𣿡
̰ԶͨЦҵܹƽûңĸ޷õ⾫ңǲлֵһģȻҳֲŵõģȻҪôݵˡ
ȷȵõģȷʵģ˵ʵǿĸ֣ѵ𣿡ʹͷ˵Żһѩ׵ȻһһǿϢһѷ񽣳࣬ͶǿĽ⣬ʱܳ
ʼձƽ̬Ķ嶷Ҳſ˽ŵ˫ۣϵǹɿҰսͷ˳
ڶ˵սǵ츳ǵıܡ
ͻƲܹͬսͻңҲˣѵһΣǼÿսо޴ɱ䣬Ǵﵽͷ嶷ȻսԼ
ԴԶ֣ͨѾĶˣǹǲѡ
ͷɫĮ״̬Ȼڵļ˸ŵĻ⣬һ׳ľ޽ȻԶͨ
ΨоŲʷɫѣûκεľٶ
ˣͷ֣Ȼ졣
ԶͨȰ㻹ǿȻǵǰΪҲǸվûдﵽԶʥʵĵز֣һⲿꡣʹͷЦ
ԶͨЦ˵ûˣĸܹõֻ൱ͨ켶λˡ
Ĵͷԣɫͬʱ䡣
䣡
ŻĴͷƽɫԶͨ߶ȻƱһɿ񱩵Ұ˷Ƿ񹬶ıѼ
ֻһ˲䣬Զͨͱһ࣬ѹĴͷ׷׵ĺˣ޷潻档
ôģӵرҲܴֹͷųѾﵽͷŲʷ˳Ծĵ
Զͨ˵ˣ˴˼仹Ҫȱ˸أȴ뵽ԶͨȻܹ˵زر
ŲʣʮʷѵҾûľ𣿡ԶͨЦе˵ţΪģһѿƺͨľ
ԭϢʮĴͷɫ
ʹͷһʮǰʱµһرھҵʮͷھ򣬽ʹһͷ˼һͷնɱԶͨνɶԣ

ԶͨЦ˵һûʮֳĲ̽Ѱĸ򣬽ľͷУֵľ˽ʱľͷԴ֮Ķɣʱ֮Ѿʧͨ켶˿ͨ켶񽣣԰ͷ߶λǲǻҪһأҿɲֽš
ľͨ켶񽣡
ȻѹĴͷĲͨ켶ľʣ˭ԶͨĶ֡
ͷͶ嶷ͷ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ʹͷƽڱصˣʧˣˣĸȻлɱʤ㡣
ŶҵҪˣʲôʤĻᡣԶͨ
ʹͷ΢΢һЦй⻪һһѩ


1802  ٱ䡾

һ֣ʱͷ𾪡
һʮǰǱֹر֮һϢҵõľͬʱرϢ֣漴ʧ֮һΪˡԶͨĵ
ûǰû뵽ɡʹͷ΢΢һЦǿЦܹͨɱŮЩͷȴоȻ
ľ˶ֻ֪ǲ֪Ϊ˭á
Ǵδ˷ֹԴӵõڰǰսУͷΧԶʥʣҲδʹùһֱʹͷţĳǸ֮˸е¡
˷óʹͷһףԶںһһɰȻ̼䣬ʹͷƾѾԶͨƽˣҲ˵Ҳ൱ڰͷġ
ԶͨľҪʹͷҲҪһۣοͷĶš
Ϸˣóʮʷɡʹͷ
ŲʷûʲôϵľŲٶȶһɫʮɫ⻪Ȼǲʵʮ𣬶ʮʷչ֣ܹŲʷ˵ľŲʱ߱ʮһ
ǿƵԶͨɵ¶һ˿֮ɫĴͷֵȷһĻʤʡ
ԭͷͶ嶷ͷҲٶͷųǿս⣬ֱԶͨ
Ĵͷ΢΢һͽԶͨΧ
ƽְɡŲʷʱ򿪿ˡ
ԶͨɫĿ£ǧ㣬û뵽ʹͷȻӵһֹһʧܸС
ҪһսǱ˴˶Ѿ˼ʮ꣬ڿޣʵҲ൱˴˵ַغܣһսҲֻ˷ʱ䣬ҵİˣֻͷʹͷ˵
ҾôܡԶͨĵϹرһɣޣǷ˸ط
ʹͷЦãϹأĿһһץһӰ𣬺Ȼһʥĸ֣Ҿѡˡ
ͷͶ嶷ͷҲֱץһˡ
Ҳʥĸ֣Ǳ֮ˡ
лЩȣνϹʲô˼ǾͷȻ֪ʥԶͨƿصĵرǹѡʥǱˣҲǼӵĴԶͨ
ѡԶͨһץͬһ˷
лδģл΢һӦɶ϶һʮսʼǿߡ
ŲʷҲֻó֣һץһʥǰ
ͷֱʮսʡ
лͷ֮ľٶЩ棬ͬʱҲϲԽˣԽܵʱ䣬ôаɱɱһͻԽ
ڴĵȴš
ž
Զͨһֵüģʮսʼֵͱ۷ֱ彩ӲҲƮ߿ڣ׵ɢȥֻһǡ
ͿԶָͨǵλãһƵɫУžͿֵƿٵգۼﵽʮս۷弶ʵһֻ̤ĵزͬʱľҲڴС
ԶͨƮȻˡ
Ȼ۾Զͨλ׼ûС
ĴͷҲ׷׳֡
ܿ죬ʥҲ˱仯ΨʹͷƵʥִﵽʮս۷弶ʵͷǽ൱ڳʮսʲõļơ
а
л
ԣһаҪʩչѡѡһˣȻӲ˵ԼһһעУ˱ɳΪܣΪսսҲɱã˵ġа˵
ǴЩͷΪ˲һ˿ˣȻֶ񶾵ַлѡ
ͷʵ޼֮ƴɱԷܣǾзǳĻᣬľǶܹǷɱģһսȻ˵ģ귽棬ǽһнƣδʤʵпܲԲŻνϹһ˵
ĿľΪԼǵġ
ͷ׼׵һ£ʱƴɱһ
лɫƽʱĺͱı֪ʰٷ֮ʮŵŵıƣԾɫƽ޳˿ûнϡ
аڷٵжš
ǱתȻɣʼ߶ʥ֮͸˵ͨлʳָ֮ϡ
Ĳ˵ʥ֮Խ֮ͨģʱٽ˸ɵΣա
ͷȫע·ؼΨɱһзƵ
Σȴϵš
û֪ʱ˿̣ǷϳľŲ·ǧ׵ڣŲʷ˶þŲҪɱǱģǾŲȻתΪɢųǺľŲ
ǱӦñɱǱҲ˫Ŀ
һӿȵǱڸš
ǱɱûȻڻͨһȫµطŲתΪǱı֮棬򵥣ǲ򵥣ѹ˶˵Ǳһɾ;ͷȻǵڶԶʥʣһ㲻١һϸ΢ǱĶС
ǱӴ̾·ӿ溮ޱȵľŲ˸âǰλãƹ죬ɣ
Ҳһ˵ĸ֪
Ӱһͷ֮һƹ긡ֳ䱳ȻǰԶʥʵ񽣡
һٶ겻ˣѡƹЦǺǵĵ
ߣѣҿҵǱĵΪͷսͷ緢ͷЩԹģƹ죬ʱչأƹĸսҲһͷͷǱһлɱǵƹԹ϶ǱŲʷ˺ԶַͨѹƹҲһãǾǱȵ
֮䣬Ҳų޵ġ
£˭˭ѾûҪᡣƹ쵭ȻĵҴҪ̸̸顣
ǱҺ
ƹûһָ棬ͷΪľѾϹؿսϣȻܳȥһսǣͷɱԶͨϳشԶͨı塣
ͲõľǱ
룬Ҳ֪㲻ҵֵģǱ壬Ȼĥܷӵޣ㲻֮ͬ壬ҲͷһսʱƹЦеĵοԶͨĳѨڣöɱȥøᣬαء
ƹ쿴˺һǱڿڵãҴӦˡ


1803  ޵бһ
һһöʱ䣬ƹع鱾ڡ
ҪԸԶͨǿɲһ׵飬ϾԶͨϵͷǿߣľӪڣǸƣؽز٣ǾͷҪǿд룬ҲҪСĽܵһ˺

Ǳ̾һо֮ɫܹһĻҲ˵ز˰
˭Ҳ֪ͬž޴ˣƾ۱Ƣԣƹ͹ɱȥɨһˣȴǡ
˫Ŀ΢գĻָԼ
ȻطǴһܹŲתΪֶΣ˵ǿ˸Ҫ֪ŲתΪԵģ͵Ųһ㡣
ʱš
Сʱת۱ȥˣǱҲȻƹԼʱϱ㵽Ҳ׼ʱ׼
ֻǱʵǿɱܹŹȥҪָʢʱڣҲҪ൱ʱ䣬ڵҲƾԼطþŲڵֻذǿָͨλ
׿Ϸʱ䡣
һһʱȥ
ǱҲȫ׼ĺҪסˣοһֱͷĲǻҪлͱƣѶ֪֮
ˣ
ԼʱһǱȻһ֮ڱͬʱ׼ƹҲͬʱ֡
һһһһڵرͬʱ
ʱҲǡͷʹƿصĿͬھֲٵһ˲䣬ǸҪ˵ǱЯҰɱ
𣡡
һ̺еһּܣ֮𶯵ͷ겻֮£һ
أ
ǽƵҲ֮ѿ
һ͵ݳһ͵лߣǱҲڵһʱɱ޵ľŲʷǰݺݵĳȥ
أ
Ųʷ˷ӦҲޱȣѸٵʩչʮʷִֵ֮УٵܹԽսͷǱĲ൱ͨ켶λܹܡ
ֻһ£Ųʷ˱Ĳҽһɳȥǧ׵ľ롣
һ֣ǱβҲ˳ƺɨȥ
죡
һϵеĶ磬κ˷ӦĻᣬ̺Ž˳βصɨԶͨϡ
ۣ
ѪŽԶͨľӹǱβնϣ裬Ѫɽ
ԶͨҲ꼸ܵĹأ޷̬ûΪһͬĵǧ֮Զ
ɱ
ͷת˲֮
ʹͷɫĹΣǰйһܷҲ׺ݵնȥ
𣡡
ǱȻڶ
µĹɵǣ޵Ļߣ񽣳벽ӹܡ
꣡
ܵ飬ҲʹͷϻһѺۣб˼
ಣݣ
̶춯
嶷ͷǹͷͬʱ
ǱɨûͣЪ

ǹͬʱǱ
ǱǿͷҲĵοҲδָͷԷ£ѪҲ˳ȥٶס
ɲȶΣһһŲ
䡭
ɢųǺľŲ
˭뵽ɱǱȻܽŲʷֵı죬ҲǾͷǿйϵµľŲ𶼸תˡ
ͷͱŲɱͷ弸ڵ
Ǳ±ƣɱͷǰ󲻹һӵʱ䣬ȴͷ塣
˻
Ųʷ˱ŭ
κξͷ˵Ǳĳ֣һͬȼĵ˰ˣǶԷԣǿζеĳ֣ݵģˣҲ᲻ϧ۵ķɱǱˡ
񲻵δȻĲꡣ
ǿ벻̡
ŭľŲʷ˻Яʮʹ⻪ͬһ棬Խǧ׾룬˲Ϣ׺ݵĳײ
ޣҪѪծѪǱǿŭɱԾŲʷ˺֮ǡ
䣡
񱩵ȻѸٵĻǱ棬ʹǱʮ׳ĺĽĹҲޱȵĳײȥ
ӰѸٵײһ
ء
Ĳҽײ˶ľĴͷҲǸеһ˿Īľ塣
ǿҰȹľŲʷ˾ȻǱֱӸײı飬껯Ƭ˷ȥǿǱһǿֲƸӴ߷۷壬һͷ֮ޣ֮Ĳ٣Ѫ죬ԾǸеޱȵĿ⣬˼硣
ǱײѸٵĻٶ۳ɾŲʷ˵ӰֻѾͨ켶λĵزҲ˵뿪ĲѾ𽫽֮ģھŲʷ˱˵ҲأҪȫָҪ൱ʱſԡ
𣡺𣡺𡭡
һ쳹ؼ䡣
ÿһǱƾͻᱩһ֣Ȼսͻһ֣ϼŵҲ˾ǣǵԾŲʷ˵ı֮ŲȻҲڲϵš
ãҪͻƣɾ;ͷ֮𣡡ʹͷ
ɾ;ͷҪչ귽ܳɹԶʥʵҲǻһ²ųɹģȴҪͻƣⲻ·ԶͨЦ
ͷ統ǿľ磬Ҳǹߵļ𣬵ȻҲй˵йԽͷģҲһִ˵ھͷֿеһݳĽˡ
ͻƾͷҪԪ֮࣬޷ͨ£һ˲һԪ޷㣬ҪԪǰ䣬ˣҪĴʱ䣬οһͷǴģĳȡԪȻᱻ˷֣ӶܱƻҪɾ;ͷҪʱǷǳɹ۵ġ
ͻƾͷʱ򣬸ΣգűȻ߻ħһ
ʣ֮£˭ͷǰͻƣǲ
ǱԽԽǿԭֻͨ켶λҲգۼ䣬Ӳ˰ͷĸ߶ȡ
⻹ֹȻڷ賤֮С
ԶлͱƿͬľҲǱΪΪʲôҪðأ
ֻ˵ʵ̫ʵ޷С
ǰ龫֮һѾתΪԵˣҲʥ֮֮Ϸɱ֮ڣбɱһҪ߶Ҫ൱ſԣһʩչͬһл˵
Ѿʩչ˸ı֡
ˣȻС
΢һͷʾͬ⡣
ла鹵ͨȷʩչȻ֪ͨƣǱͬʱʩչһΪǿͼ


1804  ޵б
ޱȣԴǰȥаżʱҲȥڣδ֮ҲΨлɾͰˡ
Դӷа֮󣬱
аս־ɣսһģԶ򣬶⣬ԱƾͽյĪڸа飬ʹаս
˷֣ͬʩչġǣ궯
ǣ궯ǱںȫµĿľҪԼꡣ
Ϊˣǰͷֽƣδɹġ
һ̣л۵ױ㸡һĨĽ⣬걻̼ڱ֡
лŬԼƽ
Ѿںϵ꣬ɲԭԵͬսó۲ſԣҲΪʲôں֮󣬸ͷԼ˽Ϊлѽԭ򣬶ۺһģǳȴл֮⣬֪ġ
ˣΪ֣л΢΢ͷ۾ֹ˷֣Ķ۵Ŀһ˿˿ʼָ۹ȥͬʱлսҺ̬Ҳתܹ߶ɱġ
ֻһʧɫþͷɱڳ͡
£ֲ϶ֳͷעģʧ൱صľŲʷܹͬӦ
ǱͻƣѾ˼磬ǡýлߵı仯
𣡡
ڰ
ǱȻһһƵĹӹȫǱԶͨµ˿˲Ϣָ
𣡡
ھȻһѹ𶯵Ķ񵺳ѺۣһԪԶ۶ɵӰЩģǱһ޶
ʣʹͷɫڱˡ
ȶԶͨҲ¶һĨŨصɱ⣬ٶ۳һֳľɱ
һɱֳڣľ̻һĨĽ⣬ռ谭ɱǱ
λָʱͻƣɾʣǱһʣͷˡʹͷȵ
Ҳȳ֡
񽣻գҰ޾ͱ˺һ谭
ͷ嶷ͷҲ׷׳֡
ΨоŲʷĿţû˿Ķ˸Ļȴǰһʮʹ⻪ķֳǾŲʷĵƣʮʷ
ͷ˳֡
ǶǴűɱƳġ
𣡡
ʮը죬ǾԪ۵Ǳתȥһ³Ǳڣһ۷塣
ͬʱĴͷҲȻ
ͷΧˣǱۿ䣬է֣һɵĹζȻȫ˼Ϊһ壬˼ıԴ֮
ãͨʹͷ
ԶͨľХһ˽һȻնȥҪһз
ǱһΣȻùԶͨĹ
ͬһ㣬ˢһ£ͷϵɹһӻɢ
žžž
ͷʱգȻıˡ
ǵԾɴžȡ
վǾͷĲ꣬ǽһɣ֮һѺۣҪѽʹͷѸٵѽ
𣡡
߳ȥǱѸתһȻʮףͷ塣
أأأ
УͷȻ顣
Żǿޱȵǣգۼ⵽شѸٵĻ䣬꣬Ųʷ޼ˡ
˷Ϊʧء
ݣ
ȴʱľŲʷҲڳ֡
ʮʷȻ
ǾŲʷѾãٶȴ߶꣬ʵ֮󣬷ıɱһ
ʮʷ˲񷣬ɵʮʹ⻪Ƿ֮תɲǼΪؼ㣬һأѹ˼磬˼·Ҫһ֮±Ƶء
ϱɱһ
ŲʷΪ˸Щվڵ֮ϣĿ͸Ц⡣
ʩչǱûжֿˣϾǱȻسͷɾɾ;ͷ൱Ĳ࣬Ͼͷɲô˵ɹɳɹģԶĺܡ
𣡡
ǱȻʹ󣬾ʮʷ֮ǰͻȻһŤͷ
ǣ
ŵһĻˡ
ͷ嶼ҪʮʷȻǱһڸҧסˡ
ͷסʮʷ
ǺεȵܣͷҲһԲţ˭֪ʮʷǴ˵еϴڣĨɱͷܡ
Ѱ·ŲʷЦֹڳͷȻһͷ㱾ɱۼʷڵ󲿷Ҫ޸ɱɵӳԾֻǰͷˣҪֵʮʷѰ·
˵䣬ϵľŲȻ
䣡
ŲתһУһӱʮʷβ
ˢ
ɲǼ䣬ʮʷ⻪ʢԭеľŲҲضʮɫʣΪʮǾŲʷʮʷµط
ʮʷܹ۳ɾаٷ֮ʮʮǿܹʥɺɨһС
ȥɣŲʷ˳˻һ߶ʮʷһҵĲҪǱ
һʮʷָɣôǱȻǱĨɱˣûеڶֿܡ
Ǳһ˫Ŀ¶֮顣
Ųʷ˸оһ˿Īľ壬УƺӦʲô
ˡ
ʮʷǱͬڲĲһƵδɢʮʷ棬֮һɳǵĺǱϵء
žžž
ٶȹͷ
Ҳ⣬оǵĺ⣬·Ҫǵ궼
Ųʷ˸ǲ⣬ѸٵĽ

Ц
Զͨ߷棬氡δɾͷȳе츳ɱûЧѾ׶ϾΪͷϣسͷļ󣬸ɼ츳ĳͷΪѾʧȥ˳ΪͷĻᣡ
ˣ
ҧסʮʷñ֮޷ĨɱȴǱظˣһ޶

ĴͷȻ顣
ǵٶȥ㡣
ͬģ׼ûֵԶͨ΢΢һΣȴûʲôˡ
ˢ
ľٿȻ𣬶Ǳնǿһʮʷʱ̣ɱ
ովľԶͨɫȻһ䣬ŭƹ죬ұ壡
ȴڵƹɱԶͨ帽˻ԵĴ
ԶӵΣգһܵͷ磬Ȼ󱻲ɱġ
Զͨ죬ﻹȥʲôر淢һУתҪع鱾塣
𣡡
Ҳʱը졣
ǱȻ˦ͷ­Ǳ˺ҧŵʮʷȻ˦˳ȥ渽ŵı֮ٿȻʧٶȳֳʮ
Զͨ߱ŭѣȴҲûֵֵֻܳ
䣡
ľʮʷ


1805  ңлһ

ոٶȱľŲʷ˿һĻʱ˻𣬾壬˫۾Ѫɫˡ
ʮʷ˵ܹΪۼҲͨ켶ˣѷɫľľʣһ㡣
ͬ
ӷǱνĳͷʼĿľȻǴ߷е츳츳ΨдﵽʼſԾ߱ǱվɱȻ׶ϾΪͷĿܣԷų޷Ǿǽ֮۳ȿ˵ܹͷ츳
ǱǡǡǱԵģʮʷ໥ơ
츳ʮʷ档
ʮʷ𲻿ܱٻɱȻܵһ̶ȵһ㣬ŲʷȫţΪǱܹ԰ͷܾ֮ͷĳ壬츳һ֮ǿҲԽġ
ܵʮʷǿʢľԿ
ʲô
ʹʮʷĲŲʷȫ߶ҲȻ޷ӳǿֻһʮʷؽܵԵĴ

ľʮʷļˡ
ײ촫
ʮʷһ޲渽ŵϸСëǳһϸ΢ƣ֮㱩ˣŲʷһУһеĳȥʮʷ
ͬʱǱҲȻȥ
һʮʷżع鱾ԶֱͨǰһǱȻǰ
䣡
ǳԶͨ塣
һ
ԭΪǿԶͨ⵽ǱĳĴͷµĵز
Ѹٵķϣ
Զͨߵ¶֮ɫ
ǱȻ⵽˵׼ɫҲһ漴ɫ䣬Ȼ߿մ
ոһһ׺ݵĽȻӵ´ܳ
ƹ죡
Զͨ⵽ƹ칥ŸǱɳ֮ƹٴγĿǱ
ƹҪһãشԶͨҪɱǱ
ݣ
ǲȱʥͨ죬˿ѷɫκͨ켶ƹ͵Ϯһ֮£ֱӴǱ¶ӱͶһ⡣
Ѫ䡣
Ǳʹ˻βҲ׺ݵɨȥ
أ
ƹ챻ɨȥȴûʲôˡ
˵Ǳٵĳ졣
䣡
ոشԼʮ׵ĸ߶ȣնȻ˺ѿһӰͻأ֣ǺȻһͷ
ͷһѷ񵶣նӹĺȻǱĲҪնǱͷ­
Ҿͷ
Σʱ̣ǱȻһͷͬʱһ˪۶ɵĻڲ棬γɺ׵ı
Ҿͷͷ֮һз
һѵء
ǣ
£Ǻ׵ıնϣǱ츳ޱȣɱϾǲִʩչܹ֮ӵޣֱӾͱն飬ǿֲҲûĲڡ
𣡡
ǱȻͷһӼס񵶣β֮ȥ
أأ
ҾͷԭΪһɱģϾõ˵Ѿﵽ£Ѿͷ۷ˣ֮Ǳ⵽ƹϮ͵Ϯȴû뵽Ǳ׺Ȼֵܹܹ
Ҿͷĺɳȥһ˿Ѻۣ漴޸
Ǳڵأлϣ䵲סߴͷţͬʱ˿Ѹٵı
һӱý
˺ƹͷҾͷͷͳͳܴأǱ˵
ƣıƹ죬죬벻ȻԤıԶͨ
ƹЦıϼ޻սթԶͨصĴۣߣ㱾屻նһرԴ֮أⲿ⵽ǱشҪٻָ۷״̬ҲҪʮĹֻҪƽǱ龫ʮ꣬㹻ǳԽˡ
λҪлˣ棬һ֪Ȼб龫ءҾͷɨһͷλֶΰȻɱҷҺ׼ҶԱ龫ĸӦߺߣ׼ǱϼһһǰͽչУȻҪλˡ
ʹͷɫѿ
ͷͷ伣˵˼Ĵĳ˵ϣͷǾͷˣҪٶȻָҪ൱ʱ䣬ʶͷ磬ȸӦַ⵲˷Һ׼ҿܸӦ׼һ˵ǾͷǡչأϾ֣ɷҾͷȻƹϵˡ
˿˷۱
ͷܵ˲˵ֲܻһ˿ı龫ƹͷõ֮ΪԽǣԶȡԶʥʵʤʵˡ
ƹ죡Ǳ׺ݵĶƹ졣
ƹһЦ˺Ӧк֣Թңֻܹ̫ǿ츳֮Ժ󼴱ͷҲǾͷݺ޵ˣʥ֮ģԸ
ʥ֮ģ
ǱӴڵлԣ֪ԶʥµνʤʵΪʥ֮ġ
ֻǲ֪ʥ֮ĵʲôΪλͷ˷ľٶ
Ҫɱңƾ㱾ʮ֮һʸ񣡡ǱȻˣǿ֮ǰɨͷƣ֪ǿ
ƹͷһۣͬʱһЦûǱȷ̫⣬õͷǾħ޾ͷƺõԶʥʵĵ㲦ܾܿԶʥѡеʥ֮ĵĵ
Ʊ磬λҲӦòµ˰ɣ
Զͨͷ˴˿һۣĬˡ
Ҳ϶ǱԶʥѡеʥ֮ĵ
λƹ쿴ͷ΢΢һЦȻˣӦʥ֮һǱţȻԶǰȥѰ֮ںϣǾ͸ûлõʥ֮ģʶҽλ֣вǱΨˣҵȲлʥ֮ġ
Զͨ۵ɫ쳣ɭɭĶƹ죬ãããǵ͹ƹˣұ壬ҵܴȴҵȲò֣Ǳʱ龫ȴҪ˶ߡ
ˡƹЦ
ԶͨŲʷˣʹͷͷͶ嶷ͷͷɫޱȡ
ǵӿŵŭɽ񵺸ճɻҽ
ƣȴ֮ϣɱǱʥ֮ĻѰǱģǷŹλᣬôǱһָɾͷͷһߣս̫ǿɺɨͷˣҲԽɱ
ԱƹͷɱǱ
ôб˶ͷõȴҪչ൱ʱ䣬ſָܻʱʵҪѷɫõ龫ͷԶȡʥ֮ĽĲ


1806  ңл
ǱڵлڲľƣҲһ֪Ĺؼʱ̡
ֻҪǱһôͱƵҲˡ
ƻᱻɱлԼ˵ǾԶ̬ͨԲǺ£ܱ硣
ƹǵĻл
ߴͷΧˣǱһߴͷֻǲƣվǾͷƹͷ˿˶ûУͷǱָܹ߿ܣȻֻһ

л岻ɵñ
ڶ߲ϵţƺаʩչǣ궯һǳɬʩչ񣬸ѵǣǳĳҲֻǲŽӽ
Ҳ
лһ˫۾Ѿױ˽ɫ걻ı֣ӿȵҺ̬ںսƺƵĻлָɱڣ߶ƥһ
ΪֹлоҲֻܴ߷֮
Ҫһʱܹȫ߷

лһԼ밲Уľۿ״̬Ψ˲ſܲĽС
ͬǱҲս֪߰ǲˡ
Ψһս
ǱԶͨĵǣľΨƽ֣ƹͷá
ʹͷԣǰԼǣǵõǽĲǵõҲǻָ֮ǰ״̬ˣȻԱƽ⡣
ŲʷˣͷͶ嶷ͷҲ㶼ͷͬ⡣
ͣ
ƹͷЦ
λǻǳ룬ƾڵҶ˶֣Ѳǻܹ籾ٶ겻ɣƹЦ
д⣡
Զͨߵ
һ䣬ľȻһء
ݣ
Хľɲʧ֮Ѹ̼Զͨٶͷǿȡ
㣬㾹Ȼľ˲꣡ƹ쾪㵵
ԶͨЦľϵͨ켶ܹõģľعұڣı춯Ҳҷֺ
ʹͷˡ
˾ͷͬٶת޶ͷǿȡ
嶷ͷһɬ֮Ϳѿһ϶ֵڶ嶷ͷ֮ڣҲ֮塣
ͷһǻУ˼ҲڣѸٵ
ֻգۼ䣬Ĵͷͷ硣
ûôֶΣȴɴӱƵȡʼձһǿȡŲʷĵʮʷһ㣬ͿһĹӵðʮʷȻںϣʵ
ʹͷ۶žŲʷˣʮʷȻ
ǶǽһЩӡڱУ˭Ҳ޷ӱٶȡģΨоŲʷ˾ʮʷȻܴơ
ɱǱ֮󣬶λߣȻĻߺߣλ֣λⲿɱġԶͨɭɭĶƹͷͷڳв֮ԡ
ԭΪʤյͷȴδ뵽ͷȻطһۣɵһЦ
ǻûа취ͷ㣬ܹٶȡ
ǱԲãҪǶ֣ʹͷɲٽ֦ϽĿǱ
ԶͨߵܹǶʮ֮һ԰ˣ
Ǳ¶׳֮ɫ
ҲҪߴͷش
ǰ˵ߴͷʮ֮һĻǻǱ׼ƴһսʱл
лȽȽգƯڰС
ͻȻ죬ߴͷǱһ㶡
Сӹƶˣթޱȣҳͷ̣ɱƹлĺ⣬˿ȶԶͨĺ٣ͻĸ𣬻еһҪɱлˣҲµԶ֮ͨԱסлԭȻӲš
лһ֣ƹ˵ӽն
ʥ;ףһƿն
ž
Ǳ֣Զͨһץͽǽץˡ
ǱƿϹʥлţ˭ɱұ֮ݣԶͨ
Ļͷͬʱһݡ
ݣھͷ֮ǴδйģҪ֪ͷ𣬺ɱģҶܰϧԼë˭ԸȥأмĶԹֻҪ漰ԼİȫǿõģдӲĳҲԳɾ;ͷġ
ԶͨȻ˵ݵĻȻ˾ȡ
лҲƲѡ
лԹܷҿɱһꡣԶͨ
лߵÿ𡣡
ˣ㣬ɱǱԶֱ̧ͨץ˹ȥ

лȵ
Զͨߵͣ㻹ʲôҪ˵
ϣȻشһ⣬ʥ֮ģкôл
֪Զͨشͣٵٶȳ֡
𣡡
Ǳ׳Х죬񱩵ı֮һ½Ƴ飬ĵɱ̤ҵʬ塣
ƹ״һĨɱǱ
ͷ׷춯
ͷ˷ǳ˵û֣ԶͨɫĿ£ǽɱǱĻᣬлһնɱȻѾ²⵽Լлԭˡ
һܹͷ
ǱٵĶһ֣㼴ߣһ
ǰǲµģѾа취Ըǡл˵Ҳ֪Ǳ⣬ɲͣѸٵĴ߶ɱ䣬˵ǰߴͷ궼бʮ֮һ꣬ǻ𣬶жˣ
ʮ귽ָܻڴڼ䣬Ͼע˼رǱش㲻Ҫ
ʮ귽ָܻ
˵һɱߴͷ꣬ǾҪչʮ꣬˼ҲҪʮʱ䣿
Ǿ۷״̬Ҫ˼رϣƶҪĹڼʮ꣬ʮ֮󣬲˼磬ҲҪʮܹȴͷ֮⣬ľǰͷҲûͷųһ˿꣬Ҳ޷
ʮ갡
лĶҪˡ
ӵпռ֮أأаżʥأŸܾʮĻû޳ɾͷ𼶣ͨͨ켶Ѿ൱ˣ˵Ļгɾ;ͷ˻ʣŻܾͷǱĻӣʥҲΪһˡ

뵽лЦǱĻ
ͻأЦߴͷһǱķǾͷǸںǱҲˣΨлǱͬ
ǱǴģͷͷսĿǰıָ֤
лǱԶͨһЩϵʶЩĴ㵡
ߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ǾûɣлЦУʳָһ㡣
ɱ֮ױ


1807  ݱ䡾һ
̺ű֮һ֮ں϶ɵɱ֮ױжǿл֪Ϊȫ߷֮еͱһգʩչ˲Ϣָ츳ûлᣬǰһڣʧȥ֪
лӻѾ֮
ܣȻʥ
лͷЩʹڵսЩݽߣûиչ׿Ϸ͸׵ֵܹڼ֮׵ػţĻ·ӷ硣
û뿪˵ء
ʥƽľָԼ
˵ض֮˵أ΢һлս㿪ʼѸٵĻָٶǷǳġ
һȥˡ
лսŻָҲȵķ֣ȻΪоԭʮս۷弶һֻ̤λľ磬һԵһ±ɿλء
ڹսлԼ壬޴󰭡
Ҳֻ̫ȻǻģѾˣлҲֻǸеһЩƣˡ
˵屣ס
ֻǴ߶ɱģں֮Ҫ߶㹻Ĳˡлµĵˣһս֮󣬽أ
뵽Ժб㸡ֳ龰
߶ɱ֮лˣǻ֮ǰߴͷʾľ£֮£ֻʮ֮һߴͷ˲ͱˣû˿ĵֿʮʷľŲʷҲһʱʮʷһ
Ƕ񵺵ķѡ
ˣлûӡ
뵽뿪Ｋ֮׵򣬹Ȼ·ӷػš
Сӣˣ涼ˡ·ӷ翴лϲĵ
лһݣˣ
Ҳ֮󣬱͵ҾػţһУһԿ϶·ӷ˵ÿлص񵺷ˣ
ѣѾǽʲô棬ηѣлȻ
˵ķǶ񵺱Ǹ·ӷʧЦ֪СʲôֶΣȻһΪΪ˶ˡ
лҲɵˡ
񵺣ǿǱ´½ٵģ˵񵺣ΪϴͨĵģʵԳΪ½ġ
Ȼһһ½ֳݡ
ˣл
Ҳ֪ΪİΣԽڼ֮ϵģԻָܿ죬ɲ룬СӲ֪ģȻԶĽʥʱ䣬ͻָˣ̫ˣǳȥѹ϶һսҪˡ·ӷ
˱ٵ뿪
ϷĽҲƿ棬ʱͿڴ˴ˮϦԼĴҸ֡
㡭ˮϦл֣ʶľҪȥȻﵽ𾳽磬ľܿƽû°ɡ
лЦҡҡͷû£
ˮϦ˵أϢҲʱĴݹ֪֮ġ
ܺãˮϦ
ܺãлȻʲô
ˮϦ۵ȻһĨдлߴͷʮ֮һرȴŲʷ˺ƹһ֮⣬ȫĨɱҲһΪҲߴͷҪչƿƻعر緽¿һʱͨ˼硣
л֮ǰǱἰõҲһãʮĴϢᡣ
Ҳˣ򶼲˼ر类ԷʳԶ˾ٴ룬˼رٴκƽֶԸˮϦ˵
ǻʸ𣿡лߵ
ȻٶȺҲл֮УϾڵľǵرϣʥǶʵȻУԿ⣬Ψ̻ЩְˣǴѾʧ㹻Ķ࣬ʸֶ⣬ȫԽλ˼رϣܵ׳Լ
ˮϦҲòˣΪ˼̫ǿˣҪɱȣҪнǵ̵ܹͼı˼磬ȻĻƾʥ֮ǿгֵĻ»ʧء
˼ǿô£л
ӦģˮϦ뵽ʲôл뿪һڡ
лЦ˲ҪҵĻɡ
˾֪컬ࡣˮϦֵһĨ鿴лȻĶолĿˮϦȻ˰벽æ˵㵽벻֪
밡˵лἰ£Ҳ
ˮϦǰ˼Զô򵥣ߴͷʱ˻ʴϢ˵ǰ˼ܿһռС磬Ѿв֪ٸˣǱعƣҲܹʥǿǵܵӰǳ٣λĸֿܸ࣬ƴĻʤҲǲʤݷʮ꣬ıδ棬οĻҲҪڵرԿܿȫͬв䰵δƶϣܿĳط
лüͷһ壬⵹δ뵽ġ
ˣֻܼάֱ˵ľٶ
ƽ⣬Ծƽ⡣
Ȼƽ˭ƣʥǣͬ壬ԶͨƵԼƹƿصֻֻ֣ʱ֣в;
ߴͷʮ֮һǾŲʷ˺Զͨ껹ҪһߣȻ˶޷رֻܱչǶǵĺҲǿ뵽ģ֮ĽˣҲ뻢ıƤоǣǰʩչбǰԶͨڵرѾӵϧһд㣬оǲϧһдնɱ̣ӵϢǣϧһдۻɱ㣬ϧһд̡ˮϦ˵
лһ£ǷʾŲʷ˺ԶͨѾǾء
ˮϦӦòˡ
֮ǰľҲôûֱӽ棬ѾΪ֣˴ˣ֮ǵ˵ġ
һҪһ̽һҪ̽̽õֻط˴͵һױԴ֮𣬲ٶȫġлһ˿ЦвµһЩʲô޷ȷǷʵ
ˮϦԶͨ;ŲʷˣͷҲֻǲ²ģ˭Ҳ֪ʲôı
лҲ֪ܹŪģ㻰һתǱˡ
ˮϦɫһ±


1808  ݱ䡾
ˮϦɫ仯лһ
ʲôˣл
֮ڵرˣһЩԭǱˮϦ̾һǱɱվδӹһ
ʲô
鼱֮£лһץסˮϦļͷص˵ʲôǱˣ
ˮϦüһ侲һ£˵ʱû
һƽϢľ
лľˣǱԣôشӵǱʥǽ޸֮Ƽ
ǹغش
ô¡л
ǱɱѾ;ƿݣճһǰѾɱˣֻʱ̣԰ͷ֮ӵΨоͷܼ츳תΣΪˮϦ͵
ͷ츳лҲеõ֤ʵ
֮ǿ󣬲ͷǶݺ磬Ĵڣԭһɾ;ͷ۳һԼ츳κ࣬ˣħ޵ȶ޷е
һ츳Ƕǳ׵ģͷ
ҪۣΨгɾ;ͷ֮𷽿ԡ
Ǳ԰ͷ֮߱츳Ҳǿ˸ˣ԰ͷ֮ǿл츳ĽֻһԶ޷ͷУǱսͨ죬ԶͨųƵͷǿ߶ɵ֣֮츳ҲΪǾͷ֮һˡ
ȻˣΪλҪ˵һл
ˮϦЦΪڵӡǱʱԶͨͰ֣ǱֶΣһǰǱڻħ޾ͷľܹǽ̫ˣһ䣬ԶͨµֶȴãԭǱֻģΪӳʱƽ⴦֮ҲǸһЩۣоʥľǿռ磬Ǳ˿ӳ֮꣬󡭡
꣡
ǱȻֻڴﵽԺ󣬱ɳ˵ֻһ˲ˣߴͷԱչʮ귽ָܻô̫ˣʮ˵ͬ˯һ㣬⣬лʥȴҪؼʮƴԼΪлϣ
û֪֮Ǳ䣬˲֪ƾǱֲսҲûһͷƣҲӦЩʱգɴ¼ȻԶͨΪ϶֪ģ鷳ˡлüͷƽ֮
ˮϦҡͷкûһնԶͨıԴ֮ˡ
Ȼûа취
Դ֮ǾԶͨҪɱ¾Ĵͷֶ޷ģһζߣԶʥҲȻ
Ǳע
£Ҳȥ˷֮ǺʵӣҪӦǺʵҲȥ˼飬ҪҸ㣬˼һУƿ֮УֻҪЩʱ䣬꣬꣬ɽ˼رϾʥƿءˮϦ
лȻҲ̫˰ɡ
ˮϦЦҲΪм£㻹֪ʥѾɽ\Ԩƣб˻ʴϢлһǾǰϹʥ뿪˼ʱҲһռС磬ﰲʮ֣Ѿﵽ˷ǳ˵֡
Ҳڹ˼ˡл
˼磬в޷ǾԼħڵرǿȴվޣʥǵϹʥµǿĨɱģټǻۣ˭ܷˣ
պʵлҲ㳤ʱ䶺ڵհݷǱҲֻ֤ʵͬʱҲʶĶǷѳ֣ǽ˷ٶּ֮˿ռڵһأľӶᣬҲʥڵľԸֵõĻᡣ
һжɵĽš
̸֪ʵлҲҪһټ뷨ˣʧ̫󣬶ߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ҲǶлʥǺ֮ǣԶͨǶ񣬶ҴŻ֪ǱΨʶлΨһǾʵҲʥǵһУͳͳ峿·ʵڡ
Ϻ캣Ӵ󣬻Ϊ崦Ϻ´½ңԶмкҴ˵صԪҲܳ棬ϺĺûжռݣϺϵҲձƫ͡
ʱһʢᣬۼʮ֮ڡ
ʮ֮ڣķռݡ
ιǴҶˣڱȹ涨ʱ䶼˰СʱˣҪټȥǿɾƻˡ
ǰҲл;𼶵ĺޣѾء
лඡ
лҪˣǲһ
ŻǱȽϰĵһҺġ
µıռݱλãǵĸ֣Ϊ֮л䶯죬һϮ£˫ֵһǿ߷緶ҾɢҲ˶϶ʵѾͻͽﵽ˾˵ĵز
䶯ǵĸ֣ԴӹŽ屻֮Ѿͷ年ˣ䱳󲻷ֵּ֧ң¼ҺԪҵĸ֣ʵΪ١
бվ֣
ֻ֣ȴǺܲԸ֣վŵĳȴ֣ĸ֣ҲûԼݣʲôӥˣʹˣ˵ȵȡ
Դһ屻ȷ߹֮壬תͶʥǣ֣һӵ䵽˱㣬ǿ⣬Ҫ˵ʥˣȲ֮£֣Ͷ硣
˷ĥѵ֣ҲĨƽǣİȫ¿ޣõ˻ʺϹʥʴе۳Լ壬ȫޣһȫµ۷壬Դ˴κʵ֮УҲǱмġ
һʥˡ
ͬǣʥ˷վǰ칬ĸ֣ʥ˸򱻰ں󷽣ҲΪֻ֧֣ЩνĿɽɽʥɽһģֻǾȫɨˣٷְƿʥˣҪһʱſԡ
ʣµȻʥǸ֣ԱΪףռǰλãεĵȴлĵֻǣ֣ȺܲˬǣվŮֻʥǵһСԾǸеĪľ壬ǱǴ壬ʥˮ壬ʥľ壬һǴû뵽ġ壡


1809  ʵһ
˼ߴ壬֪
˵޷𾳽磬˭֪һƣߴֻҪڣȻһϯ֮صģǿ塣
һʣȻʥǣѩͶǣ塢ʥľ塢ʥˮѾΪʥмһֱδ̬ıֻˣߴйϵĹһ壬˭£֪ʲôطδٴγȻҲΪʥһԱ
ߴ壬ĴΪʥǵĳԱƾĴƾ㹻øɵˣĴϹǿҳΪʥʵڱ̬ʽ͵ҹħ壬壬ǼңҵʥǵжǿȻܹ²ĵģԼǣ֣棬ʥһݾ¡
ʵʱƵģǹʱ䣬˭޷뺣ʵ￼ۿʱ䲻ţ칬Ϊ֮ЩͷĿˡ
üһڡ
ߣл˵ʱˣҲ˷ʱ䣬ǿܴʧʵҿҪǲУɴɱǣȡöԿױǡվԱߵһɭɭĵ
˭Ҫɱʥ֮ˣ
Ȼ䣬һըװ춯
һһ֮ңԶĶһߣ쭶ʱǧ֮⣬һ£Ѿ⵺Ϸ
˺Ȼл
лˡ
л٣̫ˣڸʱˡ
ʥǷȻһƬ֡
лͶȥһƲ޵գգۣûİһۡ
ʥʾ⡣
壬лҲû⣬̸ʱȻ֪ʥǣʵ֮ǿҲЩΪ徹ȻзʮһµĿռС磬ȻƵӰ죬˵𼶣ֶء
лתԵĺߣĵڽҪɱʥǵģ
һѹȻѹ칬֡
ȻǺ󷽵ʥ˵ˣδԣаٷ֮ʮɽƿصģҲʥǵ
㲻Ҫ̫ˣܵ麣ʵʵŽĺüЩ£ڵлպա
лߵҪɱ߾ͷ꣬ʱ䣬ѵ𣿡
вš
˭֪ɱ߾ͷʮ֮һ֮ǰǾˣ˭˵أǿǾͷʮ֮һ갡붼˸е־塣
ſҪ༥վûе˵
´˵Сĵ㣬ߣлߵʥǷ棬վڱ裬Ůм䡣
湻ģڶˣĺܸ˰ɡ
ٺ٣սлЦ
ߣûĺһսԣԽ·ӷ磬˷ȳڱչأҲѹֵĺܣлڶŴδչĺܡ
㣬ҪĽˣǽ뺣ʵжսʱ򣬿϶ɱʹ졣Ц
ӣȥҲ̫ˣȤ󡣡
лԾһ䶯죬֣ӿɶʮսʼˣ˵ʮս۷弶ŷǳĲ࣬ǱϾʮսˣҪ룬϶ŵģȻˡ
ע⵽ΪȻҲͻͽﵽʮսʼұȳǿʢ࣬Ҳѷɫ
лɸпŮ֮죬ѷɫЩȣԾ˼ʵĺء
л֣þòҿǱлЩµսˣش˷лҲǶԺʵڱصðɡ䶯
ֿˣŲղȻʮսʾ磬ϲɺذл׵ĵ
䶯ЦѷɫллѾʮս۷弶˰ɡ
лʼ磬۷弶ҲʮսʣҾͬ
л̫佱ˣʮս۷弶ǿȳ߽ʮĲ࣬Ǿ͵߽սʺսʵľ룬ҿɲҺлֱƴʲô硣䶯쵭ĵлּȻˣǲҲÿʵˡ
áлͷͬ⡣
䶯ʵףҪʱϽвЧȻɣڻвʮӱ޷򿪺ʵλ뽫еԿóɡ
˵Żһ߳
Ҳ߳һˣ˳ĺͨȥҲʮӡ
лɨһۣɵͷһݣȻδܿ˵Ϊ
֣Ҳȥɡӵ
š
վһݵһȺķλá
ʵлȻϣλлЩȻȻҲ͸Ϊģͬ䶯֮ˣʵǻĪ
졣
Դл֣۶л֣챻һ¼ͷζлĳޣ˵ͷ
֣ͷ֮ˣ綷ˣΪȴûڲԼʵȻλĸ֡
лаֹ׼˷ʵ֮Уûôˡ
ֻлһ㲻˵Ƿз֧֣ɳһ͸Ϊĸֿ⣬֣֧֣칬֧ߣνĸ˭
ǲǸ֣εȴϻۣһ۱㿴леʡ
л˵ͷ
ʥ֮ԻûбƵɽȫƿأΪ칬£֧ߣɽ洫Ϣܿڰͷ֮һƹƵĵر
ԭˣҵˣаʥض̲ˣ칬峤ƿصİѪħ󣬸ɽڣܴȻƹƵȡϵл
ʥǷ棬Ȼл衣
ʵҪʵף;ŰԿס
ʥԭԿһѵģֻ칬ƿѣɽ\Ԩĸлˣҵһѣ˱ʹʥԿף˽뺣ʵ֮ǰԤȫϡ
뵽ЩлڴʵڵʲôȻˡ
оŰԿ׵˱ͬʱĵص㡣
˷ֳķռһ롣
ʵķشҶ֪˰ɣǾͿʼɡ䶯
˷׷׵ͷ
лЦ˼Ҳ֪

˵䶯죬֣л֮ǶΪ֮һ㶡
Ͻ͵;ںϣԿ֮ڣȻһѪ棬ˡ
Ŷ֪ˡлͷҿʼɡ
壬һж
Կ׳Լʮףǽ֪ʲôϴģ滹һЩͼһ㡣
˾;С


1810  ʵ
õľŰԿ׶ɢһŨŨˮʹȥˮ۶ɵһ㣬ͼҲͬת
ŰԿ׳ȴɫͬһ¡
Ǳ˴˿˶ԷһۣͬʱͷԵһѪϷ
ֲεĸֶԣֻһɣķѿ࣬ȺһѪ档
ˣ
õѪԿ׵ʱ
е;ҲһǸл޷֮ٶϵ
ҲһԿɢ𵴵˰벽
ǵҲȻɿ
ಣಣಣಡ
ŰԿ׷·һ㣬Է߿շ·һ裬ɫʿȥޱȡ
쿴⣬⵺ˡ
ʮ֮ڵĸַ׷ײ鿴
ԭϺʱȻ³ٶȲ죬žŰԿ׵ķٶԽԽ죬ǵ³ٶҲڼ٣صǣ³Ȼû뺣ˮУǺˮȴڵ֮ϣʲôص˺뺣ˮ֮ϵֻһζ½
ʱȻ׹ӦΪʵһ
䣡
³ǧ׵ʱ򣬺Ȼֹͣ
Ϸˮ죬ܺˮϣȴγһĿռ䣬㣬һˮ롣
ŰԿ׵ķ軺
ͣЪ֮˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ֻ֮оȻͼơ
ͼ
ĺʣ꣬ȻͨŰԿױٴһ
ܵľϡ
֮ˣҲеİ
žžž
ŰԿҲǿеͼǰ˴ϣϳһԿףȻɢ貵Ľ⣬ǽ㸽ͼ棬Կ׶ɢˣͼƱγ˽Ӳӵġ
֮һͼ洫
Ǿ޴ͼƱ㿪ʼų⣬ѸٵɢعȽɫĴš
ž֮ǰԿɿ
Կߣ뺣ʵ
ڴűŵɫĹڷԿ׵ľŸ˵ϡ
ҲԸеһ΢ǣ֮ɫŵǰ档
ǡ
ȽɫŻ
һϹʱϢɢӲǺظʮ㣬һµ̶ͨȣ㹻ʮ˲ͬеģ˹Ĳˣ˵˴˻ΣֻԼˣʶǾǲͬеģҸս׼
л˼ȭףֳ񵶡
ֳ񵶣ҲһƷսʼ񵶣ִŷż֮绷ţǵӷתƳȥһЩ֮磬Ϊá
һϮɫҹװְֳǹȼŵĺɫҹż֮ȻҹװԳʮսʵʵսһʮսʽӽ۷弶ĸ֡
Ҳ׷׼
䶯죬֣죬֮лǼʲôνҲ޷֮࿹⣬οһ㹻ˣб֧ء
лעߵˡ
䶯ߵԷĸ֣ԾŵĺȻǷ˻棬ڰ˴ֻ֮ķ˻棬ڷڣҲڷǳ߳ŵһѻ񽣣ƷҲǲ͵ģüҲֳһŻ״ͼУлȻеǻͼڴļµ
лҲʱ򻺻
Դ뿪㲻ϵҪۣҲ֪Ƿϴζ̫󣬾Ȼֱڲۿ
˷һлı¡
Ϊ۵Ȼˡ
ԭлҲֻǾ߱һЩû˿Լ飬ܹȡԷǷԼĻ⣬ȻиоÿһϵĲǿ
Ӧǿĺôǣܹ̽⵽˵ʵʵֶΣҲѶ㿪۵̽⡣
л۲鿴
Ҫһ֮£ɵõһ
ͬ䶯ǰĸ־ȻλʵҲ˵ѾӴλľ磬ãܿλľ硣
ţ
֮̾࣬лҲһ֮
ǾǴüĳֵĻͼھȻɢһ˿΢ģԺԲƵֵ֧ģܲġ
һ˿ͷ
лһ˿Ц˸Ǳһͷʵķ˼Ĵ˲꣬˵ףֻǿܰˡ
վǶԺʵĪҰġ
ֻǺʵ˵ܹƣݺ𣿵ĺĦѵ
л鿴Ƕֺνĸ֡
Ҳλʵ
Ҫһˡл㣬ʵڴ߶ɱ֮ҲȻһֻſ𾳽ʵλ֣һİգϾδﵽʮս۷弶ʵܹλӯӯʵȻҲڻ¡
ķⱻһͷط˿Ƶܣлܻɣһ뺣ʵܻͷųԽλϾܹͨһĴɴﵽ˵زط˵Ѿﵽ۷壬ˣ˵ƣ˷˲ͬʥǵĿռڣңȳĸ֣һû뿪ġ
ֻǺʵͬҲɸơ
Ȼǿսǧ򲻿䶯˽ӴмǣмǣлŮ
ͷͬ⡣
Ϊʲô費俴͸ʵҲλֹء
̫ѾԽλˡл
ȻսҲɵӣһ⻰ͬˡ
˱˴˼䶼ڹעԷ
Լ䶼С˽ֻǶиֶΣ˭ҲԷ˵ʲôֻܿ촽ڶ
̤ȴź󷽳ֵһͨ档
˫Ŵǽ̸һ󷨣˸ŵĹΣлȾ˾͸еһΣʱʧظУ¸һ鸡ǰʹ⻪ǾȻʮ֮ڵĸʧˡ
ȽɫȻš
ͨڡ
ֻû˾ټ
ಣ
۵ʱһӰ֣ȺдܳԾ˵ٶ˵ʵѾﵽӽ𾳽ĵز쵽˼ûзӦĵزһӱڡ
䣡
˸УҲ֪ͻȻһ׵磬д壬ʵӽĸ֣ʩչֵȴǺãֱӾͱһ׵ɱ˷ĩûʣ¡
ֱʱЩˣġ
ǳԿߣ޷롣
Ҳֻȴž˵Ϣ
ʱľȻ˫´棬ûʧظУеʹ⻪ʧˣȡ֮һɵĿռ䡣
˶ǷǷ֮ˣһ۱ɶ϶˵һռС硣
ǰʲôɽˮľɫʵͨͨ봫ǽͨвͬƺʲôãþ𺳵ǣͨȻż֣Ǿ˶ҪĿɿڴ֡


1811  Ļý硾һ
ͨĳ֣ͰǾķԸѡһͨԽȥ˵ȻԸ⣬˱ǲʱ͵Ϯ˵ڤڤеɺϣôּͨȴıֿ
һͨ֡
칬
ҲһͨҲ֡
ǣ
ͨ֡ʥǣʥǵͨϷ֣ͬ֡
ܹʮ֣ȴŴ󶥼ֶ¶ĪɫһĨŵı顣
˵ؿǿ˺ʵţ˵ǺʵˣȻеĹȻͬϾǺʵڡ
ʵǰԴӺĦʧ֮δ֣ǳֹĦ˺ὨʥǹرôĺʵھȻʮ֣ʮ뺣ʵн߰ʱ䡣
˵ʥ֣ĳʱùôǣ֣칬ûʹù칬Ҳǰֹ
ôּôһ¡
䶯ɻĵ
֣ҡͷģǻǾ˿Ķһ£οʩչȴδӦ
֣֣ǺʵĦµģȻʢĦλ뿪˼ģǴ˵ظƣ˭Ҳѱ֤ǷĽλ뿪ģпǳͨ켶ģӦҲ䶯쵭˵תͶллڶ֮ϣľܹ֮жǷɡ
֪治ٰл
䶯һЦлֿұĿ꣬Խл䶯ڵĿ꣬ȻҪúоһˡ
ʵʵ˵
лⲻǻ
κλġ
ǻֻһֿܡ䶯ɫȻǺĦѰʦԤδ֪ҵȾ˽뺣ʵģ
ֲῪЦɣʦȻǿǰ󽫽ܹ꣬Ԥ⵽֮顣л
Ǳط˿ƵĿܿˣǵõϢĦõһʱر˱ʱʮر֮һǳһʦһһرɴǳϵʱĴʦֵĻԤԵδʮڷ飬Ǿ˲꣬ȻԤ֮ڡ
Ŷô֪ģл
֪ƺûбҪɡߵ
ʼ磬л㵱ȻҪң˭ҶǷɱ¾ôأŲʷ˸ǴҪɱҶ죬԰ɣˣ
һ֣졢ӵԱһ䱸ĶŴˡ
˹һЦüļĻͼͷųһǿҲѸٵڣȡ֮һͷͨȼķꡣ
䣡
ǿ˲
Ƿ겻ųѹȻﵽλѹлˣȵǷ׷ˡ
лֽ񵶱ڱ˫ű˫֣Ʊ˵ģʵȴ˺Удʥͨ
֣ӵǱƵĽڽںˣȴͨӽġ
лοġ
ȻۡлҲ˵˼Ҳܲµ㽫ĺܺãϧԾ޷ӹҵ۸֪
ۣ棬ұȻǳ۷徳磬ͨλҲһ֮ңֶθҵǿ뻹Ǳ㷢ˣѹ澯ңʱϵ֮һ֮ʱͷΪ֮ģ˰
лȻһЦƺо
о̸ϣ֪һЩƤëˣ˵ۿԡ˵͵һ٣ȻЯֱӳɱлˣбɱлɣ
ȻлҪ֪۵ȻȻһɱ
λʵҲ벻ġ
Ҫ֪սϣÿһĲ࣬ӽʮλλžű࣬ԵǸΣԽɱˣֻһ˵Ȼл˵սǶʮֲȱݣʣֻ࣬һֻ̤λȻλλĲ࣬ȻǸӴġ
Ƿƫƫѡ
˵գǱлӣλѾѹڳи޷жԣȻѡ͵Ϯһɱĵز
ʵǾŲʷ˵Եʡ
Ųʷʧ࣬Ҫʮ֮һ껹ҪһߣһжǱϵлΪ֮ǰҲʧһ꣬ԾŲʷ˶лϣҲ쳣ˡ
ˣ
лŹ˺󣬿ǵʥǵͨǰûзһʼˣ֪ģΪ֮󣬸СĽ˫һŮ㱻͵ͨڡ
һĨҫ
еػ֣ǰ
꣡
ʵᱻӣһ֮£㽫ػȻ飬ǿһҲлǰ
أ
һлץе档
ǿһ֮£𶯵лҪѪ󵹷ɳȥ֮ͨڣһҵʹҲ壬ˣѾɱˡ
Ȼȫһ֮»ҲǾȣεֵҵڶ
ٶɱȥ
лæˣץסŮʩչѸٵĴͨ֮У㿪׷ɱ
أ
֪ڽͨһ˲䣬ͨ涸Ȼһεϣһӽĵɳȥ
л״Ҳͣ
ͨڴ˸ġ
Ҿ˵ȻܹԤ⵽Ǿ˽룬ǵݶŪѵͲԤ⵽Уֵ֧ķλɱҡлЦ
ֽ
Ҫűٶȥ
Ǳȥ
ǰǺ׼ǡ䶯ɭɭĿͶ֣죬ӵˡ
һ˫׺ݵ۾Ͷˡ
˷ӦҲ죬һȫдƵͨڣһУȻһγɡ
˻
ŭ˻
ѾĻ㽫ͳͳնɱģû뵽Ǳлʶݣֱ⡣
ˣҪ񣬴⺣ʵ뿪ұɱ㣡лҲŷ⼫ء
꺮ʱɱ㣡
һһˣɱȻ
лЦһٶԣȻһֻ̤𾳽磬˷뺣ʵͻƣֻҪλ磬˻λ޷λֿ⣬лͬƾսƣԽɱˣȻУҵʱܹõҺ̬Ҳȵɱ˷꣬ʲô¡
ߡлתͨȥ
ŮҲ
ŷĿֲҲǺսҲ֪޷УȻҲûгȥһսĳ嶯
ͨĳ֪ж
ƯУУԷʲô⣬ϾһЩϹűڶΣڵġ
һ·У߰ʱǰһˮĻ


1812  Ļý硾
ˮĻ˸ŵĹΣһγɵģƾճ֣Ҳûʲôãǽͨǰˡ
Ժ̽һ£Σաл˵
Ůδ𻰣ˮĻڴһº͵߿л
ʲôˣлȵ
ˮĻ渡һϹʱں֮˷εӣ΢΢һЦ˺Ħһ꣬ڴ˵أȺǧٶʮһˡ
ǰл
ȷǺǰ㿴óһһ˵Ӱһ޶˻ǰʱ紫ġ
ˮĻеһһ㡣
ȻӰƺܵĳǣȻ˳һںϡ
ΣлȻٻɡ
ǻȻ˻ʴģȻǺĦһ֮꣬ںϵġ

ɻڵӰ֮󣬺Ħ˵һ곤һĵ벻Щ֮󣬾Ȼ˶顣һ£˵⻭ҵı彻ҵģļ䡣
֪Ǻμ䣿л
Цڱ״˻ʾġ漴һת㣬ˮĻʱһµĻýһ֣ܹǵľõ޵һʿۣǣ˶ǿԼһ룬ĻýĨǺԼԼϵӴǽָɣǷԸ⡣
Ը⣡
˼ͬûаԥ
лŮɱ֮ն˵裬ʵǲսĴûж٣ǵʵҲԶԶȻԼûʲôģǹϵԶ룬ӲȥˣǲܵģȻʥǣʥ֮Դǽ˫صڣЩûʲôˣ֮󣬻ϣøΪǿħء
Ȼͬ⣬Ǳȥɡ˵Ļý磬ֻʱģ֮ԿɳأµرĿڱŮϣʵԵϣܷõܷ񴳹Ļý硣
Ůԣɴϲ
Ҫ˹磬˵ľصȱݣܷľԲҪһĥѡ
ǰʧ
ͷӰʧˡ
žͿˮĻֿƴһ㣬ֳʵĻý磬͸һظС
˱С
һУǵ㱻һǣţĺֹˮֳһĻ棬˶ͶĺУ·ȴһС
Ļýɵ׷׵ĻΧ˸
елͷ֣Լһʱڣ޷лǬʹӣΪ˲ϧһΪæµ˰㣬˯֮ãδĸ׵ʹࡣ
ĸܵĥлСӰ
ǻһתǸлǬѡ
תȴǵõĸĻԴľ
ͣǰ峤˲ôս֮ǰľõٶ֮ǻԵ۵Ĺ̡
ˣл۾
벻ȻѿۣĻýԣȴѾûʲôáһл棬Ҳ
ҲǽҰˡл
ȻʧЦƺô㵶񱩾ĳƺţʲôʱǫˣۿ֮ѣ֪ʦ˻ұ뿪˼磬ǿ֮䣬ʱ꣬ұһбȴۿռ磬Ļý磬ʦұ壬ڣľʲУȴһܹۡ
лȻһҲûУ
˵ͷۣܿȻУľܹҲԭ򣬶ҵˣȴԴﵽزЩǣҡ
ǰô˵ҺһлЦ
ô˵ҲΪһЦ˵Ҳ㿪Цˣǿռ磬õˡ
лȻõ˴ó
ͷţˣ֮δ߿ռ磬ʵ޷ߣǿռԶʥʵãԱһĴʦԤԣɻá
ǰɻԤԵʲôлʵ
Ԥݺޣһﵽ𾳽磬ʦԤԣȷʽٷ֮ϣԤ΢΢ʸߣӰҡ꿴лг̶ȣ棬Ժ𾳽磬ԤԶҪⱻơ
ллǰָ㡣
ϣԤЧ
ͨνԤԣ֪ģһȻܣǢĿɶϵģԤȻûõġ
ҵıĴ󶥼ʦԤδҲģĻ档˵һǿռˣǽ뺣ʵľˣʥ֮ĵĵ
лһȻʥ֮ĵĵǲǾͷӲԤĳŶ԰
˵ռ㣬뺣ʵˣҲѼҲǲĻýڣԽ֮֮󣬻Σ޷֪Ҳ̫ѣĻýѾһЩӦöģǵʥ֮ĵԭԶʥµģδƽ磬̫ƽ֮ѡеҲǱǱ޸ãԤԵδĳǱкܴʵõʥ֮ģԤԵȴģߵĳչᣬƺˡ
л˼¡
ǰ㷽Ż˵Ԥϣǳʲٷ֮ʥ֮ģȻǾͷģԤҲǴġл
˵Ԥϵȷûʲôɹʿԣܹ֮棬Ϊõ򳹵ױΪ۵ģԴԤˡ
ʮر֮һΪۣԤģȻɹʺܴˡ
лҲоġ
Ϊ˵Ǿ֮ıᣬлһʱ뵽һˣǾͷ
ߣ߲ĵˣΨڻδҳһԶͨߣлƶϣߵĳ˱ƾȡ꣬Ȼעһ꣬Ҫҳѱȵ죬Ǵ귽֡
һ˱صͷڰǰֿӡ綾˼磬˯Уǰ΢ѹΪֹδȫﵽ۷ڣһֱ䲻Ҳδ侾
лǰ⣬ɷ𡣡
˵ɣ֪ıȻ㡣
лһͷʥ֮ã


1813  ⡾һ
лĿУʣܹעʣ˵ֻĸģôرںġ
ĸʣһɾʥ֮ģﵽʲôãΪλþͷΪ֮ϧһд۶ҪᣬԶͨ߱ԴĴڣΪ˱ķ
ôڶʣǾöۣΪֹֻǵõеööټöڷӡŵʵ꣬ĿʲôأԶʥʺֶΣΪʲôΨеȵѹܹõ͡
ͷ˭ʲôʵɴлһļʣнսթļһǰ
һʣл̣Զͨ;ŲʷĿġ
ģ϶Ѿ⿪ɣǲ֪ҲµĲࡣ
Զͨ;Ųʷ˵ıʴĿģĦ˻޷𣬿ͷʥ֮ĵĿӦ֪ɡ
⣬Ĳûش𡣡
лЦǾǰϸ˵һ°ɡ
֪Ҳ̫࣬ʦ˻ʣ֪ĿҲޣٹЩʱգܹȫ֪ˡ˵ţ˵һʥ֮İɡ
ʥ֮ģԶʥʺƵģĿʲôл
ĿģҲǾͷ֮ġһڣлһйȻ֪
лӣЦұﵽͷȻֻ֪ںԶδﵽҪ֪Ҳ޴ӵ֪οʦճɾ;ͷҲʥ֮ĲԣȻ޷֪ȴ֪ʥ֮Զʥ£Ѫ۶ɵһرƷ³Խʮĸ߶ȣ꣬δҲͷѡ˴˷ӡԭ֮һ˵ǲӡ˴˵ĻƺرǵϢԭ򣬽޷ͣ԰֮Ľʱգڽĳһ쵮ʱ򣬷Ǿͷؼʱڡ
лЩѪڣԸһЩʱյҴﵽͷͷжȡ֮գ
ֻ֪Ҫܵʵɡ
ףúʵҲ˼යͻǰȥħġл˵
ͷãħ⣬俴Ʊ֣ʵȻǵħľͷҲ׼֮ˣЩͷ֮ǰҲͨ쾳ϲÿ絽ģĳɳĥѣҲ赣ͨ켶Ϲ
лЦǲ֪ǰȻﵽεȾˣ
ڳͷ֮˵
ͷл΢΢һΪǳͷģϾĦ˿ˡ
ЦǾ̫ˣǺǣ̫ն񣬲˵ݣͷƵ˴˼仹ͻǰ㾳磬ĺ䶯ЧӦ̫Բйľٶʦ˻ʣʵлɾ;ͷ֮ʼûʲôػֱ֧֣ǰòųΪͷģңȻǰѾͨ켶λ磬ҳͷҲ׾٣δõϹܾǰҲðճġ
ԭˣǰΪұ紳ࡣл
ڰ֣ЦⶼҵԸġһ£˵ͷһЩ˵ɡ
л
ʵصͷ̫ˣԣǽ˿ռ磬ĳһǻָĻɣԱҪҳǰɱѿ״̬˲ܱա
ʱĻ֪Ϊʲô𣿡
Ǻͷйذɣл
ͷҪ˵ǺܴģȻµʱ»عʱģȴҪá
ʱлԾĵ
ʱڿˣ˵ﵽ磬ܳǹмܹأʱЩͷǣһһˣ˻Ҳɱ˵˵ɲġ
ͷȻųһ㣬Ȼ겻
ȷʱȻӹʱĽѣҲ޸ģճǡͷͼΧԶʥʣĲ֣ƾԶʥʵʵûߵĿܣءεĵԶʥʲƾһ֮˼Ҳ䵽˵زͷΪԼһ֮˽ıʥ֮ģ˼磬ֻ֧š
лͷʲôȻԶʥ䡣
Ӧʱ֮ʱͷױȵĻ֮ͷӦǾл֮ġ
֮лμС
֮һҲΨһͷķҲκ˶޷߱ģˣԶʥʱ̣ǸͷһػڲѵĹؼҪȫѹػҪһѵĹؿоԶʥҲһԼ壬ΪϹʥãҲΪʲôŵʱΪʥʵԭԶʥһഫ˵
Ȼôĵ
лҲ֣ȻԶʥ֮ƺţΪλʥ֮ΪԵɡ
ҪͷǷԴ̽飿л뵽˵˵
Ȼǻ֮ôԴȻеģӦҲΪС
ͷѹȻ̽飬Ӧûڳ˯УԴ֮̽飬̽һϣġ
лԴϲ
ռڿͨģȵʥȫ֮ôҲռ磬ԴռҪѳصĵͷ൱ϣġ
ֻҪҳǰɱ޷ᡣ
л򺣻ѯ飬֪޲ԣһһлҲ۽󿪣֪ЩԺߵħ綼źܴİй޵ģϹʥʱصȵȣһ㣬л㵵Ļ޵ܡ
󺣻ˡ
ѾɣһҲع磬뱾ϣ˲ɾͰͷͷ֮ġ
ȥʵڵһУֻܿԼˡ
лһֽţĻýǺӰ죬ۿܹ͸һαġ
ŮȴΣʱ̣Ǳĸңü価ǳ֮ɫһɥ·Ҫ
лͷһ֮ǰ˵ľشȱݣȻﵽȴȫĻýǡÿֲģлҲ⣬û뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼˡ


1814  ⡾
ŮΣ״ԣƺǸոմľȱݲ֣ǱȴѾΣʱ̡
лæڱǰ
˫ס˱ƣ΢գ۾ܵĴﵽޣȥͱϵ
ڱǴľʶǳġ
ĺǳģл谭ıС
һУлͿһ¿ı裬վһӴļУΧǶָˣгɣЦȵݣֻܹ¶ԣţͬʱ
ЩİУмϤģлǺˡ
δˣΪҼ̳ĵӣȻҪ뺫ģԵǺεȵľ
ʱǱоĿŵһõõǡǡлֻ֧л߲ʱһľˣлӣġ
Ȼľ۵лЩ˶ľʧء
һĨͷ
лףΪʲôһıŮУΪҪֵ֧ʱлȴܰȴֻΪл¿֧ţƫƫʱõϢлŮ÷һ˼ϵıܹܣǵԼļĽһգԴľ
衣л˫Ŀ·¿һ㣬Ҳûȥ۵ı仯ʱ˿̣Ψб裬
Ҫı軺۾ǳ޾۾
л֮꣡лᶨĵ
꣡
ϵȻʧȡ֮һĨ˵Цݣſģſҵ΢ЦΣҲ֮ʧľĵزκȱݣֻȴδֺ
أյ¿ĵĵ
ɵѾͷôأУǵһλģ˭Ҳ޷ȡлָű۵
ǵãʮǰ޷ܾۣܾ裬ΨһɬСŮȻȻվԼǰ棬ΪԼڷ絲ꡣ
ǵãΪ˾ѳ˯ĸףΪ޷лģȻҪޣȡھĿľΪ˵õʥ֮ˮ
ǵãǸɬŮӵеʱʢĺҼ̳ݣȴһе벻
ǵá
һĻĻͷл·¾
Ŀޡ
ȫںһˣٲֱ˴ˡ
ۣ
ʱ촫
лͱͬʱһŤͷȥȴ˫ĿգһѪ΢΢ҡΣϾʹ֮ɫ
㣡
㣡
лͱͬʱһû뵽ľȱݾȻӵĿֲԽ˱衣
ֻ˶һΨ˵ľ˵̵ģ֮Ǽ֤Ȼ˴Σա
ȥô¡ߴٵ
лҵæĽǰ̽ץס˫֣͸ۿ˿̵ľ
ǺȻҹռڣ
ǵΪлһĻһԾӡļ䣬ĥ𣬶ǡǡľлز޾ûڣȻġ
ԭδ¡лĵ
軺شǹȥ۾ѪȥЩһǿֹ۵ྶͥ
£ķ¡иһĨ⣬һˮ۽ǻ䣬ұնֻΪгһգܹѪеӡΪûκѣΨһѱ㣬ȴΪԼΣյʱѡ˷㣬ǺǣҵʱΪ㱨ˣڲ֪ˣкãһִҲǰ벽
лӣһ棬뵽ǿֹۣÿҹΪԼѡǻںţĲɵһᣬĨȥϵˮɵѾͷ
Ѫʣⲻȴޱȵͨ͸
㻹Ų𣿡л
ŲŲ¡ҡҡͷѪٶȴ£ֻһȴôŲ¡
лǾͲҪˣŵأҪǰˣҷʹɡ
豻˵ЦҲǣҲǣյĵҶˣô˰
ô˰лЦ
ҡڣȻԼȻľƽǰ侲ࡣ
ǰЦ㣬ͲҪˣⱲע⻵˵ˡ
迡ϸһĨΣδȥˮǸɬѪ˵޶ˣлһͷĺ촽һ¡

ǹ֮ȻѹһƿлСӣռұˡ
ָлɹЦԺһҪռء
ȥ
һ˹ȥ
лһ㿪ˣЦ趼ͬˣɡ
ľⶫޱȣںΪߣֻҪܹ޹ҰɣΨ˷ܷһУﵽԲĵز
֮ǰʼ޷еִŻĻýģ˷ģ˶˾˵ı仯ľԲȱݣлľ㣬ǿһ㡣
һһٲͷͨиɻ
Ļý磬˵ĽᶼѴ򿪣Ǳ裬֮ǰһЩԹͻںޣ׵ķſлҲеޱȵķɡ
˵ЦУĻý˳
˻ýֻҪﵽľ߳ȻȻУ԰Ρ
ԽĻý磬ҲͨǰĺȻһոµأޱ£տ΢ķҷ˵ޱȵԽ˵Ŀֿģܻݱأȴޡ
˶Ŀռ䣬һƽ׵ӣ۲ݱ鲼ĵشһˮ̶ˮ̶λãһ޴ʯһЩͼƣһЩ֡
ˮ֮ʥѿڶ
Ŵʥľ˵ʥȴ֮ʥˮ֮ʥͻ֮ʥķ֮ʥȻʥȥ֮ʥ¯һѹ˼ͨΪأҪȡҲѣΨˮ֮ʥֻǴںʵУǴ˵ǵõ֤ˡ
ʥ𣬻лۣл
˵ʥлԣãԲͬҲ֮˵οʥڼصҲԸȥɢģ۲ҪĶء
ֻˮ֮ʥˮ̶Ҳɻĵѵʵֻˮ֮ʥûĶˡ
лȻʧЦһˮ֮ʥѾɵֵˣ˵ʱųʮرŴʥκһʥȣҲǿʢٵģҪѷɫһЩأ㻹Ҫʲô˵üëһͷȥŮҲӦ׷׻ת
ֻгһŻһӰ˳


1815  ɰٴһ
˷Ǳˣͬ칬ʮսӵν֣Ҳͷ֮һƹڵرϵĸ֣ʥõϢͷڵرµΪ֮ǰлķ壬ʥ壬ڶʵǻ൱ǿһ򣬴˱
ͬӶ
ȴǹ߳Ļý硣
ӣˣл
ӵĵľ֮սҲ磬ĹĻý磬ħɣ߻ħ
л˲ɵһꡣ
˽룬δԾȻһˡ
Ҫ֪óһǵĶ֣һսҲıˣŮһۣҲЩȻͬΣգڶɹ˽ѣҲǽҡ
¿ƹĸ֣л
ӲûзϣҴУȡˮ֮ʥնɱл̣Ȼ̹δǰֻɱˡ
лȻһЦҪɱң⣬ܷһ⣬ƹΪʲôҪɱ̡
ҡͷҲ֪Ҿ֪ͷѾɱ̹Ϊʲô֪ɣûˡ
˵ŻȻ
һѹʮֱѹȹȥ
лҲó񵶣ս׼Ͼλĸֽ֣ӽλĸֿɲǺöԸġ
ɽţڳ˶¶˹Ź֮ɫ
ƺе㲻԰лЦ
ɫޱϵش߶ԼޱͷţϾлǿҲ֪ģεĴ߶ԼͷųľȻʮսλ綼޷ﵽ
֪ˣǺ˽ƣκˣǳԽʵʵʮսʶ塣
ֻʮսʵʵٺ١лֽ񵶵ڵϣֱֻ˴ץţžžӡ
ˣ޷Ÿַ緶
˭˲֪лսǶΪֹȴǱ֮⣬ΨһܹԽɱ˵ģλʤҲ󣬳֣ΪӽλĲϣʤ
⺣ʵڲȻֻܷʮսĵزлһսʤ㡣
Ҳţܹͬ޵Уһģͼ߶𼶱Ŀһȭ˹ȥ
Ҳûñ
ȭ
лûʩչսӿȻʮսͬ룬УսǶʮǾ˵öҲǶԷʮʵ
أ
꣡
ȭײǸӵұ۳ױ飬ǿѪҪˣҲߵķݵɳȥ
ɱ
״аǹȻתЯźɫҹ𣬿񱩳˺һƬأֱ˵ǰλá
һˣǸӲģҲףʲôͬ޵ˣ֪˱˶лۣ֮ͬУܵлһȭΪ̫ˡ
ΪĸӿȻɵðϲ裬влˡ
ӵ߶һȻ֣ײȥ

ӾȻԼŭаǹһЯż֮ҹתţγ˺ѿռһӱиӵţһ
ӿǰŵİǹĲ˼顣
ֻҹȼգ˲䱻ճɻҽ
ջذǹЦ˵ʮսʣҲ뱾һս·
Ȼ䣬Ѿͼս˰ɣҿҲǶ屶ˡлЦ
Ų屶ѣ˵սǶʮءƲ
лЦѣ뿪˼磬ħ磬ܹҵܹս׵Ķء
ãҲҪ
֮лƹ㣬ȻʥǵһЩϾҪö׵ĶǿɶǼ亱ģǴƹҲǲеģԵõƱ裬裬ս죬ȵȣѾͨսˮƽǶ屶սԶܱͬȵġ
ǿͺȵ
л˳űָķȥֻǱɱĸӣȻճɻҽģȥĵطȻһĹţĳһ㣬һӱһˮ̶ڡ
ˮ̶֮ڲǹѸϡͣƬˮ̶»ָƽ
ʲô˼
лҲδӺе֪ǺһЩܣֻᵽŮĻԵȴ֪ʲô
ǲУгѺۡ
˴˳
䶯죬֣죬ԼǵķͶ֣˶ѾĻý硣
л꿴лͷһŭ
ƬؿǽǿֻܷӳʮսʶλʵҲȻлȻپ
лָ˹
겪Ȼŭ
䶯ס꣬лƶˣˣȻ̣С¡
ƾвҡȻһȼյĻ棬ֱӳײȥ
Ҳѹ˲ǰһлˣͨ谭лԴ˾ҲǺġ
лһֱӴ߶壬Ҳײȥ
䣡
һһˣײ
ʱлײ˸ɢƬ˷лǺˡ
Ƭٶ۳ɷˣȻ
һ£ҲΪ֮
˻
귢һ˻صĽƣҵֻܷӵʮսʵĶ塣
ʲôǶԣϴ߶̽Ȼˣ
Σ䶯֣ɫ䡣
˭˲֪лͬ޵УԽһȼ޵еġ
֣֣֣лλȥñ裬ǻһ߻ᡣ䶯쵱ϣ
֣ԣһͷ
ҲɵϣǸлƣֻˣһתɱŮ
ɱ
֪ȳڶֻδɱʱǵļ֮ͼ֮˴˽ڣһתŷɱȥ
ǼκһǶģóʮսʵŮκһʮսʶɱһӣִ߶ȻǸʤһ
ֵʱеһ˿Σգкâһһ񽣳֣ٵĵȥ
أ
Ƿһ±㽫񽣸ˣѪ
ɱ
ȶŮеĵǹȻЯſֲ
񵶺ͰǹԼż֮ͼ֮ˣ˴˽ɱ
ٶޱȣһգ۱㵽˽ǰ
ǰδ뵽Ů͵ĶȻˣ޷㿪Σ˫ֱַ̽ץǹ
˴˶һۣһ

ǹײҲײı·ߣöһץգ񵶺Ͱǹһ»塣
һնĲӣնϺ
ǹֱӶࡣ
Ů˲ɱ֣ɾˮ
һ䶯죬֣ͷ곹ɵˣֱԼ۾Ϊлôƾ趷սϳŮʵһ⣬˭֪ȻǴ˵Ƚ֡


1816  ɰٴ
δճɻҽһĹΣüļƮɢˮ̶ٶȴһһӾͽǹŸˮ̶ڣҿٵɢָƽ
һ֮ǰһ޶
ˮ̶Ҳһεл˼ʶˡ

Ƕֱɱ˲䣬䶯˾˵л¾ǱֳǶ޷ܣߡ
֣Ҳӡ
һѸٵĺˣҪ⺣ʵڵһС
Ļý磬ܹ߳Ȼľĵز˼ӵʲôԥġ
лӰһ㵲סǵȥ·
ŮԽǰ档
䶯죬֣죬潫ʮ꣬˵˼ʮɣǸ˶ϵʱˡлǰһĿˡ
Ƿ꣬ȻǿᣬܻԵһ꼸ɢΪģ޷Ůġ
Ǹ˶ˡ䶯Ѹٵļ
֣Ҳıл˾ҲҪ汳
ͣ
лЦһû֣죬εõѾնɱ֪ٴˣȴ
Ǿһǰλÿһ⣬ϣҪġл
˵ɣȻҲûʲôġ䶯쵽ʱ̹Ȼ
ǵһΪδͬǰл䶯죬˵
룬һܹѪӡδʱ򣬱սʵĳ޵еĸ֣ǿӹɵġ
ǹŽ廹ڣȻǿߡ
֪ʲôطҲ䵽ز䶯ЦԴӰǰﵽʮս۷徳֮ȴʧ٣ţ֪ȥʲôطƾʧһ
лת֣죬ǰ
֣ʧܣȻȥ
ʲôʧܣлɵȻԭΪһͨĻý磬նϵԼϵȻʧˡ
ȻҲԭԶͨɵģӶʬ壬Ȼ򡣡֣޵ҧгݡ
ǶһĹؼҪŴδйĸ߶Ƚףɹڼ뱻Զͨȡòľأʬ嶼Ӷˣ󶼲ðˡ
ãǶλ⣬Ҳ֪޲ġл
֣ߵûʲô⡣
и⡣䶯ɫ񵤵ô£лֿ֪
񶼲֪л
ͬʱҡͷ
лɫƣ˵ܹѪӡͻսʼҲ鵽ô򵥣ƺŷǳصãɾʲôһûŪ
櫣Ȼ䶯
˵꣬һ䡣
ˢ
䶯ĻȻսʼˣһ˽һ㣬
һ֣
֣ʩչԲ֮սʵ䶯Ӱһ㣬ϵ޷죬ĥһ㡣
⽣ӰһƬء
лĿţ˶Թĺг޵ɱȴʮ꣬ΪʱŪȴվҪָˣ˭Ҳ԰İš
ֻ˿Ժ˵ͷõഫУͻͽԾ֮Ĳࡣ
ˣ
ػ塣
лûж֣ɵȫһ£նػ棬ֻǵһƬʣѺ۶ûг֡
ʵľ޴࣬Զ׼
ƾƴȫ޷ֺ
žž
лָѵ׻ͬʱһ˫һɣѵ׹棬лͻ˫һ̽ץס˵Ĳ
֣ƴȴá

䶯Ц䶯죬ڼţδ˼δлõ󴫳Уţ˷㲻ǵ֣Ҳ̫û뵽ȻԶľ룬հհգԴ˼Բ䶯졣
һ䣬䶯Ϣޡ
лһץƴ֣Ҳ֮һغ
˫һɣʬڵϡ
ǱѻҪϤĵˣлЩãȻ
ʮ·ԣ˼Ѫȷ磻һʤããҵգţ٣ɣԻ;鳾С
Ŵ˵üļɳҲˮ̶ڣټ
л̾һһӣɫ¡
ʮݺأʱ֣ʹ˻ΪҽʧǵҲûɫ񵤣֪Ƿȡˣѵлսӿɫ缤Ȼ

սʼ˴ײΪƬ
Դ˺ԽתΪ棡л˵꣬˵һ䣬֮ǰʧȡ֮ɱ⣬ͬһѳ񽣣Ҫض꣬
һȣ
л磬Ȼ
ȷӦȻٶȽײķ顣
Ƭл˫ֻ裬ɫ籬䣬̼䣬ƬʧΡ
һŹٶڷĵطͣתˮ̶֮С
õ֮ɢعţˮ̶Ҳʼ˱仯ϵزţƺڽʲô
Ҳ֪˶ãˮ̶Ȼȴ۳ţֱˮ֮ʥǰ˸һ˿ĹΡ
壿
ƺ壡
Ůţһǰһź棬Ĭ˵
ʱˮ֮ʥ΢΢һϷ£ֱڣл͸ۿķһں֮壬һ̺֮壬У֮ڣɾ塣
ҪԸŮȻӦ
վˮ֮ʥһ࣬Ƿֱ֮Ӵü͸ȥҲ֮չ״̬
վˮ֮ʥһ࣬Ҳǻ֮һǴü͸ȥҲ˱չ״̬롣
лĿˮ̶ĵòǴ˵ʱֹİ̶ɡ
ν̶˵ʱȥͷ꣬İ壬֪·˱仯Ȼɸ壬ںϣγһָΪֲȫ°塣
лҲǴаĿе֪ġ
Ҳ֪Ϊλ˵ŮĻԵˣˮ֮ʥڷкĦ˷ӡķͻ壬УȻɳɾȫµĿֲ壬뵽л뵽ڿռڵİ˴壬ΣƺҲ̶۳ġ
뿪ʵ㽫̶ˮ֮ʥĻýռ硣л˵꣬Ҳٶԣһԣ
˵زӰ죬Կɲõͻ𾳽磬ʲôӰ졣
лȫĵͶУȴһУŨԪҲܵǣ㣬ӿ룬λҵĳ


1817  һ
ƾлһֻ̤λľ磬Ҫͻƽ𾳽ǲѣֻǴ˿ǿʢʱ̣ǾŻ᲻ܵƵģںʵлλؼʱ̣ǰ̶ɢһʵϢл˸
ԭл뷨ǣһұɿλģ룬ϢȻٶﵽǰδĵ١
лҪӱչ״ֹ̬ͣܡ
㵵ǣУȫģܹһĺУؿ̶ͷųϢ֮壬Ȼţƺĳְһ㣬͸壬Ȼ֮һЩǢ
ԭֵл㰲
Ǻʵɾ𾳽֮󣬲ƵԭڣҲ˵ɴΣֻҪɾ𾳽磬뿪ʵȻõ⵽ƵӰ죬ȥ˴ս
Ȼлϣ顣
Ͼвģʵ̫ˣΨ֮˲ſǷҲ⣬ֻط˺ǱʵѾﵽλȴҪժֹﵽ𾳽磬ܵӰ죬ڵõ֮󣬲ܹ޼ɵʩչλ֪Ƶķ֮١
ʥһҲ˲ƣһˮϦʥˮһǱƣֻǱ״Ƚ⣬Ȼͨ켶λľ磬ȴ꣬Խƻȣ񹬣֮ĵطݺᣬطܵ޴ơ
ǿǱͷս֮󣬲ҲʱͬģᱻӰġ
лһ˿ϣ
ǽ̶ռ磬ȫ̶½׵λ֣Ƶģʥ֮Уﵽ˵Ȳεģ壬нˣ壬һЩˣ֮һͻƣôλɨ˼رϸǾ֮͡
뵽˵㣬лĲ񣬵߻ħ
Լƽ
ȫĵĿޡ
ӵɽ⣬ٶҲĿԣлδһֻҲͬĥľ
лľȻǴֻҪȶȻ磬ƺҲںϣܵһƵأȻлۿĸо
Ҫͻȹ֮󣬲ܲ顣
ʱȥ
лҲÿ٣ŮҪȫµ壬춨ͷĻҲٶȿ
ʱȥˡ
ٶȻлƿ˺بǰľ磬ɱλľ磬ʵҲǵõȫ
λʮսʶֻһ֮ңʵ±֮𣬲֮ΨᣬܸӦõ
λлһ壬ȵս¶޲˴սһйǺˮʱŸеʮսʵЩƺһ˿ԣǾǿޱȵս⡣
սⶫ֮־֡
ȴս֮С
лһֻֿ֣˺صĸо
λʮսʺưлӦһ£λĲ̫࣬ˡ
ʮսʿʼÿһͻƣǶҪʱȥޣÿһ֮Ĳ࣬Ҳʮ֮ޣҲˣϣԽԽϡ٣ʮġ
ĸ磬ĸ磬ͨĸ硣
ʮ磬ǿɾͨ۷ܻ֮Ϊͷ֮
лɻδȹ̾硣
ٶΨȹ̾磬ܼսУõ侳Σգ˷ٶȴ֮ǰȻͬ
ǰҪƵвٶޱȣǻָ糣´ﵽǳٶȡ
ֻգлȹ˾硣
ʱٿŮ
ŮɻޱȣֻǱΪʮսʼ֮ǰǳ룬꣬Ҳǳޣվǿӽ۷ˡ
лȥǣ㿴ǰ̶ˮ֮ʥ
֪ˮ֮ʥǷ۶ءлĵ
ˮ֮ʥȥƽƽ棬ΪˮԵģˮ֮ڴˣо޴ջ
лѰۣȷʵҵ
ֻһˡлã˾
ռָڵöȡ˳
öóȥͺһ㣬Ϊг˯δѡ
Ĵ˷˯Ҫȡ䡣
лöۣĬսС
ö۵õս룬ųĽ⣬ȽȽգ˴ӣγһԲΣ֮һͳ
ϷĽۣγһģֻǷǳãʵ
ֻһ꣬ܵĴ󲿷ڳ˯С
Ϊ£
лǰ״̬Σ
Ѿռ㹻һ£ɽö۵ĽƣûڷŵҾŷ֮ĵˡ˵
۹оöÿһöڶʾŷ֮һ꣬ÿһöڶнƣҪʻȡԽλܹһö۽ƣõŷ֮һֻҪõһöھŷ֮һô۽ȻҲΪʲôһֱԭڣΨˣܵõȫ
һ£ô졣л
ֻ賬ԽλɣֻϧܵƣҪλ綼ѣοԽѾ㣬۽Ʊڴ˿ˡҲڴѡ
лЦǰˮ֮ʥǷҲһöء
öۣˮ֮ʥȭȦʱϲȷһöۣҽ
ϲ굼öˮ֮ʥΧҲʱ۳һţûˮ֮ʥڣص
лһԾעš
ŰСʱ֮ˮ֮ʥһ
ݣ
һ
һö
лķöҲһ֣ȻǶ굼֮£ܿ㱻ͷųԪ
˱öˡ
ƯУö۱˴ӳһԲȦһ㿴öڸͷųһֵ꣬ʹ꿴ȥǰѸٵʵ
ʱ䣬ҽ⿪һö۽ơ
лͷ
£Ƕԣķɿ졣
лҲȻӰ죬ٶ죬ͬʮսʾǰ㣬ҪԼͷȻǲȡģҲûܹж𾳽ɲôͻƵģʮսӻ
ʱ䣬գ۱ȥˡ
һ춯лоѹͿöš⻪ʢȻѾĨȥлʲôڵأͷųһɾ춯صѸٵڡ


1818  𡾶
ͬлһЩʱգε꣬ƿһö۽ƣõ洢ľͷľŷ֮һ
ŷ֮һľͷǺε
лԵ߾ͷҲʮ֮һˣǵʵʻҪѷɫһߣʶŷ֮һͷˡ
һö۽ƣ۵ĽȻá
۽Ƽֻ൱λģ洢ȴˣ޷ٿأʶֻ취ơ
˷аͷҪƳö۽ƣֻǴˡ
춯ö۵ĽͳͳƳ
õ洢̼ﵽȫʢʱھŷ֮ǾͷҲֻһ֮ңϾȫʢʱڵǿɲͨľͷǺųƵͷһԶͨҪѷɫˡ
껯һԼʮ׳̾ڸ߿գ״̬Ҳͬʵһ㣬ȥ·𴿽ɵģÿһƬ۶ǰʵ˫Ŀ΢գʼȡöڳŵ䡣
ΪʲôУԶʥ֮ǰļƻһжҪЩжȡ
ãٶ۾
ǰ֪л
࣬ȴȫ棬֪ʥ֮ģԼҵΪҪŴʥ۵۲ܹ¸գĿʲôڵһöڡ
һöڣǵһöںδл
˼磬Ҳ硣ҡͷʾֻ֪֪Ψоۼö۵Ҳܹļƻ
лԣЩʧҲǾԶʥʵȻȲѵԭ
ļƻء
ǵĿʲô
ǰǷԲأлʵ
ǿɿһ㣬ǵõЩ֮ҷκģһ𣬿»ӰļƻҡƺЩɻĵƺֻкôûлɵΪʲôȴЩڵС
ԭһǰһЩءл
һ£һеļ䣬ܷƶϳһЩ
֮ٶȱ۾
䲻ȫɱϾõݣһ£ƶһܹ֪һġ
Сʱ֮ʲٶ۾
лڴĿ
֪ܷһЩҪϢ
֪Ȼ۸𡣡
۸ˣлҡҡͷ
ͷΧԶʥʣȻնɱɱϾԶʥʵľѾﵽһּ䳬ĵزһл꣬лҲʱΣգһЩ֮ڼֵͷ˴˷ӡƵʱԶʥһл֮ڣһ޸ġ
л֮Ρ
رֵʱǱȻҪƳƵģԼŲӰ죬ʱҿԽƽиı䣬һأʥ֮˲ƣ͵ħ˽ܵӰ졣˵
һĺСл
˰취Ǿһܾõǰţֻͼ֮ٷչгһգɽ𣬽з
ҵһ㣬ǰƺӰԶʥƶļƻһǣҵҲһַȻûʲôӰ죬һʩչЩͷǱȻӦġ
ѵǵͷѾ֪ǰ׼л
ˡ˵ƶϲ±ԶʥѡеǱҲѾˣҵһʹǻǱõʥ֮ġ
лԣ֪Ųʷ˺ԶͨɱǱԭƶϳһˣѹǱӡ֮󣬻ἰʥ֮ĿѡеľǱȻֻһƶϣɶЩͷ˵ǰٷ֮һĿܣҲԲġ
ҲûͽǱ˵һ顣
ԣ̾һ˵Ǿ͸ɶ϶һ˿ؽƵľˣΧԶʥʣȻԶʥӵһ߲л꣬ıƣҲӦǴԶʥȡһЩ䣬Щ䣬ҺǱľٴ롣
ǰ豯ˣȻʵǿ⣬ţгһգһܹǿġл
ͷȻ޷ṩٰɳȴһЩ֮⣬ǿʵϰһġ
Ŷл֪νİӦòͨСϾȻǽӽͷˡ
ҿʥ˵Ķף
лסˣãŴѹȫף
֮⡣Ц˵Ѿõ˻ħʨıԴ֮׹ˣҵ֮ȻħʨԴ֮ǿ٣Զûʲôãˣȴɽ׵ģ⣬ҵԶʥµĿռ磬ұԽУҵͲõıЩͷǷˣҾһ㣬ҲһЩطֲģֻƲ磬򲻵ѣǲҪ׶ĺá
лЦǰռѱãѾʮˡ
ԣЦ˿ҵûٴһˡɨһöۣռڳȴԶʥµİ˴壬ɳɾ;ͷ֮⣬һ壬ֻ轫Ϊ嵱ͷ۷飬ɸıǿߵǱӵгɾͰͷһȫµء
̫ˣлϲ֪ǰǷܹˮ֮ʥ̶ĻýҲһռء
Цŵͷ׾٣ʱһ̶ڴţʱ򣬲Լ̶ڵʥ֮λֲӰ죬ٶȣ㻺ġ
ԭһڣ˵ԼƺûʲôõģлЩʧڲ֪վǿҪͷνûʲôãֻܹ컻صĴ棬Ƕлʥ˵ʵãЩС棬ʵʥǻôʵݵĶǹؼ
Ůδȫµ壬лҲû뿪ʵĴ㣬г
ͽ֪һ˵
вʱأԶʥʱһЩأڶô˭Ҳ֪ǰȻеģлҪħ磬Щôġ
ȻлעĻǹͷġ
õУͷֻзǳٵһ֣ȴȻ֪ݣͷȻһˣֵܣֵֻ֪ܲ٣޷֪
Զͨĵ
ԶͨҲ򵥣Ҳʱģͷõ֮ͬʱ֮󣬱ʱȻԴ֮ǱԶͨá
һеһУлԺչһϵĻ㡣
ȻҲһŭļ䣬ǻ֮ǰἰ޵ܣθӵȫ棬ҲлĿɿڴϺ˵ģ߽ϣ޵һء
Щ
УлоԶͨͷһԩˣԶͨҲѰͷ
ֹʮ죬Ůȫ壬㿪һöۣˮ֮ʥ̶ĻýС
Ǳ뿪˺ʵ


1819  ̡һ
߳ʵлȴ⺣ʵھȻѾǿһˣûκһӰҲûսĺۼ
лΣɵһü񲻺߼
Ӻʵڳ뺣ˮеٶ»ع麣ƽϣʱлͿӰ
壬壬ʥľʥˮĴĸֻ֣٣ԼҲһ˶ѡ
Ϊ׵Ǵ峤
ƽһ˵Ǽѣ׷ǰ
л٣䶯죬֣죬ءңδټ
ˡл
ԣɵ䶯֣죬ʮʱȻôˣǼǳҲһˡ
лЦش˵رҪɱǵģףǴЩأôһˣѵնɱˡ
ѾɢˡЦл֪뺣ʵʱڣ˼ѾйδģĽ棬䣬ƣǣ֣Ҳʥǽ˼ڣȻǣ̹ĴѾۼһʹһս٣ɽ˼ײˡ
ʱ䣬ӿ
лЩϢҲпĲǵڲչǰΨһһܹ¼ɵǻ纣Ůӡ
ʥΣл
ʧǿ϶ģ˵ǵʧޣȴȡ棬ȴڽפ⣬ĴפأѾľӪ꣬ĺöȴһ̺ͷϷ֮⣬פؾһӶգڿռڵѾʮһˡ˷ܵĵ
أٶ߰˱ĵطЩǱߵʥӵпޣ˵Ҫʱ䷽ﵽľ磬ڿռڿܲҪһǧ̶ڼа֮ʱ佫ٶٶһ֧ȴͷ⣬ˡ
ھͷǿɲǿĿġ
壬̺ʲôл
ϸĽ˵ȻʧأǾԡû뵽ҵƽǴ˵ֶε緽ҲѾа취Էʧ൱Ĵ󣬵ǷƵҲ棬Ȼֻطʮǰ㿪ٵĿռС磬֣֮࣬ķǳˣڱ֮Ǻ֣פصĸɱȥʧ˽һ࣬ƹԶͨƵѾ𽫽ʮ֮ţȻˣҲֻʱϣͬˣΪ˼һ
أǿĿ£ȻҲŴγδģսֻμһΣʧ࣬һӶһЩԴ棬Ʋ⣬Ӧͬ޼оǺʣˣǣͬ˺ѾʼҪһڣж
һôǵʱˡ
˼Ҳ
ֻҪʥ˼ʮʱ䣬յЩʱصıؿôʥǵʵؽͻͽ
ʥأʵ
ЦʥҲ޷Ǿ칬ƹƵϵԼѾ޷⣬칬Ȼڻ£ʥȻͳͳΪƿأʥеĽأʥأܵأתƽռ磬ʥǵ֮ǰ֪ȻӲ֪Ҳˣ緽פֹʱʥ˵ͻȻ֣ʥûʲôʧġ
áͷкδ㡣
л΢һҪȥһˣͬһعʥǰɣ׼ս
üһ̣ǻΣյģڲ˶Լġ
ȥ
ã˼Ѿûʲôֹˡлĵ
һлѾɾ𾳽ˣ
лЦŵͷ
лյսȷѾ˿лˣ˼ĸ֣Ҳֻܿλ壬λҲܵӰġ˵
֮ҲܵӰ죬ȻԶʥһлǰıƵԵʣǿԴﵽģ޷ˣҲô꣬ſʼ֡
̹Ȼ̶ѨֻҪߣûܹ
лö˳
ʢڰ̶ˮ֮ʥĻý硣
СӡлԺƾ
ǰʲôԸл
˽̸޷ģδ⿪۽ǰҲ˿
ҸӦƵı仯ˣӦͷת˼ʱĹҵģ³ڿռڣ˼һЩܾҶˣȻȻ⵽ƵķɣܱĨɱɫصĵ
ôᣬѵͷԶʥʲл޸ĵĲҲøıˡл
ȷıˣ˾ʱĻ֮ƶǵĺô¶תΪˣѹѡ˼磬ڿƽָ۷״̬ˡ
ߣҾ취ǰл
꣬ƵҲޣʵҪﵽͨλ緽ϣݻˡ
лصͷģһҪͷǰɱ
꣬棬ͨȣֻҪͷĴ壬ڿռ磬ȻԾġ
裬öۣڹ˵ı£ʥǡ
лķ
ٹأפظ֪ǲǾδҵ̵֮ء
лҲ֪а취ҵ
Ϻ򵽴ƾлλľ磬߷Ƶ磬Ҳǿ쵽˼ޣֻ˲һ㵽ˡ
ڴڼ䣬лҲڲֶеҺ̬ϲ
һ죬лóöɫ񵤡
ǵȡɫ񵤡
ɫ񵤹ö䶯֣öɫѾûˣлжϣܱȡˣһöȻš
׼ͨһöıһ켣ɫ񵤣ҳ̵פء
л𣿡
ӰȰǺ·ðվлңӦ
лҲ㣬ӣ


1820  ̡
ˣл⻰ʲô˼ߵ
еɫ񵤣ܹ֪ɫ񵤿Ѿ뿪Լ壬ΣȻڡ
лɫռָرСĵĴ
ˣǵڶˮУҪǰͨ콣ظ𡣡лĵ
źâ
һӱñ·ĵ㣬ǹĺˮƱƵأɭɱš
лȻɱҸҹǰ̲ɣҪ˵֮ԼԼˡ
Ȼʮսʶľ硣
˵Ⱦ磬лУǲһˡ
ڿɲǶǼ̵ģԼûԼħ֮ܵƣ˵ϽڣлĪΪĲɱ㡣ɭɭĵ
櫣лܹʮ䣬ҷϵģֻͬлƽ˵ƺʣ֪𣿾䶯죬֣櫣ȻУ֮սҪȵԼԼ֮㻹ȥ˰ɡ
ߵ㡭
ˣ
лЩͷȻͷųλѹһɰȻγһεѹһ㣬ס櫣ѹȵһļ¸Уʹѣ˸Կܵ󵹷ɳȥٶףŰѹȵв
Ҳㆪ£ϴȥˣȻߣݹɱ̣̣ȵԼͳͳлߵ
Ϊ֮櫺в
лȻɱ״θо˾塣
Ѿ׵֮櫾
л˫ֵǣ
ɫúѿòһ֣ºˮҷֿһͨзԸ˷ʵ֮УԿ
дĺܡлߵ
ʮսʾ磬˴ߣοڡ
лһפء
פһռС磬Ҵ˿ռСǺײһˮźˮûʲôλãλҲΧڣᵽ
һˮΪٳռС磬ˮȻ˼ģ櫵ĸ״ӵħģеħһͷԳֿٵġ
ռС磬۱ǹĵħ
˿ռСǳӴлӡУ³ȴռ磬˿ռСģҵħ֮ʢҲǷǳ˵ģǵħ֮ʥء
лĳҲ˵ע⡣
ֻǿͬУ˸뿿ÿһ˶¶׺֮ɫл޲ýɱŸġ
лҲ⣬·δ
ǷдԼСʱһɽۣſռͨǵ̵ܲڵأһߴʮ׵ħɽ˵صĵħ֮ʢʮϡ
ħɽۣ֮һħǧѹռС硣
˿վħǰ
˿ɾлһҫźɫ֮˿ˡ
櫵лڴ˸ʲôרŵȺİɡ
ҵ˷ǰһлܻҵˣʸϼ档˵
лüͷһ壬Ȼˣұɱȥǵʬ·ȥΪǵʲôϡ

󵨣
㾹ϣ
ʱŭ׷׳ȳ⡣
л˫Ŀ䣬һĨâ֣ҲԵʩչˢһ±˵Ľǰһץźɫҫĸ֡
νλ֡
лһڳߣлսעǶʮսλܱģοֻǳߡ
ɱ
һȣϵĺɫӿȭͷ֮ϣݺݵػȭл˹ȥ
ĴԣҲ׷׳֡
λֳ
أ
лһץס˵ȭͷĺɫֱӱлӿĽɫˡ
ͬʱҲһػ⡣
λػ⣬Զʮսʵʱܱġ
أ
죬ĴֵĹػ֮ϣҲһҵĲһѺ۶û¡
꣡
лץ˵ȭͷһץʱץˣһ̽һ±ץ˵ĲӣڵսҲȻӿ
䣡
񱩵սƺˮģ³ȥ
Ĵһ¾ͱķʹĲҽУֱ֮ѪֱҲɳȥ߰׵ľ롣
лֽǺɫƿصĸָ
һĻͷ㷣
ֲ
ֱĿֲ
櫱лϤɫ񵤴л֮󣬾ѾϾ˶лĿӣףлͬ޵УҲû뵽޵е˵ȵزͬ׸ϡ
лֵܣ飡ħڴһʮ
лߵ飬˸߸ϸңΪҪĴۡ
ǰɣ
˵Ĳӵʱϡ
лһɣʬ廬ڵء
һʣʱħŭһɹǿѹ㶼λнлնɱ˼
лɫƽ֮
ȻԼĿǣȾ۱Ѿ鿴ħڵΣȷĸͻʮսʵľ磬ϾﲻӰģûһλĸ֡
ƾʵλҲһսģȻЩλĸ֣ο򲻹׾٣ǿռ⣬ҪռС綼׾ٵġ
Ȼûк֮ǣ¡
ôνϵı֣лǳˬ°ܽѣȻ߸ϵ̬·Լһһ
блҪ̵ĸ֣Ψˣ̫ʥǷĦڿɲϣʥǷԸ̵ˣ˵̵ģȴûм룬ʵһģֻԼȴ޷ԼЩ˵ġ
лפؿĿĵģһ£ԼĿĻԴﵽ
һӰħڳ
Ƿ׷׽лΧм䣬ʮ֮࣬һħɱ죬ʹħɽۣ֮Ʊá
лһ˫ֵ졣
飬̬ЩֲȻŭ
£
Щ֮ʣһ˴ħ˳
Լһ׾Ź㣬ǿ࣬ŨüֱۣڣһվһĻϢ
櫵˿ˣ׷׵ȹأĵϣ
һ֣ʾл
ˮһսӵĵǿ죬ʱôЩͷˡлһЦһ۱ɶ϶˵ݣǵͼͨ콣̷ظ֡
˵ĵʱԼҲǷӳ߳ɵˣΪһ𣿡
лüëһۿòǵħ統ħɣ


1821  סһ
ħħǵħ֮ͳԦħ֣һ֮
ֻǵħֽ״ȴǳĲпᣬȻݡ
ǵħ統ħ˰Ȼ
лƲƲ죬̫Լ£ħѾˣҲǵħ磬˼硣
쵰㾹Ȼҡ
վһԵλУһԣʱУָл
ˢ
лӰһħ棬һūкʸָֻţȻң
̫ˣħ״ҲǴŭ
Ϊһ֮Ĵħָ߸ϵ̬Ѿٹ̵ȥˣŻ֮ǰľٶǱлնɱһĸ£𾳽ģҲʶԼ⣬лڻС
ȴ˵棬ٶɱԼĸ֡
Щħ߳ˣлǩԼԼлɱᣬҲ޹˼ɡ
ߣ
оħлһħ˿̱ȷڶˮһսǿʢĶ࣬ȻȻܹʩչλվҪܵһԼġ
ˣ
ȫʢǿĴħܹʮսʵлڿλ磬λͬ׵ĸ֡
ž
лץ֮ˣȭħһȭԺ䣬һҪһսǿ̬
ǵĿȫӵ쾡¡
һĻЩԵħĸǶЩ𾪡
أأ
һȭ֮ѡ
ħɽ֮۳׵ѺۣףħҵҡΣЩֵ
ٿħƺһѪҲʮסΡ
лһ˴ħҲһסǽ֮˵Ĳӣһ
л㲻Ҫ̫صأ櫴ȵ
ħҲɫ࣬ңΪɱɡ
ߣ
лһֱӷɳȥٶףײһʯ棬ʹȥ
ȻɱģҲǱġлĵħԼ£Ҫٱʲôƨĵħ̬֮ȻĻɱ֮ġ
Լĵϣ¸־£в̬Դħı֪
Ȼǰڵ̬ȽϸߣҲûл߰ɣͶ䣬͸Լѿ
һ𡣡ħվĻ֮ˣܿѹеĲޡ
л̤롣
ȫħʲôõľٶ櫶Ϊ֮һ㶣Ҫ֪櫿֪лԸ񣬴󵨺ͽϵһì壬󵨵˸ҽͱƣСҲݡ
ξȻˣе⡣
ȴ֪л֮£ãвΣ¡
ħ֮Улʹħһͤ
лжұһս֮ˣħŪףΪλᱻлϳ
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ħü֪ۣҵʱõһħı˵Ӧòϳɡ
лʼ磬֮׵ġ
ȷǿۣˮһսʱ򣬾͸ۿ˼ģٶȿѾ൱Ľħ̾뵱ںˣһˡ
۰ȷġħвޣȴҲ޿κΣлħΪ¡
½һл
ħ۾âһ趫̬趫Ŀǲࡣ
лȻһЦ
вˡ
ȷߴħǲ裬ǾͶᡣ
ħһҪϧҪлƴһսĳ嶯뵽лʵǷˡ
ӱʮ겻
ħﻮδز֮ϣڵ̻Ǳġ
趫֪нлǹƽסħȶһ˵ģ
л˵Ǽÿ죬ԺҲǸѲĽɫֻⷽǹƽʥǵĺôŻбǴӺ֪Ҫħ磬Ȼ̵ֻķ߽Բɡ
ħ˼ֻͨһطȻ׷ɱħȴԾɴܹ˼磬˵ʲô˼׼ͨ϶ֻѡ֮һˡ
ݺҪͨյİ취˼ħ磬鷳ͦ࣬ǵЩԵħ˲ܹʩչȻĻҲڲͨ˰취ǰȥħ磬֣һͳ˼ˡ
ʶǿƣлȴܽԷ
Ȼǹƽסл˵
ħǲ֪лҪʲô
лָһϣõһЩħıԴ֪֮ǷӵС
ħ籾Դܹ֮лսнĶ
˼Ŀǰ߱ģȻûлսٶȽ׵ˣԵҪս׵ǿȣҲҪȥħ磬ΨһЩĶܹҪ
лҪҽ籾Դ֮ʲôĿģħ
£ҵܣ޿ɷ档лȻܽսȻܵˡ
ħ״Ҳ׷ʣ΢һ£ҽ籾Դ֮УѾˡ
лüͷһ壬ʲô˼
ҽıԴ֮ռСҲȷһЩǴ˿ռСǰģгһЩԴ֮ô꣬Ϊ˸޶ȵĶаѾϡˣħˡħ
ӵħǰҲδЯһЩл
ЦһħЯҵħ籾Դ֮Ͳ࣬󲿷ΪħɽڷӡŵλͷΪħɽƶǣȥﻹʣ࣬οҽ类繥ĵһʱ䣬֮룬籾Դ֮룬ʹõħܹҽ֮˹棬Ľǣҽ籾Դ֮Ȼڴ⣬֮ҴǸֻ
лģ
ţҲûħֵ̯Ȼлҽ籾Դ֮ȻһϤ֮£бԴ֮ҲӦ÷ֵˡ
ȷл֮󣬱۲飬Ҳûֵħ籾Դ֮
ħڵһЩϡһ̶ȵıԴ֮Ȼ⣬ла취ᴿĻǿԻָҽ籾Դ֮ĲΣҪ󡣡ħ˵
л;ۼҿɡ
ħһһӣͿǷŵħܵĳǣһ㣬ٵĻ棬۳һͷСĺɫţƲϵץ󣬾ͿǺɫŻСҲԽԽڰڵ˿͸ī֭һ㣬ħԽԽ⣬ӽħ籾Դ֮
ǺɫŲϵѹл͸оƽŵս·Ŀոʨһ㣬΢΢Ĳܹս׵ƷֵķӦ


1822  ס
ħַأƺһרܹ޳ַħڵıԴ֮ԽԽ⣬ԵлսӦҲԽԽǿҡ
ˣҵֻᴿ̶ȡħͣǾ޴ĺɫѾСԼȭͷСлҪ
ħѾ֮ǰܶˣɾﵽս׵ҪȻкܴĲࡣ
л΢һǽħˣԼ취ᴿɡ
ʥ֮ڿ˲űҲѱûа취ᴿһܹعħ籾Դ֮ļôսƱܹõףħĺô࣬˵ħڵõԴ֮ĿԸ󣬿ҲǸѣϾڵĵħɲ֮ǰĸֶв֪٣ҲռҲС²ſɡ
Ǿ˵˵Ķɡл
޷лٽڶ˵Ȼ̸Ķħ˵
лҲá΢һ٣˵ڶױҪյʱ󷨣ǰȥħ硣
ˢ
ħҲȻվ𣬽䱸ĶлٴС
ľٶҲлԤ֮С
ħ˼ͨѾʱ󷨿ɾΨһƾ裬ҿ˷ħڵǿ߾Ȼֻλĸ֣֪󷨲ûôá
бȻơ
лûЦɡħ
㿴Ц𣿡лĵ
ħò˵лٿɷ棬ǰȥҽ磬ʲôĿġ
лЦȻȥˣ˼ҲЩ˰ɣҵҲӦ֪һˡ
Ȼ֪һԳְ㡣ħ
ŶңлȻ
һħ㱻ܾսƣһΪ櫵ʱܹסôȻԳ֣Žĺ󻼣ʱ㣬ʵǲǰһĹȻﵽλ磬Ӧսرǿ˰ɣҲսɡ
лȻǵõܾս飬ֻû뵽ȻǴԳֵģֻʱҪʥǵסȻһˣʥǷѣôͿתˣҲΪԼ棬лҲûҪл
ûҵսȷѾԣ߱ս⡣л
ͶˣҲս־رǿˣ֮ˣһζޣٶȲ죬ĥѵĴսȴܹٵܹڶ̶ʮڴﵽ˵زĿս֪жٰɡħ
л֮սѾˡ
ħԭˣҪΪҲȷҪħѣ˼ƣע㾡սĻʵͨ켶ֺУΣأΨеħ磬ֻгĸںУͨ켶ֶʱ޷٣ҵħܵѾٳֳ罻ս˷ʺлĵطħ硣
˵һûл
лǷ֪ʱ̫ơħлصҴ󷨵ʹã͵ص㣬ҵħ֮ԳֲſԣͲҽ㴫͵ȥ
лЦ󷨻ܴ͵磿
ħ¶Ȼ֮ɫȻ󷨵лҲ֪ɡ
Ȼл֮
Ȼ󷨣Ҫͨ϶Ҳ̸ôĴۣ϶ġ
ʮ꣬ҽħµģʱ˼һ˻ܣǵʱ˼ָɳַһнħ֮ͨ£һĴħŷѾĻ󷨣ֻͨ󷨻عҽ֮ǡһңͼı˵ͬھ󷨵ĴҲû֪ˣֱз֣˼ġħ˵
󷨻ưɣλϵĸ޷ʹ󷨡л
ħȻˣһԴͲóˣһ㣬ǲ㴫͵ģ͵ʲôطҲ޷ȷҵǴ͵ħ磬磬˵㣬Ͳ𣿡
̹Σն˵˳
ԽˣԽ˸еΣա
ⲻ˵ôʱȫ԰г֣лⷽҲǰ׼ȴħ֮ͬġ
˵ôΣգǾֵζˡ
ⲻԼ
ΪʲôҪҡл
ħ΢΢һЦʾҵĳ⡣
лȤˣ⣿
ԣлٲҪ˵ƽҿлٵҲӦһҪ󣬷Ҳͬ⣬㽫˶ɱˣԽħ硣ħ˵
˵ɣҪʲôл
ħ΢΢һ˼תٵ˼Ŀܣò˵Ϊ˱ʾƽʱҡ櫿ͬлһ˽ҽ硣
л΢΢һŴħҲ̫˰ɡ
䣬Ǵħ櫣֮ǰЩλֶ櫵̬Ⱦ֪櫵λڴħģҲǹޡ
ħͬȻǲܵҵġ
ȴ˲ףħΪʲô
ΪҪлͬһǵĽסħ˵
Ŷʲô񣬲ɡл
ħȻǣֱӽ磬α鷳
⵹Ҳǡ
лʵҪʲô
ݻħħʹڵ󷨣ħ˵
лɵ
ħҪףħʹѾ֮ռݣȻͨ켶ʱ޷ٵħ磬ǳȴɳ룬ħʹڿ³۷徳ĸҪݻٿɲô򵥵顣
лȻˣѡҡ
Ϊ԰жѵѡħ˵
л°ͣ˼
ȻħĿľԲô򵥣ݻһ󷨣ͿԲϧһðͬУ
лɲΪħôˣ˫Ͼǵˣ˴˼϶ҪԼͬʱҲҪǰȫġ
ͬУǲǵڽԼС
ֱûô򵥣ħ϶Ųɸ˵ĿģǸνһܣߴеĿԵɡ
ȻˣͬĻΪȫҪǩһԼȷ󷨡ħ˵
ηл˳˼С
ΪԼǿƵѹ̣жģȴǿӲֻ˼Һ
İһ֪è壬ǰ򵥣ͬ⣬޷ħ磬Ϊѡ


1823  һ
˼ƣעѾʺлĿʵҪ־ҪʮڳͷУŷǳΥ˵ħ磬ټΣգɸ󣬲ĥѣܹʮڳɾ;ͷ֮£ɶҪڽĿвпܵġ
Ψһ˻ʳɾ;ͷҲԱ֤ʥǵİΣΨԼɾ;ͷ֮𣬷ķſҡ
лζԼһ·ʼճԽˣѸ͵ĳ𾳽̣һɱ¾Ϸ𣬲ֹ̣һζޣмܹڶʱڴ˳ɾ͵ء
ãͬˣлڻͬ˴ħҪ
꣬ѳɴ¡

ΨĥԼɳ۷壬뵽Щͷ㣬ֻʮ֮һ꣬ԼƵǰҪʮڳɾ;ͷ֮սҲҪĸ߶ȣΨˣܹʥͷڽµϣ
лս⼤
Ѫˣսſ𾳽磬ԣս⶯ٵת
ͷ޷Զһ˫۾˸žâ¶һ˿Ц⣬սԾһлѹƲסս⣬쳤ХХֱ𶯵ĿռС綼ҡΣĿռ塣
ħ磬ҵĵлŲ
ħ̾һµ֮࣬ҲڰѯԼʱܹ´ħݣҲͬлһ㣬۷塣
ˢˢˢһӣħǩԼ
ĿıҪлݻħʹڵһص󷨣֮Ҫ
лǩ֣ħͲҽħ磬һ𣿻ɱ㣬ɶ˼ҲкôģΪħ츳Ȼһĸߣճɾ;ͷ֮ҲǿԵģҿϲвɱҡеġ
ĵħ磬Ż֪ħڣǿõİ취֣ſ𾳽ڵħı棬ɱ˵õ˵֣һֵע⡣ħЦеĵҼȻǵħ֮ȻطһعʵͬͷųҵϢ
лԣЦãʮ֮ҽٴ㹲ħ磬μ۵ʢ磡
ִˡħЦ磬Ľʢ磬Ҳҵħ
Ľ磿лĵȻûʸΪ˼һӣһ硣
һ֣˱ȽȽգֱ߿հף·ħЦħĽʢ磬лĵɣ
ЦУлһ˱ƾʧ
·֮˿Ŀɿڴ
櫸ǵͺռ壬ĿռѾﵽܹĽκһռСƵĵز
лЩʱգУҲڲʱͿռ壬ȻɲǷİ壬ԼһУְ壬ڣɳΪԼɲǷУοҲǿİ壬лȻܵģδڻϸһ¥ȴÿռ˵ȻܹκοռСȥ磬ҲҹǰԵʣϾǰǲ֪û۷ֵ֣ġ
ϡ櫵
ǲ֣Ϊͬǰȥħ硣ħЦ
櫵ǣϣһɫڣ˵Ŀл㿪ʼɳģ鼶ʥ׷ɱ£ζǲϵĥеϵͻҷ棬˵Ķһмĵһˡ
ħüëһҿɼǵ˵õԶʱһ˸ԶʥдĴǣԶͨӡ֤ʵġ
ûᣬԶʥʵⷽҪѷɫлѷɫ٣ϾԶͨԶʥʴﵽͨ켶֮ǰʼնģ飬ԶʥҲܱԶͨ͵Ϯˡ櫵
˵ħлһɳĵطˡħ
櫵ͷ
ôΪģڼлĸĸߵŮˣѣҲûһ˽лġ
ĻǶлѵۣ˶ûʸ
вǻɫѵûգħЦ
櫳ʵ̫ɫЧ÷٣ұ㰵ȡöɫ񵤣Ȼиı䣬ĿıҪµõöɫ񵤣ķɫ񵤵ãлȴûнöɫ񵤸ңֻѡΣȻֶȻܴ󣬿ԶԣԶͬʱƿöɫ񵤶лвֻа˳ɵİա
ħл飬Щ˼ʮˣ࣬ĸоȻҪȱ˸ʮٱõɫ񵤱ȻиӦģҲа˳Ѿܲˡһ£˵м£㲢֪عħ磬ûлͬУҲǱġ
ΪΣ櫲⡣
ħ¶һĨЦ֪ҽ磬˿ٵĹҽ磬λͷġ
櫾ĵɴŵĵʲô⡭վǴϻ۹ˣѵһжǸҪݻٵĳֹ
ûֻҪݻǸ󷨣ҽ罫ᷢκ˶񵽵ı仯лҽػ۷壬һͳħЦ
򲻶ˣΪʲôݻһ󷨻˴ı仯أ
Ҳûѯʣ֪ħ˵ģֻͬħжعħ磬ȻҲڱеġ
뿪פأлδʥǣֱɽ
ɽҪһޡ
ޣлȻ֪ЧҵˣлŪˣĵõ֪صа˱ĵ·
ʱлƶϣаʸ֪ϹʥʣıŲòģֱ뺣֪֮ʱƶǴģԭ֪ЩԼһԵʱ˼ǱصһδϴаżϹʥ⿪ٵģΪº·֡
˵лƶϴ󣬵ʵҲˡ
ȴޡ
лֹҲǵ޶ԴԼرչ˵ԭɣԶͨԵʡ
˷ڿ𾳽磬лҲѾжϳ޵ʵλ壬վҲƵֻ£ɳǴﵽͷ֮ģһһЩ㲦ɾ;ͷҲǲܵģһжǺ֮һ
ɽϹʥʳ׷˼ͨĵط
֮лͨռ壬ҵռɽ


1824  
𣡡
лǱռɽ̾һ޽ӽɽ֮ϴ
Ȼ޵˻
˵ûǱԶͨ˷ǳʹлǷһ˿ЦԺͬʱ𵱳˵Ĺ޵ܣָŷ֮֮󣬸ǽ޵İͳͳ˵л
л֪ǲ򵥣ѹʱλȻԽͷ֮𣬶ޱǱ޷ǰͷˡ
ǰлã
л˵꣬ʩչƵ磬һ㻮նȥ
ɽߴʮף´½ĵһɽ·ܹһ㣬Ҳ˼ͨڡ
գۼ䣬л㵽ɽۡ
ɽ֮ϣƶʱƵأзƹܣԪǿ񱩣粻ʱĳ֣Ԫ۵ʹ￴ȥǲƽ
ؼ䣬ţ˸ŵĹâÿһ涼һеǷ磬еˮеǻ𣬼˸ԵŽ֯ͷҪȻ޷򿪵Ŀֲӡ
ŻƵ·ۡ
һа֮ߵʯǵ̵ţһһЩͼƣ˸ŵĻ⣬ǻ֮ʥ
ڻ֮ʥӦǰһ΢ͻɽͷ֮ϣһӹ׾¯Ǿ¯룬ʸﵽģսʼеİȻҲʱ˿̣¯ϣǻ֮ʥṩġ
ףло¯ھȻʥ
ΣлȻʧЦɴʥ𣬱˵޷ܹͨ򿪣ҲἤʥǿǾͷµֻļ֮ɱΪʥ¯Ļսʼ𣬻һʳɾͨ켶ɡ
֮ʥ¯м䣬һͷħվ
ޡ
ոճ޻лģͷûǣףţۣβȻ˾ޱ䡣
ͷҫâԭţģǱøӵӷףһƬƬǶϣ˸ŵĽ⣬оϺȻͷųһĺʤ
þòлƯĶ棬Це˵
ڻˡ޿лĳ֣ûʲô֮ɫ
лȻһЦδָ䣬Ҳûûڵ޵ļҲܲȱ㽫ƭת飬˼ҿǼܲʺһǰء
ƭתٺ٣֪˺ܶడ¶Ц֮ɫ
лĵǿǿĿģ֮ǰĻǾ棬ǾǼ٣ȻŪˡ
޵ʲô
ޣлص֮壬֮𣬶֮棬֮У
ľ޵

Ц
лȻ֮
һһ޵һǿĲǲûзԿ˴˶ڿš
аżռСĺڣƿſԵռɽͽֻǿһ˿ԴˣҲҪίߣӲܸ⿪۵ĽƣûԼˡ
лĵӦҲŶԣǵ굣Ļɱ㣬Զ֪ͨ㻹лĿ𣿡
ЦԶͨеģ֮ˣҲΪ֪굣һ㣬ɱңܹҽаżƵ޸Ե£ޣʱδ˺ֺȴʱѪӡΪ֮壬Ƕ֮棬ȴ˴ңⲻƽҪΪ˸Ĵۣ
ŽޣлҲǸпѡ
޿ƺͰףʵȻ෴ҪĴ㣬ֻϧһˣȻᾪʵ꣬ʵɽڵĿռɱոճŽӴѪӡޣҲֻͣԶͨҪɽȻҲŲɸ˵Ŀġ
һǷӡлȻĵѾָ˹޵һм䣬ֻҸеܶģһ֮棬֮еķ緶ûС
Ȼõһȫ䣬Ѿ⿪˼ö۵Ľƣû൱ļˡ
лȻһʵļпܹŽܸ߲εģ㻹ţӱעˡ˵Щпĵʱ겻ӣ˵ʱȻǹϵǿ֮һǽʣɾ㸸׵ĳ֣˥䣬֮壬֮棬ԭΪǶ֮ģû뵽Ȼ㣬֮Ϊʲô֮һٺ٣ΣǼΣҪƵİɡ
ȻĵҸʮͷǿߣɾ;ͷû뵽ȻĶҪħ޾ͷʮͷɱˡҧгݵĵǰʩչֶΣߣˣȻŹңʱգʩչѪӡҪɱߣþԶͨȣܻѪӡۼѪӡתΪеһ߱˿Խʮսʵ
лĵ걻ȡʬ屻ߣҲԶͨΪ׼İɣõһжһԲŷɱ䣬ٶȳɾ֮ġ
޵ˣ
ʹҲش˵ذɡл
֪𣿡Цƫ㡣
ʼ磬лȻĵ㵽ʲôʹҲ֪޷ǾΪԶͨģҪ㣬֮ʥ¯һУ㶼ûıģΪһ˵ϹʥΪʵ򲢷ֱʡ
ߵҵȻ֪ƾϹʥʲôʸͷ޲ߵķӡȻ֮壬Ҫɵ飬ûܹ
Ҹ㣬˭ֱʣ㲻ˡлЦ
˭ֱʡĵ
л˻ʣ
޾㵵ôϹʥʳ֮ǰѾ磬ܹһС
Ϊ˻ʵĵǺʣʵĵϹʥʣϹʥǽʵɵһУֶε˻ʣ뺣Ȼа취ϵлЦеĵ㻹ǲҪƻˣ˻ʳȴһ;һָġ
ƵģȻа취ı䣬Ϊáߵ


1825  ߹һ
һһ޵ĽԽԽɽ֮۵ҲԽԽǿʢһսȻԱˡ
ޣλ塣
ʵлƾսɽּģ޲֮ͬ壬֮棬ط츳޵ף˵ܹǱʵ򻹾˲֪ĺġ
˵һǱаͷ֮սͷ
ô޾һдģȻԶͨ£žʵģϾΪУǿǰκα壬ǰͷ԰ͷǱʤġ
Ҳɱ㣬㣬͸ԶͨҲǱһĶˡ޵ĵ
Ѿ׼ˡ
лһ֪ԶͨԴ̬ȵԭ򣿡
ĿģֻԼ֪ҵĹ۲죬Ҳƶϳʥ֮ؼһڡ޵
ʥ֮ؼһڣ
л¸̣ԶͨʲôĿġ
һ⡣л
Ҫˣһס㣬͸ԶͨԸشеġƽ˵弱ٵķŴ
ԭֻ׶೤գۼ䣬ʮ׵ĳȣ߸Ǵﵽ˾˵ĵزǰлͺϰС
лԸشҲ׷ʣͬա
˺۾ƽеĸ߶ȣҲȻͷųλԵսѸٵתᵽ޵Ϣ֮ȻҲ
ӲӵĹâлɢȥ
𣡡
졣
֮۳һл󣬶޷һɱ˻
ǱıԴ֮ö֮ѳɣǱıԴ֮ΪĿʼɣ׳Х
л˼ȭס
Դӿλ磬פɱˣȴûķӳʵҲǷӳɣҪȫԸչֳӵʮսǿƻ
𣡡
лȻ׳Х
ҰƺȻ緢ɽ֮۷ƶԪŨǿҵķţ޾ƣѹƵ
λѹָǰҡĵ
Ҳʾ˫Ŀâʢϱ֮ٵӿţеһٿر֮
󶥼ǿߣҪһָ¡
һսͽҰɡ
սһһ
һӰͻأĳڸ߿֮УǿƼлͬʱȷλѾһʱ׼λ޵ƻҪǿʢ֡
Ϥͷ
лȻŤͷȥʦ
˷ǱˣǴ½ػǰػ֮ѹ˼糤꣬˸ҷĴʦл
ػ֮Դǰʼػ֮ͽ̳µػ֮󣬱ԶɢȥɲϹʥΪǰһػ֮֮󣬱˴˹µѪȥ䡣
񣬸лʦȻƳ䡣
ûǲ֪ʲôطͻʮսʣﵽĸ߳زһֻ̤λľ硣
ʦлл΢ͷ
Ѫӡ䣬лӲͻƽ𣬶Ѿﵽһ塣
ֻط˷෽۽ɽ֮ȷսʱص㣬ѾҪô˻ᣬ˼һٲٶȫٸȥлⳡѡʦл˵
л΢΢һظ׼ɣ˼ĸδܹʤ
ͷֱϵѪ˼ʵλ磬֮ǰܵƣֻܶòѾơʦл˵
ʲôлɫ΢䡣
λĻôֻӵĻҲ֮⣬λλŽʮĲ࣬ʮսʵĲǴﵽ޷Խĵزһǳ棬Ȼȫʤ
лȻ𵱳ʹͷֱϵѪӯӯĻԣ´һսɱлģΪţܿλ
ʦ֪ģл
лǱפڣµĲӰŴﵽ񾳽ġ
˻
лԲɵõһ
Ҳ̫˰ɣҪʮսʾפڣǺεȵĵźεȵΣ
֮ضͻңѪвлʦĵ
лԵͷħһĵ
ͨĥܳɾ;ͷ֮
ʦڱȥˣ޽ʦˡл
лͷȥɣٶӦÿԸϡ
лҲûʱлʦɣչȶʩչƵ硣
Ҫ뿪
ߣ𣡡ȵſһ̹ǵıܹ֮һе
лʦһһӣһֱӽǱ֮ˣǺȻ͡
۷弫֮𣡡޾
Ѿڿն𣬿ȥлһ
֮ȫͷҲҪɵֵģǼ֮ҪʥףѣѣлķҲûм֮߱ģǼ֮ҪٶȽﵽ۷壬ʥĵزϼѡ
лȻʹﵽ˴˵ȵز
Щʲô
ޣɣҵ֡лʦĵ
׳ХлΪܹԶ𣿡
лʦƽĵʱʱ̣лʮ֮УЩλֱϵѪڡ
ǿЩǾͷֱϵѪսԶͬ׸ܱȵģȻʮлǣʹս𣬶ûá޴Ц
޴лʦѾͷֱϵѪλ֣Ȼˣ崦פĴΪʲôҰг֣Ĵֻܣ޷֣λᱻˡ
ԣɫһ͡
λԶԶλģһսЩλ֣ǸҲ˽οǱʥǵ˵ģҲֻилͻңӰ˲ſǣλ޷ֵġ
ɣ
лʦһưȥ
һ˶а״СȼŵĻγɣǺȻ۷ļ֮۶ɵģޡ
Ҳ𷴻
һһѪսĻ
Ȼٶȷӵ޵лԴ˲֪飬ʧȥټ֮ǰܹлʦȻռݾϷ磬ʤֻʱ⣬ʮлɱƺҲܵġ
л֣Ȼӯӯ˾߱λʵΪλᱻʥפأΪͬ˺̹һפأڲ֪ȻǸлʦһΪڱΪʥǳ
д˵ҲʥǵҰ
뵽˴βμӽɽĺܿΪ׵ʥлǸеģٶҲӵ˾˵ĵز
Ծĵط࣬ħޣͿһڿһֱߡ


1826  ߹
ɽɽ̫ңԶ
ͨλҪȥôҲҪĸСʱʱ䣬лȴֻ˲ʮӣӲǳ嵽˽ɽ
ٶҲ״ηӵ쾡¡
ֻҲЩģ£óһƿξƹȥٵĻָ۷״̬
лڽɽİɽʩչֱɽۡ
ϵ֮󣬷ִͬ˵ֻطˣʥ峤ԼĻ־Ȼϵ
־ԭֻܵȴġ
߾ͷʮ֮֮󣬾仯ʥǱܽ˼Ի־㱻˳˭֪ƹȻƹµһЩȻһ־ͻ˾磬λľ硣
Ȼм֮ҲܵƵӰ첻̫󣬵Ҳ޷ȫλ
бǴħĴħҲڵ
ʥǵ
Ϊ׵ȻǱ裬裬Ů׿ԽҲһķ羰ߣԣˮϦԼԺңһЩ֣ǵѾ߱˰ܵƵӰ͵ġ
緽ǿߣңԶʣ
л״һü
ˣа취ɽԲڲӰ죬ɷħֻطˡ
ֻطߵȻΪҲЩǿλ粻ӰģһûǶ֣Ǳɱˡ
Ը˵Ļֻͬ˲Ӱ졣ħЦ
ǵĶԻлҲǰԵͷ
Щ˿ɶ˼֮ţһ͸λûзֻϧͷֱϵѪʵʵȷʵ˲֪ġ
л̾һۡ
ʵ֮Ул˵ջܹĿҪˡ
֮£һжĺС
лһӱ㿴ɽ࣬һСɽھȻа֣ϵȻʵ͡
жʮͷҲͱǵ
ͬûİֻϧǧ㣬û뵽˵ʵЩӦͬţֽ֮ȫͬ˵ؽ㣬Ѷʥǹвˣնɱ֣ܹʥɵرɶ˼ˡл²ɴϲ
鿴ܡ
̵ĸ֣ͬڽɽΧȻҲǵľϾڣԳµġ
лЦֹ
οǴӻˡ
ʥǷ棬ſռ磬ȻҲǿͷųǧĸ֣˵ķ׼
л΢һ˾
ûãֱѾɽ֮ۡ
ǵܶ࣬һǧ֮֮࣬ɢγɰΧȦɽָΧ
ȫģҪһսġ
лƺ˫ûս飬ǹصľս
ֻҪЩĸֱôʣµЩСϺףƲˣּġ
緽Ϊ׵ˡ
ǰһˣʹ˼Ȩߡӯӯ
ҷֱվһ֣һҵǿߣҲ綷ͷͷҾͷֱϵѪ
֮£κ˵ʵ綼лģĵȷֱֻϵѪû׼ҵľͷֱϵѪǰ
λȻˣǾͽΪǵ֮ذɡӯӯֵǶֺͷҸֲûвԣֻ˫ֱ磬Ȼۿš

ֻطԵʥ峤Ц
ָӯӯҲɵ֪νɽҪһվģҲڶѿˣǻɡ
лʥ峤ǿӣЦˡ
ǲ֪
ŰɣҲ㼴׼ͬ˺ʹħ̸ָ
ŶҴǧ֣λʮˣƾʲôǡӯӯҲżͬžԵţǾ˵ʵʵ
Ǿ֪ǵʥ峤һпȥٽľ޽Ȼ档
ز
лʱͷ֣ڰǰͬ˵ʱصĵطͷų߿գվֻطˣͻ־ֵĺ󷽣Ѭ졣
ӯӯƲһۣȻһЦƺͨеλҲ޼ʲôˣοǵλָ޷ȫսеޡ
ȻˣȻа취ƣֻط˰Ȼ˫𶯣Ѹٵû¡
лע⵽ЩѸٵڵɢܿʮķΧڣиϣʹʮﷶΧγһĿռ䡣
׿ռ䣬һ̶Ƶãȷ׼׵ڴ˿ռڣλӰ졣ӯӯһ۱ʶİǵȻ̫ˡ
Ǽءħ
Ļ£ڰ̸Ҳ׷׳Ҳʮλĸ֡
ֳȴ֮ˣλѾнʮ֮
ӯӯ裬ʥǵĸóɣǷҷʮλ൱
ҷЩˣûص
ðɣȻԸʵҾͱóԼʵߣǱʥǱƵ˵زġӯӯ¶֮ɫɱ⾪ģλǸԴʮλ֣Χͬ˺͵ħʣµͬһɱʥǸ֡
ֺͷҸֹһЦʾͬ⡣
зҸʮλ̤ħͳ˧ĸȥʮλͬ˵ǿǡ
ʣӯӯ˴λ֣Ȼʥǵĸ֡
˻
ֻط˻
˲Ϣλ壬һǿȥλҲ롭
ǰλˣҲǰţǿЦЦţȻƼ
䣡
񱩵𶯵նҪˡ
λ
л̾һͷֱϵѪȻѾﵽλϵܹͻˣҲʥǶ˼ת۵㡣
ˣ
ҸֵܿǧˣƱ֮˿ͬҲλĸ֡
˶չֳʵӯӯȻҲ⡣
վѩ׵ȶλҲѹķ
λ۶ɵѹƵʮﷶΧڡ
ܣôλʥ峤
ӵĵΪʲôԣԶͨ걻ӡ֮ǰȻֽţǰ˼Ѿͳ֮ˣֱڣĴͷʮ֮һɢ˼ĻᣬǵѪܹȽλֲܹɵĻ
ʥ峤л߾ͷʮ֮꣬ȻǽԶͨµĽơ
ҪллӯӯʱӿˣǿݿȥЩ͸ѪϢɭɭĶʥǸǡ


1827  ߹
ʥǷ棬˽䱸
ǵȻҲвλ֣ҶǴӿռĴڵõģǸոյõõģԱƵв󣬵׿ռγɣȻȫ漤ҲλλĲʵ̫ˣֻ˼ƴӯӯ߰˴λȴ޼ƿʩ
״ü
׼ռ֣ͷȫɱˣֻλȻ޷׿ռ䶥λֲӰˡ
ѵֻ˼ƴ
ɲϲַΪζʻǳ˵ģʱܹλģǶ츳ߵģδɾͲģʱ䣬̫ˡ
óصӯӯ
ߵҪûǷʵ
һ䣬վں󷽵ˮϦȻǰһվڱŮм䣬ϵĵʱĵһǿʥˮ
ͬʱҲͷų֮硣
ͷų֮
ŮѸٵĻһͬʱĿһں档
ǲģǺðɣҾ֪λжǿӯӯЦȻ̤
Ҫһ˶ԾĴŮ
Ȥ˿ûôߵ¡
ɱ
ֺͷҸּͬ´ɱ¾µĹʮλֺһ±ɱȥǧսʼҲ˻ɱȥ
Ҳ˳ȥǵĿֻطˣʥ峤־ħ櫵һƿߡ
λһ֣ž춯ص¡¡УѪȷ磬ѣ׿ռ䶼ʱĿܡ
սһ±ﵽ˶塣
л֮¼սζһֻһӴͬ˺͵ħ⵽ԵĴ̫ˣλеλּǣסˣô
ֱһߵɱ¾
ʥǷ
ӯӯȻ⼺ʵﵽλʵ֧֣ҲЩɵǾˮϦʥˮļ֮磬ļ֮ĴŮҲǾо˵
ˮϦ˭ԸֵʥˮǷ壬ǺεȵʵҲûмɵġ
˫һǿƣһƣʵǴڶŽ׶εġ
ҲǾûм̳ǲϵʩչĽϣøӵ£·̺Żصһ
Χɱ¾ϣҽ
ȴԵñȽϰ
滨ӯӯҲ뷨ʱ䣬ǰ˸˸ɱʥЩͳͳնɱ

˴ʹλͬӦǡ
̱ɱ˳ȥ
ǰ˵صʥǸҲ׷Ƴ
üֻܶÿռڵˣʱǲˡ
ӯӯ˵Ż֪ɣе˷ֱȥʥǺͬ˵ܲҪûһټ𡣡
Ȼ֪˭ȥʥǣҿȷ㣬ȥ޻صġȻĵʥͬã棬ʥǵλǲƵģҲЩͬڱһȺ۷Χء
ӯӯƲƲ죬š
һЦҲøӯӯ͡
ĲͣӯӯЩˣϣһѷ񽣣׼ˡ
ĴŮҲ䱸ȫ߶
ڴͬʱʹ˴λַŭȻɱʥǸֵĽǰ
ƴˣһĸֿȵ
еǼ֮ףֻͼ֣ˣȻӵзǳµκ˼ɵġ
Ĵλͬʱ
һɱǰ˴ʹλĸ֣Ҫһս
֮⣡
˴ʹ׼ҲǱȽϼɵеļǳ֮ǰѾ׼
Ϳ˱ѩɫͬʱųɫĹΣһӾͽʥǷĴλֶָˣ̹һķ
ˢˢˢˢʹλתΣվɫĸ򣬷Ĵ߶Լȹ˳
ĴʹλЦɱʥǵսʼǿߡ
״̾һֻǰռڵĸˣԭʩչģֽͬ˺͵ħɱļȫûһǰͷųռڵĸ֣ȻЩ˷ӯӯһЩ˾лˡ
ʵ㡣
ͬ˺͵ħǿľ
뷨лĴ㲻ıϡ
ֻս˲Ϣ䣬һֱԼȥеģΣΪЩʥǸֵҲֻܶÿռڵˡ
Ҳóǿռɽˮӯӯֵһ˲Ϣл֪Լʱˡ
أ
Ȼը
һɿ񱩵
л£żȭףֳ񵶣ȰʹĴֵǰ
֮ŭ
˵һһ㣬лĵЯŻһеƣ׺ݵײȥ
Ĵʹλ뵽ܹǿ⣬οл͵ϮΪٶ֮죬ҲӵǿȵлǰҲŷӦ
䣡
β㣬һĨ⻯׶ʮ׶೤ֱӽĴʹλָС
漴âɢлա
ٿĴʹλȻѪ꣬ͳͳ
л
лˣ
ʱ쳹׿ռڡ
лһɱδ֣ͣƵ緢ӵ£һѸٵĻɫһȦ
ʥĴֵʹҲ֮档
ÿ˵ǰһѪѪۿǻˡ
ĸøʲô֪ɡл
˳ХһɱʹսʼȺУĸֱǻȺʥ֣ǽһΧˡ
ɱˮױ
л֣ȷӦһ£˼֮磬֮ʥˮһȼŷˮź¡¡ıӯӯ
ͻأһӯӯ̸ов

ɫٵȶţһɫ֮ϣλҲͬʱ
ಣ
ۿһҪʱȻһߣֱ죬Ȼѡ˶ܣδ潻档
̺ſֲһҲĽŵ׷Ծȥ
㿪һлһ޿ɱܣֻӲӲ

һ֮նӯӯ񽣼ѣʹһߵķݰ󵹷ɳȥ
лһ֣Ȼʹ˰ݡ
ᵶ׷ɱȥ
籩
һߣǷҸֵħ˽սֱ̧һתؿ磬赲лĳ
Ул̽һȭȥ
أ
תؿʱ顣
ͬʱǶҲ˦Ļͷֻط˵ȣһȭȥһ޴ȭͷӰһ׶󣬱л
лֻûӶնȥ
նǾ޴ȭͷӰɱȥҲֹͣ
λҲǣлΧĵط
Ѹٵóռ磬潫ʥڴյƵλָͷ˳׿ռ䣬ǻؾµġ
ɱһȵ
һʱ䣬˶λǵصĳֺͬ˵ǿǣڵħĸΪлҪǺǰȥħ磬Բڹ֮ڡ
ͻأֵĴֻ֣طﻹͣˡ
һΧ˺׷ɱսչˡ
ΨĵлԼλֶԴ˲ܲʣǵֻб˴ˣˡ


1828  ˼
սսʹ죡
һҲ˵Ѹٵ߿գֱ׿ռ䣬ɽ֮۽׵Ͽա
ˣҸֺӯӯҲ׷ա
ҷ㵽ףлЦҲ߿գλֽһԼʵսΣ˿ɶͨλܱȵģܹʤôħԸǿĵˣҲǿжϴԼ뼫ȵıС
ħ֮УѾڱС
ĸֲлڴģ˵һضȥҲûбҪȥħˡ
ˢ
ȳΪ֣սž˵츳һֱܣлҵķλص㣬ʱĶ׼
ֻһʾ
лЦһᵶֻȭȥ
սƴλ󣬻޼ء
䣡
ײ
ͬʱƺһһϸ߿գһٵ׹档
ֻһѾжϳ˴˵ʵˣлֹսȻǶʮԲͨλ֣վҪѷɫһߵġ
϶ͱԼױȵս飬лоԵİˡ
һսְȻٽһп
ٶȥ
˷˫Ӷ۳һƬȭӰɸһƬأ̺ŵɽڲ
նɱ㣡л
⻰һֵıŭֵˡ
лջһȦ
ʱ䶷ʱ侲ֹ
һ޴ʱָ֣һӾͽȭӰֶˣһձһ˲Ϣľֹ
Ҳǳô˻ᣬлȻ
ƶն
˵һֱײȭӰ֮ڣײ֧飬öûӳʱҲ֮顣
лҲ붷ֵڡ

ֳԾСٵóһǹᵵǰ
лԵٶǰûжĻᣬֻܱĵֿ

صǹǹϷ
ǣ
ǹδѣϷȴѺۣǿսĶֵ˫ֻѺۣѪֱ˫۷飬Ҳʹֱ߷ȥ
лᵶ׷ɱ
ӯӯͷҸּ״ﻹܿϷҲһ֣һõһýɵĵ⽣ӰлҪ
Ʒ磡
ˢ
лƾʧӰ٣ǵ⽣ӰҲڿմлٶȳ֣Ȼ׷Ƕ֣ڶ֮
쵽µıֻ֣ٶǹֵ
أ
֪лӳͻȻڿֹͣڶִ֮࣬лĽѾ˳ȥд˵ĸ
һżĳ߶ϣʹ˶ǹҲʹ֣лǾŵ¡
ۣ
һָնΪ룬ѪɢһƬ
лˣթ˵ģҸŭ
лЦ˵û˵Ĺ
ɣҸŭ
ɣֶԸңѵǹˡл༥
ȷûܹɱλǿߣǴ˿Ǿж嶷ͷѪʵǿ󣬷ͨλܱģǲõֶΣնɱܡ
Ҹҧгݣӯӯɱ
ˣӯӯߵֻǶ̫԰ֵġ
Ŀͬʱһ٣һɱȥ
лȻվգһ񵶣бָ񷣬ͷҷҵƮһ֮ӿţֱʶС
ãҪʩչ籩ӯӯ״е
ҸֳХһ׺ݵһնȥһЯһص磬ƿޱȣ·Ҫط顣
ӯӯѩ׵ٶţһĹ֮ϣҲչһʮ׳Ľ⡣
ֳƾ춯ء
ǿֲƵɽΧ֮ڵĿռ䶼ֵŰļѺӿֳ
ԴӴﵽλ磬лҺ̬ҲǷδʩչܿܽҪﵽ֮󣬶ǿĹֶΡ
üһ㣬âҫ졣
ˢ
ԾǾ籩ɴﵽ𾳽֮лٶʩչȴȫζˣӣһԲεĹ⻡ɢѸٵķŴ
л֮࣬Ҳоǹ⻡ƺ֮ǰƵľ籩õѹı֡
Ǿﵽ㹻ʱ򣬾籩һȻ仯
ǣ⻡渽һʮʹ⻪Ļ档
⻡ǵ⽣Ӱ֧飬ͺĸֵֽһ㣬κεֿ
ҸֺӯӯĲ
һȫ֣ȻްĿôˣ⾫籩жôĿֲ
·˶Ŀɿڴ
̫ǿˣ
ֿɲʹ䡣
ͬʱ쳤ХҸȫ񱩵Ĵ߶ſһѪ棬ʹ񵶱ʮ׳ĵȫˣ׺ݵǰһͣҪֵǹ⻡
ӯӯҲ⡣
ͷ㱣ҲûУѩѣѩɫë·ţ֮ϣʹ񽣱ŷΪ˵ʹҲֳվ˫սȫ
٣֡
ˢ
ȼʮʹ⻪Ĺ⻡Ҳ֮٣޼᲻ݵ̬֮ϣҵײ
꣡
꣡
Ϳ񵶴۶ϣ񽣶ѡ
⻡ǿƷӶ
ˢˢ
һĨ貵Ĺ⻪ӶǵĲӼӹȥŶͷ˳ȥͷʬ׹棬⻡ʮʹ⻪£һ£屻ճɻҽʣ
һлеһЩ⡣
籩Ȼǿ˹
ܹնսʼԶԶл֮⣬Զ׼ģ𾳽֮󣬲ƣ籩⶷ſʼֳ
׼ٶȳֻɱ˵ģлҲֻջ
վڸ߿գܡ
絽ĸڴĿռڳλΧ£һߣͳͳĨɱͬ˷棬Ҳֻֻطˣʥ峤־ԼǴ֣ǿͳͳ
Դˣ˼޿ʥǿ
ͬ˻⵽׼ҸǿΧˣ¾ܹʣҲˣϾﾡʧȻûˣֻطΪ˻ܷġ
ħ緽ҲǾʧ߰˰ˣѾۼǿ
ʥǿȻɵֵ
ͬ˺ĸֽȫˣӶ˼Դռ磬ȫ֣Ϊʮս׼
лҲʥ˻ۡ
ʮ֮л裬̺ʹʦлפڣдħħĸͬţֳʱ󷨣ħ磡


1829  ҵħ硾һ
ħ˼粢û̫һҪ˵ͬ˼ҪԪɫģΨ࣬۳ɰһ㣻ħħ࣬ͬɫһﵽһǺɫģ֮ͬˣǰɫġ
δͣư˵ħ硣
һӵʧظУ˶Щ̫ӦΪǳ֮ߣָܿ˳̬
лܣǡһɽּ䡣
ԶˮݷҷľдУһЩɰħ޻ģһ͵ľ
л٣Ǳᴿħᴿҽ籾Դ֮ħʵƫǵħڣȴϤ֮ħڷӿҲл˿֮ͻĿǰ¡
лȻһЦûС
뿪ɽ֮ʮڣһֱʥǺͿռڣ˾ۻᣬ̽һЩ飬Ҳ˸ĸǽħᴿԴֽ̣֮˿
޷ֻҪлٽħʹݻ󷨣һıԴ֮ͷųġħЦ
л΢΢һЦԸ˰ɡ
ǸԼԴ֮ڣʵĿĻһǰǴݻ󷨣лıƣ᲻֪Ȼ˲֪ıѾˣҪν󷨵ʲôãǷݻ١
֪лٴͬǰħʹأǷֿħ
ֿɡʦл˵ħʹȻȥģȥ֮ǰһһЩҪ
лԣͷͰʦ˵İ졣
ħóŵͼлˣħʹһЩעħ櫵˱뿪ˡ
ʦҪȥʲôطȷħ˵ȷѾ뿪лʦлѯʡ
ǻǲ֪ĺáл΢һ˵
лһüܸолЩصġ
ģлҲ˼Ц˵Ϲʥʻϣ˻ʵָҪȥһǳ飬ܹɹҵļ֮𽫳ɾʥ𼶱ֻǴУΣ֮Էǻ֮Ҳŷǳѹƣʶǰȥ
˻ʵָ
лһҲͲѯˣǸлһ֮ĻᣬĻᣬĻҲ϶ܵģܶôѣġ
ˣǾԤףʦɹ֮ɾʥ𣡡л
ҲҪС£ħûô򵥣Σءл˵꣬ƮȻȥ
Ŀȥֳֻʣлˡ
лҪȥħʱ򣬿ҪģлѡλŮҲԭġ
Բ˵ٱĸıò磬ħֺеĵطǱزٵģҲܹͨĹؼһ档
ڱ裬лжֿǣǱŸոռҪĥѣܹٳɳоǱʥǵĵλ΢еΣ˵лŮеĴ󣬿ʵͻ޷ȣƿȫҲϰˣЩΣлĻýпıģоദʱݣģҲܶʰ黳
ȥħʹʵ
̵ҿħûģεĴݻ󷨣϶вɸ˵ĿģҪ¡
лͷ˵ĶԣҪħĿĵʲôһеĵͼͼǷǳ뾡ħһУڵ򣬾;ħʹԼĵطǾȥħʹķɣ˳һ¹ħʹ飬еħֿΡ
˱յͼָħʹȥ
ڲ뱩¶ݣԶʩչٱ˵ò˸ı䣬ол񵶺ͼȭԼһЩ˵ʹ磬ʶҲҪڲġ
Ϊͨĳ࣬Ķ⣬лսչϢʶɵرսģ³֮еϢŮڵҲһʧˡ
ҲżԷеĲ죬Ͼħ˵İģδ֪Σա
˷нһǧ֮ǰ򶷵
˱ͣ
ǰй۲죬ֻʮսʼĸƴɱ˿ɱѽѷ֣˴϶˺ۡ
ˡ̵
Ц֮ǰжǶԵģ֮пŽᣬʵֻҪ˼ʱŽˣħ磬Ǳ¶Եģ˴֮Թ𱬷ħһƬˡ
ǿǸӪġл
Ǹ߸ӦǷˣʩչĶԾ˼һǿʩչַ΢һжϡ
ǸǶĸ̵֡
лжŮһ£̫ǿķҺͶĺۼˣ̽䣬ڵħܹˣлۣ鿴ܣǷˡ
ȷȷû֮лˡ
ǰɡЦ
̵ţҺͱ㹻ˣ鷳лүˡ
ʮսʣҶǳ벻ãͬˣֻŮʮսڵĲθߣһм֮磬һʥ֮Դս¶ܹͨλֱƴһˡ
лͬŮҪ
Ů˳ȥȡ͵ϮĲԡ
м֮͵ϮǷҸ֣žԵĿƣӵʥ֮ԴֻһǶ˻ʹȥ
ŮѴ֮ͽ˸ܻ׽ˡ
̱ʩչֶζȡ˵ļ䡣
ȻеĶһɨգʬ𼣣лʩչŮѸٵ뿪Ƭ򣬵һ֮أſʼѯ̶ȡ˼䡣
ħҺҡһڣôһ仰ڵĵħ״
лĲݵϣȣͷڱĴϣǷҸֺͶ޼ɵɱ֪϶ƽ͵ġ
ҪӺܶ౶˵
˵ʲôӣԽԽãǲܹˮ㡣лЦ
Ǵֻˣ˵ûʵ˵⣬Ҳ赣ʲôʥǣ˼飬ֻҪϵԼĥԼˣȻҵĵطܹǵҪ
̵ͷԶͳһֱռ巽ǸԷչ׳Լʵͷõʥ֮ģΪԼĻʤʣõİ취ǿʵܹԼˣҪͷĸ֣ҲǾͷĲſԣֻҪðͷԽɾ;ͷ֮ȴûôףΪǹݵħ֮󣬶ֻһ뷨ǾǾܵӶħԴԵİͷͻƣɾµľͷӶΪǶȡʥ֮ĵǿı۰ҲΪӶԴͷڵħ˵ڵħ巽֮⻹мҪرСġ


1830  ҵħ硾
ͷݵħ֮ΪԴл˵Ԥ֮УϾһԴǿɲģǵħһǽ˼ģڵʱãľͷ֮һжٵıأٵʱʱıأħľͷǶ޷ؼǣʱǰһľͷɲֹ˵ģʮ֮ڵģôµıУͿͷɾ;ͷ֮ĶʶҲ
ȡļ䣬Ҳʮսʸֶ֪ɴ˿ɼڵħ巽˴˼ѾڵĵزҲעħĻҡ
һйףһ
ʥ֮ģ
Ϊʥ֮Լĳ룬лɣ˷Ĺݵħ磬˼磬ĿҲˣΨӶԴſĶµľͷµľͷǿƵģ˱Ϊʥ֮ģӸļʡ
ʥ֮ĵʲô
õʥ֮ʲôĺô
лзֹ˵ʲô
ħħвѾͶһԾڴħ൱ڵħѾƽĲˣĳĸ֣Ψͨ켶ֻܵƣҲͨ켶ֻ֣ڵħһЩضĵطĿǰжϣƳƽ⣬ͨ켶ֵ²ᳬʱ䡣˵
ħһдħƣǹȻΣգлУڵħͷ֮ǰǲл˽ģϾҲϣлǣһЩ֣ԼĹݻһž޴ı顣
̼˵ħЩڴħˣɢںܶطۼģǶĿǰΪֹδݵģЩطսǲңڵȥˣ˼ҴսನҪǵħʹһ
ţħʹдħţлЩ⡣
ģҲǺֻǼʾħʹĪ⣬ڲ㣬أǱͷҪġ˵
лüͷһ壬ܹͷעģǱȻǱѰ
ħҪȥݻ󷨣Ϊ˲ϧǩԼ͵ħ磬ٳɳĻᣬҪ֪ħߵһƬأȻܹѸٵĳɳǾ͵ǲϧԼδܵˣҲϧ
˾ܿħʹڣȻŲɸ˵ı
һ㣬Ҫע⡣ɫЩصĵͷȻѾչأЩͷֻһ֮ңİͷȴʱ״̬٣طѾƳ쾡£ħɽȵطЩͷǿʱ彵µģǸҪСġ
ͷͷҪչأȻаͷΪ令жİͷҪܹħࡣ
ȷпܣǻҪע⡣̼˵֮⣬һ˼
ҵڶףôħġлü
˵˼رǰѣҪ˵ҪħˣǿѶ֮ġ
̵ҲӡԶͨŲʷ˺ƹİܱʣԼƣΪĵطһʱʱһþľͷģ֮ǿֱ󣬳ûлعرģҪ˵ħ磬ȥ磬ȥʱʱڣκһ綼׾١
лԣȻʧЦʱµĶȷɲ⣬ʱľͷʵǶ࣬κһطرġ
巽ټϴħħǻ֮ˡţлȻһ١
뵽ʲôʵ
лħڵħȻӴֿܹܣΪʲôҪȥ˼磿
⣬˵ħȥ˼ǵĿġ
ĿģܿѾˣҪعħģǡҪлҴ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ħǰȥ˼Ŀģ϶ݻħʹڵŽܵϵ
ħΪħʹ󷨣ı
˶ʶħıˡ
ãǰȥǰɣħʹĳУǻħʹİ˴֮һħʹĴ󣬶Ҹ˵ļʾڼǴͷĵϵħʹ֪ܿĸ
л΢һǰȥǡ
ǴħŵԼûʱƣлɲżȸ;
˱תǰǡ
ǰȥħʹ;УӰϡ裬Ȼħʹƹܣ˲㣬Ǹĵ֮½½ˣв͵ħĸ֣ǿһЩͶֵĵħ֮ˣЩһλûС
;УлĶͨȫſ̸һõϢ
ħ磬һĨڣһжҪ㿪ʼģȻõĶһЩ֪ģм»лע⡣
Ҽүˣ
¡¡У׵绯·;зе˸𿪣֮Уҽǰ·Ʒǳ֮󣬿ʹӼҽʵȻҲﵽ߽սʵǿȡ
⻹ʲôǵĺһӡ
ʵģõħϧħҸִģħҸǵħħѲϣħǵͬսʼģΧõǵħһΪħɴʹõıħɴģˣŷǳǿĹֻҪɻɱ˵
̧ӵδ󺺣ǶڿзţĿ࣬Ŀڣ涼һͼ˵Ŀ׺ݣ˸ɭâû˱󶼱һѾ
ǵħѪˣǾȻ˵η򣬿ѪҪôѾҪôѾͶˡ̿Ǿͼ˵
лѪڵħǸʲôΣ
ϸھȥ˼йѪϢ˼ңǼңҵϹŴλͬ
˼֣ûȷĵȼ˭֪壬壬ǿģαǴ壬ȼ壬ȻǼңҵȣ˵
Ҳ˵Ѫڵħ
ƲߣǵħѾĲˣ»һЩͨ켶λġ
һǾͲˡ
˵ηĿܻѪѾͶĳһˣǼҽʹӵΣӦͷ֮һ׼ҡ
ǽУǽӱǵĽǰӹȥ
У紵ħɴ¶һŮӿȥҲҲʮӣлһ۱㿴ӵʵλ磡
ŮҲλľ磬ӰĦ
ǿеĻлĸ߶Ⱦ裡


1831  Σͻһ
ֻǾһ˺ŵıҲ˶䣬ĿΧͬʱ۶ǽڵһŮ
˵үǸ˼лȣ˭
ȻүĸŪĹͷˣ붯ء
Сӣ˵
ү忪ᣬūõĻأܸܲūŪһսʼ
С°үϣսʼˣүҵлɱ񵶣׸棬ضˣүͿܳΪ׼峤ˡ
л˼үѵҪȥ˼硣
˼ҪȥģͱǹˣлȻħ磬ˣΪү˿ӱ޵ĸϹҲֵֻñү뿪Ѫ硣
ģūԤףүɣնɱлȡ񵶣Ϊ׼峤
ǵĽ̸һֲлĶС
л˵ɫ쳣ѿǵħϢȻѾ¶ˣҪ֪ǿǸոħ簡ȻѾ֪ˡ
˼ҵ鱨ϵͳ̫
ƨ
Ҳ˼ǣͬǵòܹʶƣлսģϢûа
ôħϢα¶ģ
֪лħģֻ޼ļˣħ˲й¶Ҫл¶лΣ޷Ǵݻ󷨣ԼڣҲлȥݻ󷨵ġ
˭ɵģл
Զͨʥǵ͸¶ȥģ
ԲᣬǸ֪ˣҲ͸¶ȥģҪ֪ԶͨҪұţ͸¶ȥⲻΣ𣬶ҿŲʷˣƹΣͷ´϶ҲأԾԲ͸¶ȥΡл˵
ǻ˭ɵģü
лߵʥǸ߲ڣߣ
ҡͷģ֪˵ˣǶǾְ취ġ
£ҪԴһҪ˭й¶ġлĵŭġ
˶֪лħΡ
˷ǰ׼ٱı󣬳ӵٱɵ˲ſܿģǾͷԿĻᱻϳ
ʱѹʣлǹע׼үἰһ飬Ҫڼڿᡣ
ᣬܹǣҲȥɣ˳Լʹáл˵
ڱȻл飬Ѿ֪ôʽ񵶺ͼȭףȻ޷ʹõġ
ʥǵʱ򣬱Ѿǵˣֻʥھսʼľͺϡ٣ϾսʼĲ࣬һЩأżģ˵ǰģϡ٣ûӦлսʼ񵶣ʶҲδãǴڵħһʺϵı
ûãǱ㿴˼ǡ
ǣΰ쳣վգһߣжл޷һȷǱ˼ĵ۶Ҫ߰˱
ħ磬ȶ˼ΪģҪ˼Ӵܶ౶˿󣬳ǳҲҪձӴϡ
ǽǣ䱻繥ݣԾɺ֡
ﴩţеħˣˣ˴˵Ҳûмɱļ󣬱Ͼͨ˾Ӷġ
л˱ֱڵء
ԶԶľͿۼˣвֺ͵ħĸ֣˴˻һ˵Ż
ǰȷıעƷȻһЩصѹǲṫġ
лվйۿ
⹲гʮƷ㶼ǹԵͷԵصƷ֡
ǰ͸¶ƷķҲǺܶطĿЩƷĵȼʾصƷߣӶǰ
ʮƷսʼˣεᣬһҪμˡлЩĵ
ʮƷǸ߼սʼǺƷļǸߣսʼ߷ġҲЩȡ
սʼˣ
ȻܣΨһĽ;УȷսʼѾǳ֮ˣȻҲóġ
ο屾Ƶģ꣬ʵԵͻƣܹսʼҲûпܵġ
ҪģҪ㹻龧ʯģ֪ͨսʼҪʮϵ龧ʯôࣿԱһСӲ
лŤͷˣ֪û龧ʯģ
СӸЦ龧ʯҲ֮󣬲űңΪ֮ͨҵģҲһ࣬龧ʯſʼرעд龧ʯĴЩбˣܹ鿴ģûʲôݣȻû龧ʯˡ
㵹Ǿĺءл
¼ȻҪȻҪ龧ʯûȤȥħһˣ﷢һʯǰȥؿɵõ龧ʯ˵
лۿȥ˵ʵ
λ磡
˾絹ҲвԼġ
ţ鲻֪η䡣л
䣬龧ʯܴ󣬾ͿԵͣȡ٣Լġ˹ЦȤڽʱңǰưɣ̴¡
лã֪ˡ
뿪ˡ
ǰʾƷֹעһ뿪һҿջҪ˷䣬Уʩչ
龧ʯô¡л
̶ȡ˵ļ䣬ЩϣȻǶеģ͵Խ˼Ԫ֮ǿԵģǵħĵħǶ֮ŷǳĺǵģǹݵħ磬ȻҲҪ˵ģֲܽħ龧ʯȻӦ˶ˣ龧ʯħĹЧͨ龧ʯ֮˱赣ĵħʲôˣ龧ʯܹᴿħԵħ˵Ҳкôģ龧ʯͳ˵ħµͨûˣǰǻɱˣҲһЩ龧ʯġ
ͷɱ˵Ŀռָóʮ龧ʯ
龧ʯȥԲεģͨ͸峺
ֻҪսȻ龧ʯɵħˡ˵ţ߶Ѿ׵屶սС
ʱͿЩ龧ʯ·
ƯڿеĵħС
лҲʼ飬㷢ֽ龧ʯĵħȻ龧ʯᴿˣӵĴ⣬ҲǼġ
̵ǸӦһɱߡ


1832  Σͻ
ɱߣ˼ͽӶûʲô壬ûʲôҳϣǵĿֻһǾǮǽң龧ʯΪ龧ʯԸκ飬ֻҪ龧ʯҲΪɱˡ
Щɱߣûмκ͵ħĸ֣龧ʯܹɱԼһˣڵħԿʱ򣬸㹻龧ʯɱҲᷴɱ磬ħɱ߻ɱ¾ħĸ֡
ʶɱȻŵãȴܳ
Ǻ뻢ıƤ̵
뻢ıƤҲҪ˭ǻǱгֵıս龧ʯǱģȻħӵ龧ʯȻҪȥġл˵
̵ħȣȥļУǼǸһأǵħǰһͷħפأãڱħɽħͷǱħɽҲеģ˵ħͷ۰һʱ¸ƣǿһЩħ壬䣬֪Ǳħڵȷıʵġ
лһЦǾ͸Ҫǰȥˡ
ʲôֶ⡣
ˣһظУҲл
˾㰲ľޡ
ֱ磬ǽ״̬۷壬뿪ջǰưɡ
ưǼľư֮һҲɱϲĳɱ߽񣬳鱨
ͬģɱ߾ۼĵطһҵĵطУʱܱɱʲôݣҪñɱ׼
л˳էϣܶռһЩ鱨ưȻѵѡУ̽鱨ġ
ưڣҹΪʲôʱ򣬶ǾۼˣҺģ죬һ˻ܲˡ
Ž롣
ֵ㣬õʱ򣬾ưھԵЩ谵žΪ˴˼˵Цţ̱ǣлٴ̤Ѿ⵽ÿһÿһÿһˣǵκξٶӲлߡ
ŮҲһͨɫĴ磬ƽʵѾڽ䱸״̬
лĿһű¶Ǹص㲿λŮӣŤεĽһЩϣֿ͵٩ϣݡ
һɵл˵ΧţŻϢ档
ǱѰټ
Сӣưɣװģ
˸ϢʱһȵĴվ̧һƿӾͶݺݵлͷ
ֻһˬҪɱˡ
ɱߡ
Ǹûʲô͸ʲôҲںֻ֪ܽ죬죬ġ
أ
ҲлǴ󺺵ǰһ޴Ľӡͬʱ󺺲ҽһɳȥһһΧ£߸˵ľϣ
ưڵʱһ˷ܵغС
Ƿ·𿴵Ѫÿˡ
Ǳ˾˶ŭˣһŭűȥ
ء
ЩɱߣлһưɱѾжϳǵʵƽûʲôľɫһЩڣǿߡ
лһһһߵ˷ȥǽҳһεĿӣ棬ûϢ
˲Ϣɱˡ
Ͷɱǰ磬Щɱǡ
ߡлǺȥ
ưɷֳһڣǰ̨ĺһĹңлѾڵĵط
;̨ʱһһǷǵŮӵסȥ·
ŮһϮɫȹװԻ谵ĵط㣬Ƕ˵Ľ˵˿ţݣҲǸۡ
ħŮˣкϷඡ
Ů˿ϵˣҪ군ˡ
ܵٶȽ
ħŮħа֮һ˶Ůˣòһջ˵ľ֮֮ģҲͬаޱȵģͨźͣ˵ľԼʵ
ͲҪȥ·лҵڵķʱ򣬾ѾħŮУίУĿҪ̽Լʵǳġ
˰ؾǿˣȻЩʵͨ켶ϵĺأͨ켶µҪ뿴лʵҪлزеġ
ūҡħŮ龧ʯȻҪµġ
տڣ̱ˡ
ΪлƲ֪ʲôʱѾץסĲӣֻ΢Ϣˣοڡ
ҪٴҡлֽħŮ˳ȥ̤
ЩɱǽȻֹ
ͻȻն˺һֵĿлԶȥıӰħŮʮսʵǿߣȻûС
֪˶ôĿ¡
ܴתһ䣬лƿһҵķš
ˡ
վڴڣֺĴΧԲ֣ħĸ֡
ϵˣҾ֪һġЦ
лƲƲ죬Ҹϲ̽ǵһΣϣҲһΣȻ˵ġ
ֱ˵вɫ΢䣬漴ٶȱһĨЦݸǣϵܹȻ򵥣֪ˣѹֱܹҵϵܺܲ򵥰
лһƨԲǰߵ˵ɣʲôʱȥħȡ
һ˵λǴ˴ǰȥħȵɱߣҲǵͬ飬ǰǰȥӦܹͨǸȣҵ龧ʯġ
ֻ֪˵龧ʯǷĴڡл
Ҳ׷̧ͷ
һ˰̵ӵڿ˵龧ʯĵͼΪβó
ȫѾͼμˡָָԼԴڵͼѾٵˣϾ龧ʯǿһһӲԺȵıأҸҵжϣ龧ʯӦǱħͷΪԼͻƵ߲βȷħȵפصģһԵɺϵõŵͼ龧ʯڣԶûܹ֡
㲻ƭǵİɡ˰ĵϵ˰һ鶯âȥӵ׶̡
Цģ˵ľʵģ٣ѵȥħɣ˵µúħޣҪѰɱߺ͸ĸ־ܽɱ˭ûȥĪðա
˰кߵˣȻһͷ
лʼڳϡ
ǽ̸ĹУлûиоǵƺһжʵģһܹҵħ龧ʯĵͼǷٵɺ˵
ӼˣЦԼＯϣҪǵҲҪǷǰˣǾμӵģʽħȣһ£ҪλһЩ鱨ǻȤġ
鱨˰ЦûȤ
Ҳˡ
лĪӣȻǵı֡
ͼ⣬óһչԲϣǻһŮ
ǻлľȻˡ


1833  鱨һ
һŮǺᣬվڽɽۣ֮˫ֵһ񵶣ҷ裬£͸ɢǹǿƣ˲ұӣӷ·ʵ񵶣ѹһء
ӵԣվˡ
һð绨һϮѩ׵սͬһ񵶣˫ֱ磬Զƺʲô
һŮüļģͼƺžƣûƣǾȴеѷɫ١
˺Ȼл̡
лƽֹˮ¶ۼŮҲǺܿƽǱľѾ׿Լ
λ֪˭Цеĵ
δ˵һͷĵħ֣ĵ˭ʲôֵǹעȨ˭ûȤ֪ƾʲôҪ֪ʲôˡ
˼ˣصл
лһڣĺԵһ͡
Ȼ֮лҲоǵı仯˵ȷģ
ֻ֪ǣл鱨ǿֻ֪Ҫڱħڵõ龧ʯó֮һңɷ͡ٺЦ
֮һ龧ʯθ湻ġͷЦ
ɾӣˣпͨ켶񵶡
ͨ켶񵶣˵ĺһ󼱴١
ǿǹϵĵһ񵶣ҾľʮʷѾչֲֳ繫ϵĵһȻ񵶡
ʣ˭һû뷨ء
ãҴӦˣ֮һ龧ʯ㣡緽ĵȿͬļ۸
Цеĵһ˵ĻҲҪǶͬ⣬ÿó֮һ龧ʯŻ˵л鱨
ͷĵħߵ湻̰ġ
ٺ١һЦ
ͷħֵͬˡ
Ҳ׷ͬ⡣
лȻ֪֪Լʲô鱨Ҳʾͬ⣬˵Ͳڸ鱨ʱ򲻸龧ʯ𣿡
ҼȻôа취ǽ֮һ龧ʯҡŵĵһתл裬Ѿħ飬λ֪𣿡
лÿɷ
ҲһҡͷΨǵӵѾõϢ˵ڲǰŸոյĵħ磬ֻǲȷȻյϢλᱻ˴Իм١
Ϣ
ģɻ
ٺЦҴڲ̽Ϣ˵лħ磬Ѿ巽ĸ߲֪ˣѾ˱ɱʼѰлټؽնɱڵħ硣
лĺֱð
ħ磬ǰ󻹲һĹ򣬾ȻѾ巽֪ˣɳ˴ԱѲѰң´˱ɱ
֪ģ
˲ŵǣ緽治֪ǰ֪̣еŵġ
Ҫ֪ԴӾ̸ǰħ֮л̸Լͱһòı䣬Ǵħ櫵Ҳ֪Ůʱı֮òǱòȻ޷֪Ǳˡ
͸¶ϢľԲǴħˡ
˭¶ħϢ
ǵϢ˵ħɡӵ֮һ龧ʯߺߡ
һЦѾϲˣ巽еλĶ֪鱨
ӵ鱨ǣ
ȻлȥĿĵأ
ȥʲôȥ׷ʵ
Ҳ׷׼˾˶䣬лҲ⣬Ϣľ൱
ֱ˾۽ĸоóһƿƵھƱڣ̵Ʒһڣ죬þư˶֮ЦǺǵĵл˵Ŀĵħʹ
һľ̶̲ס㾪г
л֣ŮץһѣǲҪУñ¶ݣͬе˼顣
ĿĵħʹȻܵ鶼ܱ֪
Ҫ˵ħ飬ʥڵһЩĲ㣬ȷ֪ǻҪȥħʹǿ֪˷ǳ֮ٵġ
˵ûм
ôα¶ϢǴħ͸¶ģȻҲܣΪΨдħ֪Ȼܱ¶ġ
ΨһĽͣԼߵ͸¶ġ
˼巽Ѿ֪ǲ˵ͷĴ֮͸¶ȥģˣô֪ЩʥǼ˵УһͷĴ֮ˡ
˭أ
ħʹȥħʹʲô˵ǵħرۼأΣҲǷǳġ˰Ӻɵ
ͷӽӿڵħʹΪʵһǣǶӴ󽫽ʮΪħʳǲΪڲѾƳĲ࣬ͨ켶ֶĽ٣˵ͷɳ൱ͨ켶ֽУΪħղصرر˵лǳĸ֣һڲ㣬˼սನóֻҷġ
˻е˼Ծǻɡ
ǵĻȴлȻħʹڲȻûƵвͨ켶Ľ٣ҲûǰȥȻĻڵľ磬ȥҲǰװġ
лֹѹִħûҪʱ䣬ûҪԼǰȥħʹڲ㣬ݻ󷨰
ðǰȥȻԭģҵ鱨ʾл͵ħħǩԼҪħһ£ħġ˵
֪ˡ
лѾپ棬֪Լħһп¶Ѿ͸¶ȥˣûʲôġ
Ҳνӵ̵ٱԼϳܹ˻ᣬСͷĴ֮˵ķΧؼġ
㶼֪ҶЩˡЦ㲻˵ŷģ˵Ļ
û˵ŷɡͷ˵
ƺ֪ǻд˵شӿռָóһö£ǻһȶ˵Ů˵ɦŪ˵ӣһһЩӵͼһͼһѣθУŮͼ·𸴻һ㣬ջ㡣
£лʶ
ǹͷ򾪺ħȻ£ħŮħĳϣ
֪ݣλл𣿡Ц
ħóıռ鱨ǵ鱨Ȼġͷ˵ֻҲףȻħĳϣҵ龧ʯΪβǰȡҪǺ񲻺ϳɡ
ĵƺûбҪǽͰɣֻҪ֪ûƭǾˡĽǾ¾һҪ漸λҪ͸¶ҵݣ˭˵ȥݹҲݣȻҲԽһ鱨ǣΪл


1834  鱨
͸¶鱨ȻǹԼģûʲô֮ȴ鱨лԼһбй¶֮⣬ҲҪ˵ĵڶ鱨ŨȤ
ȻԼݣǳ⣬óĵڶ鱨ҲǷǳһġ
лҪͷ
ֻǴ˾ҪС£ļƻóʲô
ǿˣ֪Ҫһʲô鱨ءͷ˵ſʵһ㶼
һ˿ЦЩɱߡ
÷滹˵ùȥϾûã˭Ӷȥɱˣװ׸ѵ龧ʯǲǿġ
ǲöסǵ죬ҲһὫݸ˵ȥġ
ᣬλǶɡ
ȻΪҪμᾺû龧ʯıħȡл˵
鱨ǹƷġ
лЦЩֵѾǺĵˣƷ֪ʲôá
¶˵ıħ龧ʯûİðɣȷǣ龧ʯǵħͷΪԼĶӱаͷãǿܹͷͷ龧ʯж٣ٺ٣ȻĻһǣöپͶΪ֪Ǿһ궼ûھġ
л
˭Ҳû뵽ȻӴ龧ʯ
ˣǻһᾺƷˣҲýЩνļƻлЦƷʲô
ֻ˵ѹƷǡħʹԿף
лһ漴ʧЦûЦɣħʹԿףôܣǸΪʲôԼԿȥҪҿɲΪᵣ
ⲻ⣬Ҫ˵ѹƷħʹԿףҵ鱨˿ûн͵˼ţѸһ£ڳƺħʹǵ屶󣬶ڰǰνħʹֻһƽ׵ĹˣνԿףָҲǸС꣬һֱûб˿
ͷɫ΢䣬ѿڵ˵ħ˵
Цŵ˵ͷ
ħ˵ĸֳ֮лԸо˵ӿˣ֪Ļ֮ȻԶƵӿļȻħ˵ŷǱѰ塣
ֻлȴá
Ťͷ̡
Ҳҡҡͷʾ֪
ħ˵ʲôλɷ˵˵лʵ
ЦǸոմħɡ
лǣħ粻ʮʱ䣬ħ˵״š
˵㣬ˣ֪Ҳδض࣬ڵħˣҲ˭֪ģǱϾʱ䡣˵һƣ˵ħ˵ҵħһ棬һ񻰣ǽ
ڵħĸҲ¶֮ɫ
ҲȻǶħ˵Ҳǲ˽ģҲǵı飬лŸѯʣɵġ
˵ǰͷ棬ͷ˼ͷҵħȴֻͷʵȥ˼ԶʥʣųǿԶʥ䣬ȻԶͨͷ⣬ΪʲôδҵħأΪħħ˵
ħǰֻ˶̶ʮ꣬ʮ䣬ɾ;ͷ֮𣬴ʱɾ;ͷٶȣǺųϣͷԶʥҲ޷֮ʱڣݺħδ֣նɱħͷȻɱ˼磬Ҳǰܾ֣ԶͨҲܣΨԶʥʣǡأδ֮һսغԶʥʵ֪ħսԲħħΪһˡ
ֵħľͷ磬ͼͷ磬Ӷղ뵱ʱħڣʮʱ䣬δɹһΪʧ𾳽磬Ӷر˵ʧЩˣ˼ΣȻȥᣬͷˣҲδɱ𾳽ħʧʮ֮ٶ߹Ȼ»عͷ磬ѪϴΧǿʮƣҵܹٳɾͷİ취취ħڣħħһԴ˸ħʹħ֮ʧ٣˼ټҲµħΪġ
һζεĴ˵лҲ𺳲ѡ
ʮ꣬ɾ;ͷ֮
ʮ꣬ػؾͷ硣
Ϊ˵Ϊֱǿ
ʮ꣬ʮ꣡
л·𿴵һĿ꣬ʮ꣬𾳽磬ٵʮʱ䣬һнͳͳľأҲ˵ĿǶʮڳͷ֮Ҫħ˵
ħʹԿףħµħԿףѹ֣ѹ֣óٺ٣ħµĶȻǸǵħ֮˵ģ֮˵õ˵ܵޱߵ䡣ͷ˷ܵĵ
֮˵δ棬Ȼó϶ԭġ˵ܹõ龧ʯھܶ龧ʯϣ
ǣлЦˡ
û뵽Լһ仰Ȼлץס˹ؼ㣬˾лѣȻеİ׷׿
ĿлһۣȻлΣյıǩ
ðɣҪڳħڵ龧ʯħʹԿףһ˺ѵ֣ϣǴһ˵˶뿪˵Ȱֹ˵˵꣬ħʹԿף˭õӵ㹻龧ʯĵ֣ѵûɱ˶ᱦǺܶ˶ϲɵ飬Ψ֣ϣõħʹԿ׶ɱȻͬħʹıƽ֣
˶Ĭˡ
ħʹԿףϵħʹħµرħµٳɾͷ֮˭õЩȱչصľͷǣ¶ܵʱϧ۵ĳزֵġ
Ե֣ܣΨ֡
ȫļƻֻҪλͬ⣬֤ܹɹ˲֪ԿǵС
֣ħǿ߶Ķˡ
лɫƽ糣
¾ΣҲˣ˲鷳
лĵ˵ҺĶһǸ⣬ΪħˣħڱȻյΪλǡ
һѣҲȻһͬʱѹǰ龧ʯԲȡԿףѴ֮ħ֧֣һʧĿ֪ĴԿףΪλҪء
˵Ŀⶼ͡


1835  ʥ֮Դ仯һ
лͨĲͨӣһֲ£ǰͷȻĪĺڡ
ûкҩ
Ҳֻԣһ˵Եɡ
λ֪ħصɡĵ
֪Ȼ֪ͷǵħĸ֣ڵħص㶼֪ģħųȫŮûһˣʵǼٵģΪħ˶ʵȨĳϺ峤ֻЩһЩ˵ڿ£Щ˵ʵˡ
ߵ֪ҲǳޣҲգûʲôȻ֪ħÿһֻˣǾħ峤ΨԺѡˣ˭Ϊ峤˭ͽħΨһˣմȨ峤ħ峤ѡҪΪ峤ͱǰ峤ǰһ˭ɣ˭Ϊ峤峤ǿħʹڴ䣬ħħŮó
л°ͣ⵹ǸŹֵķӡ
ĴҲ׷׵ͷ
Улļ仰⣬ȻŴлʡ
һѹԽԽǿҵĻ⣬ߵħ峤ħŮžԵĿֿģΨгΪ峤žڴ֮ǰħŮᷴɣԲңǲߣýħŮ
еĲȻ峤֮λˡ
˵ƺħػͷɻĵ
ûħػħħڵ侳֮Ψһ壬ħһЩطħػһ
лɨĴһۣһȻӣԶ׼˵л÷˼飬Ӧġ
ħͷµħػֱһȫƿһ壬κͽķӣҳΪ峤İ취ܶĥ峤ǸνŵĹ˼
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Ȼļ䡣
ѵ峤ָϵ峤Ҫɵ񣬶ǿħʹҪҿƺЩˣҪħʧȥ峤𡣡л
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ҲǷˣǰԼκεҲ뿪ˣ˵ǣΪǵʵаԣʵǿģǵõıûҵķݣ˼ɱҶ練ƣ˵ͨ켶ִΣգ躦£ȻǵΨһõħͷʹ͵ˣȻ֪һ֪ͨоȡħʹڵı˵ִóö£λͬ⣬Ǳħ⼮ϣӵеħŮȨ
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漰ħʹʱͲȻ뵽ħҪݻħʹڵһ󷨡
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̰Ż£ܹʥ֮ԴΪλзӦˣֻϧĻܿܶǴв
Ǿұɣħ龧ʯǻŷǳġлЦǿ⵰ء
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Ҿãǰȥħ֮ǰǻȽħȵһЩ鱨ռһ°ɣҲǰ׼
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̳ǻԵʱ򣬶ȡǵļ䡣
лֽǸˣ̱㽫ȥıħȵϢ˵˳ǣħͷ


1836  ʥ֮Դ仯
ζȡļ䣬ڱħȵݾͺܶˣʾħȡħ֮һ
ħͷĸǿߣǱħͷɱ̵
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Σգ
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ħȲǽǰˣֱ֮ء
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лһ˿Ц⣬ħ֮У϶˼
Σղ£ҪΣĥԼὫԼء
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Ůסڼ䣬л䣬Ҳǰȫⷢʲô飬໥иӦ
ûдлĿռָ׼ҰıƷҲ׼һŮ淭ӵģҲ֪лʲô⡣
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ħ֮УΣأҪǰ׼״̬ѡ
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һԾһڼ䡣
Ϳ辪㵵Ŀẉ̂˿̺˯һ㣬ţ˫Ŀ΢գ̬꣬ͷֳʥ֮ԴͼǾʺƸһ·ţǴ洫ݳġ
ãǵܿҪˣʱȻ¶µȻ
Ҵȥ𴦡лһѱ̣ʩչֱûǧ׾롣
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ӲӵһɽڣӲٳһռ䣬̷ڵϣ
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лʳָָָڵָ֮⣬ĵ̵üʥ֮Դͼλá
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һüļʥ֮Դͼھ׷׵ĳֹƺڻӦ
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ͬӵʥ֮ԴˣҲɾ;ͷ֮𣬶Ψˣľͷܵĵһж̳ɾ;ͷ֮Ϊġ
ҲˣҪɾ;ͷҪŬҪͨ˼ѵĶ࣬ЩҪ̽ʥ֮Դп˷
ʱ˿̵ʥ֮Դ仯ἰ䡣
νʥ֮Դ˾ʣڷ涼ܹõҲܵķʥ֮Դԭͨ䶥ֻǽʥ֮Դ˵Ƹıʵʡ
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лܹ֮ǰоԵʣ䲻лаǰܹ֪ͨ˴һУȴҲһνϬӵܣܹӦ˴˵İΣ
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һ̽еͻǿܽл֮һļʾǰ̬ز
лѡ̸ǰҲԭģ֪һС
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һоҪԼˡ
ܳɹ̸õٶȺǱӲǹؼȻ츳ǱҪɾ;ͷ»Ტģ˷䣬ļʽֱġ
ʥ֮ԴȻΪʮء
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һ˿걾ԴǸ״̬Ǳ˵ֱˡ
лҲֻܷ
ʥ֮ԴͼʮӰϵطţ۳һĹ̽䣬ɱڡ
ǹȴʼղ
лһü


1837  ں֮ΨҶһ
˵ﵽһ̶֮ͼ汻ǣӦôɢȻɽʵĸı䣬Ӷ̷׵ɱ䣬Ĳͨͷĵ·
һɾʣô͵ʶԣѾлİеػʥ弶ˣл塣
лۿǹüļʥ֮Դͼﵽ˶ĿĹ⻪زȻʼûͷų
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Ѫ΢䱾ȴǳǿԵ
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ҪһѪǰ׵ģڵл껹ûкںϣԱȡһ֮ںϣܹлɵģϾлʿԶԶûزģֱӾѪѪˡ
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л񳹵׵ں϶ڣĸ֪ҲڼٵļС
ͬʱһħɽŲ׵ĵط߿հ裬ȶơ
ħħǿ֮һױȵսҲһ֣ʱħĵħһ嶼ǹ˼ͳ˧ģ޵еġ
ԴʱҲˡ
𡫡
ħһ˷ܵ˻һ˫۾⻪ֱ͸֮ң꣬ûжսƷ׼ߵ̫꣬ˣ̫ˣܹɣұȻܹͻңľ硣
ȻʵĶ塣
ʶ壬Ǿ൱λľ硣
ǰһɿ磬һﵽĶ壬൱ڰͷ֮ˡ
Բ֮עɾͰͷģֻǻѵʱ䳤̶ѡ
ħ˷ܵĻٵǴ겨ĵطȥУϵɨΧûʲôˣ˷ܼ·һ㡣


1838  ں֮ΨҶ𡾶
ɽϿգħܣκвԼĴڣ㽵һɽۣ֮Ȼʩչħеѻ
ѻأ޷ѻ
һεľһƵʵĲΣţԵħΪ˷ɢȥ
ǷԲʮķΧڡ
͸ɽԽӵײû
һо֮С
ˡ
ǲľȻֲɵĲǡǡԾħڵɽֻв׵һر۵ĸɽ֮ۡ
ħȻŤ˶ͷ­ɽ
ѻҲı䷽ͳͳǸɽ֮ڣɽۣ´½ǧ׵ĵطͳͳС
ˡ
һ֣ħ̸о˲һ
Ȼӿ죬·λѹĪĿ־壬еǿ߶žԵѹģûκεĵֿ
ǻǵħʵĿЦ
𡫡
Ϣ
ħˣֻҪϢͻңʽľˡ
ľ׷׵Ŀʼ
ܿлڵǸлٳʱɽͱˣħ˻һȻȥ
Ҫǿ׳壬ɽײ
λĵħ˿µͨĸɽûʸ񿹾ܵġ
ݣ
ħЯĦĺХݺݵĳײȥ
ıħе˷ܡ
ײȴδ
ħȥȻײ˿ǸɽȻŤˣ򵽹ؼʱ̵л۾ȫĵֶںϡ
ʮӰ۶ɵĻеڣ»ΪʮӰ
𣡡
Ϊ׵֮۵Ǳ̵üļͼһ˻𣬾Ϳ̴߶ʥ֮ԴͼȻ˸ĿĹʣһĨȻ
ʮӰ̷תֱֱûǹڡ
һӣһ޴ȻɽڵõĿ㣬谭ֱӴ͸ȥ
ħոеδͿǰһͨͻأĳ֣һײ
ʥ֮ԴħһĻԺȻһ仰δüӴܣѾײϡ
أ
ħȻһ
Ϳһħһӱǹڸ˳ȥʧȥĵħͬʬһ㣬ڵء
𣡡
ħ귢ֵļУתӡ
εǿᣬߣȻɢγһɫĹĻһӽС
𣡡
Ǳŭ
һӱħڣʹõħ̼䱩ǣֱӿľ磬֮꿪ʼʥ֮ԴĹѸٵıģ
ȫɣħЯԺԲƣͬǱһǴĵħ֮۶ɵһ㡣
Ӱ֮ٵķء
תлߡ
ڵϵ̣ɫȻޱģʱϸһĨֵЦ⡣
ԣɵġ
лõ֮˵Ļ߶Һ̬лҺ̬ʩչ籩Ļӿֲ
блں󶷼ɾȫµĶΨҶ
˵̵ͬʱõľȻ࣬ô
˲δ״̬лĶѾںϣо֮ĳ֣Ϊƿصһ̣Ҳ͸İϵһĸо
ƺ״̬
Լʮ֮ʥ֮Դڴ
ˢ
һâüļȥɢӣǷԲķΧڣȻʱ䣬Բڵһиֺħ޶ˡ
ΪԲڵһеħˡ
ЩħȻлڵɽڣһӻôĵħҲ˺ƷſңӶţڵڷĴٵʵﵽλлоԼʵͻͻš
̫ˣ쵽лҪЦˡ
Լ״̬ȫһУħлԣûʲôвսɷ֮Ž׵ģɷǵħһ֣лЧοǵħˣԿ޼ɵġ
ٶȻҲޱȵġ
һһ
л̶ʼȫļ
ΨһĲ̵ͬսֻǶ屶ҪǵϢɾ͵ġ
˶ĵħڣ͸ʥ֮ԴҲûʲôΣգ֮ˣҪᴿſԡ
̵սǳһ˿΢Ĳ
л̵ϵ̸ϷǳУɽһʱ򣬸Ӧȴޱģһʱоˡ
Ǿ̵սһʽס
˵лսѾﵽ˷ǳĸ߶ȣʮҪнףҪǴĵħ籾Դ֮ſ㣬ô̵ľûǰĿ̣Ͼ̵սǶ屶ˡ
лóһŵħ
ħ׵ʱ򣬴ħĵħŵħ籾Դ֮ǲ⡣
㲻⣬˵Ѿ㹻ˡ
лֽħ͸̣̾Ϳ̵սʼٵɱ䣬ܿһΣﵽӽ߱ĵز
Σлȥע

ԲڵĵħǷǳģǵħս˱ɱȻɢΪħŨȺܴǸûжȡľ޶ࡣ
˵ٶҲǰδеĿݡ
ħĸɾлͣЪ۾ӳ̵ԾŨĵħ֮ڡ
ϾħǱ̵ʥ֮ԴȡģȻõԶһЩֻƵĸ࣬ʵǺ
žžž
лվȫž
ӿƳӰļֻǲһҹʱ䣬лԼ˳Ľ˵λǰһ󲽡
һڳλľʡȴٷ֮ʮ
ȼΣֱӱɳλˡлԴҲΪڴֻϧлˡ
лۿĶͨſȻԼǧ׵ĵطѾۼĸֺħޡ
Ȼ˲ϢգĹע
ֻǵħɽڣҪѰңǻԵǡýɽ򿪣֮ǰּʼΪ㣬лҲı֣һ뿪ˡ
̵Ӱٶֳ
ʣĵħüļʥ֮Դڻ۹ȥ
ǵħȫУɽҲָƽ
ʥ֮ԴͼŵĹΣʲô̺һ㣬̵ֹͣڵѪҺԾڿٵתţҲ塣
𣡡
ʥ֮Դھͬʱ
һ貵Ĺ⻪üĴɢѸٵɢ̵ȫ
ǡ
ԭҲܵ˲Ȼеڣֳ塣


1839  ں֮ΨҶ
лû뵽鷢
ۿĴ̵֮ڣĺüѩ׵ɽ۵ĺҫ£ΡΡĴһĨĿӾѩױɽ嶥ˣǽΣ̺ƤƱѩкߴŵĻĺ챦ʯҡҷ񶯵Ϊ٣԰Ρ
ʿڸɬҺлҪϢˡ
̵Ľǰÿһ缡ӳڣǰѩˣһܹƷζһĨ˵ķҷлЩˡ
ư
Ȼ˫Ŀ΢գ̵ʶѾˡ
ȻĻлõ֮ҲܳˣǾ̰ģȻҲ֪ڵ״лصĺѩỬļ棬ȵĿһ˫ħ渧ȻǰӣȻš
â
ƽ̹Сޱȣûһ˿׸⣬⻬Բĺܣκ˶Ҫ԰εʥء
лĺˡ
Ҳ·زһ£ǳĽëһĨΣǽõɫٱʱ˿޶ȵչֳ
лľʱҲˡ
̾һܹκеƣ𣬴ȴֻζл壬ƣط̵ظϣǹ⻬ļϣǸ߷塣
֣лˡ
š
һ˵
ʼձĿӡ
Ҳְסлƣ
ꡭ
лŴصıϢĶǶǵĽһǿҵƵ̵ĳ嶯ͷƣҲȥơ
ǰץţţһ˿˿ָдȫ̲ݣƾлԼѰ̽ʤתŵ˿˿ĹΣڲϵѪںţһȥƱػᱻϵġ
Ҫ̽ץסлƣ˵ģǴ鵴⣬Ҳ鶯ˣȴҪֿơ
̡лŴ
ʿҺԼŬƽһδȫɱ䣬ƻ
ԣл˲٣ҲѹϾ̵ؼֻӲĸоʵܵĺܡ
ô졣лץס̵Ʒȥ
Ӳȣ̵ĺҲٶȴʮ㣬޵İһۣѩ׵ıҧ촽ƺʲô
һлĿӱ㱻뿪ָţȻһƣлƵڵϣſ޵촽
Ŷ
лʱеԵĿͷſڷһ
ٱŮӣڴϹǶʦͨģЩտ˶޷ġ
лҪгˣҲָǽ۵壬ɾʱ۽Ƴ֪ʱ̵ݷ˱仯Ȼڴ߶ٱתһŮݡ
ǱģлĺҪϢˣɽűݱһ׵ȡȻǵģ֪Ǽٵģ̵ٱ̫ģûһ˿Ĳ𣬿л㱬
ǳѩѦһɾŮǡ
һзζļɽš
һƬĻҡ
ͻأĳյħΪ̫˺ħ޹עв˽ģûһ޷ơ
ɽڵĴɫֱնŽˡ
˱˴š
лӵ̣ǻȵ壬ζŷŵֱðݣˬ
˵ǲǶʲô뷨лһѡ
ûУôܶǸŮ뷨лϡ
ƲװɣգԸоı仯˷ˣߣ˵ûУҿ϶ҪƵģ˵ŽͱһƵʦͽ˫ɵĴء
һᣬлԺи龰һаӸȼȻٶҪ͵ļ
˵ûУֻ˵˵㶼зӦˡ̽е
Ǹ϶żˣǿϻȥɡлӵ̣һû¡
ɽ̵Ľ׼
عջ䡣
ڽĵȴš
˴ӵðųһűǵĵģлһΣԼȴñﵣġ
İɣû¡лӵ뻳Уοȴÿ˵ʦͽ˫ɵӡ
û¾ͺá
ԴĻý֮ľûмۣȴҲſ࣬ǰлˣһӣҲܲ³˿϶ʲôܵľٶȴûзԵ˼
Ϣһ£Ե㶫ȥưɻϰɡл˵
ڷڴһҪһЩԡ
һСʱ֮ǲ߳ջǰưɡ
תһ䣬ǰ˵סл˵ȥ·˫̥֣ʵҲ൱ĲѾﵽλĸ߶ȡ
ǰȥħȵ˰ɡ˫̥֮˿ڵ
лʾŮҪţۿо˫̥¶ɱ⣬Ȼֵġ
лûзϡ
ҪòҪȥħȣȥ˵
лǲɱߣ
һġ
Ա˺ĻҲڳȫǡ
˵Ż˫̥ϱͷųһɭɱ⣬׺ݵĿ·а㣬ܹ˵壬Ũҵɷơ
лȻһЦǰһ
˫ֵתں߱ųնȫ¶ΨҶ˶֣Ȼͻǹ֮䣬ΨҶ޵еİֱ֮ѹ˫̥
µƣѹȵ͸
˵λ֣λǿߣлűʤİգλǰһ󲽣ǳλĵز
񱩵ѹȵֵ˫̥һϢɫòҰףʮಽ
ߣߡ
˫̥ﻹҶ֣תɿˡ
ĿȥıӰǲߵˣ
˭֪أΣ龧ʯɲôɵģֻӦ䣬ԼİȫɡлЦ
˼ӿ첽ܿư⡣
ͬеλѾڵȴǡ
Ȼټ
лǾۼĹڣǿյģһˣûãһǹڴлҲһƬããģˣٶȿȥʱ򣬺Ȼ֣Ѿվǹˣһӹ˳ư⣬˻ϡ
ˣЦλɣ


1840  ӿһ
һа뿪ǣֱȥħȱڼԼһǧĵطǵľеĻҲҪʱ䡣
;Ƕ˻ϻӡ
һǱ˴˼Ϥһ£о˰Ǹͣƺϲ԰ԼĲŶʶһҲż弸䣬ڲɱǰģʱ̽䱸ˡ
˵˵ţᵽ˽񳿵顣
лһ˵һ˫̥вҲ׷˵Ҳ⵽в治׼ͬǰȥħȡ
ԴˣҲȷĴ𰸣ͷߵˡ
л۹ۿţǲÿɷ
֮ǰ˵ЩǱʾǿһɵģǷģ˭Ҳ֪ھͷȥŪ䣬Ӧ䡣
ʱǵ˱ħ⡣
ħȣΪɽȣʵӴȼǻҪһ࣬ܵħɽһʮ֮ߣһЩ壬Ҳ֪жߣŵСɽ಻һСɽƶɵľ޴ɽȡ
ɽ⣬¶ˣݷܣƮŷҷľдУħڼˣҲˣһ͵ľħڴ˵ܹսʼָľżز
ħ⣬Լħȶʮĵطһ𽥳͵СӣתΪħ̽׼סʳȶĵطıɳۣΪħͷҪѵĵط浽жٵı˭Ҳ֪ȴﲻδϹÿ춼ά֮ڣϽħȺڱħȸˣʮˡ
˵ħСҲ֡
л絽ġ
һҾ¥ϵ˾Ʋ˳Ժȣ׼㷹֮󣬱һħȣѰ龧ʯ
ֵ㣬¥ϵԽԽ࣬ܿҺģɱ߶̸лɫȻƺȫ⣬ֻʱʱĶȻһЩõ鱨
ѵǼʱģȡһЩϢֻЩ·ߵϢʲôɿлֹ
ҲĶͨϸ
ûã޷ģһЩµķء
˵ûУħٴγˡ
ģʲô
ħնɱħһĻһĻ֣˶򰡣Щ˲ΪûͻĶء
ЩҲ湻˵ģΪ˶ɥˡ
˵˹ˣôħһ󣬱ضȡЩʵøֵѪڲȥ
˭֪أһֺʮ֮ڣħڵ齩ʬħ޶ˣģǵǳûħڲ㣬ûõһء
ۣ嶼ݡ
лйؼǱħ
һ֣ȡѪ⣬ʮڣ齩ʬħ޳֣ġ
ɺϣ
лɨһֹѡʱ㣬ǡֵĵڶգ˵֮ǰ֪лţһ֮ˣôܲǰ׼˵׼Ļѵ֪֡
ԽԽ˿͸ˡ
ħ֮У벻鷢ɡ
лֻǿĶ̵ͨĳŶʱ̵ľԡ
۵ûпԭгĸ֣Ȼ٣һʵԶлģǻᱻֵģлɲ뱻֪ۣħϢѾǱ˴ۻɵʵݣǾˡ
׷Сˣ
ǰסҵ۱ضл
Ȼ䣬쳹Ľ
žһȻ˽˺
ɱ߾ͺս
ԭ¥ڵһ׷׵ĶһЩ龧ʯ˳ȥлҲ⣬һ˾¥
ԶԶľͿħڵķһȺٵš
ǰһɫͷɫ˵ӣƴǰţѾˣҡҡλεģȻץһ˸λκâħǺȻһնƵħ
ŴԼһ׶ĵĻƣܱ˸ź⣬ʾޱȡ
ħ
˴ӱħڵõħˣֻϧײħѱ
ϧһħ
˶ֹȴû˸ǰ֡
Ȼǵ۲Ǽ򵥽ɫлĿƣⵥʵȻλʵʱܿλľ磬һ֣һĵͬƥ㣬ֶǰ񱼵ϡ
ۣ𣿡лʵ
ħĹͷӿлһۣŴħ磬Ž͵۱սˣ˵õһͷָ㣬Ѿʱλľ磬ɱϲľǺڳԺڣɱɱߣȡɱߵıһ˹ߣʮɱΧп۷ĸ֣Σʱ̣һǿ߽٣Щͳͳնɱ˲֪۵澹Ȼǳĸ֣ƺźıһǿӥˣû鷳ļɵ
лԣüëһӥǽͷƿصĶĴ塣
һֲĴ˱ɱȻұ
ɴ˿ɼıǳһ㣬ǺͷڵܹϹϵġ
ħлеħЩȤˡ
ϲõҲߣ
޷ʹãȻһսʼãħȻսʼģͨսʼģӦǸ߼ģǳǿ
ҪͷЦûˣۿеĶû˸Ҵء
ҿδءл̧ͷǰ
Ļ˵ע⣬׷׵˳Ŀ⿴ȥͷֲ֪ʱһ˫ֱƯڰУ˷·һ㣬վȴӦһϢʵﵽ൱磬ľΪﵽ˾˵ĵزܹ˺һĵز
ƺӦߵĹעŤͷɨһۣ¿ӡ
лһЦ˿ҲôȻûвൽԼĲͬҲ˵ʵλˣû磬Ҫ͸ȻǺѵġ
λѾǷǳǿˡ
ʵԣлʣλĺλĸֽģǶþ籩ȻлɱĿܣֻ͵¶ˣԲ򲻵ѣǲҪʹþ籩ĺá

׷ĵۿһһ
ǵգһ±㽫Ӹֶˣ˵Ѷεĳֵֵ

ֲĵ֮£նƵħַɳɳȥٶףһȺм䡣
Ⱥ˸Ҫȡħûһе֣׷׵ɢóһռ䣬ħڵϡ
ǵ۵ǿᡣ
ҲΪɻҡ
˵Ŀ⣬лڸ߿յλ֣ۣأԲħ


1841  ӿ
ħ˭Ҫ⻹һѸ߼սʼħ
ǿ磬ˣսʼҲռģΨΪﵽ൱磬糤ſܾеģȻֻܿԼȥᣬ壬壬Ǿ͸Զˣǵ棬ͷ꣬ƿҲ̫սʼġ
ȻĻλĸҲܶһսʼħȤ
˿Ƿˣ
лһ۱㿴˵ݣͷƵ巽֮һķҵĸ֣ҿܹ˺һ˹زֻܱڷҵĵλ൱ߣδɾҲԲ֮ˣûбħֻһͣûȼı
ɼսʼҲʲô˶ӵеġ
ģ
ȻҲע⵽ǷҸ֣ɫ쳣ѿӥǵȴ壬Ƿˣɲ׵ħȷֵģǰװͳȥͬǲܵġ
һʱ䣬˶ͣڷҸֺ͵۵ɨɨȥ
Ҫ˭ܵõǰħ
ƷҸʵǿǵ߻֣ʵλ壬һλǿߡ
һ̤ħȥ
ôľԲܽħƽˣǸ߼սʼħǿսŷǳİ
ણણણ
һȥΧ˶ס˺
һӱý
лǷһ˿Ц⣬ħҲҪһ֣ţֻסƣȻǱ̣ŮҪС¡
ܿ죬۱㵽ħǰ
ˢ
ҸһΣȰ㵽˵۵Ķ棬ħľͬҡ
ħңһ龧ʯҸֿˣкư׿ˮƽһ˿
ۿҸڻҪȡˣһվֱͬվ˳֮ơ
аȺħȷֵģӦùҡ۳
һƷҸֵ֣һƬС
·һôµ
ĵӸѿڵаȺǷҵķаȺ˵һһ֣˼лһεĳһĸ֡
лһЦƺԼ綼
λĸ־ȻԼǵҲλľˣ˵ܴģһҪǾлĨɱߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ȻԳԴˡ
ʶ֮γһ˵
Ǿһûʸɾδͷ֮ǾͿʱڣûдﵽлǸΡ
ҿˣ˵ۡаȺ䵭ĵ۵Ļϡ
ħһҲǺаԵΪ̣¹ʲôˣֻǷаȺͬǷˣǷһٮٮߣһиˣᱻرӵġ
汳ĹϵͷаȺȣǾͲԶˡ
Ҳءߵô˶ţƽ׽ȥڣԺô졣
аȺ˵ܸɴ࣬ˮʤңһ龧ʯ㡣
Цãһ㲻ɣ
Χ˼״׷׵ĵˡ
һ޴Ŀյسֳǽһ
Ѹٺˣվλãóһħֻδﵽսʼǿȡ
ҷаȺߣƯڿУڵǰʮ״վûжκεı˫ֶԵС
λһ壬ɱ
֪аȺߣʵǿĵһֱǿֶΣѸٵΣӵҳ˴˽ǵʧһ㣬ȻĨ⡣
ʧֻʣµһ˲ϢҲȻǰ壬ӵն
ǣǣ
Ϳ⾹ȻѸٵ뵥۵ħڡ
۵۵ͬ飬Ȼʵʧˣûټħһһ˵ĸ߶ȣλ
ã
аȺֱŹ⣬һΣһ΢棬ƮȻȭֱӶǵ˹ȥ
ķаȺһ֣Ȼ˵ı
ȻӲӲĹ
䣡
ȭͷħһɰɢȥҲһ˲䣬׼лҪ
ѾȻ˺󷽡
ֻҪڵ±ɶǰħΪõġ
ɾҪֵʱĶͨȴһɷȻ˳ˣĿŵĳᡣ
֣
ٶޱȣɲǼ㵽˽ǰ̽ץħ
߸񣡡
һȭħķаȺʱ򣬾Ȼܻ鿴ԭƽ¶һĨŭɫɱ͸ıǶ߸һץ


һ֮ͣƵģһӱ㽫߸ֶҪ䳶顣
֮磬ף߷֮һɺɨ𼶵ǿߡ
⶷߸һֻʱȡħȭ˳ȥ
䣡
֮类Ӳı飬С磬˺һУϯķɳʯ˿
лۼˣһš

һӱû£ħλãȴħȻѾǼ֮棬
лһץȥҪħ
ʲôˣ߸ŭ̧źݺݵ̤ȥ
ҲǾ˵Ŀֲ
лһȭ
أ
л½Ƕ߸߿ճȥ˵ԿлԾ̾ѣλ߸ͷаȺ棬޷öһˡ
лûһץסħ

ǻĽħ£ѸٵĽռָ»عԭվλá
·һж޹أһѪӿҲѾƽϢ
лȻĿţǷһ˿Ц⣬ֹҪıһħӣܹʹãȻ϶⵽һ׷ɱġ
ҪıħɲǼ׵飬Ҫϸһ¡
ҵħаȺĿϬɭɭĶŶ߸񣬷ֻһõ۰ˣ޶߸֣ħġ
߸εһ̯֣ˡ
㣬ˣаȺɱ֣Ȼȥ
ԱŭķаȺ߸Ҳ£վֻþķ˴ȥûӰ
ɫޱȣݺݵɨһʧˣսеħΧãͬ뿪ˡ
ԭֳֵ»عƽǵȴˡ
˶۷ŵħ˭ȥۣһлİֱ㴫˳ȥ
лһЦǲ
δ극»ع¥òͣлע⵽ɫЩأƺаȺ߸ĵʶʲô
ŷһǰ
£ǿ̸̸𣿡ˣл˵
лλƺʶɡ
΢΢һЦȻʶ»ԸҺͽ̸ġ˵쿪Ķлǿģл򿴵д֡ħ


1842  ɱһ
ԭͻأֵӣлģǿ˵дŵ֣ȴͷȻ
ħ
ȻħлȻӿ죬漴Ѹٵƽ֪ԽΣյʱԽҪ侲ſԣȻĻһͻȷѡ񣬷ԼΣġ
Ҳлŵ㡣
ǽţ˲Ϣȥ»ָǵȻƽ״̬ˣԺзɿתͷħȻˣͱȥôаȺ߸͵۱Ȼǰɱᵶģ˵ʵлҲͷ۲ѣ˲ûͱһ㣬֪ȵĻᡣ
Ӧ󣬻Ҫħ
һ˲Ϣл뵽ܣƣּҲ֮ʧлôһ˲Ľţ֮ɢҲǰԵͷ
֪ǷԸ̸̸˵
롣лŮʾû£뿪
˷ٶ˵Ĺע
ֻȻǺȡ龧ʯȴԼԷɱ֮䣬ǲͨԼȥѯʵģ˻ɡ
ʶƺǣʵ衣
ɱ֮Ҫ䱸ű˴˵ģ֮ǰ˵˵ЦЦģһ̣ɱˡ
л˱뿪¥ǽһ˵
ܹԼħǳĶлжϣ˵ʵǳ֮ǿ۷ʵ
˵Ⱦ磬һǳľ硣
ֻҪ룬ǾǾԵǿߣˣлҲǱѹΪȫлҲ˫̤أ˴Լ׵ľ룬Լһʱ䣬һͻɵһʱͨȥ
ͬʱлҲԵ˫֮ӿʶС
˵Һ̬ʩչľ籩ǶʵǿҲһвġ
Ҳǰȫˡ
лվΣҪ̸ʲô
ܲӿл𷴶ޣеʶǻۣħɴһƬء
ʲô˼лߵ
ӵȻһЦаȺʵƽƽ߸Ҳһ㣬ǽսλ˶ԵֿӲܿ淢ʲôȴܹвӰ죬ʷǳǿܹ׼ʱħǲһ㡣
лµֳϣ³˶ܿħģȴֳܷ֮ˣȷңӦĪͫɡ
ˣܹĿɹħӳˡ
ǸңҪõǰħл
Ȥؿлӵ˵ҪõħĻأ
ӵʵлҪɱڣԼΪ㡣
ǲôȫԽõħϢͱȥаȺ߸͵鷳Ҳлͷ۵ģǶǰȥѰ龧ʯźܴ谭
Ż˫ַͰɡлĵ
һ˿Ц⣬ţܲðҲѹ֣ϾһѸ߼սʼħ
лµ˼ħƺûȤǸȤĻͻҪħˡ
ҵȻûȤǼƷսʼħȤӰȻ
һҪûȡħĻҪˣô˷ѿࡣ
лȻˣΪ¡
ӵҪɱһˡ
ɱˣлһ£µʵǸߴ۷壬Ѿӽ磬ҪɱˣҪҶ𣿡
Ҳ㶯֡ӵ
лüëһ۶ӡ
Ҫ˵ʵȻǿĺܣǺܶʱ򣬶ЩƵģԳֵĻܻʲôر֮˻֮ġ
лɱ˭
аȺ߸ҪһͿԣǱһڱħڡ˵
ûЦɣ˿ɶλĸ֡лü
ӵȻ֪
лһֱϷˣĸо
ֵ֪ǿȴҪԼλĸȥ֣ǲ𣬾͵Ϯʤ㶼Ǻܴ󣬳λǵʤģҲһܹնɱֵġ
ڵľǣлڱС
ɲǽħͳȥôˡ
ΪҪҡлЩ䡣
΢΢һЦΪҾ
лƲ̫߿ˣֻλѣаȺ߸λʵ
Ĳ࣬ʵཫʮֲսǳ֮ߣҲʮѡ
Ȼ޷Աȵġ
ҪԷƱң۷ľ磬Ҷоҵһ˿вҶܹ˸оĵƣűȻԽǻɱġӶлʮ㣬һһöƣɹˣұһöɱ
˼Ҷ˵ˣлҲֻܴӦ
ߵãҴӦˣ
˵꣬רȥɱ֪ʲôã˵Ҳ˹ľܸо˿ƽͣȴԼѹлǲˬ
лûɱ뿪ˣҲȻʧЦҵˣСӸոմ˼ħ磬Եħ綼һĨڣ֪ɱʲôء
Ӱһһݲϵ߳ӵԱߡ
үūߵ
ŴԼʮ꿪ʼһֱԼϹܼңҲĸˣӵȥɱаȺ߸̫ˣ
ѣǳѣ¾үλʱ򣬶˵
ǿܣһ޷ӵĻشܿ϶ཫʮҿ޷ĥƽ࣬һ޷ҲһҪȥΪ˼ʹһ£˵ٶȣܳͷ磿
߳յƶϣ𾳽缸һͻһ磬ͻһΰɣͨ켶Ҫͻһ硣
ӵʮ꣬ǻʱҲħ֮ĵڶ¼ˣǴʱ˿̣ʥ֮ĳҲʮҵʱ䣬ʮųɾ;ͷ̫ˣ̫ˣǵȲ
һү˼ǰ
˲κϣֻԷǱͬ壬ӦÿɳܡңԶ𾳽һͻһ磬ҼȻˣһ֮ڳ볤磡
ԣҲɵõһ
һڣλ볤λҲ̫˼˰ɡ
үл츳ǱĿԣڴὫһԽħ˵ˣ˽ԼעѸٵĳɳ
˵꣬һΣƾʧ
лȻԾǾ𾳽ĸܴﵽĳ̶ȡ
ع¥Ѿòͽ
Ȼ׼·ȡ֮ǰħԼһĵطлع֮󣬱ˡ
УлͻȻֵӰ˼⣬ɱˣǸеƣ˵лûл֣ϾҺ̬ͷųһʤ㣬ֻͬĻΣġ
нУлģ˵λɱɸȤ


1843  ɱ
ģȻҪһЩ֪ǣȻ֪ɱʲôǿܹóɱջȻͨĶɴһ˵Ŀջ˵ɱ
Ȼлһڣʱ˵ľ
ǽǻһȻתлɱ
Ҳ䣬۾Ķ
㷴ӦлȷɱԲͨƷ
ĻУǷ֮˾ȻɱջҰһ£ǿЦҺܻǼٵġлЦ˵
ͣ
Ʋ϶Ǽٵģ
ĴҲ׷ͬ۵㣬˰ӵ£С㣬Ǿ࣬ʵǿҲǿȥȥɵ飬Ȼʲô̫Ѱ飬οܻɱŶǿɱͷ֮һ׼Ҿͷɱ
ͻͻл˼£ɱȻͷ֮һ׼ҾͷģǱȻˣҲ
ɱ˵׼ܹҲʮöˣÿһöش壬׼˵Уô׼峤ľѡ֮һܲɱİ壬ܵõ֮ףеɱһױȵĶУִɱ׼Ϊɱһͷ֮κˣǰͷ׼ҶΪɵģǾ˵Ϊֹ׼յɱҲֻйΣһҪ׼˻ɱʹһͷ׼ҾͷԳ֣һɱһҪ׼һ֮ףҲõ㡣˰ڴĵܵõһöɱǸöð
ǵ˵л֪ɱķͬһ㡣
Ȼ˿µá
ӵɱ͵ӵһŻˡ
ֻлһָоɱԲǼٵģΪʲôҲ˵ֻһָо
ģôӾ׼ˣ
лҡҡͷԴħ磬һʣԴˣҲͷ
˼ڤ룬ͷ˳Ȼ
һСʱ֮ǽħȡ
ħȿڣļ紺ﻨ㡣
ԽħȿڴԼһǧ׵·ʱ޴ķؼޱȣȥ
ӳľ㶼ǿ֦Ҷɫĵ棬ɽڣżмѻħ޵˻Եú·һأһ˿޵ţ˸е
һЩӺˮݲϵس֣мİ׹ǣеѾУеı¶ڵرʪӵð·𷢳ĳ궼ҪİëȻܲ
Щǣħ޵ĹǼܣСʮףʮײȣ˳ԾǣĹ࣬ɫ󿴣Щꡣ
СЩǺǧҪڣǶǴڰ겻ĹǺѳΪ綾ǳĸһҲѪڵġڶ
лһզࡣ
Ϊ꣬û뵽Ȼǰꡣ
Ǿпֲ綾һǾЩǰʵԲСӣȻĻͻΪҷˡ
Щ֮лСβָҲӦʾȷзǳ˵ľ綾Ͼҩָɣͨľ綾Ӧġ
ע⣬вҪһǧףǧ񱩵һͻ籩ѵ
һ·Уһ·㲦
ֹ̽ħȵˣҲ֪飬ôһ·Ҳȷûʲô鷳ʾԱħȵȷźо
ԼĪǰнʮңλȻڽħȵĹȿͨڣȿͨܳȽһٶʮӣħȵжôӴ󣬵ʱһЦ
Ӱնסǵȥ·
Ϊ֮һݣ۵ӣһ㣬˻лǶ˫̥֡
л˫̥֪Ӧþνͷˡ
ߣȥ·ʲôˣͷųһŨصɱ⣬ɭɭĶŲߣ·ǳһ㡣
㡣ߺٺЦҲнˣдܹң
ЦУδβУ
ЦðɣȻҪȥҳȫ㣬һΣҪ˾û˿峤֮λˡ
ƾҲɱҡŭߵ
ܲɱ㣬ܿͻ֪ģߴЦţ˫̥Զȥ
ԶȥıӰɫĿ¡
˰ӵΪʲô֣һ֣ؿɽնɱڴ˵ġ
ߴսթ֣Ȼ׼һ֣ȦסСЩǰܻΣˡ
˵֮ͷһ·ǰС
󷽵лһЦʩչǵ
Ǳ˴˼ϣʲôСٶҲ⣬Ҳˣʲôء
ʲôл
ü𣬵ͲƺǵˣΪ峤ҪѰ龧ʯ
Ҳǵͷ
˷ŵĶţежģľҲȷʵǷԸ
ҵĿǡǡ෴лһ˿ЦɷأɱҲСҵ۸֪£ǾȻûɱ⣬ЩɷɱֻǱѡ
Ůԣͬʱһ
̽ԷǷеԲˣûɱ⣬ֻӣǾǼٵˣ֮ǰģôôΪƭ𣿿ΪҪɻĵ
лɨһǰЦ֪ܿˣս׼мǣǧ򲻿뿪ʮ׵λá
Ůͷͬ⡣
ǻֻʮսʵľ磬嶼δﵽЩλһǳ֣ڿɲǶ֣ǸԶж屶սҲУǱ¶֮ʥ֮Դ
;ţл۲ٹرգȻ֣⸽ûʲôˣȻҲõг̶ֳ֣ۣĶͨҲȫ濪̽Բǧ׷ΧڵһС
СģǰǹħǻˣζһṥһǵĵߣȻǵı
Լһ֮ٶȿѡ
ʱһĨʧˣؼû谵Ϊ̫ڱħˣƬط̶ҲȻӴ󣬴˿̲ǽħȵ㷶Χ洦ɼҲӵɭһģðĲ·һĹС
޵ӵ͸Ưš
Ҫκιʹ÷ЩмЩ˯йħǵһ˿һħ̾ͻѵġ
ԭʩչɢΧ˷׷ͣЩˬǰʩչ
лԣҲ׼ͷųػ⣬ȴȻоڵսȻݳһ˿˷֮⣬Ես˱ֻһ˼
Щսף


1844  һ
ǺأЩҲܵĳֿư㣬ڵϵĵطƣһֱ»ƯţϵظȻһЩ³£µƯ
лӦһܲӣ⣬ȻܹսӦ͸¶ɽ׵ļһЩᴿǿֱսɽס
Խսս
ս˼ҶʮȻԿԽʮ֮⣬ɱеģֲЧ취
Խɱȴǰ򵥡
ٸӣλλоűĲ࣬λλ壬ӽλĲ࣬Ǿǽ˱ľ룬Ҳ˵λлܹԽնɱλҲǽλõĸ֣λǿߣʤҲ̫󣬱ս飬ǿĶֲܻҪһЩۣʹþ籩
ħ磬籩Ȼǲ򲻵Ѳܶõģ⶷Ҳˣǿı־񵶺ͼȭ޷á
£ֻսˡ
ϾҲЩ˶׵ģеħӴһЩ׵ҲΪġ
лܵ޴֮£ҪλԱһλ֣ǲܵģﵽλоԵİա
ɽΪνλ˳ĽǾλȻŷǳӴĲࡣ
ͺʮսһҪͻƣѶȷǳ֮ġ
սܽףɲϵֲˡ
ףлЩ˾
ս׿Ƿǳ⣬ǵħҪᴿΪħ籾Դ֮ſȻֽ׿ǴȵģʮʮʮıɱϾѰң󣬿Ҳȴǳġ
ЩƯֻ׸߶ȣǲ֮ȴǳľˣһ˸оУĸоȻǸоǵĺ⣬ȴлǿ⣬˶ҪұΪԵڲͬҲӡ
л㻺½塣
ҪԿܷٷְٴٽս
½֮ٵ˵֮ǰ޸оĻڶоˣЩλλãµʱͱ˵ġ
лȴоս쳣ķˡ
ʾ㹻׵ġ
ǰ֮ˣлҪȷûע⵽ԼľٶͬʱҲ鿴νĹħ
ħܴռһٶ
лû̶ֲȡϾĻһ⣬ǿɾڹħڣĻɾΣˣ˭Ҳѱ֤ħûгĹħ
ַʮ
лƶϣٶҪ뿪ħٻҪСʱԶˡ
һץ
һץԼһ׵࣬ŵҲǳϡУл֪Ӧǳ˯Ĺħ꣬Ͻ֮ȥýħѹ
õЩлѸٵĽ
õħĵħδᴿԴ֮ĵزȴл̵ֽʱѧ֮
Ҳ򵥣սӿУȥǣֻǷǺġ
֮Щֻ߱ʣһСţлսĻԾ㰵ٶȳȡ

˷ǰǰܹʮΣѾﵽ൱ĵزлҲоˡ
Ϊһл
Ů΢һͷƯǰ棬ʩչлǰУ˿лԼһ㡣
лʼڡ
壬սϣȻͨѸٵĽγȫµһޱȵϢٶս֮ڣɴʹսһνˡ
˵򵥣ҪһЩʱġ
ʱһš
νģл֮ٶսں֮ǰѾﵽһĴȣͷųĺҲﵽ˾˵ĵزʹлϷ·ޱϢɢŮЩ޷ֿ׷ֿһ˿ϢЩðײһ
һûϵԭƽֻ׷Χڻ·˴󲹵һȻ
䣡
غ𶯲ֹ
ԭȥȻҵķǵðҲգۼԭһɵʮɵһ׷ΧڵޱȵʵγһŻɫڷٵļأȥŨһ㡣
죬ħѣߣΣɫʱ䣬һȻٶԶ쭳ȥ
Ļδ£ͿЩڴﵽһ̶֮󣬷·ͻ׵ư㣬Ȼ̼ǧ֮ߣǧ׸߿յĿǢ˾ͽһпռ䶼ӿˡ
ŨϢҲ֮
Ϣ֮ﵽĵزĻµʮȵĵزɽκһսʶģǱ趼оԶƵ䣬·Ǿд͸ƤѪ͸ڣ˵Ĺ趼һ㡣
ǿлҲо˺⡣
ֻǾȺϣ棬׵ĺģʹܳܣл˵ӰȫԺԲƵġ
Ǵ˷лսȻȡһӾʹʹõ˴ȵȻսڡ
лս̷˽ס
ٶȻģӣлս㷢˱仯䣬Ȼı䡣
ƾսԶϤл飬ֻ΢һ£ɶ϶ڵսȻǶʮһǿȣֻǿһЩˣɲҪǣ䵽л嶼оĵزս֮ڣʹɱ䣬ȻҲʹս͸һɺ⣬й˵ЧսҪνҪĶࡣ
սɽףл̲סһͳХ
˷ܵġ
ħ֮УĶܹսɽ׵ģڳɾǻ룬Ŀɡ
˵˼ƱħͷڣҲֻ࣬Ҫô޷ҵҪôܵӡѰҵģڵħ粻ͬȫлҪսĽҲǿʼ
ǲҪֿսסл
սɴʹףô̵Ȼǿˡ
һ屶һİܴϾл٣ԼŮϣǾǷǳˡ
Ůͬʱͷͬ⡣
Ǽ̷ſңлַ̽Ůļͷ֮ϣ߶ȡŨ壬ͬʱٶҲȥٵĸħ硣


1845  
лٶҪԶ˿ݺܶ౶ûбֳһٶȷţǲһŴʮ׵ƽо룬̫ŨأҲᷢκξٶ
սӿ룬ƿŮ塣
ԼսлƿˣлսǸԵս
һӣŮ͸оʵһ㣬оȫ

лһսγһһеĺڶ㣬ΧŨŮڡ
ӣ
л̱߶սﵽһĳ̶ȣȻдĴȡ
ٶȺܿ죬ĸӾңգʹħ·ֲָĵطλĸֶ޷͸ʮ׵ľ룬лۿܹԲǧ׷ΧڵһУҲõӴܡ
𣡡
ǼϵħԵλõʱһޱɭȻֲХͻأĴĵ´ɭĹХ˶оͷƤ飬̼ܵĳֲǧ׸߿ЩƯŵĿ񱩵˱ļ
󷽵Ĺħĵλãӿһͬī֭ĺԼ۳һ޴׸ߵӰӰҵĲţЩ˯ĹħǷ׷׵ѹһʱ·ڤ㡣
𣡡
һ˺ֱðĹХ޾ī֭ѸٵɢӿȵĽǻɫȡ
л̸оµĴһ겨
ȻĹħѡ
ọ̈̄ս˻ߵ˻쳹Բ׵ķΧ֮ڣҲģĿ쭳ȥٶѾܴﵽļޡ
˲Ϣǧ׾롣
ĴҲǷ׷׿塣
л״ҲӿٶȣͬʱϵؾȡЩŮ壬ǵսɽס
ǣǣǣ
һĦ촫
һѩ׵Ĺִӵðһѩ׵ͷ̽
ħˡ
ħͨ׶ɣʵѾԽһûʵļˣʵȾŽսʣ⻹ͨĹħ
𣡡
ĹХ
һӴʮ׸ߵľ޴ĹӰڹħĵش޾ƵţҪǶħ
дĹħӵð׷׵ĳ
Ҫȥᣬرģȫ߶սףһңлٵĺȵ
Ůոճһ˿ҵľֺϡ
ǵȷ˶лľΣûȥһУȫĵĴ߶սĽס
ս׺ܿ죬Ҫ۳ɴʹս׵Ĵ㹻ȴҪ൱ʱſԵġ
ಡ
·ĹħĹХצ
лһһΨҶȻȥؼ䶼Ϊģѹͬеʽлʩչ˳ΨҶİѹʮ
꣡꣡ꡭ
Χʮڵйħ蹥ѹͳͳĻǷۣѹͨλֶԿܣҪ˵Щֻ൱ھŽսʵĹħˣѹɽ顣
ƾѹʮƣлһ·壬δܵκεӡ
ŮĴҲõ˷ǳǿûãѾﵽ˽ȫ׵Ҫ
ڣף
лϺһȻ߶ЩŮս֮С
Ҳ֮
أ
㹻ټ̵ս׵ʱսھȻͻأһɰԵޱȵֱӽ
лҲһ˲俴̵üļ䣬ʥ֮Դ˸˼¡
ɵ̾һʥ֮ԴȻ̽սףҲû취ˣֻ÷ס
ͬǱ衣
ԭս൱ڶ屶ѣ̵ҪѷɫһЩļ˲ϢԽһΣֱӳ߱ǿȡ
𣡡
һ·쭣ҲĹħΪǷۣˣڼŭĵصʮ׸ߵľ޴ħ
һХﷶΧڵ
аֻжʮ׶೤ĳ޴ƣֱץȥץˣֵĿ뿪һξлˡ
ãߣ
սף޷Ҳڴ˵أлȻٶȱ
Ƶ磡

ӣͬлλǰĿһٶȴﵽǰδеĵز
һЯŮһ⣬Ũ쭶ȥ
ˢ
˵˲Ϣǧ׵ľѾﵽ˷ǳ˵ĵزôл˲Ϣˣٶʮˡ
սųΨ첻ơ
ƾٶȣлһսĻʤġ
գۼĹлӲǴܳȥʮľ룬һӱ㵽ǹħıԵλá
𣡡
һٶʱŭǾ޴ĹħŭһǹħԵȻѸٵʵγһ޴ĺɫĹ֣ҪлڹħҲлţħֻƬڻ
ٶ̫죬ӴħǿȴڴﵽٿذǳѸٵĵزʶ۵δ׷ֻˡ

Σ̾ԾԾԵĳ嶯Ҳ֪ô£֮ǰûƽͣһ̼ս׶ǿҵɱ⣬һеĳ嶯
Ҳ֪Լʵ޵úܣɫ֣ܡ
ֲõı˿ʥ֮Դ
һĨ貵Ĺ⻪̵üļ˸š
Ӱ֣ѸٵһüļֳһȥֱǺɫĹ֡
ˣ
·˴˼ĳֿһ㣬ʥ֮Դһ֮£ֺ飬ԲǧڵĹһڡ
׼л˳ǰһ塣
˱㵽˹ħңԶĵطǿŭľ޴ħһҲħıԵ𶯵һζȴδ
ȻħĻܵƵġ
˵԰ȫ
лȷħ޷֮ǰħǧҵλãȻȫ߶Ķͨ
չпܱǾ޴ħʲô֮ҲޣֻǧңĶͨԴﵽ𾳽֮Ȼﵽ˾˵׵ĵزҲǡܹ׽ˡ
лһ±˾Ȼһֻ۵Ƹץסˡ
ץˡлȻˣȥѰ龧ʯ
ħʹ֪ݣҲлҪڳӶƶϳħʵĿġ
ҲȻ
л˱ʱ򣬾ͷһЩ仯
лȫս۵˫֮ڣ˽Ķͨӵ˼£ԼԼԿһЩģӰԼĺС
ֻӿռָóһƵĶĻζ˼£Ȼһεڴݳ
һĻˡ
ǿֲĹħȻſ˶˵


1846  رһ
ԭһ¶þȡ
лƴĴ߶սҪǾĶĺйճξʵ̫Զˣǿ޷ֻӦһöƲŶԣлܹģƵһһ֣עУǸԵ˱仯ħɱ¾
ħ
ħǵħȵģ֪飬ħеĹħǰǰħͷ£ǿĹħǱħеİͷ֮һͨ켶ԾǳҲһЩǡ
Ŀֲڣ˭
ɵ϶֪ܹħֻǱħͷˣǱħͷѾˣǹϵ飬Ǳħͷħ飬Ŀõġ
ôȴħͷ˭ħ
˻ɡ
ħ峤ϣģָܹʹħŮһӣ֮⣬Ȼһݡ
лȻš
ĺģͺˡ
ùħſǣĴҲѾڻ״̬һж֪顣
ħˣ㽫ئħһЩɣΰһġ˵
ħǸߴʮ׵ľ޴ħ
ζųɼħǳĸ֡
𣡡
һХУħӶһƣͿΧԼ׵ĿռеŨѸٵ۳һźںţǱ˵ئħˡ
漴ǲħȥ
ĸԵĸ֡
˶ɱߣʵҲλ磬񱻲ħֱŪ˹ȥҪɱǣҲ׾ٵġ
ٺһЦһئħ㻯û˵ڡ
֮лͷ֣˵屻һħ֣ǵѪ·͸ˣֳֻһ㵭ħ⣬ɭޱȡ
ţƺǡл˵Ĺģƺ뵽ʲôһʱ벻
а뺣꽻꽻õ֪ʶ̫ˣʱָϡŹֵĶ漰˵֪ʶõȫ䣬ѼʽģûȫأϾʱһ۵ڵǷǳġ
ʱǵپͷĳʱ
һȭͷСئħţȻŪˣһͨԼξĸɱߣ޷Ǿڸƿħ顣
лȻһЦעˡ
ֻϧ˵ļзӡδ뵽ƽǷӡ취֮ǰǲܽɱģȻͶȡļˡ
ܿ죬˱뿪˹ħ
ǿлѾ棬һлδе˼顣
ûȻ
лЦϣ
ˣֻǺ֣ӳġɻĵ
Ȼа취ƺ˵ɡлĵ
ǺһЦȻȻ
л£֮ǰƺ˵˵ȿܻһ鷳֮ǰģô¡
ɲ׷⡣
ϾԽħľǼˣױҳ˵ر仯ˣǻȥѯʲħĻ̵ܷʥ֮ԴİԱʵ⡣
££⣬⡣ЦݣҺܱǸΪ˱ʾҵĳ⣬ئħ͸°ɡɨĴһۣǶѾئħĺôҲûɰɡ
лһۡ
˹Ȼһئħ¶֮ɫ
ǽ͵ͬʱҲئħ͸ڵ˵˳˸оԼı仯ŵġ
ئħл
ˣа֮壬ئħܹа֮ƵĶŶĲҪֻ͸ˡЦ
а֮壿
лȻа̸ʱἰа֮壬ʱһַǳʣа֮壬ܹɾξ磬һа֮ĻȻΣĺôǣҲܼ̳ɾ֮壬а֮屣ǰһм䡣
а֮塣
еȷŲɸ˵ĿģĿĺܿа֮ŽܵϵȻĻԲھۼа֮ˡ
ֻϧлʡ
Ȼа֮壬ɴҲɿлĹѾﵽǳ˵ĵزŻᱻϵġ
ȻˣҾͲˡлȡһئħ
ئħֻǲ뱻ɣɵлӴئħ֮սȻٶȲ
ף
ôһئħȻսһ
л㾪г˷ǳ֮ſҪġ
Լɫ鵭Ȼ˿
£㻹û˵ħλͻȻʵġ˰Ǽ׷ʵлһҪһ١
ⲻȥѯʵԵɡ
֪һЦǹħ·ѹһԹɣҲεġ
ԹꣿħѹԹꣿлɻ
ǣħٹħǿֲĹħǿߣʲôǿҪѹ˰ӵ
ħһͷꡣ
лһ̣һͷ
Ҳѹ̻ǰ仯ȻŽܵϵȻܴ̼ǰ񱩵ĳһþȻôˡ
ħһǵħλ磬ħһĽ飬ħһ嵮һλǿߣ˵ħģܹħΪͷ֮ս죬Ϊͷ·ħȣƱħͷնɱȡҪɱõħİȻδɱ㱻ѹڴ˵ˣô꣬Ѿʧȥǣ˱㣬ÿһΣҲζԶˡ͵
лЦ֪Ļడ֪
ǽħȶˣôλǼλǰħѰڲ龧ʯء
лȻһЦûм׷ʡ
ѾˣǰߵˣԽħ򣬲Ҽа֮壬ٵЩ˻뿪ˣ˵ĶҲˡ
л̣нǼӡķˡ
ҡҡͷӡ䣬˼ķнǧֻ֣ͨһ֪ʱںȷһַӡ֮
лСֹ߹ȥ£Щئħɣǻ׼·ء
Ҳáлͷ
ɲ뱻ʲôʩչ˵ߣ˾ûма֮壬Ҳ޷֪ġ
ȻԼˣ϶лҲа֮塣
ȴ֪ƽװлئħٶȴ̼սˡ


1847  ر
εĽ׺˳
ئħлֻһлսʮһֱӴʮĶز
Ҳлսٶȵõ
ϣлһֽţһҪһܵĳ嶯Ҫܷһȭ
ֻһȭſԽȫɱ
л߳Ц¸оΣ
ܺãܲлЦ
Ǿͺã˵Ǻߣǿһ龧ʯܵõħʹԿףܵõħʹڵıгһգǻ˳Ϊͷģ۰һġ˵һЩ̼˵񾭡
֪սթлĻ˵Ѫˡ
ͷ
ǿϵľ磬˭ɾ;ͷ˶֪ܴ֮ﵽ綼ˣҪ˵ͨ켶;ͷˡ
лƳĸа֮ĸ۾ĺܣѪڷڣҲü
ļһǡ
λϿ߰ɣ龧ʯڵأΪͷĵһǰ档˵
˼һͺ
ǵнٶԼӿ࣬ȫٵǰн
ٶ֮£ħȵСʱ֮ڱԶԶСʱǴԽľ룬˱ħڲ㶼ǧﷶΧˡ
򣬶ǽأƹħǰ㡣
ֻûʲôܹлģδڷħƵ飬Ҳһ·ɰȫ
;УҲǰ̽ˡ
лһЩĸ֣ǴǶжġ
λǰǱħͷµһ֣ųпܳΪͷİͷ۷ħأ˵Σ֮󣬿ʤ֮ǰطİٱҿҪСģмǣһҪҵķԸ⣬ܾĽ֡Դǵĵ
˰ӵħ˵ˣһر
סڣȵǶǴ˵Ҫ̰ɱǸ汳
˰ƲƲ죬ģһɵȥ
ߵˣȻĻ˵ΪͷλѿԽˡ漴һ֣Ƕ׵ķΧڣɳԽ룬ҷоˣ⡣
˵
л˼״Ҳ׷׿£ȥ
վҺ󣬻Ǳ˴˶Щ䱸Եʣ֣Ҳħ֣лں󷽣˭ҪǸɵʲôᱻһʱ䷢ֵģ˵ؿɲǹħܹڵ֪ߣġ
ħ֮ǰħΣʱἰġ
һǿһʱݺħʮ꣬ӽͷİͷ˵Ѿ׼չسɾ;ͷչصĵգħɱ㽵٣ǿħħ֮սٻغϡ
Ҫ֪ħǵʱΨһնɱͷͷնɱܹϴսٻغϵģǾǾˡ
һԣħնɱħǰ˵һ仰֮󣬽ʸвҡ
δвħħǿ֪
˽ֵǣħǿĲǶһʱʢһʱİħۡ
ʱйħһͷս죬ħǵõĴУħ۰ϣͻƵģħ䣬ǱħƳɾ;ͷİħҲħݻ٣Ǳݻ٣ǰħԾɱ䱾ԴҲħ۵ıԴۣ֮űħڣҲħ繫ϵһر֮һ
ţõħ֮ԴԵõħ۵ĴУɾ;ͷ֮ΪĸǰѰң²ʬ壬ȴѰҵħһػħޡħѪޣ
ҲǡǡΪħѪ޵ĵӿ϶һ㣬Ȼħ۵ıԴħѪħ۱Դܲġ
ҪҪѰһ£ʩչһСл˵
мɰգлʵӦУҲһԭǴѰı˼֪ħ֮Դ
ⶫлİ
۷Եʱ䡣
ɡָ
лüͷһ壬ҡҡͷ̫ˡ
ðһԡ̵
Ул˵ķǳʥ֮Դ߶ѰֶΣֻɵĻҲʾħڵڲͬȻŷǳΣգСΪ
ʱģ˷ˣǿϧЩġ
һЦлô˵أغܴ֮ңǵķٶȣٻҪСʱ뿪˵أ취
ħ֮Դѣ
ǽɰգǴвǹħ򣬾֪вħлҲ̫ɵħأǿħϣвħĴڡ
ޱȼɵĴڡ
лɲðա
УлҲڹעҪ˵ӴһЩħѪޣȻǲܵģϾǣӿħȵ˲֪ж٣ȻħӴޱߣǻһЩ˵ġ
ϸع۲졣
ķУῴǧҵķΧڳûţǶѰҿܵı
ħǱħͷһĸһսҲǸƣյ壬ԼڻùյģΣգҲԿƵѰұŻǰľ档
Улͷ֣Ĵ֣ԶЩ۶·ҪѰҵĳ嶯
ߵ龧ʯǳΪͷĵһջ󶼵ֿˣγɾ;ͷ
˰ࡣ
ȷԶԣͷջ󣬸Եֿġ
лЦѣסЩ˵ǣǵıߣͻȻ֮䣬עлͷĿռָ澹Ȼʱĸһϸ΢ޣ۸ֵܷĹɢʹĿռָ۳һռָɫһΪڿռָ棬Էı仯
ЩлһҵȷڰоٶǾͷĶˣöռָҪرעˣ˳ʲô⣬Ҳǰֽռָ飬书һġ
ܹЩҲΪлۿȻûʲôͫ۾̶ԶܱͨȵģЩͫҲܿõͫܶ඼ֻġ
Ǽš
ûãǰͻȻ½½ĶǷȥķнţһڴ˻ǰǲǷʲô¡
죬죬Ϳˡ
аͫ꣬ҵ취ˡ
ɱ۽ҲϹȥˣ˵һᣬҲлˮ㰡
սǿ϶ģˮ϶ûǵķݣΪĿƲҲˣǿһɱ񡣡
Щ½½Ĵл˵ĶС
´òħڵһУЩҲ鲻ԽĲǿҵĳ嶯
ħ۱Դ꣬ڳˡ
õħ֮ԴɵõħۣӶɾ;ͷ֮ǹϵģҳΪͷ֮󣬻ܹвħǿͷ
˭Ķ
ҲȻĶˣǴֿɼĻᡣ


1848  һߵһ
˵ԼĶˣĴֶѾǰȥ֪޷ֹģοҲǳһݽҵ֣ǿҵĳ嶯
ԡ
֪һ˿ٷ֮һУԼͺܿһ߽ҵ˶õħ۱Դɾ;ͷ֮
κǰɾ;ͷѹһС
Щ˵УֻܾлƽǱ̶ЩϾǿǳɾ;ͷĻᡣ
ħܵƵӰҲܴͨ켶޷١
ǳ۷弶ܹɳģǸεĸ֣лʸ޷еġ
лϵعעΧĸ֣Ҫ͸ֳ֮˵ʵгĸ֣ɷ
ܿǱ㿴ԽԽˡ
лע֮£Ȼֲٵĳĸ֣ǶȺУʹԼطѹ𾳽磬̫ۣʱһħ۱ԴҲԳᡣ
ЩˣлԼĻͬǳСġ
˵ûʲôᡣ
볤ᣬǼҺ̬ľ籩ҲԿܵģڵɱߴͷʮ֮һľٴ룬ǿģ½ֻһλᣬҲڶˡ
ȺܼĵطһϷ
ðһ˿˿Ϣ֮Ѿܹսʼֻˡ
ʶĴ𾳽ϵģսʼǿߡ
лȻ¡
ǱЩĵıȻҲȻʹսףʹñԿ亮Ȼˣܹӳȫս
ƬϷľۼǧˡ
ӿħȵ˲֪мʮˣܹڲģϾֻϲŲ֮ʴЩսǣֵٶˣϾѾͨ켶𾳽ͻûƣҲ˭ͻƾܹͻƵġ
лҲۼȺС
ΪȫлǷɢˡ
Ҷħ۱Դܳĵطߵ˸ٹעˣл뿪Ƕû֣֪еȺӵҲֿˡ
лܡ
ߵĶսʼĸ֣˾ҪԼлҲ̺ͱҲܹӦģϸ֣ǿġ
վȺУл·
ֻĵشһϮ£һͷɫһԺɫǹȥҲǶʮ߰ĸ֣뿪׵ĵطͷ·ʱʱܹ۾λɢһЩĹΣΪɢȥҲϵ͸ڡ
аͫ
аͫǰʮҵλãһ˫ֱ磬Դûһͷ߱촽ɫƤȥ·ʬһûһ˿Ѫ˿עĿǣһ˫۾ǽŵģδ
Χۣ˱ɱ۽
бվаͫǰλãͬһˣ˳࿰ƿϸǸŮˣʼչº͵Цݣһͷɫͷտ۾һϮѩ׵սһѩ׵˵ŮĿеİӣƾӲڳŮ˲ô̫עħ۱Դʱ͵͵
ĿƲ١
˺˧ôô׳Ů͵ûƷλǸŮ˶ƯģʲôƲĲмһˡ
ĻԱʿĹע
۹⣬ôˡһӵͷӣ˲ˣϵСûԿϣǡĿƲĿɨ̱͡
Ҳˣӵĵ
˼æôˣֻǣֻǿƲ̫ˣֶ̫ˣۺ񣬲ȻĻɵˣλ֣ʲô˲𡣡
̵
㲻֪һ㶣漴·Ҫְ˵ĿƲٿΪʹӢ֮һʹͷյ㣬ܹɾ;ͷ֮ģ֪Ŷʮ갡ʮѽѾλˣҸҴģһǰܹΪͷǰɱ
һлҲһ
ʮλְ
ʲô˵δͷĲѡʹӢ֮һҲ˵ʹ廹ѷɫƲٵĸ֣˵ʹΣ֮ˣʥ֮ĵʱ򣬿²һͷսġ
ʹд壬壬׼ңѵû𣿵ħȴħѵûֻطˣ֮⣬ҲӦôڰɣ
Ҳ˵⹫ǿľͷпܶһĸոտͷõĳǿߡ
һжΪʥ֮Ķ׼
ʥ֮ģʲô
ли̾ԼҲüʵſ԰ȻĻʱӱԶͨƵˣлԸ⿴顣
ǱɲܹΪͷ֪ǱΪͷĿ²ˣûһɹġ͸ӣҲѹ֣õʥ֮Դʹ˵ž޴ĳޣȻǿҵķС
ٺ٣˵ûܻܲһ⣬㲻֪Ʋٲսˣһ˫Ŀףµȥһʵɱ˲գۣеˣûһҲаǧΪ֤İȫϻһĶܹΣʱʹİͷʱ꽵٣˵˭ɱƲ¿صжϣЩΧǸûлõħ۱ԴģǼǿƲٵ֮ΨһܹвҲɱ۽
꽵٣
л̾һõħ۱Դļʸˡ
ʹͷֻǽһ꣬Ҳɴﵽ۷ĸ߶ȣ˭֮᣿
ǵõǰͷӵÿ䶼ܱġ
ɱ۽ǿ𣿡̿ĵ·ѯʣǶԴ˵Ĳм
л״Ĵָڴ̽鱨棬ȷ˲ֻҪ΢ʹٱֶΣ¿ز£㽫֪һͳͳ˵˳
ɱ۽ħɽͷ֮һֱϵѪᣬ繥ݵħħɽһģ˵ħɽͷµİͷǣоһλɱ۽ڣͬĿƲһĴ޴ΣԽͷ꽵٣סͬž޴Ǳ˵ħɽͷδͷ֮һ˷ǰħȣҲǷĿıǱħ۱Դġ¿˵㿴۽գΪҵħʢʮ֮ͫһɱۣһȻѪɺӣ޿ɵֵ
ƺӡֹǲ֪аͫǸʲô
¿صŽƣޱȴѪҳħ۱Դİ취ѵ֪ԼѪڰװױ˱𣿡
ûб
лһлȡħ۱Դء


1849  һߵ
аͫûблԼͻлᣬڵҪǶ϶Ƿб
аͫɵϣͫǱΪаͫȻͫɾͷǷħ۱Դħ۰壬ܹɾ;ͷ֮꣬ѵǰװ˵
ֲɵϣȻΪԼǵġ
ûбڳ绷֮µõħ۱Դأ
ҪбȻˡ
аͫûбҲšлˡ
˸۸лҲôΪ
ӵ¿ؽеûбҪбĻôܱ׷ɱأҲܱɱӴ֮ãûбҿۿζ㱻ɱ˼صƲŻģб䵽ز
¿ؼӣлЦаͫܿûбˡ
ȻûбôлͻлᣬûбҪõħ۱Դ޷Ǿʩչǰ㽫Լ뿪򣬾ܴȥҲ̫ԶģƾĶۣͨҵȡȫлᡣ
лǱͷٶȼϣ֮
ˢˢˢ
һĹβϵشӵͷаͫ۾ڴݳɢû֮ڡ
أԭɫؾȻһ㵭ĺɫ
һ˫˫Ѫɫ۾ֳǺȻػƬصħѪ޵۾
Ѫ죬˸ĺâû˿ĸ顣
СģħѪҪˡ˴е
󲿷ֵ˷׷׵ա
ǿɲԸЩħѪ޽֣ǿǲݵħޣʵرĶ࣬ĻĸֶԸġ
Ψаͫɱ۽ĿƲʼδκεĶ·δЩѪɫ۾һ㡣
аͫĿдһɬ춯Щδ۾ڷ֮󣬱㻯һû֮ڣʹðĵɫԽԽأѪɫģ·һѪ͸һѪζ
𡫡
޺𣬴˾Щҵã˸ѸٵգԸ⼴ֵħѪ޽Ǣ
𣡡𣡡𣡡𣡡
һ޺𲻶ϵشӵ´
ÿһľ޷״̬ľΪ񾭴ңΪħ
δ֣ħѪѾչֳµʵ
ðѪɫϢڣһ˫˫Ѫɫħ۲ϵؿպϣ֮࣬˷ԲڵķΧ
أ
ͻȻը
һŨصѪ漤ѪɫˮһԼ׸ߵӰ˳
Գͨ嶼ںɫëֱ۰ӽϥǵλãļţһ˫۾أѪɫɢĿ⣬ĳ֣ܵѪɫϢԾ
ħѪޡ
ء
ħѪ޶ԼҵĴ췢ŭ
һʱӦ
ط׷׵ѿһħѪ޴գۼ䣬ԲڣȴаͫΧʮδħѪޣطȫħѪޣǰϢҲǿҵӿ
Щħɱ۽ĿƲɫȻ·δ϶һ˿˿ΣʹøħѪ޾Ȼ׷׵ĺ˳ȥʮ׵ķΧҿǰ
Ǿ£ɲζЩײеħѪ޻¸߿еЩǡ
𣡡
ȳħѪޣ֮ߣչֳҲǿһ˻еħѪ޶ŭˣ׷׵ıһ˫˫Ѫɫħۿʼ˸ſ񱩵
Ҫˡ
л״̴ŮλζȰȺķΧϷ⵽
Ҳ׷Ӧ

˻ҵʱаͫȻһ
ԭţͼҪħѪ޵ʱͣȻ˳ӵ̬
һ£Ⱥը˹
аͫȻԿħѪޡ
Ѫоħ۱Դķҵ˽취ܹħѪˡ
лԹۡ
Եע⵽аͫһڣ۾ڱ˸һĨΣûɢ£ûЩħѪ޵壬ǲµġ
а֮ͫ鴫
Ȼа
˼ַĿƲٵĵ
аͫûдϵؽаͫͷųĹ۳ɷţ͸¡
һʱ䣬ƬԵø졣
ųħֲħѪ޶ĴڵϣûзκιƺҲڵȴħ۱Դĳ
ʱһš
ˣ
һƵ춯ˡ
Ƭ·춯˵۾ûɵĳһ˲ϢäĿΡ
л۾Ҳһ˲Ϣģվۣ˫Ŀԣѷͨ˵۾ܱģǿܹõ𶯵ʱаͫ۾ȻȡһЩѪɫĹâ
ˣˣˡ
춯ԽԽ죬ԽԽܼǵ۾ȴܵš
ǵϷڵѪϵţаͫϷ𽥵ĳͣƺҪ۳һʲôӡ
ˢ
ǹעУаͫȻ̧ͷ¶һ˫аͫ
һ˫·е۾öˮǶźڱʯһ㣬ͬҹ䡣
룬Ѫħۣۡаͫȵ
˫аͫȻɢܼͬĹΣ˷ɨȥһӱ㽫ЩħѪ޵ˡ
ħѪ޵ʱһ˻
Ҫ
ЩͬĹ֮Ѹٵǵǵͳͳĸǣ˫۾ڡ
𡫡
еħѪ޶˻ʹĲҽš
һץԼ۾
ۡ
ѪУħѪ޵۾ͳͳıĳǿиǣԼ壬Ѫ˿ڿзš
ħ۷ɳЩħѪ޷Ĳҽ׷׵ˤڵأͳͳȥûаϢ
ȫľѾ۾ˡ

аͫȵ
һʱ䣬ϡ
ЩѪɫħ۷׷׵ը飬Ѫ˿׷׵ӿаͫͷϷѪ۵һ޴档
֮ħѪ޵ڻسˣȻһֻѪɫħۡ
ͬаͫźѪħۣǳ
ƺ˵۾һգһգģ·𲻴һ˿аϢ˶оѪħдϿֲ֮·ĳֲֻֿǻûбˡ
Ȼ׼аͫаͫҪôһалĵ
ֱؼʱˡ
ħ۱Դڲ֮
лĿĿƲٺɱ۽弡Զˣʾսǰ׼ʱ̶׼ų֡
Ĭʮսȫţлսȭͷʱ׼ͬʱҲץסǰħ
иоסлƣ߶ٱ
㿴лòٶȷı䣬תΪһȥʮҵӵģ߶ƾհ˽ʮףֻһҵӡ
Ҳ׼


1850  һߵ
ħ۱Դ֪Ҳ׷һԼı֪ûлᣬҲԸ
ɾ;ͷջǼ
лԹۣվڸ߿գܹһ۵ףõϵ̰Ϊνһ߻ᣬܵõľ޴棬Ƕˣһа㣬أ۷Źаͫڴħ۱Դ
ûһע⵽ϷѪɫ۾
Ѫħۣãл֪ҲףԲͨĶȻž޴ãȻаͫҲʹó
ʱһš
ÿ˶оʱߵúǵȴܿ죬أЩ˵Ķͷ˺ˮ
һЩľˣ־ܻҵļ
һӱ쳣
ħ۱Դɣ
ڴУУаͫȻһȣ·գ𶯵༸
аͫȻһ档
䣡
ΪģԲһǧ׵ķΧڣ尼ȥһףŨصѪҲȻع£ƺȥħ۱Դǣ
֮زҡɽ͵ˮ
һۻϢӵ´ݳ
ħ۱Դ
ˢˢˢ
һĻ˵ĳ
һӰ⿪Լصãߵĸֶķ׷׵ѪһԷȥ
ʮ˴аͫΧ
Ǿǳĸ֡
ϰ˿Хŷվڸ㣬Щ˵ʵҲǿĽ̬ÿһ۷壬λħ۱ԴĻᡣ
鷳ŵаͫվϵѪħһһϵģƺΧЩ֣Ϊ˽ħ۱ԴһѪΪһĻ𣿡
ĿƲȻ
ɱ۽Ƿһ˿Ц⡣
˶ûпڡ
ССλ磬Ҳħ۱Դǳ룬ҵȳ֮ˣʸȡһ۷弶ЦȻŷѹʮڣ͸ǳλĸֶѹļϢԿܡ
аͫĵҺ㣬һɱ㡣
ɱңҲ䣬һָɱһٴΡ۷徳ĸְȻ
ʵ
۷ǿߺλĲ࣬ʮǧ̫ˡ
𣿡аͫ¶аȵЦݣҾ൱λĻ˵ܵסҼУ
൱ǡ۷弶ǿԣЦЦЦƳѪħ֮Ȼֹסˣ¶һĨ֮ɫ˵תԶ쭳ȥ
ȻҪߡ
аͫЦ˵һɱġ
һ䣬ͷϷѪɫ۾Ȼϣٶ·ѪɫĹŸ߿Ȼȥ
䣡
Ѫɫֱ߿վĸ߶ȣȻȻѣѪɫĹĻѸٵ˷ɢȥ
ͬʱѪħҲȻ飬Ѫû£Բﶼˣû¡
һ˲䣬
л̶ûиоʲô仯
Щʵﵽλϵĸ·⵽ĳȺһ㣬׷׷ĲҽһڵҵıţͷųĿֲҲѸٵļȥ
ǰ󲻹ӣλϾĸ֣۷ǿߣǵһӵλľ硣
һȺģĿƲЦ
ɵϣѪħۣͫųһͫɸʩչߵʵ߷˵ľ罵ͬȾ磬һ֣ǾͷǱͷʹѪħҲֻܷӳͷʵӶնɱ֪ͫȻħ۱ԴǶħ۱Դ衣ɱ۽
ǵĻѪħ۵İ
лԣҲ̾һʱѹֱΪǰδеĻԻʱǺųƻԻ͵ԶʥʱϹ˻ʱϹʥʱʱȣ֮Ĳࡣ
Ѫħۣʱһͫһͫϡ
ͫлҲаĿе֪ʱǴڵ磬˼磬磬ħа˾ǧ֮࣬ȻÿһǾͷģǰͷģǰͷ壬ͷһ֮ң
һԻ͵ʱԹȻӵȻľͷԹҪ뱨ʵУǾѪħۣѪħֶΣרŶԸԼʵǿĸ֣Լʵ൱ĵزٽ
뵽ʱĳԻͳ̶ȣлֹΨʱڷչһٶ꣬ϳʱˡ
˦˦ͷЩͷ׿л½ע·
ѪħۣһߵаͫĵұǵѪħ۱Դҽħ۱Դɾ;ͷ֮𣡡
һ䣬˫аͫȻһĨâ
ݣ
۹磬ֱʱֻܷӳλʵĳ۷弶ֵ壬һ
ͬȾ磬аͫǿļ޵С
λ۷弶֣ȴֿûУֱӱɱܹһҲɱаͫģѪħ֮¡
ħ۱ԴߣаͫȻİ⣬ͬѹʮ޵аҪǵǵ꣬ǵѪħ۱Դĳ
һ䣬аͫȻ޵Ĺ⻪
Ĺߴаͫڱ̬׸߿գֳ֮һĸ
ϣЩ˷׷׳ַ
ǵδǹȻ
аͫһƣǾٶȣ
Եٶ֮£ʵǿûʱ䷢ӳôȴľ
һ֮һĸ֡
ĿƲҲ
˫Ŀ˸һĨɫĹΣ֮
ˣˣ

ͨ͸ؼ䣬¾ǧףӹΧʮڵĸͳͳ䣬һ
ãҲˡɱ۽Ȼ۾
۾һһϡ
ֻһ˲Ĺ˼۾ŵл򿴵ˣһ˫ûк۰ףͬäһ
۾ĿϣȻγһ޴ĹһӽʮУȻЩ˵ײ£ͺѩ˷ˮѸٵڣգۼ䣬ʮͳͳˡ
֣ͫһɱ֮ĵĸ֡
ֿлҲĴָȷǿ
лǿסһսĳ嶯Ŀ·ĵ棬Ȼʼѿħ۱Դڳ֮С
ȵħ۱Դֵһ̡
ųĸֱѹλֳ£λϸͳͳıնɱлҲڼɵ˷ˡ
ҲȻۡ
šл
Сĵ㡣
лЦЦ㻺½
л½ıӰһʧУվлǰ棬Ϊڷ絲ģأͺһһöûУñߣǲģﰵģһҪǿ
Ŀ˸ųȵĹâлǿлܵ˵ʱԼﵽ߳
ŮˣȻͬԸ
лһž״̬վȺУȻǹѵĴأȴħ۱Դĳ


1851  аͫĿɱۡһ
عѣ١
·Ҫһ㣬޾գѿһķ϶ңԶϷЩѺڹճһֻ۾
ؼһж۾ڡ
ÿһ˵Ķ۾ĳֶҵ·ĵһжܣֻ۾͸ˣ
л׿ȥҲͻͻ
һݵĸоͷƺܵ˴̼㣬ҲܵſҪһ̸¡
֮䣬ƺĳϵ
ۣΪۣʵһľһ۵ĸоʵͫκιְˣֻӵߣҲûмԶΪͫʵ󴫡
ᵽ۵л֪ⲻνͫ
л΢գֵĸо΢ƺۺп۾һϵ
ֵĸолֹ
Ҳò׼Ϊλ
Ҫ֪·ħ۱Դڳ֮ϣͻȻһֻ۾˭ܲ²⵽۱Ȼħ۱ԴŽܵϵ۲ϵء
ֲʱҪȥǡ
жȡħ۱Դ˵
л·֣ͫҲڹעΧˣǵҲûҪˡ
һƳȺе
ֻȵĹâԾɶħ۱ԴһЩ룬ǱлעĿռָͷųĹ߹ճ˿˸һ˿˿ĹΣ֮£ƬռŵѪɫȻ޷£ߡ
ǿռָı仯ӦþȫͨħصıˡлԵ
ƣֻǿռָ
ԵĶħµڣȻܹӦݸлǿȤ
Խطܹ֪˰ɡ
л뷨ѹ£Ҳ½ûȺ뿪ʱ뱻˲ҲҪᡣ
㣬
лոȶΣѡص㣬ĿƲȻ̧ͷһ˫տ۾˸ĹʣһӾл
ͬһʱ䣬ɱ۽аͫҲл
вĵģǺðɣұɱˡаͫĵ˫۾˸һĨâ
ݣ
һ̹ǵĺƱĹâȥ
һǿ𼶸޷ĵزֲĵطһ족֡
˵аͫͫĵطַ档
˵Ψ첻Ʒӵ쾡µĵز
ɱǳ۷弶֣һߵ֮£λľ磬ϾʵʵڷţۼսҲԶλĸܱģаͫƾǳͫƾͫӳĽ̬ٶȣһɱʱ򣬴Ӧ쵽˼¡
˿аͫٶȳ֣Ծһ֡
һƣȻĿƲٺɱ۽üͷһ壬Ծûҵκƽͫİ취
һ棡
Ȼħ۱Դ֪
ŪδȻ˾㵡
ֻлһץ˸âսӿϵЧϢ˸е
أ
аͫͫһٶȿ쵽޷һߣлһץסˡ
ƴٶȣ
лоһ˿ЦȻͫٶĺܱ̬ٶȵڼģǷˣ֮ͬƴҲҪվ
Ҫٶͷοܡ
ֻץȥлҲԿսΡ
ʮս˵Ѿл֮ǰħ֮ǰս൱սޱȵϢű˹
һץסͫһεĹлһ
ž꣡
ͫһ顣
лȻ½ȻˣҲˣûнٶȷӳҲһɡ
ͫƽеĸ߶ȡ
ܵһʸħ۱Դаͫûжŭƽĺܣ·֮ǰһǲлʸһ
лһݣȻаͫͫ족֣򵥵ı棬ĵơ
ĿƲٺɱ۽ƺҲʶˣɫǰǰĵȻˣ͸һ˿أаͫӡ
ħ۱Դʱɱ۽ӦŴ·Ĳֹͣļ󣬲ɵÿʵ
ĿƲ׿ۣ֮Ƿһ˿Ц⣬Żӡ
㶮֮۰аͫ
֪һЩĿƲٵȻһЦۣ֮֮ۡĵ벻аͫȻۣ֮ĺ
л͵һ
ǿйճ۾Ȼаͫͫչ֣
ɱ۽ҲЩȡ

аͫЦȻ֪֮۾ҵа֣ͫƲ٣㻹Ҿ𣿡
֮۹ȻǿҵʹĿҲþˡĿƲٰȻŵĺܡ
𣿡аͫĿƲ٣ħ۱Դܿͻоʤʤߵõħ۱ԴΡ
ĿƲٵá
ɱ۽Цϲ
лȻһͷʾͬ⡣
λСˣҿҪˡаͫЦеĵĻ䣬ۺâһ֮ϵֻ۾Ȼ
ݣݣݣ
ֱ߷䣬˺գĺХ
һ۱ɿУлĺȻǿģҪǿĶࡣ
аͫȻлǿĵ֡
ΣлҲȻʧЦۺ֮ĳϵؾʱаͫʶԼʵŻ㾳ġ
Ҳգ
л֪֣ͫõħ۱ԴֻȫһսǿԵĻ᲻ϧ¶ݵһսֻħ۱Դջ̫ˡ
ˢδֵлһǹ֮¶ԭһӰٶ̫ı֡
£ֱӽӰ飬ûأعٶȼӿ죬𶯵Χɽҡ̮
ͬĿƲٺɱ۽ͬʱʩչͫ
ҪͫĴԿƵġ
ĿƲ֮˸ɫΣѸٵüļۣһ϶üļ俪Ȼǵֻۡ
ֻۿһâȥ
䣡
Ժ䣬֮۵ĹȻĿƲٵͫٶȲģЯž˵ʡ
ɱ۽˫Ŀ䣬ճһ޴Ĺ⽣ֱӽǹ飬Ҳͬǳ߿ա
һ˷ֹǿаͫʵǿϾһˣҾ൱Żᱻͫɻƣֻаͫû뵽лȻû潻棬ѡ˶ܣЩŵǣ֮۵Ĺٶ֮Բʲô˶ܶ㿪ġ
һɼΣ˶ѡлЦаͫһȭаͫĺġ


1852  аͫĿɱۡ
ƾſµۣ֮аͫԼܹˣȡħ۱Դģһֲ֪ԼˣҴĺףǴлϡ
ĿƲٺɱ۽ֻͫҪ΢֮ͨ۱ɽ˻ģܹǵĹаͫոҪ֣ʹлȭ硣
ۣ֮аͫȵ
֮㿴֮һĨâ
ƯڰеѪɫͻȻһʱ䣬Ƭؼ·ǵĶƺֻڲ壬ǵжлҲ·𱻼ֻƴס֫
ж쳣ļѡ
˻аͫǰһܣ㿪лһͬʱâ߷ֱĿƲٺɱ۽ˡ
۾һ֣죡
һ֮£˲Ϣ
֮ͫ۵ֻ÷ѸٵĶ֮۱˷ŵΣ
ۣ֮걬аͫȵ
ҲѸٵգһӴﵽǧ׸߶ȣл˾룬һ˫۾Ĺʢ
֮ҲѸٵ³
һ±ԽЩΧ۵ĸֲ֣򣬵Աס֮аͫϡ
âһаͫĶͷϿ˵ֻۣǺŵ۾
Ǻ۱ۣ֮޾һۿȥ⻪˸ͿѪȻת۳Ѫɫ룬ĸ˷Բǧ׵ķΧڣûκεĶء
ۣ֮ʱʮ֮ͫһаͫͬΪʮ֮ͫһں֮ۺаͫһ壬ȷǿδСĿƲٵĵҪƾͻңǲܵġ
Ŷҿͫɡаͫ
ĿƲ΢΢һЦʹĿգ
һ䣬ؼȻóޱȡ
һ˶Ȼ򱶵ͺаͫԭֻһʮһӱ򱶣һʮλܷУ廹޷ѡ
ЩѪɫҲѵļ
գССѣΪаͫƲаͫΪգ
˫۾ڹâ˸̼䣬һĨâ㿴Ѫɫĸزˡ
ϵĳظʧ
׾ٵıƽˡ
ɱۣ𣡡ɱ۽һĿƲٵĹ߽⣬һҲʲôͻأаͫ߳һĨɱ·ѷնһ
׺ݵ˺գЩѪɫĸ붼ݻһƬ
аͫЦаͫ𣡡
ˮһĵȥܲʵ
ˢˢ
ͬնȥһӱնаͫϣȴûܵκε谭ͬһǹԽ壬߿գаָֻͫԭ״˿ûˡ
ʹĿɱۣͬΪʱʮ֮ͫһȷǿһͬʮͫоŽǰͫοҵĵ֡аͫȻǣͬ޵УҵĶ֣ҲȻħ۱Դҵģû˿Զߣ
𶯵ضڲǧ
ĿƲٺɱ۽û˷ŵţǶ˿µĹֶΣȫЧ
عٶڼӿ졣
һεӵ´
аͫͷϵǺŵ֮Ҳ˸һĹ⣬ħ۱ԴҪˣˣ֮֮ϵֻҪ̱֮ںˣ
ɱ
֮ۺħ۱ԴȻϵĿƲٺɱ۽һҪɱȥ
һߵ޷ͷģֻƾԼʵ
ۣ֮а֮ͫĿںϣаͫͿֻ۾һγһΣ걬
ӹɵαȥѸٵ
ɲǼ䣬εĹâŴǧ״СýЩѪɫĸȻιâʧѪɫĸͻͻĲţÿһѪɫͳͳıʮһ׵ĳ룬ǲϵ˸űѵϢ
ݡ
ĸһ
ʹĿ⣡ĿƲٿȵ˫һţʹʹĿһ޴Ĺ֣ʮף
ɱ۽Ȼٺϱգڿ񱩵ĵħӿȵļһ˫۾һ޴ϣһĺ޲Ĵڣͬػ
˳߿գЩ
͡
¡
ǿķǸǰͳͳı棬ǧϷ
аͫϺȵ
ЩȻ
ã
ĿƲٺɱ۽ɫ䣬Ǹоǿֲıը˵ϣȻ飬Ƿ֮ƴ
䣡䣡䡭
һıըǰжըڶǿռ䱻ӲըģನŰ˷
˸ǿѪˣӸ߿صĵ档
аͫȻŤͷлͬʱһҪȫٿʣµĸԸлġ
֮۸֪ۣаͫлνǸӡ
һְȥȴȻ֣ŻվԭصлȻûټ
ĿƲٺɱ۽ǰ󲻵ʱ䣬ʼչעлȻ֪лʧġ
ң
ڱ
аͫĵѣǰ䣬ͬʱ߶֮ٶʩչ˶ַ
ܹϢĳаͫԣлʩչȻƷ硣
ߣ
һֻͬĸоɢлϼսʮĶһ㽫䲻ʵĸоȭͷҲ׺ݵ˳ȥ
аͫ;УȻתֻͬʱһ
оۼһһеĹߡ
лȭͷǡӭϡ
䣡
һȭ֮£ս̺ŵıϢȻǹ߶ˣһ˲֮ͣͣһȭУͺһ׾ٵ
һĻлм
սĽ׹ȻǴﵽ˷ǳĵزŸãԽ˹⿴õܹˡ
һͫлһȭȥ
أ
ȭӰа֮ͫϣ紫ѪҲ׹ȥ
лɱȻ׷ᡣ
Ҫɱаͫ
˵츳Ǳ̫ˣǵħĸ֣һɳ¾Ǿͷ֮ˣǿǼֲĵˡ
аͫ𣡡аͫȵ
ٶȲɵĲˮƵء
ɱ۽ɱǿһǱ˶ȥģܹͬˮһ͸κι˺塣
ûãлЦ
˵ֻǶǶʮս궼ܹɱģᱻ˵
͵һȭаͫȥ
ǡ
һȭҳȥϢһӽˮһаͫһ㡣
аͫѿھеئħħأ
δͬʱߣһιâǰλá
ȭͷ£Ǽаͫˣʮ˵ѺۣðѪ
䣡
лҲһȭιâϷһǿҵ𵴸д΢΢һٿǹâȻѣаͫѪٵ׹ء
ֶͫڵϡ
˸䣬лжһħǿ񱩵սȫӿУ·˱Ȼնȥ


1853  ͫһ
ħľ
֪ڵۣаȺ߸󶥼ֵУõħľȻǰˡ
ƶն
лԼյĶƺΨһһҪԷо֮󣬻Ҫ˼ʱֹעܹȷݵĶˣļһ۱ɶ϶лˡ
ħΪɨһ
һĨתɳʮ׵ĵԾƳΪؼΨһ·ͫ
в
ۣ֮
ʹĿʥɱ֮⣡
ɱۣ
ͫͬʱ֣ΪԼܹҲϧһеĳԵ˾˵ĵز
ǾͿ˰ֻ۾ͬʱ
ˣ
ǵĹһ֣ھǵ⽫ʮ׵ʱ̱γɿеһ۵ľɫ
ݣ
ӹǱĹʱ߽⣬ٶȲĺɱȥ
ͫ־һ׷׵Ӵܡ
䣡
â˸ţ貵ĵûأķ籩俪أ𶯵Ӱʹŷɳȥ
һлָ糣ͿֵͫǰһѪۣնϵ˿ڡ
˵һƬҰס
ŵãһ˲䣬ɥĸоǼץ
Ҫɱ۽ĺǽյ۾͸ƤܿһĨâ˸š
аֻͫ۾ٶ۳һΣֻεм˸һĨĹ
ĿƲٵֻͬĶ֮һ˫۾ˣֻ渡ֳɫĹΣƺһĨޱȵҪ

ħ
лҲվֱˣһϵΨҶİȻ趯·һ
ں߱͵ųն϶ΨҶ
˶ǲǰڻͨģΣδ֤ء
ɱۣݣ
֮аͫն죡
ʹĿɱ
ֿͫ˻һͬʱǿһ
ǵȫ汬֮ҲǾ׵ģǳǣֵͫڿײȻ۳һȻ񵶣׺ݵնɱȥ
һȻʧɫɽӱ
͵ħǿնһеĹ
ΨҶ
лʮսӿħڣҵһ࣬·Ǹãصһƿһеֻء
ħն¡
һء
ڿײ֯һʮּܣبա
ʮּܱĿĹ⻪˶Ȼı۾
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лһȻٶȳȥħٶնȥΨҶһ
ͫϵȻ顣
ֲĵ⻯֮ʮ׿ľ޴Ĺֱֶͫȥ
֣һ
һõͫðǹٶȣ֮ͣߵĻᶼûУֻĿһȻ¡
ѵĴȻͣ
ڷаͫħ۱Դĵطؿǿʼ𣬳һ޴ӡ
ݣ
һ·
ǿµĵֱӱˣֱۣ֮߿պȻл׿ȥǷ·𽫵ħ綼俪ˡ
֮ǿױȡ
ͬһʱ䣬˵Ժðһͷ
ħ۱Դ
лռݸ߿գ̽ٶʩչˢһ±ȥΨҶĿ񱩰Ǳȵַͫ׷׵Ʈˡ
Ȼģаͫ
ȴûһٸҿ
лǸе壬ǻڴħ۱Դᱬ׵лɱˣôǻһ߻ᡣ
İĹâӵ´
һӤȭͷСĺɫԲȽȽա
Ǿħ۱Դ
ħ۱Դһ˲䣬ȻⷽԲʮڱһƬڣֲָֻܿһ㣬ӳлϣһжڵġ
ȽȽħ۱ԴлûȥĿţ۾չ
ͻͻͻ
ħ۱ԴлλãͻȻҵĲͬʱлҲоԼ궯
ƺĳϵƵء
лۿʼɢһĨĽ⣬λûͷųϵ͸ħ۱Դڡ
ħ۱Դ֮ϵ
õǵɫĹâħ۱ԴİĹڼԲλãֳһɫ۾
۾䣬ԲڵһУǺɫԲ棬ÿһ˵ģǰϵë׶ɼһ¶̰Ŀ⣬Ķħ۱Դ
ࣣ
ˮβ㣬ɫ۾һգл̷ԼҲ֮һһϣĺгֳԲڵһӰ
ħ۱Դ͸Ȼˡ
ڤڤУһָлƷħ۱ԴϷ
ž꣡
Ʒȥһ˲䣬ħ۱Դ飬ǽɫĺ۾Ҳ֮ɢĽɫߣ׷׵л֮ڡ
л֮ϿʼһĽɫߡ
ۺħ۱ԴʼѸٵںϡ
һɳˮļǽɫӿлļУֻһۣл֪ǶħһƬΡ
ڵؼ»ָ
ħ۱ԴаͫͨıлѪˣθġ
ĿƲҲ̰Ķл
ɱ۽ɱ졣
Ƕľʹ˷
ۺħ۱Դںϣȴ˿лãܹɵʩչһսһжڲٿš
ǣ
ħ棬лϴһžžžĹ
һû򹻣λΡлЦϵս͵ܿһҲֱļսı֡
аͫϵļһ鴤ںħ۱ԴȻսôһ̬
һظһǧֵȴûаͫӰѾˡ
ĿƲټٵȥЦʹһģ
ħ۱Դһִڳҵģֻҡɱ۽Ҳٵĵˡ
һݻˡ
л׿գЩȺһӵӰˡ
Ķ֮ͨ£ҲûзһӰлɵóһڶˣԵһսǽܻħ۱ԴںϵһЩģܹսĻǲҪսĺá
ȷ֮лһû¡
ʩչѸٵԶ˵ء
֮ǰ˵нлƫ뷽Լһٶףһɽ·ٶȿٳһɽС
ڱŮƾл֮΢ĸӦҵģҲҪġ
лħ۱ԴϣʼĶħ۱ԴЯħļ䡣
֮ȼ֣ȴޱȡ
ħ۱Դͫ


1854  ͫ
ħ۱ԴͳΪϵħ۰ڣ֮ͫΪʹɳĿƲǰᣬͼõħɱ۽ĳ֣ǱǾͷĴڣҲڱͷԴҲܹעҲ϶ħ۱ԴŰħ۵ͫǳɾ;ͷĲš
ƫƫħµļⲻͫ
ȼлҲǸ̾ѣ統ƶϳаʺϹʥʻ֪ĿĵжϣǴģ֪ȫǵߵģʵҲ಻̫ңԶ
Դ֪ģܿǴŶġ
ħ۱Դһ֤һ㡣
л鿴ļ䡣
ħµļ䲢࣬Ҳ٣аħһľħһսĻ棬δԭħûһսħ֮ǿҲò̾
ħҲνͫͫƶ⣬ʶ˵ħͫǴΪʱħ۰ҲԸȥܻ֮ͣеĹעӶδɹ֮ǰ䡣
ν߰ǿۣΨۣܶһаأɾң£ذ壬ƾͷ֮𣬴ﵽبΨе߾磬ҵʱųƵһͷ֮֮֮ڵļ¼Ƿǰ򡣡
ذȻ֮ʷһɹϣ̣ҿʮ߸췽ȵôһλᣬʱգշķʽǻγ֮ʣͼۣδ룬ͷע⣬һս˸һֻ壬ȴҹһۿʧܡ
һζεļƬΣÿһʱħռǵķʽµġ
л֮ҲǾȲѣۿ֮Ȼ˸ƶϳҸҵ۵İڣǾꡣ
Ȼɵ׵µųɾ͵ġ
һˣ褣
⼸֣ҲӡԺС
л»оȥ鿴
ǧ࣬Ѱżҵ˲֮¿ۣһѶʮʱѼһвϣһǧ꣬Ƴɹħ۱ԴֻҪںϣӵۡ
ڴңѳɹڼħ٣ħֱһ褵ĴڣǰԸħˣʵֻǽڣĿңΪںħ۱ԴовֻҪҳɹ̤ͷħҲδҵĶ֣ҽܻóƾͷķħˣҪҶɱҡУҪóƾͷİ
Ұˣܵúܲңҵδħǿȴ֪ħ۱ԴΪҳһ꣬ҿһУǽµĿܳƾͷİٵˣõĶǼٵģضջϲһҵħ۱Դˣֻ²ǧ֮һܵõħ۱Դ޷ۣҲܹĸ֪ɵõ

ħ껹δ˵꣬Ѿĥˡ
лҲħģģǲڱ¶ħ۱Դ
ȴЩħռǷʽµļƬΣļƬΣǴһ곹ǰµļ䡣
Улࡣ
л˷ܵǣһμ䣬ǹħ۱ԴģȻħ۱ԴѾħݻ٣ʣµǧ֮һˣԾŷǳɹ۵
ĥǼħѪޣѾĵĲ࣬һʣࡣ
˵ʣ²ǿʢʱڵʮ֮һҲ⣬οлֻλˣ԰ͷ˵ֵһᣬɾͲһˡ
лϰ˵ģѸٵĴ߶ս
սӿһ⣬뾭۴ΧЩڵĽɫһɡ
ЩɫڼһЩ
ϣȻɾ۵ЩǲɵĻҲ˷Ȼɢġ
սϵɫ߽ǢһӿЩɫʧȥ֧ţ㿪ʼɢ֮лսõѸٵһһ룬лսһ֡
߲֪жٵ
ϵۣȻսȡһ
лۺΪʼ˼ٵ
ǽɫĹȫ֮ڣսľȡڼţϾٶûô죬лһսжϵǿԼΪʵϵţһһλţһ߿ʼ۵ı仯
ħµļУŶںħ۱Դƶϣ֮ˣֻΪħһΪ۶ŬŲŻЩ뷨ġ
ƶϣ֮ڣô۵ܽ
Ⱦۿŵľ롣
л֮ǰܹ۲ǧڵһУ߼ܹӵľʹˣǼܹģʵľҲǧҡ
лһ㽫Բڵһж۵ףܹ׵ĵˮܹ׸߿յķ紵ƲʵƮܹرڵħޣֵж
α۵ĵ
лۿܹоһЩ˶Լĺû޵⣬֪ǳǶֳĸоֻҪʵָ֪ģܷ̾ڿӣüûκġ
ħ۱Դںϣ
ⷽ棬ͷһЩá
֮ǰлǼɵʩչۻᱻĸֲڳĸǺѸоģͨ켶Ҳδܹ֣ƾۣܹ˶ԼǷе⡣
仯۵
Ȼˣлԣĺôǡ
űлȫ¶Ϊģ
лҪһǿˡ
ֻϧսͻͻţֻܼȴǽɫЯͳͳľȡɾſԡ
лҪˡ
ôĿޣ̹ģȥĵģȥֹעƽһΡ
λ̤ǰš
˽СʱսŸħ۱ԴһҲ׵ʧˡ
лվһȫ
ʵõ˾˵
˵ûдﵽλĶ壬ҲѾӽˣǷǳĽӽл֮ǰ龧ʯЧжϣֻҪҵ龧ʯǲһλ磬Ҳܹﵽλ壬ǽɨλֵǿ
ʱھ㹻龧ʯλֻʱˡ


1855  Ŀռָһ
Ϊսͻͽﵽʮǿȣ̤ħ磬ǰвʮʱ䣬лʵӲθһأλǽߡ
лֻһ䷢ԷθĻ
ħ磬Ұˣ
ʮ첻Ӳ˵زлʲôԵħڴأѾ֧飬ʱܳ׽Ƶĵط˵л󺣵ĸо
ｫ̤۷Ŀׯ
ܵл̽һץһ޴ƾճ֣ܴص谭ֱ·ǧ׵ĵطȻһץ漴ع顣
ٿлģһɫħŲȻһż֮׵Ĵɵ
ǧ׵£˲Ϣȡ
ѾݣǱ
лڶжҲҪ£Զʮ׾ȡȴǽǧףǿǼʮĲడһսУЧϵĺá
лڴ
壬ȵѾ൱̶ȵսһ䣬ȫ澭
һʹ뿪ٳɽ
棬Ϳ̺ͱڵȴ
ƾ̺л֮ͨױںϵһ΢ӦѾлڵɽˡ
ʲôջ񣿡ȷлû֮󣬱ѯջ
лһЦȻǴգգ
ħ۱ԴĿ۾辪ϲ
ֹлЦǣħ۱ԴħΪ۶ƵĶȻǰ۾ࡣ
ôģֻ۾ɣЦ
ȻҵΪҲ൱ġлĻһ٣ŤͷǰȻû
һۣҲЩԾ
ֿͫɱģǾȻûһɱ
лѰ龧ʯأû뵽˶ţȻҪȥˡ
Ůɡ
ܿ㿴ǱľۼһһڴڵĴŴЩϸ˺ۣȫ¾˿ڣ·ܹϮһ
ҶлЦ˽ǰ
л˰ȻûһƣɵȻ㣬㾹Ȼһ˶ûС
ԣһ˶ûС˰ӽе
ҲǹĿл
ʼ磬лЦеĵҺ֪֮ͫħ۱ԴȥҲҿܻᱻ˼ҴսأǸûпںԶĵطۿ
㾫˰ӵ
лһȷȷλ磬Զ룬ܲ˵ģҲȻˣֿܵħ۱Դջĺܲһ㡣
˵㣬һ㣻˵㣬ǵСˡлνĵ˵Ųпܡ
ȻĵȻҶû£ǾڴϢһϣֱ̣龧ʯ
飬˾ܾ
˶ˣҪˣǵľ磬ʲôˣֻƤˣֻҪһϣȫָġ
Σյĵط۷״̬ܱġ
лҲûԡ
Ǳһ򣬸óҰĶ֮ģܿ켸
˴˽񣬱㶯ߺ׷׻ָ
лҲ
Ǳ㰲һϵʱˣת۱ȥˣлЩ˷ܣϾȻ޷Ŵ߶֮Χ׵ľ룬⵽ʲô͵Ϯ֮ġ
֪лһϲһĻˡ
ʩչĿȻлڳֳȻЧܹˡ
۾ȻѾﵽ˵زлϲѡ
Դ֣лĶͨЧ˱㣬Ϊָκ˶ʩչл޷̽ʲôϢ
ȻӸʦ谭
лİҪʵҪĶܹ࣬ǰ֪飬һЩıƣܵĵõô
лϲ֮࣬㽫עڡ
ڸ֣ȷڰĵٵĻָƣǵа֮õ֮󣬸ǻָٶޱȡ
а֮壬лҲ˽⣬ָҲעܿ㼯ϡ
ʱ˿̵ûڻָԼơ
ϵأ۵תϵΧƺڵı˿ܿ̽
ǰĽ̶ȣл̾۲۰
лԼͺܽڵֵزܹ֮谭Ҳл֪жϣ¾˿ۣҲûдﵽ˵زġ
Ҳܺš
ϵܣлźܴȤǰйעԽԽĲ֮ͬ
ʱһš
һСʱ֮°ϸһĨЦ⣬ĵ˵ֶ氡
˵仰ͿֵĿռָط
ռָ㸡һĨĹβлעǶһݵɫ˸ɫĹΣѸٵĸռָ
ָγһѪ档
ռָ̲ɢĹΣ͸壬ȻлоһɷǳǺȻǴڴݳģԲ
л͸ۣԼܸоƺһĲֻǺ΢
һСʱĹٶӦǸڽ
ֻſռָĲҲĸɾˣ˿ռָǹӹ壬Щ˼ҲѸٵĻָۿɼٶȣƬָ̣ˣҲõһ̶ȵ
һУлɰֹܻǶࡣ
Ҳ֪˵龧ʯǷʵġ
ҪǼٵģҲܰһˣĿռָһö
־һҲ˷ѵµһձɼˣǼһһܸˣ˵ǿٺЦ
ſռָǲõЦݡ
лһֹƺ˲õӣ˼ƺҪǷ׸Ǹˡ
ôţ⻰ôıŤ
Ҳ֪ЩʲôЦʼղޱȣƫƫ˵лҲǸɵۡ
յ龧ʯһԡƺ뵽ʲôһٶЦ
һֱֱ峿Ҳû˵ʲôмֵĶ
һԿ϶ȷûġ
лǽ䱸ӵǲãߡ
նħǿһЩߣȻܻ谵һɫڲһɳǵϢš
Ҷ׼𣿡ˬĵ
˰ӵ׼ˣ㣬һˣƺһϾͺˣѵҲа֮壿
ȻЦȻ˵滰һУǿνǾһĥѰҾԸƷѣҲҪðˣֱʹҽ龧ʯ򡣡
Ŷʲô취л
һЦй¶


1856  Ŀռָ
֮£뿪˵أصԭķ棬ǰ˽ʮľ룬һܲ۵ɽݴͣ
һСξķУҲ˼ɱڵˡ
ĿƲٴʮĸĴεѰǸħ۱Դˣһ·̲ѯʡ
ɱ۽ҲˣֵͬѰ
ȥǣȻһЩ˼У˵ۣٱ˵аȺǲ׽ټΨǸ߸񲻼Ӱ
лң̵ĴڣĸıòߣݣͫҲϳӶħħ۱Դ֮ˣȻЩ˵Уҡڵ뿪ˡ
ûУƣ˵ûҵǾ͸ǻԶطɡ
ԽԶԽá˰ֹ
ͷҲ͵ͷԣߣߡ
Ȼѱôĳ֣һӣҲûȥгǹѹϢġ
лԹһС
ҪҪʲô
а취ԽǴֱӽ龧ʯ򣬵ҵޣǱվΧ׵ķΧ֮ڡ˵
˵Ҳûԡ
ʲô£뷴׳֡
Χվ
һҪʼˣǲҪţҪ򶨡˵ŻڱעݵʱʳָһѪֵĿռָ棬ٶȻԶ㿪л۹עˡ
õһѪ֧֣ǿռָɢһĵĹâѸٵɫڣȻɫƱƸһڿռָصεţšռָһתģȻҪˣ
һ䣬ǿռָڱһɫĹû¡
ˡ
һ󷨷ű㸡˳
ҲѸٵЩűٵתɢһĹΣ˶
лҲˣ֪ǷĵĴͳȥûıԸĹע
ߣ
һڵĶ͵ӿתռָǿռָٶȱɫĹâŲڻ
һߡ֣˶һʧظС
ʧظеص㣬ݴ;ĳ̣оҲг̲һģлֻǸոոоʧشָ˫̤档
Ҳ˵εĴ;ܽԶ
ˡ
˻ܣȻ֣Ȼڵ£ĪĿռ䣬ͬһ磬ǰһߡ
л۸֪һ£׵ľ룬Ȼر
һϵľ롣
лԣ⵹ûʲôΣգȫصġ
ôŸϵҶˡЦУ߳ǰߵжʮ֮ࡣ
ģһЩ鷳㱻ܻѾˡ
ҪҪҵ˰һѣǺϲ˵ġһָδ󺺡
Ǳδ󺺿۾̰֮ɫ
ɱһߣҪˣ
ǵȻĽָӦҵģΪˣթűõġߺ
ӣɫøѿˣͲˡ
ߵˣϵġһӣɱһ
ʮ̷һ˻𣬱׺ݵɱ

Էʮ˾Ȼλĸ֣ɵɫ䣬æ
ʾֹͣϽռָˣ
㣬˵ΡѾͨռָȡϵ˼ңа֮壬ٺ٣Ǳɱˣ֪̬Ȱɡ
ҿֻɱ㣬ɱǣ׽ǡƲ
Цߣ㻹ô޴£ѵ᲻𣿡ץһơ
лķòħͷơ
ʱҲƵĿ
һǡ֣һǵһЩɽˮͼɫɫģл뵽ռָǸɫƵԵʡ
óƣĴֱʶĵˡ
ҲɵӣͲߵĶԻȻף֮ǰ˵ĸǼٵģвɸ˵Ŀġ
ɿꡣڣƱ˸ŵɫâǸָת
·ǣ㣬͸л˵ĻͳͳĴǵĿռָԶ
ö˸һİĹâ˵üķȥ
Ҫǵ꣬߼ȵ
ѣ˶ٶ
Ĵַ׷׵Ķ
л۶ǻ£ʳָսӿϣָ⣬ö±˹ȥ
ž
ָл£ǻµʱ㱬ѿ
һĹҲ֮׻޲ſһѪʧֽӳȥ
㣬㡭ŵĿл
лߵ֪ıߣǲħȥǲħ͸ئħ˵ʲô԰ˣȴ͸ǣȻǸʲôƨҪа֮ˣһ᲻СĽ䱸𡣡
㾹Ȼ֪ŵĵصĺȻʼûжҳ֣ա
գЦӵһ˵ʼǱյĿڷ˵աлЦ
ĸΪܴ޷˺ǣɡ
лǿᣬ׷׵ĺˣվлһԣһ¶ļơ
߼״ɵЦû뵽ɣȻǱˣƣռָңһָлˣа֮ҲҾ׸˵ģʱ˱Ȼôģ˵Ҹôлء
˵˷ܣһ˫۾Ķ޷ռָ˵أϾռָ󷨣ҲҪʱġ
ɱĵסҪÿռָˣע⣬ҪľѪڿռָ棬Ƚſռָָҿ
˷ģ
ڲߵλĸͬʱ֣һ
ͬΪλǰϵؽռָĵĺһ־ͱѹȵΨо
߼״ĵͷתлˣǼʵʵģȻĻҾֻܷǵΪҪǵһаǣֻҪˡ
л˭ǲǻ˶龧ʯջӵа֮ǰ
֪Це˵
л˵ͷ


1857  һ
ǵĿģлȷ֪Ϊܿ漰ħʹħһǣԲܣħԼԼҩָɣܹ䣬ԼѪԼȴ޷ģŪħĿġ
Ҳ
龧ʯûĴڡ
ǸϲľǿЩͿȥʰĿЦ
лĵȻ㲻Ը⣬ҾֻԳˡ
˵Żȥ
֪ߵغΪܻٵһ£ͿˡЦҽ£סҪġ

λͬʱڿն
ʵ൱ĲѾӽλĶ壬һ֣죬ħӿٶ̫죬Ħܵǽڶ˲ϵĵһЩʯ
л粽
㣬ͻأĳ˵м䣬֡
أأأأ
û˿γֵģͿ˵ϴ
Ĵҽжû棬ûϢ
ʵǿɲͨǰ򵥣ս̫ǿעˣһǿǳοл˷ľǳ֮󣬾֮ǰλֶͫοĴλ֡
Ҫ𣿡лƽĵ
ſЦĲߺƼһ֮ɫ֮ЦǿȻҪ
ðɣҳȫ㡣лȥ
ȻҪɱˡ
òߣȡ䣬мӡҲһ°취֮󣬻һţ취ӡġ
ߴӿռָóһơ
ǱĽڽڰ˵е
ߴЦû뵽˻Ὣƴ͸ңÿǰҪȵĵѣΪԵ޹ʵģҵɴƣһɻҳϵū
ֹе
лɻһĻǿɾЩ鷳ˣǱܻ̿Щ鷳Բɱ˳ȥ
Ѹٺˡ
ʮλ򷢳춯ص˻һеɱһսҲӣǵıҲле⣬Щ˾Ȼͬʿһ
ʮλĳ֣λҪġ
Ʒ磡
лһһƾʧʮ˵֮УʧȥĿꡣ
ٶȳȻվڲߵԣץǿơ

ŵðһžꡱһƱץˣȻһȭ׺ݵĴлĸ
һ˲䣬źɫħɢȥ
лɫ΢䣬ҲûϸһĨػ⣬ɲ߳
أ
һȭлػ棬δĳѺۣлͬϻǯӰ㣬һץס˲ߵĲӡ
ˣ
ʮλּ״ʱȥ
лһֻŲߣֶһħ
ħĳ֣˵ʱɴ۾ŵĿлͷӸָл㣬㣬ħ۱ԴֵͫǸˣҲߵħ
ÿ
лһ
һ񱩵ĵ̺޼᲻ݵصնǰһˡ
˼æ񽣵ֵ
лʵ̫ˣովٽ˶˴лһˣǿĵǰȥ
λֱɱ
ʮλĲҽҷɵȥлǰһ
лŲ߱Ůǰ
ļ俴豣ȡȥл̡߽
ѾȥˣǱƣﻹܷ
̵ͷְڲߵĶͷ档
ţлŤͷͬĴ֡
˿ۿлֵͫģֿһʮλʮˣﻹе׷׵ĺˡ
еǻɵŸʲôֲлᣬȻҪˡ
ɱλԣԵĲߣٿϵʬ˵ͬ飬˵תл
ˣٵĵѪǿռָ
лϺȵ
һȣʯһһѪڵϡ
ɱ
ߵ£λĸ񵶱˴˽棬ݺݵлĲϸײȥ
лЦҲ͵ĳײȥ
λпͬ޵еаͫĿƲٺɱ۽֣лֻаߣлΪ൱ȿܱаͫһնɱĵˣȻǸӲ
ػ⣡
ػûְ֣ͬǺ·һĴϣݺݵײ񵶣ͬʱлһ½ħ˳ȥ

صվлǰء
ײ
ػ𣬽񵶸ֵסлȻǰʹжûˡ
˫ûץ˳ȥ
أأ
лֻͬʱץס˵ĲӣһšУ˵ԴȥҲԵڵϡ
ôˡ
һǰлֱĽǰ
ƴħɱֻǰһлѾ˽ǰӦһѱץסļͷսһӿ㽫䵤ݻ٣սɢϢǽ޷ɱ
лֽĿռָժ
ָոռָɫƺһ㣬ռָڡ
꣡
ռָȻˡ
лصľĿռָȻˣҪߴһƵ춯ͷһֻѪ
ôл
û䣬ȫӡˣѾҵ˽ӡİ취Ц
лֽ˹ȥ
̽סٶ䡣
վһԣܴš
ֳʣµҲʮߵ£лһĸ֣лɨȥʮ˸оǱɱ⣬ŵȫһʮǰλֿߵʬ壬̴߶ԼϵͿһɺɫϢɢȻͷҲصıԶˡ
ǾȻǱ߿ƵģҲѹֻЧˣڲˣҲپ¡
ҲƹлӴܡ
գۼ䣬ֳֻصʬл˺ͱƵ
˵ؿռǳ֮һߣ·һ磬˴ĵطлҲż뿪
ָͷϣһĹ͸ȥȻüļʥ֮ԴһûС
֮ͷϳһɫĹ
ˣڽ˷ӡ̲ͷϸܵĺˮְüģʼȡ䡣


1858  
ȡܿˡ
óξƺȥȻʼתٵĻָҪǷӡǷǳ֮ѵģҲʥ֮ԴڷӡĿƣȻĻܽ⿪ġ
Ҳ̺ȡ
ǵħؼĻˡ

ĲҽжȻǿİط·˺εȿµ飬͸ž壬ֲŵȸָ
Ȼ£˵Ĳɵþ
£Ӧɻˡл
ҡͷҲ£ǾԼƺûãħ翪ʼһֱڱҺ̣̻ãܹ䣬ܰﵽ㣬ȴǷһ
ɵѾͷ츳Ǳصģǵõ壬δɾͣȻǾͷֻ֮ǻûгɳòãȻܹչʾԼлЦ
ţ
ͷԸ
ҲԼģֻβܿʵء
ҽڶһ˸еëȻ
ǰʮҽУʾʮһͳͳɱˣܿеڰ
ɻˡ
лۿܹ׵ķΧڣҲһɻӰԼף߰ףȥͬһСɽƶͨ嶼ƬͷЩ̬һ˫۾˸Ĺ⣬ϵ³ӣһͻ־֮С
ɻлһ˽ġ
ɻʱڵһħޣȻɳҲǳ磬Ⱥӵǣƾһսܹͨ켶λΧҲǵδĹؼоһɻɵͨ켶ֵ꣬Ǿһļʱ죬Ϊͨ켶ǿߡ
ʶɻѲ
лȴǷΪɻһУֻҪеǶȫӲӲֻӴܡ
һ˿˿֮ʼлϻ
㹻֮Ȼ۳ǱģҲ쿪ͬһźɫϢ棬۳ĵħӣ˱ϢҲлҺ̬ܹ㹻ӳ籩ǿģֻϧΪֹûлʩչ
ɻµ塣
Ϣ۳ͣЩɻѾڣмǧ֮࣬ģȳ壬ĵط˸еëȻ
ȥɡлֽ֮۵Ӱ˳ȥ
𣡡𣡡
춯صը졣
̾лΨȭͷСӰѸʹУγǱ͵ħӰ˵ѹǰ
˻˻
ɻеļʱ
л彩Ӳ۾Ǿ֮ɫƵתӴܣۿǲ嶼ȥעˡ
׷ɻ֪龧ʯڣǡڴ˿ָ̣еûָһۿǰɻӴܣٵĿڵ
ȡ˼̣֪Ȼܶࡣ
лΪ龧ʯҲģڿȻģȥɻ
ŮҲ
ͬʱһˣһ춯صɱսոսزģѾѣԭԲǧ׵Ŀռ䱻ӲճʮֹݺµĿºۼʾսļҳ̶ȡ
Ļҳ£һ˰׶
лһᾪȣ˺ȻҪɱɱ֮ˣվϹܼģߡ
Ŀ⾼񣬺Ŀգռ磬Ǵ͸㣬ǵǧ׵һ㵭λϵһĹƮɢȥ̽ܡ
ˡЩʧĵ
ߵүˣþ
˵ܹħһ֮»ȴжı֮̾һǷѾŽճδնɱԺͷ磬뿪ǽˡ
꣬Ҳδﵽͷ磬ҿûΪͷ֮𡣡˵
ˣ֮ûгɾ;ͷӦħµйأˣܹͷһ֮ɼ츳Ǳǳ˵ġ˵
ĬȻ
ǲһ߳Ϊͷܹߡ
ãӵ߰ɣǻҪ¡
ү֮£ߵ
ǲˣұʮֻڻع硣֮ɫ׿ʡ
ҲʲôǱʧӰˡ
ȥСʱ³ֱһӰƯ˳ȥЩãʵȻһꡣ
ߣ꣬Ҳ㣬а֮壬㹻һġõøӵģȻʹöϻããǼħ֮󣬵ڶ˵ˣľ޴ǿסʮսʼߺߣһع龧ʯڣֻǶһɻָʱҳͷʱ̣һɾ;ͷұɱ㣡
޺޵УҲȻʧ
龧ʯлվǾ޴龧ʯǰӦУӳľЩ龧ʯǰȫǣһۿ߼ʣҲ֪Щ龧ʯѾڶ೤ʱˣ涼ǿյģѾ˴ĵħԿȥ͸Щڰһ˸еܣЩƮƮȻġ
һŽɻʬ˳ȥл˱ȥ
ɻӣл֮һԹԴˣл˴ġ
龧ʯһٶ꣬ĵħԶЩ龧ʯھʹã˷ʱȥħ˵
лָЩ龧ʯǿֱῪʼǰ˶ͻơ
̵ãҪнߵ˵˳ȻĻȴǵĿ
ǵ˵˭л
Ҳ̣ǹע
̿ˣصа
ħȵħͷĶӣڱħħ¾֮ǰаѾǰͷľ硣
ûħУл
ļڴ˵ݺޣֻԼ֪аⱻˣ꼸ȥħŻôͨΪĹ龧ʯаһȡͨ龧ʯģħ¾ħȣа飬һ걻ȴ˽һһ꣬ҲشϾħɱħħ֮һɱħȵˣΪħڵһԱаһȻҲӴ˽٣ֻ龧ʯбħ°ָǡ֪Żָġ˵
лԣɵһü˵Ļ˵аǿ󵽰ͷ֮֮⣿Ҵ˵龧ʯǲƵƶҲѹá
̵ȷˣа취ɱ
ţлͱ趼һ
ǿǰͷꡣ


1859  
Цôҡգգۣǲ˲ħ˰ɣ
ħѹĵħꣿѿڶ
ûЦҲƣǱѹĵħǱħһΪǱǰĳͷģô˵ɱɱѵħȲµħı֪Ҳԭģа㱻ɱ𣬾ǵħΪļʾеõǹħ·ѹĵħµһЩħµǶμ䣬˵͸ħɵõħһشͣаţԽЩаŻõаĽͣõöܹƱħ齩ʬħ޵ƣöռָܹġ
ļУŹħµȷϢǾǵħϾĳͷȻδɾ;ͷսħͨħͷŽɱҲ޷ɱͬǱħģ񶾵ġ䣡
䣬Ǻǣǿа֮һһɹƽ֮˵аǾͷǾͷԵħʱҲԵֿģԱаû£ʵһ޴䣬ʥ֮Դɼ䡣
˵лͱ費ɴϲ
аȻ
ˣǰ˵ЩǼ١л
ųɾŵ档˵
лͷ˼£һǼٵģ
̵˵ħ嵱ħ𾳽ʱ򣬾ȹɶԣǼٵģħûаħǰǱħԲŻл õħƵ飬ǱѹĵħǵһмҲĲ֣Ϊ̻£ĳ̶˱㣬ΰнħʹķħʹҲģǱħȵħ侳֮ǰȥзֵġ
ô˵ѹƷȷħʹԿˡл
ǣҲȷа취֪ĽԿ״ߡ̼˵ΪǱаĺǰ󲻵ΪаΪĻ˭
л̵һǣ˵θڡ
͵͵Ŀһ۱裬첻⣬ŰлһۣشǵۣŮµЩܺ䶯飬ֻΪڲرаŵʵɱЩˣ󲿷ֶзܵġ
ΪʲôͱаأǵĿʲôѵǿħʹлɻ
ûħʹĿԿ׶ǴҪģؼһǡаħ֮壡˵аѰа֮壬Ҫͳһаħ֮ġ
֣
л°ͣɻоͷȫѼԿףȻȴͷԽٵʱȻ
Ҳ֣ҲԸеƣҲ⣬һ֪ҪŪҪӱаܹףұа֪ħʹһЩܹħĿġ˵
ţаǷǿػţлʵ
һаĻȻǲ£ĸ֣ͱȽˡ
̵ûУ˵ǱаƵҲħ壬ħڸûʲôǿߣ˵Ͳ峤֮˵Ҳʵģֿħʹ֮ţҲģ峤ְģһ峤ɱģԲŻħ壬ǵһֵ壬Ͳҿ취ƿħ壬ƾħħŮ鱨棬ǽͺˡ
òˡлЦ
鱨Ƿȱġ
緽Ļͨ˻ǣ֪һЩǵħ飬һĨڣԼ鱨
֪ĵħ飬Ǳ֪ĸ࣬һ·̽һЩħ˵˳
龧ʯΪµͨתתģ˽ʮǿȻһۿߵӣǵǰУҲ֣Щ龧ʯȻҲвͬģСһɵĵħȻҲ֮ߣڸ߼龧ʯˡ
Ȼôһһµġ
һ·ռָװˣи߼龧ʯ֮ſʼѡĽ߼龧ʯĿռָڡ
˵пռָܶ࣬Ͳߴô࣬ÿ˶һöռָҲмܹжʮöռָء
ǰ˽׵ľ룬лͣ
ʲô֣ʵ
лҵ۲׽һꡣ
а̵ͺ
ȻֻʮսʼѡлŹֵĵ
ʮսʼôܣѵ龧ʯڻ겻ɣȻļûЩ
ϾֻǱаƵ߹ѣѰа֮ˣǵõħµļ䣬֪ĻٵĿԱаסĵط֪٣Ȼʮսʼ꣬ļ䣬Ӧ֪Ļࡣ
̵ͷ˷á
ҲǱаƵСĽһЩĺáлЦȥ
һָ£лʧˡ
ٶҲŮԾ̾
ʵлٶڲϵţԽԽĪҲЩλֶҪȻʧɫġ
ȻǱӸɱıʹöϻʱʵֻʮսʵһꡣ
Ȼ˶˥ޱȣ֪Ȼǳľˡ
˭
лҪֵһ˲䣬Ӧͷȵ
лɲ֪ϻ˵ģԭǰͷģ϶ǱаƵ꣬̽ץ˹ȥ
ô꣬䡣
ˢ
лһץȻһƮ㿪ˡ
ţССʮսʾȻܶ㿪ҵ͵ϮлȻ
ССʮսʣ
һը˷ΣǱʹöϻݵлڴţȷǶ֣һΣߡ

лһӣһʱֱ㸡ͷϷ
Ҫ˵лڵľ磬ǾλܶסһЩʱģҪʵԶԶѷɫģǿɾûʱƵģ붨ãܶá
ƴĴ߶ȴ޼¡
תǰлЦеĵһʮսҲƽⷨӣ˵ˡգ̺սսǰǾʵһСһ㻹ʵʵİɡ
Сһ
Ļðɣʱ֣ȴ޼ƿʩżġ
ûã̺ͱϵˡ
̣ļ䣬алֵ
Ů첽ǰ
תĶ棬ֱҪȥ䣬һ꣬ʱеа
аˣ
лͱͬʱһȫ䱸
ͷıаԵ䣬һаͻȻ֣ԾΣյģлǴ߶֮ӿʶС
˵Ǳа̿˽ŵӣ̲סЦȻһָǵꡣ
ʲôǱалȻôܣаֻʮսʵľ𣿡
̵Ҳ֪ô£еıаûдǱаŪ
лͷпܣļɣô顣
̵ͷ㿪ʼļ䡣


1860  ġ
ʮսʸֵļɣûκμӡֻǷַӵʱ䣬ȫ䡣
ɫ쳣Ź֡
ʲôջ񡣡лʵ
̵ȷǱа
лͱ費ŵĿ꣬ȻǺպıаħɱ¾дǰͷıа
һ㡣
ű㿴ڵʱһԹ޵һӰڣǺȻ䡣
Ǳа
һѾӹɡ
ܹ䣬ǱеޱȱıаʱɫԾΪͷ֮ҲԲģ÷顣
аƵķ
ô£Ϊλ䵽˵زһʮսʵıаԿǰɡл
аѾ˲һɾ;ͷĵزͨߣ⻹һЩƵ˲ϵѼа֮ˣҪһаħ֮壬Ȼһٳͷ磬ɾڲǰа˸龧ʯ˵ĿлǸȥģҪ͸ɱӡ
лüëһ
̵ûֻб㽫һΪͷıаļɥΪʩչϻֻʮսʼˣҪعϳһʱܹ»ָ
ˣ
лһҺ
еವֱð
һɾ;ͷıаоʹɱļɥʲôʵѲǾͷ
Ǿͷ˭Ϊλɱܲ׼Ҿͷɣ׼ҾͷΪҪԼɱСأ
벻ףʵ벻ͨ
а֪ӵݣл
ҡͷ֪֪ĻҲᱻȥˣӷǳġ
Ϊû׷Ѱлʵ
ѾʩչֶΣϳûзҲǾʩչϻ֮󣬱ýԼڸֱ뿪Żعġ˵
лɨһ۱аϼ޻
̼˵ȡļ䣬ջĺܶࡣ˵Ż̽һ°ڱа档
ڱаڷһӰȻ
䱬

ݵʹྐྵȻñаʮսʵȻлʱ֣Ƿ˳ܵʹࡣ
ʹĲҽţаҲѸٵڣһʧ
Ƭ̣а㳹׵ɢ
Ӵ˱ħһ׶Ͼ
ʲôջ񡣡лŮȥ
Ѿûбавɾֻˡ
ߣռ龧ʯ
ռˣЩǴƷ˵
ָЩ龧ʯƷЩ棬Ǳͨ龧ʯҪ߼һö൱ʮͨ龧ʯء
Цڱаϳڣκһö龧ʯ龧ʯһٱЧһöƷ龧ʯ龧ʯ۳ģҲǱаһڻָڡ
ðɣЩɱ֪ȻǻġЦ
˲ɵöЦ
Ƕԣ龧ʯȻʲôϡȱĶˡ
һ·֮ϣ̱㿪ʼ˵ȡıаļ䣬аܹȫԼͱħµʮǰһħʱһħʹħµĶ䳹׽Ըгɾ;ͷĻᣬǱаҲ˴ۣǾǵʱһĴħʹħµܹƾͷֵֶΡ
˵аħƣл㵵
û̵ͷǺʹħһǰ뵽Ȼһδͷɡ
лû뵽û뵽Ȼôһ֡
ʵȻаħƣΪֻأѵǱаҪǿƣ
ܽģǽħģҪֻһ취Խͷ̽͵֮ԺǴħָĿľΪöħʹԿףħʹҪ취һԿףһаħ֮壬Կħʧ֮󣬱㱻ʱϷˣ繥ݵħ磬Կ׳֣õһԿףħ뿪ħ˼֮ǰñаźϵıȡǰԿ׵ģ廹֪Ǳаˡ
лҲѹ֣аǱħµģħһħµģ˭뵽к
̵ȷģ֮ħ˼磬廹Ϊħħһ׾أҲû뵽ģоǣħʹаħ֮壬Կ֮⣬һ˵飬ǾǱаͷϼĵħ֮˽ħʹſԣȻĻͻ۳ħµػħκξͷҪ־ģȻͷҲûģֻܺ͵ħ֮˺аô
Ȼл뵽ħҲףµãȷǳܶԿģϾħɱͷҲ練Ƶġ
ħ֮пΪħеľͷħɱ˼
ǹڴħҪǴݻħʹڵһ£а֪
֪̫󷨵Ҳ֪ݻ֮󣬻ʲôĿġü𣬳аһƲ⣬ԼҲƲֻɵġ
ʲôƲ⣿лʵ
̵ݱаƲ⣬繥ݵħ磬Ǵħħͷģ˵ĿҪõħһٴﵽ۷ʱڣ˼翹⣬ǿһЩؼǸ棬ҲԼһƶϣԼò˼飬õʾƺֻôһͲźĶ˵ͨ
ħħɽͷ繥ƿصĵħ磿
ĿҪħһԾ۷壬ܹǿ˼
ݻһؼĻڣ
⿴ƻĵлȴһָоģҪһҪ˵ԭ򣬾Ǵħħᡣ
ħһ˵Ψһʱͷһ˷˰ɡ
֪ħǰȥ˼Ŀʲô𣿡л
֪̻Ӧħ˼ĿģһǶһʱڣһֱڷѰҴħһ˼ħµĶҪȥȡ
ǽУȻаϳ
аϳ龧ʯһ
⹬龧ʯǸ߼龧ʯ統ʹõ龧ʯͨһ֣ÿһ߼龧ʯͨ龧ʯһٱЧá˵
лզ⹬ٶȿ쵽ĵز
Цǽͨ龧ʯĶʮ
ʮٶȰлĶˣܹٶȣٶȣ𾳽һһȴǿԽˣп̵ʱڲϵͻƣߵľء
л⹬Ҫ⹬ߣ


1861  ѹһ
ʱڸ߼龧ʯĹлţһ޶ȵǿʵʮڳɾ;ͷ֮𣬶롣
Դ˹Ҫˡ
뷨Ǳа뷨ɲϣܹΪͷģĻȻǱħƣȻǲĵģĿǷǳģҪΪͷ֮ϵĴڣұаҲǽʮͷ֮ģ˵ţҲǵħǰǱİͷܹΪ츳ǱˣԱħŻѰʱıΪԽͷ࣬ΪβɥʱżУձռʮֲȱȫľͷ壬Ȼ̶ͨ۶ȫµ壬аһļʿԽͷģʶ⹬Яʱָٶȵġ̽͵
лڴĵд⹬İ취
˻ȵĿע£̵Уڹ棬ĺö࣬ΨһǷȱľûսʼ
ΪλѵûռлȻ
˵ͨ켶ûУսʼȻԾͷ˵ûʲôãҲһûаɡ
ǵҪͨսʼȥˣЩƵĳˣ߼ģҲֻħ뿪ǰˡ˵
ǹֿġл
̵лбħµһöռָڱаļУħ͸öռָҪΪͷ֮俪ģаӦΪرħԣʼδ򿪣ܻҲһ
˵䣬龧ʯǰ
ȴ龧ʯɵģνǼ˵ݳޣһȴţΪ֮ġ
⹬баõģƽ֮ȻըģǾͷǿ߶ܱɱġ˵
лͱһ
ձа䣬Ȼ˿
ǾͿڵϣʼ߶ȫսͬʱһηǳ
Сʱ̸ĵͨ嶼ˮʪ͸ճ˵ߣɫЩ԰ףŽ˫ֱŸƣһһ˫һ״СƳͣȴ档
֨֨
ȴһ˸ţȻ󻺻ؿ
һŨĵħǳĴӹ̵壬һĵսָ
лվԭأſģȫɡ
˶Ĵħ壬Ӳλһ־ĸо⻹ֻɢĵħٶȣл˯ŶЦѹ
̣ˡ
ûµġ΢һָ˼
Ǳ빬ڡ
۾滨ݣɢŵķҷҲ£ǵħŨҲﵽ˳ԾĵزȴҲ֮رա
Щ龧ʯ̶ɵģлָЩݡ
ǣһиֻݵʵҲǸ߼龧ʯܹϵĴħȻﵽһ֮󣬾ͻԶͷų⹬ڵĵħӵŨ񡣡̽͵
лԲп
̵֮£Ǵùң㵽Ǳаĵط
һ൱Ի͵ĵá
ö龧ʯģеĵħŨȳԽǰıȸߣлɣһа壬ôھеħͨʮңħ̫ħҲˡ
ûʲôΰ裬յڣֻһ޴󷨡
ȻҲ龧ʯɵġ
󷨾Ǳħоʮųɹģר󷨣Ϊ˷ֹΪã󷨱ǱħһѪܹģ޷ʹõġЩϧĵȻĻһʱ䶼ܳλ磬۷徳ء
лʼ磬Щ˶龧ʯѾ㹻ˡ
ò󷨣Ҳʹٶȴﵽ޵ġߵλãְڵϣѩ׵ɢһȻƻ̧
Լһƽ׵ķΧڣˮһĵš
̧ö龧ʯ˳
龧ʯһлͱʱеڵĵħŨȱܵ龧ʯҲõ龧ʯϵضţŲ̺ŵĴĵħӿ
龧ʯ۶ɵļƷ龧ʯǱΪ󷨵ĹؼһȡȻ󹬵е龧ʯͷų洢ŵĵħ˵ھѵʱ
ŨĵħȷлЩĳ嶯
аµıȶ񰡡лЦ
Цҡҡͷ
лȻû֮⣬ûĶɣ
Уһ٣ϾǱħµĶǶħȡˡ˵㲻Ϊħֻȡսʼɡ
ħ湻ݵġлҪˡ
ħȿоͷͷģµĶȻǷǳ֮ġ
ȴȡˡ
ϸҲûʲôܵģʴħ׷Ĳò˼磬ʲôȻҪһЩˣȻаıؾͱӶһˣȡȻܴĶΪٶŬοаѾǰͷΪͷֻһ֮ңʲôսʼ֮Ķл˵ıԱаԣ壬Ҳ˷ѣҴħδ龧ʯȻҲñаŭ
֪ħ౦϶ûթһЩˡлˬĵ
Цħõ˺ܶ࣬ǱаȴûбߣһöƷ龧ʯǵĺôҵȻǣһöռָˡ˵ŻǵٶһöռָǱħаģ浽ʲôа֪ȻǱħͷµģǸԼӣӦŷǳõĶ
ָڿнƣл
УǶǿұаļǣǱħµĽƣöƱЯһֽƣô꣬Ѿһٶ౶൱λơ˵
лӹռָһЩͼƣƺͼظһ£ƣþ籩⿪
̼֮Һ̬л߶ľ籩ǿλ
ɣ̼æֹռָǱħżеõģܹǳǿĹǿ»Ὣռָݻٵģħ˿ԽƲ˿ռָİ취ǵޣΪλ֮ٶֽƣֻǱаҲ֣ħΪʲôҪΪͷܿѲ滹ʲôܣ
лǾڴλ


1862  λ
ռָʾлڴҪ֪浽ʲôĲ˵ħñаһҪھͷ֮ܿͱȻԭġ
ŨĵħҲлġ
λ磬Բλᡣ
öƷ龧ʯлҲû˶Ȥ֪ǵİȳɾλ˵ɡ
ʼȫ
Ů״Ҳûţ׷лҲʼޣһֱʮսʼߵħ磬̫ΣˣҲлٰȻҪһٳ𾳽ˡ
˿ޣʱ龧ʯڵĵħӿ
ĵħĴ˷ӿл澭ڣȻڵλãдתΪս̲ϵظš
ŮҲˡ
ʱȻš
ʮʱôȥˣڣлôţľһ˿һɹɵĵħĲһۿɼлӿ޷ԶƮţȥЩͣƽ͵ݣǳӲŻһΣĹ֣ʵı֡
ħܴлĹ̾ͼ࣬תΪսҲܶ࣬ȻɢĵħĲͺˡ
ЩνĲڱ˵ǿǾƷˡ
սֻ߱ҪĵħȾԶԶлҪôߡ
лڼĵħͳͳıŮգ˵õлĵħȫԽֱ֮ɣʶǵٶҲǷǳľˣʮʱ䣬ŮȺﵽʮս壬׷𾳽緢ҵĳ
ˣ
ʵԭѷлọ̃ȴȴﵽͻƵٽ㣬Ҳʾǿ̣һġ
һӱΧ
Ǽ֮ƮɢЩħΪģγһСУ˻
СԽԽ࣬ʮһʱ䣬ﵽһٶ
Щħ۶ɵСлű費ϵתҲϵؽΧĵħУʹڵĵħԶ滹ҪŨĶࡣ
ǿƱȻһ
֮ƺܵĳǣȻתһ޴УУЩСǱ㱻ͳͳ档
ǿתսõ˻ĵħ룬һӴﵽ˼ޡ
䣡
ȻһɹɵĵħƵӿȥΪһӷ˼
˫ĿıȻ۾һĨ˸
߾
˫һһŵɢȥǹ𶯵ǿȣǽλı֡
Ҳͻ֮ĵ죬λ硣
ŮԼͬ뿪á
ûǵħл˵ٶȻģǱ㵽棬ȹ̾硣
ֹȥ졣
Ѿȹ̾ı˵ȻһǿǵĺͷųѸٵıأŮһֱĸо
ͻˣ辪ϲ
Ůһۣͬʱõƿ
ֻڶߵı⣬лսתһǿֲսۻ̶ȣŮսĽʮ
Ҳ֪ǷսԵʣлڷٵ۳һĺȥͬһ޴ıˣսҲǺ档
ˢ
л۾
Ůʶһۣһ˲䣬л۾޷ӣ绹Ҫ۰ٱ
ƣ
һȴл΢΢һ

ʼѣѸٵڡ
ܿ죬ڵı㶼ʧˣлҲ𣬹Цλ
ӵλʵлսɨλĸ֡
ŮҲϲ߹ȥ
Ҳ𾳽ˡлŮľ硣
ԺǷඡЦ
𾳽磬֣ϵħǿߣ𾳽ȻߵģϾʮսʿʼÿһ磬Ƿǳѵġ
ƾŮսͨλָǵĶ֡
ҵıôǷлŮ§뻳Уÿһ£ǲǸýöռָĽˡ
ŮҲȲˡ
ռָ̫ˡ
˻£ռָλá
̣ν⿪ơл
㽫ңץסлƣöռָϷҪƣҪսںϲſ
ӦǱ˴˿һۣ׶Է˼ˡ
л߶ȫս
սޱȣл£ԹԵ̵ľڣɢ亮Ҳƣڸ̴ĺ
ںս
սﵽһ壬̿ڵڣʼҲȫˡ
ԾΪʩչġ
Ծȴﵽһе֮лҺ̬ӳˣҲ𾳽ľȻǱѰˡ
̿мٵֻ۾ҲɣһŨѸٵĻ̵棬ȻȻ߶ǵڵսһӿ֮ϡ
ݣ
ڴһɿ񱩵һӱǿռָ档
ռָһ
֪꣬ͷ𶯣ռָܹҲǵʱѵĵز
ž
սϵ֮£ռָĽƱ㱻ˡ
лͱ̡
һЩƣһ㵹ڱĻУĵȿ龧ʯء
óξƸ£лͱָ
ûã̱ٶˡ
Žע·ڿռָ棬лѿռָĶͳͳó
еƷܹ
һѽһᣬһ͵ɢŵ鶯Ϣɫ
㶫Щʧ
лЦħ¸ԼĶӣͨɫ˵Ż㽫ǰѽֱеһ˿أѽƺܲδʣһɷ֮⣬Ӧͨ콣δǰ״̬սʼ񽣡
һףһѶ̽
ûʲôϡĵطֻͨǱͨʽһ󣬽ʿȥܹӣɢŵķ֮⣬ʾ͸ɢġ
һЩƲͼתţֵĵطۼлץסһɺ⴫ȴûսʼеҪ֪սʼģЩǷ޻꣬ѱģҪõϿɣóǿʵſԡ
ˢ
л񽣳
һĨӽϴݳһɭĽһڵһʮףһ׵Ĺ֣ͬһˮ㡣
÷Ľɱʦͨ콣սʽʱֹһѵͨ켶ףɻĵ
ҲǾ̾ѡ
˽֮ԱսʼǽҪҲֹһ㡣
лһ仰Ůɵˡ
˵ѽû飡


1863  ޻һ
û񽣡
Ҫ˵Ŀɿڴл¹鼮ˣЩš
սʼ񽣵Ĺؼ
Ψڣܽȫӳ˵̵ǽûĻ»һȵģÿʹǽ޷֤ģս˵һ˿Ĵ󶼿ģο˴ࡣ
Դӳʣʼձһ̶ȵķâû˿ı仯Ҳȷûս񲻶˵
лֽ񽣹ʡ
ֽǿɢ鶯ϢҲûκεͼȥһͨõҲûзʲôرܹ֮Զɢ鶯ϢԵеڲͬ
ҲǸֵĶлЦŰս
Ҫɣս̫ˣܻ𻵵ġ˵
л׻ٻⶫҲûɶˡָһʯϱ㴫һ춯Ȼܼͣһɽһ׵ʯ鵯ġ
ɴ֤лս
ֻһ˿ѡ
ʯ޷Ӧ
л״𲽵ļӴս鷢ˣԴӵõئħս֮սѾǵǿôˣı
˵ͨı壬ǼκαԵĸֶлսͫεĶֱܹ֪֮жôĿ£ĿǰΪֹлıսЯġ
ʯɵսԽԽ࣬䱾ȴû˿ı仯
ȥǰĹȻɢ鶯ϢһĨĹδ治ϵɢ
ˣ
лʯӦ߳ɡ
߳ɣ
ͬʱе
Ҫ֪лڿλľ磬߳ɵǵֵͫǿʯȻܹҺ޷Ӧ
սϵӡ
ܿ죬лȫ
ʯǰ仯ûУֻɢŵ鶯Ϣǰսӿ룬˵ͷǳˣôСȴ
ǵȷ͹ˣܹħӦʱŴĶȻŷǷ֮л˵
̵ҪҪþ̽һ£
лҡͷûõģ۸Ӧʲôû֣ȷ൱Ĳ㽫ʯּһ¡
飬졣
ʯս޷Ӧ졣
أ
沢ûʲô֮ģлһȻʧЦǱħаġ
дЩʲôʵ
ݿһ飬лѹ֣ѹ֣ԭ
лһ£˵ʲô
ŶħһЩݣ˵ռָżеõģżǿħޣȻͷûУǰͷǳ֮֮࣬£ҲǾһĿռָ˵öռָһˣµģĶҲһЩȡˣֻѽл˵
ʯأ̵
лһǣ˵ꡣһ£˵ѽ褵İ֮Ҳʱݵλ񽣣ͨ켶񽣣ΪλʧħҲ֪õʱģõռָ֮󣬱ˣǡħսͷʮͷ
˻
Ůԣһ
ͷʮͷʵ˵ͷ޵Уͷܴ󣬿ʮͷֵĻܹɵһͷģҪʮͷ൱ͷ˵ħһ˴սͷˡ

ħʤл˵𰸣ԼҲУħжôǿͬΪͷսѾﵽ˾׵ĵزԽľͷԶԶƲ󣬡ħʤҲ൱Ĵۣ֮һսȻΪ
ץǿʯ
۵Сһӱ
ܹħᣬοǷƷܱĻҪصĶࡣ
ħ֪ħ㲻֣ȻǡڲԶ̰֮£ʯ뿪֮ħȻʩչ֮ӲǱһʯǱħħ¾ħȵԭνħħҪɱħвԼһЩ²⣬ħµĲԭ򣬶ħҲ֪Լһףħˣʯļֵ֪˱аħ˭ʯҳʶⶣаﵽͷܿռָõʯڿݣаͿǰ׼Ӧħˡл˵
ʯǵõħ̾е
лҡҡͷģħѾʧˣʧ٣˵Щνľͷǣһ˭ţ˭ֵħ磿ǲ𡣡
̵ǵҲǡ
лʯⶫɣҲ֪˵ûʲôô㽫ʯᣬ̣ȡаļ䣬йھвȡʲôĶ
ҡҡͷ
ǲʲôٵĻҲֳлָһһɫھ档
£
ܿ㱻ճ˻ҽûʲô֡
лǰ񽣣ʥͨ콣ȻûˣɾԣҲ׼ͨ켶񽣣ȴͨ켶καɱ⡣
ʱɡ˵֮ǰһֱõڸΪý϶Ӳ˻ɵġ
лЦҡҡͷ˵õѾϰˣٸýţһЩ֣뱻˵һ¸ͷעģһˣ褵ͨ񽣣û飬Ծɿ˵ģǲ·
Ʋܾܲô˷Ѱɡ
ȻᣬҪһЩſԣҲΪ褵ʧȥ飬ûĶл
˵µĳЩ̵
лҲֻҵƲ⣬һԿ϶ѽ淽褲֪꣬һЩ壬Ȼһļ¼ƽ⣬˵дġ
»ٵһлҲС
öռָҲˡ
Դʲôǵģգлȹ̾磬ǲ뿪
֮ǰȻͨаµط龧ʯռָڣڽöƷ龧ʯˣһһö
Ʒ龧ʯãҲ֪ˣǾ޵ʹãʯǰ㣬һʹãͻò˼ξͻᱨϣбǣ⼫Ʒ龧ʯصĵħ޵ģʱ򣬿ֱͨɵħħƷ龧ʯԶҲ赢ʱ䣬˵һöƷ龧ʯ㲻Ҫ龧ʯˡ
뿪ħȣǾֱǣĿĵ޻


1864  ޻󡾶
޻һĵطսʼٷ֮ʮŵĶ޻Ϊģսʼӿ֣޻ĳ֣һսʼˣҲ𣬹ʶ޻þͻֳ
лѡǰȥ޻󣬾Ϊǰѷ褵ʥ񽣿ǵġ
û飬չǸ⣬޷á
оǣʥ񽣵ǷҲ֪Ļھоǿܳ飬жǷָܹΪͨ켶񽣵
޻ġ
лʱҲرĶࡣ
ӵսʼսʼϾ̫ϡ٣ʶѾʼ뵽ڰİ취һɹͻἤһѷɫͨսʼʶΪ׼սʼֻĻսʱ򣬺ʧ飬޻ʮ¡ġ
޻߲֮ߡ
ݼģÿһ޻궼Ϊ飬ҲǸвͬһȻͼġ
л˽޻󣬾Ϳһ͸ĹĻֶ޻꣬Ǹ̬Уʵ͵Ҳһսʼħ޵޻꣬ߵҲսʵ޻꣬Դлֱӡ
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ͬлҲеһ˿𺳡
βħ꣬޻꿴ȥʵʾ겢ûܵʲôˣֻ޻һĽɫ⻷ţǽڱߡ
βħֻҪɴﵽλ磬βħһеߣɴﳤ磬ʵ˵βħȺӵģܹģǶʮֻһŵģұȻһβħڣһֻβħ꼸ɶ϶Ȼβħڡ
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޻Ȼ˾ֵˡ
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һĹעħ޻ʱһдӲԶ
˾һǱһĨ⡣
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ħǡǡǱ񵶵飬ȴǼΪ˽սʼĻħ꣬ƷܸߣʶǸ߼սʼģܹ滻һħϵ飬ô񵶱ȻܹﵽƷսʼĵز
ֻǻħ̫ϡˣ˼δټ
ǰ¥˼ۼˣжʮˣÿ˵жһ˿̰֮ɫ
лվȺ棬Ŀơ
˻ħϲûĽ𻷴ڣֵͨɫĹΣЩſڵϣţ·ʱҪ˯һڱǰעҲûд޻ǰצ
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лҲЩȣħзǳ߼ģ˵ѪȣҪѷɫĶ࣬Ƕħһɹ˵ͨ켶Ҳʮڽܻ
ֵĻǶħʱĶħһ˲ӵеģνһЩʩչĶħ䣬ǶǸݶħݻһЩСˣĶħʮǧﶼֹ
λҪɣȷ˶ħ䣬ˣҲᱻ¥ˡǷҸֶ˵ľƺܣĽܵ
ħǿҲ𾳽ħްˣжħ䣬Ѳɻܷ¥˵
ЦǣλҪţħɲһĺá
ʱ˴Цû˶ħ䣿
̫ã⵽ʡһָħ꣬ǿʵġ
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һɵһĵ
ͨͨ켶
ҿľ徳磬ǿԱ֤Ѿǳʵ
лȻҲħʵʵǾѾȻͨ켶ġ
Ļħֻ𾳽ˣȻͨ켶ġ
Ҫ˵ãǲŹˡ
Ҳȷù͸ˣȻ˶ħ䡣
˶ħ䣬ǷֻܽĶħչ޷׽ܷ¥ͨ켶޻꣬λ֪ɣͨսʼͨ켶޻꣬ôȻܹսʼܸƷʣпܳΪ׼ͨ켶ˣܷ˵
׼ͨ켶ѵӿֵ׼սʼ׼ͨ켶ַŪģ˾ȵĵ
˵ȻƷʴﵽսʼͨ켶ףȻҪ鷽ˡ
ʼڱħ龧ʯڵлҲ鱨֪ĺ٣ֳΪʵս𽥵ļ٣֮˺ƽԽԽ羫ײںϣķչȻʼƶʱĿٷչˡ
׼սʼ׼ͨ켶
û˵ġ
ҲδӦŸոճ͵ġ
ͨ켶ħޣǿǽ޵еĴڣ˵ãҪһ棬ǷǳģħҲǵùҼײġħһ龧ʯԵۣõ޷ħ䣬ҲҪ𾳽޻ǿĶ࣬ǽҽħ䣬Ǿͽӵͨ켶޻ˡ


1865  ͷǱľӢǡһ
ͨ켶޻ȷˡ
ֻǶħ䣬ȴЩԥ
һ龧ʯɲСĿ龧ʯΪֵĻңʱ䲻ȻҷĲࡣ
лҲ޻꣬Ҳʮµӣħ¥һ߼ˡ
Χ£˺ܶ࣬ǳֵȴûС
˼ΣӦɵȤȱȱҲЩ޾ˣΣлҪۡ
ҩָѪе䣬û취ģ䣬ƺûܹ˵ģħǿҩָδûһգȻðŷգлʲôȱ٣Ψǲȱ龧ʯҪж١
һ龧ʯҪˣ
ʱ˿ˡ
˷׷׻ͷȥֻһȥԼʮҵ˹̸оһɵ¶ƾ˽ʮȣº͵Цݣ崺ĸо
ǿķ˹үǷ˿ӣȷĵ
һЦ˵Ҿǿķ˹ôǳ޻꣬Ҫѯҵݲɣ
ķ˹үˡһϽǷˣȴͼūͰˣҵˡ
ӳǿķ˹֮Χ˵ʱ
˶Կķ˹ָָ㣬η֮ɫҲ¶ͽӡ
лֺİ
̣֪ķ˹˭𣿡лʵ
ļУ˿һһٮٮߣҷаȺ߸ʹĿƲٵ˶֣˵Ǳ֮󣬾˵Ǽ֮ϣΪֻλʱȴ̵ģ˵Ƕʮſʼֻʮʱ䣬ﵽľ磬Щӳʼͱرȣʱν綼պģи˵ķ˹δħлܵ
ʮ꣬λ磬лҲ൱
ǰλķ˹ԸǿлѾλĶ壬лҲǸոսλˡ
ȻҲ޷˵ķ˹ǿϾˣֳǱȻͨ켶̵ֵģлƾԼһ·߹ģ˿˵ǲ¡
Ҫڵħ罨һǵ鱨ˣĶ޷գ̫ˡл
Цİɣ뿪޻ұֿħ壬ЩУǿ鱨Ϊģʱǵ鱨Ӧû׼ʱġ
ţ½ˡл
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ħ꣬Ҫˡ
ڵĻħ̫ͼˣޣӵħΪ飬սԣȻܹң϶߱սԺɨλĸ֡
ҳһһʮ龧ʯлҲۡ
޻һңǰձ۳ۣжңȻǼ۸ߵá
һڣʱ۵˶˶ͷ
ǿķ˹ҲȻĿлƺû뵽һ
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ķ˹ȻһЦչذǣ˵ҿķ˹ˣ
˰ϲǣǣǣ֪ķ˹үǷҪأ
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򡣡лһ߱ʮ
˼۸ʱܵľС
龧ʯĿǰƿΨЩ˲ſܾ߱ģǶ峤δܹĵ龧ʯġ
˲ɵöлݲ˻ɡ
ʮ򡣡ķ˹üëҲ׾һ
򡣡лɫļӼۡ
ķ˹ҲɵĻͷлüܶ龧ʯҲͷ֮󣬲֪λ
лȻһЦ˭ҪҪħŷǳҪá
ķ˹ҲзǳҪã֪¿ɷøңҿķ˹Ƿһ飬
һ飬Ҫʲô˵顣
ͨľͷˣҲԼ֮򣬵ǿķ˹ͬ幫ϵһһˣȻ˵һǿߵģǱȫ֮ҪɾͷĳǱɡ
һ֣Ǽͬ顣
˵龧ʯ¾ǧ龧ʯҲ˷ǰȡġ
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ǿķ˹Ҳһû뵽лȻܾʼδģϾĻ壬ͷӵġ
֪Ҫ޻ã飿ƺҲúǿɣ˵жħ䣬а취𣿡ķ˹
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ķ˹ĵз
ǺǣɣҲܽħ䡣лЦǺǵĵ
һ£ڳ֮˶ɵˣҲΪ˷񾺼ˣУħͨ켶ģħڵġ
ĻħҲɵô˾۷⣬ˣ˲ѻеľϲ֮ɫ
ΪҲжħǿĶࡣ
鲢ģǻԵɺϣݣָȻ¸ģȻʺСܱûǿɡ
һҪˣķ˹䡣
л׽˺º͵Ŀķ˹˸һĨɭɱ⣬ЦҿеĶûеòġ
ҲֳǿƣӸһֱоͷĸо
İ龧ʯķ˹ٴμӼۡ
򣡡лЦеĵ
ƾ龧ʯ˵Χ֮Ŀɿڴǿķ˹ҲɵˣУҲֻǿİˣڼǵҲ޷һô龧ʯϾҪͨġ
ķ˹˸âл˭
ҪˣжͫҲԿҵĿлѾ㳶һϻƤˣĲ˵ֱ׳龧ʯǱûӴ֧֣ȻᱻٵģǸɴ͵ԼǱĿ˾ͻ뵽ĳͷĺˣ»кôģ뿪޻̰ıò֮ǰ˸ҹȻֵġ
׼ˣķ˹һѿ˵
лҲһ£ôͱ϶׼ء
лı飬ķ˹϶ԼĲ²⣬ߵ׼ҾӰΨһԽıһģַǾͷ޷ʶƣ֪׼ƺ׼Ҿͷһͷ֮⣬δ޳ɹ¾Ȼˣ˿Ҳ׼ȫˡ
Ӱ
Ծлû˵ġ
ħ鱨Ѽ˸ǿҵĳ嶯Щ֪ĶĲ
ƺײ׼дֶΣԼð仹ǿԣԵģȻж鷳


1866  ͷǱľӢǡ
ðԣǶ׼ֻһ֪⣬ȴҲױлǾҪ⣬ñʶơ
лȻһЦ˵˭֪ҲûȤһָħ꣬龧ʯûбҸ߼۵ˣҵˡ
˶˿ķ˹
ҲΨˡ
ҷķ˹εĵǱˣвһ϶л׼ˣӰ׼ҷǷ֮Ȼˡ
˼״ֻħлˡ
лͽ龧ʯ
˿л۶գһµó龧ʯһ۾ĽѣҲ֪޷ħ䣬ħֵ龧ʯǽ˶ħ䣬ôħļֵǧ龧ʯҲ
л㽫ħ
ħ䣬ɲܱ˿ģҩָϵ£һݵģΨл޳ɵģ⵹˵ļ˽ҩָģҩָһģ֪ģ෽Ҳ̵ֻȼ˰ˡ
¥תһȦջǱֱ¥
¥ڽǧ龧ʯ˲ŵԽ롣
սͿķ˹ЦеĿ
ڵңл
ķ˹ǡ
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ˣȻͬ磬ҲǱԴˡķ˹˵ħȷŷǳҪãǸ͸ҵĻԸô½
лע⵽ķ˹ϻһһɫ磬ûκεͼһ˿˿ʾǷƷ
ǣл
磡ķ˹
磿û˵лԴ˲֪ɿķ˹ӣȴ϶Լ֪ģô˵Ǻ£ƫƫ֪ͻ˻ݡ

̸олΪ֮װȵӣһС
λҲ֪ļֵɡķ˹Ц
Ȼ֪ǰʱ֮װɲ֣˵װ嶼ͨ켶װκһۼֵǾ׼ͨ켶ģĹЧܹۼ׵羫ܹмǿķԸգм֮׵Ļͨ緢ӳӼ֮׵ǹϵر֮һ˵
˵ȻǶл˵ġ
ˣлҲ֪ļֵˣҲ¶ڣһ¶֪ûʲôķ˹ûлħ꣬ó龧ʯġ
֪ļֵлҲ𺳲ѡ
ļֵǱȻħ껹ҪǿĶ࣬Ͼ׼ͨ켶ģܹҵװϳͨ켶װˡ
лЩĶԵġ
վһԵıһлҪͬ⽻Ȼħúܴ󣬿лԸԼĶ
лҡͷ
һһᣬиһĨ⣬һҸźУҲҪģ
̶ЩĽĿ裬һ˶һŮǷģʱܿˡ
²ǿǣķ˹⡣
ǡлƽĵ
ķ˹ЩʧĵǺðɣǸҪĻȥС磬ʧ֮ɫ뿪ˡ
߿̴һ˵

ָű㷢лЦˣħ̫𼶵Ķǧѷģͨ켶ĸǰѵóһֻȻˣȻԷŹοԺ⣬ΨлħſΪ飬Ҿ͸ӲܷŹˡ
κһ飬޻ȡǱȴܵ˼ƣΨлħſԣΪлֽ̹õĽǣӦʱ˵ı֮ˣҲõġ
ǿϧˡ
ҿδءлһ˿Ц
һȥ
лȥҹġ
ôħꣿɫһ䡣
Ӧûģð׼ҵݣԻħ־ڱصãǰĿţ֪׼ֵ֮Զ߹ħرǰҷеĲʺɱ⣬ħȻǷпǡлЦеĵ˵˼Ҫ˫ַ磬ǸﻹҪȥأ
̼صķ˹幫ϵδͷҲȫģܹ磬Ȼǻдء
ӣ·Ѿķ˹ɱӶı
лҲȻʧЦ

Ǳ¥ι˵¥޻ǳ޻꣬޻ĻǱȻǸ߼սʼˣǷǳġ
лһ·߹ȴȤȱȱ
ǰʥ񽣣˵޻꣬ͨ켶ҲҪͨλϵĲܹҪ󣬱Ͼͨ켶ͨ켶֪Ҳֻ񵶺ͨ콣ľҲֻͨ켶ģԾҪͨ켶ѷɫһЩġ
ǲ鿴ɫ޻ʱɭɱ⴫
ɱⲢǵġ
¥Ƶӣܳ޻࣬ÿһ޻˴˼ʮףԭǵ˳ħޣзǷǿĽܹ뵽취˴˵Ľߵġ
ɱȵľͷ
Ǵ
лҲӿ첽ȥͬʱҲڹע޻꣬ȷûʲôֵǹעġ

δﾡͷȻվס
ôˣѯʵ
ҵĽзӦƺʲôע⡣̰ס˿ռָǽȻɢһ
лǽָʲô
һָǸ
л̧ͷȥһڵϵĹ޻̫꣬ӵҲ޷ʲô޻꣬ʶľ붯ۣתһ룬ˣ˭Ҳ֪޻Ƿͨ켶أ޷ȫǲƵֻܶó۷ͨ켶ֵǷǳֲġ
ûʹۣŮ˽ȥ
Χ۵˺ܶ࣬ȴûмҿǰģɱ˵һͻᲨǵģҲʾгͻݣʵһ㡣
漷ȥ;УлҲۣҲǷͻ֮˭
һʹһӢĿƲٹʹ֮һڣλĸ֣ҷаȺ߸񲢼Ĵڡ
һħɽĸ֣ħɽھͷ֧֣˵ֹݵħ磬˭ѾȫƵħ磬ħɽڿоͷһͬڵħƿҪˣͷͷųǷǳֲģټͷУ˱չأΨ׼ҾͷŸոճأԵħʱγôһصľ档
ħɽĸɱ۽ħɽ֣ΪΪҲλľ硣
лȥʱһϤ
ڴ磬ҪҪСܰæ


1867  ͷǱľӢǡ
ĿƲ٣
л˵ϤֻԹһΣлҲˣϾĿƲٿʹ徫Ǳ֣ձȻĵˡ
ĵΧȺԶֿ
ĿƲپֱߵǰվͬӢڵԡ
ȻнˡлĿƲٲ滹һ£˾Ȼзǳ
𾳽ƲٵĲҲֵ쾡¡
лԹۣһͷ׼ݣŰͷעܹðͷͬݵˣǲ׶õģϾС֮ľ𣬿Ի⣬һͷǾǷǳˡ
׼ݣԺȷҪСľӪˡ
лţ۾ֳ˴˶ŵˡ
пƲٵļ룬ƴǣ𿴿Ʋֻλ磬Ѿӽλ壬սλҲδĶ֣˫Ŀһ
㻹Ƿɣǵõ߳޻ܹס𣿡в
ħɽĲǹЦ
ͬӵĿںͿƲˣʹˣŸ飬ŹƽһֱԶ٣Ҳһף˵ֻλĿƲ٣νʹӢеĶſˣҲҲ䣬ҲƾܰΣ޻꣬Ҫˣ
ߣСҡĿƲһ˫۾ʱ˸ĺâ
ӵĵŲνĿһ̽۾ڳϹۡ
ĿƲٴŭ
Ҳ¶һĨɱ⣬ֵܱҪֳ
Ȼ˿¡
Զ٣ħɽɲ¡Ⱥ⴫ɱ۽۾˽
лüëһ˾ȻҲ൱Ľ
֣ɱ۽ĿƲٲᶼڱħɣȻ˴ɱħʲôģаļжӦвŶ԰
㣿ĿƲߵ
ңϴλδʤΡɱ۽Ц
ĿƲٳδʤ֪˭бɱȻԲѵ˵ʲôʤ
ɱ۽ߵˣթղħ͵Ϯ˵ң޳֮Ҳ񡣡
һ棬̴ǹལ
лֹڹħջɣǸطȻöβħвڣлûȥ
˶ţƽ档
˭Ҳռˡ
ΪѵľǷˣֻǷͨˣ޻꣬е˾
л״תͷǸ޻ꡣ
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һ㲻öǿħޡ
лɵ֣ϸۿһѿڽг
ֻ޻ͷǵӣһֵĵ֣һ˫۾ŻȼƵأ˫֮ϸǻһ˿˿΢磬ʱħһ־ͷɷеȴβԶ׼ġ
Ҳ˵ǻѪɷѪ
ѹǻΪ˷ѹǽзӦǽڵǻ꣬ȻԿԽ𣬾ǲܳɾͨ켶Ҳ׼ͨ켶ģӹɵġлҲ¶ģ
Ҳڹעǻ߱һеġ
Ȼ߱ǿʢɷѪͱ丸ĸһȻɷܹɷϵ壬ɲͨ壬㲻ǱаǿߣҲȻǷǳһࡣ
ͬʱڵҲǽš
գսһ
λҪ޻ڶ֡
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лҲŤͷȥһʮӣлʶ֮ȴʶģǷһĸַаȺǸħĸ֡
зӰǷڼ޻ĸˣҲǷȫĸ֣λȷаȺҪһߣ˵ǷΨһһ𾳽ɷϵĵһӰٵˣǳ¡ſлĶߣܵ
Ӱ٣֪ҵķǸ
лӰٿжţǷҾͷյǿ˵ųһٵԹۣӰδ
ڷӰ˻ǸӵģǾ£Ǵ˵ΪС
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ֹڣӰЦѾ֪ˣǻ꣬ǶҪõΪյǰ񽣵飬ɶԡ
ˣִ֪
а취ӰЦǺǵĵǶóһ龧ʯԼ۸񲻷ָߵͣҲ޷ϴǻ˭ˡ
ߵûǻȷֵģҲȳ۵һ龧ʯģӦùҡ
Ʋҿû˵˭ȵ˭ȵãǼ۸ߵãбóҼ۸龧ʯ
Ҫܵļ󣬷Ӱֹͣ۸൱ȷУɣǻ֮ѪλˣɷѪѪǺ壬ڳλ֪Ĳ࣬ɣλֽдǻ֮ѪǺ壬˭˵Ķԣ˭Σ
Ӳͬ⡣ڵ
Ҳͬ⡣
ӰóֽʸˣΪ˱֤ƽдȻλдȻͬʱ𰸡
ִ˷ãֵ
һӰȻͽôһֵ⣬лҲǶԷӰĿ࿴
˲򵥣
Χ֮˱Ҫˡ
˱˴˱ţվУǱˢˢдԼĴ𰸡
лҲڴĿţǻ֮ѪʲôأȻɷء
ܿ˱д𰸡
´һΧҲ£ǾίˣԴҲһĿȻġ
ӰЦһ𷭿𰸰ɡ
ͬʱдĴ𰸷ת˿
ֽ涼ֻ֡
ħ
һģδʤƽֳȴˣǷаȺĿƲٺɱ۽Ҳ¶֮ɫȻҲ֪Ȼǻ֮ѪȻǰħ
ܣοܣħʱƿصһ𣬾˵α죬űɹģǹΨһһħǰħѾʱѾˡ
ʲôܵģɷͬѾħ壬Ҳֵ𣬲Ȼλǻꡣ
ⲻͬɷһҲֻǴ˵Ƿлִڣ˭֪οżħޣѱûɷѪǰħͬǿα찡ÿαĶģÿα̶൱α춼ͬ⼸޽ӽ㡣
Щ۵ħαĴڣ֮ǱҪϡкܶ౶ҲԽΪλǽҪˡ
лȴЩƣǻķҾҪóأΪβԼʹãǾеġ


1868  ع⡾һ
ǿɷЩǣħһ־ͷɷѪİħ˫Ѫκһǳɾ;ͷģ˫Ѫͻƾͷޡ
˲֪ҲͰˣǷ֪
ǻ꣬ȫһ壬ԷҾͷ̵ʱڳɾ;ͷ֮
һǻȻóۡ

л°ͣۿǷӰ϶ĳ⣬ֻԷְˣǻ겢ûʲôܹõĻȻĺô㲻ܸ壬ɾ;ͷǽɣҲܹǽʱġ
лȻҪõ
֣Ǵƺһ£֪˵ǻø˭ءڵ
ҲǶŷӰ
һµ÷ӰЩͷˡ
Ϊ˿֪ܲǻǰаħѪû뵽˶֪ξϣ
˵֮ˣǵħˣӦ֧ڵģͷƵ˴˿ƺʵǳͻģֻΪûа磬ڴһµģСǳͻϡ
磬粻ˡаȺ
ӰԿЦֵܣǿȴڣǻ궼óˣҪջȥôܡ
Ļˡ
ôأ
Ӱͷۡ
֣ǻӦòƵİɣл״һתԼǻ꣬÷Ӱ˶мԼϾԼΪ⣬ڿںͲìܣںû磬ҲԵĿƲ٣ɱ۽кĳˣҲ赣ĶһЩ⡣
Ȼκ˾ɾģ۸ߵáӰԣһϲҲڴµҳ˵ļ۸񣬱ɽˣѾһ龧ʯµıǣ
лۣɱ۽Բ˵磬龧ʯֻ࣬һ͸ˡ
һˣһһˣѹڡ
Сһ龧ʯ龧ʯǲŸոձʱٵĺܣǴҲû̫ģ˵εһ龧ʯģҲǵõǱ󳤱ֲ֧еġ
Ҳһ龧ʯĿƲЦ
΢ŵڳһٲᱻѹ¡
ǵӣлЦһҳۡһһǧ򣡡
ʲô
ڣƲ٣Ҳͬʱг
ӰҲǾ㵵Ŀл
һһǧ򣿡Ӱ
ûһһǧ򡣡лóһöռָ׸Ӱܹ龧ʯȡһһǧ򡣡
ǿһɵһ⻰ʱƿԡ
ռָھȻ龧ʯ
Ӱȡһһǧ龧ʯȻ󽫿ռָл¹ȻǲƸ˰
Цˣҵһ龧ʯѡлЦ
ǹƸ¶Ҳúܶ뷨˷ˡ
ܹ𾳽ģûɵϣҹ͸¶˶龧ʯȻݷǳ򵥵ģȻȥˡ
лҪЧ
ƶ׼ݣԼڱ٣ڰıòٱҵѣȥ
ķ˹ἰһλӰгɵ׼˻ħ꣬ؾǸ°ɡӰ
ֶ飬ħġл仰˵еȡɣ˻ħ꣬û˵Լ׼ˣ⻰ڱ˶Уȴ϶׼ˡ
лͷϱһɡȻǼٵģٻһЩ˲ڹ
ɱֵڣҲеɱ⡣
ǾҪɱ˶ᱦҲҪ˲֪ſԡ
֣Ǻǣܵôǻ꣬οջķᰡƤЦⲻЦĵ
лʼ磬֮ϲ֮ϲ
˵űȥȡǻꡣ
ǻ񱩲ʵֽһߣȻĻܻ鷳ġӰѵ
лѡлֱӽǹһߡ
һ粨ʱͣЪˡ
˶֪ûô򵥣ֲŸոտʼ
лҲʶ˿ԼĿ⣬Щ˹Ȼ̰ȴûʲôвЩ˾Ͳͬˣǵ̰ǲƺģοҲһ㣬Ӳ±¶֮󣬻ʲôĺǿԵõ㹻ĨƽĶ
ЩҲл֮С
ȻҪ׼ݣͱҪһĴۡ
¥޻껹࣬ǶлԣȴѾû̫Ŀֻ¥ˡ
л¥ȥʱ򣬺ܶҲȻˣܹô龧ʯȻбġ
ӰΪˣȻҪԽӴġ
һЩ˵¥ſڣ޻洫񱩵˻Ӱҹ
Ǻ޻󶼾ҵĲ˼¡
ǴȻǱһġ
Ӱһü¶ͷ֮ɫû뿪ƺ˼档
ӰҪٲ֣ҾͲ޻Һ˵񱩵ٶ
ȥķӰɫ΢䣬һĨŭɫɫԾɱƽԲλȥȥͻء
˵꣬һˢһ±ʧ˵С
лͷһÿٶȣ״ловٶв
һα֣ӰӰѾ㹻лķнаˡ
ˣιһսˣߣȥȻ¥Ѱ޻ꡣ
ԣȥ֡
ܶ˷׷׵ķ¥
Ҳˣ׷׵뿪
תۼ䷽Żֵ¥ſڣʣлˡ
Уһһ֣ĸ˼֮ˣպᣬĸյģһУ˵ֻзҵķӰ֮⣬߽Է֣ҲдܹΨзӰһսδʤ˺սԱ軹Ҫ˳Ʒӡ˵
лֻǶ಻ʤ
̵ͱаӴħõϢڱ¶ֻһ֣ʵû¶ǵǿԶģʱżһ׹֮ڣһأ˵ͷżòųɹģͷǱ͵ȥʶ絽жٸ֣³Լ֪Ҳµĵط͸¥ݿڵĴ¹ȥܹΪ˶ΧۣҪҪȥ
ȻҪȥȴսɲܴлҲ˽¥
ӰͺеʵһսֵùעǱδܾǵأǰ˽ֵҲкôġ
Ҳ߳޻
ȻǾۼˣڵϣڷϣЩƯڿйעš
ֻӰһӶš
ӱԶķӺС
ȵлʱȻһ֣ǿ񱩵Χ߲ϵظȲʡ
ǵʵȷǿһ
лҲǽζ
ҷӰٶ˫ߵ·ߣ·裬ǰݺȥ쳣
͵ģƺÿһļ£¡¡ռ䶼ҪѰ㡣
꣬νǽţ֡
ĸˣǰӰһסлߣһȥʮ֣Цеĵ˭Ϊ׷֪׼˭𾳽޳Ӱء


1869  ع⡾
׼ˣ
лôһ˲Ĵ㵣û뵽ո׼˵ݣôһЩ鷳Ͼ׼ˣôɣ
Щɻ󣬾׼ˣҲѸٵɡ
л϶϶̽Գ׷˳֮˭עߵôȻǲ̽ˡ
۽лһ۱һˡ
ķ˹
޻¥ʧ֮󣬱ʧˣȻٶȳˣҾȺУ۶
׼ʣǶԼѾ˻ɣлķ˹ΣյıǩҪСĶԴǿóԾ󻼡
ι˵λΪҪٰ׼ˡ׷ͷĵ
лɨ˴һۣ֪׼ҵλӦòͣȴ֪Ļ¶һġ
˭Ҫ㱨𣿡лߵ
ҿǼٵġ׷ЦӰ׼ؼѾ涨Ϊֻͨ켶׼˲ſ𾳽磬Ȼ˵޳Ӱٺ٣˻֪ƭңȴǲܵģ벻ҲҴ㣿
ӰΨͨ켶ſ
ˣȻ¶ǱȻġ
лҪڣȻ׷۵һĨЦ⣬һߵ˵һ飬׷òҪҵļƻȻݹ飡
Сӣװˣ׼ˣҰ㱣Ҳԣǻ꣬ٽ龧ʯңҿһΣȻĻߺߣ֪һҽ㲻׼˵ع⣬ġ׷Цв֮
л׷һɭɱ͸׷Ȼλ磬׷ҲͬȾġ
һľ磬лȻԶ׷ܱȵġ
һɲǼ䣬׷һ׹Ԩĸо
Ҹ㣬ִһƣиҵҿɲ㱳˭֧֣ұɱ㣡лĵ
׷ɫҰ׵ˡ
ǵ˳׵ľ룬ǹɺʧ֮׷ϵʱ¶һĨ֮ɫҪ
Ҳڵ˲Ϣ䣬һɭɭĺⶸȻַԲǧ׷Χڡ
ˢ
һӰȰĳڿС
һڵħֵλǡǡǷӰı׺ݵӰնȥ
ǲɵһ
ҲʱһӰƾճ˵ԣħɽĲɱ۽ʹڣĿƲ٣Ŀķ˹ҵķаȺ˵ԡ
лҲͻأĳһˡ
˳ֵĹ졣
ı֣δʹ۵лûз˵ĳ֣һ֣һѷĺɫħлĲӱ׺ݵնȥ
ͬ׷ҲһӰ
ߣ
лһߣƾװ˵Ķը죬һЩӲһɲǣ˵һ͡
ô˻ᣬл֡
δκεıƾץ˹ȥ
ž
лһץסǰħһͨ鶼ûУս΢΢ӿɢ֮һǽɫ׵ʱ̵򣬴֮ɢȥ
ɫ׽׻ɣǴﵽ˷˼ĵز֮ͨļ֮׶ҪµĶࡣ
ž
ħʱ飬ɫҲ˵ϡ
˲ҽһձ㷢һ󽹳ζ
һɱ
лҲˣ׷ķ˹аȺڵ˶Щ˾δֳʤ
Ǹ߿УӰƾӰһɱˡ
ʱ̿ͳںеңȫѰҵĽǶȣֵȣ֮̿͵ʵԱĴ̿ͶҪ߳һġ

Ұ͵ġ
ӰϴδʤΪ˹ڻξӰܶκò׽ӰƳȻţŭȼŭ֮£˫Ȼһȭֱ̿͵ĵ
꣡꣡
˫ȭķ顣
еȭͷ˵š
̿Ͳҽһ屻Ӳ򴩣ѪҲ̶ãʬɳȥһ򶫲ײһ̣һֱ޻¥
ϣǺһȭ޻¥ᱻݵġ
Ӱæ֣˲ư㣬һ±㵽˵Ľǰ̽ץסǴ̿͵ʬ壬ȥ
ӰҪߣʤ˵дΪӰϴһ뿪һȭݺݵĴȥ
Ӱǡӳʬ壬ûߣһȭھӰͷ׵ľԾȥ
䣡
޻¥ͱһȭ顣
ȷӰŭȴһҵĽ
ʲôˣ

ػķҸ̷˾ȴǽУɱ֮ǡñһˣű¶ġ
ӰһɵôŭȻ¥
䡭
޻¥ıը
ǽڣͳͳķɽܣֻеδƻվлҲһۿ¥Ψһ֣Ȼһ顣
лͷһǲΪսʽںϵư
սʽܹΪͨ콣⽣Ҫġ
ǽԱվˣǻּ䣬ػ˵صķҸֱҽеĵɳȥ
һĻлҲ뵽Щν̿͵Ŀġ
ɱֳ֣ЩϾע޻ȻĸֳӶ޻֮飡
ֻϧǧ㣬û뵽һȻƻǵļƻ
ŭķӰɱȥ
еһȻת㵲ס˷Ӱȥ·ȭһ÷ӰֱӱѪɳȥ
һȭ
ء
ܳȥĸֱնˡ
˵ʵҲԶ׼ѾԽ𼶣ǳĸ֡
ʲô˸ҷҵң
Σͷϱһֳڵʱ򣬻ǧ׿⣬ֵʱѾ޻ϷһֳڣƥһȭȻ񱩵ĺȥ
߽飡˷Ӱ˵ĺ˴һӭȥ
ײһ
䣡
Ǻ˵ҸѴϱѴ˿ڣѪ罦ҲҵĽɳȥ
ҸҲ˫أκεͣٶȻȭ
Ҫ߽ĺ˷ӦҲѸ٣æһ
ž꣡
ĹֵʱҸһȭˡ
ݣ
Ȼͨ飬ʧƿնȥĦĺХһߣȥ
һ£Ҹֳŭˡ
Ҹֻȭڵϡ
һɿ񱩵ѸٵĴȭͷ֮ȥڵѸٵɢȴûнݻ٣ֻǽô
䣡䣡
ʵǿĳĺ˵ನУȻ顣
ȴˡ
ں˵Ľûȥע⣬ߵһ̣лڣаȺķ˹ȵȣ˶̽ٶȷӵ£һ⣬Žߵķ׷ȥ


1870  ع⡾
ǿ֪ģ˼ʼûнûа귢չ֪ʶײȥлܹ֪Щο֪ܲǱͨ켶޻껹Ҫǿ顣
ͬΪ飬˵ͨ켶λħ޾޷Ϊ飬Ϊûʲôսʼܹ޻ԼͻǼƷսʼҲܹͨ켶λ޻꣬һϣҪ󣬹ʶͨ£ͨ켶λ޻Ϊսʼħ߼ˡ
ǽ鲻ͬ飬ǶǼ𳬸ߵģҲǳɾͨ켶ؼһ޻Ϊ飬Ҫô̫޷ǰҪô̫ͣףҲ޷ףӶӰ׵ġ
Ψн֮鷽гɾͨ켶Ļᡣ
˭Ҫõ
лҲͬڵһ㱬ȥ
ٶҲ˿ǷӰȫʩչӰ֮ٶȴﵽһޣлһԼȫʩչٶȵĸоǿ쵽˾ĵĵز
飿
¶
лзɿתһͷΪ˽飬ǷԲϧ۵ĽԼݱ¶һʩչУȻϳģǲʹõĻٶȷҲ޷ͷӰ
ʩչͬźܴķյòϾһ¶³ȴӰ˶Լˣ£ЩľӢ֣лɲôдӦ
ˣ
Ӱٶǿ죬վλ硣
ڵĳֿҲǲٵġ
ǷٵĽӽʱһͻأĳڰУһѱץǽ顣
ҷ֮
ɱ˵ķϱҲϵˣվǳ۷ǿߣٶȻ쵽£˲Ϣ㽫Ӱ󣬸һȭǶȡ֮ˡ
ಣಣ
ָս棬ӰӴܳȻǳ۷弶ǿߣܹͨ켶ǿ֡
ƻδ֮ǰ۷徳ǿģͨ켶㵽Ҳֻܷӳ۷徳
ٶȳֵҲս֡
Ĵ۷徳ּսǵδйǾԣλĸֶҿ£ȥһͷನ˳λֵģҪ˵лӰ֡
лҲδ¶ʵݣȻĻǾˮһˡ
˴սǽҲǵڰУ޷Ųֺ
ôˣ⽣Ұɡ֮УٶһϵһӰ·߳Ƶأڸ߿Уһץǽ鳲㣬˵С
½飡
ɱ
Ĵ۷弶ֳ
ǵ˴ǺޱͷųʱǶҡΣվԶлоನĿƺܹߣǿĻನɽɱˡ
ʵǳ۷徳ʵ
лͬĸо˲࣬޴Ĳࡣ
⻹볤֮Ĳ࣬ͨ켶أ֮Խ鵽ֲܱ࣬޲ߵľ硣

֮ˣȫУ˿͸ģһһа׵ľ޴Ӱȥ
أأأأ
Ƶ
Ĵ۷弶ĸֵʱĲҽ˵߿պȻըͳͳ
һĴ۷弶
ͨ켶
ͨ켶Ϲ
ܣƻδȫ飬ͨ켶﷢ӳͨ쾳ġ
ڶ˶е˼顣
лҲǾ㵲ѡ
ƻδ飬һ㣬Ҳأͨ켶Ҳֻܷӳ۷徳ͬǿҲһĨɱĴְͬɣǣһֻ̤ͨ켶ĸ֣ͨ۷弶ǿߣӲͬɱΨһ;˵ȷӳͨ켶
һУߴһİһȥġ
ȻҪɱɱˣдɱͷаֻʹöϻԼʮսʼǸصӵ
лٵĴѰҡ
ˣҸոõ飬ЩذϹڸҿɲǾٶ

л׿գǵõ֮˾ȻˣôŵȻǹıģҲѹԼû
߾ǣле֣ôǶסԼˣ
ȻҪ
ԭὣģ˾
˷Ӱɫѿ˸ɭĺâ֮⣬˵ûʲôϾ鱾Ͳǵģ΢źһ£Ҳͽתܹ£ʩչͨ켶ˣǸȤġ
˵䣬˱ع޻ǰ
лŮߡ
޻ʱѾۼ˽ǧķҸػΧۣճ
лɲٴȥ׷Ϳķ˹ɣҪ鷳Ů׼뿪ֻҪ˵ߣϢԶ˵أȻٱı󣬾ټ棬Ҳ޷ϳԼġ
վס
뿪һȱ羪װը졣
лɫ䡣
׷
ŮץлƣǶЩţһл׼˵ݣʲôڣӰаȺ˿ɾûʲô˼ˡ
ģ˱¶ݣ뿪лοŮ
ɣ輱æֹ
Ҳ򲻿ɣĻڲ֪ٳֶַɱǣʱǾ͸Σˡ
лȻҲ֪Ҳ뵽׼ŻƤŻˡ
һлֱ¶ôֵĿɾͲЩˣȻеĳֳ
㣬֪лʧЧϾɱֵĻͨ켶޷ߣǸʱ򣬲Σա
ʶܱ¶ʵݡ
Ӳܶ
ħ鷳
һԼ»عֹˮĵزлתĿ׷ƿһĶ
һɴδйɱļʡ
Ǽٵģ׼ˣ׼ҵӰڼǰѾ涨Ψͨ켶ֲģ׼ҵϵ֪أ𾳸֣οӰǼٵģ׷
˶һ
һʱ䣬ڣķ˹˶ٲ̰֮ɫĶлǻ꣬龧ʯħȵȣǾ޷еǷ̰
лһֱĸо
뷨ĻֹЩˣ䰵еĳǿߣǵлһԨıΣС
ֻҪвͿܱһɱˡ
һ֮䡣


1871  ݡһ
޻ǰۼʮˣ޻һûվڸߴƯڿУվڵϵģñҸɳֹйеķŭΨ׷׵ĸ߶ȣ˵Ŀ⡣
벻ɣӰ׼Ҳ֮أѾı򡣡׷ʵݹЦлĵ
Žթɣл̾ĻȻˣֱѰԼҳְж֣Ǹã׷⵱ڲ𴩣޷Ǿϲ԰ڣ˹עˡ
һ㣬׷ͱлĺܵ͡
վ
Խˣɵ鷳ͷۣǸ˼ɣֻҪгޱɡ
׼Ƿͨ켶֮ӰҪѵ׼ҪʲôصļƻӰϣҲҪ֪ͨ׷ɣлĵ̤һ׷ɭɱϼ
ܵлȻɱ׷¶һ˿ֻţе㡭
лֱӴĻκλԼݣĵ˵ֻҪƻƻ׼ҵκˣɱ
׼ˣ׷
лȻ㱬ȥ
Ҫɱ׷
׷ϽˣᵽлʵӦñǿһЩǽ֣ʤġ
ξٶȶԣ׷ѷɫ̫ˣлʹܹͨ޿ӡ
һ±㵽׷ǰлȭ
ȭͷδл͸еǰӰһԸӾ˵ٶһ±ӵ׷ǰסȥ·
磡
лͷҪȭͷջ
Գĸ֣ûκεĵֿܹȫҺ̬һǸܵġ
ף
Ϊ׷ˣʱϲ
Ȼ׷֪ѵҲûʸ֪׼һͨ켶Ӱ𣿡
ףǻ꣬ǿɷͰħĺᣬ龧ʯǶǵġ׷˷ܵؽе
ĵ׷һۡ
׷ŵһ£Ͻͣﻹ֣׸ôң˵Ķʵ
湻޴ġл
׷ſŭ
ߵ£ûٿڣ׻Ƚʮ꣡
׷ԣŵü˸
лٵ˼ƽ֣Ժðķӣȴ֣ЩӾȻһõġ
ƺ֣һûС
ʵá
ڳǰ޷ʩչ
лδй˱ľ棬ߴͷʮ֮һ꣬һɱߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ȴް취
ƺֻܱĽУܵıס׼ݣһ
αס׼ݣ
ɲ׷ǸӵܣܼӷܱȵģҪ߽Լ׼˵ݣǾ֮͡
֣˼Ȼ׼ˣҲȻг֧֣ɡ
飬ҷҾҪһѵģ˵ҷ޻˵ͬɵģŶʧĽ顣
ʹԼð֮ʹޣˣʹȻɱЧȡ
ڣٰǾͷᣬǶҵȵ裬뿪˵ء
һ˷
ӰڰУнлΧм䡣
ǵҲԶ׼ħɽ֣зˣʹˣ֡
˻ǳǿߡ
ˡ
Ǹʲô˼ٰ׼ˣԵ׼˴ã׼ҵɲҪ˰æ׷ɵҲ֪ЩٵģҪлյӴ龧ʯԼзһ֪ϵ϶޷˵ڵģ
˵Ĳ˸ð׼ˣض׼˴󵨣ұ뽫ûȥλĺ⣬лˡ
ȻҪлյЩ
˭׵ķ
֣⻰ͲˡҳһָЩƵ޻󣬡޻Ϯʧ飬˴Ŀã޻ѱЩ̿޹أֽнңȷ޹أٽ㡣
׿ǿʶǴ̿һˣ󷽵龧ʯǻ꣬ǲ˷𡣡ߵ
׿ٺЦô˵˭ұ֤ǹˣǣҪҷ˽ӽأұ뽫ãǷЩ̿йء
Ļðɡ
һ¾Ϳó׿ǹģҪле龧ʯڵ龧ʯ˭ᶯĵġ
Ǵ̿ͣŴ̿ҲɱлģлնɱοǴ̿һˡ
֣ҾСӦȽʹ崦Ŷԡʹ峤ֿˣʹҪǻ꣬Ǳƻģ˵ʲô˵Ŀģұ뽫ãУǲʹһı
ʹ˵Ļȫ˼ѵлȥ취㶵Ŀʹˣֻһͷ޳ܰ
޳ܵģ޳ܵģһμ
ֱ޳ܵˡ
Ϊ˶ȡе龧ʯǻ꣬ȻϧǿʶزֻһƽۣȻܳʲôʹһı
лǼʶˣΪԽߣԽαΪ棬ҪʲôƤˣ˵ͬʱҲĥƤȵģֱǴﵽ˲Ҫ޵еĵز
ʹ˵ĻҪСĵģ⻰˵ĺȷͬС˵ǶħɽҲʲôıأ뽻дħɽĳҲˡ
һ޳֮ˡ
޺޵ĿЩ£ʵ޳ܵҵ޲ýǶ˺˲Ž
أ֡
ʼ磬ûô޳ܣǽģлȻ龧ʯضȥģȻǶıģҲҪſԡ
ȣ
㱻ˮǺĸ޳ܣ
˼Ҳβμᶼ֪㾹ȻӲȥʲôǸ޳ܰٱ
֣ҿǻǹƽɣһλΡ׿ЦǺǵ˵
ĻǵҪƽлյĶǶ˵ȴѯˣҪһʩѹͬ⡣
Լǡ
̫ˣҾ˫֧֡
ʹ˺ħɽַ׷ͬ⡣
ЦƽϲĹƽԭˡ
޳ܰ
лˣԺҲҪĥƤа
Ĵ֣Ҳֻεͬ⣬ܲһ˶ĴְɣðɣҲֻˡ

лˣλƺûʹͬûͬ⡣һһöռָץУǻ꣬龧ʯУֻҪһ˭ûлõ
ֱ˴㿴ңҿ㣬ͬʱЦ
޴Сӣпռ壬ռָҿһڣָ֤Ķֺ𡣡׿Ц
лԣһЦһᶼʧȥˡ
һãȻȡ䣬ôҲȻ¶ġ
ͬʱһɾ˵ĽͻȻ֣л͸еͬһ嶯һ¶С
γֶ֪ͱˡ
лʱһϤ˭ջԼұɱ֮
Ǹӣ


1872  ݡ
Ʈ죬ȴ鷽Բ׵ĵطÿһ˵ĶУȴûһܹҵӵڡ

лһ
ֻӲˣ˵˭ΪҪԼŴԼı֣еơ
лϹʥ
Ļοнаɱļأƺʵɡ
ݺһƺǲſʼͷ㽵ٵ˵ħģϹʥӦͨ켶λܹнаİͷɱģǰͷ˿ǵǱҲδܹ
˵˭
лô붼벻˵ݡ
˷ӵûǰὣǰģʵлͷ֣Ż޳ܵҵֵɫ÷ǳѿǵлһ˿ľ¡
ƺЩ˶֪ӵݡ
Ҳʱлͷֽʧˡ
лûκαʾֻǾĹţڻûΣء
˭ү׷ȻİҲûע⵽˵ɫүƢܲˬ
ž
ٿڣһƳ׷ϣԭתȦһѪ
һƴĺݰ
ס׷ɵˡ
ŭȵ׻һ꣡
Ҫףһġ׷ŵɫҰף
죡ȵ
˼ĸ֣Ӱڵڣ¶֮ɫΪ˭֪令̵ġ
Ʈٶ𣬡׻һ̫ˣƻҵļƻɱɽһǧꡣ
ǣĵȻ׷ȵӣл
׷еɱɽһǧ꣬ǳͷֵİҪлһ˹ȥ
леѹʣۻк⣬ȴ˿ķ
͸ˣ˵˭
ֱ˿̣׿Źĵǰһ
֮Уһѷͻأĳ֣϶رȻһ˽̤׵˳
˺Ȼӡ
˰Ȼվգ˫ֵһϱ೤͸Ĥݵĸо
ǰ
ҷ׿ʹ壬ħɽĴͬʱ
ᡰšһ
ಡ
һӰȺԾҲǳĸֻ֣ʵҪѷɫܶġ
Щ˵ϵǿϵԶ׼ˡ
μ
׼ͬʱ
ɴ൥ȹأ峤ˡ֪峤ðԸܳͷ
¡ӵ
һ׼˷׷˺
ɹڵϡ
˸źâ׷δңҲδҵ֪ǣȻɭƻҵļƻȴҪۣǿ֪˼ƻķϣɢ
ʼƻƳһл
лС
û뵽ӾȻ׼ҼҲ˵׼ҳȴλͷ֮⣬Ȩˣͳ˧׼ҵߴڡ
λעԼģ
оԼлȻ׼ҼķҲŵģǱͬӴҪ벻;ͽԼߣǱ˾ͻġ
лνļƻʱףԼ֮ǰߵļƻ׷ʵĻȥˡƻƻˡ
²㣬Ҳû뵽Ȼ׼ƻǵļƻӵ
ɫЩҰף׼ˣӰǹ涨Ψͨ켶𡣡
ѵͲܷ츳Ǳ㹻ʸ𣿡ŭ
ǣǡﻹѯʡ
ʣȴҪѯʵģҪȷлǷ׼ˣ龧ʯǻֵǿڵġ
׿ǰ֪׼λӵܣ˲ܡ
лˣ׼ҼҲó׼˵֤ݲſԣ֪ν⡣
ͼһ֣һ¡
⽵٣лûӦȻϡ
ţ
⼰壬л̷˱仯ⲻȵģŵǣıȻǡٱ
ٱŮ
ǰ˼ϹʥŮ˴ģ׼Ҽܹ֮ôж޳ɵġ
һʱ䣬лЩԺˣӾһ޴š
Ӱεٱ£лģ˾޴ĸı䣬תһȥʮ߰꣬ķŨü۵˧ӵӡ
󣿣
ǰˣôš
ȻǸ׼ҵ󣡡
ģ⣬Χ˵ľС
ӵĵȷǰɥһΪǵսʾ磬귽ŻָΪִһƻ˭ʣ
龧ʯ׿˵
龧ʯ巽ҲóģϾͨ켶ֻ磬ûнٵħ磬ܹô龧ʯ
ӵҲ֣龧ʯġ
ؼĻȥһ˱ħȡл˼ת뵽ݵİ취Щ
Ŷʲôõ˶龧ʯ׿˵ħ֮У˺ܶ࣬ƺҲδѵ㶼ǰж
л΢΢һЦǰˣҵ˺ֳܶ࣬в˼ҡֽħ˳
ħһʱ䶯
Ǹȡħˡ
ħ۱Դˡ
ֵͫǿߡ
Ҫڽʲôħ˵Ľ¡
лҲĿƲ٣ɱ۽߸񣬷ҷаȺԼվֿķ˹󣬲֪ʱֵĵбĳ֮ͷŭ档
Ӱǲ֪ˡлĵ龧ʯɣ˱ħһ龧ʯ㻨ʱ䣬ռ֪ǰʲô⡣
׿紫ţǰħΪӱаΪһ޴龧ʯаͷ֮龧ʯ֮꣬Ѿˣǿܵ߼Ʒ龧ʯˣ׼ջ񼫶డ
Ҳ¶Ľ֮ɫ
ӵţĲɱ㣬ӴԺ׼μľ֮һ
лӹɱл񰮡
ɱ̸ı䣬ӴԺκγֶлΪѣǾͷ֮ԼÿԽ󾳽ΪѺ󱲣ȫԶлȴǲ֪Լ׼ˣΪλҪɱǴӽħ֮ǰ͡
ʲô
ʣиˡһ֣£лԼ裬̱ٵĽǰ漴տһ϶У˱Ŀ֮£ʧӰ١
׿˱˴˿һۣ¶֮ɫ


1873  ݡ
޻ǰȥ
׿һ֣ŷӰаȺ˱޻һڣ޷źͰģ¶֮ɫӵ˾壬ǷӰͷаȺо˷׿Ũɱ⡣
ϡӰ
ӵоͷĴУΪ̽ΪϣǳΪͨ켶Ϊ̫ϳϡ
Ȼϣ̫ϳҲиߵֵ֮ģ׿ѾǳλڳλǷǳߵġ
Ƕ֮ο׿
Ϊ׼Ҽľ磬ȫʹӰıһ˵òģ˵ǰѾˣҲ󡣡Ӱ¶֮ɫ
׿аȺ
аȺҡҡͷҲΪ˭ڵսʾܹ֮ڻعλľ硣
ǵĻɶȷҲ˻ɣǷ֮£Ϲǵҷ̫ϳѾŸңӦ󲻼١׿˵
Ȼ޷ͨ켶ַȫѹڳ۷壬Ǻǿģʶͨ켶򣬾嶼ʲôطҲ֪
ôܡӰš
սʿλ磬ʱ䣬Ѹ͵ʵ̫˰ɡ
̫ϳ˵ˣ׼ҵӰһ΢Сʩչʱͨ켶ǿԹ۲⵽Ƿڸıòģ̫ϳԣȷǱĿûиıò׿˵
лȻӿܵٱûдģȻҲͲܱ˷ˣǡ޷ݣνһá
󣡡Ӱսȭͷ
аȺҲսⰻȻ
УйһȽϣǿҲǹϵģǾҲΨһܷӰͺеˣΪ׼˵Ӱеˣ˵ǾоͷǱĻδΪͷʺܴ󣬿ǲζһΪͷ˵ҪȥģоǣǱв٣඼ǵĳͣͲǰ̫ˣȻĻͷڽôȻҲЩֻһͷ¾ͷˣϺܶ˻Ƕ޷ڴﵽͨ켶λ֮󣬻ġ
ʶ𿴷ӰĿƲٱΪδͷܹﵽģ˭Ҳұ֤ȫǣһܳɾ;ͷġ
ϵģٷְٳɾ;ͷģֻһˡ
Ǿ
ųӳֳ˵츳ϵشħµļ¼ΪķͷΪ֮壬ϧгҪնɱǰͻȻ侳磬Ƶһ±ΪĴͷΪԴӴ֮׼УԺͷЩ磬׼Ҿͷ԰ڷĴͷĴͷо˵رøͷ֮࣬ȴ޿κΡ
ֵܹزҲһ˵ˡ
ٶȳ֣ܲע⡣
׿
Ӱϣ֣ɱ
Ψһֵܸͬһξ÷Ӱ
ҳ֣ٺ٣ѵǾãϵĸָڳ𣿡׿Ц׼ҼھٷǰϱֳֵĻǻῪɱġ
ͨλˣҿɱ䣬ȻаͷɱӰ
׿ߵ޴
Ӱһʱסˡ
ϱٳ֣׼ռݵҲ˵һͷ֣ѵ׼ǳзȻֳûնɱǵİͷǵأ׿
չˡӰĴͷչؿɲǳ̬չأǱնɱʮ֮һ꣬ȱչصģл
׿׼ĿǰΪֹΨһܹܾ棬ϱֵĻ˵׼ɱǷңչصʱ򣬸ţʲôҷһΣӦ
ӰаȺ˼
ȷʮڣûκһϱҳ֣ħɽڲҪչأħɽҲǷӲΪ׼ˣһӲҲ֡
Ψ֮ͬſԡ
ͬУҷǶģʵҲﵽλ󵢸ʱ䣬ҲλʵѷɫǣҪһᣬնɱ׿һ֣һɱơ
Ӱͷ
׿˵ǣҲ˳ֵģ׼μҲԻֵģٺ٣ҾͲţܹ뿪ǣõħ۱ԴΣһġ
ϣ뿪أӰ
ᣡ׿ЦѾߣô׼ڼǵĶȻɣһƷĿħʹԿף׼οܷȡħرĻᡣ
Ӱ¶һĨ֮ɫϣ˵ǻ꣬͸˭
׿¶ϲ֮ɫôˣǻȻ͸׼ҼôȻǡ
ڣ˷һЦ
ͬطţڣҲõӦָʾ
׿²Ӳûдл뿪һеȵεĿջڡ
һӣһ硣
л˵Ƕ̹ȻҪֵĻͳˣҲ˷¡
ǲǺ֣Ϊʲô㣬ΪʲôɱΪʲôΪʲôҪʹٱΪʲôὣʹͨ켶ϵһڣ㽫леⶼǰ˵ˡ
ǣ֣ܲ⡣лλ׼Ҽܾ̫ˣǲ׼Ҽ
ӹЦҵȻ׼֮Щеͨ켶ֻ̲𣿡
лͨ켶֣
Ȼ巽ħɽֻܵưˣˣҲ˼ǡ˵
򣿡л
ӵûˣһͨ켶ڴˣͷǿţǲ򵥰˼޷ȴܹħƱƻ֮󣬳ִ͸ħ磬ǵΪȡ顣
лȻЩ̿ĸ֣
ӵͷһת㻹Ȼشһ⣬һһ⣬ɱ˱а
ȡа䣬̾˵аʱʮսʼľǰӣҲȻ֪ħ龧ʯǱаƵ龧ʯȻҲƶϳаɱġ
ɱģҪлǰǰ֣ʹöϻԱҲô׵õаصġл
ӵͷͶˡ
лǰԻشҵ˰ɡһ£һǰ˭
Цеĵ˭Ҳ²ֻ²ĺҵʵ׼Ҽݶ㲻Ҷ϶ˣԲŻдʣðɣҸ㣬ҾϹʥ


1874  𰸡һ
Ϲʥ
ͷ֮һ׼ңͳ׼ҵļ֮ĴҪѰңҪնɱϹʥ
лѾ֪ˡ
̫ˣ
׼ҼƤ棬ܹɾ˵λͳ׼ңı֣ݶԱı֣ЩҪɱˣΰݣͷԡ
ǰ˵Ϊʲôҵȷܲ⣬ǰܹΪ׼ҼģΪܹɱܰͷа޳ٱģڵħƻڵ£Էӳͨ켶ģΪʲôҪұ޵ķʸɣƺܲ򵥵ӣ֣ҷоЩ˳Խ龧ʯҪɱ⡣л˵оǷΪνڼǶڷܲΪʲôǻҪóۣһжҲ⡣
һϵелܳʱˡ
ȴҲ𰸡
żһĻش⡣ϹʥЦ˵ţ˵֮ǰǲ͸һƿξƣƵζҺϲ
óһЩξơ
ϹʥԹԵĺڣ죬ЦǺǵĵþưſʼ͵˵һ£γΪ׼֮ģЩ⣬Ҳ˻ʺͺʵҳɹģǰ磬Ҳó˻ʣ㿪ʼͷѰңǧ࣬׼Ұ뺣ʽ磬˻ʴµĻŰб׼ǰһӵʶƣ㽫նɱΪֹ׼¹עٰ˻ʣʰ֧֣ϣųɾ׼֮ġ
˵赭длȴĳȻǧ࣬ĥѲλġ
˵˻ʳɾ;ͷ֮𣬳ȴϹؾ֮⣬׼֮õҲСϹʥЦǺǵĵƺһĽڶ͵ĸʵһΪܹɱܰͷаΪܹ֮ʩչͨ켶ԭħ磬ģоǶ㾡İʽû뵽ȻҲһѵһҾȻҵʱħһͷһöʥѪˮ
ʥѪˮ̾е
֣лͱ軹ǵһ
ǴӱаļȥĶ
ϹʥЦȻ˱аļ䣬ǾͰɣ˴Ҳһˡ
ʥѪˮʱͷഫһޱȵĶʱͷڶ࣬ÿһͷһֻһԸǾǿԽͷ磬Ǵûܹɹȴоͷ֪ΪЩͷǶпͣѾչ׳Ϊ˲ԼĺԼ㴴ʥѪˮھͷǰʥѪˮѡеĺ֮ˣ˱ʥѪˮڵһ£ǰͷеӶһԾΪͷ־ͷǿԼģڳΪͷ֮ҲԶǰ㾳磬޷ֵġ̽Լ֪˵һ飬Ǳаеݡ
лͱһۣȻĶڡ
ʥѪˮУ
ϹʥЩȷٲһ£ʥѪˮһãǿɵֿƣǣƻڣֻҪ߶ʥѪˮһڲƵĸţӳǿΪܹ߽ԭ򣬶ұֻͨ켶λˣȶʦʻҪѷɫ࣬õöʥѪˮһԾΪͷӽͷİͷڿ˵һֻ̤ͷˣڵʵ˵аְӵİͷǺųϣΪͷİͷҲаհڽɱ
һֻ̤ͷ硣
飬Ҳѹֺ겻֪ˡ
лҲò˵ϹʥǺõûˣʥѪˮֶܹ
ٱأлʵ
ֶΣûгɾ;ͷ֮ǰлİǾǾ޴ģܹгɣȻ͸ӵˣ̡̫
ϹʥܹʩչȻǲǿҵ嶯

ϹʥξƹཹཱུĹһƿ˶һĨεĿɬ֮顣
л˲
ãϹʥſڵٱİŮ˴ģֻŮ˲ģڼǧǰұ׼֮ļΧ֮࣬ٱңҶǰ긨ҵϣҲܹʩչٱġ
ǰ¡лû뵽Ȼԭ
ڰ֣ϹʥЦѾϰˡһ±˵飬˵ָ⣬֮ԽҲԭģҲ̵Ŀ֪һЩɡ
лͷǣ繫ϵǹϵİٷְܳΪͷĴڣǰȥ
ǱɱġϹʥ
ʲô
л˸⡣
ϹʥĵĵһУĽģֻΣһ뿪˼磬һǱ׼ְ֮㣬İŮҶһξˣ֮ߣ˻֮ϣٶ֮죬˼ά֮ݣܣƿźĳϹġ
һΪã˼˵ȻǴ̫ˣȻҵʵݣҼ¶£ŽնɱǡĴͷҲɵǳɳ׼ұͷģҪַɱͽ˻Žնɱ޻Ĵͷ
Ҷȡļ֮󣬷ǲһ㣬䲻ᣬȴҲĸڻʱпһǰµżһʶĨȥʱͷĲ꣬űֳħ֮һҪа޷УֻѡΪɳ
лڶˡ
Դǳֻ̬ȵġ
ǿЧġ
лɫϹʥЦ֪ʲô뷨Ҳͬ⣬˻ʸҰô£Ҳͬˡ
ôİлʵ
ϹʥʱµķǳһֶΣǽӵ˼£ֻһ£һֻǰͷľ磬ǸǶ෽о֤ƽ⣬壬ӵҺ̬ӵ꣬оۿЩƽǸֵģ˻ɾ;ͷҲ⣬һжѾ׵ֻǷȱһǶڱħȣ˭֪ǶȻ˸ˣֽӵ˻֪ͨ뾡췵磬Ҳֻˡ
ǿԣҲôл˵ܹͻưͷ֣Ҳֻһƶ϶ѣǴˣԾͷ֮·
д뷨Ҳ⣬ԷģıƷ٣Ѿ޷ʹˡϹʥ˵ҲҪع紦һЩ飬βѸٵĳɳأ뵽һֵܼ⣬뵽ʱΣûκϱٸҶֵģΪʲôҲ뵽ģĴͷħɽͷͷɳԱȻɳͬģУĳɳѸٵģبıҲǡǡһ㣬㲻Ǵսʽʱﵽλ˸ܸ޴ΣգΣǡǡһѸĻݣͷȱչػ򱻽ĳأΨ׼ҾͷɻĻϣܵЩϱֵвȫɳ


1875  𰸡
ĥгɳлȻϿɵģѡħ磬˼ռڰݵĿޣΪ
ܹսﵽλ磬Щͷ˵ֱδţܵ飬Ƿ˼أûֻܿԼʥǣܹһսʴﵽλġ
Ϊʲô
ĥѣĥ
Ѹͳɳţøַʽر֧֣ǰɳٶȣУǲֵһġ
ֻл֮Щͷ۵⣬ÿһ̫ˣҲԿԽȥ˼ҶԿҪСġ
ܹ׼ұϣܹ޴˼ɵˡ
áлŵĵֻǣ˵ЩνоͷǱˣǱص㱣ģƺΣ֮żͷԱ
ϹʥЦµȷУǶսµĲŻ˴ǵһǿȣҪʲôɾͣĥѣͻң֪Ϊʲô磬ħħɽ˼ǱΪͷĺܶ࣬ΪֹûеΪûĥĸǸܳɾͨ켶ģظͨ켶ͻƣҲΪʲôôǱ֣󲿷ֶͨ켶λλԽԭ򡣡
ûвǾνˣҲЩͷǶϿɵνӢǡлսⰻȻ
ͽһй϶ˣĸʱ򣬾ѾʼΪ㿼ˣ·Щ˼ͷĹǺΪãЩͷĹǺɢʧˣõֹǺǴ걾ϵĸı䣬ҲǱ֤һ޳ܹ֮ѸͳɳĹؼܹһˣղֵľϾ޷ȫģҲߵŮˣѳɳѸٵһؼоս֮࣬궼٣ĥսǱҶܶ౶Ϊ󣬱ٶȵġϹʥ˵
л˵ıٶȲ
Ϲʥ㻹ʲô⣬ᣬڽ֮һὫļͳͳģ⽫óֶ㡣
飬Ϊʲôڼǡлһ£Լʡ
飬ǿǳɾͨ켶Ĳ֮ѡ
ͨ켶ǷҾͷҪĶȴҪõǵ޻лúܲ
ϹʥЦһ֪һ˼·˵֪ʱ˵
һἰҲἰֻǻָŷ֮ļ䣬ʱķࡣл˵ֻ˵ƺԶͨͷһЩϵһõ֮һõ֮Ҳʱɳġ
ȷˣʱ˵ΪֹǸգȻڰǰԶʥʶ෽飬ĽǾͷ̫̫࣬ǿѾ˳ܵĽޣʵ֤ʵǸǴģʱһ֪ı֪ʱԭĿֻԶͨͷˡϹʥ˵֪ǣ׼ҼصһЩϣǧ꣬ȥһЩʱżµĶۺϵóһۡ
л˶䣬ʲôۡ
ϹʥۣʱǱΪĴݻٵģӦģͬģʱҲйֿסʱԻ͵ʱȻʧˣεֿۼƺʮľͷڰܱ֮ЩͷĶɢڸأоͨ켶ڼǣЩͨ켶Ҳݻ顣
ݻ飿
лûɵ뵽ʥ񽣣ͬǱݻٵ顣
֮ԱѡзڼǣΪʧȥͨ켶Ȼʧȥ飬ûиӦģԽֻ֮Ҫһʱ䳤ãԶʧȥͨ켶еĿ£Ϲʥ˵
ҲȷԽˡ
лһ𰸿Խܣǰ˵ͨ켶ʧǲʧͨ켶ࣿ
ܶ࣬ͨ켶ʱڵȴûУֻ˵ģҲʧˣһս֮żзֲͨ켶ûģԸͷжһЩ׼ͨ켶ֻȱٷͨ켶ˡϹʥ˵ҷó⽣飬Ҳǻδ͵ģͨ켶ϣҲѳɾ񵶵ɳȫıҲŲߣֻû뵽ȻɳĴ̿͸ƽµıٺ٣²֪ɣ֣ǿɲǿô򵥣ҵĸּһգлɳˣΪá
ڷó֮˵лѾô̫ע
ǵʥʧȥ顣
ǰ褣֪٣л
Ϲʥ֪Ĳ࣬ⷽʱǰڵҲǹϵпܿԽͷˣǺȴصʧˡ
лô˵ʱûйˡ
ȻУʧ֮󽫽꣬ʱģϵϹʥ˵
ҵõķʥ񽣣Ҳûġл˵Žʥ˳
ʥ񽣣
ϹʥȻվ𣬾ȵĿ񽣡
ʥƽ棬͸Ȼɢǹɷ֮⡣
õģϹʥ˫ʥ񽣡
лͽĹ˵һ飬Ҳóöʯ
Ϲʥüͷһ壬żãħµģħϧʯ鿴һʯҡͷҲûȻħĶȻĳã㻹Ǻúɡ
ǰи󵨵Ļɡл˵
˵ʱͨ켶ûģ褵ʥҲû飬ƶϣ褵ʧʱһıĿģϹʥ
лֻͻȻ֮ĸоڻ޷ȷǿһӵ֤
Ϲʥʲô֤
лһĵħ
ħϹʥ˼Уò˵ħȷ˵Ǽ֮һԽͷģһԶʥʶˣ褾˵ҪԽͷʱʧٵģħͬˣôħҲûĻȷΪӵ֤ǿ⵽ͬıʧٵģʱġ
лʥƸϹʥǰ˽͸˻ǰɣǰȡĽ飬ٿʥ񽣷ӳѷɫͨ켶˻ǰд˽֣ؿͷսңܾãԷִڣҲܲһ㶫ģҾʥڶȻŷµĶҵľʵھ⽣УֱҪĶҺܻɣ֪ʲôʱ򼤷ʥĳЩܣ¶оͷţҶܱͷ֮ɵġ
ǲʲôáϹʥ˵ڵõʥѪˮʱ滹ͷµĲȱ䣬вʱһЩܹ´еؿ
˵ţ㿪ʼ


1876  𰸡
ɬϹʥҲǲϵڿлţһƸֳǺȻͼټĵӣϹʥ˫ָһĨİɫΣʥ֮ϸһ¡
ͻͻͻ
ʥ񽣵ʱ
ͬʱһļµѹʥڴ˳
ѹл˳ܲ࣬󲿷ֶϹʥϣͿһֻ̤ͷĳȫϺˮžͣȻԵֿѹ
ۣ
Ȼ䣬ϹʥſһѪҲֹͣ
ٿʥ»ָƽ
ǰ
ǰû°ɡ
л˴һû뵽ʥͷųѹȻ˿£Ҫ֪ϹʥѾоͷһЩˡ
ѹزȫͷأ
Ϲʥ˲ǵѪЦããҷӦѸ٣µͱĨɱˡ
˻
лһڰɡ
ûп󡣡ϹʥлļͷܹóңҲǾԼһʥڵȷܣһһɷǳӴڻĽ⵱Уһ⿪Ǿͷû׼Ǳһɱˡ
ǿϹʥŵһ˿ѹͷųˣлҲţʵ
лҲᵽˡ
ûбˣлҲۿӦȣǳܱȵģҲȷʥڵȷڻĽ⿪Уֻû뵽Ȼô¡
ʥڿŷʧٵܣǽ⿪ʱأܹƽ⣬ʱͷʢͿ֣ܣа취˼ֶһЩľͷϹʥܵĵ
лȷʵˣǰͽ佻˻ǰɡ
ϹʥЦã
ãлȻĵߵǵ֮·Ҳʮڵ֮ϣʥ񽣣ضҿ޵֮ģǰҵȫϣҲӦע⵽ˣҶͼմ֣һ⵶֮ѡԳʼѾ޸Ŀܡ
ã˵ĺãúáϹʥֵΨһһ⣬ܳɾ;ͷ֮γЩͷֱﵽͷ֮ǲſʼһЩա
ھͷлֻ֪֪Լ·ƫ룬˵·ʺԼΨԼ߳ĲʺԼġ
лԼĵ·Ҳй滮
ҪԽħΪĿġ
ǰʥ񽣣һҪһлЦ
ϹʥЦǲ龧ʯ
лͷû龧ʯ֮󣬳е㹻֧һڵħˡ
㲻˵ҲҪءϹʥлļͷ׼ʵȻ˶׼֮ĵλźܴ뷨Щ֮λˣǶһˣ˴ǰħ磬ͱˣҪ֪ħ缯һԴǺεȵķḻ˴棬ٽƻһϵϳȥȻ龧ʯĹףؿмɳ׵ǣأչһͷľ磬׼֮ڳ׳Ϊ֮
Ǻã׼Ҿͷл
ΣյĻǾͷڡ
ϹʥЦ׼Ҿͷ飬ڻǸʱ򣬵ܹﵽͷ磬Ȼ㡣һ£ɫ˵ʵǸ㣬ĥкܴʱնɱãȡ䣬ǶǽĴʱܸ㣬ҵȻôһЩ󣬻׼ң磬ħ磬ļ䣬ҲѡԵģоǣ㱻ãȡ䣬ǲ֪лġ
ܲпᡣ
һȡ䣬ͱ
ѡĥѸĴۣѾṩ˴İڵϱֵвлȻˡ
ǰģЩҶ֪ҵĻҲȻл˵
Ϲʥлļͷܷܳܵѹܴﵽܴﵽľ磬ҿ㣬Ŷˣ˵Ǹʲôǻꣿ
лͽǻǻĹָ˳
ǻȻǸƽģ
ţ
ûôϹʥһǻ꣬ɫʱͱˣɷͰħĺ᣿
ǡл
ҰĲСϹʥһĨɭɱ
лǰ
ϹʥҵõʥѪˮǺеĲȱڣйɷͰħĻٺ٣˵أܵ͵һ̥ͷҲ伣ˣҲµĲѾǻɵˣ
лɵˡ
ʲô̥ͷл֪ǻɵͷƺȴЩµĿǻꡣ
̵ڱаļ̥ͷ˵ֵ֮ͨ£һͷʶзһľͷͷҲʹ÷ųƽʹ壬˰˵Ҹʤʹ壬ֵܱǹؼǸڰǰ㱻Ҿͷرչˣȫͼֵͬʱɾ;ͷӶ÷ҳưģ꣬ûɹҲǾͷǳ˰ɡ
ǷȫˣҲұ֤ǿǻ꣬һȷڿɶ϶˱Ȼ˱ɱˣʣµǸǻţǰˣǻ˶Ŀ󡣡Ϲʥ˵
лһǻ˿£ȴҪۣǻֳͨ켶ڣ˭õҲûȥҪͷģôЩͷҲȻǱɱˣǻİͷвк
ϹʥӦʧ˰ͷñҲʧƽ⡣ƺеӵǻ꣬̾ԻǱɰǻ꣬ģɷͰħϵĺᣬǿֻͨ켶ھл֮һͷųĻްһҪΪ飬߿ȻڵĻ֮֮ǿΨоͷɵֿͷɣ
ѵǻҪͷշл
Ϲʥǻ꣬ǿǵǿ
лһЦҡͷ
ϹʥǿԶԶǿǵԣȾǰħαɣν죬ǾΨоͷĶܹģα죬ζʲôأʱħȥδɳԽͷľ磬ɷֻǳֵľͷ࣬ھͷУɷѷɫһЩˣǵսģΣҲؼģǵԣǾǣǵ꣬ǹؼĹؼǻԣ룬ǻ֣̹ǽӦӦɡ
ԣǽзӦġϵͷϡ


1877  𰸡ġ
ˡϹʥЦеĵǽǽĲʣӦʱ𣬰ħĹǺ˳Ծӣ˵ҪԾħ䣬˵أͷյܲУϸļأ˼ģڵǺʱʸϵģ㽫͵˼һСˣҾ˵ڹǽʥ֮Դ˵УȷļأǽҪͣΨоͷĹǺΪſԣǽͣûκҲгɳΪͨ켶ģʥ֮Դͷͬʱͷ˵
лħǾͷʡʱѾ״̬ˣ
ϹʥԶ壬˲ŵµͷħ䣬µͷģʼ޷ͬʱͷţֻǽʥ֮Դ˵ܹɣƫƫǽ꣬廨Ѫ޷ɹ׼ؼмصģǽͱͷΪͬʱʥͬʱܳɾͣ١
ǿɲҪСʥŴʥ忴ƺʵʽ٣ܶ࣬ʱʥгǿԽʥλȻص㱣ģǲ巢չĸ¸־嶼ܶ࣬Ψʥֻо޷ʥĵزʶоͷ䣬ȴ޷Ŵʥͬʱ䣬д˵ʥ֮ˣشܵģܣҾͲ̫ˡ
أҪȫŪõİ취õöָۣȫ꣬ûеļ䡣
ӱ˿е֪ѣ
лˣǻԱǽڵɣǽƷ
ԡϹʥ˵ֱȥǻĹ֡
һԭǻ̱ӡ
𣡡
ͳ˻
ǻ֮ڲһǿ˫۾˸Ų̵׹⣬ĶϹʥ
ƶԾͷãҽ㻹ǲҪ⿪֮ǽ⿪ƣǻ֮Ҳ֮£άڳ۷壬ҿԷӳͷϹʥ˵ŻʥѪˮͷԼ
һ֣ʱѹȵǻ
ǻ¶һĨ׺֮ɫ
óǽĿռָڱ㴫һ΢ǽԶ
𣡡
ǽ̵֣ڰУ渡һĹӰһֵǽ֡
꣬л̵ͼҲûʲô֮
ǻǽ֮ٴеĿǽӿµϹʥһˡ
лǻ۾
˫۾ڣϲú;ָӵ
𣡡
˻̵üĸʥ֮Դ
һжǽģӦ̴߶ʥ֮ԴûȥҪʲôǸ괫ĸоʩչ
Ϳʥ֮Դھͬʱ
һʱ䣬ⷿӰڣɷ׳ۡ
ϹʥҲİͷʥΪʣǾͱ̵ڷٵĳɳţһﵽޣȻȫ»ԻʱĿ
Ӱһǽڡ
ǽʱâʢҲƺõĳ֧֣ͷ΢ı仯ԭ겢ûʲô֮ͨûɶѸٵı仯ţȻ״̬Ȼóı仯ڲͬĲͬϸһ㰵ɫĻ档
ħΪ飡
û⴫˵еİħл裬Ҳܲ²ĳαɵİħ
Ҳ֤ʵˣħ֮صСǱ˼ʹ忪ٳʹʥ
𣡡
ħ귢һ˻ǽͨ嶼һŰɫĻ档
һɿ񱩵ȻͷųЯŰֱǻꡣ
ǻͺһһ˫۾¶֮ɫ
ǹɷ֮£ƺҪɱΪ꣬һƴǽȥһƴҪߡ
Եĳײ
Ϲʥ΢΢һЦһӣһɰһӾͽǻ밵С
ȼգһӱǽڡ
ħһڽǻȥ
ǽİѸٵʧˣʵӰҲûг֣ΨǽƯڿУʱʱĲ£ʾȻڽУǻѾ޷ı䡣
лȫ
õ֮£ǽһģͼǾǰħƯգӰΧӰϵŴӰħͷųҲڽ΢ı仯
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ǿǽȻǼٵġ
ԼСʱҵӣʱǽڷתΣ»عʥ֮Դڡ
лҲǾѾǿĶ壬һǻΪģȻ㹻ĻᣬҲǿһ¿زġ
ٹӣǽڴħһɫĻ¸ǽ档
֮л֮£һ±̺һ˿ɱŰϢʹǽȥӵĿ¡
ϹʥЦӦǵģ֮ǻǱţǻ걻գǴڵģ׾ܹתģҲã֮ɱ¾ǿǽƻϰ棬ǰħǿ߷ǽǽ¾㲻ͨ켶Ҳľˡ
һɵЦ˻
ľһƾ˽ս̱ɺɨλĸ֡
̵ǽǻ꣬ҵҲɻħ˰ɡѾȲˡ
Ϲʥ޻ջٰ
Ҳû뵽޻Ȼ˶ĺöлħͷų޻ͨ켶ʵûǶħܷӳλͲˣȻӲҷ
ͨ켶ϹʥԾĵ
лЦˣҲܱˣӦǽżУͨ켶Ҳ˶ħ䡣
ϹʥЦħҩָܹģҲɾ׼ͨ켶ˡ
ǻͬħһӡ
ħĥ֪ˣܽԸΪ飬οϹʥѹȣзĵ
лСβָһ㡣
һĨӲӵĹα渡ֳϵڻħϣϴϵǶħ
Ļħڸֳһڵĺƶħͷ­ӰӣѸٵĻɢһЩɫϢƮɢ
ħҲ¶ϲ֮ɫ
䣬лǾ֮ͣ㻨һСʱŽģǷǳϡٵġ
ħ䣬ħ̷һ˷ܵ˻
˷ܹƣתڣԭǵͽսʼĻħˣȻʼת䡣
Ϊ飬޻ĴбɵģҲҪʱתġ
Ǻ֪㡣лЦ
ϹʥڣҲûתлҩָҩָ䷽棬ǲǺ֪أ


1878  𰸡塿
ҩָʼնлһʵġ
лһֱ֣ҩָ֮Ժбõһ仰ɽһ䣬ɺҷ֣ܹѪе䣬޷֪ԶͨǸʲô֮Ҳ룬ӦúĳЩ
ˣռڣѾָﵽ𾳽磬һ淢ҩָҲһģһ⵽ԶͨɱԴҩָЩȱԼ֪ҩָȷˣǻһڣҩָһĹؼõԺѪ䣬ҲɽϹʥЦ˵
ܽѪ䴫УǶлԣòԶ
Ѫ壬ֿв٣ܹ£תͶǵģǿɸıֵһؼ
ʲôڣлʵ
ϹʥƽʥҶ
ƽʥ֪ƺڵħħɽС˵аļУƺƽʥһɫʥνҶǻƽʥڣһժƽʥ̿ή
ûֻҪҩָȡƽʥҶԺκε䣬ѪҲɽϹʥ˵ħɽһΣյĵطܻһ굽֮ڣΪµĵط汻ͷƿӡعħ磬òҪȥħɽһ취ǲժҶġ
лȻҪл
ûʲô⣬Ϲʥ㽫ļͳͳĴлһЩ磬ħ磬ϢйģҲܡ
бóֶ
ɱָ̤
ΪǳͻյĶһЩͨľ֣Ҳͼһֶ⶷ʱΪϹʥɱ
Ҳˣŵʱ򣬴δù
ɱָ׼ܹŽǰĶлյĶȣҲŽǰˡ
ɱָлҲȤѧϰԺҲȻɲǷΪںϳԼɲǷĹؼ
̤׼
̤׵磬ͬ׵㣬׼ΨһӰǾԣǾм֮ף򣬾ΪгɣͬУҲѷɫӰġ
һд׵Ϲʥ뿪ˣҪع磬׼ҵ飬Ȼǲ֧лħ硣
ῪʼһЩʱգл㿪ʼֶ
ඥ⶷ԵģȻǿޱȣ֮ᵽɱָ̤İ
ɱָ˵̤棬ȷŷǷİлܹͷںϣΪһˡ
̤䣬лȻҪý׵ͷųĽɫˡ
ôʱ䣬׵ҲѾʱɵĵزͷųĽɫҲȼ֮ףһʩչ̤лƵĽҲѷɫѡ
Ϊ׼ͨ켶ŮȻҲ˷ܲѣͬ׼еĶ
׼Ҵ󲿷˶ԵģͬԵĶҲʽģŮҲѡʺԵĶ
תۼ䣬ȥʮ졣
Щӣһζޣ޿ɲڿջڣǼһɽɽлٳó龧ʯп޵ģΪҲһ
𾳽磬ʮĿޣ˶ԣûʲôá
лͬٶȱԶʤ龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯṩ裬ʮɱƴ˿߰˸µġ
ȷּᱻ˷лžͣ
Ҫǰȥʹפء
ҲͨٱĸıһòʼнǢħ壬ƿħжܹڵħж䣬鱨֮ؼӹɵģ̣Ů֣ǲǵҲǿԺɨλġ
˶ж
лѡȥʹפأΪϹʥǰ͸һԵսʼ񵶣ħںϣɳΪ߼Ʒսʼ񵶣ʹפھһ¯
¯˼ΨһǵħԼͶˣǵõһЩеݡ
¯࣬ʹյҲ൱ħڣÿһפڶһ¯Ĵڡ
֮ѡʹΪʹƹ¯ʹһȽŮӡ
ʹפλڼǵıҲǼĵط֮һƿżǳǱ֮򣬳Ǳ֮һħɽ˿š
ƾ׼ҵݣлûܵ谭һׯ԰ڡ
һԺˮͤڣл쵽˵صģ˫ֵȻĿˮеţŵķҷԡʹеʥ⣬оȫ̹
㻹ʹפأŭ
ȥֻлɶ϶ĿƲ١
лȻһЦͷҲûлأʵ츳ǱԣΨ̫ҵĻ䣬ûоʲôۣһʧܣͻʧܵˣǺģű
лȻӦûУĿƲٸŭֱ嶥˫Ŀڸ˸Źâ
󣡡
ĿƲһһֵĺȵ
վл֣еİʱμǣں
лԾûκζˡ
ۣȷ뵽лӵ֮ǾͲͬˣҲħ۱ԴҽںϣûͫļȻۿͿԽΪħ۱ԴİԱ˾û뵽лˡ
֮£һол
ĿƲݣһ߳һ˵صĳ֣ԸӦ۵ɨ裬һһʥ⣬лעӡ
Ȼ˵ΪɨӣлҲƾݣɱֵ׼Ҽ̳ߣҲŵıǮˡ
ۼлԼӣĿƲٳױŭˣϱŷһȻɱ⣬һ˫Ŀкâʱ׼
ţⲻд˵ķʽɡлЦеĵ
Ǹʹ¯Ůӣܹ֮Ϲʥס֣Ϊ̫ˣ⵽һ֮ʢ

öЦ
һȶ˵ӰлУһϮѩ׵ȹ壬ճ˵ߣһѩ׵ɫâţٿݣҲ֮ɫˣʹ御˧Ůȣͨɫ̣ȣҲѷɫܶ࣬ʹ࡭š
ǿŮλľ磬ʱ̤λ磬лҪСֻжʮ꣬ȴûƺʹ嶼һ繫ϵ˵ǣעдɾ͡


1879  ѵһ
ų֮ĿƲǷŭ΢ѹһ£лۿ˵ÿһϸ΢ı鶼޷ӹĹ۲죬һ̣ĿƲǹһĨЦһ˿⣬ûĶŵĺ⣬֮ŶĿƲٵһӡ
˲Ը
лһЦһ£ȻʹںĿƲٲìܣŸùϵҲʹ巽˺
ˡˡתĿƲ٣ʱƽƲ٣ҵģҪ̸뿪
Ҫ̸ҺθɡĿƲЦ
ųҵıԺ
ͷбţĿƲٵıԺħ۱Դ뽻ȻĻٺ٣ҾҪԺѪϴһˡ
š
ŴŭƲ٣ڣҹȥҪΪڹϵã͸ΪΪ
ĿƲٱ˶ԴлǰǸе߷ߣݸԵ£һȻɱŷ
Թۣлûвֵ˼
лڣǸλȻԺ⣬ȴû̽ڰй۲졣
л״ЦѣڴŶԼõǻҲɣҲɱģοٰ󣬸Ȼõܹлɱġ
еˣлɫȻһ㡣
Զ̨ĳŮˣңĿƲŭ
˵ƯԲ󣬶ʹŮĵطȷǳŮҲŮˣŮ˾ǰģպޱ˵ǳŮɭɭĵԼҰ㡣
̤ǰȥ
λѹ͸ֱĿƲٵϣѹȵ͸ǰһͱȺһ
𾳽磬ͬһĲҲ֮ġ
λ֣ȫֻɱʮλĸ֣ԸĿƲȻڻ¡
ţĿƲҧгݵĶǰŮˣǿ裬ֻ磬Ҳ㣬ȵҿͨ켶磬ҪԽΪʹĴۣ
ĵĵһ㣬ˣҪɾͨ켶ǰǣ㻹ܻŲС
㣡ĿƲɫˢһ±òҰס
Ǳ޴˲֪ж٣ܹߵ𾳽ȴ٣ΪǶɱˣٴǱҲȻ
ţкͬ𣿡ʱڰ˳
ڣʹ֮һ繫ϵǿߣѾλľ硣
ȻҪŸǿ
ߣҺ˵Ҫɱˣѹֶſ˵ŪǷǵıǿұ졣ŶͬЦ
ڵɫʱ쳣ѿ
ʹлںĿƲ٣һſأδڵõļУſصӺ϶ϸſزʹĵһˣλ磬Ҫȳǿ᲻ֹһ㣬ܹͷӰвĴڡ
ʹУںĿƲһֱųſأ˵Ĺϵ⡣
ţҲֹһξ㣬˹ңݹҶ㲻Ŀⱥɱ⣬Ҳڼڡ
ǹв
ĿӣĽ
վѷɫһЩʵҪ֣ȻǱľ棬ˣ⵽˵衣
ҵǾ˵ĲŪǷǣұȷǺܶġл״棬Ҳ׳֦
ԣ΢΢һ漴лмһͷ
ȻתЦѰ·ڵ㣬ɲǰλ壬ʵ൱ڵѾλ
λΣɱ㣬ȻѴ֮лĵ˶ڵӣ棬⿴ſƲٳһ棬ҪƲһӵӣǳҵǻġ
ĿƲɻĿڣǹ¶棬ԣҲǺѽܵģϾǹ˵ġ
ƨʲôʱˡŭ
ҪϡлЦеĵҵõħ۱Դۣ֮£κ˶أųֵʱ򣬱ϵģⲻд
ĿƲޱ飬˭Ҳ֪ʲôζħ۱ԴѾΪлۣǶ̼
ǱҴ֮ŭ
ǰŪǷǣҡڴŭѩ׵ȶƶһɿ磬ϯȥ
߳ŭı
ˣĿƲҲ۱âٵĴ߶ʹĿҪڳֹ
ű
ţͲùˣԹҾ֪Զ޷ԽĴڡлֹų֡
룬˳֣״̬ʱԳ֣ϾлоģǺֲġ
Ʋ٣֣һ㹻ˡҲֹĿƲģһὫħ۱Դ͸ġ
˵ŻѾлĽǰ
ûжκαһ˫ȭͷѸٵĳȭӰǵصлȥǿ𶯵ˮغȻ飬ͤӱƷɣܵĻҲͳͳıһͿ
ֻһԺǼһƬ
лûĳ֣Ҫ󶷼޳ɺսʹȫ£Ҫֳ㹻ȲſԵġ
һ䣬׵滷ŵĽɫлĽŵ·ʩչ̤
̤ɫ磬ŭһҶۣлȭӰ·裬ҡڣ޷
̤ľһ족֡
磬硣
лƮȥλǳ˾磬ͷųȻлеģλһ̶ȵҲԽܡ
ʮսлҪλɨλҪﵽλſ
㲻Ǻų㲻Ǻų߾ͷ㲻ǺųڴսػλôһȭҽӣʵԻͣ˵Σ㣬ʱ䣬ˣڹЦȭٶȸˣˡ
һϵеǺƱ
ԽսԽ£˷ܲѣ·Ѿлڽһ
л䣬йڵĽȷһΣʱһн˵ġ
ϴȣʵܶ࣬սҲǿˡ
лԾһƵӣƽĵڣͲܸһ㾪ϲֻôʵĻҿûȤˡ
棿ıӶˣ񣡡
ŭĳٶȸ죬͡
лĵǸýˣһУԸ㣬ֻһУ


1880  ѵ
һУ
лĻͺһǿļ̼ڼҲļ¿Ҫսʵ󣬽һлܣлٵ󣬾ȻٶһлǾ͵£βѾǶӣǳ裬ļӡ
̫ˣ
ŭڷƵް㱣λȫչֳһȭԺģɢȥܵĺлҪɱ
ڣźĿƲ⻰Ҳе̫ˡ
ȻܹһлڣھĲܷ࣬ʤǸܴ⣬ôһлʤ
ŸолЩˡ
ĿƲٶĵҪһлڴ磬ĿƲٴӴԺ󣬲ٽĿˣϹӿƲ٣
Ϲӣ㲻Ҫä˺ðɡлЦǺǵĵ
󣬾ҲԽһлڣǵ񱩾л
ģҪ
磬ɱĿƲٿ
ڿȥ
˫ȭͬʱǰʹӿȵľۼȥʹȭͷĦƬƬǷɽдһ˫ȭصĲ֦Ҷп裬ͬɱ㣬Ƭضҡ
һУֻһУлԷڣȻ˵
̬Ǵ̼ڼ
νһУɱָ
лɱָо̣ϲĻǹֶΣɱָܷӽɫõ֮ϲˡ
ಡ
ɫĵѸٵĴлε֮ϡ
񱩵սҲ֮
̹ǵı֮Ҳսֳ̼䣬һĻˣڳֶĲ֦Ҷ׷׵ıڿУǿƶһ㡣
лʳָָ𣬶ȭͷм϶˳ȥ
ɱָ
̺Žɫսһָⱬȥǹֲ׵ӣһ֣չֳ׵һ±㽫ڵ˫ȭǽ˫ȭĳֵѪۣѪֱȭҲҷֿóǿţɱֱָӺ˹ȥ
ǱУڽֻһǾ
Σͷ˫Ŀ࣬һǶѩ׵ȻǰһͬʱǰγһɫĹ⻡
ٶ֮ҲлԾ̾ʹ󲿷ֶ棬Ծȷ棬Ҳȷĺܡ
ˣ
ɵķڽɫ֮£򴩡
ë裬һЩѪƮȥ
أ
ţǽɫɫĹ⻡棬ǹ⻡ǹ⻡ƺв໬İıˣλתΪ硣
һ죬ɫڵ磬ȥһٶףһ½Ժǽڶ䵹ˡ
ڸǲҽţɳȥ󻬳ȥʮס
˾棬л⣬ɱָȷǿƶն࣬ͬƷǽƶնںϵĻݡ
ڣ˵ĺܲܲһУⶼ߹ˡлĵһ̬
ʵһˡ
лҲһݿ̬ȻᱻΪ񱩾Ҫӿ˸ԣǱɫˣʾ
ȿȡ
˼һЩѪ˿˿ڣɫҰ׵Ŀл촽䶯Ҳδ˵һ仰
ݻ
˼һлɱ㣬ʲôݻɽ
ݣ
л׼μ̳˾ߣڻûʸΪʹ峤̳˵ľأԶԣܹĸҪѷɫܶࡣ
һУһаŴĿлĲ˼飬λ缶λ֣ڵľͷҲҪ˵һлʤˣ
ת뵽ԼĹϵָһĨЦ⣬һֱѹţ˷ҵˡ
ЦеĵڣǺų޵еİŪǷǵĿұأôûó
ţ㡭ָţһͨһˤڵϣȥ
ż״ˡ
İ
ݣ
ʱһյļХȻʼչעĿƲ͵Ϯ֣Ҳлıָˣ뵽лĹϵƳлδע⵽͵Ϯ
ǿʹĿ
ͬʱĿƲҲ֮ͫ˫ֳһѷ񽣣׺ݵɱȥҪϮɱлɱ
лۿʲôܹ
˵ĿƲ͵Ϯһʱɱⶼл׽ˣ͵ϮĻᡣ
ȻҪ͵ϮôٷǳˣʹҲɡ
лץȥ
۹ĿƲٵȷǿͬҲǿߣлȣǾͲ̫Զˣһ档
л֣̫ʵˡ
ž
лһץʹĿĹ漴ȭ׺ն֮ϡ
ҵУĿƲٵץס񽣣ҲƷ˸ʹޱȵĲҽкˡ
лһ۽
飡һӰٵĳ
һĸ֣ȫ֮£ٶ֮ҲǾˣʹóٶȣлڣܹ׽Ĺ켣
л֪˼ҶˣɱĿƲ٣ԼҲΪһĿƲٵա
ž
Ķ
ĿƲٿתȦڳֵĻС

ĲҽĿƲٵĿз˫۾ҵ۾ҵʹĿ
Ѫ˳ָ
˫Ŀʧлˡ
ԴĿƲ٣Լ֮ǰһϹӿƲ٣ʧȥʹĿƲٵսֹһ״ʹбų
̫ˣŭȵ
лЦ֣ǸʣƲ͵Ϯңǲǹ֣ûɱѾܸʹˡ
㡭ſڽࡣ
˹ϣȷʵͣںͿƲȴҲ磬ϧ֣͵Ϯ׼ǻ鷳ģɱġ
ֺ޺޵ĿлһۣſƲٺ뿪ˡ
ԺһƬǽ塣
ŷԸǰ
ҪңԺҲˡлŵԺĿ˵
ʧȡƲٵһ˫۾ڵˣʧΡԾɺ˷ܡ
лЦ˵Ӧøлඡ
ŵ˲˵˵ȷкԹ϶αɲ棬ȴΪҳͷҺܸмʲô°ɣǾ˵ɣֻҪģһ㣬ҲǸлˡ


1881  һ
ɴŮˣлһŽӴ֮ĸо˿ûˮĨǵ˼ȴ˵źֱܵףŮĻͱںͿƲٸеʣˡ
лȷ¡
˵ɡִһγɸԺ޷̸
ҲʾŵĽ
л֪һ¯ɶԣ
Ŵ㵵ĵǴκαģѵǸġ
ˣδʹùԣһ˫ȭͷõıгһգ˫ȭͨ켶
лҲĿееѾ˵ķ룬ûˡ
ûǰҲڲ㱻ɱл˸ɡ
ǰ˵Ȼסڣ˼ҵܣȻǲ˵ģҲʣֻһʱڿѡ£һ¶ǰ㷢¯ҵȷһֻ߼ս
лѾ㹻ˡ
Ȼɱ׼μľߣѵ׼ûд͸߼սʼ
ȻǸˣʺңǡҵõһħһ񵶣ͽѵɡл˵óһм龧ʯ¯ʹһεķá
һм龧ʯǾ൱ʮͨ龧ʯ
ŵÿҲܵõһͨ龧ʯˣ¯ԿĻᣬõһ龧ʯ
ô׵ġ
˵ٰɣΪսʼļҲĳɰˣǾ㹻龧ʯܹɹʣʮ龧ʯãͲʲôܹóġ
ź
ǰһΣҲӦȡ龧ʯҵȷû龧ʯħͻܵƣһ龧ʯˣǷһ֡ŵ
лЦãʹ죬ֻ֪ʹϲĻˬȴǼٵģһ龧ʯǽѰɡ
ҾͲඣһ龧ʯ˵ҲǾţһëŽһ龧ʯͳͳˣĵɹʲߣɹʽΪĳɣͨսʼֻвɵļʣҪðգ
¯лҲ˽ġ
˼ֻһ¯ǳɹΪٷ֮١
磬ħ¯ǳɹȴһ룬Ҳˣ¯ǾеսʼȻǳޣУΨμ̳˵ľ߲ʸõҲֻв֮һ˾սʼ
龧ʯǿɹ𣿡л
ṩ㹻龧ʯȷԣսʼǸ߼龧ʯܹɹʵģҪﵽ˳ϵļʣҪһ߼龧ʯſԡ˵
һ߼龧ʯǾһͨ龧ʯˡ
һͨ龧ʯó˺ܶܶ࣬һ߼龧ʯȴ˿õó߼龧ʯγɾͷǳѵġ
лЦóһöռָʮ߼龧ʯܴܲﵽٷ֮ٵĳɹʣ
סˡ
ûɣʮ߼龧ʯźһŵɴӣŵѯʵ
ó龧ʯʮ߼龧ʯʲô𣿡лЦе˵
һð˵ݣ
ʮ߼龧ʯֻĳɹʶѣҲֻл˵ݳޡ
ֱ̫ݳˡ
лЦѣ߼龧ʯڱħȻ֪мڣʮأ˵˵ȡ֮һ㹻ˡ
ҵлóѵ
һѵϹʥ͵ģһħ
ѵв𣬱ЯϢǲͬǷâ¶͸һ鶯֮ħŵǱŰ֮
Ҫ񵶺ħŹŹֵĵ
ʲô˵𣿡лĵ
ŵҪʹñҲԾ˫֣Աûʲôоһ˼·񵶣ɾ͵ģ䱾Դ֮У̺֮ħԵħ磬Դ֮ڣȻǵħˣڣȻ֮͵ħĳͻδйɹҸƶϣǳɹˣҲôǿ
лʼ磬ʧˣȥᾺġ
ǵǣ龧ʯǣ赣ġŲĽĵҪô龧ʯҲʧܣɹܼҲһĿǴܹƷսʼ
лЦ
ӵ㹻龧ʯʱ
Ҫսʼи߼ģǷмƷģǾͺ˵ˣϾٶ࣬ƷսʼҲӦ޲Ŷԡ
Ųûȥü΢ƺЩʲô
ˣлû˵ʲôֻǾĵȴš
һŲƵأΣ
ʲôףл
㲢ȴֻһЦҲɡƽ͸ǿҲʣĵĲƽ
лͷ֪Ҫһս˭
ļУͬΨһֵصģֻһǾǰͬΪ֮š
ţʮ꣬λ塣
䣬磬˵ΪлҲҪʮżˣҲǽλã붥廹൱һξ룬˵ȻлѷɫһЩ
ȴһЦ繫ϵЦ
ܹ˽̬ٶȣԭģǾʱ游ȥһżƾеһЩر֪ҵһЩʥˮ游һԾΪͷʹйϵϣɾ;ͷĴڣ游ʥˮʱСҵʹˮ¡
Դžͱޱȡ
ٶħµļ¼ֻţ˶Žģʹˮһ⣬Ǿǵʹˮ侭õţҲֻ۷徳ĳ̶ȣͨ켶ĶԶһĶһҪͨ켶磬ǳɹǾҲ޷ܶϣΪͨˡ
ֻܴﵽ۷徳硣
㽻ףݾǣ㾺´˴ѹƷħʹԿףҿɰͨͨħʹƹ͵ħ綥־ĵطħʹ˵ҵҪܼ򵥣ֻҪħʹڵһ
ͨ
лһˣ֮ǰ˵ļ䣬ȷУϧ֪аļ䣬õĴҲǴڣǵû֪
֪ͨħʹͨлЩɡ


1882  
ݱаʾܵȷڣǴħģֻħδܵħ˼Ҳδҵ
лȻŵ˵ʾɡ
ħʹ֪ͨ磬Ҳֻ֪˵ĺܿ϶
ģлţһ˵ѵĸоȻ֪ΪʲôҪҺǺϣǰͷϣΪͷģ㣬ɹԲǸ󣿡
ЦһŵעֻҪɱģ˵Ȼδȷǻ꣬ûģ£ᱻ𣿲ģҵΪҵʥˮע޷ɾͨ켶ͽһɶˣ˵Ϊɾ;ͷ֮𣬴ǰʽʼչأͷأǱ츳ʥˮͷѵģܹɹҲҪʱչأ꣬ҿɵȲ˵ʱͱ˸ɱˡ
˵޳֮Ȼľͻƽ
л˵֪ͨΨһ֪ô㣬Ͼǵһμ棬ȴҪ̸ĺƺš
ۣʱ򣬱ȻֻԼǰȥ˵в𣿡˵֮һǣûκôΨһñչģҪ㲻Ҫҿ㷽ó龧ʯĴ󷽳̶ȣд龧ʯ˿ҲԸҵʱ䲻ˣұһѡ
˵Ҳûлһ£ȷˣʱ䲻ˣʲô˼
ſЦϵҵһܣ˵ǣûĻҿδʱɥġ
ŵı飬٣۸оҲûз٣лһЩţΪλ˽ѣûȤ֪
ðɣһᾡġлʱ̸
óͬ档
лΨõħʹԿףŲſóͨĵص㣬˷ܺħʹ
̸֮󣬱㲻ٶԡ
ѵлԺĺԺڡ
¯ڴ˵ء
˸ȥŽƣǺԺڳһصͨǻλá
˳ͨȥл۸֪֮£ãһ
ͨٶ׳£һ൱
ﻹ۷ػš
ŽҲˣֻʣл
ŵĿռڣʲôûУлһԺԲƵҲܹ֣ˣĲܷ֡
űϵѩȶһɫĹ⻪£ǽڱһĨһȥĿռ䣬ﴣһԼһ˸ߵľ޴¯Ǳ¯
һץ¯㻺شɳռλá
ľٶлվԶعţûи
¯ȶ֮űٵóһѩɫëһӣ춼ɫĹ㣬·ţ£¯㸡ƣͼ
óʮëȥ֮Щë¯ΧȻԶȼðŰɫĻ棬ڵ֮ϡ
̸š
Ϊ˱֤¯İȫԭ¯ϵģ뿪Ǳ͵¯ҲǷƷŽ͵
лһĻĻЦǵıܡ
Ȼʧ¯ҾҪ⸶ҿɲ˵ɣһ˿ġ
ʹˮδɾͣ䵽ز
ž
һ¯һǡ
ԭƽȵ¯̲ˣһ㣬𣡡
䣡
¯ڵʱðһųҵĻ棬ֵɫ
лޣɫӦӽ֮𣬻ڴɵز
߼龧ʯŵ
ֽʢŸ߼龧ʯĿռָ׸ţл㲻õ˷ѣþǡ
ӹռָɨһۣʱеǶ٣
һ򣬹òл
һ鴤ܼӣ
һ߼龧ʯǵһͨ龧ʯˣȻһѸ߼սʼǾĵĻºü
лҲûĸ߼龧ʯҲûúܶģ֪֮񵶺ħںϣмʳɾħ֮ȻҪһ˵ʧ龧ʯе龧ʯκġ
žžž
Ȼл˵ˣǿҪĽʵлóһٶ߼龧ʯͶ¯ڡ
ԭɫĻ̷ɱ䣬ɫҲѸٵż֮ľš
֮
һٶͶһٶ߼龧ʯ
˷ʮΣܹͶӽǧö߼龧ʯǻ㳹תΪɫģҲﵽ˼֮ĳ̶ȡ
űóһö߼龧ʯͳͳķ飬ĩ״¯棬Щ¯ͼƱ˸ŵĹΣƻתһ㣬ʼ¯εš
ſʼ
¯ڲҲ
ؼʱˡ
лҲ۹עı仯
ಣಣ
񵶺ħͬʱͶ¯ڣſʼ߼龧ʯϵ¯Ͷţһöö룬龧ʯϵڣǳɫĻ潥ؿʼ͸ʼתл۹ע£񵶺ħҲʼڻȻڴĸ߼龧ʯ㹻ᴿĵħ¯ڵ󷨴߶ţʼ໥ںϡ
ǰ󲻹һСʱͶ˽ö߼龧ʯ
ĵħҲﵽһ˵ĳ̶ȡ
ˣˣˡ
ıһ㣬Բο״¯ϱĸ򽥽ظֳĸ׵͹
л̷֣ĸ׵͹澹Ȼ̺ž˵֮滹ǶţƺҪȴȱ
¯ڵ󷨣ɹʵģֻнճķˡžȵĵ漴ƺ뵽ʲôϲĵ֪ˣħǵħץеĸ߼龧ʯѹ֣ѹεħֵʱ򣬶ᵼĵħӡڣԭǵħ֮ͻȻ߼龧ʯſ
ϲУŷٵĽ߼龧ʯ飬ϵĸ״͹Уԭ޷ת̲еŶת
ǾͿ͹вϵ֮ͷų¯ڡ
һʱ䣬ԭħ¯ڣϢ棬˴˵Ľʹ¯ϵز
ѵҲʼ
Ҳ֮ˡ


1883  褰һ
ѵûгʲô쳣лʼչעţҲδ֣ǵںзʲôı仯ںϵĵʲôģֻƺеħ֮һЩںϡ
ںѵں϶ֵġ
лҲûʲôΪѵںϵȻ󣬿ʱ΢һȴط֣¯ڵ֮͵ħʼںϣ۳һոµԪ
˵˼Ԫԭʼģûʲôֱκ˶Ļôħ֮Ǿıģʺϵħ֮ʹãǱ˴ӦõĻҪģ龧ʯӦ˶Ԫںϣȴлδģ͸оԣƺʤҲֹһ㡣
ֱʱӵʦŷе⡣
¯õģ˷ķģҪ̫ߵܱеġ
֮ĿԺ͵ħںϣĵ
лԴˣδ˵Ҳûйڴ˵˵ʵ֪ʲô
ʹһ˵Ҫ뽫ٶͨٶȵʮϣǲܵģֿԾ֮͵ħںϣɾʹ˵еħ֮˵
ͨٶȵʮлԾĵ
ЩԼĶ䡣
ʮٶʲôƾлٶȣͨٶȵ龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯٶҲͨٶȵʮʮı֮䣬ǿ޻߶Ԫ޵츳ԪĻҲܹﵽʮ߰˱ӣǶصӰ
Ȼʮٶȡ
ĿԣʱӲʮ
ֻһƶϣʹͷõʱµһЩмصһݣ˵ǣ֮͵ħں϶ɵħ֮зǷ֮ħ֮ǱȫתΪҪ˷һħ֮ݺԪԪǴ˼Ԫͨͬ;ɵģԷǳİԵʣ޷ܣܱʱ֮Եôľͷħ֮ûҲΪʲôʱԭ򣬶ڣǾͷҲ޷ħ֮תΪԼ˵
ֻҪʱ𣿡лʵ
ŵҲûô򵥣ȻԼȻĻЩͷҪıʻ򵥣ֻҵλ̫֪ͣĲ࣬л׼֮ѯʣӦ֪ġ
лԵͷ
ȷŪǿԣȻȥʹõģٶȵһ£Ϊͷ޷ɲķ
ħ֮ĳ֣˵עԼͬķħ֮棬ǻ治̫ϣһ̫龧ʯǣһǰʦֻ˵زҲס
ܿ˾ͷڡ
ĸͻڵал
ɻĵƺǽ龧ʯĵħתΪ֮ˣȻЩ֮龧ʯڵĵħںϣΪħ֮ġ
㲻õ˷龧ʯʹãܹܹ֮һЩл˵
㲻Ҫħ֮ɣŵ
лЦħ֮ǰǲõܲԺѰˡ
ĿлòſЦѹͷʹõģ㶼еӦá
ʼ磬лҲû˵ʲô
󣬿ĲʹãϾϹʥ˵ˣһʱĲȱ꣬Ӧ֪ħ֮գͬ꣬ЩؼҺ̬һ⣬ʹҺ̬ǿֹġ
Ų֪ԭ򣬱㲻ϵ龧ʯ
һ¯ڣһĸͻ棬ʹߵĵħ֮ӣ˴ںϣγħ֮
ħ֮汸ͬ㣬ȴŷǳ鶯ĸо
濴ȥûʲôΣա
㹻龧ʯģħ֮㳬ɢΪ˰ȫлһӡ
һħ֮ԼС
ȷҪãʵ
л˵ͷһڵսӿһƷǳϸ΢ħ֮ɽԼľڡ
ޱ仯
ת뵤д
һħ֮֮󣬺ȻȫתΪսͬû˷һ˿һսǶʮȫתתΪܹࡣ
лĹעħ֮תһ˿սûʲôͬ뱾սڣҲδʡ
ôżæʵҲҪȻҲܹע
ûол
Ȼɣѵõħ̫֮٣
֪ԿлٶһЩħ֮εӡ
ħ֮ԾתΪսԾɺޱ仯
л㿪ʼż
ʼûʲôⷢ
лı֣Ҳ֮ǰ˵˻ɣͲסеɧҲһ˿΢ħ֮

ħ֮ո壬ű㷢һУɫ԰׵ļæħ֮ųȥ¶һδӡ
лôˣ
Ҳ֪һ˿ħ֮壬ҵľȻ̳˱ֻһ˿ħ֮߻ħµĵ
ľ
ѵҵľԲܸţлֹŵıħ֮ȷľΣģ⻹Ǹո壬вδ֣Ͼľﵽ٣ȴûУͷֶ֪Σʹƹ㣬ֻһͣǾľֻһ⻹Ҫ㡣
л֪ʲôһӹɡ
ģǿʹħ֮ġ
лЩħ֮֮ǰǰ㣬ȴ磬ֻҪһ񣬱ܹо˵ٶȣͳͳתΪսġ
ţװɡл
ԡȻлĽʲôˣҲϣʵ㹻ǵħʹ֮а֧һǧһ߼龧ʯ
лЦһ̫ˣ߼龧ʯ
ħ֮߼龧ʯǶһĻлԸóȫĸ߼龧ʯһ
л˵̫ˡ
бǣ˺Ҳɼ飬ǽϵ飬ԺҲ໥ֵԺмغô
ű㿪ʼϵؼӴ龧ʯӦá
˲ħ֮л㿪ʼСתΪսȷû֮żȻҲֳһעŵģֹʲô׵鷢


1884  褰
ħ֮ڿռڣ鶯ĸоΪ֮Ҫǿ֪ٱǽżţҲżЩʱԪҪĶࡣ
ħ֮ЧԶ׼ġ
ŵһĽʣǿлֱͻͽʽǰԽǿҵļʸС

ãŲŽǷݼʸвɱ⳹ѹȥҲеԼЩƣˡ
ɴ۲Ϊתȥעлˡ
ı仯лע⵱УŵѡҲǰģĲ˵һͱֻú
лȫ
ħ֮ʵǾˣûһ˿һ˷ѣȻٶȵõ˵
лҲоԼٵţ𾳽ĸ˵Ѹһѵһεġ
Сʱ֮ħ֮Ȼֹ
ֹ
лۣ¯󷨶ѾֹͣУһħƯ¯¯λã˸İħ⣬ĸͻҲʧˡ
ħɹ¯ֹͣˡ˵
һץħ֣лûħΣпܲٴδﵽŵӡ
űٴ¯
һжԣΨĸͻûֳһСʱǿĸٶȼȴζ޷ˡ
Уȱʲô˵Ȼʹħ֮Ǿ͸ɴ취Ū󷨵İˡ
ǵҲԣţһ߼龧ʯ͸㣬ϣܰұܡл˵
źܸɴҾͲˣôУ֧Ԯ֧ԮҲûοҰ㼤ħ֮Ҳ١ôܣ㣬㾹Ȼλɫˣ
лЦħ֮ȷǱѰСʱѸٵ㹻ħ֮һ֮䣬аճһͨ켶Ҳǲܡţλɫꣿʲô˼

żæһ֪ͣ˵©ˡ
лĿ⣬֪̯һöˮ򣬴󲻹Ĵָָ׸ǣӨ͸һЩ˿߹ճɵͼ
ʲôл
Ҳ褰Żش
褣Ƿ褣
Դħ磬лĶľˣһħһǷ褣ʧ٣лͷ֮Ͼĳڡ
ʲôãл
ŵĿǰΪֹ֪ãֻʹһáҲ֪޷͵ʮս֮ľ绮Ǻصģÿһľ綷߳ű࣬ʮÿһͻƣҪﵽű෽ͻƣԲŻ㾳绮֣ͬһڣʵ²ﵽű࣬ս£һͻһ磬ܴĲͬҾǽϸֶǲܵġ
Щлġ
񣿡л
ĵһãҲģȷɣλ磬ǰûħ֮ʱֻǳλ磬ûɡ˵
лͷ
ż˵ǸʱǺɫģڣɫģ˵ڵ֮ǰĶ
ûл
͸񣬻ᷢɫ仯ֱǺɫɫɫͰɫ껯ɫʱ򣬾ǵĶ塣Ž͵ɫ仯Ǵʮսʿʼģÿ綼ظɫı仯ҾϰڻͬȾĸС绮֣ȻˣԼֵģûʲôݡóڶö񣬡ֻöżеõģһöɣӽԺҾΨһܹȷԷඡ
ӹлţ͸鿴ţȻŵֳһĨ꣬Ȼǰɫģʾλʵ
лֹȻɫ仯
ǵۣͫ޷ģΨֻԿɫı仯˵
ɫ仯ʲô𣿡лʵ
ŵȻУֻһûҵõö֮⣬һŲƵֽţصǻúܶ࣬Ҳἰɫ仯жϿԽͷĳϵ
лͺԽͷɫ仯йأ
ǰûǵľǴʮսʿʼ޷ϸСģҲǴʮսʿʼɫתģЩǷƶϵԵɣ滹ἰ࣬Ѿƣ޷ʶˡ˵
Խͷɫתԭ
ôɫΪʲôб仯أлδı仯ûиصá
лŻ׬ˣħںϳױϣͬǴ׬׬οħɹΪǴλɫɫĵزԺͨɫ뾳жϳԼԽսļޣжϴ󣬵Լ뱻С
ǰܹɵػڣΪλɫĵزλɫأлǿаջʤλɫ꣬ǼҪлһЩˣڰʱ򣬰ȫȻǲñЩΪˡ
ǿһˡЩεĵ
ħʹͨħ֮һжǲܱ¶ģֻܺȻֻñ˴ĩ·ġ
ǸãǸȡ裬Ϊԭͷ֮·ԽͷءлЦ
ֻˡҲ֪޷ıˡ
ħл뿪ˡ
ؿջ;Улϵʹûв鿴Ȼǵʮսʼǿϣɫı仯ȫǺڣϣ𣬰ɫʵı仯
ҲһȫµС硣
СС磬ÿһСĲ࣬ڽս˫ǰ֪ԷľʵҶԷʵȫǰգ趨ֲԵģؼлܵģ˿̶ȵıݵı¶
عջ̺ͱ貢ûзء
л̵һЩӦȷǲûʲôΣգоǻҪʲô
Ǻ޷֣ϾֶǷµġ
뵽µĻһʯ㽫ʯó߶뷽йأ㽫
óħ
ħģû뵽󷴶ħлˡ
񵶺ħںϣȻħ֮ںѵеħʹĵħȻʤһɵħƫħ
лָһµ




1885  ħϢһ
һӵ֮һ¾ͽ滮һĹ֣лЦɡ
ǰ˵һ񵶺ħںϣǳɹҪﵽǼʼΪѱ̫ܣлҲզأѴ龧ʯħҲֻǸ߼ս
лҲ⣬ɲԼߣǴ˴֮еջѾǳ˷ˡ
ħл㰲Ůع顣
ֱҹʱ֣ŮҲûлع飬ло̵ٻһֺ΢ĸо
ϵվûаǰԿͨͨĵزһֻһڤڤеϵ
ƾǷϵлڼǳһҺͨĿջڣ̺ͱŮҿջȻħܲǿջڿջ½׵ĵطܲʩǳƣͬһرׯ԰
Խлħܲ
Ͳ߶Ѿɱ̸Ƕȡļ䣬ƾȻɵı㽫ЩȺ׵ħƿˡ
ħͱУһЩ켺ӣ׽ħƣҪһʱ䡣
ħܲһĿԺڣ̽ħ˶ˣֻ¡
չ˳ɡл
̺ͱʶһۣЦ˳ħѾǿ߳ˣǺǣ˵ҪлͲ߰ǵǻĺ˳ء
˲ɵöЦ
ǱȱٶĿȱ鱨ռħǡǡǵҪ
лڼٰܹ׼ڵħǵõ鱨ɱϾ׼ħż죬ħרѼ鱨ĵħȣ޷Ტ۵ģħԺڵħĶ۾ˡ
ǻħеõõ鱨óһŵͼǵħȫòͼǳϸÿһܴڰǰʱżĵطעˡ
лӹͼһۣĺڵͼ滹ע⣬ǳϸöڵͼҵ˼ǣڼھȻע˶ĵص㣬ЩطϷֱʹ壬壬ң壬ħɽ׼ռݣص㶼ɫԲȦмżֵķţлڵͼ·עҵŵĽͣͷѪ֮أ
漴óһСӣһҳ㿴ɡ
лӹСӣŷǳϸļأʮǰвڣ˵ͷ֮ɱսûϸǼˣһͷܣΪʹطĴѪطǵͼϱעλãҲһ㣬פصġ
ͷѪǾٶʱ䣬ѾıЩµʯʹλõĵħҪȼطۺ
֮ǰлûз֣ڻһ£ƺˡ
ͼСӾħ֮˵֮ռ鱨ۺ֡
лö
иõء˵
Ŷʲôл׷ʵ
Цħسռ鱨ܹôãĸֶûܹڣ鱨άֺ͸Ĺϵڴħ游һħʱħħʹõ鱨ռ壬λޱȣֻڴħֵħλõʱħִ֧˶󣬽乬ħյ鱨̫ĶһħܣҶħء
õħ֮ĴħΣҲʾħռ鱨ȷǷͬ졣
ħ廹ռЩʲô鱨лʵ
Ⱦħʹȷһͨħδ֪ĺʧˣû֪ͨڡ˵
л뵽ŵĻ߲ıˡ
㽫˵˳ûа
ŮҲ档
ܹõΣճɾͱȻǷ˵
´л㲻ʲôмưɣ漴ƲƲ죬԰ģҲа
ԣЦ
ʲôмƣҪ𣿡л۵ҵʱǾòֵܹʹϵӣжܲģǡźڣƲԹ϶ÿԽǢһ£˭뵽Ȼᷢչȵز
ҵĹ۲Ųô򵥵ġ°ͣգѽգġ
лҲܲ򵥣ڱֳֻݱ䲻òˣ϶ǺıԵġ
ЦӢͬ
λӢ۾͸˵˵¡Ц˵
лʾȽ
һ£˵ܹҵʥˮʹˮ˵ڸ֪رעҪһЩѣȻΪҪѡȥ̽żʱȻ䲻ܹõȴ棬˵ʲô˵ںСʱѾĻбǣħʹͨҲδκˣҲһ㣬ڣƲһֱԸȴܹƿ¯ҲĲ򵥡
һ޶ҪҲҪл˵
ţǶСġ
½ҹȥħõһ鱨йء
йأл֪϶ǸҪֵ飬Ѿ鱨ˣܡ
д龧ʯ֮£Ѿħ磬ᣬѹƷħʹԿпܱ£ѾǱ˴ķзǱҪңҲҪ˵
л˭
Цֵ£
İ֣лвûˡ
ֵħһˣħһ۹ϵĻӦǱֵܣħѪֵµѪѾħһԵˡһԣ͵ħյ鱨֮ұħһ¹ֵ£ֵ֣ħһԶɱĳϵ
лõϹʥļУԶɱȷļģǵħһء
ħħɽħɽ˼涼ǿռͷ򣬵ҲֻܱΪڶأԴͷԸϣҹԶɱǵħһأ繥ݵħ粻٣ڻдħɽ׼÷ɱͷ뿪ħɽǾûһָԶɱ˵ڶԶɱ˵Ҫɱ
Զɱһܹþͷ֮ɫĵط
˵ؾ˵δսһսʱʱʱ򷽾褺ɨ˷֣ʱͷĵӣ˵ʮͷΧ褣صǵħԶɱһսʮͷ¾ʮͷشͷҲӻȥͷʮ˾ͷµͷͨ켶ȥΧ˷褣ĽǲҰܣͨ켶ϸ䣬˵һս֮ʱ˵һ˥ڣ־ʮʱڣԶɱÿ궼ʮͷǾʱڣѪꡣ
ڵڶδսڣԾ˾¡


1886  ħϢ
ڶսʱһս
ʱĻ𵽵ʲôܣû֪ʱǰͷֶԿȷʵ֪ģյĽǲҰܣȻеľͷ䣬ǵʬûг׵׹˵ħ磬ǡǡҲԶɱڡ
˻ɣʱͷǺԶɱǱ濴ȥô򵥣һȵĻɣֻԶɱ̫ˣڽģ˵Ǻ򲻴磬򣬾Ϳľġ
սħġ
ħԳԽʱ֮һ˷ΪĿģԶɱԼսʱľͷ¾ͷ
ԴˣԶɱͳԶʱʼϵĵһأĵһأ˭㣿
ֵ¼ȻħһħһԵѪҲħᣬԶɱϹϵл
ʵȷˣҲƣħ飬ؽֵµıڳ˵ĿǰΪֹǣֵһڵħոճΪħ֮󣬱ħһԶɱģ֪ǷǴħԴ֮󣬱Ϣֱǰֵ²߳ԶɱĴһԶɱˣȴûһ֪Ƿ񻹻š
лĵħԽԽ˼ˣһڶ߳ˣ˼Խ֣Խϲ
ԽǸӵľ棬лԣԽѹ󣬷ܹǱٵʵ
̽ӿڼ˵ֵѾܴϢϣܺһ棬ҪģҪĻǰȥסĿջʱȺĹ١
лҡͷûȤ
ŵĺṩħʹͨȻƽ׽ħʹԿ׸óȥ
Խ鱨϶ǳȤл˸ۣôлǽð
ϡлĵ
ֵֻʱצ
ͨ죬ɫǣ
лһѣ漴ſĶߣǲһӸŪ
⻰ҵĴҩҪĶࡣ
лʱ㱻òȼգ̵βһ¡
ˣҲڡͷ𴦡
ǿûʲô˵Żȴлɲݺݵץһ£Լλá
лҧгݣһҪƵļơ
Ц裬㿴ʲôأǿ̸£֪˼룬˵ѾŸƵˡ
´οġлȻʹƽϢǷڵ𣬡˵ɣʲô鱨
Լǰ飬ϵдħǵϢˡ
лʱ侲
ħǩԼʼĵ֮һǿԼҪݻ󷨣ܹԼв
ȻܹõƽʥҶԼΥԼ֮䣬лҲǿͨҩָġ
ʲôطл
Ƿֿʮʱ䣬Ѿֿˣħʹɽлħ鱨ʾһ죬ʧˣʲôط޷֪˵
ˣлǴཻ̫ˡ
ŮֻҪٶȻźĿģԲģ˷ħʹҲȻĿĵġ
˵ħ뿪ħʹΧ˾ȣһָСӣ㿴ٶʮҳ
Էٶʮҳл鿴ݣȻǾȵ˵ħƣħһͷ֮أ֮󣬳ΪĳһħѡΪħʽ֮һ
ħĺܻԾл
뿪ħǰӱа౦˼õħµĶعħ磬ٶȽȣԼԼҪǻٵħʹڵһ󷨣һУҸоܿܶħ˵й˵
лԴҲǳͬ
ֻǻûոϢԴҲֻܽһЩ򵥵Ʋ⣬ȷҲȷ
Ůл˵һЩħյ鱨漰ħģҲģԺлãʱòϡ
˵̻֮һתħܲһֱͲ߰ռģҺͱڲסĵطһƣӦǲµģûнƣֲ뱻ħ֪ǽƻڣȥɡ
Ҳáлͬˡ
˱뿪˵أ߾סԺڡ
ħһ壬ȫʱҲˣ󲿷ֶڱһƿصģͲߵסΪģУн빬ĸо̻Իͣɡ
Ů·Ľлסڡ
ʩչǽϴһͨͨȥǰͷܸܵǿҵһƷӡڵ棬ǽ̶ȣȻŮѾһʱ䣬ȴû
ļʾڲߵ˸߹õһر޷ã¡˵
лְǽ档
λǿµģŮʵɨλҲλֵĶ֣ȷܴ󣬺οƲһߵ֮࣬ӣѾλˡ
˺󡣡лôƣѱûʲôΣյá
ŮԺˡ
лҲһ֣ػ⡣
ķҲﵽ㡣
սӿۼȭͷ֮ϣһɺͷųѸٵı㽫ǽƶ涼
ս̺ĺǺãҲıǩԺñǻɡüЩǵĵ
һлһ˵Ϣ¶롣
Ц⣬ԼʩչսڵئħʱսǶʮֻ࣬ûǹɱ֮
ŮĶԻлЦһ£Ҳû⣬ȭǽơ
䣡
ڵɵػλڣҪ˵λ
һȭ֮£ǽƺȻ顣
лҲѸٵĲ·
ֻһ˫ѥӾķ棬˫ѥӺܸɾȥͨѥûʲô𣬵ϸ֣ᷢƺһ˿˿ĵֵġ
ֽѥһϤͷлɻѥƺǡĿѥӵڲ࣬Ȼ׵ɵ֣սѥװеѥӣ
ŮԣѸٴչȥ
ѹԶ͸оһϤУķ˹ŵһ˵
ķ˹ҪùˣЦܲлõսѥȻȤԵģװǿͨ켶װʱ񵶣°ͷܹնɱͷڻ¡
лٺһЦ֪ߣҲ
迴սѥʧЦ˼ҿķ˹ô˵Ҳȫĸ֣ڻǿģǱϱȻرսͨλֶδ֡
ģɱҶԣһⶼûСлŵĵ


1887  ħϢ
װǼرߵģ޷𾳽ϽԽĵزĿǰ֪߼սʼװװʱ࣬лҲģܹķ˹и߼սʼװ
ϴβʶԼαװ׷ĳ֣һϵеΣ˵׾ǿķ˹лܷŹ
ͨ켶װ˵ǳֲǵһ׵Ļֻܷӳһ׵֮һԿս˵
л㽫սѥϡ
׵֮һ׵սѥͷųлһսѥı仯һɫ
ž
һ
սѥѾһɫ绷š
̤
лҪʩչ̤һΣ½ɫҫһգ۵Ĺ˾Ѿͨ档
Ů׷˳
ʵ
лЦܲǳ̤нɫ֧֣ҲȷеƵѷɫսѥ֧֣Ҳֻѷɫһ߶ѣǺǣԺͷӰӰٽһˣӦÿԸһϲ
ֻٶȣأ
Ҳнǿл̧߳
ž
ӲǱһߵĳһ϶ƺڶһ㣬ռѣսѥͨ켶װһףҲͨɫܱȵġ
ɴսѥлսҼױ͸սѥΣʩչĻҲѿ͸ȫʩչˣصı
죬Ůħ壬л龧ʯ
죬ʽʼ
Ůбأħ壬лһǰȥμеᣬ˴νƼǿߣĸǰ
ħʹԿףͨ˲֪ЩŴ󱳾˿ɶ֪ˣ˴θǶħʹԿġ
˽ʱѾۼ˺ܶˣЩӵֺģŴ˴飬Ҳἰֵģлۿһо۵ס
ۿɴ͸ͨһЩصĽ̸л˵Ҳżİ
ݵȻڶ¥йҡ
л̱ٶ¥ǵĳ֣ķԱŽһĹҡ
ռ䲻װȴǳݻ
Աߣ̱ʩչóһֽ
ֽʱһħŮ̵ģһй̶л۹ע£ûκ˷֡
Ϣɫ
лټ˱飬ʵʲôϢ
һǹڴħġ˵һ˻лʱֱ壬˵һСʱǰħڵľʧ
ʧʧл㵵
ȿһͷפأ֮ӴȱħҲС٣ôƾʧء
̵Ŀǰռ鱨ȺܿݽˣǾڵĵرǺƽģһƽԭЩߴ׵ĸɽûˣѾħɽע⣬ɳĳָȥˡ
д˵飬׼ڼǵȻû֪ͨҡлɫЩѿϾڵ׼μ̳֮һɱġ
ڶϢͺ׼йˡü¶һĨ⣬׼ҷΪϵһϵȻ֧ģǼǵ׼һֱǼĵжϵһϵģȻڸϻ磬ڻδ뿪鱨ʾ˴֮󣬿ܻ˶ǲħռ鱨ͼǲ׼ˣ
׼ˣ
леʱӿһɱ⣬ȻͷǾ;ǻ
ָһѥӣǿȥͨѥûʲôսѥֻҪ߶׵룬̱ữΪսѥ
ȵлҲˡ
ѾλɫʵսѥǰħҪսжǿء
ȥָħȫעȺ׼ҡл
̵ͷ뿪˹ҡ
뿪㴫ŵ
л۹ע£ȻԿţվһӣһϮ£ʵ൱ĸ֡
˽
ƿ˱˽
һűʩչĿܡ
λǣлûкſֱ˵Ŀڡ
ҽֵܵ£˵ɡ
ֵԶɱлҲرעһж˽⣬һֱڿջڵȺлǰȥĳȻҲǿ
Ŷǹֵ°ʲô£лĵ
ǰ˵Ҵַ˴ѹƷġֵ˵
лüëһš
ѹƷŵĿ꣬ǿħʹĹؼͻȻֵǰ
ŵ״ʲôע⡣
м˺ֽףħʹ֮ˣħѪɡǸ֮⡣
лĿʱϬ
ˣ
ЦǿǹغħʹĹؼһȻ˵ˣ𣿴лŻǡ
ĵ͹ˡлĵ
ŵЩ鲢ǰ㣬ֲҪ֣ҪƭĻȫ˵ǶԴ²֪飬Ǵӹֵ¿е֪ġ
ߣ
лһ˻ɣ˵ֳŵĸ˵̹ףбԴ˽ֵǵĺС
л⣬Ųûбֳôţƽĺܣ֪лܷǱϲſԵġ
ȻˣǺαҺ־ǡлҲ侲Եúƽ
ûֵĲ˶ֻ֪Ҫ־ĵĻ˶ֻܸɵ۵ķݡֵ˵
лü˶ǣαҪҷģ
ֵ³һ˵ֿ֪ܲħʹԿѣԿֻһѣ֪İѶѾ֣ȷǼٵģԿĿԷǳ󣬵Ҫȷ٣ΨоħѪ˲ſԣңԿ涼һЩħĶϣõַԿøҡ
ħµĶлĵ
ЩԥǷͬ⡣
ĿǰƿǱֵġ
л㹻龧ʯħʹԿȫԼԿףֵͨħѪֿħʹƺ֮ϡ
л͸¶Խħ֮ʵ
лٰѾˣøϧԣټϿԽħ֮ǻ᲻һд۵ĳϮɱģɲԸԳֵв
ֻ˺
ȻҲԳֽãˣҲһİ취
֣ǵ飬֪Ĳ࣬ǹܣҽһţһصĵطһҳ⣬űһʱ䴫ħ硣ƺл뷨ƽĵû޼ĺá


1888  ᡾һ
вŵĻ
л̣˵ŵʱ򣬾ѾȷŮĻĸ֪֪еƵУܹ޷оĶлۣǶԷεĻҲܸоԷһЩ⣬뷨֮ģ̫ܵ󣬵ΣԺԲơ
Ųͬ
еĸ֪ģȫõβεģֻҪһ˿⣬̾ͻ
㲻вأлĵ
ŵвԱʵ̫ߣֻֻλڣҲˡ
⣬ǱвԾлǳˬ
ļУвľֻԶͨ
влҲֻ÷˵ͷο˾ûж֧ߵĻֵ±Ȼǿ֧ߣԶɱһڵʲô˭Ҳ֪лڵδ֪£ȥǡ
֪Կħµʲôл
Ҳ˶䣬֪ͬ
ֵüͷ壬
㶼̹ף֮͸̸ϺˡлĵħֱϵѰǾħѪ˲
ãֵ²ŵðɣλܡ
Ȼл
ħԿħµһѪֻҪħѪ˵õܶôϡͨԿϵѪȫĸı䣬ɾħѪֵ²˵ֻҪԿףȻħѪᣬʱ΢һ֪ѷ֮ĺѣҲѡħѪ˺
ħѪ
лŲɵͷҲԼͬ໥һۣ˴˶оľ
Ҫ֪ħѪǼζųɾ;ͷ֮ˡ
˵ħħֱϵѪɲ˵ѪħѪֻеħѪһЩɱϾô£Ѫͷǳϡˡ
ȻҪλҲóɡֵȻ֪һ˵ǷлģѶȷ󣬡ħ᲻һһ־ĻȻ⵽ħ׷ɱȻݣûгָҳ֣һ㹻ջĻһֵģħѪ㹻ðű׼׷ɱΣճֵġ
лõ֮󣬾Ͳ±׷ɱ
ҼȻҪõȻ׼Ϊ˱׷ɱҲֵãֵ˵
˺š
Զɱı±׷ɱǿʵ׷ɱһͱԶɳǿܿ¡
ҿԷôҲе㲻ءл
ֵµȻһЦӿռָóһ֪Ƿˣ
ͻͻͻ
ڣѾ׵ͷ׵Ȼ
лҲ¡
׵׵Ŀǰ֮ףɹļ˵ϸߣʧܣҲǴɾʥס
ԽʧܣΪʥɾʥֻҪܹӳɵɽͷɱͬ궼µġ
֮أǳԽɾʥײ֪ٱ
׵Ļܹһ硣
δɣҲʱ̣һ̾ɽףʮһºһ֮˭Ҳ˵
˳̶ȣ𶯵ģȻرˣǴʹ׳ɹ֮
׵֮ģлˮ΢͸һ˿Ĳ
ˮڣһĨ͵׵⻡ֵǰɫǴ˵ϵܹϵʥ׵׵֮ġ
õ׵֮ģԽ׵֮֮׽׳Ϊʥס
㹻˰ɡֵµ
лԼƽ٣ǵĺġ
׵֮ĽлֵµҾ͸ˣõԿףɾħѪ֮һѰҶλġ
뿪˹ҡ
Ҳǡ
ֵºҲõʲôôɡлĵ
ûתлŵ͸ʹ֮ذ
˵֮ű뿪ˡ
л۹ע֮£ֵ½һңֱ뿪ֳ
ʹ֮ذǿħʱնɱʹͷĶ˵̲һЩʹءл׵֮ڵˮ򣬡һóǺ䶯ֵ¾Ȼı֣ԶɱԶɱ
״ҪԶɱĳ嶯
ûã̱㷵˹ҡ
ֱлĻУ˫ֻĲӣȵ忿ǰƺе죬ܻ벻鷢
ǾĿԴɣҪĶû˸Ҿ۰ɡлЦ
Լۣ˶ͻȻˣ̫߼ۿģԼᣬԼ˾ۣǾƻˣȺ֮̿ˮɴ󣬡׵֮ģ
л㽫ŵϸ˵һ顣
ںʥ̳ɳŮױڶթ棬ЩıҲó
ܹ뵽лûע⵽Ķ
̸ŹֵºŵʱῪʼˡ
лҲȫͷ֣ܹ̽Ĺֻ䣬ЩԸʹõǺܸ߼ģԳԽ֮ǰֲε۾޷ˡ
Ҳл۵ӵڴвԼˣʵԽԽߣյȻǼҲԽԽߵģԵǱģȻͻЧ
޷̽⵽ˣеʧȴҲ⣬۲֪˿֮ʲô
ʦǳһƷ̨
ʦ˵£ὥرϸ߳ҲԽԽߣ͵ļ۸ɽҲڽʮ龧ʯ£ƷֵԽԽ󣬾Ҳֱġ
лҲûг֣û۵ġ
ǵھżƷʦٶҲл̵ľһоƷʱҪµľھżƷ
ŮԱ˫һ񽣵̨
ƹӳ£ŮԱӵҲʾһֵĽ͸ʡ
ӰʦǵھżƷӰ߼սʼȡԽʿӰ˼˽Ůʿλ˧ǣֺ֣İŮ˵ϼƷŶҪǻûз²ģ˽㱧˹飻ҪǾԼ˧ûŮ˽ΪŮ׷ߡ
ʦĻ˵٩ջ
ӰȷŮϲһ񽣣ӯмӳٶȵ
Ҳˣл͸̶̣ܲǽҪ¶ˡ
Ӱݣ
Ӱ׼һ龧ʯ۸ߵãʦ
߼սʼһ۸ڶ龧ʯ֮䣬ӰƣֻŮ˿ʹãԶԣʺٶ͵ģƣֵ΢ۿۡ
һ򣡡лȿڡ
ˢ
ԭֳֺҪĵģлһڣ̱ѻȸеĿˢˢͶݹȥ
ǸոշҪĵҲ̰ˡ
ʦҲһ㶣漴ٶүһ򣬻ûиߵļأŮӰ
˷ܵڴ˾ۣ˱ؿɽ۸̧ߡ
ֳѻȸ˾ۡ


1889  ᡾
Ⱦκ˶û뵽ġ
ʦл֮󣬿һֵķ񣬱ĳ˵ĸ߼ۣû뵽Ȼûһ۵ġ
û˳ۣ
û˳ߵļۣ
飬Ӧ
лЦ֮࣬ҲǸпѣݣеλв˭ۣһ̧ˣԼҪˣǾҪˡ
鷳㡣лʦѯʣͷĵ
֮£ʦֻлһ龧ʯӰ
лһ֣˾ۡ
ʦ֮࣬Ҳֻ飬нʮƷƳһɹΪӥ׼Ϊһʮ龧ʯ
ӥֱ֪ʺϰԵˡ
ⰵԶ൱һȺ壬Եʹ壬Եĵħ嶼Եġ
龧ʯ
ʦ׼ۣлĸ˱ۣһӱ㳤һļ۸
˰龧ʯܹ֮۸Ҳǹڵˣڴڵģóʮ龧ʯĶ࣬Ҫ˵龧ʯϡ
龧ʯûи߼۵ģɵܹսһıʦĵõӥͬʵ֣ɻʤı
ֳԾɾĵġ
ڵ˶Źңûۡ
ǸҾĵģû˻Ӧ
ʦ飬ټӼۡ
հӥ龧ʯ£Ⱥζ˼ӼֻۣǵһαҲһЩ˵ע⡣
ʮһƷ΢ף֮ǿŽ߼սʼĸ߶ȣҺ㣬ûκҺͬͨţҲ޷ʶƣôࡣʦԵսʼǷǳģǴҲټӦܹĳ߼۰ɣ΢ף׼۶龧ʯ
İ龧ʯ
ʦ£лڶڴۣȻǱһлܵʹڡ
ı۽ٶĬ
Ȼûپۡ
۰ͰͳҪֵ˵ʱˣ۷׷ףʦмۣӦĶͷҲʼðˡ
εƷİ龧ʯߡ
лЦ㷢ֵĹ֮
ûҿƺйһνӴħɽֲߵħŮϢǶӰʼֻһ˱ۣ۸񷭱˲ܱۣ㹻龧ʯ˵Ȼ㱨۵ĻҲɵȥĵġ
Ϊʲôôл
ǧ龧ʯƺܶ࣬ɶЩ˵ƺ̫ء
̵岻ֻ֪Ҫ㹻龧ʯһص飬ǷǳҪŻдһ١
˵Ҳˡ
ֻһ˾ۣ۸ǵ׼۵һ˾ۡ
ƺҲļ龧ʯһȻ߰˼ƷԾˡ
ЩƷûлķۣҲûоģǳ֣пܱȺ֮ģǵ͵á
ܿ쵽Ʒ
νƷֺ壬һƷ嶼֪ʲôֵǿ϶ͣ׶߾Ͳ֪ˣԶģµ˿һ龧ʯµһ龧ʯĲıҲֻǼֵʮ龧ʯĶ
һǹǰĵģῪʼᱨƷļֵ
Ǵ˴ƷʦĵҲйˣ˼ġ
ǰ϶ϰչƷеģ弱龧ʯܴҪǹչ龧ʯȻע⣬ͨչû뵽Ǳ˲ˣ˵ơ
ŮԱһµĴ̨ϡ
ԲʯĻƣһ֪ͼ
֮õһħԵʯʦ΢һЩֲ֪׵ĶһЩɣħԵʯ֪ʱħһͷĶԷӡ౦ﶼԵģҲ˵ֵٸߣٴҲܱɻٵħԵʯڱͼ߼һ࣬廹δҵƽ֮浽ʲô֪ȻˣҲʲôûУֿԺܵͣϾͼߵģһƶϣһرһ£ħԵʯ׼߰龧ʯ
ıһڱˡ
ҲǶлܹļڴϡ
̵϶֮ǰ˵Ʒ֮һչ㹻龧ʯűóġ
ô˵Ǽ龧ʯˣֻرĶҪóʲôأҪ˶龧ʯƿص龧ʯҪȡһͨĴ¡лֹ
ţлҲ̽˳ȥ
뿴ܷ͸ħԵʯʲô
۸ոմħԵʯӿһεһӾͽлָ̽оˡ
ɡлһվ
ôˣҲվɻĵ
лħԵʯھȻͷųҵ̽鶼εʲôܹ
Ҳ㵡
̽飬˵ˣǾһָоûоݣȾҪµĶȻҲų⡣
߰龧ʯлԥıۣûУ龧ʯǣǡ
ֺĴٶȰˡ
ڶˬȡлģȻ֪л֣ᶼûеġ
ħԵʯ߼ͼյħԵʯ߰龧ʯֻǵ׼ۣû˼Ӽۣû˼Ӽۣʦлۣе
лɴƿţǰˣû˸ҼӼ۵ģʱ۸ȥҪҲòô龧ʯ
ʦһ
ȴʵϾԹڵ˵ѹƷǵĿ꣬ﾺֻۣðԼȥѣοǶõ龧ʯ˻ۡ
һ飬û˼ӼۡʦܵĴǻЩͳߵӡ
˼Ӽۡ
ʦεħԵʯ߰龧ʯļ۸л¡
˽ӰħԵʯϣлҲó龧ʯ֧ӰʹãħԵʯ
ħԵʯһ˿˿΢олȴԵĲлľ̽飬ǳ
֣ûȤĶڵڶƷó֮ǰķ˹һ˳
Ļʱ˵Ĺע
һĹҴ򿪣˶˳жл֮ǵڣпֵĲֻķӰɱֵ߸ȵȡ
ĶôĶлѾֻʼ鿴Щ˵ȷʵһǿķ˹ǿķ˹ΪλɫʵҲǵλĶز
˵ʵȻϡ
ͶеöħԵʯķ˹й⻪һһ磬Ȼ磬ҵĶƷ磬棬ҹƽһսΣ
лЦ֮ã
˵ĶĶʱܶ˵飬жˡ
߸Ҳ˳ĵħҶҪ㸶ۣڵɲǰ޵еʱ򣬼סҪڿķ˹߲оͱɵһҪһսûҵħ
ħҵģаȺĵ
ҲĺܲѺõơ
лЦеĵҵǵս
Ҳһս߰


1890  ᡾
ȵսлҲЩ͵ħžͷǱ˹ء
лҲ͸Щ˵ʵʵ
ȷеԾĸ֣׵ıǷҵķӰʾȻǽɫģҲ˵ӰλѾӽʵҪļλǿֹһ㡣
ǸС
л뵽˺УܹӰɱƽ֣Ҳʵֿɴлв֡
Ȼ˾ߣ˭ҲԱ֤ǷʵĶװ֮ġ
ʦķ˹
ʦٶȿڣеڶƷ
ŮԱƷʱֳЩˡ
ΪƷܴһԲεģֱԼһҵԲܣܱһЩͼƣЩͼƸŵĻǷţλһŵȼյͼ
벻Ҫٽ˰ɣҶʶʦ˵Ǳ׶ܣ
ڱ׶ܣлܵУȷļأǾǱ׶һͷ׾ıװ֮һ
׾棬ͷ֮һս죬մɾļ֮𣬸ǾмƷսʼıװǸʱĬϵĵһǿߣ֣һѱ񽣾˵׼ͨ켶ģҪװΪ׼ͨ켶ģһɹѰ֡
Ǻͱħˡ
λ׾ҲǱħնɱĵһͷ
˵ħȭװϵģΨб׶ܱҲΪõ޸ġ
˵׶ܾǻ֮Ҫõķ֮һ
׶ܣ˵Ŭڻָһ׼һǧ龧ʯʦ
߸̳ҳһǧ龧ʯ
һǧ̫˰ɡл
ôҵõȻͲҵĶˣǰӣɲ޼ɵ߸Ц
лЦҾ۰ɣҪûңǲǣ
߸ͷѵô𡣡
ðɣҾͳȫ㡣л
Ըû䡣߸
лҡҡͷˣ˵ĳȫ㣬Ҫۣǧ龧ʯ
ΪȲʤȯ߸ҪѪָлľȻ˵ˡ
лЦĿѾǰˣҪҽһҪ͸һѵûôⱬ׶ܣҪˣ
Ҫˣ˵ܵõ
ȺǿķӰˡ
ôҪҾģлЦ
УӰ
лʼ磬Ȼԣֻ·ûǷݲ
ӰһЦ̫Сҷˣ޻뻹ǿԵģοֵһǻͻħ꣬һڶ龧ʯһûءĸָǧ龧ʯ
Ҫʦһ
̼ˡ
ǧ򡣡лҲŷӰ˸߼ۡ
Ӱ۾лһڣ
ȫ˶Ϣˣһ龧ʯδ޸ֻȫʢʱһı׶ܣǶ
˶лڴļ۸
ҡлúܳڴĿ˵

Ȼˣ˵Ҫ𣿡
ɵϣû˼ҸǹˣӰġ
ڵʱһš
лһЦһ龧ʯȫʢʱһı׶ܣֹȻǼ˽ۺ񰡣Ҹʰ·硣
ӰҲһ£û뵽лȻôͷˡ
Ӵ龧ʯȻĶȥ˷ѡ
лɲӵܣοƽ޹ʵøȥ龧ʯǿķ˹壬Ӳܡ
ʱ䣬Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ˡӰЦ
ǰҾˣֻǵʱûʸ˴㣬ʱ䡣лЦ
Ӱкâл֮սܽе˲֪һսȴһĳ衣

ŨصɱŷӰ³һɢ
ʱ䣬ͬӵĳˡ
ķ˹Ҽǵ˵±׶ܣҪԶһ龧ʯߵİɣڱ׶ˣ˸һһ龧ʯŶӰתķ˹˵
ķ˹ɫˢһ±üѿ
֪ǿķ˹гֵġ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣÷ӰллߵļۣĿȻҪõ㹻龧ʯصĻ
ƻأ
ǣԼԼģ̧۸̫ɳˡ
ӢȻףʳһ龧ʯû׬ȫˡ
ĺð
˵ķ䣬ķ˹ϵļһ鴤սȭͷݺݵؿлһۣһתعҡ
˶֪лͿķ˹һսеˡ
лͷӰһۣ¶һĨЦ⣬Ц˸е䣬ֱðЦ⡣
ιʦ㰡һƷ
һЩǻҪһأҶȲˡ
УʦֻýѹƷ
ȻħʹԿס
ԿףΨһʵģǰİѶǼٵģһѼȥ飬ʵԿס
лͷЩء
Կ׾аõħѪˣɾħѪҲ˵пܴٳͷħĺᡣ
һǳɹħǿ󽫴ﵽһ㡣
ΪԿףȥʵһѽֻǽλġ
Ʒ޵׼ۡʦҲûнܣ˵ôһ䡣
֪߲ȥѯʣ֪µĺ
ڣ
ֵȿڱۣҲһڼֱĴδֵĸ߼ۣ̾֡
лѹֵֹֻǼɵ˵ľвȫӣеʱȷۺ
ԭԾԾԣ׼ĲڵһҲͣǴ˴Ҳ׼֣Ҳû龧ʯϾĳҪһЩӵҲҪ龧ʯģͳͳռģҪǣħطս½ţ龧ʯÿ춼һֲ֣Ҳ޷ġ
ֵ֪龧ʯõħʹԿס
ⳡݲճûе֣ûڴĳ߼۳֣ΨһȤķлͿķ˹ĶԾ
ֵµõħʹԿף̽뿪ˡ
Ȼ˸档
ڹֵ뿪ǲлĵ飬Ҫĵǣ߳᳡ӭЩǡ
лȻعҡ
Ⱦ֣ҪԼ״̬ѣоӦӰ֮ĸֳսĿܣⱻȱ¶жýеļȡʤǺͿķ˹ĶԾʤ
Ŀꡣ
һСʱ֮лžȵ߳ңҲ˹עУ̤᳡
ѾΪ
ӵȺʹľʮˣﶼԿĵ
ֵ룬ķ˹ȻԷ硣


1891  ǿ᡾һ
ԸĸҲۼǵע֮£ҲζлӽſԣԲܱ¶һȻлݾͿܱ¶յĶзǳϡ٣лõİ취ٶȽսΨ˲ΧûлῴԼ¶ġ
⣬лǰһķ˹ңңš
ĶȻóڷһԣлȻҲҪóҪĶĶǾħԵʯˡ
Ŀ֮£Ҳðŷġ
л㽫ħԵʯ̣š
Ҳ֮ڴһսĿʼóĶƷ˴ѡ
磬ͨ켶װװһס
ħԵʯ߼ͼзǳĿرΪһķ˹ҲҪлħԵʯΪƷˣһжʾرķͬѰ
лȻ۽Ƴ硣
߳һ̣սѥѾ˷Ӧ˲֪δƵأƺҪл߹ȥϡ
ĿԣĽ
ս
ͬʱڣսĿ𶯵ֺĳһӰмγһɿ磬תһС磬зȥҪһ˺Ѱ㡣
Եսֱ͸
˴˼ս໥̼ǵƸֱ
ʯͷɲǼ·ɽ͸һɹɵѹȸУλֶЩ޷ֿ
䣡
ķ˹һͷ޷ԶһҵĻȻϱŷȼգܣȥͬս㡣
죬գѹһ
δ֣ķ˹չʾλֲһ˿ɵǾܹóλĸֲֿ
л˫ͷҷȻըĽɫȻܷȥ涼һƣӣ̧һָķ˹ӵĵս
أ
׼õĿķ˹һ̤ء
ʱѺۣ̤ĵطǳַԲʮڵ尼ݣķ˹ͬŵڵХЯ棬ݺݵĳײȥ񶯣òʵ·潫ȼˣҪ˺飬ͬǳ̸ڵɾ죬رɫ
ǿķ˹
ûκεĶֻоԵ
ˣλ
˵ķ˹ţϣλλĸֲڻ£治١
ҲֻǴ˵һлܹڣġ
Χۣǲڳ޵Ŀϣлֹˮֻܵսзš
ƴ
лЦˣյĿǶʮսǼűܹ֮һжġ
䣡
˹УͿлϥ΢Ȼ𣬵氼ݣ˫΢΢³ѡַʽҲʱ˵ľС
ɽ
ս˭֪ռƣȫٳӳɵģοķ˹λĶ徳磬ռƣǳλĸ֣վӲĺóҲаʤġ
лѡֻһݡ
˵뷨лȻ֪ҪľЧҪǿƳ½ǿһеİ
۶ſ쭶Ŀķ˹Ǿ׵ŵ棬лһս񱩵ȥʹұ۶·ȦƵأ˱ըԵĸо
ķ˹ǰ֮ʣлȻ̧ץ˳ȥ
ײ
ž
ûо챬죬еֻ
лһ±ץס˿ķ˹˶ȭͷ񱩵սķ˹Ķײ
棬лʱо˲ͬ
ķ˹ĶȻͨĶǿʢңȻӦõõʲô׵ġ
ȷǿˣ㹻ķ˹ɨλɫĸ֣Եлһ̬ĸ֣ȴҪùˡ
սͶײһʸߣһࡣ
棬ϣֻ˲ϢĹǶ㱻սķ˹¶֮ɫķӦ죬ȹ̷أȫĶػ֣ˣһս壬ؽݻٵˡ
ƴأǿסս֣սЯı֮Ȼ
ΧĿɿڴһĻˡ
Կķ˹Ϊʼķ˹ѸٵĽȫ⵹Ҳˣ˳Ծǣķ˹ȼŵ棬ֱ׶ߣȻҲγ˻൱׳ۡ
ߣ
лһսȻӴҪķ˹ڣһҲ˵ˡ
໣
һ޺Ŀ˻ӿķ˹Ŀз
ǱĵطѸٵѿ籬ѣһɾ˵ĵķ˹зתһл뿪
ડ
֮󣬿ķ˹߰˲ڵ°˾ŸʮҵĽӡסΡ
ֻһˡ
лʳָҡҡ㲻У
ʤδ㲻Ҫ˵̫ˡķ˹ߵ
ŶʲôֶΣóл
ķ˹˫𶯣һĨҵĻٿķ˹Ѿһװ
ͷϴŵëͷħͼļУ׺ʹûħͬһ㣬ֵģ˫бۼף֮ϻͼȼףսѥͳͳɫģ渽棬˫һ׸ߵľ޽
ıֵƺһ޴ħӰ
װ
ǳװħͼѾʱħޡޣ
߼սʼװȻղؾ˰ѾʧĶУ͸
װÿķ˹սеĿˣķ˹սһƴ
ǳװ
лƲƲ죬ϹʥļУȷ˵Ǿ磬ħ磬жװǾ󲿷ֶװʮսʼϣʧȥõģսʼװָȫ֣Ҳδܹóʮװȱװǲ١

װ˵ĵطǳ޵긽棬ܹʹյĻ֪Ĵûʸ֮ǿȡл
Ҫ󣡡
ķ˹ЦҪȫ
໣
޺Ȼǳͼ洫ݳװ渽ŵĻѸٵ£ǱĳģӰҲٿȻʧû֮Уֻգۼ䣬ԭֻǴɼһӱﵽ˼֮ĵز
ҵļ֮Ǿ޽档
ķ˹˫ֳֽңңָлٶȱս⡣
װҾʹлˣһƬľ
ЩֶлԸˡ
̫˰ɣ


1892  ǿ᡾
ϳװ
Ҫ֪װǸ߼սʼװϵУÿһװóƷʣȸ߼սʼķԱ٣Ҫĳװϣǳ˵Σٳûаա
Ϊܣл
񱩾ǿԽ𾪵ħ磬޿赲ġ
ડ
лٵ̤ÿһزÿһΧ˸о޾ƺӿл壬ÿһܵ˲òˣÿһ·ϵʯٵҵ趯лһϯһа㣬ޱȵĳײȥ
ȫ
֮ǰһֻǰ˳սûг׵ıлѹƣҪ֤սǿᡣ
ޱ
лͬһͷţһɽҪ嵹ġ
汬ɱ
лвֱķ˹Ҳһ񽣸߸߾𣬶лݺݵնȥ
һն£γɵĿ磬洵ѣʯܷȥ;ס
֣
лȵ
ȭͷǾ޽ݺݵĺȥ
ȫսһ
ǳǵĺǽһضƵأ쳣˵սۿۡ
һȭһעºȻײ
أ
лȭͷصǾ޽Ľ棬̺ſֲȭͷֿ񽣵һûˣⲻİսûбսһ±㽫ķ˹ͽ޽Ķͼ֮Ȼ顣
δȫܹķ˹ֵ˷ȫûаֿԽʮսҲȫŷ
սͼ֮һӱĿķ˹˫ֲ㱬ʹ֮£˫һɣǾ޽תŷɳȥ
ͣ
ûǽڣ˵Ĳ
񽣣лֱķ˹
ž
л˫ֺʣĴָָСβָΨʳָָͻǰսҰӿ
ɱָ
˫ϵɱָǾ͵ɱָȴȵӻҪңȵʩչǿʢһࡣ
ɫս
ĸָ˽Ӳӵɫۻһжлָ⣬ſķ˹ǰıҵشȥ

ķ˹ŵüһı߶
ǳ޵ͼѸٵһλãз
أ
лָ档
ɱָҲ֮лµ
䣡
浱ɢ
ķ˹ҽһ޴ط𣬲ҽѪ󵹷ɳȥ
ಣ
лһɳ죬ﵽ㣬Ȼͷ½ϣ˫ٶȺʣſķ˹λãٶȺݺݵĴȥ
ȫٳĽ̬
˲Ϣķ˹ûд˾ʹзӦʱͿл;þ˲
ǻлսˣΣʱ̣ȻаʹԾȻ߷Щûоĥˣ˳ģ⣬Գ޴Ĳࡣ
أ
ĸָٶصĵпķ˹ǰλá
޴ǳװһƺҪһ㣬лſķ˹صء
رҳһӡ
лҲ˫أٶ̧ȭͷſķ˹ݺݵȥ
ء꣡
ûܿлһգ۵ĹںȥȭعҲȭϣȫȫ
ǰɱָɵ˺
ǳװӲлĳѺۡ
ס֣
ۼķ˹ҪĳͲסһķ˹ˣ
лٶȴȥȭͷֹͣˡ
վŰѪĿķ˹ָӵҡҡ̫ˣ
˵꣬л㲻ȥķ˹ת硣
ʤõ磬ôͨ켶װװܹףսѥἫġ
ķ˹һսûʩչսѥ
Ϊķ˹䡣
Խǿ磬лԽܹоսѥı仯涼ŵ˸Ư
һĻ˸Ǹеȡ
羹ȻԶķлġ
л̽ץȥҪץУװϵһ˲䣬һĺХȻ
䣡
һ޴ʮ״ϸ׵һ֮У춯׺ݵĳײ
׵ͶĽϡ
ıѾõ͵Ϯ
һӰҲǾ޴׵Ϸֳ
̤
лȻʩչٶȣ½ɫ籬ǰһ̣ûһץס磬ȥʮ׵ľ룬㿪׵ĺ
ɲлվΣȺжȻӰЯŵ⣬Ҽл
лԺ˵ħռ鱨
֮˶䲻ѲĽԸл׼ˡ
ЩӦþ鱨ָˡ
̿ʵƽƽԶ˺ôǾͲɱУûж˫ƽƽӳ
أأ
̿͵ˣҽźɳȥȺС
ٶȿһ˫ַٵı仯һӴ׵лֽת׵档
ˢ
׵·ӹңͳͳûڣл漴ϵϡ
ԭɫûκͼ磬ֳĵ⻷ţһģ׵Уƺܹһ綼һ㡣
ಣ
лʩչ̤һ졣
ȥ
÷ӰжһĨ⡣
ǿеĸֻǰһһ˱㵽űһȭص̤ں棬һ£˿Ѫӿеȥصڵϡ
лҲӸ߿ս£һ̤˵ıĵ˵˭ģ
ң
Ⱥ洫
ӵȺ̷ɢһϤӰ˳
׷лЩ㵡
˺ȻӦñ׼ɱɽһǧ׷Ȼû뿪Լ֣ѵ׼ҴһϵѾ׼ҼһǾˣ
ܣ׼ҾͷûбչأѰ·
ǣ׼ҸԼΪ
ȻȻʲôµģ׷ĸףλҲڰԼ֡
һ뵽λĸڰŻɱԼһɺӺ
лȫʩչܹ֮ǰҲԽġ
֮ڣûټ
ģ
׷Ҫ׼Ҳɣлĵ
׷ѣɱɽǳͷֵĵطֻ𾳽磬ȻҪɱɽһǧ꣬ǲҪȥһжɵģҪҾҪ汳
Ͳĸףĸףֵܽǡл׼׷ȱ׼ҵΪ׽ֱϵ֪񣬶⵽ĳͷ
ҹܲôֻ֪࣬Ҫ㡭׷Ȼ̧̤أ𶯡
һǿҵĲлͷ


1893  лһ
׷ľٶһǰδеΣлͷһŽǱӿдĸָ˳ȥ
һŵ൱͡
սһ±ӿ˵ڣ䵱ʬɳȥ׷͵˹ȥ
䣡
ʬ뿪߰׵ľ룬Ȼը
Űನ˷ʹ÷ԲһƬǽ壬ĵıըǳһӡ
лӦ죬ҲĽڽڰˡ
̫ˡ
лǿ֮˵Ŀ죬Ҳûˣ۹ɵĻҳģһ׵ͻأĳ֡
𣡡
һ춯ص޺ը졣
ǻҳȻɢ޴׵ҲֳӰ
ͷһǣףףţۣӥצ˫βͨ屻һʮ׵׵š
ޣ
Ǵ˵еޣѵõĿޣ
ʱһħ֮ޣȻĴڡ
ڶ
侲ķӰ߸񣬲˶¶֮ɫĲ˼鿴Ǹ߸ϵ׷
ޣȻӵޡ
׷˸ɭĺâɭɭĵΣˣ
㶥಻̤۷壬ֻﵽλ壬Ҫɱңѡлĵ֣㸸׳֡
׷شǰոյ鱨ٴ׼˶ˣع׼ңϵ׽˶ߣ׼ңͶˡ
лޱĵͷ
ҲħԵʯлĿռָȻˣʵ岻֣˽ãвлҪġ
׼ңתͶңٴ߼׼ˣѹҳ֣ԭѾǷҵ߹ˡлɨ˷Ӱһۡ
Ҳ÷Ӱһ£Ȼ֪顣
׷ԣЦȻ֪ˣǾӦ֪û˿Ծ㣬ɣ
𣡡
޷˻ѸٵСײ׷֮塣
ɱ
л״Ȼ
սѥҲΣӿɫ磬׹⣬ţлٶȡ
̤սѥļӳ֮£ٶȴﵽ˾˵ĵز
һ̣л쵽˼ޣǷ֮ƵҲٶȡ
սѥ
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Ҳмӳɵ߱װ׼
ӰҲ̲סг
װɲǳװͨ켶װÿһóƷսʼװȻʧɫġ
ϣ
ܹ̼лһʩչսѥΨޡ
װͨ켶װΪαΪ飿
ΪģΪޡ
˵װߣߣʱ˵޶Ƴġ
жô֪
۸սʵƽƽ棬ǳҲͨ켶λ磬ɾǾͷ޵ģΪǡ
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ص㡣
ʲôȼֻҪܹں޵ʱﵽ޺һĵزܹʵģȻ޵ļҲвͬδܹʮǳĿɴﵽʮ
ħޱΪɵޡ
ʱҲǸ˵ĸһ񻰰Ĵ棬ΪֹûΪλޣǵĴȫһйɣ˵ƽ򶼸ƻˡ
ͨ켶λܹͨ켶۷ľͷʮ
ƫƫ޾Ǵڵġ
ҲãҲգ޳ˣǾҪζŵõʵб̬ʽʱģҲʵ
޺һ
лҪ޺Լںϣ׷˻һҲٶȷӵޣȻײȥ
Ҫϡ
޵õ˵Ҳٵ׷
ɾٶȼ޵ĳ˴ˣǵٶлľٶǰȻԵѷɫ
ˢ
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ûƵԾƣơ
ħ㽵޵ǰ
ſ£лƴӿһȥ
ޣսһ㣬Ҳͨ켶λȥҲﵽŽսʵǿȣʵȻѷɫĶࡣ
лǰһ
ǣԭƴ׷ȻֹͣΣһĿЦȥɣɱ
ǿ˵ҲȻֹͣΣ͵ľ޴׵ٿȻڣ޴
𣡡
һİɫⶸȻ޵Ŀб
⹥һˣǳ۷ĸ֣ͨĸ֣ȫо˻
·˹ܹǶ
˸дͬǣлܵľȻǡУ
ǽе׵ͻͻĲȵõ׵֮ĸǿҰٱǧһĪϲãͬһĸо
ֵĸо
޵ĳ̫ͻȻ֮л˽ⲻ࣬ҲΪһŽսܹвԼȵνġɱ֣ȻǶ޿ɶ㡣
ݣ
һɫĵлơ
ȥɣ׷Ц
۷徳ĸֶовολл˶϶л군ˡ
أ
лվ΢գǰɫ⣬ȷŻԵҪݻлǽе׵Ȼ£ɫ̺ȻһˣȻѸٵĴлƣ۰ȻٵĴԽزֱӽڵڡ
ž
ɫû׵׵ڡ
һ̾ͿԭӲӵʼ˵ɱ䣬ǰ󲻹һӵʱ䣬ͳɱΪɫ
Χǰɫ绷ţͬ衣
лһŹֵĸо
׽ɹ
ָо˵ɣôһ˲۴ĸ򣬷·֮ǰ׵ͲɫˣûֻܳΪɾʥףѳΪ֮ףͬģлƺӦ׵缴ɽס
ں׵֮ģ̱ܹɽףлԺôһͷ
ܣ
˼Уһŵ˻л˼
лͷȥͿ׷˫ָл˼飬ŭӵı飬㣬㣬ôֵܵ޵ġɱⲻܣԲܣ
ûʲôܵġлĵ
׷ܣ޵ıɱܹ˺һ֮ĸ滨ʮоġ
л϶оˡ
ûпܣʮо޵ıɱǿԽͷ˵ĳһ꣬ñɱնɱͷǿԵģôֿܵûˣܡ׷
ԣлҲе㵡
޵ıɱȻڳﵽͨ켶λնɱͷǵһδľͷˣ


1894  л
л˼ת
ֱ׷û˵ѣ֪Ŀޣʵģֻ֣ޣΪʲôȴҪ׷ʹãҪ¶⵽Χˡ
⣬벻ͨҲȥ˼
ڵǣ׷ȷ޸Ūˣܹпƣô޸ζԴأ
˲ңҪˡлޣҲȱһɴ͸ҵɡ
޵þͷĽʺ޵ġ
Χһɧ
ܹ֮նɱͷĳħޣɱû˺лЩ۷弶ĸȴов޻ֻǾŽսʼģ˿£ǳɳǻ˵ãȷпնɱͷģлֻΪرǡÿưɡ
룬һͽͬҲ׷
׷˵Ǽ٣ȽãȻޣп֮ܽĹϵл⣬ҪĿ׷
ǵĶԻʼĬĬķӰЩվסˡ
ޣҲҪơ
Ӱ֣һҪ׷ҸոյõϢ׷һ˵ȷѾͶǷң׷Ƿˣر֤޲ҪɱӰĶߴ˵صĳϷ׿
֪ʱ׿Ѿԡ
ϣ׷˵𣿡Ӱ
˵һû޵ȷЩֻҪɳ֣ûоͷĶ֣潫޵硣׿˷ܵĵ
ӰǶ׼ˣǱѣ׼Ҳһȥġ
׿Ц˵ʱһ˽׼洦ñǣޣ׷ļ䣬Ҳ޽ϵΪޣǷҸһЩҲǿԵģӴԺûͶΣ޵ļֵԶԶЩһٱһǧ
Ӱ֪ˡӰصͷ
Ҫս
׿漴ƺ뵽ʲôҲҪСģŽսʼ޷ͷųıɱǳ£ҲԣһֱɱĴл£ҪСġ
룬ɱӰŵĵ
ȻĻΪһΪܹնɱͷ𣿡׿
ӰŽսʵıɱɱ֣ôͨ켶λĻҲһļɱͷ
޵ʲôİ
Ϊܹӵ˿µĲϹɵİ壿
ʣӰȺ˳
Ҫ֣лĵ
УĿǰΪֹܹловֻһǷӰһǺС
Ӱλɫľ磬Ѿӽλ壬Ӱ٣ķؼܹɨλĸ֡
׷ѾҷˣϣָҸӡӰĵ
׷ԣϲԣԣԣǷˣҲ׼ˣֿңҿ޵ˡ
Ҳɵӣ޵ıɱлЧȻǶ֣ȥֻ·һл޸޺һĻᣬֻҪţޣϣ
ˣٺ٣ǷˣҲ׼ҵͽл׼ͽֻС
һӣҷӰ˵ãֻٴֵĸˡӰ˵
лһսҲҵڶѡ
лĵޣҲһս
ӰݵʱЩŤսһֻҲˣҶҪܡ
ãǾһƽĶĶΡл
ʲôĶĶӰ
лָ׷ҾкųһٵӰ٣ӰҲѾгɣұƴٶȣӰٿ죬ҵ̤죬ǵĿ׷˭׷˭ǻʤ
׷һˡ
ȻΪĿ꣬Ϊһ֣ನͿܽĨɱģȻǲͬˡ
ãͬ⣡ӰԥĴӦ
ɣ֡׷е
ӰĵȻңҵͱ
׷ŭִ±ɱҲ¡
ļˡӰĵ
׷
ĸĸֵܣһЩϵˣĶѾͶңԷӰݣĿ÷ҽЩȥͻ׼ҵģĻ롣
׷սȭͷҧأ죬ƫ޿κΡ
Կʼ˰ɣӰתл
лȻһЦзֳ׷ԹԾͷ
˵Żڵء
׷ǿŷŭ⣬Ѹٵĺˣ˵ľ룬ȺҲԶ˺վھ˶һ׵ľ롣
ʼ֮ǰҿҪκ˲ò֣Ҳʲô磬ͨ켶֡лóɱֻҪҲ֣ұɱҪ׼֣ͬһѪͳͳնɱ
ԭ뷨ĳϵĸǣʱˡ
Ǿ֪˵ɱǲõĻ׼֪޵ĴڣҲȻֵġ
оͷҪôȱչأҪôĳط޷ֵʱ׼
֣һ֡л
ԡӰ
һ
Ŀԣͬʱ

Χ֮˶ס˺׷û⣬ǹغޣ˲òעˣΧĵģѻȸ

˱˴˶ţͬʱ
ֳڣлͷӰ̻һӰŰ׿׷ȥ
̤VSӰ٣
˵ľв࣬лսѥӳ֣˾Ϳֲⷽľ룬ĹƽԾ
׼𶷼ܷһٵӰ٣
ûȷϾûƴ
ˢ
ʮ֮һʱȥʮ׵ľ룬˺Ȼͷģ˭Ҳûռȡ
Ҳͬһʱ䣬˷ֱ֡
ٶȣ׸޷ֳʤƣҪһɷֳʤˡ
Ҫ׷ȻҪˡ
ƣ
ɱָ
ǰͬʱ֡
ӰһҶȭͷ֮Ϲһ޴ĹǿĴɾҲƹ棬Ȼ˳ȥ
֧£ٶȿ쵽ޡ
ٶȵ˫չ֡
ƾٶлòȵٶԻƾлͣһ˲ϢѾ㹻ˡ
лҲһ㡣
ž
һı촫
ſ񱩵սеѾǽɫ磬ǰɫĵ⡣
ɫѾǼ֮׵ɱɾ͵İɫأΣлûȷֻһо޳͵İɱİɫ׵ı仯˴󵨵뷨ֻǻδȷ
һɫչֳﵽлĳ̶ȣôܹͳͳȷˡ
ʮɫ뱾սںϣȫɱָ
лһ㣬һǵĺȳһӾͽǷӰĹ
漴ɱָİɫȥ
ˣ
ɫֱӽĹˣЯŻԵصĺӰȥ
ӰһæӶն
һնй飬ǷӰ󵹷ɳȥҲһѪ
лԺҲһͷ׵İɫǴɵļ֮ףôޱɱİɫǡ


1895  ֮סһ
һִйɳʶĴڣǾͷǸĴӦĹɶƵġ
Ϊ
ݹһ̣ܹģҲΨޣûħʱйרҪŪ޵ȴ˿ƽ⣬ʵ֮ϡ٣ֻüѵһݡ
лȻҲǲ֪εġ
ǵõ޵ıɱ׵֮Ǽϵ׵Ѹٵķȫɱ䣬ʲôһ׵
ʱл˴󵨵ļ
ֱʹǽ׵׵ͷųΧϸСɫ磬ЩɫȻﵽ˵Ĵɾļ֮׵ǿȣɶ϶νıɱİɫǡף
ΨײʸһйɣΪʷйȼʵļأݾǣʮǧ䱬ըҲɽһݻ٣֮ӴԶԶǵ֮⣬ǰνľͷǾͬϺʹĶԱȣ಻Եġ
Ȼ˿£޿ƵİɫҲ׵Դлжϣɫ缫ɢԵƤëеֻط˵ףƤëֻյ΢һЩұ׾ҪǿģȻʢһΪﵽ㹻ʱ򣬻ɱͷҲ֮ˡ
һƤë׵ĳɳ˵ԭ׵װ֮ףͨ˵İ֧֣˵г˳ɵļʣҲζһɶļʧܣС㼸ʣ˶ģڵħǿѳֵ
һ˿Ƥë֮л֪׵ɾͰ֮Ѿǰ϶顣
֮ףܿҪɾͰɡ
ˣ׵֮ġ
лã˵ľ״̬͵õȵתѸ٣ͷԸˡ
һ˷Ӱ֮лǽ̤ӵ£ɫڽŵ˸ţٶȸƾ˽һ
ɼ֮׵İɫ磬һļܱ֮ȵġ
վԭأŹע׷һĻʱ¶ɫһĨ֮ɫһлã롣
ûܹ
ǿǿֽ׶ȴԿлǱɱл֮󣬻˵޶лûвˡ

䱻䣬ĥɴȥ׷һѸ
׷㣡аȺǷӰ˵һ˲䣬õ׿ϧһд۵ı׷һ˲ĹлѾƽˡ
ħ߸лϷŪָħͺˣҲûɱȥ
˾λľ硣
һٶȻǾ׷ȴԶҽɱл
һ׷ı֮ĵʱܹ࣬ȻԺ޳ɳƿţ͵ͬھͷһĵλ˭ԸȥҲϣԱޣɱ
𣡡
쳤Х񱩵ĴлײٶȸһŰɫ磬ͣǰɫһ˶о٣ǳĸֶĪľ¸С
׷ץһҩС
ˣ
̼䣬׷˱һӱﵽλӵеƣȷаȺ߸Ҫǿһࡣ
ĴΧˡ
޳֮лȻŭ
ǰķӰǿƲ֣ѾлǳķŭھȻзаȺ߸֣ΪԼɱ
ȻٰǾҪֳ׼ұ㹻ǿƲС
ɱ
лӿǿҵɱ⣬ȻҲõ޵ģĿǰѶȼٵļӴԲκι˼ɵġ
һл㲻׼καˡ
ħȡ˳
ħںսʼ񵶶ɵģ߼սʼ񵶵ġ
ͬʱ˵ķӰͻһڣ˲Ĩֹס֮ƣƶٶȳȥ
Ӱ֪Ƿ׿ˡ
Ӱ٣
ӰϽ׿ֵ֧һ磬ٶȳɱ˿ν޳ܵңǰлĹƽҲںˡ
ֵܿƲ٣Ҫ㸶ۣʹ͵õֵһҪޣýնɱԲκһӵδնɱͷħ޴ڡ
ڱͶл֮ǣȻǺԥĳ֣ʹٵɫĹΣٵת֮ϣҲһ׺ݵɱ
Χˡ
ȫٹ˼ǰνƽӲȥ˵
ֻһ뷨Ǿ޾ԲлУΪ׼ƿصġ
ˢ
лȻֹͣ
߿վħħʢ˸İĹâƺҪһУڴͬʱǽ׵׵ΧеϸСİɫͳͳıлȡħ֮ڡ
ЩƤë΢ʵǴɾļ֮׵һںл޷ӳȫǺԥĴ߶ǽȫսˣޱĵûһ˿һı֮鷳лսУǲڵġ
ǵĺҲɢʹΧʮ׵֮У˱ƺһС
ħҲ
ɱָǿǽսȺŹĻͱ¶ˣһ˵ġ
лһȺɱΪݵˣȡǱյභУ˺ֳƶն
Ҫ˵רƷĶȷ࣬ǼеĴмӵĶֻҪѷɫˣҪʩչĻлնУѱ˷ֵģĶ̫ˣΨлʹõġ
תͬʱװҲʼ
սѥ΢΢ĲɫתȥǱͷųһʹлսõ˽߳ɵǿ
ն
ս⣬ɱ
лԭתһɿ磬ɨǱĿѺۣħתڿлһԲȦ
䣡
ԲȦͣƶն
Χ߹עУԲȦ֮аٷ֮һͣ٣ܶ޷ģɹÿ˶ܿݵһ˲䣬漴ԲȦȻɢȥ谭ı֮һ±ֺɱȥ
ܵľ׷
Ҳ׺ݵĳʹ֣֮ǹȦУһ±㽫нϣѪ棬ֱӺ鵤ʧɱĻᶼûˡ
ű߸ͷаȺˡ
̺лĹȦ谭һӱ˵ıսʼûУεֿ
ȦӹѪŽһŶͷȥ


1896  ֮ס
ǷаȺ
һ˶˵ĹлţҲ֪һӸɵϣϾЩ۷弶ֶҪͷ۵ģǷӰںҪһһƽ⡣
лһɱ֮ˡ
ǾǷаȺ
֮ѡаȺֻΪǷˣ˴ֵľǷˣǽ׷һ˵ıͶžǷӰ޳ܵĹԼܱ֮󣬷ҾȻٶȳԣɱⱬɱ˲ˣΪԼ۸ء
аȺͷ­նϣ߸ǰһʮ׵ѪۣѪӿعǶѣһЩѺۡ
ܣлٵ
ˢˢ
ǹȦӰǰ֮ʣлٶҳһǵ⣬ƶն
أ
ӰͬʱǹȦǻδǵȻ٣ٶȳֵֵȻҪˣ̺ŵİɫǿġ
䣡䣡
УͬʱҽһѪɳȥ
˰ˣһˡ
Ҳʱųɱǿ뱾ɱҲսʼģʶٶȾ̫ˡ
л̽һץ
ǰĹȦҲԶɢ޵ǼٵģĿĿҪûŵޡ
лץץ޵ͷ­ͬʱҧסħҲץ˳ȥĿ׷
һһ޼ȻͣȻǲֿܷġ
ֻҪǣɿޡ
ޣл˵Ƿռ磬ɳٶȾԻᳬʮģıϡ
أ
лһץס޵ͷǡ
𣡡
޿󣬰ɫ͵ĺɱȥ֮ǰıɱһͳͳڣΪл׵ɣϵϴ׵ѸٵŰ֮׽ţǰٶлܻɣͿɽ׵ģ׵֮ģ͸Щϵʹá
޵׷ھˡ
ĵﱻϣѾûܣֻƾлţлƺעˡ
Ҳʱⷢˡ
һ˿޵΢綸ȻȺз쵽µĺ׷
лһʱӦˡ
֮£κ˶ע⣬΢Ǽ֮磬ֵǳĸַ׿
ͬǼ׿ܹӳ֮ӽһлڵľ磬Էӳʮ֮һȻûȵģǼ֮翴ƺ΢ɱλĸ֡
أ
лϷſޣִ߶ȫȻȥ
һȭһ۷֡
䣡
ɫȭͷӰ׶ߡ
֮΢ǳ΢СȴǼ֮ɵı㽫ȭͷӰͬˮڻѩ棬ûа谭һ±㴩͸ȥ׷Ĳ档
׷͸еһ˿΢棬űʲô֪ˡ
򿴵׷ͷأͬһǼ֮ʵԽߵģӳŻĿֲ
׷һ޵ʱĲҽУ忪ʼѡ
׿
лȺеķ׿ŭȴæץסޣҪֹȴǲˡ
Ȼ޷лһץסħӦħ˴ڵĵطץסһɫļһֽĺȶﲻ硣
һ֣лʱȷ׵һƤë
޵ĳͣǽ׵һƤëɹġ
˵֣ٵûлڽ׵֮Уʹ׵ףݣлԺлһͷ
׵Ҫɽˡ
һֺȻĸоҪȥ˼ͺ񿴵ȻȻı֪Ҫһĵ
֮ױؽ͡
лͷѣܹ֮߱ףδܹɨһеĻˣͷϲ֮࣬ͬзŭ
ǾǶԷ׿ŭ
лѹϲãϾõ׵ǹȸˣȻע⵽ģܴҪ鷳н֮׽֮鷳Ҳ¡
Ȼת۱ŷ׿
׿лŭȵ
׿λ֣ž³صЩͨ켶뿪׿˵ǳڷߵˡ
˵ŭǵһΡ
׿ŭȵ
̤߳
ڳ֮ʣ֪Ȼлģ޵⣬Ҳףɵ׼ңҲǰԲ׼˵õ
ǷҳϣȻ׼ˣҲ˶ңҪΪ׼峤̳˵ľߣʸҳڳ࣬´ΣݹҴ׼˽ѵ㡣׿˵
лŷ׿ɭɭĵ׿Ҽ޳ܵģ޳֮ˣǵһμħڿɲǺͷ׿ͻʱ򣬱Ͼ׼ҵĳָո뿪δٶǲֻԼ㣬׷֮׼˵ĶԹΪ÷Ӱ֣ҲͰˣӰˣΪ÷аȺ֣⻹㣬ȻӰٶҶ֣Բһβ㣬Ȼֳֻɱ׷ң׿Ƿ׼˸ոձߣδµĸֵ޼ɵң׼Ҳɱ㡣
ߣ׿ЦҲ֣Һʱ֣˭֤ҵҪ㣬ɱаȺ֮𣬷Ҿưոݣ

лЦȻֵָ׿Ϻȵ޳ܷ׿סڴ˷ģұֽɱ㶯֮ǰҪˡ
ȫȻ
˭Ҳû뵽лȻս׿óλĸ֡
ȻڼսǷ׿ľϾѾ˽ӽͨ쾳ĵزлҪ׷ҲǺѵðɡ
׿ɫ࣬˸źâȻлսֻûɵľȻһ˿Īĵģблŵӣһɱĵײˡ
ңܾõġлһ˿Ц⣬һת̵ߣ˱뿪ˡ
û˸ǡ
ͨȷ˷֮ʩչ㰵лعħפڣı衣
淢һУлعĶ̶ʱڣħŮѾռһй̽ˣɼħ鱨ռȷǳĳɫ
׿̫ɶˣȵ׼˵Ҫɱɱ硣̺޺޵ĵ
ЦҿǵӦøл׿
ΪʲôȻһʱֲеԵɡ
лЦǱ˽Լ
Ц׵ףӦͨ޵Ѿ˱ȻɹĵزǷ׿ֻɱ׷ĻôһãȻΪʸ֮ģ׼Ƿչأޣܶзٶǵģֶ֣ʱǿܱ˼ҸɱģأˣΣǰõģ޻ŻҪĺô
֪ߣ谡лЦѾо׵ؼʱˣҪȥչأȡ׵׳ɹǾͰĴħռ鱨
лŮǣʩչ뿪ǣٶһɽȣ£ٳһռ䣬ʼ׵


1897  ֮ס
׽׼֮ףһйǲ̫ǿңһ֮ʥ׽׵Ļܹһ𶯵ģΪͣȻͷųʮ֮һҵɢģǸʱиֶҽӽʱ̣һͷų֮ǿɲ󣬳ˮأŲţǱļɡ
лħ磬һ֮أȻǲܲйģԶԶĶ㿪ǣľ롣
Ű
ǧ׵ľ룬л˶״̬ң˶ľܣһжֹͣˣΨǵﴦڷɱ䡣
ɫ׵һС㣬ϵɢȦϴ׵
С׵֮γɵģϴ׵䲻ϵɱ䣬Ű֮׽š
лһУ˶ͶС
ʱգ۱ȥˡ
ľɽҲӭ˱仯ʱյͷʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬˷ӿīơ
û֪ЩôֵģͻȻ֮䣬ѾһƬգɽΧǧ֮ڶ˺ڰ磬һĹֲָ
ȻҲ൱һλС
һʱ䣬˷ƶ
ееĸֶͣϵ飬׷׵ķϸ߿գлڵɽλá
һ˿˿ĵƾճ֡
ɽΧĵ⣬ÿһϸ˿˿ĻԻᾪģΪЩȫǼ֮ס
˶ļ֮ģˮеɽȵرţҲǳµЩ֮׿ǶܹǿģͲǳܹԿˣǷ׿ȳλҲֻܼɵˣȫͨ켶ġ
֮׹ﵽһ֮󣬱㿪ʼйɵתлֱķΪģÿһ׹ⶼתģ˴һ޴׵ԽɽŸ߿նȥ
˶ܹһ׹أ׵óûһ˸ǰӽ
ڣͬڴĿš
Ȼл׵ײŮЩŵĿţɹкܴͬġ
ǧ׵лɸһУ񶼳ȥ
û˼ά㡣
ȥţֻڴһõĻ׵Ľס
˿׵һɢĹԽԽ٣׵Ѿ˴ɫģûһ˿ʡ
ȥˡ
лָĿռָ΢΢һ׵֮ˮ
ž꣡
ˮԶѡ
׵֮ҲȻɢһ׵֣л׵׵뵤ڵ׵ӡ
֮л㻺شӵڳһУлǲ֪ģѾȥƺΪһ壬һݹͨڸ꣬۰
뿪棬л׵ȥС
䡭
ϡ
֮ϣ¡׵˷ٵĻ۹ȥ׵λý
Ǻ׵翪ʼѸٵŨ
м֮ľ޴׵Ҳʼۼȥ
һ޴׵ʼΡ
֣Ϊʲôûг֣Ѿ鲻òþͻѾԽˣΪʲôӰ׵ǲ⡣
׿ĵû֣Ǹطƻδ־Ѿˡ
ôܣӰȻ
ûʲôܣ׵ӦѾԽͨ켶ˡ׿˵ûɢȻĻħƶһٴݻٵġ
Խͨ켶ǲǳԽͷѵʥӰ
׿Ҳò׼
ʥĳͺεѣ͵ħҲǷǳģûм˼ġ
ʱȥˡ
ħ˷۶׵Ѿൽһݵĵز׹⹹ɵ׵Ҳ׵Уһ޴ֱԼ׵ľ޴
͵һ̣ԲڵĵħͳͳתΪԵˣ֮ϳһ޴׳׵۵ϵ·ĩյʱһ㣬ѹһиֶ
ƯڿелҲǾ޴ڡ
һУڵɲ
״ʼѸٵڣ侫׷׵׵֮ڣ׵һεϴ
׵лڻָ
۾
Ҳ˫Ŀһ˲䣬׵ֹͣ׵ǡ˽ףɾͰ֮ףһ֮ĸо
ž
ѩɫİ֮΢΢һҲһѡ
ǻûȫ׵Ȼһ±㱬ѿ֮ϣ׵糤Ҳ֮
䡭
һʱѰ㡣
ԲʮڣʳѺۣͬħһ㣬νҵҲ֮׵ķ飬Ҳûãʮڣ沢δܵԵĴҲûгݣеĸ֣ͨ켶ǿҲ׷أûһ˸ڿз衣
˴ģĶӲŽ
ǿֲƻء
лҲ𾪲ѣǿֻǰ֮׵һ΢Ķʩչݣ͵һ˴ѣȻһ缸Ƿӳʮ֮һҲԽħˣ
д˰֮ףֻҪԼʵ㹻ˣӳɵɱͨľͷһԶͨʹͷ֮ͬɱģɨһеĵز
֣֮лġ
ƮƮվһǧ׵ĸɽ¡
׿ŸɽлͷѣҪԿԼܹӳ֮׶ٵ
֮װٷ֮һƶͨͨ켶ּɵģлҲزֻһͷܹӰ֮ǧ֮һҲǷǳˡ
һлȫž
ڵİ֮΢΢Ĳһ£һĨѩ׵ĵӰ֮ɢҲ߶սлһָ
ݣ
ѩɫĵָ
ûʲôеֻһ˿΢Ĺâ
ѩ׵ûǧ׸ɽڡ
л۾ĵȥоҪһſԼܹӳ֮׶ٵ
䡭
ѩ׵ûɽ֮رһ
֮леĿһĻˣǧ׸ߵĸɽڻζ֮֮Ļҳ˷ɢȥôʧˣֻпǼɽȣ֪һɽ
Ҫݻǧ׸ɽ߽սʿҪ㣬״ݻ٣ȭͷСʯͷ£Ҳġ
ոеп͸еͷĿѣ
ȫ·һӱˣûжõսѷɫʧҲһͷԵǰڣȥ
ֻǴ߶Ű֮΢ɲһȻлĶҲʣˣľѾˡ
ˣлԺȻӹһͷ
֮ǧ֮һ


1898  Լһ
ģ֮޷ܣͨ켶ֵҲԵֿģлҲף׵УĺôˣȻĻһʵ飬ԼҵҲ̫ˡ
ͬģлһ޴ơ
ˣ²ٶð֮׵Ϊﵽͨ켶лͬһƣǾʥ츳˲ָ
Ķôͨ츳˲Ϣָ
Ҳ˵лʹһΰ֮ǧ֮һĻᣬȻֻһΣõõǳĸҲδǲնɱ
ͷչжϣлţɱ˳۷弶ĸ֣شλĸֻǿԵġ
׿лһ˿ɭɭЦ
Ǹɱˣ
лһ½ǣȫ̹ޱȣ֮׽ףȴİһĺôǾʱŵħ˶лʱ̴ڸС
Ժ߾İǷǳġ
Ű֮׶ԵħմлǷһ˿Ц⣬ıչһʱ䣬ɴﵽλɫĵزˡ
˴ĶлȻҪ뿪ˣʹعǡ
˶ۼ鿴ɲȥǡ
ڻǵ͵ãǰ֮ףĵƣǲ򲻵ѵʱ򣬾ԲܶãϾⲻݣǶлͬĵƣһʹã˿ȻǱ϶Ϊʽģͬʱʹãڵħڵ£ȫĲܲãϾ̫ˣв̫ˡ
عǣҵ̣ǲûнħפأŮ֮£һ۵СԺڡ
Ů˵ǣħǵ׼Ѿ˴ӱ𴦸ϵǣȻټɵʲô
СԺڻһ׼ҵĳ
Ϊġ
СԺһ˲䣬л۱һ۵С䣬ͬģƺһĿ⴩͸ǽڣлˡ
л΢΢һЦֱǷڡ
Ů棬һЩ׼Ҹ֣㶼𾳽ϵĸ֣Ǹǰġ
뷿䣬Ȼһ
ǰлģһ˵ģûʲôرֻ֮˺ʱںһ㡣
лܹоĵһ֮ףȻûдɣ൱ġ
֪ҵݰɡĵĵ
лЦ֪ǰʵĳ
Ϲʥ͸лļУܣ׼ڵ౻ƿ֮˵ݣϹʱʵܣΨû˻ʵġ
ıϹʥ˼֮һʳҲгϢһΪѾﵽͨ쾳磬δɾͣҲΪǰͷġ
ıΪͷͨ쾳֮ǰڣƲ٣ӰһΪδľͷģǵͨ켶ܹĿһ˵ĳɾͣΪܹΪͷģٷ֮ʮͨ켶λֻȼܹﵽͨ켶λﵽͷÿһ˵ǳϡٵġ
֪ãҴ˴ǰǼҪһ֮ģȹݡ˵ҪֻҪһЩʱģƱ׽赣ʲôˣԺҪĻ㾡ܸңڵħ磬κι˼ɣ
ħ磬κι˼ɣ
Ǻεȵĺ
лҲһ󼤵ܿ侲һϣͨԼŬҵ
ΨĥѣܿٵԼ̫Ǻɳġ

ԣɵôЦ
ǰЦʲôлĵ
֮ǰҿЦ˵˵㣬㶨ȻģҪԼǼ˽㰡Ц
лЦҲˡ
ĵͷΪ̫ƣлűϿɣ϶δɾͲģܹȶͷģ˵˵°ɡ
ǰ뽲л
ȵ飬׼Ѿ֪ҲŪˣħµ֮һħ֮󣬾³£һ󷨣ħʧˣݲȫȷħܿܽħʹĺĵط
лüëһħʹΧΪǿܣһ룿
ĵħʹԶô򵥣׳ƵħʹռʮħʹΧʵҲһңһĵشԼԲʮķΧУħµһЩã˵Щͨ켶λ֣ǾͷԵˣҲ̤еģħʹĵĵطģǷ˴ڣûȷ˴ԣħδʼУҲΪṳ̂еԵʣԶ²ħħʹĵ򡣡
ԡлҡҡͷ
뵽һֿܡ
ħܹУôҪĴݻ󷨵飬Ҳ˷ˣܹɵؽ룬Ҳǰŵħͨ켶ֽ룬ɴݻ٣ҪԼġ
ǴħȴԼԼԼ
еˡ
Ŀֻ֣һǴħƣûдݻ֮˵ûбҪлڵ˷ģǰɱǣôֻеڶֿܣħͨȣǽħʹġ
ԣĵ
лԣħûнħʹĿĵӦһط
üȥħʹȥʲôطʲôطܹħ½ƣܾ
ǰڵħ磬ֵħģֻһطпܡл˵
ĵԶɱ
ҲΨԶɱʸħ˵ӣ߸޷ħۡ
лһ˿ЦֵԶɱħ̽鱨ֵǰѿħʹԿףųϴѪΪħѪˣħ򼫿ܽԶɱ֮ʲôϵ
Ҳ֪Զɱħʹ֮ȻĳϵҷǳĽܡ
ֵ¡ʹŵĺͬ̽Ѱħʹô򵥵鰡
ζ϶ħȥħʹģĵ
лͽԼķ˵һ飬Զɱħµħһٶİ
ĵͷû˵
Ҳ˳˼
һʱ䣬쳣
˶˼⣬лŹڴħֵ֮ĺоħĶȻܹ춯صģƽģȻݣ˵ǶģȻǣ档
ãĳһתģעԶɱһصġ
漰ԶɱʵҲ޷棬ϾĽУ²ҪɱģԶɱǿͷĵط
һ£˵м£Ҫ֪ͨ㣬ǹһҵġ
һ˱ͶңĶ׷ޣޱ׼ҵģҲ˶׼ҲӦٴɡл
ޣǿζδɱͷĴڰ
Ц׼ŭȥ˷ң˵թ˲ٺö˳ͷ˰ˣԽѹȥͳͳնɱΨһϧǣ׷ǰû뿪ǣٺ׼˽֮󣬱»عħˣԶһ٣ҲҪСģ϶֮ǵģȻһԸġ
ǰģκҲáлŵĵ
ɷӰ֮ǧ֮һţҲһĻģȫ޶ԿĻᡣ


1899  Լ
̸ֽࡣ
޷лǧҪ¶ݣĻΣս˼˻ʮŬ׻ΪеģҲرĶ
ԴˣлȻǸעġ
̸̸ţͽ⳶л׵װ֮ľ޴棬ԴлȻؿƿߵŮ֮⣬κ֪ǵĻй¶ȥһ֪һΣա
̸ǾƵʱ֪ˡ
̸ֹ
׼ڼͬڶǰ൱ĸ֣ٳǿߣפڼǵһڣռܴ󣬵ڼõĻǴ˵صģͬңʹȸƳ۷弶֣ʵͨ켶ⰵġ
ƽͨ켶ҲˣȻ
ȥǰɣ׼δ̳˵ħκһ˶Իˡ˵
лȻû˵
ȷ׼Ҽ̳ݣŵĻᣬϾ׼峤̳˱ȷĲֻһܹͨ켶˶Դ飬Ǿͱڼ̳˵УҲǷصģԺϱҪΪлҲҪġ
߳䣬½ơ
һУҲȥǰ˵ܲòȥ棬ǹؼһմﵽߵľ磬ŸʸһָֻţҲбıǮϾڵľƣңǾͷ䶼ģοͨ켶֡
ĵΣ̴Ц
֪һЩܲлЦϴɾˣڴϵҡ
̷ֵİһۡ
лĵ׻ԽԽ޼ɵջԼˣǱ費ڸŮ˾ϸ֮󣬸Ǵ󵨵չ¶޷顣
һ̵ķزлѹеĻ棬СԺĿڡ
ʱһֱΪˣкŶˡ
Ϊһĳϡ
ã֪ʲô£л֮󣬱λȻȻľ˾뼪档
Դ˲⣬ǰ˵Ϊ׼ҼҲֻʱ⡣
ҴҪٽġƽͣް
뽲л
һϣƽϢٶǶᡣ
ἰ붷֮ĶԹ𣬹ؼһ㻹߸ģȻˣܹöǰĸԭ׼档
׼ɱפأͷ°ˣҲָ֪ܷǲɱѵ׼ˣչأ޷֣·ֻܵģ׼ٽڶԶ巢ѣҲӦԡ
û߸ìܵĺáлߵɱûʲôƻأǾ˵ˡ
ڶ¾ǹ߸ģѾˡ
л΢΢һ߸ˣ
ҲһۣǻûõϢء
߸СʱǰϮɱĿǰȫ׷֡͵
ǻҰɣл
ɫЩȻĵˣʱ߸һͬһģҲϮɱˡ
ϱȻǳĸ֡
ϮɱǿߣȻлѳϹϵˡ
߸ˣҽˣƺûгⰡлƲƲ졣
һ鶷٣ϣܹƽóһСƿӷϡ
鶷Ƕеһ鵤Ƿǳаġ
лȻ߸ҺͶҲûʲôϸˡ
˵Ԥϣʵ࣬ͻֻ˻ģҵڶ±ǣٰҶעһϮɱ߸ĿˣܰæҳҶл
һעġл˵
ֳûӪĻˡ
뿪̺ͱѸٵϵħ壬ܿħ巽洫Ϣ
˵Ŀģл鱨߽ѯʵ
ЦģֵҲѾˡ
Ŷħ鱨Ĳ򵥰лȵĵ嶼û취ģħȻ˿ı֪ˣ˭ɵģ
ˣҪ޻ǣöǷͻôеǡñħ˷֣Խ޻ǵһЩĨˡ˵
Ƿң
лİķŭˡ
ҿ˵εԼǸ׿׼ոոǽѵȻһס
ʱһѵˡ
ͷεĽڷ˾ҲңԶǣһľ棬Ժ󻹻ˣŪıġҲ
һתЦ½Ұɣǿҵģ֤÷ҺĪ
ôл
ܣܿͻ֪ģõõ÷߽ⶼûпܵġ˵꣬һ̵ܳȥˡ
£лǺܷĵġ
Ͼٱڶթĺʥ̳ɳģ˼˵Ļó顣
лû
鶷Ƕı˵ÿһʱڣһö鶷ģܹĻƣҲܹΪģȻлڵľ磬϶ָͨ˷õ鶷Ǹ߼鶷
ʱʹһš
лùżɨһۣݺܼ򵥣лǰ¸Ҫ̣رҪлһǰȥɴˡ
ʲôлЩС
Ÿֵ֮˼֮ĺлǳĲʹ죬һֱǣߵĸоһԼǰȥ¸Ҳ֪ǲʲôٶȼǵĺС
лЩ졣
żлתʹˣ˵ڸԼġ
ͨħʹͨעҪħʹǱһˡ
Ŷʲô뷨ɣЦʵѵʩչ˼ƣ
лûĵҿɶûȤ
ƲǵǣˣҼҵİֻŮȤҪĺãҪƯҪ츳ҲҪС
ԴˣлٺЦŽӵ뻳С
ǰԴˡ˵ĺ⣬ûǰļƽϡ
лı鶷͵ߣǸĲɡ
ֽӹ漴һ֣鶷лĿУȫʱ̣κܹĶҪȥˣһҪԼãֻЩɳΪͷǲܹȫġ
ȻˣлҲٿ
鶷ҩָҲʲô綾֮ģ鶷һ壬㻯лҲ̻ع鷿䣬бΪ令ʼö鶷Ҳٶȳ


1900  𾪡һ
¸ΪǱ־ԵĽķ³¸Դ繥ݵħ֮󣬱תΪ˴ìܣЭĵطҲΪб־ԵĵطˣȾˢֵҲݵλˣܹ̽ϢħǽΪҪռ鱨
л¸֮ǰѾħ˽˴ȫҲȷ˵ȷֻһ¸󣬲ˣҲû˰би֮ġ
лǰֵ³еĲˬ΢ƽϢһЩ
¸оŲ㣬״ھŲֻаƽңÿҲֻһԤ˲ʲôݣҲֻھŲ»
űԤ¸ھŲ㡣
УлҲԶĿҲۣ赣ıʶƵġ
֮£ԲڵһжĺУκ鶼ӹлĹ۲죬ǿʹø߼θſԡ
лҲһ¸ߴطʹø߼ˣ޷̽鵽ʲôĵط۵ףȻҲгĸָӦˣȴûбʾʲôȻ뵽лˡ
¸ǽƴֱӷĳһģ¸ͨ켶µĽƣΨŲſԡ
л¸Ҳרµķͨһ¸Ų㣬ͬʱ͸ۿܵҲ˼νԼĿģɲΪŻѾ¸ھŲԼûش̸
˼ȥƺħʹ֮УҲ벻ʲô
ôţ㵽¸ڰ˲㡣
յһ㣬¥һǡʹ߳лһ۾Ϳķ׿
ĿԣʱһŶĿĺâҲȻ½֮ˣ˶һ׹ߵĸо
׿
󣡡
ͬʱ
лû뵽׿־Ҫݽɱ֮һѾ֮ˣ˵ĹϵעУƫƫݣ÷׿ҳֻ֣ܱĵȴлս
ڷ׿ԵǱлܵķӰ
˿̵ķӰлĿ˺⣬Ǻ֮лһ˿ľ壬ĺлˣɻܣûеսԷӰҲлֱӣ˴δ÷ӰĥӰҪͨ켶ľѶȻӴܶ౶ġ
׿վâ
лҲתԷ׿
еսңΪβһս׿
ˣл
׿ЦʸҺ𣿡
лƲ㲻£ΪҪһսж٣б㽫ʵѹʮʱ򾳽һսҾһֻ㽻ս֮ڣؽɱ
׿ɫ࣬ɱء
ʮʱŲʮսʣлȻûȵģʱΪжǱһ·ͬڵıΪоͷǱȴ𾳽ˣǱⶫʱ򷴶壬Ǳ˲Ųɳ
ߣɱҲûг˶㶯ֵģҵϣܹսҡ׿вĵ
лȻһЦȻ֪ıΪǱ˿սʾģԭǺܶ鲢ģȫԲϧ۳ֵġ
ģҲģ㣬ˡлЦ˵겻Ƿ׿̤ھŲȥ
ĿԶȥıӰ׿һеľƱһɭɱϼ˶
ӰϣԸ߸ǰ㣬г֣ɵ
׿ԣһ˿Ц⡣
ھŲ㣬лĲòôݳޣһַ豹ζɢŵϢĵطò͵λãò͵ĵطڴڣܹܶط۵ס
Ŵ˿վڴڣü۽üҴһ˿ǳƺ˼ʲôȻûзлĵ
лҲûгǰ
ˡŸо
飬û㡣лĵţһֱܵĽܾŮӲ򵥡
Ҳûʲô£ǡ˵ɫȻһ䣬ȵĵ㣬Ѿλɫˣ
лЦҡ
λɫɫ꣬Ϊ鶷ԵʣҲ˲СĽ
ҵһμǺɫ꣬ħ֮ﵽɫ꣬Ųʮ죬ִﵽ˽ɫ꾳磬˵´μ棬ǰɫˡ˵
Ѹٵȷе˼顣
𿴶λ磬ǽɫɫʱʵǿ࣬սǿࡣ
лʲô£
е̸̸££ǰ㷢˶ǳаѳ˺ĸо
ʲô£ҡлļҹЦǺǵĵһ͵ѿ²ٰɡ
ŵܲ٣۰ҵ龧ʯ
лһЦðҪ֪ʲô飬ǲֵĶſԡ
Ǳ߳Ա˵ɣҺܶˡ˵
Ѿζȣıָţһ֣ȥЩãһŨŨ
лԶ
гһڲˣл
ǾͶԵ㣬һѵ龧ʯͳͳԻҲǺҪԻһ
лһЦ򵥡
˳ųţҲˣܿ㳶˸ĸ棬лȻѯŵĸĸ
ûˣˣҲ䵽˵زЩɬĵ
˼л˵ֹƺ֪Ÿĸû
νĵҶѾϰˣΪʮһ䣬ѾʹʮһٮٮߣΪʹĸء
ʮһָʮһЩˣǵеٮٮߣڶʮǰͬڵķӰ߸ˣǱ϶δͷǱģҲرģʵὥ˵ҰʧרĿޡ
ʮһưϧʮ֮߰ˡл̾
Ϲʥ͸ļУʮһϸݣ巽ʮһɶһľ콾һĸֿǱһӵĳɫȻлٰ⣬һߣȴУҷӰʹſ֮⣬ûܹھʮһѾﵽ۷弶ͨ켶أȻһͨ켶ʱҪͻٶȾͻ轵ʮģҪһЩлͻƣԲŻа³ܶˣͨ켶λϣûеǧġ
ʮ֮߰ˣҿһıһıҧгݵĵıҸĸҲȥҵ常ĸҲûκηչǱֻˡ
лı常ĸ


1901  𾪡
һŭӣлһֹԼԼǰʲôĿġ
лҲ˾񣬿û⣬ʵѾ˾裬Ѿ˲ԣ˵
ıʮһıޱȣݣҲӦ˵ɽһɡ
ɽһ磬ͷֹͣչأ߳һӰԶ顣
лȻ֪ġ
˵ɽһͨ켶ģû飬ʶΪ׼ͨ켶һ䶯˷Ӣһã׼Ǽ׼ͨ켶巽飬ͷ棬ɽʱʮһ˽ȥᣬһң粻Ǻʮһȫ׼ͨ켶֮ʱȴ׼ͨ켶ھȻ̺һȻըʮһĸٷ֮ʮл֪ݼ򵥵˵һ顣
Ǹһıź
ıлüʱǾۼһľ֣˭磬ıѵͲ¼ŭͷ
һΪǾͷΪ
ľлȻƲסͷһ£ľ΢΢һζ𰸵ȷ̫ˡ
˵ģлһ˿ɡ
Ȼġſ϶ĵ
лüҺţͷΪʲôҪʮһ֣һǻԵĴؼǣпǰͷƿصʮһˣΪҺš
һҲţʵ
ģȻǾͷ֮أô֪ģл
֪ģѸ㣬ҿԱ֤ģҿԸ㣬ͷԭŲţûбҪһţֻϣ֮󣬰ɱһˡ˵
лĵ˵ɡ
ûӦҪæɱһˣҲûз
վŴҹػУƽȴһ˿˿΢ĲлȷܼǼװģⷽ滹ܹٵġ
лЩſܻ˵滰
Ż˵ʮһͻ˵ԴЩͷ֮Ի͵һһ֮⣬õʮһҲûʸӵģʮһʮ֮ǰﵽλнʮ֮࣬ʲô֣أʮǰﵽλĶҲˣǵĻԻͱ϶ϣ϶δϣܽҪµľͷҿֹܲһƽ⽫ᱻƣĳһ֮ϡ
ֹ˲ã˶˴ģĳ־ͷǱ˲һЩ뷨ǿЩÿһóǰѵһģǳҲ⣬һʮˣԾ巽Ͻ˵飬ȴóһǾʮ˵оȻʮȥͬһطǱȥǸط顣
л˫
֪ؼˡ
˵֣Ȼͷĵط
ͷأ
𰸵ȷĳл֮⣬ƾ۶Ŵ˿ĸ֪˿оǼŭ£ŵȸǱݳģȻǣʵĿԾͷǳĴ
𾪰ɣűл˵
лͷ⡣
ͷʱ𾪣Ǿ£Ǳͷ׵߸ˣԲŻһƲߣ׼ͨ켶ǰȥȻȥͳͳɱޱȡ
ˣͷѵûаձ֤Щ˶ΪѵͲֶܹͨƣ֮ģΪҪȡֶΣлЩ⣬˵ͷóһĴʦطƱ˵ģΪλѡȼҵֶΡ
ųΪûǸ£ͷ˲֪ȴ֪ͷһݳ磬Ϊȵħħ˿ֻܵ͵ͷ֣ͷ֪ͷɱͷаʱͷŻָģҳնɱ⻹㣬ͷ֪ιʱƺһԼɱ䣬Ϊ˷ֹͷֳûɱʮ֣ȫǰͷǺʮ֮ңʮͷֱһͷս·磬ͷãƿأͷըֱӽͷɱˣһЩ˵֤֪ͷֽŵˣΪѸͿݣڶصãһսʼĸֱը֮Ҳþͷ˵ģǸû֣ĴԵĴҲǵͷǵı
ŵ˵л˺ܶࡣ
ͷʼлеһ̣գȻĴ˼һ˵ϣǽʥǣ߲㣬ȴ޷Ѱҳ
ڴˣܹ˽һЩȻлġ
֪ĵͷǼ̳ʱĻ֮Զͨǡǡ෴̳е֮
Ȼ߱˴ˣศɵģΪʲôͷǿ˵ԶͨЩأ
ѵԶͨʵ
ûпܣлԶͨӴļϼһþǲ׾óľˡ
ʵʵ
˶꣬ĿĿֻһǾʥ֮ĵᡣ
лЦȻ֪ˣǾ͸ع⣬ɲóȻĻðɡ
㸸ĸҲУл
ڡЩĵڶʮʱѾﵽλĵز˵δɾ;ͷĳɵİգóΪͷҲ£ɺޱͷƣղҵ常ĸΪ˱ҲܲҲԸʷδԶڳҵĿУǾҵĸҵʱճ˸֪ԶΪҾǵŮ
лԣҲŵ常ĸ
֮࣬лʶһֵ˼⣬ţʹˮ
ٵĺ˺һŲ˵ûҹģʱҾϳʹˮ֪ʹˮĺ
ʱƺżɡлĵ
һĺӾȻĻ
㲻ҲһɵĴҵֻƬбƶϳ𡣡ƽĵ
㣬ûǷݾģûô뷨л
Ц˵Ļֱ˵ûʲô
лҪСĲС


1902  ǧ֮һһ
һڼʱܹ˳ģ˵ǳ뷨ȥһ˿ܵ𣿿ܼ
˵лĵһоЩµŮˡ
Ů˾ûбô򵥡
лԺŻһΣյıǩԲСŮˣȻĻôĶ֪
ţûɵлȻ뵽ºˣƺǵǻһεġ
Ѿϰˡſɬĵ
лȻɣ
ҡҡͷܶ㲻֪ģҲ˵гһգһɡ
˵ȻлĹϵûôȻ˵ġ
ǰ˵ҪҰæɱһˣô£л
һһͷһʹͷһδľͷ
ͣ˺ܶݡ
лעǣʹͷҲ˵ڣƲٵ˸ʹһһЩǰģҲ⣬ϾÿҪ˲ŵġ
νδͷлǲмһˣֻһ˵ѣܷɹҪ˵Ŭ
Ӧú͸ĸ֮ҲЩϵɡл
ųûҸĸǵͷ֮أǴ˵ĸĸȥģȴҽڣûнУԹŮȷ˻Ǳ츳ŵͷʹֶΡ
лһɵһˣȷһıŸĸı
Сʱ֮ᵽ媷¥ҽɱҿɴӦɱһˡ˵
Ϊʲôңлû
ŵһ֪϶ҪʹͷȤЩĸ֣δɾδһԽڣƲٵȹһֽ׶εɾ;ҪǵģҪҪΪ磬һˣҪߵ·ܶࣻڶ˽ά˶࣬ҲЩɣ֪һֶΪȭӦеȤ
л𣬶ţƵĿ
û취Ϊ˱Ϊ˻ֻˡſɬĵά˶еĿ֮һҪɱңֻ취Ƚˡ
͡
лһЦǿɬıЩˬԼƵò֣ȴ飬ŮĻĿ¡
гһȻкܴǸԸһջԵսлǿܣڶά˶֣ȷǳɱ⣬ΪһİŮˣǱά˶ɱҪά˶౨𣬽ά˶عʹפҲûгȭǺģǰһԾͷĶݵ׼ۣȭ׼Ҷǰ
һ󣬱ȻĶġ
лȻǼٵģҪ뱻ʶƣҲȻᶯ֣Ÿĸо̫Ļ̫ˣһŮǰǲ֣һĻɡ
Ҫɱά˶࣬Ҳһڣҿһ£һ֮ɱлˬã䵭˵
ά˶гɱ֮⣬һĿģǱġƽĵģȥźܴţǰܶ࣬ΨжЩ꣬Ϊͻͽʹͷֻ࣬ʱ䣬Ӱ˽սһǰﵽλɫĸ߶ȣǷ۷壬Ҳһδ֪֣Ϊǰ䣬»ָλ磬ȻѾ˾ԵĿɻɱ㣬Żᵽģɱ㣬һٶõģԶ㿪ʱ䣬ǰ㣬ɱά˶࣬ҲǷһ飬ԺõõҵģģȻȫԸ㿴
лתãȥɱά˶֮࣬ڲħںδ
΢΢һЦã
лźһܹŪô߾һȺ֧һֻһڿ֧š
֮תȥ
뿪¸¥лѸٵ媷¥ȥ׼ǰϵ媷¥Ϯɱά˶ࡣ
뿪¸һ̣һӰȰӰ߳Ƿ׿
֣СӾȻûʹʱעţΪ׼Ѿפǣû˸Ҷ֡׿¶һĨЦݣҪ֮أӰΣ׼ҲԷΪ
׿һʧӰ١
媷¥¸һطֻ΢Сһ㣬ʱֵʱлȫɴﵽ׵ľ룬ֻҪά˶֣ǰ׼
ά˶ĳ࣬ļǷǳ̵ģΪΪŮɫôȤΨһĵŮҲһ·۷ˣȴά˶ɱܲά˶֮ǡ
Ϊõļ䣬һЩ̼лɱ⣬֪ά˶жôĺ⡣
һСʱգۼȥˡ
лĺڳһϤӰǾά˶࣬һķΣ˧ĽӣλĻģָţ˴˼˵ЦģȻһġ
ǵн媷¥
ۣͨлܿһĺõطһ㵽˾媷¥Լǧ׵ĵطһƧĵطҲά˶˱ؾ֮ء
лվڰ˶ؼ䣬ƻһӣǻǲݣʯͷûаϢ
˺һľ磬ʲô̿еļܣܴ̿ﵽĸ߶ȡ
һ֮ά˶˵㴫лĶߣҪۡĶͨҲúѾңžĵطĺԶ
ү˵Сӻ᲻ʲôö
һģȻүʲôүûʱˣ
ǲ֪Сûиү׼˶үҿÿġĵĻά˶Це˵
һһģҿ͸¶үİˣ˵ϼһͽүү׼ء
ά˶ٺЦãҡ
δ˵꣬ѾлڵĴԼҵĵط׼лȻɱȥ
̤
һֱǽٶޣսѥʹ̤ﵽǳ˵ĵزø߹лһ磬һӰٵķӰֻܲٶȡ
ֻס
ʱٷ֮һ붼лѾά˶ǰ쵽µʳָָ𣬺ݺݵصȥ
ɱָ
Ϊֶɱָ׵ɾͰ֮׵ĸ߶ȣѾɸѹһж
ߵͣǿͬһ˵ʩչлɱָа֮ͷŵİɫϣɫ׵ɾͰ֮ףҲӴɾļ֮ʥˣһ׹⣬ҲҪͷܹǿӳȫģлֻܷӳһҲ;׵ġ


1903  ǧ֮һ
ˣ
ͻȻĴɱûά˶ʲôң·׼һ㣬һ㣬һĨɫĹһ޴ĶƱǰڵͬʱҵλͬǰһģٶȹƣγƱ˴˵ӷļƣѸٵĺˡ
ңӦı֣񾭹һлһ֣Լɱƺά˶֪Ĺо
أ
лָڶ֮ϡ
ʥ׵ɱָ˸ѩɫĹ磬лһָУǵһƱȻ飬ûаֿڶҲָУûбѣǱһ㣬ɱָʥ͸ڶƣά˶һͼŵĶ档
лڵҲǷӳʥװٷ֮һ⻹սԶͬ׵Եʣλ֣ٷ֮һԷӳġ
䣡
ƷԸǿſֲһʥ׺£Ȼм䱻㸡һѺۣȴãȻɢɱָе൱
ˣɱָһҲ͸ȥˡ
ۣ
ѪŽ
ά˶վûж㿪һɱָҼ磬ʹ֮£ҽһ󵹷ɳȥ
ү
һæó񽣣ɫչҼй赲л׷ɱ
һ֣лҲǰ̾һά˶ĺǿȷӰҪ
۷ɫ꾳硣
ȷӰǿ᲻ֹһ㰡
лҲﵽλɫĸ߶ȣǲ¶𶷼£Ҳֻܲȡ͵ϮϾյĶ̫ˣǿҲɱָ̤Ķ̫ƽԽսް
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أ
лλֵĹֱӱмײȥ˫ȭҲػ棬ǿսһ±㽫ǿ񽣸ϣսЯľ޴ǿı֮Ҳãһ±㽫˱ս֮£֮еĺȻը
Ĩɱ
лֱ߳ƺûܵ谭ά˶쭶ȥѩɫ׵粻ϵ˸˻һĨ㵽˽ǰ
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ͷά˶ǿֹס֮ƣظһʹҲֻţ˫ͬʱȥ
ڴ˹ؼʱ̣Ψг谭лһ˲л
лһ˫Ҳһȥ
أأ
ֲֻɱֱָά˶˫ȭ
ǿսӿȵĳȥ֮£ûʱ䷢ȫά˶ο⣿
ָ۵ĹֱӶά˶˫ۣ飬Ӽͷȥ
ά˶˫۱ϡ
ʹ֮£ȥҲ档
лһ̤ά˶ĵλã䵤ȱά˶Զκֻܵȴ
ά˶࣬ǰʹ岻ϳԣһձɱ㣬ζŵԡлĵ
㣬աά˶ɫѵĵ
лһһӣά˶Ŀռָߣһ⡣
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лͷǰĶ׿ɣ
֮Աֳ·Ϊ׿ڰ뱻ʶưˡ
һ֮׻ɱ׿ҲкܴĿܱߵģ԰ȫ¶Ϊ
ռָлĶǰ档
֪ˡ׿Ӱ߳
лЦۣλֲᷢ㡣
ΪңԶۣǿʱҲԸоģΪûиоң׿
ֻ˵̫ˡлЦȻûۣǿ϶ᱻ֣õĶͨ
ۣһʵ̫ģɷ֡
Ķͨûɵ뿪¸ʱл㶯Ķͨͬ׵ľ룬׿˵һ᲻֪׿
׿ĵұ޴֪ҪȻҵ򣬸ҽɱĻᡣ
лҡҡͷʧĵ㻹޴ûˣȻ֪ˣο֪ܲͨ˵أû֣Ȼʵ׼ǰ̫֮Ĳˡ
׿ɫ΢䡣
漴׿侲׼Ҹ֣Ҳˣûɣ
лЦ׿˵ԭڵ֮׵Ͼ֮׵ɲܹʹõģҪһʱġ
Ѿ׼׵ˡ
֮ǰ㼸⡣лƽĵľ׼ɱפأѵܽѵ𣿡
׿ߵɱ㣬׼û֤ݱҸɵģҺΣɱ㣬ұȻõҸ߲ӣعפأԽɾͨ쾳磬ɱ㣬ֻкô
Ŷǲ֪ǷӰأл
С׿˵ʵ̫ˡ
ɲ˷ʱ䣬ʲôء
δ䣬һ㣬쭶ǲǿƾŷ׿λʵٶҲлȫ汬ٶܱȵģϾʵ̫ˡ
лֻǰһһۻɱȥ
ܹǿ׿Σ޷жϷ׿ʲôطѾ׼׵лȭ
״ð֮׶ԵУǳλĸ֣ЧΣԼұ֤
ѩɫĵлȭͷ֮ϡ
ǵ⿴ȥ΢ͬСһ㣬ĺܲʵҲûʲôµƲɱķ׿ȴΣ
ҲֻǸеһ˿ְˣϾǳλ֣𾳽ĸ֣һָܴģλΣУ
һĹлһȭӭ˷׿ȭͷ
ҲͨģǾۣлܹӰ֮׵һҲҪԱ׿еΣա
أ
ȭͷײһ
֮ǧ֮һǰ˵׿лֻǶĳɵҲǿɱλֵģȫҲ޷֮ǧ֮һһ³ɢˡ
䣡
׿ұ۵һƬѪһϸ˿ĵ˳ƽ׿Ҽ磬塣
һһ˿ô׿ҲȻĽ֡
𣡡
׿뷢ţһֱ۳ʧʹȻݣǻֱ۵ԼˣҪȱ֤ȥһв
һ˲ϢĹ򣬷׿ȫķ綷͵ĳ壬һϸ˿ĵ
ͬʱлҲٶȸоĹȣҪʵĸܡ
Ҳһǰˤ
ǹĵ
츳˲ָ
׼лʩչҲܹʩչ֮׵ıϣ廹δˤʱ򣬱Ѿָ۷״̬


1904  ǧ֮һ
ֻҪָһоͶпܡ
лҲǰңԼӵ˲ָˣ֮׾ǽ׳ɹҲֻܵ裬޷ʹõġ
ָ׿в
һϸ˿ĵǰ֮׵Ȼֻǰ֮ǧ֮һԾɾл
𣡡
֮䣬׿춯صȻһ˻𣬿񱩵ķ綷ż֮һۻһ⿹⡣
߽ڷ׿Ϊսġ
ء
Ϳ׿ϲϵһѩɫĹ㣬֮Ǹֹĵطᷢը
˫磬ţβ˫ȣȴͷÿطйһı춯
һʱ䣬һƬƬСѪα˷ӷȥ
׿ҽŲϵغˡ
ʮ˲ϴʮ춯νǱˣ඼ܵ൱ĳѪȹأֹסơ
л۸֪£̷ַ׿Ϣǳ˥ҲڻɢıԵҲ˵׿Ѿֿˡ
ܹǧ֮һİ֮ȫһҲΪѾﵽ˷Ƿĸ߶ȡ
ɱ㣡׿˻ţȻվ𣬽űһת쭳ȥ
лƵٻɢʵǧ֮һսʾ綼Ȼװ֣ߣÿ𣿡
䣬һ㱬ȥ
һ죬ֱ׿Ľǰ
鶯·䣡׿˻һǼ֮ǧ֮һļ֮Ȼɢһ磬׿Զȥ
лԷ׿ֳľҲǰ
ǳ׷֮ӵ֮Ҳɢȴ÷׿֮ٶһܿɹ۵ĵزпӵġ
лЦһ֮£ڵһж۵ףĶͨ˵ڵһжӹĹ۲졣
ûˡ
ˢ
лһһַȥ
ʱ䶷֮ʱ侲ֹ
һ޶Ķ޴ʱһ̷֣Ŵһӱ㽫׿ס
ȫʢʱڣ׿ܴݻʱ֡
ڣսʼﲻƿʱ侲ֹ㱻̶סˡ
лһȭڷ׿λá
䣡
ս͸׿࣬Ǳ塣
㣬㡭׿Ȼ
лߵûҾ˼絶񱩾л
˵֮лӶһ⣬ǻư֮׵ϸ΢ʥס
һ֮£׿Ϊҽ궼׵Ļ𣬱Ͼ磬Ǻһġ
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Ȼеţɷ׿վǳλ֡
ΨһеϧľǷ׿ĿռָȭͷһӴʱű۰򳹵׵ıٵˡȻܵõ׿ණ
лʩչ뿪˵ء
һսȻעġ
ڵ£óά˶ĿռָɨƣóһЩкȻǱȭĶᣬҲ֪ά˶ȥ˽ףǸʲôлõȻҪ¡
Ŀһ±ȭ֮
ðԵȭ⶷ɱָǿֹһ㣬ںԶɵļױˡлĵ
ױϻư֮׵Щʥ¡ݣܹںϱȭɱָУȻǴﵽĸ߶ȣлںϳԼɲǷʱġ
лҲ˷ܲѡ
ΨһһȱǱȭɣлʱ޷ȭ
ȴȭά˶ĿռָһЩлȤΨһűлһ顣
Ǳ˺ģȻά˶ǿġ
ݣлЦά˶ĸĸȻŵ߰ߣʱҲû뵽Լߵ˾Ȼ˼Ұŵģά˶ǰ媷¥ȻҲǽ˽׵ĻᣬҪɱţãã˼ʹǺܲг
Żٵ
ҲĻĿ£лȻҲһЩֶţֹͨŵݣħڳǸߵߣԿơ
΢һ£л·¸
ۣͨлﲢûзҸ֣Ȼ˲Ϊлܹڷ׿ǰġ
ˣϹһĨЦ⡣
лʼ磬һά˶ѡ
ά˶࣬Ӧ۷ɫľ磬˿ٵĽնɱҪս½ˡŵ
ҶѡлһЦȻ˵Ž׿Ҳɵˣ֪ʲôʱܹħϢҡ
ھͿԡŵ
л𣬡
ŻصԶɱ
Ȼƶϵһ޶лֹȻħԶɱôֵ֤һǰȥԶɱǴħָġ
Ͳ˵Ǽٵ鱨żлڳ˼˵
лȻһЦ㣬ȻҪǾҪһ㣬ǼٵģԺĺܲοħʲôطûʲôҲûбҪ˵ٻƭҡ
ſһЦĺʹ졣
֪˵Ķӱɱˡ
Ҳúʹ죬ֻϧҪʱ߾衣лϣħʲôط֪˶ûȴ֪ŵıһ֧Լ
Ц
˽ûн̸ʲôֻг
ֱҹ˲Ÿ뿪
صסлҲñħ忪ʼűŵĴǣлҲûܿд𰸡
㿪ʼĵȴֵµĵ
ֻҪֵˣźһǰħʹģȻлҲῪʼעֵµͬʱлᣬ᲻ϧ۵ùֵ£̶ȡļ䣬ֻĿǰܲˡ
ʮգлձչ
飬ôά˶ҲʹһЩж׿ڷҷûʲôϾǷ׿л鷳һҿĻ׼Էٶȳֵġ
֮׾дյħ龧ʯƷ龧ʯȵȶصлٶǷǳ˵ġ
ʮյĿޣµġ
ڴڼǲ֪ν߸֮оǱҲûţħ壬ħȫ鱨˷ܹҲȴЩ£ȫȡճλ硣
һµʱתۼš
лٴӭʵľɫɱ䣬ɫ꣬ҲǴﵽλĶ壬λҲңԶˡ
ⷬҲлΪϲ
ħŲʱ䣬λٶ֮죬˵Ǵһ¼ɡ


1905  Ŀħʹ
һµлΪλ壬Ҳֵ¼Ϣֹͣ
ħ崫鱨ֵѾԶɱ뿪Ŀǣ뵽ֵܹڵлӵֳȻ뿪عԶɱлԴҲ߾ģ֮
оǣֵ¿ѾǾ߱ħѪˡ
ӵħѪˣʿ֪ȻǷǷģֵ¡ź˿ɶǼ򵥵ҪСĽвͿٲġ
ֵ´һƣǾǲܱ¶ԶɱܣѾлգԼá
չأлȴֵµĵ֮ʣһˣ˷ܵЦݡ
ʱ䣬Ҳûôһֱæ
ôˣǲʲôջ񣿡лЦʵ
Цеĵհһˮ˵㻹ǵö弪ϵ𣿡
лȻǵãʱ̻˵ڶͷҵľأôìܼˣ
Ҳ̫С˰ɣʾʵͷһҺģٱֶΣö֪Ƿҳɱ߸ˣͼ޻ǵģҲͨ켶̫ϳϳЭ⳥ǿȶٱ֮ ˼£ͨ켶̫ϳҲһοڽǣǿƣǳĸѾ˴˴սʤûڲǰʹ嶼Ҫƴеٶս£Ѿ峤ֱɱһҳ֣𾳽ֱɱˣòãͨ켶̫ϳҲܻƴֻҪһпܽս쿪ȫ濪սġ
лϲ¶֮ɫ
ãĴָ
ҵ̱̫ˡл̾Ҫ֪˴˶ģֻǰнģһͷҷͻҪƶѵģΪ׼ңʹԻ취ǳͻӾģγĴսǰӵ̣Цеĵ˵ɣô㣿Ҫһҹߴɣ
ҿٱϴɡЦñزĦһл塣
лĺ̼̣ûпѹƱջģбȼܵ
̽һתлĻУģҲΪģлظ̽ȥ
Ҫͷ㡣л˫޲ý壬˫ֽץβ
лȵ糺죬ʮ㣬Ҳ밡ǱϾͻһЩҪ顣
˵꣬洫Ų
Ŷ롣
л״ֻ÷ſ̡
ӵһ𣬱ӶҲѾϰˣһͬħ磬ͬȻϵ׽ˣϱľҲ֮ųлŮ׽ԭˣȻǷſˡ
ʲô鱨лֽԼĻУƺȻıϸš
΢죬е㲻Ӧոյõ鱨ͷڼǵѾȫĳͻħ鱨ʾʹ˺ܴãðŷղУ˫ìܴﵽ˶㣬¶ҲѾħĨˡ
̫ˣлϲ
ҽʹҲУȷģҰĺܴһֱҪģȻðճ֣̫ˡ˷ܵص
ͷҴģͻĻôлңлʥ֮˵һϢ
˵һ£ڶкͷҷӰսʱ򣬸лʦˡ
ţʦˣڼǣлеЩ⡣
ǰҸҸеǣħȻ޷ҵʦһ˿Щ̾ĵ
ħѼ鱨ѰҸˣⷽ棬ħ綼ŵǰǰҲħصģֻΪԭ򣬴ħûнлʦȻܹħҲͷȥ٣ҲʾĲˡ
ʦָˣл
ʦһֻ֣ܷӰͺУʹɱ˷ҵ֣ڷҳָ֮ǰ뿪ˣѾûټ
ֻֻӰͺУ
ƺЩŰ
лȻ֪лʦҲԽɱ˵ҿֻлٿ缶սѷɫһ߶ѣǺš
뵱ħ磬λ磬ڿ¸лʦûдﵽλİɫزҲѾǽɫǿˡ
ٶȿ˵˿лѷɫ㡣
ʱ䣬ӳλزµħҲûɡ
лɵЦ˼ǿѾ赲ˡ
ָлһЩħռ鱨
½ֵҲˡ
һ²Ĺֵ˱仯лҲֵµȻҲﵽλɫĶ׶Ρ
˷ǰǹֵһǰģûͬ
лǰȥţŴϢ˵ǻħʹʮﷶΧڵһΪħɽߵȺ򣬶Ѿһ̡
Դˣл͹ֵ¶е㲻ʹ죬ͬУ˭Ҳ֪Żǰħɽֽŵġ
Ҳ޷˭Žħʹͨأ˸֪ġ
˱㵱̣뿪ǡ
֮һ˽ħʹʮķΧڡ
ħʹΪʵһǴħһƿص򣬱ȼǻҪӴ֪ٱ
л͹ֵ³УȻǶȫ׼л۱ϣǰָ֣ͨ켶֣Ҳܹڷֵģ׼ʹû߱ǣʱŮһ𣬵Ҳİȫ⡣
ڹֵ£ҲֻǴλ档
ƺ˫ǹƽʵ˭Ҳ赣˭һ㡣
үķ羰ϣǾϢһ°ɣ̡һɽۣ֮̿ԶͣɽľһЩϼ⣬ʤգ˵
⣬̺ͱлٰŮ˵ʱŮƺлΪүġ
ţȷķ羰лۼľɫȴģһ·ɫ٣Ҳû˵ʲôȴҪϢħ崫ʲôϢǡ
ֵ¼״ЦȻˣǱϢһɡ
˵ħɽǵٶٻҪʱܵȻҲǲżġ
оҲҪȥȻǰǰȥħɽ鿴ûʲôֽ֮ģҲԭǲŶĬûнٶ죬ǷŻǰٶȡ
ȷҪһŮ͹ֵߵæŴ񣬲ŪһЩʳӡ
궫֮󣬱㶼عˡ
л˽󣬱ʩչ߼̸лҲ޷ڵǹֵµͬǸ߼εġ
˵ɣʲô顣лӵŮ


1906  ǳһ
̾ͽ;еõħ崫鱨˵һ¡
ݺܼ򵥣ǰԼһǧĵطһȺ׼ҸڻΪ֮Ǿ׼Ҽ֮һӻ׼Ǹϵѡ֣Ϊлٰ֮±ѣǱ׼ݺݵѵһ٣յҲϹʥλ׼Ҽû࣬ڼǰеĻ϶ġ
ħ鱨ӻ߿Ǹ֧׼Ҹ֣ǿ߾Ͳ
ȷҪͣСл
ǰȥħɽغϾͲżðտأͣȺһʱ䣬Ҳûʲô⡣
ӻ׼ǸطƺǷһЩʲôʱûռⷽ鱨ƶϣǿܻʮ쵽ʮҡ˵
лһϸĵħͼħһŷǳϸĹĳ¹ʲô¼ġ
ó鿴һ¡
Ȼӻ˻ͼȷıעͷϵ䣬ʲôҲǿġ
ҪҪ֪ͨǣ
лǲҪˣ׼ڷֳϵ˴μ飬ӻһϵ϶һӣʱб¶ݵΣգЩݸҪ
ϹʥĵȻѪĥѲվȽŸģǱ¶ݣǴ۾̫ˣ޷ܵġ
ܲӻ׵ĵõͷµıɡ
ϵͷʮ꣬رĻҲ϶ᱻ˷ֵģδʲôֵǳֵĺöлһͼϵλãǿﻹһ־һʹͷﱻˣʹһûб֣˵ǲǿһء
ЦˣҪǴϢ˵ʹͷıʹȥӻǷͻ
ʹİԵԣԻгͻģɱӻҲһشӻһϵл
½Ц
뿪дϢħ鱨ʹ壬ʹӻһϵΣǾͲܹܵ˵ġ
ӻһϵǰħɽҲħɽĸֳûǰȥĻҲ鷳
л֮ǰ鿴ħɽйξͷļսʤΣǷ䣬ʼնǸգڸҲҲлѡħɽΪϵأЩԭ
뿪ǣһ·Ҳĵط˾ۼţѰʲô
ϾħʹΧڣÿһطĳʱǿĶ˵һƬأһʱ䣬سҵ֮󣬸ĸħʹѰġ
ħ廹ʲô鱨л
Ҳûʲôˣ˵ǰԼٶĵطǷħأǸطкܶڻ˵
лɣٰҵģ˵Ҫ´һʱ䣬ֵҲ֪ħɽֳûԻͬʱڴ˵صģԱȥħؿ
ҲΪȥҡͷħڼȻкܶ˸ȥȻ൱ĳ֣ȥĻ̫Σˡ
İɣ۹۲⣬Σգͨ߱ǡлɱλķ׿֮ҲԳȫµʶ㲻Ƕ֣ȫ뿪аյġ
оǣħɲһС塣
ڵħ磬ħʹħһϵģħһĴħػţֱǷħ壬ħ壬ħħ塣
Ĵħ壬ҳħʶҲõħΣ˵ڵħλǳ֮ߣյĶҲǼ֮ġ
ħ类繥֮Ĵħ嶼һ̶ȵĵֿĴħͬʱֿʧ٣񶼱巽׷Ѱȴټ巽ҲĴħȻسߣǲûдеĶĴħʼնѰ
лɵҲûȤֵڳܵһЩƣˣȥķħؿ
ͨٱΪӣڴء
лͱԱĿ뿪˵أֱħء
лһ˿΢ϵΣգҲܸӦǰϻڴں͹ֵµĺڼ䣬ΣգֵҲ֮ģħܹ磬ʲô鱨ҲɼʱĴݵлߣҲǺĴ䡣
ͨԶ˵شԼʮ֮лȫ鿴Χ
ǲħˣлͨУˣ˵Ҳûʲôˣ㽫Լ뷨˵˳
лЦôô룿
˵Ҫħɽж֮͹ֵƶǰħɽ·ߣȫؾģȴߵ·ߣ;طһǷħأһħأħ鱨ʾħħŶԷԺԷǳаĶ˵ҵħħµĽƽٶʮֹ뿪֮ǰѾҪħˡ

űĻлЦ
Եڵл鿴ͼʱ򣬷ַħħ಻ԶҶԾʱͶ˼ħйħϸļأһ㱻лǾħĴħһأǼġ
лԵĻͽ谲˼ϼƷ龧ʯű̵ܹʱһǳߵľ硣
ǰУҽתƷģû뵽ӻһϵǰҲʡȴһЩࡣ
ħصĺħµغ⣬ʺϣǽУֻҪԼ߳ͨ켶Ҳ̤вģϣܽал˵ҵİ֮׽ףƳ׷飬ͨ켶ֿħ磬˵вˣûһľ磬ȫԲŻӡл˵
ȻһЦ㲻õ˵׸ҵħҲֻڵͲεĸ֣ȻˣĿģ⣬ܽħ֮ĻԻеģͨ켶ء
б˵лҲͷˡ
˼ħطȥ
ħλħʹĶռԽķΧפֻжʮķΧλƬصĵشҲһɽ򣬶Ҵ˵صķܴ󣬻Ǵ硣
лͱħͼֱָǰУԼһ֮ǰһȺˡ
Щˣ


1907  ǳ
ڷħڣǹܣ˶֪ͺħڿ϶׼Ҹ֣ħһĵ
Ϊħص壬֮µĶһֱҪѰҵģȻѰˣǴ繥ݵħ翪ʼģδ뿪ġ
лɨһЩˣʵǿһλ֣һЩսʼǿߣƺѲ߶һڸεš
Ǹʲôģ֪ѾΪ𣬸Ͽ뿪ԶԶЩ˱㿴лˣѸٵĿ£˵Щƣ⻹Ϊǿ͸лľ磬˵ģȻֱӶɱˡ
ﲻǷħʲôʱΪˡл
ЩеλĵǷһĽڿʼκηҷ֮˲׼̤ħڣǸϿ뿪
лȻһЦһǰԵ
ԵģСӣ÷Ŵ㣬·ĵ
СɫлȻ֮ƽϣץסֹ֣֣Цˣô
˵ŴűƮȻˡ
˺Լʮ׵ľ룬Ϳʮ˺ƺƵķΪ׵ĺȻǺУǶĸ֡
ҽأκ˲ý롣Ƿ˿УɫҲһ䣬˭ʶаָڣֻӲͷƤ߹ȥ
ߵƨǷħأʱǷҵĽأ
˵⻰бǰȥЩˡ
У㡭Ƿ˴е
ž
ںԵһλ̧һƽȵԭתȦ³ڴݵѪĵҲʸеģٸҵ·ɱ⣡
һɶͷųɭɱ⡣
УʵҲλĸ֣λὫô𾳽綼ﲻķ˷֮ìѾˣǲɱˡ
һƣǷﻹ
еȶֱǰȥ
лͱһЦΣ֪еȶ־ҲģͷԵģͱͷҵĳͻڽһС
ħأԽìٶǺȶűɱĻŻҷһЩйģսɡл¶һĨթЦݡ
§űƮȻˣû˿ĵطʩչɽħص
ȫ淢ӳ˲Ϣ׵ľ롣
лͱһð
ڵλãܹĿеȶֵӰٵǰȥٶȺܿ졣
˻
˻ʡ
һֻ޴ħ޸߿շӡ
ħ޵ıһʮҵĸվţ˫ֵҷ裬һֵӡ
۽񣡡
۽յİħޣܹﵽ۷弶ܳΪ۽ħɿͨ켶ľ磬ڷǳǿħޣҴ˱۽˼ı۽кܴͬģսζЩͬ
ܹԱ۽ΪħȻǲ򵥵ġ
л̧ͷȥǱ۽ϵҲͷлĿԡ
ಣ
۽˶Ȼ䱳ͬл˹ȥ˫һץʮָ㱬һл
λľ磡
лҲ͸񿴳˵ʵʵֹſܱϳ˰ɣϾǱֵģȻЩΣǹעˣܹϳġ
ۼ˳֣лһȭ˳ȥ
һȭҲûʲôãϾͬȾĸ֣ûʲôʸǿ󶷼ġ
ȻлǶսǱ֮ʱʹսûʲôֵ֮ãҲݵɡ
žžžž
ʮָлһȭϣһȥ
۽˫𶯣һƬϯлһȭշ»ع۽ıʸᡣ
˵֮˴߶۽ŶԶȥķȥ
ûϳң
лȻʧЦΪʶˣ̫߰Ȼ̽Լûʸȥʲô
˻
Խĺ
һ׹ңԶĵط
һͷ׺ף߰ͷѩ׵ëƽĹ׺׵ıͬһˣŮһϮɫȹװһĹ°֮ɫӵɨлһۣʸȥҲġ
ŮҲְӴЦ
ߣ
׺ŮȻԽӲôһԶȥ
ӴЦŽ
ǵķȫǺеȶǰȥķ
ħڿ϶ʲô쳣鷢ˡлȻĻô˸Ϲȥ
һ£ϵһħ塣
óһ󷨵Բ̣óֽʣˢˢд˶УдĶ㴫ͳȥˡ
Բħ֮
ܹݸħܲҪ鱨Ȼ͹
ȥԼ֮󣬱еԲ̱һâ䣬һֽԲ档
Բֽ̣лħռĹڷħڵ鱨
лӹѸٵĲ鿴һ飬Ȼôɣħ֮ǰ౦ܴһռСˣռС类ҵˡ
ѹô˸ϹȥռСڿرҲһ˵
ȥ
лֽ飬űʩչٶȫǰȥ
ֽڣȴħĿռС类֮⣬һЩǾʹ壬׼ң嶼иִطϹȥˣΨûħɽ˲У˵ǿռСڶ෽ӿ룬ֵĺܡ
룬лȫٷ֮£ûöñϵˣǸǱ۽Ͱ׺׵βġ
ȻлҲǿϢ֡
ǰһɽϿͣ
лҲͣһɽۣ֮ɽڿȥ
ֻɽ߰ˣֳɼͬȦӣÿһĿĶɽĵĵط
Щʹ壬壬׼Ҹ֣ǿߣľУһЩĸڡ
влʶˡ
ֵûһĸ֡
ɽĵĵطһŨŵĴţƽ޹ʵĵطӺ濴ƣûʲôǿռСˡ
ûгĸ֣лȻҲͲۻᱻˣȫʩչһн̸
֣ô£ûлʲô°ɡ
µģôĳϸֽ룬ͨ켶֣Ҳ㷴ûеġ
ǣǿռСŻһûУȻûзģսȻԳֵನܽŻġ
УŻͻȻ


1908  ǳ
Ż˵Ķ
лͱ趼ĿԵضŻƾлԿռȻȱ˸ŻİڣǿռСڴһЩõڣֻǾʲôãȴ̫
лȻţȴûеһʱóȥ׼ȥϾĳֶɱȥˡ
ȻˣΪռС磬ռǷǳӴģиʮҲԽУҲõ֤ȫġ
ԭֺɽȣһӰ
˶Ż
ŻԽԽȴŵһŻضһ϶򿪣洫һŨĵħһɫĹħмţܲԣȴһۿǾʹеϢ
ſԽԽһֵӰֳ
л͸ۣҲֻԼһʹˣƴȫҪŻʹ۷嶥֣ڲһ볤ģҲʵ൱ǿһˡ
ʹ˶ʹֺȵһ˿ı֡
ţҲǡǡͶʹһĸ֡
壡
ʹּ״̱ȱȥҪС
״ͬ⣬׷׵ĳȥ
ʹ־һӱȥˣлҲУ˱㽫ٶȻӿǰһӱʧȥϵ
Ӧû°ɡ
лȷʹǳȥ֮󣬱ȥģûͣµĻӦҪ˳ĲŶԡ
뵽ű裬Ҳȥ
ʹѾֵ˼ޣ˫һɣŻعرա
ãҪˣ֣
ȫţ
ڶ
ֳ˷׷׳֣ɫĹ˷׷׺Ż棬ȴٶȿҲǰ뿪ٶҪرա
ȻҪ뿪ȴţǳλֿҲδܹʹӦûаſһ϶
ۿŻҪرգлȻٳȥ
Ƶ磡

ٶȵļ±֣лﵽλ֮ĵһȫ漤ٶȣ쵽ʲôزٱоӰӰлǰĲһ㡣
ɲǼ䣬㵽Ż
˾˵ٶҲһƬ
ϾлվԶġ
СٶȺܿ㻹Ǹһȥ۽ϵҲ߶۽񸩳ȥƾ۽ٶ͵ħޣȻл˦ԶԶأ֮࣬Ҳû̫⣬óһ񵶸ձն
һնննˡ
лЦһ֪ߵغСӣûãֵ״ձնȥ
ƶն
ֱΪлǿ񱩵ս̾һϷȥ
꣡
ǵһ±㽫ӵնϣĵƲһѪۣɢҲ۵ĽӲ㷭档
ߣ
лֵһ˲䣬׺ŮҲóһǹյȥһ⺮˸һ㶴ȥ
лһֱץ˹ȥ
ž꣡
ǹ㱻һƸץˡ
ɻ˵ĹҲģϧֵʱˣЩ۷弶ĸָճ֣лһֻѾ̤Żˣ޷赲Ȼӿٶȳȥ
ˢ
лű㴩ŻħĿռС硣
һУĶûзӦһɿֲһлͱ壬ǰȥ
ãթ
лһʱ뵽ǰʹ־ͻȻǰȥġ
ӦͿǰվһȺˡ
ǰʮˣһǷħĸ֣ħ˾Χ裬˵ʵǴﵽ˳λĸ߶ȣħֵվ߰ˣкȻǰʹֻ֣ϹһĨЦݣƺܸ˵ӣɿǱѩһЩɫĹâ֪ѾˣܿƵ
ħһλĸֿлͱ赽ɵùһЦһӣһħˡ
лʱ򣬰ñݣݵĻ޷⣬ĻǾͲͬˡ
֮ѸٵĳʶС
λ徳磬ԵҺ̬Ҳﵽһȫµĸ߷壬֮ľһӱǳ֮ľ
籩
лüļһĨâһʵĹ߱ɢȥҺ̬ﵽ㹻֮ı֡
䣡
Ƿħ峤λִħ⵱ѣǿľݿħϯȥ
ǳλľ磬ֲҲ޷ɰֹģһ۱㿴ֳʵлźܴĵ͹޷ȫˡ
䡭
һ¡УħֱƵˣҲûˣЩǱѾлˡ
ٶȷӵޣգۼԶһУһ´ͳȥ׵ľ룬ԶԶĶ㿪˱ŭķħֵĳ֡

ֱʱųһŵķ
հлҲЩ¡
û뵽ռСȻǷħԼģֵģѹûħɽĸֲӽ
뵽ǰдĳֽ룬˰ɡ
յֶΣ
лţħôԲһˣֻǰЩ˶նɱ߿˶ѣûдƵϢ
κհñо籩֮ԷеĻǾΣˡ
лı磬ЦұȻĻеΣգҲҪعݵġ
֮Ǹϣ޷ʹãʹãҲֻܶλֳ֣޷ȫΧĹǻᱻסġ
ȫ֮лŲ鿴ռС硣
Ĳ˵ħŨ񣬱ŨıԷԺΪǵһķԡ
ռСӴһ߼ʣлľжϣռСʮľ޴ռ䣬ǳӴ󣬶ɽľдУħ޳ûȻ˿ռС翪ʱܲˣħ֪֮࣬˵ΣأǿռС磬Դ˵صħ޿϶ħƿŵģϷħһҪ򣬶ѵġ
лȻҪСĵ͵ſԡ
Ǹ߿ŷħһЩ֣˿Ѿлľ籩Ѿɳ˿ʼ׷ɱлˣһλ򣬲ϵؿƴ洳ĸ֡
ȻǰлߣҲ˳ûǱ۽ӺͰ׺Ů˸һȺ˳ģһһ߶ħԶȥ
һ¾Щˡ
ʣµλּ״ŭһһӣһħǳռСŻ棬Żһȫˡ


1909  λ
ԭлΪ˼ҪûرŻģֹĸֳɱңȴǡǡ෴ȫ
лɻ֮ʣλּٵĴһӡһħ⴩ŻֱͶʣ˫һӣŻŻرա
ռСĴŹرյʱл׿ĵطĸ֣нˣǷħĸ֣Щһ֣㽫ɽڵĸͳͳİΧ
ЩлҲԷħ˾衣
Ҳ̫һɡ
жһ֪ɱˣķħ˷ҲһƿռСؿռڣȻĻлһ·۹۲£ֲܷġ
Ҳ˵ħûгˣʼڷħڻֻ˸Ҳǰˡ
˼УͿǹرյŻٶȿ
ͬʱֶѾǽķħ˻ɱãõģԶ꣬Ϊ˷ħ˵ūĽħҲ׷ӿռС磬ǳλֵָ£ʼɱлǰ룬δÿƵĸ֡
ߡлȻڴ˵أֱͨԶȥ
ƾԿռлռСʲôʶȷǱԵġ
ʶлͱķռСĵط
ЩħűԵλãе̺ʽҲҪĵشġ
ȫ淢ӣ˲Ϣס
ʮΣ뿪ԽʮĵطлȻͣͣڵ£ŲԶ
ôˣʵ
лǰм֮ǴɾġȫĿ鿴ܵʲôû֣ǿһƬɵļ֮׷ɢǰȥ⼫֮ϡǿΣѾ֮ˣĵħǳĳ棬ҿԽ֮״ݻ٣̶ںϴĵħĻܹͻơ
ݻټ֮һ£漴ݻټһʱǺаģǶڼöԣǴСã˷ѵģл˵ֻһֿˣ⼫֮Ѿϡ޷͵ĵزˣҲ˷ѣǱɣҸ㻤
ȵһ£鿴һļ֮ô¡л˵
ʱһռ䣬ñڵ´š
磬Сռ㣬Ҳ͸رĿԸõϢ
лǰȥ
⼫֮ϡ٣еǣǼ֮ڴ˵ںϲ֪ˣȡߵģȡܹ֮죬ֱո֮еǿߵļԲŻһϡļ֮
һ·µϡļ֮ݳȥʮأȻûеͷڴڼҲûʲôãûʲôʹ㼫֮лͣ˶ļ֮Ѿ㹻ͻˡ
ͻ֮Źֵϡ֮·׷Ѱȥ
лʩչϡļ֮֡
Ȼɵŷǳãл֮£ͿһֻõƳ֣ϡļ֮ѸٵػǾ޴ġ
ʮڵϡ֮Ծɷǳϡ٣γƼ֮ף֮ǵĴڣ򵥵˵ǾͬˮһѾûɢġ
лóƷ龧ʯǼ֮ڣȻغϣǸ֮ǰٳĿռڣ龧ʯóС
龧ʯڵħۻޱȡ
ǼƷ龧ʯ㿪ʼɵħϡļ֮ںϣﵽһ֮лڵսȻ߶ȥ
䡭
һУǼ֮㿪ʼ׵ıݻ١
֮Ǵ֮Ϊԭͳ͵ģ֮ԵƾͷѪںϵħɡ
Լ֮һݻ٣̻ΪԵħ
л
ƻһڶⴿԵĵħҪתΪսΪ
һʱ䣬лΧʮڣ㶼ǷŵĴĵħ
л򿴲ˡ
Ա߿ţ̾ѣлˣħҪֱӱתΪģֻлս̫ߣҪһĴ
Ҳ֪лʱڲ龧ʯȥ龧ʯĺԼ
㹻ĵħлɫ˵ɫ
ħǴԵģĻʾԵɫлϵɫԽԽأӵɫﵽ˽ɫȻֱɫƤҲˣ˿ȥлͺһˡ
ɢĽɫΡ
ܲԣ֮ŨܵĵħԾʮ׷ΧڷţûɢҲδ٣ȴܿⷭУһĽɢԼɴ濴лӰ
лڸоԼľλֻһ֮ʱˡ
л۾ſ죬Ȼһ
ˢ
Ϳлڱ۶ƻһУΧŵĵħͳͳɽȥȻɫϾܿǱɽȥĵħڲӴ۳һ޴ͬţֱߴԽǻֱ뵤֮ڣɫĵҲȫתԳٶȴŵħתΪս
ɵսܶ࣬һµĳ뾭ڡ
ڵսٵתȫľʹսתٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽࡣ

лȻսӷٵתÿһתսٵţš
ʮ֮лɵħȻͣ
ܵĵħԾڷţҲСˣԾлΧ׵ķΧڷš
žžž
ֹ֮ͣлڴһҲһƤĽɫҲӳյ龧ʯ˽ɫ硣

ãͣ
лһ۾ٶһĨâͬӿգͻˣλ
̤λлǷӴ֮ƾսɺɨˣþ籩ܹ볤λĸֿһ£ؼǣʩչ֮ǧ֮һĻǰľˣҲһĻὫ֮׵ӵٴһЩ
͸лܹؿԼֵǺɫģλİɫ״̬
Դ͸ĿԼӺɫɫɫΪɫɫ仯Ҳһ󾳽ı仯лԺ˵Ļһ˷ԣı仯ͷйģлۿеı仯ҲҪڿʼ㿪ʼȥ仯ԭŪˣܹҵͷķ
⣬лٿЩħҲ֪ҵǷӺɫɱΪɫġ


1910  ħĿ
λлԵı仯ǣսɵħٶȺԷǽҲ˵ٶȸ죬Ȼ˵磬ҪͻƣԽѶȸԷ˵ҪͻƸѣӵмƷ龧ʯӵ龧ʯлǡǡ෴ģٶ˿
ʱлһ޵׶ܵħӿ٣εӴһһɣɵľͷ㣬ǣ龧ʯеԶԲǺܴĵħҲӿʹлתҲʼٵļӿϵشϵתΪսлֱš
лٶȴﵽһ޵ʱǰ֮׶Ȼһ¡
䷢
ԭлĵħһԵȷ˵һСѵôŰ֮׵ĲһԵȻʮ࣬һȻлٶʵı仯
ǰ鿴ЩħлƴҪһʱϣתΪսֻ˰Сʱ
еĵħͳͳΪս൱龧ʯĵħһЩ
ȣ
лſ
ڵսȻһھܹǰ֮ΧŵһЩϸ˿ʥҲ̼ܵһ㣬Ȼлɢһʮ״ϸԼ׵ĵ⣬ɢȥ
ʥѸٵȫߡ
ž
һ춯ʥ׾Ȼлȫһ
ֻһһĴҪ֪ǿʥףȫӳܹɱͷ
ԭл֮Ҫɾ磬ЩˣǷǳļѣһл˼ÿôһΣƲһ꣬Ϳˡ
˷֮࣬л𣬷һХ
ѩɫʥԶع飬»Ű֮Χ
Щʥֻͼʥףڰ֮ΧţҲܹ֮ͨ׵֮׵ĵزô֮Ҳʸ׽ˡ
лù鿴һ¡
ɫȻ˱仯ѾɱΪɫ꣬ɫɫҲ˵Ѿɫǿˡ
ʵľл˷ܲѡ
лҲеǣرͨ۲鿴꣬ȻһоûУΪʲôɫ仯ΪʲôҪͨſԷ֣ȻһջҲûС
תһ룬лҲȻˣ仯һ˷褷ֵģǿͷİڣҪǱ׵ؾҵԵɣǷֵûˡ
лҲͲ⣬Ժ۲졣
𾳽ÿεͿʼ۲죬ֱͷ磬Ͳţһֲˡ
˷ܵسХҲӱչ״̬תǰ棬лغϡ
λɫ꣡л͸㿴ľ徳ˡ
ҲЩĵܹﵽɫģ˭֪ͻ֮ٴʱ龧ʯеĵħұû뵽һӳ嵽ڵĵزͻҲֻһ֮ңˡ
߱սλĸ֣ҲûмаջˡлЦţǸħռСڣѰҷ֮ɱΪ֮Уս˫ˡ
ӵе磬ѾǽˣԶȴɵǿ˵׼֮硣
ħ屾һԵ壬Ȼм֮ģһ㣬ӹɡ
龧ʯлûлعرٴҵϡļ֮ȥĵط˱ϯͻƵļ֮һ֡
лʩչռ
żǺϡļ֮γɵĵ·һ·ߣռ
֮߰ϡļ֮ȻҲ֣ľпֲļ֮
岻ɢʬ⣬ľͷһˣļ֮
лǸоۻѹ
֮Ȼȫ״̬Ǿ˵ͨ켶ִȥҲܱɱģлֹͣռعر
ڵĵطһСɽͷ֮ڷȥ
˼飡
л¶ŵı顣
Ǿˡ
ǰԼ׵ĵطһɽһǧңɽȻ֮ˡ
ȫͷųҲǧ׾룬ʱϡֽͬһıޣǧ׸ɽļ֮ȴۺÿһֶʮ׵ĺȣ֮⼫֮ǷֿĻܷٵĵļ֮壬˼ˮڵļ֮ˮҪܶ౶
Ѿ㹻ˡ
Ŀɿڴǣɽͨɽһħʯ
ħʯǵħһ˵ħżռģǱħΪħ˱֮һ
ħʯôֻһǾܹ˵лӵħķ
лСĿ
ڴԼǧҵλͣܹܵױȵۻصļ֮Ϣ
Ҳܿͬǧɽ͵ħʯӰ
ǷħˣԼʮˣʵ͵Ҳǳλ֣ÿ˶ְһֵͷǸΪʹ壬Ϊ壬Ϊ׼ˣΪ˵ȵȣȫ֣ΪҲǳϵġ
ħˣ״̬ħһҲһһȺ糤ϵĸ֣࣬ﵽ˾˵ʮˣҲ˵ħأռСһ糤ϸֶ
Ʒ
裬ħڿйڷľ˵л
һ㣬ֻ࣬ἰҪ֮ΪΪ֮õ֮ٸ뼫֮ħʯ֮˵ĳ̶ֳȵĸı䣬ɾͷӵгķǸԽ׵ļ֮ͼ֮׽дɳɾͷ
֮ħʯһ˫һޱȣںϣķ±ڵ嶼١л׵ļ֮ͼ֮ףȻʥ磬ʥףȫͷȴ˴ķµͬڰͷһ֣ǳɹֻһɣҲܶʮͷǵķ͹ʮȫɿһͷˡ
ǣħأƣ㹻ħʯɹʿɸߴ߳ɣҲ˵ܴʮͷķɫصĵ
ʮ
лͷ˼¡
շʮǲͬڿߴͷ⣿ȻˣϾԳΪģ뻯ʮ˿ɿһͷʵûôãʮɱͷӦÿԵİɡ
ֹл
ҪֹǾͷ޷ֻɡ˵
л
ЦȻǽȫԼˡ


1911  ǿлһ
űЦȻӣл΢ŵҲԷ࣬ȻˣȻа취ĳܹͣط˵ϾһԣһԺ÷ԡ
лʵɽɱ
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ɲңǿ϶ǷǸʲô׸󷨵ĸл
ҡҡͷģֻһڷ׸ĸһֱȻ⸽Ϊ׸Ϊһ󷨣ʵ󷨣ǰӦģһ伫֮羫һ伫֮׾Ȼͨ󷨣һͬħʯɽڡ
лѰһ¿
Ѱҵ֮ľʹڰжܷ֮ϾǼ֮׵ľ԰֮Ҳһõġ˵
лȻͬ⡣
ű£ñʩչѰҼ֮羫ʱ˷ǰš
ڵ¿һСռ䣬±裬лعر
Ȼ׸һڸôȻиػţֻҪǸɡ
ħʯɽΧŽǧħħĸ֣ħڸƣֳĳ־󲿷ֶħʯɽ֣Ĳֻ֣޼ĳλ֣ĳֺͨ켶ǿߣ򲻼ټҲ֪ʲôȥˡ
ԷлţǱҪħ嶥־Բ׵뿪㰵Ѱҡ
֣ȻûĶִڣЩͨ켶ǿߣȻڴ˵ء
֣Ƕȥʲôطˣлв⣬תһ룬ȻڣҲЩħ֡
ƾλɫľ磬Ҳδλĸ֡
οк֡
гĸл涯ֱۣʹĶͨľ磬Ķͨһ׵ĵطһӱＸеķħħڵ
̸ֽܿ䴫ĶС
ȻЩ˴߳ȥºΧԲ˴ǽ̸Ҳ޼ɵ
һ˵̸лע⣬λֺʮ۷弶ǿڵĵطҲЩ˵Уʵǿһˡ
˹سϣʼվãӦðȫͣĽУûͨ켶ʵԱ֤ȫĴҪʱ̫ˣڼһǱжϵĻͿǰġ
˳ϰҶ˵ٴˣ޷ƻͣˣֲǲ֪һʼΨͨ켶ִܹͣ
ѵͨ켶̫ϳĶڣ
ڣ
εҪħʯǧ࣬ԼĴ۴ħɽת˹ģѵðž޴ķսУǵѪôˣ̫ϳǵǲЩˡ
ˣ
ߣ˵ʵ
ðɣҸ㣬̫ϳǲӣҲû취ΪбȷҪҪȥһٶĳϣҲðűħ𱸵Σġ
ĳϽ̾лע⣬ҲԶĽ̸
ΪħĳϵĸֶټеĿ˹֪ģҴ»ǣħȻӱлעˡ
лҲȻطĸһЩۼλĳܹۼһλħʯɽϷԼԶһɽͷ棬עŶϷһλħʯɽ׵λãҲҲлŻķһħʯɽĶٶ׵λãϯضƺھʶмȻ⿨˹غͰ˵ʮڵ
ħµôܣħᰲⲻǽʧܵľ𣬵ΪƷǷѾ
û취˭̬ķչôħòء
׷ʲô£
Ҳֻ֪֪Ҹ̫ϳԼ󲿷ֳϣħͻħ˽ӵħȫħɽȥˡ
ħɽ
лͷ¡
һǹֵ¸ɵġ
Դֵ֪Զɱħ֮󣬲ǰȥħʹҲȥԶɱлѾֵ֪ǴħɳģҲǴħ֧ߣȻֵºźҪħʹֵȻҪԽħʹлŸɵԴħϣһж֮С
лû뵽ǣȻ˶Ǳħɽš
Ȼˣл֪ſ϶Ҳ֧һصƣҲ֪ͨ׼ҼϹʥǲǰˡ
ħɽħɽʲôҪ𣿾еĻҲڵ˶˵ħһЩصİͷ𣬺αصǵ÷Σ֮أ˳Ϻܲ⡣
˹سϵҲħ¼ȻȻģħɽȻһģսˡ˳ϻҪ˵ʲôֵҲˣĲ֪ǻǾŬ֤ͲŰɣҲҪȹΣڣһʱʲôĻһٶҲġ
˼˵Ҳٶˡ
˵ĶԻл£
Ҫ֤һ£Ƿʲôſȴּ֮ħʯɽںϣȫ˼֮ȻƣⲻлһЦ
֮ģ߽ϣлδ޷ʹʱû뵽ȻǱ֮Ƶ޷ʹá
лд֮֮ڣǿǰڽӽʮ˴Լʮ׵ʱлڵİ֮Ȼ˼£žһ
ȴǿ˹ؿռָȻѣһȻл
ɣǾǼ֮׵ľ
Ȼ˰֮׵ķӦҲʾ⼫֮׵ľǿȻ԰֮׵ž޴İ
ã˹ؾеӦ죬æץȥ
˼״Ҳæ֡
λĸͬʱ֮׵ľһ˲ͣͶûг֣֮׾س¡


1912  ǿл
лѾ׼Ҫˣû뵽֮׾ȻǿȻ֮׵ľʡȴ˺ܶ鷳
ż֮׾һӱ£ǰӭȥ
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̴߶һɾ磬ӵ£Ȼµ棬͵磬أ
ͿǴɾɢһĴڣһӱ棬Ҫ
һħʯɽྲ޵ĳλҲӦ쳤ХһһץͿĿѸٵĻ۳һֻӴƣʮ״С̺ż֮һӱץȥ
λֳȻ޷ֹ֮׾֮ףȴɽлסġ

лϣսḻһ˵ںôĿܱð֮ײſߵġ
֮ףǲ򲻵ѣлᶯõģϾ¶ȥӰܻչصľͷǿֹͣչسѰģϾ֮׾ܹӳһҲǿɱͷġ
ˢ
лȻһ塣
һһнǼ֮׾̾ͱ֮׸ɹȥʹð֮׵õһǿ
Ȼ⼫֮׾ڱ˵Уʥףһı仯ģǰ֮׵ĻԵúܲˡ
ν֮ףǾһӣʥǿĶ࣬лǾʥ׵һЩص㣬Ҫȫɾףǿ·ĺء
л̫ע֮ɱ䣬ϾѾڵΧˣݶõİ֮׵ôͲʹãñʶƣǼʺСлҲ
ʶѾڶñʱǲʹԶġ
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˶ǵȭаҫ졢նǧжնĴ󶷼ں϶ɵģȻޱȵġ
䣡
һ֮£Ⱦǰʩչֱӱ飬л˵һһƵ⣬ײȥ
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Ϊλĸ֣ӦҲѸ٣ֹסΣֱ۽棬ֵһ
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˵ͨ켶񵶣˵һ񵶣л޷γʵӵȻҲԽԽǿ󣬱˵ֵлԼ嶼޷ġ
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˵ûлᷢӳ񵶵Ӳģлײڰ˵ϡ
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ڰп˹غһ۷弶ĸ֡
лҲɵɲΪлڻɱ֮ش˹صģϾɱˣ͵ϮԭռҪĹ͡
лĿǺʮ۷弶ĸ֡
ۡ
۷弶ĸ֣ǿлУѾԹвЩ˶۷徳ɫɫģǶİɫģֵܹһͨɱ
һʱѪȷ磬۷弶ֱնɱˡ
лһ̱һƬѪ·ҲɵĴǶɽ֮ϵĳλʩչľ޴Ƹ뿪
񵶣
䶫ˮ
˼絶񱩾л
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ħħҲĿлȻôһ˲Ĵ㵣˳û֡
л״һţҪͨ뿪
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ŭУɽĳλۿɵľ޴ٶȳͣŷħͼ֮һӱץչȥ
лһΪԼǶ
ΨҶ
Ǿ޴Ʊնȥ
һӶ̾ĵӰ֣һƬأѸٵ񵶻۹ȥʹ֮Ϸ·߱лҲȻһ䣬ⷽصףǹɿİ˲֮ɫ
䣡
ȫһ֮£Ǿ޴Ƶն顣
飬˹صĹҲ֮һħ˸ĺɫ⣬չֳħ
лȻһЦһתƮȻ˿
ù˹һлʣ۷弶ֱɨһǺˣȻлᵶ˹سȥ
ͬʱǶɽ֮۵ĸҲһ
Ҫִսĳλδ֣ǽ䱸Ĳ鿴Χֹ˳ûɱħʯɽĸ׷׵ĳҪֵ˼
໣
˹Ҳһл
˺ɽݺݵײһ𣬱Щδﵽĸֶ޷
ѵбʮֵģĿԣɱ֡
ɱ
尡ϲסˡ
ɱлȡ񵶣
Щְλǿһȥ
лһɿ񵶣ʳָһ㣬ʱһ㺮â֣ųǵĺųµݳ
һʱ䣬Щַ׷ױ渽
ɱ֮ױ
̼䣬λλĸֱʮ֮࣬λˣΨ۷ɿ⣬ȴԾɱֹһ£ǳλ֣ԴǱʮܣҲֹֻһ˲Ĺ
ƣ
ħ峤һϺȣ㳹׵ķ飬ķħۼ棬ż֮磬ҲκαֱһƱлͷ
ſ˹صǣƣлҲ޷óš
˵λֹˡ
лҲֻܷĶԿ
˹ؼ״ȻһӱռϷ磬Ҫħл壬顣
ǿֳлȻŤͷħ峤ϡ
ĿԣһĪĿ־Ϸħ峤ϵͷлɱ۾
籩
׼лüļ̱һԲȦѸٵӳȥ
λɫľ磬֮Һ̬ʩչľ籩ȻǱǰʱʩչľ籩ǿ֮ģɱȻӵĿֲ
ˢ
΢Ǿ籩۵ĹȦɢȥ̾ͽͳͳĨɱһġ
һħ峤ϡ
һ˹سȥ
һ˹ƺѪˡ
һˣܵ𶯣лȻתӶ׺ݵնȥٶȣ֡
˹ؼæٵֵ
꣡
ĵֻ׼սʼħڷӳǿǰûеֿһ¾ͱնϡ
ϣ˹ؼٵĺˡ
лһڿлһߡ
һ޴ʱָ֣ƾճڿ˹صͷϷһ±㽫лҲһɨȥ
˹رʱ֣Ҳ֮


1913  ǿл
ͷ˹ƴĵͷ
ۣ
һƬͷƤɳȥ˹ǱסǿžʹҲûȥѪȥƸħ㡣
ֵĿ˹ؼٵĺ˳롣
ͬħ峤Ҳлľ籩һӸĿѪɻȥۿˣȿ˹ػҪĶࡣ
˽ʱλĸ԰ȵĴԶҲŭţűɱ
лһЦһţˢһ±ʧˡ

޷ħʯɽΧǲôܵƵġ
˹ؼıεضֱ߿գñлܳ棬һ
籩شķħ峤ҲеҲҪѸգƼأǶԾӰܴ󣬷ӦЩҪյʱһɭĵѾ塣
лħ峤ϵ£ӹֱӽն롣
ɱλˣлĴԽսɫµĸֻǿԵ
ȻԳλɫĻлŽֵĸоʤ㰡
ɱˣлɱλ֣һɫ꣬һɫ꣬Ҫλľˡ
һţ¡
Σûٳֱ֣ҵͨѰҼ֮羫ı裬˿̱ѾֹͣѰңȴл
֮羫Ϸ򡣡
лű裬ͨϷȥ
֮УҲһ󶯵ЩħħֺصҪ뿪¡
ڱָ£лħʯɽϷԼʮһɽǰ
ɽϣƸֵιһܣлƺһЩܣҪ˵ˡ
ȲǼ֮磬Ҳ磬ûǿл⸡ػ⣬ͱ
УǿȻͻػı
Ϊķ׸Ѿתˣеķһİӳķ緢ɱ䣬Ȼͨķ磬ǽ󷨣ҲɾһЩɾ缫֮ص㣬Ǿԣ綼磬ֽϻֻ֣Żˣûʲô˵
ô˵֮ľһˡлűǰȥӦһ£ʲôط
ѾʼѰ
յķ֮Ѿǽ֮е磬ֻҪһķ֮ɳɾͼ֮磬ôռ֮磬սȻͻͽ
ܿڱ֮£лӴɽĵش
վɽǰ
ɽڶ紵ĺƽ·һûһǡ
ž
ְɽ棬սӿ
ɽڳֲȴûб飬һһ΢ڷ
֮磿лѿڵ˵أҼǵʹù֮ġ
Ц⼫֮Էģұʹʥʼյ磬ɱ䵽ɵĵزֻҪһ֮ɱΪ֮磬ұɽ֮ںϣ㲻ܳΪɾļ֮磬ȥҲ̫Զġ
áлЦ
ıֲôáûİһۣм֮磬ǰҲʩչ֮ǰȻˣﰡ治֪ûҡ
лЦҴаɡ
ڱļ֮磬лȷûر⣬Դħ磬ô࣬ûл֣һ֣ҲʩչĽ׵磬лʶΪӵн׵磬ûм֮ġ
ߵһ·ҵķϣ㣬ߣ´ôҷϣôʰ㡣
ˣԲˡлֵҲ֪ûɶԼЩˬ䷽⣬Ժж飬ҲвģԾԲ
֮ɽڵʱѿ
ɽѵһ˲䣬һǿתź
ֻһ֣л֪Ӧһ۷弶ĸ֣ۺȻĿ
֣ɽڵĿռ۷弶ĸ֣һ˳֣һѾ׼ȴһЧٳ֣˿ɸˡ
أ
л˵ʵҲûܣֱػֵ
ǹػ棬ҲһĨûгʲôѺۣлֱɱȥ
ã̫ǿ󷨣ǹ֮˴
׼ֵ۷弶̴߶ͿɫĹâƬɽڣŲԭӲɽͻȻʼ³۷弶ѸٵվУǹǰֵ۷弶ѸٵĴӿռָóһɫˮһ飬һĨ֮ľɢŷ׸󷨸ȥ
£л̤ȥһӱ㵽˽ǰֱץ˹ȥ
һӱ㴩͸ڼӺɫڡ
۷弶ּ״׷׳֡
ݺݵն£Ҫлֱ۸նϡ
лЦһػػˮһֱ棬γɺķ

۷弶ֵնУҲδն飬ֻ𶯵лֱһҲûһץסǼ֮ľ
л봳Уݻٷ׸󷨣ɫĹ־ȻѾӹ̵൱ĳ̶ȣδͻƣ״лæջ֣Ȼȫ
䣡
һǰȭػȥ
ɫҲǲ£Ѻ۶ûг֡
лһ̫ǿˣԼȥδܹٳġ
ߣһ۷弶ֵͺȵ
ͬʱְ޴棬֮ͿҵزһĨĿɫâ֮ʧӰˡ
лҲ׽ǵټ
Ѿ뿪лΧһ׵ķΧˡ
֮׾ͼ֮羫ǵõ֪޷ڽǿ׸ˡ˵
лǿʲôá
ҡͷҲӦõģħصУһ仰˵׸󷨰ǳɹʵܵһ̶ȵӰ졣
֮ľ裬лȽװɡ
ӵм֮羫Ǳڽе磬ױ׳ɹˣҲûѶʱ䣬˱֮ˡ
Ҫ֮ںϣûô򵥵ġ
ԱҲûھͿʼںϡ
뿪˵أ·ħʯɽ
ʱ˿̵ħʯɽȻǰģ˺ܴı仯߿֮УܲǷԲǧ׵ķΧڣһĽ׵ļ֮ħʯɽ棬һĽеļ֮Ҳϵ¡
ǿ׸󷨣ħʯǿںϣͶЩҪɷĸҪˣл֮󣬾Ϳλʹֳֺܲס屬ըſǵħ峤Ҳ֮ը
ûɹҪ½ˡлȻϣĽˡ
һ£˵֮ϴħʯɽеļƷ龧ʯܹħʯɽڣҲٶʮֹǵķʧܡ


1914  ħʯɽ
ħʯǵħ˱֮һħʱʱ򣬱ħİ˱֮һڵνħرȣȻǸ˲ֹһ㣬رлҲûжٰܹУǼ֮ȫô£ܷͨǸ⡣
лҲҪħʯɽڿʲôͬоܽ룬Ǹܲѡ
֮׻ǽ׵ȫ龧ʯмƷ龧ʯǰռϡļ֮ͻƿ۷嶼пܵġ
ȻҪͻƣҪʱġ
лûиӦ̴鷽ĸоҲͲôż뿪غ̻غˡ
ħʯɽаճ״ݻٷл
ŵĵ˳ɰգһٶħħĳͳͳɵħʯɽںܰȫ޵ĻҰҲǼģҪһʱ䣬һĻ磡
űŵӣлһֻصʮǰĸоʱıš
ҾԿл˵
Ҳ֪ҪħʯɽԲ򵥣ҪǿԼΣվأȫһ
İɣмƽϡлЦڱĺ촽һ£ʹ뿪˵أħʯɽ
ҪԿܷҵ취ħʯɽ
ڴͽš
ǰڼǣоԼ׸ԴӽռС磬ǿҵĸоԼǸ׸
ãʲôҪлţֵľúǿıʮֵĲˬһֻϣõ˱СŮˣҪǰлΪٲ׸
ħʯɽһıԼ׸
ʱħʯɽζʲôмƷ龧ʯ֮֮ϣ
ͬʱлȻħʯɽԼһ׵λãطһǼ֮öжơ
֮ƺ涼ɷǳӽǰˡ
лףױֵġ
лǱǿ󷨣ʹ÷ħħĸֶ˷۹ҲѰЩ۽ӺͰ׺ŮˣֻһĿģǽػ
н֮ڡ
еĳλǰֻˣлɵˣһˣʮ֮࣬ʮ˻ħʯɽΧ߶аλϵĸָţ˵ħʯɽⲻ͸
лжԼǱ֣Ҳֻһ·ˡ
Ϊ۷壬ǳλпֵΧУġ
ȫл͸ӽСˡ
Ķͨſ׵ķΧһ¼
лҵһԶԣٵĵطħʯɽ
ʹ֮лٵ¶ߵĲţ谭ٴط治谭ģȴ֮ܵȫ֮ѹȡ
ԽǿħʯɽԽܸо֮ľ֮
лԽǿԽǼѣܵ˷ǳ谭
ʵ޷ǰʱ򣬾ħʯɽнʮ׵ľأȫҲ޷ֺ
лתԣսתΪԵġ
뼫֮࣬һЩ֮⣬Ծǰ̤벽Ķ档
ǰУлֻͣ
ô죿
лħʯɽм䣬г۷弶ܹģȻǿԳΪġ
ǳλĸ֣ȻЩΣգҲһֿԼ֣ĸѾжʮ֮ˣɾͷҲǶԵħħһŷǳİ
л˼ȥҲû뵽ʲôõİ취
ķħħȫ䱸ţǲûзлĵֻǾػţǿоǷϣͬĩٰ㡣
лĿⲻĿĽ׼֮׵
뵱֮׾֮΢һȥˣ׵ļ֮ףȻǴļ֮׾ЩѷɫడǷԽ֮׵һأ
ǿǣϵɣֻҪϵôɽż֮׵ˡ
뵽˵㣬лɵһ˷ܡ
ֻǰ֮׿ɲͨһǿǷǳµģĺлұ֤
Ǳǧλã˵ǰȫģħĸַˣҲڶʱ˺ġ
ȶһлŴ߶֮ס
ҲҪ߶֮ףܴ߶ģλʱܹ߶Լǧ֮һôλӦܹ߶ĸһЩл߶Ĺ̫࣬ˣɲ˷˲ָĻᣬϾһֻʹһεģǵ˵ϳ
лԾǴ߶ǧ֮һİ֮
޷ɱλĸ֣ɱλĸֻǿģֻϧ̫̫ɢл޷һԴݻǡ
һ˿ѩ׵ĵӰ֮лģγһССĵŹš
ѩ׵л֮ħʯɽļ֮Գֵ˾ҵĶһ¶ʮĳλĸֵŷħħҲ֮ɥ
лָһ
ѩ׵ĵ㻺ǰӳȥγһϸ˿Ĺߣӵħʯɽ
ѩ׵ɲǻư֮׵ĵͼʥףǰ֮׵ĸһߣԶʤʥ׺ܶ౶ģٶ֮谭ֻ΢ͣһ£㴩͸֮Ķƣɵصʯɽ£Ӵļ֮ȻлŽѩ׵Ͱ֮ϵ
˰֮һȡ֮׵ʱһ״ϸļ֮װѩ׹߷䵽л͸֮ף㲻ܼ֮谭ɵĽħʯɽڡ
ǣ֮׾ҵĶ޷ﵽҪЩڳεķһȥʮˣһЩҲԳܵĵز
ֻʱ⡣
ʵһΣлҲˣԭ·أҵ裬ű裬շŵİ취»صħʯɽڡ
ͬħʯɽϣлͬ
ʯɽڿٳһĿռħˣħ˺ǿŵ糤ħʯɽı棬Ҳм׵ľ룬Ҳ赣ı֡
Ҫڴһʱ䣬һ굱УҪСģסһҪȫҲ´οʲôˡ
лһ±轿۵ߴűۺӣʱ򣬾Ƶʱ򡣡
ɫ֮ͽһۣ뵽Ҫֿһ֮ãܸʱ䣬ҵժ
ˣ
лǵһջĻһӱ㽫˵ѹ¡


1915  
л뿪ʱ򣬱ɢңۺ죬һ˫˵ʮ㣬·γˮ٣Ǹ˿Ȼðɵģǰ½ңл˫ܹȹҲ֪Ƿлħ̯븧ܵء
ɫǣõϰµģǵġ轿ųųܹ˵Ĺͷֵ
лѾ뿪Ȼƻ᳹׽ռеġ
˿̵лҲû뿪ħʯɽǴھԼٶ׵ĵطѾӽħʯɽĶ塣
лܹܵǿļ֮׵
ʵ߶֮ǧ֮һȻĺܴ󣬿ɻܹҵʶҪ˷Ǵ˲ָĻᣬϵؽ֮ɼ֮׵
ԭ֮ף֮ͼ֮ΪټħʯϣÿһҪﵽһҪܹ
ƽ
֮ںϣȻҪȥļ֮Ҳǵļ֮޷ﵽҪĵزһȺ˳⣬
лð֮ɼ֮ףܹ÷ݵģֱһӱü֮ԶԶĴﲻҪǺͿʱ˱ըȥֱͷһ˶Դġ
лҲ׵ٳһ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ó龧ʯóƷ龧ʯó֮ǰռϡļ֮飬Ȼл龧ʯʼȫ
˷ǾһǳĻᡣ
˵ˣлٶܹﵽһǳ˵ĵزҪ֪Ǽ֮׺ͼ֮˫ϣҪġ
ȴһУл״̬
ңһĿޡ
һʱ䣬ؼĵħܵĳǣһ㣬ش˷ӿּƣ·ܲ㣬׷׵ĳħʯɽڣлΪ̫࣬龧ʯ龧ʯɣó˵Ļ뿪ֻҪ龧ʯԾɿԱٶȡ
ȫɼһҵĶЩֿʼһıը
ħʯľܹΪҪĹ໥ƽſԣһƣǾͻ˴˳ײıըǷǳ˵ģٳĸ޷ֿġ
һ糤ĸֱըžЩǵķħħֵ䡣
ٶ֮죬Ƭ̼䣬ԭħֹƶٶģֻʣʮˡ
ڼ
ô£Ϊʲô
ûм֮羫ͼ֮׾Ҳ˳̶ȵʧܰɣһ⡣
ǿ⼫֮׵㣬ز㣬֮ǰԤƽȻͬҼ֮ħ廨ѪģҲԲܲһ˶ֽš
ǱȻ˼лԵģ˵˼绽꣬˼ر˵һɼ֮ء
ۣʵǷ޽ӽڳʧܡ
Ƿħ˺ħ˾޷ܵġ
ǻѪڵĻᣬĿʧܣܹܵˡ
˹̷˿ʼѰлľڵߣҲһҪл
ǺħʯɽΧħȫˡ
ұÿһҲûлټ
ϣл᲻ħʯɽϣʵ
ɵħʯɽļӲ̶ȣͨ켶ҲѴ򴩣ڱ棬Ƕܿôܽȥ˹ؽߡ
Ҳе
Ѱҡ
ʱѰţлҲڼȫٵʵͻͽ˵һ·쭵ĳλɫģûκεͣŸ߲εİɫ귢ҵĳ
Ӧл龧ʯڵ龧ʯ˵ħҶһĴǳĳ㣬лһûеħյشͬԽ龧ʯпٵ
ĵħڼǼż֮׺ͼ֮лȻҪûԼ塣
ÿһ֣ͿܶһֵĻᣬǶʹð֮׵İֻҪʲϵǿǾͬʹð֮ף˷̫ܹڳλܹ˲ָֻҪһƿξƱɻָء
һĵ⣬һɹɵͷӽ£ٵӣлҲŰɼ壬ѩɫϸ˿ʥ׼УϵԼʡ
ڼ䣬лҲĿ
˷ۿлΪ֮ǺȻ۵ľʮ˽лһ𣬲ֹͣܿȶˣͷ֣ۿЩλĸҲûиӦ
ˣѾԲۿ۲ˣлһͷ
ˣлİǷǳġ
ĸܶ࣬ͨ켶ȴϡٵģҲң˵ͨ켶ִҪΪͷͷ磬ûҪ飬ھĿ޵ģҲٻġ
۵ĿӳһС

ǾлȻзѵļһڲٿһֱ㲻ĸֳȭݡ
ǱȭſԵġ
ǡǡԡ
лඥ⶷ںභ˵Զûбôѡ
֮ǰûҲо˱ȭ֮ʩչһ̱ûκεͣͣ·պܾõĶ
ٿл˫Ŀ֮УƺһӰưվգȭ׵裬һȭأǽؼ׵磬ܹƬضһ㡣
Ǳȭ
һȭ֮£ѣ޿ɵֵνǰԵޱȡ
ȭѾ㹻֮Ϊ⶷ĶȻʧɫǰ֮Χʥϣôȭһȭ֮£Ŀɽѣ޵һȭˡ
лٰЩţԭڣû㹻ǿĶ֧š
лǲ񵶣ݣо籩֮ŭȵභÿһֶɫԽսֻɱָ̤ܹõó֣ҲΨɱָ󣬵Ҳ׷ȺսʱɱָþͷǳСˡ
бȭǿҲлݵá
һĶãȫ
һֿսһֿޱȭδʩչȴģʵĵز
ʱһɽĸолͷ·ʲôΣյһоһ֣лȻֹͣ
Σգ


1916  ŵĿ
л֮һ΢ϵãֻ鱻֮ⷽһЩԶԶла֮ͨĳ죬ʲôΣյĻܹӦġ
ʱ䲻Ǻܳлջȴǳ֮ġ
ȭгΡ
ؼǾѾλɫɫ꣬ﵽ˰ɫĵزǾλĵزܹȥò̫ãɳ۷徳ġ
ֻѣò
лϣʩչѸٵ뿪ħʯɽȻֱʩչռ壬ҪռС磬л˵ЩѶȣҪȥȴѶȣһ֮䣬ռ˸תĪ⡣
еһб㷢ת䡣
˫ٶȴʱѾ˿ռС棬лƵʩչҺޱķٶȡ
ȫ淢ٶȣգۼ缸ʮľ롣
̵ʱ򣬾ͷȻģ⣬ɫصĿǰ֮ˣΧ̵ĺȻǹֵµˡ
ȷлһҲǴ⡣
Ȼǹֵ³ˡ
лֵ¾ҪħʹڵıҲҪȵ˵ɣҹֵǷħǰģħѾֵħɽΪ˷ĳʧʧϧΪʲôҪǰأԼȥٶҲٰӵס
벻ͨ벻ͨлǴӿн
ʲôˣֵ·Ӧ졣
ո̧ͷлȻһƱץֵµͷɱˣҪùֵ£̶ȡ䣬벻ջ
ֵ´ŭҲȭ˳ȥ
أ
ڵлɲλλľ磬ȹֵǿֹһ㣬ͬɱġ
ȭͷһӴʱͿһɳǵĺֵ±ǿ𶯵ѺۣѪֱҲҽźɳȥһٶס
л鷽һ˿ϵҲûҿ
žž
λҲ̸ĵɳȥ
Ҳλ޵ˡ
ǣлһۣͬʱ˵
˵˼һùֵˣȡǵļ䣬ϣܹõһЩõĶ
һлٹȥ
ոսӽֵ£ͿԾڱеĹֵ¶ЦݣҲڷ仯һ˵ģһʮģһ
ˣл˻׵ľ룬޷ֹ뵽Ҫˣ
ǰȻɻȥ
䣡䣡䣡
졣
˷ԱǿŰ˷ⷽԲ׵Ĵضըİȥ
л̿һ˶һۣЩδǷӦʱ¾Ҫˡ
ǻƮ˵ء
ڲԶһ֮ϡ
ֵǼٵģл
̿ЦҲǽŷֵģǾˣϻļʱȻĻ󡣡
Լٹֵµ˵ʿɹʡ
ϵħ壬ȫѰҹֵ£鿴ħɽл
̵ͷóһԲ̣ǰħϵһ
дһ˻һƴСʹԶ
л̶һֱۣ˴ǣţʹٱǵģ̷仯
л»ģ
ܿ죬ǰƴСʹٵл̵ǰ
Сʹŵģһ޶ֻСģʹеִ鱨õһطҪãԶʧ˵ǷǳĪ⡣
˽ǰСʹ˫΢յ
һĨϤĸо
л֪Զڱ𴦵ܹ͸Сʹ۾Լܹ˵ͨСʹԭⲻĴݹ˵ܹͬġ
֪кܶʣҪش˵طάֵʱ̡ܶŵСʹĿд
˵л
Сʹûκεԥ׼õ˵ǣһĹֵǼٵģѾħɽֵԶɱ֮ǰȥԶɱΪԶɱħµһΪħ类֮ħһ䶫ɽ֮أǴħͰźõģħҲͨȵ󷨣ԶɱĳһطǷֵһҲ֪Ҹ㣬ҵ֮Ҫ׼ǰȥħɽȻҵħʹڣкҸĸά˶ุĸڵһȺʹȥڶսûɱǣֵ룬ұ׼ҵϾͬ磬Ҳ֪ҵһЩܣұֵͨ£ôħɴħǰͨѾǵڼ
ҵĳѾħնɱҲûʲôˣ㣬ҲƭĵǸɣܲܣҲ޻˵һħʹȷͨͨѾڰǰͷսʱ򱻲׷ϵڶħʹڸûʲôеһĿĵԶɱһأҲΨͨħʹڵſԽ룬Զɱڷ֣ʮͷҲ޷ģ浽ʲôֻдħ֪ˣ˵һϣǻкĻᡣ
˵֮Сʹ㻯
˵ݣл̾þ
һʼžȻҪлǺĿֻΪҪɱˡ
˵ǸħɽνܵҲǼٵˡ
ҪħʹҪͨǰԿףҪõԿףȾǴܶħʹ뷨ඥֲſԣԾѶȼġ
Űţܹƭң裬ԱõģǵһлЦ
Ծɵ͹ţǻۣӦһεġ˵
лңħɽķ̫ңԶսĶǿóһս
²űˣħʹҲʧأǴħ棬Ϊ˻ʧˣ֪ͨĻ֮󣬻飬ƵҪɡ
ΪʲôҪЩл
벻ףûбҪЩǵģħʹֻһĿĵԶɱ˵ǺޱҪ̳˵ĸòǼٵİɡ
лжϣֱң˵δǼٵģɻǣȻ˾ٵĿľΪ˱ⲻ˵Ϊ˱ϧôʹ˶õİѱǽͱʹ壬ôȻ⵽ʹ嶥ԵĴϾ˴δħĶǶ֣棬ȻʹĶ΢һ̣ϵħ壬ǲϧһдۣħɽһͳͳռԽϸԽã˵ģôҪǵһԺſûк·ĺ
ڲһ֦棬ʼħ塣
ʮ׸ߣ֦ҶïУ˸ֲ
л˼򲻶ϵתţ˼ŵĿĿģٻʼÿһϸڣÿһ̣ҪѰҳԳȦ׵ǻ鶼ûзһлҲΨжŵıָе̾Ů򵥰
ţ˹ˡл˵Ӱϵʱ¶һĨɱ̣㰲ħ壬ȥȥء


1917  
лгֳˣһ˺ȻӻпǷǳģΪӻעеĶ֣ͷǷֱŲͬ׼ϵѡļѡˣȣѷɫֵ̫࣬һᡣ
лӻ̱֮ûĨɱ뷨
ֻҪӻɱô׼ҴϵƳһ֣ҲԺлĵλ͸ܹݣһЩˡ
һл㻯һ⣬ӭȥ
ӻԴǰ֮󣬼ǰ϶׼Ҽʱ׼ұȻϵգռ꣬ǿվȽŸ˼˵Ĵ
ԲŻл֣׼ҼϹʥԥٰĿĲıлҪǣ׼з˼İȫһӻΪͨһ˼䣬Ϳǣ
ʶӻ
һûʲôΣˣл¶вЩˡ
лԺйӻļǰʱӻոտλãӻȻﵽλĶ壬ʵνǿ֮
ӻԵλĸ֡
˴ΰɱҪ£Բһλ벻Ҫ˼棬һֽϮɱӻλ׼ҳ˵
׼ҳЦӻİɣ֮ǰ̫ϳѾˣôǶ
Ҳ׼ҳϵؼǸԳƹֵµļһﴫݵ鱨ǲģǼٵģȻȥ֮˽ȻϷֵģʱȻģȻϵǵĿıܱƶϳʱ򣬲Ż뼫˵ı֮еġ
İɣмٵġӻŵĵ
Ȼ֪ӻΪţ֪ӦòдˣϾǿӻɳӻĽʮգðյģ׼ϵħػ˴ǣţҪ밵뿪һϵ˷֣ǷǳѵģΪӻһϵǸһЩǣסһϵΪ׵ϵ˵ġ
۲ûлľչΧⵥģĶͨͬл粻ķΧҲԽԽ㷺ֱ׵ķΧлۺĶͨͬʱġ
ȻǵĽ̸лĶˡ
лҲͨпǧҵλãȻĶͨ鿴׷ΧڵǷ˿
ӻռħأǲ⣿
ǺǣϿˣûȷҵ⡣
Щ㰵зչͶ巽ѾˣǽħпܸһϵĴ
һģӻѣһֱȻһ˴ħڵļһϵмұ۵Ϻʮϣһ͵ն˼۰޷ΪμȻѹƼһϵһҳΪٺ٣аսһϵײ
Сģﲻ̸۴µĵطǻܲġ
ַ壬ǵС£ѵԲǧͨ켶֣ҲֵܹģҸұ֤ǧڣûκ˾
Ǻǣַ峤ϣλ˵ЩǽҲɱ֮󣬿ܻᱻڰɣЩ͵õ˰ѱӦ˰ɡ
ӻ˵ЦˣôܻҪء
лһ˿Ц
Ҫӻǣ̶ȡΪؼСӵԺ̫ˡ
Ȼҽħ׼Ҽһϵĸ֣յġ
лʩչѸٵĿ
䲻⣬ӻʡͬٹֵһԱǾˡ
л˴Լʮ׵ʱɫ΢䣬ȵСģڵ£
գӻĵһͬʱ˫һţͿȻһɫ׵֣
ҲѸٵա
л״̾һû
ϾģӵȻ¶лˡ
ûһٽ˼ľ԰գǲҪðգǿӻȷǷǳĽСģϵǼ·żлжϣǷܹóֶûʮİջġ
ûǲҪðձ¶ĺá
лٵ뿪عԶӵðȻʩչ̤ӻ˿
Ȼӵܹ֣Ȼ͵ϮǲܵģΨнһսˡ
ӻ
ףлͣԶԶشȵ
ӻ˻ھɿ棬ûзʲô̸Ƿĳ־ħ޾
Ȼлȳ⣬л
ַϴҷɳγһҪΧлֹߡ
˶ǳλľ磬Ҫǿħ忨˹أħ尢˵ˣǶǳλɫꡣ
ɱҵġлϣĿɭɭĶӻޱȡ
ӻ𣬲鿴ң˴ƽأûиߵɽҲûʲôŨܵľ˵ĻҲ޷أȷֻлһ֮Ц֮䣬վһҪȥİš
˴ӲνлЦǰҺ磬һ磬ȻǱȷѡ֮󣬱нʮδ棬ھеңҲһ
Ȼһ㲻ÿԡӻЦ
лƳַһۣôҲв𣿡
ӻЦĵλϻ֣ʱ
ɱ
ڷΪϲȻŭ
ͬʱҼлɫʵǿޱȵģԶħ忨˹ǿĶࡣ
лҲȡ
λ徳磬۷ֻһ֮ΣգлڿѾ۷ˡ
˵Ⱦ磬ǶʮսѾܹͳλɫ꿹ˣǿĶлһġ
̤
лҪĿӻҲûӲӲ΢ѩɫĵ˸˲ϢԽ׵ľ롣
һգ˲ɵúȻ
ٶǺգ̤ͬǣȻ޷ǵľǸߵġ
ɱָ
лʥһָصĵǹ档
ٶȣӻֵĻᶼûУλ壬лĲ൱ġ
սʥɱָһֶ֮ǡ
أ
лָǹ֡


1918  ֮+ȭ
ӻĹȻɱȥȴûѿӻҲ¶һĨɭЦݡ
ã
лв֮ʱǸɱȥĹͬɱѹȥǿһӾͽлȥ
ǿķлָЩʹ˸ͬŵڵܿƵ󵹷ɳȥĿ죬ȥٶҲ˿֮һյַ׼ҳȴѾע⵽лֹӻػ֣̱֪ʲô鷢ˡ
ȫݺݵ򵹷ɻлȥ
ϣν޷졣
ˢ
лƾʣǿеڿתˣתҲƫԭĵɹ켣ˡ
֮ǰлײ˵ȭͷ
лһȭײĻУǷлսĴ߶ȭͷݺݵشλá
䣡
顣
лҲǰ쭳ȥ׵ľ룬ŻǹɷסΡ
ַϵãɱʱ㷢ƵɱлҲһ񽣣ɱȥ
ĽӰĽ裬Բǧһ׵Ĺ֣ݺύʾַ幥ͳ̶ȣ֮жһѺۣǱƵģǱַǿᡣ
ӻֵİлҲеˡ
ԣǷӦӻһϵĳλͨ켶̫ϳϸ֮õģǿлжϣܹ۷弶ֵҪƽ⣬ѣĹЧġ
ַϯ콣ӰлȻһЦַɶʲôвġ
һȥ
㴩ԽգֱǽӰ֮С
ɱɱɱַ巢ƵĿն
˷лҲ潻棬ǿ϶ľ޴Σյģлһ±㴩ԽǽӰƲַ壬ٶӻȥ
ӻЦҾվҺΣ
һѣлȭ
񱩹ַһлȻܶսŭһȻתл߾񽣡
ն
㾡ȫַ彫еһ̬ӷȥ
һֻа׳̵Ľתţлĺ󱳷ȥżĺХ·Ҫһ硣
ַļ֣˵һ
ۿǽҪлʱǰлȻһùǽ⣬ӿзתĺ档
ǽֱӻȥ
ž
л˫ֺʮֵʳָָһ̽ǽ⣬ǰȻһͣɱָ
֮ΧʥѸٵںսһԶıȥ
䣡
ײӻķ֣죬ӻҪɳȥδ뿪ɱָ֮
䣡
неһ㡣
͵ĹǷڳһ˿ѺۣӻҲǿһǰ㵹ɳȥһǧףصײڵϡ
һײӻҲܵĴ
ǹһɢʧˡ
лҵľᣬ̤ѩɫ⣬ȥݺݵسײȥ˲Ϣ㵽ӻĽǰ
ŵӻȻ¶һĨЦ
ɱУӻϵǼȻѣıγһԲΣһ䲻׵ĺɫʱͨǶ棬һӰ֡
˭׼ˣɫͨĺ󷽴һ
һ˲䣬л뵽˺ܶࡣ
ǾϱȻǣƼһϵϵ˵ˣôһϵϱȻҲע⵽
ӻҪɱңлٵĺˣͬʱ
ʱ˿̣ħڵһɽڣ˵˵׼Ĵڽ̸顣
ֵ߳ɴʱͨȻϺʮԼһϵһʮ˳ˡ
ֻϺʮϲû⣬ֻΪӻΣգȵġ
ǶȻ洫лĺУϺʮ̷Ӧ
ϣңΪһϵ˼ĸ֣Ȼ֪νл飬ͬʱҲ˶˵أǸӻȥɱлģû뵽лҪɱӻ
ŭϲһеϡ
ʮסʮ˳ϡ
ʵϺϸ£ͨ켶λľ磬һȫޱļƣӣ̻ȭֵͬʱĶͨ㵯һָ
ʩչҲɱָ
⣬ͨ켶λ۷ôһ£Ǹ۷弶ĸֿҲֵ֮ġ
͸ͨһ׳̵ĹͬһǹĺХɱ
ٶȣлĻᶼûС
ǱУǱɡ
ƴˣ
л˫Ŀ࣬ĵͷﻹбȭǽ֮ȫ
λɫʱлԴ߶֮ǧ֮һɱλķ׿λɫ꣬ʵԽʮȫ߶֮ףжǿ
ǰٷ֮һǿ
űȭľ໷ư֮׵ϸ˿ʥףЩʥڰ֮Ĵ֮£˵ʥ׵ҲȻ
׵лȻ޷ӳȫǴ̼ɵлǺġ
˷һҲǳһ
ʥױʵܹ߷ʮ֮һҲͲˣΪ֮ױȻ֮ͨ׵һӴ̼ʥ׷ʮ֮һ˵Ӱ֮װٷ֮һʥ߷֮һ
ʥʲôȫӳǾͷĸֶܹնɱġ
߷֮һǿҪͨ켶λֲǿӵóȫ֮ȴԴ̼ʥ׵زҲлһϲһĴְ
ԺҪ֮ȫǧ֮һںʥ׵Ҳһܹﵽǳĵزλ־Կɱġ
ֵⷢľϲһ˲ϢϾͷ
лȭͷ׺ݵĴȥ
ȭӹЦӻǾͿӻԾɹŹЦݣͬ紵ķɻңû£׵ɢؼ䡣
λӻǰĻᶼûУ̫ˡ
һȭǶһҲûκεĵֿ׳Ĺе٣ֲ˺ͨ׺ݵĳȥ
˿̣Ϸŭһȭͷײ
˶ͨ켶λľ磬ȫԿһ˿ನɢڵĸɽȻĩƮɢ
ʵ൱ȫһͬʱһû˺ԷһһҲǱѪӿ
ϣһжˣĿУ϶лǲֵܵһģϾǾǳ۷弶ҲǱɵģԾлսû˵꣬͸еһɻԵ
֮ǿԿв
Ͼ֮࣬ѾѸٵĳȭ
ԼŵʮϺʮ˳϶ǴͨڷһѩɫȭͷǸе˹


1919  ټ
˭Ҳû뵽ᷢ顣
ҲһʱסˣϽ治֪ˣ˴˼ʵΣպεȶؼһģԿһϾһҪµĸоܹͨ켶¸˲
˵Ψͨ켶ֲܿġ
лֿ
϶лɣû뵽ϵȻˣһɸǿֲ淴оΣա
ͬģ۾һ
ζлûһᡣ
ɱϵĴûᡣ
䣡
ѩɫĵ⻷ƵȭͷӰڶҷȭͷ棬߸ոӴ̱Ѫɽĳ档
ϵȭͷ飬ֱѸٵıѡ
ǿûʥ߷֮һ㹻ɱˣοǶϲִ֮У˳ɣεֿ

ϲҽһѪɳȥ
ѩɫȭͷӰҲˣϸСĵһӱǶϵϡ
ء
һϵеıը
ϵϲϵرѣһѪ֡
ɱ
Ⱥʱϼ״һȭ˳ȥ
ʱĶﻹоϳ֣ȴûֻֿĿһȭ顣
һϺʮתΣʮ˳ϸ
ħڵ׼Ҹ̷ҵѪս
ͬʱл͸еȫһʹűʧȥ˶ʹĸоǰڣκ飬ǣš
ѾԽܵļޡ
Ĺȶ
лҲ߶˲ָ츳
ճ̬Ĺȣ˲ָҲܹлָ۷״̬һл߶˲ָȻûȫָսȻҲָһңȫԾʹޱȡ
ɴ˿ɼлĶ
Ǿ˲ָȻǵΪĹ
ˣлҲһ޷ܣҪʹȥĸоַȴ
ڷУһл˵͸ǻܹͨĲҽеޱȵľ塣
ܵ£
л﷢źܻȥȻĻȻᱻַɱģƾżǿ־ҧأǿ֧ţҴ߶һɵսѸٵĻȫĻָţҲƽģ
ַ壬ֵˣлĿϬޱȵĿַ壬ȥ𶯵Ŀڲ
ַȻһȻĿлǼַս񽣣йâ˸
ĸолӦĺǡ
ڿȥл״̬õĺܡ
ַһʱ䲻֪ǲǸó֣ɵлԵѪ֮ɫʱøѿǶϵѪģӻģΪӻûʣ¡
ž
лۼַĿ˸ȭͷһĨѩɫ˸ţ̬Ҫ
̸ַо⹥뷽лһȫһΣͷһವһ±Զɳȥ
һߣлһƨɵڵϡ
У뿪лɲΪܹƭֶʱ䣬Ͼģҧأһӱû¡
ֱǧңлóξƣ˹˵ıȥ
ξƵĻָЧء
л壬һָҲǳǿˣȻе˵ʹԾһʱȥĸо
˴Ѿ𼰸
֣
һҪֹȥ
лҧأͷֳȫļⶼˣոչһʱ䣬ʱĹΣղı¶
ʹ࣬ľʹ
ͣ
ΨͣʹһǺξҲˣҲлƾǿ֧š
أʱţлʶʼģ
ȴš
һָǾ˲ָ
ʥ츳һôǾһʹһΣֻҪȥٶʹ˲ָ
ʱ䵽˰ɣ
лҲ޷ȷȥãٴδ߶˲ָ
ˢ
һĨδڼѸٵȫǾʹҲ֮࣬Ҳٵ
лľҲ

һлδĵհ˲ָȻָֻܻɵԾɴڹ۵Ľ׶Ρ
лóƷ龧ʯʼ
⼫Ʒ龧ʯڷħصĿռСħʯɽѾ㹻ĵħ˷Χħ
֮лžȵĻعر
˷ҲлЩ£˲ָĿޣָĶôݣҪҲ壬ˣͨ켶ģҲɥġ
̫ˡ
ͨ켶磬Բٶлģֶʵ̫Ҫˡ
оǣлţݣʱڲӦˣϾ׼ҶϣȻľ޴󣬻ҪעӰ죬о׼Ҵһϵ˿϶Ҫģ
л˼һ£㷵غ̼ϡ
̻Ⱥħռ鱨ء
ʱ䣬ҲǺż鷽ûдΣУֻԭؽĵȴϾʵȥѰҵĻܱá
лͽľ˵һ顣
ħ巽ռ鱨ˣл
ûռȫ鱨ʾ˵Ķģħɽȷʹ͵ħĸִģսڻûء˵
ţˣΪ֤ݲع⣬ھͻΪӣعǣĻغϣķųϢл
̵أ
лȥħɽ
ΪۿҲģʹֺ͵ħֶпƵģҪҲô򵥵ģǰ˵Уһܵܵʲôأͨܵͨ켶׾ܹ浽ʲôҪ˶ġ
ȻˣлҲԱŸһ൱Ĳʹ죬
ȻܾԶԣԱȻܸΣգǾ籩ʹãٱϰȫǿԵģ̱뿪ˣȻǻع֮ʹٱתģģڸûǸҪ
̣лֱ̣ħɽ
ǰȥħɽǰȥһطǾħڣ׼ش飬϶򵥴ϵġ
ۿĶͨлû£ߣҲǰðȫ׼
ԽħأδﵽħأʮӰӳлĺУΪ׵ĺȻ櫡


1920  
ڵħ磬ħɽµͷ֮⣬˵Ϊ⣬һǴħһ櫡
Դӳһֱ˼磬ݵλ츳ΪһǾ֮ţνǵħ纱ĿţлһħʱΪֻʮս۷徳ģ͸۲⣬Ȼλɫĵزٶ֮죬˿л
ǰģ㶼ǳĸ֣лһ۷弶ǿߣݾԾ˵ġ
лϣǵ
ų۷弶ĸ֣лҲҿֻǱǧ׵ľ룬ƾ۵Ĺ۲⣬ܹĿ櫵˵ж򣬶櫵ѷǧ
櫵ɫҴңҲħء
ֻǵľ巽ħصĶлǰĿĵҲкܴġ
лǰС
ȻħعԶɱͳȣΪħɽνͨħʹͨǰȥôҲģȻôܳ
櫵ƺҲ֪׼ʲô򣬿һԲùһħص򣬵ħһɽлע⵽˶ǿߡ
ħΪţлӻַ壬Ľ̸У֪ģлۣܹӻ׼Ҽһϵ̫ϳǣȻͨ켶ϵĸ֣лľ磬ۿҲֻܲ緢ְˡ
Ķͨʼá
λ徳磬лĶͨ׵ĵزĶͨԺγɵӰҲﵽǧ׵ĵزҲ赣ֻܿ
ħصˡ
һǶǿߣͨ켶λ֮߰ڣвͨ켶ǿߡ
һħĸ֣ͬͨ켶λ֣࣬Խһǧİˣ˴˶ûзͻֻңңš
м䣬һĳӣŵš
ʥףл׵磬Ȼ
ǰʥ߷֮һͷų׼Ҷͨ켶λĸˣֿʥףȷле
ƾол֣Щʥ׵֣ƺǱڳڵģһĲʥ׵һ̶ˣǴﵽһĵزĻɱͨ켶λĸˡ
Ҳѹ˴˶ţҶ֣˭Ҫǲһʥ¾ڳȫˡ
櫵ħ巽һ΢ɧ
ħͨ켶λĸҲԶ㹧񣬵ħŮˡ
šֻǵһͷ
ʮֱǸӡ
櫵˵ľٶ巽ĸ̶׷׵䱸̬
лҲɵô㵣ѾΪħʹħŮˡ
ڵħ磬λΪǴħǵħ粢ǿĶˣҲŮˣʱǲΪħģǱΪħŮ
櫣ʲô櫵ֱǳӣͨ켶λֵȵ
Ҫȥ櫵ĵ
ͨ켶λֵʱеſڽࡣ
ǿʥ򣬻һĵز¾ǾͷҲΨǸļرͻľͷеɡ
ǰĸ֣һ·ɢǸӰΧ
Ϳһϵƣһɹɢʥ֮УȻͿһϸ˿ʥױǣڳ棬Щ˵һȭؿڣһɫѪڵ棬֮Щ㻯һţӡڡ
һվʥϷǶͨ켶λ֣ҲĻҲ
ͨ弶λֵʱɫ쳣ѿ
ûȥ
˼רӦʥ׵İ취ɲŻȥʱҲʥһͷųɣһôħ忹⣬Ķ˽ȫġ
λ½Ťͷʮ˵˿ɱ⣡
漴ڡ
ȥ磬Լ˸߲ѣƫƫȴûеȥ
ԾɴڶŽ׶Σ忴ȥ巽Դˡ
ǵĶţлûȤ櫽ڲעġ
Ŀǰ״̬˵ӦħһأЩħڴأǰģǽڣʲôҪĶ
лʩչǳ·
ǧ׵ľ룬գۼ㵽˳·Լ׵ĵطлͿһϸ˿ʥһ
ǸǺܴ󣬷Բٶƽ׵ӡ
ʥȴĺʵ
ƾĶͨлҲܹеΣʯ̾͵Ŀռ䣬ֻһ޴ĵ
ôȥ
л½ƺҲܵĴʥ׵ȫҪɵʥ׵
ʥһлʣյΨа֮׿Բ¡
Ŵ߶һ֮߰׵ָͷųȥƵħռСڵħʯɽİ취ð֮׵һʥйͨ
һӴʥ̱֮׳һ־һ˲䣬лоһɲǵʥɢܿ죬ʥӱ𴦻۹³ʥ׵
ϾȻɵǵħһǽһطգ̾ͻΧĵħġ
ʵΣˡ
лٴγ֣ʥȡһ˲ϢĹһǸռڣһУ͵һû£㿪櫷֡
Ҳ֪ܷʥһ£ǾΣˡ
ǰʥ߷֮һ֮лʶЩȻɵжôˡ
Ů·ռڡ
վǾ޴ĵǰ
˵һӣ˫ֵ׿ʣһĵȻ˫۾͸һһе̬·ؼףüļһֻ׵۾ƺܹء
ħµһУˣҪˡ櫿Ǿ޴ĵĵ˵
ħ
лǵȻ֪ħħµһ֣ͷĴڣնɱͷ
˵֮櫱׼ħµһС
ˡ
ʱһĮȻ
ռͻأĳһȫںɫеĸ֡
εлĶͨȻûз֣ʥػŵģνģ
⻹лȵģ𾪵ǣⱻɫ֮˵лҶ϶˾ͷĴˣ


1921  ͷ
ͷĴ֮ˣлһĵǣ֪ռ磬ҽУڿûнռ磬һе⣬Ȼûȥô͸ӦþݣΪʲôĸֶûаأ
ѵʥǸ߲㣿
лҡҡͷ˾ʥǵĸ߲㣬Ȼ֪ôܵģǸ߲нӽĲһŶԣƫƫ޷ȷ˭ле˵Ѳ֮
˭Ȼתһħˣɫĺʵ
лָܵʥױһ˿
˭Ҫͷĵ׿ħ񣬡ħõħҵõ׵壬ϵİǵʱչأħݺ޵Уħõ׵Ļᡣ
㡭櫵
ͷֱӴĻҪ׷Ļˣ֪Ҫʥ׵ǿȴЧܹӦ뵽ġ
׻
ûж֣뵽ͷνģһʣȻʥ൱ĵֿ˵
һֵĻǳıС
櫳
ͷĵ֪ħ񲻼򵥰ƺħ긨棬ħʯ౦ȻǸͨ䣬ħѪ临գħѪսħųɾŵ԰ɣ
㣬㡭ŵĿͷ
ʹ𾪶޷ȶ̬֪ͷ˵Ŀ϶ģлҲ̾ѣȻ˿µãһĻǵħƾնһͷ
ǾħųɾŵǾζսܹնɱͷģԵǿ
𣿵ڱչأħ͵Ϯңܹҵְ취ͷ͸һĨǣھȻħµѪ
㵽˭֪ôĻŭȵ
޷ˡ
ͷΨʹħ֪ܣħ϶йܵģԼûйܡ
ƫƫ֪ˡ
лһֹڻħµѪҲ֪ǷĶħѪΪħ׼ģǷĺأ
ȻħƣǷзħħħأ
ħ翴ûеô򵥣ǿ϶ֶܶΣδʩչ
˭ͷЦ˵ҾǵħΪˣ
㣿櫾һ
˵档
ͷЦûңҵ⣬ħͱҵĿˣνݺ޵֣Ҳ㲻һָ۷ڣǺϣƽһҸǿֻϧħվûӹһ٣˷褵·
褵·⻰ʲô˼櫵
㲻Ҫ֪ͷĵˣҲټװˣҼȻˣħһɣڵǿ١
¶ң֮ɫ¶һĨЦȻǾ޴ĵ档
ʱҡ
ˢ
ħֻ۾ˣһĨ貵ĹâһĲбüļ׵۶ɵ۾ɱɽɫģһѹҲͷųˡ
׵壬ΣԴڵĳȴ˼֮⣬ֻħһˡͷƽĵõ׵ĽɫĿںϳ׵壬һͶˡ
ɫ䣬ʧɵģ
ͷЦеĵȻңҪ壬ȡ׵Ŀڡ
˵Żͷִһ⡣
˸鶯Ϣһӱħͷ
ԭողǿʱϢˣħ˫Ŀغϣǹɾ׵ѹҲʧˡ
ᣡͷһץ
꣡
ħĽɫĿ̱ˣһ˿겨ѸٵɫĿ֮ڣͷС
һ硣
櫿ĿɿڴϣħȻôɱˣ
ž
ͷûֹͣյһָ
ָһתûϡ
櫻ħһֱУӦΪʱе
䣡
޴ĵʱը
ǿĳ𶯵ʹһǰȥ
ڰлҲоǿҵҡΡ
𣬾ͿһĨ貵ĵӵڲһǿ׵糤ռڡ
⣬ħҲкУͷ״ɵþ
Ϳ׵糤·裬ػʥʼγһľ׵ѹ
ͷѸٵĺˡ
Ҳǿĺɳȥûжʲô˺·׵֪һֻԶġ
žžž
ѵĵƬ׷׵ķɫĽɫ׵УعһĽɫţǵĽǰ
ȻǽɫűڵĿ
͸ǽɫĴܹƺʲôǿĵ⣬Żĵĵط򲻶ϵнɫĵ˸ţ赲˵Ľ롣
ɫ׺ͷǽɫ绷ƵŻ͸һ˿ȣǾ̾ããħħ㲻Ǳҿصûеõ׵壬ȴܹһֲ׵壬˿һУããܹ߻ұ֮ģйƽһս
Ǿϲ
ԭΪƻģû뵽ȻһС
Ȼ֪ħһǺУֱһоԷǳǳĿ£ȻĻͷˡ
櫣֪ʲôͷЦеĵ
ȻͷģлܹоǾǱĿĵЦݣֻϧ۸޷ãĶͨҲУǼӦһԸ̽ġ
ңҲ侲
ͷȻĵкβɣ˵С⣬ħˣҲᣬָ۷״̬֮ƽһսͬԭħͬһָĻһ
һ̣¶ɡ
Щ⡣
ǰлͷĿģȴһ㣬ĿģҲԼԸǾǾͷҲûзϰɣȻĶ̫ˡ
ʲô櫵


1922  ɫ׺
ͷǽɫŻصɫ׺ʲô¾ħħ֪һжҪˣȻɳ׵壬Ϊ֮£νԹŴδйΰ󴴾٣ʲôҲֻ֪ˡ
˵꣬ͷһΣƾʧˡ
ʼչעл̸Ӧͷõһ뿪ģ뿪˵ˣ˱𴦡
ָػ˵صʥһ
һĻлҲǰԾȣ϶ҲħµֶΣܹͨЩ˵櫿ǿʥ˵Ļһսл޷ء
ž
һУָ㣬Ϳһϸ˿ĵǽɫŻ档
Ľɫ櫲ٿصʥӴ̱㱬һǿɢȥҪһе̬
ɽǣ櫿Ƶʥǽɫǰֻ΢Ĳ˼£ѾǰȻ
櫲ɵһüͷ
ôᣬɫ羹ȻǴɵʥǾͷֵĻԿİħħֶΣǱȻƽ֮ǡĵ˼һƺ뵽ʲôȽȽգص档
뿪лŴӰ߳
վǽɫŻǰ
洫һ˿ϤĸолԺиֳɽĳõ׵µ׵纣ȻҲˣֻƺɽ׵纣ǿ˲֪ٱ
ɵʥڰ֮ǰӦûǿӦİɡлֹ
֮׵ٶȡǳϡٵһߣ͸ָȥǽɫŻ档
ӴɾĽɫʥ̱㱻֮׾ȡ൱׵羫Χػ˵صʥ״һ޶
л΢΢һЦа֮ףԺκ鷳ˡ
֮ɴɾɫʥ˲䣬һͬԾŰ㣬ԽǽɫŻ
Խȥǰ㷢䡣
һƬɫ׺
ͷ˵Ҳлɽ׺Щƣͬ룬ɫ׺ʮ׵ӵĿֲ˵ɽ׺ֻͨ׵ĻôĽɫ׺ڲϿֲĴɾʥף󲿷׵Ǽ֮ס
֮׵Ĵ𣿡лǽɫ׺һʱ侹Ȼ˷ܵ˵
֮׹Ȼǿɱͷڻ£ֱлͷ˵Ļк壬δԲǰ򵥣ͷ޵Уȴħȳ׿ܴʲô߻۷塣
Ϳ褣ħǵȺɨһоͷնɱͷ̽ȡʱֲֿлһֱǾǽ֮ɻΪ׵Ļھͷɨ޵ֵĵزҲ
ǰ˾޴Ľɫ׺ɾǸһشᡣ
ͻͻ
δл˷ϣһ۾ȻԶҷŴزҲ״β֮Ӧǽɫ׺ƺյĳָӦҲ΢΢Ĳˮ˹˵ĵطлվλã˷ɢȥġ
лĵ꣬ǽ׵֮µĽɫе֮ڳ͵ģ֮Žܵϵɫ׺ħħγɵ׵׵ǿռħأʱ䣬ؼ׵ں϶ɵģôȻҵŷǳҪа֮ĻᣬҲдȵ˰ɣɫ׺ֱһذ
һӣл뵽˺ܶࡣ
ָӿԺУЩ˷ܡ

³һлһ˿Ц⣬ľƽټĽɫ׺ĺֵ׷Χڣǿ׽ɫ׺ΧԾ׺ֻͨףͨ׵磬Ȼʱƣɫ׺չ
ƽľл׼̤ɫ׺ʼξȡ֮á
Ҫ£ȴ
νۣ˵򵥵һƬƽ羵ĺˮֻҪĲȣᲨ۱ܹͨһУӦһС
۲ںϵҲһ˿΢Ĳ
̶ֳȵĲûлľңӵİƫƫĺƽлδ飬¾Щľ֪İͷͷҲδ
ƵԽԽ죬δӴ
ںϵҲظֳȻʼ뿪ˡ
л¶һĨϲ
磬ϣﵽĵزԽ磬ﵽϵͨ켶磬ٶȷ룬Ӷ˫˫ﵽһ󼰵ĸ߶ȣ겻㲻ĳ׿ز
ԭлΪԵʣʮսʱںˣȻٶȷ룬ǲ˵𾳽磬ﵽͨ켶ӵеĸ߶ȣĿ£ﵽͨ켶֮ǿȽԽͷɡ
ŶķлҲӦ֮ǱۣҲ֪ε仯Ƿдģɱء
лڴ
ûм̽ɫ׺
ţɱ䣬ƽĹ۲ǰĽɫ׺ܿӦеĲ֮ͬ
ǽɫ׺λãһɫ硣
˽ɫ磬ɲʲôɾʥףµһ
ѹͷᷢ̾ħħšлһڲͬĽɫ磬ĵ׺εʮǧľ룬ȫҲܹһ𣬾һ΢ͷҲȡģϾһ׾ģֻطףֻƤëƤë
һ׵ľôһ޴Ľɫ׺Ҳģǲ֪ٶ꣬ɫ׺ĵطǷʲôΪصĶȫµ׵壿
ԵлȻϣ׵ˡ
һӵ׵壬Լܹͻͽڶ̶̵ڱʶͷ
һΧŵǴԼһ׷Χա
νգû׵ǳһǾл껯
ʱ˿̣۶ı仯ҪǽɫΧһ׷ΧڵϢĲ
лԽԽǿ㿴Ϣ𽥴ӽɫ׺Ʈ
һɹɵϢݳɫ׺ʱҵĲӦǵرϷֳ
ʵʣգûʲôƣ˵ơ
ôһͻأϡ
䡭
տʼֻǿһգۼ䣬׺֮ϣ׵˴˽֯ҵ춯
֣Բʮʱ׷׵۹


1923  
Ĵħ廤ħʹԲʮħأܹǣħͻħڣ͵Ȼİڶвģͨ켶˵Ǻ׵ıɸо
Ե֮ϣʱѡ
һƺҪݻ١
ħʹΧڻĸַ׷׵˵سиǲͨ켶λ֡
һʱ䣬ʹ壬壬׼ңͳͳ۹
бǶ岻ħػģħػԾģҲ׷׿£ʹöҲٵš
֮⣬ħɽĴսȻ
ɱ˫û뿪һµĽĿħڣĴħĸֹ֮ڣʹ֮ڣҲ׷׵ľ£ȥ
˷ħء
֣ħ缸ۼȫˡ
Ψ˼δдģĸֵǾۼôĸ֣˭Ҳұ֤Ƿǿˡ
ֿʼڲңʱ˿ħѾа֮ڣǽɫ׺ڵķΧر棬Ǿۼ֮ĸ֣ͨ쾳ѹƺƵóͬһʱᱻġ
ǣ
һը졣
Ϳ֮гһ޴Ѻۣһɫĵֱʥײĳڡ
ʥ׵ʱ
ΧĳĸֲûʲôвЩʥԶӹǣɢȥͬצ㣬צġ
ˣ
쳷
ۼͨ켶ּΣһɫ䣬ٵĺˣǹȻǿǶûеʥ׿⡣
ʥ׸ǷԲ׵ķΧڡ
Щͨ켶־˳ҵλãǼƾǵһʥĻͨ켶޷ʥٴηʽĳ
˵صͳ߱Ȼǰһ
׼ҳֵȻˣڴһϵĶϺʮ˳Ѿʮָɵټȥӻ˵׼ҵʽһƬãһϵڣ׼ҼϹʥһֻ̤ͷ磬ȻעԷˡ
ƺ㣬һվ˸оǹš
ʹ壬壬ң壬ԼĴħ巽ĸҲоϵĲͬ
λոյõϢħħµһǺУͨ켶ȿˡ
׵ŵ֪ʲô˵ɣûбҪʲôҪҲǲܵġԷҵͨ켶Ц
ҺͶ֮ìܿ˵һġ
ǡǡһСì쵽ͨ켶λ֮ԣһ֮˳ͻôȻĶԿͽԱˡ
帥׵ŵɭɭı뵽飬֪Ĳһˣ˵ǰһ˵ǽɫ׺Ҳ²ⲻĻħħӦýħõ׵Ľɫʹϴͨô꣬ӦһЩþͷҪĶĶˡ
Ų˵Ҫ̰ɡЦ
帥׵ŵȻŭ
ɵ϶֪Ǹ˷ķ̰
֣ҪС֮ĶȾ֮ɡ׼ϵĵ
ɫ΢䣬⻰ʲô˼
ûʲô˼ʵʵ˵ߵ
˵ĺãЩ˾Сˡ帥׵ŵ
ּҷ
֮ˣҲ⣬Ͼͷìܣǽì׼ҵͽͶңȻѾնɱ׼ҶԷͬ൱ޣҲ
ˣˣλˮû塣ʹִԲ·ǽɫ׺˵رǰҾӦֱȽϺá˵ŻƳһĴħĸ֡
Ҳ˵ԣһӦһ¶ǡ
׵ŵ˱˴˿һۣĬǺֱһµĿĴħĸ֡
˵ħأħµرȻħ˳档
ħֻʲôҲ֪ҵǣ˫֣֣һУƾΣ
Ŷ㲻֪ʹֵ
֪ħһ׵һ꣬ͨط份ѣоųɾŵѾݻ٣¶Ľɫ׺֮˵ǷʵģǶ֪ħֵĵ˵ĻҲãҲգһ㣬ŴҶ֪ʥ׵Ψ֣ܲʥ׵вС
ʥĲ˴˽һʹֵҲãֽСһָǻʥΧʮ֣ô£
ħֵΨطǣƣҲѹʥ׵Ȼãƾʮͨ켶λѹʥ׵𣿺ߣʮͷҲûǷ
ʥĿǰжϣնɱͷġ
ǵʵҲȷ޷ܡ
ȻҪǴҶʹð˳ɵΣʹֵ
ԣħֱʾͬ⡣
˳Ѿǳǿᣬʲô⣬ҲԱ
ǺЩͨ켶λַ׷׵߳
ܼʮ֮ࡣ
׷׵ĺˣʮ˻ʥԼ׵ĵط֮ٴκˣҲǾܵбϰȫ
һ֡ʹֵ
֮ܰڣ˸ʮͨ켶λͷųѹƵʮѹϢ
һ


ʮ̼֣ǵһȥͿʮһʥ档
ʥʱ
ֻ΢ħڰ־͸оһֻԵʮɫ䣬һѪ
ԣǵʥȽʵ̫ˡ
ʮѹʥף
ʱһ
ȥվڸ߿գȵ
ʥ׷ΧڵʮһͿƿصһʥ׹ɵҲãʥ档
ԭҪʥŻ
ʮֳһ
Ҳʱʥ׵һɫ׵綸Ȼתһʱ䣬˷ֵ׵Ҳת
Խɫ׵Ϊģܵ׵罥γһ޴УǷԲʮĵطէȥͺһж£ˡ
䡭
ϣ߿֮Уͻأĳһϼ⡣
һƸ֡
Ưϼ⸲ǣӳǾ޴׵Унɫ繵ͨأ
ˣ
쿴ǽɫĳһӰ쿴ӰԽԽˡ
һ˰˭ħħ
У˶֮ۡ
Ǿ׵в̫ԶĵطɫֵĳһӰҲϵ
ˢ
ӰǿʱһӰһͷʹ⻪˸ŵķˣӰһŵļУ񱩾л


1924  ۷
˳Ȼһ𶯡
ħûз壬Ψ˼ŻӵУڣҲ˵ĸҲѾˣֻڰûлˡ
ǵĳ֣ڱʱΣȻ䶯ġ
Ƿһպգ𺳡
Ƿһڽл֣ʹ˵ĿˢˢļǵѾӰϡ
л櫺
磬˭ϤлǱ裬Ҫվ˱櫣ΨǰϤ̶ȣȷˣҲûڻˡ
˾ͿлӰ˫Ŀ΢գһĨ΢Ц΢Ц˸еһͣ·Ͼܹľƽ͵ϢлӰ֮ӿһĽӲЩǽɫ۶ɵģؼ׵羫
ƣϼ⣬׵Уɫ׵磬һеһжǰ
ħŮˣлһѾɫ׺ˣǱϽȥȻĻħħѪ۵ĶͿܱлһӶһˡħĸּæ˵
Ļ˵Ĺ
Ȼ׼һǰϲ
ֻҲĻǺлΣյľأֻܼС
λǱл̤ɫ׺ҽҸѡˣһȥնɱл櫴
Դˣûһ˾ܾ
Ȼĳл̤ɫ׺ı
ǿ˵ȴ׼εлһˣ˶лǵж״̬ģе֣ͬлء
ǺӰ֡
ħĴħԳˣʮˡ
һƯʥϷ׼С

һ
ֻһɫıδ󺺴Ⱥ߳
һ֣ǹƾȷ˵Ѿһ֮ɾͰͷĵز˭ʶ
λ櫳
ؽǹδ󺺵ĵ˿ȥͬһ˳ǹվıֱ͸һǿѹ
£һӰݳ
з壬֣ҲħޣģȻħ֮ΨжſԵġ
򣿡ߵ
ؽǹҾ֮ģҵĸ֪λĻұ֤ǽûһ˻š
˻
ʮ˲ɵõһ
Ƕͣס˽Ų
֮ģԶܾͨ߱Ķ֮ͨĵˣΨлδո̥֮󣬱㱻Զͨʩչط죬Ż֮ģӵ֮ĵˣδɾ;ͷĸʽߴɣһΣĸӦ
Ծ֮ĵ˵Ļû˻ɡ
λͬɳ˲μӵĻǽСؽǹȱ˵˵
Ҳһ
ؽǹĵǣ
ĸɴ̹ףҲҪҪûʲôȣгɾ;ͷʱġ
Ӧûɡ櫵
ħĴħ巽棬Դ巽Ҳûԥͬˣǰǣؽǹһͨ켶λѹʥ
ؽǹʹĴӦˡ
ؽǹѡѡ¸ˣƵ
һ˱ɳ
λ塣櫿ǣһڽǵ
ؽǹԽʥףǵɫŻѣҳҲֻǿɢǳ볤λĸҲкܴΣͷųһĽǿȫ𣬾ǶʮˣҲ֣֮ǱϾǴɾʥ
Ǹѡ֡
ħ緽ѡˣ櫸Ҫȷǣһ
ħŮˣȥɡ
ɨһˣ΢΢һͷѦ
ħѦԸǰħŮ˳ȫ
ҲգȻֻķ֮һħѪĲǣһǺܿõģֿԣħѪ˵
ѦϲлħŮˣѦǣ
ħֵİ˱㳷һˣ˾Ѧ죬ƯڿУֻغϡ
巽ҲƳˡ
٣ξͰˡҷ棬ĿһȥҲʮĸϡ
ԷݣƺΪ٣ҲٵݾԲ򵥡
ΪӢʵǷ׶ӣ
˶Ϊͷÿնȡͻƾͷ׶ΣȻķɫڰǰͺģӢǷʮǰҵһŮӵĺӣǷصĶ֮һҲȡδٳɾͰͷġ
Ҷչˣǳλ֣ս¾ǳλֶܹɨġ
˷ģӢԲʧġӢȻ⣬ܻˣѳԴκ˶𾴣ڷң֧ΪηҼռݴġ
緽ʮ˳档
ںؽǹָ£ʮһ˱㰴һķλվȻؽǹ˫һӣɫǣʥ·
緢һжлע֮¡
֮ˣΪɫΧһڵϢѾлں
ԴˣлҲﵽһǷĵزȻлӦı仯һźֱ۵ı仯Ǿۡ
֮ǰлΪۿѾԲصıĸַˣ۲鿴Щͨ켶ֶӦҲ˵Ժ𽥵ˣǾͷͰͷ߽Բֵܷġ
оǰ׵ķΧֱ׵ĵز
ڣһо۵ס
κ˿лĹ۲⡣
һǣл֣ڵرУвʩչ߼磬̸ȴˣȻҲͨ켶ʩչ޷̽ġ
ۿ
лĬ
ֻ΢ķһ̾͸оǱģϾۺġ
ô˽лһ̤ɫ׺С
һУɫ׺㶯Ȼǽɫ磬олڵİ֮ס
߷·ĳϵ
лǣһߵ׽ɫȻûб֮֮ںϡ
˵׵һ߾ǱϾ̫֮ͺñһˮһͰˮһģǱˮǴһˮдģҲֻһˮѣ޷һͰˮȡ
л״Ŵ߶֮֮ϵ
һ׹֣һ߽ɫϣȴûбϿɣĽɫʥӴ̾ð֮׿ʼȡʥ׾
ΣлҲǿҲ֪Լаɡ
˻νϱء
лĳһʼս˽ڷͣҲǰСʱңһǺبǰľ谭ͱɵͻˣһл۷徳硣


1925  ͷ
Ҳ̫˰ɣлĵ
Сʱλ۷徳磬˾ɵǽӽˣɵشﵽҲʾɫ׺һıء
лȵȷ
û鿴һ£ҲȷӰɫתΪɫˣڼ䣬лԾûиоɫ仯ʲôĸолţõĽһԷаģϾ۵ȫ۰ܹͨۿԿɫ仯İڡ
ͻƣлϲ֮Ҳ˻ᾡܵʵ
Ŀǰ״һ£볤λпܵģ˴ȵǿջ
лҪ
ţ
ҪлͿ֮ײԸһ߾ĽɫҵĲ¡
ŽɫĲɫ׺ҵĲľˡ
л֮Ҳһ
ѦӢ¸ˣƵȸѾǽɫŻǰһɫǴԽ
УҪѰŽɫ׺ǷʲôĶȻĻЩֽĻʮһλɫĶְ۷徳磬ɱʮһֵĻԿ⣬ҺؽǹܹǽѵͲ֣ܲǸ櫣Ůûе;Բ򵥣϶ԼĴ㣬ҲҪͷ䰵۲šлһ뵽Σա
ϣͣ
н˵صıӶһգʱߣҲ
л㽫Žɫ׺·ӳȥΪ˶ԵرĹעԭǽɫ׺̫ǿңлҪһӿɫ׺·Ҳô򵥵ġ
оۿʼչ
Ǳ׵ʱһ洫Ӳлˡ
л۱չֹͣˡ
ˣ
ʱ֮Ȼһ
ɫ׺ˣȻͷ׵ˣ·Ҳܵǣ
ˢˢˢ
֮ƺ̼ܵһ㣬Ҫлȥţͷųһٶϸ˿ĵ⣬˷ɢȥ
ͬצĵһֱûɫ׺·
Ļɫ׺׵羫ʼ֮׾ȡţˣ֮ҲûʲôԵı仯
ҪӰ֮״ﵽֲ׵زһģܿܰ궼δܹģֻҪȥлţһܹɹģ˵֮׾һ㣬Ҳһǳ˵ĽϾ֮ױ̫ǿˣһɱͷ
а֮״ǰվлɵı㽫չˡ
·һжֳ
лͿµĵطȻȫʥ׵ľЩ׵羫ϵɫ紹ֱµĴԼǧλþۼȥġ
͸ۣлܹǺȻһˡ
·ûκεĺлۿ͸壬Ϳ˾Ȼûκε࣬һ
ôлˣ֣˵پȻҲǺģģϸĻ۾͵ĺۼƺڻĳͣһж׵羫Եʡ
л㽫˴ͷţĲ
˷飬лԺȻĳһͷ
ħ忴һЩϡŹֵĹżмصģΪħǱżıעǣпʱģл㷭ĹкȻἰ褣ħһЩ¼
оһħġ
˸ǡͷܣ
ƿܣٶǰĵħǷǳʢеģ˵ʱĵħһܼ壬Ǹ˸սƽƽƳĿȴͨ켶ĿֲǿߣǸʱλܸߵġ
ܼ˵ԭ巢һƾͷܵķӣǰǾоͷѪͷ徫Ǿ߱˻Ϊ˿ܼѪżѰңҵˣȴҲɱ֮
Ǳżмصľͷܲϸ˵һЩŹֵһ޶
ͷܣͷܣлĲ
һҪЦĸо
ħħȻ˾ͷܣͷȫĻôսᳬԽħΪӵеǴɾʥ߷˾ųɵþͷġ
ҳɹľͷܣҲһ˼άʶģǾػħ磬ħѪ
ͷܷûг͡
ֻҪûгУǾͷܱûκε˼ʶͿԽƣԼƿصĿܡ
ӵоͷܣǺε
û͵ľͷһЩȫܹ;ͷһ°ɣ˵ĻлȻǾ߱˽
ͬģӵоͷܵʥӵоͷ˻֮󣬽Ѿһֻ̤ͷϹʥʥȻк͸һˡ
ҵˣлžͷܣ
ӶͷܣʧȥĻᣬϾ˴Ҳֻʱ⣬±Ƚϣɵ϶֪ͷܸӵҪΪ˵侳綼ǿԽܵģοֻʧȥһοĻء
򶨣򶨣
лŬԼƽ
ǴľлҲԱֲܵӰ졣
ӣлȶľ
ʼٵĽĶǱżھͷܵ»һ飬ÿһֶġ
ֻ䡣
ħҵĸ尡лЦ
ͨħ壬֪̫أǵͷ֪ܣħ겻ռĶ󣬱żħʮǰһλ˽ռһЩ¼ģЩӦ֮ġ
лǽɫ硣
ͷܳͣҪ꣬ͬһ꣬ǾľܣҲˣܼΪںϵԭ˵ǿܣҲǿܣȴǿܵļ߾硣лĵͷܵ꣬ǽɫ磡
Խɫ磬Ҳ׵һ߾Ϊ꣬ںǧ񱦣׵羫꣬ɾ;ͷܡ
ɫ޷֮ɣԭ
ܹõɫ磬Ȼ԰֮׵ŷǳİڽɫΪͷܵſԡ
лһҪͷܣЩѶȣϾû˼ʶ֮ȣҲʵ̫һЩбǿ֮Ҫ䷢սҲһ⡣
ͬ꣬Խͷı̶̼ˣֻܰͰͨʩչҪо۵İоǰ֮׵Ӧá
֮ǰлΪ߶ĹȥͷʩչҲȻܵһӰ졣
лͷܵôӰ졣
ҪܵĲҪ̫ࡣ
лɫ꣬ٿڳεľͷܣһ󵨵뷨ͷ


1926  ȺӢ
󵨵뷨ðлٶȼ뷨ܴ󵨣ҲǸǹżмصĴԼһЩԿܼ˵ļ˵ļԷչģܷɹڻδ֪
ɹһнԺá
ʧܣΣգȻʲ̫󣬱Ͼ֮׵纣лܹҵҲ̫ˡ
һ°ɣɹˣҿɺˣлһǾ󵨵һ¡
ǽɫ;ͷܵм
λãܹоһ˿˿΢׵羫ӽɫﻺ͸ͷڡ
ƽľ
л΢գνѦӢ˶ʱȴˣȻҪҪȫԸǷģȻʧܵģҪƾͷܣͨĶлҲڴɹ֮ǰЩ˲Ҫƻĺá
ʼԼйͨ
ģԭ㾳磬磬л겻ͬ꣬ǰﵽͨ켶ĸֲܾ߱ʶлûжٰ֮ǰҪŹͨһ¡
͸۵ĸӦ΢΢Ĳ
Ҳһ˿Ĳ
лϵؼǿŬΪѳһ꣬ЩҪĵȥ
ŬɫŻͬŬ
ѦӢ˶Ѿ׼ȴһ˲䣬ؽǹȫĵĲٿ֮ĵ
һжɵĽС
˶ڹעš
ÿ˶ĵĵȴţȴ֪ħظ߿գ׵еĲԶһƵĺ󷽣ͷǰһС
ͷһĨĹ˸ţȥ·ﶼˣ촽ϵһζε֮ϸɫαһγһĹ⻷
ž
ǹ⻷֮顣
ͷƶѼ˿ڣѪֱ
Ȼˡͷ򷢳˷ܵЦǼħħһŬȫٴ۷ˣĿ櫵ϣСŮ˵ͦģϧҲֹǰĲ
ΪУֵһᣬ櫵ĻȴǳҲҪģûô
Ϊ櫵Уһ̣Ǿͷ
ȥ磬ʥӰ죬ͷչֳͨ櫸о˿־壬ǾͷҲû˿־ģţδȻΪͷģβͬĿ־塣
ûȥ
վĴħ
Ĵħĸ֣ʮͨ켶λĸֶѾ櫵֮£ȫԼܵѰͷټȴûзκ顣
Ѱͷ֮࣬櫵ĿҲʱɨһĺؽǹδľͷͬ׽͸ĸо
ƽĵرȻǰӿ
ɫ׺лһСʱʱ䣬ڽһߣǽɫںϡ
лĿġ
ɫǾͷܵ꣬Լһ꣬ôȻԿƾͷΪԼãΪԼĿˡ
취νǵ֮ǻˣ붼룬ܵģ껹δɫͿܳġ
л꣬˵ˣǽɫЯϢںɵģҲ˵һ˿΢ϵʶл󵨵һӦÿɫںϵġ
ڴţĵĿУһȻһڹǽɫ硣
ž
ڹɫ磬ʹýɫ緢һ΢ĲĽɫ׺ҵĶˡ
ˢ
ţлƺܵĳӰ죬Ȼų貵Ľ⣬˫Ŀ˽Ӳӵģǿ쭳ȥʮ׵ķΧڣһж۵ףԼԼԶһЩͼֵ롣
Ҳôһ˲Ĺ
֮ƽˡ
ٶȻָ׵ķΧлҲоһȻɫȫһ𣬳Ϊһ塣
ͨһٿһɫ硣
Ϳɫ΢΢ĲȻܱлԶȥ԰лƮһףҲһ׶ѣϾʵ̫̫ˡ
ɹˣ
лǿѹżֻҪܹͽɫںϣôƾͷܼǰ϶顣
ýɫͷںϡ
ɲþͷн׵״̬ĻҲ֪ҪѶأлɵȲ𣬾ڵľͷһЩҲǿлҪ
һлʼٿذ֮ͷųЩ⣬ʮܱлǿƣǽɫΧѹŽɫ½ͬʱƽɫڵһ꣬½
˫£ɫ㻺³
ǧ׾룬ҲҪʱġ
ɫһ³ǾͷƺҲܵӰ죬Ȼڻ֮ɽɫ׺ٶԽԽˡ
ǧ׾룬Сʱ֮ס
𽥵Сﵽףʮףʮףʮףʮס
䡭
˫ֻʮҵʱ򣬶Ȼ䴫һ춯
ǽɫŻڱؽǹˣܹͽɫʥ׿⣬ͨطȡɵһ
ಡ
׼ʱѦӢ¸˵ȵȷ׷׵ĻһⶴǽɫŻ˵ء
ɫ׺
Ȼǽɫ׺׵ģ֮ãǿճΪͷ
ĺûᰡ
һЩ˶˾
ΨѦӢʹɫ
Ѧ˰벽ͬħĸǰ벽γһȦѦ
Ѧһƨڽɫ׺ϷȻϵ
ģʹĸ֣ҲǺ˰벽ֱվѩ׵˸ɫĹΣ΢գκεϵ
Ӣ۽ɨһۣһ˿Ц⣬һ֣λлҺܿ׺·ѰȥնɱΣ
ԣֻЩ˼̫ϲıƣҵȥ⵽ǵ͵Ϯ׼ҵһĵ
׼Ҹ֣ӣȻ˼ȻŰлٿ԰иЩ˳Ȱɡ
׼˾ŰɡӢλǲȥҾȥ̽̽·ˡ
һ֣ϸһĨ貵ĹâţһΣһ㣬ֱûɫ׺ڡ
ɫ׺Ҳȫʥף෴ʥϡ٣֮ױȽ϶ࡣ
Ӣü֮ײ䷢á
ڳ֮˼״˴˿һۣʮûС
ǿɲرߣһ
׼һۣҲûɫ׺ǲȥҵطûȥˣõİ취ǲ֡
ɫ׺ϷҲֻѦʹ֣˶Ѿûɫ׺ڲ


1927  ս
ɫ׺ӴޱߣҪѰлҲô򵥵飬˵ǴҲΪЩ˶ѡľӢŷḻľ飬ױ㷢֣ĵشʥ׻лܵλãֻҪȥҲô׵ġ
ӢΪ׵ˣͨյطؿ
۴ڣлȻܹǵģҲֳֻܱýɫ;ͷںϲǹؼ
ںϣʲô쳣Ҳǲȷġ
лŬĿŽɫ½
ͷҲʼٵҪɫںϣʮ׵ľҲ̵ңʱлɵķ֣ͷܵٿʼ
ͷܻûдﵽ͵ĵز
ûأҲܲǳģɫ翿ٱ𲽵ϴ
һ˫۾΢ţδſ
Ǳӣͣ䣬ͷ
ʹͷȥǾһˣֻлǳ࣬ôôŤֹѡ
ôôϤأлžͷܵӣǺϤƫƫ벻˭
һԿ϶ħ
ɫ𲽿
ͷܵ˫ۣ˫ȣֽҲ׷׵ֳ͸۹۲⣬ʼǿнףȫɹҲǿľͷܡ
ԭȥԽ׶ߵľͷѸٵ̡
ﵽһװ˶ӡ
ɫֻ֮ʮ׵ʱͷֹܱͣ˱仯лĽǰ
ɣ
ֱʱлΪʲôͷܿôϤǸӡ
ǰľͷܷ·һģ̳ġ
ҿϿ¿Ҳһ
һãлͷһеİڡ
Щ˷ܡ
һܹӰͷܵôǷζţԿƾͷأ
лæǽɫͷܵüĴ£ȥ
ˡ
ͬ㣬ǾͷܵĸȻ˾졣
춯֮£ʱӢ˵ע⣬Ѹٵ￿£ǻǼɵʥģǿȴ֣ͽԭʥ׵ľлİ֮׸ȡˣûжˡ
ˢ
ɫûͷڡ
һĨӲӵĹâüļɢ͸壬־ͷȫǾͷܽȫɱ䡣
лҲΪһС
ʹл岻ж磬һأͷܹһģֻܾؿš
ಣ
ٶıǷӢ
ΪˣӰٿյķǳ̣ǾзѪĵڶѪȻ°빦ġ
˼лҷӢˣ
Ӣһɫĵ⣬ɫ׺дţٶ֮죬ԶԶ
ĸ˭֪лһ񵶣ӿܽɫ׺رˣȻǶҪնɱл̶Ŀռָˣһٶȷӵޡ
ƾȫǰԾɱӢʮ׵ľ롣
лƽͣȻѾˣǾսɣûʲô˵ġ
վֵƿԼһ꣬ӦɫתΪͷܵꡣ
˼ˣǿܶӰͷܵɱ䣬Ҳû취Ͼȱ֤Լǹؼ
СӿӢӽʱ򣬷лûڲٿһûĿܣɵòȻŭ
ӢЩΪԼߵˣ𾴣Ϊ֪Щ˽ԼΪμ֧ߣҪǣǳЩˣӢԴ˿ǿĺܣҲǸʱ
ŭ֮£Ӣһ˳ȥ

ǽɫ׵Ѹٵıҷֿ¶һ޴ͨһɿֱлȥ
ǷȻǼ֮磬Ǵɾļ֮硣
ƾӢܹ⼫֮ӳԽնɱλĸˡ
۹۲֮£лһж۵ס
Ӣڵر棬㱻лעģһֱǱɱľȻҪնɱӶеĶ

лƲƲ죬һץ

ԸȻɵаĴڣɵؽȡؼǣһȡȥƿԵʧȥµģҲޱˡ
ӢлһЦѡ
⼫֮Ƿģճ̬ɵļ֮λľ磬ɵӲҪ˵Ƿƫֽţܹӳɵɱλֵġ
޴ƾճ֣֮£һ½Ǽ֮ץסˡ
лҲսˡ
ž
Էˣл൱ķУԽʹ˺Ϊԣƻļƻ֮ǡ
һ֣ǻԵĴ
֮£Ǽ֮統ɢ׵
ӢҲ̸Ӧһҵļ֮磡
Ѿо֮Ĵڡ
ŭķӢóһѷĳҪ֡
ͷɱ䣬ֻһֳֻǲ׻лȻץסһлģץ鼫֮һ̣лҲ񵶡
ƶն
лһնȥ
ֱӽӢ˴ʹһ󵹷ɳȥٶס
Ӣ򵥰ȫȻûнˡлԾڿλ磬ȫʮභսټƶննɱһλĸˣȻֻӢһ˶ѡ
һ˷ӢҲʱϹˡ
ɱ
ҵˣ
ҵĲŶԣ
Щ˸ǵбصĶҲǽĺܣ֮ǿһţ·лѾնɱˡ
л۾ĵѰ·
ʮ֣ˣͳͳͷųԵһʱʮɫϡﻩлȥ
ֳǿ֮
лһ˿Цһ֮ӿʶڣҺ̬ʮʹâĻ׶ѸٵĻü֮ϡ
籩
˶ĸ֣лȻҪóǿĹӦˡ
ݣ
üļһ㱬һʮʻĹȦлΪģʰԲΣɢȥȥ
ͬһʱ䣬л񵶿ٵĻӶĵӰȥ
ΨҶ
Ŷľƣһǰ޵еİԵƣ˶Ⱥеųն߱ںϣȻǳֶ෽λĺ
籩һйǽǰ˸ֱӸϣǾͬޱȵ񵶣ܹնһС
һӱˣʮһֲɵþæֵֿ
䡭
ȫ֮£Ǿ籩ڱ
ɽΨҶµ쵶Ӱǵص
ء
һ춯ص
裬Ѫˮ罦ɫ׹Хǳĺ䶯
ǻҽȴʮֺ˾Ȼһնɱģֻм˲ưˡ
ȶһ˲䣬лֽ˳ȥ
޶
лյϹ󶷼֮һзǷ֮
񵶣
񵶣
ʮһ̱˹ȥ
лĲЦˣǳ¸˺Ƶл˼оĺ͸֪ǿɲһַǳµĶᴴģµĽǹ΢һЩ
ˢˢ
һʹ˺һħٶ죬ȥץա
лһٿ񵶣Ҫû֣֣ʹ˺ͷħ־Ȼб˴˳ֹԷֶֹȡ񵶡
Ѱ·лЦѣһץȻһߣٶȼӿǰӹ
ۣۣ
˵ĺնϡ
źҪҽжûɫ׵˸ûǣ顣
֣¸ζȻڡ
ˣ壬ħ壬ħ壬ħ壬ħĸֱͻȻһˣ¸˼û֡
ݣݣݣ
˳ԽǳԾˣлԴһֱϮɱлȥȻһ񵶡


1928  
¸˺ƵıлҲʶǶԼϤ̶ȵȷѾ˷ǳɹ۵ĵزԼйǳоŻǵԼɱ¾Զ޶ϾʹѾܶˡ
лĵ
ıǰƽЩ䵭ȫ˰ʱֵַƺһж֮С
ץţʱлٳ¸ֵע£ɿơ
лϹŵ΢Ц
һĨеػֳ

ȫػ⣬γһҵĲػҲѺۣûܣȻ޷˵лġ
ʧȥƵ񵶱лԼʮ׵ĵطյš
¸Ѹ˹ȥ
ǽҪƵһ˲䣬лһһץȻع飬У˸ա

ͬʱ
¸ɫ΢䣬ȵС󣬾
ӦѸ٣ȻϴȥͬʱתΡ
л˼һʱֶΣܹͨ񵶿ĵɱеֶΡ
ݡ
Ǳɱֵıŷ
ۣۣۣۣۣ
ǹ¸ֵģǰԾԽֵġ
֪ϻĶ֪лҲ֪лߴͷʧʮ֮һǶǽģǿԶлкӵġ
ЩоҲ֪ʲô籩ĶĿռ侲ֹ֮ģЩлʹõֶΣ֪
лҪֳ䲻ɱС
ȫǺ󱳱ǰ¶ġ
ʮһǰ׼ر֣ʹһֺѦû֣ʣµʮߴ̳֣ǷӢķȥʣµҲֻг¸ˣƵ
𣡡
ŭϷ
Ӣɱڵɱˣ񽣣ҵĶţ˫Ŀ˸űĺâл
λһսӢ
¸΢һͷ
Ҳ׷¡
Ĵָվסһ䣬ĶлǶóҲһɫĻ档
лȻĿǣ΢΢һ¡
ǾͷܵƤҲһ£Դ˾ͷѾɱϣлʱҲ֪ôӾͷܵվԭزȻŷŵģ
һ߿ܣǽɫ׺ɵģǣлֻһֻսӢ˵һ֣Һǣ֣λӦÿԽһɱɡ
û⣡¸ŵĵ
ƵЦֻҪǣƣҾܽɱ
Ӣһңָлȵɱ
ɱȥĿֱָл֡
˻
Ҳһ˻ɫĻҲһűȥ
һһ̶ֶȵ֡
¸ƵҲ̴ɱȥ
лһϾ֮ɫ
Ϊͷܶ޷ĻȷǳϾǷӢûй԰ֳ֮Ѱ졣
ѾӰˡ
ϾɫҪԻЩˡ
˹˲Ϣ
лϵתΪһĨõЦݣϵˣһӣǾͷܱռָ
δ䣬лȻȥ
֮ŭ
˵һһɫ׵綼ҵ׺ݵĳײȥٶǳ¸Ƶܱȵģ˻δӦлѾ߷ӹȥ
䣡䣡
Ӣ˵ĹֱӾͱлײ顣
תţγɾ޴ת
ӢӦ죬͵һͬʱ񽣵ֵǿҲײ棬ֲһײץס񽣣һѪôģôɻȥˡ
㿪Ŀ죬˾ûôˣֱӱлײϡ
У˱㱻նˣɫëڽɫ׺ţлһ·쭹ȥ
ˣ
¸ͷ𣬼ٵϷȥ
⣡
лıչʮ׵ĳ澡׵ͼƣһչЩɫѸٵı۹ȥ
׵ġ
ɼ٣ͬľе׵Ҳйͷͨףڴ˵ص׵ǶǼ֮ףǴɾģ̾˾޴ı仯
ɫĵܿ䡣
գۼ䣬˵ɫġ
лܹӦ̺ŵĿֲϾͼҲźǿһ̶ȵķӳɫ֮׵
Ƶ磡
ٶȼ޵ıлȶʱʹлһ⣬ɲǼ͵˳¸ƵĽǰ
Ľɫ׵ҲȻȥ
׹һ±㽫˸
ҲûʹõĺȻϵĶױ
֣Ϳ汬Ľɫ羹ȻԶĸ棬Χļ֮ҲܵӰķ׷׵Ļȥʹһ˷Ƿ֮ͬ׺Ȼն¡
¸Ƶ˾һͬʱֵֵ
꣡꣡
ǵĵ񵶵ʱ㱻ն飬ǿ׵飬񵶵ǵǰӹǵķǰع֣׵֮棬˲ҽжû׵ΪС
𶯣ɫ׺ڲ
лӦ׵ѾȫתΪ֮ףǼ𲻵͵ļ֮ףֱϷ
ڰ֮Žɫ׺ڵľٶѾ౶ȻѾûʲôֵɵˡ
֮׽ֹͣɣɫ׺ʼһУķֲ棬֮࣬ÿһ˴˶ܽģֻףƫƫ˴˲Ӵġ
˱仯Ҳʹûŵļ˶Щ㵡
лҲЩȣҪĻǽѦӢʹָɵǹؼ
ϣɫ׺Ϸ
װʲôЩְӢŭȵ
ʹֺѦδţ
Ƕһֻ̤㳤λɫ׺ͼͻƾ硣лĵһǰѾȺͻƣڼװͻƣλû𣿡
ƽ˵ʵ
֮£ùлĹ۲졣
Ѧ۾һЦȻлѾ֪ˣҲˡվһǿ̱Ȼǳλɫ꼶
ʹҲЦеƯ
ֳƷվлңң
л񵶣ˣֻһɱһˣ


1929  ׵
ֻһɱһˣ
̶̾Ÿ֣ʮ㣬ǳһɿıԣлıԣΪõͷ֮ı֣ͷų֮ѹֵ˷֮飬Ψһսй
ңָ񷣬лĿǰĿȻͬʵʣǹһĨаȵЦ⣬ҷ޷Զ˵Ľɫ׺ǳгĸ
л̫ˣѦĵ
лѦţȶ֡
ţ͸һӵš
ã
Ѧ̤
Ѧ֣ͽøҰɡʹֳ˭ܹնɱл˭ͿԻлеһУٴηѦ˶ǸոͻƵģ˭Ҳκβ˭
㡣Ѧ˫ֵ
ʹֱһлǳλƱȻѹǧ֮ڣǷӢһϢĸо
һ̤һ߶ȣʮʹֵҲﵽ۷壬ͬһɽѹȶѩ׵ȶ·ɫ׵ɽΧš
óһѷ񽣣ʹֱȻٵȶ
ˢ
ʹȻȥ
ٶȻóģһЩɽĽɫ׵緢ĺöĽɫ׺Ҳҵķ
һ
л֣ǰ̤һ񵶾𣬶ʹֱӶȥ
޶+ƶն
ں߼ƶնΪһ壬ǿĹ
һʮ׳ľ޴󵶹ƾճ֣ңЯѸɽȻն¡
ۣ
ӹ·ûκ谭Կûʹֱ㱻һնΪΡ
ǿǿȴǸոͻƵģδȹ̾磬Ҳ˵߼ƶնںϣǺεлʩչһƶնǿֹ߱ǿ޶ĵط
һɱʹ֡
յлѦͷӢֵˣ˭
Ż̬Ѧɫˡ
ӢлĿһαл׺¸ȥģﻹе԰л
ҪӢսģѦһӢǾµ̷̬ӣԼ뱻
Ѧ
лһ̣Ծһ
ûиѦĻᣬһնȥ
޶Ϊ߼Ǽױ
ױ׵ı֣л˷ʩչûн֮Χŵϸ˿ʥɫ̫⣬ɫ׺еļ֮ףˣӳҲ൱Ŀ¡
ɫ׺лȫһҲˣԾɱֲ֮׵ܵǣһ׷׵ĳлͷϷһа׳Ľɫצĳײȥ
Ѧû뵽лһоȻ
֮ɱ
ɫ׺ǿֲ
ȴ֪л֣ûγֻ߼ǼױһҪ׵࣬Ż˱ֵġ
ħ߱죡
Ѧһŷ߶Ľ½ɫ׵ܱȥһֱӽδзķӢС
Ӣɫ׵ۣҽŵɫ׺
Ѧһ޴Ӱ
Ѧ˰벽徹ȻǾ޴õӰУҲòʵ
ӴӰһͷ˫ţı۵ĹıҡΣ绯һѰѵķ絶罣ܼķȥ
žžž
¡
ɫ׵۵ӹȥЩ絶罣飬񵶵նһ׵ֱײУ㽫Щ絶罣ˡ
׷ײǾ޴Ӱ
ˢ
ڴеıըδ
ǽɫ׵͵Զںһһ±㽫õĹеѦˡ
һаѦټ
ôĨɱˡ
ױлͷŽɫ׺һ˿Ц⣬⶷ǰ
׵ܼĵطȻ˰չֳ
лȥѰҷӢټͷַӢȻɫ׺иֳеһ档
׵ڣηӢƴĵֿ޼£գۼͱɣҲûʣ¡
Դ˳ȴѾ˼׼Ҹ֣˾ɱ
¡¡
ɫŻ⴫ĺ
л֮ڣͿѦ˽ɫٶȳ֣ȻǾǺؽǹڶ֡
ؽǹھͲһͻƽͷľ磬Ҿ֮ģֶȻĺܣ˵֪Ľлֹ
·Ľɫ׺Щнػһֵţʹýɫ׺渡š
лһ˿ЦؽǹҾɺǹ
һɫ׺ڡ
ⱾͲĽɫ׺ҵĲͬʱܵİ֮׻ʮҲ׷׵ĳļ֮ӿһ߶һ㹻Ҳһ״ϸĽɫ
ߣ
лսӿǰһԽҲһһ״ϸĽɫڿлһߣȻͶǽɫŻ
Сɫ׵磬ȥֻһ״ϸл֮׵һļ֮ȫģںϵĶʮּ֮׵ܹȽ׵ļ֮׻Ҫǿܶ౶ͼʥҲѷɫٵġ
˽ɫ׵һ±ײػɫŻǴɾʥףںϣһɿֲɫŻ
ɫ̱١
ؽǹѪ󵹷ɳȥһǧף㵱
ǽɫ׵Ҳûоʹɢһɳ죬ɱǳӣһӱ㽫ڳΧνʮɱˡ
ˣ
ʮͨ켶λּ󵹷ɳȥ
ǱԱɵʱ򷢻Ҫãжû׵ķɡ
ɫ׵ֱ߿ճȥ
Ǹ߿֮׵У׵۶ɵģȥͬĩһ㣬һɫĵ£ϼ⣬Ʋϣнӿֵģǽɫ׵Žɫĵֱӳ׵ġ
֮˾͸о֮Ϸ·
Щͬ㡣
һǵǿҲʥµģ·ʱȴûɢؼ䣻һصǶΪԵġ
꣬Ǻʶģħ綼ӿ׷׵Ľ׵еĵش
׵壡
Ҫɾ׵壬ЩǵħϵֵƬ
һʱ䣬ħˡ
˶ŵؿŸ߿֮ۡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ׵ͣǿܹõߣɳɾ;ͷİ
Ե˶ˡ


1930  ׺
׵۶ɡ
еԸֶЩΪͽ׵ĸֶĶˣ׷׵߿գضǾ޴׵С
׼Һ͵ħħȫ
ǶԵģעл׵壬뵽׵彫ɾ;ͷ֮֮ϵ˭ġ
һȻҲл۹۲졣
֮ϲ𣿡лĿ׵ϵشӽɫ׺ţϵ׵йͨš
ɫŻѾ״򿪡
ʧȥκε谭Ҳ˵һ׵ͣκ˶Ľɫ׺ڵġ
˵л൱Σ֮Уǰ뿪С
ֻǱɫ׵赲ȥ·
Ҳð֮һȥǢ֮һҲע޷ǰ뿪˵ء
оǽɫ׺׵Ȼڲϵؼ٣ϾǷǳģٱ仯ΨһĽɫѾóһţǱ˴ϵ
󣬵Щȫϵתһ󷨣á
˵¶лǳı
ƫƫֻܸɵۡ
ˣҲܣزҸ޷ֿʱٶȽ֮ףܲҲ޷֤ɵţɡлܿ㰲
ڽɫ׵м俪ʼ
֪ĵħľˣȴ޷лɣƺŸǣˡ
лģɫ׺
˫Ÿոմ㱻һ
ɫ׺Ȼų⡣
ǰ֮׵ҲڻջһĹߣɲʲôˣɫ׺гΪ֮һж˾ޱ䡣
лԴҲһ
˲õԤУתҪɫ׺ȥ
˵һһ߼ʵ׺֪ħħ׻˶ռ׺˽ɫ׺Χɫ׺лҪɫ׺
ŵĿռС磬׺
Ψɫ׺ûʲôУȻܵǣ
ոж·һĽɫ׵綸Ȼɫ׵һӱ㳶סлĽ󣬽ĲܻԽ׵ķΧ
лþð֮׵Ҳܵ˷ǳơ
ƺ̺ĳ
ħɽħʥһĴڣħɽͬ˼һĵطŵĿռ䣬ǿٳĿռС磬оиħͷһ𱻷ӡİǰĸ֣Լչ׳
ʱ˿̵ħɽϷܲķɳʯХ
ش˵ص巽İͷѾоĶȴҿΪħɽûܲڣȻǾħɽڵͷֵ
ʱΧ˵ص巽ĸֱ㿴ܲڷĽ⣬Ȼһɫ磬Ҳϵࡣ
һУлȻ֪飬ֻǡǡħͷչֵĽ
Եɺܼ򵥣˽ɫ׺ãһͷܣǺӡħɽĽ
׵γҪȡ׵֮׵羫ʹýɫ׺轵ħɽͷѾѪǿҵɫ׺ѽʮĹ򣬽ɫ׺µ󷨣ȻǿһУȴܹӦ仯ųлΪܹ͸γɵ󷨸олڵİ֮׿ֲȻ뿪ˡ
˼飬л벻Ҳ벻ͨ
ܹΣ˵ˣΪħɽͷ֮һħϵǷŻ뵽ɫ׺ħɽƵģҲ˲Żлʮʱ䲼ֵģֻϧлƻˡ
ѣлһЦ޼ˡ
ƺֻܱĵȴı仯
׵Ҫʱġ
ʱţɫ׺ҲڷٵУѾ½˽һ׵ľ룬ǲûɫ׺ȥǽɫ׺Χɫ׺һ׵ľ롣
ڵرϷ˶׼
㲻ԵĸҲֻᣬ˵õ׵ԸıԵģھ޴ջ֮£ֿܽ˶ᱻ뵽ġ
׵Χ׵Ѹٵķȥ
֪׵弴͡
е׵ڣ¿֮ؼҲʧĲˣ⣬ƣͳͳʧ
֮ϣĸһɫĵ⡣
ˢ
ʱͷͻأĴӿռָڷɳüļһ֣ǻΪͷܵĽɫ羹ȻһûǽеĽɫ׵ڡ
Ҫ֪ɫڿлһꡣ
ȻһлҲϵȥˣȻлбе
׵ϵƬ۶ɵ׵һƴСĽɫ⣬ȴɫĵתš
һ˿һ߽ɫ֮׵ĵɱ˴ɫġ
׵Ҫһ߾ʱû׳֣һ߾أô͵׵Ȼ٣Я׵ĵҪѷɫ̫ˡлƾԼĸоȥ֪һ£Ȼֻɾʥ
ЩϲǣлȻܹ
˵ɾʥףǼ֮ףлڵľ綼ԷӳټģȻӵЩ˼顣
лһͷˣ׵ɫǾͷܵ꣬һ߾ɫģҲ˵ɫĸһ߽ɫҵһ˿΢꣬ɵȻء
뵽лͷֻץĽɫ׵ƣһɫ̴ڷ
еҲ֮ʧ
еĽɫ׵Ҳ߽֮
ɫлĿ֮£Ѹٵķء
أ
ɫոսӽڵĳӣлͿǽɫ׺ڵתȻ۳һΪֲĽɫ׵ֱӽ档
л۾ˡ
󷨵ô£ôΪĲٿһ
ʵˣȴǲ֪ģٿصңԶħɽڵͷʩΪЧΪͷĵĸǾˡ
׵壬
ҵ׵壬Ҫ
尡˭׵壬˭пܳɾ;ͷˡ
ȫˡ
ɾ;ͷջǰû˲Ķ
ЩΪͨ켶λĸ֣Ǿڵĳ˸޷
ಣ
ıʹ塢Һͷħĸ֡
Ƕóٶȵġ
ȥлŭˣױŭˣ޷棬ŭɷйЩɫ֮˵ϣ̵ɫһӱײǷħͨ켶λĸ֡
ħּ״ϲץȥ
лĿɫ׵һӱֲ
ž
Уɫڷħͨ켶λֵС
ˢ
ħָոץסɫ㱬ɾʥװǸոճͣȫ濪׶Σʲôɱͷ
һӣɫ㽫ħͨ켶λָˡ
˾ڰ֮ڵĸǰС


1931  سɾͰͷ
лЩ˳ԾĻᣬɫתһײһħͨ켶λֵϡ
Ҳˡ
ɫ羭ĵطԱ𣬸ֿ
ɫ
ˢˢˢ
գۼ䣬ҷͬͨ켶λ֣帥׵ŵԵλһλħλͨ켶λҲɫɱ
ɱӽͷĸ֣¶֮ɫ
ﻹҳᣬ׷׵ĺˣ±ɫ
ˡ
ڶ
˷Ӵܣһ˸ҿ
л״ɴർɫȥˣĿǷңҪǷξʹؽǹˡ
ɫٶޱȣˢһ±˹ȥ
ٶȹ죬ķٶĺܣһӾͱɫ紳ҸȺС
žһ춯У˶Ȼ֣ҸһٶƾʧǳױĨɱģоͨ켶λ֡
漴ɫ׷ŷɱȥ
ٵӴܣҲɵһӱ㴳Ķ巽档
쵰帥׵ŵҲˡ
˫ìܣڼɫȥȻ弸ˡ
лϵɫ
䣡
׹â˸УٶĶֱĨɱĶ帥׵ŵ׷ˣȥɫ磬ȴɱ
ҵìܸԻ˰ɡлЦ
ɫһ±ʹ֣ʹųǿܻһЩȻǺõġ
¡¡ɱжʹĻ
ħصﻹҴţ׷׵ӴܣԶȥԶԶ룬š
ٿصĲֺл۽ҲƳɫ׺ı仯ˡ
ԭЩɫɽģڽɫ׺ƽͬһ澵ӣЩŶ˴ڻת
󷨵طӳ
ԭеҲת䣬һ󷨡
󷨣лȷ󷨵á
ȫ͵һδ֪ĵط
ɫ绹Ű
һ뿪ôɫҲĵ˱˵õ׵ʱˣеٶȣƬ̾ͻὫ䴫ߡ
лٵ͸۲鿴
һ۾׼ҵ
ȻԼˣȻϣ׵͸ˣڵľ磬ܹܿΪͷء
ٿɫȻתһӱٵĽǰ

ҲһǻԵĴûн׼ҷΧڣȻɫ翿ʱŵһӳȥס
лһ
ɲҪɱ˵ģ衣
ɫȻˣͨһӰɫһ߽ɫľѾûɢ
лֻü׷ȥ
ɫԼͷֱð亹ٵӴܡ
ٶҲޱȣһգ۱ֱ߿ռǧ׵ĵطɫҲϾʥ׵
һ׷һӣڿתȦ
֮ɫ׺еԽԽлǱľҪͳȥ
ǰңлֻ͸һ귢һ˿΢
ǲܵһһ㶡
նɱϵʱ׶лҶ֮лĹԼ̡
һ֮䣬ɫˢһ±ϡ
ͬʱɫ׺һл˳ȥ
Ҳ뿪ħء
ɫŵһ飬Ҫ㿪Ѿӿȴоһ鶯ļһӴӿԺУ¼ĺȻ׵壬ɫɢǸһɾֱĵڡ
ԭȴɫİڣɫĵϴӽţתΪϲһɴ۾
׵壡
ɫûйˣ

˭óõ׵ĴУҲЩɫŵıͷܵٶɱȥ
Ǻȫȥ
ǻƴķ͸׵ŵҲʾ
ٶħͨ켶λ֣Ӧ񣬱ϾԵģʶȳ֡
һΣĽǰ
Ҫϣ׼ʮϼ״һճ
ħͨ켶λѾͻƱԵὫʮϷһȭ㽫ǹ飬Ȼһȭ
ٶȽıһͷڷˡ
ڷ˻ؽǹӵ֮ģӦһЩ仯æ
ڷԾһ
Ҳʱϵɫ⳹ʧŵ۾Ҳˣֳֻ̽ȥ
ž
һץסħͨ켶λֵȭͷ
ҪɱңӶ׵壿ӵĵ
ħͨ켶λһȻħ
ȻһЦ΢΢һ
꣡
ħͨ켶λֵȭͷʱ飬˳һ߳ȥءһħͨ켶λֲҽһ嵹ɳȥ߿պȻը顣
һɱ
һЩ궯ǵʱһƬ
߿վһһɿ񱩵Ȼʱѹȵǰĺڷ˷һҽеɳȥ
ͷ
سɾͰͷ
ɾͰͷ֮ˣ
˶ˡ
ɫȻ˾޴ɱ䣬Դ׼ٶһͷ
񷣬¶һĨЦ⣬л
˷ܲͬлԵ
ɫ׺һӽ͵һɽۣ֮ɽʮףֱ·棬ܣǾããƺ
Ǹɽ֮ϣ֮ܲڣ¡¡УһĽɫһԶĺɽ
ɽ֮ڳһͬһ㽫ɽ
ǡлǸɽķԺһӸֵعرħɽ
ħĵͼʾУҲΨħɽ˸߶ȡ
лվɽۣǲǽͷģǽɫǽɫ׺Ҳûй
Ψȴˡ
Сӣٵǽɫ׺Ļᣡһŭħɽڴ
ħɽĽ·һֵӰ
ħɽڽͷ֮һ
ҪɱңҲҪۣлͷ׵ڽɫ׺УǳԼ޷뿪ôˣҲ֪γɵˡ
ۣЦһССҲñ𸶳ۡǾͷӰ
лЦߴͷʮ֮һ㸶ͬԡ
ϱ߶֮ס
Ȼͷ֣ҲΨˡ
Ҫ߶֮ףҪð֮׵ΧʥҲҪͷĴˡ


1932  
л߶֮׼ʥͨ켶λ׼ҶˣɥҲĹȶ
ͷвлףûʲôֿΨڱͷնɱǰһӵһ
ͷߵ
ܹӦлǱһɷǳµҲǡǡҪлܵļһļƳƵġ
ȻĻлôʱ伤֮׵ͷ˲Ϣɽɱġ
ħ죬
ѿ
һӰ
Ϥлֹͣ߶֮ףŤͷȥ˺ȻϹʥ
ȻˣõǱĿǸ׼Ҽò
ǰлϲ
ڰ֣ʾлҪ˵ڽǰһץ
лһʱѿˡ
ħͷħģӰҲ¶һĨ֮ɫ벻㾹ȻѾһֻ̤ͷˣⰡ
ǰˡĵ
õɵлһ
ƾڵҪȴô׵ġħĵ
ǰԲӡЦǺǵĵǰܹóһߣ֮£ǰܹʩչɵħɫȻһЦǰҴҪǰ̸һºġ
ħߵҺ
ң˼Ȼų򡣡
ûʲôʸҺƾͷ𣿾ͷʮǧءħӵĵ
ȻһЦҵȷʸ;ͷ⣬ǰһ㣬ħɽҪͷǰͷͷѾչأûչص׼Ҳûȥһ׼ܶˣҲ޷ܹĶǰͷڰͷУҴ꣬Ҷ֣
ħ
ͷʧʮ֮һ飬ȻҲ֪ˣߴͷȱչأ׼Ҳ޷֣ȷǰͷ֮Ľ
˵ɣҪħ
ҰǰǣЩİͷΡȻһ٣ͷħɽ£ǰЩͷˣиǣǰ̸
һץסлļͷڿն𣬴Խǽɫ׵Զ쭶ȥ
գۼ䣬ǱԽʮ
֮лͷȥħɽѾںңԶĵطˡ

лһҵ

лҲû򵥵˵һ飬˵ǰõ׵壬ܻ᷵׼ҵģǰǰ֪ͨñһϵ˰ˡ
İɣʮ˳Ҳնɱӻˣ˵ıѣѾôһϵܶ࣬Ƕϵ˵նϴһ۰ʱ׼ҲǶģѾˣħɽ궯Ҳ᷵ˣһҪǳû𡣡˵
˽лҲͷˡ
лǰħɽͷ
ͷд⣬Ҫͷ磬Ȼǳĺ䶯ʱ򣬿ͷܷչسģ˻ʣ޷ֿҪħɽͷ
ǿ𣿡лԴ˱ʾɡ
ţԼ֮£ҲûеΥ˵
л˻ʵͻ֮𣿡
һɶ
ǰͻƵĻ޷֣ͷ棬˻ʺħľͷҲ赲ͷְɡлü
׼Բ֣˷֮£ҲҪܹ֮أмǿгء˵ұչأʮ֮ʮ֮󡣡
û׼棬Ǿͷ
ħɽͷһˡ
л뵽˾ͷܣǰչصʱ֪ͨңǰ赲һͷ
㣿Ȼ
ԣңлЦ
뵽ʲôЦǲǻɱ䰡Ǻģʥףʥô򵥡
ǰˣҲʹɱģа취ʱܡлһĪӡ
лţðɣʱһ֪ͨġһתľĺܿ찡Ѿ۷徳ˡ
лԼľЩпĵҰ
Ҳʵһֱ֡лļͷڸָһ뿪ħɽǰȥĻ֮
֮ΪңʵǵħһطΪħһֲƣ֮ڣǾͷ룬Ҳѹڳ۷徳磬ͨ켶ϸȥĵط֮һ
ħΪʲôôһֲĽƣѾ޴ӿ
֮ǵǸõطлЦľٳɳ֮ǰûǲҪͨ켶ֵĺãоͷܣҲܹͨ衣
֮Ѿ巽ħģĽ룬һЩǳĸӣȥǧСġ˵
лȻôȥʲô
ޱҪɲôȥ֮
ʱ㣬Զʥʵѡ뿪˼磬ĿĵʱˡһԼƽǰ֮⣬һʱ֮γɵֻؽ磬ʼѹ磬ħʱ뿪ħ磬֮ڣҲֻΧһǧķΧڻԽط޷͸ȥԶͨͷܹ̳֮ʱ֮ͻ֮Ϊֻؽ磬Զʥ뿪˼磬Ҫֻؽ磬ֻؽ𣬴±Զͨͷ֪ǲֳͷ֣ҪûԶʥնɱ˾ûܹѹͷˣԶʥջֻؽ磬Ҳֻؽ
ԶʥʵĴǽģЩҪܶŬſԣع֮󣬾⵽ЩͷĵڶΧھȻͷų˴Ȼ˿ռת֮һӱ˵ħ磬ŷ֣ڻ֮
ֻؽ磬Զͨͷ
лҲ˾
Ĳ˵ǣԶͨͷһл䱸ģʵͷΪֹǴлġ
Ȼڣܹʩչռת֮л
˵ֻ֪ؽ˭𣿡
лҡҡͷǵһ˵ֻؽء
壡


1933  Դħ
壬ĴߣǶĿߣ彫Ի͵ģҲ⵽ļʶģǰ棬ҲֻǴ˵л֮ǲű켵ʵģĿܻǵɳһЩΧ˵Ŀ
ôһ崴ֻؽ磬˭뵽ֻؽȻĳַǳܡ
ֻؽʱڵ𣿡л
ǡҡͷķչһ̣˼磬꣬˼͵ħ磬پ꣬Ϊǧ磬ʱ»عʱģֻؽ磬ԶʥµһЩȱʾֻ˼ʱ崴һ磬˵Ի͵ĽʲôֻԶͨͷ֪ˡ
лӣЩֻؽİϧԶʥʸٵˡ
Цݲȫʾֻؽܹ֮ԶʥҲǽĵʱֻؽڵĸŽݻٵġ
ֻؽ磿
֣أ
лʱֻؽǷйأ
Ŀǰ֪ʱа˳ɵĿֻܾؽɵģǵĿƺҪȡһ֮Ҳ֪ʲô˵һ£˵ֻؽѾˣҲֻ̽ؽʱĸԭĿľǾܵĴݻ
ʲôлʵ
ħʯ壬ҹⱭ
ҹⱭûл̫ע⣬ħʯȴлûɵ뵽ħ
ħʯħɺϣл
ħʱԶʥõħʯ磬Ӧɺϡ˵ɸ˵ĸоǣƺҲЩɡ
֪ˣҶûл
óͼлħʯҹⱭͼһ£㽫ٵɡ
ӹͼл㿴
ħʯȥһͨĺɫʯ飬Ҫ˵ص㣬һ֮£һڰĸоħʯͼҲ˹
һͨ壬ɽˮͱĵûʲôʵĵط͸ͼȴƺܹоһɱ˵͸һ
ҹⱭһɫľƱ濴ƯܹƱڿȥͻؾеĸо
ǲǺ棿Ц
лֻͼѣоǿҡ
ʵĸĪ⣬룬ʮͷΧԶʥʣǵԿôֲ֮£Ȼߣܼ𣿡˵һɣӦöһ꣬Ƿǳֲ꣬Ҳ֪ģħ޵ģ뿪
ܹôֲԿ֮뿪һкɨĿܡ
лҲʶԡ
һֿˡ
Ҫ´лҲ֮ȥħڵħĵͼоͱעŻ֮رĵط
֮ħɽ
лҲżȥݵͼбעʾħɽΧǿ汦ر
ħɽħþӵĵطħǿ߾סĵطй֪ٴεľͷսҲ֪жٵľͷڴ˵ء
ǰдԼһСʱ֮лͣ
ǰһľĺĵģûУл۹۲֮£ܹڿһˣҲûħޣľĺƽͬӣӳΧһУһɵϢɢ
ħĺˡлóͼ鿴һ¡
˵ػǵͼбʾģ滹ı־
Ǳ־лڵͼҵע⣬ʾǣħĺʮϣſֲħޣ粻꣬ƶʵͨ켶ϣǺεħҲ꣬ħĺ·Լһǧ׵ĵطеħ籾Դܴ֮֡
ħÿµʮ˺ſʼƯʮ³ʮţħӦʮµĵطҽһǧ׵λӦû⡣лͼ
ħ籾Դֻ֮Ҫ㹻лսٶȽףѾʮܽףҲܴﵽʮǿȡ
սףлԣǿսĴ
лҲˣһ·֮һҪúõĽͼбʾĵطѰһ£оǽͷܸоһ¡
ԴӵõͷܣûʱоأܹӵʲôҲ
лûоͷܣǸʱǣħĺھޣʱޣħɽ״ֲ᲻ϵģʱҲ˵ħĺħ޾ˡ
ȷûˣ۸ǾܵǱֲûħ֮лŽħĺ
һУʱһɳǵĺ⴫
̶ֱȣлһģųֿģȻе˵ĺ䡣
˵Ҳʺлĵ
ɫ׺ʱлûл壬ڿлˡ
лаǵĺ͸壬ȫλҲսͬŷٵ
бǱԼ߰ףлսͻͻĲ
ħ籾Դ֮
лǱգۼ䣬͵ǧ׵λãʱע⵽λãһɺŨıԴ֮
֮ˣݵͼбעǣħĺ·ħޣ³ģÿϸλûġ
ħ޷ǳĹ졣
лԴûа谭ֻսУǲ̫ĵħ籾Դ֮
սĽǺ׵ģûʲô⡣
Щħ籾Դ֮ȫɽȥлս㷢ɱ䡣
лҲûͣ鿴Լս׽׵ʲô̶ˣǰĵĿޣȡʵȻһԭǽħĺ塣
ʱȥˡ
תҲͣ
ħĺĺѾ޷幹κεвûкĸоȻ޷ˡ
л³²Ǻء
ֹͣӣҲ֪þħ޻ʱ򣬱ħĺ߳
뿪ħĺлͨϲԶһɽڣٳһռ䣬׼оͷܡ
вһս׵
ǰսǶʮ࣬Ѿﵽʮĵز
ٿ硣
͸лԼӺɫɱΪɫˡ
찡лпѣԴҲǷǳԺ
鿴ϣлͽͷܸͷų׼ͷܹܵԼʲôز


1934  һ
ͷܺлһ޶ģߣеı־лһ룬ҲһģûаĲͬ
žͷܣлҲһֹ
֪ܲܿ
һлƽ㿪ʼȥƾͷܡ
ž
˸䣬ھͷܵ˫ĿиһĨ貵ĹâӲӵģ۾ǻƽ͵ġ
üļһֵĺɫķ϶ͬ۾һ㣬Ǿ꿪ʼϡ
󣡡
ң
ɣ

лӦͷܵϵָоͺħ֮Լϵܹħ޵ΪںϣʹлͷܵĹϵӵУͷһհ죬ٶȣл൱⡣
ؼǣл߶ͷĵľȻǾ
Ǳս屾ģлܲ𣬿ǰ֮׵Ĵ̼֪ˡ
Ψл¡
ľ׶Ӧõģ£лĸо¿ƾͷܴսһһҹҺ̬Ҳ޷ȫĸɾϾҺ̬Ǻܶģÿĵ򲻶࣬ϡ٣㹻ӦһʱĿսˡ
ͨһĸ֪ٽлǸͷйĸܹжϳͷܷӵ
Խͷӹɵġ
ͷҲΪɫ仯ĻôͷܵսӦͷɫ꼶Ҳ˵ǿͷľ磬ǿҲǾͷսȫʩչɽзǾͷɨ
һ֣ͷ
лɫȻûжٵ˷ܣԼ˷ħǸʲôģģͨϵĥѣͻңճɾ;ͷ磬һͷܴԣǾͻԣһ˵Ļлٶȣ׻ع鳣̬޷ġ
Ҫľǣ򲻵ѣԲܶþͷܣ𾳽Գ۷徳֣ͨ켶ǿߣȻ޷ԿģԿɽͷܣˣǾᶯþͷܵģõԼ
ô룬ҪǺѵá
˶ԵģһԱ֤ԼΣľͷ֮󣬻ȫƿأǻʶĽġ
лôԼһֿľ硣
ԼܵİͷܴܿĻ
޵УлȫģԲ׵ķΧһж۵ףⷶΧʲôûеģӰ֣̱лע⣬𾳽֮Ҳȥˣǽ̸ȴлע⣬ֹͣޡ
㣬Ҫ˴˵顣
ҿ緽ҲˣҪˣ˿ܾʹˡ
ţӿٶȣôʧȥõĻᣬǿ
Ҳܹǰɣ˭֪ħɽͻȻôĽɫ磬ϱеķ֮Ȼɾ
£죬ٿЩ
˵СҲûô̸⡣
лȴһĶĶǾ
ƺǽɫ׺ݵħɽĽ֮࣬ϵϣȻҪγ
ڵħ
Ѿӵ˼ټϵħûзУǶǵһˣټϷУؿͨ켶ܹһٵĵزˡлֱŹ⣬ħɽǲѡ񡣡
Ψ첻ƣǧŲ
лȻӵһˣͨ켶λھͷȥġ
һ٣ܹսзãƾٶȣɱʵ߹ԼһĶ֡
ȻҪ˵ʵ⵮ɫ׺йҲлЩиС
ʩչи档
˲𾳽磬ƺȥʲôģٶлĺţ࣬ڵĸţҲڲ鿴еľ
ԶܼƷţȻ
лĿܹƵŽɫ˸š
ԼСʱ֮𼶸ҵǵĿ꣬һȺħĸ֣ڡ
Ϊ֮ˣΪĪسϣһλĸ֣ԣǳĸֶʮ֮ࡣ
ż㣬ĪЦﵱһذ̫ϳϰΪ˵ϵͷħڴ˾µѪǿħڴ˴Ѱҵر벻ȻҪȶرҹĪʱˡ
ϣ̫ϳϻǸ߳ϣʹҲ֪˵صѾˣҪСġ
֪ˡĪذڰ֣ȻѾǴˣʹİ˹ƣļ޶ԸʵƽƽһļһսҲʤ㡣
лƲƲ죬ԸҿԸ
Ȼġ
֣ƶʵǿĺأʵþͷܣǶֵģҲı¶ͷܡ
лȻˡ
ͨһƧĵطķΧڣйĪصĻȻҲҵʹĸ֡
ʮˣҲʮ˵ӡ
Ϊ׵İ˹ͼ޶ǳλĸ֣ͬѰʲôҲ֪ǷѾ֪顣
лóͼ鿴
ڵͼУ˵ҲȷģǷţлѰע⣬ʾǣ˵ؾء
Ҳ˵˵ؾǵʢһʱפء
лԺˢһ±ֳ˼籱鵺ڵļĵط
˵ڵħռݵλá
ǵħǿ֮һյҲǿֲޱȣڰǰǿʢʱڣͷѾ䣬ҲնɱͷӶı˵رһأڵħǶǺպľأƽ֮ǰû˸ҽػѰЩղصı
ŹĪ˵Ļлú˵ıͼʾУǺܾǰµʲôͷʹõرͱȡˣֻرԾɴڣǱ˲ȡߣĶԵģͷʹõģԲϵľͷ׵ʹãԲŻġ
ණڱ˵Ҫ⣬Ǿͷͷ۵ģܻ˺Ƕл˵ǾıӦõģԭǣлƵľͷܣûԿԣԵĻԲϣҲ˺Ķʥ׺һ߾ģ˺㶼˺ֺġ
лڵĶڴ


1935  
ͷٻлóһɫĶΪϣñ˷֣ȻٽռָڵľͷʺϵıûУ˴лĿǸͷѰһ
лҲóԼϡ
˶ʶôˣ϶ϳģĻħǿܺĴڡ
лӰ߳
ͨ۹۲Ķ̬
ܿͷ֣Ѱűͬһλöȥ
ѰҶЩжһԲ̵ģרѰرһЩá
֮ԷҪǣ̫⣬ǾзԵı࿹ģױͨԲ̾еڵġ
лں
˫һ˵˴սǾ͸ˡ
ûãͬʱһء
еһƬŢ󲢲Ҳ߰ʮƽ׵ķΧ˷վ࣬˴ţ˸Բ̵ˣеǸԲ̶˸ŵĹΣһɫĹΣָ·
λطȷֵİɡħ緽ĹĪ˫ֱأ΢΢ͷȻ
Ǹ߸ϵģʹֶ¶ŭɫ
ǺаԵģ˵ħ磬ǹ˵ħ磬ڵħľͷħɽڣְΧϣȻľӶֵġ
Դ֪ģǵħ綼ǹˣҪͷʱչأͳˣȻҰ
ǣȷֵģǵġ
ʹ˽
ħ緽Ҳʾ׷׷༥
һʱ䣬˫˾ȻøһĶ
лĲЦˣǺټԶȤĿҪ˫Ϊ֮δ
ҲѸٵۣ鿴طǷʲôر󣬽ֻǿһЩص治ϵسûš
л˼籱鵺ճ̶ȣؼǵãԽصĵشԽײ֮ˮ鵺ֻһЩսɵγɵ֮ˮǵͷģֹһ峹壬ôļʥˮ߼Ķ
Ա˵ͨ켶֣ܽأᵣĳģл򲻱ؾ¡
Ķ֮ԽףףΪµɷԭЩԻо޴ӰĶԣвսĹؼڡ
лŹעˣԵԲָصģǶû￿£ǿƿʾǲҽ룬жҲԽġ
ˡĪؿˡ
µħַ׷ס졣
ħɽħ壬ǵ壬ĵħɵģԵħħɽڴ˵פĸֶԿš
Ҫˡʹְ˹
ʹ˺Ҳ͡
Ϊ֮˶ˡ
˹޶˵һ飬˵ҵģһҪĻҲ˫ǰսĪص
ħĸǵʱһĹֽС
һٶ˺һ±пһʣɱڡ
棬ħռݾԵơ
˹ͼ޶һۣ˵϶һ˿ŭǺܿƽʵֻ˼һ룬潻棬ֻаܱһ;ܱ׽
ҵġʹ尢˹ѹŭ𣬳
ŶĪشЦ
ʹֻЩǱ޶ѹˡ
ĪأҲ֪˰ɣＴ͡˹˵
ΡĪص
˹ҽδ֮ǰǾԴΪ磬ѰѰ棬Σ
Īسһ£ԡ
Ǿиˡ˹˵꣬һ֣ȥ
ע뿪ħֶ˹ֽ
ѹ֣˷ܡ
ĪҲһ˿Ц⣬һ֣̾һħŢڡ

һȳ⣬ͿŢҷֿһ׶Ŀռ䣬濴ȥһۿ߼ʣ߰
лܹǰ
ȻǺöȻһѸ߼սʼ񽣡лȻ
ݣ
һ·
ݺǧ֮ĽʾķǷ
ɣ񽣣Īشȵ
̷Īһץס
ǰлעЩ磬ħռôãɳȴյսʼ΢һ㣬ûжսʼģУҲЩݸ߳ģħطִ󲿷ֵͨ켶жûսʼƹĪȳĸȻûеġ
õôһѿ˵񽣣˷ܲѡ
Īصľ磬ոһѸ߼սʼ񽣵Ҳɣո֮󣬱򶫿ʼѰó̡
׷ֿл״ֱϷصĺĵط
ǲҽ¶С
лһǰУȻаգԾʮֵĽ۲飬ʱ͸²鿴ֹʲô֮ð͵ϮԼ̬ڵĺûΪͷܶ
غӴ
֮ǰƵͨͼƬؿռһڵͼȷıעΪֲһڤɷ֮Ǳȵ鵺ɷ֮ҪٱĶͨͨ켶ֽ룬Ҳᱻڤɷ֮ǵģ߻ħ߱ɷӵġ
лĿ֮һڤɷ֮
ɷս㿪ʼףôΪֲڤɷ֮أǷҲսأ
һֲ֮
ǰΪӦħޣħ࣬ʵԲⶨɱ֤һ㣬λãӦͨ켶ϵĿֲڡ
ӵоͷܵлȻҲ¡
ǰж
н׵ʱгֳҺӰķΧڣǺȻʹ尢˹޶
ǲȥѰôַˣصķΧڣлɻͣ˽Ų
ֻСĽĴرԵλô
ǵĽ̶Ҫлʮû취ɢĶ֮ħĵħ壬֮Ǳ˴˼аĴڣע⡣
лˡ
ھ˴ԼǧҵλͣĻΧ͸ӵУͷ˺󷽴Լǧ׵ĵطֶԶرԵûκεĶΨжǵķȻĹĪصˡ


1936  ⷢ
˵нл̱֪ǵĿġ
ɱĪأ
˫ʵܴ緽Ҳֻ˼һ޴Ĳȴһƽİ취Ǿ˫ܹλɫ꼶ĸ֡
նɱĪأô緽λֵʵȫѹħ巽еĳ֣ôΧħˣֻ̡
գлƲƲ죬Ҳƣǰǿʢʵӵħ˼ҲǽԴԸο׵ķһѸ߼սʼ񽣰ǿܹͨ켶ֶҪĶ
ڿ뷨ˡ
̣ȻֿжԶ֣ȻϮɱȷֶΣҲЧ
лûмȥ
һ㣬Щ˶ȥеıõǶûãǶʥǵ˵ɺܴġ
ôǿƣӶԴͨ켶ֶ޷ȫ뱸սʼʥǾ͸ˣû߲أлõԴȻǲŹġ
лҲżһԹ۲졣
֮֮УڱУҲӲż룬ӻˣǰȥױ¶Χء
ȥ֮ǰܹﵽ硣
Сģ޶񼱺ȵ
ʹ尢˹ϾֹѸٵϢԼʹϢͷų˵廥ΪеĻôʹͷȻɱݵľ档
ʶʹϢӵС
޶ҲϢǾͿð֮ĵطʧˣָƽ
͸ۣлܿǵر棬Լİ׵ȻһӴĹ壬֮ߵ壬Ҳ֪ΪжߣǾͷһ˲ͷųϢʵԲ򵥣ΪؼǣһðͻȻĹֵģǲ˾µġ
֮عƽԾɱֲ̬
ҪܵĽĪصע⣬ǵļƻͺܲˡ
˹ΪʲôѡƹرԵλãǰ棿޶Ѿ˺ܾ⡣
ħ巽룬ȫƹǰﷴԶصġ
Ҿ֪϶Ҫʡ˹ЦĪҲɵϣ϶ᵣȥɱģһûԸõǱԼİȫֻҪǾռƣô·ߣȻǽرԵλõģĻֻҪɳ۲ɣҲأȻػ࣬д̡
޶Ц㿼ǵĹ
һЦ˹ңǾܹøı
ţһģֻһ㣬ôɱĪأħ֣޶ʵ
һᣬһͨ켶֡˹
޶ȻΣˣ
˹ЦΣգʤ
ʤ޶񳹵ɵˡ
ðɣҸ㣬˷ǰ˵أ巽İͷĽѡǰҲǾġ˹˵֪ħɽΪʲôֽɫ磬ǽɫȴƮ뵽
ҡҡͷ޶֪
л˶䣬ȻĻ
˹ǽɫ֮Գ֣ΪħɽͷʮĹҵħڵĽɫ׺Ҫתƽɫ׺俪ħɽƣΪˣûиκˣû뵽ǽɫ׺Ȼ⣬޷俪ƣ巽ͷ֣ǽƾͼƣʩչطǽɫŲƵ˴˵Ƿ֮ϣ˵γʵʸǡ
ǣ޶
ȷԳͣأһγɣȻڵ壬ǳֶȡɻΪɷħ塣˹ϸĽ͵ɷħ壬֪ɣǸˣһص㣬ǳ͵ĵһ£ᴦ˥ڣǱɳûǿƣһнУǰǱɱĪأħ뿪ħͨ켶ָ֮ǰǿɷħ壬ȵˣǱɷħ已ɱȻɷħϮħɽħ֣ɷħ屻ħҲϣٳ֣ɽħնɱħɽȫƿ֮£Էӡħɽħͷѳ
лɵõһ
̫ˣ
Ȼⳤֽƣÿһڶ޷ģԻɣڰͷ˭ֻ뵽һжʤء
üƲߡ޶Ļȭͷ漴üܹ֤ȡγľأ׵羫ģµģǸҳ𣿡
˹һЦͷȻǴڸҷˣְͨ취ҿԱ֤һֵģҲħ緽󲻵ġ
ಽСĴԽرԵȻʼû壬лҲ۷ɱ
ʥǶԣ磬ǵħ磬Ƕǵˡ
ǵҲָ£ҲֿɳΪʱѵġ
ǿƣôʥǱϵħľͷ翹⣬ȿԶԿǿĵˣܼģܹӮʱ
οҪףҲҪħɽͷϲܹУԶԳʥ˵ӵĲ
ԾԲǵ֡
лˣЦһָһ
һָԾȥû£б˵Ľŵȥ
ۣͨлܹǧ׵һָȥܹĳ˯е߰˸֮ࡣ
ˡ
ָû룬һɹŨصϢҵķ
߹ȴӵðһ̷ꡱꡱ趯Źǵǽɱ˹ˡ
Ϊĺܵλû壬ϾԵĵط³˯Щʵǿܹﵽ𾳽𣿿ԼΪ㣬£ǳλʵŵģֻҪЩӦòᱻֵġ
֣ɱҲһ˲
ˡ
ǽµλһѹǹȻ·̳
˾һһӷݸ߿ա
·߹趯Źǹ׺ݵĴ̼ȥҲǷ׷׵Ķ֡
ǰ˸壬һ֣ǿĲ˷һ춯Ĺ屻ˣͳͳĴӵ·գۼ䣬ƬнǧĹ塣
ƽƽҲսʼˡ

ʹ尢˹üͷһ壬в⣬ȴϸ룬ȻչɫĹ£ܿаϢ
ȶĹâ£еĹ塣
ɫ֮£ЩƽƽĹʱͳͳĻΪҽû¡
𣡡
⹥֮ǰһȻ
һ޴еĹ壬᳤Լ׵Ĺǹ̤һɱ͹ǳλĸ֣ĻнĹ壬ʵߵͲ룬𼶵ģҲгģƺƵɱ
лһǽ̤֮Ĺǹ棬۾һĨĿľ⡣


1937  ָ
ǹ棬ӽǹͷĵطһ״סǹԿóǶǹģǹණǾģǰŹԶģһɳģɱ¾ǿġ
״ڵģ·һ㡣
лȴӦõһöָϵĽָ
ָ
Ϊһݣл磬սѥͨ켶װװ֮һָǡǡװһ֡
ֵָһ̣лռָڵսѥӦ΢΢Ĳ
һףǽӴˣӦ
ϵĻЧˡ
ָڣرĲٰлֱŹ⣬õָ֮ϣôݵʱսȻõܴǿֲնϡٵ⡣
Ҫˣ
лû뿪Ҳǰ£
ֻϵս̺ɷ֮ȻĶͨϢӦĹ˵лǾͬ࣬ǲûйл
ʹ尢˹״˾
޶񰵳һİ˹ǿдȥء
̱Ҫˡ
𣡡
޴Ĺһŭ𣬺ĵۿ֮ҵȼţţſһڹγɣֱȥ
䱳ϵǸ򷢳һ˻ڿԾ𣬹ǹҡڣֱ̼޶
һһַɱ֡
ͬʱЩҲ׷׵ĻԾ˻𣬷׷׵ɱȥ
Щ嵱пİٵĳ֣һ֣ε
˹ͼ޶Ǿḻ֮˾棬ҪߣɱһѪ·ˡ
ǿһȫ
񱩵¡¡ıһϯɫΣһڹն飬صĳǹȥѩ׵ٵȶţɫΣһȺ壬ǵܵӰ½
ǿġ
޶ıҲһǹҲ̳ȥ

ǹǹڸ߿ն
ĽͬʱһƾУǹǹָܴ𶯣İ߰⼣ʱˣ¶Ŀ
ɫָһͼʮ㰡
֮£ɭɭɱ
ž
ָ̼ܵһɫĵ⣬лķǵѾ״ɼˡ
ͻأı仯ü޶ֲ
뵽һУȻһöָĽָʱͱɫС
ƾУͬʱˣ޷

޶񵱼һʹĲҽУ±飬ǰرһƬڣҲ˴ˡ
ǹ廹δվΣɱȥ
һӱжʮɱȫǳλλĸ֣ʵǿĺܡ
޶ŭһȻһҵĻ档
е
Ϊ֣Ƕĸ֣ȻҪģ޶յıһֽеȻ֮𣬿ǱǿĶࡣ
ʹʥǹµģôҪΡ
һ̽Щյĵˡ
޶ǹ˳һɨ
ء
Щ嵱㻯ĩ
һĲ࣬ȫɱĵزϾ֮ǰĲ඼ľ룬Եơ
Щ壬ǿĹҲٶɱ
ǹָ׵㱬ɱȥҲۿ֮𼱴ٵеΧ֮ҵķ޷ܵϢų
޶Ҳ趯ǹ̳
ͬʽֻڡ

˵ǹٶײһײһ
һܼ춯֮类ڹϣָǿվѷɫһߣϾûԸַлʩչĻǾǴɾļ֮׵
屻ϣȼһѸټӴ
ž
޶ǰ̽ץסǹǹͷ󷽣ץǹβˣȻһšɸԵ
ͿǳǹһΪ
ǰ˱޶ץססǹ˷ֿ֮󣬾ȻҲһǹͷȻ˫ǹ϶ɵһǹ
޶֮һȫĹһǰȥ޶ùǹֵĶǹݺݵزȥ
꣡
ǹһ±㽫ͷ­ɨˣֶǹбһ峹׷顣
ᣡ
йעл׼ᣬȻʩչƵ磬౾̫Զ̻һ⣬
Ŀǹǹָ
󱲣һֵļ޶˫ǹڶĹ壬Ϳлŭ֮£˫ǹͬʱлָ
޶ȻҲָ
ҪԵ֧֣ɷӳɾףѾرݣ֪һЩνرͷյĶҪĶ࣬ߡ
лһЦ⣬ٶȻӿ졣
ſûʹ޶˫ǹ̳ʱжϴӳ֮£лٶٶ
ˢ
Ծ˫ǹǲӰ
ž
лûͣһǹǹбŷȺУҲһӴȥ
ս̺б֮Ҫɷ֮Щ弸ʶĶܣ·лǵ
޶ŭУ׷󣬿һЩƴɱðɣ𲻶ϣȫĽ𱬷еĹ壬˿ĳл
ٶȫлǹǹ֮ǰ˳ֳϣռָڣȻسȥ
˹ͷס޶
νͷǾʱ޷ֱʲô𣬵ѾԽսʼ׼ͨ켶ͨ켶еġ
ɱʹ尢˹ԣԶȻѸٵıһɫʥ⸲ţձͶݳȥ
ݣ
񽣷ĺХУʥеĹ岻ҿ
ⳤλֵΡ
лߣҲ񵶣֮˸ŶĿĹ⻪һȭǷ񽣡

ײ
ǹڵǿʹлսײһΧĹܷɳȥ
лƺһ󲽣ʹҲδ˹Ըķأƫ뷽ɳȥһٶףڵϡ
ƾС
лǲһߡ
۷ɫԳλɫĸ֣ܶʤ٣ΨмʵǴﵽλʤŻսнס
±
޶ŭĺӱ˫ǹ㺮
лһЦˡ㣡
һΣٶȫ汬ˢһ±ǰӳȥ
潻棬ȷԿ⣬лٶȱƴʤģһգ۵ĹѾǧ׵ĵط
ҵĽʹ尢˹ŭ
ԭлǰʱ˳ֽǰҲˡ


1938  ڤɷ֮
ǧ׵ľ룬лͣתż޶Ͱ˹Ļӻ֣λãǾûˣԽȥǹļԽߵģԻŻȥġ
ǰǽԸлҲеðա
ʲôˣȻ޶ŭ
ָԺţˣȻߣַŭ֪ˣŭĿ
˹ɫĿ¡
񽣶ˡ
ƨ˼ʮ꣬ǲңб½лһת뵽дʡ
ı֣Ҳˣ˵ˣҲӦǻŵġ
Ļ쵰ҪòãҽͷȻɱΪƽء޶ŭȵ
лЦħ֮˵İ취û𣬺ٺ٣û취㿪ĪǵΧ˰ɡӻ֣ͷԸĻǻӭ
˵ȥ
޶Ͱ˹ŭ֮࣬лȻ֪ǵļƻɵɫ䣬ɱȥǵ˻ϡ
شĵطлҲδһɧš
ҵλãѾйڵرȫ˯ˣлͷųսǱ㲻ṥ
óǰѹǹл鿴һ£ǹ𲻵Ͱ
ӦǴﵽ׼սʼĸ߶ȡ
ʥ֮ҲкڰԵĸ֣ʹùǹҲܹҪģл㽫ָժǹ
ָ֣һ˿㴫
лܹӦָսѥϵ߶սУ̾Ϳһɾļ֮ױ
װÿһ׶иԵܹΪֲսѥٶȵģǾ׵繥ģָӦ׵
սУָͻȻعԿ벻Ч
ݣϣսھб֮ãսҲѷɫˡлĵ
ָȻǰн
أǴδ˽ĵطħյ鱨ڵһжһŲ֪ġ
лҲ߾裬ۿ鿴Χ
Խȥ֮ŨԽҲԽԽ࣬лܵϢսڸǡ
Ҳûʲô
ֱнһǧ֮֮Ҳת䣬Ϊɷ֮лսӴ䡣
ԵʵͼҲ𾳽ģҶǹ֮ģٿصɷ֮֮սձͬ׵Ĺǿһġ
лûԲѰұУҲʹõģͿע⣬ȺŹĻΨжþͷܣ治֪ǷᾪĿ´ڣиͷ壬ǾΣˡ
лֱǰеġ
طԲһҪﵽĵشǾͱǽǧķΧڣлǰٶȺܿ졣
˵ǧλʱɷ֮ڷɱ䡣
߼ڤɷ֮ˣǺ΢ˣлҲоսڤɷ֮ȷǿս׵ġ
ϡٵڤɷ֮Ӧǿңлܻɣεսײһɱ䣬Ӧһ΢
лӵڴˡ
ͬģлˡ
Χڣʱʱܹͨ켶ĹûڲģĿ´ڣлܶ϶ͷ϶ڣǲ֪ǷоͷĴڡ
˵ûаɣİͷǵڤɷ֮вҲ̫£ٶ࣬ǵҲ٣ƫƫǲҽ
˵оͷĴڰɣΪʲôֱɱЩ֣ųħɽͷħҲͲھˡ
ʼǸԡ
лнٶȼһ࣬شԼ׵ĸ߶ƯţȫѲţͬʱڤɷ֮ŨȣӦսĲ̶ȡ
ģǰĹԽԽϡ١
ɷ֮ʧΪڤɷ֮Ծĵط֮󣬹弸ÿʮزܿһǹҲͨ켶ϵģÿһ嶼ռݴԼԲʮķΧڣڤɷ֮ġ
лмλͣ
˵ɽûκιûڤɷ֮ҲҪطһЩǵŵһЩĹ壬ƺһЩͨ켶˵أڤɷ֮صġ
ѡʼս
ڤɷ֮лҲ൱Ӱ죬Ҳսںɷ֮ľҲǴĵزֿܹǻˣǰͷ¶ľ޷ġ
лᵽͷ֮
ͷûУҲûӽ
ƽľлſģʼڤɷ֮
ۻڤɷ֮ɱ¾һҵڣ̱ӵҪɣſģǾͻ
ڤɷ֮лŸڤɷ֮Ŀ֮
ڤɷ֮ѾǵԪһ֣Ȼſµɱͬһսʿɱ¾ɵɱǿҵɱ¾־һɣͻ˱ɱ˿ħ޷Լ
ɹڤɷ֮󣬾ѹ·γһ壬͸޾ɱ⣬Ҫлľںϣܹɾںϣһͳͳɣ˾ǳ군ˡ
лǹһĨЦ⡣
Щڤɷ֮вϧǰȴûκεĵֿΪľһ档
ʮ
˵ֻǾ߱һʮܣ˵ǾŲվǾŲʷ˵ǿڡ
ڤɷ֮ոսӴʮӹڤɷ֮ɱ̻ΪУع鱾ʵڤɷ֮
ЩлҪġ
ϽЩڤɷ֮ת뵤ڣʼսнס
ϵڤɷ֮룬ϵرʮϵؼ룬лսһķɱ䡣
˷һ֮лսֹͣˡ
ٴڤɷ֮Ҳûκεô
лһ𣬶ڤɷ֮ų⣬ܷ޷ϵսҵĲ
𣡡
˷֮£лһХ
ϵսлɵôЦԤһħ籾Դ֮Ҳҵսʮʮѣͨڤɷ֮ѾԽʮ屶ĵزˡ
ʮ屶ĶǿһʵķԾˡ
ɴսл˹֮Ҳڲ̫ˡ
лܣڤɷ֮ҲûκӰˡ
ҲͷܴӿռָͷųȥٶҲ΢ӿ죬оͷܱҲκˡ
ڤɷ֮ķΧҲǧҡ
лֱ߷УԼ߰˰ʱ򣬳ֵͨ켶ϡˣǼҲˣȫͨ켶λģڰͷĻδֹ
лӽˡ
˵Щͨͨ켶ֻܸܵսڵڤɷϢͨ켶λлĻϢһ˿˿΢ĸӦġ
нһٶѾܽӽĵشˡ


1939  
𣡡
һޱɭֲĳХͻأĵĵشƳХлֱðͷƤ飬ڣ̼궼ɢһĨĽ⣬лһ˫۾Ҳ˵Ľɫ⻪
лܴ̼£ȫ֮£ҲֻǿһԼа֮ߵӴӰڤɷ֮ؼҵķƵţĺƽ봫˵еڤһ㡣
ˢ
ǿľͷƮǰ
лҪ٣ĥҲ£ҲɱԼյصģھͷܺ档
ƾǾͷڵһ꣬лٿؾͷܺɵġ
һ䣬ͷڱͷųһĨĹΣγһ֣лС
ͷܵر𣬲ʲôս֮ģһлδ߶ɡ
дػлŷġ
𣡡
һֲ޾ĺڰУɲǼӿڤɷ֮ؼҵķţ·ĳţһӱ˷л۹
ԣǰ׸ߵľ޴ӰѾǵĴڡ
ͷܵķڤɷ֮֡
лٿؾͷǰȥ
˵ķڤɷ֮ŨأȫʴģǾͷܵر𣬸ڤɷ֮ʴ
Ǳӿٶȡ
ת˲䣬Ǳ㵽ĵĵط
һ޴ڤʯ̾͵ĵطڷŸϡŹֵħ޵ĵ񣬻ԣ쳤ХΧŨڤɷ֮ţУлЩħƺĳĲ
ħ޵λãվš
壬壬ңž޴ĹǵһħǵĹ壬Ҳ֪ǰʲôħޣǿԿ϶嶼ǰͷģԶĹǿĶࡣ
𣡡
ͷ巢һХ𶯵ڤɷ֮ҵķ
Щħ޵·עһ㣬ÿһͷ­кĵħţȻҪ
ɱлһ
ͷ֮£ֶδһ£ϱȻʱӲӵ磬˷ɢȥ
ʥף
лһ۱㿴Ǿʥͨͷܷӳʥ׽߳ɵزɽͨľͷɱˡ
¡¡
УЩħ޵δͱɫʥ׸УͳͳĻΪУβʣ
ͷܽŲûаǰȥ
һĻͷ巢ŭһɱ
ͷǿ൱µġ
ǵ߶ͷܵķһ󲨶δƣͷȻǰ̡
ˢ
ٶȣл޷ݣֻǸо̫̫ˣѾﵽĵزлƾ޷͸ٶȡ
أ
ǰİͷֱӱͷܵϥǶ
ֲ嵱ۿڵ֮Ҳ֮ɢһƬ壬ȴ͵Ĳ֣󲿷ֹ嶼Ѿĩ
࣬Ǿ޴Ĳࡣ
ͷھͷǰûаֿ֮
ͷʱųǰ
أأ
ͷ˫ȭ
ȭͷ޼᲻ݵĴڣͷĹǵĩȭͷ㽫ͷҵķ飬ûаȫ׵ķ顣
лѪڡ
ͷܣ˵زֱ
ֱֻɱͷ
͸ͷɫģͷɫǰɫģȻǰͷļˡ
һ·ͨ衣
лҲžͷܼٵǰɱȥ
ͷĹܹڰͷǿֲһ֮±ȻͬһļӲ
ͷһףֱףȴصлʶӵ
㵱лֽ˳ȥ
ͷ˫̽ץסͷ
Ǳֱǰ
ڤʯ̾͵ĵطĵشһ޴ͭ¯ܵڤȼţлĸоڤǽеʥ𣬶Ѿǳӽʥ𣬵ȴޱȣлоͷܵķо
ǿġ
ͭ¯лȵ
ͷ̷һŭ˫趯ͷݺݵȥ
أ
ͷͬʱͭ¯
ͭ¯ʱ㷢һ죬ȻʮƬܷȥ¶ľʧȥͭ¯ԾȼŵڤһЩڤгɾʥļ𣬷ǳĿ¡
ڤ֮Уһվš
˹һĹ壬ʲôɫɢȴǳĿֲл͸鿴ȻѾ޵Ľӽͷ磬Ȼڳͷ磬Ҳ˵ֻҪʽأǾͷˡ
Χڤ֮⣬һˮתš
ˮлδɿ϶Ӧþʥˮ
ʥˮڤһ壬ȫͷ硣
ͭ¯ݻ٣ǰͷҲ̱ѡ
ֻǿֹͣͷĻᣬһһ޴а׸ߵӰܵʥˮڤһԶڣȻȥ
𣡡
ͷҲſһɫ硣
䣡
ɫ׵վʥףǴɼģɲЩʥˮڤܿģһӾͽ飬ǿĽɫʥҲصĺͷ档
嵱㱬顣
ΨͷǱã֮ţδϨͷܵĲݺݵҧȥ
ͷ˫趯
أأ
ͷ˸ǿصûͷ棬һ±õķ顣
Դڵİͷͳͳı
лҲ´ֹ֣ͣҪٻڤʥˮǸܹлġ
֪ͷǰһֱվڷͷվλãڤʥˮӿȥ
ЩȻͳͳ͸˽ȥ
л״гΪڤʥˮ֮ľͷȻһߵ
ֻرԡ
ͷԾǺɫĵزɫ껹зǳĲ࣬Ҳһĳɳ˵ȶ˾ͷ
ʵлϲĵ
ˣ˵ͷгһգܴﵽͷ
֮£Ҳκξͷˡ
ʥˮڤԶԾͷаǰǺܴ󣬻һͷųˡ
лЩʥˮڤ壬а
ʥˮޱȣڤӣл̴ڵɢһ㺮л
ǵĺлΨǿǰʹࡣ
֣͡
ԽԽǱлž޴İͬģлսҲźܴİ
ΪҲڷٵš
һ֮ʥˮڤñ㳹ʧˡ
лϾѾǷǳǿĴڣҪǺѵģ͸鿴Լ꣬ȻѾӽɫزҲǽӽó龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯĵĵط


1940  ħ
龧ʯѾ̺֮ĵħһУͷųƷ龧ʯлѸٵš
˵أЩͷֵǵĹ̺ŵڤɷ֮Ҳͳͳͷųʹڤɷ֮ﵽ˷ǳĵزͳͳĽ龧ʯڣʹĵħﵽһǳ˵ĵز
ڤɷ֮ǵħһɱ䣬Ȼܹݵġ
лȻҲﵽǰδеٶȡ
֮߰ٶҲԵлֹͣϾڻıأǱ˵õǾлˣоͷܻЩ͵ħİͷ֪ģδزǰӶѰұء
Ȼٶ޷ڴﵽ죬Ҳͣˡ
л鿴ԼʵҲԸﵽ۷ɫĸ߶ȡ
Դٶȣ൱⡣
ӽɫ׺ʼλɫʵǰ󻹲һ£ȻѾﵽλɫĸ߶ȣǰ޹˵ġ
л龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯóϣоͷܻſʼѰҶ
۲Ҫ鿴ΧĹ壬оͷҲپ£Ҫǲ鿴¡
ۣܹͨ´һҵĵطʲôӦǺעġ
һ·һ·Ѱҡ
ּȴлȤӲʺϸͷܵȵĵشԼǧ֮лȻ֣ԭɷ֮ĵطȻѾ֮ͨ
ǰٶ֮Ҳʧˡ
˾ǣԭﷶΧڶܼĹţҲǧķΧڻй壬Ĺ嶼Ѿû֮𣬳׵ĳ˯ˣѹһƺŰͷ˾ޱ䡣
лͷܣչٶȿʼ鿴
ȻԭرԵشǧﷶΧѾʧˣû֮Ҳû˹Ĵڡ
Ҳ֣ĪغͰ˹Ѿ˵أʼͨԲ̴ģѰپ¡
˫ƺĳЭ飬Ǳ˴˶ɢˣֻйĪشλֺͰ˹޶಻߰˰׵ɽۣ֮˴˿ŶԷѰ
ˣлȻ⿴
ʵһ˿⣬ԶԿˣھͷܣʱʹãǴСãû壬ؼǣܱܿ¶Ǳǰ׼Էˡ
лĿþͷնɱͷͬв˰ףˣܲǰþͷܣԲãõĻҲ֤˾ۼһ𣬲ߣĻһɱħɽۼͷܵЩͷȫɱ˾Կɸ巽ɾ޴Ĵħ緽ϳЩĸȫն巽ôҲӦʵٸһɰɡ
Ϊ棬׶þͷܡ
л緽жνγɣ緽ģҲȻı㡣
л㰵и緽档
ʹҲֿˣÿһжһԲ̣Ѱұ
ֻҪлΧڣļ֮£лѡʹֵһ·нš
ûãԲ̱㷢˷Ӧ
л̾ѣҲûԲ̣ѰȷЩ鷳ԺǷöѧأ
߸档
ӽʮӣδص㣬л۷ΧڣͿ巽棬λĸ˷룬һȥ
˶߶䣬ҲЩ̸
εĽ̸л֪ǵĿꡣ
ħ
л۾ֱð⣬ħǿܹлӵа֮׺ͬԾԵȻɵԻľԵ
һˣҪֻ߸ȻɵħΪȻĻȻᷢͻұ˴˶Ʒչ׳յĽԳɳá
ʶõħֵͬȻɵ
лסľԵġ
а֮ףʩչԵĶױȻӵ׵սӵǿ
ƫƫлյĶ棬Ե٣ҪԵģǰȭභм֮ʥô֮ŭ֮ĶȻսģսҲӦĴȻɵǶǺɨһеġ
ʶħлͷ˼¡
ܹþͷĶĶ
лȻѾãǰ֮׻ﵽ£Ҳ׶ãҪõһָʺȻɵ
и˵ĺ󷽣лƮȻ
˵ķ˲ͬҲûʲôˣҲȫĺܣлȻ赣ı˷֡
лۺܿ㷢֣ڴԼ׵ĵطһӴɽһɫţƯţʱ򣬺һͨ͸ɢҲǾ۶ɢģǾħ
ֻɽ֮ڣħһ޴Ĺڹŵĵ˴Ѫʯ
Ȼй
лһ·ѰңķΧǷǳ֮ģûڿһŵĹ壬ǵһľԲǺǿҲǳ綥ʵȴûΪ֮ȴܵ˿Ӱ졣
ϸ鿴Ҫ˵Ĳ֮ͬǾǹ΢ֵɫġ
ܿ죬ֱ㿿ɽ
ƺ֪
ֻȻ֪Ĵڣֱӱ㴳˽ȥһУǸײ
ǺһսͿʼˡ
˶ǳλɫ꣬ǳλɫ꣬ȫܹѹ֡
ǵɱʱԽ
лһɽڣ۷ɫ꣬ʮ屶սλĸֶܹնɱȻ
ɽл㵽ħǰ
ħһ˵ʣӵͬʱ߱ȻĻᣬлħظ
ֻһϢлƴܹоֵʵʸУƸһ㡣
ҽκˣлӿһ⡣
ս쳣ļңɱֽڽڰˡ
лվħǰſڣһ
Ϳǵɫħͺͱڣ壬Ȼ辭İţЩħѸٵлȫĹǣҿʼ͸ȥ
лҲûʲôرĸо
еħȫ͸лȫ֮󣬾ͷ֣ĹһɫӨ͸ģ·͸һ㡣
ȫͨ͸лĻ壬ĺ̹ı仯о̫
ħڶ෽ӵУǷԣֻҪȡԻľˡ
ħȫ֮л鿴ǷʲôͷֿռָѾźܾõĿ޵ͻأĲ


1941  ޵
޵ǿ޻ڵõرϴ֮ϵ֮·ǱжΪֹҲûܹ϶Ա֤һƵôҲͨ켶ϵľ硣
лҲʮ겻׼
û뵽ǣ޵ô𶯷Ӧ
лó鿴
ΪǿҪƵģû뵽޵Ȼлţϵص
ƺڵĿҪʲôƵġ
ž
лʱ򣬿޵ıͻȻһĨžͿǱѹµĴѪʯһö΢΢£Զķڿ޵档
ʯѪѸٵĻһ޵ʳˡ
ʲôѪлһ
Ҫ֪޵γѾﵽ˷ǷĵزܹƵɾͨ켶ľ磬δɾ;ͷļʶǳĴ
ʲôֵÿ޵
ϾûƵģδѵģʯѪǳ֮ߣſŷǳİҲԲġ
лǰǰ
޵ͷǴѪʯ档
ˡ
޵Ư
ЩѪʯҲܵĳǣ׷׵Ưſ޵ţЯѪ׷׵ĻѪǿ޵͸ȥ
Ѫ࣬ڿ޵棬лԼ䣬ȻڵڵĿ۱ƺ˯ˣһж֪
лùһöʯ
鿴ѪҪʲôѪѪ̱㻯Ѫ޵ˡ
нǧʯѪͳͳı޵ˡ
ոɾ֮󣬿ޱȥ
лֽоҲûʲô仯ռָ͸ۼ鿴һС
ȷûκεı
߳ɽ
ӭǽɱߵĹ
𣡡
ŭһŭһӱӴͷݺݵлײ
ʮ屶սӿ֮ϣлҲûжκεĶȭͷͷ˹ȥ
أ
ͷлһȭ顣
۷ɫ꣬ϳλɫ꣬ߵĲ࿴ƺܴ󣬵ʮ屶ѾȫֲҪԽܶ౶
һȭɱ
飬ѣл̸е޵ٶȲ޵óڹѵĹǰͿǹͷųľܿͱ޵˸ɾʧȥĹҲ˸ɲĴڣһȣͳƬ
ӦʯѪԵʰɡлĵ
㲻پƮȻ뿪˵ء
ۿʼѰܿ㷢ʹƿصǸԲĹûƿ߲Բʼն޷ƣԻҡ
Щʹֶۼ鿴
лҲƣ֪Ƿ˰гֵԵʣ۱鿴ط巽ҲǵԲͬĲָӣлѰħ壬ЩڵĵطҲ̫ңԶ׵ľ룬Ҳˡ
·ʲôӴԲʧȥЧá
Ǳ˴˰гƻԵʡ
ôˡл⣬ǲ⡣
߷ӣʹԲ̱ѣԲҲ׷׵ըѡ
ʧȥԲ̵Ǹ޷Ѱκεı
Զҽ䱸Ĳ鿴ΧлҲעܵΣȷûзκ쳣
ֱռָڵĿ޵ٶȲ
лæó
֮ǰα֣Ѿлʶ޵ɿܵӦǿ޵һֱܱ֣ﵽ㹻֮󣬿ޱӳ˯ѣƵġ
ˢ
޵ó֮ͷųһĨĺ⣬Ưл棬渡һĨϸ˿ĵ⡣
ž
ⷢ춯
¡
ӦʴһһӲӵĵ⻮գڰһ˲䣬յ硣
֮޾׵¡¡ͣ
޵򲻶ϵ
ۿ޵ı仯͸ۣлеǽɫÿһλһ˿Կľ޵գɣǾͱе͸лɿ˯ĿޣȻսɫ׵羫ҲԵĳļ
л״Ҳֻܸ̾޴˴֮·Ȼ൱򵥡
ֱ֣гһգƵֱسɾͰͷлҲỳɵġ
ɫ׵粻ϵ֣һɿγɡ
ɲͨķ磬ǱȽɫ׵绹Ҫģ޽ӽʥĴڣûڵرܵĳǣŸ߿ϯȥ
䣡
һɫ绮

һϯϣɫȻ߷·ںһ߿գ˿
˷ϡ
ÿһɫ綼ϡ
лƾۿһԼܹǷ׵ĽϣӴ㶼عԴ״̬˴ϵġ
Ĳӣ߿֮Уķ֮Щ֮ͺһĽɫĹߣ·ţϵŰʱʱһķ֮棬һӱûЩʧȥ֮Ѿû֮𣬳ȥڡ
Ҳͷˡ
õһķ֮ϴЩ徹Ȼٶվ
ԭ֮ȼŵģҲ˵껹δһǰļ仹ڣЩ˸ŵһĨɫĵ⣬һ֮ţܹǲٿŻȻһ֮󣬵Щõȴܶ࣬Ȼͷǳˡ
ǡлЩ壬ԺиħعһЩһǷεģ
ڵħഫ˵
ħɱǵħĴħ˵ħŽܵϵ
ħǿʢʱڣĴħ幰ħһĴħػħһӵħ粻ַ
Ĵħĵû֪ǵʵǿı̬ȴǹϵģΪĴħܹõıħһħΪĴħչʮ꣬ΪľǴȫµĸΪǿĴħĴħսӵĿֲħһӵҳϣҲ֮ħһĵơ
зĸΪɹҲΪ£һͣ˵ǰͷģܹɨͷֵġ
αǰħصİʵܲ⣬ǿ߿ɴͷҲսʾ磬ǰһɫǾǿ޵Ĵ죬ֻҪˣһЩطɴͨħڵħѪѪðںϣһͷİʱս
ħһ͵ħųƷ޵УΪϵĴֻҪ̤أɽѭԵģħûʲôĵֶΣħʹͷ޷ǿйƣԭǷǴħΪγɵģʶħʧٵ䣬֪ٵľͷЧ
ɱһ˵ص㣬εս֪
Űͣķ֮£ֻǰңʮһƵС


1942  
֮ж٣壬Ľɫ֣һĿϯϣ߲ϵںϣɷ֮Ȼз֮£ûڣʹðÿš
µǣЩ֮ŵһЩ֮Ҳ൱һֱ֮С
ЩǰЩɲͬ
ǻΪ֮Եսλģֱӿ볤λǴ󾳽ĿԽ
ôİͣȻ˶˾֮⡣
Щʹ壬ħĸǷ׷׵ĺˣǿٵķأҪͰ˹޶͹Īص˻ϡ
γ֮л֣޵Ҳֹͣ˶Խɫ羫գ㽫޵ռָȻɨЩ֡
һ۾Ƴħ巽棬һĲˣлʩչ˵֪ĸɵˣȻ˵·켣С
ԣħ˶԰ʶҪ˸࣬ÿһħֶ¶֮ɫȻҲûȥᣬǲǵͬˣرǺڰһƬ߲㣬лĵͷΣûע⵽ˡ
죬쳷
ҪͰͻǧҪ֡
ûħѪ̼û֮ǰǲǷҵħ֮˵ģҲǽйģֻҪƣǺ͹Īسϻ֮ǰǻġ
ûйĪظ棬Ϊ׵һλĳϸ԰൱ʶϵؾ治Ҫ֡
Ϊ׵ħֶϢٵķɳš
елҲǼ˰ص㣬ͬʱҲڹ۲緽
ħ֪ͬ緽֪ص㣬һʼ밵֣İΧ
ʶ緽Ǳɱܡ
İ࣬Ҳûôʧ֡
ܿ죬ǱڹĪأ˹˻ˡ
Īأ˹޶Ѿۼһ𣬹ͬڵľǶ׵ģΨֲſⰵΧлġ
Ұһԣһѣǲݵľ棬˫Ψֲſܻ߳ȥϣ˫ϺѹأǱ˴˲ģǾǱȫնɱˡĪش
䱸ж̬˫΢һ¡
˹Ҳڵڱ˴˵Ĺϵ
ǽʱ̣Ҳ˲ˡ
Īأħˣ԰ʹ˵ӦñǸϤܶԸǴɱȥ˹ʵ
޶Ҳ˵ҹ֮ʱڲͣģֹȥǸ
֣жԵҲֻܺˡ
Ⱥелɫƽ֮Ĺעš
ΪⰵԵ޹ʵĳͣҪɾģ˹ҪɾɷħģȴΪ˰϶ԭ򣬶Һܿܵǣĳر³͵ģϾڵİͷͷĨɱˣֵܲģͨ켶λ廹û
һ㡣Īس
һ㣬˹ͼ޶ʱ۾
ʲô㣿޶ʵ
Īǳ
Χİϵѵģ׷׵￿£ۿİɱǵʵİܽĹȶģҪ˵δܹеһЩֲİ
Īأʱ㻹ԥʲô˵Ļ˸޷ȥûˣ㻹Űʲôοѵ罻棬ðܹ𵽶ã˹ȵ
Ͳ˵ˡ޶ߵ
Īؿޱ߼ʵİһҧǵڵĺɫ磬ʱֻҪݻǵۣ̱ȥ
ԡʹ尢˹𣬱ѩɫȶĿ֮£һϸܵɫʥȥ
ۡ
ЩһʥͳͳĻǰЩۡ
̷׷׵ıѡ
㲻𣿡Īس
ʹ尢˹ЦСĽǱķ򡣡
˫ϾǱȺȻıԷûˣʹ尢˹ľٶҲǿġ
ĪһţǹʱԶ֣ҪѶֻһɵĳɲȵֻ蹥ǵ۱ɡ
˺ȻӦ
а취Ȼˡ
ɱȥ˹ʵ
ɱȥǼܣ̫࣬вʵİȥһءĪ˵
أʹ尢˹ɻĵ
ĪسĽأеİͷҲԸеģǽУûаеӽȥҵеİҳͷµڡ
ûЦɣΪβ㣿ʹ尢˹
ĪߵΪҲоµĶҲС
У
лͷһħпĹڰļأȷһǣУжԷʹħãΨɱò֪
ħ岢֪飬ʲôĴħеħ£û˼ǣ᲻ҿ£Ŀǡ
ʲô޶ʵ
Īص
˹ͼ޶ͬʱУ˶һۣ˹˵ʱһѵ
ֹͷԱ¾ǾΪȥżź֮ѪԵʣʧˣûźȴõһ֮Ѫ㽫ħʯòɣʧץͷѪɱ֮ͨطƳɹػڽ⣬ǾصڴĪ˵
ԭ֮Ѫ
л뵽˿޵յѪڼܹ϶ȥǸطӦþص֮һѰңȴδҵνڡ
ʱһų֮嵱Ĺ壬սҲɫ
֪һڡĪһָ򣬡Լǰ׵ĵطɱȥ΢һ٣˵˹ʹ壬԰һĿãǰ·޶壬մɼҾвӦ
˹ͼ޶ԣһüҪϾλòΣյģһ뵽ĪѾ㣬ָ֮ǷĻǾ˵ȥˡ
лЦѣĪҲʡ͵ĵƣлоĪ޵ķʸģҪܾͶ£һҪ˵أ
ȻأȻкöΪʲô취Եõأⰵոճǰд뿪ǰȥĶܵģҪĸְɡ


1943  Ӷ
лûв֣ͰиţԶ빥ǳֹɱҲԷӵսǼǳµġ
Ǿڰ˹Ϊף޶󣬹Īؾе֮£ͬһѷ񽣣˺ѰķѸٵǽشɱȥ
ֻ׵ľ룬л۹ע֮¡
㿪ʼоǶѰȥ
͸۵Ĺ۲죬ܿͷһɽɽڲҲǽ˽ӣǳĿǧ˶ӵɽ棬һſһƬʯ棬ЩʯͬǴѪ
ħʯ֮Ѫ
лһ˿Ц⣬Ȼļħֽŵĵط˶ʱһţˢһ±ʧˡ

ڿɲܹʹõģд֮ģҲطܵӰġ
лȻ뿪
׵ľ룬ȫ֮£ֻǼĹ򣬱ǰ˵ء
ſʯ˯ĹҲǳɫľ磬лûκεвһ֣ǹĽǰѣһű˹ȥ
أ
սӽŵ׿ӿȥǹ㱻顣
лҲӦ޵Ĳ
޵óħʯ棬֮Ѫ͹ͳͳɹȥһжϣ޵ûзκεı仯лϸעУ˯ĿƤһ¡
Ҳͱ㹻ľյĻ޿ܻǰƵġ
ʰϣл鿴ľԾʲôû֡
ʱħĸҲɱ˹
лһ·ȺУԾУװħеһԱ
޷ҵڣɲЩҲбϾģǹĪصı֣лţһܹҵڵġ
һ˵ȱɽڡ
ɱȥ֮˶һ
Ǹոշɣļ޶ŭҪɱˣǲ
һŵúܶ˷׷׽䱸
ʹ尢˹ɻĿ⿴ĪأԵЩɡ
Īһ㶡
Ͽ쿴ħֽе
ĪѸٵĸϹȥ˹Ҳԡ
ǰͿħʯʧȥ֮ѪϻиɲĹΣɵ϶֪ôˡ
Īյĵ
˹Ժб㸡ָǰ񽣵лŭһɵġ
˭Īص
Ǹ񽣵ˣȥ磬û幥ܿˡ˹
Īü廹˻ţôܣڵսԽԽң˵ҪңȽв
ƽȻʼʮָ裬һ΢֣͸ħʯڡ
ӲɽĪǰһץ
ͻͻ
ħʯͷųһ΢ļԺԲƵһγһš
ĪػȻתһ˦
űȥɽڡ
ˣ
ѿڷźͬһ㣬͸ģܹΡ
ŷ֮İ̷һ׷׵ĺˡ
̼䣬ɽǰڣһĴڡ
Σ޶Ͱ˹˲ųһ
ҲҪɾ衣Īشֻǿռһ֮Ѫĺۼͨİвһͨ켶İܹƽƵģÿЩҵصڡ
֮ѪǷᰲȫ˹
ĪصȻ֮Ѫǵͷİӵģ֮ѪѾߣҲֻҵصڲС
˹ͷû˵ʲôл˸ĽŭȻˡ
Ƿӡģ޶ʵ
ţӡģаҹӡģ޷ӦˡĪ˵
аҹһܹĶ
޶ҳаҹࡣ
ŶЩѰҡĪشϲ
Ƕ˵һȥ޶Ըóһ壬ָðһɻ棬ǽеȻںϣŻûڡ
ʱһĨ⡣
޶ٵ֮˾Ϳ渡һֻŵص
裬ż޶һܣȻǰȥʼɽڷӣӹĵطɽȻһƬɫ
һȦ֮󣬻»عڡ
޶һָаҹڵء
˳ָȥһƬڵɽ棬ΨǸطǳѩɫġ
Īؼ״һָ
أ
ɫɽڱѿʱֳһƬһ˸ߵ͵ط
Ȼǰаҹռָʱ˾͸оĲˡ
ĪأھͿˡ޶˵
΢΢һЦĪشǰǰְĵطҰı档
ۣ
ĪһѪ棬ٵֻţѪŹĪصָγһţҲС
һ󷨱ˡ
Īغת԰˹˵ˣΪʥɽ󷨵ļͿɴͨ
Ҫҵ˹ü
ûĪصͷˣˣǾڣҪǰ
˹һҲ
лһֱ۹עţԵظоĪһ˿⣬һĺ⣬û˰˹˷֡
Ȼı
лЦҲ˾ͷʱҪɱ׼
оͷܣҲķʲô⡣

ҵȶɫʥ⸲ǹĪصȫ
Ȼνʥ⣬˵ʥףʥͬʥ⣬ʹеһֹֽʥˡ
˹˫ַתʥܿǰγһ޴ʥ
ֱңȻٶСʮ׵ĴС˷ŴΣСȭͷСȴǳʵˣ˹Ž׳ȥ
أ
ײѪɫ󷨣̷һӴ
ԭаҹาǵųħ⣬ɢȥƬɽҲڣһͨ
ǰ·Īص
Ƚ룬˹
һ˵ȱ׷׵Ľɽڣûһ棬ϾʱɱģԸ
ǽȥл΢΢һЦʩչ
ȽǰԼٶ׵ĵطһϢԷ֣Ȼͨǰȥ
ͨ⣬֮лѰȻδ֣Ψд⣬ܷͨġ
ͨܳ
лȻûܿͨͷҲ˵ͨϵĳȣ۹۲֮£ûзʲôƣ㷢ٶȣǰ쭶ȥ
ӲǴнףſǰ⡣
ͨµģȻбϣбϵģлĲ鿴һɽȥġ
ƮɵͷǰȻʡ
һ޴Ŀռ䣬̤УлͿ磬⾹Ȼһɽɽ۱ھġ
лȻ֣ɽطΧڡ
ơ
صǣȻأΪλû˷أ
лܿ㴥һƺ˾ɹȥҲܷ
𣡡
һͳлѹŤͷһֻĿռڣһа׳ľ޴ſڵϣӴĹ廷УһѽƯڰУ˸ŵϢ


1944  
ǹʵģһڹǽУеıѹǽȴɢϢϢȻͬ
˸еǣӴĹȻһЩѪ˿ƺͨĹǽڽĹ̡
˹һĻлĪ
̫ˡ
۱Źǽһĸо˽Ǻ̵ǽϣܹɾͨ켶񽣵ģľԵģ֮÷ϣ·ѽרΪ׼һ
˽ȥ飬֪ǿƾлĸожϣ˽ܿ׼ͨ켶񽣣̶ͨ켶࣬лӦĴڣȻҲʱͨ켶һʧȥġ
𣡡
̫ڹע񽣣лͽӴĹˣЩŭˣȻӣŭ֮࣬һɽսʸ
ӴĹҲվ
ǹҲǽڵĿıлһɹɵǿӹɢγɲɵĲΧ
ͨ켶λлȻ
ļԷǳ֮ߵġ
˻һſڱһħ⣬ɱлһβǺɨֵ磬ϵʯĻҳ
ͷܣ
л̽ͷͷųԼǰ
ֳͷľͷվڹǰֵĹͷǰȥֵĹҲȥ
أأ
Ƶ
Ϳǹħⱻ飬ǹβҲ飬һֱͣ
ʱŭ
ûʹУ屻飬Ӱܴġ
лΪƣȻصĻҳлһͷһһ
ǾͷܣȻȥ
ɱлܲˬĺȵ
ͷǰһ̣ٶȿ쵽˼£ǹĵڶιŸո׼׵ͷѾɱǰйͷҲ֮˹ȥ
أ
ӴĹͷǰȣʱԵڵأͷܵһͷͷ˶ͷǸˡ
ô군ˡ
ԾͷܣҲǺ޵ֿ
лó޵޴ľͱͳͳɣ޵۾ҲԵĶ˼£л첽ǹǽǰ
ֽǽץס
һɰϢӹǽӿһӳڣ䵤ﶼЩ

лҲûдŨϢ㱻ٵתΪսлľڣõһǿ
õϢ٣ǹǽɢȥϢͬܶࡣ
ƺǽҪͷųһϢֹܹͣл޷ȡ
ˡ
޵ľһգͬϲĹ壬ڿ޵ڴһһӱ㽫ЩɢȥϢ£һԶлĵڡ
ҲӹǽȡһϢ޵ڣʱʧȥϢĹǽ潥ĸһĨɫڽ滹֡飡
õ˶ϢлҪųȥѣΨмӿٶȵĴתս
ֻƬ̣л͸оԼһ࣬ڿٵС
ͬʱҲֳĹĪأ˹޶ˣǵٶȣҲǰӱɵ鿴ϢŨȣôҲҪһӲܹϡ
ҪֹͣϢ֮׿ƺư֮ףл彻ӣһ֮ܵƣɵΣˣֻܼٵ
ҪûǰǸöð
лƲѡ
˰ɣˣʵܲˣ˰ɣҲȷզأе˺ܿҪϹ
˼һǽ˭ߣ
һֻ֣ܶþͷܣǰ¶ͷܣ緽׼Σա
ϾͷֻǾͷɫĵز׼ͷ֣ƶʲô󷨣ǾͿþͷܱɱĿܣл뷨ҪͷܴɱһЩͷڰͷ泹׶һεģΰĿȣô¶ʵлˬ
Ҳʱͷ
ܲ¶;¶
ӹĺܿ졣
л˽̬ٶУѾӽɫ˰ɣΪо۷Ķ߶ȡ
ԼٶҲûô죬ؼϢԼƴӵ˾õϢתΪսٶƾ˼ʮֹδȵϢأ˼һ
΢ĺУĪȳ
İ˹
ܿһȺ˱㶼ˡ
۴ͬϲĹ壬һĻҳģץŹ񽣡
ǿлһ˲䣬˶ʶĵһ
ˢˢˢ
һʣ䱸֮ɫ
ͨǴ򿪵ģȻȻǺܾǰʹģǿлҳסһָо֪˶ˡ
лû뵽ҳһ
ֻƴشϢսڵš
ʱ
ʹ尢˹ͬɲĹԺиɽڿΣڿЩѵʯ壬ǸոնѲõ²ڣԺб㸡񽣺ָ뿪Ǹ֮ˡ
ȻڵˣҲͣǰ˹ǿҵĸоǰ֮˾񽣵ˡ

˹ͼ޶ͬʱе
˶һۣǶȷ֮ˣȻӲɣ˱ͬʱǰȥ̽ץл
˶֣ĪҲ̳˳ȥ
ǹ񽣣˲֪˵ʱպͨ켶񽣣һѴ񽣣ĻԻ͡
ˢ
лȻ۾һĨ貵ľ⡣
ͻȻĿͬʱһ𣬽
лڵһϢ׵սӿ»ָɣû鿴ȻɱΪɫģҲ˵볤ֻһ֮ңˡ
϶ܵĳƣ޷֡޶״ͺȵ
˹һȳ
Ƕл֮ǣ񽣶ȥˡ
޶Ҳȫٳ
λĪغȵˣ˫̽ץ˵ĺ󱳡
˱ͣ
Īʵ൱СģĿܱû͵Ϯ֣һɱģԶԣǸĹĪصġ
Īأʲô˹ŭȵ
ǼзݡĪЦеĵ
˹ߵгȻĶҪС
û޶Ҳͬ
˶лسɣлбȻıȻ͹Īطˡ
Īصĵ뻹ƽֵĺã˵رϾҵħ磬˵ףеĶҵħ硣
Щħĸַ׷׵ıʣһӽʹְΧλɫĸٵĪصıγɶš
Ż޼˫Ϊ棬̷ֱΪˡ


1945  
ŹĪµľٶ˹ͼ޶ɫ쳣ѿҲʶĪص뷨
䣿˹
ĪЦеĵȣ񽣹ң˿ռָڵĶҪȡһƽ֡

˹ͼ޶Ц
Ƿ·ЦЦ޶ЦĪأβɣȻҪصʵЦͬ⣬Ҫˡ
ŪˣҲǳ룬һܹ֡ĪЦеĵ
𣿡
˹ӵĵȻһ
ݣݣݣݣ
ĸѩ׵ëȻ汬ͬʱ˹ͼ޶ͬʱ֣˵ȭͷĪء
ٴ׼õġ
ĪرֳϾ˼ˣֻܱĳֵֿ
վڹĪɫĸҲ֣֮ʵȻѷɫ˹ȴҲǲ಻Խĵز
ͬʱ
ǵıĸëȴ֣ëȻõģնͬնɱ˿һ㡣
˳Ծһ˲䣬õëʵ
ۣۣۣۣ
ĸ־ëɱ
ǰҲһգ۵ĹܹĪضԿĴͳͳ군ˣ˹Īؾһ˶սֵľء
أأ
˹ͼ޶˶ȫĪص˫ȭԺ䡣
ʵ൱ˣֻ֣һ¾ͽĪش˫ۼѣܵ𶯣Ѫ󵹷ɳȥ
һ֣˸
ǲĪذᣬͬʱ޶ϱ棬ǽе𣬰˹ë˸ɫʥнһѳɫ񽣺ɱȥ
һڳλĸ˵Ǿɱ
䣡
һˣɱλ֣֮£֪ôĿֲһ֮£߸λħֱŰɱܵʮűɱ
ռƵħʱ
˫࣬緽ֻȶԷʮˣǳλԸһЩʱγս˭Ҳκβ˭˹ͼ޶ѹƹĪأһĪرɱħ巽ȻǱΧ˵ˡ
׼ĪѸٵĺˣͬʱŭ
˹Цŵʱ򣬾ͿʼоνȫߵֶˣߣΪһǻ𡣡
ããҵġĪĵҲ׼
ҲζȻһ貵ħ⡣
˹ͼ޶Ȼͣ䱸Ŀš
֪ħû˶
ˣǣ˹ŭ
޴ĪЦҷѾϳ谭ڰѾɱ˽ܿ죬Ǿͻġ
˹ɫ䣬ѵͲ±ɱ𣿡
ЦһĪصҵȻ£㣬ҲûиǣҴ˵ػһڡ
ڣ
л۹۲£Ȼûзνĳڡ
ʱٴβ鿴ܵȻ֣ǰսʱ򣬿ľȻǻڵλһɽǱ濴ȥô򵥵ģԾɴڡ
Ǿɱ㣡˹ĵ
Ҳǵ汳Īɭɭĵ
лǹһ˿Ц⡣
øԼˡ
˵˵ؾأΪֻ򵥣һһѹ񽣣еǣȴǺܴôؾԲ
Ҫ͹ĪغҳǸνĳڣܽصĵط
Īسϣ㲻֣ȫϵлЦǺǵĵ
һڣͬʱһ𣬷׷ת䱸Ŀ
лվŹ񽣣Ҳûнҳȥһȥҳ¶ĿܾˣĻ˫ĶԹ
˭Īس
лһѪҲǵħһӡ
ŶãĪشϲ
˹ͼ޶ɫ䡣
˿ɶлֹȻǸолʵѷɫܹ࣬סǵеһʱȫԵġ
£ĪؿǶĹ񽣺Ϳռָڵıͼı죬ĻȻðɱǣͳ˹ĪеĴ׸ˣĻᶼûУΨնɱĪأͬԿѰҳڣһ˹˵
ֻǲȡλֵеıˣǲҪѪˣҪıλֵܱĪŭ
˹ЦǿЦôģΪʲôȴҪ˵Ҫ񽣣ȴĿռָѡһȻƽء
޶Ҳ˵£Ĳ˵ѹ񽣣û뷨ֻҪûǣƣȻġ
ǣ񽣣˭֪ͨ켶ʧȥ飬Ҳ׼ͨ켶񽣣˽ѾȴͨʣͨޣΪԵ񽣣ǷΪͷ˭ģ˹
ǵĻлҲ¶˼
Īؼ״żſڱҪ͡
Ҳʱ򣬰˹ͼ޶һۣȻɱȥûйĪأл
ǶлֹһΡ
ǵжϣлܹǿסһˣκһ˲һеȫ̵֣ʱڽնɱȫȻһɱĻᣬ˾Ͳõ͹Īˡ
ȫٶҲֳ¡
ʹ尢˹Ըһˢһ±㵽лĽǰȭͷҲ׺ݵĴȥ
˼л϶Ȼ¶һĨõЦݡ
ǹװ˼ջ˳ֵġ
ˢ
˳ȥлսҲӿļڣ̱һʮ׳Ľ
˹һæȭ
ԾһߣֱϻһѪߡ
˰˹վлǰһб壬Ҳ޶ǰģǳʮ׵ĽζطһµĽۡ
޶ǹ䳤ȴԶûдﵽʮ׵ĳȣȵֻܻǹ⵲
꣡
ǹ񽣵ĽնϣҪĽ津ɴ˿ɼ񽣶ôķ
Žڼ޶ǰһԼ׵ѪۣҲǼ޶ӦĿ죬˵ļ٣ȻĻǱһƥˡ
֣лȵ
ὣ޶
Īηѣ˹ɱȥ
ˣ㱻ƶǵļ޶Ҫлץסʱˢˢʮɱļ޶ڽڰˣûлᷢԼѣƺأ΢㳶˿ڣʹ죬ǿллɱ۴У˿ڡ


1946  Ŀ
ϴ޶սл۷ɫǿȣʱ֣֮Եѷɫࡣ
лﵽ۷徳ɫĸ߶ȣ屶֮࣬ؼǣսҲʮǿʮ屶ĸ߶ȣ˵ʹлսٵ
ˣǹƽսлӵй񽣣ö⶷ҪάƽֵĵزѣϾʵ̫󣬿л͵Ϯһַ֣ĻᣬռϷ磬˵˴ܹѹƶ֣żװԥ˹ؼá
ҲܶʱıԸҪ
Ӱ׷ɣݺᣬһʱ䣬޴ĿռڣŹ񽣵ĹӰĺƵһƬ޶޷ʱ˿ڣֻܱķ
žžž
ǹֿγ˫ǹֵ֮ơ
˫ǹ񽣣̱Ǳնϵˣʮལ˫ǹͱն˼ʮ飬ֻʣŵˡ
Ҹƴˣŭļ޶ۿžԽԽȥ¾Ǳɱˡ
²˼ΣգȻһȭӰȥ
ȭһǳ׼˻ᣬܹһлŹ񽣵󣬽񽣻ɣ˱ɽΣ
һ֣ǰ˿ڳ۵ļ޶񷢳һƺߣѪֱǿʹ׺ݳ
㲻Слӵ
Ƶ磡
˵лܹǿ⣬Ǿٶȡ
ڵľʩչٶȣΪսȻҲмӳֵģоԵİգð˹г˶ʰ·ġ
ˢ
޶һȭա
ã
δ֣޶֪Ҫ⣬æתˣұ
ء
޶ȻлȻһ£ûطѸٵĺ˱һӱ㽫󱳸¶ˡ
˹ң޶
ҲһеȻԾȥ
лһݺݵɨ˳ȥ
һĿǼ޶ĲӣҪԴնһģһնϲӣԶ
ǰ޶ҲƵֱǰԵ
ϣ˻ӵһѡ
Īսİ˹˫ȭǿӲ˹ĪأȻȶë㷢ĺХȥ

ëһγһëݺݵײڹ档
ôһײлĽײƫ
ԭǺɨײ£ɴȥˡ
ۣ
һȥ޶Ǳסˣնˣ˿һֻлӦѸ٣ûǰһһ߳ȥ
أ
Ѿڼ޶ƨϣߵƳŵڵಡһ±ֱͦͦǰײȥ
ء
޶ͷҲ൱˵ãһ±㽫ʮ˸ײҺɳȥһͷײڴ
ͬʱǡɱ޶һͷײˡ
飬ϵķ֮ۿڵĺɫѸٵںֱ߿շȥ
ͷתļ޶ûӦǿһͷӣ
ܲ˵ȻԶȥ
һ㿪Ϳİͨڳɱ
ԭɱֺħǿֹͣսֱͰɱһ𣬲Ѹٵĺˡ
ĪغͰ˹ļսҲֹͣ
Żɱ۵ˣĬͣս
ĪһǰҲһħ⣬û¡
ټĿռʱҡ
ͿĵشŹڵλΪģԲٶƽ׵ĿռڣһԲεѺۣҴѺڳһڹ⽫˰
ء
Щڹ⣬Щ⡣
Ǿһζĳײڹ⣬ʱ㻯һƬɻң֮ͺɫںֱ߿ա
۰ʵǿǳģҲǻҷˡ
лһУԼжûĪ֮ԽŲɸĿĵģ׼ľٶ֪һж֮Уֻǲ֪ĪصĿʲô
İ
ൽʲô̶أ
ɻҵİѾ½һ׵ĻҳˣһµķɻҼԺԲƵġ
ͨ켶
ˣСģ
ʹ巽ĸ̾
Ƿ׷׵ĺˣ䱸
лע⵽ĪǹһĨЦͨ켶İƺ֪ǵһġ
Ȼͨ켶ڹһɻҡ
ڹ˰Ķ
лҲ۲ķ֮Ͱںϳգǿվۼ˿ŷ֣֮ǰĶǻҲ˵ʩչ˻ġ
ֻۿЩͰۼĵطȴʲô
СֵܡĪǰ
лȻһЦкηԸ
֪СֵǷϽ񽣽ңĪص
֪ʲôлúܿЦ׼ͨ켶ֻҪҵһʵ飬Ǿǻعͨ켶ģȻҪҵʵ飬Ѷȱҵ׼ͨ켶ʮһѾûʲôܹˡ
Ī΢΢һЦ
в
влû𾪣Ҳûо£ԾƽĺܣͿǵһ̣֮԰ĪأǲȥԼɥʧõڱĻᡣ
ҵ㻹ûǷߡлĵ
ĪعЦҵȷԣ˵Żһָ߿֮ϣҲ˿ȥӸ޶˵İ˹Ϊħ̫ϳǸż𣿿ЦҲ̫СħǿˣǸҵ찵İ취ɫ磬ǷѾӽʥڤɷ֮ⲻõưĻ𣿡
˹ϼһ鴤
ǾҲɵӡ
ҶƶԷֻǰ˹ļƻлƻˡ
ͷĪشЦ
ЦУд
һ޴ĵӸ߿׹
Ƿ֮Ͱ綼ˣõ֮󣬵Ѿʼȥʯ״ָ̬ЩƤģ
Ҳ׵ʧˣͳͳڹǰ
ŵֻһҵӣΩΩФͬһ㣬һصļУ˿ڽػָһ˿һɰӿȵļ
ƾлĪأ˹޶˲ϵĺˡ
ڷٵš
ָħ
ָħ
ôܣȻû
ȻˣѾˣ˹ͼ޶񿴵־Ȼָ֮ǵԴ˵һ²ըˣɫѸٵĵˣʹŵõ̱ˡ
лָħҲǱһ
һλݺ磬ںħаĳͷ


1947  ָħ
ָħħʱͷ֮һǵʱǳܹħа壬ȻܱȴħɱΪҪ֪ħǱΪǼʱһ˷֮һϣͷĴڡ
ħͷУûһڵģܹ֣ӵǶܹһʱλһˣԼսħսҹղһаܱħˣɱ
ħԣܹв֮УΨˣһԶʥʣһͷһָħ
Զͨħֱ֮Ҳ֪Զͨʵʵá
ħƳ˭¡
һָħһ˶ܹɨͷġ
лȻҲеһ˿£ʶҪͷͷųһɱˡ
͸лȴָ֣ħѾͨ켶λˣͷûдﵽأ껹ɫģؼһǣָħǳ΢·һߵ磬ʱϨɢ
˵ָħв
Ȼǲܵġ
ʯʰڿٵĻָӣٶȺܻлԼܹ࣬ѪҺʯʵģҪȫָ״̬ҲҪһСʱʱ䡣
ʯƤָ̬һɹɵڤɷ֮ʼɢһǿѹ
ڤɷ֮лȻûκӰġ
Ƕ˵ǾҪģͨ켶ֶ£Ҫ˵Щǿ޷ǳĸ֣޷ˡ
Ũصڤɷ֮γһƵĿָħΪĻ
лϵĻҳҲһӱ˸ɾ¶Ŀ
л
վлһʹֿлĿʱɴ۾ŵļе
ˢ
лһɨʹָնɱˡ
Ҳ׷׵ȥ
Ȼ㣬ѹ㲻ҵвĪسԾĵ
лʼ磬ûд

˹ͻȻЦĪأǧټƵĻ㣬ȴǱ˼֣˵Ǹô죬ѵͱСӣ
ɱĪغ
ãɱлȻٷеı˹ֱŹ⡣
л֣Ҳζ񵶣ټǹ񽣣ָȵĺö˷ܵҪˡ
Ψ˵ļ޶ѡ
а˹ˣ˿Ҳʧˣʹڣ޶ɣлɳ룬δؾڤɷ֮ﶯ֣⵽ڤɷ֮Ⱥ
뿪ĪһЦһӡ
һħ𣬾Ϳ֮ϣȻһ죬·һ㣬һͬʱֳͨ
͸ڿ棬յͷǰķľ
һжǻ
Īصһ˳ȥ
˹ͼ޶
˳ȥ֮ػڳڣлҪɱ
ģҲȥġлһЦ˻ӻ֡
˵оͷָܲħν޵еľͷûУҪߵĻˣ鷳ġ
ħˣʹĸַ׷׵Ӵܡ
Ƕ˳ͨ뿪ˡ
лΪܹ뿪𣿸㣬ָħѾѣҸˣͨ켶񵶣ѾȤħԶ֣ɡĪشЦ
˹ͼ޶ɫ䡣
˵ĻҲûϣõ
˻һۣŸôӦԡ
ǳҲֺܿ·գʱ濴ȥȻǳ׺ҹվɫԾǻ
ָħлĵ
ָħ沿һĨɫĵ⣬һ֮ӹ֮۾һ˫ģ·ﶼеħۣƺܹһУıҲ΢ĺͿ
ı仯ָħϼһƣӵӴˣԾͨ켶λĵز
ϸоܹط۷壬ﵽħǰ㾳ңң㽫Ļᣬָħ飬͸һ˲ĸо
оͷܣл治ԡ
֪ʲôǷֵðգлƽĵ
㵭Ȼָ̬ħҲһ
ϾѾ˯꣬ͷԿûԭôˣҪʱָӦ
ʲôָħȻڵʵӦлϵȷǳĿ£Ūǿжȡп
лԣңǷħģħڵħ絽Ϊͷɵ񣬾󸴻ġ
ָħüͷһ塣
ѯʣƽһΣЩС
ħֻǲˣԺûж֣ڰħ󸴻ᣬ㽫ıϡָħ
ѹħֻͬһָħϣԲŻḴķǳļѣҲడ
лŰģǵνĵǵħܿͻᵮľͷлԸ⿴飬ֻѾݻһʣҲˡ
ʲôָħлûлشԼ⣬ߵһɰƸѹȥŨڤɷ֮ҲѸٵľۼȥ
Ҫż˵лЦеĵ
ѹʧڤɷ֮ǻΧ
ָħĶлĿϬޱȣ·Ҫ䶴
Ŀлһֵĸо
ҹܹ»ع飬ԭǵõ֮Ͱ磬˵׻׵𵽸ҪãܹȤǾǰ֮ˡл
֮ף
һֱƽָħҲƲסľһС
׵ڣȻ֪֮ζʲôֻҪƿذ֮ףǾǺɨ޵ˡ
û֮סл߶λñ͸ͨۿ֮׵Ĵڡ
֮ף
ָħ۾ˣҲû룬ͷ걣壬һֱӳл
Ҫᡣ
ֻҪл壬ɽǰ֮ƿС
԰֮ףָħԣκζǿԷģǿܶŷǷ壬ŷǷõı嶼Էġ
᣿
л죬ΪþͷأںãҪһԼǾͳȫɡ
ָħһӱлüļȥ
ǸոճȥҪл̷꣬һȻ
һĨӲӵĹâлȫ
ָħл̼ı


1948  
Ĵ̼ѣǼˣҲҪͨйָħҪȥģȻһӾͽָħ˺ˡ
ƮɢڿȴѾǷǳ΢ǿ𾳽綼ˡ
ָħħҪɵֵľͷͨ켶λ꣬Ȼܲһһ򵥰򵥡л޵
ָħе㷢ˡ
ԭȴ꣬òҵᣬ»ع飬û뵽֮ȥӶᣬԭȻĲ
ָ꣡ħҧгݵĵ
ûֵڴһǰ֮ףһ꣬һɢܹɱ㣬Ȼҵ壬ǿЦл䳰ȷĵ
ָħĲ㳹׹ҵվѵģĻ֪ҪΨԼıˡ
֮࣬ɱڻԼԾɿԷΪʤġ
һ㻯һƤȴʯʣתΪƤڣлȻĿţûֹ
ĿָħָϴŵĿռָ
Ӧʲôɡ
ָܹħұµľԶǿˡ
壬ָħ̴߶ܹʱһɿ񱩵ɢѹлȥ
Ũܵڤɷ֮Ҳҵķлȥ
ڤɷ֮ȫлں
ǿֲѹɽ𾳽ѹȵˣл㽫ͷܸͷ˳
أ
ͬƶԿ
֮Ӵ࣬ͷ͸ո꣬ǿܹ߶ͨ켶λƵȣܶԿ
ǵĲǴϵľ룬һ档
ܵѹȵָħһҽУײһٶԶɽ棬ҵɽڳѺۡ
ˢ
ͷһָħǰһŲָħǰѹȵ޷ֺ
лڵǰЦеĵָħҼȻ뱾壬Ȼƾ̵ģ㲻Ӷ㶺˰ɡ
ͷܣͷܣָħлֻضžͷܣŵĵ
ͷ֮£
л״ҲָֽħŵĿռָժĶȤ
ҪٷļˣʲôҲòָħĵ
Ļ䣬һӿռָڴлæһףռָӳȥͿռָȻ顣
ʱ䣬Ϊڤɷ֮ɢ
ָħߵΪ¹֮ٶȻָ磬ͽռָڵһб任Ϊڤɷ֮ȻһˣҲõЩڤɷ֮
òЩڤɷ֮Ҳ㹻ͻоġлߵ
ߣҲֻǵõһƤëˡָħ˵꣬˿ͷܣͣٶԡ
лָħûд㽫ɱ
϶ɲͨͷԺм϶˵Ķлͷָħļ䡣
ͷܶԴһϲͨ
лһܾǿܣվˡ
ֱָħȴ̵˻ָ֮ħļ䣬ָ֪ħ壬ȴ徹ȻʯˣȻѡĻᡣ
ָħʬ壬л̾˵ĹǺֵþصġ
ָħô׵ȥˡ
Ϊ֤䲻ڸл仯ʬҲˣֻһС
飬лƣӦ׼ͨ켶ģֻƺе£лȻò
ˣ㵱аɣķӦܹܴսġлԼҲ˷ѣþͷʱš
ͷܽ
л룬ҲʱͷʹãȡͷľͷǾˡ
񽣣ؼУɴͷɫľͷҲδһɡ
ΨһлϧǣҪ̣ǽɳɾͨ켶񽣣رǿ࣬Լʵ㹻ˣҪϣϾԼСҪôͷܻҪΪѰһЩа
ʱģͷܱлռָ
ȱ֤뿪˵֮ǰȥħɽפڣնɱͷ֮ĴɣҵʺϾͷܵĶء
лЩڤɷ֮
ɶָħָ۷ʱڵڤɷֻ֮аǧ֮һǶлȾ˵㹻ġ
óƷ龧ʯ龧ʯ
ڤɷ֮л
ĹĪأ˹ͼ޶ʲô뷨һŲʣͷ
˴Ŀ꣬һҪ볤硣
ﳤ磬ء
лݱУħֺǿǱ˴˽䱸ţţһŵӡ
˫ʵѾƽˡ
ĪߵԵҪ࣬ܶʤ١
ַ֮棬ҲֹۣҪǼ޶лɱˣȥ˿ϣڵһʱ仹޷ָսҲܴܵӰ죬԰˹ûͬʱҲܼɵָħָħɱôǾ·һˡ
ʶ˫γɶž档
ȻҲûеĶţǰ˹һ֪иָħĿֲڣһʱ뿪ǰȥˡ
ĿȻϣİͷǰһ֮
ĪҲɵܽеϣָħϣ˵ҲƲָħͬ˻ȥˡ
˫Ĭͣȴš
ֻһȣʱ䡣
˵ؾħɽҲ̫ԶҪ뿪ȻҪأɳȥˣҲô׷ȥġ
ʱ䣬˹ҲýϢħɽ˰ɣ޶һ飬׼нĪأȻ󿴿ָħ
ϰ˹ֶΣ޶ڻָ˹ҲԾԾԣڴлҪ£һҪֱ𣬽лնɱŽͷ֮ޡ
ʱ̹ע˵ĹĪزȰ˹ͼ޶֣Ѿ˷׼ıˡ
λʲôĪĵ
ָħǶԲˣòãİͷԹٴ˵صģȻлеĶ׹˭ҲҪ˭ǿˡ˹Це˵֮ǰҾӦˡ
޶ЦȻ㽫ռָ͸ǣһ
ĪߵǾͲָħ𡣡
£˹ӵĵСָħǵģŶˣǴָħĶ԰ɣҲǻ˺ܶıɣ֪Щʲôء
ĪرŰ˹ˣǱҵġ
꣡
׼õȻŷ¿ƽʵɽضȻͬһѿˣٴͨ·лڵǸĿռ䡣


1949  ŵļ޶
ǸŵĹռ䣬˹ͼ޶ҲЩţˣͬʱǴŵ濴ȥ
Ҳɵӣָħ״̬ǻзǳµҲδܹ׵ĳ֣Ͼʱ䣬û峹׻ٵѾˣھ޴ջǰûߡ
˵ĿУ϶ĪؿռָڱȻرġ
Ŀ޴ĿռڸûָħӰлվЦеء
ָħأ
лôûأѵ
˵Ժɻ
ǹĪҲЩɵˣлţָħټһɲԤͷ
лΣʩչƵ磬
ͬ˵ĿռָŨȤ˭ҲԱ֤ǵĿռָûкö
лû뿪֮󣬱ȴ˼ˡ
ָħµһЩ˼ҿп޵ڤɷ֮龧ʯƷ龧ʯ֮£лԸ̤㳤硣
˷ֹгɣǿɫزﵽɫǿȡ
ǰֻ۷ɫĶ弶еһ˴սռȻɻʤãƽҲܣʵλɫ꣬лȻӲ˷ˡ
⣡
ĪؼʶľҪڷ
ٶлǰȻĺܶ࣬лɳ߿գˡ
лôûĪغȵ
˹ͼ޶Ҳ֡
лЦûȻָħˣأ꣬һԼԼŪˡ
˵ʵָħɱġ
ڰ˹˵ĶΪָħĴ˷»عǳ˲ģǿɲΪлģҲûⷽȥǡ
ð޶ĵ
лЦеĵȷܺðӵĿż޶񣬡ӣƤˣٰ⡣

޶ŭ
һɿ񱩵Ȼϱѹȥеҵȼţ·սɱڵıлǽµĵ涼һѺۡ
°ܽҲ񡣡лָҡҡͷԼ޶ȫӡ
һļ޶񼸽
ಣ
޶һɳ졣
лһߣ棬˫Ŀ˸űĺâǰˣթ뱻ģΣƽһս㸶صĴۡ
ˣթ޶˵⻰öͰ˹޳ܣͻȻ͵ϮңȻˣթ޳ܵģ޳֮ˣƽءл
޶̡
ʵʤ۱磬ȴԸȥ˰̣ŭһɱȥֻһĿ꣬ǾǱնɱлһͷ֮ޡ
ڰ˹͹Īضˡ
˼вͬ
˹Ƿ·𿴵лѾɱͼ޶лյĪڴлܹڱٻܣƽ֣밢˹˴˶ţȴԮ
ʢŭ֮µļ޶һ棬ſֲ͵ĳһֱǹӰ
ǹõģҪѷɫ࣬лûñҲͲĻᱻնˡ
ԳֱǺĴ
ಡ
ǹ·һ·裬طƶͬѩ׷ɣ¶һ϶л
˳磬Ƿǳѵġ
ȱںһأȻܳɹϣǷǳѵģʷļ¼˵ħģ˽һµʱ䣬Թؾлټ޶ﻹ۷徳磬ɲΪʱ䣬лܹΪĸ֡
ƫƫлǳ磬ǵɫĵز
лûȫ֮ǰûǿƳż޶
ȱٶȡ
ʵлٶһ̨ףͻ֮ǰٶȾͱȰ˹죬ȻӲ޶ĳٶȷ
һҶۣǹӰǿŭĴ󺣣ΣлƮȥġ
޶ȫһǹлҲٶһƵļޣûжͿӰˢһ±Ʈ뿪ʱǹŴ̹лУͺ̵ǰݹһһŸоǹµĲӰ
̫ˡ
ٶȷһˡ
лʧҡҡͷ
ٶȣлɵİգԼ޶һɱ
Сӣ㲻Ǻܿôһˡ޶˷ܵشĸоɱлûˣֻƴĶ
лʼ磬⡣
𾳽ͳкܴͬģӦһ±ȽϺá
ǲˣְ
СӣôͷڹˣҪҪС
㲻Ϊ˰ɣˣ
޶Ц֡
ձԼսҫ̨ûһظģΣһڴս
Ӧٶȣл׼Ӧһ
ԵĸоǾ𾳽ͻƣʵһתģԶսһ˿ķҲбǰ̶ȵǿоҲ൱ɱ䣬ҲӴࡣ
Ͳһˡ
ݣ
޶һǹɱϣ·𺣣ҪлճɻҽƵġ
ǹ⣬лָһ
߳ɵս
κεĶսܹлܹԽٻɱء

һ֮£ǹһ΢΢ЩǿлƮȥ׵ľ롣
޶Ȼѽ벻첻Ȼһ㣬ϧҵ
߳ѷһЩ
лָٵԾûκεĶУΨʮ屶ս
ųɵ

ײлٶȵͬļ޶Ҳǵ˵˭Ҳûռˡ
лöñЧôҵսӦÿԿԽ󾳽磬ԳλɫԿλɫ꣬ǿĻͺӦˡ
޶񣬰˹͹ĪֻǳλɫˣлĲҲԶ׼
㾹Ȼӵǿط޶Ȼ
ҪΪ֣ںϣҪܳʱģ޶϶лͻƵġ
˱֣л̾һԼ˼Ȼߴͷʧʮ֮һĵزԾû磬ħȸֵ⣬ֻǾԼðˣԶûоʮսʵʱѾں˶֪顣
ϣлҲԸ˷ʱ䣬ֹһָҸ㣬ʲôš


1950  Ҫ͵
ŵļ޶лӣǱԼɱĲҳֻ֣ܡƴĶ񿴵ܹԼ⣬ҲֻǾͨطʱˡ
ʱһطضʧȥЧá
лģΪͨطʱʵҶԿ𣬲֪ߵغҾ֪ҵ޶ЦгǹյָлһѸٵĴǹȫҪУһУ˫ڶУıӣУҴϹ۾
лնļ޶˶л裬޲ýһĶˣŽޡ
紵޶ͷл˰̡
ðɣҾͳȫ㡣л
⣡
޶гǹ㺮˸ٿȻ̳ٶȻǹӰĿл˫
𣬶ǹ⡣
ڱ˿ǹ趯лУǹֻһٶȺģ͸ܹǹ̵ҡš
Ƶ磡
лλζٶȹ죬ԭһӰοǽûκαʩչȷʩչʱ򣬿˽һ
̫죬¼޶޷֣ǹ۵һ±вӰĶ䣬ͷһЦ
Ц𣬲Ӱɢ
޶Цݵʱϣ֮ʹæһԼҶȴֶûˡ

ʱ򣬼޶·ηѵĲҽ
ٶǰȫԶԳλɫĸɱĹлҲ֤Լʵ
Ҹƴˣ޶񷢿Ƶĺ
һе趯ǹɱ
·ŵİ˹͹Īضһۣ˵϶һĨ֮ɫ˹ִ̳һ˵Ĺâ޶ϣͬʱճ֣лȥ
лҲκεıȭ׶ûóǷĳǹֱ̹ץ˹ȥ
أ
ץǹ⡣
ˣͨǹڼ޶֮£Ҳܹͼսʼǹķģлȴκεá
޶񣬼סҪ͵һлЦеǰһǰ˹ĹҲ֮գǰһȭȥ
أ
޶ǰһȭӡλҲһɾȻ඼ˣҵĲҪƴķһȴûҲӸ߿յ档
лɫȻĿ˹ˡ
ಣ
˹һԭأĪվһ
˵϶¶֮ɫ
ѾܾãȻ˴˵޶񲢲ǿԲġ
лּܹ佫ɱôȻҲǲܴˡ
Ψֲܹлһս
Թһսȫ˹ȵ
ħ֣ʹǿߺַ׷׵ĵʣңָлҪһ
籩
ĸ֣һ³λɫǿҲδܹȻлʩչٶȶġ
ѡɱֶΡ
лҺ̬˵Ǵﵽ˳λɫǿȣлڵʵ֮Ĵ̼ûаʣȫҲڳʱһƾԼǿ󹥻ˡ
üһ⺮˸
һʮʹâŵĻγɣ԰Բε̬ѸٵɢȥҼٵ
ˢ
Ȧٶȿ쵽˹˼ûзӦ
·΢棬ޱȡ
ȦЩӹ̻֮Ϊɻҡ
ߣ
˹һץסĪس
ǶԹĪضôãûйĪأֻһˣлӵô˴αɱҲǱĨɱˡ
նյĶһ١
ǵЩ¾ûˣͳͳɱûһۼ
𣿡
˳һл֮͸еԼĲһлסˡ
ΪƾǵʵܹҾ籩ǰߣҿһЩеĿռָҲűٵл
ƴ
л˲ӱ㱻ˡ
Ļᣬ׼ߵΨһ·ߣȺԣܸǷĻᡣ
ԴЩȫɱ
л㽫˹Īغͼ޶Ŀռָͳͳ
ȥռָĽƣĶͳͳó鿴лЩʧ
ȷЩö簢˹ĿռָڣȻһѸ߼սʼǷͨ켶ҲǺö֮԰˹ʼûʹãԭһԵģã˽Լս
оǼ޶кö١
ЩƷֻģӦԼģõһǼ޶õ峤糤߱һЩֲᣬҪԿɱʲôͨսʼˣʥеһЩˣȻһЩַ
ڹĪأĿռָħܹڤɷ֮ģļĶлϲȻѶʲôôġ
ϣлϸ߿գΧ
˼絶񱩾лţҵͷ°ǧأ˴αɱ죡
Ȼ䣬һͬװʴȻңԶķ򴫵ݳȥ
֮ħ硣
ͷֵѹһ磬ǾͷܸǺޱĴħÿһ䡣
Ҳǰлһ¡
װ㴫ݣһֱʣ߿ըѣѤõĹʤĹ˷ɢȥԲǧλø
Ҳ˵ħɽʼǧ
лҪ뿪ǧͱƳͷʩչ
𣡡
лĿıҪͷܱ¶֮ʱǷһΣԵİͷǣû뵽ǾȻƣǴ̼лսѪڡ
׷Х

ͷţлˣлЦ
ʵޱķܹͬ𶯰ħģ˶
ǿƵľٶʱ䶯
ħֵĿⶼͶħɽȻ˭֪лƾʲôڰͷа塣
ǲ
лߴͷʮ֮һ꣬Ǳչص飬Ҳģһʱ䣬ħĻⶼлͷǡ
лͷųͷܣȫװģЦͷ˭ǣɱ
ͷܣطħɽ
;Улͨ켶ħĸطȥȻǶǵõ˹͹ĪصĴŸϹȥģл֮£ɷǣȻõıǷ֡
лö֮ľħɽ£פظ
ħɽʮףһۿ塣
פλħɽ´Լһĵط˵ħɽڽľͷǾʩչҲǳ޵ľ롣
Ҳɽˮ㣬羰˵
ԭǵħƾɫģԴ֮פ󣬴˵ؾŨ֮ţʹþɫӵˡ
л΢΢һЦսͷų֮еϢԭлս֮ͨ׹ȻҲ֮еϢ̤פڡ


1951  񻰴˵Ŀʼ
פռʮķΧҳֵһֵפֶΣʹ塢塢壬Һ׼ǽĴԼʮóǵʮΧġ
塢ӥ塢аȵȣǶפ˴֮ļ϶еġ
һֱлԵĶԿǿҲǸеһЩ̾ЩûоͷԺ⣬ȴŰͷģҸݵõʾҲϸƵġ
оͷǳȻ巽ˡ
һǾǾλͷͷ֮УһѾﵽ˰ͷĶ塣
ڶǱһλͷ
ݲȫͳƣϾܶ壬ʵϼпһͷǱ˲֪ģ׼ҵĵλӵģ磬һʮ˼֮ࡣ
Ҳ˵İͷ½֮
Ȼ巽İͷռ֮һҡ
֮
һһ¶Ļİͷȫܹһ磬ͷҲԶԿġ
ӵоͷܣҲԺľͷ⣬лͽĿЩͷ㽫ЩͷܵնɱһεϾ
פأлɲҶˡ
ͷɲͨͨ켶֣һۣȻܹӦҴ˷ԵħɽڵͷİͷУǲͷɫ꼶Ķ
лðյġ
㶯Ķͨ
õĶܹͨϴóģ۴ﵽǳߵĵز
ʵĶͨķΧҲǲϵģҲѾﵽ׵ĵزʲô紵ݶǰġ
˵ػһôǾǲл
طͷֽˣ˵ȴûУҲ֪أԭ
лͨɵı㵽׼ҵפڡ
ǰϹʥֿʱἰ˷ǰ׼ˣȫǴһϵģΪҪħɽľͷо˻ѾҪħɽ棬һ֣ȻͻԱл֮ƽ״̬бĵزȴһϵİͷǰģû֧лҲ赣Ļдɱ
ƾĶͨлһֻ˵ڡ
ڵˣһлͲ࣬һļйͬ沿ֻ¶۾׼ӵĳԱ
׼֮࣬ǴһϵľÿһԱǶǳģܹɵӳ൱ڴɼ֮߳ɵնɱͨ켶֣˵Ǵһϵ֮һ
л˱֡
žž
˫ֿٵ˵ĲӼһ¡
߶ûߣû˺лǽ£ʬڵ£Ǹ̬֮ϵԼϡ
ˣл»صڡ
ĶͨҲ鿴ܵΣ׼פڸƣͨ켶ֲ֪ж٣ЩĸֶȵģϾ˵ħɽѹƵĿͷ£ͷͨ켶ķչҲ֪жˡ
ͬħɽǵħȵħǿһЩĵطĽأЩ˵ǸǻǸδ֪巽Ǹӡ
ţƺҪˡл͸ĶͨԽԲǧ׷ΧڵһиʵʵͼԺУǧֻ
˲ãͷ׼Ҹֵг˶ʮĸ֣аͷ죬мճĵطȥ
лţ׼˵̸
˵פأǴҲûǱǵĽ̸ûʲô
лʼһЩܵ顣
̸׼ҵ£Ǵһϵ˥Ϊƽ⣬׼һأٷģս£ԼһϵΪ
̸۵ħڵƣħûģʲôĿģħʹʲô
ȻҲἰлģıֵΪ˲ãҲ϶˴лɣͷʩΪ£Ҳ·ˡ
̸۵ݺܶ࣬влԣǲ֪ģֺҪģȥлһҪĽ̸
ôѪҪɹˡ
ǰֻҪɽ٣ȻѹħɽħѷҲ԰ĶԸˡ
ɲ̫öԸҪеڶɽĻʤ㵹Ǵܶࡣ
ɽеڶͷפأ˿ɽѷɫ٣Ҵ˵ͷԶͨ˵УפѹĻҲкܴϣѹġ
ҵǰˡ
ͨ켶λֵĽǻڽҲسԶˡ
лĳȡ
ɽͷפأǿɶ񻰴˵һЩط
ͷפػȽһЩдɫʵɾɽ磬ɽǾǳɾ;ͷ֮أֻҪʵ㹻ֻҪĻԵ̫ɽкܴļʳΪͷͷУɽɾ;ͷ֮ġ
ɽʱĳһʱƾյһͷģ֮˵ƾյΪͷ˵һֻǿķѳɾɷû뵽ֻ˰꣬˱ɾ;ͷ
Դɽע⣬дǰȥѰкܶľͷǣУɽĴսϣȻƵħԶɱǰµͷǾͷȷ֮࣬ؼǣʱεĴģͷ棬ɽеģɽ˵̺ľͷ֮ѪӵпԵ߸һıʵħ޾ͷ֮Ѫͷ֮Ѫ滨ݣܹŷ˼Ĺܡ
лյļУϹʥµģбɽģħļУҲɽļ¼ħ̽ɽ֮˵һЩݣǾɽħ޾ͷ֮Ѫ
ʱħ޾ͷܶ࣬ǵвʮɵģѪħĽģƣݵĶ࣬Ҳͷɽɱģħ޾ͷ֮Ѫ
ȻҪɽתƵôֱʰлҲòĵĴָ
ǵ뷨һʵ֣ҲȷЧˡ
ɽħɽ붼һĲ񼣡
лʩչפĵλãʱҲˣΪʲôﲻ½ˣΪҪɽġ
ǰԼʮأǰĸ֡
巽ĸ֣ǿߣǧˣʵҲͨ켶ġ
ǵǰһ޴ģһ߼ʵ󷨡
󷨸ǷΧʮ֮ˣ󷨵ǶҪġ
ͬʱפΧͻأһɫĹ֣ͬٲһ㣬פظΨǿճģͬ¶лʱ֪ɽٿ¾⼸˰ɡ


1952  ɽ
ɽĽڼפڵĸֶʱħɽһĵħַͻ
ɴлҲףΪʲôͷֽǧطˣΪûʱԳ֣Ψɽ֮󣬲ſʱԼУֵһСɡ
ȻңǺðɣҲǣˣǲνɽҾӶɽϵЩһӶգǵɽƻʧСлЦ
ͶɽѾõģл٣Ȼǲġ
ɽеħɽߴʮףҲһɽߵ㣬ЩµĿռ俴ӦֻǽɽһСŲƵħ磬Ȼħɽͷġ
λ׼ɣڴڼ䣬κǰŵġʹͷ
Ļ£˷׷׵Ӵ󷨷ȥ
ÿһ˶󷨵һ档
ܼһǧˣ棬ϸĻעⲻǿʼִ߶󷨡
һʩչѸٵɢ貵ɫâǻפصɫ໥ϵţ˾ħ緽İͷҪֳɱ޷ɫػԸŵǡ
˴ʩ˵Ƿ
ɹǱҵİ취ϾǿвĻ
Ĳôʩչһͨ쳹صգﵽΧɫߵ㣬Ȼһ£ճһѺͬԲεĶڣֱӳС
һʱת󷨡
֮΢˵ǿռϵġ
СʱͨľͷŴһĺ춯ǢɽԴɽתƵжʽĻ
лҲȻǱ
ڴڼ䣬ҪƻףһƻƱؽƻϣȻǾͷܱɱˣлɲðգοɽϵĶźܴȤأͲ˼ҽɽת
û£лŲ鿴·
ܿע⵽󷨵ҲԵҲзǳɹ۵ãֱһֱһǧ׵ĵزɫĹ·һĹߣŵĹΣлжϣ¾ͷܶδسܵ
һǧ׵ĵطл½һٶףɫûʲôˣ￪ٳһ޴Ŀռ䡣
ó龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯл
Ҫ֪ִܹ洿֮߷ģʶųħ
ɴ˵ǵħʥĵط֮һħҪطǿʢʮ౶Ũĵħų֮ȻǵħŨľ֮ıԵشˡ
лó龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯյħٴγģԺǷǳġ
㰲ĵ
һʱ䣬лľνͻͽÿÿץסǽеĻᣬͻԼ˵ٶȣǰ޹˵ģΰңҪԼĳɹ
һʮڳλɫǿȲ
Զԣٶȡ
һգл粻ǣȴ룬ռָڵĿ޵ͻͻĲϡ
޵ԼռָƯڿС
Ǳһ㵭ĺ˸ţлȥעӣȻ֣ڵСС޾Ȼ۾һ϶
ƺѡ
޵лһȦ֮󣬱ͷųһлűл龧ʯ
лһϽ龧ʯͼƷ龧ʯ
ոлͱ޸ųƬɫâ֮УҪͷųͷˡ
ɫâǿֲһǧͨ켶ϸʩչģвͷҪĿǣɽǶҲ㹻κһͨ켶ָնɱġ
֪޵ĵȻһĨĹνлȻɫâͿ޵жκε谭
ˡ
ˣ
лԺиֿ޵Ӱϲĵ
ģĿӰ̾ţЩ˯ĵһԶδѵʱֻǸӦܹҼٳɳЩĶҿԲŻʱʱ̫ܲġ
ԭɽһּ٣Ķġл˵ţо֮󣬻
ڿ޵ʲôлǳȤ
޵Ҳ֪ҵȫɳٻн֮һĿǰ˵ͨ켶λɱǿġ
ɣлŵĵ
Ҳ˵֮ɱɱͨ켶λǰͷ
Ȼлϣ˵δĿܹʵǾͷǸճ϶̫ߵģϾҪһЩʱġ
Ҳ֪ԺļǵãҪˣͻȻֽǢηǳǿϴţһΣԼǵãɱߴͷʮ֮һʱǵ꾫ҵõˡ޵
лһ
߾ͷʮ֮һ꾫ȫԶһͷɫ꣬һһͷɫĵزеڶεϴǿ޳пֱӳɾ;ͷ
ȷֻɱͨ켶λ֣л׷ʵ
ǰͷɫ꣬Ǿͷɫ꣬ɱͷɫǿߵġ
ҲǣΪֻ֪ͨ켶λֵͷΣ޷ȷû취һĽۡ޵
֪ˣ֪ˡлеԼڼӿ졣
аٷ֮ʮİտ޳ɾ;ͷɫĸ߶ȣεɽȡ֮󣬿ܴﵽԸӵĵز
߾ͷʮ֮һ꾫ȡûд̼ĿѰɣɽȴǰˣȻֻһСʱ䣬Ѿ֮ˡ
Ҳ˵޿ɽٴηɱ䡣
ʱĿ޽ᷢı仯޷Ԥϵġ
һǧ׵ľ룬ԽǽӽرҲԽǿ޵ɢɣȻлоκεв
գۼ䣬Ǳر
Ҳǵرһ˲䣬һɽ
߶󷨵һǧѸٵ뿪󷨣ñɽѹлδʹ޵ȴлֱӳǼӲɽڣлƵá
ֱ׵ĸ߶ȣ޵ͣ
лҲһĨɫĹθһƬ
ˣɽ޵
ɽлȻļвûѰν˵ô֪ɽġ


1953  Ŀ޵
ɽл֪ͷʱ䣬ǵȱŬδҵɽû뵽޵Ȼ֪ɽлȲѡ
лѯʣȻ֪ҲԵġ
ɽҵڶαϴʱյؼƬеģţڲǰ޵
ǰƬ
лȻ뵽׵ĳͣû´ĻĵڶϴӦڽɫ׺ڽеġ
ֻǴο޵ı仯лҲδ֡
ǷˣҲ֪ҵʱججģܶ鶼ģ֪ҽʮƬԵġ˵
лͷ˾Ͳˡ
ܹһӾۼôƬҲΨ׵͵ʱ
׵ͺεȵķôĿֲ޾Ȼ֪еҲǿ֮
ЩƬҲ۳һ壬ħ޵壬һƬǿͷһˣ˭Ҳ̫ȷļƶϣӦɽˡ˵
ڶʲôлʵ
޵ȱȫһЩڵļ䣬ǿܹƶϳĶʱɽǲڵģ֮ԵɽΪ褴ﵽ˾ͷΪĵزͲһţɿԽͷľ磬Ҳ޷һ˼뵽İ취褾ĸƺҲǾͷĴѰҿԽһŵİ취Ȼ취ǷģɽǷһĸһʱ佨ģշҲѡɽΪͷ֮Ͼ֮ء
ɽչһǧ꣬δܳɹȴһЩѪİɽ뿪ģĸפش˵أշ褵ķԸѼһЩĶΪ褿ܻع׼շ˵񣬽ȴʧˣԴʧȥټͷֱȥҲɽڣ۵ľҲעɽʮħ޾ͷɽѪ֮䣬֪жɽѰ໥ɱıĵһж飬侫γɽİ
ɽȻǣ褣硣
лڵĶеκġ
ɽģһ֣ǽˣ˼͵ħôҲǻᱻɣл
Ҳǣ͵һ˲䣬һ䳶ˣϾףڼ䣬ľ飬ɽۣ֮ɽڡ޽͵
лüëһʲôȻ顣
޵ϵĲƬеóĽǡֻؽ磡
ֻؽ磿лȻ
Զʥһ磬Ϊ˻磬ԼҲԼԶͨͷһġ
ţֻؽ崴ģ֮ǰµһֻܹɾΣͲˡ˵
ֻ֮
֪ΪʲôлĪһָνֻ֮ͷ֮ĳֹ
뵽ɫת֮˵
ʲôϵ
лһ£Ҳûʲôͷʱͷѹ£ĿǵɫĹ棬ɽڡ
ˣɽڣħ޾ͷѪΪں羫ɵģԶħһźܴãԲûôõĻЩͷµѪħ޾ͷѪں϶ɵһܹ׸ıһʵѪ˵ǰݵһѪڵħɽҲһΣѪҲ˵ް
˵Ż޵һֱһѪлС
޵һӽɽ֮ڡ
лһѪܹӦһɰƣսսһӱ㽫һѪ뾭֮ڣ͵ؿʼ
һѪ壬л㱩ߡ
ԭΪһѪͷľѪںϣǱϾ಻֪ˣӦö̫ǡ
壬ѾǾоͷһ̶ˡ
֪һѪ룬лʱһֱӽʥ֮к濾ĸоǴⱾӦΪĵطʼ濾ζݣǵʹһݷ·ЩЩĸо
ζлߡ
ԽˣлҲԽ˷ܡ
ΪͱһѪлŷǳİܹ壬Ǵȵ
ͣ
лҧأһѪ׻ɢȫζЩʱʱûȫλãϴԵظоڴ̤ǰš
л֮ʣؼһĨӰ
λãһצӰһѪתģűһƻһħӰˡ
˾γľ档
ܿ죬һɽӰֳǺͻڸɽۣ֮ʣХ
л֪飬ȻȻ̾
νĻħȻǱһѪлħ޵ľѪνɽͷĸһԵǿߡ
̻ɽ
лľܣһ
ֻһ㵭Ѫɫʼڿʼɢظȫʹ·һѪС
ֱ֮ɽһҡ֮Ѫ뿪ʼѺۡ
ʱ䣬ڵħɽȶıһɽҲʧҾڵħ磬ɽ֮ͬĶħų⣬һ㣬ͿɽĲ
ˣ
һƵ춯ֶһ¶ϲ֮ɫӵɽ͵ӵ˳׵߸ħ
Ƿ·𿴵ʤ⡣
˴жʵȨİͷĬ´ѡֽפɽͬʱǲֿʼѰлټ
ž꣡
Ѫɫѿ
лٶֳӿһѹǲı֣Ĵļ
һֱл嶼ֻǴڳĽ׶Ρ
Ҫﵽ壬ѣǷǳѡ
񣬾һѪлоѾﵽвĵزɾ磬ҲǺңԶˡ
ʣǳһУδܹл˺˵ŷǳãлɵħٶȸˣԺ
лһ塣
žžž
ȫĹ춯
վ˫ĿԾɽţʱԸоͨһѪƺɽһ˿΢ϵ


1954  ʼж
ͨһ˿΢ϵɽϢ;д֮ģԵлԴ˸ԡ
йѩɽľ飬˷ٶȸ򣬵ʱͽǿֹͣרĵͶУľޱȳһУĶչˣûһ˿ıȥӦɽϢ
һӶһεġ
һζ򣬶һԺĺôͻҼޣﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
лԥķ˼룬ȥɽͨ
飬ࡣ
Ȼ飬ɽľ
ݿɵþɾͷǷɽʹȻƻľ㣬£ҲЩ仯ġ
ɽһӡ
ڵ̫Զˣõľ̫ˣܹ磬ȻֻؽӶȥ¾ͬ仯
ֱֻ仯еޡ
Ϊ޷Ӧģ֮лӦɽϢһЩŰϢԭҲܼ򵥣Ǿǿ޵ȡĲ֣ѹƵͷųˡ
Ȼ˵ˣνɽϢ׻˻޵Ϣ
Ͼͷģ˺ħɽ䣬Ƭһ̶ȵϣҲγһȫµֻ꣬Ҫﵽһ˵˼״̬ǻ֪Ҫٰء
һͣǾ׵ǰĴڡ
лɽϢӸܵԿ޵ǳϲõ飬ƺ˿ĵ뷨
һͷ
ɣл˫̧
޵΢΢Ĳ
лٶȸ̻ɽģӰ񣬸ļɢȥ
Щ͸ɽ䣬޵ҲͷųɵǿֲľɢĹΡ
̼䣬лһһоеĸо
һ̧
ɽ΢΢ĲȻ뿪˵档
һʣʱиֵľǷ׷׵ɽ鿴ϣҵʲô⡣
ȴû֪׵лͿ޵ɽڲء
̫ǿˡлĵ
޵𣬡ˣɲ
֪ɽ㣬һѪáлѵĺܡ
һѪһٰʮˣȫɽΪһģ˴ܹٿɽԭռܴһ֣ʱ䲻̫ⲿ־һϣҲ޷ٿɽˣҪ־졣˵
лЦʱжˡ
һɽڳʱ˿̣Щݵģͨ켶ϵͳͳľۼɽܣ鿴ʲô⡣
ɽȻֻɽһС֣ҲռؼʮصģǳӴ󣬱ͨĸɽҪΰܶ౶
һֱפڡ
л֮ѡȶ嶯֣Ҳԭģӵħӵа֮׵£ͬʱ߱ȻɵУϵΪձ飬ľϵΪϡС
ļʮУ巽пܾм֮ġ
壬޵Уͬ׵ĸУǷǿģҲѲģԵУԾѵķԡ
лϢפء
ʱ˿̣ͨ켶ϵĸֶѾɽҷɽԭΨгµĸפ˵أҲһ䱸ģ
פغɽʮ֮ԶҲ۹۲ķΧлҲͲĿۡ
֮£פе֪ˡ
Ҳһһˡ
һλĸ֣˿һڿأ滹۷ĸػţֶڽ䱸һݲ֮ˡ
лʩչֱð
ž
ģ̫ǿҲܹ𵽲ŵãϾפأҲΪ͵Ϯ
һ¾ͱлײˡ
˭վ
ľлУʵԹвοл͵Ϯʽģ˸ոտڣлѾץ˹ȥ
أ
һѱץס˵Ĳӡ
ִʧɫŭһһɰ㼤ŵɫâϼлϺȥ
֮
лһ˿Ц⡣
ܹ嶼䱸ʱ򣬻ܹţɼݲһ㣬ԽˣյļԾԽ󣬱Ͼɲ࣬ʲô˶лõġ
׼õһץ

רŶԸֶΣлһѽǼ֮ץסˣʧȥϵһҲױϡ
лӿһɾ˵ս
䣡
ǿ֮£̽ݻ١
лҲ֮ʼȥƿؼ֮ӵħǿԿͬԵĶġ
֪ոս֮գ֮΢΢һ
Ǽ̱֮ɢˡ
ɣħѵУǰ֮׵ļѾ̫˵ԭ򣿡лɻ
ĶҲ۷弶֡
ǴͿҪ˺ʬڵأʱŭҪ
ſûڣлˢһ±ǵĽǰ
ߵٶȱƴǾǾٶȺͨٶȵĶԿһ棬˵ûովѣлƱץס˵ĲһǾͶˡ
ûһƵϢɢ

л״һץ㽫ɵץУʧȥ˵ˣ»عؼ䡣
֮УԲлֹ
㿪ʼȥƿ
һΰ֮׺޷ӦɾȻľͱлˣ˵Ȼɵͬ˵Ķ֮ͬףڵڣɾǻлǳɫĹ棬ȫ
лһǴɾ䷢ȫơ
֣ô£ɵӵУ֮ȴǲԾ߱ѵ˵̫֮ǿӵħҲ޷ӵԵļ𣿡лΪĵ
ɻʱһŭŭ
ʲô˸ɱҶ
֮һɿ񱩵ȻһӾͽݻˣ˻ǧ׿ľ롣
ǺȻһͨ켶λɫǿߣʱҪͷġ
лвɱĳ֣˵ĶӣĹɱ̸֮оɽɱġ
лͨ켶λԶԶĿлʱһС
лһ죬ڿɲǱ¶ͷܵʱǽɽϵЩǸһ뿪Ȼȥ֡
Ͼǧͨ켶ϸֵĻͷҲͷ۵ģпаͷڵģǴ˴Ϊֳͳ˧Ĭ˿һֻ̤ͷ磬ϣΪͷĴڡ
ߣ
лһţû£尤ķפسȥ
ܣûôףͨ켶λŭһ֣һƬɫĹ£ڸ߿̾ͿһӰڵ´Լʮ׵λŷҷȥȻٶȥͬɱȥ


1955  췭ظ
Ѱҵ֮˵ַлõ࣬еİ취ֻһͬ㣬ֻʮ׷ΧڵˣʧЧģлֻڵʮ׵ĵط
Ŀĺܼ򵥣մ뿪
ԭ䱸ŵҲһӺ䶯ֽ˷˸ͨ켶λ׷ɱȥֻǵٶ̫ܿͱ˦ûӰˣϢԸӾ˵ٶӳȥ
ͨ켶λɫ꣬óٶȵģǵҪٶл׷ĺܿ죬Ҳһ˿Եͷ
ڵٶѾﵽһǷĵزɾΣҲ̫
Ƶ磡

лһӱӵٶȵİӵޣͬһ˲Ϣһף׵ĵز
ܲˣͨ켶λŭ
ȻóٶȣǾʵǳԽл̫̫ˡ
ֻգۼ䣬׵ľ룬лľ̽׷Χڡ
ÿ찡
лͷ𺳡
սͳͳͷųûа㱣ļ
ٶٶȵõʱܴﵽٶȼˣʮ׵ĸ߶ȣͬһգۼǧס
ѽ
ͨ켶λּһĻЩɵۡ
ʲôٶȰǲóٶȣľ磬ͨ켶λٶ͸֣Ҳаһ׷ϣҽԷá
û뵽лô󣬾Ȼ˾׵ٶȡ
ٶȣȥºųٶ˺͵ħħ˶ҪΪ֮ˡ
ಣ
ಣ
˾ǣٵĻգѤõĹʡ
Ⱥ׷գۼ뿪פؽʮأٶȼ޵лվǾ̫󣬱˸׷ˡ
ͨ켶λͬ
ûһ½л飬Ҫá
һֻץֲҲɢѹȵлϢл̾һ˫ʵʵ̫ˡ
ɣлȵ
ͷӦ
ǰͨ켶λͬǲ޴󣬼޷Խܲĵزһȥ͵˵ĽǰŹ񽣣һϮ壬ûжù񽣣һץסͨ켶λֵǡ
ޣͷͨ켶λɫĵ
лȻһЦͨ㣬ɽĸһ󲿷֣Ȼҵɽ۵ʱˣ
˻ϣͷһץ˴˵ͷ­
ͬ궼һġ
ʬ׹£лռָߣþͷܻٵĽƣ鿴ĶԵûʲôɫģǷԵļУ֮в٣սʼķƷ
л
Ȼöͷϣŷפسȥ
һĹл飬Ѿ˺䶯лפصʱͿʮͨ켶ĸڰ
ڰɡлֹ
ʵӦò˶ͨ켶ֵ
лɻţַڷפصĸȻжʹͨ켶š
Σ̱еĵ
Ƕյ֮ıȤӣǵڱ𴦳֣˻ɱ֮Ϊһ˶رǶлõʶڣ¶вٵͨ켶֣Ϊľܹлеıˡ
ҾͳȫǡлЦ
ͷųͷܡ
еڰʹߴɱ
Ծͷܵ͵Ϯɱͨͨ켶֣ûκӦĻᶼûУôĨɱˡ
ӣͨ켶ͷնɱ
ͷҲǵĿռָлû
һˣл
۹۲죬ͨͷһϵָӾͷͬжԲЩͨ켶ֵУҲǷ֡
ְ취һɱһ׼
ͷնɱʮͨ켶̶֣෽ȥĿһͨ켶λ֡
һɸУڴֵġ
һСɽ
פؾһɽĵطеɽ߲ǧףûһĸɽ
ˢ
ͷϢıǷҸֵı
лָ£֮ǰɱ˵ַһȭ˵ĺģٶȺܿ죬Ϣġ
ʲô˸͵Ϯң
֪ͨ켶λķҸ־ȻӦȻǰһԾȻ㿪˹ͬʱҲͷų׵
ͷ
ͨ켶λ־Ȼǰͷٰġ
л㲻л˭ͷ̾ͷ־ͷܵһУĬ
ſڱ㷢һ춯صĳХ
СɽӲǱ飬ֲפڡ
ֻո𣬱жˡ
ͷֵĹһӣһ£ǷҰͷæβֻ̫ǸոտͷãͷһжֿסֱӾͱնɱˡ
˵ĿռָȻҲлˡ
𣡡
ͬʱɽ۴һ춯صĳХ
Ĭ˴ͳ˧Ͳһͷİͷɫǿߡ
ǳХҲ֪Ĭ´ʲô
һʱ䣬ɽ˴һĳХ
Ȼ߰˸Ĭѷɫ٣ȻҲǰͷľ磬ŷפؿ쭶
лЦһ´ͨɱ
бľͷԭռأеĹԭغɨһȦ
ˢ
һԲε̬ɢȥ
ͨ켶֣Ǿ߱ͳͳͷܵĽĨɱפرأѪɺӡ
лҲѾ£һĿȥ
Ŀ壡
֮ѡ壬Ϊ˴Ϊͳ˧ģԭвŻиĺö
Ǿսʼġ
ֻҪܹӶֵĿռָװʥǴ󲿷˾߲߱սʼġ
Уĸִɽɱ
ǿѪɺӣ˴ʱҲЩɵۣǰһĻͬʱɱߵݳǿҵĻɡ
Ǳ㿪ʼʩչԵطѰ֡
лѾȥˡ
λɽϷʮмһЩһˣлûжǶ֣׷ɱߣһסļƻ
ɱ֣ռָһҪٵͳͳռδפأл۾ѾûаͷԾͷ´ͨɱ
ͷܸûκε˼롣
ֻ
뿪һֱ̣ʣ巽˷֣ѾվפصıԵλãձһƬ⡣
ʲôĶлҲδ
ֻȷһȺɱ
˶Ϲ񽣵ķϽɫ׵ҲлʶͷĿֲɱ
һ֮£㺮â£ûһʧ֣ͳͳĸ֡
𾳽ĸ֣ͨ쾳λǿߣɻֳǿֲ֮£ֻһˣǾ


1956  ɱ¾
콣֮£лԤ֮лΪأûһˣҲлʶͷĿ֮ԵľͷܵӰ죬޷ӳǿġ
פڵĸͨɱʬ嶼򳹵ġ
л;ͷܷɿӶռָ
⵹Ǹʱ顣
Լһ֮ǲŽеĿռָռȫлҲûʱһһ鿴ͳͳһöռָڡ
Ŵžͷɽɱȥ
뿪פشԼ֮ЩɽɱİͷǲɱڵĸϹ
һͨɱЩ˵ɫˡ
ǲҷֿˣ˴˶ۼһµԣֱǣֵҲĬǸġ
Щ΢飬һ¾פѰҡ
ɽ£лʹУԼţֻһ׸þͷܾķӣܵ¾ĸǡ
лɽٶɽһ˿ϵ
Ӧ
Ҳ·ٶȾ˲ٿɽ
޵ҲѾɽɵĲ࣬Ҳڷž˵ľޱ䣬һħƵļ¼
һһ֡
ǵϢͨͨɽЩɽϣлǰֵ̻ɽľҲشñʵɽӳȥɽϢں֮࣬ɢһɿŰ֮
һж֮С
лĿǽеնɱһ
뷨ܷҲǲʵֵġ
ͬʱͷѾŹصѪһ·ɱɽۣĸһĶնɱ
ͷܹġ
οͷؼףָħı֮ǿѾﵽĵزǰͷȫһδܹˣޱȵ׼ͨ켶Ĺ񽣣ﵽ˶壬˭ֵܵ
ɱɱɱ
Ũصɱ⣬ЩɽͨĳֶɱļĵѣһѪߣ
ǿͨ켶ҲǷ׷׵ĳˡ
𣡡
ŭĳХɽ۴
һӴӰֳĬվɽۣһϮɫսףֳһɫĳǹǹָͷܣս
ɱ
ͷҲһɱ⣬ֱðХһȥɽɽۡ
ȫĬȵ
һ䣬Ĭͻأðĸˡ
ȫǰͷ
ĸ֣ϣǼ֮𣬶Żսףֳֻ泤ǹ˫ǹĬͬһĴ̳ȥǹһ̬;ף޿ɲƵĵز
׼Ұͷ
ʹõ񵶣ݺݵն
Ϊ׼˼ȻҪ֣Ȼ׼ҴһϵˣǣлҲ´˱ɱ
ͷֳȾͷ
л˶İͷ֪פŲٵİͷǸɽһġ
ɲֻһ뷨Ǿɱ
лҲſ˶Ծͷܵһ˿ȫԼսȥսľͷܣսźǿıǿĹ
ž
Ϳͷܵ̽һӱ㽫泤ǹץסˣֹбȥ

׼Ұͷ񵶱㱻һķ
һͷͷսǸ߰һͷǰĹֺɨǵĲӡ
ƣ
Ĭŭȵ˵Ļ泤ǹͬʱŰĻҲ֮ӳǹ֮ϼ
յּ֮ںһ߷ҲǷǳ˵ģһӱ

ǹײʮ¡
˫Եˡ
Σлó񵶣ӳɽ
ǣ
ͷһץס񵶣֮˳˵Ҫﵽͨ켶γġ
񵶳ʣ졣
һʱ䣬泤ǹ׵ͳͳĲ·ھ£Ҫ˵
ͷܽ񵶵˳
âʣƺ춼ˡ
άǿˣսĬ״ɫˣоͷܵĿˣ񵶣Ǹ绢±֪ͨɽµİͷǰս
ɽ̴һĳХ
еĸַسɱ
սپл´
ͷҽһƬӰһͻ㵽Ĭ˵ĽǰŽ֣׼ͷɱ࣬˷ֿˡ
֮ɱ
ͷ͵ĳĬɫأָͷ໥ϣʩչɱС
ǰ벽ϵļ֮Ѹٵζǹǹ֮ϣȻ˵ǹۼһȻһĹ⻷žͷӹȥ
ǹ⻷Ưʵ򰵺޾ɱ
ͷ񵶵ȥ
ž
ǹ⻷ĵطһ¾ͽıͷֹ񽣷ǳɵĵǹۼĵط
һ֮£ɫ׵籬ȥ
أ
˵ʱͱѪһǹҲֿˣͷһӱײĬͷм䣬þǿؼ׵ǹ˳û֣Ҳ޷һӽؼ׻
ͷҲ˽ǰ

׼ҲʱɱǺޱȫһն¡
ǰľͷȻһ
˫ŲΨϲж֮£׼ˣ漴ɨȥ
ۣۣ
׼Ҹҽжûͱ񵶵ĵնΡ
ǵζ׼Ҵһϵ߽⣬Ҳûͼһϵ⣬˼׼ҵõһıϡ
ʬոأǵ񵶺Ϳռָû¡
лˡ
ͷĶɷǷƷ
ǲʥװĴûᰡ
һɱͷʹɫˣҲʶͷܵĿ³̶ȣܹġ
ǣǣ
˰ˣͷֽܷͬʱ档
֮ӳһɫ׵磬Ѹٵû£Ǿʥ׵ɫ
ʥ׵ǾͷҲȫӳģԣ߰˳ɵɱͷɫǿˡ
Ĭ˼æ
ˢ
ͷȻγȥĽɫ׵Ҳ֮뿪棬ɫһӱ㽫Ĭİͷסˡ
䣡䣡
ףͷͱĲûԭлҪǵĿռָڵıȻһǳ׻Ϊɻҡ
ͷ
ۣۣ
ɾĵ˵ţûϻս׷ֺ
žͷնɱͷлеԾԾԣΪͷܵԶԶ˼ңȥɾǱɱඡ
лʵֵĸԼĹͷ¡
εǵĻսף泤ǹռָͳͳЩװûԵʥǸַһξ˴ɱġ
ͷ򵶽ɱĬ


1957  Ѫ
ɱĴͷǰͷɫǿߣͬвһ㣬һĬˡ
ʲôʱðһͷ
ֻ־壬ҲҶ룬ƴɱάǿ˵Ȱͷгȴͷ֮⣬ǧͨ켶֣֮£ԿԿġ
ȫӪĬ
ǰʹͷάǿ˼״̴
˶ֹͣŲ׷׵ľеıǽޱͷųҪͷһ
ǿĬҲѸٵķת̬
ֻҪһԼͿԻ
ҪͷʸΪͷʵлЦѡ
׷ɱĬľͷҲов
𣡡
ȻХһָңüļ両һ϶Ƶֻ۾һ㣬һӲӵĹȻ
ɫ磡

лͷ𺳣ΪͷĽɫǿʥףǴɼʥס
ԣͷܵĿҪЩͳͳɱˡ
ֻҪɫ£Щ˸ûлĻᣬǵĳٶȸ赲ɫĺ
һĬʱˡ
ߣ
ۿŽɫɳȥһȻͬһ㣬ľͷ
ͬʱһ
ʥ
лһʱȷǻļڻʥлԾ̾綼Ϊеľͷûо߱ʥʥ֮ģʵ򲢷ˣǶأ֮û˭ܹǶãȻ֪ˡ
лҲܶ϶ֵıȻͷ
Ψͷпܾ߱ʥ𣬲һþͷܰˣȻǾͷǿߣҲǾͷɫô򵥡
䣡
ʥײʥס
ûǰ㱬ϾһҲЩͳͳˡ
ʥסʥףһӳ
֮ңԶʴһ춯صĺҡضͬĩ١
ͬʱһ޴ӰڰС
ǺȻͷ
лԴ˿Ǽһϵľͷ
͸鿴
ͿͷȻǽɫ꣬Ҳ˵ѾӽͷʵˣǾͷܱȵġ
ɫɫĲ࣬屶
ھͷ磬һĲ඼ԽҪ˵屶࣬˽ֵĽͽǾͷնɱͷǰ׵ģûпɱԡ
ɱˣɱ⣡ͷŭгǹһ㣬һ溮â㱬
ͻأлЩֲ
뷨УĴͷȱչأһ£ǿгصģͷȻһеĳأҸϵ˼ʱΨһĽ;פڱͷĨɱЩ˵У϶ͷϵеˣŻǿгأʱϹġ
л´þͷߡ
ˢ
ʵãǿ֧żлǿԵġ
ͷѸٵˣնȥ
⽣âбʮ֣ĺХͷնȥͬʱͷһӱû£Ȼлġ
ߣ
ͷһһ㽵ɽ֮ϣԴӲƵƱлİ֮׳͵ʱƻûʲôܹ赲ͷˡ
˫̤棬ͷǹ̳
أ
ǹžͷʧĵȥ
һǹ֮£ɽַѣǳǹһӱ˾ͷܡ
ʱ̣ͷĺһʥ׵ĵ⽣âȫֿǿֲһǹ
䣡
ͷҪԾͷܴɱ֮ĵģһǹþȫǾͷȫһֱӾͱһǹ
ǹػھͷϡ
أ
汬Уǰžͷܵؼ֮ѿ׵ıϣʥ֮˲仯ΪͷܵǰҲһǹǿֲҲ£Ҫͷܵ峹׵ı
ͷܱضǳױˡ
˹пˣħɽҰ
һͬը죬һӱ㽫Ĭ˸Ѫһ޴Ӱƾոֳһȭͷ
ħ죿ôġͷ̷ݻپͷܣسǹħɽͷ֮һħ졣
䣡
ȭǹײɢĹâ
ֲ𶯵ɽҵҡѺۣǲûѣʾɽĲ
ͷԺٶס
ųͷ˹п˾㵵ĵ漴ƺ뵽ʲô𣬡ҹ
ǰ𣿡ħɽ֮ϴ
ͷ˹пߵȻ㣬Щ˼ȻҲħս£ɡ
Цǰαؿң˼Ҫģͷؽ˼ĵʯǰ֮һ
ͷ˹п˴ŭһǹȥ
һЦ
ħɽ֮һ⡣
䣡
а˹п˵ĳǹһ±İ˹еȻеؼ⣬㾹ȻԲٿؼ⹥ˡ
ȻĻܹӽųɵħͷħ˵⻰һȭû˹
͵Ϯˡ
һؼĵˣԾЩ𺳵ľͷ˹п˼æ߾裬Ӷǹ޺޵Ĵ̳ȥ
֪вĻħ졣
䣡
˵ٴײ
ҲʱɽڵлȻһѪǵ޵ɽ֮
𣡡
໣
ХȻը졣
񱩵ϯ¡һ³ײͷ˹п˵ĺ󱳣ͻʤҪǣħǣţ޷ֳľȥӦˡ
ۣ
ͷ˹п˵Ѫ
ţɽҡȻ棬Я޷ݵžͷ˹пײȥ
һɽռʮأߴס
һɽ߱˲֪Ŀֲʴ˸ɽôֲ
˹пˣɣħ״ЦһȻȫųɵҲǲѷɫ˹п˵ģȻĻħͷͷ⡣
ݣ
һĨٴν١
ץ׼ʱɱһ
Χͷ˹пˡ
ɱңǻ䣡ͷ˹п˿Ȼȥͬսһ㡣
һȭڳǹβˣ𶯵ĳǹһӽħ쵯˫Ŀϣٶȿһʥ۵Ĺȥؼ飬ȻϵĻбһػֽҷ
лٿصɽҲصײڹ档
һ£ֱ顣
ɽصĺھͷ˹п˵ĺ棬ҵϵĻгһѺۣǰڣѪǰɳȥȫһ֮£лͿһѪɢɽϵĹ߾ʹʧ޵ɵɽҲ֮ɢ
Ǵſֲɽ֮׹棬¡һɽ
лӦѸޱȣץס޵Ȼһȫҳȥ
Ҫͷ


1958  䶯
ѡ޵лٿͷ˹п˵һ̣Ѿ뵽ģֻ֪δƵ֮ǰԲðգѰһᣬ󹥻֮£ͷ˹пչֳǿδɱȴˣ֤޵ʱ
ɽһײײİ˹пǰȥһٶף˰һεľʹ
ֻû˸ϸһ¡
ħȭͷٴε
ΪͷȻ֪γֲܹջģܹնɱ˹пˣħħɽڽľͷ˵ôԶ
Ҳ˼ݣֱܳس֡
ħ죡
˹пĶħ죬ҧгݵķһ˻ʱȴֻǿԽѹĵס
˫ֺǹֵ
䣡
һȭػǹ档
ǿİ˹пٶѪͨ죬ͷ֣岻ܿƵٶ󵹷ɳȥ
أ
ĺˣ޵ײһ
лԸ˹п˹вǿ޵ڵĿȴǴĲͬ
ûͳͳ
һɫĵӿ޵ڱ˹п˵ĺģǽлһ֮ݺݵײ
ֻһײð˹пľʹǾͷһײܵƣʹֻһ˲䣬Σȴ˹пһֽĸо
ǿ޵׵
˹п˴δǱʱһĨɬζԭ֮ͬĬͳ˧ΧħɽĿҪĬħ˵ĽսͻңΪͷģڿΣˡ
ƴһϣܹ㿪һ
ۣ
͵վδܶ㿪ǵа˹п·λãһѪҲĿѪ档
龰ħ˷ܵĸձһȥ
ɱᡣ
˵İ˹пһһʥǰһͿı򣬴һӱ߿ǧ׵ĵطǿ㿪ħһ
κͣǹڿлһ϶Ծ롣
Ƿ϶ֺϵʱ򣬴˹п˷˻𣬡ħһж׷ɱлݣ
ħ硣
Ƿݻʧڷ϶С
ˣӴܵģҪħ죬ֻħҲΨܹԿĪ⣬ѰҲʵҲΨԶԸֻܽŭйлϣοҵľлӵĿ޵ν֮лٵʮ֮һ꣬лĺҲﵽ˶㡣
лʱ޵¼ԣƲƲ죬ڵħĸͨ켶ϵĶ֪ж٣ھͷܻԴ֮󣬵ȷΣգҪȥ֮ǿҲǳ۷徳Խ룬Ҫ£һʱǣ޸ͷܣеʱ
ˣҺۣҪ˯ˣҵǾͷġ޴ŲľϲֻԽԽСܿûϢ
ͷģ
ֻҪƵֱӿԽɾ;ͷľ磬ле˷ܲԶó鿴һ£谭޷޵ꡣ
㽫޵ͻռָ
ͬʱħЦųפصĸǡ
Щ֮ҵֿ׷׵ӴܣĬٶ죬˼κ˵
ħܵӰ죬뿪̫Զδ׷ɱֻǹɽĸɱ˸߰˰ˣʧ
лûɱ֮˵ĿռָͳͳռҲȻ뿪ǽһƬפء
ͷɱˣͷɥͽǧݻ٣лҲɵ뿪
ĺ䶯ġ
ͷ˹п˲ɥлŽܵϵһսлħһε
лɱߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ȷ䶯
ʱֻǾãлģûлһ£˸ͷ֮⣬û˽лϾǶ֪лոմ˼뿪Ҳ𾳽磬˭
ֻҪȥᱦˡ
ȴ硣
֮˶۵ʱлھ֮ԼһǧĵطڰĿޡ
ھɽ֮սһµʱ䡣
лռĿռָԼı֮ȥ鿴ͷܣ־ͷ״⣬ͷ˹пһǹǶ幹˺ǶԻΪĽɫش
Ĳ鿴лȷͷҪָΨ޸ɫ硣
νɫǴɾʥףҪ޸Ψ㹻׵羫ſԣȴް취ð֮һ޸ģ㽫ǽɫʥ׸׷ϵͷܡ
޷֮£лֻͷܣѰָˡ
ûµлû֮̽
ڿ϶ַӿ֮ʱ򣬶ĴѰټǰȥ̷УϾյ񵶣д˴ɽ֮սӶĴȤĿɲֹ塣
һĵطͣһɽڿٳһռ䣬ͷų龧ʯ
µлɫҲɫɱΪɫ
Ҳǻع鳣̬ˣҲٶȿʮֹлٶҲ⣬ɲħؿʼһ·쭵ٶȣġ
λɫ꣬˵Ⱦ翴Ʋرߣлֶڳһˣͨĳλַ֡
˵Ƿ羰֮أڻľдС
лһ׺һشҰĲݵϣ۲ݵķ֣еķҷ˵̹
˫ַԺһ۲ݣεգɢգ¡
ɽ֮սˣ֮ڣҲƽһЩ˰ɣ˵֮ڿɲֻ壬ţʱˡţл¶һĨõЦݣߵһɽ
˫أǡһȶ˵ӰҲӸ߿¡
ŮǱˣлһ˿ϵ̡
Ŀԣûκлǰһ½̽ӿ뻳С
ӵŶԷ
ãлƽ˫ƻõݣͷĺ촽һ¡
ˮĿлû
ˡл
ˣ´ôûо
лץǰ룬Ҳ룬ﶼ룬ţء
ƸĵطԽԽ£סĳط΢죬ʮİһۣ㰡ԽԽɫˡ
ٺ٣̫ʱûζˣܹе뷨лЦ
㻹ǺúӦ׷ɱɡûһ¡


1959  Ҿ
лʼմϵһУǺ֪ģֻǾԼƶϣ֪϶ܷģ屩ôг޵ĵħ϶ҲţȻ͵ϮȻҲؽ˱ǣ롣
лãħһݵĻڡ
̵ħ壬Ȼռ鱨֪ͨ̽緢һС
ԴˣҲûκα
ħȫˣĴѰ˼Ǳ͵ħĸ͵Ϯشʧأڼ䣬ǳû֣Ϯɱʹħ磬ȴԶɱһ֮⣬еĵطڽɱ¾涼ʧ緽ʧΪأǿפħɽģһ֣ʧأǶŵĵħǳû֣Ǽնɱ
練ӦѸ٣ʹΪ׵ٶȵʮ֮ڣħɽħԿˣҲʹһ΢ĵزͷչؿޣ֣פİͷֻʣһˣûаͷǵ˱û֣Ѿնʮ˸ʹ壬壬ҵصһ׼ҷ棬һϵҲصҷͻûһϵ߳ɵڳ˴һ˿֧⣬Ѿ˷ˡ
ţͷҵìѾȫ֮ǵ˰ʧ֮رڵҲ١
̵лҲһ̾
ֻһսǣȻ֮ڡ
뵽˵ħܻңû뵽Ȼ˻ץס˸췭ظջ֮
ҺĻǾ˵ڵķֻǿʢʱڵһ룬Ҫѷɫܶࡣ
磬ʱҲ岻֡лЦ˵˵ħɡ
Ц緽棬ҾͲ˵ˣ㣬˵ͷ˹пѾڱչˣĬرչأеİͷͳͳĽٵħ硣
ȫˣżлʵ
׼ҴϢһֱͷʵߴˣǷģ֪˵
ڰͷлҲƲš
ϾûɵϣԼȫ¶
л֪׼ңʵϾ弸ΪϹʥȷϾежԵĴһϵ˼ҲذͷΨоͷף׼Ҿ֪ľаˣ⻹ոճΪͷء
˼˼лǹһĨЦ⡣
ôˣʵ
лЩͷԲҵģ
ʲôģȻ
ǣл϶Ĵ𸴵
ǲ⡣
ȻһЦл˲֪ҿƵľͷܵʲôǰ˹п˿϶ͷһǹػȻûɾҲܽˣ޷޸ģǲͷ϶˾þͷѾ˥ͷֱϮɱĵز԰ɡ
ûͷһħ磬Ǿۼһ𣬴δֿԣ˿նɱͷܡ˵
ͶˣҲӦûȥħʹڻͷǢɣл
̵鱨ʾδǢ
лͷͨЩ鱨Զ϶ͷӦĿģΪǵӰ˹п˺ͷѾԶȻδȴ޷ٽս
ܽսˣ̾ȵ
ǰ˹п꣬Ҫ붯֣Ľɫָ¼ɵġлЩΣҲΪŵĹͣնɱĴͷռرϧھͲˣҲΪηжԭ֪ʵ
üͷڵħѰ㣬ʲôĿء
л±Σ˹п˿϶вɸ˵ĿģҲ޷棬ʵ̫󣬳Ǿͷָܻţ˵˵֮ɣҴȥѣ˳Ѱʥ
ǿɲʲôõĵطȻħµ޶ͨ켶޷泤۷弶̫ˣҶȤġ˵㻹֪ɣɱ֣ӶǵĿռָѾȥˣ˵еĶɽһӵаͷһʵװսһء
ʼ磬лΪ⡣
֮е顣
лѿǵ̱˵ʥһǰģԸפˣħ磬涼Ըʽפģеħ緽лħΪףħ壬Ϊһ˽룬ûһߣ緽ʹΪĴһҲ˽פˣ棬Ҳٶ֣һ¶⣬γ㶦ľ档
ڵĻ֮濴ȥһƬƽȴĬѰ㣬Ϊ˶֪ٸõȥǻ֮ʥҲһǰȥģʱƽԭйͬ棬Ǿս
лЦ˿֮ұҪȥˡ
ԽǸӵľ棬лԽǸȤ
ھͳɡ̵Ѿħֳ൱֮淢һУǵģħ۾ڻ֮Ҳʲô鷳ġ
лЦҪҲҲѡ
ͨ켶֣޲ߣǳǿлĲôġ
ħֽŵĵطлҲȥ
ռһ鱨̵
һԣͨԲ֮ڵħ˽ϵûãһֽԲ档
ֽźܶ鱨
̱
ͬ鱨ͬͨϣԵõҪص鱨
лһԿģǽĵݣģĲʣ޲ջ
뵽ŮԼлҲǺгɾ͸еġ
Сʱ̵֮ħ˸ոս벻ãռ鱨ޣҪĿǰռĶֵݣ磬õȵȣţϣ㿴ɡ
лӹһۣŶʮһͳ˧һ涼Ǻӻ֮ȻЩԱչسͨ켶ֵʮһٮٮ߶ͻƣ֮ˡ
֮󣬽ֽˡ
ô죿ʵ
°ɣֻˣȻʵ޷˼ұƴҲǾƵģȥ磬׼ҵԽлֽ뻳УҸ׼ʲôö
˵ó
ӵʥ֮ԴǾ߱ľԶڹ񽣵ĸ֪Ȼͱƿħ壬ڹȿ񽣣ȻҲʶġ
Ҫ𣿡лЦ
Ȼ񽣺ǽ䣬ɳɾͨ켶񽣣̼ĵ
л̶ߴַĳͻĵطҪҪҰοο


1960  ˼һ
֮ʮһɽУлӵ̸ƯŵĿ޵档
ù񽣣ջٶлˬ֮˵Ĺϵ֮࣬Ҳһϸ֮δ֮ǱӦý볤ڳ˯Ŀ޵ȻٶȲ˯Ŀ޾ȻҲһεѹ
ȻܹѵľͨĶʵȾѾȷǾͷĿޣлϺ֮ÿ޵ѰĶǾһĻ
֪лҪ֮ڻ֮ǷڰͷţǾһδ֪ˣлܽûжۣѡͨĶͨ鿴Χ׵ľ룬Ҳ㹻л֤ȫġ
޵һֵĺţлǰԼʮ׵ľƯţ͸Ǻ⣬л̶ܹ˷ܵӡ
˷ܵӣ֪϶ʲôĶ⸽ɡлҲ֣ʲôÿ˿ܡ
ˣҸӦħµѪ޼ĵ
л̾ͬʱһ
˶һۣΪԼˡ
ħѪ˻棿л׷ʵ
Բġ޵϶Ĵ𸴵Ͱ˹пһսѾȷԼˣӦǾͷ磬ţ˵ĺɫ꼶𣬵ѾﵽһĶ壬õһħѪɫӦúƵһļʳΪɫء
ĻлҲǸпѰ
ħ޳ɾ;ͷһҲǰħʱʧȥˣ޳ǵΨһħ޾ͷ
ʱħ޾ͷʱЩħ޾ͷѪᣬǿҲһΪͨ켶λͷĶδֹ
û뵽ֻܹɣ˽սʾĶ壬û뵽ڻߵ˵ĵزл̾ĵ
޵ⶼ˵İûˣˡ
㵹Ǹ˵ļһлЦˣڵܲܽս
ЩƣǷӰ˳ɵ»ҼֲãٶȽ˯ߵģֻܷӳɵ˵
ͷɵɺɨͷˡлЦ
̵ͷǰ
лͷ⸽϶ڰͷһԸģ۹۲⣬Ȼǵģʱ򣬿޽ɱ
ͷĶϾͷôġ
£㿪ۡ
л޼ɵ۲鿴
ſ޵ѰħѪһ·УԼСʱ֮лһط
ڽһս
ͷ֮ɱս
л̴ſ޵ȥǽٶȷӵޣ˲Ϣһףգۼ͵ս
Ǹϵʱÿһͷһͷһնɱ
ʤİͷתл΢΢һЦҵʱˡ
սʣ
̿ˣ̽˼ǰϹʥһʱݺµеսϵг
õļУǰһʵļ䡣
лʱ򣬾Ѿϳսˡ
߰ɣȥսһӣǱɱİͷĿռָȡߣ仯ΪɻңͬʱһӴǽһɽɽڡ
ɽûʲôãΨһǴ˵صĵħһЩ
лҲ޵ˡ
ǰ⣿лЩ⣬֪ħ磬ǵĿ궼ħɽħʹġ
ħɽѾˣħɽͷƽҲֻʱ⣬ǼɢڵħѰͻƵǡ꾭˵أ֪Ҫ֮ѰʥΧһЩͷţҪ֮ǰɱ㣬ڰнǸˡս˵
лҲû鿴ˣսʵľȻﵽ˰ͷɫĵز츳ǿϹʥһߣҲǽһλŴͨλһ죬ﵽͷģڿսҲģȻ˸ߵľ硣
лǰлмĵ
û뵽ȻΪԼ˺֮ǡ
Ҫ֪ûп޵Ļı¶Σˡ
սʵȻһЦˣͬ˼һǱ˻ն˼ϣӦõġ΢һ˵Ŀǰ˵ѵһʱΣڴ˵ҵһأչأбҪѰңбǣڻ֮սħսµĶңʲôֻҪйĶҪտͷ徳磬ͻƣһ֮ˡ
սħս񣿡̾ȵĵ
лҲЩ𶯡
ͶħΪʲôڻ֮½Ƹеɻû뵽Ȼǣսħս޵еľͷ
սħսĳνܹ߱˳ƺʷҲֻˣʱĩڵĳͷϵϣﵽ褾ģдţ˵䣬ʱҲڱ𣬿ǿᵽ̶ֳȣ˺ʱĩڵʱ򣬴δоͷǵĵλеħʱħϡ
ƫƫʱǰ֪꣬ιʷͻһսƴɱһ꣬޹ʧ٣ҲûϢǵʧ٣Ҳʱ𣬵µ츳ʸǵľ磬ҲûԸʹսħսƺţĿıǶǵ𾴡
ǿɶǴﵽͷĴڡ
սħսڻ֮ģлʵ
Ӧǵġս˵ǰɱһͷļ䣬һɢޣδκϵ֮ǰ֮Ҳ㣬е֪ڰǰ֮ڵõսħսµĶȻһҹ֮䣬λͻͽλˡ
лɣʲôãǾͷҲ̬ɣ˴ȵĿԽ
ԼҲˣһҲѺܶʱ䣬û뵽Ȼô˵ˣһˡ
ܳΪսħսЩֶΣҲǿġս˵οҽնɱǸͷȡļʾƺͨ켶λֵõսħսĳ֧֣ͷˣ˵ӵı̬ЦǺǵĶл˵㰡ҪԼãҿңʵһ˵УõĲ֪жˣΨһǣڸзȷǵģĥѷҲ࣬ŻлᳬԽҵȡ
ǰ˵е㲻˼ˡлЦ
սԣЦҿĹɫǲǵõ˴˵еħ


1961  ˫ں
ǰɽʱлͨõ֮Ȼ֮ƻΪֹҲ㲻ףΪʲô޷õ֮ǷõԺ޷ɾͼ֮ˣͿпˡ
лЩģˣħõ˷ˣлкܶ˿ͨħԭ򣬽Ȼɵսдȵġ
սܹһۿ߱ħл֪սʶħһź˽⡣
ǰ棬ҵȷõħֻǲ֪Ϊʲôõ֮ȴܵ׵Ӱ죬޷ƿءл˵
޷ƿأս΢΢һ漴۱һĨ貵Ŀ⿴лĵƺҪ͸ŵ׵ʲô𣬡֮ų⣬˵յ׵Ǵɾʥϵ׵ˡ
л΢һ£ʵʵ˵Ͼ֮ײ̫õģ˵ҵ׵ǰ֮ס
սҲסˡ
Ҳ޽ӽͷˣҶ˽ǳ֮࣬ľҲ𰸸ˡ
ãսʲ˵ڼǸ׵Ӧþ׵װ֮ɵİɡ
лͷϡ
ƶϳģϾʱľչֳѾǿþͷ˱ˡ
ѹ˻˿㣬Ȼ߷֮ף˼ϣսʾ̾ĵ
лͷȫ
ˣսĵ˵ĺ㣬ǿǷ֪֪ģսʾ±õ֮ףɾʥ׵жǽ׵֮׵ļж𣬿ûһ׼ҲûǷ𣿡
ϸһ£лư֮׽ʹȻֺγ߰˴εĥѵģ˵ÿһζģĥл߳лɾͰ֮׵ġ
νЩĥǰԵ΢ˡ
֮ףֻҪܹﵽͨ켶λɼ֮ʮ֮һҵʱɺɨͷˣܽͷ磬ͷˣճɾ;ͷ磬Ϊ˼ɨƽϰսʵ
ȫԸл
šսһ˼·˵ħ֪һЩȻħܹöԵȻɵһ壬ܹ𵽻ٽã֮Ҳ໥ƵģһرǿȻܴܵƣҲǶһ
л
ս˵Ϊ˵İ֮׼ʵ̫ߣߵ˿ǹյǿõ֮ʥ߼֮ľʥľǾͱܸı䣬ǲԴľ֣ǽһߵİ֮׵Ѿγɶصϵ˵һЩ򵥵˼άƵģǲܽκθıģԱ޷棬ȻᱻĨΨľԽ֮ܰĸı䣬ʶѡľգȻؽס
˵Щ鷳ֻҪͨ켶ҲǿԷӵܴáл˵
ܹȫĻܹڰͷ൱ãԾͷЧ̫
ִˣδĺסսЦ
ǰָ̡л
ս˵˵İ̫֮ǿԾӵħԵõľҲõ֮׵һһĸı䣬ʶԺľøǴﵽʲôɱУΪ֮׳ɾ׶׼ģ
лɴ۾ǰ˼ǣֻҪľгһճɾʥʥľת͸֮ףʹ֮׽ף
ǣսЦħã
леѪڡ
ʶУǰ꣬ʱ䣬õĻĥѣпð֮׳ɾ׵ġ
ôȫٽݾ
ͨľתΪ֮׵ľ֮׽ףٶȿҪȰ֮׵Ľ׿ݲ֪ٱء
ӵľԣȻõħǴڿʼ;ܵȥľȻɵںϣľﵽ֮ôͿͨļںϣʱҲ赣ı֮ƻʥȻǳĻ鷳ҪȰ֮׵ĸ׿ݲ֪ٱءս˵ǡһݴɾ͸㡣
лϲ
Ҳˡ
ɾǵħɵġ
лõɵģǴɾ磬ҵ˽׵ĵز
Ƕ֮Ǳ˴ȴֲͬһ͸ϢһǵħȻ෴˴ųġ
лͷų
սһԳ֣лںϡ
ͷľ磬ɾֵһᣬ֮䣬ںˡ
ںϵȻ̷ɱ䡣
ɵľʹﵽ֮ĵز
֮ϲɣ͵ħϣȻֱɱ䣬Ϊ֮ҿҲԶͬ׵ļ֮ǿʤ࣬лĻȥѰ˼ںϣĻܻﵽӾ˵ĵزڼ֮ҲǺаġս˵
лҲ˴ġ
õ֮ǿӦӵУ֪ں֮жôǿеİȭϵеԶôսѾӹɵˡ
ǰʲôԸûУǾͲǰˣ׼ˡлսʶһģ޵Ϣǲܹ˵أֲ̫ˣܾѰҵħѪ¾Ҫ˯״̬ˣϾ֮ѣħѪĴ̼
սʵҲûʲô£֮󣬿ħǢѾΪƿˡ
л̶һۣӦһ˱ˡ
սĵĶ࣬ս͸¶һЩ֪ʶȴ˾̾ѣǵģħһҳϵĴ֮һħȻѾսʿˡ
ݱսʣ˱»ص֮ǰ޵ѰħѪĵ·У޵Ҳ³֣ʼǿٵǰС
лΪսõһЩϢУħ屻Ƶ顣
ȻսʿôҲδû׼ɡ
˼ǲ֮󣬾ͻݺ˼ַˣлѹзǳԵϢļŬƽҪǣԼʵսʽİ֮׽֮һҵ˿ķ


1962  䶯
ھͷǵУܹҵͻΪͷ֮ϣǾˣԳΪ޵еĴڣǼûбҪĻȫڱչأڳǿܴڵľ磬꣬Ҳδҵ취뵱һ˷ʧ٣ݺ޵ֵħͬʧ٣ǧĴ档
˵ǵĿĺܼ򵥣Ǿ
лףȻ֪ͷ֮϶ôǿ󣬵лţǱ˳ɾ;ͷ֮ϵľ磬ӵ׵ֻҪﵽͷ磬Ǿ޵еģͬɱһС
֣޵С
Ҳ˵ڿʼֻҪĵŬԼɾ;ͷ磬ȻƴľԽɾʥ֮һν׵Ļᡣ
ԭлĿ꣬Ǿǳɾ;ͷ֮ϣܸоƮ죬ãܲʵ˼Ұ궼δҵͻ
㹻ģһͷǾţ
ʶνҲޡ
֮׺ħİչֳ֮л·𿴵һׯҵĿ꣬ǰδеľͷ
ƺɹ֡
ӶἫ֮ľϵΪɡ
𡭡
ԽԽ˷ܣԽԽһǰ;ɹǰĸолѪҺҲɵķ׷һХԴйеĿС
̿Ŀо֮ɫ
Ųл
ؾյĸоǰʮ㣬˰ɷ
ںܡлҪ˷йҪľ̼ԼΪܹһͻҼء
һѣ״̬ѳƣһڿܻ߼ȵİ֮£ȴɵƽ⣬˲ŻһǱޣֻǿܷ񼤷⡣
л
ǿˡ
Ŀ꣬һܹƿ磬ΪڣʲôвܹĿֲĿ꣬ȴǺѵľӦÿԳɹβء
ܰÿ޵ҵħѪȻħѪжħ޿Űɡ˵
䣬޵ڴһˢһ£޵һû¡
֮زǵЯһĨĺⷵصڡ
ˣҪ˯ˡ޵
޵Ҳָ̬
л޵ħѪ˷ֵĻˣҲֵطšһ£ͷ֮ȥ֮ɡ
ֱ֮
գۼ䣬˱̤֮ӴĳϷûʲôҪϿս룬Ȼ⵽ǿķģΨ߳š
ǴԽţһֱ峺ȪˮϴһƵġ
ÿһŴõģΪͻᱻѹ෢ӳ۷徳ʵ
˸ո߹ȥ
л͸еһĪдĵͬʱԼСβָҵĲȻָԼġ
䣡
ԱߵҲ̷л״Ťͷһĵˢһ±òҰףŵĵ
лСβָҵĲš
һƵĹδСβָ治ϵصüĴ۹ȥлҲо˱仯ϴ߶ҩָ
ҩָɿɽһо綾ɽ䣬Ҫһ䣬õƽʥҶܹ߱һĻѪ޷ģǡǡѪ񶾵һ֡
䣬ʩչҲΨоͷʩչһǹ̶ʩչ˲ĵطҲԶʵ֣ɴ˿ɼĳǶôѣһɹǲĿ¡
䣬ȻüļһѪȻѪͻʴ꣬һ˵忪ʼôл壬ͣƽͨ˶ĵزҸؼǣѹս޷ɷ磬бѪ͸ѪµģѪУҲֻܴᣬǵѪйģܵаޱȡ
֮ˣ̵ٱ仯ΪһİˣҲڲǸüļѪġ
ԾҪߣܡ
ҩָҵĲ½ɫĹθлüģϵϴ䣬ЧеģԣѪڻɢһĻ״ѪɫȦлȫεţѸٵ͸ȥ
˹пˣлҧгݵĵ
ʣܹлƵľͷҲֻа˹пˣľͷ޷Ĵġ
˹п˲㱻ɱľͷ֮Ҳװ˹п˵ĺôɡ
ˢ
л͸ʱ򣬸һ޴Ѫɫ⻷߿ӳȥ֮ϿմԼ׵λòϵ֮ľ
лղ˴Ҳʺϴܣƻ֮˶ҪҴһˡ
Ҵߣ̼ٵĵ
УǿԵĻʩչˡлЦҡҡͷ
λöûȫֹ֮ͣǰ΢һѵļ
ֻܾ˵ء
Ⱥ˵ĵ޷
л˵һӽǰδе֮УԶԼĶ֣Լһڣȴȫˡ
ȻлҲԴС
ûжԿĶ
Ǿǰ֮׺ꡣ
ģȻ̼ɼȻͷ˹пѾʩչ䣬Ȼǿǵģδܹģǰ֮ףԲĿ֮УֻҪ֮׵ϣ䡣
֮׵ĿƣֻҪһͷɡ
лҲˣǰ֮ױͷųһľ磬߶İ֮ȻҪԶٷ֮һûκεġ
һ֮߰׵Ѫ
һ㽫һƬ
лüļѪͼһ󲨶ֻҪƳѪͼɻָɣֻлܹƵ׵̫٣Ȼ޷
ֻܼϣԼȥˡлֹ
ȻҪȫôȻҪ֮ףֻҪư֮ףǾѰ·ˡ
лɲΪܹư֮֮󣬻ʲôͷ˹пԴ֮ףǶɥΣյġ
ľֻһ㣬Ǳǵȴ
ȴٵĽȫκ˶û뵽飬˼Ҷڴ㣬ǡǡ෴
̣侲а취䣬ţЩʲôţǰɣһΣ֮еĸֶģҲʡȴ鷳лЦǺǵĵ
ƾĸӦ̵ȷолţȻΪʲôȴҲ֪лȻа취ˡ
̱վԣȴֵ֮ĵ


1963  ̵ֶ
Ѫɫ⻷һ֣̱˻֮ţе˶׷׵뿪лڵĵطв֪ģˣҲᱻӰġ
лɫȻ·ڿһϷ
ⳡϷڿʼӰ֮ڵһУĻ֮εľʣҪⳡϷˡ
ƽĿţȴš
ಣ
ȺûͣЪȻһӰзЯһɿϯĿлĿռָ
лǹһ˿Ц⡣
̰ߣڣ
û˿ĻңⳡϷʼǰɣֻССĿθˣ˻δǳء
ۣ
վһԵ̣һĨ磬ǰһлǰλε񽣳С
ǽ͹񽣡
ѽɳΪ׼ͨ켶񽣡
ˢ
ǽɨһĨѪŽҪҶֵ̾ͱһնɱʵѾλɫ̣ͻֻһ֮սǶ϶۷ҲδĶ֣֮ʥ֮ԴлҲҰٷ֮˵ʥ֮ԴģҪ˵ˡ
ಡ
һ˺ʬ谭ˡ
ڰٷ֮һǰΪǣԾѡ֣Ҳһ֮ࡣ
ɫ˫ս棬˳նɱ
Ľ⣬ݺƥͬһƬߴָУŽȻ˺ѣߴҲĲҽУѪ廯ʮ棬ŪѪɺӡ
ҰѾͷ
նɱ˴֣ѾȺٴκˣԶȴһٶȳĿʵѾǳĸ֡
һ֣𶯵ҡ
ǣ
˫̵üļ佻
𡫡
ը죬ͬա
üļ両־յͼĹͼΧѸٵĻĵĵص㡣
䣡
ʥ֮ԴԴ̿𾳽֮״α
һ˺գǷ;УռͬƵģѿܱŽռƬ
һĻлɵǰһ
˹³۷ҲûʮİɣǾ߱ռ˲пա
ǿĸֵĻδ£㱻Уķɻ˶̻Ϊɻңֱʣصĺڽ֮档
һʱ䣬֮ʼҡ
㾰ҲڽǶͣ˭ûһ֮Ȼûǰȥðˡ
һ֣Ȼˣվлࡣ
˲֪ло̵ķǳ޴һǺޱȫĿȻС֮
ҪٻָС
̵Ƚ⣬ľԵģǾй񽣺ǽŷǷİԻָǷǳġ
ɱֳ֣Ҳû˳֡
ܵ˶վڰԶľ룬ûеٿǰˣŮɱɱ֡
λε˫񽣣εεѪ滬䣬һۼ˵
羲Ĵ
ϵĿ֦ҶҲŷƮĺԳ⣬˵һֵ⣬֮顣
ﶬϵĸ˵ûʲôģǵעʹǶκμڶûоģʱ˿ֶ̣ɱȴ֮ŴԵս
ˣαزͷ¶βлĵ
֮˿Բлۿ̽Ȼɵʩչ۲鿴
֮£ڣκ˵Ķ̬֮С

ЦУһӰվл棬˫ֵһȻ飬һŵħţһɫĻ漤š
Ǳˣǵħ緽֮ͳ˧۷弶˵һֻ̤ͨ켶λĸ֡档
̵õħռУйֵϸܣеħ緽ʮŸɵģлħ壬ħ壬ħ壬ħĴħΪͳ˧ȻҲĴħѡģǻħĸ֣ǵħʮһодɫʵ
棿л
Ȼ벻ĵ񱩾лȻ֪ϵóңʵ֮
δ䣬ĺڵڶ֣ٵȻǵħ緽ľ
ǵħģ緽壬ԭȻǵħڻ֮ڵפأҲȻȷֵġ
˭˲֪棬ʮǰΪսʣԵ֮£һ䣬Խ˸磬ﵽ𾳽磬䣬ǽڽڸǻħ幫ϵϣΪͷʮһٮٮߡлĵ
Ҫ˵Եⶫܶ඼͸ġ
ĻԵΪ֮ʵģܹһԽ˸磬˼ʱлҲ޷˷񣬵ʱлҲֻһܹĸˣ˼ҵһ롣
лֶҲйһЩо浭ĵ֪лɷ͸ңֻҪ˵õ̱֮ߡ
лȻһЦ䣬޷жҪԼȡǣֲ
ˣұ㲻ˡ
̤лƽ
ͬ𣡡ٶǰ
̹Ҳţ»вҡ浭ĵ
Цһ£ұ֤ܽˣ֮£˻ûлûɱ㣬Ҳû취ˡ
⻰Щѡ
ʥ֮ԴԿɸ湹вģǲ̫صƣܸ緽ᣬûɱġ
Ҫ֪֮֮ԳΪңǾǸƣǿ˭Ҳðա
ȻˣǾ˰æɣ̹СЦ
ܿҵӦ԰취
лֻˣֵܶΨ̣һӦ̫ǿߣĻᡣ
ϵ֮ǰӶᱦ
Ļһ䣬̾۷ǿߴֳƹһߣлȥ
ڿǰһѹ̵ġ
ԶΪʤ𣿡Цеĵ
ǣǣ
ǽ͹һ档
˫뿪ϵϢ̾ҵĲüļʥ֮ԴͼбֳĹӰ
գͷųѹ
ѹӲǱȵĿһü˰벽ĴҲֹͣ˽Ų㿴ӰѸٵɳΪӰ
˫һġ
Ӱûǽ͹ڡ

񽣲졣
ڸֳӰ·ʱ׼ɱ̵һһץ
𣡡𣡡
лڴ
ȻϢȡţ˫ּ˸ţҲһڡ
һУ̶ͷϸܵĺˮȻһЦʥ֮ԴںǱ֮͵ħ֮ǽ͹񽣵бɱһҲ̫Σ벻ĻնɱǵһˣûģŵĻǿһ¡


1964  ֮ĸ
õıӰлůģŮ˰Լʲôġ
л޼£ֻܼϣЩɢȫ̼İ֮ײֻҪ֮΢磬Լûʲôģȫ䣬Ҫʺŵġ
̹۷õĺܲϧûá¶һĨ֮ɫѾ˸ˡ
ٲֻ֣ᣬǿϣ顣
Կ׼ǿг
һƱ˹ȥ
Ĵּ״׷׳֣Ҫһ̵ֳΪﵽ۷壬ʥ֮ԴҲ£ƫƫֻ𾳽ĸ֣˼Ҳ̫ˣʥ֮ԴҲӲôֲ
û˫ٶץ񽣡
ݣ
һ˲䣬һĺХȻ
һɫĹâһɫĹĻ÷ǰ⡣
ʥ֮ʣȻʹе츳
˻
쳹ʡ
߲ʹ⻪Ҳ£Ҳ˿˶ֵĻᣬҪǿгµķ
ʣֹƷ׾٣ֻһԻǿüļ˸ŵʥ֮Դͼվûѡ
棬Ҫرÿ𣿡һӰڸ߿ա
˱ѩ׵˫趯һӢףȥǳ˧פ֮ͳ˧ʹʮһٮٮߡ˹
ʹʮһ˾ųɣҲ˶ѣ˱ħɽ֮УɱˣʮһʣµҲ˶ѣǿıǸ˹
зݣ
ɫâӳʣնĳ߲ʹ⻪ʹƺɫ磬ǳŸ¡
һ˲ȸ˹ٵǰ
߲ʷˡ
һ˵ŷͷŲʷϢѪķˣǷλѷɫֻط˵ģǱ
ǵĸҲ׷׵
ֽפ֮кܶ࣬Ǵ˴γ̫࣬ҲǸİ˵ӣûһߣȫǾеľ
߲ʷˣŪ˰ɣл޷֣ĹͣĶӦвŶԡʹ帥˹ĵлյ񵶣ܹͷ˵޵Ϊ֮ٿյ񽣣˭ĶȻˣʹ廹һ뷨Ǿնɱ̣ΪʹУϣ
巽Ҳһĸִܳ
лԳ֣µѪУ˭Ҳִ¡峤ĵ
һءֳ֣ȵӡ
һ졣
ſ϶ʶԼȴļװ֪Լ֣Ƕ衣
ҲȷҪѷɫֻ̫࣬ǳλְˣһֻ̤ͨ쾳Уɱġ
ҽŵķءֻʵĻش
㻹񣬷׵Ϊβڣÿһ壬֮ĳ۷弶ֿǶƵģȳ壬˵صģ޷ǰΪҲû
λϾҪ¡ŵķص
ߣ˵ʲôлָҪ׿˵ĻѵĸϾеƻ۾˸źâɭɭĵòʲôɡ
ǲÿѣл̣߲ʷˣ˹Ҳܹ²⵽϶⣬ôһ˵˶뵽һЩ⡣
ͷµġ
Ϊʹлľˣȴڻ֮ǿ˲ڣʣûè
棬㲻Ҫתƻ⣬۵лĴáʹ帥˹ĵ
浭ȻһЦδ
лЦң˹ƾҲ𣿡
ߣͷӲ˹ӵĵ
л㻹ˡл֮˸ߵԭһҪ̼˹ʲôıѾӵλã֮ס
ϱɻָɡ
ɣµ˭ʵǿΣֻҪһЩʱ䣬Լܹͻƣֻ볤λɺɨ֮ˡ
֪ھͳȫ㣡˹ߵһȥ
ݣ
ݣ
ĺХ
Ϳ߲ʷ˺Ϳͬʱ֣ͬʱ˶ƣǿҲĸ˹ƺһĲסΡ
˹л˼֮ˣδ˼˵㣬ǡ߲ʷߵ
˹һĨɱ⣬һҪء
߲ʷ˫չɫ
Ҳ˫ֱأЦ
֣Ϊûа취𣿡˹
ǿƵĸ˹֣леˣƺ˹ԸܹһӱȻû߱˹ӲǴģиߵ֣֮־Կѹһģ˹ȻһҪǿԳս̬
ܲʹ·񰡡
һ¡
˹ѩ˫Ȼչһɰϼؼ·һصγˡ
սһ
ʱһЦͻأ
ŵЦЩһӰͻأĳڰУͺƾճֵһ
վ˫ֱ磬׵ڰг֣ȷѣҼ룬ʹְг֣ҲԻʤ
һ֣
׵δ֣ȻҪг֡
ģŵķشȵ
ŵķӣл̲סЦŵķϲ̨棬ʱڽƱ磬ǲǸӱ׵ڰе𡣡
ŵķصʱŭȵл
ִһⱬȥ
ǹ߷ѵ춯ɹ߲ʷˣֱлȥ˵ģֻ˭Ҳû뵽ڳ۷ֻУһССĳλ־Ȼҳ֣һǲˡ
ߣ
ͻأֵĸַһߣҲʲôͿŵķطĻ߹ȻѿʧΡ
˾ȻɻˣҲʾʵǷǷ
л֮£Ȼ˳ֵûκɫ޵һ㣬ȴзǳֵϢǾ̺ǼϢȻһ
Ϣ֮ˣŵķؾ
˹棬߲ʷ˵ȵȶһŵؿǸ߿վ֮ˡ
֮ĸ֡
Դ֮Ψ磬˼磬͵ħ磬֮⣬һЩԹĵطǾż


1965  ָ
ż֮ĽأҲǲʱĵطˣǾͷͨ˶ϣĵطһɳرٲ֮أǳջ֮ء
ζϣ
Ϊʱĺۼл֪˵ȴ֮⣬֮ƯżЩżͬƵһ磬Ȼʱ𣬵ʱйڣ֮ҲΰԾάЩż֮䡣
ݲȫͳƣʱƲż񲻼ڲż֮⣬֮һʮżаʮദΰϵؼֻʱ⣬ʣµʮദУѾ̽޷ڵĴʮദʮദżǿġ
ħʱħ̽żԣʮദżڶӴĶصΰػţħҲȥֻڱҲԤԣδгһգЩżڿ϶߳ģ࣬ҲħޣӵеĽʱѪ
ħԣż߳ĸ֣ǵһʮĵطǾͬʱϢħҲԣʱֻؽŽܵϵΪħͼֻؽ磬Ǳ֮⣬޷룬ħʧ٣Զʥʽֻؽ磬𣬸Ǵʥʥڻֵ֮ġ
ʱðһ֮⣬ż߳ĸ֣β˵ע⣬Ǿ
ʥżֵע⡣
ҽһ¡ֶ˵ĳԾ˿Ϊ⣬ƺ׼Ц׿췲֮żԴӰǰս֮żѾа˹٣ѽżӭλǰȥ档
׿췲ż֡
¶֮ҲڿеϢ֮˵ĸоǣһٻʢʱһ̤ĵʬƵĵط˺Ӧָо
лĹš
ʱ׿췲ȥ֮䣬Ҳлܹʲôġ
а֮ףлȷܱ
ʱƣҲȷ˵طʼ̬֮£ǷôսܹУҲ޷ӳģлıͨˡ
л³
Լİܹ֮ġ
леһĶá
һע˵Ķ̬һǰĵĲ鿴ڵ
ĸ˹ŵħĿʹ߲ʷһǼĿע׿췲
֮֮˶ĸ֣ΪʥʥԱֻؽ磬ż˾ϢħԺԶʥʵƶϣȷʱֻؽٵģ֣˲òرע׿췲
Ǳ˴˽䱸ţл԰ĵĲ鿴Լ
ҲȻˣѾǽ͹񽣣ΣõķʲôΣеĻҲ޷ġ
Ѫ˸ŵѪ⡣
һѪüļлڲϵɢܹлѪǶһѪţΪҲ֪ιʣȻûбѪ̼
ı֣лҲǸпѣͷֶεĪ⣬ǵ޷걣״̬
ʵ۽ĿлҲԽԽ֣ϡŹֵļܲʤ
ʱ˿̣лȫѪС
Ψеڻһ϶
ѪҲУؿʼﶼ
λã֮ƽ糣Χϸ˿ʥ׻ţˮһĻҵĸš
лǹһĨЦ⣬Ŀ
׶ǿ֮ܽ׼ٵһɵ˶Ҫɱˡ
ž
ط֮Ѫһȳǰ֮ĿƲ۵״׵硣
Ѫո̻ΪС
Ҫȫģֹͣǽݻ٣Ȼǲݵľ档
žžž
һѪϵط֮ס
ʮѪδ֮ױ׷׵ڣǰ֮Χŵϸ˿ʥı仯
ڴͬʱ֮פصڵĴׯ԰ڣһ֮Уһ޴󷨣׺ʥ۶ɵţʮֻ档
ʮȻĸ֡
ݸɵЭ飬ÿһֻǲһĳ۷弶ֽ룬Ҳֻǲ۷ɫĸֽûоͷһֻǲ۷ɫĸֽԴƣ֮ʮˣΪʮ˲ǳ۷弶֣ͨ켶ǿߣܹ֪ĽȻͷνġ
λ̫ϳϣ伴ɣһɣõĻᣬֻҪлƣתƵɵõлеĶ˵ǷףȻǳĸ֣Ǳܴ󣬹ʶλܸߡ
񵶿ս˫
ͷܽ棬ؿ޸о͸˫֮ҲͷܣֹһӴһɳ죬Ϊ𡣡
ܹ˹ˣתΪǳ֣ףҺܿδ
˶˷ܲѡ
Ǻ񿴵ưԵϣǾл
ף
ڴʱһ
׻ͷȥʲô£
ڵĴþ棬Ȼɣʵδɹ֮ǰԾɺܵĵģԶ
ƺܵĳĸš˵
׵˿󷨡
Ǿͷ֣ܼŵУȻһСûʥҫţΧڲϵɢʥ棬ɻδɢˡ
ǰµģǾ죬Ѿ˾޴ת䣬鷢˾
üͷűͬл壬ûȫȼʥ𣬱лһطſֲܹԿ䡣
ⲻܰɣҩָҲ޷Կ
ǿŵطӦƺлĵλá
֮ʱȻе渽ŵʥͻأĲ𲻶ƺܵ紵ĻƵġ
ãּǿ׺ȵ
ʮȫ֡
ĵصһʥȻ貵Ĺâܵʥ̼ܵ㣬ҲȻһͬʱʥδ档
лҲоѪͼƺõ֧ƵģȻ˵ȫѪȻǿѪӿ뵤ڣҪ֮ףֻʥ׶ģѪ룬һӱ̼˰֮ס
ž
֮һһĨ
ǵڵѪȻ飬л͸оսǣѪҺȵȵѪͳͳı顣
һдл֮£սӿ
ڻָ


1966  
֮ͬһƵģǿȣлֻһ΢棬ǲֻױݡ
ϵѪһԶͳͳɢ
üļѪͼ˾ҵĲҪ׼һ㣬һĳˡ
ء
ڴһܼı졣
еͳͳѿ渽ŵʥҲɢļֻһЩعĵشһʥ棬һʥҲ˾ҵĲƺҪ
ã
лڿ϶ŷǳֲ
侲ֳر֤䲻ҪƻֻҪлϣǾȻлᡣ
ԣЩ֡
ʮַ׷׳֣ޱĳ
֮£ʥȻ»ָǵʥ޷ɢȼţҲ޷ٶЩš
ӦľǣлеȻڡ
üļѪɫ⻷á
ȴ޷л棬޷κεá
лһ壬лһ糣
ΨһǣüϵѪͼͬŵ֮ʱܽлĹ
ӵа֮׵лҲǿ󣬼̫ǿİ֮ףͬԼû֣֮İ취ǽ䣬ҩָȱƽʥҶ޷
лһԼƽ
ʱǽѹǰΣá
ܵΣл۷оڿ˷׷׵֮Ƕڵ˽ƣԼʮصķΧڣнҲ޷á
ĳҡΣƺҲĳֱ仯Ž޷롣
лҪ뿪봳Щ˵İΧȦ
˶ˣг۷弶ֶ֪ж٣ǺɫҲڵлܹԸġ
λɫ꣬лսҲԾǺͳλֱƴҪ볤۷ǿ߶ԿôҲҪ볤λ
лڣǳļѡ
ʼߡ
ֳû˲ģ̣Ͼǽ͹񽣶ջġ
λɷһԡ׿췲˶һϺȻ¶һĨЦ⡣
׿뽲
˹߲ʷҲĬȻͷ
żͻȻ֣߳ȷźܴĳ
λҪżڵ˻棬ĿǰΪֹܣżʮҲֻҴ߳ѣҲʥǷĴڰˣҶʥҲû뷨׿췲˵Ȼ뷨ƾһˣҲԶȡһ㣬һ֪֮ġ
Ļ˵ĺܺȴûš
Լõ鱨ʾǲŵġ
֮˱͸ظУȻЩ䱸żڵ˵Ҳʱġ
׿ֻΪһʥȷŰ浭ĵ
׿췲ЦλţҲûӣʥֵʱǷᣬλȻ֪˵ʵʥż˵ûʲôãȤֻؽǲŻҪȡ
׿⻰ʲô˼ѵ˵֮ڻֻؽɣ
ֻ֪ؽ֮󣬵ȷһڣڻûа취߳ôҲҪ굽ʱаɡ׿췲Цеĵ֪ƺһλֻؽŽܵϵ
һ˵Ŀⶼ棬Զͨϡ
˭֪ͷʱйأʱȷֻؽΪȻľͻ뵽
лҲע棬Զͨ¡
Щ˶һͬ㣬ǾȫԵģǵϵŨϢվڸһ֮С
Ӧǵħ統һԵĸ֣ǲˣԣġ
߿νС
Ǳ˴ңţһһǵмͨ׿췲
лǸصĿȥĿ׿췲ϣ͸۷·𿴵׿췲һ֮֯ɵţͬ˴ѭԲȦƵģܹ˴ġ
һͷ
𣬺ơ
лԺнĸ档
һл趯񵶣ʩչƶնɱ¾һУɵֵɱ¾һն϶Էı
һʩչνǾ֮ͨƱ˵ıɱ֣ڱԣǡǡ
һɱ֮ױ
ֶлԺвϵţ˫ĿƺֳлӰıһ״̬С
״̬лĴѾĴ֮ࡣ
ĳ䶫ˮ֮ŭݵȵȶͨ˵״̬ɵĶںϡ
νںϣлԼɲǷ
ΣлҲǼ졣
ȫУֶαԺвϵԸַʽںţγǿʽ
أлʳָ֮ϣƺŻ⺮š
л״̵̬Ҳ
Ҳ̫˰ɡ
ڿΣأһл߻ħġ
ǽŵս˫üļ˸ʥ֮ԴͼлüļѪӳȤ
˶лʱе
Ͼ׿췲̫ͬ˵Ļͬ˸о𺳡
żʮǾԲϾżҲˣ˭Ҳұ֤ûоͷڣΨһ˾ĵǣżڵľͷϵģǱ˴˶Կġ
ϵģʹˡ
оֻؽ֮˵
׿췲ʲôһ۷ĸŭȵ㷽Ҳ˵ˣżҲֻ߳һƾʵηֻؽģǷˣ֪Ҽֻؽǣġ
ûͷΪɲܹ֪֮̽ģ׿ֵĻš
Ҳ޷ͣҪ˵ǣʥв޴ֻؽ羫ڣԶͨĿǶȡʥϣǸλǻٵʥͬԶʥĿһȻĻʥĽԶͨư磡׿췲
ʥİֻԶʥ֪ȴûüʲôֻƬ˶֪һ㣬ǾԶʥҪгжٵʥġ
ҪƺҪָֻŰɣǿЦ֪ǲҪٵʥġԶͨ
׿췲ЦǷˣʱȻ˵ɫҲ֮һ䣬ԵøӵɸԶͨ˵żԸֻؽҪ߳ҵȻĻߣ


1967  ֻ
ԭܽģǱ˴˼ǵżڿ׿췲Ȼר棬͸˹Ȼ⿴Ⱦġ
߲ʷЩѡ
ǲֲ࣬˼ҶԿĿǰƺΪ׿췲Ҫ鷳һҪףǾڵľŲʷˣƹԶ֮ͨ䶼ǳеģںֻͬһ¶ˣ߲ΣǻǱ˴Եġ
׿췲ǾʥܹԶͨ˴ĺôͬԾŲʷ˺ƹ£ǡ
ҵϣżֻܹؽɱˣЩҲˡԶͨ˵
²̫õġ׿췲Цһתˣλź֪˵Ŀİɣֻʥ
Ļ˵ע⡣
лһ˿Ĳʵ׿췲̫ˣż黹ħĶԣ벻עⶼѡ
л񶯵Ҳ˶ںϡ
עл̾ͿлУӰصˣʩչƶն;Ӱ
ӰصڳֵӰҲ̻Ծ
Ӱ㿪ʼصں
Ҳǵʱ̡
̸ǱˣһָоεĶںϣԶ֮ǰĶΪо֮Ĳ
֮УʲôȻˡ
лı۾
üļѪͼҲûͷѪȫǷԲ׵
ף
۽ͻȻ֣лĺ󱳣ƺһһǷ·ɱױ
ֵлںϵĹ̡
ǻγɰԲɰԲ߻ؽǢںǾγһԲĴˡ
һĽӽ
ž
Ȼ䣬л۾ˣǻߺҲһںγһԲȦ֮ʧ
ɹˣ̵
лǹһ˿Ц⣬΢΢ĵͷɹˣ󶷼ںϣȫµĶͽֻذɡ
ֻأֻء̵
ȡ˼
лʼһǾֻغɫת䣬ͷ֮ϾŽܵϵȴ޷еİ
ۿ֮ںϣﵽƽ⣬и򣬵óȫµֻضһ
Ȼ֤һֻصле
ֻصΣҲڴֻǸоУƺҪҲҪǿһߣлδģȻжܹԽݡ
࣬лľ״̬Ҳڿ֮С
Ǹ߿ŵ֣ӿɺ飬Ǹʵܹɱ
ûע⵽лı仯
˶ע׿췲
ĿΪսħս׿췲˵
˻Ȼ
Ȼ֪սħսԴڻ֮õսħսͻͽ̬ʽǾͶͷĶȤҪõġ
ֻսħսﵽȴ֪
ǺܶܳʱˣԾûʲô֡
˵ĺʥǰҾԲ᲻Ķ˵ŵķأ׿췲ĵƷ׵˲ڣкġ
׿췲ûŵķһۣУŵķеޣԶʲôвģλ˭ܹҵսħսĲмףȥѰңұл
мףҪǲмףȻ
ûֻǲмףͷͬھģǵҲӵ£֪ǵļжѾ飬ɢڻ֮ĺܶطǸλõҲûʲôôԸ⣬ҿر׿췲
׿췲ӣӣŵķ൱ķУһ׿췲⻰ЦóʲôرͷļвƬκһƬرģֻҪĹذ£ͿΪòм״Ķ
׿췲ȻһЦһһɫľƬһЩɫ˿ߣ֪ɷһһƬмס
˿ľ
˿ľ
ֳʶ˻ǲٵġ
ܶ˶ˣ˿ľʱһĽ˿ϲժ˿ǿԶͨģľԷ͹ͨ켶Ĳѡ
леĶˡ
ΪľԵĸ֣ȻĶѡ
˭һƬм׻ȡһƬ˿ľ׿췲֮ȴλĹ١
˵꣬׿췲˾תƮȻȥ
лԶȥıӰЦеĵ׿ߣвм׵Ļһȥ׿ֶһġ
ڴлֵĻ档׿췲Цʧھͷλڻ֮Ķһǣڻ֮Ҳ
ˣǸڿʼȻעġ
лͷȻȥ󡣡ŵķЦ׿췲ӣһŭлͷϡ
лЦЦĿŵķء
ֻл۸ˣȻҪ۸ôҪΪ˸۵ģȻǰװУܸġ
׿췲Գֵ뿪ǰ󲻹ӵʱ䡣
ȴ˸뿪ǲŻȻǴĿлʲô׿췲
ֻÿһ˵ж׿췲һУҪСĵ
ֻŵķػûǸʸҵлӵĵ
Сǿ
ãã㾹ңҾͳȫ㡣ŵķŭȵһ㱬л
һνǣһȫ
ȫжˡ
߲ʷ˼ͬʱζΣסŵķصȥ·ûгֻ֣ǽǿѹȳȥ
ɶһֻ̤ͨ켶ĳǿߣڻ֮Žǰĳǿߡ
ǹͬεһײŵķصϡ
ۣ
ŵķصһѪ󵹷ɳȥ
λ̫ˣʹ帥˹ŭȵ
ǰ֮γǶ档
ֱҲж˴˶š
ŵķͬһһڵϣɫҰޱȣڲ֪߲ʷȼǿߵؿֻǿһ磬ȴ֮Ĳࡣ
лûȤеĶǴӦú÷һ£һá
ͬ顣߲ʷ˵
˹ƣȴҲΣ֣һ޷⣬˼ֳĻᡣ
ðɡ˹ͬˣһ㣬ҪǾл񵶱С
Цƾʲôǡ
߲ʷͬЦǣҿ񵶻ء


1968  ֮
վǲɱķִ
леЦеΡ
Цǣ൱Ҫõɲô׵飻εǣлʲôʱ׸֮˵Щ˿⣬ֻ̣ȴɳʱ򣬱Ǹ۵ʱ
ʵǷȱ
ҪҪû뿪̵
лЦȻִ˼оųɶϣֹ˰г֣ҵĿռָһǱȻ֣ʱǾһᶼûˣֻܵȡ
뵽ߵΣ
ִֻ˵ıĳ۷ĸֲ֪мʮһ޷ɱллкܴյģֵĻһ֮¾лΪҽġ
汻
Ч
лֻܾĵȴţͬ˼ߵİ취˵֣һͨٶ뿪˵أܷӳٶȣлţȫߵģֻǴ̣ٻЩΣյģһ취ǿлϵĽʩչĻһƻлΪܹһɹȺǿνοһ
ʶΨеȴ
ҪѰҵһߡ
Ҳǵţлԭƣ˸оɱţ޷жȻͻɾģл˵һ޴ƣõõ뿪˵żİ
л㿪ʼ͸۲鿴ܵ
֮£ʲô޷ء
лһ۾Ϳûµļ֮Ȼֻǳ뼫֮ñȴɵǿٱлһɱġ
ͺöˣٺ١лﰵЦѡ
õħں֮γɼ֮˵Ҳͼļ֮Ǽ֮ȴǿľˣелһսȴǳµġ
лڵҪĿıӶἫ֮ļ֮ɾʥܵõʥǿȣɸ֮׼İˡ
ɫ۲졣
лͿ˿棬˹߲ʷ˶Լһơ
Եĳ۷弶ĸųֵġ
ǽǼ֮֮ݵģܹû£ʼл͸
Ϊ׵ĸƤˡ
񵶣ͷܣ񽣺ǽÿһѰĿ񱦣ǿԻΪݣ񽣺ǽһģһ壬һıлΡ
ԣҪ񵶡
ƾʲô㣬Ҫ񵶣ͷܹ㡣
ͷͱͷٵˣǱҪ޸ҲҪѴѵʱѪſԣҿ͸ãǱǵħġ
ˣ񵶹ңԼ䡣
ǶĿ񵶡
ҲǿģͷûбĲϵֵܼ񵶲࣬ȴǱļǳױϡ
о񵶿ǹϵһ˭õ֣λͷõΪǿߵġ
УлͿ΢ļ֮˴˻ŵţͬʱǼ֮Ҳֳע˾ƺлһ㣬ֵúܵλ
ǵλҲעǵļ֮л֮ǰϵġ
лЦѡ
װĵǺ
ܹ֮ҵļ֮߼ļ֮˰ɣںϰȭϵеĶıɡл
㰵Ĺ۲š
֮ܿ㵽лǰԼһ׵ľ롣

׼лʩչȻֶΡ
͸ۣںսɵ̱ǰһ׵ĵ´Լ׵۳һֻ޴ơ
žžž
һץ֮̽
лһһ
̱֮ϣ೶ϣǾζţ֮˴Ӵ˾ͳʧȥ֮ˣ㶼лˡ
֮ơ
ļ֮Ҳͷų֮ںлľ磬Ҫںּ֮ɲô׵ġ
лҲҺ̬͸Уںϡ
ºļ֮Ǳţﻹʲô֮ܿͱȡľںٶҲȻӿ졣

նֶԼ֮ƿأʱͬľС
ĽҲִһˡ
ôˣ߲ʷ˳
͸˹ҲǽĿŸԱˣǶü֮ҪӶµл
ԵһӦ˱˴˷ֶԷˡ
ҵļ֮ˡ
ҵҲˡ
Ҳǡ
ֶ¶Ȼ֮ɫĽ
Ҳһ֮ȫӳܹðͷɵġ
ʲôܹἫ֮
л߲ʷһѿڽел˼ʱ½ػߵսʱʹطļ֮ס
Է׷׿л
ͿлǱŷŵģüϵͼ˸ţδء
µģ޷ѣһ¶ѣôܳ֡ŵķش
лüļѪͼܶ˶ǵͷ
˭֪
Ļô£ǵļ֮ƾʧ
ֻ֪ȷԲлڵлǰϵ⣬ôʰŵķؿ϶ĵ
ȷûнлҪ־Ͳ̫ˣļ֮ȷʧˣԵʧѵսħս·ɡ
˹ûֿԼģսħսǾ߹ԵԺ߷ԵԵģǵսԵͨ켶սףҲͨ켶Եģ滹󷨣ɼ֮Ҳûпܵġ
һӣ˵ĺ
ͨ켶ıҪܹռ֮һ֮ҲǼ򵥵ͨ켶ܱȵģһ˲䣬˵Ժжսħܺսܵ֡
󳬼ͷĶƿΪģкܶഫţƿ֮ģǰǱġ
˵ԺжðһͷǾлĽ£֪¶ĵطһܹ񵶲Ķơ
λô䡣˹
˸âƣ֣ͷܣǽһݣݣƽΡ
ԣҪͷܣǽһݡʹ帥˹˾
߲ʷ˶һۡ
Ҫƣ߲ʷ˵
Ц񵶾͹ˣ
Ҳڷõ


1969  ̶Ѩ
սħܻսܣǶǹϵķ棬ǿģϾƱǿķ褺ħûзıڣʶƷǿбǼȻƸ󳬼ͷô꣬Ƿ󳬼ͷµ壬أ
ʶͬĪջ
Ƥڴһ£Ҳлһҵλã˴˻һۣɳһˡ
ÿǳ۷徳ǿߣһصҲӵм֮Ȼͼļ֮ǵ뷨УǿضƵģڿˣ۶ţһѾ׼ʱԳ֡
Ϊֹٶȶ߼֮˸Сġ
֮Ȼ׵ðʧȥ
Թ۵лʵڼںϼ֮ļ֮ڷٵţȻ֮ףıܹﵽܸ߼ļ֮
ޱĴ߶
֮лȫ֮£ڱǵľױлӵеļ֮ɣҲʹ⼫֮Ѹ͵

л³һȫļ֮Ҳڴﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣȻǲ˵ӳһɵڻ£ϰȭϵеԶ˵ս
̬
۶𲽿ĸ֡
˶ǳ۷弶ǹƽԾлһҲ򲻹ֻߣлһ޷ļŻֵĻܹһɱ
˵ĳ۷弶һЩնɱ˶ҲǲСʧż׿췲ûĿģҲעҪɳٵĸֹעţǿεģҲǣǺܴˣõ۷弶ַˡ
лһ֮ҲشʶУȫҺ̬̼ı
Һ̬൱ڳλǿߣлҲǳ֣ȻǺޱıϾ籩ƾԾлǿĹɸ賤۷弶һشġ
Ʋڿ˵ע£лֻͺ۾ܶȻᱻɵģʶֲǿռָڵѾֻҪһ£̱ᵯռ̶ָҵع
ણણણ
˶϶ǵжƴڣ˶סؿţ·ͻأֳ
Ųƺˡ
һǰȥǿƵļ֮Ҳʼ£ؼ˵˼Ҳشӹעлתֻ̣зǳٵһ˼עǸĵǿʧȥ֮
֣ôоƺЩԾü
˹ɻĿ
߲ʷҲ˵һЩĿ档
ͼ۹ŹֵлϴһδʲôĿתƵ̵ϣʱ۷ų⣬ˣ̲ԣΪûػлǰֹǵ汦лش
һ˵˹߲ʷͬʱһ
֮л̾һ浱СˣȻ˼ҿˣʩչ֮ĸ־ͻעʧȥֵĻᣬװ޷Ҳʧȥκεá
񵶣
һȣռָڹ⺮һ
͸׳񵶱Уռ֮ĸֹעµĵڶ񵶺ɨ
ã
ֱϾǳ۷弶ĸ֣ͷǼĽ֮۳ɶػǰ
ʱȣ֮ɵӲֵܹѾõлȫһ
Ҫκζ֮
ۣۣۣ
֮۵ĶƵʱ㱬ˣҲǵĲǰԴɳȥ
л׼Ѹٵ̽ȥ

Ҫնɱ֮ſܷõһ֮һȴ֮ȻһûץǼ֮ƺбɢ˱Դǰлնɱ֮ɢӣɴҲܿõ֮ģǶǽԼͬڣȻ޷
лͻȻ֣ʱиֶһ
˶ˣлǼװ޷ʲôνսħܻսܣǼٵģԭлӶġ
л
Ҽ֮
ʧȥ֮۷弶ֶŭˣͬʱǰɱڵĶлһҪлʬε˼
лֽ񵶲档
һ壬ղűһĺ۰
лҪˣƽǲܵġЦ
۾涾лЦĽ񵶲棬ʵ氵ǿս񵶵ķ̶ȣҪ̽ĽϾֻҪûнлǾȥˡ
ֻһ֮£ȻвȻδĽٵ壬ϵشȥҲǽΧһڵĽ׵ȣûκεá
ҪĻˣӲߵģȻ֪ΪܹӰ죬ƾʵҪǵǰ뿪ǳ˵Ρ浭ĵ
Ļеĸֶʵǿֿ
г۷ֽſ棬˹߲ʷγɵһΧȦڶΧȦǳλĸ֣Ϊλ̫࣬ȻһĸγΧȦ
ǰߣȫǿĸ֡
лҲֻеͬʱһսʮ˵ĹҲֻʧһ·
ߣλɲҪɱãҲоһлʲô֮ͬ¾Ȼ԰Ȼһš˹зǳƣͷ˹пµġ
߲ʷҲɫĿĶлð߲ʻ棬˫Ҳչˡ
ҪץңеѶȰлһ֡
ȻһЦ˫лĻУüļ˸ʥ֮Դͼ
˵˵λɫĶǶ֣ϵĻ¾ǳ۷弶ҲкܴĿܱɱģʥ֮Դŵı֣ǿĿ涼ͷ۵ģ޷֤˵£ɱ̵ġ
⣡
лıɫâ˸ޱչ
õģȻͼнɫļ֮׵еĻȴ谭лá
Һ̬Ҳӿţʮ淭š
ս֮Ҳ棬лǹһ˿Ц⣬λʼɣлܲ뿪˵ء


1970  ʲôٶȣ
֮ʵԶʤԼ֣Ծʮ㣬лֻһǾٶȡ
ǰлֻǳλɫʱ򣬺ͨ켶λĸֱƴһٶȣӲ˼׷ſаӣҲл֪ͨ켶λ֣óٶȵģҲδܹ׷
Сֻ˦˼ҰӣҪ֪ǿͨ켶λ֡
أлﵽλɫĵز࣬ٶȻ

߳ĺȻԶͨһ£۷ɫʵҲ޽ӽͨ켶ˡ
лЦˣԶͨûİ
Ȼ֪ԶͨΪζԴԼ˵Ĳģл֪һ˸־ţ϶ܴıУΪκһְȫԳû͵ϮɱģϾԶͨ˶֮ͷģκ뷨óѣȴܰҪ֣֣ܳħ־ԲȵĲֵġ
Ҳ˵Ρл
ҪԼ֮Ĳ״ﵽľԽ˵ȸնɱҲǰϾڻ֮ʱɲ̵ġ
һתԭǿлеһлϣ˫۹лĲϣ˫ȹסлޱƽлϣЩ˿
̷βлЦ뿪˵֮һҪƵ
Ҳ뽫Ƶء̽ĵĵ
⻰ǵлʱӦñ̷ֿ˫ȵĸס·һӿ졣
ɧ
ΪƵ̣ҲҪɱȥлµ漴ֹԼɶʱ˷ˡ
ˣ
߳۷ʹõıһµĳҲ൱ĿɹۣڵϣƵŽĵ涼ѺۣҲħͼأϬ
ҲɱСл̬ĺܸߡ
ľʯ棡
л΢΢һʯ죿ʯбĳģ
ľʯϵʱһĨŭɫһΣ𳤵ݺݵлնɱȥٶȶԣ൱ɫģǾˣǴŭ֮Ҫлһһ
͸۸ǿȣлս߰Ѫڣе񵶸о˵ƣҲҵĲĵ²
֮սںϡ
лǰһʹ˫ֺ񵶶ľʯǵĳնȥ
֮ŭ
ǰȭֶںϵĽףϼ֮ںϣ
ûм֮лҲаպͳλɫ治·磬˼֮ɫ꣬ҲһսģȻ˵ǰǲκεĶ
˿̶֮սϣٴ񵶡
𣡡
һը졣
񵶷·һ˸ŹâЯǧ͵ײȥ
𣡡
ľʯҲܵлһǿᣬһ˫־ٵ˷·һСɽص
͵ĵڸ߿շҵײ

̶ײ죬ʧȥǽ˫ǵԵĵ棬һĨ貵Ĺâӽ洦˷䣬ֲನŰµĽ𶯵ĳѺۡ
ľʯ΢΢һΣסΡ
л׻޲ƾ峬ļͳ̶ȣѾˣˣԾɱѪӿ󵹷ɳȥʮףѪ˫ָĺܣ޷񵶡
˵Ĳ಻Զ
̶ֳֵܹҲԱлԶ˲֪ٱˡ
ߣ
ľʯһٶȻӳն̵ĺ󱳡
ҲɵӣȻлҪͲʥ֮ԴйҵĿܡ
ᵽֵǿлҲӲӲ
ľʯڶȺУҲڵߵӣȴֻһߵĿʮء
ӲӲȻеġ
ء
ҵȶͼҲѸٵˮһ㣬ʵˣһϸСĽɫ׵ѸٵתıԵλãлһĽɫ׵汬
Ľɫ׵֯һ㣬ȥ
ɫ׵Խɫ׺Ǵɼļ֮ף֮ǿ֪͸ͼҲܷӳҵǾǳ۷弶ҲҪӵ
ƣ
ľʯŻӵն
ء
ܼĽɫ׵类ն飬ҲͣΣ۹ۿȴлѾԭأʲôʱ뿪ģ֪
ٶȵƱлӳ
ȻΪ뿪ʩչٶֻٶȵİ˳ңˣԾó۷弶ЩȣΨǼҺͷħĸǿܱ򶨡
ʩչٶȣһ˿죬лվľʯҲ󷽣ҲϢȥ
ˢ
ľʯѸ͵תͬʱɨұַʵԶлҲ赣˷
΢΢һЦлٶһΣһʧ
ʱľʯŻȻлʩչƷ磬Ҫ޷׽ӰߵӾǡ
أ
ľʯ淴ֽβڵϡ
һľܱȥܼûһ϶ȵлֻܳ赲һ̱׽лټȻһſɨȥ
ڣҽ֪ʲôٶȣлĵ
ǿˣֻƾſ죬޼£ǾҪչİſԡ
лʮȽǣһ޷˵Ҳ󻮳ȥʮ׵ľ롣
ɴ۾ţл
ʲôʹɡľʯӵĵ
л΢΢һЦ΢΢һΣͿһӰɢ̼һٶлڽǰÿһл϶̵ӰԷֱ١

һٶлͬʱźɱȥ
лȻʩչƷ硣
ǰֻľʯʩչģ˶ƭˣƾʧӰ٣ʵĳطˣҲΧȦڣϾһˣױֵġ
ľʯ治֪˶лÿһ϶޷ϳ١
˫赶䡣
ޱ϶һ˱ȻлҪشһʽӵ鷳
ݡ
һʱ䵶˸ݺӡ
Хĵ˺һеնһӰ
ӰգۼͳͳʧˣҲһ̣лˣҵľľʯϣûɵʱ
Яſֲļ֮սһǿߣȻлͻû֮ڣʹ񵶹âʢ
ݣ
쵽µһһ̣лٶȷӵ˾ųɣƾٶȣ̷·ʧˣؼΨһĨɱĵ⡣


1971  
һľʯΪ֮̾ǿ棬˹˶ʧȥؼһУΨ޼᲻ݵ񵶣ǵڳĸол޷γ񵶣³ʵܹл߱һնɱľʯһ̣˶񵶲˸Ϊǿҵ뷨
񵶳ﲻơ
ʩչ߰˳ɵľʯ棬ֻҪһɽٶȻָ壬ϧлǲᡣ
ٶ֮£ľʯֻǿнʣᵶ⵲

У貵ĵܡ
ʹƺ
ľʯһ˿Ѫ߰˲ѾˣռȻþֶΣлҲȻǱĲѪĲлʶ˫֮Ĳࡣ
Դ˽ٻле⡣
ٶΨ첻ƣǾԵǰԾǲܴ󰡡
елȻĽɫ׵׺ݵĺȥǲľʯ㴭ϢĻᡣ
ľСģ
߲ʷ˶Ȼ¶һĨ֮ɫæȵŵ߲ʻ̻һܵľʯǰ
ľٶľʯһƣԼãǿԵİɡ
֪ͷոͿܺȻ飬Ȼ߲ʷ˹ڲִٵĳ֣δܷӳ
ľʯ͸ееĳ⵽ػ

ֲһѣǿĹҲƫ˷򣬴ľʯ߷Խȥͷٵ٣ֱ߿ա

ľʯ汻һٶףײȺУ˸Ѫشˣ˫ͻͻĲѪֱڱˡ
ǳǡõסǹ·ߣҪһɱˡ
ʱ˲ſǹĺȻ̡
ǽлĽɫ׵ڻûʥ֮Դ߲ʷ˷ֵļʱгǡ÷⵲ҲǱɡ
һʱ䣬˶ˡ
лֱּ޼᲻ݰ
ǳԾлȻȥ
Ƶ磡

Ǻޱķӳǿٶȣ̣ͬһ⣬ҪԶȥ
£


棬˹߲ʷ˵ȵּ״һԶıԵĹˣȫǳԳǹģ
Хһлλζһ̰㡣
ġ
ʱлͺһûй̶̬Ĵ̣ûаĹ϶Ʈš
ɵıĹӷ϶зϸ߿ա
䡭
ֵܳһڵϣǼӲĽҲ֮ʧȥá
һɳлδ壬üļһ
ˢ
üļһ㱬ȥ۳һߣ渽ʮ𣬺ȻЩĸֹȥ
Ҫ˵⾫ܱ뺷лĿǰܹͳ۷弶ֿһµﾫǳλģҺ̬ҲʹԶʤͨľϿµľоŲʮ𲿷Ļ棬ܹó۷弶ּɵֵġ
һ㣬ǾǾԿһأɲԤϵĺ棬˹߲ʷ˱˴˵Զ£֮£ȴǳļɵԭܼ򵥣˳ûңǿɾΣˣףǻǴ棬ǸӪڹϵҲܽţڵķҺͶ壬Ǳ˴˸һģֻΪŲòֵģ˭±һ£յľ档
˼бĳ֡
䡭
бǵҲǿı̬һӱ㽫籩ݻ٣ǿľҲһ˰벽
лһ
ֻأ
ư£֮ƾճһ޴Уռ䶼ˣͬѰĿռѺۻ棬˸ŷݵ棬ǵĺһĵ˸ţһŹֵ
лȻ£Ǿ޴ҲȻŴһӱЩ֡
ոյֿһ˱Ҫٶȹ
ǸոٶͿǷĵطһĹһЩ˴ֲ֮£б뿪ǵĿƣȻԱߵͬ飬棬ϴ̼ʮˡ
ô£͵Ϯҡ
֪ǷҲǺöȻû͵Ϯ
ɱģȻ͵Ϯǡ
ǲңҲ֪ôҵĽͱˡ
̼䣬ԭͲ¼صǱ˴˶ֻֿضҪΧͬ顣
֮£λж
һλϵĸֻҲȾǾڳλлҲǾˣΧ۵˸Ǳлľޱָˡ
ʱ˿̾ʾ˵ˡ
棬˹߲ʷѸٵ룬ͬʱǿһ±㽫ŵݻ١
ʣֳһƬǽ塣
ϸŶʮˣľʮһʮˣеȶնˡ
վŵҲ൱һָġ
ľʯֵȼĸֶ˵ģһǱȻЩ涼Ǳ˴˲λ๥Ľ˵ףлֻض𵽵á
˾Ҳлϲѡ
öֵĲΣֻ˰ȺУǵ幥Ķ⶷ˡ
侲ǶǱлˣˣľ˹ȵ

һɱڵĿûгû뿪ԭصл
ӵĿһۣлţʹֻأǻǱ˴˻๥ģ񣬸Ǳ˴˷ɢͬʱߵ˾֪ˣϾԹ飬ͬΪһ˻ͻأ˭֪ûء
λһְɣ
˹ߵд⡣
߲ʷ˸ɴ߶߲ʻȼţȷ
һۻޱȣ𶯵ĳǽڶһѺۣƺҪˡ
λ´лں档лһţˢһ±û¡
żٸֳɽͨ켶λɱˣλܹڡ
ʧȥлƾͷӳˣȥ磬޿ɵֵġ
һȻգе棬ԲǧڵĲȴǽ֮˸âûеһнͳͳıݻ١
ЩҲ޷վȣ׷ڵĳ
ո뿪棬һĨڵ±һӾͽʹͻħ˵ĸָնɱ
ˢˢˢ
ڵ¸طķĵ⣬лڵصжĹ
ۡ
˵ֵסַ⵲ͬҲ޷⣬Щ˵ģϸ첲ȵģͳͳϮɱ
˹ŭȥǵ׺ݵһȭȥ
ˣ
Բǧ׵ķΧ尼ȥ
Ҫлһ֮£߲ʷҲ۱ţֻҪлһ֣ػġ
°ݣ˹Ҳûһɾ¸УƺʲôΣյˡ


1972  취
ǿ縥˹ͨ켶λһսҲһĻʤʵģͻأΣУЩ̫ӦǵһʱӦˢһ±߿մȥҪ־µĸо
ˣ
˫أվĵطһų塣
һľˡ
ʥ֮Դȫһ
ʥ˹ѩɫٵȶĹâ½·һƹܵĴڡ
ұֶΡ
أ
ʥ֮Դȫʥػͬʱû°Ҳʱ
лҪð档
ɱ
߲ʷ׼ʱһһͬʱһɫĻһ߲ʻ滯ߴϮɱȥ
Ⱥĵ
䣡
ײһ𣬵ʱ㷢춯صıըǿֲನ˷
رһʮ׵ӣܸǱŰĲкۣոն㿪ɱһĸ˹ǿֲĵһѪϵˣС˿ڣЩԸ˹˵ȻСһգۼɻָǱȴ൱ŭ
˹ŭ
߲ʷ˿ĲЦˣܿ˹ǱҲǲװڻʱˣε̯̯֣ʾܹǡ
˹˵ʲô͸ſȴɫ䡣
Сı󣡡
лʲôʱеġ
͵Ϯ
˷
ȴл͵Ϯ˹һʼ˹ֺ棬лͺ֪Ȥûǧ״ǵطԣеޣȻͨ˹ˣ˹µ£̷տ߲ʷ˳û뿪˵أʩչٶ߿ա
˶˴˽䱸ţǱ˹Ǳδע⵽͵Ϯ
򲻹͵Ϯ
л˵ģһѿҲܲ
ƾ˹ĻҲδ뵽лȻеڰΧȦУȻδлĵ
壡
˹ƴȫǰͳȥҪܵĶ㿪һֻҪлᷴ
죬лޱٶȸ죬ο͵Ϯ
޶+ƶն
ߴƶնĴںϣɽɽΪӱϮɱ
ۣ
ѪŽ
񵶻ͬӣѪ裬ëƮɢǸ˹֮һѪۣǶࡣ
´ɱ㡣лһ֣̱ˡ
යӡ
뿪߲ʷŭȵҵĻȻȥ
ҲǻӶħźɫħĽתȥٶֹ
лЦһٶȷӵޣֱ߿ա
ƾٶȣɵĶ㿪
Ҳգۼȥһ׵ľ롣
ɱ㣬ĲΪˣ˹ǱףҰĳɱ
лһЦ񵶾еŤͷüļʥ֮Դͼ˸â
һŭĸ˹ʱ侲
ɱңȥĹɣˡлЦһٿȻأû¡
˹ĻӶ
ر貵
лѾ뿪˵ء
һս֮ʱˣ˭֪֮ľ棬巽ƽ֮֡
л׿췲ֻһˣȴ֮γƽ⣬׿췲򱳺żǿԿһˣȴûΪֻһˣлֻ̣ˣսΪƽƽ
뿪˵أлħפڡ
ȻħѾսշȻǽǢԴõõ鱨ء
ħפڵħפׯ԰֮һϾħħһĹ壬λͬСɡ
Сʱ֮Щһħ˲ŷפڡ
л۹۲ţֱСʱ֮ħΪ֮˲ŻصԼסȷû֮л̴ӵð
˿ûиеôĳԾǹҲԼ֣п޶
ôڣҴҲ˽һЩġл˵
л֪ʲôһ֪޲ԡ޶ĵ
̬лҲȥ˹ʵ㽫ħ˷ǰϸ˵һ顣
Ӧһ޶˵ħ˴γ˼ʮһǰЩǴħƵǵвźڵģŻлٳ֮£ɱǵܼᶨ϶Ȼǵħһͳ磬ħɾ𣬹ʶԴħνĹţڻ֮ڵ۷徳ĸִʮˣжʮ˱ڸʱפ޷ж˱Źע׿췲˸ռʥһϢܹõֻʮ۷徳ĸ֡
緽棬ǻͬвȷԣΪĿǰյ鱨ʾƺǽפ֮ǰͷ˹пнӦþµģбǣǷפƺӦҲǰ˹пµģǺܻɣڿֹܲ۷弶ĸ֣ӦûиĸţǵĿҲл٣սħսµһЩҲڱصõģΪ˵İͷħʹõһȱʱܹ֮õıƬͿܴ׼ͨ켶װһס
棬ǵжܽƽʱֻҪûʲô㹻עĶǲģǵ鱨ϡ٣ɿ϶ǣǵҪٵĶ࣬ȴһص㣬ԶͨµУм˾֮ģǺͷԡֻҪ˲նͷ­նĻܲԺлҪСġ
ſ޶˵лҲ
޶ֽһЩϸ˵һ飬ǵĸֶȵȣǳ꾡
˵лԻ֮ڵĸϤ˺ܶࡣ
֮ħУ֪ħ屳Ѵħж٣лʵ
Ψһˡ޶˵
лԴ˱Ƚ⣬֪˺ܶ࣬Ǿб¶ΣգΨп޶һˣʵλǲΣյġ
˽֮лһתħ壬ڴħһЩж֪
лټ£ҵħ̫ͣħ飬Ҳ֪޶Ц쵼ħ壬ħڣǺܵ͵ˣϲĲΣ֪ħܡ
лҲûʲôʧģҲҵ֮С
޶л٣Ľҵ֪


1973  ׺ʥ
лͷ۵飬ٱЧƵ飬θıòҪлױʶݣоֻҪ巽滺϶а취̼Ѫͼʲôʲôطᱩ¶ģ⵽Χ
ԽлٵҪ
ʲô취лϲ
޶ħʷһй䣬нģħо֣ʵܼ򵥣ֻҪ׺׼İ׺ʥȥۼġ
׺׼壿
лԺиַħŰ׺׵ĽŮӣֹòǸŮڵļɡ
ν׺׼һûоͷڣǰͷ˵Ѿˣﵽ֮ǰͷ۷徳磬һ׺׼壬һѾȥصĵطͼͻƣҲ˻ɣǰ׺׼İͷѾͻƳΪͷˣֻ䲻
ô壬֮ϣΪ׺׼ÿһ˶б׺Ϊħ裬׺׳ɳ߿ɴﵽͷĵزҲ˻ɣ׺׼ʵԶûбô򵥣û˵б׺׳ΪͷģǼͷħ׺׸ǰ꣬ȴڴﵽͨ켶λ֮δֹʶư׺׼綼Ϊ׼ͷ壬Ҳ˵źܴܴھͷġ
׺ʥǲǰ׺׼Щ׺׾еëлʵ
޶ҡͷǵǣ׺ʥǱ׺״ﵽͨ켶λ֮֮ǰеͨ׺׼ӳ֣γ׺ʥ׺ʥ˵Ž䣬綾˵Чڱĵطѵһ׺׼ҪУһģֻҲвͬ
׺׼磬ҪõеĶûô򵥰л뵽׼ȥͰ׺׼׵ǿеġ
׺׼ں׾ǰܵˣˮ޸꣬ˮΨѾĵħһŻƳ׾ĴѰҶδѰǡһˮлٿ׾佻׾ڰ׺׼ҲǱǳģյİ׺ʥҲǼܸߵģܹлٵ䡣޶˵
⵹һջ
׺ʥ֣лͽҲûκμɵˣڻ֮ȥ磬±ƣ䱻Ϊ
޶ˮлˡ
ˮҲװʧлһ£óһѸ߼սʼħħ͸ɡ
лл٣޶ֱð⡣
ħλͨսʼ䲻ʹõĻֻ׼սʼħӵи߼սʼħսһࡣ
лЦԺúøɣڻ֮Ҫĵطкܶء
ԸΪлٸͿء޶ϲ
ˮл㿪ʼ׾ǢˣǷ
˼У̿ڵʥսħսűǿʲôϢ
Ŀǰֻ֪ʥеҹⱭܽҪºʱ仹ûȷ޶˵
Ȼ
лҲеƣܵõҹⱭΪ
޶͵õҹⱭǻ֮ļһֵģǱ޷䣬ټϢ¶֪˵ǵҲ൱ǼǴһȻұҹⱭһЩ̣ۼһֻռһֵҶκηȵ뿪֮»ֵ̡
ԭлֹ֮ڵǶ֪֮ģܹóҹⱭȥ֣֮ܳû׬һʣܾһ£˵ҹⱭϢ
޶ҡҡͷʱûκεϢ֮ǰħ˵ʥ˴ϵģһһ϶ֵģԴҵȽ֮ʼնֻ׼׼ʶɱ֤ħʯ϶оǣǸ׿췲ҲѰսħսűѾ˵ͷ̫õĻͿܱҳġ
лԴ˲ÿɷ
սħսűǻҪģʵǿܵõġ
뿨޶Сʱл̱Ȼ뿪ħפˣؼ巽治֪ʲôʱͿǴ̼ѪͼɢâͿħ뱻еġ
Ҳģлûȥ׼ҡ
ȥͺ׾佻Ļпܱ¶ݵģջǾһջסͨٱױһ˿ķ䣬лġ
֮󣬻ǾǾԽǰȫǵ̾ͻһİˣȥͰ׺׼ĺ׾Ǣ
лǰйעš
ܵ˵ĺ׾伱ˮʱƳ٣ԽԽήңôȥΣյģҲûʲôֵҪ󣬺̸ܿˣȷʮ֮ɽƷ
ȷ֮л̻صסֱӳ´һǧ׵ĵطѪͼ֣Ҳʲôв
ٳһЩĿռ䣬龧ʯͷų
л̸һöƷ龧ʯУʼ
һսȻ˺⣬ǺõлЩˣʵ£۸սԶ޷Ǿǽ˸Բģ˴˶жԹŵĻˡ
һλᣬ´λȺ¡
棬˹߲ʷ˵ȣ϶ѡģȻСģģ۷徳ĸΪʱ޼ƿʩˣҪڻ֮ռ˵ʵǹؼ
л˷һʱ䣬׼ȫȡ
ֻҪΪ㹻ˣƾֶΣκ
龧ʯЯҲлϣ˹֮Ҳʾﵽ൱߶֮ôǷǳġ
ѾɵķǳĵħһУоŨĵħ
ټöƷ龧ʯħŨȣҲٴӡ
л̱㿪ʼ
Ǿ׾佻
һϾϵ
龧ʯڣѸӦǵϢ˵ĺܻһκӣƳɵĵħҲǷǳĶࡣ
ಣ
֮龧ʯڵĵħȻ࣬е龧ʯ龧ʯһ˿˿Ѻۡ
޵ٶȴлĿռָƮˡ
ƯڿУ˸ŵĺ⣬Ӱ¶ɣܹĿ޾ӣֻֻ۾ɵԲĺܴбϵëҲƱƵġ
ô죬ҪҪôءЩԥĵ
лƮȥģ޷ǿлУԥ
޵лȥȷϵǿ޵߻ư죬ǻûио˼ҵϮɱֻܵ
ܿӱչ״̬ѹ


1974  ɫ
ˡ޵һ˿ڴһЩź͵ģлδġ
ڿޣл黹ǺģǺʱ̫ˣܶ͵ĳɳٶȣлδұֻۣҪǾͷˣʥ֮Ул˵Ƿǳ֮ġ
ʲô£˵ɣµġл
޵а취ǰ
侲лȻվ𣬡ôǰ
ܹÿǰһ죬ǺôǲԶģҪ˵ǰ²㣬£ġ
ЩΪѡ
˵лüʲôʱôˡ
һģҪ龧ʯΪۣ
龧ʯΪۣ
лǰŵ龧ʯ˵ħ磬ЯʱΪָĹؼڡ
һʧȥлٶȾпܽġ
Ҫл˵ȻǷǳѵľ񣬹ʶ޲ŻΪѵģлԸ
龧ʯǰǰãлʡ
龧ʯûʲôҪʮʱܹҪ겻ֹ龧ʯڼûʲôõľڳȫ⡣˵
лһӣˣ
ʮ꣬ȣһ档
һ޳֮󣬸޷󣬲Ҫ˵һ龧ʯʮлҲԥͬ
һ㣬޿Ǿд߶лٶȼӿ츳ʧȥ龧ʯҲֻʱٶȻòãٶȻָοпмƷ龧ʯģܹͬٶȲ̫ģٱ˿ܶ౶ܹбϵġ
лˣ޾ϲ
лмɰգӿٶȣ
ųңΪõħѪֻҽ˻Ϊģû뵽Ȼҵĳٶȣ㹻龧ʯڳʱͻƣﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ˵
жɡл
Ҫ̣뿪
޵ɣ龧ʯڵ龧ʯǸ߼ģҶʮɵħȻ缫Ʒ龧ʯҪͨĸ߼龧ʯҪ߼óʮĸ߼龧ʯ뻹һʱ龧ʯٵģҲԽ˻ᣬһġ
ʮ߼龧ʯⶫеǡлһӣǰ̳һ߼龧ʯ
һ򣿡޾㵵ĵ
лЦ
޵ˣˣֻҪʮٶҲûõģؼЩԽ߼龧ʯڼƷ龧ʯ龧ʯǹؼ
ԣлֻʮ߼龧ʯ
㹻龧ʯҲжˡ
л̵࣬Ҳ۾ȥ۲ڿжҲǡ
𣡡
һͳ޺𣬿˷ܲѡ
ܹǰջʵҪǿһء
˻˼ͣϹâ˸ҲĹڶѻʮ߼龧ʯ档
ĸ߼龧ʯ㱻ŷ˷Ƕǽϣˣ龧ʯϵȵȣÿطЩ߼龧ʯӰ
ǶЩѺ۵龧ʯֺ
𣡡
Ҳ֪ģһУǵǾȻȻʹ˽ʮӣƯڿУĿҲŴıȴԵúСɵĻ
ǽӲ΢΢Ķ£㻺Ļָܿɡ
֮޵ɢɫţӿ޵ɢȥû龧ʯڵÿһ䡣
һʱ䣬龧ʯڵ龧ʯ棬ɫĵҫţɫĻݣɫħХţɫ֮ʵġ
ЩлһЩط龧ʯȻɵĵħڼŵģ΢Ϊ޶ǿ
ޱܣȷһͳŵħл̵ͷϷۼţϵϴţԽԽԽԽŨ
ڣ޺ȵ
ˢˢ
Ŵޱȵĵħһӳл̵塣
˵ͬʱһ
ĵħӿ룬ʹǵĵﶼǵģ·ʱΪĵħ޷ܣﱬѵġ
ŨĵħȻҪؽд
л֪ǿ޶һ˵ˡ
˵Ĳ̫ˣֻλ̾Իſµġ
˶ȫĵͶ֮С
ǵϵš
˽볣״̬޿龧ʯȻһХȻĵ⣬û龧ʯĸطͬ֩һ㡣
ǡ
龧ʯе龧ʯһѺۡ
һӿ޵ڣĵħҲһԶĳ룬ЩħǱɣǱˣʹõǵļͶȸǿˣ̺ױȵ
죬ʱ䣬޵ɲŽ
޴ĵҲѸٵСع鳣̬Ҳ¶ƣ֮ɫǾԺܸ߿һл꣬꣬Ҿͻġ
˵֮󣬿޵ûлĿռָڡ
л̣ԾС
ŨĵħɲһʱܹɵģǺܴģһս̫ߣﵽʮ屶һǾͣٶȸܿ쵽̫˵ĵز
ֹһ죬лת
һѣյ˿һСμ䣬֪˿޳ɹˣò̫ñɳġ
ȻлϣĽ
ȵսͬӣתȫܹγɳļ죬ɼлҲõ൱
û鿴л֪ɱ˰ɫġ
⻹ͨİɫزѾһֻ̤볤λĵزлжϣֻҪһµϡٵʱ䣬ͿԿ볤λǿȣʱĿڻ֮һϯ֮ء
ȥͺ׾佻׺ʥ𣬽䣬ɰĿޣȡ볤λٳءлĵ
վһ壬ǿҲϲѡ
£лĿ龧ʯ棬Ȼ龧ʯе龧ʯѾѺۣҲûһ˿ĵħ̺У龧ʯױˡ
ԴˣлҲֻ̾ϢһҪøĺô븶һĴۣվҪԵģԵõĺôʧֵһᡣ
лβܹѰһֿΪİ취С
п֮࣬۽㲶׽̣ĵ׵ʱðһаʱԾΪ̫Ѹ͵ЩܲˣҲܴȫˮʪ͸ˣ縡͹߸Ĺճ֮΢е͸ܹһЩµĺۼɿǱĺϵţƹл𣬲ϵ


1975  
ǾĶǵޣлˡ
ԵĿ̡
ȫٿ޵ķǳˣлܹӳλ볤λǵõͬȻҪλһα̬ʽˣڵѾﵽ۷徳ɫǿȣԾڿٵС
ڵĵħٵת
սֻǶǿȣյĵħҲͻиתΪսлǰ㣬ҪܹתΪսġ
ͻͻ
̾ͺƱѹµĵɣһɿѹԱ̬ٶȷǳľˡ
սٵš
ûã̵תΪɫģһûֹͣȻ״̬ƺҪһٳ硣
лѾɫת
츳Ͼǳܱȵģᶨ־ҲǼٵģ͸лĿ̵ӽɫתΪɫֿʼӰɫźɫת䣬ǹ͸񣬼лۣĺ
һı仯Ĺע
ֻǱ仯лʼ޷еİڡ
ƺһжȻ·˺ˮһĵûʲô֮Ƿܹ»񣬵Բ޵ķʸŶѣɵΪȡûѣοóˣʲô
лضŻ
Լ֮󣬻ʾ̰ɫڿʼת䣬ɱһĨɫġ
ҲζѾ볤硣
˵Ҫ볤磬ȾϣһǳӷĹ̡
лΪ꣬һأ̾ȻҲûѴ֮üļʥ֮Դ˸ŵͼƺһĨָ˳̬лͿ̵ˣﵽһĵز
ʥ֮Դ
ʥ֮Դͼʧлоʥ֮Դ̿볤緢޴ת䡣
Դ̵ٶȲ𽥵Ļ
ٹСʱֹ̾ͣ۾һ̣Ϳл˫Ŀ⡣
ôҸʲô̶ʵ˷֮࣬Ҳò˼飬ӵʥ֮ԴͶԼΪͷûκεĻɣֻʱ⣬õ˶ĵħͻƣˡ
лסϸ۵С֣ؽӵ۶ǶǵգڳĽëڵ龧ʯеĹһزţвµлҪʲôһʱֹЩЩţЩңӵٱȺųߵֶΣȻƽ
˫۽ĽӵڻУ̻ȵ壬ٵԴصĺлĿţĵ
ıӣͷɢŵĲ̵ĺøӴȴûз˫̧סлĲӣĦҷ龧ʯڶԵøľס
ǵ˵Ļ𣿡л
һĨǵ̬иһ㵭⣬˵׳ҪƵ㡣
ˣ
лһڸɬҺһѽ̵Ľİر壬ͷеţ̱ӣ˫Ȧסлſƻ򴺣۵࣬лͷ
˶
ǵȼţ̼˸Ѫ
֪䣬л˫Ѿ̵̽½ڣƺħ¸ϸĽһ£̵½㱻˺߱¶ٶӴ̼ţǸͦ˫Ħлš
̼ܵл·ɡ
գۼ䣬̱һ˿ҵĳлС
ߣһ˿覴ãĽÿһּл֣ظǳаϸ⻬ļƱ㵽̵˫֮䣬òš
鵴Ůյڵϡ
Ҳʲô龧ʯ龧ʯ̣һ

ôˣ
ҪƵ㡭
ǵΪ֮Ѫڣһ߱㷭ϡ
һĴ
Ƿԭʼ嶯ǿȵײ֮£ԭѾѺ۵龧ʯںȻһ
Ҫˣô龧ʯŪˡлĻУаָһлĶͷ
л̻ܵϵĶһ£֪˰ɣԺʵСļҷź򡣡
ҷǲ˼һǧް˼ҿɲ£ϲĽء̱ײһǰһԱҲҡ˼£ޱȵĵ
Ƕ˵ķ̼лðɣٴθͶ
һԭʼ˶ӿʼٿʼһδεģ׾佻ʱ䵽֮󣬲Ľ
罺Ĵӵ³
龧ʯױϣǲû̫Ӱ죬Ͼждĸ߼龧ʯϼƷ龧ʯٶȲ½̫ˡ
ԭ̾޾ˣл󣬸ǽĿˣһͻĳȣ԰εġ
̵ܹлᵽٱⷽİ֮ҲѣҲǼͣȻĻ϶԰Σ̵ʯȹ£ɢ̱лǿҪʹٱΪͨɫŮӣ̫Ư鷳ٶҲǵ̽Цֹ
ž
̷¡βһƣлøˡ
˼Ҳôˣ˼ҲŲļҷź򡣡̬ʮĵ
̬ǵлаٴһʱ䣬һҪ²
˵Ц䣬ǰȥϡ
Ѫͼ̫⣬ھɽмǧ׵ľ룬лû£͸ۣй۲졣
ͨٱһͨӣлһľ룬ɽȥ
ɽλڻ֮Ͻǡ
֮ɲ濴ȥֻһ򵥵ĳУӴ˼СǰСڻ֮Ҳ򣬸мСɽνСɽҲݺἸģȫԽ֮һ
ɽǻ֮羰ʤ֮һȴͨ˿ȥĵطûκε·߿ɽΨззܵɽۡ
ɽ֮ϣһ¸ǻ֮֮һƵģǿƽ룬ҲֻһЩƯŮԱбǹӦԺȵġ
̵֮󣬱¸һ䣬վڴڣķ羰׾δлҲȻʩչڣ۽׷Χڵһж۵ס
ʲô֣ʵ
лЦҲûʲôľʯŶʮɽԼһǧһطʹҲ֪ڸʲôǶɽǺעģҲ֪ʲôĿġ


1976  
罺һ𣬽Ŷ¥ĿлͨۿһУʱĺܿ죬ûãһӰлڡ
׾ˣѿڶ
ӵ̵лһô֪ˣ
׾ɽٻ׵ľ룬̵Ϊ볤磬Ҳܲ鿴Զľ롣
Ҫ֪ûۣĶֶͨΣƾ辳ȥ鿴ͨ켶磬ܴﵽԶľ룬ο̣ЩļܶδģҲرߣ˵ġ
Ҳ֪üɻĵոҵǰͻȻֺ׾Ļ档
ô£ѵͨҵۿ磿лȻ
̵֪
һ£лһ¿
Ǳ̬䣬лʼ۵λǰԼ׵ĵطһֻɰħں˯
̵һĨƺ˯ħ
벻Ǻ֮ϵˣȻһҵۣ氡лЦ
ҲеЩ⡣
лһ̵ķأǵȴЩ飬ǾһǸһúоһ
̬Ǹ
Ǹл¸һ̵ΣٺЦţʧڰڡ
òĴ鵴˿Щ١
ܿԼƽ
ٱã׾ϴμģ
ûã
ڵµлʼչעź׾䣬׾俴ȥҲʮӣõǷεģһϮѩ׵ǰڶŰ׺ףһѻ滭Ű׺׵ȡ
ӿɲǸӹţʵþǣƵһЩ׺Уһֻı׺ףǺ׾ħ裬İ׺ȻǻȥģǶһЩ׺׼ȥı׺׵һ˿飬һսʱ򣬽ħ׺ͷųȻһ˿׺ڣʹñ׺׵սġ
׾䣬λɫʵȻΪܵˣʼӰʵģ޸ָ֮ԭľ磬Ǳǳλɫ꣬Ҳǰ׺׼еٮٮߣص󣬹ʶеİ׺ʥ𼶱൱ߵġ
ûİлĵ
׾Ļˣǳλɫʵھɽǧ׵ʱ򣬱׾ֿǰ٣¸Ҫ˸ڵİ䣬˸߼л޷˵ӰҪ˵û˼˭ء
лɫȻĿš
ֻҪǳ۷弶ĸ֣Ҳʲôɵġ
ʱ׾Ѿڰڼ棬Զ
ҪƲ˰ɣûȤζ׾Ц
ͨٱһֺӣҲıߣֿûҪô鷳ֻһνװˣˮѾˣİ׺ʥɴˣ׽뿪ˡ
ž
ȴ򿪣׾ȶš
лҲעȣ뿴׺׼嵽ʲôȻħ軯ͼ档
һлͷֻ֣׺УһֻȻӲľԵ̣бǳȴֻħ׺֮⣬ֻ׺ͼһ˿˿ȻǷӡѾȥı׺׵顣
ź׾ҡӣֻ׺ͼ˸һĨĹΣǳź׾ģ̸
лֻ׺ͼɢĹһһģǵɫģܿʧˣҲ֪ʲô
Ů¥ȷ羰ʤأûƼȣɪ֮ء׾Це˵
ɫߵ׾䣬ûʱ㿪Ц
Ůɷһԡ׾¶һĨЦ⣬ֽչϣһֻ׺ҵħ裬ֻҰ׺׼ı׺ǰµ飬֪˰ɡ
˵ĪȻ
лҲЩȤˣƾ̵ٱͬٱɵ˷ܹ鿴İڣ˾ѷֵġ
׾֪ġ
Ǵ˷ڰ׺׼ڶӦеĻǽ䣬ͬͨٱ˵ģҲᱻʶƣ
Ļ׺׼Σճ̶Ƚл˵âڱԺжҪע׺׼塣
ȻҲʶһ㣬侲
Ұ׺׼ı׺µһǾܹԷʵ磬ֶԷǷͨױıò׾Цеĵ
ʵ˵ʲô磿̵
ɨһİ׺ͼ׾΢΢һЦλ
˫ĿжȻһĨ⡣
ٱʵ緽лİҲ٣ϾҪͨٱ׸ıһˣɲòߣݣߣǰȵȣ֤ҵһ˿
ھȻʶˡ
׺׼Σճ̶л̶һȫµĸ߶ȡ
׺׼ֶǺ̵ĵҲûзϡ
һЦ׾ֻһЩСˣŮĻױ̫ˣҿһ˿ɰ׺ʾǣһλŮľŮ
Ů𣿡̹ͷ
ڿǼٰһֿܴ׳ʿӣŮ˳ϰϵ
㣬Ұ׺׼ı׺׶Ƚ⣬˵ܹţеӣǵħȻԵİ׺ףΨŮӵħǴԵİ׺ףһֵŮò̶ȴﵽһĵزֻ׺зӦ׾ָһеһ׺ͼ
Σֻ׵ģ㲻뽻ףұˣûȤߵ
Ҫ׵̬
˵׾ˮӵڴΪھ綼½֮࣬ȻڴõˮЩָҪõ׺ʥ𣬲û˵ʲôô
׾伱æ
Ȼ
׾״ӿռָóһë
ëǰ׺׳ϵëѩ˸ŵɫΣһóڵϢͱø¡
׺ʥͨ켶λͷʧܵı׺µľ۶ɵġ׾˵
ˮ
˽еĶһƣ͵֮£ˮͰ׺ʥƮƮڶԷС
ץס׺ʥ𣬵ʱоˣ˸еޱȵģƮȻɡ
׽ǡ׺ʥҪ뿪

׾һס̵ȥ·еȺϱգ̵֮ϣʵԶ̣ĻᶼûС
̼ٵĺˣδ˿׾渡һĨɫĹâֱ͸̵硣
˸֮£̵ʱָ˱ĿٱȻƽˡ


1977  ׺׼
ʱڵ¹۲л״һ棬ûеһʱǸ䣬Ǻ׾ʵ߳Ҳһ־ܵģο̵ʥ֮Դ˽ľ룬׾ûз֮ͻᱻɱġ
лֱӳǸڵİ䡣

ֻǺܵľߺãûʲôʵģлһ±ƴ˽
һ˲䣬лѾλɫĸ֣ǶĿ񣬵ȴ׾ǱҪĻɳ׾ģȻ飬Ǳһ
һ¾ѹδӦл˫˫ȭֱҴȥ
ҲǾḻ֮ڵλǰ䣬˴ԶҲ׽ڵһж۵ף͵ϮҲ˶뱻һ˿ԾԮġ
лһֻ̤㳤λʵҪ˵ս³λɫ궼δĶ֣Ҫ˵ͨλɫǿߣֻܸ׾䵱ӱ֪ڰ׺׼ҲгϵݣӦڱԵʵĳϣλôδҲûʲôչλĿԺܴ󣬲Ȼ׾ʸָʹĶǡ
˭
ã
׺׼ĳϼķһҲʶĸһȭеֿ
һƳ
ִٳ
ʵв࣬ʮ屶ս֮£ȻֲлսѾܹһЩټǿĶԶ׼ġ
أأ
˵ֱ۵ͱҵѡ
ǵҲײȥſڷҽС

лǷײ䣬Ļ˾ͻֵᷢģһӡ
һʱֳָһӷŴְ䡣
׺׼ϵʱͱ
ʱ֣лĳٶ֮£˵ͷһ£˴ˡ
ˣлֱӴԽǽڡ
׾֣׺׼ǰҲʮʱ䣬ǡÿ̵Ĺ񽣵ں׾棬ǸոսһС
ǽӵ׺׼峤ϣлֱ̽ץ׾䡣
л
׾ڽ̵ٱ֮󣬵һ۱ϳ̵ݣ֮񽣣ͻأֵܹǽǱȻȻлˡ
лˣ׾ЩʮǰŵĴսԾЩǵĻлֵһᣬֻؽ˸ڵС֮ĶԹˡ
ܹ޸꣬лġ
лͻȻ֣л׹ߣȫëˣһδ򿪿лơ
ֻ׺̻һֻ׺ͼڡ
˻

Ǻ׾ħ׺̱ҪûܴˣΪ׾ͬʱɳħޣ׾δǰһǳλʵ
žžžžž
лȻһץս¡
ָ汬ָȡ
꣡
׺׻δɱڵȾͱлһץˣǱ׺ҲһʹĲҽС
лһϵлһ˲䣬ˣʩչʶ׺׵Ĳҽвûдȥ
Ӱһ׺׳֣Եڵϡ
ۣ
׼һȥ̾׺һûӳͱնɱ
׺׾һɳģ֮ĹϵɲʲôԼǰļ򵥣һѪĹϵ׺ױɱ׾Ʊ˺ݺݵϴһȭƵģؿڣһѪһ˲Ļ㱡
лûһץס׾Ĳӡ
̶һ½׾ĿռָժȻְں׾֮ϣȡļ䡣
ãԺзӡ̵
򵥣͸ʵ飬ҳƽӡ֮л˵
û⡣ŵĵ
ٱһ
̱ͨ׺׼ĳϿʼŽ׺׼ļӡ֮ҲҪһʱġ
Ѿ׾֪Լˣ侲
ұΪõˮ֮󣬻ָ꣬£Ұ׺׼벻Ȼ׾ɬĵ
лĵһͨˣ޷ʹκɣЩȵģҪңȻϣǹ˼Ӧǰ׺׼׺׼ǲʵˡ
Ȼлú׾ſЦĵ͹ˣȻôľͽĿĸˡһ£ʵΪҪ׺ʥⶫʲôãҿ֪ҩָġ
ǰ׺׼Ҳ֪׺ʥԽ䡣лЦеĵ
׾ɵˡ
Ȼǲ֪Щģ׺ʥ飬֪ҲȷΨħ巽档
ϾҪʩչҪͷͷֶټܶõַķֶΣ׺׼¶ûɣӲ֪׺ʥԽˡ
׾£л̵Ŀռָó׺ʥ
û֮˭赲ҡлŵĵֻҪûǰ壬ٶȺκˣȥ硣
Ҫͨ׺ʥ䣬ҪлѾֻܵȴ֡
̱֮ЦŸлѾҵӡİ취
Ķ˺׾׺׼֮˵ļ䡣
ȡȫ䣬㽫˾͵նɱ
лʩչǧ׵ĵطҲˣҲҵǡ
ʲô֣лʵ
̳׾ļһκģǱΪĨȥģǶģļʾ׺׼Ӧôھͷ
һУܱΪ׼ͷ壬ǾζţǼǷھͷʾǿҵĻɣֻû֤ݰˡ
˲֪л⣬ڸ㲻ǣͷǷ֪׺׼оͷء
㡣л˵
˵׾֪ĺޣǼ䶼ΪĨȥԺģͨطǿһЩҲɢһ¡õļ䣬׺׼峤ϵļ䣬ļںϣܹһЩۣ̲֮˵׾֪İ׺׼ľͷһǰͻƵģֻǾͷɫ꾳磬ǷľͷҲֻ۹ӦûһͷȻĻͷͻƣͷ֪бǣλãͷѾʮǰȥǼפڰѲǷоͷڣδκεĺۼΪ׺׼һڵ´Լ׵ĵطͷİͷ׺۶ɵģܹһ̽
лǷ֪ǰ׺׼ͬ˳Ϊ׼ͷ壬ӥдھͷ𣿡


1978  
Ϊ׼ͷģ߰˸֮࣬ħ緽˵Ҳмħ֮һսʿе֪ħûоͷڵģҲ˵Щν׼ͷУЩܴھͷЩûеģֻǵĲ²ѡ
ĿǰԶ϶ģҲֻа׺׼оͷ
ڰ׺׼λߣ׾ȻϾʵƫͣԻ֪׺׼صĵز̳׾׺׼̫ϳϽƺ׺׼ӥаرӣҲɹоͷڣҲֻǺ֤ݵĲ²⡣
лǸһץ͵ħбΪ׼ͷеĸ֣ǵļˡ
ҾãЩ׼ͷдھͷҲǿġ̵
Ŷôл
ֽǺ׾ذţͿһĵɫĹ淭תţϵ֮ϣ˵ǰսһЩͷ꣬˵ǱģʵǣڵĵطٳһĿռС磬ԾͷͷٵĿռС磬Ӵ̶ȲԶЩǰİͷЩֻͣڰͷ磬ѵİͷͨ켶֣ǳĸ־Ͳּܳɾ֮ɾ;ͷ磿˵⼸׼ͷ壬ЩνУҲֻͷûĺɫɫľͷš
лҲкܶĻɡ
ûģ˼ҲûţģͲܵһЩɾ֮˼Ϊһ֮ڣҳ츳֮ĸ֣ЩƣѪӡ֮£ﵽ׼սʶģóһһļʳͷġ
ǳɹʷǳͣǰôҲҪּǡ
׼ҵȷֻһͷл˵
ҲƣϹʥûɲǣԼ֪Ϊ׼Ҽ˵Ӧò֪ɡɻĵ
лЦˣҪôˣӦԼΪñĶţǰҲ뷨ֻΪõϹʥ͵ļŲɵģڿ緽棬ȷǲ֪أ׼ҷ棬ϹʥҲֻͨ켶λ磬ͷǣͷҲиߵ֣֪֮Ҳģ´֪ˣǾ磬ħżͷԴɣЩصľͷʵǿĿҲǸոմﵽͷɫĵز빫ЩɫľͷŷǳĲࡣ
Цһ㣬ɼǵãԶͨ;Ųʷ˿ɲñľͷǿǰݺ˼ͷõǵܹʵʹԶͨԽͷΪǿߵģ˿ЩͷҲģǳֵĻʵҲᱻЩͷնɱģܹʵɱ֤ûвǵĵλ
ȷˣһĻЩͱ磬ħԼллЦ˵˵õʲôļ䡣
ھͷ˵˶ֻǲ²⣬ٲ֪飬лҲĸԼʲôҪѹ
˵ǰ׺׼оͷҲֻģļ䣬˭֪Ƿǰ׺׼Ϊ֮أñ˾䣬ԺҲ԰׺׼һЩԵøĪ⡣
һЩõĶ˵
лֽԼĻУķһƣţ˵
̿ĻУ˵аǸӣ˵Ⱦǰ׺׼ѪѪ⣬ݺ׾ļ䣬һĸ廳̥ڰ׺׼ͻһϴ񣬴Ӷ̥δ֮ǰа׺飬һӳһֻ׺ǰǩѪԼԴ˺һͬɳǵľҲԶһµģһһžͻƣ˼ѩеƣûѩǰ˱һ
бǷǰ׺׼֮ˣҲԾ߱׺׼ѪǷź׾ҳ֣ͨط׺ҵѪұа׺׼ѪҲѡһֻ׺Ϊҵħ裬Ļ׾ţһǹģȻҶЩĵ뷨ߺߣôˣǱˡ
һһ㣬ǰ׺׼ڻ֮ôǿǶԻ֮ô⣬ǵҪֲһط׾䲢֪ƺǴطܹ׺׼ĺôð׺׼巢һЩɱ䣬Ƿ˻֮ڵʥսħսűǷħɽħʹ
̵˵лɫȻûر⡣
׺׼Ȼһܴܿھͷļ壬ôǿ϶ҪΪͷȫܵͷĹ׼
бԵħ磬ĴڵĽأյףż࣬½˼磬ֻ˼ĺܶطģﵽǳľ磬޷ҵģﾭֲˡ
׺׼巢һشõĵطҲǿģҲ֤һ㣬׺׼ȷԶûͷƿصôۺʱȻĻ֮ħɽħʹġ
ʲôл
̼˵оǹģ˴緽ǰ˵ص뿨޶ǵĻһ£ΨһĲͬǣ巽вǺͬģͬ׼ҵļһϵʹһϵԿƵģʹ壬ң巽棬ҲǷѵ壬˴˶Ҳ׼һϵûʲô֮ˣֻܰϵſԣǸԵ֮ʵµģʹΪ𿴸˹緽ϵͳ˧ʵʹڻԸĴڣʵ¡
ǣ׼ҷ棬˴ǰĸдһϵĸ֣ܹЩնɱôһϵӴ˾ͳʧȥͷͳεҲ׵ı߽⣬Ϲʥܹջᣬһϵصİͷ£˼˵Īϲˣţⳤ緽׼Ҵһϵĸϵ׺׼壬Ҫֽǵˣ׺׼δӦǿ϶ϵҪġ
Դлǳ෴̬ȡ
ЦǺǵĵҾãҪᣬҲû˻Ǻģ׼ҷ棬һϵѾռݾԵһϵ޷зǺģǲ˻ַڵĶ֡
Ҳпܡ˵ʲôʱݽ緽أʱͿԽһϵ˳նɱԳ󻼡
лҳɾͳλ֮ɡץϵӣʲôǲʲôô
һЦȵȷһЩ׺Ƿ׾еһٸɡ


1979  
̣лƺһɳڴѹָУ̵顣
ڴڴһĵزûʮİգֺܵģֻѹеǷڴнš
׺ʲô
лǲ⣬ϧǣ׺׼ĳϣǵħ׺һǧǰѾΪǶսˣδﵽͨ켶磬ûʸ䱸׺׵ģȻĻӦò˽Űɡ
ҵİɡ˵
ǽŵģлɻô£̵ľѾĥѣӦ˵ĽŲŶ԰
װ׺ܴʲô
ðҸġл֪ƾ̵ľΪֻҪȵȥɹ㲻ŵģֻҪţɹôҪһЩģ˵ŻֱҪÿ̵·
ѹҵˣ֪˼ƽץסлƣŽؽڣűȥ׼ҶŶ
лһ
ܶҲ̫Ϊ˰ɡ
һǷݼ𽥵ƽϢʮ֮ų׵ĽֽţԼľץŵǰ׺Ҳ˸üļʥ֮ԴͼһĨ棬ǰ׺һ׺׵Ӱ
ģͷ·Сİ׺ס
Ȼ̵ִӿռָóһСƿӣʢѪҺҲ֪ʲôѪš
ѪƯڿС
Ǳ֮Ѫлɻĵ
ǱѪ۶ɵѪһ꣬Ͻ;Ѫγɵһȫµʥ֮Ѫ˵
ʥ֮Ѫȫµģ
лͷȻһв²⵽̵ĿˣҲΪ˼ˡ
ͿĬʥ֮ѪڿһĹΣƺڽһϴƵġ
Ӳɽ̵ĶͷҲϸܵĺˮȻĺܴлϰٻָ֤ʼմ۷״̬
ֽʥ֮Ѫѹ׺۵İ׺档
һӴǰ׺̾ҵĲһ˻ƺҪɢʥ֮Ѫ
ʥ֮Ѫ󣬰׺Կʼɱ䡣
ݣ
ʥ֮ԴͼҲֳӰ·ţһʥ֮Ѫȫֶ׺֮󣬾Ȼ˳Ű׺һĹΣɢâл޷Ρ
Ҳʼٵ
ʱȻš
̵ܿлٵĻָȻģٻָ˷һʮ֮࣬ĵ˵ܹͨ켶ˡ
Сʱ̵ǿɣȻ˫ֶǾƵȥɵȥ͸ȥ
𣡡
һ춯ص
Ǿ̷ɢٿĵİ׺Ȼɱһʥģצĳ
̾ϲվлҲĻ
㿴̷ٵתΣڵϣҲ׵˫ַٵڿлţһţʥӰ̳С
еٵıա
һǿƼ
лǽʥͷϷظǣǷǱеģ
оǽʥϢԽԽǿֱأ˱ͬ
գ
̵ͺȵ
ʥת裬ϣʮȻһ̵üڣһȫµʥ֮Դͼ
ʮʥ֮ԴǾʥ֮Դ
˱仯Ʋôʵ̷ıĿʼ
Դ̵ʥ֮Դ޴ת䣬汩˵ĺôȵԴ֮󣬽ܵκεƣֻһͷڣֻҪ츳㹻ͬʱֵڶͷࡣ
ˣ
ʮӰûüģȫµʥ֮ԴһɢһĨĹΣƿ㡣
ɽһ²¥ܵӰ죬Ȼһµˡ
һ£ʱɽ֮˵ע⡣
̻δѹлҲܴ£ֻػԣüѪͼҲݡ
¥ںܶ˶׷׵˳Щſӣûʲô¡
Щ˷׷ƿڴɿлѪͼ֮󣬵ʱˣǵʵǿҲǳλ磬ԶۿлŴսһĻ˭ҿڳѷ
л
л
ϲ
һɫĹ£һʹϷ쭶ͬʱҲǿͷųѹлձҪ
бľʯ档
ľʯ˾ɽϲȦһƬط˿ģ¥֮󣬱עˣһҲл
лһս㱻ɱǼء
ľʯҲһʱ
۷徳ͷųʹײγε𶯵Щ¥ĿǷ׷׵ӴܣԶԶض
˵֮ʣҲɹˣʥ֮Դһʧûټһлԡ
ֻҪ˴һ֮£ȫԶԸ۷徳ĸ֣Ѿõ֤ģľʯɥԿվһľʯʹơ
λʲô𣿡лЦеĵ
ľʯһĨ⣬лϴңҺܲȤսһ
ûȤлԥľܾˡ
ûʹڲ໢ͬ⣬Ͼľʯȸֽսл˵Ҳкܶôġ
ľʯǿ¸עΣӮˣȥҵׯ԰סһ£ˣƬм׹㡣
˵óһƬ˸źɫεļвƬ
սħײƬʹ־
лԣսħսűȷһջǲ󣬱ϾѾ飬ܹҲδܹӳԭ߰˳ɵֻ׼ͨ켶ģװͨ켶ģԶ׼ġ
սħսű֮УȴܴһЩսħս壬ܹۼһ͸սʵĻȻսջͻƵġ
սħײƬ͸ңұȥׯ԰סһΡлһתͷ
˻棿ľʯ
лЦл˵Ļм٣
ľʯйâ˸Ҵﵽׯ԰ұ㽫սħײƬ͸㡣
ԡлͬˡ
ʹִΪ
òҵлɱȡĿģľʯŴսʱ򣬾ѾԶͨһҪлţȥģЩѰˡ
Ҫְɣľʯ൱ټлַ̣
лЦЦĿʹ֣һֲĸо


1980  뷨
ɽ۵ľԶ׼лѡľʯôȻɻɱʹĸ֣ľʯΪԶͨҪŵлʹ˺ǼҲлûκεвȫͨ뿪ľʯ治ʹ˺
ľ֡ʹֵ
ȣ
лһ£ʹ˵ʹλҿɲ֮մȾҵ񵶡
ƣʹɫ΢䡣
һлҲ£̻񣬵ľʯ㱻ɱûеͬʱһս
ʶʹƮס
ʹ忲˹ʹͬ±˲֪ƵģѩɫҲ΢΢ȶɫֱ͸ʡ
˹ٻʹ֡ľʯǵߣ鷳ˡ
лЦ˼ǣ
ľʯ뿪˵أعפڡ
ôˣлĿͶԾĵطɲΪľʯǰȥ˵أ޵ķʸûĿĵġ
ȻľʯɫʱýӲ
еĿжлҲֻ֮ϲˣҪĻҲǷǳѵġ
Ŷˣʱ򣬾ͷʲô˹ǵطԶλ͵治֪ʲôɸ˵ĿġлƸոһ
⻰˵Ŀ˹ɫѿ
ľʯ˸âڿ˹ֵʱЩƣ˹ĸ֣Ϊλɽľʯػĵطûʲôֵÿ˹ļҪ̤ͨ쾳ĸעġ
˷лĻҲˣ˹ǳҪѰҵĶġ
л˵Ҳʵֻľʯ˲Զȷһ磬֪صǿ˹ѡ
лȻթô˵ľֻ𣿡˹ĵ
ţľʯֲɵϣ᲻׿˹޹ԭɲΪ˹ǰлټΨһĽ;ǣ˹ҪѰҵĶġ
˹ľ֣лֶΡ
ľʯ治ȻһӴɽ֮ϵʯ֦ҶγɵкХϯ𣬻ľʯ淢˵ɷ
˹üװȥ𡣡ľʯ
˹ͣտڣһХ϶ʱ¶һĨЦ⣬ðɣҳϡ
δ䣬ХڣʮӰѾɶ
ʹ֡
զҲٻл
ľʯһȻ֪лǹͿ˹ͻֻеĿķǳҪǿԣ϶ֵģֻǿ˹ôöԸģοЩˣǳǿߡ
ľֵ˿ɷֲ˹ЦǺǵĵ
֪Ŀģľʯ
һЦ˹Ȼ֪
˿϶лһʱоľʯӿһɱ⣬ܿ
ʱʮʹֱ㽵ڿ˹
ǿлɵö۷Ź⡣
ľ֣Ρ˹˵
ʲôסľʯ
˹һָεĵطĶҷлҲԽ㡣
ľʯЦûôİɣҪʲô
ֻҪ񵶡˹
лԹۣ񵶵ջ㹻ľʯԴѡģû뵽ľʯȻԥģȻЩĶ
лľʯڵĵطҪĶ˸ΪŨȤ
˹Ҫ񵶿԰áлóֲڵϣ˫ֱ磬ģҲߵġ
仰˵¶ԥ֮ɫľʯȻѹ
ӵл뿪޷õģȻ޷סл˹νĽʲôֻԼˡ
ľʯɫӵ
µʵĿ˹ҲһüľʯףʵһЩľϵеõģܹһ˵˼άû뵽Ȼлһƣľʯѹ
Ȼ˼񵶣͹ȥհɡ˹˵
վʹӦһǰȥ
ʹǳλɫʵҲǿ˹Щ˵ʵǿġ
˹һתľʯ棬ԣ˴ǣš
ľʯ棬мְÿ˹սл˵ĺֱӡ
㣿ľʯɻ
лЦеĵʹնɱǣƿ˹նɱʹ壬ֳ˹
ľʯԣ
˹ǹЦľʯ棬ҪȻлűֲԭģҵʮˣǿǹϵУҵĸụ๥ģʱ֮£лʤ𣿡
ԡľʯ浭ĵ
òᱻֲնɱǰɡ˹
ľʯ汨Цش
˹ߵ֣նɱлȡһбȻһֻľʯ棡
лĻĶ
Ҳʾš
ʮ£ɶǳĸ֣ɲΪлܹǶ֣˹ֹõлеıٽľʯѰҵĶõ֣νǴˣԺʹλضõ
õ˹ʹȻǰͻ
Ŀлŵı֣лҲΪɵģ˶رע̣±͵Ϯ
ˢ
ȻһЦϲǵЦʹһôһʧ񣬽˾ɫ΢䣬׷ó䱸̵̬üļ両ʥ֮Դͼ˸ŵĹΣǰı־

ڵϵҲʱԶ
һ˿ϵлҲǰһץУ˳һɨȥ
˵Ѿ޼ѭĵز
һһ뷨ܹס
ƶն
л񵶺ɨҲʩչ޼᲻ݵĹ
ǣ
ʹһٵĳǵ񽣿н棬ͬл񵶡
𣡡
ǵĽոյݳȥһ̵üļ䴫ɳͣʹʱЩæҵģʹѡ˺ˣؽػҲʹѡ⵲лĹͬʱ̵̧Ĺ
˵ĲĬʱ¶㡣
꣡
ٶͬʱл񵶵
ƶն޼᲻ݵģʹҪֳһ̣ʣлĶ֣һɨͽ񽣴͸ĵҲʹĲӡ
ʹͷ̷ȥ
ͷʬ嵹£лҲһʹһץ
һʱƾճ֣һ½ʹסлϲ񵶱նɱȥ
ʹ̵̽ʩչʱֵѣҲֵסл񵶣δңһĺâлҸͻأĳ֣ۡһ£񽣶ʹࡣ


1981  ɱ
˹ʮ£ǿıλĸ֣գۼͱлֻɱûܸ˴˿ѣһ±˹ŵЦݽӲϡ
֮ģΪ϶лûֿԽĸӹϵµʬ壬˹һץĸо
˹ϡ
ʣµʮһԳλΪǿҲǳλֶɱʹһ˵Ķ֡
㻹ߵ𣿡
лĵ
ߣ˭ҡ˹Цпľʯ棬ĵľֲҪҷָɡ
ľʯ
Ҳɵӣһ˹ﱻɱйأôʹȻһͻӶ緽սͻõħռ˵ġ
˹Ҿȥׯ԰лЦ
ľ֣㲻Ļɣɱңлȥ𣿺οҲɱҡ˹
лҲڶ˵ʲôһš

һ𿲵˹ľ죡
æˣ뿪棬ƽ
˹ķӦ죬˲ϢգҲҪطֻǵٶȾ࣬ո뿪治ʮףһȼʮɫľӵðһ½ʮһ˸С
һһʮһֵʱ֮֡
лľǿȫʩչˣܹͳ۷弶ֿһµģȺܹһȭɱο⡣
ʮһͳͳ
˹
ټ£ôɱˣʲôƿɽ˵ڻ֮Сǻ֮Ӵɽĸûĸ֣Ҳֻѡһ;
أ
δȿ˹뿪һƵ춯
ľʯµɽǧ׵һСɽϱӵðл̸һѡ
ʧȥһгֳ
ֻʮĳֹڵϣǵ¸һ˸Ϣȫת󷨣Ҳ޸оȫ߶󷨣ʹλóһѵĿռڶٵۼš
лʲôľʯŭȵ
лһЦҴȥׯ԰סһ죬ϣÿ˹Ѫ·
㡣ľʯ
ֻܶĶˡлЦеĵ
ľʯеޱȵı
Щ£ҲֻܴӦͬʱЩڣΪҪԶͨһõʵݣжΪֹûҵٸָǰɴ˿֪ĶҪ
˹Բˣľʯͺһóһѳ򿲵˹ɱȥ
˹û뵽ľʯȻƴһֱɱУӣƵҪ
ƾľʯƴ֮£Ҫߺѣο滹һʥ֮Դͼ˸ʱ׼һ̣ÿ˹޷оȻͱľʯɱĽڽڰˣֻǿֿ
㲻Ҫȥľʯׯ԰ɣ֮ͨһ˿ӦлҪȥľʯׯ԰ʱ򣬾Ȼʵ뷨
һҪȥġлЦ
̲ǲͶ𣿡
һЦл㿴Ͷ𣿡
룿ɻĵ
л˹һȥľʯׯ԰סȻʹΪ׵緽ĳħҲȻһʱѹ֮£ڱͲгǣȻľʯģľʯõԶͨǱҪţ棬Ψֲ⣬Ψһ¶⣬ĻǾͻкϷඡ
ȥˣ˼Ҳһ취ӡģҪ뿪Ҳܲ׵ġ˵
˵ֻַ棬Ǽ֣Ҷаսӡлŵĵ

ν
̸ǲ⣬ܹǰɵؽҲǰ㱻˰ɣǵַӡǿͨ켶λķӡ
֪ǲ˵ŵµķӡǸӣлЦ̵Ŀׯ԰ڣԲ˿ġ
˿Ȼֶܵ¡
ڹâһлĿģı˿лȷа취һƽӡġ
ڴЩפľʯׯ԰ڣ԰ܹ˻û֮Ѫս뵽龰Щ˷ܣգдսЧȻǳĺá
лſдսľʯͿ˹࣬ȿ˹ǿҲһ߶ѣҪնɱ˹̫ܣ̣Ȼ׼ʱնɱ˹ܹľʯش
û⡣Ц
ʥ֮Դɱ䣬Ϊǣӳʥ֮Դǿʲô̶ȣԼ޷ȷǾÿ˹ɡ
лתͷľʯµľٶһ㣬Ǿľʯ֮ƴɱ˹ʵлȥׯ԰лľʯ棬ţҲ˵ľʯ治ϧ뿲˹սֻһԭǾЩ˵Ŀġ
Ҫʲô
ȫУһ׵ĸ߶ӲٳһռУϵ͸ڣ⵽ʲô
лԴ˳Ȥ
ȥľʯͿ˹֮ʤЩһϣһɫЩ԰ףľ޴ЩܲӣɾˣȻڼ֣ȵʹϢ΢λһֵɫ֮ģ֮ṩܹȥҲ֮ʹǴ߶ӵ˼ޡ
֮ԶͨƵĶҲľˣԶͨӵ֮ĵҲܶ࣬ľʯȻзǱѰĿġлǿռУ۱͸ȥ
ۣͨӦÿԿһЩɡ
ͬεĴκεط͸ռ֮лܹԵĸоһ谭͸
۱ϾǷΧɴ׵ĵز޷ȫҲܹ͸ȥһġ
Լ䣬лгֳռڴŰ׵ķΧǰԿκζˡ
ռͬһޱ޼ʵ޿ռ䣬߼ʣлܹ׷Χ֣ƺǺңԶĵطУЩСڲϵһ˿˿ĵɫĹ߷ɳھл۲İλԼ߰׵ĵطۼγһɫͬһĶ
ȻͣԽԽϡٵĹߡ
ƣƺܿҪˡ
ݣ
ŬҪʲôʱһĺХȻഫлͷһǡÿ̵ʥ֮ԴĹһ»ƴĿ˹˫ľʯûǰһն򿲵˹ͷ­
Ŀ˹˵ֽ׳
ǿ˹ľʯһնԴľʯ򱻿˹񽣶磬ǿҲľʯ󵹷ɳȥ
л״һץ˹ĿռָһԶлУ߶֮˲ϢʮΣŽ˹ռָĽƽֽ̣˵ľʯ档


1982  ֳŵ
ľʯˣڳлһİսľʯնɱ̵Ļʤ㻹Ǻܴġ
նɱľʯ棬л˵ǼһˣȴԶûвɱפڣӶս壬ο˭ľʯ棬˭ϣľʯ汻ɱʹˣľʯ棬ʹŻľʯͻսġ
۴ĸ濴ľʯţø
л֮նɱľʯջ
񽣶ͷľʯ߰˰׵ľ룬ɫĶлûжֵ˼Էֱ㽫ڼͷϵ񽣰ȻͿλһĨɫĹΣ֮ͬġ
գۼĹľʯ˿ڱָĵ²ˡ
Һû֣һȻ֮Ψͨ켶ֲܹյܹ˲ָлûг֡
һ֣ǲʧȥû֮ҵĻᣬҲ޷ľʯնɱġ
ľʯ񽣣ǰ
˹ǷԼĳŵľʯ
˵ĻȻм٣ҿ϶ȥׯ԰סһʱģл΢΢һЦеսħײƬĶҡ
ľʯϵļ鴤˼£һԼƽԺзٵͷ˼Ÿܹõ棬ãҿԴӦ㣬㵽ҵׯ԰Ҳܸ㡣
лЦ뿪İɣ˵Ҫׯ԰סһ£һסһµġ
ľʯ涢л㿴˰ӣŵãׯ԰Ǳף
ʼ磬лÿɷ
ľʯȻʮֽŵƯڿС
ĵһǿռڵĶлܳûȡȻͨߣҲû취
лЦѣƮȻ𣬵˸߿մǧ׵λãԶԶ뿪ǸռС
ֱ֣ľʯ泤һ˾лٶȺܿ죬ľõлߣˣлΪʲôôľʯ͸벻ˡ
ľʯĿ˸лǰЦѣԼȥɡ
֮󣬿ռڶȻһ΢ǿƱ
лʼչ۲ţƿһ
һöεģֵɫƣŸӵͼƣһʵĹ˸ţƺ̺ĳ֮
ľʯ㽫ץС
ýŵǵл޼ɵĴЦľʯ棬˵Ļ㾡ܷıǣ߰ɡ
ʲôĿģֻҪҵפأϢ뿪˱Ȼҽľ֮ĻᣬľʯȻҲ뵽Ϊл֮棬ĵֻֿҪץסлĶ˵ûʲôɷġ
룡ľʯ뵽Զͨ˵ĶͣͳڴˣǸ֮ڳ֮⣬ԶͨҲϧ
֮ģЩľ޴ĸָֺܿĳɵ͸ľʯ󣬶лľʯ沢С
ܿ죬Ǳפء
ڱͷΪǾǾŲʷˣƹԶͨ£ռһׯ԰ǿһ壬һ¶⣬ʵǱͱ˴˷Էģׯ԰һɢʮĻ棬Ƿ˷פأһ滨ݣɢŨϢģȻʣµľƹµˡ
ǱֱӽŨϢׯ԰ڡ
վϢ£֮ǿңһһܹʮĸо
ׯ԰һһٶ׵ĸ߶ȣ֦ҶïէȥͬһﱤܸĻݵ׺ţЩɢķҷҡΣէȥͬͨĻݣлܸӦ涼
ӵľԵл˵һذ
ֳŵɡлЦ
ľʯ浭ȻһЦóǿƺսħײƬӸлǾлٺúñˡ
ӹлһЦǹˣȻҪúñඡ
ľʯ£ǱһԺڡ
ɡľʯ
л̽С
˲Ҫ뿪һڣû뿪˵ҪǰңŨľϢлҲʹ˷ŹĴûᡣ
л˽룬ľʯɫĹâǱԺڵĻݲһ˿ϵ͸ǣܹĿл̲ûʩչȷδ뿪ʱľʯٵܿͻ֣ᷢ׸ߵĲһĨŨصϢͬﱤڶķï֦Ҷһϸ˿ɫлڵĵ½˷
ɵ֮ľʯųһ
˽˵޷ƽ⣬Ҫƽ⣬һʱᱻǲ֪ӶΪľʯɵһʱл̻ٵǰá
˵棬Ͼлľʯټʮҹػ˵أо۷弶ǿߣλɫĸ֡
ľʯ滹£ڱԺϿոһ޴Ļ״֮һƬ̹֮󣬻ͼڸ߿

ˣľʯŷ
űԺл˵ЦӣľʯǹһĨЦ⣬ллʲô⣬Ҳߡ
һУȻлۡ
ľʯʹľʹʮּԼԴֻǵȻһЦ
˭뵽ӵа֮أ
˵ֻľʯʩչӵŴӦиʩչĵǵı˷ְ֮״ӶһˣҪƽ׾٣񣬾˼ӣڷڣʩչ֮ףֻ֪һɻٵȥ硣
лΣա
е᲻뿪ˣ˵صľԵħ̫Ũˣ̶ľԣֱãٶȾԱ龧ʯ٣öƷ龧ʯٶȷӵѸ͡
Ҳܾ˵
лЦףľʯȻҹȻ϶뵽Ȼǰһа취ӦǿƶԴȻܣҲܽҵ񵶣Ψһеİ취ǣܿԶͨϵͨطֱӴﴫͳȥ˵ħµĽƣʱڣҲǵǿһ£̫ˣΣաſģŨľԵħһ£ȡһڿ볤λ磡


1983  
лѾһֻ̤㳤λֻǲôһ߱ͻƣε޽龧ʯݻˣȻĻ龧ʯھһʱ䣬Ҳɵͻơ
ΪˣлĶʱͻơ
˵һ£ԼٶȺʹ˵ṩҲڶʮ֮ͻƵġ
ʩչڵ䷿
ߺ͵ᡣ
ֻһ£ҲлһɫءΪľ飬Ϊľԣڴ˵ȻҲǿľˣó˹񽣣ͬа
ǾɡлЦ
̵æ˹Ŀռָڸṩʲôɡ
лҲЩڴ
˹Ͼڻ֮ڵݲͬʹ巽λߵļ֮һ֮ʱռһЩҲǿġ
δ˹ռָĽƣлҲᵽڵʵͳ۷ɫĸ֮䣬ľ޴ˡ
ռָڵĶޱͳͳóҲõĸ첲Щľˣ̫ˡ
ĶóһСɽˡ
ⶫȵõĺܶͨ켶ֿռָҪḻл֮ǰפؽͷնɱͷеĶȻܱܶ࣬󣬿⿲˹ĶҲñ֮ѷɫ١
ЩûõճƷ֮Ķŵһߡ
龧ʯ൱˵ȻлûȣҲһʲķհɣм龧ʯ߼龧ʯҲ߰öˡ
бһʹ
ʹɢŵĹϢ͸һ˿ĸоԡУƺƮȻɣȫ̩
Ӧʹķ̸ʹëһ˿̾˵
лüëһЩŵĵ̣ûŪɣǷ˹ʸõ
ӦòģֻǿħЩϡŹֵĶص鼮ݷḻȴֻһЩأѶʮĹ򣬽ħеĹڸּضͳͳϸĶһ飬Ҳ֪ģĿôܼǴ˵ĺܿ϶иص㣬㿴ط˵⻰һָӵλãȻָӿһս
ž
սָĵط㷢һ춯ȻһԼֻһСĺ㡣
Ǿͷ֮Ѫлȷĵ
ûγɣ̫̣Ϊﵽɫ꣬ͷ֮Ͼĸ֣ʧ֮Ҳ׽Լ˾·ʱ򣬲пܽһľת֮ϣ䷢죬γɷڷ֮ϣҲһ̺ѪϸĽ˵ħмصĹڷ˵˵ҪõѪڼص壬ΨͷĺѪϣ˾ʹͷԵõ㿴һѪѾģͱ˹ܿ߾ͷѪᣬõ壬Ҳĸĸõģ˲ʸõ
ӹÿһëƺ̺ŵлҲЩ˷ܣ˵źܴôġ
Цûбȡ壬Ҫգôһѣ뽻ʥڵĽǿʹˣںϣٶȽᷢ൱ת䣬ĺôǴӴ֮ˣһָ潫н̬
սͣЪˡл˷ܵص
˫ʹ壬ҲþͷĽĶ岻˵õԽٶȵõȫһٶȣ˵ˣϱһ̴ֻҪγӣɻָټлõʥ츳˲ָߵԱ֤лսУʱ̱۷״̬
Ҫ˵лս൱ǿ߶Ծ˻ռݾƣԳ۷弶ǿߣƾٶ֮ϵĶԷл˶ģô죬ĵĲ࣬ͬɻʤˣлӵҺ̬ƣȫԽԷĵֻλ֣Ӷɱ
Ҳ˵ֶΣֻҪٶб֤ȫԲȡսʵĸָġ
нİ취лʵ
ҪõΨְ취һʹͨ䣬壬ǻǳѣҪĸҲ쳣ĸӼѣбҪͨ켶緽ܹںϣһ취ںϡ
νؼУʹͷеǿģֻΪıȻɵİڣܹһٶйصĶֻ̫мصõĲʮˣΪǿ߶Ҳֻлһ˾ˡ
ںƷֱİ취ǹģҲܼ򵥡Ц˵㽫ͷų
⣡
лĺչ
õģʵʵģ׵磬ͼֶʵڵģ˵Ī⣬ҲȻɵİڣҲǹϵġ
ͼ̵
л̴߶
ͼ˸ŵĹΣÿһŶôʵһϸܵĽɫ׵渽ţϵš
̱㽫ƯһߵĵزȻ˫ʮָ趯һ
ž
һģǷһǰȥ
¡¡
ڵʱһĺȻһɷ硣
ν˵ף׵ͷںϣֻлûзԣԷ֮ǢҲ٣ʹ׵ΪģҲǵڸӵĳɫٶȷ淴ûȫӳʹɱɵģصƺٶȣƷʹеģ뵽ˣԱ֮󣬲İٶȡ
ΪٶȣǵȻǷ硣
ṩıǼ֮磬ںϣǲİ֮ԶԶл뵽ôһ
Ҫ֪лٶΪô죬ԭǷкǷԵģûǸԣгɣվܵƣںϣǡǡֲ㣬Ҳܲ㡣
Ч֮Ҳл֮⡣
ˡ
£лƵľҲȶٶ̫죬·δһ㣬ܵӦķҲٵĶţƵʺ൱ʱ򣬷ëˢˢ䣬Ʈɡ
ͷųЩëͳͳռëʹͷɫǿߴ֪ģľȻߣʣµĲֶʹȻž޴˷Ҳкô
ëͳͳ
ȴëʣµǹǼܡ
꣡
ϸܵĽɫڵͼ棬ȻһӽǼܸȻ䳶ķ飬漴Щɫع顣
ʹ˳ʧ
ٿлͼһϵеת䣬ͼӵĸӣӵĹӵ£ȴĴҴܵĽɫ֮⣬һ㼸͸ķ硣


1984  ջķ
ܹڷϵķ磬Ȼͨķ磬л̵жϣӦǼ֮磬Ҽ̫ߵ֣ΪһѪڵ屻ȡߣۼŵʥ磬ҲɢܹƾԱһ˿Ҳͼļ֮ɡ
ı仯лϸһĨõЦݡ
˾޴ĸı䡣
ʲô仯ʵ
΢գĸı仯лٶȷӦò֮ǰǹƵɵһ
ʲôһǾ֮ɫ
˭֪лٶѾ˱̬ĵزλʵӵٶȣΨг۷弶óٶȵ˲ܹһϸߵͣһôĿһгֵٶˡ
֮ڣ˭ܽлΣ
Ҳңͨ쾳磬ǿ԰ͷƾԼٶȶؾ£
Ӧ˰ɡʵ
лЦеܻҪһ㡣
һ
ķ磬²ǿļ֮磬ɫ׵粻²ǡл
ɫ׵߼ļ֮ףǰ벽ɽף֮ҲˣǲǴﵽ˼֮壬ûзԣɽİҲɴ߷֮һٶҪߺܶ࣬ҲˡЦ˵
ȶţлһ˿Ц⣬ٶȻģһ㣬ǾĹԡ
̵жأ˵޷ӳ·׵һͨİչֳӦÿԴӸΪֶ˰ɡ
ɣ
лص̵촽һ£ˣӴ֮ǿĹֶ֮һ
֮ͼ֮ȫӳһڰͷ֮սʱ򷢻Ӿ޴ģͷ֮棬𵽾Եʤðͷھͷߡ
леĶļ֮ף͸ȻΪлµĹֶΣֶβԵ幥ؼǻȺ䲻⣬䲻ĵز˵ؼġ
ľʯջܴ󰡡Ц
ʲôջ񡣡лһ̷¡Ρ
óһ۶ϵĳĵطԼʮңޱȣѾ۶ϣԾͷųһķ֮⣬̵ǽҪ£񽣲֪࣬𣬱ȻԽ񽣡
㲻ս񽣣ҲʱһѺպͨ켶µġ˵
֮ʱڵģʱ֮γɵģǸʱսĴȻǷǳ֮ģͨ˵صȷпܡлһ㡣
ʲôʵ
лЦ񽣵
񽣣
΢΢һ漴һˣʱҲǺպ񽣣˵ʱͨ켶൱֮ʱҲܹŽǰʮģʧȥϽͬû飬۶ϣܹȹ񽣻ҪǿһЩǱȻʱ֮һĻ֪֮УԽ񽣵ģҲôѣľԶͨУ褵彣ϹʥʣǾֻս֮ˣȹǿǵǹûнȻսĽ
սϽлһĨȡ
ͨ켶ǶǾмһЩսսħսḶ́Ȼ۶ˣܲĲ࣬ɶл˵ͬ߱ĺô
սϽս˵ͷɫһˡ
սϽƬвƬãǾһƬսħײƬƬսײƬ
ô࣬սʵӦÿսħսսһЩƬΣӶģ⽫ûκ˵
лҲսʳġ
ȵս׵֮ҲԹۿȻҲǷǳ֮ġ
ٲ鿴Ķ
п˹ΪںϷռһЩĺöЩǶԹ֮аģлȻûʹãʥǵо߱ԵҲǳ٣õľôˡ
⻹һͨսʼ񽣡
Ķл⣬ǰͷȤģ߱ɫл˵ҲȤġ
еë̺ܸȤ˷ǳڵʹëԼΣΪƷϣԺսǺܴġ
еĶϣлóöơ
ƺźصĶлƣ뵽ѳ̶ȣľʯԴӳ̶ȣò򵥡
̷鿴ͼͼƺǸصķӡڵĶҪѣ޷
оһʱ䣬Ҳδܷʲô
㽫
ó˰׺ʥ
ɡлָһ¶ͷϵѪͼڿԽⶫˡ
ûѪͼ̵ٱٶȷá
׺ʥڻźܴ֮أľԵĵħħ֮أ̵ʱͻơЦ
ҺڴлЦ
㽫Ʒ龧ʯó
ҲԼļƷ龧ʯóлǰҪԼʱٶȣлٶͻƣֻҪлﵽλôǾͿʱ뿪˵أеĵġ
ʼɡ
лſģôһЩӦԱ˴Ͽν޷졣
ĳ谭κζĽ롣
ָһеİ׺ʥ㱻飬ƬƯڿУ̵ǰ׺ʥƬʼ˴һԲѪͼңӦ
ѾֵɫԲһġ

ԲеϸĶͳͳڣ߹ɵԲһӱѪͼ档
߽ӴȻһ£лһѪͼʼѸٵڡ
ͬʱפصڣش˵صʮҲע⵽һʥ˾ҵĲѸٵĿʼϨ
ʮæ
Ҫȫ֤ʥȼա
ʮ˵൱˵ģÿһų۷ǵлиʵͨ켶λֻ֣ǽֻܷ֮ӳ綥ˣʩչ֮£Ϩʥȹټ
ˡ
ΪߵлӦԡ
׺ʥȴһصά䲻
̫лŭСβָҲ̧һµüĴ
ҩָͲٻƽʥҶ޷Ѫе䣬а׺ʥƣټҩָһεļ
άʥʮеһɫֻܶµˣ


1985  λ
ܹлʩչȿ˵ǷǳĵֶΣȫԼͷ˹п˶л׺޵ʲô̶ȣҲˣðս֮ڻ֮ʮŴĴãͬģᵽлεˣ裬ʹӽ֮⣬һ
ص֮ʥ棬лҪ䣬ʮȻ㲻ģȴҲΨѡ˹пµϾǶʥļ棬ʵ̫ˣֱлһɡ
ܻʥʱкܴĲӰ졣
˵ʥȻһô꣬ħµĶóԽͨ켶Ѿٵˣлյ񵶺;ͷܶİǻʵģͬ⡣
УлȻҵ˽İ취ȻкܴİգѾٵ󲿷֣ǶҲδؿУ̫ðˡ
һʱ䣬ʮִֶ
ͬʹã˷ԣΪѡ
ǴʥԽԽСȥСʱϨġ
Ҿʹ֮˵ʧܣŵ߿еɡ
˵˶ˡ
ŵ߿ͨ켶λ磬ǵλߵġ
ʮȫȫҪʥҪ֤ʥôϨŵ߿óһεĺľĶ
ǵ̳ͷ˹п˵Ӱ
ŵ߿ޱϵĵ˫ֽľǰһ͡
Ϣľ񼴿ͷųһڹ⣬ûʥ֮ڣľΪУڹ֮ԭϨʥȻ
ԵлΣ
ԭҪ䱻ע㣬գۼ»ָҴﵽ˶壬ȻʼɢѪٶȿʼл
ô£̴һ
лҲɫ䣬Ҫ䣬ڿɺãȻָ۷ˣͬҲ⡣
ѪѸٵɢ
ڵʥʼɢһĻǣ棬ٶȽȼҿٵнٶȷӵ޵ı֡
лŭˡ
ͨ׺ʥģڱ϶ڸȴû취
ʢŭ֮£лǰ߶֮ס
ﵹҲǰȫ赣ţлԳλ߶֮ף൱ɹ۵ġ
֮ڵҪͷųһЩѪҲлȥѪһεΪȴȻƺڱΪԱƣǾ޷ͬѹƵġ
Ѫոڱһ¼һɿֲ
䣡
ܴ̼걬һӱ㽫ָʢʱڵˣôһ£䳹׽
ڵŵ߿˵ȸʹð˹пµȴȻ֮䣬еʥһϨûӦ
ôһ˲ϢĹ
ڴͬʱפھͷ˹п˱һҵĲſһѪ
ڻ֮ܵ걻ˣ꣬л˹пɱڵĵлɱ㣬ĲΪˣ
һ˹пµһ׵Ļ𣬱Ѿݻʮ֮һ꣬εʧȥɽһսģ˹п˵ƵһǳصĵزҲǡǡ֮󣬺ڵĿʼ
һ½лȻ˷ˡ
Դںϣٶȷ֮󣬾ͺѱˣֻܱ֤лܹ֮´ģȴ伤Ҳһ⡣
Щڰ׺ʥڵ֮һӱ㱻ͷųˣе൱ĳ㣬ںϴöƷ龧ʯͷųĴĵħ߽ħ֮ʼлʵ
лսǶʮ屶Ϊ֮ħҲҪвժĲ֣ܹս󣬶ħ֮γɣǾеľսת࣬ٶȻ͸ˡ
ħ֪ܷ֮أ̿ƮɢǶл˵ʵħ֮
ħ֮κ˵ǶΪģԺޱתΪģлս̫ߣȻЩųⲿֶ˵ҲһãսֻǶˣյġ
ֻħ֮մкܴΣա
ȶһľһ˿˿գܷħ֮
֪ǷΪǱлԭ򣬻̺л֮΢ϵҲûܵħ֮Լ
Ǵлɢûħ֮Ϊ̽ٶҲš
˵ӿǿս̫࣬ˮӿ죬ͬڴ֮ڡ
Ҳ޵׶̰ؼײγɵħ֮
лɫرúҲԽԽԽԽС֮ͺƻľܣްϢ
ıչ״̬һС
ֻ־ķ־ע磬Ͼǵ˵ϳҪ˵ģǲܵġ
ǰˣľʯԤеҲ
Էƹѹ緽͵ħ緽֮˶ͷѹѹľʯ棬лľʯӲǸסˣԼĿǣֻҪֶʮ죬һѾͶȥˡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҳôüֵġ
ǳƤóһЩö̬ȣʱƣͱ˳ͻ˭ɵľʯ治ֹĴȥ϶а취лߵġ
ʹͿ˹֮ѣ緽͵ħ緽ѹ
ս¾ʹĻ
Ϊ˴δģɱ¾лԾڰĵ
ϵлǺްϢ壬ٴͷųһ˿΢ǽӲƺڵ⿪ʼһȫٵķ¡
ž
лһ춯Ƶ
һɰƴлϿѸٵĳȫľۻս˷·ɢױȵѹ
Ҳ仯ѡ
ͻˣϲĵ
лٿȻ۾һЦٶȳ
ȷͻˣʽ볤λĵز
ħ֮δȫʹϣ׺ʥڵ֮Ȼڣл˷ѣ
Ҳָٵ״̬
ȶڳλɫĸ߶ȣлҲȫħ֮Ҳ˳ĳ
ֱ죬ħ֮ųʧ
лĸоͻǰҵһȭţޱȣλֽ˿ҿˡ
ʱҲ
õֻлõħ֮ҲѸ٣δͻƣɫҲֻһ֮ˡ
ˣл
ʮ졣̴
лЦǵٶȵȷֵýʮԤƵҪ罫һأţʱ뿪ˡ


1986  뷨
ʮͻƣʱȹ֮̾£гĽлʼϲġ
ʵõҲҪ뿪˵صͷΪ֮£ׯ԰磬ħĸֽжţʱʱĶһЩСĦ
бڵĵطѾΪǾ޴ĲͷųӴﱤҲչеط˵ĽЩܼ֦ҶģŴĸ֣ǶľԵģܹһϢܹӳԽĳɵսʶ߿֮Ͼ֣Ҳûһ˸׵Ľ
ׯ԰߽䱸״̬
ҪϵĽҪ֣ҲġҲ൱ĴܺãҲҪսһ
ŶлȻ̣ѵ˵ʥ֮ԴѾܹﵽͨ켶λַƽĵزˡ
ʥ֮Դȷ˴仯̵ʵעܷӳ̫οɲֹľʯһεʩչ½гʩչĳ̶ȴﵽ˷ǳ˵ĵز
л֮׵ûдﵽλ֮ǰûʮİܹһġ
Ҫл׾䰡ĿռָڻһҺõءЦóһСƿӣʢѪѪҿԽʥ֮ԴӵƽӦⲻ󡣡
лЦҪĻҵҪʹð֮ףҲ˷һ˲ָˣţúúá
һʩչ֮׵ȻҪ˲ָ
лҪӦˣۿȥĿǿò
ӦľʯģúԣӦľʯׯ԰ڵĹؼڡ
̣㿴ħУ漰Զͨģлʵ
авأħǿ߿ǳԶͨյľͷ̷ǳڣܱȡ˵
лһָǿôϵʲô
ƺоſڱػʥƽʥͨĴڣڵڶεĴڣֻҪԵ㹻ǱɳΪǾܹݻ˼ʶΪͨһĴڡ
ػʥл°͡
ԣػʥͻƽʥҲܹ߱ɾԭڣػʥصṩľԪӿٶȣбػɫǷƽʥĻǾǿľԵıͳ̶ȷǳɫбǽǿػʥľʯ֮ʱص͸ģػʥҲľʯںŵ֮һػʥѾȫӳǾͻ಻ǴնϣնɱػʥϸĽ͵
лԼնɱǲǻɷⷽã
գգۣȻлĿġ
ȻǴ뿪ǻҪȡػʥ
ʮּǲ˵иĸѹ˵أһػʥɱȻɱʱΣˡ
ôǾ뼫ıС
лҲ̫˰ɣȻˣΣõģǾǺܿ˶ս֮С
ػʥƽʥһҶĴڣҶػʥܹṩľԪĹؼڣػʥҶͼƷ龧ʯϣ龧ʯȣҲǳСģܹնػʥʱ򣬽׵նϣȻͨط侫ҶڣĻͱ龧ʯҪˡĵôǿǳı֮Уȷô
ҲҵٶȵлԾԾԡ
ΣзչӢۡ
ĥѣ̵ܹʱڳɳܹİܹͨս
ҾһΡ̸лĺ飬Ҳӿһǿҵĳ嶯ֻ辡չԼľʱ㹻ˣ²л뷨ѾĺˣˣѸ͵ʵ
л̵Ķͷһ£׼ҳȥ￴
̵ͷͬ⡣
ҪѪʥ֮ԴҲ˵ģҪ׼һ¡
л߳䣬Ŀ쳣¡
һϢֱ͸Ƣ˵ܣȫսҲˮ춯
׿գػʥ޴ڿѾرصչˣ֦ҶبϿգ̫ܼһⶼ͸䲻Ե൱Ļ谵
ӵ۵лĿȻҲע⵽ػʥ֦Ҷ·һɫĹ֣ǷֹߵҪ뿪뽫ƲſԣĽȻӵľˡ
濴ľʯǲʮַܣעһһлʮһγ֣ҲǸע⡣
ણ
лһ½š
̲ڽϼǿǽǽ
ɫĽڵرǺʵ̶ȫҲδܹģΨжð֮׵ſԡ
лһ£㾶ֱȥ
ԺԺŴ̾һγɣȥ·ԺĽһġ
Ҳ˵Ժͬһ׵ķˡ
лȻˣͱ뿪ˣ㻹ǰŰɡһ۷ɫĸ
лŤͷˣЦֹ뿪ѵֹɱѾսˡ
ǿսΣѾעΪǵĽûпԾ뿪˴Ц
лʼ磬ٴ
ŵĳ̶ȣ֪ǿ϶ԼĴ㣬ܹӦĳ
ع鷿ڡ
Ѿ׼׵ʲôʱ֣
лָָͷˣȵЩ۷弶ֿսս¾ͻﵽ壬ʱ֮ĶԹҲﵽ壬ƳΪ׷ɱǣȻ̵ģ˴˼ìܾͻĴսҪĽ
ãôо뷨ôءɻĵ
лһЦһʲô뷨
ҡͷ벻
Ҹ㡣лȻһ½˵ڵϣڻúõ˶

̾һæһ֣һγɣ˾˾Ҳ뿴ǣȻлҲû˾ֻۣ߱ϵİݣҲȤȻͶȥ
һʱ䣬Ժڴ鵴
Ժ⣬ս¿ɱ¾ء


1987  
֮ʱ
лԺڵĵʮ죬Ҳսҵʱ򣬴Ͽʼ֣ħ֣ǿ䣬ʮһ˶ǳĸ֣˾һӽرҵĵز
緽׼֧лģħ緽ħлԵ͵ħǰйƻ󣬼汾ͱѹȵļˣս㼶ܲߣȻʮλֻƴ۷弶ǿ߼ս
սҵʱˡ
յлҲѵõķɣ״̬۷壬ʱ˿̣ǶѾ׼׵
лֳ񵶣Ź񽣡
Ȼóýؼʱ̣ܹ벻ãϾ׼ͨ켶񽣣൱˵ġ
ʼɡл
΢΢һͷüļ˸ʥ֮Դͼ𲻶һڵսѣѸٵȫҲսںϣۼġ
Ѫ̵صļţսں֮УѪ̱·۳ʮѪɫʥģһǽʥӡ
ȻʮѪɫʥͬעһ㣬һͳͳŽ̵üļ䡣
׼̼
лڵҲȫתѸٵֻҪһƳɱܴû¡
ȱ밲ٺãȻлſɵĳ֣Ѿõļƻⳡ֮״δսЩϡ
õѪ̵֧֣ʥ֮Դ貵Ĺ⻬ͼҲֻĴָ׸ǴСϸСͼǿؿʮӰһۼȥЩӰĹϣ·ЯȻײһ𣬹һ㣬ȻѸٵ󣬸ͼ漴Ȼȥ
̫Ӵ󣬺ȥ֮󣬸Ǵ̶طҺлػشԼһ׵ĸ߶ȱͣ
ʥ֮ԴȻһػ档
ˣ
޶
ĲԺڵķܵػһ㣬һӾȫˣĻľ׷׵Ŀʼһıݻ٣ǿһ±㽫֪ӳ˶ٴεĽ飬ǽѣʹׯ԰ʼݣڵλôԼһֱٶף׵Ĵӡ
ǿನǷȥһ±㽫յķï֦Ҷһʱ䣬֦Ҷ裬ܹͨۿ߿մӰ
һըҲ˵𶯡
λðл̣Щ˻֡
ԭ𾪵˵ʱ
ľʯ濴һĻĻȥѾĻֶΣеĶ͸ƹЩ£ʹһ¶ģۿҪɹˣȻһ
лߣ
ץסл
ɱһָɵл
˷سɱ
лЦλףͣ͡
Цűڵϡ
ԭ̵ʮΪʥ֮ԴȫһѾ˵ˣﻹһܹٳ֡
أ
ػʥ𣬻ٵ֦Ҷǲû˼ԣ˲ɻָ۷ٿҶ۳һǧ׳ıӲݸ߿£ԲȦҪסлġ
ľľµǻ𡣡лЦеĵ
籩
һߺȻ渲һȼŵʮһӱ㽫ЩҶ飬ʮ𸲸档
ͨĻ棬Ǽ֮ػʥδؾ£ʮȻǲȱģɾʮһЩԣǾ͵ʥܹɵϨһ㼴ȼһ£Ҷ۵ıӱ㳹׵ıջ٣ЩĸҲһ¡
ˢ
лû¡
ٶȷӵޣл˲Ϣ׵ģ׵̰˵ؾͨ켶ҪѵģҪ˵ˡ
Сĵ㡣̶
л΢΢һЦİɣЩָ˵ȻĻءһ̵ıӣ·ء
ĿĵȻǱٵıԺػʥڵĵط
ҶλãлҲġ
ڵҪĿ껹Ǹ˵ǸʵػʥĸӴĵλãƫĵطػʥܷΪĹؼڡ
뿪̴Լǧ֮󣬾滹ǧףлͿĸڷٵӡ
ػʥĸͬڵɵĻ
ಡ
лһ̷ˣϾػʥɵģлǻŵˣȻ޷ӹػʥĸӦ
뻹һ׵ʱЩ׷׵ĻһıӣЯž˵ܴص谭س
ƾۣлÿһϮ·߶ˣЦһ̸ı䷽ʱػʥ֮ĶԾͺһ͵һצ㣬ˮвκεƣɵķԼ
л۹۲ķ򣬲ʱĸı䷽λܿػʥĸ룬ÿһʮ׳ģ㿪ǲܵģΨѡǿ
նɽȡ
ʳָȥ
ɱ֮ױ
̼ͺϡﻩͳͳǾ޴档
ۡ
ȼգ⡣
ػʥ̲ĸ׺ݵлɱٵĻڵ´Լǧ׵ĵطһǧ׸⡣
лһȻ٣ػ⣬ӲЩĺǿĳɱǰ
䣡
ػʥ̸Ӧǹɿֲв̩ͬɽѹ㣬׺ݵлȥ
Ѿˣ籩θɾˣҲûٸлĸš
ˢ
лһѽ񽣳
ѡҲԭ򣬾ԣȻ޷񵶸޷γʣǾﵽͨ켶ſԣ˾޷ܹʵĹˡ
һʣɢһĨɭĺ⣬Ͷһ⣬лϴ߶սӿС
ݣ
ⱬһֱӽһնȥһС飬лҲ߶ٶȣ׺ݵĳײȥ񽣶ݺݵغնȥ
ƶն
񽣵ʹãȫն¡
رϵע⵽ػʥѸٵµԭӸׯ԰ҲѸٵе²ս
䣡
âӴһߣǹ񽣵Ľһ±㽫նʮ׵ĳȡ
лһͷ񽣣ٿȻЦ񽣾ȻĿǣ
ػʥȫ֮󣬾ȻɢˣûжлɰвĻлȡҶѶ


1988  ľʯ
ľԷ棬˵ǵһľûľԵı֮ʧȥ飬ͬǷǷĴڣֻлû뵽ܹػʥ
ɴ˱ϣлʲôɴԹΪҵĹơ
ţʱ׼
ˢˢˢ
лȫͷǸ֣Ҫʹã񽣵㹻ˣƾػʥɱĽڽڰˣ޿֮
˲佫һǧལػʥնĶϳɼٿ飬ҲڳһԼҲȭͷϸͨɫĲ֡
Ǿ
ػʥڣǽ׵ĸڣһնȻػʥʹҲˡ
ಡ
ػʥˣĸ˷׺ݵĹлⱻĿıǻɱлͿԽΣˡ
лһЦȫӳٶȻӿ죬˽һһĨֱ
䣡
һ֮£ٶȱնĳѺۣ¶ֻһ׳л˳Ʒһȥ
ž
ӹ㱻նˡ
лѸٵĽռָȻŵӵðػʥĸ򶼷ϯֻٶȷ棬ȷкܴĲࡣ
֪ػʥȻ񹥻лû丽ֱ֣Ӵׯ԰ڵķׯ԰ðġ
ׯ԰ڿǷҲıŸֳĹǰԴķˣһЩǿ߶ţĴ鿴
лһ֣ע⡣
˻
˻Уһֻͨȼŵĳɫķ˱㷢̷һ˻ͨɫķ˻Ȼ˹ȥ
ɫһ˻߶ȾķͳͳľˣĸžһĻ涷նɫĻ棬ʲô𣬼֮ͳͳ˹
лһЦһΣĹ£һ㣬ӷ϶дԽȥ
㿪ˣЩɲջȥġ
׷ɱлػʥĸҲʱͬٸצצӣģҰҡţ
䡭
ЩҲһԶ¡
ػʥܵԵĴҪ֪пġ
лλˡлЦţɳ죬ٴγػʥεĿöҶ
ɫ˻Χл
Ѿׯ԰ĸͳͳĳɱǸɫĹǵصĴӵ¶ȥ
л󷢣쳤Х
ٶһ˵ٶȶֹлҪ⹥ٶȺԼٶȣĸ졣
Ƶ磡

µӵٶʹлһ⣬ƿնȥͺ˲ư㣬գۼ㵽ػʥӴǰ
ʱ͵ħĸǿ߶ɱѽѷˣǸڲìܣŴţͳˣԼɱеħڱ˴˶ԾԶж֣ɱѪɺӡ
лȫչٶȣҲһᵽٶȴﵽ˺εȱ̬ĵز֮࣬ҲǺзִģƾٶһӳڣע⵽оػʥҲ뱨ȻûȤţ߾ֹлٸһػ
ɱڣлͷ·Ͷ
֦Ҷһײеħޣһеɱ
еһЩȻҲõػʥĶ׷׵ĳɱ
һʱ䣬ȴлڵλãܾǹҪǲܵģÿһȫġ
֮ŭ
л˽һƻһ޼᲻ݵȥ
·ĸֺ֦Ҷлĳʼ޷赲
䣡
һ谭Ա顣
һ·쭣ֱһٶףϵɴҶڵλá
ˢ
л±УȻ䣬еĵֵ׷׵ĳˣȥлóһͨ
ĵҲε֦Ҷб

й񽣣лȫһǰ̬ӲǱǿֹס׵ľ롣
Ϳ֦Ҷȴľʯ·
Ĺ찡лûие⣬ǰͨۿľʯˣͣ뿴֮ľʯĲС˶١
һ֮£лǳ⡣
ŵʱлľʯһײ㸺ˣ޷ԿȫһлȻҲ·磬ȴѾһս֮
ѹֱ濴Уʵ찡ľʯ۾̹ǡ
лֽ񽣻ʣ񵶣ЦĵҪл㣬ṩ˺õҲôͻˡ
ߣ
ľʯһ֪Լл˴ƣջˣҰܵ˳ףսʧء
㻹׼һս𣿡ľʯ浭ĵ
ʲô˼лüëһòͶɣ
Цһľʯﲻǵ棬ûκô˵ػʥӵĵطߣҲܵص谭£ûʲôһս𣿡
лܡ
ܹͨػʥеΧܼ֦Ҷĸ֡
ȷǷӲٶȡ
Ҳ൱ѡ
ľʯ棬ǴΡлЦеĵ
ʲôġľʯлʲô
лһָľʯͻһ֦ɣϸ̶ȴɵʮ֮һֻһңϷֻһƬҶӣǾػʥҶڣҶȥˮˮ۵ģΧűɫ
ҾǰȡҶл
˵Σľʯ泰ʵȷ˺ܶ࣬ȣԾźܴĲ࣬Ҫҵǰ߶ܡ
ЦһлԱ֪ˡ
ľʯ涢лؽھҶһ׵ĵطվұվζҶ
׼ˣл
˵ľʯ棬ɱлʳǰ֮׺꣬ǲġ
ҪǽľʯˣժҶǾһˡ
л񵶡
Ҫʹõıǿ֮ݣ˶޶Ϊ߼Ƕĵӡ
һݣ㹻лԽս۷ɫǿߣ߼ںϣʮ屶ս޼᲻ݵ񵶣ȫ֮£Ƿء
𣡡
ը졣
ڵڲ·Ҫ뿪ʷҲлͨ켶ԽԽӳҲԽԽǿ
Ȼɢȥ
ǿŸ͵Χܼ֦Ҷ׷׵Ķѣռٶ˽һࡣ
Щڿۣһ
Ӱ춯صȻѸٵĳڡ
ݣ
͸߿е֦Ҷֱ͸
л֮Ҳ䣬ɽֵٶڸֳ̻ɽһĻֻԶԣʱЩɢһΨҶϵϢ·ӰǻӰɽӰĸһ㣬о׵ѹԡ
ǣ
Ҳ֪ǷѾ޵Ľӽͨ켶λı֣ԭ񵶾Ȼ뿪ʴԼʮף¶Ƿĵ
лѪҺҪˡ
޶ߴ󶷼ĻǾζ߸леӡ
һлսֻ൱ڳ۷弶ɫˣ߸ӵĻǾͲһһڶô򵥣һһӽĵزȻ졣
ն
л浶ߣ˺գЯ֮صնɱ
лǾ׵ֶΣľʯŵ¶֮ɫоһ˿Σա
Ҳ֮߾ҪҶ;ԲֻܶѡӲӲлס


1989  Ȼ
һľǬ
лǽعľʯҲȫûаıеĳҲ·Ϊһ壬һﺮâ߿ջ
ĿԣĽ
Ƕŭȫĺɱ
ݣ
ݣ
Ž綼֦ܵҶ飬ЩΪߵĸǸ䣬޷ڸվȽŲ
߹˲Ϣ
󵶵ĵ񵶵ĵطȻˣǵʵλãҲһ㡣
ۿײǼɸı£л΢΢һ㣬ǳ󵶵λþͱ뵶ʮ׵ĵˡ

ײһ
һըеľʯ£һĲҽУ˫Ŷ䣬ԶŷǳǿĹԣǵĶģһЩѣѪ
ײĵطһĨ貵Ĺɢǹâ˫ĿҴ޼᲻ݵ֮еػʥ֦Ҷͳͳı飬նϡ
Ƕ򱣳ŸԵĶ
Ծӿȵļš
ҪѹԷһͷ
˴˵Ȼδ̷ֳʤ֮ǳǰˡ
лҲһипΪƾ޶߼ںĻ޷ľʯ棬ܹһЩɣ뾹ȻƾУɴ˿ɼ֮Ĳȷ̫ˣ񵶹ؼʱڷӳ
ֻǵ뿪΢֣лȷ֮ԶԶ
֮£ǳӦ顣
飬֮
񱩵ѹȵľʯμٵ½ѱȶ
ಣ
л񵶣ѹȵľʯ½ʮףػʥ֮£ȶΡ
ˢ
˸񽣳ʣ֮ɨ
꣡
Ҷڵ֦ɱһնϣлѸٽռָ
ػʥ׷ˣҶڣʧȥͽԻýĻᣬʧȥҶҲԶڵ¾磬ǰԽһ˶𽥵ʧȥήġ
֦Ҷ׺ݵĳȥ
ľʯҲ࣬ʼսȥлûκģȴл֣ܸģҲƵɱȥ
õҶлҲһ
Щ֦Ҷػʥʵ־ĻҲǳλɫˣвлġ
۱ľʯɱлǹһ˿Ц⡣
ˢ
ľʯɱǰһ˲䣬лȻһͷ½ϣԾԼʮ׵ľ룬һػ⣬Щ֦ҶǺ޸оģ㿪ľʯ湥һӸȥ
Ҳȡ񵶳Ϊ
꣡
ȫػʥл񽣿ֱԽػʥڣһ½ػʥмϣֱλã׵նϡ
ػʥʹɥ
ľʯıףȴ޿κΡ
ûµлҲֻܷغغըĿӿݣȴκβлġ
֮£л뿪ǻҵսٴפڡ
˴εĿĵׯ԰ԺıԺڡ
֮лԴӽľʯׯ԰ס£ͨ۾ʱ̹עׯ԰ıԺھͺ⣬˵λɫػţԺмʮֻ򰵵ĹעԺ
лδ棬Ȼһŷӵ档
ֱʹ뷿䡣
Ժڵķһţ䷿ȴмǷķӡģ˷֣ǽŷ䷿ҲиţˣǳλǿߣΨϵǿյģҲЩ뷨ģҪǷӡķ䣬ҪСı͵Ϯˡ
л˷ͻױע⣬Ҫ鷳Ƿӡĵ¡
ڵ£ͬŷӡػš
ػǿȣзĴ۷ɫĸʩչģǷ˻
ôǿлʣҪѵʱܽ⿪ԾȻ˵ע⡣
ôأ
л°ͣ˼⣬ʱһңԶϢͨһ˿
а飿
֮а긡л
үаϲ
ͨáлЩȡ
аһЦǰҲû뵽ֻʱе㳤
֮ǰͨ˼ʲôط˲ϢҪҲܹ
ϲ֮࣬лҲеƣôˣ
˵а˼綫ĻڿأͻȻأɲΪԼԷ˻ӡеͷ۵ʱаӦġ
үûˡа˵үһһģ˼ĺء
лЦˣʲôȻԶܸӦû
Ӧ֮𡣡а˷ܵĵ
֮𣿡л˽⡣
а͵֮ԶͨǸεĴڲܹһĻ棬ţ˵ɣû֮Ҳˣҵ꽫ʼģҲǴ꣬Ǿ֮߱𣬾һˣпܴ֮ڻ壬߱еԡ
˻
лһû̫⣬еԡ൱ĳ
а߱˴ôȫƹ㿪ġ
ƾҵĸӦ֮档а
лľʯΪҪǣһԿ͵ħ磬ǱȻҪóرſ÷Ķ֮͸嵹ҲǿġǷ˻ӡĵطֻҪƿӡܻᾪĸ֣֣ܶصҲ٣Ҷرעġ
ֻҪйصģʮİմԽȥκεơа˵һЩŵĻ
Խһл棬ƣζԺսаֱӻԵĸ֣ǾǻԸֵľԿˡ
л㽫Ȩ
аҲĴ߷
ƿл壬ͨڲϵشһĻǡ
ЩǴɢʹлΧֵǣͬȼǻţȥЩ¡
ал壬ֶֻǷ˻ץȥ
ܵĻҲŷӹȥ棬ȻͿƺһ
ͬһǷ˻ӡҷֿ¶һûκηӡûз˻Ŀ϶߹ȥӡķڣǷֿķ϶ҲԶϱˡ


1990  
ոһ֣һǿѹ㴫ݹ
лȻûʲôо֮ѹǿеĵزа鱾ѹΧĻǱ㻷תȻܹ赲ǹɿµѹȡ
лɵöЩŨȤ
ЩаΪ֮ڻ׳֮󣬲ž߱Ŀ˵츳Ķ
ѹӣҲûʲôΣˡ
˱鿴ڵһС
ֻ档
һȻǾŲ𣬻СڻϷоŲʷ˵ӰζȻǾŲʷµһ꣬Ȼǳ΢ԺԲƣѹȻͨ켶λģֻǿһ겢ûκε֪Ųʷ˲ûнʶעУҲ˵ֻڣ߱κε˼ʶ
һɢɫ
СһʱϨĻ磬ȴɢϢлԣ͸еػʥϢصĵطҪǿʢٱϢ
ͻͻ
лһ磬а壬ؿ˵֮а̾ϵŲϵ΢Բȥǣһ֮ǣʹаŨϢѸٵûжҲʼһ˿
˵аɾ࣬ΨһȱǾꡣ
ĸȸУûûϢĲ
үȡ֮𣬿̾ͻŲаһմϢ궼һҲѹǷݼ
йлʵ
аУҺ
л۹⿴ȥ͸ҲûʲôϵûиػţȻ鲻ô򵥵ġ
˵ϸ㡣л
Ųʷ˲Ǳүٵʮ֮һҪһ𣿡а˵
лͷûߴͷ֮Уʧصľ֮ǰһʥˮŲʷ˵һ꣬˵Ųʷʧӽʮ֮ͷʧĶöࡣ
а˵Ųʷʧ࣬ʧȻҲģƽʹˣԾŲʷҪȱ˸ٶָԼ꣬Ӧþٻֶָ֮һ
ǾŲľŲʷֵӰٿһɢŨϢ֮лԼˡ
֮ǿٻֶָ֮һһŲȻֻһ߾Ųʷ˵꣬ûʶʵŲʷ˵ŷǳܵϵл˵
ֹˣôһ֮ԾŲʷ˸̫ã巽϶֮ڻرÿһľԵģܹ֮ġаָ֮˵һ֮һİͷкܴĿܽٶȵȼ¸ġʮֿ϶ĵҸҶԣ֮ڿ϶һľԵżʧĶȻԲʹ֮ǿ˵زΪһ֮ԶͨҪȼҪΪ˱չֲġ
뵽˹еսħײƬսײƬսϽ֪л֮ǰ˼ѾջˣҲǴӻ֮ռġ
л˵֮𣬻Ųôһ
ȾһŲܿȫԣܹͷȫһоһǣŲʷ˵꣬ٶܵˣһҲը֮ħܵһĳа˵
òлЦаѯʵ뿪ǻ쳣
аŵĵᣬаþŲʷ˵һ궼Ӧ֮ſġ
лã뿪˵أҵ¡
ԴаȻͬġ
磬ĻٶȷھŲΧʱа˫֮ϴԼ׵ĸ߶ƯţǾŲʷ˵һҲֻ΢΢Ĳһ£ƽ
֮аýһ̤档
Ƿ裬·ķ˻ӡٶȷֿһ϶л̴߶û¡
ϸǾл̴ҪĬٱ
һ£лʼռ˫깲ľ棬˴˲ŶԷͲܵӰġ
֮£˲Ϣһס
һգ۵ĹǱڷɱľʯׯ԰·ʱׯ԰Ѿ׵ı飬񱩵·䣬Ƿׯ԰Ҳݻˡ
ɱ¾ҵʱ
л۹۲⣬Ѿﵽ٣һƬңЩˣħ͵ħĸɱײУǸ˹ֹû
ֻǿԼڵʹͻħ岻ҪУ׼ҺħҲȻ˳սȦǶлˣҲ֪Щǹҧһë˳Ҳûʧʲô
ӳŲʱ֮𡣡л˵
аһүԸ
Ծɼսһǧ֣ռ֮֮һҪһ㣬а˳ĸ֮һټô֮ľ潫ᷢԵת䡣
лϾơ
ĿǱȫʹħ壬嶼Ѿ˳սȦսԵһٶ׵ӡ
ಣ
лעսֽһŲ׳ȥ
棬һŲİ֮£ֱ׵ĸ߶ȣ֮ħİٶ׵ĵطսҲ׸ߵĵطɱš
λսȦԵĵطʹ壬ħӽսҵıԵ˵ǿлɱи֡
գлͺȵ
ҪѣаѾڵһʱ佫һ֮һսڣҿٵţѸٵͨͨ뿪л壬عı塣
л¸ȥ
˲Ϣ׵ľ룬ڵλãߣ͸оܾҵĲرףȻγһɿֲ𶯵л̶·һȭƵģѡ
л̼£פطȥ
Ŀĺܼ򵥣ǾԶ˵ء
ⱬţľʯ棬棬˹߲ʷ˵ĸ֣ǰ֣ߵĻܻ֮⣬˶ֻбɱˣҵĽǵפأǸפڶиػţҲܽԶǸɱ߰˰ˡ
л̴ӵðѾǾǱŲصԼ׵ľ롣
ӵ³֣׵λãеĽﶼѾΪƽأȥĵطһƬǽ壬ֻڼԶһЩҡҡ׹ĽڱըԴͷްκνﶼû²׵Ĵݻ٣Ҳ尼ʮס
һ·


1991  ׽һĻ
صĲкۣлҲٵӳȥѰҿĸ֣ȴʲôδֻǿܹ۲ľͷһЩǱӴܣӦǿˡ
סׯ԰Ϊƽء
лվڸ߿գ׵ĴӣٿΧĵƣ尼ݣ൱ڰͷȷǾףǸ߿֮ħµĽڲţġ
Ƕû뵽ɡлĵ
леЩ벻
֪֮ιʣѾʱԵķգܽܳû취ϢȥԺ֮ڵĸֻܼ٣࣬Ƿ¿еġ
˴ʧصǶԹ
֮ĺ׵ûκοܣ棬޷磬ħ緽ڻ֮ڵ⣬ܹγ㶦ƽ棬Ŀܷ˼ֽһ
ȻǾŲǴӵðģ뵽лĿҲܴ󣬺䣬ҵѡ
ͻͻ
л鿴ǷʲôرϾǿսħսűȶıҲܱ𻵵ġ
Ҫ˸֮ǰѰһһջѰУ͸оڵİ֮ͻأĲ¡
лʱͱ񾭡
ĶɣҲ˽ţΨ֮ףһβĹȣ˻ľлеˣֺ׵Ķľлݣǰ֮ѩɫĵ֣б¶Ŀܡ
ŵĹעš
˺һ֮Ҳûٽʲô仯лųһͬʱҲе֣֮ײĳ춯ģΨһĽ;ǣʲô˰֮׵ȤȤûȥȡ˼ҵľԼ
ƹµģлֹ
ģΪܹþܶ棬Ҳֻʱһ¶⣬ֱԶͨŲʷ˺ƹ£ԶͨµػʥŲʷµһŲƹǷҲ¶أûз̫ϾڵħڣƹԵģһЩ׵
л뵽ƹЩ¾סıׯ԰λ÷ȥҲƬѰҿܴڵĶ
ǰľ޴ڵ¿ٵĻָҲѾػ۷״̬Ҳлԣ۲š
ʲôˣʵ
⸽һĳرл˵
԰֮׵ӦĶپͷǶҪһЩȤġ
лϵѰš
һ۱㿴һƵĶơ
սħܣҲˣϲĵ
лһץǲƵĶƱУ˶ƺģ滹һ΢ţҲȷ׼ͨ켶ģֻѾƲֻʣ֮һҡ
лָǲһץնƵĵطһȱħ֣봫˵սħܸˡ
óսħײƬ֮ӴзӦ
ͬΪսħװĲƬǶͨ켶Ĵڣ֮ٴǻӦġ
ͻͻ
սħܲƬҵĶ
ȻսħܲƬһϤڸ߿մ
лͷһɫһ䣬˺Ȼż׿췲һƬսħײƬ
һҪұļһ
׿췲лһųУһоյӣлܲˬ
лֿɷսħܲƬ͸ң׿췲óһؽ˿ľ
л̿ĶͷһǶľԵģܹظоŨصϢһɾ˵ķ֮⣬ȻֻͨĽ˿ľȴһ̶ַȲѷɫ߼սʼĸо
лشĺܸɴࡣ
սħܲƬڱȻҲսħսսḶ́Ƕл˵޷ݵİο͸ˣοͷڱУҪĸſԣսʵõһЩƬĻкܴϣﵽͷ壬Ҳһͷġ
οܽ
׿췲΢΢һЦлֲһؽ˿ľɷͨĽ˿ľǴĽ˿ľʱĽ˿ľͼУƶǿԵģĻжʦ֣ȫԽɸ߼սʼĽ˿̺нͷ̶ȣսʼڶǶһ޶ġ
׿֣һսʼܹ𣿡л񵶣ʵ
϶̸׿췢ͫһл񵶣̱ŵ˫񽣺ǽǶֻҪϣͿܳΪһ񽣡
οܱսʼĲϴ򶯡
Σ׿췲ٶóһ
Ծһؽ˿ľ
ֻ˿ľڳֳĽ˿࣬˰ٷ֮ʮĲ֣зǳϡٵĲһЩɫǷ֮ǿ֮󣬿ǽʰ·硣
ʲôĽ˿ľл
˿ľֻڵػ֮ľеһأɴͨ켶ĲϣҾâۣܴɹһЩƷɲѷɫ񽣵Ĵڡ׿췲˵
лȷ׿ּ£սħܲƬźҪã޷׿ֽ
лǾܾ׿췲۵һĨɱ⡣
һĨɱ֣лҲԥͷų˵ƣԶʤʱơ
ҲǾ׿췲Ҫ
Ͼһսʤ϶ʧȥѰЩĻᣬһܹбʤ
лΪɳٶ찡׿췲һĨɱҼǵħƺֻоŸµʱɣһ꣬λ볤磬ҼħҪʰ·ˣ򵥣򵥡
棿л´׿췲żоͷл֪ģҪ˵ħᲢۣƺеٰɣ׿֣һλ
׿췲Цˡѷ档
ħᲢۣ˵ǰ磬˸оƺħҪѷɫ׿췲еһЩʲôˣ
ڹʷϣѾʧȥκӡǵϵʱûκμأ޷֮⣬ʷе˵ܹѹħһģл֪ƺҲֻһˣ˾ԸľͷҲ˵˵Ȼġ
Ƿ褣л׿췲ͻȻڵ˵Ȼûκθݵģֻһָо˵֮ƾ۸ܣ׿췲һ˿Ķ
׿췲Ǳƽû˿ı仯Ҽ˭֮лȻ֪ġ
˵һתפطȥѰҿܵһЩھ޴ը֮²ı


1992  ϣ
׿췲ıӰлɫ
Ƿ褵ĻôżʮżڵȻ־㹻˾ۼߣôҲ˵ż翹
һ˷ֻع𣿡ЩţʵǷʱڵѾʧٲ֪ˣԾеľͷɵµԶɱΪֹصĽأûоͷеģɼ褶ôĿ¡
лԺиͷħħǰ˵һ仰ħлع飬ع۷ԾɿԻ
ħͷ褶ǹϵӽͻƾͷˣҲһĪʧٵģû֪ǻ
Ȼͷܹ˵ħпܴʲô߻ôǷҲأѾ߳ˡ
ʱĹ̡
ħкϹʥļУȷļأʱǲ¶ٺۼģǺȴһٶżʮģʱĸִ棬棬ΪʲôõĽ;ǣʱ򷽾褴йʱʮڵһЩŻż֮˵
˵ħνħʹĿĸòħعɣл뵽ԡ
̵Էǳ󡣡
ħع飬ƿżʱпǳԽʷκһʱʱڣ¸ǹģ벻Ĵڡл˵ʥҪ˸ӵĻ棬ռһϯ֮أֻܾԼſԡ
ħĿħйǻǿԶģ˳ֽƻ˵
лЦ¾ͽˣͨħĹϵϢܹһ֮ڴġ
ħһϵĴڣʧ꣬Ȼѹоͷĳڣµ֮Ľƣоͷ޲ߡ
һڣǻع飬ħ̾ǿĴڣûκһԸħйġ
Ȼħͷ褿ܴ߻һиľͷܴѹлҲڵԸЩ鷳ҪǾԼֻҪΪﵽˣħͷ褣ͬһս֮
ٶȿʼѰð֮ӦĶ
ǰ׿췲ͻȻлûвȻȫѰҴ̼֮׵ĶйأҲ׿췲۹۲ⷽźܴлǸĽע׿췲ж
Ϊصżĸ֣׿췲һһرעģ׿췲ʼվס磬ħ򶼶ĹעҲǲĸǰȥмš
׿췲Щ˻Ӱֻ˵׿췲ЩҲǰ׳գıը䶯֮Ȼ֣ܸᷢܿϹģһǵǾи˿ҵ̼֮׵ĶǷܱԼõͲһˡ
лѸٵĸ
ȥһЩƵսʼУ֮ƷͳͳռЩʦǣһȫµսʼı֮Ʒġ
ڼƬսײƬһƬսƵսѥ
лҲ׿췲ҵƬսײƬҲвջ񣬵׿췲ЩνĲƵսʼƷȻӶл뵽˽˿ľ˶Ľ˿ľżڵĸѾ䱸㹻Ķװ˰ɡ
͸żʮֵľ
ȥлӦƹڵׯ԰ӽΧĵطٶ֮һ˿ˡ
лƾһָоȥѰҡ
ž
׵
лѸٵԴֻǰԼʮףڵ´Լʮ׵λãͱһˣ޷κζֻʵĿƺ׵磬
ϴݹȥ
ȫػⱻ߶лǽ񵶺ǰʱ׼üļʥ֮ԴͼֳҲ׼
˻ǰ
һӴѹҲǰݳѹ̶лҪϢˣ͸о˵ͨ켶λɢѹ˿µ
ͻͻ
֮ٶȲһ¡
ǹɿµѹ֮ʧƺ֮׸һûκεˡ
л̱ǰҲڿʲô
һ⣬һ棬һˮ
γΣʮ׵λøŪյشûʯĴڡ
ôƯڿС
ͷĵưɡ̵
Ժܴ󡣡лǻ棬ֲǾŲ𣬶һֳɫģȻ֮ǰһŲҪºü֪ƣֻǰըƺ˴˼һЩ΢ϵ
˸ҡΣˮβ
˴棬ƺڽһֹ
ѵԼ˼ʶˣɻĵ
˼ʶôܣ׶ӵУֻǱܵһЩˣлǷһ˿Ц⣬Ҳ²ⲻĻӦЩִģ䣬ԣԺľԵĸ֮ƬеģŻᶼɶԷ
ԣǸôֱȡ
ҡҡͷлȡѣķһȫҲΣˡ
ʲô취̵
л׵磬ٿˮΣ󿴿ǻ棬һ󵨵ͷ׵ɻˮΡ
̸ǲ⡣
лһЦٳĿռԵ΢ǰ׵ľ룬̫Զ
ʱԵĿĲ
ƺھ£Ҳģ֮׵ѹȷ̫ˡ
һлԼ侲߶֮ǧ֮һľ߶֮ǧ֮һжĵģϾ뵱߶ǧ֮һλȣʵ˺ֹʮ˱ʮĲࡣ
֮һҲλȫһˣͨ켶λȻܴģл֮׻ɱ׼Ҷϵʱ򣬿ᵽģ֮׵һ׵ܹ׵
ž
лʳָһ㣬һϸ˿ĵָȥһ׵档
һ׵ԭͬһСûеɢ䣬֮һ߹ûУͻȻ֮˹Ĵ⬣ϸܵⱬȥһɿ񱩵
ಡ
ϸС׵ֱӻĴ֣һӾͽǵһˮθȻֱӳ׵ڡ
֮ʼ׵վѸٵڡ
׵Ҳٵķɱ䡣
ֻգۼ䣬ԭ׵ֻͨ켶λģȴͷǿȣ׵ڻǿҵϢ
ҲͨӦ׽л˷ܵظоˣлΪʲô˵ĸأ׵Ȼ԰֮ûãʲô˿ֵأ


1993  սħű
̺ã
лǳڴ˷ܣôһĵģҲ֪ܷУ͸оԣܹ̼֮׵ĲԲΪ׵ôǿ󣬸׵ͻ棬ˮ߲ϵɵķӦ
лȷص㡣
׵Ӧ޽ӽʥ׵Ĵڣҵõˮεɾͳʥ׻ǿԵġ
ڻ棬ǺܿǾŲʷľŲͨĻ棬γɵʮȻʮѹ׶ɵģҲ˵ļ±ͨʥҪǿƫƫȴ޷׵κΣʾ׵⻹һлδֵģҲһİ֮׶
ˮΣԾ֮ˮԶͨյĵһرɣ˵ܹˣ׹ǵĶ
ϣô֮мŵԡ壬֮ˮе壬ߵ׵ڣͻʹ׵ԣǷԸͷһ˵أ
ͷ𼰸꣬ǽɫʥģ̺׵֮ϵĻ޷ֲɫʥף˷ðɣͷܱһĿָܻˡ
лԭڡ
뷨Ҫȥʵʩ
ܾͷֻǺɫͼģŸľͷɶֻǳлԣͷԾãֻҪ޸ͨͷʵԼ޷顣
лͷͷų
ɫʥܵˣ̺ŵһл겢ûܵʲôȻõġ
ͷƵлֻܵȥȫƿؾͷܣǽȥǿԵġ
ͷ֣ܳҲȻ
ϣܹЧɡлĵ൱ĵģԭǰ֮׵Ĳ
Ŀ֮£Ǿͷܱ׵硣
ž
õˮΰ׵ҪгģлƾͷܵüĴһɫ׵硣
ɫʥܵˣɱϾǴɼʥף֮£ȻֻͼʥžԵѹɫĵһ֣㽫ǵ׵ҹ»عͷܵüĴ
ͷվ
л̶סš
ˡ
εĲ
ǾͷֵܵĸһɫӰǽɫʥľͷܵ꣬ҵҡţǽɫ׵ؿĵطһɫĶڣͷ˹пµģҪ޸ͷܣǽǸλֺϲſԵġ
ɫ׵üĴһɫĹ㣬˿ϵزţһ׵ɢţϴȫǶڴʹǺںĵطһ˿˿Ľɫߣ˴ӣڻֺС
ˣлϲĵ
ҲΪܵĵ̫ˣͷָܻǾ˸ıˣܹһ벻ľϲ
Ȼлӵ̣Ҹо׵ȫ޸һȷ׵磬ԡþͷ޸ġ
ڴĿУͿͷǽɫ׵ؿڵĶڽһǳ΢߹
л͸һܹо޸þͷܳˣǲܾʲôսĻܿٴ˿ڱѣʧȥκá
ԴˣлѾˡ
ܹҵ޸ͷܵİ취Ѿܲˡ
ûãǲֹͣˣͷܵĽɫ׵Ҳʧܱڣл㽫ռָ
ǾͷܲǿĸִսҲһűˣʵǵʱҲԽóĶ
ͷһ̶ȵ޸Ҳл̵ܸߡ
˱ӵ
ʱ˿̣ȻĵģȻǶһЩ֮ĸ֣緽ǿ˻ǲ࣬ǲһʧô࣬˵ģоǱ˴˼ìܱܹҪѹġ
۹۲⣬Ѱҡ
֮ĶǾսħսűл̾һսħײƬһսײƬֻҪűȻܹϵģ⻹ǰ׿췲֤һΡ
˱ǽһƬĵطңȴЩҲûŹЩдƷսʼƷͳͳռָ
Щȵһ죬ʥǴˡ

ţͻȻһ֣ǽĵɷֿЩͳͳķֳֿһؽ˿ľ
һץһؽ˿ľС
˵õ֮ȥ󽻻˿ľˡлŽ˿ľɨһԶ׿췲
׿췲Ӧ֮һۡ
˿ľЦʱ䣬һҪԿ񽣶Խ˿ľǲҲпá
ҲڴлЦ
ǼѰҡ
ҵսħսűѾ٣Ķռ˲٣׺ʥ𣬼𻹶͡
ܹǰıըбҲͨƷˡ
ʮ׵ĸ߶ȷţлͷеսħײƬز΢ƺսħűԶӡ
սħײƬָš
ֱľʯׯ԰ĵط
л̶һۣﶼ¶һ˿ȣսħűڣڱըĵĻܹƺҲ̫ܣϾսħűѾǲƲȻһѾԺ׼ͨ켶⣬ǱըǾŲһеġ
ȻɱڲƳ̶棬ᣬҲҵһɡ
ٵǰУܿ㵽Ӵ
ͬʱ׿췲еսħײƬҲ˷Ӧͬ˸ŴԼһٶףվӵϷ
˴ûжΪ洫ݳһǿҵȻ˻ţһˣˡ
л׿췲һۣ˵ͫ׶
ڱըǿĵطȻܴԶ϶սħű϶Ǳģеơ
ʲôأ
Ҳһ˼ǾҪõ
˶ûж֣ȴһƶȻܹǲսħű̫ˣѲк󸣰
ζֵıҲܲмĻҾͲ˵ˣԺʲôõֵܵ飬˵
ֿˣԺҶֵܡ
̸У˱㻺ǷͿл׿췲ͬҲһսħűеսħײƬھҵĲء
лսħײƬν֣һһ㶣Ϊλ־Ȼʶһ˳ķǳơ
ͬλֿл̳Ѫɫɱ⣬ĺлɱҶҪ㳥


1994  
ֵĳлնɱ˼½ػ߰˷ƣէһΪء
ٿǷӣĺϵ
֣ҪҪҺ֡ո˵
ãĶл˶ӵģ׿췲ں滢ûз߾ҪΪԼĶӱ𣬾֣֣֮һԿţҪлߡ
ոֵİ֣½ˡ
΢΢½һ񽣣˽䱸֮ɫҪлߣͬע׿췲
Ҳ׿췲Ƿһ˿ĪЦ⡣
л̵Ρ
ʶȤĺˣƮȥԼһٶףлҲƮ룬߰ʮ׵ľ룬һ߾ȻҲģ˾׿췲һЩ룬׿췲ҪţȻλո־ͻԴˡ
һĻ׿췲лĿˣ˫ֱأȥ飬ֻ۾߾ŵǼ磬Ǿսħ磬˵½һ˺ȱٵĵطĵطģԾɱͨ켶Ʒʡ
װ֮һû֮˵ʶսħνǶͨ켶ƷӵԿɹۡ
ҪǣȻãôսħڿ϶սħսսһЩ¼ԸЩսḶ́кܶ򣬲Ƕսĸ򣬶ԶĲ򣬻жһЩܹͻơ
лҪ׿췲Ҫõ
лڵУһ˵˼һĸоȻѶȺܴ󣬿һرע⣬ܹ׽һЩ˼ģл͸о׿췲ǿҵ̰
̰׿췲Ȼսħż뷨
ǾҪñ͵ϮĿܡ
̵ʱڻɱ߾սħ绹Ŀռָлע⣬ѸٵҳһɱֶΣ׿췲°ᡣ
߾ǳλɫʵһֻ̤㳤۷徳磬ɱ֮ıŰϢпڼս֮УͻƳɾͳ۷ʵģ˵ǳλǿˡ
֪߾ԲƲ磬Ҳпűɱؼһסδܹܡ
л˼תһɱİ취
ɱҶϴΣδǰȥţӵһҪ㣬һ˺飬𣡡߾ĵ
ˢ
һѶϵ߾˳
һǿķ֮ɢǷ̶̵Ĺ񽣶𶯣Ȼһġ
սħ׿췲ϵѿڽе
лҲһ
߾оȻһսħҪ֪սħڱ˵ǹɾߵһλͷˣһԵжʹսħģֻһսħóսħսħǹֱж֮ǴʦĴҡ
õлЦ
Ҫһɱȡսħսħϵˡ
еԼ߾гˣȻĻ߾ҲܵԼ׿췲ܹᡣ
Ƕ㹷ĵ߾ĵ
ݣ
Ƕϵ⵶Ҳ׼ͨ켶ģԷޱȣܹӵ飬ôԻָͨ켶ħ۶ϣҲΪļ̫ˣ̫ǿˣпܺ档
һĨⱬʮס
߾ӵ׺ݵɱлҪ
һ˷
ڳǰκΣնǱԵģֻзɱ¾йޣһ״̬ӶһͻƶǺпܵġ
Ϳ߾һǹɳ˱ŭϢܹó۷弶ɫĸ˱ġ
;ס
л߾ͬʱҲ׿췲Ŀ׿췲Ŀռָ˸һĨĹ⻪Ƿһ⣬֮ͫţȻ׼ֻҪᵽȻֵġ
սħ磬սħϵ㹻߾ŵѵġ
ܸ׿췲ᡣ
׿췲ľľʯ൱лľʯڶνսĸоѻʤ׿췲ϻżڣ֮˭Ҳ֪ʲôĶõİ취ǲֵĻᣬȡ
⣡
лıȻչ
ݺ᳤Լʮ׵õģʵģȴɱˣȻɵµĵطл͸ˣΪλˡ
ͼ
һĽɫ׵磬һɫХ
¡¡
У׵һ𣬹ɷ֮һ׺ݵĳ̳ȥ
߾ıӲˣҲ̫ˡ
˭֪ĹǸԵģûʲôģ߾ںˡ
䣡
֮۵ػսħϵ֮ϡ
ǿ߾̱һǶһ˿ѪҪ֪׿Ǽ֮ףǷǼ֮磬߻Ǵɼģ׽ϣͨ߷ȻлƱɱ
߾һ¾ͱˣһӲ
׼Ѿõл˳һȥ
ۣ
񵶲ʣ߾λãһ±ƾ߾ʵͨ죬Էˣֻܸɵۡ
عţ߾¶һĨǿҵĲ֮ɫΪΪʲô
û˵ĹǸԵģֻԼΪġлЦеĵ
߾ҪĵĺУȴûʬ׹档
лһץ㽫ʬס
Ҫ˵ķ֮лǿĹֶˣĶ޶ںϲģһλĸˣҲлĿ֮С
ץס߾ʬ壬лٵĽ߾սħ磬սħϽͿռָߣȻӵʬ塣
׼õ׿췲Ĳȥ
׿췲ԸɾˣҲΪԼܹɵһžԷսħ߾һɱлˡ
иȫ뷨δʵʩȫ̥С
׿֣һ£ͲˣǡлõЦ׿췲ڰֱ֣û¡
ոɵˣ߾ûǰˡ
лԵȣ׿췲е
Ļδ䣬лѾûټ
֮£ǰӡ棬ûܹл뿪ģ׿췲Ĳ
ݺݵصлߣ
յ׿췲һҲ뿪ˣʱ򣬸ĸֶˡ
лû뿪Զڵ´Լһǧ׵ĵطرϵһж۹۲У׿췲ŭҲЦѡ
Կһſͨ켶λĸֻЩѷɫԻѡ潻ȽϺãȡͻƣֻҪ볤λǾʱЩ˶һˡ
뿪棬лֱ̱פء
лעҪʱΪ˷ѰҵˣǾŲʷ˷棬϶ܹȷŲΪλӵðлĽԻǵ͵ȽϺãǾͽݶɡ
ðʱѾʹٱǵģ˸ı䣬лΪߵŮ
û˵ĵطֱ֣פص׼ׯ԰
˴׼ׯ԰Ϊ׵ѾΪͷѪᣬǳҲѪѵõ츳ģصͬһֻ̤ͨ켶λġ
תƧĽֵл׼ׯ԰Ҳȫ濪޼ɵʹãı֣һ۾Ϳʹׯ԰һϤĲϤ˼粢սĻ顣


1995  
ôˣʲô⣿̿лסˣĲ鿴˵ȷûκε
лɫŹֵĵҿȵıһ𡣡
ʲô֪͵ŮˡƲ
㲻֪˭лҡͷҵڶǲǿˣ̫˼ˡ
л̬ҲȤ˭
лЦȥ֪ˡ
תֱʹׯ԰ȥ
̼״Ҳֻܸһԣһǰһׯ԰ǰʱڸʧأνǽ䱸ɭϣʵǰҡ
ŵġлٰݰҲ׼ֵĺܵ͵ʹûʲôͻҲûбرĶԴ˽ׯ԰ڡ
Улͷ˰ע
ΪȫԭݵлҲģֱڵǸԺڡ
ԺǰͱŮסȥ·
һŮǰȥͨ籨ţһ˿лˣûãŮ㷵أл˽ȥ
ܹסһԺʹݵλȻǺܲһģҲǰĿкܴĲͬ
Ժһ¥ڣվڴǰһɫȻģл֣٣롣
лһ˿Ц⣬ﰵЦװĻͦôһ£ղű˼ҸĴ鵴ģɲء
Եƣѵһˣ
ʣŪŵ˵˭
ֱӷԾǸ¥ڡ
лţƭҿɹİνҪҺ𣿡
Żѳ֪ͨħʹܵĿľҪʹڵĳ˸ñž״̬Ժת۽֮ûԹе鰮ļ顣
ټ£ȻɣǺԶɱĹֵ³֣ҲǱ𣬽˹ֵ±ħӦûʲôʧɡЦǺǵĵ˵ӦллҲǣңҲܴӹֵеõ׵֮ء
ңл㣬ŵ߼𣿡лЦЦĿţ뵽ˣҪѶУ˭˼ҵ˸ֵأǹѵֵܡ
Ц٣¡Ȼס۾ɵԲģŵĶл㣬Ѿǳλˣ⣬ôܣǷֿʱŲλˣż£ͻƵȵزˣѵʲô
ڣκʵЧġ
лʼ磬㲻ҲǴλɫﵽ۷ɫٶҲ
ҵٶڱǾģǷӰ޼ɵǿ߶Ѿ˦󣬿ɸٱȴ̫ˣԭһǿѾ׿֪·ˡſɬĵƳһ̣λŮҲλ볤ˣһҼǵãڻ֮ڣҵսħսűһ¿Խʮ磬ﵽ۷徳磬ҲһЩɡ
ȻһЦлǻǲҪתƻĺã˵˵ƭҵɣƽϢҵŭ
㲢ûʧãαؾ¡üһˣħ֮顣
лԣЦвң
ŵôΪҲ޲ɡ
вңͲҽҴ𣿡лٺЦ
ˢ
һɱɱŵϱŷ
ԭů͵ĸ¥һӱʮȣƣ˲˸ɭɱ⣬л
͵ңź
лεĵ͵ֻ뿴ʹʲôжû뵽ⷢ㾹Ȼˣٺ١
лЦӣ뵽ǰİòĴ鵴ģһ̡
С׼ֵĻҷ㣡ߵ
ǳһӱѹȵ߰˲
ʵ޷Կ
лڵһָܽŴģŮˣǾģֻǿȻôһˣҲͲٹĽ䱸ˡ
ס֣
ŭ
һŶ˴洳һӷסŵϸ䵲ĵ˵㣬˲𣬿ҪҵŮ˲ǲҵʬȥ
ҪߣҪҡŴΪż
죡
ӺȵԼŮҶˡ
㡭гˮرŶˡ
ŵı֣лڱȣ뵽ŵĻ̫û̽Ƿĵģ˵Ժ󷴶ʥ뼫Σ֮УлֻӲĳһĮӡ
񽣣֪˭
˵֪Се⡣лȫԴ֪̫˵лֵ̫ɫˣѾҵȤҪһսұ΢оһϣͷлƺмǳҪõֵܣһ㡣
˼˵ЩгĬˣ֪ǲˡ
Ҳйâ˸٣֮ң޷ǾΪ㱨ˣſϰݡ
лЦ˼ʥǵйҺѷŹǡ
ѵûбİ취ˣŵ
ҲûаɡлɣлһսȴҲӦа취ҵлƶȻŮ̫ƻ˼Ŀ£»ڣҪԼ
ԣŭ
ֳһѶ̽ȻͱԼࡣ
ٶȣûа㱣

˻
лҲһĨâ۲׽ųɱʱĿĺͿɬĵܹסԼ˵ɬʹ˽
ˡ
лֹҲٿȻ
ž
Ƕ̽лָסǯӰ㣬ƾ޷ǰ֣ŵ·ס
һսֱ𿪣Ҳƺһˣ붷еĻС
нرţûͬʱӦлŭ㵽ʲôˣ𡣡
ҲǲĿ
лʼ磬Ҿ뿴ǲĵģǲǶ˽ģĿˡ
֮ǲģƨ¡ŭ
л۵ҵ£Ϊһ𡣡
ɵˣ˵ʲô¡
лشվллڼǳ֣ˣлӵսԽսҲԣлڻ֮ңΪʸ֮ģͳˣɺ𣿡
㡭ָлĵ
лЦŵͷûҾл


1996  ͼ
ѾɵлԼݣҲһ㵵Ŀл̣йâ˸
иֱĿлһգգġ
𾪣̸ǳԾ
ô¶Լʵأ벻ͨҲĿУҲ֪˵˭ֵл¶ʵݡ
лɻĵ
л΢΢һЦ̣ٱ
¥ڣŷлʵʱ򣬾Ѿʩչ˿Ҳġ
̰лĸ첲ϣͬʱٱ
Ǿ¶ݡ
㣡м
лƿ٩Ҳû뵽С˼ʱ׷ŮˣûٴΣҲ˰ɣȻħ磬Ÿˣ򵥰
⻰̵ս죿
нժ¶Ŀս졣
˭뵽׷Ůô׷ϵ˾ȻŸˣҿ֮ĸ飬Ǻġ
ţ㲻ҰɡлЦ
ſЦҸĸо̫ˣĻˣ㻳ңˣӦòٶ˰ɡ
лҺĵġս˵
ʥǵİΣұ߶ȾСлûиսǸ˼֮ĹϵҲˣһתʵôһģˣħģ˭ħˡ
ս˵Ҽ򵥵˵ɣ㣬̡͸лʦħ֮ңֲܺŴϹڳģǱھͨħʱմ󷨣֮󣬴Ҿ˸֮⣬ңܣ֣裬۽ܣգö˵ħ磬塢һЩ硣
ħʱҾͱ͵ħʹΧڵһܵڣǡҲĥԼǡñħΧǾͲսҲǾ˾һĽѣӵΪˣ˵Ϊͻͽ֮죬Ҳﵽ۷徳ɫǿȣ˵֮ʥϹˣ;ܣ֣ڱչ磬ӥڡ
սл
û뵽Ȼôħ磬ǰȥģҪĥٳɳϣڿռһζĿޡ
Ϲڵʱմ޷ݵһط𣿡лʵ
սǲԵĴͣͬʱͣҲǸȥͬĵطܺˣ˶֪ȥʲôط죬ҽӵϢƺڼǳˣľҲǳĿ£ѾʴװתΪװ׵ɱҳλĸ֡˵ٺһЦҺܻΪŶ
Ϲлûĵٻôһ뷨ģһҪĳ嶯ţʹ壬ѡһûһԥ
ĵĻŵ⡣
ս״εĵԼ˵ɣл̫ˡ
ûΣաŲ⣬ϿɣҺһ𣬾Ҫʹ屳ۣǻ˿ܻܼѵѡ񣬶˵ʵûʲôѵѡΪһ˼ѪҵĸĸҲǴʹ壬Ҳ˼ѪҲˣҰҵɾͰͷҲҲô̫⣬УνʹˮҲǼٵģҵʱȻֻм꣬ЯҸĸµ壬иĸһ˿꣬ʱָôģõʹʥˮ֮Ѹ٣Լʲôʹˮ
лȻ㲻ǴʹѪ
ŵͷʹ壬壬壬׼ңԼУǴͼѪЩڣ˼Ѫռݵ˽һĵز
лΪ⡣
˵׼ң֮ļʽǿ̫ܲ⣬岻ͬҪ̳صģΨѪܹʼձƣѪ̫ӣзǳ谭
ʹ⣬ΪʹǷǳĹԣڰжҲ߰ԵģѪңʹʱ䳤ˣ˶߽⡣
˻ʵĽɡ˵
л˻ʵĽ
ŵ˻ʶ֪ʮǰ˻ʴľŴʥмʥ磬ЩҪʥˣıѪ߱˼Ѫܶ࣬һЩеĶֵʱѾкܴģˣʹҲ޼ƿʩֻܷϢΪֹһЩ֪أҲڻѳƷʹˮ֮󣬲֪ϢЩУҲע⵽ǷǴʹѪˣʹòӣÿսǱǰУܵȥģ𡣡
ô˵㱳һ֧֧ЩѪĸˣл˵
ûǡһ£˵ҲǰҿΪģҺսõŵͼҲǵİõġ
˵Žһŵͼó
ʲôͼл
ڵصĵͼ˵˵ʥ֮󣬱һֱĳطǸԷֿģ½˷֣ҵ֮󣬶ĪȥΨһڷ֮ǿܻؼң·ͼ֮󣬱㱩ж
лĵͼţ˹ƻѰңҲãǾͲˣȥѰ壬Ƿصʱ򣬴Żᰲࡣ
ŵݵͼʾҪȥĵطӦǧɽǸطڻ֮䣬һǧҲʲô鷳
ǺðɣͻˣǱȻ׼פתתл
Ǳֿˡ
лһֱţ鿴ʹ壬ҵׯ԰ڵҲûʲôؼ˼̸Ҫµʱ򣬴ø߼ģҪ͵ܵģ̱ع׼ׯ԰ڡ
׼ҼһϵʤѹƵĴһϵ̧ͷΪ׼ҼһϵƼ峤̳˵ǵλֱл̵Ȼõ߹ӭӣ׼һ֮ӣȻзڴһϵ׼ҸǽҲˡ
ǽܳϣ˴θͳ֮׼˵ģҲ׼Ҵõδϼ̳ˣҪúöԴŶܵ
𿴶׼ˣкܶ˱˴˸ʶġ
Ͼ׼̫ˣΪ֮һǵפҲǧķΧ˿ڸǴﵽ֮ڣǲȫʶģʱܹΪһٮٮߣѱȫʶǽܱȽ⣬ڴɣʮǰĬĬţʮԺͻͽر㲦һֱ˵ͨ켶ģܹ߳˵ĸʵѾǳɹۣһϵȷûˣǽһϵ˳ôһϵʣóֵҲֻвͨ켶λλλඣûаͷûгǱ֣ҲʧȥԿ֮ˡ


1997  һָ
л׼ңҲǱҪЩһϵ˸ɵ뷨ֻҪǱô׼ҾĳΪ˼֮˵ˣ˷ˣҲ˼վ˽Ÿ
ɣҿܶĻ˳ݵĶҲܶ˵Ĵ˵ڼǵı֣ܾʣ˲𡣡ǽ߹л棬̬ȻûаưĮ
Ϲˡлĵ
ǽֵܱóȣ˿¡
ͨлǽܵǺɫģҲ˵ǽܶǳģʵȷǴﵽͨ켶λ磬˵֮ͻƵġ
ͨ켶λ
лЦһ֮ͨ켶λ֣ӵҲǳ۷徳ɫǿȣûκεƿԡ
֪ͻȻڻ֮ģǽܵ
ѵֻѰսħսűδˡлƽ˵ǽܳûȥҽΧлս𣿡
ǽЦҪʶûȥ
ϼһˡ
лֹȥĻ²ҲˣǱˣֻ취С
ûµĻȥϢһ¡л͹˽ǽԳǸˣҲ¶ġ
ڣһԺߵ˷Ը
ڵ˴Ӧһǰ磬
ڣĶڡ
лͷ̸ȥ
ˢ
ſڣһӰͻȻ֣סǵȥ·
ͬһ㣬γɵĿǰڶ޷վΣƺһˡ
лְڵļͷסΡ
飬ʲôڿˣɫŭ
ߣ·˵㣬Ҳģû뵽ԽԽˣȻǰûվȽŸǲӵĵ
ǹΪ֮˵ȻںܲԸڵݣҲ͵Ӧǽܵˡ
лȻĴˡ
ʮӣףԲһͷͷƸѣһ˫ͭС۾˸ž⣬ͷӣڣһ죬¶ŰɭɭݣһϮףһɽһվſڣ˫ֱ磬סȥ·
ٿ˾磬лҲ۾
Ȼһλɫĸ֡
ͣﵽ磬Ȼ˵츳ǳ˵ģлļУȻûˡ
飬񣬻󡣡ǽܺȵǺȳ⣬˶ܿóֵһĨЦ⡣
л󣿡
ұ󡣡лĵıݡ
ϻ񣡡ͻȻһЦȻͷֱͦ壬˵
һͬĹأǾǳɾͳǳϣͨ켶̫ϳϣﵽͷľ֮һ
ʲôطΪ磬ԶΪϵġ
μ̳ˣûдﵽ֮ǰҲҪģȻˣֻһأǷӣҪˣ׼ңһϵռݾƣȻԵжԷĳϣ̫ϳϲôˣҲȥ˵ʲô
ϣͻˣɾͳˣɫ΢䣬
ȻûһǰͻƵģһֻȹ̾ˣϣԺǾͬΪˣ϶չһ
ߣһɫúѿ
ԭСƽƽȻǴĸ֣Ҫμ֮λģ֮ΪѾںϣֻǷȱһԵͻưˣҲһп˵ģʶԣǲ죬ʽɾͳ磬ϣǾ͸Ӽˡ
ţ׼ңҪصģ˵μ̳ˣ鳤ҲǴָμ̳֮һǵλ൱ΪϣӦġǽҲˡ
ǽܳϣոЩƣڸȥϢˣҿûҪ˽˰ɡߵ֪лΪ̶ܳȣ֪лһ˵ģֻм߲ˣֻ֪ĸԺܸңԲģĻ鶯ֵĻˣʱܻûģǶ˵һܴʧˣԾǲռҲҪǿͷ
ǽЦѵиʱ䶼ûУҪ鳤Ҳǿˡ
һ֣У񣡡
ǽεĵϣ㳤ִˣҲû취ˡ
ǽһЦе޲һȭ飬ʲôû취ˣ˭֪Ҳ磬ǽܵ⡣
ȴҲ˵ǡ
лĵҸ񣿡
ûϣ񣡡ͷȻ˵
׼ҲһأֻҪϣôԺԶˡлЦеĵ
Ȼͷһսϣ
лս㻹ûǸʸǽѵ㣬֪ǰҲҪš
ڱǰȻţãǱϾͽѵѵ㣬Ժ׼ҶۡЦһתǰĿأҾѵ㡣
лǰȥ
ڸϽɣǧҪȥǳĸ֣㲻Ƕֵģܻɱֵġ
ֲõģֻɫҶʰˣȥ׼ҵμлЦǺǵĵ
ڵ˶
ǽһңڴǱѹƵĶ̧ͷˣܹǳڻ֮ڣԺٿ˵ɫˡ
һЩġ
˭֪׼νսϿԲȥֻһ˵ˣ˭ܹܳϣ
ЩһЦ˵лˣƾսһл顣
ȻҲл뷨Ǿǹĳûնɱ飬䣬ʵǴƾٳμ̳ѡҲǴһϵڴˣǽնɱȻɻһϵġ
лվڴǰ̨ϣ˫ֵȻĵ飬ְɡ
̫ˣŭڼһɾͳģߣñԼǰ
ŭóһ׳ľ޽
ѽʮףལ洦ޱȣ˸ź⣬мǺأ൱˵ġ
ಣ
Ӷ޽лݺݵնȥǿγһɸҵĺ磬ʯ屬ѣ׷׵ķ
飬лӣһ
ͤԨŵȣǽһ˿ĸоǿһǽһ˿ѹˡ
޽ɲǼ䵽ͷ
лٿȻ֣ʳָǷĽ˹ȥһĨѩɫĵҲָ档
ɱָ
ƶ
лҲͨȡئħսڣʹսٶȾпµı֮
ǿı֮һ±㽫޽
꣡
ָо޽棬Ǳ׼սʼľ޽ǿսѩɫʥǰûаֿ飬ǿָҲ֮üģҲ֮ѡ



1998  صĶ
ս˿٣ǳϣֳһ˲ѻȸ˶ҪϢˣǰһսĽ̼ĴһƬհס
лĵ˼ʧ󡣡
ȡ
ԣ㱻ˮǺɵ϶ǸɱлΪģʵҲѾﵽˡ
ǽܵǲʹȥǱá
ǹģȴҪ˵ɱ
֣߰ɡлôǽܵˣҲǳʧȥϣڿʼЩǽܵ˽൱һ˿ʼѡˣѴϵˣٰ࣬˿µܹ̼ѡ
ڶɵˣֱлȻĵããңҴȥԺϢ
ǰ죬л̸
л׳ıӰǽѵĻᶼûУֻܿµѪĳ
лסıԺλ׼ׯ԰ĵڶһԺҲⶰׯ԰ڻõĵط滨ݱ鲼ɢŵ㣬ŵķ֮ˣлһҪֻ̾ס
ڽ̸˺һҲ˽һ׼ׯ԰ڣ˫ĶԱȡ
һϵռƣǴһϵֵһ࣬Ҳе֪׼ܲڣһϵȨѾѹ˽ɣҲֻ֧ܿţ֮£൱ĴһϵԱתͶһϵ
νһƬ
ֽ̽ڲ뿪
л̱㰲ĵסԶѰǶķ籩Ǳȴĳأ뿪籩ģǰȥѰ塣
Ҫ𾳽ͻƳ磬ǾͱҪںϣȻٽͻƣһ൱ʱ䣬ħҲǻѽһµʱ䣬Ѿչʮ죬л˽⣬ôҲҪٻʮſͻƣʶľޡ
֮ǰлóöƣϰԵоһԾûκεջ
Ҳó˶ȡ߾Ŀռָ
ռָĽΪлĨȥĶͳͳóЩûõĶӵʣµһѿȥͬͭƷ
߾ҵһսħսսҵĵطлЩЦ
ƷսħвƬÿһСҲƴСȻսħбĲ֣ѵͷһЩƬսħװϵеĶ
ϧˣˡеϧĵǰҲռ˴ĲƵսʼƷҪ뽫Щ˶ʥǾͱʦˣʦĲпܳɹ
л²⣬սʼƷ˼¯ɹʿɲ͵ħ磬¯ܱȵģͶݽȥɹʻǷǳߵģôණܹƳʮսʼ˰ɡ
Դ˺ġ
˼ʱ򣬸лʦնɱޣռɽ˿ռ磬ΪռһأҲɽѹͨ׵ķ飬ǵķӡôˡ
ռսħսűóѷһ
۵ľսħսħϵһһŸ߱»عͨ켶ħʱбսϽǽĲ֣ԵҪѷɫսħϵࡣ
ͨ켶ΪͷռУȻǾͷεϴܹͷսĹ̼սħսħϵӦòƷ¼ĶǻҲģȥܹսħսսͻء˵
лҲд⡣
ܹս֪ģҪռսħսűĻܹĿ󳬼ͷսḶ́ǸԳһеḶ́ǳġ
սħչսħϵһԡ
л۾Һ̬ȥǽйͨ
Һ̬Ǣսħ·̼ܵ㣬ͷųһɾ˵ս⣬һңԶʱĲϢϢ֮£µһ˿
˱֣㹻չʾսħĿ¡
һ̣̾Ϳлľսħڣ侫뿪壬սħڵ棬ʼȥۿ¼ĹսħսĻ档
л͸еͷһϰ㣬һõУģѹֵĺܣ紵ķɳӰվգ϶ϵ
Ǳսħս
ǰȻվƳ죬սȻδսǹɴصƣκξͷ޷
ؼΨˡ
лľУͬع鵽ǰͨսħһսһоģͺҲֳһ㣬ǸʱǸصһжĸо
Բǧκε
ǡлĵĸӦſһУһϤȻ
˵غȻսħսʱ壬ռ巢ӵ൱µĵزͺһƬɽصĻ֮Ӳħ뿪ˡ
ʱ䣬Ʊˣ˶һֹ״̬ǳûһս
ռ䣬˵ǻ֮δģڵħһ֣ȴǿи뿪ħ磬Ϊһռ硣
ؼɳǵѹ֮£չֳ˵˿뼫֮硣
лľѪڣսħսţ˶İ֮Ҳմְ壬ÿԳûѧϰһЩһЩ벻͸ѵ㡣
¡
һը졣
սħս۾ͬʱһĨĿ⣬еıҲͬʱսһ
лľ͸еһǿҵѣΡ
ٶۣȻ־Ѿع鱾塣
ô£̼æʵ
ұˡлƵĵոտսħս׼ء
̵ǲľʹõ̫١
Ҳɡл߶̼֮ȫҺ̬һεĽսħڡ
ڴܹĴս
սȥžͱٶȸϳ
Ծǿսħս𵶽սʼ
ĴΣˣлģתͶսħϵڣϣܹͻƣһ
ƾлŬɡ
սħսսḶ́лǳֲӭ̬ȡ
ҲȥۿлĴһģų⣬ԣֻý
Һһǿʩչʱ壬ռ壬սħİܷݿĶԴʮսƾۣǧֻظ²һ¡лδһսҲûջιۿսǰľҲְİڡ
ְһЩл׼ұԺڣʼչزһʱ䣬ͷʱ֣ܳؿռӺһɵɿռ䲨ʮս䱳ֵġ
лļʣԺ򲻶ϵսħսŵĳ棬һЩͷ


1999  ޼ɱ
ɵϢлΧţʱǰʧˣȡ֮ǳ׺ܣ˸ŵǹ⣬лԺƺһʱӣذڶţĿ̶ɼֱ꣬£ա
õĿռҲ𽥵лˣǿȥӵʵ·лҪƬ뿪Ϊһսռ䡣
ռڣʮս·裬ķƶ𶯵ǳ·ܹһ㣬лУƬصףֻֿ£һʱ䵹һÿռ
ϣ̿Ŀɿڴ
лЩҲһЩˣڣ䣬лڱչ
ˣȻĿлȫ̡
̶嶼¶֪Ŀл̣Ȼжһ˿
Ϊʥ֮Դˣʮʥ֮Դ̶˽ԶԶܱȵģչֵʮսĻ켣Ҳжʥ֮ԴòһЩȫµ뷨
ϢƣԺܵһ˿Ӱ졣
ʱ˿̣ڸվסıԺһĲС¥ĶˣһС
δǾͷ˸⣬ǱԺУԺ·һĸ֮£ȻгŤƺҪһЩĿɿڴ˽ʲô
ʲô仯𣿡ɻĵ
ۿһˣʲôҲû֡
̾ǲడڣҲϴСˣҪ꣬ô͡ˣҲ㣬ôʱ򣬻ء
ףҡڿЦ
ԭΪμ̳˵ģһˣ֮࣬ȴɱӻ飬мˣоڣҲǱģֻлٰչֳԽԽ˵Ȼȡʸʣµֻ黹߱鱻ɱȻû̳ˡ
˵ˣѾܺˣϾѵһ֮ţձȻħ֮ġ˵һ㣬ϣҪμǡ
뽲ڵ
ĵӽԺһҪùϵгһգɾ;ͷȻǲħĴڣʱָһҲкܴϣɾ;ͷģΪͷΪҲ޺ˡ
ڵһŬ
ţˣȥɡڰ֡
ڴӦһ뿪ˡ
ǱԺ֮в԰ΣҲϣܹеõһЩ򣬼ӿԼȡտͨ켶磬Ѿ룬ֻһԵɿͨ켶λˡ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬һϢӱԺķӿһӽԺ͸еǰһ
ǶԺƾʧ
׼ׯ԰ڲûʾʧԺ֮¶ĿյأҵĿռֺϹԾɱã򵥵˵ǣԺûˣԭԺҺ໥Ժǰĵ·һǰ˴˽Ǣ
ˣĵ
δ䣬ǱԺٶȳ֡
Ŭ۾ȫĲ鿴Ժûκεı仯ŤĸоҲʧˡ
һжع˳̬
˱仯ȻлѾ
̫ˣǶ𣿡УоЩŵĿлŵĵ
лҲֳһĨ֮ɫʱ䣬ռ䣬ϣںϣѾ춨ԼɲǷĻˣ
ڶ޷ݷŵĸоǶ֮һС𣿲׷ĿռС硣˵
ûл϶Ĵ𸴡
ռС磬ȷΪռռ֮һܹռС磬ǹףռСģǸ磬Ծ֮ڡ
лǳɾһĵĿռ䣬һлԼսռ䣬ȫ˵ħ磬ħûκεĹ˵һ˲γ֮Ķһռ䣬лﵽһ̶ȣռ֮пƾԼٳһĵ硣
սռ䣡лܵĵ
һԼսռ䣬ֻҪУʵģΪ°ܽɱᡣ
һռ䡣
սħսսֻϧǰܹ࣬ȫİӵľˡ˵
лЦҪ̫ˣ仯ѾˣսħսսδܿҲԵģǲУű˲ԡ
л˷ŵÿȻҲ˵ʲôˣȫµֶʲôأ
ˣͽ޼ɱл
޼䣬ռ䣬սռ䣬ɱȻ޿ɵֵıɱֶΡ
޼ɱ棬ȻױȣҲһЩĵطǾлʱͿռ̫ǳҪ뽫սռڣҲô׵ģϾսռķΧ̫СˣɵҲǺܳ㣬ͨ켶֣ǽУ˼ҲɵĻġ
лҪ뽫ȫµǿƱɱӵ쾡£൱·Ҫء
лҲǾȣ鴦˷С
һ壬һ̣߳䣬ڱԺڻһ£ñʲô˾ıʲô¡
Ҳȫˡ
лȻңңһͷȻ뿪ˣлڱԺ˵Цģ̸һЩ绨ѩ¡
ӵ˶פغʹפڣ׼޴ҲзҺһЩطС
Ķ̬ȥա
֪ͨʱķչѾգȻ֮һʱⳡѵױлʧصı棬û˻ǵĻһʱ䣬Ѱлȳ׿췲Ҳûţ⹫лõսħ磬սħϵֿʼ񣬾ǻ֮ҲʼŷЩ˴ҲѰлĻС
лΪ׼ң˭޷ҵԸؿʼѰħޣΪл϶ڵµģȻһϢûС
лԴ˵ȻһЦ֮С
ѰһЩ鱨лͷ֣׼ҵĲԺڵıԺڣյڿ
ǽܾסĵط
лͿˣȴǽܣĸ֣ǽܵĸ
׺ƣȥ֪ͨɣڣǽĵ
Ϊ׺ƵһλɫǿߣһЦϷģԲỳɵģɣ


2000  Ȼڼ
лرעǽܵˣԭӹɵģҲνǽܵȴһϵľӢͳͳĲ׽һϵܴΣʶһǸԺڽ֮л͸Ĺע
ǽܺǸ׺ƵĽ̸Ҳлͷһ
⻰ʲô˼
ƺڼ飬˵ݿлȥӶԼ쵽˼ǰµڣлʶˡ
˵лûʲôɵģ׼˲࣬ҲڵȼˣǿɶѪֱϵδ˼ְѲǵоȻڼ飿
л
Ǹ׺Ʋѯʣ뿪ˡ
Ȼ׺ҪȥǸڼģԺҲٴл۹۲졣
лص׺ơ
ͨ׺ƣǸνڼ顣
׺Ȼ֪лĹ۲죬ԾǷǳĽûжǻصԼס
ֱҹ׺Ʋٴγ
翪ʼȺлҲ˳׼׺ƵľٶлĿɿڴǣ׺ƾȻԵǸԺŴ
лıԺ׼Ҹӣڵס
Ǹѵʲô⣿лעš
Ժ׺·Ĵùңصһ¥ȻһϢڵأһ
漴лرעǶ¥ڵһͻأһĨɫâȻ۾
վڡ
׺ƵĿԣϢ棬׺
ôˣҸᷢġüЩŵĿǸ¥ͬʱһĸ֪
ȻҪ¡׺ߵ
ڲͷĵʲô£˵
׺ƳǽܳϵҪڱ뽫쵽ǧɽҹɽ
ʲôҹɽɱڵͺ
ϻɱϣΪμ𡣡׺Ц
ڳǻҵСҳΪμǿЦ޷ǾңӻȫƶˣǶɱˣ֪ˣǵ˾ûκλΪ޷ϣԲҪΪİɡ
Ц׺ƵȻ֪Ǿ͸ˣԼŰɣ֮ڣ󲻵ҹɽ֪ʲô
˵꣬Ƴƣ뿪˴˵ء
ɫ·Լס
̸ʱ彻̸ʲôл֪飬Ψһɶ϶ľǣڱڼ飬ǽܵˡ
л֮⡣
סڣлһĨ⡣
漴°
·һж֪Ƶġ
ӣлھޣҲѾҶںϣһܹ֤ٶʼղĶ
һ죬൱ڱ˿һµʱ䣬˽ʮȻٶҲǼġ
ڶյ䣬ڳлıԺڡ
ĵлһʧ
Ȼ֪ڵ׺׺ƽ̸ʲôл֪Ǿģ׺ƺǽܵĽ̸仰֪ҪڽһڣΧɱǲ֣ƻȻ֣ǾζڰǽܵķԸжǾǳ׵ıѣˣ˭ĺᣬлֻһ뷨ɱ
ˡлڿڽӴڣ̷
ڿһЦ㣬ʲôҸȥ졣
ûʲô£ֻȤҺ⡣лȻó׼һ⣬뿪ˣˣҲÿףֱӰãƾͼƣǽܵͳͳţȥ֪ͨأʼһγʱıչأ֪ͨȥûµĻҪҡ
ҪչأȻ
ţαչʱ£ҡл˵
ڳеҪæ֮ܲܰȥչذ
ˡ
лʲô£ܼģҲƴǵġ
ҵõϢҹɽһҹ񵶣Ƕսʼ񵶣ͬǰȥȡҹ񵶡ڵ
ȥΪβϣȥĻɱҸˡл˵
ڿЦǸлǳôĶڲϵӣ˴˽䱸ţҸǶǱرעģ뿪ׯ԰ȥ̫Զĵط϶ᱻֵģ㲻ͬ㱾ʵôǿ˾ע⵽㣬Ҳ׵ֳģʤļʻ󡣡
ڵķлԸп
֪ıҲʲôȻƻھ˼ǣϸõġ
Ҳãȥһҹɽл˵
лˡڵ
лڰ֣Ҷֵܣȥ׼ɡ
ڱˡ
ıӰлϸһĨ֮ɫһ˼ȻˣǾҪΪ˸ۡ
лһţԭʧֱӽжݱչصڡ
̾ѡ
ôˣлһͬʱЩƣлνġ
л㣬ոҵõϢǽܴҹɽңȫǽĴûᡭ
̸һСʱлȥ
׼ׯ԰ӿ
ǽжжͬжлǰĴԼıԺڡ
ҹʱ֣޵лȻ۾ܳˣ
һţʹŵıԺڣҲͨٱΪģڱԺڡ
űԺһҡ
λڵ´Լһٶĵط
ţս죬ֶƶȴţ洫һɾ˵ƣű볤˳
Ծǰģûʲô仯ֻ۽˪ĺۼ
ܣ
лȰĳڡ
ո߳ҵȻһ𣬻ͷлл
ֵӵһ
˷ֿѾ̫ˣΪܾսıѣʹл֮䣬һ޵ĸңԭǰƵģҲлеһ̣γء
ֵӵһʱ֪˴ѾˣֵԾֵܣԶǺֵܡ
л̫˼˰ɣ֣Ͳˣֶƹһھƣе
лִֶһȭƹôܺȡ
ܺ˼˶׷ŮˡֶƷ۵
ҿǰ׷ŮǿκŮֻҪҡսµһɣǿת䣬רһлĺĵģŮźŵ׷ңҶϵġ
ĸ໥һۣͬʱЦ
յӣϧڣȻִֵֿħˡ
ȻǱϵĿɳΪڶһʦҶˡ
٣Ǽһ춼ڣµĶҼǵ뿪ǰ˵Ҫչʮ꣬ȭĶأһŮˣǡսе
µܸܵսȵ顣
ɡ


2001  
̸ֵȻŨ
ܿǱ㳶ҪյͼѰ飬л㽫ڵ˵˳Ҵͬǰȥҹɽʱ򣬽ǽܵȵ˷ΧˣһĳǾҹɽ̣Ѱɡ
ðҲڴսһءս˷ܵĵ
ֶƲʹɣǵһսòҪμӣɱˣſɾҪعˡ
սŭ˵ʲôսݹ۹Žպİ˭ɱңֻ˴ɱ˵ķݣҿɸ֣ȻɱˣŮҡ
ңɣҪлܣһţ㻹ǿվɡֶƸǶսӡ
˰ʮ꣬һʼûˡ
ŶԴƺҲϰˡ
תл˵ҹɽ֪
ֻ̫֪֮һҹǼ壬˵Ǿפҹɽפ֮ҹǼԶԵĵ̣μκ棬ȴ֮ûԼĵ̣֮⣬Ͼͺˡл˵
ħѼ鱨ɱϾϡ٣֮ʱգ޷˽ҪķԼ׿췲ϣԶڻ֮ûʲô˽⡣
Ҷ֪һ㡣˵
лϲ˵
ŵĳǸĻ˵֪һ㣬ǱȻһ㣬Ӧ൱Ϥǡ
֮ȷѾˣǰǸûе֡˵ǵĹȫԼľӪĵطҹǼΪһļ壬еħʮǰһҹӣ͵ħϵĺ齨ģۣڻܹ֮ŽǰΪǿƣҸҵõ鱨ʾҹǼںܴܿͨ켶֣һˣֻΪħԵʣʼձѹڳ۷弶𣬹ʶûбرע
֮ҹǼܹڻ֮Ѿʼ׼𲽲ʳҪһͳ֮ȡԴδ֮߳磬Ƕŷǳϸļƻֻʥսħսű֣ǵļƻòʱǾˣҹǼҲǵפҹɽĽƣĽأоһǰ㿪ʼչصģδأЩΪҷǧɽصȥ˲鿴ǧɽľֵġ
л˼ȥҹɽǽǽܵҪҶ֣ҹǼĸ֣
ŵͷԺܴ󣡡
ôл
ҹҹǼ֮Ǽܹõ񵶣ȥȡҹ񵶣ȻҪҹǼ巢ͻˡ˵һ㣬ֱչصʱ˸עǧɽҹǼڸ֮󣬾رעҹǼ壬õĽǣҹǼƺǢǲǺǽһǢǲȷǽҪ㣬ȴҪҹɽǾֵûˡ
ǷǽܺҹǼϵб޻
лȥͶ幵ͨһ£ȡҲ˵ĻҹǼμӣҲʲôˡ
ţ⵹ǿУ׼Һͷìܣͷìܸ׼붷һľɴ˿ʼȥԷңһϣҹȥ߽˵
ţʹ㣬һʧлЦ˵巽ģ׼ҺͶԹ˲ϾʣµľʹˣҲҺ˱˽ҹĻᡣ
ؽһ֦㡣
ЦҺڴļ棬˵˼һŮǲ˿ɱȡ
ǵĺȻɺɨġлЦǱҵĶóһʹëеõģ͸ˡ
ŵ۾ʱɵԲ
ʹëɢŨϢսֶƶͣͷë
лʲôëս
źݺݵսһѣʲôëʹʥ𣡡
˵ëŶʹʥ𣡡սѿھҪƳűʹȻϽ졣
˰ˣǹģŮ˵ֵزΪеֶƴЦ
ս췭۵㶮ƨǰⲻˆ¡ӵţʹʥʲôã
ŵʹˣʹʥ𣬱ˣٻָģЧǳľˣʹʹõĻܹʱսҶɹʱڣʲôá
öûУսе
лʼ磬һˣľԵģҲ˷дõġóսħսħϵⶼսħűսħսļսḶ́ſܷۿ
Դϲ
ܹۿսħսսȻǶǺôࡣ
Ǿڣ˿ʼŽС
أأأأ
моսħڣսȥͱͳͳĸϳʱۣлʱ仹Ҫݡ
Ƕģ顣
û˶ߴΣһܳɹսħų⡣
ҪģҲûۿͷսĻ棬ҲųġлЦ˵ԼľǾ̫ܴ
һȻһЩлֱۡ
תŽսħϵڡ
սħ磬սħϵڼصĶ΢һ㣬Ͼû飬նˡ
أأأ
˵ľû룬˱δȳ
ͬʱһɷ֮սħϵͷų

սħϵѡ
Ưǰɢĵħ⣬һɵϢɢΧʹȥĪ⡣
ܿһսս
ŵƺ񣬸սħϿ
ӦսħϿܡлҲͬ۵㡣
һֱʹýģ⵶ϿɣӦ𣿡ս
лЦûʲôӦģⶼ˷ˣʸ𣿡
ŵ԰ֿʹͷߵǱΪл֣貢أɲܱȵġ
ȻźԸ֮ҪܶģҲʱ֪ʥΪαͷСˣΪδɾ;ͷ̫ˣǶǾģӰ޼ɵˣʱ򣬿ɴ̫ˣҲ֪Ӵ֧֣Բ޷ɳʥǵ֮ȴԿԳɳģÿһĥѵġ
쿴ֶƼĵ
Ŀ
ֻսħϵȻһħ⣬䱾·ʧһһʵħ⡣
ˢ
սħϵħһۿյڡ
֮ӱƮñֱһⱬлȴսħϵټ


2002  ҹɽǰ
սħϵ׺ںˣǿյͷų˸еķâ·
ٿȻ۾ҲζͿһڱŵնȥ
꣡
û¡
ѿһ϶ֱмǿ𶯣л˶̾ѡ
һѾܺɨλˣл˵
սɣܵսǶ屶ǵõȫ¶Ϲ屦ڵض˼㣬ܹԽնɱλĸ֣
лЦӦÿԡ
ʰսƵĽе뵱һ˼ħ磬൱һԼأڿġԡȻŤͷƵֶƣġ
ֶƹھƣ۷ɫꡣ
սһֶָƺð죬ŵݣ
˸ŬˣȻĻԺŲϴֻ˯ذˡֶƺٺЦ
УҼұŲôġս
ûһѡ
Լı仯˷ܲѡ
Ŀսħϵ
ʱʱııֱɾǿսħϵĺۼֻܸܵսħϵֲķâ
սħϵʱӱţû˿սûӱƯһ
棬̫ˣս쾪̾ĵ
лҲ̾ѣսħϵΪ׼һ
ʧȥһ۰ȴõһ磬ӴԺʽϵߵĵ·
ʲôûУֶҲЩŵץסӣӶǶϱ۵˰̴ʲôûУսħأ
Цܡ
Ѿģսֶһָ
ллǲǻʲôöûóҸоõһٻҡ
лȻٻ㣿öĿռָڣҪ˵õĺöƺֻһǲ
һͷ
һöơ
лƣͣͿȻһ𣬾ȻлУͼҲѸٵһһӱûڣҲ֮ʧ
壿ž
۾һ£Цսħս壬طγɵһȫµ塣
˻
л˶һ
Ȼսħս壬ζţõ壬ؽﵽͷ۷壬ΪħǰĴڡ
ããܣ㾡ܲһ°ɣճлļͷ뼸߶һ뿪ˡ
ҹɽ֮ڼҲҪһ״̬
սħ磬ʱջȥȻ޷õҲ͸սʰɣսܹջ
һҹ޻
峿Լǰл̣Ȼ뿪׼ׯ԰ֱ֮ǧɽ
ǧɽ׼ׯ԰ǧ֮Զ;зֹ˷֣ԷеٶȲǺܿ죬뿪Ƿ籩֮󣬲żӿٶȵġ
ڼлʱ̿š
ûпǽܣ׺ƵˣﴫϢǣлűԺ˼ʱǽѾڴ뿪ˣǵĿĵȻҹɽˡ
лԼͬеڣ̾һ˵츳ϧߴ·ȻδҲܳһ°ͷġ
ǧɽ֮ӳ
һɽ˵˵Ҳӿ߼ʵģɽߵҲңҲΨһħͻĵطλãǶħشԼİ׵ĸ߶ȣħһϡ
ߵɽһҹǼפҹɽһǧɽ˵ǧɽһ£ǧǻ֮ɽжħŻὫϣûնǧɽɽ
˵쿴ȥĸߣҲǳ¡
ݵط֣ˮ洦ɼҲˣֵڲݵϷţˣš
֣˵ҹɽҹǼפأ˵ҲΪҹ񵶣֮ǲʲôڵϵлţʵ
Цϵҹ񵶾ҹǼ֮ΪҹǼ峤У˵ǧɽڴһصıأսħսűҲ˿ҹǼܹ֮Ѹ𣬳Ϊ֮ǿı֮һΪҵһأǸھҹ񵶣ָҹ񵶶ԿǸǧɽڵرҪĹϵ
رأ
лԺвı㸡ֳĵͼǵͼҲǧɽģѵ˵һɡ
رأǶرزȤлɫǵȻû˿ɫ
Ҳ̫ˣֻҪճɾ;ͷﵽħǰĸ߶ȣǿԵģֻڴһЩܹʵɱ䣬Ҿܵĳһ¾ͷľ硣˵
лЦΪҹɽܹ𣿡
ڱʵһ漴飬ܹҺ˵ġ
ҹ񵶣ҹǼ峤лǹһ˿Ц⣬ҹǼǱ֮һеĳ۷ֲѾͻƳɾͨ켶磬֣ȥмʤ㣿
ԭ㵣ĵİɣ½ң϶ҹǼĶǿֵ߳ġĵ
̬ȣлҲ׷ˡ
ٶԣֱҹɽ
ҹɽֱһǧ׵ĸ߶ȣӴ쳣ɽϴ洢ʮ˶ûκ⡣
ΪҹǼ徭ӪصأҹɽĽƣ˽룬ĸ߼ħ޳ûڻ֮ȽΣյĵط֮һ
𣡡
ɽ£һ춯صХɽϴ
ҹɽħ޷׷׵Ӵܣ
Եһ£ȥȥ˵ֱʡ
˳ҹɽֱɽۡ
лҲţ׸ߵľ룬˵⣬ۿɹ۲׵ķΧһжƿ֮С
Ȼ˶֪ۣȴûһΪܹﵽǧ׵ľ룬Ҫ˵һǧ׵ĸ߶ȣʶڶл۲û̫ķлĺгֳڷе·ߣҽεؼ¼
ͬʱл۷ӵ£ʼ͸ɽڲ㣬ǲǻʲôĸţͿһãһЩأоڱչسߵľ硣
ܿ죬ھ͵ɽۡ
֮ʩչһӣһֳһȺˣоǽܣȥһȺлδˣǵӣӦþҹǼˡ


2003  Ҷ
ҹǼ˶һɫǾ϶ҹǼУʹõҹǵûıױϣҹǼ䶯һʱҹѪһӵԣײС
лЩ˱ȷҹǼˣһĿ¶׹⣬͸һӵѪȡ
֮ǽܵͬ¶Ӧı顣
ҹɽȫлע£ҹɽڵļأʲôܣɽΪһ
л̵ͷ
һЦȻȥȥ֪ͨˣʼ԰Χʽۼܷһˡ
ͬʱл磬սѥָóħȫװ
װףлԸоܵԵħսҲȻûָڣ׸һЩɫսѥٶȷмӳɣ׵յãָԸСͷųȵ׵лڵĳλʮ屶սͷųǴɼļ֮ףһܹӳļ֮ס
οкεȵɡлĵ
ͬʱڹעҹɽ۵
ʱ˿̣Ѿ㱨ˣл쵽顣
㽻Ұ飬Ѿˣҿ뿪˰ɡޱ˵ںл档
ǽЦпװеı㲻Ҫ
ߣõǸǱġĵҲɵ
Ȼˣ߰ɣЩȥǸ޴ıɡǽܴЦ
ҲЦ
˫ȭսҧأ޺޵Ŀһǽܵˣתٵȥ
뿪ǽתҹǼΪ֮ˣϣ㷢ʱˣΪҽ󣬱л
һСѣˡҹǼϴЦ
ٶȷ漫ɫģɲҪߡǽܶ
ϰȻҹɽԲڣҹǼµƣֻҪӣҲܽסġ
Įʱ˵ͷϿ
ģҲӵģҲ֪ôд
лǿӰ˵УɫڣƯڰС
ԭҪߵʱл㲻ٵȺˣʹҹɽڻ򰵵ǰסڣõģֻ𾳽磬Ķ֣ûУ㱻ãŴڵɽۡ
ȫ֮£׾룬˲Ϣ㵽
лͻȻ֣ڣʱֳ˶סˡ
󣿡ҹǼָл˵
ǽɫüѿ˼תѾʼǲԼļƻͱ˼֪ˣѸٵߵĸʹɫ
ǽܵ׺Ƶ˿ٵܲ鿴
ǵӰոʧ˵УԶŭĽգۼ䣬ûϢ
Ȼ׺ƵҪôɱҪôá
жлЦеĵһ֮ڣʼҹɽڵһиˡ˵ſҹǼϣҹǼȻˣҲ׼ɡ
ҹǼ¶֮ɫҲҪ汳
ǽһ˿ЦĵҲҶǶ֣Ȼң뿪˵ء
˵ûҹǼϴЦ̧һȥֵҹǵûֱץлĲȫһлֵģƺּɻʤ
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λʵ൱۷弶ɫ꣬ǹƽԿ֮£лҲûʮİսܣɴ˾ȻĿԴǾѰ·ˡ
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л̵ڰ֮Χζŵϸ˿ѩɫʥףѸٵת֮ϣǽսȫ
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һȭҹǼϵʱевķһУã
Σ֮£ٴ߶Լ˵ĳٶȶǰĿ٣ûʱ䣬ֻɵûκζлıȭײ
䣡
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䣡
ŵڶεıըǱ壬ٵѿȻѣλû£ôɱˡ
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ŭĺУ񽣰һ磬ݺݵشǽܵն
ͬʱʮ˴ҹɽ·ȫǳλϵĶǿߣҲһʱɱҹǼֺǽܵ£Ҳ½½ɱĸ֣һȫΧˡ
ߣ
ǽһŨ׵綷һĨ⣬ȫһ˹ȥ
أ
Ψлٰ󣬲ܹԥѡߡ
ӵĻðĴ֣֪巽ǰֿ϶ڰӣȻǱɱˡ
һȭһ£Ŀеȥ
ͨ켶λأˣѪӿһͨ켶λڻ֮ˣΨͨ켶λֲſȻܵƣǷӳǾǳ۷ˡ
ǽǱƺһһ˿Ѫ
ľҲǺܺá
Ͼȫһܹڻ֮ҲҪһ۵ģΪлѡ˻ȡ
ĿǽһϵеĶлҲò˵ǽܺսǻ۶ܸߣΨһϧԼ
ǽһ˲䣬лǰһȭ
ݣ
ϴŵָҲһ֮ס
£лλҲǷӳ֮״Լһҵ͸ָ׵ļӳ֣ӳɵǿɾ۷弶ֶҪɵˡ
ǽֽһ㡣
ž
Ʋӣֽһ±ǵ֮׵ĹǼ֮ǿͽǽܵͨսʼ񽣸ѺۣǰȻס


2004  ǽܵʵ
лȫһǿǽҲƼأⲢӰԼȴӲǰƸȵȻֹ
лȴı
ڵ潻޷ǽǿ߱лʤȴѰһᣬһɱĻᡣ
ǿֲһ֮󣬻ڻǽܱȻصѹ޷ȫӳԼǾлĻᡣ
̤
лһ̤սѥϹ˸ѩɫĵڽŵ֣лٶȴﵽ˾˵ĵزлʣûɷٶȶǿʱ
̤ʸӰ٣٣սѥӳ֣Ȼǿݡ
ǽҲǸոסΣûٴлѾǰħ׺ݵնȵǽֻܽʹǰ񽣵ֵһ£ײ񽣵ѡ
񽣱Ǽ֮׺Ĳѣλֵܵ͵һǽҲٶȺˡ
УĹٴν١
ɱһ
ǽ¶һĨ֮ɫȫһлһԻǽڷ˵ֿһΣȻͬһƵģˢһһ֮¶ܿٴγȻվڰС
һնա
Ӱ٣Ƿˣлѿڽе
ӰйɱĿ÷ӰʩչӰ٣ܹͷ̤ȻǸϤ
ǽһʩչл϶İ
ˣĿ
ɱ¾ѾҪˡ
׼ҸֺͶǿ֮£Ǹûз֮ҹǼҲʲô֣սܿ㵽β

ǽ֪Ҫ뿪ͱʩչӰ٣ЦȻǶ֪ˣǸҲ޷ǴһŮĺᣬ߱ԣͬʱշҵ
쵰ϾȻ׼ңͶ˷ңŭ
ʶʱ񡣡ǽӵĵҵ֪ģνһʹڷǰҲǶ֡
лĵǽܣȡļ䣬ҵҪʲôֵƳ硣
ǽЦҪңǾÿӰ֮£ûܹסҵȥ·ֻҪ뿪ҪСˣһᰵг֣һһնɱ
𣡡
Ȼһ쳤Х
ء
̼䣬ͿҹɽΧǧ֮ڣӿְ֣г۷弶ɫĸ־֮ࡣ
λǽǷˣȡ䣬׼붷շĻϣ
ɱ
һ˿һ˶ɱ
ӰǵصӵӰ٣ǽܵɫҲ쳣
˶ĸֹҲûжٰա
ˢ
ǽܼٵóٵĴ֮ϣɢɫĹâһɢһɿ磬Χ
ޡӰ񡭡٣
Ĺǽ쳤Х
һŷİ֮£ǿƵǽܻһ⣬ٿȻȥٶ֮죬Ѿﵽ۶׷ĵز
лԴӿǽܵݣδ֡
Ȼ˳սȦ
վΧۣͨۿǽֵܱл뷨һͨǽӰٵİż֮磬ȻԼյģܹӰٵİҲ뵽УٶȷķԾǽ·ߣǰɱ
ļΧǽܣûз֮Īݣ˵ĿΪ㡣
ڱ˵УǽܵٶѾܴﵽĵزֻԼĿһӰ裬Ĺаٷ֮ʮգǻһЩǽܵϣ֪ͣǽܱƴţԼٶȣʹƲϵؼأҲ𽥵ΧȦ
л֮Уǽܵÿһͷųķ߶ɶ¼ˣǷǽܵĶϵģлܹȷǽܵӰٵеĶ
ǽ߷л˲עʱһ뿪ҹɽҲٶȷӵޣ˲Ϣף˸߿վţһá
лѸٵԼͬʱʼ߶Ǹոմõġ޼ɱ
ʹǽʵһ£ǿؼ
Χ׵ķΧڳһ󲻹ɵŤʹ˿ȥ·һ㡣
ָܿ˳̬
л״̬۷壬ǽܵĵ
Լһ֮ǽܵӰĵĳҰڣ˿̷ǳǱȫòˣһζĹעź󷽵׷ɱߣǰܲˣǷǰͳ塣
ʱǽϵһѾûټȻĴ˸ĵķǳء
ǽܳлǰʮ׵ʱȻǰ棬̧ͷȥʱɵˣָл㣬ô
ҵܾˡлĵ
ǽܿлȫװģսŨĲأӲһ뵽лɱҹϵԾеһС
ڵǶ֡
лٶҲ޷ƾٶߵģк׷ɱ߸ϵĻҲȻá
ҵġǽɫҰףǣޱȵĶл·˾޴ľ
лȻߣֻ
ɲǽܾΪлһ˽ģǾǽܣ̶ȡ䣬ϣܹǽܼеӰٰзҵһЩö֪ҵһЩܡ
̤лץסȻһ
ĵ⣬γһ޴Ŀռ䲨·һƬضһ
һĿռ䲨
лǽͬʱʧӰ١
޼ɱ
ٳһսռ䣬ħްǣսռڣлһеס
սռ䲢ǺܴҲʮҵĿռ䣬ǵŻɵš
׵ѩɫʥףǷǼ֮磬Ǽ֮лŵǿȻɵ
лվգƳ죬սռڵһжΪ
ǽܣεսռѹѹȵļҪϢǸл·õ˾˵˵ԭܹӳٷ֮ٵаٷ֮һʮƾһ롣
ɱǽܼٵı任ƣͿദһĨɫĹɢѸٵȫ
ŻǱ˵գۼ˿ڻָĵҲٵĻָţգۼǽָܻ˳ɵ¾߱۷弶


2005  ޼ɱ
ǽָܻлûֻǰ˳ҵѣǾ൱ڳ۷弶ɫǿˣлû޼ɱĻԶ϶Ƕ֣ӵ޼ɱܹ̽޼ɱΡ
лӿսԸӡ
ͬս񸴻һ㣬޼᲻ݵѹսռϢҵĳײš
ɱӦԷǳصĴۻȡʱĻָɣܱʱǳޡлЦеĵ
ǽޱȡ
ɱĿѣӴͨ켶λǰһϣͷ˵ĴлĿޱȡ
㹻նɱ㣬ʣµʱ㹻ˣǽܺ
㻹ءл֪ҿٳսռһֱɱҲյǿĶܶԿĿԼΪ㡣
ǽЦЦˣ֮޵ˡ
ʼ磬лȻ޼ɱܺɨ֣ҲǽˣſܱɵسеģЩδ˵ĳ۷弶ȫԶܿġ
޼ɱףҲ㡣
һ¡лЦеĵ
ǽҲʱ䲻ˣŭһײȥ˫ȭǿٴչֳǿޱȡ
ǽܵ޼ɱֶΣлҲż޼ɱ۵սռȫսħսսռܻģҲʹ޼ɱһǳǳİطʹл׷Ϲ
ȻվлҲʲôһһɿ񱩵ѹγˣǽѹȹȥٶȻʮֹ
ͬʱǷѩɫ磬֮ͼ֮ҲĹϡﻩĺɱȥ
ء
һĴǽܵ˲ʮȭͳͳķ飬δһȭлǰ׵ĵطҪ˵˵
ǽܣҲһȭлЦ
ֻȭ
һȭѸٵĻлȭͷ֮ϣսռ·𶼳һȭ
ǽܿɫ䣬оΣգһ˫ȭͬʱȥսռڣڵģֻӲӲĽС
䣡
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޴籩ϯսռ䣬Щ籩лûκεãʱͻԶҷֿƲ壬ܵκನĳ
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һȭǽܵĲѪ˫ȭޱȣ·Ҫһ
ȻˣлЦսռڣҵһҡ
ǽɫ԰ס
ֻа˳һлȻδռһ˿Ϸ硣
ҪɱңҲѣǽߵ
𣿡л΢΢һЦսռֻҵһĥԼĿռˣҵ޼ɱδأ㽫ǵһ鵽ġ
ǽ̽䱸
лǽܣصޡ䡭ɱ
£սռ̼飬Ʋһ
ԭѾħսռʧлǽȻٶȸֳ
ֵʱ򣬾Ϳл˫չǽأȫٵϸС˿ڣѪֹãѪﲻϵѪĴӸ߿档
лһץסǽܣһĵ֮ϣװ׷ѣһͨˡ
׼ҵ׷ߣ񻹲ټ
׷ɱٶ̫޼ɱʱǿսռ䣬һӣҲһѡ
лŲĶ׼Ҹ׷
ǽܣѸٵڵϣֱû£ֱ̣ս죬ֶƺŵڵĵط
ź̶óȡ䣬Ů㿪ʼȡǽܵļ䣬л·ҹɽ򵥽䣬˸ڣ뿪ˡ
ڶ׼˽ʲôҲûйʡ
лֻһͷǱǽǽܼеӰٸóٶȱȻŷǳİ
ع鼸ڵĵطźо
ôջ񣿡лʵ
̴ջǽܵԺһǳǿķӡͺܸߣ֮ǳˣҺһ£Ҫһµʱſܱ֤ǽܱס£ȡõļ䡣
мɰգл
ʱ㹻ⲻ󡣡ŵĵƽӡѾкܶľ飬ŵϣĺ㡣
ǽ׼ҴϺͷŮѪ˵Զ׼ǶܹŽǰʮģǵĶӾзԣͬʱҵĶ϶ҲôǽܵļȻ˲֪ء
յܣܹһ׼ͨ켶񽣼ֵˣӰ٣Ǿֵڴ˶һʱ䣬ҹǼȥȻҹǼ϶ǰѲӵģʱǰȥǧɽЩҪ鷳ˣõǽܵļ䡣
лľһͬ
Ǿڵĵطлһ˵Ǳǧ׵ĵطٳ߸аƽ׵Ŀռ䡣
ŮǽоҪһռ䣬˶ڵ˷ʱ䡣
ԼĿռڣлûȫȫȫģ鿴ܵľ
ڵһж鷶Χڡ
оͰҹɽϾ̫ңԶ׼ҺͶҹǼЩ˵Ķһ£ҹǼ壬ʱԶ֣ǵҪĿ껹Ƿңڷ˵ҹǼԣǾǿп޵ġ
һĹл㿴ҹǼֿʼڸû˵ǧɽʼ
ڵǱޣҲ赣ı֡
лζǽһսḶ́ʹá޼ɱʱٶȼȵս⡣
޼ɱ򵥵˵Ǵһлսռ䣬ĥĶḻս飬ɱͿռʱռ䣬ϵشǿǽҲش
սռ䣿ǷΪռʹأлţ޼ɱγһĿռ䣬ڵħ磬ʱ˹޷ġ
ҪʲôռƮŽɫ׵磬ѩɫ׵磬֮磬֮ͼתУʹĵħ˾̾лֹϧҵĿռյĻޣܹһЩԽ֮ͿԳΪħ֮ˡ
ڴڴڻҪͰĽС
лóػʥҶ
ػʥľעҶ֮ڣƬҶͳɫɢϢлһľ̾ɢ˵ľԵĵħ
һҶʹٶȳԽ龧ʯһߣټսռĵӣлóƷ龧ʯصӣŨĵħﵽһĵزл㿪ʼ


2006  ʵ
ԼǵĹٶȱﵽ۷壬ΪлʵħٶҲõһĵħȷǷǳģֻһĹлеԼսһ˿ɳôţһ£ؽųĽ
սռĪ⣬
˶棬һŲ֪ǿռǳĸҲԲ֪̺ŷǳʱ壬Ǿ߱壬Ҷкопܲлڵλá
лǿԿһеġ
Ȼˣĵطǣлսռʱ䲻һµģһӣŹȥһʱ䣬Ҳ˵һµʱ䣬սռѾȹһʱ䡣
ʲô
Ҳ˵лһ£ڱһꣻռṩĵħǱ˵ʮôԼǣлһµڱʮ꣬Ҫŵĸʮٶȡ
һʮ꣬ôлܹ磬ﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣͷ磬Ƕһ
лԴȻܲѡ
ΨһźľǣԼ˽ⶼ̣ȻĻǿԽս죬ֶУˣսռҲֲãԼĻ赣ʹսռģʶսռֻܶá
գۼȥˡ
лҲԸĽӺɫתΪɫҲ൱Ҳʶһζޣ˿µռԾ޷ڳܹгٶȣȻˣٶҲǾ޽еˡ
ݵлȥ
ֻ۹۲£Ȼ֣̺žȻͻԵĽչҵƽǽܼӡİ취
ûбҪȥˡ
οȥͻƣʵǰ볤λ֮ںɫ׶α൱ĽͻƱͲ̫Զѣ´Ҫɫ꣬ûôˡ
ҲΪʲô˳֮ڶʮ߰ﵽĳλɫ꣬Ҫﵽ۷ɫ꣬ҲҪðΪλģҲħ֮ڱ̬лЩɣħܿʱ巽ŷǷĳɾͣſô̵ʱػ۷ģȻĻֻĳһ˲ܹһ˶̵ʱﵽͷģʶħҪôӵʱıҪôԼзǳµʱ塣
νһЩĶʮ𾳽磬ĸĸǳλλ磬Ǹ඼ǧ֮õģΪģֻҪսͨ켶Ǹע˲սʶ֮Уǵ˳֮󣬻ͨ쾳֮󣬲ŻŮġ
սռ䣬лǸռ߳
˶Ѿۼ̺ڵǸռڡ
ɫꣿͻƣž
˾¶Ȼ֮ɫ
лʼ磬ѣҪС֡
Ź֣ҵս췭۵ãлҼѾһˣϰˡ
ħµ¼עҪˡ˵
лν¼Ȥֻһͷ磬ճɾ;ͷ֮𣬲ıһ
ӡˣлʵ
źһЦΪôҲҪһµʱ䣬û뵽ޱĽԼƽӡĵ˵ȻоһȫµĽӡİ취ǽܵļӡǰͷµģҲܹƽˡ
л˴ϲ
Ƕڴȡǽܵļ䡣
ź̸ʳָһǽܵüĴ
ˢ
űѩɫȶţһɫĹǸָڣһɫĹ㡣

̵üļ両ʥ֮Դͼʮʥͼֵķһ˻𣬻ʮ貵Ĺ㣬һҲת̵Ǹָڣͬ۳һССĹ㡣
һ
ͬռڱ㸡С㣬·ţƺЦȾл˵ľõ顣
еĹۼ˵ָ⣬̺һЦǵָһ̾һŶĿĹâָɢȻ󹹳һĹȦϵ͸ǽܵڡ
ʱһĹȥ
ǹâԽԽ˵¶һĨЦ⣬ŵ΢Ц
ž
춯
ǽܵ΢΢һͿһ֮󣬱ָž
ӡƽ⣡
̺ȡǽܵļ䡣
֪ǽܹļ䡣սڴĵ
ҹƻǴһĶ˵
̧ͷѾȡǽȫļ䣬ҪһЩϾǿһЩȷǺ˳ԾĻǽܵļ侭ȷϣδйĶǼġ
ʱҲȡ˼䣬ͬ¶֮ɫÿµķңȻǿزʹǿֹһ㡣
˵ɣʲôջ񡣡л
̵˵ɣȽǽյӰдĶ
㰲ŵҲ˷ʱ䡣
һ˼·ǽ׼ҴϺͷŮѪһûдû뵽ǣ׼Ҵ϶ʼնͨ켶λɫľ磬ʵѾڷŮİ֮£ǰѾǰͷˣֻǲɾͰͷ㱻ϵȨŹصλŮҲǽܵĸףǾͷ
ͷ
սֶͬʱ
𰸣лҲЩ𾪣е̫⣬ĿޣûµľͷǸܣֻǸģһл۹
֮Сл
˵ǽֻ֪ͷʮǰ˼ʱ򣬷ұŵȥ˼һżǵȷˣҵżʮľͷǺз治ϧۣ۳壬ɳɾ;ͷ֮ԷǷľͷֵȶǽܵļʾԼжϣҿ϶ľͷҾԲֹˡ
ܹ֮ΪģǾܹΪͷ
ֻҪܹõϿɣɴﵽͷģοʮ꣬ͷƺ̫⡣
˹Ŀ࿴ˡлҲʶҵĿˣѹַҸҺͶ壬׼ͬʱѣ׼ԵٷפأͷˣȡԴǶ£Ϊ㹻ʱûн׼ҷʲôõļ䡣


2007  
Ҳ˶䡣
ҾͷıϾֻǲ²⣬׼ȷʺܸߣҲ޷ȷڵҲû̫ıҪľͷֻҪҲ¶ǾͲ׶õģлɣҾͷ¶ǿҪʥ֮ĵʱΪʥ֮ĲоͷĿꡣ
˵˵׼Ҵߵļɡһ˼·˵׼Ҵڼһϵ氲ʮߣѾγʮʣߣδһϵڳǽܶ˵ҲΨдϲ֪˵ʲôˡ
Σ׼ҴһϵնɱͷͷͷǽܵĸףŮģսڰͷƽƽɶ׼ҴȴĹϴϱҲǰͷ˵һϵ൱ս
׼ҴһϵлʼеСǣϹʥһֻ̤ͷ磬㹻ԷģսʣͻƣϱеİͷҲ⡣
ΨһҪСĵνߡ
γпܱ¶˼ݣǴѽ޷ġ
л
ŵ׼Ҵöǽǰ֮ĿĵģǵĿ겻ʥһʯ˵ħģʯڻ֮ǧɽڣﻹħʮٵʯʯ׼ҴϸǽܣֻҪȻͻʶҪеʯռȥˣ׼Ҵ
ֽ׼ҵһЩ˵һ飬Ҳϸ˵׼ҴϿƵͷ֮أʹõıȵȡ
Щ׼ҴһֵһЩҪıأԼջȵȣݷǳӡ
лҲһһμǡ
֪Լһջ׼ҵģʱЩϱ㶼óǴô
ϸ˵һ·ҵɡл˵
ңһϵļ壬ܿԺԵǿĵˣʶѯʵĸӵϸ
Ҳ֪޲ԣ޲
ͷƲ⣬ͷܵԼмͻƣǼλڳͷ磬𾳽ıĸǣǽյĶŸ˵˳
˵ڻ֮ҲԤϵҪǿǵҲԸǴ鷳׼ҺͶȻֶԷҽгشħʹ棬ҿǸӣǲĴͷʶǰȥиͷǱ롣
ʮͷóŴͷĶûǾȻǲʮͷǰȥǷĿ϶аͷǰ˵ͷ뿪磬ȥ̽żϣܹͷ磬ħɽģٺ٣˹Ŀ࿴л°ͣ˸źâбҪҵ򵥵Ĵ巽ˣ˶Żɵңò׼֡
һὫҵҲʹһЩ˵ģʹխĸԣ϶ǿģʱ֮£ǿҲԿ⣬ο巽棬Ҳӷ׳Զǵġ˵
лƵƵͷҪһˡ
ЦʵҪ̫ĵƣֻҪϢ͸¶ȥţĴľͷǿ϶׵ģʱҾڽˡ
Ҫżѵ
ܵ˼ǣл
㲻˵żıһ˷𣿼ȻйȻͳһżڵ⼸䣬һЩǿľͷƺҲʲô¡
ž
лһ֣̾⣡
ŵҲ׷ͬ
ҪƣǾѾ˼Ǿڽ͸¶׼ң壬ʹʱ򣬻Ҫ褴йżơ
Ĳ˵һ褣㹻Ĵ־еģټϼһյ̣һżڵǾܹ綼ҪµģĴĽƻǿ϶ȷȥżƴġ
˿νһٶá
ܲ˵ѣһ˵иԴ˼ƿУܷǷĴйż˵һݺӵǶȡʥ֮ĪУǿ϶Եġл
˵Ц䣬ȼİ취
ʣµֻҪʵбˣΣҪȥ˷ʱĿǡ
ʱҲǽܼеļرǿĶдеӰٽл߼ֱֶ͸ս죬ֶƺҲЩģںսħϵ֮󣬼ҪȫµĶ
̵ֺżֵƮݡ
лĶ˼Ӱٵط㷢еİڣмƣ̤Ҳ֮ǲͬġ
ӰٿԺͷںϡлĶ˼飬˾ϡ
лᣬһҪӰٺͷںϣΪٵؿɳɾһ١
һ£һ죬ոõĶȻϾѾԤƵǰ˶ʮ졣
صԼĿռڣлٶȿսռ䡣
У֮£ֻʣ¼֮磬κζӰٵİ
ԲͬлȫգҲѽӰٷӵޣⷽӰٺͷокܴĲˡ
޷ȫӣʩչһǿԵġ
ԺзӹӰٵݣĶлζȫսţλãȻɴ˷Ĺɣֱ֫Ӱĵطǿ˫ٶȣҪֱ۵ҡΣ̶ͬȵֱϣܹٶȽв̶ͬȵĸı䡣
ˢ
лһΣʮףսռľͷ
սռӰ١
һʱ䣬лѾˣڼŵļ֮磬Ҳܽٶȷӵ൱˵ĵزֻȣΪƣ൱Ĳ࣬⵹лҪĵ⣬ҪǣܵӰ٣ԺԴҸҲблԵںӰٺͷУǰǶϤС
磬Ǳۼ³лȷһ棬ҲʤţֻһĹͽõĶгɣܹӳ൱ǿһЩ̣սֶ޼ҲԸԵĶһ
ǽҲĨɱʬջ٣µĹǻ¿ռڣԴǽˡ
ǻعرóͼյͼбʶķǰȥѰʥ֮һ塣


2008  ޷
ڵͼָ£һ·شԼһ׵ĸ߶ȷУͬʱлʱ̹۲ţעΧ
˲ûлۼһ𣬶Ǳ˴˷ֿżʮ׵ľ룬ֻҪлȷԲûˣڷУϵϤȫµĶսħϵҪ뷢ӳǿҪϵԼ
ÿһ˶ûš
ǵľͷҲлʥǵδܹ磬ӦĽıһϯ֮أĽڽ¡
żڵ֣Ƿ褴ڵĿԷǳ֮лѾżһԴˣǵ֮ǿڻδ֪褴ڣйʱ䣬ͺܿʱʱڣôİʱ䣬褱˵ѾﵽһʲôĲ˼߶ȣ֮£һЩͷûκģЩͷп¶һЩܹͷ˹п˲µģǸոսͷЩܱġ
л˼ת֮ʱѹ£עʥսħսűᡣ
֮ڵľƣѾǳĻңҹǼĳ֣ЩνĲֵĻ֮ƱؽȫӰ߳лҹⱭֿ֮½ҪҹⱭʱﵽһ߳
֮ǰΪλ磡л뵽ľʯ棬׿췲˵ʱԼʵѷɫܶ࣬;Ҫ磬ȻĻʱһ֣ؽ޹ˡ
ʵĲ࣬ȲҪԼľ硣
ţԺҲֳһЩͷ
˵ʱսռϾбҪѰ飬Ͳĵ顣
ܷѰУһĶأ
һһ滹ܱС
ǲĻлǿһĶãھЩ鷳ˣţ̷һͺ
ˣ
лͬʱһǷ׷׷һСɽ֮ۡ
Ŀƣֻڽǧ׵ĵطʮ˵Цϱ߷ȥգۼ㱻ɽ͸ڵ
л㲻˲鿴Χɡսʵ
Ҳơ
֮£׵ķΧǧףлȻûǰ֡
лɫΪֹҵۻδǵӰǽ̸
ôᣡ
ܰɣۿǣ۶ܿˡ
˶ܾȡ
л̶һۣҵڶξ۶ʧȥЧˡ
ڶΣһʲôʱʲôģ
׿췲л
˵ͷһ׿췲żݾѾǳУ飬˶ע⡣
л˵ŵʱ׿췲ͻأĳ֣ҵоδ˵ȥܵʱţҲûر⣬ɺս洦׿췲ǧ׷ΧڣҲŷģǰһǧ׿⣬۶޷׽벻ﾹȻðʮ˿ҵ۶ûô
ǻҲżأ
Ժܴ󡣡лЩʧĵطȥǷżˣҶҪŪΪο԰ҵѰ
ۼл۾ܹİȫ𵽷ǳãڻ֮õģû뵽ȻӶۣܴܲɻҪҳԭ
һжɣǧɽҹǼǿ˾䣬ֿǴҲõġ
˵תʵǵУл뿪˸λֶԸãҹǼĳ۷ֶء
лԴȻᷴԡ
ʵ˵һ˶ģֻٶȷпѡ
ս죬ֶƣ̣ҲǵԶĬĬվл
һ֣һƬˣлû£Ѹٵʮ뿪ķ׷ϹȥлҲģһ˼ĹעʮˣܷǸӳճ
лڿʮ˵ʱۿĶͨѾˣۣĶܹͨǷеӰҲδӦ˵Ҳ޷Ҳĸˡ
ž𽥿лۿʼϵز鿴Χ
ǧ׵ʱԾûκγֳ
һǧ׵ʱ򣬻ˡ
һǧ׵ʱֵģлƺһЩģӰر̸Ҳɢ
ֱ˰ҵʱһвŻָ̬
Щ˵ģͳͳıл׽۵Ĺ۲ˣٶԶ룬Ͼͱúܲ޷ˡ
˰ף
ǵ΢ϢϢﵽһٽ㣬ƽ״̬ģӦöżˡӦ˰׵ʱ򣬱жϡ
лȷ֮żе
׿췲˵ΨһǰǼٵģǵӣսħսűûѰңҲȥڵسûӦĿĲǡ˵żǵĽˣħٻع飬֪ʱֽﵽһĶ塣
ħع飬֣˾עκһʱ޷ˣؼǣǴʲô߻ǷҲйʲôΪܹȥֹ˵
ǽ̸УǰеЩżĸȻͣ
ۼһȥֻСɽµĵطۼһ˵ЦȻҲ˷ŷ鿴ܵΡ
лǴԼ׵ĵطͣ
Ҳ̸ֹͣ
Ҫżĸϵģ֮ܲһսϾ׿췲սħսűڱصõģбУעӵһսԶҪǰŪżֵһЩص㡣
ϢϢͬʱǵϴݳȻЩ˿ֻҪһЩ룬ܹᵽġ
лҲڲ鿴ǵɫ
ҪЩ˵ҳΪʲô޷۲⵽ԭ
꣬жɹǾʣһ黹δռȫˣ˵ҪҪͬ׿Ѱսħսűء
ߣѵĶ
ȻûУֻǾá
֪׿췲ϵܺãҲҪǣǴн֮жеҲ֪ģ磬ħĸֶԴ˺֪飬ȥ׿췲жû᲻б¶Ŀܣ֪һ¶ʲôĺ𣿡
ˣ㲻׿ּˡ
ͨ۲⣬Щ˵ʵǿģǳ۷弶ɫǿߣʵԣ׿췲ѷɫһ㣬ִеƺ׿췲ҪҪĶ࣬˸㲻ˣΪβǲĸǰ
лֹѣ۲졣
ж֮Ϸһüôûȥش˵أҶ
˵Ϸȥ
л״עϷ׵ķΧͿҹǼĸ
ѵҹǼżʲôϵ
ʱдߵĿŶԶȥıӰĵǴ˴̫Ҫ浣Ķ׿ĸֿע⣬ִ񣬻ȡ׿ֵĵλǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
Ϻαһʶ񣬴ϵĹҲһָģʱ򣬿϶н͵ģɲҪЩֵܰһµ˵
ֵǡЦ
г
ҲûʲôʵʵĶлͽעǸԶȥĶ꣬ȻҹǼĸˡ


2009  
ھ볬˰ףл۾޷żĸ֣Ե֮оͳֳһĻ棬ҹǼĸ̸ʲô
֪ԭл϶ΪҹǼ񾭲
Ǳٵķء
һ¾ۼһ
ϱԼʱ˰СʱЦ˵
ΪϵҹǼʵǿģߣͬľ硣
˵飬׼ҺͶ巽ȥˣе鶼ҪѲڼص磬ȻҶλжˡҹǼ˵
ҹɽ飬ǻŲţü
ҹǼϿЦֹţƺѰлʱرҹǼ壬ڻ֮ѾָˣжҪСĲС
һߵٸ˼հɣòãؽʸϯ磬ħ綼Ϊǵ¡
ַģӦǣһмְյġŵĵҹǼż֧£ô꣬вʳеʣµУѾһʾͶֻʣлڿߣȵҹⱭǶ֣ҹⱭעǸġ
ϹȻ֮֮󣬾ͽƿ֮ˡ߹Ц
ǵĽ̸лЦѡ
ҹǼȻżֵ֧ģѹ˵ǿȻƿ˻֮ı
вҹⱭֻǹƽʱ򣬶෽ᣬ֮£һҲˡ
лں
һ֮ûʲôΣա
ЩǣҹǼ˵Ǿ仰ҹǼż֧ڻ֮ġ
л֪ҹǼڻ֮ǿƺʱˣĻ˵żǰѾʼжǵʱܵƣ޷жǿ̤㣬Ҳһиܹż߳ˣô꣬˭ұ֤֮ûżƵأ
ЩҪôҹǼ壬ֻһһֿܾ͸֮У統˼͸
żĿƺ𲽵ֳ
лֹʱҪħ彫Ѽ鱨Ķ󣬷żС
̸УߣҹǼϵ˱ٶ̡
лҲ˰иš
ʼձڰ˰׷Χڣܹżĸ֣Ҳǽ̸ݡ
̸еޱ߼ʣġ
ǰн˴Լʮ֮󣬽ǧɽλãɽԵĸߣľӵķï滨洦ɼдĸ߼ħ޳ûżܹһֻħޣڿߵʵֲ֮֮ˣһ·Ҳûʲô鷳
λεҪʲôôҪǧɽ֮أɲܽĵطҹǼ˵
ʹ߻һۡ
ߵҲ֪ħµĽ֮һɴ˷ҹغżδԲʲôطҪһģҲõģ֮ǰϸһ£˵ħµĽӦѾƻĲˣֻҪǲһģսᴥЩĽƵģܷıǡ
Ȼ˵ģȻû˵ҹǼ˵ֻǶλɷ񽫴еĿĸ֪ңҲ
档Ц
ҹǼϵҪҪʹ
һЦߵҪвĽƣܲйǲҪĺãЩƣС£Ĵ£ǾͲˣ˵⸽Ҳûʲô˺ħޣ԰ɣ֡
߲ôԸĶ국ȻԲǧûκħޣһ㣬Ǿܷġ
Ŷ֪ҹǼȻ
ΪУصشһĶΪҵľ磬ǧ׷ΧڵһжҵĹ۲졣겻޵ĵ
ҹǼĴָ˲
ЦЦû˵ʲô
лͷȻ
ۿߣˣǧңٽһĻͿܱˡ
ֻлһˣҲ£߻սˣͻǳı
ȣ
һɨ˶һۣ˫ĿһĨЦɫޱ仯ĵǴǷ֮ʧڻ֮߾ռ
߾ǣʲôҹǼʵ
лҲǴδ˵
ǣէһΪػʥ֮Ҷء
߽͵νǣеЩʥҶǵĸڣҲһĸԴħܹΪһ磬Ķ׵ţһΰȹ̵ħƽ⣬Ϊħ籾Դ֮о߾ǣάһƽĸԴʲôãҲ˷ڻ֮Ѿռ߾ǣͳͳȥˣ߾ѼģֻҪһ߾ռɣǽ̶ͨʮʸ񡣡
ɽ̶ͨʮꣿҹǼϳԾĽе
ͬǰҹǼҲŵĿߺͶˡ
гɹҲд͵ģҲӦн̶ͨĻġЦ
꣬ҿɲһĻᣬͺˡҹǼ˵ȻʲôߣʩԺλչˣҹǼȻλȫԸǡ
ʱȻûߣƽƽ̬ȣǱֳ˹̬̬˾޴ı仯
̫ˣ˵̶ͨʮ꣬ղɾͷҲǰͷδܹﵽǰزǴﵽˣҲҴߵѡЦ
ֳһ°̬
̶ͨʮɾͷҲǰͷ
ɣ
лǿһɵģˣǴżҲмˣ֮ľͷڣ
ΨһĿܣֻһƹ˵ˣãԲܰɾͰͷģϾͨ켶֮󣬾Ҫ˶ĸҲл̫֮սĥѣʱҪһأ˼ܲģżԼƿţսѾģ̶ͨǿܼһЩս¼Ķ˼ӵȥ򣬴ͻƵĻᡣ
߾лĸ߶ȹע
ż˹עȻŷǳҪãԱҪҲҪ߾ǵôһ¡


2010  Ƿ
ҹǼǸܶþӪ˼ʹϵȻ̬ȱ仯ôߺͶ궼ܵģһЩ֮óһЩͣܿ˾Ͷӵˣ˹ϵƺ׽ˡ
Ǹùϵἰ߾ǣлƱèץһżɶԷҲܳȡġ
һ۷弶ɫĻлһİջܣֻҪܹ޼ɱʤ㻹ǺܴģһЩλĸ֣ʣûжʤ㡣
żɲɵϣҪѰҪĶǲע⣬Ҳɳ۷弶ɫĸֳɣûˣΨһĽ;ǣǵҪôзǳµħ޴ڣһҪôֶΣ൱۷徳ɫǿߣԶԣлǰߡ
һǿȻǲܵġ
ֻѰһʵ
ϣҼǵǲħط˵ЦУ߿ܵĵƣͣѯʵ
Ҳý۲ʱ˸⣬˫ض鿴ܵΡ
̬ȣл֪ܽӽĿĵˡ
лҲסʾС¡
λҹǼǴҹܻģҹѪȻϡˣֻҪΪﵽ磬ͨһЩطԽҹ츳м򻯵֡ҹǼŵĵҹֻܴ꣬Ҫħޣһֻ꣬ҪǺڣҾܹҳ
ãָĴطһӦ߾ǵĴڣҲǺֻ֪һ߾һͷǧħǵϣǺӦþ˵
ҹǼҹƤ£ǧħǣ
ߵͷѰһǧħǵĹǺȻٸ㡣
áҹܵͷͬ⡣
ҹ츳Ǿҹһַǳ츳˵һʩչܹ÷Բǧڵħǹϵǿ츳֮һҲ츳̫̬ŵµҹ塣
ҹǼ̳ҹһѪͨطܻҹѾûпħ޵߱ѰһħйصĶ
лﰵֹӣżҹǼ壬Ŀľεжɡ
ҹָܵ£ͬһǰҹǼҲǰԾ
˲ܿ˵϶һħǵĹӰڵѪҺͬˮ
ѪħǶҹܱȵ
̱㿴ҹǼĸϵħӰȻһĨѪɫ׷Х
ħӰǵڷɶ
ˢˢˢ
ħǵӰڸ߿һѸٵһ׳̣ͨѪɫħӰ
ҹܿٵһָ
Ǿ޴ħӰ㷢Хֱӳ棬ʧҹҲȻˣҹǼſʼѰǧħǵĹǺ
򻯵ҹ츳ںϵĻսЧҪѰħǹǺǾɢֻҪڹĵطѰġҹܶԴ˵Ҳֳ㹻ġ
ߺͶ˶ٻһ㵣ĵġ
ϣǧħǿʱ֮ʱİͷħޣǵʱϣɾ;ͷħޣҵţʱ٣ӰѾǾͷˣô꣬ǺɥǰʵҲӦÿҳģ԰ɡߵֳ൱Ľš
־ܷģһоԵİգǧħǿħбɷҪĴڣܹͷ۷ĳħޣţɳȥԺҲδؼʮİջɡҹ˵
⻰ߺͶķС
ǵĿУżǾǶһ޶޵е
ܵ˵̬ȱ仯ҹܰ˵ˣϽ͵λҪᣬǧħǱϾ¹˵ħޣ˵ʱֹһλǧħǣɨһоͷҲǵʱһ˷褽ܹ߾ͷ֮ƽֶѣҲԣδǧħǵĶ֣ҲŻᡭ
ˣ㲻˵ˣⲻ㣬Ͼ㲢֪ݡ˵
ݵ΢ȷ֪ҹ˵
Ҳ޷֪ݵģҲô˰ɣȻûжҲż׼ģԺҲҪע⣬Ϊһ˷褣
Ƿ褣
л̾һԭв²⣬ٻδȷһܲǷ褣֪Ƿ褣黹Щ⡣
һ˷褻ˡ
褺ˣ
򵥵˵м¼ģʱڣǰʱģռȫƬܹ֮һЩݣɸݼرʱڱΪǰ޹ˣҲ˵ڷ֮ǰʱûһ˴ﵽ褵ĸ߶ȣǺˣֱڣҲֻħܴﵽ˷褵ľ硣
ʶ褲˵һˣӦʷһ˲ŶԣܵС
оǣȻ褴߻ˣħأ
ħѷɫ褣ҲǹϵģȻҲ߻ġ
ôʱǰʱڣǷҲ˴ﵽ־磬νУٴ߻أ
Խ룬лԽǾãʱһըʱڣֲֿľͷܳ֡
͸Ӵ̼лҪճɾ;ͷЩ˵ķﶷһ˭ǿ
뵽лӿǿҵս⡣
ԸҲעδƽˡ
żǷ褣ҹܳɵˣվӲŻˡ
ı֣ߺͶ궼⡣
ǵõϢʱҲɵˣš
棬桭ҹܼĵ
Ц輤ֻҪǵãģȻһͳĴ󹦳
ҹ˷ܵصͷţһܹɹģ˭Ҳ޷赲ǰĲҹǼҲؽ磬ǧͷҹǼĸһۣȥǣһҪҳǧħǵĹǺ
ڰ֣ʱҪǧħǱȽ⣬ҪҳĹǺӦòǺѣ㻹صעһ⸽ǷһЩħǰɣǵı˵صĲƣǶǾͺܲˡ
ǰѰʱ򣬾һħǻ׿⣬ûвҹ˵ˣʱʱڣһֻǧħǣûһЩأ
ǧħǣǿǳɳܹﵽǰͷ徳ĳħޣҼܵеĴڣֻҪ˵ûκμصġ
˵ħӦǸлǧħǣԼΪۣµħҲʱһ𱻴ݻˡ
ô¡ҹܾȵ
лҲ˶䣬Щ˵µˣ̸ĺܿ漰ʱࡣ


2011  ʱ
ʱ࣬Ϊͨ켶ʧȥ飬Ψװ֮ı˼磬͵ħĶڲûʧȥ飬һилõϢֻؽԭ򣬿ɾֻؽģΪôһδ֪ˡ
ǧħǵȻǵħ統δһ𱻻ĸԭ򣬺Ȼľ뵽ʱࡣ
Ϊʱʱڣйķ褣ϣҲΨ֪ģƺҲûбҪżڵĸҲģʶ֪ĿԺܴ
˵ɡ˵֣㻹ǴΧʹط鿴ΧǷħ޳û÷⡣
ͷд⣬ΪȫС
ǶƯʼڷԲǧ׵ķΧжϵʩչطΧ
֮˶ѡҲΪѰǧħǹǺ޷ͨõģѾѰǧħǹǺˣٹĶûʲôһĿܴƵģϾǽƵĴ˭Ҳ֪ʲôԼġ
ҲǸˡ
лҲðһ¡
ͷֶ֣κǶԵȴͬһ۶ܵ൱ƣƸ󣬼ֶ֮Զû£Եòܴˡ
ʱ֮ԻΪֻؽ˷µĳԽͷİ취һҪԽͷﵽǴ˵ϵľ磬Ӵ˳ΪеľͷҪǸ׳ƳԷ˻ʱжΨлʱȡǸʱÿһıԴͨµͨطѼδŵر񱦣ʥ۳һͻƾͷ磬ﵽδ˴ﵽȴݳľ磬һԺ磬ɾͲഫ棬㲻ס˵
ΪĿ꣬ǻʱʱĩڣرԻͣҲûз֮ɡҹܵ
Ҳ˵⡣
лҲ벻ͨҪ֪ʱĩڿǴڴĸ֣ǵʱսħս䣬ҲŲǿͷڵġ
Ҫ˵ֻؽˡ˵νֻؽ磬˵ˣ崴һҪ֤ϵλܹΪ֮ϵĴڣľٶħԣֻֽµѪŴ崴ֻؽȻûΪ֮ϵĴڣɻǳɹųˣֻ˼δƿ֮Уνֻؽƿʱ˵򵥵˵ÿһ綼бԴ֮߸߾ǳΪһģÿһ綼һ߾ǱֻؽţǱͨ߾ǵֻؽµֻ֮һʱ
żΪǡôйϧɥΣգǵȱǣڵżҲΪ˳˯꣬ħ֮δΪǰħǸ߾ǵֻؽͷǧħײ֮ͬھȴʹǵħ߾Ƿѳһ֧ŵħ磬һػǧħǹǺǰǵ񡣡
ҹЩ㱡
ħȻ㱻ٵ֪
ǧħǿǵħӢˣֻǺ֣߾ΪλΪһȴҪǧħǹǺǰ
ûɹɡҹܵ
Ȼûɹ߿϶ĴżǾͱһٶıԴûбǵõħȻǵļƻɹ൱ľ룬ٴʩչֶΣ㽫˼磬͵ħݻ٣ȡ㹻ıԴվǱԶʥ֪ˣΪԶʥϧԼ屻뿪˼磬ɱֻؽ磬ĥѣڽֻؽݻ٣׽ΣգõҹⱭħʯνʥʵϾֻؽǿߵ걾ԴҪ걾Դݻ٣̶׷ǣֻϧȻǿߵ걾Դ޿ɻᣬȴԶʥʻع˼⵽ŸߵĻᡣ
ҹܵǿᱻԶʥʻأѵԶʥҲﵽǰĳ硣
ߵûУǿߴݻʱ޷ݵģǳ˯궼δָܹǵԶʥʻɱֻһ걾ԴӦԶʥʳǻδָʱֵģƲ⣬Ӧʵ
ʧȥҲֻԭ򣿡ҹʵ
ûֻ֮оͷֿ֮Ա߽⣬ֻ֮ԭֻ꣬Ҳ˲ŻкܶľͷǺǱ׵Ĩġ˵
л̾һֻ֮Ȼ˿£ôżյ֮òǴֻܻ֮һȫµɣ
˵ĻżڣǷҲۼֻ֮أϾҲҪΪͷ֮ϵĴڵġ
żһ޴
ϰֻؽ統ͷôĿǻˡ
Զͨͷ˵ʱйǲģҹʵ
ţ£֪ģʵ
ҹܵҲе֪ģҲֻǱ˵Ļɡ
߳沢δ֪ͣҲޣֻ˵ԶͨͷʥӦһĹ
ʥйأǲǺֻؽ統ǿйأҹܾȵĵʱǻԶͨͷֻ֣ؽһƺЩ
ûйҲȥǣμȻǶʥɲ֣ȻԭģҲҪȥڹעˡ˵
ҹܵͷǡ
ʱѰڼ
ǧħǹǺ֮أҲѰҵģȻĻͱ˷ˡ
лĬ޼ɱ˶սռڣκ˶ֵܷǵĴڡ
Ľ̸һֲϸ˵һ飬˵ʲô
ŵĿɿڴ
ʱĻˣʥҲ֪ˣȴоѹ
ҿż֮˼Ȼ֮ôǵĿĿ϶ֻ֮褴йȻԳΪͷ֮ϲģ϶ִǰ취ģӶΪͷ֮ϴڵġ˵
ŵͷҲôΪ
̣սֶҲʾ֧۵㡣
ֻ֮֮˵ûһ뷨ܡ
ϸһ£褿뷨Ӧͷˡл˵
ܣˣôܷ
лЦΪһΪԽͷ֮ϵĴڣ
ͬʱһ𣬵ʲô
лĵʥ֮ģ


2012  ˾
˵ԭ֪ʥ֮ĵǸʲôģôлѾȷʥ֮ľǰͷɾ;ͷ֮ϴڵģԲŻеľͷ˵ķ
뵱Զʥʵδʥ֮ģ뿪˼磬ǰȥֻؽʱ򣬴ģȻֻؽһıԴ
Զʥǰȥֻؽ֮ǰߣռʮ֮ãǸʲôȻΪʥ֮ĵ۴
ȻԶʥʴʥ֮ľгͷ֮ϵĴڣΪʲôûգŷʵ
Ҳ⡣л˵ǷûУͷΪһҪ˴˷ӡԷ֮ãѵǾͲڼʥ֮ĳ𣿡
һ˼ʥ֮ĵĳҪʱģڰ֮ʱܹĳͣԶʥʾ۳ʥ֮ģҲҪȴܹʹá
һ£лֻһܣҿսĩβԶʥʵĶԻóһۣƺԶʥʵܹδ»ָ۷״̬ܹǵĿģΪβ֮ģϾ崴ķӣΪҪΪʥ֮ģһɣܿһԶʥʵΪۣʥ֮ģԶʥʺܴܿع˼֮󣬽ЩνľͷһȫµĻʥ֮ģԶ֪ͨΧɱԶʥʡ
лķŵҲĥ
жϣû̫֤ݣɾĿǰ֪ĿԷǳ
ʥֻ֮һҲֻпһ˵õʥ֮ģɾͳԽͷ֮ϣʥ֮ʲôʱ֪ʲôط֣Ҳû֪ɣô˭õпܣʱżڣԶ磬ʥ֮ĺܾܿĳһط˼ֵģбżڵҪ߳Ҳô򵥵ģĿǰΪֹδģ֣֤һ㣬ǻ޷褶޷߳Ѱҵν߾ǣһ֮һǲתΪ褴ż߳׼أҾ÷褻ʥ֮ĵļʿСģ£ǵһ̬ѹһͷȥ˸׳ƳǸܣĻֻһ취˵
ۣһʱ𣡡
ûżڵ֮Ѿҵ˰취ܿ𣬱ɳȫ˵
Ȼû֤ݣ˵ûֿܡлɣǳƻǵõǸ߾ǡ
ŵͷд⣡
ЦҲôġ
ƻ϶ҪƻҿҪӳ飬Ͼ˼ҿȫǳĸ֣ǵУҲֻлܶԿǿԸһҪ򣬿Σյġս˵
ЦҪۣء
սɻĵ㣿ܴλĸ֣
ҹܣߺͶˣֻҪһҶһʽȫˡһʮĵ
һ㣬ҿɱ֤лЦ
лĻսȻỳɣֻǸоܲʵһֱΪŮᲢ۵Ҳѣ̣Ϊģû뵽һֱС̾Ȼǿ
лҲֶΣǾǰ֮ס
þǶð֮׺и֣ҲԲǵõ߾ǣżȥ޴Ļᡣ
𣿡л
˶ĵͷ
лȻˣôҶս׼ɡ
һ¡ŵ
Ťͷ
֮УƱ˵ǿģлǰһΣԴҶڴܹóʲô취
һսƻҿǷС˵
˵л
ŵƻܼ򵥣ллֵݣȻôߣҹ˶ҪΧģлֱ뿪ȻŻ֣һ㲻Ҳ˵ģȻնɱӦòǺѣ̹ʧܣҲȻǽлʹȻǸӽ䱸лô˻᷵ʩչ޼ɱ˶սռڣлֿǵս֮£ؿȫߣȻԴˣлʤġ
ð취лЦҿǰ̰һλãȻǰȥ׷ɱʥ֮ԴһɱʶܴģΨһϧǣ޷ǣȡˡ
Ҳ򵥣Һһ֣ɱˣʹʥռ꣬ΨһĵǣǵļӡǷǰµģǻˣ޷ȡġ˵
лЦˣҲֻܹá
ֿʼ
ǽƻϸ
ھܵüƻ©ʱлֹ̽ҵļˣҵǧħǵĹǺڵˡ
ǴҾ׼ðɣǽǧħǹǺصʱ̶֡˵
˶ͷǡ
л޼ɱսռ䡣
עߵ˵Ķ̬
ʲôطʵ
ҹЦǰԼǧ׵ĵطҸһϹȥɡ
Ǳٶ̣Խ棬ԽǽӽǧɽģĴħµĲƣһҲǸСĽ
жлҲܽġ
ҹܵĴ£ǰнǧٶ׵ʱǱһɽǰֹͣ
ѲĽʾǧħǵĹǺӦþɽ棬ţƺһӴĿռ䣬ɽѹˣɽȥĻһЩҲһЩſܿٳһͨҹ˵
߿ɽֻͨСɽҲ߰˰׵ĸ߶ȶѡ
һ˱ɽڡ
лҲֳɽڵһУǺҲǶʮ׵ĳȣɽ·һʵĵطӦǧħǹǺڵأǿл޷ǿдƽ롣
Ҳ֪Щҵ֮󣬴ôС
й۲졣
ɽڣλػڶڸֹڸ鿴顣
ʱǲųֵġ
ϣǧħǹǺʲôص㣿ʵ
ţûǧħǵĹǺֻǸоµħϢоƺһصǵطҹ˵
ԣͷ˵ˣ˵ǧħȶħ޵ĹǺڵأ϶ɢγɵƷĹĴڣʬ壬ƻҪƣҲط
ҹЦǽô죿
ǰɣϴΪػ˵أǧ򲻿˽ļƻǿǰĪˡ˵
ҹܱҹǼĸ߳ɽʼѲܵ
ǽ⿪ǧħǹǺ֮أѰ߾ǵʱˡ


2013  ô
ؼʱˡ
лҲ˾ԭΪǧħǹǺƽصģɽڣ֮ͨѪʥ֮Դһɱŷǳƣ˾ʡȴ˺ܶ鷳
ʱҪպá
ǽƽʱ򣬲ܹ
Ҳ뿴ǧħǹǺ뿴߾ǵʲôĶķǷ֮
֣ʼɡ
ţ
ߺͶ˶΢һͷ˱óһн˿ľɵĴԼʮ׳ľŽɫ˿߹ճţרԵµĽƵƷ
֮һ˵Ŀ
еĽ˿ľҲõĳǣƵģĻԾϵزţһĽɫĹ⻷û棬͸£ۣͨлЩɫĹ⻷ĵطһ΢ɢȥʹǽķࡣ
˿ľĽɫҲ𽥵˥ģ
лҲǰ̾ѡ
ĺ
רоĻҲûпܴһЩлĿ֮״βҪѧϰͷҲһ
ڻ˷ʱڱĵط
Сʱǽ˿ľѾʧΪͨɫľ·ǸҲѾĲˣú΢ˣл鿴һ£ȻҲͨ켶ϵǳĿ¡
Ͼǧħ۶ɵġ
žž
ߺͶڽ˿ľĽ˿ʧ֮ľ㼴̶ѣƬ
ݡ
ЩƬ·̺ĳһ㣬ȻĹߣ׷׵棬֮ͿɽŤ
ռ壡
лͷһֹ̳֡
˵ȿռ壬ǳ£ܹһ棬Ҫʱ򷢻ӳȻǷǳĿռչ֣лﲻǰǳֵĻûʲôãֻܱ¶ǵġ
ЩƬۼһ𣬱ŤţһԲϵһɬޱȵɽΪģԲڵĵ濪ʼͬɶŤһƵĴ֮š
Ҳʼÿնһֱͨ·Ľ
ƣ
ǲϵȻֹͣ
һǿһ𣬺ǽ档

ˮĻǽѸٵɢֳһ޴Ŀռ䣬ʹߵһʱԾȥ
Ҳ׷׵ûС
Ψҹţֹʲô˺ħ޿ԲżĵϵҲֻܸѲߵ顣
лҲΡ
ֻһЩԼ۾Ϊһ
ôܣ
Ǻأ
ȽĶʹͬʱ
ټĿռ䣬ʵķգһǴδƻӦúڵصǧħǹǺȴټ
Ѱ߾ǣ߼
ԶԣǸҪ߾ǣǴеĿġ
ǧħǹǺޱȵҪġ
Ѿ¿ռлҲϸ۹ĦѰҿܵĶ£ʲôûУҪ˵ʲô߾ˡ
ߺͶͬʱ֡
˵֮ӿһǿֵ֮ɫɢȥռ䣬ÿһ䡣
κηӦûС
߾ǲڣɫ쳣ѿ
Ҳ۱â
벻ͨΪʲôû߾ǣûǧħǵĹǺһжĽȻͬĵطǣĽʼãûбƻĺۼȴʲôûУν͵ͨ
Ҫ֪ǽǧħɢ۶ɵģԵøӲ
᲻ǧħǸˣһżĸַʡ
һ˵˶Ǻë
лҲһָоƺʲô˰п̽ţԼо·ûɵģͻȻ֮ľˣϽ۲鿴ûзʲôǧħǾǸҲܾ֮Ѳ鷶Χɡ
Ҳ֪ǲãлȻ޷ֱ̽ĸоˡ
żЩҲˡ
һָоƺʲô˿̽š
Ҳǡɫصĵǧħĸˣ˵Ļ߾ǣǸõֵģǧħһħĽƻǿҲ޷ֹ뿪
ȻΪΣ
ߵǧħڿռ巽ģܹκεƣħ۷ʱµĽƣҲɵ뿪ġ
˵صĽδƻǧħǸĿԾ͸ˡ¶һĨŭɫĻļƻͱƻˣ޷ҵǸ߾ǣҲ޷ȥŬܰ׷ѣ
ŭĶݺݵһȭǽ档
ǿ֮ŭйռ̳˾ҵĲǿռǽ涼Ѻۡ
һĿռ
Сģǿռߴѵ
ѸٵľۼһǶʱҪȥ׼
ϾŴ߸˵ˣǧħǿǾпռģʱͻȻֿռһЩ롣
ˡ
ռıһ󲻹ɵĿռŤ
һ˿˿Ŀռɢ
л۾ǺֹǾпռһ˿첻ʱء
Ҳ˵ǿռʱһϡ
ϸĲ鿴
ڿռʱ壬лڴ޼ɱ֮ǰѾֹܾͣǰˣҲʼûְչ֡
⵹һûѧϰĻᡣ
ռŤʱ߽ϣƺγһսռһطûУױ㱻ţӶְֳܹϣҲʾְѾﵽܸĵزˡ
һĹⲨһֵĺɫĶֳ
˶ס˺
Ƕɴ۾ţҪɫĶʲô
Ƭ֮һǲٿȻʧһɻϢһ޴ʯ¿ռڡ
ʯĵģ߲ңһӣȷҲʮ׵ӣܱȥأһֶһָƣɢۻĺظȴЩ̾
ĳ֣ռԵˡ
ԭҲٶƽӣҲ߰ƽʯλǡмĵش֧ͬռһ
ϸʯ棬ûʲôţҲûʲôͼеֻһЩݵĵ׺ֻһһУ԰εĸобʯһصħ⣬ħⲻϵشʯӣƺϴʯҪҳմȾ
ħϴ֪ٱ֮һֵӰʯı棬ǻһӰ
ɿⱳӰ꣬ߵĿɿڴҪϢˣлҲѿھг
ǱӰȻǡ


2014  µıӰ
һӰ̼л꣬ߣţ̣սȵ˶ΪԼˣŵĿǸӰ
ͨıӰǾͷıӰлҲܷϣֻٵߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ڲǰħɽɽһսУ㽫ͷ˹п˸ɵ
һˣ±Ӱ
Ȼᡣ
Ǹеһ˿־ǣǱӰ洫ݳһɹۻ·űӰһ
Ӱ֮˲֪ġ
ħıӰ
ħһ棬һһû֪ڵħǸҲû֪ĸĸ˭ֻ֪ħԴӳпʼһԡ
ħ֮Ҫħӣһλʦ㿴ħٴΣĳεϤûܹħںУֻͨһЩģּ¼ƶϳħʵģµĻֻһǾǱӰ
ħÿһڶħӰͼ꣬Ծɺܳġ
ΪħʹŵħǿĴʱ
лˣûûӰˣıӰǺͨģûʲôоӰȴĪĿ־У·ħʯ棬ʵħʱתʯ߳
ѹǿҡ
һƽ֡
ʯ棬ħӰԲ࣬һּ
ӲӵĹâӳ˫Ŀ˴ѹٿּǡħ2185637꣬ħ
һ֣ħعĸָĴۡ
л֮ǰѾǵˣ褿ԹħȻҲڵⲻħܷǷʱǿߴйؼ⣬Ƿǿ߰ǹ֣µ顣
ħ2185637ꣿħɻĵħǵħħʧٵһ꿪ʼģħʽĵħ¼ʱģһʮǧʮꡭôꣿ
Ҳɫĵȷ꣡
żĸֶһľ
лͷҲ˼£ħ治ôϤ㿴ţŵ˵ͷʾߺͶ˵û
ʯ˵ħһꡣ
ħħ۱ĶʯҲɭһɱĺͷų˵ħǷֵʯŹأ
˵
ЦǷйأʯܹȡأãܹħǰЩʲôֹħתż֣֪ĿϵĴڣû˿в棬ħȷἰΨһвĳǿߣħ㲻Ķ֣ڱʥ֮Ĳ˵ӵıˣҪЭܵĸʯ档
Ļ˵һ˵ȶѪ
Щһϼ޻ģܹﵽ磬һɵϣǵĿУż淽ѾһĴڣǾǵǵľ֧漰褵ģΪ֮ġ
֣˵ô˵
ʯںܷܿӡһǳµпħµһй꣬ҪȡͿʯȻҪ֣Ҫ׼߳
ߵΪȥ޺
޺
żͬʱе
ߵã̽һǷ׼
һȺڶ£վڴߵı˳ֵ׼ǿ˸еȻǳĿֲ
лĿţѾӸտʼȶ
侲лԺиֳŶȡǽܼ֮󣬹ǽܴеĿģҪѰһħµʯ˵٣ʯֻһ顣
νħʯǷָأ
ħʯζʲô
ǽΪ˷ʥһע棬϶ûô򵥵ġ
лҲܸܵħʯƺһһ˫۾Ÿоӣħʯĸо
ңߵ̽ħʯǷ
ˣ
̧ţһ档
ҲɵֱӹĻ˭֪ħʯǷͷųµأǾˡ
ǿڵ棬ҵĲ
ǲ̴̼ħʯͬҲ˵Ǳŵлˣ½㿪ĳ
ˣ
·ʲô͸ħʯƵģ洫Ƶ
ħʯħҵĲʯһݳ
ħӰʧ
ͼ˱仯һӴĺݳ޵Ĺͼظֳһ͸ǲͼʵڵĸоҪĸо
ݻĹתţع档
ħʹ
ǹϷһ޴Ҷдɷ֣̽ɢǿҵİ
Ȼħʹ
ʹͼħʹʮ򷿼䣬ռҲǷǳӴ
ħʹħӰлĵħʹڴڵֻǿռ䴫󷨣һΪӭħ׼ˡ
ûĵȻģѵΪһƭ㲻ɣ
ǵǣ㱾˵ģֳĶƺ֤һ㣬ôҲ˵ħĵصӦԶɱˡл˵
Զɱһĵط³˷褣ûоͷ̤Уе룬ҲûоͷɱġŵھƵ֮
лʼ磬ˣǸԺ˵ǿħʯʲô֮ɡ
ħʹͼֳռʯ󲿷ֵĵط
ħӰֳּҲʧˣȡ֮һӵÿһ涼һħ˸
еŶħ֮󣬾Ϳħʹͼڴһ˿Ĳһ·ңԶʱ͹һ㣬ħʯټĿռγһӰ
ʲô˴ҵľޣ˵Ŀд
һ֣ռ̱ˣ·Ҫɱ磬ǿ꣬߶о˺⡣
ֻͨ嶼ѩ׵ļУţͷһöǶţһѺƵıͬһһ㣬ס˿ħʯߡ
ʯˣ߿ˣʱʯǧħǹǺγɵģħʯħڵħʱ꣬ħйѡ֮һ
ʯϵļһĨ貵Ĺâǵĺͷų֪Щģʲôˡ
ߴЦ˭ҪҪǣħʵڵħʱ궥ҲħʯȻħµʱ֮һ˷ܵشЦλְɣɱʯħʯǧɽصħʯͳͳĴݻ٣ɷħʱ꣬ôֻҪҵһʱ괦ħԶ޷ˡ
йİħΨз֪Ӧżʯޱȣħż֮ˣɱ⣡
һ˵꣬ȳ
һ֣һʮ׳ľ޴Ӱ㸡ֳʯֲȥʹñĺأλĸ̱


2015  ɱ
˵ı֮леһ˿ȣս̺ŵı֮ġ
лʩչսڵئħȡʹսڲб֮ҪԱݳ档
ȻˣЩżĸܹĨɱĻԱյЩӳݵͷţлǿսҲ볤۷弶ֿˡ

ҲߣӦ죬͵סһնǿǽ䷴
ĳλǱ顣
һĻҲлզ࣬˻һս
֣ɱߵסһ̴֮
ɱ
˻һὣɱȥ
ֳǹɾ˵Ҳ൱µģĸҲһճĹһʯ
ʯʵͻ
Ҳ൱ڳɫˡ
ǣ
ʯֽ棬˫ȻǰȥҪǿĻߺͶ񽣡
ߺͶ״һЦ͡
֮£Ǳ赲ġ
ˣ
֪˫ĳȥħʯȴȻһ£ˡһ£ıһӷ˳ۻݺݵ˹
һ仯ϡ
лûзӦħʯصĻдߺͶѷˡ
꣡꣡
ƾףħʯǰȻԵô·һ֮£񽣱ˡ
ֲҲֵϡ
˲ҽУ൹ɳȥڿһƬɺѪϵ֮ٵĲȻٵǵƻָС
ħʯƲ
Ȼȥ
Ĺħʯ飬޴ʯҲȺżȺУһӱ㽫Щ˶ˡ
ɱżĸͳͳĻһƬѪʯڣʣһƬ鲻Ŀݹǡ
һգ۵Ĺ
żĸֻʣˣˡ
𣡡
ʯһǿֲħʯٶȺ˳ȥݺݵ꣬ͬʱűҲɱȥ
ħʯĶ꣬ûʲô
Ǵ߿Ժʯһ£ٿѡߵġ
뷨ͦãʯȴû˼ģս츳侪ˣб裬ͻĽ꣬ĺγһƵģ߸ΧͨƴߵٶȣҲ޷ӳȫ˱ѷɫĴ߷ӵΣգʯһƬ£Ѿˡ
лţڴôҲʯһЩ鷳ģû뵽Ȼɱĺ޷֮
׼л
Ѿ׼ʱʥ֮Դһġ
лˢһ´ӵð
ҪӪȶꡣ
ԭҪûŶ꣬ȡ䣬֪żһЩܣαǿħʯжô£ʯ޷оٿص£ħʯȻʱ̽ʱΣԻܶࡣ
Ŀǣʹлò֡
أ
ðһ˲䣬ħʯҲٶȺͶײһƾˣ˵ؿռСѶֻܵӲӲ
֮µĶ˫ȭشȥ
꣡꣡
˫۷ԵĹۡ
Ǳķ˸Ѫ󵹷ɣײ¿ռǽϣٶܵ𶯣Ҳ㱻Ĳȥ
ħʯƲײȥ
ۿŶǣлˡ
ˢ
Ƶ磡
ٶȵļ£ٶǰħʯٶȾ޷ǿܹͨ켶λֱƴٶȡ
ž
лҲһץסĽӣȻһ㱻ĴǷ϶лħʯײǽ棬ҵĲлٵһڶĶͷĻʹȥȻҪ£źȡġ
֪ոһŭĿ
һ
ۡ
һƬĺıǹӵðϴ˸úӣˡ
ͬʱǴҲʯͷŵı˫ȸóٻʯһնɱ
ߺͶһǵΪѪħʯɣ߲ƵĹ塣
࣬
лʯȤûУУһ׺ݵлնɱȥ
۷弶ɫʵ
л۾ǱնɱҲͻƣﵽλɫĵزҪʯǷʲôء
񵶳
ûʹöлǽսʮ屶սӿڣһâֵ

ײ
ǳʮ׵Ľ顣
лҲֻ΢΢ζһ¡
ƾУ
˭ҲûռһϷ磬ⷴл˷Ҳ˵Ѿ㹻ʱͳ۷ɫǿ߶ԾˣϵֻҪ볤λ磬ؿɺɨ۷弶ǿߡ
ಣ
һ޹ʯٶȳХһ˽һȫӿųǵĺ͵һն¡
ⲻǽȫԾ
л۾ڣǷģܱĽòϼӴּӴһâ˸š
ƶն
ӵӭӣǺᵵͬն
ˢ
ˢ
âͬʱ֡
ɲǼ䣬ײ
񵶵ĵʶбĽ֮ǿײǿҲֳ𣬷۱֮һСƬϨơ
Ȼֿ
лʮಽǱĵŽӡʯе֮󻬶ʮףһ֡
ƾС
ҲˣлסΣᵶն

һγɻΣڵϻȥĺХոصʯȥ
ʯδռһ˿Ϸ磬Ϊʹħʯţǰ
أ
ħʯһҡΣȴδʯһĺۼ·ħʯûһ㡣
л񵶣ǵŵĵط
ؿħʯײ֮˺ܶ࣬ʣµֱӱħʯˣҲڵûеʱ򣬲׽һ˿϶ǾħʯƺһռС磿
㶮ÿռ壡ʯ
лĵһЩʯǧħǵĹǺγɵģɶԣ
ֻһ룬ǵħߵһսδ𣬱ħʯػʯǧħǾ׳ġʯ˵꣬ٶȻӶ˫ֱ֣Ӱħʯı棬ͿħʯٶȳֳħʹͼҸӵʵ·ĴƵģͼ棬һɺص漤˳ʹħʯȻ䱩ࡣ


2016  ռ
ħʯı仯ûӹлĹ۲죬֣νħʹͼֻһӣħʯڿ϶һռС磬ռС粢ǵĿٳġ
ռСսġл˸ž⡣
һӱˡ
Ҫ֪л޼ɱǿٳһսռ䣬νսռռСƶִĲͬ
ħʯı仯лһȫµ뷨
أ
̺ħʯЯŻصĺҹȥ֮УĦһƬ˸ţķٶҲǳľˡ
л˽Ƿȫ뷨
ҪħʯһЩռ壬ܵ޼ɱֵħʯٶȷı仯㽫ͷųҲ˷֮Ĺ׼ȻʩչƵ硣
ٶȵӣлƾٶȱԶħʯĹٶˡ
һΣƮʮףлվΣȥ۲ħʯҳпռСİ֮
ٶȲʯĵ
·лܹ㿪ħʯĹҲǽȶ꣬ǿһЩˣ⡣
ΪħǧħǹǺ»ָʯ˵ˣʵһ˵ѡ
ಡ
ǾͿʯĿħʯ¿ռصķ裬ϵ׷лҵȥ
лҲһ㣬Ʈȥ
ħʯζ·лû۲ħʯڵĿռԶԼĿռ壬ȥ
׷ɱʮζ޹ҿл࣬ʯΪ
ΪħΪĵԸݱԼǰˣ硣
٣ʯȵ
Ϳʯϱ֮ͻأ֮ɢȥʹ¿ռ䶼ųǵĺ⡣
˺Ǵȳ۷弶ĸ֣һע⣬ܱ֪ʯ̺ŵı֮ôĿ¡
ͬʱ䣬ħʯһĨ
ʼѰħʯռлʱ۷⣬һ˲䣬ƾŶԿռĲ׽һ˿Ǿħʯ治ǴڿռС磬ԿռСƵһռѷ졣
ռѷðһɷ硣
ǷǼ֮磬뿪ħʯ֮󣬱㻷ʯΧ·Ϊħʯ˳Ƶġ
ಣ
ħʯĹٶȻ
лҲһץħʯ̺ŵĿռĺ壬νĿռѷ죬Ϊʲôʯܹħʯ蹥ΪħʯڴһЩĿռ϶ռ϶һУʯڵģʶʹ˫еϵ
˵򵥵лƾͷһĶ
ֻӵ
ռѷ죬ռѷ졭л۾
ͬʱǳǵĺҲȫͶел˱
޴ħʯҲȻ˹
ǱУлҪˡ
͸оѹ̸оΣûжĿһĨĺâһĨɵγɣΧƺһ˿ŤžͿħʯڸѷ죬һһģӲǣħʯڿһ١
꣡
漴Ǳı֮׷׵ѡ
ʯҲŭһޱͷų߶ħʯѸ͵ĺҹȥľٶҲ֤лǰжϣľƵħʯ
߱ܽħʯһ³̹̱㵽лǰ׵ľ롣
лٶȣȴûô
޼ɱ
лȻһ֣Ʒ·һֻħ֣ܹ컻أǰӹǰڵĿռ֮顣
ͬǿһ飬ȻֵͷʾĲĹ켣һ㣬Ƭռķˡ
ħʯҲŷʧ
ǷۼʧħʯٴֳʱѾĺۼĿռѷ졣
ħʯڿռ϶л޼ɱڲȫµֶΣǾǿռУƿռϵֵԶ빥ֶһܹиһУһƬ硣
ѷħʯڼŪŪħ
֮ŭ
л񵶶ûã˶һ㣬ǰȻȥħʯ档
䣡
ħʯӦѣ˷ɢƬ

ʯһʹĲҽУϵѩɫĺͳͳѣеıˣνҲٵڣֻʣһꡣ
¶һĨ֮ɫǷĺУͳͳĻǵĺ¿ռŵĺͳͳĻϣʹϢ˲һʯͷųһ˿˿ĺɫħҲۼȥЩνʯ׷׵ĻΪһͨʯ顣
뷴лӵĵ
ˢˢˢ
ҵȶﵽǿ״̬Ļᣬ֮ͼ֮ױ㱬ȥ
֮һУꡣ
䣡
ɫķ֮һ±㽫궴ո׳ٶȵļ
лüļһߡ
籩
ʮʹâĻ渲ǵĹûɢ۳һһ׳̵Ļηӹȥͬһѷޱȵ䵶
ˢ
һӶδü㱻һն͸õӵģܲʵһʮȼꡣ
Դʯѷ
лһţû£ٵĽ˸
źҲһʱȥ
ŮҪȡʯļ䡣
أ
Ǹոճ֣ʯ꣬ʱ㷢˱ѣ׻ΪУڡ
̿ЦĽƣֻҪ䷽棬бըҿӦħµĽƣľͷƣûôֲ
֮СлҲû⣬뷨Ҳʹþ籩ֱӾҪ䳹ɱľٶ
Ȼħ϶ħޱϤħʹֶΣʵò޷쵽ô˶Ϥܵأʶļ䣬лû̫
תЩʯ
ʯڴռѷ죬ڿռѷڴ洢һ꣬Ҳûʲô⣬ҪʯصĴ֮ʯٶȼӿļ֮磬Ǿֵûɵĵطˡ
ʯǱԵġ
Կռ̣ǲӦ߱߱Ŷԣôôġ
лŲ鿴ʯ
ʯľʯˣȥͬһʯͷ˵ĵط
ž
лһŲʯ棬ʯ㻯ĩƮ
ûʲô֡
ʯҲûʲôһ֣ҪеʯĨɱĿȻǾܵĲһۼħµʱ֮һʯǻһܱʹá
һɵ֮£ʯһı顣
𣡡
һԼħʯʮ֮һСʯʱ涸Ȼһͳ˻΢ʱ忪һӰٵĴܳڳȥ
ħǻ꣡
лһţͷųеʯ飬Ҳǰȥ׷ɱħǻˡ
̣ţսҲ׷׵׷


2017  ǧǻɱ
뿪¿ռ䣬лҲδΣҹǼҹܵڸӦµս֮󣬱ѸٵΧȥҪȥֹսħ޻ǰ
л˳֣õҹˡ
ֻҪʩչԼٶȣȫٵ׷ħǻ꣬ٶչ̽ˤ󣬿ɾˣелҲһͽ½һǧףզ಻ѡ
𣡡
ǰӴܵħǻ걾ͼĴħʯڣȻʯʯлɱȻӲǶ֣ʶûклеĴ㣬һζӴܡ
һХܵľҵҡ
һɿ񱩵ĲƸǴħǻɢԻ̬ܵĻľʹЩݷ׷׵ĿήħǻǱøʵ
Ӷ
ħǻֳлһĨ⣬뵽ǧħǵĴ˵̵սռγֵʱ˵ǧħǵĿ֮
ǧħǺųǧΪһ۴һ
ƵܹỨľ࣬ħ޵̶Լ»ع۷壬ȻĻԵǧħǰͷܹͷͬھҵħΪϵ֮һֻؽǰľͷɾǺɫꡣ
Ǿʮ屶սװͶлûаܹڰͷɫʱƴͷɫġ
ǧħǿصֶΡ
𣡡
ħǻٶȳХһͿܶȻһɿ磬𲻶³֣ٶȻٶȣУҲ棬һ棬ǵ±ɫʹٶٶһЩ

лΪʲôռѷĴ֮ٶȵļ֮ˣһжΪħǻԵʡ
ˣħǻҪǰߣҲȻ
ٶȫ
κεıǼ֮İҲֳʹлٶȼӳִﵽ˵߳ɡ
лҲͬһ֮˲Ϣ䣬׷ħǻꡣ
ԭ֮Ĳһʮףлһ٣㵽ħǻһ׵ĵط
ֱ̽ץ˹ȥ
𣡡
ħǻٶһ
֮Ϳǿټ֮£Ѿǰǧɽ֮Ȼӿħ
𣡺𣡺𡭡
Хǧɽ֮ϴ
ӴХһֻʮ״СӴףǧɽ֮۷ſڱҪлɽȥ
͵лһʱжϳҲǳ۷ɫģܸǿ
ಣ
л̸ıǰٶȣתбϣ뿪ǹֱɸ߿գþ޴һա
Ӵܳħǻ򷢳һԾھ޴׵ͷϷ׷Х޴ٶɱл
лֿˣǧǻɱ䣬ǧɽλµʱŵǧ׿֣Ӵףϴ
лԣ
Ӵƺ޷뿪ǧɽ̫Զĵط´ħǻ귵ǧɽ
ֻԭֱǧɽƺı仯˵ĸоǾһͷڸյħǣռŤ֮£ضҡΡ
ǧɽô¡л
һ¶ǰ㷢Զǧɽ˵ǧɽǧػħΪ֮жδǧɽΪƽصĴ˵Ӧ˵ɡ
֪һ㣬˵ħȽ⣬ΪҲǴ˵ܲİɣлʵ
ģĵ
лԣ´ǧɽ
˵ȻʵģֻħˣҲܱжɱ¾ʲôܹжħأ
һ㴫˵ǴģǾħжֻΪħڵħ̫Ѿ˵ľ֧Ǿ䣬ǵĿ˵ĶǶħǿǵģʵʵǣǧɽܹΪʱħûǧɽΪƽˡ˵һ𾪵ʵ
ħǧɽǧǻɱǴﵽͷΪθղҸоƺҲǴͨ켶λͳ۷ɫ֮أлĵ
ŵҪħ˵˵ЩҲǸϻ֮һƶϣǵ֮ʱħ۷ʱڣɨ޵֣֮ʲô֪׼֮ʱȴԵ쳣ʵ۷ʱڵһɣȻĿǰ֮һɣ¶Ϊħʯ´йʱɡ
ʱħֻһɵ¾ͷɫǿҲ֣ƫƫǧɽһһǧħǣǵıҲȷǧħǵԭһǧħǶͨ켶λʵʮħǰͷһħǴﵽ˰ͷɫʵӲƴĴۣħ޷նǧɽֻܽ׼õ֮һǧħ겻ǧɽӴǧɽ˾ޱ䣬ǽƣͷ
˵лȻˣΪʲôħָ֮ûлĨɱǧɽأ
ŵûʧˡ
ţ
л˶¶Ȼ֮ɫ
Ҫ֪ħʯмٵĳɱϾǱ˷֮󣬱ȷħʯҲȻģԼµܹ¹ֶΣԶɱ²ãΪȫκ˶ѡ񾡿ܵĽֲöﵽĵزħܲǰ׼ð
ħӦòỨѶʱ䣬Լָ߳ɵɣҲɵزǧɽġ
ħǽν֮У⣬Ǳȵİɡл
ƺֿ󣬲ȻĻħΪʲô¹ֶΣз褣Զ˵ģǿ϶бƲѵԭûʱָ·ػ֮Żǧɽ˵
лǧɽظоǧɽǧɽǿǺѶԿˡ
˵ֳǳ۷ɫ꣬ؼ˼ҵĸԺԲƣͨʼձ۷״̬бҪնɱǣҪһǧħǻ꣬ЩħǻĸʲôطҲȷҪǧɽѶȷǳ֮
ǧɽʵҲѡŵ
Ŷʲô취лʵ
ЦҺսõʱҲйǧɽֶַΣǧɽףһңֺսһ볤磬Ҳǵõ
볤Ҫϵһ̡
ȷôһ̣ħҪһ²ɣҲһµʱ䣬ЩԸȴûаһܹЩŵָǧɽЦĵǧǻñǧǻ꣬ȫԽ˲ɣҡֵħ費һħǻõȫɱ䣬пܴڵ߽սֱɱͨ켶λʷľԽȡ
ֱð⡣
ʵǼħģķħǻʣսֶл͵Ľӥޣħ˼ʱ򣬻ܹãǵ˵ħ磬óֻ׸ˣԻôˡ
仯Ҫʼˡ


2018  ǧħ
ŵ׼ǧɽûĿֲ
ǧɽ֮нأܹκ˲̤㣬Ϊǧɽϵǧǻɱ䣬вƵħơ
սǧɽյػΪصֶΣл˶ԾԾԣڴı仯
ԵȣҷźŵʱٸϹȥҪ˷ħǻǰȥֺսҲɽǵĽӥͷųܻħǻɱĽѡŶ
˶ͷͬ⡣
ű𶯱ѩ׵ǧɽȥ
ıӰл˻еţ˵ǿǧǻɱ䣬ܹûǴͼõģ֤ʮֵš
սǽš
İɣµġлսļͷŵľ̶ȣûа˳ϵİգðյġ
֪ԼоųϵģֻҾûսûڶгӣ¶һĨǣԶԶĶţ³ʲô⡣
ıҲʶħ
лЦǳ⣬ǻƾҵٶȺʵٿԾǧǻɱһʱģ䰲ȫأ⻹ǲģӦòỳҵսɣ
ǵҲǣ̬ڣһʧܿԣҲûˡսлеäĿţ۽Ƴüļʥ֮Դͼ˸ɵЦ̵һžǧǻɱǿ״ֿ̬ܴ˰ɡ
Դ˺ɡ̵
սǽŵηſ۾û뿪ŵӰֹлܵħ轫仯ˣǵĽӥʲôʱҲæδɱ䣿
лȻʧЦǸǿģͺǼͻͽеõĵͼŵõʹʥˮıԼһȻΧȽ϶࣬ȥһЩضһЩҲܹǽӥǻԣǷԣĿԲ̫ҪԼˡ
ǽ̸УŵӰʧǧɽڡ
ǣǰѾǧǻɱȻûٶŷǧɽָ֮ǰģ
˶ɴ۾š
лҲرע۵ǧɽ֮ȴٶ谭һεˣ޷ľΡ
֮żֵĸǧɽ谭л۴ڣҲʶ۲ܵģҪ۷ͱ۵õ
Ƭ̣һɫʥǧɽɽֳѸٵɢγһԲȦƺǧɽֳ֡
ɹˣսϲ
һõͼǧǻɱķԴҲϤʥضǧɽ֪еһ
ݣ
ĺХ
ű㿴ɫĹȦðİɫĹ㣬ڸ߿۳һѩɫ
ŷĳɹźš
ɣս˷ܵشЦ
ҲǴϲ
̽ħǻͷųֻ߽սʵķħǻԴΪﵽ߽ս֮󣬾ʹûгʼնƴУħ޵ٶȿûǰݣҲδ˽սʾء
𣡡
ħǻʷ˷ܵХ˫չа׶೤
Ҳڷħǻʵıлˣһǧɽսǰ죬ٶ졣
ս죬ǶھǧɽмȦϴԼ׵ĵطš
ֻȫһڰϵϴţڷٵУǵЦΪģǶʮ׵ĵط÷ħǻſҵĽ¡
Զ
л֮̾͸оһޱȴӿһɴļ˵ȫתΪսһл壬̳ģɽ
ȫ
սٵҲעġ
Դˣл̫ˣϲǴޱȵȻȻҪϵˣǷԳô˻ᣬ̼꣬Ӷ۵ء
Ǣ꣬̾ǵͷųһǿ
űҪ߶ϵͨطѹǧħǻģлһеħǻ̶ˣκηûˣŶסˣһŷӦҲĵ
ڣսֶƶһηԾ
սֶˣһ۷ɫ꣬һɫ꣬ͻƶ൱һء
һһħǿʼȫ
ǵɣҵĲҲʹǧɽٶȳֿռŤƺ
˵ȱ仯ÿ仯ҹǼҹܵˣһЩħ޷׷׵ûһǰǿɶԿռ嶼˽ġ
ûдţȫٶǷǳݵģǳлӵս̶ֻԼӴǴתΪս˾̣ţսֶٶȴﵽ쳣˵ĵز
ǧħǻҲʼٵ½
½ţǾǾ߱޷κεá
лΪܵĲԽԽҲʼȥѰҽ˻۵İ취
ϸĹ۲죬ϵ
أлڷΪ۵һ˿޵ϵ
򵥵˵۾ͺ۾һܹ͸۾һЩ
۾
۾û˼ģĸл꣬һллıԴֳġ
лЩ֮󣬵һ뷨ǣȻ۾ܷ߱ͫеأ
ͫû
лȴԹʮֵĸ߼ͫĹԴ˶Щ˽⣬νҲ۾ҲһаͫĽУԵһ귽ĹֶΡ
깥лǽʩչ
㿪ʼģͫ깥һЩС
һĶãҲлͬʱԼ
ʮʱת۹ȥ
𣡡
˶УȻһХǵľޣҲɵĴһӱضˡ
л˶˹
Ǳ˴˻һۣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
ţϲ㣬̤볤ˣҴﵽɫǿȡЦǺǵ˵
ŵҲɫˡսֶˣǸո̤㳤磬ڻûȶ磬лûѹȡȹ̾硣
˵Ŀ㼯ڷħǻʵϡ
ħǻ岻ϵСҲͨ׳ħǵӣ˺ܴɱ䣬֮ϸֵֻ۾źɫëУ˿һ˫۾˸ŵɫâƺ߱ĳͫſ죬ݶ˸źâޱȣ֫ӵĽ׳Уǵı帲һֵϵ͸壬ܹ˿Ĵ£øӵļͣһβƺҲһЩ仯ȴԷ仯
ЦħǻӦѾ߱ǧħ塣


2019  ؼ
ǧħ壡
䲻֪ʲô壬ܹǧħǳϹϵħޱȻħ֮һοǾ߱ǧħ壬Ƿ
ǧħǣͷĴڣܹ߱ǧħǵƣħǻʵδӦĴһͨͷĿׯˡĶħһЩ֮УйǧħǵһЩ˵
Ψһϧǣ߱ǧħ壬޷ǧħǵʮ츳еκһ츳ˡ˵
Ц̫̰ˣѾ㹻ˡ
Ϊǧħķħǻʣǻ߱ǧħǿĵط˵δչѾͨ裬ԭķħǻʴﵽ𾳽磬ѾǼˣڵɾ;ͷδ
ֱǧħǵǻ걾ԴһӴ߽սʿʼһη֮á
ûȫѾﵽ˳λɫĵزڷٵĳɳ֮С
ǧħǣʮ츳κһģھ߱ǧħʮ츳Ҷ˷ܵĵ
ʮ츳ȻǿҪ뷢ӳҪԱΪģѡĻ϶ѡ߱ǧħġ
Ц뷨ͺˣħǻʵעﵽͨ켶磬λλͿ˵ˣԺڻ֮Ҳڵ˶Կˡ
̸Ц䣬ʱúܿ졣
лԾС
ľ仯˶ͨ񿴳ˣſɲֻö࣬Ѿˡ
Ƕлɫɱ˽ɫġ
лڵʵ볤λҲǺңԶˡ
ڷħǻʵԵʣǶж˶ԴգлҲֹͣˣڲ۰
ͨ궯Ĺ۲죬֮ϵһС
лһ⡣
ҵ۷һЩķͷųһ⣬лʹ
ֻ״̬޷չֳֻȡȻɵ
ôſͨ۷ӳأлԺлôһ⡣
лԺиֳķɶ޷͡
Դϣڷ֮лҲֻܷ۵һڹõ꣬ʧȥЧá
ʱֻʩչ깥ȻԸʹ˷

뷨ƷлЩꡣ
ԽǷ꣬Խ޷뵽취깥ֶлջԸᡣ
лʱ䶷ռ䶷Ǿоټ깥ô;߱˼ĹʽɲǷǿġ
ϵظԼҪ侲лƽ
¿ʼһ깥ķʽһĳѰҰ취ٴη
һδεʧܣһδεʵ顣
뵽һǧַͳͳʧˡ
깥ôܹӳõģʵĴڣʲô֮أлתͷȻһռУ
ռлͨħʯģҲǿռһת䣬лյĿռǴĿٿռСõģ޼ɱУҲֻγһսռˣûйԡ
ͨħʯڵĿռ϶ռС
ռǡǡûκμеһֹƵġ
ˢ
лһ󲨶ʧˣսռ䣬̸оĴڡ
վսռڣлŷʧֻһĹ֣˺ѿռ䣬һУǾǿռС
ſռеİȥ齫͸ʩչ깥
һͷ
лһգȫķɣͿԭ޷ƾֳֵֵ̼꣬ɫ
ĺ֮γɵ۾һգ
ˢ
һĨεĵɫ⵶ƾո֡
ǹ⵶ѿһ귽ĲͬƵģ˵
ռҲһ顣
սռҲ֮ʧȻ޷깥
ɹˣлܵĵ
ӰҲٶֳ
˷ܵؽ׷Χ£ܣǲʲôֶΣ
л˷ܵģƴǿѾˣΨһĽ;Ǻַ⡣
šлĵͷ
ʲôֶΣʵ
źҲ˶䣬Ѿͨ켶λķħǻʶȥˡ
л΢΢һЦһ°ɡ
˵ŻڿһץƾճֵĹ⵶ܹ͸յģ˵ǰ
ѽ
˼ͬʱһѸٵĺˡ
лһӣʧ
깥
ǹǿңȴҵ췽Ͳ־壬ֻһֽͣ깥˵
лӦȻǸӵС
лЦû´깥ֶΣûءһ£깥ֱΪ鹥ʽģ񵶣ͽɱɡ
ɱ֣ġͷ
ŵؼ귽棬лܹҲԼľӵģֻ൱ڳɫ𣬵ȴԶԶǴһܱȵģãϹлֵ޼ɱҲɣ˵޼ɱҪ˳սռ䣬Щ鷳ɱԶ빥ɣܵ幥ҲȺУ⹥˵ӦлֵĵһƱɱˡ
һ㲻лĴָ
ĿǰǾõĽȫ汬ҲѾ޷ɱ޼ɱˡ
ݣֻصȶҪսΪҪлľӸ
εѰ壬ǴҶкܴջ񰡡Ц
лףջӦġ
޼ɱεĹԵĿռռУ깥ɱÿһ˵ġ
ǻʽ׽ˣһתСķħǻʡ
Ϳħǻ˫һƥХȺɽҡǧɽƺҪһУˡ
ħǻҲ˷ܵĻС
Ȼﵽͨ켶λɫĵزǵǿˡлЦ
Ҳ˷ܲѣζŵ֧֡
Űڰ֣Լãħ޵ľۼأҲû취ġ
ҲǺܻ졣
ǵȺʱ䣬սֶƲȹ̵ľ硣
һޱǧɽн
֮ҪɽۣΪ˵ʩչطǧħǻʱҲȡһЩ䡣
ǧɽ֮ϣŰ˿ʯ


2020  
ǧɽԴħ֮ʹûˣûħ̤ǧɽ֮ǧɽҲǽƵ򣬹ʶҲûܹԶǰ߶ȣɽΣ֮ɽ궼ħ޷͸ʲôڼ䡣
Ŷȡħǻȱļ䣬֪ɽ۵İ˿ʯħµģҾǧɽϵһǧħǻ궼ȫʢʱڵʱҲܵƣ޷ɽֻۣ֪Ű˿ʯ
˿̽ǧǻɱ䣬лһޣҲʵɽۡ
ΪȫҲǧɽΧۼԽԽħ޺ֵע⣬ͽɽġ
л͸£ҲܹעǷʲôΣյá
һ߾񣬸߶Ƚ䱸š
ħǻΪϵǿߣҲǰ棬˫չͷųδͷеĸ߶ħ޵Ϣʲôħ޵ĻҲ˸е¶ߵġ
ܿ죬Ǳɽ۴Լ׵ĵط
ѾŨܵħš
Ӧл΢鿴֪붷ս޹ء
ڳóȻźλˡ
ǰ鿴
Լʮ֮ŮǰһħУл֮ףȴǵӰл۶ֻģĿǵߣҲ
ħʹиߵ

ħĸˣħĵشҲɽ֮ϣһغ
𣡡

̶ʥ֮ԴʮӰܣɢâħɢӰҲø
վԵҲѩ׵ٵȶɫĹδͷųʮʮĹӰ֮ϣȻ˫ʳָָͻ̫Ѩ֮ϡ
ʮӰѸٵĻعüͼڣȻһȻȥ
ݣ
һɫĹֱɽۡ
䣡
ʲôײһɽ֮Ȼѿǹ⣬һƵģٵ󣬽ħ
ħٿȻˡ
죬ɽۣżٵĵ
лԣʩչٶȣɽ۷ȥ
˵ؾɽҲס
һգ۵Ĺһޱɽۡ
ԭ˵ħҲ֮ٶӿֳǧɽɽ۸ҷĸ
˵ħŨأЩħشԼʮ׵ĸ߶ȷţ֮ûħҲ˵ħγһĿռ䣬ŵɽۿռڣŰ˿ʯ
˿ʯ߸һȦ߿ʯ׵ĸ߶ȣĵģֵĿԿһЩӰģҲħ޵ģͷԼʥӰӣԶڳ̬ͬ
мʯʮ׵ĳȣֱǸ߿շħڣƺڵɽ۵ħ˽롣
Ϣһˣˡ
һϵ
мʮ׸ߵʯ˳һɫĹ㡣
壿壡Ŷǹ㿴֮󣬵ʱһУͼ
лѾֻδģ֪ˡ
ǹһͨװõӣɽˮĵĵطһӰģлȫĳֳܹĿһʮ꣬ӵ󣬶ҷľ촽䣬ϵ
ȻʹģӦ֪ұµһ걾ԴڵӰ˵
걾Դ
лüëһ䱸˵һֻ꣬ҪǴﵽһսʱģҪἰ걾Դл°ͷδõɣ˾ͱڵ꣬ҪôʵѾﵽͷϣҪô귽ŷǳͻĳɾ͡
㵽˭ʲôֻ֣ؽľͷʱԪ֮һл
ǿԳƺΪҹīģҵҵıʱȻǵġڵӰī˵һʹˣ˼磬һӵϢһϢȻǶǴĵħ֮ˣôڣҽһ¡
νϢȻлˡ
ǹīһҲֲʲô˵ʲô¡
ħǰ·صʱ꣬ǰ˿ʯڱеһʱ꣬ǼȻǵħˣҪֹħī걾Դ˵
лͷһ
Ѱħʱ֮һ취ٵ벻ڵйīͷˣһ걾Դ
ʲôأʲôʱ꣬УģΪʲôٵ㲻еĻıٿɡл΢һװţܵ׳һЩõĶ
īǿĲһֻħޣЩħǻŴﵽͨ켶λѣҲ֪Щͷֲ֪ܣҾΪѸǰɡ
лǰ뽲ǰ˵ģȻԸֹħʲôй
νأ忪ٳһĿռ䣬뵱ֻؽһĿǣһƶֵ֮߿ֻؽ磬߱أֻǺΪһЩԭ⵽һ·ԣӶƷԴ˲ģδֻܽؽԶʥֻܹؽݻ٣һû֪ʲôطؿռ䣬һУͻ˯УӴ˻جج𽥵ʧΪԪֻؽڡī͵ħͷ褱ﵽ˳ԽͷҪͻƣֻؽвȱƶֵ֮һЩѳţ࣬ԽߵأħԴ֪ʶǰʱ꣬Ŭͨʱ꣬߻ī˵
˵ĺͳҲԵɡ
лЦʲôѳֻ֣ؽ統ľͷڵɣȻĻ褺ħܹǰ׼´߻İ취
Ȼƣ֪ˣûҪ͹īЩϸ֦ĩڡ
Ϊβٵл
ٵ̸ףħµãµĽ֮ԼҪģٶ꣬ȻǳĿ£˵ңǡܴƵġīһ£һ˼·ż˵Ϊʱ꣬һЩ걾ԴŽѹסļˣͬĻҿָնʱꡣ
ǿһ¡л˵
īԣЩǡ
ʩչһǱۼ
ǷҪ֣ûйīһ걾ԴҲ˽µڴˣҪСˡ
ҪҪͬ⣿лʵ
ŵΪУ


2021  ֮Ӱ
˵УУı涼źƳģ뷨Ҳлıϡ
ΪУЩĿ
һЦű͵ܼ򵥣ħµʱڵأǰҺƿħЩҴħǻڵõһЩ䣬лһڵ깬īȷֹҲûб֮ͨطһ걾ԴģȻѹסħãҲʣ޼
ĿǰǿжϣҲǳ۷弶ɫļˡл
ӹīڵ걾Դˡ
ûѾ˥ͳЩˡż˵һħǻеõһõϢħ޻꣬ԶһЩħ޵壬ģûôΪΣɽ֮϶ħ޶ȥǷ֣Ҫжϣڵ깬īҪһܹҪ
һܣ䱾ڣѵûҪħ޾вѰġл˵
ŵҪĹƺѴﵽлֿ϶ܴﵽҪԲŻ⣬ܹлش𡣡һ£ЦȻˣǿܲ²ĶǴģһӹɣǾռڣҲã𾳽Ҳգֻܷӳ۷ɫǿȣлֱȾǿһսרɱƾʲô֮£ǿԽնɱģȻܹɱαؾء
Цǹؼ
Ǿͬ⡣л
ʵɱ֣ҲûбҪˡ
οĿǰīչֳ͸ʾǳ۷ɫ꣬һ磬лаյġ

лͬˣ֪ܹնħµʱꡣ
һǣҳһ˻һֻħޣһһʯڣնʱܼ򵥡ī˵
ʵҪ󣿡л
īֻҪܹﵽսʼԣҪҪʯڣĶһʯǵǿǣʯڵͻ࣬˵ж͸һЩ
Ȼҽʯ
лЦûκˣĽӥóǻԵģǿʯڡ
ãսͬˡ
ӲӵĻУӥڿС
лз䡣
Ҫʯڣķʯнӥ룬ʯ̽룬ʥʯзħǻʽ룬ΪȫлҶҲ͸ãĿʯֱţսֶ˸ǵѡ롣
ī㿪ڵһɵΪۣǿп˿ʯڵĿռС磬߸֮󣬱㾡ĽԼʩչӵԽǿʯڵͻԽ١
ʼɡл
īӦһʯֳĹӰðɽˮҲ׷׵ת֣ʱҪһ㣬ܷħڱһİɫĹߣûС
ˣ
ͼһʯ
ǧɽҲ֮ҡһԸɽͶ˵Ѹٵûͼ档
ˢˢˢ
ͼȻĺ⣬ڵĿռյ硣
ಣ
ͼģǹīСӰͻȻǰһͬʵһ㣬볣һС
ī˫ֽǰһӡ
ϱİɫâ߿ʯ棬ʯ㸡һȵĹţǿģյģƺзǳӴĿռ䣬ﻹǷŨĵħǺܴ֡
ڿռſ֮ʣл۱в鿴
沢ûʲôֻһյ󷨣еģʯϵġ
ȥɡȷûΣ֮л˵
˶޷ֱ֮ǰȷʯ׷׵С
һУ㱻һǣţ棬лϵǿռŹر֮ǰ̱㴫Ϣȷ󷨶ûΣġ
лġ
߿ʯĿռҲرգ»ָԭģ
īӰҲģ࣬ƺ൱ģ۾ʼĻָĵ
ûã߿ʯһһӰ
ӰȻ̣ţ޵ӰӣӰ鶯·һ㡣
лۿȥ޷ȥϵ̽磬ȴҲˣ޷Ӧ
ʩչռ壬лţܹȡϵģͱ¶ÿռˡ
ˡī۾л
лĵʼɡ
ī΢΢һͷ˫ٶȽǰȻһӶѩ׵ĹĻ£ʯ档
ǡ
ʯĳһɫĹߣҷֿγһռŵͨҲһռС硣
лĿţѸٵӳȥ߿ʯڵĿռС粻ͬĿռСһ޼ʣɵģûһ˿ĵħܸɾԪûУͬߵĽء
ȥīٵĵ
лһֱ̤ǿռڡ
¡
ĿռźȻرա
ر֮л㰵ʹÿռȥĿռܹɵĴ߳ȥҪīǰ£Ҳ˵īڿռ巽л൱Ĳࡣ
ʱ߳ȥû˺֮ǣлԴ˴жġ
ʯʮǧֻ֮Ӱնɱ֮һָڿռġīڿ춯
лüʮǧֻ֮ӰʲôʵΣ˾˵
īλǣ֮£ʣ֮ӰȻĻʮֻ֮ӰԹ֮ɵһֿκĶԽ֮ԴǸӸ߼ܹΨоԽѾ֧ŵˣͿˡ
Ļʧ֮ԭһĿռСڶȻĹ㣬Ŀܼĵطӿֳķţܿ죬ǵģͱл۸ֳ죬ͨ嶼͸ģɣѸٵлУͺӰ
һô𣿡лԴ˱ʾɡ
صҲֻߵǳĶлսûеֿġ
л̧һȭ˳ȥ
ûκεĶֻǴս
䣡
սٶ֮Ӱ飬ͬ޷ʮ屶ս
Щ֮ӰһīޱȵĵħЩĵħڻһ˿˿֮⡣


2022  ͷܵĸ
лԽԽ֮ӰһͷֹʮǧֻһζĹʹȺɱУһζܻɱٸҲҪٴβſԣһָ죬Ҳǳ֮ӰľûбĶ
ǹī걾ԴҪ
Ľչȥ
ż߳ӵ֮ĸ˵Щ֮Ӱ޷㿪۹۲ģҲǶл˵һưɡ
͸۹۲׵ķΧлͷЩǰ֮Ӱģں澹ȻһЩﵽ𼶱Щģɢ޵ѹǴﵽ˳硣
Ȼʮǧֻ֮Ӱлģ͸ҪСĽˡ
ȽЩСġл֮Ӱ˻ܵ˻𣬴˷ײʳָ̧
ٵĹֶΣҲǹΧģǱȻҪɱ֮ױ
ʳָһ㡣
ĺݳ
ǳǵĺܹ֮ӰȼŵܹգǷԲǧڵ֮Ӱһ˲ʧͳͳĨɱˡ
֮ӰɱԭرӿŨĵħǼһ·š
һ»ɱǧ࣬ĵħ൱֮࣬ǳĴлҪɴĹͬкܶ࣬Ҳ֪Щߵʲôô
лţǵħ߷·֮Ӱһ׷׵ӿҪȼһߵ͸еռָڵľͷȻƺ
ͷûγһһ˼άѾ߱һЩܣҰ޶˱ѰҳԵһĽɫʥ꾭һ޸ȻûлָҲˣ»ָһЩܵķӦҲģл̱㽫ͷܴӿռָͷųˡ
һ֣۵ĻǰĶڡ
ͷ˹пµģϴ˾ͷܵĽɫʥ꣬ǰһϵ˿ڡ
ھͷصĻǽɫʥ꣬䱾ֹ⣬̫ͣ޸лҲû⣬ֻҪɫʥȫָͷȻǾǿս˶ۣҲϡ
˴ξͷðлͨһоͷܵĽɫʥزɢһ
ݡ
ǺͿ߷·ٻһ㣬˷׷׵ĻһĵƵļͳͳھͷǰڴ
лȻã
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Ĳ˵ͷܿδȫͣͱлǰأҼԿƣΪܵģǾעͻƣͷɫ꼸յ㣬Ҫͻƣ޽ӽ㡣
Ĺָ߲˿ڣȻԳɳ˶֮ӰͳͳնɱͿ䱾˿ڻָΪһĿܳͷɫء
֮Ӱ𣬻ܲĵħͬлҲаġ
õֶΣɱֻ֮ӰлЧҲӿһǿҵս⡣
΢һЩ
ǿȥޱ߼ʵ֮Ӱٶȵĳǰ
֮Ӱһ㣬ǾǿԼʮҲŻ֮ᷢǰɵǰ̣Ҳʡȴл鷳

лȵ
һ޴ʱִͷֳѸٵ̼串ǷԲһǧ׵ķΧڡ
ǰЩ֮ӰԽݻˡ
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ʮսлıֳ˷ȥʼŰҪ֮Ӱ
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Ǿͬ㣬޷֮Ӱͳͳıݻ٣ĵħǲ֮֮⡣
е֮ͳͳıͷܳǰ˿ڴ
ŨҵĹ߾ۼγѩ׵Ĺâ˿ڣ˸˿ڣлܹоͷܵԿʼ˳ɳھͷ˵Ȼԣɱˣ㹻֮Ӱиͳģµ֮϶ġ
һİգڶ֮мþͷܿɫĵزôսĿֲˡ
Ҫ֪ͷ˹п˵ȹϵǿľͷҲǽɫˡ
Ҫһ֮Ӱͺˡлĵ
Ļùī걾Դ治֪ʲôı顣
ʱһǧ׿֮Ӱٶǰֻ̣ǵٶȶлԣĺ
һǧ㹻ǻһӵʱܵġ
һѾ㹻Щħˡ
֮Ӱ֮ĵħǳĴлҲֻ΢дˡ
ȻħȻ֮֮
Ŀǰ֮Ӱľٷ֮ʮ֮⣬ħֻ˳ģԶԣлʵͷȣ򲻿ͬն
лۿ֮Ӱ֪ǺʱܹвԼ˫չſңƻһ޵׶նɱĽ֮Ӱĵħͳͳɽش
ҲԵ
Щ֮Ӱٶȿлһʹʱ侲ֹʮսƾ۵ֶνнɱ
Σܹɱ˽֮Ӱ
ĵħҲൽл꼴ӽɫΪɫĸоͬģʣ֮ӰҲԵǿˣôɱģҲʱֹͣ׽֮Ӱٽ
ͷ޾ȫ֮⡣
Ȼޣɱ䣬൱һ·̡
ʣµ֮Ӱ֮УɷսʼʵϣʣµǧһսʵλȣһܹۼʩչĻҲ㹻ɱлġ
ʶΣлһֱӳɱȥ
Ҫ֤Щ֮Ӱеǿ߾ۼǰнЩǿߡ
׼Ϸ˲ϢףλУʵǿĳλ֮ӰϷ
Щ֮ӰõԵ֮Ҫնɱɿʾе֮ǳǿ
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ÿһ֮Ӱ϶ŷǳǿǵ˻ֵ֮ⶸȻѸٵͷųһӿǵĿС
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һʱ䣬ﵽϵ֮ӰжͬһİɫĹ׷׵лƹȥ
δлоԼƺʼʧˡ
ǰлɻĿЩ֮⣬ٿľͷܣЩ֮ˡ
⣡
ǿ֮Ӱ¶ռɱ֮£лֻܽһŵˡ



2023  λ
ʮ׳лԵúСȫ߶֮£ͼѸٵҴ̼ļ֮ͽɫļ֮׷׷֮
֮ں۷弶˱ᣬҪ˵ǿ֮ӰҲǳλʵ޷ˡ
ء
֮۵Ĺ⽣еģͳͳıƣĵħһ֮⡣
Գ֮ӰΪһɱɢĵħǰҪʮϣо֮ⲻǰЩ֮Ӱһɱʮϸ˿֮⣬ֻһ֮⣬ȭͷϸöԣȻǳĿ£֮Ӱ֮⡣
ͷԾǽա
֮׷׵Ļؿλá
õ㹻֮⣬ͷܵҲԵĳɳ

ҵĲţγɵĿ綼ʵ𾳽ĵͽսʼ֮Ӱɢˡ
л͸߿վ۲鿴ܵ
ûʲôġ
ɽЩ֮Ӱͳͳնɱ֮Ӱǿ߱ɱлͿʼͨٶصתơ
Ǻ֮Ӱеǿ߿ʼɱûиκξۼֹлĻᡣ
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ͷܵϵǿλõ˿Ҳ𽥵ֺҲ𲽵ĿʼܹһЩлûʩչ
лһԴԶԶȥĹлĴڡ
ʮǧֻ֮Ӱƿֲлһͨɱ¾֮£ҲӽˣҲʼûеģʱ̹עΧīһ걾ԴǷڰйע
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Ҳõ൱лһȥӦ־ͷܾɾɫ꣬Ͳһߡ
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ǾͷܵĽɫʥԶ޷޸ʵﵽͷɫĵزȫһսĻܹͷ汳ġ
Ũصĵħͳͳľۼ
лɴóƷ龧ʯͨƷ龧ʯдɸΪĵħİŻ
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Щһ˲䣬߿ʯҲͳͳķ飬һصϢƺ˷ӡһӳ߸ռڡ
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ȴ֪Щ󷨵ĿǽЩϢ͸Ӵ֮Ӱ
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һѰ꣬˷Ѫֻ֮һֻӰôܻɱģ
ֻӰǿֻؽ֮ɹģľôʮ𣬻쵰ҵֻӰԵֿܶԿʥ𣬾Һ̬ģ߱ͨʮ屶ż֮磬֮ף쵰˭
˻ŵĹīһ걾ԴʹռڳŻҵħĸԭǸǧɽһٶ׵ķΧһӱһǧˡ
ãƽԭʵݸԵ£ˣҲ̫̰ˣʱҪֻӰĳɳŸģȻֻӰҲǱˣʱҶ壬Ҿ;߱Щʮ屶֮磬֮ףصĶҺ̬ʮһ˷ضǿܣԿֻ֮޸ƵģЩɱʧĸӱ󡣡
һ˫۾˵Ѫɫӹ߿ʯ͸˶Ϊֻ֮ı仯Цˣֻؽֻ֮ǵõǶʱҲʯ֮ᣬ㽫ͳͳնɱʱֻ֮Ȼͷųġ
ŭĹīһ걾Դ侲֮¶һĨɭЦݡ
ʱлѾȫ˴ĵħҲõ˴ȵӳλİɫֱ꣬ӿԽ볤λɫز


2024  ˿ľͶӰ
ʵı仯ȫλģϣһ󾳽ɱ仯ž޴ĲͬлʵȫλģȾսѾ߱ľʯ棬׿췲棬˹߲ʷ֮ˣٲ·硣
олӵ޼ɱֻأɱҲõĳɳ˵ǰлԹīһ걾ԴֻʤĻôڵʤ߳ϡ
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߽˿ľͶӰһնɱĻȷһЩջ񣬶лͬо޴ãᷴܲ
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ֱǰ˿ľͶӰǰ
˿ľͶӰȥʵĽ˿ľûʲô𣬾ͶӰҲʵĴڣõġ
ȿ֮дһ˿΢ķ磬ʹÿ΢ɲĲ
̼ͿͻĽ˿ľǰԼʮ׵һϸ˿ĽɫߣǺˮƵģ΢ķķţûκεĹɿԣʩչǿɵشԽȥ֮ġ
ž
лָһ
һָеһɫ˿ߡ
ɫ˿ߵʱͱĴ۶ϣȴҲֻնһɫߣлʩչ˵£ʮսʵܹģԴжϣǽɫĹ൱
ܵǽɫͳͳĶˣ·̼ܵһ㣬˸ĿĹâͬצĴƵģ˷ƹǾ޴Ľ˿ľҲһ˻
лٵĺˣЩɫʼһ׵Ĳ࣬ǰһ֣еػ⡣
͡
Ľɫ˿߻ػ⣬ǧ棬Ĳƣʹػһ˿˿Ѻۡ
Ǻ֮󣬽˿ľҲ˾޴ı仯


2025  
ػĽɫߵлܶ϶ɫߵ۷弶Ĺ۷оǽɫߵļͶ൱Ŀ£һۣһǾͲһĿֲˡ
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㹻ʱ򣬱ɴﵽͨ켶顣
Ļһͨսʼʱ䣬Ϊͨ켶ɾͨ켶ġ
˿ľȻǽ˿ľĽԴѹʱͨ켶ǰ࣬Ϊ˿ľĴڡл˷ܵشЦ
˶Ľ˿ľǵĽԴ㹻۳ĸͨ켶ĽԴˣļȭ׿սħϵ̵Ĺ񽣵ȵȣһ޴
֮࣬صĳлļ䡣
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չҪġлĵ
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أأ
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ǿ֮£ֻѾѣĸ˿ľսʿһ˻ӴѸٵɱ䣬˿ľԭͣȻѸٵڣͬľһڣһ͵ĹԴ


2026  ĶҪж
͵ĹԴɢŨصϢһһֶʮĸоǾǽ˿ľĸͬػʥҶĴڡ
ľ龧ԴҶԺٶҲؽõһǿĳͷǻ룬ʵлһץ͵ľ龧ԴУнԴ
˿ľṩְľԵ˵ǵҪֱ͵񱦣ܹıľ֮˵һС
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лҲޱߵս⡣
ǳڴ˷ܵǿʢս⣬ҲԶɳռָУȶŵҲչɵļ֮Ҳţڿ񱩵ս
Ҫɱ䡣
Ŀлı֣ͼڵĹīһ걾Դһεıˣ뵽лȻ޷еһŭ𣬡쵰Сӣ̫ˣµĶΪԼ׼ģֻӰͣʮǧֻ֮Ӱɹ˿ľһͨطγɹؼ汸⽣ܣСӸƻˣȵһأڤʯˣԸûƽ⣬ȻĻӸƴ
ΪҪħʱ꣬ΪԼ׼ĺöʧˣīԼܲװܱ
ǻˣǳ۷ɫˣҲԲٽ˿ľսʿսƫƫлеٶý˿ľսʿ޷׷ܶ࣬ӦΧأٽ˿ľսʿױˡ
˿ľսʿҲиߵ֣֮лƾٶƮȥģһӾͷֳʮ֣л·ɣһ༤ս˿ľսʿûжĽ˿ľսʿܹ׷ϼս
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˿ľսʿսлҲ̵ǵһٶʩչٶԶȥ
ʱ򣬽˿ľսʿǿһʾ˿ľսʿٶˣҲһ±ǰĽ˿ľսʿ׿ʮף׷ɱлһ·쭣ܿͽ˿ľսʿ˦һٶס
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˽˿ľսʿٽ˿ľսʿǿģҲΨһһ۷弶ɫʵľʯ棬׿췲һεġ
ǰлľʯ潻ΣûռϷ磬Ϊﵽ˳λҪǷвࡣ
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ǿĽ˿ľսʿ㵱䣬һöľ龧ԴһǰǸıĽԴ
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ƻٶȣҶ壬Ҫ㣬ܹвǼ;Ȼʮ𣬵ʮԲģֻǾ߱ʮһЩ԰ˣҲӦﾭӪôãƾҶԿռһЩ⣬ʩչռȫԽģûʱˣţһ°ɡīĵ
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л㽫һööĽԴľ龧Դռ
һ˿ľսʿṩһöлֺҪСˡ
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лɴһֱ̧һֻض˳ȥ
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ʣµҲʮöԴʮöľ龧Դ
лͳͳܹöԴöľ龧Դл˽ĳ̶жϣöԴȫöͨ켶飬ȻĶ࣬Сһö±񵶵Ҳ̫ģлļȭڱ;飬ںһĽԴﵽͨ켶ǲ̫ѵģԺٵĸҲԽԽǿȭ׵ҪҲǼӳЧˣ񵶽ΪҲνǿˡ
սħϵ͹񽣣ǿ»ع鶥ġ
öľ龧ԴܹҶ֧֣ҶΪлṩ٣ʵؽ˵õİٶȾޱȣܹٶʮƽһܹǧﵽͨ켶ЩͷеţǴ඼ǧɾ;ͷģлʮٶȣǾ˵ʮɾ;ͷˣھѾﵽλʱڼ㣬ò˼ͿԴﵽͷˡ
лû֪ͨīʼڿռڻѰҿǷǾ޴֮ӰĴڣڱ𴦣еĻܹṩĽԴľ龧ԴõЩκһöôˡ


2027  ʯ
Ѱڿռ䣬лδҵκһ˿ľ͸۶ɣҪеĻܶī취ˡ
Ҳֻϵī
лĿռȹīҪǿĶ࣬ǶռС˽ȴԶûйīϤοīﲻ֪꣬϶ѾԼһЩֶΣʩչռ壬кܴܱ¶ⷽ
ƾŶԿռܶ϶ڶռСڣһռС磬Ҳ˵ռСеӵģֶεħڿռ巽ճ̶ѾﵽһлĪĵزΪֹҲܹ۳һսռ䣬޷пٳһռС磬սռİռСȻͬģҲһлԼĶصĿռĵ·
ĵ͹ˡīӰڰУٶƽˣ˵Ҳʲôŭ⡣
лʼ磬񵶣ĵӳȫֶΣǻУҲͲҪΪ񱩾ˡ
ȫֶΣ
īһȻȫţлչֳĶҺ̬ʮȵȣѾǺܶһ޷õһֵģҲЩлȫīܻɣԼܲܳܵˡ
񱩾֣ܲСī˵һ֪ġ
ʲôһǳ磬˭ҷﰡлֹǲɵһͷߴͷʧʮ֮һѡ
Դ֮䣬ŸԵ뷨
лȻǾܵԼڽԼȫ¶͹īͻʱԼ벻档
ðɣұΪ㿪ռţǱʯĵĵطҲħµʱڣҵĲѹסʱ꣬ҲżµɱħµһʱڣһЩڤʯܣҪмǣ֮ͻȻĻڤʯܵпܼʱı仯ı仯ī˵
ڤʯܣʲôҲżİɡл˵
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һϵеıֿīݺֵûɣǷǵԶʥʷһֲͷһ걾ԴҪһʺš
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ܵڿռնɱ˿ľЩ仯ˣī˵
仯Ȼеģн˿ľʱ򣬸оеؿռС磬նɱ˿ľ֮Եĸоˡ
лҶԿռûʲô˽⣬ܸܵ
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ī޷ħµһãµһ걾Դԭ൱ͨ켶λزģֻ֪ΪʲôΪҵ㱻ħĨɱʣһ࣬ǰֻزġ
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֮ԴʯīлеĶѿڽгҪԼ侲ˡ
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л
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ʲô֮ԴʯǾԴ۶ɵһʯͷħ˵ֻҪԵģĺôǣ壬ڰԵ£ȴؼԵԪħ֮Ҫ׽ٱȻʹٶһʮء
лõҶͱ龧ʯṩٶȸһЩöľ龧Դ֮Դʯٶȱؽﵽǰνδеĵزճͷ磬Ҫá
ԭлҲһİʮڳһ¾ͷ磬Ҳһļʰˣأǵǵ꣬Ϊͷ̵ܸʱ䡣


2028  
֮ԴʯʱеľͷŷǷԵˣǵõ֮Ҳܹŷǳİ֮˵õٶǶʮĻôԵܹʮʮٶҲ㹻˷ġ
ʱҲΨеԪھп֮ܵԴʯʱһԵ磬֮Դĳ档
Ϊ֮Դʯ̫ͷսԪˣԴû֮Դʯֹ
֮ԴʯƺڤʯЩáл˵
īҲֻ֪˵֮Դʯ
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ڤʯܶԹīҲõġ
лץ֮ԴʯȻ٣һ֮ȥٶȫӳڤʯܰĻᣬžһ£л㽫֮Դʯڤʯϡ
ҲǷֹ֮ԴʯڤʯûõĻٱ֮Դʯܵƻġ

֮ԴʯڤʯܣǺųƼͿɵֿͨսʼڤʯ̱֮ԴʯѹȵİݣıԴҲ֮Դʯգڤʯ̾ͱһʯ顣
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лһٶһڤʯܽǰͬİ취ڤʯҲһʯ飬ڤʯܸûС
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ħâ֪ˣѹлĸĸлǬ԰˵ܹͬʱ߱סľԣҲӦиߵֵ֮ģʺлֻһԣлȴһƽ⡣
櫵µĶֻһɺϣлȷҶԼԣκγɾͶпܵġ˵һĨɱ⣬ڶ֣˸ɵ
ҡҡͷħûҪɱ˿ɲֹǣοѾ㹻ˣûбҪٶȥ´һ׷ɱ
лܻܿɾ;ͷģһܿ죬һΪͷսǲµġ櫵
ħЦʱˡ
ʵʲô
ħħʹأ


2029  ʱ
ħʹأ
һ㣬ӴħеõһЩͣȫҲû̫⣬Ͼ֪ħѪҲΨдħ֪Ķ
׼𣿡ЩڴЩĽš
ħͷħ޵У֪飬˭֪ħﵽǾͷҲֻһ֮ʱ򣬾͸оһʱնĶͷͷ֮ϣսż飬ҪѰƽ֮ƽܣǾء
أȻ
ԣأƳƶ񻮷ֵĶ֮أԭ˵ħӦṳ̂ģǱħޣǰµ䣬ħǰ㾳磬ͻᱻڣκ˶޷ܵģħ޷ֿ¹İ취ʱ꣬ħԣǽأһ꣬ʮ꣬Ϳ¹ԴҲصӰ죬ħҲĴ㡣ħĵҪ鷳⣬ҪͨµһУܹ߻
ħҪ櫾ϲĵ
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Ըõİ취ĶԿоǾ棬ڶսҲԣЧܲԡ
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лһЦŵľȷЧԭģײһ˲䣬īʹ˿ռַǾ籩ֻǴݻһռŰˣȻ˵īڿռ巽ȫؿռСİ
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2030  ̫͹
ÿռҵĹǾ֮֮ο޼ɱɲͨĿռ壬лٽݾ߳һصĿռ壬ܹ֮һսռ䣬ǹīܹħµؿռСİҲ޼ɱ⣬ǿռСİ޼ɱЧ
޼ɱһ֣ĪĿռֳ
īڿռ巽ȷûжĳɾͣҲΪ̫ʱ䣬ħµؿռСӲĥģյôһЩռ䷽İˣҲ˶ѡ
Сһ֣īе
ϽռͳȥͬʱˣԷʲô⣬Ľܹħɱʱ򣬴ĸԭҲΪմմϲĵط
޼ɱռš
ž꣡
Ծǲģ
ǿռڵĿռһ±㱻ˣΧԼ׵ķΧܵȴĹīӵù죬Ծδȫ㿪һˣɢһЩ΢еģӴܳȥ
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лһ˿Ц⣬ǹīδ뵽İɡ
ոջǿյĵ̹ǵģȫѸٵսԴնɱ֮Ӱĵħͻƿ볤λ֮󣬾ûʩչȫ
ڤʯǡÿ䷢һ¡
ۣĶڤʯܣ˶ȭͷЯۻޱȣлһľʯĸо
Ҳ˵ڤʯܾսԣӦúľʯ֮¡
ܴڤʯܵĻҪľʯ棬ٲʧܡ
˲ָ۷״̬лҲӶȭصĴ˳ȥ
أ
䣬ѿռ䡣
лڤʯͬʱˡ
㣬ôָܻˣѵʥ츳˲ָī׼׼ֵģлȻڤʯܲʤʱ¶ŵı飬
նɱڤʯܣʶһľϲлڤʯһȭȻ֪ԷʵôսȥܹʤҲ֪Ѷʱأ񵶡
ڤʯͬܵ˴̼ĿڵɫȻ˫ȭˡĳײȥǿֲһɽܱһײ̮ġ
չֳǿսˡ


2031  ͸֮ϲ
⣡
չлһ̣κεΣǿϢβ˳ˢܡ
Ҫǿս
һĹīҲ׼ˣȴᣬʱ֡
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޴תȦڣڤʯϳѺֲۣŰһЩֱڤʯеԴ֮ء
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޼ɱ
ڤʯܰ㴭ϢĻᣬл׼õĶ⶷ٶȴȥ
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վеڤʯҲ̳˱
ռ仯һƬƬƬĴķ裬ЩƬɢͿڤʯܵ˫Ѿռնϣǰһһ׵ľ޴֣ͷһƬǽ壬ֲ٣еԴԾûбС
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Ҳãǽ͹ںϲµ񽣡лһ£ҲȷˣҪ̷ǿսʥ֮Դİ뷢ӳǽڷӳǹ񽣻ָͨ켶زôں֮󣬽ԹΪġ
ܹʹõҲսħϵͼȭˡ
ȫöԴͳͳó
ʱ˿̣ܷħѾʼɢˣһڲ᳹ʧģܸġ
ԴֻҪԾ۳飬Ҫ뽫벻ͬԵڣҪС˵
лɡ
񵶣ȭ׵òôˣҼȭҲֻǶսʼҪͨ켶Ҳô׵ġ
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Ҳ飬ǿյȻһֱĵͬʱҲԼľͷų뵶ںϣ漴ǵɢһöĽԴ
ܵĽԴزҲһƯǵ£˴ں۳һĨӲӵĵ⡣
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顣
һĨ紦ֳֳսħϵĹӰǱлҲѷɫһķâ͸ֱƵɳռָĵҪӵԶ


2032  仯

̼ܵȻʴԼʮ׵ĳ̣һĨĿĵһ±ܷħ󳷽ʮ׵ľ룬˵ء
սħϵҲ̼ܵһķĵƺܲҪսһ㡣
񵶣΢棬չֳͨ켶
սħϵվǱ۶Ϲģδȫʣ㱻ѹȥˣȻսħҲҪѷɫһЩġ
ܣһ֮л񵶵һͷҪսħϵĴ̼γ񵶡
ͷһðҲԶˡ
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ˢ
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ôһ˵˱˴˿һۣһܡ
ԣлʵ
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ڵʱõһʹʥڵ徫зһЩʮңҿͻҼޡӥ˵ĺ֣ء
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ӥлһۣ¶ɫ
ԣһ
ô𣿡л۵ˣøƽϣȻôǾͰһ°ɡ
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лüѾҾȫʮˡ
˵Ŀˢˢ棬Ҳŷ˾ģӦÿӥɱ仯Ŷԡ


2033  б֮Ҷ
񵶷Ѿչֳⷽз˾ӹɵģҶܿ
ӥҲڴĿ⿴л
ľл񣬺лôƵġ
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Ժжðôĸ֡
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2034  ǻ
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ħʱ걻ϵ֮Ҳ׵ɢڣǧɽ⿪ţûκεвԡ
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ŵҲѾҵǧħµĶĸΧŷлûзӦ
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̵ͷǱͲˣ


2035  ̫
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⻰лȻ١
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֮󣬱ҹл͹ĽɽֱҹǼĻʹ


2036  ֶ
ҹǼĻʹѾˡ
ľҹǼ峤ҹ۷ɫǿߣĺ׳ʿһ˸һأңҹǼߵģ˵յйأǴҹ֪ܶҹҲֻ֪Ҳǻйأֻҹܵǻصٶȣҹƺ
ȴҹҹǼϣҲǳ۷ɫļ뱻лɱĴϣͬȾ硣
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лһһץһĨƾճ֣ͬʱȭбȥ

һȭҹľ޽ǿս֮£Ǿ޽ԲһƫлҼ£Ҳлеޱȡ
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ɽˣеĸֶƵ׷ɱǵٶпܿǷعǵصϮɱȥ
лĹƮȥƾٶȣûһܹҲ¿쭣ԶԶľͿЩƹҹǼĸְΧ˫ûпս
Цһӿһû˵ĵطֱû¡
֮˱ͨٱҹǼˣɱҹǼ֮˵·ϣ˰ΧȦС
˰ɱ峤ϣֵɱǣле
ɱǱ𣡡Ҳµ
˵䣬ɽϿһЩҹǼҪԱĺ޷ǾΪҹΪϱҪɱЩΧȦڵ˶ѡ
ҹǼ̱ˡ
ȵȣᣡ
侲Ҫɱˣһ顣
۷徳ɫĸִ˫侲
лЦһȺУϵس֡
ʵȡ͵Ϯķʽһ֮£ҹǻǷĻܽնɱҪ˵۷µĸˣÿγֱһգۼʮ˱ɱлٰոҲɱҽʬ¡
ˣҲò֡
һɱսʹ˿ʼ
л̿ҹǼҪԱ֮ɱ˱նɱ֪һսѾƽϢˣ˱Ȼ뿪ɽѰ塣


2037  ֻؽͷ
ڴҹܵļУɽأĴǳϼģһǳΪ峤֮󣬽нǻ֮һһĵط𾳽磬ᱻУΪںϵʱ佫ȵ
лҹǼսʱţѾܵɽǵҪĿأܹںʱĽء
ȻлҲڿĽ׶Ρ
ʱעŵ˵ж
ȵ׼뿪ⳡսʱŵѾͨǴڽƽ⣬սħϵնһڵһ鲻۵ʯеĿռС硣
һʯͷϿٿռС磬ȻҪǷĿռſÿռܹն飬Ҳһ㣬ǿռСҲֻǿγɰɣǴڿռ巽Ҳǳޡ
ռС飬һö
ǺȻ塣
һ֣л̼ӿٶȣգۼڡ
˽ҹǼҪĵط֮һһֱΨҹܽģԴ˴һЩ֮⣬ûʲô˽֮˰ں֮⣬Ҳûʲôƣûʲô˶Ȥ
Ȼնɱ
﷽Բ߰˰ڣһˣ֮ɽ´սʹô˵ؿյģԵúǰ
лʱѾðһǿ꣬ͷųֲѹѹȵŵ˽ڽںˡ
ǳǿ߾߱ƣ͵ʵѾԽĸֲӵеѹ
лӵð˵
ͬӿǿƣ걾Դ⣬ɱ֣еѹԣ걾Դеѹˣ걾Դǹīıɡ
ʶң걾Դһ£漴Ц֪ˣǲǼǧɽۣµһ걾ԴȻˣ˵ħµʱѾǸݻ˰ɡ
˵û㻹ܼǵһ걾Դǧɽ⡣лƽĵţܹ걾̽һЩܣȾʵҪɱ׵㣬Ҫܣȡ䣬ǳ˵Ρ
걾Դĵˣˣܹ֪֮ҵ֣Ǿֻпܴ֪ģҲɱһ걾Դɡ
лûɱ㡣΢һ٣˵Ҫһɡ
֪ͺá걾Դߵ
һ֪㿴ҵһۣҪ壬ͬһ걾ԴһͷлЦеĵ
걾Դ΢һ׾ͺá
ʼ磬лҾ壬ʣܴɣǾͷҪվϣܹлشҼ⡣
ûȤ걾Դһ
ãǳ֮ͨʮ۷弶һսл걾ԴȻǣţƾҵʵ㲻Ķ֣˵أаյģٺ٣ǻ޷뿪ƬɣȻĻˣαʱб¶Ŀء
걾Դвң
лƲƲ죬вסǻ֮սΣ֪㾳ﵽ˾ͷҲֻܹԹԵطӳˣɱ˲ˣںһ
ˢ
Ŀ¶׹걾Դһһл
ݲñ˶ָֻš
л΢΢һЦңҺ̬̳
籩
һĨֱȥֻΣȻһʮ𸲸ǣתźХȥԣ걾Դˡ
лʮսʵʱҺ̬൱ڳλģʵҺ̬ȻҲӣֻǲԣ볤λ֮Һ̬ҲǴﵽ۷徳ļ𣬴´ͻƣ¾Ҫ뾳൱ˡ
в۷徳Һ̬ʮԶ
걾ԴȻδ뵽ʮǰȻһ٣ȭ˹ȥ꣬ûжս֮˵
أ
һȭ֮£Ǿ籩㱻飬걾ԴҲһ˿ɢʧһЩƮ߰ײסΡ
лЦеĵҼȻаմ㣬Ҫ˵뿪˵أǸ׾٣شһ⣬ǹƽһս
˵걾Դ
ֻؽͷ˭л
ֻؽͷǿʱףӦֻؽطļ̳ߣǺܻܿ˲ַлǿܻȥԼĳɹ
бǣгһգվҪͷģǰ֪˵Ȼĺô
ãҸ㡣걾Դߵ൱ƣ˸вƽһξһԶͨһͷһħ
лһ𣿡
걾ԴŭƭıҪ𣡡
ûƭңлʵ㣬ԶͨͷħʱԶʥʶҪ磬λֻؽͷħǰǿܸԶʥʺֻؽĻᣬοܸԶͨͷĻᣬء
֪ƺٰ걾Դ
֪ˣƭ˶֪лߵ
ɫĮȻ걾Դ˵һ飬˵ʵ
л鷳һĽ͡
Ըл֮ģɿ׷ʣ걾Դ뵽лǰ뿪ĿܴĸΧԼǾˣ˵˵ֻؽͷиݵģҪͷ֮ϣԴݻʱΪۣȡ羫ħ綼ǵĿֻ꣬Ǻħ类ǧħֹδܳɹʱʮ类żĲ֣а类ľʹǵļƻʧܣδԸͷ֮Ͼİ취Ҳˣǰ궼޸Ҳ籣żȵٶȵͷ֮󣬱Ȼֻؽ磬ûǣзֻؽ磬˸޷룬Ȼǽµһ飬Īļٻꡣ
걾Դ˵лǰīһ˵ĻԱһ£ȫԴȥģҲ˵˵ġ
ôֻؽͷľԶͨͷħˡ
˵ԶͨͷĻȷлĲ²֮УԭǺܾǰ֪ʱеĹҶ˵ʱɵĻģ۴һ棬ֻؽŷǳܵϵ⣬ħô£ǵĻƺ̫ˡ


2038  Īħ
лʣ걾ԴȻ壬õЩʱҲƣһ⣬ڻ
걾Դ˵ٻ꣬ǵı𼸺ûжǼٻʾܴϱһУбһ˼룬Ҫ˵֪ԶʥʣǴٻ֮˵Ҳֱ治ԶʥҲǺɵ飬ǵıֻؽ磬ʱʱݻٲĻ֮δȫΪͷ֮ȫߵĻ壬֮֮󣬱֣ʱڵ磬ΪԶͨõ
ʵȻǿܵĴˣԶʥǿǰһֱţ׶֣±ʶƣοʱħǿһֱѰҪǰϧδʶԶֻͨؽͷ֮һֻʶͷƫƫͷĻ֮ʼûһζԾȵԶʥʱΧ˶ʱûлָ۷ʱڣǷȫָֻԼ֪ˣԶ϶ǣһȫָûκεĽչʵҲȻﵽ˾ͷ壬ԶǵνľͷܹԿġ
ħȽ⣬˵ܴͬأ뿪ֻؽ֮󣬱֮пޣػ۷壬ҲΪʲôѡΪһʱ갲õصԭ򣬿ɲ֪Ϊʲôħֻ֮ʮָ꣬۷״̬Ҳνľͷ¼ǸǼٵģΪħǾͷֻҪָһ±ˣص۷״̬ħȻҪػֻؽ磬õͷۼʱͷ֮ϣֻؽѾ˵ӡˣΨնɱͷܹȥǲħĴսնɱͷ鷢ԭ֪ͷ˭
ҳͷȫԽնɱģɲ֪ģħڳ֮ǰͻȻҵľ棬ʧȥ˳ֻᣬԴͷͨ壬δħĽսһΣħ֪أȴ֪ľȻȥǰ׼òأҲٳֵʱѾûʱˣֻܹʱꡣ
걾Դ˵ЩлҲ겻ѡ
ʷƺܼ򵥣ʵĶԹʵǸӵĺܣħÿһԶĿԵģʲôģ·褣췽褵ս֮ģǻӣĿĵģҪ׷ɱֻؽͷġ
ֻһ⣬ңʲô˼
ҡл
˵꣬걾ԴϵҲ˵ܣħԼܹ𡣡
ҲôǱ֪ĻûԸħҲô鷳ģл֪ģ
ش⣡걾Դߵ¼ٻ꣬ԶʥʷеĻᣬҲԶʥܹʶƣԶʥʻع˼֮󣬱ΧˣҰг֣ʥ룬ñ˷֣ȻˣǵĿǶȡʥģֻԶʥ̫ǿ󣬶ǵԶûлָֻʥ뿪Ҫĳżģ֮ħµֱӽʥģΪ淢֣Ƿħµʱ꣬ųֵģҲöڷıԶͨļٻһ꣬żһٻ꣬꣬Ҷһ꣬Ӷõڵм䡣
л˵ħʯӵħһ꣬ҹⱭеͷһˣҵħҹⱭɵõһ꣬ӶõǵһЩ䣬ҲͿʶͷ˭ˣ
ͷлĵǣһֱĴʥһλǿߵڣ޷侾
ҹⱭħʯҪҵҵġ걾ԴЦ
лЦҹⱭѾˣڡ˵걾ԴҲϸעЩƫĵһ˲䣬лȻǰȥٶȷӵ˼޵Ķ壬ԭصĻӰͬʵһ㣬Ѿ걾ԴǰҪѰܵ걾Դȡļ䣬֪Ķ
ٶȿνǳ졣
ɱ
ͻĹУ˫Ӷ
ݡ
һƬ裬գֱ걾Դȥ
걾ԴԭˣҪڽͨһлʧ񣬴Ӷֵģû뵽ȻлǰʹãӦǿ죬лչֳٶǳܹӵٶȡ
ӦٵĶҷʱʮѾ
ۡ
ǿɱרĿֲؼ
ɱ壬ֵͬһһӱ㽫걾Դش˺ѡ
ƵУ걾Դ꿪ʼģܲʵ걻˵ı֡
лٸһɨ
޼ɱ
ռѣ걾Դ
걾Դ²֪ٵգۼģ壬Ƶľ
֣лٴγ֣һץ걾ԴȻԵ걾Դĺܣвˣʵս춼ɵػˡ

㱻նɱлҪȡļ䣬Ǳľ棬걾Դŭѡ
ԭʱܱɱ걾ԴȻһƬ貵ܣһĨŲʹ⻪ţɲǼ»ָ۷壬׺ݵһȭл֮ײ
лû뵽æ߶ȫս
أ
ս֮£ƽã꽻档
ǿӽ㱬л߰˲סΣ걾ԴҲ
;Ųʷ˵ԡϣȻԴﵽʥ츳˲ָЧл
걾Դ֪̫ˡ
շ
ŭٶֻ࣬ٽ
ֳҲΨлܹ֮⣬б̵ʥ֮Դʥ֮ԴһܷлǸء
ۼлͷų
֮
ϼ֮ͼ֮׵ںɱһѷ֮ɶһС
أ
֮ѣ걾ԴҲǱʹһ󵹷ɻȥ־ҵĲܺ;ŲٶȸֳҪлָġ
ܣл񵶣ȥ
걾ԴָĻᡣ
ۿյȻһĨնɱ񵶡

񵶵ﻤ˸һĨ⺮ԶʣΪлһץס˳ֶ걾Դնȥ
ݣ
ոӿԶ֮ڣٶȿķ·δֹ֮ϱ̺޼᲻ݵصն¡


2039  ʮı仯
֮һУҲãҲգκεĶǰʧȥκεЧãͨ켶ƣųһǰǷӵ쾡¡
˸ĺâ걾Դеһ˿˿иʹ
ɱҪطѸٻָ۷걾Դֻѡʱıãñһնɱ
ٵĵˡ
лٵ׷Ҳûзӳȥңָ걾ԴɱĿֲһ

Ѹ͵ȶƵ磬ʹлٶһ˲Ϣﵽĵز
ȫͻգۼȽ걾Դ
ˢ
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걾ԴŭһȫѸٵģ⵲ǰ
屾Ҳųĺ⣬һӰ֮УʹǷ⵲ӵǿ
ˣ֮£̼߽⡣
ӦҲ̶ܴȵлĵλҲն걾Դһ½նΪ롣
ʱٶȴȵ
ȵٿ걾ԴѾޱȵȥģͺ˱Ƶһǰлشһͬл֪Էӵطܹ˲ָԲκε뷨Ҫ˼Ҫնɱһ֣Ź㵽ˡ
಻ĹƳˮ㣬һһһǿһѩ裬ûа϶¶
ˢˢˢ
ÿһ걾ԴӹһƬɫɢ걾Դƾͻٶ˥һ֡
˲Ϣһʮ
걾ԴҲʱ̣޷Ͼû񵶶йʹϵơ
ˢ
ȵһʮ֮лĹȻһ䣬ǴĿ쵶նɱתƶն
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ұлģݵѩɫʥڳˡ
ڰ֮ΧʥףһлĲӳҲǲϵǿš
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һٶȽ걾Դı顣
ƬĴķɢڿвϵʧ걾ԴϵؼУҲ߿Ƭǿǿܹ۳һģӰϸĻΪһӰӣꡣ
Ҳ걾ԴѾķǳأһĵز
лһ첽ٶץ걾ԴܵлҪ뷨Ȼһ֮£Ļˡ
𡭡걾ԴĿлƵغðͷ壬ҲҪ汳
ѸٵѹһɳϢϱŷϢ˴˽ϣʱһлδȻһ㷢˱ը
ãߣ
лһоǣⱬըɽը
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걾Դһų貵Ĺâ΢΢ȻȻɢγһ⻷ɢȥǿıըǽɽĳ춯
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Ǽ֮Ѹٵ˷ɢȥвֱ͸͸߿գǷɱҲûˡ
ֱ߳µл򱣻Ҳȫʹ·˸ʹܵĺܣͷ˵һƬհףʹȥ
˲ָָܿ۷壬ûһ£ܵôصĴ
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ɽԼɽ׸ɽͳͳıΪƽأµֻһƬǽ壬ҹǼ嶼ˡ
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ЩĸҲͳͳڴˣһ棬лӵùˣˣ֪δ֪£⵽ҹǼعܹߣһǿֲȻǱɱˡ
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һжˡ
߼һЩװ֮Ķδ
˵ȱըȻע⣬л˲뱻ע⵽ʩչһ˵뿪ˡ
Զɽһٶǧɽһɽڿٳһ޴Ŀռ䡣
δȽռ俪ϣлڱͷųŨ֮зǳŨһɾŲ֮
лľԵģ˻нͷųϢɣ˷ѡ˵
ޱȴ֮ȻǺܶ࣬ҶĻźܴģлҲûƴǣҲ졣
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ʮ죬лҲһ
λɫڿɫꡣ
ʵҲлս˵ǴȵǿԴ֮󣬻֮ڣаջκһˣľʯ棬׿췲棬˹߲ʷ˵ȵȣΪʵԭǷ籩˳ǿлڸǰ
ͷųҲʼٵļ٣Ѿ˶ˣҶ֧֣ǵٶȲû̫ļ
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Ų֮ûбգʵ
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ھܺ;Ų֮Ϊǻᱻȡģû뵽񵶶ԾŲ֮ûκյļ
ûУŲ֮ľܱ걾ԴõĲˣΪաлЦһͷųĴŲ֮ûɢǱսռһЩŲ֮һӶӿڣսںϣŲ֮һЩҵսнס
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лսѾǶʮ屶ٶȽףҲʮսѾֲܹĲ࣬ڳλɫľ磬ʮսԿԺɨ֮κһ֡
ûףл϶ĵֻϧһ㡣
ЦҪɳʣҪȥ壬սҲҪפزˣעҪͷһˡ
лһЦ̴սռ߳
ʮ˵ûжôԵǿûҶֱ̬ļΪ񱦡
߳л㽫ó׼һоһ£Ƿʲô֮


2040  İ
ǰܹƭԶʥʣɲǼٻʥİҺܿؼá
ֻؽǿǹصһ硣
崴ģŷǳĿģɿʱҲḲˣܹͷѡУԻԶʥʣ֪ŶôٲƱǰ򵥡
βҳİ֮л˵
ڳ֮ˣҪ磬˶˼磬Ǹһٶ磬ԶڰǰһЩ֪ķǳޡ
ʶڴĿͶš
ʥҵȷ˵࣬һصżҲõһµĶǷУõĶǷʵģҲûжٰա˵
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ŵΣյûУ滹һꡣ
ԭŵԶͨһ꣬ż褵ĹȻī걾Դʴī걻ɱһȻѾˡ
ȷûһ˿ˡԣⷽ滹ǺзȨġ
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رһԺյս߷ʹʥʹսռ仯Ĺԡ
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ʱ䣬лҪάսռ䣬޷뿪㽫ͳȥͨħռ鱨
Ѿʮ죬Ҳڻعƽֻƽ棬ǸӿİΪҹⱭѾճ̣Ҫʮ֮ʽһϵǣƷֻҹⱭĶҪԡżƷ
Ҳ˵׿췲ᡣ
ħ鱨֮⣬ɽһαըǰлľŲըֻ֮ܽܳĽ൱ĳݸжϣܿܽҪʮ֮󣬻֮Ҫٶȿ˴ģĽ룬Ҳ߳ȥˡ
ԭҹⱭűճ̵ġ
бǣл飬׽ν˵ڲì൱̶ȵ񣬸ΪҹⱭʱƽϢǱ˴˼İδֻΪ׿췲ͻȻᣬʹǲò侲блʧ٣ҲʹǶ侲лͻЩǽ
ȻΪ䶯ľ緽ķ⵽׼ҺͶϮɱѾȫһʣ
ְЩڴˡս˷ܵص
лЦİǾ뿪ظ񵶣Ҳȥפˡ
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ȥ׸ֶûĵ㲻֪פڸܹնɱȻɫûһ٣Ҳаʮֻܸл鷳ҿ㻹ʵʵ취ʵɡ
ȻЩʵˣսҲֻεԴ
פؿɲʲôеġ
лħռʲôϢ
УɫĵפȨ߲߲ʷˣ
߲ʷˣôܣ˭ܹƿطפأսԣȻ
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˷ǰзķǣƿص֣ҲһЩħޣʵҲ൱ǿᣬǳ۷弶ûмɫƺֻ߲ʷˡ
߲ʷˣһˣ˵ĺ࣬ܿ϶Ȼһİգ˵˭ʱûŪħ巽ȫѲ飬ò̫ãԽ˸ڳ
巽Ҫرעˡл
ǰפһУǡÿԿô¡
̼˵鱨ûʲôҪ̫עģҲ׿췲Ѿý˿ľһսħսűЩƬ൱Ķࡣ
׿췲ǻ֮ǱΣգǿҪСģòҪͻл
ҲʵãӦ
̵һϢ׿췲Ѿ˴ϢҪ㣬ϣܹ͹⡣
ңлЦսħϵսħԾҲãȥء
ʵлɵ׿췲ˡ
ǽ̸ûãսռڴŵϢ
лϽսռ䡣
žȵӣл˱֪ſ϶һЩջġ
ʲôջ񣿡лʵ
Цһջ񣬵ҵãջ񲢲Ǻܶ࣬һȷҲһջˡһ£ڴĿ⣬˵ʥʵҲʮеɳΪµĵһ񱦣˵ǿռ򵽼޴ͨںϣһ磬ֻؽôġ
˵νʥֻؽγɵĸڣлʵ
ˡ˵
ռ弫޴ʥһȫµ硣
ǺεȵǴڵ֪ģǾԲŵġ
ʲôջ񣿡ս׷ʵ
ŵбǣܹʥãһ̺µһ˵ܹһΪ֮ĿֲѾٵܷԭ֪ڶֻؽԴľܵõһؼҲ˵лҪ֮׽ףõʥȡ侫֣ԴΪɳɾס
ףҪл֮Ǿܹﵽͷ֮Ͼ磬ҲԽ˸նɱˡ
л˵Ҳܡ
սõһЩ㣬ľȻģﵽһ̶֮󣬿תΪľṩ֮ףʹɳġ
ʥõ
лﰵԷģǽһֱ
İҲŪôһ㶫л˵ѾǷǳѵˡ
Ǳ뿪ǧɽ
ţսعʹפأԼıԺֶѾа塣
ͬл˵Щ׸
лݣ̻ع׼פأȻԼıԺ뿪˵أع鱾ݣֱȥ
õսף񵶿ɰγʵľŲ֮ͷ˾Ҫȥ󣬻׿췲


2041  ʮ
פķʱפѾ׵Ļٵסλڻ֮һֵׯ԰ڣԾפţ˼սݣǲݵľ棬˵ħ磬ǵԵЩϾǰ̫ˣվҪһ¶ġ
λׯ԰ĵķׯ԰ڣⶼŻ棬Ѳߵǳλĸ֣ׯ԰Żǽ涼Żãܹӷǳǿá
бл۲鿴ȥׯ԰ĵ¾ȻһЩƣׯ԰ڣ´һ׵лȼţǵرȴûʲô仯Ҳʹ÷ׯ԰ڣ֮źܴģлȴǾģƻʩչַ
ֻڵֻĻȷ鷳ھеܵơлºЦ
˷ׯ԰ֵĵط
ףȻׯ԰ֵķΧ
л۲ׯ԰ڵһеط
طʩչ˷⵲л޷͸ĵطĹ۲졣
ȥлͷڷׯ԰һطһңλڵ´ʮ׵ǽţһ󷨣Щ涼оŲʻȼţתṩǾŲϼ⣬ϵ͸ӵڣʹȫɢŨľŲ֮һĨŲš
ħ鱨˵ڷ壬ȨĲ߲ʷˣһ࣬ѵ˵ľˣлһ뵽һֿԡ
ǷˣеľŲ𣬾ʾݲһ㡣
лҪľŲ֮ԽսҪķ˾ɳʣȻҪ
ˡ
һţлû£´Լׯ԰·ֱǸҵĴֱλãŻϡ
ףǵ»档
ֻ
Ƿǳ߼Ļַܹ£˵תԻ֮һأ漶ԽߣٶȻԽ졣
˵صĻͼļ֮
ͼģѾ߼ˣٸ߼һļ֮Ǻںϵġ
лȻһЦμ
ػ⣡
һĨĽȫ⼫֮뿪˼ڵǱУֻҪصĵطԶеģֻΪģȻġ
лܿҵ·
ҵĵطδУΪǽľŲ󷨣ȻǷͬһġ
Σոܹĸоŷǳµһ룬ͿƻڵзʽкܴĿܸѡ
뵽лó񵶡
ҪԽңӵر˱󷨲ͻˡ
֪񵶸ոó̴лǰ
ͣ
ŵʾȻǽϡ
Ȼ񵶲ûжǽڣֻǲ棬ЩŲŵ󷨱ѸٵĵתͷųľŲϼһԶıգл㿴еķ˻ѸٵĳһĨĹΣʮʷͼҲޱȵֵģƺʱܷξ죬бǵʱ滹һ㵭Ļš
ߣ
һĨͬը춯ߴڴ
Ȼ۾۷âϾŲϼʢĹûΧǽ档
ˣ
Ҷ
Щ󷨵ҲҵĲƺҪǽȥǸŵľŲҲ׷׵ǽڣˣȻƿžŲ
лһĻҲһ
ŲǿǾŲʷ˾߱ģ˵࣬Ƿ棬ûܹվŲġ
˾Ȼˡ
ӿŵĶǼžŲϼ⣬ԶѾܱͨˡ
ѵǾŲʷ˵л˲һЩ뷨

лܹ߱Ų֮ĵһͷ
ŲȻǴ˾߱ģģؾŲȻûǿ񵶡
ܵ˵ǣŲѸٵĻع飬Ǹոǽڣ񵶵ʮʷ̷һķǾŲ̻ĹӰû֮ڣֻգۼĹǷ˻ɢϢһ޶
񵶳ʣܵκεӰ
Ҳ֮
û񵶵ǣƣЩŲŻعˣѾʧȥֻΣûˡ
ʧȥŲػлץ񵶱˽
ಣ
ƺҲ֪Ųع飬ʧȥˣ˱Ȼһһʱڿն𣬱ҡ
л޻أ
Ͽմ
ȻӰ٣ҵϷȻһС͵صķǳȻл۹۲죬Ҳѹ֣ҲоŲǽǳ˲пֱܷлӵˮƽܿġ
ˣԾӿžŲϼ⡣
ŲϼǿǱȾŲ֮ҪĶ̺ԡģлվŲϼ⡣
ϼ壬ͷųЩŲ̱֮ʹлսɱ䡣
սת䣬ٵͻƼޡ
лȫϼ֮УȥܲʵսܵĳӰƵĿ
𣡡𣡡
ը졣
л̲ŵ֮Ȼ۳Ǳ͵ħʵӰҷתѸٵĳ
֮˴˾ţǾŲϼȻʼһǿѹƺҪŲϼⶼһ㡣
žŲϼľ壬лսҲɱ䡣
ʮ
лڳλɫʵ볤۷ɫĲҲʮ屶Ĳֲ࣬ս㹻лܹѹһгĸ֣񵶳ʣʲô޼ɱɱȵȸ϶ѾپκεĶ֣һ۷ɫĸ֣Ҳлʤļˡ
ʵȫлȫӿǿս⡣
εսⴥ֮һӱ㽫ʣľŲϼͳͳѹС͵ڵľŲ𶼸ǣ
ž꣡
˵µСʱѿ
һܻҲлģͲҪٵǵ
Ҫͨлսһ
ΪŲ𱻰룬δԸ
лȻһЦ£ֻ֮;ŲϼѾ˰Ȼĵز
ν֮Ǳ͵ħʾеϢ̺һ˿־ڵģŲϼԼžŲʷ˵һ˿־Ѿˣ᲻ɱ
һ΢ľŲŲϼ֮ǾŲϼҲ۳һŲʷ˵ӰȻ֮ԽԽǿпʼѹ֮


2042  ɷ
֮ʼմƣѹȾŲϼ⣬лҲǶ̺־Ǻģô⣬ֻҪŲϼ⳹׵ķ飬ˣû뵽֮ѹ£ǾŲϼںһ߾ŲȻ۳һŲʷ˵Ӱ
лսľŲʷ˳˷ɫЩ֮⣬û̫Ĳ𣬾ŲʷνľŲָеĻ棬䱾оɫŲϼ۵ľŲʷоɫģŲɫ˴Ӧš
ܵѹȵľŲʷ˼ɷ
ֻһ£ľ޴չ֮۵Ǳ͵ħ֮ѹҷʼʳǡ
лġ
ܹ֮Һ̬ģȻҺ̬ȫãԺ˭Ҳ֪ǷиҺ̬õһǿأһ˵Ǿ֮Ǳһ˿΢ϵǱ𣬱ȻǱĸӦʱͿΪлʲô֮ѣͳĿռһмƻͿܱƵġ
ž
л̽ץס񵶡
ʣɽŲʷ˵Ӱն顣
Ͼֻһһ־ϢɵģĴڣҲûʲôս֮ͬһֻܹѹһ壬лƣҺ̬Ҳ˶ѡ
˻
Ųʷ̷֮һ˻ƺڶлƽԴһֿ顣
Ҳһ˲䣬Ǳ̷֮һ˻ſڶŵħ֮Ȼһ
ಣ
ħ֮ʱ㻯һûǱ֮ڣʹѸٵٵļӴһ±˾Ųʷ֮
𣡡
Ǳ֮лλ÷һŭ֮Ϳлǰֵ̻ɽӰ
ոһ֣Ǳ̶֮һڡ
̻֮ӰһϢûУǱ֮Ѹ͵ĳɳһ±ѹŲʷ֮
˻
Ųʷ֮Ҳһ˻
žžž
ҵǽͳͳıѣ̺ŵһ˿˿΢ľŲĻҲ׷׵Уٶȴﵽƽز
ͬʱ񵶵ͷӰҲ֮Ӧ

һϵϤڴ
渡ֵĺȻʵӰ
ǰлȻ
ʵӰɫȻǵҴ߶µĿɹһں񵶵ʱʱڵһʶҵʱ䲻࣬Ҫ廰˵֮һʶ棬Ϊ񵶵ĳɹҵԤϣѾﵽͨ켶Ķ壬һΪļ̫ߣ޷䵶̺ŵڵɱ⣬һʶҲһ־УǿѹסҪȫѹһ־Ҫ϶ʮʷ˵һ־ſԣսͷʱǿнһҺ̬ڵʮͽӥ̺ŵһ˰Ľͣǿʮʷ˵Ϣһо߱Ҳﵽƽ̬֮Ӵ֮ڵɱ⽫ѹơ
ɱ޾ɱԹǿѾﵽĵز֮棬ɽĨɱбڵõľŲʷ֮Ǳ֮ҽͨڵǴﵽʺʮʷ˵ĵزõ֮󣬿԰ػĺôǡͷġ
˵˵ţˡ
µһʶ㳹׵ɢ
лҲδʲôǿԿ϶ػķ϶ã÷ǳ֮
һʶʧڵͼų貵Ĺ⻪ѸٵɢȥǱ֮;Ųʷ֮߿ʼɱ䡣
ڽű仯
ķפڵĸֶѾۼˡ
оŲһ£߲ʷڵַ׷׵ĳʩչŲڵĵرռµļ֮Ҳȫİ
նɱлȡ񵶣ĵ͸һӵѹ
߲ʷ˵Ӧǡ
һ뿪ˣһҪһ£ʽأڴڼ䣬Ҳϣҡ
Ŀʧ߲ʷ˵ȲųһŲȻѹá
ϰƶлļƻУ߲ʷ˳
ǣ
һȺ˺ͷͬʱӦǡ
һ۷ɫĸһٶˣвֻħׯ԰ϿѲߣֹ˵š
ĸ԰Ԥõļƻȫж
Լ֮ˣ˶Ѿ͸λ߲ʷ˻ܣÿһѾ׼֣
ˡ
̼䣬еֺͷ˵ͳͳ貵Ļ棬ͼҲ߼Ǵɵļ֮
ɫĻһԶû¡
߲ʷ˵Ҳ߲ʻ棬Ļ⣬һӱ͸档
䡭
ؾҵĲ
ŹĸڵرÿһɫͬиɫĻ۶ɵģ߲ʷ˻£һӱ߱ϣγ󷨣ȫ
˻
߲ʷ˷һ춯ص˻
Ϳȫתҷ¡¡𶯵ĴضʼһѺۣڵ¸žҵлڵҾȻܵǿǣشӵڵر
عرܵļ֮ҲѸٵĻعرǻںϣγɸΪӴĻƬľŲ֮ڣʹþŲٵﵽһǳµĵز
⻷ڣ֮ʵԳˮƽӡ
ǻ֮˽ܵǳĴѹ
֮£ҵǽҲ͸Ƹյ͸ܹ龰
һжлĸ֪֮С
ûҸرʱѡ뿪Ϊ֮ۻδоǶԼʵģȻؼһǣѡ뿪ܵȫĴѹϾŵġ
Ǳ֮;Ųʷ֮񵶵ĸ֮£һӵʱ䣬ɱ䣬֮ʮʷ֮ͳͳлڣʹлܹĿǡ
Ϣ߱ĹǶǾзǳǿĸõġ
ֻ֪ǵѹص㣬ܹػãƺһ棬Ҫлȥ
Ϣ壬лжˡ
û뿪ͨ۹۲
޴ľŲڣʮǿߣг۷徳ˣʮ˾ǳλĸ֡
֮⣬ھŲ棬ҲѾׯ԰ڵƹ¸ֺҲׯ԰ֵע⣬ϾŲ֣̫أȻ˵ע⣬˶ԶΧţ׷嵽ʲô


2043  ѹ
ڵлӣһ㲻
ÿһ˶ʵǿĸ֣һţ֮ҪϾŲķ֡
Ⱦ£лûаĽţóҶ
лػǴĻ棬ҲЧġ
ʵлԴǻ벻⡣
˷Ѱ壬νʵٽκλ֮ڵĸַʶȵͬħɽ˿ǣţֻ£ͨҶͷŵŨϢٶǷǳ˵ġ
ĳˮսлĲѹ
лɣܲˡ
ЩһҪ
һЩַ׷״ȡ
лûлӦֻǾ
ٶŭ߲ʷˣ͸͸ǽڣлƺ֮󣬸Ǳòʹȥ
̫ˣ
ŭ߲ʷ˷һ˻
ʮλĸó˱ǸնұӶһʱŸɫ渽ŵĹ¡¡ҽȥ
˹߲ʷ٣޷⵲ġ
һֻܴ󣬿ʮֵǾͻٳɶ࣬;ˣȻҲаͷֿɱͷ˵
䡭
ҸܲסѹȣȻ顣
лǰʱлܴԼһ׵ķΧһ󲻹ɵĲӰٿȻʧ
޼ɱ֮սռ䣡
ֶİγɵսռ䲻ͬڿռС磬ǲģ֮ĴڣĹ޷˵սռġ
˴˺һ
䣡
ǿײȻԲɢȥһӱ㽫ڳķ˺ֶϯ
Ҳòֽ
ء
ǿ۷ɫ
һϴ񣬾ʮλɫµĸˣɱǿҲٵеˡ
λǲΪҳǣԲаɡлĵص֡
սռ䡣
⻰˵һ˸ֵĻȥ
߲ʷ˵ȸŭ졣
лõʲôַ㿪Ĺ߲ʷǿŭǸлʹõַǳľпжʧܵġ
ǣƾǵǵ̣ҲġлЦеĵ
޼ɱİȻǲܸ߱˵ġ
߲ʷԣ˻һ´˹ɱ
ֺܵͷͳͳ׼֡
лֹҪһսԭĿնɱˣȡӶܹ񵶳ʡ
Ѿﵽˡ
и뷨ܵıʵϾҹⱭľģ˵ĺǾģʵǾһ֮ҵĴս
ܹһЩƣʱʩչ˵Ȼżİ뵽ٲ֪ܹγ񵶣ǰ֪ģѾɱˡ
о޼ɱɱƱ뱣ܡ
뵽л㲻ǹľﱩ¶ʵʱ򣬶ҹⱭѶȼӴ󣬸ȵģҹⱭлҪֵĶ
߶ԱȣȻѡߡ
лЩ֣һʱһʮϼһʮʷеѹγɡ
ͨͨͨ
Щͳͳ̱ڵأ·𶼱һ
Ƿѹл࣬Ӳеϣɶڳķ˵Ȼŷǳѹ
ЩҲһƺߡ
ûǰĿţȴҲǱѹȵ޷ȫӳϾǶ࣬ԵеĹҲкܴӰ졣
ܵӰСľ۷弶ĸ֡
ɱ
߲ʷ˵۷弶ڳ
ǿ߸ʵǿᣬҲǳ۷ɫʵֳǿֲ
л΢΢һЦһ˱ֱ߳߿ա
ɢʮʷеѹǾŲ棬ȻŲ£ʮʷ֮۵ѹǰȻһ˿
籩
лһüļ˸һĨâʮľ㻯һĨնɱȥ
ʮѹƾŲ𣬻ǾԵѹƣʮʷ֮۵ѹǾŲּ鿪¶һһ˳Ķڡ
ಣ
лȻ٣һ±ȥ
һ뿪Ųٶ߲ʷ˵ֹֻܱͣٶʹطŲֳȥ
л
쿴лܳˡ
ԭ巢лһֱڷפڡ
ֽһӽܱҺġ
ʶڿѲߵĳ۷弶ɫĸҲһۿл̱ʶӳɱ
лһЦٶȷӳһȥ˲Ϣס
⣡
ʱ۷ɫĸֱȻһȻǷ
˫ȶγһɿ磬ϯأ˲ϢףȻûбл˦
Χ֮ˣǸ֣ͨ˲ûгϾŲոճ֣ǵݣҲ׳ֵģᣬԵȵǸʱлѾûټ
лĿ
ҪȥԼ
׿췲棬Ҳһγڴļˡ
о׷֮˵ٶȣлͷһۣȻ˵ٶȾȻһ
߱ĲǷһЩں˷ԵǾٶȣǳľˡ
лƵ磬޷˦
һٶԶֵ
һƬȽϻ
֮ռ̫㷺ۼķȻ˴˼䶼ǻħ޻Ծ˵ġ
лֵطͣ
׷ɱ֮Ҳٶ
лܲ˵ģ
зٶȵȷҲǲѡлЦĿֻ֪Ƿ߳ɵٶȶѣȻĻ׷ҵġ

ĸԣЦ·ЦЦӲߣȴ˵ʲôûзٶȡ
лҲĳЦ֮Բٶ˦㣬Ϊɱ㡣
ҪɱңָԼıӣĵ
ԣɱ㡣л
һЦлΪһǰܹĻ֮ңΪԼ˲ˣҲգҾͲˡ˵껰̤лȥ
̬Ը߸ϵ̬Դ°ܽ
лǶ֡
ֵľʯһģϷܹľʯ棬ľʯܡ
Ķ֣֤лڵսжǿ


2044  治
һȥеѹγˣһĻ𺣻Ļ˳ȥˮӿ
ԭվл΢գȥܡ
һսȷлܷľʯ֮۷ɫһսĴս걾ԴսͬǾǿɱϾ̫꣬ͬܵƣԷӳǿ
ѹ壬·ش
л̤֮ŵʱľʯѹЩԿ⣬ɢѹľʯ޼лȴûʲôѹԡ
ɽڣٴٿԿȻ
˿Ӱ졣
л۾ЦЦĿŷְ֣ɣѹûаõġ
лǺӰ죬ڿʼˡ
Ҳաʼձһ˵ģɣ
һֻҲ˳ȥһ޴Ļƾճ֣׶ߣ·һ»ǽڰĺҹȥ
лһ˻ǿľʯ潻սһϷ磬ȻĻдġ
أ
Ҳһȭȥ
ʮսȭͷ֮ϣǽۼɵ㣬ǻ۳档
Ե档
һǾ޴ĻƱ
лҲ֮ǰһͻڻѻУԽ̻ѤãֵĽǰ
˸߰ķǿ߲ʶԡ
ܹɻԼĹȻѾ㹻вԼİȫˡ

ķȻǰǰγһǿ谭лȭͷ
лһ˿Ц⡣
ӦÿԿ߲ʷǿķˣܹƵĻͱնɱ߲ʷҲ̫ˡ
սƣ
лûʹں϶ҲûʹĶǰȭͨһսơ
񱩵ٿȻȭͷ֮ϱŷ
䣡
ǿȭĽ
ǿֲѷһ£Ƿ෭ȼŵķǿľҲ䵽ֵǰѪɳȥ
лƲˣһ̤ȥ
ȣ
˲ʮ˽ţγӰһǷֵ߹ȥ
ء
˵ķּ״æĳַ⵲ٶȺܿ죬лĳٶȸ죬գۼ߰ʮڷֵϣߵĲϷꡱꡱꡱǹ߶ϵļ
ʹķֲҽźɳȥ
л߿գһ̤ڷֵǰ֮ϣѹȵĵڵϣû̽ɱ
ཡ
˵ķҪ˵һſڣѪ޷
лĵ֪˵Լ̫ˣûӳԼʵ԰ɣ
ͷ
ȷ㣬㷢ӳȫսҲһҵĶ֡лĲţһѽ񵶳˳ڷֵĲǰ档
лֳ񵶣ֵɫˢһ±ĸӲҰס
֮ǹϵġ
һǲʣɨսʼһʣȻʹߵսġ
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ԭԽл仰һӱЩѹлڰҹǼĴֶѾ壬ս׼


2045  ذƷ
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ֻУʱĳһĲгӰŵƻգЩȻ׿췲£ĸ֣лĳ֣ҲԾˣ׷׵ǷԵ鱨ľʯ棬ȶǿ߸
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лӦ֪Ŀİɡ׿췲˵
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ܲµȴװ֪׿췲΢΢һ£лķӣӲƵַЩ̫ӦҲѶԸġ
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лĵȻ֪Ԫɷɷɱ⣬Լ׼ͨ켶ĲƬɣзǷ׿öԪɷ۵һشͼأԪɷһش;۶ɵİɣսʱ򣬽ԪɷͶκһڣǼʱشͼǰ

׿췲ЦлֹȻѧʶԨȻԪɷ֪֪ǵͷδ֪ء
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ԪɷǺöĻҲȫżսģҪԪɷҪ̫ѣܶࡣ
лֿϵشһʱ׿췲˵
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лĵ׿ִԪɷͽ˿ľװҽ𣿡
׿췲ǣлֿԸ⽻


2046  Ԫɷ
Ԫɷջˣͨ켶ںϳɵԪɷκһһʱӵͨ켶׿췲еԪɷлԣŸΪҪãΪϽγɵġ
ʱ֮жԹǲûйΪʱ̫ǿ󣬲Ȼ꣬ʰͷħ޾ͷ֪ж٣ЩͷǶʿνӸжֻҪһܹнľͷӦƣ˵ǰδеǿ
ǿ壬˸ƣΪҪ塣
˱Ͻ𴸵ˡ
˵һԻ͵Ķ壬Ϊһǿߣ壬Դɱĵ·
ںǧɱħ޾ѪͷѪֲϣһϽ𴸣תΪãﵽͷ֪ɱ˶ͷͨһļ˱ɱ
ҲʹϽ𴸾ŨԹ
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˵Ͻµû֮һ
׿Ҳ֪ҵĹϵл˵
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У׿췲лǸ߿һۡ
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ҼȻҳа뿪˵ءлЦеĵľʯ棬Ҫȳ޵Ŀ⿴ңҽףҲûģҪܹ֮ԼܣԹñˡ
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뿪л㷵׼פء
عԼıԺ󣬱ﰲͨҶȫĵĿҲ飬ֻĿʼ
ѾʼΧлȴ޷˼лֺΪ뿪¼˵׿췲лǰȥģĿľҪְɱлģЩзڵ飬ٽ𽥵ıĻȡΪлҪ֮˵˵Ѿ֮
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Ὺʼӵˡ
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΢ʰһ£л̻ع鱾ģԺΣˣȻͨ뿪׼פأֱǻ֮ʷֵС


2047  ӿ
񵶿ɳʣΪﵽλɫ꣬޽ӽɫĵزӵȫµ϶޼ɱɱٶȷǵõͻͽ֮ʮʷ֮İһеһжлﵽǰδеһ߶ȡ
ȺѹԼлҲҪĳ嶯ҪЩСԼ˶Ͼ·
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һٶػţֹ˵ңЩ˵ʵҲ൱ĲĶ۷ʵǳȴ֮еΪ׵˺Ȼǳλĸ֣۾Ŀܣά
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άиҲȺ뿪ɢȺлǰ¶һͨ
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ŹĴڴ˹ҲμӾģ˵ƹ½֮ǿºľʯ档
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µһʲôıǸעᣬҪôǷʲôأҪôǰжĳһ֡
ľʯԣһЦһصǶɣǵԼפر߲ʷ͵ϮɣЦǶ֣Ҳ϶ǵģڵħжͬͬȻĻǱΧ˲ˣûô޴Ǵ˴ᣬ׿췲ˣûһ뷨
˵ûУ𣿡·ʵ
šľʯ׿췲еĽ˿ľ֮ĶǸȤҲ֪ģһ£˵һæн˿ľĻ龧ʯϣ֧һ¡
µû⣬
ľʯ浭ĵģֻҪ֧ңлļȭױȻģлԹ˭֪Գս˿϶ֵй۲лʵһˣҪɱ֮ڣɱһУӦұˣƽ֡
˶˻ĵ΢Ц
ңһŹڵлǰģĲȥǣΪ˶֪κζȲеˣǿ϶뷽跨ĶԸԼ
ҪǣҪսս


2048  
񵶾ƽһԣлᣬĿҹⱭɱˣڰľޣδ̫ע磬Ҷ֣ٶȻģһԵϸĹעţ͸ܹĿлѾɫģǽںɫɫе׺ŵĵɫԽԽ࣬ÿ䣬ǽɫͻ༸ʮԵĿһɫľתš
ۿɼʵҲ̸пѡ
Ȼˣ˿ĹעҪлҪ
ΪһֱлҪŪΪʲôɫб仯Ͼ˵һ˷˵ģͷ֮Ͼĳǣģûп仯ġ
ԴΪ볤λ֮ȴط֣ɫתȻ䷢һ˿΢ɲı仯ԭı仯ǣлﵽһɱΪһɫһĲϵؿʼн׵ɫ֣Ȼ𲽵ӿΪһɫģʲô
̱лй۲졣
ȥͬûκεķֻ֣Ǹеɫ仯ƺÿɱһЩɫͻһ˿
һҪ˵Ƶģ̾úż걾ԴԱʱŽ߳ɵƶȡ
ıûʲôˡ

Ȼ𣬴ŵֳÿһ䣬ͬĺĳһ㣬лˡ
ֺĻ᳡ع鰲
Ҫʼˡ
л۾ɻĵ
ţһܹ߻ħˣǷǳģ˼Ѿʧˡ̽͵ţҹۿ仯֮ɫһ仯ƺһɷǳǳ΢ͨоӦûв鿴á
л
̵ԣȫͬΨ걾ԴԱʱ򣬲߰˳ɵơ
걾ԴԱ¡
һжԺ֡
лʱδоһ˿ĳ֣һ㻹꣬ȴܹ𶯣صĵط
Щ벻ͨ
Ŷˣ˵͸ģлʵ
ǵģҸտʼƾԼĸоо˵ҲЩ˼飬Ѿǳλĸ֣Ǿͷʩչ֪ҪҲܣƫƫ˿о
ùлϸĹۿ
ͨҲȷֻܿǽɫɫ꣬ûµĽɫ֣о֡
лɨһ棬Żдһĳ֣һɨʱ¶֮ɫţ
ôˣʵ
ģлƻת࣬ǸھǶŹңһע񣬽ͿǱ߼ĶŹֵĳ֮УԶŹ֮һжޱ
˼飬۾ȻӸ߼лϲĵ
ģͬе˼顣
о̶ȿԶлĶ࣬߼İڣܱ̽ģȻͨ鿴
лֻǽ̽ɫֶΣ̽ʵãδ뵽Ȼû۽ϣãҷҲ˵ˣܹ޷оƺԶ֪ô򵥡
лгֳ׿췲һƣ¶ĪЦ⣬Ʒš
лĹҿ̽ȥ
۷Χףľ򻹲֪ء
Źڵĸ˹ͷףĺŹڵĿͿ޶Źڵºľʯ棻ŹҵͶˣߺŹҵķħħĸ֡
°˺ŹҿʼѾģһƬ޷
жһ¾룬лֻܹϣľҲֻжʮ׵ӣܹʮڵĸ߼ƽ
л˺ܶ˵̸޹ֺл׿췲һЩ˵ǣбǻܹ֮ɳ룬ûʲôʵԵĶٶ
߷ͨϹע档
֮УҲûȥоǽɫʱ
ҶֻлٶҶͷųŨĴϢûһ˿һɢͳͳıлմתΪսʹսϵӦľɫб㸡ֳԽԽĽɫ㡣
ʱл͸Ҳоһ˿
ͬͨҲͬ
һȫµ΢΢ɲ죬걾ԴԱơ
ɴлɣǷ񷽾ѾϤɫ仯ԭ򣬲ҼõأĻôżڵĸյֵ֮ûˣɫ仯ž޴ǣˡ

ʱ򣬵ڶ
ʽʼ
һɣŻɫĻ𱬣ƫƫһͷɫŲ̊ⱾӦø˻ҰԵŮǡǡ෴ģʮǿҵĴ˵ĿҲԾͶݵϡ
лֻɨһۣ㲻ǣ
ŮʦһЦɫӳ£Ե崿ɰ㴽öĿģҲ֪ˣҲûбҪķϻֻǽҹⱭƷʱż׿췲ϣͨһЩҹⱭǰļƷ
Դˣ˶Ѿ֪⡣
ϻ˵ˣ׿ֵĵһƷŮʦһָ᳡ˢһ±úڰΨһɢͰ׹ˮ̨оŮʦŹߣ˿
ˮ̨һѳֵͨɫ滹һĽɫ˿߹ţһ֪
һѽ˿ľ񽣣߼սʼľ˫ԣһʮ˿ľ֮Ĵɣ滹һʮ˿ľĽ˿۶ɵ˿߷ӡУսʱֻҪУ˿߻Ὣ񽣵Ĺһȫµĸ߶ȣսʼŮʦ˵׿ֵҪǣĴ˽˿񽣣սħսű߽Բɡ
һƷһɧ
елһ˲Ĵ㵣֮¿ʼĹעҲԵһЩ
ļƷȻһһļֵߣһȻǸ߼սʼǺǼֵӵĿɹۣ
׿췲Ҫʲô


2049  
ͬһʱ䣬ڵ˶ʱת׿췲
ĸоû׿췲ȻŲĿġĺŹڵĿ޶˵һƷǸ߼սʼʲô
ߵ߼սʼΪħһػ壬ҲΨҲž߱ͨ켶̫ϳҲд󲿷ֲ߱𣬡޶㲻׿췲սħսűĳԳ̶ѾһصزԽʥ˵Խ˶һȤⲻܲ
˵ģģսħսűǲʲô޶ü
һӹɣаԲǼսħսսḶ́Ӳűеͨ켶ϾѾƲӦ֪ء˵
޶ǰЩӲǵõսħսű𣬿ɴ㾺ģ
˵ɡ
ڵҲˡ
㲻׿췲ĿģΪˣǶѡԸҶƽûκεıۡ
ǵƽǻ᳡ڵĺ䶯
սħмһƬվ˵óһöսħײƬ߸߾𣬾ǲƬԾһ˿˿һɵĹС볣˵ȭͷࡣ
ʲôƬսмס
һƬսмףǸ󡣡
һʱ䣬óõЩսսħűĲƬ
֮࣬Ҳ൱˵ġ
Ͼװͷ磬ؼף󣬿ռָսȹϥսѥƣ繹ɵģսħ⣬ĶˣȻսĿǰûκϢ֪
һжѣ൱˵ġ
елҲͣ
Ҫ׿췲ʲôĿģ㽫׼Źң鿴׿췲ֻ׿췲¶ϲ֮ɫĿⲻϵЩóսħսű֮˵ӹҲ׿췲
óˣãҵѰңƽףҲû˸ȥ±֪ˣںˣˣǾͱҲˣеĶҪˣ׿췲ٺЦ񣬻عż棬ұضлᡭ
׿췲͡
βסЦ⣬֪϶żʹ͡
лԭ׿췲ĿҪЩõսħսűƬ˸ҳȻжֶȡ
ȷʵ
˿񽣵ջ֮£ܶ˶Ҫõġ
лȻȥᣬ˿񽣶κεջеĹ񽣺ǽ֮ǿʢܶģϵԼʵŽɫԽԽ࣬Ѿнʮ֮һĵطǽɫˡ
ͻƣͲһˡ
ӲԸ˷ʱ䣬ȡǰͻơ
Գɫκθ֣⣬ϳ񵶣նɱľʯ֮ûʲôѡ
óսħսűƬԽԽࡣ
ûһܹ׿췲Ȥ
սһսħսѥһֻսħϵƬ顣ֵ᳡Ȼһѹе
ǿеĶ
սѾѣǽȱһСأսħսѥĸϵƬͺܲˣֻм׶ѡ
˵Ʒһ˿ھۡ
սħսѥֻĸǼֵԶĶܱġ
ս˿Ϊӵõ
ڶƷҲ֮
ڶƷȻҪȵһƷĽ˿񽣸ʤһˡŮʦЦ˵
Ļ£ˮ̨ٶ
һöʯ״ʯ档
ʯ鲢ۣɢŨŨɫϢȴǿң·Ǽ̺֮Ƶġ
Ůʦλضо˰ɣûԵһ㣬ǿ϶²ģ̺ŵǿʥȻˣûйǰԵˣͬʥΧҪͨٶ屶ʮȣԵһеʹõĻؿٶʮ
䣡
᳡һӷˡ
ʮٶȣǺεȵļֵȷԶԶ˿񽣵ļֵĲ֪ͬˡ
ʮٶȣҿһ壬һѪĴȥҿһ£ĺôŮʦƣ˻ֿܣΪڤʯ֮ģҪҲ֪ǾǱΪսսħű
Ҳڴҵ֮С
᳡ڵòʲôصƷˡ
ԾһЩ÷űƷۣ޷һЩƬˣǵĿⶼͶʮҵġ
֨
ʮ˺Źſ
ģҪƷҶǲƷҪó˿
ʮ˺ŹڵԵħһˡ
սħһԣ覴áóһ߰˵Ѻۣûжѿ滹ڷǳˡ
Źڵ׿췲ʱվ
űͿлõսħʤһĶҪѷɫܶģսħЩĶˡ
ʮŹſͬ߳һӣĸ֣ļƷսϥһԣսͷһս񻤼һ
ļƷԵĶѺۼ࣬ҶֻԵĶѣطǿ޸ġ
ƷԽԽࡣ
лҲͣ
ɻĿлûʲôҪĶǺģǵĹؼڡ
ͻˣл˵
̲ɵôϲ
û뵽ܹʱͻƣսռʱʱĶԱȣҶİͻƣܹȹ̾ء
һлִսռ䡣
սռ֮⣬˶﷢һȻǺ֪ġ
ͻƣ
л˫ֺҶܸǳŨĵħǣĵħĴĵħҶͻơ
һе
ȫĵͶȥսٶȸȵѣҲֳлΪɫѸٵı仯š
ȷɣʹл嶼һ˿ʹУΪٶȹһЩӰ죬ھɵĵֿڱǶۣëͳͳĻͨһУȫٵ
ľҲ˰Ȼ
ʮѾ˳ۣչʾƷҲһһ࣬ĻֻǶĶǲдƷԵȱݡ
׿֣ҿ˭ƷѰɡŮʦôűƷҲ޷жһλеĶӹˡ
ٶҲдδйˡ
׿췲Ҫڡ
ͼźŹҵűƿһĸ߳Ӧüֵ߰ɡ


2050  ɫ
˵ƷǺѷֱֵģϾսħսűҶȱݣȱٵģ١
źŹҳֿ˵ĻЩ˵Ĳлĸ֣Ҳ޵Ŀ֣ɿƷ֮󣬴Ҷͣȷвࡣ
Źҵűƿˡ
׿췲߳Ŀ¶ĿеĶսϽ׼ͨ켶
ƷսϽ
ʵϽǶϽҲǲдƷֻһսϽͷųķâȴıΪ֮ЩսħսűزһѶϽǣ֮ǰ˴ûʲôӦһ㣬ɿսϽԶƷ
׿ִԴˡֵ
Ŷ׿췲ѹֲסе˷ܣɴսϽһЩƬľųɾš
ֵ׼ͨ켶Ϊ滹һƵ飡
ˣ
ȫڡ
ȴлڵһŹңеĹͳͳıƿ˶˳һĿۿ
սϽвƵ顣
ôϣпһۿսħսսḶ́ԼĪİá
Ǿˣ׿췲΢еǹ˷ܵı֡
սϽսħϵҪǿһߡ
ֹ׿ֿ֪ΪǰóģΪҾüֵ޷еսϽ˵׿ֵڤʯ֮ļֵǣҾԾǷȱһ㶫ϣ׿ܹ鿼һ¡
ߣȻƷֵ
Ҳʷһˡ
ԲƫƫһԸģһһҪõսϽҲǰδˡ
ټöڤʯ׿췲һóöڤʯɢɫҪڤʯ֮ѷɫһЩ
ͬˡ
սϽڤʯ֮ġ
˫Ļعˣ׿췲ҲȻҪзһ㱨ģֻЩΧ߶ᣬǽ׳
Ҳ˵ģԻع顣
᳡ڵٶϡ
ʱŮʦó׿췲׼ĵƷֵŰڴĿƷ
Ǻĺöء
ƹϨˮ̨ٶڷŵĶյɼȫһľ̾
Źڵĸ˹
һۼë
ʹë
ͨ徧Ө񣬷·̶ɣˮ̨ӳ£ޱȣɢŨʥ⡣
ëʹ֤áŮʦ˵
ûнܾ˭֪ͨıܱģȻûбҪôҪ
Źڵٶȱƿ
˹˳̰֮֮ɫһ࣬ضëһʹ嶼ûеʹ𣡡
ˢȫѻȸ
ݵ𾪵УսռڵлҲڷž޴ı仯ȫսܿƵԶ壬һţϵţ۶Կı仯ʾѸ͵ɱΪɫġ
ɫǺ󣬺Ƴ
ü͸һ˿ĳûмͻƵڴϲãеֻƽľˮı֡
лĺȻһ٣ϢħһֹͣǻսҲ֮ӿڣҲﵽһǳĵز¡¡ĺƳˮӿȫš
ҲһӻĽɫ
һͣЪ֮󣬱ǸΪա
ﵽɫ꣬Ϊмڵȹ̾磬Ҳһ̶ȵԼ
սռһСʱһĹ
ӵҶսռṩŨĵħлôһʱ䣬Ǿ͵ͬڱ߰ʱ䡣
ﵽɫ֮ûжʱ䣬ͣ
սռ䣬л»عһŹҡ
ʵͻƣлԷ˱仯ɫʱڣԻ۷ɫ֣Կ֣ڲͬˣһж˱仯ɫپκεս
ˣлֽ뻳УԼϣظıΡ
׿췲ĵƷʹ𡣡ɫЩء
лʹ𣿣óȶսħսűżã
̵֪սսħű϶żҪĿģǿ϶ôֻŪʲôó˶ĺرʹ𰡣ǿܹӽ񱦵Ķ
𾪣ͬ𺳡
ʹʹоͷ壬Ҳ޽ӽͻƾͷ磬ﵽͷ֮ϵʹͷγɵģлյķҪϡ٣Ҫ档
Ƕʹ˵ʹ޷ȻˣԵ˵ʹֻһôʹǺöҲܵǳƣΨʹŻĿ
Ȼ׿췲óʹʹġ
׿Ƕеűڱصˡʹ帥˹
׿췲һЦʵǸеĶҵջ̫ˣսϽҪһЩ
Ҳգ㶼óʹˣóǱˡ˹˵˵֪ʹԱûôʹгԹĲ٣˭ҲԸʹõʹģɻٵóصĶоģаõ֡
˵Ż˹ӿռָóһ硣
ս磡
һŹڵл۱侫⡣
ս粻ؼսսħ缸һģҲȱһСǶѣûʲôʧҲ˵սġ
˵ǲӦö׿췲ʵʩأл
׿췲óһһĵĶֵĶͬرû˲Ķ
лĶˡ
׿췲ûģȻˣΪʲôӶĶأοлпսϽĽⲿ֣ǺǶϽкܴ»ָս񽣵ġ
û뷨
Ҳĳ嶯ˣҾã׿췲˹ȻóôĶ϶ῼǺãɱ˶ᱦ뷨϶׼ġ˵
ĿǰҹǼĴİ֣֮⣬ûа֣սӵн˿ľװܻܿи߼װʹսӦøǿᣬڻ֮ӦúвĿǰľƿܿͨʱعżģҪ֣뾡졣л˵
̺ɵĿл㲻ǴҪһ𣿡
лЦеĵкβɣ
Ҳ޳ɣ̼ıʾԡ
֪ҡл̵ıӣİɣҼȻҳ֣ȻһİգҲûз淢ͻڲĲŽᣬͻҲǿõ


2051  ׿췲ŭˣ
ڲìͺͷϵʭӣͣ˭֪飬緽涷׼ֱӽڻ֮ĸָˣʹ壬岻ûֹв֣赲ҵһЩĲ֣ΪʲôˣΪлѾͨħ彫ҿܴڲͷȥˣر˵ҵҰģԲŻз顣
ڵħ緽棬Ĵħ֮ҲЩԹ𣬷ħħͬˣħħ干ˣħѾй齵˼磬ȻϱìܣͻҲǲϣֻûƷǰˡ
ĶԹֱӣֻǱȵϡ
ƾиɻʵ򴦴Ϳˣοл߲ʷδ֪Ϊʮʷ֮ѹһǰͿ֣֮ҲǿõģлϾҪͨħ忪ʼݳ鱨߲ʷ׼Ϯĳפ֮ġ
λʲôõĳֵĶûУսʹ𡣡Ůʦ˵
Ҳɵϡ
˭ܿó׿췲óʹĿս磬϶֪˹ս磬Żóʹģ˵Ľ̸ףֻûɹ׿췲óʹ
սģȻ޷óӱĶˡ
սսħűȫ֣սħֻս籣Ķǲȱġ
õʹĸ˹ҲǼѡ
׿췲Ǹȡ衣
ǵڶƷҲ׿ִ˴ƷһŮʦٶ
ǵ۾ɴˡ
Ǻ
ˮ̨û⣬ŮʦһָƷ׿ֵУʲôҲ֪
˷׷׵ĽĿͶݹȥ
ȷе졣
ҪĶѾˣһεͨսħսű龧ʯҪһ㣬ֻҪ߼龧ʯ׿췲˵
ֳ˶ˡ
սսħűûУ龧ʯʸˡ
Ȼ߼龧ʯһöͨ龧ʯһöҲ׾óĴģܹǻָһ
Ҫľ׿췲ó
һƣһǾ޴
ƺȻԪɷ̵Ͻ𴸵ͼɱǵóҪлö
ھ޴ȥĸͷǰСһͻɢϢǳĺأһóֳıΪ֪֮սʼ׼ͨ켶ġ
񴸴ԪɷǾ˵һսʱڣ񴸾ͨ켶ģþͷҪۺĶ
ЩʶãЩ˲ʶһ°ɡ׿췲ƣʱǰڳֹԪɷӡϽ𴸣õƣսʱ򣬿ԽκһڣʹϽ𴸵ȻˣϽ𴸵Ӧû˲֪ɡ
Ͻ𴸣־֪תΪá
ȻлƵһǱʮδлսĻ֮һ˭˲֪˭˲
óϽ𴸾۳ɵԪɷʲô˼
֨
һŹڴбƿ
лɫĮ߳
Ԫɷĺܺлֵθڰ׿췲ЦеĵֻóǰûȤлֱ߳ˣüǮ
׿ֹİɡлĵ
ƽ˭óƽ֮£һŭ
׿췲ԾЦĵлһҪôΪҲû취
ߣлһٺ˵
ȻóԪɷôԵ񴸣ܹܵķӳϽõİɡ
׿췲񴸣˴Ϊ촸żʮʱռϣתΪöԪɷģܹϽ𴸵ӳһ񴸣׼ͨ켶ģԪɷͨͨ켶ҪǿʢһΨлֵܹʤɡ
лϵļһ
ǹģ
ԪɷģǾģĺ촸Զ׼ıһ㡣
лŭˡ
ԭ׿췲лӡͺܲãû֣ѣɱ˴˶֪ǾͲһ׿췲ȼǾҪлʽѵ˼ˡ
촸Ԫɷöĺܺáл׿췲Ĵָ׿ֹ˼
׿췲Цлͺãֻǲ֪лֵĲܷĵأ
˵пûУǴܹһʱͨ켶Ѿ㹻еˣҵ־ĵģǸԱľͷǣҲԴ˱ʾֵ֧֡
Ծ۱Ȼ򵥡
ģлеĶûֵġлЩŭҲЦѣҪ˵龧ʯ龧ʯƴ𣿸߼龧ʯҲǺֻܶ࣬öռָģ٣ôҲҪ߰ڵˣĸ򵥡
Ĺ龺ģ׿췲Ҳ磬ŭл
ʹ׿췲ھ͸ȷˣֱ׿췲һ٣òŪĶͲе񱩾
ҲǺˣ㻹ңߺߡ
лɫ»ָƽ
촸ԪɷıǸ߼龧ʯͼ׿췲ЦеĿллָͼ۰ɡ
εȻлŭˡ
ȻһЦͼ۾Ϊһڸ߼龧ʯɡ
Ҳ٣
ûиһڸ߼龧ʯǾһͨ龧ʯˡ
һյ龧ʯǿһͨ龧ʯҲԴղһڸ߼龧ʯ
᳡ڵʱ
ڵҲ߳ҲһŹֵĿлǵȻôĸ߼龧ʯֻ뿴лճ
л֣۸ƺЩ߰ɣ֪һм龧ʯûܹõĳһڸ߼龧ʯǸܵġħĿ˵
ԣôࡣŵķشе
׿췲״лл˶ĸ߼龧ʯ
лŶԭҶûаһΪǶкܶأҲñҸУȻûУǾ͸ɴһǧ߼龧ʯɣܹһʱͨ켶ĶҾ޼۵ģҶòô߼龧ʯٵɣһǧ߼龧ʯ
Ծ
һǧĸ߼龧ʯȻò
ǿһö߼龧ʯһһöͨ龧ʯ㣬ͨ龧ʯĵĻǶõóΨ߼龧ʯûж١
߼龧ʯ
ֻ߰ĸ߼龧ʯ
ԱۣԼóֻа˰ʮöĸ߼龧ʯ˴ġ
лЦ׿֣Ƕûһǧ߼龧ʯ
Ǿֻм۸ߵˡ׿췲
лҵȵľ仰óһöռָ浹ĸ߼龧ʯһǧö߼龧ʯľСˡ


2052  ҹⱭ
һǧ߼龧ʯǷǳֲģ¥ͨڣŹҶˣҲǸ߼龧ʯձСȻĻͨ
лóȻǸ׿췲ѿġ
ȻҪǾҪԼһռȻЩСѣǳķ̡
׿췲ĿҪ촸ԪɷˣĿҪôлģҲǹܶģû뵽󷴹лȥô͵͸лԸԼˡ
лֵĸ߼龧ʯǲٰ׿췲۶л
ܸ࣬㼸ǧöĸ߼龧ʯС𣿡лЦеĵⷴ׿췲ʵأұһڸ߼龧ʯĵģ׿ʵǺأҪ˵ʲôһ̫࣬Ҿʮ֮һɡһ£ţ׿󷽣ҲСһǧĸ߼龧ʯΪлɡ
׿췲۱亮â
ǿԵĻ϶ֽл˺Ƭ
֮лģ֪лֿʱ䣿׿췲ȶһ񣬻˵
Ȼԣ֮áлЦ
һ£˶֪ˡ
׿췲лһսġ
֮Ľս֮󣬾ǲֻ֪׿췲жֵĻᡣ
촸Ԫɷڿʼлˡ׿췲ֽƷȥǿڱŷʹú촸ԪɷĺХǻյ죬𶯵ܵǣ죬ʾ̺ŵ
׿췲̽лʵ
һף棬˹˶¶һ˿ȣܹоǿǽ촸ʹú촸׼ͨ켶񴸵һ̶ȵļ
ͬ˻촸ҹȥһ
лһЦһУԪɷȻӿϣ渽ŵСϾһȿܼԪɷǾͻ׿췲޹ˣȥĶˣ˳ǼʵС
ž
ֶǷĺ촸ץ˹ȥ
лץס촸ڿȵĶסûκεһ˿Χ߸ǿ
Ȼǿел⡣
˹ЦлҲбʱ䣬Ϊ൱
ߣ٣֮޷ǾܹԿλְˣѵ£ܹ濹ⲻɡЦ
ҵϣǿһ㣬Ҳܸ׿췲鷳˹ٺЦ
һ£µ˼˾°
л׿췲ɱٸ׿췲൱ƣӶеĶǸ˹ʵ뷨
˴ˣ˴ˣҿɲΪ벻˹ĵ
Ц
õ촸Ԫɷл㽫ռָ
л˵÷ǳ󣬲ǣԷֹŶԸ壬Ǿͷȱٳֵıء
ʹõǹ񽣣Ϊá
ͨھͷ˵еޣûʲôôһ׸
촸ԪɷͷܵսҲﵽһȫµ۷塣
ڵþͷ»ָ
׿췲Ʒǽˡ
ĸ߳Ҳ˶ڴĶǴ˴ѹƷ˵Ŀ⡣
ǾҹⱭ
Ϊʥ֮һҹⱭʲôãʲôûʲô֪ģֻؽ磬ΪԶʥʴģȴ֪ģҹⱭӹɵġ
룬ɵֻؽ羫֮׽ס
лʥڱصá
ǱѹƷҲ֪ģҹⱭʥ֮һŮʦ
ˮ̨ٶһƱ
ҹⱭֻؽɵģǾžŰʮһʱųͣֻ֧ؽ֮һ
ûܹ˵ҹⱭʲôİ
ֻףõʥ֮һͿܵõֻؽгɾ;ͷİŪ֮İ
ҹⱭͲҪϸ˰ɡŮʦ˵˴κεĵͼۣ۸ߵá
һ龧ʯ
Ůʦ䣬˱ۡ
һ龧ʯҲһþ󲿷ֵʧȥı۵ĻᣬȻνһ龧ʯͨ龧ʯͬһĸ߼龧ʯлǰóһǧ߼龧ʯº촸Ԫɷļ۸ǰԵ΢Ǻܴ
߼龧ʯûó
ͨ龧ʯǾͷǳ˵ģóһڵĲҹⱭܶ׼ˡ
һǧ龧ʯһħĸϼӼۡ
ĸƲ˵Ͳܴ󷽵㣬һβżǧ龧ʯ̫ˣڿʼÿμӼ۲õһ龧ʯòҪڣöˡ
ħŭб㱨ۡ
ˡӵɨһۣҳۡ龧ʯ
ħˡ
龧ʯļ۸Ҳ쳣𺳡
龧ʯα۵ҵļıۣһ壬ҲΪ׼ͷ塣
ʼδྺĵľʯڿˣǰͶԽ˿ŨȤ˼Ҫսħսűģò
ľʯ龧ʯ
һڡ
ľʯ濪ڣЩҲ̵ǳ龧ʯϣѾЩһܹܵˡ
龧ʯ汨˼۸
˹Цʮڣ
ʮ龧ʯͬһǧ߼龧ʯ
ɿΣ۸ƺԶûн˼
ʮڣľʯ
ʮڣ˹Цеĵһʤȯյӡ
Ŵ۶൱Եġ
᳡һƬУ۸úܶ˶еһѣΡ
лЦеĿţûвֵ˼ԼĴ㣬һжռƻ£ϾǸͻʱ֣ܲóͻƽϢء
ʮڣҲǴȵۣ͸˹нϾ˼
棬һȵİ
ľʯ»عڣʩչ߼
ľ֣ҹⱭΣ
ҹⱭֻһǸù˭أľʯ
Ц򵥣˭ó龧ʯ࣬͹˭õҹⱭߣ黹õ龧ʯʱҪһΣ
飬ľʯĶ
ֻ¼ȻԼǱȻаյġ
Ҳãó龧ʯľʯʵ
ʮڣ֡
ľʯüһ֮ƹǷûŰջٰ
΢΢һЦ԰ɣľܳ٣
΢һľʯұһ㣬ʮڡ
ʮڣͨ龧ʯôࣿȻ
ðɣֻǱһ㡣ľʯЦ
µľִˣ˵ʮڲǶͨ龧ʯлһЩм龧ʯ͸߼龧ʯţͳһ£൱ʮͨ龧ʯ
ľʯʱɫࡣ
ˣˡ
ҾͲඣõҹⱭ֮һлľֵġȻһЦһĨ鿴ľʯһ㶡
Ťε߳ҡ


2053  һϣ
Ѿ˰Ȼ
۸ֱʮڵľ˵ز۸񣬶ЩͬǷǳֲģҲ׳ܵģ˸ԵļޣϾ龧ʯڿͲ̫ġ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
ʮڣ
͸˹ı۽ڽ˶ϹŵЦݣ˭Ҳʲô뷨
Ƿ·Ļʤ
ǴӱǰʮӣڵļӼۣҲǶҪӽˡ
һڣ
Ȼ䣬һ𣬴ļ۸
׿췲ˡ
˵Ŀˢˢļ׿췲ϣĶŹڶѻɽĸ߼龧ʯͰڷ൱ʮ龧ʯģԼӾʮ龧ʯ˶¶֮ɫ
׿췲ûô龧ʯ
Уżô龧ʯżھûô龧ʯȻҪɣ׿췲ǰ龧ʯѲżڵħ罨ˣ
лȻ֪żӴˣ͸ڣɱ˲֪
͸˸л֪˵׿췲Ҳò˶龧ʯôĿĺܼ򵥣ǾлģΪóһǧ߼龧ʯڳԿóһڸ߼龧ʯô龧ʯȻǺɵģٿ͸˹Ѿ˼ޣȻлٳѪҹⱭˡ
Ū׿췲뷨лȻӲᾺˡ
׿ǸалĴָ
лҲǲƸ˰ûȤմ֡׿췲Ц
лһЦûȤ

׿췲㱻ˮҭлֶҹⱭûȤ
ʼ磬лûֻЦݣȷĸ׿췲Сˣġ
׿췲ɫ
ûô龧ʯ
׿֣ó龧ʯ֪һͷƺ԰쵽żħʱѾܾԶˣܽӴȻĻܹṩ׿龧ʯءл
׿췲ıӶˣԼûô龧ʯȴˣ˵ûء
˿׿췲ĿⷢЩı仯
׿췲һ͵ɷʴ׵ĸо
׿췲Ϊѵʱ¿ˣһһʮ龧ʯ

׿췲һ
ҹⱭϾ̫ܹó㹻龧ʯ֮ˣԲûлģУȴƫۡ
һһʮڣһһʮڣûиߵġŮʦЩˣ̫˵ļ۸ˡ
ڻ᳡Եø
Ҳʮ㡣
һʮڣ
ΪҹⱭµʱһλúȻŹҡ
ķмع֮ٶȴ˳
ףô龧ʯ𡣡ۿŵֵҹⱭҪˣ̲סʵ
΢΢һЦ˼ʮǰ֮ڵһطһ͵龧ʯΪѣղͳһ£龧ʯعƣһңлʮڣƹﲻĻǿԼۡ
ҧ
˭Ҳû뵽ֵľȻˡ
һĻĻ־Ƶľģл°ЦǱ˴˵ľοǰڵˡ
׼۸ѹˣûаٷְٵģĿͶлܹ۸вĻл߽Բɡ
ҡл˼ôעԼ㿪ڵۡ
Ļ÷׳һ
ԴҹⱭļ۸һʮ龧ʯڱ˵ջˡ
漴ŮʦҹⱭ׵ǰ
һֽǮһֽ
׸ʢʮ龧ʯĿռָһԼȷ龧ʯԼ׵˵ĺϸûк˼ǱʼǷŻعҵʱʱġ
ԼȻõˡ
ҹⱭڷ׵ˡ
Ǳ˴֮Թʱл׿췲֮ĶԿл֮ľ𣬶Ҫ׵Ľ
л֣ǲǸȥˣ׿췲
лġһ£ȥ֮ǰҪһ飬׿ԵƬ̡
೤ʱ䣿׿췲лߡ
Ӳɡлĵ
׿췲ԣ΢һͷ
˼תлҪʲôʱվҲлȻ߷ӹȥ
ͻأٶȣֲ׿췲һҷ̬
лǴֱӷԾȥ
ûд׿췲˼
ĿǷеҹⱭ
㾺ۣǲװ˷ô龧ʯҪᣬͺ͸ֵòɿ˴֮󣬾ҪΧлΪʲôܳء
һ֣ǽٶȷӵޡ
ˢһգ۵Ĺ쵽˼£վڷԱߵĸ˹ûӦлѾվͷ׵ĸǰø˹ҷͬʱѸٵˡ
˿лӵʩչĿռ䡣
䣡
лһȭףȫʮսչޱĺɱȥλɫʵѾԽ۷ɫĸѹˣκεĶܹռϷ硣
ոҹⱭûзռָķҲʶҪȥҹⱭռָȻٽз߹
лٶ̫ˣ쵽ӦһȭѾȻ
ȵķֻ̧۵ֵ
أ
̺޼᲻սȭͷСۡ
лѾѹȸ֣ټϷ׻Ǳķأֵܹ
С۵ʱлϣʹѪҽŵɳȥظлҲûץ˹ȥٶҲ죬һѽҹⱭ˹ȥ˳ַռָڡ
ʱĸֲŻ
лҹⱭ
վסҪܡ
ִȳ֡
лһЦһΣȰ»عһŹǰͬʱҲ˳üļŵʥ֮Դͼ˼ɵѡ
лߣǵĶԹû壡ľʯŭȵȳǰ
ϱ۵ķҧͣŭɱڵĵлҪʬΣ
ɱȻĳǰ
лȻһЦľʯ棬ǵĶԹҵģҪ͸Զ֣֮ͨףǿЦ޳ܵĶʹ䣬ѲΪһʹ˰𡣡
ɫ࣬ɱȻ
л첻ںת׿췲׿֣˵أ˵һϣ

ţ
׺ľʯͬʱڡ
Ψ׿췲Ŀû˵ʲôɨһۣλг֪ɷƽһ£


2054  ͽп
׿췲飬׺ľʯ滥һۣ΢һ£㶼ͬˣһˣϣûˣֶͨλָһҪûۿ׿췲֮İϣ˾ǷֳʤһҲľ޴󣬴Ӷлɳ˵Ļᡣ
Ȼˡ
ˣеĿ㶼л׿췲ϡ
һսڱС
пƣл
Ůʦ̴Ӱ߳ҵ֮δûʲôþƣֻһ̳Ҿơ
ãѾлһףһٶö߼龧ʯȥΪ֮á
ӹ߼龧ʯŮʦóһ̳ҾƱ˳
ħľƶþ̳ʢŵġ
ƷУ̳ӿһʾ˾Ƶڲͬ
лץס̳һཹཱུĹڣң·һһ㣬þư
ӵ̣Ƴ棬ڿն𣬴Ǵӿڴȥ
׿췲
˷׷׵׷˳ȥ
ķ´ͷ˹пµһЩصĽƣֹлʩչߡ
Ͽգл׿췲ңң
ƮԶڵ֮ȺУʩչٱɵĻһû˼İˣɵİѿܵĹעţȺУлִս
ڿ棬ף˹ľʯ棬µȵȶѾɳγһİΧȦҸԱиָţлҪߣֳƬռġ
˴ΣǱɱл
лһž̳ɾˮ£ֺĨȥָ׿췲׿֣ûҪһս֮ˣ֪һսҪսپֽ̳߿գ̳£㣡
˿Ǿ̳沢ûʲôҲ˵ɵ̫߾ͻ£ʱ佫ܶݡ
Ҫսپ׿췲
Դ󣡡׿췲ܲˬʵ˲໹ǺܴģռݾϷġ
һԴ󷢣Ҫս֮и֡
һԸöָ޷뼺
˻䣬ͬʱ֡
Ǿͬ⣬ڿֱߣٶȹ죬޷תγɵģۻı֡
䣡
Ӱ͵ײһ
΢һӴǿ͵㱬Ϊɢȥ֮У·һ޴⻷
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ǾǴԿ
ʮսżе֮
ͬʱһ׵ľ룬ǲ£˭ҲûռһϷ硣
ճлʮҪ۷ɫĸǿ屶ǣɴ˿ɼ֮Ƕ屶
һδռϷ磬лһ˫ֺʮ߾ٹͷն׿췲͵ն¡
˫Ϊӳƶն
һʮ׳ľ޴âƾճ֣޼᲻ݵնգһأҪ׿췲ɵ
ż֮κ˶δ̹ȫµֶΣż֮лۼʯսż֣ҲûиżĸʩչĻᣬʤġ
׿췲ż֮ɫҲлῪʼ
׿췲ȭƳ޾ɫϢϯؼĵħȭͷ֮ϡ
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ȡ֮Ϊȡ֮ͬʵʰľ޴ȭͷγɣӭǿ񱩵ĵâ޾ɫĳȥ
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л˫ȭת壬ƻһצĳǱϢ֮УطƱãŨŰһ
л֣ɣ׿췲лֱǷһ˿Ц⣬ȭȻȭ
ȭ֮ںȭ֮Ϊ֮
֮֡
ؼȻɫ貶ĿһƬ̵ĲݵذڰУ޾ɫ̻һֻ޴֮۶ɵƣ׳ȣֱץл
أ
޴֮ưסл
׿췲¶һĨЦݣл֡
䣡
Ǿ޴ƽźȻ飬лƲԾ֮ŭ̬֮
׿췲Цϣٵ˫ȭǰеֵ
ˣ
лȻײϣͬı죬׿췲ײȫ޲ſһѪŵڵֱɳȥٶס
̧𣬾̳¡
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𣡡
ŭĳХ쳹ؼ䣬ɷԶͷųҰ˷Ѫ׿췲ȫһֻѪ죬һֻѩףֳսϽԶһһл
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˶һֹĸоµ׿췲ǰûзǿս
սĿʼˡ
֮ͬ޵У׿췲쳤ХսϽңָ񷣬֮£Ͻ˸ŶĿĹʡ
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̤գǣ۳ϢһѪɫϢŨصһѩɫ֮ɢ޾Ϣתϣ˫֮ڣǹ˫ĿӦ
׿췲˿񱩣лҲ˼ȭס
һٶöľ龧ԴϵļȭѾǵĸ߼սʼ
ɱ죡
׿췲ȻתתܵĿҲҵķ֮гһ޴УһѪ֮һѩ֮漤һ֮ڣγһϽâűл˺ѹȥ
ۻΪ֮ɵ
лδţһڳƣ׿֣ȻһҪսҾó˳ɵһս
⻰˵׿췲һ˲Ϣͣ͡
Ǳá
ǿ棬˹ľʯ棬£׵˶ʶ¶һĨ֮ɫ
˳֮ѵ˵лֻǷɵɣ
񱩾ĺܿ񰡣˼ţˣǵħ磡Ц
л۸ףȻ˵ı飬Щ˳ĻЦվλ֪ʲôп񣡡
ԭزϮʱ򣬽̳ӣ¶ཹཱུĹ³Ҿơ

˶оַŵĿԡ

׿췲ŭֱ嶥սϽɴֱлĲϴȥ͵Ľ׾ܹһз顣
ˢ
һлǰγɣеػ⡣
ػȻԿ˿µһлҲ֮ʮʷ֮֮ڡ
ػ̸ְʺʮʷӰʹøӵʵʻ·ĽӹƵġ


2055  սľʯ
ꡭ
׵Ľ׺ݵĴ̼лĲλãػ赲߲ϵĿڲϵر֮УĦĻǣȴʼ޷նϡ
׿췲ٶȳ죬˲Ϣ
׾գۼ㵽ˡ
Ҳ׵ѣԾδػն飬Ҳǳһ˿˿Ѻ۶ѡ
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ѣսϽɱĵ
ϽһֱߣɢȻս⣬׿췲ȥͬս񸴻㵽
лԾڹųҾƣ
սϽǰԼ׵ʱٿȻ̽
ž
ֻץסսϽĶѴ
֮ͬ׿췲Ȼֹδܽлǰ벽εվڰС
׿췲֪лûжȫֻǷӳɵ
ֻ׿췲ţɵôܴ
ⲻ֪ɵսǶʮĻлɵʵѾ۷ɫˣ˳ɵĻȫѹ۷ɫһˡ
׿֣սϽ˼սսħսµģ͹黹˼ɡлץսϽȻ
Ǻޱսӿ
ٷ֮ٵʮսͺɽĺӿȣһ±㽫׿췲֮ѣͬСһͷ򷭣ˣ͵սֱӳɱ׿췲ս֮ڡ
ս룬ôõĽҲ׿췲ұ۷ϵһ㣬Ϳ˱ˡ
׿췲սϽвʣȴ޿κΣֺֻˡ
סơ
սϽͬһ㣬лУлսϽԼĿռָ׿췲ĶѪ
׿֣ǼɡлĿȵĿ׿췲ϵĿռָ
׿췲ʶĵһֻס˿ռָһսϽģ
ݺݵؿлһۣתԶɶȥ
Ѿûκεĵһսʵ˵Ĳ̫ˡ
лҪ׷ٸֻһĻȻһǶ˵ͲܹӦˡ
ųҾƣܣȵ˭ս

ִ鷽Բǧ֮ڣ𶯵нﶼҡΡ
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׿췲ʵ˭֪ǻ֮ǿһģȻлֻֻܣûǷ
ûˣлһһ˿Ц⣬յָľʯ棬ľʯ棬ҹսδֳʤյսǾͷָɡ
ľʯ汾ҪһսڵԼܹնɱлȻȡ񵶵ȱĿ׿췲ҰܣЩļɵҪǰˣɱлսĻǾûˡ
ӲͷƤľʯһȫµĳ󵶳
ľʯ治ռˣó񵶰ɡľʯĵ
лó񵶣ڱţʵұõûʸ
ľʯϵļһ鴤
뵱л˵Ļ˵ʵ࣬ľʯȫлġ
Źȥ̶£лͿʼˡ
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ڿ棬˹׵δ֣ǶƯڿУ۹עţֻҪһлᣬһɱ˭Ҫܹлնɱлȡ񵶺Ϳռָ
Ȼˣûжֵ֮УԷ巽ĸ֣Ƕˣûվǰ棬оŲ־УҿǷվ̬Χġ
ûпȺ֮Уһ˫ԹĿⶢţǲǱˣȥż׿췲ͬѰһᡣ
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κһ
л
񱩾
лһȭľʯ棬ĵɹɱȺ󷽣ǵصĹҾƣЦжǧХɱУ


2056  жɱˣ
ҾƿƾǾˮ£׹档
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صĿΪӮѵ
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һĨлüļ䱬Ѹٵ󣬻һԼʮףʮĹ⻡էȥһʮ׳䵶𹥻׵ľ룬㽫вĹС
ˢ
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ƲƲ죬л˵Щˣһ湻޳ܵģҪȡҵ񵶣ƫƫҪһòȻӣ˴˶ǶԹУ޲ýԷɱҪ΢Ц֣ΪʲôҪȡҵ񵶣ҿռָڵıһǽթ֮ͽҪ˵޳ܽթɿɺޣ׵塣
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֣ǾŸƴһûʮİջʤлƽĵܿȴûӵĿŴֵÿһ޽ӽͨ켶λлмʵѾķ룬һ̤ͨ켶λˣ֮£ͨ켶λɫ֮꣬ģƾҵٶȣҪһҲʲô¡
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лȻһЦħǱ繥ˡ
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ħ类ÿһħѪ֮˶ǳĻ⣬Ǳ˵Դ
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ĻһܿƽϺɫħȴԽԽ׳ֱ͸죬ɱ
ħȳ
ֳı۳޼᲻ݵһ׸ߵħ͵ĳײȥǳĿ񱩡

ѩ׵ҵĲ
˹Ҳ׺Ͷά˹³һɱȥδϳһ𣬱ʵһа׳նлնȥ
˼ֳľʯ棬ºͻ˾ⱬȥ˵Ƚ⣬˴пƣľʯ˾ķ˻ƣ΢ܵһĴѹ˵ûǲս
Ÿ˷ֱӶϷΣɱл
˵ĹǻУͨ켶λҲȻˣ
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Ǹ÷һٶȣʲôΨ첻Ƶ˼ˡ
Ƶ磡

Ľϣһ½лٶޣһһ
˹Ҳա
лӰʧȥټ


2057  ɱһˣ
Ψ첻ƣ
ƾٶȣлһ±뱻İΧȦͣʱѾվľʯ棬ºͻ˾ԼʮԶĵط
ں棡ľʯлս࣬лҲϤ֮Ķĸ֪ԣһʱ㷢лڣߵˣͬʱת壬óһȫµĳ׺ݵնɱȥ
һĨĵն
ˢˢ
ºͻ˾ҲֱһתΣǵתͬĺɨ׵ͻĵ⽣âҽ棬ľʯһΧɱ̬ƣҪлӲӲ
лʵǿֳӲӲĻԾռϷ磬οп͸˹Ѿٵĳɱ
ɱһˣһľʯ棡лĵ
һбϡ
ʱۣ֮ǰлβǵ˳δˣҲδ˷κһߵڶȥ˱㵽ľʯǰԼ׵ĵط
ºͻ˾⿴һľһֱл𺳵ĸо
æ֣лֵĻᡣ
Ҳľʯ㹻ʱ佫ͳͳȫһĻᣬлȴ
һл˵ɱһˣɱľʯ棬⻰Ӧˣôлʿؽﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣǻܴܵӰ죬ѷӳǿս

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ĽѾ̤ºͻ˾˵ĵ棬ûκε棬ֻǱܹ˵ĹҲֱľʯ档
ֳȫľʯ߾ٳл׺ݵն¡
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лǰȥ
ۣ
ֱӶ׵ĲӣϵﻤҲסܡ
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ˣԵٶۿۣܹлĶ֣׷׵Ծǰɱֻº΢ûгǰ
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궷Сģ˹¶ݣΪء
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ؼǰͬؼֻܱء
˻ΪأлҲҵȶͼѸٵתļ֮ͼ֮֮ȥ
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֮леܹлṩʱһ
֮ʱһʮ׳䵶Ļξ߸ʮҲĳɱȥ
ǹɱֶν˰ĴϢᣬлҲ


2058  ֮ǿ
޶
ݣ
߼ǿĴںϣ񵶸߾ٿУǿ񱩵߶ľ֮ϣƾҵĶƱɢһŵƾճ֣˴ʹɫȻһ°է𣬺
Ϊл֡
𣡡
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֮۳һɫлצķֱӷ죬ܲзš
ĳ֣˷ӿ֣һʱǿƥǿߵӰ
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֮˫飬ǿס籩ϮҺ̬ģҲ̫࣬ǾʵγʵֵƵģɱһ涯ѣ޷ȫۼֵ
أأأأأ
ͳͳ󵹷ɳȥźºҲòˣñС
·սǲ֪ж٣лߴֱȵĺˣʱľС
˼飬лȻһ˴ߴ֡
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Χ˵ľ̾̾ŵı׿췲͸е·˺ݺݵĳһǶ⡣
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лչȫٵȶţʹٶȲϵţﵽ㾳֮󣬵һξķٶȡ
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ٶǳܾеٶȼ޵ģҲ֮ܵħӰ죬µΨһһܵӰٵİɡ
ˣлٶԾоΣգû룬ʱȻ̵ļ
ŲʷĴüļľŲʷͼ˸һĨ貵ľŲʹâٵһķҲȻѿɲǼ䣬ԲǧڵĿռһ󲻹ɵĲٷелϾֹʩչػҷ
ǿռǰ󲻹һ룬ָ̬
ŲʷȴѾתЦĿл
лֵĿŲʷˣиоﲻԾȴҲﲻԡ
лڻ֮޵Уڻ֮棬㻹޵𣿡Ųʷ˵ŻȻǣһڰͷǿѹֱӺѹ
ǻ֮ˣлѸٵĲ鿴ܣȻǻ֮Ͽһǧ׵ĸ߶ȣԶħڵٶ׵ĸ߶ȡ
Ҳ˵žŲʷʩչֶǴһ뿪֮Դ˰ħĽ


2059  лĿ
뿪֮һлָ̬
лս䣬ǾŲʷ˾ͷ޴תˣǻع鵽ԼĴһǿ۷ʱڡ
֮Ĳ࣬Ǿ޴ġ
ǳͰͷ֮ԽǵлиֶΣҲͷⰡһ档
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ŲʷɭЦ˵ˡ
лһơ
л׷ɱŲʷˣһ¿ȫתˣҲлûʲôĻᡣ
ҳϣҲǶ֡лصʡ
Ϊ㣬ҿɷѿİŲʷĶлֹԴлߴͷĸʮ֮һݻ֮󣬾Ųʷ˶лͿʼرСĽʵ֮ǰһͱлݻٹģҲϸĹ۲죬ֹлˡ
Ҫ˵һûлᣬȻǲܵġ
л޷ǾǱ¶֮ףȻ˵أֻҪӴ棬ͨɵߡ
ֻһ¶֮ףǾζ׼ڵ˼عģϹʥڵľƣлûбѡֻȱģ֮˵ɡ
ҲܲˣʵԶĶ֡л˫̯ûаеҵ˼ܷҲ׹ҪͿȥ
Ųʷл
ھͶ֣ÿÿ뵽лνԼһ꣬Щлܹ뵽취ħ˵ĻԶͨлұ֤
εʧĺˡ
Ųʷ˰ʹ۲лǷˣթͷϣҲǹˡ
ʲô˵ɡŲʷҲʱ䣬ȷΣա
νҪҺ̣Ϊʲô֪ǿ϶вɸ˵Ŀģ˵ʲôΪǵ츳ʲôڻǸǼٵģνģǸ油ɣ޷ǵĻ˾ʹˡл˵
ڶ㲻Զͨ;Ųʷ̵׸ʲôһҪԼĻ˼ʱ򣬾Ѿɱˣڵľ
Ųʷ˳Ҳ޷㵱ȻŷǳҪãΪǣ˼ͱˣΪܱôƽ𣿺ߺߣǶΪ˻ʣϹʥʺȻһֱڿܣ޷֣Ż˼˵ġ
ЦΪһ֮˽˼ģģȻҪڱϣǿЦ֮лЦҪԼˣ֪ǵĿҪȡʥ֮ģֻŪΪʲôһҪǣǰˣ˵ʵɡ
лνΪ˼ԣŲʷһζûУ磬ƤĶȳǽʵܶ౶ǹġ
Ųʷ˲˵࣬Ǹ֪ģοЩͷӦö˶õģֻžܵķлǷԼʲôвͨԴ֣лϾȻĴܹв
Ȼǰ֮ˡ
ֻǾŲʷ˸֪л޷ð֮׹ֻܶһɱô
Ȼ֪ʥ֮ģӦףʱĻʥ֮ĵγɣһжΪܹɾ;ͷ֮ϵľ磬ʱ𣬹⴫ν࣬ħﵽ壬ս˴˻˵ʵҲΪʥ֮ĵĴڣϾ漣ĸ̫ˣħһӣΪԷһʮһͷڰǰ˴˷ӡǰЩ˵ģȻ˴˷ӡġŲʷҲڰжѡ͵ϮҪõʥ֮ĵһǣ࣬ˣĴ壬޶ȵңԶͨͷͷѡǷ
ࣿ
лЩľȣûбֳĿһɱѾ׼ܵһ˿΢
л䱸ӣŲʷ˰ģʱͣļʼɴʹﻹЩˬΪʲôлеڡ
ǵ˼ǣԶͨҵŲʷ˶̵а취ԼȥԭıʣںϣΪ࣬⣬ΪʲôҪѡǣΪʲôǰᣬͷô£ѵûֶΣƫҪѡл˵ţҲ֣ŲʷƺɵԼ΢һ룬֪ôˣͿĵ㶯֮ףʹ΢΢ĲýľŲʷ˲ش⡣
ŲʷߵѡȻǵ츳ʺϣбǵԵʣȻĻʮǰ˻ʿʼ㣬ܹҵĶԣ˸ʣһʹطΪ࣬δΣǿ츳ʣԣҪ֮ǰƾҺԶͨѡɫֻǵͣʧȥʥ֮ĵĿܣΪʲôᣬΪǲﵽ磬ˣҲ½һںϣȻȥֿڵʵ飬ʱ꣬ǧ꣬ڴڼ䣬ʵʱڣοʥ֮ĳٲʮѣǴˣֻеȵﵽͨ켶λܹᡣ
㻹ʲǰưɣǵ˻йˣһǿ˻µĽƾͻᷢãǾԶʧȥĻᣬҲ˻ʵ뿪˼磬ȴҪԭֻеȵȵͨ켶磬뿪˼ܹܴƣ˵ͷߣȻԼİ취ֻؽַܹ㿪ʼ¾һȫµ壬Ҳɱ꣬ȻҺԶͨЩȱݺƵַ
ͷǼĴڣ
ʵʵڵԼȫµ
Ҳ˵ͷˡ
Ϣȷ൱𺳡
ԶͨҲֻؽɣ᲻ַл˵
ŲʷĿһ䣬Զͨ㾹Ȼ֪
лߵһ֪ͷħʱףֻؽͷ
򵥣ǲ򵥣֪Ļǲ٣ħ֪ħΪܹǰǿ󣿡Ųʷ˵
лǾͲˣֻ֪ħɵһУԭģӦþܹٻָҴﵽȫ۷ģ㻹ûشҵ⡣
ŲʷߵΪԶͨǰ࣬Ϊ֮ò˵ĴԶ֮ͨڣҲˣʧȥͷǰĻᡣƺҲл˽ܶ࣬㷴ʵܻشż浽˭ҿɸ㣬Զͨ޷㣬µһı֮˭


2060  Ļ
л˵ĻһЩ鲢֪ľŲʷҲһЩ뷨Ҫл֪һЩ֪Ļ
СЩĻܶʱ벻á
ż׿췲ƴռսħսűʲô϶⣬Ǳ˾Ūס
лЦѣͷ֪ġ
ϾǱ̫ˣĶлᣬҲ޷ֲǿսġ
ԶͨŲʷ˱õ˭ûϵҲûȤлʥв˿ܻᱻѡУЩڶڿռ磬ǸȥƴߵģԿ϶ʥǵˣǵ˭ʲôϵ𣬹׻Ҫȡģ֪֪ûʲô˼Ȼشңͷ˭
ŲʷûĵҪ֪Ϊܻľͷ۷ĸ֣ܹħ֮սһкܴʤĴڣֻؽͷ֮ǿģħ뿪ֻؽ֮󣬲֪ʲôʵġ
ôǿ
лŲʷ˻к壬ƺͷָ۷״̬սǿģҪħ𵱳ħصʱͷĿԣҲἰ˵ħǻع飬ҲĶ֣ûпԣʵġ
ðɣ㲻֪ңԶͨô£ͷħͬΪֻؽͷΪԵҾ֪ƺְ˼ͷȥǵӶԼʵõһģΪλԵòͻл˵
ܼ򵥣Ϊ˶ȡ֮ռԶͨӦ֪ʱ괦ڼȵ˥ڣʺ϶ᣬԶͨǾͷģܹóѣҲңԶͨҪ֮һɱ䣬ˣҲ˼ˣսħ٣֮Զ˼ͷҪĴˡŲʷ˻شڣ˺ۻδȫָ
һ£л𰸺ܺ
ԶͨǾͷܹʱ֮֮أ
Ҳ㣬żʱһ˷褣лҲŲʷ˵ʸˡ
ȻŲʷĵ
л㻹ʲô⣬ǹƽ
Ųʷ˳ܹйħǷҲ紫˵еҪй
⣬֪֮лͨħɢȥأȻеؽҲϣŲʷ֪˱Ȼħġ
ʣлҪ࣬ԴͨϵΧż
Ƚһ⣬Զͨʥڵߵ˭лҲһͷ۵⡣
ʥ֮кܶڼ飬ӹɵģǾֶΣѾ޳ȥˡ
ʣµֻ
һͷ˭޷̽
һԶͨߣڶûаϢл൱Ĳˬ졣
Ųʷ˺ƵĵôЩҲ֪Ķߣܸ𣿡
ܸʲôɡл۵
ҿԸ㣬ľͷֻ֪ʮһˡŲʷ˵
л֪ܶʮˡ
ŲʷЦ
ʮˣлһʮ˶лܵĴԤˣȻûнżڡ
֪ȴż֪ģжʮңЩδ֪ģܱܿһҪϵһЩ䰵ľͷڶʮˡŲʷ˵
ʮ˸ͷٶʮȷֲġ
лҲмͷ֪ȷľͷ˭
Ųʷ˵ȻһЦҲܸôϸģһЩ棬ƹ쿴ƽ⣬ʵģΪ໹һͷͻƵģʵƽƽԶͨӦûͷһʮǰɾ͵ģ緽Уȷʮʮͷħ緽棬ȷͷ
˵лһ£Ųʷ˵Ӧûһȵľͷ
ЩҲ̫֡
ĿޣҪ˵ּͷ޷ţǰжʮҵľͷ꣬ûоͷ֮Ļƴôͷﵽʮ֮Ҳ֮УһֱģҪͷɫģĿ
л֪ʮһͷǾͷɫ꼶ôʮʮǾͷɫɫģҲһɾͰɫġ
Ըңħô˰ɡŲʷ˵
лһħģħΪܹ߻ʱ꣬һڻ֮ǧɽۣ֮żʩչϴͨϳˡû˵ʵԭǲþŲʷ˶Լʲô룬ĻҲͻżǿᣬ̼Ųʷͷһ¹żˣڶԶɱĿǰԾδҵǸط̫⣬ż淽޷߳Ҳʱû취ǰȥѰƻħǲֹģ˴Զɱ
Ųʷ˳֪ģ
ȻǴżȡļ䣬㲻Ϊżֻ׿췲֮ɣ˿ɲһҹǼżֵֻҪﵽͨ켶磬ͻ֮߳͸ħڵһЩڣǵлʵ˵ŶˣǿҲ͸
ʲô򣿲ڰǰӡģʱżȻĻͲˡŲʷ˾ȵ
ಣ
ھŲʷ˻û˵꣬лͻȻһߣԶȥżû͸ҲûǸϾǱӡĵط֮˵ǹŲʷ˵עӶлߡ
ٶȴﵽ޵лһգۼ㱬ȥף˻֮Ͽգء
Ҫߣֻͨ
ˣңŲʷ˴ŭ
лƺʲôвģû뵽лȻѡߣЩˣΪʲôأ޷
Ųʷ벻ͨҲлɵߡ
һﵽͷľŲʷȻһХһΣˢһ£ԭʧ
ٶȳֵʱѾ˫վǴ֮ϣлλãͺлһͷײĻƵġ
ŲʷǻԵģг򣬷עٶȷǳͻܹұƴٶȵǾǾŲʷˣϰͷ磬ٶȸǱ̬ĺܡ
Ųʷһץȥգл·𱻶סһ޷ֺ


2061  ս
л֮ʱһ뷨аٷ֮ʮϣԽӴ棬ϾٶҲǳһ޶ˣͨ켶УҲʲô˶ܹ֮ģοҲԶ
ȴǴĳϡ
ͷľŲʷʩչٶлĿ࣬ǵȷһ棬ﵽͨ켶λʱˤɣڵȷ̫ңԶˣ޷ƴ
һץͷǿչֳ
ʲôνĿռ壬ǴܹƬأƾлþȫ޷ֺ
ҹŲʷһ
ǿлȥ
ô죿
лԺѸٵּͷҪԸŲʷˣõİ취ɾ꣬޷ʹãʣµľǰ֮׺;ͷܣȻͷܻδȫָ˵ѾǾͷɫĽɫʥ޷ͷսҲǺܱߵˣʣµİ֮ףҪãõİ취ܹһɱʲôۼñʶݡ
뵽л㰵ĵ֮ס
λɫѾǷǳӽͨ켶ˣ߶İ֮׵Ҳǳ֮ˣȻ൱£ð֮׺ͻƵʥױ˴˴̼ɱŲʷ൱ڰͷ겻ڻ£Ͼ𾳽ɹ˻ɱͨ켶λֵ顣
Ųʷ˷ȥ
ȫǱģлҲþȫս޷һ£˿
޴Ĳడ
Ųʷ¶Цݣͬķǳעлֹ㣬ϾйдӽɫɫĿܣʱ޶
˲ϵؿ
лڵİ֮Ҳв
˸Ŀԣ˴˶ŶԷ
˭
ھŲʷ˼ץסлӵʱлδоʲôŲʷɫȻһ䣬ͻȻһȻһȭ˹ȥ
أ
һӴײ
ԭǿľŲʷ˵ʱһҽУ޲ɿ˶лҲûлûֵĻᣬϾǾḻһӣ漴Ҳط𣬺Զɳȥ
лͺ񱻵һʯͷһӸ˳ȥ
ಣ
ǿµڳȥлûл֣ӳȥһǧףȴԾ̾Ųʷ˵Ǿḻʱ̣ˮ©һӣкܶİ棬Ҳл۽ˣַֹܵҪա
ȶͿһӰͬħޣЯƣطɳʯޱȵĳײȥ
Ųʷ˱͵ϮδˣҲŭһѸٵĵ
䣡
潻档
ͬʱһ󵹷ɳȥ֮䣬ѷ¡
ԵٶףվΡ
սԺ죡Ųʷ˿͵Ϯ֮ˣʱޱȶ
л˷ܡ
Ȼսʲδ뿪
֮ǰ˵Ҫڻ֮ģȺṩսħսűӶԼһɱġ
лžŲʷһЦˢһ±û¡
ɲŲʷκλᣬԼбɵĿܡ
ǱУսԺðлҲˣսԺ;Ųʷ˵һռݵ꣬ʵӦ൱ǰͷɫֻ꣬ǾŲʷ˱̫ǿʩչǿһߣҲǿʢһˡ
û°ɡսԺ
лЦ¡˵ŻӿռָóսϽǰӦܹ϶ġ
ս񽣣սԺ۷⣬ץսϽֶЩ˵ʺսʵıʱĩսսħƷ˶˼磬Ҷսģսʺսϡ
ǶϽѣ׼ͨ켶κҡŲʷߵҲӿռָóһ˳ǹ
ǹǵлһķɳȥǹھŲʷѡʱ򣬸ձ㽫ǹռָˣʶĿ֮С
ǲҵ񵶰ɡлȥ񵶡
áսԺץ񽣣һɾս⼤սϽƺ̼ܵһ㣬ҲҵĲĽһ̣սԺ·սһվлоƺսħڿľһƳս˵ĳ಻ͬǴ˵ĸоȴһģһġ
Ҳ˵սԺ켫ܳΪһλս
ͻͻ
леռָһ̷սϽһأϽó
ո뿪ռָǶϽĲ֡ಡһ±ȥսϽĶѴ
߽Ӵӵų貵Ĺâ
սԺȻսǻʵʰƵģӿȥƵǶѴȻڻںϣٶ
˼飡
лЩţǰѶϽģȴ޷ӵļôڵӾֻһͣսԺĺսսΪģ˵ӿνޱȣĪ
ãããŲʷ˽ǹǹ⻺طڵ֮ϣĿޱϬķҵȶţؼһţüļľŲʷͼԽԽѹֵԶͨԣǵڶս񣬵ʱһţ˵ܵõսűЩܹԶĸԭΪսһս飬ΪսΪսꡣ
ţ
κսűܹԶϣ
лһϽЩ߰սűͳͳóսвƬмʮء
ȻսвƬҲѸٵںеһ֮ģ׷׵ĻľЩƬ
ͬʱս񽣺ͼвƬҲƺĳֶƵġ
սԺָһһѪս񽣵ĶѴ
ѪɳǵȺľŲʷٶȳɱķ˳ǹأĦ̶죬ҲһҰĳɱ
ս֮սԺһ㡣
ЩвƬżľתһֵӰսԺȥĺȻҲһС
žžžž
ײ
ЩƬȻϳһƣսԺս񽣰ȻվӰ
лĲһֵļǳʧȥʶֻսܵ꣬ҲԳΪս飬ֻսԺ죬սսħ֮֮ſܵĶ
ҿս飬л·ܵĳĴ̼һһģĻԺУǺȻսսħսĹ̡
ֻǶݵӣ˸һдսľ漴ʧˡ
ͬʱսԺ;ŲʷҲˣһսܣһ÷ǹһ棬ŷſĶлԺȻ両ֳȭߴ󶷼еĵĶսƣ嶷ɱ̣߱ѸٵںûʲôӵںϹ̣һգۼ䣬󶷼漣ĺΪһ壬һȫµĶлԺԶðһ֡
ɱ


2062  
ôͻأĳɾɱле޷ţҪ֪ǰں϶ǻѺܶʱȥȥõģǶԽǿںϳĶԽѣȭĳȴ߶ݣ󶷼ˡ
ȫ¶ɱΣ
лûȥʵ飬ֻƾожϣ˶֮ŭǿʢֻ֪ܹأ޼ɱɱĿֲˡ
лڴ
ŸֶںϣԼɲǷѸٵĳ͡
ʱ壬ռ壬궷ȵȵĴںϣȫµģҲ˵ʷֲĶǱɲǷˡ
ķУһǿϢѹ
Ųʷ˱ɱһǹһ⺮ƿӹУеĿ³ɢγա
ǸոսܳԲΣתţսҲ͸춯صս⣬ǶƣǶģսԺĳ֣սҲ޺޵ĳײȥ

ǹսܡ
ո۵սӲǵס˷ǹĳδѡ
ŲƣŲʷ˴ŭķҵȶһžŲʹ⻪ѸٵٵĽ볤ǹڣǹŵķͬһ㣬˻һŲ㱬ľŲںϣѸ͵Ĵݵǹ֮ϡ
ǣ
ǹսܣݽȥԼһס
ֲľŲʷ˿һ͵ĽݺݵǰȥҪսܣȻɱսԺ졣

սԺ챻ȵˣеս񽣻ں֮У޷ֻ֣ʱսֵܵ
㱻ȵȥ
ء
ֱߵˣսԺײʯͳͳĽײײ飬Ծ޷ֹȴĲ
սһĨĺ⣬ѴֺϣҲڸա
лۣĶžŲʷ˵ıĿԽŲʷˣսԺĿԡ
ֻĿԵһ˲䣬л̸оսԺ뷨
ಣ
εض˴߿ա
񵶳ʡ
ؼ䣬ǧ֮ңһħޣҪ£ͬѷɫս⼤
໣
˵սԺҲͬʱһХȻֹסеսҲѸתһĺâ֣սһ½ǹסˣֵսҲ˳Ųʷն˹ȥ
սȻա
ͨ켶ڰͷչֳǸ׿췲ְܱģֲ֮
Ųʷǹȴ޷γһһ࣬ǹ˵ֵս񽣡
꣡
ų׼ͨ켶ķǹȫյսǰκεֿսһնϣŵķҲһĲҽУһĨɢǹһͷ˵꣬񱻳׵ն顣
ǿĽҲŲʷˡ
ˢ
Ųʷ˱һԷѸٵǰס塣
ӣķë
ǿµĽԾǴ͸ػھŲʷ˵ǰһɭɭ˿ڡ
ǿҲŲʷԭصɻȥ
лĹҲ֮
޶
ɱ
ȫµĶɱ޶ĻϽдںϡ
ն£һƬأԲڶͬʩչ޼ɱƵģ׷׵ıƬ
ֲĵҲ㣬Ųʷ˵ĺ󱳡
˻
Ųʷ˷һ˻һŲʹ⻪ֵǾ壬˸貵Ĺ⻬һģ
䣬ˢһʧӰˡ
Ȼǻع鱾塣
л͵һն£ǾҲ֮飬׵ķ飬һžŲ͸ڵģҲ˵ΪܹںϣŲʷ˿ɷѿģŲԴóӦá
ľŲԴ̼лҺ̬һ
ĽҺ̬ͷųǸŵʮҲŴӳ
ľŲԴ㱻ʮˡ
ԭʮֻͽΣûʵڶģɾŲԴ߱ʮȻõһʮķչȥ
壬ҲǾŲԴ֮֮£׵ıյһ˿ûʣ¡
лĿǲĶɵһ
֮ǰɱķµķǼٵģķһȥԶڡ
лķȻֻЩңʧһЩˡ
ǷеľںϷͨͨطɵģʵĶսԺ˵㲻Ǿ𣿽Ҳȥ˰ɣٶȻġ
𣿡л
սԺЦȻںϣеǷص㣬ȻĻԾŲʷռ˵ǰͷҲܷӳǰٶȵģûлԣԽ̺ŵľŲصתΪľ͸֮ͼ֮ף
˵Żһ㡣
һڷ棬ڣһŵķ֮лҲͷųա
ȫɽȥļ֮ͼ֮Եõ൱̶ȵǿ
ٶȶԣнĳɵȻҲкܴģ֮ͼ֮ױϾ˴ɵĵز
߰ɣȥҵʱ㡣սԺ˵
лͷͬ⡣
˱뿪֮ĸһصɽһɽĶڣսԺʱĳ֮ǰл˵ء
֮սԺظս񽣺սܣлĻҾͲ˵ˡ
ǰˡлﻹܸмսԺָԼ֮׽أǰĹؼڣ֮£ûʲôõսսܷûˣǰ⽣ս飬սս飿
ҲˡսԺЦû沢Ǵսս飬սħս飬ˣսʱ򣬾ûдﵽ۷壬ƾŲʷһʹõķǹҲܴƵġ
սѾȫգѵطָˡ
лսսħװ֮ս飬תΪںȫµսսħװ׼ģ
ǵǣսγɣֻ˵һ㣬սսħȷѾսǵδȫ𣬵ҲѾڵ;ƿݣʱĽ׶Σ겻ϵУǱһЩ꣬ȡܶĻᣬսγɣӵսıֻҪܹսϵҪ󣬱ͨս飬⽫ʺԼĶսԺ˵
սĹãлҲˡ
Ϊս飬ս񽣲ŻḴյġ
ǰ˵Ҫңлʵ
սԺЦû㱻ͷ˹п飬ҶѾ֪ˣ޳ܵľٶǵ飬׼бȻĻ˼ȻΪӣ۸Ǿնɱ˹пˣ


2063  ͷ޸֮
նɱ˹пˣ
һ飬Ҫ֪˹пͷɫĳͷɲͨľͷܱģ˼类лնɱʮ֮һ꣬ɽԾµľͷ֮һ屾Ǿܹսַ
磬ȴصĵͷųʹͷǿ˭֪µӦͷ˹пˣȫսʱǲڲԼκֶεģУƣӹռָȵȣսһȫµĸ߶ȣκ˶ɵģҲΪˣйͷҪ壬ȡЩ뷨ջǴˡ
˼־ȻҪնɱ˹пˣķͷ
˼ǲġ
ǿ˻ҲǸոͻƳɾ;ͷѣҲǺɫĵز˶ǰͷˣ֮⣿
ǰûЦɣл
飬м١սԺĵ˹пħжѾʼˣµƣҪ֮󣬽˹п»֮Ͽգħնɱ˵һ£Ц˼ϣ˻Ѿ˼Ϊģȡʥ֮ġ
лָԼıӣ㵡
Ȼõʥ֮ġ
ֻǳ磬˻ѾǾͷ˰
⣬ôԣ˻ʸʺϣѾǾͷˡлȻҪõǴӴ˼Ļ˻ʵõõġ
˻ȻġսԺ˵Զʥʵ괴ʥ֮ģΪֹҲ޷ȷʱ䣬ֻ֪ʱ꣬ʮܹ֮ʥ֮ϿɵģĿǰΪֹ˾ͷɫϵģҲֻһ˿ԣǾ㡣
лգգۣԺһ⣬ʣ
սԺЦʥ֮ĵγɣǽԶʥʵĹͣͬźܴĹͣʶϿɣҰжĸ죬ʹҲ߱ԷǾͷɫ꾳ȡʥ֮ĵĻᡣ
лҲ֪ʲôζˡ
ƶʵʰǺܴʣʵʰѾǰδеˡ
ȡʥ֮ģԷǾͷɫ꾳ϵȡİл벻ʲôˡ
˼ϣ㱻˹п޳ܵʹԸ˼ٲǶ˼һỊ̄Ψնɱ˹пˣܹǣҲǵķչսԺ˵
˼ڱѹ̬Ѿʮ꣬ٲҪڳĬˡ
ڵҪڳĬб
˹пˣлһҲӿǿս⣬Ƕ֣ɱ˹пˣֻҪһᣬþͷܺͰ֮ףҲǿġ
սʥʣ˺һ֣ľͷܡսԺ˵
ˣ
лɻĿô¡
սԺЦ˼ǰ򵥣ڷͬҲǵ˱ǷŲʷ֮ǿİͷ֮һǰͷ۷ǿߣͲһͷ磬šһ£˵˼ϣҲӦõģ˵࣬Ǹʱ˼۷ĸ֮һҲ͵ģƽм¼սֻΣԾǾŲʷˣԶ֪֮ͨĴڣǳΪʡ
ʣлҡҡͷȷû˵
ͬˣҸһ֣˼纱ĸ֣Ҳ͵ˣȻ֮Ե͵Ϊһطûд֮ǰǲֵܳģɾ֮ΣһսĨɱֻط˵ĺӣ޷ͬʱ߱ͷ׵ֻطˣڶսɱʹһʹҪΪħһǱ֣սնɱˣҲ֪Ȼʵ̬̫ܵƣҲù͵͵ͷ˼磬ҪѰͻʷ֣նɱ꣬ȻϷһ߲лռ˵塣սԺϸĽһ顣
ʣһδйʲô˵˼ǿߡ
лֹ˼絮˶֮ţ˭Ҳ֪Ա֤ǵоû˴ΪﵽǷĵزЩž˼ص˰ɡ
Ĵʣǰͷɡл
ûǰͷƺˣǰͷ۷徳磬һ̤ͷ硣սԺ˵
ѵҲлȻҪ˵ЩʣۼȻʥǿαӦսԺ˰ɣҲѸ͵ʵˡ
սԺЦȷһҲеȻͨλʱ򣬾еӴפڣ˼һѰٶռһЩϵһԶˣǵĵֱ֣ӳͷˡ
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ӵġսԺЦս񽣺սܣд˶Ҳɽս飬սսħսﵽǰ㾳磬ӦҲѰɡ
ĴʾΪһ߳ɾ;ͷ硣
ͷɫİ˹пԾſԽĺ蹵Ҫ֪ͷܵǾͷɫͱ˹пһɱˡ
ƺѶԸҵľͷ껹δ޸޷ӳսл
ħɽսԺЦ
лһн˹пħɽħɽͷش
սԺЦˣ˹п˽ˣ˫شһڣܴﵽ۷״ֻ̬Ҫħɽǳ֣ܱնɱģܹţǱ֮˽ħԸоľͷˡ
ͷָܻаնɱ˹п˵ģҵľͷѾɱ䣬ﵽ˲ѷɫ۷ʱڰ˹п̫ĵزֻꡭл˵
Ҫ㣬Ѿ޸ͷܵİ취սԺЦ˵
лϲʲô취
սԺһһɫĻţڷפռ֮𣬽佻ͷܣȻֻҪǿаŵķ˵Ļ棬ڵԡͻᱻ֮𼤷Ӷ޸ͷܣָġ
̫ˣл˷ܵĵ
ͷָܻǾǾͷɫʵԴϺ촸ԪɷôսؽﵽһǷĵزýɫµľͷ޷֮ˣɫϵľͷܹż
ɴ˾ͷܣлµ˭
лȲóͷܡ
սԺҲֽɫ֮׳ȥ֮ȻıھͷܵĽɫʥ˵ĵطѸٵС


2064  ս
֮Уƾһ˿΢ӦлԸоͷܵĻָ˼ĳɳ
˾Ͳ˻ˡ
ħж٣лʵ
սԺħѾǵ󣬱˶Ϊܱѷɫܶ࣬õ鱨ʾʵʵܱ綼ǿһߣȻǰǲͷУ򲻵еʱմִ͵ħ磬ٳһǰʱմ൱ĸֽ磬Ҳǵĳ֣ǰãؽעǵתƵġ
֮⣬˼ڴȵıڴųѾɻˣٹһЩʱգͷĽ˼ˣǣڵԶͨŲʷ˺ƹͷѾЭ飬ͬǩԼûʥ֮ĳ֮ǰˡ
ԼǹµһԼˡ
лܹõƽʥҶܹ޾ԼΣգֻǻƽʥΪֹδκεټѰ
ǹˣа취ǰô˵ڵħĳطһдˡл˵
սԺȷˣ˾Ŀǰδſܷ񽫾Ųʷճ
лȻվ𣬾Ųʷճǰ˵Ųʷ˱˵ħ磿
սԺ˵ͷ
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лǶʧʮ֮һ꣬ѵչػָ
սԺʧʮ֮һ꣬һֺαҪȥأ˵׼ħɽͷҲܹǣֻԶԣûǰǿˡ
һϵе飬ʾ𲽵򲻿ɶֹĵزͷԲ֣Ҳζʥ֮ĳܲԶˡ
лҸøɵʲô
ȱһϺõıԽһȫӳȥһħĹһʥħǹ׼ͨ켶ǹӡһʥףʵ˵Էӳʥ׵ҲĴͷֳĹؼսԺ˵
ʥħǹħĹħصĶУȷļء
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ħĹƺڻ֮ĵطл
㲻ҪŹȥսԺЦڱս񽣣㾡ܵĿսսħ֮սһЩ棬ܷа
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սԺеһ㣬սųһ貵Ĺ⻪ͬʱһǿսͷų
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۸ոմܵ˴̼Ĵӽڴһһ±㽫۷ȥ
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ҶṩŨϢսṩľս̼лսҲٵĳɳš
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ȻŲʷ˱ôһƻָˣƱҪǰԸսʵģս񽣺սܾ㹻Ųʷǰˡ
ǾŲʷǿҲ޷ûµġ
ããҾͿ԰ˣ˹пǰʱһԳͷġսԺʮĵ
ڱȥħĹл˵
ǰĴͷΧ˹пˣǲڿǼƻܣħɽãħãʥħǹʥоͷܣȷһξɱ
һ¡սԺ˵õʥħǹ֮ҲҪ͸ʣս٣Ȼڻ֮Ͽգʱ͸Ҫȡʥħǹ֮⣬һҪɵ飬Ҫɱһˡ
ɱˣл
ԣ˾ڻ֮ڡսԺ˵
лȻ˭
սԺŵķأ
ŵķأֻһλĸ֣ɱʲô壿лĵӡУŵķؾһС󣬲սԺرע֮ϸ룬ƺҲЩ֮ͬʱ巽۷弶δ֣ŵķΪ׵ģ˵Ҳǵ󣬸۷弶ַ˵Ҳܲġ
ŵķݿɲһ㡣սԺһ˵ŵķ֮壬ɱ˹пֻҪȻǰ֮ġ
л֮壿
սԺ֮ʱҪһָʣдʵˣ沢ôɫȴԼĴһЩ飬˵ɣͷ˹п֮ԸһƳأΪһ鰲ŵķصڣţӦ֪ʲôɣ
л˵ͷ


2065  ħ֮
Ǵзһ֣ܹҵ֮壬ԼĴУ֮ʵһ֮ﵽ磬ôͻõһηԾʽŵķ֮壬ôͷ˹п˽ŵķڣȻ˹п˾ˣûһֵ֮󣬱Ȼᷢ޴ı仯ܽ˻ᣬһٳͷɫĵز
һŵķĵλȻǷǳһģ֮ǰıҲͿˣǽնɱǱͷ˹п˵飬Ӷ޷ߵľ磬ɱŵķأȻ֮
ֻҪŵķڻ֮ɱѴ֮л˵ĺܿ϶
ڵܹ֮ɵŵķأиػУֻɱĻ»ǰͷ˹п˵ģǵļƻҪץ׼ʱС
սԺ춣չ״̬
лҲʩչ뿪˵ء
ֱħضȥ
ΪʱħǿĴڣٶ꣬ԾɱΪħأϾħǵħľֻǺһħűȡģħǵħ絮ġ
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ض˸Χ˵ǵħڱ繥֮Ψһһ޷˵ĵطħڣֵġ
лһڵط
˵߰׸ɽȥ·мͨҪԽɽҲǿԵģɽ˹۲죬һ֣Ȼᷢսģصĸһ֣бɱˣħڣûоͷûаͷ֪ͨ켶ֻǴڵġ
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Ϊˮ鿴Ƿͨħģû뵽ȻԲԳ
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ֵܣˡ˵Ц
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뱩¶Լʵ߶ͽȥ΢ʩչһ£սѸٵ½
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ܲˡ˵лļͷЦǺǵĵ
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˵Ц䣬㴩ԽɽмͨԼ֮ǲڽħصĺ
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2066  Ϣ
ʮܹԼۿľ룬Ī׽л˵²ŨȤ֮࣬ҲһЩĵģܾ˲򵥣ҶƺĳĿġ
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һȭ𣬿෢ĺХתŴ͸һȭ磬׷׵Ǿ޴ӥ档
һܼ춯У棬ʹ˷Ĳҽӥˣƴȶӥٶޣٶߡ

Ƶ磬ȻûռϷ磬л̽ʩչ½ϣٶٶ
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лһߣٵӵǰһµסȥ·תѾϼȫ׵ֱֱץ˵Ĳӡ
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лһЦȻӿ죬ءһ£ץסӵĲӣӥʮأ΢һ˱һϢ
㲻ɱңɱͲ֪ˡɫҰ׵Ľеͨ켶ԶڵľԳȻԸôȥġ
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˵Ȼһ֪ʲôġлĵûʲô˼
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ǾҪ˵ʲôطлҪŪνʲô˼ǲЩػ˵صˣ浢鲻𣬻Ӫá
ǣȻʥħǹ
˴εĿɾʥħǹأҪעˣնɱͷ˹п˵Ҫһ
ڣڡ˸Ҫ˵ͱлһ˫ĳɱ۾ţŨɱ׹ߣӵĿ־塣
־壬ǡ޷ĵһЩ򵥵л۱ܹ׽ϳ˵Ǽ١
ʲôطҪƭңлĵ
ǡָϷǰлķǡǡ෴
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лֳĿռָ㽫ٶȷӵޣϷ쭶ȥٶȼ޵ı֡
뿪֮˵±ȰǾʬǰ
ʥħǹͣ˵·һЦ漴лʧķɫЩǿСӵսôǿ߹磬ȻɻɱµĻٶȣҶδܹٶȷţҪǰɱٸһʱ䣬ҶΣˡ
˵һЦиȥ
ȫǰлٶǷǳ˵ģ۵׷Χûãбֳˡ
ԾôȶˣԾһĺԾս죬ԾһϮϤҹװԾ޼᲻ݵǹʮ֣˿ûȴ˼ԽսԽ£ƣԾѰǷء
ǸսŮˣһʮΪлǸѡڣ԰εŮˡ裡


2067  صĿʦ
ʵһǻİûڣ֮޵㺱֮ĹϵѾһڲľлܹصİԼΨս
Ļ𱬣磬ֵΧ֮УƴصζǹΧҲʱסһзֻҪȻæҵġ
һ겻Ҳʮսɱ볤磬Ѿǳλɫʵˡ
һû䰡ԾôսԾôʵл裬ٶȼӿ죬һҪӵ뻳еĳ嶯
лӿٶȣֱ߳ȥ
һ׵ʱ򣬳ɱϢǰٵĳɱɱлȥ·
վ˫ֱأӵĿлͷצħޣĶ
ԭһ³ȥлͣ
Ҫ貢ûʲôΣգ𿴹ض࣬ڲϵظıƣ๥ƣսҲŹ࣬пʵı֣ϾΧĶһЩλֺλǿߣǽӽ˱սȫӦġ
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һ죬סˣʱˣίҾħ֮һ޽֮һ壡
壿û˵лʼ磬ǰ֮˺Χ֮ʲôǾ˵Χ֮ˣһˣ˾Ǵġ
Цɱ㣬֮Уû˲֪ˣ
лרҵģ֪Ҫﾭģǲǡ
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лͷ֪ˡ
ܹ֪·ߵģֻбɱˣб֪ǱȻ˵ĶԻӪģлñɱԼӵۻ޷ˣֻһ˿˵£
Ҳ˵˵ѾˣܿʶʵˣȻΪɶĪԼӴء
Ȼ˵ģôԼΧǧҵķΧԷֵĵط޷ġ
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µ޽ʵһ㣬ǳλˣƵĴħޣǾͲöԸˡ
βħٶ̬ħ֮һβζ˵β׵ĻᣬβȽ⣬ǺħΨһﵽͷħޣȻҪɱΪβǷǳѵģʼǰ֮һɾβȻųͨ켶λβǳ۷ɫĵز
ޣħޣвٿɳܹѰһԵĵҴ˳޵Ļʯ֮ҲĴħǿģȻͨ켶λɫĴڡ
ħƯı
ħ޵ļһͨ켶λɫ꣬һǳ۷ɫ꣬ԶԽʵġ
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ħУ˫ħĹͣƼ޵ķǿٴһǿĳޣһٶȼβ˵ѵĴ䡣
ĴħһԶʵȴǱƵģħ֮ԼкܴԼԵģһһֻһֻħǩԼȴֻħޣʵԽģֻĿʦˡ
Ĵħޣʵ뺷ܲлЦЦĿ壬νĿʦɡ
ûҾǿʦҲΰĿʦͷȻֻ֪֪޽λһ޽ͨ켶λǿߣȴ磬ΪʲôΪΰĿʦĸԭֻͨħħ޺ϼޣΪңǷ˱죬ΪڵģҲѾ߱ٴɱĻᣬõĽٶǰͷĴڣҽħǿĴڣ
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һﲻɣôͲƵģһЩԼܣñѯʣͶ˵ˣ
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˵Żл˽ȭףǰȥ
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ǹԵģһǴʮ׸ߵӣȫһܵ棬ͬһСɽƶħϵ޷졣
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ĸħޣҶҪˣ˷ܵлĶ춯š
ˣлһ۳ʮ׸ߵͬСɽƵĳޣһЦץ޵˳ȥ
޵̫ǳǰǷǳСġ
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ңͬһһı꣬ǶԼʵţͨ켶λһȫײȻһö޵ֵǲ
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һ±ħ޵
Ȼѣ˷ɽĻǣǿ޵Ҳصڳ˶ޱȵͷϡ
أ
һƵмһ˶Ĥ˻
ӴĳضֱӱҵһƬѪ꣬Ծħ޷ˤȥһǧףҵĲѡ
һҲ忴Ŀɿڴй۲˵²㽫Ӹɳ⣬ĸӦر񣬾ڷţħ޵ϴݳȻ궼ڵͱһ㣬޵Ļһӽ
лǿ޵ԹԵ棬Ĵħ޶ʲôã
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ָ΢޵лţЦЦĿ壬ǰɣΰĿʦھҪ㣬л磬ʷһ޶Ŀصʦ


2068  ΰĿصʦ
صʦ
⵱ȻڵģϾħ޵ʲôħ޵Ѫδ֮ǰûʲôսģΨ޵Ƚ⣬ģʱ򣬶ʱѹʶҲͳ˶һ޶ħ޵
ħ޵Ƚ⣬֪߱ͷɫ¾û˸Сˡ
лҪԼʹħ޵ˡ
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ħ죬޺ɱ˫ʮָٵĶţߣûħڡ
ħͬ˷ܼƵģܱǿĳ޵Ƶɱȥ˫ħ˫ƵʵĲһź֣һصľ޴ɫƵ״Ӹ߿ջһԲȦлƼǳХϵɫҲɵĲ
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˿еɫƶɢɫĹοٵӳȥЩļƬȻļƬʼ˴˽Ǣİͬڹһģȫػĵط
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ðǾҿΰİɡлЦеĵ˿ûн̬弤ŭˡ
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лһ֣޵»عУЦеĵ壬ڸֵʶʶҿصʦʱˡ
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2069  Ĵħ޴ĺô
Ĵħ޶ѾԣûһҲδΪʦʲôӰ죬ԣⶼΪ޵ԵʣĴħĿģʶ£лʱҲ㲻ǿҲͨ켶λĴħܴ޵ı仯
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2070  ¥Ů
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2071  
˵ĿݣлͺʧҡҡͷˮƽʣҲƾиóˣǾǸͲ󣬾Ѿﵽλɲ˵츳ߣֻܽݲһ㣬õǿȫ֧֣Ŵﵽ˾ġ
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2072  ħ
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һħͷҲ֪϶⵽ԴģҲ⣬ǷͷҪһʱŵֵûɡ
лԴ˵Ǻ⣬ûоͷһж״ģǱֳ̬ܹ԰ͷɱľͷεģ¥֪ħħأѰħĹʲôĿ𣿡


2073  Ļ
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ôǰħҲȻԭ
лʣBЦл־ǿ֪𣿡
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BҲǼߴˣԾɱֱӵĻŪ΢죬Ƴһл̬֪϶Ѿϰˣ뵽лһЩ˵в²⵽ݣЦ˵Цˣῴء
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лԣͷĶߣĵڴϴ𣿡


2074  ҵ
ء
ķص
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գŶǸʲôƨհл죬ͨ𣬲ôŰĶӣҪʲôˡ

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ٿͳͳӵԼȣһƨڵϣĲҽУȫʹĲѡ
ǵҽͳͳлȵϡá
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ڰˡл»תˮ
BЦ鷳ˡ


2075  ػ
鷳Ȼָǽˡ
лĸ˳㷢ҶҵŮ˶֣ҹǽǾͷҪۡ
Զ轿һ
Ļ϶ˣȴû˵ʲôƺûԶֻǽ۵һĺΣŮθĶˡ
ͽ˷ͻBɻĵ
ţһɱʮˡ̧ͷֲǣĵǵң¥ˣҲᱣ㲻ɫǸţ͵˵ġ
л裬ǶˣԾһӣСŮ˳Ϲϵ
B˵ࡣ
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û͵ԡBڷһ˵ȴִˣⲻ˾ãѾ˱͵Եĵز
۾ģɻĵûУ
Bͨ죬ЩյĵûУ
Ŷлļͷ㻹ҪŬ
ٺ٣Ŭлգգۣ֮⡣
ǰлֻ֣һǾһȭͷҹȥЩңŤͷ𴦣ֹϹˣûȤ
ǹȻ飬B㱩ߡ
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2076  欣ѪӰʯ

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˵¥ڵŮлģģûһֳɧģŮǷɧޱȣ߼䣬͸һӵջ

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ԡץѪӰʯ


2077  
濵ĶУĪһǺò״ﵽջ˵ЧһӱƻĵȻ޴档
ЩľĿ衣
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Bз䣬֪лҪһػ䣿
л磬Ȼһ䷿


2078  ȡ
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BЦлֿˣڱȥǰ¥һЩǷҪ֪л֣һ죬֪лֵġ
˵֮B뿪ˡ
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ҹ𣡡
õʾϽҹͷų
ҹҹΪ׼ģһЩŬѾɳΪ֮ĵزֻͨļ֮𣬾ɱΪ߼֮Ҳֻһ֮
߼֮͵ͼļ֮࣬ͬͨ켶ֺ֮ľ룬޷Խĺ蹵
ֻҪ֮ﵽ߼ս
ָһһźɫҹֳ
ҹлǰš
лֽǵɫʥһ߷ǳǳ΢ؾмŵ׵Ĩȥع鱾Դ
л˵еޣʶҲûȤ֮ףҪ˷Ѱ֮׵ﵽʥ׵ĵزڰ֮Χġ
ع鱾Դ㱻лͶҹ֮С
䣡
ҹ̱費⣬Ѹ͵
ͬʱлҲֳʮӰѸٵۼΧ


2079  
ʮȫ¥Ůһɫļ壬ʽĽ󲿷ֵط¶¹֮£ԵøĶǣƮȻƺһŮ·һĨ˵ĹΡ
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ֻǴ˿̵û˰ʱ̬ȡ֮һӵɱ⣬Ȼս˲С
ǵĳ̱㱻лˡ
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лԵֿ
Ҫ뿪ҲѣﲢûжƣҪ뿪ʵɵĺܣֻһͷ
ֻŪΪʲôô
B
Ǻ񱻰ΧˡѾջسɳΪ߼֮ҹƾŶսУҲ
лЦᣬȥ
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¥ʲô˼лվſڣƯڿе濣ƽ˵
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лɻҪ֪˭Ҳ򵥣ȥBȻǡ
˵꣬ҲǶʮͨ켶֣»عˡ


2080  ̹
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۹۲лҲǰ͵ϮѰ·
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ģûĴ󡣡лĶǱزʵʵĿ·һֻħ渧濽˸սز·ظһ
㣬ʲôе㺦ˡ
ҶûȤҲҵȤز㣬ƨ̵һںûСлƲƲ죬ס裬ϲģںкǻۣòÿҲá
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װͦ˭֪ǲڼʲôǼأƨءлҲĵҹҵӡ
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㣡ָлſڽࡣ
Ҫ֤Ҳ򵥣ѵ£ˡлʼ磬˵ĺɡ
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ٱһٵߴͷʮ֮һҪ𺳡лЦеĵ
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Ҳͷ𵴡
BڴĵBӳڱչأҪлִµĻԻ͡
ϣܳɹɡлЦ¥֪¥ػɣҿڴܾˡ
B֮ǰһҪǰ˵һ䣬ħĹؿΪħĲлѣȫµڣΪһħħĹؿĿģҲħҪûĹڴŵħ壬Ӷɻع۷״̬ħ¥Ҫõġ
л˼ΪʲôעԼеĿģħĹڻһܹħع۷ħ塣


2081  ħʯ
ħлԣȷһ̶ȵ𶯣ħ壬ҲǢ˼籱ʱ
ħǸħźܴ
ħǿľͷ֮һǹϵĽʱ褺ħսսħĳͷµħȻǲһģҲΪл֮ٶȴﵽ۷徳׼ġ
ħ壬Ҫ˵лһȤûУҲЩ١
ħҲЩԣȾܹ߾ģҪܵ൱ƣϾħƽ޹¸ʹõĻᣬбǣνħ磬޷Ǿ̺ħ壬лȷûջߵһԼĵ·
ħƺˣҲ²ⲻӦһɡл˵
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2082  ʥŮ
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2083  ħ
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Ϊɫǣһһ޲ýеŮĺ֮Сûĵ
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2084  Ϲ
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2085  ħ֮
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лûаͣķֽаħڵϣսӿҴ߶֮ϣȻаħ
һε⻮棬һֱ֣ӳаš


2086  ɱ
ĵרŶ
ӣ
а˵أأδлıɱ⣬ػżˡ
ǱĻᡣ
һҪܾãɥʧģа˵ǾԽܵ顣
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䣡
˶оһҵĲ
ƵĶаͷ۵ļȻӵ۸һɫѪѪƶħķغУŨصħٶȴڼһķħ֣֮Ѹٵķȥ
˴̼аըʽĳɳ
жϽֲڵϣǰ

޴ػ棬ǿĵһ±㽫ǶϽնĳһѺۣ֮ľ޽ԵôطѺۣǿҲаѪ󵹷ɳȥصĵ档
лᵶҪ׷ɱȥ

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а跭תվʧȥһ۰ȫѪĶлɱڵģ״Ʒħ
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ƫƫ޿κΣһĴָǿҪɱǣҲô򵥵顣
¥ҪħػһҲʸ򣬸֮Э飬ħһĲò֣ҾҵֵĬǰȥɡտȥѾȫƽ
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ģһģҲġĬĿĶл˵
ԣνĲм׹ħ飬Ŀ껹Եлģǹı


2087  Σ
Ĭĵ⣬л⣬ʵ˼ҵĶ֣ҲûãҪ㹻ʵĻֱսڽɵҲøػһصĴˡ
лֽаħʡ
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Ǳץסƾ군ˡ
лϽһ˶ĿˣԴǵĵ濣֪ܰңĳңĶûȤҲײеҪ°ʹжȹɡ
һӣ˵ĿⶼͶ濡
޵ʱĺһֱֳ˫սȭͷݺݵصҼס˵Щ̲ȡ
Ŷñ˽л˰ɣףҸлļ˾ǡл

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ǺǣλհһЦǺǵֵӴȺ߳һЦݣշ𣬿ȥͺܺͰ׵ӡ
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濵Ȼ⣬Ų֪ɣػһħĹӣħ˽ںֻؽҪԸʱ˼ҵҪ󲻵ҪͶҪڵħ罨Լ֧֪ħͶֻؽ磬ԵԺᷴѭħǽ˿ĿƣҪħĿ֮£ԴħЩ±㷢˷ѣΪԼʹʼղԸ뿪˵أֻҪҵǼٵɣѵǾͳҲڵػˡ
ԻΪܣл
ܳԾɣҪ˲ãħǰʲôǣԶأԺҪ͵㡣濾һδлĻᣬ֪Ǹħֹܼ𣿡
ܼ壬лȻ֪ħǸ˼ҿܼĿͷء
лͷʾ֪
ܼĿǵõħµһЩĶˣǸûнӴΪƣѪ֮УһƷΪд֣п֮ˣؽΪܣһ֮䣬ɵضȡ䣬ȷǷҪѣǷ뵽취ӶֹǿֶΣػһѪഫȻд˼룬ƿȨĻЩѪˣпǵǼħĹڣ˵ǻ᲻񣿡˵
л۱亮âԶԶĶػ˵ı˴ĶǼ󣡡


2088  ʥħǹ
ػɶЩѪˣܹ֤ǲ˸Ȩģô˶пɵʲôΪͷһߵģϾħǺεȴڣΪͷԽģûп¥أҲᵽħĹرǿǵģǱһԱĻô
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ҿΣħħĳۣѰҵĶˡ
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ʲô˼лɻĵ濱˵شԣʵŮشԵͣˣܱһս֮ģͬŮеүǣǰδеˣ˵һݣԽˣһŻ£ûܹĦ뷨
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ħĹٶĶԶԣҲûʥħǹ󣬱ϾǹǽǸʹõĻͷʵʥ׵ڵսһͷնɱء
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ǰԸ̬СŮˣǰ޴ķǿҵĳ濹̧첲͹Եģ̶̶Ҫɬġ
գգۣŤηɧޱȵǰؼлߣһڿ棬ǵһ˿Ӵ
ԸңлЦеĵ
˵أתбŴϣ΢ĳϮһͷ㷢Ʈʽɫ¸ǽ͹ɣбţϸǶĿҵķɫ֮ǰҿһֱط˿Ŷ
лͷܰףҲЧˣҶˡ˵Żƾǰĵطȥ
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濣ҪЩˣȷ㣬ŮƯĺãʤʮҺôУø㣬¥Σ׶Σѵ֪𣿡л
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лóһᣬ׸ҹ۲ǷԵģӦñȽóٶȣõҵһӰٵ֮͸ˣǸܿ˰ɡ
㲻ˣҰɡȫţɵĽӹᣬһʱɴ۾˷ܵӰ٣
Ҫַӣлؼ׵ˡ

濸Ͻסţŷؼ׸ûˣңߣβƽˣԺǳƽˡ
еľҪȥĶӰ֮
Ҫʱеǣҿⷽ־ʲôˡлֵ
¼ȫûʲôлѿŽ޵뷨ˣһĺȻ
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زڸ첲ѹһ£Ϊ˷ܶۺԼӣ޲˳ǿҵջ
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лһԼƽı濵۾
ǷǱԼջı֡
һסˣԼ޷Ķ֮㽫ԼƳˣڷᱻջأڵʱ򣬲ûκεĻ
һʱ䣬Ŀл˫˵дã˻ңٵã󽥽峺
лҲ֮о濷·˾춯صĴ仯˶ɢ˵


2089  ۷徳
ɣ
̶̺ĴмңŮߵ·ҲͬΪٱŻиĸоʵɾٱ֮ͳ״ʧˣ֮Ϊʥ֮Դˣչֳеϣʶ̺ѺϹϵʼձɵḷ̌ϵⷽлʩչҲлĵֿﵽһ˼ĵز
ܹл֣ǶǷǳġ
ȻǷҲ൱Ϥġ
濾ǶӶﵽɾ磬ϵеĺۼȻʧкӵԸԵ֮γһֶصʣͺһָǧŮԪ˧еӢ֮ϱֵúǿңټϾ̧еŮζ˵ʵı仯濵ֱһӴﵽBֵΣΪ̫ʣԵҫۡ
ллŶڰĺۼ˵䣬ϹŴЦݣĺʵ
ִɱġ
˶ϲӵŮˣƫƫɣӴ֮ѷĻǼġ
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֪ͺáϸָһлĶͷסŶСŮˣһᱨġ
л۵ҾǿģֱӰƵ
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֮һʱڣһ˵սʮȣӶնɱᴦ൱ʱ˥ڡ
˷֣֮Ѫܹÿ񻯷ת䣬֮Ѫÿһ˶ʮĿ񻯣ҿ񻯵ļͳ̶ҲﵽһǷĵزǿ֮󣬽ûκεĺ֢Ҳ˥ڣʶԽ񻯣Ϊ塣
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лǸ־ɣЦԭˣвҲǺܴ󡣡
濸˵־ɵĿ£ԺвлնɱаḶ́ٶ֮£ȷ÷־ɿ񱩱仯ģʱ䲻
Ӱ𣿡ʵ
ǣҲǷԡл
濱죬㶵Ŀлһθол֮Ƿԣȴٶǰ㳬̬ĵزʲô˲ܹ
־ɵĳ֣һٵļ룬лΣС
ػҲҪˡ
ħĹصĿҲﵽȻ
лǰֻһ뷨Ƕȡʥħǹ˵ڶ뷨նɱħ˵£˽߹ҲԼδһµĵˡ
ο˵ܹ֮ΪħʯҲ˵˵µкܾܿħʯġ
Ѿ߱ҹⱭټħʯлʥӶõľ߱ð֮׽Ϊ׵ʱ
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ѪӰħʯǽħĹصıƷ԰ɣл
Ȼǡ濿϶ĸ𸴣лǺðɣǣҪչˡ˵תȥ
һ£׷ں棬еʱչأᱻ˴ŵģ϶Ĭעص㣬չأǸĬɱ㰡
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ұչأͷֶ˺ҷֺлȻ
ʹɣ㡭أĿл¥֮ƾʧˣܰٶٿ죬Ҳһۼ°
ұеطûлټҲȷصģ濲֪лԺη
սռ䣬֮⡣
˵һĬһٸĬҲҵлġ
սռڣлóҶѪӰħʯ
Ҷṩ֪ģѪӰħʯлڴ̼ʱ򣬸ӦŴ쳣ȫԾתΪսڶʱڳϳ۷徳ġ
һѪӰħʯƯ
ͨѪ죬лƿصĿռڣûκεķĿܴһꡣ
лһ㡣
սûѪӰħʯڡ
ѪӿѪӰħʯɫģûһĺɫΧѪɫǳأѹռڣԵøӵ̣ǿѹҲɢ۳һɳصľ޴ҹƵġ
ѪӰħʯıҲһӰ
ǾħӰ˵µӰһ޶
սӿ룬һ˿񱩵ɱѪӰħʯɢһ˿΢겨һɴ
뷴лЦ趯֣սռƾոּ֮׺ͼ֮лƿصֱӺɱȥ
䣡䣡
ػ֮£һ顣
ûз֮
ѹƵĴ̴ɢл̽һץסѪӰħʯץסҶ
ӿ봿ԼӴתΪսҶڵϢͬİ磬¼ӳ֮£лķҲƵš
ֻʱ䣬Ǵ㱻ȫתΪսҶṩϢлɵĴӳλɫ볤۷ɫĵز


2090  뷨
һͻƶлԣҲŷǳսҲԣ۷弶ʵȫսκһͨ켶λ֣ؼǾٶҲųɳԵ˵ʱƽ
лûϴսռڳ

ִʱ䣬Ҷṩսռʱ䣬൱Щνµʱ䣬ȹ̾磬ںɫǰʵĿԽһ
һ壬ȫž
ȫȵлսһйһʵ˷ܸС
սռ䣬ٶȳڡ
ʱ˿̣B濺ۼν¥ٵ⡣
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ʱлͻȻƾճ֡

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лͻأBҲǳһ
ǻ֪޼ɱĴڡ
ͻˣɻĴлƾսоȷлǰǿˣһָо
лЦŵͷ
ֻǱչѰBԾĵ
սռʱ߶ǲһġ
⻹ҪлǵѪӰħʯṩĴͻųɾŵұֻӵ˰ٷ֮һˡлЦ˵
Ҳ̫˰ɣٷ֮һֻҪʱ䣿ǳ磬ÿһͻƶǧģٷ֮һôҲҪһ꣬ǲܹﵽģȴֻ죬࡭BŵĿлΪʲô˻ʻὫ㶨Ϊ˼ϣˡ
ʽµҲתʵлΪʲôкͻȻֵģлĻҲ𾪵Ըӡ
Ҳǲ˼ı顣
һֱãһһϣܹ׷ģڿֻܽų׷Ŀ֮ˡ
˲ҪģôҲԭġлֽӵ뻳УҲ˵ĻǴҪˣ԰ɣǾɣţΪñǵĻȥһط̸ɡ
˵Żлһӡ
սռ֡
ͬʱ뿪˵ȷ㣬Ӧħķ롣
ռ壿濾
BһĿռ壬ƺǿռС簡
濵ιʲôط
ҲлȴĽ͡
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νսռ䣬ԣսġ
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һɱ֡
ɱ֣ŮʱоԼĿ־壬濱ԣӱ渡ֳ
Ҫ֪ǿɶǳ磬ϵģûĿܣǴﵽͨ쾳硣
лֹͣʹãŮŻָ
ҷˣǸ̬濴е̲ı̬ˣûȤ
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ⶼˣϵ졣
ҵСԣҪȷǲBΪƶļƻҪǵĻӦʤĴ㣬Ҫĳ˵Ļл濣Ҿֻñ׷ɱ׼ˡ
濺޺޵Ķлһһ֣ˣƽϣӺɷ򣬲СŮ硣
꣡
B趼Ц
лһŮ˱ˡ
ƻܼ򵥣ػħ뷨ͬҲʥħǹ뷨ȷ־յʵʥħǹϢѾȥѾ춯ǴʥħǹڧB˵
Ǿôл
BĵҲѣػ棬Ѿǵ͸˽ȥҪìֻܼȱһֻҪ֪ĸɵ־ɣʥħǹһкð졣
΢΢һüл־¥ɱĿ¥
ô࣬а취һ϶ػ֮һνӶǻƴģ¶첻ɣ濻𣿡ĵ
ҪϸãǧҪл
濷۵ͱϹˣСȴ
лһЦðҪ󡣡˵˫ʮָץĿ濵ؿȥ
лɫǣֻðˡ
лBʵʲôʱ֣
B磬һ֣ػɱ־ɣ


2091  ˣ
ƻûлƶȫBŮһִģ˵ȫܵ£ʵУöִӱרΪڶֵ֪ĻϣҪڧһǳѰ顣
лԴ˳ڴ
뿴BŮǻ۵жǿڿŮʮ֮ҲͲȥ׷ʣһǲǲС
Ŀ꣬նɱ־ɡ
ȡʥħǹ
սռڵ״̬ܿл㽫״̬ѵĵزBȳ
ԼСʱ֮лŽսռ䣬ع
Լõʱ䣬ֱ¸
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Ļһ𣬲ܹƽ⡣
һЩҪħħˣûʸ¥ǰסֻڳ۵ĵ죬¥ġ
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лۿѾĴ֣ĸרΪɱǸĬ¸ڣ¥ںػ̷ЦںȾ˵ЦƺֻΪȺӵĵ
Ǹ̶Ǹոã뷽־һ˵Цһߴ¸߳ƺҲ¥
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֣Ŷ˼Ҳ㱻Ūˡ̶嶼ڷ־ɵĻУǵĵֵûͷˡ
Ҳһ˫ȼеˡ־̶ķץţϻǼһҪɵɧ²˴
̶̬ʮĵ㰡˼Ҳ֪˼ҵҪѾжóԺӲ˼ҵʯȹ£һӹԹԵĸ˼桭˷־ɵϡ
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ףţӥצβͨۼױɫĵţſϯעĿ۾֮ϻһֻ۾һ졣
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Ҳ˵ʮʥ
Դӵ֮տʼл㽫Ͻ͸ͷʥ֮УΨһһٶȿлоΣеĵ󡭡
ӴϽͷϷһϮ˳Ⱦ˿ȹ壬ճŮߵɰңԶȹƮԵøǶǣһ˫ˮ٣ϸ۽üҴһ˿ǳ
ûҪ˼
ƺڴ˾ġ
Ϊĳ֣ϽǿѹȣʹҪ־һԵĻ᳹ɥʧˡ
Ĭ̷ЦѸٵǰ
˾ۼһҲǿģ¥ڶֽţǸơ
ǽı֡
л״֪ƻ޷У践ð棬δſںվϽͷϷӦͷ˹
Ŀԡ
ء
л͸еԼܲ
۽üҹһ˿ǳ˫ҲֳһĨĶǵĿϲ֮ɫ
˵Ŀƺһ㡣
𡫡
ϽϷХѸٵСӸ߿սǱлģȻл൱׽
һһٵ½
֮ϽСҲһӣһӱ˹ȥͷĥлš
Ҳ˸žϲ֮ⶢл裬ˡ
ڷ־ɣĬ̷Ц̶ٵ
ȥ˵ɡл
΢΢һͷƮȻ롣
һʱҲĬ˸Ϲһ̣лʩչսռ䣬ǱʧӰ٣ʲôûп
ڼƻֻӺˡ


2092  ħѪ
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л˽սռ䣬ŻȻ򣬷ֵĴڣ覵һĨߣһ˲Ĵ㵡
˵Ļ񾭴ŮǺѷֵġ
Ψ⡣
Ϊ˼繫ϵĵδľͷųδǿŮˣʱһЩ鴫֮ΨһһΪԽʥŮŮǿˣҪԽĿꡣ
ʶע
Դӳ֣۾û뿪лĴڶû֣Ͼ͸ֹŹ֮ɫ
ϲȥĶǣζɵΪսоںܶ෽棬лB֮硣
۾ͲܿĵطɫŹ֣˵Ļ͸һ˿˲˼
ͷˣ㲻ǸʮǰһֱҪҵ𣿡һ˲֮󣬱»ָƽһڣͽתƳȥˣǷǳץס㣬ǾҪԽ顣
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Ҫս㣡һһֵĵ
ĵ㻹ҵĶ֣Ҿ̫󡣡
࣬а취ֲȻ
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ÿһ仰˥֡
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迴⣬ǣʵҲռƵĵط޺޵һҧһƣұᣡ
ҶѾǳ磬仹𣿺οֻǱѣʮʱǧ඼о룬οꡣĵ
Ա˵겻ʲô˵㹻ҳԽġ
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㲻ںԼΡ
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ǣ֮ʥѾٵ侫һֲбڣҵõϢħĹظܵõǲִĻ֮ҵװܹһռɱˡ


2093  
Ŵʥʮǰ˻ʺִģҪСʱ˻ʺ涼ֻʮսʼ磬ǴľŴʥͷҪĶĶΪгɳĶ統ܹǰʮ
ʮ̺꣬ŵĸְܹ߳ͷûκεġ
Ҫ֪ν׵壬ǾȻɵģɵؼԸһ߲л̺꣬ŵ֮壬ʱںϣȻȻɱɾ͵׵塣
ŴʥǡǡǽȻɵĹɣͨΪԭҪ깦ĻֻҪɳɹҲһְ塣
Ϊʲô˿٣Ѿǳλɫĸ߶ȣлֻһߣ
Ҳ˭ܹﵽزġ
ϾлҶ췽ٶȾԶʤ˵ġ
ԭõ˷֮ʥ̺ŵĸְ壬װ˾˵ٶȡ
ΪװѡеĽ֮ˣҲڻ˾˵
֪֮бʲôطл
ҡҡͷʱûоֻԣ֮бħĹڣϢҲ֪١
ٵģħĹؿż죬֮ǰһֱرգ֮ʥʮǰħء濲
ҲǼٵģɺҵõϢħĹصȷһֱڹر״̬ǸҵĵʾħĹܹƶģƺǿػţҲǻὫħڵһЩеġ˵
ĵɴ۾
˵ܣħĹǿƶҲǲŵóõĽ¶Ȼ֪ˣô˵Ļкܴʵġ
ħ˽Ͷֻؽ磬϶ҲĵģϾħϣﵽͷģȻҲҪɾ;ͷ֮Ͼģ԰ԼҲǿܵģνػֻƵһˡл˵
Ҳ԰ˣô£ЩǶоͷˣαٲϵƶأбҪ𣿡濵
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һﾪˡ
԰ֱ˼룬ƽʱͬľܣʱŻᷴĿܣħһġ˵
л°ͣˣħƶܣҲû߰ɣǰͷпܵġ
˼ƻBʱվ
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BЦİɣħĹпܣҲħ겻֮ģħĹؾֻһʱģʱǿҲǰͷһҪ֤ԼİΣȻҪ͵ܣҸҶ϶ǿᳬͨ켶ģܿܶǳġ
ел
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BţѾͨˣڧˣҪлĽѣȻĻˣ¥һֻ֮бǸҲԷ־׻˫ԵĪء
л֮б濾ȵ
BЦУ֮ʥ飬ħ飬¥õһ飬ѰһȴʼûҵڿĿǽħĹˡ裬λԽ֮бˣܽ˻Ὣ־ճ
лǾжɣĬ̷Ц̶עħѪȻԷ־ɲ̫⣬ʱ֣׵֡
Ҳͬˡ
Ǳ㿪ʼж
лֱһԺ
Ժ¥ׯ԰ԵúƫƧλ䣬Ҳûʲôûǵ֮ûãͨ켶ֽһ֮бˡ
»֮бҲδ˵뿪ˡ
׼ɡл
Ůû¡
֮бǵ֮ʥһǣ׺һЩţתţԾһĻ֮ռ䣬Ի֮˵Ǻаģбǻ֮бıһ޵ģ·ʱϨĻ档
бһ֣ͶĶˡ
ǶǶŷǳİ
лûȫ򾭹ǰ֮£־ɿ϶СĽģҲѱûʲôĶԲ۵ģ԰ȫлۣĶͨûп̫ܹһʧһȥȡġ
һ׵ĵطսռ俪
˫ֶΣƾ־ɿطܷǵġ
ʱһš
лжţ濿ʼжʱ㣬־뿪¸ʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬷־ڳˡ
߽Ժһ۾Ϳ˻֮б
֮б־һľϲǰȥ
Ҳֻǳͣ
־ɵľֳûбǰͻأֵԵĳȥΪС
ΪԵˣһֱԶ⣬һζԣΪڻԷ棬ʼûи߳Ķ֧ţ׻ͬǿȻϣġ
֣Լᣬ˵Ҫ£Ϊʲô˲ڣһػ֮бأѵ壿־ϵɫƤֳɫΣһʥħǹ
ͬһʱ䣬Ѫһ˿궯
лɫ䡣
ⷽ־ɾȻǰʹÿ񱩱仯֤״̬Żӽ֮б˵Ļл˵ʵɱã˵¥ͨ켶λϵĸ֣ǲУԭܼ򵥣Ƕ񣬱Ͼ¥Ŀػǵһ˴ڶ¥Ҳûʮİս׵
һǰԶûһЩƣ
Ϊħͨ켶λ֣Ӳܵˡ
л̽սռ䣬ֱַץס裬ƽٶֱӴӵ³ȥ
죬־ɸ졣
Ͼлֵʱ򣬷־Ѿ߶񱩱仯ˡ
ոճ嵽־ǰ׵ĵط񱩱仯Ѿ־ɵһ˾˵ĵز
ǹƣͨ켶λġ
лֹͣ˶
֣Ҫ֣Ψжð֮׷ܻɱҶԼжĸãҲ޷Ԥġ
ϾѾǵ۷徳磬ǳ۷徳ˡ
ˣ־ԾûйȥһһɫƤ渡ֳһĨɫѸٵĽһ˫۾ڡ
־ɵ۾˴ɫġ
Ȼɫ۾˸ɫâʼĴ鿴
л״ʩչսռ䣬ħ緶ڣ˾޷ˡ
Ȼ־ɵĿⲻǿ߿գܣģƺܹ͸¼׵һ
飬־еɫʧ
ƮȻǻ֮бǰȷֽ֮֮бռָˡ


2094  Ĵ
֮бΪ׼ģŮûʹãĿҪջ־ɵһնˣȻôĿŷ־ߡ
˵лˬԻ֮б⿴ص趼Ҫߡ
Ƕǵİжûġ
Ҫ嶯Ҫ侲һֱ״̬ģǶûʲôģҲܳüֵģҲʼղΪ֮Ѫ񻯾ûһĸãʼձʮ񻯵ĵزлʾŮҪż
ĬȻ
ߵһǽͷˡ
ΪֽܹڣУˣ㲻֮ǰǿ־ɺ̶㣬ڷ־ɵĽźܴ𣿡л
ǰʱķ־ɺǸɵӣ̶ԵԴͷתȴĽ˵ʱ־ǹģһĨ⣬һлʵ뷨
лǷһ˿Ц⣬־ɲ򵥰
ڰĵȴ
־Ҳδ뿪
֮ΪǸԼģ濵Լᣬ濻δȻ뿪ġ
ʱһ߹ȥ
ડ
Ų
ȵӰӱԺſڳ֣ȴӺӰֳĺȻһԱز¥ͦɽҲֻ濱ˡ
ԺſڣɫЩѿĶŷ־ɡ
ĳҲл˵֮⡣
Ϊռƻ濲Ҫģ飬лʱ䣬Լδܸɵ־ɣŻİɡ
־ɣĵ
濵־ɵ¶һĨõЦݣˣҵܾˡ
죡ŭңҿ㶼ȲˣҪȥ̶ǸɧɣߺߣΪҾȻ㶯һ뷨ȴ̫ʧˡ
ˡ־ɸϽ͵
Ц᣿㣬̶ô¡һֱ֣ӴϷ־˵ˣ֪ҲͲװˣҽ̽̽㣬ҹ˻֮б㲻ȻԼ͵͵ߺߣҾ֪㲻ʲôö
ž˵ĺһле㻳ɣ˵Ķˡ
ŮϷĲϡ
лҲע⵽־ɣ濵ʱԽǰֳľ¶һӣ͵Ľթ֮
Ϊ֮бǱзġ־ɴӿռָڽ֮бóű濡

濺һʲôֿ񱩱仯Ҳ
ҪңҪǶ㲻Ҫ񱩱仯ұͨ켶λġ־Ц˵ʥħǹҲ񱩱仯ˡ
ɵúã
лĴָ
ڷ־ɽ񱩱仯ʱлһ³رԼһ׵ĵطսռ䣬һ±㽫־УսҲڱ֪Ƿ־ɴսռ䡣
˱սռһ˲䣬ŮҲӵð
豾Ҫƴһµ뷨Ըûаıһȫ֡
߼֮ҹڰǹ棬ǹҡΣǹһڵͣͨȼźɫĻ棬ÿһƬ궼Ǵ޼᲻ݵķâǹǰתʱǺɫȻѣƬǹӰֱϮɱȥ
־ɽΪڲűսռ䣬ٽҲҪԼյļĵģδˣ˵濵ı֣ҲҵʲôԼľ糬ȻҲͷһ㾯衣
㾯
һԣ־ɼľҪٶȴ߶񱩱仯Լﵽ۷
δü仯һ㵽ˡ
⶷һʦҶ崴󶷼֮һľҶնսӳɣԼǹ㷽־ͨ켶λ磬ǿĶ࣬ҲǱɱˡ
֮£־ֻгַ
˫㡣
ء
ЩܼǹӰգۼ䱻飬Ҳʹǿ͵ʱ򣬰ǹٿȻ
־ŭһұ֮һĨɫĹ⻪Ѹٵ棬Űǹݺݵ˳ȥ
һȭɵ
ͨ켶λɫɣǾǳ۷弶ֶһȭģȻһȭҪɱ˵ġ
һȭӰȻԾ
ҪƴͬĿУܹϾҲֻл֮⣬˻ʣҲ̬ʼղףȻ裬Ҳᱻ
ʶҪƴû
ֻѰѵĻᡣ
ʱĳֱѵʱԵо˵ٶȰһԾ뷽־ɵǷ־ɵࡣ
װ壬貵Ļ棬ԭǳλɫװļӳֱ֣ͨ켶λɫĵز
ݣ
ͨ콣ʣһ˺صĽâ֡
սռ䶼һ˿Ѻۡ
˵лһĻôͨ콣һ񽣣񵶵ġ
ʣâһĨ⸡֮ϣһ֣ѵ﷽־ɵĲǰˡ

Ƿ־ɺţҲͻȻһһҪ֪ȷѾĸоˡ
־ɵѡˣƶջȥˣͬʱΪְ˳ҲӹΪصĻ̬Ҫͨ콣ͰǹĿȻŻ
˫ֳһ˲䣬лϢĴıð
ﵽͨ켶磬սѾﵽһĵزõ߸оݡ
ʶĸ֣ѡݹĻǾɵӣΪδ߰׵ľ룬˼ҾͻӦǲں󷽣ɱ⣬һͬᱻоġ
лҲ֮ʡ
ؼɱ
񵶵ǰһĨֵĵȳ֣רɱֶΣ񵶽Ĺ
ɱһ꣬Ǿͷ궼Ҫ˵ͨ켶λķ־ɡ
𣡡
˲䣬־쳤Х
ȻǰȥͬʱбŷŵģƾŤ㿪ɱ׷ɱ˫ҲҳصĴͨ콣Ͱǹ档

ɱڴһƤӹȥؼ޹ԵģˣɱҲ൱ѹȣһ˿ͬʱ˫Ҳǹ档
ŮͬʱƺһˣǷ־ɵҲǹâѪۣոҶ㿪ɱֵķ־ɾ͸еǰһĨΪ貵⣬ڲɱӳҲɫƤס
־ɽĴ߶ɫƤףҪǿ
ʱ䲻ˣոɫƤһ˿һѾ档
һ񵶣ɫƤ׸ûаֿͬһֽһɴǷҲֱûֱ࣬
žž
־˫ֳһץסл񵶵ĸ첲ЦҲȥɡ
Ȼ
ҪԱ


2095  صķ־
Աһͨ켶λֵԱܹһиΪƽأƻ֮ħĽѹƣ䱬ﲻİٷ֮һ
־౻飬â£군ˡ
ѾǱ֮
˵ӵķȫаĹ˼ɣֻҪԼɱͬھŸġ
ݣ
״Ӧ죬ǹתŷȥ
ǹ̺ǿһߣ˲ϢһУҲȫԽ־ɷ顣
ǹһ˲䣬Ϳ־ɵȻһĨ⡣
ǵ׶
˵ҲǼ֮ףԵöôǿ󣬿һ֣л͸оڵİ֮׾ҵĲһ¡
лʱ̶Ҫбˡ
֮װ
δɽɫ׺ڵʥʱʵ϶Ҫĺܣʱɽɫ׺ҲֻʥܹȤ֮񶼲񣬶׺Ǻεȵļ֮װеĶ١
ǰ׵أ
Ҳ֮ͨ׵࣬ҲöôֲĻܲãֻܱʾǷ־ɵĵƣļ֮׾Ȼ֮ס
̫ˡ
ž
֮ײǿͨ켶ּҲ൱ľˣһתİǹǹ⣬һ±㽫ķȥ
䱾΢һΣˢһ±֮ˡ
ʱĹҲˡ
ٶȱ貢ֻѰӲ˷ѵĹ
־ɱһȵԱʱֹͣٶȹôԾûд߶Աʱ䡣
ݣ
񽣳һĻ档
һȭͷСͨѪɫͬѪһĻ档
֮
棬һ֪Ǽ֮ļ𣬵ǴѪɫĻ棬л˵һμ
أ
Ѫײͨ콣һˮһ̽ͨ콣Ѹٵսϳȥ
˻
װڴһ˻
ѪɫĻһ㱻װɣͿװŵķͼӵĽΣ·Ѫˣ渽ŵҲԵһǿı֡
ƻȴлӮʱ䡣
֪ʱҲס˷־ϵĿռָһѳͬʱ΢΢һ𶯡
֣һ±㽫־ɲһ룬Ҳ˫֡

־ʱ̵˻𴫳
лɫȻĵ޼ɱ
ž꣡
ѡ
־ҲƱһ´Ĳ׵ˣûѪ£ΪսռǳȻڵħ֮ġ

ɵ־ɣлҲһ
սռʱǲһģƺܳʱ䣬ʵ˵ֻһգ۵Ĺ
Ŀ޼ɱնɱ־ɣҲЩĶ̫˵㡣
ƻԼˡлһ濵ͷ
ͷеʲôҪң겻֮㡣תͷٵ뿪ܳȥʮף뵽ʲôתˣһûءһ̵ûӰˡ
лĺ
趼ЦǶܹҵһлĻᣬҪݺݵİס
λŮһ𿴿־ʲôɡлٶȻ֣γսռ䣬ʱ¥ׯ԰ػڧԶ뿪ˡ
ȻܲޣܾԼС꣬ôģȻĻ϶ǿģǷΧ˷־ɵʱֳ侲Ҳ谵վΪжıƴͷʹԼ·ˣ٣ӷҪԽ
ᶨҲٿˡ
սռڣ˳ڿС
־򵥡ȿڡ
뵽Ǽ֮׵֮Ҳ˵ܹ죬ļ֮׸ҸоƺǵȻɵô򵥣ںĳֻδɳȻĻ⼫֮еӵսһͬ޵еĸо
֮׵ĹȷƣȻܹҰ֮׵Ȥɣǿ֪֮׾ǲһ߽׳ɹĽеļ֮ףһ۵ģ־ɵ׵Ҳֻͨļ֮װˡлʵΪʲô˵־򵥣
ΪһѪ𣡡˵
ѪţֵǺǵ֮ǳл
ü𣬡ƺ˵Ѫ𡣡
һʱ벻
Ѫһַǳļ֮ΪԭѪ֮һѪҺתɵĻ档
һ˵лȻ뵽һˡ
ħļУħʱĩһǳˣǾͷǾͷеǿߣֻǾͷеͨɫ֮ͬڣһĻˣѪҺҪ棬նɱӵм֮ĻԸ֣Ƕȡ֮𣬶ǰ˵ѪҺ˲ܹûеֻʲôֻ֣ڼ΢һᣬϾħ嵮ʱ֮󣬶֮ǰ飬ҲֻһЩеõġ
ѪİѪӵл֮˵ѪҲں˵Թޣɱ¾ʵȸѪɱ¾˵װǡһʶܹװڵϣӶõһ̶ȵĳɳģ֪ѪΨʱĩ֮˲ž߱Ǹʧ֮أҲ˵ɱĵطħء
лһĨâħصĻܹնɱͷΨʥŮħʥŮĻǲѪˣ϶¥ƿţ־ɸ¥ˣǾֻһܣħɱǸͷµѪ𣬷־ɾѪǾζš
˵Ŀԣɫࡣ
𰸺֮
־ħ˵µˣ
һٸħ˵°ŽˣǺܾ֮ǰħ˵Ѿں˲л꣬ѾʼΪõħĹڵħ׼ˡ
лۼͷų
ҪѰһ١
ȴһѾп񱩱仯ƺ֪־ɱɱһȻһʱѡ뿪Ѿ׵ĵط
л״̷׷ɱ
һȫ񱩱仯Ƿǳµģͨ켶λҲδаջʤο
ȷ־һٵݣлȷ˵ͼıѾá
ħ˵±Ҫ
Ĳ˵˵¶ʼһػ۷壬϶һΪеģһ羡
л־ɵĿռָóŷ־ɿ񱩱仯ﵽͨ켶λµĽƣʩչʮεսŽǽƸ
һԶĽеĶͳͳ


2096  ջ񲻴
־ɵĿռָڶ࣬ЩֵĶԵҪٵĿȴЩճƷһЩõ龧ʯ֮⣬ʣµҲÿһǶǼƷеļƷ
ʥħǹġ
ܹͨ켶ҪȻʧɫĳħǹ
ʥħǹȻܹܵӡеʥ׵Ŀ£лҲòĵ˵ħѵһĹš
˭ܹʥأ
Ψħˡ
ҲΪˣԲŻ˻ɣʿΪʥ׷ħǹڣĲ룬û֪ʵʥŮν
˶ǹŰɡлʥħǹˡ
ӹʥħǹе㲻Ŀл
ǹԣлӦһЩɡ
Ҫʱڴ˵أһ֮Ƿܹɱħ˵£Ҷ᷵ػ֮μһɱսģڴڼ䣬ϣܹõʥħǹϤһʥħǹİԱɱսǰܹܵķӳʥħǹл˵
Ϊʲôȥͣ迴ò
л˵ĻһֺŪĪһҡ
ͷͨ콣ĵʵ̫ֻ׸
ʲô˵׸㡭ʱŭƽһ˵Լ׸˵һ룬ͻȻͣͷбϿٺ٣ôеأòǹô˵Ҫѱ˵ʵΰɡ
˵׸òһħ˵µԼʵܺһһٵĳԱ񱩱仯֮Կ𣿡ʵ
ſڽࡣ
ĳɳȷ֮УҲֻôܹվʱ̫ˣЩһٵĳԱһ񱩱仯ܹͨ켶λսлҲֻѡ͵Ϯʤ߲ǿ񱩱仯Ļᣬأ˼Ҳ񱩱仯Ҳǳ۷ɫ꣬ǿĶ࣬ԾɲǶ֡
ȥʥħǹʡ˵תл˵ʲôɱսʲô˼
豻˵ãҲԼƺʣͬʱսڿɱսҲǸУ԰ʲô˼
ôһ£Ĺעͱתˡ
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ĬľٶҲлĪһһͬʱԨȴе̼ȴֽţҪĪɿС
ɱսɱͷ˹пˣл
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̫ˡ
ǲҪ˵лץסŮһֻ֣
ŮԶ
лҲԼоƺԼػһ£Ҳûɵ£ȴͷûзƵġ
Ҫɱ˹пˣа𣿡
лЦɹʻǺܸߵģҴʥħǹһڣѾһֻ̤ͷ磬ʥħǹڵʥʹƻﵽƾĵز
˷ܵصһҪȥսܴ
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Ҫ֪ͷ˹п˿ɲЩͷͷǵϵǿͷ֮һ
ϣܹһʥħǹȥ֤ܹϤʥħǹմ߷ʥ׵İл˵
û⣬һ͵
ȷ֮˲鿴ƷĶ
лһǹ˳
Ե׵ħǹȻǷ־ɵõʥħǹ֮ǰʹõıҲħǰõı
׵ħǹǶսʼħǹ
˵ǹûʲôŮǻԵģл񵶣ҲֻóʹõڳǹĲôõģǹ͸ʥԵĸ֡
ڶƷһƿӡ
ƿһЩţƺҪĶšǲ鿴̾йɿ񱩵Ϣ洫ݳ
ʲôѪôǿʢĿϢƺѪ滹ſ񱩵־ɻĵ
лֹⲻ÷־ɵһپп񱩱仯Ѫɡ
ϸ鿴
ǶδѪ
ʱлоռָڵĿ޵˼£ħѹһεĿٶȸˡ
ˣ޵
лЦһʱ䣬ѵԽԽƵˡ
ٺ٣ҪеĶ̫ˣڳ˯ȡճʱ򣬶òͣ޵ӰлԺֵĸֳȥǺʵ
˵Ҳֻл
˵ɣʲôѪл
֮Ѫ޿϶Ĵ𸴵ǿʦƵĴħе˫ħܹ֮ɱ䣬Ϊõһ֮ѪȻĻΪ˫ħܹﵽսʼѾǷǳĳɾˡ
л֮ѪôĹЧѹᱻѹ֮ѪЦеĵ㻹ǲҪô֮ѪˣҪһʱڴ״̬
޵˲Ҫȥ޵пصʦɣ
˽лЦػħ˵·棬Һѱ֤ûаͷ֣ڵĻҲʱĵزˣħػǿԵġ
Ҳ̫ʱ䴦ѽ׶εġ޵
޷ֻҪСʱ㹻ˡл
ޱ㲻׷ȡ֮Ѫˡ
֮ѪҲռָлҲеˣ˿޵ħڣƺûܹأ˭֣һ
ʣµһһƬҶ
νҶ֮ģһƬɫҶէȥ˸ǻƽɵģûʲôо
вŻ֣ᷢҶӵļͳ̶ȼֱ
ҵս޷𻵷ֺл˵ˣİǹԿܴܲ
ֽǹ׸л
ǹҲδлսƻǿġ
ӹǹлֽҶǹžһǽɫҶѿˣǹһ
һɽɫ̴Ҷɢ
ٿɫҶҲ̱ÿήˡ
һֱҶɫƮɢӦæȵðǽҶ
Ҷ
лû˵Դ߶
һʩչһǿǽɫһԶĳлڡ
ɫϾ̫٣գۼͱ
лۣεľȣɫİ
һ˿ľ˵
ɣͷʣǴɵĻȫھͷ֮ϵʣǵ㶫Ҳһ˿ľʾɣ֪½еļ֮޷һľ
лȷһ˿
ɴ۾ģ
лͷ
˶
ӦǽҶҽϹıڣս죬ֶƺʱĶϹµϣоǵһЩомؽ˵ǱԶͨҪԶĴڣҲؼ͵һ˵ͳ̶ȣý͵쵱ʱһġ˵
һȻԽΪġ


2097  صʦ
Ȼл񵶺ųһǷʱǰǸݺʱҲܹǰġ
ôԽĴĵһȻ֮ϵġ
ȻĿǰδɹѾˡ
µĹڽ˵ҲֻֻƬǰҲֻ񣬺ֳ֮ĽɫĽ֮ȷӦǽҶѾήĽҶ
лһƬͨĽҶܹһ˿ܹҵ˵ҵп˶ɽ׶Σ
ɵ壿
ǿлð꣬Զʱɵģûܹʱгɵġ
ҶĳṩһܻѼʱпܴﵽɵزĻᡣ
лĶ
ֻǽҶǷн֪ء
롣ܾĸطûŪƺ־ɱнĸо
˵л͡
ǲ˼
лǿήĽҶзˣһɵĻᡣ
еĻ
Ҫ֪һɵĻ忹ǳκģܹͨ켶ƵģػҲ֮ôģһ˴սֱⲫսȫӶֵĹս䣬Ҫ취С
֮ŵˡ
ͨˣл
ȫҶ췽Ͼо̫ֻʽĽϹµֶθˣǿд߻ͨ켶֪ʶ滹ЩǷȱ
죿ʲôϵ˵õϹµܹͨ켶лȵĵ
ȻйҵжǣһνƤ׾ԽҶڵĽ֮ķ֮ǸҶһЩʱ䣬ӦÿҳһЩ֤ݱƶȷģ˾Ϳȷ־ĽҶҲͿƶϳħ˵пн˵ܴ߻ͨ켶޷졣
߻ǱеѾǶսʼ׼ͨ켶ģһЩϣ
ĻǸֲϣ㿪ʼ
֮࣬лҲжУ²ħ˵¿Ŀнġ
֮бɣһ½ƣֻҪսռнġл˵
أ
лЦҴȥó˿޵޵пصʦڿʼҲˡ
ĲЦˡ
»ĿԶأлÿ޵߹ͷ˹пˣֻδ̫עٶȳֿصʦɨȫľ棬벻䶯ˡ
עⰲȫҪ֮бڵĿռС
ˣⶼҪȥˣ㲻лָָա
΢΢һɴǰлصһ£Ȼವһû֮бڡ
ٶİ
л֪ĻԲǵģƺ׷е߽ݾ˼ϲ
ʧֻʣл
Ŀԣһĸоͷ
һǵǿһ˿ҵ㡣лͻȻһЦһȥ˱ûӰ
뿪˵أлۼȫĿ
˵ϣ¥ػ˾Ĭ̶̷Цˣʵػ˶¥ׯ԰ţһ飬ͻϵģػû뿪
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˵Ĭ̶̷Ц˵ͿػŹģ𻹲Զ
۹۲֮£лȻ֣ػѾػΧŹصػɱѽѷ֣ѾȻ뿪¥Χˡ
һĻл档
˭뵽ֻǱжԹʵҪ¥ǣȻﶷﶷġ
Bû治һ㣬˲ãһסлֵ൱⡣
ػ֮ƴɱǵҲɱѽѷ֣Щ˿ɾǸΪսˣû֮˵֮Իػػ֣Ϊػʵ̫ǿһ˸Ķ֡
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ֳʵҲսʼ֮£ܹݻٰǳأο¥ˣʱ˿̣ڽһɱս
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ΨǸĬһλεħնɱʮˣֱBöȥ
λŮҪ£ˡлȵ

Ĭ۱侫⣬㣬Ҫɱ㣬Ϊ˱ѩޣ
̷׷ɱBãĿлҪ
ιҪסǻҪ£Ͳˡ濴е˾ͲҪˡ
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Ҫȫ¥ɱػʼһΧж
л֡BܵлĬĶ֡
õңһֵ֮һᡣлһĬӡ
Ĭŭڡ
ɱ
ͬ˻ը죬ΧʯءıˣɼĬǱлˡ
һ֣ÿе̶̷Цʱֹͣս
˭֪ĬǾѪȷĿʼײϵʱûֹܹػӲס
뿪BҲͣ
ŮЩˡ
ȥɣŭĬħ߸߾Ծ˵һĶл͵նȥ
лһЦ֪ҿصʦ
ಣ
޵һ˳ȥ
أ
꣡
û˷лսֻǽ޵ֱӾ˹ȥħ죬޵㷴ħҲ֮һ±Ƭˡ
νǿĬǱļҪѪ˫۷ӵҲ󵹷ȥȻһܡ
лһſ޵վһʯ棬ɧޱȵͷңǰδеĿصʦ
Ҳ٣濿ֱһֿڡ
B
濸ϽܹͣңǸ̬Ȼʲôصʦ
ߣǵļƻʱȡBлԸĬ濿ٵ뿪ˡ
л򻺻̧ͷ˿Ʈŵ̶̷ЦˣޣǿҪɱˡ


2098  ɧ޵пصʦ
һδɱĬлܲս뵱޵Բ㽫ͷ˹п˸ġ
ȻҲԭġ
Ŀ޾ʱ仹൱һʱ䣬εĳɳѾ˳ĹؼʱڣʱǱӰĳԲŻ޷ȫϾʱ˭ԸһĲοɵǿʦĴħޱĸҲڱУͬһһ߻ħģҲھﵽ˾ͷɫĵز΢ͷųһǶܻͷµĸ֡
Сӣԩ޳㡭̷Ц
ҹгԹģֻ֪򶷣ƻ¥İǴ椵ĺʱҺܲˬлָһ޵ĵУȻȻץס˿޵̷ЦȻҳȥ
޵Хȥ
лĿ̷Ц̶תӡ
ҲǺĬҪһߣĬо£һ
̶ˡ
̷ЦֻԼ
ǵ˸źâħƬε̷Цֱţ޵ֲ̫ˣȫû濹뷨Ҫ
ˢ޵תƷԾٶҲһ˽һ
ҵѽ̷ЦЦˡ
û˵ֵĹܸı䷽򣬻Ȼٵġ
̷Цֻܽħ˫սķ⵲ǰȫĶޱĴ߶
ħ΢߾٣ýӽĽǰȥ

޵ػħ
һЩϸ鶫ȥ̷Ц
һɳҵĵҲӹͨħ̷Цϣȫ飬ʹޱȡ
ᣡ
лһĨâ
Ƶ磡

ٶȼ޵ʩչлͺһ⣬һ㵽̷Ц࣬ȭ̷Цͷ­ȥ
Σʱ̷̣Цҧƴһͷ

ȭͷͷƤӹȥ
̷Цĸոջһ£޵Ѿл棬ſ޵̷Цݺݵҹȥ
Ĺ̷Цһ˿ĴϢᡣ
ˣ̷ЦҲչֳֵķ緶ԾüӶħֵ
޵ڵĿ޷һ׵磬ʵͨ켶λɫϾǾͷɫ꣬ǲԼһΣգֻͷųһ˿ҲлԵĴ
أ
޵ֱħλϡ
ɥǿ϶ģûȫʬ
ǿ޵
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ȥػյפؿȥɡл΢һ룬Ҫȥķ
ػ涼á
ػλңԶ
ֻѡػפˡ
лһֻſ޵ʩչٶȣػפؿ쭶ȥٶޱȵġ
ƾٶȣ쭳ȥԼʮףĬӰųлڣɼĬıлһҵĺˣƴܡ
ΪĿ꣬л׷ȥ
δ׷ǰͳһټɽȣɽ¥ᣬɽڽԺ䣬Ҳиɽ֮Ͻ¥ӰܶдĸڿзѲߡ
Ŀĵطɽȵĵشһ񽣡
˽ǧףǽн׵ӣڵϣҲ֪ˣϵѺѾģ壬İ߲֮أǳ޽Ծͨλεģ濴ȥҲ쳣Ϭ
ǧ񽣣ɶ϶˵ؾػפء
ǧ񽣻Ĵš
Ĭǧ񽣣·ҵһسȥлӺ׷϶ЩѣϾĬͨ켶λĸ֣Ŀ񱼣ٶҲлոտ볤۷徳ĸܱģϾ̫ˡ
ǣĬɽҵʱ򣬾ͿɽȵϲͶϲමȻ춯صź趯ŵЯĳɱɽڡ
иħ޳Хϡ
ǺȻػػĸ֡
ǾȻɱػפڣһӣػפڳˡ
лǰһĻŪе㷢˵ػڶǵҪ뷵أ˴˹ԷĻҲ˿ٰҪ֪ػ˴˼פмģȫٸϹҲǳ磬ͨ켶ƾٶǿϵɣǰٸ֣вǿߣǾֻܽΪػػܾ֮ǰػ˸֣Ȼһֿܣ¥ŮйϵǼƻеһ֡
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ﲻи֣е֣ͨǿߣûдﵽģҲвء
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Ŀͬʵʰ㿴ɱǧ֣ĬȫΧǣһ
ȷһ㣡лƮƮǺɱдĬĶС
ŭĬŻػפ˵ľ֧ôߴһӾ
ĬɫĻͷȥһ۾л㣬ô׷ˡ
ϻȥɱңɱ㣬˵ܸ𡣡лſ޵Ĭ˹ȥ
οɲǵʹãǵһѴõġ
лǶ˵㣬еשͷԴ
׼һ㣬޵ʹõʱޣҪķ
һʧȥ޵Ĭͨ켶λ֣ͳˣǶֵģһҪץʱ䡣
ֱٶȳȥ
һȥ
Ĭħ޵ˣؿڻʹ濹⣬ɴѡ˶
ˣɱĬ󷽱ˡ
лֱ׷
˵ٶȣһƾž߳ѸٵĵˣһƾٶԶͬ׷ֹǾڿһ׷ɱ־硣
ЩػפڵĸֿҲвĬĸ£Ĭ׷׵ĳǰӪȡ
óɱ˰ɣл
ǶԿ˵Ļ
֮л߾ٿ޵С
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޵ڱٵϸС磬޵Ϊģ˷ɢȥзԲǧ׷Χڡ
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̼䣬ҽвϡ
ǧڵĸͳͳı׵ɱһգӵĬҲʮɱĲҽ˶Ҫˡ
ըʽͷҵ·¶ƤǺںģðŽų
лһ±˹ȥ
شĬδӵ޵ţعǱͳͳҲҽŴӸ߿׹䡣
л֣޵С
˴ɱ¾Ҳ˸е˾֣׷׶ܿлɱԶԶؿţҳˡ
лſ޵ǧ׾޽


2099  Ӷر
ǧ׾޽ػһ
⽣ͬлʥǣѾǾ֧Ǿһʧȥͬʥǿһ㡣
ػһҲˡ
˽ǵһػµģ˵İػһܹʱĴʱܹĸԴ֮һҲ˵ħµ󷨵֮һ
һٵػһҲױ߽⡣
ֹ
Ҫ񽣣
ƴˣҳ尡
ػһ˿лľٶױŭˣһҪĳɱػػĸֶܲˣƴĳɱ
һʱ䣬ִ˷лɱ
ÿһ˶Ǵڼȱŭȷ״̬
չֳ𶯣ܵĸɽֱѵ󣬴ҲһѺֲۣƺĳŭ֮´ˡ
Ӱǵ߾١
Ҫɱл
Сǣвͨ켶֣һ֮£ǰͷҪɵֵġ
ɱ޽֮Ѫȥ˯ɡл
̷һ˻
лΣա
ֵطлٶȺʩչȥ磬ЩҵлĻᶼûУҪ˵˺ˡ
λסˡлڵפϿգ˶һңǰ޹ˣߣʷϵһĿصʦձҪݻػһߣ
Ľصʦ֮ȥġ
սӿͳͳĻл֮ϣҲ޵ǧ׾޽Ȼ˳ȥ
ս߶޵Գٷȥ
ٶ̫죬Ħһ貵Ļǣ·Żɱȥġ
ǰΪػǧ׾޽Ҳ߰˰ģŭŷ׷׵ĳֹҪ޵
𣡡
޵ڵĿ֪սȻʮ֮һǱ渡ֳһš
ͷɫʮ֮һǿܹɱͷ۷ǿߵġ
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䣡
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ЩΧл˸ǱĶ
лɵǰƮȥ
ǧ׾޽޵㷵лĿռָڣȻҲ֮ѪոɾˣȻ˯
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۸ǷԲףһ飬ҪѰر϶ػһı
ȻһΣȻܴ
رλػפصϷһɽɽڡ
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лֱ֮ʹ㲻ڵı׷ɱ֮ˣǱУܿ㵽ɽĵش
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ǹ֮һЩսʼıһЩ֮ġ
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ͻͻ
ռָڴһ
лһĺȻ磬ָսѥװϵС

ӦҲһѶѳɢŵɫ⻪ƮڰУ͸һɵ
һͷ
էȥһɫԲѡ
ͷлϲ
еװѾ߱ټͷҲǾۼ˰׵װͨ켶װ״ϣҲܹӽս
лץסͷĵҪǾͷܴװĻսǷǿɽɫĸֿ⼸أ
ΨһϧǣлǸݣʹõǼװǸͷʹãеС⣬Ҫݵģ˵նɱ󣬶ȡİװ
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ԭлΪڻûкB϶˼ʱ˵ħھаͷҲҪһʱ䣬ǼٵģڿȻġ
ػפضӣԾûаͷ֣Ǿֻ˵ػһûаͷڵģͨ켶λɫĸҲֻ˶ѣĿǰںػػͨ켶λɫɱء
лٶҲǴﵽǰǰδеĵز
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յɽڣһö龧ʯûʣ£ϴһա
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ػһע군ˡ
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ħڶе׵˼
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лһ£ǾǰȥػפأȻΪսԹսһ£ԸһЩ˽⣬ԺԵĻҲڴֲ
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ǳǿҵĲ
лͣ½Ųܹ֮˱仯ģУƺûУǵħڵĽɫ׺ԶԶġ


2100  ħĹ
֮׵Ľ׻᣿
ͷлԺһ֣л԰뷨ˡ
˾ҵĲлһָоԼħڿܻҪ̡
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ֶлģҲġ
Ҳศɵġ
֮׳ɾףӵдɵܹУȻĻлܹ֮׽׳ΪףҲܳܵġ
ףǾζţ޵ˡ
˵õʥ֮ģɾ;ͷ֮ϣҲδлƿصǿޱȵ׵Ķ֡
Ҫףͱ塣
ƺ˻ᣬħڡ
ͻأֵ׵ı֡
лƽľͻȻֵİ֮׶ĹڿϲľȸƽϢ
׵ıݡ
˾ͽž˳Ⱦ״̬С
л԰֮ûаԼȥӦڣͿ֮ڵת˷
Ȼǲ뿪ģڵתָ򶫱
л򶫱ȥ
ķٶޱȣǹע㻹Ҫǰָ֮ķǷִġ
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һϵ°ȹŮҲлȥķȥ˲ӱˡ
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ѾʼʵжҪл˷ܵĵ뵽轻ĵḶ́ǳڴʮ˶Ƶ֮϶һ൱С
˷ܺεıֳ
һĻûɵķðһˮҪˣ俴л˷ܵӣѿڵ

ͻȻı׷ʣлδӦʶѿڸ˴𰸡
һ˵꣬лȻһ𣬵Ƕ
֪ĴˣеķһЦһɫľǰٷȥ
лǷĵЦݣһʱ侹Ȼˡ
ɳȥþãûˣͷһлԭɵվţСŮ㣬ֵӿ߰
лٵ׷ȥ
׷ң֮ϲЦȻǰٷȥ
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лЩڴˣչٶȡ
˶ĸоĳص㣬֪ʲôУʶҲûеλãǰȥ
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ٶлƣȫչ֮󣬾Ȼδڵһʱ佫˵ٶ̣ҲһСѡ
зԣõ֮ʥ˵װٶѾٶȷŷǷĳɾ͡
ȫٷУԼ֮Ѿ쭳ȥʮԶľ룬˴˼þҲʮңǰһ޴ĺˮĻĵطռ΢Ťͬˮӣ׵ĵط
طлԸо֮궯ļǿˣƺҪǣлС
װҲһĨĹΣƵķͼƺһ㣬һ˻
ø󷨣վǰ棬̾ĵ
󷨣ⲻһռС𡣡лǰ
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ħĹأΪĹأʵһ޴ĿռС磬ҲħΪԼµһأ֮ħĿţµĿռСڵĸ滨֮Ķ󷨵İ֮£ķչѾ췭ظĴ仯
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лƾŰ֮׵ָҪĿǴĵشһӴл֮ǰӴĵ죬֮ײԭڡ


2101  ޱȵĵط
ӴĺϷɵĹӰ˸ţ·̺İУлעͬʱҲмӰУ͸ɵĹӰʧӰ٣ȻҲ֮õġ
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2102  ʱ֮
ʱֲû谭á
֮ԴڣлĹ۲죬㣬һʱڹؼʱ̣ħ˵鷳ʱ򣬿Խ䷢ӷǳֲǱֺʼӣΪʱŶʲô޴ı仯б仯Ҳźõķȥġ
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ҵһսĵطǸʱǿɱ֯׷ɱսҹӵɱ֯Դһ겻󳹵׵ʧʷĺУһҵļսɡħЦҲ𽥵ɢ
ֻһ˿ǳ΢꣬Ҳ֧˵Щˡ
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ʮ룬գۼ
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2103  
ʼʩչ
ķϵѾγһϵνϵһְģصģƶģٵģƽõģԶģƾĵȵӦоС
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ˣʲôջΪսδųͷԺд˷ܵؽ
лһɵЦ
ħĹһлֱֶȫĵط


2104  ¥֮
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2105  ˵飡
ӴӸµĿлһӵӣƺڿлŰӡ
ô꣬󸶼Щ̬ˣѪȲе̼
һ壬ԭ崴ͳħû뵽Ȼ䵽˵زҲգұ㿪ɱ䣬ǵѪҵഺֻ۾һ˫ý˸һ˫Ѫɫʡ
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лӣͷ֮ϣ⵹һȤ⡣
ҲĿϬܹͷ֮ϵģֻؽͷΪҪɾ;ͷ֮ϣΨнȡľܹģģʲôصİĶƭ꺢ӿԣǲɵ˵ʲôһĴҪһǧʮǸʱħ֮Ѫǿ֮Ѫô£鷳һ¡
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лЦɱǲɱ㣬ħ˵õħ壬ػ۷壬Ծɻɱġ

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лƲ󡣬Ҳ·ͷ
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Ͻ𴸱صǰơ
أ
ǿǰƱһƬѪ꣬Ҳʹһضбɳȥ


2106  ֮Ѫ
ʹбɳȥһɲǲ֪ǸоʲôڣƺûĿܾȻ˿µ
Ҵ򣡡
л´Χ
һ򲻹־ܹɵ㣬ǾͷܵӦܹѹһߵģصֶΡ
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أ޵صϣһɫĵâٶȲҽĸһƬɫ඼Լɼ
ˢ
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ΪϽ𴸵ĺ촸˸һĨӲӵ׵ǽ׵ļ֮ףоͷܴ߷֪
ͳ̶ȣͬһɽ˰ݺݵҹȥ
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󸱻ͷٶȴķˣȻž˵ֻ۾һգٶĵϸСѪɫߺͽɫ߱ͬʱȥ

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ûɱ㣡лһץ񵶹

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ʱлħĳС
ĺأŭһ˫ǰһ͵ĴȥһҪлģ
ǰƣлһ˿Ц⣬һһĨѩ׵ĵˢһ¸档
֮ף


2107  Ѫ
˷󸣬лΨжѹ׵ˡ
߶֮ף
Դһ۷ľ磬ð֮ף֮׺ʥ׵໥̼ɵͨ켶λ׼ҶϣлĶʶĲȥð֮ף£ĸ¡
ﵽ۷徳磬Ȼǵܱȵģǵ׼Ҷģġ
߶֮װٷ֮һ
˰ٷ֮һİ֮뵱İٷ֮һŵǰ֮׳ɾ֮ħصĽɫ׺˴׵֮Ѿ൱̶ȵǿڰٷ֮һ߰ʮ֮һԵǿ
ȻⲢڵлܹʩչļޡ
ҼʩչҲǵԼٶܵǳģǴξͬجΰĴڣл¡
󸣬һȻѰ·ҳȫ㡣лӵȥ
֮ɫЩ
󸣬ﵽһĵزʵһ嶼ǻδɹ⵽Դġ
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л׺ݵնǰء
ۣ
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͵лһ죬Ҳ壬޵ǽԹҪ군ˡ
һ׵ѩɫ֮棬һһǱ㽫ķ飬ǳ࣬Ҳлһ˴Ķ塣
ȡļ䣡ˣлѿ޵
ļʲô˵һʱ֮ԶѾ󣬿ΨһʱʱԶʱϹʱֱڵĳϲ˰ɡ
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лﵽɾ磬ıѪδ֮Ѫȣ˼ҵѪվһǧٶĶħ޺ǿߵѪɵģҲɷϣ϶ǿߵѪء

Цӿ޵ڴ
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ʿ֪һѪÿ޵ԭѾ߶һνˡ
лһ֡
޵ǰ
ˣѾһνˣᳬһʱˣ޵˷ܵ˵
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֮Ѫÿһζħ޷ĶѪоҲҵװɳġ˵
лЦȻųƹһѪȻ뿴ܷװͻƼˡ˵ŻץƳаװҲ·ļĽһ΢죬Щ㱵Ŀ𴦣װҵĸоڷҲֻǶսʼװˣǼӳɷ棬ͨ켶װˡ
ĻװĹ
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һ˻װڴ
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л֪ûж⣬ȻҪ䱸뷨ʶı۶Ѫ顣
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£̸ϣǰע⡣лĵ
Ѫ󸣬ҲԲģҪ㣬Ѫһεɱ䣬ɾͨ켶װ
л㣬Ƿ˰ɣΪλԸΪװ顣


2108  Ļ
ɱıԴȷ⡣
ճ̬Լ壬ҲΪ۵ģǶЩѹȹԼ˽бˣοҲߣǸµģɱ֮ġ
ӣˡƺ֪ѪһЩѴ
Ѫߵûʲô˵ģҸǷˣ
ʲôлɴ۾
֪װɡѪĵ
װδ֮ǰġ
ĿľԷġ
л˵ͷ
Ѫ˵֮ѪˣΪħѪˣΪħ裬ξ֮δҪ󣬻˵ʱ򣬱ΪħģŸĸħ裬ս֪ƵǱȾԡģսѾ㣬ǴﵽŴֻطɽЩ㣬һֱܰڱȺʱԾˣδһ˿ĸı䡣
Ѫ˵лȻоûһ˿еһֵʧ䣬жĳ羴֮⡣
л֪һЩĻҲҪ˵Ǹ溺ӣ
Թ˵ףѱȵ졣
Ѫ˽еھŴԡ´ﵽ۷ʱ˻ԵĴǰǿнѪ˵ԼϵѪȴģǿֹԡԼΪۣ꣬ŵʱ֮ɱһռųɾװ飬ѪҲ˳γɵĸԲŻѪ˵ģѪ
лɱ
Ѫĵطֻؽֻ崴Ϊƻеĵص㣬ϳ˼磬ֻؽ屻ɱ֮ģʹӪֶ˼磬ﱻҲնɱĸ֣Ǹͳɱ
ȵħԶɱΣлʵ
ڷɱ𣿡Ѫ鷴ʵ
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Ѫ˵ɱҪɱԷ壬ϧվһ񣬶ѪҲǽɱһЩл꣬ղųΪװģɱеõһЩлУһЩһĲл꣬ǰ츳ܿǸļӳ֣װսʼװУӳãͨ켶װҪ磬һΪͨ켶װһװ
ȻõһЩɱеĲл꣬һĲл꣬Ӧ֪һЩʱɡл
֪һЩʲôʣ֪Ķ㣬ϣܹһЩѪѪ
лģѾ˵Ҫ㣬϶ġһ£˵ʱʵ̫ңԶˣǵһЩǰ˫Ҳ޷һЩ¼֪Ҳ壬ֻ㣬һ㣬Ƿ˸ӣһ壬ѾóݣħģҾãǾǱΧˣıĨɱҲû¸ӵģڶ㣬Ϊλʮսʼʼɫı仯
㣬һ֪Ѫ
лͷϲĽеĸˣһֲֻ֪ʲôʱ򶼸֮ϣȴ֪飬ظоˣл˵ݵӡ
Ƿڸӣʼնһֵùע顣
ʱѾһǧ㣬ֻҪϣмĿٶֵģҪ֪壬һضҪʵ壬һ壬ǽʱӱħ裬޷˻ĵزһĵزĴڵ壬ٹȥһǧ꣬Ҳû˻ὫǷ߷̵ġ
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ʲôӵģҪ˵˰ɣǾǱһʱɱʲôǣǲǱһɱģǼħ޵ۺͬھĵزŽɱģǵĿʮ꣬ǸʱǵĴӪ˼ʼմ֮£Ψֻؽ֮ģ˵ǿû¸𣿡Ѫ˵
лԺвԾسϹ壬ǸʹʥֵϹΨһĺϹ꣬Ҳ֪û
Ѫ˵ҪȫҪɱΪθһαһ˷ɱڶǡʱ𣻵ֱӸֻؽ磬ƫֻؽ类ԶʥʸٵξʧܣµĸҲûˣ帴ϣ𣬿ǵѪȴˣܹɱҵ֮ǰĻһĻᣬѾ׶ϾϣǾѪ˴ڰˡ
ɱδ𣿡л
ȷûҲ˷ˡѪΪѪӡ˼ʱΪβƻǵҪƽ׾٣ֻǵɱ帴ĻᣬԲųֻɱģΪ꣬ٲ˼ġ
лסˡ
ѪӡǸʱ½ػߵػ֮򣬾Ȼ˶ĹУǶһһϦľּɵģĻأ֪Խ࣬ԽĿˡ
ȻԻδʱ򣬾ͽɱٵˣǶô˼鰡ѪӡĴڣҲΪɱʩΪġ
޷ɱ֪϶ɱģԲųûѪӡĿģҲ֪ŪˡѪһָϵװѪӡĿҪװ飬νԵħ֣Ҳģ˵ħҲ֮£Ǹʱĵħ磬кʸ˼翹⡣
лͷȷˣðһˣܹɵħģ㲻ܳͷͷųһҲõĵħвѪӡҲ˳ֶΪĶԸħˡ
뵽лҲǿЦѡ
Ҳѹ֣ǶȲͬҲǲһġ
ΪѪӡ櫴ĵħȷֲܿһ򻺹ٸ꣬޷ġ
ɱԶԶɱĴڣôƽģлʵǿƽɱΪԶɱͷûеأҪ˵ƽˡ


2109  ɫ仯
ɱһֵõ顣
Ѫ鿴ѾصĿ޵֪ɱԵ𣿡
֪Ҿ֪һڵ껹ܻңʼ޷װȫӳҪ֮Ѫܴﵽ۷塣޵˵ţΧƯһɺѪ
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ȴڣȫ֮ѪǱбһѪѪĲ֣򶥶ֻΣǳǳϡеġ
һ˲ãûѾǾͷˡѪ˵
ٺ٣˴˱˴ˡЦ
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ĿһһѪѪһĨ˷ܣѹ˵ɱ˵Ǳģ˵ǱԼɱأɱľ˵¾Ǿͷ֮ϣܷҲֵûɵģ֮ԱΪԶͨһĶʲôҲֻ֪Լ֪ǶŴ֮ѪӡųƵһΪȻȫŽɱϵģΪҲǳ괦ϢĽ׶Σ˵ѰʲôʺԶͨ;Ųʷ˻ΪֻһڰˣȻ֮л̵Ķڴڼ䣬Ҳûпһػ֮ģǾҹ櫣Ϊʲôû֣ɱ޷֣ȵָԪǡ̺ճ
Ȼ˵츳лԣܹѹһߵˣƺûУл̲µġ
ôһҰ櫣ѪӡпԳսʾ磬
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ȻѪ˵ĶǶԵġ
ͷֻһµ񱦰ȻĻԶɱѾˡ˵

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лѾûиܣӵѪ˵ǻڣɱѾЩ˶ҲǾһЩеˣҲˣοϹֻʣһϹ꣬Ҳ֪ţҾͷˣһ⣬ɫתʲô˼
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ɫ仯һ飬³оķ褣˶֪ˡ
ѪϸģҲ֪ҵõһЩлйɫ仯˵ǳ٣Ҳܹ˵Űɣνӡ˵巢ִﵽͷ۷֮󣬳ɾ;ͷ֮ϵĿܼһֻ룬ҵ˰취ʱҲ֣壬ħǶоͷ۷Ĵڣһֱһе˵ȻϣгԽǵĴڣҲţԼܹҵɾ;ͷ֮ϵİ취δñҲʶǽӡ
ӡһ嫵Ḷ́зӡЩͷ۷ħޣҲħΧԭ֮һǵӡѱֵģΪӡֻǵһΪڶεģǹؼ䣬ʲôûӰ죬Ψ˺ħ޳ͷʱ򣬻ٶȻ˾ͷҲ᲻ϵؼٶȣʱľͷ˵ٶȼһٶ౶
Ӿǽӡ˫ãħԵʧȥͷ֮ϵĿԣħʲô꣡ΪɫֱǺɫɫɫͰɫҲŰڵģνľͷ֮ϣҪ͸壬ܹﵽģɫ꣬ĸ֣Ǿǡֻأ
Ѫ˵лͷ𶯲ѡ
ĻħΧĻɡ
ҪΪ㲻һĴڣ֮ϣԶܹݱ˵˭
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лһĨ⣬˼˵лɾ;ͷ֮ϵΨз褣ħͷԶͨľͷǵõʥ֮ģҲܳɾ;ͷ֮ϵġ
ֻҪû䣬õʥ֮ģҲ޷Ϊͷ֮ϵģ޷ıʵѪ˵
лŻ񣬵ǲҲΪǷӡ䣬Գǻ˸ܿɫ仯ġ
Ѫȷˡ
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һ˵л޺Ѫ˶һ
˼˵褺ħأǴ˵ıΣԸģҪأڵķӡ䣿л
ΨһͨĿܡ˵ǿԶͨͷʵҪѷɫһЩҲܱħѷɫٰɣĿǰ֪ͷЩħǶҪְ취ܹӡ䣬ħͷƾʲôܹĪľͽӡ䣿ΨһĽͣҪ֮귽


2110  ֮
һֱҪ˵лǵħĴħ֮ħʧ٣ΪǱȵģû˻뵽ħͷ褾ȻѡأȻҲ϶ĺôӡĽоôڵ̵ļѳ̶ȣϾҪֽ࣬仯Ϊ޵ģпô꣬ħͷ褶ѾﵽһֻſԽͷĵزѾЩͷɫˡ
ͷӡҪεȵĴǻ۴ܹ
ˣǱȽص飬Ҳܺ⣬ǹΪģĿľڸӡ飬Ͼһˣлͷ֮ˣٶȻܶ࣬㣬ͷɫĲż󲿷ֶǽɫģ˵ĸӡˣڱ˴˺ĬıܣҲΪˣǲŲȫµľͷΪǷƴΪЩ˲֪ԶܽҲ޷вǵĴڡл˵
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⵹һҪԵ⡣
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2111  ֮
Ũص֮󣬼䲻־֮ͬ͸ָ߸ϣͬһѹȸУվһԵûʲôᣬѪ˽ףװ仯ȻҲǿһѹȵġ
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Ϊ޵;ͷܵ˷ǳǿѹȣⴿ֮ɲ˵ܵĪ˺޷ӳǿΪ۷ʱڵϢ
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лаŨ֮ҵйһӿػڡ
õ֮ʺʮʷ˵ӰͿʼһ˿ϸ΢ı仯
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л˷֮࣬ͷִžǧ׵ĵطһӰһǽ˳˷Ǳˣħ˵£


2112  ħ
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һ±㽫ǺɫŸ飬ĵâħ˵µ˫֮϶һѪۣͬʱãл˫ǰ̤ȥ
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̤ħ˵µ棬ǰ½̤飬¶һƤףսҲƤ׸赲
ˣħ˵ҲߵܵĺܣѪҲٵĵɳȥײһǽлҲзתأ񵶣ٶȱɱȥ
ħ˵ߵл͵Ϯˣҽվ֪ҵ
ЦĲȴҪԼȴˣǲصʦлĵ
ߣ
ħ˵²ش˫ֹ⻪һһǹһƳ˫֮УʮҲ񱩵ӿ
һħȻ

һ´ħ档
Ķƣͱлһ̴ƾȻʵĺܣеλöûгһƵĵط
ͨ켶װл㵵ĵ
ҵħװħ˵ϵħǹֵ̳ħҵǰƶл޷鵶Ա
лһ̧ҽţбһ¹סħǹǹʮս񱩼һӽħǹѹڽ£ֱ̤ڵϣǹ档
ħ˵ħǹһ
֮ף
лһ˿Ц⣬һץ

۵Եļһץ֮£Ǽ̱֮ħ˵µлƿأȻתΪΪ֮գڰ֮ףε׵˼͵úܡ
ҵļ֮ףħ˵´ŭ
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ʥħǹǱ𣬷־ɲǱɱ𡣡ħ˵ЦҪΪҲ֪һٱյ
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ֻҪĹڣϣħ˵΢΢һ𣬱ǽͻأĳһڣûС
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ǽںѱۿ͸ģȴԼܸоħ˵µϢȻ΢ȷ뿪ġ
лһţû¡
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лǱУʼ˵£ԼĿƷΧڡ
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˵µľл൱ֻΪͻƱԵİɫ꣬лǸոմﵽĺɫ꣬ˣ϶л׷ϵģ˵ΪħתٶȷҲǷǳ̬ģлδռٱˡ
ת˲䣬ԹƵͨȻʣһӴׯ԰ڡ
ׯ԰лҲ֮ʧЧȴӵðҲһۿׯ԰ĵһ۾ʱ



2113  
ΪȴЩͨ棬ƽʥػʥȵеļƷȻͬߣȴ֦ҶïէȥͺͺľͬûзС磬֦ѾҶ߰Ƭӣȴɱ֦Ǳֱģûһ˿֦㳶һֱӾܵһʹõģ辭κεĴĥ
л֪Ĺڽ˵
ǰӴׯ԰ڵĽ˵һģһͨɫģͬƽɵġ
ǧףһɷâ͸¶
ʷ͵ĶЩνĴĲϣۼͳ̶ȣȣҲѷɫġ
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л֪һ㣬ޱȣһص㣬·̫£ԽܵԼ˼ʶģҲ˵ͬĲľһ㣬ֻܱһЩĲϣΪػʥľ֮սߡ
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ŵħ˵±ǽʧģô˵²֪Ȼ̫ܣȻˣֻһֿˣܿĪɱ׽룬ܻǱɱˡ
лһóϵϡ
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аװӳ֣лսܹܶģҲҪѾնɱ󣬷ݡ
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׵񵶱㲽ׯ԰
ׯ԰ӴռһƽӣԵúСΪĽΪ׸ߵľƵģлվһǰǷž׶ߣżܿһЩӡԼվС
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ǧ׵ķΧûпһˣǿһѾʼĹ壬ǹңҲ֪Ѿˣڲſʼ𲽵ĸ࣬޷жǰʲôӣżһЩʮ׳ĳǹ׳ľ޽
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лùҡ
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֮УлҲעǵ档
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ŵׯ԰Ժռݽ֮ġ
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лæ񵶵ֵ

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лʣ˫۴һ˿ʹУҲͬҪɢƵģҲе㲻
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˵£ɣлĵ

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˵µЦʸ񿿽𣿡
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ǿĽֱӽлķתŷɳȥֱӴׯ԰ڷˤȥԹͨһ߰˸ǽڡ
֮лһ棬ˣԾ޷ͣºˡ
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ס֮лһȹأſ³һѪ񵶵ͻͻĲһ˿˿Ѫڱˡ
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ؼ˵·Ц
лһվóξƹཹཱུĹһƿһ°γڵϵ񵶣ȥ˵£ǱҳɱˣǾݹҲˣ


2114  ֲ
лͻأı仯˵˿ûзҲѹ֣ƿصĿǽ˵֮ڣż淽褣ûһ˽Ŷôµ
лһȥ
Ĳӻȴÿһ£Ƹǲϵһһ۷塣
޷ԶƮš
ͷ˸貵ɫ⻪ָ˸ŵĵ⣬սѥҲޱȹͨսѥģ
װͳͳı
лбָأڵ滬ţĻǣڿ񱩵սͳͳһԶͽָڡ
ž
ָ̲
һɫĵ˸ǺȻǵͼʥˣѸٵתڣȻ֮ΧŵϸСʥҲͳͳ׷׵û񵶣ָ׵˴˴̼
лļУܹɱ׼Ҷϣ۷ʵģԭʥ׺Ͱ֮׵ı˴˴̼ܹʹð֮׵ı˴˼лûǸܹЩǿĵģϾʵԽǿ˴˼İ֮͸ǿȻǳɱķǡ
ǰսлˣֻǴ߶ٷ֮һİ֮ף϶޷Խƻģ۷ʮ󸶼Ȳġ
õİ취ǣԼɻԴʱʥ׺ʥ֮ı˴˴ֲ̼ʥ׵Ǽʮ֮һлҲֿܹĵġ
ž
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лٴׯ԰ʱ׵Ҳֱһ˵ĵزˣİװ˸ܷȥлȥ;ףͬ
л̬˵ȻҲ֪ȻǷǳµɱУȴ⣬ǽֵһŵļ͡
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ડ
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л̤ԺʱȻطֱ߿գɱǽȥֱĶе˵µꡣ
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Ľ˿˴˾ڽǰвȻлΪģγһ޴Ľɫϼ״һ˿˿ķ϶ܹ͸ȥ
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ˢ
ǽ˿ƶɵĽɫϼ룬ͬһֽɵش͸ȥǾ޴Ľ˿ϼ̱һ΢ĵ⸲ǣȻ飬еĽ˿ѣһʮ׳Ľ˿
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һɫҲµ۵ĵطһ˺ۣطһаãûаˡ
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׵ȻԵϣǵļͳ̶ҲѾﵽһ˼ĵزˡ
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2115  ֮
Ŀлû£˵¾һ漴¶֮ɫҲ˲ö٣Ȼ߶Ĳһɾ׵Ȼವһŵ´ȥ
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лɢٶȳɱ
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ἰͿ³̶Զ󣬿Ҳһ㣬ǾǳĴͨͨ켶ֶɵĻ飬лսȻԹ˵ġ
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л£սҲӿȥͿһЩϸСѺۡ
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۾ǿ޵̽˳˯׶ΣǳȴһѪҲ뵰ѹлˡ
Ѿӵޡ
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ѾеѵĽ˿ռ÷˻潫գϵҲ֪Ҫʲô
ֹȥ죬ĵıִѺۣ֮ţʹų͵ıҲʼѸٵĿή
ž
һ춯
شԼʮ׵ĵطһЩƬһ飬Ӧһıͳͳѿڵء
лҲˡ


2116  ȭ׵Ĵ
лӵð
˴εĿޣɲֹлİһսͬеḶ́ұһζսҪһЩн֧֣֮лΪҲ൱ио֮ƺѾͻ۷ɫĵز͸ܹ֮ɫĹǧɫɱҲֻһʱˡ
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лӵ³ͿڴѵĽ˿֪ʲôô޵ıͷţѾ˯С
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Ľ޵ռָ
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޲ûʲôԼϵֻǵĳһ״̬ɳɱ䣬ɾ;ͷĸ顣
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лһ޶ģ̬ľͷܼͷƯŵѪ飬˶ڸʲô
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лʼ磬˵ʤǹؼԵĵˣѾǳˣǴͨ켶֣Ͱͷˡ


2117  ս
лĻȻͬʵڣʵԶԼˣʤǱסǹؼ
뵽Ժлٵɵ̾һ
ˣҵ˶ǵ󰡣˼繫ϵĵһ츳Ůô̾ģδĴսˣл§磬Це˵
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Ѿǳ۷ɫ꣬ͨ켶һҲʮ㡣

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𣡡
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л٣濾ϲĵлɫǣ


2118  Ů̼
Ϊģżл𼱻ǣɷ죬һ൱𺳣ͷͷ˸ɫĵ⣬ݣҷ裬׵ȥ裬׵ͼ̤սѥ˸ŵ⣬ƺ̤׶Удżȭףɫģ񵶡
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뷨ոðͿл֮˸ɫĹâս߶İֱ֣һȭħķâ֮

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Ҫ֪ʵǿԷâ¶ħܴˣԼҲҪϵġ

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ȭͷٶȴħ
ֵʱҽŵȥ֮ˣлûгûǵȵվΣٶɱ
лȭͷͬȥ

ת˲һٶȭ
һȭֿѪӵħҲȥײǽ֮ϣ㽩Ӳˡ
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ħڿзתأ档
ص˲䣬žһˣһƬƬΨǰĵⲿѺۣûѿ
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˵꣬建زǽڵϣû˺
̫ˣ
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˷ܵѾǺлˣһս̫ˣе㿺ˡ
ҲķҲǿл䲻ӣҲųȥĳ嶯ɿ濣ǿ˵ʱԵһ߰ӣֻǵлƾȻ濷¡βϣûѣûɵľһŭһӳ˹ȥ


2119  ʥŮ֮
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2120  
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2121  װ
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2122  ֮
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2123  ˵
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һ֣лʶ㵣Ĳ⡣
ΪʲôҪл


2124  ں
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֮ζԼյЩԵĶ޷ĸоͷھԵǰ巴ûʲô壬׾־Ե
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ΪBһڣлһ£ǷڵѪ鶼һ
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㾡ܷģǱػһΪնɱħģħǿں֮뼤֮׵նɱǣ⡣лŵĵ
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ãұ㽫֮һƬмŵϵ߷Ըܶ
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֮ʲôǾڷ嶼޵е֮һԲʲôܹ֮ģһʲôܹӵУ˵ػţȻ嵱ǿԸ֣ô̺ŵƬȻ嵱Ծͷĳ
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ˮڷһĺХ
ˮڸ˸ֲģ͸֮ڣһǳ΢أԺԲƵƬֳҳֳʩչϵĹ̡
лضţţǰ֮ƺӦ̽һƬУҲ֮лڣʹлܹƬڼصһУ֮ٺ֮ںϡ
ƬڼصĶҲչлԺУ֮嶼ֳˣ˶ǡɱ


2125  
Ƭݺϡ٣ɱ֮䶷֮⣬ǰݣȻŴͷɫ֮һսǿһǳͷ֮ϵǿߣڶǿߡ
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֮ΪҪɱõȫƿ֮뱻֮ɱ𣬽һĲƬ֮С
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䣬ವһ±˳ȥٶȿ쵽˼£˶ûзӦѾBǰֱץB磬Ҫܻ׽


2126  ȺŹ
˵Եͷħڵʱ򣬻ѪƶɵģĿľҪħ壬ܷ֮Ѹٻع۷ĹؼڣȻҪע⣬԰ͷҲʼǸܡ
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˵һӳǶ̾͵Ϯͨ켶λɫĸûзӦ
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أ
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һҪУǾȫˡ
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ˣǺ촸Ҳܵ磬һѪ⣬Ȼ¥ǰ
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лĺ˵¼ǰҲãҲգûлǰǱʧͽ
ľһҲ̧ѾӣŵҪ̤
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ǰɣҾ֤ǿлȻ֣ʳָָǰһ㣬Ϻȵ׷


2127  ħʯ
׷лۼϵγɵһȫµĶҲؼԶɱ޼ɱֻأݵȶлµĶ֮һ
˶֮İ
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лõɿͷɫϺͷ˹п˵Ľ棬Ծͷһжϣں֮İ֮ףȾͷɫǿʢʮֹǸʱڵİֻ֮ǱȴɵʥǿһЩˣеλʮսʰɫĲ࣬ɺȡ׵Ҳ𽥵ıԽԽǿܹûʵԵת䣬Ҳֻˡ
νʵԵת䣬Ǿ֮
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елսͽսǱԴϵĲ࣬ͬսʮԭһȭܹ׼սʼħĳһѺ۰ˣһȭܹ飬оû䣬ʵ仯֮󣬱ȵļҪĶöࡣ
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2128  
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2129  ۼ
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ʹð֮ף
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2130  뷨
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ӵжϣڻ۷ʱڣҲֻˣܹ;Ųʷ˿һµġ
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лüûôװˣжϣǿܳʮͷķ˰ͨ켶λģܹ⡣
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ʮʷ֮֮ٿʮʮʷ֮ںȻ۳һͷʮʷˡ
ʮʻ۵ĺʵҺ̬ǰԵúСȻתΣҺ̬ڡ
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лŻһ⣬Ƿ˳ɱȥ


2131  з
ѪἰԼûоԵİգϾֻһУӶһЩŪİ취δκεʵ飬ܷɹĺ˵Ͼ漰ʮҺ̬һͨͬзǳĶǾ棬һʲôأͿŪɰ׳յġ
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һӽǾͻ澫һڣԼʶУǻ澫׾ͺʮںˣҲֻһ˿˿΢ı仯ѣҺ̬һ˿ı仯
һľոУ̻˷ˣǺȻȥ˵ģط˻𣬳лҺ̬
лһԼҺ̬ʮһӿȥֱӽ䳹׵˺飬ûзһ˿־Ҳˣ㳹׵Һ̬ڡ
ڳӦԣ˵еĸо
лûڸǾĶܹظоĶˣȵлľ沨ʧ鲻ԽĿô
лϸһĨЦݣɹˣ
̫ˣ˷ܵؽ
Ѫ鶼һ
ɹˣҲе鷳Һ̬ںһ־ԾɾйȽ鷳л˵
Ϊԭ´εһȡںһ˻棬޸ͷܵƣܳ׽鷳Ѫ˵žͽǷ˵ͷſһ㣬Ҫر㣬ֻҪﵽͨ쾳磬ǳӵĹؼΪ룬ܹﵽΪʲôЩͷѾˣȴЩܹתеܹ˼Ķؼ꣬һҪмǣע꣡
鷽ţѾһˡ
л̷꣬ںһЩ˻ԡĵΰͷܵڡ
εľͷܽɫʥܹۿɼ޸ٶȡ
Ŀǰжϣʮͨ켶λķ˱ͷܵ޸ˣжʮͷͨ켶λķ׷ɱˡ
޸ͷܵ
ͬлҺ̬Ĵûᡣ


2132  ʮ
εʵУлȻǶԷԭһӷһٰʮȵת䣬ǷлУģҪͷ򽻵ǲĺء
˶ȥ˰ɡл˷ܵص
һĨۺ죬Ѫعǰȥûдл˼
лһ
漴лȻˣҪˣҪԵǶʮͨ켶λķˣҪǶԿҽնɱһǣҪá
βܷأ
лҲʣڴһ̵ĵ
ӿٶȡ
ƾ׷Ѱ΢Ϣлһ·˵Ϣһֱ΢ʮؾȻûа仯һ㣬ɶ϶ʩչطǳĿ£ϱǰͷһδӾŲʷ˵ߣһǧ˰ɡ
л˵һٶȸ졣
ľٶȴлȲҪлˣɵ÷Ҫʩչǰ취ˡ
ѭһޣʱҪɢϢлٶȷӳģսѥóˣ˿ݣѪٶȸֳʵô죬ζ϶ӵģȥսԺڵλã
ҵǵµϢĻϢܹҵڳֳģǸطͣ٣Ǹط˽սԼܹжϵóлͷҲصĴ
ܹѪ
Ȼ
лûйĽֻͣһζ׷Ѱ˵Ϣǰͻ
ѪһĨ⣬޷µϢҲӦһϢ
ŶлӦһ£űͣײĻУ˵ʲôԼӦôܡ
˵ġѪõۣ֮ڶħ޷棬϶ŷǷãԺһҪⷽע⣬ȡھ
лҲħޣ
ѪЦǷˣҲħޣֻ̫ǿ󣬲Ҵʼղϣо棬й̫ĶݣоͷŻ˵ǲħ޵ģʵǾħޣȻΪβɱΪأڿʼҪע۶Դħ޷棬ˮ϶дôġ
ˮ
Ѫ鶸Ȼ佫ˮлһ
Ѫ黰ˣ֮Ծⷽܿˮڵõ֮йģˮϾһģ֮ڵı仯϶Ҳеģʶ۱仯ܺˮŽܵϵ
֪ˡлͷ
̸֮䣬Ѿٶȼǰȥˡ
ǵĽ̸ҲŪѪ𾪵ԭжлܹˮйϵ
һ·쭣
սѥļӳ£лץסһǰδеٶȿ쭣ɳȥӶʱ䣬ڿһĻ档
ֻңԶʣʮͷ˾ȼſϣβƮҡʰ쵵Ļһֵա
ʮڣ
ǿһĻ˲䣬лԺб㸡ֳôһ档
ʮͷ˻ģһͷ°ͨɫķռλãѪͨɫëչȫȼɫĻ棬ͷսԾǹ°ʮͷˡ
һĻӡлĺУ
ˣ˼İǡ
ʣһû֪ĳڣΪ˼ˣȻݡ
ԾǸ߰Ͷ
侲һҪ侲Ѫ
л΢ļٻƽûаƽ͵ĵ֪еһܹӦûʥһɾ;ͷġ
״⡣
Ψˣл
Ǹô죿
лһ˿Ц⣬Ȼ׼ʱ֣ţǰնɱͷ˵дݻǵ꣬ͷȫ޸һɱʮͷ˵꣬ҵɱҪ㹻ˡ
һĨۺɫ
ǣޱȡ
ʱȻ㼤ġ
лҲ
Ѿߵ顣
ٵǰ֮£ǳ⣬ҲеʱȵģҪۿʮڣ
ܹл˸оΪʮͷͨطʩչһֶΣΧˣַܹһЩġ
ˣһ飬㵽Ͷ߿յһͷܣʡ
˹°ͷĵ
һ֣ͨȴųصѹȸС
˻
ʮ˻
Ǳ㻯ʮգΪģٵת
˾ƯڰУʲô仯ޱȵϬǹȻս⣬˸еѪȡ
ҲҪս
ΨսܵƳ͸ء
лٶȽؼӿ죬֪Լ˵սȾˣǾΥĸоͷ
γأ
ضĿˣұ㽫ƣڽ£ѹҡ
ҾؼΨһ
޵У
أǷͷֻ֪޵УлȵǿսϯأңӦ
пл֮ǰѾ񱩾ˡѪ鵭ĵ
ҲϲĿлǰл޵еĵ񱩾
㲻ս־
°ȫһսУֻһսûʲôܹġ
ǽգ׼һȴһĪս⣬ӵǿңӵļᶨȻԾŤͷл
һһĿңңԡ
ݵļ¶ĺлȻһָоǿΪ˼ɸһеģһ޵еս⡣
Ҳ֪۴ģս߹ͬ
˻
˶Ȼһ˻
ϵ׺ȻǣŨɫ潥ò·Ļһɫա
ٿʮͷˣǵпĺſٵתٶԽԽ죬ؾͻ֣ᷢǷ·һ⻷γһصĻ档
ûã˵Ӱ㳹׵ûɫĻ֮ˡ
лһˡ
ѾԼУѾʥʵľˣһֻ̤ͷ磬ֻҪչأɳɹ̤ͷģǿԳˡѪ˵
лŤͷЦеĵ˶ж


2133  ͷȫָ
ܷΪͷһԵɫǾų߱Ļܹ֮У˿ȥֻܹ棬޷͸濴壬ǾһĵزҲǷɾ;ͷ
ɴﵽҪ
ʥһĵˣֻչأͻơ
ľͻƲͬһͷ磬ǾͶȻ˵עģûзǳĸֱǰ׼ĻͻƵģҾͻƳΪӣҪӰͷͷ磬ҲҪλģԶô򵥡
Ųʷ˶Ծ֮±׷ɱڻ򣬴ﵽڵĵز
ˣΪˡ
Ծ֮塣
˶㰡ˣ˾Σˡлһۺ죬Щɵɵߴٵ
оԼ̵̹ġ
֮飬øκˣֻ֪֣صĵ
ͺ˶һлЦ
ƺҲ͸һӵζ
֪ͺá
УЩɣʮҪˡл
۾
鷳
лΣֻܱۣͣʵղ۾ûκε۹עš
Ϳۺ죬۽ü͸һӵ⣬ҲЩ٣ظϵţ˵գѽգģһ¶һ㣬Ĭüļ͸һĨɫ⣬ǾʥŮµĴ߶İ֮
΢΢ǰ벽
лˣزƺѾлţŨŨϢҲ
лᵽĵ㣬
ʲôʱͻȻǰ۵Ľл촽ϡ
Ȼǽǣ
ͷոһ̣леһС˽ʶ˫ӵסͷӭȥ
Ȼǣ
˵һ˲䣬һ˿ĸо洫ݹлԺһѹҲоҵĲˣһɰ͸۴ݳ
ͷš
·ؼѹκ궼ڲ
ʮͷ˵ĶԳһ˲ͣ͡
Ҳʱл̧նʮͷһץʩչֵؼ
ɱ
ʥŮµĿԼط֧֣ɱ֪Ѿﵽһǳ̬ĵز
ݣ
ɱһѳԼʮ׵ľ͵⣬ڿһӶ
ĳ֣شı仯
ǿֲѹ֮£Ȼ޷һ״̬ʮͷͣ׷׵ķֵ˻
ˢ
ɱڿһӻһĨ貵ĹâγԲΣֱʮͷ˵֮ڡ
֪
ܹ˶״̬ɱһӱ㽫ʮͷ˵ˣʧȥǾʬ⣬ӵġ
׼õл̷籩
Һ̬ʮʷ֮ϳ
ڱĨɱ֮ʮͷ̼ͱĨɱˣûκεķǿ֮Ҳ޿κΡ
ͨͨͨͨ
ʮͷ˷׷׹䡣
Ȼδ⵽ʲô
лкҲһʱƿƮɵԶǣǣһ°ʵԺܿƽķûκεųг֣һ˿˿ӿ
ܲôࡣ
лϳֱ֣ʩչһץȥʮͷ˵ƬŸһķ˻ԡİγһٵѾͷųľͷܵڡ
ɫʥ˿ڽлͿ˿Ծ˵ٶѸٵֺţֻգۼĹ˿ڱȫ޸ˡ

л˷ܵЦ
ͷȫָˡ
Դ֮Ȼоͷڲ࣬Ȼˣһģ޵еսҲ˿ĸıġ
οͷ޸Ҳʾ
Ϊͷ˹п˵Ĺؼڣ˹пִ򴩾ͷܵ꣬һΪͷܹɡ
ʮ𣡡Ѫѵ
лŴ˷ѹٶȳ֡
ѾйһεḶ́һ˳ǰ⣬ЩҺ̬ͷ˻ֻذľҲ׵ĺлҺ̬ݣʮںϡ
һУлһӣսռ䡣
һսռ䣬ȵҺ̬ͷų纣ݲΪȻһṩľ࣬ȥʣʣµĴľҺ̬ģ͸ˣʮͷˣвͨ켶λķˣҺ̬ںлľһӱﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
纣Һ̬ƯлΧͬõĺһ㣬صţγһ˵Ĳơ
Һ̬һʮ׺š
֮ǰʮǸģöʵ
ǵ׺һŵţÿһޱȵʵˣɶ϶ʮѾ߱񣬲ǾŲʣʮʡ
Һ̬лҲһ൱ͨ켶λɫ꼶
֮Ժͨ켶λɫ֣߶籩Ծܹشģ϶ɱĿԻǷǳ֮ġ
ŲʷˣǸһݴ񰡡л޸пĵ
ʮͷˣͷȫ޸лʮѾлҺ̬õȵǿӵҾ߱ɾ;ͷһ
Ųʷ֪Ҫ˰ɡ
лջҺ̬һӣսռ䡣
ʱ˿̣Ѿǰ
ܲĿռ壡˶лʧس֣ûзһ˿ҲɵĴָǾ塣
ǰû°ɡл
ЦξŲʷҾ߱ɾ;ͷһҪλ⣬Һõĺء
ľ磬ƺ׾޸õģˣܾҪһʱܹȫָġ
û¾ͺãǰΧ˰˹п˵л
һµʱ䣬㹻һָҸһ¥ˣŵʱ򣬸ճɾ;ͷҲҵ֣ŵĵǱ߱˵ɣȥʵڵء
лȻûκġ
ڵأл֪ģȻ·ȥķǻ֮ϲ࣬ʱפء
ǰϵлʵ
̾ûϵǾŲʷ˵õڵأҪҵ֪ȥ֪ͨͱŲʷ˷ˣ仯˵Ҳ֮ǰ뿪תħʱ¶һЩͱˣιͷ­ʵ״Ҳ̽ҵġ漴һЦҲøˡ


2134  ׽
˵βֹøлĴգ;ŲʷһսѪҵ˰лʮҺ̬İ취ʮһͷ֤ⷽ
Ųʷ˴˷Ǵ̡
ǾŲʷδǰǰΧ˰˹п˵ĻҲע޷ٷطˣⷬҲˡл˵ֻǾŲʷΪû׷ɱǰɳʮͷķˣǰŲʷش˰ɡ
ҲĸȤ
˿ЦҲ̫ˡ
ǵĻŲʷΪѡߣ׷ɱ
˲ˡ
ǰ;Ųʷ˴սĵط͸ģ⵱ʱսǰܹ˵أӦʹĳطŲʷ˴ˡл˵
㶼ƶϵĳ۹Ȼ򵥰Ȼл޾̾˵ûŲʷһսʱҪҽһ꣬ʹطͨң˵Ը̳ɾ;ͷ磬ҵ׽ϣԺǷ֮ȨߣԶҲûиϾɱҲ֮һʹðʱڣõǰһ˴طųɵȻߣҵжϣƲأ֮ѡ뿪Ӧͳ˧ڵܵһǿϮҲ²ⲻĻܿǵħһͷͷħɽħűƵȲѷ׷ɱҡ
лȻħһͷǿ϶³ɾ͵ľͷʵ϶޷;Ųʷ˾ģθҳֵأ
ɫ̫СħˣȻû֤ݣǾĿǰ֪һ㶫жϣħ类繥ˣܱܿһı
ı
лԺһ˲ִħ櫵Ӱ
˵ıĻôֵûɣΪǺܾܿıߺִߡ
뵽ħعħҪƻħʹڵһ󷨣ħʹǰȥʵֻһԶɱħҲԶɱɡ
һеһƺΧħġ
ôҪ⿪ıҲעҪȥԶɱ
ıǵģӦģϾڵħʸ񡣡˳뷨֮ǰֻһûκ֤ݵۣôڿ֤ʵˣħľͷžŲʷûϮɱ֣ȻҲǼƻеһ㣬ܿԴŲʷ޷ڵħǵıӶﵽǣƵá
лͷֿԻǺܴġ
˵ıһؼ㣬ӦúҲŽܵϵĿǰΪֹ֪鱨ǣħ緽ɳһЩֽڵء
ǰ֪ǵĴʵлʵ
ͷӦôڣмȼİͷ˵
ͷĸ֣
лǰħ忨޶֪ƱеħǲһϣóĽǣĴħ巽ͷǶħ뿪ģǵפڡ
ػħһĴħΪͷ뿪ôѵĽ;ǣͷϵܿܶħԶɱôǾԶɱ˵ħֻƺ˵ȥ
԰ħʵȻƽƽݲͬƿصħ˵õöͷͷǣɳл
˵ǸطӦǵıеһ˵
лҲ˵ǵĿĲʣפصĳһ£
˵ͷӦǣϾ׽ĵط

лͬʱ
׽ĵ
һӣлͨˣ˼ҵȷǳȥģǳǸطȥģǼȻĽȻ֮˵һأȥҲ
жϣħͲԵ޹ʵǰȥǸطˣ϶ĳĿġ
ħĿĵȥˣŲʷ˷ҪնɱҲǰǸطעҪˡ
׽ΪԵлڴ
ԵģҲӦһϤ׼ÿͻеһΣʮʱ䣬бըȻһ綼֪мʮʶвģǱը֮׾ͻʣһЩ֮ĩ֮֮ǰʱĩڣһ֮Ҳ˵ͼõ֮ͳͳʧܣ֮ѾʧǸطɾ˾ͷ֮𣬰ħڣʶҲǺıˡ˵
л׾߱ô
Ȼ֪лõ֮˵֣ҲΪĸȼͨףûףͼף׵ȴɾʥǿҲޣͬͼ֮Ĳ࣬´ﲻʮƶΪﵽͷ۷Ը֣аٷ֮ļʿգǸļûмʾõףǶʥкܶ࣬ʥ׳ɹǰٷ֮ʮߣͼʥ׳ɹǰٷ֮ʮǾͷ۷Ųʷˣ˹п֮Զûôʤ㣬ܲŸոչһ룬ʶǶȥ֣ûһȻˣʱͷͿ֣ܳԸͷûʥǲǲܾУǱʽȣȥԡ
еκһ֣ζ׵õһ۾߱һף˱ԴĿǰ֪ɵشݻһ磬ƶϣħҪֵεףɹ޽ӽ㣬ͬʱ߱ϵģֱӲԿǣȫûκεĿܣţЩҴӾŲʷռĶе֪ģ֪ҲǽĹ±ˣ˿ûʲô֪֮ĩ֮ͻ֮ˡ
һ仰˵л˼Լ֮ˣ˵ǹ
ҲǣħʥŮ֪֮֮ҲΪħнڵħżŵõģȻ֪׾ȻôİڣʥŮҲΪ֮ǿˣҲ⡣
˵֪ĩ֮ͻ֮лҲûзϣϾܹõ֮ѾǼˣɾ׵Ļ֮󣬵ҲԳܣٻһ֮ɵ嶼ԳܣԼˡ
ž̰Ĳɡ
лԾԼҲɹ̰ģҵϸʣһ̸
룬ðһͷõ뷨ϵسɳš


2135  Ҳ
׽׳ĵطȥ֮ԳΪΪԵ˲ǰԵܴܵƣ߻ħʶ˵Ҳصˡ
֮£ֱ߷УٶȻǺܿģһ·֮ϣ˫˴˽˵лǴ۽磬ҲͨĶĹµһЩ׵֪ʶʹ֪ⷽʶӵķḻֻˣԺпܸһЩ㴴ԵĶѪΪܹлװʮҺ̬İ취Ǿ㹻Ĺھʮ֪ʶΪģûġ
лҲ֪㹻֪ʶۣ˼ʱ򣬾Ѿ뵽취ˣҪ֪ڼ䣬̫ķ壬ǻ֮жٷ˱ɱװ˷Ѱ
Է壬лȵĺܡ
Ϊ˾ñлǹ͸¶֮Ҳ˴֮󣬹ЦԳ̫СˣԴ˵Ҳ⣬л˵ôίҲܿлΪ˴·
̸Ц䣬Ǳ
طռаƽһ߼ʣ֮л֮֮ء
һа׸ߵʯǡ
ʯͼƣ˸ŵ⣬ʾͼԾţ֡룡
ʯǾǰħµġ˵
ħƺǾоʵġлɺɫģĿ˵
˵֮ħճһ꣬ڼû֪ǻ֮ڣ֪˶ûԺܶ˶ѰΪĳż֣˲أ˵мͷˣʹô˵γɽħҲδȻĻӦ֪֮ʥŮҲ֪ˣһ֮ħȷĳֿ׵ǻ֮ˣֻǻ֮лḶ́ħ˵ҲҪõʯ̵ֵͼƣһַǳµѹ˻֮Ҳˣ½ûбɱħʧ֮ǰҲû˵أʼû뵽취û֮ɡ
лʯеͼЩпˣħĳɾƺҲ˵Ŀ¡
һǴ߻ǿ³̶ȣ֪
˵أڱԵطлܸоõŨصԵħǳĴ⣬ûκԣҾŨ˵ħĹػҪǿʢʮӣȷ°빦֮ıء
лվ棬Ҫĳ嶯
ӵҶôٶȻǷǳ˵ġ
߰ɣһȥŤͷ˵ΣգòҪ֣а˵صϵų֮սܹˮƽӣԵĽܵƣ˷ɱģңҪСĽ
ͷ֪ˡ
˵أлǰ棬ѰһЩϢܷҳڵء
һѰң;㵵ķ֣ħϢ鲼ֵܹеϢƫƫûһϢ
ѵѪƶġ
ҵܹ֮˱仯֮۵İҪˮڴı仯ħر񣬶෴ûʲôãлﷺһֹ˵صϢӣйս﷢ģûϢ
뵽ħĹصʱδκϢǶûжħޣٴȷܹħϢȷˮı仯ˣлҲסҪرעۺħ֮ϵĿҳ۵һȫµİ
лǰС
ʮ׷Χڵһж֮С
ʮ׺Ӵ۳ֳһЩط΢СлֻҪһطͿǸطŴ˺ֵĳֳ
ųưף˵ʵ巶Χֱ׵ӣǳӴ󣬲һһЩطΣ֮أһ粻Ҫġ
ķţѰʵټ
֪֪ʲôطϾǱŲʷ˷淢֣ڻأϾ˵ؾŲʷ˲㣬繫ϵķӣսûܹʰȻҲھͽġ
ֻѰҡ
лֻۣҪһҵġ
ǰд߰׵ʱлΪ׵һԵİͷ۷弶ǿߣĸͷսʼӦоУǧ֮ڣķɢǰƽѰʵټ
һ·һ̥ǵİͷţǰѰʵټл˵
ĿⶸȻϬƹ£Ҳӽͷһˣ޽ɣ֮ħ磬֪ǳģƹԣҪͷõѡǳͷӴֻҪչصĵطǡҲûܹûǰƻġ
Ŷڴ˵سͷǾ֮أҿԴġл˵
ô򵥣ƹҲֻһٶǰħ磬ѣԴ˵أ˽٣Դĵ£֮ʧˣħµʯǻ֮϶ڣֻӦü࣬ͷע֮ģѰ·˵ɾ;ͷõ򣬽ﵽͷʱ뿪˵أǰȥ׼õĵطչسͷģˣΪֻܵͷħض磿Ϊ̫˲֪ЩˣȻĻ¹ľͷжʮ֮ࡣ
л˵ҪͷҪ̫׼УԼе⣬Ϊսռ䣬ԼԼսռ䣬ûʲôʱƣǣҲδ˿ϧҲֻάԼҪʱƣ˵Ļ̫ˣڵľ磬Ҳǰͷ磬ܹһͷ硣
ǿ϶Ѱ˺ܶطǾͼǰнѰҰɡл˵ţǰٷȥ
ܿͽԶԶƲס
Ҳǰ󲻹һӵʱ䣬лͷֻһڴϲǰѰʲôǲǱˣĸ֡


2136  
ͷΪСľ棬ͷУʹǹԵģҪȻǻԵģǷԣ׼ԣΨжǲӸԵǿߡ
˷ǰľǶĸ֡
ǵҲ൱Ĳ٣ȻǧˣҪһЩΪ׵ͬǰͷǿߡ
ս壬ս࣬Ů׶Ͻɫ
壬л뷨Ǻͷҳ׾ѡ
ǵԶ֪л˽ĻУоƺҵ涼ǿģܱһֲĴڡ
һµҪƽ֮棬ǻʤʧҲһأõİ취ñѸٲ̫֮սлѡеľǶ壬ҲΨȽսʡ
лڷ򿿽һЩ
۽жֶУܹÿһ˶ڸЩʲô˵ЩʲôǵľΡ
ǧˣǶˣûĸ֡
ţ
۲ţлһһͨ켶λɫĶ֣¶֮ɫ
ôˣʵ
֣ҵֻܹ۲쵽ħµϢȴһͨ켶λĶЯϢлɻĵ
˵ȷ
лͷ
ֻܿħ޵Ϣ˵Ϣ㿴ô˵ݿԶ϶ǶֱϵѪ˿϶ĵ
ǰôȷлȻ
˵ʹ֮ĶԹ˲֪ģǵΪ游ΪҪȡʥ𣬳Ϊǿߣʧܣʥش⵽ʹ͵ϮʱĶ崦ʱڣΣѹͷ嵱Ȼܴһħ֮Ѫȥðһͻƣﵽʹ沢ĵزȥ˶Σһħ֮Ѫ鶷ǵѪ˵鶷ǲһ壬Ҳһϣɾ;ͷ۷ĴڣʶѪǷǳǿģҲ˶˵Ƕ֮Умǻ
л飬ô˵Ǹ˿϶ǶֱϵѪˣͨ켶λɫ꣬ʵҲզ
ÿһѪᶼзǷģԼչˣһֱǰǲ̫ǿҵģ͸ˣܹͨ켶λ磬Ȼڱܿصһˡ˵
лͷû˵ʲô
رעǸһۣҪǰУ׼ٵѰҴ˵أһҵʣҲʰ˻ָ
뿪Ϳһ˺Ͷ巽Ǣˡ
ϸһ˫Ȼ̸
ǶһͬĿģȻҪΧʡ
ĿͬȻйͬˣοӴѰҲһЩܿ˫ĸ˱ͷˡ
ͷ۷ĸһ˵档
޽ɣ巽ͷ۷֣޽ȻҲϤҽ׶ء
׶أ˵֣ʢϣͷˣһ˾ͽ׶أؾѡ޽ɵ
׶ɫȻĵҲûбҪവɣԼͬĿģɱʣҶʱɱ֮ģҲӦ֪
׶ֱӣ޽ɵҲϻˣδħ֮ǰƶɱ֮ˣʾһǸӣʲôΣգȥʲôǱ϶пڶʱڳɾ;ͷģһɾ;ͷĺԶǳģƻ棬һˣԴ˴ǵõɱʣ
ã⣬һ¸߸£ħ緽Ҳɳ˸ǰҲҪɱʵģѾҷȡϵĶҲȥܣնɱ֮ǰӦòҪͻĺãڵħ緽ڶȻҲǳȥģڱȥ򣬸΢ƶһ£ȥϷ룬ɱ׶˵
û⣬ô졣޽ɵҲʹ졣
Ǳֿˡ
ԼõģԻǾͽټѡİΧѰҪʸƳ
ν˵Ǿһɽأܶɽ಻ϵģһֱ棬ҪһҲô׵顣
лͽ׶أ޽֮Ľ̸ݸ˵һ顣
˴˶кĶԹ£ȫѰʣԶ׼Ҫصġ
ʱҲκεĵ飬ȫѰҡ
ǰ֪һЩغʺıڣлʵ
˳ħµģضϷĵشǳӴ󡣡
ͨĵط϶пȥ֮һлֱǽڵķ
ħµĽأȻģ浽ʲô˻治֪ΪȥˣѾˡ
лǰС
ϷѰػʮ׵ʱǱѾյһɷǽڴ
ؽš
һɽȣһˮ̶
ɽȱһ׵縲ţ͸һɾ׵ѹƺƵģ·һͷڡ
ˮ̶Ǻܴ󣬱ˮƽ޲ͬһ澵ӳһУϸĻɴ͵ʹˣȴ˸ӳƵѹȸУɽȴв
лվɽȺˮ̶м䡣
˺򶼽սռ䡣
ط˶еڣ֮˵ҲֳǶ˽սͷǶսߡ
лվģнˮ̶
оˮ̶£ʵķ񣬴пѡˮ̶ġ
۱㻯εĹⲨˮ̶͸ȥո͸ˮ̶Լʮ׵ȣ̴洫һֱӽл۸ųȥ
޷͸ˮ̶
лڵʵ޷͸Ȼˮ̶ڰǷ
лҲżתɽȣ͸ȥҲӣǲǿң𲽵ɢ
ɽȱһ׵˸γȻķ
Խǽɽڣлͷ֣׵Խǲͬǲγףף֮ףʥ׵̬γ̬һ·һӰƯڿУԽɽȥӰ׵ԽǾԽǴ
Լ۲鿴ΧӽɽĵشʱһӰҲл֮С
ķŨüϸۣǵ͵ʵò
лʩչû¡
׵Ѿ͸£л˵׵ûκε谭ﵹܹɵʩչ
һɽȵڴڵ£ɽ׵ҲȻ
Ǹжлڵȫ°֮΢΢Ķ£׵̰
ӵȫ°֮׵л˵κ׵ӶЧġ


2137  
ɽڣлߴԼһ׵ʱѾˣлҲûֱӴӵ߳
ʿųǰӾһʲôط˵ؿħµ֮һ˾ţ֮βϿյķ׵˾Ȼ˿Ӱ죬ȥ硣
лʿ˵òɻĵ
ǰл˴ѰġлЦ˵ǰ뿪˵һǰҵһͬ޷˵أ湧ǰˣҪǰˡ
ûϸ˵ʲôֻǼ򵥵һ¡
⼸ڣᵽˣʵĴȼȥܹ֪ݣһϣΧ˰˹п˵飬ֻл
üһؼڣʱ޷ġ
ǰǣл
ɿЩˡָָƯڿеЩ׵ӡ
лͷע⵽ˣǵ׵㴿⣬֪ʲôʲôã
üëһ㴿⣿漴ȻʧЦˣҲǣ˵а֮ףȻὫЩӿǶӣһħµ󷨸ģҪСЩӣգѪͶ֮ڣǶĪİѪԴһһ̥бɾƿ׵֮츳ģ֮߱ײ⣬츳õģʥף붷֮ڣöΪʮı׶ţˣ˵սƺǶʮɡ
ʮлʵ
ѹӺȤ֮װѪеģĺԣڽܾʥףǿ棬ʮȻҲûʲôáʵһ£ƲսԺ첻ȥѰʥħǹ𣿿ҵ
лʵشʥħǹǰˣܿѾսԺˡ
ԣԵΪ˷ܡ
ѯ˹˵飬лҲûҽ򣬶͵ħѾѰҲ˵˳һĨŨҵɱĵڴӵĹؼڣǶ
ǾԵˣܿͿܵ˵صģ޽ɣǰҲ֪ܻɽѰġл
⵹Щ鷳ˡüͷ
лĸоʵһ׵ʱǿʱ۲鿴ɷһ΢׵ʵѪͶ뵱Уȷܹ׵ػ
һ£лҹǰںӣһҪڰɣ
ȷҪһˣӣҪ߳ѣ׵ķɣİ֮£ҲܴܵӰ죬ܸŵЩ׵ҵĹ˵
ҪǾͼˡлЦǰԵȣȥȥͻء
뿪ɽȣȻսռ佫˺Ŵɽڣٽʳսռڡ
սռս֮⣬ҲһĿռָֻάֵʱ䲢̫ãֻܶлûʱƵʹá
սռ䣬ҲǳմʮѹҲû˵ʲôֻл˴Ĵָ
˼״ЦҵʱһμҲĺأǳ֮һսռ䣬ֻϧֻܶ԰ԼʱƣȻĻͷ磬Ҳô鷳
ô򵥵ĳɾ;ͷҲ̫ûζˡЦ
ȻǾʶûʲôס
ʧЦ㰡㣬ô񡣡һл֪ҿ֪ӣһöѪһöڶѾðżķգҼǵƺкܶİͷΪģɺãȻһԵĽʮöѪʮö붷ڣӣǸӡ
ʹЦʣӳƺţİɣʣаʿǿҪҽзʣСӹûǼûļһóѡ
úڲŶԣʵĻ󡣡˵ţȴһĨ⡣
û㹻ʱǾЦǺǵĵʮöӣõʥħǹնɱ˹пӦ㹻ˡ
ߵΪɱ˹п׼ʣܷһȰʮöó
ҡͷҵľΪܻı𣿡
Ǻαءεĵ
ϣֻϣ´ˣӦøҲ࣬ҲעҪɾ;ͷİɣʥʺսʶ㾳൱һɾ;ͷҲ޺ˡ
ţл͸оܲζˡ
ô˵˵ţҪһ
лǰôź񲻶Ծأ
ûʲô¡Цݺܲãһı仯
кܴ£˳
˽ȻͬĴ𰸣леͷˣô¡
ʣ˼˵ʮöӾζſһضʱڣʱɾ;ͷ֮𣬶սͷɫǿߣҲ㣬ԳޱʹԱÿһԱĽһߣʮ֮ﵽ۷壬ǽǡ
лȻ̧ͷ
Ҳûʲôġʵ
ʲôûʲôһԱ൱ʲôʹڱö۵ɱһΣʹܹ࣬ܵġ˵
лĶΪ֮һ
ʵ⡣
ҪԼʹĥΪۣȡʥսԺ˳ɾ;ͷ硣
ͷ磬Ȼġ
޷εģϹؾеģο˳ʾˣҲãħҲգڣ˭Ըǳɾ;ͷԭҲƽ⣬һ˳ɾ;ͷ̾㶦ľ棬ʥֻ֮һöĻͻһ֡
Ǳ˳ɾ;ͷǵҲģƫƫʥʣսʣ˺ĸ繫ϵţһɾ;ͷõĶʥеؼ⣬սʵսսܣ˵Ľʥ𼶱ףƴһսȫͷɫͬھĵزټһĪ⣬ʮ궼κβõ˻ʣ˼ܲǽʥ֮һǿǻڱԶʥףģʥ֮ĺܿܶȥǵģ£ȻΧˡ
˼Ψһ˻ʣ޷⡣
֤ǳͷ磿
ϹؾУռͬУǴģǿռڣռ綼¶޷֤ء
ʾԼȫˣ


2138  Ѫ
ʵľ͵͵Ĳȥе׹⣬лĲ׽һĻҲжˡ
ΪֵΪ˼δ
Ϊزܹɾ;ͷ㲻𣬲ϵĴڣû˭
ͺܶʱһǻѪɴ½ɽǹѪվҪĥġ
Ҫ˵ʻҪʹࡣ
һöӱѣǶ۵ɱһΣʹ࣬붼˸еޱȵĿ־壬Ҫ˵ȥˡ
ǡǡˡ
Ƿݾлж°жһĨӨ
Աµ޷ʮöԱǲµ顣еǲ֪ӵԱҪѹȣȫԱĻǲһһ޷ȫǰĽ֣Ǿ޴Ķ۵ɱ˵ʹ֮С
лòɵһ
ɱȱɱʹһ򱶡
˼˵֪֮еľͷȴ֪Щͷɫʮ֮⣬һЩͷɫͺɫģ䲻࣬Ҳ٣ǶǾŲʷˣ˹п˵Ⱦͷʥ֮ĵģԶǱװݵģս֮£Զûװͬ׾ͷܱģһҲûʲôʮöӣǣǿһҹҲʮͷ֣˼Ǻ˻ʣҲʮͷʮöһһǿʮͷɫֳпܣȾ޷ﵽħɽڵͷ޷أ棬Ųʷ˺ƹ츺ħ˼磬Ҳֵģԡ
˵ȥˡ
ǰ㲻ˣлáл˵
ڰ֣ʵ˻ʲб֤
˻ʸոͻƣǾͷɫꣿлʵĿ޺;ͷܿɶǾͷɫġ
Ǿͷɫ꣡ʵ
ͷɫꣿôܣǸͻơлԾĵ
ҡͷҲŪ塣
˻ʵʵʵҲле˵޺;ͷֶ˻ʵĶ֣Ҫ˵൱˻
ǰлȰ⡣
ʴһӣŭ˻ѡе˼ϣģˣ滹ҪôһǾĸ˶ҪôŬҪ˷ѣʥ֮ĳڼҲʧȥʸһʥ֮ı˶ȡ˼罫Ϊǵ֮ūһ磬Ҿ˼ˣһкβɣ
ſԣҲ˵
лͷɵսռʣĲˮڲϵ룬ȫ룬ʽע
δܹȡʵͻƣҲǴһѡ
͵͵ȥ۽ǵҺ塣
ԵЩ׳
лӿԿƵɱ⣬ֻһͷɱ˷йеƣҲ͸ɱйǱѹֵʹࡣ
һлĿ
˼ɱˡ
˵㻶ɡʿպѹ֣Ц˵صĵطû̽ˣа֮ףǿԣܵõħµһ
ħǻ֮߼̺֮һѾõ֮֮ںϣɾͿԱҽħһݻ١ֱ˵˵
һ£ʲô̺֮Щ̫Ҳкˣ֮ţƺ
˵ֹħû֣ħǵС֮ҴӾŲʷ֪ħǸֻҪаٷ֮ʮɹʾ͸ҳֵˣһ֮˵ɹʸߴٷ֮ʮҡ
ôѵûа취֮ˣ˵
лЦҲûô̰ģһ֮ѾҸе֮׽ӽɹˣֻҪҵɣɾ׼ףʥ֮ı˶ߣҲһս֮ġ
һս֮ʤδسɡʳ
ɣʥ֮ľܹɾ;ͷ֮ϣҲᳬԽͷ۷徳̫ɣҵʱԾͷ۷徳磬ףӦʤ㳬һŶԡлû˵аʱɲǷף޿ƥеġ
ʳ
ƺڿʲô顣
ſԣʵӣʱˡ
ھͷ֮ϵжǿҴӶõһЩϣһʱżڵõһЩƶϳͷ֮ϵĴʵ˵
жǿл
ʵ˵ɣͨ켶λɷж󣿡
ɣͨ켶λɷľ޴ࣿİٱˣͷ۷;ͷ֮ϲ֮󣿡лԾĵ
˵𣿡ʷʵ
лȻŶС
ʵ໹ҪĶö࣡
ʲô
˶Ծˡ
ʵҵõʱһλͷ۷弶ƶϣĽǣͷ֮Ϻ;ͷ۷Ĳͨ켶λɷҪ̫࣬Ѿ֮ˣ⻹Сȥġ
һ£˶Ĭˡ
ĬãлɬĵҪƴʥ֮Ĳſԡ̾һѹ־Ƿ褣ħȾͷ壬Ѿһֻ̤ȥˣԾɶʥ֮˷񣬸ᵽҪƾͷ֮ϣܵġ
Ȼܣоͷģ褺ħǴﵽ۷弫ˣΨвȡǳֶΣſܳɾ;ͷ֮Ͼģʥ֮ģǿΪۣȡ֮дͷ֮ľۺʥ֮ĵ̺Ҳܹõͷ֮ζʲôֻҪɾ;ͷ֮ϣǾһָɴͷ۷弶֣˿ɷ㲻֮ʳ֪嵱ͷ֮һʲôǾ֮
лΪһҪѡʮöˣΪ̫ʥ֮ĵĿˡ
ʥ֮ģ֮
޵еĴڣκ˶޷ġ
˼ڵֻʥ֮ĵʸûУѡԼȡʸ񣬽˼ǿʥ֮ĵڡ
ˣ˼ȡʥ֮ĵĳɹҲ͵ģϾڷţ˭˵˼ҸͷϢֻ꣬ͷأ˵þŲʷ˵أĵƣҲֻԼҵֻƬﶼ͸¶ȥģΨǶȡʥ֮ĵĳɹʲŻġ
վǸ˼ȡһʥ֮ĵʸ
Ҳʸ񣬾Ҫ˲صĴۡ
˵ұ˵˵˾ͷ֮֮ʵҾǷӵɹˣǵĻҲֻܵͣ˵ˡŤͷлصӵ֮ףϣġ


2139  ȱ
ϣģ
ĸлʵȻǶԼļҲûǸҪ˫е۾ˡ
Ѫ鶼ӷƮ
֮ףǾµˣ񣬾Ŀǰصף֮ǰἰǶֻǾ֮߱һֵףҲ˵ĸȼУڵڶģͬʱ֮߱ģҲʱǰڳֹ޷ݣѾļޣͬʥ֮֮һġ
֮Ǹֻֻһˡ
㾹Ȼ˽ʲˬĵ˵
лҲеĿ⿴ˡ
ͼ̾Ҳǲ˽Ҫǿףʵ̫ˣеѶȣóġ
ûѶȣǾû˼ˡлһ˿Ц⡣
Сӣ񣬲ϲʴлļͷʾԸ
˺ߵ̫ˡ
ʰֵģ˵ɣϣҪȥ̡
һ˳һ˵׹ĸ𣬰Ѿ֮߱ûһ֮׾ͻǿһ𣬾߱ǿף˼磬ħʱ֮Զ֮Ǵпܵģл֮һֻ֤֮ɢűħǿʢʱڵһ붼һˡһлյ֮жϣҹҲ֮߳ɶѣܸ֮ͣûҪȡ֮
ǣл˵ҵõһδ궪ʧһЩԴĽĽ֮ھɻһ֮أѾǳܼˣγܸ֮
˵Ҫ˵ľһ㣬ȱݣ
ȱݣ
Դ޳ɰлûȻȱݡ
ܴȱݣ㷢ûУİи⣬ʱǽȻɵøӼ̼Ӳͣɶԣ˵
ûҪǴΪлͷ
˵Ǵ˵Ҳʱôﵽ壬Ҳ˵ļޡ
лɻĵʲô˵ļޡ
ȻԣԽĶͻƼޣ˵
ʲôлʵ
˵к֮ܶ࣬츳֮ǣջľȵȣǿԽ屾ĸǼǿģ˵Ҫɾ;ͷ֮ϣȱµӡ䣬ûҲֻһȾҪɾ;ͷ֮ϣҲҪӵдɾǾ߱ȫҲԶͨѡ㣬ǰԭ򣬶ҲΪģԲġ
弫ޡ
˵ļʮĻȻôණͻʮĵز
ѹ˵ֻеϣ֮츳֮ǣջľЩʱǰҲǰѵһʱеĶҪҵĺѺѡʿЦ
˵Ҳȫûϣħʱżʱż֣ûҲ࣬˼ء
һ԰˼ʱǰ˷еľ棬ܹһ֮繲ָʱڵĹؼΪҵһʱżָ֣Աַ˼Щżʱ𣬳ֶϲڣħģҪѰ˼żδƽǷʧ٣ٺԶͨԶʥʵȵǳҲƽ˷ҵһż飬˴˸Էӡ˼ʱǿĸϳżڲöģҲȷпܾ߱Щ
Ҫˡл
İôģʵ
л޸ĵʥͷһ࣬һƤѪĤһںϣΪҵİ
ͷ˵ܲˣʥʵˣţҸȱ壬ǻʥ壬ţʥһһԴɣɾʥٵõһ֮ﵽ߼ˣǰǣõЩǿǱĶſԣȻĻļˡ
˵Ż˲֪ʲôطһöռָ潫һƵľóл
ʱ֣Щ˶оҲϸķ룬óһµľᣬϸķ롣
ʥ壬塣лɨһۣȻἰָ߼壬伶ȷҪл廹Ҫǿ壬Ѿﵽ˼޵ļޡ
ҲΪ壬ͷ֮ϵľ羭ۣնΪΪ񣡡˵ҴӾŲʷռĶ͵ģħ磬ҾʹģֻϧⶫǲȱģˣͿǸԼõˡ
ҵҪоһˡлᣬҪĳ嶯Ŷˣǰ֪Ųʷ˺֮˭𣿡
ǾŲʷ֮һҲ򣬱˼һڣڿޣ˵ڶ֪˽ǱŲʷ˶ᣬҲ˵ݣΪֹҲֻоŲʷ֪Ҷ϶֪ľŲʷͷ֮⣬϶ľͷбȾŲʷ˶ǿʮʷˣҲûһܵġ˵
üëһ˵һЩͷ⣬ʮʷˣ²̫ܰɡ
˵ԺܵͣûУҸŲʷЩ꣬ҷһ⣬ŲʷÿÿϵֻҪ΢չؼ죬ƽ⣬Ȼӿ죬þŲɱΪʮһɾŲʷ˱϶һ˵֪ʶḻĴڣһʲôսһʱķ壬ķͨġ
Ʒ壬ʹ壬壬壬ʱѾǹϵĳǿˣеղأԶЩֻǿܱģͺΪ˾ͷֻ֮Ҫ겻һıܹаĻʼձֲģǺɵ飬ܹͷģһǰΪԼ׼ֺءЦ˵һķڣҵǿ⣬˵Ҵ˼뿪֮⼸꣬˵һЩʱľͷ꣬ͷ꣬ʮ
ôࡣ˾ȵĵ
ʵսԺҲûи˻ļ϶Ҳ࣬ȻĻܹѸٵ磬ˣΪǷӣΪǺΪĳЩָţҴӰͷɫһԾﵽ磬ΪֶھȻѹŵԶʥʥļ꣬Ƕҵд˳ɾ͵ģҲǵľٶȻѡӵġһ£һת㶼ŲʷˣӦȡ˲ٺöɡ
Цһ˵ȡ̫࣬ͱˣڵڡ
Ļδ˵꣬Ȼ紫һ춯ص
ʼտעлһĨ⣬ͷ磡


2140  
ͷ磬һЩԸвͬһģǾѾﵽһ㣬ʶһӦӶγν
һٽ̲Ӧģʶֵͬĳߴھͷʱйһ֮ڳ־ŸֵͬĴģʢΪ̸
˷л֮ڳֳĳȻǽɽ׻֮
⾰Ѹٵĳ͵УһȫɾͣǾͱͷɹɱͷˣνĽɽ׻֮ζŴ˰ͷóıǽڽĶǳĸ׻ʾԵİˡ
лĻʺ˱˴˻һۣЩ㵡
һؼڣҪѪͶڣһˣ֮˵ص޷۲쵽Ρ
˵ǳͷ󣿡׷ʵ
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𣬡е˼Ȼ׻֮ͷˣ򵥰
л֪ĲǺֻܶ࣬һЩˣʾʲôҲѿĳ
ǰ׻֮ʲô𣿡ʵĶµ鼮֪ʶܶ࣬ǳɾ;ͷȴûжټأΪʱľͷʵ̫ˣİ˾֪ģڣһܡ
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Цʱ֪ͨʶ˺ˮ˳Էһ򵥵ĵҲһΰһ˵ǱھΪʲôǣǾͲ֪ˡŤͷˣ֪
˵ĲĻ֪һ㣬һ籾Դй˵ֻ˼ʱƺ׵вĴħȣĴħޱǡģһħޣ֪ǵֿ׵в޷غϣ㱻˼磬ɾ˼籾Դ֮ĵħ磬磬죬˼籾ԴΪģԲŻֵͬľţﵮͷȻĹעŲʷ˾пܵȻǻԵģܵų⣬ҪɱһոճɹľͷǺϣģԣ㲻ҪŶþͷܣǷǲ
ףͷܾػǣҳȥǿԵĻҲ뿴ͷˣʲôлЦ
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ͷȥͼһ˿ǣһҪСġ
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ͷ۷弶޽ɿɲôģǲ֮߱ԲڵһУҲӹĹ۲졣
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ͷõɢһЩлŸں棬Դͷȥ
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ĴԸ֣вκδİͷһЩħһİͷ˵ΣأðһˣǰͷǿΣոء
ҲΪˣлȻͷܷɽڡ
ô޷ǾǶϾԼĵµǷΣܹļԼǱ֮ǰ̼ģȻ»ع鱾ĸоһ£лλᣬԼ»صǰ״̬
ſл֮УֳĸҲԽԽ࣬ЩСͨ켶洦ɼǵܹһͷȻǰͷɫģҪѰͻƵġ
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ʱ˿̣Ѿۼ˲֮ڣʵҲǰ˾Ž׵սʣٵ͵ģǾܵ˵ص׵ѹ֡
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Ƚϵ͵ѡһԻҵģûԵɫʵ˺Ӻܶ࣬ҲݣлҲ˫ųأʼոԼһʱʹҲǰȫˡ
ʱԴͷͷһе㰼ݵ򣬾οѾֳһĽɽǣǽɽ֮׻𽥵ĳ߲ͣ
ܵ۴˵ݡ
ͻȻ֮䣬֮ٶȴβңԶʣޱȵĸԶãʵһ֪˳ͷ磬ҵص㲻ǵħ磬磡


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֮еص㣬Ǳ籾Դɫħľǿ񱩣Ųǰľ󣬽ɽ֮ħɢ͸˺һеķâ·ҪһأħǷĿ𵴾죬ǷƶһʱҪ˴սһӣӦ֮ϣˣ֮УŰƷһĩ١
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һƬȼգҪңԶնȼʹõģһȥһƬľ
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˵ɣ㶼֪Щʲôлͷųѹħ֣ҪƭңԸ
ħ֪ǰ֮˾Ȼǳĸ֣𾳽磬ǿڲصľ硣
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2142  Ԩɷĳ
ÿһͷɵϣÿһܹﵽͷĸǱÿһҪɾ;ͷ綼ǾҵģȻѡͻƣͱȻŸĳɹʣô
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Ųʷ˱ͷβʮףǹʰ쵵ķβнʮ׵ӣ˫չҲǽʮף߿հ裬°ͷ­·֣һ㵭ľŲȼš
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2143  ֣ͬ
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·Ԩɷĳڳͷİͷٳ֣Ľ׷׷׳һԶĶǾŲʷ˶ȥ
е˼Ȼ׼ĻľͷҲԿЩˡŲʷ˷һЦ
лһŲʷܹƽף
ͷոͿŲʷÿһëһľŲ׷Щ档
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ÿһŲײһס
漴ͿԭǿʢĽףֳѹȵĽͳͳͬݱһɢˣļ֮»ع档
лҲͨ۲췢Եɡ
ڵƬŲˣҲǣŲǾԡģȻЧġ
ȻʧЦѹ־Ųʷ˸Ҳԭġ
ףŲʷ˫Ȼȶ

һɴžŲĿͻȻӸ߿սֱӽԨɷĳĽɽ׻֮ķ顣
Ԩɷĳؾ͸˵֮ڡ
֮ǿеĽɽ׻֮ѵľ׷չȥڸ߿֮УԵøӵһЩѸٵʵ·ʵˣԨɷĳڵİͷѸٳɾ;ͷı֡
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ֻħŨصĳ̶˸һ׵治ϵһöö˸ţһĽš
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֮ǿԶʤɽ׻ͻ𺣽ǵƣ֪мⷽԾܵ˲ҡβѡ
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ǰٶȣлΪ֮㵣Ҷ϶ʣսʣʥʳͷʱ򣬿϶ҲǳӰǾ޷ݵ۳ͣԼжϣ˻ʵƶϣҪ۳Ӱ񣬿ҲҪСʱʱ䣬һʾͻľͷǰȥɱģͻ֮ԾҪһʱ̾磬ʱɾͺܳˣ꣬߸£ͬΣյʱ̡
ͬʱħϷȻ춯صı죬һŨصĻѹһҵɱֱλó
޽ɿ֮󣬾еԶɱħʹ


2144  ħı
ŨصĻѹһʹңԶʳֳޱȵʵ·һƯŵĹڰУңңԣעĿǣǹǰҶۣħʹͷϷƺ׵ӳĵùǲڹֵƺһӰζţ
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޾ɱ¾Ϣ潻ݺţԶԶȥͺԶʱһսӣãбϢţԾܹĸܵ
˵ͬʱѾ㹻ˣôԶɱħʹͻأĲӽ͸ӵ˵Ļˡ
ֻҪеͷԣͻ֣ᷢԲô򵥵ġ
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ıħŷǳеĹȻĻԶɱħʹĳ֡
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ɲǰԼ¶ڰѰֲΪ԰ԼȥѰ·
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ͿǵħһӷеĽ׺Ӷɣ뿪Ԩɷĳشһ׵ĵط۳һ޴Ԩħģһھͽǻȥһϵеı
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2145  ħɱ
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2146  ħĿ
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׵Ըûκõģİ̺֮֮ͨĽܹвġ
лЩħĸ֣һ˿ЦҵӣǾúڵ׼ɣ


2147  Գ
˵ħһֵݵ絷ҵľ󣬲˵ħµļıǰѾƲߡ
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һжǼٵģеĶħԤһıֻҪٶ꣬еħɶѡ
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Խ˷ܣԽǼķ侲ǼֻѪҺѪҺܱŷսļ顣
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ǵħİ˴ͷҲһĽ˿Ĵ⡣
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ħ˴ͷɫȻ˿ûгԾ£ŵ˼Ծڿٵ·ЩǶ޹ء
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лֽһöӼ
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Щлòų⣬ͬһĸָصζš
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2148  
뿪лر£ʼѰҳֵĿ꣬Ȼ־Ҫƻõİ취ǰ˴ͷ֮һĨɱжͻᱻƻģлĿҲ޽ɺ׶عİͷɫĸ֡
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2149  
˫̥ܹһͨ켶λ磬Ȼ֮Ȼ֮ϵˣܹ˵ģҾ˫̥Ҳвͬǵľƫƫܹﵽһ£˫̥Σգעӵضġ
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2150  
籩ӣ˵ľ涼ܿƵľҷǸ߸ϵĹҲ⣬޷оȥˡ
ٿ˫̥еֱֵжϣΪǾ籩ҪϮĶ󣬶Ҿ棬ҲǱȽͻϾʦľȴûҺ̬һ²ֳˡ
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ͷţлԨɷĳڴ
ĹǰͿл׶ˣһֻ棬ָͽء


2151  һ
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԰лɵӣҪȻҲܽƣоͷ֮ˡ׶գգۡ
ǰؼҪ͵Ϯ˴ͷˡ޽ҲƵԣ϶ԭ򡣡
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лĵ⽵ٵһ˲䣬Ḻ́Ȼһһɿ񱩵Ϣٶȱ˿ҲѸٵںϣһ㣬һ㱬ɽ顣
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׼͵Ϯл֮ѷĹı仯£ŵĿռڡ
лܹҷ嵽زѾ˲ˣҲգ˴εƻǳб߸ҪţҲҪıˡĹĮޱȡ
ϴݳһɰ
޽ɵ˵ʱɫ䣬ǵħİ˴ͷҲɫ䣬ʩչﻹʲô׹֣׷׵ƴԶӴܣһ·Ҳ̱õɵ޽ɺ׶ѸٵԶ쭡
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Ļ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ĹȻ˱壬ᶷʦ壬ӶǾȫµ壬רɾʦͷ
𺣽ɾ͵ʦͷĹֻڱڵһѣлףΪʲôܹ˻ʿصˣȻֻǰͷɫ꣬ԭѣô𺣽Ҳ޷ʾĹʵǱˣѣγɵֻʾһֵǱѡ
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2152  
ͷĹıԱ
˵ⱾѾʦͷĹУڱڵһ궼ǿп޵ģǱҲνģɹףǻǰͷɫĴڣһ˫ֲͬһԱĻֲʲôĵزء
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ҿδذɡʵ
˵룬ʮ䣬ܹ˻ѡеĶ˭һĹһǰʥôǿΪβǰȫʱ䣬˼׳ˣΨһĽ;ֻѷһЩδﵽ˻ʵҪ󡣡
ôһ˵̾Ĺȷţʲлĵܱ˻ѡУضһԸ˵൱Խܵģ㲻ȥսҲģ֪ȻΪʦոճɾ;ͷҪ빮̾磬ٳصĻҪһ꣬Ҳǳͷʱ򣬿һսѾˡ
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лʼ磬Ų֡
һ£漴׹
սռģ룬ǳ󣬹ҲһĿڲϾսռ䲻磬ûһ籾Դ̼ܵӦġ
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ҵսռֻʺҳʱҾԽߵģܵʱԽ̣ԸڸǱ˵󡣡лӣǼλǰѺʱͻƵĻҾȥӦÿԡ
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ʵû㲻ͬ˼ϣ֮ѡһͷ磬ؼԭΪɹˣܸİɢ
Ƿȥ֮żأʮżҲûʲôΣյġл
뵽ǽǰʱʱڵһӸ˴żͳͳıݻˡ˵ⷽ㲻̫ϣֿܣǶˣõİ취ϹؾڣǱ֣ϹؾάһأӦûǿԵġ
лͷͬ⣬ȴһĿԵĻʻѡ
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ǽ̸֮ʣдƷ
˻ͷȥֻսԺʥħǹˡ


2153  
սԺվͽʥħǹ˳
ħǹһͼƹ˸ŹΣħǹ̺ŵʥħǹĵطȡ飬ʥ״飬ħһ٣а취ƹħΪ񻰼
ʥħǹֻ׼ͨ켶ģʥΪ֮Ҳл񵶣֮ͨ콣ѷɫģմַȫͨȻɵȡ飬ҲǺ׵顣
۱⣬ʥħǹעħǹܹ磬һħǹ
һһǹʮ׵ʱʥħǹȻת
ħǹ֮׵˸ǹһʵĽ£ʥֱȥһӽʲ
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֪лӵȫµİ֮ףȻҲǶ׵ҪɱˣҪɱĶġ
Ϳʥ׹ʣܿԭ⣬Űһӱ˶ͬͨһ㣬һץҲδʥħǹԶС
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л˶Щš
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ǰǷҲҪμӴ˴Χͷ˹п˵жлʵ
񡣡սԺһ˿Ц⣬ѾʥȡϵʥǽҪʹʹСһΣжٵж˵лļͷʥѾʼˣòãǾͽٴˣǺǣĺڴǶҪܶ壬壬ٴ𰡡
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лӦǳȴһЩ֮ǿߡ
սԺЦ˭˵һҪʵģҪĲǸսƺʹ尵͵һЩԶʱĶʥ׳ٶĺܿ죬һʱ䣬𾳽Ѿ˽òʮ깦򣬿ͨ쾳ʵӡ
ȻлٺЦǰҲ֪ɣ˻ƵĿռУоŴأ˼ӶһЩöһЩһЩϹµżؾ֮ģѾǴﵽǰδеļޣʱ˵ȷԱͨʮһٱҡ
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սԺͷҪһֻ°ۣͣĵƽʥƽʥƺǼ
ҲлĹŵʱ򣬴֪ģҲһֱ˼Ȼܹҵƽʥܾܿ˼Ƶһʮ֮ڣԽ⣬Խκһĵز
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ле㾪ˡ
ûȻܹжϳʲôطƺ̫
ƽʥԶͨп֮⣬ֻĴӪڣˡЦ֮ûܿʵܼ򵥣żµһܹþͷ޷߳ԹΪ֪嵱ΪľԻƽʥΪģռĻƽʥܲڵأȻ걻ˣнеľͷ֣ײҲ⣬Ϊֹδҵÿ꣬פؾͻøλõˣܹһЩȻٶʧǺʩչΨһ
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ƽʥػʥνǽԶͨĴڣҪҵҲô׵顣
ԴˣҲֻܼϣˡ
ϾƽʥҪѵģҪȡҶˡ
ǵĻҪΧͷ˹п˵ˣ˱˴һЩֵܳ⡣
ͷյĶԶǳģͷǾһܹͨޱ壬бȻһЩ˫ıʶҪƣؽ˹п˸ɵ
лó޵һһѪ֮ǵʱ˷
ǿܹӳͷ۷Ͼͷܣʤ㽫սܵĵ
ͷһˣǴԵģ˵ǷԽռ͸ʱܹӳǿ
뷨˵
л㽫ͷųЩڶ̺ԨħĲл꣬ǲȽ
սʿɣⷽԶǾͨĶࡣ˵
ţҳ򿴡սԺ˵
л㽫ͳͳó
սԺվУϸĲ
ãսԺЦҪȥѪˣ


2154  
һսʵĻ˶֪Ȼа취
Ѫǵħڶ壬һԣ磬ҲǽͷһˡлڵħһЩ֪ıȽ϶ġ
սԺЦûǸ壬Եħʮ֮һѪ۳ǣ֮ԱΪڶ壬ΪиħʼѹʵħʼӦǣʵѪǵһˣǵļУѪ˶ȻͱͨǿҪҲѣҪѪȪУ֪ѪһʥѪȪܹʥѪȪռһЩǰұаնһЩıˣţҪȥĿռ硣
ռ磿Ǿе鷳ˣѾкܳʱûǱϵˣҲ̫ʲôطл˵õöû͹ȥء
ҲҵõսԺЦǰһǼأţȥѪ壬ȥռȡһЩ
лһɴϲɽȡĺöħĹռĶͳͳóǾǰЩɡֻزóֻؽеֻزֻҪǱǰ£ܹ֮ľ棬һٳͷ硣
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ͬʱ
лЦŵͷǡ
̫ˣսԺܵĵǱȻԻָǸĹһεģͷ۷徳ǰɱľͷɫľŲʷ˶Ҫء
ҲǱԼΪ۵ģǳ̬Ǳսȷǳıָ̬ɳΪ˻ߵǿˡ˵ǲֻ֪زܷͻƣһͻƵĻǾмĿܱ¶ռĴˡ
սԺЦ£ǾͲҪˣѵһǻ纣Ůӣǿ϶а취ӦģûеĻǱʵʱѹƲͻƣԾɿ𵽴õġ
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𣿰Դϴμĸ׺Ưţǽ̸һΣҾ֪ǼӼƶ˼Һõģȥ˷ʱ˼簲أοǶԿռϤ̶ȣ϶Զǣ뵽İ취ȻЧпҵ󲻱ֵİ취ءսԺ˵
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սԺû뿪ˣҪȥѰҪһЩĶڼΧͷ˹пҲҪǰ׼˵ڷæʱʺҪս١
Ѫָǰȥ˺;Ųʷ˴սĵطȥչأİ󣬶ΪҲעΧ˰˹п˵ʱ򷢻ʲôõģڻһλġ
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Ѫ۳ǿɲͨĵط˵زѪȻܴھͷٰͷԲλģаͷ۷ĸ֪ľ֮࣬ʶҲΨооͷܵлԲþ¡
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иִϣֻ˫ȴӲ͡
лѪ۳ʱѾҹˣܾĵģֻѪ۳ѾҸַлȥ鿴
治޼ɵĲ鿴Դ֮֮Ѿ޾ڻᱻͷ֣ʶлû£ڷڵλò鿴һ顣
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˵ģҾͷȻûΪʲô
ԾͷʵѪ۳ǵҲǰСʱʱ䣬ﻹĹŵĻء
ƫƫ˼Ҿûȥ
Ű˴ͷ۷ĸ֣İͷͨ켶֣лջǿûþͷ֣ܳӶеĶʲôҪ鷳ϾѪͷֳ֮Ĺϵ̫΢һЩ
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˳һΣѪеܹ赲֣˵󷨴߶ԽǿֿԽֲȴδплȻѪ۳ڣһУһŻѪϢһҪŻµĳ嶯֮ҲһȤ¡
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ҹѪ۳ҲһӶӵĸѲߣǶڿзţȴûֽŸУӷӡ
лһֱѪ۳ĵѪ۹
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ۿʮ׷ΧڵһжĺУһжҲĸط֮С
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ĵشѪ֮Ũس̶Ѿ֮⣬ճޱȣﾹȻܹзлۣ޷ȥбǴ˵صķȻѲߵǶͨ켶λĳ֡
лֹȻǺĵشȻĸ־סҲǰͷϵģǻҪѲ𣿶һȻѪϢʩչ赲ҵ۹۲⣬Եɣ


2155  壿
ľлע⣬ȻҪĹһ£ΧĵطǾĵģһжԵúܺ
ܵ谭л൱Ĳˬ졣
ҲѪĿ֮
ֵܹþͷ޷۹۲죬һʵı֣ҪԴˡ
лû£ǰ
ѪأŨس̶ȶлľܹһиŵˣһ˲Ϣľ֪ǻˣ¸ոսӽͻľңӶ¶Լһ˷Ҫսˡ
˿µĵطȻҪĸѲߣ˸еޱȵˣлǰ
ƾŵľҲ赣ġ
룬лֳĲΧһЩѲ֮⣬淴Ƚϰģûʲô飬ЩѪϢأȴζʧ͸һɵ鶯֮УлһҪ˻ĳ嶯ˣѪϢȻŨǻԶûýսӦԽ׵
нԼٶ׵ʱǰʮѪϢ֮Ул۹۲ĸ֡
ǵϢǳĻ񣬶ƳУԷǵĴڣҲлܹǿжϳʮӰҡţˣĲֵܷǵĴڡ
лǱǰ
ʮˣһҲʶǴɢϢȴлɫһӱѿ
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ҲδأرģǴ˴αּߣҰг֣ôأǵƢԣԲưոݵģ϶һᱨģҪô׼һδģжҪôѾѰҪˡ
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лˮ·Ҫʲôˮ
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ˮץһѡ
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Ѫ壬ܹʸѪȪˮģŮ˰㣬ԼһѪȪˮؿ޵ģʮˣͷɫϵǿ߶޷㣬Ůȴܹʸ
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ǿĽսӿһӱȫһ䵤ﴦǻţֻҪ춯𣬱һˡ
Ůӵʱκ춯
ɫ䣬ջѪɫĵӵǰȡһЩѪȪˮҲɴߣ֮УΨһˣ˼絶񱩾л
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ѪȪˮÿһζѪ۳ǧϵıһ±ץȡô࣬лѪȪˮľ֪кʸŮӶڱƣҲûбֳ֣̿ûʲôŵ֮ģڱ¶ûа
лǵҲǣ㲻λˣʸѪȪˮģԱŰɣʡִݻ


2156  Ļ
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л۶˫ʱʱһĨѪɫߵ۾Ƿһ˿Ц⣬ô˵һ𣿡
ΪβšĽ籵
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ˣлЦеĿĽ籣ϵЦԽԽá
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˵ڸĽ籣֪һ㣬֪һ㣬Ƕ٣ǾĽ޷ˣӶ˵ѡ
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ˣŮ˵ʵлЦ
ĽһԼƽѪҴЭ飬ԸѪ˽Ϊͷ磬ѪԸͶңΪڵħĴ
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˵⣬ɲǾ⡣
Ľ籱л׷ʵüһЩͷʹԾлһͷ۵Ķ֡
ŬԼƽĽ籵Ҳڷٵ˼취˵Ѫ˽ͷ磬ȻҪģˣΪҵͷģƣܹһͷѵҲԣĻʹ壬׼ң壬Ǹɴ㡣
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лߣľİ취
лһ˿ͷǷҪþͷܻ׽Ƿڴ˵صľͷأȡ䣬ܹ˽ҵֶΡ
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ȻˣλôľͷѪԸ𣬷ħ硣Ľ籵
лۣ֪Ҿмͷ
Ľ籵ο֪ҿȷǣ߸ϣʵҲñȷֻϧûİ취Ժܶ౾ڼǰԳɾ;ͷģڻòڰͷ۷Ĳأ÷Ҵռˣǵľͷ࣬ʵҲǿķңûһԿ⣬ʾ峤ͼϱһЩѪŵ̬ģ˳ɾ;ͷ֤ĿǰѾ֤һ㣬ѪʽңֻʣϸҪ̸ף֮⣬һԸ㣬ѪԶǰ򵥣ȻѪ壬Ҫ߳ȥǳ˵Σ
лЦҳЩûõģҪвõĻһڶ⣬ʥѪȪʲôط


2157  
ʥѪȪл˴εĿꡣ
ܹӵĶԷ˽⣬Ǵӷİò顣
л֪Ľ籼ȻѪ峤һ˳λ̳ˣô;Բǰ򵥣ٵɷˣôɵشе֪һЩܵģʼձŸ߶ȵľ裬Ľ˵ĻҲĽ
ʥѪȪģĽ籵
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Ľ籵Ȱ㻹ǲҪ׷˼ˣҲõģʥѪȪѪĸһֱм峤ƿţмеİͷػ˸ҵҲõġ
òõõҪ˭ˡ
ӵоͷܣлȻʮ㡣
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֪Ľ类شĺܸɴ࣬һҪʣֻܸ㣬ȥ峤б峤Ѫͺκܣ¾ûǸ¡
лһüȻ͸¶а취
ʥѪȪô򵥵õġ
⣬Ϊ뿪Ҫ̫򵥣Ҳ֪һè壬Ǳǰ򵥡лߵһر壬Բʹ˰ݵģƫƫȴʼûг֣Ѱζ
Ľ籵嵱ȻҪˣֻϧǵĶμ׷ɱǸʦͷжħһԴ˵ˣѾչ޸ˣڶľͷҪΪ令Ҫʹ廹ˣǲǰңǾ
лĽ籣ĿһĨ⣬ڶ֪ĵȷǺܶ࣬ǶԲ̫࣬ڷұֲ֮ǰʹǿģǷҸǿʢ廹ûĵزֻܷأҳ֡
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ңҿԽѪ͸㣡Ľ籼æڵ
ѪѪˣ͸ΪʥѪȪʥѪˣΪѪĹء
Ѫ˵ܶˣ𣿡лʵ
֪һޱԱ⣬ѪѪڷһĽ籵
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񱩵汬һӽл𶯵ĳ־ҵҡΣǲܿƵĵɳȥ
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ĽȫʹޱȣǽսıǱȳܶ࣬Ծȫܵ൱ĴǺĿǱߵͷڲϵһҲѸٵĻָš
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ʱսҲѾˣѾٵĿ£һԺڣл۱һʱ佫һͷ


2158  ѪӰ
ͷһǧ֮ң˲Ϣο̤Ժ䣬طҲİ׵ľ룬һ֣͵ⷿ档
ͻأֲûлľȣ¶һĨЦ⣬εǿô˰ͷȡһЩĽ˵ݣܹ֤Ľ˵鵽ǲġ
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λ˾ǶѪĴ飬ѪкԼλĶ飬ѪȻġͷҲѪ峤˵Ŵӿռָóһᣬ֪һӰ٣Ѿ߾Ӱ޼ĵزͻƣ߲εľͷ磬֮Ѫͷ淽ѪӰΣӰ٣ܹջġ
Ҿͷԣɵ۷侫⣬ǾᣬΪͷľԾһЩ峤Ҿˡ
츳ǱҲǺѴﵽͷɫزģѪӰںӰ٣Ȼͻƣȫµһʱ򣬱ϣҵһؽͻƾͷɫ꽫ǻ롣
Ѫ峤׸ҾͷתʵķҾͷҲΪ׼һ


2159  Ұ
Ҿͷԣһ˿Ц⣬ҲǾͷǾ͵λԣҪѷɫҾͷҲǸͷΪ׵ģҪûѪҪ㱦Ҳ㿪ڵģѪ峤ڣȻ⣬ѪʱƾãóֵĶԲͨɫʶҲǳڴ
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ĻüѪ˶һƲ죬Ҫģװĵͦ
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ѪӰѾˡ
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лͳͳһ飬յЩں϶ɵĶȣһĲ࣬ĻѪӰζ͵Žɫ󷨵Сӡ


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лİɫгһĺɫĹ㣬ʾѾﵽ۷ɫˣʼͨ켶λˡ


2161  ֮ʥ
ʥѪȪлкɫԽԽ࣬Ҳֻ̤ȥĽѾӼͨ켶λɫľ֮ϡ
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ǲɡлЦΨһźǣΨдﵽͨ켶֮󣬲ȥȡ˵ļ䣬ȻĻҿǰѪڵıϴһˡ
Ц޷Ѫ˵ڶ֪ͷЩ϶κεжʼձ״ȵһЩ鷳֮ȥӶѪҲ١
лҡͷ巽ӦûֵģҪȡѪԴЩ֡
ţȻˣǾͽǰɣҺ˴ǰȥսʻغϣ˵ļİ취ȻһɱѪ壬ӶһԴռ硣ʵ
Ѫ۳ڣѪͷҵİͷ۷弶ʮ֮࣬ͷȻࡣ
˾ȻҪǡ
лҲɵð̾˵ȷսǷµսǸո̤ͷĸ֣ǰֻбɱˣֵĻȷҪɵô࣬οһЩͷѾħ磬˴ϣȫϯѪ۳ǵģҲΪΧͷ˹пǰɡ
ʺδǽ峤ĿռָһѪлԵǿߣлѪ۳ռЩʥѪȪ뿪ˣǰȥսԺ죬ϡ
лĵ¿ռڣǰڷŵĶѪѪӰζᣬڤͽɫӡСӡ
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2162  ֮ɻ
ȫǷǳƷлģǸɫӡСӣΣգͷԣӱգаͷ۷ʵԣܺܲϾǷҾͷµĶ
ļƷлһʱ䵹Щǻȶһ֡
Ѫɻ
ѪӰζͷڤھɹ꣬ǿǵ˲ͬꡣ
Сأȷȫ
˼ȥлǾȶɹ궯֣ǹȻ£лȴ̫ĵġ
лʩչսռ䡣
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лѪӰζУصѪӰлҪеһ֣ѾӰٺ̤ѪӰηϣϷУȷʱںϳԼĶ
лžᣬģҲ֪ʲôɵģһЩźܴ
ΪȫлѾȫ׼
񵶷һ࣬ϴżȭףͷҲһվʱ׼ֹİȫ
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ӲӵĽսһƹֱûС
лҲڴڼ䣬ѾڼصֺͼͳͳļˣǾᱻٵҲ赣޷ѪӰġ
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սʱּɹ귢һ˻
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ͿһɫͻأĴӾڷͷƽϣѪɫ۾ӷת̽͵Ķצлɱ
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ء
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ΣлҲǰ̾һɹȷֲñԸͷģָͷֹܳ
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УѾﵽˣЩʱʱϹʱĸֺųǿóҲδܹǿ񵶵ģȻܹЩϡ
ϸĶĹһЩ˵лҲԼܹжϳһЩĵطתģУ߼ģǲǿںϣӶʹǿأ
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һΪֶͨɱΪ飬֮٣ļأǧʱ䣬ʱҲҲƵıҪ˵ȱΪں޻飬ӶõһǿˡлĵƬɱ֮ǰеģǵȻԺûų⣬ڵĻȫпӡ
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˿ͻƾͷ磬һĻᣬôΪûأǷҲһ񼶵أ
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񵶣ͷһ֣ѱԺĨˣȫӡĺ֮УҲһӿ졣
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ڷԵ˵õڤ飬͵˴ﵽڤʱ
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ŷڤ飬ŵлĽսֱӺС
أ
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ɫɹ渡ֳǰǸȣ΢һЩûôֲҲǴӷڤһӱſڱлɹ
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֮񵶵ķâȻһء
л񵶵ı仯ɹ񵶵ǿһ࣬Ҫ֪񵶾Ѿһǿ࣬ñ֪¶ҪΪ֮ģԽˣԽ˾ãͨ켶֮ϣпܴһ񼶵̽񼶾Ӧġ
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ѪɻѰͷЩƬǲǱѪҲ̲һµɹأΨɹѰҲлҲΨɹܹꡣлѪ뵽һЩܣˣѪڵɹƱҪԶʤ֮ǰɹ꣬ΪɣôƱʵ


2163  Ѫ
ѪİлƶϳģǷˣԼûаİգҪϸоһ
л뷨һʵģѪޱȿ£ǷΪͨ켶ħͬʥħǹһ飬Ҳǿܴڵɹ꣬׼ͨ켶Ѫͨ켶ҪȻʧɫսеҪͨ켶ġ
ԭͨ켶̫Ѵ죬Ȼ޷ƳкܶٽݾʥħǹʹͷԶͨľȵȣΣһĶ׼ͨ켶˿ѷɫͨ켶ȻҲ㣬վͨ켶ķͣݻٵѶȾͲǰ
лḧѪĵ
λǰȻѪң⡣л˼ʱʺ˽Ѫʱ˵˵˵лؼһİء
ؼɱ
ѪİҲ꣬ѰƬġ
лץѪ
ˣ
Ѫ̴һалƣƺлסһлҪо͸ˡ
ս
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ͬʱлҲڹ۲Ѫ
ڵڵĵϵһѪɫĹΣǵı渡ֳһͷ­
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ۣѪļ𶼲ѷɫΨһȱǵ㣬ɳΪͨ켶ħ
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ӵļ֮ļޣÿһ˵ɹѪɫ֡
ǳٶ֮죬սռڹлզ࣬ʮ۹ۿ޷ֱһʵ̫ˣ쵽ɹʵ죬ûаᷢӳͱɱļ
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ˢˢˢ
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ֱٶǰǿĽɫиֳﻷƵӰɹŷΪĲҽУһӳС
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ҲȻѾͷܵһĨ貵ĵ⣬֮пֲķ֮⣬һЩְ֮ͳͳıϣ³̶ȴﵽһǰδеľ˵ز
лɣǾͷڵȫһܹκһͨ켶նϵģһն׼ͨ켶Ҳжôϡ档
ͨ͸·ӳճһڵ硣
⵶ڣԿ滹һĨƳ̵ĵ⣬ΧƵĹӰ
Ȼںϣ̶ﵽһȫµľ˸߶ȵ飬ʱȫϣɾʹ˵е񼶣


2164  
񵶵â²һĵƺҪͱչǿͣǰ˽ĳɡ
һĳɵӣʲô
ĳǾ൱ͨͨ켶ˣ൱ƾյһͨ켶񵶵лİҲǷǳ˵ģлԵ˵ʱ񵶴м
񵶵лһֻ̤ͨ켶λܹҪöٽսͨ켶λĸְ˵ġ
񵶵ı仯лмѣֹҲǾ߱Ѫеɻսʱ񵶿ԷܵǳĸţӶ޷ǿӳģҵɱأ񵶵ɻǷеأ
лһһɨ
ɱ
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ѾʧȥѪѾû֮ǰѹлʣռָѪܹҵһѪԵħΪĻԾܹӳǷϾѪ֮أúܶԵʱľң޷սġ
лǸɫӡС˳
СڷӡʲôҲǸδ֪
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ˣл뵽ŲʷˣȻͨһ飬Ųʷ˵һʧĻӦǵͷɫŶԣûе䣬ʵɫгһЩɫ㣬ѵһӻȥ֮ԡҲԡսԺֱһ֮󣬾Ųʷ˲ûиҺսʶֵġ
һӣл˾Ųʷʵԭ
ŲʷǽһΣʹԡʵġ
лͨһ㣬ֹͷЩǰʹڵľͷֶͨ죬ô׶ԸģŲʷֶΣͷ˹пҲ٣յİֶο¸࣬˴ΧҪС
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ħڷֵ裬Ҳһ¶ѣȻѾӳλ볤λɫĵز֮лò˼飬ƺһɣٿ̣ͬ²Ҳӳλ볤λɫĵز
ŮĽٶлţһʲôˣȻԲ˷
лǼģظ۵գʲôˣ
Һ㿴ˡ̿лĻУ§ס޲ĻС
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֮⣬ս죬ţֶƣ棬˹˾Ͱٵȵȶ˾˵ɱ䣬Ѿǳλɫ꣬ǳλɫ꣬սֶǳλɫ꣬ӦѾͨ쾳磬оǫյʥǵĸҲѾ֮ھۼǱߵڣǫסˣνȣţǸŵķأѾɱˡ


2165  а
Ϊʥ֮һǫȻܻ׽ˡ
л൱Ĳˬ
ɱפأڵʵκεĸ֣дĳ۷ɫĸ֣Ҳȥ磬ɱ⡣
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ȭȥɫͷŵδ׷׵ıСҲ֨Ȼѡ
Сӱ飬һεķâ֮㱬
ιкƵƬһӳȥɵľͽսռˣ»ع֮׼פصıԺڡ
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ڽŵȴ̼״һȻһսײι֮еĹжöɵɫһаУĸ
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΢һ㷢ĺХճһѷ죬Ǳаµġ
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лалëĴڣǹһ˿Ц⣬ΪҵƱɱˡ
ǿʵͲһͨ켶˵ǵõȫˡ
΢һ£лҴ㰵ǰȥפһУܷȳǫǱٵʲôģǾˡ
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лĿ侫⣬ħ壿
̵ͷδȷһħֵĻħвþܴܵӰ죬ǱҪ̣ܳ嶯
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лоһ˿ѹ
ħκˣЩνľͷ˵ǷǳµģΨħ˷пƿħġ
ֻħ֮ǰûе˵ֵ֧ħһ˷ȴͻȻǰл뵽½ʦͷĹ壬Ȼ֪ԼǽİԲſǰԼģֿԷǳ


2166  ذϢ
һֱлҪٵвڵħΪɢΪͷܵƣδعɣʹõħʼδлʲôشв
״Եħ⣬ǵһΡ
лҲʮа˾ƻħҪ˼ҶԴķҲĹҪԼûʸ֮һս˵ƽĻ֮ûĿ⣬ʵħ緽ѾȫжжǴ˳ɾ;ͷ翪ʼģܸ硣
ԼоħҪǿƳˡ
緽أԲ֪Ծ֮жаħѸٵ𣬽Żˡ
ħ巽ʲôʱܴ׼ȷϢл
̵˵鱨㶨ǰ׵ģҹôҲҪʱɣڴڼ䣬ҲٰǷĻᣬ׼ұش˵أӪǫжŲɱĿܡ
ֻܵˡл
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˱㾡Լž޲״̬Уʼ
лİɫкɫ㲻ͻҲˣ㿪սռ䣬УóҶѪȪˮ
ʥѪȪȥʹá
ѪȪˮȻҪѷɫһЩɱϾҲ̥ʥѪȪģͬźܴİټҶлٶҲǷǳľˡ
һȴһС
ΨȫĿޣԼʵܹܵȫӪǫлȫϵ
죬ɫڵĺڵҲ˼ʮ
лͨ켶һˣлĻһٱɿͨ켶ģǽľͨ쳹֮ˡ
˵峿л͸΢ϵѡ
սռ䡣
ͿɫصվڱԺڡ
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ħ巽Ĳˣ̳
ţ֮Слף˵ħֵܲĻѾкܴˣȻħ巽治ὫϢ̸еѵӦԭǡ
̼巽һͷн֮ԽǫԲ󷨣ͷ뿪ġ
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ͷԵ̵󷨣Ȼ򵥵ġ
ħ巽δ̽󷨵ãɿ϶߱ԣΪ巽棬֣͵ħĸֶϹȥԵ󷨶ͬвͿܶԲڵǫźܴΣˣҪƿԲҲˡ˵
ֻҪڻ֮ǾлᡣлЦ
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ħ崫鱨ʾħ干аפڣ֮£ħܶ࣬ʱһЩ˵ƿ̵ܽ
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ֻˡ̵ѾˣǷݣ׼ͨٱıŵ˵òʹפأפأפغ͵ħפط͹ħ巽Ҳϵģ˶ҲһЩפصĸܵӰ죬ܷԼפصġ
лãǶʲôʱж
̵Ϊ׼פصʱ򣬱жʱţ˻֮ħִһЩϢ֮⣬ħҲذϢ
ذϢлһ̱ز󱦱𣿡
ֶŵģϢ˵ǳҪģܻӰԺƶʥǷչء̰סлơ
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лȻôң
̳֣ҺͶԹҲûܹӰ쵽ôԶΪҲǳµ
Ȼչ󳬼ƴĵزˡ
Ȼˣ㻹֪ɣʵʮ˱Ĩɱ˻ʰҲŻֵģҺͶĶԹ֮ͷ棬ҲΪħ˫ͷıɱҲ˻˲ֵģ˵ܹͷҳ׾ѣ˻ʲǹؼеĹؼ˵󳬼ʹǶԹֺ꣬ͷҾѣ˻ʿƵ׼û֮ǢѾˡ
лһ󳬼ʣµ壬ǽ漰ɱǵ˹пˣôŻƴľˡ
̵ˣ˹пһ彫޷κεͣãֻҪǴңָտɴ
һң޷ʥǵķչˡлϲ
ûô򵥣ﻹеڶذϢɫصĵҺͱħ֮󣬱ѡһЩ͸ħΪԭҲЩջˣǴ鱨ʾħһ̺ܴ壬磬˼磬򣬵ħ磬żӣħħǴħˡ
лԵħпǣֻǾǵΪħѣ̻е˼ƺħжΪô򵥣һٳΪʤߵ˼
˵ϸ㡣л
֮ǰħһԶɱħİͷɾ;ͷ֮Ҳʹõħ緽жȫݲȫͳƣѾһǧħĸֱֳأѸٵռħʹҲǰħʹѾ֪ħʹڸûʲôħأһĿĵԶɱħĵطĿǰ֪ħʹһıܿǵħʤĹؼڡ˵
л۱â˵ħǩԼҪȥħʹٵʲô󷨣ĿǲҲŽȥҲΪı
̵ʮа˾ţ


2167  ˶
ħľٶԽԽ˳ɾ;ͷħħʹıһж籩١
żһ˷褿ܵж
Ĵҡ
Ľˣȫֱֶ͸¶һϢҼ繥˵ħ磬һһ죬²Զʤߡ
ıҲãıҲգҿ˭ʤ߰ɡлңԶɱķһָо櫵ռҪʼˣһʼͽ꼰ڣŮˣܿܽԼռ֮һ
ʱѵչصĶѾء
лҲˡ
뿪׼פصʱҲ̴ˣȥ˻ϣٰǷ壬׼Ҹ
ӿĮ̇档
лפڵֵϵʱ򣬸̱㷢ˣ׷׵ת׼õļƻж
ֵԭģлĳ֣Ҳ׷׵ˣֵһдִͳһļУͳһ泤ǹפڳٵл
һƬɱ֮У֦Ҷɡ
һˡ
פڣڴ˵صȨҶΰɫһϮװվǷǫľ޴Բǰһ񽣲ڵϣ˫ֵ
ҷֱʹĸ˹ħħĿ棬ħİ٣巽Ļ˾⣬ͳͳڴ˵أ⻹һЩ֪ĸ֣ɢڸأǵΪҲĪ⣬ƣ˿ѷɫЩ֪ǿߣǿ
λлˣҪǵˡҶΰޱ˵ֻҪ񵶣߱Լ䡣
ЦȻˣҲȥ˷ʱ䶣ˣǴһõģֻһ£ЦЦĿҶΰ˵Ҷƺ˼İɡ
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Ҷΰɫޱ仯游ʱˣҵѪȫ˼磬
ҲûʲôǵʱҪΪͬΪ˼֮ˣ顣
ҶΰĿâߵ˵ҶǼͶ塣
ʼ磬ҿû˵Լ˵ġ
ߣҶΰһɨһ۱ľ޴Բ򣬡ˣαǫлǰԼԼ鷳𡣡˫΢лɱλ׼ɡ
һ䣬ڳ̷֮ɢ
Խ֮ǰ׼õĵطȴлĵ
ΨҶΰ˫ֵĿʣƺңԶĻУŵԲƯڿУȥǽģţתţ͸һظУǫ
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פֵ֮ϣлǳɱ泤ǹ֣Щ˵ʵȫǳǿߣƺк嶷
лǰδǡ
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ħĹڣȭѾﵽͨ켶ı֮һлӳҲǳĴ
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Ҳεǳɱ֣վΣһץ
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һʱƾոֳʮֵͷϷ
ʱ䶷ħĹؾġ
治ǳʱ̶ȣͼǳӵԣʱ侲ֹʢ
ʮֵס
Ǳ˴˼ȥͨͳͳıԼǿҪֽʱ侲ֹݻ١
лȻһЦһӡ
𣡡

Ȼʮսƾۡ
ʮսգһӱɱȥʮָˣʮ˴ͷβûлᷢԼ㳹׵군ˡ
лͶ䣬ݻһսСӡ
˽ʱפڵĸǿķˡ
˼飬лʵɡʹ帥˹ɫصĿл
֮ǰлٻ֮ڴսҲǳλɫ꣬ǳ۷徳ɫ꣬һֻ̤ͨ켶λʵֹŷǳĳɳ㳤߰˱֮ࡣ
ɵսСӣлҲܵԼʵľ
ǰǿͷܺͿ޵սûзӳԼ˷ҪչԼǿһˡ
лЩڵϵʬ壬Խȥ
ôפǰ
פؾһӴׯ԰лһЦ̧ţȻһ档
䣡
ؾҵĲ
ʮĽսһƬɫİԲǰɢȥĵطеĽͳͳĵ
פصнգۼͳ׵ıΪƽء
һƬǽķϷһ޴ԲƯţǰҶΰȻվطһЩ˵֣ͨЩǿߣǲӰƾлۿ̽ҲֻԼԼһЩģӰҶΰΧƺͨĳֶΣɱеʽǱ
ֻǲ֪лȻõۣ֮˼
żĸ־֮Ҳ۹۲ˣȻȰҲԶĹ۲졣
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Щ˶Ϊ
ȫԽ˻ᣬһЩ֮ˣиɵ
վԲǰҶΰȻл
֪ʡл˫ֱأԱɡ
ңҶΰҶΰĵ
лһüûϰɣֻ˼ϡ
Ҷΰ游Ҷʣ
ҶʣͽҶʣлɫʱһɱɱϱŷ
ͽԶɺ޵ġ
Ҷΰƽĵνͽֻ棬㲻ҲûȤֻͣҪ׼ˡ
棿ѹҶʵᱳѣۣ֪ҶǸʲôˡлŭЦ
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Ҷΰ˫Ŀ΢գٶһҵĻ߱շԾɲǼ㵽˽ǰ
лЦһһţû¡
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ҶΰϺȵȻŷһųҵĻ棬Ѹٵû£˷ƾոĻ棬ͳͳĻĻֱ¡
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µлȻҲܵ˺ܴӰ죬ϴ߶ػ⣬ͼػ⽫֮⣬仹δȫ͸µʱѾõʵǿĸصء
л۹۲⣬ǲ鿴ЩصأҪ鿴ǵʵΡ
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δ뵽ʹлһ֡
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ʮ֮࣬˹棬˾⣬ڣһЩлʶĸ֡
һѸٵתΣлΧ롣


2168  Ը㣬һֻ֣
лڵʵͨ켶λϵǿ߲ϣƾٶ赲ĸٶֵһᣬɵЩ˰ΧǰͻΧȥûô
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ҶΰŭɫȻƽһ֣㽫еĸѹԺľѵĳַʽƾŸо
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Ƿ׷׵ĺˣҲûţ׷״棬ֹлʩչ뿪˵ء
л˴γ֣ҪǿƳչԼǿһ棬Ҳδֹ棬ֻȻɱҶΰ
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λһʵ㷭תϣϰȭԵ֮ʹ֮ŭҲﵽ۷塣
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лԼƶĴ˴жܷ·ߣ벽ҪǿƵл֮

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ڿôһ˲ϢͣͣԵȥ
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Ҷΰ֮סΣռƣȴ·磬Ҳʾ˵Ĳ࣬ҶΰлĶ֡
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Ҷΰ۳ףлͬһͷѪħ޶һ㣬ȴΧһУֻǻӶ񽣣֮𣬺һͷ͵ħ׺ݵĳײҪл˺顣
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лһЦֻζһ񵶣ѵֻ˵һֻ֣һֻ֣ɲ֡
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Ҷΰҧгݣȴ޿κΣǿˣԼǶ֡
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Ļ䣬פʹפغͶפȻ죬л۹۲¿ŵѾʼˣǵĳ֣˵ЩŸԡ
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лȫĽսӿ֣ʳָ֮ϷӲӵĹâͬģȻȻһڵϡ
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Χлһ޴ԲȦʮңݵľԲȦѪ˿棬˹˾⣬ٺ֣ͳͳɥҲһˡ
ǿҲͨ켶λɫ꣬һֻ̤ͨ켶λл˵ûκεĿʮĽս㹻ɨͨ켶λ֣οпκԽɱ˵϶ֻϡ
лЦеĵ˵ˣһֻ֣ЩҲһֶֻѡ


2169  Բ
˹ͳͳˣǰ˵ҶΰֳѾûܹ赲лǰĲˡ
ǰȥ
ĿֱָصԲ
лľٶҶΰ˹ûһҳģǻվţŶڵϣһɴ۾лоǳޣȴûһеģлǰ
֨֨֨
лһǰŲȵʯΨһ˼ҪϢˡ
ǰҶΰҲؿڵ˿ڣлǰϵһȥҵסлǰĵ·
Ѿˡ
лҲĴڣֱԲ
ಡ
Щİٱûߡ
һ˵ĸҲʹ˺ˣ㿪ƬΣ
ոƶ˲䣬лҲǶˣ񵶷ɨȥ
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ĵѣ˵ǣɵӲֱӾͱлɵһնɱ
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лɣʵҲǰԲҲܴѹ
֪ԲʲôǿƿĻǷǫʲôΣա
һǰл㻺Ķ˵ˣҲھ˼취ͬʱɢѰҿܵΣգϾ˵а˴ħ˵أЩ˿Էͨ켶λġ
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˶ȥɣ֮һеıﶼҶҵģҶΰĴЦ
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УҶΰ͸еǰâһ
񵶲ǰԼһ׵ĵϣͬʱһ˫ųڣҶΰͷͿл˫ֱأȻע
㡭Ҷΰɴ۾ŵָлôû
лһҶΰǰء
أ
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2170  Բڰ
Բлû뵽ġ
ûʱȥ۲Բͱˣһͷǣǫ˽ƣ俪Բ
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ǳ͸ĺ֮ڣһֻ̽һ±㽫ĪץסˣȻȻһ˺顣
һзܹᣬն뱾֮ϵ䳹ʧȥ
ǷǹƽĺС
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лĸо۵Գٶɢţԭʮ׵ľ룬ڲδʲôı仯ԭͷųĸǺܹĹⲨٶȸһⲨ
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˵ԭлܹһȭͷСʯͷôھָܹ׸ǴССʯˡ
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ȴл֮⣬νİͷûоͷȥעģΪʵ̫Ӵˡ
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ҶĿ䣬ƴ۴Ͳ֪ʲô䣬лҲûȥ䣬ħҰͷܷͨ켶λҲ뽫ҴܡֶŲлһץ
ǵл̱ץ飬һĨɫĻ档
ɫ濴ȥһεˮ
ҶƷٵʮ£ͿɫĻѸٵ۳һӰ
֮飬ɱҶ˫ǰһͣǻɫѸٵ׶ߣлײȥ
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Ľͷ޷棡


2171  ֮
֮飬ΨһʹãҲ˶ģ˱Ľͷ޷棬һʱĿеżһ־˰ͷĿ꣬Ϊ
޷棬Ľͷʱ츳һ㣬ȴδ׷۷ǧѣմͷȻļޣǱʱ˶϶ǱѾѴ޷治ľʹ˷䣬ԾɼԼɹ츳ˣҲΪʮʱ䣬߱ʱǧٶʮһ磬ѰͻΪҵһ߻ᣬĪ֮أӲǴƼޣͷ硣
֮飬ں֮𣬸ǧٶʮһıԴ֮ںϵطγǰ޹ˣߵ֮顣
ν֮һϹؼͬҲ壬ܹͻҼޡ
޷һƲл֮ҶҲаٷְٵȷܹɱлٵǫԣְǫͷǫвлҾͷ
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ͬȰٶȳ֡
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ٶչֳ޵ķӣҶƾͲ׶ѣȫ淢ٶȣѾ޷ʱ嵽ҶƽǰٶˣѾ쵽κ۶Կĵز·˲ư㣬ƾճҶǰ
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վڸ߿գ鿴ܵΡ
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ϼԨǵħһɱ֯סĵطл
ǣǸɱ֯ѾֶҲȻɱ֯ռصĵطǴҲһ֮̽ãҵǸɱ֯ռöء˵
лһҲգ֮󣬱Ҫһս˵Ҳ˾̺֮⣬ȫǫϼԨܺΪǶ飬мǣʥǵϣҲƱҪԵģǴ˴λ֮żھǸзգȻܶ˵뷨ǴУΣذ
ЦûΣգĥԼܿʵ
ǣл´μ棬һͨ켶ģսʮĵ
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¾лԳ֣ͨȻ뿪֮ս죬ţֶƵȵȣ̤ǰϼԨг̣Ҳһĵ·ϡ
лҲͬǰиҪ
ǾǵȺ˹п˵ĵ
ˣл̷׼פصıԺڡ
ʱҲԱ巽֮鱬ըӰΪɣʧܣ׼ٸ߶Ⱦ裬ҲعԺˡ
ղɣֻӢˡ
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Ȼʲô᣿
лſĶߣȻڴˡ


2172  Ҷһ
Ϊ¶һ߱Ůֹģ˭֪лĻֻһ˿Ʈ΢һ£㵭ĵ֪˵Ļ϶ϰˡ

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лһѿڶң
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ҵͷǷߣͷɫ꣬ǿģѵ˵Ҵһͷɫǿߣ
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лĵͷ˹п˾Ȼһͨ켶װĻҲ˵˹пǿԼʵôǰƶΧ˰˹п˵ļƻͿܲôħҲڲϵС


2173  ᣡ
Χ˰˹п˵ļƻлоҪ¼ƻʵʵ仯̫ˣһһ仯Լһδܳɹհ˹п˳ħٵļڵ֪˹п˾Ȼͨ켶װսǾͷɫһָģսһ¾ͷɫء
ľƱ仯˭Ҳû뵽ġ
ҪϢĴսʣʥ֪ƶƻ⣬֮֡лжϴǶԾͷɫ޵ǿ˵Ǿġ
̵ˣҶħҲĲãҶҵҶʿҰĲСǰǸʱĽ޷Ĳл꣬ΪҶܹоͷǱǾҶóģյһЩл껹治٣ϾʱȻնɱоͷҲ̫ľͷĲл꣬˵ҶʵõһʱĲл꣬ѾʼҪںϣһٳɾ;ͷпֱͷɫľء
һҶң벻Ȼ֮лɭɭĵ
ҶҺð죬ֻҪͱȥǱǷңͺɿҶҪǣͱϢ֮ǰҶҸϴһգ˾ȴӵħҶְɡЦеĵҶƾҶڵħȨ֮һҲǰͷǿɵؽһٴݻ٣Ӷһգǵ¾ǰȥɣҲ˵Ҫڴ˵ΪΧ˰˹п׼
ͷлҲԣҶΰҲһЩҶĵصɡ
ЦУһҶʴ֮صƶϣǺǣֻҪõõǿԽβãµĶܹõ֮һһ£˵ˣҶΰҲö
һ֣ӿռָó
һǱͨıش;ᣬһȭͷСˮһɫС硣
֮𣿡л
ҡͷһˮƯɫСҲݣ֮Դ
лüëһԴ֮бԴ
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ҶΰƺҶݲͰɿ츳ƺҲƽƽͨ켶λѡл
Ҷΰ츳ȷʵһ㣬ɫһǾ췽棬ҶԣҶΰδͷ˹пˣ֮֮ҲʵȫģоǣҪں֮Դ֮Դںϣһ仯֮ڵħǡɵ֡Ǹش͵ľᣬҶʵõβãĹ췽һЩֶΡ
лֱŹ⡣
βãĶ

ʲôܹһЩԾͷл˵
ЦУҶΰѾĶУβã˿ðͷʹɱͷɱΨаͷɷӵ¡
ɱ
лȻлʦһֱڿռҪľɱɡ
ǣлʦ֮ԷרĴɱ󣬾ڵħһؾڵõ˲ȱɱ취ģдʦԸ죬ܹǿɱ󡣡Ц
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ˣҶΰҪɾβãĵλѱȵ죬ɸлʦзǳĿԡ
̵ҶΰҲһЩûã۽ܺ͵˻кܴɡ
ռָѾΪߡ
лһӣһ»Ҷΰ̽Ҷΰճ˻ҽŽսռ䣬̻ع׼פرԺڡ
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򵥵̸Ǳ軯ΪǷȥ׼˽Ǣ׼뿪֮л뿪֮͵һصĵطͨطħϢҵʵ˵λãȻ̸ȥõĶ͹ȥйͷ˹пʵƶϣħټ飬Ҫϸĸ֪
л
Ҳһ
˹п֮ǰлں֮Դ
֮һƫƧСɽȣлѾ˽һСʱмڷŵľʢ֮Դˮ
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νʥ𣬾Ȼϵһʥʱʥ𣬾֮û֪
ָˮ棬л̧ͷ衣
ĿԣһЦĬȻ
һʮʻھĴ£лüļлָ⣬Ȼ󻺻͸ˮڡ
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ʮʹ⻪Ļˮһ㣬ؽ֮Դں
ǼȫݵʱָһɫҹֱûС
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֮ԴĲĶ껹ͬ
ûãܵĹУл͸оѸٵ￿£Ϣǳ֮أǿͷѹ˲ҪϹ֡
ָһ㣬潻бƮµķ費ͣЪ
л״ա
ʱǰﲻæģֻԹۣ߿գлʮڳˣֱӶͱѸٵ
л𣬡֮


2174  澫
֮һαлᵽڵһν֮ʱ򣬵׿췲״չԼǲͬڶսһǳ⣬Ϣһƽ׶Σ֮ǳ֮ǿġ
˷ףƾ۵Ĵ֮Ѿ޷л۹۲⣬Ͼ֮ۺ֮룬ʹﵽһǳ˵ĵزʮ˺֡
лǣ򣬾е֮Ȼͬ
ĸ֣֮л׿췲һģһǳƽ״̬
۱ĸ֣֮ͬƽ״̬ģ֮ʤһѹǹ֮֮Ծɴڣʹ֮ﵽһֹƽ⡣
ƽ
ȻǿӦ֮޳Ŷԡ
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лȤĿǵĵۿԽ˵ĳ඼ȫֳǺë޷ӹĹ۲졣
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˵شԼһ׵ʱлһӣսռ䣬賶С
һ£֮жʱʧ
Ƿٸ֮ĸҲ΢΢һͣ٣ٶǰ۴˵شԼǧ׵ʱˡ
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л˴˶һ£漴˴˷ɱԷȫһݵļơ
УҲţֵģл֪һЩ
֮ʢĺȻֻؽ
лսռڵһ˳ڻںϣսĸַȥ
һ񣬾Ҫȥħ֮ĻħѰһΪյˣħҳһߵħ籾Դ֮ĸ֡
ȡһ棬͸裬˷ɾʥ
ںʮ֮ԴҹҪʱģʵлҲżж
ſɱĸ֣ǽеĻ͸¶ϢҲ㴫ݸ
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˷ɽɱ
лһ£ûѡ֣͸¶Ϣԭ֮⣬ͬһš
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˫ƴɱме֪Ĳࡣ
ʵƽƽ֪ĶҲδض࣬û˹пʽ֮ǰǲҪʲôϸõʱ˫ע⣬ǰϹ԰˹п˵жͿܳ⡣
ڵı仯Ѿˣٳκ⡣
лսһǾ֡
Ⱥ󲻹һ£԰˹п˵ļƻô仯лЩģٳκε⡣
һһ⣬ǾͿǰĴʵ̫ɵ
սռҲȫܹҵ
л뿪˵أħפء
֮ڵħǲĸĴħΪ׵ĸ֣ȨǻħĿ棬ѱɱȨıħĿ޶֪ħѾͶ˼飬лҲнǢ
лפǰֱħׯ԰ڡ
뿨޶ķȺ
ͨۿԿħһ޴ȻҪ顣
л˫Ŀ΢գصȴ
ԼСʱ֮ʧ
ʮ˴߳ҴҷظԵפأ޶߳վſڣպһޱķס
лԼķ䣬޶һ£ʩչ磬Źǰ
лֵԺЩˣҲϰߡ
лٴΪħĿգ޶лͷ˵᷵ػħפأħڣʧڶ࣬лǰȥӦòʲô鷳ġ
и֣лҲϡ
㷽ż̸ʲôл
櫴ϢҪ֮ȫ֮ٶȣħʹ޶
лһĨ⡣
Ϣ
ǰ͵õ˹ħȫ߳ԶɱĴǰħʹľٶ벻֮ȥҪ֪֮Щħĸֽӽٷ֮ٵĶͨ켶µĸ֣ǵ˵Եúܱġ
֪Ŀģлʵ
޶ҡͷ֪´ŶˣħѾչأͳܵħ磬ħŮħ˫£κ˲ΥΪѵħ磬ħڴϢħ磬ħɽ棬еħۼأ˫£Υ
Ŀĵضħʹл
ħʹ޶
лվ˫ֵվڴڣ͸ʸơ
İ濴棬濴棬
ħȫħʹϡ
ħչء
Ҫ˵ûʲôϵĻлǾŵġ
棬㻹ʲôĶ𣿡л
ûУһж̫ͻأˡ޶ҡͷ
лԺиܶĹڵħħ櫵Ϣ
ħڼħʹʵûʲôأۼħʹƱػֹȥģʥǷҲжħʱչأǩԼĿ޷ǾҲǰȥһжԵôĹء
ʲôĿأ
лȴҲһ˿ֱħõħ类繥ݣĿӦ
ھǴħƶǸıĹؼڣܿòãıͽʵ֡
ȥ֮ħ峤Ĵ̽Ҫ֪ħĿĵʲôл
޶Ӧ
ħĴıˡ
ǰһı˷ֱ˼ͻƳɾ;ͷֶΣʷᣬƻˣıƱؽȫɹһħƵı˵һһΪı׼ġ
лʱѹ¶Դħı֪̽ʲôϢ
Ҫڻ֮ϿΧ˰˹пˣ֮ڵĸ׷׵뿪Ҳʹħڴ˵ûʲôˣʶħҲɳȥȫħʹ̽ѰлΪ׼ں֮ԴҲûϵ
Ĵͷɱ޶
лȻתʲôĴͷɱ
޶ǰϷ飬ֱ˼磬ΣҲ֪飬ֻ֪˼ƹնɱ˷ҺʹһͷԶͨնɱһһ½ͷ˻ʳ֣壬նɱҶʣ뿪ǰǡ궷Ͷһ½ͷֻ棬նɱ½ͷ
Ŀſ޶лЩԼĶ䣬˵ģ
Ѿˣ壬ʹͷΪ¼չжмٵġ޶ˣϢûõ֤ʵǷҰͷѪ۳ǣҪշѪ壬ͷʧ٣˵ǿѾɱǴħǲԶɱܹŲʷ˴սľͷնɱģȺѾͷǷҷѪ۳ǣħ绹δɳԮսʣʣǿƳһٽѪ۳ǺͰΧѪ۳ǵķҸնɱӶʧ١
Ȼģ
ںνͷ飬ȻлɵģѪϴҲ֮С
л𺳵ĻĴͷɱ顣


2175  
ĴͷɱƹԶͨɱľͷ⣬ƾͷǽɫģɱѺɫľͷֻǾ֮͡
ŵ˻ʻ˶棬նɱһͷ
޷ǿǾͷɫ꣬öս츳սܣ˵ųƾͷɫ깲ʮ֮࣬ʵǲ£ǰУǿӦԶͨαǶ޷
ǿı޷Ȼ˻ʻܡ
˵ͨĻܣһаʽʤҲǽң´δսʤϣǣܳնɱһͷ𺳵ġ
Ļ˻ɣ޷һͷֶ˻һ֮ģնɱһˣ˻ʵҪʤ޷һ㣬ǿʢࡣ
޷Ѿͷɫģô˻أ
˻ʽ˼ϹؾŸոͻƾͷãֲأͬ˸еܲ⡣
ˡл
ͷȺ𣬶ʹһˣͷȫȻǸľͷҲΪʥ֮ǿıǵ˵ԽܵģǷңͷ𣬾ǷۺҲҪ˽ǵģһϵеļƻǳοܰҶʱɱƸ÷ҷɡ
ȻлҲţҶʱɱʥǷؽϢҶǷ˰ŵģ˾ͻҲͷҽ񣬼϶׼ңУҽ񣬾ǿҲԿ⡣
ң͡
֮⣬ֻؽżġ
ƺΨ͵ħ緽ȽϰһЩǵħʼնǰԼǰƺõļƻһǰڶ֪ıȴܹƶϳĿģƻ
ʱһħִҴææ
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ħֿ޶ֱʩչȻ˱̸˽ʮӣ⳷ħҲɫҴҵ뿪ˡ
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Щࡣ޶һ£˵ִˣҪеħפ֮֮ǰʮ֮ڸϵħʹħʹĹռشԼңڲǰ´ħʹȴȺڵʮﷶΧйһ˲䱻ݻ٣γţһĪ󷨣ʢ󷨾µ䣬Ѿĸǰȥ
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лԺȻִħԼǩԼ
ʱ˵ľҪ󷨡
ѵ󷨲ɡ
Ѿеĵħ־ۼħʹΪλҪôһν䣬ĸȫȥأ
ǵıʲô
֪Խ࣬Խ˸еԻ⡣
ǰҲã뿪ʲôˡл
޶Ȼ֪νʲôҲȥʵģ˵´ħʹŴϢСʱǰ棬ʹǳ֣նɱ½ͷֱƹ죬Զͨ;Ųʷ˵¡
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ھͷлѲ²⵽
ʱ䣬ûκεս£걻Щͷ۷弶ĴڣǲܽȻͻƳɾ;ͷǲǻˡ
ֻǸԼеľͷĿΪʥ֮׼ģͷ˹пӵͨ켶װô꣬Ȼʼûб¶ħɽʱɥãΪʲôأΪʤ
ûеħ緽ľͷϢлʵ
޶ʱûУ½ͷԶɱһħػûеǰȥɱˣоħɽͷδҲûǶֵģҸоòãͷʱ򣬿ܾΧɥʱ򡣡
лζŸոյõһϵеϢܽ֡
磬ͳͳشħʱıͣħڼҲƽżֻؽĿս
ּ󶼱Ѿ۷ˡ
ԽˣԽܱһ㣬Ǿʥ֮ļһеΪʥ֮ĵĳ׼
лҲʶԼ뾡ͻƣΨо̤ͷ磬ܹ֮ڣԼãȻĻֻǿվеʸûУ˻Ҫ˼ȫ֧֣ǶǼٵģʱֻܿԼ
ͷ磡
лھͨ켶λҲֻһ֮ͷ಻ԶʵԾŷǳӴĲء
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ҪɱħգȻǿޣΧ˰˹п˵ĵ
뿪ħ壬лͽԲĻħڵׯ԰ڡ
δ飬ݿ޶ṩ鱨뿪֮Ҫ´չлڻħׯ԰ȴյĹ
һʱת˲š
ʱյӰл۷Χڡ
Ը۷ɫǿ߻ţһ˷ܵسׯ԰ڣֱħڵʱȨ¶ס
գôë꣬峤Ҫġ
֪֪ҲܹҰһʱ򣬵õһǳҪ鱨ܹҵıԴħء
ţʲô鱨
Ųʷһ½ͷһ꣬Ĵһиϣ֮½ͷ˵ǽʧܣȥģԡãδһ̤ͷģĻǷΪһ࣬ܵõĻɶ϶ܹұԴħɡ
ȷգҪ֪ܿǻħ壬ħĶԿ峤֮ӣҲҪŪС
ģԲġ
ãȥϢҺúÿһ¡
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лһЦʱѪϴ壬˻Һ̬ʮء
ܹɱ½ͷĻһİܹĪɡ
л۲鿴ܣȷû˹ע˵أϢĳǿյı
ֻǳλɫѣлԳ֣ûвԴħɵĻأͱлһ´ȥ뿪


2176  
ܿգնɱȡԴħлŻعСɽȣ佻սռ裬ԴѾ߱ƳɾʥһʣµľͿ˵ǻۺͻԵˡ
л岻֣ٶ뿪
Ҳע⵽ֻؽżĸѾ뿪͸жµϢԶ϶ܾˣսȥġ
ˣлڿûǸȥǡ
һĿǷ塣
˷ڻ֮ĸ֣ҪˣһսҪϿˡ
лͷͷϴָ磬̤սѥ񵶣żȭףȫװפ⡣
ûĳ
ȻһλͷһĴĸôͿ϶ķֵҲȻشĿģǹһֶ֮Ծ
ѡϮĲһЩˣ֮档
ͷӳá
˵ֶοƴɱµġ
лȫչʮ׵ķΧׯ԰еķ˺ֶ۵ס
һ۾Ϳĵط
һǴȻڻ̸ЩʲôһһԺӦ߸Щʲôص顣
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л鿴µΣûʲôá
ܹͨҺ̬նɱˣʮԾûдȥ˲֪
һ𾳽ķˡ
֮ˣΪͷ˾ۼһԺڣ̽飬ϢĽնɱ˶ʱҲԷ֡
ϢԺ档
лһӡ
һʱͷ˵Ľڳ
ڵľ緢ʱ侲ֹͨ켶ϵĸ֣ĸ֣˵ѸƽˣǸǼ켸ҹʱ䣬ƿġ
ˣл֮䳶£Ȼսռ䡣
籩꣬ȡ澫ʮʷ֮ͳͳʩչַɵľͽͷ˵ľŨһҺ̬л澫ʶУԼľʮںϡ
𾳽ķˣṩĳɳԺԲơ
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лչ˰ɱж
ʮ֮
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ׯ԰Ȼ˲٣ʧ˶ԾɻעģʶлĿ꿪ʼЩλ۷ķˡ
ٶͨѰĿꡣ
һǳ۷ɫһͷˡ
лٶʩչϢͷڵıԺڣ˷ʵҾеĻҲ൱ĲףǼ֮ļ
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ðһ˲䣬㶶ֽ˹սռ䡣
ҲǸոշӦ
ʲôˣ
˷˴ŭϱ˻档
лУսռǼ֮磬֮׺ͼ֮ͬʱȥ
һϡﻩĴ䵱ش
ĩлһȭİ
籩ʮʷ֮ͳͳ꣬ѹ˻澫
һϵеɣսռ䡣
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ǰԼСʱʱ䣬˷ִķʧ٣ׯ԰ڶˡ
ʱлոɵһʮ˵նɱ
һٶУгʮ߽𼶷ˣ˶ķľҲлҺ̬ﵽһĸ߶ȣ߽ӽͨ켶λɫĵز
ʮȻҲһ˵ӻ
Ǻܿ۷ɫϵķһûȫĻкܾϲɡ
ţǸǸ
лз֣ĴѾ˴߳аͷˣ˸֣൱ңһȥʮ߳վм䡣
ӳĺܴ㣬ȥͲһˡ
Ϣɱҷһʮˣʮʮһ֮ˣܹ֮Ψʵ磬ܹӵεķӣǾֻһˡ˫Ŀ˸ǵĹâһ飬Ȼл
Ļлüëһ
ϳѡ
Ǵ˵䱾Ǿͷ磬ӦһǳľͷȷԼͱлǳӣ൱оǡ
ȻͷˣǾ͸ҪСĽˡ
лԹۣݲ֡
ҪŻˣʱ˿̣иͳͳлҲ͸ȷÿһͷˣȻжηܾܶնɱˣԼҺ̬ʮ
һǧʮʮս·ˣʮ𾳽ˣʮһˣ˸ͨ쾳λˣһͷһꡣ
ЩͳͳնɱĻôҵľҲܹﵽͨ켶λˡ
ͨ켶µģһԾ籩նɱ
ΨһǵǸȾŸҪѰ֣һɹ
леȴŻ
ҪϾô˺ͷȥ޷ҳֵĻֻŵġ
ڸ˵ͷǳˡ
пҪҪģ̫顣
ȻлԳֿ֣ҲΣգ˸һСŶӣȥ࣬÷
ʮͨ켶λͬʱӦǡ
˴߷ɣŶȥ
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ȻѾħ˼ĵֿչֳԲͨ켶λģԣܹͨ켶λɫĵزˣҾһ֣겨ƺҲԶҪǿĶĶࡣ


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2183  ɱ
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лôĴռսսħűĿĵģһħģ˼϶ʲôǲ֪İ°ͣЦеĵս񽣣սܣսħ綼ģУħսʱ򷢻ãҲʲô
ҲȷˣͷԲǸлʦԾϺعˣʦԲ˵ԾϺعһЩ߲㣬ͬҳԶͨߵ飬Ҳǡ죬һʧܸС
жһʧܡ
ͷʱĻͽһ·ȥӶʧȥʶͷݵĿܡ
ҪģʧһΣͻоˣţ´һܹͷݸƵġл˵
Ŀ¶ᶨâͷ˴жʥǿռ磬˭ҪҪޱҵռˡ
һ̫˰ɣлʱ¶ŭݡ
ǰţ֪ռܣͱ϶Ļ֪ġһֱƵĸо൱Ĳʹ졣
л磬Һڴֱӽˡ
ɫĵһ
ͷĽռ磬չֳѾҪȫռڵʥǸֶ֮ˡ
Σ
߰ɣȥתתлԶȥ
ڽؼʱڵɱҲȥŵģȻ뿪
˽̸Уӹһء
һʥء
νʥΪọ̃յӰвһ׵ıԴ½õʥ𾫻һ߾Ų𾫻Ѿ̵Ϊϵͻͽڼ䣬ǻ治ϵͣﵽĸ߶ȣв֪Ѿڿռչس֮á
лĸо׵ǿԶʤʥ񵺰ٱϣ˵ؼÿʮͻһʥڣʥΧм֮𣬶ͬĸֿͬεĻʥ𸽽ĶǰͷЩͷ󲿷Ժңʮ䣬˼ᶨ֮ˣ࣬ҳ֮ˣ츳Ҳ֣Ȼͨ켶ͳģٵһЩģҪ𸽽ˡ
ԴȻ棬˸࣬վΪΪ츳ǱǿΪġ
лֱʥĻɽ
ɽǿռ͵Ĺؼ֮һҲΪռ֮ͨӵ֮һ˵
֪ͨԶͨݣл
ͷ̹֮󣬾ȥ̸ͨˣˣԶͨǱֻؽͷ֮һģѾͨƷ֣Ҫͨ壬ع鱾Ŀģ֪֮ͨ󣬱һγıչڣ׶Ͼϵ
л̾һ
ͨҲǲѶΪ֮ȾǱӣϾԶ֧ͨģҲǲпʵһֱ˼ԾӵģΪ˸һУԶͨȴǱģܴ
ҲãԵıչأҲٲһУ֧ſռ硣
лڻɽڡ
̽һǰԶʥµİ˴еһָˣǰ彵ٻɽ֮ڣԴЧʮ̽ҲǴﵽ൱˰ɡ˵
ȥлȥ
ػⱣţɽڵĻѶʲôӰ졣
Խ£лоˡ
̵ӰõһױԴΪлԵʣӰһĪ׽С
ңл̡
ǱУȻҲͨ켶λĸҲֻһϵλû
Ļ棬Ѿ޽ӽʥʱʥ𾳽ġ
һϵϰԵɫȹǷֱ̿ˮĹ˵쾡£һͷںڵ㷢ɢţǻӳ£˵ģˣϥڻ֮УڲϵؽһЩĻ棬Ϣ֮ǿҲлզ಻ѡ
۷ɫ꣡л͸͸ľ磬ɵĳԾѿڶ
Ҳһ£ôǿ
ģ֮£Ǿͷɫ궼侳ģ̽ⰡлԺвĸַֿµĵĺ̲˼ǱŮ
Ϊע飬ЩģѾºܴһ֣ܱ賬Խˡ
û뵽Ȼϡ
лоõͨ켶λ磬ǰɫ굱гһЩɫС㡣
Զʥµİ˴ɾ;ͷİ壬ͨ尡л޸пĵ
Ȼǣֲһ壬Ǵսʾ磬µʱڣֱӳ˳磬ŽģȻȥ磬ָȥġ˵˫Ŀ𾫹⣬һ˵Ԥ⣬ǾǷ棬Լȷ
лȻʲôԤ⡣
Ԥ˵磬аٷ֮ʮļʼԶʥʵĲлꡣ
ԶʥʲлꣿлԾ
ԣԶʥȻѾΪѾǾͷɫֻ꣬ҪɢԿɽһ㣬γɲл꣬ҪſɣԤ⣬Զʥ̫ĻӦûڰٶ֮ĳһ꣬۳һл꣬һЩܽ⿪߸ıʥ֮ĵһЩŻ᳹׵ɢؼ䡣˵
⵹еˡл
ǱϾǰ̫ˣ֮ǰ߾ҲʮսʣԶھͷ֪ʵ̫̫ˣҰʱ䣬װ˶ҲҪһЩʱ䣬ȥŪ
ֻҪɵϣÿƱضԼ
ǽе¶˵ʲôʥ֮ģܷһܴʺš
Ǳ֤ò˥Ĺؼ
̫꣬ˣŲʷ͸¶νÿľͷɫ;ͷɫǿߣӦҲǲԵİɡл
ȻԣΪÿһ˴ص˵Ųʷֻƶϣ֮ǰõķҾͷȡļ䣬ǵõʲô𰸣
лңûʲô
õĶܶܶ࣬½ͷļУֻͷѣֻˣɸյϢҹǾͷɱľǾͷɫߣ׷ɱʦͷĹʱħһսʮ˾ͷозҾͷˣôǰ˸ˣ½ͷֻ֪˶ѣ˵ʲô
Ϊ˱ܣԼĵءл
ǰҾͷṩһ㣬Ƿ棬ҿܴһΪֲĴڣҲ޷ȷֻ֪ͷʱ򣬱ҪʧܵģͻȻһɳߵ֣ɹġ˵
лҴҶΰļҲ֪ƺôһµؾͷǶƲ⣬޷粻ˣѨ磬ҺܿһµؾͷĴڣҰշҾͷʧܣȴǿɹôҾͷ»ᳬܶܶࡣ
磬Ҳµģ


2185  ˴
֪Խ࣬ԽǸеΣأԽǷַ·ûһռˡ
лҲʶʥҪͻΧ̫ˡ
ħħżķ褣ʼ׽͸ʵεԶͨĪͷðһؾͷǿŷһֲļ𾪵
ʥأ
˻ͻģ߶δﵽͷ硣
Ȼ˻ʲ֪ιܹΪɴܾͷɫ꣬ھͷɫǰȻǲһοƵõŲʷ˵ʮ𣬼ܹΣգҲѶʱдˡ
ƺʥûаϣ
ϣʥ֮ġ
õʥ֮ģɳɾ;ͷ֮ϵ񾳽硣
лΪʲô˻Ҫ˼һ֧ˣǺεѡ񣬳֮⣬ʱ䲻˰
һһɣпռ磬ҵսռ䣬Ǿϣл˵
ʱ˽ռ磬Լսռ䣬㲻ԼУҲδûаݷŻĻᡣ
ǻỹһЩģϾһ󣬶෽ǿƣƱҪġŵĵǵϣͷԼҲˣȫƾԼĸ°ɡ
ˡ
ʱ̵ȻһųҵĻ棬ɢȥ
ƹȰ㣬ǱӰĴɼ֮
л𣬡Ϊǻɣ̽ɾʥ𣬿ܷһɱͨ켶λ硣
һ֮΢΢һЦóʦȣȻһӣͿĻ£ϵѹʹĻﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣ̵
ЩʩչƮȻ뿪
лûлԣҲǽӽ̵Լعľֹˮĵز̵ֻĺ档
ļлһů
֮־Υϵٶȴĵ׷Ǳ˴˼·ܸܵԷһ˿¶
ͨˣΪĳԵʶѿٴ֮ϵ¹γȫµӡ
лۣȫо̵
ĵطֻҪػԼ飬ܹ֪һЩ뷨ģȻ˷棬ûɶãϾ˶Ϸܵģ׽֮ôġ
ƾ۸̵ġ
ŪŪİлеޱȵܰ
лҪӵ뻳У
ȫɾͨ쾳磬ʥ֮л̲ҪΪԼĵľȡ
Ƥ΢̵ĺ΢һܿٶƽ
ǲĺعƽ
˵ĬҪڻʱȥĥȻ̱ȫٵĴ߶ԼսܵĻԪ
սʼٵǿ
лһҲƬؼ䣬ƺⷽһӣݣͬߵһڶʹԪٶƾǿ˽ʮΪȻǸӷš
ڰ̵ͬʱҲԼΪš
лΪͨ켶λɫ꣬һЩɫ㣬ɫ㲻ϵӣӸտʼʮشﵽʮʮȫɢļ
ǰҲǰＺı֡
ͨȫٿޡ
澫
ʱһĹȥתۼ죬̵ΪҲڴﵽ˶壬ʼȫͨ켶λš
Ҳ̼յԶʥµһ־ͷ壬ĺвϵţû
лȻҲܲ׽һЩϾûжа
ֻлվǻԣЩͷûʲôãǳֳһ棬ʹ״ĸоǻгȴ壬Ŵ˾ͷǰһս̡
֪˰һλͷµġ
Ǿսǳ޾İлһ֮£УԺиֳĶ
䶫ˮΨҶ
ֶҲǷǷ䶫ˮȫˮԶл߱ˮԣֻˮԺľܷӳˮԶ߰˳ɵˡ
⶷ĴˮԶں϶ɣΨҶ߱͵ųն۶ɵġ
Ǿں֮Ĵ󶷼
ִ󶷼ںһȻǸ;׵ĶҲлʽɲǷǰʵһ
ΪɲǷǾǽյжںһɲǷÿ˵ɲǷǲһġ
ںϣ
л̳ûںִ󶷼ͬʱḶ̸́ǳͨ쾳磬ͬҲͷ壬ΪԼٳɳͷ¼ʵĻ
˼һĶá
ˣǵٶԾûмΪԵһ˿ļӿ켣
ûãл˫Ŀ֮иӰ
һʹó䶫ˮ
һʹΨҶ
ֶѸٵںš
ܵĻŨһľϵ̵Ӱںţؿ̵ӰʼʥĳΡ
ȻջõӰȻȴɵļ֮Ҫǿ޷ʥģֻ׼ʥ𣬻ʥΣҪʥȱҪﵽҲлİػʥ弶
ˡ
л󶷼ںϣܵĻ棬ҵıҲʹԪңȴӵĳ
һ޵ľܵӰ졣
ͨ쾳ٶȵʱ
ȴûжֺŬѹֵһ˿ֻţѹӰȫٵĸΪҶԾͷĲǿֹͣ
лҲʶ̵ľ
ٵĽ󶷼ٵչһ飬Ȼ㽫ȥעת
ٶʶ̻ҵľƽٶҲع鳣̬
壡лϺȵ
ҲȻȫսлҲȫнս
һ˲䣬˻޵׺ڶؽܵĻ泶壬Ũ̵ĵڡ
ˡ
ƺˮ롣
̵սȻһӱͨ쾳硣
İɫҲһ»Ϊĺɫꡣ
ԴҲʽ̤ͨ쾳硣
лһջ˫֣Ծȹ̾硣
ǸոںϵĶ
Ŷֱͣը̬
ӣӰͽ޼ưɡ
޼ƽ̤ɲǷĵһ
лζ޼ƵİͷҲ𵴲ѣŨĻ棬вһߵʥ𣬾Ȼһ˿ͷ

ѾĲȱϣֻҪҵһЩĶɸıԼʼޣʥʥĵز
лĵһʴﵽɵزɡ
˵ؿṩһϣɹԻǺܴġ
뵽
̿ʼ


2186  
زҪʥʥףʥ֮Ĳа̫ǿģл˵ܲסʥԣǽӽɵʥܴģνʥ壬γɾͣлҲûκεķ򣬱Ͼ϶ȥף֮İɡ
˵صĻ˵ҲǴɼ֮
Ƚһ㣬ʥ𣬵ֻǴʥаһ߶ѡ
ʥʮ֡
ÿһʥǲͬģиԵص㣬ֲܵͬʥֻʥһ߾ѣлоƺʺ
Ĭ˰
ܵһߵʥ𾫻ܵǣ㣬׷׵лϵû壬ȻƤëѪҺѪĤȴĵط׷׵ϵشš
ҲǶлһֺܴİ
սҲǳѸ
ɫɫĹҲٵš
Сʱ㷢˱仯л˼綫Ļа֮ͨڴһһĻ澫洫ݳѸٵл塣
аڰлæ
үոҿͨ켶ɾɾ磡
ڻͨطĻ棬ʥ𣬱ȼ֮ǿһ࣬Ļ澫ڵ⣬үʡ
䣬һͨڴݳѸٵɢڲ١
лȫеޱȵ̩ûʹĸо
Ļţһܡ
ظоԼڼٵתţÿһӶһδı仯ɽ׶Σȵš
лһ˿ܡ
ֻҪɣٶҲõһǿҵһЩʱƷͻƼޣֱӳʥĵزĸ˵ĺô
ʱƣлʲϵظơ
л彥ر渲
ȻаͨͨݹģлмİҲлеܲ˼顣
аֹһ磬ſռ谭Ȼ˿Ӱ졣
Ӧаİ壬Ҳɾ;ͷһְǡ
ڻģҿʥ
лԺ뷨һ
ٶȳ
ȫĵ
һж׵ĸˣһ˼Уȴ֪а͹Ļ澫࣬Ѿڻ
˾Ļ棬һӱ㽫еʥ𾫻˴໥ںϡ
Ҳ֪˶ãаӰųлҲ˲Զ̵̵̣壬Ļ濪ʼȫ

еĻ涼ܵǣ׷׵Ľʹûɽ·һӴĻֱǧףɢʥֲѹֱʣЩǶȵķ׷뿪
ͨ켶λĸҲ޷ܽӽʥͷųѹ
Ƕ֪л̣׼̵Ӱɳı仯Ҳûоš
˷׷׵ıÿ
һʱ䣬ɽΧԼ߰ķΧڣҲû˳֡
Ҳȶȥ
쿴أɽڵĻˡ
ǿҪԵеĻȫͷҲδֿܹ˰ɡ
һģǴɼ֮𱻼ȫлһЩʥľأɲʲôܹģֻǲ֪̹ܷԺսз
Ĵ۲ϡ
ÿһ˶쳣ʾϲһ档
ƯڰУͬעΣͷţԺҵĸ֣˵лĸѪֱϵϵϱʶлȻչ˵ġ
ڹעһ鶯ķǰ
һ鱨
ͳ˼еÿ춼嵽ֻ񣬾Щ鱨ƶϳϢҲŰ˳ɰϵϢ
˷Я鱨
ԭɫصһĨЦ⡣
ʲôôˣһҰͷʵ
Ц˻Ѿ׽Դ֮󣬱ɷȫӦѹƾŲʷˣʹ֮ľͷɫһߡ
⵹ǸϢ֪ŲʷˣƹʹǵΣϾ˻ʺħһѾͷݻˡҰͷ˵
ǺǣҪ²ܻعඡЦеĵ˻ʺħһû뵽ħһȻǼٺնɱ˻ʵĻᣬ˻ʱ㽫ͷһżУнԼİ뿪ģ˵Ҳùǵطƺͷĵص㣬ͷԼܵӰ죬˳ˣȥĵطޣײħһŽնɱġ
Ұͷһ֪ˣ˵Ӧ˻ʷͷһЩˣͨҳ˭ͷ
ˣ
ͷݣƺѾ˽ıԵˡ
ǽ̸УǻɽӿĻҲﵽ۷壬֮ߣ˽Сʱ㿪ʼػ䡣
ɽײлȫϴ
ĺŻǡ
Ҳ͸Ƶģܹڱ渲ţػ֮Ҳ֣ʾϵС
үܵ˼ޣ
лаͣ
֪а鲻ƭġ
ǻ̴̵˳ٵĻعͬаһع鱾
лҲ֪аԽһǷǳ˵ģûпܹʱģʱʼ鿴Լ״
ȾǾ緽档
ɫѾн֮һĵطɫĹ㣬Ҳ˵ͨ켶λɫҲֻһ֮ˣعһʱ䣬ԳɹͻƵġ
ʷ棬Ȼû˵
Ѿɾ˰ɣҪǿĶడ
ţѾʥһЩ˰ɣܵõһЩʱҾͿ̿ʥĵزˡ
ʸı֮Ƿǳˡ
лվһ£ȫž̹νǴʵı仯˵ô֮ǲģٶȻսʱ򣬷̬ȵȣǿȵĺô
䡭
ҲȻ
Ҳ֮
ǿƿͨ켶λ̣Ҳõ൱ǿܵǣӰѾʥˣֻҪʴﵽһĳ̶ȣӰӵʥһ
תл֮ϸһĨ֮ɫһлĻУûĵģǽ׿֮á
лӵԼ߳ǿʼľˣͷҪȥǣһȴһģӰǳģӰȴԶǣ۸ոոӦӰҲ̷ˣѸٵ룬ͷһ̱뵽һˡ
Զͨߣ


2187  ˭
˶֪ģҲû˻̽ģҪ鿴һǷʲôҲڸол֮ߵģռֻˡ
һͷڴˣ棬ͷѾǱּ֣лģҪһԾּˣԿռ磬ʶûбҪ¡
ǾֻʣԶͨˡ
֮˿ͷġ
ߣ
лһΣȰ֮У׷ӰѸٵǰ쭶ȥҪ߸
ͬʱоһ˿ȡ
۵õۣ֮õ֮ѾνȻǿ֮ܶ࣬ĸҲ޷εģ̽ͷҲᱻˣܹǧ֮ڣűһģӰģܲ޷ȷ˻ħޡ
Ѿǳ˳Ծˡ
л۹۲쵽ģӰʱȻܹһʱоѸٵߣǲ˼ĵط
Ǿͷǣ޷֪ۿ̽
ģ
㡣̽еû£лѾûټҧгݵĵļһùץƻһҪ
޺޵ĳ
Ͼɲġ
лһ·ȥԽ֮󣬳ǰǾǻɽĵˣ̷á
һж޷谭ǰС
˲Ϣ֮ңǰҲֵֻٶȸǷǳģӰϸĻ˵ģǸ߰ݶ޷жϳ
˼飬һﵽ˭
ȻҲᶮܹɴڵж
ܹӦҵ۲̽
лͷ𵴲ѣеš
Ҫ֪еģ֮⣬ҲʹãԵʣܵƣֻʱ֮裬ͨ쾳磬һһǧ׵ģѾ׾ˡ
˭
˭ܹӦ۹۲죿
ߵݺֵûɣл뵽˼ǳ׽֮ˣܹʸȡһЩ۵ĵزңҲͨЩۣƺԼоһЩ塣
뽫л뵽е
ôһߣȻ֪˭
лʢŭ֮£ٶȴﵽޡ
һ⣬ȥٶһӷӵޣƵͳͳı
ٶѾ
쵽˼㡣

ǰ󲻹ʱ䣬леѾʥãã֮ˣжҪܵˮһЩˣİҲ޷ӳֻƾʵٶƴˡ
л۾ܵģӰ
þֶΣ۶޷ֳ˵ľģ۾ҪʹˣܲǴ̼Ҫס
ಡ
лֱ߿쭡
ڴгȥʮ֮ǰȻһĺХγбʮֵĽ⣬͵ն
ͬʱޱıδ󺺳л֮УǸһѾ޽ɱ֮˸ùȥ
лһɨɶ϶˶ǳλɫʵ
һȻ١
ǰĽ⡣
أأ
Ľݺݵײϡ
лػⶼûſԼֵ
Ѿ׼ʥλὫȵεĹϣȫ֮һ±㽫ײˡ
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Ȼ޷㿪۵ѰҲѣʶż
䣡䣡
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ػ⡣
ʮʷ֮֮ǿķ
أ
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Ҳ谭׷Ѱڼˡ
л֮ʣһХȻңԶǰ
Ϳһ֮ߵľ޴ľճ֣֦ҶצŴںɨȥ
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ҲΪΪʵڶʱȥʶľҲûʲôҪ񣬾ǸռһЩ鱨ڼ飬ûµʱ򣬾ڴĳط
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ľʹһͿһģӰһźɫϢУһӴӺˮг
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2189  ħʹ
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2190  
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2191  ָԴ
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ǻħ峤Ҳɫ΢䣬ɨһ³˹ȻΪ³˹ǰ֪ġ
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лҪҪħʥǵġ
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һɬû뵽л˵ôɴ࣬ûίıʾһ£ǿ³˹ӣеǡ
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ΪˣνһҪӦҲҪħɣʶķ϶˵ġлЦеĵ
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лڿռڿǵõ˺ܶܣойڻħͷ彻飬ԭǾŲʷҪնɱħľͷȴҽԶɱĴжնɱ˻ħеĸͷ¾ڼǰġ
Ҫ˵ĸͷǶǰͷ۷ģǻħڲ׼ƽìܳͻȫǳͷġ
˵ǻħҪдȥϣǱɱġ
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ֵս


2192  ̫
սл֮УҲҪġ
ȻͬеĻǻЩΣյģοлҲնɱڵĻħ֣ܹɻʵǿҲǺһͨ켶λɫֻ꣬Ҫնɱ֣ҲܹǣٲҸԼʲôȻҲǸһġ
Ͼʥ˼΢
͵ħ綼չʾԼǿƣǵҲѹʥǷ棬ǵħı֣ǳɫ
˼Ҳֻ˻չ
лĴնɱͷ˹пˣҲǽħɽǴԼ
ǺȻؾͻ͹˼ġ
ͶǷͶкܴˡ
лչֳԵôͻһлܹһɳ죬ʥɹ
⣬սлߵ
ãսִЦҲʶһ£ܹնɱͷ˹п˵ĵ񱩾ж
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ǵħ峤ĽγĶԱȡ
³˹ΪлذɣҲ⣬лܹսЩĶԭģ˵ʵֳġ
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л١
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Ц
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лĻ³˹Ե˳
ԴˣлɫȻΪ⡣
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лƯڰС
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Ҳ
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ѾãлܣҲԲ³˹ķΪħ峤ǻûħġ
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֣лһָЦеĵְɣȻûлˡ
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֮磬֮ͬʱ۳֮ɱȥ
֮ԴҲṩԹǷǳǿģͨ켶λĸҲҪԴġ
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лҲ⣬˫ץ
ʮɱֳ
ݵƿϣ𲻶ĵķֵĶλãһԶıҹȥ
һһԷȼŵתŵĻЩɱײ谭˲Ϣ䣬бϸ߿գǶ㿪ˡ
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޼ɱ
лһ̽ڶ಻Ĺˣ֪Ͼв࣬ôɻʤģ㷢Լƣٶȡ
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ĿɿڴУһƬƲѿĿռƬɢܣȻռƬʧ
еķƺ߰׵ľ룬ϵķҷɣëĽҲ洦ɼϸС˿ڣоҲĵϸС˿ڣûˣС
ոȶлɱ
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ںϰȭ󶷼ɵĴ󶷼
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ˣʵʵΪɱһС
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һùսĻħ˶סˡ
˭Ҳû뵽һʼ־ͱˡ
֣ҪˣɵС̫ˣˣı³˹е
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ɱ
֧³˹˶
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һקӣлƲƲ죬Ҳˡ
ֱķȻŻ棬ȻȥСӣȥɣ
һ
ȫͨ켶λɫĸ֣лó򷨣ûлġ
ֻ÷ǳĴ򷨡
ҾͲˣȥɡлĵ
֮ʮʷ֮ͳͳӿʶС
Ϣֱ̼Һ̬ʮʹߵȫûκαģǾͨ켶λɫǱȷǿ᲻һˡ
籩
һ⺮üļֳ
ʮʹ⻪Ĺ߱Ϣķӹȥ
һǲɵˣȻ棬ҲԼſ׵ʲôҲ䣬ɱɱ³˹е˵˵ʧˣϵĿЦҲ׵ˡ
ħ˹ս˶ѻȸ
Ƿֱ籩ӹ㱻ĨɱʶҲԷһµģʮʷ˶ԷеžԵѹã޷ӳͱĨɱʶʮҲϡ
䡭
̾ͱճ˻ҽ
ʮĿչ¶š
лȻһЦû˼ĻɫҲҶѵΪնɱ˹п˾Ǵɺϣ޴֮
ս˺Ȼ
ڴ³˹ɵˡ


2193  ǿһ
սл
Ҳлħ˿Լָӵгݣо£𾪣̬ӦоС
лϰߡ
ȥˣŴϣϣսӦ֧ȥƽϢǵΣˡ
Ȼл롣ǫͣ͸һӵ𾴡
̬ȣܲѣ³˹
лЦŵͷǰȥ
˲ɽ
ǵıӰٿ˷֮ɫ³˹ɫ̱ñбŨҵɱ
ɱ㣡
³˹ͻȻ׺ޱȵͳлһѷħݺݵлĺͱȥ
ͻȻ֣˶벻
ϾлܹΪǽΣĹؼ˭뵽³˹ûء
ĳ˴ֲ޷
ǰлﻹֹ³˹ôأ˾ͷŵı֣꣬嶯ŭ²ӵĵͣΣעҪ춨ĵλܲû͵Ϯأ
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ļһȺܾˡлһ˿Ц⡣
ת
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лԾûжƾܹظоħȷǿͨ켶λֶҪͷۣΪƽػѾ˽˳֮࣬ʣµһɶܹ׼ʥԻˣ޸ƨʥǿǳԽͷʡ
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ħлǰġ
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λƤ棬ȴҲԴֺ
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Ϳȭͷ˽Ӳӵ·һӽƬؼ£ȭͷ棬Ȼһºȥ
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ˣΪʲôл˵һᣬǳװ켺ĴʱȻ³˹ˣû˸аˣǳ֧³˹Ҳ޼¡
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΢΢һЦתɽ
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ʮͷָʱԼҲͳˣȻӶ費ʲôвˣǾԼˡ
𣿡Щȷĵ
Ϸģ˼ʲ˵ɽΣħ峤˵
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Цһлʻû
ʹ䣬ͻȻǳѹȷɽѵء
ƺǸһ
ֻҪλŵùͺáлЦλҲ鿴ħʥˣȷһɱŰ־ӦǴ˻ںϹһл꣬ţ͸оԣƺһĲл꣬Ҫһİ취һ֣ɽĲлĨɱҲ쳣
Ϻһ£漴˱
Ķͷôˣлپؼܹնɱģǲлûκεķ˵ԿлٶԣֻǾ֮Ͱˡ
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ϳһ£㴫ߡ
ɽֻ´ϣл棬ͳͳ˳ȥÿɽڡ
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ϵ֪лٿ϶ħʹ֪ұ㽫յһЩл١


2194  ħʹ
ħʹزл֪ģħľıǽ綼ˣֻܰؽżȻлҲǱħƵģһıŪпԼʧܵġ
лڴĿϡ

δ̾
ϵ¶һĨɣһĪı׳Улٿ֪ħΪħĴħ֮ףеħԴģħһħ廹ħָΪħʺѡأħڵĴħʲУǻ۲Уɷϵһħѡȡ䣬һħҵδħҲǡǡˣһħΪħıҪ塣
ΪˣħʹıҪħ壬ôŶоƺӦбϵŶԡл
ħʹıĿģֻдħ֪ħŮ櫶Ҳһ֪ѣҲ˵ֻ֪ܽĸл٣Ȼлٿɻȡ鱨ȻƶϳǵĿġ˵Ϊĵѹһꡣ
лͷһꣿ˵ħʥڵлꣿ
ϵ˵ͷ
Ͽɬζء
ʵҺܻħʹıħµģΪꡣϵ
лһҿȷ㣬ҵõ鱨ȷʾӵħ类繥ݣͷͻƣʣٵڵħʹıʵһĴıı߾ħǵħҿûǸ
ϵлк֤ħΪ
򵥣Ϊħʹڸûʲôħأֻһ󷨣Ӧ󷨣ĿĵľԶɱϾħʹڵǴħܹƳģתԶɱġл
ûħأһ£漴˵ģûħأתԶɱ󷨵ĻǾħΪˡ
лĵƭıҪ𣿶һ㣬һʼħⷽݣΪƭˣһǰֵĴħĴħʹ忹⣬ǶǵһģɵľһͨħʹڲͨʵǼٵģ´ħ֪ģΪ֮Ҫƭˡ
Ϻ˵ɫͬʱһ䡣
ǴΪһֵݳ飬Ĵħʧأǻħ巽棬˶Щ˥ļټϾŲʷɱĴͷʹûħԭħʵΪ֮ƽ״̬
𰸸һشϡ
ϣǼٵġϿЦ֮ǰħֱģҺܴܿħҲǽ˻һħΪյħʹǰ׼ǴεʧǾŲʷĴͷ꼴㱻ѣҲһ˾޴в
޺޵ĵ벻ħ߿һۣȻΪıµķʣ̫ɶˣΪһͳħ硣
ϿЦĴħǻħǺģħħġͷɽ˸ɭĺâлٿ֪˭𣿡
ϵ˼ƺֲܿҲǳһǻԵġлħõĸԶʱʱһЩܣܿһֳԺУħʥɣ
Ϻһͷ
лһѹе𵴣ȻħʥǻǱʶΪħأΪ
ϣϿɬĵ
ħԵħ˵ȷ̫ˣѶҡˡлпĵ
ħʥ꣬˵ϵĴˣǺųʱڵһ˷ǰֻСֱмˣΪħʥʱġ
ħʹǰãΧĵطͳͳѣγһЩҲµġ
ôǰһϵ˵ħΪ˭ء
ħʥǹİл˵
ϵǰħʥѾˣϾʱѾʧһ꣬ʱĻ𣬱Ӧǳɢģħͳ˧ĴħռıħʥģҽӡһħͱħԴΪפأѹħʥ꣬ʱǾͺ֣ħʥĿʲôûĿģΪôྫȥôı˵ĿģΪҪѹһжΪħĿĽ죬Ϊħʹǲɸ˵Ŀġ
л̾һ⻹˵ʲô
Ҫֻܹħµ̫ʢЩħ۷ǿǺᣬǶħ羴˹λȥ¾Щ⣬ܺȻĽɷתƵġ
ħʥ걻ѣǷѾ뿪˵ˣлʵ
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ҡͷûУǵ̽鷢֣ħʥ뿪פأǰȥħʹģƺԶɱѵʱЩ󷨷ų쳣Ķ仯ʹħʥõı仯ʲôҲ֪ħʥƺҲ֪ľȻ˵ǱелҲԵĻܹ׷ϵϡ
ϲϵģȻħܹһ֣һ뵽һ㣬Բġл
ϵ
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˵Ҳ˵ʲô
һһ˼·˵ħʹ㶼ǰ˵ɣһħħ壬ħħȻûΣգҲвͬħħ屻ͨ켶λϵĸ֣ͳͳפԶɱһܵڣڸʲô֪ħ屻ħɽӦħе츳ħɽڵľͷǿģбдӸĵħɢŽʮǧʮطÿһطǳħ⣬֪ĵطЩط˵ŷǷãħʹطǳؼһڣоν󷨣ҲʵģļУħµģħҲħܹɾͣǸ󷨾ӹΰԴǰǰͷдžͷҲǰȥĦ
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һУдıؼһ㡣
Ϻһۣ˼ͬĵˣ
λĸоһл˫ֱأı˵ı˵ıȷˣеħĸǰħܹĸ߰˳ɱתƵ̫ˣÿ춼Էǳ˵ٶţǣ󷨵ֶΣˣûмܹģ²Ļ뿪ģŶħصԽԽ࣬ԵԽԽˡ


2195  
˶ħʹı޷ƶϳϸĶһͬɻııҪɻ̫İɣǱߣôˣܻƶϳһЩİɡ

Ƿĸ֣ȫıʶơ
Ͳôˡ
࣬˺ܶĲɣƫƫ׽͸еİ
л˽̸˺ܳʱ䣬ǵĿе֪ĵħأҲһЩܡ
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ħפڵЩ濪ʼѸٵˡ
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лˣҪｫȫĵطϾħʥɲͨĻ棬ħԴϳʺأ´μ棬˵Ѿﵽһ˼ĵز
ҪǰС
̽ħʹ޴ıѰұ衣
һǰлħڣǿռСڣ谲Уںϼ֮磬ʼȫʱѵҲȥˡ
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ʱ̿ţѼܵһЩ˵ݣƲ۵һЩпܴӵеĶ
Сʱ֮лħء
Ҳȥħأõͷܣ벻һȥͷܷ飬ҲΪӵ𾳽ͨ켶磬ҲЩ˷ˡ
лֱǷɽڵĿռС硣
ȴֿռС羹Ȼѵļͬһռӵ㣬ɽȴһټĿռͨѾȫɳ룬ûʲô˻ȥġ
ҲһЩڻ
лɨӣֿռСлûʲôС
ԶԶر㿴Ƿɽ
νɽڻγɵĳƺ
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΢һлѡ˳ַ壬Һ̬˵
棬ͷģз巽滹Ϊ׵ģǸʶŽһ¶⣬ʵ˴˶Щ䱸ģоͻֳСӪ
ƹ࣬ԶͨҲ࣬Ųʷ˵м䣬˴Ҳ߰׵ӡ
лȻתƷǿλõħʯɽ
Ǵжʮ׵ӡ
ĬٶȣлϼȭףҲó񵶣˳׼


2199  ı仯
ڶл˵ǾģǾŲʷ˶⣬Ψһǵǣ򲻹ŲʷˣҲϣ˸ɵŲʷˣֻϣδĳһգͷ֮󣬸ɵŲʷˣһɳˡ
ǰķǺܶ࣬жٶࡣ
ǿͨ켶λĽɫ꣬ͨ켶аͷˣ߾ǳ𾳽ģûһսʼģߵ˶ķˣֻҪȫյĻȫͻƵġ
Һ̬ʹﵽͨ켶λɫĶ壬˷λɫﵽɫĴȿԽͬǿҺ̬ԾûͻƵļɴ˿ɼʵԽǿͻԽѣл㵽ͨ쾳֮󣬷ԽԽģǴδй顣
ݡ
ĸڳ֣ǽ档
ֹлʹͬҲҪնɱлģлʵǿɱϾվء
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ͨ켶ľнһٶˣֳսĻͨ켶λֶҪɵֵġ
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2200  һսǧ
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ӴҲһֻһңԵλ˸âав˵Ĳλá
лħ˺ħ˸Ⱥеģֵͷ


2201  ƮѪ
־ͨ켶λɫļǵɵıлնɱԶʤǿߣڳΪ֮ȻԾɹžֱݣǸеֱð־дĵױŷһЩľΪˣĵѶ
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λֵܣҲҪţҪһɵлô˿϶ܹɱģҪǴߵĻǲǱɣлóľٶȣܲ˵ģҪֻܸƴɱʹΪ֮˼״һҵĽѹĿ
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2202  ü޵
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ԶɱųһأȷĽ޵ģĵطǺ޽Ƶģɱ¾̫أͷ࣬к䣬ʹԹϢл̫࣬ûƵĻ׾ͻɢħ磬ĺ룬ʶԶɱصһЩطĽ
лԶɱһǣĺƱǽƵĴڣţ⵲ɱڵŨɢ
ƮǱǽ档
۾չ
ʮ׵ķΧڣؿţЩ֮вĲл꣬ԹصĺХ룬ǰϮ֮Ӱľ
֮⣬һЩĥˡ
ǲϵ赲ĺƱǽĵطţűͷųһЩĹΣЩ׵ɢһ֡
ʹлǱǽɢϢʹеϢ
ʹǴĹԣܹЩ
лһ㽵Զĵط˵Ա˼֣ԽԽأڲǷ룬¾ǾͷҲûǸĽɡ
㣬пħĵطҲǴħչ֮ء
ǰƮɡ
лͷ֣սһ˿궯
һʹлʱ˷սûпƵжΨһͣǾ׵Ĵڡ
֮սٶȽף
ȻսҲùһЩħףԶɱ˵Щ𣬼һ棬̺Ĳл꣬Թĥʹﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣȻĻͷλɵ˵ء
лɶ϶ԶɱĳطпӭսĽס
Ʈɣֱǰ
ܵѰһЩҵĵط
Ψ˷ҵǶؽԶɱĺҰͷ
ˣ귽棬ԶɱԶͨôȻԶɱһȵĵطſ
лҲ΢ӿٶǰС
ҲĥԼǾǷſңûƱһ赲룬塣
ٶΪ֪ƻΪ֮ġ
ͷҲû˵
ľﵽмˣľףҪҪǿԵ
Ե
Թл꣬γƾĹ꣬ʶҵΪ꣬ɵģܼǺˣﵹܹˡ
֮ѾɵĥϵԶɱΨһܹнĵطʶʮԵģǿ𣬱˵˵أڲ㣬ǾŲʷ˾ʮҲܽﵱأġ
ԶɱΣأҰյõҵĸأһɳ죬̳ͷʱ䡣
ΣԶԣΣյĻľ
ľֻҪܱ֣ⷽ棬лܹҲٿصˡ
ԶɱԼһɳĻԵˣ


2203  Σصĸ
лǰƮţȫ鿴ʮ׵ķΧڣѰҺºżƫּãʵԶɱ̫Ӵû֪ʲôط
Уķſ
͸ӦŨϢлǵʱèᵽζ
վԶĻ֣ᷢлΧԼ߰ķΧڣеͬһصţһӾ̫̫ͣ񱩣ʹһЩطݵĳһЩգûĵط
лվĵˡ
ûķſģЩԼ塣
ŲϵسŵĲл꣬ԹҲֱľʶĵط
һӴ꣬ɢлԹĨɱԾɲͣҳţڵʶλõģΪʮڣΨľλãûɱǲϵس
ϴĺ
ֹˮĺûһ˿Ĳƶϵسͺһʣվڿ缤УϵسˢһʱоԼʵļǿʵѾ˱仯ġ
лľ
Ѿ̫߼ˣвҲһĥɣһ˿˿ȹ̾ЧʹлľӵļʵױӰġ
ϵزл꣬Թӵϴл΢΢ĸоôһ˿΢ı仯
۲ϵ΢Ĳ
ÿһεĲ΢ı仯ϸȥӦȴֲַ仯ʲôطϾ۰ܶ࣬ҪлȥᣬȥѰҵġ
ĥĻҵۻܹĳɳ
ʮ׷Χ˺֣ɱϾܵģĹ۱޷͸
ţб˵߼Ҳ޷鿴Ҫｫ۵һĸ߶ȣɽۿɣ⻹Ǻϣġ
лʶľԽԽء
Ȼ޷ƣȻϵسţҲϵرУʹл彥طһ˿Ľ⣬˫ĿҲнɫĹâԣһƬĵطȴܱ˲׽ġ
ԲʮҲĸĥԼġ
˾޴ı仯ʱܶ˵ע⣬ǻΪʲôűأ£
ֵܣûɣһûз
ûûſһзԼľ
һҲ̫̬˰ɣͷҲû
ͷҲλ˭ɴ۾ϸ˼絶񱩾лնɱ˹пˣشߴͷĿˡ
ΧԽԽࡣ
лı¶ԼϾԶɱڸֶУǵħѾ⻯Ϊǵפ֮һΣصġ
΢𶯽ս
ӿʱܵ紵㣬һܳȥΧûˣȻ󷢻ٶȡ
˲Ϣס
ʮ֮㵽Զ˵ء
лһСɽۣ֮˵صΧأǰĵطȻʮ౶Ҷһ۳ˡ
飬ȴвͬĵط
û˼룬м򵥵˼άܳɳĲлܹ꣬۳ͷ壬ճɾ;ͷģֻǹ̷ǳʱĹĶǳĹء
Զɱһսµġ
նɱľͷУƺһľͷİͷ䣬ôγɵӦöм򵥵ͷڵĵطȻأĳЩ֮ء
ˡ
лһƨ·Сɽۣ֮̾һ쳣Ϣӿֱ͸ģľ
һϮȫ
л׼ʥȻһ£㱻ָолδġ
壿
лϢ۾⣬û뵽Զɱ곣̾ĵطȻ壬֮𶼲磬Ƕȴž˵ЧԶʤʥˡ
ͺһһƵġ
Զɱ겻֪ܵµ꣬Ļȫҵʴﵽһ˵ĵزҵõʱƷ켫̳֮ɾʥĴɵز
л뵽ɵôϲ
ԵȻ֣ҿһһɳĵط
Լ侲лҲϵؾԼԲܷɣΣջûֳûԵûץסԼһغǾͲֵˡ

̷ſģŨصľʶ꣬ȻϢϵϴԼ塣
ĵط֮УٶҲ˿ġ
Ψһ׵ľǣطʹҶҶôͳ׵Զֻѡһ
𡭡
֮Уһ
ͿСɽƯǶͷͭͭףֳͭòҲ
ŨأǵΧš
𣡡
귢һ𣬱һľ˲ɱӽɱȥ
СС꣬սʾȻл
һ֡
һҵγһ˿ɫϣһͭͳͳĻĩƮɢҲɢγһŴޱȣ޾ɱԹ޵Ծǳл
ǿ᲻֪ٱ
лû赲壬ǵ亮⸲ȫл֮Ϊã壬֮£ľûб仯΢΢Ĳһ£ܵĻҲģ֮ˣлоƺԭˡ
𣡡
һ꿴һĻʱŭ
ĺУһۿɼɢȥֱԶĵطȻ趯ͭһĻˡ
޾ҵķѸ͵лۼسľĲлֳɱ
е˼ȻܹƲлй
ӦǹеһЩɣţ
лȤĿ꣬ô̼ԼǲǸöץȻ뵽һ⡣
ʲôǽӽȻɵĶ
л;רŶȻɵ
ôǷԿأ
ԵĻԶɱȱٵľԽԽأԽ󣬿ˡ
뵽ʱ㽫ųɵעٿزл棬ͬʱζԼḶ́Լİ
Щлǲϡ
л꣬һͳͳľȹľϣǿ۵
վ˼ά򵥣ûж˼룬лûй϶ǹЧַ㲻ϵطлسлⷴʡȴлʱ䣬ɵĥԼľǽСɽͷųϢϵشԼ壬ԺʼֽлʩչֶεḶ́Ȼİϡ


2204  ɱ

һСʱ֮лϳһ״ַ̥һ㣬ǷŵƱˣһ
״̷˻
һĲл꣬ɱȥ

лָػͿЩ̵Ѹٵľۼһγһ޴š
ŹʹϢ̫ǿʢȻЩزлһӱƵģ޷׷׵ɢ

лָתȦָԶһʯ
̱ĺХɱȥ
أ
֮صȻֻлٿصģҪĻҲܹɻɱʮսʼģǿҲûܹġ
ײʯ֮ȴȻһɢˡ
ûнʯɢ
ﲻ𣿡
ľʶûûйʵĹãһЩŨصҲһʯͷɡ
лΪ⡣
Ťͷ꣬ʱ˿̣һٶȷ˻Ͳлһεĳ
̶ۣǲ
лԴͷʼ۲죬֮£ɢƵʣͲлĿҲֳ
һķ
ܿлٶȳ
ǳеı仯Ҳһ㲻ıл۵ס
ˣôˣνл꣬п¹εɱԹ޵ȣЩͻɢĵħԪˣλγл겻ء
лͨ˵㣬̸ıַ
ʩչֶιУһ˿΢Һ̬С
εľ֮УεɱҲ£лͷųɱ
ɱ
лָζԲǧڵл껯ָһ޴ųײǾʯ
䣡
ʯųײ֮£Ȼ顣
ɹˣ
лɵôϲǵǧڵͨ켶λɫľ磬Һ̬ߴͷɵͨ켶λɫ꼶ľжϣһȫʩչַ۵ĿɱӦܹ˲˵ľġ
˼ɣԶɱߣȫԴ
κ˵µľľͷĵġ
лЦһֻ̽һ±Ǹ꣬仯ϢԼ
һСʱ֮СɽϢٵļ
ٶ̡
۵̽ѰҺͬѰڵĵطܶ˵ĸӦȴԶ۵
һʱ䣬лҵʮ˸ꡣ
ÿһ궼Ϊлṩ㹻ᣬȻΪ˿ѰҺн鷳ûöʱֱӺɱģҲϵʹÿɱ𲽵ƣ
ڼҲǿ꣬ƺҪˡ
ŵԶɱϵѰţܿõһЩõϢԶͨĴһڣԶɱϷȥˡ
л̸ı䷽ֱλá
;УҲϷȥв͵ħǿߣƺϷʲôط
΢һЩٶȣлҲǰȥͬʱҲѰꡣ
ӿ֣ҲҪõġ
ŨصϢܹġ
лȺУǰȥͬʱʮ˽̸ݣŪϷ򵽵׷ʲôǷǸλá
ܿһЩ˵ĶԻ㴫С
ҿ㣬Ҫɢñ˼Ҹơ
磬ҪаȻĻһıͿܱһˡ
ҲżǵҪǷɢûᣬɥöܡ
ҪУʵǿԱӦû⣬ʲôﻹΣһͷл̺꣬žͷ尡Ǹλã˵ɱĿʱħǸεĳͷ
֪ɫ仯ģ¶Ҳʮˣ˲֪ʲôɫʵġ
ʶνĳͷ˵ľǾͷɫģǿͷħ֮ľͷɫ꣬гͷĺɫ꣬ͨͷǾͷɫꡣ
ͷĲл꣬лҲΪ˷ˡ
ɳɾ;ͷ˱Ͼ̫ϡˣÿ˵츳ǱͬѶҲһܹõͷĲл꣬þͷ壬Щ츳ֻܴﵽ𾳽ģܹͷ磬Ǿͷ;ͷлȫԸıһ˵Ǳ
ʣ˺öܲ˷
˵ͨˣνǣͷǶĶģοǾͷɫµİ塣
лҲ΢ӿٶȡ
ʱûʱɱ꣬ˣǷֱ꣬Ӻɱ仯ͳͳռ
򲻶ϵǰС
Ҳ֪ǷлҲҪϸ飬ϾĻԶͨĴûᡣ
ͬģԶͨԣϢ͸࣬׾ͽҳġ
лٶ𲽵ļӿ졣
Խһһˡ
ԶԶر㿴һټɭ֣ÿһǳֻҰɫɢŨصĻɫؼ䣬ûаζֻжɱ
лظо˵صأһҪصĶ࣬һĴõطĽսʼ΢궯֮һЩǿҵı仯ִ̼׵궯ȻźܴĲ࣬ϾǽսʮսʹﵽҪˡ
ɭ͸ȥ
ȴɭĳЩŨص겨ۿԿ͸ȴôģģġ
л״ǰС
ּˡ
ɭִԼһǧ֮ǰӰһһϤӰܼ֦Ҷзɳסлȥ·
櫣л𣬽Ľ䱸
櫣һ˵ģʦͷĹµл۸޷Ĵڡ
û뵽ٴȻЩпĵһ֮ڣսҲ˰ɡ
л̬۲ܵ
֪Զɱǵħϳ֮һ˵ͷϡ٣һǰͷпֻ֣ܳҾ棬ڵħħŮݣڴħ߿ûаͷĴڰб
ֻҪУǱġ
ô㻹ڶ鹢ڻлϹЦ⣬ӡ
ȻΧˣл֪ҵħıһǿħµģȻƻˣ˵Ҹôܽޡ
лʼ磬ܲͶͱɡ
櫾ոһĨ⣬һôƳɫһҲ޳ˡ
ǣһξ˵һҪ㣬櫣ǵЭ飬Ҫɫһж޳һ֣ٺ٣ˣҲûɡлǰȥ
Ҫ櫣ȡ䣡


2205  ħŮ
һ겻櫵ٶҲǾ׵ģϾźصĵħ֧֣౦֧֮£һʱ䣬Ҳ𾳽粻ϵͻͽѾﵽ˳۷ɫĵز
ͨ쾳Ҳֻһ֮ңѡ
һˡ
ʵлУĲʲôһָܹ櫻ɱиֶΡ
ܻ׽ƺл˼Цеĵ
л
Ȱ㲻Ҫ˼ĺá˵ʲôǵʱҵĴɫڣϤ̶ȣԼҸ˵֮У˽㣬ʲô뷨ӹҵĹ۲죬ҸȻҲ׼
׼ûҿ϶ơл˵Żǰȥһεѹͷų
޴ѹγɿ磬ŨܷȥһƬɾ峺ĿЩҲ׷׵ҡҷڻζš
ѹȣƮȻˡ
֪ڷħصĿռڣչʵ֮ǿѾԽˡ櫲ĵʲôǣѾ׼սʣۿһɳʮ꣬ѾԽˡ
л粽ǰһʮס
ᣬͬʱҲԼ׽һ˿΢ϢʾΧȷиֱ櫣ʵ൱Ĳ
Щ˲û
Խ㣬ҶԣûʲôֵýģҵĿǽĿе񡭡ħڽ£лĵ
ǿʱĸֳһҵĲ
л˫Ӷ
ҹ
Χƾճٵɱһ˷ȥǰڣ˵ɱ
лѾˡ
ɱֱꡣ
ǾͷҲûһؼģĿǰûб¶ǰ䣬ؼġ
ɱ֮£ǰͷҪԴġ
Ȼɱһ֣һӳּʮӰбаͷͨ켶λɫ꼶ĸ֡
ǸԳֻ߶
лҲȻǰͻٶȷӳҪûٳ櫣ͬʱʩչսռ䣬Ҫ櫳С
ɱո֣ȴǰӰһӰͻأĳ֣Ȼһͷּ䣬γӴ֮У˵ɱ飬Ҳлսռ㽫䳶С
ӦѸٵлء
û£Ҫ͵Ϯ
˫أȴֵ澹Ȼ޷ʩչ
лҵĳ֣Ѿ⽫һɱ֣ĹǰõģܹɱôӴԺĹǰ׷Ŀ飬ɾ;ͷ֮ȥ㹫ƽһսġ˵
лüͷһ壬ңĹʲôͽʲôʸҡ
ҶĴ˿ڳѷձɱ㣡վǰİͷŭȵҲ
ܵĸͨ켶λɫ꣬ͷ
˱ǾŴͬʱ
˵лһԾˣһδʤģοͷУһˡ
лһһ֣չսռ䡣
Щ˵עУʧˡ
Ŵֳ֣ͳͳһգ˶˴˽ȥǷӹȥ˲䣬лٶ̳սռ䣬ֳһΣһֱʡ
´μ棬λСлѸٵ뿪˵ء
û´ˣ
һȻһùϴһֵʱһͷһɱ
лƲƲ죬ƾ㻹ûʸɱҡ
˵ٶҲȫ
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ڵľ磬ȫٶȣǿ쵽ͷҪ㵵ĵزȻǰ쭳ȥô˰ͷһ˿ա
ҲֻлĿЦ
櫵˱˴ЩţԼĲõɱ֣Ȼлֺ˵ˡ
л㷭ɳ졣
ǶÿɱĻҲǿһЧģûôãı¶ܹԺǰȻҪԶɱһʱ䣬Ȼôʱ򷢻ˡ
櫲ڶлϷֵνͷл꣬һĻɣģ櫶ҪĶģΪβж
߸Ǹ壿
лǰУԾǲϵռ
ܿ㷢֣ڼܶ˼սϹ֮һǳɢ٣̶ȷǳľˣл˵ռ壬Ǻаġ
ԼСʱ֮лһصĵط
˵ԾŵɭڣλˣһԼƽ׵Ŀռûľĵط¼սĺۼҲ֪ǶǰĴսлǸоսϢġ
˵صĹ̺ء
ܹģľģҲ޽ӽģȻĻȻľܵǳв
ҲֵطлĿɱǿģֻҪһͿ˵ľвͷȻǰǣ۵ܹ˼赲
ۼ˲
Լ߰ҵӣвİͷȻлҲʥǵǷǳϡ١
۲鿴
Ƭĵ£ȻһлĴڣҷǳӴֻڲл·һŵ󷨡
ȻɱϾӴԿ̫ˡ
лҲжϳá
Ӳл·ܿаͷ߷ģ̶ֲȣͨͷֵܹġ
ҪӶǲл꣬ͱðűĨɱΣա
Ӧ櫷ĵġ
󷨿ܵΣлͲ˷Ĵ㣬ҲǸԼΣ
ɲԸƽ޹ʵܵǣ
лҪ뿪˵أѰҺͬʱҲҪռΪǰ׼
Ҫض𣬾Ϳһͻأֳ
һϮ£໹ӢֻһĮһڵĳ˽һֱӺĵش
䣡
ѿ
мµľͷлҲȻܵҵ𶯣һӱͬѰ㣬ҵķǿܲϳֱѵ𶯵˷׷׵ĺˣʹܵĹֱѵļ
ɭֵĵشÿһ֪жˡ
ǳµԼһѺۣɢҲǳģһЩľ˶ľҵΣ̶֪ȣɶл˵õĶ
Ȼ֡
˫ץЩɢ㱻ռͳͳһöռָڷ
л𶯣Ҳһų
ӵ³رγĹģܶ˴ֲͱɱ
лۿԹ۲쵽µɵı
֮£жʮ飬Ũصл̳֣ͳͳռ
γһȤ飬˳֣лˡ


2206  б
˶עĵĺӣҲʱСһεðͬʱ䱸Լߵˣûע⵽лôһĴڣۣɵ͵ϮĻ
ռһϢ
ǹ֮Я̶Զ֮ǰõ걻֮γɵʮȻǰġ
лصƮɣвϵռ
㹻ʹÿռָڱͲ̫ķΧʼѹԽˣԽǴԽ䣬ҲԽǾˡ
Ȼлϣġ
䣡
кɫħٶȳ
һֱӽˣرѣ¿Űĵ󷨵
лڴ鷽ԲǧڵĹ뷨ˡ
һĽл۹۲£ǲл·дԼٶ档
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֪ˣбġлȻǺˣҪηչ
飬ҲʹǾͷлûɳ
л뿪һ̣һɰѹͷųܵĹ׷׵Ҳ۹ȥ
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Ǻɫħػͷл꣬Ϣ˫Ŀ˸ĿĹâȻһһɾ˵ݳǾͷл̻һڹüļȥ
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ٶΧ۵˼ˡ
һźһɱȥ
ҲҪᡣ
սɱķˡ
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һʱ䣬ܵĹ׷׵ıѡ
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л㿪ʼ˷ռ
˶ۼڿռָڣռָڵѹһǳ˵ĵزÿ򿪵ʱͷųϢлĽսҵȻﲻ׵ĵزҲ벻Զˣ̶ȣܹһ˲лָ˵㹻л巢һʱˡ
˴սᣬĴռ
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лùǣùĹ΢Ҫһ㣬ȥҲûʲô⣬һս棬Ȼʼ޷Ҳǳּϸ΢Ѻ۰ˡ
Щս櫵˸ϵҲû뿪
Ʈùǰ
ûʲôһ޶Ƿǿôһ̬ĸолְ档
ȷûע⵽ߣлŴ߶
Ľսǽɫģһ˿Ĺע׾ͱֵģһңдϢס˺ܶߡ
սĳ
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׼һȫѰź𣬱ٵ뿪
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ԶɱӽвĵطȻ֮
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лϣǰ䣬գۼ䣬ɢ֮ĵط


2207  ͨ켶λ
ǰһ޴ɽȣţȴûһӿУֻҪУ̾ͻһ⼤飬ǿĲл꣬͵궼⣬ͳͳı顣
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лһʱͱʮ㣬˵ǸʹḶ́·ȫһٶ޷ʹãѣѪҺѵȵȣȴһıʵĴûᣬܹϵظԼʡ
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лȫٵƶͬʱЩľĥܵ۵
Ǳٶڻڤһӷлüģֵĸһݡ


2208  ȫ
޵лȫС
û뵽ڤܹйǰδʲôл֮꣬ġ
˭뵽öڤںϣȻһ꣬ҲٿڤɱлͼȻһƲл꣬ǾͷǰҪڣǺ˵õľͷл꣬Ƿоͷ壬ͺֵûˡ
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л޼ɵĿ쭽֮һǼľ˺ܴĲ


2209  
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һ޴Ӱа׶ߣǽĵشվվ̾һŹԴǸλ֣л͸еڵİ֮׳춯


2210  һ
֮׾Ȼ춯
лгԴӾа֮ףͷ֣֮ÿζֻһͣǾдﵽʸ׵羫ˡ
ԭ֮׻ûеõ֮ʥ֮£̫͡
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2211  ɱ
񵶳һĻߣֱӺڤλã渲ŵʮҲȻʢ׵ļʮʷ֮Լڵʮʷ˻Ϊ߱
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󶷼Ǳȳ䶫ˮΨҶΪԵǿģǵںҲô򵥵ġ
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ͿʯĵطһľͷľŨص׵ͷųĵɢ˷֮Χ۹ˡ
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һľͷͷŵ׵Ҳûʲôв㿴ľͷһһЩּԾǷµġ
ľлףרɱ꣬߿Դնɱ֮꣬ϾԻ͡
лľ׵磬Ȼǳ׵ϵ⣬ɲ֮ܰ׽ƵĻף


2212  ѹ
ףԽ׵ϵһ׵磬Ĺ˵Ϊ㣬Ҳ˵˫޿ƥУΪ꣬žɱɵر赲޷꣬޷ֵˣ˵ǿʱôʥ׸ʰ·磻˵ǿܹݻ١
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ľ˫ĿѪ
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л΢΢һЦλлǴΣҶ֣ҲҵĶ֣ｫǵ֮ء

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Ҿͷһ֮ңһɱҲ練ơ
ִŭȳ⡣
лΪ⣬˵һҸǴģɱֻһУ


2213  ֶܼ
ֻһУ
ҪԶɱ⣬лҲﵽͨ켶λɫĵزŸ˵ֺ׳ܷʤҲһδ֪
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ңԶһȶ˵Ӱ˽һȫųѪɫķ˻棬Щҿһ㣬񱩶յ񽣣ңָͷľ䡣

ͻأֵĺȻлֿҵ
л̸֣ıԣҲ񵶣ȫĽսޱĴ߶
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Ŀеȥľ类һѪۣٶܴˣľٶʴҶƬػҲϡ
ˡ
лĿ侫⣬ֱ֮ʶУҪǿˡ


2214  Ȼǡ
Һ̬Ѿͷɫļһ棬лȰͷľҪǿΪľҺ̬ģ˵ҪȰͷɫľҪǿࡣ
Ψһźл޷ȫ
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лȡ
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2215  а
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Цŵ˵ͷ


2216  飡
˭Ҳû뵽νĺҪȣȻԵԶͨǿΪ֮ҪԶͨһ걾Դ
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2217  
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2218  
Զͨνǿľͷ֮һ˵Ųʷ˵һֻǾͷɫɫУʱ֪ĶԽ࣬ԽľԶͨľͷ
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2220  Խˣ
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СΪģγһⲨɢȥ
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ٶлһ˲ĸо·뿪Զɱˡ
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С򲻶ϵشһƵ춯ѷҲ𲽵ϵشٶɢ

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лİԾ̾ѣǻ۱ƴˣ˭ʤǾһδ֪ˡ
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һͳĳƺķΧǷԲһûнԵ仯һ𽥼ǿģǽУ֪Ѿ˵ˣлҲǸĽ
ŵĥ۷Χٶţﵽ˽׵ĵزѾܽӽǿʢʱˡ
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鿴ΧΡ
ûãͿһЩڤڴ˵εţûһꡣ
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лҲû⣬Ӿǧҵĵطӹ
ɸոշɹɨȥڵڤȻһЩ


2223  ֣
˵ССڤ̸лϵģʹǺܸ߼֣˵л޷̽ģ˭֪һһȻƽеһǧ׵ʱ򣬾ȻڤģӰҲֻƬ
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ǵĶԻлȻʡ
ƣôͻȻðջľ˼вɸĿĵġ


2224  ջľ
仰һЩؼ
ջľǰȥģĿľҪȥʲô֪ɿǵ˼ȻǷԼرʢ꣬رǿ󣬿ͨͷǵҪ
ǣǹ֮γɵڤ꣬ڤڤ
߳ĿҪֹԻ͡
ȻлϣģѾҵ磬ðһҿǵΣȻڤҪָԻͣƺѣϾͷǹؼǵǷйأ
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ڴ˵أȻڤעţЩڤҲǰֵģԻǣ֪ӡ
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죡


2225  ƽ⣡
ܹ۵ģлۿȻҲ֪ΪԵʣɾûй۵ġ
˷Ǻɫ۵Ȼֱָۡ
л۶ܵӰ죬΢΢Ĳͬǧ׵ĸֱ˴ʹѹȶԷӰȴʵʵڵĴڡ

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ɫ͸峺ʢʮһ
һʮңЩϯħʱʼٵǺɫľڤ鶼ҵĲħٵγһɫӰ
ǹ紴һٶ꣬ɳһꡣ
ħǹԴĿͷŵĹ⻪ҲͬձˣиһݲϣĿ
лûڴջľ֮ϡ
ãڤۿһĻڱɫ
һͷ۷ڤˡ
ڤ۳ܿħ⣬õĻ֮ǱȻջľûγʶΪƣܹͬʱݻپڤͰĿĵģȥȥջľߣ죡
ͷ۷ڤ̱һɽڡ
ڤĵԸü


2226  ʮ߱ս
ջľӴл̾͸оһɰĵûκʶУǴջľ꣬Ҳǻꡣ
˻ɱƣеĻߣطܹл޷ģǻͨͷųڴ˵㣬лȫ߱
еĿ֮
ʾԹǿߣҲľڡ
лڴջľ֮ϣ֮һʶеҺ̬һ͹ȥ
ոоٶڤͰĿҲһͬ
Զԣڵĸһ궼ܹ˼ģҲлǽջľĻ꣬ǴԵĴ˴˿رѡ֡
лȻһЦɣǲֹҵġ
˵Żһɿռ֡
֮رһԶڤڤע֮£лһջľôƾʧˡ
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ʧһ̣ԭظͷ۷弶ڤģҪջľͳȥл
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˭ǸҪʹôջľ˵ģ
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ܶڤҲЩĺУ̫ڴ֮µʧܣǼ޷ȶľˡ
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һ˵ô࣬ڤɫޱȣòŵֻ˵Ǹ⣬Զɱ⣬ϾŷǱѰݣֻϧ̫Զˣ֪ȻĻҲˡһ£ڣǴջľǿᣬҲδܹǿ
˵û֪ջľڵĻûκ˼ʶģ۰ͷһɵģ뼤Ҽ壬ӵ裬ӦûвŶԣУڤͰĿڵ꣬ҲӦֿܹģδؾˡһڤ˵
ǵĻһЩڤٶȳڴ
ڤڴĿŸɽ֮ۡ
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ʱ˿̣ڤͰĿڱ˴˿ҲʱͽˣҪһ¶⣬лᡣ
ͬģǴջľʧĵطֵԾɴڣʾҪлʹջľٶȳ֣Իõġ
սռڣлʱ̹עš
ʮ׷ΧԶԶڤڤڵĵطظоڤͰĿĵı仯
жԵѾˡ
лһЦԴ˲ϡ
ջľ˺Ľ˵ȫлˣƾܹ֮ջľ÷ӵޣ˵ڵ궼ֻ˼۶ɣĶδֿܹ
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Ҫ֪ԴջľڵĻ꣬ɢŨصȻлĽս״γ˴ﵽҪ궯
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һӴʱһ걬ɫĻ棬ٵţҪӴջľ
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Ҫһʱ䡣
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ʮĽս
ֱ仯ܹսϱ仯Ĺ̡
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սӵʵѾﵽʮ߱
εĽսҲлսõĳɳһ϶Ȼӵĸ쾡£ǿġ
лȵĽսʮνҲǷǳӽˣпԶɱһ
ĳɾôǾͷ֮ڣԽɱ˵ġ
ȻԴ˷ǳĻϲ
ʱٿǴջľ渽ŵĻɫҺ̬Ѿȫл֮¡
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еƵľͷܣͨл빥˭Ϳɽ˭ﵽĿġ
ʣһЩ
лռ͸ϾսҲѾֵˣܹսףսһξ˵ķԾɣսҲ
̧ȣڴջľ档
ջľǲ£֮ߣֵֻʮ׵ĸ߶ȶѡ
ï֦Ҷγ״
öҡ
лһ̤棬öмλãҲ֦Ҷγģβĵط
ŨϢǺصϢ
ףľһ֡
лӦǻ꽥ŻҪСʱȶöɢŨĥľͬʱóҶʼ
Сʱתۼš
һжԭò
ʼմںƽ״̬ڤ۴ŵڤԶԶعţĽĵȴǶľǳĥеڤȶ
ջľĸӦлֹͣ


2227  ջ
л鿴һԼ꣬ɫдɫ㣬ɫҲ࣬ҲԤ֮С
ͻƿɲô򵥵ġ
鿴ջľֻǷï֦Ҷ淺һ㵭ɫ棬ԶԶȥһɫ
ɫģ
лΪ֮ȻͷеҶٿ֦ҶȻʧЦȻҶͷų֮ջľһЩŻı仯
ٿöûʲô仯ֻǸаӻƹӰ㻷ΧػţҲǲϵŻЧ
ȿƷźܴĳɳռġ
ֻ֮Ҫ㹻ʱȻɳӶЧϵسɳ߽׵Ǿӡ
ӵĻڸʷЧѣݵĻǾػʥʣһԾﵽɡ
Ȼⶫ󣬾ʱҲǰѵһġ
ˣǸýʱˡ
öɫܹڤܹڤƷɣǾ;
л龰
ϸ鿴ÿһطȷ֮νսռ䡣
֣ջľٶȳ֡
ŵڤڤͬʱһһǰƮȥǹغŬĽڤ۶ŵĲˣܾһ֮䣬ĻɣĻǳ׵ʧһĲл꣬ٶѰɾڤģ֮Ľܲš

ջľһųҵĻ档
ǵϵҲȫתųǿҪ䴫ͳȥ
лһһĻٶȸ棬ɲǼ䣬ջľĸǣƻ񽣴档
ء
һ±ӡ
渲ŵҲһ±飬ԵǰԵеҲ̶ãǵȻ飬ʯܷɽȥ
ŲƬʯ߿գ׷׵ѿ
лջľˣö
ɫӱħš
һɢŰɫεİ˽״ĺˮĶǹ⻪䣬ޱȡ
λԱݰɣûбҪ˰ɡлĵ
ɫĵΪڤ飬ǹһǹ紴ڤʵһɾʮͷѪɵ꣡
лͫһ
ڤ飡
ڤɵ꣡
ԶԶ͹ˣȻʱܹŽǰʮľڤ飬ʱ½˰ǿкųܽǰڤһ
ٿջľл֣²ǰˡ
֪ͷйأҲֻһ԰ˣ˵̫Ķ褿δܹжãǴ˵һûдջľĻ֮أԶɱ֮ˣҲܹӳһˡ
һڤڤΪۣһǧʮĿȾڤİĿģһڤ۵һ꼯ڤлɵģɳҹǵۡǰ߿ڵ
˼ĶȻûаʱлɻĵ
ЦѾ꣬ʱǰôܲǡڤʴЦ
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ڤʰȻȻңҵı֮⣬˭ܹĴڡ¶һĨ֮ɫɺ޵ǣˣҶûնɱ褵һ߿

лͷһ
ǰ˰ǰǷ褻Ծڣƺ֮ǰѾʧ˰ɡл
ʧ٣ߣ㶮ʲôһߴżеõĿܹһ褾͵褵ıʧ٣ȴʼڰΪұ֣͵Ϯߺߣˣλ䣬ɺأұǰҪĿǰû뵽Ȼˡڤʺ޺޵ĵ
ˣ
л˵Ļ²Ǵɣ֪ƺô򵥰ɣһʲôӦÿԽ˵ؿơ
˵⻰ʱʼڤʺ͹ǵۡ
Ҫޱ仯
Σˣûаı仯·𷽾褵ĿľһΣô򵥡
Խ𾪣лԽǻɡ
Ĳ˵ǿǷ褵Ŀ䱾һ޶սʧܣҲʲô°ɡ
˵ܹڤİ뷽褿йء
˭ڤʵ
лң˵Сѣ˿ܶ˵ҵ֣ҽл
񱩾л
˼л
ڤʺ͹ǵͬʱѿڶ
⵹л⣬Ҳ֪ң
ħɱףڼἰ㣬˵սʾնɱߴͷһ꣬ǰնɱ˹пˣҪرС㣬˵صֶΣǾпǵʮؼ벻ǸлȻ㡣ǵ˵
лüëһħɱħԶɱľͷ
ǵۺߵ
ͷл˵Ųʷ˱ߣ˵һħľͷ֡
ǾͷȻħɱˡ
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ðɣ֪Ҳ֪ˣĶҲܸҵġл˵
ҿԸһЩ֪ĶڤͻȻڵ
ǵԣɫ䣬ڤʣʲô˵ҲûʲôôŬѵҪô
ôΪһڤʱؽջԻͣڤĵСҪĦҵ˼ֻ㶪ۡ
ǵ۱˵߲࣬
ڤʵҪ֪褿ɣΨһ֪ġ
֪лͷϾѾĿʱûбݻٵĻ褾͵޵ˣҲ֪ͨʱ䣬ǰǲܵġ
⻰һڣڤɫ䡣
ǹǵҲɫһ䡣
֪ʱ䣬ʩչ뷽褿ɱʱģδʩչڤʳ
лʼ磬Ƿ֣Ϊһĺǽ𣬾֪ʱ䣬˵ģҲô֪ģţѵħɱû߹ǣҾ̼ӳˣҪڲ֪Ǿɵˡ
Ļ䣬ջľڶȻ졣
һӷл֮£ЯɫצžڤͰĿĳɱȥ


2228  Ŀ
ڤ
Ǻͨģ
ͷͬʱ֣ǿ˵ۿŴջľɳģȻ֪ܹӵĻͱĻѾͷˣټǿµɫս֮ǿǾͷɫ궼Ҫˣ޵ֿأҲΨַһս
ڤħڤʷһ˻޾ħڰ֮۳һŵ׵ŰڤŨصɱ¾Ϣܹһ˵ľ˲ġ
ĿڹǵҲʾİ˵⻪ģһƬĹǺŨصĹվĺХ
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ڤʹǵ۷ĹֶͨʱʢеĻ󶷼ܹģһռ䣬˳УǺ󻼾ˡ
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лէЦνĻ󶷼ҪѴѵĶ˷ģ棬ȻҲкܴ뼯ȣرġ
λ̫ˣ
ʼ˵أǸʱˣҲѹ֣ѹƣʹڶķչҲǿľ˰
ɱ
лϺȵ
⶷嶯ܻģӣлȫԷӳ߰˳ɵ
ǾͿ׳Х汬
Ȼһɫͷ֮ϣȻһ±ڤ֮УһУףڤ͸ˣɫڤۼȥһβɨǹǺͨ档
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ǵμٵ룬Ƿţҷɳ죬߿ձ˴˲ٶγһӴĻ꣬ҲԱԭһ࣬γɵĿռҲһѹȵڤʹǵײһ𣬸ǱȵܵӲ߳ɵ
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꽫û
ĲҽҲ֮
ţڤʷŭ𣬡ǵۣҰң
лæ۲鿴ȥ͸ɫڤʺ͹ǵ۶ǱڵڤͰĿҲ˱仯
ųƹһľڤȻһѺۣڤҲ⵽ɫʴһӾͱյļɥ
Ŀĵİ˸ǵطְֻɭɭ۾
ÿһֻ۾һĹûڤڣʹþڤشġ
ȻΪˣǵҲǸ˲صĴۣҲ⵽ɫĺֻ۾֮𣬰ĿҲѺۣǵʹĴЦ
ʹǱشЦڤʵ
仯лջػ꣬Թߡ
ڤʽ˻ڵħҵķϵʵ˽ʮɫɢҲעڤѾûκλˡ
ǵۣ㾹Ȼγ֮ʣѾ˰֣ڤıŹǵۣɭޱȡ

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ˡڤʵŭ𽥽ʧɫָƽֻ˫۾Ŀƿһֻһ㣬ˣҲˡ
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ڤʵĵǡ
ȷɿƻǿˣû㣬ҿطЩڤ˶ϣڤʹ㴴ڤɱͷãֿܹ𡣡ǵ۴Ц
лҲЩɡ
ڤĿͷĻǾͺѿˣϾܹȫƵģֻս
ڤ򵭵ĵ˵а֣ѵûΪҵĿĳͣһ᲻ǰ׼Ǻǣ̫߹Լˣ׸㣬ɽεľŰڤһ뱻˹籾Դ֮˵طԳ֣ҪǣҲҪʱ䣬ôãл޷ɱ㣬ǺǣҲ䱻оͷɵ˰ɡ
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ֻǵһ˿˿ĲЩεڤ˿ӦûС
֣ɵлҶɵļʻʤȴڤʣĵĵڤݺһȴģ˵һĶ֣һͬ飬ǵۣžɡ
ǵ۱˵ɫࡣ
ڤҲ˵ĻᣬлҾͳȫɣȻǵҾĺõĳΪūһָ棬˵·һöǽ䣬Ƿ褿µģôõ׼ԾǰˣĲ緽̫ˡ
ߣҵǽΣҪʥ֮Ѫܹǽ䣬ڤʥ֮Ѫ𣿡ǵЦ
лԣЦеóһƿӣһѪ֮ѪĻ˷ѣԼѪɡ
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ڤʺ͹ǵͬʱе
лšƿǣһеϢɢ
ΪڤʹǵεĴڣȻ֪ٵģǰһӴģһΪ֮Ѫ
л֮Ѫ
һ֮ѪΪˮ׼ģϣɸħΪʥһء
Ǵ˵еʥڤɻĵ
ڻǣö̳ɾʥɾ磬ҵһѪЧǿԵİɡлЦеĵ
ڤԣĴָȻгһգܹܷ褡Ťͷǵۣǵۣɣ
ЦУڤʵѸٵڡ

ڤҲ׷׵ѣƬɢؼ䡣
Դڤʡ
л˹ǵۣ㻹뷴𣿡


2229  ѡ
ͱ˵лΪܹʤĹǵۣһֺ޲ôԼĳ嶯ֽʤͳȥģǽŬϵģʲô˵ģ
ǵ۾Ǿͷ꣬Ҳɵˡ
ķ㶣Ȼ˷֮ģӣл̾һ˵ˣӵдľԼĹ׼ΪԼԭ򣬶׵ʧܣǽԼĺ͸˵ūҲġ
лҡҡͷһӡ
ٶȳ
ιǵûзĿľѾΪ͵ϮڤʣĴӲһ룬Ҳûκõġ
ôģǵ۱ɡ
һԭл϶ΪſһսսȻôˡ
ҲǸпѡ
ƻԶûб仯졣
лعջľ֮ϣƮȻڤָǸŹǽλá
֮󣬽漤
ʮ߱Ľսһ±㽫ѡ
Ϳ棬һˮ
ѿ֮ˮ̴Ʈɳһöǽ䣬ܹϣͨӣէȥһԲȦѣϸᷢϸ΢ĵ̣ۿȥҲֻģĿŵͼּӦǹǽԴȪɡ
ˮػš
ƮɳһӰ渡ֳڤʡ
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л״̾ѣڤҲԼȥˣѰҷĻᣬǶԷ褺ذ
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ף褵
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ÿһУÿһʽÿһÿһ̬ȣÿһ鶼ûлĹ۲죬ſţ·˶л
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ʩչֶζԴ
ͫҲֳֶһ׵޼ƣһǿֲĶֻء
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ʱ򣬹ٶڤѾɶ
ǰսǶڤΪλͻȻˣȻڤҲ֪ǹǵ۳£ĽȻڤǵδɱлóܹǵĹǽ䡣
ڤ۵ڤΪ֮ǽţġ
һлƿعǽ䣬ôͬ뿪ͬ磬۽ǳΪлū
ڤۣڤ൱ھͷͷȻ˼ҵū
ǵܹܡ
ڿлóŹǽˮ֮ͳͳɶҲʲôڤˡ
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ڤٶ죬˲Ϣ㵽ɽ֮۵ϿգҲֻǸոյ͸еһεѹȹ
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նɱڤġ
ʮսʣǿҲͬʱģԽս̬лҲ޷οڤۡ
ڤҲⷶΧڡ
ǵͬܵĪƣ׷׵ıѹ߽սʵŽսʲȣһܸɵһٶοٶڤء

Ҫôлū
Ҫô׵ɢԶʧ
ͨڤ꣬ΪĻѡĵܶ࣬ڲͬǶѾﵽڤڤزĶǰͷ磬ģӴ˭Ը
ʱеڤ궼ԥˡ
ڤۿɱ𼶱ڤ¶һĨɬЦݣллı֣һܹɵڤʹǵ۵ˣɾҲǷǷܴﵽǸεģ˵ūƺҲ̫ܱǿɡ
УԼˡ


ڤӣڤ̾һѸٵĺ󳷣뿪ǧңƵҲָ֮
ڤۣΪʲôڤҲҪܵڤƣҿǾͷڤʣҪͳι磬ڤĵڤۺ޵Ŀڤʳɢô޼ˡ
ڤ۳ˣڤҲεȴ
ͬ
мҲͶģɿôȴǷҲͱ
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ˮڵļսҲˡ
л˫Ŀɽرţ˸ŵӰڣûںһ𣬹һȫµĶ
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ںϳɹǱɲǷͣ˵ĲˣмΣɳɾԼɲǷˡ
лһˮ
ץס˹ǽ䡣
ǽ֣͵ˣʱ˼Ҳһξ߱սʱˡ
ǿ˻ʣɾ;ͷĺ𣬿ޣڤۣڤɼսͷɫĴʣרŶԸͷɱ󣬵ȵȽ˼Ҳľսʱˡ
лŹǽ䣬תڤڤڤ꣬Ҳ
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бҪ˵𣿡лʧЦ
йǽ֣ū˵бҪ
ڤ¶һĨϲɫãΪ񱩾ЧҲʧݡ


2230  ʥɣ
ڤ۵ı仯лҲе⡣
Ҳ֪ңлȻ
ڤ۵Ȼ֪ܶ˾ۼԶɱǰ̽ʮǰиͷǰģãȡ˼䣬֪˹үһУүǱ϶Ϊ뷽褣ħĴڣүٶѾȫԽ࣬ؼԼģעүδɾͷǷΪүЧҲǵҡ
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ٶȳڤڤǰʱлԸо۵κͲʣлδɾٸߣҲûԸȥūֻԶԣȸ˵ūܸһЩˡ

ڤ۳̾һ
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ڤ۾ħɱ


2231  
ħɱħľͷҲǿľͷ֮һܹŲʷɱ·磬ʵ֪ҲǾͷɫʵԶɱҲһĵֿԶɱֲĴڡ
˭뵽Ȼ͵Ϯл
ʱ͵Ϯ˻ɣž޴ıģֵûǲһֱڰ
лʼտš
رգ̫Σա
йΣֻҪĶͨȫǰֵģ൱ıԴֻ֮Ҫ㲻رգԶɱʱضܷΣյĵطҪ
ˣħɱͻȻҲлֲ
ħɱֶ̫ˣԶ˵أӦʮ׿ģͻȻһͻʮ׶˵òʮ֮һʱ䣬ʶŻԵĸͻأԷġ
ڤ㲻𣿡
ڤ۾Ҫ֣ȻڤʵѷɫһΣɱϾǾͷҪȫֵ֣Уȫûκ⡣
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ħɱֵ˹죬ǳŹǽġ
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ħɱһнһᡣ

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ֻڤڤǣǣԼô򵥡
ħɱɫ΢䣬ҪûߣȴΧÿһطһɫħڶ
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ĺɫħһɹȥ˷Ҳܵյһӷħɱɡ
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үΪڤַ꣬ƺҲǴڤܻģΪΣΪҶоһ˿־壿ڤѭ
лҲһۣߵԺٸ㡣
֣ǸĪ⣬ڤ۸еǰλˣҲնɱɡ
ʵлҲеƣԼʩչɱôǿ
ûͨء
ģܹħɱһѵУ֪Լڤڤǡ
һֵûᡣлôûͷûԵһ仰һΣԾǷ֮С
ڤ۵ĸй٣Ҳֻһգ۵Ĺлûһеټ·ʧһ
ֵû᣿
ȻǶԷԼħɱһ仰ӫδʱ֣лĲҪֵõϿɡ
α֣
еֲе㲻أ


2232  ͷ
ڤۺǲ⣬ûäĿĳ֣ĻֳԼ޴һ棬ƸлƲ
Ǵ£ʵı޴һû⣬ԼǱ׿Ƶģ˼ҾϣóԼԶūѲá
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ڤҲûֹͣط߶ǿֲڤ꣬̾߿գͬûг֣ǵǿڤظоĵǳȥ
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Ϊ֮У˵ӰŮѾѪ飬Ϲˡ
˵ص󣬱￿£
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Ϊ㣬ֱӺɱ棬ʹ־ҵĲɱһ䴩͸
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ħɱһѪ嵹ɳȥеħӵˣĴ޷ܣһʱҪĸо
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ħɱлȵ֪ɱҪħɱܵģܹʮȲεĹҲǿֲεһΡ
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һƾͺڹ۵ϣеģ־дðе㲻
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ಣ
ħɱˡ
һӹҲֻ֮һѪ۶ѡ
֣лȵ
ڤڤ
źһɱȥ


2233  ˵
ڤڤȫٶȶлܱˣûȥ׷ɱֻԶԶţҪڤǷˡ
Ծɲڤ۾ͳױлΪõУǶڤԺ˵ͽǱ˵Ŀʼ
ڤ۲ɵӡ
ı൱ͣһеĳڤʩչط߶ڤ귢ӿֲ֧֣ȻһӾҪħɱˣмƣܹնɱһ
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ͫӰҲصˡ
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Դ˱˼ʥһֲҽڤ˵أڤѡɣѡϣڤɽ۵Ⱥ򣬴ȡ壬뿪ˡл

ڤ۹Ȼ󽫹ڵλϸͼлˡ
лͷǲһϤڤڲ࣬뿪ˣҲսռ߳
ʱ˿̵Ҳ΢ı仯
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֪ʮ֮󣬾ͷڰԶĵطҲһȺڱڤΧţΪ׵ĺȻ櫣


2235  ս
ͻأĳҲʵле⣬˵ؿԶɱڲķΧڣ˵Ϊʮ䣬Զɱв㻹Ҫһ㣬ɱϾҪҪŨϴģ櫵ľҲܹ
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2236  ǿ
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2237  ߵغ
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ŶԾ㻹ҶԾĹЩȡ
ȻлЦ㲻ô׾ͱܣɱɣҪĻҶԼ̫ûˡ

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ŷԲʮڵһڤͳͳķˣΨõչˣδܵ˺
ʹĲҽҲʧĵطңԶĹĲҽС


2238  أ
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һʱ䣬Զɱӿ


2239  ջ
ӳлڴ˵أûзӳȤ˵صػܹ֪̽ЩʲôȻˣл˷ܵػƬ֮ҶⶫܹͻƵġ
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2240  Դ
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лѾ鱨ڲࡣ
ڤʽش˽λ˵һɽڣɽǰԵķǳӴֺ
ڤڤеɣΪڤǱķɱġڤ˵
лЦڤʵǺưڸû˸ҽڤܵƣһоͲ⵽ƻˡ
ڤڵһУƵġڤ˵ɣ棬ܻڤһЩǹرУֻϧǱƵ̫ˡ
ܹڤרѹһڤ֪꣬ڤһȨǳǿʢˣκвԼġ
ҲȻǲ˶ǵĶմȾ
´˵ȵطˣֵûˡ
лǰ԰ɡ
үСģڤڤͬ
ǵı֣л⣬
лȻһЦ޷
ֻҪǺйصһЩҪ˺ܣϾְ꣬档
ʱһǿ
лųһĨĽ⣬̼ɱ

㱻ɱֱӺˡ


2241  
ڤΪڤڤǿһǶԴҲ޻˵
ڤǾ£ȴл˵Ӱǳµġ
ȺɣڤߣóǹоͷƣƣɸǿطлԸ
ڤȻͬ⡣
صĻﻹǲ±˵ġ
ֲٿصþͷɵοڤ۱Ǿͷ
лɽ
ɽлۿ̽ȥ赲һ֣ͨй۲⵽һжǺģ·ٵطʲôƣԷ۵Ĺ۲ķΧʹĳЩطͬڱˡ
ΣأҪСġл
ܹۣǱָ߼߼ܶġ
лҲȫװ
֣أҲγͨ콣ϵװҲĹâѪﶷڣʱ׼
ɽбµġ
лܹ̽ʮ׵ȷͨϣ׾ͷĵط赲ˣ޷۲⵽Ƿ񻹿¡
һǧ֮лͣΡ
Сģǰǵһܹ赲۹۲ĵطл˵
ԣ񽣺ǰ
磬ţлʥѾɵȫʩչԭҲ˾޴ı仯
ػԸˡ
ԭѹ֮Ҳ׵ĺȣѹޣҲǷǿĵزʮףһ㣬ʾʥɣԭǿʢʮϣ֮ʮʷ֮ۼ棬ӵĻ֣ƺʱȥء
Ҳһۿɼıֳ
˵лķﵽǰδеǿȡ
˷ǰȥ
۵λþͨǽ棬һƽǰСλãҲ֪ڤʵʱá
лǰ
ûзӦ
ǰһأǽ̴֮һĲлҲһʱоΣ١
ݣ
һĺХ
ûʱȥʲôле񵶱նȥڵ˵Զʤͨ켶ģκιǾԿġ
꣡
һĨⱻնϡ
ǿҲһ½ǳĶĵɻȥײǽ֮ϣĲҽ
ʱлſĶ
ǾȻһֻͨ嶼Ǻɫë߲һҵħŵһѷħѾնϡ
ʮ߱ĽսȥҲǽˡ
ħ
ħסˡ
һŷӦ첽ǰħüļһ㣬֮ͿһĨĹ͸ָ͸ȥһξӨ͸ҺָħƮɳ
ħǾӨ͸ҺΡ
лħʲôԾӣҿǺٿ
һξӨҺСĵһƿڣ˵ħʱеħޣ
Ул
ԣУʱ֮⣬δֹħϹһмصģ˵ħ֮ԵΪѪ֮жһΨųܹ֮ʼųγһҺΣΪһرħãŻΪħ˵
лô˵ħħޣħħ壬ô˵صħζš
ͷڵǸǿߣӦþ޵оͷģΨѪſܵħ
Ƿ˵ڤͽڵıﶼϴһգأлЦ
ƺпܡ
лǾͿǵˡ
Ǳ㼱ǰн
ܹ̽ĵطûκεΣգֻǲ̽λãŻħС
̸߱лҲ֪ħڲͬĵط
ħܹطӡгµĳ˯˿𣬵ڵҲźǿĵطԲŻĴڣһƿħͻѹ
һ·ǰС
նɱħһٶ
ħʵҲ𲽵ǿӸտʼսʼشﵽͨ켶һмǿơ
ǵһʮһħˡлջ񵶣ŵϱɱħоѶԽԽ
ħʵѾﵽͨ켶λɫ꼶
˵ؾǳ赲۵λãٶ׵ľ룬ڼ仹һƬʮ׵ĵط۹۲⡣
ȡħڵһҺΡ
ٶźأҺԽ࣬ʱǿߣǵʤ͸һЩǿԽǿߵء
лʼ磬ٴǰƮȥ
գۼʮ׵۵ĵط
һ³мҵĵطһʱ䣬ǽڴҵһĺХ
ʮħͬʱ֡
Щħͨ켶λɫ꼶ģǿĴﵽɫľˡ
ʹһѷħɱ
лվ
žžžž
еħͳͳĴػ⡣
л˿ٿػӰһ֮飬ɢҲֻǳʮλõһЩϸСѷ죬ɢȥġ
ػ
ͨ켶λɫľ߶Ȼɵֵͨ켶λɫȫһ൱ˣܹﵽʥ壬ͷ¹κЧġ
л൱⡣
Ȼˣʮ࣬ͨ켶ɫĻлػ϶޷ֿЩħѷɫˣҲǰɫꡣ
л񵶶⣬ԭתһȦ
һĨڿлһԲȦʮħҲ׷׵ıնϣǿĽսҲ˳Ƴ
ء
ħﱻɱ
ʣһɫֻǱĻζһ£˶ûУɫ˰벽סΡ
лħһγδȫ
λɫ꣬ɫҲչֳǿһ棬ɫܹɱɫȻʤδôס
˻
ֻħӵϽ˫צƺҵץ
ǵצָҲ׵ĳȣ˸ɭĺâλһĨ͸ΣٵĴͷݽצ棬ٶؿλøһҺΣҺΪԴȪġ
лҲͨ켶λɫ꣬ɫǿ߽ء
ûжҺֽ̬񵶲棬Žɫȭײδժȭǰȥ
ƽսԿȷʵܹսʲôǿȵĸ֡


2242  ߣ
أأأأ
ƾٶȣлĴħԶԿһΣȭͷеһĽ档
ʮ߱ĽսǺޱĳ
һ֮лƺһĵٿĴħеɫ꼶ķһĽյɳȥ׵ľ룬Եצķָ׶ˡ
ȻлʵҪʤһЩ
Ͼսڷţͨ켶λɫͨ켶λɫĲ㣬ҲʮӣʹѷһЩϼȭ׵ļӳֳսла֮ڻɱһ
ٿɫħһ
Ȼֻǵ˰벽
ͨ켶ļȭǰǷָ׾Ȼûаˡ
Ҳ΢΢һ֮ɫ꼶ħֽһٶɱٶȸ죬ǿ
޼ɱ
лƿһ
Բ׵Ŀռ̱һƬƬĿռƬƮ
ǰɫ꼶ħ﷢һʹУȥ
ȻǴͽսԿλɫ꣬ҪѷɫһЩǼⶥ⶷ռϷˡ
㾫ɫҵսԺɨͷˡ
лǳ⡣
޼ɱ֮µֻħҽ󵹷ȥл΢΢һЦֱӳɱȥЩƮɢĿռƬ飬һȭħͷ
ɫħŴɱ׺ݵĳ֡
лǶǿ
ֱӳײȥ
أأأ
ֻħĹͳͳϣȴҲδ赲ֺûˣʥķȫεĹ䱸׼ͨ켶ĻǻЩɵģֻӡ
ԴлҲֻ˵ҪҴʵ̫ѷˣ
ӵʥ֮µĳôܲʹء
ʶƾħػ֮
һȭҲֱưɫħͷȥ
ִ򷨣һǹġ
˻
ɫħһ˵ȻֹסҲȻθ˽һףǡл³ȥδܶ乹˺
ã
ɵл̲ס̾
Ҳǰ֮Уһƴȥ
ֻأ
˶޼ںϣɳɾǿĶͬпֲһĳȥһתγɡ
أ
ħʱк󱳣ĲҽУǰɳȥǷҪٴӦޚħƵֻȥӪȡ
лٶȷӳ
Ǹոսסǿħʱһͻ㵽˽ǰ
أ
ȭػ
ֻħͳͳɱ
ǰȡڵҺΡ
ܹоﵽɫĻ൱еİɫ꼶ǿߣþɫӦҲܹʤлı֣жϡ
ǿߺħޱϾ̫
ħֻԼܹбжߵ֮£սȻʢһοͨ켶λɫ꼶ٶõ֧֣װõģһЩؼȻӿֲ
ҲôΪлЦҵ뷨ǣʱ䣬Ƭ֮ҶˣҶӦܹڶʱڴﵽɫزġ
Ǳǳ۹۲ĵط
ǰһ޴ϡ
էȥͺɫĻڵ棬ʱһ΢ϸ۲Ļ֣ᷢǺܴκεʡ
ӦûжķþǷգܹκζУʲô޷Ӧ˵
лǾͿʲôɡ
һ
һս͸ָγɽһ׳Ĺ滮̾ʹ˺
ɫĻһ϶
̴ݳһŨϢлʶΪһƬѷɫƬҶĶ
ѷ쿪Ҳ֮鿪
ٿ棬ֻһɫ֮һЩţɱħ겻֪ʱȻ֮£ͨű仯
󷨣ͺȵ
ҲӶͨ콣նȥĽХʮħ棬ʹõȴҲֻǷš
лֱһѽ˳ȥ
ͣ
񵶹ȫĽս貵Ľ⣬֮УЩħ궼ˣһ¶ڵϣǿɢʹõѿʮ϶ҲѼŸǿʼ
⵽شʹħڲҽУ׵ʧ
˵Ҳֻʣڷɢʧɫ
лһγսռ䣬УɢҲóҶƬ֮Ҷ
ɣ󷨡Ҳû󷨵İڳѪɫ棬һųҵĴɼ֮Хţͨ콣ʼһһеų׵Ļ
ΣлҲףȻǿǷǣҲʣͽսռ䣬һƬ֮Ҷ㿪ʼ
ҶҲã֮ҶҲգܹӿľ֮ٶȵġ
֮ҶлҪʹãֱӽ飬ȡȻٶȴﵽһǰδеĳ̶ȣ˼Ҷṩд˵ɫ
עлᾪ׵ġ
ÿһκŴսȥϷ֮ҶҶͷŵ֮һսʹĽսÿһ붼ԷǷĳ̶š
ɫҲԽԽһһС֣ȻǽɫĹ㡣
ǰ󲻹һСʱŽɫ귢˳
ɫԽԽࡣ
ûñӽ֮һˣҲлӼţһһ֮ڣɫĵزӶӽλ硣
ֳһۣ۲ʲô⡣
Ծٶȿ쭵ġ
ž
УͻȻһ춯ŵĽսڴ
л΢΢һ٣Ҳδ쳣
žžž
սڱ㴫һһɫɢĽսƯ
Щ֮󣬱㿪ʼһ˿߰ĴڣҶ
лЩĵġ
ɿ˿߾ȻǱҶգûͣٲ鿴壬鿴սûκεĲףͣܶɫЩ谭УȫĳҲϵشӽսͬսųһҲϵ۳˿ߣûҶڡ
ˣлͷ֣Щطɫ󲿷ΪսںϣΨСֱų⡣
ڽɫﵽ֮֮л΢΢һͣ漴һеͳͳıգ֮Ҷṩͳͳ壬һӳϢʹýսҲһ
ɫһӻΪȫĽɫ
սռ棬˽߸Сʱʱ䣬ÿһŶ飬һ֮һЩɢĴӵƯ
ѪƮɳֱӽЩɵ
ųһ
һƨڵϣͨ콣һԣ˵ӻõأ


2243  ڤֵûɣ
ѯʣѪ鵭Ȼĵǽսʮ߱Ķڴߣ׾٣ҪԼȥоսȻὫųġ
ԣ㲻ٶ˵ʲôˡ
Ƭ֮һռ䲨лսռ䡣
һأվ׷ʵõߣ
ߣл΢΢һ˵ǲЯģ
ԣѪеһܻãŷǳĺô
лЦҲ֪ǲǻˣԶҵĽսųΪҶˡóҶָʮ磬㿴ЩЩֳ֮״̬ţ˵ĺб仯ҶṩЧԵõô˵أӦнһǿɡ
ЧҲлܹôصԭ
Ҷͷŵ֮Ũû䣬Ǵȵõ˽̬Ĵǽսǳ֮ߣҲֱ룬Ҫ޳ʲôʣлԺʱһϡ
ٶֵ˼ˡѪ
лЦһ£ƺġ
ûӡˣҲٶȵġ
˶㽫ôƻôһûУʲô󷨣Щȥħꡣлʵ
ѪΪһֱ󷨣ħ귢죬ұ˴ɣγһǿħ꣬ս֮ǿܻͷܹʩչ̶ȥħɣǿ˵󷨳׵Ĵݻ٣Ϳܵһľͷħޡ
ţΪʲôڤʵԼŶˣ˵صʱӦҲǲŴӹڵõһѪʹ󷨰ɣѾûˡл˵
ӦڤƵԵˣΪ֮һ˵ˣǴӹõѪ
лɻǣ˵͵õһЩѪ
ҲпܣӿܵڤʱѪΨˣſֱ󷨣ΪһѪеΨоѪ˲ܹ˵
Ѫ
ڤʣ
лôһЩԾҲ̫Ͼڤʴڵʱ̫ңԶˣǸʱʱ̫ԶܹѪһΪʲôй紴ڤء
ܻһЩ˵ľͷѪֻǶСĵֹ֪׷ɱˡ
ڤʾѪڤҲ⣬ˣţǴɽڵĶҲ벻ɡлЦ˵
ӦûУطܼªڤûʱȻĻҪƽ⣬ǷǳѵģǵЯණĻһ档
̡
֮ǰһƬ̹;ˡ
۹۲֮£ܹͷһ޴һڤػػ
;ûʲôƴڣɢţһЩ֪ƷɢŵӦǹһЩƷڤʴЩɵʲôʱˡ
ǳͨĵط
Ĵڤػ߸վһλãлĵֻŵһڤػ춯
νڤػ߾ûֻ꣬й塣
ʲô֮ģй壬ͬģǾ֮λۿ֮ڣ֮жʵǿ
ڤػû꣬ľǹ壬֪ǵʹģԴȪ
˶㷢ûУڤµЩش˵صģǿҲͨ켶λɫ꣬ȻһͷĶûСл
²ûûʱ䣬ͷϾͬѰҪʱģɵڤʵǿЩжϣȻȱٵľʱ䣬صһЩöûɣҪ˵ͷˣܹͨ켶λɫ꼶ڤػߣͺҹĿ࿴ˡ
ƺ˵ʲôлҲһ·Ϲ;УĲ鿴ЩɢƷһЩɢš
ͨЩɢЯŵûѪжϣ⴦صڤӦֻһ˵ѪеһܹͨһЩѪжһ˵
һģȷѾǳˡ
ĴڤػߣֻŵĲзӦҲڤ״̬֮ĳ̬ĴڤػͬʱػŶ
ǣ
ǸڤػߵĹϴ춯һĨѪɫĴüļ両ֳѸٵɢȫλ
ԴȪ
ǴԴȪĻǲͿɽնɱ
лһ̳ɱȥ
ѪɫĹɢȫ֮ǰһȭڤػߵͷ­
ٿڤػߣȻ˿ƺûзӦ
ȭͷԼʮ׵ʱѪɫȫڤػʱӦҪΪʱ
أ
лһȭͷ­顣
ڤػߵʱλˣʹ䣬һûлʩչͱˡ
ʱͱֳһ˵ٳӦǻˡ
ҲķһΣһڤػ߽ǰͨ콣ֱһն飬ڤػüļҲֻǸո˸Ѫɫѡ
Ĵڤػǰ󲻹ͱǸɵˡ
ڤûʱ䰡ڤػ߶ǲдƷл˵ǰȥǰ
ȭ
ֻ΢һ˿ƶѣҪ˵ѷ죬ˡ
Ӧǿ֣Ҫƽ⣬ûôװл˵
ڤڤɡ
лһ£ҡͷ˵ûʲôڤ֮ĶǰܻΣա
ڤۺڤǵʥǿˣлҪĺܣϹؼóֵطա
̵
һ߾ǣȫɫһӱ档
Ȼôɫȴɷá
գվһС
ǾҲãҲգǴڵģõģǻɫɽ֮顣
˿̾ɫ𷢻ʱˡ
ȼյĻ潫һж飬ֲʮӵ֮ڻǳѺۡ
ɫվ̫١
㹻Ļһ±ջٵģѾǳЧˡ
ٹʮӣɫ֮»ΪҽһŨص漤
лҲû濴ȥ
ֻħһħһײļУһһ׸ҵĹ֣һڵţƯʮֻڵķɳ档


2244  ǽ仯
׵֮ɫҲʧˡ
ЩƮŵʮֻڵķɳ淢ˡ죬лٶǿľˡ
ɻ棬Сģǿ죬սδܹ˼ǡЩСɳ棬ɫʱˡ
лһθоĻҡ
Ծͷǵо֮˵ȻЩСɳŵˡ
˶սЧǵıҲЧɣǿͨ콣лЦ
ԣɫޱ仯еͨ콣
̺ǿսһȥ
ս˴ɵļ֮磬ͨ콣ȥһ±зֻɻ档
ž
Ľ⾹Ȼһ´͸ȥ
ɻûа仯ͬһ㡣
ǰ
ɻеʵĴڣõģǻʹطҲħе츳ܣǾΣڱеһ̣ΪĴڣһգ޷˺ǡ͵ɻ棬ȫѪɻ棬崿Ѫģǿħ֮ʮֻѪɻǱڤѪģȻˣܻڣڤʾǴѪ
лŽͣҲѸٵĺˡ
ЩѪɻٶҲ˵Ŀ¡
Ǿ൱һ磬ٶȷ棬ܹловǼ˫һ𣬱˲Ϣǰ
˶ȶлһơ
ƮƮĺˣһĨռС
սռˡ
ΣպޣõɱлͷܣڿɺãߣȻǸ׸ʲôöûС
û˺֮ǣлĿ
ҵҪν츳жǿлγ񵶣ս
һʱ䣬񵶻Ӳӵģĵâǽɫģס
лһֻѪɻ棬˳һն¡
ǿĵâг
Ҳֻһ˿ǳ΢ĵֿűͬնڿ棬ȻѪɻϻȥѪɻָ̬ˣݸԵÿֲһѪɫٶһ¼ӿ
лٺˣͬʱǰǰһ͡
ҪѪɻ츳ǲ޵ˣ񵶶ܹӣǾͿ˵޵мˡ
Ŵս񵶵ǰݳȥ
˻
Ѫɻ淢˻˶һʧϣ͵ĳײˣ񵶵棬Ҳǣͨ콣Ѿ֤ⷽȻѪɻںκαġ
Σˡ
񵶵âѷɫһЩ񵶱ǾͲͬˡ
񵶺ųһǼٵ
οһϣһ࣬ʹ񵶵ԶԶκһͨ켶ġ
ʮ߱Ľս
ߵӣ̬ͬ˼㡣
ˢ
绮ȥ
ɫѪ
Ѫɻ汻һΪǰ츳Ҳá
һɣлɵĴЦѪɻ棬
ʣʮֻѪɻ治ɵķһŭ˻лһ˿Ŀ־壬Ȼǻ۲̫ߣҲûܵġ
ಡ
ûǰ壬Ѹٵĺˡ
ƯЩػĵط
лᵶҪȥȴǱɱѪɻ겢ûб˳ݻ٣һڹǹǽ֮ϡ
ǽֵĸһصĺۼ
лһ£Ҳûȥоٶᵶɱȥ
񵶣Ѫɻˡ
˸˻ϡ
ʮֻѪɻգۼͱնɱֻʣһֻԸͷģΪӦҲǿġ
ǽĺۼҲˡ
ǺȻһǳɫʨӵͷ
֣ǽ䲻ǷŪڤôڤеѪɻ귴ܹ֮ءлʼ磬Ȼ벻ͨαȥأ˷ԽһתΪһֻѪɻ档
ֻӴѪɻ̱ˡ
ǾµҪ
ЩѪɻֳʵԣӦͨ켶λ㣬ڳͷɣӦ˵˻ɡл񵶣ɢĹâҲϵֻѪɻصķӡ
Ѫɻ͸еһ쬵ϵسϣǾ壬ϵغˣȴ޷ɢĹâʼնš
˻˻
Ҳ˻ϡ
˵˻лȻһӣսռ˶Ѫɻ治˵𣿡
ֻʣһֻѪɻ棬ϲ֮࣬ҲǶлҲɵö࿴һۣѪɻǽ׵ͷ磬Ҳ޷ڵģУûжٵλ츳ͻҲδЩκεĸ졣
лЦҾͲ˼ˣԭõʲôõĶ㾹Ȼ˵УǾȥɡ
ಣ
񵶶Ȼ˳ȥ
޶
Զģܹлһࡣ
ѪɻΪɳͷվħޣ츳һƽ⣬ǵսܹ½ʮֹѾлŵõͱնС
ͣ
һΡ
ԶתлС
Ѫɻ֮ɢһǹǽֵɫʨͼ棬룬ʹʨӵ͸һǳİԵ
ᱻǽգʵ
֪лȥ㿴滹һʨͼ
ʨͼü𣬡ƺôһͼһмصġ
лһ壿
ԣʨʶ
ҡҡͷлʶ뵽ȻڤǴѪôйµħޣɾһˣԾϹһ¡
ǲ£ҲЩ۸ݵġ
ʨǽһеĶǿߡһѪɻ꾹Ȼ۳ʨͼѪɻӦҲڤʴģҺܿͨʨľѪġ
Ҳôġл񵶣ЩڤµƷԡ
ǰѪɻػŵһѶ
ħһħЩĺܸߣͨ켶ģڤµģʱʱݵλǰʮеĶȻǷƷ
ֻǵɭɭģעֻܱڤڤʹá
֮⣬һһ׸ߵĹŵķӦþڤۿἰĹ籾Դ֮
֮⣬лûзġ
ռָ֮Ķûҵ
ڤһرڿռָڣĳطˣܹʨ֮ѪѪɻ棬Ӧûʨ֮ѪŶԣǵ䣬˸ҷ˵籦ҲȻУءлȫѲ
ÿһ䣬ȴǺջ
νĿռָ·𲢲һ


2245  
ռָûҵл˺ʧΪܹôĹرû뵽ûжջ
ȻǶǶԡ
ǱˣǾͷͨ켶һļУǿ϶ǻ˷ܲѵġ
ƫƫлͬ
ǵıԲ˵лʥɣȫʤЩУ磬װǿʢܶ౶
뿪֮㽫Ƚ˹ڵ飬ңһˣڤ˵طδɣὫЩرڱ𴦡л
лһĲݵӣȻʧЦãããҸմ˵صĿռ䡣
лǰһǰ

ֱʵлְ棬𲽵ļӴսƻ³ǹҲһЩѺۡ
лʱһӣйսռ䡣
˾ǹ𣬱Դ֮Ҳʹʧġ
ž꣡
Ȼ
һ鿪Ĺ籾Դ֮̾ҵķɢлֽǹǽ̽С
һʱ䣬Դ֮·ҵйһسǽڡ
ǽʨͼҲ·𸴻һմıԴ֮ǹǽ䱾ҲǲϵظһЩͼ
лܹظܵǽı仯
ʥ֮ѪԼģȻǸӦģڹ籾Դ֮ԽսǺջ
ĽսıԴ֮Ѿһ˿Ҫ׵ļ
еĹ籾Դ֮ͳͳıǽɡ
л鿴ǽ䡣
ֻǽıʨͼӵˣ͸һ˿޵ѹǹǽıҲһ˿ĺɫϢš
Ҳ֪ǽ仯֮󣬻ԿڤڤӰء
Կɡ
лŹǽ䣬Ϳǽ̸һκɫĹΣϵɢﵽʮԶĵطʧˡ
۹۲š
εĹδغŵڤڤ֮ڤ֮壬̿ʼ̣·ʲôսһ㡣
Σл̷ʵ顣
Ȼǽڡ
ٶȲѯ˵أȷû֮뿪
߳ɽ˽ơ
үпջ񵽱Դ֮ڤڴĵ
лЦܵҲԴ֮ôͲҲڤʵһЩرء
ڤ֮ӦòҼǵùǵ˵Ҫصʱоûдſռָֻ״һħһļСڤʵ˵
˵Ҳء
лǽһˬڤҲǵģöȻϣһԴ֮յˣǽҲ˺ܴı仯ܷУͿԼˡ
ڤǿСģҪʱһҪ籾Դ֧֣֮һӵбԴ֮ǶԣĵطأǽİãУٶȿܻᳬġڤЦүҿɱ֤ǵõ壬ںϹ壬Ҫһʱ䣬ٶȳ֮پųɵļʣڤΪڤ۵ġ
Ŷлڤڤ
ڤһۣаգ
лɵЦô˵ǽ˵ҲǺöˡ
ڤ۵ǽȷǺöڤ֮ӹ˼رľģҵȵĺôȻܴ󡣡
áлڤ۵Ļش൱⡣
Ļʥǵ֮󣬿ܻﵽһ۷ġ
꣬леĴȽ϶ࡣ
Ĵ֮󷽿ɳͷ磻ǴϢʥ֮֮к֮䣬ȫӡԼ֮кܴĳͷ磻ٴγڤ۵ȱȫںϹ壬ǻڤڤۡ
ƺ޲Ԥʾţ֮󣬻ʮ־ʵ鷢
лħһħó˵սǿЩ͸ɡ
ڤϲϽл
оڤõͨ켶ģʺڤʹãɴ˱Ҳսģڤۣ൱ھͷɫ꣬ȫԽͨ켶ħͲдսɫˣڤһ̤ͷ磬ʱͻƣǿɻܾͷɫ̫꣬⡣
л뿪˵ء
ڤ۴ڤսȻڤһǽ֮Улٶǰ
սƫȴŷḻ֪ʶؼʱ̣𵽺ܴõġ
ӵлҲʮ㡣
ڤ֣ĿɱͷͬʱԣҲҪ˱ᣬڤ۵ǿƳ
ţͷҲǿġ

ǸѾʧˣ۴ûκεڤڣǵǰսۼ֮£սۼȻѾɱˡ
лͨȥܡ
ڵõ֮ۺ󣬱ܹ׽һЩսµϢͨЩϢǿģһЩ
֪٣Ȼɡ
ܿһЩϢ۳
أĹˡл˵
üëһǿ߷Щ鷳ˣǴľͷʹôĻȫԶ乹Ĵ
֮⣬ƺмͷţȥл
˱ǰȥ
ҲǷǳӴһ·УûһڤеĻҲһЩڤػǡ
ʮ֮ǰֳһ𺳵Ļ档
ֻһɽȵİ֮УʹͷͷɢľԵľͷһĹһħӿɷڣǿݣл㽫ӵɳ
ô
лŬԼĸ첲Լ̫𾪣ľ޷ƽȡ
ʵ̫ˡ
Ǵ˾ȻĹǵħľͷ˼ͻƳɾ;ͷˣҲγ̨Ǳ˵ľͷ
ڰ˴ͷΧеľصǿߡ
ǿԾǿһУһŷħ֮УħռзԲ׵ľ롣
ӡлһ𾪣۾ضĹԱߵͷһ¡
лηѣ̴Ѹٵĺˣ˽׵ľ룬͸۷ܿĵطһڵϣŬֵľվһ˿ĲƽϢ˺һȫ
Ժл˵ģ򲻶ϵѯԼοܣôǵħˣ
ϵȥֿܣʵǣһжʵġ
˾ǵħ½ͷ
㷢ʲôǲǸĹߵľͷʶӦþ˼ɾ;ͷ֮ˡ˵
л˵ͷʶ϶δʥǱڵľͷʥսṩģ벻Ȼǵħˣ


2246  ԭ
л϶ΪǱھͷģҲ֪һЩģаʷˣͫ񻢣棬ʵȵȡ
Ƕǰǰ㿪ʼжϾһУصḶ́Ŀľǳͷ緽ɳأΪ˼սԿʥǻǱЩʵлвǱ˵ġ
лģǾֻҪʱ䣬ʥǿ翹⡣
Ψʥ֮Ŀܹĳ֣ʥǵʱ䲻ѡ
էħ½ͷȻлڶδʥǵľͷѡҲǳһ
ܱ϶츳Ǳ֮⣬ȻҲҪõ֤ġ
˭
лһҲѪ
һĨⱬҲһֱͦУƺл϶ܹ˼ģѪģҲֻһˣǾϹ壬ΪڵѪѾϡˣ޷Ҳܵõ崫УȻҲԼؾĶˣȻҲǱڵĿܵΣգѾˡ
Ҳֻлἰһˡ
Ϲ꣡
Ϲˣлӡ̣һʹʥųֻʮµķɽ룬леľƵ׶εϹ꣬ʱã˥ǸʱȴѾ׼սʼ𣬸ʹʥڴ֮ã뿪ĿıҪƵ飬λǷֹΣ˼磬Ϊ˼磬ԼĬĬ
һˣл˵ΰģ
Ҫ֪ϹļģΪϹѪȴΪ˼ĬĬػ
ʶϹлһǳӴ˻ʵˣҲϵѰңԴţԲңûټлΪϹѾˣûĻ޷޷ѰϹ츳һߣȻǳɾͷǷͷӦûκεŶԡ
ǱʶУл϶Ϲͳͫʹʥ߳Ŀţδʥǿı
뵽ϹȻǵħˡ
Ѿͷ磡
лһֱŪĸоˣζΪҾ治¶޲óȥϹһ٣ȻʳһС
ڣֻ̡
侲һ£ǻиҪ顣
лЦһ£۾ľָܿ״̬ɢȥһУв鿴
ԺгֵϹ꽻Ļ棬ÿһ̣ÿһϸڶǰգ˿
һ꣬δٴȴѾԡ
ˣĸол൱Ĳˬ
ҲΪž޲ľ֮У鿴˴ͷΧǿߣͬʱҲǿΧµһЩطѰЩ塣
ܿ㷢˵ĵط
Щͷ·ŵҵĵطһټĿռ䣬ػļҲڤڤػߡ
Щͷλõ׵ĵطл˵ԿǷԳͨ衣
Сġ
ûиȥĻ׸ˡ
׸ٶðеץ
лʩչ˵صĵȻŨأҲ谭İһ±û¡
Ҳ֪ܻע⣬Ͼǰ˴ͷΧһΪֲ˾ͷһܹԼѵġ
ֱ׵ĵطǰȥ
ɸ֪ܶǲ̫ģлҲȫģֱʮ׵ĿռڣһжӲĹ۲⣬ЩͷǣҪɱ¾ģɲʲô֮Ķ̸ġ
ܹһ㶫Ҳ
£ҵȰ֣ս죬ˣαǸûκġ
ˣǺǣһ벻˭ˡ
ºαأԽΣԽ֤ҪĿµĶ࣬Ѿвǰ˸½ͷҳˡ
ǿߵĵ̫ˡ
˵꣬һɰѹȻͷų
ǺޱͷţԲǧڵĿռֲ̳ɵ𶯣ǰ˴ͷܵӰ죬ʩչֿǿֲѹԾ޷ȶѸٵ˳ȥ׵ľ롣

һʹͷЦ
£㲻öʹãӱ¶ѵ㲻֪ʹƸҸҶ϶ܵĴ˼Դ
ҷҲһ£µѹֻͷų߳ɣҲ˵ǲ˵ĻʵʵӦ޵оͷģһֻܹһ֮ڽǰ˸ȫģȴֻزֻ˵֮ҪĻҪһǧֹĹĵ
ǿһ벻㾹ȻǴʦͷãܺãʱԺ󣬵һĴʦӦǷıܹڸǴʦݣ鿴ҵʵǶ֪ǿǵˣҲĬϣߺߣҪһˡ
ʹͷǸ֪µݡ
ĹȾͷ׷ͶĿȥ
ȷʵ֪
Ȼˣ㲻˵ȻҲܲ鵽ġϹ˵
һڣǿߵŭǷħҵļһָоһשͷϹ꣬Ŀı֪ҵݣԣҲң˭
ϹЦҽϹꡣ
ƨǿֱˣϹѪᣬڵѪȴ겻ϿɣϹˣģ
⻰𺳳̶ȶл˵֪ǿǰɫ޵мͷ
ȻϹꡣ
Ǳģ
ô˭Ϲ˼ģҲ˼ɵĶᣬضҲ˼ˡ
ٺ٣޵мͷǲҳͷ֮࣬ϴϣûаأںһ֮ѪһкܴõѪеġϹ˵
ǿĵǱɣ㱾츳ܹﵽͷѾˣܴﵽ߲ΣȻѪɵɱ䣬˳ɾ޵оͷǱ
˼벻ɡϹЦĵ֮󣬷ѪҲԵõ崫УᱻѪƣһá
ǿЦ̫߹ԼˣܹɹҲֻΪϹӦѾ׶βŶԣڵѪѾϡ͵ͼˣѶᣬֻǶȡһǣûϣܹ֮Ǳֱ޵оͷԭ֮˵츳Ǳ֮ϣѪԵʣԲŻ˵ġ
⻰˵ļϹɫеѿ
Ǿ䱻ϹǱԶ֮ϣǶķ̺ڿࡣ
ǱΣǱҶᣬΪҵ۷̤ʯϹЦ
ǿЦûлˣΪһɱ㣡Ȼһӱȥ
Ϲ꼱ٵĳһѷħᵵǰͷ֮Ҳһͼ
ͼлһ֪˭Ϲ


2247  ж
ͼա
ԲεģȼŵĻ棬ȥͬ滭ȥģϵħҲͷųȵϢ
Ϲ˫ֺὣǰз⵲
վĹҲʩչһ̶ļХƿնȥǿߡ
ͷҲ׷׳֡
ȻϣĹͼϹ걻ɱһǱɱôǿ߾пߣһߵĻֻҪָעǵ֣֮˼ұϾ޵мͷֻҪָɺɨһеġ
ԲͬӪҲҪ֡
͵ǵصĺɱȥ
ߣΪҸǰҷǹģ֪ԽˣԽ϶ҷӲھǸۣǿЦ
ߴͷַɱ֮Уһ¼
䣡
ֲɢߴͷĽڽڰˣǵĹҲڰһӱݻ١
ǿֱȥ
һµĺɫڹ㻯һɫԲмϹħ
أ
Ϲ걻ѪҲˣ˫ͻͻĲȻܵ൱Ĵˡ
ͷǿͣɵö⡣
ǿɲ಩пܸ۵Σա
ҲҪƭˣ֮أԳǵ󣬲ȻĻ޵оͷȫһѵֻܵ𣿡Ĺȵ˵ŻȻʦǰһ㡣
䣡
һ޴ʮ׳ľ޽ƾճ֣ݺݵն¡
ػ֮£ǿڵĺɫħһɢǿ߸Ƿһƺߣ߰ʮ׵ľ롣
һ£еľͷҲ϶ǿߵٶɱȥ
һսʼˡ
лǰ̾һ벻ϹǰǱ壬ǰ黳ǵħ֮еأǿɲ˼ĺƽġ
ǼϹ꣬Ҳȷݡ
˵ȷлû뵽һˡ
ǽ׷գ
Ľ׷ս˶ƭˣʲôΪ񣬱ʥǿַɱӸ
ǶǼٵģƭ˵ģĽ׷ѾǰϹ壬Ϊ뿪ʹʥ
Ʋ˼飬ʵϸ룬ûʲôף׷ǰĳ׿ǧǰ櫱ʹʥնɱʱս룬밲ڽ׷ոڵĵ㣬Ǹһıڽ븴ǿ̶϶׷ҪʵǶ
˵櫵һıνɺϰġ
л׷գҲ뵽롣
ܹƣѪӡ֮³ɾսʾĵһˣƺѾʧ֮˰ɡ
ȥʲôط
ǱˣҪģ츳̫£ֻҪûȷеţֻСģ˵ĳ֣пԾͷ֮ġ
Ϸսȷˡ
лһģȥ̫עɽ·ȥոյطͿǷ˽ܵսľҳѺۣѾƿԵˡ
ûг֣ñǿ߸Ӧ
зأٶȸϹȺ˲Ƭ̣ǷˣǺɵؽŵĵ¿ռ䡣
˵Ǿ˹ġ
ܵǽţеС
ûйԣбԣĴսӰ쵽ģ˵ؿ϶ǿرصĶ鿴֮󣬱жϡ
лЦá
ʱش˵صĴڤĴڤػҲӦл˵ĵˡ
Ĵڤ㶼ͨ켶λɫ꼶𣬶ĴڤػȴǰͷģȻڤǲܴﵽͷģȻĻǿ߿϶ˣϾıֿǾڤġ
е鷳Ĵڤ̫ǿڤڤ޷ٻսĴڤػ߶ǰͷҲԶԿü
ҰɡлЦһ֣սռ䡣
԰˴ǿߡ
˴ǿߣֻҪԸĴڤɣʣµĴڤػȻҪڤڤˡ
˴οǴһڤйһֻ̤ͷľʮóһּܾĸڤػߡ
𣡡
ǿǸڤػ߷һ˻γɵͬεһ㣬ֱӺɱл
ɣڤػ߾Ȼʹ
лٶŪһ㶡
Ҫ֪ڤػ߿ûѪ⣬ûģֻǾѪɫͷڣԴȪ
ô
λģ
ӿȣǾͷɫ˼ҺܿûзӳȫʵӦÿǽɫ꼶ġ
Ӱ͸ÿһ䡣
лһţû¡
ǿȴ޷ûµģֻܳŵĿռڣڵһѭڤػԶһڤ
ಣ
һ´ӵ³ɱ
ҵĽ
ڤոӦͱлһնɱˡ
ˢˢ
ڤڤػҲٶ趯ѹǽɨâˡ
л΢΢һЦһΧڱһĲ
սռ䡣
ա
ǺĴڤػߺڤʼѰϢƾǶϢУҲǺ޷
Ƭ֮ǱԻع鷽վλã³
Ψڤεš
ǵл֮лһսռһ
Ĵڤػٶȳ춯
Ӧлһץһսռֱͣӽڤսռˡ
ڤ̷ɱ
Ȼͨ켶λɫлֽ񵶵ֶڤһư˳ȥ
ת޼
лں޼ƺֻصĳ޵еĶ
˶֮ǿܱ鿴磬ûжܹ֮ģʮ߱Ľսϣ;ס
һֱԼ׵תŵת̳֣ƺ̺ȴ
أأأ
ڤֳҲֻת̵ĲͱС
лע֮£ڤУ㱻һ˺ˣһŴ
ּͨ켶λɫʵлΪ˷ܡ
սռ䣬ٶ
Ĵڤػ춯ʼ
лùǽǰһ㡣
ĵ
ĸڤͬʱһ൱ڰͷ۷壬ͷɫģֱĴڤػߡ
ǽɫɫ꣬ɫԽɫꡣ
ʤһѹơ
սûһʼĴڤ㴦ھԵƣɱĴڤػ߽ڽڰˣϵĹ岻ϵرϡ
лҲȥᣬתǰȥ
ӴĿռڣһֱԼʮҵľ޴Բε֣һƬ
ԱߣһЩڷš
Щƾ֤Ķѷǣÿһ߹ı涼ŵĺɫħ˸ţлʥɵľжϣЩóһǶǽӽػʥ弶ܾ߱ʳ̶ȡ
ڤҪĹ塣


2248  ǿݣ
ڷ˹ǽڵڤûεĿ飬һ͸¶Ҫȥѡ뷨
лȻ
ڤڤͳͳǼսĴڤػߵĴڤǼ״̼ӿٶȣ¾ͽڤػȫնɱҲ˹
һڤȻȴؿл
Ȼûлǲ׳֡
㣬ǾԼѡǡлЦ
һڤһϡ
ڤûκεĶվһԣĹţЩȻܺãȴҪõǾɷ塣
ү˵صĹŰ֮ضǱǿߴģӦñȱϿȥڤǳ֮ģ֪үô䡣ڤѯʵ
䡣л
ڤԣһү
ڰ֣л֪˵ʲô޷ǾЩ徫Զҵ֮ģȷɣЩ壬ȫ飬ľҶûκεô
ڤ۲ɵȻ
лóǽ䣬֪ҪùǽǣʵҪһģǾǱʥ֮Ѫſԡ
ʥ֮ѪڤȻ֪үѾǴ˵еʥˣ
ţҵİʥɣͲһ̤ʥ塣л˵
ˣڤ֪λԶԶ
ǿѾڤ۳װݷ
ڤھŰٶ߹ѡʺԼģûںϣҲ֪иҪû˶СԵĿռָ
ʣµİ˰ٶ廹
ڤ۱֣еĹռ
ɷƺл˵̽ûзνɷ壬Щġ
Ӧаɡڤһָǹ֡
л״򽫹ǽ
ڤڤ׷׵Ļعǽ
ǵиΪֲڤʲôѪɻ֮ĶǾͿԾȣʧһڤġ
лб֤ȫ
ņ֣̀ͷһ˹ȥ
أ
ܵҵ𶯣ʼ
ѿУ֮ɱǿӦ
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Ƶʱ򣬶Ȼ֣һģӰʮƮɶʮ׷Χֳ̳֮Ŀ
˺ȻǸոߵʦͷĹ
ԼԼףͱ۸̽ˣǳϵĺëܿõ
۹ȻˣлɵĴϲ
Ĺʩչ˵ܹۿƣӦַֻͨ˵أ櫵ʱ򣬲ͷл۱ûܿǲ߼ء
ĹʩչȻرˡ
ȴȻ˾룬ͱлˡ
Ҳ˵Ӵ֮л֮£ûκεˡ
һ֣л鲻ɵôãҲӵˣ۵÷ҲԺֳ
۷õĻɱ
ԸӦһֶʩչ֮ǲɵ÷һ˿Ц⣬Ǳ仯ɲһĴ


2252  Χ
עĹ𲽵Ŀھ˵شԼ׵һɽۣ֮̽ûƶ֮лŽսռ䡣
лٶƸӵǿҡ
ǷݰģǶӵԡͷ˾ͷ˵Ϻܴġ
ʱ˿̵ľ棬ԾǶ״̬
ͷ˾ͷѾָͩǵƶѾҴﵽ۷״̬ɾˣͩҲǿŷ˻ڤǿڤ۶ƽְˡ
ڤжپʮΧ
߿֮Ǿ޴ĺɫԲԾɴڣսѾβʮڤΪڤʨҲʤȯա
лƮȻ
ү
ڤڤǹͬʱǻоη
Ŀ̫лû¶ƸʢƺΪٿ̫˽׷գѾɱˡ
Ǿηмˡ
Ǳֵĺܲл
ڤƮɽǰүôͷͩѰ죬໥ģܹ˴˱֤
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Ը壬ѡ
Է壬Ǿ׶ˡ
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Щżˡ
ſǷطʮΣÿζǱڤڤָϾʵ̫󣬻һڤܹʤ֣ͩҲռݵϷˡ
лǣе㿺ܡ
ľԲޱȣԾ޷ƣû취ܹڤڤзǳϣնɱͷ˾ͷȡǵľͻ澫ͩṩĻ澫ôҺ̬ɫҲﵽһǿزƱؿܳͷ۷ġ
ʣܲ˷
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ܷǣʲô𡣡һ˾ͷˡ
лȻĹѾˣƱػ˵ȥҲûʲôҪҲ޷ҵɫʮ׶ġ
ʮ֮ϵĻ棿˾ͷ㵵
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֪лжϴͷ˾Ȼһ˻Ȼͩ׵ϣȻ˲仯Ϊҽͩ棬ʹͩգۼչ֦Ҳٶ
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ڤҲûˣʵǿӲǳһٶལȴòҲ¶л;ͷ֮޴Ĳ࣬һһٶལһֻǿһжѡ
û뵽ǾȻ˸ңѡԳȫͩԺΪŲʷʹã֮ǿܹڶŲʷˡڤ˵
лҲͦεġ
ʵ̫ˣͷ˾ͷѡҲͩߵġ
λɫͷɫ֮䣬ԾλͰͷľ޴డڶ֮ء
ǰ·Ǻ
ͷ˾ͷҲջܴ
˷ж˴ͷֻĹһߣͳͳɱҲʹ壬Ųʷ˺ԶͨʧˣǼܹڰһЩͷҲ޵ĺܣͷҲ˽ǵģϾƷǰġ
лҲʱ̹עĹ
ͷ֣˿ͷ֮ѡ˾͵ʩչռ󷨣ˣȻûκεֶʩչ
леʧΪĹ͵Ϯ֮ġ
ڤۣеڤл˵ͷɱǺӦ׷櫵ĸףͳħ磬Ʊػ񱨳ģ벻֮󣬾Ϳħɱָǲֹġ
򵥣ڤʵ֪гһ⵽ΧˣҲ󷨣ֻҪγɾүľ֮˲ôӰ죬ͳͳ޷ڱ֤ƽ͵ģսٱҪĻұ֤޻ءڤЦ
лãҲɰĴڤˡ
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գ˷ܵص
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лľһ
Ҫ֪Ѫħ˼Ƶʱ򣬷Ӵõģԭǵķֳٶ̫ˣ̫ˣֱӾܹʮսʸ߰˸ģǸʵ棬òˡ
ѪħԼһЩѪħǿ֮߳Ѿû̫ˡ
ѪħҲֻǸոλ磬ҺܾܿʹֹͣףҲ˵Ѫħʧȥá
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ûЦЩѪǴ֮Ѫʨ֮ѪӦû޵оͷѪУѾΪܹħ޷ޱһѪţһ£ЩѪ˵ѪħӦаı죬ǵδɾҲ޷ǿһǳɳƾһɨһˡ
лԣܲѡ
ڤҲ״ʶʥǵδǷǳϣġ


2253  
óһɷ彻ڤۣ˵ҷͨоɷ巢֣Ҳ²ⲻĻڤӦʨڤģǱһǿߵ꣬ٸɷ壬֮ͨѪһЩʱմģٹ磬ڤĿıȫƹ磬ڴгһܹԻ͡
ڤǱʨڤ鴴ģڤ۳Ծĵ
лҲΪȡ
˭֪ڤʱܹϺŵĳͷȻôһ˼
ҸĶϹ屦ڵĶɷȵȵóĽۣдġ˵ӦǵһͲʥһ壬ǰɱͷĲֲл꣬ˣҽһЩѪҲӶ˺ܶ࣬ʱеĸߵ£еĵ͵£Գ֣˺ܶǿߣЩǿ߰зչ˵ʥ֮ĳǰ൱ǿ֣߳ҲҪ̫ȣʨʬ屣ãγڤ飬ɣԶɱĳһڣһЩѪǿߡ
лڤ۲ɵõһ
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ڱǸżһֻؽ˫Ҳ׷׵ĳʵǾ׵ģǴˡ
ԽԽáл֮󣬲ɵЦ
ڤҲȻ
뵽һ㣬ʥȱٵľʱ䣬ԽңǾԽǺע⵽ʥǣиɱƽ׸ʥѸٷչ׳ʱˣ紫˵ʥǱɳʱӦǸƴɱˡ
ڵ˵Ҷ϶׼ңżֻؽƴȫֹħħƴɱ
ǸпƣҲȻǳ˵ġ
Ŀǰ˵ʧľͷʥǷĲм˴εİ˴ͷлɱİ׷գҪôǱʨڤɱҪôڷ˹֮ģСսŨľơ
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⻹ʣ϶ڤģڤʿٹ磬ΪһۣƱʱռĺöΪġлùоһ£ȷǵڰöۣ˾ʣһ塢öδۼˣȫ룬ʱΪˣҲɷνĿˡ
ڤ۵ү˵ûڤռľͷѪл֮ģ䶯жԵĹرԹ
л׿գڤҲñĨɱ˰ɡ
ڤ޵оͷڤǰҲ޷ڤӦͱɱˣڤ֮ġڤ˵
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Ϊ׵ڤүҲڤѾҵƵڤ֮ġ
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ڤ֮Ĵ֮κεطĵطڤһ磬ħ磬õħ籾Դ֮أӶħĵħƾǿһԺħ֮ٶҲƽġڤ۽͵
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Աͻؿռܰȫ
ۣڤ֮ģʨʬȵȣҪõġ
뵽ԼʵǾټȥ׸ˣѾ˼ƽϣͷ磬ٳˣ׸֣ýܴܲˡ
УҴǻعȥ
ڤۣҲҪںϹ壬ص֮л
ڤ۵Ȼ
Ǵһϵе顣
󷨣޷룬ڤػ˵أڤۺڤ뿪Ȼپ߹壬ڤϣڤǡ
Ǳˡ
лգδ櫷ش˹뿪ˣͨǿʢ۲鿴ȷûʲô©뿪
ȥаսء
Ѿ뿪ǰǱͷˡ
лԶɱڲһǿʢĵطʼʮ֮ɱвһͨ켶λ֣ѯ֮£֪淢˾޴ı仯
̶ʮʱ䣬仯ǹģԶͨ¶оͷıָ˰ɡ
Ϊˣͳ˧ֻؽɱżһսնɱżʮͷشɫĳͷδصķ褸սսδֺİȻߣһ̫͹̶̳ˣ̫͹֮ǰԶͨˣȻ㵽ڲȫĻָ۷״̬ﵽɫ޵оͷС
ҲģȻ֮ϣҲżʮżеٵżżǿνǾ˰
ʧҲǳܷΧڰɣϾʱڳ˯Ѿѣعż֮ڣԾǿģǵħͶ壬˽ˡ


2254  ټֵ
ңͬҡ
лϣķչȷչҲʥǵõʵݣǱͻƣȻûκǰǶˣΪǻиҪȥɢȥسֵֶʱ˯ǿߣҪعżʹñɱǱԶͨѡż
Ч
Ųʷ˺ƹ֪ԶͨĿ£ݣΪʲôҪ֮أԼˣԼȥ˰֮Ĺûô򵥰ȻĻγԶͨͷֹżŲʷ˺ƹϷ붷壬׼ˡ
׼ҷ棬Ӧǲûƹ췽淢ͻֻǱ˴˶ǣţǶȻҺͷֹ֮£ͷǰģǵ䵽˰ɣҪٶ𣬳ǳ漣ˡ
ͷҲǹյģҪعռ磬ȴûȥԶɱˣʹϣݻħعʱ꣬ȴҲħʧذոħɽͷħȻش½ͷҲа׷յħʧذ
̶ʮգлڲսռԶɱʱˣƫƫ޸֪սռ֮⣬ҲܰӰĹؼ
һЩ飬Ǳ仯ˡ
ÿһʱ򣬶ǵǳˡ
лһ£ǰȥԶɱڵĵħܲ
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һҪġ
ڿռҶЧѣ
ѰһЩȻһΪҪĿģ߼Ҫ̽һЩڵħǸħʹıεĿġ
ħħɾ;ͷնħսսħ꣬ЩѾ֪ħʹıֳһȣԾ͸¶ظУ˸оǵĿԶûô
ħԶɱܲλвλãڶ
лһ·ǰȥ
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Ĺֵ²𾳽磬ʱ䣬ֵµٶͬ櫵һѸ͡
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߸Ĵͷɫǿߣʾֵµ൱Ĳ򵥣ħѪҲɾ;ͷͷ⣬ʶõɡ
ʱһɽڣø߼硣
Ĳͬ
Ѿ㲻Ҫ˵ˣҲ㣬ˣ㲻ͣҶֹɱˡ
δħľǲӦðҲкܴĻᣬΪ˱֤ܹٷְٳɹȻү롣
²ܹڵľƣҲ֪ħڼȻرעˣż˴ǰδеشͷô࣬ǶἱűȻҪǣʱ³ޣҪԶͨͷǷѣ£ټ룬мĿܣ˶ʧܵġ
ħ˹һҪǸصĴۣ
ڵħܷ
㡭
Ҷħ˻ɣǾˣˣͷԶͨǷҿصľͷעţһͷ˵ʲôʥǵĿռ磬ʵû뿪ԶɱһֱţȻоħ˹һЩܿѾգȻĻԴ̸ԣԲʹֵģҾħô޵оͷҲΣհֻԾȣұ뼤ħѪҲֻȥǸطˡ
ԭ뵽ô࣬³
̫ˣҲ㣬ֻǴΣأܼļʶܲɣǲ֪ǻô갲Щܷڹؼʱ̷ãܷһãħؽʱħʹֶΣǵħƱؽҪɨ磡
ǵĽ̸леЩˡ
ǾͷȻɱ֮ڣĻǿľΣˣ˾ͷ̫óˣ䲻֪ʲôӣǰֵġ
лҪʱ뿪Զɱ뷨
˵ħʹ棬ڽеˣԶͨͷ褣ؾͷֳƻأ
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ǵҲǣϾħʹһ֪ҵħغҪġ
ǲҪħʹʲôǸҲֻ֪дħ֪櫶֪
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Ҳ֣ƻħ趨ģôȻ⣬˵Ҿãǿܰħڵսսħл꣬Ҳһ˵ǰˣ밡ħ˽أѵûдûлĴ㣿
˵Ķԡ
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л˵ݡ
ЩԻ޲ħʹıȷиεãǵħܹԺɨʱϾһħ岢Ҫ֪褣Զͨͷ֮Կġ
Ҳ֤ʵл֮ǰõһ²⡣
ҵȷһصľͷλڷҾͷ֮ϡ
ֵ´Ҫȥɱһأ˼ƺҪǴصĽسͷ磬ǿٳɾأҪҪиȥأл°ͣȷеĶˣܹٳɾ;ͷ˭밡
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ţ˲ȷ̫ˡ
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߶ȡҲʵ˼ҿĴɫİͷء
ˣֵҲɲʲôлһ£Ǿһ죬пܱͷֵΣգ뿪˵رȽϺá
뵽صͷлǻ˱ԶͨвҪĶĶࡣ
̫ˣͲ֪ʱεسǰоǷֽţƵԶͨȡ׵İ֮׵ľһפȿֲ顣
лǾ뿪
ֱȥ


2255  Ѱ
֮󣬱뿪Զɱ
һ·ۿҲϢΪϢɱһЩʱ䣬ʱ߳
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һˣ˴˾ܵ棬ŪģΨоͷǣ°˭Ҳֻ֪ᷢЩʲô
һ·򣬴ȷѰĻ֮ڵʥɣȫԳ֮ܰ׵õ֮ˡ
ǰдԼһСʱһսлע
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ͬΪţìܣƺҲӦ˰ɡ
Ҫ֪ʧ˾ͷ˹пˣľͷأʵѷɫĴҲԾǶģ˼ƳĺöడҲǸʵġ
ܿ죬лʹ֮ŭ֪ԭ
˹̹ȻǾˣǵ޷ѹƣҲûʱȥǣΪѾĶţʱ⵽ӶģʶŶȥϽ
ܸиԭɣлʲôܣ
ȻܿܶҺôҲʵһѰɡ
Ѱ֮ǵ̵ģΨдﵽͨ켶ʩչڻûʹùأ԰ɣ˳㿴ɱ̫֮˶١
лűٹȥ
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һУܹðͷµǿߣ֮Կ
ֵǰְ֮ϣ̴ڵķ߶ս뾫͸ԷʶУȻʼͨʶԷĶ䡣
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лϾַ裬ⷽҲûʲôоֻؽЩ䣬ΪȫҲʩչսռ䣬С
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꣬лɫˣ㾹Ȼڳͷ֮˵ӣϧǸɾô͡ժ´˵ĿռָԼĿռָͳͳȻ˵װͳͳԼϣ߲࣬ȫģˣҴȥɡ
˵ͷųɫ𣬽ճɻҽ
Ȼлٶȡ˹̹֮˵ļ䣬Ҳûʲôջ޷Ǿ˹̹֮ѵԭǹͬҵһżȴ˶ѡ
սռ䣬лתƷǰڵħפطȥפλϷ
лһϵװֻ¶۾Ҫ뿴Ҳˡ
µĿռָﵹûʲôֵעĺöȴһż
ҪͶң⵹һõĻᡣ
ҵİ֮ɱ¶Ͼע⣬ӶʼΧѰҵģйôͷҲȻҸӵļǺޣð⣬ܳû̽һЩ鱨
ңңΪŪ֮һԶֻͨؽҶ̫⣬ңΪʲôôΪʲô޵оͷȴ˵ԶͨԼ⣬أ
ло̫ԡ
Ǿȥ
ԼۣӦܹõһЩġ
ıг̣ݣǰȥפء
ͨȡļ䣬л֣ȷûеͷǾгͷİͷ۷ǿ֮֮࣬ûгͷ磬ûа취ʼǸ磬һܹ⣬ܹɾ;ͷˡ
İͷ۷֮Уĸ׹ƣǲʮ˵ġ
Ҳ˵ʮѾ߱ͷǱʱܳɾ;ͷϡٵľͷпڽĳһ죬һӴﵽ۷壬ҲֻǾͷɫĳˣɫͨͷģɫĳͷָ޵оͷǲᳬһֵֻ
ƴѰܹİ취
ֻҪܹ̾ͻ൱ĺɫ꼶ľͷ
ǵľƣκһʱ˵ģΨе鷢κһǿʱܱһӵȡֻҪҵİ취ˡ
׽͸ľơ
лŵõϣŷפطȥ
פĿⶼڵħ磬ȻҲ⣬Ͼħ֮£飬ҷҲģ֪Ļǣ˷ڴ˵ǷҾͷߣҴ˷֮ǰ˫ҲйνǢʽȷ˫ص㣬ʽ̸ҵˡ
лפǰ㱻˵סȥ·
ֺ֮Ҳû飬˵֮£פڣŵפأ洦ɼĸ֣ۿ֮̽£ֲԵħǿߣҲѾͶңΪҵ
˵һͶδ
ûãһԺ
۹۲ΧԺжϣ˱ԺҪģԺҲֻ˶ѣǰˣſڣˡ
лҲ֪ӦǷҵ
һԺص𣬳ϣ˵ڼ䣬ܵĿҲ֮ɼѹ
һЩλ߹õַ
ͨϵѹ̸֮ѯʳһЩҪ֪飬ڲ㶯Ѱķֶ֮Ρ
ǰݼȨ֮ˣһżлȻǲ⣬ľԲޱȣҪһЩӰ죬ֵܳģƽӦԵͬʱһ˵֮ˡ
˾ȻֻǸͷ


2256  ϷŪ
ͷӼ
л̷һ˿ɻĿ壬Ȼڿûоͷɾ;ͷҲ٣ؼǺɫһ壬ݣλӰǳĴתͶҵĻڷҶԣҲŷǷģǱȻʮӡ
û뵽ȻֻǰͷӼ
Ҵ˰ͷΪƽƽֻǰͷɫ꣬ɫҲǺʾոտͷһ꣬綼ûȫȹ̡
ҲʸӴ
˵ĻҾ͸޳ҪˣлƺóŶԡ
ҲǼʹ氡ͷشӷ߳ƮӸµĿлһʢ˵ӣôǵ岻ҪǷңȡ֮ôһء
лһʱˡ
²Ǵ˱Ժˣǳ뿪ģҾ˵̬ȣƺǶǳĲˬԹƵģԼģԷйĲˬ
лɵĿʹˡ
룬εȴ£Ų˽Թխأܽͷ磬˻ɣǷǽǿ̤ġ
ͷ£ľҪ󲢲ֻҪܹȹ̱ɡ
Ҫͷľ
һľԽթգ޳ܣǾԲؼխˣľԶ޷ġ
ǰл⡣
ǰǿͬҪǰƺңҿɵ𣬵ȻˣҲ㣬˭̫޴츳أɲͷͷһ˲õӡ
лЦڡ
ȡļȻ֪ȷܱʮ꣬丸ȫ֧£ҲֻǴﵽزҲˣʵܵرãеλôߣ˴γҲΪעģ˹̹ĶѾ˷ǳ𱬵ʱ뿪̫עġ
ˣͷ֪Ǹʲô
Ҳڷǳһࡣ
лǿѹŭӣĿ˸⣬ĵҴҪݼҾͷҪµģ²Ҫ֣ҵĺ

ͷЦָлҺҲǸ˭ҷɱ㣬Ҳ˵ʲôɣΪǸ˸ײ㣬㵱ͨϵӵܶԴ飬ǲ֪𣿾Ȼ˵ʲô˺ٺ٣ھͿǲ˵˺
䣬ˢһ±лĽǰ
ʵлɲҪҺ̬ɫ𣬶ܹٶƸɵ
ڼٰһûʵˡ
ﷴĻܱܿҴݣ˵ؿǷصأзҾͷڣһʶƣǾˡ
лƵĵ˺ͷ֮ľ롣
Ҫʲôлȵ
ʲôҪѵ㣡ͷЦ̧־һȹȥ
ʮ㡣
׼˵ԳܣһƵĻͿعݣûıò
Ƕ㿪ĻЩϳ
Ͼ˫źܴĲġ
лüͷһ壬ھᣬ֮ȴͻأһˣƾճֵһǾͷʮ׶޷ǰ鿴ĴڣȻǴʮģٶ̫죬޷ǰ׽ġ
һ֣лһŵӣǱˡ
Ƶ֮ʣһֻס˰ͷ
ͷڽǰ
л۾Ȼֻǿ׽˵нٶȣ̫ˣ쵽ǰ۶ֻǿǰй켣޷ǰԤ֪ʲôط
һʾ˵Ĳ
÷ͷĵ
ŭη
лҲ͵͵Ĳ鿴˵ɫѣһ֮£ɵüӿ죬ⷴΪĻҡ
˵ȻǽɫмŽ֮һҪһЩİɫ㡣
Ѿɫ޵оͷһ󲽡
˾ԲǷҾͷߣҲӦ紫˵ķҵؾͷΪؾͷ磬֪ģҪԶ׼ңʶ޷
ңɲ⣡
лǿٵҲƽϢԲڵľܿ侲ҾͷҲԸ壬ƺҲ˿ɣʣʲô˼
ǸᡣҾͷĵ
᣿лЦͿңҴ壬ǾǿԽȫ̤ǵϣҲգǿʢҪ¸ǡ
˵תߡ
ȾıҲ÷ҾͷǰһΪǸû뵽ȻҲмֹе⡣
Ҿͷ
лվΣ߰ͷҲ
ȴǴҷҾͷתͷȳǸ
ͷﲻʣȴΥǰͷ޳ĵԲֻ㿪Цġ
лҲ֪ܹ֣Ͼ崦ڷǳơ
Ҿͷ
ͷݺݵصлһۣ뿪
ıӰʧԺҲֻʣлҾͷˣķԱˡ
Ժġ
Ҿͷ˫ֵĵˣʲôҪ¡
šлǷżó
ҲҾͷζһżУ֮󣬲û˵ƺڿǡ
л򾲾վһԡ
ͶңûȤ𺳵Ƿصʵ֮ʵǳ
ǰͷǽɫɫľͷ˵ʱͷû٣޵оͷޣλлкܶǸոմﵽɫ꣬ûʲôսͱɱġ
ôôһˣǷζŷһεľͷأ
еĻǾ͸ֵûˣΪʲôʼԷҵȫͳһģǸص޵оͷǿ߳棬ɽһе˵ġ
αҪʹ壬壬׼Ҿء
˲ķң
ȥ㸸ףҪûʲô⣬Ҫ׾٣ֻҪ̸ˣһ֮ڽһ⡣Ҿͷ
лֹʲôҪ󰡡
ϧ֪żǿȻᱻֵģҪȻɵģܹһҲǹǿģ̼лҪ֪ʲôҪˡ
һʵġл
šҾͷһż㳹׵ķˣ㸸׿˵ҪںʱεؼЭ𡣡
л˵ħɽʱзȷ
ҾͷǾһºĽɡ
ڱȥл
һСʱɣҲǷǸ⡣Ҿͷһָǰһž磬ϯһ쳣ŨĵħγɣԵģûаԣԵġ
л״Ծ̾棬ȻɾͲ
Ҳֻܱʾл߹ȥпʼ
Լٶȹ죬ֻܱͨĵΣȻлԣνĶͣû壬Ҳں۳鿴ʮ׷Χڵһвؼġ
۲ϵ
ܿͷһˡ
Ҷľͷߣ


2257  ۵Ĵã
ΪһֱҶȨˣڷı¶ߵĵλҲǼתֱ£ȻԾʮָߣȴѾûʲôȨˣ͵ס֪λҪлķҾͷѷɫһЩġ
˷ߣһЩɫɫľͷ
ҲǺܶ࣬ˣϷߺǰλפڵħķҾͷ֮࣬սˡ
лֹҵжپͷ
Ѿɱľ֮
ˣܲľͷҲӦ֮ɣһҾ;ʮͷ
˵дǺɫͼͷ˽ܣнɫĳͷ¶ĸ֮࣬Ƶģôôأ
˵
лԷҵʾǿҵĻɣһŲɸ˵Ŀģˣ
ţԾѰܹ鿴ĵط
ͬʱۿӸ߼ĸֶΣҲһЩ̸ġ
һһЩ̸ĻĶС
ϵܣͰɣȻĻɾǷûжٵλˡ
֪Ṳ̆ͷҲʱ䣬ﵽͻƱԵ൱һ·Ҫ߰һ֮ڵزģʲôŵرοҪˡ
ںһҪ÷ҵһأǴ̫ϧˡ
ûǸˣϸ磬һ֮ɾ;ͷһҪչСܰ
ǵĹϵһչ㣬ֻҲ֪οʮҪһصģͷģĸҪ˻ɾͨͷĵΣһҷҵľͷҲʹﵽһȫ¶ˣڻ᲻κʱҷұɺɨˡ
ҲڴǺ֣ΪʲôڷҪʵǵȫԲҪڳɨģֶ׸
ڵ뷨ɲܹȵġ
ߵĶԻһĽ̸ҲлĶС
˴νͷɫǿߡ
ǵ궼ɫģһɫл߸ɫĹ㡣
ԶͨغȻ޵оͷֻؽ統ʱͷ֮һɵģ벻
ףֻǱƲ뿪ңӴֻûпǵİˣߣ϶ܹ֪һ㣬޷ƶϳôҲܹ֪һģҪ˵ڣĴڣԼ֪
ڿɾͲܹˡ
ǰֻһֱһ£ʼո㲻ڵΪʲôҪô
ʲô£
ħʹı÷ߴͷȥƽ⣬˵̽ɷߴ˻ԣڳֻ߷ĪЦ˳ȫƽ⣬Ϊʲôƽ⣬ħʹڿǷҲء
飿
ţҲߴ˻ɣġ
˵ǡ
ʲô
ںħĳЭ飬ǿ˵ġ

ҪȣΨһģȻĻҷħʹڵɲ٣вͷƺһͷţΣյĻ϶ƻġ
ǵĽ̸лҲǰԸ̾ѡ
ڿģȫ¡
ȻҲ⣬һжΪˡ棡
ǰκε˶Ǵģһ߹˵壬˾ͽᱻļ̤
緽褡
ż⵽Զͨشɱħ£ԾѡԹѡԶ֣ͨвħȻжԾ˴˵ĶԹޡ
ļƻΪ֮ġ
ۿ̸̽ܽܶ࣬ʮעľֻǾ˵ز̫ԶͷɫǿߣǵĵλҲԲôߣἰȴлȤһ⡣
ǷҾȻôǿصҲ̫˰ɣҲûбҪΪ˻ʺ׼Ҿͷɱܲڣ൱ĴۣΪʲôڲ֣أ
˵㣬컹ء
Ϊʲôڲ˶֣ǵĳɥλҲڷһǧɰ
˵ʲôĻںαôôбҪ𣿡
ңҲ֪´ֻзĪЦܹͣǢʹأҪȥʡ
ңݶûʸ񵥶ĪЦˣҿ֪ȥʹ£ĪЦ˵һ䣬ڵʱ¶Ϳˣ˲ţҪŪͱĪЦ˸ɱˣǿǸͷ
лҲˡ
նɱһͷ
ĸôֻż棬пܶ԰ͷ̫ӣҲԲҪɱĵز
ֻһǾǷҵѾǿһ˱̬ĵز
ǿӰͷĴڡ
ǶԣΨоͷеõġ
̸ܽ͸¶һͬ㣬ǾǶԷ޵оͷ˴ĻǵĲ⣬ǲ⣬ҲͬĲ⣬ΪҪ̣ɵһͳ磬ȴ˻ᣬڵǿΪұ¶ʵŽˡ
ʣͬлƵġ
ؾͷԷ̶ȼһĵز뵱ɱҾͷõǵļʾǱ˴˶֪ͷĴڣһͻƴﵽͷ磬ͻᱻĵطԲܽǢ飬ҷ鷳Ҳ֪һͷĴڡ
˵̶ȣ̫ϳˡ
һ̶ȵأһȴڲϵذͷ
еһĶԻԿҴһνĵһأþȻܹһֻ̤ͷİͷ۷ǿ߿Խ˻ᣬһͻƣﵽͷ磬Զ׼顣
ǣͷɫܹ˻ɾ;ͷɫꡣ
˸е˼
ַӣ°ʱ䣬ľͷжʮ֮ࣿҲ̫˰ɡ
ЩͷпܻǾͷɫΪġ
ĵڶζԻеķ޵оͷħνЭ飬ûие̫⣬޷Ǿѣ⣬ʵ⣬Ǳ˴˼˾̫⣬Ϳ˭ǻ۸߰ˡ
лἰħʹڵ
ħЭĻôħʹڵķ˾;Բģġ
ħʹı
ǰζԻһ͸¶޵оͷһΪ֪ľ޴ı
лһҪռڷҵͳͳٽЩܹҳһ˿
ţٶȴ
һ˽ˡ
ˣлף֮һɫľͷĪЦҪģĿĵġ


2258  ҵĸ
лļпһŵģôǿ󣬶ƿصļ˼ķƿɲ٣лһȱ
ƽʥȫ緢չ
㿪ʼռϣгȴ֮⣬ЩܴھͷһҲڵ֮Уռе鱨ойڴ˵ϣлעһа峤
а峤Ϊ峤ͨ켶λɫ꣬Ҳа幫ϵţδɾ;ͷѡѱ¶İͷ۷ǿ߶ˣƲ壬аѾԼıܴһɫ꼶ľͷΪʲôͷ磬ȴûǳҲʼǸԣ˻ɣҲаΪ֮ľͷǷˣаδȷϹ
Ϊ壬аĵλҲ൱Ҳ൱ӰģǶ塣
ҲǱȾ
ǲ˵һ㣬ҵǿѾӹˡ
ǿķǰ·ʱܱһǵҲͿ֪а峤ܹĿĲԶ
ĪЦԾǵȺģζһЩ
ܹ֮һЩɾͶ֮£һľܹӰһԼһһЩ̬ȣӶҲͶãҶ̬ȣͬҪ
аͶôǱʾ岢ûôҪͬҲǶĿأҪԼʱ˫ħɽЭ̵ʱαˡ
лЦԼɵģϧǡ
ɫȻļ
ҲѡٰǰҪԭļж̽˳Լ֮⣬ͨģǵˣܿǵĿʶǷĪЦҪĿǵͬڶ岻츳̫丸ԸȥˣʶСȴ࣬л΢ױһҲ±֡
·ûпĵ
ʵʼչ۲š
֮͵ۣÿһζûӹע⡣
峤ˣҵܾˡĪЦ
ŷĪЦĺ󱳣󲻸˿֪˵ĵλڷ֮ϣǾͱΪʤߵģǰ£;һЩ鷳ж;лˡ
壿ĪЦԣֻһЦ֪ʮǰ޷˵𣿡
֪֪Ƹոձƽ⣬㴫Ϣ˵Ǳ޷˽ս˰ˣʧ˶һر˵
£лҲ֪ʵǱ޷̫󣬵λ̫ߣ֮󣬶ʧر˼ĺ䶯
ĪЦĵҵģȻͼҪҳ
˻
󵹳һѡ
лҲͷһĪЦǰ˵ǣѾʾˣ¶𾪱飬ǹģƨɡ
ɵðԳ
ͬʱлҲ֪ˣĪЦԼ壬ͬǸа壬Ͷ໥ѹƵģͬʱչֳԼʵ˫Ҫʵ㣬ҪΪжٷǷּۻۣʸ񲻹
л̾ĪЦϼ޻ֶθ߳ĺء
ǰ䣬ǰвǷ𣬿ɼδһͳ磬ָտɴԸΪǰ䣬Ч˵
͸ۣлǺķĪЦһĨЦȻνЧˣ廹δ򵹣ǾѾˣļôֵΣ
ҪҵͶһЩ顣
ţԸҷҹʢ٣ĪЦ
Ը⣬ġ
ĪЦҲãǾҷǩԼԸ⣿
ɫ΢䡣
ԼԼ̫ǿˣ޵оͷܵԼ̤񾳽磬ȻлҩָõƽʥҶĻҲǺлģȻҩָҲֻõʮսʼˡ
Ը⣿ĪЦɱû˿ı仯
룬ֻܴԸ⣬ԸǩԼԶͬ벻
ҼҪԼдҷҾءĪЦ
⡭ɫüѿͷðˣǰºͬ⣬ϾҲûжкˣԡ
ڰ֣ĪЦֻ˵˵ѣҪ󡣡
лҲǰЦѣԣڶ廹ûе֮ǰѡѣڷ˵ȷôǡ
ϾҵʵҪ
Ͳͬˣעģû˽ɫĳͷ֮׷ǵ壬ȻҲͬˡ
ǰЦˡơ
ĪЦȻһЦǴʱҷҺ
ʱֻȺǰһ仰
ţĪЦһĨ⡣
ɫƽ˿ûнŵӣӿռָóһᣬĪЦǰǵһ⡣
ĪЦ΢΢һüΣͨĶǱνرӵġ
ԣΨгɾ޵оͷؼ顣
ĪЦֽ˹ȥ𿪲鿴
ΣлҲ۹עҲ뿴ʲôܹţóĶܹ÷ĪЦ⡣
򿪡
ֵ︡ĵһ־лһ𣬾ǷĪЦɫ΢΢һ䣬е㼱
伲ĪЦ˫Ŀ˸貵ľ⣬ѣεѹ˫һڵϣģ
Ȼе㻳ˡ
Ͻǧȷ٣ǰҲûеƭء
ǴӺδĪЦ
һǰзֵһʱµżеõģΪ˻ͷش
ڷ˵ͷпޣ˵ǿǿʧһġ
ĪЦ󣬼ʵżʲôط
ԥĴͨ·׵һأܹһͨżͨǰţ̱ǰȥ֤һλͷʱǱУֵⷢġ
ţǿĪЦ
ǰֹΪҰͷ֮ãҵ츳̫ʵ޷аʶ˲͸ҲֻһƤëѡش
ĪЦͷˡ
˻һĨϲ֮ɫ
лҲò˼ȫ֪Ҷǵӡ󲢲ãԿóرеرӮ÷ҵĻİ
伲лȻĶˡ


2259  ̸
伲һֽͶ֮ޱȵųĸֶΣҲǶչԻͳ̶ȣ˼ʼûеõȫ淢չһͣΪʦĲڣʶ¶չˣͽӽĸûκεķչ
ֶܹκεʩչʱ򣬶ܹһʲôﵽʲôľ磬޵оͷѾԽ༫ޣ伲Ծɿٶһֶκ˵Ƕ޷ջģο֮Աϲٶȵģ׷ľǡΨ첻ơĪЦǡǡһ׷ߡ
ķҵһؼӰ١Ѿ뻯ҾԼĸ죬ﵽʺԼĵزǼ伲ļӳ֣ôڵʵ޵оͷҲδûһս֮ģȫսһصġ
ܲĶ
ĪЦ伲ҲζҵõϿɣҺܻܿᱻرĶԴٻ£ТʲôرұȻΪĪЦǰĺˣֽͶֵ֧֮ģɶҵķչҪ
а廹ڼʹ淽һף֪ǵĿģ֪ˣóĶԾ޷Ķ
伲аиεоҲ͸ģϾַſֻоͷܹ͸ġ
ϧĪЦôˣȻĻܹȻ޷ɴʥ˰
лֹѣ֪νżǷĶ
Ҫ֪伲ʱǺպİٴ֮һÿһֶǼӳһʮȵ
˵ܹл޷ԽսģֻǾָ߱ˡ
㡭ĪЦüͷһ壬̧ͷңԶʣĿڵȥԺɣе£ʱͲҪ뿪ˡ
лٶ̲ס̧ͷȥɿʼչĵͷסˣжǸ߿һۡ
̫ˣ
аܹУһϯ֮صġ
л˳Ժ
ǽڵԺ䡣
ԺӾһĳһŵҡ
λѡһң˵ҷפΨоͷʸĵط֮˵
ԣɵһ
лҲеȻĪЦǴ󷽡
ͷĵطȻṩĵħ棬ǳģٶȳġ
лѸٵɨһۡ
ȻͷռݣأһȻǷߣǸոսġ
ʶлģһ̵
ѡ˾ԶһңǰŷߵǸң˸Խ롣
̤Улеһȫ
ͷԸѵãܹ˵ľгʲô
ȴЩǽ֮һ󷨡
ûʲôˡ
󷨲Улĵص㣬֮̾ע⵽󷨵ȫתһ鶯Ϣ
֮
󷨾Ȼ˰ħıΪ֮Ƕ֮Ȼаˡ
Ŷô֮
л΢̷֮Ĳ֮ͬǴﵽһֺʵĵز
Ľս˵ҪһĴħܹתΪһֶĶܹһͲˣǽսĴۣҪʱ򣬷Ҫ̫ģ
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ֻҪ΢תΪսʵˡ
Һû˭Ķﵽʮϣⴿ֮ȫȫתΪԼĶ
ĻҲѹַҵľͷôˡ
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Ȼ۲鿴ȴû˹۲֮ҲóҶҷڣʼҶɢһ˿Ϣͳͳɣʶ˿ҲԷаģҲлܵĲҪﱩ¶Ĺؼء
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ûȫĿޡ
Ծʮ׵ķΧ
ԣ̽ҵΪҪҪ֤ʲô
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ż֮һӰڣɺӰ̫죬쵽л۾Ȼֻܲ׽һɫĹӰݡ
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ӰֱӱĪЦڵıԺڡ
֮󣬷ĪЦһ֣һγɣлûʱȥǺӰݡ
л̴߶ۣҪ͸̽˵̸
еǣԳԽЩνĸ߼Ȼ޷ȫ͸
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漴΢͸һ㣬϶Ľ̸洫ȴ
żֵĴҲ̫ȱȫ޷׵ʲô˼
˽̸СĽ̸ݺܿǹغռ飬ΪģУȻӰӣ͸Ծܹȷ˺ӰʵĪЦȻ¡
Ҳ֮һİɫ㣬޵оͷг̵ġ
ң֮ĳţðˡ
Ǹذ꣬ĿľҪʤʥǿƷչͦ죬˼ҵĲ໹̫ˡ
л뵽Զɱļš
żѵЩʱӳǱ׿ĸǣȻǿֻǾͷɫ꣬ǣ˭أ
˭ὫԼʵȫ¶ǲ
һ¶ԶֻһǿһģҲġ
Զͨأɱɫľͷӵ±ѣȥˣ֪ͬĸ֣Щ˶ص̫ˣֱó˯䣬ֵܷġ
޵оͷٶҲô
ǽɫĳͷŰɫĳͷľͷأǰϡٵġ
л֣ԽȥƺԽǷʥǵĲࡣ
ڽ̸ûгã㶼͡
ƺʼǶԷ뷨
л״֪ӰݣԷĪЦ뿪ԭǲ˱Ӱ֡
ΣҲʼ
Ҳ˷ֺûᡣ
Ǻ϶ģĪЦӰ̸֮п˵սҹû̸ס
лҲǳЧ
ɫӵİ׳㣬ȥɫ㲻⡣
ͬڽٶȣȷ൱ľˣҶṩ֮󷨣ҲǳԽ̬ġ
ֹʮ죬˵̸г˻͵ļȻЭ鲻Զˡ
л֮Ҳڳ˼ʮɫĹ㣬Ҳʼͨ켶λȫˡ
ĪЦ˵ļ̸ҲҪˣлҲǰļоϾڷңΣصģǽá
ʱһĽ̸С


2260  
˵֮˺ȻǸͷ
˸ûʹȫ±ȫ۲ĪЦ̸ел˵ĶԻ
ģǸôûг
Ҫżܿͻģ˺ڽм̸أ϶ͱ׵ȥˡ
ǵʱҲǣҪȥѵѵ
ɣǧ𣬴˵̸кεҪǱŵĻܻķ֮ŭģʱǿɾͲˡ
Ҿ̣ҾͲˣԶֻҪ뿪ҷפأҾ֪ҵҪĥٺ١
ȻҪʰҡ
лǰͷо˾ǸĴģڷҲܴҲҪʲôʱʱ̣ǴĻܿ϶ҲܣӶѡͶ
֮УǷҶ
Զͨͷħ褶϶޵оͷģͶһõɵģͷ٣δزѡͶģֻ˵ͷһǻңҼƻƻĴġ
ҪѵңҺβлȻðһͷ
Ľ̸Ծ̸УôҪһ̸ܹװɡ
˼ɣǷܹġ
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ͷǶǶԣڴս֮ǰϣܹܵԼ˵صľͷĥ˷ߺͷĪЦΪ̫֮⣬õϿɣԽһأȻӵķ
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Ҳй£û˻ȥﵷңǲѰ·
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ͷðҲûԭģǾǴ˰ͷݲһ㣬ܹڷĪЦıԺɳ룬ҵ֮󣬷ĪЦҲδǽնɱƱػ𾪶ģʱ̸еͿнһ˲䣬ɿӰĿͬʱҲ̽һ̸еݡ
˵ؾͷˣȴӰ֮⣬ܹɱҵġ
ͷǾˣаͷɫϵжʮ֮࣬ҪֵĻпܱǷ֡
Ȳʹսռ䣬һʹãǿռƱػᱻӦġ
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һҶͷųһ˿ϢȻ߶ʥ׵ļ֮ɢһߣýսȻһţʧ
ǽսϢͻͷųԵϢûĻ˶Դ˲ɵġ
ұиҲлܹҲǶÿһͷء
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ס˵ףлٶ֮ڣܹ˲Ϣ
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һȭ˫ȭ潻档
ЧΣǲ̱лãֱӷ£ۣȫȫ˼ٶ棬ӵ޵ĵزһع鵽ڣҲ˳ֽͷųļװȶ񣬼װſѸٵĲ鿴
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΢лԵ֣̱еİͷ;ͷǡ
лոȶ񣬱㷢һ˿΢ĲǸʧűþɨĸо
֪Ƿڲ鿴
ȻҲˡ
л赣ıֱ֣ĪЦڵıԺв鿴Ǹͷ


2261  
û˿ĲĪЦûԾ̬ţȻûʲô̸ܹеġ
ǸͷҲлԸп
пͷҲǸпԼսûдﵽþɫͷɫ꿹ĵز
һȭ˰ͷ˫֣˫ۣشѪҲ˶ѣԶأͷڵ͵絹һܳΪͷ͵ϮֶΣ˼ҸǱĳַ£δɱҲʾİͷɫǿ
ҵʵվѷɫһЩ
ͷͨ켶λɫֻ꣬һ֮࣬ҲѾľ࣬ҲΪʲôնһͷԭɡ
εԿ㣬ǰͷͨ켶λɫ꾳ʵܹߴ屶ϣҰͷǱرӵģʶĶҲãװҲգǶģʶǵսӦǿλɫ˱ϡ
ͷµľ磬ŵͨλɫͳ۷ɫֻҡ
Ҿ绮бûаͷһ˵ȴб仯Ȼ͵ģȻͷԭġ
лжԼʵ
İͷɫ꣬ҪʤҪﵽͨ켶λɫаʤ
Ȼþɫڱɱġ
ֻⷽվֻΪƵģϾܹȵʹãȵһ΢һ㣬ͿʧܣӶ
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лٶ
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Сʱ֮վ˸ڵıԺ⡣
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һһ֮䣬ֻһ˲ϢĹ򣬿ļûκεı仯
̫ͨͿģӰҲҪ˷ʱȥѰңһֱӰ
ǿ֮䣬ӰҲĺжˡ
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ͨĳ࣬ʲôֻ֮Ǹ˵ĸоʱڣÿһǰȻƻعȻı档
˵Ŀ㱻εؿӡĥ
ĪЦ뿪֮󣬱ȥͰͷ棬ԳָƣҲפطԲһķΧȫѰԱ
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ԼפڣȻ˵Ϊĳɱˣ޹⣬ȻҪѰֵġ
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³˽һʱ䣬ʲôû
ĪЦҲֻ򷵻رԺϾӰ̸ĿǰҪ飬Ҫһߡ
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һΣĪЦûг׷ԭľפأ鿴˭͵Ϯİͷ
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һðգ޹Ʊ÷ĪЦԿʼעˣϾżĸѾʼ½뿪ħ磬Զͨȵȣǿǰҵġ
ƺǺܰȫ
⣬´ˡ
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ڿҷҵ鱨ͷѾع磬ҪΪ⵲ħ׼ﵷңǸ£һƺǸذɣǵ̸棬ܽһ˵͸Ǻдĺˡ
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ֻףһ֮ڣһ÷ġ
á
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˵ͷ£ÿһɫ֮ĲֻǶĻôͷ֮Ĳ࣬ͷ֮ĲͿܸߴʮϡ
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ǽ̸ȴл𺳡
ĪЦȻ֪˵ı֪Ҳ֪ǿ֮ı֣ƺйӴġ
ܹһڲƽż÷ĪЦҪ𾪵ġ
ѾзҲżˣʱʮżȻڸĽػУз褵ɾͷǰȥػؼʱ̣Ҳɳ֣οûзǰԶͨǣƷ褵ġ
ǾֻܱغӰһӴһ˵ĵز
ĪЦ泯죬΢΢˼С
ȻԴ˵ı֣еЩ⣬ֿҲʶԼֹ̫Է˵㻰Ҳʵ൱µġ
Ӣ۱
Դˣлֻ⼸ˡ
Щص˶Ҫඡ
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ڲˣлû̫棬ԭܼ򵥣ʱȻ𣬿ɵʱڵ̫ˣڵر챦ʥر̫̫ˣÿһһЩǿߴģֻǶٵһЩ鷳ƣʨһҪһĹָ̲ܻоǿģһֱϢȺʥ֮ĵĳ
ʱʱʱľͷĶ˭ұ֤ҵ޵оͷ˭֪Ĵأ
ʹĳٱĳͷҲ⡣
Ψ޵оͷӦòٶ˲ŶԣĴڳ޵оͷ綼пˡ
л̾һʵʥǻԶء
ʵͬңԶɡ
һĿޡ
֮гֵĺɫԽԽˣʱĪЦ֪ͨǿ뿪ˣҸлһ֮ɽʱǴ뿪һ쿪ʼ𣬵ľͲˡ
лҲ⡣
ҲûٴҪͷĺһ뷨ǲǸýħɽǢ̸͸¶ȥԶͨ褰ȳ֣ĪЦ޵оͷǰԾûжٵֿġ
Ҳ뷨Ҫǰȥ壬Ϣݻȥ
л뿪
뿪פһǧ֮ˣֱӻع磬лҪȥڵħפأĸҲȨˡ
һƮţлҲʼȫȡļ䣬¶ӣڱ˹̹ţȳҲˡ
лҡ
ţһɱഫңңл


2262  ս
лֹͣС
նĵɡ
Ųһ˴һòתΣһлÿһһطƶǿҲʹܵľҡпռѺۣʾڿռ巽Ҳ൱ĳɾ͡
죬лǰʮ׵ĵطͣ
壿лۣ
ս߰ɱ֡
ɱӳԱάأɱ㣡䣬ɷ죬ȫһųȼյĻţõսûɵĻ档
ɱӣлüëһӦǶ֮һ֪ȥפصģ
άصĵȻ֪
лۣŵάأӦ֪ɱңͲ·ҵıǶԷҵƣǶ屾ͱѹƵĴȻе¾ʹ𡣡
άЦ˸㣬Ѿ·ˣ
ʲôлԾĵ
ˣ˹̹ͶǶ𣿡άص
˹̹嶼ţ˹п˱лնɱ塣
˹̹ʼûбֳҪȥһ˼
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ɵά˵Ķ岻پ·ʲô˼ѲɶҲ޵оͷˣ
ܣ
л岻·ңЦ޵оͷֻҪ֣㶷Ȼ𡣡
Ϊʲô£㲻Ҫ֪֪ôʲôάȻֲۻͬһɽѹء
ͨ켶λɫ꣡
лڷǰͷ˵źܴյġ
Ҳ̤λ磬ͬһ󾳽ڵ˶޷ʰԽսкεԡ
ҪɱңܻḶۡлЦ
άس
лۿʮڣûκεķ֣ȴ˵ûˣŷģָһ£֡
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ಣ
Ҳʲôһ±ܵлĽǰάߵǸ·ߣ񱩰ԵޱȣҲûʲôǴȭͷһȭÿռҵ𶯣ǿֲʹǧ׿ĵѺۡ
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ҪŶԷ֪ԼݣһάشлڶԷȭ̷֮˲ͬ
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л֪սķɢȥᴫȥǿ϶ģȴҪ̫ƷſԣʥڣﵽűսûֻܱԼķӴĶ仯ַ޹ء
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лǺޱĽսȫӦԵǵάصĲȫ¶Ժ䣬̾õάصȭͷֱ۶ʧȥ˸ӦһƬľʹ֮²ҽ屬߿ա
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Ѫһ˿˿ԹţغӰһӣѪ׵ɢԹҲʧӰ١
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ĳ֣ûблʱ˿̵лȫǰУٶȷӵޣûСʱ֮פ⡣
פλڵħһȽصĵطһռС硣
ռСŻƵģһ˹̹ƵģռС˹̹干ֵͬģȻҲ˵巢ֵģ˹̹ײͬĵص㡣
ļ䣬ռСǰһĸ֣ﴴģģͲˣֻ֪Ӷ˲ٺöڿռСڣʹ˹̹屾жԹģ˴θΪ˴սݡ
ͨŻлռС硣
ĿռǳĹһ߼ʣɽɽˮˮģէȥ·һȫµС硣
лҲ֪ЩռС磬ܹάְ֮õģһļţɾСģٴɾʱһĻ
˵ڳŵ֮Ũ񣬴еˡ
ռһĿռС磬λڶ࣬ߵһɽΪߵģǵפҲڸɽһĵطһǳĽȺͬĹ㣬ļ䣬ӦֱӴżֱŲƶġ
лܿ⹬ȺǰԶԶرɿ̨ͤ¥续Уһ°ӰȻվٲǰĺһòɣĸףʵƿߡڶ˹
˵һ˲䣬лĿⶸȻһ䡣


2263  ı
ļУûһͷҲǼͷ۷ģʱͻƣֻǼɵûеȥͻưˣ⵽ԵĴ
лڶ˹ĵһۣȷǡͷ
ɫԳɾ;ͷӦʱ䲻̫̣ȹ̾Ȼ˵ģγɾ;ͷģΪûأ
леԶǱô򵥡
Ȼ֪顣
ڶ˹Ǿͷ磬֪ӦһֱѹԼʵҲлͷӴĴˣ۷ܹеĸӦ͸鿴ȷ˵ʵˡ
ŬԼƽ
л֪пܽҴݵľڶ˹Ͼף²ϣҲ᲻עġ
ڶ˹ĹϵлޱĽڶ˹Լʮ׵ĵط
峤һˡлģЩͳǶڶ˹һų֡
֣ڶ˹Ҳϰˡ
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лͽľϸ˵һ飬ȻûرܵĻرܣǴ󲿷ݣͷ֮һ㲻Ķ˳˵ҾͷѾͬħɽǢʱ䶨һºĽ졣
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˵ṩ֮쳣ŨҷǳĴĻȻЧǳģΪֳӦǴ˿ռС֮Ϊ˵ǳͷģԻֵҲ˺Խġ
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һɽҲûˣܾĵģʺɽڵ֮ĳ棬˵൱ġ
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УɽȻΪγɸҲ赣ǰţ
л߲ħ龧ⶫԣƨûУǿ͸ʥǵˣռָ
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Ҳɵؿͨ켶λɫľ硣
ɣҲǶ෽ԭҶõøӡ֮ȵȣԭ
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鿴һΣҲûʲôףȻ츳УǷǳĿ̿࣬ǹϵ飬ܹǲ׵뿪ģֵûˡ
ֹ죬елʼտڳһһӾѹ
ΪǸڵȻĪЦ̸غӰ


2264  غӰǡ
˽أлȻʱ̱־裬Ҳ⣬ʮڷһУʱ̹עţûעĶͻԶˣĳȴлȻֲֹͣ
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Ϊǳ޵оͷ磬ܹɻ𷽾褿Ƶżݣлעˡ
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ԣʱСģݵģҵҲ֪ĸСӾȻɱӡ
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лҲǶʹ壬忪ʼԭǰڵ͹ˣ˭֪ʲôʱðһֲľͷȻܿܲ޵оͷ޵оͷľͷͬǿһġ

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벻Ƕ嵹ǾȻͷǷĪЦû뵽ɣ˼ҲɣںˣҲͨͷҴϹϵˣҵùӲԶඡ
лаЦǿƵĵǳȻܵļʣɵģԵʱһƷңƱػҲûֵģҶпһӱ׵Ĵݻ١
ǿʱڣȱɱ˭̫ǿء
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ǵȵľ仰
˵ΪҪѷɫûаգģȻĻҲܴġ
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ɯǰʹ˲֮طȥ


2265  Ӱ֮
ǰɯУֳĸ۲ϵ˸⣬ʱǱ˸ţһʵӡ
лɫȻ͸۲鿴ܵ
ʮ׵ķΧҲע⵽ˣвսڽУҲһЩ̸ǰմս飬ɯ˵Ĳࡣ
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һװ˵ڵϣƺڻָУΧʮʹˣʵͨ켶λɫͺɫ֮䣬ûһģڵɽһƬӰȻ޷ġ
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ͼҲһıǡ
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лһĨŨصɱ
񵶾


2266  ħӰ֮
ħɱ¾ҳϵҲͬǲ٣Ĵħ㶼Ǿͷǳͷ˴ħʹǴҪ޵оͷеģĲ٣ʧ٣ԴҲûټľͷ֮ͬࡣ
ħӰͷлҲ֪ˡ
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ħӰͷС
ħ˰ţأ
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Ȼпԭ
ĿǰԭǸʱ˷ǳ֮࣬ݵͼеʧ٣޷ȷʧٵľʮ֮࣬ѵǱɱˣȻǲܵģȻ˻ħӰͷ
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죬ħ죬ˢһ£ħӰͷĲϾۼ

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ʹ˹ֵڶ˹˵ģǿ׻ǴأУʸģĿǰΪֹʮˣ˼л̣裬ǫǰģǵĵˣ룬ʣµˣһԵħ磬һ磬ֻżˣ˽֮󣬶Ҫˣ֪ǵľﵽʲôز𣿺Ǻǣ㲻뵽ģ־Ҳмϣģ֤ܹҺˣʾǻۺܸߣͬңҾͶĿ飬ͨʸˡ
˵Ļлͷ𶯡
û뵽褾ȻҲڹעʥǵ
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2268  Ҫж
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Ũȣȫٶȱʱ򣬻Ҫʮģ£Ҳ룬һƨʯ棬ʼȫ


2271  濣
ŨϢֻҪ΢ĴתΪսʹлÿһһĳɹ
ٶ֮죬лһʱ䶼ȶ
Բڵľ㾳ʯлı仯Ƕôľˣе˽ֱӴ͸˼̫ˡ
лȫĵĿ
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ֻһζĿޡ
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ǳɫٶȣ˸оǣһΣӼʮһΣӽٸľˡ
Ҫ֪ﵽͨ쾳֮ÿһǷǳģΪͬʱ֮Ĳ࣬ȻǶĲ࣬ɻ̫ˣͬһˮıͬˮҪˮǶ٣ôһͰˮˮͰͬˮҪˮǶأ
ǾǾ޴Ĳࡣ
ʵԽߣԽǻ˵˵ٶˣҪͻƵ̫ˣԵࡣ
лǡǡǸı
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ҶϵͷϢʯҲȫתأҲ͸ܹԼһЩֵţǺȴܹõĵĵطһǸлƻԲĶǳСлܹ͸ȥĻ֣ᷢԲڻһռ꣬ڻĳ͵С
ҶڵϢͬʯת൱һ־ΪԲյģ˵ĻʯͷųϢᱩģʱſлٶȴﵽһȫµĸ߶ȡ
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һƬؼķ֮֮£ɱĸʮ֮˾ŶɱֻиļӴܳȥ
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2272  һʯ
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ȫЩ˷
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лԣҡҡͷڣ㲻õġ
ҶİѾָɣҲվֱ
лһʵǿĸ֣ȡһļ䣬ﵽʲô

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ҪʥʯﵽǿΨнԲ壬ܴﵽʮٶȣҵҶҵױȵģһ꣬ŲһСʱٳ׽䣬ؽﵽһСʱ˼ʱ䣬Ծͷɫ㣬һ֮ڣֱӳ޵оͷûпܵġл뷨ڳʥʯڵǸԲ塣
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лӵԲ壬ʥʯ÷ܵƣ𿴷ٵʱÿʮаСʱ޷ǶʥʯһִݲУӰԺЧõİ취ÿ¹̶ʹǿʢʮ죬ȥԲ֮ʥʯҲÿʮᷢá
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˹ȻӹһѣȴվǱ֮ʴˣΨͨ籾Դ֮ϵʯ籾Դ֮ܿƣپ̳ɽ֮ȴ֮ռСˣҪ뿪˵أΨʥʯ֮ɣҲҪʥʯΪ۵ģٺ٣Ǻôأ˵ʥʯ棬ЯռС糬ͷǰģϧεĴսʥʯӵ¸˳ǵҲֹڴˡлЦȻܽʥʯóġ


2273  ʱֳ˯֮
ʥʯԼǸлٵԲ壬ΪʯԵɣ룬ĳͷµҪʥʯͨ󷨴ͽֶΣΪʱͷһٽʥʯ룬֮ʴ˵Ϊ磬ǽ籾Դ֮̿ռС磬۷ʱڣһԭʥʯ룬䵱쳣״̬кܴĸֽĻ֮𣬹ʶȫġ
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л𣬳Ϊʲôżôͷˣ


2274  Ƽ̳
褵ʼո˾ͷƺԶԶ󣬾Ǳɱʮͷ褶Ǻ⣬Ϊʲôˣ
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ҲʹǵĲͨ켶λܵ赲޷һʱɱʮҲȵĲòء
лһ³嵽ʮֹɵİΧȦϷԼ׵ĵطҲ̧һ
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лҲֱɱĵص㡣
ɱ
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ܳͨ켶λĸҲɱǵͬǳľˣа֮࣬սҲǾ˵ġ
·Ĵͷͬʱһ
ǱŵĵԶڿԾ𣬱ץ֣·ɱȥ
ˣлɫΣգ濿ļҪϢˡ
аͷ׷ɱаͨ켶ƴɱĴͷֽɱֿܹ
𣡡
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л˫ʮָöٵڿб任š
Ϳܼķ֮渡ֳʮĵ⡣
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ͷһ֣㷢ɱֱӴ͸ǵĹɱ
˶ɱΧ֮£ǲֻܶȻÿͨˣл͵֮û谭
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˾ֱԽʮңͨ͸ܹλ÷תŵĿռ꣬ĸλǿռ࣬ţƺһ֪ͬػţǿġ
ԲҲǳһЩѺ۰ˡ
лЦһһƱ档
ʥ


2275  ս
ڼʱפڵʱлһԲ壬ʱúѣΪ
֪ȴ֣ԲھȻȫ֮
Ӳļ֮ɱ䣬ɾʥ
ȻˣһҲɡ
лֱʥѿķ϶ĵط͸ȥʼʳԲ壬ͬĻܹǿʥ
˵ĿʥﵽɾҲһء
ˣʡȴܶ鷳Ժ԰ľ֮Ϊ֮׼ˡ
ʥ͸֮ɢһ㵭ļĵɫĹΣؼȡԲڵľ
еȵʥȡɲǵļܱ֮ġ
ɱƻǰŬ
ɱ
ּܵˡ
Ƿ׷׵Ŀ
۸ʵ𣡡濱лֳǿƸ̼Ѫڣսͨ졣
һɳ죬˫չ
һʥϢһַԲ׵ķΧ
װеڱͷų
Ϳһ̳
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ҲֹڴˣǰֺȫסʱҲķӹȥͷ

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飡飡
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һ֣
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ϡﻩĳɱ
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꣡
Ծһնϰͷ񵶣һѪۣͷҽżٵˡ
лٶȷӵޣȫ׷ɱƱҪնɱ


2276  ö湦
ͷ֣ƱлˣʼգлͨٶȺ͸ֶȶ޷һսֻ
ƾʮ߱Ľս˫Ķǿ񵶣лҲܹɱͷɫǿˣȻִɱҪԲͬ˵˵ģͬǰͷǷ棬ɱĺۣǻʤܱʩչɫġ
ԭ˶̫Ϥˡ
ЩɫֶΣİͷ񵶵Ȼǰǣɴ಻ѡ񵶶ԿģҪ⼸ͷҲμЩĻлڻҪǲΪԷƣϵذˡ
Σ磬á
ֻܱİ
ۿлҪɱһͷȳֵĴɫİͷҲˣӺٵն
ƥ
ǰ·ЩӵĹʱҲŵ
л΢΢һ̡
֮Ʒ磡
⣬ͱƽһҲѾлҪ׷ֶΣȴܹӳ
лĺϲ˶֪ĵط˽սѾûɶõֶΣܹӴõġ
ˢһʧ˵С
ƷİѰӾǣ޷Ѱҵ
һʧЩܼĹգǴлնһشİͷ
ɱ

ͷ״ŵðɱԼ˸ɵĻǾˡ
ƴһϷȥбնĵ⣬ƺǵĽǶȣҲֻȻҪӲӲĽ
Ұ
ոնܿлڴ˰ͷĶ
ͷһӱ亹ʪ͸ˣķһɨȥһɨա
ˣͷɫ䡣
Ȼжϳʧ󣬵ӦʱѾоϴɭɭĺ񵶴䲱ӹһƬѪ⡣

ܹսҲֻʣôһɫİͷ
㣬սл񵶵ָͷȵ
ͷɵˣڶףлܵǸطȥģްĲһǰлɱͬ顣
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ͷһڸɬҺץס񵶣ɫޱȣضлƺٶʧ
·ػƽĵǸһȻ
лûԼľ磬չֳľͨ켶λȴܹɱĴͷǵĳʵ̫ˡ
ˡлҡҡͷȥͷת·ɱȥ
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һתлļƻƱؽʵС
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뵽˰ͷɵñΪ˵ս⡣
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ͷŭУӵӸ߿տҰĳɱҪ赲л
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ƾٶһọ̈̄ˢһ£ÿһü㽵ٵƽĵϷԼ׵ĸ߶ȡ
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ǰ׸ҵУһ׸
ʱƽڵһͷȻ۾ȻվҲ֪õʲôǼӲµƽľȻԶֿð壬ֱ̧лһȭ˹ȥ
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ϾΪ̫ˣͷܹ֮а˾ű֮࣬԰ͷɫͨ켶λɫĲ࣬ǾǶʮ౶ˣҲΪʲô˵Խսĸԭ
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·ʥҲлĿ֮£Ȼѣƽһѷɫиͷ䡣
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ͷһ˫ġ
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ͷȴ֪л⾫籩
ľȻֻͷɫ꣬Һ̬ģԣȰͷɫѷɫ٣ټһΪ̬ɫƻ֪Ҫġ
ĿǰΪֹл޷϶ߵ֮ΣҪȫ汬֮ͨʵġ
ž꣡
ȼɫĹһ±㽫۳͵ȭͷˣ޼Ѹ͵ǰͷȥ
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ǰͷͣ͵ɲǼ䣬лľ籩ѾȻ䣬Ǳʥסİͷͬ񵶰㣬һ¾ͽ͸ˣɫҲƽ֮ϣǽͷȼˣһá


2277  
ҪӪȵİͷù
Ȼǡ
һʼɫͷֵʱл뵽֮Һ̬ɫĴʤɫİͷҲֻһûκΰյж϶ѣлôһơ
ʥӲҪһɫͷ޷йɱģǿԵġ
ǱϾʥ
лľҲǽӽͷλɫ꣬ӳһ°ͷĴ󲿷ǿԵģοǽɫͷжҲδظ׵ʩչ˭֪ʥǷٱһЩأ
Ҫ֪ʥһȫɱͷġ
ʱҲлʶɫ;ӵʵˡ
һܹɫͷ֣ѹɫͷڽɫͷǾͲö֪ˡ
ɫȼ֮ǿȻԶʤκλġ
һȼͷĶѸٵڣԵֵġ
ƽĸ⵽ԵĴһ±㱻ճһлʥǿռꡣ
飡
ʥǰռȻ顣
л̸оռָڵʥʯ춯̳ŬԱϣҪٶô˷Ψ½Ƽ̳ˣƽȴҪʯ籾Դ֮ģڣȻûˣʶͨ˵Ȱ취ѾЧֻ̳ͨʵȥˡ
ɡ
л˵ջʥѸ롣
սռڿҶָ濣㽫ٶȷӵޣһ䣬ȥ߰׵ľ룬Ȼû¡
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˵
νĻ֮ɢ׵γɵһרΪ֮˾ס򣬲Ϊ˾ܵķãÿһĸԵģŮӻ֮󣬱ڴõĸı䣬ܹо޴İǼķá
ҲǴ̳ͨǣġ
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˵ܹ֮ڻ֮磬ͷ֣ϣ֮ԵĻֱӽռС磬ÿռСĻ𣬻ȡĺƽ
룬֮Ȼ̾ڿռС磬δҲû֮ͬʼձǿ̬ԭܹףֻǶ϶ռСǷԵʡ
˿ռСǿʷΨһһ޵оͷѪ۵ľ֮ϵģ޵оͷҲԵġ
лֱӳĵλá
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ѽõطŨԪǿʢǧ˷ܵĵ
Ԫǳϡ٣ﱻ֮޷ֻܱģȴǳĻ˷ҪȥȻĻʱţǿܾͻ˶𽥵ûܹ綼ġ
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Ƿԡл˵սռṩģļ֮ҲṩһģҲ̫ãҲṩ̫ࡣ
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֮ڵΨнеʥ׷ܸˡ
ͨʥȻûãڰ֮׻ջ֮Ǹʱûʲô׵ṩˡ
˺õµʾκ׳ͣȡ֮ӵа֮ײѣѰ߶ӵ֮Ҳֻܴﵽٷ֮ʮŵǰٷ֮һ嵱֮ṩ޷ֲΨÿеԵں֮İ֮ﵽͻƴʥ׼ľֲ
ѡ֮ˣȴֻǵһԵģѰҵ֮ˣȴ޷ͬʱ߱ħٴܻʱ򣬻δɣ⵽֮֡
ƶȻδõ֤ʵȴΨһ֮
лɴƽĵʥͷų۳ɫһţתš
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Ȼɿ˿˿ƵɫϢлĿ֮£ʥڲϵǽɫСԲ͸ȥ
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ûСʱеʥžͻ͸ģûκεֺظУлһĽɫСԲʣµ͸ΪģûκԵʥˡ
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һ΢еɱ̡
л뵤֮ڡ
δлȥٿأ̻֮ⴿУа֮
лȥ鿴
޷
ۿ̽ǿɿǴѹһСԲڰ֮γɵĴģı֮׸š
뷨ӦǶԵģȥƣȫа֮Լ֤˿ԣδɾⲻôΨһȱٵľǻ֮ĩ֮ʹɵʥľ֮ˡ
л֮ǷǳģõӦòѣʥľ֮ѣȴҲзӣԶͨפڣȫ뱸οѾʼרΪռľ֮ˣΨһĩ֮֮׳ֵģΪֹƺûмسֹĩ֮


2278  ޳ƽ
лҪ·ߣ۷׵ʱȻж۽ܣյΪûһζͬ˰ȥٹأǵĿıѰ֮񣬶Ҫܵҵ
ֻĿǰΪֹδаϢ
ĩ֮µļأƺĩ֮İĩ棬ȴ֪ʲô˼ܲĩٰɡ
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óʥʯ
ÿ¿һΣЧҪزΨнʥʯصƽġ
лʥʯƯǰ
ҪʥʯڵƽģߣÿһŽʥʯݻٵΣգޱҪǧҪˡ
лȡ˼Уͷǰµԡ
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ΨдʥʯҶеЧ̵ܹʱڳһ۷壬ʸȥʥ֮ģ˻ҵʵԾ޷ȡģð¡лʥ֮սȥñƴԼһԵȴķ
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ѾҪʥʯڵƽġ
ڵʥʯѾٶͷųʮľϢлԾɺ̶Ҷ䣬Чʥʯȶѷɫܶܶࡣ
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лЩҪĶ
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ڱɿʥʯڵÿһλһĻɫϢͬһ㣬ѸٵɢʹʥʯĵƽģĵطŻ֮Ĳ
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︽ŵ籾Դ֮ΪռС統ЯʱȻȻյģҲǷǳӴ
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ʥ׿ɲĻ֮۶ɵģлӰ֮ڵĻǿٿһ£аձ֤ʥʯӰ죬Ҫġ
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ȻͿƽԱߵļѷ쿪ʼӴѸٵӵʥʯı棬Ϊһֱƽĵͨɫ۳һߣ͸ȥлҲԿƽĵĿ
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еɫУл̿ʥ֮רΪɫ֮γɰΧȦƽİȻʼ͸𲽵Ľɫ֮ȫ͸ȥ
ʥ֮룬л̷֣ƽľȻǱ֮͸ˣ𲽵Ҫﵽռĵزˡ
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ƣ
л۾ȫͨƽġ
ʥ֮Եʣؿ͸ƽڲһУܹǿռڻתţΧš
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ͳͳ𣬿ռֱӺûˡ
ǴʥʯѺȻӴƺҪ׵ˡ


2279  ߺϣ
ƽڵĿռ꣬ռ󷨱ݻ٣ŵĽƽѿǵ͸ƽĵĻ֮ͷųʥʯڵĻ֮ϣټ֮ǰ͸һ㣬һӾʥʯ֮ƽⱻˣʹû֮ʢһЩ
ʥʯѼ̼١
ԭϸСѺۿٵļӴ󣬷׷׵ķǡ
һѺۼӴлľ޷ȶˣ·ڼæһ֣һսŵŷ
ʯ籾Դ֮
ҪʥʯѷֺϣӰ죬Ψʯ籾Դ֮
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Уѩ׵ûУǰʥ֮ںϣһʹʥ֮
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˻ָף˾ȻɻָиҵˣܿٻָԺʲô
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лĸ⡣
㰵дӵǱУ˵ȫһİֶΣȻڵʲôƣΪлɵرȥˡ


2280  ԭ
УŨϢһŨ˽һٶ౶лҶͷųϢѷɫ١
⻹ԺΧ
صϢѵԶͨһر
ҵͷɫǿߵûǿ󡣡
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ڵǰнӹһԺӣ㿴ͷɫػŵһǰá
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һ˵ͨ켶λĵ߽ȥ
У㡣
վﻹδվȽŲϢܵĳָӦƵģһӷֱӳ˵ڡ
ʵ̫࣬һ¾ۼ˵ϣ۳Һ壬γܹרƵҺһζܹͨӳ֮ãһЩ۳жʮΣʲôƺòˣ
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ٴη
˭֪ΨˣǣҲܹ֪߽˿ľġ
ӵˡ
лȫٵš
ʱָš
Ϊʱǿ
ɫȫɱΪɫ֮ɢϢſʼģлҲǼŵȵϢͷųŽ
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Żת鿴˿ľ񵶺ʥʯ


2281  춯ʱ
Ʒб仯
ԵȻǽ˿ľʧȥеľƵĶлԭҲڴϸÿԱץš
Ļ£ҷ硣
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ͷּŨʯ籾Դ֪֮ʲôطͷųʹ̳ٶȻָԭ״
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У̳ٶȳѺۣһ޵ĵѷ͸Ǳͷţ޷Ű
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ʯ籾Դ֮أͳͳĸЩѺ۵ĵطܵ׵޷ӳͷѹƣʹ̳ڵĻ֮Ȼʼûз
Ƶʿʼ٣лʶٲ֣¾ͽλˣһſ˶԰֮׵ѹơ


2282  ںϻ֮
֮춯أվлһ֣ȫлĿƣһ뿪Ҳл군ˡ
ʱ˿̣лſ̱һӵλֱӱȥ
Ծɱ൱һֵİ֮ס
Ȼ֮ǿԶԣлİ֮ױȵĻԾǲܴ󣬱Ͼİ֮ױͷǳӽɹˣ֮ӣߵԶʤĻ֮ġ
ֱӺǰ̳ͷ档
䣡
ͷȫڷ֮棬мԷοлȻһƼ̳Ǳֳ֪ͷɫ궼ԶԶ磬Ȼӱˡ
ǵӴǺĪ
û취ǶϢȫ֪лôһŹ̥ܹʮսʵʱߴͷʮ֮һ꣬ɱľͷҲһˡ
еİ֮֮пһ½Ǳ֮Զ顣
֮ͷųһ±㽫ͷˡ
ⲻлģ֮ԼͷŵȻǷǳĿֲ֮󣬱ػ̳Ϸ
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ʯ籾Դ֮ҲһӱĴ淴
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лһץס濣棬һӡ
Ӵսռγɣһ½Ũʯ籾Դ֮УҲУ÷ŭͷ޷вǡ
лٵռʯ籾Դ֮
ͷȫҪѹƴӴܡ
֮һʧȥʯ籾Դ֮ͳ׵չֳµǿɲʲôͨͷܹġ
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ʥʯ̰ǿֲʯ籾Դ֮Ϊ䱾ţͬһʱ䣬֮׿ʼɻ֮
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ںϣҪһ̣Ҫѽʮҵʱ䣬׵Ҳﵽһ޵ġ
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ֳʥʯеʯ籾Դ֮ˣƯܣ˵ڵһжһ㡣
лʱ׼ʩչռ塣
ĿռȻޣҪһռСȥǻǺɵģֻȴǻ֮ӽ
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߱ͷųҲԽԽǿȵĻ֮Ѹٵɢ
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ǾۼԶǰ׵ð⵽׵ϮͷΣһ¶֮ɫ
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ͷһµǵȫޱıͷɫ꣬һʮɫĹ㡣
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ֻͷҽɳȥѪ̫߹Լˣʥ׵һȫ޵оͷֻ˱ᣬο޷ܡ
ʮʱ䣬֮׳ںϻ֮
Ǿ֮Ҳ֮𶯵Ļ֮ɢ
лһУ֮׻ع鵤ͬʱץ濣ֽտʯ籾Դ֮ʥʯһ˳ȥ
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л뿪ôǽԶʧȥ뿪˵صĻᣬһл԰֮׵ȫϣǶ뿪ģһеĳˣԿռڰӻɫģҲƴ۵ĳ֡
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ʲô㣿ʵ
леµģȻлǰ׺ݵһĻӰ컹Ƿǳġ
лҸˣȡһ¼䣬˽Ȼ
ţҾͲˣȻ¥ˡ˵꣬װˢһ±ɵûӰˣƵġ
ãıŵˡлȻʧЦ
鿴֮ףӵǿˣ۵ҲӵʵˣʥҲܵٵת䣬ȷûΣ֮ŷ
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ʮ֮лյһƵר鱨۵ķǰѿݽлüڣԺ֮УڷһҲļ֮С
ʱ䣬淢Ҳ൱Ķ࣬Ȼֵ𾪹עģżƷҵľٶˡ
Ҳǲߣòȴǹؼ㣬Ļܱ˹̹ɱ˷ҲܱǰͷعǻᱻɱģǴµһؼڡ
Ҳȷħɽ˿ս
ҴսĽ𾪣ľ˷˾޴ı仯緽棬ԭĶ෽ҽսѾתΪٶȵϣҲ´ȫµЭ飬бżǿѾأפħ磬ʽսǰֻ̨ؽ棬ȻҲ仯ġ


2283  ƽµİ
Ϣʾ»عƽֻƽ棬ȴǸΪֲİţʱܱĽͿĳһ
ҵȻżǰ㣬ǰδеشǵƻΪС
ħɽһսżǶѪȻĴоаɫ׼޵оͷżħִ¡
ҵصҲ̫ˣҵ۾ȻûзڷפڻһĪЦ׼޵оͷ˵֮оȻһİɫ꣬ǧڣߵõѸٳɾ޵оͷĴڡ
ңңΪʲôбҪǵʲôɸ˵ĿģȻɲķң
ħɽսԷͷĪЦͷ߾شͷߣͷ¾գǷڵħʱפȴҲ⵽˻ԵĴ
ս֮󣬷ҹȻɫĳͷ˽ǣҲױ¶żĿ
ʹеͣսˣĬĽĿż档
лȽҲǸпѡ
żȻˣȴҲԼƵ˼ˣ̫ǿʹñ벻ɵ벻עⶼˡ
Ȼ褶ԣͣȻͿǵЩˣȻĻ϶ˣȻԼĴ㡣
ڱ¶Ĵ󳬼ͷоаɫ㣬սʤͷܶ࣬ѷɫ޵оͷҲǺֿܶ࣬޵оͷĲѰģϾ޵оͷôˡ
żǿᣬֻؽԭ֮սݣȴѡߣĽżƵǰ棬湻յģַ͵Զͨϼ޻ļһȻҪвżˡ
ƽҪΪĹż׼𣿡
ʣлͬˡ
ΪԴ֮󣬶Ȼ뿪ԶɱˣħľͷҲˣûһģ·ħѾһ
лĵӵǿĶ徹ȻҲû˶
ҵĺΪżƣӵĽҪٶԷҽıƣûôˡ
лЩ鱨Ϣ
֮⣬һЩ鷢ˣԶԣڵľӰ첻󣬱ֻؽгһͷнɱżһͨͷʮͷ֮ģоЩʱʱӴ磬Ϊ֮籾Դ֮Գ˯еĸǣҲ׷ѣо󲿷ѾͶż褵£ȻҲһѡ񲻲ָвͶеĳһл統ӴСĳͷҲִѹģʵȻǿˣҲǸԵµԺжƻ
˼ҲкϢɣȻҲвֵǡ뿪˼Ҫȥľͷͷǣӻ֮󣬾ͳ˯ˣ˷ѣȻȻˣҲϵûк˻ʣʥ磬Ҳ֪ǵĴ㡣
»ඣܻ֮ͻȻǿҲǿܳ˥ģʱҲµƽڣȻٶңǿ󣬽ڲ֮󣬲ϵķˡ
лϢǸп֡
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ʥǷ淴ûа仯
ƺбϵˣڤǼ룬Ҳı䲻״
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ԶɱͣѾ䶯硣
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еǣûһͷ֣ǵħɱڵľͷǣѡ֣֡
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ںϣôٶҲӱ
лӿٶȡ
ܿ죬ٶԶɱڡ
һεĵлԵĸоԶɱˣ涼ԭࡣ
Զɱڱɱ൱ٰǰͷ;ͷе࣬ȻĻǿô࣬ӦǼٵġлĵ
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ӵзõĿɱҲлԶɱˣ𿴰ͷ۷ǿߺԶɱڣ¾Ҫܵġ
Զɱȥ
޷ȷλõģֻܶ϶ĳһﷶΧڡ
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Ҳʱ򰡣Ҫżܹʱͣ˼ҵĸôֿ֮࣬ǳǿлᡣ
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ѵǣ
Ȼˣлʹõ׵Ҳˣ˵ħ׵磬н׵ҪΪҪʮʱ䣬ħɽսʱ˳֣֪ʩչʲô׵ط˼׵ʹüʮ͵Ҫ͵ģһ˵Ϊ˼ͣ˻ɱ׼ͷ
飿˭Ҳ̫˰ɣ֪׼Ҳ׼޵оͷ𣬾Ȼɱ׼Ҿͷ
ٺ٣˼Ҹ£ΪѾ֤νͷλ޵оͷ׼սǲȥǲ֪ͷ
̸ûİͷǲκ磬ҲᱻرĶԴ
л°ֹͣͷǵõʱĻ֮õɱ䣬ΪԵģĿģҲӦǶȤǣ˷Ǹδɡ


2284  Ķ
˳ܹģȻǾͷͨľͷĿƺǣлôоģûĸͷðյȥĿľġ
һ߿һЩϢһ￿£ȥ
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ǿǣ壬ľǿߵȵȣʹ壬׼ҵǿߣеħģȻҲٲż߳ĸǡ
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˶ҪõԼٶȡ
лƮУҲڲԼò뱻˹ķ֡
ǰУֳǰ׵ĵطһսţɱ˫ȻͳʵĻħǿǡ
ħΪħ壬ΪлȣȻ׹ģΪͳʵġ
л̳ȥ
˫ƾУǻħѾǵħĹУһħĸָϵͿֵ֮ġ
ף˲Ϣ㵽
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һɰƾͷ˳ѹ·ĸǣǿߡ
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ȻˣֵɱΪ汨𣡡
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ҲˣʥǵĹԣʤκ
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˴ͨ켶λĸͬʱƲԼĶ֣ЯĻ棬׺ݵлȥ
˴֣лסˣ漴Դӿλ磬ƺûڶǰʩչԼ˸֪Ѿλɫľ磬ͷҲԶˣɱͷɫ궼ѵġ
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Ѿǽɫ꣬ƶϣɫ潻棬Ҫ񵶣ֻҪɼٺɫİͷġ
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ȥѣͷеսʼ񽣣еļ֮죬һ֮ռ𵴲ѡ
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лں϶мΨҶ𶷼ģҲԵֶ֮һϽսԳס
ȫһȭػ

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̺ŵ޻ʱŷӳҲʾлսܹͰͷɫ꿹ˡ
ž꣡
񽣺Ȼѡ
սͨ켶ļȭףսʼֱֵܵӱˣǿ޻ɱȥ

ͷ̷һʹĲҽС
类ˣҲҽźɳȥ
ǿļзлҲеССĴ㵡
սԣּǺѵֿĲŶԡ
л漴̧ţ̤ȥ
лҪ񣬸ҹȥһͷɫ״ŭӽ
ɫ꣬лڵԿ⣬ǿͷ硣
ﲻͬ˵Զɱ
ַǳлսóġ
ƲָǰĻԲǰһ㡣
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˵ˣĵħˣԾܵΣգοڵԶɱԭֲлɱȻǼٵӡ
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ľңʶڼ֡
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׼ʱǹһǳ͵ʥӱ͵Ϯ
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ͻħĶԿƾеģ˷лɱͷ˴ͨ켶֣ʹ巽
ħ巽̳
лĿɱҲٶȳֱӺе֡
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˵ʲôл׷ʵΪԼĶˡ
Ťͷ𴦣û
лȥ§ס磬˶ʲôʱôˣ㰡
ߣһΪ޹ء糺졣
޹Ϊʲôлĵ
ǰʱȥˣȻ޷Ѱҵ㣬ֻֿܣҪô뿪磬ҪôѾѾ
һ㣬лҲӵõ鱨֪ˡ
磬ڵǿͷ۷徳ϣпܵģԺȻرˡ
лĽӵ뻳С
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лЩĽ§ڻУ֪ΪҹռѡΪֹûзеǷʹ࣬Ļý磬Ȼĥƽ˽⿪ĽᣬԼȴǰмεģ˷ΪԼѣȻһġ
Ըܹ˵ΪԼ޹ǾǷĵĽԼˡ
ܹŹȻᡣ
лͷصĺ촽ϡ


2285  ʥ
ǻȵ賹ʧˡ
ҲȴΧˣֻǾǴȫȫⰮǣв԰Ρ
˷·ΪؼΨһ
ֱħ׷ɱŷֿ
۵˵ĺΣǿ񳹵ڰ³ˣԸȥܰĿ֡
治֪Ժһǿʨ𣿡ָлգĵ˵
㣬αȥˡл
ЩãĿԶգҾңǰҾң
ϢһŲͬһ˰㣬һͷںڵ㷢ҵ趯ţǷݽٶȻˡ

Ƕα˵
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Ϊ׵ǻħǿһͷ۷弶ǿߣΪء
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صǣҵǻħ壬㶼ǻԣܵƣǱǰȥɱڲһʥ
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ڰ֣лЦҪԼжӵɣȥ磬ûоͷûܹвҡ
뵽лնɱͷɾҲû˻Ļ
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İɡлչȥĶûвժҵˣඡ
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лٺЦߣȥʥɣڼ䣬κҵĻҲ԰ǽЩ鷳
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ص֪ҲΨлԵ˷ɽ룬лٿǲܵġ
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˵ؾҲ̫ңԶ
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лǿЩĲ񱩵ȴͬС㣬ȫûʨӵ
˵裬Ҫлӿ죬ޱȡ

Ǿ豿׾Ķ£һЦУ˵·ͱ˸⣬ı˴š
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˺һƽ˫Ŀ΢գʼͿϸֳʥ𣬻üļ䣬Ȼ󲻶ϵۣĿҲƬ֮ʥһɫĹ㣬üļ侭ǰأ۵˵λá
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леȫÿһطڷű仯ǺëɱһʥǴڵ⣬׵׵ĸı䡣
ͬʱлҲоԼĽսƺҲܵ˾޴Ӱ죬תˣһתɫ仯ɫгһİɫ㣬仯Ѹ٣ʥͣﵽͨ켶λɫ꾳磬ѾйɫˣҪһδͻ˼
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ΨһƵǣⱾӦζܣȴҪֹֻܸͣܣĥľĥлδɣһΣľܹӵԲڣпܳľĸ߶ȡ
ֱĥˡ
лѸٵתš
彥طһĨʥ⣬θǽˣҲٸıʡ
ž
һ춯Улһ

̷һջлҪˡ
ȴֻܼ֡
Ϊһ춯Ԥʾţʽʥɿʥľ硣
ʥڿûʲôɣ֮˵ģǾǿʣһ޶µġ
ʣҲζлİﵽ壬ǿ׳ͣҲѰĩ֮ɵʥľ֣֮ؿǿʢס
Ҳֹͣˡ
ǵսȴû˶ֹͣԾţٶԲϵؼУˣлҲѾȫɱΪ˰ɫ


2286  ǿ
ɱΪɫҲδֹͣ
ֱлİɫи˼ɫ㣬ʼͷֹ֮ͣǺɫĹ㼸ʮˣ㾳лϲѣʥʯʹãֱܹӳͷġ
ٶȣҲǰ޹ˣˡ
ΪȻҲ⡣
ԭͨλɫֱӳ嵽λɫ꣬һĺɫĵزλֻһ֮ʱͻƵġ
˵Ϊֹ֮ͣлҲƲסһ½Ƶչ˿籩ʽķ񹥻
紺껯޴顣
սռս¼ޱȣһƬžɱвĵطǷƼҲѾ
żȳ֡
ǧŰռһɽʹطŨصˣ԰֮Ҳܹ磬Ҫʴ
ǧУͷһգȺУѱ˷ֵġ
ͷ棬ԾһϵƳֵģΪ׵Զͨ£һͷ۷弶ǿߣз巽ʩչ˻ͬռһطżԼʮľ롣
緽Ҳֳ
ʹ壬׼ңڳģûͷңѾʼ䣬İ䣬Ϊ˵ڳ˯ĸδѣǻ֮ռϷˣд˵ǽ˯ߵ籾Դ֮ƱµĿԼ¡
ڷңʧ̫أǰͷٶѡ˴洢ˣ˭Ҳ֪ǻ֡
ƿصĵħҲʽǳ
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˵ķʵԶֹˣֻǸʱĴЭˡ
һҹлȵĳƬҲûնɱͷƱѾ￪ˣҪȥͲˣҲûأô
ѾҪͷҪκˡ
ƮţлԾеζǷҰԣڲͬζտʼС򣬺ĸʨӣлⳤʱûƷζˣǴķйһΡ
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ͷȥͿ˴Զ쭶
ķĸۼлͣųľԲڵ״̬С
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׿췲ߵ֮һս׿췲ƽĳ裬ҲҵһβҰܣҪһս
ͷл㲻֪ɱͷƾƺѾûʸսˡ
ߺߣɱͷҲʴˣ˼Ҹ޷ӳǿż߳ˣ֮ԶɱڣӰ죬֮ǹƽս׿췲ĵ
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л̫ˣϴʤҲ֮ڵħȻҡ׿췲ŭ
лվҲͷȻ㲻ɣҾһָҪмһУΣ
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׿췲Ҫˡ
̫ˣ
ҲҪץˡ
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Ҫɱ㣡׿췲
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񵶵ǰٶһжǿлûзһ£֪ڵɱͷɫǷӦû̫ˣڽɫ꣬еѵġ
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׿췲û׿ƿڵʱ򣬻ֵģϾ׿ƲǴ˵żȨˣ游
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巽Ҳǵɴ۾ʵҲɵлնɱͷΪƷӵģʵԾĻлôɵһȭ񽣣һ̤һͷġ
лƽĵ㲻Уǻİɡ
ߣǿͷ֮˾һЩȻĶ֣ż֮ˣɲСӣˡ
ðɣҴɱͷҲұ㼸仰˵ġл۵
Ҫսսϻࡣ
ͷŭγһ̺Ϣħңָлγ񵶡
㲻ʸ񡣡лĵ

ͷŭ֮£ӵͳȥ˫յݺݵлͷնȥ
˵лɫɱɫͷΪԷܵӰ죬ֻܷӳ߳ҵɱͷΪԷ˽ԼĶôԵżİͷɫ꣬ûκεˣǿսĶԿˡ
лҲİͷƽһսڵսжǿأǰͷ֣򻺻̧ͷȭ׶ûʹá


2287  ĺܱ̬
ͷɫͨ켶λɫĲа˱֮࣬ԶԶɫ֮Ĳࡣ
ҲΪʲô˰ͷ֮ÿһεͻƶǷǳѵġ
˱ȷܶ࣬лĽսͨʮ֮֮߱࣬Ҳͨ߰˱ּ֮࣬˵ĻлǿͷɫһЩأ˵Ķǿ˺ܶࡣ
ĿðͷҰɱл
һ̣ͷƶҵķ˷ϯȥĺܶ˲òȵĺˡ
лƽվš
һһγĶԱȡ
ɱ
ͷԼƣħ֮ϵٶǿ֣ûбĳ֡
ħѹˣ·ܹһ顣
лĿâ
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ͬĶǷӳȴѾźܴ𣬰ɫͷŵǰǿ࣬ȻӵĿֲ
һʩչ̾巽ĸַˡ
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Խʥﵽ߼ʥĵزҲлȣﵽһǰδеĸ߶ȣ¹ûܹεġ
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׿ƳĿɨΧˣлɱôͱȻЩ˳ֵʱ
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Ψһлǣ櫵ĵħȻûг֣ԶԶ۹ţ˿ûпɱ˵ֱŭ侲˸е¡
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֪ͺãһɱɣ˳֣Ǳɣ񵶣һʹͷ
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ЦλôĿ
Ҫʵġʹͷ
ҪȴһͷЦķȶţǳǿᣬʴ
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ӵĸол״ξЩͷҲû˿ģԼġ
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Һˣλˣ˭ɱң˭ͽ񵶡л
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ͷˣó׼ٶȡ

Χ۵Ҳɴ۾ϸĹۿһս
лһȻȵ
ͬװը죬𶯵񱩵ķ
ͬһʱ䣬лҲ״νʥȫʩչǰγһ޴ļӰķػ⣬ʺʮʷҲںˣγһʮʹâ棬ʹػһ
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ǰʹͷͻȻ͵Ϯ֣Ѿ˸߶ע⣬˶ûǰ֣˵һǾͲˣԺܹƽͷͬʱ
ಣಣಣ
ͷȫչٶȡ
ųķʹְ˵ռƵģżȻҲرóٶȣ˿һߡ
ͷͷģٵһ¡


2288  ɱ
ȫٳͷлչֳٶҲлаգٶȷʤһġ
Ǿԣǵȷܳɫ
ż֮ԶԶʤͨĶлԤ֮УͷʹͷĶǸԵķ˻ʹʥ֮ͬ
Ҳ˵ǳ̬սĻлһ˵ĿԲ
ͷͬ꣬սҲмġ
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л߷˼ޡ
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ѺҲ֮֡
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ʥǿ֮ҪҪһ˵ľΣлԣΪﵽͷɫ꾳磬˵ͷǳͷҲδܹػģھ̫ͣ߷ʥҲ޵ĺܡ
ʶػҲǵֿһ£㱻ˡ
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ֻǲ֪Ϊʲôûô
ʣлһμ˵УԷʹ˵ݣʹķʡ
л΢΢һͷ˭Ҫ񵶵ģֻܹҪܹңߡ
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뿪֮ʾлֱһɽͱеɽڣУл

ҴУأԭ㣬ڽ޵ңҪ̸硣ʵ
ôˣл
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ܸӣȽ鷳ӣ㽫޵ʰɣҪȥ磬ʱռʨ壬а취ÿ޵ƵǿǼ˵
ʣлϾϤȻ˵ˣͲٻˣó޵ʡ
ʽӹܽˣǶ͵ϮĻûʱʩչսռģλƭ㡣˵꣬㽫޵ռָСˣˡ
ȥҴҡ
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˶ô£л
ʥǾȻΪҪĿ꣬ż̫ˡ
żҲûã㻹侲ҪĿǾԼΨˣſܰʥǶȹ˴ѹصģ˻֪һᱩ¶ģ׼һ꣬Ӧⲻ̫󡣡˵
лһԼƽ
ʼվƽΪżļƻȻЩ޷侲
ȶľл˵ɣš
һжռĸ鱨ƶϳģĿǰǲ⣬˻ʵݱ¶֤һ㣬Э飬Ҫֹżֹħʥǡ˵
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ͷҵļ룬ʹǸһеģǶ˳Ҳ޵ĺܣ𲻵ʲôˡ
𲻵ã
лû˵ҲûбҪô˳ֻкôûлģҲֵĻȷпһֻҲףʥǵƺӦ˴ģжɣǿ˻ʣҲ޵оͷԶľ롣
̾ϢΪ˻ʵݱ¶ˡ
ݱ¶ʲô˼ѵ˻ʻһݲɣл
ͷ
лһ˻һǣ


2289  ǰδеΣ
˻ʾȻһݣȷǴĳл֮⡣
㲻˻Ϊʲôոճɾ;ͷھѾﵽ׼޵оͷļ𣿽ɫźܶİɫ㡣
ԣһֱ֣оܲ˼顣л
Ϊ˻ʶı˵壬˵ΪŴﵽ㾳ġ˵
ᣡ
л˭
ص׼Ҿͷ
Ȼлû̫𾪣ʥΪ׼ҵ峤Ǵ͸˼׼ңûֵ֧Ļô֣ܲ׼ҵ˻ʣ߽ϣȷԴﵽ׼޵оͷĵز
˻ʶ׼Ҳһ⣬ɻǵޡ
ͷлǵãȻǵãοǣٰܹ󣬾Ϊ׷˲֣ҲǱ׼ң׷Ƕ޹ҵģΪնɱ޵ģһôᵮģħ޵Ҫɺ̫ˣҾе׵ǿʥأа֮ףҲΣˡ
޵ĵΪ׼Ҫȡ׼פڵһ֮ȴûа֮Ϊ⵽֮ĴˣҲеһֻޣ˻Ҳǽ˻ᣬһٶɹģ׼ǳͷѾҪɫ޵оͷһֱھΪ޷˻Ū׼ҵľ˶
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2290  棡
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лҲǵڶĿĲĿģ


2291  
ڶĿġǷһ˿Ц⣬Ƿڸǣʱ¶ԹΪأҪĻʥǻǺϣһصġ
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2292  ͷ
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ʥʯأΨ֪˭֪Ҳ̵ܹʱڳɾ;ͷĹؼڣǱ¶ĻʥʯܹеľͷֹͣһлһеѰҵٸģοıȭף֮׵ȵȡ

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л֮࣬ҲǸӷӶϢȫÿһطϢĲ
ޱȣÿһ붼нʮܾеĽսʹѸٵš
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2293  ˽ѣ
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2294  ľޱ䣡
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лվüļһ⻡ѸٵķŴһӹһԲȦлػУѸٵ䡣


2296  죡
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ħռݵشܵĲл漫֮ͼ֮Ѹٵںһ·׽ǿռƬмȥ
ۣ
֮һ¶ࡣ
ħ֮ǳûѸٵ塣


2297  ȡļ
ҹлһץսռֱͣӽħ֮УҲʹħ֮ʧ˵֮С
ħ̷֮˾ֵĽ
ûĻӵؼлǾѰ·
л˫ץɱȥ
ɱʹħ֮޷ʩչսռ䣬ȵĹһţǿɱĹɵҲܴܵĴˣԵļ
Ҳ֪ħصģħ֮ĵ
лɱȥħ֮Ȼը
սռ顣
лǰػ⣬νػⱻ飬ûܵʲôˡ
ѵħ֮껯ĵҲ׷׵ıռָڵʥʯգػʥҶҲɡ
ʥʯƱؽҪٶӡ
սлǿǰѡߡ
ͷ۷Ŀû£ʧˡ
ȥ磬ܹ赲
˷һսҲʧء
ͷɫǿ߼ʧֻʣ˶ѡ
лչֳҲˡ
սռлع֮δȡ˵ļ䣬ϾΪ˵֪ܱȻܶ࣬䷽涨Ȼкܶƣǲˣܿ屬ըԼΣģлȻҪ񽻸ˡ
棬ĹǽǵһУͱƣʵͬġ
յʱࡣ
лóʥʯо
Ҷģħ֮꾫֮ʥʯӵͨ͸Ҷӵ̣ޡ
Ҫȴһܹ֮ʹһ졣
ûãȡ䣬ժͷĿռָͷѪɫ潫ճɻҽˡ
ջ񲻴ɣл
һջܶ࣬Ҳ֪˺ܶµ顣
лʲôµ˶ء
ԷǿߣǲԷ˽̣Ƕ֪٣ʹ巽棬Ҳ֪һЩΪʹܹ¶˯ǿѣǷ˳ģΪʹҲŲʷһлܾŲʷѾɾ޵оͷˡ˵
Ķûر⣬Ųʷ˿ܳɾ޵оͷ̫ˡ
ŲʷΪԡԭܵɫĳͷ磬תΪ׼޵оͷѾ˶ʷˣȻпܳɾ޵оͷ
Ҫ֪ڵľƣŲʷ˸ȥģͿɽΪŲʷ˿ڶʱڳɾ޵оͷ
˵ϸ㣡л
Ҳоء
Ѿ˯ľͷѣʹشת䣬֪Ȼֻ˼һСֶѣľ
ģ˵λҲ޷֪վǾͷ绹һ֪ҲǺܶ࣬ŵĶ֪һЩԾŲʷ˺ʹİн˵ʹľͷ˱죬ǵѺѣǿļͷҪѣΨоŲʷ˵ľŲŲʷȻǲܴӦģȻˣδעҪжԵģΪʹóر
ҲܲµһʹóرʱʮʷµһѪѪﻹʮʷ˵壬׼޵оͷľŲʷ˵õһѪעҪһ̵꣬ʱڣɾ޵оͷģҲԼʹ˯֮˽⣬ѹ
ʮʷ˵һѪ
ǾǲʥʯĿ񱦡
ǶھŲʷ˵ֱͨ޵оͷļԭŲʷ˾ɾ޵оͷôҲҪʮ꣬ȴɴȵ̣һܼ̳ʮʷµЩطսҲȻԭͬʱ١
Ųʷ˵вҲֱ
ڻδɾ޵оͷ¾Ųʷ˵սҲ޵оͷ֮ǿˡ
ʹѵͲ޵оͷԼ֮𣿻˵ǳ˯ʹͷУ޵оͷл˵
Ӧһ޵оͷ˯ǰ޵оͷģǽɫĳͷֻǺյ֮籾Դ֮ĶԳ壬ʹ屾ͻ֮пã˱죬ųɾ޵оͷģǾı죬Ͳ֪ˡ˵
лɫأô˵緽ν޵оͷһˣĻˣħ磬ż֣ҲδǶ֡
ͷ޵оͷһ޵оͷ֮ǿߣǵ֣ȫԿģһ޷ˣǻ̵ʱڣһһ
ʥǣħż޵оͷֻһǷ褣ˣһħδʥûС
ֵȴ޵оͷ
޷
֪Ǿжʱ䣿лʵ
Ӧµ߸µĳһ죬ĻδȷΪҪŲʷ˵һαչʱ䳤˵
лǲþŲʷ˳ɾ޵оͷٳְɣĻħܹˣҲָܻˣλɲͨ޵оͷܱȵġ
ȻǣϣҲûôģҪ޵оͷŲʷ˻ҪһЩ׼˴αչֻҪںʮʷ˵ѪѣҹʥǵҪѾȷǾŲʷԶͨ𹥴ħ磬ֹħ޵оͷʹ޵оͷֹż褡
Щ仯Ҳ̫˸е⡣
֪巽ʵΣлʵ
巽ľͷ٣ϾŲʷ˲ѾɱʣͷɫͨͷһѾʼɫĳͷˣΪ˾Ųʷ˰ͩСϵѪɫҲһ󲨶ʾѪ̬ƺҲõͩͩõͷ˾ͷṩľڰһЩΪȸղͷǿһߵİͷͷ硣
лԶͨƹ췽أ
Ǳ仯ԶͨѾ󣬾ֻ̫֪һΣĴ׼޵оͷѹƹ췽棬˵ѾԶͨļˡ
Զͨ޵оͷǲĻǾƹԣȷͷģҲһЩطȻʼԶͨ;Ųʷ˴ƽ׶ΣԾǳҲô׵飬Զͨŵġл˵
ͷȷˣͷԼжϣԶͨƹﵽ׼޵оͷĵز
õôĻлʶΣ
ʥǺ͵ħ磬żˣҲֻΣҵһ߻ѣҲһߡ
ԼʵܹɳԾǱΣա
ʵ
ле˳صѹ
ûʵһ߻ͨѪͺ󣬿¶ֻʧܣ뾡ʵʥЩǱǡ
ڴȻʵͻơ
ͻ֮󣬿ܽǾͷɫ꣬սͨɫľͷܹġ


2298  ʼ
֪˸ĶлоϢѹѹȫĶ
ڵ޷־ͷ֮ս
ǽл뿪˵أֱԶɱʢĵطʼȫĿޣʥʯһֻʹһ죬ʱܲ˷ѣҲԲ˷ѵġ
ʮ֮ڴϢ
ʼΡ
ӵŨˡ
׵籾˵ħе׵羫׵ǿߵĲл۹һʱ䣬ƬΣձԶɱڲ㻹ҪµĶ࣬׵Ű
лҲڲ˵ء
׵磬ġ
˵طʺˣҪһʱģһЩϵֵƶϣοܻʱ䡣
֮ͽʽ͡
л¹ڵʱٳĿռл߿ա
׵ܼвлХļУģûʲô˸ﳤʱŵġ
Ψлȫں
׵磬

л꣬ĥľ
նͷϷ׵ҫ׵粻ϵ£ǿ͵ʥףҲ׵ļżɢ£ʱʱĻܼͬĺû˵ģҿƷд׵绯裬էȥ׵֯磬ա
·ܵ׵ԲǧڵۼˣڸǼĲл꣬꣬ڤ꣬ʹǳأǲϵؼǿϷ׵п⣬شԼ׵ĵطۼͬ󺣰㷭ţ·˶Ĵ̼֮£ΨһЩľΪܵλ˲Ÿ
˳棬νǰδС
л׵֮´Լ׸߶ȵյش
ע£
ܼ׵糶γɵĵħԵģҷǳŨ񣬲ϵ׵ϴҲʹԵħ쳣⡣
·ҲǺܴģΨ˷ֵܵ׵֮ͬṩл
߽棬ħлٶȴﵽһ൱ĵزٱȵҶṩҪõĶࡣ
һǲˣ
ǿ׺䶥ʴĵطͷţȻȥ׵ˣʥסҡ
ʲôУʥôˣⶼܵĵߵʥ׺ˡ
ˣ
ѹлܹôٵľͻͽǲа
ȻҲ˼ʣ䡣
棬緽һѣ֣޷ﵽô߶ȣͱ꣬л꣬ڤݻˡ
лʣ·һڵ
һĻڵħ櫵УҲ˵ĸӡ
ҪˣʦͷĹվ櫵Աߣ˵
ɱ֮𣬲죬ɱлҾ֡ҧгݵĵĿǰ̫̫ǿƣħħʹɹ֮ǰҿ̣
ĹĵΨ̣ܳɹʧܣıҲ㹻Ӯóˡ
Цʧܣǲʧܵģ繥ݣεȲصĴۣΪǳɹ
ӦˣħҲûгɵĻʤʡĹħѵʱ򣬿˵ĳ˯ǿߣвٵľͷ걻ȴΪսսħռϷ磬ȫնɱǵľͷҲ޷˿⣬Զͨͷ褷
ǻħʹ׼櫵
ĹȻħʹ
һͷûн͡
֮գ֮ᣬ߽ϣ̼֮лΪϵţʱ䣬ĺɫɫѾ˽ٸȫɫİͷš
֮л־ңԶĵطûΪṩЩ֮ʱ֮󣬾ȻһЩ͸ȥ𲽵γ˿µɹꡣ
ǹĴڡ
˻˻
һ˻
ɹ𲽳ͣҲϵ࣬һЩɹҲʼõǿɹ׵ļ
ɹ꣬쿴Щɹ꣡
ЩֶȻΪֻģѹôĹ졣
л군ˣɹ׼ˣ쿴еɹ궼ȥˡ
лѰ·Ӷˡ
һʱ䣬˶ʡ
ܹٸɹƺƵķ˻лȥ
ɹڲϵС
֮㣬ﵽһĳ̶ȣɱ䣬Ȼ룬ɾɹˣڤС
елȻҪֳһЩ۹עġ
˵˵Σգ˭ҹģ˲ƺ͵ϮҲδûпܵģбԼİȫΪ
ɹĳֻ֣ле˷ܡ
ܹٶΨһ񾳣Ҳɹı仯
лûӣƾɹǹԾھУһɹ֮л̽񵶳ʡ

񵶳ʣⱬǧ֮һ±㽫һɹ궼ˣľû֮ڡ
Ȼлֽ񵶵գûУ·ʵͬļӲ
лȥˡ
Ǻеɹ겻ϵسϵرɣȻ㿴񵶵ϵǿ
Щǲɵö͡
˶ȻĿʡ
ôܣ񵶲ѾΪһ˰ɣԽʱһԽʱһӦǱļ޲Ŷԡ
񵶷
˵ʥ֮ĿͷɾΨһ񾳣òҲɳɾΨһɡ
˼飡
ˡ
ȫͨ۹۲⵽ȫţΪ֮
񵶾Ѿ㹻ȣǿѾ˵ˡ
ܶ˶ȻƮ
񵶵ջΪ֮
лԴ޶ãֻǰĵ
ʱһĹȥ
Ҫգʱ䶼ȥˣոոյ˳ܲסˣ׷׵ĳ֡
ҪնɱлҪ񵶡
յл֮ɫﵽһ룬Ҳ޽ӽɫˣ񵶵ĳɳǾе̬ˡ
ֻǻ칤񵶵õɹľ֪ж١
ԭٶࡣ
Ҳ˵ǵƽǰɾ͵ĺųһʱıҪࡣ
лҲһθо񵶵ƿ
֮ͻͨ켶񾳱Ѿָտɴ
лὫ𣬾дɱûд㶯񵶣
Щֵ˴ŭ
˶ֳȻˡ
һľŭţͬлǰԼʮ׵ľ룬շҵع


2299  
ͣʹҲƲס˷ֵĸֶʮˣעȷ٣Ҫ֪ܹɱʮ׵طģǶľЩֶεģˣǰͷ۷Ҳûӳɱȥġ
ĿǰʮаͷɫɫɫɫĴ꾳ĸεǿߡ
ֳȻϣȴҲսͨġ
ܼĹҪܼط귢ײΪۼ֮࣬޷㣬Ƕϣ˻ΪҪɱΪڤ꣬ǻۣԼе궼۹ˡ
꣬ڤ꣬л࣬ȴޡ
ĹŻصƣ¡¡ĽЩ谭ͳͳķ飬Ũȣǹȴвл
л۾Ҳû
Ȼػ⣬֮ʮʷ֮ҲǸϣʹػʢһЩ
ʮ۵ֵ赲ǵĹɶﲻܹ˺ңҵʥҲǼٵˡ
лȫӡ
һۡ
ȫٵ
һжԺ󣬲ǡ
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Ĺͳͳػ棬ˮҲӰǵĲ˿˿Ѻ۶ѣػⱾûгְѺۡ
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лһ֮ȫȻ͸ȥѸٵתΪս
ЩͷעУǹ֮¿ٵš
ĳ
ʮͷıӶˡ
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Ψаͷ۷ȥʮջл߸Ƕ֡ʹͷĪǾԳһͷΡ
ã棬ҳ֣ͬƹµһͷ۷弶ǿߣԵģ׵ϮҲһİտ⣬λӦûʲôɡ
ĸֱ˴˿һۣ˵ͷ
ǲͬ⣬֮ǰлɱ̫ˣǰͷ۷ǿߣòˣģģֻǴģʵԱ׼ͷҪһЩ
緽붷ϳְɡʹĪ
緽˷ľʹͶ󳬼Ϊģ׼ұع˼˻ʿƵģżʧأ˷δμӣѾ˥ܣ֣ȻҲû˷ˡ
Īͷ۷ǿƮġ
λһһͨʹͷĪȵ
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ǵ۳һִĹһ¶ɱʯͷҪӲʵҪл˿Ǹλá
лȻһЦػˮѸٵ»ۼƨ棬γɸΪֲķӲʵס⵲Ĺ
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طʱŨȳԽԶɱڲһٱϣ֮ҲǺŵģһӾۼȻ۳ʵħ㣬һӴϷҪ˸ˡ
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ǵĹħ΢һЩԾײϣʴ꣬͸ʶвľ
˸涼㣬ܵ財
лָûͣ߿һ㣬֮ΧʥײϿ׵綼
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£׷ܹȾİͷˣѽˣϾлΪޡ
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·ս֮򷢳һľҲǳʾǶ𾪡
ħŮҲ𺳲ѡ
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ƮƮȥŮ·ԺɫĶʹԼɭЦȴ˸еޱȵĿ־塣
һһöɫ񵤸С
Ϊл᳹ƻɫ񵤵İ̫߹ˣֻǷϳ˱ˣɫ񵤵ľǻعҵˡϸƻһգöɫ񵤵ľ۶ɵľɫ̻⣬ûԺɫĶʹڡ
ɫ櫰ԶȥͬʱҲȫ峷ˣ
ħͳͳ뿪ˡ
ΪҪʥˣҲˣͣһЩԵ챦ġĹס櫵ȥ·
櫵Ҫȥħʹ
ʲôħʹĹȻ
ԣνɫĸ׸ħµһָģѾɹħһҽЯŽħʹħʹһ˿ȱһ꣬ħʹһжɹ櫵
Ĺߵ櫣ûƭҰɣħµķΪħʹܵһڣţΪʲôɫҪл䶯֣ΪǲǱݻ𣿡
櫵ĵ˭˵ʧˣڽ֮עʧܣ֮ǰֻ֣Իлģ̫ˣұˣûи֪ʵ飬£ҪǵʲôңҲֻ֪ǰħķԸȥѣҪȥħʹǰգħµһɢǰ֪ͨҵģֻ֪ұǰħʹʱħ죬ǰˡ
˵һأ󷨣櫱ʧˡ
ĹվҲ֪Щʲô
߿֮ϣ׵綯
ֲƺ洫׵Яſʼڸ߿վۼһţһĵ⣬һɹɵĿ翪ʼڿб˴˵ںϣؾ޴״͡
лȻ۾չԼ˼Ҫ֮໥Լ
·֮˼״ҲڿʼֳҪ俪赲
ʱһǷͻȻͬһƵģһӽлȻһлûֱֿӱ֮ڣ˶ԼǹĺƺһӰ
ǵһٳ͵ˣ


2300  ˵Ŀ
ĳЩزɫ
ûʲôΪڶʱͣʶôģһգҪͣΪһֻνƾϴͨӲҪܶ귽ܳ͵һɣ䶯硣
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˵˳̸۵Ķ󣬿ȴûаڴ˵κϢֵأʧأ޴˵û֪ǿڣֻ֪޵оͷҲδܹ
ȻҲʾĳֻͣĿĵһ棬ʵĿģΨԼ֪
ոγɳΣ˱ˣֱȡл֮ڡ
ĳҲԾԾԵ˶춯
չֳ̫ǿǸûӦġ
ء
лԼĽս
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ɤһл塣
ȵĵɴ۾֮У۶޷̽ӰΪϵã
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Ȼ㣡лԾĵԺиִ˵ݡ
Цʶңˣƺûǰ¶ˣ֪ҲûʲôӦףҪ㲻ѾˣҲûк֮ģ˷ʵҪ㡣
лЦɱ׼ͷ˻ʶ׼飬˼֮أң
̾һ˵Ҫһ£׼ͷɱġ
Ϊһ𣿡лЦ
ŲţҲνֻ˵һʵ顣˵׼Ҿͷǲ׼⣬ģǡΪʥڵǸԶ֪֪ͨͨԶͨ׼ҾͷɱԶ֮ͨԼ޻ңΪҵʱǡҪ׵㽫׼ҾͷѪ׵ںϸûˣŹݺҵġ
л֪ȷкԶͨһսʱδǶ֡
Ц˵ûҷ֣ҵͬȴܹһ֣֮Ҳο˵ǵħĵ̣ħ죬Ȼ񣬸еħľͷҲҳ־սʶŷġ
Ļлеѱ档
˵Ϊ˰ңл
Ȼ˵ӵ˼еħӳ֣ȻٶȷɣУҴ˷ѾĻжϧðսڵһ֮Ҳûа׷ѣѾ۳ȫµĻ֮İ֮ǰһ
˵Żһ֣֮ڰС
лɴ۾ŵؿˡ
ȻڰԼ
ǲϧðΣԼġ
һ̣Ѿ޷˵ĻˣΪȷǻֻ֮ΪѾã֮׷һųԡ
Ϊʲôң㵽ʲôݡл
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ǲǶͷѾЩжˣʵ
û֣֮Ư˰ɡ
лҡͷˣѾ˻֮

ЩԾˣ˻֮ôܣΪѰ֮߱磬ҲֻǷһ޷ȡֻܽһ㣬Ѿų͵ġ
нֽĿռС磬Ļ֮ѾΪáл˵
ʾһ㶣漴Цãããİ֮Ѿ֮߱ͻֻ֮Ƿȱĩ֮ˣҪҵΪѰĩ֮
лɵһ󼤶ǰ
ҲΪ˼ˣлңֻҪμǣ˼ǰ򵥣Ҳһˡ˵
ǰ仰˼һܹʤл
˵ľͺá̧ͷǻ֮ұΪܹȡû뵽Ѿõ֮ǿˡ
лһǰ׼פѾ˼Ҫۼ㣬ǰʱ
Ҳ㱩¶ݣֻǿԵġЦұ֮ʺһ·ҰɡŻ֮ؿʼ˵Ҫȥһ»֮Ӧˣ˵ص飬Լɣţİɣ㲻ΣյģԶɱڣһȫҵѾڰֻԶɱţ뿪֮󣬿ɲҪΪ˱Լվ
лһæл
˹һЦŻ֮ʧˡ
վۣ֮лԾЩ
˼绹ϣ
˭Ժӡл΢գǷһ˿Ц⣬˶Ϊ˴ε飬ĻһָĿ֮УȫĵɢһʱԵħҵйڣһԶͳͳĳڣÿһ
лĽսҲеȫת
֮׶Ϊ黶ϲ£̾ͽԲǧڵһеħлĵڣʹĵһȥƻа˸µиǵҲ˵ٶȴš
սҰš
Ҳػ
лҲ̬ٶȣӺɫмһɫ꣬ѸٵĴﵽ֮ɫķ֮ɫ֮ĵɫ֮塭
Ѹٵɱ䡣
ǰҲһСʱʱ䣬ɫȫı仯ˡ
еĵħųųôĴ겻תΪɫɫ
̬ı仯лΪȻٽһ
ͷɫ꣡
һҲʹκΰͷаľ£ΪǿҺ̬ҲӣʶͲһˡ
лһ½ǣı仯˵̹ƣչȶ̾Ϳոճ͵ȫĺ֮ϣǱеںϡ


2301  
ںϣ̾л˸Եı仯ȾٶȷİǸˣҪлȻһ£Żظܵ
оЯļ֮ͼ֮ס
߶Ǽµ
߽ϣȻǵľɱΪʥ磬ʥˣҪ֪ԭļ֮ͼ֮׶Ǵɵģ˵Ҫ׵ҲΪڵΪγɻ֮ģЯķҲǼµļޣһںϣ̱㻯Ϊͼʥ׺ʥ硣
ͼģͬǾ춯صģֻҪ߷˾ųɵնɱɫͨͷڻ¡
лվĬĬںϣͬʱΪںϴĴĵħҲɣ
ҲˣǷƿʼɢ
ܼ׵ȴ
ԭΪ׵γɵĳŨҲѸٵɢǷ׷׵ȥʹô˵ԭǰˡ
лҲͲܵ⻷γɵıˡ
˱ǰ
ħżѾߣǵ̬ȣҪ˵һֱʾ
ʣµľ
緽ȻĪΪϾѾɱܹʵ൱ģûı
һľ˫ԵͷΪףֻľ׺ԶͨΪصһͷҶǱף˵ųɾ׼޵оͷǱʶԶͨرӵĸ֡
λħż涼ѾߣʣˣҪŬ˭նɱлͣĪ
ľ׺Ҳȵնɱлȡ񵶣ط۷壡
ԭϵ˫Ϊ񵶶ʱΪУһ֮ͷΣЩԹȫԺԲƵġ
Ժܶʱ򣬿ƵˣʵѣѣʵΪˣһоͿԵ浽ֵֵóΪѻ߻Ϊˡ
ͷɫ£ͳͳأ˴ԡ
Ψнɫͷϵǿ߲ųֱ߿ел
һ֣㿪ʼƴˡ
ȫٷٶȡ
һͬ㱬ʡ
ﵽذ֮󣬽ɫİͷҲͣɢΧȻǼӲҪñĸֳû֡
ֵΨа˴ɫͷˡ
Ҳǹƽᡣ
лɢʮףǵĽ̸˴˵ľ׺½ϹģŴɼļ֮ľлһֱ׷ģźǷͷ۷弶ķ˲֪ʲôʱ뿪޷ûȡ
ȸ㶨֮ľ
ľ֮綼δҵ⣬ȻǱԶͨǰӶˣҵ
ҵҪͣھȱɵʥľ֮ĩ֮
ĩ֮ѰңǴɵʥľ֮ǰ׼׵ʱҵĩֱ֮ӽΪǿˡ
лȻľͽߴͷԣĿľ׺
ľٶҲľ׺оûɵĺֱðವģ񱻶ħһǲ
Դӵ֮Уδйںϵ鷢лٴʹںϣҲһ£ں֮չֳٶȡ
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Ǵɫ꣬δͷ緢ֱ̣Ǻںϵ
лȻһЦһڡ
ǹȻա
ನлʥԣеޣûһо
İ壬ɻʵĴɱˣ壬л׵ȫɢ֮ǰٶʩչ׷
һǰ˵׵Ȼ١
ǰл׵һºɱͷ۷ǿߵĳ棬Щ˿Ŀģ⹥ƣѸͼ٣һȫֵһԶ
ء
촫ը
ؼһƬա
ڴڼ䣬Ҳںһγһȫµлһӱչ
ʮ׵תķ֮ţаҲ˵õһ̶ȵ
λһʲôٶȰɣлЦ
ʵҲ֪Լڵٶȵ״ﵽʲôĵز
ಣ
΢΢ȶûжκεٶƵ磬ľٶȡ
лԭһӰͬʵĴڣð˴ּ޷׷ĵز˲Ϣ㵽ֵǰ
Ӵĳֱӳײȥ
ߴûзӦ
Ψⱻĸ֣񽣷⵲

лȭͷ棬һѺۣĴ˰ͷҽһ󵹷ȥ

ʥʥ߶֮£֮ȥ
˷֮ʥӳٶȣȻǿľˣͷ㷴ӦĻᣬһ½ͷ顣
ֱ˿̣ͷźȻӦ
ٶȲлЦеĵ
Īľ׺Ȱͷɫء
Сģٶ̫죬Ҫ۾ȥжϣƾоȥ֡ʹĪѵлսδغǿܹһʤȫƾٶȣõ̫Ƕв
ƾо֣лϸֲõЦݡ
ֻǶõٶȣǿٶȸûзӳء
ĪߵٶվӰѰġ
ҵӰ٣һҪʱܹںϣмѭҲ޷ӦԡлֵָһİͷҾɱ赲
ˢˢ
ĴͷͬʱǰҪͷ
ǵлָҪɱ֣֮ﻹȥˡ
׼ˣŶˣøоģҸʱ׼ãţ˵ٳְɡл
ıߴͷɫࡣ
ͷֱɱȥȻƾлˣᡣ
һ
лһƮ㿪ͷĹ

ͷٶȹ
лͷų֮ǵı˴ˡ
лʵԣսɫͷ⣬ϼȭף񵶺ͶȻܹʤ
Ǵͷŵķ֮ӵĿֲǿȣʶܹɻͷĹ

л˵֣ҵͬʱƵ磬ٶȷӵޡ
ˢں֮Ϊɫͷزȫ汬ٶȡ
·սߵУлͺﵽ˴˵˲Ƶĵزһ˵Ŀ֮ʧˡ
̤࣡
ͬһʱ䣬ľ׺
һͷҲ֡
ͷ⵲
أ
лֱֳײǷ⵲Ȼٶǿδӹľ׺ĸӦͷûܷ
ֱʹͷĪ˲ţæ֡
ͷȫΧлٶȷٶȵĻᡣ
˷ĹһԶлһЦȻâȻķ֮
ܼıƱڰ㡣
лĿ磬ӹߴͷݣЦ֪ҵ


2302  ͷ֮޵֣
ܼ֮ÿһޱȡ
Ľ⽫ߴͷȺĹͳͳ赲ˣһвٵķ֮ȥߴͷֻܻΪء
ֻǼ֮ͼ֮׵ĹǵֵһʥʥףԶʤЧҲԡ
лҲҺ̬
ɫʵȫԵȫľҪ֮İɱ
Ȼ
Һ̬ĶʹߴͷоľҶ
ǰлʩչ籩棬ӳǾ춯صĿֲط֮ߴͷֱܵ仯ɫˡ
Ǽͬһѡ񱬷ǿ
ء
ޱĳս
ǵܹľͷһġ
˷ĳЩ֮ͳͳ飬ǱɱȥлʩչĻᡣ
ˣܰɡлЦ籩
һĨߴüѸٵγԲȦ׺ɫ󱬷
ȫ⵲ľ׺
ŵһҵлķй켣ѾӮñ˵Ρ
ߴͷͬʱԵı߶ȫз⵲

籩ĹߺһĨ⣬ػߴͷĵ֮ϣ춯ٿ߼ȫѣɫȼоǰͻ
ۣ
ͷұ۱նϡ
ͷѸʩչҶ㿪
лĵҲ֮ת޼Ҳ״αͨ켶ױԵ
֮Ȼܹߴͷ
񵶣ױԵܽףȻ񾳵ҲǹΨһһ񼶵ı
ѵߴͷ޷赲ֻѡ˶
ಡ
ۡ
㣬ѪŽӲӵĵһӶǶϱ۵ͷͷǰһɺ˿ڡ
ʬ棬ǰʹУжѵıĴͷصһִӳĸо
ಣ
ʹĪתʹٶȱʹפطҲȵ
Ȼѡ
һٶͷ˳֣ܡ
лҲǵıָŪһתһ룬˴ͷĸٲܣǲ
Ҳﵽ˾ͷ֮޵ֵǿȡ
ľ׺лĿľ׺ˡ
ԣľ׺ļ֮ľҪõģİͷûʩչƵ磬׷ȥ
ľ׺ɫ䡣
лٶȣǸǰͷӵеģǷҵİͷ۷弶ǿ߶Զûл졣
ĲӦرʶܹǰл׷
ɣľ׺е
һֳڣϱ㵴һɾҵҴǿĿռе𶯡
лڿռѾ൱Σ̱֪ľ׺пռ֮ٶȷӵޣ˵һ͵ĳײȥ

ҵռ顣
Ľɫ⼸Ҫľ׺壬ȴһ˲ƾʧͨռ֮ˡ
лҲûͣԲʮڣҪǷĳص㣬ͬʱҲڵϣһ½սռͷų
ڶ״
֮йȻľ׺Ӱ
ȻֲĿռ䴫ԶĴ͡
׷лͺȵһѳ쭳ȥ
ٶȷܹ˲Ϣʮײ⣬ֻգ۵Ĺ
ľ׺ȻҲ֪лٶȿ£ոһٶʩչռ䴫ֶΣٶߡ
ȥϷ򣬴Լҡ״ʩչûУֱжϡ
ıлһ£֮ĬҲл֪Բ޵ķʸģȻʮİա
תƷ
ףգۼ
δľ׺Ӱ㸡֮ڡ
˴ľ׺ֱ֮ڵ֮ϣ׼õĶһ飬һЩӨĶڵϡ
𶯡
ݣ
һɫĹӵ±ɱлͬʱľ׺ţٶȴ뿪
лͻ
еǰȥǵɫĹ㽫ֱӵ飬ҵ֮ϼһâնȥ
ĿȻҪתߵľ׺
ټľ׺ЦŰ֣ʧâҲա
лľ׺ʧĵطѸٵɢܿһЩϢʧĵطֳ鶯С
ȥ磡
磿лһҵĵص㣿
ⲻ󡣡
лͷޱ߼ʵԶɱŨеɽͣңԶħʹ
ħʱ䲻ȴǾ˺ܶ顣
˴뿪Ҳζ̤ƬΣյأڵħĻңӵĹĪ⡣
ң壬ʹ޲һЩԭСΪһЩ˯ǿѣÿ쳣ͷûеͻȻðһͷġ
ʥΪУƵħҪʥǽˡ
ȥ磡лһƽһ飬˾
뿪ħ绹ûдء
лħʹ飬ĶνħʹأҲһʱܹŪģ˻ʾ׼ع⣬Ʊĸǰȥȥ磬ܹܶˣѹ̫󣬶ľ׺ӵдɵļ֮ľ
ͷԵƬ̡
ѸٵóһЩٵԭƶռ󷨡
Ŀ꣬磡
ʵֻǴ˹ȥʵɵĺܣֻӣһ׼վУ󷨡
âл˱뿪˵ħ硣
磬ɷȵɷĶʱ֮δ֮ǰҲֻͷˣǿĻֻǰͷɫѡ
Դʱ˯֮֮󣬵ɷĵλѸļΪĿǰΪֹ֪ǵɷаͷ۷ǿˣǷھͷ֪
лɷǰ
˵ľ׺ɷˣл
ûȥӡ˵Ҹǿռͣ趨ڵɷĳطġ
ô˵ɷкܴѾԶͨˡл
ӦˣȻĻ󷨡
лۿ͸С
ɷռзԲǧֻһСֵطǸеܹһЩµϢжϣȷһɷǳ΢ؼԺԲƵԵϢйһβ
ȥл
Ҳò
лʼ磬ҪֻҪûĹκεطȥģǷңҶѾȥˡ
һлĵԽԽˣȻҲл֮ˣԼΪնĸ֣׼פطܵѹСһЩǶԼһĥԼĳͷ硣
˱̤ɷȡ


2303  ɷǸõط
лƮɽɷȡ
ͨȻеɷȵĸְػţЩȴûһ赲ģûкȳѯʵģֻǶлͿͣŮرע⡣
ҲʾлѾʶơ
̫ǿʢˣɷСֶܹͨϵó
񱩾ݹ٣ʧԶӭ£
ǰУһӵɷڴ
ֻͷ׵ߴƮɳмߺԶ㱧ȭӭЦݣԵҲ΢Ц
ǰǵɷȵĹˡлǵı֣⣬ĿǰΪֹɷȲûȷıʾ֧ĳһûκһȻľ׺ܹԶͨҲĹϵ
ұɷȹԶɽмҽܵλҵɷȵλ̫ϳϡ
лͷǼˡ
֣Ҳǲôӵģ϶ɷԶͨеĹϵҲͲҪʲôˡ
֪лҵɷкιɣɷԶɽʵ
ɱˡлԶɽ۾˵
ԶɽϸһĨЦ⣬лٿЦˣҵɷлһûаԹлɱء
ʼգлûв׽Զɽʲô仯
Ϻ꣡
˾֪Լ׷ɱľ׺ģȴ˵Ҫɱ˵ʱûа仯ֵûɣб仯ǲ֪ľ׺
ܹˡлЦţ˵ڵɷһĶɷ֪ܷҪꡣ
磬ϵʥǷ涼ϸļأлҲĶģȻɷҲ⣬ǶȻκδܹζûб벻עⶼѡ
ڵɷһֵɷе滨
˵˻ãľõ߻ħ仨ҩƶ鵤仨׺Уܹʹñɷأȵȡ
ɷǵɷȵıб
леΪѰԶɽ¶Ϊ֮ɫ
ãлЦ
ʹ˼á
ҪǽɷڣѰľ׺ȡɼ֮ľΪԼİ֮׽ȫ׼
лҲ֪ɷҵɷе֮ΪҪ͸л٣УҪϻſԡԶɽ
ҪǾлЦҲûɷȣ⿴羰ȵǵϢ
Զɽ̫ϳһۣЩΡ
Ҫͬɣ˵ڡ
ðɣлٹ٣ҲǵҡԶɽƣл٣롣
лЦһͷǰȥ
ԶɽҲֻһԸ顣
Ǿֱӽɷȵĵش
һ·лȫɢκһ߼ĵطûܶѰ
ϧʼûľ׺ټ
ҲڰѲ飬ܹȷľ׺ûʹÿռ뿪ǷߵģͲö֪ˡ
ڼҲɷԶɽ˵ЦģǺܾòѡ
Զɽ֮£Ǳɷȵһ羰续ɽׯɽɽƣ鶯֮ʹɽͿȥƮ޶һЩ̲ɴӰɽ̽һЩ滨ɢŵ㡣
ɽ£иɽ彨һЩɽˮһ˲У԰Ρ
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ɽׯڲûκˣҲֳԶɽľ˻Ҫʲô
лվһĵСԱߣڵſ棬ƾ΢棬ڵ㷢Եɣէȥɾ£ɷˡ
ʲô
лһЩʳЦɷȣԶͨ
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Ϊ˿϶ûʲô֮ʵ
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黤Զͨһ࣬ΨԶͨž黤
黤ص뵱ػɳľһ޶ʲôɫôϳɷ黤ģЩ⡣
лǷħĵħͼóָһ㣬㿴ħصģԶͨ²ٿ黤ڵħսĵص㣬бע黤ص㡣
ڵͼҵǸʾķš
Ϳдţ黤˿ڱƤ·
˿̻𿴵ļƤֵɫʱҲûôע⡣
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лЦȻħ廨ƳģͼòЩעŴĺ壬ħʱԶʥʱħ綼ǽ㣬ǿڽЩءӵʳеĸɽЦƺǵѪἰ˿װһá
ͷ൱ã˿ҵװϢ÷Զܷ֣ǰңߡ
ĵɷ黤͹ˡлЦ
㵹Դ󣬵ɷȼȻԶͨ϶ﰲɣȻľ׺ǰ˵ء˵
лȻһδܹвҵģҪˣڵңͷ޶֡
ȷûоͷ
еĻ϶Ѿˣٺ٣ԶͨҿҪܻ׽ˣҴﵽʥ壬ǲҪκεȴˣΨһĽ;ǣ˵ûоͷġл˵ţĿ⿴ǽԶһ¥ǵط۾Ȼ޷͸ȥѾעܾˡ
ǲҪȥ̽̽Ǹ¥󣬾ͿʮԶĵطһӰȻľ׺
ʹ磬ȥɱľ׺л
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ʩչɽׯ
˾Ͳ֪ˡ
һ䣬л͵ľ׺ڵĵطһԺɷ黤ûˡ
лչٶľ׺
˴Ҳǿˣľ׺һϵɷеķ̣ٵźɽȥԻһɷȵİͷţ˰ͷɫģָ߱˵ľ֣ǰˣǿЩҪлˣ˵۵ģΧǳģҪǱ֣ܾΣˡ
ǹɽׯڣǾܵԶһЩᱻֵġľ׺ŵĵţȷɽڵһصĹʯԪʯ
ͷΪȷм١
ľ׺ͷãԪʯͻƾͷ磬ҶȻ˴һرӵɷȡ
лͷһԪʯȻ˺ö


2304  ʯ鲼
ԪʯʯеһʯͷñܹκαԴ֮תΪҪΪԪʹõĻԽ仯Ϊ֮ҸԪʯڵʱ䳤̣̺ҲǲһģʯѾ𽫽֪꣬ʯеԪʯٴ꣬ô̺ŵ֮ȻǷǳģȫľ׺һֻ̤ͷİͷɹͻƵġ
лҲĶˡ
õԪʯһδģͻƣδ֪
ûмŶ֣ǵɷȵԱܼﶯ֣ױ˷ֵģʱ˵Ҫ͵ɷȷͻǲ£ûȷԷ޵֮ǰҲ׵ðգл׼֮ˣҲΪ˯֮ѣʹκСˡ
ʱ
и档
ľ׺͵ɷȰͷ˵𾴵ĴкУתɽ
ɷ˵ǹȣʵڵɽʮǳӴǧҲֻлǰĸоڿǧķΧ㹻ġ
νɽǵɷȵһأһɽĺ棬ɽγһǵشר˸ػûеɷԶɽκ˲ڡ
ͷó֮󣬱ľ׺С
лƾɽ롣
ǵشŨ֮Զʤ屶ϣҷǳĴƱرĴһ
ܾһЩ滨ݣʯ
лЩʯе㻳ɣɷȥʯ磬õһЩʯĺöղġ
Ũ֮Ծʯá
ľ֣ǱԪʯͷһָǰλãһʯϷһöȥֵͨɫԲƵʯ顣
ľ׺ĺЩһץ
ʯ΢΢𶯣ȴδһɵĺɫϢɢϢڴ˵֮ŨصĵطԵ÷ǳĹ죬͸һ޷ܵаУ·Ϣͬһֲֻڵ۾¶ɭĿ⿴ܵ
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Ǽͬʱǰȥľ׺ΪߣԳһأ˲ϢԪʯĽǰץȥ
δԪʯͿԪʯڶȻѿһ϶汬һɫĹߣľ׺üĴ
ݣ
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춯̾
Ƿ׷׳
Ҫ˵Σգ˿˽ɷȰͷȵ
Щһˡ
лҲЩֵĿԪʯȻѾȫ䣡
ԪʯȻܣ˵صʯӦþʯģʥʯ˵Ӧһİ
ڵлϣľܹʥʯߣÿ½һεܵĴﵽһޣһԸȻǶͷȣ˼ܹṩ̫ľˡ
䰵ûг֡
ǰߣɷȰͷɫĿ¡
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ľ׺ȷһ¡
ٶԪʯȥ
˷ٶȸ죬һȭ˹ȥ
һȭ൱ͣľ׺ųɵκһöԪʯģԱ档
ȭͷոջӳԪʯƺӦٶѿһ϶
ݣ
һɫĹһұǰһεĹߴ࣬Ҳʵ࣬Լࡣ
еǿǿ˼
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ĽսһɷȰͷĽŵס
лڵľ׺ܹ׷ɱĵӴܣҪ˵һɫİͷһµĻᶼûС
ΣͷɷȰͷæóһƽз⵲
ˣ
ڰ֮£ֿȫޣֱӱˣҲ˵ɷȰͷ沿ʹô˰ͷͷƾʧˡ
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ľ׺ǿɫ䣬ѵɷλѾɾ;ͷ磿
֮УȻЩʧ
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лһ½ʧľ׺У£ľ׺ҲˣûﾹȻ˶֣иעԪʯİߣеɷ顣
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л˵һĴ·
أۣݣ
춯ȺĴ
ľ׺һսռ䣬лһնľ׺ۣԪʯܵ˰ߡ
ʹľ׺һʱҪȴ߾Ȼ˲Ϣ㵽˽ǰĿλãľ׺ʹһ
ˢ
лӦѸ٣նࡣ
ľ׺ȻնУ޷ģǰעҪ
ľ׺һʱѡ˶
ߵѾˣľ׺֪ɷеλܿѾǾͷ磬乥ȻӵĿ¡
ˡ
Σͷľ׺ͷһðһɫϢľԵĶѸٵһԲεĶƵӣз
֮ľлһ۱㿴õҪĴɼļ֮ľ
˷ǰҪĿǼ֮ľ
أ
һն۵Ķ棬һն飬ľ׺ѪǰȥлҲ̽ȥˡ

һѽǼ֮ľиնľ׺ϵתΪл
֣лѸٿսռ䡣
һνľ׺Уʹľ׺ⷢĲҽδܴݳȥ
ʱľ׺ѾֿˣɫҰףȫ壬۶ѴѪֱͷҲѪ۱ĶлҾҲҪ汳
£̿ʼѡ
Ա
лһսռ
ͷ۷弶ǿߵԱǷǳµģɫͨͷױɱġ
䣡
սռ顣
Ǳըսռڣƿսռ䣬޷ɢģԱսռһ
лǼ֮ľ΢תΪԼˡ
֮ľ֣ǴɵģֻҪٵõһЩľ֮ͿԿʥľļˡ
ҪﵽʥľҪǰȥ򡣡
֮ľպãܵʯԪʯ


2305  ֮һɫ꣡
Ԫʯԭģϣںѷ죬ص˸еΣҲ˸еļ֡
ľ׺ɢһЩҲ֪һ˼
ߣǵɷĳһλеҾǵ˼ƺǵɷڵλ֪ͨʲô취ȡԪʯѾԪʯɾ;ͷ磬ʲôʱ򣬳ɾ͵һ磬֪
ߣߣлԺиأѰһЩߵֶΡ
֣ߵƺħޣࡣ
лһ£ǰ
Ԫʯǰ׵ĵطվ
ǰлڡ
Ԫʯѿһ϶ֳһĨīţһֵĹӰֳϸ֣ᷢǾȻһֻħЫ
ֻǴħЫЩͬβоŸ֮࣬˸źɫĹԴ·ʱܷ乥
ŴħЫлѿڵ
ħЫҲֺܶģɾǾŴħЫ˵ŴħЫħЫһµģеľŴȫ죬Ǿͷ磬ʱħ޾ͷеһ֮࣬ǿħ޵ܹǰ
˼ģŴħЫӰ֣ȻʵĴڣӦʹõĳطֳġ
ѵ㶼ˣҲ֪˭ɡл֪Լնɱľ׺˵飬϶ŴħЫ֪ˣҲ
ŴħЫ񵶣񵶣
лЦ˴˵Ѳɻʲôܹȣ
ŴħЫлݣػɷĵɷȸйĻҲԣлˡ
ȻлʶŴħЫӰƯǶ̵λãԭģڷ£һӵͼϸĻ֣ᷢͼ̺
л۾ʱ
ͼȻǵá
˼纣ʵ뺣Ħ˽֪ܶ࣬Ħ˵һЩֶΣרֹ˼ðģǾǺʱ
ǺĦǰֻħ裬̺Ыл
ңŴħЫɬĵѾ̺ЫȫɱΪŴħЫˡ
л
ŴħЫ̾һһѾ˼磬Ұ£ƣߣȴԶͨãұΪû뵽Ȼңͨɷ黤ɷϵ͵ɷȣҷڵɷڡ
ôʲôл
Ҳ֪ŴħЫԶͨɷһΣרΪһЩ飬ҷҵĿӦǷϾһʱѪҪ̼ҳɳѪʲôŶԡ
һħޡ
޳Ϲϵʮа˾žΪ귽顣
лѾ֪ԶͨʮʷҪ壬ľͷһҪ˵ܹɣģƱطǳˣѲֵģѰѪĻȻҪôģжҪɵġ
ˡлͷǰεõԪʯģ
ŴħЫɷڵɷأȻڶ̶ڳɾ˰ͷ۷徳磬ҽ˴󶾴̣ʩչ˴̺һԪʯܹÿ챣һΰ˴̺һĻᣬСʱ꣬Ҳųɹġһ£˵Ҵﵽͷ磬ѪҲõ޶ȵļԶͨȻϴǰûжҶ֣ѾôҪҵѪˡ
Ѿҵ˱İ취صĶ壬ȥնɱ˵ȡɹɡлɫΪأԶͨѾĳһ壬˭أ˭ܹԶͨأ᣿
벻ʲôдʸȴףѾɹԶͨûҪڶ뷨ˡ
ԶͨԴԺֻһ֡
Ǿɱ
Զɱ˷жľ׺Զͨû˼Ҫء
ԶͨѾΪˡ
ЩʱѹԺҪٵǽȾŴħЫҪ֪ŴħЫǸոͻƳɾ;ͷģľŴ󶾴ֹĻ޵оͷıǰ߻еģΪⲻǹ£ľ綾
ȳŴħЫƾ˼һ̨׵ġ
ڻ׼פٵΣмİ
ǰɷʲôƣβлʵ
ɷڵɷأԶͨԵɷΪʩչطҷΨʯһЩʯȡɷŴħЫ
лԣЦʯʯǸ򵥣лһʯرνʯ߳߰˸Ρ
ŴħЫԣɵֱŹ⣬ģұѰɷȶδѰأ֪ɷһλͷ۷ǿߵȥʯѰͻƾͷ˳ռ˴ʯ䱦ʱʱģų˯ģѾѣôʯ䱦жûдﵽյɷҪʯ
ðɣҸǰ֮Ϊʯһȡɷ⣬ǰܷģֻνɷΪأл
ʯһ
ŴħЫӰԾһζ˼¡
𾪡
ܿ侲ŴħЫ취õɷȵ룬ɷķ̫ˣǴӵ¶Խ룬һǿд룬̾ͻɷ黤֪ԶͨģΣˡ
Ǻðɣ취л
ȫһ˵ʯٶ̺һʱıԴ֮ŴħЫ
˵֮Ȼʧˡ
Ԫʯںѷ졣
лܵΣóʥʯ
뿴ʥʯܷȡЩʯʯڵľʥʯ޷Ӧ鼸ʯԾǺ޷Ӧͷųһ㾫ϢΪлʹˡ
Σʥʯ
һƨڵϡ
ʼĽսҲͷųĽɫߣûһʯڣȡеľһӱ㽫Щͳͳĳ壬ȫ濪ʼ
ǰҲһСʱʱ䣬ʯľͳͳרΪս
һӾýսһα
ǴӴɫһ³֮һĽɫ㡣
лվ޸пĵɷȵҪ֪Ҫˣ֮һİͷܹͨ켶λɫǿ˿ԽɾͰͷɫ꾳ġ
˿档
ЩΪտʼ죬ɷȥİͷϳȥ淢Ҳûٸҽʡࡣ
лһţʩչ·Ǹׯ԰ڡ
ع֮˵һ¹ھŴħЫ顣
ҲǾϲѡ
ջˣ˼Զûб濴ȥǰ򵥰
ҪõɷǽɷƺЩѡ
˵ɡлҲúѡ
˱ʱ
µûнΪȫʲôͷ˻Ƿǳͨǧңսռġ
лͨ۹۲졣
ѰһпܵĽɷ
лЩǣȻûҵɷԶɽټνĳϻҲӰ
ɫʱɷȣùԶɽٴģ֮ˣȻǷˣ


2306  ŷ
˵ĳлע⡣
˷һͷ۷弶ǿߣΪ˵ǳӽͷ磬ٹ꣬ɳɾ;ͷˡ
ɷȣ̬ưĺܡ
лһж۵ףԳƷ罨İͷν̬Եɷȵָʹȫ̬
ڵɷȷı֣СԴ
ǱԶͨȻͨ죬ǲ׼Ǳ¶Ҳֻ̡
лﰵ㣬ǷԽ罨ĳ֣취ɷأ
֡
̽ţ۹עеķ罨ȻΪȵɷȱ̬ңȻֻ˵ɷһ̫ϳϵĶӣһҲŭ˵ɷȷ档
Զɽˡлͨۿŵɷȷ氵еۣɵЦ
ɷԶɽҲǾø߼磬뼸̫ϳ飬Ҫлֲ֮罨档
ǲ֪߼лûá
۽һжˡ
ʲô֪淢һС
˷罨Ű裬ȵɷȼ룬ɱ˵ɷȵһĸֽ壬ŭ˵ɷȣǵĶ֣޷ɱ罨棬÷罨ߣɷȴѣҪ֣ɱ罨棬ҲɽƵҵϣˡл򵥵˵һ£սռ䣬عر
⵹һԽɷĽڡ
лЦɷ󣿺ٺ٣ȻԶɽˣ˵Щʲôɡ
ԣԶɽĵڴ
лʲô
ûãԶɽԵŰݷá
л١ԶɽȥЩǱ
ôˣǱлһ㾪涼ûС
ԶɽЦлۣѾ˷罨ŰһĻˣлٲҪȤˡ
۵飬֪Ҳ
ҿˣֻǲ֪ңҪʲôܲȥɱ罨ɣл
лд⣡Զɽ
лһ˿Ц⣬ҶԹɱһˣȻûʲô⣬ֻҿûȤΪɱ˵Ȥ
ԶɽֻҪлܹɱ罨棬һеһȥɷΪҵɷһЩɷҵɷԸɷ
ȥɷɷ
ԱߵһЦ
ԶɽҪͽɷѹлŻǰ˵Ž⣬æˡ
лЦеĵǸ罨治ĻҲҪҽɷΪһЩɷȻɷɣ
л١ԶɽϽ
лĻʵʵ˵ɣҶԵɷȤǺܴ֮ҪѰһˣνĵɷûж
ԶɽЦл٣ֻеɷ
ʼ磬лŤͷ˵߰ɣ˾ôãҲ뿪ˡ
˵ű߿ա
Ҫ뿪
лٵһ£Զɽæ׷
ʲô£лȻĵ
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ʯ
лԾضһۡ
ıﰡ
ǰŴħЫ˵ɷȸոѵǿİͷʱʯӶһģջ
лʱҲ֪Զɽĵǿɽһͣû뵽ȻǺĵʯ
ɱ罨ԣҳеҲԣ֪ɷô£ԼĵطΪҪȥɷлȻҪȥܹҪֳһЩɻ󣬲Ȼϼ޻Զɽɵġ
ɷԭǵɷȵһصأֻһЩ쳣ҵȽɷ޷룬ɷֻллҲΪԼһЩɷġԶɽ
лҾ԰ɡ
Զɽϲл롣
лֵȥ罨ǡ
˸лԵȡԶɽϲˡ
лɽׯڡ
һЦ
˶ееЦȻͽɷȾŴħЫҪˡ
ʱ䲻࣬Զɽ罨ǰ
õĽ޷Ǿ÷罨ʱϢһҹոһ𸴣ɱ㽫罨ˡ
֣롣Զɽɽׯͣ¡
š罨Ӧһ΢΢ͷֻһϵʱ䣬绹ûҴ𸴣ɷȾ͵ɣ
Զɽϼһ鴤ֻǿŭ𣬡һ𸴡
⻹ࡣ罨˫ֵˣܹ˵ɷƺһʯɶԣ
ûУԶɽĵ
ʲô
罨תȫһƣɽѹȹȥĶԶɽ˵ҵõϢм٣
ԶɽѹȵļѪ
ֻǽɫͷ罨ɫжһĺɫȣ֮󣬸һϵġ
ִӺε֪ҵɷȻеʯرģǿʯеرԶɽ
罨ٺЦҲ֪ʯһ֪ӵеطʯţǵطʯҾֻ׸ҼˣʯҰɣҵһŮǡÿʹá
Զɽò
ʯʯطʯԶͨûи裬ȻҪͳͳˣ
ԶɽƵǣ罨ҪлնɱһĻǲǰװ͸лһ
֡ԶɽЦ
Ҫһס罨ֵʯطʯҿԷŹ㣬Ȼߺߣ
в˼Ա
ԶɽȻڴлҲ֪ɵӣȫǳûٵĻᣬôֹܳ罨ҪȥҲǱߵġ
ֲҪ̫ҵɷڲûеʯ͵طʯԶɽһͦţҪǿӲһЩ
罨ĵ㻹ҷǺã㣬֪ͨפڵɷķҸֽɷΪƽأ
˵Żϱ㼤񱩵ɱ
Զɽæȵ
罨ңָԶɽӴԶɽԼȫɷȣʱһҵ
Զɽһӿռָóʯͷһֵɫɢǵʯһŵ΢绷ţǵطʯ
ҲԶɽͳ罨ֱˡ
ʶ࣬ɣϢ罨ҡڵĽɽׯ
Զɽϼⲻϵس鴤
ıŭˣȴֻ̡
罨ű־лע֮£˶Դ˱൱⣬ʯ͵طʯܹΪã˵пܽöʯһٴͨ켶λɫͷɫء
ǿ汦
͵ϮŻ֣ҪˣҲҪٵռָ˵˵ıءл˵
ͷס
лû¡
Ϣ罨濿˵ΪߣҪɱ֮ҲףǷˣܵĻҲмܵġ
õ罨Ҳ⣬һ֮ŨıԺڡ
罨óطʯһ£ЧΣܲΪپһЩɴͷˣʸһء
óطʯţ̺ŵķĻ룬һأɾ;ͷȵȡ
л۸֪ȷ罨ˡ



2307  ʯ
лֱӴӵ±
񵶵ⴥ罨ƨɵʱ򣬷罨Ҳл䲻ãǵطʯı仯
罨ɫ䣬ƴؽٶȷӳ
ಣ
˲Ϣض
ˣл͵ϮԾЧģǷĵֱӶƨɣһ֮ն˷罨ȡ
罨ǿžʹѸٵܡ
ֻ֪뿪˵أſܻƴʩչҺųһӰ١
罨棬ߣ
ӰӵȻܳһɱȥ
˺Ȼǵɷǿͷ׼ˣʯ͵طʯҪġ
峤ԶɽҲʱ׼֡
ΪԸնɱ罨жС
ɷȣǲҷȫ𣡡罨ŭƲóһҲ׺ݵĳײȥ
ͷػһ
ǿʢĵɷȰͷȻǺʤϾ罨һȶûˣܹ⣬ѪһԵɳȥѡֱߺˣñл׷ϡ
ѡҲʹлɷǿͷԶˡ
һۣƴٶȣ
˭ˡ
ԶԣɷȰͷһЩ
ಣಣ
ͬʱתƷ򣬱ȥһǷ罨棬ҪնɱȡĿռָ
ٶȸԶɽϵʹɫ
ݡ
ڰͷϰг֣ʮ⵲лǰƹ罨棬ʵǶл赲
лЦ
Զɱıִûбɷȵ֪ȻַֹٶȣֻǿЦ֮
ȫǰ
ˢ
лٶȻһ࣬ǼʮϮ֮ǰԽȥǽǵɷǿͷ˦Զһնȥ
شķ罨ֵܹ
ý⵲ûˣڶĶ˲Ѻۣ΢һ·Ҫһ
лһնɱ
ݣ
һɱ֮Ǵſռָָ飬ȴÿռָ۷ɻȥˡ
лһ֡
̽ץȥ
ݡ
ʮ
лһЦȫӣֱײȥһ¾ͽЩײ飬һѽռָץס
ĶҲǿ٣ֱӽ
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˵ֻǸԼһɱ˵Ľڰˡ
ɷҲԶͨƿصҪʥԵģǰɱͷҲǺõġ
л飬ǡԶɽе
ûлٶȿ죬˲Ϣ˫ȭȥ
ͷıʱۡ
л˸ŽӲӹâĽսȭͷͷǰ׵ĵطͣǿǵ壬ǰĳһѪۣҲܵشҽŵɳȥ
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л٣ŷ罨еĵʯ͵طʯԶɽ
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۾˵ѻž˼ˡ
л١Զɽ
лĵʯ
ǲɵԶɽ޵ɱȷ罨Ű˿ģɺޣȻҪʯ
ɷǿͷ
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ӹԶɽĵʯлռָ˵ʯкܴİӦÿԽʯ
˵һȻӦˣǾͻȥлЦеĵǰȥɷɡ
ɴ෴Զɽе㵡
Զɽе㻳ɣһ£ǰ
ɷǰɷ黤Ǿаͷǵĸɷï֦ҶػɷرĲ֡
ԶɽڵɷǰŴŻ
ǵĺϢлһЦɷ
ڣԶɽ¹رŻ
ʱɷȵļͷҲۼԶɽʩչ߼
ǲǺΪͬ⽫ʯɷǿİͷ˵
ԶɽҺ֡
ͷЦܼ򵥣Ҵлˣ
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ǻľ׺ӦÿԽԪʯͻƳɾ;ͷģлڵɷڣ֪Ǻúһ£ɷʱ򣬾͸ȫɳɹͷ
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ǲɵöЦ
ɷΪʵǵرһͿˣûʲô翴ŵν¥㣬ݵ֮ġ
ɷĽĿľֹɷѨڵĵɷɢݳɷǵţѹɷġ
Щʲôáл
ӽ֮ڲ鿴ɷŵţŪá
֮˵һ൱󷨣ȷѹɷɢģ߱Ҳ΢޸һ£һǿķ͵󷨣ǾͷҲһ»Ƶġ
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лʯ͵طʯԼ򽫷罨ĿռָڵƷһмԵĶǷԵģҲˡ
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ʶлҪĺ͵ɷȵǿͷսûʮİա
Ũĵɷھҵķš
ԭΣҲʵĴڰ㣬ȥĳɱĽصķһ
л£Ȼдɷ
ҲϣƾʣȫԵֵܰӰ죬ѸٵǱ
Լһǧ֮ɷȻء
лҲовʱɷɷɷйЩɷԶʤ֮ǰˣóʯ
ʯʯҲһ
ʥʯʯȷѷɫܶ࣬ȵʯǿʯҲǴɷʯɵлѸٵ½
׵ľ룬лſŴħЫ
ŴħЫʮɷ۳͵ĴڸӴҲǾһ𣬿ȥܿµľŸ˸ڹ⣬˸е־壬лϢĵŴħЫɴϲɿѸ½ȵҪǰˣΣգ


2308  ɷ֮
ΣնָմӾŴħЫĿз׵·ӿǿĿֲĵɷܼ֮Ľ꣬ÿһͶޱȵʵȴҪлǰĽǿʢٱֹ
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лٶȻޣ˲Ϣ£һƽʥʯС
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ԭɢЩɷҲʧˣŲϵţҲѸٵļС
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ͬʱðһͷ
뿪ɷȣȥ׼פأҪȥң
ŪΪʲô֮Լ䣬һ󵨵뷨Ū˶ʥǴʱ䡣

ѾͻˡŴħЫлһ±ʶʵ磬̾ĵͷ
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ȷˡŴħЫЦ
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һ֣Ŵ̱㱬ŵߡ
лҲɱ˳ȥ


2309  ɷ
ŵߣɢŸ
ⰵ߹ΧڵһͳͳıĨɱĽɽͳͳıݻ٣һ
ûһ⵽谭
ŴħЫǰڶǯ׺ݵɷľͷɱȥ˾ͷǷμӵŲʷͳ˧ΧʥжеģֻΪŲʷ˻δأʶʱһط
ͬɫľͷ
˵սͣŴħЫҲǽڽڰˡ
лҲʱҰɱ
ԶɽɷȽյǵɷͶԶͨʥǵУɣлżȭף񵶣׺ɱȥ
װļӳ֣ȻǸոմﵽͷɫ꣬սͷɫģͨ콣һɱȥֻͷɫĸͳ˧һǿߡ
Զɽɷ黤ɱɷǿͷȵ
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ʮǰһսƾ㶷Զʤͨ˾űδܹ㣬ڡлһЦδǰһƱ㰴˹ȥ
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һ޴гֱֳӽǿͷС
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ǿͷҽһˣϸǳ˿Ѫۡ
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ˢͻأľ͵Զɽǰʮ׵ĵز˵ıӿҪˡ

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лЦһ˳һɨȥľΪȻǿһܵţսԷӳĳɣֵһս
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λǵĿ꣬Ҷ֪ˣԭҪֳͬʱģβ֪˭©˷żħʥǷ׼ǲòǰ֡˵Ǳʹͷ˴ǰȥżʤܣѽֻҪţҿԱ֤żڵõһбۺεȼ𣬶ԼҪϽ
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פؽߣȴͬУۿ̽ȥ޷͸ȥֻһ⡣
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Σոоʼûʧ
лһֱսռڣδн˼ûã㿪ʼǾ͵ȴɡ
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2310  챩ս
뿪СʱлСĽսռ䡣
ˡ
սռ䣬Ȼ޷֣޵оͷܹٸӦģԶûԼǰ㣬սռܹκξͷ޿κεĵز
Ҫ
𲽳ɳѾʼЩĿ´ˣвؾͿܵٲԨ
µ޵оͷĲܹȵġлЩµĵ
ͷ׼޵оͷ㶼ʹֻ޵оͷңңǸϵģ˿е£޵оͷԶԶ׼޵оͷܶˡ
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Ŀҿû˵Ǹ׼ͷĪЦ֮ǰӪС˵طפأ
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ֻųһ㼸ԺԲƵʣʣͳͳսɣʾ챩սİ֮
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һɷǳ΢ų⴫ǲ޷С
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פڣû谭ܹɵߡ
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ǶԷפҲǴ˽һЩ
Ⱦǣפж󣬳˷棬֪Ϊڷס͵һضǱռػŵģ綼޷͸жôӴжٸС
αǳǱ޵оͷĵطرĵطǷҸͷҪȡġ
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սʱսѵƬ޵оͷռͨŬġ
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˻δսڵأл۾ͷַҵͷȻһַָ˶ŵΡ
̫ģһҾͷȴлòעˡ


2311  ͸
սΪҾͷվˡ
лתƷ򣬴ǰ£ȥϸ͸ȥ鿴Ǹҵľͷ
ҾͷصҲ߰˸֮ࡣ
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𰸵ȷ̫ˣһʱеԽܡ
лԾżںܾǰ׼磬ڷפаţҲ֮еģ޵оͷͳ˧ֹżǻûе㷴ƴʩ𣿡
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лȤĿš
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˵֮ĺΪеķ綷ȫڸģȷǷΪż淽褳ֵĽܹ޵оͷһ֣ºѲְɣ
лڴβ׵ʱܹȷǵ
ҪپǾϼ£ҲңӮһռսͰ乬Ҳң
ߺߣ֪ΪϴβɥҹڻһֱһҪң㺦ҲֹĴ˰ɣðǾ͹ƽ
㣬ʧȥ׳ͷĻᣬɱ㣬
̨
ڻǳˡ
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˾ٶҲҵĸֶϹȥҪ֪ǿǷǿߣǷ޵оͷұ׼޵оͷĸԱʶ˴ĿɲԼ
Ҳлһ˿Ц⣬Ҹұ֤ǸżٰķҸ֣϶ȡζģһĿġ
żڷפص׼˰ɡ
ӦòлЦż涯ҲãʡԼˣߣȥս
ԡ
սפسȴ޵оͷƵ֮⣬ʢ󱦵֮һѡ֮أ׼޵оͷѡڴģ֪սĲͬ
ݶȡļ䣬Ǻױҵսڵء
λڷפصǡ
ĹУܹо˵صķϵ֮ӵŨǰʮףһʵǳء
ڷԵ˵°빦ġ
л۽в鿴սڴ㱻ˣƺʲôã޷ۿ
Ҳսڴ
ǰͷ
սһΪٳӴɽڣɽΪնϣγһרŵĳܶǾƷģлԾЧ档
һжԵ÷ǳء
лǻţζ֡
ͷǰɫģȻûкɫĴ꣬ҲǰͷĴˡ
лԸһ˵Ļȫ⡣
ͷһҲһЩգʮףڴԵطͬʱնɱǵġ
͵ϮĻмɰһɱ
ʮɣлŵĵǹƽԣҲаڽһնɱ
ǸͷͽҰɡ
㣿лҡҡͷװսҲ˵Ķ֣Ҫ˵ע⣬ѡ
ֻҪʹսռ佫Һбˣа취
¶ɻ֮ɫлɲҪð¡
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ãҷսռһ˲䣬ҹ֣ͬл˵
л͵ͷǰ׵ĵȻҲͷǰǱء
˶һ׼
װҲȫͷųѪҲװĸͼʹЩͼΧķ֮
Ѿ׼
лҲγ񵶣һ֣սռ̳ͣͷС
ͬʱҲһ֡
Ϣð棬л񵶱ֱӴĵ˸Уεķ֮ɱȥ
ͷɫʵȷѾǳӽͷˡ
ٶȷ棬лܹþͷɫ궼Ҫʰ·ģοлҲǰͷɫ꾳磬֮ûжٲġ
ȫ֮£ͷδӦ񵶱ĵâѾͷ
Ҳͷˡ
ʷפأûֵ鷢иˣû͵Ϯ
ʵʹ⣬ע
һնɱ
ͷ㷴ӦûС
аͷлҲע⵽ͷѪ鵼ķ֮ʥ֣һ±㽫ͷˣ֮ǰͨ콣һ顣
ͬһɱ
˶лĴָ
˦˦㷢ĵ԰ɡ
һۣЦ
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Ȼϲѣսڷ֮˵ǿлеҶǰٶȡ
Ѫһصģĳ׿츳һٳͷ硣
սռ䡣
սڴ
˵Ũ֮ΪηûģлͷӴڣ֮ķǳŨаġ
Ҷȡ˼ʾ޵оͷǽģԭҲ֪Ͼĵλ̫ˡ
лͷ
˱սɽȥ
̤УͺƱһˮһ㣬˵̹лĽսҲȻ궯
Ȼս׵Ķ
лȴûаϲãΪǰ棬Լһ׵ĵطȻһͷ


2312  ô죿
ͷлһϢˡ
սڴ޷̽ȻԤ⣬ҲֻΪаͷģϾѾôľͷ߰˸ͷľͷҲû˵عļû뵽Ȼһͷ
ҵжپͷ
лԺвðӦͷҾͷ
Ǵ󲿷ֶǺɫͼͷҲǾͷôܵǰ
˶ľͷܹɨˡ
ҾȻ
Ϊʲôߵ㣿ҲÿԽƵһͳû̫ģʲôأ
лΪ⡣
ǰͷѹ¸ʡ
лѯлްա
ЦҡͷлԼģʮ߱ĽսٵǾͷ
ͼľͷ
ͷܶΣÿζȽ⣬û潻Ȼ֪һЩͷΣɿͷУЩ츳ģյĶҲͨĶܱȵģһǶԽͨ߰˱ĵزһл
ο˵Ƿصء
Ҳܹƽս֮ģǽ֣նɱȻҸֵע⣬ƱҪϹģʱ򣬸Ӳס
ߣѣ
˵лĽս궯жսףʹ˵Ũ֮㹻֮һʥʯ
ʥʯε֮ǿһ칤ܹлͨ켶λɫͷ硣
õġ
˵صǿȣȫеĳţ̵ʱͻƵģֻ輸³ͷû̫ġ
ȻˣȻ޷
оǣûʲôܹ谭۵ģлԿսһͷųԵ֮һߴ׵ʯʯΧŨϢǾ۶ɢоϢ֮أ˿ѷɫͷŵ֮
л츳ǱȻ°빦
ʥʯʮ쵽ڵһڣȫڷפڳɾ;ͷġ
лȻʩչսռ䡣
˶С
Уͷ˿ûо죬ȻĽ״̬ǲġ
ͷսˡл˵
ڵôͷü͵Ϯмɰգ
лҡͷѣ˲Ǹո̤ͷģʾȥ꣬Ȼɫ귢ģҵ۸Ӧһ£ͷķ綷ƽԴ˵ص֮ΪģǴﵽʮļ𣬲˾֡
ͷɫ;ͷɫ֮Ĳ࣬ʮ߰˱һӾĥƽл֮Ĳ࣬ο˼һи߼ķ綷
лҪ֮ƽһսȭף񵶺Ͷ⶷һʤ㼸ʵġ
Ҫնɱѱȵ졣
͵ϮҲ
е㲻ĵĵ
лǷҲҪսڵʯߣżĸӦѾʼжǷˣͿܱߵġ
ж̫ðˡ
ɱ¶ҲҪ֣лһ˾
ģǷҪɱ
ܹΨط߶ɱ
˶ǰͷлﵽͷɫĵز߶ɱҲȻǳܶ౶ġ
ɣɱһʩչ֮£ȻҸӦģȲѣʩչǱˡлģҸıһװķ˵ӣһɱҲһ׼ʱһ֮
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лͨһ򵥵ַòıһ¡
ܿ죬һ˫֮£лЩƱնɱһˡ
һ׵
лó񵶣ͷװΨһͬף޷ͬġ
Ҳ׼
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ǰл촽һ¡
ľٶлһ£ƺĵӸˣҲһ£ξȻ촽
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ûпԼͽŲԿٵǾͷȥ
˾ͷǰԶĵطеľͷͣ
ҲлûаɱǳֵĻ¸һͻὫͷоѹģ޷ġ
˲ˡлѹеͳͷǰ
ʲô¡ͷǱлġ
лżɱˡ
˵ʲô
ǾͷһϢȷǷǳ𺳣˵ؿǷפأҷҴĸֶѾżġ
żĸַɱζʲôأ
лĿľҪֻ̼ͨͷ𺳣ʧ޷ѵ״̬
ǱĻᡣ
ͷ𾪣֮С
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лǰˣǡ˵ŻѾͷǰһ׵ĵطŵ쿪
ĻĶ޲תľͷĿⲻǷϿ˭ǿſ֡
ͷͷȥлҲ֮
ȫսı
ת޼
ǿ󶷼ĺɱ
֣߳ͷΣյĸӦŭһ
ⲻлչֳֻǰͷľѣȻþͷģԸӦΣͷһӦǳֹ˳ƴ˳ȥлĳٶȻǷǳ˵ģǾͷûҲǷӳ߳ɵǿȡ
飡
˵ȭͷصĺһ
һȫһֻɶ
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ડ
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л岽ǿסΡ
ͷǵ˰˲
лռϷ磬ҲʾˣлȫǿĶҾͷֻǷӳɶȻҲ⶷վת޼޴ġ
˿ǹƽսǶö⶷񵶺ͼȭףлҲ֮аʤ
Ҳлĸܵͷǿ
ͷڣǺԽսģлɣﵽͷɫزܷʮİʤɫͨͷأһֵûɵ⡣
籩
׼лٶȽڶкɱ
Һ̬ɫޱȫ
ΪʶڵľȫˣζҺ̬ѾﵽͷĵزҺ̬עǿټɫҲδҪȺɫľͷġ
Ҳлǿ󹥻ֶΡ
ݣ
һ߸ɫ𣬱ȥ
ʱ˿̵ľͷŵ˵˵߲嶼ûȶлѵĻᣬԾɱȾͷ޷ӶΪת޼ĿԷӳٵ
ʱþͷľ־ҵĲ
Σգ
ͷɫˡ
̷˵ת޼ұ̸һתһӽұ۵·˺飬ұ֮һתɵѪۣѸٵͷֹֺͣһȭͬʱҲ
˾ͷþؼ
лһվؼˣ뵽˺ɫеķ綷ɵһֹòһھͷܹԽսİɣȻôǿ
籩л񵶳ʣ˵һҲ͵ĳɱȥ
ٴʩչת޼
ͨ켶޵ҲųµڶֳﻤӵӰˡ


2313  սף
лǿֶΣʩչ
ɹҲûаգҾͷʵǱͨĺɫͷǿʢһġ
ƣ
ǾӾͷüļ̷֮ľҵɱ䡣
˾֮ѸٵĻ۹ȥȻ뾫γһ񽣵ĹӰ
֮ϣȻǼٵļǿ
ֻʱ̴̫٣ûں϶ٵ֮
أ
籩۵Ĺ߽ͷȴһȭγɵɵط飬ƲǾ۵ײ
ؼְ塣
һ˿ߣɳĴ
һ񽣣۳ɵ㣬ӵļС
Ǿ񽣳ֵһ˲䣬лԺ˸ı侫֮ͷֻںܲʱ
飡
ײ
ǵľ̳־ҵ𶯡
һҲų貵Ĺâл;ͷŵĹעУҲѸ͵ĳײ
ž
лԾ鷢ˡ
籩۵˿߱񽣸̶ˡ
Ȼľ޴󣬱ЩãԾɴżĺХлײ
ˣ
л˴γ֣ʧܸյģҪʩչսռˣֵĶϿ߲ûоʹʧâǰֹͬǰһ
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ǰ͵ɱȥ
䣡
̺ȫս߶ת޼Ҳչֳ׵е
նо񽣣һ±㽫ײ飬ľƬɽܣлһӳɱȥ
ܣͷǶΪľ籩ȻҼлûоʹ˻𣬲ɵɫ䡣
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渲ŵɫҲһӱ˳
䡫ɫ𼤷ʱ㽫ͷȼˡ
˲Ϣ䣬ͷ˫˵ĵط죬һӾͽյѪģõˣͷʹ֮£ѸٵĴ߶ұȻʱ򱣳侲ܻġ
ֻǵֵɫ˲䣬лҲˡ
˵һʩչת޼
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ۣ
ԾնͷҼ磬۰򶼸նˣǿɳȥѪ
ͷҽиշһ룬һϮ
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ֱӶͷͷ
лҲڷһնȥͷһΣ궼׵ķ飬ͷĻᡣ
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ʬأл˴˶һۣеľĸо
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ڴ˵޵оͷ׿Ըûˡ
˾ײ쳣ǿңʮףҲδظӦġ
ŵĹעš
򽫾ͷĿռָʮΣĽƽĶͳͳó
ʼգͷûʱóԼı

лע˰ңûǰųһãûע⵽ǿ԰ĵˡ
˵㷵ؽǰ
ͿͷƷͳͳóѻһСɽ
Ӱʯϵᣬţöл鿴
ö٣ȴ
ûзԣɶʹãɼʵ
˶ôˣл˵˰죬ɵĿһֵĹŽ
ָǹŽ챩񽣣
챩񽣣˵챩е챩񽣣л
ǣɫصĵĶµżп챩Ĺע챩һжϸļأ챩񽣲дġ񽣣ս֮񽣵ĽĵطһɫĹֳɫĹ̺챩ΣͷͨطӳԽԼʵ
챩񽣺Ѿﵽͨ켶ĵزˡлһֱҷ涼ûʹùͨ켶Ҳ׼ͨ켶ģֻֽͣһΪΣһӵд˽ľͷϡ٣ǰߣҾͷɱûУֻܱߣɱͷӦڷźܸߵλġ
ˣǳͷߣ׼޵оͷĪЦѵҲûΪ챩񽣵ȷϡ٣ǾԲֻһΨһĿܾǣҪڲ챩񽣣뱩¶
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˵
еĶ
лȲҪЩˣȥɣǰǶЩˡ
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ԽǰлĽս궯Խ
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ܿ죬Ǳ㵽ﾡͷ
һ
ǧϵĳȣẠֻ̊́ܶʮ׶ѣȴǷ޵оͷܳĽ֮һ
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ΩΩФͬʵһȴʯʵģͷųϢҲأΧ
ǽʯϢҵĲɢļ
ʱһеʯһ漴Ȼ򣬡ѹ־ͷڲ治ȱݾһ࣬ʧܵģǳľˣһɹôʯữΪʵʱʥĹصҲͷӳˡ
˵ʥĹЩǿܹ˶л
ҡͷǲܵģϾˣǿЩʬָǿʢʱڣȻȡһЩ꣬עУӶƾľͷ֡
лԣɵɫ΢䣬Һôֱʰ
ʯѵرҪʱ䶼Ƿǳ̵ģʱҲֻǳɹһ룬ͱƻˣʯѾɾųɾˣ£¾Ҫɹˡ
лԾЩ𺳡
ȻѾˣȻҪƻġ
ҪʥǷ棬ûʯҪģʯɹ񣬲û˭ȷܳɹ

лǰƮȥҲſ˶Խս
̼ͿһɷɢѸٵıսУȻ㿪ʼ˽ס
лȥٿˡ
Ȼģս㿪ʼת䡣
леɱ䣬ǰ֮ͨڣһǰδеȫ
ʯ棬Ҫʩչսռ佫ģûܳɹʯȻ޷սռ䣬Ǵնϣлֻܷʩչսռ䣬ʯ
ոƬ̣սϣﵽʮ˱ǿȣлҲûֹͣӿٵ


2314  춯
սĽףӶҲнлս˲ֹһô򵥣ȫǿ
лҲʯϵٶȼӿ졣
ǽʯͷųϢȡˣʹлڶ̶̵һʱڣɫг˽ķ֮һİɫ㣬Ѿ㹻ѸˣʯڵʯͷųϢأԭı֮࣬лȫɣش̼սȫٵǿ
олһֵһʹʥʯĸо
ʥʯһʹãЧȵȷͬնҲܹͨ켶λĳһɫɱ仯ġ
οʯṩá
ЧȻǸá
ҵٶȣܹȫĵͶУȻٶٶȵġ
ֻʯսռɣ޷ֳֻܷһ߾ȥע棬ֹ˽š
Ļҵٶ΢ܵһЩӰ죬ԾʮڣɱΪİɫ꣬ⲻǺܴ󡣡
лŽսĿ͡
ָоǳΪ֮޲ôӴ˲ֹͣ
Ҳٶתš
յϢԽ࣬ʯ⵽ƻԽͷųϢԽأתٶҲʹﵽ˼ޡ
һõ֮İ֮Ҳڳ˲
һ˿˿΢Ĳܹٶȡ
ʹлͬһٶȻ죬ٱлеҪöࡣ
Ҳаգʮ֮ڴﵽɫĵز
ʱڷš
ڵٶȻҪѷɫлһЩṩİʱҲԶ
˶ȫٵ
֮лȻ֮Ϊɫ
ڿеҲʯ춯ѡ
ԭϢѾˣͻȻ֮䣬Ϣһʧˣʯһ춯ϢԳǰʮһлյϢ࣬˶ýս࣬ܲס
лͣ
Ҫ鿴һʯǲΪԼԵʣ³ʲô쳣ⷢʲô⣬һ鿴̾ͷˣʯǾƬ֮϶һЩ
м䣬лܹؿƬ棬ӽԵλãʵʾȻڻˣٶȷǳĻ
л۹۲ȥ
Ȼ֣ʯʻȴȻһϢµģôϢȴûʲôԣƾճֵһ
۲һûʲô֡
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ΪͻأֵϢʯϢ߽ϣϢŨأҸӵĴ⣬ƺ˴ܹԷһл˵ǸѸˡ
ˡ
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ʯʵɱΪʵĴڣʯɹı֣ĵ޶ȴϢѾעʧˣھȻ˴ı仯ʯȻһЩĻ
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ʵ
˼飬ƻʯĸȻ˱仯лĵϧˣҵʥʯƺʯȤȻ޷ȡеϢȻĻʯṩϢ˵ܹʥʯһɱ䡣
ĵطóʥʯٶʵһ¡
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ǽ˿ľеĽ˿
żҪͨʯԷפس֣
лЩ˿ϵعһţв˻ɡ
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ʱ򣬽˿ϵس֣۳һţͬṩ˴ϢǷǳġ
л㽫ʥʯһĵطͷųϢҲʹþƬ޷ͬʱãγ֮ǳİҲ޷γγ󷨣Ҳɰĵ
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˷ЧԸߡ
õʱǰѵһεģṩҪĴϢ
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ĽսٶȫٵڵİɫҲѸٵС
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֮ʯлڣŰˡ
˵صϢҲﵽһȫµĵز
ʥʯڵҶΪ̫Ϣʼ˱仯ԭҶģ򲻶ϵСУҲ֪ʲôıʡ
лûֹ
һ㣬ſʥʯﵽһĻᣬһԽˣҲǴﵽĶ㣬ԺҪˡ
鿴ţûиתͱΪһ󷨣ҪһЩʱġ
л鿴һԼꡣ
ȻȫɱΪɫġ
ҲǴﵽ˰ͷ۷״̬
һǳͷ磬һҪɾ;ͷ磬ƱҪȻԼĻлǿӦģҪȥսռɽ鷳
ƺͻ൱ʱ䡣
ṩϢҲǳĳ㣬ھʥʯãҲǰ˾ʱѣȫԽ˻ᣬһ¾ͷ磬ʧܣҲܹﵽһȫµľˡ
лͻͻ
ͷ֣ӡˣ԰ѡ
Ʈ棬ͨĴ鿴ȷûκ·սɽڣһƨʯλã񣬽۷ɽڴĵط˽ȻľͻӦľųɾŵ˼תУſģȫļȡϢ



2315  ռʥʯ
˳ͷĻᣬȻܷͷѹлͷ֪꣬ʼ룬Ҫǰߣսľ磬Ψдﵽͷ磬ܹǿʸս
һ˼ǰ֮ҲӿĲٶȣϢȵı൱лһ
֮ʱҲǷá
лٶĴﵽ˽ʥʯṩİ߶ȡ
ˣҪڰͷɫٶҲǷǳѵһ̣Ϊΰͷ࣬ͷȴǰϡأһжΪͷɫ;ͷɫһԽĺ蹵
츳ߣҪԽҲǳļѡ
Ϣ
Ҳ֪ǷΪ࣬յĹͣԭʯṩϢȻ޷ҪˣҴĵطͷųӦǽ˿ľϢҲΪʥʯļȡòƵġ
أЩ͵ųѺۡ
Ǳûת˷ٶܵǣ̾ͿʼˣҪͣٶش
ѣǽ˿ҲͷųεϢ䱾ʲϢ۶ɵģ񵶺Ȼĳˣʼս˿ߵľѾﵽͨ켶۷壬ܹһļȡĵز
ǵżˡ
νʯתΪʵĴڣ˿ߣţһжżġ
ǵĿȻԷפأӶҵرʹùżķȴֻҪһˣȻԵŤת
չˡһͷżһصɽڣۼŵ˿ľͷѯʡ
һɫĽ˿ľͷһЩ⡣
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Ҳɣûκءͷɫصĵ˴νǵĳ˷޵оͷһʹ޵оͷΪǸֲס滹ûеصʱǱǿгأǺΣǶ
˿ľͷԣǸֳҲ¶֮ɫ
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лֻٴβ鿴ͷ֣ЩĵطͷųĽ˿Ȼʮ౶
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ʥʯļȡ»ָҶٶȿʼʥʯҲԷֵС
Ψһϧлܹͺˡ
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ͬʱҲǸػá
Ҳ֪˶ãлͷ֣ڵѾﵽһ۷壬ԭǸոմﵽͷɫ꣬ھȻгһɫ㣬ʾǳĿ죬ȥȫлͷġ
ͬʱҲ֣ʯȻʼȫ渴ˡ
Ӧñ׷ϵʯżǿӣͷųĴϢȻŽ˿γ󷨣ͬвֱʯյģʯʼȫתΪʵĴڡ
õʲôȻʯѾʧܲŶԣȻܹͨǿʧɹȫɱΪʯлʯɱ䣬ҲǸпѡ
һԹٲ֡
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ôʱļȡʥʯڵҶѾСȭͷСҶӵ̬۳һɫСԲ򣬲ҲϵС
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ѪѾܵ˼㣬ȥʯȻ޷ܶбѵģʱþûˣڽʥʯڣҶȫɱ䣬ʱʥʯġ
л֪ʥʯʲôӣ
Ȼ֪ʥʯ۷ǣĳһ֮ģҶֻҪﵽ֮ĵĵز߼ģĻͨʥʯÿһʱһṩܹھͷ綼һͻƵġѪ˵ҵյɱڵĲʱлļ䣬ֻôһ㣬һ֪֮ʲôڿҶ֮Ľ׵ġ
лһڿնʯڣһץסЩ
սӿá
۳ƿţְʥʯ档
ʥʯûյ˼
лգգۣͨ˿ľյϢ㽫ﰴڱ˿ľ棬̾ͱա
ܿ컨ľΪʥʯȡˡ
ʥʯڵҶҲһСһϵĵز
Ƭ꣡Ѫȵ
л΢Щͣ٣ˡ
žžžž
˵֮£Ƭͳͳıնϡ
Ѫ̷һ˻Ѫɫķ˻ڰƬ棬һӱ㽫飬ԭͷų˿ߺϢĵطƮеŶ߿գٵеҲʼƬҪڷ˻֮»һ˿Ǳ˿ľ֮ڡ
ڷ˻֮£˿ľ֦Ҷͳͳڻֻʣɲ֣СУƬ꾫Һһۣͽʥʯڡ
ʥʯڵҶҲ֮ڣһͬĴָָ׸ǴСɫСԲ飬ʥʯڣ֮ġ
ռ״̬ʥʯ


2316  ƣ
ʥʯɾռ״̬
ڵھͷ磬ÿ·õʱһεɫת䣬֪жôľס
ζԵˣ᲻ϵرͷ
ڵʥǣδ㹻ʱһһµĵȴһĵ޵оͷͳͷ֮ҲԶԶô׿˷ģĴβܹͻҲδ֪ҲɡѪ˵
Ȼ֪ôлʥʯ
̫ʥʯĹȦ
ΨвϵȥĥԼȻٽʥʯͻԼһͻһεĵز
ˣڣרעڽļ֮ľȫɱΪʥľˡѪ˵ҵķԸʯʣµĲȫݻ٣
ѪյһЩлǺġ
Ǿȡģ䴴ֶΣبδеġ
ֻʣһƬˣʥʯĽϣﵽ״̬ʣµһƬҲûʲôˡ
лֽǱ˿ľ
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˿ľ֦ҶƤ֮ͳͳĻΪҽɢؼ䣬ֻʣ´Լ׳ƹӰĴڡ
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ʮ˱Ľս÷Ƿͬһ£ʯʣĲֱͳͳķ飬һһΣѸٵں
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ҡл΢ЦǲҪҶ֣ɱҡ
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Ŵ˰ȻӣԼֵлȻʧЦɣһֻ֣ܴң㴦ãΡ
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֮ǰϮɱһͷսġ

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ڻл𣿡лЦ
ͷƲסĳԾ֮ɫĲлѾǿزˣԶɱһս飬Ҳֻţδر⣬Ͼڷפڻġ
ɿͷл֣Ҳɱ㣬ףҲͨ㣬żһװɡ
ûʸżͷ
֪лĵҸȨҲȥżľͷǰҲҪô룬ȻĻ󷨣Ҿ͸Ƶ˵Żһ㣬ʥľ𶯣ŵͳͳľֹûУֻҪԸ⣬ʱԷϵ
ͷ״ɵÿЦʲôס
лҿżżͷǳͷģֻ߾ɹ֮פء
ȻԣΪʲôҪأҾͬˣֻҪоͷȻп֣ܶͷǰġͷ˵
ȷΣգϣѪǩԼл
ͷԣɫ䡣
ѪǩԼǿɲвȫǣżδضܵвһΥԼĻƱҪܴܵӰģؼʱڣӰ춼޷ܵġ
ɲǰҲܴӦǩѪԼġͷ
лʼ磬ֻȥˡ
ͷȵ
ıˣлЦ
ͷߵ㲻ҪˣǲͬģҾǿԻһס
лóʲôĶ
ԷͷȻٵ󷨣Ҳ赣ʲôأԸһܡͷ˵һڷʵݵܣܹıҾֵܣ


2317  ݣ
һܻȡͷвҵİȫҲܹפؽ췭ظܴݻٷפأ㻹Ǵ׬׬лƲһͬ𣿡
ͷݡ
ҪұжǸ塣лܸɴĴĻȻǷڲܹͬҳΪʸ֮Σᱩ¶ģȴñȻ¶Ķҽף浱ɵӣ̫߹Լˡ
䳱ȷİͷࡣ
ʵ̫󣬸޷⣬Ȼһˡ
סͷ
֪żаţлоͷڵλܸߣһбסٸһʱŵϺŵرĻұ㽫𡣡л
ͷףлӿʼ˵ʲôѪԼǼٵģĿҪ
ãͬ⣬ͷ
һ֣лٶǿƵĴϰͷҪ᲻Ǳ룬סֻʮӵʱ䣬֮󣬻û󷨣УҪʲô˵νͨͷͷ޵оͷҪҲҲҵģǧҪʲô
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Ǳлȫѹƣּۻ۵ʸûС
ʵл֮Ҳԭģó϶õģ£൱ĶǾͿȷбȻŷǳرפڵĺöѾǸӶ൱һ֡
ڱȥͷ
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Ϊ챩Ѫģû뵽ȻѪҲԽͣ챩ģӵ챩һЩ챩񽣣챩սҲǿġ
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ΪѪǿ磬ôҲڽ֮󣬱¶Ӷ˼磬򣬵ħ磬żֻؽȵ֣һЩһġ
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һ¶ƱԹȺ֮
ѪһƱҪĴУôȻҰģ̳ħ޵ĨȥԹޡ
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ĴѰлӰͷȴ޼Ѱ
ףлľ棬֣Ҳ޷вģԾɿԴݻ󷨡
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۹ע뿪֮л߳սռ䣬սڵսռ䣬лˡ
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ол𾪺ϲãɻʲô£ҿ𾪣ֺܸˡ
лһ˿Ц⣬ѾȷҾѪ

էϢҲɴ۾Ȼ֮ɫ
лϢԴӦúܿɿ
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ΨͷǷˣܹʩչܹԾһַ
ȻǶ磬ΪͷʩչѾôѡ
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ѾϢ˵ϢܼʱǰŲʷ˳أﵽ׼޵оͷ磬ѾΧ׼פأڹϢǿš
лüŲʷ˳ô죬˵Ҫ൱һʱ֮𡣡
˵ǾŲʷ˹ųļϢľͷƭˣѾɹںʮʷ˵һѪ
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֣Ͻùһ

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һɣỺƮڵء
ֻдšԶͨ߱˻ʽƣսʳͷ磬Ųʷ˵ɱ룬Ϊȫ˼ǱսŲʷˣΪ˻Ӯʱ䣬˵ˣǱΪŲʷɱ
׻ŵԣӣͷͬھ
леʹǺһ仰ߵݡ
ôлһƨս棬
Ǳվûӳİš
ΪŲʷ˰㣬ʹĥѣȴֻò׵õֻزǳͷ磬ԾŲʷһսԴﵽ׼޵оͷľŲʷˣǱһҲ׻һ赲˵˵֣Ϊ˻Ӯʱ䣬ȹ̾ơ
лʹ׻ʽӴΣ֪׻ʵΰ黳Ϊֹķ
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Ǳ׻ʵ׶ΪԶͨʥǵǸߣǸԼܶΣΪԪϿʥ𾴣ݽӴʥ߲ܣûȥӵģֻΪΪлΪʥǸ̫࣬ûȥɡ


2318  ߲
л֮һлԺвϵظֳţȴԾûҵһ˿
֮¶ܹʶơ
߱ǡľ
˵лû뵽ҲδɹľȻߡ
лļǵãľĵһμ棬ǻģľ⵽ֵľ綾㣬ҺüٰܵѪİİ׻ٰС׳棬ŽܵģԴʶ
ʱһУľΪ˽ӽлļƲߡ
ΪľҪлһҲԭɣΪ˻ṩľ֮о
ͼ޵۹ȡ
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ߣٶȷǳĻҲעѪӡƽʥԽԽۡ
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ֻΪʥܹڵڵĻʯ֮һҲʼûֻԶԱȽϻˣҲкܴõģǾܹƿûκʶ˼Ļľ͸̽һЩ飬ҲˣƵ鱨ϵͳУžصãˣ֪ǰأҲֶΣʹ鱨ȥҲû˷֡
ϴνռ磬ľڰйעҵĶû뵽ˣһֶΣԼƵӰһƸƭˡ
ʱҲƭˣ˭뵽ӰľҪӰѵġ
ԶͨľΪߣȴԼ֣ǸлʦˣˣͨľܹҵһУʱԶҶ֣ʥˣΪ֪ʥǵʵԶͨûнʥǷϣڣԶͨԾ֮λʥǵķչ
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лԽԽе¡
Ҫ˵ľܹ֮֮лΣؼı֡
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ֻҪܹлģԳԻյĿͨľ̽鱨ֶΣҲעס˺ӽͿռ⣬ѻ鱨ˡ
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˼ľͷͷǳϡ٣˻֮⣬ҲǺ𣬿޺ǱǱɱ׻ͷͬھʣĴʳͷˡ
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ǲǺʹǾͿ޳ɡл棬˵
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ͷͷһ
е뷨лĸоȴǲ֪ΪαЩ⣬ûɵһ־塣
ǴҪ͸Ķͷӿռָóһ
Ʒ˸߲ʹ⻪ͨ徧Өȴͨ͸ЩĻǸУһεľ壬ҲûκεϢ
л߲ʾ壬òŵ߲
ºû߲֪Ƿ⡣ͷ
⣡
лһУһ߲ǣϣȡ
߲ļʥʯȴҲѷɫ٣ʱʱǶܹϺŵģھ巽棬Žǰ
ƷʦĶ
ӵдȫһ𾳵ʦͨ켶ģ츳ģֱӳͷ硣
ǡǴѵߡ
лϴ뿪ռʱѾʦڶпͨ켶ģõ߲Ҳǰͷɫϵľ硣
سŵͷ
л΢һͷ֪Ӧܹ͸ʱżȡϵǣֻͷĹ
ͷֻ
ʼʩչ
лҲſʱ󷨵
ûãͷѾ˵ˡ
ʱȫתһСʱȫɣռҲ𽥵Ĵݳ
ˢһһ˳֡
һͷ
л͸鿴Ǵɫꡣ
ͷ˶˾Ͳͬˣǵһ֮һɫ㣬һǶ֮һɫ㣬ɫ귢ġ
Ҳлʶһ⡣
żǳĳԽ
˵ĻżľͷȫԴ͹һɫġ
ţ
ͷ֮תˡ
л֪ǿ϶оͷ͹ϿʥľҪݻ١
Ǹոճֵͷǰһ֣ӴҪ󷨣һ޷ת
ɫľͷɱл
л۶ɫͷĵܲãȴңȥɣ


2319  ɱͷ
ľл޷ѹеķŭȻƽľҲɱľ֮ǰһΪʲô
ʼһӲˬҪйʹ졣
ƫƫʱǡ
лĿ罣·͸˺ɫͷ塣
˵ǰԵķҺɫͷǿ͵Ϯ֣ܵΪǸҾͷͲͨĺɫͷܱȵģлΪҲѷɫֻܶ࣬ǽɫꡣ
ͬˡ
Ѿǰɫ꣬ͷ۷塣
սͨʮ˱ĵزѹеŭлһӱ˳
ССͷҲҲ񣡡ͷЦ
ͷȻӰͷ
磬ȫ
ûʩչȭͷ֮񱩵л沿ɱȻȻǶлбɱ֮ĵġ
ҿľͷôǰšлǰһ
ˣ
Ӵ𶯵ɽҵҡ涼ѷ˷ɢȥлҲ߶սȭͷ֮ϣʹȭͷӲӵģͬƽ֮ɢ貽⡣
ųĹ
飡
˵ȭͷżֵע֮ײ
ŰǵȭͷΪɢȥһŰΧɽ䣬ǽǰͷˡ
ԺҲʾͬľ
лȻվ˿
ɫľͷƺһѪĲÿһڵ½ӡ̤ĵ治ϵ𶯣ֱҲͻͻĶͣ
νľͷ𣿡л˵Ż̤ǰȥҲһͷųʹͬƽĴŭ㣬ˣܹؼһж顣
սȫݡ
ɱȻͬһϵطȥ
Сӿֻ˰˳ѣҪұĵʹͷ֪лͷĲͬײô⡣

ľʡ
ľǴԣϢרΪ֮˴
ͷӶľȫ˵һһ⣬
⣡
лıչ
ں֮ȻҲǵõǿġ
ţͼתʥʥ׽һȶһ֮͡
ݣ
֮һ±ľ
ǰľͷʱǷ֮һµеľǳѺۣ֮еĵطһȱڡ
л󣬱ȥ
޼ƣ
ǹΨҶİŴ˶ͷųҲרŽƵĶںĶȻޱȵġ
ƣϱһˣľѣͷĵѡ
أ
лһȭľ档
䡫ľѡ
ȭͷһǰĺھͷ棬ǿ޼ʼţȭͷû壬Ȼ
һ죬ͷ廯Ѫ
һ
ͷɱһ˲䣬ͷܵ൱Ӱ죬ǱըನҲͳһ˿ɶлһٿʥľ֮
䣡
󷨺Ȼ顣
ǿʥľ֮Ǽͷˡ
л㾹ɱżͷ֮һɫľͷŭȵ
лĵɱΣϳȫ㣡
նɱһͷʢѹȵͷһ
ѹͷ
ͷҪǿǵϵѪΣЩˣܹɵնɱԼͬ飬ʢһ񵶶ûãǶԸȻҲġ
ɡлҲɱǣҪǰѷҳŪҡ
ͷһͷݺݵصлһۣ뿪ˡ
л³һ
ɱһͷҲеࡣ
û뿪ԺиֳǷҺɫͷսḶ́ǶԷʩչľ
Ծռ֮ںһ𹹳ɵĹ
ֶеռ֮һʱͨĹԵ棬۳һЧԸʤлľ籩߹
лŵٶȴ߶籩
ͿʶѾҺ̬Ȼľ۳һߣҪȥ
۳ߵʱֹͣ
ƣǹ߿ʼ
ȺĻЧȻʤһɵĻѷɫˣлĿƣǹ𲽵۳һС㣬ǾѹɵģǹӲʶЩ
Ũɵ㣬ؼǿԾĿ
лѾվ籩ھĲٿҲʮĹҲɡ
Ŀ֮£ɫ۳һСԲ
ѹѾγɹ߹ˣʹõĻ籩Ӧܹ߳ɣˡ
ԷͷսԣɫµľͷҵĶˡ
ɫľͷҲûһʤ㡣
лվһȭ״ϣҲ󣬽һЩ򵥵װȥָĿ
뿪սɽ
սռڣҲ赣ܵӰ졣
һĿĵأ乬
ΪռĵطĶҲ֪ж٣л֪˷ҾȻѪΨз޵оͷѾѪģԱȻ̳ʱĶܻʱʱղصĸֶ涷ء
лڴԼɲǷ
νɲǷֻһְ壬ÿһ֮󣬴ԼɲǷǲһġ
뷨ǽյһжںϣɱۣĶͨ޼ɱȸɫͳͳںϣɾԼɲǷ
ڵܸоȱһʲô

УӰ٣̤ѪӰεȵȣʼ޷ҵһϵ㣬ں
ҪЩںϣٶȾܹ羪ˡ
乬ۼĵطȻҲǸֿصģҴ˵ز˲ý룬ԽѡҪ벻֣Ҳѵġ
л乬ĵطûжһսʼǿߡ
˵ļ䡣
ʵǿģȻ֪ĸ࣬Щ˵ļжãл޷ȡģֻѡʵ͵֪һЩ
սʵļܶࡣ
ȥҵģʣµݱлҪġ
żٰķҾͷͷǱһͷˣǴ²δʹ˽һǰ˫ٶȷͻͷɱܾˣУ÷פʱƽġ
лսʡ
پˣãżľͷƱռƣδ֮ǰǰһ˸ɵôפضȻҪ׵ĽңֻҪңϵƷѪƱҪ÷ٲ֮أʱʥǱʱΣˡлսȭͷһڴڼ䣬ɾ;ͷ磡


2320  乬Ľ
ˣֻҪץסתΪʤ
̫ǿˣǵѪҪҲһʱ飬οҲĴ͸еƣɶԷҵǷǳӵһ飬Ҫʱġ
ҲʥĴϢʱ䡣
лɾ;ͷ磬Ĵʳɾ;ͷ磬ôʥƱؽ
ҼֵʱԽǷʥԽأл漴ԣǷҼֵʱ䳤Ҳ֮ԾʱӳԶͨŲʷ˵ȶʥ˽ˣ϶ʥ̫ʱĻʱ䡣
վǼɵʥǵǱ
ֻҪʱ䣬ʥδпκ⡣
лĳɳٶȣ裬ȵȣ㶼ǿɳģصͬʷˣаȵȡ
˭֪ʱһֶپͷأ
ǲ̫ʱ䡣
лжϣܿǶԷһ͵Ĺ֮һԳɹܳˡ
ʶʱҲࡣ
һڳɾ;ͷǾϣ
һ£
лﵽռ״̬ʥʯɡ
Ȼ˲Ϣǧ򻯵ģõİ취ΪֻҪܵĿЩɾ;ͷС
Щ뷨㿴ǸƵİ乬
乬Ϊʵһߴ׵ĸ¥ֱλıԵλã˵վ㣬ܽפ۵׵ĵط֮һҡ
Ҳǰ乬Ľء
սʵļʾ乬Ψз޵оͷ߾׼޵оͷҲҪ޵оͷͬУҲʹð乬ڷ˵ǶǳԣνĵһصҲ١
лĿȻҲ
ͨĶۡ
˵ǵĶչԶʤˣĶǷ޵оͷĵ⶷Ҫ˵Ҷ崴İȭ֮ģΪֵ̫ġ
лʩչ·һ㡣
һŵĶҲǳϡ٣˵Ǿͷɽĵطл㷭һ£֣ȷвĶܹɱ֮ŭĶѾۡ
Ȼﵽභںϵĵزˡ
οҲͬ
лҲûЩͳͳռָҲĻᱻ˷ִ˵˶
ͳͳߣлȥ
һķǳŨܣȻǱ޵оͷƵġ
лǰƽһ飬߶սȫ
սҲ˵ε챩սһĵֿģ㴩˽ȥ
ո̤ڣϢ
ͬһʱлҲʶ
Σգ
лҪˣܹ˵صĿɾͨǿߣսʵļ䣬Ҫ޵оͷģ޵оͷڣǷ׼޵оͷأ
лҲǵһʱ佫ڵһ۵׵ġ
˵ĽŲڿϢԴ֮һͣסˡ
ȷˡ
ͷȴ׼޵оͷǷˣ
л
ͬл̤ʱ򣬾վѸٵľҪߣֻҪǰͷһۣҲȷ˵ݡ
УһſҪߣȴҪȥ
˱˴˶һۣ¶εЦݡ
벻פصĽڣȻԲͬķǷˣǲǿ˵ءл˵Żڣͬʱرշš
ͷҲˡ
Ҳرա
˾վŴγǶľ档
ͷݸвͬվ֮ˣɢŨصԣһ֪Զͨ˵üļһɫҶͼȥۣͨ򲻵ͣɫŽɫ㣬ͷ硣
һʹˡ
䱳ѩ׵ʹûпʹеĿ˧缶òɫͷһϵʹսΣľ֮ͬ
Ҳû뵽лȻѹԴɷ֮󣬱㳹ʧȥټ淢ȫӵֶΣƿػľǿߣѲϢȻûаۼѰҲܹ͸Է˵أ˹Ŀ࿴ľҸֵ
Է
лԷɡ
ȷ
ܽΪҵսڲͬ˵Էٸ߼ģҲԵĵȥ·лȻ͸¶ҲڵϢܹҴ⣬治Ǻͷ𣬾ȻôʹֶΣǹյġ
ľվͷܶʱģҸ˵УȻҲзҸ͸ģģͲҪ֪ˣֻҪһͺãȻˣǾͲҪˡ
ɱңл
лɱ⣡ľվͷ
̾һлȻҲԶ϶ӦҵطѡһֶɹˣѾҪˡ
ľվͷЦǱѡ֮ˣŶ˸һ飬νҪȡɹǶ;ŲʷֱĻѻĿΪԻǡ
øյĻ쵰лߵĿϬĿľվͷ˵ɣλ
ľľվͷҽܵնδ޵оͷ֮һõʥ֮ĺ󣬰ŵδˣ
꣡
лʹ̲סЦ
ǿû߼ˡ
ʥ֮ĶԤˣǰδ޵оͷѹ硣
ԶͨҲ·ͷƾʲôʸʥ֮ġʹͷһ͵ֻ֪͵ϮޱȵС˰ˣʥ֮Ҽ淽ܵõġ
ЦƾʲôǾŲʷˣѹĻᶼûУȻҪõʥ֮ģЦ֮ľ
ʹͷȻҼ֮ûѣЩ֪ģ֪Ҽ;ŲʷĽǸһʮʷ˵ѪҪܣߺߣɣҪ֣ҼʮɵİԶͨ
ľĵⶼԼİɣˣαΣЦ
֮ǰʹ޵оͷҾͷڣƾ۵ĸ֪ߺߣʹʵԶأҾͷΣաлҲʵߵоʹ޵оͷӿ£˵Ȼϣܹͨʹͷ˵ʲôֶΡ
ľȻҲлһ˼
˺ĬһΡ
ʹͷЦ֪ü˵Ǳ˵Ļҵȷ˵ģߺߣһаսɱģҲ޷


2321  ˵
ʱʱѹΣյģΪǴڵʱ̫Զû֪յһжǺصģʱ𣬴벻ı죬ûа仯ļûУֻǶٶѣʹͷԵĴ죬ȻĳָΪصֶΣԲʹȥӵĿ£ء
ƾ۸оܹл϶ʹͷȷ޵оͷΣգҲӵ֤⡣
Ҫ֪޵оͷǾѪҵԼ崫У˵޵оͷ棬пǿġ
ʹͷȻΣգ
ΨһĽ;ǱĴ仯
лȻ¾㲻ֻ֪ӲѣȻбֶ֮ΣΪλй¶ȥѵ֪δʥ֮ĸ㡣

ʹͷЦ
Цʲô˵Ҳеľ
ˡʹͷȻͷųǿƣǼȻ֪ҾȷǣΪҼֶеͬһĴͷųɹģҾ֮һյֶξǡ
ಣ
˵ؼʱ̣ʹͷȻ֣һ쭶ȭлͷȥ
ȻҪ˻֡
ģҲ̫СˣȻֶƭ˵ʵЦʹͷ
ľ΢΢һȻû뵽ʹͷȻǴ⡣
ҲֻһҲųˡ
֮лϣ޷ǾҪʹͷյֶΣ˴˿ɶǵˡ
ʹͷ֣ʹͷĴϮɱлȡ񵶣ҲأȻҲ֡
ͷһǰһͬʱɱ
ǵٶޱȡ
ʹͷٶȷó׼˲Ϣﵽ˵ٶȣǰٷ֮һʱ㵽лǰȭͷҲŵͬʱҲչëľ
ȻҲ֪Լ֣ľȻġ
νһá
Ʋνһ㣬Ǿл
Ҳͦ޴ġл
֮Ʒ磡
˵ЧֶΣδ˵ЧǺԵģлǵע£ƾʧġ
ٶȳ֣Ѿվʹͷվĵط
ʹͷһգʩչëҲֻľһ¶ѣͬδܸˡ

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лҲСˣΪʹ˶ǿԴĴģû뵽㾹Ȼеӡ
ʹͷһĨâĵûɱ㣬Ȼܻ
˳㶦档
ǻǷˣȻҲҪĽٲܹ÷֪սҲҪСġ
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˵ʥʯǹһʯôʯǽʥʯĵڶʯɣܹսӳУ£Щ֪ڷʯĳ֮£гɾһֲֿĶ
˵ʯ֮ӵΪʯȻЩܹԴһЩͷĲлУγһרں϶
Ȼʱڵģô۳ĶܿǸʱֵļ塣
䶷ҪԶʤлǿת޼
߻뿪ɣʹͷЦ
𣿡лЦҲ˰ɣջ𣿺ջƾǵʣҲҲ˷ѣʯأκοռָ޷ʢǵģǸɴɡ
ʹͷ˼ȻҪ̡
ľߵ֪ߵغ񡣡
ҵȷҪãܹ𡣡л˵žֱʯȥͬʱҲʩչսռ׼
ֻлԼҲȷսռܷʯ
ʯأֻƶռָͿռС綼޷ܵģսռȻ֮⣬Ͼδɾһ磬ҲֻǱȽĿռС硣
ɱʹͷ
ľЦ˵ģҺͬ
ͬʱл
Ҫ֡
лҲʩչսռ䡣
žž
սռոճͣöʯһ𶯣̽սռ飬޷ɽȥ
ʹͷľҲͬʱӦһɱȥ
սռͿռָУֻȥʯȻ뿪²ˡ
лͷͬʱ֣֪ܹʤսǾͺΣˣϾܹԶͨͱʹ޵оͷ͵Ȼͨľͷô򵥡
Ҫǽսõİ취ٶȡ
ͨٶһ˽棬лˡ
л̽ͷų
ʥʥ׵ĽϣѾǿ֮һ滹аУ൱µĹԡ
͸۹۲ͷ
˶˵ľ൱ʵҲ࣬һҪֳĻʹͷǿһߣٶȷռơ
ʶͬʱ֣ʹͷġ
лҲһʱƶ˲ԣûʹƵ磬ٶȣһ߶ٶԾǳʹͷģں֮󣬺Ȼľʹﵽܴٶȵļޣûʲôṩٶȵܹ֮
δ񵶣żȭ׵ȭͷҲӭȥʹͷӲӲ
һĻʹͷɵһ˿ĳ
ɲΪлܹ⡣
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ʹͷ̽۷ǿȣȭͷ֮ϱɫĹţʹѣſХ
˵ȭͷۿžҪصײһ
һĻȻҲľУǰĶ΢΢һ٣ͬʱһѷľ͵͵İ˳ҪŻһãڶ˽ʱ򣬸ͬʱһ
ˡлȭͷȻһա
Ҳ΢΢һΣƫ潻ķʹʹͷһգлûȻƵʩչǿٶȣˢһ´ʹͷӹһתöʯͬʱڵʥʥ׽ϣ۳ɷ֮һػʱ㽫ľȵˣ޷ȥ·л˫ץס˷ʯ


2322  һ
ٶʱ򷢻á
ʹͷҪǰƾٶȱùȥǷǳѵģǳֱˣȫǰ磬һľͷδܹӦͻᱻɱġ
лطԼٶȣͬӥð㣬˫ץʯͬʱҲȻ˵۶ķ֮ÿһˣͷȥֹǰӡ
žž
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սҲ֮ӿʮ˱ĽսлĿ֮£˽ɫĴһ㣬ʯ
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УͿľǰͻأĳƴһĸѸٵǰ۳һ޴ĶƣɽȫڵȻŶǰȥƾ֮档
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أأأ
֮ڶ棬Ȼ顣
Ƿ֮ĹҲˣľԳɱľݺݵлĺĴȥ
ͬʱʹͷŵ棬˫ǰ̤ȥǷ֮ͬա
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𣡡
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乬ʯȴ˿һɻԵӷʯӿ
ãһǷ޵оͷµֹߣ
лͷ
ʱ˿̣ͷ¼йǰʯӿ׵ߣӲӲֻѰ·
л౬ȥ
ĿǴڣӳȥ˵ٶȸǷӵ˼ޣǧ֮ʱ䣬ײԷ档
ԽսȫԴԽȥ
ոľͿʯĿ⣬֮ʯֳӰ
ÿһǰͷ
иоȻǾͷʡ
Щɢʯڣ˴Ŷ˳ֳһշȥ𶯵ķƶѱ䣬·һж֮µߵлýһĻУͬʱҲʯڵȻ͸һӵı׳֮Ƿ޵оͷµģӦǵеҲѹƵķʯڶ޷˿ĲŶԡ
˷лҪ߷ʯս͸Ȼˣŵ˵ĺ
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ըķʯ˻ص
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Ļ֮£ҶصģһţŵҺţÿһҺ֮󣬶ʹӵĴ⣬


2324  ᣡ
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2325  ٶȣ
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׿䣬绪ɫľͷʹɫԼҲ׼ڹǰľʹͷҲȻƣֱܹ߳ǰ棬ˮĻ赲


2326  ǿƳ
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ŵľ룬ʹʥľٵֱеʥľĸ߶ȣʥľֽһ
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2328  
ϤӰϤգϤ΢ЦϤɫ
̵ͻȻлϲ֮⣬һ˿ǣǾΪλҪ֪׼פؾͨפصĿռ󷨣ҲܵƵģȻĻɴʹֶˣҲ׼פˣŲʷ˷Ѿǰ׼
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2329  
ľɷһרƷ˵ϵһЩУܹеһλģǱر
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һаɷħްĺУеķĹٶӿǧаɷ½лΧʮ˸׸ߵаɷҲɱȥ
л޷ֻٶȳ֡


2330  ֮ɫ꣡
ˣаɷԶԶڳҲǰٷ֮һˡͷЦ
սЦлЦ
ܹŶٵķĹܹаɷ޷ﵽһĻȫһ׼޵оͷˡ
ٵǰȥаɷնɱаɷ㱻Ϊ׵һаɷˣٵܿͷаɷҲѸٵ
лܵаɷԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼ
ô죿
侲ԽԽܼаɷһֱƾͷʮߴаɷҲѸٳɳ
ǳɱȥԣһһͷаɷܷǳµľͷ𣬱Ͼаɷ̫ˡ
аɷΪɱɵġ
ľɷǷأ
л˼£Ͻľľɷóһӣɢ
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̼䣬Щͨаɷͳͳı飬ɫħÿһаɷ֮󣬽зǳϡٵһ˿ĳаɷڡ
ֻôһգ۵Ĺаɷ˲ʧֻʣʮ˴ͷаɷ
ľɷһתΪͷų
лһӣ㽫
ЩҲǳĸߣľɷҪĽսܹƻĴȻҲǺܸߵġ
ں֮лԸоսĳɳ
Цһһ㡣

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ǰͷĿɿڴ鷢ˣԹʮ˴׸ߵаɷȻķͷֻƾľɷ
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ľʹͷ׿䣬飬绪ϵȵȾͷͳͳڣһ˼ɫľͷ
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һ֪νķҵһأڵħʱ򣬷פܹͷɾ;ͷڡ
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Ļͬװˡ
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˵ƺܿŰͷͻƾͷ츳Եģɹʶߣûʲô츳ģȻɵĳɹʣ绪ϣѪܾȥҲǸӣ涥ҲǼĳطɡ׿
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׿ˣʮˣһȫԽƿһ϶Ѫܾġ
ľҿԣЩǿľͷǱѾԷľ޴ˣȫǾǸѡһˣһһ϶Ǹƾ¶ȡѪܾΣ
õ˵Ͽɣ׷ѡٶȿĳ
лҲȻȺУǾľ˴Լǧҵľ롣


2331  Ѫܾ
巽֣ķ
Ψһһʹͷų⣬ұ˶ţȲڷ׷ΧڣļһҪ飬㱻ȺŹˣû취˭ֻһˣֲлǰ͵ء
ʹͷƵǣķָһͷ۷ǿڲͬλãǧ׵ĵط뵷ҶУҪ뿪ҲУ˼ҵ㰵гְ
лĲЦ
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עţ۸עǷ
ӴĿռȷǳټ˵˼аżɽڵĿռһˮݣȫһͰˮˣ޷
ķѡóٶȵĴ֡
Ǿ㶼Ǿͷɫġ
û취ɫеɫıͲ࣬οǿػռһ϶ĹؼҲ֮ܵȷΪľͷƴٶȡ
ķΪ֮˵֮£ʮһж
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ҵĿнۼһȥ绪ϵ뼸˵ĶУǵĹĿ꣬ֵָǷͻһطסǰģҪҹ
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ҲǿͷųһսʾһϣʡıΧ˷֣ò΢޸һ£ʱڣûעġ
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ÿһ˵ĺҪֹͣˡ
Ҫ֪ϺµľͷʬѪܵʵ˭Ҳ֪ǵܷĴ򿪷ػ
ÿʵкܴġ

绪ֳڣ˵Ķᵽɤ۴ԸͷΪףǹꪸɫҲһԶĺȥ
лҲһ㹥ȻǺܲ۵ġ
ͬʱҲƵд߶ﵽ㣬׼ᣬ޷򿪵ĻҲʩչսռ
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ʮˣսΪսʼ𣬳ͨ٣Ψе˰ͷʼġ
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ǰҲ˶ˡ
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üëһɨĴͷһۣҲá
Ĵͷ㶼ķٶĺɫľͷ
ǰлô࣬ȻɳԽҲĸеѿл൱ķߺޡ
һǳ֣Ĵ󴿺ɫľͷǰռһǡ
ĸҪסˣҪлɱĳͷǿߡѵ
ɫͷھҶصʱʼΪǹڴԭ򣬲ʵ֡
лЦѵҶԣ͵࣬ǵٶܹ׷ңʵǻǡɣ
һָ£лȻǰȥ
Ĵͷֱվлǰǰ󷽣Һ󷽣ĸ㣬εл·ߣǿɹأ֣ɶս
˵ٶȶܿ졣


2332  ޿赲
ھҶصʱȣлʵ˵ǵõ˷ǳӴûпͷ磬ǺɫѾռݾԵĶʾ֮࣬нսﵽʮűĵز÷ӵĶõһǿնɱɫľͷѣοڡ
Ҫ֣˭赲
һͷδӦлѾǰԷҵĺɫͷǰ趯񵶣Ǽȭ׼ӳµȭͷ˸ŶĿĽ⣬ֱӺͷǰλá
ٶ̫죬쵽˶޷Ӧ
ҲĿùлնɱͷ£ʶǰ׼һȭͷѸٽ񽣺ǰз⵲Ķʱ̫ˡ
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֪á׿ߵ
Ҳ֪һ֪ġлϸһĨЦ⣬磬ǶҶԣûʲôɱ֮ͬ͡

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ͼ׿һȫµļУȻǽ˿ľУͷ磬ۣףؼףսȹϥȣսѥн˿ľȫװ˿ľװȻӵ׼ͨ켶װֻǲ΢һ㣬Ȼͨ켶ˡ
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2333  ɱս
ȫٳ׿չֳǿ֮ͱͨĶǿʢﵽͷ׿֮ﵽͨʮǿȣн˿ľװļӳ֣ǿ쳣
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2338  ɾ;ͷ
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ÿһ˶⣬лҲеȻûʱȥǣؾȡʥʯڵϢ˲Ϣﵽ˾ͷ磬Ҳʧˣһ󲨶սռͣʧ˵ڡ
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лͷһ뵽Ǹν󷨣ħʹƻɹˣ


2339  뿪
ʼգлںʹħǩԼǷϵģֻûӲԵĹ涨ѡӡ
ħʹı仯Ϊ󷨰֪νԼӦþǸ
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2340  ɱ
׼פΪ֮һ׼ҵĵλ磬ȻҲǰռʺ֮һ׼ҵ֮ϣ֮ʮϣʺıأʥأ˵һһˣõطҲ׼ܹʼԭ֮һ
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ͨͷɫصĵиµ鱨ħʹıɹıħǡֶ֮


2341  Ϣ
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飬ħħѾ¶ҲҪ˻ͨͷ˵ŶˣħҲѾǾͷˣ˵ħѵʱɱ¾̽գһĿĶΪħʹ׼ģһٶѾʧżеıҵ壬챩嵱µһʮرаһˮʥˮ
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ħ̫޳ˣ
Խ޳ܣԽЧ
׼޵оͷʾ⣬
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ͣҪɱлҲܹǷħæˣֻȱס׼פزǹؼ
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лİɱٶȿʼ
ŵĵطͨصĴ󣬲ϵؽɱ¾Щͨͷµľͷˡ
ÿӱһͷɱ
ɽأͷɱϢҲ￪ˣϾɱľͷһˣ׾עġ
Χ׼פصˡ
Ϣ˲Ϣ䴫ÿһ䣬ûоͷٵһˣͳͳ߳Լһ
лҲ֪޷ˡ
ͣɱҲ˾׼פֻ׵ĵطһͷ


2342  ɱ¾
ͷҲǷŵȵģµľͷǳͷϵģնɱһͷЧɱʮͨͷؼڳͷʮ౶ֹܶʮͨͷ޷һͷ
л߱ΧȦֳͷܹžŸ׼޵оͷǵ
Ǹɵͷǵ㹻ǿҪ׼פصķҲѣοѾʮͨͷͺɫͷɱˡ
ʱͷƯڿС
ʹ塣
ѩ׵ë֮ϸʥ⣬ȶţΧͨͷͷͨ켶ֲ
һȺۼһ
ʩչʥ̵棬л˵أȡɵͷ´
ܶͷ̷ɢʩչ
ǵʥҲǲġ
лʵԣҪͻҲѣĻ־;˳ͷҪϮɱǺѵġ
Щͷƿ
һʱ䳬ͷΧ˱Ƚϡ衣
ϾǳͷʵԶͨͷܱģȻӲлģʶ赣ıɱ
лƫƫѡ
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ƵҲе۷壬лԼٶȷӵޣȻǰ£ڵﳬͷʮ֮ʥѾʼá
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ͷٶȻӵľˣһת֮ʣлȻǰ˵һ׺նһͷĿռָһѷ񽣣ɨȥ
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ʵѾʸɾ׼޵оͷˡ
лעľŴ󳬼ͷУӦǿġ
񽣽档

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˵ײͷӲǵסлĹ
Ѱ·ͷЦҪΪɱ˰ƹ죬ܹͳͷ⣬Զء
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ͨ켶۷񵶣ȻĴ߶֮£չֳΪһ档
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Ųʷ˵γڸ߿ա
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л׼޵оͷԪ˵԰ɡ
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ЦΧѣС룬˵ûʲôġ֣Բʮڶ˾лսռ䣬ͨˣֻͷˣлɣ
Ųʷ˿׼פأл˼ƱӪȣҾ󳬼ͷû͹׼פء
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Ȼûã׼פصĽ΢ɶ˻ʴ˳һģпޣ֮⣬߾û
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ԪЦǲǸã֮棬סٳ֣նɱ˻ʲ⣬лҲ뿪
Ųʷ˺ٺЦ˵վͿɽлѰ·˼ˣ


2343  
սռлƾۣȻܹõ಻׵׼פص״Ҳõ˻߳
лҲΪΡ
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ָоĵõĸоȴҲΣա
׼޵оͷԪͨռ忪ʼѰڣⷽ棬ǲ£Ͼսռ֮⣬Ҫƽսռ䣬ڿռ巽ŷǳС
лҲ˼֮
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ǧ֣˻ɫƽĵұĿɱ䣬ȻҪұȫ㡣

Ц˻ʣ㻹ԴΪ˳˻ʣĻ𡣡
˻ʵɱⲻ󡣡
Ļһ䣬վԵĿ޶Ȼſһ硣
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ͻȻ֮ĳ֣ܶ˶е⣬ǳֵĲ˻ʶǿޣ˸е⣬Ͼ׼޵оͷ֣׼ͷ岻ֵģʲôѵܶ׼޵оͷвɣ
һͷҲ׼޵оͷ֣ЦվһԵһͷ״㽫еĳǹȥ
ǹֱָǵ⡣
أ
ǹ⣬ν׼ͨ켶ǹʱ飬ֲƲֱӺڳͷ档
ˣ
ѪŽУǳͷҽжûüȻ飬ֲ׼޵оͷɱ¾
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лɵһϲ
ɱ䣬Ѫа֮׵죬Ȼ޽ӽͷϱеɱõ׵磬ֵ˲䣬л϶׵ϵ֮ġ
ͷܹˣлɱһһˣǶԣǷǳصĴ
ϾԶͨͳ˧ľͷȫûˡ
׼޵оͷŭһƳ˹ȥһ޴Ӱֳſ磬硣
أ
һȴûбɣǶӰѸټ׼޵оͷ
Ϊ֮Ȼˡ
ǾŲʷ˺ͺԪΪ֮㤡
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ܲ𾪿־塣
ǺǺֱðŵ̽⵲Ǵֲе硣
ͬʱ˻Ҳڳˡ
ն񽣺ųʱһ˻зӳҲǸ𺳣һΣǰն֮
أأ
к˲䣬նҲնһ㡣
ǿ˲䱬ƹը졣
񽣾ҵһǿѪǿţȴܿƵˡ
ΣŲʷ˻һɶ
ŲһŻƣ˻ʶȥһ˵˻̷𣬺һ㽫ն飬նתŲʷɱȥ
𣡡

ȫⱬſǿµٶȴӿֳֵģңָ˵ĺ𶯵ͷһġ
ն֮£Ųʷ˽ڽڰˡ
˵Ųʷ˲Ƕ֣ؼǣն̫׺ųʱһǽ񵶵ĴڣʧȥʮľŲʷֻʹþŲ֮ԶĶԺ䣬ȻĻһվޣࡣ
˻ʳ಻ûһжظ಻ϵĺˮϯɱľŲʷ˲ϵغˣǽŰУնɱǿߡ
սĺԪҲΨг֡
񽣳ɱ˻ʶȥͬʱش˴Ҫлߣ
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ʣʮ𣬹ƽһսܹ˻ʲ˵ԣʮ˻ƶ˰ԴΪǿУڽڰˣǰҲʧ档
ԪҪɵôϲ
˻һϱëžŲ𣬼ȥҪΪ
ԪҲվ񽣣Ҫ
ಣ
ƷȻ
һϯصĿսͬƽĴ󺣶Ȼˣͻأĳֻ֣ѹȵĺԪɫأȻתͿңԶʣһɫĹâ쭶һ磬ϯһӽǧ˳ɢʣбը׼ͷǰһֿ񱩵׼޵оͷĺԪɫҲԽԽ
ΪɫâֱӺľ
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նɱͷɳ̶ȣҲΪ֮Ī
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վ׼޵оͷֻǸӽ޵оͷˣƾһսѾǳԺԪһеɱҲֻݱܷâĵˡ
Ǻˣ˫һָ䣬Ҳնɱٸ֡
һĳͷȻѡ
ʧһ˲䣬սԶ˵صʱлҲսռ䣬ٶֱ𺳵ʧĳͷ
Сģ
лˣ
ΧһЩͷǣΪǵʵ̫ͣ۸޷׷˺ͺԪսȴע⵽лսռ䣬̴ѡ


2344  Զ֮ͨ
ͷڱ˵ľġ
һл֣󳬼ͷı㳷˵ʱҲлѾ˽ǰ
ˣȻлһˣ֪лնɱһͷҲ֪͵Ϯıĳɹһսδܹκһˣʶ˿ţ٣ͬ
ǿվޣ㡣
лҲ֪һ㡣
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ǿĿ֮£籩ż̵СԲ׺ݵͷɱȥ
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˵⾫籩֮׼޵оͷľвҲСٵġ
Ȼܹһ󳬼ͷˣȻҲˣԶԶûевĵز
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ˣʹڵ;ƿݵıԵл۷֮ɱȥ
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뵱Զͨ˵Լ츳Ҫ˵油ʵѾѡ˴ԼˣŲʷѡе˶һڣһ֮лҲƣ˭ܹԶͨأء
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ԶͨģҲֳ
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츳ʣԶͨѡҲ֮Уǳл֮⣬Ҫѷɫһߵġ
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׼פˣ˻ʶһһˣΨлĿĽ㡣
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˲໹൱ľ룬ĳɳҲƱؽҪˣĺܹܿﵽ޵оͷ硣
Զ֮ͨһ֣ʾ׼޵оͷۼȥǱһ̸
ϵħˣԶɱһսģԶͨǷһȫ𡣡л
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׷׵ľۼлһһ档
лҲ˻ʼ񣬻кȻĸԴ֮ĸ˺İһûļ棬˴˶Ȼߣĸӽ̸
ȻлĸлǬҲˡ
лǬ츳лѷɫȴҲ̫࣬Ѿ˳硣
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գл뿪ĸ븺ص˻ʣޣȼ棬΢̸֮󣬱ռ硣
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лʵ̸һЩ飬ҪǴӿռ绽˻ʹͬģ׼פصķ˻һõģҪȫ渺𣬽£ûȥʱˣ˻Ҳͳͳķֽˡ
ı֣ҲӮ׼פ˼ֵľ
ȫȣҲû˷ԡ
лռ磬ֱڵʦ񵺣ڱչصʡ


2345  ֲħ
ʦʦص㣬ֶνģʺʦͬʱҪǷսʦӵܹǿ嵽ʦĸأսʿج֮ء
лʱڱչء
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ŰСʱ֮鱨ռ
˫Ŀ΢գʼЩ鱨
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𣿡ȻһЦ
Цлоһ˿أȻЦԶ
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֪һЩƤëԶͨսΣħʹħڵȥȵȣ֪顣л˵
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ǰһǾζħ񾳿Խļ󣬵ȻƾԽȥģȴ޵оͷĴﵽ޵֮
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лüͷһ壬Ҳ˻ʶɡ
˻ȻڴУ˻Ϊ˹طܽκһռ磬һ룬ǽͿв֮£˻ֻ򣬶Ҳ˵
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Ҫ֪ٵĿ޵оͷв˻п޺ͺֵܷ޵оͷĳҲһʺš̾һǿǱǿߣʱ䲻˰ĿǰΪֹĴʻڳͷ磬һʱҲͻƣͻƣǵʵǿҲԵúܡ
е٣лأİɣа취ڶʱһЩͷ
һʲô취
лЦʱܡ
ǲǰ͸Ķһת뵽һܡ
ţһ֮ҪڷפڻõĶӦÿһЩͷ۷ǿǿпͷˡлЦ
ἰˣҲǷʱ˼Щ˯ľͷ֮һ
лҲǺܿ϶ҵжϣӦǣһˣһӴֻڻչֵʱ򣬴˷ȳ֣Ѿע˰ɣĳ֣ҲԶͨǷҪǿнˡ
˵Ļпֱħˡе˸صΣһ٣ӭµһѡ


2346  ȫ
ѣһһ
µĽȻǰ˵ĵħ磬ѾҪˣһ޿ƥˣǽɾͽͳһ磬Ϊħȡʥ֮ģͳ磬ѵĻᡣ
Ϊ˼׼פرؽ⵽ԵĴ
ħǰɻᶯЩǿͷǿԱ׼פصķȻ˼硣
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˼û͸ħĺĲ棬ܹ֪ǵʵء
˵ʵԼ֪˭Ұڵħ֮˵ݣûб¶ɱ˻ᣬݸҵħʵɫŹֵĵҵжϣӦû⣬ǿƭ˵ʵڵģħ緽˵ûҪʲôıļ ϣǶû˵ѵıҪȷʵġ
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Ĵʳɾ;ͷ磬ǵսȫֶΣͨͷģҲ˼ȻԵħ绹Ǻܲۡ
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κ˶̤㣬ǵõĴʵϿɣлڣǵ
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ڲûʲôãֻǸԵõ˻ʵ֧֣ٶҲܹĲ
лĴȻˡ
ǿлȻɾ;ͷ磬Ĵ˷ܣǲǰͷ۷ʱлŸոմﵽսʾˣû뵽лɾ;ͷ磬ȴûͻƣһ
лЦλǰżҴ˷ǰǼͻƳɾ;ͷģ


2347  
ĴͻƣĿռָµر
ĸȻûбľ㣬ľ֮Ųʷ˵ĹʱľŲʷӦǵõ֪ͨһ㷢Ѫ䣬ȻɹΣȴҲӰǳͷ磬Ŀǰ˵ǿҪ²ܹͻơʥ˵
лЦⱦӦÿλǰձͻƣţҵĻƾλǰ츳һͨͷľ硣
ĻĴʶ㵡
ʲôʥʵ
ҲΪȡ
ͷǿɲͨͻǰ򵥵ģܹͻƣѾǷǳĲˡ
лӿռָóһ澵ӡ
ӵıһǳӵ󷨣ҲȭͷС׺ʮģǲϸȥţܹһͨľȥԴ
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лĴָǰȻʶ㣬ѾʧһǧԪʶá
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ǵϸһĨĺ쳱˷ܵġ
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ǣҸоɵʥѾͻˣǺ֣ƺʥ塣лŵʱĸоһӶˣǿǺһλôĳɹ
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ĴԹЦ
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Ȼõġ
λǰλȿʼл
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׷׵ľ£ǰ
ˣѪħٶ죬лǰ˷ܵشļͷѪħΪ˵ԽԽ󣬵ɱ֮Ͳû󣬷𲽵СˣȥͨѪħСȦΪҲǳľˣﵽ˺ɫͷĵز
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Ȼóˮʮɱ䣬ɾʥһ壬£Ҫɾʥһ壬Ҫ겻ȣһп츳ǱΣһɾʥһ壬ΪҲǿпͷɫĵز


2348  ܾ֮
ˮͬģ壬˺ħ˵ĪİܹǵѪ̺ŵǱ̵ʱڴﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȣܹǵʸıĴﵽʥһʥˮ׼
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ʮͷ۷弶ǿߵУԺңԻħħ壬ʣµİ˸ħˡ
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һͷ۷ǿߵл赣ģҵȴﵽ˷磬Ѿ֪жԶˣţĸ˵ɣ츳ֹֻͨ켶λѣǽҵõҲܴﵽزھѾǵļޣͻƣлǳɾ;ͷֻиˣڡ
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лˣǱﾲްɣһսռ֮⣬κ˵ҲҪȥκˣڱȻҲ޷ҵǵġ
ʮ˾ͷͬ⡣
лָ֮󣬱뿪ˣʮ˾ͷսռķġ
죬ʥ
˵ʵܡ
뵽ħлԾɸоޱȵĳأ˼ҹͨͷȫ࣬׼޵оͷɨǵġ
ԾǷǳ֮ġ
Ǳ㷵ʦ񵺡
ʱƶϣӦüء
ѪܾޱȣҵȫٿءУѪܾ˳л
㶼޷ȫٿأлȵĵ
ұϾЩӣڱʱ࣬ʱ̫ޣʦû̫ĽҪǣҶԿռ̫ͨˣԺѷӳѪܾãΪֹȷѪֻܾǷӳңȻĻʮͷ۷ǿߣ츳ģﵽͨͷӦ൱ϣġ
ôã
лǼǵƺ绪ἰѪܾĳɹʺֻܵͣɵģȴ˵ء
Լ֪˵һ顣
ЦǷ޵оͷȾɹʲ߰ɣȻĻ»÷Ҹֶ߽ݾģһ˽ݾǵչкܴĻ
ˣҪ츳Եģܹһ׼޵оͷл
ǲܵģѪܾľͨͷ׼޵оͷܹΪҲǰ˱ǳͷϣҲħǿ൱׼޵оͷԭ򡣡˵
лüˣ㶼˸ˡ
ȻһЦˣǹģ
ʲôлɻĵ
ʣЦŵ
һѣлŻȻǰʸˣһλ˼аżڣƿɽĿռȻ״̬ôõҵаżڣƾͺޣΪȻǾףڶȻǱˡ
˵ƣ츳Ǳģͱǿʢʮһ˵Ѿɾ;ͷл𾪵ġ
ͱִ߶ѪܾȻЧˡ
ǵѪܾڷڣпֲĿռػŵģȻѪܾйôаżʩչѪܾȻЧѡ
Ҫȥ˼ˡл
Ѫܾ飬Ϊפص˸֪ģлҲκˣ͵Լɡ
²Ҫѡ츳İͷС˵ѡܱ˷֣ɣҪһʱ䡣
򵥣аżھ츳㹻ٴʥڵ壬壬;壬ҹħ壬Ǽңҵİͷ㹻ˡлҪһԼĻ˳ֲҪ鷳
ͷҲãǾŰɣᣬǰֱת˼磬Է˷֡
ʹѪܾ֮㵽ʦ񵺣ԶԶرɿռʨʡ


2349  ĩ֮˵
սռڣлʶ
ȥæµˣ̫ˣܹʱն࣬Ҳͻƾͷ绹൱һξ룬ԵռһԴȫǿгɾ;ͷġ
ܲͷ磬ûʧʿлο
ҶѡлЦ
ʥʯ˵ܹﵽһĹؼڡ
ֹһζ˵ʵһ֡ʵĵħȳ׿ǵͬõľˣȻĻǳɳ֮ǰͱɵˣǷ褣Ǳ׷ɱ߹ģ˵ǵһԵɡ
ʵĻлоζ
ô˾úʺڴһԵ׵Ըܲ񰡣Ҫ֪ŵʱʿ޵оͷ
Ȼ
ǰǲʲô֮лԴ׼פأûἰ˵Ļ
֪Ϊʲôʼʵ𣿡˵
лȻǺ±˷Ѫʱ֮ˣʼоһطڲѪܹѪЧãԼ˵ʵ
ʵֻһԭҲġ
ģ
ʲô˼лεġ
һΪ˷˲
ʼ˵εĿǣĩ١
ĩ٣лüͷһ壬ǰ˻
ͻһöۣ۽ҵöۣŴѾۼöҲõ˽ʮ֮ߵļҪļڵһöڣȻ޷ȫŪʱչأϵȥ䣬ȥƶϣҵóһۡʳ
ʲôۡл
ʵĩ٣ģʱڣҲǿʢʱ򣬹޵оͷҲǰʮ޵оͷУǿ޵оͷһ˻Ҫ񾳣һ壬ʥһȵȣ֪޷ֿٵʱͨ޵оͷʮͷԴ˻һĩռƻ
壬ĩռƻ
л𾪣ȴҲܵ
û취̫£̫棬ȻȫȫħϵĽɶԷҪǰʲôҲûʲôܵģҪ֪һ޵оͷҪ񾳵ģ˵ɹʻСôƽƽװ׵ľôɱء
ֻһǧ꣬лΪбƻҲѾƻˣû뵽Ȼڡ
ǲǾѾƻˣƺл뷨
лûҾôġ
ʵʮħ޵ģΨһƻĹǷ褺ħƳľжʮıսսħȵȾһЩΨƻڲļʾӦúʹ˴εĿռŽܵϵ֮䣬һѪƱػᱻΧˣʱһ㣬ôԼ޷ֹƻĲ
ǰΪ˿϶л
Ϊǿռʱҵڴĳصγĩմ˵ͷʱҹûϸ˵ʵҲҪյ׼פصͷ쳣ϧû֡˵յĻ䣬ƶϣȷӦԶʥǰݸҵĶֻϧҪڵһö۵У֪Ķʵޣ֪ҪƽĩռƻΨսʡ
սʣ
лٶһ㶡
Ҫ֣ȷսʾĸ֣Ѿκʮսʲͻƣʮϸ־ܵĳɾսʾ硣˵ɾˣҵֱңǲС
սĩռƻле˼
ʵ£ͷȻѾ֪ұϣܹ֮ڣħ褵ȣƽĩռƻƺûκξٶпǻ˵Ļ
ͷ̫أлҪ˵ȥͷѰ̿սռ䣬Уʲô£
ˣ
лͬʱһ
⵹Щϡ
ǵĲ²⣬Ҫħ⣬ȻҪ̤ƽ׼פأӶ˼յرģЩգȫпһٴ൱ľͷϾԼҲŷḻĴ档
ˣΪ˴æĳˣѲħǡлɫ䡣
ͷԾɵ͹ħ̫ˡһŬƽһ飬Ϊħָ۷״̬ǰȥżģϾżз褺ʹıʹģվǴħûеȵָǲ֪ڸЩʲôͳˣڷ褺ͱʹ֮Эոմɣδƶħƻʱħͳˡ
ǺħǶôĿ£ĳ޳ܵңҲʵõ޷ֱӵһǿĺɫľͷԱһͷͻƵľͷԶԶǿʢͷ۷߱ȫԱֱӽżݻˣűͷһݻ߰˰ˣоŴ׼޵оͷ֣ɨһС
ڼħ֣Ϯɱʹ޵оͷΨзӵ֪٣żʹ߽⣬ħƿصʧķǳޣȫͬİ취ǺԶͨնɱġ
л
ħֶ֮Σ޷ƽ⡣
Ƿ褺ͱʹ֪ôͬ޷ܣʵǾͷԱ̫̫ˣҪǰնɱ޷
ʲôֵܹԱ
лֻ˵ħ޳ܣ񣬺ʵ
ýصĻᣬħʹıôһֲֶΣ֮ȫҪľͷһй˲ò̾
ǵԶͨ棬̷ʹһ־ۼ磬ת˼磬ˡ˵
Ҳ˵лߡл
Цܵģħǲ׼פظˣĴ׼޵оͷʮͷ
лԣɵ
ǲడ
˼ľܹɳ׼פصأѾĻþֶΣҲֻ켸ͼľͷֶѡ
˫ʵ̫ˡ
ԭܹһ֮ħģڿ̫͹ħˣҪ̵ʱڽһ鷳Ϊȡʥ֮һ׼ˡл
ҹƣ죬ħض٣
죡
뵽ħżٶȣлɵÿЦͿܵɡ
Ļδ£üļâ˸۾ٶ¶Цħˣ
ô죿ʳԾĵ
лҲЦ
̫͹ħжЧˣոջż̶ǷҲҪڽ׼פأǼת˼ˡ
лվȻˣҪģ߰ɣҲȥħһˡ


2350  ħ
΢ӣħǿֿ£ȴͨˣϲ̨ˣֻ׼פһˡ
ħǿƵ׼פصĸҲĩ֮С
˻أط
лʣȫ߳׼פء
۴ֻвʮˣԶͨͳȣһ棬ʮȴǶǿߣȫ𾳽ϵĸ֣֮⣬ͷվǰ
Щͷͼģħʹǿģսһ㣬ȴħԱõʱضҪȥĿܡ
ħδ
˷ͷλãֻв׵ľ룬˵ͷƣʤԶͨϾ̫ˣ¸ܲ
лɢ
ʮ׵ķΧһ˺֡
پͷ֮󣬻ʮͨͷǽͼͷͺĸָ뿪
Ĵ׼޵оͷͳսĸǡ
Ĵ׼޵оͷУΨһлʶģǾǴʦͷĹ߾δ
ħҪһЩʱ䷽ܵȥ̸̸ǵʵޱҪþͷԱսĹ˵
֣̫ðɣħҪʮͷԱǵģʲôⷢһ׼޵оͷ˵
Ĵ׼޵оͷĹΪף츳ڻг޵оͷϣ׼޵оͷҪѷɫĶ࣬Ϊħʹ֮ǿͻƣǱҲھ򵽵ˣûκϣʶУ͸߿Ĺһۡ
ܱʮͷǺõģҪǣԶͨƵֻؽʼδֹҲμ֤ʹַܿܲȡͬİ취ΪʤǻǾĲҪʹõĺáĹ
ħ֮ǿɳе𡣡׼޵оͷ
Ĺڰ֣е޹ء
˵꣬ǰȥ
׼޵оͷһۣ㲻
ĹûзɵǰƯپͷ΢ĵطûҵκ˲Ҫ춯ħ֣һе
پͷеõҪǰȥԱʮͷһȻǸˣ˭Ըȥأȫħʹ֮ﵽ㾳ģħһ֮䣬޷ӱܣǱƵġ
Ĺ
Ϊ֮ˣлеŭ𲻶ϵϴܡ
Ũصɱ㲻ͷųҲƮңңĹԡ
þò˵ǹƽһսûȤڴһƽľĹƵ
ߣһϵ𣿡лЦĹ׼޵оͷǱȳͷǿʢ֪ٱֻ͵Ϯǿɱͷܹ֮⣬ǲ·ĹҪˣ͸һʵĻش𡣡
Ĺ޷ǾΪα˼磬ɶԣ
лĵǣ
ԭܼ򵥣˼Ĺĵ
͵޳ܵͽ˻Ϊ㸶ô࣬ҵ֣ħô㣬ѵͲгһ㱳𣿲ʥ֮𣿡лÿһ˵ĶС
л䣬ħǲϵġĹ
߿֮У
ϼ֮У˴ңԶʱһţǰ
Ϊ֮˱һţ˸޷ݣ޷ΣĶ񱻷紵һ󶶶ȥǳĿħ޵֣عǿɨɱһеħδع۷壬ѹʮĪҲӡ
ħֱǴħ櫡
ҲѾ̤ͷ磬Ǵɫꡣ
ǲͬˣħնδӰˣλ磬δҲ޵оͷĲѡҲΨһʼոħˡ
ħˣ
ĹĴ׼޵оͷƯϿգ
ħһվ߿գԼʮ׵ĸ߶ȣǶ֮£һ˫۾Ŀʵʰ׼פأ˻ʣ׼޵оͷܹ˷ܲ򵥣Ƶһ׼޵оͷˡ
лħ佱һΣҲ֤һħǷд˵¡˻ʵ׼פڴ
վħĴħ櫶¶֮⡣
ǿûħƵķ
˳ɵ״̬ɵĴɱԶͨ׼޵оͷ޵оͷղ֣ħε
ȷʵơħĵ

˻ʿЦ׼פڴ
˵ĶԻȫȻ
лһۣҲе˼飬û뵽˻µĽȻ˱̬ѹ˵ֵŲʷ˵ȹһ꣬Ҫ֪ǿˣһ޵оͷбɱĿܡ
һĵ˱챩壬ܹõ챩ǿ챩ػ֮ȻЩȱ㱾츳ǻ۳ˣֲܹȷܲˡħ˵ĻҲǽĿ֮ķԾȱݵģֻҪʮͷԱɽݻ١
˻ʳĬˣûٻӦ
ȻʮͷԱѡĻȷɹʺܸߡ
ħĿתƣϣ΢һǰһɺã
õúܡߵ
Ϊֻؽ֮һǰΪ˼ػ֮Ұǰȥǰ֮ǰ¡ħ
£ЦҪɱңȴҪԭ㣬ӵĵ
ԣ֪ΪֻڣǱ
Ȼħ¡
ħûȻĵʵ˵ǰҲӦ֪֮ȻѡҪԶ֪ͨħޣȫΪǰΪѾвǿߣЩͷҲ˳񾳵ʸ岻ǰѡģӲ䣬Զֻܵһġ
Щ䣬δõ˵ģ޷ȷʵʱյݵλʵӦûбҪ˵ѣͬţǱҪҾԲѡǰġ
ȻǱƵģ˭ǿ󵽿Ѿﵽ챩ǿʢĵزأ嵣أɴ˺һϵе飬ϧǰܹջԼһ꣬ƿҵϣǰƽһħ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ʳ㣬ΪҪ㷽褺ʹ޵оͷ
ħĵ褷䱾ˣȻΪռݣʵ褱߳ɶƽһսǶԷ褵裻ʹν޵оͷҸһսһжӲסкʸһս죬ĵĵΨκʸһսɡ
κ棿ͷл
ħκ棬ǵֻؽ֮һҲصһԴɾֻؽ֮һδ˼ݣΪҲ֮Ψһһսġ
Զͨأл
ԶͨţڵȷѾںԶͨ꣬־ѾǸ֮һˡħ˵Զ
Զ
뵽ԶͨǰǹƣлҲզ࣬ϾħǴԶͨġ
лȻΪβԶѲɵκΪƽ
ħȻǣôãнΣҲɷѿģΪҺκ棬ϧ̫ˣȻκˣ֪ڴŻ취κµİɡ
κ氵Զ֪ͨ


2351  ʵɱħѣ
ͷκ֮Ϊֹ֪˭ħδֻͬؽ粻֪϶֡
лҪͨħ֪κݵġ
뷨ֻϡ
ֻħἰκ氵Զͨٴһ˿ͷǰ֪κΰԶͨǺʱġ
ʱ䲻һǧꡣħû˼磬ƿصʲôֵģȫԴ촰˵κ鶼̨ϰڿģ֮ɱ䣬ûн֮ȫɻɾһ֣ԶԸҺԶͨѡ˽أսսħ꣬䣬޷ҵҳ֣ΨжԸԶͨˣ̾õԶͨȴҲԶʥʸӡǣʹԶͨʼձһ˿ʶҰڸ˻֮ܰ㣬Ҫѣ
Ȼ
ԶʥʺεǿƣΨһδħģҲħ꿴صܹһսĳ׿
һִݻֻؽ硣
ǿӹɣƫƫ󱻰
ɾôȥ˾òܣڿԶʥԾֵƣӰŵľơ
ǰȻ˵ƽ֮ô˵ԶͨѾǰˣƺΨͷκʸǰһսˡл˵
ƺħҲһ
лһЦ԰ѵǰ˻һһս𣬶ܹʮİɱ㡣
ħԣЦ֮Уǵǿʢǰ񾳵ĸ֣ûҵ֪˿˵
ಣ
лһɳ죬Ưڸ߿գƾ紵ҷ˫Ŀ侫⣬ȫսȻң
㣿ħȻ
еħĸǺȻЦ
Ƿ·ЦЦ
˼緽ҲһȻ
ţлЦţָȫҪǼ̾͵
Ļ䣬ڵİ֮Ȼ
ͷ磬߶֮ףɷӳʮ֮һȫĴ߶֮һԴﵽ
綼Ҫѵѹлɢ
ˣܲ裬ռѺۣѿ޿־һĩٵľ
еЦȻֹ
־磬вµġ
ʵҪɱħĺסлĵ
֮ף
櫺ʹħɫ䡣
лǰ֮ףںϻֻ֮֮Ҫÿ͵ףţƺѾ쵽ٶγɵʱ˰ɡħħʵǿӦñչ˵ģɾ񾳣ֻ
ǺǣħƽһαвͦʵġħЦ
ҪٶȣԸҡлħƽȴ˸оļҵΪ꣬ͬ⣬˲䱬㲻֮ףҲܹԴԱĻܹһ޷вңȻԴ˼֮ףһ
ħ
˵ĺôأ١
˭Ҳû뵽Ƽתֱ¡
֮׵ĳ֣嵽ħ
û뵽뵽һУħƽĵҲԸ˼ϣ
βͬھл
ħŽ²ãأ΢΢һЦͨͷͳͷڵħ磬Щ˶ˣԾɿʤĽϣҴһԡ
лͫĵħҶ֡
ûУ챩⣬ںؼ⣬̫⣬ǳ⣬ȵȹʮ⣬ڣصıԴ֮ɵ⣬ǿҶ֪Ը㣬һٵءħƽĵ
Ļ˶Ϊ֮Ȼ
ɻٵһأǿɵػٵ硣
лҲʶ̬ԡ
Ŀռ壬˲ãҲпռ壬ħĿռַһѪΪۣ˲Ϣݳȥʮ֮⣬Զ˵أ˵мɰɱңħЦɱҲѣҪ빥ңѣҪŪ
леˡ
ô죿
ܾܲɱ˰ɡ
ǶһԼԼҽԲ֣ǲʮͷԱݻٷȻˣʱħ˵
лһ⵹Ǹ⡣
ԼǷǳµġ
ҩָŴα죬δﵽԼĵزأħӦҲƽǡ
ãͬ⡣л

ħƮɳ棬һҪлƽһս
ħڻĶ֣ٹհɡ
ħԣκˡ
ħǲġ
лóҪħɫǷǴİɫȻ޷̽ħɫʡ
ħܿһԼԼѪǩ֡
ˣҲ˻ֽš
лҲǩ֡
Լͣлħͬʱһ޵лŻ½ء
ˣлԾɲҵġ
Ǽ׼פڡ
˻Ѿվ׼פߵɽۣ֮˸𵴣޷ӣȫ֣ӹ̷ﵽޡ
˶ڴ
ܹסʮͷԱǶԣش壬ܹħơ
ÿһ˶ţڴĿš
ĸײտռ紴˿ЯŵĿռС续ЩռС罫׼פڵλҲȥɡл˵ǷƻƱؾˣǰ䣬ܻΣգʱҲԴǽսռ
ȥ졣
ΧҲ
Ψлվڰңʣ˻ɽ۲ٿطȴʮͷԱ
ͷԱɻء
ʮͷԱķ綼ΣյģνԱֶνеģֻݻָĿ꣬ΧƻȻĻͷԱżżڵĸֱը͸޴Ӱˣ˸о
ʮͷ֡ħ
׼פ˵Ķ
Σʱˡ
ɽһĻ˶סˡ
پͷڵأȻûһͷӦħʼվԭأ˿һ仯˲ɵñơ
ħȵִУҪ췴ɣ
ŭ˵Ķķ
پͷԾһġ
һ£վںͨͷҲе⣬׼޵оͷֱӳپͷС
Ǹո̤㣬̸оһ˿
ãˡһ׼޵оͷɫ䣬æس
ոͿһֻӴɵƴȺ̽һ½ץסȺУȻˣͲҪˡ


2352  ʦе
˭Ҳû뵽֮·
پͷδħ£׼޵оͷȻҲУƺʲô
𺳵ǣپͷʮͨͷҲܵĳǣǰƶεѸٵɢͨͷͨ켶ҲУӰ㣬У޷԰Ρ
ô£ħȻ׼פڵл㣬һлڸǰǹʱ䡣
лҲǲ⡣
仯ȷħƵ
ƺҪħ櫺ʹħ֮˶
дȻСлЦӦԶͨµƣ֮ǰǺ־Χ׼פصġ
Զͨħŭ
ħһħ̱ˡ
лħңңӡ
ãħϸһĨЦǵ͹˼ˣǵΪ˼һġ
Ļлͷһ
ѵ
ͼħһ֣һεɢپͷΧһصͿб·ӵͷĵص㣬һٵ˵Ѹٵ˥ȥԼΪ۷һ
ǱˣǡĹ
Ĺħ櫿ˣɵͬʱ
һȫȻ
׼פڵĸҲɵþлʷ׷ǰȻĹֵġ
ѵһֱǼͶģʾȵĵ
лԺиǰ⡣
ȾĹصĹڶ֣ıַҪɱԼģкȥй۲죬ȴûκζյڤڤڤǣΪֹħ綼֪еԶɱڶȡʱԣڰбõĵħʵԴ
һжһӽ⿪ˡ
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лһ뵽лʦܹԶͨҪͷ۵飬ƺʲôܹвԶͨġ
СС磬Ҳвҡħ
ǳûҰʱ䣬ħһսδ㡣лʦĵӦøлԶͨұ˴໥ǣţ޷Ҳв˼İȫңлػ֮ǱϹʥµػһȴҵõħ۴׼ɱ޵оͷɷΪܹҷתʦоڳɹˣΪħ׼ġ
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Ĺ⣬̫͹ħȻΪּɱħʵģĳҲħ֪ԼˣҲħƱɱؼ٣֮£ħܻԴ֮£ܴˣлɳˣһٽħսսħлߣΪλħ
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ħһЦ⣬Ȼض֪ˣ˵һ㲻ҾħҴû˵ֻؽ֮һֻΪ϶ħˣԹ˭
㲻ǣʵӦһǳľͷϧûŪŪˣӦܹҵ㡣Ĺ
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һȥһа״Сľ޴ƱγˣͬŰĴɽ͵ѹȥ
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ˢ
ħͬλӰ㣬ɵر͸ɢһĺ֮ϡ


2353  ͷκ
ĳĹûڵϣ˫ֽǰеʦȱѣҲʼѡ
˿˿Ѫѿĵطɢ
ѪĲ
׼פڣȻֹͣ˽뻭ڵĿռС磬˿Ĺ۾ʪˡ
û֪ʮıߣʮˣȻ֮ˣΪ˼磬ѡıѣԼֵݵĿƣɱֵܣֻΪܹ˼硣
ûܳɹֹħʹƻȴҪԼȡ˼档
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ʼչһĨº͵Ц⣬ĺۣˣ
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ʧһ̣մף裬εƵɢʧĵطΪģеľͷʼٵڣɻҡ
ٶͷ׼޵оͷʮͨͷвֳͷһϢ
ңĹ޻ڣ
ңĹѪ֮λӢ
ңĹԸ䣬˼ˣ
ˡؼһ޴ӰžͷѸٵǺȻĹӰЦݣһ֣Ϳл˵һҵĻζı֮ƣһڹûĹӰ֮ڡ
лһᣬԭٷ֮һĵز
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Ҫ֪˭㻹첻ħЦڼһصʮʹΣ͸ڡ

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ͷκҲ⣬ͬо޴Σڰͬ˰ˣȻ޷׷ħȻʧˡ
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ħ櫶һۣʧҪȥ򣬶ħһͿһӰԶĵط֣ǵħ
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л٣ǳսɣ
԰ȥƴˣҲҪ汳ġ
˶Ⱥ鼤ܣս졣
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ͬһӵŭҪй˷ĹлʦͷκսĻԼͱħˣ˼ҸûԼɱƽġ
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2354  ս
ʮͷ־
ǵĿĺܼ򵥣ԼԱȡ˵߽˵ĹϾ̫ǿ󣬶Ѿûϣﵽͷ磬Ǿͺδṩʲôˣİ취
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˵Щʲôء
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Χ£
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лħѾħԼ֣ȴԾˣҪǳȥһս

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ʵĻʥ֮ĵؾ׼פڻ߸Բᳬ׼פʮ׵ĵط

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޵Ĺ⺮ʤ߿յĹâײ

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һܴ֮Ĵħ¶ɱ⣬Ҫɱң㻹䣡һһö³УһһɫĹâ汬һ˶е־˻
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Ѿ֪ĵħֲ֮£лӰȻԾɵ͹˵ħĸо


2355  仯
ħٻģгǿһͷɫӥͨѩףûһëƸһѩһΨһ˫۾Ǻģ׹⣬ӥצޱȣӥ๼µȴ˫չʮҵĳȣԵλþĵطֵͬһ㡣
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Ҫ֪ѩӥħޱʱӥɵģģΨһĽ;ǣħʥˮͨ˽׶ɵʥѩӥ
ôȥˣѵֻǽһֻʥѩӥ
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Ҳɱң׼޵оͷŭȵտڣѪȻܵشȱҪغܶ౶ġ
ɱΣ
лüļâ
籩
ľ籩һẓ̇תűɱȥ
ʹ׼޵оͷľֲҪ籩Ĺٶ̫ˣ˲Ϣ
׼޵оͷƺһὣ⵲

ħҵ𵴣׼޵оͷѼ֣ӵħҲٶѪ󵹷ȥǽٶȷҪսռ顣
⣡
Ȼչ̺ŵʥʥѸٵںϣɷ֮һâȥ
ʥ粻ˣٶȳ
ٶ֮Կ죬ʥЧ
׼޵оͷȭͷδȥ֮Ѿ֮£ֻѡȥұΪ
ۣ
˵лʥ壬ûﵽһز֮ǰԷ֮Ҳܹܵġ
֮һ±ȭͷ֮ڶȥӼͷԽȥҲ𶯵弸飬ʹĲҽУ׼޵оͷлȻ٣ӹһâ㽫ûˡ
лѸٽռָħȻսռ䡣
ħľӢˣ˴ȵ
ĸ֣׼פرǿ߷׷׵ĳˣв˽룬в׼פǰ
ʱҲͳʵ֣вٶʶġ


2356  ˵ݣ
ĸ֣׼פڵ˼֣ǵħǿǣϳЩ˵ݡ
壡
˭Ҳû뵽˷ֵǰӪȵľȻǶ壬ǸѾΪڼ˥Ķ壬Ҷ޷˻һͨͷΪ˻նɱͨͷ˵鷢
˴ζȻ׼פ֡
ж˼еѾȫЩ˶ŵùл˵ġ
лǰλƶģ
˵˵Ȼģȶƣﵽħţţ㻹֪ҵְɣҽ˻ԡ
ˣˡлʱɴ۾
Աߵ֣Ҳ㷢
˾Ȼֻ˻ԣ
ʱǰ˼ڶˡ
ĵһȻս񣬴Ϊڶˣųֻ죬ʵǿΪڶˣս񣬶δս񽻷˭ǿѽֻԶԣ˻Եսֻ࣬һζҪ޵оͷûȥͷ֣ű˵ʱǰ˼ڶ˵ġ
Ժ˵Ҷ˼粢ûϣġֻ˻˵ħǲӢǰˣҵġ
лĿͿһ֧飬ֻ࣬ʮңΪ׵ĺȻһ׼޵оͷһ޶ĳͷʮ׼ͷһ±õħսٶһ
Ƕ룬Ծɲܴ
Ͼ巽Ψ˻һ׼޵оͷʮ˶ǳͷȻл֣Ǿռڵȫ֧֣ܹһڱɾ׼޵оͷǻȱʱġ
γɶţԴʱ䡣
ħͳ˧Ӣ׼޵оͷǰ
ۣˣħҲе⡣
Ϊ۵׼޵оͷħ֮ǰǰҵδǰΪħõܱԶɱżû֮żĸ֣ҲҪҵģӦ˼ʱ˯ǿߣƿһӴʶҪħΧ׼פأȻҵǰħ׼ǡ
ħüͷһ壬Ԥϳˣɻ
ûˣֻҪħܹĹ׼פأ˵غܾܿʥ֮ĳĵط۵
֪ˡħͷ
ĻħԾĴ׼޵оͷͷﵽ˽ʮ˵Ŀ֡
лǶһλ׼޵оͷʮλͷ಻ûСˡ
Ŵħ͹ۺεĶԻлҲ֪ˣ˼Ҹڱ˻Եġ
صģȻˣȻаӦһУӮþܶʱ䡣ֻ˻ŵĵߣȥ̸̸
˱˹ȥ
ħ緽棬ħ͹Ҳһɳ
˫ЩĬġ
˻ԣҲδ˰ɡ
һ˻ԵݣʱõħһƬ䶯˼緽ĸ֣Ҳ𾪲ѡ
˻һ֮Уս޼Ի͵һǱħĴ󳬼ͷ֪ιŭɱĴ󳬼ͷռݵأֻһֻֽĴ󳬼ͷɱһͷ˵Ѿﵽ׼޵оͷԴ˱ֻ졣
˵˻ԵǴɱħġ
ǰˡ˻ĵһǵãǰԼһսδԼ
۵ĵǿڹƽһս
Ȼԣ˷սҪӺһ¡˻Ե
ΪΣ۵
˻һָ
վڶʮλͷһЩɫͨͷֻ̤࣬оˡ
һ֣۵ͫһ
ǾλӦʶðɡ˻Ц
ãããĴָȻһû䣬ˮ©˷Ѿһ׼
˻ԵȻѲ֪ħ֧Ӣսӣһ֧صʥսӣΨͳ˧ֻӢսǰһ²ħһ֧ӢսĿҵģҾĺɵˡ
ۺʹħɫͬʱһ䡣
֪֧Ӣսӣ֪ʥսӡ
뵽ħʹõʥѩӥл²⣬ȻħҲûע⵽һġ
ħͬҲֻǲ²ѣȷʥսӡ
֪ϸ۳
˻Цһ𣿡漴ɫһ֮ҹƽһսϣһڣû׼פأ
˵֮ת뿪
лҲͷˮĸš
ףǴħͬӵʺţǾͨͷǲΪǳ֣۱ˡ
ħȥ֮Ȼ˵֮ǻȶǶһ°ɡ۵
֮£ħֻ´
ħֺǧףΧ׼פء
ž͡
Ҳлһϣģһµʱ䣬Ƕԣܹкܴı仯ȫһڴﵽ׼޵оͷġ
˱ع׼פء
˻Ȼֹͣ߶ҲҪΪĵĲĸ֣ħ֪ʲôʱܻع飬һħȻǴﵽ۷״̬ģһ֣Σյġ
ȫ˻ʱ
׼פأһס֮ء
л˻뵥սռ佻̸
еĲⶼ˵ɣʱش𡣡˻˵
һʣлǰοƵĶ壻ǰ֪ĵħôϢģħ絽жصǾŴͨͷܹ۸Ըһ֮ս
˻Աشƶ壬֮ͣΪĹĹͣѡͶħ磬֪ħʹƻ赲ҲǸ˷ǳŬϧ൱һʱ̽أоͰ۵ͬһˣûڳ˯ħһҪħǰȥ˼磬Ѱ˯ңԼһЩҵѡ
ħ֮ҪѰңΪƿţǾŴͨͷİȻ˵Ĺ֪֮󣬱ݳ˯Ϊ籾Դ֮ͻ֮ĶԳԭ򣬴һǰѰҵңȻ󻨷Ѱʱ䣬һطӲǰͽҴӳ˯лˣͽʱ¸ңҸ֪Σ˼缸ûʲô֮⣬ʶұų˯֮ˣѡһ㰵Уٰһĳ˯֮ˣԿơ
޷룬ħʵħƶļƻУͬ޷͸Ψ磬Уʹص㣬̫޷͸׼⣬˻͸ȥ˷ѣʣ¾ֻͶ壬壬ʱ֮ģܴڳ˯֮ˣ˾ֻжˡ


2357  
⣬ս˫Ȼܹǿ˼ܶڼװһΣĹǰµĽƣ޷ؿƣַֺϵĿƣţ˵ĹĽطģñ޷Ӹת䣬϶˼ɹ֮󣬱㿪ʼϵز鿴ڵĸֻ֣ϧ˷̫ѣĹҲֻܶԱ޷һʩչ
˻˱޷򣬴ɱһͷʵǱ޷ⰲŵģ˻ֲ֮˼жУг޵ľͷڱ޷ΪȻ˻ʣҲǽӽͻƱԵˣҵָ£붷ڳ׼޵оͷһɹõ൱ǿ
˻Ե˵лҲ̾
ĹΪ˼Ѿ
ϧΪ˼ս
ϧĹл̾
׼פһ˱Ȼȫпռ硣˻Գ֪ʮͷԱжǿڿɶħƵÿһսƽƽԱĻͬͨͷʮͨͷԱռ綼ܵӰġ
лԣɵһ
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ˣ褺ʹʹǰôһ㷴֮ûУΪһٵͼͷԱȫżǱ褽ʱ֮֮ӹ̣н˿ľ֮µȹ̣Ӳ̶ȣ綼ǿܶ౶ġ˻˵£ĹΨѡռԼ߽İپͷǷʸӮȡһʱ䣬ȥץסʤһ߻ᡣ
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ĹΪ˻ȴ֪ҪҲ޷ӡ
ħ̫ˡл
ħ粻£µħ˻ɫĿ£ħսл꣬սħлֻؽ֮һϹХƵ̫꣬İ˼ֻؽطڻͨټϽǰ޾ط֮츳Ѿǳǵ˵ս޵оͷӦ׼ݲŶԣΪ֪Զͨ褿ʹʹ涼޵оͷҽһʱܲˣδٻǾֻһͣħﵽ޵оͷĶ塣
лҲãħչֳµս޵оͷɿġ
ǰЩϢҲĹǰ𣿡лʵ
ţ̽ģħʹƻʼն޷о͸ģеĵħܣ̽ҲѹְΪ̽ϢǸӵʶͨľ̽һЩ鱨ϵõĽƳһЩطͨЩֶΣ̽˼е鱨˻˵
һԣĹ츳ĺܿ¡
˻Կл֪ΪʲôŴζҪ˵㣬ϵض㶯֣
ӦĿɡл
ûǰǰʼչسͷģԶĳ֣ԭ֪ģȴƻļƻʱҲҪԼıģҪ벻ǰ㾫ʶƣǺѵãҲѵʱˣһչֳ֣ǰ֮ף϶˼ϣǷĿԣŴεʵ飬ÿζ趨֣㶼ƽˣԾܵ͵ƽ⣬ΪҲѸ٣˲ȻϧһΪ㴴ʱ䣬ĳ֣ǣ׼פأȫ֧Լ޵оͷģҲˣĹ츳ǳĿ£˿ģ㣬Լȫ㡣˻˵
лڿĹѡͬھʱ򣬾Ѿµˡ
ʮȴǰȫΪ˼Ŭ
˵Ϊ˼縶ģĹ˻ʻҪܶɡ
˻Լ˵ڵħȷǳĿ£ͨĹʮ׼޵оͷɱѾˣʣʮһˣĸ߸ȫ櫽ˡ
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лλͷģ֪ħκȻǻ취ﵽѣΪʥ֮Ŭģκ棬ˣǰǶκڿ϶
˻ԿЦˣˡ
лȻ
һֱɵǸлΪɷɷͻ֮ɱʮƣ֮лĹĹ˵ȥɱҲδ߹ңԿлٹأ;ÿˣû뵽ǱκûţԻҵġ˻Ե
лͷκͬʱ
Ȼȷлκ޹κ׼פӦõһ˵ݡ
κԶɱսʱ򣬸лʦڿռɱҺֳעġл
˻ԵཻģҲ˷ôʱ䡣һ£˵ǲòϣκĺ׼פȥ磬أӲԷ֣Һ
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ͷκ浽һҲʣͬ׼פأͬ׼פʱűΣա
Ҳ̫ħ佻սܾˣȻ˫׼ģħܵʥսҲõǳˡ˻Ե
ʥսӣʥһħޣлʵ
ͷ˻ԵǵģʥѩӥɵսӣǵħѾ޸ʥˮģ޷ȷǸ֪ʥѩӥܶ׼޵оͷ귽Ӧаٷ֮һİɫ㣬׼޵оͷ࣬ڴħʥѩӥǱħһʵʥˮо޸ʥˮƷˡ
ʥѩӥսӡ
׼޵оͷ
ͼ׼޵оͷҲսοһСսӣضڸλɡ
ħµ
֧ʥսӣɷ޵оͷͷ褶ԸҲ赣ġ˻˵֪һ⣬ǾŴͨͷöˣǧʱ䴴ģΪаˣ
лаˣû˵
˻Խ͵֪崴Ķ֪ܣԼЩǸ崴ģ
̫л
ɱ壬һǳа壬Ȩʧܣ֮Ըս壬ΪǴаˣаֻͨͷ𣬿ȫԽ޵оͷеģǳͷƶɵģ޵оͷˣֻϧҵõطֻͨͷģͷ֮Ҳûеõ˻˵
лȵôǿΪβ֣аܹס޵оͷеĻҲԳ֡
˻ҡͷУֻһֵĻᣬһʹϣԹʹˣΣˡ
ԭˣл̾һаҲܵġ
ǽ̸˺ܾá
սռʱлϲĵȴʲôϲ£ˡ
Цǵ˵ܴϣǳɹˣʱˡ


2358  ֮
Դ׼פأлܾδ̣̣ŮõĴǶŮǱл֪
ҳлɻ
ȻһЦȻҪΨܹн͵Ŀĵأ֪ɣƻѡеİͷǿʺѪܾʹ֮ˣѾ׵Ҳģ˻ǰĳͷеˣѾ⣬ڿɴﵽ׼޵оͷز
л˻Իһۣʱ仹ǹؼֻҪʱ䣬˼ϣ
ǰȥɣｻҡ˻Ե
ֻ˻֣ȻлϣģаˣҲԵĴڡ
лռ硣
һƵĹµڣл
Ůи֮壬һ°빦ҲܹѸٳɳԭ򣬹ʶŮȻûеõȫ֧֣Ͼǵ츳Ǳ滹ҪѷɫģˣҲѾﵽ˰ͷľ磬ҲǷǳ˵ĳɼˡ
㣬㣬Ұ˸ˡлǰһƣһһ׼һģϢжмǲҪױ¶
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㿴Щûûҡмĵط
壬ȻҪ뻳Уһġ
ֻ֮ĹϵЩĸҡ
ҰĲȻշˣлҲ˲һңʼû
ɡлף뵽Щ̸۵ıǰΨһĶˣȴΪҰԼ˾룬Щζϣôĥȥվлǰ֡
Ƕһ㺬塣
Ҫȥ޳֮ҵһ־ٶ
лŶǵݣЩ꣬Ҳ࣬ķԵ磬͹ĵطͦΣϸĵطӯӯһա
Ů룬ҲӡлҲЦˡ
˼缫Σʱ̣ʱ٣˭˵ࡣ
лһ֣ץס֣վ
ľٶһ¡
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ұΪûռұˣ㻳أ겻ǸɫԵлˡЦ
лԣ˳룬¡һƣðɣȻ㣬Ҿ˵ŻƣסϸҲ룬ʵû˼ˡ
΢е㷢̣ؿлĻ
ϯض
Ůңл˫Ůе㣬Ҳңڣֻÿÿ뵽ľƣȴ񣬳ûԶ
ƺолĳ飬ŮҲûȥ欵һ档
Ƹӣ˼ǽö֪ģҪǰҲһ֮ʥ֮ĳ֮ʱǽܹһ˵
˼粻Ƿǳлеѹܴ󣬵Ѿǿ󵽿⶯ʮ֮һп˼磬£֮أ̫ˣţҪ
˵ܰԼʥ֮ģлû̫⡣
ʥ֮޵оͷ֮Ϸ
Ʋôǽã㣬СǣǵĻԵˣߺߣô㣬ģǾ֪ǽõ
ǽø֮ϣҵõһĴУѾһаͨУǴ֮µϵֻҪ㽫ȥɵõ֮µЦ
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ˣȷ档
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֮ϣԶʥʴУ
Զʥµ
Զʥʣ޵оͷµȻǷͬСˣֵĻȻǿɳΪ˼ǿ֮һˡ

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Ůֱ˼Ϊѵʱ򣬴ϣ
֪ɵЦղŻšƲ
лϲ֮£һͷݺݵ㴽һλǣŤͷ
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˵ɣǣл
㲻Ǿɱؼ𣿲Ҫйԣûǵˣ˵
֮Ǳܹ֮ڸӦԶʥµڣͨ뿪˵أѰҵսռ磬ǴںϾˡ˵
˵ĻлȻӦ
ʩչɱĨ乥ԣŮڡ
ǵ
Ů㿪ʼ̼֮ɱҲȻʧ
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ڴУûлԵõʶҲȥŮƺʲô仯ûУ͸ۣ۲⵽ŮȫſģûκεܹԼоǵƺһ
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ŮƾŴ֮ĸӦָ
лŮͨȻ뿪׼פء
ĵħҲ򵥵ķǰΧȦʵ̫󣬸ȫҷҲ͸ǧףʶлͨû׵ɵıӰΧȦ뿪
Ůָ֮£ǵķǶ
л֪绷УƺҲûʲô֮ȻŮָȻҲɡ
Ϊ֤֪뿪׼פأͬʱҲҪĸϵĿĵأлȫطеģٶȷӵ޵ĵزҲˣעʮڵһУ˲Ϣ쭳ȥʮס
ٶҲŮզ಻ѡ
ȫٷУŮڸӦŴ֮ĲԽԽܼԽԽǿҵʱ򣬶Ȼолͣ
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лĿ⿴ǰǱˡ
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֪лɫأƺǳϤҵۣʼʮױԵλûܹȷҵķзηûн˦ҿ֤ٶӦòҲ
ˣǱʹɣҸоĿĵѾ̫Զˣ֮ȫԵ㣬ܹ˦
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û˵ĸо뿪£ٶȫǰС
ϦµʱǵĿĵء


2359  ܵ
˵ȥһͨɽǺССɽߵɽǧңʮСɽš
лûʲôо
ŮǸӦǿңǵĴ֮궯ˣʹǵһ޵ɫţǴǰƮȥȫҪŮԼʹǸԵս
֮Ī⡣
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ڴ֮ǣ֮£ǱһСɽǰ֮
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Ůֱ֣ץסл󣬴һ̤ռš
𵴣˱еһʧء
漴ٶ۾ѾһȽõУûأûǳûɽ
ȥãܲʵ
õڣһˣǳѹ֡
λߣΪҪˡһ
лҲûشֱӴ߶µѪ֮ĲγһΧĶ
ؼ۳һʵӰ
ʣǵõϿ֮ˡٶ
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ǵϼŷǳǿ
лֻһۣȷĸ߶׼޵оͷģǵһ˵кȻһİɫꡣ
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Ĵ׼޵оͷ
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ĴʥϵмλãƯһˮﶯŵŮĴ֮˹ԵĲ
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ǣǰ֪ģл
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˵žͿ׼޵оͷóһԲεʯ顣
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ꡭꡭ
лĺЩ
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лңΪʥ壬Ϊ˼縶Ӧõġ׼޵оͷ˵дʥʯмɰڴﵽ޵оͷΡ
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֮ͨԴ֮ҲСϾ̫ߣҪ޳̫ˣ˵ޱȾģлԾʣûʸתΪġ
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أؼ˵ЧǳԵģҲһ޴㡣
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֮ʥʯȻ֮ʥʯźֵܴͨɫ͸ģλÿһöɫģɢŵСԲĴڣʥʯеתš
ʥʯǻ֮ڴﵽ޵оͷҸɴһͷײˡ
ҵӡ׽Ĺ͵㣬ԭǧ֮һҵٶҲõһ
ھɫͨͷ㲻ԶˣôӦÿԴﵽ׼ͷĵزǲ֪ɫежٵĽɫ㣬ǹĻл׼޵оͷһˡ
лʥʯ棬һƨȥ
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лһЩˮͳͳѡ
֮Դ֮ΪĲֱϬĽ壬ȫٵľ֮׺͵˫شתΪʹظоΪĲ


2360  ƽʥټ
˶ˮҲûлɫͨͷɴ˿ɼôļѣڽսʱ򣬿ЩˮβɫͨͷҪﵽ׼ͷľˡ
ҪȽսҪǿ߱Ҫ࣬ȻͬõԶԣֻǽսܹʹõ֮һѣӵΣҲǾԶʮ౶Ĵۡ
ˮκľ֮ʥʯҲ˷õʱ̡
лٶȼ̵õȫ
֮׺͵ҲǴﵽȫɵתתųʣʹΪϵǿ
ҲʥʯõĵĸСʱͻơ
ɫͨͷٶȲ
ԽߣٶԽ죬֮ԾչԭͻҪԭĺܶ౶
㹻ٶ죬Ȼлͻͽ
ʥʯͷų֮Դ̫̫֮࣬һʱѳ׵Ĵǰ֮׺͵ﳬĴٶȶǸ˵ġ
أͷųϢлˣ˶ˮƵģȫƤֵɫģǲϵؼӸߣȥеи
лҲϵųһЩɫǶ˵ģ˵Ǿʡ
ЩΧʹӰ֣
ȫлоʥʯֹͣͷϢ֮󣬱֪һȥˣҲˮȦ
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ʵҲࡣ
ѾǴɫˣȻ˽ɫĹ㣬ףǽɫԽԽࡣ
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ͬǰԤϵһ
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˴βǼٵĸ·ѸǱû´ԼңȻչٶȣľ磬ٶ屶ࡣ
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ˣлҲЩ㵡
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ǰĴ磬ֻǷĪЦȥӵˣ˫⣬ȧֳݣУбûˣȻŲʷ˹׼פأѪع⣬ΧˣܹҲǺġ
֣ȻǷĪЦǰΪβҳأ
Ȼܹҵ۰ȻҲֻܹ֪ǺһģҵΪȻҲţҲնɱͷ׼޵оͷľ磬Ȼûҹ
⣬ĪЦòܵĳرصƣѾ޷ӳ׼޵оͷ˰ɣˣ᲻Ҷ֡
л϶ĪЦ⡣
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ΪβܽסĪЦĵ
лǸȻӣﰵЦȷĪЦȻսۿۣһǰӲ׼޵оͷˣô;ԲԼĶ֣Ψ׼޵оͷϷпܴ
ˣǾͲˡ
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ĪЦҪ֮ѪΣ
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лĿҪҵ֮ѪҵѪɲôܹõġ
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ǽھ˰׵ĵطȻصͬʱȥȡĪЦ
лԥĵԣ


2361  
֮˸ɴͬ⣬ǷĪЦóĶ޷ܾҪǣĪЦı֡
׼޵оͷľ磬ĸ߸ϵԸνġƽӲ֤ʵڵ״ǳ⣬лֻǺɫĳͷ磬û˿İջʤŻѡġ
жĪЦڰĵط
ӰлпѣǸԼɵ׼޵оͷ䵽زϰ
ĪЦеĶлϣõ
ϣǲóģͬȼҲٶ޵еģԽ֣Ҳٶ޷ġ
лӵ˼͵ħͲܹںϣôٶȷ棬޵Уûʲôܹٶȷġ
ͬ⡣
ȻԷĪЦı֣лȫǿᣬĻĪЦܽݻˣ԰ȫǹƽױȽ׵
лó֮Ѫ
֮ѪһƿڣȻƮɰ׾롣
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Ȼһǰȥͬʱм׵ĵط
лᣬĪЦ
л΢΢һЦһġ
ͬʱ
ʱͲǳ̬ĻǰȥǱƴٶȣٶȷӳлֱӽٶչֳ
ˢһΣĵطֽ̽䳭У߶ڣĪЦµƴݻ١
ǽͨͷȫǿ١
лҲͿԶ϶ĪЦܹӳ޷ͳͷˣǾ͸ûΣա
ƣֱӽڣͬʱһ̸ΪĪЦɱȥ
ͬʱĪЦ֮ѪĴƿʮ׵ľء
ܣٶȡĪЦе
֮ǰллٶٶ൱ģȻΪܵӰ죬ս޷ӳǷĪЦٶȲû̫ܵӰ죬ϾǷˣյľٶȡ
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ⲻ֪лѾͻơ
֮ǰɫ꾳磬񲻵ɫ꣬һĽɫ㣬׼ͷΪô࣬Ȼٶͬĵõˡ
ں֮ϣǾ̫ˣûһںǰˡ
ֻգۼĹѾлںˡ
ٶٴεõ
ĪЦץƿʱлѾľһףҸӷٵ̡
ץŴƿķĪЦƴĽٶȷӵޡ
ˣҲֻǳȥ׶ѣͱл׷ϣ߾಻߰׶ѡ
лձһȭȥ
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ĪЦǱء
ſڵϣ鴤ƺʲôаĶƵģʹ಻æҪƿڵ֮Ѫȥ
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лôشңӵþŲʷΧ˵ģΪܵơ
ĪЦҧݣŬص˵ˣ֮Ѫ
ı֣֪֮ѪӦָܹģѪᣬҵĵˡл
ԸǩԼ˼ΪѣԸͬ⡣ĪЦ
лҡͷҲԼ
ħǩԼģּ
ĪЦûǰѪԼƱһ˽⣬ӦⲻǺܴ
ſϷŹҡĪЦ
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ңΣĪЦԣŭ
ǾͱҲˡл̧֣ӿѹڷĪЦϣҪϢˡ
ҪôҪôơ
һ߸ϣ˵ķĪЦһĸо
޷ܱ˿ƣū
뵽ԼԼЩ˲ɱһĻͲģôЩ֡
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û⡣лֻһȥɱŲʷˣ
ĪЦɽ
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˵նɱŲʷʲôԣ
շĪЦ걾Դ
걾ԴӣֻҪлһݻ٣Ʊ÷ĪЦ֣֮ɱᣬһ֮䡣
лһ걾Դ㽫֮Ѫ׸
ĪЦ֮̽Ѫ¡
ȫһ͵ڷĿµҲѸٵʧҲ𲽵ǿ
죬ʱ䣬ұɻָ۷״̬ȥɱŲʷˡĪЦƯ»ָš
л㻹δشҵ⣬ӵΪܵơ
ĪЦұͻһĿռ䴫󷨣֮ǰ⵽Ųʷ˵Ѫ䣬ѪΨ֮ѪԽΣ
ţ֪ˣȥɡл
ĪЦĿлһۣתȥ
ԶȥıӰлһ˿Ц
ĪЦɣ
֮Ѫ̺һ֮Ѫ͸Ѫڣʮ죬ͻ
ָ״̬ôֻʮʱ
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лȫǰС
õٶٴıȫչ֮˲Ϣʮ׵ľ롣
䣬͵Ŀĵء
һǳ۵Сɽȡ
л֮ۿ㿴ɽڵһɽи߼֮£úôһбֳ
һͨɫС߲ң֦ҶҲïԼҲʮƬСҶǽӲӵģ۳һ˵ͷ񣬿˵Ҳǲʱ˿˿ķâɢ
ڻƽʥĶ棬һ׼޵оͷ˺ȻǵлԶɱڵ³˯ѵĳͷҲֻؽ֮ǿ֮
һһڽ̸
лǻƽʥҶľһ޲ϳᡣ


2362  ƽʥҶ
Ƶлԭӵ侲Խǻ٣Խ侲ûָš
ذ۲ܡ
ȫ֤鿴ÿһطȷ˵ص״Ƿʺĳ֣ͻƽʥֻؽĸ֣͵ϮĻⲻ󣬱ϾΪǳͷġ
ϸĹ۲š
ҲĽ̸
Һ㡣
ΪʲôҶ£ѲһẦ㲻ɣο˵أҪʥ˵صģɱ㣬֪ҿܻ𣿡
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ʲô˼
Զֻؽδ֮ǰϵ֮ˣ˽ףǿװǣδһĹƽףʶΪǣ㣬ǽף㶼ƿ֮УҸǵģҲͬ⡣
ƽʥ
ΪԶĳͷױŭˡ
лЦѣΪھ˵ʮ׵ĵط׼ͷ˾ڹע˵ء
Ҳֻؽ
ǼԶǲġлֹȷʵûˣ֣նɱⲻ󡣡
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ڰȭ׺װ׵תŻ֣ƽսնɱһͷⲻ
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ϾεǿߣһжսǷǳ˵ġ
ƽʥҺɿԽͷɾ׼޵оͷһ磬ҲǶģҲаͶ֮İɡԶ޷õƽʥͬ⣬ɵЦ
㽻ףб֮ģƽʥЦһԶ㲻ܿЦ𡣡
Զߵǿɲһ
ƽʥݱԶҲִϸҹȥҪϢ
߱ߣסһٻġԶȻתȥ
ڳҲ״ƽʥ
Զһǰȥ
ƽʥƲƲ죬Сһʲô
Ҳʱ뿪ļԶȻһתȻƽʥĽǰһĨâݺݵͱƽʥݵλá
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ˡԶǰȻһĨϹ⣬ǰ㸡һɫļУƽ֦ɫУȷδơ
෴ǼԶеļ⵶ݺݵͱƽʥɡ
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ͷȻ֮ǰԵʱǰѵĽ棬Ҫȥɱ͵ϮҪŻʹþ籩贴ˣܻʤ
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໣
ħ
лҷ裬죬ȵ֮Ѹٵɢȥ߿Яɽɷɱ
ضбļ
ŭɱĳͷԶһӴӷŭΪ侲תһ˿־ݳġ
ҪȻܡ

񵶿նֻ̺֮񽣡
Ű߶֮£һն񽣣޼᲻ݵĵػڼԶǰɫ档
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ȴܹһˡ
Ǿ޴ı仯
ʱգѾվһ˵ĸ߶ȡ


2363  ׽

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ͷԶ·ȥǱлŶϽĿĶлȫһ֮ɵĺһİţ񱩵ֱ͸ʣǰе׼ͷѸٵĸ
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ܿ죬л׷Զ߰׵ĵط
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ʮܼ֮
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2364  ط˼磡
䳹׽ԺʹʥʯЧһࡣ
ǰӺɫ겿ɫڵɫһĽɫ㣬ǳ׽꣬ĳ봿ɫĳͷ簡
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ϣ޵оͷҲ̫ģΨһ׼޵оͷ̫٣̫ʥ֮ĳ׼פΧû㹻׼޵оͷػʱ޵оͷսܹ˼ݻٵģѡ뿪ʥ֮Ĳ
ȫΪҵһƣɲҪʧŶлһа齿۵
аŵĵүʧģֻҪﵽɫ꾳磬ǰȥŲʷפڣпܸҴһɱء


2365  ŮԲ
ܹ֮ٶ֮죬л̫࣬ҲԭģǾаڸûʲôӡ䣬ʹʼնʱǸܹ״̬
ûЩƣ൱лʱ򣬽ʥʯһȻ࣬ʱ˵ǳκ˶ʮģʶܹĴﵽͷ磬츳ĻȣҲȵײģ˵Ψаԡ
ʶлҩָãȷܹ˼ı仯
ŲʷפʲôԸɱģлʵ
аʱҲǺҳͷ磬ûô˳ģΪŲʷפڷһֵı仯ŲʷפЩϵҵõһͻƵģҵʱԵĸоʲôңһδεͻơһܸоʮʷĳǣ
а˵泶ϹϵģǶаԣҪҲ൱ѶȵģϾΪģܹͬʱִ߱ʥ𣬻ܹںص㣬޵оͷܹõʥͲˣʥ𣬾ûȥѡȡġ
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лͷҲá
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ðɣѾΪͷ۷壬ӡһĻᣬˮ̳ɾ;ͷˡл˵


2366  ˮĲ֮ͬ
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ν޼ɱףȡǿ㣬ɱ룬ʹڹרġ
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л֮ǰ
һ֮ǿ״̬޼ɱ׳͡
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ںϣȴǰ򵥣ĿǰΪֹлͷ
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ߡ
л϶ŵˣҪ뿪аż㱻ƽסˡ
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лһ̤뿪аż
۽һֱңʹǱΪлɾף涼һĿƣ߱磬Ѱľ֮ͻ֮ĩ֮ԼҪۡ
ľ֮ͻ֮Ѿ߱۷棬Ҳҵöʣһöʼûҵ޷ʻָе䣬֪̽ĩռƻȫ޷֪Զʥµƽ֮
öʵһжõ˽
ȫָκ˶൱ٶ׼פضԣȫԽõһı֤
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ţҲƽֽó
ЩӶѪܾоĽ
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Ҫһ֮Ѫܾ³֮ȫʩչѪܾعƣʮ˳ɾ;ͷƲ࣬϶֮츳ߣа˳ɵϣֱ̤ɫͨͷľ硣
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˼ȷڼٵţ˵ʵ׼޵оͷ£ñǱס׼פصδϣʱ̣ʥ֮ĳõģ׼޵оͷϵġ
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۽еĵһۿܷá
лٶȷӵޣϺ֮Ͽţͬһ⣬ϵţٶȾǰͷҲΪۣǵ۸޷׷ġ
ϵš
ʮ֮лҵһµ
µ֮ϣصʬ壬㶼۽ʥǸ֣żҲӼħǿߣǳϡ١
аħĸ֣ͷΪףΧмһСɽۣ֮߰ˣһǱ㶼Ҷлʶģм۽ܣǼҵ·ƣ̿ħŴ̿޺ĸܾ䣬ҵ壬ħѪħʮĵһѪħһϢʱҪ˼ǸųҪ߱ѰƵЦƣҳ֮ĵһлйӴصʬ塣


2371  Σ
ŵߴָˣĸܾһۣͬлΪἫҹϹˣѰƵЦϿɿ׹ǵ˿ڶĴ֮࣬ħѪħۿŻˡ
ϸԸ۽ܵʥǸֵʬΪ
ǵǿҲֻܾǰͷɫˣ۰Χǵĵħ֣ǰͷʮаɫ۷ͷˣµԱȣʵ̫ˡ
ͶΪ׵ĵħͷıʣ㶼ûһͶģŭһƱ˳ȥ
лǣҲֻ۱Եλãʮء
صʬ壬۽ܵ˵Ĳ״
ŭˣ
ŭ죬ضΪ֮ɫ
𣡡
׳ХأԶҲͻ
ãȣǾͷǣлǵħͷʧɫæе
ͷ۷ǰȥ
ٶл̫ˣǾ۽ܵʵ̫̫ˣ߰׶ѣ԰ͷ۷徳磬ȫ淢ٶ֮£ʱл罫ʮҪĶࡣ
лŭ𶯵ħְΧȦΧʱͷѾ嵽ǰҪܻ׽۽ܵˡ
ǿȻȵģȻʥǸ֡
ô׽۽ܵˣвԷˡ
ಣ
԰ͷ۷弶ǿߣǴ״̬޷ֿһУοȫӳս±ͨ켶λ磬ôֿ
ۿžҪãǷӦϣ屧ŵļѪħعⷵհȻĻе
䣡
ֱײͷǿһȻը
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ͻȻľٶǰͷһͱըĲҽһɳȥͷҲܲһˡ
ѪħѪ
Աδ۽ܵ˷ֺȻѪħһ
ҲԼʹ
Ƕ
ֻһ˲䣬Ȼ㹻лȫٷӳٶˣ
ħǿȴʹ䣬ͳͳɱȥǿлǸе壬ܹ۽ܵˣвлˡ
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뵽۽̳ܵ߿ա
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лҡҡͷǲҪνʣȻµıԱܹƽ⣬ҲͲˣħµĽ

Ц
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ʮˣ׼޵оͷħ죬ȫǳͷ
˽ҵĻлҿûܣȻĻܵħµˣΪԣǿΣաЦ۽ܵԱӲˣ˵ط㱻ЩͷǸˡ
лĿ櫣ҵĺ⣬ʤħ㹥
ɱҸףôңܲ𣡡ҧгݵĵ֪ʱģ
лˡлߵ
櫵㱻ƻҵûʥ˲żüã۽ܾȻ˲Ȼǰļƻ֣Ȼ֪ˣΪλҪ֪ͨǰء
л˿ռָ֪ʲô𣿡
ʲô櫵
ʵĵһöۣҲһöۣõʱɻָȫ䡣л
ˣǸ뿪ˣʿ޵оͷġЦ
Ȼ֪޵оͷ㲻֣ΪδӲǽսлʵ
櫵һֱƣԲŸ˵Ļᡣ
лĵΪʹĻ𣬾޷ֹˡǵһöóɢǿƬƺӣԶʥļ䣬ǹĩռƻҪħ˼ƻҵ𣬶ڵ˺󣬿ǷĩռƻٴתԶʥʵƽ֮ȴ⵽ԶͨȴΧ˶ǰǿƽ֮ʣǼ棬Ψн佻ʣ֪Ľĩռƻİ취
ħŮǹƻģҪŰħ
ڰ֣櫵ħعἰڻʱ𲽵˵ôһĩռƻңлҲûбҪƭǣħ˵޵оͷƽ⣬ܹƽ⣬ѵ׼޵оͷʮͷɱ
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лҲûܷԼ뿪
ߴ֣㶼ʥǾ
۽ȥɣ츳ߣҲţһԻع׼פصġ
ԣ۱۽ҵģӦȥ
·ƣܾƳ۽ܡ
λ۽ܵ
л۷ռָ۽ܣȥɣĩռƻ࣬ҪһҪɹСķ޵оͷ
ſռָ۽ܳ̾һ֪櫵ıҪǰ
Щл۽ܵļͷοҲδܹô
۽ܿлˣλأ
Ҳ֪ش
Ҳƴǣ뿪˴˵أҲУȥ
ħµĽ֮Уֻлˡ
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лɫƽ˵һߡ
ǻõġ·Ƶ
νãΨһ·ǾԱȻǵ櫶һָǵġ
İɣǾһ£ԻǰġлſħǿǣǱ
ƿħµģǺѴơܾ
˽ƺǿΨǶϵλŮ˵ûʲôáлЦ
˵ŮȻа飬Ϧ
аʥϣǰ֮
Ϧɿˮ
ǵܹħĽƣлİ֮ױȽΣգʹãζ˼ĻˣѶҪɥʹð֮ףǾᣬעֻܵȺɾײܹӦˡ


2372  櫣
֣лʹ䣬ȻҪʱ䣬櫷棬սթҲ벻ϦǳͷˮŮַӵˮԶԶͨͨ켶ʱģȻǰҲлǰŮ䣬ˮκƵĽĻҲܴﵽͷģҲ櫲֪ģ֪ҲܸлκʱĻᡣ
ħãäĿš
û취ħ֮ǿѾӹˣԺȥħµƽ⣿
櫣һ⵽ڶ벻ͨл
ʱ䣿ǿл˼
лȻһЦôΪҲν
ȥϡ
ЦʱħµĽƣҷ۽Ѿ½ƣΪҪ۽ܣܹû뵽㾹ȻѾ˼磬ɱҵħ֣Ͷɡ
ǰͶҵȷû뵽㾹Ȼҡлûзϣȷû뵽ҸӲǣ飬һִһٵ㸸׽׷ոıϱȻֽ˰ɣҺ֪Ƿ֪ǱԶͨѡУҵ油òңᱻᡣ
ҵȻ֪櫵
лҲĽ
΢΢ͷûһʼҾɶҸ׸ΣͬҲջԶֻͨϧû뵽ͻȻ֣ȻıĿ꣬ӵа֮ףԶͨɵǳջѡ롣
ô˵֪Զͨˡлɻĵˣƺ֮ǰѪӡǰ櫱̫Ĳͬˡ
֪ôֻĸҵļ䣬ҪȥʹԶͨҵʱҲԶͨô˽⣬ֻǺռһЩϣ֪ԶͨԾɴڣ򡣡˵
ʹܳɹл
¶νӣҵļƻɹͷκļƻɹˣѾԶͨشһԶͨ޷ܣƱĸҵԶͨ
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ĸģħµİɡл
Ȼħ£ԶͨѾвˡ櫵Ҳûн;ΪУҲûǸȤ
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ἰɫ񵤣櫵¶õЦݡ
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֪ҸҶ϶νĽɫ񵤣ȷǳ׽ˣҲںܾ֮ǰɫҪĶл
ûֻܴϧ֪̫ˡ櫿ЦҸ㣬ɫ񵤱ħʹɹһνöɫ񵤶ӦԣеģҸ㣬öɫԴӳұ㰵пƣս־˻ãȻսʾʱ䳬ǿսתɵս㣬䶯죬֣ҪҪǳսʾ磬ܲǰսģû뵽˱˴Ȼʥʱ򣬾ѾҵҪһŻʥʱ򣬾ѹ
֪ɫνɫʲôԶӦǺ˲ãҿյűԵģʵȫôһ£ɫӦ˼磬͵ħ磬õɫ񵤣ԺκεӰ죬ܹһĿᣬ֪֪ʲôأѾҵҪʮǿҵսħʹƻĸҸøлġ
лԳս⣬Ҳ˵˵ʲôһ˵ս־ﵽµı֣սʾ磬Ҿ˵սʾҲһصľ磬ڴڼ䣬һǱֻ𾳽ģܹͨ־ﵽսĻܹǱɱ䡣
櫵ûˣսʣսʣսĻߣֵľսռʮսħʹڵЩûﵽͷˣͨսǱǿͷģ֪ǿĸڡ
û뵽ҾȻǵħħʹƻɹסлеܺЦʵ
Ȼ֪ˣǾɡ櫵ĵҪ붯սռ䣬սռûõģħµĽƾרġ
Ļһ䣬׼޵оͷͬʱǰƮȥֱӱɱл
רң
ǾǱʹսռЧˡ
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壬лģˣ˵ʵ櫵У壬кûʲô
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ڵŵĶͷ
лչ
볬ͷսоԵģûκεĵĻɱ׼޵оͷͬѾܽӽ޵оͷս֮ǿʤͷ֪ٱġ
лȫװȭף񵶣ͳͳ׼׵
͵ĹлԥĻӵ
޼ɱף
ֱǿֶΡ
ϾԷһ׼޵оͷħ죬ʮͷĶţһ񣬾Ϳ֮ǡ
л㽫ǰǿӳҲ֤⶷ǿȡ
񵶳ռѡ
޼ɱףγɵĿռ䣬ѹƶֵ꣬ȵȷ棬Ȼ޵İθԼĹƻشġ
ǵһѩɫĴʥ̺֮޼᲻ݵ
ռѿ֪
˫γһ޴Ĺ֣ҷͬʱˡ
ء
ռУ֮ȵǹ棬ĳѺۣǼ׹⵶âһ½俪ˡ
ĵâϮɱĲ
ֺֿݡ
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ͷʱط⵲ĻᶼûУܹոշӦ׼޵оͷǿʱչֳӦ˫ȭžһǹˡ
޼ɱףֻ΢ܵһӰ죬ûܶ乹ɰ˺
лҲ׼޵оͷĿ£ԶԶͷ֪ٱأεĶܹԿġ
һ׼޵оͷ򲻹Ҫ˵ֳһ׼޵оͷ
Σˣ


2373  һƣ
ǿδܸԷʵԵ˺Ծл׽һ߻ᣬǱʵǿֵܹŹվһ˲䣬ľ޴ģϾǿǿǿ֮һ޼ɱף̺ŸֲֿɱУ䣬дɵʥ
ı׼޵оͷҲľ޴
ҪָҪһʱ䡣
ܿ죬ǵ磬Ѿ㹻ٶˡ
лȥȡһĴϢᣬ˵һ͵ĳײȥӦõȻ޶Ϊ߼ƶնںϹɵǿһǿƵĳײȥ
񵶱ͨ켶ļޡ
עлĹǿƻǾˡ
елٶȾȻĿݣûл̫ˡ
ȴôġ
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ҡ£㿴ͬʱл֮УֱϮ
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лЦķ֮еַģܹ˲ûʮƭˣǱҪƭʵ̫ˣΪӵۣһǳµۡ
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Ҳ
лܹشˣû뵽ȻֶԸǲǸƽڻֶַΡ
ʵлûע⵽һ㣬Ǿȷǰ˫лڶڵõȵܷٵģȻһε֪ģΨһĿ֪߾أά˹ֵ£ľ䣬ɺ֣ȴѾɱˣܴݳȥġ
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лһػɫ档
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Ҳûָ۷塣
ĺɫҲʧˡ
ǲл
ߵħʹ֮ԤļҽҵõΪؼʱʩչģȻȵʹá
׼޵оͷҲˡлЦ
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Ļлš
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񵶣޷ֲ׼޵оͷ֮Ĳࡣ
Ҳְɡ櫵
վԵħ΢һͷҲ
¼л
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лһ侲ҲڴϦľܹΣ
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Слˣթѵ
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޷Ǿ˼͵ħںϡһ˵꣬ɫ΢䣬ѵںġ
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л֮࣬Ѿٶޣˢһ±㱬ȥͬһâɲǼħм䴩Խȥ
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ħĶ֣ĸֿûл
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ЩϾ׼޵оͷͳͷ֣ҲǾˣܼƷδܷӳǿİҲлһӳʮͷмطֻңмΨͷ赲
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ֱӽ󳬼ͷĺɳȥ޷лǰĲ񵶳û֡
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˵û˿Ļңʮ侲ĶллӽȻ̧ץһ£˻һѩɫӰ汬Ȼʥˮʧܣ޷ﵽ׼޵оͷʥѩӥɼʧܣԾǳͷġ
һӳײ
лǰֱӺײ
ûж
ǳûٶȱˣ˷ֱӸ󺣡
أ
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ۣ
ѪŽУʥѩӥлֱնΪ룬ܹл⣬һ֣Ҳʹлʧȥһɱ櫵Ļᡣ
Ҳ۷櫵ʱħѾҽɱ
˸Դһ⽻⵲׷
лһȶΣûȥһɱתŷȥҲǡ뽻ħ⽻
ɱֱֳӷӽ⡣
ɱǽͺǿ㣬ģл۵õȫ֮á
ɱֱ櫶ȥ


2374  Ůˮ
ʮףζɱԭǿ˽ĵز˵Ǻɫ櫣׼޵оͷɱ޷Ӧġ
һУ櫱ɡ
ħɱȻԼ˵ķ⵲ҲԵһ
ħŮСģ
׼޵оͷΪĺȡ
ͬʱɱȥȫ赲ɱĹ
ʣµĳͷҲ׷׵ĳ֡
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л𣬳û֡
ĿΪȫľ櫵
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лҲעţΪЩ⡣
û뵽˭޷ƽɱȻҵƽ֮
Ҳû̫û֣ȫҪӪ櫵ĴҲǲġ
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֮櫵̽䱸
Ů˭ûлӣС࣬Ƿǿзˮ߶ˣֻܿˡ



2375  
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ܹˮ˴櫱ɣǱ׼޵оͷмֵģŮ˵ǻ̫ߣ̫ұ츳Ǳħ֧֣˭֪һ̻Ϊ׼޵оͷ
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صĽӵأΪƹأϱԶͨأǾŲʷ˵ءл˵ȥǸأ


2376  Ķ
൱ͬĵ۹˴˼еģֻǰֵı仯ֻ֮ѡ
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ŲʷͬΣأǻ֮أǿɲʺûлԣŮˮԣܵĿƣܹˮҲĴãƶ̫
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ٻңǶǵħ绹кܴģȥðܴյġ
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صأλ򶫱ǵһɽڣܾӵɽǳʽ͹ųһ㣬ǰǰģǽ涼ĺۼʾʱŶʲô⣬⵽
л˽ɽڣ۱һˣԶͨ£һǰֻͨ켶λ磬ȴѾ̤ͷĺؽǹ


2377  ѹ
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ȷûǵⷽ棬οƽʱ߸ϣЩҲôģΪԼƴ
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ܣӺѿڶʾԶʥ񽣽ʵĿس̶ȡ
лҲͷһ
ͺˣԶͨ˵ĹעָҪ֪˽ʾԲһ㡣
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ؽǹûʱㆪ£ԼԼңǡ˵м䣬ƹλãһƨĿαϣоܺðѹƹϲ衣
ӺĿţȭͷսԺڷٵ˼ŸƹҲó࣬Ͼһʱ䣬ͳϽĵطӶĶɲ١
ãҸ㽣ʣǱ뽫ʥظڣӺѡЬ
ؽǹһü̸
Ӻߵʥ׼֮Ĺؼڣ֮УҲûԵĴǰԲңҲʣҪ֪֣֪סˣС㣬ԶͨͨЩνĻݲѰңҲҵ


2378  ʥʽ
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2380  ɱ
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2381  
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Ԫлֹֻؽ統ͷԪϹХƺκ棬кԪԶֶ֮ͨ»ع壻ϹХΪħɱʧؼ䣻κΪͷ׼פأǾͬ
ϹХƣƹû뵽ӵĵħͷħˣΪħᣬǲ֪ħ˭˵
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лֵҿǡǡ෴ؽǹҲһεģԶͨܸҪṩᣬ壬»ΪĻж׼ȷļǷǳġ
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ǿҸʲô϶ѡҵģˣں͵ǲһģҿл֮֮꣬ߵӣκ޵оͷҪңҲܵġл۵
ٺ٣˼ҾǵЦ
лؽǹƶ׼ȷĻκ滹δָ۷壬ܹ˳ħܾˣͱһ㼶ģκ滹ûжܵƸ󣬲Ȼѡ׼פأôĿܾǰƣΪ֪ʥ֮Ļ׼פطԲʮڳô˵ĻѾѡһȡ֮ˣֻʥ֮ĳˡ
ʲôܹΪ֮ıأҪ֪ͨѽɵģͻᱻƻ
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лЦȿǵľףŻ֡


2383  ؽ٣
ʹʹޣֻʹԣ˵Ӻ˶ȥ֮߰ࡣ
󳬼ͷʹмͨͷͳͷǿߣȫѹӺһǺ޵ֻֿռ̣ǱƼˣҲǵӺ˹ǽɳһЩ飬ǾͲ̫ˡ
ϣǲҪ̫Ҹ׵֮أصʥأ̤㣬λҪ֡Ӻѹеŭ޲ýؽǹ˺Ƭû뵽ʹȻбʹû뵽ǣоؽǹǩԼȻʧЧˣȻ뵽ΪؽǹɱɢģԶͨĽʶЩԼġ
ҾѾܸˡΪ׵ʹ֮׵磬ͬҴܣʵǲӣȫᣬ¾ãƾǵܹ赲ǵǰ𣿡
ӺÿһطҸǰʹùģƣǿԸ
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˵صżǷǳģڷǳļ⣬л֮ôڣĪİ򵥵˵ܵõаõ൱
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˾棬ӺȻ󵹷ȥʧǰʧĵطڳĵ⣬ʥأãսͶ˭ǰһɱ⣡


2384  
Ҫ˫ɱõİ취Ǳ˴ж֣ȻĻǿаг֣Щͷľǵġ
лӺζʥڵɵĴϲҲ֮ΧĴʥףָ⣬ʱ׼ֻ֣ҪӺ׵ϣȻܹǷͻġ
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2385  ںϣ
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лǰżҪͨżǿ
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ػ˵صĹͼҲȫٵתʹ÷Ѹٵǿһ潵ƺĳְãҪżⲻڱ
ԽԽ࣬л֣ȻһӰڸ߿֮ϸֳЩӰǴģһʹĸ֡
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Ϸ־޴Ӱл΢ۿȻ־ȻʹȡżʱһĻĻ
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ΪҪȫǽӵ˼ޣûκεΣл򣬺ɵıܹеİ
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ԼľԲڵ״̬
Ժеˣϣؼ٣ʼƽͬһĺڡ
лһԹߣﾲĹʮлһڹǵİѰϵ㣬ʼ𲽵ںš
ںϣǳѣҪһĽУѵʱҲǺܶġ
лںʱڻ͡
Ҫˡ
׼޵оͷʮ󳬼ͷϵ
Ĵ׼޵оͷȫѹ緽׼޵оͷ˵ȻפظȴòپͷֶԿ׼޵оͷϾǵĳͷΪ׼޵оͷ˶кܶģܹҲûٸ˼ʮ֮ࡣ
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Ȼǡ櫵ĵ
ŷʲôĿġ
櫵ҴֻһĿģǾնɱл
ʲôնɱл˵лˡŷɫ΢䣬Ҳһɧ
櫵ˣҿԸ㣬ǱӺ֮ٷ֮ʮĿлģħҲΪллĻ峤ҲӦλԼԼΣ֮С
ŷ𣬡˵ҲеʦڵǰҪҵлú𣿡
ʡ˵ǿնɱл


2386  
櫵飬ŷӵһ뷨ǷԣϾлĻܵɱлĻǱɶлյĶ˭֪л񵶣дӷפӶö
˶ĸǰҲ֪ԷҲǶлڱصá
Ĵ׼޵оͷʮ󳬼ͷҲֻǱ¶ģ櫵ľѵᰵ
ֿԣλҪǽĻˡС֮Һܵģŷƽ˵
Ҫ櫵
ŷӵҵлȻΧˡ
櫵ͷⷨӣͬ⣬Ҫ峤лѾʱˣǿѾ󡣡
ħŮ˵ҵԽлȳɣҿ֪ͨԶͨ棬ǲרлĺͺԪǰŷЦ
׼޵оͷл֮档
ԶͨƵ׼޵оͷսˣؼܹлսռ֮пá
峤أЦ
ŷӵǾֻħŮǣһԽƳġ
ҵȻ峤ֻǺѰˡ櫵
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櫻ִħ˵ĵлٶ˫Ҫɱ޵оͷ׼޵оͷֲһĿܣһŷӶѣǸ׼޵оͷҲδܹлǶ׼ǡ
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˵ĺںеĶʵǽһ㾫ϵƷжѡ
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2387  ׼޵оͷ
ûҵӰҲûսļ󣬿ȷûʲôΣգл֪޵оͷ׼޵оͷӵˮҲ޷õġ
ȻûΣգлҲͰˡ
Ҳ˷â֮ء
ν֮أʵǾŵͨطŨ֮γɵľŴռ䣬ʺĳһЧԣԶʤʥصģʶâҲʹҪĵһõط
лֱѡеľ֮ء
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ľ֮һʮ׵ĵؿӣŹػţͷųľϢͷųܳʱռϢҲǷǳ֮صģҲȽϴ⡣
ܾһЩʱĹĵģͨ󷨣ǶΧģӱʱһЩľԱƬеģʶϢǳĶ࣬ҲȽϴ
л˵أʩչսռ䡣
ľ֮ضУȻó֮ʥʯ䰲ƨ棬㿪ʼ
֮ʥʯлһģȻҲ֪һʱͽ֮׸УȫϢĹ֮ˣеȫתľԭҲǴ׼ͷٶȻǿ٣ֻҪͻҪˡ
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ն࣬ͷųࡣ
ȫգԶԣǰ֮ṩĴٶҪ޵оͷٶȻҪܶ౶Ҳ޷ٶȣʵʥʯͷŵ̫ˣҲΪʲôܹһʥʯãھͷҲͻƵԵˡ
лգٶͬϴ֮ʥʯһʼ
գۼĹлȦ

ȫһжûоȥעлȴûз֣ѾﵽռزʥʯͷųϢ֮󣬾Ȼøӵͨ͸ˣ·лĲգʥʯҲڲϵؾС
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׼޵оͷĻ֣ǽɫҪʮ֮һİɫܹ׼޵оͷأȻĻͷУаɫĿɲ٣ǾʮʮȳͷǿҲԵúܡ
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âŨѹƶɵģǲƺʹãЧԶʤͷųϢ
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ʹãľ֮صʱ࣬еԴϢͷųΪлա

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лսռ䣬Ҫȥ֮أͷϦ潹ĵȴš
ȫϾɢɱģлڼ䣬۲ûпģҲ֪էϦҲһ
ˣʹԡл˵ŻۣȻ֣âȻǸֱ鲼оʹ峤ŷӣ׼޵оͷĴ׼޵оͷ
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һ㣬лͬͬĴ櫾ԲܷڶΣ櫴˴δĴ׼޵оͷߴ׼޵оͷСħִ߶ˮҲɳ׼޵оͷ⵲ġ

̾һϦ̧ͷлʵܹһһ㶼ڡ
ΪʲôҪл
㲻ҪǿˣڵľѾˣлˡϦлǰһ׵ĵطĿ֪ҵ⡣
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櫣ŷӵһӳ˽ǸΧ


2388  ɱ
âһҪػŴԵĹ֣лߣ㱻ǿз飬仨Ʈ㣬Щ꿴ȥޱȵĹƮƮȻԵõĺܣлϦĺ촽ȫв԰Σ⻭濴ȥ˵
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һȻлۣȴںЩˣȻûκεľ£ҲǴƷζ˶Ļɡ
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ĳ׷ſˣûκεıлѾ϶ɣҪԼΪлȡһͷųȵļ飬ӵһԼǡ
ǣ˵Ļ꣬ܰ˴Թͬɫ޴ʻʹⳡƻá
л㻹أŷ̹ǣ˵ʵⶼ޷ˣľˣ¶Ҫˡ
˷ò櫵˲Ҫ֣ҪѲ顣
һ޹
գҪ櫳֣ҵֱǴΪԼ͹ȥ˸
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ը죬ؼƶɽϷӿ޾ƣţ
ƱǰӺ׵ǿʢ֪ٱȻ֮ǰӺԾģܹںʹţʼձ֤ʥعУҲԭģ̣Ȼ˷ٱͬҲǸʹһһԣҪ֪Ҫǽʥص˼
Ʒѹ·ֿɼ
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лҲΪȵĿʣܹƣȻ׵ǳһġ
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׵ֵñעһ
Ҳǣ֮׾Ͳĩ֮ɴﵽ۷ǿ׵ĵز˵׵Ǵɵʥױȫ̼ķӳȫڰ֮ǰ¶ʲôԵġ
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գۼ䣬׵ٵᣬ˾ʮ״ϸа׵ľ޴֮ڷţϵؽռ־ҵ𵴡
Ӻңָл


2389  ɱ
ӺŭĿ𣬾еһȻŤضҡΣ֣Ǿâ㿪ʼˡ
ŷӿϼһ鴤
ҪˣȴֻͣԼ࣬Ѫת渶Ѫľâʹ˱ָоʹҪ
𣡡
ȻһĳХ
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û뵽ɡӺЦʥذ˫Ҹµı֮һ˵л׼޵оͷҲаһ֮նɱģŴ̺ʱŴһ꣬ɾȻһ٣Ŀ˻ߵĺл
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ͬһʱ䣬ʹ櫴׼޵оͷͬʱ֣⣬һɱл
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2390  Һģ
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ŷӣħĴ׼޵оͷ֮࣬ҲͬʱɱȥҪֹлչɱ


2391  Ҳ׼޵оͷ
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ŭ٣һΣһ˻ˣһֳħһʹħ˵ɢԷֱһ棬һǼ١
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Ƿ׼޵оͷͿлӦˡ


2392  ɱ櫡һ
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ҪɱҪĿ櫡
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һ֮£϶ͼȭ׵ͨ켶˻ڣѷѸٵӳȥۿŵҪϵģֲҲҽһ˫۱ѺѪɽʹŻգβҲķ棬̫ͣβֱӺڡ
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ʱһִɱıһΪа˵ľͷ˵սʾ翪ʼƾһִɱŶȹһδεĽѣ԰ͷͨһִɱնɱһͨͷӶһս統ܹսսħʥŮħħĴڡ
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ײ棬ö
۳ɸƵľȻҪлʩչХնлһȫ

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лҲХҲȻǽͨ켶۷񵶱˴˺
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ŷӺħѽնϣļ׼޵оͷ񽣱ȵûжѡ
лХ߶֮ȴȫչֳ·ֱɱȥ
أأأ
׼޵оͷͬʱ󵹷ɡ
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ħͣϦ櫼ͬʱ˼С
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ӺЦħ֮£лøˣ
ħħӰһǳеʱһС壬֮˵С壬Ϊ˿ûһǧ˵ʱ򣬹ʶ̫٣Ҳ޷챩忹⣬жԣﵽˣɺɨġ
Ŀ¾ħӰ档
˱ͨطѪתΪħӰͨ޵ļӳ֣ȫ׼޵оͷħӰȻսʱ򣬽뱾ںϣӶʹս׼޵оͷģͨķչʱܹóʮ׼޵оͷԲſֲֻǺ巢̫£ǰˣ룬Ȼǧ֮ٶȳ֡


2393  ɱ櫡
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ħƾµģ֪Ŀ£ΪԼ󣬾ǽΪħģӶԼġ
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˵޵оͷµһˡ
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һﵽױȵĵز
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лſϦ˫յŸ߿ħ͵նɱȥ
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ħ߿֮кȻײһ

ײƾը죬ķԲǧڵʧȥ
Ƿŵ׷׵ڣʹöűǰȫ񵶵
ͨ켶۷壬ͻƶһ֮䣬ʲôܹ⡣
ХȻ
䣡
ͬɽ
֮ϵħҲȻը

ĲҽдԶӺѪеħӰҲһѸٵɢټӺҽţȻͣȻһҲ˱ը
ħµĵط
ɹ
޻Ŀܡ
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ƣ
ۼл˿ֲҶߣȻΧʱ׼޵оͷΪ֮͵ĳֺɱ
أ
Ůִ߶ˮҲޣϾĺ֢ڣ͵ĳ֣һ±ˡ
лʱҲħ˳Ƴ֡
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񵶺ɨ
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ħħлǰնϣöϽֵǶϽ޷ֵһ¾ͱնϣҲǰӹ
һϡ
ħ쵱Ʋɨļ׼޵оͷ

λ׼޵оͷȻʢһ񵶵ĺɨû۶ϣȱڶûг֣ʾǷлȴѪ޲ˡ
лߵĻᣬ洢ɵķ֮
ݣ
ħս׼ģֹ׼޵оͷߣ־ľͷɱһһҲûˣɵ̫ƽˣвʥˡ
ͷļҾͷֳԶʤħ
ħվǽħʹ֮ǿսļҾͷҪѷɫһЩġ
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֮һ½ļ׼޵оͷͷ­ûˡ
ҲĲˡ
Ϧæ֣ȡħļ׼޵оͷĿռָԼǰѱɵ񽣡
ħˣǼҪߡĽ
л˲һƴӴܵŷӣתɱ櫡
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ҲѾħǿʼտռ䴫Ҫת뿪
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櫽ħһ˲䣬ֱķĩ
Щĩأڿ֮²ûлɢ櫵Ľ»۹ȥ
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һУǸոոֵļͳͳı顣
ܴƱٵ
ٶʩչħбȻѰһߣħո£лҲתһ㡣
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û뵽ҾȻɫƽ֪ѾûκλˣҲſˡ
Ҳû뵽֮·ɫˣҵУҸû뵽һöССɫ񵤾Ȼħµħʹıлĵû뵽һߵһɡ
ߵҫ𡣡
лһָ櫵ĵȡ䣬ɱ
˵뿪ˣǰȥ׷ɱŷӡ
ոƮɳȥȴһУȻը
һħȻ櫵ĺɫʹڱһըˣϦˮһ١
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лҡҡͷȻ٣ֱŷ׷ɱȥ
ֽŷһˡ
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лͬڱԼٶȡ
ϦҲǵİȫǵ۸˾ǲˡ
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䣬ǱɽǣлҲļʮ׵ľ롣
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ŷƴӴܣһס
л׷Уٶ۳ɷ֮ȻȥͬʱʮаҲȥ
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Ȼ˷ʱ䣬лͻ⵲ȫԸ˵ģ
ŷӶͷֱð亹ŵʱͻȻ֮䣬лռָڵԶʥʽʾҵĲžͿѵɽǣѿĵطһǿɲǼӵӳһӾͽԲǧڸˡ
лŷҲ⡣
лͷһ֪ˣӦþƹƿصΪǰսĵطѣԲŻӦй


2394  
ܹƹԿԶͨ;ŲʷˣռϷ磬֪νжôĿ¡
ֻϧƹ첢ûиӺû֪ʲôطȴǷŴսɽǱŷҲƻˣھʱŽϵĽʾͽ̼ͷų
лŷͬʱ侲ֹһС
˵ɫЩϲ
ͬлǷˣŷǿʱˣҲл
۾ĵطȻ֣Ծ˵ٶɢȥĵطһжֹˣ·ʱ侲ֹһлʱ壬ܹȷʱëǮĹϵûУΪ̫ǿͬ޵оͷԸһҪ֣ƣóͬľһһ¶еġ
ɴ˿ɼΪʲôƹܹԶͨ;Ųʷ˶òˣԭʵǿûˡ
лͷſ
ʮ׵ķΧڣһжֹˣѸٵɢУȻɢҲζŲϵɢУ١
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ʷ𵭵ĹΣȥĪ⡣
ƫƫȴûȥƣлƵǣӵõʿʼûʱоģһֱӰԶԽҲһ֪ʵ޴֡

ŷӿеµģлû취ɵ¶һĨЦ⣬ķ
лš
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ģǻһֻģɳƮлǰţһЩɼҲлע⵽ǽʵƺʲô
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Ϊ޷ͷųģֱֻӽӴܹá
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ҲˣõľĲ֣ۿֻģ֪ʲôֺãҲڽʱ΢ͳͳ͸뽣ڡ
ӣٶҲԽԽ죬лΧҲѸٵļУѾܹɻץסʣҸѸٵĴʹýٶȲϵ
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ͷ֣ʯƺǱΪǶģʵ򲢲Ǿ⴦ģְʯλõĽʱϣȻȻ߶һ
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лʯӽƮɳĴָʳָסʱܿʺá
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ʱ˿̵ŷţһܶ
лʯͬ޷ʯԶˣǰȥʯ߱Ľڵ߹ȥ
һŷӵɫԽԽҰףеľָӵԡ
ȻΪ׼޵оͷȴǸġ
Ҫ˵νͷܿƣֻܷ๾˵ʲôġ
лЦеǰ
ŷǰԼһ׵ĵطʯŷӲûκεĽãǽ
ŷӣҲû뵽˵ưɣĻᶼûСлЦǺǵ˵
ŷ˵ȴŲ͡
л΢ǰһʯ
ŷϵһӱ࣬Ȼܹܶ΢Ļһ壬˵ûˡ
ҪɱңԸ⹩ǲŷӼ
ţң־ӣлҡҡͷǵüǰ˼߸ϣֻϣɱᣬû뵽ʱգ䵽زǹ°㣬ȻųˣҴ⡣
ŷͨ졣
в¡
лֽĿռָժȻ£ߣشҼ⣬Ļҿһ
˵˵ŷӼæ
ıлʧ
ǷҾͷͷһĵı֣ΨʹŷӣΪ˻ǲҪˡ
ڶȡŷӼ䣬лûȤ˵ѶȺܴ󣬾ֻʣôһŷӶѣٵˣбҪȥ˷ʱ취ȡ
ҷۣؿڼƹʱйһ˿ϲ㽫פѡԶͨ沢ûѰ룬ԶͨӦúһЩϵɣӦöҲһ˽ǣ˵ɣ֪Ķ˵л˵
ŷӵ˵أڽǵֻΪ˱ʵ֮


2395  ˵еĴڣ
֮
л֮Ҳһ
ȷл
ȷԶͨҵģԶ֮ͨԲŪģ˷ǰҲоԼ˭ҵ֮͹˭Сŷ˵
֮˵ģΨһܹ׿Ĵˣһģ˵Ϧˮֻͼģ߼ģҲ֮ȵģһ֮ˮȫԱǱǿ
嵱۷Ľ
ݴţ嵱ޱǿʢ糼ûκһܹǿ⣬챩嶼Уֱأһ겻˼챩޼ġ
֮ǴѵԴͷ
ԽͷĵԷ׷ף׵µΪƶԸջ˰ʱ䣬˷Ѫ˲رճɹ֮
Ҳ֮ĳ֣ӼʢѸٵ˥壬Ҳ˥֮ǰ˽ʮ޵оͷ֪ʢʱǸʲôĿ̶ֲȡ
֮ͼ׽
ǳɹˣҲʧˡ
ֻ֮һ֮ףȴҲ̼֮ʧأϾʵ̫ˣʱָվǿᣬѽ֪
Ҳˣ彫һ֮
Դ֮Ϊ˵
֮δ֣㱻Ϊǳɢˣû뵽ôһ£֮ڡ
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֪ŷӺԥĵ
л۾Ҳ֪֪飬֪ĻҲڿʯֵʱ򣬲ûʲô֮ıˡ
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һνľ£ȫΪһ̵Լ׼ġ
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նɱŷӣлеļ¡
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лһ˿Īĵġ
ŷӴΣӽˣͷųʯ͸ȥҪӰʲô
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лһףʯϣһࡣ

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Ϊ޽ӽͻƵ񵶣֮ǿȻڻ£лҲȫУʹȻ貵Ľ⡣
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ظоͨصʯȡ֮Լ׳ģͬģҲȷʯľ۶Ѿ͸ȥĸӦ귢ǳ£ʯˡ
ôҪɱʯڣӲȫ֮ǰ
лն


2396  ֮
ž
ʯ
̶ȣ֧֣ʹҲﵽ̶ȵͷţ֮£ʯֱӾͱˡ
ѵʯǵҲʹĲҽУԵĳּļѸٵУʹ֮У£ն֮ϡ
ž꣡
㱻һ顣
Ҳһ˱㣬ɢޱȵ񵶿ǲʲôʵʵģֻҪɹǲκӰǿ
Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪˭Ȼָܹ֮ͨô˵кܴҪʱ䣬¶ȡлҪ˵˵ֱ̧һնɱȥ
û뵽Ȼ˵ĻᶼûС
кܹܶʱ䣬аյģֻҪڣл»ġ
֪лոձŷӲ㰵㣬ɲʱ򣬱˼Ұģο֪Ҳûʲô壬ʥʯͻ޵оͷָտɴûʱҪ˷ʱ䣬ȥԼ鷳
ȻҪ
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˻
״һͳ˻
ԻɫʣлľһԺ·һֲԼƵĸо֮ͶˣǸʩչ롣
лҧ͵ĳն
ᡣ
ӰǵֶĿǰ״̬ӵ޵û뵽ǰ֮ˣǼ͵˵زûаͣ͡
֪лʮӲּͲεԸ־ĥģǱ˻˼ܹ꣬ĥģĥµġ
ž꣡
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䣡
վԵֿȻ顣
ҲģǧŬΪУҡҽеĽȻֹ
նɱ֮лûĶȴе쳣ƣĿ³ˡ
ǧŬǱȻʱġ
ԶʥʵȻǸʱģǵõʱ񽣣ȴδ־Ȼִڡ
ʯķ飬֮ʧٶҲһЩҲһЩѣԶԣлжϣʮӣܹͨԼɵж
ڼȺ
лûţȫͷų
ĿҪصµɢ֮ĸԴ
ɢܵ˺ܴƣǸԴл̫ԶҲңǿܹ俴
㿴·ĵطһ޴ʯ
ʯķεģ˹ļķģûһ覴ã֮ǰʯʵһ
ӴʯŨ֮ɢͨǴѷɢŵ͸ȥɢٶȻǺܿģ֮ɢʯҲ𽥵ĸֳһЩɫĹΣӦþ֮ػŵŶԡ
лһȶ
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׾룬ܿ㵽ˡ
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лְʯ档
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ûȥɢ֮ǲ鿴صɫʲôԡ
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лĺҲҪֹͣˣû뵽ɫȻܹ۳ϹϵģֻǾĹš
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鿴ΧԾǶʮףҲû䣬κϸڶûһ˿һı仯лһ
ƺɫ۲ûзı仯

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Ҳûʯȥãոʧȥɫ֮ʯ㻯˷ĩƮɢ
ΣлҲȥˡ
ת鿴֮
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л鿴ܣ޷֣뿪
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лҲע⵽ĺɫоȻ֮һɫ㣬Ȼھâ֣ŻΪõ൱
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㰡Ҳ֪¸ֽǣôûˡлһ
ЦҲû֣ھâ澹ȻһЩ΢ˮԪء
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ˮԪǿǷǳƷˮԪ˵ܹʥʯģȻǰҪ㹻
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Ҫ٣ѵһͻƵġлЦ
ҡͷǣҵ˼ﲻ࣬Ҳ鿴ˮԪƺϷԶͨڵĵط˵ؼľ룬ҪǴȻܣΨһĽ;ǣпԶͨˮԪƹʲôҷֵģһԶͨпܴ൱ˮԪ
лҴǰԶͨأǾȥ
׼޵оͷ˵Զͨʲô
οҪ񵶽ףҪĻԶܹͨṩԴԱǰȥġ
̡
;УϦŷӽ𣿡
ţˡл
ǷųֵǣϦ
лͽ̼򵥵˵һ顣
Ϧü𣬡˵֮
ţӦòġл
Ϧƺǰػ֮µһЩпһ㶫ἰ֮˵ػƺǾ֮


2397  ɭ
֮ʲôлʵ
ǵһ˵İһۣҲδܸıʲô˭֪֮ػԲûõġ
Ϧǰػ֮˵Ļ֮ǵ֮֮ԿȻΪ֮ʧأʹǿʢʱ˥֪壬ǲһ񣬴ڻȡһ֮
ν֮ǾǾܹؼһ׵ۼγ׵ʸ񣬵Ȼγ׵ֻһ˵ǰˣǾ֮˵֮ΪʲôÿʱͻγɵĹؼڣо֮ԲŻ׵
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ЩԼĶ䡣
˵֮ؼһ׵л
ţԣһǳḶ́ȻĻҲҪ굮׵˵õܹ֮һΧڵ׵ۼǿԵģǶΧڵ׵Ǿͺ˵ˡϦ˵
ħԿ
лҲΪ
ͬϦ˵ĻôԺ֮ͨۼ׵ˣҲƱزġ
پĿǰ֮ػȻġ
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Ҫȥֻ̼Ҫǣۼָ⣬̼ȻͻᷢáϦЦѵĻ֮Ҳܵ˼ơ
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ǵҲǣػֻ֮꣬дʦܹ֮ˡлһ£Ҳȷˡ
ǰػ֮ɹʮսʵնƹԶʥ񽣽ء
Ҫ֪ƹǳͷ²֮񽣸ͨ켶񽣵еļƷȴնϣɾǸ̬
԰ɡߴٵ
лһЦ㿪ʼŵɫΪеѶȵģû뵽۵ɫ׾ͱȡתлָ⣬ʹʳָɫģٽͽȥָɫָ
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һǿϢʳָɢεϢѸٵɢȥ
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ܹӦôЧȻļܱǰԤ֪ѷӳġ
лҲȥӦޡ
ȴǺ޷֡
Ϣһɢͷ·𳹵ʧˣ֮УҲټ
ҲֻǼʱ䣬Ϳ˷ӿ׵ÿһϸСǾۼȴǷǳӴˡ
գۼ䣬ͿлָϷһһ״С򣬺ʵĵģǾѹġ
ǿҸоֵˮԵֿ̾
л׵ȻǸӵ
Ҳܵ׵Ŀֲ
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ⲢҪ׵ۼĻȫͨ޵оͷһġ
лЦ˵رȽ⣬ҪĿǿҪȥͨķΧԵȽƽĵطʱܿ

ͷϸָһлĶͷһսؼһս
׼פءлȻ
֮ΪܴܵӰ죬Ŀʥ֮ģʱؼһս
׼פأ־֪統У׵еĵط֮һ﷢Ӿ֮ĻȻǿˡ
жϣʱۼ׵ȫϣնɱ޵оͷġ
лɵôЦһѽŮ뻳УֱһλȵļǣϦ첱Ӵֵ͵͵ȫ⣬ŷġ
˾֮ķ֣лҲ˷ܲѡ
˱̸Զͨء
Ҫ˵ƹصĴսԶͨطֲҲǿģлѰңսһʱ䣬緽ѵû֪ͨȻ̫ܣԶͨʼûκεı֣˸еˡ
ȫǰﵹҲѲ˶ʱ䡣
Ǿͷлš
һСʱ֮Ǳ㵽Զͨء
֮ôʱ䣬ҲлҪ۲һ;еǷԶͨ˸ƹ֧Ԯģʲôû֣ƺ緽泹׵İ䣬Զͨ沢ûκεıʾ
֣˲ЩĻɡ
;н̸ҲûеԽԽԻ󣬼Ȼ罵٣ǿԿħ磬ȴ緽ܲʣôġ
Զͨأ۾һ߼ʵĴɭ֡
лƮֱ׸߿գԾǿ߼ʣڼԶĵطȻĲﵽ׵ĸ߶ȣڵлߡ
Ȼľ̫࣬Ϣǳء
Ũ̶лжϣûʲôطܹ򣬹ƽУز֮ҲܹѸٵĻָͨ˵ܹӳġ
ȻҲء
ֻԶԣлûжȤȵطĵشа
Զͨͨľռ鱨ˣϾʥȻҲӵģǵܿǵġϦ˵
лĵνԶܹ֣ͨҲδ
ӵ׼޵оͷľ磬ϸֶ񵶣ȷҪ޵оͷһһܣҪͬѡ
ϲħˡŷȭǰɱԶͨϳ
лϦһЦֱǰȥ
Ҳӵ£ʮ׵ķΧһжϸĲ鿴Щ޺Ļľ
Զͨڣµľǻľ
ûľʶǾԾпµɱֵֶθǲĪģһֹȷ˷ʤ
лǣŮƣػͷų
׼޵оͷͷųػ⣬Ψ޵оͷܹƣκξĸֶ޷ˡ
ˣ㲻Ҫ̫ˡ
Դ˺ȻûʲôоԾȤĹ۲ңϦΪжһл
Ǿһ·С
ûһֻǴӴĴɭΧĸо
ǹԱǰĴ׳ı
Ϣˡ
Ψһȱûһֻħ޴ڣǾĵġ


2398  ˮԪ
Ӵɭ֣ûһҲǷ紵ҶҡεɳɳǵС֮ˣ¶ûен
ԽȥҲߣ֦Ҷïա
ﶼǺġ
Ҳл˶Ǿͷ磬Ҳ̫ġ
һ·ǰлʼûκεķ֣ûпһܹвĻľ֣һʶĶûС
лҲǿΪơ
ôоܲԾ
ҲòǺԶͨǵǾӦ÷˲ŶԣΪεûжѵ壬ȥϦҲ¶һ˿ı顣
л˵壬ҪѶҲҵҪȥˡ
޵оͷǶɴںϣΪΡһȫʩչ޵оͷҲܹ׷ģĲ£ɵģҪףѰ
ҪɹðǱġ
Ǽӿǰ
Сħǲʲô뷨лЦ
ٺЦ㷢ˣ͸о뵱ھâҵˮԪżƣһɣⲻǺңԶĵطӦÿܴһЩˮԪģŰͻƣӦⲻ󡣡
лϦһ
㹻ˮԪͻƵĻôŮִ߶ˮǾ׼޵оͷҲҪɵġ
ӦǼӿٶȡл
ȻУǾȡȡ
ͷһָǰ
лŮϷٶȣ̾ͬһ֮ȥ˲Ϣǽʮ׵ľ롣
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ȴ֪лûзӳȫٶȣֻɶѣٶȣĹƣһգ۵Ĺһٶⲻ
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ǰĲ׷׵İεض˷ɢȥҵĹ
ԲǧڣԼʮ׸ߵĹǱܹ֮ԵĿһˮһڵζš
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ˮԪȷǺܶࡣ
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лһץһùڽǰ
֮ߣˣҲëȡġ
㽻Ϧо
ȷƣùѾʼʶˡϦ˵
Ȼ٣ĻҾ֪ƹΪʲôˮԪˣһԶͨҪͨ˰취ʶȻͨǿŹ֪̽ƹڲܣֻǲ֪ΪǹˣˮԪ
лЦʲôɣȻ˶ˮԪǾͿʼɣ
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лγսռ䣬ǿ޺֮ǵʼ鿴ܵ
ȻˮԪʶôǷʲôĵطأΪʲôĵطûء
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ΧҲǺܹ㣬ܹλñˣܹʱŮߣǵİȫ
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ֻǷ֮ǳңԶҲлоǳ񣬻񵶵һ˿궯ע⣬Ļ޷ȷǸз֮⴫˵ĸоͺڼʮ⣬һĴڣܹ񵶷âġ
ҪȥֵŮİȫֻܵȴ
Ͼ˼磬ɱʱֻӵħµѣܹսռŵӰ죬Զͨأѽ᲻һռǳˣһôһ˴ڣǾĺΣա
Ψеȴ
ܣΨһз֮⣬ҲֻŨϢţͬʱлҲоƺڿ̽
ֻֿ̽Ӧ͸ľģ޷ȷ˭͵ģʲôط͵ģָֻӦ͸뿪ˣ·أŮսռԱߣ
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Ȼûе飬ֻ׼ͨ켶ģʹ䵥ٶȷļӳͨ켶Ʒݡ
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лûзԣ£ӵȣȻǲܴҲ
лȴһͷ
ǾףϵؼȡѾﵽһǳǿȣҪ˵ͻƺѣǴﵽԽͨʥ׵ĵزǿԵģԶԣʥе㺮ˣʥѹš
ľǷ֮
ǷԽݻ٣ǿڵʥأ
߽ϵĻٿȷʥܹﵽһǳ˵ĵز
Ѿ͸ÿһˣҪȡĻ뽫֮
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Ƿֵðأ
лظëᣬŷִĸо̺ŵķ֮ᣬûйֻṩٶȣڵʥ磬̼ʥӳٶȣҲġ
ǲõĻлûκãֻˡ
ûˣľƣһƣܶһֵĿܻʤ
ˣҲ޷ӵٶȰˣõĻʥ֮ľͻкܴİԶԣʥ֮ǵһλġ
л¶˾ġ
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ȻҪ֪ҷֻһնѣᷢģҲ˲ôˡ
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Ȼ顣
ڼӳٶȷǿܹ൱׼ͨ켶ȻǷҲ൱˵ģȻͱݻˣǰãһ顣
Ҳڵķ֮
֮ѹ֮£۳һССţȥΪ鶯ģлͷųȻ߶ķ㶯ѹ֮ʾ֮͵ֻٶȷһ㣬涼ʥ硣
лһƽһľȻ󽫷֮һ°ʥϡ


2399  ֮Ѵ
ģ˵֮ϵĴʥ֮ϣȻ߱һų⡣
л֮С
߶ǷȴҲвͬͺ˫ֵ̥ҲǸвͬģǵıԴһµģǾǶΪ硣
лһӿ
ǿǷ֮ʥ֮ڣҲǶһ˵ںϡ
߱ǿн֮л߶ͨʥ翪ʼһʥ򣬶֮У˱ͨʥǿ֮ҲǺܰԵΪˡ
ܷɹؼʥ
лԼøɵ飬ɿơ
ȥ۲졣
ȻŷӵĿռָóĽƽеĶϡﻩͳͳĵ
һЩûõƷ֮Ķӵһߡ
ЩʹеƷҲˣɲǹԵģֵܰɣһԣһԣʡ
Ȼʹëлر
һʹë̺ŷǳŨģ˵˵ʥǳĴ⣬лһоޱȵ̹
Ӧʹʷĳһλ޵оͷµʹëŶԡ
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һëɾ֮ǰĲͬˣǹԣԵģ̺ŷḻ׵ле׵ܱʥ׶Ҳ֣ëȴܹ
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̺ŵ׵ǳĳ㣬Ӧ޵оͷģŵŷҲǴҰɣֻǿӵа֮ף׵繥Բûʹá
׵ۼۼ
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Ҫ˵֮ǿŵһݣΪĲͬӳҲǲͬģҲкܴӰġ
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ν񻰣ȻħģΪħЩ˲Ǿνƾ֮Ĵڰɡ
лȫ̼֮ĻͷӳԣǷǳ˵ģŮǰֻ֪΢һˡ
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ּһΨϢĵطҪ뷢Ӿ֮ǳ룬ǳСģûá
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䡫һݵľ׹̣̼ϷͳһֱһҵƹڵЧһѰʲô׵ģһжͨĵطڹƶҪǿʢĶࡣ
Ҳ˵ֻҪ뿪;֮ϣܹ޵оͷ˱ġ
лͷһϲǾ֮İڰɣһУٺ٣ŷӹȻṩһö
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ǵĽлһսõ˷Ѿʸ޵оͷһսˡ
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ĶҲһЩõģлʵڲʲô
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лЩûõĻٵ
鿴ܣȻĵģսռڵϦŮԾˮԪٶȵȷǿľˡ
پĿǰԪ˵ǳȥʥʯ֮⣬ѵˡ
ΨһȱǣԪγɱʥʯҲײ٣̣γʱǳһҲܹγһˣŮЩˮԪܹۣⶫֻڴ˵УһܹһΣǾǳˡ
лҲĿʼ
ЧȻܲԣҲš
ԼڰҹʱгأѾھâ·ҵһˮԪʱ˽֮ˮԪͻƣʽɫͨͷ硣
ʣµ֮ȫϦ
ֱʱϦųأǡͻƣǿȹɫͨͷˡ
ŮͬΪͨͷˮϣǼҲһ׼޵оͷˡ
ˣⳬɭڣҲ̫ļɵˡ
޵оͷ塣
޵оͷҲδܹԸǡ
ٴ̣лǰӦķ֮ķнٵķš
˳Ƿ֮⴫ĵط쭶ȥ
Խǿ񵶵ı仯ԽԣϦ񽣶Ӧˣ˵񽣻ֻ׼ͨ켶ģȻõĲͬˣһŷӵ񽣣һļ׼޵оͷ񽣣Ƕͨ켶ġ
ǿҵķӦŮڴ
Ҳʶܿл񵶽׵ˡ
һ񵶽񾳣ǽبһ޶ĵһûκαܹ֮ġ
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ǵٶޱȣɲǼǼʮ׵ľ룬лĸӦ񣬵ҲĻġ
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ǣǿķ֮⣬ȫıɽ׵ģҴ˵Զͨأѵ᲻֪𣿵Ȼܡ
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˵ٶȳ죬ûãǱ㵽ĿĵأϢ֮أطļʮлҪĳ嶯Ϣ֮أǼŨصķ֮⣬·Уʱܱһ
лץס񵶣ǿнʡ
ΪǰϢ֮⣬ǿ·ĸУͷĶС
Ůûʹ
ֵطʩչǵԼȥ鷳µ֪ж٣޷ͨеģʹսռУȻͨ鿴
ͿǰľʶĹл


2400  ı壡
УӵʶĹܺ
˼ҲǼʶĹѣӵʶĹ֪ж٣л۷Χڿģ֮֮ڣȻ󲿷ֶΪڳµġ
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ͷҲǳʾԶͨƵǿҪǼ˵ǿߣ񳬼ͷϵģͷĺɫͨͷ棬յѷɫ̫ˡ
߼·ߵġ
л֮£ͿЩϵش֮ͷųεķǳģľ֮ݵϵͽĵشĿռʵģлۿ̽ȥȻʾһкܷǷġ
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ļһǺˣҪĻҲر淢䵽ûҪ
˭أҪǲ֮ĻҲᱻ䵽ˣɺأôܹ꣬ƾǵ֮ȫϣɾ׼޵оͷˡ
ʲôϣһģ֮ϢԶʤˣôﵽͷȴҲǱ䵽ʱĻɣǲǾе֮Ŀľǡ
Сģ㲻Ҫˣʲô˵һпġ
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ҿǣѰ·
󳬼ͷĹţлһǷȷǸ壬ֻԶͨıǹҪġ
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ֻǳͷѣȻҿҪɱֻ˵һ㣬ԶͨǻϢ
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л֪ܵΣȻ
Ҳܷġ
Ŀǰ񵶽׾ܷġ
лŮսռڣĵȴȻ뿪սռ䣬ʼѯܴڵΣա
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ȻıǱȻնɱΪĿĵģȴҲһڣǾ˸е˼ˡ
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϶װ͸Һöģҵأҵۿ͸ľֻĵشѵΣ棿
һܣָ򣬾ȻҪȥģΧûΣգܱΣˡ
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ӵʶĹʩչǰκεã͸ֱܹ׵Ŀռ䣬ȫ޷ʩչҪ룬Ҳû壬һֻͨ۲鿴޷̽⵽ҪǶ֣ҲȻֵġ
˼ȥлҲûҵ취
ԶͨȻ´˼ԸңȻзǳƵģɵĴΧ͸۾ܹ֣Ҳ̫ˡ
ۣĿУսռҲ⣬ĿǰʵտռǿħҪʩչսռ䣬ҲԸƽģϾҵսռȽ⣬Σգؽսռ䣬֮ʥʯ뷢ãҲʮĹѣǾǴţѣ˭ܵȥ·
л뵽ɱȥ
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ս𣿡˷ܵص
ɱȥл˵ԵĻȡܹ񵶽׵Ʒ뿪ǲУػսռǵĹ
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ﵽͨͷ磬ˮ޵оͷȷû˭ܸ˵ܹɱǵġ
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л֮Ҳʮ׵ľ룬ĳ֣ȻһЩܹΣء
ڹǣȻûȫȥǡ
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ĵĺܣɱ˽Ҳ
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ҵȶһ׵ͷȥͬޱȵܼ֦ͳͳĺ顣
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2401  Σ
ͷȻǿʮ֮󳬼ͷ֦ҶҲնϲ֪ж٣ҲǸ˲صĴۡ
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2402  ΣգΣգ
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2403  Σգ
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2404  ľ߻񵶽
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ͷβѪ·𲻸һ㣬ʼûлоµģѪ㲻֪ʱ򣬾ͻģ޵оͷġ
ǵѪ䣬лȴҩָûֹͣ΢΢Ĳ฽ֵĸּɫĹӰһţҩָȫͣ
ţûȫ
лͷһ
ճ˵İҩָûӦˡ
ʱѾ鿴ȻЧҩָ׽Ѫ䣡
ѪǱ֮ģл
а˵Ѫ⣬ڣǰһ˵ڣͬһ฽ţ˵ǲĻԣȼ֮Ҫ֪ٱ޴Ӳ𣬶ҲΨ֮˷ܼġ˵
лһ
Ļ฽һľӦѪˣҪڹؼʱ̣Ĵ
˭ɵģ
ܹϢĸİ㣬л֪Ƿǳ׽֮ˣġ
ͷκ߸ɵģ
ƺ̫
Ҫ֪ȻһֱԼߣδ侾лĸо˵ԼΪ㣬ȣ֮ǰ˭뵽ܹʥ֮ĳǰɱ޵оͷأͷ綼ѣ£λ˼ȥиԼѪأȫϳ
ΨһĽ;ǣˡ
˭أ
л˰죬Ҳûͷ㽫ͷʱѹĵףûиŮѪҲûвҪ˽伤ȻĻҲû취⿪ġ
ǣл㲻ٶ룬óľʼ
ľṩϢͬĴŨ񣬶л˵ʥʯҲֻܹԼˡ
ȫͶС
лܱɢ͸ƢŮ״Ҳȥִ߶񵶼ս𾧣Ǵ˵дδдﵽ񾳡
ʱڲ֪йȥˡ
ľͽ𾧶ڲϵС֮УľСٶҪö࣬лڵİɫҲ𲽵š
ͬģŮִ߶֮£񵶵ĽٶͬѸͣǿ񵶱âԽԽԴоĲȥӵΪͨһֱ
ȫĸߴ׼޵оͷЦѪ䣬֪ģлܹ߳Ȼ֮ǰҲõǾл߳ƱΪ񵶽Ϊ񾳣ʱȫѪ佫лնɱȡ񵶣˵ĻֻҪľ㹻ˣ˷ѷأΪ֪𾧿ɽף񾳵ǡǡܹ޼ƵĴ˵
ԣ׼޵оͷڴ޼䱻ƽ⣡


2405  а齵٣
񵶵ĵһḶ́н֧֣񵶱;߱һҲǰ򵥵飬ɱǱĲɱ䣬仯ÿһҪǳĽ𾧾ſԡ
׼޵оͷޱȵڴš
ϦҲŬĴ߶𾧣ȫʱţ񵶷豹棬Ҳֳģﻤӣ񵶵𲽵͸뵶ڣʹõڽӰ໤ӡ
ԲлҲȫĵС
ʱһĹȥ
֮
лҲҪˣľѾޱȵϡ٣񵶵ĽڼɣȻŲСľ롣
׼޵оͷҲڵȴš
ʱͻȻһɳȵϢ汾ľĿǣȻӴĻ潵£Ȼ׼޵оͷע⣬ΧĲԷ˼ٶѸٵţɲǼ䷽ԲһڵлľͳͳĻΪҽҪ£¶֮߿֪
׼޵оͷ׿ʡ
ֻңԶϿգһųҵĻƸа֮㣬ȼţŨϢڵĵطĴ۶Ŀµ¶ȣʹԭʮ߰˶ȳ֮µĵط˲䱩˾ŰٶȣһԳٶţǻƽ֮£¶Ѿǧȵľ˵زһжڻ
𣡡
׼޵оͷ״Ȼŭ쳤Хһεͻһֱɱǻ֮С
ΪȻףܹ˿µԲߣҴ˻ҲͨĻ棬ʥ𣬻Ǽܸߵһࡣ
εŴһеֱײ
֮ǰǳҵĻҲһܼ𶯻һӱ㽫ˣһ۳һǹӸ߿ջһߣɱĦ˺죬͵ĳײ׼޵оͷ
һĻ׼޵оͷɫһӱ
˫һչһѳ׵ǹֱӶǳ̹Ļ泤ǹ̳ȥޱȣҪնһС
飡
ǹ춯صı졣
ǻ泤ǹڿбѿĻɢܡ
׼޵оͷХһǹһ߿ճȥ
¡¡
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Ϳа﷽ԲӴѸٵ£һӰҲ֣ǺȻһǵĻһ׹ճĻɫս£һŵ񽣣һͷɫĳ趯ǻУԵøĶĿһ˫˸Ĺâ͸ף߿ָȥĻľۼȥһ޴ػǹ
̼䣬ʧ۶һѹĻǹ
Ļ湹ɣ̫Ļ棬۶֮ȴͨ켶ҪȻʧɫġ
ŮǱˣǡа飡
ڵر񵺵ĻֱɫͨͷȻľŲʷڵأѰҵҪģȻһڶ̶һڣξͷͻƣ볬ͷľ硣
Ҫ֪аĳͷͨĳͷ֮ǾִɼʥϣɳɾͰ֮޵оͷµģϾ׵ġ
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ͬǹһ߿տ񱩳ɱ󶥼ͷǣڿлһֱֱߣŶԷͳײȥ
׼޵оͷҲаĿֲǹŵӵľңĿ£ͬǽԼһļ޸߶ȣ֮һİɫԣΪ׼޵оͷǿġ
ˣаԾûжõڶִɼʥ
ǹɱ
ݣ
ǹգ˺ѿ
ǹ˲ײ
䣡
ǹб˴ˣһ㺮âмɢǷԲǧڣĲΪ֮𣬸ĻϢ˷ɢȥ
꣡
аۼ޷ռϷ磬ʩչǿĶ֮һ
˶ǱƴڵģͨڻڲƳģʮ屶Ļս˲䱩ﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȣϾҵתĺХ޲ʾĿ¡
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ȫ׼޵оͷɫ䣬ȻжϳаľֻǳͷǶԳܶ౶ģʥǹĿ£Ȼѹסˡ
ܹڶ֮ǿģ׼޵оͷΨʥǷģл
а飬Զͨľ֮󣬾Ȼ֪׼޵оͷо˼ɵʶлƺԶûǰ򵥡
аȫ֮£׼޵оͷ޷ֿһ˲䣬ץסǹȵˣ򷢺ƵҪ⵲ʥǹڵĻҵıʮĻ׼޵оͷͷš
ۼаǿƣ׼޵оͷɫҲ
Ψƴһսˡ
ȻĻΨбɱˣҪߣǼ򵥣ǣõǲɣҲǱԶͨɱĿܣֻȫģοľҲǸһЩҲΪûеֿ
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︴գ
ʥɱ
׼޵оͷȣо޴ĳǻ΢һ٣ԸɫԲεģתĶơ
ܱĻľѸٵȻٶȸҸ֮ĻľеҶ֦ķɵ˺ѿռа۹ȥϢٵĻ׼޵оͷϣʹϵﵽһǳĸ߶ȣȻǹ
أ
а鱻ķ߿ա
׼޵оͷҲ֮أһе֦Ҷ쭳ȥҲٶȳɱȥҪапҰһ
߿յаվڰУɫȻĿ·
Ҳ鵽׼޵оͷĿ£һʱƣҪ׼޵оͷܣҲǰ׵ġ
ž
еʥǹһ󣬾ˣĻΧţҲһɼʥðγɳҵĻһΧѸ͵ǻۼȥ
ɼʥһˡ
ˣʥϣɰ֮Ȼڰ֮ͼģɾͼģվǰ֮ԶԶʥܱģǿµľˣڰ֮γɵһɲǼ䣬з֦Ҷͳͳı飬һĻžȼʧ׼޵оͷоΣա
ٵĸо׼޵оͷһʱ뵽˷ߡ
ɲӦаֱӽ֮˳ȥ
׼޵оͷеǶĻӵıΨȫޱǿһǹɱ
䣡
֮񱩺ǹ
Ϳνͨ켶ǹֱӱҷˣ渲Ż棬ȻѾش֮Ҳ׼޵оͷǰľ޴棬ûаֿͱݻˣ֮֮׼޵оͷϡ

׼޵оͷĲҽУƴĵֿ
ΰ̫֮ǿᣬĵֿûãа鷴ֽ콣һն
ڰ֮֮£׼޵оͷ޷ͱаһնɱ
аһӣջذ֮·ѣɼʥȻһץͽ׼޵оͷĿռָˡ
֮£׼޵оͷΪҽ
Ҳ޼ǰųƲƵ޼䣬Ҳֻǿһǰȥô˽ȥȻδܵ赲


2406  Χ
аĵȻлģѾ֪а黹δ׼޵оͷʱľѾлĸɾҲʹлɫ֮һİɫɱʮ֮ߵĵز˵Ͳʮֱ֮ɱ޵оͷˡ
ԾɱС
ɱٶԶûǰݡ
лҪսռʱаȻ˽ûܵ谭·ǺųƲƵ޼ԣǿһеޣްõġ
ΣлȻ˷ܲѣϴսռ߳
ŮԾִ߶񵶼ٵĽС
үа鿴лϲɫ
лҲǻϲ첻㾹ȻѾﵽ˳ͷľ磬ǴӾŲʷ˵פڸϹģҲھŲʷɵһͻưɡ
ˡаû˵Ųʷ˰ǰռʱżеʮʷµĻ澫꣬Ѿﵽ˱ͣڳΣδʹãͱռȻˣұĻڵԴһٿ볬ͷģɾʥҲͻƵıԵںϣɰ֮ҲûжѶȣĽС
ããлȻΪеˡ
аΪɱ׼޵оͷ˻ԣĴʥϣ˵ʥǷ棬׼޵оͷȻﵽһ壬ɿκˡ
ھͲ޵оͷ硣
һ߱ȫ淴Ҫɨ
үʵδվŲʷѼʮʷ˻澫ȫԳ׼޵оͷģҵõһϢòϹа˵
ţʲôϢлʵ
аү޼ԶͨƲߵĿҪү񵶵Ľףɾ񵶣ɴ޼䣬ȻɶȡˣΪԶͨȡʥ֮ĳ롣
Ƶĵͦġл
֮ǰԶͨѾʼǿϹŲʷ˷Ҳ൱ǿߣооŲʷĲָֻ֣طʣУ׼פ⣬еĵħѾдħʣ˼磬֮ĿҲ񵶣ƺԶͨҲߣ֪㱻޼ڣȫٸˣ׼פǰħѾԹһѹ磬Ѿƣ£ʥ֮ľͽ׼פΧа˵
лһ֣һսٵĸо
شսҪˡ
Ƿ޵оͷͷ褵ڶûҲ֪ǻѡ񣬵ͷκ棬ΪֹԾ׼פأʱʥ֮ĳƱػģټһĿǰƺû֪Զͨ
˱޵оͷˡ
һأ׼޵оͷȷѾһЩ޵оͷվǲһЩҪΪ
ʲô뷨л֪аտʼռµŮҲȻصõֶ翴һЩ˼άģʽ̳һЩǻ۷Ķ˵а黹Ǻܾġ
ˣȻħ磬磬з޵оͷǿ߶һսŸ޵оͷΪʥ֮Ͼ˵ʱþۼһ򾡣а˵
⣡лֵ
һ޵оͷʧȥ֧ߣôʥǿԶеֹ֮£Ҳܶ޵оͷвġ
а޼䣬ûκεãҿԽүȥȻүǰȥǰΧǡ
Ŷ޼İöû𣿡лʵ
ûУ޼İ壬ұȽ⣬ĸ̥ģ壬ʶЧа˵
ˣǼ߳ȥɡл
±ал˴޼߳ˡ
лͨû£ſսռ䣬Уˣ˵ҲֵᷢǵģԸʱص߳ȥȥ֮ҪΨлſԵġ
үҪȥҽǰŲʷפأŲʷڶնɱĻǶԣҲһµ׼޵оͷа˵Ȼȥ˼͵ħ׼פزҪעġ
ã㶼ˣҲʡȴҲ鷳лЦ
Ůִ߶񵶽ףԼ뿪սռ䡣
ոð棬л۱Եλó˴ĸ֣ϷкԪ׼޵оͷͳ˧Զͨвֻؽ߼һ൱Ŀֲ׼޵оͷ֮ࡣ
ħĵħ֣ħΪףͬĴ׼޵оͷ˷ħ緽ĸ޵ĺܣֻһңʵ͵Ķǰͷġ
ǶֻطΪ׵ԾŲʷ˷ǿߣлеǣֻطľȻһ׼޵оͷҴͨīΨһ˫۾Ѫɫģһ֪ӦǷƵʱʱĳһǿ˯Ƶġ
ֻطˣ겻лû뵽սթķ˾ȻҲﵽ˾ͷ磬ȻʯɫģӦøոտͷ粻ãٶҲ൱˵أյױȻõ൱עֻΪаǿҪĴˡ
׿ޱȡ
аܹͬȡġ
һ𵽴
緽ĳлʱפɱ¾ޱߣĿǰΪֹͷҵҲעѾ˳߶˵̨ϵ̨档
ЩʥǷ棬ȫˡ
ǽǲնɱ޵оͷô罫ûκܹʥǿˣԸЩˣлеյģΨ޵оͷѹأǱ˴֮໥ǣƵġ
ϧ뿪޼䲻ܱ¶ȻĻҳ֣ȫԽЩ˸ɵģҲʡȴ˺ܶ鷳лû£ڵǱС
ĿǾŲʷˣ
˵л˼ʱԵ˾ԶͨŲʷ˺ƹͷ
ƹһǾŲʷˡ
ͬʱлҲ֪ױŲʷѡж˭ҾŲʷ˼ȻҪᣬǾͱûзȡʥ֮ĵģĻضᣬϾ壬Ǿվ޷ͱȵģлﵽʥǿȵġ
лǱС
ҲĿ޼Χͳͳ£Ϸ˵Χ˼ʮ㡣
лЦȻˣǾͽǵ֮ء
ûãŲʷפء
פؾ棬ǻľǵɽͣǻ棬ܹһӱ涼л׺ţԵú࣬¶ҲǸĸߣͨ˸ܲס
лʱܹ֣ȻǻԵġ
а˵·ߣֱפصɽ


2407  ˣ
ɽפߵɽͣߴʮףв˻棬ÿһֻ涼Ͼģôһ˵Ǿ޵оͷǸַĻŲʷΪײٿɽĸֻںԾŲֻط˵ףܹɱ޵оͷģɽҲ統кպĽǱҪûԸðյġ
лɽǰʱϡܹɽǧķˣвͷķˡ
һ󿺷ܡ
˶˵ǾĲƷ
žҺ̬Ҳ൱ǿʮ֮ߵİɫ꣬Һ̬ӽʮ֮˵ģܹڵзǸɵǾŲʷ˵Ļȫﵽ޵оͷ߶ȵģ׼޵оͷ޵оͷ⣬ǿԵģٴﵽ޵оͷôƱٶʱĿ޵оͷɱġ
лһԼ侲
֪ȻǾŲʷ˵ϳǾ;ԲƱ濴ȥǰ򵥣ƱػһЩصõġ
ҪǻδȷŲʷǷѾϣĻһ¶ͨɽкܴΣա
лû¡
ɽڻܹǿõģǱ뻺нȻĻױֵġ
ǱУл۱ȫĿ
ʮ׵ķΧڣһжɼûʲôܹע⣬л㽫עһĴɽ¿ʼӹȥôҲҪ鿴ֵľһ£ܹԼپɱ䡣
һϣҲϵࡣ
ȵɽɽ۵ĵطлҲͳƳ˷˵
Űʮͷˣ
аͷжʮ˸ǴսʾһֱͷӦоеģ࣬Чȴ̫ԵģҲǽܹлĻǾŲʷˡ
ɽɽһŵĻţĹ۲лƣܹ̽һС
Ϳǹ棬ȻһЩ֮Ķ
Ⱦһ̨ÿһ̨涼ŸɫţһЩͼڣһͷͷʮʷ˵Ӱʮʷ˻֣ƺʱܸһ㣬ʮʷ棬ƺҲʲô֮棬ʹʮʷͼɢ·Ҫ߳
Ǽ̨ĶˣһŵӰ
ȻǾŲʷˣ
ڵľŲʷƸʤõһʮʷ˵Ѫʹÿʱÿ̶ȫٵţΪϵǿ𲽵ıƽ޵оͷҲҰ£ʼ޷ʥ֮ĵ׷
֮ھŲʷ˵Ľ£һ˺ˮڡ
л۹۲֮£ɵһǱŲʷѡ֮ˣʶģ˹
츳ߣѪӡ֮£ܹɱ䣬Իԣ֪٣ȻŲʷãõģ̣Ųʷ޷ģΨѡ˹ˡ
ֻǵԣ
лϸ鿴˹ԵģŲʷƺô⣬Ӧ׼ɡ
֮⣬лط
һλڼ̨󷽣һСһˣҲ֪õʲôӣȻл޷̽˵ĿֻǿһѣоǼ̨Һ󷽣ͬһˣ˾ͱлĺˡ
ֻ۾üļһֻŵģҽš
Ϣޣ·𲻸ڰ㣬лۿ̽Ĵڣȷǻŵģˡ
ָо̫ǿˡ
лˣٿܹ޷͸֮˵ӰһЩġ
Ԩɣ֪һǰĿľҪȴҶ˹ʱ򣬸һһ𣿡Ųʷվڼ̨棬˫Ŀ˸âϸǼʮʻ棬ȻǻֻͽǾŲ𣬵ҲֳʵȷڼٵӵС
͸лܹ϶Ųʷ˵֮Ѿ֮껯ΪɫģҲѷɫһˡ
ľŲʷˣл
ҪɱѶȲرɽȽ⡣
лоΣյܹЧڰµǿߣȷʵ
˶˵ͫһһͫʱҲǰμǿ壬˵׼޵оͷҲһǿȻʱǨԨֻѧûսͫɡ
㲻ǾͼŰɣ޷ҪҶʱ򣬳͵Ϯѣҿ㣬Ҿ͸ᣬұ֤ĺܲҡ
Ųʷ˵Ż
Ԩһ˿ӦûС
ͫ壿
л廹˵ģصǵƣִŷǳڴ̿ǶҪʵͫȻͫˣֻֻۣ
Ǹֻ۾ͫԨˣ˵ĿҪɱŲʷ˵ģһأ
ų磬Զͨ棬Ժܴ󣬱ϾԶͨҪƿ򣬽ħ翹⣬ϰɾǾŲʷˣҾŲʷ˻гɾ޵оͷȡʥ֮ĵĿܣԨԶͨµĿԺܴ󡣡
Ҳųħ£Ͼħ̫ˣһͫǿߣҲ˾⡣
ȻԨɱ˵ģôǸڵظôأ
ˣٿŲʷˣлԼеˡ
Ųʷ˲¶ʱ⵽͵ϮòΪ˵Ĵڰɡ
ǵ˼ˡ
Ԩ׼޵оͷ
ӵͫǿߣ˭˵ܹɱŲʷ˾Ȼ󵽣Լİȫˣò˻ɴ˵ݡ
룬лǾĵȴš
ֻҪȴˣʲôҪɡ
Ųʷ˾һԾûжɰ̾һ֪Ԩͫ壬̣ŷǳѾһ֮ãһҪҳ̫ˡ
ҲֻܽԼİȫǹ֮ˡ
ΪûʱȥҪڶʱ򣬼ʮʷ˵һѪΪ޵оͷ˷ʸȡʥ֮ģȲ
˻
һŲˬ˻ŲʷϵĻȻʮʹâɢȥʹرʮɫģ⻪ĿѤޱȡ
ˣ
Ǽ̨ڣʮʷͼҴӼ̨ڷſ˫ʮʻ⣬ܹԽоͷʮʷ˵Ӱ˴˼ϵγһŵĹ֣档
л۶ܵӰ졣
ҲԼԿѡ
˹ڵˮҲͼȫٵת˹ҲС
Ὺʼˡ


2408  ᣡ
ᣬķˣħޣĶ᲻ͬŲʷ˺ԶͨܵԶʥرչ˵ģǶʢҪĨɱɶᣬǿѨ磬ʵģֻǺҵ˸򵥵İ취ܹ˻һΪֲֶεġ
ΨжᣬΪ࣬ʸȡʥ֮ġ
Ųʷ˿Ưˮڵ˹ԼҲǳһ˿ԥ˹εĴþְ취ǿҲﵽ൱ɲĵزԶԣıȣԾһġ
ԾŲʷ֮⣬Ѿм֮ãͻȻתΪ࣬ҲҪһӦڵġ
Ȼȡʥ֮ĵϣСʹ˷
ᣡ
ŲʷϵĻȻǻ澫ҾģһĻǣˮڵ˹ϣʹ˹ϵ̼仯Ϊҽĳֳ
˹ҲСˣǾŲʷ˵ĸ죬ȥͬʮ꣬Ƥͭɫģȫĵš
Ψһͬǣ˹Ծ׵˸š
Ż͸׻ƺʼ
ǳֵĻˣ
ԨҪ˰ɣҵҪǸصǿߵ˭
лҲȫ߷ޣ鿴һС
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2409  ɱŲʷˡһ
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˵˶Хպ޼ɱףһƣǾУһ㹥ԣ˶ʹµġ


2410  ɱŲʷˡ
Ųʷûп˭Ҳûʱȥлٶ̫죬ҲûаģŹȾ߶ȼУͻȻܻ֮һиģֻܿһӲӵȭͷ˹оȭͷ̺ܹ֮Ŀֲĵʮ𹹳һ޴ػлȭͷǿĳײȥ
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谭һȭھŲʷ˵档

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˹۾׻ɢ¸־Ųʷ˵Ӱ
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䣡
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ӰѸٵķŴ
ʶĿĹܡ
лȻ㣿


2411  ɱŲʷˡ
̨ŵģܹɽܾŲʷ˿ƵĺȻʷˣ
л־ΣлָʷˣҲԶʥʵħ衣
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Ųʷ˾еԴ
ʷ˵ûԶʥʴֻؽ֮󣬾ͽõķԴһطΪָһЩ֮ȡԴҿУԶʥеһûʲôѶȡ
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лĵҪʧˣԶʥǰĩռƻַѾǰѾۼеۣںһм䣬ƽĩռƻӦûǿеİɡ
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ǰǰȥҲͳûκˡлЦҿɰ޵оͷˣ


2412  ˣ
ҪСʷˣа鼫ƣӵͩɽʹսѾ޷ó̬аϵĻ߶ջļޣȫ޵оͷɵģʷڣа飬ڵķ޵оͷһսлȫԲȥˡ
ҲûҪģΨһֵȶľǶΪɵԶͨǸǱڵв
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ڵٶȣ˲Ϣ佫׵Ǽʮӣ˱ľͷ
յͼʾػŵģǺѷֵģܾӵأ˵أԶԶľܹˣҿڱϷƺƵƯ֮ڣɢڸء
ΪߣȻлʶһλˡ
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ͬʱлҲˡ
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л̧ͷȥһ㶣㣿


2413  ޵оͷ
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ƶն
ؼһôأܷڴУ


2414  ǰ
лؼɱ̫룬׵Ĳκ赲ҲδԹΪֻԼӵǡǡųƿһеãһеν
ôԶǵΪԣרȻⷽǿһЩԱȻеġ
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󶷼ںҲ·ҵеϵ㣬ͨͨں
¶һĨЦݣΧֳһ޴ع֣䱣ǱڶҲȻɱ䡣


2415  ֮
ȥͨħǲûʲôŶǱػǾͷ˸Եı仯
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ǳԼ׵ڼٱУ忪ʼ죬â˸ţǻ˵̬΢γɶǵӣݷޱȣʮ׵ĳȣ˸ɭɭĺâ۾Ŀһ˫ܼ⣬ģͨ嶼Ǻɫëǰֱۣ֫еצ°仯˫ƣβʼձš
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˵Żְ֮ػ档

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ͬʱ֮ȴлٶǿöǴŭɴֹͣգһԽлĽǰȭлͷҹȥ


2416  ɫ
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а˷ܵĵҪˡ


2417  ֮
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аЦһѹʹȻúܶˣħ޵ǱõȫļԽޣǸԴʱõˣԴ֮أ֮ͩȵȣҪҵõĻҲǱģ㱻ɵЦҡͷҲΨһаȻɵ
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л˴һ䣬ֱС
˶Ϊкܳ·ҪߣǶĸоΪǶ֮ǰıôǱȻ֪ġ


2418  ػ֮
ͻأĶһˣĶſغͲûз֣ںȾƣǲˣлǽߣǵҲô׷ֵģû߾裬ʵǾ̫̫ˡ
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ΪܹħͶǶػأҶǻع֮󣬾ʼػȻħ


2419  褣
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룬ģӰۼ޵ĵطǻδ̤룬л۾ܵʱƺӦѸٵĺˡ
л̽սռ䣬Ҫȥ׷Ѱ
˱һĨӰȻͨռ䴫뿪ˡ
˭˭ΪܹҵۣһģΨ޵оͷҷ޵оͷ޷ӦۣΪܹӦ
޵оͷħǸģԣ˵ĻﺦҰҵȫӵģܹûҳ֡
ܹӦۣȷҵݣ˾Ȼѡߡ
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褣޵оͷεʵȻܹɵĴƶǵĿռֱӳɽڡ
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ҪԽǵĿռǰѣǷȴɵƽ⣬ɴҲԿɫɫ޵оͷ֮Ǿ޴ġ
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褿ʯǰڵλã¶ϲ֮ɫʯħµѹһϢѰٶ궼û޷ҵھȻƽˣ˭ɵģ
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鿴ʮ飬ûа㷢֣ŷġ
ĽҲл̾ѡ
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϶ȫ֮󣬷ʯʧĵط˫ַϥ棬ڵ֮Ҳʼ
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лͿĵػ澹ȻһǵӰǺȻǶʩչǰʱǡ
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ħ֮飿ţ褿ǣ̵ݣɽžһ㶣ԴȻˣӦǲǰǿӶߵİɣ˼ħ֮飬Ҳҽ棬οǲȱȫġ
лһЦ׶ǵΪʲôȥ֮ˣӦȡħ֮ɣħ֮ħڴģȴ˵Ǵģħ֮ӡİɡ
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ž
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һܼı
ħ֮ҽɢǵػͼҲֲɵת䣬ٶػʼתΪһ󷨡
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лסûκεĶ
ֻȻĿţ͵Ϯ褵ͷûУԷŷ褵Ľ֪͵Ϯ÷褸شɥģϾ̫ˣʵҲ̫ǿһЩ
ʱһĹȥ
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·˵صı仯ûоħ
ԼСʱ֮ǵػΪһ󷨡
褵ϸһĨ֮ɫŶЩ죬嶼΢ĲһĻлеɵˡ
ⷽ褿޵оͷʹزˣǰκεıɫȻЩơ
˱ַ̼лһҪ͵Ϯĳ嶯
ľܹһɱĻᣬɱ褣شпܵġ
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лϣ͵Ϯ
߶ȫ漤תıɱ

Ҫֵʱȴ
ĵشѿѷ졣
飬ƽޱȵ侲Σлֻܷ͵Ϯʱķ۷ʱ̣ĺܣ͵Ϯġ
ĵѷԽԽ󣬽أȥһţεģֵϷµѪ
ˣ
űһ󲨶ƽˮһˮһ
ҵĲȻâɢȥ·ɢˣһɰƴڼһӰ˳
ˣлг


2420  
֮߳лԼ۾֮ǰ֪һЩ飬Ȼȫߵˡ
Ϊ֮˺ȻҲǡ褣
ǰķ褼߳ķ褣ͻȻȹأڳˣ
ţҳˣħɷѿģӡ𣬻ʧˣʥ֮ĳǰҷ褻ǻˡ褱
ǰ֮ˣȻҲǿˡ
лǰ֪Ļǣ褱عǡʱ𣬳ȣشںϣԴ˿Ƿ褣û뵽ٵġ
ķ褱Ǳħġ
Ҳ˵ħͷ褱ͽôҲͽΪǵͼϱħΪղδʤˣӦܾˡ
ܶأ褱
ܷ褵ΪԻħΪӡıǿҺͿܶںˣںϵı𡣡
лզࡣ
֪鷽߿ֻ֪һǰ֪İ汾ųļϢΪľԻħ
ɵòȻʧһѾˣʱˡ褵˵
Ը
һ֣뿪˵ء
һûټ
սռڵлоʥ֮Ĳпԣ褱ǰνķ褾Ȼô䱾±ħͷκ涼˿ܻǿһء
ʥ֮ĵᣬ
һлŽսռ䣬ǹĺƿռŵĴڣۿ̽ȥûʲôֻһĿռѡ
Ҳ˵ǰһжڽ褱ġ
лҲûоҲ뿪ˡ
߳ȣл΢һԶɱȥŵǻڵħĻԶɱĿ
һ䣬뿪ħǡ
ճħǣ͸о褱ϢڣƺûԶȥлͣڿɲͷ档
һһȫɱġ
Ϣɢл߳
һģ۵ľͷȻҲһˣȻҲǸӦ褱Ϣǰġ
лҲδ⣬ϾϢεǿᣬǿǶ޵оͷģ˭ء
˷ӹȥ֮лȴ˵ӰޱȵϤ
ҪȥƺһĶۣ޷ֻܿһƬ
˵ʣлԾܹ۽ܣ
лееƲѣ۽һǹǰ˵ħⲻͬҲǾȺܽģѵҪǰȥȲɣо褵Ϣŷġ
˵ĻǾֵˡ
۽кĿġ
ΣлͦƵģ۽ܷȥһʣ۽ʲôġ
۽ܵĻΪޣδͷ磬ǰ˵أǱҪĻϳȻˣ۽ܵ츳ǱΪѰһ֮ĩ֮Լۣûй˵ȫģҲһֱġ
Щл˸뷨
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Ҫȫ淢ӣľ磬ı׷Ϸ޵оͷĸ֣ܹء
벻鷢ˡ
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˲ƣޱȡ
˵лġΡٶȵļޣô˲ƾǳԽ޵ĴڣԿµ޵оͷӵ˲ƵˣҲѵġ
л۽ŵǿҵɻ
ʥƺûɣ
еĻôҲǸӵУп޵оͷġ
лٱٶȣȫǰ
죬۽ܸ졣
˲ƣлܹ۲ķΧȻ׷֮£ʧӰ١
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л뵽ת·ħǡ
һ㣬һ»عڡ
ɽ
˵صϢȻ˱仯
ԭϢ褱֮߳һְ֮·ܹһжеĸо͸һɵıζ
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ǰҲԹʲôûлʶΪ̫ˣܹﵽ޵оͷܹ֡
٣ԣ褱û֣Ҫ˵ˡ
Ȼˣѵǰ﷢ҵ۽𣿡лԴ˲ȷϾǸܹӦۣߵģ۽δӦۣȻҲпǹװûӦģȻΪ˲뿪أһֿܣ޷ųġ
л˼ȥҲҲͷ
Ҫҵ𰸣ûع׼פرȽϺá
ţһɿ񱩵ϢȻӼԶݳϢոлӦлûüۿ̽߶ؽսռڣѾɽˡ
л̧ͷһ˵һ¡
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лҷŬұ޵оͷлҲһ㶣Ȼ˵أҲΪ⣬Ϊлл̷֮˹
һ磬ϯ͵ĳײȥ
лҪѾΨг֡
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ͷȭͷײһ
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Ҫ˵޵оͷȷҲŵȣħͷκ棬褺Զͨǿģ޵оͷһ򲻹ĻĴͷûԿˡ
䣡
貵Ĺâ籩Ű˷һ¾ͽȸݻˡ
ͬʱһӰҽţ󵹷ȥ

У޵оͷͬҵĶٶɱȥ
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˽棬ле㱻͵Ϯζӵ󣬽ͱ޵оͷһˡ
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лȡһ߻ᣬ̽ٶȱ
ھŲʷʱٶҪȷ޵оͷڲһˣɱΪɫģٶٶȵõȻԺͷ޵оͷƴһˡ
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𶯣˲佫ס
ұƴٶȣЦٶȷ棬ħκβҡ޵оͷͬʩչٶȣ׷ɱ
Ҳȷǿ죬˲ͬ׵ľ롣
˵ľʼձڶʮ׵ӡ
л΢΢һЦ뵽˶Բߡ
Ǿǽ޵оͷԶɱڡ


2421  
Զɱл˵Ƿصģܹʩչɱľ޵оͷͬܵвġ
оԶɱħϳѾ뿪ħ磬ħֽѵﲻһػЩǿ޵оͷȻҪֵġ
ýħֵնɱ޵оͷ
뷨
أҶҪɱ㡣޵оͷŭ
ҲδءлЦ
Ȼ𶯣ٶȻӿ죬ͬʱ渽ŵʥ׺ʥٶȾۼɷ֮
磬ףǶǳԽʥʥ׵ģֻǻûе֮磬֮׵ĵزļĻ޵оͷȻǾµġ
˴лҪ¡
ݣ
֮ںϣɷ֮˺ѿռ䣬һ±ķ޵оͷɱȥ
޵оͷڷ緽ųѰԣһʱ͸оǷ֮Ŀ£ܹɱģѸó񽣣Ƿ֮ɱȥ
䣡
֮顣
޵оͷҲĲӵ񽣣Ҳ֮һаҲϳһѷ񽣣

һεײ
޵оͷ˫ֻѿ϶Ѫ˸ǱȵˣɫЩ죬ǼҪѪļȻĹ÷޵оͷֲ֮£һЩˣһԾûлᴭ
ǰлȻ˻
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ſڣأһжҪݻٵġ
أ
ǿ޵оͷ񽣸ķȥǿನҲϣ˺飬ͷģϸܵС˿ڣҲҽ󵹷ȥʮ
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ͷͬǸ°㣬գۼħ磬ӵʱ䣬ԶɱȻԿ
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ԶɱǿǱŨ֪ٱл̲סϲд÷޵оͷ޴˵صġ
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лǶʵӿлһ㶣漴ϲһȭл˹ȥ
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ˣҵȷɱôһ񣬲Ĵ֮ˣƺҲһСɫѣľܸߡл
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ʵӴЦûħʹƻڣдṩңҵԴﵽ񴿰ɫľͷ磬޵оͷֻһ֮Ҳˣ꣬Ϊʦ𣬸ܹ޵оͷ硣
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û˵ɣҾʶʶʵЦ궸Ȼ˫ֽ任ƣ޵жɱ
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лʵɱסˡ
Ȼһ㡣
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Ҳ˵ΪԽеĶں
ǾлɲǷ

лЦˣˣɲǷһһ˲貣ΪͷţǡǡҲǳ񾳵ĸôΪҪʥ֮ģҲδزܳɾ񾳣
ԽԽ˷ܡ
ɲǷǲ˳ɾ񾳵İ
ͨʥ֮ĳɾ񾳡
һǾǡ꣡
ЦʲôʵӴȵסɱҡЦ죡
лŶʵӣЦʦսʣһңɼ۷壬Ҳգұȫʦͽˡ
ȭ˹ȥ
䣡
ֱӱһȭˡ
ЦǱ岻ܿƵƮˣǾ֮ɫŵĿлǱˣؼȻƽˡ
ôܣⲻܣҵɱܱƽģħĶܹɵĴ͸ȥΪ赲Ц쾪е
Ҳ޷ҵܳΪǶ裬ҵ֪ʲô񾳲ܾ߱ħҲΨдﵽ񾳣ſܾģþƾֶΣܹҵ𣿡лĵ
Цɫ
л˵вЦ죬㣬Цй


2422  
ɱʱģȻˣҲˡЦߵЦҲҡ
ҲĴ֮ˣл
ûȽ϶񴫳иҵģԸжԸЦ
лĿޱ䣬Ȼˣȥɣ
лӰģɾΪ׳˻ʺʥʶҪվоǣ뵽Ծؾ뵽
ҪΪܹƽҵֶΣɱңֶζĺܡЦЦ
лﻹȤϻһΣȰЦǰǺޱٶȡ
ٶ֮£Цʾࡣ
ûü赲ͶͿһ޴ȭͷ˹
΢һ˿֮󣬲Цͬȭ⵲
أ
лȫ֮£ȻûжΪ൱֮£չֳһȭ㽫ЦȭͷѪŽͷӶ¶ˣұһ飬Ҳƺߺˡ
лǸ°׷ɱᣬڶȭ֮
أ
ЦǱĽȭ
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ҶɲǷҾ͸һʹɡлȭٶȴ̺˶
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䣡
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ǰܵһεĿɱϮʮʥѩӥ˵ģʮʥѩӥ޷вģϾÿһɫľͷлǰ̬ġ

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ħһȭ޵оͷ˹ȥͬʱһץɿֲ֮ȻҪл
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޵оͷԱħ綼ܱݻٵġ
ħ״ɫ΢䣬һƺҪѡ뿪ħ磬һ类
жɱı
һϤӰֳ
ǺȻǷ褡
Ҳ֪Ǳ𣬻ǿסħȥ·

ħЩŭˣȭػ
жȴ֣Ƿ褾ȻҲ޵оͷһȻҲԱǿˡ
һ߿ȡħ

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޵оͷԱħݻٵġ
ֱµлҲɫ䣬æʩչսռ䣬ħϵûиֱսռ䣬ǵħ𣬶Ҳûа𺦵ġ
л۸ոҪ͸սռȥ鿴Ϳ޵оͷͷ褿ͬʱըħͷų壬ȻҲǿͷǣ״ƶħĴڣӦħڴˡ
߿ͬıըǲǻԵģͷųһ½޵оͷͷ褿Աˣγһӣз⵲
Աֲ̫Ƿ⵲Ǳһ³飬㱻൱ֲԾһ½ħĴӵħȥˣҴħǶëëȻлڻڵõǸëһԱʼӣл۶㱻ˡ
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лҲ֪ŵ˻ڵħĻĿԷǳ֮ģҲȥѰˣﰲ
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ں񼼡ɲǷ
лһֱĸڶ֮ϣȥ򶷼򶷼ȴûģֻʹˣĶ
˲һеĸ
˵ĸ꣡
ôԴӦ˵꣬ɲǷУɲǷѰһ˲ޱܹԽһжν೤ǡǡǴ꿪ʼģɱΪģ߽ϣһһɲǼ㣬ƲǡǡĶ塣
ͷԺзӹȥ
գת޼Σ֮Ĵ󶷼·лԺпʼתĸлϵţмֵĺȻл꣬ꡣ
Ǹ
Ϊĸл߹ȥ˴ںϡ


2423  ޵оͷ
ǧ굯ָϸŽӢۣ꽭ʲαأֻΪɲǷ
֮սµµΪ׷һ˲أӢۣ޲ѡߡ
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ʮĲʮյĿо
֮·ĵһֶյ޵жÿһֶȥµȥ
һѰںϵ㣬һ
еĶһ塣
ǾɲǷ

͸л۾
ϸֵЦ⣬ԴӵõɲǷѾʮˣڵõ򣬴ҵɲǷ
񵶽׳ɹΪ񾳣ɲǷܷնɱħ
㲻Улᣬ֮ʥʯʱ䵽ˡ
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һʥʯõʱлûȥһУ֮ʥʯƨ棬棬㿪ʼ
Сʱ֮֮ʥʯͷųŨ֮Ԫ
лϴ̼֮ҲתϵĴ֮ԪҲȫת
ÿһ룬ÿһӣԾ˵ٶš
Сʱ֮󣬴ɫлһ
ԾǴɫġ
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Ծǰɫġ
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ξ⡣аһĨ⣬ոõʷ˽ͩ
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ãǿ϶ıСġŸո˵꣬ʹħĿЦ
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Ļһ䣬ͿͷϢȻı
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аһʱóͩĻӶɵʥҲںϽȥγɵͩĻ綼ǰ֮ףĺɱȥ
ħػħ
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顭
䡭
湥ŮԦˮδܽħػ顣
ľͷϢӵıң֮Իδ뿪Ϊħ˻δ뿪Աܹͬɱǵġ
ħµĿռ󷨷תɣЦҪ׷˼ˣħػħڣЩе޵оͷµɵģ޵оͷİ֮׺ˮ򷢻ӳ޷ƵġЦޱȵǰʥǷԼӪЩ֮˵İԵøĴ̶λټ
ӻ֣ռɡ
ǾͷҲﵽ˶㣬ֻħȥԱ


2424  ֱԶͨ
ϦаŮٵĺˣ޷ħػڽǰҲûõģѸٵغˡ
Ůͬʱ߶
Ϧˮһ
аͩʷִ߶ػһ֣ܱһ
ȻԼѱ֤ܹġ
յȻ£ξ̫ͣ޷ӳġ
ħҲʼ͡
ͷܿʼԱ
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һ˲䡣

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ո𣬵Ȼ
һ
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ҪԱľͷһѪۣ·һͷڵٵ˥ȥ
ħ˽µĿռ䴫Ҳһѿ
а飬˵ػδܵĸš
˾֮Уһ˸ڰС
Ȼл
񵶳ΪƷɡлĵһץס񵶣Ҳûн񵶰γʣֱӴӸ߿нһ̤ͷܡ

ͷܿڴħ£ɱȥȭݺݵлĽŵҹȥ
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ħͬա
ϢȽ΢ûǰǿᣬȥ޵оͷԱȻδɱȴҲ˺صˡ
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ͬģл۽ܣԼ֮ǰɷħΪħɱÿռ󷨴뿪ĸлĸлǬĸΪͷİı裬ȵȡ
۽ܡл۽ܡ
۽ܻûڣ֮ϵȻ𶯳˵
ؼһƬ
ʵκ棬褣֪Ǿڸһ⣬Ҫȡʥ֮ģɾΨһ񾳣Ǹʥ֮һȥ


2425  ĩռƻ
ʵ£֮۴
κȻ֪ĩռƻһǰԸ
Ҳ֪ĩռƻǰܷԸ
˵޵оͷʣ˭֪ǾǸ߿գӦĳһطͨط߿Ȼͷųġ
ʵͷáܣ˵ĩռƻ屨ħµģ˼ƻʱѾͣѪڣʶδһһ̶ȣĩռƻз޵оͷŲʷ˽֮׹ǼĩռƻִжѣĩռƻĹؼ
ҲΪľٶĩռƻǰһУҲ֮󣬶λ˵õʥ֮ģҪ񾳣ˡֱԣҶף꣬꣬ɾ񾳵ģһĩռƻе飬˼磬ħ磬磬ż׵
ħͻȻڵǰĩռƻʲô
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ȥ۽΢΢һЦۼ˶ϡҲûʲôǱ֮ˣȥˣǿһµµΪҲܹӸλʥǴȥܹչǣһӡ
лҪ˵ЩʲôȴԼ˵
۽Цڵħħǵʱ㣬ú̸һµģǰУûʱ㽻ˣսΪʶ۽һҡŤͷʣǰʼɣ


2426  ʥ֮ĳ
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ǰұɥԶʥǿ㣬Ըһĩռƻ֮Σգӣ
˵֮Ӵ֮ȻСһ
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۽˫ֱ任ӡȻ飬ֻһꡣ
ս飬ҲǳԽսʾ֮ؼΨһս顣
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ˡ

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2427  ħݣ
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2428  ֣
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ͬʱжȻԻһУ϶κ棬ûд֮أҲĿĵģΪҪһԶͨ˵֮Ĳ࣬ѡ㣬ҼܹʤģɲǴʦǰҲﲻġ
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