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죬ϷѪħȸ½ҶһδѪõǻ˿Ѫ֮ܣΪѪ֮Ӵ֮󣬴Ѫͽ̤һ֮·


1 غ
ҹĻʹȸ½ҶϷһɽȣ˼˿ڹȿ֮һյ֮ϣվһꡣ
Ƿɫ촽һֱߣͬһһվıֱĿбӵĶŵԼ¹ͶӰӡ
ͻȻһĳХ𣬽һɫӰͬȰĳǰ
Ǹ꺺ӣͿ࣬ɫТֳһɥѪɫͷһ߸ߵֽñдĸʺĴ֡Ҳˣ˸е˼ļ֮ϾȻһ߰ľײģ
꺺Ŀ˸еĹ棬꣬ɭɭĵҶҵˣ
˫ѾӵƵ˶ԷŵǾ߹ײ֮ϣ΢΢һ˫ֽճȭҶ
꺺Цŵͷʮ꣬ȴѾеӡǰ;أ
ҶӻͳһƴС򣺡Ҹأ
꺺Ȼйײصһţ䡱һһˣײĵĸҲӦ
ײ֮һòǣ˫۽յˣҶĸףҶƷɣ
Ҷɫ䣬ǰҪȥײнԼĸ׸
Ȼǰһ꺺ȴǵǰһ̯
Ҷ˳һ˫Ŀ֮г֮ɫĵŶԷҿҵ
꣡꺺ӺЦһʬʲôÿģʬߣ
һ仰ͬһݺݵҶϣɫ˲ò԰ޱȣָԼĸףңҵˣ
ֻ˵Ҷ֮ڴ϶ǰˣû˵˻ǻˣ޵Ȼ޷ˣ
Źײ֮иӣȷû˿ϢҶ䡣
꺺ӲͷĵҪ޻ؼҿȥϽѶȻĻҲˣ
Ҷһ˿֮ɫ
㣡
һ̧֣ǿ֮ͬ꺺ӼȥͬʱԼҲȻ߸߾ȭ֮ϳһתİɫţȻ꺺ӡ

꺺¶м֮ɫδֺһɼˣϯǿǳ۾һ㣬ֱС
飡
ڿеҶ˻Уû˿֮һʯͷһ󵹷ɳȥ͡һˤʮ׵Ŀ⣬һѪ£㲻ʡˡ
ӡҲҶ֣
꺺ҡҡͷеǿͻȻ֮䣬ɫȻ䣬Ϊ֮оȻտҲûԼҪĶ
ƭң
£꺺ӵֱ֮ͻأĳһֵ۶ɵİɫֱ̧һԵĹײȥ
Ȼʱԭ޷֮УͻȻӿ߿裬һҵ֮
ͻȻ仯࣬꺺΢΢һͣ˿Уɻ̧ͷ죬ʱԶҲһХ
Х꺺ƺһƸΪУײٴеԼļϣתҪߡ
۹ƳϻԲѵҶ꺺ӵϺȻ¶һ˿ЦСС;ӡ츳ߣպ϶ǸɱҲ̫ˣǾһĵӴֻ֮һˣ
һ㣬һ׹꺺ӵмֱҶС֮ϡ
֮еҶзһƺߣҵʹ˹һе꺺ȴٹעҶӰ±ٿȻʧ
ͬʱ֮оȻһźɫĹâԼٶ·ĿȻǵŵҶ
Ҷ۾ûüԼ״ͿԼԽԽŹâ֮УԼһϸȥһźɫˮΣǺɫѪһޣ
ۡһźֱҶüģûȥҶҲܵı۾
âĽ룬Ҷʶһ̺Ȼը˿һε˻ԣ
ҶܹԼڲĻͻᷢѪ޵ĺɫˮڳԼü֮󣬱㻯СһŹ㣬˲ʧ֮С
ֵǣԭӿ꽫գʱҲĻָ
һʱ֮Ҷڶ˶ٴλ˫ۣһɾҵʹҲ˲ϯȫ
˸ղŵŹâҶ¶ɻ֮ɫţɻͱ֮ɫȡ
ԼĵﾹȻѾȫķʮʱӡΪУû˵ҲζţӴ֮ԼҲ޷ӡֻһˡ
֣ҶĶڵѪ


2 Ѫս
ҶңҶһң֮ǰͻȻһΪ޵ħɣȻ˳ҹ֮ʱץҶƷɣ¿ѶҶ֮֮ڴҶҵĴ֮ƾǰˡ
ȻҶƷΪҶҼҶԪĶӣǶҶ˵ƾļֵΪ󣬶ҶȻҶĴ壬Լ֮Ǹܺ޵ħ֮࿹ģҶԪ취ȥӪԼĶӡ
ȻҶȴˣ
Ҷ꿪ʼʮʱ䣬гӡ˵Ҷҳʮţ˺
ڵ֪үүȻԸһȥȡԼ׵ľ֮ҶȻ뿪͵͵ǰԼҪȳԼĸףȻû뵽ڲûоȳףԼҲ˷
ӻлعҶһͷɱܿͽͷϳӣδԼôô׵ȥ
ǣҧӵ˫֮ȼܵŭ˫ȭһĵһ죬Ҷ취ɱǣ̤ƽ޵
ȻԼⱲûʲôϣټˣҶᣬȴŲٳ˶ûеļͺ
˵仰֮ҶһѪѾûκΪʵ޷ֿܵˣҡƬ֮ٴԵڵأһε˻ԡ
ȵҶٴѹʱ򣬺ȻԼȻصҶң˵Ŀ֪ˣԭڶλ֮ûãүүҶԪҵԼ
ҶԪҶ״̬֮󣬲ҲȥҲ˲ȥԼĶӣæҶϻҶңϾҶҶδϣ
Ҷλҽƺ;չˣȻҶѾȬĵȴ˶޲ߣﲻ޸ĻôҶӴֻ֮һˣ
ӣҶҶ֣Ҷŵ䣬Ҷ˵Ǹ۲۵Ĵ˾ĵľ޵ûеõƾ϶ưոݣôҶҴӴ֮󶼽޵ǿֲӰ֮¡
ҶˣȴȻ۾ڴϡ
ܵˣѾȬˣЩҽǿҩĹͣǿźɫˮΡ
ȻղûۿŽԼڵĹâĶ򣬲Ҷȴܹڱ˿£Ŀ֮һźɫĹһɫĹâԼֱ䵽ڣһűŴʮˮε״ĵ
ˮΣΪɢĶĿĺɫѪΣ
ʱŹâ۶ɵˮ֮ϾȻһֱ֣ӴҶԺ֮С
⾹ȻһƪеĹѪս
Ϊ֮еĵһڵӡ
̱Ϊӡ
ӡʮأһ˵ÿ˼ӡҪػϣǾҪ˵츳Ŭˡ
ӡһֽߣ
ΪӵӡͿ֣һȭһţʯһλˣ
֮ÿһأǼΪѵ飬ܹʮԲ֮Ļܽӡɱ䣬볾֮
ѶȾ͸ˣ˵һٸʮӡĸУֻһܹӡɱ䡣
ҶҼҶԪĿǰеʮӡڷԲ֮֮һˣ볾֮ȴ붼飡
Ҷʮӡȸ½˵㲻϶ţҲ츳ˣ˵ƪѪսĹʱ˶ˣ
Ѩ֮
ƪͷ֡
Ѩ֮ѨΪΪսΪѨսս
֮壬߰ٶʮѨλܴͨÿһѨλѨѨͨ֫ٺ۶ڱǣ
ΪҶδϣҶСҲӴ˲ٵйеĹҪԵΪƪѪսȴȫͬ׵ĵ߸Ѿٹ̵й
Ҫȥڵ֮УҪɢλΪԭʹڣǴʼնڱ״̬ѨλÿͨһѨλΪɴ
Ѩλȫ֮ͨ󣬻Ѩƿ֮
֮⣬׹ǿ壬ǧܰͨѨλѨλĳܼͨλǱศɣӶﵽԲЧ
Ҷ˷ޱȣԭﱻ٣ΪԼӴ֮󽫱һˣȻû뵽ͻȻԼڵĺɫˮȴԼø
ʱ׿Լ˼Ҷ̾ͿʼȫµĹܹԼʲôı仯


3 ޱѪ
ڲϵתҶѪεĹâҲҹâֵķΧҲԽԽֱ嶼
ڣҶڲȻһž޴ѪΣϴٻ㣬
Ѫ֮ͬһͷųȥĺɫâҶÿһλĵҲۿɼٶš
ģҶǰһƬɫѪޱ޼ʣ
Ѫ֮УĿӰڱţֻһƴӶԼ˫֣ƺҪѪ֮ȥѪ֮з·סǵ塣
ȻʱһѪɫĽĴѪ֮д˳ȻٶȺȴԼ͵һͻơ
⣬ֱȫѪĺ棬˿У
ţһ֧޳ֱͻȻѪ֮̽ס˱Ľ
ֱ۵ĳֱ֣۵ˣһ˶ѪɫӰҲڴѪ֮վ
ʱԭƽѪͻȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѫ죬Ѫ裬ȷ𣬶һжǸԾѪѪɫӰ
ѪɫӰ־ٱ˫̤ں֮ϣͬһɽһΡȻ
ȻѪɫӰ֮ϣһ۸ӣݺύĽɫͷף֮ϣÿһͻһССĹ㣬ȻĸѨλ
һҶȻ۾еľȻҲ֮ʧ
ЩȻԴƪѪսҶѵԭȴȻСʱһ¡
ഫ־أط־ģھ֮£һޱѪֻޱ޼ʵѪ󣬹Ѻ׼֮ˡ
һѪԶһ죬ȴ˸ˡ
һѪӳѪһ·´ϣ̾ģɨأսϵ֮
ҶĭѵԼõѪΣλڴ˵еǸϵ
ѨλзʽǲǸĹ
ʵˣԼܲҲһɾѨ֮Ҳ̾ģɨأ
ҡҡͷҶе㲻ˣǡʱſҲҶԪѯ˵𣿡
үһ֮ǰС˸ոտүûѣСٽȥ
ˣôصˣӦöʱҲѲŵ㣬ʱעⶫ֪ͨңҪǶʲôҿĲ㣡
֪ˣү
˵ʵڶԼүүҶе㲻֪ʲô̬ȥԡ
Ȼڴ֮ǰҶԪҶǺмӣΪҶԪҶƷɵľٶȴҶв˲
ҶҲ֪үүҲ֮٣Ϊʶ޵֮˵ղ֮ţүүͬšƾȥҲԼ׵ŪãүүҲȥ
뵽Ѿ޵֮˵УҶոе˷ܵٴαó˫Ҳڲ֪սָǶС
ģһ޵ģ
ӵˡѪսڱҶ˸ġ
ʱƿλ˽һ۾ͿҶ˫ԲĿ¶޵ӣɵһү˰
ҶԼķŭɿ˫֣˵ͷˣ
̫ˣүүոأȥ֪ͨү
ţҶסˣӴԼȥүү
ܶүүʲôԼҲԶЩ黹ĺã
Ҷܾ˵ĲڵȻûлָΪѾûˡ
ҶԪķ֮⣬ûҶߵţѾҶԪ׵ŴŻȻ򿪡
ôԼˣ⺢ӣƻûãô´ˣȥүүš
ĸߴ󣬵ѾеϵүүүүĵĹģҶвҲһᣬҡҡͷүүûˡ
ҶԪɻĶҶһͷƹȻѾȬˣû¾ͺãңģүүһ취޸ĵ
ΪҶĵ֮Ѫ֣ҶԪͿڵʵ
仰Ҷһů˭֪޸ȻûпܣǼпܣҲҪѼΪĴۣۿ»Ҷҵ
Ҷ׼ھ͸үүԼֱӻ˸⣬ص㣺үүҵˣ
仰ҶԪǸߴ΢΢һ𣬳ĬƬ֮󣬳֪϶үүûоүүҲȷʵŲѵĿԣңүүܲû


4 
ʲôɱ˵仰ҶһһȭȥھȻԼүү׿˵ģȻе޷š
ҽ
ҶԪ˵ת߽ڣҶҲæ˽ȥҷֽŴϡ
˳£
Ҷ̧ͷԼүүȻûпڣеɻѾޱĳ˳
ҶԪҲȴûϽͣڳĬһŵЩұøģΪҵ㲻Ҿһ㣬Щ֮󣬾Ͳ׼κˣ𣿡
ܣҶĵͷ
ãҶڵʵΣ
ҶүүôͻȻԼˣ𵽣ҶҶȻֻʮʱ䣬үүĴ£Ѿ𽥷չ׳޼ңּҲΪңүүʮӡʵڷԲ֮ڸǶˡ
ҶԪ¶˴ȰЦݣͷ˵ûٸ㣬㸸ױ°֮ҲĴ˰æ޵޵λ죬ʮӡ۷֣ʹߣֱǾӡ֮⣬ʮӡĸ֣˵޵ʵΣ
Ҷ΢΢ɫݹҶңʮӡˣӡˣӡĲʮˣ޵ӵеʵԿ׵Ҷң˵ֻһҶˣ
ǿҶԼۡ
ҶԪһЦ˵޵ôǿʵ˵ԸҶˣҪҶҲ׾ٵ飬ǼȻҪǵġƾΪʲôֱɱҪ°ĸףȻٱáƾȥأ
ҲҶеɻģʶ޵˵ļթ֮ɲ޵ǲҶң
̾˿ҶԪŵʵһУֻȸ½һƬ棬ʵϣ֮󣬲󣬸ǳҵ󣡽Ҿ͸㣬Ҷһһɽɽжǿڵ»޷⡣
ҶжʱȻʣˣΪ޵ʮּɵҶҵɽ
ҶԪĵͷǵģ޵ʵȻܹҶ򣬵ҶҵĿɽȣǾ൱һϣһǴԣ޵ҵǵĿɽôȻҲɱ㸸ˣ
˵ҷʱֻһˣ㸸ˣô޵ӦûὫʬ£ûеʬ뿪ǲǣ
ҶԾԼѾˣ޵ôǿʵҶҴɽǰȻֻ൱һֻϣɽʵôﵽʲôĵزˣ
ҶȴûȥЩˣΪϢʮֵļ˷ܵĵүүȥҶҵĿɽǰæҵȳ
ҶĻҶԪһ˿֮ɫ̾˿Щ²ô򵥵ģģһ취ȳģҪˣĸףҲҵĶӣ
ҪľǰүүѰ㵤ķ
ҶȻүү˿֪бȻʲô飬Ҳ׷ʡ
ȴ¶ģүүȥҴɽæĻԼҲҪԼ˫֣㽫׾ȳ
ҪǻǰҶԲ뷨ڼȻˡѪսⱾĹȴǳš
үү֮ҶûлԼķ䣬ֱ뿪Ҷң˺ɽеĵط
һ·ʱ˲ҶҵˣЩ˿Цӭ꺮ůڣԵĶ˼ĮߣһԶָָ㣬Сۡ
Ҷ֪ʲôůЩûзϣں˵̬ȣԼɴʲôҲֺñˣ
ɽȷû˸Լ֮Ҷƽеһɽϥ
ǰڴϵʱڡѪսֻǳֹڣһ£ܸԼʲô벻ı仯
ѪսĿҪÿѨλȫͨôҪÿѨλзֿصĿ֮ҶԼ֮֫֫УҪȻˡ
һҶ۾ķʼ
һеľϲѪսķٶȣǰȻ˲֪ٱ˲Ϣ֮䣬͸оԼ֮ȫ⣬ֳʵĸоʵ̫ˣ
Ҷ֮УԼٶתϢˢ壬ÿһת֮ҶĸоԼĳЩ˳ȥһķ֮ĸоҲԽԽǿҡ
޵꺺ӻٵĵŨ֮£û೤ʱѾȥ˼֡


5 ʮʱ
ȫȴտҲĵҶȻͻ룬ԼβԿӡأĿǰȻԼȬʮ޵ĳɹѾΪһգڵڻصʱ״̬ʵвʣ
뵽һɹɵҶʶĴ߶˵֮ڣﵽ״̬֮ҶͿʼСĹʼѹЩ
νӡҪѹ͵ȫΪһ壬ڵӡǣ
Ϊʵ̫ŨѹḺ́ǰ࣬ò׽ѹɽӴС֮ҪٽһСȴζˡ
Ҷ׼ʱһѪսľӦ
ʱһҶӴͻȻ֣ǸӴСţɴǰû˿ĵֿ֮˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿӡ˵֮ϣ
̫ӴӡȣԶԶҶԼ̳ĵһӡ
ӡ̵ԽôպʹҲԽ࣬ȻʵҲԽߡ
ȻҶޱȵ˷ܣ°ȻĿʼ۵ڶӡ
ҹĻ𽥽֮ҶֹͣӡΪ˾ˣˣ
ڣĵ֮ӡÿһӡǶڵ֮С
Ҫ֪Ҷӡ㻨ʮʱ䣡
ڣҶȻǴͷʼӡȴֻʱʱ䣬˹ȥʮʱȡõĳɹ
ʮ꣡
ʱ
ʱ֮Ĳʵ֮
˿ٶȣ˵ˣκ붼룡
ҶĲټӡˣȻֻҪԼȥ֮ǰԼ¶ܹ۳ʮӡ
ǸȴḶ́չ̫죬ҲܲһǺ£Ҷʹ˴סȻ죬᲻ʲôĸó˵
۾Ҷ˵Ǹ˻ǵǣΪֻһʽѪսȥʲôΣҲ޷󣬲ֻ֪һ㣬׹ĴڣԼ֮⣬Բõڶ֪
ƥҶҾΪӵһƾ޵죬֪ˡѪսĴڣôĿ½нˣ
һ飬ҶæɽصҶңĿǰ֪ԼѾΪ飡
ʱʱ䣬ΪҶѵԵʣٻһԷҶԪҲ˷
ҶʱҶԪֱӺס
Ҷϸĳ֣֮ҶԪΪͬĳҶҶ֮⣬ֻҶĴ磬ҲҶ󲮵ĶӣӵӡҶܹд١
ӡԽԽʮ֮ǰܹӡѾǷǳõĳɼˣҶʮӡʱ˵ӡֻҪڰӡûиʮˡ
үүкҶһ£ȻĬĬߵԭԼ׵λϡ
ǰҶһҶҲʲô飬ϾҶҵϣڣҶѾǸеķˣҶԪİţȻһЩ˵ĲȻϲ˵ȴ¶˳Ūɫ
ҶԪϵ۹ɨˣԼҶϣ죬ҶܹõĲж٣
ҶԪӣÿ˶Ǹ˾ְҶ͸ƹܼͲƸ
ҶĬĬļһ´ʮǮң
һǮһӣһǮΪһӣʮǮǧӡ
֮ǰάҶճ֧Ҫ٣
ɵĻʮǮ׾ݵĻʮǮǿܹ
ãʮǮΪճ֧ʣµȫøң
ҶڲĵͻȻôǮʲô
Ҫȥһˣûа취ܹĵ
һʱѻȸ˵ĿȴͬʱҶϣ
׾ΪۣȥҶĵһЩƽͶҶĶ༵ʵв
ЩҶҶΪף鲻ҶңүӵĻ͵ʥּûһ˸Υοڴ֮ͥ£ֻԳӵĿ⣬͵͵ĵҶ
ܼӣźúõӲҪԼϹڣԼڽȥˣǸһܿ࣬ߣҿⱲӾǸˣΰɣ
ҶڵĴҶаԼĸ硣
ʵҶ츳ҲʮѾӵӡʮ֮ǰأôպҲܵĴΪҶ̫ĴڣȫĹâޱȵҶ
ʱ벻ģҶԼȻˣүүԼǳ£ô˸ǣԼԣܷԼ


6 ۷
ȻҶʮָжүүľڵǵѾˣӡҲָˣΪǱǰ˲٣ôүүȥôĴԼ޸أ
ҶһתſڵǶûǣһ֮Ҵ֮ˣԭжڣҶҶʤûģڶ飬ǾҪȥɹ龧ʯ취ڶǵʵ
Ȼڣккܶʣ֮Ҫڽᴿһ˵ʮᴿ֮󣬶໹ʣɡ
龧ʯͬһ̺ľ壬ֱӹգΪĺö̺ͬƷҲͬ͵ȵһƷ龧ʯֵҲʮֵİˡ
ҶֻݷһС򣬶ݷУҶСа˸֮࣬ݷ¹أڳΪÿСٳһֵԹСеĸפ̣׬ȡ
ܹԼҵչݷУڼȻĪĺôˣҶ־ͳұ֮أ˴֮Ҳûٶ֡
ݷͣһأÿʱ䣬ҽһδȣʤ߻ýҶ־ʸ
֮ǰҶƷɴҶһң˽פҶֵʸ񣬶ʱ伴ڣҪдȣԭҶָҶܹʣڣȻָˡ
ҶڵĻҶԪҲ˳˼֮УȻҶǱҪе£ܷҶ֣йҶҷչĴ£ڵҶѾܴʧȥҶֵʸĻôҶĺܾܿʹһ겻
ŵ˵ҶŴΪΣյĹͷ
֮ҶԪص̾˿ҶԴεĵֻίˣ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷүү׵ģ
ҶԪľҶڵ˰˿Ҷ˷ܵսȭͷȥҶ֮⣬ԼǼδ֮ˣô龧ʯ֮ĺöȻҪԼˡ
Թ֮ҶصԼķ䣬úõ˯һڶİ죬ȻװΪȫϵķˣڼ֮һȦȻķͰۣҶȫûзϡ
ҹĻʹҶȻ˴ţͬһֻýݵèһɿźɽȥ
ΪҶҵһӣȻܺһ֮ҪеҵĴȣҶӮô֣ҶҪĻ׼ԼʵΪӮʸ
ӡҶǲȥˣΪ̫𾪣˲һӡʵȵ
һͬϽˮһӿڡ
̧֣һâѸٳȭͷ֮Уӡı־ܹ֡
ǰһϴСţҶϲ񣬰ס飬׼һߵʯͷȻ˹ȥ
ûмκεĻڶֻͨͨȫһȭݺݵʯͷ롣
䣡
УʯͷȻըʯмĽ
˸ߵʯͷڷ۷ıһʯм
Ҷ֪ȻԼֻӡԼӵеʵԳ˵ľ磬ӦǴﵽӡ֮е۷塣
仰˵ӵӡˣҶžԵţԽǻܣ
еη˿ٵٶȣҶӡŵǸʲôЧ
źֿȫͬ壬žǿ壬ȻӾ޴
ǿжסԼͷԺ֮չֳˡѪսĹҲǸѪɫӰ
ҶӰ˰֮ڽĿʳָ֮ϵѨ
ѨλУһȥעǣûҪȥͨǣˣͨѨλʵ̣̽ѨҪҵѨλľλãܹܵ
̽ѨڡѪսĹ֮УǸᴩʼյḶ́ĿľҪ̽ȫ߰ٶʮѨλľλá
Ҷ˫̯Ķ죬˫΢գ̧ͷ׼ҹգתѪսķھʱΧһԼٶӿĵȻٴӵͷųڿʼת
תĹȴǼΪļɬÿһСξ룬ͻ΢΢һͣҲ˵ڴ˴ѨλĴڣѨλûֱͨѨλΧķ϶мȥ
ģҶ֮ϳһɫ·֩һһڲţֱÿһλÿһ䡣
ò׿Ŀİתһ֮ҶעͿʼʳָ֮ϣΪѾ˵һ̽ѨʱתЩͻѭ·ߣܶʼļתȥֱ֮ϵѨλȫҵ
̾ͲҪҶȥˣҪģǼȥҵԼҪͨĵһѨλ


7 
ȻҶڲ֪ԼÿѨλľλãǴλû֪ġ
ʳָѨʳָָ֮
Ҷڵʶĳ˷һּ̽ѨĹ켣Ϣתһ֣ȴӿֵʳָ֮Уʳָʱͬ͵һѸҶʳָʱпܱը
ȻըȷпܷģΪѨλǱģҶҪ뾡ҵѨȻͨӶܹ˶Ḷ́ҲΪͨѨ
ģʳָָ֮һССĹ㣬ͬөɢĹâһȻΪ΢ںڰ֮ȴޱȵ
ҶһϲæԱһǸѪɫӰλ÷ֺѨ
ҵѨλͨѨͨѨĹ̲ɼ꣬
Ҷ˿ƽ¼󲿷ֵʳָгȡʳָڿԽܵ޶֮ڣȻ𽥵ͣĴ̼ѨһͨѨĹ̡
ǼΪģҲżΪһ֮ĻȻܹͨѨλҲܻΪ̼ͣӶѨλ쳣
ͨѨͬʱҶҲԾ̽ѨĹ̡
̽ѨܹҵѨλľλã壬ڲĸλдܹǿ̼Ǽ⣬Ҳһַʽ
һҹȥҶһĽɫ·ͬˮһѸȥ
ȻѨԾûдͨҶȴоȫ泩̽ѨĴ̼ýǼ飬ǿͶȶϸ΢ĸơ
ʱһζţҶÿ춼ڼװˣһҹ˾֮ͻ͵͵ܳѪս
ͨƪĹĲ֮ҲԽӵ
ǿ˲ֹһɵҲԽԽ࣬յٶȸǻڼӿ졣
ʳָѾǼӲָ⴦ıʹҲԽԽ΢
ҶԤУԼӦþܴͨʳָϵѨ
ӿʳָѾо͸ˣʳָԭ˶һ
ָ֮Ѿ۳һССУеģҲѨ
ҶҪľЩѨӶָ
ͬͳսʿһһδεȫλĳеģȻսŰܣŰս١
ڣ
ͣ
žҹ֮УǼΪ΢Ҳᱻ޵ķŴӦú΢Ҷھһ
ʳָָ⴦һ
ۡһȻȥԶֱӶҶǰһڴϸС
ΪҶûӡָȻ룬һҲûжԶˡ
Ѩڱɹͨ
ͬʱҶԵĸоѨͬһմӿ룬Ѩ֮ھȻӿһ˿ͬҺһľ
˿ȫǸģԹԵĴѨҶתһܣʧ֮У
Ҷ֪˿ѨѨλ֮ͨÿѨλ֮Ѩͻ۳ѨҲǹ֮ա
˿ѨҶû̫⣬ΪڵעȫѨϡ
ܸоĳѨȻֻһѨλպʹ˿ѷɫڵ
Ҳ˵ֻһպʹҶȴ൱
⻹ֻǴͨһѨλȫ߰ٶʮѨλȫͨǵ߰ٶʮ
ôĵɵ൱ڱ˵߰ٶʮ
Ҷð˳ȵĹâ
ҶȻѡһߵʯͷʳָصĴʯͷ롣
ڴһʳָָ⣬׵Ķʯͷʯͷ֮һͨ͸С
ͨһѨָȻôı仯ھƾָҾܺɱˣܽѨλͨÿλ񲻶Աǿսѹ˵ѨΪΪ
Ҷ£ͻȻǰǿʯͷ֮ϴһž֮
ʯͷı棬ԸղҶͱǸСΪģƣѸٵܹѿ

ʯͷȻһصʯ
ҶͬǰһŵĻصңû뵽ǣ֮оȻƻͨԼĽҲеүүˡ
ܵȥˣã
ȵҶ֮󣬲ŷڳүү⣬ԼûмˣһһŮеʮ꣬ŮĸԼ£òȴʮޣҶҵŮҲӣǸŮһȣľ̫Զˡ
ΪԼĸԼͲҶûʲôøУԽɨŮһۣ߾ͣǸ˵ϡ
òʮǣһ°׳עĿľĳ֮ŵŽǣ


8 ɾȿɲ
ȻҶŽǴʲô˼עȴǲ֪ı
ҶԪҶһµλλǷ׷ǰλǷС㣡
Ҷӵɻǰ񣬲Է̬ȴʮֵĸ߰׻õ㣬΢΢˵ͷλǿҶһۺͽĿƿ
ȵҶʩ֮󣬷װ˰֣ҶԪǷԮΪ£
ҶһȻ˵ݣӦþҶұǸɽ
ҶԪ̬ĽҶ˵һ飬ĩ˵Ҿǰ֣ܹ취ӵĵ
׵üͷϬҶ
Ҷʱ͸ܵһӴѹѹ֮£ȻԼĿǰʵԿԵֿΪ˲Լʵ¶ҶһΣһģŵŵ˳Զ
ͨһ㣬Ҷ˶ԷʵԳԼλ׵ʵүүѵﵽ˳֮
ȻҶڳǵĿ֪ӡ֮󣬻иΪǿĳֻ˵Ҳû޷ĸֵʵ
ͬʱҶҲصĴŹģԼڵǿž޴ѪαԷ֡
Ҷľ״÷¶һ˿м
Ƭ֮󣬷ջԼĿ⣬Ҷմˮһˮʪ͸һƣǱģ
ڷȻûܹҶڵѪΣĵʮ۳ӡ츳㲻ȸ½Ҳʲô֮ţɾȿɲȣ
һ˵ҶжȻһŭȻΪԼʲôţǶԷԼ̬ȴ޷ܡ
˵ͬһ㱦ܾȣʩԮ֣ҲǹȻԷȻ˵ɾȿɲȣָ߸ϵĮӣҶɽʧȥеĺøС
׽ҡҡͷҶԪΪҶôһɾȿɲȵ㾹ȻԮǲԶǧﱼǲ̫ûǷˣ
ҶԪɫʱһ䣬˵һԵҶѾүүԶĺ񰮣ףԼǳĻöԼɣΪҶҪ˵ľ棡
һϯڳ˵ɫֳ˱仯ҶԪһƬ׵Լֳһͷһš
ͷҶ΢΢һӦǳͨ˰ɣ
ֱԲмĿôѵ㻹ʮӡʲô˲õĳɾͣ
ҶȻתŷ΢΢һЦûвҲûΪʲô˲õĳɾ͡
סڣҶԪæҶĻŷС㣬䣬е㲻ã˵״ðС㣬Ϸ
үү׼ȥļҶȻһסүүϵ΢ЦѾȡС㣬ǰһжҶĴүүûκιϵնλΪҶǧﱼ֮Ҷһӱģ
ˣҶԪȻһȣطȥ
ʱѾվҶԪԮ֮£Ҳ׷ˣ´ΪּëƤС·ԮĻߣӦ⣬һ֮ѡΣҶҶɾȿɲȵˣҲͲμˣߣ
˵֮󣬷׺ͷվҶԪ뿪Ҷҡ
Ҷޱע˵뿪ҶԪȻ˻ĬĬĿҶΣ̾һϣүүûð
үү֪һԼĿԣ
ҶļУүүһֱǶص󣬴ΪʲôͱȥЭūϥȥ󣬶ΣΪԼүүȫյԣеĲѾɢˡ
ǰҶԪЦŵ˵ͷղλС㣬Ȼʮ굫ѾаӡзǰΪ޷ģֻҪסǶȸ½һڵˣҲǲ
ʮ꣬ӡ
ϢȷҶе𾪣ֻɲǣ㻯˰ȻЦݡ
ӡʲôԼҪĻһϾͿӵʮӡ޷ΣֻҪԼѪս˼£˵ˣڿҲԼĶ֣
Ҷʵ̫ĹҲܹĿǰӴǿĸ֣Ҳֻнոռķˣεľ磬ȷʵ޷
үүģӽ쿪ʼһӱŬ˹Ҷң
ҶĻҶԪǰοԼ֮԰ˣﶼ޷ŬҲֻǸˣôȥ˹󣬲ǿЦݣҶԴ
ת֮·ʮүүҶǼᶨԼҪǿľġ
κοɽǿסģҪվȽŸֻܿԼ
ҶԼ˫֣ǿźɫѪΣİٱ


9 ʳָ
һµʱҶÿҹĿ֮̿кܿȥΪݷҶפʸдȵˡ
ɽɽ֮ϣҶֶ˫۽գΧĶ֮С
̿ѪսĺôѾԽԽչ˳ÿλĴҶڸ涼ӵԽԽǿ
֮ڣҶɻ紵ݶļϸ΢Ķ䡣
û˿âĺڰ֮УҲ׼ȷּס߷ɹĲӬ˿Ӱ졣
˫֮ϣôϾͬǰֻ޴ĵһһ㣬׵ľ롣
ĻԼֵʳָǵҡ
ȻԶ֮дһɳɳҶȻ۾Ƕʶ֮ȴжϳһͷ·Ķǣֻצ̤Ҷ֮ϣֻ֣Ե۾ĶסԼ
ǲҶҲƴŸԵģڣʵ޷ֿдļȻ߸Ծſ죬¹֮˸ź⣬Ҷ
ҶȻ۾һֱǴȳζϢıǶˣŶȻһ֣ԼֵʳָΪһ㡣
ͣ
һҺ屻˿УѪ۾ɵ˼£ֱҲ޷ţǰԼٻԶ࣬ʳָԼġ
Ҷʳָָ֮ϣһȻΪıȥ׶Զһظֱһ˶ǵԴ¹֮£ԣ
һʱĿޣҶֶѨλĴǳ򵥣ʵȴܽλǱһļ
˵ʳָѨ֮֮ͨ󣬲ӲޱȣҼȿ壬Ҳܺ屣ϵܹͬһȡ
İףףҶ֪ԼָĳȾܹﵽʲôļޣڴ
֣ʳָϵͻȻ˻ָҲޱȣɸտᣬá
ҶûȥͷĿʬȤȻֶӡѾˣҲûʲôòӣѪսĹӡǿȡģˣұһذɣӡӦÿӦĴ˰ɣ
Ҷұæ緹ҶҵæŸУ׼Ĵԡ
ÿڴԿʼǰһ֮꣬˻ȵľݺͷʽ
Ͻ֮еĶμӣҶƷɴҶһʤĴʮµ˲μӣȻҲҶģΪǸʱҶѾ¶âˡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ⵽˷ҶƷ֪ҶɷĴȣּҺ޼Ҷڱصá
ҶͬˣȻҶ˿ûʸμδˣ˭ҲȥĦĦ
緹ʱҶԪҲ˷ϾαԵĽҶ˵ʮش׼ԴǰҲǸԼǴġ
ҶҵﹲˣҶƷֻҶһ֮⣬ϴҶӣһһŮеҶΪӳĿǰӵӡѾ귽ʮܲμӱԡ
ŮҶᣬ귽ʮˣӡҶҲμӱΪߵġ
ҶӣһŮֻ׼кҶҶ˲μӣҶʮ꣬ӡҲ㲻Ҷʮ꣬ӡ
ˣҶʵֻ˲μӱԡ
Եķʽ̨ϽĻʤҶޣ޼Һּҹޣϳֱ˿ɣվ̨ϵľʤҡ
ͽ֮ҶԪȻ΢ЦĸҶ˴˭ܿĳЦʮǿȻУΪεĴȣҶһлʤϣ
ҶһȲʤȯģʼմԵõЦݣһȷڸ׵İϸչأҲ֪ȡʲôĳɾ͡
ҶҲȫûϣҶȻƽƽȴȴ򣬵ҶҲֻǲһѣֻǽһϣһ귽ʮŮϣδҶԪпЦ
һʮ뿪ҶңǰҶģרŵ̨
ҶԪŴǰ棬ʱĻͷԼЩǣתͷȥȴȻһ̾
εıԣݷǵĳ׻ҪۿΪݷ֮УҶʵΪǿһС֮λʮӡĸ֡
ڣһҶ򣬶Ҷ︺Ҳĸϵſȥӭӡ
ңһεĴȣҶһ¡صĴ£̨ѾǰֵȺΧˮйͨ


10 
ҶҵĵȻȺĻҶĿڱʵеϰնҲһӵ
ҶԪЦǺǵͬΧ˵ͷ΢Цк
ȻҶѾܵԼԵòעĿȻۼ˷ǣ۱׷
Ҷ˵ҶˣҶѾűɷˣ
ǰҲ˵ˣ˵ҶǵùˣεĴȹزסˡ
ԭҶҵϣǼҶϵģҶˣҶиûõóֵˡ
ȻᣬȴĴҶÿ˵ĶУҲֻװû
ҶΪģ̨ĶҲרΪλãһ֮нŵģ˷ܵģֻҶɫʮֵƽƺľһһ
Ƭ֮һ󻶺޼ҵ˵ˣ
޼ҺҶһһλʮӡĸּңȻûʮӡĸ֣ӵλӡĸ֣ʵ̫
޼ҲʮˣΪ׵ľǵļ٣Ӻӡ
ҶԪվӭӣ򵥵ĺ֮޼˵ĿͲԼͬļҶϣȻҲ˵Ҷֻû취ȷڿҶȻ棬ǴӦˡ
ҶҲڴ޼ˣĿֻǶһ̬ҶҪ˵ϣĿ޼ҳʮ꣬ӡ
ĿҶĿһӣ¶˵ɫеſ֮䶼ڰ񿴵Ҷ˷ˣĿȻʮָˡ
ûҶҺϣּҵҲˡ
ּңַĴīǾӡעĿȴīĴӣһּҳʮ꣬Ȼӵӡ
ҶԪٵɫѿȻҲ֪һΪּʷѼһλţǰһֻӡȻӵӡ˿ٵٶȣƺҶȲϡ
һĳ֣ҶҵĶòεĴȣּҼ϶ʤˣ
һȻҶգգۣȻһŨ̵˵ϣý룬ļЦ֮ɫ
ڶҶƣҶֻǵһЦᡣ
ȻѾˣǴȴûпʼΪǶڵȴݷ׵ĳ֡
ڣӰԶ֣ҵļæӭǰȥ
ݷףԼѮĸߴ󣬹֮䲻ŭһ۵ߡ
λߣ˶΢΢һ㶣Ϊ֮ǰûм˭Ҳûзϡ
ȻҲֻӵʮӡܹһ֮Ȼǿĺ̨˭ҵ
˰æ֮лۿҵıԣҶ԰ҶԪЦŴк
ЦҶˡ
һߵ̨֮ãȻλո֮󣬶׺ȻҶԪҶλҶ
ҶԪ΢΢һ׶һҲʲôԣһЦֳҶһָǾǶݼ
òãװ˰֣תͷԼĵ˵ͷߵĿ⿴Ҷ
ԭҶںԼĴҶ˵ŻǺȻеһڣȻ̧ͷӭߵĿ⡣
Ҷһâа߲֪̾ʲôĿ⾹Ȼƺ˿Լүү
ҲûзϣȻǸųģǱȻǳĹܼһ֮߱࣬ԼûκεĹϵ
˼ȻѾ룬ȻҪʼʽıˣҶ򵥵Ľһ¹֮ŮҶһԾ̨֮ϡ
ҶԸΪ䵭˵ԽΧ˸ȦҾվȴԼսߡ
Ҷ㣡
ĿŷҶǰ
ҶĿһֵ룡
£ҶѾһƻĿȻûϵҶᾹȻ˵ʹһæһһơ
һҶԸΪ䵭ϣҶԪѾصضΪҶһʤϣһҪܵĶҵĵӣսˣҲΪҶҶֵɨϰŻʹ
ҶռȻǵˣ˫ƽڲݵĳĿȥ
ӡ֣ҶÿһƶһƷ磬ҸֲǣһƷ绹ûȫɢڶƷѾ
һƷһƷ磬һƬĿȫ
Ȼ˶Ϊ˿ҶѾռϷ磬ҶԪȴɫҶҲǰһá
ҶĴʵ̫ӡˣܹٽսĿҲͬӡˣŮҪǿֻҪĿܼͦҶһ͹ô̾ͻᷭת
ĿȻҲ뵽һ㣬ԲûзκεķֻҶܲ͸Ʒ֮оŲΣڶܡ
ȻҶһֹ̱֮òĸϲ䣬ĿȻһ׼һյݺһȭȭͷ֮˸һȭȻȫ


11 ûҶ
䣡
ȻҶѾ˫Ʒסһȭǿ֮£ȴǵɳȥݺݵײ̨Ļ֮ϣ֮Ϯһģһϥڵء
һĻʱ޼ҵĽкҶ˵ȴһƬңȻҶѾˡ
һҧҶվȴҶԪ𣺡ɣ
Ҷ䶯촽˵ʲôҲûſͣɫȻ̨
ҶįģҶɫߵߣЦų˴Ĵָ
ҶУҶҶԸ֮⣬ֵ֮ܽĹϵǳǢ
ҶİοҶһůȴЦҡҡͷԭҵļˣȻû뵽Ȼһ־Ͱ
ҶһֵܣҶҴ˶ΪԼεıѾûлʤĿˡ
޼ʤ
ĿģеҶڴ˿̶ͬ飬Ҷһţ̨ϳ壬ȴҶڸסˣ𼱣ȶһ󣡡
ʱּѾ˳ȥĿһ
ĿʵȻǷһּλӣƺס̨˶֪֮սĸ߳ûеλӡһûϳ
ڣȫ˵Ŀ֮Уһվûߵ̨ϣҶ˵ǰмĵҶҿż©ˣǵ̴ˣҵǣ
˵֮һת̨վĿĶ棬ĵĿӡӡҵĶ֣Ȱ㻹ԼĺãȻʱɱ²顣
ô˵棬Ŀôܲ䣬ټʱݷ׺Ȼ˶˵һ仰ӡĸ֣źÿ
˵ʵΪӡֻ¶ˣҪ˵ÿȷܹŵӡ֮ĴҪʵĶࡣ
˶׵仰Ŀ֪ԼǴҲô򣬲Ҳôˣ
֣ǧҪ飡
£Ŀڰȭͷ˶ţһȭһ
һһЦĵȥɣ
ָȻſһŶĿĹâ֣һƥһ㳤βͣһǰ֮ƣֱӳĿ
ӡʩչţ
ȻѤ
ȻУĿӾǶߵķһ㣬߸ߵڿն𣬷ɳ̨
ߣ
һƺߣһ죬һɰӿڿ۳һ׼̺ӣԼٶȣ׷Ŀɵ壬һصԼߣˡ
¶һ֣ҶжȻһ⣬ʮӡļԦѾﵽշĵĵز
һһ֣Ц˼үү˵㣡
ô˵棬ȻҲܺһ󱲼ƽϣֻ˻֣£ŵɫĿǴŨŨĿ־صԼλϡ
һ֮㽫Ŀ̨Գȣʵʵסڳҵӡ
ԭһ־ģҶڴ˿ɫҲеײӣתͷԼĸס
ҶȻƬ̺ҡҡͷû뵽ּСӾȻѾӡ蹭ҲĶ֣ȥˣ
ȻҶڵ󣬵ҶȴʮҲΪʲôҶʼһȲʤȯģˣԭ蹭֡
蹭һԵڵ۳ɵ裬Ȼɳߴ߶ʵ͵š
蹭ĻԸӡĸֶһʤʣǶԸӡĸ֣ǾͲ˵ˣ蹭۳ɵĵߵϢϢء
ҶĹ㣬ҶĿǰӡӵе衣
ʱһ޼˵֪޼һų̂սûеĻ޼ҿɾ͵ˣ
Ŀһһ֮У޼ȻĶˣԾ޼˶޵Ŀݺݵĵһȴûһ˸̨ȥ
ɨһԼЩ̾˿վȣ޼䣡
ʱּ֮дһҵĻ֮һЦеתҶңҶأҶҴͷβֻһŲ̊еǲǶˣûûеĻ͸ϽԹ䣬Ҫ˷Ѵҵʱˣ
Ҷһ޵öҧгݣǰڹأҶ˶ȥݺݽѵһһʵǰҶȻûϣһӡһӡȥֻаװװķݡ
ҶԪı˱ۣķһĳ̾һһ٣ʮ֮ǰԼҶһֽҶң񣬿ӵҪ˥ʱˣ
ȻȲԸϣҶԪòʵվ׼ڳҶ䡣
ȻʱҶҵȺ֮ȴһƽÿһ֣ȴͬһǼشһصôÿ˵ϡ
ֻսܵҶңûҶң
˵УҶվ


12 һ
ҶҶվҶƺ뵽ޱߵİ֮С
˶ڻɣѵ˵ԼĴǼٵģλҶҵŲû䣿ǼȻû䣬Ϊʲôޣ
Ҷеɻ󣬱Ҫүӱ˻ԵҶصҶң˶ĿãȻҶǺˣǵܵشȴҲһʵҶҲֻڼ֮Ĵй䣬ûй
һˣʱôվ
ѵ˵ʵܲһҶҵӣԲһеͦ
˵۹ĵ뷨ҶҶҵ滺˳ͬǹһֱһ̨վһĶ棡

ҶԪлعæֹҶ
ҶԪҲ˶ѹҶ֮ˣΣ֮ʱҶ͵ҶҲ̲סڵ磬Ҹ򣡡
ѪŨˮʱ˳
үүҶĻҶ¶˲õЦݣȻԼĳֿܻΪԼһЩ鷳ܹԼļһҶһжֵõġ
ģзִģ
ҶǸгģҶԪжȻһ˿ĹâȻ췽׸ŮǰҶҵʱҶİҹѵ˵Сʲô
뵽ҶԪԼʹ˸ɫ˻ĽҶ˰
ͬʱ׺ȴǲɫĽһĿ⣬˵עȫеҶϡ
һ΢ЦվԼǰҶȻҲеֹĲţ뵽ԼӡʵҶȻǸţҲֻӡԲԼĶ֡
ˣһ̤ʵмĳҶôڲͷڹ˰սܣ䣬һ𣡡
һ֮Ҷȥɣһļ̼֮ȻƵ״̬֣˭ʤ˭ܣ֪
ǲײĲᣬϽʼɣսپһһһʧȥ侲
Χ۵ȺԭΪһĳ־ǽҴȵĸ߳ˣǴ˿̣ĸ߳
ҶһøʢҶţԱɷˣȴͻأ̨֮ϣ
һּͬδϣҹ֮һӡƾٶȣƺҶ
˵ĶԾ˵쳣ļּˣҶֶѾҪԼҵˣû뵽Ȼֳ벻ı仯
磬úýѵѵ֪˭Ҷţ
ǰһнͷ
ּ˵ҶȻȻЦЦ֮ȴ͸һŨŨɱ֮⡣
ڣһͣȳˣȻղŶԸĿһУ۳һͬһĹâҶ
ԸղһͽӡĿɵйҶ̧֣Լʳָ
Ҷ˶һͷˮʲô˼
ĹâޱߵƣҶŲֻаԶʱҶżΪԼָĵǰǵâģ
ڼǰâ谭һҲ޷ǰֺͣ˿С
һ룬ͻȻ䡱һ촫Ƭͬһ㣬ųƥĹâм䣬ҶʳָǸλãȻը˿
ҵɲǼڿնɢΧĿ֮С
ؼһƬ
̨֮£Ŀ࣬Ų˼ŵɫעһС
̨֮ϣһһ㣬˫Ŀ͵עҶ
ԼȫһȻҶһָͷ͸ƵˣƵ˸ɾ䣬޷ܣ
ʲôʵ
סͬʱҶȴǹһżһ㣬Ӵ˫֮ϣһһǰ
ȻǸʳָֻǱֱţϢģһؿ֮һ
һͬղŵĿһʱҶһ֮˿Уɳ̨
ּҼַɫһ䣬˫һ壬ڿն𣬺׷һ壬һҪжϵ
һ֮£ַɫȴͻȻ䣬˫Ȼһ͸̣Ʋǿסһ塣
ɴ˿ɼҶ⿴һʮǿ
ʵҶ⻹ûȫղȫֱԼʳָᴩһâͬʱжԷ壬򲻵ѵĹͷ׼Լʳָ쳣ֳ
ͬһУһ
Ҷת˫ۻ̨µӵܣڣ˭ս
ӣжһľ⡣
̨ϺЦվҶɲ⣡
ַҶݺݵĿ˰κȻڣȣּ䣡
޼ּȺ䣬ôȵʤȻҶˣ
ҶԪ֮ϴʱѾǺ棬û뵽ԭҶҶѾ˾·ȻھȻ·תҶҷǵ˾һεվ۷塣


13 ҶԪ
ȻҶԪɻ󣬵Ǵ˿̾ԲѯʵʱֻǿѹסĵļŶ׵ˣδȵĽ
׺λߵĿʼնҶϣ˸⣬ҶԪĻŵͷãҿǴ۽ˣ
վҶҵĴȣʤΪҶң
̫ˣ
Ҷ֮жȻ˾춯صĻ֮ɫҰܣּңʤѾ֮ˣû뵽һУ
ڽѾˣҲκε飬ҪӮֻٵʱˡ
ֻжɻڵҶѾʲôľ磿
ЦĶҶҶȻŰҺܺ棬ڵмӡ
Ȼ˵Ҷԥһ»Ǵأ
΢һء
ȫɵۣҶʮӡҶ֪Ȼһ껹ûȥȻһӡٶҲֲ̫ˣ
ͷʮӡԵŶˣҶʱĻŵȥ
ڶ׵룬ȻޱȵĽȻҶȴû˿ĵ⣬ΪŶ׵λߵʼʮֵĲ
ɳʱĻҶһŰݷã
ãҿɾ͵ˣƺʮָˣҶԪͷҶҲˣҶֵ˰ٽһɣ
ȻפҶҪͨãÿ궼Ҫݷһĸ˰ڶһ仰ھƾΪҶҽԼʮǮơ
ٺַ˶һۣ޵Ҳ֪֮ڣҶҶĵλΪ׵ֶ֧ˮǴߣպû׼ԼҾҲ޷࿹ˡ
ҶԪЦļֱͶϲ£ˣֻԼ֪˵Ĳһɵ˰ӣҶľ޴ľϲ
˱ԣҶ˸߲ҵĻصҶң֮󣬻û˿ʼףҶԪѾɴĽҶеԼķ䡣
ҶԪҪŬڳԼϣеĸʵ̫ǿңֻЦеĵ˵ɣ⵽ô£
үү㻹ǵ÷ǼҵǸ𣿡
ҶԪ˵ͷȴǰԼ²ĹȻûСϿ϶ʲô
з꣬ȥɽתתȻû뵽һˣʼһΪ޵ģֻǼ仰֮󣬾˵ʲôȻԵ޸ɣȻҾͻ˹ȥ֮󣬷ֲѾˣӡҲָء
һҾ͵͵ӡء
ҶԼڱⷬٻԼе㲻ţȻû뵽ҶԪ֮ȴˣ
ҶԪڳ֮ͷøˣλ˱Ȼλˣ⺢ӣϾ͸øңǺȥңлл˼ң֮ˣ
Ҳģϻ˷ǣԴ֮£Ҹˣ
ҲǣҶԪʯͷǳ׷ˣȻҶƷĿǰҶøȴҶ߳˾
˵¾ͲҪ˵ˣλԵĻպȻġ
ҶæͷûʲôˣԼ˭ȥ˵
ˣҲˣϢȥɣԺҪִ£׼үүˣ
İɣˣүүи⡣
ʲô⣿
ϴǸߵʱ˵ʲôһ֮ѡΣô£
ҶԪȻԴ㿴ӣԽԽͿˣôҪ龹Ȼˡ
˶ҶԪ˿ѾصʵʵķţүүⷽԲ֮ڶǶ֣ʵϣүүֻһ֮Ŷû⺺ֻ۳̤볾֮еĴš
ҶĵһûȥɽΪǰүү˵飬̫𾪣Ҫʱúһ¡
ԭֻ۳ʼ֮·
֮·ǧۺֻš
ޣħ޺͵ޣ
ߣҲǾʶΪڵӣ
ħߣΪıȡΪֶΣܹΪʵ
ߣҲΪͳΪȫһߡ
ȸ½֮ϣ͵߶УǿʮɣΪʮڣ
ҶԪǵʮ֮һڵŵӣ


14 һϣ
κһɵĵӶɷΪ࣬ŵӣŵӺ״ӣ
ŵӣǴ͵һȺˣֻгΪŵӣô빻ܵеһЩ
ҪΪŵӣҪڶʮǰӡΪﲻĻôⱲӼûϣ۳ˣ⵹ڹⶨµĿн綼ҪѭĹء
ȻҲû⣬ĸʵ̫̫ˡ
ҶԪûдﵽɥʧ˽ŵʸ񣬸ɥʧܹ۳ϣ
ʱ·ѡһǼڰĵŵӣһǿ뿪ȥԴһƬء
ҶԪѡ˵ڶ·
뿪ڵǰһϣʦҵ͵͵͸һйƾҶպкܹڶʮǰӡô׹׹԰۳
һܹ۳ô»عڣһֱӳΪŵӣ
ҶԪʹⱾҶ򣬿֦ɢҶ¸ҲΪʲôҶԪڡƾ˿صԭΪ˵Ѿһ׹һϣһܹҶطڵϣ
ںҶԪͬѡŵӻкܶ࣬Ϊ˷չ׳ͬʱҲǸЩŵع鱾ŵһᣬÿһѡΡ
еŵӣǵĺѡʮ츳ˣǰڲμѡΣһѡϣôܽڳΪһŵӡ
Ȼȸ½еڵģŨͬĵطϴռݣڵɽҲˡ
ˣڶʮ֮ǰڣӴôиĿڶʮ֮ǰ۳ӡӶϣ۳֮š
ҶҴΨһһμӹѡε˾ҶĸףҶƷɣʮ꣬ӡܿϧȻûбѡϡ
ҶźճʱҶԪʱһ˿ϣΪҶӦܹͨѡΣΪڵŵӣܸһ۳ΪҶҵһߣ
ˣҶﱻ٣ҶԪĴǼΪ޴ģŻ᲻һУȥ취ΪҶ
첻ҶңҶﱻ٣øʮӵӡȸ½ҲŵϺŵˡ
ڣҶԪҶһһ׼һ֮ǰȥμѡΣ
ʵڣҶǼΪܵģΪ׸Ů˸µӡʵ̫û취ܹعүүⱲԸҵүүʱƽƽҲ˳ЦǳϣҶܹԲΣܹṳ̈ڵĴţ
֮⣬ҶԪ˵Լһɻ󣬾޵ô֪Ҷšƾģ
ҶƷɱ֮ǰҶҳҶԪ⣬ûκ֪ƾĴڣ޵ô֪أ
ҶԪɹԼʦϷ²⣬ƾʦģҪȥĻ˹˵һУҪô鷳
ʦΪȻеظǼΪɣܺǽħʲôϵ
ɻҶԪ޷ףҶȻû˿ͷˣҲȷ֪𰸣Ϊ²ҪԼ͸˵
ε̾˿Ҷ۾ӵԹͷգ˯ȥ
ڶ죬Ҷ֣ԼˣҶҵˣԴԼ̬Եת䣬鹧֮⣬һ˿η塣
ҶƽպԼΪԸĵܵܣԼȥӶСĴ˸кתȥ
һб仯Ҷ֪ΪԼ̨֮չֳʵ
ʵˣ㲻ʱ˻ƴĲ㣬ǵͻȻȱǿʱֻƴĺ£ϵֺ㣬ԣů
ҶԼûע⵽ðͷʱǲԾĹճһЦ˫֮͸һ˿ǿźɫҲȻһ
磡
һҶعתͷͬʱϵѾָƽҶҲСŮ΢΢ЦСﰡʲô£
ʵҶûΪԼ츳ûҪԼȥ룬ԴеˣǸˣڳһȵ̬
ҶͷǳϲԼø磺磬үүȥ
֪ˣ
ҶҶСת뿪ˡ
үү£
ɣ
˷ϲ¾ˬȵĻʤҶľϲҶԪһɨ⼸ǳ˿˼ꡣ
ȻѾӡôʸѡսˣߣүүȥ
һʩչǸͬһųƥĹս


15 򵥵ս
սǸָսļǾдǻ۴ܵǰǽġ
ΪսʵϾǶĿƺãֱΪ
õս߷ӳΪǿ
ͬӡ֮£ӵкõսһȻǿһ
ʩչսĻӡֻӡ㹻ܽս󻯵ķӣǴһʶӡûдﵽأ֮ǰս
ʵҶ˿սʸ񣬲Ϊʵʵŵȴ˼졣
սʱȻһѪڣһֶսķĵĿεĴ˫͸
ǹâ˵ĳȺǿңҶԪҶеĹâʱ嶼΢΢һһƨڵء
ڹâһţҶԪҲԼôܲסԼӵ
ȻҶӵӡԼǴﵽԲ֮ʮӡ
ʱһλ۳˳ڳĻܸҶԪҶɢʵϽս⣬߾ˣܹƾ޵ս׵Ļ֣ܶ
սҲգҲãЧߵľ粻ͬȻҲŵȼĻ֣ҶӡеսҲֻ֮УպܹеôȻܽӴս
ÿ֮ڵսƷҲ֣һƷ߾ƷƷԽߵģԽ
û۳ûߴ֮ǰӡУʵֻ֣ΪܽӴս͹͵һƷ㲻ϡ
սкܶ࣬ǰôɷΪ֡
֮⣬ҪʩչģҲֻȭʩչģҪضķʩչģĿĺȴһɵ󻯵ʩչ
Ҷôռս͹Ҳ٣ȫһʯ֮У֮ԷʯݣһʧὫЩؼ֮һ档
ʯſڣҶԪͣԼȥѡɣҪ̰ģҲҪøԶĿǰո۳ӡսżѧһ΢򵥵ĹսͿˡ
֪ˣ
ӦһҶ߽ʯ֮С
ʯ󣬰ڷܣÿ֮϶һ鼮еļеļ
սں֮ϣΪ١
ǹͿ֡
μүүĶҶṵ̂ģҲûżǴµĽϵ鶼һ֮󣬱˳˼
ȻүүԼѧսôȻүүĵԾѡ񹥻ս
ҲרǳֿȭֿѡǶҶ˵𲢲ԡ
ѪսУͨһѨѾʳָһôȵᴩѨ֮˶Ǳôκ͵սʩչ
ΪǸѪɫӰгеıʵҶйؽսǺܸȤģҲ֪ĿǰԼΪȵʲôʱǿˣٿñ
ͨһ֮Ҷ¶һ΢ЦʼԼѡ
Ҷ֪뷨ʲô˶ģ뵽ģ޲Щĸ֡
գҶѡһΪͨģܱΪսĹս
֮˵ܱΪսΪûʲôֻǽ߶θõĿơ
ܹΪУնƺɽӡ
ҶԪҶѡսϼԳ鴤˼£ȻҶһ΢򵥵ģҲû뵽ӾȻôһ򵥵ս
ҪһְɣҶԪίȰʣͬʱսӦò󡣡
ˣүүѧսȥѧսɣ
Ҷ뿪ıӰҶԪ¶˿Цõı顣
ҹ˾֮ʱҶٴγ˺ɽɽ֮ڣȻڼ嶼֪ǷˣϰڰĻԼС
ʱ䣬ҶĿ˼飬סҪͿھȵȣڣȻҪúһˡ
ʵҶѡսҲԼɵġ
˵ȻκβλܵôսҲνˣȥսնúͿƣϾӡĸͬҲսĸ
÷ҶҪ󣬶ĸʽҶҲľ
ǽʵ廯
նǽΪ
ƣγУ
ɽӣͬʱγС
ӡǽţӡͿԽʵ廯ȻҶѾӵаӡҪ۳ʵ壬ҲҪģսҶҪģڽҶԪû룬ȻͻԼıӵʵΪˡ
һҶ֮Уաķ


16 Һı
Ҷ棬еּңʱּ֮УȻ޼ҵļٺĶ޽ܡ
֮ȴǶѾǹˣ޼ҾȻΪּҵϿͣҪǴȥǼϡˡ
ּҼַϾٵ֣ҿҪˣȻĻǺܿҪҶˣ
ʶҶʵԼ˶Ҷҵ࿴ּҺ޼ʶΣͷҲʱ˼Թһ
ٵͷ˵Ķ԰ǰȻҶҵʵǿһ㣬ٳûƫ̻˭Ҷĳ֣Ȼ˳ĺøУǿɾʹˣζԸҶأڵҶҶгѰ
ַһЦַĺǲܶԸҶе̲ҶֻҪ֪ĽҶҶȻͲƣ߽ˣ
ʵȷˣױʮӡĸ֣һк̨Ը·
ҶȻţҲֻӡҵʵֻҪɳӡĸ֣ɽ
ֵ˼ǣɱҶȻ̧ͷ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ֮˲꣬Ĵû˭˶ɥַ徹ȻҪɱҶ뷨ʵһ
ַ¶֮ɫҲɱҶΪ̫ˣʮӡȥպǰ;ԲʱգҶ򻹻֮𣿡
üͷ˼ȻûַĺҲַ֪˵ʵҶұʵͱԼҪǿҶ˳ɳҪ̲ԼҾԲʲô¡
֮ҡҡͷ취вͨҶھԳҶҵıôܻлȥԸҶԪϼһʵҲǿܲȥҶ͵Ϯɣ
ٵĻʵѾͬ顣
ַȻڳһгģֻҪִӦôȻҵᡣ
ַ̬е㲻һҪҪԸҶҾ͵ó磬ʱϵԽãԽֺ֪ʱҵᣡ
ַĴЦַİɣ֮󣬻ˣңɱҶҲκץѱ
ٺɵĿַ壬ʵڲΪλ˵ţԼҲûа취ֻĻˡ
ʵַ֤ȷû˵󻰣ڶϣپͽӵݷ׵һ
ɭ֮ӴܳһֻƷޡ۲ԳĿǰѾҶڵɭΧҪ콫ֻ޻С
ȸ½֮ϣ֮⣬иָĴڣȻ֮飬ҲͬԼǿܶ෽˶޷ġ
һֻԼıܣֱΪ޻ޣЩǾһǻۣΪޡ
˵֮ϻиΪޣǾѾûдﵽˡ
޵ʵΪŸȼȻƷȼߣǼӡǣҲһܹʤ㡣
ҶԱҶҺɽһСɽǴڼᴩ˴ȸ½ɽ
ɽ֮У˼ټǧ黨ݣҲͺöޡ
ֻЩ޶ɭֵԽɭ֣磬ܳôǸ޴вһҪɳ֣ϽΧˡ
ٿ֮󣬵ַΪʲôгˣȻֻƷ޻ӴܳȻּйأֻе벻ּͨôδ֪˵ѵּҹ⽫ֻ޷ųģ
˵Լƽտ⣬ʵսʵķҵĵƽֻܺԼеֵܽñһʱ˴˶ҳȫܽʵս
ˣֻƷ޵ĳ֣ҶұȻҶոӵӡŲμΧ
Ȳ̫Σգʵսľ飬ѵõĻҶԪܷŹġ
ïܵļյɭ֣ҲǷɻµõص㣡
Ȼϣַ͹һȻ޼ңʼıĴˡ
ҶԪŶ׵ϲ¶΢ЦԼö֣ӵʵս飬û뵽ˡ
ڶһ磬ҶңŸԼеľӢɭ֮⡣
ȻΧޣϾֻƷޣʵޣҵ峤ûгֱ֣ɸԵĳӴӣҶҶӣʣµľҶҶᣬҶҶܹˡ
ҵҲ࣬һӣĶӣҶȴע⵽ˣĿһڿԼʱϾȻ¶һּΪ˷ܵɫ
Ҷ΢΢һ֪Ϊʲôһ˿õԤУ
ȻҶԪڣҶΪ֮ףȻҶзȨ
Ҷڳ˹Ϊλβ֪ΪΣɭ֮оȻܳһͷ۲ԳӳΧôƱػҶݷǵϰǴֺԳҳ֣ЭͷޣʱȻ۹͡
īƤЦⲻЦĵҶ֣ҶүӼȻûǿҪĵ㣬ϾƷҲʵˣּȽˣ
˵ַ֮һּ֣ˣȽɭ֡
޼ҲҶһ֮󣬴޼ˣҲɭ֡


17 ۲Գ
ȻȺ֣ߵȴ򣬱Ͼɭ󣬷ɢ޵ĿȻҲԽ
ҶתҶ˵Ҳȥɣȥ֮ǰһһ飬֮ǧܵжҪҵĻҶ⣬ǱϾǵһʵսСΪϣ
Ҷ֮⣬֮ǰйʵսҶ¶˷֮ɫεԳڴͷ
˵ı飬Ҷ첻ЦҡҡͷҲǴôģȻܹ⼸ӵ飬Ҳ˵һȣ߽ɭ֮С
ѡȫͬķһ·֮ϣҶĵ˽Ÿ׷ټɣǸΧһЩ۵˿ƶϳܴڵΣպޡ
Щ鱾ѧģҲǸģ֪֮ѾҪԽɭֵΧʱûз˿й۲Գټ
ǰԶɭ֣Ҷüͷ΢΢ǽԼӵоӡҲⴳ룬ֻܵΪֹ
֪û۲ԳԼ˽ǰһˡ
Ҷ׼ĸߵʱ򣬺ȻԶԶһŭĺ˳ͬʱһæѭȥɭ֮С
Ҷ˷ܵĵ󲮣ǲ۲ԳĽǰ治Զ
Ҷֻӡʵ˵Ӧģӵ蹭ټһô֮£Žһˡ
ҶϸƬ֮дǷ۲Գ֮ڡ
Ȼ֤ʵ۲ԳĽƫƫɭֵΧ֮УҶ֮С
Ŀ꣬ȥɱɣʵڲģȥɱɣҪأɭֵΧ
ҶȴЩ˷ܵĵ󲮣ǻʲôһҪ޼Һּҵǿɾֲˡ
ϴҶҲŵȥɣ
ҶҶȻû˵ϵıȴҲǳԾԾԡ
Ҷ죬룬޶ɭǾֻǽΧһľ룬Ӧòʲô°ɣ
Ƭ֮ҶڵͷãǾȥ֮˭Ҳ뿪ԶȻҷź򣡡
ʮҶҷҲǲĴ˸˵ҶˣæĵͷʾԲ뿪ҶԶ
ҶŴСɭֵΧȥ
۲ԳĺȻʱʱ𣬶ԽߣҲԽ˵˺֮ľѸٽӽ
һɵѪ֮ζ˳ŷҲ˹ټɭ֮ϡ٣ɭСˣվֱ߶ֲֿĸо
ڣҶеڣôĸðսɭֵΧһҪ˭ʲô£ԼҲҪˡ
ϧǣѾˣΪ˼ͬʱ˴ʮ׿⣬һֻ߳ףļȿĺɫԳһ˫Ѫɫ۾֮У͸ŨŨ׹⣬ݺݵĶԼˡ
Ʒޣ۲Գ
ڿ˴еĿ꣬ҶҲѸٵ侲ʼ˵жҶҶҶḨҶҶߣ蹭Զ
֮ǰү⽻ɱҪΪҶõԲŻİš
Ҷе㲻⣬ȴѾѸٵĸ͸λҶǰҶҶ־ңųΣ׼۲Գȥˡ
ȻʱҶȻȵţ
ҶҶ᲻תԼĸףֻҶɫأֻҲ΢΢⶯ţΪ֪ΪʲôҶֹԼˡ
һΪ΢̤۲ԳıԶԶ˶ûҶҶȴͬʱˡ
˶ʱŲҲѾ˵ǰ
һ̣Ҷ֮⣬˶ɫҶҲ⡣
Ϊֻ۲Գı󣬺Ȼֳֻ۲Գ
ֻܹ۲ԳʮֻѪ۾̰Ķǰ࣡
ôֻ۲Գ
ҶĶͷѾ亹ð˳
˴˵ֻһֻôֶֻ
ʱҶѾûжʱȥ⵽ôˣΪиҪҪ
ֻ۲ԳҶˣϿƾУʵȴˡ
Ҷһˣ蹭ֻ裬۲ԳصǷǵϣԲ
ΣҶҶ֮⣬Ҷ˶Ǻʵս飬ҲҶҶŸԵӡֻܹҶԲܵһֻ
ٵķ֮ҶѾʼˣҶһҶסһֻҶҶǸסһֻʣֻңҽս֮ǰֻ취סǣǧҪӲƴ֪֪
ǣӦǶףڿɲƽռĴˣʵʵ֮սԲСģͿܶ
ãϣ
£ҶжȻһХͬʱѾͬһ֧֮㣬ȳǰֻ۲Գ


18 ν
ҶϣͨХܹҵ˸ĻͻΣա
ҶҶᶼеţµľҶˣϾʮ꣬Ϊ͵һ˿̽ŵѾ˵ˡ
ֻҶ΢΢һЦȻ˵Ҳȥˣ
ҶҶҲ˳ȥ
ҶΪ֮иҶҶ׳˵㵨ҶﰵԼܵܶ£ԼʮˣȻ³ԳҡҡͷҶãչ˺
ҶѾֱӭ۲ԳҶҶҲƴʱֵ׼
Ҷһȣ嵽۲Գߣ˫۴󿪴ϣ˫֮ͬʱһ֮ȻѸٵ۳ӰתۼѾֻ۲ԳȦԼĹΧ֮ڡ
Ȼ۲ԳߣҶǾӡĸ֣ܹʵ廯ǽһĿγɸ״۳ĵӰ̶˿Ѱ
ৡ£ѪȻѾֱֻ۲Գ
󲮵ͣҶвҲǷһɺûֱԼֵʳָճȭȭͷ֮ϱһŰɫâƺ֮㣬ݺݵһֻ۲Գȥ
Ȼ˵Ҳֻ֣۲ԳҶĹȻмܣǵͷܣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ҳģβֻ۲Գ׷˳ȥ
ȵҶٶȽֻ۲Գеʱ̧ͷȻ֣ѾʧȥҶӰ
Ҷɫٴαˣ
ҶҲ֪Լ˶Զǵǰֻ۲Գ֮ͣʶԼѾҶҵѾɢ˿Լܶ뵽ɭֵ
ҶûоţԼѾһεˣûʲôܹеźͺ¡
ʱֻƽעǰֻ֪ΪʲôԼһ·񱼵۲Գ
۲ԳƺҲ쵽ǰಢηԼҲûΧҶ׵ľ룬ʼƵתȦ
ò˵۲ԳǺܴģֿûκתȦܶʱܸϵѹһֳܲסѹôʱˡ
ܿϧ۲ԳҶ
Ҷվԭظûжǵ۲ԳƵıʱҲûתƺ׼ֻ޲ڱ󹥻Լһ
ʵҲȷˣ۲ԳҶתȦ֮Ҳе֣࿴ģôôǿĳһԼһΣյĸо
ڣ۲Գʧȥģ׳֫ڵϿٵƶţ˲Ϣ֮ѾҶǰ̧һֻǰۣݺݵҶȥ
֮ԱΪۣΪһ˫۰ͬɵһ㣬Ӳӡ˱һ£ҲܵС˺
Ҷû׼ܣϷһ˿ЦͬʱеѾȫԼ֮ϣӭ۲Գۣ˹ȥ
˿һĻ϶ΪҶˣ
ҶӡҲԲӦȥ۲Գֱ۵ӲȣǸΪ
䣡
һֻŽǿ׳ֱۺһֻޱȵֱۺݺݵײһ
ʱƺֱֻͣͣ۾ͣ˿С
Ȼ˲֮۲ԳȴǼٵԼ˫ţܿ쵹˳׿⣬Ѫ˫֮УԵĶһ־塣
ҶȻɫ䣬ȴ̲סĵĳ鶯һ¡
ԼеˣɵȻԺ۲Գ࿹⣬Լұ۱ײ֮ʹѡ
۲Գæ˵ӣ״̬ҲǺòȥ
ʵҶĿǰӡʵҪ۲ԳʵǼ֮飬ҶһεʵսһҪ飬ȫʩΪɲŹõĶᡣ
Ҫһָͷͽ۲ԳˣǻʲôȤԣ
Ҷ˦˦첲¶˵һ΢Цһȱȿ˭󣡡
ƺҶĻ۲ԳĿȻһȻŲǾ˫ۣҶݺݵȥ
Ȼ۲ԳʧˣΪҶûҪٴӲӲĽˡ
Ҷճȭ֮Ϸһŵİ׹⣬Ȼ۲Գظ֮ϡ
飡
𣡡
۲ԳĿзһԼʹŭٴοٵ˶ȥҲͣԼҶȭͷеĵطĿ
Ȼһ˺ǲС
һӲӲǴƽ֣ڶΣӡ֣㣬ΣҾҪӡˣ
Ҷڶһһһ˵һٴĬ֮ϵĹâȻǳһࡣ
û۲ԳӦֻҶϱǶĹâѾȭͷһ׹⣬Լ˹ȥ
飡
׹ٴλ۲Գظǰ˵λãֺ۲ԳټҲصһɳȥ׶Զݺݵˤ˵ϣؿ֮ϺȻһȭͷС˿ڣðѪȻûҲԶˡ


19 ֱӴ
ôһûأ
Ҷüͷ΢΢˵ȴʵԭΪƷ۲ԳʵӦÿԼһ󣬲û뵽ȴԼӡµһȭС
ҶոµͬʱȻһտɭϿ
ͻҶɫ΢΢һ䣬ת˲ȴѾָվԭأȴ
ৣ
Ҷǰһ£ɺڽˡ
ˣҶһݣ²ǵݣ᲻޵ˣ
˭
Ҷķʣλȴһ仰˵˴˶һۺѾ˫˫ǰͬʱ˹ҶоͿŴʮľ޴ȭͷԼ˹
ʵ廯ӡֲ
ߣ
ҶǰҶô˿̣λӡֵĺ֮£ֻбĿˡ
ڵҶǵĿһʳָӭˡ
Ҷ뷨ֱӴʳָɱһȻٶԸһʱȴȻı뷨
ֱԼʳָݺݵĻұ߹֮˵塣
ۣ
飡
ͬʱ
ȻҶʳָɹĻһˣٶȴ˰ģֻ㿪һ˵Ĺһ˵Ĺ
ӡĸ֣ɲǸղŵ۲ԳˣȫһҶϣʱðǣͷͣҡ֮Ծ޷סΣ˳Ĳǿվȡ
˦˦ͷҶ˲ϲ鿴Լƣ̧ͷԼ֣һϲһ˿Ц
Լʳָеλӡĸ֣֮ѾһѪ˿ڣ˿ֱӹᴩ壡
Ȼ˿ڲҶʳָλãȴǶԷĵ
ﱻһϾͱҶ֮ǰ״̬ΪһˣһѧѾȫĻΪӰ
һ˿ԼͬƣһҶҲһ˿𾪣Ҷúݰ
ԷҺԼ֣ҶȻԼзɿתͷȴЦŵҲݵĻղһ¾ҪҵӦ˰ɣҪҵԣҪûˣ
˵ͬʱȻҶǰһָһֱӻ׿ǸԼ˵˵Ķϡ
һҽ⧲֮£䱻УѪעͬʱҲ¶ԼĿ
ҶҲ¶𾪣޼ҵˣ
ʱǡৡҶǰֶӰǣҶϵ𾪱㻯ΪЦΪֵ٣ַ壬Լһͬһµˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾˣνɱޣһϲݳһıĿΪ˶ԸԼ
ԭҶҲ׵ĺܣԼڱеǿвңԼˣҶ˵൱Ĵò˼꣬ͻᱻҸ
ôλ㲻ȥˣ
ЦҶҲϵʵղ֮ûõɱǵⷽʽǵİлԱһʵʵ֤ȫȷġ
ֻҶһ벻ͨǾֻ۲ԳԼֻԼһ·۲Գô£
ѵ˵ӵп޵
ܣĻҶﻹңֻʣһҶˣ
Ǿǡ
ҶĿתǸٺַһֵĺˣ
ڳֵͬʱѾ˱Ҷһָͷ˵Ǹ˵ߣϸĲ鿴ƣһ֮£ٵ岻΢΢Ĳ
ֱӣٵоⱬ䣬ĶҶһһĵҶ죬Ҳ뿪ɭˣ
޼ҳٺĳ޻ֱʮغ;ӡ⣬ǵľӡٵֵͬܡ
ӡݷ֮ҲǸˣû뵽ȴҶȥΪ˷ˣ޼˵ʵǸ൱Ĵ
ԭԼ޼һܺҶңּҷͥ񣬵ڣҶң޼Ҳֻϥּ֮£˵Ҷһָͷǻٵ޼ټʮѪŬ
ҶѾ˵ƿȻҵļһλӡĸ֣ɫƽĵҸղ˵ˣҪҵԣҪûˣ
ʱʼû˵ַ岻ЦҶҶһСˣԭΪֻӡû뵽㾹ȻǰˣΪӡܴô˵ǰ𣿡
ܹһָͷϰӡֵĵȻ֤ҶҲǰӡ


20 ٷһ
Ҷûд𻰣ȴڿٵתͷԲΪкܶҪڴ֮ǰκ˶ܶ
Ҫ˵ǰߣҲ΢΢ҶھܵŰ취
Ҳ첻Ҷʾ֭˼ʱ򣬺ȻԶһƳХҶ֮ĸ˶ɫ
֮ǷѾ˼ҶΪ˱ܣΪɵĹԲ˿һȥҶҿ϶ԼƴܾҲŹԼ
ټصҪϻˣϽɱȻʬ𼣣
˵Ǹûж֮⣬ҵ˼ͬʱ˹
ǿҵľڿл۳ʽıӰݺݵҶ˹
Ҷֻ뾡ܵʱ䣬ȻղŴХ֪Ƿں֮ڣֻҪ˳֣ԼڵľӦ⡣
ҶٴҲӲλֵĺһֻܴæȥֵʳָȴȻȫȫָ֮ϡ
Ҷƴ˳׿⣬ǿһ֮λָϢʱ䣬ڶѾһΣҶ֪ԼҲˣֻһҧʳָ̧һͬƥĹâֱӱࡣ
һâӭ˵ĹǺݺݵĴ͸˵һγֵλּҵİӡֵĵ
໣
ҽڱϵλּ֮ˣ˫֮͸¶ķŭ;ȣҲţҶָȻڲ¿ԱǵôԶľ롣
ҶȻٴηϵһλ֣ȴѾû㿪λֺĹ
Ѿ۳һˮͰϸţҶѾԽԽˣ
ҶĿȴûпţĶŶĸˣ
ʱ˿̣Ϊƽƽ֮ȴһ̡
Ҷַ˶Ĵ˸Լ֮ԼԵķ·һˣһֻɵҰޣ
ĸ˵Ժ֮вԼͬðͬͷʲôѵ˵ʲôûʩչ
Ҷо
ûУڵȷڷΪԼپܵӶһ˿ķͬʱҲΪ׼
ߣ
κ֪Ҷڵ뷨ԻΪˣֺУҲˣﻹߵĿܣ
Ҷһ̣ǿźɫѪΣ
ﱻϵѪζ޸ôԼһܵصˣֻҪߵĻҲѪο԰Լָƣ
ȻҶûʮİգ·ߵ£ֻܶһΣ
ͻȻһͬıȻԿ𣺡ס֣
ȻһжѾ̫ˣ˵һѾصĻҶ壬ҶֻؿǱһͷԶײһ㣬һѪͬʱҲ֮󵹷˳ȥ
ͬʱҶǿźɫѪΣȻҫ۵ĺ⣬ҲǾڣֱӴ͸Ҷ壬֮ϣͬΪһɫĹâսһ
ͻҫۺ⣬ַ̼˲΢΢ۣȵ۾ʱȴֱԼ˺жɳȥҶǵûеڵϣͬһɫһɭֵȥ
ҶȻԼ˺ˣ
ʵû뵽ҶԼ˵һ֮󣬾Ȼܣɫһ䡣
ַһ׷
ǵǰѾͬȰĳһɫӰֺͬڽס˱Ŀ
ñ۹һɨ֮ȻͣǸַһֵ˵ϣĵ˵ô۲Գԭӡˣ
ַ˵ɫһ䣬ǸΪӡ˵ϵĺڽҲ΢΢һ˿ȻҲǼΪ𶯡
ѣȻˣҲˣ°ɣ
ַĿѣصͻȻ֣Լ˾ͲᱻϵҲŽԷˣ
˵ͬʱѾ˫ȻſޱһŴźֵ˶ͷ¡
ƾǣ֣ǵûɱҶҶܵˣԼӡ֣ҪǣҸطĨɱˣ˼ﶪۣˣ
һȻѾԾֵķΧֱӳҶߵķ򣬼׷ȥ
Ҳ׷ַס׷ˣ׷ˣҲĶ֣ǳĸ֣
ҶˣղǸҲǣ׷ô죡
ַ˸ĹâżҶǵһ㲻ҲˣߵĵطɭֵޣǶǶ֣ѵǾпܻŻ𣿡
⣬ҸоƺҲΪץҶӦòὫ֮˵ȥģȸԻȥװʲô¶ûзӣ䣬ߣ


21 ˮĴ
ַǸɴ࣬˵֮̾ͱԼλѾɷ˵ֵܣӡ˳һȥٿǵıӰ޵ҧгݣ
飬Ҷ͵ʴףһλӡĸ֣ȻҶ˴ߣҶĻôּӡη壬Ҷ¾ûԼ޼ҵ֮ˡ
֮޼ǿˣ
޺޵ĶһźҲֻܴѸ뿪ɭ֮лָƽֻеֻѾȥ۲Գʬ塣
ʱ֮һӵĽŲ𣬽һȺҲ嵽Ϊ׵ҶҵļҶԪ˿ɫ࣬ҶȴһȻ
Ҷֻ۲Գ֮󣬾ͷҶʧˣҲҵ̰ԼŮֻҽͳɭ֣Ǽ̻ؼүүԼɭмѰҡ
ҶԪ֪ҶʧٵϢʱȻŭ̴Ҷðɭ֣ѰҶ䣬ķʱ֮ãҵˡ
Ҷڼǰٵļһ۲Գʬֻ۲ԳӦþǽҶߵֻӦǱҶɱˡ
Ҷۼ⣬ָŵһѪүүﻹѪ
ҶԪɫĶŵϵѪú˺۲Գֵĺۼ֮⣬Ӧû˽ˣ죬ûмҵˣ
ûУ
Ȼȥ̷ͣͬʱæܻѶۣһҪҵ
ʵҶԪԼ뵽Ҷʧ٣ܿܺйأû˿֤ݣʱҲûа취

ҶȻˣҲԼɳȥһɲǣǸͻȻֵĺˡ
ֻʱѾУˣֻģĿ¶һ˫۾Լ֮УԼ˫۾ֱ˲ѣ
ˣֻܰԭȵļƻ񱼣ͬʱҲѾûжľȥ˼۾˵˭ˡ
ڵֻһͷӣ
˵ħƣӵ˶ԽԶԽã
Ҷ˵壬п֧ţɭֵԽԽԶֱǰͻأĳһò
ҶѾˣ˫ҲĻɢȻ۾˴֪ԼӦö㿪ȫܿƣ˫Ÿ޷ıԼǰ·ߣӲĳŴײ˹ȥ
ৡһȻͬˮһ㣬Ҷײͬʱ֮ϹķһҶ徹Ȼֱӳ˴֮Уʧˣ
ҶʧɲǣһҲΧտյֻһÿõĴȻƾʧȥҶӰиֳһԻ
Լһ·Ҷ׷ۿϾҪ׷ʱôҶͻȻʧˣ
ӰʧϢĲ׵ʧˣô£ѵزɣ
Ȼԭת˼Ȧ֮󲻵òε˸򣬼ǰȥʼգûע⵽ǿþף˿κζߵĴ

ɭ֮еĳطȻһһϮµŮȣС粻ʳ˼̻һ㣬С
Ȼ̧ͷűʮϣȴȻһ·ֱӻұǵĳ̺ۣĻٵ
Ůıϱһ¨ţÿ߼ͻӣڵŵһҰ֮Уγһı¨
Ůתһô֮󣬺Ȼ֣ǰ治ԶĵϾȻſһˣһ֮󣬼æ˹ȥ²鿴һ¶Էʱһϵȴͻأ𣺡𶯣
ţһձͻȻǰŮһָϵ˵үүôˣ
ֱߵ˵ԱߣӣָĲ֮
Ƭ֮ջָüͷ΢΢£ȻϢ΢ˣھȻһɼΪǿڰ˴ǿ󵽾ȻԷҵ
ʱŮҲ˹үүȻˣҲܾ罫ȥƺ֮뿪ɣ
߿Ů¶˴Ȱ֮ɫεȴЦЦãҼĵˣģȥ
£߼ΪĻ˻֣ſŵǸ˾ȻƯ˿УֻεһߺŮǰƮȥ
үүôأ
ӣӦʲôΣգǱ޹ˣԷ񱼣Ȼ֮УҲµӰľС
˵Уһһ٣ͬǸƯڿеӰʧˣ


22 չ
ȻƬޱ޼ʵĺѪѪϿȻվλصѪɫӰձ
ֻεӰǾվ趯еıջȥ
ֵǣȻѪɫӰ豦ĶҶȴ޷ƶĹ켣
Խ壬ҶԽżԽżԽ壬̲ס̧ӣҪŬĿһʱ򣬺Ȼؿ֮ϴһ˺ѰľʹȻ۾һ˹
ǰûѪҲûѪɫӰеֻһʮּªݶһɵζǶˣͬʱһͬҶĶ𣺡˰Ҷƺأûȫã
ҶʱžԼʹѣͬʱҲԼ֮ǰ飬ȻһȻ
һؿһʹҶ̲סһƺߣͷ̹֮˶ĺ顣
ٴ𣬲Դһ˿𱸣ѽǽ㻹ְ˿˺˰ɣ£
ǿ̧ͷҶſԼһʮּªСľ֮УǰһλɫŮŮòΪֻȴһ·ֱӻұǵİ̺ۣż
ҶȻûʲôоǶȻ俴ȴҲһҲ˹ǿڵʹ࣬ſ͵ң
һ˵ҶԼһ⻹ԼôɳƳˡ
Ů˫֣İҶϣƺ뽫ȥ
ҶǸƢԭ뱻ôȥģŮȴһ͵Ȼľͽİȥҷֵ㣬үү˻ȴǾȵ㣬ԼȵԼ
ƽɣʹһ㣬ҶҲԼ󿴵Ǹ˫۾ˣˣǸ˾үүΪʲôҪһ
ŮҶˣæתȥһһ߲үүŲأ˵֣ҿʱſһϢţһ󴳽޷֣϶ᱻǳˣȻүүˣ⻹Ϊʲô𣡡
˵䣬ŮѾ˽һðŨŨĴ룬洫ҩ㡣
ҶһŮүүǸֵˡ
үүȥҩˣһͻ˵֮󣬾ͽҩι£ű𶯣ι㣡
ҶзĻᣬŮѾҨһҩᴵ֮͵Ҷߡ
ҶֻſͣŮһһ׵ĽҩιԼȥ
֮󣬶ʱһɾϮתۼֻ˯˹ȥ
ҶԣҲ֪ȥ˶೤ʱ䣬ÿǶ˶ŵһζŮҲιҩ
ڣҶٴʱ¶⣬о˵ˬٿԼڣѾȬǵˣ֮ǰƺǿһЩҲ֪ҩûǿѪεá
ôȻûˣҶȻҲڴˣһﲢûǸŮ
ԼҲ֪˶ãϽлл˼ҵľ֮ȻؼҰɣүүǿ϶ˣˣ޼ҺּңҴѲһֻģ
Ҷո´׼վʱ򣬺Ȼ⴫һŲҶıǶҲŵһɵŵ֪ӦǸŮԼæӭ˳ȥ
ǰˣǸһ̺۵Ů⣬һ̬ӣձߡ
ŮҶ֪ԼԵʱھĵչԼҲǳ˸м
Ȼʮֲϣһ˫۾ȴ峺ޱȣ֮ƺһε·ܹ͸һ㡣
Ҷߵ¶һ΢ЦСӣ˰
ҶæֱȭҶлǰ͹ľ֮
Ҷ˵ѾһΧܾȻȫǲŨ֦ܵҶնڱɭ֮С
Ҳ˵ү˾Ȼɭģ
뵽㣬ҶǳԾѣûµʱҲҪɭΧѲߣԷ޴ӳȻҶûѲ߹ûɭ֣ߵĽأʮӡҲ̫롣
Լ鼱֮£Ų·Ҳܻɭܣ
ǰԲ۵ٶˣȻܹסΪ֮ߣҲܺλڵķײˡ
Ҷûмʲô֣ҲֻǸˣֻ˱Ƚϡ


23 ү
߰ڰֵܻȫԼĹͣҲûʲôСӣǳ֣ȻӵмΪǿ֮һôãûأ
ҶףԼ֮ǿѪΣ߻˼ƺûзѪεĴڣôȻҲ˵ˣֻЦת˻ûǰմ
ʲôֲֵģҶˣ㺰үүˣҵŮѾˡ
Ů֣Ҷ÷ǳʺϣΪŮʼһʮֺŵζ
Ҷļҽ̷ǳϣԳ֮ʱ񲻿ɷϣ֪Է֮µĹһҶүү
ҶòȻӮүүĺøУתͷҲѵпȥŪСˣҺҶСһᣡ
֪ˣүү
̧ͷҶһۺݸһЦת뿪ˡ
ȻҶ׼뿪ģǶԾסɭүȴǳ˺棬ûүүѾȵ֣߳ӡ
ľ֮һ򵥵ͥԺԺеʯ£ʼġ
Ƭ֮ѾžƲ˷ŵϣȻ˺ܼ򵥣زˣÿһ˶ɫζȫǿžʮۡ
С磬˰ɣˣ԰ɣ
ҶҲȷʵˣҲ̿ʼүȻҲڳԣԿʱ䳤Եʱ٣Ҷĳ̲࣬סЦ
㷹֮үүЦʵС磬ôһܵɭ֣ѵ֪ʮΣ֮дҲµӰľ󣬿Сûˣ
Ӱľ󣿡ҶƣͻȻˣԼڻǰǿͬˮĴ
󷨣ȻҲеһʽҶһϲͨǵԼүү˵ֻеȵ˳֮󣬲пܽӴ󷨣
֪ɭֺΣգ˻˵İ㣬û취֮²ŻŲ·ɭܣүүµӰľ󣡡
˵Ҷٴεվүүһ
үүڰֵˣҲлˣҲ󲢲Ϊ㣬Ϊ˷ֹ˴룬ô˵ҲԵ
Ҷ̲סҲɻ󣺡үүΪʲôҪȷΣյģĻһҼҰɣ
үүЦŵǺǣĺˣֻʱסҪΪмζҩûʱ䣬ռ֮ǾҪ뿪ˡ
ռҩ֪ûܰæĵط
Ҷ׼үľˣȻҪΪʲôˡ
үүȻ̾˿֮һ˵꣬ȴҡҡͷЩ򵥵飬ò鷳С硣ʰһ°ɣȻ
̹ɵվʰһ֮󣬱ת뿪
ҶҲˣԷƺʲô֮ԼҲ׷ʣֻգתʵˣүүˣ
ˣ
үүĻ䣬ͻȻ洫һž֮֮ˤүүɫ䣬ҶֻǰһүүӰȻѾʧˡ
ͳٶȣҶ𾪲ѣҲҵæҲķ˹ȥ
תͥԺͿһصƬڵϣ˫۽գ΢΢ţүүȴ˫ֿٵĶ˼£һȻ۳һ֦ڽڡ
ţүүҲͬϷһ˾ſɫĵҩһԵȫ
ҶôˣҲ˵ֻһԾš
һ֮үүѾһУ𣬿ٵĻصСľУҶȻҲ˹ȥ
ķŵ֮үүüĿĵô죬ʱԽԽˣȥ궼ˣ
仰Ҷʵ̲סˣүүﵽôˣ
ȻһĿĵİ̺ۣҶȴһ˿øеģˣүү˵ܻ꣬Ȼ̲סҪŪôˡ
үүһ̾վǳȥ˵
صղŵͥԺ֮У˷ֱ֮үүĵĿڵǸĺӣճʱ򣬼ͻȻ䣬ʱҲڼңҸϻʱֻʣһˣҲԶˡ
Ȼ뾡취ȻھȻһֶҩϵİ̺ۣҲǸʱġ
ֶҩÿһʱͻᷢԭһһΣЩһֱоֶҩҪ׽ҵģֻܾӳʱ䣬û뵽Ѿһ·һˣֻٰӳ֮ҲҩĻ
Ҷүүˣίʵû뵽Ȼô


24 涾
Ĭ֮Ҷʵүү޾֮·һа취ģˣֶ֪֪ҩ֣Ҳæһ£ȻҿܰﲻæǶ취Ƕһϣ
үү̧ͷĶҶ˰֮ȻҲֶ֪ҩ֣Ѿ涾϶ɵģҵ涾Ľҩϣ
涾
ٶǧ޺ͽѣ
Ȼֶҩ֣Ҷһû˵ǹҲĳȻ涾ĵĽμסүүҲʺ϶ߣʱȥǼסһʱɣõ֮뿪
ĶʱܷҲҪĴѰҽҩԱ뽫ߡ
Ҷ˵ͷ⻹ûа취顣
ҵ˽ҩ֪ͨأ
үүƬ̺ϢĻ͵ϿǵһΪõҩҵֻҪʾӣ֪ˡ
˵䣬үүѾݸҶһıɫƣ֮Ͽһ֦ҶïĴ
֪ˣҶӹƣûж룬źá
ʱȻڴһүү˳ȥҶ
УѾѲүүס󣬱ĿӦһº̾˿ʱûˡ
ȻԼָƣ΢΢һЦүүûµģѾϰˣҶЦˡ
ʱٿŰ̺۵ȴ΢ЦҶûɵӿһ˿ۡ
۵ĸоת˲ţû£ҶҲ֪Լ뿪ˣʱ䣬ҶԼҪҷˣ뿪ڸǣȻүүȴһҶС磬һе鷳㣡
Ҷһ㶣æߵĻ˻ȥүү˵
뿪죬ȥժζҩ鷳ܲչһʱ䡣
үүڴĿ⣬Ҷﻹ˵ֻ֣ܵͷӦˡ
ǣҶʱסȻ˵չʵȫչ
ΪҶûµʱͻץʱҪԼΪٴּҺ޼Ҹ͵Ϯ顣
ҶʱҲԱ߰ĿţȻ󵽷ͻ׼ÿɿڵķˣҶ깦֮һԡ
ʼһ죬Ҷе㲻ϰߣǽϰˣҲʮ
˵ʵҶҲ̫Ͷ룬Ͼɭ֣ΣķȻүүµӰľ󣬵Ҳ˵󴳽һĽҪͷޣǵ߻ħܹΣ
ˣҶ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڷоšѪսҲĹ˸ϸ˽⣬ǹ֮Ѩλֲ
ȻڸոսӴѪսޡʱҶ֪ܹ߰ٶʮѨλܶ࣬ٶ˫ѨҲǴнҶԳƣҶͨѨ˫ֶУľǵѨ
֮⣬Ѩλ֮Ҳ֮֡
߰ٶʮѨλ֮Уһ˸ҪѨַΪʮѨʮѨ
ͨѨλ˳ûʲôرĽģΪҪѨǱ鲼ĸλ˼ȿȴͨͨѨλҶͨѨȵͨѨλȫ֮ͨٴͨʮѨʮѨ
ҲĲλΪ˳򣬱˵ȴֲͨѨλ֮ϣ侣ϹȵȼҪѨȻٴͨ۲ⲿ粿ȵȡ
֮еǸ飬ͨҪѨΪҪѨĴͨѶҪԶԶѨλ仨̫ʱҪѨϣЩʱȥȴͨͨѨλ
֮һѨλȫͨѨѨƿӶ֮
ҶĿǰѡͨѨʽǵڶ֣ΪѨλȻһƬģô罫廮ֳٽÿڵѨλͬʱͨͨһͨһȽϸɴʡġ
⣬ڡѪսӡ֮ĹϵҶҲ˸ȷʶ
Ȼڶ̶̼ʱ֮ھԼĵϰӡԼʵܷӳǿӡĹϵ󣬷ǺԼѨλϢϢء
ӡ൱һţţӵӦӡı־֣ӡı־Ρ
ûγɾӡû֮ǰҶҲӵǿŬҲ۳κ״
һţ˵ͬȾǣܷӳʮôҶΪӵѨ͵մĵطôܷӳǶʮ
ҲΪʲôҶܹ׷ϵλӡֵԭ
ҶٴͨһѨλҲӵʮ
Ҳ˵ʼձŰӡ״̬ڱͨѨλԽԽ࣬ôҲԽԽ󣬸ӡľ硣
仰˵֮ͬУҶܷӵἸˣ⻹ʩչսٴεӣ
ⲢҶͿȫӡϾֻʮӡп۳볾
ֻ۳еĴţڳĸ־жҶһֱʮֺ档
Ҷɭֵڲס


25 ð
ȻʱҶԼİΣǺ룬ԼѾϵ޼Һּλӡĸ֣ҲشǣټҶһܵ׵Լû¶֮ǰҲҶҶ
֪ԼţĻôҺܻܿͶٴԸҶҡ
ˣҶǴ⣬һҪΪȡԼǰ֮ǰҶҶҵв
оǸˣҶǵľǸ˵˫۾ȻԼΪϤȴʼ벻Ҳûٶ롣
Լ֮⣬ҶҲûԼְ𣬾չһһ֮ͻ죬̸̸ġ
ȻǸŮӣͱҶҪСһ꣬ΪС͸үү󶫱ߣĵطӴ飬ԶԶҶˣĿУҶҲ˲ٵȤ¡
Ҷе𾪵ģڸֲľֲʮ˽⣬һ겻۵Сݣܽúϰ˵
ԼĻ˵ǾòҽΪҪԸҩȻҲ˽ЩֲϰԺá
ΪҶʹһΣȴ˸˹ȥ֮ҶҲûʹˡ
Ϧദ֮£˵ĹϵҲ𽥵˴˼ĳƺҲ˸ı䣬ʱڲ֪֮š
ݷǳУһ£վľͥԺ֮У˫΢գһľͷһ㣬Ŷû˿
ǰȴһˣʼոߵλߣʱɫҲ΢΢ˣܣҲûҵҶ䡣
ƺûһȻһ֮󣬲Ż˫ۣͬĹâȻ˫֮б

һ죬ߵ֮϶ʱͬʱУһ˶ýһƬ
˫֮оȻ磬ˣһĻ˿ĻԲţǾֻʮӡĳܹġ
ȻУȴȻ˵ˣһ˿ûзӲҧǿʹࡣ
ڣ˵ˣǷô¶첻ãҪǿҶķϣҾ͸ɱ㣬˵ڸô죿
߲ˣٸһλᣬԸ⽫
ãҸᣬҪ֪ð䶫׵飬ѾĶױɲˣһµʱڣ㻹ûҵҶĻôҶңȻԾɣ
ߵ鲻Խִ˸æлˣ
ʩһ֮ߵ뿪ͥԺٴα۾ҶҶĵﱻ޳ʹϵǷǵѾȬΪͻͽӣϳֵӦøйˣŪܣʳѰ

һµʱܿҪˣҶҲ
Ϊǵүү˵ϵĶһ·һΣҲ˵ʱпܶԷûүүԣһĻҶֻĿȥˣ
ۿҪһˣҶñ˵ˣԲȥˣԵñ򶨵Ķ࣬οҶ磬㲻õңʵʮǰ͸ˣܻ죬ʮ꣬ѾǺˣ
Խô˵ҶԽܣҲֻЦŵҲģүү϶ἰʱϻģϵĶҲ϶ġ
ҵԼĸ֮⣬Ҷֶһ£Ҫ֮ҵ涾Ľҩ
ҹˣѾ˯ˣҶȴû˿˯⣬ͥԺеʯϣ۾ôģע档
һȻûдͨѨλǡѪսմ֮ȫ̽Ѩ̣ȴҶбǰǿ˲١
֮ڣһֻȶһ³ҲܸӦĵڣүүܹϽ
ʱһһĹȥʱͻȻһ͵͵ЦҶĶ˶ʱΪ֮һһѾͬһֻýԱһֱĴ˳ȥ
ЦԲүүģˣĲʲôˣҶ뵽ӵķΧ֮ڣ
ӵӰľ󣬲֪ѾͷȻҺҰҵˣٺ٣
ȻҶȥ֮ľ֮ھȻ˵ʱҶ˰ء
ԼһֱԺţոճȻ˴ľݣԼȴһоûУ֪ԷΪԶԶԼ
ԷĻ˵ҲףΪҶ֪Լ˵Ķ֣ҲԲ˺
ʲôˣҳ
ҶȻ𣬷·ĻΪһͷʳԱתľݡ
䣡
ľݵݶͻȻƷһӰ˳Уһˣ
¹֮£ҶĿӰһλˣбŵ


26 Ĵָ

ҶһУ䵽˫֮ϣŲһ㣬ݶͬʱ֮ϣһâˡ
żĴ󺰵Ҷ磬ߣҪң
ɨҶһۣûпκζҶ͸оһɱĺͻȻײԼ壬һ飬ͬʱһģ˳ʮಽԶ
Զ׼˵ʵҶ߳ʵ̫ࡣ
ʲôˣҳǸϲĺѾͷ֮⣬Ӧûˣˣɱ˵ɣ
˻£һʱоͳһεľ޴âֵǣâΧȻһ裬Юŷ·ܽضĺ⣬ХҶ
Ȼ֪УҶҲִУһҧ˫֮ͬǣ۳һ޴ͬһţԼǰ

ҶԼҶҵĲҵǱ򵥵սصĵһУ
ΪҶʼûȥӡӡȻֻаأ޷ﵽصεĵزȻҲ޷ʩչС
Ǽ򵥵ҲľڿҶе֮üë
ȻӴ󣬿¶ܺ;ӡĸͷŵ࿹ˣ
ȻҶľǵƺ͵âȻײһʱ򣬸У
Ҷʵ廯ţײʯͷļһ̼㱻˷飬ɢ˷ĵâȴû˿ˣԼٶȣҶ˹
ղŵѾҶӵеȫ˿ѾǿտҲܵûˡ
ټϵâ֮Яޱߺ⣬Ҷ˲Ϣ֮侹Ȼһ˪Ǳѩһָ޷һ¡
ǿսҶûмҲֳһ˿ʣѾĵԲûܱ㣡
âۿҪҶǰҶٲĻͻᱻϳأǧһ֮ʣҶȻоڵǿѪζȻ˿һɲ֪ӿԼ塣
ҶǰٴγƬޱ޼ʵѪѪϿյѪɫӰֱֳȻĻӶ
ΣҶˣ
˱ƶĹ켣һĿ˵Ӷ֮ʱѪɫӰ·ߣ
֪֮УҶϵİ˪˲仯̣ҲԼֱۣԱ۵
ۣ
һ˿ֻҶܹЩʼ̼ĴָѨһ̣漣Ĺͨ˿
Ѩ϶Ȼǿһֻõѹһ㣬̰ܵӿҶڡ
ЩѪɫӰ·ߣٵת
ৣ
Ҷֱ֮ϱǿĹâޱߵĺҹ
ֱ۵ػ£ӴȻըͰεĵâײһ𣬼ޱˣǰСľƷ˿
䣡
εâҶԱ۴һи׵ķ˿
˵¶֮ɫȻҶܹԼĹһʱ֮侹ȻжעҶ
Ҷһӳڸոӿ̼ٴαһգԼҲ΢΢ҡΣȻе㲻֧ˡ
ڣ˹ϸֳһ˿Сӣ㲻ˣ
Ȼ£˵ɫͻȻһ䣬̧ͷԶĺڰĵˣ
˵֮ͻȻεض̤һڹ⣬Ȼˣ
ҶĿ˵ӰԽԽԶȻҪ׷ϣȴʵ޷ܣҡ֮һѪʱһʧһµүүڳҶߡ
Ҷû°ɣ
үүҶжȻһ˿ϣæָʧķүүңȥǸˡ
̶̵һ仰˵꣬ҶͷһһѪҪȴӲȥϻǿһ˿΢Ц
үүĿҶһۺĵͷң
˵֮үүҲǰεض𣬻һâʧ˺ɫҹ֮С
үү׷ȥҶҲʵ֧Ųסˣһƨɾ˵ϣæ۾ʼڵġ
һۣҶ̸оڵǿѪ֮ϾȻɢһɵĺ⣬̼串Լڲ
İ֮£ղ˵ĵطԼٶš
һĻҶڼʶѪε
ѪεİҶҪԼˣֻҪУҲ뵽˸ոǰߵ˺үү
ˣȻͬһɷ裡
ԼǴû˵Ӧǳ߲ӵеɣ
ҶªţǸҺɣΪ˲Լĺ˵ӺøԶǵʵûдﵽӦ֮ǰǽ̫йн飬ˣҶ治֪
ʱ֮ҶѾһ룬ͬʱҲһæ۾
ǰүүȴһˣҶʱһѿڶأ


27 ֮
û׷үүɫ
һ⻰Ҷʱ絶ʣ˫ֽճȭݺݵ˵棺ңûܱ
һʱĳϦദҶĶʵѾһ˿ر㺣°ߣ޷ԭԼ
ⲻܹ㣬ʵ͸ûˣǱټһֱ취˦û뵽Ȼܹҵ°ҵĴ
үүҲ¶˻ں֮ɫݼţҶС磬ڼȥ㲻Ҫκǵ飬㲻õģȻץߣӦòΣյģҿ϶Ὣһġ
⣬ԼҲĵ㣬ȥҶ򣬼˵ǸܾﲻԾȴ˵ģû뵽
ʱүүע⵽Լ˵֮ⷬҶȴʮֵƽ¶ǹɼҪ۳ʵʵɱԼеľ
⺢ӣʲôã̫أҲ֪ô£һֱչȥպ¡
Ҷ̧ͷɫƽĵүүǾ鷳һȥɣҼҵ£һᴦģרѰ䣬⣬Ӧ֪ղǸ˵ϣң
үүԭǲ˵ģǿҶ͸ǹޱȵļᶨԥһµ֪ҲԸǸ˵ұ֤ûдﵽ֮ǰȥ

Ҷүү˵˰ɣǳɣ
үү¶һ˿΢ЦִȰҶԴǺǣ֮ϲǳҶ㻹С㲻֪ʵ֮ԶԶ֮޾ֻţôҲֻźϵһ̨׶ѣЩ飬֪㲢ûʲôô֮Ҫסˣ졣
֮ԶԶ
仰ҶǵãԼүүҲԼ˵ʱԼûзϣʱľүүǸչֳķ˼ʵԼƺе仰ˡ
°˽кع棬ûʲô£ǿµɣ
үүڣĸ
үү΢΢е㾪ȵĵ㻹֪أȻųȸ½ʮ֮һǺͱȣûʲôɱԣ
ƺҶȥүүŵˣܸҶ˵ˣӣʶһҲԵٱûʲô㣬һսûµʱѧѧɣ

Ҷˣ
ҶҵźˣҶڽɭֻɱƷʱʧһºȻˣ
ϢǳųһѸٵҶڴ˿
ʱ˿̣Ҷǹһ֣ϵҶԪµŵͯҶҵĴ֮С
үүİ£ҶһƼĸоûعȻѾվҶҵլ֮ۡУүүȴټȫޣֻһλҶĶߡ
ҶúñҸƣպ󲻹ʲô£ԵϿǵѰ㲻õģסҶ˵ĻԼأ
Ҷĳ֣ܿ챻˷֣ٴʧһ㣬ʮ˴ӵ˴õϢҶԪҲǼҴҵĸ
ҶҶѾһµĳ¶ЦݣҶʧ٣ܵľΪҶǰʧٵģҶƽµĻˣȻҲԷˡ
ҶԪͬƲסļû£һȥˣͺãͺð
Ȼով°ߵʧ䣬Ǽ˵ĹȴҶůҲ¶Цݵүү󲮣û£еˣȥϢһ¡
ɵҲܿҶ£Ȼ˵ҶҲû˸ұҶԪһ֮ͷãȥϢʲôǻͷ˵
صԼķУҶŽĹϣϣȻޱ飬ȴ˼ǧ
ΪЩɭ֮үү˵ǷӰʵ̫ˣڵûȫĶ
ҶҶ֮һ޵Ҷ򣬺ȣ޵ֲһֻϣðںûʲôɱԣ
Ǳʵж
ж
ҶѾ޷ˣ
ĿǰдŻû˵֪һЩ飬ܻܿһִǲһֿͷĴ۸Уľ΢ܻʹ˿
ҲΪʲô壬ɣڵӺ˶Ǵﵽʲô磬ŸӦ飬Ҫһһӡ̤̤ʵʵߺڵÿһܲ˴ߺøԶӶӰ쵽ǵ֮·
Ҷľ֮ͣѾԶԶͬˣξľԼЩүүЩԶԶĸǣǵûдģӵҪԽǵ
֮Ҷ¶һ΢ЦȻֻһֻ֮ܣһ죬Ҫˮһ羿ж󣡡


28 ӡ
֮ͨҶֻԼԺȻʣҲƽ·ƿţүүķȥ
Լʧһ£үүǿ϶ˣԼҲһ㽻ûС
ҶȴһȲҪɱԼ˵Ϊһ˵ҶƱػȥ𣬶ҶǿҲҵĶ֣һǼңǻ᲻ϧһеҶҡ
⣬Ҷһ˼ɣ۲ԳΪʲôҵĿƣȻǲ߱ôһ˰ּ֣ȻܹޣʵȻǿûŪֺҵĹϵ֮ǰҶҲ
ȻҶܲģֻҪȷԼ岻µ£Żȥ
ҶԪķ֮ǰžȻǴţҶԪҶվſڣҶת˽ȥӣƺ֪Ҷһһֱڵš
߽ȥûҶڣҶԪѾղ˶࣬Ҳûϸʣϸ˵˵һµʲô£ҪǸѵĻߣҷź򣡡
һ仰˵ҶһղűõĻ˲ͱ׵˾⣬ӵ˵ҷǱκ޶ҪֲĴڡ
ҶȻйҵֻǸĳˣԼսУԹȥүү˼ʱ֣Լߣһֱɭ֮
ҶԪҶ֮󣬱˴˶һۣҶȿڵʵڿֻ۲ԳʱҾ;òԾϸ룬Ӧ˹ʹԸǣӦ˵ǶԸģȸ½֮ϣ֪ܹ޵ģֻӡ壡
ӡ壿
ҶҲͬĻɣڴ󲮵Ļȴʱˣֶң϶ӡæֻû˵塣
ҶԪΪҶ͵ӡһ壬ҲһɣΪܹʹķʽʹѱ޶ȸ½ʵΪǿ󡣡
жǿҶʵ
жǿҲ֪϶ҼһҪǿĶ࣡ҶԪҶһֻۣ벻ͨΪʲôҪ֣
Ҳ
үүʹѯʣҶһҧԼʲôҲ֪
ȻʲʲôټҶҲȷƽˣҶԪҲʱ׷ˡ
Ҷ뿪ʱҶԪȻˣʧٵӣ˻ԹʹϢǹģȻˣ͸ȥһ˳˰ɣ
뵽ףҶ鲻ԽľүүԼѣе㲻Ծ
жߵǸߣ˫η۾
ʱͻȻһ绮ҶԺˣԼջǰǸ˵۾λߵ۾
Ҳ˵ǸͻȻֹ֣˶Լ׷ɱ
ΪʲôǸʱ֣ﲻԾˣҶӵɻ
û
үүҾͲȥˣһҶûôúҪץʱչˣˣвһˣ
仰֮Ҷ˫ˣҶԪҶͬʱҡҡͷ
Ȼ֪һꡱ仰壬ҲΪ仰޷ܾҶҪ
ϾڵѡҪҪĶˡ
ٴλصԼķ䣬Ҷĳ˿ղںүү󲮵Ľ̸Уеķ֣ʵүүӦòµԼεҸĹֻûȷʵ֤ݣҲʲô
ҿҿڷȻҪ¶ˡҶңӡ壬жǿأڱΣңǱΪӡΪǳͿң£ʱǶ죬ʵߵ㣬ǵˣ
ףλߣҾʲôĿأ
ȵҹ֮ʱҶͬǰһϢ뿪˷䣬ƽеĵط
ȻĵȬѾ˽֪ˣҶ֮ҲԹУڡѪսԣҶǸϲС
һ¶ûôúѨԼͨˣҪϽץʱ䣬ˣ
۾Ҷ֮Ϻܿľ͸ֳһĸȫĽɫ·֮ǰͬڻҶ˫ϵĽɫ·֮ѾԶʮ㣬ҶѾ̽ʮѨλ
ֱĴָѨʳָѨָгѨָسѨСָٳѨ
ΪԣܹʮѨλ
ĿǰҶѾֵͨѨѨҪľǼָͷϵѨλ
ҶĿʼͬʱٺַٴּһͣɫŵ˵ҶûҺ˵Ļˣ
ַ΢΢һЦϵĲˮһڲŻĵҶ򶼴ˣô᲻֪أ
㻹˼Ȳ裿ټҧгݵĵ߻ģڲûɱҶҸʧһӡĸ֣ҶҲˣҶӦҲ֪ˣȥô죡


29 Ҫչ
𼱰ַЦͬϺһ㣬ҡҡͷҶ֪ҪɱҶĻôѵΪڻﰲĺȲ죬ҶԪϼһƢʹƴˣ
üͷ΢ʲô˼
ܼ򵥣Ҷûн¸Ҷˣ
ɣе㲻ŵĵҶɵӣȻ㱻ɱˣںò׻ˣȻļˣ
ߣɵַصķеĲ豭ĵҶɵĿ£֮Բ˵ǲϣҶԪұΪһ˺ĻؽǸƵľ棬ʱҶңҶҿҲʣ¼ˣ
еˣô죿ѵ¾ôȥˣ
ȥȻܣҶСӲ츳ߣҲǳһȣضԼ̣ɣҶһȥҶң˵̽ҶҵҪۿҶĺ«﾿ʲôҩ
ȥҶңٵüͷҪȥˣȻһҶҪǲŴ򹷣ǿɾͲˣ
ַݺݵĵһ٣Ҫȥ
һŷԼ˵˻æˣ֣Ҳһϵƣʣôӡʶģ
Ǻǣ֣㲻Щ飬ǲҪ֪ĺ𣿡
εһЦȻֲ˵ҲǿˣǿԼˣһ磬һǰҶң
ڶ磬ٺַȻŸԵĳӣԵŰݷҶңҲҶ
ҶԴǣǰ̬һģһ˿ûʲô쳣ַԼɹ£Ƕ̲סҪɣҶǲԼҪ׷ɱ顣
ͬүү󲮵Ŀҵ뿪֮Ҷ΢΢¶һ˿Ц
̽ҵĵףߣΣȥҲǳ֮ƣϵʱԽҶԽûкôҵþӡټϴͨѨλӦԽˣ
뵽ҶҶԪүүǼǸСԺܲס
ҶԪе㾪ȵĵǼԺѾķϺܾˣôȥס
Ҫչһʱ䣡
ȻǱչأҶԪȻȫ֧֣ãͷԸȥʰʰͰȥ
Ҷ֮ҪķϵԺ䣬ǿ徻û˻ţΪҪĽҵвԲԸֻҪֵĽʱҲ
ʰ׵֮ҶͰСԺҶԪҲҶ˴кκ˶Ҷ
ԭҶ뾡۳ӡȻȫϵѨλȻܿͷһ飬ԼڵѨλյȻڵӡ
Ѿڵ֮ϣӡ֮ʱȴǶȻɢ
ֲеȻϾӡֻʱѣ߰ӡҲǷǳ˳ݣû뵽ھӡ֮ϾȻ⣡
ѵǡѪսĹӡѾЧˣ
Ҷתԭȵļ幦Ҫ۳ӡȻ޹
ĥ˰֮ҶʶˣӵˡѪսĹҲܹ۳ӡ
ӡԽԽۣκ˵һ˲Ƶ׼
֮ӡۣ㹻۳ģлҪһԣһ
Ҷܹһ۳ȷ湦ĹͣʵȴҶ֮£ƼƶؼһԵʡ
Ҫ۳ӡԵδ죡
֮£ҶֻʱӡۣתȥŬͨԼѨλ
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ۡһֱӶǽڣˣгѨҲͨˡ
гѨĴͨгѨһ˿Ѩͬǰ˿ѨһҶȫ֮ʧ֮С
ѨҶûй⣬Ѩܹ۳Ѩ֮󣬲ãڴ֮ǰȫӡ
ȻεѨȴ֮ͬҶԵһں޵ĺ֮Լ֮д˳
裡
ͬʱǿŲƽոѪҲһź⣬ҾһţһɫӰӾȻѪ֮г˳
䣡
һ֮ҶıǶ˴һŨѪ֮ͬʱǰȻһߴӰ


30 ţͷ
ͻȻҶǰĲһˣһţͷĹ߽ӽɣ˶ţͷѾ컨壬λεţֻҪһܽݶ󶴣Ǿ޴ıǿһ磬ɫŨðŹˡ
ֵǣ徹Ȼ͸ģһһʱը
ҶԵĸоһɾ޴ѹȸдĵȻ嶼޷
Ȼе㾪ţҶȴȻ򶨣˫۳䱸Ŀв˼ţôԼõǿѪ֮ܳѵ˵Ѫεˣ
ţͷǿ֮Ե¶һ˿˷֮ɫҲڿǰ˵ͬһӤҶ
һţţͷﾹȻԣĵôôСѲħۣ
ħۣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ħʲô
ҶشţͷֽŵΪҲʵ̫˰ɣţɱͬһֻһôܹΪħ۵ģ££ħ۴أιСʵ㵽˭ħ۴Ūȥˣ
ţͷԽԽ죬ҶĶУֱ൱ڴһ㣬һ
ҿҶҶĶԺ֮УȻͳţͷܽҶ˶ǿô֪Ҫ𾪳ʲôˣ
ţͷѯʣҶ֪λشһˮʲôħ۴ˣ
СȻҲشҵ⣬ǲûнţүүﰡţͷ￴Ҷ˵ʱšüۣǿ֮Ũ
ҶȴķˣţͷզȴûҪԼֵ˼뵽ղһ־ԼǲħۣҶԼ˵ʲô
Կ
ҶȻһ壬һߵ󵨣ţͷ֣Ȼ֪ħۣ̬Ⱥ˵𣡡
Ҷôһȣţͷһ֮ϵɫȻóģٺ٣ħϢŭħϢŭСţֻѪ֮б̫ãħ۷ų̫˷֮£еΡ
ѪħۣѪΣ
ҶԺѸٵķţͷֵĻЩʻ㣬˸󵨵Ʋ⡣
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Ѫ
ҶȻһٴǸ˵־أط־ģ֮¾һޱѪһƬѪ󣬹Ѻ׼֮ˡ
ֻǣֻǸ˵ţͷּȻѪҲ˵˵ˣ
һ̣ҶԼеˣԼԵɺ֮µõѪΣԼõһĹҾȻõ˴˵еѪ
ʱţͷֵٴ𣺡ħ۴ˣȻѾƹѪ֪ܷСţҲų
壿
ǰֳ͸ţͷ֣ҶȻʶò˵״̬ɣ
ҶٴγĬţͷֵıǿ֮ŨŨḷ́Ҳ˱仯ô㶼С㱻ڿˣߣԭֻǵõѪħ֮λʮǧأħ۰ɣɱ㣡
ţͷֻ£ĴȻҶץ˹֮ϺȻһǿ֮˲סҶҪ㿪ܡ
ۿţͷֵĴ־Ҫ䵽Ҷͷ֮ʱȻҶ֮ϱһѪ⣬һ޴ѪӰƾճ֡
裡
ţͷֵһ˿־ĲҽУţͷ֮ϵٶŤһ𣬶Ǹߴ徹ȻҲͻȻ֮仯һ̣Ѫ֮С
ѪνʧֻʣҶһǸղŷһֻһζѡ
ŵ֮ϣţͷֱǿĺ̶ýһƬӡǣҶ֪ǲΣ
⵽ô£
Ҷ۾ϸĻŸղԼָгѨ֮ͨÿһϸڣȻ뵽һ㣬Ѩ
ÿѨλ֮ͨ󣬶һ˿Ѩǰε˿Ѩû˿Ӧǽ˿Ѩ֮󣬾ͼѪ֮б⣬ͳţͷһ
ǲ˵ֻѨ㹻£ܴѪӶųѪеķأ
ղǸţͷ֣֮£ԼûУ֪ʵҲǴﵽ˳
Ѫޱ޼ôһѪ
Ѫֵ֮жٵķˣǵʵֻжǿ
ȫųĻǽһɶôӴڵ˼ԼҲÿͿģ
뵽Ҷвһ
ţҲȻԼţͷַ˳ǵԼĻҶԼ֣ɱԼѪͻȻ֣˽ȥԼ¶Ѿʬˣ
ӣԼȻ˵ֻǵõѪħ֮λźԶԶľ룡
ԶΣֻҪԼŬһտ϶ܹЩѪеķ˹ԹԼΪħۣ
ѪħۣһҶĴڣ


31 ͻƵĽ
ѨλͨټϵҶڵĸԴԴϵٶȱıңҶȴеơ
Ϊľӡ޷ۡ
ڼʶǵİεâԼԼͻȻ֮ģѪɫӰʩչһ֮Ҷʶսĺôǵӡ֮ʵ廯ҿԻκ״ӳǿĹ
޷۾ӡҲ޷Σô֮еĺж޷ʩչ
ڵҶڿһԶͬҪǿĶȴ޷󻯵ķӳȻޱȵơ
Ƭ֮Ҷɴվ˳ȥԼƣʿǣӡۣûʲôԼ֪š
ɲҶҪͶȡɣÿͻӡؿʱ򣬶Ųͬĵᣬʱܴӱ˵ĵеõУӶӦõԼϡ
ҶǲֱүүģڼתһȦִ󲮺嶼ڼңֻҶԪķ䡣
ҶҶԪЦݣôűչؼͳˣ
үүƿˣ
Ŷʲôƿ˵Ҳүүܸ㽨顣
үүڵձ֮ʱҵӡѾﵽأһ¹ȥҸоԼڵӦ۳ӡˣÿҪεһ̣ͻȻɢʲôԭ򣿡
Ϊ˲үү𾪣ҶһԼʵΪ
ˣҶԪҲǾϲˣҶϵ֮ǰֻӡŹȥµʱ䣬ҶȻҪӡˣٶȣܹŶˣ
ǱҶԪΪõҶĸףӡӡҲ㻨ʱ䣡
ȻҶԪ֪ҶʵҪӡĻƻἤĻȥ
˹ˣҶԪҲ֪ӡۣ֮ǶҪԵģ˵㹻ˮɵγɵģҶ⣬ҪһõĴ𰸡
˼˰֮ҶԪſڵӡۣʵõ;ʵսͷʱͻƵģɣҲҪżҹȥɭץֻƷƷ޻֡
õģǾүүˣҶЦŵˣ󲮺ôڼˣ
ŶҶҲֻפҶֵʸѾǰݷˣ壬ǴҶȥҶˡ
˵ҶԪص̾˿ȻҶҵԽԽˣܹõϵȴԽԽˣ
ȷҶﶼȥӪˣ֪Ҷٵȱ˲ŵľˣҶԪ̾Ϣ˼Ȼ뵽ҶĸףҶƷڵĻܹҶ֮һ졣
ĬҶҶԪΪԼᵽҶĴæ˻㿴ңϺͿˣ˵ЩЩ㲻õģȻ˸Ŀǰȫүүϣͼˣ
ʵҶ֮ǿѾҶԪȻȷǵԼĸףֻὫĻŬĶҵԼĸס
Ҷصĵ˵ͷүүæɣҼչȥˣ
ãʲôҪʱڣˣϴɹ龧ʯ˼飬ȻֻǶƷƷײǺܸߣʤޣȥɣ
ҶԪݸҶƷ龧ʯʵҶԼȫҪ龧ʯԼٶȺǱ˵ı龧ʯôĲ󣬲֪үүһƬģȻ˹
صԼСݣҶ۾Լڶ˵ʱģһ˿һ˷ѡ
ڣĺ죬Ҷҵ˻϶˯֮ҶȻ۾
ĵƿţ˫һ㣬ֱԽǽͷȻͬһֻýèһŽӰٵ뿪Ҷңɭֵķȥ
ҶȻԹԵҶԪĻڼȴȥΪԼץ޻֣ҪľǸϽͻƵӡȣԼȥɭ֡
ڰӡ˵ɭ֣ȷҪðܴķգҶȴǴͨѨλİӡܷӳ֮ͬ˵ıֻҪ뵽ɭ֮УŲʲôΣա
Բүү֪ȻҶ˨ҲͬҶȥðյġ
⣬Ҷһ뷨ԿܲҵסһµСݣүүûл
Ҷ¹ҫ֮£ȫתͬһһٵı֮䡣
Ƭ̹ҶѾվ˵Ҷɱֻ۲ԳĵطʬȻˣǿȻŵѪζ
ӣҶĶ΢΢һ¶һ˿Ц
ԼĲոսɭ֣в۵ˣ


32 Ʒ
Ҷǰ֦֮ϣһ۴ϸߣ׿⣬ɲͨߣΪ°֮ϹһȭͷСĻɫŶϻһ֦ͬһĶǣ徹Ȼһɫһɫ
׻
Ʒޣӡĸ࿹ˣ
Ҷûм׻ֻڳǵ̸֮˵Ǹֱı־Ҷܹһϳ
Ҷ֪׻°ʹʵǴû˵׻Դϻ᳤ǣҲûǰɫġ
֮Կ£ΪǶŸָе綾еˮƤǼÿ޶߱ص㡣
׻Ϊ°ϵǿźɫвл֣ܹ³ԲűΪƷޡ
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ʱ˿̣ҳֻΪ׻ɣ
Ѿת˼£ֻʳ˼ֻ޶㲻ϵҰޣ׻Ŀ͵ˡ
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ңɣ
ҶЦ׻ơ
׻ȻὫҶСһϵͻȻһʹţһҧҶ
Ҷ׼ȻᱻҧУ㿪Ĺͬʱʳָ֮һȻ
ﬣ
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һеҶϣԼȫ׷ϵӡߵĵھȻ׻𲻵˿Ч
һУҶ֮ģ뿴Ʒ޺Ʒ֮Ĳ࣬Ȼʮ־޴
׻ûҧҶһ£Ȼû˺ȴԣٴǰ죬Ҷҧȥ
Ҷæٴζ㿪ͬʱͨѨλָ֮Ϸųâݺݵ׻ߴ֮ȥ
ߴߴĵҶǶġ
ﬡһ죬ҶֻԼָǴһ۵һ顣
ָͷ̲ƤҶʹָȭȫȻһȭ׻ϡ
飡
ǴɳһҶٴαӲ˻ȭͷ֮ҲǴʹ
ƤҲ̫ʵ˰ɣƷûô̬
ʱҶеڣΪʲô׼һˣ
ȻҲѿ͸׻壬ܱԼȭͷҪɵĶడ
ҶΪԼѾͨѨλָǼӲֽս֮УʶˣһͨĵҲ϶ԼָҪõĶ࣡
ںҲûˣɱֻ׻Ǿ׼Ͱɣ
׻ŭˣΪҶһȭȻ˻ȥҶ߱ӡߵı࣬ȫȥһʯҲҳɷ飬׻ӲһҲǷһܣ
׻°ϵǸͻȻһϺɫĹâҶ֪Ҫ»Ԥˣټ֮Ǽæһܿ
Ȼ׻͹𣬡һһȭͷСĻ򣬴źХ֮Ҷȥ
ৣ
򼸺Ҷ˹ȥҶҲоһȵϢϮ
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ǰһô֮ϣʱҪһ˺ϱϸĴȻȼֻǻ沢Ǻɫǹɫ
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ôƷ޻ôǿ
Ҷ⣬֪򲻹£ҪӲƴĻǲӢΪɵ
׻ţǺڣ
仰֮Ҷʼš8ΣзɿıΪ˵ߵʱǧֱߡ
ȻոܳȥʮףҶһæԱһһŻ˹ȥ
ͷһ׻Ѿɿ䶯壬Ҷ׷ᣡ
׻ȻҲҶҪ֡8ε·ߣԿв赲Ҷٶȣ
Ҷһܣһ߻ҪʱעĻٶȻܵ˼Ӱ죬ٴδʱԱһ
βǻˣһӲεĽ
׻Ѿ׷ҶΪ˺úٴͣס׼ȫĹȻٽУ
屻סҶʱ˵˵ϣ׻ĺҲ̸ϣӴҶĲ
˶ͷö׼ҶԴͣµţҶеȳ֮ζǴҶıӡ
Ҷס˺þҪ׻Ĳ֮ѳ
׻ʵ̫ˣҶ̵ľʹˣȴ޷ֺ
ܿ죬Ҷǰľģ֮ҲѪͷѹĿ֨죬ۿҪˡ
Ҷʶɢһɲǣ׻Դյǰ°ϵǿŻɫҶͣ
Ժ֮УҶҲ֪ͻȻſͣһھͺݺݵҧ֮ϣ


33 ɫ
ҶԺ֮䣬ҧס׻°ϵǿźɫʱһɹ̵Ϣ˳ʹ˸УƾðһŴһ̼䶼͸һ㣬淺ŨŨĻ⡣
ʱԭҪȴͻȻ׻ƺɿ˽
Ȼһ绮
¡¡
ܼҶϣ
ҶϣϾͻһ̣Խ࣬ҲԽŨҶΧԲʮ֮ھȻȫŨŨ
ҲⳡҶ
ǹɿҪճɻҽĻ棬һʱĸо˲٣¶ҲղȣȻԾеߣȴڿԳܵķΧ֮ˡ
ͬʱѪҲٴη⣬Ҷڣơ
˰ʱ֮󣬲ͣҶҲĻع۾ǰȻ׻˶Դŵʱһ飬
ϸһŷ
ʱ׻Ѿһߣֻ˫ԲɣȻģԭ°ʹǿҲֻʣһ㱡ƤĶ
ҶͣղԺ֮ʱеǹɹ̵ϢͻȻеһģſڵ۴
ȻҶѾ׹ղԼڱ֮ʣһҧ׻°ϵеĶ̵˶ӡ
Լµľʲôѵ׻Ļ
ǳʲôģ
Ҷ˸ʹ֮󣬲˲죬æԼڣһʱһ
ΪԼĵ֮УȻһСָɫ磡
Ӧþ׻еĻˣֻǻѵͨʳķʽתƵ˵ϣ
˵Ӧòܰ׻ȻƷޣʲôƷ֣ɱ׻Ҳȥˣû˵ܹ׻ĻָռΪС
ѵԼҲ»ˣ
Ҷ鲻ԽſͣҪ³һȴʲô²
һԼԴҶԳЦ˵ܹһ»ģԼḻ
ɫĻԼĵڣ᲻ԼΪӰ죿
ղҶۼʶ׻һܱ˲ȼҪԼҲ˲飡
㲻и磬Ҳʲô
Ҷתһûʲôʵĸо̧ͷҪͬǰһָʱ򣬺Ȼָ֣֮ȻðһɫĻ磡
֮еǶҲȻڣ
ͨתȻܹð棡
Ҷ۾ȻˣԼ˵ƺʲô£һ°
Ϊһ»¶ȣҶָֽ⴦ĻյԱߵһ֮ϡ
ոձܹĳʪɾȻ׵ľͱȼˣȻûղ׻³ǸȼգֻһСĻ磬ȴǳȼ˽֧ʱϨ
֮ϣҲȻճһͨ͸С
ɴ˿֤Ȼ󣬵¶ȾǼߵģ
ĵõ׻ڵĻ磬Ҷ˷ܲѣҲûмȥϾȻɭ֣Σķʱ޳֡
׻ʬ壬Ҷ뿸ؼȥΪ޼Ǳֻ׻ƤӲ̶Ҷᣬ·һı¡
ֻֻ׻ʵ̫ˣҲмٽأҶߵĻûҾ͵
ɣеϧòߣ
Ҷʱ򣬺Ȼһϸ΢ĽŲԶĴ˹ʱһһԶһ֦ҶïĴ룬Ҷ˹ȥ֫ãϣҶ֮Уסֻ¶ֻ۾Ŀ·
ŲԽԽӰҶǰһҶȻʶּҵĳһҲڱ֮бҶһָɵļһ
һλ꺺ӣòּͨҵˣΣҶܾԼӦ
һôһİ˴ҹܵɭ
ʱһѾ˵׻ʬ壬һ̲סһУλ꺺ȴ¶֮ɫԭƬ֮󣬲Ȼ嵽׻ʬ֮ǰ
ͳٶȣҶж϶ԷʵӦھӡҡ
壬׻ɣôģ
壿
Ҷ룬ַֻּӣôðһ
˲𻰣üͷ˫ֿٵ׻ʬţƺʲô
˵ĶҶȻһԷһ
Ƭ֮˵ͣ׻С֮üͷչ˿һһɲ׻Ȼ׻ļΪƣ׻ͷûнǵģҲһɫһɫ
ʲô
ҲҶ֪ģԭԼɱ˰죬ֻ֪ߵ
΢΢һЦߣǴ˵еʥӽĺ


34 
һȵĵʥĺҲʥޣ
ǺǣȻĺӣֻͬһֻѪߵĺѪͳĸͷڶֻһֻƷޣƤȫɺɫͻԾΪޣʱɾˣ
Ҷ΢΢һѹһôɱô̬ԭ׻ӽĺһƷޣ
˽ŵҲҪСȻûʥôϾѪҺҲǼΪģû뵽ɭ֮оȻһֻ
壬Ʒޣǿ¾ʮӡҲԸ˰ɣ
ǰ˵ͷƷ޵ʵʮӡĸ֣ģȻҪǿͨģҾ˵ܹò𡣡
߻ΨһҪ˵֮вĻ֣֮󣬾ͷ𣬲ǲܵ飬ֵ¶ȱȻ滹ҪߣȥĻԼ϶ᱻճɻҽﻹͷ𡣡
ҶǰԾ˵ĵʵǵʱԼȷоҪˣԼ֮û£ӦѪεĹͣټⳡʱ꣬øסͬʱõĻ֡
Ȼôôᱻɱأ
̧ͷɨһΧӦǱĳָΪǿ޸ҧԲŻֻ޹Ҳճ˻ң㿴Щð̵ľȻ֮ǰոշҵսⳡ꣬ɭֶᱻš
ϵҶʮ˵Ĺ۲ȴ´ˣҧĿɲʲôΪǿޣԼ
һȻˣʬҲǱţϽȥҼ˹ʬȥղ£ڣµĻƿԳӡˣ
ģ̫ˣ壬ȥһ˸߲ҵ·ȥ
һӰʧҶȴĸһɱ
ΪѾ֪˭ˣ
Ǹּңʹ۲ԳɱԼӡˣ
ֻҶʱףΪʲôӡ˻һ壿
ЩⲢҪҶѾɱɱӡˣΪԼˣҲּҵʵּɲСĴ
⣬ղ֮ͨĶԻҶҲΪʲôһڶ̶ʱڣͻƵӡľ硣
𰸺ܼ򵥣ǲϵôɭ֣ĿȻҲΪ
ּҵʵʵ߱ɭɱ޵ʵóʹ޵ӡ˵Ǿˡ
ټԼðΣɱģʬܰװױּң
⼸ԭ򣬸ǼᶨҶҪɱԷľġ
ҶƲ⣬ԷľӦǾӡԼ߳һأȻԼ׻ܰӡĸ֣һ˵ӡ֮ھ֮䣬Ĳʮҡ
Ҳ˵һӡĸ֣ԶԸʮӡĸ֡
۾磬Ҷ϶ǶԷĶ֣ҶСѪս⹦֧ţҴͨѨλټӲָԼոȥҶԼӦûһƴ֮ġ
֦Ҷм䣬ҶĵֵĴĴָʳָָͬʱ̧׼ڵϼʬˡ
ಣ
֧ͬһ㣬Ҷָͬʱǣȥ
ͬʱҶҲѾԾ£Ųĺ˳ȥ
ȫעķߵʬ壬뵽ʱȻ˹ԼֱƿȻ̧ͷ
鼱֮£˸룬͵ؽȥ׿⣬Ȼվ
ȻֲҪӵķʽ㿪ĹΪ̫ͻȻȻеһ˸첲һѪۡ
ովȣһɢŵâȭͷȴǰ
Ӷ㿪վ̲֮ѣ˴˿̣ûа취㿪ȭͷֻҧ̧֣ͬһȭӳ
䣡
ȭͷײһҶηǵûֹͣǰȴ˫˵ڿз˼ͷ֮˫ٴһ֮һɣжҶȭͷϵǿ
ʱڿˣ͵ϮԼˣȻҶ
Ҷɫ۴ɷĶ˵벻ɣٿ۲Գɱңֵɱˣ


35 һɱ
͵ϮԼҶȻе㾪ȣȴ¶һЦԭ㰡ȷҺ⣬ϴûɱ㣬һеźû뵽㾹ȻͶΣܲˣ
Ҷ˾жϲûдȷǾӡҲ֪Ҷǰӡ
ض԰أ˵
֮ŭ
ͻȻ̧˫֣һбڿ۳һֻİͻڴţһĻˣҶϯȥ
۶ɵϻҶ¶һ˿ĽǾӡӵеε
ĽĽڼʶ°λʩչİεâ֮ҶڶԷһȴûз
֮Ĳ֮
һЦҶԼѾ۳˴ȭͷӭѾҪ˵ԼǰֻϻĻͷһȭ˹ȥ
𣡡
ϻƺһıţɲǼɢ
ĿɿڴĿҶȻе㲻ԼΣһӡļһȻܽԼĹ׵ķ
ӣղһȭû㳤԰Ҷĵ
ȷ˸ղʵѾҶһȭһȭ̺֮ǿΪ𺳣ԼҶʱΪҶǰӡԼҪһ磬˾ͺ˶Էǿص㡣
һֻɵҶȴȫȻҶκá
Ҷȴһ֪˫չȫභĻԼ治һܹùԷԳŶԷ㶵ĹҶȻȳ嵽˵ߣ˵ȭͷһң
˼æ֧ҵȻʼʱеΣϾǾӡ֮
ΪҲˣҶʵе£֮⣬սᣬԼĶ֡
ʶ֮˵̬𽥵ĿʼƿսӵεʱʱľͻûֻϻҶ
ҶѾ·磬ϵȴû˿ı仯ȻѰźʵĻᣬĿǰΪָֹ𶼻ûʹãҲˣԱҪһУԲʧ
ڻܿˣ
˰֧ʱ֮еˣڹ֮䣬¶һţҶжȻð˹âԼҪľᣡ
ָָ֮ͬʱðССɫ棬Ҷϲǣ澹Ȼȫת֮£Ȼָ⣬ˡ
Ȼ㿪棬һȴǰ˿
ܹ˲ȼڽӴ·ͬʱͽ·ˡ
ͻȻֵĻ棬һֲɫԼɢĸ£Լʶƺߵɫһ䣬ææҵĴǰŻ·Ҫ
ȻʱҶĹٴϮղŲͬȭͷıֱƣ
ȭͷҲ㣬ϾҶĿ£һ¿ɲǺܵģǼȻƣһģƽ͸ûзˣ㱻ָͷȫУܽԼôأ
ȫסļҪ֮󣬱ŬϵĻ棬ҶĹ
ǣۡһ죬ҶֵĴĴָʳָָ׵ͻ˵ֱӲؿڣ
ָܵ˴ҶһҧָͷȻצһ
һѪ߸ҶȻӲĽԷ˳
ոս·ϵĻˣĿĿҶǿȻֵ࣬ͷ˿Լؿڴ˿ڣŨŨĲʺͲţ죬ȥ
еѾֹͣҶԼȴǿѣְסĻƺܴɤ
ŶԷȻɵô۾ҶڴڵĴæ˦ֽеӵ˵ϡ
Ҷһɱˣ
ɱ˺ɱޣȫֲͬĸоһֻʮ˵ָоɲܣ
վƬ֮ҶȻعһһҪּ˳ˣԼϽ뿪ܱǷ֡
뵽ҶתߣȻתһȴת˻ŵϵʬ壬Ҷԥһ֮ߵʬǰ
ҧأҶʬ·֮һȻ֣˼ʮ⣬һ
΢еǮ˵һὫ֣˵ս֮鼮֮Уڱ档
ҶΪƭ޵Ǹˣõľǿհ׵
ҶҲϸ鿴֮еʲôֻǽӺæԼУȻվָ֮ϼ˾Ŷ
ʱʬȼ˲Ĺ򣬾Ѿ˻ҽ
һ֮Ҷתͷ˲Զߵʬ壬ȻȥԼѾĵĲˣܿȥֻּܱˡ
ҪǸţͷڵĻͺˣ϶ܹɿʬ壡
Ҷðͷʱ֮жȻһâţţͷǸߴ徹ȻľͳҶǰ


36 
Ҷŵɻţͷ֣ţͷҲͬɴһ˫ţۣĪĿҶ
Լո뵽ţͷ֣ţͷ־ȻͳԼǰѵѪܹܵԼ뷨Ҽ㣿
Ҷ̲סʵôˣ
ţͷԼţǵҳ𣿡
ҽ㣿ҶüͷֻѣҲУ
ţͷֺȻЦЦΧҶֱ䣬Ц˰֮󷽲ֹסԼţǵ治֪Ҿͷĸɣ
л˵
Ҷּҵʱܻ֡
ţͷȴνĵʲô
Ҷһţͷ֣ҼȻܽȻٽսȥ
ţͷٴεɴ۾㺰ʲôţͷ֣ˣˣң֣ҽǣţͷ֣
˵ʵҶû뵽ԷȻ֣֣ţͷƺҲòȥ
˺ˣ֪ˣǣղ˵Ҳ֪ʲôϽ˵һ£
Ŷû˺ҵˣǵ¶һ˿пƳҶۿҪˣŲĵҼ򵥵ĸɣӦõѪأѪеģ㲢ħ۴ˣûȨǣ
أǸħ۴йԼǵõѪˣǻסֻŶ
ָͷҶǰ˻Ρ
ҶȻע⵽˵Щʱ˸ҺԼӣﲻһ˵ѣ
Ҷûвװ֪ӣʮģأ
УûˣȻѪڣôֻҪ㶯ͷܽٻΪ㿪Ѫ̫֮ͨСֻ״̬ȻѪ֮У״̬֮£ʵҲӲʲô̫ʵܶ鲢һܹ쵽˵ɣҪʲôλᣬһһΣҪǺ˵
˵Ѿ˫ֻǰڳһֵķ緶
ҶаͷǰǹȻֻ꣬ʲô̫ͨС
ҲЩʱּʱпܻҶһָߵʬһһؼң׼˷֣ң㶼
ʲôٴεɴԼţۣͷĿҶ㣬㣬㾹Ȼǵ
Ҷ˫һ̯޹ĵ˵İҵĵһĪǸ˵Ͳˣ
޺޵Ķ˶ţǵıǿŨͿ
˵֮󣬴ߵߵʬ֮ǰһץʬϣʵʬ֮仹ż׵Ŀ϶ȻˬĳҶ߰ɣ
꣬Ҷֻ˵κȷ꣬һŲ֪ǿ۽ˣû뵽״̬µǣȻܹٽصʬ
һ·֮ϣǲϵĴߴҶ㣬Ҷһҹǲ㱻߸ɱָӡĸֻƴһﻹܿ
Ҷǰ뿪ɭ֣һַ˺ž͸ϵɭ֡
ֻǵֻһŻҽ֮⣬ûĶˡ
һĿܣСĺ壬壬һˣأ
ַһ˵ߵ飬ǷǳˣȻĻҲܴҹԸˣȻڵ˵طȴûˣҲûʬüͷ
үү岻֪ȥˣߵʬҲûˣ᲻ʬˣһżĵ
˵ַǳȻֻҵӣǶҾҳϣΪһʲôߵʬңǶϸҿûʲô˿
ַôһһϽͲ˵ˣȴڰλԼûѪԵϵ壡
һ⣬⽫Լ֧Ȼʬˣ
ּĶǸ֣ܿͽѰϣַĳӣҲһĸī߹սĺۼϻѪӦǿУ˫ΪߵʬִӰȫޣҪô׷жȥҪôǡѾ
ַҲǾӡĸ֣ʲô׵ɱżɭҿϢ̻
ǣ
Ȼּǽɭַ飬ҲҵõѾ˻ҵַֻܴ˻طּңͬʱҲһ⣬˿ӱӡ塣

ҶڸǰصҶңΪǣȻѭųİ취ӸǽֱӷԼסСԺȻҲûб֡
ǽʬҶԺ֮У˽ĵʲô𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦ
ҲһƨɾҶǰûϣڵϡ
ҶЦеĵڶʵˣ֪һЩйѪ㣬˵ǵйģܲϸĸ˵˵
֮áǡΪҶţѪֻ֮һˣ


37 ʮ
ǵ۾ٴεɵùԲȻҶĵڶеĲһεˣڶξȻֱӶƤӾˣ
㣬Ҳ̫Ʋ˰ɣǼм⼸֪֪Ѫ֮пǺպ
ȻҶ֪ǵʵжǿǴǸĸоΪ˵滰
ҪԸ˵ҾѪ룬ӦҶӾͿԽͻȥ˰ɣ
ҶĻ䣬Ѿ̲סе˵˵
Ȼ˵ѪǸΪֲĵط
㣬Ҷе⣬ΪԺгֵĻƬ޾Ѫ֮Уڷʹİ
¶ľţҶҲеĲ̣ȵǻشԼ֮ԼȻҪͻѪ֮УϾԼܴȸ½Ĵߣ
Լ촽ʵҶѪ֪ҲǺ
ΪʲôҶе˲죬һѪеˣȻ᲻ѪеΣ
ţ֧֧ĵѪһʮ˲㣬ңڵһģȻ֪ĲǺ
ʮ˲㣡
ҶٴˣǵԼĴ˵У˵־أط־ģ֮²Ѫ
Ѫʮ˲㣬ټϾĵĻǵµжٲ㣿
ţ˵ʵ̫̫ģҶòת˷ʽĳԼʣǴ
˽һʱ֮Ȼ֪Ķĺ٣ҶѪ˸µ˽⡣
Ѫֳƾʮں͵ط־ĵġġǲһ˼ǲ֪ҶҲֻʱȥǡ
ʮҲǿеʮ˲㣬ÿһ㶼ޱѪףߣ֮Ҳ޷ʮ֮䣬˵ÿһ㶼ֻͨͨģǷĴڣҲ֪
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Ϊʲôֻ֣Ľ֮£ҶԼóһĴ𰸣
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˿ѨֻܴܿһСķ϶ǿеѪ֮ͨ
Ϊ϶̫С޷ֻͨ״̬ͨ
ҪҲ֣ǷųѪе˵ĻͱҪͨ򿪵ԽԽã
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ᵱʱǵı鿴ǼٵģҲǼΪ̹ȻҶ̲סҪ˵ѡ
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ǻ֪ģ˵֪ҶȻԿѪôѪˣħۣΪħ۴˵Ļܹ򿪾ʮǽһ졣
һܹĻôʮе˶ĸԸħ۴˵׷ңЧҡ
ڴ֮ǰѪ˺ħ۴ǩԼųˣֻ
һ㣬Ҷʼճֱ̬ȣΪһ˵ʱɫԵ÷ǳĲȻȻ滰
Ϊ֤һԼ뷨ҶɣǣҿͦϿҵģҲҪˣҾͻָ߰ɣ
գԼ˫ţۣҶ˰֮󣬿ɥðɺðɣҳϣұģʵѪǿΪµģֻұȽ
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⣬ǲܵ£ΪڽѪ쿪ʼԵ֮ϣͱѪӡܹӡ𣬷ĻǸ뿪Ѫ
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Ҷ˽ĵ˵ͷκϵģǶǿߣ
λܿǳĸ֣ھʮֻʵ͵ĵһˣݷǾԶǳˣԼһŰӡСƨĻǲġ
ȻԻԸͣʵϿηԼĿƻͷԼȻѪô㲻ܿҪͷʩͷӦûǿԵģ
ЩԸȽϹ°ˣҶԼ˵۲䣬ʵԶԶԼˣҪԼΪµĻĽԼĲϣԼҲɣ
ǿΪʵȴǵ˲ƵֻʵϳԽ㣬пԸ⳼
ԼҪʵˣҶǵҪѪĻǾţҪȥ
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վһЦ˻пյĻҳΣٸ˵£ʮ֮˲żüãģģĵȵȵȵȣø˳ĻôΪħҲʲôܵ£


38 İ
ͻѪ֮УҶԼ˳˼Ϊǿд飬ʵǸ̫𺳡
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̫⣬ĿǰҶ˵ó𰸣Щʱͳͳĵס
ԼһŪе⣬ΪѾȷԼԶĿ꣬ǳΪħۣ
˼˻ҶĿ˵ߵʬ֮ϡ
ҸôүүأҶЦҡͷɲҽʵ˵һүү֪Ȼ͵͵ܵɭеĻǿԼպͻᱻϼӿˡ
ˣͽƸλ˰ɣ

ҶԪߵʬ֮˶Ƭ֮󣬲ǻعҲ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ
⣬λ޸ǰ͸ģ
ǰϣԺ죬һϾʬ壬ûмǰֻҶ˵ǽߵʬ͸ˡ
ҶԪͷǧﴫֻгĸֲʩչӣλǰмӣҪ㻯㣬ֻϧǰˣͬײβպлĻһҪл
֪ˣүүλǰⶣң˵Ⲣ׻ߣʲôʥߵĺǱǧҪ͸¶ȥȻǼ鷳
ʥߵĺǾӵʥѪıˣףµȷ͸¶ȥߵ
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ķ֮дĸ֡𽣾
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ҶԪϸķⱾᣬ㻨һʱ㿴꣬ҳ֮ϵ鼫Ϊĸӣ˷ܣҲԥ
Ƭ̺ҶԪŵװ𽣾һսУǳ˲սƷײͣҲƷսȻλǰս͸ǳں⣬Ŀǰ߱ʸʱպãҪñ˿ˡ
Ҷʼе㲻ףΪʲôսҪľأ
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ԣ߶ǵȵ۳˳֮ٸص㣬ȥѡӦԵս
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Уץĺع棬ǵεâ󣬶ҺˣôȻսǱԣ
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ãȻãҶԪ͵ȻǻԵսôʩչս֮ʱܹ۳ɻ棬ܽս󻯵ķӳǾΪ𣬾ҪĳΪԵĶ˵׻߾ĳֻ棡
֪õľǻˣΪԵĳΪԵҸǳΪҩʦʦĻ֮һ
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ֻǣҪΪҩʦʦȴŬͿģҪ߱һ츳үү֪Ҳ֪࣬һǱ߱ԵĳˣЩ飬֪УʱҪȥˣһжȵ۳˳֮˵ɣ


39 ƶ
еߵʬ壬ѾҶԪļλҶū̧ˣȻҲͲҪҶˡ
Ҷ˼ȴйҩʦʦ顣
ʦҶûʲôȤҩʦݣ뵽
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ֻǶγΪҩʦҶһͷûУҶ֮Ҳûйⷽ鼮ȴżΪǵ뿪֮ʱ˵
ʮŸָ˲ţҩģģģֻҪԼܹǷųǰԼĻôָֻǴɱɱǲܣ֮ϵκ⣬ŶܴõϸĴ𰸣
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ҶסԺ֮У˰ƴС߶Ȳһһ˸ľ׮
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վ֮Ҷһ˫Ѿ಻ϵ˳ȥ
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Ҷٴľ׮˫ſļȻԾڵڶʱһ̤գˤ˵ϡ
ԣ̤ʣҽ̤һ˿Żᵼ²Ĳᡣ
Ҷʼһ˸ľ׮֮ϣϰһδεˤ£һδεٴȥ
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ʵүү֪Ҷһʱ֮УȻѾɹҪȲˡ
ΪƶȻսȻҲбԣԾԡ
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ʦү
Ҷǰʱֳһ˫۾


40 ֪Ҳ
ҶҶҵĴλʼոڳߣȻڴ֮ϣҶԪЦݵ˵Ż
Ҷߵӹһ⣬ҶȻˣȴװûӣǰԹҶǰ
ֻ΢΢һͷû˵ʲôҶԪһԿڵ㣬صزʦүǰԽȥʦүȥһˣݼ֮ٻɣ
ڳϽ֮£ҶԪȻܵټʦү룬ֻҶȥһˡ
ʦү˫۾ҶѾԿ϶ȷԼ˵оȳԼĿģҶȴʼձһ˿ɡ
үү׿˵е㲻Ծڶ׾ȻʦүԼǰж衣
ʱʦүѾվȥݷҲе룬ǻ·ɣҶģȵ˼Ҷү֮һԽͻġ
ҶԪæҲվʦү̫ˣҲСˣﻹҪʦү˵Ҳȥݷǿ󲮣ʱͲ鷳ʦүˡ
ʦү΢΢һЦҶҶү߰ɣ
ȻҶȥǼȻµҲûа취ˣǸǻǻ㲻ҪԳ׵ģǾͲﲻԾ
áҶҶԪүүȥݷˡ
ȥɣһҪò㣬֮ǰ˳ȥ󲮰ɣ
֪ˣүү
ҶԪԽͳţſѾƥãȥ
˵ıӰԶȥҶԪҼǵóǰʦүʲôʱģʦүʵԱǰǸҪߵĶ࣬ҲӦú൱ӳ˱ľŹȻʵͬСɡ
ȻʦүȷףҴȵʱ򣬶ǴһͬģҶԪûжʦүʲôɣȻҲҶȥˡ
ҶԪԲ뵽˵ʦүˣףҲѾðˣ
ҶʦүֱһƥŹٵݷǱ۶ȥ
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ʦү˵ҶҲֳĬ˭Ҳ˭ͷ·
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ģҶǰԶɽȵ˿ڣɫҲϾɽ֮УʧȥΪȴøõѪصѪΡ
൱Լ֮һ
ȻʱҶĶһĴ֮ɽ֮д˳
Ҷһæޣɽ֮С
ʱ˿̣ɽ֮УڼҵĽ֣ҶһʦүҲס¿һ˿ãȻעǰΡ
ڽֵ֮УҶϳ֮һǳףһȴһλʮĸͷ
ͷлһߵľƺƺһӣ֮кһɰľˣŶϯȥ
Ȼǳֿȭ˫֮ȴ˿˿ɫĵâһСһ㣬߮
ϯˣ˿ţ˫һһ˸ž֮ľ޴ͻȻǰ
ײ֮ϣâʢž֮ͬһ𣬲ȴ޷Ƶ
ʱ򣬶ȻҲʦүҶüͷ΢΢һŸʲôϽɱȻҶ뿪
ʦүӦһϣȻƽƽԾ˿Уͬʱһָʱһľ޴ƾճ֣ݺݵͷȥ
˵Ĵ򶷣Ҷ֪˾ȻǴﵽ˳ĸ֣֮ʩչսޱȣ
ԭݷͬڣʮӡѾǶˣȻڣССɽ֮УȻĸ֣ҪǴȥĻžԻ䶯ݷǣ


41 
ȻֵĴ򶷣ʮֵĿĶǣҶڹսͬʱҲ˼Լô졣
ڳ׺ʦүˣҶѾ˻ɣǸͷҲ֪ʲôݣȻ˴һ
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һ֮󣬴ʧƺ·ɻͷУͷȻ׼ͣһһɴŨζҾƵ˿С
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Ҿڣͷ˸ͻȻһָ׺ʦүСһȻ˺Ҿŵĵӣһðģݷǵĳ죬˭ҲߣƲ
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ղͷŭ𣬹ҲΪŻ׵ģڶ׹ȻмƣȻĻͷڵ״̬϶ĺܲҡ
Ҷ߹ͷյ˫΢΢˿Ҷ֮ſͣ΢³֣ƺ


42 оƺȾ
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ͷӹƺ뻳УһЦģоƺȣˣأ
ǰˣ
ͷͷû뵽һﾹȻ񽣣ˣʲô֣ҿǺץ㰡
Ҷ΢΢ʵûǰմΪʲôֻ˳ͻ
ҶĻͷһ㶣ӦһЦСһͦ鰡ðɣ˵ҽоţǾŵŵӣݷǵĳҾŵӣǽ£ûкͱϵгϻʲô£鿴һû뵽Ȼðˡ
ھ˵ͬʱҶҲɿתţȵһ˵꣬ҶҲľ
ȻԭȵĳףѾ˲⣬һðˣкܴĿܾ޵ˡ
ΪʲôҪôҶ²⣬ǺܻܿΪԼҶҵġƾ
û뵽Լĸױ°ߣѾȥˣ޵˾Ȼûߣҽų֣ԼҲѾ޵ץȥˡ
ƾôҪ
ʵҶֻǲ¶һ룬ĿģȻΪˡƾʵϣһĿ꣬Ҷ
ҶѾϵ˵ǷǵûгΪˣһΪͻͽϵе࣬üٶ׶ҶӿŨȤϴֶҪɱҶʱʦүץסҶֻû뵽·үүҶӹһ١
ۿҪɹˣȴ˾ţμٶ׵ҲѾ¶޷ټװˣֻ֮زز
ҲҶʶ޵˲ô׵ķŹԼҶңе㷳꣬ҵ˺öԸ޵ʵȴǱһʵҪǿ󣬱ǵϣǺأ
ҶҲ뵽һ⣬үү̽޵ҵ֪޵λΪʮӡ
ۼʶ˸ղŵһ֮󣬱˵ٶˣʦүҲǳĸ֣ɴ˿ɼ޵ʵʵġ
Ҷڳ˼ҲûдʣԹԵĲ鿴Լơ
ֱҶӳ˼лعŲЦеĵôڿԸңʲô˰ɣ
ҽҶݷҶҶҵˣ֪ٳݣ޵ˣ
ҶҪĽԷ˵˳
޵ŵüͷһħɣôܵݷ˳أ
Ҳ֪ǸʦүܵҶң˵ңҾ͸ˣû뵽ȴط
Ҷ˵Լ²޵ʵĿģϾԼҶӵСƾ飬Խ֪Խá
ųƬ̵Ҷǰɣ˵ˣже㲻㣬ܲȵˣ˳ҲҪ֪ͨųϣټֹ
ҶѸٵתתͷĿǰ˵ĻӦģ׼ȻǾŵŵӣǾ˵ŵʵҲҶܹ;ϵϵôԼҶҵĺôǺܹܶ࣬嵽ң
ãƥҴҼˣ
֪Ҷղе뷨ĻԻһһʮ꣬Ȼӵܵ˼ά
ҶĲ£ʦүƥҶҲžţһǰһҶұȥ
ҶңҶôȥһһͷҶ޲ɲѡ
ҶҶԪ򵥵Ľһ¾ŵ֮ҶԪ֪ôˣ
űҶҷΪϱҶҲҶԪѯ֮£鷢ľϸ˵˳
֮ҶԪüͷĵľ޵ˣû뵽ĹȻˣǾŵĳ֣Ҷǻزˣ
뵽ҶԪ󱳲һԼĴ⣬ʧȥ˱ӣ
Ҷȴû˿Լүү˼Цŵүү޵˼Ȼ;ŴôűȻǿݷǵֻҪǺ;Ÿùϵ޵˾Ҳ˼ɵţҶôģ


43 赶ɱ
ּҵĴ֮УٺַԶʱ˿ַ̣Ҳû˵ȻԵãȡ֮һƬء
ַɫٵﲻһˬǳַһг񣬸߸ϵģ
ϻװһĵʵ֣ҿɫãǲʲô£˵û׼ܰϵæ
ַҡҡͷȷ££ȾĪʧˣˣʬ
ӣ˵ַ弸ʮǰͲµһöҪӣΪȾ׽ַ彫ӡ壬ϣܹӡϹϵӶ׳Լּҵ
ȾҲûйϣȻƾԼ츳õӡһλϵһ֮ǰڶΪ״ӡ
һɵ״ӣǾѾǵߵˣȻֻڶǳΪ״ֻʱ⡣
ַõϢ֮ʵ˷˼죬ӡиأڳΪڶ״֮󣬱Ҫչ꣬
ΪȾܹıչأλϾȾؼ̽һ꣬ȾȻصҶּҡ
صּҵȾڰޣɱһΪڰɱҶ˴ã
ȻհɱʧܣǶȾûʲôʧȻӡ״ӣֻһʱ䵽ˣתӡ壬չꡣ
ȾĳΪ˳ĸ֣ôּҶĵλõ޴ߣһģ˵ܹӵһλֵ̨ʲôҶң޼ң߸Ҳû취ּȡ
ҲΪʲôַʼһгģԭ
ȻڣȾȻʧˣ
ּҵϣδĿɽȻĪʧˣַĴʵ̫޴ˣ
йȾ飬ַ嵱Ȼ٣Զѯʣ֣ܶʲô𣿡
ٹɴ۾ôѵ֪
֪ʲôַ岻һ㶣⼸עѰȾ֮ϣϾȥ顣
ݷǳˣ
ʲô£֣ܲϸ˵˵
ԵӣԼθڣַӹһ˿á
ǺǣֹȻз°ðɣҾֱ˵ˣݷǳ׾ȻǰѾʧˣӴĶʵּðģΪˣ׵ʦţɳ׷£ȻָܣǱҲˣı˾ˣڱ˼أ
˵ٹͣЦеĿַ֪֪˭λŵĸ֣
ݷ˵ȷǼ£ַҲΪ𾪣û뵽֮ʱĳ׾ȻǸðƻ
֪˭˾ŵĸ֣˸߲ңĪǾ޼ҵˣ
̾˿Ҫ޼Ҿ˾ͺˣϧ޼ûּҲûλŸֵˣҶҵҶ
Ҷ
ַȻվҲǱһǿҵƣԹ֮£ĵ֣Ȱ㻹ǲҪôĿǰŵλ֣ĸ֣ҶˣھҶˣ㻹ԸҶĻȿһǲǾŵĶְɣ
ȾڵĻַҲὫŷȾѾʧˣȾʲôĻӡǲּҵģ
뵽㣬ַȻһƨٵ֣ʲô㣿
ٴʼնڹ۲ַ̬ӦҲԼԲ³ַʧԭӦǺλӡйأһЦûʲô㣬һ½ȥô죡
ַĬٽŵҲûʲôð취ˣҾȸˡ
Ҫȥģ
ȥģȻȥҶңݷһλŵĳ֣˼ҵŵӾݷǵĳˣˣ޼ǲģ
仰֮վﳤȥ
ʧıӰַͻȻһȭϣ˲仯Ϊ촷ۣڷŵĲҲδ⣡
ַҧгݵĵҶңּҺƲ
ӷַĴīҴҵĳ˽ôˣ
ַ建۾֮ٿȻѡݺȥҶңȻ˶޼ҵˣ⣬ûйȾϢ
īҡҡͷûУɭܹ֮ѰҵĵطǶѾұˣӦ˲⣡
ַ建ͷ⣬ҲȾٵһʱ䣬ûϢĻȥһӡ壬ҵȾʦȾǱҶɱģ
ʲôīһ֮󣬺ܿ׹Ҫӡ֣Ҷң
ߣӡạ̊́ȾΪڶ״ӣʦ϶ΪģҵҪŵܱܲסҶң


44 ž
ַ岢û뵽ȻΪ˽ӡҶңȾҶɱɣʵȴʵ
ҶµĿͷ֮УЦеĿǰҶҶûͲ˼ȴǳһȰ
ǰ⻰ʲô˼Ҷװʵ
ǺǣյңҶҾѾֱŰݼң룬ϢӦɢȥİɣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǰ˱Ͼǵĸĸ٣˲⣬ִ±ȻҪ˶֪
ЦҡҡͷĿףģǾȻʲôɣҲǹ䣬ԹҶң飬ǾŲģֻҪǾŲܱҶҶĵλ
𿴾Ⱦӿһ㶼ͿҲǴӡһģ֮ҲΪ˽⣬ȻҶ˴ԼҶҵĿˡ
ȻѾҶҲټװɵˣȻվžһҾ׵ǰҲǲѲģǰ£
ûʲôûʲôΪԼļ壬ĺܶԣ°ɣѾɳϷϢ죬ͻᰲһλµĳʱǻҶҵġ
ãǰ˰ɣҲҪȥˡ
ȥɣ
ҶصԼǸСԺ췢úõĻһ飬Ƕھźͼٶףλ֮ĴΣúõĿ˴۽磬ȻĽͬʱҲӼҪŬϽʵ
پйңŲµûϢҶɢȥģΪľҪҵ֪ԼҶѾ;Ŵ˹ϵҪǵĻǿҪˡ
Ҷʱֱֳ̬ȣҲҶ˸ס
޼ǱϹϾӦҪЭ˼ּңȻַ̲üĿ֮ŽǣȻʲô£еĵģȻλӡ˵ʧˣ
ôڶڣ϶ʲô¶ˣҶҲʱķ£ĵ
Ҷһεǰľ׮һһģ̤
ת֮䣬µʱȥˣϣҶͬƽһľ׮ϲ䷳ϰšƶ
磬磬磬硭
ҶԼĿھǶÿһ̤λú;룬򵥵Ĭ
Ѿ߳ʮ
žžž
ҶλһŻ㱵ĹӰɲǼ̤ʮһǳɡ
ã
ͻȻһԱҶﲻ΢΢һ̧ͷȥ־Ų֪ʲôʱѾվԺ֮
ЩദҶ;ҲĳΪ꽻ΪűϾǳĸ֣֪飬ҶԪҲֻ಻٣ˣҶҲ˲ʵ֪ʶ
ǰôпⰡ
ҶЦľ׮ӭȥ
Ȼѯһй飬£֮ǴɣҲЦת˻ݷγˣһȥġ
ݾŴصϢȻγǲûֱȥݷǣҶңţ˽һϸᡣ
ﻹҪǰԹҸ֪ͨһˣȥ
ʵҶףԼǰҪ̧ԼҶҵĵλγ֪ҶҵҪԡ
ʰһ£Ҷͺ;һҶҵĴ֮С
ʱ֮ڳҶԪ⣬ˣһʮ꣬òţһͷҲʮͣһ̹ܣͣ
Ҷ;ţͷ̧ͷɨһۣмĵţһΪأû뵽Ļͦ󰡣
üëţ˵
λŵˣȻһͻ⵹ǳҶ˵ϣ˵ֵǷǳϸԵص㡣
ȾӦˡ
üȩ̈ĵôԼʵУ˵
ҪҶæǰҶҶǰ
ŶԾ̬ȲãҶȴվ˫ˣһöлĵܵأ
˻һ˵ҶҶԪ˶ʱȻԭžȻŵĵܵܣ
ŵ̬Ҳܿƺ˴˿ۣŶԼĵܵܣǷǳĵġ
˭ҪлĿһһֱЦ˵࣬Цʲô
æվʦ壬Цˣ
ҲţҶ
࣬ʮӡĸ֣ݷεĳ
žͿʼѯʼٶ׵飬ĲˬȻֻҶ
ȵҶ֮ŵͷ޵Ҳ˵ƺһɣû뵽Ȼܴܾŵĸ֣
ʲôдң㣬Ҫû񽣣ҿ϶һͲˡ
ѵöûȥ;ִŵͷ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫǰ񽣣Ʒֵǰ


45 Ѫ
Ҷ˵һİĴʻ㣬Ŀ˼ٶǱ񽣵ķɡ
һӳȻܹųʮ׳ľ޴ߣǿ˵Լˣʮӡĸ֣ڵǰҲֱܱɱ
ƺ֪Ҷ֪ʲôгһԵľŸ˽̤ͣ볾֮ʹõͱΪµܹԷΪƷƷȻƷײߣۺϳӵĻҲҪ԰ǧˣ
ǧӣ
Ҷ̲ס˿ԼҶ½ٿˣһҪӴǧңǧӣ㹻Ҷǧ֮ˡ
⻹ֻƷļǮ
ǾƷĻ϶޼֮ˣ
ʵҲˣ˵ƷˣһƷȸ½Ϊ֮ˣɲǮ򵽵ģ
ſ˾һۺǣ̫شҲһȥ棬Ƕɣڴ֮ǰõϳ֮λɣʮ֮󣬵ݷǳ֪ͨ
ȻݷֻһСǣǳζ˵һ£ҪиʽѸ
ŵͷ׼׼ǾȻسȵʮ֮ݷټҶʱһҪ
ģҿ϶
Ҷ½ͳ֮ҶٴλصԼסΪ֪ʮ֮ĳʽԼҶ˵һĴûᣬʱ򲻵һᵽ߸ӵҲᵽ
ԼܹסǣټϾŵ֧֣ôҶҶݷǵĵλӵι̡
ʮ죬һҪ۾ӡ
ҶΪԼµĿ꣬ȻӡӡĶ壬ǶҶ˵ֻҪ˾ӡΣҲͿʩչΪսټѾͨѨλܹսʮӡĸ֣
ȻĿܷ꣬ʵ֣ҶﻹûеףϾӡѾ˺ܳһʱ䣬ȴʼûгɹ
Ҫ֪ӡۣҪѼʮʱ䣬ҶĴҶ죬ҶΨһľӡ֣Ӱصأķ˶ʮʱ䣬ŵͻƣҶĸҶƷɣʱҶֻ߲ͣȴҲֻаӡ
Ҷ֮ԻĿ꣬ȻǰݡѪսĹ͡
Ҷڷ֮У˫۽գϢƳһһ֮䣬Լɿ۳ɵе˽
ʱ˿̣Ҷһã
һãȫܶʼĲת̽ѨḶ́
ڶãָָ֮ð΢΢âҲڴͨسѨ
ã֮ҶǿеĲѹѹѹϣܹ۳ӡ
ǰãҶľĲٿ֮£˳ĽţΨеã۾ӡʼͷѹŵͻȻըҲɢ䵽
̣ҶѾٴΣȴʼ޷ɹ
ﲻأѵ㣿ٶȺɣѾ൱ͬ˵ı𣿡
˼֮£ҶǰȻһˣѪսеǸѪɫӰĵûӡأҿ
ھԺиֳǸѪɫӰҶѾʮϤˣϤֻǴһѨλĽɫ·ӰڲҶĴû̽
ͷһҶ񣬽ģѪɫӰǰ
ȻܹӰǵҶҪԼĿ뵽Ӱڵĵʱȴǲܵ¡
ҶŬӰ֮䣬Ǳһ̶ľ룬룬ƺԶ޷Խġ
֮£Ҷֻܷ֮ǰ뷨עҲ֪ıѪɫӰܵѪȥ
ǵصѪɫԼѪ֮ȴʼ޷ѪӰҶȻ뵽һֲϲľС
Ҷû뵽ǣľӰ֮£ĵѾͨѨλ֮ϾȻһɾ޴ֻǣյĲؼѪϿ۵ޱ
ЩܵѪѪɫӰ죬Ȼһ˿һûɫҶԽԽ࣬ԿЩǴŵĺɫ
ҶԭʹڵЩıѪ֮еȡҶȴûκεĲ֮УʮܣΪ֮ԶԶ
κյڣҪᴿǽеų⣬ֻմһ˵ʣֻҡ
ڣҶյѪϿյҪᴿնپǶ٣
Ļٶȱּӿһ
֣ȻҶϲѣҲԼյʵӦǿŰѪѪе
ջҶʱûȥ۾ӡ飬רĵ
һɹɵͬϽˮһҶڱڲϢϵĳָϵĹسѨ
䣡
Ҷֻоһ촫سѨȻʣ


46 ֳ
һʱ䣬ȻѾָͨĹسѨҶĺͶɴһĳСָѨλ
СָѨλȽ⣬ֱһѨλѨٳѨ
˵ӦһѨλһѨλȥͨѨΪ˾ҶĵҲɴͬʱѨλ
֮ôʵҶһԭ򣬾ϴѨλ֮ͨѨͷųǡ
Ҷʶ˿ѨΪԿ׿Ѫеһ˿϶ͷųеķ˳
ˣҪ˿϶ĸһ㣬ܷܲųˣǷųǵ
ĸѨλһյٶȻҪϼ֡
ҶʳϵתšѪսķھ߶ܶʼĲͣ
ʱܿȥҶ߲ݵѪеƴĴͨԼСָ֮ϵѨλ
򲻸ˣ
ھİʱ֣żͬʱ죬ٳѨѨ뱻ͨ
ȻҶޱ˷ܣȴҷɣǽԼʶεŴѨλ֮˿Ѩ
Ŀǽ뵽֮У
Ȼһǿҵĺ֮б𣬰˷ܵĺ֮Ӱӣͬһ㣬Ѫ֮гҶǰ
ҶҲȻۣǰˡ
ò죬ߵһ׳һͷŵĺ췢֮ɫ㣬֮ϻһЩŹֵĻƣмǸŮӣ귽ˣò绨̬ģұߵһò˵ߣһ˷һ
ڵӺ͵ûʲôͬҲǽ͸ȻȻ״̬
̰ĺΧĿҲͣתԴܵΣƺ˭ûпǰҶ
ǵ֮ҶףЩѪеˣǵǷˣ㽫еκһŵȸ½֮ϣԶǳ֮ԼδСȻᱻǷˡ
ȻԼѪˣôȻԼĴڣҶɫһ
ߺŮӶҶĿڽĿ⿴췢ȴǸûһȻ״
ҶһЦ췢󺺵ɫȻ䣬ѸٵĻһ⣬³Ҷڡ
ԸˣȻҪϵֶˣ
ջѪ֮ҶɫƽĿǰ˵ҽҶѪˣħۣڵΪǿ϶ǿۣϣǼסһ㣬ǵȫҵУˣǲǿҽܣ
ȻߺŮǿҶҶ˵ĻҲǷǳֱףȻѪˣôǸ޷ҶֺҶʱԽͻѪǺܿҲͽʵһۺ˫˫Ҷʩһ
ȿڵҦɽˣ
ŮӽŵСŮѩˣ
ҶͷйѪȻ֪˽ĲϸΪҽһ¡
ʵҶǵĿѾ˽˸ˣҪλ˵ǵ˵᲻в֮ͬ
Ҧɽѩ΢һ֮󣬱㿪ʼΪҶ֪Ѫ
֮Ҷĵ˵ͷûƭԼ˵ĺ˵ļһ£ǶԼĹȥѪеҲͬ޷˼һ˼Դͻۡ
⣬Ҳھʮеĵһ
ҲǵһģǼǵͬɣ
Ҷٻ֮£ǽų˵ǰ
Ҧɽѩ΢΢һæǰλǰҲ˰ǿϲɺأ
Ƕڶ˵ĳƺҶ⣬Ѿ뵽Ҧɽѩʵ϶ҪǸߡ
ϾԼͨѨλ֮󣬲Ž˷˳ųǣֻͨѨλ
պԼͨѨλԽԽ࣬ųѪ˵ʵҲԽԽǿ
ѩҦɽͷ簡
ֿҶţͷ֮ί˵˵û¾ͷҳ͸͸ģⶼȥˣ
һ˵ҶǿЦãǳΪЩӣžסҶ֮Уһ֪ǵĴڣǻԼ鷳
֪ˣԺûһ͸͸
ίһָҦɽѩΪ¡ؽһ£λҦɽҦǰǴҩʦλǰˣɷǰѵûкһ
ѩЦˣֱ̫˸˻ȥ
Ҷ֪ԭλ췢󺺾ѩķ
ǸǸҲ֪ԭǷ򸾣ǿϣҾɣ
췢׳ٴγ˵ǰüͷһ壬Ȼ뷢ѩȴѾסĸ첲Ķߵ˼֮ӵ̬ɳתҶ˹ֵӣˣ
Ҷ˰֣֪ĲڵעɲϣǿҦɽҦǰҩʦ


47 
Դүү֪ҩʦ֮ҶϣԼҲܳΪҩʦΪͿ԰ڵĶԣ
ҦɽΪ϶ڳ֮ϣҶȻҪһЩˡ
ҦɽͷҩʦҲֻǸŶѣƷĻֻƷҩʦ
ҩʦͬеȼ֣ҲһƷΪҩʦԣһƷҩʦȸ½֮ҲмߵĵλκһɶἫ£
ҶĿǰ֪ЩԵ˵ҦɽֻƷҩʦʱﲻеʧƷܱûǿԼʵһ£βܳΪҩʦأ
ҦɽҶһһ۾ͿҶûۣھʹйҩʦ飬δеΪʱ硣
ȻҶѪˣӻҪģ΢һ̯֣֮֮ϸֳһɫİߵĺɫǱӻԵĳȻܽһľΪ𡣡
ҵĳһȻֻͼ𣬵ĿǰѾƷ磡
ԼʱҦɽ֮Դһ˿Ȼһǳ⡣
ҶɾͲˣƷ
ؼĻܹΪļÿַ֮־Ʒ߱ĳֻ֮ʼʱֻ͵һƷǻĵȼΪ
һҸո۳ʱֻһƷǾôĲϴѾƷ
Ҷ΢һ֮ԼֵֻǼƷ
˵䣬Ҷ֮ҲðһɫĻ棬ȻûҦɽһô󣬵¶ȴǸ˲١
Żһڵ¶̼㼱
ҶеĻ棬ҦɽȫסˣҶԼҲסˣΪԭ𶥶ָֻֻܴ֮ǲ۵ĺСһ䣬ڣȻܹ֮ðˡ
ӹȻͬҦɽ˵˵Ϊ
ལ
Ҧɽɴ۾˿ڿˮϣ𣿡
Ҷ˵ͷҦɽȻмһھ˵
ӵеĻ棬Ѿ֮УҪ֮УҦɽ𣬿ƺʶĽ鼶棡¶ȺӦ鼶Ʒˣ
ҲǺܸ߰
Ҷĵ
ʲôǺܸߣҦɽ˫֮мҪˣ߼ľھ֮ϵ켶棬ξڸʥڵ鼶棬鼶棬켶ˣǿģ㾹Ȼ˵ߣ
˵ҦɽͻȻʲôɻĿҶû۳ôӵ鼶أ
ɱһ߻Ļ֣
˻֣ǣ㾹Ȼûб
ҦɽȾǸҶȻ»֣ȴȻȻʵ޷ˡ
Ҷľ⣬ת˻ӵǲǾ߱˳Ϊҩʦʸ񣿡
ֹ߱ҦɽϳĽʺ޵ûгȻӵ鼶棬ҪǲҩʦƶӦ
춼ӦҶ˷۾Ҧɽ˵Ҳ̫˰ɣ
ʵҦɽ˵ĿţҶǲӵеļֵ
ҩʦʦҲҪľǻ棬ܹ۳泾ģȻãܹ߱泾ˣʵϲֻ࣬ӵлԵĳѡ
ֻӵлԳ˵ܹӵл泾ǷǳĽˡ
ӵл泾˵ǸĽЩӵи߼泾ˣٸ߼Ļ泾Ҳᳬؼģ
Ҷû۳֮ǰȻѾӵ鼶Ļ棬֪Ҧɽ˵ǶĴͶĽˣ
ҶΪҩʦĿģΪ˰ϵĶϸʵҦǰû˵ٶǧ޺ͽ涾
涾Ҷ˵Ҧɽͷ
֪֪νǵĶأ
ҾͲ֪ˣҪⶾĻܼ򵥣ˣֻҪܹҵ涾ôڷΧٲ֮ڣȻͻнҩ
˵Ҷ˵ɽҰлߣҧ˵Ļڶ֮صĸȻܹҵҩ
Ҷүү϶ҲӦȥѰҹ涾ˣ϶޹
Ȼ֪ûʲôܣҶǱһ˿ϣʵ涾һ㶼ʲôطأ
ٶһ㳤˼ɽ֮У϶ǺĲһǧѢǷǧĹľ̦֮޺ڽѾͲ˵ˣ򼳣ǽ۵ҷǴûм
Ҷеһ˿ϣҲΪҦɽⷬ׵ˣȻҲΪʲôҩʦˡ
Ҧɽ΢΢һ֮ȴֽŵҵˮƽȻ޷Ƴ涾Ľҩȴֵ֪ҩӻǶԵķ


48 ӡ
仰ʱҶֻĶÿ·һΣܹӻ»ָһ귢һΣҲа
ҦǰܲܰƳֵҩ
Ҧɽ˫һ̯¶Цҵ룬޷ƳΪƷҪƷҩʦơ
Ʒҩʦҵȥң
ңһƣĻǲܰ߱˵ġ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ܿҦɽⷬ˼ÿֵҩרŵ䷽Ϊ
ҩʦ˵ͬߵĹսһ֮ô߱أ
Ƭ֮ҶϿҵĵҦǰָܲңβܳΪҩʦأ
û⣡
ҦɽӦļΪɴ࣬ڷҶָܹһλӵ鼶˳Ϊҩʦ˵Ҳһ൱гɾ͵顣
ҦɽƺѾԿλѪˣԺܷΪεħ۴ˣ϶Ϊһλɫҩʦ
˷ܵĴ˴֣ҦɽڵھͿʼɣ
ڣ
Ҷ˿Ավŵǵ˵ڿɲУ֮ɣʱһģ㵹ǿԸңҪΪһҩʦҪ׼Щʲô
˵ҲԣҩһŸѧʣҪ׼ȣҪһҩĶ¯ΣҪвϣɣȻǵһҩҾȸг򵥵Ĳҩȥɵ
Ҧɽ˵ҩƼ֮Ҷ˵λǼᣬȻѪ֮У
ͷҸճᣬȵʱ䵽ٻȥ
Ѫ֮зųˣͣʱ䲻̫Ȼͻܵӡķɣޱȵʹࡣ
ҶϴҲǼˣܹͣʱ䣬ֻܴﵽʱͬѪ֮УǱܴﵽʮʱʹ֮󣬲ܱٻ
Ҷ̧ͷ˿棬ҹҶҲѾȫ˯ˡ
ãǾ⸽תתҪ뿪Ժ䣬һҪһᣬʱ䵽ˣǻȥ
֮ĸҲȻƿվԺ֮У˭ҲûдֻǸռһλã̧ͷŷǵҹա
ȻƬǿǲ֪ж೤ʱûпˣٴμǻĸоһʱ䣬ȫ뵽˶µĻ䵱С
ĸ˵ӣҶҲ̾˿ЩѪ֮еҲͦġ
ʵԭҶ׼ѯһѩ˵ģ뻹ȹɣѪ֮Ҳܲˣպеʱ˽⡣
ҶҲǣ±۾Լ塣
̶̾ʱ䣬ȻͨѨλ֮ǰͨѨλĿǰָ⴦ѨλѾȫͨ
ѨλһȻյֻܱһ룬ٶҲǼΪ˵ģ
ҶĿĲڴˣΪԼµĿҪ۳ӡھһᣬٳ۾ӡ
֮УĻֱ֮ǰѾ΢ɳȻѪĲҲõ˲ٵĺôҦɽĻӦѾһƷΪ˶Ʒ
ֵԱߣǰ˵Ŀڵ֮ϵӡҶһǰٴγһƬѪ
Ǹ֮ѪɫӰޱߵ۳һɹɵ磬ХųҶڡ
Ҷǿϵ˵֮УֱڲѾȫ֮ҶʱĽ룬ʼѹЩ
̷ǳ˳ҶԤУԼӦܹɹ۳ӡ
һ𣬱һԲΪŨ̫󣬳ֳ˵ĺɫ
ڴѹ֮£һСţСţֱ˽ӴСʱҶһĵĸо
ţΪӵѪ֮󣬵һӡʱҲֹĸо
ʱѾڵӡҪѪսķˣ
ѪսķӦʱһɴźԶϢĿ񱩵ͻȻҶĵ֮С
ղŻѱţĳ֮£ʧȥеķ֮
䡱һźȻը֮ڱÿտյڱ֮ϣȴֶһӡ
ӡڳɹ۳ˣ
ҶЦȴסԼ˷ܼǳӡոۻȺţϽŸղ۾ӡ̡
ϾպʮӡĹؿȴԼܷӡĹؼĻʼջǸ鷳£
ʵղųɹḶ֮́ǰٴεʧܹ̲ûʲôͬҪ˵𣬾ˣ
ѵ˵ΪˡѪսĹӵ˼ӡҪҲȱҪϼ
Ļǰӡ۵Ḷ́ҶԽԽԼ뷨ǶԵģ
ǿҪʮӡĻôͨѨλ
ͨ㣬ҶҲΪԼ滮պ֮·ԡѪսΪѨλͨԽ࣬ջܵԽ࣬п۳ʮӡ
۾ҶɫѾ𽥵Ҳγļ֮գԸɴ಻վ˳ȥ
˼λʱǻѪˡ
ȻǲԸȥһҹȥʱҲˣֻεĸԵͷҶջѪ֮С
ĸ˵ӰոʧɲǣҶһ΢ĽŲԼԺ˹


49 ·
ҶԪԺſڣʵղں˭˵أ
ҶﰵңҿһǽѪȻĻɾ鷳ˡ
ղүүôôˣǳԹ緹ų𣿡Ҷæ˻⡣
ҶԪҲû¶ЦݵүүͶģ
ʲô
ҶԪгһ£ݵҶǰߵƤɵ·ѾԹˣʮӡʹȫĻҲǵ̲ƣԺʹϷɣ
ļӲҶǱκ˶ҪȻ׽ƤƳ·һΪѵ顣
Ҷӹ·ʮֻһ˿˿⣬ƾָо֪϶Ǻö
һ֮Ҷȴ·µݸҶԪүү·Ǹ˰ɣòϣ
ôòϣɱˣ⼸µʱ䣬㶼Σˣ·ٳµĸֶû취ˣ˵Ҳλǰ͸ģ㲻˭
ҶԼĲҪѾ˾ӡټϡѪսĹÿʱÿ̶壬ǿ̶ȣҲǷͬСɣҲܽʵ˵ҪģүүһƬ⣬֮£ֻˡ
ҶԪȻĵĵʹϰɣ
ҶҲˣܸɴ·ã£κ˶
Ҷ·ҶԪĵͷƤ㹻ü·ģΪһʵ̫鷳֪Ū˶ٰѵǿһպҪܹŪõıʱٶһһ
үүᵽõıҶ鲻Խ뵽Ǳ񽣣иƤĻӦûʮɡ
ڼʶ񽣵֮ҶҲ˺õĳĿǰ϶ҪԼָӲĶࡣ
ֻǾǵľڶûһƷԼʱǲҪȥˣ
ˣҶԪŵߵȫΪ㽫˰ɣ
ҶĲҪˣȻߵͨˣӵѪ֮ΪﻹҪ龧ʯЩ
Ҳ֪ԼͬҲѣҲͲˣȴǴ⣬պлĻߴǡ
ڵҶĥ֮ҲʶһҪ뱣Լļ壬Լǿ֮⣬ʵõİ취Ǽе˶ǿ
뿴ҶĿǰֻһʮӡĸ֣ٶǾӡӡĸ֣ټڵɽžͲ˸Ҷҵ⡣
ҶûپܾҶԪҲ¶ЦݵγΣȻΪԵʣþŶҶǸ߿һۣԼҲҪӣñΪҶ˱Ϣģ𣿡
ף
Ҳ²⣬γʽ֮󣬿»ᰲһЩдԣЩϹͷǲϳˣǶӿҪȥչ¶һ£У͵˾ӡ۷壬˵ʮӡ֮£޵֣
ӣҶ㵱ǿҴϢԼҵĳ־ΰʮ꣬ѾǰӡˣĻãҪ֣Ͼӡӡ۷壬ҲǰӡֵĶ֡
Ҷüëӡ
ҲԣϴԼүү˵ǿҪͻưӡˣŶ೤ʱ䣬үүԼ϶ûͻƣȻǰӡĶˡ
ʵϣڶԸ۲ԳʱԼѾɷϵӡֵĵˣ˵ˣ
ȫ´ͨѨλ۳ӡϡеĺУټϴ£ҶţԼʮӡĸ֣Ҳû䣡
ˣҲ̫ģˣ򲻹䣬ҶĿǰֻҪҶվסţʰʰ·һȥ緹ɣ緹֮Ǿͳǰݷǡ
Σκһ˵һ£ԵȵҶһ˸ϵݷǳʱ򣬳ǰǿ·֮Ѿͣ˲ƥȻ˱ҶҵĻ硣
ҶҶڵΣҲǸӣҶԪԴӣҽҶҶڶټ˻
ȻҲˣȫ㳲Ȼ˶ף¹ѻγǰ¸ӡ󣬶Լķչкܴĺô


50 ࿴
˸ӣжʮʮң˸Сɣ񣬸емȫڳ̶ֳ֪ˡ
ҵļɵϲʶҲƽѻǵˣ˿̶ЦĻк
ҲǺģȻЩСǸռһݷǳǰҲͬƳȻҪˡ
ֵĳ֮£Ҷүү󲮺ҷԴ֮䣬ǰְ罻ԼⱲҲ
ҶȴҲע⵽ˣԼļЩ֮Уľģڱϣ󲿷˶Ҷҵˣ֮жżֹ
ȻȻΪҶҵʵȽǿҶԪȻ˸֮еʮӡĸҲ߰˸ҪŸεĻҶԪ֮ǵһ
ҲҶԪ֮ǰҶ֮УҶӡ۷壬ͬǵ֮ĵһ
ʵҶĸҶƷɻڵĻʱգĳɾ;ܹҶ죬ʮӡ
֮УҶҲСҵĴ֮УһлӡһΪ֮Ŀ
һУҶΪףҶҲŻӵ˵ĵλ
ҲΪʲôҲϧðҲҪɱҶԭҶ֮˲żüãҶɳĻպ˵ҶˣݷǶҶҵˡ
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬺ȻоƺڰпԼ΢΢תͷֹȻԶһˣ̬ĮĴԼ
˭ҶǲʶҶȴҶѭҶĿ⿴˹ȥ֮ŶԼҵ־ΰȻȥҵ°ܽڣ˵ѾӡҲĶˣ
ԭүүԼ֮ҪСĵǸ־ΰҶĻȴҶȤ磬֣
Ҷͷγ֮ʱ˰֮д裬Ҿͺ֣Ȼ곤꣬ʱҺӡܸңʱ꣬û뵽Ѿǰӡˣȴֻӡ
ҶԴһ˿ԳȥԼˣѾԼǿˣָоȷܡ
磬żӡҲԶˣպ϶ǿ
Ǻǣ
ҶİοҶֻǸЦκ˶ԼܹڶʮﵽӡȻ˵۷壬Ҫ۰ӡûиʮʱģ
ʱһЦͻȻ𣬽γڳ˵ǰ
˷ϲ¾ˬ໻·ӵ緢
ȻҲֻʮӡĸ֣˭ǾŵŵأоΪȳ֮λ
࣬˼æ׷ǰأҲЦһһӦţֻڿҶԪʱ򣬵ҶԪϹһҶҲ˰
ͳŵҶԪΧѾˣŶҶң࿴
˵ãֻͬҶζɾͲˡ
ҶԪҲе⣬û뵽ྐྵȻ˸Ҷӣæһǰ˫ס˫۵ˣɷҶĳˣ𣡡
ֱӣȺеҶҶЦŵ˵ͷҶҲ΢ЦŻӦ̤ʵ
Ҷȴں棬ôûź;ˡ
֮ڵİ֮£˷׷׽׼õĴ֮ڣѾ˷ʢϯѾʱ磬Ҳ˸óԷʱˡ
ҵļ͸ɵܹϯԼΪλռ˴ϯ
ȵȫ֮󣬵һƣ˵λӽ쿪ʼͽΪݷǵĳᣬλǵĳʲôĲԵĵطλܹлˣ
˵֮һ
ȻҲǷ׷֮󣬶ǰľƱͬһ
ϯʼˣ˿ʼַǰྴƣ߲ܣƵա
Ǿŵˣʮ¶ǣȻ͸ûһ˿⡣
˶˵֮󣬵ྐྵȻžƱߵҶǰЦеĵҶϵܣⱭʦ徴ģ
󲿷˲׵仰˼ôҶúõָʦ˽飿
ֻ֪
֪ǲ֪ȻȥҶƣ˶Ľˡ
ҶҲûϵᵱô˵Լæվҵҵ
֮Ҷʵˣôûλǰǻȥ𣿡
¶˿Цûлȥֻǣһ֪ˣ
ĻҶеɻ󣬼ȻźλǰȻݷУôôҪӣôûأ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһ˼Ҵҵı˵ǰĶС˵˼䣬֮󣬵ɫʱ䣬Ҳ˲Ϻ˴к˵æ˳ȥ
Ȼ˵ᣬҶǼΪ˵ĻˣӢڵүˣ


51 Ӣү
ڵĲֻϯ˶һͷˮȻҶ˵ĻǶӢڵүҲһ֪
ڲƬ̵ʱ䣬һ˵Ц˽Ϊ׵λˣʮ꣬üĿòΪӢҲǹֻü֮һɰ
˵󻹸òΪƵˣЦ
γ࣬ȴЦ˵ߣӵ̬ϣ˾ܿĳڰͽλˡ
Ŀţܹ˰ͽˣݸǺأ
һʱ֮䣬ȴû˸ҿ˵
ڣߵϯԭԼλϡ
ϯλȻλˣȻ̧һɨϵˣһߵ࣬ûиȻñүЩͬԷ
ϯĶǰ֮иҵҲҶԪڣ仰ûнЩ˷ǳıʾԼӡ
ȻҲ֮˶ǰǳ̲סҪˡ
Ҷͬüͷ΢עλӢڵүȻԼүүүү̣ԼҲһҪ취үү
ϯҶԪȻģЩ˶ϽˣõЦԼ϶ǲˡ
ҶԪȹһЦλ˵ĶԣЩУܺ͹һԷ
˵֮վֱߵҶڵϯλǰҶæվ𣬽Լλøүӣһ
ҶԪͷȻҲǷ׷վ𣬸Դ֮󣬾ͻص˸Լɵϯλ֮ϡ
εվЦҲǣŭҲǣȵ˶ϯ֮ٴһɵ˵࣬òЩʣʣҳ԰ɣ
ҲңæкˣŸʲôϽȥ
ֱ˽ϵľϯ֮ȥƤһκˡ
ЦŶŴе˵λΪҽһ£λӢڵү
ŵĽܣͬҶԪڵļˣͬʱһϵĲ֮ɫҲ֮Ȼ޴档
ȻӢڵЩ֪ġ
Ҷʵ̲סˣʵүүӢڵʲô
ҶԪ˿ϵҶ̾˿ѹӢں;һǵɣӢڴǧ֮ãʵҪ̫࣬ݷǣңǺͰĳǶӢڵΧ
ȸ½֮ϣС򣬴󵽸ǣŸָ֧ţеңеɣݸĴСƿصĵȻҲͬ
ţȻҲǵɣʵǿֻƹݷһСǡ
һЩʵǿɣܹͬʱƿʮУΪ˷ǸǽԼϽµĳкϲΪ
ȸ½̫ʮУСһҲݷǴҡ
ݷڵ֮УҶʸȽϵģֻʮ֮ãǧɣʷ֮ƾã֮ȻҶЩܱģӢϽ¾Ȼǣֻһǵľʵȷǿ̫ࡣ
ȸ½ǿΪѹֵλүùͿأ
ʱѾõľƲҪϰڣȴһɲΪ˳Էģ࣬ϽҳȻĻҲˣ
վԭأҲҶˣĿ˵֣࣬ʾǶ£ȻСĵүСȷݷˣҵλʦȥˣѾȥˡ
ⷬˣԭλүΪأҪʲôõġ
λþ˭ڳм֪ǾŮ£
Цŵ࣬˵ǳҿûзҲܣʱ֮ڣãҾ
ⷬ˶ֱüͷһӵܣԼɵ浽Ϊ
һͬǰλˣҲеȥˣüͷ΢΢𣬲Ȼû˵
ʱ򣬴⴫һͬŮʲôҪˣ磬ӢȥǾŵĵҰ
£һɫӰѾͬһһ˴
һŻɫ·ŮŮ޲ǰһеĿ⣬Ůϡ
ֻŮʮ꣬񻣬üɨδʩ죬ͦεıһС죬һ˫Ĵ۾ƺ˵һڴ֮Ĵת
һ׵Ůӣ
ŮʱһһҲ¶ĵЦݣæվãˣ
ŮӰӼӰһĸ˽ҶۿȥǾźš
źŽ֮˫ĿһɨȫҶ΢΢˵ͷֳҲ˵
ʱȴǸԼǴĳź;ŵ̲Ʋ˵Ҷأ


52 
¾ȻյҪҶȻǳڳ˵ϣʶҶģĽĿ⼯еҶϡ
仰֮ɫʱ䣬˫֮оȻ͸һɱһһɨͬʱҧгݵĵĸҶվ
ź;Ҳɫ䣬ǿǱ˶Ҫ˽ʱ򣬳²ҪҶںҶ
ҶĶҲ˵ĴҶǧվǲģ
ҶҲڷ㶣û뵽ΪʲôúõҪԼ
ֻǳҪԼôĲһվȻҲԼټź;ŵѣȴ΢΢һЦվҺʾĿŵҾҶ
ҶȻվź;Ŷһۣ¶˿ЦҶмҪˣ˵ǳѾһǰҶԭҶ˵˾ƲһΪͺܴأԭôСܾ¾Ʋ϶
ͬʱҲҶ͵˼ҶСǹ֣û취̧˳û뵽СģڣԲίģ
ί
ҶЦԼôܹܹ࣬ѣûܹί
СˣʵǾǰȵңҾȵľǰ
»˵źѾһһߵԱߣ˵˼䣬֮תͷһѾҪ뱩״̬΢΢ͷҶпյĻӭ㵽Ǿȥͣ
ãлһŰݷã
µ˵ͷתߵߣһ㵽ô
裬һڳµǰȴǰҲ᲻µĻЦã˵൱˳صġ
ҲŲãҺ
仰֮󣬳ֱԽŵ˹ȥϵЦٿȻ㱻ȡݺݵĿҶһۺһЦתڳµ׷ȥ
һۣ㲻֪ˣҲܿҶǺˣ
˵ﱧŸֲͬĸоַ壬ǵ͵ֻû뵽Ҷƽ޹ʵľһǿУ¿Ҷһš
ͬҶǱż
ҶԪɫأȻҶһҸᣬϽŶ뿪
Ҷ˽ĵͷ
ߵϯ£ǹƤҩһҲԱ£¸ۿתͷŵ磬̲˵극ˣб俴ʲôʱʼ
ѾһӺˣû뵽ԼյϳȻƽôæͷͿԿʼˣ
࿴˵˳էҪʶһλʵԾŪ˸ĽĿˣϣܹҸӣӻԾμӣӮҶбֻд裬Դҵ㵽Ϊֹ򲻿ˡ
˵֮󣬵ȥһյأѾͲúһʱı̨
˶ߵʱҶԪҶգգۣʾϽҶ뿪
ȻʱּҵһȴǸߺһҶһҪٴս㣡
һ仰Ҷ˵϶һ˿ŭȻҶҪ͵͵뿪ǲܵˣ
ʵҶѹûҪ뿪һĻ΢΢һЦʱ򣡡
ǣ⣬̨Ҳӣ˷ֱ
ߵ̨룬Цŵ֪λԸ

һȺ𣬽һͷԵ˱̨ȳΧһȦҾȻĵҽţ޼ӣӡ˭սң
ţĻ˲һЦȻС֫ͷԼ򵥵ֱͣʵԸ񣬵˶кøС
ţĻ£̾˱̨˫򵥿䣬Ĵ
ӡ֮µĴ򶷣ûʲôԣԴҴҲǿ֡
˴һ֮ţʤȻ˿ʼַ̨սģ̨ҲԽԽ࣬ʵҲԽԽߡ
Ϊ˶֪Ȼһǿֻͨд裬ʵϣλγҪͨд֮У۲Ҹɵʵ
ʵͬܵĴȻҲ֮ͬ룬ҸҲʼֱɳԼеĺ֣ܹڵǰһ̵ӡ
䣡
һ촫̨ڱƴʱ򣬾Ȼͬʱ˱̨˸ƽ֡
˵̨Ⱥ֮һ˳𣬾̨дԶľ룬ûκζƺӰһѾվ˱̨ϡ
һ֣ȻӮ˲˵ĺȲ
ҶҲϳˣүӶԼǸԼҵ־ΰ
־ΰվڱ̨ϣ˫ȴĶסҶҵϯ֮ڵҶϴһսҰ֣һֱвʣղָ֪ܷһ£


53 
־ΰĻҶҴ󲿷ֵɫһ䣬ҶΪʮ粻־ΰĶ֡
ֳ֮£־ΰյսҶǷԸ⣬Ҳûѡء
Ȼֱ֪Ȼ䣬ΪҶҵ棬ֻнս
Ҷ΢΢һЦվȻôңȻҲˣ
˵֮Ҷߵ˱̨ϡ
Ⱥ֮а⣬˵עе˱̨ϡ
Ҷҵʵݷǰ֮йϵǿҶԪҶ죬֮ͬжûе֣ټڸǱŸ߿һȣȻҲ뿴ҶĳӣŶǿʵ
ҶҵȴǶҶһսӡ԰ӡʤĸʵ̫ãˡ
Ҷվڱ̨ϣϹŷƵЦݣȻ֪ԼǶ֣ϣֳԼĴ
΢΢һֵ˵ѾͻưӡսСܶǶ֣Ի飬룡
ֳ֮£ûʾǵʲô˵£ܹҶĻ
ȸˣ־ΰľҸߣӮˣȻʲô˵ˣҲ֮е£ûʲôö˵ġ
־ΰһٷϻɣ
£־ΰѾȳ֣˫ȭѾӳɲ֮䣬̨ѾȭͷƺҶȫ㶼ûа취㡣
־ΰĳ֣ҶȻҲˣ˫̯ʮָڸһڿĻӶһѸٵĽһȭͷȻȫŴС
Ҷ֪ս֡ţγ޵ҪԷڷͬʱҲͨƶֵжӶչ
ڵ״֮£ҶԼ־ΰĶ֣Բй޹֮ȻԷΪֵܹס־ΰĹôû׼ܹҵյԷ
־ΰĵһֹȻҶʩչĴεס
־ΰȴǸֳһ˿мЦݣͻȻзһ𣺡ƣ
оȻһĥ̴С۶ɵʵʵȭͷȻҶǰĴȥ
һʮᣡ
˵ղ־ΰȭͷһֻֻɶ꣬޷ҶôЩɶѾţһֻӥݺݵײ
䣡
޷סȭͷĳȻը˿˶ޱȵȭͷƵ֮ͷҶȥ
ҶжȻһ⣬һȭͷУԼ㲻Ҳöӡ֣۳ɵʵ廯ȭͷǿޱȣ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷȫ˽ż֮ϣ˫һ㣬һԾ࣬ǡö㿪ȭͷͷȴ΢΢һʣȭͷ˸ߣ˳Ƴȥҡ
סΣҶ΢΢һЦ־ΰһֵˣ
ʱ˿̣ڳﶼҶΪ˴Ĵָ
Ϊ˶ܿĳҶʵȫԶ㿪־ΰһȭͷƫƫüһ㣬Ȼ䣬ûж棬˾ǫѷ񣬾дҷ緶
ϾĹ䣬ҪĸʵʵĴ˺Ҫ̫ˣ
ҶԪʼŵüͷʱҲɿˣԼĳԴƵ£ǵûи嶪Ը̬䣬ΪҶӮ˲ٵĺøС
˵Ҷһս٣
־ΰȻҲô£ԼӮˣŪ÷ҶԼ
ʲȥҲûа취ϾղŵѾһǿдΪˣҶѾˣֻܼܼܲЦǿҶҶҾҪǵϰˣ
Ȼ־ΰ˼ҶҵһͶȷǺǿӿɾûõóֵˣ
仰˵Ǽˣ̨ϵҶȻɫҶԪҲǰԼﱻƲ˭ܵ
ҶԪҲ֪Ҷ֮ȻҶţҶϾʮ꣬ӡ۷壬Ҳ־ΰĶֻ֣ǿ
ҶԪˣҶҲˣҶȴ̲ˣ΢΢һЦվ־ΰҴΪҶҳ㣬ӣû뵽㲻м򣬼ȻôʶôҾҴѵѵ㣡
־ΰҶĻŭЦһָҶҶɣʮӡȷеţ㲻ҪΪľ޵ˣҾ֪ʲôˣ졣
ҶĴݷ˼֪ղŽʱ־ΰѾע⵽ҶˣֻΪҶ̫󣬲˼ȻսҶȻû뵽ҶȻҪԼ֣⡣
ȻҶҳҶٻҶҶôԼҵȻҲ־ΰĿģ


54 һȭ
ҶҲ־ΰϻ̨ȥʱҶԪ̲סǳ
ҶתͷҶԪգգ۵үү԰ɣ˵֮󣬼ǰȥ
ҶһгģҶԪ΢΢һ㶣а뵽ѵСѾͻƵ˰ӡˣ
ҪҪסҶСʵ
ҶԪ϶Ҷ϶ͻƵ˰ӡټϻ£㲻УҲʲôˣ΢΢һЦҡҡͷã԰ɣ
仰˵ҶҲĪôˣҶС嶯ˣôүҲֹˣ
Ҷ̨ȴеҶ˷ϾҶҶҵϣ
Ҷȭͷ磬úõĽѵ
Ҷĸţ磬һָͷ
һֹ̣ҶˣڳˣעҲڼеҶϡ
ȻҶûǹǳ¾ȻҶмӣͳ㣬ͱҪ취ŪҶ
ڣǳϣ־ΰܹҶʡ鷳ˡ
ַ˶һ֮ղջĿ⣬Ǳκ˶Ҫ˽ҶҶԪ
ΪҸһλӡĸ֣Ҷ˵ⳡԵĺҲ־ΰɡ
Ҳ뿴ǸʱҶʵûʲô仯ҲǶԴҶҶҵ̬ȡ
Ҷϱ̨Ҷ±ֵ̨νʱҶĵܣ󣬲ҪӲȭͷ
֪ˣ
˵עĿ֮£Ҷվ˱̨ϣȻͱ־ΰҪС꣬ӡѪսȫÿλĴڿٵķţ۸ͷ־ΰҪ϶١
־ΰĵҶϣ㲻Ҫ⣬Ҫ˿ɲҪޱӰ
Ⱥ֮жʱһЦ󣬲ĵһ֮̾Сȥ
תͷź;ŵƲ̲ҶӮ𣿡
Ŵ㲻ӮҲúѿȽ
Ų֪Ҷľ磬ǼʶҶľ׮ϰƶģֻҪҶʩչô־ΰı߶ôӮҲ֮ϡ
õŵĻش𣬳µ˵ͷƺǷˣһĻУ
־ΰļ֮ҶɫΪƽȸղҶԵûҪһЦԼȭͷһȭԣ
򵥵ĸ֣Ȼ󣬵ȴĴڳÿһ˵Ķ֮УЩڴЦǲı͡
ȻǺΪҶԴޣѹס־ΰǿҶ飬ȴ޷仰
־ΰ˫֮жȻ絶񣺡˵ʲô
ҶȻԼȭͷ˵һȭͿԻ㣬סˣ־ΰֻһγֵĻᣬҷȰ㣬ǧҪһҪȫȻĻ㲻лˣ

־ΰЦҲе̲סЦҶҶԪΪףüͷ
һȭ־ΰôأ
ҶҲͻƵ˰ӡͻƵʱ϶û־ΰȻ֮Ҳ־ΰ࣬ôܹס־ΰȫһȭѾǲˣ޿ܷһȭ־ΰ
ҶǵĵôˣҸղ˵ˣ־ΰǿǧҪӲӲ
־ΰָҶҶҶСС;˿һģڿұҪѵˣҾҪ󣡡
˵֮־ΰֳŵ๰ֵˣҶĻҲˣȻǲҪˣȫ֮£û׼˵Ҷʱˡ
üͷһٶһҪҶӣڣķչѾԼˡ
ȵشҶѾ̾˿һڵ־ΰϻô࣬㵽׸Ҳҳˣ
Ҳԣο־ΰˣҶ仰˵֮ɫѾ࣬Ҳͬʱ˾ƴŻܵͷҲҪҶÿ
Ҷҵģ
£־ΰˣ
ȻҶҪ־ΰû˿ıԼڵȫ
ʱ˿ֱ̣ۼ߸߹͹ȭͷ֮ϵƣͬһӿ˳
һȸղŹҶ֮ʱҪϼֵľȭͷ˿У
ȭͷŷ·ܹصƣҶǰȻ˹
̨Ͼˣܸо־ΰȭͷ֮ɢǹǿˣȻҶȴɫƽվƺһһſеǸȭͷԼԽԽ
ֱȭͷҪ嵽ҶǰʱҶڻľԼȭͷ


55 
һ̣ҶҵѾȫվÿ˶ɫţ΢΢ǰ㣬Ҷǽ˫֮ϣ׼ҶʲôĻԼܼʱ־Ԯ
źҲͬƴǾţҶľˣʮֶƢҲҶԼǰʲô⡣
µҲ˿˿ţ֮л˷ܺͺ棬ĺ뿴˾ŵˣжǿʵ
˫ȭգǽţڴڴ־ΰһȭֱӽҶ
ҶȭͷȻǾȭͷ֮ʵ޻û˿
һ̲סڵòԵһȭɣ
ĺôܹӵԶԶӡԽ࣬ԽǿܹͷųȻҲԽ
԰ӡ֣Ա۶ȭͷǾӡĸ֣ҲԲд󵽽ȥ⡣
˵ɻڴ֮УҶȭͷڳһֱߵĻ˳ȥ
䣡
ȻҶȭͷ־ΰ۳Ǹ˶ȭͷһȴ˾춯صľ֮
һɺƵڱ̨ը˿ܼ
Ҷû˿ȭͷǵֱӻ־ΰ۶ȭͷǼֱ룬ݺݵ־ΰȭͷ֮ϡ
һصƺߣ־ΰǶߵķһһѪ꣬߸ߵķɳ˱̨
һ̣ط·𶼰
һӰεضԼҵ㻹ѣӲڿн־ΰסˡ
ֽס־ΰԼҵļɽӡĸ֡
ڲ鿴һ־ΰ֮ɽ־ΰݸԼˣȻȻ˫ֱȭų̋ϵҶ˹ֵлҶС顣
ɽ仰ͬһǾһ㣬е˸ը˹
Ҷʵ޻һȭͬ˵־ΰ˶ɳȥҾȻˣ
ǾźţҲе㲻ԼĶ䣡
ʵˣҶȷˣ
ҶʵǾӡټѾͨѨλӡĸ֣ҲȱҪ߳
־ΰǰӡҶӵе־ΰҪ߳ʮ֮࣡
ҶֻһҲҪ־ΰ
־ΰֻܵˣ˹ȥȻҶˡ
磬
ڣҶ˷ܵĺһɤӣ˵Ļǹλˡ
˿ҶĿⶼˣоȣг羴Ľη壬ȻҲּ˵ʹޣ
ҶѾʵˣΪѾԾӡˣ
ʮ꣬ӡڳ˶һݺݵĴ
ص̾˿¶ظ飬Ϊʱ˿̣ҶһȭϣѾ޼ҶԴҶҵ̬ˣȻܻ̿᲻̫˳ǽӦԱס޼ҡ
ַ壬ȴûٵ̬Ҳͬ˾ǵȵȥ֮̾ԼĴīǰӡ壬ȾʦȾҶϡ
ּѾٵȥˣϴҰɱҶŹȥ̶µʱ䣬ҶʵȻ˿ߣҶȥҶȻּҰɱĳģˣֻּΪǿץסһεĻˡ
ҶԪĿг³һϾ¶˲õЦݣ֮ˣԶԶҴ֮ʱҶһǸʱ
ΪҶϣڿԿϣĹâˣǸʼǣŵģҶطڵϣ
µͬЦݣ˾ƯһЦһԵĶˮˡ
½ĻȴʶˣҶĻԼԶòλõġ
Ʋ̲ǻȥүү˵һҶǾŰɣõ״ӣ
ź˶һۣЦҡҡͷû˵
ȻҲϣҶܹţҲ֪Ҷҵıһɽڡ
˵űȲڣӢҲȲڣ˼ҰθëĴȴ֣Ҷôõһӣôܷأ
ɵʵԽǿܹµӵʹȻԽãǵ֮ߵҲԶÿ˶ŴɣǴɲյ£Ż᲻òСɡ
ȻվߵһԣʼոҲæȥ
˭ȥҶ磬㲻ܴҲУ
һ˵˲үǳˣô˼򰡣ȥĻҪЦӢ˵ġ
ʱһǸòȥɣ

ǱȻӢڵүʵҲֻаӡڼʶ˸ղҶһȭ֮ȥҶĻԻĺܲҡ
ԥһº֮һֻܿڵүҾȥ΢ѵѵɣ
ŶЦЦһ붸ȻҶȻӢۣӢڵĵӿҲдд裬ôҲҴ򣿡


56 ò
ʯ쾪һ仰ʱϸոոֳЦݵҶˣһ㶣ű΢΢ɫ
ӢŶҵɣ֪֮еӵʵ֮ߣھȻҪҶдһ£ҪҶѿ
ΪڳЩ˻϶е㿴ȥˣǸǲӢڣֻܰҶҸеˡ
ź˶һۣвͬʱ̾˿Ը⿴ΣڻǷˡ
ϲ£ɵӶ֪飬Ϊһû㲻֮⣬ȫҲҲһŵˣԲǳ£ǳµĸףүү
ӢүݣȻŵҲҵֻͬƨһڳµ
ȻڣȻҪӢڵĵȥҶд裬źҲ̲ȥˡ
ֱһǰ΢ЦĵүڵӶǳĸˣαҪһСһʶأ
Ȼ֪ŵĿģһЦϹѵҽ£ɲҪɨҵ˰
˵˵ˣǾŵҲ
űȾҪص㣬ûгȥǰͱͱ£ʱֻгܹƵסˡ
üͷһ壬ĳ㿴бȥҶд谡Ӣڵȥʲôͣ
仰һ˵ҪҸԼĳ嶯ˣǰæң
ô˵̼ҪȥҶ˵ҶӮãأ
ˣǰҶˮҶƢԸǲܣӮˣ¾ûˣպҶҲаӹˡ
ʵˣҶڸղֵʱ򣬿ԼүүΪͲˣͲиѵѵһˣԭ׼±̨Ǿ仰֮ͣ½Ųվ̨ϣ΢ЦĵȴӢڵˡ
ȻһͼˣһšȻÿˣȻҾȥҶдд裬ЩɽҰС֪ʲôĸ֡
һתȻ⡣
æ˵ֵܣǣݷڸҵǺ˽⣬ҶȻֻһͨңҶҼҶԪǵʮ֮һڵŵӣҶѾڶŵӣҪĻʱھԲưոݡ
ӢǸǧɣȸ½ϵĵʮȣǸûпɱԣ
ȸ½֮ϵңССܵǧȻзޣ޺ħ޵𣬵ǵʮţָľڵ֮ۺʵǰʮɣǻ˵
ˣֵܵɫҲˣ
Ȼŵⷬǰ٣ֵȴŲɣžԲЦڶŵӵ飬ڼʶҶǿʵ֮û˻Դɡ
ʮаӡʵκһɶŹӣպҪص
Ҷڿ϶ŹӢڣһŭ֮£Ӣڶпܣ
ֵܼæһȭлѡ
˵֮˾ߵߣʵΪ˻ˣǶ漰ԼɰΣĴ£ȴǲе
֮ҲǱձɫ󻰶ѾųȥˣٳĻԼӿɾǶˡ
ѵʱ򣬱̨ϵҶȴǲͷˡ
֪ź;Ǻ⣬˵˰죬ͻȻƻˣûļȥĵȻӢڵĵôңȻ㣬ֻǣأ
ڷҶˣ޺һţֵܵѵû𣿻ȥ˼ҵȵĲͷˣȻǵֵܵĺӣǳ֮ҲҪеִ磬΢ѵ㵽ɣ
ѾòˣѵҶʲȥԸɴͽҶ仰ֵȥ΢ѵһҶ
ֻд裬ҶˣҲڻ鷳˰ɣ
ֵܸ꣬ܲڵ˼˶һۣε̾˿
ܣȥҶддɣסүĻ
϶Ϊ£ʱ˵ͷ׵ģ
˵֮һѾվ˱̨ϣҶĶ档
¶Ҷһ֣̬ʮֿĵҶС磬ղſСֻһʱСдһ£СģҾԲԴСһὫѹڰӡ
ҶжôĿߣµ̬ȵȷǺܳϿңҶȻҲ˵ʲôֻܵͷܺǰд裬Ҳңǰߴͽ̣룡


57 ս
µĻҶ˵ķΪҲܿҲβųֵģҶԴҶ̬˿ôͲ֡
ֻҪҶ֮ǣдһҲʲôԵ£
ȻҶղѾչʾ˾˵ʵǴʱ˿̣û˻ΪܹӮ¡
Ѿ˵ὫΪѹưӡľ磬ǳĸʲô
ΪֻǰӡܹƣǽֵĹؼЩ֮⣬ܶء
˵ս
¿ʮ꣬ҶҪңս֮ḻȻҶܱģ⳾ĸ֣̤볾һ𣬾Ϳʼսӡеս֪Ҫٱ
ˣ˿ҲǱһֵֿ̬ȣ׼úһλֵıˣϾƽﳾĸ֣һ涼ѣ˵лʶǵĳˡ
µͷǿʼɣҶС磬ȳֺˡ
˵֮»˺˫ֱĿƽעҶȻûκζѾɢһε˵ĸоѾˣǱһɽԨsţ߲ʡ
̨ϵĿƺֹͣ޴ѹ
¹ҪҶʩѹֵʵֻǽѹڰӡľ磬ɢƣȴԶԶ߳ӡˣ
Ϊ㣬Сˣ˵ˣǸܵƣѹֵûУֱӲս԰ˡ
ڳÿһλӡߵУӿһĽԼҪҲܹͻƵǸöð
Щ˵ĿƶҶϵʱĽ㻯˾ȡ
Ϊʱ˿̣Ҷƺһ㶼ûܵɢƺѹӰ죬վȻǱŸղͬ飬΢Ц˫Ŀע¡
Ҷ̬ȣµҲǰͳݴݺ򶨣պسɴ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶЦһ˵Ҳɲ֮䷢˱仯
ڱ˿֮ϣһɹɵɫתţһսɢ˳սԽԽŨĿ⣬ڴʱ˿̣·Ϊһϵ͵Ŀ
ԣ
޲ﵹ˿
ԳֵƣҶǵӰ죬ԼƺԿҴĿǰ˾Ȼ൱
ôܣ
˵ղ»ҶʱѾת˾ɣţӿһ˿˿η壡
һĸ֣ȻһӡСеη壬Ҫ˵ȥĻû˻ţ»Цˡ
ʵʮ֮ǰҶҲӵǿƣʮ֮У߲ŵģѪеĺ
ѪħҪѺУ֪̺֮ŵİԵͱŰͬʱħĲͷŭ
ҶͬʱЩҲ֮Ȼ͸Ҷÿһλ
ʱ˿̣ܵƵӰ죬ҶЩԵŰͷŭȻͳͳı˳
²ֻǳ߶ѣӡǰǸ߸ϵģѪ֮ǧħǰƨ㲻ϣη壬Ҳʮ顣
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59 ӵս
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60 ľ
λֻ֣Ծӡ۷徳ɢǿƣڳʮӡĸǶòҲͷųԼñԼߵЩ̫͵Сǣ
֮ҪѹƵӡ۷壬ʵҲ֮٣ΪʩչһУҲҪ˾ܳɹʩչ
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ҶϣһɺʾµƣҲĲţҶ峺˫֮У䣬һ΢΢ŵĺ⣬֮˸¶ִƶԿĻԼ˵ҪҶ
˵ڵһɽôҶһ޸
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ʱ˫֮еĵѾ۳һϴС׵ڱ˿ƺղĹûʲôֻͬһѣѵΪľˣ
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61 ɽ
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62 ƽƽ
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Ȼսȷǿ֣֮ҲҪʲôʩչģĳЩΪŵ˵УսҲԻǿս
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ף֮ôȫǿҶϣպҶʵĲߣٲˣѣˡ
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ȱﲻסʵҶ˵ʵڵʲôΪˣ
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۾ģģŲģĵȵȣͨʶʵ֡
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ˣʮֺ棬ҶΪ׵ʲô磡


63 ֮ѡ
ʶ޷͸˵ΪʵҲټϾǵ˳Ƕ֪˿ԼʵԼ˵϶ʲô£ԣ˸ָ赲ʶİ취繦ȵȡ
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⣬ҲڳˣҶԪ֪𰸵⣬ˣ˵עȻȫеҶϡ
ҶЦŵʵղŲ˵𣬾ӡ
ԣ̽еղΪʩչеѹ˾ӡ۷״ֻ̬ǾӡĻƵһУУɽӣ۳֮࣬ͬľӡֵı֮ࡣ
ҶòŵȻǾ׼֮һ۾ͿԼڵȷֵ֮ͬࡣ
Լ˵ѾʵˣԼǾӡ˫һ̯òΪѾʮӡ˰ɣ
ͷ⵹ҲܣΪҶʮӡĻͲǼ򵥵ĻˣܹﵽƵĵز
ǸղҶʩչɽӵʱεٶȺͷʽеۣһصľ룬ԾԲӵʮӡ
Ȼ۾ӡı־Ǵʵ廯ΣҲи̵ģ˵һӡͻƵأ׾ٵˡ
ҶһǰͻƵأڴ֮ǰûгԹΪ״ȻԵۣҲõ֤֤Ǹոս뵽ӡ
ҶЦӣȻ֪Ҷ϶ʲôǲ˵ԼҲӲ˵ֻܽɻ̽˶ӣҶԪת˻Ҷ֪ϴڹסǼͷڲˣ
ҶԪ˼Ҷ£䲻ŵסˣðŻعͷȻˣǰʲô𣿡
Ҳûʲô£ҾڹסļΪؾˣԺƤҪڹ󸮳סȥ֪Ҷӭ
ҶԪһ֮󣬹ЦӭȻӭˣ
ΪҶҼҶԪܲ׾ⷬĿģҲȷʵ˫ֻӭһλĸסҶңҶҵİȫ˺ܴıˡ
Ҷ΢΢һ֮Ҳ׹мĿ˾һۣܹһλֲʦţľסһСС֮УȻҲҪֺ£Լ˼ǶȴԶԶ£Ҷģ
һԽŵҺ;ˣҴСؾţסڹ󸮣Է޵˻ٴγ֡
ʱȴһתҲҪȥ
üͷС㣬ο͵͵ܳģѾŭˣûгʲô⣬ҪٲȥĻµʱҪԳȥˡ
ҸܻȥˣһȥĻүү϶ҳˡ
ŵһۺ󣬼æοС㣬ŵģӶѬˣûǵİΣֻҪƽؼңֵ֤Ͷϲ£ˡ
ƭˣ³ž˸ҪһȥҲУǣҶһȥ
Ҷպúһڲ裬µ仰㽫еĲæȥС㡭
û˵ͱ´ˣҴɣҺҶ磬㺰þˣʲôСģ
ðɣãҶǺܲϰƺȻҲһȥһҪʱֲ㻹λǰĻǻȥɣ
ź;Ŷһۣղĸֳһ˿Ц⣬ǿų³ģѾͷԸȻʮ˽ˡ
½ʮ꣬ȻеƤǲģھȻΪҶҶԸˣԭȻֻһҶˡ
ҶȻ㣬ȴ̫ˣܹΪŵŮǶھ˵һĺ£ˣʱ˿̣˾ȻתȥҶԪҶܷһ˵
ҶԪ˳һۣЦǺǵվȻԡ
˵֮˾ȻվֱߵһԣҶһԳ£
˴֣ʵǺǣҶϸ磬õǼСô
ΪϵƺˣҶԪͣϸȷʵǴ´ࡣ
²ǹɫ㣬ҸǾŮҶԪܻ᲻ϲѾͷܳΪҶҵϱҲһϲ¡
ҶԪЦŵͷСۼò֮ѡ
һѽƵԱߣԼڵҶϸ磬ǶһˣҲͲҪĨˣǿС㳤ģҶ϶Ƕ˼ˣȻǲǸĸٿһҶϸҲͬĻͻȥʱҶϸ׾ˣ


64 ҷ
˵ί񣬵Ǿſɾǿ˿ˣֱ˵ľͽ˵˳
ҶԪ֮󣬿û̸𸴣Ȼ֮УǵĻ¶ǳ˵ģҶϾҶδϣҲ
˵ͱͨҪĶ࣬ʮıȱȽǣʮҲȷ̫˵㡣
ˣҶԪ濼ǹ֮λףСҲϲҲˣ뻹ͬ⣬Ȼٸλһ𸴣вУ
УȻУֻ£ǶϷȻҪԸؿһ£żæڴͬʱݺݵɾһۡ
컹˵Ѿ㲻˵ͲҪ˵һȻҶǲֲһ˵þͺãСֲѵ㻹޲ôżʲô
һ˵ͷԼƺе̫żˣú¼޲ȥһ
ʵԳµ๫ĻƾŵĴŶܱ̤ơ
ȻϣǾŵȴ䣺㶮ʲô㽫СĻ¶ҲĳЩ˵룬Ǹҿͷ
ֵ߶죬ǱҶʹ˻ڱضȥ˾Ϊó´ӦͺһȻؼȥ
˻֮ɫǸԻطϢҶոߵԼſڣҶԪȵҷȥ
ǣ
ҶȻ֪үүԼʲô£ҲܲȥֻӲͷƤүүߵķ䡣
뷿֮ҶԪʾҶŹϣȻһ£
Ҷ˵ֱӹڵأҶԪһһϸĺɫľѾС
ľҶ˸£Ҷҵļҷ
û뵽үүȻݷҷЯ
ҶԪһƨҶǰϣ˳ֽҷŵϣĵ֪ΪʲôҪҷ𣿡
ʱҶﻹаڱ̨ʱǹɰˣͷ͵ϥǣñӺߺߴ˶ٵ΢֪
Ҷ⸱ӣҶԪʹ첻٣
ʵöҶüҷŻŻѣ˭Լô࣡
֪ߣȻ֪˵˵
ûнԼʵΪүүһֱ
ΪʲôҪң
ΪΪҪүүһϲ
Ҷ̧ͷĻܿҶԪڲϵ΢΢˺ܴǱסԼЦ
ϲҵĿǾţ֪֪վڱ̨ʱҵ඼첻ˣҿǸûнҷﰡ
Ȼǻﻰ֮͸¶ĹذҶȴǱ˭
Ѫ̫شǡѪսĹ̫棬Ҷĺ뽫е鶼˵Ҳ֪Լ˵ֻүүӵĵԼ죬³һ䣺үү֪ˣԸܼҷ
˵֮ҶѾɢȥ˻۾׼ܼҷƲˣҶй涨ܼҷʱ򣬲࿹⡣
˰죬ûеȵҷĴãүү˫ֳԼǰԽԼ
̧ͷүүϴŵԺοҶıӺȻе㷢ᡣ
ɵӣүүأүү֪㲻үү϶үүΪ㵣ģҶԪҶͷѾˣǸˣҲȨΪԼˣԺ󰡣ʲôȥʲôֻҪסʲôүүҶңվ֧㣡
үүҼסˣ
ҶסҪۿᣬĵ˵ͷ
ˣˣϽȥϢɣһˡ
ˣүүҲϢ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱҶԪͻȻгסˣмˡ
ʲô£
ǸղžźλǰҪС޸㣬ȻҲóС㲻û̴ӦǣҪԸԸ⣿
Ҷ֮ɫæҡͷԸ⣬Ը⣬үүϽ˵ɣͻС˵вһʱҪμڵĿˣҪרʱȥ̸ۼޣ
ǺǣҶԪȰЦưŵãлŮޣ飬Ҳôһģ㿴ϳС㣬Ҳ϶еŮģ˵ҲԣȷʵҪר֪ôشˣˣϢȥɣ
ҶүүⷬûɵĶһ£ȻԺ֮о͸ֳһòȴһ̺۵Ů

ӣҶƺŵеζ


65 ¯
үүҲ֪ûнȻ
ϵĶҶȻǵõȥ֮ǰ˳Ҫݷڹ䣬һҦɽԼҩĺҪĶ¯ȻϽԼҩȡܹΪƷҩʦƳӻԷĵҩ
κһλҩʦ֪Ҷڵ뷨ĻԻЦˡ
ΪҩʦΪ̣ȫ߱ˣҪһƷƷȻƺֻûиʮ鶼Ǻġ
ҦɽΪĸ֣ҩ֮ϲ֪˶ãŲƷѣ֪ҩʦƷѶ֮
Ҷ뷨ͺ쿪ʼѧϰҩиһµʱܳΪƷҩʦһʵ̫ˡ
⵹ҲܹҶϾҩʦ۳֮Żȥѡ֮Թûӡ˾ͿʼԳΪҩʦԺܶණȷǲ֪
ҶصԼķ۾ʼÿ춼Ҫе
Ҷ˵Ը͵׾ҲԸߵȻ˻кܶĺô֮ĻҲǲٵġ
ڽԭǲ㽫ԼΪʵչֳģԸΥµսò¶ʵʵ
ڣյĽǳ⣬סݷǵҲԼĿ࿴֮ǲõҶҵİΣˣ
ⲢҪŬˣǡǡ෴ҪǰŬԼʵ
˶֪ĿǰǾӡ磬϶ΪҪʱͻƵʮӡ
ôҪñ˱뷨ȻĵĿͻƵʮӡ۳Ϊĸ֡
ԼԽǿ˾ԽԼԼȻͲԸҶң
ȻҶûеȿʼ⴫΢ĽŲţҶڵ𣺡˯𣿡
ȻҶҶ壬ǴС󣬶ҶǿߵģȻĶҶҶҲϰߡ
ԴǴҵĴ֮ҶҶҶ׽ҲҶܵʲôѪŨˮԴ̬ȴԾɺǰһ
ڣôˣ徹ȻԼŲ֪ĻҶҶ
΢һҶԼµĿģһߴӦһ߹ȥŴˡ
ȻҶڴӣվſڣҶЦŵ壬СС
Ҷڵϴһ˿εЦݣ֮Ҳû£վ˫֣ƺ֪ſڣҶҶһһվԱߣֻǵͷԼĽż⡣
һҶԿ϶ǵĿˣߵԣϵĲ豭裬һ˫ֵݵҶڵǰ
Ҷе㲻֪Ľӹ豭ҶԼǶһҶڵ壬죬Բƣһͬʱо仰ҲһֱʵԶҵ壬СССǶ׵ĵܵܺã
˵֮ҶеĲһ
Ҷڵ촽е£Ų豭Ҳ΢΢ΪҶⷬе޵ݣʮֺԼǰΪʲôҪôԴԼֶӡ
ԥһ֮ҶҲȻвصķ²豭ҶһһĵԲлл㣡
ҶЦǺǵҶҶԴҶڵ壬һˣ˵Щû˼ˡ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷ֪ˣɫˣҲϢɣҪССǵĶټ
ټҶҶ
һͳȥ֮ҶϷţ¶ЦݣҲůģǼˣǴϹͷŽ飡
ԶҶԪķ֮УҶԪҲĵĹ˷ţ¶οЦݣӽԺҶܹЭˣ
ܿ죬ҶԪЦݱ㻯ǳΪһҶƷɣ
ڶһ磬ҶʹԼЩȫֻǸүүкȻ͵͵˳
֮ҪһΪʵټλãүүԼǷ֮ÿ¶ΣǲΪҲҪŻؾˡ
֮ϣҶ̬ŷй
ݷǣҶİÿٶҪһˣԴҶҽפҶ֮Ĵ࣬ԲĻ·
Ҷᳵ·һҩĵ꣬ԼҪֲҩ˵˳Ϊֲҩģܿƾͽҩõݸ
ţҶһ̣ҪõҩĶ¯ʱݷڵ֮ȴûһ¯ġ
ʼҶе㲻⣬Ϊʲôһ¯ô򣬺ϸһĥ׹
۳пܳΪҩʦݷǰİ˸ӣʮһĸֶûУôܻҩʦҪĶ¯أ
֮ҶЦѣԭԼΪҶѾܴˣڲ֪ʵݷǣһ۵Сǣ򵽳ҪĶġ
Ҫ򵽶¯ֻȥݷңǣ


66 ң
ǸҶңǵֶû˵ϾķΧԶݷˡ
Ȼңǲ¯ģҶȻҪȥңתתˣݷǺң֮ľ֮еԥˣΪ֮·̣ȻҪһҹʱ䣬ǱȽԶˡ
ôҶһȥԶĵطҶϵɽˣطǵݷҲм飬е㲻֪Լ׸òȥңˡ
Ƭ֮Ҷ㷢ԳЦҶҶܲеϢ㶼ʮˣѾӺˣȻԶŶҳһҹѣ˵򵽶¯ⶾʲôԥģھߣ
˵ҪߣҶɲҾôֱ뿪ϾҪʱˣҪүү˵һ
صʱ򣬹ȻºѾ뿪ˣݴҶ˵ΪûпҶڳߵʱһЦһֱǰýġ
ڴĵ٩Ҷͨ죬æ뿪ҵҶԪ
ʱҶԪ;ںȲ죬ҶҪ֮󣬲΢΢һ
ȻҶֻʮ꣬ӵеʵ²ҶԪͶ٣ôţһȥңǣǲʲô̫Σա
ΪںǵңǻŸָǣңҶԪȥңʲô
Ҷգգ۾ܣ
Դүү˵պ֮Ҷ˵ֱ׳
ҲĲ˵ʵ֮ɷģû۳ҪΪҩʦ͵ĺøԶ̰ãҪǱүү֪϶ᱻ
ҶԪЦҡҡͷ㲻˵Ͳ˵һ˴ûгԶţһȥϤ֮´һ˳š
ҶܾһԵľźȻڵҶϸ磬ҲһֱҶһҪѧԼһУһӦҲ̫ԶˣھͿʼԼɣ
ҶԪ΢΢һº󣬵ͷãԼȥңǰɣ⣬ҪǮţ
˵䣬ҶԪ͵ݸҶһȫɢ
һϲѿȻҶԪͷͬˣʵǲġ
Ҷܾүүĺ⣬һԵľȴǶգգ۾ҲףԼҪǮĻүүʱҪˡ
ҾͲˣллүүˣ
Ҷ뿪˷䣬ҶԪžſЦһµϵܣһе㵣ģңǣĳǺǺӢڵİɣǸӢڵүԶ
ҶǾǺ֮ǣҶȻҪǰӢڵΧ֮ڣҶԪȻҪİΣˡ
ŲЦϸ磬Ҳ̫˰ɣӢڵĴӪǣڿ϶ֵܻؼˣԲǰңǣ˵ˣңǣҶϸ磬ңǵ˿ڽʮĸʻжأ
ôһ˵ҶԪҲõȷˣЦЦʹˣǣҵҲˣϵܼЦˡ
ҶȫԷģҶ⺢ʵ϶ܹĺܺãˣϸ磬ⱭҲ׼˰ɣ
ŵ뷨ȷûʲôԵĵط֪ҶǰңǵĿΪҩõĶ¯Ӣ֮ԻôΪҩˣӢ֮УǺ͵ҩ¯йصĵ̣϶ӢԼġ

ңǣǹģǷݷǳ̫࣬ǳϽӣʹﵽʮ֮࣬˿ڸǽӽʮˡ
Ҷһ·ϾֵͬҰһ˻һ·񱼣ڻڸ·֮УҲ״̬˽ֻһʱ͸ϵңǡ
ңǸ߸ߵĳǽҶȻһɳɾ͸УϾԼһһһİĳС
ȻҶʵͻͽԸҲĥļޱȣϾͲֻʮѣǳˣԻźӵԣȻĻҲðָо
վң⣬ųŴʿȻף֫о䣬һ֪ӡҡ
ͨʿӵ˸ߵΪǿ֪ңǵˮƽȷʵҪ߳ݷ̫ˡ
пһ֮ҶȾŴȥȻյţͱʿ
Ƿѣ
ǻҪǮ
һʮǮ
ҶˣȻÿ˽ǶǽǮýȥٴθпǴˣضһǾȻҪǮ
ףҶҲûкʿִʮǮڽ뵽ңǡ
ܹƥ籼۵Ŀֵ۴αȵĸֽﲻҶĿ۽ˡ
ſ۽磬Ҷʱ˾裬ûע⵽ԶһսǣһһµСˣ´۹⣬ڿһ


67 Է
ҶȻСطҶұϾΪҶңһţҲȽϸߵġ
ټҶң׳۾ķӦ׾Ϊĸ屩ĹӸ硣
ȻݣһЩ˵УǱ׼ķ
Ҷ°ȻΧ˵Ĳڴ֮Ĺۿţһ󣬾öеˡ
Ҷڵʵ첻ԲҲʲô£Ϊ˸·һʱ䣬ڷ߲ݣȻоеֵ磬ҲǳԷʱ䡣
òԶĽͷһΡȻľ¥һĲȭ֮Եʮ֡
ԼүүǰǮԼЩĻҶ룬ԼէزģȥԵ㶫˳ҲСһ¯ġ
֮Ҷž¥ȥȺĦ࣬ͻȻһֻ֣ҶĻﻺ
ҶǾӡĸ֣ټϡѪսλĴԶԶǿˡ
ˣָֻո׼ֵʱѾоˣвһЦ治ۣȻԼˡ
ҶȻļǰߣֱֻѾȫĻУܸоָѾסǮʱҶ赭д̧һָͷͬǯһ㣬ס˶Է
Ҷָ⴦ѨλѾȫָͨļӲ̶ȿȽôһ󣬶Էֻ󶼿Ҫˣ鵫Ǹ鲻סзһʹ
ոճڣҶһþӲקŶԷԱߵһС֮С
ʱҶ̧ۿԼץסֵֻˣǸԼѮ潹֮ɫСӡ
˿̣ӵĶͷ֮Ϻˮ乣֮ɫҶ
ҶһɿסԼһ࣬ȵʹ΢֮󣬼æ̧ͷҶĵүС飬빫ү̧ܹ֣ŹСġ
ʲô֣ҿҲΪʲôúУҪ͵飿
ղҶסԷʱԵĸоתֻǼΪ΢ɼԷΪߡ
Сӵ¶֮ɫͷСкᣬҳߣֻʱѧ书ھҲɣǮƣƽƽû֮²
֮Ҷ¶˼飬֮̾˿˺Ļ
Ϊ˵ʵȸ½֮ϣʵ˶Ϊߣ˶볾ˣ˾ĶǸһȣǲܵ¡
׻˵ĸ䣬ûǮĶȥ飬ϰǮ˲ġ
ǹҩսЩûвҪǮģв׿ԽĺӣΪûǮûû壬Ӷû
ˣǮһ룬Ŭ룬ҲҪʵⱲעֻܵƽϰա
Ҷ֮н죬ҲȫҶԪһֽҶңΪǵ춨õл
ĬƬ̺ҶڵԷûУ
ɫһ죬ûûУ
߰ɣԶٷ
˵֮Ҷתȥһ֮󣬳ϻ̳Ͽֵ׷ȥСĵүˣַ̧ܸңѾмˣﻹҳԷ
ҶתͷĿһ۵ҲԣѲ㻹ȥ͵˵Ǯ
һۣĺһ𣬼æҲң
ҶջĿ⣬ƽĵ㣬ò˼Ļһָ·Ǿˡ
ᣬҶž¥ȥվԭ΢һ֮ջǸҶ
˾¥̾еСӭǰЦĵλ͹٣룡
С˵һӱߣ£ҶҲĸˣ˺һۺּһƣȻ㲻Բ
ƨϾǳ˴һĻܣҲ˵ֻӲͦš
Ƭ̹СѾƲ˶Ҷֵӵᣬȳ԰ɣʲô˵
һҧã
Ҳ֪ˣĳ׷ˣץӾͿʼ
ͬһ㣬һĹҲˣƺҲˣĴ˸֮󣬺е㲻˼ĿżûôӵҶү˼ЦˣҶ˺üˡ
ʱҶûиղôĮˣ΢΢һЦûûĻٵˡ
æֵ˱ˣԲˡ
ҶԸС̳Ҫ˺裬ȻſźǲǱˣ
ǱˣСѾЩˣﻹϤղŹү˵Сָ·֪үȥ
ҩõĶ¯֪𣿡


68 鶦
¯Դ˻ˣϺ񿴼һ鶦ר¯ġ
˵ͻȻɴ۾ҶүòǴ˵еĳĸ˰ɣҩʦʦ
ĻҶȻһЦû֪Ķٰҩʦʦ֪ˣ극ˣ·ҲָˣǾˣﻹʮӣȥɣҵɣ
˵֮ҶվߣἱæסүûմأպǮҺýǮ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˻֣̤߳˾¥
Ҷ˵ᣬ˳ְһѣֻһ֮͵飬С¸ҪԼõʱ˼һҪ
ϣϵʮӣץסԭήҲ˻ƵףȻĿ⾼ȻҶԶȥıӰ¶һЦݣĵСһе˼ΪҾȻ¯ôҲǳ˰
Ҷܿҵ˶֣־ȻרΪ߿ٳġ
ֵߵĵг޵꣬еҩ꣬б꣬г꣬вϵ꣬ȫõĶ
ҶҪ̾ϢŵʲôʱݷҪҲһ֣Ǿͺˣ
ʵݷҲרΪ߿ĵ꣬٣ԶԶﵽһֵĹģĶҲӡߡ
Ҷ˿ΧֲûעԼ뵽һС֮УͷһҦɽѾǰ
Ҧɽɨܣ֮ɫҶ򵥵ĵҦǰҲ¯Ʒֻ鷳мˡ
ҦɽȻĵ˵ͷҶȴüǽ͸壬ֻ״̬ȥ˿ҪһСġ
ҦɽҲͷ˿Լ壬ҶĹ˼ɣ΢΢һЦ£
£ҶԸоһɺƵٵĴӿ˹ȫҦɽ֮У˵Ҳ֣Ҧɽ͸徹Ȼʵĸоȥһ
ˣ̫ãǿ߰ɣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷһϲѿҦɽԱҪߵĶ࣡
Զһ¥¥֮ϣеĺŲ裬˳۲ҶĺᣬڿҶͻȻҦɽʱɫ΢΢һ䡣
ôһˣˣһǸԼ棬Ǹ˾һֱ
˵ỰԼɣԼţû취Ψһܹ͵ͨɡ
ȻĿ⼯ҦɽϵʱɫȴǱǹ£ôˣСӵΪҿˣôͬΪҲѵһҪߣ⣬ܰɣ
ںʱҦɽȻתͷһ˫ֱֱ˺ᣬ¶һЦݣȻֽͷת˹ȥ
ȻֻһۣǺȴðһ亹ҦɽһۣǿԼģѵ˵Լڸ٣
ԼǶ׿⣬Էôֵܷأ
һԼĴ
οԼȴǲĿŵĶҶˣǵͷȥֻ۽ǵ⣬ʱʱһ¡
Ҷȫ֪Լ󣬺һֱڹ۲ԼԹԵı߱˵Ҧǰңǣǰ𣿡
Ҧɽܵ¶һ˿пѾǲ壬жöûôֵĳˣˣڽѪ֮ǰľˣҲ֪û
ҶĵͷҦǰҽҶ棬㲻Ҫˡ
УȻõѪѪˣǱƺΪˣñŤĻҳƺˣ⣬Ҳʲôǰˣҵ𣡡
ôҲȥ㣬ҶҲĬƺ
ҺҦϺˣҦϣҶҩһϲͨһѡ¯ʱ򣬻鷳ˡ
Ӧõģ
˵䣬Ѿһ꣬ϵ֮д鶦֣ȻǺ˵Ǹר¯ĵ̡
ʵ¯ϸ˵Ҳڳһ֣һ㶼ʦɼֽƶɣʦҩʦʹõĶ¯Ҳһ
鶦Ȼǵ㣬֮󣬴ֳַ֮䣬ϷϷֱдšҩ͡
ֱ߽ҩķ䣬һȥҶıǶ̾ŵһŨŨĽζǰһƽķ֮ڣڷŴССʮʽĶ¯
ҶԼҦɽ˳ȻԼѡĻ۾ˣҲһܹ򵽺ʵĶ¯
ҦɽΪƷҩʦڶ¯ȻǼΪ˽ˣ۾һ
ʱѾһʮߵ˵ǰ̬ڵĵλҪҩʲôҪ󲻷˵ҿΪǽһ¡
ҶֱӵıͣҦɽǵͷһɨڵЩ¯еҩˣ
ЦŵȻǣСֻڳһЩһЩõģûаڳ֪λ򼸼¯
¯ҲƷֵ֮ģΪ֣ҩʦ⽫¯Ʒ׺ͻƷ׻ֵһҲǷΪļÿַ֮־Ʒ
ƵĻҦɽԸֳһ˿֮ɫŶĿѲĸȼĶ¯У


69 Ʒ
¯Ʒ׻֣Ȼһô˷֮⣬ȻҲһݡ
켶¯ھ֮ϵĲ϶ɣ
鼶¯ǲ֮ϵĳֶƶɣ޹Ƿۣ
ؼ¯ÿڵµһЩϡƶɣԪ֣
¯ϾͨһЩƶɣͭ
Ȼּ֣Ǵ󲿷ҩʦʦõĶ¯Ҳġ
ؼ˵ٶˣ鼶ģϡ֮ҾУҲֻһƷġ
鼶ƷϵĶ¯ֻڴ˵гֹ켶¯˵жûгֻ֣Ǵǵ֮УΪ챾һ˵
ȻһҦɽĻ֪λѾˣԼ˵Ļ̫ˣæЦϿЦˣ֮Ҳûļҵܹļ¯ǵõĶ¯Ʒ¯
ƷҦɽüͷȻƷ׵Ķ¯Ҫġ
ȻһԵҶȴ̲סԼǮ
ҶΪҶҵүƽŹ̶㻨ǮģһһӣûʲôЩ㻨ǮټϹ곤ǵĺܹҲжҡ
ټ׼õүүİôǮ
ʱʵ̲סˣһƣƷĶ¯Ǯ
Ļܱ˵㣬ƱĻ΢㣬Ȼ龧ʯĻܸ˵㣡
ƱҪǮׯȥһǮׯյѣʹƱǮĻȻҪ㣬龧ʯʵҲ߼ͨõͨˡ
Ƕ٣Ƕ٣
һƱһһǧ龧ʯĻƷײͬȻҲͬ
Ҷ̲סһѪȻϵƷĶ¯Ȼܹ󣬵ʵû뵽Ȼ׵ľ磡
һӣ㹻Ҷ°ٿĻˣȻȴֻһƷĶ¯
Ȼ˵۸ȷǸ˵㣬ǲףҩʦʦ˵ʹõκζǼֵƵġ
ҲΪʲôҩʦʦϡٵԭ֮һ
Ҫһҩʦʦ˵ģ͹ǽǮϵͶʣ϶ҪʮϣȻһ¯ҲֻҪһ򣬵ҩĹ̵оը¯ը¯֮󣬶¯Ҫ¸һ˼ңҶңҼһҲûôۺĲ
ܹͶҲʲôˡ
һƷϰǧӣͬһֺõĵҩҲֵôǮġ
ڵҶϾֻӣæĵһҦɽ䣬ǧһʱ嶯ҪƷĶ¯
Ҧɽû뵽ҶڵǮ⣬ܵҶΪҶԸҪƷĶ¯ԴŵεͷðɣȻֻƷҲʹպðɣҿ¯
ҶһѪû˵ѾüЦĵ߷λ
˵֮󣬾ǰ·ߵǽڵʱֲ֪һ£һꡱĻе֮ԭ֮лҡ
ǽ֮ϳһȿŵţվſڣŶЦλƷ¯Ҳ֮ˣǲòСһ㡣
ᣬҶæСĶҦɽҦϣûôǮ
Ҧɽ΢΢һжǮ

仰Ҧɽüͷšһ΢һҩ𣿡
ˣأ
֪ˣȿ¯ɣ
ҦɽҲû취ҶҶû룬֪ҩʦҪĺõĶ¯ļ۸أ
ʵ˵˳֮Ҷ˿ҲΪҦɽȻҪȥ¯ΪҸڲҪѣĵĸҦɽ֮С
ҵڷųÿ϶һ¯Щ׸ߵĶ¯ԵСֻ࣬аߡ
¯ɫһʽ֮ͨϵżֻɺףұһͱȽأļСϸȥȻһֻʹŵͷͷ
Ҷǿ¯ĺûҲֻܿ¯ۣȻƫ߶ˡ
ƷĶ¯λȥλȥ
Ƶͷ˳ȥΪ¯󣬶ҲȫյģֻһŽҲȫص˻Ὣ¯͵ߡ
Ȼ˴֮ȴûȥݲ裬Ƕڹ̨һλԼѮСʦ֣ҪƷҩҿǵòİĺܣ϶ӢϽеˣҪҪ֪ͨʦ֣
Լ°͵ʹƷҩҲǶƷҩʦҪôܷŹأ϶Ҫ֪ͨʦ֣취סǣȥ֪ͨ


70 ֳҩ
ҦɽƷ¯ɨһ۶ѣѾˣҶϸۿ򵥵Ϊ͵¯Ʒ׸ߵͣȻйأҪȴܳܵĻ¶ȣԼƳĵҩȼ
Ʒ¯ܳܵĻ漫޾Ʒ棬Ʒ¯ͻᱻۻ
Ҷ̲סʵҵ鼶ƷǱҪ鼶ƷĶ¯У¯˲ͱۻˣ
¶ȸߵͣԵڵģҪ۵㼫ߵҩģȻĻҪ¶ȵôߡ
¶ȵڣҶûгԹӦǿԵġ
ڵҩҲƷֵģΪƷÿƷ֮иҩЧĲֳֻͬϼĵȣܹʮƷͬһֵҩ˵õĲͼһƷҩǸҩЧͬһƷϵȣһƷµȵ𡣡
һƷµȲָֻܻʮ֮һһƷȣȴָܻһ
֮¯ƷԽߣƳĵҩҩЧҲԽߣƷ¯߿ƳƷҩܹƷô߼ҩҩʦᾡܵʹøӸ߼Ķ¯
ҦɽһͣҶڶ¯֪ʶ˸ŵ˽⡣
ƻûлҶСĵҦϣ˵ǸܹӻԵĵҩƷģһƷĶ¯ɣ
Ҧɽ΢΢һЦƷĶ¯ҲҪǧӰɣ
Ҷ㶵ǲ˵ϵӣֻһƷĶ¯
࣡
ҶЦŵǾ͸ɴһƷȨ֣취ܹ֮õĶ¯ɣ
żȻа취
Ǯң
ҦɽһЦֻ״̬װ¶˵̤볾֮󣬾ҲûùˣİɣһǮˡ
ȻҦɽҪˣҶҲû취ֻܿҦɽʲô취ŪǮ
ʱ򣬻ѾȲ˽Цĵλ𣿲żȺȿڲɣ
ҦɽȴĲ豭üͷƣô¯Ʒ
Ҷ룬òҦɽνİ취ɣҲ磿
˿յĽ豭ŵϵүҵ꿪˺öˣ϶б֤ԲڻԴγãҪȥƷײԣ˻
Ҧɽ̬ĵѵ˵ԼĶãɣҪ
ָ¯ү¯㿴
ܿʲôûҪԿö¯ҩ
⻰һ˵Ҷͻͬʱסˣ
ԼĶү˼ǣҪֳҩ
ƳĵҩҩЧǾ¯ҪҩЧԵĻߺߣ
Ҫ֪ҩһžϸҩʦרŵĵҵɲͨķ䣬ǾĽģͨ磬¶ȣʪȶرҪ
ҩ֮ʱҲɻ˴ţһҩʦҪҩĻ͵ߵıչһ֮˻֮ҪȽϷ
ҦɽȻֱӾҪֳ֮ȻƺҶһ
Ҧɽ۾һɵôѲⶦ¯ǴƷ㲻ҩ
Ƹ֪λشˣ̿ҵڣôҲû
үֻǸСƣɣƹĳȥˣϾͻ֮ʹ֮˵𣿡
ƹʲôʱܻ
죬֧ʱ䣡
ðɣȥţҪ£ƹˣ֪ͨң
úúãȥ
ֻҪҦɽֳҩȻʲôӦˣæ˳ȥ
ȵ뿪֮ҶСĵҦϣòҩ
ҦɽͷǰҪǲҩĻǮأ㿴ˣ
£Ҧɽ֮ѾһŻ棬ĳһ
ҶӶҪɳˣȵСеҦϣʲôѵھҪҩ
ҦɽشһŻԶƣƮ߶·Ŀյʱ֮䣬ڵ¶֮
ͬʱҦɽҲҶҩĸң
Ҷû뵽ҦɽȻ˵ҩҩȻѾʼˣȻҲֹˣæͳݷõҩĵ˹ȥ
ҦɽӣǿҲһ֣ҩľֱӱӽ˶֮УȻһֻһѹһ߶ĶڣҲ죬Ȼˣ
Ҷ¶֮ɫû뵽ϾȻлأתͷҦɽ׼⵽ô£һٴһ
ֻҦɽʱ򣬾Ȼ˫ֱ˫΢գǰĶ¯ӣҩ˼һ
Ҷв˴ɻҩˣ


71 
ȻҦɽڵǶ¯Ϊ˱¯¶ȵı仯ҪôǻжǣҪôǶڴлأöɱպϣ߶Ȼںߡ
Ҷ֪ҦɽΪԼҩй֪ʶҵæ
ղ֮Ƚӵ¯֮£Ϊ¯¯ڵ¶ҩ¯֮󣬾ͿԽҩͶ¯ڣƣ˵ҩĵ۵㲻ͬƵʱҲҪֱգϤ˸ҩĵҩ֮󣬾ͲҪô鷳һգҲҪڻ¶ȵĿơ
⣬ҩ˻֮⣬Ҫһʶڱ۾˫֣ʲôûʵҵʶƿŻ¶Ⱥҩĵı仯
Ҷæ˵ͷʶ֪ģҲǳ۳ġ
ȻҦɽ۾̯ҶǰһѪ
ҶʵѪʲôѪҵģ
ѪʲôãһѪеѪ
ѪеѪָƬѪ֮еѪˮ
죡
Ҳ֪ôѪеѪŪ
ôٻǣôٻһѪ
ҶĲ֪ҦɽʱҪһѪеѪʲôҲҶʣæ߶ȻǿźɫѪ֮ϣٿȻɳһ㣬Ҧɽ̯С
ޱѪ֮еһѪ
Ҧɽٴһ࣬һֻһһ߶˿ǿѪֱ˽ȥ
ˣˣܶûҩˣеˣҿѪ
Ѿƺˣ
Ҷգգ۾Ҧɽ׳濪ʼڣǹ˼ʱѣȻѾƳɹˣ
ٶȣҲ̫˰ɣ
ʱҦɽ΢΢һУ߶·һ̷ɵ֮С
Ҧɽһ֣һʱʧһУͿ߶Ķ֮Ʈʮɫ㶹Сĵҩɢһɵ㡣
ЩҩԶ䵽ҶУҦɽɨ˵ҩһ۵ǲͼһƷҩһ͸˵Щҩ
Ϊ岹һֵҩ
ҶȻ֪ģΪÿϱرһֻҩȻܲǳ٣ȱ£ܹһ˿ҲǼΪġ
ҶҲ֪ͬΪ̫ͨļ۸ǵ󣬶ҺܱˣһŲһӾ͹ˡ
ȻڣҦɽȻҪʮŲȥֵӵƷ¯
һŲһǧӣ
ɵҲܴӦɣ
ҶҦɽԼûʱ洫˻ƵλүƹĻˣ
˵䣬ƾʹǰڹ̨˽˽֮󣬻û˵ɫѾ䣬ӣȻ̧ͷҶҦɽǸղҩˣ
ȻҦɽѾջһ𣬲Ҳ˳ɣǴ˿̷֮ڵ¶ȣԼζȴȻڣ˲ܷ֡
Ҧɽ΢΢һЦǰղû£¯ȷƷ¯Ǿˣ
˿˿ڵ¯ֿ˿ҦɽҶˣ̸ֳĵЦݵС飬λǰ뵽Ƭ̣ûƽ¯ãλЯĻҲµַͻš
鶦Ӣڵ˿ǮֻΣĿľҪѰҩʦ
κһ˵ҩʦǱҪ£ĶӢڱȻҲҩߵȼҩʦǶƷҩʦȻԽԽãԽ߼ԽãֻҪ¯ˣע⡣
鶦ƹʵȴӢڵŵӣҲǾӡĸ֣ղѾ˵ˣҪ¯һҪõģ²ӦǶƷҩʦżæȥ֪ͨŵӡ
ոջ˵˾ȻҪԼֳҩԶ¯Ʒףǿȷ˹ȻҩʦƷ׿ܻ͡
Ȼڷ־Լ뿪ôṦ˾ȻѾҩҩʵǻ˵
ΪӢڵŵӻûиϵҪһᣬ̬ȻӵĹޱˡ
ҦɽҶȻڵַЩ飬͸Ҷشˡ
Ҷһǰƹ񣬶¯Լûȥˣ⣬һмһ¡
˵Сأͷĵ
Ҷе㻳ɣҦɽƳʮŲֵһӣһ˵ֵǱЦˣʱҲû취ˣֻӲͷƤǸǽǮĲأõҩӡ
ҩӣ
ϵе仯ˣҶҦɽҲ˵㻳ɡ
ΪҩʦȻ˵ɵйɣҲʵûӣ˼š
Ȼǰ˾ȻһӶòҪԵҩ
ˣòƭӰɣ


72 СѪ
ղΪҩʦͷðҲ˵Ͽɵĵط̫ˡ
˶ĺܣȻӢϽǵˣɵҩʦôܹӵҩʦɣϽµ֮ôܻ᲻ҩҪܵңأ
˵ҩʦ϶ǳĸֶ֣۸ڶҪ˵ҩʦˡ
ӢڵһƷҩʦƽﶼһ߸ϵӣôƽ׽ˣõԼӡС˵
Ҫһ㣬Լû˵ҩʦܹڶ̶̼ʱƳҩģ
зɿתͷԽԽǰ˿϶ƭӣԼϵˣ
뵽ƤЦⲻЦĵҩԵǿԣ֪ʲôҩֵܹһأ
ҶҲǻȥһ̯ʮŲ
ͣ
ûڣϵĻѾ̲סЦˣȻҲҶһ֪νļ۸ҶȻʮŲӣҲ̫Цˣ
ǷЦͻȻЦһĵλүѵΪɵӲɣʮŲһƷĶ¯ҿǲˣ
ҶеΣΪԼҦɽƬ̹ƳĲܹһӣڱôһ˵ֻܿЦſҦɽ
ĻҦɽûЦݵ϶ȻһɱĿͻһۡ
һۣͻȻͨһ˵ϣȻûҲһɺӹͷð˳˫ȸ̲סŲҲòȥ
ҶȻҲо˴Ҧɽɢɾ˵ɱûܵʲôӰ죬ֻвп״̬ӵ˿µɱҪҲĻ治֪жֲˣѪ֮йѺˣȻСư
ԭҦɽҶȻеĮǲж»߶ڲ֪ԼǴشˣ
ҦɽȻǲԼĹȥҩʦĵλȴǴӹûбı䣬ȥΪʵʵƷҩʦ㲻˾ҲǸ߸ϣܹһССӡ߶ԼĳĻƳĵҩ
ʱҶʶԼٲʲôĻҦɽͻɱǰˣæһҦϣһ£
ҶҦɽĻҲҶֻԼ˳ȥ
Ҧϣʣµ½Ұɣȥòã
ҦɽҶȻ˵ͷҸʶһ£ԭʮȥڣ߿Žţ
ҶҲȥҦɽ仰˼ֻϽҦɽͻѪһҪŭˣɱĻʱɾ鷳ˣȻҲ֪״̬¾ܲɱˣͷҦɽҲ˲ʧ
ʱҶŶȻӦ߿ţһһǧӣôܣ
ҡҡͷҶ߻ңΪҦɽ뿪ͻָ˳̬ҶʵҲǵҪɱǣĵˣƹģǸʱ뿪ˣһҪҸʶһҵЩֵǮȻ˵
ʱ˿̣ʶҦɽķ֮ΪǶƭӵ뷨ҡˣΪղҦɽɢƣҲǳӵеģǲҩʦĸͬǲܵģ̬Ȼת䣬ͷúúãһˣ
ʱҶȻͷֻһλŻͷ˽ɫüĿ֮һ˿İ
ߣ˿æӭȥʦ壬ôˣ
߸ûһѾ߶Աߣһ¯Ȼüͷ΢΢ôζ¯ȵģղѵҩʦҩˣ
ߵĻĶͷ֮Ѿð亹ԭλү˵ʵƳ˲Ҳ˵Ǹƭӣҩʦ
ԼղžȻ̬ȶҩʦ˵ʦ֪ԼðһλҩʦԼԴҲҪˡ
ӣߵüͷšĸˣ㻰أ
ߵʦ壬ղȷʵλǰҩһλ룬뿪ˡ
ûٿǶҶ˰κ󣬹ֵ»ף֪Сγƺ
Ҷ
ղСҩ𣿡
ǣҵѡ
Ŷأ
ҶһѾ˿Ҫ̱ϵЦŵе£ˡ
仰æҶҾȻҶھһ
ˣ׵¶ź֮ɫʧۣ֮ˣҶС磬ܷҼʶһ£λƳĵҩ


73 һƷ
ҶҦɽ뿪֮ǰ˵ĻǿڵǿԣղѾƹ˵ˣҽϴǮòΪƷ¯鷳һʶһ²
ҶĻæܹܵүʦǴмңӢڵһƷҩʦ
ЦеĿҶҶȴ΢΢üںԷһƷҩʦݣһ֣Ӣڣ
鶦Ӣڿģ
״ЦСӦǵһңǰɣӢϽ֮УֻҪƷĵ̣϶Ӣġ
ŶҶ˵ͷ治֪תһ룬ԼȻΪĹϵӢûʲôøУԼĿֻ¯ѣߣӢҲϹϵ
뵽Ҷ˸ۣеĲһŵݸ˻׵Ǿͷͻǰɣ
ȻŲʮֿأֽӹָ֮סȶŵƹ⿴˿ȻڱǶţס۾һ
Ҷ֪Ȼʶڲ鿴
Ƭ֮󣬻Ȼ۾ϾȻһ˿𾴣˫ССĲݵҶǰѾˣŲȻǺһƷȣ
ʵһƷȵĲֵǮ
һֵһǧӣ
ҶͣΪʲôҦɽôŵҪԼʮŲȥһƷĶ¯ˡ
һһƷȵĲȻֵܹһǧӣһٵ£
ȻҦɽԭ׼ٵȥȡ¯̬ˣҪҶ߿ȥˣ
ͻҲˣǸҩʦ֪Ⱥµ֮Ĳ࣬ƽõĲҲһƷµȣ
Ʒ֮󼸺˲Իָһͷھ֮ȻֵǮˣ
ЦĵҶС磬ĲмŰ
Ȼ֪⼸ŲļֵҶĵȻ׳ȻţȻ̯Ƶܹ߿ţƷ¯ǰ𣿡
ʵһһƷȲҲֵһǧң߿Ÿò΢һȴЦŵͷȻԣ
һλҩʦùϵʧǧӣʲô
ãڸ㣬ҽ¯֮Ҿˣ
û⣡
ֻ֣ϴŵһֻʲôϵһâţоͳһССƿ
Щɲ÷ãҪԼúоһ£ܷá
оҩʦƳĵҩҲҩʦҩʵһ;ȻʺС
ҶĽĿϵӣ֪ӿɲͨӣǽռڳһ֣ڲпռ䣬Ʒ׵ĲͬռĴСҲͬƷ
ĽĽҶҲֳ֪ļ۸ȻƣɲԼܹģҲٶ롣
һ߷ԸϽȥ߶һ߽߿ŲСĵķƿ֮С
ƿպ֮ſҶЦҶС磬˰
ҲǱصģ
ҶҲܴ֪ԼĵϸȻʵʵ˵
ƺΪĽŵλѣһỹ𣿡
ˡ
׿ԼܴҶ׳ת˻ҶСȻǵһңǣɣ滹вٺĶ

ʱѾ߶ˣൽҶǰҶҲ飬߶Ż׵ȵͷлˣǣ
ߣ
ЦĽҶͳ⣬ҶԶȥӰЦݽĵܹô̵ʱƳȵĲλҲǶƷϵҩʦˣֻǲ֪ģҲû˵ĸֳҩʦ
Сĵʦ壬ҪҪ˸ĵϸ
ʱˣǶƷҩʦĻԸٵĻпܱ֣һ֣ǵʱɾͽͲˣסκʱ򶼲Ҫȥһλҩʦ׺ȻղҿܺµӣǲǷʲô
ûаֱͦ
ɨһۣȻҲûҪ׷ȥ˵ͷˣ֪ͨĻ㼰ʱĲͷһȻȥˣţٴγֵĻ֪ôɣ
֪
Ҳ뿪鶦һһ˼µҪҪ㱨ǰ֮ջҡҡͷԼֻ֪ҶȴûмλҩʦʵûбҪصȥǣ


74 ϧһд
ҶңǶתתģΪ˸߶ȻأеӰ죬ٸܵ㶫Ȼͻؼҡ
ͬʱʼնڰĺҲҶӰҶŵĴǸأȻ˶ѵ˵ҩʦܰ
ת֮󣬺ᱣһľ룬ȻϢĸҶ
ڳתһᣬ˵Ǯ˵С¹ҩ֮Ҷ̫ѾɽˣԼٲߵĻһأԼҪңסһˣٵ飬߳˳ţݷǸȥ
뿪ң֮Ҷͺ޹˼ɵĽʩչı

ǣϽһռؽӽĶľ޴ׯԺһƥͷͻȻԶ֮ǰȻû˿Ҫٵ˼ƺֱӳţԵɫһ䣬ǰ赲ǿϵʿ֮ȴ̵ͷȥԹԵ˵һԣҹү

ϵǴݷǳһ˱һȻĴͽ˴š
ţƥҲ嵽ǰֵס֣˳־ͽݸſڵˣ˴˶һۺ󣬿ЦҡҡͷƽµĻˡ
ׯԺӢڵ֮أׯԺ֮ںֱײȴû˸ֹһ嵽ԼסСԺǰ档
ֽһ󲽵˽ȥ
ׯԺĴ֮УһλĿ˾жֵһһҵĹڵϵݼ
Ӣ塣
ϵĲ豭ᴵȥƯĲҶͷղңƸ꣬ųŭγȥĪʲôίɣ
Ȼƽ֮仰ֵȴǲ˸ϴæ͵үεȷ˵ίȴ顣
һڲ裬Ľ豭ŵϣȻȴǡǡһͬ豭Ȼȫ˷ĩ
Ļ˻֣ʱһ쫷ƾճ֣ϵзĩһֱӷɳ˴ŵĵ
Ӣһ˶СǽܺǻǼΪ簮ȻίȻûʲôӦΪȴѾĵŭ¶š
ֵܴʱŵҳǼæεľ˵˳˵֮½ŲʵҶҲûүίֻǳƺ⣬ǵүˡ
ĬκſڵڵŵӼ鼰ȸ½Ҳܶÿһŵӵļ嶼мӣҼȻڶŵӣΪʲôڣҪҶأ
ֵ˶һۺŵ˵ģҲƭǰɣ
ߣ嶸ȻһЦǼǰڣȥҶǲڶŵӣǣ¾ʹգǣǾֱȥҶҶңҶͷò
ǣ
ֵܲаԹԣӦһ֮վȥ
վĵǻ֮ǰһ뿴ôòɣˣʦֳɹƳһӡ𵤣ûʦ͹£ܽӡӦܸ˵ˣ

ңУ׿ǰױţεҡҡͷҲ̫ˣӡ𵤹Ȼܹ۳ӡûǲҪͻƣãҲǵȵͻʮӡʱðʱƳһţȻӡҪã˷ѣ
е㲻ǻҲûΥӡȥͬʱҲ˳㽫³һλǶƷҩʦдϸ塣
ܿ˻ţֻһ仰Ƿɣϧһд£
üͷҲҪ£ڵҰеˣ
յ֮󣬻׻ӵȥһʮߵҶ꣬ңĺпҲĻȥļǣ캣ǣݷǣסµ͵Ҫ֪һϢҲҪ̻ң
ǣ

Ҳ֪ΪиˣҶʵڶʱ֣ȻѾصҶ
ڵˣ
Ϊ˱Լе߶˷֣ԼýͣҶûдŽ룬Ǵǽͷ˽ȥ
ҶոշǽͷãһӳǽǣԼ°ͣϴȤЦݵӦþˣûؼҲߴţǷǽģ˼ҶҶңҼסˣ


75 
Ҷ߶Լķвغ֮һεĴǽͷ˳ȻεŴҡڵ˽ȥ
ΪҶԪûиҶҵ飬Ҷҵ˸֪ҶȥһңǣΪݷǵڡ
֮ϣҶҶԪѾʽסҶҵľţȻ˶Ҷôͻ˶еԾȴҲûʲôֻǼ򵥵ѯ䡣
Ҷ׼ϽطȥҦɽѧϰҩ֮ʱ򣬺Ȼſڴһ֮ţһѾ˽ǰſ޼峤
ҶԪ΢΢üȻ峤ǣſʲô
ͷ峤ǳžģſڣ˵үģ
ʱҶԪ;ŵ۹ⶼеҶϣҶȴЦһ˼ӡ
ҶʮٽԼҶģΪ˱ʾ⣬ȻЧˣž
ӣӦԼݷڵı֣ת̬ȣ
⵽ô£ҶԪĻҶ˼Ϊʲôٻʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦүүԼ˵ɣ
ǣҶ˵ȥ٣˵˵ģʲôµ˵ҪҼſڣӶˣһأ
ţҶԪסˣҶôٺôҲ޼Ҽ壬һˣǻǳȥɣ
Ҷã
ʱ˿̣ҶҴŵ棬㣬ҲѾΧˣȺм䣬ҶҴŵ棬Ҷ֮һ޼峤ٳűֱͦͦĹڵϣԱӣһ֮ɫһһҵĲǵĸףҪ
ô£޼ΪʲôҪﰡѵҶң
Ҳ˵ݷγǳԷҶҵĶүˣһٳˡ
޼ǲٺҶҶİλԲİɣ
ˣᱳž𣿿϶ʲôԲҶҵ飡
Χ۷׷׵ʱҶ߳ҶԪˡ
ҶԪϹŵ٣æǰȥͬʱе֣ʲôλֶҲˣϽǸײ
̧ͷͲվϴŲȻ֮ɫҶ޼ҶԲҶңҸҪҶԭ£
ҶԪתͷҶ
˵ʵҶٰɱԼǼΪ޵ģڿԼүүС˼٣ĹԼǰʱȻ֪ĳɷ֣ĺȴȻ嵭˲١
΢һ֮Ҷߵٵǰ٣ʲô½˵ɣ㲻ΪԼ룬ҲҪΪ޼Һ룬պҶ㣡
Ȼ˵ҶѾԭ٣Ǿͳ仰پ֪Ҷ϶ˣҲҪĿģ
ڵϯ֮ϣٿϴ𾪵ҶԼ޼ǲܺҶ࿹ģԼûкּɱҶ飬Ǽ㲻⣬˾ͷҶΪҲܼҶƽȥ
飬ȻҶһֱû𣬵ǾԲܵûһֻΪҶ̣ȴӺʵʱ
ȵҶ˳Ǹʱ뱨ĻԼ޼½ٿ¶ⲻ⣬޼ҲûκɽıҶˣҲԲԸһ֣ȥΪ޼ұ
ˣǰ˼֮£ھԼҪȡ޼˵δ׼ˣķҶûֻҪҶԪ;ŻˣΪҶ϶ǱŴȥüҶſţ쿴Ҷڻˣڵ档
ҶĲ֮£ٵûпܣֱӾվȻҶ߽ҶңҶæɢΧΧȺ
ȵ޼˽ҶңпֵҲ뿪֮󣬽ֽǴīɫԼȥ
ϼһȻϧҶҸ
ּҼַ壬ȻԼ˵ÿһ֣Ȼе޷ţپȻ̶ֳȡ
ǵģҶҶңӣпҪԭ޼ңīżĵٿ϶ὫǰɱҶ˵Ҷоŵ˳ô죿
ַ岻ŭЦ٣ǸС˰ʱһڱͱּһߣããī̿ӱ޸ӡ壬ʲôҪȾʦֶԸҶңߣȾ˵ӡĳϣֻҪԸ֣ǾǸҲĶ֡
ҶֻҪһȻҲٱҶңʱǾҶңȻ޼ңҶȻּ֣֮
ȥסּҵˣȫˣ
˵һ仰ʱַıѾ˼㣬īֱԼĸףæͷ׷ģһȾʦ


76 ˣ򸴺
ҶҵĴ֮УҶԪ;˶ɫ࣬ΪѾǺְּɱҶ˵˳
ȻҶվ뵱ʱһңλӡϸֵϹʱΣҶԪһĺ£
˵֮ѾһεĹҶǰҶҵʱӺͿŻַ飬Ըԭ£
ҶɫƽȻǸʱεȷǾĶǣһߣΪҵ׷ɱԼҲǲүүˣ٣ﾹȻҲˡ
ʱҶԪȻƶȻ˼£˿ٿɲ˿ͬˡ
飬پȻҪɱҶҶԪҲ޷ܣҶ˵ĻҶҺ֮ܿܶ׿
ȻҶȻҶԪүү¾Σ
ҶԪһ˿ȣȻûϵ֮£ҶȻԼҪ¡
΢΢һºҶԪͷԼ㴦ķҲĻ£û꣡
ҶȻףүүǵԼһʱ̫嶯Ѿ뷨
٣ֻҪܴӦ¾ȥˡ
ټæ
һӽ޼ҶΪ
ڶԺ޼ҵ֮УҪҶңȻΪ˷ֹҶȨʱ鿴ǵ˲
޼ղصսͳͳҶұܣ
죬ӦǽǾ͵žžǰ棬־ݣ־һǩ׷ɱҵ飬һʹֻҪҶҳԵģٲ޼Һȵģ
㲻ӦĻҲǿ㣬ھͿԻȥ
ҶٵҪˣҶԪ;ȴ¶֮ɫﰵͷ
Ҷʵķǳ޼ĴӦôӴ֮޼ҾԲٸҶʲô£
濴࣬ʵҶƹ޼ҵľսҶңǵʵ
ܿɹǣҶ֪ʩĵȻǿ̣ȴҲ޼һ֤ҶгԵģͲ޼ң仰˵Ҷһᱣ޼ңֻҪҶڣ޼ҾͲᵹ
һ޼ҵȫҶҵĸ֮ң
ҶҶԪ;ţٵӣ˵Ŀⶼٵϣٵͷ˼˰̧֮ͷҧҴӦ
ãˣīź򣡡
ԾΪ֤ˣҶ˷ֱڴɵЭ֮ǩԼ֣Эһʽݡ
޼ҵЭϵʱҶ΢Ц޼պҾ͵һˣȥ¾͵ûҲˣҲҪһ䣬ּ㣬ǣҪˡ
΢΢һͷ֪ˣ
ٴˣȻҶеԽܣȷҶǸ֤¶˾ġ
ҶоųԼҶҳҲеʧ
ô˵ǽ˺Ҷҵĳޣ޼ҴӴ֮԰ĵҶ̫̫ƽƽĹˡ
޼ˣҶԪɫе㲻ÿҲûҶΪʲô˵ʵ
Ϊ֪ҶʵĿģΪ˱Ҷң˵һǧ˰˰ٵ֡
ңһ˾ˣҶԪʵʮοġ
Ҷˣ򸴺أ
ֻǣи⣬ҶԪȴҪʣּ׼ζԸ
ּңҶ¶һ˿мЦݣٿһӣʱˣȻ˵ģ
ʵҶ֮ԭ޼ңٸ֮⣬оԼİɱǵûɱԼԼϵҵһλӡּ֣ңһλӡӡ֡
ʵĲҶңң
ãүүǾ仰κξүүҶңԶ֧㣡
صԼķ䣬߶Ҷ̾͵飬Ҧɽȫ˳
ҦɽΪԼҩˣȻΪԼӦǣûµʱͷǳǷŷŷ硣
ǣλɻɣҪ뿪ԺУ
ҶĻҦɽ˶һ㶣ѩ򸾶ˣû뵽ҶĻὫǷųܹʱֲѪӣϴҶ̬ģȻҶȴ˿ǳ
ֻţЦԶţٺ٣еϲˡ
Ҷ˰ֵûʲôҦϣڿԿʼҩ˰ɣ
ҦɽҶһ˿˵Ĺâݼţͷãǿʼ


77 ѰʶĸԴ
ԭҶȻʽʼҩôȻҪͬҦɽ鶦ҩģۻ棬ȻʵȴȫһҪΪҩʦ߱һľ۳Եĳܹ۳ɻ棻
ڶ۳ʶʶȻǳĸּ߱ģҲǿ֣֮ʶԽǿҩ֮ʱԽ󣬾ͬҦɽǰƲʱȫƾʶɣ
ǶԸҩҩԵ˽գȻ˵ͨӲܹҪ͸ÿҩĵҩԣǿʶΪҩ֮ҩΪǸȵȵĲͬͬҩ̺֮ҲͬԽȻԽãҪʶʶˡ
ΪĿǰҶֻ߱˵һ飬̾ͿԿ¯ҩҪȿʼ˽ҩԡ
ҦɽֱӸҶһʲôʱ֮ԼȻ㲻תŻȥˡ
ҶȻеʧҲ֪¶Ҫѭ򽥽ĵҲûʲôԹѾʱҪҵвоҲ˳ʱ䡣
Ҷȥϵ꣬Ҫ鶼ʮ౾Щ鶼ǻõҩ飬һдҲãܹͨ㣬
Ҷʱ䶼ֵÿ۾ͿʼѪսһͨѨ֮󣬾ͷҩ飬ˣȥԺ֮һᡶƶ
֮ҦɽԴȵĿҶЩ㶼ѾȫˣĶҲסˣ

ֻҦɽҲе㲻˼飬ʮ౾飬ҩ϶ϰҳֽţһ˱˵סˣÿÿһҳһ飬Ҳóʱ䰡
Ҧɽּһ۲ݼһҳҩΣһƺֵҩ
һһ徥ϵΪƷΪΪˮԴϪˮ֮ԣҩ񣬽ⶾĵҩ
ν֥
ֱ֥ԣɫʸͬɫΪ֥ɫΪ֥ɫΪ֥ɫΪ֥ɫΪľ֥Чǧ˵֥ͬԳĵҩ
Ҧɽ˺ü⣬Ҷ٩٩̸ҲֻǰϵдУлԼһЩ
ҦɽţҶǽԼҪʮʮ౾ȫ˽⣬ϲ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ӣҩʦӵ𣬶ҶڸҩĵҩԲܹڻͨǾһͨߣҩĻҲȻܳΪһҽ
ܹΪҶҩϵʦҦɽе˷ֱܼ޷ˡ
úúã
һ˵֣ҦɽͷǾͿʼҩ
ڣʱҶе㲻ˣҦϣһʶû۳ھͿʼҩǲеˣ
磬ûʶʶҲУʶĶҲܹٽʶۣϴҩó
ʵҶҲܹ㿪¯ҩȻҦɽ˵ûˣȻˣæȡҩġ
ҩ֮ǰҪ֪ҩʦǰǾεĳԺʧ֮ܽᴴģÿһֵҩ͵ȵģŹ̶ĵҪյصȥơ
ڵҶϿܣ֪ҩƷ׵Ĳ̶ͬȻҲͬ
һ˵һƷҲģ˵ҩʦˣͨҲ׾֪߼ĵÿҩʦĲ֮ˣһЩĵֻܿһ֪ЩҩʦˣҲϽ˵ĺȻ͵˲ٵĵѾʧˡ
ҶпҦɽһЦԱ˵ҲʧˣǶ˵ܿܲûʧֻǵõʱѡ
Ҷһ㶣Ҧɽ仰˼ԼӵѪѪ֮˲żüãѪڵʱ֮ãҲǳľԶֻҪԼܹѪ֮е˶ͷųôȻܹõһЩڱ˵Ѿʧĵˡ
Ҧɽ죬Ҿ͸һ޲Ҷ䣬꣡һҩģ͸ȥԼ
һҶ۾񣬰ҦɽĻŽԼ͸ڲ
Ƭ̹ȥûӦ
ס
һҶס
ûзӦҶеżˣ
ʶԣ㳢ȥѰԺ֮ʶĸԴסʶȻ翣һмѭ
ҦɽĻĴҶԺ֮УҶҲٴΰ
УУǻ᲻ͷ֮еĳѨλأ


78 ֹ۵ѡ
ҶļǾ˵ģڡѪս߰ٶʮѨλƺʹλöѾסˣʮҪѨǵ
˵ͷоŸѨֱǰٻ㣬̫ͥţУţغӭ
ҶѪ֮УǰٴγǸѪɫӰҶ룬Ӱͷ˾ŸɫĹ㣬ǾŸѨ
һһŸɫ㣬Ҷһ˼˵ʶǴĸѨλ֮вġ
ӭѨںᴦѨ۾Ѩڶ䴦Ѩڱ£źͷѨں󾱴ټǵƣҶʶĸԴӦòǣȻų
ôֻʣ°ٻ㣬̫ͥѨ
ѪɫӰͷľŸɫҲҶķ
ѨλٻѨλͷУͥѨλǰ̫Ѩλǰ࣬пʶĸԴ֮أҶҲ޷ųκһ
ҶҲ֪ʶĸԴ֮أ϶ֻһҪ֪һѨλôõİ취Ǹʶĺ棬׷Դ
ǵʶǴзȻҪ鵽ĸλҶҪ֮
ʶѾеϣô˳һĽʶջȥֱҵĸԴ
뵽ҶʼջԼųʶ
Ҧɽ˵ʶȻǸ翵ĶȻмѭѰҵḶ́ҲǼΪ΢Ϳһ˿ֵĸоģģ׷ټ
Ҷżһ㣬ôָо̾ͻʧʶʱʧӰ٣ͱͷһΡ
̲Ҳ˳Ҷ֪˶ٴΣһоʶĸԴӦֻһ֮ңʱһССļʱǰ
ҶûзΪ׷ѰУֶʶĸоԽԽȻÿֻǶһ㣬һһĻۣܵڳɹѰҵʶĸԴ֮
ͥѨ
Ҷ۾ˣǰѪɫӰԴ֮УҲֻʣһɫĹ㣬
ܽͥѨͨĻǲҾܹ۳ʶأ
뷨ͻȻҶԺ֮УһʰҶҩ£ֱӾͿʼ߶սѪϿյʼԼԴӿ
ҪͨͥѨôȻҪ̽ľλãƽҶ̽ѨǷԼУڣȴʶȥ߶Լǰ֮䲻̽ͥѨľλá
ȻѨλ˵϶λͬһλãǾλãȴǸÿͣȵȵĲͬϸ΢Ĳ࣬Լ֪λãҲҪȥ̽ľڣȷ塣
ҶȫȫĿʼѰͥѨλõʱҦɽɫȴǱùŹΪʱ˿̣Ҷͷ֮ϣĸֳһɫ·ǰ֮ϹһСŻһڲ䶯ţΧ·ΪܼҲΪ
СڸʲôڳʶɣϵЩ·ô£
ѪеˣҲ֪СѪս湦ĴڣҦɽȻҶĿǰŬȥ̽ͥѨλá
ǿԿ϶һ㣬ǾҶԲڽиҩйص飬ΪҶе⣬Ѿ
ȻҶġҵҦɽе㲻ˣ֮£ҲȥҶֻվһԾĵš
ȻһȣǽһʱȥˣҲ˽ҦɽҶ㶣ԶһۺĿ⼯еҶϡ
ڵҶʼʱ򣬲ûʲô仯ͷ֮Ȼܲһɫ·
Ҧǰڸʲô̲סСʵ
ҦɽҡҡͷҲ֪״̬Ѿкܳʱˣ
ӲӦĳĹɣΪʲôֻͷֽɫ·֮ȴʲôûУ
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ʲô࣬Ҳ϶ڵϷӳˣλѪֲŻҶʱеΪĲ⡣
ѩ˿Ҷֿ˿ɫλȱˣǿǿǰɣʱϾҪˣ
һ仰ʱ˵üͷšһ
Ѫ뿪Ѫʱ䣬ܳʱһͻܵӡķɣʹ࣬һܹܵġ
ҪѪҪѪˣҲҶٻȥ
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ǼȴܵѪӡķɣ
ǽҶǾҶ߻ħǰŬҲ϶ȫ
ҦɽǶߣȻ֪չʱ˴ŵʹ࣬ǵĻŭ֮¾Ի˵ֱɱǵˡ
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79 ͬ
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˵ĿⶼҦɽϣϾҦɽǴͷβվôǸҶϷʲô
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ĸ˭Ҳ˵ΧһȦĶҶżҵĶҪðűҶɱΣȥҪð걻ɵΣռȴأ
Ҷʱ䣬ҦɽǣֻžҵͥѨλãȻٽͨӵʶ̿ʼʽҩһƳԻⶾԵĵҩ
ڣҦɽ̾˿Ҳ²⣬Ӧڳʶ
û˵ͱǴϣûۣô۳ʶأҪȵ۳ʶܳصĻĸӶʣˡ
ҦɽһЦԱ˵ȷܣּ˭û۳ǰӵأ˵ܳΪѪµˣ֮⣬ӦûһЩҲ֪ԭ֮ǲԳ˵ı׼ԣҾȡ
ȻҦɽ˾˲Լͬ뵽ˣҶʶĻһڿɹʱԼȥԼĺԻңֻĬĬͬҦɽľ
ڣţͻȻһҽУͷԴɵ˵ϣţͷ֮ϣȻ˲͸ֳһɢѪɫġ
Ѫ֮µӡǣһͿʼǵ꣡
ЩȻû֪Ǵŵ壬Ƿ֮ȴ͸©ŨŨĹͺĹϵϢҾһ֮ǵλӶȥÿһ㣬ܵʹӼ
ʹӣȥͬʱ䶼ûУҲһУ׷׵˵ϡ
ÿ˵϶ǴӲͬλֳѪɫķģѸٸȫ꿪ʼӡɡ
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ڣŵͻȻһɲǵͣ٣Ҷ۾ʱ֮һ
һССĹͥѨλڱˣ

Ҷĳ˿̽ͥѨλãôɴһٽͨ
ԼκϢʱ䣬ҶͼʼĴ̼ͥѨƬ֮һ˿˿ΧͥѨת
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ʶƶҶԸоԼʹλԽԽ
ͻȻһɸҶû뵽ǿƾճ֣һҫ۵磬ͬһ˫һ˺ܵĺڰͬʱҲҶʶ͵ĵ˳
ҶȻ۾Ҳһ֮ǰҦɽ˸Խһţͬһ㣬һ
˵֮϶һɢѪɫţģҶȻ𣬸ղԼʶԺ˲䣬ǵҫ۵磬ԼĺһѪɫķġ
ҶҲϸ룬ΪҦɽ˵֪һʱˣΪûлصѪܵӡķɣȥ鿴һǵʱ䶼ûУæͳͳͻѪ֮С
ʱҶղԺĵʹȻһ֡
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ҶΪԼӦûʱ򣬺Ȼһͷð˳
ûпܣԼ꣬ͬҲѾѪϢ֮дӡأ
ĻԼʲôԼƵķΧ֮󣬻᲻ͬҲ⵽ӡķأ
Ҷӿһɺ⣡


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Ҷͷ׼ȥͨͥѨʱ򣬶΢΢һԺ֮һŲ
ŲΪ΢Ȼǿ˽ŲҶԶˣҲһܹ
ݶԷĽŲҶ׵ķֱԼүүǼæӭ˳ȥүү
ҶԪԺ֮΢΢ŵ㾪ȣԼŵҶ˽Ųû뵽ҶȻˣһ֪Լ
ԼҲ̾簡
Ҷľʵ̫ˣСʲôҶԪЦŵǺǣûŵɣ
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˵һʯͷֻҪһǴᳬһɣôȻͱ˷ѵˡ
ͷſƵõǾͲ˷ѵڴ֮У˫ʵ޼£ΪҪܷʤĹؼ
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Ҷڷ֮УûûҹѪеŶľȷƣһһεĳͥѨ
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ҶĸоͥѨյ̫̫Щӿֳ״Ũ̶֮ߣԶ
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ϿգһƬ嫵ǿգǸ֮ϣƬǿյҶһǿҵҪͶеƺʲôٻԼһ
ǵҶҪǿǰʱȴһ޷ǰֺ
ҶʱҲûȥǿյǾǰľɫȻǺɫȴۣһرİ·Լչһ㡣
﾿Ҷð⡣
ȻոðϿͻȻһ˵
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ȻҶ鼫ΪȴðһһʺţΪλħ۴˵Ļʵ̫£ȻҲɻ
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νծ಻ʭӶ಻Ҷ˵֪ʵ̫ˣνˣ
ٴվһԼеľɫһԼٻ֮Ҷ˳ȥҪϽԿʶ
ʵҶ֪״̬ʶҲֻʶܽ뵽˵
Ҷ۾ǰ³Լķ䣬ץ˵ϵ
ʼҶڵĸδ߶ʶû뵽ģסͬʱ̾͸ֳܵһɫ
ŴʼѸӣģһɫͳҶǰ
֮Уɴģ۸ӵ·ԹһݺύһĴƮҶĸоܵһ
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ҶͿʼ˶ʶĳԣֱҩģԼʶǸڲ
ŶʶĳԽԽҶʼ˫ͬʱһҩģȻʶȥӦȻҲµķ֡
ͬҩģ˴еȻֵͬԱֵҪǿĶ࣡
Ҷʶ鿴ٶԽԽ죬ֻҪһ֪ҩ̺֮
ѡļҩģҶһȻԼûв鿴ͥѨ֮ͨڵʶֱɨԼڡ
ԣ֮ǰԵ࣡
֮УĻҲֳ࣬һ˿˿
ɨһԼϵӡҶ׼ʶ˳ȥʱͻȻо˲ԡ
һ߰˾šʮ
֮ڣȻʮӡ


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ҶʰĵľȣٴϸʶԼڲۿ
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ԼͨͥѨյ̫Ӵһʱ޷ɣǾȫе˵֮С
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ҶĳһЩ֮󣬼ϸĹ۲Ϻɫڵı仯
ȸоľ¶ȱˣţЩҶΪķȱСˣ
ˣЩٶȺƵʣֱӰ¶ȵģ
Ϊ֤Լ뷨ȷҶջеͻȻ֮䣬ʹϺɫ˳ǰһ°ȻҦɽ
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һԹۿҦɽҡҡͷ¶˸п֮ɫ֪ҶѾ˵ڻ¶ȸߵ͵ķΪղɢ¶Աˡ
ڶγԣҶͽ࣬һԵĽȫأһһ𽥳ء
ڴͨͥѨʱҶľ׼Ѿõ˶ˣûöʱ䣬ͳɹҵ˼۳ɻ棬ǻֲɢκ¶ȵǸȣ
Ҧɽ۾ѾԲˣϵĸпҲ֮ɫԷĸоҶлѾû˿¶ȷҪ㣬һһγԿƻ¶ȵ˵ûм£Ǽʱ䣬ǲģ
ҦɽĳһĻԣǻ泾һʱҲµʱ䣡
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ֻ޲ݺܿͱȼȴûлΪҽıһ̲ɫҺ壬Ǵɫм仹һЩɫ
ҩģҪΪҽҪճҺ壬ʱ֮ʾͻ֣Ϊ˵õ޲ҩԣҪЩ޳ȻĻҩĵҺ֮Ƴĵҩܻܿá
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ҶͷʾˣʵҩճҺĵȻĿƣҶڳ˼֮ˡ
ʶ۲֮£ҩȻҺ壬Ȼһɫ磬ֻǻͬɫСȻʡ
ҵʣὫ䵯ߣ޳
Ҷ޳ʵĹкȻڵҦϣǲԽҩģʾԽ١
һҦɽһһҩģʶȫУﻹܷĿ˵ȻҶȴˣҲûӰ쵽̣
ǣ
ҦɽЦͷͬʱ룬ò˶ãԼͲָҶҩˡ
ҶѾҩģҦɽˣ׼ƿӣȻҩķֱճҺ塣
޲Ҷ䣬꣬Ҷзֱ̲Һ壬װ׼õƿ֮С
ʵȵʶ֮еĲͶڶ¯֮ɣҪһںϣ


85 Ѫ֮Ѫ
νںϣҪͬҩ֮Һ壬ȫΪһ塣
Ȼƺܼ򵥣ѶȴҲҩҪһ
ҶƵĲΪĵҩҩҲģǵںǱȽϼ򵥵ġ
ȵƸƷҩʱҩĶ߱ԵԣҪЩĲϣҩʦܹҩ֮۳󷨣ӶҩĵҩЧںϵĹ̿ɾʮֵĸˡ
ͬʱںϻҪĴ֧֣ϾҪ뽫ͬҩΪһ壬õķǿںϡ
еʱһֵҩҪʱ䣬˳ʱ뱣벻ֹͣеҩʦһЩ֣롣
Ҷ˵涼⣬ǲģ߸ѨλĹͨټϵӵе֮࣬ڳ볾ĸ
ҶƷ߶˳ҦɽҲһָ
ΪĻ滹޷壬ֻܽ쵽߶·ʼ¯
ǰСʱҶָܹҩĻû뿪֮󣬻ܳȼգĿǰҶ޷ˡ
ϸ۲߶ڲᷢʵаԲͬҩĶõģÿҩ۵㲻ͬ벻ͬİ֮УȻܹ㡣
¶ȹˣҩ֭϶ڣʶͨ߶ĽӴȥ۲춦ڵΡ
ȻҶ߱ԴҲҲ㣬Ͼĵһҩ˲еæңûгʲôҦɽָ֮еĶ
Ҷͳʶͨ߶ȥ۲춦ڡ
ʶŵĻȻͲҪô鷳ͬҦɽ¸һľ룬Ҳܹ׸֪ڵ
Ҷʶ֮£Ľ뵽߶֮С
ҩĵҺ壬¶Ⱥ˴߶ڿУϷţҷ֮
ΪһƣҶҽ¶ȷŵ̫ߣֻǸҶ۵ϵ¶ȣӶ֤ȿҩ֭ںϵһֲǱֱ塣
ģҩ֭ѾںϵһԭѾСһ룬ұһԲҶ֪ҩƳɹˣΪ״ˡ
ҦɽҲһֱԼʶ鿴Ŷ¯ڵʱ򿪿ڵ̥Ѿ֣ϾҪճˣҪεҩԣôͼһѪеѪˮ
ϴҦɽƲʱ򣬾ͷҶҪһѪѪˮӶճ¯ĲȫǼƷףٴҦɽҪԼѪˮҶ̲סʵҦϣѪеѪˮΪʲôҩԣ
ҦɽɫóѪѪκľڣҩ֮ʱѪܹӵҩ߷ԣѪѪȫ˵ѪγɵģЩȥУǵѪҺ֪ʱ䣬ȫںһγѪ
ˣÿһѪ֮Ѫ̺֮ǿǸ޷ģҩܹһѪ֮ѪĻôܹȵҩƷף
ҩ֮ϣκһǲҩʦĽģȴΪӵѪѪޱ޼ʣЩѪ˵ȡ֮֮ߵģҲעˣΪҩʦʦƳĶؽƷ׼ߵģ
Ҷһʱ䲻֪˵ʲôˣȻܹƬѪʼΪǺ֮лѪŻγѪȻ֪
ԭǸѪ
ҪѪܻ۳һޱ޼ʵѪ
Ҷȥˡ
ĬĬĴѪ֮ȡһѪ򿪶ڣѪͶȥ
ʱ¯̱֮һǿ⣬Ѿ۳ԲεҺ壬Ѫ̼֮ٷеȫС
棬Ҫżȴ¶ȣҺ۳ɹĵҩҩˣ
һ̣ҲԱ˵ѣǶѾܹȷԼҶ˵ѶȲ̫
ڣҶ˶ڣһƮݶһöɫԲεҩֱӳҶӦ죬ָһ㣬һڿγһסŵҩҰ͵ҶС
ҶϨ˻棬ŰɫĲɫǴСϴҦɽƵûʲôֻǲ֪ǲҲǼȵҩ
Ҧɽֻɨһ۱ͷǼȣʵҩƷҲ֣ܺͬʶҩ֮ڼҲҩԣԽ࣬ƷȻԽߣˣϲ㣬һȻƳһƷȵҩ㲻۵ĻͽЩʣµҩȫ˰ɡ
ԼƳһƷȲҶҲȻһУҦɽȴôһ˿ĽĿҶһۺת뿪ӡ
û취ٵˣһû۳ʮ꣬ƽһγҩȻƳ˼ȵҩ֮ҲòССļһ£


86 ҶҵĲ·
һʱ䣬Ҷڷ֮רĵŵҩҩѾȫùˣľʮһƷȵĲ
ƢζʮŲҶǳԺ˷ܣʮŲȥһֻһǧӣҲһǧӰȵҶһˡ
ڣҶܹᵽΪҩʦֱӵĺôˣ׬Ǯʵ̫̫ˣҩܹ˲ʮӣڼֵ㷭һǧ౶
ҲһҩϵǱȷʵҦɽ˵ӵҩʦĽѪɱˣҦɽƷҩʦҲұ֤δζƳȵĵҩ
Ʒ׵ĵҩãɹʺܴŵҩƷ׵ĲɹҲԽԽС˵ˣƳɹ㲻ˡ
Ⱥµ֮ļֵɾʹˣϾƳȵҩҩʦʵ֮⣬൱Ҫɷ棬Ѫ֮ѪĴڣڱ֤Ҷ
Щ֮⣬ҶҲˣʵƵҩḶ́ҲḶ́ķҲȫλģ漰ʶȵȣ˵ҩгͻܹศɣá
Ҷ뷨Ҧɽʾ˿϶ΪҶĹֲ֮⣬ҩҪȫͶģûжʱȥרһҩʦΪȴҲܹߣҩḶ́ʵҲĹ̡
պ֮ҶĿҦɽҦϣҿƶƷҩ𣿡
ҦɽϵļԳ鴤һ£ҡҡͷҪ̫żˣֻͨĵҩһƷҩ֮ҲһЩַΪӵģȫ֮ٿƶƷҩɣٸ㼸ֵȻûµʱԼԣʱһ飬ֻҪϸҾͽƶƷ
Ҧɽôһ˵ҶҲԼе̫żˣոƳɹһͨĵҩȻҪȥƶƷҩһڳԲɸӵĵҶ׵ġ
ҦɽĻҶҲӦˣҩҲҩǮһãֶΪأ
⣬ҶΪԼһһΪ𽣾ĺôҲ˽˲٣ڽǰ޵ʱ򣬸Ҫһ
ļ۸֮ߣҶҲ֪ڶƷϵĳǲκδˣܹӵһһƷҲ֪ˡ
ҦɽļֵҶڶȥҪҩȫ˻Сһѡ
ȻҶ˶ҶΪе⣬үѾԸˣҶңҶʲôǽҶҲˣκҲø棬ֹ֣ȻҲ˵ʲô
֮ҶǰɫƿЩջ񣬰ڣһƷҩܹһٿţȫһƷȣ
ҶΪͥѨĴͨô࣬ȻļֵҩҦɽѡרʺҩģҶͨһͨͨһγ֮󣬾ˡ
棬ǶòϣҶǸҩʦҦɽҲ濼ǽҶƷˡ
ȥңǣЩҩˣȻ󿴿ûкʵĳ
ҦɽĹƣһٿŵҩʮӣȻ򲻵ƷĳһƷĴ´ˡ
ҩҶ棬˿ҲеƣˣҦɽͻѪ֮ʰö˳ȥ
ѾʮûмԼүүˣҲȥʺһ
ոյүү鷿֮⣬ûţҶ洫ԼҶֹͣţ֣岻ҶϹҶҵ⣬ֻÿĩŻڲŲУôͻˣ
Ҷڵ𣺡ͻȻٸ⣬˵̫ˣ
һĬ֮ҶԪҲ𣺡û˵ԭ𣿡
˵ˣһ֪ǽڣҲºܿ˸õѡԲҶˡ
λĶԻУҶѾһЩüĿȻԼһϲͨǺô֪ԼҶܹ⣬һǿΧũڶҶÿһʱͻɭֵΧԣ򵽵ȻҲƷȥ
׬ȡĶСǮ׬Ǯǵ⣬Ǵһҵнκͽȥ
ƣգʹɽ֮
˼ǲϰǿɽ
ɽнأΣܹũߣθͨˣҲҪģˣΪ˷ֹ췴ģκϸ
ҶݷǣΧûкȻɽɽʮӡĸֶ룬˵ɽѰҽˣˣҶܹƷȷʵϰǵĻӭҲΪҶҾҪԴ
ǸͻȻҶˣŵ˵ھǶҶҵĲ·


87 һ
Ҷе̲סһߣ̴ҶԪ˭
үүң
ȻˣҶҲ͸ɴֱŽȥүүЦǺǵĴ˸күү壬ղǵ̸ֻǻе㲻
ҶģĿǰҶ֮УֻҶһʽ뵽˼⵱УҶȻ͹ˣŮպҪ޳ȥǲμӵģҶСŬҶԪȻҲȥЩ顣
ҶҶԪҲȷʵӦ˽һ£ʾҶڽһ¡
㲻֪Ҷ֮ףҲǰפݷǣҪսˣʵǼңҲͬˡ
Ҷڸտ˸ͷҶеˣҶҾ㲻Ǵ󸻴󣬵ÿӣôҲСлˣôȻô
壬׬Ǯȥˣ
ҶڿЦŵҶѾһٶˣЩ˵ĳԺټǱߣҪǮĵطҲ࣬Աڲ࣬ҪҶȻʱסȥЩҪǮ
ҶҲ˵ƺʩǶҶϰǣ˭иѴģֻҪҵǣǶܰͰЩǮκͽƷ֧ţ껹Щӯ࣬ͻȻϾ˺ǵ
ص̾˿Ҷڱ͡
ҶףҶʮַæ綼òר뵽⵱УԭʵϿȻ֮
ȷһҪչ׳⿿ǿǲеģǮҲǱزٵ
ܻܲطȥƷأ
ҶԪЦҡҡͷɵӣΪƷ˭κΪ˷ֹϽڵƽ췴ϸ
ߣǳȻηƽյǵ췴֮󣬻ʧȥģðߣʵǿ˾ʲôãκ췴ߵĻᣬȻƽҲƴǡ
ҵļţʱʶһѣҿɽ溣ӵ˵ټƽҲûٽҪһطĻ˵û··ĻǴͨؽڵķþһʲСĿ֧
˵֮ҶԪҶڶ˳˼֮С
ΪҶҵһӣֹͷҶȻҲҪΪҶҳˣҶɫԼƿҩЩҩĻӦܹҶ֧һʱˣ
еĻԼʱֹͣȫȥһƷҩУͶƷҩƷҩоƷҩ
ҩʦ׬ǮٶȾԶԶκһְҵ
֮Ҷ׼̶ǰңȥЩҩȻʱҶԪȴͻȻ̧ͷҾãôȻһЩǲ֪ɣҲ˶ԴҶԪɣ壬ҵױţǰڵٺţ֮󣬸һ𸴣
ҶڵҪˣҶô죿
ҶԪֻ̾ȥˣ
ȥ
ҶںҶͬʱѿڶͬʱҡͷ
ʮǰʼѾͷ¶ȥܼˣھȻҪȥԲٳ֣ҾԲͬ⣡
Ҳȥô죿ҶݷǣҶҲû˹ܣֻȥ
ʵʱҶĸҶƷڵĻǾͲôˣϧǣҶƷĿǰδ
ҶȻүүٺһȥͿˣ廹ǼչҶ⣬˼Ϊһ֮ӦڼУҪȥˣʱ˿϶֪Ҷҳʲô£ּģû׼侮ʯԸǡ
ҶԪٴγĬˣҶ˵ĺеԼҪΪĲٳ⣬һ۾ܿҶʲôѹˣҶΪҶոһźҲٴʧȥ
ǣһȥףҶԪǲҶһ˳Զš
үүϴȥңǲҲƽٺ򲻹Զ㣬·ҲעģԲµġ
գҶԪòͬҶ飬һ˴Լױţǰٺҡ
Ϊ˲֪Ҷ뿪ҶҵϢҶǳҹɫ͵͵ŵģҶԪĿӵıӰϸ˽˸֮ɫ
ҶȻոʮ꣬ȴѾԼļҶһ죡


88 ̼ͷ
Ҷ֮Ҫһǰٺ򣬹ȻΪҶĿǰֵȷһԭ򣬾ԶҲ˶Լһܷ򣬴ӶԼʵһ㣬۳볾
Ҷ뿪ҵĵ죬ҶּҵַҲõһϢǾīʮʱ䣬ڸϵӡ֮أ붯Ⱦʦֻλĸ֣׷һֻޣȵץס֮󣬾ͻīһҶɱɱڶͽܵ֡Ҷ
Ϣַ˷ܲѣĵĺ˼ƣΪֻҪȾʦһôҶɥ֮գͬʱҲԼּҵ֮ʱˣ
Ҷһʱ䣬úʣӰɣ
ַɵ֮Уƺ˲֮ԼּҳΪҶ򣬲ǳΪݷǰδ

ٺҶľɾʮԶˣм֮ңǧûûҹĸ·ҲҪٴµʱ䡣
ҶԼĹƣûǧ֮£Լî˾ĸ·¾ܵ
ɲҶڴţʮӡĸ֣ȫٱٶȱǧҲǲضãοҶڵͬ˵֮߱ࡣ
ȵ뿪Ҷ֮Ҷ̽ȫӯ˫֮ϣſٶȡ
ȫ֮£ٶѾԺǧȴȻе㲻⣬һһ֪ҾӦȴͨϵѨλϵģĻҵٶȿ϶ܸ졣
仰ո˵꣬ҶͻȻðһͷǵڽҲһѨӿȪѨ
ͥѨ֮ͨӿϣôˣӶҲ뵽Ѩ˺ͨѨλһܹմ֮⣬ӦøӵһЩԼϵӿȪѨҲͨĻǲܹԼٶأ
뷨Ҷ˷ͨĸѨλԼ˵㣬ѨλҲ綼ҪͨģǾͲԿ
ӿȪѨλ׵ģѨͬҽŸһҲ
ΪҶʵ̫࣬Ҳͻ룬ͬʱȥͨӿȪѨ
Ϊ˸·ҶҸطĵԸɴڱܵĹУϵڽŵ֮ߣ̽ӿȪѨľλá
һȻӰ쵽һЩٶȣܱŲҪǿĶ࣡
ӿȪѨΪѨľλҲеңҶѾйһѰͥѨľ飬ҲżɵĿ
һ߸·һ̽ѨһĶ֮£ҶĲٿҲӵ;ȷ
̫ˣԺҪĻ˫£Ȳ·Ϊ
֮󣬰˫ŽĴһϸ΢Ĵʹ̽ӿȪѨλãҶѪɫӰԱһ£ȷ֮󣬾һļͨѨĹ̡
ͨѨҪСĽΪ߹СǵЧܻ˺˵ӦðҸطչأȫͨѨ
ҶҶĿǰ޲òϳϽңﻹԸͣʱ䣬Ȼһ߸·һ߽ͨѨḶ́һͬʱȥͨӿȪѨ
ӿȪѨλڽģҶҪ˫Ÿ·ȻѾŵˣÿһ̤ڵ棬ȻӿȪѨһЩССĴ̼
ټҪϵȥ̼ӿȪѨͬʱƺֲͬĴ̼ͨѨѶȱͥѨҪϼ
ǣҶϾܾһѣٱеλͻȻͣ£ɲסֱӵķɳȥ׿ſڵأҲĵϼ
֪˻ΪҶ޷ƺ˫ŵƽ⣬ʵԭӿȪѨܵĴ̼ͷ
Ҷû߹ٵרܵС·ߣûб˿ȻĻ϶ᱻ˵񾭲ץ
֮С·ߣҲԭģҶϣܹһЩֻ䵥ޣҲ֣һЩʵսľ顣
·⣬õģΪٺ򿿺Ҷ򵽺ߣֻҪ׼˶ķ򣬿϶ܵ
ò˵Ҷƺ̫ã뿪Ҷ죬볬ǧ֮Ȼûһֻޡ
ȥҶĿԽԽȷˤӵĴҲԽԽ٣Ȼһ컹ⲻҪˤΣǱտʼһˤʮѾ˺ܴ
ȻôˤҲҶջ񣬾ǶĿƣѾﵽһǷ켫ĳ̶ȡ
ֻϵһſڵϣҶɱһֻôҶԲ˵ϡ
ÿһķܷ˺Բ˷һ˿һ


89 İ
һӣҶ˾һֻ׶һеƽƽ˳ȥڼصɲǣȴǵڵһţɳշһȵ˫ء
Ҷϵٳ鴤һ£ղʱ΢һ˿
ȻͣˣҶɴͳûϢһ£һܣΧһͷĴ
ҶǵԼƬѾʱˣȻﲻɭ֣ƺҲС֪ʱܴȥ
˸·Ļ϶ܿɽ֣Ϊк˼ȻͻޣҶո˵ƫҪߣͲأ
Ҷ׼ҸطԵ㶫ʱ򣬶΢΢һһصĴϢ
Ҷ۾ʱΪ֮һĳҰ޵ֻǲ֪Ǻࡣ
ԸƷ׸ߵްɣҶﰵţԴӽʮӡ֮󣬻ûи˽ֵĻᣬȻһս񫣬Ҫ޵Ʒ̫ͣʲôˬأ
վҶķȥת˼ǰȻȷֻޣüͷȴ
ֻޣһֻѾˣŵһֻһ;޴ޣȻ峤ףֻǲͬǣëȻǺɫģʱ˿̣ĶƤ֮һƴС˿ڣðѪ
ֻģӦһͷܣ֮ҲѪֻѾѪӦһʱˡ
ΣҶôˣȻֻһ𣬴ҧ˻ܣȴҲڶƤ˺һ˿ڣҿǵӣ߱ˣҲԶˡ
ԭҶָܹһֻ޹񫣬û뵽ȴһֻͨ˶ɱĺǣȻʧת뿪Ȼǵ˫
ǵΪƽҶȴܸоĳƽ֮ȴһ̣
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ޣҶ֪Ĳ࣬Ϊ޵̫ˣһ֮лкö֣¾ǳ޴򽻵ӡˣҲ֪ÿһ޵֡
ǰֻ˵ҶֻΪǣ͸ȡǣݣȻ޴֪ˡ
Ҷ󲽵ŵϵĺ˹ȥҶҲ΢΢ţƺеη塣
ߵǰҶӣۺǶϵ˿ڵ£ã˵˿ڷǳЧø㣡
һ˵Ҷһߴӻͳƿӣҳװ˵ƿӣţ͵˺ǵ͵˵ܹ˿ڿᣬ⻹ǼȵģҩЧǷǷ
ûҶĻ˵꣬ͷͻȻſ죬һھҧҶĸ첲֮ϡ
Ҷû뵽ǻʱҧţȴûˣΪǵһȥû˿ټ¡
ҶˣԭղźǿԼ߽ʱĲΪ£ڻ
ҪǿˣҾɱ㣡
Ҷ磬һѾס˺ǵͣӲİ˿Լĸ첲֮󣬽˵ĿУɿ֡
˵ˮȻ׹ҶҪɱҪ֮¶һ˿ɻ
ҶɴףιһŲκǵûбˣԹԵſ͡
˵ֵҩ¶ǣ̾ͿʼãǶƤϵ˿ۿɼٶѸٵţҲú˾
Ƭ֮󣬺ǵ˿ѾȬټҲҡվҶĿһ֮󣬾Ȼͷֵȥ
źԽԽʧӰҶЦãҡͷԳҽʶʲôİǣ
ȻǱȻ֮ûһʾˣҶȻҲȥһֻ޼ƽЩ£ߵֻѾ͸˵ĻܵʬǰϸһԾǻܣӦǿħܰ
ħƷޣȻһ״̬ĻʵͻƷʮӡĸ֣ҲõĶ֣
ȻͷǾȻɱħܣ˵ƷҲƷˣ
֪ʲôˣȻˣͷħܾҵˣϧֻĶ˷ˣ
ҶҪһĿռ䳾Ļܽħܵʬ嶼װȥˣ


90 ǿ
Ҷû⵵£ҲҶῼҩǮȥһռ䳾ڣ뷨ֻʱϺˡ
ҶħܵϣʶӦ֮£̾ͽħڵοȻҲҵǿ
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Ҷָ罣صħܵؿһꡱһӰ絶ָȻֻƤëϴһӡǣûлƣ
޵Ƥ༫ΪʵѰϣ˶ãҶͲ֮ڣҲΪʲôҶӵһԭ
вܲտأ
ȻҶ֪Լֵиȥƶĥ룬˵Ƥˣȴи
Ϊ˾ƻƤҶָ֮ϳһɫ硣
ոƤ̾ͷһɽ֮ζȴ׵ľͱˡ
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Ҷһϲָ磬ٵƤճ˸Σɵľ͸ˣһֱ䵽С
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𣡡
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ħܵ徹Ȼٴ׳һ׵ĸ߶ȣ׸ߵħܣҶһŭȻ˫ţ˹
Ҷգգۣ¶˿Цɱͬ飬ұˣͽ˿״̬ǰǣʺҸƨɣԩ
Ҷ۶ɵĽûɢϻħܵھҲܽ͵οҶѹҲûͣպãѾƴ׼
䣬䣡
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ȻħܾԼԽԽҶûаη壬Ϊгħܾˣǿ״̬µ̫ȻӰٶȣҶСƶʮȫаħܽ
ҶҲ׼ʩչҪȺħܽһ
Ҷ۲ԳϹǲʤȻڿħƷ޵ģҲʮӡ߸ͨѨλĸˣҪٴγһ£ҲǶ˽򵥵ķ
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ħܶҶܵľٶЩɣԼһܹģԵҶǰʱ򣬾޴Ѿ߸𣬳ҶԴȥ
ƻӶ֮һļ磬ɼ֮ǿҶҲҵȫȫֱ֮ϣӭ˹ȥ
飡
ƺҶȭͷʵʵײһ𣬾ȻһˣħܵĿзһҺҶȭͷȻе㷢飬ǲûʲôʹС
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߿һĻĻԻʮӡĸӵеȻƷ޻ҪǿǷ˼顣
ϸ˵ʮӡֵʵƷ޼Ʒ޵ʵǿ϶Ҫǿʮӡĸ֣ȴƣõıͺõս
ǻۣǵĹҲֻԼıԼӵеߵսȴǿԽʵ߼ͷųҲߡ
Ȼˡ
ʱͷħܿҶȻԼʱ϶ʱ¶˿־֮ɫԭһ֮󣬾Ȼͷܡ
ȻΪԼͬ鱨ԼҪ
ħܵĶҶҲһ㶣̶ЦãԼûʼأԷôˣ
ҶȻŹôһõֶ󣬿зһХ˫һ㣬Ѿ׷ȥͬʱ˫ֻӳһڿѸ۳һ޴ĸͷħܵĺؿȥ
䣡
ͷħܵĺ󱳣Ȼʧȥƽ⣬һԵڵأȴûжʲô˺˿ڶûС
ҲҶ֮Уλζ䣬Ѿħܵ󣬸ͻȻһס֣


91 
ҶѾ·߹˰ǧأΪʼߵĶ˼С·Ըûмˣʱ˿̣ȻȻе㾪ȣ΢΢һջ˹վħܵԱߡ
һƿֻ֮һɫӰԼٶȴԶ˹Ҷǰ
ԼѮǱãŵľȻһԽ˿֯ɵȻӦǳ
˶ҶһۣȻѸһɨΧ˲ԶѾħܣǰǰֻſڵװѾָͨ״̬ħ֮һ˿֮ɫ
ҶޱĿŶԷ˭Ϊʲôס֣
˹ֵ
û˵꣬ȻſڵϵħܶȻƣݺݵ˫ţ
ͷħܵѾͣȻ֪͵ϮҸĵȻҶҪǿȻҹҶԸɴ๥
ƺעҶϣȻзƼĵϵʱ˫Ѿһ㣬˸߸ԾͬʱжһݺݵĴơ
꣡
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Ҷвٴ΢΢һȻܴħܵƤ⣬˵õ϶ǳ
Ϊ磬ӦòᳬӡȻĻһԲֻǴһˡ
ӡӵгȻԴͷԲС˵ҶұȲˣǾҲȲϡ
ħƱƣʹ֮£ĺһ¾ʹӵͻȻſ˫ƣͬʱջ¡
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Ҷû˵꣬ٴһΣǰʧ׼ܵħܵǰ̧ݺһȭħ֮ܵϡ
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ħſڵϣûϢҶվħܵԱߣ׽һɫԲζ΢Цſ˭˵ҵĵ֣
סˣΪѾҶеͷħ֪ܵҶôɱͷħܵģڸղҶٶʵ̫죬ֻԼ俴һϹ⣬ǻҿ϶
ҶôɱħܵģȷʵˣҲǰ˵ʵµۣʮӡ۷ĸ֣
һ֣ȻԼҪҲҳᣬ¶һЦݵȷ˵ˣ̨£̨֪γƺ
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ҶҪߣæסҶ
㻹ʲô£
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ʵҶҪҲΪǮ˵ڵòš
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¶ԥ֮ɫҶҪ뿪æŵҪΪһ
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92 
Ҷ⣬¶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫҶ˵Цˣû۳ƳҶֲīǸ˰ɣ
ǣҶû˵ʲôīǣھҶѾаǧˣеķΧ֮ҲǺ顣
żҾΪ֮ͨīڱ
ҶȻĵ˵ͷʦҩʦһǼΪһְҵȻżһôѹȻֻӡȴӵгսĺöˡ
֪˶Է֮Ҷﲻ˼ΪҪһ
׼ԼЩƵĵҩȥһҶͻȻ£ȻֻܽԼԸϺ󣬿ټϸոյֵöħ˼ٴλ
ȻǮȥͬ·һȥ˵ʺԼģų֡
ĳ˵ƵģǴʵʦƳģҪӵһõĳõİ취ʦΪԼ죬רơ
ܹżҰԼһ
֣һ£ʦ֣æһĻҪǮ
ҶĻһ˿֮ɫ
ʦǺεȸ߹Ĵڣнͷˣ㻨ϴǮʦҲһԸȥΪƳҶȻҪżҵʦæƳȻеЦˡ
ҶеղһɱħܵʵȴԼĳ뿪˵Ҷȴɫһݣɰһȥ
ٶ֮죬ֻǾǰһȻѾʧȥҶӰⲻɻͬʱҲǰ࣬һ﾿ǶߵΪٶҲ̫ˣô˵ĺúõľˣѵΪԼղ¶ĳ֮ɫˣԲԸٸԼ˵ȥˣ
ҡҡͷٶ룬תҪֻħܵʬ壬ȻͻȻһԼ
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ҶʵԽԽˣʵߣٶȿ죬ã
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ǰеһյأյ֮ϣվˣ˲Զ֮һëĺĺǶţȻղŵǺġ
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ĵ˵ͷ˿ĭſͣŷԼе㷢ǫһƴɱлߣ͸ϽӣҪŹǣܻŻȥһҪﻮΪأ׼żκٿƬɭ֣
ŲǫȻĶӣһ⻰ҡͷҪһߣҪҲһ
֮һ˽ĵһĸסүߣ
ĸסԼĶӣȻǫ˾ҲʵҲûʲôãҵĻһߣס߲ΪԼΪżˣ
˵Ȼ̾һû뵽ȻĴڣ
Ȼ˵ЩʲôȴĬĬĵͷȻǽ
ǵĶԻҶ֣ǺֻǣҺƺԺǶɥʧܻȥģҪ֪ͨżˣƬɭֻأ׼
ⲻҶе棬ҲǾӡĸ֣гһսȻĸΪߣҲӡĸ֣һֻǣôһĶûأ
ֻҲȥҪĻҲᱻһͷƷ޿ħܸ˳ˣ˵Լڿ¶Ѿˡ
Ҷͷ಻ᳬƷҪô
뵽Ҷüͷ΢΢𣬲ʵ֣ܷһ£ͷǾʲôǺܺ
ҶȻԼʶ˶һ㶣Цŵ£ޣοǱޣ˭᲻£
ޣ
ޣ


93 
ֵҶеԾˣǰͷԾǸոձԼκƺ󲻸İǣû뵽Ȼͷޣ
޺һʵӵ͵߿ԷΪƷ͵ȼһƷޣҲӡܶԸġ
ʮӡֵʵƷ޼ģսͳôҲƷ޿һ£ƷޣгսʮӡĸҲֻ·һ
Ʒ֮ϻоƷƷ֮һƷޣӡޣֻ·һ
ޣģӵʥѪǵʵֱܹһƷޣôʵ൱ڶƷޡ
Ϊʲô˴˿̸սĶʧȥ˵ԭ
ҶȻ벻ͨ㣬޲ӵʥѪ𣿿ʥ֮вûʥް
УǱ޵ĻǰôһֻƷĿħܶ򲻹أ
ʱѾŵһûг֮ǰīһ£˵Ƭɭ֮УסһͷıޣΪȫ죬쳣ʼ˭ţôȥȴûһģǶµһЦ̸û뵽⾹Ȼģ

ҶԿ϶Լûޣӣ϶˵ٻڵòȻֻʮ꣬ͻӡ֮˥ٶȻӶʮˣԹʵʮꡣ
Ҳ˵ʮǰʹˣǸʱǱˣڣ¶ֻһƷˣǶƷƷˡ
ȻҶ벻Ϊʲôħܴƽ֣뵽ȻǶƷƷޣﲻҲǴ˸ͻֵȼޣԲԼܿġ
Ҷ֣ҲԵҶֽܹɹߵĻôҲҶȥżң¸Ҵ磬ҲżҼǣʱҴлġ
ûҶشż֮ǸĺȻСôǺûʲôأ
ȷʵҲˣͷԼ˶ôʱ䣬ôһ㶯ûУҪǻޣͷ𹥻ˣﻹԼ˵ôĻ
ŲǫҲСֹһֱڿλҶӡ
ҶҲˣԼ֮۾ʼڿԼʮֵƽ֮ǰʱȫͬûᣬҲûв̣ǿһһº
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ʵͻȻðҶȻʶͷԼȹĵǲǲͬԼǵͷǣ׼Լأ
⵹Ҷ˼룬޶ˣ˵ˣ˲˵֮⣬ܿͷҶҪ
뵽Ҷ˿ǣֿ˿ˣһת֤һԼ뷨
Ҷǰһһ˳һǵ״̬ǵвҲһԼٶȻҶȴȶˣҿӣƺ׼ŵ߹ȥΪ
ȻȻҶϵöʱϣҶܹעǺ͵ĻԼ˾ͿԳûˡ
СĶ˵һ͵Ļߣֳ򣬲ǫң
ô죿𣿡
ѣҡҡͷҸոʶˣ˵ˣ׼ã
ΪԼҶ
Ҷһ֮󣬶ĵȻû˿Ķֻ˫۶Ҷ
Ҷ΢΢һ֮ͣ󣬾ȻŲǵߵ˵ǰ
ȻһƽĺҶš
һĻ˵Ӷɳˣôľ֮£ȻҶ
ҶŵȻڣ˸ǲģ
Ȼ˵ͷ
ǺǣҶȻԼĻһ֤Լ뷨¶Цݣҡҡͷˣ֮Ͷѣ߰ɣ
ҡҡͷ
Ҷ˫һ̯㲻ߣѲɻң
ͷ
ҶסˣΪ˱ȻԸԼ
޼ȻӵǣȻҲϣ֮УҪǿΪı׼
࣬ᵱѣ˾㲻ˣͷȻԸԼϣҶʵԲԼ࣬ʵǳҶϡ
ȻҶһҲģתһͷȴǲʵ϶һĶˣοһͷıˣ
õԼǲ֪ж˻ᶢԼʱ򲻵Լͼ鷳ϣܿҲձɱ
ˣĿƬ֮ҶɫңΪҺ㶼鷳Ҳ㣬ɣұǿ֮ң𣿡


94 £
ȻҶ˵ȴܿһͷһҡͷȻǲµҶں͵Ի
۾ԲʹţѾҪתˣҶǵ±ޣܹͬһڽ̸
ҶⷬܳϿңҲʵʵĻ֮΢΢ͷŹâ˸ƺڿǡ
ҶŵɣҸ㣬ҽҶպһ㣬ڴ֮ǰ㻹סɣҪСĵ㣬ΪȻЩ֪Ĵڣǿ϶취㲻ģ˵ʵһû뵽ôıأ
΢΢ֿЦһȴǵ˵ͷȻ֫ߵҶߣԼԴĲ˲Ҷ֮תȥ췢һǺ
໣
˶ĺɫëɭȥתѾʧ
ҶȻվԭأעŵʧķвип඼֪֪ͼЩȴ
վƬ֮ҶתֲԶ˷·˵һվһ
ղͷҶΣ˵ʵ̫ˣ
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֣ѾˣӦòˣûʲôµĻȸˣǺڣ
ԭҶżҰæһģղ¶˿ȴǿԶҲûʲôøУȻҲٹ
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⵹еҶϣ
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ҶֲĻһؼң濴Ҷ־ķϣû׼ӦΪҶһ
ȻղҶǶûʲôøУĵǸȴʮϣټϳջ󡭡
ʱŲǫҲڵҶǰ̫үүˣҪ֪ң϶Ӧһġ
ʵ֮ҶȥĿľҪ£Ҷ
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κһɣҪ뷢չ׳󣬳Լ˺֮ͬ⣬취һЩ£ּ롣
ҪǣܹҶʵ;Բᳬʮ꣬ʮʮӡ۷ĸ֣պǰ;С
ȻżĿǰѾһλ֣һʦżҵĵλ˲٣˭ҲԼҵĸԽԽġ
϶Ҷպĳɾ;Ծ˵£Ըһ£
ӶˣǸղͷ˲벻飬Ҷ뵽Լĸס
΢һ֮ҶӦȴ⣺֣һĻҪʱ䣿
˵ȫĻҲҪµʱɣȻĹлܻһЩʱ˵ӳ١
ȻҲûΪԼүү֣ٻ˽һġ
£Ҷüͷżٺңʵڲżҵôõʱ䡣
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ҶͷҪµʱµȲˡ
תתҪҶȥæ£æҼңʱҲȥٶռϡ
ҪЩʲôϣҶһϲͨ
ɾ͸ˣͨķȻҪĲҲҪ߼һЩ˿ʯ֮⣬ҲǱزٵġ
ƳǱҪеģҶҪ󼫸ߣһƷҪƷƷҪһƷҲһƷ޵
۸ô󣬳϶֮⣬ҲеĴͷ
֮ƷԽߣƵĳɹҲԽߡ
żҾҪΪո̤ӡŲǫһеҲѾ꣬òŶӺͼˣƬɭ֣ҪɱֻƷޡ
ǵҲãɭֶʱˣֱŷħܵټȴҲҶ
ĽͣҶ˼ĵͷҩźܴġ
ҩҪĲһƷ֮ʱǺܱˣ洦򵽣ɾͲͬˣֻͨǵǺð죬ͨĽͭã۸Ҳˡ
ǳʹõȻҪĲȻЩ֮ͨԽ߼Խá
ɣ֣ȥֻҪһţһ͸ɣֻʬֵģþܾίæƳı꣬Ȼ϶ֲһļֵԣҶҲǷһ飬պҪҰæĵطԵݷҶҶңΣ


95 ٺ
Ҷγ£ԼʵĿģԸɴͽˣ˵ǰͷõʱ鷳
Ҷе΢һͷȻҶôˬ죬ҲˣöʬԵֳˣ£Ҷֻǧϡ
ֻ˵Ŀ׻ںʵҶ顣
ҶܲףһЦ֣ȻһѾ˵Ȼ޸֮¾ôˣǵҰ֮ȥ߶ţиˣ
΢΢˹֣Ҷλζ֮䣬ѾŶȥգ۱ʧ˵ǰ
ĿҶ뿪֮Ҳһпѣع𷢴ˣȻˣû׼ȥʬʰˣȻϽ뿪
һֻصֻħʬĸϾħҲƷޣ¶ǱȻܰװ˷ѡ
Ҷûа취ʬ壬żҷбǼɵľͽӲƤ
Ųǫ֮⣬˷ֹȷ֫ʬֽʰȻѾǵһˡ
һٷʱ䣬ѾһͷħܵʬʰˣҸɾһ㶼û˷ѡ
ڶֻħܵԱߣ˺ǽʬ˹⿴˿ʬؿڣһڴ˿ڡ
̲סٴηпҿ۽ˣȻܹͽ֮ᴩħܵ壬Ӳץ˼
仰֮Ŀ֮¶˲˼֮ɫ
ҶʱڵĻ仰ȻЦʵȻǲСǻûдܹͽֹᴩħĵز
֮ΪƤٺҲסҶΪ˱¶ȿƵļ䵽λֻǽƤմȻ˻棬ȭͷᴩ
Ҷѹ׵ıˣԲ򲻵ѵʱǲκ֪ġ
ڶֻħܵʬҲʰɾˣڴҴ뿪תżҡ
ҶŶǰȻӿȪѨȻûбͨǶϵ̼ȴѾٶʱ䣬Ѿ߳Ƭɭ֡
з飬ҶҲĸ棬Լһͷ޳ΪѣҳҲ˵üĿ
ҶƭԼ˽ΪţԲִ¡
һ뵽ԼӵһҶȻⲻһ˷ܣ췢һХٴμӿԼٶȣٺķٱȥ
ʱ䣬ҶҲûʲô֮ƽµĵٺ
֮ǰҶԪ͸Ҷϸ˵йٺ
ȻһӣʵȴǼСҶ򶼱ȲϣΪǰֻһΪҴСӣҲԲΪƽա
ΪҴ߳һλߣķչ׳𽥵γһСȻҲ½Ǩ֮Ȼֻһң˵Ҿʵۡ
ٺλüΪƫƧһкϳҲǧ￪⣬߻ʵԶƿغϳǵҲԸû¾ܣټҲܻ£ɶ᲻ТԶҿɽغ˽Σ飬Ҳһֻ۱һֻۡ
Ҷİ׵ĳ֣Ȼ̾ͱϵ˷ˣûҵңѾһװסȥ·
һߣȻǾľ磬Ҷƾжܹ֮ƶϣӦòᳬӡ
ȻٺֻһҶô߱ȻҲңȻҶͻȻҶҲ·һ£Ҳ֪û˺֮ǰԼûǲҪҵͻ
ˣҶ΢ЦĿ˵λǲˣ
˶һۺһɫһ˭ٺʲô
ҽҶǴݷҶҶģҪҼүӣ
Ҷ˿ûԼݣţҵ˿϶֪ԼҶҡ
ȻҶ֮¶˾֮ɫȻͻȻԼ΢Ҷ֣Ĳɣүڱչأһʲôʱأذɣ
ⷬ˵ҶʱӿһŭԼԶĹǲҶ⣬ҲڶԼ̬ȰɣȻҴŶԼ
ȻǰͣĶԼ۾ƺʾʲô
Ҷ΢΢һʲô˼
ʱһͻȻԱߴ˵ʲôأ˭
ͻȻ˵¶˾֮ɫҶҲ̧ͷӲԶ߹һλ׺׳


96 ǿ
󺺵ɢһֱ뺷ϢͿ࣬˫ʱأҶƲľٴﵽ˰ӡ
ʱѾߵ˵ߣĵǹģ˵ǲҽİ֣
仰ҶȻһԼѾΪʲôúõͻȻͶ˺Լˡ
˼æֵˣˣûна֣˵УҲܽһӹֻ·ٺ򣬹·ġ
ȷҶʮ꣬Ȼ΢ͬ˸ߵ㣬ôᳬʮ꣬һʮСһǿǿȥأ
һתҶǸ˵𣬴߾Ǻϳˣߣ
ţȴҶһ֮թĵСһһ𣿡
Ҿһˣ
ССͣȻ͸һ˳ҳҲǷİϱȻʲôöɣ
ҶͷǰүүһˣҲٷĺö
ҶĻ˵¶˽֮ɫȴֲҲ廰ֻܲͣĳô󺺲עʱҶʹɫʾϽ뿪Ҷȴװûп
Ȼкö󺺵¶̰֮ɫСӣ·ҪôϵĺöҪôˡ
ҶЦЦðɣѡһ㣡
˵ҶѾ뻳ƺҪͶ󺺵۾ҲĶҶ֡
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ磬ûȴ󺺷ӦָѾĲϡ
Ҷס󺺵Ĳӣ΢΢һȻֱӽֱֱ
Ϳ࣬ȻȴҶӲһĻҶĿɿڴ
󺺵˫סҶ̵ľʹ˳Ҷֱ˸˿
ҶһЦ㻹ҪҪöˣ
ܹ˵óͨ죬ƴҡԴҶҶ˵λ֣ҵʲôˣ
;ˣ˿ҶĻȻع־ϲĵԭҶ־Ȼز¶лҶֳˡ
£ûҶӦͿоȻԳһȻ֣ݺݵĴ˴󺺵֮ϡ
ڿеʱһ鴤һѪصĵͷȥ
Ҷ㿪˴³ѪҶ˵ķӦȴĸе𺧺һ˿ССĲ
ԭҶ׼ɱ󺺣ֻҪסȻҾʲô£Ȼû뵽ҵ˾ȻкԼһͳûɱ˴󺺡
ȻҶҲɱˣҲ÷ʲôˣǰĴ󺺸˵زʶȴΪԼסе㲻
һɣ󺺵ʬȻ˵ϣҶȻû˵ʲôϵıȴǽĲʾ˳
Ҷ˿Ҷı飬һ㶣̶׹һ˵Ҷ벻ҪᣬҲɱ֮ˣֻǲɱͻᷴɱǡ
ʵҶҲ֪˵ʵʼ֪ԼҶ֮󣬾ƴʾԼߣԼ˶֣֤ǵĵزǿһԼʧָоܡ
ǼһЦݵûʲôλܸ˵˵Ҿʲô˰ɣ
˵˵ͷﲻ˵֮أҶǻظүӿһܸ˵ġ
ã
˷˿һ´ʬ壬һ˴Ҷȥ·Ҷ֪˽壬ҵ
Ҳҷ򵥵ĸҶ
ȻУȴߣǾӡһأһأӣߵҲ壬ء
Ϊٺĵͱˡ
ȻһֱңҾһܵٺǿŻٺ򶼱ǿռˡ
ȸ½֮ϣǿ࣬й̶ĸݵأһķΧ֮ڻҲһЩǲͣڸ֮ܡ
ǿŻȽͷۣΪǾǴСǿһһԵȫ𣬶һ©֮ߣò˶ãֻγһµǿŻֻҪЩǿǲ̫ҡҲȥǡ
ҶȻҲ˵ǿ飬Ҳ֪Ȼǿȷʵĺ˷ʤֵĿ϶һЩãٻȥ֡
Ȼңôضһط˺ܶ꣬һĵ̣ǿȥҵ鷳ʤСҾܹɹƱҲḶСĴֳֺۣõ飬ǿǲġ
Ȼҵʵ˵㣬ȻǿҲӦòô׾ͱǿݰ
Ҷɻ̾˿Ҷ֪ǿʵߣ˵ǵǴﵽʮӡĸ֣ǲŻҶ֣


97 Ҽ
ӵʮӡĸ֣ȥɣȥǿȻе˼ҲʲôţϾ˸־ҵǿҲеǿĺô
ҵʵ£ӵʮӡֵǿټǿ˶һĻȷֲʲôȥ
ŵ˵Ҳ֣Щǿҵĸַʩʮ˽⣬ǰڰڣϵĸֻǾȻͳͳ˲ΪԭĻʵҲڻ˲һ
ⷬҶеɻǿڼи˽Ҹַʩ£Ҫǻңǲǹأ
֣Ϊʲôǲȥϳǵأ
ЦŵǿŵʱүӾ͵͵ǰϳˣû뵽׼סǰϳǵĸ·ɳȥļ˶ɱˡ
ҶһȺǿӲͨں֮ڣ龹ȻȫǶҵ˽⣬Ī֮ǰµļϸ
ϸһǣҵڲҶΪһˣȻ뵽ȻҲ˵
ʱȴĿҶҶ֣ôһǧĴҶأ
ҶȻʵʵ˵ΪҶҶҵĲ·ҲŻʦġ
ҶͻȻӵҵ֪֮ͨүү÷ǳΣƲʲô⣬Ծҹˣϻһүүдױţȼүӵʱٽ
Ŷ˵ͷϵıеԥƺ˵ʲôȴû˵ڣҡҡͷ̾˿ͣĬĬĴ·
ı鱻Ҷ΢΢һЦܲµҪʲô޷ǼȻµ⣬ΪʲôֻԼһǶæ
ȻղҶɾסǸ󺺣ǿҶľҲͰ۷壬ֵȷǸ֣һ۷ˣôҲܻʮӡǿͷӵĶ֣
ˣҶĵ岢ΪܰԼļ⣬ҶϾǿˣЩȻ޷˵ڡ
ҼȻٺʵۣټôĽ˽ε⣬Ȼ˵ɵйҲԲȥסĵطȻԳΪڹģͺ̶ȣȻҲԶҶңݷǵĳҲǺѷɫ
ҶвепʲôʱԼҶҲӵ˵Ĺģͺˡ
ʱ˿Žգ˹ȥйɵĶ£Ƭ֮󣬴Ŵһ죬һʮĺ̽ͷһǰվŵ֮̽ȫ򿪣Цŵ磬˰أ
ҵеϴȻĵܵˣЦӵԴе£һͻҶ֡
úĿҶΪԷͺԼĵܵҶҶȽϽӽҶĿ⺬Ц˵ͷ
Ҷ֣СĺӣСĵܵçСçȥүү˵˵ҶҶйá
çӦһתһ̵ĳУҲЦǺǵҶ߽
ֱӴҶĴ̨֮Ѿվһλɫͷ׷΢ߡ
Ҷ̴󲽵ӭȥû뵽ԴӶʮǰҶϸһ֮󣬽վȻҶϸĺˣӣʲô֣
Ҷһ֪λ߾ҵļţҵæǰһͷݣҶүӣүүҴ˼ʺá
ֽضҶҶأ
үүһġ
ϵıʱΪҶ仰סˣе㲻ŵĵһ˴Ҷģ
ǵģ
һԵҲҶ˵үүҶֵȷһġ
Ŷŵ¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫ
ֵүүҶָղų˲Ʒ˽ͬҺ˳ûɱˡ
ʲô¶֮ɫٴϸĴҶһֵ֮Ҷʲôǽȥ˵
֮ҶͳүүױŵݵŵǰҲûе飬ֱ˺ſ
֮¶֮ɫ̾˿˵Ƕ飬ҵ˼ȺǿôģȥŵģҲǵˡ
ҶͷѾ˵˲ˣҲˣүү֮ƾǽȺǿ߻ɱ֪үүʲôƻûеطҪҳĻҶؽȫԸ
ȻҶ˵ĻǺ⣬ȴЦҡҡͷȻͷûҡһٿȻֹͣͬʱһ˫۾ɵùԲ
Ϊʱ˿̣Ҷ϶Ȼɢһɰƣεľ޴ѹɲǼ


98 ҳ󲻿
ȻݷǼ֮УҶʮֵ˵˲֪˲뿪ݷǵңǣǵȶû˵֣˵֮ٺˡ
ȻŸΪҶҶҵܹı£ҪԸǿҲܻȥҶ
Ҷܲŵ뷨ҵĿʦģ֪֮Ȼ͸ı뷨ҪҽĿǰ⣬ΪֻûˣԼҶҲܼ
ҶҪԼİҽ⣬ôպ֮ϣӦûõҶңԲò΢չʾһԼʵöԷԼиµʶ
ȻŸܵҶͷųǹӴѹ֮ϵı־ϲΪҲǾӡĸ֣ʵ޷ҶͷŵѹҶΪҪ߹ԼܴﵽʮӦԲ֮
ȻŲҶܹﵽʮӡľ磬Ǵ˿ʵͰǰǲҲš
ɫı仯Ҷ֪ԼĿѾﵽԼþգϵƣ΢Цվעš
˿̣ͬҶҶ˾һ׵ĺڶһǳ
˿֮ŴЦúúãԹӢ۳꣬ҶϸˣĽѰ
Ҷ΢Цŵүүܸܲ˵˵Σûʲôƻأ
ЦһҪ˵ҶȴǻȻתͷˡ
΢΢һһ̣ȻһϢĳ֮ҶԼϵɫҲһǱˬʵЦǺǣλؾҶϸˣȻһ˲Ű
ҲһλߣҺŵĳżƣҶɻĿţƺе㲻ãȻܵܣλҶϸҶҶҵܵܣ·
ȻŵĵܵܣҶȻҲҵǰһ񣬶·ʮָһЦŵĽҶ񣬴磬ҶϸˣҲ֪ͨһҪҶϸ֪ˣ˵ҵ𣿡
ƽĵҶҲǸյ׼ȥ֪ͨ㣬û뵽Լˡ
·Ҷ֣еѯҶҵҶһ߻شһȴע⵽ŵɫԽԽﲻ΢΢һֵܶ˵ĹϵƺǢ
ڵ֪Ҷһٺ֮·Եʮֵ˷ܣҶļҶһ·ˣȥԸ׼磬ӷϴ
ֱ·Ӱʧ֮ŲȻһ̾վҶ鷳
ҶҲԭ򣬸ŵ鷿鷿Ź֮ŲſЦſڵҶҶΪΣ
žȻԼһˣǲ·Ƭദѯ⣬ҶȻʶʲô
Ȼ·ֻ˼򵥵Ľ̸ҶȴĲ˶ԷԶʵڣҪ˵ֱ׵Ļα
뵽ֵܶ˵ĹϵǢԼԼ֮ǰĻ֮뵽ǸܣҶѾ˸󵨵ƶϡ
΢΢һЦҶҡҡͷүүˡֱԣȺǿǲүģ
䣬Ŷʱŵŵš˳󷽲ͣΣ˼֮ɫҶ㣬ô֪ģ
ŵķӦѾ֤ʵҶĲ²ȷġ
ⲢѲ£ղָ˵ȺǿȻ֪õĸַʩʱҾ뵽ӦǿӦ˵ĵλ϶ͣȻĻܶеķʩָƣٽү̬ȣѾǲԶˡ
Ҷ˵ļ򵥣ҪƶϳЩʵһ˿ǺõģϾҶǸողһһʱ
Ѿ𾪵һƨϣĿɿڴĿҶ֮ڿЦŵͷ˵ˣҼŲңȻֳ¡
·ΪʲôôҶҲףıȡ֮λƿҺٺ
үүʵү뻢ıƤʱĻȺǿ
Ҷ⼸仰˵꣬ŵѾ׵ûһ˿һ֮⣬ȫǽ䵱ƽȵ
˵ǣҲ֪Ǿ֪ҲҵļҳĲ֪ôˡ
ȷԼ׵ܹܵҪ壬»˭ð졣
ɱ˰ɣѪŨˮ²ȥ֣ɱɣҲŶԷƽ֮֡
ҶȫûŵĹ˼ɣʼʵ취ܼ򵥣ֻҪȺǿͿˣ


99 
Ҷ˵ķȷֱҲܼ򵥣չ¶֮ǰ˵Ļſ·ǵ᲻ţҪЦڣȴͷǰֻҪܹȺǿǾ´ˡ
үүȺǿֻ֪ǵͷλʮӡĸ֣پľͲ֪ˣ鷳˵һ£⣬ʲôط
ٺҶֻǼλѾĽͬҲûмǿȻǲٺС
ʮңΪ֮ʮӡ֮⣬ӡĸ֣ȻǰǸסĽֻͬҪܽˣ˾Ͳõˣ֮ԶԸ
ڣӦǳȥˣߵģӦòŻˣ
ԣҶʵ
ԣЦŵͷӦûûм󺣰ɣ󺣷Ա½Ҫö࣬ޱ޼ʵĴ֮УŴԴƱһиָУЩӳԵǿ˵ɾǸȻĴ󱦲أԴռ֮ÿһʱͻԡ
ҶֻѪûм󺣣ôһ˵ˡ
ΪʲôǲǳԵĻᣬɱͬȻ˳ȥԮأ
ͬȻǰӡſǾӡɱǴ´ġ
ÿ뿪ʱ򣬶ҵȥ䵱򵼣ʵϾΪʣҶ
ŶԭҶѾˣǼȻˣҾסգȵǻҷλ֮Ըǣڴ֮ǰүүÿܺүҪǿͨ籨ţнͬѶ
ͷӦͬʱҲڸпҶ˼ǼΪܣҶԪˣȷ˷ǳĽ
ҲĸлԼλϴܹԼҶ˹Ҷֻһˣʮӡĸ֣һѾ㹻
֮Ұٺô׵ľͱǿ£ʵԭֻһԷʮӡֵǿͷӣڶ·ΪӦ֪µ
ڿǿͨ裬˵ң֪ôˣΪ˱Լܵ˺ǵѡ˷ֿǿҺٺ
ȻǿǵĻӭٺĵҲǽﵱ˸ݵأﳤ淢չȥûдɱ䣬ʱ˵ֻҪǵǲˣɱҲֻǳ¡
ҶĵܹԸǿͷӣڵȫԶԸʣµǿˣŵ̤ʵһ㡣
Ҷ֮ʱҾ׼Ҷ˵ʵϻڸĵĻȻãϵĻֻܽˡ
Լ˵ҶЦЦүүԼˣһˣʵǲʺ϶˵ʲô
ϣҴϯͨ·ڵֱϵϵ˼ȫټ˹ȻҪǰ·ԼѼ壬ǿ顣
˵ʵҶֳĲǺӦҲûа취ֻΪźõϯ֮ϣϻñЦݡ
֣µ˽һҶݣԼ֮⣬Ҷֵֵܶ˶֪ҶʵȻû˵ע⡣
·ʼնһ˿ЦעԼĴ磬ƺſϷ̬Ҫʲô
Ž״̬ҲʮֵĺãЩȻΪ˷ģòڳӣʵﶼˣҶĵһ
ȵƹѲ֮ٴվԼĵܵܵܣ˶ˣûʲôҪ˵
˶еĿӾƱɻעֵܶˡ
·һЦվ磬峤ҵ˵ģ˵ʸûʲôҪ˵
ĳļȰܣһжɲҪһٴҪǵȵ޷֮󣬺ڿɶˣ
·һ磬ˡҲⷬ˼ʲô˵һ˵׵㡣
·Ǵˣµֻܳ̾һðɣҾʵʵ˵ܣǿͻȻǰҺٺ򣬲ܹԤ֪еأһ㹴ǿģ
ⷬ˵꣬˶ʱʧɫȻǸû뵽Ȼ·ġ
·ȴǷЦ磬ɲ˵ʱͻȻ˵ĻѵܵĥѲ˵ҹǿʲô֤ݣ
ĿԼĶܰκĬĬĴӻͳһشнӡǵͭǮСֽƬ֤ݣ㱾յģû뵽ۣʣôһûš


100 ұ
ע־ŵֽƬղŻһŵ·ʱɫ
ȻҲΪ֮ȻҶȴǰͷԭʵѾԼĵܵܺǿ֤ݣֻϣ·ܹԼϣһٶĸᣬʼûн֤ݶ¶
·粻жȻɺâû뵽һһʱˣģҽǿģôֻΪ˶峤֮λûҪκˡ
Ȼ֤ȷ䣬·ȻҲȥˣʹĵҡҡͷܰôôͿأǿɱ˷Żգ۵ǿȻ֪ǴӦʲô϶ʲôҲòΪ˶ѵû𣿡
·¶Цİɣ磬ôܻôأ뵽Ҷ뵽ûʮգǲôģֻҪ峤֮λóҲر֮˵ҾͿ㱣֤˶¡
ҶŻȻԭ·ֻΪ峤λãҪĻΪҵĲر
ٺںܾ֮ǰֻǸС壬ҲΪԴӳһλ֮󣬴ӵ𽥷˸ı䣬ķչΪһСĳ
ĵҿԿɽغΣҪǿŴȻĴ󱦿⡣
ոյûõǿڴгͷÿһʱҪԣǸ˵סˣǴӴ֮еõĺôġ
µĻͱҵıأұĳĵطֻ峤ʸ֪
·Ŀģ
ŶԼܵܵĻһҡͷܰܣҲرǵ汲ģǸ׼ģֻƥﻳĵӦ֪Щûһģڽó˵ֻлûкô
û˱Ҷĸˣᵽⷬе˼ƾĿǰʵıǵзǵӲʲôô˶ɱ֮ŵĿܣ
ŵĿʮܵģϧѾѬ۾·벻
ߺߣ磬£ƺΪ˿ǣʵϵĿĿΪ˽Щذɣ
̧ͷ쳤³һٵͷʱѾ֮ɫȻҲףԼܵȻ˵ҩɾȣǱ˵ͨˣĿĿ·ܣȸǿ֮󣬹ұ֮Ȼһڴ֮ǰֻίˣ
£˫һһ۶ɵֱӷɵ·ߣѸٵĲס塣
·ֻǰӡԴĹȻǸûз֮Ȼ˱סȴ˿ûн֮ɫŪĵ磬òΪƾҶδɵСһܽЩǿ˰ɣһģڣҾ׼αɱģ
Ҳ˵ʲôֱӻ˻֣̾˹·ߣ
֮ˣʱ˿̣һϷ飬ʵǴ̫𺳣е˶վߵģϾǿ·ģݺס
ˣƽĿڳÿһ˵λˣȻ֮ҶģΪ峤ҲвжΣ֮ȵȥ֮һһһȥϢɣ
Ⱥ뿪ˣʼҲû˭ҶϿһۣӲ뵽֮ԽͻȻһȫΪ˵ĵȻŽʵ˵ҲţŻὫҶɿɽ
ҹˣҶҲסΪŵİһԺ֮С
ǿ飬ҶûзϣΪ˵ȫһС¶ѣǽʮӡ;ӡĸ֣ʣµ齻ҾͿˣԱЩ̶̻յǼΪɡ
ΪǿʱܻҶҲұչȥȵҹ˾ʱ뵽æŸ·ûҦɽ˳ᣬϽǳɡ
ĸ˱ǰĸ˶ǳ֣һͷΧĲͬΪֱӵʵôطˣ
Ҷ򵥵Ľ˵һ飬겻һЦǿʮӡߣּʵǹκεȤ
ҲҼңزģҲȥˣ⾪ŵˣɣ


101 ͼ
ҶҪȻΥǱҶǰϯض
Ȼ˵죬֮⣬Ȼǰ˵ˣҲ֪˵Щʲô˭Ҳû˵ԵеΡ
Ҷһת룬ָ˵ǲˣΪϵĶ֮⣬ʲôҲ벻˸ҲǸ취ԻԼͷɡ
˵ʲôأ
Ҷ뵽ͷ˼İǣʵˣ˵𣿡
仰˵Ŀͬʱеӵϣһ֮΢΢ЦǶʲôֲǲ֪
ѩЦһǼҪ˵޵˽⣬ȵ㡣
Цҡҡͷ˵Цˣ
֮ĶԻҶһͷˮѾ͵֪ǰˣԶ¼ĸ඼ǼΪ˽⣬ⷽ飬׼û
ˣ
Ҷ鲻Խľ뵽ȸ½ϵһˣɻʵ֣˺ӡʲô𣿡
ӡˣֵ¶֮ɫˣҡҡͷû˵ʲôӡˣ˵ľ𣿡
Ҳֻ֪ҲһȺˣͬʱҲһɣӦܹķʹѱ޶
ӡ壬ҶֻԼĴ˵һΣԼûйȥ˽⣬ֻ֪Щ
ӵüͷķӡ壬ѵӡ˳ȥӡֻͼĿ֮ǲܿƼޣ
ҶԺˣӱ
壬ͨշޣγһͬĹϵȻͬһ塣
˵ľ޵ľҲ֮Ȼս֮ʱҲһ壬й
շ޵ķкܶ࣬ΪȼӡµȵĿ֮ӡζӡӡȵ֣򵥵˵ͨһЩζӡޡ
ΪЩԼǲҲû̫ϸĽ⣬֮ҶȴԼһ㣬Ǿӡ˵ģӿ˵ǸûпɱԵġ
ܾܿ˵ӡ岻µȵӡ֮뿪ˣһ壡
ӿҶЦŵԿ֮ȤĻҵǿԽ㼸ּʵãǿӡķ
ӵⷬҶȤΪȸ½֮УԲ࣬ޣܹѧ޵ķĻôպڴ½֮ߣӦûԼ벻İ
ж򵥣ҶЦʵ鷳ҪѧĶʵ̫ˣҩս볾ȵȣĺܼ򵥣ѧҲ޲ɣ΢ӵĻʱȲˡ
ܼ򵥣뿴ǰ
ʵȫ͸ģҲܴ·֮·ȫǿΪ۶ɵģӴҶʱ㣬ҶҲע⵽ˣ֮ϣһЩŹֵĻƣĳĳ
ڸ֮һΪͼ˳ʱ򣬾ͻķǵ֮ϣһֻҪ⸱ͼϾͻĵ⣬ҲӵеһԱˣ˵ӡûͼ
Ҷûע⣬Ŭһ£ԼɱּȾʱֱӲ壬࣬Ҳ˺·ǰûʲôơ
еĻǿ϶ˣûеĻǾˡӡ壬ûۼ£Ҳ޷ʲô̫ϸķǻ˸ŵͼķʽ
˵ͬʱؿڵЩƾȻȻ˳
ͼΪҲϢϢصģΪԽߣͼȻҲԽĿǰΪȫͼĻ֮µƷޣԶ㡣
ȻӿҶʵΪ磬֪û۳ָҲʮӡּͼ𵽵á
ȻҲһЩرޣ˵ӵʥ޻ѪЩ޶Ǳ켶ģͼǿܲãޣ⸱ͼҲЧˡ
ĽͲҶǰһȻƾһͼͿԶ
ǲֻҪͼҵ֮ϾͿˡ
һҪţκβλԣҪĻھͿϻƳ⸱ͼ
Ȼͼ֮󣬶ǷǳѧҶȻƴˣ̳½
ӿҶŵǼ£΢΢üͷü֮侹ȻһɱȻ˿ɱת˲ţҶȴˣɵһݣʵ֣·ɱߺƤƳɵ·ʲô𣿡


102 ǻʵĺ
ҶȻӻĳɱԼΪԼѪͲܶԼκ˺ֻҪŪΪʲôԼ¶ɱ⣡
ѩһЦеεգԼ๫͵֪Ϊˣ޶ǵһ㿴ģΣգĻײɱޣֻǽǸ߶ѣӿ·е㲻
Ҷû뵽˺֮侹ȻѵĹϵеΣֹϵǿ⣬Ϊµĵ൱һѡ
˺֪˺֮Ĺϵֹѣ˻ҪףǼΪİ˵־ʥѪıˣݣطµҶԻԥĳɱ
ЦЦʧ̬ˣûʲôΪƣ
ͼҪƣҪ뵽Ƥ֮£˻еʹ
ԭҶ̶ֳȵʹԼиоǵʼƵʱ֪ζȻܣҧ㣬ץӲš
Ϊ˷ɢָоҶæٴѯԼ⣺ˣ֣ӵʥѪ޲ܱΪ𣿿ʥ֮кûʥްΪʲôᱻΪޣǱ޵ĻǰôһֻƷĿħܶ򲻹أ
˳ҶҲԼ͵ʶĹ˵˳˵Լµ֮󣬺Ȼ֣ԼϵʹԼˡ
ʱȻԭȻ˵û£ʵϻеŭԼɱߣԻͼʱ
˵Լ־ֻȻʮ⣬Լ
֮ҶǿЦãӣþųжû뵽ȻҲġ
һϸĻͼһߴ޵Ļ֣˵ǵһ֣һ֣Զʱĳ֮еǿޱȵĳ֣ЩĳѾ֮ܳΪޣǳ֮ΪǲӵΣһʵǿޱȡ
еȼ֣Ϊʣ಻ͬĳ֣ԽԼĵԼ䣬̲Ѫ֮Уиǵĺһĳּܹ䣬ô˱У־ѵĸʮСֻ
ڵ壬ԶʱڣгֹһλǻʣֱΪȻֻǻʵĺ
ʣ
ǻʣ
ԭ޳Ϊ֮󣬻Ҹһɳֱ֣ʣٽԼѧͨѪȥͨȵĴзҪ߼Ķ࣬һõĻᱻޣõ
ˣ
˺һԼƷƬ̺ĵ˵ͷ
ҶҲæͷԼϵ⸱ͼԼϵģͿڱϵģȻȥûʲôͬǸоȴźܴ
ϵͼҶȥûκθоǶԼϵ⸱ڿͬʱҶԺ֮з·޷ĺ֮
лХǺз䡭
ͼɣ
ҶԼ֮˵ӵͷλڴ⸱ͼΪľҪ鹵ܹͨͼΡ
Ҷһͼ֮󣬲Ž·ۺãɲ̻¶š
ӽŵ˵ֻƷҧˣԭҲһͷǴԣܸո꺢ӣڶոսһ֮ǽ֮ľ޴Ӷǻ÷ǳ
ҶǵÿͷʱǶƤģ֮ϲûдǹǣҲڵڶǸոԼƷס
ͷԸĻ㵹ͽߣʱٽһ޽ķһ޽ɹΪͬޣҲͳΪͬĹϵΪҲܹͬߣ壬ÿ˶ӵһֻֻͬޣңܹӵһֻΪͬޣǿ飡
ӵѣҶͷʾסˣȴҲû̫ϣϾǲ̫˽ͬޣ㣬ܲٴμͷû׼أ
һϵ죬ɫѾˣʱҲˣҶͽͻѪ֮С
һᣬžҶȥ緹ҶҲûƴǡ
֮ϣ⣬ֻ㣬˼򵥵Ľ̸˼֮űЦŵҶȺǿƻһʱܻ׼ʱܳ㣬ʱҲҪæһٺ򣬲һȥ󺣰ɣ


103 ˮȪӿ
ڴ󺣣ҶֻһЩ鼮ϼɧͶڴ󺣾Ҳͳ֮飬Ȼڴ󺣾ͽߣԼҲûʲô飬ȥ󺣣ǱͷӦ
ҶҲ˽⵽Լ֮ž·ϵһЩˣǶͬƽ·һЩϵĵҲǿ˻
Ҷ飬ŷûⶣ˲͸¶ΪĿǰΪֹֻ֪ҶʵѾﵽʮӡԾǿ֪ҶĴڣҲϡ
ȥһе˵С£̫֮·ǿġ
֮Ѿ׼׵͵ǿǵĻˡ
緹֮Ҷͬ£뿪ңǰߡ
Ȼٺ򿿺Ĵ⣬Ҫӡ
ҶҲעһٺ飬ϾһӽܿĳȻӵȲҶ򣬵Ƿٳ̶ȴԶԶ
ǿռȻûʲôҲżӰϾһǹЪҵģ֮Ҳʲôˣ˶ǴŽյĶڼС
Ҷ֣ٺɲӵġȻΪ򵼣ȻҪҶһ£Ȼ˿ڲ࣬׵ĶˣƽǳУҲ֮ϣܹ㽫Щǿߣָǹȥ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷףԷģһ첻̫Զˡ
㵽ڣȻ֪ԼүүʲôԲԸȺǿȻԼԲµӦúҶйأȴ벻ŸҶΪЩȻҲõҶѯʣֻܱ
һʱ֮˺ߣһɫҶǰ
һͷıɫĺ֮ϣ˻ȣһںĴ²ϵײźߵĽʯ
һο󺣣Ҷ󺣵׳𾪣ͬʱҲ¶ϲ֮ɫΪߣԳХĳ嶯
һ΢ŵɬĳʪĿҶԼһƺ޵Ŀ
Ĵ󺣣Ĵ󺣣ѪеѪԼͥѨеȫǽȻͬĸо
ҶӣҲþȣǵһο󺣵ˣ¶ֱ飬ҶķӦˣе̲סֱУͺˮܽӴ
Ҷ֣󺣺׳۰ɣǺǣÿﲻʹʱҾͻ߿վƬ̣κη¶ʧӰˡ
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ϳ֮ɫҶȴǶһƼԼǲ֪շеˣԼȴѾ˺üǿɲʲôˣΪﵽ˼߾ߡ
ĻӦģҲ˵ڴ󺣵϶סһЩĳǡ
ҶҲûʲô£ȥΧתתʲôʱȥͽҡ
Ϊվĵطһͷ֮ϻͣż洬вٴæµţȻǶʶԶҶһˣԼȥЩȥˡ
վںߣҶкȻԾĸֳүүүү˵һ仰
֮ԶԶ󣡡
ȷͳǰƬ·ûб߼ʵĴ󺣣ҶҲ̵ܸ仰˼ˡ
ҪгһգԼҲշУǰݼһЩĳǣȷһ°
ڵҶֻҪԼͬүүշУôǰ󺣵ʵ뷨ǼΪɵģΪ֮صΣգ½ҪĶܹ࣬ǹƥҳھסںϵЩˣǵΪ֮ߣԶԶҶ
Ҷ֪Լշеһ죬żΪңԶľ룬ԼҪøԶ̤̤ʵʵĿܹϽ۳ɣ
Ҷͷð˵Ҳ֣Щʼձβ̼˫ŵӿȪѨϣȻһ֮С
Ҷﲻһѵ˵ӿȪѨҪͨˣ
ҶæԼʶ̽˫ŵĵײӿȪѨڵλã΢΢𣬲ȴҪͨס
ȻҪͨΪʲôеͣ
þ˼֮£ҶͻȻһ֣ӿȪӿȪˮȪӿͨӿȪѨĿģҪܹͨͨѨλվںˮ֮Уں˺ˮĳ֮ɲȪӿˣӦˮΣȪӿ֮ƣǷܹҴͨӿȪѨأ


104 ֮
ȻֻҶͻ룬ȴȥһ£̾ͿʼԼЬ࣬洬֮ϵ忴ҶľٶҲûֹֻЦŴҶ֣º֮󣬲Ҫߵ̫Զ
忴ҶǺһο󺣵һҪʹܽӴ뵽ҶºĿΪ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷŽֱһ齸ʯ֮ϣȻվ˺ˮ֮С
ˮ̹ǣҶʮӡʵ㺮κεӰ죬ȫû⣬רעĽʶͨͺˮĽӴܵĺˮӶȥ
ͬʶ֮¿ֲһҶǰֳһɫ硣
һƬɫûмκεɫĿ
ɫʵ̫ˣȫûоͷֻܿһɫһޱ޼ʵĴ޾Զȥ
ȻǺˮڲЩǺˮľǺˮɣ
⺣ˮڲ磬Ҷӿ޵ĳ羴ͬʱҲеԼС
Ȼһ𣬻Ǹֲ޾ĺˮʵӦԼֻڵң˵Ǻܶ鶼޷͸֪ġ
ˮԶʵҪǿĶࡣ
ҲҶʱԴһʣݵľǺˮ
ɫͺñһΪţֻҶʶܿĲ֣еԶŴϣͬǿҶŻúˮʵǼΪǿ
ףʲô
ȻҶע⵽ЩͬʱһɹɵͬһĶֻΪЩҲɫģϸͲ
ϸĹ۲һ֮Ҷ̲סȵĵ
޴ڣˮ֮ʲôȵ£Ҷе𾪵ǣˮеȻͬߵӡһġ
ˮе֮䣬ġ
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ģ
Ȼͨ˶֪޴ڣȴ˻ȥעǵβģҶ˺ˮȻܹҲһʶˣؼƺԶʧʵؼڵÿһֶҲãҲգͬʱҲ
һѭḶ́ŻԴԴ޾
ҶΪԼ뷨ӦǶԵģҲֻ㣬µ⣬ڵҪǵġ
Ȼˮ֮ҸɴӺˮ֮ŴͨӿȪѨ
뵽Ҷ·˾Ǳ˺УѾͨ߸Ѩλټϵ̿ʼԴԴϵˮе
ʵȻˮԼģǾͬƽյһҲźܶʣֻ۸޷ѣѪдΪպˮеҶ˵Ϊ˸ᴿḶ́ԷǷٶȡ
Щƺŵʪĺ뵽Ҷڣʶ֮£Ŀʼ̼ӿȪѨʱҶԵĸоµĺˮǺͺŸӦһ㣬ȻҲĴ̼ӿľͬȪӿһͣĴ̼ӿȪѨ
кĴ̼кˮȪӿ̼ȻʱҶоʲôЧȴԤУԼͻӦܹԼܿͨӿȪѨ
ںǱƬ֮ҶòԴ¶ˮ滻ϾȫֻǱʱԶһ˳ѡ
ԶʼעҶ־ٶȻ޷⣬μŵĶҶҪʲôԼҪֻܸɳš
һʱ䣬Ҷںˮ֮жȹˣȥˣȴѾˣӽϿʼԼҪˮ֮
ڳʱҶѯһ£ȺԵǿĻǲǾʹӽȥǸͷǰڵõ˿϶Ĵ֮ҶӼᶨԼļƻ
ںͨӿȪѨҲڵһʱ䷢ǿǵټһõ顣
ǵҹҶͬһֻèһȻ뿪ҵᳵ·˺ߣΪ˱ⱻ洬Ͼס֣˸ԶĵطԼʼںˮ֮ҽҦɽҲ˳
Ҧɽ˿Ҷ˹зʽʱȻҲе𾪣Ǻ̹ܿȻˣΪҦɽ˵һ仰ҶԳ˵ı׼ϲܷʲôûʲôֵģ


105 󺣷
Ҷʼְҹ˺ˮ֮УβĽ֪ʱȥ
ϣҶȻ׼ͬһȥȻûţȴһķ֮УЦŵҶкòҪȥߡ
Ҷһ㶣̶׹ʵԼÿϳȥԭŶֻ֪ûеƶѣſ˵ġȴǲס
үүʲô
ǴĺˣʵÿУûʲôӰ죬ÿµĳһʮ壬ͻرĴ󣬶Ҿòʣ֮ΣգҪȥʶһµǿԣҪվԶԶģں֮ʱǧҪºүүС㣬ɲģ
ҶԣŵⷬȻĺͲľͷ˳Ҳ֪˼Ǻ⣬ЦŴӦ֪ˣȥʶһʲôǺ
ŻаʱҪˣòȥ
ãԼȥͿˣ
ĵ㣬ǧҪº
ȵ뿪֮Ҷ̶һĴţʶ˽ĹȻе㲻ѰȾǷǳĴ󣬴ϲźˮеʹ
ԭʱӦûв˼ҳŴţǽ죬ҼһǴŽգȴǵƻͨƺڵȴźĵ
ô𣿡
Сֹһ£Ҷǵû˿η壬ӿٶȣӭǿĺ磬źȥ
ֱ˺ߣҶǰľˣͬʱҲΪʲôŻԼԼҪºˡ
ֻԶ콻ӵĵ߳޴ĺϯź棬컹ͬһƽľһĺˮʱǷһ㣬ľ಻ϵź֮ӿ
ǿĺϯ֮£ͨ˵Ļ˿̿˶ѾˣҶҲòʹ˫εڵ£ûбߡ
ҶһҦɽ֮ߡ
뵽Ҷʱǽгⲻ֮£ҦɽͱֱӾߣķӦ죬˲䲼꣬ʱסΡ
ǴҪū
ҶЦҿǺ⣬׳۵ľҲʶʶ۸
ĸߴǣ״̬ںϮ֮£Ȼվ̩ɽҶĻ¶м֮ɫǺֲû
ǵͺ;ɲҶªţѩȻпǧĵȻҲ֪Ƕǰˣû뵽ⱲӾȻۼ
ӺȻˣ
ֹͣ˵Ŀ⾼ԶȥֻԼ֮⣬ľͷ֮һߴʮףֱӺب˴ľˣͬǧһԶŰӿĳ˹ھ˵󣬾ŰĿ磬ӿ׳ƣʵ׳۵˼㣡
˵ٶȼ죬ղŻ֮⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼ˲֮ң
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ʹ죡
ǺȻȷˣ׳۵ƣȴҶжȻһɺ飬Ҫ֮һϸߵͣ
΢һԥ֮ҶȻŲźˮȥԶľͷǿĺϯ֮£γһߴʮ׵ľˡ
ҶľٶҦɽ˶һ֮󣬾Ȼ˭ҲûֹΪҲǳ棬λѪĿǰʵжǿֿܷĺ
ҶȻӿ˽ŲǴҪԿ˵ԾȻھ˵֮ǰһԾ˺Уһڼǰš
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ĴҶϣ˿һλȫ֮»壬ټǿ̶ҲԶˣȻûǻȴԴԴϵӡ֮ɢΧңûܵʲô˺
֮£ȻûպԼӿȪѨ
Ŀʼˣһһģ·ûоͷһ㣬಻ϵĴԶŰҶӭžˣȫڵڴ֮ȴǽнԶֱҦɽ˵бһСڵ㡣
ȻǿڵҲӦʮӡ۷壡
Լӵ΢Цſһ۵˵֮뺣У¾Ϊ۳ǣûȤҶһ£ܷ˳۳


106 Ϊ
ӵǵ۾һһЦðҶܣѪİӵʮӡҪ۳ԡʵͻԵأŲʮ꣬ĸж٣ҿҲҪиʱ䣬пۡ
Ȼƽеϲţ˵ȴʵʸǱܹ۳볾ߣô֮ţҲҪʱĳ;ĻۣԼʵĻԵҪľǶһָ
ȻԼʵϾǶĿ̽̽ſԾţ졣
ˣһ˵߶ʮʱ򣬲۳ʮܹ۳ģǶʾ֮ˡ
ʮ֮ǰҶʮͣҪ۳볾ģԴûгֹ
ǵķȻҦɽȴ΢΢һЦҶܣ
һ仰ͽ˵ĿⶼеϣѩЦŵҦ֣Ƿǳð
ҦɽͷһǾ仰Գ˱׼Ȼǵȷûмʮܹ۳ģֺγ˵û۵ˣȻܹӵʶģ
˼ĵ˵ͷҲ˵ԽĿͶȻں˽ϾҶ
Ҷ֮ðս뺣Уʹ֮࿹⣬һ׳۾У鶸ҲȷҪֲֽĶӻ֮£ܷԼõ۳ĲԼܹ۳
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ĺͿŰټ˻֮мŵĹŹֵļХĳ˸еĶǡ
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˵ٶȺԶԶ֮ǰľˣҶոΪеΣⲻ֮£ԭںеϸŵ΢΢һͣһȣʱŵȥ֮Ƿ·޽ľ˾ͬһɽһ㣬Ȼѹ
Ҫı˸ʵʵУҶ֪Լ˲ͻᱻѹһֽ鼱֮£Ȼһصˮ³ȥ
һ㺣ˮΪ壬ٿԼ˵ѹȥ˵ͷ½ϣԴ弸뺣еʱһ˫ȴǴӺˮ¶˳
䣡
ڼ֮ƣݺݵ
ҶֻԼ˫žǱһ޴һ㣬ɲ֮Ѿʧȥ֪ȫԼĿˣ಻ϵͷڲͣļײš
һһһ£
̶̼֮䣬ҶĽƾѾ˽ײ˲°ٴ֮ࡣ
ȻҪŬĵԼ״̬ӺվΪ˫ŵĲܿƣˮ˫ûн֮Ҷ޷ƽͬԷˮһļ򵥶˰죬˫Ȼں֮ϣž˵ϴ
Ȼ֮䣬һͷȴǴҶԺ֮и֣ȪӿˮȪӿˮ˱ҿɲȻĺ֮ûͨҵӿȪѨأ
뵽Ҷͷ½ϵĹƣ߶ڵԴԴϵӿ˫֮Уź֮ϾƺŹɵĳײ֮ʼŬĴͨӿȪѨ
֮£αҪûþһ¥κ˿ԶǼΪģ
ȻŰȻҶں˵ײ֮£ϵĸıŷ򣬵ʼգȴ˫ű¶ں֮ϡ
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ѩҡҡͷҪ汻ˣ˿϶ֱӱ뺣Уôܻỹһ˫¶ںأ
Ҧɽ۹ΪҶĽһεıײתߵʱҶ˫֮ϾȻֳһĽɫ·ĳλ˸СΣ͵Ҷڳʶʱǰ֮ϳֵһģһ
Ҧɽ鲻Խһ¶ͷ죬


107 ʦָ
Ҧɽ˵ʱҲѾҶ˫ϵĽɫ·͹İǶҲͬǼ̣ϴҶ֮ʱǲ㱻Ѫӡɶ
ҲǾҶƺʱչص״̬ĺ֮£ȻҲץסᣡ
ȹӿЦŵϣʱ䲻Ҫ̫ȻҪٴƷ걻ɵζˡ
˿ĭ´ҪúÿǿǣҪҪٴγ͸͸ˣðΣ͸磬еòʧ
ٴαͣ뽫ĿͶҶĳͬʱȻҲڰҶܹѹ
ҶȻǵΪʱѾ뵽һּΪ״̬֮У
ž˲ͣĳ˫ţԼźˮĳ𵴵壬ҶȻоһ
ܺӿȣŰǴʱ˿̣ҶƺѾȫоˡ
ƾ죬ΡȻ
ҶһƬϲޱңԼݷ˺ˣݷ˺еһˮݷɫеһźˮسظ
ģҶһεԼ֮Уɫƽޱȣ֮ϵ㷱Ҳ貣ȫ෴硣
Աߵɳ̲ϣǿԼٻҶı۾͵İݡ
ʱ˿֮Уתȴﵽ˷״̬˫ŵӿȪѨܣΧŵΪתٶȴﵽһޣӶ¿ȥȻȻǾֹһ㡣
ͬʱһһľ˲֪ƣײ˫ţײǿڽӴ˫ŵ˲䣬ͻᱻתŵϢתӦ̼ӿȪѨ
֮еҶѾȫʱţҲԼĿǰĴȫӦź˵ԶӦ
ڲ֪˶ʱ֮ҶĶͻȻͬʱ죬ͬʱɾͬСһ塣
ˣӿȪѨͨˣ
֪Ϊʲô˵ôʱŴͨѨҶӦøе˲ǣȴ˲κθ˵ͷȻޱϲ̬ʱΧĻȷʵͻȻˡ
ǰкɫк嫵ǿգȡֻ֮ȪۣȪ֮У峺Ȫˮ˳Ȫӿȴ磬ЩȪˮγ˷İɫĭˮϴӿϢС
ӿȪˮγ뾶׵СȪ
ȪۣҶ֪ԼӿȪѨ
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ŵͨӿȪѨĺôǿٶȣҴӿȪѨҲշУ⻹еѶȵģܷգҪԼˡ
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ĸֵҶССһ£ԼǰϣгһܹշУԭΪȵһ컹Ҫܾ֮󣬵û뵽ͨӿȪѨȻƺԼǰӵ
ÿͨһѨΪµͨѨԽ࣬һԽԽ飬һЩԺ֪ĺܶĴ𰸣ǲеˣǾץʱ䣬ϽͨѨλɣ
ˣԭҪһЩսģ뻹ˣΪҵսʵ̫ǿ󣬹㲻ӲսӰսѪ֮Ѻÿ˶ԼΪսǳֵ˳ҲǸΪϢϢصģԾѧɣÿ׶㶼ǡܹѧʺս
ʧˣҶȴǷһů⣬Ϊ֪֮ԻÿѨĿʵʦͽָܵ㣬Ȼ첻˵Լȴܸоĵ
ϾѨ˵ǼΪҪģܶ˽⣬ܷӳÿѨá
⣬ȻԼûѪбԼųսԼȴѾʼҦɽѧϰҩѧϰͼһȵԼ۳֮󣬾Ϳѧϰսˡ
뵽ҶͻȻоԼ֮дһʹʹ֮ǿңʶûзӦʱ䣬˲ͱʹǿӿȪѨʹķ֮ء

ԼеľҶĶ˰أʱ˿ֱһС͵ĺ󣬶Ҽֱ纣ķ档
ͬĺ죬ͬĿŰ
ֻڵеĲĺˮֻЩǽҶӺ֮вյĺ


108 ӡը
Ѩڴ֮ͨǰɲǣҪմҪ׼ݵ̰ӵ˳һӶһĴͨѨ
ͥѨ̵յʱҶոɾתʼѪе
ӿȪѨе̵ʱ򣬲ûѪе޾Ĵ֮е
Ҫ˵ʪټӵĻɫˣڶĺӿҶĵ֮󣬲ŻһͬĴһĴ
ղҶܵʹȻԴڵ֮Уʹԭǵڵʵ̫ˣѾ޷ɵĵزλӿȪѨȻڲ֪ƣ
ҪҲǹҶղŹˣȫȥԲŻһĳ֣æеѨλϾټ
ǵ֮еЩҪͷųȥҶʶĴ߶֮£Щʼ֫ٺλ
ЩľһСϪһĴӵ֮˳ȥԭ͵ĿҪըĵҲĻָȻƬ֮󣬷ȥҲѾȫĳҶ壬Ҳ˵ɵҲѾﵽ˼ޡ
Ҷ֪ԼҪľҪϽЩϽйȥȻĻҲᱻűģ
ҶȻ˫֣ŨȻγС͵˳ƴ˳ȥ
ͬʱѾͨľŸѨλټǧëҲ˿ͬ⾡ܶͷ
ͿҶ·һϲ۵ɸӣһɹɵȿֺĴɸӵӿ˳Ѹ뵽˺ˮ֮С
ԭҶΪдͨѨλĴڣɵͬҪ߳ټӿȪѨͨзյʵǼΪĿɹۡ
ͷ㱣˽ӵʱ䣬ȫɡ
ȻʱҶͻȻһ󣬾ԼڵӦѾȫͷϣϻǵеǹ͸Ҳ֮ʧĴ֮оȻһɾ޴ǳζһ̰ļԼҪ
ֲǣԼȻ޷ֹɾ޴
£յȻǵѾʧʱյľͲڵѪҺϸȵˡ
Ҷڵһ˿ոɾ֮ǹӴھȻţƺҪӴҶſëף߾ٵƺʹͨѨλ֮ѹեһЩ
ҪǲҶ֪Լ¶ҪճȥԼæŬ취ж
ͻȻžһҶĶҶֻԼڣĳֶһ㣬ͬʱһ׶Ĵ̹ǵʹҲ˲ϯȫ
ɲһʹԶԶĳҶĿǰܳܵʹļޣһĸо
ۣ
̲סſͣһѪںˮ֮УһѾʧ١
ûҶüȥԼڵĸը˿ͻȻһžĴһɾ޴ʹϮٴһѪ
ҶƢˣǿ־޴ʹ࣬ʶҵʹԴͷ֮ȻԼĵ
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ͷûðһ룬ҶѾ֪Լ뷨ǴģΪȷ˵֮Ķ
ӡ
ʮӡ
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ֽȼ֮󣬻ֽһӡȻҲϸСĻ״ڵ֮С
ӡڵ֮ϵӡô飿
ӡҶȴʲôˣֻĿţ
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촫Ҷۿ˵ӡĹ̡
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ӡը֮󣬾ͻϸСĻ״ڵ֮ɵƮƮȥ
ȻͬҲ޴ʹ࣡
ȥÿʱ䣬ͻһӡըƬ֮ʮӡѾȫĴӵʧķɻңڵ֮С
ӡըʹҶѾһֻϺѪٶ̫죬ںˮϡֳͣܳһƬɫ
ϴʹ࣬ҶƺѾоˣʶȴĶŵڵЩɻҡ
Ȼ֪ʲôг֪ν볾ǰЩڵڷķɻң񲻾ͬҳһ
Щҳܹ۳Σǲǳ
ԭԼ뺣˵Ŀ֮УͨӿȪѨҸһп۳


109 鳾֮
Ҷܹĸѯһй۳볾Ĺ̵Ļͻ֪ٵӡģҲ۳Ḷ́
鳾֮Ϊ鳾۶ɣ鳾Ҷ֮ЩͬɻһĶ
鳾һַǳĶ˵Ĳ˵Ĳûһܹ֤Լ˵ǶԵġ
ÿλ߶֪鳾ӡը֮γɵģ
Ϊʲô˵۳ԡʵͻԵأ
ȥԺʵ˵˵ԵʵӡըĻԵ
һ˭ȥ뵽Լǧ۳ӡȥը뵽ˣ˭أ
ҪԵҪһ֮£Ҫ˺һĸ֮£пܳĻԵ
Ҷˣӵʮӡ۷ʵڸղźͺ˵ĶԿ֮жĸ򣬽뵽һϲޱҵ״̬ӭ˹ؼĻԵ
Ϊڴ֮У˹ĺͷźʱȻڵĺ֮Լͬӵһĺˮ£ڵȫһգһӡ
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֪ܿ˴𰸣ΪͻȻоһɹɰٵĳԼӿˣ
ЩҲǺһЩؼҪһЩҶ֪
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֮е࣬Щɻ鳾Щ֮£Ĳ裬Ĵ£ȥ
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ܹ۳ֳܱ˵Ӱ죬ȫԶ۶ɣ̣κ˶ֻܸɵš
Ҷзɿתͷһ۳ʲôĳأ࣬Ȼ
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Ҷεĵȴ֮У鳾ӿ£ܿѾȫľۼ˵Уʼ𽥵ţȻڶӿ룬Ժܿ쵤֮еԽԽ֮ҲŨŨ׵ڱ˵ڵΡ
ҶŬǿԼʶҲ޷һǰҲ˵ֻеȵɣԼɢ֮ҶŻ֪Լ۳˺ֳ
ڵΣҶֻܽעתƵԼϡ
ԴԴϵĽ뵽еЩӲĽſ˼֣ĺǵϵƤ⡢ࡢе٣ɰĳ·΢ĸı䡣
ԭڴ󺣵ʧ٣ӡըʹҲûӰӣҶһ֮ĸо
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֪˶֮ҶͻȻоӿԼٶȿʼʼ٣вһϲӦÿҪˣæʶе˵֮УŹȻɢ˼ͺ棬Լĳʲô
ڣе׵ɢеҲҶǰҶĳѾ۳ɹ
ҶԼĳ֮󣬲Ŀɿڴ˲ס


110 
һƬޱߵĹɫ
ͬҶеһμǸһޱ޼ȴƽ˾
Լ۵ĳȻһƬ󺣣
ҶԼǲۻˣԼڿӦ磬Լĵ֮С
ҶûлۣΪʶڿ֮еʮӡѾʧ٣ԭտҲĵҲĵȷȷǱһƬ
˵Ҳ֣Ҷڳ۳ɹһ̣֮еĴҲָƽǰӿȵĺѾϢȥ˵ҶӴ֮ðʱ̲סֿʼԼǲǵĺ򣬺ڰϻĸȴꡣ
Ҷĳ֣ĸͬʱĵĳһҶʱ䲢ʱƻкܳһʱ䡣
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ȻҲǿڵأֻǻе޷ţ̲סŵ갡
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ǵıǿ֮Ụ֮̃ɫ˵ıҲòȥ
ҡҡͷʮ۳ֱ飬Ҫ֪ˣƶȥˡ
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Ҷûע⵽˶Դ̬ȱ֮ǰԷת䣬˵ǰΪҶǫѷʵϣǿΪūĻôȫΪ𾴣ĸԸҶΪˡ
ͬ˵ʮ۳ôպǰĳ
ԼǱҶҪ㣬Ǽʱգ̫õʱ䣬Ҳһ֮ҶʵҪ֮ˣ
Ҷֱӵ˵˭ĳǴ󺣵𣿡
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ĸգգ۾ȻҶҪ˼˵ʵһʱ֮Ǹ޷ܡ
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ҲͷȷҲǼʶˣû˵Ǵ󺣵ġ
˵ʵ̫ҪˣͬĳҲעߵĲ֮ͬ·
Ǵ󺣳Ҫߵ֮·ʲôأҶһͷûУԲŻеɻͿա
¾Ϊղڴ֮۳˳ԳŻǴ󺣡
Ҧɽԥŵ󺣳û˵Ҳ˾ɥ󺣳ٿԿ϶һ㣬ˮԵģԺУҪˮԵĹսΪűȻܹһҵġ
Ҳοܳʲô࣬۳úܶĽˣΪߣӡʵҪ߳ʮֹȸһ³ӡߵĲͬɣ
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Ҷ΢΢һ㶾ǵĵģЦҡҡͷҲãǾǻȥ
ĸ˶Ѫ֮ҶſʼʶϸĿԼڲ
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Ƭ̣Ҷжúøһ³Ϊı仯
ҶվɣԼĵѨλʼ֮
ʱΧȿֺӿ˲Ϣ֮䣬ھѾȫ⣬ֳʵĸоҶޱȵ˷ܡ
˽һ֮ҶоԼڵѾﵽ˱͵״̬ǶȻ췢һХûʹκεսƽƽĽ˫֮м
һһ˺ϱϸţֱӳǰĴ󺣣
䣡
ԭѾƽ˾ĺ棬ŵĹ֮߳£һ˳𣬶֮ӲҿһֱӴﵽʮ׵˶յش㱣ʮ֮Χĺˮµ룬ƽӶ
Ȼʮ౶ֹˣԿҵٶȣӿȪѨѾͨٶȵжأ
Ҷ˫֮ϹӱͨӿȪѨмײ棬ȻֱӴҶǰϷббԾȥʮԶ
ڴʱԶĺ֮ϾȻһӰ˫Ųˮ֮ϣƽذ㣬Ű߿񱼶


111 ȷ
Ӱܿ˰ϣźˮķ⣬Կһλʮ󺺣Ը̬һ˫۾֮о䡣
ϵʱҶѾĴıȥʮ׵ľ룬ҶıӰüͷ΢΢šÿٶȣȻǳĸ֣ѵ۳˳УҵŪ
ǴҲ񱼣Ҷ󣬼׷ȥ
ҶоԼĽ¾ǰ޴ĵһô˫ֻҪһ㣬˾ͻԾȥʮԶ
Ϊ˷֮£Ҳ˾裬ԹԵķЦ˫ţԶɿ˳ȥȻҲûви˸š
ıܣҶֻӿȪѨײ֮ӶԼȥһּΪ򵥵ڵǰʽ
ͲַʽˣϾǰʽʵûʲôۿԣӲɬ㿪ʼڱܵĹиΪоתʽԼӿȪѨ֮ȽǶȡ
ҶϵĵǰٶԽԽ죬ҲԽԽÿ󣬼ֱͬһһǽŲմصضУһֻҹʳɽèֻоһ׷̧ͷȴʲôûп¶ɻ֮ɫҡҡͷѰԼʳ
ʼոҶλ󺺣ȻѾʹȫȴεķԼҶ֮ľԽԽԶֱȫʧȥҶӰŲòͣ¶һ˿֮ɫλֵľӦñһҪǿϼ֣˸ˣ򲻿ɴ
˶٣ֵٺ֮⣬ûκεˣҲٻˣӦҵˣ㲻ǣ϶ҲѲ˸ϵȥʣ
ҶҲ֪Լܳ˶ԶΪоۣȻӵеĿֲŷֲĹϵ
˵ڵΪһ٣ôҶƾѾͨľŸѨλӣ㲻ѨͨѨλķֱҲﵽ˾Ű٣߳ͬ磬Ҳһسߵľű֮ࡣ
֮⣬һıܺͶӿȪѨĿƣҲҶԼеħ˵ģӿȪѨԼշе˼
ӿȪѨӿȻܹͬһԼʮ׵ĸ߶ȣֻҪܹƵĵպͿ֮ϣӦÿԼշУ
ʱɫѾԱߵũ֮Ҳ½ũҶΪ˱⾪ףҲòͣ˽ŲͻȻٺ򸽽ûũЩũô£
Ҷæ̧ͷԶȻǰӰӰ´ºһЩӰӡ
ﲻһѲɾһҹĿ񱼣ԼѾ˾ٺĺϳǣ
ٺ뺣ϳǴԼǧ๫ԶǧҲҲܵԼȻһҹʱǧ๫·̣
ʵҲûһҹȥʱѾˣҪĻҶܵʱҲʱң
Ϊ֤Լ뷨Ҷһλũѯһ£ȻǰǺϳǣ
Ҷ̲סЦڵũ򶼲ĿǸүĹӸΪʲô﷢Ц
һʱһǧԼڵٶȣҶǷǳˣ
Ȼȥ￴ΪЩʱҶȻֻܴͷٺķ֮תٺȥ
ȥ·ϣҶͻȻ뵽һ⣬ԼĿǰѾͨ˾ŸѨλ˾˿Ѩô˵ӦÿٴοѪ֮ͨųѪеˣΪʲôȴûж
ҶⳢһȥӦѪѪû˿ҶֻΪӦԽ󣬿ѪҪѨԽ࣬ǰ˿ѨԺ¾Ҫ˿˿֮ˡ
ҶûзϣٴοѪųҲЩ˵꣬źҲûʲô
Ҷֻʱҵʱ䣬ٺ򣬶ոսţ˽ŲҲ̷˲Ծ
е˼ңͬϳʱһɴŽգ֮ϸǿյģһ˶
ǺҪҼһԴģں͹ȥˣΪʲôЩ˻
ҶһѵǺǻˣ
뷨һðҶʱͼˣôɰɣԼո뿪ٺЩͻˣ
붼ҶҲ˲Ͼˣ㣬գۼѾҵĴţʱųſһӰͣתţ塣
֣
ͻȻһǰҶʱʱ˫۷һѾסҶĸ첲ƴѹҶ֣ˣ
һӾ֪϶·Ҷæ׷ʵʲôˣ
ЩǿǵȷѾˣ˿үڴүҳ㣬һȦûҵˣҿˣҶ֣ô죿


112 Ŀֲ
һֻǿȷ飬ҶʼŵڷҲԼļʱҪһȵǿǷĽͬѾɱˣԻչı
ǻˣ첻кôķˣôܻ
ΪĴײϽʯˣֻʣһСܵһϱѣȻȵȥ֮ȷɴȥǣȱ˵ˣҶ֣үӵأ
ĽţΪȻŽ·ȸǰҪǿŸˣʵڲ֪үĵʱ͸Һǿ⡣
ĽҶ࣬ȻֻʮӡҲЩǿ˵Ѿǳĸˣ֮Ĳ֮ӡǰֱһ
Ҷ˵ͷãҾȥϽȥ׼ֻɣһȥǡ
仰֮Ҷתͷȥȴԭأһʱ֮ûзӦ
ҶȻҪȥӺǣѵ˵үǽҵϣϣ
ҡҡͷʵǲ֪ҶжҲ֪үôģֻӡΨһľүӵĻܹƽȹһ٣
Ҷ󲽵ߵ˴֮ϣ˵Ŀ̶еϡ
⣬ϻĸˣȻǳСȵǿȷˡ
ĸǰԲһֱ࣬ǿȴͷԼ򵥵ļһΪǿҶʱһףӦСͷĿˣ¶˺֮ɫĿҶһۺ󣬱תŵͷ˭ĺܣңҲٺϵ˰ɣ
ٺϵ˿Ȼ࣬ҲнǧˣһﾹȻܹһۿҶˣ˵Ĺ۲ͼȷʵ
ſҶ˿ͬʱҲԼýҶҶȣһЩ仯Լ˵ֱ仯ģæЦŵҵһλԶݣģǰյøһ¡
Ҷĸˣһ˿ײϲɫ
Ϊһֵ󣬾ǸղԼʱҪ֪ǵĴʵҲԾľͶʶ
ǰҶʶǲģǹ۲κζڲҪнӴУڣͷðʶȻƮƮȥֱԼǰֳǸСͷĿڵ֮еߵӡ
Ҳ˵Ҷо볾֮ʶҲһĵõﵽʶĳ̶ȣȻľ뻹ܵƣϾһǶҩʵ̫аˡ
ܹʶ֮⣬ҶܹͨǸؽڵ״ԲСƵʣжϳӦͬһֹԼƽʹõıȵ
ܷͨô໻ǰǾԷֲ˵Ķǳֲֿĵط
ĸгСͷĿӡ֮⣬˶ֻӡһģȻǿеĸֲûл
λǳ֣λǡ
ؽһǸСͷĿҶҲЦеĳ˵˵ͷ
ĶҶһ֮ҲͲٿȻɲҶҵʲôԶݣǲҶ˭ֻһʮСӶѣǽĿ˻¿ŵͷϽ˵ҽĸأ
ĸȻǸҶסȻֵܶɱĽͬˡ
תͷһҶ΢Цһͷʱ˵ϵЦĵͬ͵һطȥˡ
ɫı仯ٿȻվбʲôط
ٴЦˣֻЦ֮дһɺżǺܿҲȥǸطͽͬžˣ
Ӧ죬һ⻰֪鲻ԣһͬˣȥģʲôˣӻУ
ʼŵߣΪӱʣſԼɱ˽ͬˣȻҶǰ׳˵ٴᵽԼĶӣв⻹е㵣ģ̲סתͷ͵͵Ҷһۡ
Ҷʱ𵶵֮ϣиոһ裬ͷ׼ȣȻûпŵĿ⣬֪ƵģĴһڱеĲĩĵֻҪλû£ұ֤ǾͲ¡
˵֮Ҷźһڲ裡
֪ΪʲôȻҶ˵赭дҶ֤еĹ˼ľһɨգҶӦ˵ڵҶԼ֪ðǿҵģ
תͷѾֺ˪ɱڵĵҾȥĽĸžۣ


113 
ŵĿҶΪɵҲóλӡ峤ΨҶʮĺհ
ѵ˵ӵʵȻŻҪߣ
ҲֿܣҲѸ뵽һֿܣǾſ϶ɷȣҶӦþĳɵүɵİŲŻ˵
ʱ򣬴ɱѾ󲽵ߵ˵ǰ𿴸ղڣֻӡĸͬʱ֣ҲǾӡŵĶ֣æʹţţл˵
Ѿ˺ܾˣںò˸ԷйĻᣬ׷ŹվһΪѾޱߵɱɢ˳ȥվͬһɱһĿų˵
ھ޴ʵǰﻹиղŵţҵĵӱǵĴι˶ҩÿһνҩֻ֪ҩƷҪɱңܾȻĶӣʱĶӿ϶ҲΪûнҩ
ⷬʱסˣҲͬйƤһû˰ơ
Ȼ֪˵Ǽ٣ɲԼӵЦУޣ
ŵı仯֪ԼǱסˣ˲ת˾ƣԼ˵ˡ
һЦţҪӻĻԶһֱۣǸղðҵĴۣȻĻ͵ĿĶǰɣ
Ļ䣬ͻȻǰһžҽдԼ𣬼æѭȥȻԼͬ飬ʱѾڵϣÿ˵С֮϶һָͷС˿ڣðѪ
Ȼ˻ûǵѾ׵ķϵӴ֮Ҳͱˡ
˭
һָո˵ڣĻȻֹΪͻȻԼϱһɿֲľ޴ѹ֣˵˵ˣʼѣ˫ȸͬһͣĲţʱ˿̣ǰվλҶĹӸ磡
Ҷûκεı飬˫֮ȴ˸˲ֱӵľ⣬Ŀų˵ҩ㲻Ȼǣ
˿ֲѹ뵽˲䱻ϵͬ飬ʱ򣬳ˣԭԼǴĿˣҶˣҲȷʵĳɵүʵȴǸߵ޷ŵĵز
ҲסˣӡΪûпеģֻǼˣǴ˿ҶɢҲֿĻ̲סҪɳֵǲҶˣ
ȻҶϵģǲֵģǳĻȴ伤ɱԭܼ򵥣ǳԶҩ˵ķʽ
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ҶֵʵҪϵӡߵĵʵ̫ˣٶȺͺ޳֣ҪźͳܿĶǲйأ
޷ֿҶɢĿֲƣ˫һҪԵڵأȻȴꡱ죬СȹǾȻֱӶϵȴȻվŵ̬ûеȥ
ҶɢѹѾȫĸסˣ¾ͷȫҲȻᱣվơ
ڳҶǾ仰˼ˣǰٷ֮ٵţҶĿԼǣ
ҲԼ˵ҩˣ˵ĻٻһҧأȹǶѵľ޴ʹ࣬Ӳǲ˵
꣡
𣬳ĴȹҲѾϵɫ԰ף죬˾Ǵˮðһǲ·ϵĺ飬ϵĺ飬ȴܵѹӰ죬޷䵽棡
ڣżþем֣Ҷ
ҶתͷĿһۣһۣʱһ׹һ嶼΢΢ĿʼаеⲻܣʮӡĸԼûм˭Ҳӵ˿ֲƣѵ˵ѵ˵ҶʵΪѾǡ
Ȼ뵽ˣȴ룬ΪʵźͽܣһʮĺӣȻѾǳĸ֣⣬ôܣ
Ҷڿһ֮ԼеĺȥΧεѹҲʱ֮ʧ
ͨһڵ˵ϣͬʱ̷Ҿ徵İ֮Ƿˣ
ųĲҽУеĻţҶʶԼղеˣǸһЦүү˼еżˡ
û£û£֣ȻԼ뷨ҹҶæ֧֧ĵҶҶǰ
ŶԼĳƺҶüͷһүү㺰ʲô


114 ӭǿ
߼ûͳ׵ֻ֣оߵ͵ĲͬԼʵǿģȶԷĶ࣬ҲͬҪƶԷ֮ʼֱҶ֣ΪźҶԪֵܹϵȴûеֱҶˡ
еΣȷʵ֪óƺҶΪʲôҶϽүү㻹ֱӽҵְɣ
ðɣҶʱһɣһҲҩ
ҶŵⷬʱԿԸо֮дһֺֻ̿Се㲻ϰߣҲ֪ǳӡ֮𣬶ӡ˵ĸ֣ǾǸ߸ϵĴڣ
˵ͷҶ֪ˣȻ˫ȷˣǻ˽̧ȥȹǽǿ֮ٱʽҩɣ
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׼ˣʲôʱ
ſҶȻѯȻǾȲˣҶЦŵǾڳɡ
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ҶڣŸ׼ˣֻһЩǿ׳˳䵱ȻʣˣԴҶһûС
һ˺ߣֻѾ׼ˣһҺܴĿʹڴ֮ǰҶȻûԴʱе档
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ŵĻҶһ˿δǸʲô
˶﷫𺽣ֻĿʼƶʻ밶ߣ޾Ĵжȥ
վڴͷ֮ϣƾ紵ϣһֻڸһҶоǳ⣬ҪǣֻѾаʱ֮ãȻûδĸо
ŰźһоҶߣЦŵоô
У벻Ǿ죬ֲĺ֮ƺҪ½ظûһǽ쾹Ȼַƽ˾ʲôûз󺣻棡
ҶԵķиţŹһЦ󺣾Ī⣬ʱߴСһŭͱ˿񱩵ľˣʵ˵Ȼ֮ǿҲ޷Ȼ֮޷Կ
ⷬҶ˼һԼĵͬһƬƽ˾ɫ󺣣һ޼ʡ
һ죬Ҳŭ᲻ͬɿ񱩵ľˣ֮£Ϊ˵Լֻᷢʲôı仯ͷųǿأ
ո̤볾ҶڳһжʮİģҲżΪĿǰΪԼµĿѾʵ֣еʱ̽
ͬʱҲʼƻ뿪ٺ֮飬ȥīǵżңԼҪĳȻǻؼʼͬжд̵ּңʱüĻȥȪ·ԼĸףĻǾȥڲμǵǸѡΣүүԸ
֮Ҷ֪ԼԺæµжȹæµԸģΪҪһֻ֮ܣҪڣΪ磬δ˵Ŀܵȴȥȥ̽
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Ҷһ߿ԶĺһʵǴŻжˣ
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Ҷһᴬ֮Ҷ˾ȥȻôʱ뿪ǽȺǿ֮ôǣ𣿡
ŵȻΪҵ˿ǣֻЩǿȻͲв˴ϵˡ
飬ҶҲ޳ɵġ
ڣĳ˵ǰѾԿϵȷвˣҲ˴󴬣ת沢ƴĻ֡
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ãҶ˵ͷ֪ˣһȥ
ת֮䣬˰ߣͣǴ岢ûзֻҶֱӴӴˮУµ·ȫʪ͸ȴûзһߵ˰ϣվǿİΧ֮С


115 
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ֻҶȻԶҶ˹˹ֵλ壬ҶҶҶүүǰǵġ
ŵȻһǰӡһӡӡеĸˣ˵Ƕʳ˶ҩǿǸǻߣû˿ǡ
ʱҶĻ˶һۣӶԷпһ˿Цõ飬ҲԹԼĸףݵĳϷ
ԼˣôҲɸģɣһʮСһʲô£
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̤Ϻ̲ͬʱ˶ûע⵽Ҷµ·ѾϢĸ͸ˡ
ʱǿڷӦ˹иԷ֮ѸٵĽ˰ΧһʯͷŵһҲվҶ˹
ԼѮһϮۣɫľһλһʵȺǿͷ죬ʮӡĸࡣ
ڴ֮Ͽ࣬κ˶ܽǿϵһ
ߵҶԶĵطͣɫƽĿҶȴ¶һ˿֮ɫ
΢΢һЦ࿪ʵСӣ˭
Ҷ
ҶҶʲôϵΪʲôҪΪҳͷɫ򶨵ʵ
ҶҺѣҶȻҪˡ
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ҶĻشǵΧǿͬʱһЦ֮ΪҶʵе̫ˡ
һŵСһò·ƽεɣҺú°

һΪĺЦ
ߵһͬ˷һֺ̲ס磬αظôϻҽɣ
˵ЦҶƺûһʶɨ˶ԷһۣӡӦþȺǿ֮ʵǶ֮һˡ
ӵȴ˳ûͬ⣬ⲻе֣ôˣôһСƨʲôģ
ܹ֮ΪȺǿϴ󣬳Ϊ֮⣬ҲǷǳģҶĳûзϣǶҶԱŵɫȴɻ
ſҵ峤ٺʵۣӡĸ֣ȻȴһһҶ˵Լһԣʵеɡ
Ȼûпô̲࣬סٴδߴһ飬Ҳڵͷãлͳǳĵ㡣
лٴеֵĿϴһۣԼֲȥԸţֻȥԸһСƨԼҲǾӡʵҪ
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ת֮䣬лѾߵҶǰѿ͵СһһֽĹӸ磬żɵǲǾ;ǵ㱾ͿԺˣ죬лүүҳúýѵһ٣
лĻҶЦ
Ҳ֮ǰԼе㽿֮ԼһֱŬڹӸĳƺԼ֮
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ĵȴƬ֮󣬡ꡱͷѵĴ촫žһĲҺ
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116 ּ
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ֻӡ߶ӦѾǳҶǰ
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ŷۿзĲҺӴͬһʯһ˳ȥһֱɳȥʮ׵ľ֮صˤ˵ϣұѾ׵ϸߣҲǲ˾֮ɫ
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һȺ϶֣Ľ˵𣿶̣ȻҲȤ֮ˡ
ͬҶҲˣΪʲôЩ˳ĸǣӡ˻ôƲ𣬻ôĲΪʵĲ̫ˣ
ٴվ˳ߵҶǰ
ʱ˿еҶһʮ꣬ͻȻ֮һɽһ߲ʣֻĸɽ
ɽǰԼͬһֻһ΢
ԼʹҶֻҪһ󣬾׵Լǣ
൱ǿҲмͷȻòʵȴǸɱ˲գ۵ĺݽɫǿУûк¹ڣѾһɾ⣬һŨҵ̲סҪͷܣҶԽԶԽõľ⡣
ָовǵһγ֣ǵڶΣ
һγ꣬ɱһ˺ǰͻȻֵλ߶ʱﷺľ⣡
λߺʦ֪ʦһλĸ֣
Ҷǰٴεᵽʲôк£ҲԼʶ˺ܾܿͬԼʦһġ
ǣ޷ţԼʦѾ꣬ǰҶʮ꣬ôܻͬһأ
˿Ŭסĵľ⣬ĽԼ䣬һġ
žһгһһȴ˸ųȹâͨɫı
Ҷ۾Ȼһѿڶ
΢΢һЦ
λʮӡ˾ȻӵһʵҶղĵȤʱȻһɨա
Ϊ֪԰һ˴ȵʵôӵгʮӡ࣬᲻Լһ㾪ϲأ
ҶӿһȤȻתŵүү鷳Զ㡣
ĿһеǱͷҶġ
˵֮ûкˣ̼㴩еǿԼӵߡ
۷ϵֻ첲л˸ȭͷûλӡֵвǿš
ʱҶָԳˣ


117 潣
ಢûż֣ǻһеǱΪ棬һƷ
Ҷޱ飬ȴ֣ôúõʱԼֺƷף
˶٣ŵҽ͸㣬ԴΪҺֵǵɲԣ
һ˶Ϊ֮ȻȻҶҲ̲ס΢΢ü
˭Ҳû뵽óԼıΪ˺Ҷ֣˵
ǿǶסˣΪǵУԼϴս޲ʤģǵǿУҲûӲ֣ʮӡĸ֣ϴĴ£ȻܹоյĻΪġ
Ȼ죬ҶˣྐྵȻ򶼲򣬾͸ԸԼıȡ˵İΣ
Ȼһϴʲô˼첻ǽԴڿϵģǼȻԸ⵱ǿûһģԲԣ
ĻһƬȴҲһ˲ûлӦоͰλлڡ
ǵȻ뵽Ϊ֮ǰ˶ӡģԵҶȴǳĸ֡
ӡȥսˣǵҶʱԷҲǽΪѹ˰ػӡ֮ϣҶȻƾšƶŽһʤȲʲôҶҲѹԼΪԽԶ
ҪҶԼһ˿øУΪٿ֤ԷǼΪġ
Ϊ˱ԼֵǵİȫϧԼӵеĳ
һƷڳ˵ҲǼֵˡ
һ̣Ҷﻹһ˿ԥԶȴҡͷ¶ɫɲĻҶӦˣĽˣ˭ұ֤պ󲻻ɱٺ򣬵ʱԼҪһˣ
Ҳҿ˵ΪҲ֪ҪԣҲòһȥҶֻܾĵĵȴš
Ҷƺе㶯ˣΪ˱Լĳ⣬ǽתҶ㲻ҵĻȽȥ
жԼҶʾûжĵݽķʽ˵Ǳĳ⡣
Ҷ쵽ԼǰĽ˼ԼĺȱһȻ˵īǵżҴӦԼƣҲ֪ռȫûУԼھܹõ潣ʡԼĲ鷳
Ҷ̲סȥ˽֮ϡ
ȻʱͻȻһ⣬ͬʱԴԴϵ˳нŵĽӿȥѸٵĴ˽֮ϡ
潣Ľ֮϶ȻһŻ棬ҶŽ֮Ҳðܻ⣡
ԭѹûҪ潣ȡԼ˵ֻһıѣٽԼĳû͵Ϯ
ӡΪʵ޷κλģΪûлԵĳȻ޷Ϊ𣬲潣ΪǻԵģҿԽ뽣еֱתΪ汬
ǳĺôûгˣݳԣӳӡ˵Ĺʽ
ȻԸԼҶʵƲ⣬ȴ֪ԼĸоԲдŵͷѪӵϹԹ־ܣζҪһټҲܲ³Ҷǳĸ֣϶ҲǸո볾绹ûȹ̣Ըɴ潣Ļ
ĸҲľǽղ֮ˣֻʵȷӡҪϲ٣ǶڳĻ棬Ͳһֿܹˡ
˵ֻҪˣϵҶһֻ֣ôͶһʤϣ
̴ǷǳĺãҲĳɹʵʩˣ潣֮ϵĻѾҶƸεİͬʱȻŻ֮УһϹ⣬Ϲ󣬻澹ȻϨˣ
ҶȻȵס˽֮ȴǺˣ˿ϴһ˿Ц
ʱ͸оԼŽеͻȻһɾ޴Լû˿˾ֱӱ˳ȥ
Ȼ潣ҲѾɹĵҶС
ս֣Ҷûٿ࣬ԹԵĴͬʱͷȻһƷҲǲˡ
࣬лˣҾͲˣ
Ҷѧӣ潣һʱһϡ
ʱ粻Ҳû뵽һԼ͵ɷʴף͵Ϯû˵Ҷ˹ȥ
վֱ壬ĵΪʲô»𣿡
»𣿡Ҷϴŵ٩ЦݣȻ̯ƣ̴֮ܳһϺɫ磺˵һ»𣿡


118 ֻǿʼ
ΪļʮƷ潣еĻĻ棬ֻͼһƷ棬Ҷӵеȴ鼶ټҶϵϵ鼶Ļ棬ǵ޷˵Ҷᱻֱɵ
ˣļƻȻǴҲ뵽Ҷһû۳֮ǰӵˣ
ȻڳЩ˸ôΪǿҶðɫ棬󲿷֪ô£Ϊǵʵ̫֪ͣǵУʮӡˡ
Щ֪ڵˣȴΪҶĳɫĻ棬Ȼ»ˡ
ԭҶҪŹˣڼʶ֮ȴԼ̫ᣬܶĶǺܼ򵥣Ѿ¶˾ģڳЩǿǣһܲˡ
ˣ͵ˣҿǲǵΪȫҪϵ
ҶĻ£ǰͻȻʧȥҶӰȴͬʱһ֮ۡĲҽ֮
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û˿ҶγֵģҶƶʱӰӶûпٶʵȻǲ֪һֽƶ
ʧȥ˻ΪЩǿ˵ɱǻҪܣһ϶¶֮ɫ趸ȻһӵһԾ𣬽ŲĵĳҶзŭĵӺƴˣ
ʱЩǿӵȷеңҶеĲ̣뵽ÿһ˵϶Ѫ죬ۣݲȻҲ֮嵭˲١
ҶҲֻۣǶŵͷʾ⣬䣬ױܿĹ
ȴ¶ɫȭͷžԼһǿݺһȭ˹ȥ
ǿԴͬһҵĿ˻һغ
ŵľٶҶܹ⣬£Ϊ峤ôʱѹȣͳŭ޲ýеǿȫɱ
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һȻԾŭ𣬲ҶĻȴҲֻܺ޺޵ı߱߿ǿҶߡ
׼תǴʱͬΪȴͻȻһЦͬʱתͷ
ϲԹ֮ɫĵҶҶΪ¾𣿸㣬ֻǿʼ
ͬʱϵô˵ΪҶûʲô߸ˣޱĵ˵λڵĶҩ𣿷ģźúõģƳҩġ
ȴ˵ԾɴһԹ޺ЦضҶʵǿļ̲סҶɱɣնݲպû׼鷳
Ҷ΢һȴҡҡͷ˰ɣܴƽ뿪ʲôǵ鷳߰ɣ
ҶϾʮ꣬ȻԸΪѪ壬Ҳͬȥɱôˣ²ġ
ҶľŻ˵ĳԪȴĵһʹ˸ɫҲ˲׹ĵһͷ
ȻҶ治֣ܶȺǿûΪҲӲߣȻȥ֮ٱҶ͵͵۷ɱЩˣ
Ӷ˵ĶᣬҶûз֣ǿ֮ȴм˿ˣǾһͻȻߺһȵȣлҪ˵
ѭȥ˵ǵһҶ֣Ȼȭͷл
ʲôҪ˵Ҷüͷ΢΢ʵ
лӵҶߵ֪໰˼ֻҪǴ뿪ҽҰȫߣҾ͸ǣ
ƿڴл˵ʲôأѵ뱳ϴ㿴Ҳ㣡
ҶڣѾЦŵΪڻʸ̸𣿡
лתͷһۣöͬǰŵüæת˻λʦʦ֪˽֮£˭ҲֻҪǿϴߣҾа취ʦǵ鷳
ⷬŵȻһ𣬼æҶȴҶʱóĿ⿴лĵѵΪһʦɣ
㲻£ҵѵҲǰ˵ҶҲһֱҰɣһ֮ʦˣҰٺ£ûһܻ
Ų˵ˣҶҶڻһΧЩǿ֮̾˿үүԼŰɣҲ֪ˣ
仰֮ҶһѾ߸ԾڿУͬһֻһ̬Ϊ˫ڿ̤£ȻѾֱʮ׿Ĵֻļװ֮ϣ
ſһۣͬʱ˵ͷӿбĳһ֣ɱ


119 ڸ
ֻٴ𺽻عٺ򣬶ҶԴ̤ϴ֮󣬾ڴͷ֮ϣԶĺ콻紦һԲ
Ȼղ˺֮ϵһ֮ǰĲҽȻȻܹһͨ亣ֻ֮װû
лĻ˵ĺܶԣԼǲʦˣٺȴܲ£ԼҲԶĴﱣǣҪ벻ʦ֪ͽð취ɱڣնݳʬ𼣣
ֻҶ²֣Ըɴ۲ΪѾɱĵҸˣչһɱ
ͬĵлڣǿȫɱȻģټ´ÿʬϰϴʯͷϴֻȵʻ֮ٽʬͳͳ뺣
ʦͨҲ֪ԼͽҶ֣֮ȻҲͲĵ֮С
ʵҶõǼһƷ潣ʦܻܿϳҶ⣬ǣңҵȻᣬҲȥԤˡ
ǽеʬ嶼ɾװϵѪҲˢˣҪľǻȥ֮󣬴ӳĿбʳҩȻ´ˡ
ŴԼӣҶǰ
ԪԪͻȻ˫˫ҶǰҶȻûмʱסǣǷӦȴʮѸ٣һѾվһԵλ壬ʲô
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Ǹǿүүˣ

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ҶüͷҲšǰҲһ˿ɱ⣡
ߵǿȻǸҶ°ͬʱҲܹԪֵܶڶҩĳˣ
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ֵүүУһ£Ƹ˰ݼǸ˺żӡ
Ƹ󣬾ƿźϳǵɣΪٺͺϳԶԺƸ󼸺ңȻʱ򣬺ƸͻȻˣⲻ¶ɻ֮ɫʱΪʲô


120 Ƹ
Ȼôıʣһ󣬺ܿǿԼ
ȥ׷𣿡
æͷѾʮˣֱ·ȥ׷ˡ
°ѾзϣҲ϶ܲԶģãţһϢ֪ͨңҽȥƸˡ˵תԼӵԪ죬Ԫ꣬Ƿģһ취֮ġ
ҶǸһȥȻȥϢ
ȻѯҶҶҾʱˣҲתתܲҵǸɣϾҵٶȱ΢㡣
һ⻰ǼѣȻ֪Ҷٶȱ˺ֹǿ㣬ԸȥæѰҵĻҵĸʿɾʹ˺ܶˡ
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û£Ҳۣˣ
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ʵҶΪԼܹ˸лҵֻʵǲóֽʵĳϣ粻ΪԲ˸뿪
ҶıӰȵһμʶ˲ĿɿڴԪĽĿʵҶֶǳĸ˰
صĵһͷӹɣȵ³׽̶֮ȥҶңݻһҶϸ磬ͬʱպǺҶ֮ǿ㣬ҲҪǶ׬㣡
ҶҶһλ˵ȸ½ʷĳ֣պķչ޷ģôҪľǾֺܵҶңҵ꣬û׼ܵõһЩ벻ĺô
ˣǽȥɣúƸ˾õˣ
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ҪˣȻҶ
ֻû뵽ǣҶȻϵĺ֮УͻƵ˳
ҸеȵģɾȻû׷ҶҪ֪볾мʮʱˡ
λǰ֪˭𣿡
ЦЦ뽯ǰӦһλ֮ɣ
֮󣿡ƺԲ仰˼
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ƺ֮󣬲겻ѣȻվ֣µĵǵˣû뵽Ȼǿٺ򣬲ģλȥ֮̾ͻʦɳ󣬾Բٷ
궼ҪƸϹôƸȻűҵԸƺŻ˵ⷬ
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˿һ֮󣬸ƺ̽ʵǲ֪λǰںδܷһ


121 𽣾
˼ո뿪ȥ׷һߵǿӦúܿͿԻˣ
ƺĿľҪҶһڣȻ뿪΢΢һЦֻڹ󸮶߶һᣬˡ

ҶʱѾھٺǧ֮ԶĴɽ֮ˣѾļٺͨĵ·ѲˣҲҵˣȴûп
Ʋһ£·˳Ӧø˴뿪ģĿܾǴӺˣȻĻƾԼٶȣ߰죬Լôһͨ׷ϣҲܹ˿ˡ
ҲһԪֵ֮ܶⲻǳһȥǸʦöԷǰĻֽҺٺ֣֮
ԼҲһֱңҶзƲѣʵ벻ȫİ취
һʯ֮ϣҶȻǱ潣һĽڿжñֱ
ǳɸտᣬ쳣ҾȻĴ߶֮·棬ѹô˶Ҫأ
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ȻҶǵԼүү˵սúԼͺϣ˵ĳһƬ󺣣ˮԵģǲʺ׻ԵսģҶھһոյõߵСﻹЩ
𽣾ܹУǰҶûһΪʲô˵սˣΪУ򵥵һУҪĵҲǾ˵ġ
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ȻսȴҪתҾһ·ߣͷų
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ĬĬĽսеʩչ֮Ҷԥľ̿ʼɽ֣õĻ˽롣
һʼҶҲսʱ֮ת·ʵ̫ӣõһʽǻԭ˵ھȻҪתҪǣսʩչһǳɣм䲻˿ͣ٣ѾתȻǹһ
ͥѨĴͨҶӿϣټԶͬߣھʮεĳ֮ڳɹ˵һʽ
ͬ󽭾һ㣬ӿӿ潣Уʱ֮Ϸȵĺ⣬ȼһŨҵĻ棬ǰȼĻ棬¶ȣǸʮֹ
Ҷ籡Ȼ˽ͬһڿնڿаһ֮󣬺Ȼըٴλ棬׷ܡ
ʱҶڵɽܱһƬ𺣣
ҶԼһΪһеʵǴ󳬳μæӿʼѸЩȼյĻ棬ɻȼȥĻ»Ὣɽɾʹˡ
Ƭ֮Ҷл»ص˴ʯͷ£ȻΧ¶ΪⳡĴ˲٣ȴû˿оս
˼һ֮Ҷ𽥵ˣʵսɴСͬľ׼һ㣬ȫʩչ֮˵Ŀơ
ţҶֿʼԣھ˼ηŻĹ֮ڿԵӦֵʩչһǻԭ
ȿ˲ȼƬɽ֣ҲֻȼԲڵĲľ
ֿҶսĿƣԻᾪȲѣ˵ո̤볾̤뼸ʮҲһܹ˵շ磡
Ҷܹ֮㣬Ϊ֮ǰĿѾﵽһǳ΢ľ磡
ʱѾ磬ʱûˣҶĽ𽣾սͬʱʶ鿴ԼڣȻһȴ˶
Ϊʱ˿̣֮ڵĳƬһ޼ʵĴѾʧȡ֮һɫȼŵĻ棡


122 󺣱
һۣôʲôʲôԲܷı䣬Ѿнڹϵ׼Ķˣûκ飬ȻҲûгֹ仯
ȻڣҶԭǴ󺣵ĳھȻһ棡
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123 
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ȻҪԼƴɢĽ룬Ҷ֪ӦλͬǳֵĽɳˡ
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Ҷֺǿ˵Уڳ֮ȴû߽ǶҶһҾ׵ʦܶе֮ʦֵҶҶֲҪϣ
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126 ռ䳾
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Ϣַ۾ʱڻˣҴīͻĿѶУһ˻ģ붯λӡĳϣȻԼ׼
ַ嶸Ȼ֮ʮһ»Ļãټּˣ̿ʼ׼¡صʽӭӡ峤ϣ
ͬʱݷڳ˵ףòһֵ˵϶ɢһǿƣڿǵ˶᲻ԾƵһԣǡ
ֵܶƺ£û˼ȥںЩ飬˼¥£Ҫ˼Ʋ֮󣬱˴һ̲סڵ磬ô죿ȻҶԪŵӣȴû˵ʲôҶڶΪŵӵ飬ƭǣ
һ˳˼ڲҶҵĺ̨ĻǾҪҶңҶͷȥڣֻǰҶɱҶңȻĻΥʱ˿¶ˣ
ӢĻǺֵܶˣ
ڵĳʽ֮ϣΪǵĳ£Ҷ࿴һصӢ֮丸壬ҲӢֵǰڣ̽ҶҺ֮ľϵ
ҶڶŵӣӢǲʮ֮һڣҶŭ飬ֻܾʹգҶǵĻôβԼĶӰװҪֵɱҶţҶͷ
ֵܶĴڴʵ󣬻صݷǣڴȥİ취
ɱҶҺҶĲ²֣Ϊ´ͷβʵҶҶҸʲôûȫԼխ
£Ҷ֣ʮϲҲǷǳʵǲôһžزǵС
ǲɱҶҺҶôͻΪΥ֮ΪӢڵͽӶܵɵ׷ɱ
ѵľأɱҲǣɱҲǣ
Ѿһ·Ȼû취񶼵ݷǣһվҶˣԽҪˡ
ڣ½һҧ磬Ҫȥ֪ͨҶңǸϽҶȻǾҲҶΪڣʱһܾˡ
ǶԼĵܵܰΣϵľƱһã㣬ߣ
ֵվ߳˾¥Ȼʼһò˵ĸͷͻȻһЦǵıӰĵٺ٣Ȼû˵ֵܶģȻҹȻΥѰ·ѾҵĶϳƣȵҶ֮ҾǺҶһ·ɣ
ٴЦ߾ͬһҲ뿪˾¥ĸֵܵҶķȥ


128 úĵ
ҶٵıţͬʱҲһЩ飬ԷɢԼĵּ֮С
޷ǾԼЩ飬˳ܹ仯֮⣬оΪʲôѪܹնԣѵ˵Ѫнⶾ
ĻԼαػҪѧʲôҩΪʲôҩʦֻҪҵֱѪյڵĶԣͿ˰
ڴ֮ǰҪȺúҦɽѪǲĿԽⶾԺҼжһ¡
ɲððʧʧҵһѪܹڵĶԣǵھǸһϣ֮ٴδһʧ
Ҫһʧ£ŻȥѰ
뵽ҶҲһֵĸоۣҲеģż
ʮҶԼҵĽ֮⣬ûкĸദôʱ䣬ȻûкԽľָ֪оʵϾһŸӡ
֮󣬼ȿǰӣҲӣҪҶԼľˣ
뿪ϳǵڣһһҹʱ䣬Ҷ߲ݵĸ·ֱڣ˿ѾīǸɭ֡
ҶԭȵĴ㣬ڻؼ֮ǰҪǰīżȥӦԼƵĳƵˣ֪Ϊʲôͷϴļ֮Уû飬ֻ뾡Ļؼңƺｫʲôõ鼴Ҫ
оĪҶԼе޷ţҶʲô鷢أ
Ҷвľң޼ѾּȻһֱҰĵģԼѾϵּλغ;ӡĸּ֣һʲô
ҾּչҶ֮лоλٴﵽ˳ؾĸ󣬳ͬǳĸǰĻӡ߼ʮ˸ʮӡģҲֵʲôȥ
ѵ޵ˣ
ĿǰҶĵľ޵ˣǼٶףһƷ񽣣ŶĶ֣ԸҶҵĻҪ̫ˣֻҪǸʦү֮Ҷˣ
ҶԽԽÿ޵Ҫˣǲҵ飬ǲҪڷɱҲΪḻɱ˵Ļĸɾˡ
ɭ֮веƷ׵ޱͬһһҶŵȵ̧ͷѰʱȴʲôҲҲ
ҶӰɭֵıԵɭֵʱ򣬺Ȼһô֮£һͷëľ⶯һԼıӣȻȻվɭֵıԵ֮ȥ
ǵٶҲǼ죬еɭֱԵʱҶѾɭ֣ԭԥһ֮ͻȻҲͬĳɭ֣ѭҶζ׷ѰҶܵķ׷ȥ
Ҷٶʵ̫ˣûע⵽Լһͷ׷Լ
ͷǵҶʱ־µͷ
ԴҶ뿪֮󣬵һֱɭֵıԵ֮ȴҶĻղȻҶٶȺܿ죬ǲûıӡ
ӵܵϲѿʵûʹȫҶȫٱܣֱͥһ㣬ȴûҶ֮ľ롣
Ȼ뱻ҶԼĸ棬ֻǱֲ֮ᱻҶֵľ룬ıš
Ӱӣͬһ㣬׷ʧ˵·ľͷ

īǰ߹ŵŵƽʵĴլӣϲǾԼļˡ
װ׼һ£ô׼ˣӡ˻ֲȢϱţ
пЦ˼īתͷʼոԼһλȫһ֮УĿˣСĵϣǰҼˡ
˷һߣûд𻰣ǿзһֵʱһ󾢷ϮһͷɫİɫϻҲ֪ǴܳģֱԾ˺˵ߣź˵˵ͷ
ֻϻɫҲԶԶͨϻ֫ŵضн׵ĸ߶ȣҪĻܳס
һ˫ѪĻ֮о۾
ΣīҲǼֲˣһ·ϣλӡĳϣȾʦ˸ͷϻż̸֮⣬ͲԼ
ô˵ԼǲʹΪȾˣ׿ϣȻҲԷˣһλ۲۵ĳĸ֣
Ȼ˵ˣȥˣȥּˣȥǸҶңҶңȾ˳Ҿˡ
īвһû뵽ϱԼҪżҲΥֻæͷ֪ˣȥ


129 ּҳ
ַ忴ǰòӡ廢ϣ¶֮ɫϣȾұҶɱΪףȻ𣬵ʵ̫󣬲֮£ֻ鷳㲻Զǧʵ
ûд𻰣֮ڿڵּˣȥǸҶҡ
ǣ
ַתȥϵıѾ˷ȡԼĵôãڵ˿üˡ
֮ҶĵһҾͽԼּˣϿٶյĻû׼ݷҲΨּһҶ
ǰƺѾδּҳΪݷǰû档
ȻҪַּˣַֻǽгּΪӡϵߣΪٵ͵ĽȥҲûá
֧ʱ䣬ַѾʮ˳˻ϵǰϣּҿ֮˶ˡ
ϵ˵ͷǰ·
ǣַӦһͷԼˣּǣǾȥҶңΪȥȾѪϴҶң
Щͱַϴˣʱ޿̶ּңʱַĺ٣ټĪӡ峤ϣʱȺ鼤ܣԳŲӸӦţѪϴҶң

һȺ˺ƺƵҶȥҲͷɫϻıϣĸ˵
ʱ˿̣ҶҵĴ֮ϣҶԪԼӻ㱨Ѿ˼㡣
ȻȵĹûʲô⣬꿪ʼҶҾͽپϵľˣڱҪӦ֮
ûҶֵ˻㱨꣬һ˺Ȼײײֱӳ˴峤峤ˣˣּˣ
ϢҶüͷ΢ʲôˣʲôּˣ
ĵոգո˿ּң峤ַΪףţʮˣһŰϻĹˣҶҸ
ҶԪжȻֳŨҵɱЦһַ壬ϴΰɱһûи㣬Ҫ滨ˣãҾͺúúˣ죬ҳȥּˣڣȥҶи棬ߣ
ǣ
ֵ˴ӦһҶڴæȥҶҶԪߣĵϻĹˣ᲻ӡ˰ҿּ߲ư
ҶԪֺ˪ӦþӡˣұȻּȥİ֣ȻּҶʵʵĴô죬ôͻȻԸҶңбӡ
ʱǰһѾ֣֮ЦҶϸ磬ôҰ
ΪҶ̸Լ⣬ΪȻԣղҶڴ˳ԺҶҸ棬ŷˣһ֮£Ÿ˹
ҶԪЦŵּҶѣС£ﻹҪ㰡
ٺ٣ЦеĵЩҶڣҲܣҪǣߣһȥ
ŴҶҵĿģ˻ҶҲҲΪоڼҶԪûнּ˷С
ãǾһȥ
˲ȥ̸֮Ц˿ûн֮С
Ƭּ̹֮ҵȺѾ˵֮УſŰϻӡ峤֮ʱԭ϶ʱɫ
Ҳѵõ̧ͷں֮µ۾Ķס˾š
ͬΪĸ֣ȻŻа֮ԶǾѾܵ˱˴˵Ĵڡ
ͳ˻еľƺеһںѹҶϸ磬Ҷкû
ҶԪڿּҵĶ飬ͻȻŵ仰һ㶵аôˣϵܣ
ŵɫΪصĵԷ֮λĸ֣ʵӦ֮ϣ̴Ҷ˴Ӻ뿪Ǿȡʱ䣡
ⷬ˵꣬ҶԪҶɫͬʱˣʵھ֮ϵĳĸ֣Ѿ޷һִˡ
ڣΪʲôּ֪Ҷо£Ŀŵˣ
ҶԪɫ˲Ϣ䣬ɲ֮ȴƽתͷҶ죬ǰĻ̺˴Ҷ˴Ӻ뿪Ҫκһɱ⣬ȥ
Ҷһ㶵أ
ǰΪǾȡʱ䡣ҶԪȻѾĴ㡣
ҶԼĸգæУߣžǰ
ҶԪȻһ壬ʮӡֵƶʱɢ˳㲻ӡ֮⣬ʲôãڲʱ򣬸Ͻߣ֮͹ϴţҪǷ֣죡
Ѿó˼ҳϣҶбĬĬĵ˵ͷȻžǰ鷳ˣ
΢΢һЦֶģұص߾ܡ
һҶٴοһͬɽһվĸףг˱ȴܽɱ¶ٶԸһδΪȻּ˵ע⡣
ҶһҧȻתȥĽ룬ҲȻϡ


130 ˭Ҳ
ҶҴ֮⣬ſҶԪҶϸ磬Ĳˣ
ҶԪ΢΢һЦҵļңΪʲôҪߣǾϵܣлĻһҪߣ
ҶԪΪҶ峤Ϊ˱ԼһֽҶңҲߣɾűϾһˣȻʮĸԸҶңҶԪȴԲϣΪҶҶս
ЦеֺһھƣѰͣܶҶϸ磬һǸϻ˽ңʣµˣɾͶˣ
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žҶԽԽַҲԽԽҶҴǰһҶ뿪ʹŵĹرգҲ֪ضҶҪܣЩ⣬ľΪʲôûпҶ
Ҷǰٺ£Ҷң֪˶࣬ҲҶܵΪ֮ģַȻ֪
ַ˵ʵҶвȲǾţҲҶԪҶ
ҶôҶһǻĵĻᣬԴʱ˿̣ûпҶеż
΢һַŲ˻ϵǰϣվڴһǾŵĳ֣ҶҵҶҲɱȾཻ֣Ī棬ԸҶңһҶ峤ҶԪʮӡĸ֣ǿ֪УԹ֮סǣҶˣҶ͵͵ߡ
ϵĿзһЦģҶˣ˭Ҳߡ
Ȼ仰ַаϲȴ֪Ϊʲô˿϶ѵ˵ӡڰţ
ƺַ֪һͻȻϻԴͷĶ˵˼仰Ȼӻ֮£ϻȻ𣬷һ˻֮
ֻǰצ֮ɱ̼仯һ׹⣬Ҷҳ˹ȥ
һĻַʱˣԼôͷϻأȻͷϻǻϵˣʵ㲻ޣҲǷǳ߼ˣȥҶˣҶ˭ӵõأ
Ȼϻͬһһ㣬һ˲ͳ嵽ҶҵĴǰźҶԪɫأ׼֡
ȻϻȴûпˣһХ˶ӾȻ߸Ծ׵ĸ߶ȣɵľʹҶҵǽͷ֮˽ȥ
һ£ҶԪ;ŵɫͬʱˣȥûнͷϻȥͷϻȻˣֱӳҶңĿȻǶԸԺǽ֮Ҷˣ
Ŷӡ˵˽⻹ҪһģҧãǸ˵ͬޣʵӦòȹ˵ͣҲǰƷϵˣҶϸ磬Ͻȥסｻˣ
޴ﵽƷʵԺʮӡ࿹ˣƷϣֻгĸֲܶԸˡ
ҶԪȥԸϻҲһĶ֣ǰһϻĹˣϾˣֻҶԪȥ
ʱҶҽյĴ֮Ѿ˷ľ֮ŭ֮ҶҶҶᣬǺһסͷϻҶȥͣϽߣ죡
ҶԼĶŮ£ȴҶ뿪Ȼ׼ԼӵҶ˵Ĵ
ҶǾӡҶأŮҶأ˼һҲǰƷ޵Ķ֣
ҶԪ۾Ѿˣžŵϵܣһˣ
ȾŻӦҶԪһŭһַַָ壬ɣ
ҶԪԼҲȥԸϻĻͬǶ֣ԼϽּˣܲסǸӡ˵ĻҲлԼļˣǲܲ˵ĳ˳ȥ
µ񣬾Ҳûκεİ취ˣ̾˿һţָͬ˻ϵӡ˴һ£
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ŶȻſͣһɫĿצĳּ˺ͻϡ
ּѾŵ˿ǹŨµľ֮ζͬʱԴое㷢ͣȻʱ϶Ȼ̧ͷһֱͷϵĺȥ¶һżΪףͬʱſڷһ춯صĻ
𣡡
ͬһˣڿγһͷͻ˾³İɫ
䣡
ͻݺݵײһͻǷצ׵Ľ˺ƬȻҲɢ˿ľȻͻǰ֮ƲҶԪ˹ȥ
Ϻ;ŵĵһ潻棬УȻҪԲһ
ҶԪ嵽һ룬ͻȻԼɱͻһݣ˫ֽصȻһĳ
֮ǣڿ۳һָɽݺݵѹͻ֮ϡ
ͻзһ̼ɢҶԪȴҲײ֮˳ȥףȻ治ǳĸ֣
Ҫ֪ˣѾȺ;ŵľײ˴дһЩȻԾ˴ʮӡҶԪס
ʱ˿̣ҶԪӿһ˿֮УӣҶҪΣˣ


131 
ݷͨҶĹٵ֮ϣֵѾܷŲˣǾҶȴԽԽ
ȻµĶ䶯˶磬ʲô𣿺˶֣
ǵͷˣߣϽȥ
˶ʱӿ˽ŲҶķ򼲱ȥʼձһǸ¶Ц֮ɫҡҡͷԼҪˣȻȥ£Ǹⱬը֮Ҳǳ罻ֵĶôڳֱôֵǮһССҶϾȻôĳ֣
ҶǰԼľɢ˲䣬Ѿ嵽˻ϵǰǰòͺͺԴһëͷ֮ϺȻдһֵĹˣвɵһݵ̨ĪӡĻϣ
һЦû뵽㾹Ȼϳ˭ҽֻΪ˶ԸҶң˵㲢Ҷ֮ˣֻҪ뿪Ҿһ
֣ѾǸ߸ϵһȺˣÿλֶǸ£Ķ󣬱˴֮Ҳ뻥УԻڲ򲻵ѵ£ҲĲԸ;Ž֣ƽ޹ʵΪԼһҡ
ӡˣΪԣȻûбֵѰ׼ĵޣħ޺ͷз֮УȴҲĿ֮һЩţƸЩСǿ˲٣Ծܹϳ
ӡг峤֮⣬Ĵϣ볾ﵽĸˣټӡ˶иԵͬޣͬ޵ʵͱ޼ַܹͬʵӵĲС
ϳľȻĳ֮һĻʱһѾ˹ȵף֪ԼԲǶԷĶ֡
˻ϵĻ֮ȴɵɻϣŹһþϽ֮أǳϽ˵زʮ·ôҶгأ
һָѾҶԪֵַҿõͽȾĶӣ̽ȴҶһҶɱȻҪҶҡ
ﲻ˿Լɴ֪Ҷɹôһ°ĻǻҶңȷʵ
һתżæϣô֪ͽǱҶɱģҶһʮ꣬ȻЩţҲͽܵĶְɲҪŲ֮ԣּ֪ҶҵĵλѾãû׼ǱļٻҪ֣֮ҶңӶܹȡҶҶ֮
ʮꣿ
仰е㷢㶣Ϊ֪ȾѾǾӡĸֻ֣򵥵֮ܣȷܱһʮɱ
һֱ͵͵̸ַʱæеϣĻҶȻֻʮ꣬һΪѾﵽʮӡˣȾǱɱģ
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ֵϸеԾˣʮʮӡ
ҶԪŭһּ˵Χ֮£һʱ֮Ҳ޷ɱַ壬ֻܷŭĺַ壬ƨֻоӡôɱϵͽܣ
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Ҷɱҵģǿǵּ峤Ծһˣ͸Ⱦս𽣾ҲҶˡ
ַȫſڿӣԼɣӲıһ³Ȼ´뵽ģľʵ
ַһҶԪĲһߵʬ壬ǰ𽣾ۼǿǵκҶǸ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶԪ¶˻Ȼɫˣʵһж˸ɵģ
һзߵʬ壬֪ǺöҪ͸ҶȾϣ˾ɱȾȡİ𽣾ͳͳ͸Ҷ
û뵽˵һ⣬ڽ췴ΪҶҺҶɱ֮
Ȼַ֪ĻǼٻΪ˱λˣҶԪҲûٳԷпʼԥҪҪ˵˵
˵ԼҶҺܾܿҪ˵ӡ˱ȻĺǵȥѰλˡ
˶ԼҶжԼѵҪ
ݵԥ֮ҶԪ˵ˡ
Ҷн죬ȫͣټԼһ壬Ҳ֮ˣ˵Լ˵ԷҲһţַԸҲԲܾʹ˰ݡ
ͬʱֵַⷬҲûԭе㶯ҡ뷨¼ᶨĿžŵ˰ɣ죬Ҷңǲ뿪ģ㵽ߣ
ҶԪЦŵϵܣ߰ɣҶ֮£ûаϵ߰ɣ
ûȾӦȻϺ;ͬʱ̧ͷ˹ٵ֮ϣһߺҲԶԶס֣


132 һٱ
Ҳʱֹͣ˴򶷣żҪҶҵַҲ̧ͷķȥ
ֻӰһٵĳ˵ǰ֮󣬾Ŷʱ¶ϲɫϲĽе֣ôˣ
Ȼֵܶˡ
ַڳʽ֮ҲǼ˵ģ˿̿ǰŶǵĳƺȻһǸòҶҵİɣ
ҶҵĻô֮սĽɾͲ˵ˡ
Ȼʵǿͬް׻Ǿźֵȫǳĸ֣ܹԸ
ֵܵĿתһȦ֮󣬾ͼ˻ϵϣĿһ֮󣬲Ŷžŵ֣ô£
ЦһҶɱӡ廢ϵĵӣڴŻҶұ˵ҪҶҡ
ӡ壬ֵȻҲİԲ΢΢ɫµӦɣ
ߣһߣµĻλ˭ǷҲΪ˰ҶңǵĻǾͷϻ˵ǵĻǾϽ뿪
һ仰ʱֵܸסˣ
˵ʵ֮ʵӦúͻϵĿһҪҶҵģֲҶҾʹһֱᵽڣû
ֵ˶һ֮ҧҶҵġ
ûµĻ˵꣬ԶͻȻһ𣬶ֵͬʱ¶Ť֮ɫסԼĶӣ˫˫ԵڵأڵϷȥƺʹ֮
˵Ŀɿڴ֮УʼոֵǸƵĳˡ
ߣֵܱŤٸǼҪһ
߶µָŶԷ
ҲǾȴɫٴһ䣬ΪĸĿУŶ˵һЩӢڵ֪˭
Ӣ֮УҩʦһƷһҶĻףһǰ
ȻͬΪҩʦӢڵĵλְȴȫͬȻӢڵĵӣϾգԼˣλ
⣬ȻҲҩʦҩʦȴ΢ͬǾֻƶҩ
񿴵ֵܵӣɵҲ֪жˣ¶֮Ȼˡ
ֻΪʲôͬŵֵ¶֮⣬˾Ͳ֪ˡ
ĿɫѾֵܵһλᣬͷȴȻ϶ԸҶңҪǣԼԹκˡ
ĻźҶԪѾԼĴţȻ̲֪ǿԿ϶һ㣬Ǿ֮Զֵ¶Ϊֵܲ϶ԸҶң
ֵܣǳŻЦŵϣģĿҲҪҶңǸҶȻһȻæģҾһ߿ţ㲻ĻҵԸ⾡ౡ֮
£ͻȻǰʧڳôˣ˻Ϻ;֮⣬ԼһӰӣﲻ̾һʵԺԼҲһƴ
Ƭ֮ͬһ³֣ɴЦȥҶ˵㶾֤һˣˣӦûҵˣȵҶ֮Һûȥ
˵仰֮Ȼתߵһߣһ°Ȼĵ˿͡
ĻȴҶԪĶʧô̵ʱ䣬ȻȥҶ֮ڵ¶ˣ
ȻһҽдڴҶԪԼҶ岻΢΢һΣӦҶǲǰ׻Ķ֣ҶѾ
ҶԪȻ췢һĳХλζͬ転һּҵȺ֮У£ӿͬ͵һ㣬ΪǿּЩأӡͳͳյԼߡ
˫֮ϣҲǱǶ𣬻һ˸źâĴ󵶣ֶʮĵâݺݵĿ˱ּˡ


⼸ֻּüһҽУѾ˵λ꣡
ҶԪͻȻּһֲּжʱ˾⣬׷ȥַҲ⡣
ٿҶԪ뷢ţ˫ĿԲɣ嶼ѾѪȾ죬۾ҲǳһƬǱɵˣ޲ŵõսľ˫ɲڡ
˾ѾѩһƬ漣֣ҶǳˣҶڼңҶһŻ
Լ뿪պҲûټҶˣ뵽ͻȻЦɱĺãɱúãһٱٱ


133 Ҷң
ŴЦУͷ֮ð˿˿۳һ«ģ«εһɲǣǴ֮ˮһ㣬ӿǹŨѣεľ㣬ѾּҼҡҡ׹
ţЩ籡ڿоȻĻƱÿ֮жĿҪ
ϣҾһ
ƱŨҵľ㣬ڿзɿתŻȥ
ȻֻһľƱƱת֮ȴǴһǿ飬絶ӡˣ㱻Ҳһȥ㻹Ϊ˵ľ壬崦һľ״̬оʹ
ǾսƼ
ϧǻϣһλʵֻ߲͵ĳ֡
תŵľƱϰΧ֮ϸû˿ı飬ƺûŵ˱ǵľ㣬Ҳûиܵ
ۿžƱѾǰвŶȻðһɾ⣬ͬҰһ֮⣬ͬʱ˫Ȼָ֮ðǱֻצһҲľԼǰץ˹ȥ
ͣ
ƱڻϵĻצ֮£û˿ĵֿ֮׵ľƱ˺ޣʱɢɢ˿֮С
ԼĹȻ׵ľͱϸŵҲһȴЦĸӴϣȻ㾴Ʋԣֻ㷣ˣǿƣ
ŵгʼЯǸƺ˫ҲǼմصǰУľһ˾ƵһᣬʱеصĿܡ
̶̼žȻֱӾ˻ϵǰͬʱƺȻǰһӾƺֱ֮ϵš
ϵ¶һ˿ЦҾͺľƣ
ͶȻſֱӿ˻ϵĿУһ˿û˷ѡ
ڣ˲¶ǣϵϾȻһ˿ΣþвһϲþһΣ
ϣ֮һǱֱĻ򻢳ϣڿлתһһΧŻϵȦ
ˣˣ
Ȼһ·ͣ֫ŵأ֮ϺȻֳһͷ޴İɫͻ
𣡡
һХ𣬸ոձеġơ³˲ͽŷɢͬʱһֻ˶ޱȵĻצ߸žŵԴݺݵȥ
뵽Լ˾ϾȻûУֻסˣڷɢԼĵڶι
֮ôȾƣΪĹǼΪ⣬Խ֮УӶ˺͹Ч
ԻϸܾӰ죬ĹҲ𲻵ãô֮£ʵѾûκΰ취ȥܻˡ
ӭͷĻצ㿪ִֻ֮ܲ渡ֳһֻ޴ĺ«ӲĽסһ
䣡
ž͸оԼǱһĴɽһ㣬ȻǿסˣȴѾܿƣĵźȥһƨ˵ϡ
վֱӣ׻֮ȴûʧʹȥͬ˰黢һԵĿɨһ۾ţͲתźּ˲һҶԪȥ
λϵĿľҪҶң֮⣬ΪԼУǳĸ֣Ծܾһٶĸ֣Ȼ飬ûʹº֡
ʱҶԪȻּˣΪŭ֮£ʵҲ΢˵ۿۣټַīӡĸֵ͵ϮѾ˼ˡ
ȴѾ֪ʹһȫȡƴķʽںּɱһȻʱռϷ磬Ͼּ˭Ҳûġ
ַ屾ҪŻ֮ҶңԼּһˣղҶԪͻȻѣѾּҸ˼ȫΪĿֻǲסҶԪȵϽ˾֮ȻԸҶԪ
ȻһȻѾҶԪߣ־ͽĲסݺݵ𣬶ҶԪ֮ûС
ߣ
һߣһ˦ҶԪһʯͷһȥ
䣡
ֱҿҶҵĴţ
֮еΣҶԪĶѾڵѪˣΪ˿Ҷ֮УѾûһվŵˣȫڵ£֪
Ҷ죬ѾȥѪ߰ߣſڵϣҶҶɫ࣬вϵӿѪȻжȻֱ׻ȻûҲֻʣһˡ
׻Ҷյ߶ţʱצڵϵҶˣȻЩѾжˣֵȤûС
һĻҶԪصı۾ǵ۽֮ĵ
Ҷңˣ
ϱĮȻĶַҶͳͳ̧
ַ˵ĶҪЦˣӲǿе˷ܣָּ˽Ҷٿȫ̧˳ҾͷҶԪǰ
ҵҶȻ˶ɱˣĮķ
Ȼʱһ·ֱܹϾХȴԶԶĴ
ХδͣЪžһǺ֮
ӰӣһӰһӰԶԶĳߵľͷ


134 Ҷ
ͻȻĳХǺ֮ƺͬʵľһ㣬˵Ķж졣
˵ɫҲˣʼڵϣЦ濴ֵʱҲ̲סվһĿԶķ򣬿ӰӣֱͬһҶңٱ
Ҷ֮гҶԪ֮⣬жΪ͵ѾΪǿģҲǼȻԣʡ£ͬʱȴعһصôÿ˵ϣҧأеһ˿Ŭ̧ͷԽԽӰӡ
Уַһعɫ䣬ȻŭҶҶԭҶңˣ
ȷҶַ֮ͻȻӿһĪĲںͿ־壬֪ԼΪʲôĸоִֻͨ󺰴Уָо΢ķйȥ
ϧûãһöûУ
ӰԽԽ־嵽ϢĸоҲӵǿ
ڣӰӳ˵ǰһˣһͷǣ
ˣȻһ·֮ϲͣ񱼣һ̸ϻҶҵҶ
ǣҲΪ˱Ҷľ֮ɭֿʼʼβҶıޣ
Ҷµ˲䣬Ѿе۵ףͬʱʶҲ̸ȫ
ҶٿˣʮѾŵĳҶԪ֮⣬ֻʣһҶԪȻû׺۽ǹŵλǵᣬȴĴʹҶࡣ
ڵϣѪ𾪵ĿҶ
ֵɫ࣬°ĭȻҲѣͬҲԶˡ
ںƸʱҶͺȻʼңҶԽеǹɼͲҲԽǿңڣ֪ԼΪʲôָоˡ
ѪŨˮ飬ҶٻһֽԤ֪ĸо
һ޾ķŭɱ⣬˳ĽŵӿֱŭڣȻҲķŭɱ⻯εѹȫ
ԻϵʵڸܵѹʱҲ΢΢ɫͬʱ΢΢
ɱͷŭ˵ľ޴󣬵Ҷıȴ侲Ŀ£˫֮¶ͬԶһ񣬾ɨڳÿһˣֱ˻ϵϡ
ӡˣ
ͨͷ֮ͱηηβİ׻Ҷ׵ľƶϳ˻ϵݣ֮Իڴ˵سֵԭҲףΪȾľ֡
ҶģΪȾ۲ԳҪɱҲɱȾ
ȻϾҶչ¶ʵĿڿҶ֮ȴǺܿ˵ϣ
ѾϳˣͷǾȻǴ˵еıޣ
Ϊӡˣ඼һУ˵ˣ
ȴûʲôɫѪͲ̵ĿӦƺУѾǸˡ
ޣܱ඼Ҫߣ˾ԼҶȻףЩվŵˣҶĵˡ
ȻҶΪˣôҶĵˣȻĵˣڣֻҪҶһ£ͻԥĳǰȥԼצݣÿһ˺Ƭ
Ҷһڶˣڳ֮ˣϺڣûһ˿ƶģֻȻͬȰƹ˻ϣֱӳҶԪߡ
ȴǻ֫һ۹עŻϵˣһߵҶߡ
ҶСַҶԪүүԲһˡ
ҶԪ˿ҡҡͷ㲻û
ҶѾˣҶԪлһϣǾҶҵҶţڣҶȻˣô죬ҶĿҪȫûˣ
үү뷨Ҷܲף¶һû˿ЦݵүүһˣͲҶٳ£Ϣһᡣ
ҶĻ뵽ղҶ춯صĳХҶԪգգ۾Ȼʲô
ȻףҶԪȴҲûһ˿˷ܣΪҶҳԼҶ֮⣬˶Ҫˡ
ǲϣжҶѵܴӳбƳҩ
ʱ򣬻ϺȻ˵ˣתͷַҶ
ַȻعæͷҶ
ϵ¶˾ԭҶɲʲôʮӡǳĸ֣
仰ٴͬһףصÿ˵Ķը죬ǸոѾԼ׵ҶԪ仰ʱ򣬻̲ס̧ͷٴοһҶ
ˣҶˣּˣֱ޷ԼĶ䣬ڴǰӡҶھȻѾǳĸˡ
ܣܣǰ˰ɣַ˫ĿƴҡŶ䣬зʶ
ַ֪ҶǳֵĻôûеȥ뻢ɱҶӡ˾ȻҪԸӵгֵļ壬ⲻԼڿЦԼѵڿЦ
ַУһ˻⣡


135 ׵
Ȼַ˻⣬Ѿչ棬޿ˣõİ취ɱҶֻҪɱôҶҾĳٲκκ֮ˡ
ȻƺӶַĴĿƵĽŵԼλĸ֣ҾȻշһֻޣ
仰ո˵ַ꣬һƨ˵ϣΣź϶΢΢ɫ
Ʒ޾ͿԺʮӡϵȺţǱ޵ʵأ
͵ȼһƷޣҲԺͳؾһϸߵˣοͷɱŰĺǣôҲֻһƷޡ
ŵкȻص̾˿ڵ֪Ҷͺǵʵʵ֮пǧ
ҲҶ֮ΣԽˣҶǻ̫ˣЩжҶˣóҩȻĻ˭Ҳˡ
ַѾ׵˵ˣϺͰ׻ܹԸͬΪҶͺ
ʱҶѾߵ˴Ҷǰͺͺļͷӻͳöҩöö˵Ѹٵ˴󲮵ĿУȻץסʣֵֻ󣬳󲮣ģһΪڵĶԣܻеѵĸо㲻Ҫġ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ȻҶ󣬵ڳÿȴҶԪȻ̧ͷ¶˾ϲεĹâ
ȻҶڿǼˣֻҪ֮ܽĻľͲˣϾֻԼҶ츸˺͵˶֣˶ֻΪжŵµġ
Ҳ¶֮ɫԼƵĶϳɢȻʲô綾ҪⶾĻҲҪ̷ԼƵĽҩԲǽƾɢķͿȥԵİ
ʵˣΪҶ˵ԵҶֻǽסҶĸ첲ȴûκҶ֮ʱϲ¶˳֮ɫ
ȻƬ֮ҶɫѾָĺ󣬶ҶٴһŲ֮󣬾Ȼܹõ֧
ڣɵӶܿҶֻ첲Ĳ֮⣬ûκˣ
ҶԼе㲻ţҶȻİԼ֮־ϲĿҶ촽Ǽȴ˵һ֡
Ҷٴ΢΢һЦ󲮣úϢʣµ齻ҡ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷȻֻоӡܹоҶϷַ츲صı仯ĻȻҲš
˵֮Ҷ˫ֱַסҶҶĸ첲Ȼ׼ҪͬʱڵĶˣ
Ҳ̲סǰ˼ҪĿҶôԼµĶҩġ
ĿȴʲôҲȻҲţҶһǳϲնѪĴڣ
ʵҶҲû̫İգµֻˣѪղֶĻôͻٻҦɽֳæƽⶾ
ѪȻԶǿҵϲһסҶ֣ѪķڵĶȫˡ
Ƭ̹ȥҶҶҲ𽥻ָ˺ҶָһһŲ£ӵ
ȥҶ㿪ʼһΪҶ˿ʼڵĶʶ鿴֮£жȽΪȽϵͣΣա
̵УϾȻûг֣ô˫ۻǰĬȻעţƺҶʱ䣬Ҷյ
һԵַ̲סˣΡΡߵϵߣСǰôˣѵΪȾҪҶȻҶˣǽǰˡ
ϻûڣǱæŸҶնҶȴĵַ壬ģ췲ǶҶҶ֮ˣ˭Ҳ뿪ˣּң
ҶڵɫΪƽеķŭɱȴһ㶼ûʧżȻҶˣͳˡ
ⷬŵַͬʱȴҲȻһ
ΪҶ֮֮ʵԼµ֡
ȻҲˣǺ;ŽֵģŲ޴󰭣پϻҧҶһ첲ҶҪĻԼȻ׵壡
뵽һЦÿСӰҵҪǲĲ¶
£λζѾҶ˹ҶҲҶ˵ĸ첲Եһᣬ̾
жҶˣҶѾˣʣĳѾ֮⣬ЩжģһʱҲãԼȻˣҶȻҪԻػˡ
žһ죬ӲͣΪҶٶȾȻģǰסȥ·
Ļ¶ӦþˣҴûм㣬㣬ҶҺʲôҪ´˶֣
Ҷޱעȴ·ĴԼϣһƷ潣Ѿƴ


136 ж
ûлشֻЦЦĿҶҶͻȻоΧĿƺ춯һݣһģ潣ѾһϺɫ棬ӽ֮𣬳
ҶоΧе춯뵽ǰ˾ǸҶ¶֮ˣղԼ׿˵ҪԼǲĲ¶
Ҳ˵ԷϢ֮ѾˣӦóĶҩ
֮ҶҲ̰νһŸѨλԼ֮еһȫʩչ˳ûһ˿һı
ȲܶԷʵΣǳĸֳ֣֮⣬һλͬǳֵӡһԻҶҪܿĽԷȻĻҶĽĲ˵أ
ҶбͻȻҲһѾ㹻Сģû뵽ҶȻӵгˣ
ҶԶͬ˵̶ȣһ֮ίʵǳ
˾ͿһܻͨϺɫͬһצĳ嵽ǰ
ͼٺˣԼ֮ǰ˿ɫȴǶȻ˿С
ţһ¡ľ촫Ȼڿը˿ȼŵĻ棬һ㣬ռٵ
Ż֮£Ȼݣܿ˴󲿷ֵĻ棬ȴȻһСֻϡ
棬Ϊҩʦ˵ȻϣƳҪЩȻɫȴͻȻһݣΪȻ֣ԼȻ޷Щ档
Ȼ޷׵ЩˣΪ鼶еҶΪܹսپһԼе
𽣾ĵһʽǻԭټǿ˼µҪɱ
ͬʱʼսעҶĻϣһĹâ
ΪӡˣȻʶټϰ𽣾͸ȾģھҶ֮ʩչϤޱȡ
ҶɱȾ֣ѾǿԿ϶ˣȴû̳֣ȻעҶƺ˼ʲô
ȻȼյĲ֮ʮȼգζɲܣ
ҶԭҪԸϻƵʱɱ񵱳ɱȾһȻȻһѣΣ˫֮ҲǴһæýס棬ʶɨԼڡ
ȻղϢ֮ѾԼ˶еĺҶڵҪŨĶ࣬ī֭һתò˳
Ѳ³Ҳ˶ΪҵɫζĶҩ
ҶﲻһԼжĻҶҾˣֻܼϣѪܹϽնЩյ
ƺ֪Ҷ뷨һѪȻʼɢǹǿͬҶڵһԴԴϵ
ܿ죬ڶѾһ룬ٶҶȻе㲻⣬ΪʱѾҪϵĻˡ
Ҷﲻͣ߶ţ㣬㣬ٿ㣡
Ȼʣ֮һʱѪ֮ϴǹͻȻʧˣ
ûҶ׹ô£͸оѪȻһһǿҵĺԼ֮бͬʱһڷĺ𣺡㹻Ķӳˣ
һɫӰӣѪ֮гվҶǰ
ڸղԼ֮гֵҶİϸղǴΣѾΣÿһξʹѪ֮˱˳
ͬһѪˣҶȻˣʵԼͨӿȪѨ֮ٽ֮ǰͨͥѨѨѨʵͬǽѪ֮ͨͨˡ
ųӦþǰˣֻΪʲôѨλͨĵʱûг֣ǵȵʱ˿̲ų֣ҶƲ⣬ӦǸѪյĶйأ
˸˵ĸоһ֣ڣ
һ£ҷɫҲǺڵ˼£ҹֵĻ񲻺õ˶
Ƥеۿ촽Լѿ¶ļŴʹ˿ȥֱȹҪ£
ȻҲ״̬͸̶ȱԭȳҦɽˣȴǳʵ˲١
ͻȻֵĺ˶Ŀɿڴȴ·ؼֻһһں˵ķӦԹԵǷЦ
Ҷ֮⣬û֪ôֵģȻ뵽ϸ˵ˣֻһѡ
ɢһĹŹְԵϢȴõ϶һ˿η֮ɫ
ڣֹͣ˴ЦҲҶϣٴһЦ˰ɣȻˣҵȸ㣬ұӡɣҲΪκ£ԣ㣬ң֪𣿡


137 ֲĺ
Ѫ֮оҶͷųѾĸˣǺӵ̬еư֮⣬ûȻֱ˵Ҷ˵ġ
ҶȴûΪֵ뿪Ѫ֮ѪȻͷųնˣҲ˵Լڻ֮һĶûб
ҶҲŷ֣Ŷڵתһ˿ھŵӿȪѨʱѨλ֮УԼֻҪһ˿Ȼ۳˺ˮ˳ӿȪѨ塣
֮ҶȻҵæ߶ЩжϽ뵽ԼֵѨλ֮С
Ϊ˱ⱻ˷ԼľٶҶòȫעıŶȻûʱȥˡ
ҶĲᣬҲûʲôӦ˵֮ⷬ˿¶֮״жûŵôʵĿˣҸ
ֿ̫̫ˣأ
ʱ̧ͷ˫ſӵ̫״ʱ֡ͨһڵأԴڵ棬ŵ档
˵УǸ۲۵ķӣ
ȴôϵıҲĿɿڴŵ㾪ʧ룡
ΪȻںɢϢҲǸϢоʮֵĲϵĻ֮̾ͬԴҶһԼƵĶҩϢͷŵ˺˵ϡ
Ȼôʱȥ͸÷ˣǺ˾ȻȫûиоһȻʮ־ˡ
˼ԼǲӦóú˷ʱ뿪ȴͻȻ̧ͷһЦԭЩųģĳ̶ֳ˵ʵҲǾңͷŵЩԣʵ̫ˣΪʶһʲôĶɣ
仰֮󣬺˾ȻתߵһԵһ£ͷŴ۾ٴθֳ飬û֪ڸʲô
ʱҶҲڽһ˿˳ϵѨλ˳һ潣ٴָ
ȻһԱ۾ĺȴͻȻˣòҪȻ㣬ңҲϣϾˣֲ֪ʲôʱܳˡ
ûҶ仰˼ͻȻǰˣ壬ۿɼٶȡڻţ
ǵģǻѩ̫һ˫˫Ⱥܿڻһ̲ˮԼ˹һ췢˻֮͸ոſһɺˮ
ţҲʼڻԴ
̶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿʧһ̲Ũĺˮ·ȴֻû֧ţ˺ˮ֮ϣ
ô£
ÿ˶Ŵͣϴŵɫŵϵһ̲ˮ
ղŻһˣȻôṦͱ˺ˮɲͨˣһλĸ֣
˵Ŀȫ˺˵ϣȻӦģΪóĶɱ
˴ĵðһɺ⣬ȻǴ죬գҫϣȴ˸оһ˿ů⡣
ں˵ʵ˶һֲͬۡ
ҶĶˣ֪ǸһǸòңһˣȻԼѪ֮з˳
Ȼٴοڣ£ùңʱ䵽Ȼȥ
˵ĻҶЦԷǵĸоԼˣǺˣݺԷˡ
ȻҶں˵ɫƣͷһʹ࣬Ҳ˵˵Ļ
Ѫ֮УЩ˿ɾͺܲ˵ˣ
Ȼ˾Ǽ˵ģǽֲʵͻɢİҲӵʸʱ
˿ŵЩȻûбⶾҶˣҶ֪Ҫǣֻк˳ˣʱҲûмǽĿ⿴˻ϣ
Ȼʵǿģڼʶ˺˵Ŀֲ֮̽Լһλ
Ҷߵ˻ϵǰɫƽĵӡˣֵˣ
ַҲ͵ĻعԭĶɱҶǵһԱĿĺ֮󣬵ߵĻȴ˻
Ȼ֪ôֵģ֪˵˭ǶԷȴɱҶĵˣȻҶһģ
һԼ˵ڻһ̲ˮḶ́ԼǱͰɣ
ϵעҲӺ˵תƵҶϣɫҶͬƽΪʲôɱҵͽܣ
仰ַ඼Ҫĳˣ
ͽܣҶüͷһԭּҵȾͽܣɱ
Ҷ׿ڳϣַعԭζͬʱٴ˷ܵĹâԼұʵȻģȾȻҶɱģǻȻܷŹҶҲ˵ҶҪҶһҪģ


138 û
Ϊʲô
ĿƵĿҶƺҪĿʳһԼĴ𰸡
ҶЦһ潣һַָôȾ۲Գɱǰôɱ
ϻȻתַ壬Ȼ֪ôһµĴڡ
ʱȾɫ䣬ܵǽڱʵĿ⣬úҰֵǰɱ˵ǰɱʱȾûж֣ǺȾһʱɱģ
ҶóĵĿ⿴ַ壬ҡҡͷַ壬ôҲһ֮ôҵɱ죬Ⱦȷûж֣۲ԳϵĻлɱ𣿡
ʱ򣬺ȻҶĶ˾ŵҶ˵Ⱦûɱޣ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ǧﴫֻܵͷʾɱ
̼ٵĵϽ˵
Ҷһɫе㲻ÿĻһۣƺеˣŵַ壬㲻Ⱦʹ۲Գɱңڴ֮ǰ㻹Ⱦɭ֮ɱޣɱǣǵΪһΪЩ𣿡
ַüͷĲΪʲôҶʱԼ˵ЩԼȾΪһʵǰʲôϵ
ܿˣΪҶ֮ԿԸоɴŭĿ⼯еԼϡ
ϺͰ׻ԼԶҶߵͷǣŭַ壡
ַ嶸Ȼ˹ҲԼȾɱޣȡڵ֮ʱȾĲ鲻Ը
ӡˣȻ岻ͬڶԴ޵̬ϣȴһµģǾǽ޵ѣ򲻵֮ʱԲᶯɱޣ޵ӡھļɻ䣡
ͬΪ޵İ׻͵̶࣬ȻҲɱԼͬ࣬Ϊֻǵʵ
ϵѾĿҪˮԴ϶Ƿ˺⣬Ŀַû£
ַҪֱ棬ϧǣ֮£ҲʵĴΪ±һĽ͡
ϿжȻһŭλζ䣬ַԾ˹ȥȻҪɱȻ˵ǰͬʱһͿҶͻȻ˻ϵǰסȥ·
һٶ˵ϣҶΪʲôסҪֵַĻϣ
˫֮׹䣺Ҫʲô
Ҷ˿ĺͻ϶ţַҵĳˣֻɱ
仰նû˿Ļأ
ȫסҶĿ֮УҲһ˿壬ĿĺҲ۾һ϶Ҷһۺ±ϣҡҡͷĵ
ϺҶ˰֮ĵҶ֮ûнȾʲôȷʵɱġ
ҶʾĻؾ㲻ǷǣּҳͷԸҶң˾ǰүүݰ׻ףҧҴһֱۣҴ㣬Ϊһôˣ
£˵ϼͬʱһǿƣɲǼ串ȫ˵У˴˿̷·𶼻Ρɽ߲ʣ׳
һ̣ŵӿһɼοͱĹŹָо
ҶʮֿãΪ£ǲϧԽݣػҶңҶȻڶ̶һµʱʹӡֳɳΪ˽ĳǿߣȻеʮο
ҶǱʵǳĴԼĿޣȴȲҶʮУԼҪٶΪĻǼΪãҶ֮·ŸոտʼҲΪԼеһ˿
˺֮ĲྐྵȻܴﵽر
ϵһ˿ȣȻû뵽Լѹ֮£ҶȻܹ˿Ӱ죬ҪѹסԼơ
֪ҪǵƣҶѪ֮Բȸ½κһˣ
ھӡ֮ʱԳֵ£Ҷ֮϶˿·磬ѾǳǿߣûѪƾڽֲԺͻϿˡ
һ׻ߵ˻ϵߣһһ޾ȻַǿƣӲĶֹסҶ
ӡ˵ǿ֮Ǻ֮ͬͬĹϵȫͬ޵
ȻʱʼҶߵĵĺ֮кȻһͳĺ֫ߵҶߡ
׻¶η֮ɫͬʱǸߴҲ̲סȻС˰أ
ȻͬΪ֮࣬еĵȼȷֱۣ׻ʵȻֻͣޣڼʵҪ̫ı޵ǰֻ֮ܰ䡣
׻һҶϵȻ֮ӲѹĻϵ֮¶˼ź顣
һĻľٴξȲѣϿ볾ˣ֮ϾȻҶո볾˸ѹס˵ȥҲû˻Ű
ͻȻ͵һͷ֮鸡ֳһֻƴСİɫϻһ紵ɫϻȻĳ
ûǳصı־۹е͵૵


139 ֮Լ
ŻϽԼĳ鶥ֻû˾޴İ׻ԭҶѹסٴα
ҶȴûټӴԼƣעֻѾӻϵͷϵİ׻¶һɫʡ
û
ܹóĻû֮ܺԼɴ󺣱ɻ棬֮Ƿʲôأ
ڣϷһ𣬻Х죬ͬʱӰ˵ʧȻȳˣ
顱֮ͬһӶҶͻѾ֡
˶Եٶʩչ˼ޣǾŵжֻܿһӰӣǵĶ
ͬʱҲðѪĹâһͺİ׻˹ȥ
׻ڵȻһԴڱܵη壬ǴʱȴˣΪԼһ췢Уֻ֮еġ
ʱҶͻϲһͻȻ˿ϵҲ֮𣺡Ҷ֣
˲˵˰׻ߣҶҲ˵˵ߣעŻϣȴȥĻ
İ׻Դ֮ſҶҵİ׻Ķ֣ԽҲ򣡡
ϲԼɾȻΪͬް׻ǵĶ֣ҶеԾǺܿ׹ǵİ׻ڵ֣֮Ϊ˱׻Ųòô
ӵйϵߣ廹ӡ壬ǷǳޣԼͬޡ
ʵҶǺӡ˵ͬ޵ԼĻҪԼҲԸԼͬκεΣա
οܹҵԼĳȫͬİ׻ΪͬޣܿɹģΪָǷǳǳ͵ģӡбΪͬ壬պпˣͬޣߺ϶Ϊһ
ͬͷųʵ൱Լʵ
ܹʩչͬ壬κεʱ͵Ƕ붼еֲ
ȻϲܸκδۣҲǾԲð׻ܵһ˺ģ
ϵĻַ屾˶ֶָ˺ɫ˲ٴαһŰֽ
ҶвѸٵתͷʵҲͻϴΪһϵʵȷΪǿĿǰԼĶ֣Լɱ˻ϣôպҶҲٰˣΪӡ϶Ϊǵĳ֮
ӡʵ֮ǿԲĿǰҶܿģҶԪˣвжδ⣬ϵʱԽã˾ͻԽ࣬ԴӳԶǣʹ˽õĽ
¾ԲܾҶһֻ첲;֮ˣ˻ϱҪۣ
ݵ˼֮ҶĿĿŻϵã첻Ͳ򣬲£ҶԲ꣬ԲԼ
ʲôԼ
Ҷָ֮꣬ڣǰӡ֮أ˽ˣʱڣӡ岻׼ҶңԼҶѵ鷳
ⷬϵһĹâעҶȴûϻش
˶ס˺ȴŻϵĻشҶҪ˵ҶԪȴļòߵĻ˻ȥ
Ҷ˵Լ첲û˾ûˣϣҶΪԼ£ȥӡˣ֮Լ
ҶԪȻ֪ԼĶ˵ʲô֮ǰҶ˵ڵҶѾȨҲֻԼǿҶҵʲôҶҶվ֧
ּˣѾֵ̿˼㣬ΪһϴӦҶԼôҲ͵Ƿּңּҽӭı硣
֮£ּ˰ַڣûһ˵ġ
ڣջԼĿ⣬˵ͷãҴӦԼ֮ڣϽ֮ص㣬֮㲻ֵĻǵʱҾҪˣ
Ҷصĵ˵ͷҿ϶ȥ
ϵĿڵǸ˵ͣƬ֮ԼĳȻ˰׻ıϣһĻͷ׻һĺУ֫һɫ磬ܿʧ˵ǰ
һߣҶ˺;ŶһǿĸֵĴڣʵ̫˸еѹˣһߣǿԸһˣҶ֮ΣҲʱõ˽
ּ˴˿ȴѾȫۼһ϶ſ־֮ɫĶҶΪ֪ԼȥҪԵľҶλֵıˡ
ҶȴǸûпһԹԵߵȻŶҶǰӲ鿴ǵ
ҶԪȻҶλǰҲΪ˰ҶҲű˶Ͻȥ
ҶȻͿڵϣѾԲѵֵܣǲ֪жԭҲʱûȥǣүүĻе⣬æߵ˵ߣһ֮£ɫˡ
Ȼǳĸ֣жѾãʱ˿̣˵˿һˡ
ȻҶתͷʼ±Ŀĺˣܲܰǽⶾ
˺޷ӦǸûһ
ҶĶźˣһ˿֮ɫʱȴȻۣΪԼ͹ˣû뵽Ӹ裬ɣ


140 Ϊ
˶Ϊʲôúõĺ˻˵ⷬź˵һѾҶ߶ţҶ̧ͬͷ΢Цĺš
ʱ򣬺ȻҶԪһ㡭
ҶϾȻĸֳһжף
Ҷʼմֱϵļָ˶׹ˣҶȻڽڵĶԼգ
Ҷû취ⶾˣҪԼжʵ̫ˡ
֮ôĿģȻҪƺ˳ˣ
Ȼ֪˵Ҷ֪Էڶ֮һȻǼΪľͨȻܽѪ֮ն
Ҳ˵ҶȴԸҶΪǽ֪ʲôʱŻٴαͷųҶܸɴľԼΪۣƺ˳֣
Ȼڷ֮󣬾Ҳסˣ
˶֮󣬺˦˦ԴôֱԶ˵ĸо̵ģƣ
˵֮󣬺̧ȫûֵ֪ܶˣߵȻжδҶ˵ߣһȦ֮ٴλص˴֮£۾һԲ
Ļ䣬ȻֵܶȺķһ۾ҷ
Ȼɫе԰ףڵĶȻѾˣ
ţЩжԵҶҲһķӶĶӵ
һĻ־ϲϲȻ˶ûˣ˼ֱ̫ˣýߣȻͽڵĶˣ
ͺȣѾһ̲ˮö֮ϣֱӤһ
ҶкȻ¶˽֮ɫֵָͷ֮Ϣĵγ˼κˮ뵽˵£֮䣬ڶѾ˳
ȻҶܽⶾ⹦ѨλȴҲ嶾ˡ
Ҷڶ֮󣬺˵ıǿ﷢һߣȻѾһ㣬̲סֿڵȻҲ¶ˣ¶ߣ´ҵҪʲôҳ֣
ʵղҶѾ͵͵ƹһζˣʱ˸ոճ֣ȫһøо֮УȻûз֡
ҶҲûȥˣֻҪ¾ˣֵܵͷλлˣ
˵꼱æҶȥҶԪҲվȻ󲿷Ҷ˶ѾûˣȻʮ˶Ȼ˶޷ĸÿ˵϶ǹ˳֮ɫ
ʱҶڿʼձ䣬ȴûһ˸ߵּˡ
ַףҶݶҧĿַ֨壬֮Ҷ򣬲Ͻּˣ
ȻīȺ֮г˳ͨһҶǰҶ֮¶Ҳ߻ģҲҴϽģе鶼ģûһϵԸлǷҶҵģּ̧֣ˡ
ԭַͬһʬһϺжû˰ĹʣǴ˿̿ԼӵľٶָֻһϢȴȻû˵ֻĿעŹڵϵī
ҶЦΪһĻΪлֲҶҵʧ㣬ּˣҲͷ֮ޣ
īȻһгһذףһҧԼĸ첲֮ϻȥ
ѪĽ֮Уīĸ첲ͺ˼ң˵ϡ
ҶעīľٶȲڣҲֹּҲȫɵˣͬûһзӦ
īԼѪ˿ڣŽϵĸ첲ŵҶǰĽ£ֲҶġ
ţīٴ̧֣ذ׺ݺݵԼ֮Уγֲ룬ޱȵѪĿУ˳
ֲҶҶġ
īذ׵ԼദȻݺݵ˽ȥ
̧ͷīɫƽĿҶֲҶҵģҶּ֪֮£ҲԵֳҶңϣһͨˣһӡ
ī
ַڻعһĳ嵽īߣԼĶӣʹ޳īôôɵôִ£ҪҲô㲻ī
īȫǿһӲŲԼʱԼĸױڻī¶һ˿΢ЦĵĪҪһٴˡ
˵֮ͻȻһ󼱴ٵĴۿǿҪˣȴȻǿĿҶϣܴӦԼҪ
ȻͷβҶı鶼û˿ı仯ȴܵޱȵĳīΪ˱ԼףϧԼʲôԲҶҵ飬ͳһ㣬Ҷʮ־ġ
Ϊ뵽ԼȻ֪ĸףԼΪ˸ףҲԸԼȥȡ֮
Ҷ۾ٴַַ壬֪ɣôһöӣΪһ
ĬĬעīҶſڵī㸸ַҿԴӦ㣬һŹˣͨ˵ݣȥ
õҶ𰸣īЦڶסˣı۾Լ׵ĻС


141 ֿ
ַҲˣǱԼӵʬ壬ɱҶҲ˶īĳŵּ˲ŮףͳͳȥΪǣ֮ڣҶ򣬰ݷǣԶ̤벽
̶һʱ䣬ҶʮּҾͳ˹̣ɢȻҶȻң֪֪ӵ˳ҶҶңҶΨһң
ҶҲȥҶ¡صİˣҲҶˣˣһһͬʣǵ֣ȫԿҶҵ屮֮ϣο֮顣
ҶͻȻع飬ǽҶһε֮Σ
ڣ˶ҶҵĴ֮УעҶ
֮У˵ĿУҶĵλѾҶԪ
ȻҶȴߵ˴룬ͻȻֱֱĹ˵ǰͷ˵ϣԲλ
ҶѾ֪оҲˣʵһεҶ֮ΣȻַɵģףȴԼ
ɱȾôҶҲͲӭյΣգȻЩȥҶҲ
ҶĹµǸ˶ˣһʱ֮Ȼû˸ǰȥ
ջҶԪһϣŭҶվ
ҶȻǿĹڵϵүүҵĴǡ
죡ҶĻû˵꣬ͱҶԪĴϣɱȾΪɱǰΪǰΪ߳жгҪҪйжɫδ֮У
үү
Ҷվȴ˵
ҶԪĴһŻҶҺǰ͸˶˵ˣΪߣôǿⲢǾҪܱ˵۸죬Ȼǣ˶ţ˲ңҲˣǱǣǲҪ£ҪԸ̬ȥû
ǣ
ҶԪⷬɹɢҶͷ֮ϵƬÿ˵һεѪѪ֧ΪҶҵ׳Ϊǿ󣬶ӵķܲȥŬȥƴ
ãǶˣϽȥϢɣ쿪ʼµһˣ
ҶԪζĻҶ˶֪˱ˣʵ֮£ûܹȥϢģҶԪ˵쿪ʼµһ졣
󲿷˶뿪ˣֻʣҶԪҶֵܣҶźֵܡ
ҶԪ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫϾѸߣ־һս񽻴֮£ƣġ
пЦһԼˡ
ҡҡͷҶԪα֮Ͽ˿ҶҶҸôߣ
ҶҶԪȻʼռ޵ĺǵҶʱ˿ĳΪһλĸ֮ʱȴе㲻š
ҶңȻ˳ĸ֣ԼеǸϣһ㶼ңԶˣ
үүԼѯҶûʲôȵĵطٺҵʱѾһôˡ
Ƭ̣ҶûлشүүĻǿֵ֣ܵܲ鷳ϸ˵˵ǰζԸҶҵģ
֮£ּıӡǰףӢȫˣǾźҶԪϽû뵽Ӣ壬ȻΪԼĶӺҶС£ϧҪҶң
Ȼûпǵһλ㲻Сĳ˵һӡļ壬Ҳֻһ΢飡
ڣȻӡѾʱ˸ôҪԸȻӢˣҶҪʵ
ֵܶ˶һۣϲ¶˿Цٴϸ˵ܵ
˵֮½ŵĳ֣ǲ²ӦͶ˲ģ԰һ·βǣһ׼Υ֣ҶңҶҲɷŹ
̲סʵλ֣е㲻ˣǼȻΪӢڵˣֹΪ֣ô˶Դأ
ǿЦŵ֪ʵȻӢڵˣ˵ˣǾʳͶѣҲǱ֮¼Ӣڵģ֮ҲȷʵΪӣǽҲصΪӢЧҲӢڵ׼û뵽
Σ
Ϊ˱Ƚգϲ˲ţȴҲ㣬Ը˳ȻǽԴϲ㲻Ը⣬ôòģҲñ˵õڲϧɱ㡣
ǵ彻֣Ķ֣֮£ǰֻ·һǼӢڣһ
꣬޲Ŀ࣬λӢʵǾﵽ˼㣬ǾţֵܽӴʱ䳤ˣۿĹĶԴүġ
Ҫ֪Ըӡ˶̲ˣ˵ĸˡ
Ǽˣ徹ȻʼնûŹֵܣڲֵпΥʱ򣬲ϧɱǣʵ̫ˣ
Ҷо˸Ѿ⣺λ֣ӦñҸ֮ƢԲưոݣҺ֮䣬ȻǸݵľ棬ǶλҶо֮ҲǼм䣬ΪѣԣҳֿǣҶң


142 ج
ֵܲû̸ǵĻش𣬶ҶҲ֪ʵ֮ˣȻ飬ǵУӢڣȻһԸĸ飬ҶҲûмʣֻǺúϢߣκεĲ
ֵܵ뿪ֻʣҶ˺;ˡ
űҲֵһ뿪ȴҶԪҶӲȻŲҶˣͨҶҵľٶҶ¶Ѿ˳һ̸κҲҪܻˡ
˵ĿⶼҶϣȻҶҵΣѾõ֮ĵľҶ֮ľôΪ˳ĸ֡
ЩԼ׵ˣҶȻҲԥĽԼһ·ľȫ˵˳ͬʱҲŵĻŽүү
ҶԪ˼ʲôţӹ֮󣬽ǲݲݿһ飬ͷŵ˱ϣ΢ŵ֮ɫ㣬Ѿ˳
ʵͲҪٶʣʵѾİǰҶѾ볾ڿ¶ѾûҶҵĴˡ
ҲҶԪʱ飬ԼʮӣȻѾһλĳĸ֣κһʱ֮϶޷ţС
Ҷɫĵ˵ͷүүѾ۳˳˳

ҶԪ³һȻȥϣ΢΢۾촽ĬĬ⶯ţƺ߶ʲô
ſ˴ڳ˼еҶԪһۺ󣬶ԼľƺһھƣȻЦеʵҶͷǱ𣿡
žŻ£ȻһͳǺƺڻӦŵһ㣬ŵþæͷʶѵġ
ǱޣʵҲֻ߲ͣȻſţȻ˵Ķ䣬žȻݣȻĲ
ҶЦЦȷʵǱޡ
֪֪ͷﻹа㻳ɡ
ˣҶԪӳ˼лعȻʲôǸǰ˭Ϊʲô˵ˣ
ҶһֱæŴҶҵ飬ûʱȥǸϸѯʣֻܿЦŷܵҲ֪˭ԷģȻƢԸеŹ֣ǺѷǵС
˶ϽˣҶĻشڷܣڵҶɲǵҶˣȻ˵ô˸ұԹں˵ʹ˽˹ȥ
ʵÿеɻֺֹֻкһ֪˿϶ҲǰʣԸɴһʡ
ҶԪˣҶˣ㣬úϢϢɣʲô˵
뿪ҶվĵҲš
֮ҶڵΪ˱ŸңĶѾˣ㣬Һҵļ˿¶ڻ֣֮ԣˣ
΢΢Դһ˫Ź۾Ҷ˰κͻȻҡҡͷȻٴſ˵ϣ
жҶȻ˼¶ЦݣԵĵллˣѣ
Ҷ仰΢΢ѿͬһֳһЦݣ
Ҷû̻ԼСݣǴŵֱ߳ҶҴţŲԶ֮Ĵ֮£ǸƺͰȫһû˿ı仯
ˣĺ̲֮סַ˵ͳĺǻɫĳëǸֱȼŵĻһ㡣
ȻڵУһ޴в
Ҳתͷ˵ֻü˶еµıޣû¶κεη塣
Ҷʱˣ
˸ƵվѪֱð֪нգҲŲȥʲôأ

ʣҶԺ֮вֳħһԼǶλѪ֮еˣܶţ֮Уžļϸ
ʱҶ仰ûϸȥ룬Ϊ޴𣬶ں˵ĿоȻٴˡʣһ̲סѿʵ֪
ûлش𣬶ߵҶǰͣ
˽֮£ſȥȹҪµԵøҶȴηĺš
˵¶һɭɭЦݣѹ֪֪νҪҪ֪ҪεĿͷУΪⱲجΣ
ףɭĻҶһ˿⣡


143 ˵Ŀ־
ⱲجΣ
ʲô
ʵڵõѪ֮ǰҶ˵Ϊ˵־أط־ģľأֳΪ졣
ֻǣûκ˻κ鼮ܹ֤ʵĴڣԣڴ˵֮С
ȻڵõѪ֮ҶҦɽҩ¯Ľµ֪켶¯Ʋϣھ֮ϡ
Ҧɽһǿ켶¯˵жûгֻ֣Ǵҩʦǵ֮УΪ챾һ˵
ͨͥѨ֮УħĿˡ족˵Ѫеоļϸ
ҶʶֻǴ˵ʵڵĵطΪʲôعĺ˵ԼⱲجΣ
Ѫʮ
ҶĿз߶⼸ͻȻ֮䣬һеˣ
;ģһϵľ죬һǵϵʮƺһֶĹϵǲǾζţõѪˣͳΪ˾ĵˣ
Ѫ֮йѺǧħΪѪĵˣǾӵеʵ֮ǿ˵
ιʱ䵽ˣһȥˣ
ʱ˵Ҷ˼
Ҷ̧ͷź˵жǿ
˵һ˿ȣȻû뵽ҶȻƬ̵ʱھͨһ⣬ȴ¶Цݣ˼Ҳ֪֪Ҳ㣬Ϊûʸ֪Ĵ𰸣
ͻѪҶȴȻԭأͬһһһ
˵ǾӵĻûеŭǿҵ𾪺ͺ档
ԼΪĸ֣ȻʾжǿʸûУǾʲô˲ʸأ
ǲͬүү˵ĳ־ʸˣ
̶̼µʱԾΪĸ֣ҶеССĵ⣬Ȼһ̣˵ĻȴݺݵĻɢǵ⣬һε˾֮ܵĸܡ
ҲӼᶨԭȵ뷨߳ȥúÿһ磡

һƬŵ磬׵ƲʣͬһڲͣķӿţγһƬƺмһԲεˮ̶
ȻһɫĹˮ̶ͻأðҫ۵ĺСգ֮Уһ췢Ҵһӵߣն˫Ŀ΢ա
üͷ΢壬ſ͵ʹߺڣ
ƺ֮ԭİͻȻֹţһһƲʷ˳ڿѸ۳һɫľ޴Ӱ׿׼ף߽ʮɣϥƺ֮ϣڣ
Ѫ˼ȻѾ֣ôҲʱǵʥͯˣ

һ紵޴Ӱ˲ɢ»ƬƬƣƺ֮УҲָ˷ӿ֮ơ
췢ߺȻ۾ֱƺ͸ǰǷ·޾ƺƺ֮ããδ֪֮ء

ŵҶڻصԼǼСݣõſ֮Ҷ߽ӣƶûе㣬ںڰ֮УϸŽ췢һУⲻһ¡
ԼͻȻðǹɲĸоԼںƸס죬ԼûдͨӿȪѨԼٶȣԼûмʱϻôҶѾˣ
Уڰ֮УҶ۾ɢž⣺ʵߣҲԽԽǿұҪ취ȱ֤ҶҵİȫȻĻҶ޷ģ
βܱ֤Ҷҵİȫأ
õİ취ĪھҶҵʵܴȵȻ룬ܶ༸ʮӡĸ֣ҲҪùھֻүүһʮӡ
ʮӡҲ뵽ܵģԼȫΪѪ͡ѪսĹٶȣǾ㽫ҶˣûѪİ˵ôҲ̫
ҩأҶͻȻһ԰ûʲôҩܹ˵оߣ
뵽ҶæҦɽٻ˳
Ҧɽ˳̴֮ڿһȦ֮ϲԼͬ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˵ı飬Ҷʵʲô
ԼţǵѪ֮иоһǿҵ𶯣Ӧַų˭˰ɣôûпأ
ҶЦŵأҵȷִͨѪͨεȴе֣ηų˲û̳ǶѪ֮Уնǵȵ֮š
ҶĻû˵ѾҦɽżĴˣǲһ£òˣǳö
ԣôʶ
ҶȻ֣ǰĸ˵ɫɲ֮䶼ò԰ޱȣ۾֮ж¶һĿ־塣
Ȼˣǲʶ൱η壡


144 ħ
Ҧɽ˿ĭȶһ˵ˣӦǶħ
ħţҶǴû˵뵽Ǽһڶµķ񣬵ǵȷʵΪʲôô
֮УһһΪУȷʵһܿµ飬ǼȻѪƽѵܻ򶷣³޲ɣ
ӿЦŵ֪Ǻܶ鶼ǲˣֻҪ˵֣뵽ǾͻĵӿֳһĿ־塣
ҶתһºԼеˣѪе˻ǲܶ飬ᵽħ־Ǹе־壬Ӧǵ˵߼ʶĳЩΪЩΪǵ˿־ӡۣȻǲãȴȻܹܵǷݿ־壡
ɴ˿λħںܾǰȻһλŷɥļһ
ˣҦɽԼԴħеҩʦƷ׾֮ϣӦרҩϴβ涾Ľⷨû׼ܹ֪
ģҶ۾ʱΪ֮һͬʱҲΰ˽ⶾ֪ĶľҲڶϵ裬ܹ֪֮Ľⷨ
ܿҶȥΪԸʵ̫°ˣҪʳʲôǲܵ¡
ҶʱתͷһѯʵģҪҦϣûʲôҩܹ߿У˵ӡ֮ģ
ҦɽܿͷУӡ𵤾Ϳԣ̻֮һӡһһֻܷһΡ
Ҷ۾ٴȻܹӡĵҩȻֻһΣҲ㹻ˣǶھӡ˵ӡ𵤸ޱȣϾֻʮӡ۳Ŀܡ
ҦϣӡǼƷҩ֪𣿡
֪Ҧɽ¶һŹֵɫӡһƷҩ
ʲôҶŵʵ˱ĵҩһƷ
ǵģҦɽ϶ĵȻӡ𵤼Ϊ󣬵ƷӣֻĲϽΪңƵʱ伫ҳɹʼͣ˵ɣ㹻ĲϣҴҲҪһʱ䣬ɵĿܹƳɹ
ҩƷ׻֣Եҩ߲ϵĺûΪ׼ӡ𵤵ıֻӡ˵ܹӡ𵤵ˣǳˣӡ𵤶Ǹá
ټӡƵʱʵ̫ɹֵͣҩʦԸȥƵģƷֻһƷ
ΪʲôҪôʱ䣿Ҷʵ
ΪϣҿԸ㵤һƷϵһԼһǧ
Ҧɽһֲϵ⣬ֲϵ۵㶼ǳߣҵһյĻҪһʱܽȫ
Щϳ⣬𣿡
ǧҵ㣬ĵǶңôѵӡ𵤣
Ҷ˼ĵͷҦϣ˵ҵ鼶ƷôЩϵĻõʱӦò̫ðɣ
۵ߣͨĻ˵ģʵӢڵĻ׾Ƴһӡ𵤣ķ֮ãҦɽĻһ͹ˣΪǵĻƷײͬҶƵĻȷ˵ʱ䲻̫ã
Ҧɽһ֮ԳԳԡ
ãҹȥ򿴲ϣڴ֮ǰһٶƵҩģǮ˵ɣ
˵ϣƷϵǼ۸񲻷ˣҶڽǮѾԽԽ˽ˣɲٳֹҩʱľ״ˣ˵ڵҶھҲ׽⣬ԼʱҪΪǮˡ
֪ӡ𵤵ĴڣҶ΢һ㣬һת󣬺ȻЦݵĿǰĸλһи֮룬֪λܴܲӦ
ĸͬʱ˸һҪƵĸоȻĵлֱ˵ɣ
Ҷе㲻˼ͷҲǳˣҲˣҶҷǳǣҲûղʲôõսԣλĻܲ΢ָһҵս
ʵҶѪ˵ݣѪ˽ս֮⣬˾Բ᲻̵ģҶѪˣûнǵԼūͣǽǵѣȫƽȶԴĿǿǣȻĻҲò˼ˡ
ĸ˶Ҷ̬ȣе˾Ⱥůͱ󣬿ȫͬĸо
˶һ֮ϲ¶ЦݣȻͬʱ˵ͷԼǣеȲĵָ㣬ҵսΪţ졷ôǲǸоʮ㣿


145 ţ
Ǳս֣Ҷ˶ǿбס˴Цĳ嶯ϳ鴤ļⲢûǵ۾е㲻ĵֿ˺ܾòģߣǼʶһ£ǾЦˣʩչһɣ
Ҷæסʵʵĳ֣Ȼ״̬ǵܹ׵Ŀ𼸰ٽصߣҪǾʩչսɵƻ϶С
ǻȥɭְɣ
˵߾ߣĸϳҶӰ֮ѾԾҶңûκ˵ע⡣
ɭֵΧȷʵˣҶʩչ
ǱһӵڿʩչȻҲ
裡
һţ֮ǵıǿ֮ɺɫỤ̃һŻȵ֮ڶɲ֮䣬ǵǱһȻǴһȦ߸߹𣬳˱֮
ˣţܹУֱţأţСԣţ뺣ţ죡һУţأ
һ𣬿оȻһɰˣڵȻըγһССĿӶ
ڶУţСԣ
Դ£˶ţǶȻǳֱ࣬ӵֵ˵棬ȴûв룬ķ񱼣ţڵϾȻŨҵĻ𻨣ӡֱӳȥ
Уţ뺣
̧һ棬˺Ȼ˵£̸֮߸߹һߵСͬʱţ죡
䣡
һľҹ˾ɭ֮ȥĵը˿ͬʱһŨŨĺɫ˴г
Ǵӵ˳ԼţǣԴĳͷôЦ˰ɣ
ʵսʩչ֮󣬳һ֮⣬ûʲô̫ƣ汻ըǸӶҲֻֻһѡ
ҶȴԵĴָȻţ죡
Ϊֻ״̬ڳĶǸ֣ҲʩչսĻôƷԲ֮ڣһĺõˡ
õҶĿ϶ȻѩҲЦŵͷǣսȻ˫Եİ֪ƷǶ٣
սк֣ܶԣҲԣһսֻһֵһԣҶġ𽣾ǵһԵսԼƷԽ࣬˵սƷԽߣԽ
ţ죬л⣬أȻӵлԡ
Ҳǫĵ˫Ʒ
ƷƷȻֻеȣȸ½֮ϣȴѾǺܸߵƷˣȻĿǰҶһ㡣
ҶɻԼǿʼϸ˽սҪת·߷
һҹʱܿȥҶҲѾսûʩչһ飬ͿԶһɫӰӣգۼԼǰǵ
ʵҶղ뿪ҵʱ򣬵Ҳ׼ģҶҶҵİΣ⽫¿ңڿͻȻﲻȻһòǼֳʲô˰ɣ
ҶæӭǰȥǣôˣҲøȡ֣ɴԺΪ
ҦɽҲԽȵĿͶ˵ӵĿΪȣΪˣĺøС
Ȼ֮ǰҶļˣоȻǲͬ߹ȥúøͷк
ڳҶ֮ˣû˿ĿĿɨǰĸһۣ͵ͷȥҧסҶĿţʾԼȥ
Ҷĳ˹ȵףȻԼȥ˵϶ˡ
λȻѪ
˻شҶѾѪȻæںǵҶҷɱȥ
ǺҶٶȶǼ죬ȫ֮£ӾѾصҶңȻŴŽգû˿ļңҶ˺ɣǣ׳ʲô£
ҡҡͷȻֵͷʾҶԼֱӷǽҶңҶȻ
Ҷ֮ҶӿԿ϶ﲢûгκ£ǺΪʲôἱԼأ
޵̱඼ҪߣȻû¡
ںѾһſͣҶҲ䷿ӦֵܵסһѲֵܳʲô£
ҶţǺȴѾһŽŸ߿ҶЦҡҡͷ֣𣿡
ʱѾȥҶֻܸŽȥԼĺûеõӦѾµӦûˡ
ȻڿһˣϰһţдšҶĸ֡
ҶˣӦֵ뿪ˣǷˣԼæϹ֪ͨԼ
ĺǵԴˡ
ҶĴ֮󲻽̾˿ڻӢڣ𣿡


146 ֮
ֵܵȷǴҴ֮ˣܲ֣֮ǲԸӢڣһ˿ңΪƭǣھҹ֮ѡ˲𣬾ȥʸ
ǵѾ޶ˣȻɱǣûȴˣǻȥܷŹ
Ȼֵܶ˵ѡҶҲ޷κθ棬ǸǻͿԼ컯ˡ
˵Ƕһȥ϶ͻҶҵͷϣرԸ񣬱ȻԸҶңҶҪ취Ҷҡ
ոմΣ֮нѳҶңɾһεĴˣ
Ҷҵ飬žȥҶԪˡ
ҶԪſ֮󣬷ӦҶȫһΪֵܶ˻ȥǱˣҲʼӢڵıˡ
ʱ˽ү˵ı飬Цеĵôһͳüģʲô˲ɣ
ҶԪû˵ֱӽŵ˹ȥſ֮ȻҲˣƬ̵ҵи취
ʲô취
ҶԪˣܺӢ࿹⣬õİ취ݱâλĻҶʱȵҾȥȻҾʵӢڣǺôҲλ֣ټҶͷ޵ĻֻҪɥĲӦòȥ¡
ŵİ취ү˶һۣ˭Ҳû˵Ϊе뷨ʵһǾǲԸȥ
Ϊ˶ܵ˶òԼļҵܵȥѰӻʵ̫ңҲĸҶԽܡ
Ҳ֪Ǻ⣬ԲûϾܾƬ֮ҶԪ̾˿ɣǣ;ϵȥţڼš
ҶȴǻȻ̬ĵүүﶼȥģֻҪһڣ;ԲκַҶң
Ҷһ˵ĻԼҶңϵүүµˣǹ䣬ȥ۸ˣȻȴΪ֣֮˴۸֮
ҶԪȻ΢΢һЦ˵һ仰ҼǵúҲҸеԺ
ʲôҶһ㶵
ֻսܵҶңûҶң
һ仰ʱ˵ҶƣղеŭҲתĵͷүү仰һԶס
µ񣬾Ҳ֪ү˵ִƢǾ޿ܾټǰˣֻܿЦҡҡͷҶ׼ô죿
ǰӢڵʵΣ
Ӣڴǧ֮ãʵȻͬСɣȥֵܲĻĸӦûˣȻֻʣˣ˷ֱңǺͰĳǣʣǣҲӢڵܲˣĸӦҲǳ֣˵Ѿչʮ֮ãͲˡ
һ֮оȻܹоλ֣ǿʵѹܹǧ֮ã
ҶȻԼңǹҩʱλҩʦңǵĳǲǽлף
ԣô֪ģ
Ҳ˵ġ
Լҩ飬Ҷһ͸¶ȥ
Ҷ룬Ѿ⣬ӢԸҶҵĻֻҪĳֲˣҶҾһƴ֮
Ϊϵ;ţҶͬҲλ֣
ٶĻǵʱֻмϣڶħˣȻҲ״̬ǱǵҪǿˣΪ״̬ɱˣȴɱΡ
үүߵƤڲڣ
ڰ
Դӷ˾ţ֮ΪҶһ·֮ҶԪͽƤΪʵûоٲüһ·ˡ
Ƚü·
ҶԪˣҶѾһôüƤȻˡ
ãȥȡ
潣ϣʵûΪãҶУʽķӳ˳
ޱȵƤ潣Ľ֮£ֱǱֽһΪɵľͱü˴Сͬ顣
ҶԪ˷ܵ˽Ƥȥ·ͬʱ߶ţһһ̫ˡ
ӣȻָľҶҶˣүӵĿУȻҶıӣǲûкӵԼŮ
Ҷ΢΢һЦүүǰҳȥһˣһͻ
ȻûȥѯҶ٣ֵݣȸ½ȥˣ
ٳ֮ǰҶȻˣԼĿռ䳾н͵ҶԪ;ŵǰͬϷһĳһѶ
үүǺƸĽ͵ģŴɣ
ǰЩĿҶԪֵ֪Ȼƣüͷɵ˼ƽôôصأպݴǲû


147 һ˿ϣ
ҶûֱӳȥȻ˴Ҷķ䣬ԥһ֮󣬲š
Ŵ򿪣ҶҶ΢е㾪ȵЦܣôˣ
ҶҡҡͷʶɨҶִӻȡһҶе磬һ£Ӧӡˡ
ûҶӦҶѾǰʧˡ
̯ԼУһŵתӣǱޣߵ
Ҷиһů⣬ȻҶѾǸ߸ϵĳĸˣǲΣȻԼĵܵܣ
뿪ҶңҶҶ򣬿ʼĹҩģҪڶʱƳһЩҩȻǮһΪҶҶ׼ǮҲ׼ӡ𵤵Ĳϡ
ڶҶ˵ûκο˷ѵʱ䣬ΪӢʱпǰǵʵּҺͻϿҪǿֶ̫࣬롣
ؼ֮ҶԱչΪڣԼʼƵҩ
ֵ֮ڻصӢڣԶԶϤׯԺ˵ӿһɿɬ
ſڵǣæ񣺡λǰ˰
ЩڵĵͼӣȻʲô֪ȻͬһԴֵܡ
ǵ˵ͷڣ
ڡ
ֵܶ˶һۺ߽ׯԺĴţֱȥ
⣬û˽ȥ洫˳ʦ֣ȷǸ˾ݷҶҶҵҶ
ǧȷ
ͻȻҶֵ֣ܵ͵һͬʱҲ֪˵Ӣڵһλҩʦף˶䣬ϸš
Ȼû뵽ֵܻʱ뵽ǻ͵˵֮޹˼ɣŵԹĿʦ֣ô㽫Ϣң
ͷһֵҩ͸Ϲˣ˵ҲûʲôɣҪ£ĻҲںʱ䡣
ĺһˣҶҹѾˣ
׵Ȼ˰˶ȣʲô˼
ҶСӣڲǰ˲ŵϼһ˵ǵʮڶŵӣҵթֵǰȥʵĻȻˣǼٵĻҶңҶͷң
ǣѵֵѾҶˣ׵͸һ˿
ָǣߣһֱͲص͵͵󣬶ǰҸոսӵͻϢѾҶʲôڵŵӣҵֵӦȥҶңһﾹȻ⣬ǵҶ֣Ҫȥ֪ͨҶңǸϽ뿪ҶҾֻȥҶңȻҲ˳ɱֵܣ
ڣӦÿҪˣ
⣬⡭
֧˰죬Ҳû˵ĻΪǲ֪˵ʲôˡ
ڴ֮͵ֵܣ֮ⷬ˫˫۾бŵһ˿ϣҲ֮ԭԼֵܶصΪӢô꣬ͷȻβ㣬ҾȻҪɱԼˣ
ƺе㲻ͷĵɱҲɱ˰ɣҲȥҶңǸҶҲ϶Ӣڣߣãһ˰ˣӢڵòģκҲõֻ˵Ǹҩʦеͷۣ϶ҶҵˣȻҶҲĬĬˣ
̾˿վҲûˣһңˡ
ϴβӡ𵤣ѾͻƵ˾ӡ취ܲƳĺӡЧƵĵҩʮ֮ǰһҪ۳
εĵ֪ˣҸˣ
ҪߣֵҲټ͵ˣҪ֪ҲѾ֪ˣȻûбҪðȥˣղתܡ
ȻѾСˣоţʱȻĶͻ׳һ̴һʲôˣ
ֵͣԽ·Ӣȥ׷ȥ֮Ҳ˻ɫĽΧ˹Ƿ˴룬ǾȻһ㶼֪
⼸һãȻˣûаղ뿪λǰ
仰ɫȻˣһУһͻһֻӥצץסǸ˵ֱӽൽԼǰĵղߵºǣ
ѾŵɫҰףﻹ˵óֻƴĵͷȫ⵽ô£
һʹֱӽȥ߰׿⣬עֵܵķɱڵĵȻûѵʧˣˣȥҶ򣬴һҶҵʦ֣ʱҲȥˣĳ˵ĻʱҪӢ֮Ҷң


148 ¶һ
ҶԼڷ֮ʱ䣬һҩȫĹˣõ˽ٿŵһƷҩȻȫǼƷס
֮ǰƵĽٿţܹİٿŵҩһǧļ۸ĻǾʮ
³һҶȥֱ˵ϡ
߲ݵĵҩҲееƣˣֵƳ㹻ĵҩҲҩ֮˸ӷḻľ顣
κһҪɵĸãҦɽҲ¶˾ģȵҶпյʱ򣬾ҪʽʼƶƷҩˡ
ˣڸȥҸطЩҩˣȻϽȥӡ𵤵Ĳϡ
ҶһվǰװƿͳͳԼĽָ֮У˳ȥ
ոճҶĶͲ˶üͷҲ֮ΪǰԺ֮ȻУʮֵ֣Ӧкܶ˾ۼ
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Ҷæһˣѯ֮²֪ԼҩЩҶҼûжϹˣŶҪ˲ˡ
ԭҶǰĹȻʱû˸ҳ֣ȻеĶԶԶ͵͵Ŀ̣ǽ´˳ȥˣݷ֮У˶Ѿ֪¡
ҶѾǳֵϢųһɽÿһλߵĶ䡣
Ǿڵ棬һϵҶҵľݷ֮࣬ҺҲ׷ǰȻҶҵĿοʣʵĿȴΪҪһҶ
ݷǴСʮûгֹĸ֣ҶȻѾΪ˳ĸ֣֮࣬ȻҲе㲻ţеԭǻҪ֤ʵһ¡
ֻҶһֱڱչҩҶȻҲΪЩȥЩ˺ܸɴĶƤסҶңмҶͲߵľģ
ǰ֮ҶеЦãҲܹ⣬һ֮гһλĸ֣ԼҶұȻҲˡ
ȻҶϲͷ¶棬ĳϣҲΪԼҶҶݷǵĳÿǣԼζҪۼ
εҡҡͷҶŴȥ
ζҶҵ£Ϊ˱ʾԼӺأ峤ǰΪʵڲ̫ҲֻɶʮˣԳЩ峤ܹ⣬Ǵ˶ֻʱš
֮УҶԪ;֮⣬ˣڶ·
ʢڳ֮ʱܼ֮⣬Ͳ֡
ڸ̸۵ʱ򣬺ȻҶ˺ү
˼ͬʱͣʮĿҲȫתͷ˴֮⡣
ҶЦݵĴ˽ͬʱΪλǰԶҶδܼʱݼʧˣ
Ҷĳ֣Ҷƺɲ֮˾ֹ⣬˵ĿⶼۼϣƺҪǲͬ˵Ѿǳĸˡ
Ȼ۾ڳ˭ҲܿĳƬ֮ŻعԼͬļæվҶѡ
ҶҲѧŵүүǵӣһһ΢Цŵͷ
ЦǺǵĵҶ֣̫ˡ
֪֮䣬Ѿı˶ҶĳƺΪھŵĿеõ֤ʵҶȷǳĸ֣Ȼҵˡ
ҶҲûпȥЦż˵Ҹղ˵ˣλΪҶ֮صظ˴壬ҶʵΪҶҶס죬һе£Բܶλˣб
ٴε˵ͷҶүү;գգ۾Ȼתһ˳ȥ
Ҷӳֵ뿪ܹᳬʮʱ䣬ȻһЩе㲻죬ô˵Լ˾Ϊ˿ҶҵģȻ϶˵䡣
鲻죬˭Ҳκ飬ȻҶӰǰʧ֮󣬵ĿкȻһ
˼æ࣬ȴ֮ɫָŵ棡
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нӡǴСǼ࣬Ƕʯеǳñ׼ĳһ˿
һλ峤Ŀɿڴĵ⣬ѵǸղҶҶүһһģ
ʵԣǸղҶִ߽߳ȥʱµĽӡ
ʯ½ӡʵʲô£ڳв˶ȴûһˣڣɵÿӡĴСǳ˿ˣ
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Ȼһֵ¶ǶҶĿǰʵ֤ݣнӡڳ˵Ŀ̬Ȼű仯
Ӵ֮ݷǵĵһңԽҶˣ


149 ֻ
Ҷ뿪Ҷ֮󣬲ǳĳһʵǲԸ뵽ֽʵĳϣԲ֮£뵽½ӡķˣԼȷѾǳĸˡ
һ˶ҶҵʵκεĻɣôҶҶݷǵĵλҲ϶ȶûгһλ֮ǰǾܹġ
ֽһ׮⣬Ҷ㣬Ҷ֮ңǵķ򼲳۶ȥ
ͬʱӢڵׯԺ֮У˫ĿһƬͨ죬ҪһΪɳȥ̽Ϣ˸ոջĿǰҶҵ
ȻˣȻû֤֤Ҷ֣֮ȴǺԥĽҶͷϡ
ֻͨĳ֣廹ôߣҩʦԼҩʦңӢ˵һ൱ʧʹ
ԭȵļƻҪӢҶңڵõȷеϢ֮ԥˡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪҶʲôʮӡߣһλĸ֣һһλֻʮĳ֣
Ҳһλʮĳֵĳ֣ζʲôκ֪ҶڵĻԶ᲻ϧһд£
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˵͵˵ҶԪĵʮ֮һڣ׵ӢʮΰٴΡ
ټλ׿ʮƳ磬ǵڻûгֹҩʦˣ֪ԼҪ뵽һһʧܹ֤ҶߵļƻֻҪҶˣȻκεĺˡ
õĳ֮ڿڷȥҶҺҶйصϢסеһϢԽϸԽãҪ֪ǵĹϵҪ֪ÿһ˵ϲ񣡡
ˣֵܵ䣬ҵǣɱ⣡

ʮ뻮һ
ʼڴڵĻʱվûʲôµĻһȻңˡ
ͷʦ֣ȻȥɣҪæűչҩˣʱ׼˵һ̸Ϲ
׵̾˿Ӧһ뿪Ӣڡ

˰ʱ䣬ҶѾվң⣬ȻѾ֪ӢϽ£϶зգһҶҲûܴܲһЩйӢڵ飬Ҳո˵ȻѡԼƵĵҩ
߽ţҶᳵ·ľŶȥûȥǼ鶦󣬶ҵһҩȻרҩĵط
ո߽ţлӭλӣʲôҩֵҩӦоУֻ벻ģûǲġ
Ҷɫĵȿ
ϣ롣
ʮĴҶڵ֮תϸΪÿֵҩá
һȦҶˣǿʵǵƹ𣿡
һﲻһ֣һƹǶǴԼæͷڰƹݣ͸ȥ
ҶȴһסţҪƹ̸Ļҽȥɣ
һ㶺ͷԵȣȥʡ
Ƭ֮ҶѾݣĶһֺߣ̵ƹ
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ҶҲϻֱӽѾ׼õһżȲ͵ƹǰŵҩֵǮ
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һʱҶ˵סˣתһ룬ƹ˵ĵҲʵ
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򵥵˵ңǸ߱˸ߵĹ
֮Ҷ¶Ц֮ɫԼƳЩҩȻмУȥ
ҶӣƹȻҲ֪ʲôЦЦүָ߼۵ҩĻҵǿƼһط
ʲôط
˵ش֮ңԯУи¼УֻҪǮͿҪһжȻҲӵеһж


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ԴҶңҶ̬ȣǼΪԵģǳϣܹΪ˼Ҷߵλҩʦ顣
ؼǣͨǴҶ߿żȲоУһЩܾõ⣬ϣлܹλҩʦһ¡
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һҶĹϵͳ˵ˣȻҲʲôˡ
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׵֪֮ǾΪһˣλκξԼʵûиȨܱѾԼܹļˡ
׵Ļƹеɻ󣺡ʦ壿Ҫȶð
Щ飬ҲøƹĽͣڰֵʱ˵ƵʱȻơ
뵽Ҷ飬ûҲʧȥ˼ʵȤе˲վæɣûʲôµĻҾͻˡ
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ʱһӦòʮˣ˵ҪҩһóһżȵĲ
ƹĻû˵꣬ͻȻ;ǰһѾԼǰһ˫۾˵ĶԼǸ˽ʲô
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ҩȻû֪֪ȥˣ
ҿʮҪҩԾ͸ԯǵ¼Уȥˡ
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˰֣ת뿪˵̣ű첽ųȥΪѾҲҪ̸ԯǣܲҶ
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֪ĻԼ³ƾͺֵһˣ
µ񣬻Ѿ˲ôˣΪһҩ֮ҩʦ˵ҩҪѾԽһУ
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ԯǣҶ̲סп֮ܵĸٴȻ֮졣
۴ĸȽϣԯǱݷǿʮֹ
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ħߣ̣ȸ½֮ãͬȾħߺ͵߻ǷĻħߵʵҪ֮ϡ
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ԭҶǲֵģ˵ĶԻȴǴĶ䡣
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Ҷĳ֣ȻΧֵ˾ǰһΪζⳡֽӵľʣǸ˵ɫȴǶȻһԵһɱ
˭Ҳûע⵽Ⱥ֮Уһ֮ɫĺڿͦҶʱһ̶¶һĪЦݣͬʱҶɰû뵽ﾹȻ㣡


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ݶ֮Ǽϸ΢ŵĽŲĴҶĶ֮С
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Ҷչٶȵʱ򣬺ȻԼȻҲȻ棬ⲻȻʧЦ
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ͨ㣬ҶЦԷǣԼ飬ҹĸŲɵô·
ȻˣҲûбµ˷֣ɴ¿֣Ͼ˶ʮӡĸ֣ҿ˵ӣӦǵˣѣ
ȻɫӰٴԾݶ֮ϣǸҲǴ𣬸һǰһݶ
Ҷеˣ⵽ô£ôԯе˶ôŹ֣
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Ǳĸˣһ·ԯǣ˳ǽһҰ֮УһɫӰͣΣתȥעͬͣµˡ
ЦĿڵ¼ȻԼҳΪβĿң
˶˵Ȼ˫ȭһɸ͵Ϣڿ۳˶ĸͷһһ͵ֱӾ˿˹ȥ
ҲǺʾ˫ֱַ̯һһҵٵתʱС͵ֻ֡
˴ʮԶһϣҶ˵ĳ֣ЦɽӣһΪһѡô򵥵սû뵽Ȼ˺һ
ʩչҶƿе򵥵սɽӣ
ͳһ㣬Ҷӿһ˿øУȻҲӱĹע˵Ĵ򶷣˲к˵ĻԼͳȡ
ȻҶüͷͻȻһšĿͬһ㣬˺ԶһݴԣﾹȻһλʮӡĸ֣


154 ˼
һһĻ˺ͺͬΪʮӡĸ֣˭ʤ˭˵һĻ˾Ǳذɡ
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ΪԼɵʱ򣬺ڰ֮УͻȻһҫ۵Ļƫеô˳Ӱ֮ϡ
һϺɫĻײӰͬʱȼӰĿжʱһҽУǰͷȻҲ֮ͣæҵҪϵĻ档
ͻı仯˺ͺ˶΢΢һ˺ܿ췴ӦڰԼЦ벶ȸں󣡡
Ҳع˫һƣɽǽӲĽ˼һ׿⣬Ȼת嵽ԼͬߣԷȼŵĻ涼һѼס壬ٵгȥ
˱Ҫ׷ϣո̧Ųȴַת壬ĺڰ֪λǰȣһ
ղǵȻҶģڵʵ׵ĽָͨѨλ֮еȥ
˵ԥһ֮ҶͻȻһĴ֮һ֪һֱβԼǸܡ
öԷһϣҶܹô׵ߣЦһһֱӵȥӽӿȪѨͬһɫһɲǼѾ׷֮˵󲻹׵ľ롣
ҶͨӿȪѨٶ֮죬سĽɶ׷ϣ˵ܵļһˡ
ŶԷƴӴܵӰҶЦһ˫ſٵһ̲ˮһٴμ٣Ȼ˶Էǰ
ͬʱһ֮ȻվһӰϡ¹⣬Ǹĺӣʱ˫ĿԲɣüͷ壬ĵ⣬ⲻƶô᣿
ܵӰͻȻǰһ̧ͷҶȻǰŵͣסΣ͵˳ĿҶȻû뵽ҶٶΪʲôô졣
Ȼ㣬Դ¼ϿҶеƿͽָ֮Ͷ֮ģ˸ҶҶסȻԼҹ˾ıƺ
ֻǻû֣ҶΪ˸ղǸ˶ӣȻľҶô뿪ԸɴҲһֱβ档
ֱղţʶҶǵϺɫĻ⣬⣬ټ֪˵ݣȨ֮£ʱȷŹҶתߡ
Ҷ٩֮ɫĿһϣкһߣ
һתû˵һƿǸҲ׷˹
˿ǰΣüͷһ㣬ʲô
㿴ˣǿ˾һæ˹ȥͬʱ֮ɫĪүһǱ𣿡
ң΢΢ü̧ͷ˿ԶҶʲôӻֵ㵽ôڸϽ߰ɣ
лĪүߣ
ЦͬʱʾƵ۾Ҷ֮תߡ
ҶֹȴλĪүԼգգ۾һʶĪүӦлҪԼ˵
ȻȵӰѾ֮ŴߵҶǰһĪɽղӦþ̨Ȱɣлˣ
ʵĪɽﻹе㻳ɣΪҶʵ̫ˣֻгҶ֮⣬ǲǷֻŵȷҶ־Լ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˹ֵҶĪֿˣֻԶٶѡ
ҶֿĽӦòԯʿɣ
Ǵģ
ûŪĪɽĵϸ֮ǰҶ׼Լ˵̫ϸ
Īɽܿٴգգ۾ЦŵҶ֣һΪ¼жİɣ
Ҷһ΢΢е㾪ȣ֪ĪɽôģûпڣֻĪЦЦ
ĪɽȴԹԵ½͵һˣϿ϶β̨ܱϵĿ꣬ϱȻźöҶΪˣִźöôԯǣӦҪ¼㶫ˡ
ʱҶľѾû뵽ĪɽͨԼ̸ƶϳԼĿģܵ˼ǿϵԼ簡
ôĪɽʲôأ


155 ʥͯ
ĪɽȻǼΪ̸֮ˣҶ˵ĻᣬȻԼϲ˵ţ֮ԸղߣСҶ֣Ϊ㲻Ķֻ֣öԸʦֺʦȴǼΪѲ֮ˣʦҶҲǾԶ֮ˣҶûǲҪ
ˣϻ˵ˣҶֵľ֮ûҶʲôҪֵĻ쵽¥ȥұ֤Ҷһļ۸һеҪȥиˡ
һ˵֮ⷬĪɽҶٴι˹֣תȥӦǼ׷ߵĺȥˡ
ҶĪɽʧķĪɽͬڰĻϲɵ¶һ΢Ц
ĪɽӦǸ˼ļһ
ȻˣҲûÿˣҶȻֻлؿջϢȴ֮ȥǸʲô¥ˣ

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С껣иżȵ˵ֻҪ£ƾȬˣι㡣
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ĳּΪѵľһգкûнذ״ȥĲص£ڳ
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½껵¶һͷϵĮЦݵ֪ʲôʥͯ𣿡

Ҷǰ㽨ĴϿŵġ¡֣૵ĵ¥ӦþˣǸĪɽҲǴﱻ˽гȥġ
ҹĪɽ뿪ʱĶҶ¥̧ŲҪߣոߵſڣͱվ۵סվס
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ʱиͺҶСĻһȺ˵Ĵӵ˹ӵ۾ʱһЦĳ˵ͷӣ˰
˵ͬʱһֻҶȻ뽫ƿó·
ӡΪʹ˳̵ҲƶҶ벽
ףСӣǾƲԳԷˣϽӵ·
λѾߵҶ󣬿һĻʱüͷһ壬˵Ÿʲô㽫СӸߣ
ǣү
Сӣ˵أϽǼү·
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һҽУ󺺾ȻľƤһ˳ȥ


156 ֽ׷ʽ
ԼӣȻľ׼̬˳ȥӵˣ
һָҶСӣôĵӣ֪˭𣿸㣬뿪ԯǣˣҴ
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ڶԷĶʵ̫죬Ϊ̫߳࣬ԼһȺڣȴûһܹӦġ
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ĪɽĶĪɽĻһȺ˻ӣɫ̼䶼ֽͬһ㡣
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ȻûпĪɽĳ֣Ҷȴ֪Īɽ˿Īɽ˳ֿĵǸҶҲˣֻЦŵͷĪˣ
ĪɽתȥٴοǸӵӽ쿪ʼԶ׼̤¼к¥벽
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ҶѾϰĪɽƵ˵ʽˣȻ˵㣬ص⣬һϸ
ֽ׵ķʽҶǱȽϺڶ֣ΪɳĻ֮УûлӴᡣ
ԥһ£ҶʵĪ֣ʵҶһϲͨһЩҩ㿴ֽ׷ʽȽϺأ
Ҷᾭ黹̫٣ʳ⣬˵ĻԻᱻƭĪɽ
ҩҲҪʲôҩˣɣһǵҩʦҩƷףȻٿַʽҶֿԷģҿ϶Կģ
ĪɽҶ˶¥һ侲֮Уһλ׷ͯյҶṩŵҩ̧֮ͷ¶֮ɫȻֶֻͨһƷҩÿֶǼȣλѣֻ𣿡
ҶһӣƿڷߵǰİٿţȫһƷȣ
žһ죬ŵһŵҩϣԱվŵĪɽֻһͷĿѣ˫е㷢
İٿŵļȵҩ˾ò˼飡


157 ĪɽĽ
Ҷ֣ܲðһ䣬ЩҩǴģĪɽ˿ĭΪѵʳ仰
ݣҲǼˣǻĴûмһŽİٿһƷȵҩǰ۵
ȻҶ˵ԼƵģֻʼһλҩʦƵģĪֿԷģЩҩ·
Īɽ߶㶣ظһ飺Щҩǳһ֣֮

ĪɽȻҹǵϺɫĻ⣬жʱðһԼ޷ŵͷѵ˵ЩҩҶԼƳģ
ɲκ߶ʩչģΪǳߣұӵлԳ߳ģ
ͨ㣬ʵĪɽ뵽Ҷǳĸ֣ȴǲԸʵΪԼʮ;ʮӡѾ˹Ϊš
ȻڳһͱҪᣬȴѾ˳Ҷе㲻źͲƽ⡣
ڿİٿһƷȵĵҩԼղҶӦǴӿռ䳾óƿΪϵһòϣҶȷӦλߣһпλҩʦ
ڵȷӵżΪӴʵⲢǾͲҪҩʦҩʦݣﶼһƳģ
ֻĪɽȻһ벻ͨǾΪʲôҶóеĵҩȫһƷģȫǼȵģ
˵ҶǾҩ֮ŻܳЩȵҩΪʲôȫһƷûжƷأ
ȻĪɽԼҩʦСûٽӴҩʦҩʦҩƳİٿŵļһƷҩôӦýΪƷҩʦˣȻҲӦܹƳƷҩ
ĪɽֻΪҶĶƷҩȻڻ֮УȽһƷȵҩóۡ
׷ͯյѾƿееҩ˳һſŵһ̧֮ͷĪɽͷپʮţͣȫһƷȵҩ
ĪɽĿҶ͵ҩת˼Ȧ֮Ѿ⣺Ҷ֣ȻҿչЩҩһǽѡڶַʽ


ǲܹߵļ۸񣿡
ǵģĪɽصĵ˵ͷҾԻܸļ۸ҪߵĶ࣡
ҶڵȷҪǮĪɽĽģЩҩܹԤڵҪĶǮĻǲҶҶܴĪĺô
Ҷ˼ĪɽֵҶӦûвμӹɣͲμһμʶһ£ҲһЩ벻ĶŶ
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ĪɽЦҶַģҵģԲʧģ
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˶٣̳ŵҳõĲϣƵĻ˵İٿˣµһҲһܹƳʮǿģԣҲƲ⣬Ʒҩʦ㣬ܿܣֹƷ
Īɽ˳˼֮У룬ѵԼƲˣҶҩʦҲԲߴƷ
ô˵ЩҩĲҶƵģ֮˿϶Ҷϵǳ
̳ȻүҶ죬ʵ㲻ЩҩȥΪȻЩҩȷǼȣǱϾֻһƷûʲô˻򰡣
Īɽ¶ŵЦݵʦ壬ֻһţʮŵĻ϶ǲˣǱ˸ղҩʱķӦİٿţİٿŵļȵҩ˾޴֮£ҩļֵͲҪˣҪƵҩǸˣʱЩҩȥļ۸񣬽ԶԶҵ󣡡
Īɽ̳ⷬ粢ûȫе壬ҲûʣΪĴڶ˾֪ģȻĻôܷΨһĶƿظ֮Ӵ¼أ
Ҷ뿪¥֮󣬲ûлؿջųŴȥΪٿʱ䣬ҶһʲôΣգԾɴ༴̸ϻҶң֮
˾ԲڵģϾ֮ңҶ˵ܹҲͰ˸ʱѡ
߳ԯǵĴ֮Ҷ̾ͼӿԼٶȣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿʮ￪⣬ٶȴǺȻΪѾоԼһ͵͵ĸԼ


158 󹥻
ҶʱȻæҩûרĵȥⲢʵûб仯
ΪġѪսĹΪ棬ҲᰴչҪѭﵽʵĿġ
ҩĹ̵УÿʵҲḶ́رʶȲţˣʶѾţҾǰҲ˲١
Ȼ˵ڵʶܲ鿴ʮ֮ΣʶǸΪӵа˵еĸйоȵȣ֮黯ʵ۳εʵ塣
Ŀǰ˵Ҷ뼫»кԶ·Ҫߣĸоȴ˲٣ټ֮˱ֵľֻڽ׿⣬ܲĵֻ޷̽ԷΪ
ҶԼӦþǸ㣬ȻԼϵֺö
²ԼѾŹΣȻϰݣôҶȻҪһ̵Ľѵ
֮ҶԼٶȣͬʱҲԼǰķƫƧĵطԾȥ
֮˹ȻҲ֮ı˷򣬶Ҷװûз֣Ųæĸ·
ǰ˼ʮ֮֮ƺʧȥ˼ٵģתӿٶȣҶٵĳ˹
ҶвһЦԼˣǳˣ
֮Լ󲻹֮ңʱҶ˫Ȼŵһ壬֮Ծ𽫽ߣڿнԽ׵ľ룬ֱӳ˶Էǰ
Էװ֮Ҷһ㶣ȻԷźڽסףԷΣ㣡
ͬʱҶﻹһ˿ɻǾǶԷΣԼôе죬ƺƵģ
ܿ˿ɻͱҶ׵˾⣬ΪһҪ⣬ǾԼʶ쵽Էϵʱ򣬾Ȼһɹ˳˵˵ʵԼֻ߲ͣ
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ҶûӦŵ֮ˣԼȻѾ֮ԼôҲ͵ϮԼ
ʱȺѾ嵽ҶǰҶҲûʱȥϸ룬һ䣬潣һ̷֮Ⱥ⣬һ֮
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潣һֱӳ˵Ⱥ󣬺Ȼը˿
ƴСĻͬһ㣬ɲǼ串˷Բʮ֮ڵĵ档
ǽӴ˻󣬼˲ͻһ̣Ʈɢ˿Уֻת֮Ѿһ룡
һĻҶвһϲǻԭÿԶԸЩȺ
Ҷսʵ̫ˣȫǸԼյսäĿı𹥻ȸû뵽սĿ⣬񿴵սȻЧԲŻоϲ
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Ȼ˵£ȻԼٶǰţΪҶĸо֮ϴ𶯣
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Ϊսţ졷еһУţ뺣
ҶյĻǷǳţ뺣ڲƻ£¡
˵¶֮ɫĵղǻԵսԵսһﵽʲôˣСС볾˵ҾȻʩչȫͬԵս
䣡
һƵľӵ´޴ıը֮£Ǳʯҹһһֱﵽ׿Ĵ󶴣̳ա
ҶӶԾȻղڵսе
˺ڽ֮µ¶һ˿ζЦݣͷ֮ϸֳһֻƴСĺɫͬʱ˫ͻȻͬһٵķ

һҶǰƾճֻͽӽߵľ󣬻ĽΧ


159 
ҶԷԴֵֻ֪ĳҳ鶥Ǵﵽسĸ֣вһԼӦòǶԷĶ֣
ͻȻ䣬ҶǰһֻѾ״転һ㣬Ȼ˹ٶ֮죬Ȼ۾޷ϡ
鼱֮£Ҷ˫źȻΪ˿ʱ˻һŻӰֻΧ֮£Ȼͬһֻ֮䣬ͬʱ潣ָӶž󷢶˹
潣ϻ䣬ָָ֮ǳָһޱȡ
ÿӶһΣϾͻһ̡
Ϊʵ壬Ӵ۶ɣĻڹƻѪɵĳ档
ȻȻڷķҶĲ֮£ǸҶı߶մֻаķݡ
ģֻ֮ԽԽ죬ԽԽ࣬Ǿ޴ҲԽԽС
֧ʱȥֻѾȫĻ̣ɢ˿С
ҶһϢ䣬Ǹ˳˹ȥ
Ȼʱ˶Ȼ˫ֵȵȣ
˵Ҷǰ͵һ𣬾ȻӲɲסΣ¶𾪺ɻ֮ɫ˶Է
˵Ҷˣ¼֮ǧﴫķʽԼǸˣ
ԼȴָԼͷƺҪɱԼⲻҶӿ˼ɻ󣬲Ȼҷɾ裬潣ŶԷ㵽˭
˲ûлش⣬Ƿʵײ˭ģ
Ҷ΢΢һû뵽Էʳ⣬ԥһµһλǰҵģ
λǰʲôʱģ˽㲽֮⣬˵ʲô
˾ͬղŵľһƺһʳһ⣬΢Ųв˿ǼΪͽţ
ҶüͷҪšһˣзĥı仯ͬʱҲڿԼҪҪЩĴ𰸡
ȻһѳϵĺڽԼʵĿ¶˳Ҷ̲סгȻ㣬ᣡ
ǵҶңʱץסǸС͵ֻǴҶҲ뵽ôױԼץסС͵ԭȻһλز¶ĳ֣
ŽƵ¶һЦҶ֣˼֮ǰƭ㣬ģҾûж⣬ܲ鷳Ȼشҵ⣬Ϊ㲽ǸˣʧѾõʦų
ںƭҶûзϣֻǾ𾪶ѣǷȴҶе㲻˼顣
Ȼ̬ȺܳϿң¹үүҶҲ֪үүһΪǿĳ˱ûȫźĻ
ԥһ£Ҷ֤ȷǸ˵ĺ󱲣ȻҲġ
ἱץӵȷһֻ
Ƭ֮󣬺ͻȻҶͨһ֮ɫֻҵĳ֤Ҷ֣ҡ
Ժ¹Ҷı𺳵ˣ
κһλ֣Ǹ߸ϵĴڣںᾹȻΪ˴һ˵ϧԼϣ
˵˶ǼΪҪ
źעƬ֮Ҷĳ⣬̾˿ᣬվɣҸ㣡
϶ʱ¶ϲɫȴȻûվҶ˵
Ҷûվ˼ҲͲȰһ˼㽫Լүүǵľϸ˵һ顣
Ҷʱ򣬺ϵıҲŷ仯ʱˣʱʱ𾪣˵Ȼ°ߵʱ˫ȭգǼΪķŭ
ҶһпҲźĻˣȻ˸ۣûнүүԼǸַԼж˵
ȵҶ˵֮󣬺˰βſڵҶ֣ǿܷҿ
Ҷûκԥת䣬ǿѾ֮С
Ҷеƣ촽˼֮ͻȻͷǰѾ˵֮ϣҶӺݼ
ĻһشһݺݵҶϣһʱ֮ûκεķӦ
λĸ֣һվһ򣬾һƬ֮С
òҶŻعָź֣ʲôŪ˰ɣ
ľǱľ߾ΪҲ˵ˣԽģ˵϶ļ̳ˡ
ҶֻԼԴ֮Сˡ죬ȫ˻֮У


160 Ⱥ
˰֮ãҶ˹Ȼƶûбĺᣬᣬԭԭĸң
ڱŵλ£֪鲻̫ࡣ
Ҷ̲סһԼĶͷǳؾĸˣȻλ£ǵλߵ˸Ǵﵽʲôľˣ
û£ͼ֪˵ɣ

Żվ·ϵĻҳûȥģͿʼΪҶйүү
ȸ½֮ϵңССܵǧȻħޣ޺ͷ޵𣬵ȴһЩǳȻ֮ϵġ
˵ǧ֮ǰһλȸ½ʷƷ׵ľƷҩʦΪҩɵĴȺڣ
ҩʦӵгȻݺ͵λҩʦеţΪߣҩ֮ϸܱȣĴȺڣʱֻҩʦ
Ȼҩʦߣλ磬ҩʦĿУֱһĴڣ˵ɣֻҩʦϢ֮ȸ½ϵҩʦﻹ˼Լǵλֱһ㣬ȫԴҪȺڡ
˵ҪҲܸߣ˱ҩʦ֮⣬ҪƷƷõĻԲҩٸҲš
Ⱥڳһʱ䣬Ѿۼ˽λҩʦ
λҩʦʲôһ
λҩʦɵɣһʲôĴڣ
κߣʲôΪ磬Ҳҵҩʦ
ˣȺڵλͬһһ֮󣬾ͳΪЩ֮õĸ֮ϵһȻĴڣ
ȺһֱչȥĻȻԽԽǿ󣬿ͻȻһ죬ʧˣ
û֪ȥǻֱ֪Ҳûгֹ
һɲһĵǾͽΨһĶӣλá
ȻĶû丸Ƿ켫ҩƷҲǸߴƷټ˼֣Ⱥڵǲû˥ܡ
ϧǣĶӲ֪˭ĻȻϵ˸µĹأʼոߡ
ģȺڵԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽӣֲ֮þӪûãھȻң̣᲻֪ҵĽǲҩʦ뿪˴Ⱥڡ
֮󣬴ȺھͿʼ˥ˣүүһʱ򣬼Ѿʵ
ȴȻû˸СƴȺڵʵΪ뿪Щҩʦǣ״ӣ뿪ʱԣһܹľҵǣҩ֮ϻǣôԸٴγɽ¸Ⱥڣ
ȻʱѾȥ˽ǧ֮ãһͻƵܹӵ꣬ڳ֮ϻи߼ĳ˵ܹǧ꣬ټҩʦͨҩҩԼٵҩԼ˶ţЩ뿪ȺڵҩʦȻֻǲ֪Ӷѡ
ҲһֱΪԶӵȺڵϣֻȴҲûгֹһҩˡ
ʮǰһҹһȺͻȻңɱ龪ȸ½ĳǡ
ȺڵĵȻܲΪһұֻºʬʱķʬ壬Ҳүүġ
ˣǼ˲ûҿʼȸ½֮ѰҴ˵Ϣ
ʮȺڵĵӺҶĿУһε֪үү䣬Ҽ˴ŴȺݵľ֪ĵļˣ
֮Ի϶ҶүүΨһԭҶʩչĶƵһĲȻԼᣬǿʼѰүү˵ʱ֮ھײϸĸʩչ֮ʱĴΡ
ϾӶûмүү˵ʱʧ֮ʱոճˣײҲǱݵһַ
˺ĽҶٴ뵽һ𾪺ͻҵ״̬֮Уʵڲ֪ԼүүȻô֪үүȻὫŴȺݵľ͸Լ
ͨһЩ飬үүһٶҪܺľүү°ĺعǳʵԼʵǿʮ֮һڶ޷֮Ტ۵ı
ῴҶڳ˼ҲҳţֻĵһԵȺţòҶѹæǰ
һھͱҶִϵ֣ȻľҲһͨˣʸδȺڵ˵үүǿ϶ţټǵʱҾͻὫľǣǧٳƺΪˡ
ǲУȻľϣǴȺڵӶϣȥһǴȺڵĴӪڣϢ֪дȺڵĵӡ


161 һ
ҶȻ˵ҲǳңǳʮҶң˵ʹȺˣ;СҲ޷ᲢۣȻ޷ΪȺڵӣΪԼľ϶ԼΪ
Ҫ֪ɵĴУȺǧ֮õĳɣֵȼΪҪʦؽ̸ʵ֮ϵĵ±׼
ҲڵĴȺУΪҵû䣬Ҫ뿪Ƕλµĵ˵Ⱥڵĵһ쿪ʼѾɵ˼ң죬صΪ˲Żľٶ
ҶȻЩȴ֪Լ϶޷ı뷨ˣֻȺλȴζ
ɣ֣ҵʱ㲻ҪκΪʵߣҪ̫֪ĻҵǻľҵĴǳټүү䲻һжĵҵ֮˵
㶺ͷеհԶĳԶģݣҾԲߵڶˡ
ı֤ҶһҲȥԼĳƺˣȻһ¾뿪ˣպҪҵĻȥݷҶҶңǣ
ἱæںסҶӶߡ
ҶԲ۾Ҫߣ
ҵǴйϢȻˣֲܻڸԡ
Ҷźᣬĥź˵ʵڵҶңĺҪټϺ᳣⣬ȸ½ĸ϶ҲǼΪ˽⣬׼ǧԼ˵ߣܹʡٵ鷳
Ҷ˵ͷã͸ңƺҪĸģֱӽְɣ
һʱ¶ϲɫȴҡҡͷӲңӸɴƺΪɣ
Ѫ˶ҶҲ˳ƺҶҲͬˣҪԼǰҪôƺȻʵ̫鷳
ȥģ
Ҫؼһˣߣ
Ҷķٱȥ
ʼʱҶԼٶ̫죬úϣϾسĽɶԼٶȣǽͷԼĵĴࡣ
Լٶ˼£ҲɵĸԼߣⲻе棬̲סѯºᣬõĴΪȷǳأΪĳǴܵصٶȿ죬ٶȱͬҪĶࡣ
شҶֶ˽˵㳾֪ʶԭԣڳ˵ĳЩʵҲżӳɵá
һ·֮ϣἸڻشҶĸ⣬û취Ҷݷ֪֮ȻΪ㣬˺ǰͨļһȻŹˡ
ȵ˻ĸʱϵҶҵʱҶ֪ڵĴں¼еĲͬĪɽԼ²¥ٵҡ
ʵĪɽݣ¥ڵһЩ˶ɲ¥ٵң֮ӣ
ԶԶĿҶңҶвеţԼڵһһҹʱҶֻᷢʲôʡ
ſɨصЩǣҶľͷ
ҶңҶֱ˻ûȥ洫һԻһоȻֵܵ
ֵܲŻתӢڣչȥ죬ǾȻֻˣȻѾõҪĴ𰸡
Ҷͺԭ˵ĸ˶ͬʱͣ˫۾ȻҲ˺ϡ
ȻҲԼʵΪǹĸҶߣȻҪټٰߣ˺׾ҶԪ˲Ҳλĸ֡
ΪҶԪһӣֻӡ磬˿ĸ֣ȻҵɻĿ⿴Ҷʾһ¡
ҶҪúҶңȻҪҶҵ˴ùϵԵͷүүʶѣᣬ֡
ҶΪһ¾ˣ֮ǿǺԼĹϵҲǴˣҶ˼æһһ
˿ҶҵǸҽΪ޷Լ۾ݷǼ֮У˼һӶһλ֣ȻССҶ֮оȻ;ۼ˰Ҷڵλֺһͷޣ
һУȻȫΪҶҶλ꣬ˣҪǴȥĻˣ
ȵ˶ʶ֮󣬾̲סЦҶҶÿγֶľϲǿҲһϲˡ
ŵĻҶתͷ˿е㲻˼ԼֱӵֵܣȻ仰壬æվߵֵǰһҾףϿҵĵӭλҶңӴ֮Ǿһˣ


162 ս
ֵӢ͵ͻ׵̸֮һ˿ϣҲ֮𣬴Ӣ֮󣬾Ϳʼĥúȥδӡ
ȥջǾҶ룬Ҷң
һҶǵľˣҶҲǱҲ֪պҶǰ;ܹߣմ⡣
ʵֵҶҵ飬нǷǳġ
κһʵ޵ģҪչ׳ҪǿʳͱҪܵЩּԼ֮С
ҲΪʲôǾŻǽɣԼҶλֺҶϣܹ£ҶΪԼһӡ
ֻ£֣ȻҪ൱ĴۣҶҵĲȻһֱҲЩסҶңǸģԼ׽⣬ﻹȥЩ߸ϵĸأ
ڲͬˣҶ򵥵һ룬ȻֵλԸҶңֱϵڱҵĻǴڱ
ȻҶתź֣պûʲôµĻҲסҼҰɡ
ûκԥĵͷӦã
е̲סһۣʵ벻ͨΪʲôӦ˸ɴʹ죬ҿҶ
ô˵λĸ֣Ȼ˼򵥵ľͼҶңҶҵļҶԪϻοͬʱҲе㻳ԼǲΡ
һ˵䲻ĻڵľţĻҲҶҵĶˣ
ҶԼҲǳһΪҶҵʵȻҲȲӢں޵Ҳӵ˺࿹
ҶҲû˶ģΪѾ¶˾ģԼ뿪Ҷ֮ǰ˲׳Ҷҵʵ֮⣬ҲҪܵжҶвǱڵˣ
ȻڰͰʵʩԼƻͬʱҲҪԼøӵǿ
ֵܽ͵ĶԻϸ˵˳Ҷ֣ȥ˵㣬ûǰ̸ֻ֪ƺҲûȥ㣬Һԭ£ġ
ҶһգȻܲ³׵ԼӦΪԼ߿żȵҩֵûĶԻȻĻԼҪ˽ԼΪʲôеҩˡ
˵ĿⶼɻĿԼæҡͷ˻Ҳˣô
һҲǱӢڵģĵزҩ£̬ӦҲǷԸǵġ
֪ˣˣλǾͰǼסţҪʲôܿڣ
ӢҪԸԼҵ飬ҶѾ˼ƻûҪȥˡ
֮ҶźᵽԼסתһȦʵҪĿΪһµϾպҪסҶңбҪ֪Ҷһһֻǿıޡ
ʼվְڷ֮ĺǿҶӭǵԴҶܵͬʱҲݺݵĵźᡣ
ῴǣ̲ס˫ȶ£ƺʮ־£Ҷе㲻ѯʵ֣û°ɣģǲṥġ
εЦЦȥðĺû£ҪҶԹèǰ֮߰ĶȽη壬źҵĳйذɣ
Ҷһ֮󲻽ЦηĶȷˣֻû뵽Ȼ˲Ӱ죡
ź˷֮󣬺ĽŲ֮ʧٴβ˲иһֱҪ㡣
ʰɣ
ĳʲôʲôԵģ
ʲô
ᣬû˼ֻǽں֮ʱҷȻܹͬʱʩչȫͬԵսʮֺ棬Բʵġ
˵ģ⣡
ȻֻһʣҶ֮ȴ̻һ磬һ˵飡
үү˵սǾ߱ͬԵģֻΪﵽ˳۳˳ܽս󻯵ʩչ
սǺĳһµģǻ棬ôȻԵսᣬĳȻֻܵ󣬵ǴܵԣȻҲԵս
ֻ֮гսһ£ôսսӳ
ҶȻ֣ԼѾս𽣾ţ죬һǻԣһ˫ԣ
սԼĹвûие˿ĲʣʩչҲΪˡ
ȻԼĳһƬ󺣣ˮԵİ


163 ˮ
ԭҶû⣬쾭ɺһʲͻȻӦԼսȫͬ
Ƭ֮Ҷѯʵ֣ҵĳӦʲôԣ
ȻǻԻԵĳ
ûпˮԵأ
ȻԹˮݣˮԵĳȥԵսˣҲûʲôĳ϶ˮԵģ
ҶЦһҸ㣬ҵĳˮԵأ
Ͷʱŵ˼£֮ɫ⣬ҿЦɣ
Ҷ̾˿˵ʵʵҵĳһֱмɻֻʼҲĽ͡
Ȼ͵һİƵ˵ˣɲǻս֣ƶˮԵս
仰֮󣬺Ҷͬʱסˡ
սˮȫͬԣӵˮԳҶȻܹ谭Ľȫղʩչʵе˰ɣ
ҶĳսĹϵ޷κνֻͣʼҲҪ̫ˣʵǳ֣ӡͨǸ߲ʵĴڣʵˣеǱˣЩ벻ͨҲģʵĲϱǿһ϶кĴ𰸵ģ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ˵Ķԣ
ʵҶǸŵÿˣ벻ͨ໨ʱȥ룬һ˳Ȼ
ˣҲˣɣˣٶ
ʲô
ʵս̫٣лĻһЩͬĸдд裬еʱ򣬾ʵҪ
ϸĻһ½ͺĴ򶷹̣ҶҲʶԼȷ̫ȱʵսˡ
ȻƷӦö̫͵սӵӴ֮ȴֻļвУ͵´ڱս״̬ռȻȷˣǻʤĹؼ
лѣ֪ˣ
ˣǵиˡ
뿪֮ҶٻҦɽˣԥһֽ֮ħҲٻ˳
ͻȻֵҦɽ˵¶η֮ɫҴ
Ҷʾ˲ҪôţͬʱڵЩҸǶ˵ˣٸ˵һ顣
֪㲻һ߿ңû취ѪˣҲԷģҲǿʲô£Ҳϣ㲻Ҫ鷳ĻôֻҪпգҾͻ͸͸ĻǶԲʹѪô
ζ֮ɫĶҶ˰΢΢һЦã
ɻɣסҪ뿪ҵԺӣҲҪ˷ǵĴڡ
ҶԴ򿪷ţ˺Ǽ֮󣬲Ҧɽһ뿪ӣڿʱҲе⣬ĵ
ûпȻͬϴһԹԵߵԺΨһһôȥ
Ҷ˵˵ͷתݣԼ
ʵս飬Ҷ׼ȵ֮ٿʼڻŬͨѨ
һѪ֮УѾͨľŸѨλ͵̿ʼѪϿյҶҲֳǸѪɫӰ
ѪɫӰҶоǼһλһȻиС
ҡҡͷҶ񣬿ʼʶĴ߶̽Ѩλá
Ȼ̽ѨĹǴҶõѪͿʼˣҶҲ֣ɹԶе̽Ѩֻ̽ѰͨѨλѨѨѨλһ̽ΪѨѨǳҪԱҪѰǵλá
̽ѨĹ̺ǰȫһûʲôֻͬҶҽȫУΪԼ̫רĵĻܻܿʱ䣬ʱֵҦɽǸ
ʱҶԺ֮еЩľ׮֮ϼϰơսϾ̽ѰŶѨľλá
֮ҶɹҵѨľλãҲˡƶһԿ߳ʮ˲
Ҷȴһεķһ⣬ƶǶ
Ҷѧʮʱ߳ͬˮһ㣬֮Ȼڶʮ˲֮Ժ֮оȻ᲻Ծĸֳһ档
һƬͬ޻һѩ׵ƲڿɵƮţƲʵƮܾȻĻḡֳһŵˮɲǼԭģһֵĸо
浽˾ûˣʼҶΪԼĴǽʩչ˶֮󣬶ȫһģһĻ棬϶ⲢǴ
ֻΪʲôĻ棬ҶͲˣ˼˺ֻܾܹ֮ΪΪײˮԣʩչʱŻˮĻ档
һԿ϶ǾͬԼյĲһͬǲģ
ԼԤУܽһ˲ȫѧĻǸˮ棬ԼӦûһЩµĶ


164 ǹ
ҹҶź뿪ҶңԯǸȥ
Ϊֵܵļ룬ҶҲǰҶҵİȫˣȻҲ˲٣һ·Ϻͺ˵Цԯǡ
ںĽ֮£ҶҲ˽⣬ֱ֮¥
ԯΪȸ½Ÿ֮һĸǣټϱħʮڵڳǹӭ˷ٰͣᣬȻ˲ǰ
ʱ¥ѾͣŲٵĽͨߣƥԼһЩι״ҶûмĶһЩϡŹֵޡ
ȸ½֮ϵߣүүЩԼܹշе֮⣬ǰԶ֮أ϶ѡĳֽͨߣٻͬҶ˫ȥ·ġ
˫Ÿ·һٶҲһͿ졣
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165 ڱص
ٶǧѢͽѣ
ƶѾĿҶԺ֮ˣΪе涾
ԭҵ涾ĽҩҶʲôϣˣȻû뵽¥ϾȻаٶۣ֪Ҷʱĵļˡ
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166 Ʒ
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ҶҲע⵽˻ףڻףȻӢڵˣֵ˵ҲǷԸҶңĵزҩҶҲûʲôУ񿴵ȻŬĹԼĵҩвһ뵽һ⡣
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168 ǵ
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ЦŵͬϲͬϲĪ֣»и֮롣
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俴ԱߵҶͺˣеԥĪɽŵλҵѣʲôֱ˵޷
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ҶͻȻת䣺Һ壬ӢھƲԽѻһҶˣǵУȫڻֵһ֮䣡
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һ֮ʱȻղŻʹĴӦ壬ҶĻ˵һǽͷݣı߷ıߵˣȻΪԼĺô壬պ϶ҲΪҶ
ǻյľܾȴ֤Ʒȷջ֮£Ҳٵ顣
ѵôˣӢ֮䣿
Ҷ̾˿ҺӢ֮䣬˵ǲݵľ棬ڻףʱ˵ɣϾҲ޹֮ˡ
ҶղŶԻ˵նʵΪ׺ԩ޳ҲûаԸҶңҶɱġ
ԭطһ֮ҶͺҲ뿪˴˶¥ľҡ
ҵĴųĪɽĪ죬Ҷ֣ͬʱվ
ĪɽЦŵҶʱ򰡣ںͽ˵ҵľأ
ҶæڰֵĪ֣ɱЦˣҲֻʷᣬҲֵĻĪֵı£ҲܻΪġ
Ҷ֣ɾͲҪˣ
Ҷͺ֮ĪɽĪգգ۾㣬鷳дһҶֺѣȥҶȡƱ
ȻʲôˣղµǸٶǮûи
ĪɽڰֵˣǸٶ͸Ҷֵˡ
ǿɲУҶվ޹»ƽҪĪҸǮ
ʲô޹Ҷ֣ѵΪҵֵʮ𣿡
һ仰ʱͽҶҭסˣȻ̸棬ҶƱĪɽĶ֡
ĪɽЦ߳ȥĪЦеĶɽĲΪ˸Եһ裬ԶһݵҶǰҶ֣Ȳ衣
Ҷæ˫ֽӹĪĪ
Ī˰죬ҶҲûܽĻ˵ȥΪԴ򽻵ľʵ̫٣֪γƺĪ硣
ĪͷЦɣҿӦñСĻͺ߸ɽһҽ㣬أͺҶܰɣ

Ҷ֪˵ʲôһԵĺȴԹԵĶ豭Ȳ裬ͬʱ̲ס͵͵Ц˻
Īǿ
ˣҶܣ˰
ҶԥһµݷҶˡ
ݷҶһûȥأҶܣûʲôĵطлĻȥͣ㲻᲻ӭɣ
ĪһһҶܡޱȻУ̸ֹ֮ҲǼΪ⣬ƺǽҶ˵ܵһ㡣
ⲻֿ֪ĵ⣬ȴǡܹҶеĽġ
һᣬҶȻ˳Ļ̸
Űʱ֮ĪɽЦ˽ʲôأĵôģ
ĪЦеĵûʲôܵܣƱ𣿡
ˣҶ֣Ʊÿһ㿴
ӹĪɽݹƱȻҶѾڼƣȻ̲ס¶һЩССļ
ôɴûмôǮ
ˣȻҶ͸¶ļȴװûпԹԵĺŲ衣
ȵҶƱպ߽֮һӣһɫĽеٵңҶǰµİٶ
ղżƱʱҶڿԼȻڿУȴû˿ƣڵ¶˷ܼ֮ɫ˫΢Ľӹ˽У


170 ٶ
Ҷڰٶ̬ȣٴε˸е˲ͺ棬Ī̲סʵҶܣ㾿Ҫٶʲô
Ҷûлش𣬶Ǵ˽Уڷһɫ˲Σǰٶ
ϸӣҶŽеһλѣ涾϶ɵĶΣڵϦֻзֱҵ涾ĽҩȻпƳܹǻ϶ɶԵĽҩٶ弫󡣡
ҶĽͣ˲ŻȻ򣬶ĪɽҲʵҶ֣Ȼҵ˰ٶⲢǽҩ
ֻ֪Ҫ˰ٶȫԸҩƶϳҩƷ
仰˵ģ⡣
ΪҶ仰֮гԼҩʦӦûǺܸҩʦܹͨҩƶϳҩƷɲһҩʦܹġ
ʵǻҶҶĿǰҩϵ裬߱ôǿҩ̵ѪеҦɽ߼ҩʦ
ʵȻǲ֪ˣ˵Ѿ϶ҶҩʦһһλƷײ͵ҩʦ
ĪɽĪһۣԼͬĵ˵ͷںǿסļﲻ߶ŴȺڿʰԻˣ
ĪɽҶ֣Ȼҩʦ˵һ˵˵ҧУôʮ֮ڣӦþҵҩ㻨ʱȥƶϰٶĽҩֱȥٶڵĵطѰҽҩ
˵ҦɽҲ߹ҶҶԼҲ֪
Ī֣֪ȸ½ô󣬵ܹҵٶ˵һ룬ҶͻȻס̧ͷĪɽˣĪ֣ٶԭȵ˭Ǵɵģ
ǺǣĪɽЦŵͷҶҲ뵽ˣȻܹɵٶôȻ֪ٶط˻ûߣ¥й涨͸¶ԻҶԺҹȥһ¡
ĪˡҶеĵ
ȷ֪ٶأôȥѰҽҩԶԼȥƶϽҩƷҪݵĶࡣ
Ƭ̹ĪɽѾҴһȻȴһ˿ݣüͷҲǽšһ
Īɽı飬ҶʱһĪ֣ѵ˵
ǣĪɽ˵ˣֻطȰҶ֣ûǲҪȥˡ
ҶһΪ⣺ʲôط˵ȥΪʲôҾͲȥ
ðɣҾ͸Ҷ֣˵ٶɽҵģ
Īͺ˼ͬʱһҶȴãȻ֮ɫ֪ɽ
ɫصɽԭɽΪʬ̫࣬ɽϹ죬겻գĹ˵ĶԱٶֻǿǽɽģн޳ء
ȸ½Ȼ˹ĵطҶһ㶣ʵȻˣǸôܹɽҲɵ˰ٶأ
ĪɽЦŵãȻһλ޴ʦ߽ɽҲֻǸյɽţͱʦ˳һٶ˳ֲ
޴ʦѵͲɽϵĹ𣿡
һͬ£ܹΪʦģǲĳˣҷ޻ΪǵĺȻǹĿǣз޴ʦŵĻܹɽ
ҶΪʲôĪɽԼҪȥˡ
Ȼ֪ߣǸͲʶκεķߣ˵޴ʦˣȻҲλʦԼͬȥȴһ㲻ʣΪãҲɽûк˵ôֲϾ˭ûȥҲ˵ģܶ龭˵֮ԭȵʵԶ
ҲȻܾܾǵĺѣԵͷԭˣǿһǻȥоٶɣ
ãˣҶ֣һһҪ㡣Īɽһɫ
ʲô£
ҶֻǵǸɣ
ĪɽѣҶѾˣǵá
ղϺ㾺۰ٶľʦֹɣҲԱߣ
ʲôҶڣѾ̲סѵĵ
Īɽʶᣬ仰֪Ҳ˽ģ̨֪ҽȥҪ˵ʲô˰ɣ
ɫصĵͷ֪ʵʲôʦ񵶣һ˻ǲ𰡣
Ҷһֱе棬ΪĪɽѹǹʦ̲סʵλܸܲңʦʲôͷ
аûгĪӣ񵶣ƽ˫һһ񵶣


171 Ϳ
Ī˵ĽܣҶеʵ벻ס
ѵ˵û𣿡
Цһǡǡ෴û
Ҷ׷ʣѾļȥ񵶵˫޵սһȻǵһȴǻü˵ˣηľǻü
üôǿıòΪ˱ظУ˵ÿ춼Ҫ任һòΪֹ¾ͽܣ֪Ŀ
ҲҾ񵶣Ҳ񵶣֮ôÿκһˣ񵶣壬ָû֪ʲô
ˣȻΪ粢̫ߣǾΪĪò˸Ը
Ҷɫ΢΢˱䣬϶̲סһ㼦Ƥ
ϸ룬ȷʵͦµģһ᲻ϸıòˣһǳĸ֣ȫԱΧκˣߣ׵Ľɱµ㶼֪Լ˭
Ҷһʵ⵽ʲôü˶ˣˣ
ҡҡͷôĻü˵üҲôյģȣüˮԵġ
Ҷ̲סʵΪʲôüˮԵģѵ𣿡
ܣΪˮ޳Σ֮УֻˮԿı״ȫûκι̶̬˻ü϶ˮԵģ
ҶﲻһȻ뵽Լĳ
ԼĳˮԵģѾԭɫĴ󺣣ɫĻ棬ⲻ÷ˮ޳ε仰
ǣ˵ˮ޳Σָսеı仯һ۾޷ı䣬н繫ϵ׼ܲ˵ӵˮԳ֮˵ĳɸıɣ
ŵĳǸ«սȫ;йأȻˮԵĳɴûм«״Կ϶ǲܣ
Ҷ룬ʵ񵶵ĳʲô
֪شĺܸɴࣺ񵶳ʲôû֪Ȼ֪ĳʲôֻе˲Ż֪
ȻҶȻûйԼ仯ԭ򣬲ܹоԼѾԼԼһԵǰǺͷˡ
ŵüˮԣôֻӵˮԳ˲ʸȥѧϰüΣüΪսһ֣Ҳкû֣֮ݲٸֲ²⣬յĻüƷңԲı仯Լò
Ʒսȸ½Ҳᳬ֣ˮԵĸǹֻһ֣ԵǲҪĻ̫գеĻӦҲֻĴͽܹ΢ѧ˵ƤëϾҲǳһصĸˡ
κһλ֣ȻԼĹսԱܣҲϣԼһѧʧǻѡʵѡΪͽܡ
񵶼ȻˮԵĳôѡͽܹɣȻҲˮԵĳˡ
ѾϣĪɽſڵҶ֣˰ɣκ˶ԸǵĶֻҪǶ㲻ֵ̫ĻҲҪȥǲͻ
ȻйǹĻü֮Ҷеη壬Īɽⷬȴǽǵηɢˣ
ֻսܵҶңûҶң
˲ңҲˣңҲҪ£ҪԸ̬ȥ
ԴӸױ޵°֮һֱڣҶѾܹԲκκ۸Լͼͷϣ
η嵽ηƼΪ򵥵һͷ˲תȴҶľľ޴仯
Ӵ֮вκεĿ־͸꣬Գȼᶨ̬ȥе˺£
Ȼ񵶵Ļü˷ʤҶ񵶾û˿ϴӲֻ֣صļãûбֶѣ
뵽Ҷ¶˵Ȼ飺Ȼȥ㣬κҪԵ޹ʵҵĻô񵶣ҲҪң
ҶҲʮƽһϡƽСһ㣬ڳˣȴҶ仰һ޿ɱĺͰȻ
ԯڸ鶼ѾˣҶվĪɽĪһֵлλεǸˣպлĻλȥҶһ֮꣡
ĪЦŵͷģҶܣҿ϶ȥģ
ڣ
Ҷٵ飬̴֮ź뿪¥Ҷȥ
ĪɽĪվڴǰעҶıӰʧ֮ĪɽȻ΢΢һЦ㣬Ķ˼˰
Ī϶ʱֳһźΣֵĵĪɽһ۵˵ұ˺ü꣬ΪҸ̫߳࣬Һǲܵ¡
ĪɽЦ㣬ǿߣҳҪ̤볾ģ˵⣬㲻˵ҪһǿķҶΪߣ÷Ҫ󣬽㣬ҶΪڵĳڳΪħʮ֮׵ӣָտɴˣ
Īû˵Ŀ⿴Ŵ⣬ԺȴԾĸֳҶ˫䣬˿飬ȴ峺׵۾


172 ŭ
ʱ䣬ɳȥѾķԸĿǰҶҵ
˵Ļ㱨¶˲м֮ɫһԭǷ֮ңʦְû˵ǸʲôҩʦҶ֮⣬ֻоŵľţϼһҶ۸ȻĿŵİҶңðɣҾſţ˳㽫Ǹ¸

ҶͺԯǸϻҶ֮󣬷ִžȻգſҲûκҶˣƺһլһʱ⡱һ£񱼣˲ѾԾǽͷҶҡ
ոճǰԺҶͿԼĵܵܣĳҶüͷתȦƺʲô£ûзԼ
ҶҲ˲һץסҶļżĵҶʲôˣ
ͬһͻȻԼǰĶ磬ҶһҶץ¶һƨ˵ϡ
ѹҶüͷҲչͬһסҶ˫۵磬ˣˣ
ʲô£˵үүأأ
ҶĶҪĳɤˣΪԼңҶҳʲôĻⱲҲ޷ԭԼˣ
ҶСͨĵ磬Ǽҳ£Ǿүүҳˣ
һ仰ҶĶʱ´룬ڶ仰Ҷ˲
ҶеľүүǾţֻҶû˵мңҶȻ˹ųˣ
ԶԶԣҶͷϣͻȻһѪ˴Ҷң˵ǾŵĵӣӳҾŵġ
Ҷص˵ŵ׳ʲô£
Ҷ޲ýҶͳԼҪ֪Ļһƽеㆪ£ôҪʱ̣ϻƪ
ŲҶүүһеҶҲǺͰףȫһλ֣ͬҶҲŵԼһԱų£ҶȻҲʮֵġ
ңҲ֪ʲô£ʱǸ˱ȥ͵ģүү˳Ǹ֮󣬾үүˣλүүһ뿪ˡ
ҶˣŲ֪ʲôʣеӳҶңȣ֮̾͸ϻؾš
ȻֵҲȥˣǾ˵һǴ£
뵽ҶֱһҲͣˣæɿҶڼʵţȥ˾š
磬֪𣿡
һ仰ʱҶסˣȷĲ֪ŵľλã˺ᣬͷҲ֪Ҷȥ΢ĵطϢġ
˼˵СɺݷСУǴûȥ
Ҷ޺޵Ķ˶ţᣬؼʱȻָˡ
ȻҶ͵һԴ᲻֪϶֪Լʲ
Ҷ׼ǰݷǵʱ򣬺Ȼһһ󼱴ٵҶҸ
Ҷæ⣬ֻŰ׿⣬ƥһԼ˹ŵүүźֵܡ
ǾȻôͻˣҶղŻŵڷ϶ʲô£ȻĻǲȥͻˣҲˣ˵Ӧûˡ
ƥٵĳ嵽Ҷǰûͣ£ѾֱӴԾ£䵽Ҷǰ
ҶϴЦݣǷ־˫ͨ죬ɫ࣬΢΢ʶԼƺ´ˣæȥš
ȻҶָոţͻȻͿ˫һգзһƺߣȥ
ҶӦ죬֮ѾŵסͷٿţȻѾ˹ȥ
ʱҲҶѯһµ׷ʲô飬ҶԪȴɫĿһ۵˵
ٿֵܵҲѿ˼㣬Ҷеľţ̾˿û£ֻǼŭģʱ˹ȥҲΪˣһֱͦڡ
˵֮ǰ߽˴ţҶ㶺Ҳæ˵󣬽ԵľŽҶУ;ŻطϢԼ˴
˻ûȥҶѾɴʵүүŵ׳ʲô£
ҶԪվڴ룬Ҷ㿴˰ӺȻһ̾ûˣ
ûˣҶû仰˼
ǵģǰҹͻȻ⵽ʮֵĹӼȫѣԼĶӶϱŮȺ˸ץˣ


173 Ҷĳŵ
ҶɫҲֵͬܺүүһǲͬǣ˸ѹֲסĳǺ⡣
ȻǴɣкôҲλĸ֣ʵȻһҹ֮ţʵ˾ò˼顣
Ҷ˿ٻ³ʳ֣˭ɵģ
ʵУѾ˹ֵĴ𰸣ֻҲе㲻ŶԷܹ񹲷ߵ飬Ϊֺ;֮ûκεĳԹ
Ҫ˵гҲǺԼҶг
ǶԷԸҶңȥԸţʲôĿģ
ɱӺ
ӢڣҶԪصĵǸŵĵӼ֮ѾҪˣû˵仰ֻ˵˴ʮˣҸǳ֣Ȼˣҹϵ˾ţֻʣһѶϱڲԫͺ˵ʬ壬кüߵʬ֮϶һĻ
ҶԪλʶˣ뵽Ǹ״ڻ£ʵǲԸټȥ
½ŵӢڵı־һĻ
ֺҶ뵽Ĵȫһ
Ҷϸֳһ˿пЦݡ
壬Ҫ˵ͷŵĵӣ
ʱȻ˾ɳƵ˼µȡ˭Ҳɱ
ҶĲ£ΡΡ˽ʱû˳ֵķɣһλߣʦŵĲҾ˲˼ʮꡣ
Ҷæǰסŵǰ
⣬Ҷ޷˵κεĻжھŵţΣΪţΪ˱Լ
ĿҶһۣĿ˼ҶҶҳסΪϲСӣҲ£㣬ǾܹմմĹ⣬һиûκιϵɥĲļһһɱΪŵĵǱ𣡡
ҶĵͷǰףҺҶ˵ĿУ൱ǵүүһԾŵĳҲǵĳģǲӢ˵øհɣ
Ų֮ҶҶԪүүŵĳһҪӢڴǧ꣬ٻλ֣ҲܲжҪӳ飬һ׵ĸƻ
ҶңȻҶǵʲõĵһˣǼȻҶԪھִ֮ǰҶҪүү
ҶԪεĵ˿ɲǵ޼ҺּңһǧĴɣ㸴ҲҶǣԼֻܵСܸɴĵ˵㣡
Ҷ̧ͷֵܵλ鷳ǽ֪йӢڵϸĸǡ
ֵ˵֮Ҷߵ˾ŵǰ֣صĵүүģ֮ڣǰ֮ǰһѪծȥĵһ
Ҷ仰Ȼ˭Ҳû˵ǾҶԪҶĳŵʵ̫ϡ
ʱ䣬һӵʮʷС壬һǧĴɣ
ŶҶ˰κ¶һȻЦݣȻ󻺻ҡҡͷҶףҲκ˶ҪΪű𣬵ҪĲǱ𣬶Ƿ͵ϮҶңҲϣŵĲҾҶ֣
ڱȫ״̬֮£ȻûʧȥǣȻ뱨ȻҲ֪ҶԻ᲻ϧһеĴȥǱô򵥣
һǧɣ֮ʵ֮ǿ󣬲жٳ֮ϡ
ҶɳٶȺҶҷչٶǺܿ죬˵ʱ֮ڣܷչӢ࿹⣬Ǹǲܵ£
ԼܹΪԼɵĳޣͶ͵ҶҶ˵δ
Ҷܲ׾ŵ뷨޲ȥƴˣڴʱ˿ȻԼҶңⷴᶨ뷨
žŵ۾Ҷһһĵүү˵֮ڣӢڱɣ

ҶصԼķ䣬Ϸţ˳˼֮С
ղŸŵĳŵͱ֤Ϊһʱĳ嶯֮ԣҪ뿪֮ǰӢҶĵˡ
ȻҲûäĿΪڵҶҾܺӢڶԿԼҲҶҰʱ䡣
֮ڣҪԼøӵǿҲҪҶԾ˵ٶȷչڱҪ£ϧѪ
Ҷһҹʱվ˳ȥ
ңԶĶ̫ӵƽһһ¶ͷɫ˼ء
վԺеҶ̫ͬһһ죬Ĺâҫ磡


174 չʾҩ
Ժ֮⣬˼Ϊ΢ĽŲҶԪ˽һҹҲʲôûȥ˼ҶΰŸʵǱﲻסˣԸҶʸ
վԺеҶҶԪ΢΢һ㶣˽ȥվҶԱߣһĬĬۿճ
̫ѵƽߵԾգҶתЦݵĿԼүүүүǼҵôˣ
ҶԪȻûϵҶͻȻ⣬㶺ǰҸոŹǾͻһΣӦѾȥˡ
Ҷͷүү˵ʵڲһֱæڼ鼸ûʹҲξȥӪǵļ塣
ҶԪͿˣԼôˣͻȻúõ˵ҶѾʵүүһ£ҪҶҷչ׳ĻҪЩ
ȻҶԪ֪Ҷʳԭ򣬵Բ޵ķʸصĿһ²ŻشҪкܶ࣬ҪȾǮֻӵ㹻ʵĲ֧ţ̸
ҶԪĻ䣬ǰͳֽҶҲ֮𣺡үүЩǮš
ҶԪſǰŸʲôֽƱƱ֮󣬲˿ð˵ЩǮ
ҶЦЦ͵Լġ
ȻҶԪûȥЩ꣬͸ƱҶΪүүϺͿˣⲻʲô
Ҷͷүү˵ѾˣԼκ𣿡
ҶԪɫһҵȷ˵̫٣үүᱻ˸ˡ
ϴҶǰ֮⣬Ҷ϶ٳţͻȻóҶԪȻ뵽˻᲻ŻǸ͸ġ
Ա˵̣ñ˵
ҶԪΪͳҶʵͣԻ£ĶŵĳЩ˻ҶûʲôΪ˴ľ飬ؽȥ
ȻҪһ㣬ҶΪЩô£ż
ȻҶܱҶңҶԪʼսԼ϶ΪڵĵӣôԼĺȻҲڵĵӣôܹټκأ
ҶԪ֪ڵҶʵѾǴȺڵˡ
үүĵģҶǼΪ͸ж濼˰֮ԼҩʦݸүүϾԶļƻƻ϶ᱻүү֪ʱԼҪͣھ˵
ǰ˵ǲүүΪԼģ˵үүҪģҶ˵ˡ
Ҷʶ̼ѾԼԺΧʮ֮ڣȷû̯֮Լơ
һһߵϺɫ棬Ҷ֮С
棬ҶԪӶɳˣƴ۾ΪԼۿˡ
ֱȷȷһŻʵ¶ȼߵĻ֮ҶԪе͵ĵ⣬⣬㡭
Ǻǣүүǰ˵õǻԵģΪǳΪҩʦʦĻ֮һˣүүߣǽݣ
ҶеĻ涼Ϩֱ־ץסѾĿɿڴүүĸ첲Լӡ
Դӽ͸Ҷ֮ȻҶԪûµʱ򾭳תתǻûн
ΪҶԪԼӣûеõ֮ǰǲ㴳ȥġ
һӣҶԪ̾Ϳаڷŵ߶գգ۾֮ԼѾеˣȴԼ뷨
ҶŹ֮һԶͷɵ߶·ʼ¯Ҳᳵ·Ľʣһϣӵ߶֮С
¶ȰθߣƬ̹򣬴򿪶ڻأһŵζһŰɫĵҩ߶֮ҶС
ϨҶҩ͵үүǰ
˱ǵĵҩҶ˵ʲôҶԪѾˣԭԼӣΪһȣҾȻȸ½֮ġҩʦ
ղҶҩḶ́ҶԪ۾ûգĿһֱæĶæҵĲ裬ҶҩѾһʱ䣬ӦкܾˣֻԼ֪ѡ
үүҽƵĵҩ֮ģõ˰ɣ
ҶԪȴûҶĻһ鼫ΪصĶҶĵǿŵҩƺ˼ʲô⡣
ҶҴүү˼ԼæҲͣȻǸҩĬĬһԵȴš
֮ҶԪĿгĳ˿ڴ˼лعϾȻ¶һ˿οЦݣ۾ĵ⣬Ⱑ
Ҷüͷүү˵⾿ʲô˼ҲûпѯʣΪţүүҪԼˡ
ȻҶԪٿȻۣҶ֪үүǰʲô𣿡


175 һû
ҶȻǵүүԼ˵й֪ȸ½ʮ֮һڵŵӣֻΪûдﵽΪŵӵֻ뿪Ҷ򣬿֦ɢҶһִҶҡ
үүǰڵŵӰ
ҶԪͷûΪһŵӣôʦأ
仰ʱҶһ磡
ǰԼôûأ
һ֮Уϻֵӣţź״ŵǴ͵һȺˣ˵ɵӣʵϻˣܻʦָ㡣
ֻгΪŵӣɵĴţŻӵʦʦʵֻϵģͺñԺʦһ»һȺͽܣʦֻܴڣѧȫԼ顣
ܹרŵʦְֵָģֻ״ӣ
үүֻһŵӣ˵Բʦүүǵʦߵʱʦ͵͵͸һйƾִӦֻ״Ӳеİ
Ҷ¶ɻҶԪЦ뵽˰ɣʵϴûи㣬Ȼֻŵӣһһݣҩͯ
ҩͯ
Ҷһ֮󣬶ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫѿڶүүʦһλҩʦ
Լܹô㣬ҶԪĵͷҵʦӾһλҩʦ
ڣҶΪʲôүү֪Լҩʦ֮󣬻ˣԭм仹ôԵ档
ʦҩʦүүҩͯҲҩʦ˵ɺϣȷеϡ
ҶԪŷҶٴӿŨŨοͽԼҶ⣬ҶԼʵҪ˲֪ٱ
û뵽Լ֮꣬ԼĶ֮оȻһλ˾ҩʦ
һĸ֣һҩʦ֮䣬൱Ĳࡣ
Ժҩ֮ʱҪֵĻ͸үүһʦ˵ҩ֮ϵ츳ǸһȣԶҩһ㡣
Ҷգգ۾ƤĵðԺүүɾҵҩͯˡ
⺢ӣûûСҴأ
ҶԪǵҶϵһ¡
ˣǻ˵£ҩʦ飬˭֪
м˻ɣ֪ģֻүүһˣûиˡ
ĺܶԣ㻹̫ᣬмǲ̫ҡµ͵һûл
֪ˣүүƱŰɣղҾ˵ˣڹӪ飬һϲͨľǸṩôͿŰɣ
ҶԪûƴǣӹƱΪпĵͷڷ׳ҶҵˣǮǼʱ갡ˣҲǮɣҩʦҪĲϺͶ¯ܹġ
ҩͯҶԪΪҩʦȻ׬ǮǻǮҲͬˮһ֮ǲϻǶ¯õǶǼֵơ
үүôһ˵ҶҲʶˣԼڵȷҪõǮҪ̫ࣺҲԣүүȸʮɣȻǮٸ˵
ҶԪֱһƱֻҶ֮ǰ͸Щȥ˲Ǯټ㹻ˡ
ҶҲӹƱãүүҪȥһˣһͻ
үү˰֮ҶŶߣֱӷǽ뿪˼ҡ
ҶԪЦСһǽôûٷ
ҶԪȴޱȵļҶ뿪ҶңǰٺҵʱΪҶҶҵһ죬ڣҶѾȫĿҶҵһƬգ
Ҷһңǵҩ꣬ʼӡ𵤵ĲϣӡҲھų֮ǰ뵽ļƻǲܵ顣
ңеҩ궼ת֮ҶȻֲû򵽣һƷϵһ־ǧҲǵҦɽ뵽ֱȽҩġ
Ҷһ£һҧԯǸȥΪǣҩĹģĶ϶ҪңǸ߼ȫĶ࣬ҲûеĻǻίĪɽæ취
ҶĪɽǰʱĪɽҲе⣬ΪʲôȥȻЦĵҶ֣û뵽ôּˡ
ҶеεĵĪ֣ġ
ʲôģΪҶְ£ǿҵҡ
ҶҲֱ˵ĵҪһֲϣǧ֪Īֵ¥¼ûģ
ǧûעȥʣԵһ¡
Īɽûȥʣֱҵ˳̳磺ʦ壬֪ǧ𣿡
̳ΪƷҩʦȻ֪ôǧӡ𵤵һֲϡ
ӡ𵤣ԭˣʦ壬Ϻ𣿡
Ƚңڿⷿе㡣
Īɽ۾ʱһ֮¶һааЦݣ⵹һûᰡ


176 ڰ
Ƭ̹ĪɽѾҶǰǸĵ˼Ҷ֣ղҲʹˣ¥¼֮жûǧ
Ҷһ϶ʱ¶ʧ֮ɫȻﶼûǧԼõȥأ
ûǧû취ӡ𵤣ûӡ𵤣Ӱ쵽Լļƻ
Ҷ飬Īɽգգ۾ҶȱżɣȥܱߵĳһϢ֪ͨҶ֣Σ
µҲֻˣҶεĵͷʵĪˣֻҪǧܶǮҶԸ
ĪɽڰֵҶ֣֮Ǯû˼ˣ˵ҲһҵԯǵϢǣ
Ҽе£һǻؼҰɣĪϢĻ鷳˵Ҽȥ͸ţ
ãˣҶҪǧ
ԽԽãжҪ٣
ˣ
ԽҶͳ¥֮ĪɽЦݵ˶¥Īķ䣬ĴŷŴе㣬ڲڣкϢ
ӦĪüͷܵܣôˣôСһص㣬ʲôϢ
ĪɽĪѵ⣬ЦеĵҶˣ
һ⻰Ī¶ϲɫ׷ʵģ
ˣ
Īϵϲɫ˲ͱ˪滻޺޵ĵĪɽĪɽƤ˰ɣû¸Ѱģ
ĪˣĪɽҲٿЦˣæɫ㣬żһû˵أкϢ
˵Īĵ
ĪɽͽղҶľ˵һ飬Ī꣬üͷȻڿⷿУΪʲôҪƭ˵ûУȻԶϹ㣬϶мã˵ģ
ĪɽһԴһ㣬ɵ˻Ǳͷ԰⻹Ϊ˰㣬ѵû
ʲôģϹ˵ʲôĪһڣ޵Ծһ˿εʲôðҶ
ˣ㣬ҿֻҶˣҸɴֱ˵˰ɣȻǧǾ͸˵͹Ȼ㣬ҵ׽㣬ЩǧǰҶң͸Ҷ
룬ҶżʱȥҪĶǲǻǳм㣬һĹϵǲǾһ㣬˵ǲڰ㣿
Īƺе㲻˼ĵͷĪɽ̲סֱ֣ܿԼ㺦ߣֻⱲӶ
ȻĪ̧ͷݺݵĵĪɽ㻹ʲôϽ˵̽ǧ͹Ҷ̫ˣ
ĪɽԭƬ̹ŻعЦõĵ㣬ԺĸҶһˣһ˵Ҷ׸Ҫ޵Ҷȥ
Īһ㶵Ϊʲô
ǻûôˣôһҪҽƶܰǼ͸Ů˰
Ī˸ͷ֮Īɽ̽ŵĨ͵֮ززˣ
Ī޺޵һź˷ţϣȴоԼշ̣һԺ֮иܿƵĸֳҶ˫峺۾
ѵϲ
Ϊ֮ŮĪ粻ʣ֮ϺĪɽһǶţʮ꣬ȻѾʮӡĸ֣պ۳ǰ϶顣
ڶһȻĪһɰǶԣΪ˸׺͵֮ܵ⣬ûԼۡ
ȻӼҶ˫ڲͬ峺۾ʼĪĶҶһֺøУָоԼҲ޷ͣΪʲô֡
֪ҶССѾһλ֣пһλҩʦʱǵøҲ֮޷Ŵ󣬱ϲֻŮֺԸ㡣
һȴǷǳȷǾ֮£Լĸ׺͵ܵ⣬ҶΨһһܹ࿴ˣ
ڣŸܹϽ˽ǧȻԼȥҶңٴμҶ
뿪ԯ֮ҶûϻؼңҶɭ֣ΪҪƷȥ򣬵Լȥɱˡ
ȻԴӽʶ˵֮ҲԸȥɱޣͬҲ֮٣ˣҲרЩײе֡
ҶֱӽɭֵΧΪﺱ˽޵Ϊڶࡣ
ڵʵٽϳ潣ɱƷµ޾͸һѴ֮һϵʱ䣬Ѿɱʮֻޣ͵ƷߵƷ
֮⣬޵ĲɱҲҶջ˲ٵʵս飬ͬʱҲһ⣬潣ʹǺ˳֡
ⲻīǵżңҲʱΪԼһֵĳˣ


177 
ȻҶھȥīżңҵΪԼһǿǵĿǰƣټһʱĳǲ뿪Ҷ̫õʱ䣬뷨ֻܼãȵպ˵
صҶңΪǧȱ޷ӡ𵤣ɴͽעȫе֮ϡ
ҶΪԽߣҲԽʶԼʵĲ㣬ԴõѪ֮󣬸ֵָӦӲϾĸоӼȫʵڲͣıжɹǰְ̤̤ʵʵںɽʱ⣬Ѿһȥˣ
ˣҶ˿иһճȫŵġ
ʱȥҶӭһȺˣٺˣȻڼǰǾѾ˿ӱ޵Ź˵һҶҶԪû뵽ǣ֮˾ȻҼţ
ͬһǰģӺͳ֮⣬кƸɵĵӸƺ
ǵĵȻҶҷΪϱҶԪŵҲһ𴳵ֵܣʮٴξףñطĸоҲλ˱м
ŴӼҶԪĵһ濪ʼͰҶһͿ䣬֮кԼĽͼʣôԼҾûгһҶأ
ҶԪǺȫ̽ܣҶҶĽ
֮ҶҴ֮Ϊ˱ǻòҶûüλֳ֣ҲǼˡ
ŴԼվҶԪҶϸ磬οרллģҶٺ򣬿ѾʧˣԪԪ꣬лҶ
ŵŸ׵˵ֱĹҶԪǰҶԪæ˫ֲǣ˵ŰʲôǶĺֵܣ˵ЩҲûٰҶңСֵʦڡ
Цҡҡͷϸ磬ǶѾһˣϹͷûɢ֮ǰҵȻҪ㡣
ҶԪǰʸ˵ϣ
˵˲˵ˣ
λ֮ڵգҶȻԸƣ̲סʵүү֮Ǹߵǿûǵ鷳˰ɣ
ûˣ˵һָƺ˵ڳ˽ǰʦ֮⣬ƺҲңǸǿҴ˻鷳Ŀɾˡ
ƺҲסң⵹Ҷе⣬ȻһƽȻԴϲҲȥԭˡ
ҲŵٺңǻָƽֻǸܵܣ򲻵ãɱãֻܼϣгһԼܹͨɣ˵Щɥˣϸ磬˵
ŵķԸԲ׳̧ĸ˸ߵĴ߽˴ƣҶԪȻ֪װĿ϶Ǻ񣬲üͷе𱸵ĵ˵ţˣҾͺܿˣʲôУô̧ģһỹô̧ȥ
ЦǺǵĸҶԪĻӱ֮ʾȥǶ򿪡
ĸǱ֮ҶˣҶԪҶڣȫסˡ
ǰһⱦε˵۾Ҫˣԭĸ֮УȻֱװŻƽ飬ɺΪֵǮĶ
˸ߵӣװģ
ȻҶ֪ЩľֵýֺͷҲóǰĴ䶫ܼۣԳԼո
ҾȻҶô񣬾Ҷе㲻ܽˣ
ҶԪعüͷšһţЩȫȥȻĻԺ˵ˣѣǶû
ʾӽ¸ǺãȻɫϸ磬˵ЩȻֵǮңʲôϡĶҲʵϸ磬͸ϸģܵľţһëѡ
ҶԪе㲻ŵĵţڴţɣ
ȻڵҶүүүүûдţСʱ򲻶µʱ򣬾Щߡ
ǣЩ
ʵҶѾ֪ˣΪŸ߹󺣾һȻľ޴ıȡ֮ġ
ںߣЩȻǴӴ֮дģ·֮ҪǿԸңʵΪҵıأӴ֮еĻۣ
ŵĻشȻҶһҶԪ֮ȻˣȻֱҡͷţһǲգЩʵ̫ˣ
Ҷϸ磬ûҶ˵ǰЩˣеı󶼻ᱻǿߣԱ˵˵Щǵأˡ
˵˶٣ȴֱˣƺʲô֮ҶԪ۹εһ۾Ϳˣţлֱ˵
Ȼԥһ²Žŵʵ˿ϸ㣬ллҶ֮⣬һ¡
ʲô£
ǰˣ뽫ƺҶң


178 Ů
͸ƺҶң²ĿģԭҶԪҶȻ֪
ҶԪҶһۣҶһ֮˵ͷ
ҶȻͬˣ
ҶԪе㾪ȣ뵽ƺʮӡΪ֮󣬶ʱ׹
ڵҶҪľ͸֣ʮӡڳֵҲʲôӡȴϵĴڡ
ǶԸӢڣΪҶҵİȫ׳󣬱˵ʮӡĸƺˣӡҪҶңҶҲľ˫ֻӭ
һһһɵһʮߵĽô־ģȻһҪȹ̳õĴڣҪȴĸ
ֻиԽԽΣܴڵԽãЩӡߣͨˡ
УҶңҲϣմմҶĹ⣬ҪܵõҶżָ㣬Ȼ͸ˡ
ȻҶûˣҶԪҲȻᷴԣͷƺܹҶңҲǵĸֻЩ
һҶԪȻӦˣżҪЦĺϲ£ˣ˼ԼݣһѾͳ嵽ҶԪǰĸһӵϸ磬̫ллˣѽˣϸ磬ǲǸø׼óԵİ
Բƴڻķʽɢ˵עȻЩҲҶҡ
ʵҶҵķչҪǮʱ򣬱Ҷүӵܶ࣬ҲýƵ㻨ЩҶԪȫԳֽţûκι˼ɵȥ׳Ҷˣ
Ҷס֮󣬾͸뿪ȻҶԪң˵ʲôҲסˡ
֮͸ƺҲʽסңԭҶΪڿӭʱƽˣȻû뵽ڶϣȻпˡ
λˣҶҸŵˣ鼸Ҫɳۿˣæһ·СܣҶסĺԺһܣһߺţүүŮ㣬Ů㣡
˵ҶңȵҶʱҶ£˾֮⣬ҶԪڵ˶Ѿۼ˴֮Уȫĵȴš
ľٶ˵жɫΪǳ˰֮ġ
ŮҵĿҶҶҶҵĺȻͲ󣬵Ҫ˵ȢϱҲʲô׵飬ھȻŮҶҶȻҪʲôŮӣôĵӣҶֻζԴλŮأ
ҶɻĿܵ˵ŮңʲôŮ
ĵүŮŮ̫ÿˣʲôʲôţѽϵŮ·ˣүϽȥɣŮżˡ
ҶЦŵǽǣ㰡пյʱ࿴飬ʲôŮ߰ɣȥ
һ·ӷߵſڣҶһԼСֹţŮң˭ѵ
Ҷûע⵽ڵҶҼֱһլһ˵˿һƽʱԼӰĺǶʧȥټ
˴ǰҶǰŮӣҲ¶˾֮ɫᣬ㣬ô㣿
֮ŮĪ硣
ʵ֮ǰҶˣʱˣֻܵȵڣϵõϢ˵Ѿˣ̾͸˹
ʱ˿̣ĪһϮ£ͷ߸¶˰۹⻬Ĳʩ죬üɨۺЦվȷŮ·һ㡣
ȻĪǿģ
ҶĻĪ粻ͷЦôҺϴߵʱ˵пյĻˣô㲻ӭҿ˰
˵ŻĪתҪߣҶæڵȵȣ㣬ҲǸ˼ҵȻӭ
ĪݸһЦҶ߽ҶҵĴţǵ˿ĪıӰһ˿ˮѾ˳
ȻܹۼŮ·ⱲҲû׻
Ҷһ·ߣһ·Ī̸ţ㣬ôһˣĪأ
Ҳһģ¥æʵѲֻһˡ
ҶѯһĪɽûаԼйǧ䣬ȻһǰԺ֮ϵһϾȻҶҶ˵
磬ҰҶȥ
Ҳ㣬ҿϽ˵ˣĶأҪˣǾˣ㵹ǿ㣬δĶɩû
һΪ˵СʵҶˣĪҲ
Ǿ䡰δĶɩʱĪ쵽˲Ӹæͷȴӿһۺϲ
ҶЦõĴҶҶǸ
ˣˣܣ
СһҼҶԴϱ£Ⱦˡ
ҶεҡҡͷĪ㣬ⰡܵܣͰ˵˵
ĪͷñӺߺߴ˶ٵҡ⣡


179 ϱ
֮£ҶҲû˼˵ȻԼҵĴ֮дһӵĽŲв߶
ⲻееɻ󣬳Ҫʲôµʱ򣬴ŻˣȻĻڸȥ
ѵڴ֮£Ϊʲôûң
ɻҶĪҶҵĴڵ֮࣬Ҷһ
˾֮⣬ҶҵҪﾹȻȫˣһΣ֮ϣǶſڴһǣԴ֮
ǡ
Ҷոʳ֣ǰ챻ҶԪٻҶѾĻ˵пˣôǽһ£
㣬ɣ
˵ʵĪ翴ôʱҲеССľš
Ϊħʮ֮һ֮Ůʮӡĸ֣Īʲôûмǰĳ棬ȴϱŵĸо
λԯ¥ĪĪΪͱҴҺ㣡ҶԼͷе㲻ˣ򵥵һܴԼĿ˵ô˵ıŤĿ˺֣İ
ᵹϵͷ
ʱĪһǿԼָ򶨣Ȼ̧ͷΪׯĳһĪλǰ
Īһ̧ͷ˺֮⣬˶ʱ־޵ĸоҶԪҲ̲סһã
ҶԪǵõŵŮ£ǸСѾͷȻҲʮƯǸһûСŮǰׯ󷽵Īûпɱԣ
˵ģĪòڳ˾ãҲֻɫŮӣҶˡ
Ҷӣͬľͷ׮һվҶЦҡҡͷȻվߵĪߣǶĴҲ͸ŶҴˣҸһ£ȥ絹裡
Ŷ
Ҷ֮ǴڶԴ֮ϾǸ۲۵İ׳գﻹ֣²ӦôԼȥ
ֹ֣ҶǹԹԵȥΪĪ絹ˡ
￪ʼĪ磬ܴڵˣĪҲΪɵĶÿһǡֵʩĪҲûʺ
ȵϣڳ˶Īĺøֶ㡣
ƯòΪƺֲͣŮӣĿ˵˼˰
ʵҶ֮ǰĪѾڵҶҵԶϵЩˣʵİ
ݵλ˵ҶԪˣڵҲÿͿģܷ֮ܣ˶ԴˣѿǷǳںҶġ
Ī簤ҶҶԪ۾һɨˣȻû˵˶֪ҲˣҲ֪ˣʱˣ
˱վǣһĹ򣬴֮ϾֻʣҶԪӼ˺Ī硣
Ҷ֮£ҶԪ֪ܲĪǶҶģȻĻҲһ˾ܵҶҶˡ
ЩҶĳŻĪ˵˵
ҶԪӵĪ⺢ӣȽҲܲû˵飬治֪Ҫʲôطˣൣ
үүˣ̫ðʧˣүүʹ岻Ҫ⡣
ĪҶԪ˵ĳƺȫҶˣʮȻ⣬Լĳһ㡣
ҶԪĵͷҶҲʲôŴɣҲûʲôأɲʲôԼһ
ȻҶԪ̾˿֪ûи˵ӦûУʵȽϿ
ĪһΪ̽ϢУûйҶĸģһֱʮֺһ£û뵽ҶԪȻҪ˵Ȼˡ
ûþ뿪ˣҲ˶˺ԼҵĽ֮⣬ûкŮ޽ľԺǶֵֵĽ󣬿ǲǰҲ⣬˽ߣ䲻֪
ҶԪ˵Ҷʱû˿Ȼκθ飬˵Ҷ׵ʱȴǳԹ
Ī˴ҶԪⷬеõ˲õϢǾ䡰ûкŮ޽ľȻΪʲôҶԼʼô䵭ԭ
ʮϲԭҶԼԭ
ҶҲĪеԾû뵽һâֵţȻ˱ҵĸֱ˽ߡ
ȻĪ뵽ԼܹҶȳԼĸף᲻ıԴԼ̬أ
Ա˵ҲѣǶ˵¶ԷǵţħŻ߷ʮڵˣٶһӣ


180 ǧ
ԥһ£Ī翪ʵүүܸܲңҶǱʲô˽ˣΪҵʶһЩˣû׼ܹϵæ
ԼĶӣҶԪԵ࣬Ҳʧȥ˼Ȥ˰ֵˣҶҵ£˰æ˵ԶƢ϶ԼҵԼĸס
ʱҶһ˽ղŻΪĴȻȻտҲеĿɿڴĵףأôˣ
ҶˣҶԪվҶĪȻѣҪ˼дˣҪǸа㵡Сļҷź򣡡
˵֮ҶԪֿĪˣĪҪûµĻҶҶס죬ҶҪǸ۸㣬͸ңұ֤úʰеˣͲˣ죬ڣһȥɣ
Ī缱æվһүүߣ
ҶԪھҶʱѹѾͷǶ⣡
ҶүүûͷûԵĻһƬãȻүүʲô˼ʵҶԪ˼ǸҶĪ磬ֻҪҶûĻôҶ˶ͬ⣡
ֻʣҶĪˣĪŵҲ֪֮Ҷ֮Ҳ˸ĵԼӦÿԸıҶ̬ȡ
ҶŲ豭ݵĪǰ㣬үүû˵ʲôɣ
ûаҳ
Ŷˣ㣬ңӦʲô°ɣ
Īﰵ̾˿һļһǵͷɽ˵æǧһؼʱҼҵĿⷿзˣԸɴ͸͹ˡ
Ҷжʱð˷ܵĵ̫ˣʵҸ˵ԼȥþˣҪ
ҷҲûʲô£ҲתתҾԼˡ
ҶԥŵҿҪչؼ졣
ȻǧˣôҶȻ˷ʱˣҪϽӡ𵤡
û£ҿԵ㣡
ʵҶ˼ĪϽ¥ȥȻ˼Ҷô˵ˣҴԶĴԯǸԼǧѩ̿ĴٲúԴ򽻵Ҳſ˼ߣ
ðɣǾֻίҼסһʱˣһҴģ
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ҶָʮȽӽףȴаֵǧѾ˴ĵ棬һ
ûмǧίʵûϵȻ˾޴󣬲ۿܹ⣬Ϊʲôӡƺķʱˡ
ҪôֵճҺ壬¶ȲߵĻȷҪܾõʱ䡣
Ҷ뽫ȡŵԼĽָԼָĿռװ£ֻֽǷ˻ȥ
㣬Ұȡ֮󣬾Ͱѽָ㣬ˣܹǮ
ĪЦеİڰֵɽǰһٸҽҪǸǮĻͲˣԣҪǮĻǾȥɣ
ðɣ´μʱҶ׼ȥԼʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽ʲôת㣬ʦͽûȥ¥鷳˰ɣ
ʵҶ뿪֮ĪѾڵ㣬ɧҶҲӦˣֻĪԥԼҪҪҶ˵ʵ
ΪҶԸǳ֪ԼľܷǵмԼ¡
룬ĪԼǲҪðգòײŸҶ˵ϵһҪ˶ԼԼⷬŬɾ͸ˡ
ûУҹ뿪ԯǣҲˡ
ҵνҾǵʦȥǵ鷳ûˣ㣬һ£ȥҴ
ֻʣԼһˣĪǳ׵ķģͬʱҲ¶һԳЦݣҪǰ˸Ϊһ˶زԥɱ˶Է
ҵϲʲôأѵΪ˫峺𣿡

Ī罻Ҷ֮Ҷ̻صԼС֮УϷţҲǰˣֱӽҦɽٻ˳
ȻӡһƷƵĹΪӣҶûаܹûָ¶ɡ
ҪǧȷǳңһʧˣǿɾǴ˷ѡ
ôֻһ˽гˣ
Ҫӡ𵤣
ڣ
ڣ
΢΢ĬƬ̣Ҧɽͷãǿʼ


181 Ե
ʵӡ𵤣һƷҩʲô̫Ĳͬ˲ϱȽ֮⣬ںϵĹ̵ҪעԵ⡣
ʲôԵ⣿
ͬ۳ĳԾܹսԣԵĳͻԵսΪ֮ͬһЩƵĹϵ
Ҷͷʾףǰ˵˻ü֮󣬾ĥ⡣
ͬĵӡ𵤵ĲϺҲŸԵԣǧó
̫СҶֻóһѾռ䡣
Ҧɽ϶Ȼһ⣬ȥһֻ޴ƣýץܶ˶ΪֲһľԵģʵȻ˵Ѿ˵ĺˣȻǽԵġ
ԣ֮УǿľģҪýԵҺľԵĲҺ壬ںϵһ𡭡˵ҦɽͻȻסҶ˵㳢һ£дĸ϶óҳľԵĲϣȻںϵһ𡣡
ӡ𵤣֮⣬ܹҪֲϡ
ԣҶ˵Ǽܼ򵥵飬ʶɨʣµֲϣѾľԵġ
ҶСĵĴժһƬҶӣȻָ絶ҪȡһȻָȻﬡһ졣
ָۣϸһ㷴ӦûС
ҶԾԼһָͷȥҲ׵Ŀһû뵽ȻôӲ
ǧɲһӲ㻹Կóиɣ
ҶҲǿȡ潣̱֮ͨһƬȥ
ꡱһǸĴָСһء
Ҷͷ󣬶۵ҲǸߵˡ
ŵϣһ̽
ҦɽҲ˵һҶԼƿغʵ¶ȡ
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¶ȸߣǾζҪ࣬Ҫ뽫ô޴۵ּߵճҺ壬ͨҩʦĻȷҪʱ䡣
Ҷ𣬶ҵ˶ƷѵʱȻٵĶ࣬ĴָСܿͻҺ塣
ҶֽҶҲҺ壬ȻҺϵһ
ʱҦɽ𣺡ʶ۲ڲ
ҶᣬʶѾ˲쵽Һ֮С
Һ֮һںɫ磬Һ֮һɫ硣
ʶ۲֮£ܹĿڵ徭һĶֲϽӴһʱ̿ٵ𶯵ķҲǴľˡ
ҶĸоˮݵԷ෢һ
Ĺ𽥵ļǿţʱɫռţʱɫռţȻһֱȥֹһ㣬˭Ҳսʤ˭˭Ҳܲ˭
ܵ˰ɣԵ֮ȵ£Զụƣ޷ںϡ
ҦɽʶҲڸҺ֮ͬʱҶ͡
Ҧɽ׼Ҷν֮ʱķҶԼȻѾڳԽ뵽֮С
ҦɽЦҡҡͷΪҶַԣҲ׼ھס֣ɴһʧܵζ˸̵˽֮ٸ
ҦɽҲʶۿֱһԵȴҶʧܡ
ҶѾȫĳҺĶԿ֮Уֻ뷨ܼ򵥣ֶֹԿҪǼԿȥԼУҪ
ҶǴһ㵭ɫĽ룬ԭڼսеͻȻͬʱһ˾ֹ״̬ƺǳη
ͺȺСڴܣȻһλʵȺĴ󽫳ǵм䣬ֹͣˣǴ﷢η塣
Ȼη˼֮󣬾ͿҶͻȻ׵Ľֲͬɫ磬ͬʱԼ֮У
ҲǳڶҶη壬һΣ֮Щľ뿿ıԭҪö࣬ǾȻ˭Ҳûٷų֮ͬ˳һԹԵɶԷӴԼ
ͬʱһ԰ĵȴҶʧܵҦɽȴͻȻɴ۾ŵĿҶųУѾںϵһĺɫҺɫҺ壡
ںˣ
ԵҺ徹Ȼںˣ
Ҧɽ԰ٷ֮ٵȷҶǰ׼˵ķҲҩʦȥķҺںϵġ
ϸ˵ҶҺ֮жԼ֮⣬ûκεķȻȴҺںһ
ôģ


182 ݻٺͳ
ʱ˿̣Ҷʶ֮УɫľɫľȫܽӴһ֮ɫľȻȥ޵ɫƺǱɫͬһ㣬Ҳ˺ɫ
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һۣҶͿҦɽҪԼǰĴһҦϣʲôأ
ҦɽָԾ֮ȼգѾ۳̥ĺɫҺôģ
֮У֮Ȼںϵһ𡣡
㣬ȷûʲô
ûУ
ҦɽϵٶŤһ˫̲סץסԼͷݺݵľţⲻܰô֣
ҶҦɽӣʵҦϣĲ𣿡
ҦɽЦŵ˵Ĳԣֻ˵ķңҩʦķͬ
ҶҲסˣôģ
ֱԻĸǿдݻٵǵ֮
ҶҦɽ˵ķȡ¶ȵĸߵͣôֻҪ¶㹻ߣκζܱճҺ壬Ϊޡ
ͬܲͬԵҺ֮ǻ¶ȻԽ֮ճޡ
ҦϣʵķҵĲడֻõõǻ棡
ҦɽҡͷǵķǴݻ٣ķںϣȫͬģķҪӵĸ
ҺңҺеľôҦɽǵķǴݻٵЩԸµĻɱǣǱǵʬ壬ֻʣʬĹңȻκεĿ֮ͿԽںϵһ𣬵õһµĿһ˵ȴʬ鲼Ĺҡ
ҶķͬңǽǵɱǳԼӶĸԸںϵһҶõǰлһµĹҡ
Ƚ֮£ȻҶķҪĶ࣬Ӧ˵ķǴﵽòͬںϵĿģ
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ģԵҩЧ㣬ôȻʧܡ
ҶķܹıеԣôƳɵĵҩȻҩЧʮ㣬ȫʧһ˵
Ҧɽϸ֮£ҶˣҦɽ̾һĽĿǵȻҲ֪ΪʲôܹòͬԸںϣȷҩʦΪƵĵҩٷ֮ٵĳɹټѪ֮ѪõҩΪȡ
ҦɽǿҵĽʺ֮£ҲܵǿҵĴڶеήҲˣ
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ԭҦɽʵҪҶںؼĲͬ͵Ĳϣ͵ĲϵںϣϾԱĲҪǿĶ࣬ûҪǿԣҶӦҲɵ䳼
ʵ֤ҦɽĲ²ǼΪȷģ
Ҷһµʱ䣬ʮӡ𵤵ƣмΪϢ֮⣬ûгκε⣡
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Ҷԭɹϲ֮УҦɽĻͻȻһ𵤣ѵ˵֮󣬾ܹ۳
Ҧɽͷǵģ
Ȼֽ𵤣Ҧôң֪ҾֱƳˡ
Ҷ˷ܹ֮Ƴ𵤵ĻԼүүͻƳΪˣ
ʵҶһֱĵľүүȻʮӡѾﵽӡĴԲ״̬ͳȣȴ֮ı־档
ӡ꣬ȴܹﵽ꣬࣡
ҶԪҲǰˣȻ꣬Ǳȴ̫ܹүү۳Ϊ֣ҶԸ⸶κδۡ
ֻһֱΪûκΰ취ȻȻг𵤵Ĵڡ
Ҧɽ¶Ц𵤵ƷȻӡ𵤲࣬ǲȴǸˣ˵ģƷѾǺˣҴûмƷޣҾˣɱƷ޵ģҲûмˣ
ҶոȼճϣĻ棬ʱֱҦɽⷬˡ
Ʒʲôˣ
ɱƷֵҪʲôľ磿
ǾǱһƷޣصĻ϶Ϊη壡
ҶȻ뵽˵ȻĴ󱦲أޱ޼ʣҲ˵Ʒޡ
ɱƷޣԼ׻ɱƷޣôүү˵ĳӦܹɱƷ˰ɣ
뷨ҶиոձϨĻ棬ȼ˵ϣĻǣ


183 ɹ߽
Ҷϣ˷ܣȥԼүүҪӡ𵤵ʱȴҵүүȻڼС
һ֮£֪ԼרҩһʱҶԪѾʼҶˡ
ΪڵҶҴԺڵʱʱҶԪеǮƲ࣬Ҳûпǵ飬ԽıȽС
ԭַ֮ĻеòʧҶԪط޽һµլӡ
Ҷڵʵ˵ҶˣݷڽסլҲû˻ᷴԣҶүѾ˺ĸ飬Ը뿪Ծɾ¼ҪҶϡ
ҶתһȦ֮öѾķ˵ĵּׯԺ
ּҵͱҶΪԶ뿪Ҷ򣬶ǵеĲҵҲҶңȻⴱ
Ҷּҵլڸ涼ǿһЩҶԪվԭ򣬻Ϊĵƣеٺңɽ滷ɽֻһ·ӣԲʮ֮˾סȰְȫ
ҶԪҲǸƢˣһö˵ط̾ͿʼҪӺͳ⣬ɴԳ䵱๤ÿ춼ڹϴš
Ҷ˵ȻһϢæ˵ּڡ
Ҷϵ֮󣬺ȻǰȻտʼȴѾáΡ׳ۡݵľ޴ˣ
ׯ԰ֱһСǰ
гǽţڳǽܣ˹ڳһǺӣ
үү˵ҩ֮ͯ⣬ǲǻɹ߽Ҷ̲סû뵽˼ҾȻܹƳôƯĽ
ΪҶҲȱǮˣΪеҶܹס¼ңҶԪֱʵĹϰˣݷ߸֮ϵһЩɵӵܡ
ЩȻΪǮΪ˺ҶҴùϵ䵱ġ
Ҷ˷ܵĳ嵽Сǵǰ˵Ҳɣʮһǧصľ޴ʯϳǽһ˽һԵڵأˣʯȻֵ·
ʯµĵطڸɻȻǶ̧ͷ˿µʯһʱ֮䶼ŵԭأ˶
ۿʯҪҵǵͷϣҲǱɣԶ֮λҲȡ
󲿷˶̲ס۾ĿֵѪȳ档
ȻʱһӰȴƾճʯ·зһ𣬵ס޴ʯ
ڿУʯȻ˴ʯһ˲Ƴ׵ľ룬Ȼȵ䵽ϡ
ȫ⾪˵һĻɵˣĿɿڴעžʯȴ治ɫɵĿꡣ
꿴˿ʯµĵطʮѾŵɫҰ׵Ĺ˰˰ֵÿ
һ㶣˿
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žһ죬Ȼ˳ǽ֮ϡ
һεɵˣȻ֮Ҳߣ˭Ҳûмˣ
ʯͷ֮ǸûһЩ˺Ժĵ㰡
عĹȻʼ⣬˭
˭Ƕ֪ҶҵĶүҶ
ǸҶ
ΪأȻ˭ôô
ȻֻһС£ǴӴ֮ݷǵ֮У߶֪ҶͨҲҶҶ˲֪˲ˣ
Զ֮ĳĿһĻ֮󣬶̲סͷǧʯ㣬ܽӳʮ׵ľ룬ؼ֮ʱȻ֮ĿƼֱﵽ˳뻯ĵز
ƺЦĿҶԪҶǰҶֻʮ𣿡
ЩҶҵĸǣҶ»ˣæ
ҶԪҡҡͷǣ
ôѵʮꣿȻԲ顣
ʮˣвʮˣ
˵֮ҶԪЦѵÿһЦģ
һ֮󣬲Ҳ¶΢Ц
ҶѾǵǰүүЦʲôأף㣬㣬ôûߣ
Ⱥ֮УҶȻĪ磡
Ȼӡ֮ǰҶӦĪģǶȥһ֮ãΪĪˣȻھȻֿȻʮˡ
Ҷʳ仰ҶԪʱһô˵أ
ĪȻЦٻȻĿҶôϣ߰
ǣҲǸ˼Ҷͷ֪νˡ
һԵҶЦŴȤܣҪĪ˵Ļ¼ҿɾͽˣ
ҶתԼĴʲô˼
ҶɴļҶߣ֣ȻָΧСǵ磬еһУ˭Ƶģ
үүҶղŻڻүүɹ߽
ҶԪһЦ濴үүҿû£ɣһжƵģ


184 úлл˼
ЦĪ磬ٿǰԼΪΡ׳СͳУҶʵûа취߽ϵһ
ЦеĵҶ֣ǵǹҲĪƵģ
ǹ£¥ǸʱҶֱһƺͷ񣬾뵽Ƴ˱ȻͨˣȻû뵽һоȻǳĪ֮֡
ҶԪпŵΣڣҶҶҸǺͷ˴æҪúлл˼ҡ
ҶȻһ⣬ԼչҩһµʱԼѣѾĪҲԼˡ
ȻҶ뵽һˣȴȻû뵽ؼĶֻԵĳĪԼл㣬Ķлˡ
׼ôлأ
ĪϴŵƤɫⶺŪҶ
ôлҶͷôлҾôл
Ҷ˵ģĪɾˣ仰һ˿Σæ㿪ЦģʵҲûʲôҪлˣչôʱ䣬ûʲôջ񰡣
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ô˵棬Ҷɲ˵йӡ𵤵飬Ͼϵ̫شʱסˡ
ҲʮĬ˸뿪ĪҶȥͼ깤µҶҡ
ڵϣҶҲҶԪķ䣬ôԼӣҶԪ֪϶ҪҪ˵
Źغ֮ҶҲϻֱȡһƿŵ֮ϡ
ҶԪɻĿƿһ£ҩˣƵʲôҩ
ҶЦŵүү㲻ǵҩͯͲ²¿ʲôҩ
СڵԽԽˣ
ҶԪЦһƿƿһŨζ˲䣬ҶԪɫʱ
ƿڽֻʮŵҩȴɢ˴ζһ˵ЩҩҩЧǳ֮Ҳ˵϶Ǻõĵҩ
һŵҩϣҶԪź󿴣Ƭ֮Ŀ¶֮ɫ⣬ѵӡ𵤣
Ҷ˴Ĵָүүҩ֪ʶûǼӡ𵤣
õҶĿ϶ҶԪϵľ֮ɫȴˣٴο˿ƿеĵҩʮţǼӡ𵤣һµʱƳģ
ΪһֲǧңʮռֻʮţֻƳʮš
ҶԪѾ˷ˣ֪ԼʲôоۼԼʦӵӡ𵤵ģʦӡ𵤶㻨һʱ䡣
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ȻʱҶûôӡˣշҶҵʶܲСҶҲӡҶѾͻƴﵽأҶҶأҶأʱգӡ𵤣ҶҵСǣû׼ܳɹ̤ʮӡľ硣
κ˵ǿҲ˶ǿֻܹﵽ־磬պҶңȴܻܿıһ²ʮӡٶᵽذӡ
һ˶ǰӡϵĸ֣⻹˵
ҶԪԾɺҶܹһ֮ھͳɹʮӡ𵤣Ҳ֪ԼһУԳֻ֮Ҫ̹ȻܾС
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ҶԪʾҶҪż˵꣬Ҳôϵ˵ģ˵ŵţ˳ȳһɰҵ˲仯ΪУֳصĴǾԲȥؽԼˡ
Ҷܹ⣬űǸСɣƫһĴ˰ʱ䣬Ǽͷǵȷǲˡ
ңϵܵҲܵ䣬ҺĹΣ˼ȵ֮׼ҸطӣҲˡ
Ҷüͷɲϣ˶Զȥ
ϵܶҶ˵ԼһҲϲģԣпյʱ򣬾ȥ
֪ˣүү
ҶеԴ˳ŵ֮ԼȷҲûȥˣʵԼĲԡ
ˣûˣȥæİɣ
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Ѿ֪ҶҺӢ֮ѪˣȻվҶߣˣƾҪ͵ϮӢڣջͦġ
ҶҡҡͷȻᣬڻʱֻȥǵĵף˳㿴ܴܲűץߵЩ˵ϢҲøүүһ
Լտڰ׻ȥοţ𲻵κʵԵãһϢǵϢȻõҩˡ
Ҷ˼ͷãߣ
˵е̧ͷĳ˶ûз֣ҹɫڻҶͺѾȻ뿪Ӣڵڵظȥ

ҶԪװӡ𵤵ƿԼķ֮ص߶ţתСʱ֮һţĳ־Ȼƿ˳ȥ
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ȻҲ뿴ǲǷʲô£ΪҶǱҶҵİΣҡҡͷ֮󣬻Ǳ۾Լˡ

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վڴ⣬ҶĿ˼ɽӰȳʲôˣ
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뿪֮ǰҶԪûǶҶ죺κˣ㶼Ҫ˵ԼͻƵġ
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Ҷͺ˽ʩչ˼ޣһʱҾѾǡ
еĵһ±յЧ԰ٶȿĶҸϲˡ
ԼΪҶ׼Ľֻͣ΢΢һЦҪŬˣˣǵˣ


186 
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ԼҶڽ¼ңҲֻׯ԰֮һ
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ҶҲ޽ôһׯԺҪҸ˶ǼΪѵ飬˵㹻ȥˡ
ˣԽҪסҲԽѡ
Ƕ˵ʵׯԺſڵЩֻӡĿŵӸֲǣ׵ľͷԺǽӢڡ
ҶѾֵܵĿϸ˽⵽ӢڲĹ죬һ·ǰУֱǰȻһߴ׵ǽʱͣ
ҶСĵֵ˵ӢڵԺˣΪΣԴûнȥ
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Ҷ֪ҹԾģֻΪԼǿŻŴһּΪŵĳ̶ȡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ȻСȥȴһͬҼΪҵǺܶϵһ
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ĸо˲佫Ҷȫİ׵ԼڵĻ֮С
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187 
ҶԼ·Ҳڵĸ֮߮С
ʱǾҿĺХ֮ʱҹλصĵ֮ʱʻʢ֮
Ϊý飬һոµǰδеҶǰ
ҶһεԼ޾ǿԼٻ֮ࡣ
ޱϲҵĸоҲҶһּΪƽ͵״̬ɳ̲֮ϣ˫΢ա
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ð峺ȪˮȪ֮⣬ֳ֮תģɵС
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ˣ˸㣬ʵ۳ģʶɣտʶֱǿţζ⣡
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ֹͣ˶ԻԶ֮Ҳ˹Ȼǰڵӡ
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188 ɱ壬ĲΪ
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189 
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ҶȻҲ֪㣬Ŀǰ뵽õİ취Բ֮²ֿԿǼΪֵҪ
֮ԲԼĵڵ´УΪ棬ȻҶ˵ӵеʵκ˶޷ġ
ѨĴͨȫѾͨʮһѨλϵ²ѨͨͨѨλʮ⣬ӵеҲ൱ͬ磬Ҳǳһظֵʮ֮࣡
ˣѧĻȷӦܹڵ´С
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ܹӮѾȾҶʮϲˣֿϽңѾмˣﻹ㡣
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ҶҲϣԽѧԽãԶںȻûаˡ
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190 
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һʩչҶܹԼڵ³ɹУҾȻܹ˽£
˵ղźỹ𾪣ѾˣȫıһƬհף˼Ѿ֮ɥʧҲûע⵽֮£ѾƬڰĵ֮Уʼ˼ĴУ
ȵҶСỹûȫѹȻΪղԼһоֻһ̫ʵζѡ
ҶɻĿԴӱԼſʼڵ´оͱֳ⸱ľȻɫĺᣬòǴһڵ´У˱ɳմɣ
֣ѣû°ɣ
ҶĿűɫİָںǰҡţð֮󣬺ڳ³һ˹̧ͷǹ֮ɫҶ
֣ôˣô۹⿴ң
˫궯Լû£ңԼɣ໨ʮʱյĵ˲գһԶԶĳңʵǽܲ˰
Ҷһ֮󣬶ʱЦĺļû˵ʲô߳ӣʱúʹȥɣ
ʵᲢǵһҶĺݺݴ֮ĵˣѪеҦɽӵˣǼĻ⣬һŹͬԵġ
Ҷֱŵķ䣬վſڣţʶ˶䣬֮ͨڴһ˿˿Ϊ΢ŵоѾġڵΡ
žͬһһ֮ϣһҲ֪Ѿ˶ˡ
ھεҡҡͷҶߵţүүҶҪ˵
֮Ŵ˾ŵɣ
Ҷƿţһùζʱ˱ǶʶŶܾûд򿪹ˡ
뷿䣬ҶֱߵŵǰҲϻֱӾͽ۽ıָ̰˾ŵС
öָһ֮󣬶ʱɴ۾˼һǶҪҶϣٵĵǴõöָġ
Ҷ˵ٶĻȥοţԶԶöָ𺳺ͷӦ
Ҷ˫һ̯Ȼǳǰҵģ
ˣأѾ𣿡
˵֮󣬼תҪ壬Ҷæסļ΢΢ӲֹסǰεûүүҰѻ˵꣡
֮⣬ҶɤҲ˲٣˵Ч
תĶҶô£ûлôİָѵѵģ
ˣүү򶨵㣡
Ҷһ֮÷֮ϵĳֱ䣬ҶҶˡ
ΪҶԪǶȥ¼ˣҶҵˣˣҲû˸ҹ
þЦҡҡͷµҶԲеʧ̬ˡ
ž⸱ӣҶޱȵᣬЦŵүү˵ʲôˣҲˣȥӢڣҵ˳ǰǣˣúõĻţ
Ϊ˷ֹٴʧ̬Ҷû˿ͣ٣һͽеľ˵˳Ȼڳµûҽ
ĹУ̬ҲԽԽȻ̲ס¶˾ΥЦݡ
ȥٱҲûκãǾȻţھ˵ʵһĺϢ
ˣүүȻǰ㲻Ҫ𣬵ǿ϶ҪģȻôˣǶţô϶ⲻɱǣʱҲͲʲôΣգһҪȵʱ֮Ǿ̶ȥǣ
ʵҶЩֻڰοţΪѾǾǽԼҪٴӢڣȳ£


191 ˳
Ҷþ֪Ϊһ֪ȻҪԼһȥڵľ״̬ȥ˲ﲻæܻΪ֮£ʲô嶯ĻպҪȳŵˣǿɾϼˣ
úõİο˾һȷϾҲ˲֮Ҷ뿪صԼķ䣬Ȼᡣ
Ҷ̧ۿһ۵֣ٸȥӢڡ
ȥһ֮ͷӦ׼Ͷ־ˣ
ȻѾԴһʩչôȻٵ飬ղҲ˵ˣΪ⼸ǻƵգȥһȵĽ¼޸Ǿʲôˡ
Ҷ˵еԵͷУҵĵǾȲˣֶѡ
˵֮оͲԾĳһ˿Թ
ʱҶܵ¼ңԴʶӢڵׯ԰֮Ҳʶؼҵ⣬ҶұҪ취⣬Ȼʵ̫ȫ
Լĸүүʱүү¶һ˿һָǰ㿴ȣʲôԵ𣿡
ҶķۿȥʵУһк춼Ե𣬱ǽָٰףѾⶥȵȣ֪үү˵Ե𵽵ʲô
ܿоһôôˣ
ȷʱ򣬾ϵĸͶڣֻһٳͷ죬Ȼˣ֮ࡣ
һԵĪЦŵΪ㣡
Ϊң
Ҷʵ벻ףͻȻֵôˣԼʲôϵ
ʱ򣬾ͷſھۼˣһ֮²֪ԭסǿľʯ飬ѾݷǣЩȫĽҪҶҵġ
˵Ī翴ҶԪүүǲǻмӵҲˣ
ĪҶԪĳƺֱҶҪȻҶԪҲЦеźӵͷ磬ЩҪҶҵ֮⣬ѾңԸԼĲҵҶң
ʲô
ϢҶ־ϲ
ݷ˸ӣܹжʮСңҶȻҲ֮һֻԭȵҶңȻҲʵȾ֮ףҶֵܣȳֵļҶҵʵ֮ǿ󣬺͹ȥѾͬնˡ
ټϾŵĲҾ磬ҲʲôܣȻĿǰ໹ݷǵĳ˶֪λӦˡ
Ҷչ¶һһҹ֮ѾˣЩʶʱԶң̾ʶˣҶķչٶȣձȻȡţΪƿݷǵİ
ȵǸʱ˳Ͷû׼ܻһЩͺô
Ǵ˵Ҷȱ˵ʱȥͶ˱ȻҶҵɱȵҶҷչ׳֮Ͷ˳ͺܱܿҶҵɲˡ
ĪЦŵӦֻǸʼò˶ãͻԽԽԸ˳ҶңǿߣҲнبŲ׼򡣡
Ҷ㣬ͻСһҶȴɻĵҵ˶ǵĲҵҶңԭǵڱ˿򣿡
ȻᣡҶЦҶԴǲÿ˳˶˴ҵȫᵽסֻǻԼ֮еһָֽפҶңÿǽһĸ˰ȲΪǻḺ𱣻ǵİȫΣյʱԮ֣Ǻ޼ǩЭһ
ҶЩ֮Ķӿϵȴʮе
һֻʮ˵ҶңʮҲǽˣȻֿ϶ֻ಻١
Щ˼ҶңҶҵʵȻˮǴߵĵõԶ֮£еҲҪ롣
Խ࣬ҶҵʵԽǿʵԽǿܷ˼룬⽫һֹĹѩѭ̣
ң϶ַʽۻ׳ģȻȺĴǲڵġ
ֻҪʱģԴ󲿷ǿɶҪкܶʱ䣬ﵽһ̶ȲŻʱ䡣
ҶԶЩæµǣȴðһΪͷ
ӢڣϽµǣ𣬰ĺңΪ֮ǣԼļܹǸµĻôҶҵʵ˸еֲٶȶ
ȻҪ㣬ɲǼ׵飬Ӣ֮Ҳܾ׵ĽǣϾЩУһЩȻʵȲӢڣȴԶԶҪǿҶҵҵĴڣ
ôõǳİ취޿ǿȥǣףǸûкҶ࿹ʱ
ȻҪʱȥɣǧʱųΪ֮Ӣ˵ҶҶߵһ죬Ҫôã


192 ʧ
֮Ҷص䣬׼úòһͨźʩչдУʶȷǳΪҹܹ˳ľȳŵˣҪﵽӯ״̬
ûãĺǾͷһͺҶʶˡ
ľȻǾźүү
Ҷæ߶˽ָ֮УȻŴ򿪷ӭ˳ȥүүүүλôпˡ
ŵ˲٣϶һ˿ЦݣҶԪȴɫأ
Ҷһﲻ֮ô£òλүӳ˰ɣ
Ȼǲܵ£
֮ҶԪ˻ûѾڵүүӺͿˣ˵Ҫ㶫ǧ׼Ӧ
ûͷûԵһ仰˵Ҷһͷˮ׸ոľôֺͿˣҪ͸Լʲô
ЦŵҶԪһ۵뷨һ֮žģǵͿҾͬҵҶһǼΪǡ
ˣǲΣУ
Ҷæֹλүӵļִλܲȸңôһ£
ЦŵҪöָ͸㣡
˵ͬʱ̯ƣ֮аڷһɫİָ
Ҷһ֮˾仰˼ȻҲ֪Ϊʲôүү˵ŵӺͿˣ
žİָԼھҶΪŵŹ͸Ҷ
ҶɫүүָǾԲҪġ
ŰڰֵɱүүһǱƢҰѻ˵꣬ȱż˵ꡣ
ҶȻҶԪԴţֻ˵
㽫ңȴ˵ȫȨŵ飬ҳΪŵζʲôӦװɣ
ҶشҶԪѾȵĵָǾȽģ
үүһ˵⡣Ҷæ⣬žŵףǰô˵˼Ǵʵؽˡ
ŵͷҽָ㣬Ҳؽţöָ˨㣬Ǿŵʵұκ˶Ҷϸ磬𲻰˵ҶҺǾˣڣҲݲҶպǰ;Բģ
ҶԪεûз̹Ȼͬ˾ŵ˵
ŽŵѾûˣԺ᲻УҲ֪ҿԿ϶ڰڵĽˣҲؽˣҽָĿģʵϾǵڽңţǵ㣡
ǲܻŻʲô˵ȻҶңܹŻֻҪǲǣôӴ֮ԸҶңΪҶҵˣ
ҶԪҶĬˣǵȷû뵽ǾŽָҶĿģ
ˣҵĻ˵ˣָȷ㻹ԸµĻôͽٻңеˣ⼸춼ûкúϢڷһ׮£Ժú˯һˡ
Žָϣվ΢ЦĿҶȻҶԴ˵˵Ⱳ˵ʶ㣬ұȣʮͬ㣬ɲҪʧúÿǿǣ
Ҷգգ۾תýҶԪҶϸ磬ԺԸôˣһ͵ˣСһ嶯ѽŲסˣȥ˯һᣡ
˵֮󣬾Ŵӻͳ˾ƺһھƵ˿УѰ֮󣬺ȻЦоƽʹ찡ʹ죡
Ŀž뿪֮ҶԪҶϵöָҶ治֪ԼǸҪǲҪ
ҶԪܸɴվԼˣ޷κҪҪζʲôҪˣζʲô
ߵſڣҶԪȻͣ˽ŲҶڵʵȻﶼȥãĵ㣡
ҶԪҲˣҶȻ֪үүһ仰Լ͵͵ǰӢڵ飬ʵҲʲô¶ˡ
û취Ҫ飬ǼΪΣյģүү֪ǱԼҪţԾ㲻Ը⣬ԼҲֻѡˡ
ָֽҶĿ˰죬Ȼò⡣
үү˵Լˣô͵˾Щ˵գǵھǷǵ
ֲͬѡ񣬴ֲͬĺκһֺҲܹ֤ġ
ֱҹ֮ҶھöָΪģΪ˾ŶԼΣ
ҶҲһ㣬ʱѾˣʱǰӢˣȻʱһ󼱴ٵķͻȻ⴫źȻһ챻˴˿
ҶԪǼٵˣʧˣ


193 ں
ҶȻҶԪֻǰһ󾢷ӹǰȻѾʧȥҶӰ΢΢һһǰҶͺǶԼٶȳ˳ȥҲæתͷžŵסȥ
סķλҶҵĺԺΪҶԪΪѡġ
ȵҶԪϵʱҶѾӴ󿪵ķ˳ɫĵүүǸոշ뿪𣿡
ҶԪ˵ͷڴǲϻϾ˵ĻԽԽòԾ뿪ʱҷֱ˵仰ôôڸҾû뵽˰ûӦ鼱֮ҾֱŶ룬ûˡ
Ҳ²ӦǸ˵껰֮뿪ģҲ֪ȥˣϼһȥʲôͿ˰ɣ
ҶɫޱȵأĻ⣬˫սȭͷ֪ȥˣѾȥʱˣˣүүȥǣοҪæˣߣ
ͷȻһǺţӰͬʱҶԪǰʧˡ
һһǸո뿪Ҷ֮оһġৡֵ֮ܣᣬƺĪȫΪ뿪ʱǺ˹
Ŵ󿪣ҶԪһվȴûкǵӰӣѯʵôˣүӣʲôˣ
ҶԪæղŵľ򵥵˵һµ˵֪ȥˣһ˵οҪǵİòȥӢ˰ɣ
ȻҶڳкüʵǿĲκ࣬ǵֻޣҶԼ
ԴӺҶҶҶ֮󣬼Ҳû뿪ΪҶϣǰæҶҵİȫԳȥʱҲǡ
Ȼ쾹ȻҪһߣ˵Ҫİô˵Ҷ֪пǿУǶֵǿУԲŻʵǿĺǡ
Ȼһŵү˵ĶԣҶ϶ȥӢˣôô嶯УҲȥǣ
˵֮󣬺ҲͬһһʧˣֻҶΪʲôҪźһǰӢڣΪӢڵԺ֮УסһλԼеηĸ֣ܾܿĸΡ
ֻǣҲԸΰ
ںҶ˳ĴȺΣգӲȣҪȥ
ֵܶһ֮󣬵˵ͷҲһȭλҲȥæˣ
漴Ҳ뿪Īɫˮүүȥ취
ʣˣҲҪȥæӢĶ֪ôȥĿҶԪ
ҶԪƬ̺ǾҶҵǵĺϢɣ
ȥĶǳĸ֣ǶΣյĻʣЩʮӡӡǰȥֻķݣԵҶҵš
Ī缸ͬһݷϸȥҲʩչ˼ޡ
ҶҵĪͽڵҶҵȻҲ֪ҶҺӢ֮ĳԹҶ׼ֱӳӢˡ
ǾΪ˼ɣԳٳûжҶȻӢڣֻڣΪĿǰ˽Ӣʵˡ
ܵεʵ֮ǿҶгĸֺҲһĶ֣ôҶһȥ׶༪٣
ҶӢʲôĻĪһҲûа취ԭԼ
ƾԼʮӡʵ˵׷Ҷ׷ˣҲﲻʲôæҪȥ
Ϊ֮ŮĪȻиְбΪ˲Ҷ֪ԼʵݣĪ罫Щȫݷǣڣٶȸݷǡ
ȻոճҶʱͻȻӰһһǰС㣬ôˡ
ȻбĸֲûĻԹԵĴݷǣĵĲҶ⣬Լְ
ǣĪûˣæżĵ󲮲㼴̸ӢڣϧһдȷҶƽ
̻¥߻ɽ˵ҶѣҵҲǣȥ
ӰһۣпǸüڵѾͷˣ㡭
û˵ͱĪᶨĴϵ󲮲ˣԴҶͬԴһҶˣҲˣ
˶һۣεҡҡͷԼԴ֪ˣС㣬ȷҶңԼģ
˵֮ʧǴδֹһʱ˿̣ĪǱ˳˻һ̱ԱߵĴ֮ϣĿãȻĿڵҹգ߶ţҶǧ£


194 ˵Ⱦ
Ҷ޲Լֻܳ򣬺ܾϵӢڡ
ΪںԼ˵껰֮󣬾뿪ҶҵĻôʱѾȥʱ
ȻŵٶҲԼ죬ԼϵӢҲҪһʱʱ䣬ܹʱʱ䣬ſ϶Ӣڡ
ŲôҪȳŵôͱӲӢλ֣лλеµΣȻˡ
Ҷһ߷ٱУһݺݵԼԼǰӢڵԼǸָԼĻܹ֮΢ĵĻô¾ȻήҲٲ֮ǡ
˵ʲôˣôҶľǾܿĸϵӢڣ
һһӰ¹֮£۵糸ıڲãĴ֮ϣ
ԭΪԼҪһʱܸϵӢڣȻҶеǣһʱһʱ򣬾ȻѾܹӢڵľ޴ׯ԰ˡ
ԼѾͨѨȻӣٶҲ֮ߡ
ôһУҲҶԼеңüȻʼոԼߣһĺǣȻԾɫ糣ƺôʱļٸ·ûеļޣ
޵ʵȻǿ˸е£ҶʮҺԼѣ£ԽǿԼҲԽԼӢڵʤȻҲԽ
ʵĿһԼѾеķβҶ̧ͷǰׯ԰
ʱ˿̣ϸ߸ͣҹ˾ӢڵĴ֮⣬̬ƽվׯ԰֮ҲǾĵģ˶˯һû˿Ķ
˰ľҶﲻɻѵ˵ŲûӢڣ˵ˣѾ˲ң
Ҷ˦˦ͷԼҪȥ˲ͷźСĵǣ͵͵ȥҪκˡ
ǵ˵ͷʾףҶǰںɵĶſڵԾׯ԰֮ڣһȻǰУϴҶصĵط
ȻǸ޴Ĺ㳡㳡֮ϻȼգĸ֮ҲǾĵģһжôƽûзκ顣
ҶһεɻˣѵԼ´ˣûӢڣ
ʱǵ˫֮ͻȻ͸һɺ⣬̧Ҷһ¡
ǵҶһôˣǲʲôԣ
ǵͷ֮еĺҲŨأֻǿڲ˵Ҷ޷֪ﲻԡ
ǣ԰꣬һ£
Ҷ۾ȫȫע˶֮ϣʼΧĶ
ģΧüΪİ˲ķߺ΢ŵĴϢ
ҶԶˣ˹㳡֮ϵĸڣĵģȻû˿
ûĿ񶯣ȻҲ޷ҶԺ֮γɻ棬ֻҪˣ˵ҪҪͱزٵĻᷢھȻûǾ˵ĸ֮жûˣ
Ҷʶһ˿ѰԼлֵأ쾹ȻͿһˣ̫ˡ
Ҳ˵ȷӦ÷ʲô
ҶǿԼ侲ԶҲ֪ȥ˶Զľ֮
ͻȻһܼͬսһ޶ֱӳҶĶ֮Уţͬһ㣬ҶԺ֮ӿ
ս޶֮⣬ͬ䳶һĺ¡֮
һٵҶԺ֮б˳
һĿյܣʮڸ֮УǾͬĺһڵȴĵǵм䣬һ˺ϱϸʯ׮֮ϣϢ΢ˡ
˵˰վƺվţһţֻǵĺʮˣҪƽ࣬Ҷˣܷ֡
ľһһеﶼŽھֹ̬һ
ҶȻ۾ΪѾ׹Щս޶ʮĺ֮Ȼ΢ŵŵĴصĴϢ֮
Ҷźǵǣԭڵˣ߰ɣ˵Ⱦ˿ɲ̫á
ǵһ֣ΪҶŵЦζĻ
ںǸ׼ʱҶȻֵǣһӦûᷢ򶷣ܻһĳ֣ҽϣܰҶԸ㷢ԼĶ֣ôһҪ뾡취ߣ
˵ͬʱҶѾһھߵʱ򣬺ҶСֹһ仰ҵѣҲϣΪҶκε⣡


195 Ҷľ
Ҷͺһǰһ󲽣Ź㳡֮һƬԺȥ
ߵĲ첻ÿһóһ㣬˿ֱ˹㳡˺ڰ֮С
ԼղĻ棬Ҷźᳵ·ĴһԺ֮ͣ
Ѿˣѵ𣿡
ҶĻ£䡱켸ͬʱʮִĻȼյͬá
ͻȻ΢΢еۣҶ̲סԱ۾ӭŻѵĹ˹ȥ
ǰľ󣬺ղճĻ漸ȫһΨһĲͬЩڰʮˣһŻѴ˳
ϸ˵ҲʲôյأһĴԺ䣬Ժʯ׮ֱˣֻЩǵϵĶ۴ֵȻӲĴǵļιǡ
УҶԼʶľźţҲԼʶһŮȻǾŽļˣΨһͲˡ
ȻӦǸղŲűץģ˿ȴģÿһ˿ڶɼǣѪ߰ߣһϢҶӲǼһǸεЦݡ
Ҷžĵ˵ͷĿѾԽʯ׮֮ĸˡ
վţмһĿ˴𵤵˫ֽһ֮һغ߽ڱڵϣ֧塣
ĸˣһ⣬ȫǳĸ֣вûҶʶĻףŵǸˣȻӢڵ塣
Ϸ֮ɫҶͺǣڿ֮ʱԵһ˿ž͸ֳ̰
Ȼ˺ֻޣȻ֪ǵĴڣȴû˸ǱޣҲûмע⡣
Ȼ֪˺ǵݣȻҪռΪУȻҪǿɲӡҪͺǴͬĹϵΪ˺ڵ
ڣҶע忪ڵ壬һڵҰɣ
ҲĿƵҶϣϺε¶˳֮ɫһҶˣôͷҲµûɣҾ˵ˣˣҶ϶ҵû뵽㾹Ȼһһô׼
ʵҶ²뿪Ҷ֮󣬾ֱӢڣΪͨô˼ǵûͨԹԼΪʲôûиһץߣҶ˵ָԼ֮ʶڽˡ
ΪŵһӣҲҵĶϣڽָҶͱűľӢڣ׼Լֳ
ȻŻǸ߹ԼȻɹĴԺȴָܣƻ֮µ˾ŶȻ͵͵ܳģôһҶ˷־ŲˣǺ;ŵĽ飬Ȼ᲻һеĸԮ˾һټеĸǣ׼Ҷһֲ
ֻһû뵽ҶȻᵥǹƥǵǰҾȻǰԼµ
һжѾҪˣԸһ˼һǣ廹ʮֵĵģҶûзһո볾Сһȥأ
ɻĻǺֻޡ
΢΢ͣȻǴŬĿͣѲ³˵ߡ֡
Ҷȴ޶һĿֻǶϵ壬ڼȻѾˣҺúÿЩ׼ɣ
ɵα֮ϣĵҶҲǸˣ㲻ѵͲ˿ǿ𣿾֪ҶҵϣԲ̸̸ɡ
ҶҶߣȻ֪ǲܷŹԼԼļģֻϵʱ䣬ΪҲµˣֵܣӦþ·ˡ
ĿǰӢڳ˻׺⣬ĳѾˣôǼʱô˼ԼܹԸǰˡ
ΣֻܽϣںǵϣǲУԼɱﵡ
ô˵ԼҲȫĴƣпܷ̣Ťת档
ңй޹ֻҪܹԼ뿪ĳɹ
ȻȴǿҶһЦҶǲҪӵʱ˵룿İɣǿ϶ἰʱϵģˣǸһ£ӢڵʵӦô󲿷ֵֶǶͽ˵İɣ
ҶﶸȻðһõԤУѾµǾӢڳֵ˵һǸ˽ޣ׵ܵܣһȺˣǰҶңĸ籨𡣡
ʮֺ棬ûκγֱҶңλһҪΪ籨ĳ֣Ľʲô
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷɫò԰ޱȣ嶼ҡ£һ̣˾ĸо


196 ս
û˳ֵıҶҶԪƺĪλʮӡĸ֣˳֣һҪΪֳޣĽָûκε
ҶڼʶǰλӢպͽթҲʶԼۺʧߣ˵ʲôˡ
žˣҶ֪ԼظϵĻҲüǾǾǱɡ
ôǸǸ÷ŸϻȥԮҶң
Ҷ˼ѵľ֮У
һ˿֮ɫҶͻȻ΢΢ںǵĶСǣһֱӹ壬鷳û뿪ȥҶң
úȥҶңȷҶ뵽õİ취ǵٶԼȲϣȫٸϻҶҵĻӦܹ׷ǡ
ת˶ͷĿҶһۺĵ˵ͷ
ʱԶȻһХХҶȻһֵܺͺˣ
ҶȻһ𣺡ǣڣ
£ҶѾ֮ͬһ˳ȥǸûüһ˸ϺɫľһѾݺݵĿ˰סŵĴִ֮ϡ
ꡱһ죬̣ס潣ĽУ׵ıϿ
ֻԼһѾһȵͬʱߴҶžˣ
֮ǰҶѾ˵״
ŲͬƣҼιǱᴩ弫Ϊ֮ȴŵᣬȻΪ󲿷ɥʧҶҲֻѡȾˡ
ͬʱһХͷת·ȥֻ׳צ滹ż׵Ŀռ䡣
Ȼշɱ˳ȥ
Ȼһ𣺡ߣûţҹȥ
ֻһհĿ֮ԼȻϮ
𣡡
һŭ𣬺ǵĿȻ³һһͬʱ֫ص˵ϣצ֮ϣָױǳ࣬˸źıһԼ³֮󣬳˳ȥ
䣡
УӴξȻ޴ıը֮õ˻Ȼص˲䣬÷ָĲµĴֹסԼ嵹ɵͷǲѿһεĽ֣޵ѷһ
һ紵ڰ֮߳һߴӰͷɫƮ裬һɫĳǹпЦݣһźǱƽš
ò߷ƣǿȻ廹ҪἸ֣ȻѱչزµĸΡ
ҶѾ嵽ߣָڲŪһɿ趯ţĲһſֲĺХ֮˹ȥ
ȻҶͻϮеͻȻȴŲæеǽغıӣͻҵȻӲĵסҶÿһ
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Сǳʲôģôӵ˾˵ҿǳصľ磬е˵Ļ¶Ӳ
ҶһʱӰڸϵˡ
һǰľǸҪҶڣתʼվߵλӢڵĳ֡
ܵӢڵǣȻǲǳҲǰأʮصӡ֡
һȺ˷ӵϣΧסڻ潣ųš
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾһƬң˼Ѿսһ
ҶȻڷĶ巢Źȴ۹·˷ȫųе
Ƿŭ˻֮һεĳΣԳֱ˴ս˸൱Σյķš
Ȼǳ֣ôټϱᴩļιǣһΪ໹ʣʮ֮һһҪæžˣһҪԸȺӡ֣һʱ֮æңٴ˼˿ڡ
Ҷк˸ͻȻһȣһɰ˴Ŀ籡Կ֮ӵȥ
ţأ
Ҷ˼ȫķһ֪֮
Ȼû뵽ҶȻʩչĹʽⲻ֮£νˣб趯ĵˮ©ŻˣȻ̧ͷʱǰѾʧȥҶӰ
ʱҶѾȺӡ֮УͬȺһ㣬֮Щӡ̷׷׵ز
ԭҶǹ壬óȥΪŽΧ
Ƶʮ˲ʩչ˼ޣݷһƣֺһˮƮݣЩ½Ƕ
Цһɱ

ڰӢڵȫ˳˲䳡Ѿֶ˶ʮˣȥҶŵ߸֮⣬ܹʮӡĸ֣ҶΧһȺбǳ۾һ㣬һߣճҶ


197 ƶʧЧ
ıӣҶûпһ¼ƶĲ˳ȥ׵˱ӣȻ¶թ֮ɫһ񣬾ͿӾȻһΪΪģķΪˣ̼˰˵Ӱΰ㣬׷ҶƶΣ̼꽫
ƶ԰˵˸鶯ӰȻߵѾʮ˲һֲֻĿյ֮䣬ûܶڰ˸ӣ
ž
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ҶܹٶôҲܶӵĹ˭֪ıӵֳܷٵҶƶǰѾûκơ
ʧȥҶıȺӡѾٴλеıţǳŸղҶΧ֮ʣ˳ϵҲ˳æֵһ㹥ǿ̫Σա
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ҶƴĹʽ϶˶ãϾո볾ڵԼȣȻȴҶȡ֮֮һ֧ʱ֮󣬹Ʒǵǿơ
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ĿȻһĳХͷ֮ϿٵĸֳһӣȻֵıȫһ
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һҶףջӶΪ˷ų磬ôսȻǷԵˡ
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ҵǳ״ԭزҶһʱУӶƿһС
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ҶȻ˫۽գֶԼİ˵磬üͷ
ΪʵڿҶҪʲô
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ڣ˵缸ͬʱײҶϣҺϰΪһȻ۳һֱﵽĴͷһھͽûκηӦҶ˽ȥ
ͿҶ·һƬҶ̼䱻ǿķֱ˦˿Уתķ򲻶ϵתš
ȻһХӿдһ޴ĺɫӰڵϣȻһ죬ֱƺΪ֮һ
Ӱĳʽʵ̫𺳣ڳȻڷͬҶһҶ֮⣬˼ֹͣ˴򶷣뽫Ŀ⿴ͬһһ㴣ĺ´󺺡
ͬһı뺷ϣɢһɾ޴ѹĿһɨȫĿ˿ǵҶһ˿ȣȻƿĿһһĳҶҵˣ


198 һ
ͻȻֵĴ󺺣ӢڵˣҶҵˣûһʶԴ˿ȻĻûŪѹϵ֮ǰ˭Ҳ㿪ڣֻкǵĿзһͳ
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ΪִкȻһɻ˼ǿͬһһͷŵĸסˣԼ޷ֺ
䣡
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ҶѵĻܹҪ˵ʲôΪүүͲҪȥұ°ߵ
֣Գ֣ͬӡԳһʮسڳǰҲ൱һֻһ
ܹһƽģȻֻгĸˡ
κݺݵĵԼĶһۣ治֪ôģôǵһλֲĳĸ֡
󺺳һҲʵߵ㣬ӦþˣղҵĻûУ費Ҫظһ飿
岻΢΢һû뵽ԷȻ֪Լ֣Ҫ֪ԼѾչʮʱˣȻҲʾ˳ֵĿֲ
뵽󺺵Ļмתͷ󺺿϶ҶģԼĻŭԻӢڣӢгԷΪǰԼڣӴԺ󶼽ɷˣɱԼҪʹ㡣
Ȼ֮䣬Լһ˵һתǰݣӦ֪֮Լɣ
Ȼ۾Σʲô˼ѵӢڡ
˵һ룬󺺶ȻͣһЦ˵ͷǰӶӢڵĵϸҲǺ˽ⰡǰҲӦףҾĵӣҲ˵ٻ
󺺵üͷƬ֮ȻˣҾӢڣֻҪǺҶйϵˣҪȫ
ͻȻͣȻתͷһ򣬶˻ƣǽˣӡĸǶоˡ
˷һɹǿȿֺĳ㼯жȥǸ㣬ǰҶǵ޴磡


199 һ˲ʮ깦
ڳˣûһеİôУûиܹ˰磬Ũ
ڼţڵСԺ䣬Ҳڴʱƺһ磬ܵĿʼϡóأֱȫֹͣ
ǣ˵Уһ澰ͷųģҶǵ޴磬ȻҲ뵽һ־ֹ״̬ǣȻֳ״ֻǲת
еҶͷ½ϣϵ˿֮ѪΣžֹ״̬һ𣬾Ư룡
һһ˾𺳵ͬʱҲĲ˼飡
ţһɾ޴ѹҶڵΪģͷų
ѹͬһΰɽһѹ˶ֿҪĸоȻ⻹ֻǿʼ
صѹǷǳһһռĿǰ磬ȵʶĻܻᱻѹѹ壬Ҫߵʱ򣬲ŷ֣Ѿˣ
ÿ˶ܸоԼϷ·ѹһ޴ɽ壬ʱؿԽǳ׵ѹѹ飬ѹ֮£Ѿȫɥʧ˶ĿֻͽȻĳ˾ĵȴɽѹʱ̡
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˶סˣ壬ΪʩչģЩͬ۶ɵġ
ھȻӿҶڣ
ѵҶӵп

ܿķԼ뷨ΪĻҶղӦʩչˣҪðűȥΣա
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һûһ˿ݷĻҶƮ衣
Ȼͣз˺ۣҶûио˿ʹҵĳԼ֮С
ʱʱѪ֮УԼǸɴ󺣱ɻĳȻֱһɫ硣
ı仯ҶѾǼֲˡ
ˮԴ󺣣Ի棬Ե磬ҶԵĴأͷðʱ򣬳Ȼע¿ʼķ仯ȻɫԾɫȴʵĻһƬɫأ
ҲǸʱѾͨʮһѨλӵ￪ʼ綼սڣ
֪˭ַһе쿴
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200 
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ף˼壬ǳγɵսף
ս׾ͬͨеʿĿһдս׵˲࣬Ϊ򵥵ԭ򣬾ս׹ȻܹķȴӰٶȡ
֮սǵ˳ٶԶȷҪҪ򲻵ңȫԷȫ
پս׵ļ۸ΪҪĲ϶࣬ս׵ļ۸ԶԶһս׿ϺüмУʦԸսס
ȥϵԭ򣬻һҪԭǾǳĸǣڴﵽ˶سľ磬֮󣬿ԳŽԼĳ۳սףҲǳף
ȻԼĳۣôǵ˿շ磬ڷҲȫʵġ
˵гѾõһ
еĳԶ۳սףܹ۳׵ˣȴٵĿ
۳׵ĸʣ˵۳ĸʲеţȴҲ̫Ҫ࣬ԣʵͻԵ
ҶǷǳˣ˵Լ˵ԼΪʲô۳ɳס
ųϣҶȻ˫ۣһת˫ȵվ˵ϡ
˲״̬֮УҶû˿оģԵ˶ֹͣ˴򶷣עԼʱ򣬲еĪ
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ʱ򣬺˷֮ĺϲ㣬س۳˳ףȡ
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ҶȻ֪飬ǶԼϷ黹֪ģΪĿԼĳɫĻ棬ɫĴأյԼ۳һսס
Ȼ󺺿εΣղҵĻûУҿĹӢڣҶҪȫߣ
Ŵ󺺻£ûοڣҶüͷһ壬һѾվ˴󺺵ǰ̧ͷĵӢڽ˭ߣҲܺ棬˭йϵˣƾʲôҪߣ
仰Ե൱ˣһɣ·ʱ޷Զǿת֮£ƣֱҶѹ˹ȥ
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Ȼεеϲɫڴȥȡ֮ǿ־𾪣Ȼǣ˴˿̼ͬ顣
Ҷʹ󺺣ңǵУһжѾʧֻʣǰĶԷ
ǵɢƣǵƣǰһϵΨҶĿԵ
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СӵйŹ֣
ƵĽ󺺾ȻҶ
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ղεǾ仰Ҳܲ³ڣȴȻֻǽ󺺵˳ĸ֡
ţҶѾ˴󺺵ĴҶҽкҼҴСĪĺѵģ
һԷȻĪģҶһæɢƣתĹΪ˼֣еˣ
ҶԼĳƺúЦãˣļ֮⣬˭ҺԼֵܣ
ǰʮëͷСӣȻ
ʮ꣡
Ȼ뵽Ҷʵ䣬ȻЦˣҲëͷСպĺпܳΪԼͬ
뵽ͬҶ˹ֵҶϵܿˣ㻹ǺҺϸɣ
ƺ뵽ܣҲǺһɻ䣡
ڵ˿һĻĻͬڵˣĪܶҪˣ
Ҷȴûʲô쳣Ȼɫˣϸ磬һȥҶˣҶֻӡĸ֣ҲҶң㻹ǸϽȥɣ
ԼԴٺһЦҶϵܣҼҴС㵹ĵûԷģӢڵЩȥҲ٣


201 һս
ҶĪ磬Ȼھž֮ǵͻ̫ˣ˼ǷȱڲŻᱻŪڹ֮ϡ
ͳһǳ˾Ϻ꣬ܿǲӢ͵Ϯ⡣
ҲĪ絣ĵֻҶİΣôֻҪܹʱҶ´󼪣ԺʵӢڶǴ´ࡣ
뿪Ī֮˺ܿһ취ǾǺǰӢھҶҶұĪİΣ
Īóǰԯ֪ͨĪɽٴȥӢڣǶ֮٣Ҳ֮
³ٶٿ죬صԯǣٴĪɽǰǣǸ÷Ѿˡ
ĻҶȻǸĺϢɫȴʱˣѾʶ˺ʵ֪ԲڴţȻһҪֱޣ׶༪ˣ
һˣ鲻ŭͷ𣬶򵨱͵͵Լĸ׵ղ˵Ǹ֮Լʲô
ɫĵȲҪܣ׼ô
ֻҪܱ֤󺺲ǳ֣ôҵȻҪҶˣ
ηֻǴ󺺶ѣˣڣǶûзȻҶղչ¶ĳ˲״̬ȷʵǣ˵˵ȥҶҲͶس
ղŲǴͻȻֵĻڹƶҶҵˣ
γƬ̵ģ󺺾ԲӢڵ˳֣ҪɱҶĻҲ϶ӲɣסҶҪȽˣɱ
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常ʱ򣬺ҲͬԴķʽҶͨţҶϵܣȻ˴С֮㣬ԼҲΪĳЩԭ򣬲ܶӢڵ˳֣Խɴʹ˸뿪Ȼһֻܸɿţﲻæ
Ҷû뵽ȻܶӢڵ˳֣ҲûʲôԹ˼ԼΣѾĶˣԼﻹҪʲô
˿ԾһϢľǣҶѾ˾Ӣ֮һս춼ѾزˣԺǶˣͷûϵϸ磬һԿżɣ
˵֮Ҷת壬֮ǲ֣֮첻Һ;֮飬Ҳǣ޹ˣҲҺҵһս
ҶȻԼսζϲüң춼ڰӢڰ
⿴ۺһս
ҶȻ˼ٴתźϸ磬Һ֮ĶԹϣ㲻Ҫ֡
εķ˷ۣͲ֣û취˭ôС㿴Ҷأ
Ҷᶨ֪ԼӦǲеģԺܸɴĵͷУ
˵УȴֹţҪǲˣҾͲ֣Σգҿɾʹ뿪ˣ
õĴӦҶͷлл
壬˰ɣ
ɣ
ΧԾط׷ȥ¶мһյأҶߵ룬Զվ
ҶĿ壬Ƕĵͷɣ
ʲôȫ޿֣ɲԼܸҶ
ˣô㴦ãˣҲҪӢ˵ֻҪ㽫ŵ˽Σ
ͻȻЦҶҶҲ̫ƵԼ˰ɣΪһֵܵô˵ͷҿɲӦ
ҶһüͷվͻȻǰҵͬʱ˳ֽ潣Ҷ
һϢľҲ̧ͷҵģ
۸Ҳͬҧгݵĵǵģ
ȻЦĵǻ˼ڣǵӢڵģ飬Ƕˣ
ֵܶһۺ壬ǵģ
ҡҡͷĵҵģ
Ҳ֫ߵҶ󣬷һͳĺУȻ˵ҵ
˵Ҷﷺů⣬ٽһָѾҶгֵֵܲܵЩֵˣ
ʵϣҲ壬Ҳ֪ԼΣЦĿ˿ͬ˵ðɣǾҳԵӦˣ
ҶĿעǾϸ磬㸸Ϊ֤ϣ˵ʼɣ
һƴЦһ߽ڱһһɳֻ粢ǴҶǰԼϡ
÷ƾƣ
ɲ֮䣬ξȻͻأĴ˵ǰʧˣ


202 ۾
ͬһƻԼ϶ҪҶ£Ȼ𹥻Ͼ֮սռһȻҲǶ˼ʤ㡣
ʵһ㳾֮Ķս϶ͳֹǻ̽Է
ղҲۼʶҶͺ֮֮ƺҶĶ֣Լαȥ˷ѲҪֱӹҪĶࡣ
Ҳûʧİ֮£徹Ȼתٵ˶ٶȱǰҪһ࣬˵۾޷ϡ
ҲӵеսҶǰĳսǷԵģڷĲݿ˵ǵ˵ӦֵĵزȻܹӿٶȡ
󶼲òϣһսȷʵжֶ֮սԷƶ۾ʧȥãƾʲôܹ˴أ
Ҷȷ޷һΪ粻ƶٶȼ죬ҲתķҲסΣҶ۾ܹǿ׷ƶȴ޷֮Ρ
˾ͿһŲ磬ССĿյ֮ϣԼٶȣҵҶ˹ȥ
ž
һǱӺݺݵĳҶ壬ȻҶгױǾ޴ײȴʮֵĲˬ
ž
һ޳Ҷ
ҶʩչƶҲͬΧſյشתûã
ΪƶѾǳ˽⣬֪ÿ߳ʮ˲֮һݵĿյҶ߶ʱ򣬸ǵȵյ֮ʱŻȻһӣҶ޴ɶ㣬ֻӲİϡ
Ҷʵսȫڱľ棬˽սһʼѾվ
ĦԼ°ͣôأ
ս֮Ҳŵע֮սΪǶ֪˽ֵĽǽվ棬ʤһӮֵԹսҪš
ҶܹϽ취Ťת棬Ȼȥǰܳŵ˶ã
ʱȴԽԽʹ죬ƺѾԿҶԼֵ֮龰̲סЦҶҶȰ㻹ǹԹɣʡﶪˣ
£ԭͬڸƶ״̬µҶͻȻͣΣվԭأң۾
һĻ۵ĶӶϱ̲סһ૵ĵʱ۾ѵλǰѾ˵ֿ
Ҳǳд˵뷨ҶΪƶԲŻᱻھȻֱ۾ܲƾԸɣ
ٺãҲ۾ʹ
ǵĲ¶ˣҶеãȻ֪λֹĹʽǵ˵֮ͻȻȻʡ
Ȼ۾ԼΪʲôöأ
ԼĶѨѾ֮ͨǿܹȵģֻҪԼܹƶʱķƾԼٶȣӦþƵֹ
Ѿȫס˺˲ԾסͣȻҶȡʤԼ;Ҫκεŵ
忴ҶȻ۾ǵ˲ѣЦУͬǰһƶ˸ѵλ֮Ȼһ޺ݺݵĳҶ
ҶĶУŸָͣ˽ľ֮£ǱˣȻ¼СҲ¡¡졣
е֮УԷΪңȻƶͻȻһĺХ֮ͬʱҶԺ֮Ҳ˲乴ճһ棬һ̵߽ڱޣԼԼ˹
Ҷû˿ԥͷ̧潣ִ̳
ﬡһ죬潣Ȼ׼׼Ļ˱ӵıǿ֮ñƫԭĹ򣬳˸գ
˼ɵˣҶ۾öȻı۾ЧҪõĶ࣡
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫȻĵѵСӵʶ֮Ѿʶˣ𣿳ؾʶʶˣܲܣһֻȱҪǿ㣬ˣ
һλգҲеȣȴҶܹλΪԼƶǻӱ޵ٶȶڷİ֮£ﵽһޣóΪҶֻɡ
ٵĻ˸򣬵ڶٴκݺݻ
ﬣ
һ죬Ҷ潣Ľٴ׼ȷĻ˱
岻аļλӱޣһͬġﬡ֮
ʮ޶һһҶС
ȻɺϣҶܹ׼ȷжϳԼĹλá
ʱ򣬺˼̲סҪˣȴƴסͣԼκŵҶ
һתȴǳӢڵ˴Ƕʲôǵ
ʱӢڵʮӶî˻ź֮춯أ¡죡


203 ŭ
ͻȻ֮ź¶Цݣȴ֮ɫҲûа취ȥֹ
Ǹٺ٣еٴ㣬ҵҪ㻹ܲұӵĻӶ֮
ڼ춯صУһεľӺݺݳҶ
ȻһҶƺۿӶҪ䵽ˣȻһе潣ҲǴ£ֱָ档
˶Ϊãһ޿϶ܹҶʱҶȴͻȻĴվĵطʧˡ

һĿϺɫâȻ֣ĲҽҲΧΧѾʧӸƶ״̬оֹǰ۾Ҷƽƽ潣֮ϹһѪֱ֮϶һ˿ڡ
δ𣡡
Ѫ䵽˵ϣ
֮ɫĶҶʵ벻ͨҶҵԼ׼ȷλãҳԼģ
ʵ֪Ҷ֮ߣ׵εԱ˵ʮ˷ĺˣֻ֮Ҫ
ղֻǵԽƫıӣʵȴԼһĶã׽ƶĹ켣·ߡ
ȥƺĿĵƶһĹ켣ѭ
Ҷڽƫʮ֮ƶ켣ʩչƶʧǰͽƶλãȻݺһ˳ȥɹƵġ÷ƾ
ɫ࣬ƺһȻٴޣεٷˣȻѾãôҲûҪʩչͬˡ
ֻ߽ڱڿдһƬΣһΪˣ˰˵ӣ̶֮ġ˻˻ƿ֮˲ϢҶǰ
ǰҶһϳĿΣ۾Ҷȴ¶һ˿΢Ц֮䣬ȻܿһУ
ȴˣһ޹û˿ͣһ̽ʹ
һޱһ޿죬һޱһ޽ɲ֮䣬صϷѾȫııӰ֣ƿ֮಻
ҶȻ۾¼ıӰ֮ش󣬵ȴܺˡ
ʵܼ򵥣Ϊÿʩչİ˵Ӱ֮УʵмӰֻƵģǰҶ۾ȻȻöӰʵޣԲܹͬ׵ķֱƶʵޡ
һһȻҲʧȥЧ
ûһУһֱڶܵҶͻȻΪ潣Ȼǰ̳һϺɫĹâһȵϢڿл۳һȼܻľ޴嶵ͷ¡
ͬʱҶٴιʧˣ
ǡ𽣾ĵڶУŭ
һֺֿݣϻ޴ɶ㣬ֻܴæе߽ڱޣ֮Ϲâ˸ȻҲȫ
䣡
߽ڱ޺ͻݺݵײһ𣬻ʱ֮ɢȴַһƺߣΪ߽ڱ֮ϺȻһȼյĻ棬¶֮ˣòӵԼ߽ڱޡ
ͻȻֻԼ֮ϴһɴֻüһ˫ֺȻӵץסĽףȻǰһڣһѾ˫ָ˵¡

ֿͺٺЦˣʩչ˵һ
ϵľ֮ɫأײӦˮԣǻԣڵԣСӾȻܹͬʱôԵĹĳӦǵһˮԣ
䣡
һһӵ´յ֮ϺȻһԲҵľ޴֮Ϸɳʯơ
Ƭ֮ҶޱĵѾϵһֱֻ۵壬߳˵ǰ
壬ˣ
Ҷ£һ֮ڱ˷ܵĻ̫֮ˣ
ţţ۵˴˿Ҳ¶ϲɫ
෴ӢЩɱŵĵǣȴǲҰһƬ
ؾҶȻĻ˳ؾ壡
屧ԼĶϱۣɫ԰׵ĴӵվĿҶͻȻ¶һЦݵôΪܰȫ뿪Ӣڣ㻹棬ʲôͷȫǷƨ㣬ҵļ֤ˣҶӢڵˣһλ֤ҵ˵Ļκ𣿡
ҶȻת˺󣬶Ǹ̯̯֣˼ԣȻǼ֤ˣ˵ᶯӢڵˣİﲻҶ
ô֪˰ɣӮңҲһҪͻȻΧһǻʲôɱǣģһȺ
һղ˿Ӣһεһӵϣ׼ڶֵĹҲǰ


204 ʥǹ
˵ɫȫˣڿҶʤ֮ǻΪĲܹ˾ŵĴ𣬶һȫˣû뵽徹ȻϺҶĶˡ
Ȼûս֮εʵǶǶ֣ҶǿҲܴĹֻҪһ˾ɱ˰Ҷڵˣ
úĻǺҶģղŻһӢڵһλ֣ΪʲôֲܶӢڳˣ
вҲûȥʺ˼ֻ˵˲ɱӢڵˣû˵ɱˣ
ᴫҶлʩչߣǿ϶׷㣬ɽڣûգԺеǱĻᡣ
ҶĵҪߵĻӢڵ˵ȷ׷ϣ˼ʵԼҲߵ˼
壬ŵ˸زʶȫǾԼΪȺڵӵ񣬱ֻҪҶȻžŵͬһ
ֻҲ˼ֱ˵ԲϣҶܹߡ
Ҷ벻뷨΢΢һЦԼǰҸӣԽֱߵ˺˵ǰ۹⻷һȦˣڣȻѹһǣסΣһߣҪƴ
ֵüͷҶ֣أ
᲻İһ۵ϻȻһߣѵΪӢڵܹסʱ͡
ҶЦŵͷ˵ĲʩչǶԸңߣҶϺû
ȵͷֵԥһºҲ˵ͷֻкԼ˫ǻ۵ĹâעҶ
ҶĺǵԴº͵ĵǣҲԥһҪߣֻˣҲܷߡ
գҲĵ˵ͷ
׼ˣ
˵۵ʱ򣬲Զ֮ĺһԲȤעǡ
ҶתҸӷЦ尡壬޳ֵܵزҲǿ۽ˣѵΪܹ𣿡
Ҷ󣬻ЦҶΪҲ֪ʲôǲͬߣģǣ뿪Уŵ϶˭Ҳ߲ˡ
ԼļƻһεıУҶȴû˿ľȣ΢ЦŵϻˣΣѾзˣѵͲΪҸᣡ
£Ҷ˽һͬһһΣͬʱзһ𣺡ߣ
ķӦ죬ûҶĻ£Ѿ˲ʧֻصڿУλһ
ֵܶһۺһҧҲȥ
Ӣ˸ȥ׷Ѿǳ׷סŵ˾У
ĬĬĿҶ֮󣬲ûܣתվ˾˵ǰΧЩƴ׼óӢڵǣ췢һǺ
УҶæ֮תͷһĻǣ߰
ȴǳֿͣ¶һЦ漴Цʧֳ˲̺Ŀ⣬ͻȻڿԾ𣬳Ӣڵĳ˹
ͬʱХӰԶĿٳ˹ȻѾߵֵȥ
Ҷ֣ȵģ㶼ûߣô˼ߣ֣һ֮
ֵ˵ϣžĵߣ˫˫Ӣڵĵӣ
ҶüëʵѾ˱֮ģҪžŵһԹߣû뵽˺֮⣬ֵܺͺǾȻˣ
Ҳǲ߶Ҷͷ䣬֮һ䶯ԴȻ˳һɥĵҾ֪Ƕûߣ˰ˣǲߣҲˣҿĿǰƣǺһ䰡
ո£ǰͻȻţǰͻȻһ˰ɫǹͷǹͷٵתţγһУеһСĺڶ
ʱúʧȥеǣĶԼԽԽǹͷȻ֪ܣۿԴҪ׶
Ϊ룬
εҶһĻѪҺȼͬʱҲǴΪɻΪİɫǹȻηģǸû˲ݣеĺɫǹԼ潣һѵǹ
ҶҪԮεĳǹ֮ϾȻһӴĲסԼģá
ˣͬ˭ҲȺᣡ
ǧһ֮ʣ̾˿̧һУǱ˲ݵĳǹʱƣһЦΰΣĳȻʥǹѹôسأ


205 
ץǹĵ£ͻȻһգǹʱмϳأֻЦһǹħӵȳ֮ңҵľ磬ҲܳΪ֣ϧϧûһˡ
ʥ֮ͬеʥһǱ֮Ĵڣ˵۶ɣͨ飬Իء
ʵҲкû֣֮õľʥʥ೾ֱΪʥԣԶһ㳾ɱȡ
ʥĸʿ˵֮һӵʥˣȻԶһҪĶࡣ
ںĻ˵ķӦͬ־û뵽ξȻһʥسľ磬ѹǶĶ֡
ȴ֮ɫ˫Ŀ֮ӿֳ˿־壬Ǳǹһ䶷ǹ׵ľͽҶԶĶźǰⷬʲô˼ѵΥ֮Լ
ٺһЦ˭˵ҪΥ֮ԼˣֻʵΪ֤˵ְѣղҶӵĶԼҶˣȴ֪֪ƽ᲻õˣԡ
Ȼߣһǿɱ˲ȫҶˣȡʤƷɣҵҪ˭ҷ
ں̬ȵͻȻת䣬Ҷһʱ֮еܲˣ˴˶һ֮ͻȻһٴԾſѪڣһھҧһλӢڳֵʺ֮ϡ
־Ȼû˿ķֻ˫Բɣ־壬ɺǷ˺Լʺ顱һصԵڵء
ոմӹŹתһȦĺһתһ˦һ׳һ֡
ͬԾû˿ķĿֱӶԼţһѪ߸ߵУҲ浹ȥ
ٺһֵǻʲôڲܷץʱ䣬ɱǣ
˵ЩӢڵĵǲǲ뷴ǲܷÿ˶ܸоһɻεǵ壬Ǹ޷ֺֻվȴĵ
ҲȫˣһǺֽţ
Ȼ̾ʵֱѾﵽĵزȻܹϢ֮Уס˵壬һԵƣӢڵȫܶҶҺ;ŵȴǸ
ʱǣᣬֵܣţ۶׷ױ˴õĻᣬôܹһɱ֮չ
ӢڵˣǶѾǺ޵˼㣬ǳǣôʱίڱȫȫɱ顣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ӢڵĵѾһ룡
κ嶼ɫ䣬ҪԮǵҲסˣ޷ֻĿԼµĸǷ׷׵ء
δǰѾΥ˳֮Լ
޹ĵСһɲ˵Լµ̫ˣʲôϵվǶû
ȷȻ˶֪ǺڸǸҲ֤ݡ
ʱҶȻһס֣
˶ʱͣɱתͷĿҶʱΪʲôԼס֣Ҳں档
Ҷȴǿ壬¶һ岻Цݣ壬ٸᣬֻҪ㽻ŵ֣ҾͲɱ㣬ɲɣ
һ⻰ŵ˺ͺǶסˣΪףҶȻҪ
΢΢һзŹĵ˵㻰
ҶͷҪǺһĻ֮أ
˵Կɲ㷢ģһΥĻӦģ
˵ɫѾȴǴϲã˵˵
Ҷͷź֣鷳㣬Ƕ
ĿѸٵĿʼһһ֣ǱֵˣɫʱòҰޱȣľ˳
Щ֣ҶֳŵǰǿԶˣ
Ȼ˶Ҷⷬʲô˼ǳ˾ǰҲûйѯʣ˾֮⣬ŵǰ䣬Щ˵
ڳ֮⣬еѾȫҲæҶڶˣ÷Ұɣ
Ҷ壬΢΢һЦûߵ˾ŵǰе潣ݵУվүүҴӦ㣬ͷģԹȥȡˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷ潣һȥѾŵɫ˻ţҶ˵˲ɱҵģǷĵġ
Ҷĵ壬˵Ҳɱ㣬û˵˲ɱ㣡
ƭӣҪɱ㣬ǶʲôϽɱɱ
Ƿһ㣬ĳţȴûѾߵǰ˿ȻӶе潣
䣬ĽȻֹԴ˲ӣ䵽˵ϣ


206 ˲Żᱣ
ӢˣŵĴڵñĿԼӵĿѣ۾ҪɳۿȴȻܶ
һץסͷԴ߻Ҷߣ潣ݻͬʱ˫֮᣺Ҷлл
Ҷľŵļ򣬾潣˹ȥ
ɱڵҶεҲ¶һ˿η壺ҪʲôҶɱҵĶӣѵҪɱң
ҶߵεǰĵΣɱԭһΪĸףΪ㲻Ӧвϸ磡
û׹Ҷ˼Ҷ潣ѾϺɫܻ档
潣ֱĴ͸εţҲûΪʲôҶ˵ԼӦв
γҶٶ࿴һΣߵ˺ǰʩһлϸԮ֣ݶ飬ҶԶסģ
Ĺâ˸СӣղŶ˵һ仰ʲô˼
Ҷԥһ£һָԶǸһĳ֣СǸӦǰɱģʵǰѾΥǸԼμȻԼв㣬ôֻҪԺͿʱв㣡
Ҫ󻼣õİ취ɱֻˣŲὫй¶ȥǰԼֲܶɱӢڵˣϸͣɱ
еòѣȴǳ𾪣ΪҶ˵ȫԣʵѾҪɱڳĳҶ֮ˡ
ȻԼȷΥ˳֮ԼֻҪĿһе˶ˣôȻҲû֪ˣ
ҲΪʲôͻȻ֣סӢ˵ԭ֮һһԭ򣬾ΪҶЩ֮Ĳ벻Ĺϵ͡
Լ뷨Ҷһƣú󾪲ﲻѣҶ֮󣬺Ȼ¶ɱҶɱ˵ģֹӢڵˣѣôѵͲҽҲɱ𣿡
ԺɱҶȴ¶ЦݵҪֵĻͶˣϸԷģҶﻹŵˣûһ˻Ὣ˵ȥģ
ǿҶ֮󣬵˵ͷЦѹѾͷῴ㣬Ǹ˲ţ㣡ˣûˣҲԻȥˣҶڣ
£ӰѾҶǰʧˣҶȴзŻղ˵ĵһ仰
ֱѣʲôأʣЩô죿
Ҷعŷе˶ڿԼ
Ҷֿ˿ܣŵѾֵԴòã׼ȥԼͬš
αճ˻ҽӢڻʣ˴жʮ࣬ȻѾˣȻҲʧˣǻһҶվ֮ɫȴҶþ
ҶĿһһЩӢڵĵ֮˵ҲӦΪûвɱţҲΪҸһᡣ
һȻлĻᣬЩ˵жʱ¶ϣ֮⣬ûԸֻҪһ˿ĿܣǶᾡȥȡ
ҶͣһµֻҪԸҶңôܻ
ʱ򣬺׸ղҶɱ֮ʺסֵԭˣԭҶ뽫Щȫ뵽Ҷҡ
ȷܱ尲ģΪϸ֮ˣ͵ҲǰӡҶǼΪȱ˵ʱܹЩͳͳյҶңôΪҶһʵǿ
Ҫ࿼ǣЩӢڵĵǣѾԼͬȫҶǰͬĵҵԸ˳ǰ
Ҷ˵ͷȻԸҶңǲǾͿԸǣ´ˣǽˣԼУҪô벻ҪҶ˵˰ɣ
ܹأʮӡˣһˣҶ˼ȻһˣҪõҶΣôɲǿտڰ׻˵ġ
ٴף
ɣ
Ҷߵ˾ŵ˵ߣ¶ǸĵλǰôҲȲѣϣǲҪҡ
ŵ˱ȻÿһӢڵ˶Ǻ֮ǣҶȻΥҪӢɱԸҲǳףûҶ˵ˣڿܶѾ˵֮
ЦŵҶô˵ҵĸ鰡
һЦ֮ҶҲٶ˵ʲôתͷ¼Ҷҵ˵ڣǾͽӢڵĵӣȫټлҪ˵


207 ӹӢ
Ӣڵĵӣ˱ңǺͰĳפ֮⣬ﻹʣ½ǧҡ
ӢθӺгֵټʣĸֶѾԸҶңǧȻ׵׷ʲôǶӢѾʵׯ԰ѾǸҶˡ
ҶҲѡȥȨҪ࿼ǣ˶Ը
Щ˵ӢڣֻΪиõȻӢûˣµ˱Ǹǿʲôأ
ǵӢϽ֮лһЩݺӵСҶʱؿƿȲҪ˵ȥֻʱƿӢڵĴӪȻշ
ΪҶʼյҶҵİΣú˶ﴦʣ飬º䣬ӢڵĲҵȵƷ㣬ԼǴźҹҶҸȥ
Ȼ˵Ҷ˰бĪ磬ûۼҶƽ֮ǰȻȫġ
ûǵңڿҶһ֮Уʮʬ壬һ˵ĳżƣȻĵܵˡ
ЩԭҪ͵ϮҶҵӢˣȻҶҵı߶ûţͱɱ˰·ϡ
Щʬ壬ҶһģźǼҸȥ
ҶȻƽ£󲿷ֵ˶֮УֻдǵƻԻͣҶԪһȻе㽹黹ǱȽƽġ
Ҷź߽ҶԪԳһվˣλǰûƭңôһ˻ˣϵأ
ԭҶ˵ƽҶﻹеɻΪʵƽͷˣⷬʱˡ
ȻλѾǰ֪ͨĪ硣
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ܹӢڣȫǺİƺĪ岮ҶȻҪĪʾһ¸л
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ҶԪҲûϸʣ֪ĻǽϾľԿҶȴĻش
ȻҶȴżش𣺡үүģ˶û£ӢҲûˣ鷳󲮺лȻҼȥҶǱߵ֣ЩʬҪɾ
ҶԪ΢΢һɲ֪ʬ飬ҲΪʲôҶҪԼҶǽл֪ҶôȻ⣬ûйѯʣ̰ҶҪԸȥ
Ҷеƣı۾ҶԪ۵ĵ㶼һҹˣϢϢɡ
Ҷ۾ЦЦãȴǻˣҡ
˵֮Ҷ۾һϵʱ䣬رط˴սһҲȷеˡ
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ʬ壿
ҶҶͬʱһ㶡
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Ҷȴվүү׼ƥǼ̶ǰӢڣ·ϣһὫ鶼ǵģ

һʱ䣬˲ŸϵǣҲǸʶˣҶܹһҹ֮صٶʵ̫ˡ
ҶԪ˿ǰ޴ׯ԰Ȼ·Ѿ֪ҪӹӢڣȻе㲻ţھȻѾҶҵĲҵˡ
õϢֵһӭׯ԰ŵΪˣڰ
˽Ĵ֮ҶүүףȻһѶ͵ҶԪǰүӣӢڵԼԭӢϽֱҵķȵȣΪʵ̫࣬һһ㣬ҳƣֵܼӦóһĿ


208 Ѿͷ㿴Ű
һҹ֮䣬ƿеӢ߽⣬һȫӢھʹʧ
λϽӢڵĴӪѾȻԭȵѾʧȡ֮Ҷ֣
ЩϢǳ˳һڼʱ֮ھѾȸ½עĳ˺Ӣй֮⣬ȴǲûʲôرע⡣
Ϊȸ½֮ϣӢΪ٣н磬ÿ춼µ֣Ҳоɵ¶Ҳƽĺ֮Ͻһ˿ܿͻָƽ
ǵҶ֮УҶҴϵ˶æĽͷöΪӢĲҵʵ̫̫ˡ
ϾһǧɣǲƸȵȸԴĻ۶Ǵﵽ˾˵ĳ̶ȣҪȫӹܣҶǵˣѶȵġ
ڵҶʵҲǽȣȥѾԸҶҵֵܺͺ֮⣬ԭȵľϵۣµ£յŵԸҲΪҶҵһӡ
ۣźžǳ֣۵ĶӶϱʮӡ֣ټԭӢڹ˳ĵӡ
ҶĿǰǳ־ʹﵽλ֮࣬лҶͺǣʮӡĸǳ˶ʮˡ
ǿʵȻȲϵӢڣҲ̫Զˡ
ˣҶʽ˶ӢֱҵĽӹܣһҪʼձЩΪǿӲԭȹ˳Ӣڵҡ
СûһԸΪ˵ĸӹΪ˺òӢڵˣǵȻô˻ָ
ΪǵΪɢǸռһĻùһܻΪҶǱڵĵˣҶ˽ǵϸʵ֮󣬱㰲źȳ֣һǰȥշǡ
ϵѹ֮ΪˣҶҲһЩô˵ԭÿҪӢڽɵ˰ƷȣڿӦٵȵȣ£ġ
ȻЩʱЩͷǹԹˡ
ҶԼȥңǣҵ˻ף
Ӣڽһ֣Ҷ̽ԸΪ壬ҲԸԸҶܱ
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֮µʱȥ֮ԭӢڵеһУҶУҶҲʽΪеһңĲ档
Ӣһ㻨ǧʱ䣬Ҷȴµʱ䣬Ȼ˵̵Уõ˲˵İǹ׻ΪҶҳҶš
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ҶԪЦеĶҶ˰ٸװɵ֪СӶڸ·ǳĲϣҾͲûһ
Ҷүүû˰ɣӦֻǽҵɵܵܿҲǰ㣬һ
ҶԪҶԹԵĵȻҲ޳ôͳɼңѾǳ֣ȢϱҲ˵ùȥˣɣֹ磬ϵ⼸Ҳ̸ˣ˵ϸǣ뽫Ѿͷ޸㣬Ҳ֪Ѿܾһˣ˼ŮΣҪپܾĻе㲻ˣԼŰɣ

ҶŴͣһĪѾͷ۵ˣھȻֶһ£


209 
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ȻеƤǾǼҵ֮Ը˲٣ҷǳ£ټϸð䣬ȷȡᣬҿѾͷȢҶҰɣ
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ҶԼһѪԵ˴ϣ
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Լүү
װҶԪһƽҶΪ¾ѡεˣҸϵ˵ˣ֮˵
ҶһִӴϱĵĵүү֪ˡ
һΰˣҪǵʱ㻹ûĻҾֲˣүүû㿪ЦȢĻ˭Ҳģúɣ

Խٽԯǣ뵽Ī磬ҶоԽ
Щ飬һ㴰ֽôκεӰ죬һǲ㴰ֽͱƣǸоɾͲһˡ
ͨҶԼѾµĪܶ˵ݿ²ֻ¥ٵңӦúħʮڵĳĹϵȻĻӵǿıڵġ
ҶҲû뵽ĶӺŮΪս֪Īĸա
Īʲôүү˵һҶңΪԼǧְҶҹ滮¼ңɳĳǰӢڰԼҶҺԼĶ飬ʵԼԻر
Ī磬ҶȻҲеޣǳ֮⣬ҲûκηǷ֮룬ҲûоĪԴԼʲôͬҪǣԺ֮УһŮӰ
ȻŮϻе˰̣ǲ֪ΪʲôԼʱ޿̶ǣ
֮ҶĲ֪ڸʲô̬Ī硣
ԽԽҶʲô룬һ񱼣ԯǡ
ĪɽҶ¶ЦݹΪҶ֣ϲϲ
ҶȻ֪ĪɽϲʲôЦŻĪ֣ͱȡЦˣúϸǰȥңڿ㶼ˣˣͺϸڲڣ
ϸ磿
Īɽ¶𾪣ҶȻ˳ƺ󲮲Цϸ磬˼˼Ҷ֣ҽʲôò˰ɣ
ҶϲһĪ˵ЦˣصصŰлͺϸġ
ĿɲˣΪ˵£󲮲ǰոջȥĪɽ˸ϷʵЦݵҪҰҼҵַ㣬ȥ
Ī粻¥Ҷûɵ˿Īɽĺ仰æֵˣˣҾðʧţʵ̫ͻˣһǸɣ
ʲôʱ˵Ҷְҽߵʱһٹң˵ˣһҪչ˺㣬û¾ͳʱסɣͻˡ
Īֵĺ⣬ˣҼڵĪҲӦ֪ʵڼȱ֣һȻȥ´ɡ
УҶøʱ䣬Һҽ㵽ʱڼţҶٰһˡ
Ҷͷʱ䣬ǣ֮ɣ
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Īɽתת飬ͷãǻͷҽˣҾ͸˵Ӧò£Ǿͻٴμˡ
ĪɽⷬҶû룬ֻǵͨĿ׻ֱ˴˺˼䣬뿪
ҶԶȥıӰĪɽϵЦҲʧĵҶְҶ֣Ϊ㣬󲮲飬ҵ֪ˣڼܷϧҸ㣡ҪȥҼңǽ֪жˣ
ʵĪɽʵʵ˵ĻôҶ϶᲻һеǰڣΪĪ˵飬ҲĪĵģԲŻһٶĪɽҶȥˣŭףǵʱ鷳ˡ
Ƭ֮Īɽת߻¥ǰһˣĪɽüͷߣңȸ½ʲô£
£΢һ֮һεѡ֮գ
Īɽüͷšһ𣺡˿ҶүŵӣҶô˻طڰҶڵʵϷŹһ㰡µǸͬҶ֮ˣô죡


210 ²
ĪɽҶԯȥĥţʣʱ䣬ǰڲμѡ֮ǰԼҪҪȥīżңΪԼһֵĳ
κͱ˵Ľ֣ҶԽԽʶӵһõĳҪˣЩ۳ˣʹõıǷԼĳģ㳾ǱģҲܵĻӦıΪĶʵ
˼֮УҶѾ߳ԯǵĳţҲûע⵽¥ŵһ·ϣѾע⵽Ҹβ˳⡣
ǰҶˣҲǶҶʦֹɡ
Դ¼֮пҶӵеĵҩռ䳾֮һֱڴҶ⣬ϧ˵ʦ֣ȴǱĪֹܸĪǽڵʩѹҲȷʵʱˡ
û뵽쾹ȻٴμҶѾͷҸȼʹʦָҶ
֮һһ°ɫɮ۵Уòʣׯϣһ˫ͬǳ貵۾֮У͸⣬עҶıӰ
ԯǵĴţԽԽϡ٣ҶҲ׼ʼſϻҶѾ⣬ȥүүǰڵʱ֮󣬾ȥīһˣܲܵõһֵĳ
θոԾҶѾоβ棬в΢΢һЦɫ΢˵ٶȣʼƫƧĵطȥ
ܿ죬Ҷ˵ĪɽӣͻȻһ֮ϣϢȺβ֮˵ĳ֡
Ƭ̣ȻӰ˹֮ҶȻһϳ㣬ﲻһ˿ŭ
û뵽ԼȻ׷ᣬεĸԼĿȻض˵ȻλĪɽǶԸǵʦҶȴʩͣѵһ
͹ʧȥҶټȻҲͣתԴ£ôͻȻûˣʦ֣ȷ𣿡
Ϊһسĸ֣ԼʦΪǿʵ̫࣬ԲһҲ𻰣ҲǸе֣ôһˣô˵ûûˣ
ʱǰһЦҶѾͬһǰɶûвҶγֵģⲻΪ֮һݡ
Ҷһɨ㣬²ѾŹˣ㻹ǲ֪ڸģԼ
ʵҶֻŻŻ㣬û׼ɱȻ񵶣ҲԸΪԼƽһʤǿС
ʶҶ־Īɽ֪ǳĸֻ֣һˣǾûеٸҶģȻͬΪʦߣȻ޿֣һЦҶģ㣬ʦֵܿɲ㣬ĪɽǹϵķϣҲΪ㣬ֻҪ㽻װҩƿǼռ䳾ҾͷŹ㡣
Ҷ˼񵶣ͬҪ˼ڣҲֻƣɱҶ
ҶЦԸ㣬ƾ»ûʸ񰡣
һѾ˵˹ɵʦ֣Ʋǣ㻹ֽѵѵ
ɴͷβڰ۲ҶԽԽԭΪҶǳĸ֣ҲǸո볾ԶԶԼ
һ֮£ʶԼˣΪԼ͸Ҷ
ڳ˵͸Զȿ͸ҪµĶࡣ
ڹҲƳﻢ뿪ҶҲͬ⣬ֻӲͷƤÿСӣ㿴ûʸ񣡡
£˫ѾĳͿڿ˲仯ˮˣ಻ҶȻȥ
Ҷȥǿƾ˵ˮˣֻЦЦĶŹɡ
ȥеΪ͵˵ľ磬ҶǶسһسûкõĳսĻ϶ҶĶ֡
ҶͨʮһѨλȵͳףôص嶼Ķ֣˵ˡ
˶ڹ̽ˮˣҶڲˮ˼ʱ֮ϲűһ⣬Ѹٸȫ
ĳ֣ڿҶĳ֮ҲΪĳǵһˮԣʵȻ
ҶڳѾɫ󺣣仯һƬɫĹأĳʵϾӵŴصĳȺأԵģ
Ŀǰ֪ĳսĸ֮У۷ĻǾΪǿ
ҶԵĴسףسȫ޷ͻƣǹܹ֮̽Ƶġ
ǵصˮ˺ݺݵҶϣһһ಻
Ҷͬһɽһƾˮ죬ΡȻ
ȵˮȫʧ֮Ҷû˵һŹ΢΢һЦǲǸˣ
ȹӦҶѾָצָⱬһĽŹɻ˹ȥ
ʱȻһ߿ķԶԶ𣺡ʩ飡


211 ް
ͬʱһɽͻȻ֣ͬһڵ۵Ĵһ϶µĽɵ
ﬡһ죬ҶӳѾݺݵײγɵĴ֮ϡ
ʱ˳ȥһ֮͡ĵط濪ѣľնϡ
Ҷһ˿ϵЦʱ𣬿ѾԼǰһϮ°ɫɮ۵С
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Ҷô󣬵һμ˷ߣλǱãׯϣǻ͸һɺȻ֮ʱҶ˾֮ġ
о֣ǰҶ΢΢ƶɮʩΪҪǿ
еĻڳ˶΢΢һҶеƣԼȷǱȹɺҪģ۸ԼǰԼǱƳ֣ôܽǿأ
ûҶڻشһתѾеλʦҺʦеöһ￴ˣͶ˴ģҪɱ˽ٲƣʦǣ
㲻ɵӸղŹɺҶ֮Ľ־ѾˣԼʦӦòҶĶ֣˻ûƾһ⾹ȻܻҶĹʵҶȻֻ߲ͣл˼⣬ʱõİ취Ƕȸ״úкҶһ
üͷ΢΢һ壬Ȼû˵ѾԾһȻɶ˵Լ󣬿ӣѾǵĻΪҶҪɱԽˣ
ʵȻһ·֮ϸ˵ģΪעȫҶϣֱˣԲŻĻ
λʩ뿪
ԥһ£ȴһ·װģĶŰлʦʦǻʦ֣ˣ
ҶӦѾŹɣٶ뿪ˡ
һܳƬɭ֮󣬹еĿԼʦܵʦܣ˵㣬ûµʱٵȥǣҶʵ֮ߣҸǶ֣ҿղǸг֣Ȼǽ׶༪ˡ
ȻɼΪԼʦܵĳЩû취ʦϲ㣬ŻôĻ
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㽫ͷҡͬ˹һʦ֣ǲǶ֣ʦʦСӲ
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Լ볾ҲЩͷˣȻʼһس޷ͻƵأܹõĻԼǴ
ԥһ£ʵ˵ʦ𣿡
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ѧŰӣҶֻһҶʦˣεϵĶҪᣬǱƲѲųֵġ
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Ƭ֮һ˫â۾ĿҶãȥҶʩܷ֪ס
ҪҶеΪ棬ͬʱҲ˾֮ĵΪʲô
ƶɮ˵ѻҲöʩֱ棬ʩģƶɮǺˣ
һ仰Ҷϲ¶Ц⣬ȻΪӦҲδòƱԼҪ˵ԼǺ˵ġ
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ƶɮסˣ
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˵УҲתȥԯǵķȥ󣬻֮䣬·һߴɵĽɫ޷黨΢Цһţ



212 īż
Ҷ֪ԼϲŨҵѪζȻἫΪ𾪣ΪѪζȫѪɢģǾԼҲŵ
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213 ԭ
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214 ڷ
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215 
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217 
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ѩ徹ȻҶԼңѿҶκ𾴡
ңҶһ۾Ϳһߴҵ¯¯֮ϵһЩۼĻơ
Ȼ¯ҩ֣֮ʵȫͨãֻƷ׽ϵ͵ʦҩʦ˵ͨãϾĲżĲ𣬶ڶ¯ҪȻҲͬ
ҪĲԽʯΪϴϳĸͷҲҩĶࡣ
ȻнҲûгֹҩʦͬʱҲʦˣ
ڶ¯ĺûȻҶ֪Ϊ֣ǹͨ޷ֱûġ
֮⣬ܻűİڷŸָĲϣĿҶʶ
ѩЦŵҶϵܣ֪ĳʲôǻԵĻһ³Ϊʦ
ڻû۳Ѿӵ鼶Ҷ˵ԸܷΪʦû˿ϵ
ڵȫгΪʦʸ
ûҩҲҶĿһڣֻЦҡҡͷлֺˣ˰ɣҾͲΪʦˡ
ȻҶ֪Լ㹻ˣеκη漸ŵҲ֪̰õĵ
ѩҲûм֣΢΢һЦûϵʦҩʦһǺ̵ܿģҾΪʦҶϵܵպĳɾҲؽǲ
ȻѩҶеƲŻԿοҶȻҲ˵ĿģЦת˻֣ܷҼʶһЩĽ
ȻΪʦǶڳҶҲʮֺģȻܲѩƳĳ
ҪҶϵʧˣȻҳΪҩʦѾʮ֮ãֻܹƳ߼һһԼһͳȥﻹʣˡ
ѩһ˵һߵǽϣĳλðһ£һ΢ǽһ˿¶һҡ
ƽһЩȽĲϺͳĵط
Ҷĵ˵ͷȴţʮʱ䣬Ƴ߼Ҳ˵ʱƳһɹʵڲߣѹֳļ۸ˡ
ѩҶҡ
ҵڰƽңڷŵĲͬӣÿ֮϶رֽţϸд˰ڷеƷơ
ǰһƷƷĶУ߼ľһöƷˣһ˽Ҷϵܵĳ֮ʵĻΪ
ĶһЩ˵ǱȽϸ߼Ĳϣĸգȵȡ
ΪҶܵʱѩ͸¶һЩ԰ȻԼռЩϣΪġ
ҶȴǲûѩĻһ˫ֱĶ󷽵һܣڷһͨɫı
ϸ˵ⲻܱΪֻһ˴µı״ǻδ깤ʮֲִڵĽߣ
ҵĵһۣҶͿߣȻ۾ҲƲˣΪֲڵĽߵϣȻйѪĻ֮УޱѪ֮һһ̳ǱѪɫӰӣ
ǱѪɫֻܹҶԺгֹΣڶԸعʱΪһʱ丣飬ҶԱ۵ʩչѪɫӰһнӶסԼʱʼϣԼܹӵһıΪ
ǿͷǱ潣֮ҶǳϲҺԥռΪ˼УΪ潣ѪɫӰֵıżƣɫͨѪ졣
ֻ潣еᣬȻɸգǸƫҶʩչ֮ʱòǷǳĳ֡
Ҷѩ֮оȻҲһԻδ깤ͨѪıҵӽѪɫӰеıֵƣȻסˡ
ѩҲע⵽ҶĿ⣬˳ſ˹ȥвһ˿ȣ΢һ֮ʹߵǸ֮ǰǼȡ£˻ֱӵݵҶǰҶϵܣȤ
Ҷ˳ֽӹѪɫߣ΢΢һͬʱһɺȽӵĴֱ˳ڡ
ⲻҶΪȵ̧ͷѩ壬һôܻкȫͬĸоأ
ѩ΢΢һЦҶϵܣһΪҸֵϡпʯ˵ҪƳһŷ֣ӵеĻܽգֻͨɴֲڵĽߡ
ֻһߣҶŽ֣Ȼ᲻÷£˵Ϊʲô˵ĸ顣
ҶӣѩҲе㾪ȣΪڳ˵ãһֻӵд״Ľߣʲô˵أ
֮Ҷ̧ͷ֣ɲԽƳɳأ


218 ֮
Ҷ⣬ѩٴκڵ¶˾֮ɫΪ˵Ҷʵǰ㲻ϵĽߡ
ȻԣȱҪʩչ߼Ļ棬ճҺ壬ȻټϣΪѾҴˣʣµĶǾھ̵ܶʱڽȫճҺ壬ʱԽĻϾͻԽģ
еȫ߱ˣκεʦҲûʮİܹ϶ƳɳϾм䲻֪Ͳȷ̫ˡ
ȻҶȴҲ⣬ͺҩһԼ֮⣬ûκһҩʦظ˵ԼܹɹƳȵĵҩ
ҶȴţܹĹмѪ֮ѪĻҲûҩٷ֮ٵܹȵĳɹʣǿ϶ҲܼƳĸʡ
֣ʲôƷ׵Ļܽأ
û뵽Ҷϵ㻹֪ƷףǺǣѵãѩ͵ĵͷҸֵҲܵˣȽӣͬʱԣ˵Ǵڵػ֮еһֱԼߣҪ˲ۻҺ壬ҲҪؼƷϵĻ
ػеĵؼ棬ҸּȻܹڵػ֮дڣôҪ䳹ۻҺ壬ȻҪؼƷϵĻˡ
˵ѩҡҡͷΪĵʮƷܹʩչؼˣ֪ȸ½Ͽ¶̫࣡ҪҵһλæƣԷͬ⣬۾Ҳ൱޴ģ
ѩ岢ûע⵽ʱҶԵ͸һƳϣľ⣡
ؼûУи߼鼶棡
ܹĻôټѪ֮Ѫȫпܽɳ
һҲζҶòղŵ뷨Ҫʼо֮ԼƳˡ
ѩŵҶϵܣϲ͸㵱պ˸ˣǰæƣﻹһҵĽƷϲϲϲֱߣϲĻһΪһ
ȻҶȴûٿȤˣЦŰ˰ֵ֣Ҳ뿴ˣղĽҷҶеȤˣĻܷϸĺ˵˵
ѩٴȻĿҶʵôҲ벻ͨΪ볾ʮǧĽߣҶȻƷˣ
Ƭ֮ЦŵҵȻ⣬ѵҶϵ;ͶȤҶϵܣǳȥ˵
Ķ¯ӣӦƽѩ֮ʱϢãǶ˾ϣѩƬ֮󿪿ڵҶϵܣȻǶƷʦ֮ͬɸɽһ㣬жǸš
ҶһμҦɽʱȻΪƷҩʦҲ˵ƵĻɲǫΪʵˡ
ҩйеκһ֡Ǻ̺޾˵ƷƷˣǾƷҲ˵Լ֪
ҶǳѩĽ⣬Ϊҩ֮ʵŲٹͨ㣬׾⡣
ҪΪʦȾҲǱӵлԵĳӵл泾Ȼãѩǻ棬ֻǻԵģôҪΪܹʩչ֮ٿʼ
ΪĻ棬ʮ־޴ټϿʯ۵ҩЩǸ̫߳࣬˴ʦڲ϶ǲյķĴ
ͨǧòϽŨľ
ѩһƴСĽչʾҶԭȵĥôھԼһĴŨڵĴС
ⲻҶµĴһֽǶô͵飬һ˸ֲ
ɴ˿ɼҩʦʦλ磬ޣַı󣬳ӵеȾ֮⣬ҲҪ˿ļ
Ȼ˾̥֮ʣĲ軹Ҫûơ
ҩҪĲϲͬҪĲϳ֮⣬ҲŽΪϸĵȼ֡
Ϊ˷ɣͬҲǰ֣ûʮƷľ廮֣ܹĴ࣬켶󣬶鼶޵壬ؼõġ
ǱҸ֣ǰѩصĴĸգڵؼϡ
ϲ֮⣬龧ʯҲܹɹʵĺö龧ʯƷԽߣĸʾԽ
پͬҲΪͼֽʦǻὫԼĵԼƳĸҪĲһһ¼úǿ԰ͼ
ЩǹĻ֪ʶҶ֮ﾹȻһԾԾԵģҪһĳ嶯
Ȼܲ뱩¶ԼӵܣǿͨѪɫĽߣҶʵ޷ҪɳԸ
Ҷԥı飬ѩȻµ˼Ծ⣬ЦŵҶϵܣʲô˵ֻҪ֪ģһϸΪġ
ȻѩҶ˼仰ǴٳҶ˾
ָ֣֮׼Ƴı


219 ״γ
ҶѩѾ̫ˣеⶼȲ˵仰ŴͣɵɵĶҶа֮ǻعҶϵܣ㣬Ҳʦ
ҶЦҡҡͷҪʦĻҺαػҪԶܵҪһأ
ǣǣҪڿʼͷѧϰ
ѩǿˡͷ֡
ǵģҴûнӴѧϰһ£Ȼ󿴿ܲܰƳΪ
ȻѪ֮Ÿʽ˲ţп϶ʦĿǰųȴûУҶȷʲôʱŻͷųһλʦ
ҪһѩһλƷʦϵĻ֪ʶȫָαػҪԶѩָ֮£Կʼ
ټҶҪΪһλʦֻ뽫еƳɳҲҪ˽̫֪ʶӦܹܿʵĿꡣ
ѩ岻ЦҶϵܣӵлԳôΪʦȻ޿ɺǣҪƳɳĻȰ㻹ǷɣϾʩչĻӦôﲻؼƷĳ̶ȡ
Ҷûлش𣬶ֻ̯֣һ֮һɳߵϺɫ棡
ĳ֣֮е¶ȼ̿ʼѩĶͷ֮ϣҲð˺顣
ѩڿûȥԼĺ飬˫۶ҪɳۿĶҶ֮Уͬһһ
ѩļʶҦɽȻҪ˺֪ܶ࣬𣬲ĸܵɢ¶ȣȻ󵽻Ʒ׾ԲͣԶԶĳԼγɵĻ档
֮ѩڻع˿ڿˮ¶ĽɫҶϵܣû뵽ĳȻǻ棬ҿƷ׾Բ̫ͣʺϳΪҩʦˡ
ҶҲȥʵԼˣֻЦŵ֣¶ȣӦܹñҸ˲ۻΪҺˡ
ѩٴεԲ۾ؼ棿

ҶȻû˵ʵͱһ㡣
һĽ֮ѩȴҡҡͷҲУҶϵܣûô򵥣ҿҶϵҲѧõ㿴̸֮
ҶеЦԷǣû뵽Ҫ飬תһ룬ĥ󿳲񹤣Լȷһϲܹͨܶ˽֪ʶԼҲûʲôԱȻͬˡ

ԼǰѻԼ߳һͷġɽҶ˿ĭѧҩſ˼飬ѧȻҪô飡
Ȼ˼Ҷ͵ԼǰˣԼʵʵĿɣ
ԭҶΪԼҪܾòܿЩ飬Ķ֮ķֲԼܹһĿʮУص֪ʶвپȻҩͨԿΨһ鷳ľǶڸֲϵĽܡ
ˣµʱ䣬ҶѾɽȫĿˣ
ò˵ͨЩ飬Ҷ֮ȷʵ˸ϸ˽⣬Ȥľǹ󷨣
󷨣Ҷ˵ҲӴүүµӰľֻû뵽֮оȻҲõ󷨡
龧ʯó󷨣볾֮УӶӳ
ģڳм빥󷨣ܹóԭֻܷһ󷨵ļ룬ܷ߸
󷨵ҲǶֶйģзģٵĵȵȡ
ֻ֮ͬǲǳеĻձȽϸ󷨡
˴ʦյ󷨶ļ󷨣ˣҲóɫ١
Щ飬ҶȲҪʼĵһҵѩ塣
ѩȻе㲻ҶȻô̵ʱھͿЩ飬ҲҦɽһֻܵͷȻˣǾԿɡ
˵ҶȻҪʼǺˣܵѩҶҲûֹ
ѩóһŽݸҶԼѡȥơ
õһֱҲ˵򵥵ģȷ֮󣬶״ȫԼգ˲Żָָʽı
ý˵ȻڵʽΪ棬ʽʵʤ潣񽣵ȡ
ÿ˶ڽϣһƳĽʽȻҲǧٹ֡
Ҷɨһ͵ݻѩ壬Ȼߵ˲϶ѵǰʶ˲ͽеĲϸǣָʼյ㶯飬飬飡
ָĵ϶̾ͻһֲƽƽ䵽֮С
ƾһ֣żĿ˿Ľѣѩԥһ֮ߵҶߣַ̧ŵѡĲ֮ϡ
Ƭ֮ѩɫ΢䣬ЦһҶϵܣȻЩ̺Ϊḻģ


220 ˱ˣ
ϵѡϣҩһģҪѡĲϡ
Ҷǿʶȫ˲Ϣ֮ҵʺϵĲϣѩŻ־塣
òϣչȥôдҶȴֱסЩϡ
ҩЩϵ۵ҪߵĶ࣬ҪƷϵĻգҶȻܹ׼ޱȵĵ¶ȣиߴ鼶Ȼܹ׵ҵЩϵ۵㡣
򵥵ļεֲ֮ѾĻΪҺ壬Ȼ֮еģǵԺԲơ
ĲʣҶ˵ͬûκεѶȡ
ѶľΣҲǽϴɴµ̥˴֮⣬ҶֱӽճҺҪ׼ģߣֱӽҺ嵹ģУȻҺ֮״ͳˡ
ҶЩûа׿֪һָΪķȫҪģߣֻҪͨմҺ֮УıҺ״
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򵥵˵൱ڰ˫֣εĹ
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Ҷ˵ȻˣĿƣﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĵز
ҶԺиֳͨĽ״Ȼʹһָֻ֣ͷٵƶͬڵһ㡣
ָƶͬʱ֮Уֲ̲ͬϵҺȫİľֻͬɵһҺ״Ÿı䡣
Һһ۳һ״ż˵϶¶һֹŹֵ顣
Ϊ˵Ѿɹһ룬һƽһ˵ʵǼһ
ǶԲϵѡǶĿƣǶԻ¶ȵĵأЩʦ߱ĺҶ޲Ǵﵽ˵Ƿ켫ĳ̶ȣ
ҺȫĻ˱״֮ҶֿʼĽͻ¶ȣñ
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ܴǷ̶Զһ۷֮
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ĸ˵жͬһ⣬ҶĻĻشҲֻǣôģ
ҶԼĳɹҲǷǳ⣬ȥϸ˰죬ȻŽŮݸѩ֣鷳
ѩ˹΢ŵɬҡҡͷÿҶϵܣңҲƳı㣬ʦ
Ҧɽ˵Ҷҩʦ֮ϣֵõͬۡ
ԴҶֻЦЦûзϣΪ֪Լ֮˳ƳȫԼҩľԼϢϢء
˵Цˣ֣볢һ½Ƴɳ֪ҪЩϣ
ھ˵һεĳɹԶĳɹܹɹƳͨʸƳˡ
׼Ƴ֮ǰκһλʦѾƳͨǸʱǲŸȥƳ
ȻҶĵڶȻ׼ƳҪò֪ԻᳰЦڲ
ѩȴǼΪ˳£û˿Ļɡ
ѩƬ̵ȾУ龧ʯƷԽԽãżƷ׵龧ʯƷûˣǫȥЩȡ
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ŲǫӦһæתұȥƬ֮Ѿһ龧ʯһŻɫ
ѩ彫ݵҶϵҶϵܣ˵˫ԣбԵУôпƳ˫ԵĳǼֻƷԵ龧ʯҲֻ飬ֻṩЩϸˡ


221 ͻȻľ
ҶѾ֪ԣ˺Ͳй֮⣬ǺϵΪУ˵ԲԵĹؼ
ٶ׵񽣣֮Իԣ˵Ʋ֮бȻԵ
ڱҸֵ˫ԣƳɳϱԵôкܴĿܽΪ˫Եĳ
˫ԵĳǼֵϣҪһƳɹѶȻҲǼһ˵ǿ顣
ȻżҺԼûбԵôֻʱ߱ԣպܹٵõԵĻôȫԻ¯ƣ
¯飬Ȼǳģʵ֮ȴûκһλʦȥ
Ϊ¯ƵķȵһƻҪĶ࣬òײƳĳ¯ƣʧܵĻֻͨǿɾ͵òʧˡ
Ҷ˵Ѫ֮ѪİƳɹĸʾҪĶ࣬ڲŸȥƳɳҴ⣬պҪϵĶиֱһĳ
龧ʯõĺöƷȻߣǼ۸ǰϣżҿóһ͸ԼѾǷǳˡ
ҶҲӹͬʱЦŵͷĻҾͲ˵ˣֵ꣬Сܼˡ
ѩҲЦƷ龧ʯҶ仰ֱ޼۵ģ
ˣھͿʼˣ
ҶѩĶ¯ƽߵģѩȴǴŵξܾˣΪĶ¯ֻƷֻҶ߶߳һƷֻܳƷĻա
Ҷ𣬻ֱӽ¯ճҺ壡
֮£ҶֻܻգһѶȾͼӴˣΪڱҸֱճҺ֮¶ȻߵˣҲûеط԰ڷţֻڻ֮С
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ȻҶȴɵڽÿһ衣
ǿ齣İ֮£ʱҾѾ׵Ļһ̲ɫҺ塣
Ҷֵ𱣳¶ȣ̯֣һֱԱĵȺŵѩҲ̽ȥ
¹شѩ嶼Ƕ֣ԼΪҶ֡
ۻٶȱҸҪö࣬һ̲Һ֮ѩָϽ׼õƿͬʱԼҲһɻ棬ƿСĵĵݵҶǰ
Ȼ۵ҸҪ͵ö࣬һʧȥ˸µգͻȴҶҲʵ޷ٳֻգֻѩĻ
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ǿ鷳֮ʺϵĶ¯ĻôЩȫԶڶ¯֮ɡ
ȥ龧ʯˣ龧ʯ۵ƷйأƷȻֻеƷף۵ȴҪһ㡣
һʱȥ֮ѾȫͶ뵽Ҷϵ֮УҲζżʼҪΡ
ȻҶҪһѪ֮ǸѪɫӰеıô״ȻҲҪһԺ֮һεĸֳǱѪɫ
ͬޱѪϿգֻһѪɫǡ
ȻûӰĳУǱȴԼʶһ㣬ϵתıԼλõͬʱҲڽԼĳָҶ
Ҷû˽ģĿҲΪˣķʵѪɫ״ԼӡеźܴĲͬ
һ˵Ƶ֮ıƵֻǽ͵ڽ͵ڽ֮ѰҺʵĲ
ȻĽͽȻǻȻһģ
ڱ֮Ϻٳ֣ΪֻʹиձĵطôȫҪͬĲȥơ
ڲͬȻͬҲһò˳
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ֹ͹γɵʽҶϡһĸоƺ״
Ϊеע֮ϣûʱȥ롣
Ҷָɿ䶯ţϵ޳ʵͬʱҲĸı̲Ѿ϶ΪһҺ״
ԱߵżȫĿתעţȻҲĿ˱ε̡
ǹŹֵһؽص״ѩ常𽥵üͷΪҲ˺ҶͬĸоƺƵ״һʱ֮ȴ벻
Ҷеıȫ֮ǰͻȻһ⴫й͵Űݷã
Ĺ̵Уɻ˴ţۿҶؼʱ̣ȻżҵѾܵѹˣ˼žĻ֮£ȥڴһҶָ鲻Խ΢΢һεıʱһССĻڣȻҲðѩڵż˱ŵɫ


222 ȱ֮
ҶԵһ˿ŭɫӦѾһ嵽ſڣСĵĴ򿪴ţ˳ȥ
ѩҴĶҶﰵǧʲôĻԼżǳ׵Ҷλǰ;ˡ
ڱûȫͣټҶҲǼʱعָʮٵĽϵǵ覴ø޸ˡ
Ҷɫ𽥻ָƽż˵ҲȻһڳʱȴȥߵѩߣɫѹүүµĲʦˣ
ѩ϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫȻڿȻȫעҶ֮ȴ̧ۿ˿ǣĵ˵ͷ
ǻվ첽˳ȥοһûз
ѩŲǫȴȻԭأҶ
ȻҶѾȫĳУȴĻﲻ΢΢һ£ӦһɣԼڲ֮ǰոλУҲһλߡ
ڶ԰еĺøУټȸ½֮ϣ߱ˣȱΪҲӵűĵλߣħߣڷߣҲʮ־أˣҶҲһҪʶһλʦ뷨
ڴ֮ǰҪרĵĽꡣ
֮Уֲϻ϶ɵҺѾγһѪɫĳŻ֮е·תת
ڣֻʣһ𲽽ͻ¶ȣҺ̳ɹ壬Ӷȫ͡
Ƽ򵥵һǲʦһֲΪҺͬҪ˶ԻĲٿһ㣬һ㶼Ӱ쵽յĽȻҪ̬ꡣ
Ҷ˿ȻѩŲǫ˵ע֮£۾ȫԼǳһȵʶĲ衣
۾ƽͣȴŻԱߵѩ壡
Ҷö¯ǱпԭģһĹͷȻұ۾
Ҫ֪ĶŶпܳο۾ˣ
֮£ǲҿˣԼһۣ˴˵϶ǲţ

Ǻֵܶ뿪̴֮æŴȥȻҶ˵ҪǴµˣҲͬżҸҵġ
ºڣһǷʮ֮һ
ֻΪߵĴȱ֮ģǲźħŵȥռݳ򣬲Լĵֻ̣ռһ棬ĵУҪԶԶɣⲢͿСǡ
޶صзţ÷еλǿĳ֣ǧ֮ǰȸ½ϵĵһʦһλߣ
ż۴ķ棬Ҳ޷ʹᲢۣΪżҲƺʩڶǰīǴ֮ңĴȥԺʹ˹ϵ
´ûżңͻȻǰĲʦһλ֣Ȼżҵ˲ҵ֪Ҳòðŷˡ
˵ѩӦӭӵģҶʵû취뿪ֻԼλҲżҵλǰȥӴˡ
һλصżҵĴ֮ϣ˫΢գһ飬ŷ𾭣⴫ĽŲ۾
Ц˽һҾ׵֪ʦ٣ֵʧԶӭܣ֮ʦĪ֡
ֵܶ˺ͲʦҲ棬ȻʶԷ
ʦվһ΢΢ЦλʩˣҲ³çȣдˡ
ͳŲʦ˵Ļֵܶ˵Ǿ岻ѣȻΪķ޴ʦ
Ͻֻһʦǧô˵붼벻ģֻǲ֪ʦкιɣ
ʦͷǰһʩãĿǲŵ֪ʩ֮ʱ߻ħΣڵϦصǰҪܷһ֮ϣû
ⷬٴֵܶΪ֮ݣ֮ɳƲ裬ͬʱҲԼǿ͵ԻҶҲǴΪ壡
Ϊ˾ѩ壬˺üطȥ볾֣ȴûһԸģҲȥȵģΪ·;ʵ̫ңԶһһصʱֻ̫ܷ࣬
Ȼû뵽µ˿˵£Ȼ̾ɳʦλҹ̸ȣݴȱ֮ģ¼У
ֵ˶һۣܿԷеļͬʱٴһҾ׵лʦȱѾվʹʦﱼˣ
ʦһţ¶ο֮ɫʩƺʩ࣬ʵ̫ˣȻˣҾͲˣǣ
˵֮󣬲ʦżֵܶ˵˵ͷȥ
˵߾ߵľٶżֵԭأһʱ֮侹ȻҪۿŲʦѾţȻʱŲǫ΢΢ŴȻԶԶʦλǰҪһ棡


223 һ
Ųǫ𣬲ʦͣ˽ŲվԭؿԶһ·Ųǫ¶˺֮ɫ
żֵʱҲǻعһȻŲǫеǰ˭ֻе㲻ţΪҶô֪ʦˣҪأ
˵ǣѩȫעĶҶеǱ𽥿ҪεıͻȻҶ˵ʱҲǱһ
ҩɻ˾ţͬɻķģͷҶǱ۾ھȻֿ˵˵ݾȻŲǫæȥסλʦ
һжѩҶΪµʶȻҲ¶˲ϧһд۶ҪҶùϵľģ
Ųǫܵ˲ʦǰ뿪˵ǲʦȴ΢ЦŰڰֵżҲߣ
򵥵֣Ųǫ󶨣æƽһԼĺſڵʦλǰҸ˵һ棬ϣͬ⡣
ʦЦʵλǰ
ŲǫԥΪ֪νҶֻĿԼĸס
æ߹ʦλǰʱ֣üվڼָһʱֲԹƲŻȮӹ
ԥһ£ŵ˵һ䣬ʦܹλǰĻԲǻ£
ﻰΪҶ룬ҲΪ룬ͬʱҲΪԼż룬ҶĳɾͣպԻǸ£ȻϣܹҶһΪѣһԼżҲմٵĹ⣡
ǿǿżôģ
Ŷʦüȩ̧̈е㶯ˣ΢һ±ͷãҾ߶һᣬȵλʩ
żԶʱϲæڵĽʦӵ˴ȴҶĳ֡
ʦȷʵã֮󣬾ͱ۾ٴŪеķ飬мģƺһж޷һ
ʼչעŲʦҶҲʱ˿̣ҲѾҪȫͣҲȫעβ
ͬʱѩȻҲǵɴ۾һգգĿǱͨѪɫкͽȻһ壬ȴֳʮ˽صı
ͻȻ֮䣬ѩϡһССĺ⣬Ҷ֮зɳֱ뵽Ǳ֮С
ΪǺɫҲϺɫѩ忴ĲǺУԼԼǲۻˡ
Ȼ⣬ȴǶȻԴҲһ⣬ȻҶƵʽǱȽصıʲôˣ
뷨Ѿѩ¶һ˿֮ɫǡʱͻȻһɿֲƴӱ֮֮Լ˺ѷεİ֮һĸһǵصѩ˫֮д˹ȥ

ѩĿȻһУ˾Ǽ˹һ¶־壬˫ס䣬˳󲽣˴֮ϡ
ʱϵѾȫŤһ˫ĿѪ죬ĶѾҶģ˿еǱѪɫı
֮ϣȻһյѪѪ֮Уòֲħһľ޴ӰڷţƺӳƬѪ
ģѩȻԼҲѾѪ֮УӵĿֻţæʼŤ壬ҪٲѪȥ
ʱһͬһѩĶ𣺡֣ôˣ
ҶͬʱѩֻǰƬѪǳˮһѸȥѪ֮еЩħȻҲѪϯ֮¿ʧ
գһ۾ѩȻ֣ԼȻվҶߣǰûκεѪӰеֻһڿвɢȸµѪɫ
ңôˣѩſڽ࣬ȫ׸ղŵ׷ʲô飬ԼЩ󵽵ʵڵģԼֵĻþ
ҶĿһ۵Ҳ֪֣ղجһͻȻ󺰴Уû°ɣ
ûû£
ѩҡҡͷеĺɲûΪҶ仰˿ļ١
ҶеѪɫ̹ԹԵУĿ֮󣬽ݵѩǰ֣鷳ҿƳɹ𣿡
ѩ忴ݵԼǰѪɫȻȥӣĵ˿ĭٵɨۺϵãȻ㱻ϲϵܣ⣬ǳ
ʵѩ˵Ҷ·ԼͨѪɫѾ֪Լɹˡ
ͨĲͬӵԼ֮⣬ڳĳλȻγһССıҶ˰µ֪֮ġ
Ľ֮ھһССͬˮһӡǣһƷ
ȻɹԭԼŬ֮⣬Ѫ֮ѪӦĹ
ղŵѩ岢ûۻһŵĺ⣬Ѫ֮Ѫ
ǸҶϵܣо仰֪ѩֹ
ָ֣㣬ҲƳɹҵʦһʲôĻ
ѩ˵ͷָѪɫŵСҶϵܣûоãƳ״һһ


224 Ѫ
ҶȫǷѪ֮еѪɫƳղͶڱ״ʶĸоھѩôһ˵ͷ֣Ҳһʵ벻ĪѾ֪ˣ֪
ѩƺ˸ղǲ֪ǻʵѪٴ˿ĭҲ˵˵ģҶϵܲص棬Ҿãˣǵġ׵ǣ
׵ǣһЩﱳмһͷ
ѩĻҶһ㶣̶Ȼɴ۾
ȷԼƳģӦ˵Ѫ֮ǸѪɫӰֳֵѪɫ״˼׵ǣ
ƽֳʮ˽صĽͽͬʮ˽ڹͷʮ߸͹Բ㣬ǽʮ˽ڹͷһĹǽڣ
ʮˣ
ֶȻҶ뵽Ѫơ
ʮ
ʮ˽ڹͷʮ
ʲô֮
ѵ˵Ѫɫʮ˸ͷʹžĵʮ
྿ʲôڵҶѾ޴ӵ֪֪ĿֻħˣҶЩͷҲһţûм롣
ѩʼעҶ沿ı仯ɫָ糣֮󣬸Ͻת˻⣺Ҷϵܣʦ˵ƳĲǳͨȡһ֣ǲҲӦøƳȡһְ
֣Ҷûȡ⣬ѩ˵ҲԣȷӦøȡ֡
Ҷﷴ߶żʣѪʮ׵ǡ
Ƭ֮Ҷ۾һѿڶѪ
ѪѪļǣ
ȻǱѪɫҶţһ죬ԼƳȡǱѪɫأΪ֧Ѫļǣ
Ҷ֣ѪͨѪĽ֮ϣȻһޱߵɷɲ֮䣬Ȼ֮ڵ¶Ѹٽͣ˱һ֮
ȻѪҶΪȡ֣
ˣҶӵһԼƶĳѪ
Ѫ
ѩ峾صΪѪɢı亮֮£ȻҲ̲ס˸ͬʱҲǸеҶΪȡ֣ʹһѪ֮ʵǲɲΪѪη塣
֣ѩĴָҶϵܣѪȻֻһƷ̺Ϊǿҿ¶ܺͶƷ࿹ˡ
κβ϶ǻٰģ˵龧ʯˣˣ̺Ҳǳֵͨһ־
ҶȻһЦΪղƵĹ̵УǿƷ龧ʯȫѪ֮Уǹ˲ԼѪ̺ȻǿͬƷ׵ĳ
ȻѩһԴˣҶϵܣʦҲ֪ûߣǻǸϽȥɣʦȼˡ
ҶҲˣæһ󣬽ѪսԼĿռ䳾֮Уˣǿߣ
ѩţ׼ȥʱ򣬺ȻǰһҶѾԼǰһ˫۾Լ֣岻Ҫ˰ɣ
Ҷ˵ĺѩȴͷѩҶǲ˿⣬ϵ΢΢һЦҶϵܾɷģҺܺãҲجˣ
ҶЦһǾͺã鷳ִ·ˣ
ʵѩղŲЩ֮ǿѪͶħӰӣҶͬˣҿ
ֻǶҶ˵ЩѪеΣѾǼֲ֣ѩһοȻ𺳣Ϊ˷ֹѩὫЩ龰й¶ȥӶΪԼ鷳ҶòǿЩһجΣ
ѩһٶ꣬ܲҶ˼Ȼ֪Լ
ѩҲķеη壬Ҷ̸ЦŴȥͬʱҲ˳򵥵Ľһ´µ
ѵȵеż²ʦ᲻˵ˣԼүүҶųһæӭʦȻҲ۾վ
Ҷһ۾Ϳ˲ʦ̲סͺһʣ
ȻʦòǴŶƽӹ֮ûκر֮ȴǺǸһȻȻɢһƽ͵ĺȻ
ֺȻӡǿ϶ܲģѩҲû̫ܣֻҶӵǿʶĲ
ҶʦͬһĨ⣬Ȼ֪ҶǿеλǰֻҲû뵽λǰ;Ȼᣡ
ҶǰѧŰӵʩҶóȻ´ʦ³ç֮ʦ£
Ҷ񣬲ʦͬ޲žһϺȻ¶һ˿䱸ͬʱֻȻһǿҵڿγһ޴ĹӣȻ£ԼҶȫ
ͻȻһĻڳ˶ˣҶڣΪʲôλ÷߾ȻڼҶ֮󣬾Ȼ˹


225 ӡ
ʵ˵ǹʵҲ㲻ϣΪʦγһӣԼҶĿƺֻΪסҶûĸҶκʵԵ˺
ˣ־ٶҲ˲ʦҶźصĵģ
ѩһ֮عæǰָ˵ȻҶȴһڣƽĵʦӦҺĵһμ棬֪ʦΪʲôҪңʦҸĽͣȻĻҪˣ
ԼĴӣҶİΪۼʩչӦǷóһսֻǰʩչ𲻶ʦҪĶ࣬һŨҽ⡣
ȻҶϴβûƵʩչĽӣʱҲûʹȫǰʦ۶ɵӣֲҶԼԿԽƿ
ʦ˾֮ɫҺҶʩ֮ȷǵһμ棬ǰҲûκγԹҶʩҷͬµķӡҲò֡
ӡ
Ҷû˵ʣҲ֪Լʲôʱ·ӡܿ뵽ˣһӦöǸиĹֻԼȻ޲ӡڷ߾ζʲôòʦӡҪԼ֣
ʦһ£ʲôǷӡ;ڣ
ӡҷ޵óһսһֻз߲ܸӦӡǣȻҲӦʵܸӦõ;ӡûκΣһ˵ֻѱƶ񣬻ߴ֮ˣǾһΣԵĵطҷͬŲŻӡĿΪ˸֮ʱ
겻ʦĽͣҶ뵽ʱԼ̬ȣʱͻȻˣ
ȻΪԼѱƶȴ־һΣԵˣԼѯԼסԼ·ӡͬš
ҲΪʲôʦԼ̻֣֮ΪԼѱƶԲʦû͹ֻʱסԼԷһ
Ҷ˼ʱѩү˼϶ðˣǰλܹģҪķĿɳԼżҾԻᱻǣȥʱ򲻹ܰ˭ż˵ûκεĺôֻĺ󻼡
֮£Ǹҿ˵ȻʱŲǫȴǳϵ̤ǰһŲʦʦǰӦˣҶǰȻֻ֮ȴҶǰ϶ǻˣ̫үүѾ׶༪ˣԣʦǰ˼
Լ׺̫үүԼλλȻĳֵ棬СС͵Ųǫܹ󵨵վ˵Ļż˱οʦҲǰͷ
Ҷ΢ЦŲǫ˵ͷлʱܹվΪԼ˵
ҶЦһʦҵȷǰʱһλߣʱеᣬԹƲŻ˷ӡ
˶٣ҶŵȻҶĳ˵ʲô֮ˣÿһ¶죬ˣ
ûбҪʦͣڶԷߵأҲǳڶֵΣϣʦܹҵĻ
˵֮ⷬҶ;עŲʦ
ʦ˿Ҷֿ˿żˣ΢һ˫ֺʲҶʩһҶʩ˵ðʧˣԲ𣡡
˵ʵΪܵ˰ҶϵķӡʦҶĵһӡǷǳõġ
Ѿһλĸ֣֤ʴӱܿɹǣҶûһ֮İߣƽ׽ˣҽӦüϡ
ټðΣվ߻ħѩ壬ͲһܹģԲʦҶĲǴ֮ˣ
ŲʦҶԼϵӣ̼ɢΪ˼硣
ڲʦĵǸҶҲǼæҵ
ѩһЦλȻѾʱҾ֮˰ɣȥ
һ߽ѩ˶ˮģʼ
֧ʱ֮ѩվͬʱʹ˸ɫȻ˸ڱ뿪˴ҶͲʦˡ
ȻѩΪ֮ģȻҶҪʦôȻЩҪԲʦ˵ԼôʶȤ
ȵż뿪֮󣬲ʦѾЦŵҶʩң֪ʲô飿
ʵҶ֮ʦĿǳڶԷߵľأټλԼ·ӡİдĺ档
ȻһԭǾĪɽ˵Ҫаٶɽ׵İ취һλ޴ʦͬ
ȻҶǺɽĿֲһλ޴ʦһȥȻõˡ
Ҷ룬ɴ԰򿪻⣺Ҳûʲô飬ʦһ£֪֪һλĺУ
ҶĻո£ʦѾȻվڶ̫󣬲㽫ԱߵӸײûʶԼʧ̬˫֮⣬ֱĶҶ



226 ʥ
ҶѴӲʦʻȷ֪Уֻе㾪ڶԷķӦȻ֮ȿԼзӡʱҪֹˮķ޴ʦ˵൱ġ
Ҷʵʵ˵ʦҸղ˵λµķӡķߣǰ
ʦѾ˽֮ɫҶʩŶ֮ǰ
ҶɵҲܿĳʦͰ֮²ʶҹϵӦûʮ׽
Էż֪䣬ҶȻ͸ɴĽԼͰľ򵥵˵˳
ʦ֮󣬿дʣԯǣ뾻ʮȻܳôԶˡ
仰Ҷһ㶣ѿʵ£ʦѵµ𣿡
ʱ򣬲ʦǻعǸĵ˼Ҷʩղеʧ̬ҴµĵӣǾµĵӣңҲûм
ʲô
ҶʵǺͿˣʦȻûΪλô䡣
Ҷɻ󣬲ʦЦһҶʩʵȻҴˣȸ½֮ϵзȴûв֪ģΪҷʥӣ
ʥӣ
ھǷͳƣз߶ԳΪӣǣʥӣȴֻһˣ
ʲôʥӣ
˵ķߣеţǷ𷨵ľͨΪУǶһ޶Զߵġ
ŵ˵ʥӾ൱ڷķ֮еĻܵÿλ߷ĵ𾴺ͳݣĸԸ׷档
ʥӼһƺţҲһݣһִ˷ϵĴڡ
ֻʥӲǻʱ֣ǧǰȸ½ĵһʦȻ֮ͬʱѾǷе䣬ȴʥӡ
֮еļأʥӳֵʱѾ׷ݵ֮ǰʥԲ֮󣬾Ҳûгֹʥӣһֱʮǰĵʥӣ
ɴ˿ɼзߣ񲻶ʦΪﵽؾĴʦǵĿУҲϵġ
֮ԲʦżѯҶйذĶԭ˵ҶЦ
ڰ֮ǰͻȻһţ˵𷨿Ȼ㲻Ȼ뿪ľ¡
ʵ԰ʵ¾ߵãʵ̫ҪԾ뿪֮̾ͽϢ֪ͨеķɣλá
Ϊ߲ռݳУƫһ磬Ǳޣڴ̽Ϣ棬ʵûκεơ
ûκηйذϢ죬ʦȴû뵽ȻҶϵõйذϢȻżѯˡ
˵ʵ˲ʦ˵Ĺڰеϸ֮Ҷڰĺǵûм٣
ΪеҶ̫ƣ
н겻ʮ꣬ҶֻǴ˲꣬ҲѾǳصĸˣ˵ţ
ΪΪ˱йϢѴȸ½ˡ
⣬ʥӣҶȴ־ҪΪħۣʥǷϵĴڣħȻһħ޵䣬ȴѪˡ
֮ҶеڵͰʧۣ֮ţȻԼ˷ӡ֪ǵҶңôԼһ컹ģ
ȻʦЦŵҶʩ˵ϵķӡʥµģ֮Ҳᷢˡ
ŶҶԲ⣺ΪʲôѵʦʥӶҵжϣ
ǵǣȻҴûмʥӣǴӾµļλͬȴٹ飬ʥӲ޸ǿ󣬸ػ˽ȻͬɱңֻҪ֮ˣԲ飬Ǵе㲻ͬҲΪˣȻֻʩ·ӡûкʩ֣Ǿ˵ʵﻹûнʩɻˡ
Ȼʦ˵ĺܺҶĻ֮򵥵˵ԼǴ֮ˣôʱ򣬿¾Ѿˣﻹлܵīż
ڲʦڰȻеäĿݵ˼ҲܹʵΪʥӵ̫⣬ҶȻҲȥƽЩԼĺͰĻ֪˭أ
ʦվҶʩлйʥӵϢҪ̸ϻϢ֪ͨµͬţȸˣ⣬ǰỹϣҶʩҪϣպпյĻ£һɨӭ
ȻҶһҪͲʦ֣̽˼£ԼҲǿʱ䣬ԼҲûؼһ£׼ǰˣԸɴͲʦһҵѩǣ뿪


227 ȱķŭ
ҶͲʦһͬʱܾż˵ʢ֮󣬷ֱͬķɱȥ
뿪ıӰѩ岻пǧĵλҶϵպĳɾ֮ߣʵܹʶҲҲˡ
ѩҶ֮ߵۣż˶ûа㻳ɣȻʵˣүүƵĳɹ𣿡
ѩ鲻Խٴ뵽˸ղѪ֮ʱԼľ󣬳Ĭκŵͷĵɹˣ
ֵܺŲǫ¶֮ɫĳɹˣ
ѩٴο϶ĵͷǵɹˣΪѪĳպܻܿͬһȸ½סҶϵ飬˭Ҳ׼й¶ȥ
żȻ֮Уɫľګĵ˵ͷʵû뵽ѩ岻Ҷ˼ߵۣҶƵĳҲʢޡ
Ҫ֪ΪƷʦѩ壬ǶԼƳĳûһʮģ
еԭȻֻѩԼǱĵ׸еֲηѪ֪Ϊ˵جΣ
ȻѩĿһŲǫǫıַǳãҶϵܶҲ࿴˵Ǹᣬ𣿡
Ųǫɫһ׵̫үүף
ղҶϵߵʱпȥҿͺһ𣬱ȥҶҰݷһˡ
ǣ

ʦļٵſŴ¸ȥȻʥڴŰ֮ǰԯǸڲ֪ûмԯǣҪܿĽϢ߾ºԯǸķͬţǸϽȥҿ
ϧʦ֪ʱ˿̣ھԯǴŰԶһСׯУз߶ڿѰҵʥӣվ
ԾһϮ°ɫɮۣվͬһһһſʵϣȴһɰ˴ȱķŭ
Ϊ˿̳ǰĲʲô͵ĴׯһѶԫбڣʬҰѪɺӵķ棡
پߺ˵ڵϵʬѾ˸ʬϵѪѸɺԣѾµѪȴޱ
ȻЩѾһʱˣֻΪλƫƧûб˷֣ӦǵһĻˣ
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ʶλߣҶĻϳλŨŨĲʶȥߣǵ͹˵Ǹߡ
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Īɽסͷӣս֪Լ˵ķ񣬸׼ѯʣɫûκεı仯
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޿̵ķһŭȡ
ҶﶼЦˣҵȻ֪˭ļԲôһʱ䣬Ͳǵˣ
һ㶣˵ʵҶﻹǵҶԱߵҶԪʱȻѿڶ㣬ҶҶ
ҶЦŵҾǸɾȿɲȵҶС㣬
ҶĽɾȿɲȡּ
Ҷ˭֮󣬷ȻҲ˵Σϲٴθֳ˳Ū֮ɫʮӡġšû뵽㾹ȻĺƤμӴѡˣҵҪһʱ䣬ܴʲôľϲ
ųЦ߹ҶߣҲ׷ƥͻȻʧ顣
ҶҡҡͷҶԪүүҲȥɣ
ҶԪղһֱҪ˵ջ˵ͷҶһ𣬴ź뿪ˡ
źǵ뿪ƥſڵϵĿӲק֮УΡΡվ׷ŷıӰȥ
һСʹ˽ԭȶڵڿֵҲ׷˳
ˣҶǲݺʵ˭Ҳûرע˭ҶͺǶǿϢȻҲûע⡣
ڲͬˣĿ˸ղһĻˣμסҶ֡
һ䷷ͨĵ֮ڣԼѮߣȻ˽һ˵㿴СһеŹְҾȻ͸ΪСڹñͣģ
һСС۵ߵͷСһҲʶԱߵǸͷ֪ҶԪǵԭȵҩͯСһӦӣٺ٣׶ѾͷĺܣƽˣܹССĽѵһˣСӶθڣ
ôѲ㻹Ϊͽ
ҪܹͨѡҵȻŹˣ
ʱһλɫƺӴӴ첽˹ȥһû˵ĵط֮ͣͻȻЦѽЦˣأΪͽڵҲ̫Դˣ
Ц֮󣬽ƺӵϺȻ¶˳ݣĵҴȺڵһҪǼڣǴȺڣϣܹʱϵ˵


233 ö֮ĺ
ʱһζԴӵһ˷֮ҶСû˿ȤԸջĴŶֱ죬Ÿˣ̫ɽȥ
Աǰ࣬ҶִֵĹһ£нңμӴѡģڰ֮
ҶԪƲ⣬ͨѡĸΪʮһҲ˵βμӴѡģʮ˳ͨΪڵŵӣˣȻֻȻ뿪ʧȥⱲǿܽеһ߾Ļᡣ
Щ˱˴֮಻ʶżȻʶģҲֻǵͷǴкǿҶʱ򣬶΢Цĵͷʾ⡣
һӡ̫ɽɽ֮ΰɽţҶܶûκκøУ̲סǷһ̾
ǧ꣬ռذĶӢڵׯ԰ǰ̫ɽû˿Ŀɱԣ̫ɽɽһɽ壬ҪĶ
ǰߴʮ׵ľ޴ɽ˵Ӣڼ죬ȴԲҽ졣
֮⣬ɽŵǵʮ֮һڣָ߸ϵĵλɲӢСܹġ
ߵɽ֮Ĺ㳡ϾͣΪֻҪɽţζ̤ڣڻûгΪŵ֮ǰǻûʸ
ɽ֮ڣȴѾۼ˲ˣЩȻڵŵӺ״ӣЩĸǡ
һεڴѡ˵һ£ڲ֣ڸǰΪԼѡʵͽܡ
ֿܱУôܹҪμӴѡֱӳΪŻ״ӣҶԪΪֱУԳΪһҩͯ
Щ˶ԵӵҪԽԽߣѾٻˡ
ŵҲԶԶվҲͬ߱ڵʸƽʱɽ֮ס޽ķݡ
Ҷķųʶɽڵһ´ٴ΢΢Ծ
Щ˵ʵȻ͵ĶڰӡʮӡҲһץһѣĸ־Ȼ֮࣡
϶ڵȫʵȻԽԽҶе𾪣ȻΪʮ֮һ
ٶվɽ֮ǰľ޴㳡ϣĵûһÿ˶ĵĵȴڽİš
ڣۼɽ֮ڵڶÿһˣˣҶ۾ɵһɵĺܰ
ͷ⸸Ů˾Ȼͬʱˡ
ʱһ꣬׼û˿ı仯ȻǵҶʱǸ磬һ°׳°֮ŽǣɫƽŮĿȴȺ֮صţȻѰҶ䡣
ǰ·ӡĵӿ׸Ů¶֮ɫȴǼæӭǰȥŷ׹ʩСĵʦ塣
ȻЦеĳŷʦã
ǸڵӣѿӦҲǷ׷֮һ
׵˵ͷҾǹģǰǵĹȥ̨ˣ
˵֮һ˫ϵ۾һɨˣ˸оһɾ޴ѹԭЩŵֶһֳ羴
񣬾ܲ˴ʵǻ˵ã
ֻҶЦȻΪǷ׸ѡڿֻһ۵ģҪ˭ԼȻ֪ˣ
ٶҪһۿҶǲܵ£Էһɨ֮ʹŷת뿪֮أڶŵӷ׷á
ڶԵĿȴǼڷϣ
׸ŮʧƬ֮ʮӡߵ˵ǰѡ̨Уλ
ν̨һƽ̨ɽ֮ڣȵҶʱ򣬷ƽ̨֮һ̨ڷʮſӣѾˣ֮һǸոռķס
ֻϵһϣҪֳ֪֮£ܹŵģȻǵλݼ֮ˣλİҲǺнģмĲҶ࿴мˡ
һ֮£ҶȵĲгΪмУһȻǺᣡ
ǿҪҶһģҶ֪ǴȺڵĵӣڣпܻᣬټҶҲҪиԺ˵˵ȥ
û뵽͵͵ˣڻö֮ڵ֮ϣⲻҶеЦԷǵĸо
˿̺ȻûзҶСĺλݣòʵ˵ʲô
ѿϴŽ֮ɫȻߵλˣǷǳ𾴵ġ
ǿҵĺĵĴʹ֮£ҶĶ䶯˶ϢĿʼ׽֮ĶԻ


234 ̫
̫ɽߴ𣬹ɽ壬ֱΪ飬쵤ս壡
վգӸµĿȥͻᷢɽУһĵ״ȥһҲֵ
̫֮ϣֱסڵλǿߣľס֮ء
ȻΪ˼Ѿ£ͬλǿҲͬˣһ̽
Ȼʱ˿̣λǿȴͬʱ۾һ˿֮ɫ˵Ѿ˵Ķ𣺡λ԰꣬߼Ȼ磬Ӧò⣬ΪԷһ鷳սʦǰȥһ̽
սϣһλͿıδ󺺻Ȼͣ
ս˵ˣͬڣٴα۾
̫ɽɽ֮һɽ·֮ϣĪһʯͷ̧ͷ졣
󲮲ڵ֪𣿡
Ȼ֪ˣһʮ겻˭ˣҪᣬҶúк
ں֮䱾ǵжԣټ˫йڣȻаܹǷ֣ΪԷһкᣬʱ򷴶˴֮Թ϶
󲮲Ϊ磬ίˣ
Ī綮µĵ
ЦĪԴĵɵѾͷ󲮲ôίˣˣˣ
ֻ֮ϣս˽̤һɫ޸һһ㣬˵ǰ֮ʱһ㶣̶¶֮ɫ󣬾Ȼ㣡
վкٺֱֵսǲǺ⣬ģô䱸ɲǸܵġ
ս΢һԥ¾޸Ѿʧͺվ
˶͸ߴĿ֮ˣվȻȻĲһǿİͣ˲ֱӡ
ĪȻûܵӰ죬ҲվЦĶսʩһսǰãĪ磬󲮲㡣
ŮЦ޵еģսʵѾüˣǿĪ΢ЦȴҲ¶Цݣ˼ֵĪ磡ӦսŮˣͷô˵ҵģ
ĪȻԴ˫ۿ죬ģźӣɤŵ£ܹϺһս֮ģΨսѣ
Īں̬ģµĸΩΩФս˺ͺ̲סݸһЦ
һЦ֮Իս˿źѾͷڣʲô£
ƤЦĵҲûʲô£첻ڵĴѡ֮£ԸɴѾͷʶʶеš
ս˸źⷬһʱ֮Ҳʵ벻ĿģĪ̽ŵսǰܲҼʶһ£
΢һԥ֮ս˵ǿԣִѡ˵ʵûʲôǴֵģóȻֵĻ²ãɣڿйۿɣҪˣΣ
ڵǿߣȻǳĸˣӡӵѡΣǵȷûʲôȤǰںݺͶĪϲսҲܴӦ
Ȼȴҡͷﻹõ㣬սææȥĵĴһԿˡ
ǺﻰĿľҪֹҶڵģսǿҶ϶᲻ϧһд۵ȥȡҶʱӵ鷳ͲսǶȥʵʵ֮ϴžС
ս˳ɵĿź󣬶ȻһߣСĵѽ֪Ū㣬һʵ˵˰ɣģ
ǰʱ䣬һСһѾͷˣֱӽߵģ˵ҪμӴѡҲô˵¶ŶԷҪԳĸжû취Ҿʹˣ˰ɣѾͷۣԼ˼˵ҪǸȥ˼ˣ
˵Ļǰ٣ս֮һ̶ȴȫˣͬʱ̲סЦԭˣȻǾˡҵһˣλֻҪˣܹۿ
ҿɾͶлˣģҵ嵣Բ£ʱԣ´пյʱȻȻЩûб仯
սһ⣬Ȼһͷãлԣȸˣ
Ŀս뿪һҿСͷԼ򵥺úŪҪǻĻ¾ûôˣˣѾͷ߰ɣϾҪʼˡ
ս˻صս壬Դķʽľ˵һ£Ȼ֤£Ҿûͬһˡ
ֵı֤ǼзģǶ֣Ҳ˿Ļɡ
ȻһĬ֮˵ȴ¿ûô򵥣


235 ز
ǿ֮УΪȻ˵ⷬвûʲôԵȻо˲ԡ
Ϊʲôûô򵥣ʵ
ʦ֣ս֮ŮʲôݣμӱŴѡıȻǴӱ뿪ŵ֮󣬶˾Ȼܹϧһ·β浽ڣսʦ֮ЩڣôԲͬŮŵһĪͺ󶼺Ҳ²⣬δĪǰĿҪֹ˼ڣ
սɲʵʦܣ˵ĶԣҲûʲôҲս֪أ
ս֪һԿ϶ǾǱĪ翴ϵˣԲͨˣӦüѣкܴĿܻͨѡΪŵӣԺŻֹ
˶٣˽ŵ⣬λʦ֣Ȼ챾ŴѡҲЩɵǰ񣬵ȲǰȺڵˣ룬ĴȣӦþԻͬġ
Ȼ˵ȷǲôеˣǱʵĵӣȴκ˶Ըġ
ˣһݵĳĬ֮ٴοڵȻˣʦܣȥпδѡ֮УмǱʵˣôζɴ
ͣ

̨ϣҶ˺λ֮ĶԻ
ԭλ˾ȻǴȺһλõ˳ڷõĵӡ
֮ȻΪᵣҶΪڵĵӣ͵͵š
ȻȺڵûǰôԺˣձȻҵﵡټ˳ΪȺڵķ֮ߣԺ˲УŻὫ˰֮ϡ
˽ǵ֮ҶȻЦԷǣȴҲǾޱȡ
˵ʵҲκεĹϸ𣬿ﻰүүүүѪ
⣬ҲͬΪԼǴȺڵүү֪ǳʲôĿģȻľ͸Լûҵүү֮ǰԼҲȺڵ˽
ǽľ͸ˣҲǲܵ£үүȻֽľԼȻ⣬Լô͸ˡ
ʲôʱҵүүҲûӰ£ȵڵĴѡ֮Լ׼ȥ޵ԼĸˣһȥҲããδ֪
ҡҡͷҶԼ˼˻ٶҲûãͷȻֱһ˳Ȼɣ
ʱҶԪҲ˺ᣬ¶֮ɫĿҶǸǸǺǰ𣿡
ҶεĵͷһɵĵӣŸеϵɣԱģû£
ҶԪɫŹֵĿźᣬһʱ֮仹еܲˣƽԼֵܵĺᣬھȻڵĹϯϡ
תһ룬ҶҵЩˣʵ϶Ǹ߸ϵĳ֣ΪҶ˵ֵˣԼһ棬˼ҶԸҲȻˡ
үүЩŵУ˺֮⣬мڵģ
ҶԪЦŵҵݵ΢Ҳûʸ̫֣Щ˷֮⣬ֻϳںԵĽӣǸճģݼߣǻɺʯǳĸ֡
үүĽܣҶӿһɻ󣺡Ϊʲôеǽʲôʲôӣеֱ֣ͨ
ʲôʲôӣǽеţҲ֪ڣֻеλ⣬Ϊﵽصģʸӵеš
ҶԪĿ¶һ˿ĽζϡǵõԼڳΪҩ֮ͯ˽ﻹԼȡһţֻⱲӣԼ¶ûʸܹӵһˡ
ҶԪҶеĽ̾ͱԺȡԼûʸ񣬲Ҷ϶ܹӵһš
ҶȻ˸£ʲôõģ͸ԼԼҪ
ڣһλʮӡֵָ֮£Բμδѡ˴Ⱥ˳̨ǰ
Ҷ֮ǰ²˶࣬μӴѡ˶
ȻҶǹĥ䵽ųǺỹǷףһ۾ͽ˳
ڷͶĿ⣬ҶᣬֻǶݺݵĵźᣬ¶ڨЦͣＷüŪۣߵ˳Ǵһ˿ɻҶ
ʮӡĸӵʦʵʮˣʦ
Բ΢֣ҲЦ棬ȥͷǳ˵վЦеĵãλǶӦ֪ѡĹˣһҪ򵥵ǽһ¡
ѡܹͬΪصĲԣֻҪͨһؼɳΪŵӣͨؼɳΪŵӣͨأôпܳΪ״ӣ
Ϣ׼μӴѡģҶԪˣ¶ϲɫôȵҪ˲أ
ȻӽֵȱˣȻҪˣصѶȺΣȴӣ֮ǣҿûΣλڲμӲ֮ǰÿ˳üȻĻһûʱڶңڸŲ𣡡


236 
˷ȸԾΪδѡҪɶе˵ˣⷬǵ˷ܶʱһɨա
ȻĴѡҪǷǳϸ񣬵ǺôʲôΣհҾΣգλһտϴûгʲô¹ʣżȻܵǱز٣Ǵû˵˭ڴѡĲ֮У
˲˰ҶڵһЩ⣬˲ʼ׷תͷԼĳȻѯʣԼǷӦüμӴѡ
Ҫ֪ЩμӴѡģԶǸܳǱˣδ˵ǰ;ϣ֮ǣȻ벻ڣȻеź˵Ļۿɾ̫ˣ
һʱ֮䣬ͬǰ˶ʱ۷׷ҪڶʱðúһԣǲðգӴߣ
֧ʱ֮󣬾жʮӱǵĳԭ˻ȻǷδѡ
ЩûбĺӵļҳҲڴĶţо͸Ͻ˳ǧҪǿ
ΧҳǵļѾҶԪǸи֣ԼεºܣȻܹӵҶһӣҪԼһġ
Σգ
ֲμӡߵĹؿΣ
Ĭվޱ飬ľ޶ԣû˳֮ŽŵãʣʮˣǾҪʼأһأʯʦܣɣ
ʯʦܾǸղҶԪܵǸʯˡ
ʯߵ̨룬˵ֱѵԼ£¶˼ǿ׳˷ܵĴ˴ֵѵ£Ůĳ⣡
һ仰סˣҶﶼƣòԼҪҲһɣ
ʯһЦǱᣬ·Ϊ˼һûдʲôߣ
׹һЩ˵ʱ⡱һ£ΪҶڵĲˣϻĴиʽܹǿķߣ¡
ȻҶѾгĽĳףΪģû¹
ʯĻû˸ҲǲμӴѡкǱ㿪ʼԼϵ·ҶѵµʱλվڷķһļЦ
ȻȻҶ俴ҶǼ£ΪҶһǰȣʵʲô
һǰҶӡڶӡٶ˵㣬ӡҲͷͬ
ҶⷽļЦѵ£¶ԼͬʱܹҶؿڵˣǵĿȫ˹ȥ
ΪҶؿ֮ϣӰƵͼ
˶û֪˵ͼˣڳ֮Ŀ⼯еԭֻǽͼһŹֵͼ
ѪսĹͲ̽ѨḶ́Ҷ弫Ϊ׳ʵ͵Ľʵ⹴ճһģû˿֬
µĹУʯĿⰤĴÿ˵ƹͬʱϵҡԴҶ֮¶֮ɫԼ°ͷ
˵Ŀⶼʯ·ҲˣһҪʲôأ
ʯ΢΢һЦҲ˵ǱϷһͻȻһ޴ĺɫ壬һף䵽˵ϡ
ֻ䡱һ죬̨ǿĵ涼һ𣬰̳ɢȥڿǼɫ塣
ʱһε
Ǽɫ壬Ȼһ߹ײģײĵ²λ˩һӡ
ֻߺɫĹײĲ֪ʲôɣǽǲѲ³ķأ
Ȼ˶ʯӳ߹ײģȴȻνĵһزݾʲô
ʯһָϵĹײĵһأΪ֮أÿ˹߼߼סߵĲԽ࣬ĳɼԽãһײΪףǻðģûܹܵס¶ȵĻȰǻǲҪˡ
ף
֣ðһɺ⣬˵߼ˣһð棡
㿴ңҿ㣬һʱ֮ûһ˸ǰҶȻ£Ҳ뵱һĵһԵȴš
ʱһһĹȥʯϽ¶˲ͷ֮ɫͷӣĵ˵ͷʯ̴ڿʼźöӣһһұľȨ
ҶӦ죬ʯûµʱѾ쵽˵м䡣
ǣڵһλһͱȽ겻òΡΡߵ׵ǰ˶ס׼δصġ


237 ۺ
վ׵ǰȥԥԥ˫֣ץס˹ײ˩ŵǸӣȻרΪ˷˱ġ
˫Ȼͨ죬ֱ֮ϵļҲǸ߸߹Ȼײľڵ˸һ˿
ҶҡҡͷʵͨԼʶΧЩͬšΪ翴
ȻЩ˵ʺΪڸ֮еͬоԶǳ͵ģ磬һȣС
оߵȻǰӡҲӽʮˣڵĹ涨μӴѡıǶʮ¡
󲿷ֶصģ͵ľȻأӡģʣŵҶҵĻ˵ҶȣǺҶᣬҶǱȣҲġ
Ȼˣ϶޷ͨڵĴȵģҶ벻ͨΪʲôЩӡĳǣҪѵúǽһ´ۣ
ǰڷŹײĵ꣬ӡأӦôﵽʮ꣬ʹ˳̵Ҳֻùײĵһͷ뿪˵棬Ҫǲܵ飡
ʱ̹Щҳ̲סʼ˽ˡ
ΪʲôҪĲԣǿߵħ߲Żģ
ǰ㲻ħޣҲֻרпܾײİɣǵĺӴСʼӡǾ簡Ĳ̫ƽˣ
ȻЩﶼɻ󣬲ȴûĿڴɣǲƽҲֻˡ
ֻҶҡҡͷΪ֣Ȼ֪ײĵĲԿֻʵϿȴߵۺʣ
ʿɲǽ
ԣؽԣĿЩʵķ棡
ȷʵأҶžԲص̧̧ĵز̧ΪûΪ㲻ʹٸһ㲻ʹӵе
ӡѾˣӵеȻҲﵽһĳ̶ȣôֻҪõĵĿ壬ùؽ㣬һ㣬ԿԽײıϣ
ײ߼Ŀģֱӿľ׼ãҶڴͨѨλʱᡣ
ײǧ㱳ǧҪķôķڰװ˷һôֻһڶȥҲƽأ
ðĻ棬ҶûпҲ÷ۣܾãײðĻ¶ȱȻ̫ߣ
κζûĹ䣬ǲƾðģǾ˵ʯ϶ǰиײĴӶ档
ȻĻ棬ô¶ȾǿԵڵģҶƣʯݴߵΪû߱ʵ¶ȣҲôˣǾԲڶ
һŬ˰죬Ȼû취ײľɫȻȥʧֱܾ뿪ǼһԵȴŵڶغ͵ء
еŶ鿪ʼĳԱײģҶǰ棬ܹʮˣǰʮȫʧܣҲֻǽײĸ̧Ǹ޷ŵԼıϣ
ΪǵĹؽ̫Ӳ
ҶҲˣʮȻûܴ֮أײȴҲûð棬Ȼ֤ǰĲ룬ʯΪġ
ʮһһλ͸ߴĴ󺺣֮ϼ߸߹Ȼܹоһֱļʵʵá
Ϊ󾫲࣬ôļ⣬Ӱٶȣ
Ҳ˻˵Ӱٶȣ
;ҲǲעٶȣǸֹУһһεСأܳΪʤĹؼ
Ҷ򶷵ʱ÷֮ԼٶȣҶûƶĻǸûа취壬ֻܱ򣬽ȻͲ˵ˡ
ҲΪʲôʯֻǷǳҶ͵ļ⣬ȴǰ׳ļԭ
˵ʮֿô󺺣
ҲȻûʧߵ˹ײԱߣԹײģֻֽץסƬ֮󣬿зһ󺰣ͬʱ˫ȻĿ˫۵ļ⼸ĶҪըĵϸߡ
ȵ뿪˵棬žһ֮صĵ˴󺺵ıϡ
Ȼţ
ײĵµʱٶԽ죬ԽԶԽĽһʧȥƽ⣬˶ǰ˳ȥ
˵СǺ󱳵ĹײصѹɾʹˣܿĽѹ
ҶоһԥԼҪҪȣϾַʽʵ̫ϧˡ
ͬʱʯüͷҡҡͷһ̤һɾ޴ʮ˶޷Ĺײľ׵ıǾ˴һ
ҶȻûг֣˿Ȼʱ۽ǺȻƳķ׺Ȼŷ˵ͷ¶˷֮ɫɱ˹
üͷһ壬ʱ򣬷Ҫʲôѵ˵ҲҪף


238 ҫ
Ȼʯߣϴ΢Ц޵գʱ˲Ů۾ֻҲ֪ʱܹҪʲô
ʯһۺ󣬾תͷвμӴѡǵǴ˶Ϊ֮ؿֻǵڣҾ÷ʾǿ
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Ҷ֮⣬˼ԼĶ䣬ʯȻҪ÷εεС߹ײģ
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˿ĪһĽŵ󲮲Ҷܱ߹ײ𣿡
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ʱ΢΢¶һÿ΢ЦҶӦþˣ


239 Ĳֺ
ҶȺ֮߳ʱԭ۷׷׵̨ͻȻͰ˵Ŀ⣬ȫеϡ
Ȼеľ˶ʶǰμӴѡȴΪǰǸСס֣ڵĵȴǱǰͼ
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еĹԽԽǿСӵʵƺԼеĻҪ߰


240 غ쳾
ֱҶ߻ԭڵλą̃Ծɾĵûһ𣬸ղҶıѾȫǾˡ
ҶʵΪжߣȴʵʵĲʮ꣬һӣδķչǲģ
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¶ķ֮ɫҶҡҡͷô򵥣ɼסغ쳾ȻӦһ֣ͨǵĸй۷һЩ˭ܳܵסЩ˭ֵʱԽ
ҶԼҲǶڴģΪֱӵĹй۱Ȼ˵ڴͨѨ˵û׼һֱĸܣ
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ͨһԹߵϣȻӸոտʼʱѾһ˵˵ϣȴյ顣
ţ֮ͨͽӶŵЩǾԼһεĵȥ
գ۵ĹȻ˵ֻʣ²ʮˣҶ֮⣬Щ˵Ҳǳ֮ɫҡΣʱеȥĿܡ
Ҷɫƽ˿ûյĸţԺ֮Уȴǽĳһ׳ĺΰ
ͬʱڸ߿յĺ󣬶ȻüͷҲ˲Īߣ̲ס˾໰Ҳ٣˲򣿡


241 ׻
ڱ˵ɵֻһֵǶҶ˵ЩеͬʱȴǳֳһõĻ档
ޱߵɫ֮ϣ׵ƲеƮţãĴ֮ϣָʽֲۿɼٶȿٵţɫĲݣɫĻһĿ
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ȺڹоŴãÿһõǿԺ͸ƽƽĽɫ˳ȻΪǾ֮ģǳصľȴ֮λҪΪıԣǹˣǾŴ֮еľʦ
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242 ֮
˳˵غ쳾ԴϹʱڵһսڵһλǰõΪʱ̫ԶѾ޴Ӳ֤ս
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ҶͣΪǸŵĻ棬ĵıȫı֮ϣЩлĻȥĶܹ»
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ڣҶ۾еĻȫʧ۶ɵҲ֮ɢ޾ͱˣվ˫֮⣬˻ɵΪʲôڵһ֮ҪٵǸĻ棿


243 ֮
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һزԵݺܼ򵥣ǰҵ۾ǸԵǱѣܹϵģͨ߸ϵģ֣ʮϵģֱΪ״ӣ
׵ⷬ˵꣬Ⱥʱըˣ
ΪεĲԻж򵥣Ͼղŵġغ쳾ѾһܺõĽѵΪ׵һ仰ֻҪӵʱﵽʮܱΪ״ӣ
״ӣ
һ֮ߵĵˣֱ˶ģ
Ϊ֣ʸֱȡ״ӵģû˻仰ʵԡ
Ҷȴٴ¶Цͳ巽Ը񣬸˺Ӳұѵʱ䳬ʮ
һֵˣڿʼ˳ǰ
˵֮󣬷ױȥȻǲ׼˿Լ۾
һߵ˷׵ǰ˷׵۾Ȼֻһ˲䣬ĿоͶȻһУȻԵڵأȥһʱ䶼ûе
˶ʱǲ֪׷ʲô벻ͨ׵۾֮ʲôȻܹôɱ
ֻзϴŵɫԼ׵ҹۣɲһܹܵ˵ģ
˷֮⣬ʼſҶԪϵĺǣһǰڵģͷעŷ׵ıӰֻͬڶС鲻ͣת
ӣɺʯ˶ĵҡҡͷҲû뵽׾ȻԼҹΪԵݣҲëҹ۵ǿǺϢϢء
Ҷ֮ǰ꣬Ȼûһܹͷ׵۾ӳһʱھʹһ߻ˤ۾ڵϿޡ
֮ǻޣΪ̫Ϊǵ۾ͷ۾֮˫۾ͻֺֻۣ˺ҧһ
һĻҶüͷѾšһףԴЩμӴѡĺӣȻ˿û飬ȫȫʩΪ
Ϊؾĸ֣ȫʩΪ֮£Щֻ߰ӡĺܳܵ˵ģ
ֵҶˣ
Ҷһ˿Цߵ˷׵ǰкڵ¶һָĹâ
׵ӴҶʱﾹȻûɵĴ˸
˫峺۾֮£ƺһɿ񱩵


244 Ե
˿׸вһ˿η壬ԼղԼһۻˡ
ҶһʱڣѾӡɳʮӡǸԼسȣ֮Լôܻᱻŵأ
ҶйȻҲû˿ƽޱȣһȪһ峺ס
׵һ˿Цʵ׼𣿡
ҶЦеĵ˵ͷ׼ˣ
ҵ۾
׶Ȼһȣͬըÿ˵Ķߣô˾öǡˡ죬ɲǼɥʧ
Ҷȴûһ΢΢һЦ˿ûܵŻκβ̹֮ȻĿ˷׵۾
ͬʱڿеĪѾŵ˫ֽһȻûףҲ֪׺Ҷ֮ľ𣬵ȴĲˣ׶ҶûģæתͷĿ󲮲ҾҶΣա
ȻһЦԼ֣һԹۿҲԲҶκΣյС
Ц˲ϣȻתͷͻȻƾճλɫ۵ˣ˵λʦ֣
һλԼѮˣ֮Ʈ縳룬նɷǣһۿȥ˶øС
ֻź΢΢һЦ֣þòˣ
ȻǿߣǺ˿ûη֮ɫ¶Цٺ٣ģѵðȻͬʱҪۿ˵ȥû˻ţôѵҪң
ЦҡҡͷˣʦܵĴϹģҶҲ˽⣬ģʦܺԼȻЧҶκãȥǾԲǿ󣡡
˵ʵȻǻĲ˺˿ĵ仰̤ʵĴָģ仰˵Ļô¡
ʱĪңңӯӯһݵĪ磬λǰ
ûκζһ΢ѾĽĪͬʱЦеĵֶŮöսŮˣҵĽѰ
Ȼ˺ս֮йڣǾԲܽĪ磬˵Īϻ۹ɵģҲʵϲ
ԭ˵ʲôһԵȴüͷһ׺е㲻Ծ
£ѾȫĿͶ·̨
Ҷǰﻹз׵۾Լǰһ޾ԨԨԼԨ֮ȥ
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ȻҶ׵ҹ۵ãȴܸܵǸɫԨջԼһԼԨǵȴԼĽٲĵ
ҶƴԼͬʱͥѨ΢һ˿𶯣ʱ˹ȻǰԾһԨȴо˿ˣ
Ҷֻ֪׵ĳͷǣȴ֪ʵϷ׵ĳͨǣǱΪҹǵǣ
ҹǳӵǵһб֮⣬ӵһ˫۾ǿ˵꣬ʧԼгֵĺɫԨ֮Уһʧ˾͵ʧȥ꣬㲻Ҳֻһʬˣ
ҹ۾Ƿͨӵеһ
˵¶ҪҶ׻ٵԲŶҹۣ
º˷֣ҲԽû뵽ҶôƵһɶ
ܿϧҶͥѨ֣ͨ꣬ͥѨ𶯣ȻΪܵҹ۵Ĵ̼ķ֮ʱ
Ҳע⵽ˣҶڻ֮Ȼָֻܿ峺˵ѾֵסԼҹۡ
һҧ׵˫֮оȻֳֻͷ
ҶǸɫԨ֮ϣҲֳ֮һ˫ģ͸¶ѪͲ̵۾
Ƿ׵ĳķʽ˫֮С
Ϊ˻ٵҶ׾Ȼڴ˿̶Լĳ
֣ʹŷѾͷųΪֵʵҶֻӡߵĻھû˿ֿ֮ġ
ڷΪԼƱػɹҶĻʧҹеʱ򣬺ȻһĹԶԶĴžͿһֻɫСһҶļ֮ϡ
ֻСǸͷۣʮֵƽӹһ洦ɼСû˿֮ǣ۾ȻѪɫģ
Ѫɫ˫֮¶ᣬ̣
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245 Ľ
ҹȻҲǿǻʵĺᣬ޵ǿɾͲԶˣ
ˣ׿˫Ե֮ʱѾһƬޱ޼ʵѪɫռ䡣
һͷߴɵľ޴ǣӸ£עԼ
һɾ޴֮˲串˷׵ȫָ޷ֺͬʱѾӿһޱߵľ⣡
ĳǴܵºܶ˵еĶҲ˺ǣ
ǼȻǻʵĺᣬô͵еĻʣ֮У棬ȼǼΪصġ
ҹǿ󣬼ԼĻʣҲֻйԹԵĸ׳ƳĤݣ
η壬÷ױҲܵӰ죬ԭóʧҹۣڵǰȴǷԼ
ʧȥһĿͷɺǣƺڵȴŶԷԼˡ
ҶǺҪɱ׵Ļֱ׾٣ֵҲΡ
׿ɲͨڵӣûسľ磬Ҳӵĵλ
ԭܼ򵥣ףǿ֮һˣ
ԭǧأֻĵš
ΪŸôټϷױҲʲܹ۳Ϊصĸ֣Ůӵеĵλ裬Ŀˣ˶ֻ
ǸճӣڷʱҪزԵʱҲòͬ⡣
߷׵˲ŷǧأҲû˸ȥ˵Ҳһֻ۱һֻֻۣҪĲ̫֣͵ûп
ˣ˸о׵Ծʱǧؼ̾Ѿͬһ·ȥ
Ȼһ⣬һĪƵǧأʲô
˵֮󣬽Ҳȥ
ҵæҲβͬʱ·ȥ
ֻǰһҶͷ׵ԣȻͬȰĳˣڳôˣȻûһ˿γֵģ
ȵǵò֮ӵʧɫֱԼ۾Ѿжûмŵͬʱˣ
ûǳȥݼǧȻһ֣Ҷ˹ȥıͬһ𣺡ǧأң
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ɢ֮󣬿ĿվҶĪǰһǰƽƽ̩ͬɽһ˿Ķ棬ǧҲͬ˷׵ǰȴһǰһź
Ȼڴæ֮ѾһУȻǺʤһ
ǧ뷢ţݺݵĵźʲô
Ц仰ɣҶʲô
˶ƴţ׼ʱֵӡ
ѾعãȻĿԼǰĸףȻֻɫľǣ֪׷ʲô
ҶȴǱȷһܵ˷ǧΪǿֲϢһѾ׼ʩչź£û뵽ȻͻȻ֣Լһ
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˵ˣһᣬⳡȴñͶûκκøеҶӵڵΪˡ
ղŷ׾ȻϧֳԸԼΣҲ֪Ҷȴͷѩ
Ϊλ֮Ľ̫ͻȻڴ󲿷˶ûзӦȴӰѾ磬ܲ˵ĳ˹վҶߡ
˾Ǻ˳
֮⣬Ǽģǰ龰ʱȻǺԥĺ˳һ𣬱ԼȺڵˡ
˳ͺоһе㾪ȣȺڵʲô֣ҿǵӣƺҶ
Щ֮⣬ҶԪҲ˿ŲȺ˳һ㶼֪ʲôΪҶүүҲԲԼʲô顣
ĪڿҶ¶һĵ׵ЦݣҶܣû°ɣ
ҶѾ֪ĪԼĺøУеεЦЦû£㣬ôˣ
תݺݵĵҶһ۵Ϊ㣬Сӣͷ˵
仰˵Ҷһͷˮʵڲ֪ԼʲôϵҲ֪ڲʱΪڵƺϾҲìܡ
λɫۣò쵫ȴӵųǿƵˣýܣҶҲܲ³ǱȻڵĸ֡
ֿվ⣬֮ȴҶĪ磬ԼǸΧ


246 ۸ӵĹϵ
̨ĳ˵һƬҵУղŻúõڽŵصĲԣͻȻ֮䣬һоͶˡ
ʱ򣬻ȷӦæӵϽȫ
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Ҫ֪Ⱥеκһܳ𼫴ĺ䶯ھȻͬʱһطҪǴȥȸ½ƶ÷ˡ
ȻҲ㲻ô£Ǻܿ죬æʯͻɣһȽǰɵߣȻٽμӴѡٶ˺ŵǫ̈̄
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ȴԼܹµĳ֮Իôҵľ棬ȫΪǸҶ꣬ÿҲסҶ֡
ڣ޹ԱѾȫ뿪̨ʣµĶǽĵˡ
ڵĹʮˣֱˣ׸Ůˡ
Ⱥˣ˳ͺᡣ
ˣĪ硣
ҶԪҶͺǣ
ʮ˼һͷǣӡ֮⣬ڣȫǳϵĸ֣
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ЦһģȻ˵ǿѹͷߣ㲻ҪΪڵĵҾǣ£Ƕȡ
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ཻ֣꣬ѵ㻹˽ҵΪ˵˿ɲڵ硣
ںˮݵ˫֮ã˭Ҳκε˭ĸ֣׿ɾ֮˽ﻹе㽻顣
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ҶߵѾɵҶԪߡ
ҶԪڵʮҩͯǼ˾ԼʦˣûˣǱ˴˼ĳƺ֪ԭֵľȻˣһʱ֮䣬ﻹ˵
ҶҲүүʼսԼڵĵӣЩ˵ǰҲµģôȻֻүүվˡ
ȥ˳ͺ£û뵽ҲŪһͷˮ
֪ҶڵǴȺڵվţΪ£Ҳ
תһȦΪ˴֮۸ӵĹϵͬӦһȻҲûһ˿¡
ȴ׹ĹؼȻҶǴȺڵˣǺ󣬾ȻԼеҪΨҶհ˼
һתҶԪǱŵӣ
ҶԪһ飬æڵأҶģԥһ֮ͷˡ
ʦص߱Ʒ£үүȻǵӵҩͯڵĵӣôڵҲӦ顣
ҶԪͷ˵ҶԪʦӡ
Աߵ쵤΢΢һЦͽܣ쵤ˣ
ҶԪһ֮󣬻æڵתȥ쵤˹ߵŰ֮񣺡Ӱݼʦ棡
쵤ĵͷɣҶԪҶҿӳ˸˲Ű
˳һۣ˶ԷεĿЦڵĹϵԽԽˣԼȺүүȻ˼쵤˵ͽ
ҶڵĻǴȺǳڵĸˣ
ҶԪȴվ̧ͷҶСĵݼ̫ʦ档
Ҷ﷢һ̾Ϣݣ
ǰǵӵĻôҶ϶ݣΪΪҶԪʦҶԪչ֮ʱ͵͵͸ҶԪһƾ˵ĽҶԪͽ
ǰ쵤ˣȻǵӵʦǸʶԼүү޶ֻǹ˸ʦֶѣƾʲôҪ
ҶƺûԼĻҶԪż۾ߴ٣Ҷȴ˹ȥֲҶԪ
ҶԪǸģҶȴɾɵľͽ
ҶԪվһɲǣҶ֮ͻȻһɲϢ
ͬʱ췢һ߿ǺСɵһɫĹâٵĳɳ


247 սʵ
ҶڲԼΪֵݣɢǹǿƵʱ򣬾ѾԼµҶʵΪǴ˿Ȼⲻ˴ʧɫ
Χˣ˺Ī磬ҶԪ⼸֪ҶʵΪ֮⣬𾪵˼£
ʮĳֱ֣ʷϵһ漣
׺ͷŮ˴ʱȴң޷ǰʵģһʱ䣬Ȼܹӡ磡
֪ҶʵΪ׾Լ¶һˣҲʮ˵ʲôѾˣ
ȻҶʵֻǳأɢƷ緶Ǻ󵱳УԸûܹ͸
Ҷ֮⣬ҲѸٵĻָԼʵĿһͷͳףëƻĵηһһɨڳˡ
Ҷ֮ľ𣬺ǲ֪飬ղۿ˷ײϧóҪԸҶΪ
ڳҹǵķףе棬׾ȻҪҹ۶ԸҶóѣԲŻǰȥԼΪǻʺݣס˷׵ĳҲ˺һıʡ
ҶĵˣǧرףλֺͷǧһȻǾͽȫ˵ˣֳĿҪҶһͬӭУ
ڵλ֣ҲϳͷޣҲǶҶ𾪣ܹΣϧΪ֮ƴ治֪Ҷôģ
ʱ˿̨̣ѻȸƺҲֹͣĵûһ˿
˵ĿⶼҶͺǵϣǶҲƽĺ˶š
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˵ȵ¶һЦһλĸֲμ̶ֳȵĲԣ˵ɣ
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ǰڵĹ涨ֻҪܹͨѡôܳΪڵĵӣǲǣ
Ҷ˵仰ڳ˵ӿ˲ͬı仯
ᣬ˳ĪȻżĸǼϣҶڵģ˺ҶԪȴ¶ϲɫͷ
˸ǿڵ㲻ܳΪڵĵӣңˣڣֻҪԸ⣬ѡԼʦ
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ӣʯ˵ж͸¶Ľ֮ɫһԵķȴҧԼ촽¶Ƿļʡ
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ἱæͷ͵ǰǰ˵ĶԣӦúúÿǿǣҾӦиʦ
鼱֮£˵©ˣҿ˹˵ĸʦʵָľүү
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ֹˣҶԪڵڵ˴˿̶뷨
΢΢һЦλȨҶǾͲҪˣԼѡɣ
ڣʮڣ
ڣħʮڣ
Ⱥڣڼ֮ϵĳɣ
Ҷѡĸأ
ʵҶԼҲеɣϣԼȺڵԭ֪ΪʲôҲƴأ
ҡҡͷҶһ⣬Цŵһ£ҼȻͨڵĴѡô뿪ڵģүүǷʸعˣ
ҶԪ΢΢һ㶣û뵽Ҷ˵Լ£ҶĻո£쵤ѾȵͷȻʸˣҶԪҾʦʽӽ쿪ʼͻعڣ
عڣҶԪôһԸ룬쵤˵׿˵ҶԪۿ˲ˡ
ͨһҶԪٴιˣĳ˰ȥҶԪлλʦ棡
ҶԪ̧ͷʱֱ鲼Ѿݺᣡ
ʮԸʮ룬һڱʵѾ޷ݡ
һλˣڵϣͬһһֹڳ˶оһᡣ
ҲĶԼһʣЩǰ;ŵ뿪ڵǶԣǴأ
Ҷ߹ȥүүʱĪȴѾһߵҶԪߣʵүүɣ
˵֮£ĪΪһˣûʸҲӦȥΪһУôȻȫǷĵĽҶԪԼүүһ˸޻˵
Ī罫ҶԪһ̣Ҷֹͬˮƽĺ֮ϣһ˿


248 ʦ
ҶԪĪһԣ˵ĿٴμеҶϣϾҶ˵Ŀꡣ
үүʵˣҲҶ΢һҲ֪Լľܻүүµֻôˡ
ҶûἯԼϵЩĿ⣬ǴߵҶԪǰͨһڵأүүԲмһֱ
ҶľٶȻҲǳ˵ϣʲôҶԪһҪֳ֮˵
ҶԪҲסˣֹסˮһԼʲôүүүүġ
Ҷûվǽŵʵʦˣ
ȻҶڶҶԪ˵仰ʵȴڸˣʯ쾪Ļڳ˵ٴη˷츲صı仯һϲҳ
ʦǾζŲٰΪʦΪʦ൱ʦ棬Ҫܵ˵
ҶʦȻζٰڵκΪʦôҲͲܼˣ
ˣ仰˵ǴΪʧᣬ˳Īȴ˷
Ҳںһ£Ҷʦ˭Ȼܹһʮ̳ɳĸ֣
ҶԪȻҲҶ˼ֻû뵽ҶȻѾʦ֮ȻȻĵǸˣ
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ҲǱ죬ΪĴڵģǾħ죡
Ȼ涼ûмҶ֮Ѿ쵱ԼĶʦû죬ͲԼĽ졣
ԭҶҲû뵽ʦΪܾڣǸղѡʦǷУ
ڣҶȻֻ˳ҶԪĻ˵ˣǵģҵʦҲ֪ݣΪʵ̫⣬Ҳ˵
˵֮ҶٴγҶԪ˸ͷԲүүȻ֪ҼڣҲܱʦ˼ңԣԭ¶Т
ᣬ˳Īĸ˵ģǳ׵ķĪ磬ȻϲЦͷʻѾŭţֻҪҶڣô㸸Ȼԣٲôˣ
ȴǴ󵹿ˮ֪ҶܼڣԼαػҪԶܹЩ
ʵҲǷɧѣֻҪĪѾͷˣܵίҲֵõģûзƺҲûʲôί
ͬʱ˷ǧλˣ˿ȴڼҵԴķʽ̸йҶ顣
˵λʦ֣ȻҶʦܳΪڵĵӣ˲ţʵǲӦô
ս˵ǻô죬˼ʦˣܲǿ뱾ڰɣЧֻʵ䷴
쵤ȴ޳ܼ뱾ڣүүǱڵӣүү֮ĸ鼫Ϊ϶ͱڱõĹϵģ˵أ
˳Ƭ̵뱾ǲܵˣ֪ûз֣ڱںΪӣ˵ǲܼ룬˵ǲԸ롣
˵Ĺ۲컹ʮϸģղҶ˵ҶȴǸǣѿҶڵеųġ
ӣս˲ĵû֣СӵȷܿҲܶθڣպĳɾͣҲ֮°
ʼûм۵ʱȴǴһ˿ЦڵʦܶۿеˣǼöˣȻ۳Ǻ˲𣬵Ҫɲô򵥵ˣ
˶пɱԼӵҶûаøС
Ļȴ˿۷ףԼ˵²⡣
ˣҶպô˭Ҳ޷ԣڻ˵˵ҵ뷨ɣݣֹ˵ۣ˵ô˵ҶǱǾ޴ģԼܼ뱾ڣҲҪõĹϵǲҪˣһλʦ
ζĿһۣ˶Ĭˡ
Լ˾һˣ㹻鵤ҩҲ޿ڶʮ֮ǰΪһ֣
Ȼ˼ȴܽ㣬ӵеʵ֮ߣʵǳ˵
˺ȻڵòᣬʦǴ˵е顭
û˵꣬ͱĿϣʦʲôĸˣھҶΪڵˣǣû


249 λ
ڵˣʵǳϣͬʳһһݵĴڣҪǱŵˣֻݱʳҪ̫߳ˣΪеȨκ֮У˵ǽ߼ģȻڳѡѡҲǼΪصġ
ܹγϵˣҪôǵ¸أҪôʵȺҪôӵһ֮֮϶ʲô֮Ϊ̡
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ˣڣǵĵŶǴӳ̳ģҲ˵ǹ̶ģǲġ
Ϊ˵ҪΪﵽǴڵ涨ġ
ˣһε֮⣬мкܳһʱֻ˻Ĵˣѵʱֻˡ
ֳֵˣȻڵʵ»ص۷״̬
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ȻΪ£Ҷ˾ȻҪΪڵĵλˣò˵ȷʵ̫ˡ
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쵤ҲŵǰʦүĹأǲԸİ
ȻŸԵ뷨Ȼ˵쵤ΪҶԪʦ棬ҪԼͽƽƽܽܵˡ
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ЦݵҶԼʱȻٴ˵ɫˣرǷ׸Ů
Ȼϵζʲô÷֪ҶΪŵĵλˣٷ裬ĿˣҲԲҶҶֵġ
˵˵ˣΪϺͼڿȫմߵ飬ҶȿڵˣҲڵĳϡ
ĪҶΪӣǾ͵˵ԼֶŮڵˣԼıֿɾˮǴˣ
뵽պԼԴֵĳƺĵΪˣЦĶҪϲ£ˣ
˳ٴ¶һ˿ЦǴȺڵȥڵˣ˵൱ίģܱȳΪ״ҪõĶˣǻǿܡ
ľҪҶԪˣΪҶܺԼһΪڵĵӶеźȻû뵽·תҶȻܹΪڵˣ
ȻյľȨҶҲٴγΪ˵Ľ㡣
ҪǰҶԼ˼ԸκεĹϸ𣬱˵ˣмһˡ
үүǼҴһ˿ε飬Ҳ֪ԼҪ󶼾ܾĻĻ˵үүˡ
ͬʱҶҲ˷׸Ůҧгݵ飬΢΢һЦҶͷҶ˺񰮣ҪҶƴǵĻҲԵ̫֪ôˣҴӦˣ
Ҷ׿ڴӦڳ˵Ȼһд
ҶʮˣȻΪ˵ʮ֮һڵˡ
нʷһλϣ
˹ЦüˣڽһλˣʵǴϲ֮£֣֣˭Ҳߣȫһݣ
˵ھñӸϣ˳Ҳ뿪ġ
˽ŵɫһټбڵӣʽҶ˵ݣˣҶˣ費Ҫţ
Ҷæֵòãֱӽּɣ
ãҲǿŵǽʱֻίҶסȥȵΪ㰲ŵط
̫ɽֻܹ壬˷ֱռһҶͻȻΪϣסȷǸ⡣
ʱҶԪ׳ŵ˹ҪȥݼʦӣԶöȥ쵤壬Ҳöʦ̽һҩ֮
Ǹ˼㲻ԸҲòװЦˣҶԪ仰֮˵ı˲ס
쵤˶Ȼһ׵ľ룬ҶԪᣬĶҶˣҩʦ


250 ޵
ߣڳֵĲʲôҩʦĻǾˣ
ڳҶԪͺ֮⣬˵г֮⣬󲿷ֻϲɫǺ˳ˣ
ȻҲãĪҲգǶ²Ҷҩʦһֱû֤ݣҲʮֵĿ϶
ȻڼȻҶԪ׿˵ǵĲ²ʵ֪еĸˡ
ҶԪ˵֮󣬾ʶԼ̫ˣȻҶˣҶֻεգգ۾ͬһ͵ҶԪǰ޾ɫĺ쵤˵۾ŵҩʦ
ղ쵤˶ҶΪڵĵλˣﻹЩ⣬Ҷҩʦݣǵ㲻ɢ̲סЦ
Ƚ϶ԣһʮ겻ĳֺͶʮ겻ҩʦպķչ϶Ǻ߸ڴ
֮ͬжһλ֣ͶһλҩʦҲȫͬοڵڣȱľҩʦ
ҲЦ棬ԼҶΪڵλ˵ľʮֵǣ
ͬʱҲΪȺ֮Ҳ£ҶΪҩʦ
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ϸ˵ʮĳظ֣ͬʱҩʦʦݣ˵ˣû˸˵Ĵڡ
쵤ЦеĵҶˣĻԸ⵱򵼣ͬԪһһ쵤壡
쵤˵ݣȻҪ򵼣Ҫǻִ̾Ҫϻ̳ϿֵлҶȴ΢һܾ֮л쵤˵ĺˣүүԼתת쵤˵ݣڳҲен
⵹Ҷʵ쵤˸߸ϣǵӵʦҶԪʦ棬ڵĻҶ˶òڣ
쵤һ֮ҲҶ˼һЦҶ˵Ȼˣɣ
ãȸˣλټ
Ҷ˹˹֣׼ҶԪǰ쵤壬ݼӣȻʱʼղҶԪĪ죬¶һֹӡ
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ҲˣܿĪҶ˼Ȼ˵еƣǽͯŮɲŮòȷһѣȻ˵ˡ
ֻһˣҶĪ磬һСģؽҧɫмҪˡ
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ԭƲҶͻȻ֮ҡһ䣬ΪڵˣＫΪˡ
ȻھȻðһĪ磬۳࣬ʣݺΪҪ߳һȡ
ŮӱƶʣΪСͱ˵ĳ磬ܵԵ׷Ӷ˸߰Ը񣬼֮ǿԶˡ
ҶĪ磬ͬĴڣݺݵĴ̼ģһų޵ӣ
Ȼ˭Ҳûȥ᷽Ī΢죬ѵúߵ˵ͷҶͷҲûоܾ
Ц֮һָս˵սɱܣ˭Ҳ׼úõĺһ٣˭ȵ˭˵Ҳң
˭˭Ҳ˵
˵ĶԻȻΧһôЦЩݽϵ͵ˣȻЦȴֻǿסЦλ֣ǸҳЦģ
Ҷ˵ĴЦУźǣҶԪĪ뿪̨쵤ȥ
뿪֮ǰҶ˺Ĵʲôʱпյʱǧһˡ
ҶȻ֪ĿģȺݾԼԸϣľ֣жΣֻܵͷӦ
˺Ȼֵӣ
Ӽæɱ˹̬ĵʦڣ
ѡҪ󣬷ſ㣬ľɣŵҲУȥɣ
ԭƬֱ࣬ʦ˵ĻſҪǾζи˼ڣиĵӻعˡ
Ÿʲôȥ
ǣȥ
Ӽæкʯͻɶˣɱ뿪ˡ
ҶԪ´Ҳû뵽ΪҶ飬ȻʶĿʼıڵһЩϵĹغ˵Ϊܶһ뿪ڵĵǴ˻عĻᡣ
˵ͬ˳ǰסϢ˴ŷ׸ŮҲ뿪ټ̨ϻָƽһȵڴѡҲһϲĽ֣


251 쵤
뿪̨̫ͨɽɽļɽȻѾ뿪Ｘʮʱ䣬ҶԪʶ;һᳵ·ĴҶеһղ˵ڣ˦ĪĲһȣǰ
һĪ練ҶУβ˵󣬲֪ʱֻһСڹģһߣһеҡβ͡
ǰүүͬǹֱ壬¿ٲϵļʵĴ󲽣ҶȻò˵ܸүүĲⲻпǧ
ڿүүǼΪļڲ侹Ȼǿ󵽼Լֶе
үүܹס״̬ĻôҪ۳Ĳʲôңɼ顣
ȻҶע⵽Ī΢΢˼κ飬ȻԼое˵ʮӡĪˣοүүʮӡѾʱ䣬ﵽ۷壬ĪӦòŽ뼸꣬Ȼ޷ˡ
һҶĬĴɢһĪ˫֮ϣʱǸĪĽϰװһɣʡ˲١
ܵҶʩԼϵȻֻҶһľٶȴĪбůҶһЦ
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ʵŮʲʺĪ硣
ΪȻǣھ£ȴֲʳ˼̻Ůӡ
ǡǡ෴ģԸУƽԸȸ߸ϣֻԶ۲ŮҪʵĶ࣡
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ֶûκ˵û֪ʲôʱʲôʱߣֵʱ򣬴˶û˿Ĳ
Ī粻ˣҴ󵨵׷θ飬ϧǣ׷Ķȴһļһθܷ񿪻Ĺʵκ˶֪
ĪϣҶܹһֱעԼʱһ̶㡣
ϧǣ첻Ը
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ҶԪҲѾͣ˽ŲЦеĳ˹˹ֵСӣǲôѾõˡ
˽һͣ
ͣҶԪһ֮׹ȻԼ뿪ôʱ쵤˲µĹء
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ҶԪ֪͵Ĺأ쵤Ȼû뵽һ㣬Ҳûиʲô͡
ҶԪЦŵ˼ĴæҪˣǾ쵤ʦ׿ͬ⣬ݼ

ҶԪĻû˵ͱ˵Цϣ쵤ʦ׿ͬ⣿㻹֪£ţƤĿеˣ쵤ʦүչض꣬˵ˣ쵤ĵӶûмϻˣϽ뿪ȻҲˣ
˵ͬʱ˵֮Ѿ֮ųһɲƣ˼Ȼھˡ
ܵ˵ĴЦʾҶԪǵԺûõҶһۣȻʾҶûڵĵӸǾְġ
ҶֻܿЦҡҡͷҪǸˣԼεĵλˣĺ̺Լƴ
ڶԷͷųǵƣ˵ҶˣĪҲû˿ĸоӡȻͣǺʮӡ൱Ĳġ
˵Ҳ¶ɻȺԼƵв֮£ȻΪСڹûиоһҡβͣ
Ҷ̲סүүôȥҲǰ취
ҶԪͷŵСֵܣûƭ㣬ҽҶԪʦӣұ뿪ڣδӻμӴѡͨ쵤ʦ׿ͬһع鱾ţݼʦ˼ҵģ
ֻҪڵĵӣͶ֪ѡ飬ȻҲ⣬ԶҶԪĻҲ˼֣Ȼҷɾ裬ȻȺһᣬȥͨʦᡣ
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252 ʦʦ
𣬽žһӰɰĴʯ֮ϳգ֮Ѿ˵ǰ
һ뷢ŵߣɫڣݣޱ߷Ǵ·ɾŲ˿»ؤ
һͷߣȻҲʮӡľ磡
ҶԪѾһӭȥͬĺԪʦ֣ңʦܻˣ
ҶԪе״ˣûϵʱ˭ƽ϶Է˵ʲôѾӵһ
뿪ߵʱҶԪŶʮ꣬ȴǽ꣬һ۾ʮʱȥʱôãʦʦܾȻٴμ棬֪λеļˡ
λ˽ıһòŷֿ˫סͷ߶ҶԪһ󣬸пĵʦܰ㣬û뵽ҲôˣСͽ˵֣Ҽ㣬Ҳϲˣ
궼ʮ绪ïĴ꣬ټȴǴߣ仯֮Ȼ޷ϳ
ҶԪĵͷʦ֣ʦ˼һ𣿡
ҶԪļʦûа㣬ģ˼ҵӹǣҪʵĶ࣡
ҶԪһЦŵû´Ļʦһڵ
˵ˣʦڱչѾ֮ˣ֪ʲôʱܳҲҴ˼֪Ļ϶µҩģ
ΪҶʦҿԵȡ
ʲôõȣʦչǰ⽻ǵģ˵ѡҪһܹع鱾ţʲôʱһҪһʱ֪ͨ
ⷬҶԪвٴһ㱡û뵽ʦĿУԼȻӵҪĵλ
߽ŵˣʦܣĺͨ˴ѡ𣿡
ҶԪæ۾Ҷֵ磬ǹλүүʦ֣ҶԪʣݼʦ֣ҶҵӣѾͷĪ磬Ƕĺѣʦֵĸ˳ͨ˴ѡҲʽõʦͬ⣬»ع鱾ˣ
ҶĪǰֻǼ򵥵ĳҶԪʹ˹֣΢΢һҶĪ磬ݼǰ
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ݣҶڵλˣӼҪй֮񣬶Īս֮Ůٸƽ
ΪҶأĪʮӡҶԪҲֻʮӡܿĸҶԪʾϸкѾǲˡ
ʱҶԪʵзһ˿ãֱ֮˿Ѿˣȡ֮ǿ⸡ֳοʹȰ
ҶԪʸпҡҡͷʦܰû뵽ӶôˣҵһͷӣûС
ҶԪæڴȤʦֿǧô˵Ȼ꼶ȷʵǲСˣҲٻ꣬ôʱѵҸϰ飬ڽӴ
һ仰˵ڳ˶̿ҶԪʸǴЦʦܰʦܣôû찡ǰһ˵ˣҲվˣߣʦܣʦִؼң
ոȥҶԪΪҶԪʵһ仰ǱһᣬҪˡ
ؼңǰԼ˵ô꣬ڻؼˣ
ãʦ֣ǻؼң
ҶĪһЦǰͬһˣǵ쵤嶥ȥ
쵤Ȼλ̫ɽİɽǸ߶ȴȻͣƣлɾĸо
дڵŨȣҶĽѣҶڵĵطܹӵĻ˶ܹͻľ磬Ӷﵽߵľ硣
⻹̫ɽΪĵطɽԽߣҲԽ࣬ķ壬ҲסĵطܹŨ˷ָĵز
ڣҶеףΪʲôЩɶҪռ֮ˣͬʱҲĥţԼܲΪҶҲҵһķˮأ
̤쵤嶥֮ӭ濴ľȻһٰĶͬ԰һڡ
֮˵԰ȴֲǻ԰ԭΪƽĵ֮ϵȷֲ࣬ɫֲ
ֻЩֲ޵Ļ䣬Ҳɫĳݣиߴʮ׸ߵľֲ෱࣬廨ţټֲ֮ʱ·ɿԣ˿ΪıŤʱˣеۻңͷεĸо
Ҷüͷһ֮󣬻Ȼ׹طֲֵ͵ģҩģ


253 Ҳ
ʱҶԪҲͣ˽ŲǰƬ˸ֲĴأпǧĵٲ԰ȻôˣʦʦЩû¹򰡣
ҶԪҲԺĵͷ뵱꣬ٲ԰ֻʮĶشʦЩӵĹͬŬ£ڵģʦ˼Ϊ࣬ÿɽҩܴһЩµƷ֡
ҶԪתҶĪ͵ҩ԰ǵʦ⽨רֲҩõĸֲϵġ
ĺ׳ۣ
Ҷĵķ̾ҲҩʦȻϳеĲҩģһЩ˵ѾʧĻ߼ʧıΣϣ
϶ҩʦ˵ǼΪģкܶĲϣǮ򲻵˵Լֲˡ
ɴ˿ɼλӵȷǸհԶڼʮǰͽרŵҩ԰ҴЩֲĳ٣Ȼû¹
ֻҶȻе벻ͨȻ˵ҩĵ϶࣬Ҳýҩ԰ĵطֲ£߰㣬ҾȻסͨڵڣ·ҩ԰֮С
Ҫǰ쵤ͱҪҩ԰֮дȥȻշеĻȻۡ
ȻҶԪֿڵʦ֣ٲ԰֮ǲǻҲۣ
ҶԪʹЦʦҪ֪ĻԼһ԰
ԻҶһͷˮȫ˵ʲô
ʲôҲۣһʫ
ҶԪƺҪӣҲҶͣ΢΢һЦ̧ҩ԰֮С
ҶжȻ⣬Ϊүү뵽ٲ԰֮УΧ̷һ΢
Īû˿ĸоǺǺҶ̲ˡ
ĳ֣ðٲ԰ڵ龰Ǳһ㱡һʲҲ
֮⣬еүүȻ԰еĵ·ߣǺ󣬺ңʱʱĻԭر£ȥһͯڲú·һ
ҶԾȴǣԼʶ뵽ٲ԰֮ȴϸ鿴ʱʶȴֱӱһɴ˳ȥ
ֶԼĶ䣬Լҩ԰Ȼûܵ谭ȴκ
ϲڳ׵İ
ٰĵطҲȷкܶ޴ڵģ
򵥵ľԼڲѪҺؽڻȵȡ
Ҷȫ׵׷ʲô飬ٲ԰һڵһȻԼ۾õȴҲо
һԼġʦ˵Ƿ
νʶʶȫֲͬĸҲ֪ûдͨѨеĻӦᣡ
ԼڵʶʲôҲ˵Լûᵽʶȥ
ġҲܼ򵥣ǴͨѨ
ѨĴͨҶѾһµʱ䣬ҲȻڽţֻѨȷҪѨλѴͨĶ࣬ټѨܹ̼Ӻ٣΢Ӵ㶼ܹҶֹʼȥͨҲһֱûгɹ
ǰǶʶİٲ԰ҶĿʼĴ߶ӿԼϲҲѨڵλá
ļӴѨϴʹ飬Ҷ۾֮һ㱡
֮УҶȴԼĿһЩŹֵķţ˰ٲ԰λ֮ϡ
ʱȻҶԪ𣺡ˣʦ֣Ҳۿ϶ʦӴѶˣǰ·߲ȥʦ־ң
ҶոտЩҲ֮ʧǰٴγʵİٲ԰үүվھԼԶĵطվŲ
ڴͨôѨλ֮ҶѾЩ飬֪ղſЩģٸԼһЩʱ䣬ԼӦܹͨѨˡ
ͻȻҶҶᣬҶȻᲪȻŭ˵˼ȻҶԪǸŭԣֻźֹ˴ͨѨΪ
ֻ벻ףүүԼңô߲ȥˣҪʦȥ
ҶԪͬЦ˽ȥҶֻߵ·ߺͷʽҶԪҪӵĹ죬ȴǺܿҶԪߣץֱۣͬķʽȥ
˵Ӱڰٲ԰ԽԽԶȻȫʧˣ
أ
Ҷɻĵ
Ī翴һۣȻҶ۾ȻеףĵʵҶܣôˣ
û£ղɳӣүүôˣˣ㣬ûоҩ԰йŹְ
Īе㲻ҶĽͣҲû׷ʣһµҲ£ҩ԰֮ӦһֽҲ۵󷨣


254 ԭǳ
󷨣ҶǼİϤ
īżңѩһѺйصоᵽ󷨣ֻ˵󷨣ҲֻǼ򵥵Ľܣûϸ˵Ҷ֪󷨣ȴһϲͨ
پǵүүȵʱҲΪүүµӰľ󣬲ŵѡ
ʱүүҪҴҲûȥúøһ󷨵İء
ҲǺ飬ֻеﳾſܽӴ󷨡
Ȼû뵽ڣүүʦס쵤ϵһҩ԰УȻһ󷨡
ҶΪĪ磬ڼʶ棬Ҫ߳Ҷ̫ࡣ
ΪӡûʶԹÿģǲ󷨵ģǵҲۡʱ̾׹󷨵֣ҶԪҩ԰֮е߷ʽ·Ҳ֤ʵĲ²⡣
Ϊ˹˼ҶģԼԿ϶֮£Ȼ˵Լ²ҩ԰֮Ӧһ󷨡
ɴ˿ɼĪȷޱȣЩС¶ǵļΪܵ
Ҷȴѹûע⵽Щ󷨶ʱ̾ͻȻˡ
ѹʶҩ԰֮жʧȥã
˽⵽ģ󷨣ʵ൱һڵ磡
Ȼ仰˼ġ
Ҳ²ĿʼרעĴǰİٲ԰
һ֧ʱ֮ҶԪӰٴγ˰ٲ԰УȻߵȻܹ죬ҶƾŹĿȴǿˣүүߵķʽ·ߣͬղҶԪߵȫһҲǽ󷨵ȷ
ͣͣߣҶԪȻ˳߳˰ٲ԰վҶĪǰ
ͬһߵСһҶԪȻ˷ܵĴ˫ֵ磬ǿҩ԰֮󷨣Ҳۣٲ԰УЩֲֲȻޱȣ·ʵ϶Ϊ˲󷨶Ϊ֮ģÿһֲλöн˿
Ҷеɻȫ⿪ˣ̾ĵͷүүû뵽ʦȻһλ󷨴ʦ
ҶԪЦҡҡͷ˵ˣʦΪҩʦѾܿɹﻹʱȥ󷨣ó󷨵˾ǸղŴѡ֮иڶزԵĻʦ壬ģң˵󷨴ʦʦ棬ڵ󷨣ǳ֡
ɣ󷨴ʦ
ҶȻǵûɣסغ쳾Ĵ෽ʽѾӡԺֱ֪Լģֻû뵽Ȼ֮ͨ
󷨾Ϊ˷ֹȡЩҩģˣȲ˵ЩˣҴǽ쵤壬ǸҵĽŲǧҪ̤
ҶźǣĪһ𣬸ҶԪ߽˰ٲ԰
뵽˰ٲ԰Ҳ֮УҶķ֣ԼʶþȻֻˡ
Ҳˣʶ쵽һľ֮󣬾޷ǰֺ󷨵ϿգǱһ޴εӸסһ
⵹ڡڵ硱˸ʶ
ƽ߳˰ٲ԰ǰһ޽Ĺ󷽵ĽȻ쵤Ǿסеĵط
ΪҩҶԪִⲻȥţҶԪʾͰʱס£ȵҩ֮˵
ϵʱ쵤ûо˵£˵ǰԴȥμ硣
ҶԪٰƴǣΪԼݻǲҪȥĺãҶĪʵ޷ֻܾ쵤뿪ˡ
ӣ쵤һӣ̳һ޴ķ
Ҷˣ磬ɣ
쵤Ϊĸ֣ѾշУҶĪ綼УóԼĳҶĪ
ַзʽУԼĳΪͨߡ
ĪӶµʱ򣬾ͱ͸ĸڿзУ쵤˵˼ҶɾͲˡ
ĪСΪˣ֮ȴֱ㶵Ķ쵤ˣѿʵɣ
쵤˷ʺͿˣͷҵȻˣ
ҶȻҲүүŷйǴûУҪǣĿУʼΪǺ󣬻ڵˣǳĸ֣
ȻĻҲͺֵƣ˵ˣΪΪԷԼͬΪô˾ͬ⣬λݶһģ
˿̵õ쵤˵ĻشʶԼ˶Ĵ˶ЦһֱСЩǣеεͷԭ㣬ǳ
쵤ٴһ֮󣬺ȻЦһԵĪҲ̲סͣתȥ͵͵Ц
ȻҶЩԭˣ
ĲܹҶϾû˸߹ڵ˶ǱȳҪĳ֣


255 
ڵһγе˵Իеʺ˷ܣҶȻҲ⣬վ쵤˵Ǳ֮ϣŽ·ɿӹһ󣬸ӭ΢磬ָо˵ĳ죡
Ȼ̼¶ģһҪԼͨӿȪѨѧϰС
ʳ̶Ȼٶȣбֻ·ɶǿ̫ࡣ
ʵҶ֪޷ԼջУҲͨʵĿġ
ϵܹɽǣȻƳ˸ָԷеĽͨߡ
Щͨ߶ǼֵƣҪʹɹķɵУҪ龧ʯһ˼ҿʹõġ
ȻЩͨҲͳݺ͵λһټҲȷʣܹеĳ֣ûʲôµ£Ҳѡͨߡ
˷ܵҶĪûʲôرĸоڣйʮ֣κŴֹҶڣ϶Ҳʹùǰ
Ҫ˵оҲûУܺҶһڿзУҲһֱᣬȻû쵤һǾ͸ˡ
գ֮䣬Ѿ֮һ޴ĴӦƽڵӳԷĵطڣ֮ȴֻмˣԵʮֵĿտ
ֺ˺ѽʵĳϣҶǲϰߣȻĽҪˣǻٿ˵ȻҲٲеΣȻͳĸǳֵܣƽƽ
ȻˣҲѾΪڵĵλˣ׼ȥˣͽʹģԼгһտ϶ҲܳΪĸֻ֣ǰϰһ¡
֮󣬱ҶȥҺǵģ뵽类үүʱϵѨͨѨḶ́ȴʱı⡣
ںʱҲ뿪ҶԱչΪڣڸϡ
Ī磬Ҷһ쵤ģȴʾȲҪȥΪҪ˵֮£ĪֻʱҶֿź뿪ˡ
Ҷе˼ѨϣȻҲûͬʱܾ쵤˵ͣԼлص쵤塣
Ӹߴܹٲ԰ĺ󷽣һŽжŵƣվ쵤ϣٲ԰ȴڱеߣټϽûһƬڣֲָ
Ҷ˵ĻҪģɲע⵽Լ
ڰٲ԰ǰ£ͬʱʾϵĺǵ֣Ҫһ£鷳һ
ǵ˵СԴһԾ棬ҡҡλεԶȥ
źǵıӰҶЦҡҡͷû뵽㻹ȾƣҲ̫ˣ֪Ӧ;үүһ𣬸ѧѧȾƣ
ԭ֮ϣǺʳ͵͵ҶҪ˼ھƺȣû뵽һȾͺˣȣ񫣬ֱźȣںȶˣ·ˣ
ҲҶ˸ĵطſҶ
ҶһٴӿѨ֮ϣʼδɵĹ

̫ɽµһͷ֮УĦԼ°ͣǰĪѾͷҸղźȻ뵽ٹºٵ˰ɣҾǸûᰡ
ĪȻ֪˵ĺûָʲô˼ֱ˵ͷ󲮲Ҳ֪
ЦСѾͷҶ֮⣬Ҳûˣʲô֪ǰ㻹ʲô˼ģ˵˵ôģ
漰ҶĪԸˬ󷽣е񣬵һ漰Ҷȫû⡣
㣬Īɽһˡ
˰죬ĪǱԼ˼
ʵˣ¾Ǹ׵ٵҶܹٵ֮ΪףٵĻôһøʶĺûᡣ
㲻ܣҲøۼһĪţҶʵΪˣ϶ܹӮø׵͡
ֻʵڲ֪Ҷڣֱܲ˵ҶܵܣҵҪˣףٰɣ
Լظģ°󲮲ˣ㲻ÿڣڣҶܵøҵӰɣ
Ҿлл󲮲ˣ
˰֣˫ۿ죬˵ѾͷãȺڵΪʲôҲڣҿǵӣƺǵĿһҶڣǺҶʲôϵأ
ĪҼΣʼճƺҶΪû뵽ǴȺڵˣҲȺںҶ֮ʲôϵ
̾˿ҪҶǴȺڵͺˣôԲκεķˣϧǰֻ𵽷ãѾͷȥϢɣٰ뿴ûʲôõİ취
Ī˵ͷתˣһĺѾȻ޴ˣΪҶʲôãΨһõĵطûкõļսģǡǡ㣡


256 
Ҷ۾ǿűӺ˫֮ʹģĶǰ󷨵İٲ԰
ѨѾӵ˼ޣʵ״̬֮£¼ЩŹֵķš
ʼʱֻмӵʱ䳤ųֵҲԽԽ࣬ǰİٲ԰ѾȫıָŹֵķ档
ķţɫͬҹ֮ϸ߹ҵķɵǺһԣһڲϵƶš
ȻҶЩһʶȴܸоĳЩ̺֮һֵǿ֮ǵԼں֮иܵǿֲĺˮ֮ڳʩչʱܵĲã֮´Ĵ֮
ΪܵҶĿ޷ƿһ֪ʵѧһϣܹ֮иĳЩ
Ҷо󷨵Ļôͻ֪Щһ֣
ν󷨣ǽȻ֮֮ʵĳĿĵĲã󷨳εʱ򣬾ͻ
󷨣Ȼ˵ʵʴڵģҲͬһһ¸ǲġ
ҶˣҽĿЩȻΪ̫࣬¿ȥ;£ʵǵƶȴŹɿѭ
ڣҶŬԼĿƶƶš
Щƶ·ߺͷʽʮֹ죬ңϺ£ԭתģټϷŵʵ̫࣬вٵ״ʮֽӽҶԵĻὫǻ
׼һţ۹ƶǲ֪ʲôʱʲôطͻͬķų֣ŵǸŸΧԭתȦһҶҲҲˣ
ʮΣҲʧʮΣһۿžҪɹˣͷȴ۾һ»ص㡣
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˫Ѿ׵ĸһἸҪһСϪ
ˣҲѡʱϢһ۾ټʼҶľ󾢷ˣƵȻɴԼ۾½۾ϹҲҪҵЩƶĹ켣
֪˶ãҲֳ֪˶ٴΣȻ֮䣬ҶЩԼ˵ûκĹŹֵķ֮ϣͻȻһߣ
ţɫߣЩһģȻȫҶ۾ȥ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷоֻǵ⣡
Щĳ֣еķһҲֹͣƶһɴĹâɵĵ·Щ֮ĳ˳
һ֮·
ͬʱҲЩƶĹ켣
ҶͻȻһ֣켣үүԼٲ԰ߵ·ߣҲͨ󷨵ȷ·
֮дǻҲģΪľǿ֮˵޷ͨʶҵȷĵ·
ǲʲô󷨣Ȼͨƽİ취ͨİ취ȷĵ·ƽİ취ҵеĹؼҲ۲ƻ
ȻҶͨԼ˫ۣȻûҵ۵ڣȴ֮еĹ켣Ӷͨ󷨵ȷ·Щ󷨴ʦ֪Ǿ°ͣ
ǲ󷨵ˣҲԼ˫ۿ·
Ҷȴˣ
ϲͳɾ͸УҲıѾ˼޵۾
۾ȻϣǳʱţҶǰȻܹһԼĹ
ͻȻȻɲ֮ȫҶǰ磬ͬʱ䡱һԺ֮д˳
ǰһƬ׵ĺڰѨڱͨ
ҶȻ۾ǱŵǰȴĿǰƽû˿ĺɫ̧ͷ췱ǣǿԼĺ֮ҲĴ䡣
ͶѨ֮ͨʱġȫͬʱĿʵǸڶ֮УȻʱĿȴñŵ۾ġ
ҶֿϤ峺ȪۺȶţȻһâһȫ
âͬյһůȴۣΪƽһϢ
磬۾Ҳ֮⣻գӣϲ㣬ͨѨ
Ҷȴŵħʱ𣬶̲סҲ̧ͷϿգķ
ȻһȴҶסˣƽƲסķ΢΢Ĳƽĺü
ΪһΣǱŵǰůĹ֮оȻһģӰ


257 ڰеĲɫ
һߴӰȻҶŬҲ޷Ӱòȴܸоһбµİ
죡
һħ죡
Ҷʶ̷ӰĽ£Դŵ棬ĬţͽҶݼʦ
ƺҲоҶԼ𾴣ķ˺Ц
㿴ңǶһССĽͣ
ˣԹѨĴͨζŴӽԺ㽫ĸĸףǰĶܹıʣ
ֻǿʼΪ֮ԶԶҪӵĿ̿࣬ŬУʵһĿ꣡
Щ֮⣬ҲٴεҶһйʶĸΪ첢֪Ѫ˴ͨѨλ˳ԴÿһʶйصѨλ֮УƵĽܡ
ͨһ㣬̬ܿȵı仯ʼĮڵĹУ˵ҲĵȷȷĽԼĹ뵽Լ֮С
Ȼ֪ʲôطǷ·ܹܵҶı仯֮·߹ÿһҲϵ׻׻ָܵĵ·
ʧ֮ҶȻĹڵϣ֪˿ԼΪΨһܹԼΪͽܵ𾴺͸мķʽ
֪ȥ˶ãҶڻ۾Լصʵ磡
ȻҹΧޱߵĺڰҶǵУؼһȴôôȰʱ򣬿Ҫӵ͸
ɫݣɫأɫʯɫʻ
һɫ磬ںڰ֮УԱķʽӳҶС
ȻҶоԼĵ֮һ΢𶯣æͷ˹ȥ
Դϴ֮н뵽˲״̬۳֮Ҷĳٴη仯ΪһɫļʵĴء
˿̣ٴη˱仯𽥵ı͸ֱһŹ⡣
һɫĹ⣡
ɫĹȻڲϵȣâֱϣҶڵķΣģͷ
ͷǣȻֻǸһ㱡ͷƤͷȴ֮Ϊ̵ڣѾɹĳĹâʱҲͷǸε赲ס޷ͻƣ
һ̣Ҷ飬Ȼ뵽ܹùâͷǣͷ֮ϵĻôӦþǴԼΪľһﵽأ
뵽Ҷٴα۾ʼ߶ڵֱӿ뵤ӿͷҪԼԼĳͻһؿ
ͬʱһɫӰȻͬһϢĳҶ
ԭΪҶĺǣȻ˫Ŀգз΢Ȼ˾Ƶ޷ֿӿľƾ˯֮УӶҲûзͻȻֵӰ
ӰȻҶͺֵϣȴûмжվԭأעŴ˿ͷ֮ϣֳһ˿ɫâҶһƺ뵽˳˼֮С

ϣ켫֮ʱȻһεʧȥƽ̬޷Լ붨
ΪԺвϻصҶǶα֮£
غ쳾ȻǱڵĳλǰõ˺ˣмȴǼʧԭܼ򵥣ûгֹӵǿľʶˣ
սҲÿ˶ģ˱ҪǺ֮󣬻ԵԣҲͬǺҪ
˵ĳ֣ױսҲӵˣ
λȫ߱볾֮󣬾Ϳʼоսڳ֮ʱĽ¶ȫա
˵ǣ˻ɣһͬʺغ쳾ߣֱӽΪ״ӣϣܹ̳ǿս
ϧǣ˼ԺԽ壬ֻǿˣȻҲ£֪ΣҲΪؼΣⱲ¶޷ˣ
֮ͬϣҲ޷õ˵洫˵󷨴ʦôɶֻСҡ
֮һ󷨿ǧ仯ûһԺ;һա
˵һ󷨰󷨵ˣֻƶһССʯӣ󷨷޴ı仯ӶΪһ󷨣񻪳ֻӲס
ڳĸ˵ҵһʵĴˣӶܹԼһѧʧ˵ǳ˼̽׷ߵľ֮Ҫˣ
ˣ˷ҶۼʶҶ֮һ뷨
ǽҶΪͽܣû뵽ҶѾʦȻٸİΪʦȻеź֮ﻹһԼԸȥ룬ԸȥϵͷǾ֪ҶԴ֮£ҶĻǳϣҶܹеĹؼԼ
ֵֻݣһȥϵĳЩ⣬ʵеȥ
תϰȦ֮ںݺݵһţҶԼ֮·ƨ
ǣҹɫȻ쵤ȥ
ͬʱ쵤ϴһ΢ʲôһڼžҹԵø


258 
쵤ϵǸӰͻȻ֮ɴ۾ͬʱĵĵһ˴ʱ˿̣Ҷͷ֮͸һɫĹâȴҫۡ
ŹâӰüëҲ֮šһȻܹףŹâĳ֣ҶΪոͻƵ˳صľ磬鶥ֻȴ벻˭ĳȻһŹ⣡
ʱҶȴͻȻĶ𣺡ѣôĵӣҹȻô쵤壬ѵ㲻֪ڵĽ𣿡
ӰȻ̧ͷ˲֪ʱȻѾվԼҶòٴε˿
ᣬȻصľ磬绹ûˣ
ҶҲڴ˫ް߰ףƲߣͬʱаңǸղŶԷԼԼ»ûзֶԷĵҪǳûԼֵĻԼ׶༪ˡ
ɴ˿ɼԷΪҲǴﵽ˳
ȻҶҲûǣĵһۣոձԼѣӵ˫Ȼĺǣ
û뵽ǻʵĺ޵ȻΪƶʧȥӦеľ
ӣԺҪԸǵĻúֻ֣Ҫ㹻ƣܽ
ȻҶ̲ס࿴˺ۣΪ֣Ǹǰȣ˵ԼڱչشͨѨ֮ǰȣ̬Ȼ˱仯
Ѿ»һͷɫСȫµĺëȫ˺ڵķĺëڣĲһȦëȻָ˺ɫȥΧһΧһƽ˼ֿɰ
ǴʱҲǰ֪ʱֵߣʶԼʧְѿ֮ͣзͳĺڶԶԷʾȻе߳ŭĸо
Ҷʣһ˿Ц⣬뿪ڻش𣬲ȴֱݣ˭ʲôϵ
ҶһЦѣҪ㣬ôɣ㲻˵Ļֻܽ£쵤˷ˡ
Ȼ쵤쵤˾ס֮أôˣҶȻýá
쵤ˡĸֵʱв¶һ˿𾪣ȻһЦĿǾһ£׼ô°ɣ
Ҷ֣תһԼİٲ԰볾֮սƿɶǺܾ˵ģҩռ֮ףԼҪ򶷣һٵҩ԰ǿɾ̫ϧˣһָɽŵǻطɣ
Ϊʲôҿͦʰ̯ƵѲط˰֣
ģԸ㣬һӣֻǲٵҩ԰ϻ˵Ҳ
Ҷڻµʱ˫ӿߡ
ǱѣʵҶһв߱ɱԣֻҪ뿪ȥɽ´
΢΢һЦɴͽˣһɽ·ɽ±ȥҶĽȻҲҵҶ·ȥ
ߵٶȷǳ죬ټϴ˿ҹֲָһͱ֮е㵣Ҷ᲻ûиǻͷһۡ
һʱһҶȻ͸󣬾ԶĵطЦӣƺûжȫ
˵ҶˣҶֻСڹҲͬһյӣ
ⲻܰǸոսΪصĸ֣سѾʮʱ䣬ô׷ң
룬ȴǽԼٶռ˼ޣƺǳϤ̫ɽĻ֮һɽ֮Уͣ˽Ų
ûüתѾҶߣط
ʶıٶȣԼĶ֣Ҳ˵Ȼһںڰ֮оȻķһźɫĻ棡
泾
ҶЦˣҦɽ֮ԼٴμһλΪߣֻǲ֪Էʲô͵Ļ泾ԼΣ
ҶֵʱһֱĺǺȻһƺСС߸Ծ𣬻һĹâȻҶǰ棬߷˽
ںǵľٶҶ΢΢һ㶣׹ӦҪԼҲĴûлúüʶһºǵÿԳô˻һ
ҶϾҸ˵طͬʱźǺ֣ɱҪץģ
ǺһӦҶҪڿУſͣһƴСţߣ


259 ǵĹ
߶ҶûжģֻŻ΢ѵһҶҪ˵Ŀû뵽ٶҶҪԼھȻԼϣһ۵Сڹе㶯˸λˣ
ȻСڹ³ʱ֮ϲһ˿亹
СڹȻޣ
ڳĸֶԣǶ޼ΪϤȻĻƾ޷ֱ޻޵ģֻҪԷһ֣Ǿжϣ
ޣƷ׵һƷҲԺͳظ࿹ʵǰͷСڹǶƷĻ֪ԼĻᱻܣ
뵽߼æԼ֮ģҲ֣ǽԼȫ֮ϡ
ʱðĻ֮Ϩ˫ֻ֮ڿ۳һԲεĶƣӭ˺š
Ȼһ죬ײ˶ƣͬʱʧ޴ײȴ߽²ȣ˳վ
ɴ˿ɼǵʵȷǱҪ߳һ
֮Ѿ䵽˵棬ΪײɢʱСצȻ̧Ȼص˵ϣ
Ϳ֮ͻȻȫ۶ɵļУߴףৡһٴγߣ
Ես
ܹҲʹѾ˵λǿǻļ䣬սҲʲôֵ顣
ڿһĻ֮ȴȫʪ͸ˣԭСڹޣһǱޣ
ôֻһƷԼҲĶˣ
˼֮䣬ϵѾߵǰֻһҧ˫֮϶ȻðŻ棬ż˹ȥ
žžž죬бɹ߶ϣ»ڴأ
ȻЩɢڵصȴûʵʵĴڵϣͻȻٵľۼһ˲Ϣ֮侹ȻһͷɫľǣſͣȻߵ˫ҧȥ
̧ͬȼŻ˫֣ȻźɫǵԴȥ
Լȫһƣ϶ܹͷǸٴĳƬ
ʵҲˣ˫ƺݺݵԴ֮ʱǵԴʱ࣬˫Ҳͬоһɾ޴ķ֮ʹӲˡ
ûеüȥԼƵ۽֮ͻȻƳһӰĳԼߣͬʱһɴŨζˣ
ڻָ˱ĿҽżкǷɢߵעͳᣬߵߣſ죬ݺݵҧߵļ
Σͷ߿Ȼһ
ĵ֮һССĺ˲һȼյĻ棬嶼ȫΪһˣ
Ǻҧסߵļ
һҺͬʱҲһĺУӿе˳ȥ֮Ѿͬһȼܻ棬һǣ
ǣ
ʼһԹۿҶжȻ⣬ƶѾ˳ȥ˲϶ԸߣԼٶȽס˴ӿµĺǣ
ԭҶΪǶԸߣ򲻹ҲԲڻܣȻû뵽ھȻ壡
ȻǵϰŻ棬̶ֳȵĻ棬Ҷ˵𲻵κε˺
ҶԼȥȥϨϻʱ򣬺Ȼдһȣ
ͬʱҶǰһѾ˵Ӱ
Ϊʲôʱ֣ҶһȤûУĵ˵Ǿ仰
Ϊʲô
ϨϵĻ棬ôǾͻᱻ
˵¶ЦݣָźǵŪ˻棬ôͻһδõܹĻᣡ
Ҷʱסû׷仰ľ˼ʱԱߵλȴϨԼϵĻ棬סԼϵ˿ڣ¶֮ɫͨһ˵ǰӼʦ壡
仰Ҷ岻΢΢һ¶һ˿Ц׼ȵû֮󣬾ԳֺúýѵԷһǱ𣬲û뵽ȻڵˣԼ
ߵİݼ˵ͷɫĵưɣһ˵
˵֮˼Ҷ͵û´ĻӦǵԵıޣԵˣټҲҪͻƾˣЩ𣬶ǵлܰʵͻƣ
Ҷ뵽˸ղżĺǻΪɫС֮󣬶ȦɫΧӦþҪͻƾı־
ȻҶҲ˵ĻǿԼĻУ֮£˫Ŀգϳʹ֮ɫڲ鴤ŵĺǣҶȴ߸ߵľ


260 ƵĻ
ýڵϣΪԣӴ滹ܹ֮ͻƾкô
ҶԼѾû⣬ֻ˵ĻСĽƽŵ˵ϡ
ȻҶĶѾ㹻ˣǺǵڽӴʱȻ̲סҵĲһ£˵ܹоõʹġ
Ǹȡһҩ裬飬һڷһǷԼ˿֮ϣò˵һڵȻˣȻǽ㽫ļᴩˣȫҧеĻԼ첲¾Ҫˡ
һ֮ȻкܶҪѯʣҲ֪ھԲʱͺˣҶһ𣬽ĿͶ˺ǵϡ
ȻҶ۾һΪȼŵĻԻٶ
ԭҶĵľǺǻᱻˣڼȻѾڼôǵİȫûˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣȴüͷãͻƣҪǻϨĻɾΣˣ
ʲôҶȻ̧ͷĿˡ
ԭڻϨеˣ˻˼ǵǺ£ǻˣ
ϸĽ͵Ӧǵ޾֮ĵһͻƣѳ̶Ⱦ൱۳һҪΪӴ֧ţԣԼƽյ֮⣬õԻ߻ԵԽԽãҪϨ𣬾ʹŻԵ㣬޷ͻƵһ
ҶʱƷ޵УʱҶ֣֪ھ֮ٸĻСʱ˵ɭűޣһʱ䣬ҶʼΪҲǶƷıޡ
Ȼȴ˵޾ĵһͻƣⲻҶеɻ󣬲ڿɲ̽Щʱ
ڸô죿
֣ûлشҶ⣬ǿǸߵĻѾﵽƷ˵Ӧ԰ǿԣӶɾͻƣʲôסĻ棬ʲôأ
ҶȻˣ
һ֮˽ϵİ
ǣ
˶ʱ¶ЦǾѹˣˮԵȪģԿˮԣˮֿƻԣѹƷûأ
ҶҲǿЦѣ˵ʲôʱ̰ƲãƫƫҪڼͻƾ֮ǰȵĻˮԵȪľƣ
֣취ɣ
˵ҶΪ˵ò˿һԵ˵ĳƺȴȻɴ۾
֪˵ݣҶȻֵܹƣҶʲô
˳һֻ취һһ취һѻ𣬲ƷµĿ϶ûãҪ߹Ʒɣھ֪ͨʦ쵤ˣĻѾﵽ˵ؼӦЧ
˵֮˸봫ȻҶȴͻȻסţ֣ȷڶã
ĵ˵ʵҲǺȷҲֵİա
ɵӶܿĳҶ͵֮Ĺϵޱ˿ɲҴƱһΪԼķʲôĻҶƵԼƴ
ҶüͷšһȻڳ˼˴ߴٵҶ֣ÿһϵʱԽ˵ΣվԽ󣡡
ãҶһҧǾԿڶְ취ˣҾбƷߵĻ棡
Ҷôһ˵˵ˣҶҲҩʦûл泾ǿ϶ܹΪ𣬲е⣬ǾΪʲôҶʩչĻ棬ȻܹƷҪߣ
ͬҪģҪʱ䣬ľҪ٣ʵ벻ͨҶССѾ۳˳ﻹʱȥأ
Ҷȷûʱȴ棬ӵеĻ鼶ѾͨʮѨλҲԶ˶Ʒ
Ϊ˷ֹ⣬˻Ǵ쵤ˣ쵤ڵõϢ֮󣬼̾˹
Ҷ˲ð˻棬Ȼ˶ڻ˽ⲻǺܶ࣬Ϊĸ֣ȴһ۾ͿϺɫĻ棬Ա쵤˺ͷŵĻƷ׻Ҫߣ
Աߵͬ𾪣˶һ֮˭Ҳû˵ҶҲ¶ȵͣźǵϷȥ
ʱҶͻȻоڵѪ֮Ȼһɾҵ𶯣һȻʶҪѪ֮гˣ


261 Ŧ
ԴӴͨӿȪѨų˶ħ֮ѪѾ˺ܳһʱ䣬ŽҶͨѨټǰͨѨ
˿ѨѪȻҪͷٴνѪ֮ͨˣ
ʱҪѪеٳ֣Ӱ쵽ԺǵľΣҲʵûа취˵Ƚֻͣһ൱鷳顣
Ϊ˱ĳ֣ҶԺ֮жȻǿԸͬʱڵɫâȻֱԺǿŴѪСѪθ
ӵѪڣڣܹͨ򿪹ĴΣ⻹ҶһĽֹͨοǣԼֹЧ
ɫâ֮£ѪȻֹͣ𶯣ͬʱͷųѪҲǸո۾ɢ˿
³һҶĵ˺ǵ壡
Ϊֻ͵¶ȣںȻûκ˺Ҷʼ߻¶ȣúиӦḶ́
Ҷעȫļںǵϣڶûע⵽ͻȻֵ쵤ˡ
쵤˿ǰ龰ҶðϺɫĻʱĿѿڶ𣡡
˼æʳָŵߵ꣡
쵤ҲʶԼçײæôķʽʵʦܣ⵽ô£
һָѾڵصߵıͽܰɣ
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Ӽ򵥵Ľľ쵤˵һ飬֮ҡҡͷСӾȻӵΪ̫ˣѹСС;ܳΪҩʦأ
ͣʦСӵĳʵ𣬶һɫĹâϾԼĿɳ鶥̣ǻߣǱͣڲҶʵ֮ǰԼǲҪ۰ɣ
˭Ҳû˵ôŵĿעҶ͵
ڣҶĲ׽˺ܳܵĻ¶ȼ޵Ǹ㣬Ǽæ¶ȹ̶סˣͬʱʼӿ˻֮У
ղҶ˵ǣʼƣڼȻѾ֪˺ǵĳܼޣȻӴ
ɲ֮䣬Ѿ˶ȫΧҶҲԴԴϵı롣
עźǣȻ۾ǽŵģҶȴָооеķʽڿԼ
ĪĸоͬһŦһ㣬Ҷͺ֮ϵһ
˵ǰֻѣôڿʼѾѪֵܣ
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Ҷԥһ£ջ𣬶ڻһɲǣµĵҲȻ˿Χʼϵγһɫ磡
󣬵ڳȴܹĸо̲ǿҶ֪ǵԼ۳ʱеĴ֮
ںǵΧţһǺɫĳһ㣬ٵźǵӶȥܿ콫û粢ûֹͣȻڼһһĲϵĸסǣ
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ͷ˴Ҳ¶˿ҪҶߺ֪Ļ˾ԻԼƴģ
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֮£ҶﷴһƬƽ϶û˵֮ɫΪĸо˿̵ĺȻΪʹ࣬ȴûκεΣա
Źȥ˽һ֧ʱ䣬ǲɢ˿൰֮Ҳڴһı
꣡
൰Ϸһѷ죬Լٶ൰Ӷȥֱܲ൰
䣡
൰Ȼը˿ʱ渲ŵĲٴη˳ȥȴҷɣϿշȥγһ磡
м䣬Ŀע֮£һͷɫĵݵĳ룡


262 ׵ĺ
һǿϢӺǵɢ˳
ΧĿҲƺΪΧǹԭڲת磬ϢĴͻȻֹͣתͻأľֹ˿У
ҶʵҲоһɾ޴ѹȸ˵ˣԿ϶ԼͺһսĻѹȸоԼֵûˣ
ֻ쵤ûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǿźǵУҲ͸¶һ˿ĸп
޵ʵȻǿޱȣȻǴһƷ׵ƷԺͳؾһϸߵˣ
֮⣬ǵҲһЩ仯Ѿʮ־޴壬ִһȦͬҫ۵Ļɫëǰ΢ȴǰҪӵïܣ
Ȼ޴ͷ­췢һ˻
󣬵ڳȴԼͬüëΪǶܹӺǵĽ֮иܵһϺͰ
ߵźڰߵ˻
޻ڳĻǳ˻𣬾Ǹ׳Ƴݼǵ
ҶĿźǣ˫֮ȴǺ¶ο͸֮ɫǿҶĿ⣬Ҳͬû˲ԣеֻǸмΣ
ȻҲܸоĵҶ֮䣬Ӵ֮һصŦǽϵһ
ڣǴӾֹ֮˳뿪Щֹʱʧȥĳһžķ׷׵䵽˵ϣ
ҶߣȻͬǰһǵԼԴĲ˲Ҷ
ͻȻ֮䣬ǵٴλָͬĿ⣬ٴο˵ӣ
Ȼ˵ԼѾĻҲ֮жԼһЩǺǲûҶԼ׽һ
ܵǵĿ⣬̲ס˸æͷȥٺͺǶӡ
Ȼû£ҶҲ֪˶ԷڵˣȻúȥԸˡ
æĺǵԴ֣¹ȥˣˣǵĵˡ
ʱҲЦŵҶ֣ĵˣҸźܴĹϵأ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣¶ɻ֮ɫ֣˭ʲôϵ
ҲеãȻʦ仰˼
֮Ҷڻûв³ӵݣҪΪҶԪ˵ڱչҩҲүүȥ쵤ĵˣҲȷʵرţ޷ڰٲ԰ߺ͵ϵһȥ
쵤ҲЦеĵҶ֣ҵͽܣеӣ
˵֮쵤˺˶ЦעҶķӦҶһ֮¶֮ɫͬʱȴһԥĳŵӡͨһȥĵҶݼǰ
Ҷһݣͬʱסع֮˺쵤˶һۣԼͬͷг˾壡
ȻҶӴʱ䲢Ϊĸ֣ʵ䶼ڼ꿪⣬ܿҶİ
ǼˣǼӵʦ쵤ˣҶֻǼ򵥵ĹΪȻ֪ӵ֮󣬾Ȼԥľ͹ȥֳҶΪˣ
ҶһݣҲȷǳĳ⣬ûаǿģ
Ϊүү˵ˣүүԭǹ¶գڱΪҩ֮ͯ󣬲űҶգҲΪʲôҶԪҲҶԭǶǹ¶Ǳ
ʹһϿӲүүĶʦүүĶˣټүүΪչˣû˵Լˣ¾үүһܹҶң˵ӲүүĶʦҶҵĴˡ
ִҶ޷ģ
ѾסˣղʦʦҶ̸֮У֪Ҷıֿ϶ҪԼߣڣҶȴǶԼ£ҳƺԼΪǰʵǺͿˡ
˺Ȼ쵤ʹ˸ɫ߻ĵͷѾɲǼʧҹ֮С
عæһߣҶҡֵǰ϶ŪˣҺزʶҲǵһμ棬Ͻɣ
ҶȴǸǣĿ˾Ÿͷ֮ɹڵϵҶԪ
ҶԪ֣ٴסˣڿаڶ˫Ҳ˿С
ȫǱſֵ̬վһԣǺ͵ӲһͿȻĳЩҪ߳࣬޷ִ֮۸ӵıֺͳƺ
ȻӰһո뿪쵤Ѿ»ֻҶԪһ𣬶ҶԪǰ龰ǵʱڷỨͬҶһصĹȥʦԪˣ


263 ʦ
ӻȻתŵصöͷײŵҶԪ¶οЦݣ˫һһķֱסҶҶԪֱۣĵͺãͺã
ҶԪվԭأžҵţڴŬƽϢĵļҶվȴеΣ֪Լүү͵ӼǸĿĵ˿ڡ
˺쵤ٴζһۺ쵤˵ʦܣǻ뿪ɣ
ʦ˵ʦͽúþ۾۰ɣ
˻׹⣬뿪ֻ˵ȴһЩź
Ҷ̽һйءغ쳾飬û뵽쵤ȴûзҶӰѰ֮·ĻæÿҶźǵһĻ
ȻûʵĿģȴ֪Ϊʱ֣Ǿ˺ǵҶ֮жĺøдμס飡
ӿ˿ҶԪֿ˿Ҷ΢ЦĵԪӰ
˿ҶѾȫϢȥͨһе΢΢졣
ʱҶԪʱüƽʦѯҶæڵʦҶҵӣ⺢ӣСе츳Ѿǳĸˡ
ҶԪ֮гԺеʦױĽЦŵͷ֪֪⺢Ӻֹе츳ֱǡ
ҡҡͷҲ֪ʲôĴҶˣֻת˻⣬һ£ҶȻԪӣΪʲôҵʦ壬ʦֵƣ

ҶͷԼشе㲻ףĿүүҶԪͬеΣǿڵʦμӴѡ֮ʱͻʦˣʦ˶նΪͽģѾʦȣ˼ұöΪŵĵλˣ
ⷬһ˵꣬ӵ϶ʱ¶˹ŹֵɫҶҶԪҲ֪еԭ
ԼͽܵӣȻԼʦƽֹϵȷʵеҡ
ҶæǰǸģȻүүʦԺͳƺ̫ʦ桭
У̼Ĵϵ㲻ǱˣҲƽ۽οǱŵλˣ򲻿˹أҶϣܵһݣ
ӾȻľҪԼ£Ҷæ˫֣ӲֹɣҺүүôƺҾˣ
ԥһ֮󣬵ӽҶ飬͵Ļ̫ʸҶүүˡ
֮ĳƺ⣬Ҳ̾ϯضҪҶԪϽ˵˵뿪Щ֮ľ
ҲܿӶҶԪȷʵǷǳĵġ
ҶԪȻҵ㿪ʼһһʮĽҶʵʵһš
ȵҶԪ֮ɫѾĸпʦͽ˼֮󣬵ӵĻٴƵҶϵҶˣҸջص쵤ʱ򣬾Ϳ
һָ֪ʱѾֱСڹſڵϵĺǣŵûпĻĳӦһɫĹâΪʲôȴӵ鼶Ļأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦүүҵĳȷɫĹâɲҵĳ
ҶҲԼɱߵľ򵥵˵һ飬겻ѵĵⰡ⣬Ҷˣû۳ȻӵƷ׵Ļ棬עҪΪҩʦģ
ȻղҶѾչʾ𣬵ǲ˻쵤ˣû˵ҩʦ顣
ʱҶԪæŵʦǵѾҩʦˣϴһµʱ䣬ͳɹƳʮżȵӡ𵤣
Ȼվ
ܵĴ̼ѾˣеĴ̼һҲȲҶԪ仰ҪĶ࣬Լ۾ĶҶԪ㣬˵һ飡
ҶԪû˵ˣǴӻͳһССƿݵ˵ӵǰʦ뿴ǶƵӡ𵤣ҵĴӳһţڻʣſţ
Ϊӡ̫ҶԪʼš
Ӽƿ֣Сšƿһģ˰֮¶֮ɫ
ſӡȫģӿҶЩȫƵģ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ벻֪Լһνˣ
ڵõҶ϶Ĵ֮󣬵ӵ¶˷֮ɫ쿪۰Ҷˣ쵤оˣ


264 ҩ
ӴҶԪҶԼסһ·֮ϣҶ˼ŵӸղ˵Ǿ仰ʲô쵤оˣ
Ŀǰʵ˵ģ˵˵ĴڣȻ˵µһҲû˸ۻ룬쵤ڣ˭Ըأ
ȻӳصΪߣǹΪҩʦȴ˵ţסĵطҶԪסĵطκβͬΪ洦ɼ̯鼮ԵҪӵҺС
һҲܿӶϵĶûʲôҪӦǺͻһˣǳ֮ġ
үү֮Ҳ֤ʵˣӵȷˣԣҩ֮κ飬ԵүүҶԪʿе֪ҶԪĻڸʲôһҪһʱ֪ͨʱжԸˡ
˷ֱ֮ҶԪҶĿⶼе˵ӵϣȴһǸ⡣
ȻƵ̾˿ҶԪæеʵʦʲô£ΪʲôûбչҩԪʦȴҩأ
Ӱ˰֣ʾҶԪҲҪżͷƬ̧֮Ԫ뿪ŵʱеˣԹڱڵ㲢
Դ뿪֮󣬱ôʱ֪ܹ˼λҩʦ𣿡
ҶԪãȻҡҡͷȷǲ֪
ӿЦŰڰֵֵǳ˲٣ҩʦȴһûУҩʦҲڶʮǰ䣬ڳʦ˼֮⣬ֻʣΪʦһλҩʦˣ
ҶԪ˿ҶҲüͷ
ҶԪ뿪ڣҲʮʱˣʮУһټɣȻһλҩʦûгֹ֮оȻֻʣ쵤λҩʦ쵤ΪѾﵽӦһ˼չ϶ҩҲ˵ʵڵҩʦֻеһˣȷһֵǵ飡
ȻҩʦݼΪ磬ǵӢڶλҩʦĴڣųƵʮ֮һڣȻֻһλҩʦ
ҶĵԼҩʦȫҩʦ밡ڵʵڹ˼λҩʦɣ
ٴ̾˿Ҷէ֪ǵȻȥҩʦһ˵ǱţҪôҪۣҪôֱӾܾһƷҲȷʵԸҪƷƷҩʦÿ긶ǵķã㹻ϳĵҩˣ
ΪʲôֱӾܾ
ҶԪһԿڵΪŵĳҩ֮ϣ˵ŵҩˮƽͬȼ֮ģ
ȸ½ϳ˴Ⱥ⣬ǿľǵšħźͷŵʮˣÿɶиԵó֮еóеóҩеó󷨣еóս
ڵƷ׵ҩʦڿϣ΢ߵƷ׵ҩʦȻܹ룬˵ǲûʲǫ̂ͱҩ֮ԼгģʦûУҩʦڼɵʱҪǵľҩܸ֮ܲԼṩԼҩˮƽߣֱӵܷԼõһЩʧĵβŻῼɵʵ
Թҩ֮ͬ£ҩʦǸԸɡ
Ϊڣںܴĳ̶ζǸ޷ڵõκζԼҩϵİ
͵ĲԸҪߵĲԸö֮յֻʣµһλҩʦˣ
Ҷٴβʵүү飬˵Ӧ쵤ǵİɣôģ
ӿЦŵʵȻڶ״̬˶ʮˣֻҪ֮ǰΪҵһλʵҩʦҲ̫⣬ǽӵ˱˵ս
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ǵģҩʦжҩʦжȸ½ÿ̶һζҩĴᣬҩʦʦֳƵҩȶд裬Ҳһʢ¡
˽ҲС͵ĶҩᣬԼʱص㣬бԣʵǿ֮УʮֳķޣżҲʱʱĲμӡ
ǼҶеʵĴû˵ҩ飬ӿʵǿɣӦָľ˵ţźħŵķֱǿʮɡ
ҩʦʱ򣬱ҲֻǲμһεĶҩᣬԴ֮һ˾Ҳûвμӹˣ˽µСͶҩҲûȥ
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Ҷתת飬һ仰˼ѵ˵ûԼĵΪʲôҪڵĵ
ҶԪظʦŵôĶ֣϶Ӯģõġ
ӺȻָͷεĶҩڣܹɵҩʦμӣȻӮûӮʤˣ



266 ҴӦ
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Ҷ֮ԻڲμӴѡ˰үүԲ֮⣬һԭҪŪйԼױ޵˰ߵ顣
޵Լ׵ĿľΪһйƾ
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Ҷһ뵽᲻ǵڱʹ޵ˣ뷨ҶԪˣΪǵҪĻȫҪ鷳
Ҷڼ˵֮Ҳүү뷨ǶԵģôҲ˵飬Žүү֧ߣԼӷʣҪŪȥ
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Ҷԥһ֮󣬾ͽԼױ°ߵ򵥵˵˳֮ʧɫȻ飿ҵүүƾ飬үү֮⣬û֪޵ô֪
ӵüͷ𣬽ŵ˵ƾȻǳǲʲôرֻ֮ǶƷѣ˵޵˱ѾǳĸˣǸҪ˴µȥҶƾ
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ӰݼҶˣ
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265 ҵķ
Ҷں˳ķ˶̱ϣȻʱѾҹ϶ȥһ죬һҶɶûš
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˳˵ҲǷǳмɣԼԸδȺľ֮УȴǽԼȺϱƣ˵ǣԼҲһ㷴
Ȼھүү飬Ҷ岻ݴǵģҪԼȥΪҲ˿ԥֻڣǷ飬˼򵥡
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ҶָȣģΣʵΣүүΪʲôԼľټдȺڵˣͬǰԸ
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İϧ̲ס¶һȻЦݵΪҲĶ


270 û²Ÿ״
ҶԭٺİϧһģİϧĶһȻڵˣһȥɣ
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֪ˣڻȥ̫ɽĵʮİԻͷ·ˡ
ʩҼæҶһǵӵң
ʩǰ·Ҷɽд˽ʱ֮󣬲ǵ쵤¡
ҶаңղԼһ񱼣ûбʩԼԼ»Ĳһܹʱϻأ
ʩһֱҶ˵סĵط֮󣬲ŹȥҶƿź󣬷ַ֮г⣬ӺүүҲڡ
ҶڵͬʱվҶ˼Ц극ȥ˹䣬ú򣬲˼˼
޷޷Ҷ˿
֮˾ȻҶ˼ҳ̣ҶʮⲻǺѶѣһӦþҪˡ
Ȼһ֮˻һתҶˣи⣬ԴӼҶ֮Ҿʣֻǲ󷽱ʵóڡ
ȻᣬԸȽֱʲô㾡ʣҪǲʵĻܣҲܡ
Ҷ˹ˬ죬ãҾֱ˵ˣҶ˶ǲʲô
⣬ҶʱȻͬʱҲڰ壬ȻȻСϸڶע⵽ˣҪ֪ԼȻȷвǴû¶
ﻰ࿴ҵελˣимôܻвأ
΢΢һЦҶˣղŻ˵ˬ죬ôͱأȻ˲ֱ˵ҾͲһ£Ҷ˲ԭǲǸйأ
ҶҪһˣ³Լүү֮⣬ΨһһԼԷײˣ
ҶȻ׼˵ʵһѾ֪˵ĶӣԼ˵Ҳܶô÷׸ԼǸɲԼҪģĻȻҪԼΪˣô۸㣬Ҿôӱ
״ûµı֣
ˣô˵ҶʼղɿڣһҧԼµĹϵʮֵĺǢûκβ
ֻܷ׷ʣ˸쿪ʼǼϼһ׼չˣڵʱӸ𣬵ȻҲϣҶܹѷģʱĻͰտһ㡣
ҶȻڴӦﶼֻǱ˴֮Ŀ׻ѡ
һ֮ǣߵſڵʱȻͣתŵӵӣ֮ӷҪ棬Ҳ͸Ӵ˰ɣ
һ֮󣬼æͷӦ˽ŵǼ٣ҿǵĿӦҪڵʵҩԣɲҪСǣ
仰֮˾ʹ뿪ˡ
ӺȻҶһֵҶˣûµĻһӴǡ
ʵҶʮ֮ԵԼ棬˵ⷬʵĿľҪԼҲ棬ֻԼתӡ
ҶҲܺͬΪʮڵŵʵȻԥĵͷӦʵû⡣
΢΢һЦҶ֪λŷԼҩʦΪҩ֮ϵȷ츳ŹˣҶǰȻ
Ϊʲô
ΪСС;ѾǶƷҩʦ
ССǶС
ʮ꣡
Ҷһ֮󣬶ʱȻʧЦڵ˵ʮȷССˣҩʦҲȷˣԼֻʮҩʦﻹŵʱأ


271 ɽ
ҶվԼǰ쵤ϵڶ𴲺ͿʼæµҲں󣬵һлῴ־
쵤ϵĵӣȥ쵤˺͵֮⣬ҶԪڣܹнٶңɵæŸеĻ
ݸΪĲͬÿ˶ӦĹ
Ϊ͵ĸɨ΢ߵĸٸߵľǸϰٲ԰еЩҩģߵǸűҪĸֲϡ
ΪӿǸҩգʱضҪҩԱҪֲãȻĻһҩʱĳֲϣЩӿɾҪùˡ
Ҷʱ򣬵Ȼ˵ҩʵȴ͵͵뿪ȥѰҰ֣׼ӦԶҩᡣ
ΪҩյԸ񣬿˵ûʲôѣת˺ü죬ҲûҵʵѡֻܱصڣȻû뵽ǣȻҶǽȼü֮
ʱ֣ʩҺȻҶ˵ϴκһǸŮҶȻ֪Ī磬ҵæӭ˳ȥ
쵤ǿʯͷ£ĪվĪϳ֮ɫʱ״ɽ·ȻҶܹ֣ȴǺĹĵӣǷǮƵġ
Ҷĺ棬æ˹ûڣѾһҶϵܣڵļӿԽԽ˰Ҫһȵ춼Ѱ
Ҷһ㶣Ȼ׿϶ǺĪҪԼȴΪûͶ쵤ĵӸ
źԸ񣬱˵СС쵤ˣȸ½֮ϾûҴĵطĪȻסСҶ鷳ǿɾ´ˣ
ҶæźһҾ׵ϸ磬Ҳԣûȸǽеˣϸ˴϶Ҽƽϵġ
۾ȻһɵҿɲʲôˣСˣҲƽϣҵҪڵ˼ƽϼƽϣ
ҶЦϸ磬˵ô
仰ú鶸ȻһתٺٹЦҶϵܣǲֻҪʲô
ǣҶشļΪɴࡣ
ȻĪѾͷԶ㣬Ҫ˵
Īһ㶣Ǻܿ˺Ҫ˵ʲôϽͷȻ˵һߡ
ȵĪԶ֮󣬺ѹСӣģ
𣿡Ҷȵĵϸ磬Զôס죿
У¶м֮ɫ̫ɽʲôסģ˵ֲڵˣʲôסֻڵĳϣڵĵӣ
Ҷ˵ƿԣΪʲôҪԼһ
ˣ˵£ղ㲻˵ֻҪʲôҾ͸㣬֮󣬾ѾͷգҪгĻף٣ʲôĵǲ˵˾У
ҶԥڴӦĸ׹գǴϲ飬Ϊ϶Ҫȥףˣϸģʱҿ϶
ʵҶֱڻ֪Ī֮Ůûֻ̫࣬ΪĪɽĪ磬ǶԼĪİôǵĸ׹٣ԼȻҪȥףһ£⡣
õҶĻش𣬺ֵǹЦԼԼ˻ǣ׵ľͰĪ⣬Ҷļǿ˵ˣʱһҪҪǲĻҿɾͲֹôˣ
ϸģҪöûУպҲˣ
סУһ£ȻѹѾͷԸȽϹŹ֣еƶԵʱ΢ܣŪ̫ˣ
ȻҶеĪɽĪԸôиƶĵ⵹Ҳġ
Ҽסˣлϸ綣
ˣҲûʲôˣͲСˣѾͷɣҵ˵ˣ
СֺǺǵת뿪ĺҶǿЦãϸ磬ʲôãûʲôСڡ
ʱĪҲЦ˹ҶĵҶܣе£òǰ뿪ˡ
Ҷͷղźϸ˵ˣӦȥΪ׼ɣ£ɵ󲻵á
Ҷ˵֣Īֱ͸һ𣬲ûһŮҵ̬Ǵ󷽷Цŵ㵽ʱ𣿡
Ĵ٣ҿ϶ȥģ
ãҵ㣬֮ĳˣɽ
ᣬĪںҶһ֮ȴȻתȥҶҲһֱĿǶ˵ӰԽȥԽԶкȻ˵ʲô
ʱºȻһȺˣΪ׵ǵӣҶͷҶˣѾ̫ɽ£


272 ݼҶ
Ϊӭӷ󱦵ˣҹȥɽСغ֪Ѿ˵ϢԵԴǰȥӭӡ
Ҷ΢΢˵ͷòҺһȥ
ãҶˣҪݣ
ӽȻܺã˵ͬʱȻҶգգ۾ҶԪ˿޲Ŀɿڴ
ҶҲعȻԼӦ͵һӴŵˣԼڵĵλˣ۵λǺͬģֻ֮ӣԼǷȥӭӡ
˵ףҶҲûȫԼݡ
ðɣҾͻ쵤ǣ
Ҷ˻˻֣ת߻쵤ԼУһأúſڽ£ʼ
Ź˽һʱ֮ҶȻ۾¶һЦݡ
ţʹ˵ӵҶˣһҪ֪ûʱ䡣
ƾԼҶԺ֮п˿վԼһȺˣ˵ӵ쵤֮⣬ֻ֮ˣȻŵˡ
վмһƫ֣òˣվˣߵǸˣҶһȤûУÿעȴұǸˡ
еģڷ룬ϴư֮ɫ˫۹΢΢ϴ룬ֻ¶һһָĪ֮Уһɫĵۣҫ۶Ŀƺʱ˵Ŀ⣬ѱҪע⵽
ͳ·ñ˲עѣ
λȻǷˣ
ȻĸִǸ߸ϵģȴ˸ߵֵزҶܹһ£ΪȻǳԼĿǰ֮·ȡõĳɾ͡
ʮǳصĸ֣ǶƷҩʦȷûжܹҲſʱʸ
ܿϧһλҪСϽʮ꣬κηȴҪԶԶļһ
ҶĬһᣬ˼֮ſڵɣ
Ӧ
Ҷסķ쵤õģ쵤˵ĻҪãң鷿ȫ
Ҷʱڴ׵̫ʦϣԵһ򿪣˼̾ܿ
ʱϵıʵǾʵ˼㣡
Ƿ˫гһ۾ʱѾɴ˼ޣӶҪˣ
쵤ĵӣڣǱſֵ飬˵ı顣
͵Ĳ֮󣬵ſڽܵλǱεĵλˣҶˡ
ȷ󱦿ڣͿѾһߣͬʱǰһԲ˫Ŀ֮ٿȻȼŵĺɫ棬ĿǿҵƣֱҶ˹
ȻҪԿҶʵ
Ȼ֪ԵӵݣûеҸðڵˣֻʵ벻ͨôһһƾʲôܹΪڵˡ
ҶԷȼյĻ棬жʱȻԭһĳȻҲǻ棬ҿɫӦòͨ
ҶɲŶԷĻȼܹ߹Լ
ԷȻֳ˳壬ȫΪݼɵĳϼǵò˵һֳƣҶҲֳһɫ뷢ȻʼſµĺȴǺȻԼצӣĵ档
ûκ׵ģվĵ棬ͻȻһҵ𶯣ˣǺվĵӽµĵ棬û˿ķӦ
ͻ𶯣˴ֲһҡ֮󣬷һƨ˵ϣҲǽ
ĺѾʽΪƷޣ˵ζһƴ֮οصķͣԺǵԹûз֮
Ҷòڵ¶Цݵ֮󣬹Ȼ治Уû뵽ŵʽȻرžǿͣλɲд˴񣬿𣡡
һ˵ڳ쵤ĵȫ̿һӲƴЦҶԪҲЦҡҡͷ̾ԼӵĵƤ
˵Ӧ֪ѶˣϧǷȻô˺ˣӵһԾֻ䶸ȻҶһͬʱе·ͣݼҶˣ
֮жȻɴԼɫˣڿл۳һУҶХȥ
ղŷ۾̽ôڿɾĿŵĹˣҶʱȻŭֹͬ׼ֵĺǣȻִͨѨλ֮ϣڿл۳һ֧ȻҫļʸӭУ


273 ߵһͦˬ
ʹŵɫǸеˣ֧ʸȻܹҫ۵⣬𾪵Ըӣ
ꡱһ촫Ҷǵɢļʸײͷеͬʱ׵ľ͹ᴩȥƲƿ֮ͣ
͵ɫʱ䣬㲻ǳĸ֣Ҷ֧ɫʸҲ֪Լ󣬿²Ƿܹġ
λüΪΣվŵǷ󱦣㿪ôһͻз󱦣Էӡصľ磬޷ֵһô³屻ֱӶ
㿪ĻôԼҲҪһЮİԵˡ
ۿżʸҪǰʹҲûܵ˺ֻҧأһ󱦿ˣ
˵ͬʱ֮ٴθֳźɫĻ棬Ȼ׼Ӳһˡ
һĻһԹۿĵҲǴʧɫȻʮһз͵ĺıֻϣҶ΢ѹһ¶Է棬ûҪ÷ô
ҶȻǶ𣬶ͱôĻôں֮ɾǽˡ
Ҫ΢һ·ͣô˵棬ҪôˣǵھǲҶӣϸǿ·ϵĴﰡ
ʱҶȻ˵һۣӾȻҶ֮зһĨЦ⣬ⲻΪ֮һ㶣ѵҶʲôĴ㲻ɡ
Ѿܹĸоǵɫʸ̺֮ǿΪǼʸڿдľ磬϶ʹ
ѵԼҪ
ż䵽ǰļʸʵû۾ˣֻܽһգסȫȴ⾪춯ǵһ
ȻƬ֮󣬷Ͳûио˿ʹΧȺľ֮̾æ۾ԼǵһĻ
ǵɢļʸ˿̾ԼüģֻһԶ
ȻʸȴûмǰڿУһ
Σӡ߾ģη֮󣬾ȻڿвͿδţδ
Ҷģ
ʵܼ򵥣Ҷһָͷ֮Ȼһһεһϵ֧ʸƨϡ
ټϼʸ֮˴˵עǶǵ߻ҪϸĶ
ҶóʣǶЩ򵥵ĵǶģȻڵڵˣôȻܲܲ˵ĳˣΪҪĵˣֻǴҪŻһ·ͣѡ
ڣҶĿˣŵˣȻڶͶҷѵŵ𣿡
ĿڣǵɫʸȻٴ˸߶ȣԽ˵ͷȻһ⣬źХ֮ʡ
Ҷ仰˵÷͸޻˵ȷǰҶԷݻǺȼˣԼҪ߳һΪ˾ɱԼҲΪԼ
ȻޱȿҲǲʶʱ֮ˣ֮󣬾ٲԸ⣬ҲòҶһȭҶ˽ѵǣ³çˣ˼¡
Ҷ˰ֵˣһС¶ѣԺ󳤵ԾУеˣӣȥɣ
еʯͷҲ˵أԵͷŷ͵ת뿪ˡ
ȵ֮Ҷĵ˸ŽµĺǵʵʱߵһҲͦˬ
ǰһۺſȥŵ͵СڹĽɫ
Ϊз͵˵ĵҶҲóȥɴﰲܾϵ磬ʵǲԸ⿴ɫĵۣ۲Ϊĺá
󣬵ҶѾǰ쵤ϾסһȻ뿪
һֱҹҶ۾վƿ˳ȥԥһҲ˳ȥ
쵤ϵĴ󲿷˶Ѿ磬ֻùĵӵķȻŵƣ㾲
ҶҲûʲôطȥǱһ죬ʿ
Ȼʱ򣬶һȴȻһΪ΢ĽŲ
쵤סŽˣ·Ǻ飬ҶˣԵŲǿģҴ˵ʵӦò˫ؼûˣԲ
Ҷ˺֮ģΪʲôҪ˿ŵͽŲ
۾ҶԺ֮нĸֳһ棬üͷٿȻšһĵȻҪȥģ


274 ͽ
ʱҶԺгֵĻ棬һӰŵĴ쵤ĺ󷽽쵤ǰȥ
쵤ϵסһŵ뽨סҲǷǳнģΪԽߣסԽΪԽǳסԽǰЩˣסǰٲ԰֮ΪľǷֹǻᴳ뵤͵Զ
ǵڵǸ޴ĶѨȻз䣬ǻϾסڵ֮УҶڵλþ뵤ֻдʮ֮ң
Ӱһ·ߵǰһǰҿ˰죬ȷܲû֮󣬾ȻҲţֱӾƿ˽ȥȻСĵĹ˷š
Ȼ뵽ڰ֮УҶķʽĿáÿһ
ҶǷһ˿Ц䵽Ѩ֮ϣԼ֮УĶ侹ȻǰҪһȦ
Ҷû˿ΪڵעѾȫǸ֮УϸոսȥӰܹĸˡ
Ƿֱŵ˺ҶԪʣ
Ϳ߽ҶԪʣĺǳ㲻˵쵤ûиǸҶô£Ǵӵðģ
ҶԪ˿η͵ĺǳ⣬΢΢һЦ㻹˵ˣǸһҶǰոڣ
ҶԪʼ򵥵ĽйҶ˵һ飬֪ķǳޣΪ̨Ҷ͵ӽֵľûڳҶҩʦ鶼֪
֮ŵ϶¶˾֮ɫ󱦸ѿڶֻʮꣿûŪɣ
ҶԪʽʳָŵߣ˸ĶСҵȻŪԭʦܵӡ
󱦿͵壬ôܰ
ڵƹҫ֮£ϵıеҧгݵĵȷǲܣֵһĻҲǼٵģʵʵĳĸ֣Ҳǳϣ˵ŪѵǰϺ껹Ūɡ
ʱʼûעģҲû˵ĸڷߵһ˺ȻڵȵȣҶԪʣǸʦ֪𣿡
ʵҲǳĸ֣ƽӹͨзעˣԺױ˺ӵ
֪ݷҶˡ
̧ͷǸ˵ʦúõʲô
Ϊʦ΢΢ü֪ǲǵãǿͽܣ
仰ҶĶȻһ£󱦵ͷȻǵˣͽܺǽʲôɣÿûٸϹ
ʦЦŵԺǿûϹˡ
Ϊʲô
Ⱥǿһ˱ϵ˫ӳ֮⣬˰ͽڣȫˣ
Ҷ˫ȭѾȻսˣ̫ϤˣԼϲƵ潣Ķ
ȻѪΪѪ̫Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҶѪڿռ䳾У򲻵ѵʱ׼óȻʹ潣
󱦲ΪĵŶ˾ˣʲô˵ģǿֲֹһǵһϹҲʲôоġ
ʦҡҡͷ˵꣬ûʲô֪ô𣿡
֪
ڰǰܵ˿ϳǵٺռһҵСңһ˳ûʲôµģͻȻһСкȻȫɱˣ
֮ɫܰɣˣʮӡʲôСкܰɱ
ʦСкȻܹɱʮӡ࣡
Ск
󱦵ЦոճڣǱʲôס˺һӲ˻ȥСкʲô
ʦĿ³֣Ҷ
ȸ½֮ϣҶûһҲаǧҶĳСкӦòᳬһ
ڵĸ˼ͬʱ뵽Ҷ
ǲûдɱҶҶҲ̸ÿһֶ
Ҷίʵû뵽ȺǿȻģǵĿǿֹһӣȻǽǿϹĶһԴ
ѹʱ򣬸ԼֻǸʼԭ̵ĳλʦ֮⣬ʮ֮һĴɣ
ǿΪҶȻûۼǴС֪ٴΣɱӣ޶ǾһΪǿԭһжΪЩǿıŵòȻǿڰ֧ǡ
Ϊǵ֧֣ö޹˲ûԼڵҿҲѾȸ½ʧˣ
뵽һɱҶӿ


275 ڰ
Ҷֱ޲ھͳ䣬ǵǰȻһһɱҲǵǸ嶯ˣȻʮ꣬һһУҪһЩһӵľ֪Щ嶯ûʲôôӲסĵĳ嶯͵š
ʱĵĻǻ治öԸˣڵˣɥͽ֮Ǳˡ
ʦ˷һ۵֣ļֵ󣬻Ҷ˵ļֵ󣿡
һ㶵ǵȻҶļֵˣʲô˼
ȻڵˣǲҪˣ˾൱ڳϣȻܹϣΪʲôܣ޷ǿ˭Ĵ۴ѡ
󱦵۾һʦ˼뽫Ҷе
Ҿôģǻǿ±Ǽùģһ¶ĻԻ𹫷ߣ⵽ɵϽɱΪͽȥҶ罫뵽ţһǽ±˺¡
ǺãǱô죿ʱ䳤ˣ϶֪Ҷɱͽܵ֡
ղҲˣҶļֵԶԶҪôֻҪܹҶ£סҪʱǿԷӻǸආҲѾԼɱˣֻҪһ¾ǳ׵Ĺȥ޶֤ˣ
ҶҪ£ԼʱЦѣȻǵⷬȴﷺһ⡣
ʦǸȻǵĹϵǳǵֻһöӣиüֵӳʱȫԺԥֺݶĳԼ۽ˡ
ʼһһԲ۵ҶԪʣʱڷһЦȻ˵ĿⶼϣͲĵҶԪʣЦʲô
Ц̫ˣҶԪָ˵ҶʦܵӣʦܶĲģҪҶţǳ˵Ρ
ʦ΢΢һЦʦأǡ˵أǡǰҶǸṩֵأ
һ⣬ҶԪʱ͡
ʱҶڵѪҺѾˣʶʲôն
ЩΪҪ£ԼȻô񶾵ķҲĳԼ͵ǵ̸һүү⵽֣һоƵչôԼкܴĿܻţ
Ϊʲôϣô˽˵֮ᣬּҵַ壬Ӣڵ壬ǿͷ࣬Щ˶ˣ
¹֮£Ҷˣԭ峺˫֮ĸֳһ˿Ѫһĺɫͬʱ֮ҲɢһɱϢ
ӽ֮ĵ˵ϣд޵⣬ڣֶһš
Ըоֱ仯ԭſڵϵ˲վ̧ͷҶһ˫۾ͬɺɫ˺ɫ
ҶʲôǾԻԶΪѣΪֵܣ
ڵ̸Ȼڼھʦʳ֮󣬷󱦴ŵɻʦΪҶôһôľֵ֣𣿡
ȾʦڣѾصĵͷֵãʮĳ֣۶Ĵ۶ֵã
Ը˼µķͶΪֵãȻ޻˵ˡ
Ͱ˰ֵˣҶǻȥ˵ҶԪʣҩ㲻Ū˰ɣ
ģ϶ڶʮˣֻеһҩʦԴӹƵĴӦμӶҩ֮ͽڱչҩʵȴ͵͵ȥҰ֣޹ԶҩǱذˡ
ǾͺãֻҪȡöҩʤʱӦĺô϶ٲģڿʼͰǶҶֻҪϢʱǻ㱨
ҶԪʴӦһ뿪ӣߺ󣬷ͺ;ʦҲ뿪
һƬƮסһƬڰͬЩ˵һ
ҶȻվͬһһ㣬һȴżҵĶ
һھɱ˷ˣΪǾȻҪɱԼүүһҲǵŵʵʮڣǿɲǵӢܱȵģҪɱǣԼȻǵıԼܲҶң
գΪҶҵİȫҶֻҧгݵĵʱǶһʱɣ
͵Ҷ֪˲ٵ飬˸Լйص֮⣬ҶԪһˡ
ųԼκ˶ûлɹ֪ʵǸͽεĶҩͨ籨ŲŴٳɵġ
ֻҶԪǧ㣬û㵽Ҷλʮĳ֣ͬҲһλʮҩʦ


276 ԵĻ
ŵڵڶ͸뿪ˣʱ뿪ʱֳĽȻ̬ͬȣðڵ쵤еǶüһѣȻҲ֪һжҶĹͣҶεʷĵλˣҲʼӮǵء
ȻҶѾӦҪŵһμ֮еĶҩᣬôҶ˵ݣȻҪҩǴҶԪٴ˵
ԭӻҶԪʵģȴҶĽˣϾ֪ҶԪʺ๴֮ɲϣԼҩʦݱҶԪʷ֣Ӷ֪
ٴǼܶĵЦеĵҶˣϴֻۻĴιһ£Ҿͺú㿴쵤嵤ı֮
ҶһʱѾ뵽쵤ĵ˴֮⣬ȻرĵطԵ˵ͷۿ
ߵܶԱߣܱϵļ͹֮˼¡
һġ¡¡֮ͻȻӵðߴ׵Ĵ󶦾Ȼ
Ŷĸ߶ȰСĵڵ¶ȾȻҲڲϵţҶڷ֣ܵƨ棬һҪ˺ϱϸοմӡ
ʱ˿̣ӱοյģȻһµĻ࣡
ڲߵ¶ȣȻɻ¡
Ҷ۾Ѿɴ˼ޣȻйؾڿһĻʱҲеš
ԭ¯֮¾ȻǬֻеĻô£
ҶķӦӺҶԪ˶һۣ϶¶΢ЦʵֹҶκһһμʶ龰ˣͬķӦ
˭Ҳû˵Ȼ׼ҶһЩʱ䣬һе𾪣Ҷ𾪵ͬʱǿʶѾĵŻȥ
ģһɫǰ
ͬɫĺˮɫĴһɫ統Уɫڿٵţһƺûб߼ʵĴ·޵ȥһۿͷ
ɫƵʼΪĿ٣ÿһεҲһǿ˸еη塣
е鶯֮Уеź֮УǰЩӦڻеȴŰԵ֮С
ǻԣΪΪԵĻԣ
󺣵ˮǻúöŮصǳصĳˣ֮еĻͺöսʿ
ԭϴЦ⣬Ҷʱ׳۾ĵӣڿҶı仯֮Цȴ̣ұȡ
ڣҶʶӻ֮˳ϸֳȻЦݵػ֮Ȼܹ˰ԵǼʶˡ
Ҷȷ֪ЩеĻˣǵػڲ֪Ѿȼ꣬ʮ꣬ĵ»棡
Ȼػݻķֻּеĵڶλ˵ܹʹõػǿǿ顣
ҪͨԼӵеĻؼǲ֪ҪѶٵʱ䣬Ҳ֪ܷճɹ
쵤Ϊĸ֣Ҳֻǲӵ˵ؼϣѿ
Ҳ쵤嵤ܹ֮õػƵҩ˵ȻΪĿꡣ
ΪڵʵЩֱӹڣȡ֮ˣ
Ҷķĸпõ֪ԼĲ²ûдģǾҶȻܵǹɻеİԵ͡
Ȼػǰ˶ܿҪܵǴĻԣɲǼ򵥵ģͬҪԺͻԵȻҲĻԳ
ú͵ĵҶһʩչ֮ǰɵĸ֪˴صԵĻŵҲͲôˡ
ŬԼƽָűػĶ¯֮µǸӵӵĲ鼶ϣҲϵĲģԵסؼƷȼգڲؼв㣬ҩʱ򣬿ĿƵػ¶ȡ
˵ͬʱܱϵ͹˼£ʱеĻС࣬ڵ¶Ҳ֮
Ҷ۾Ǵˮ̳ҶԪһۺЦŵүү֪ˣϨػɣֻһƷҩʦòػô߼Ļ档
ҶԪʮӡΪڵػɢȸ֮£޷̫ʱ䡣
ȻҲף˼£ö¯ӻ£ڵ¶Ⱥܿͻָ
ҶҲˣҵҪ˼ּ򵥵Ĳҩֱϣʼҩ
ȻΪ˱ⱻӷѪܣҶûжѪ֮ѪΪǿܹвͬԻ೼ҩ˵ʧܵĿܣԼգ۵Ĺ򣬾Ѿ˵ƣǣƷ׾ȻԾǼȣ


277 һĺúõ
ӽ˵ǰϸĿ˰֮ٴ¶˼ɫҶˣҾҩ֮ϵ裬ȫԿʼƶƷҩˡ
Ȼձ֣ҶΪҩյȴԲΪֶȥϸĹ۲Ҷҩÿһ֮ŵóۡ
ҲʵҩĵѡǸԵںϣҶޱȣΪڴ֮ǰѾƳİٿżȵһƷʮżȵӡ𵤣
Ȼ˵ҶѾʸƶƷҩҪյҩ֪ʶȴҪӵȫ롣
ҶҦɽָЩҩ飬ͨ˶򵽣صȻҲֻ򵥵ҩϵ֪ʶܵĲҲǱȽϳͨġ
ҪƶƷЩ֪ʶǲġ
ˣѯҶ̺֮ǰ쵤ĲڣĶҩ鼮Ҵڿʼϰٲ԰Ҫ̵ʱڣסҩĵصȡ
ҪҶǿЦѣȴҲûоܾΪҪӲμӶҩ⣬Ӧ˳ҪŬԼҩϵ裬ȻľȥЩ뿪Ⱥڵĸ߼ҩʦǡ
Щ߼ҩʦҩֱǶϷһ㣬ֵһᣬΪүүҶҪԼܶоҩ֮
ڽ֮󣬺Ȼüͷʱ䣬ҪΪҩЩ׼ܻ뿪̫ɽȥɼҩģһһҶҩĻ
Ҷæŵû£үүȥҸȺڵ˳е㽻飬үүĻҾҲᵽ쵤ϣ̡
ȻҩգƽʣǶڸҩʦٻ֪һģ˵Ⱥڵ˳ˡ
֮󣬵Ӷʱϲǿɾ̫ˣƷ׻ҩˮƽԶңָĻҪǿĶ࣬Ҷ˼Ȼ죬ô㽫뵽쵤
ӴŵԹĻҶǿЦã쵤ڵĽأǱŵûͶ룬˳ˣԼûõӵ֮ͬ£ôܽ뵽쵤壡
ʵҶ˵ݣȻҲصӣԳٳû
뿪˵⣬ҶԼߵҶԪʾȻѾſڣԼ˳¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ϊ˴ɻҶŵӵүүԭҩô氡лĻҿһҪѧѧҩ֮³Ϊҩʦյ㶫ûġ
ҶⷬɹҶԪϵɻһɨգǵȴãȻȻҶ˵ĺͿˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲûнͣǶҶԪʵã鷳һˣȺڵ˳뵽쵤˵
˵鶼ӦʩĵȥģҶȻΪˣ˭ҲΥҶԪʾһ˿ȴֻܹԹͷ뿪
Զ֮ҶųŵӺҶԪүүүүҩʦ飬鷳ʱܣ֮⣬ҲҪõ֪ҶԪڣ
Ȼеɻ󣬵˭Ҳû⣬ΪֻҶø֪ԵͷӦ
ֱӸǣ׼ʰһ¾ɽȥɼҩģҶȻͺҶԪصס
Źغ֮ҶɫصĵүүʱСĵ㡣
ܲүүĵǼȻѾ֪˵ıҶȻҲֻܲ˶үүˡ
ҶԪɫһݵʲô𣿡
ҶүүҵõһϢ˵Ҫ£ңҲӦ׼Ǽ˵ҪЮңұҪ
Ȼ۵λΪҶԪ޷ҶᲢۣϾҶҵļҶүүϢûԳκεĻţǳһµ֪˭𣿡
ʱ֪ѾúȥˣҴȺڵҲɳǰҶңҶҵİȫӦÿԱ֤Ψһĵľ˼ҡ
ҶԪҶϺȻ¶һ΢Цүү𣿡
үү꣬أ
ȻΪûϣôͲҪ̫Ϊҵģүү˿һˣҲǼһЩ˵ˣүүүүӲأҪĵ㣬ȻҪ£㣬ĽѵҲˣòĻܶ˻ԸٵģĶҲԽԽǿ󡣡
үүĹҶԭе㵣ǵʱһɨգЦŵͷİɣүүҶ˵ӲҵĶжǿұ֤һĺúõģҲҶңþõĻȥ


278 ϸ
˳֮Ҷʹȥ쵤ϵĲúĵĸҶԪ
ȻҶԪ˵ɣǶүүİΣҶǲаи
쵤ϵĲղصĶǹҩ飬̫壬ÿ϶Ĳ󣬷űղظָ鼮ϡ
ֻҩ飬Ĳ֮ḻҲҶĿ۽磬ǧ֮࣬𵱳īżй飬Ҫ
Ҷһ˳ȴ¶΢΢ʧ֮ɫҶ̲סѯʵ֣еʧ
˳Цŵûб˼ɱᣬֻû뵽йҩ龹Ȼô١
ô٣ҶԼˣǧ٣
˳ȴ϶ĵͷҩ飬Ⱥڵղʮ֮һ
Ҷ̲ס˿ȺڵҩղؾȻﵽ֮࣡
˳ŵֲö˵ҩһе㲻ţǿĲ飬ˡ
ֵҶЦˣǧĲȻҩģЩӵеķ̣Ĳģ
ô飬Ҷе㲻֪Լôˣ˳ҶĿ֮䣬Ѿ֮ϳʮ飬Ҷе⼸еãôĲ󣬿֮Ӧҩȫû⣬պлȥȺڵĻٰѡЩ顣
֮⣬˳ﶼһĴڣɿɲ
õӵ쵤仰Ļ֪ʲôζ
ҶҲ˳û˿쵤˼ϾڳɴȺڣһɾƷҩʦҼȸ½ΪӢҩʦɣҩ֮ϵļʶ쵤ҲС
ЩͻԼס֮Ҷֺ˳˰ٲ԰ͬ²һԼʮ𾪵İٲ԰˳Ȼûʲôֵ
ٲ԰רŸտҩĵĵӣ˳һЩҩĵ̲֮ס϶ֳŭ⡣
˳ָЩҩĵص֮ϵŭͱ壬Ȼ˳˵ʮ׼ȷЩǵӶ֪ġ
ҶȻ˳ָ£ʼһϤЩҩĵص㡣
һҩʦ̵һʴӱ̣һҶջʮ־޴ģҲļʶҩ֮ϵĲ
һֱϣеĵӶ뿪֮ҶȻڰٲ԰оŸָҩģ˳ϻӣֻһˡ
ȻһûϣΧһƬҶУͰûʲô
Ҳ֪˶֮󣬺ȻһҶϣ̧ͷѾʼˡ
Ȼ˵ٲ԰еһ磬Ƕֲҩ˵Ȼˮһֱ֣ԲûˮĽ롣
ҶʵȻȫˮܵ˿ϣоʮֵ⣬Ըûκɴ˸һƨ԰еС·֮ϣѵõҹס
꽥ȴֻϸ꣬Ҷͷſе˿Ϊ̫ܼµٶ̫죬γһƬ
Ǵأ
Ҷûɵð⣬˳ķ򣬼ĿԶһֱյߴƾۼš
ҹĴϮ֮£ЩƲϱ״ʱΡĸɽʱ˱ڵĿʱĽӡ
ǲƲʵ״αã಻ϵ˿ȴʼΧƲʵԱߣ벻档
ԽԽƲʵԱ۳һŵˮ
棬Ҷһ֣ȻԼʩչƶʮ˲ʱпǸˮ棬ǰĻơ
Դӽƶʮ˲֮Ҷûټģǡǡ෴Ҫĵʵ̫ˣڸûʱ
񣬿ˮ棬Ҷ鲻ԽվѾڲ֪֮ƶ
һʮ˲
ʮ˲֮ҶȻûͣΣ˫żΪȻһλü˳ȥ
ʱ˿̣Ժ֮У֮УѾ̤ڰٲ԰С·֮ϣǲеƲ֮ϡ
µƲʣģ˿Ҷ˫֮ʱоһǳһţһԹۿĻͻᷢҶοҲʱʱͣǺ˾һ
Ȼֺߺ͵ƶȴǵûиԲгͱŤ֮УܹоһǢһֺأƺ뵽һǢ
֪ʱڿУӸµĽһпеˣѾٴαд
ΪʵĿ˿̾ȻҶƶ켣УҶ·ʧһ㣡


279 ƶ֮
˼ֱţҶڶ̶̵ļ֮󣬾Ȼٴν뵽˺һ״̬Լòеˡ
ĲҶԣô˵Ĵڣе߶һĪĴ
Ҷ֪Լ˶ٲ֪ԼʩչƶֻǸоԼƶ֮ϡ
ǲϱõƲʣЩ뵵ˮǻԣθȫڱ
ޱȵ˷ܺͳ죬һһƲ֮Ͽٵıţ
֮УҶѾײ˵ƣ
ƶ֮ϵĲ
ײˮ֮⣬ʵл󷨣ܵײ˭λ֮⣬ȻҲһλ󷨴ʦ
Ǿֹ󷨣סߣ˵ƶгֳ󷨣ܹײȫѧᣬ侫ĻôһʩչĻö޴֮С
˽֣Է㶼֪ǻô
ϧǣҶٶȽΪÿһʱ򣬶ͣ΢һ롣
һʧȥᣬƶȻҲûֵظС
󣬵Ҷʮ֮ȫȫͣüͷ˫۽գƺ˼һλá
˿Ҷϵ·µĴأǿЦҡҡͷ
ղҶôһ󼸺ڷıߣѾлˮĵ֮ϣǵϵ·ûմˮΣվλãҲտʼλãһģһġ
Ҳ˵Ҷʮ꣬Ȼ»صԼ㣬˾ԻΪҶûжһֱվ﷢
һϣһڵϣڳ˼ţڣ˷Ȼһ̾Ϊߣҩ֮û뵽Ȼ󷨣
˵ˣҶ󷨣ֻʩչ˰󷨵ƶѣ󷨴ʦλƶˡ
ҶƾŴͨѨǿʶܹһЩеȷ·
ȻѾ˺һ״̬֮Ҷȴˡ
û̧ͷѾǰ
ǱʱŵԼҶ϶ܲˣǵǰվŵʱȴֻüë¶˼־ȵ֣Ȼ㣿˵Ǽչ𣿡
Ϊ˵ѣúǳɹ˾磬ҶУǼΪмģΪԼǷһ
Ҷ˵ҲûڵΪҶòٴ˸Ľ֮ȻּչأԼ̽
˵ȴζҶԴı֮£ʱʱ̶̿Ժ֮лţʵ̲סŻŽҶûʵֵĿģҲǡÿٴһĻ
ҶʣεЦЦĲ޷չأضҶ̵顣
Ҷ˽⣬֮УΪףټǼΪҶǰû˵ѵıҪ
ңҲĽҶͬ
˵̹ȴҶһóĸ֣Լ̣
֣ﵣ̶֣ʲôֱ˵ֻҪ֪ģҿ϶㡣
ҾʣҶԴ֮µģ
ҶĬˣ˻ΪԼ漰ĳЩҶԸ˵˽Ͼÿ˵ǱܵģæŵҶ˲˵ĻǾͲ˵ֻǺ棬ûʲô˼
֣ˣûʲô˵ģֻ˵͡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ⣬һָܵİٲ԰֣˵㶮󷨣ô㣬֮пһ֮·𣿡
֮·
һѹŹֵķţڲƶţ£ʵȴйɿѭһƶĹ켣ôͻῴһ֮·Ҳͨ󷨵ȷ·
Ҷ˽ԼԴ֮ʱԺиֳľԽԽ˷ܣ˿ûע⵽ϵȴԽԽŹ֡
֣ҵ˼𣿡
ȻԼԵȻ㣬ʵ޷ϵļˣֻѹ˵ʹŵСĺͲȷҶˣ˼ǣָܿǵ۾ЩŹֵķţ
ǰܶܶ࣬е״Ƚơ
ǸҶˣ΢ҿ𣿡
Ҷͷָ֮һԵĻˮֽһ
ЩŶŵʱʮ־ãԶԷŵ״ǵú֮˿ĭ㣬ۿ


280 쳾

Ҷ󷨣Ȼ壬¶ɻ̲סҡҡͷҶˣѵ㲻󷨣
һϲͨ
ղ߳Ĳ֮ĳ󷨰
溬󷨣ҶڷʵͬʱҲٴλǸֵĻ档
˺Ȼһ֮ͻȻһ뵵ɢ͸ʹοʣʮֵĲС
˽һǲڿնҶǰʱʧȥ˵Ӱֻʣһ㵭
֣
ҶȵС
˵֮д˳ҶˣίʦְƳһ쳾ֻҪϣΣԭΪ쳾кһ󷨣ղʩչײ֮ʱΣͺڲ࣬ҲײӦûȫգĻܴﵽ쳾ͬЧȫ޷ڡ
һݶ˵³֣һȥɴһĶ
Ȼѡ֮գҲǿ쳾ȻںԱߣûб֡
ҶΪ棬û뵽Ȼܹ
֣˵Ķԣײһ˲Ŀǰʮһ붼ûе
ڣѾܹҶѣǾ˵Ĳ󷨣Ҳûϼ׷ȥǻԭȵҶˣˣһΪ㶮أЩţ򵥵˵ǹ󷨵ķţ⣬һǲܿģǲó󷨵ˣҲû˭ܹ㣬ôģ
֣Ӧ֪ʶʶɣ
֪
Ϊ֣ȻѾ֪ʶʵʶҲĿ
Ҿʶ֮ʶͿʶܹԴ֮£ܹ˵Щ
ٴŴͣԼڲŸոʶʶһûȫ룬ȻҶȻѾʶ룡
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⣬ҶȻܻشˣѪսĹǾԲй¶ȥģĺŪԼԴ֮µģһµ֣ٽغ쳾Ϊ㴵һ飬Ҳܷеԭˡ
ԶʱϲԸҲˡ
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Ͼǰٲ԰Զ쵤סĵطһŵǵϢǿɾͲˡ
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ǣڣЩڴȻѾȫʧģֻԼ֮зĸ
Ҳһ򵥵ĸ󷨣ᴫȥġ
ⲻҶе˼ΪĸʯͷȻܴﵽЧ֮Ȼ棡
ҶˣĻɣ
˵ݸҶһѩҶҲֽӹһڴʱ鷳ңòҪֿǷ˼άı仯󡣡
غ쳾ɲͨսҶҪ󣬶˵еðա
ֿһĻ֮еĻҶҪǸû˿ķ֮
ȴǺԥĵͷӦȻҶˣ
Ҷĵ˵ͷûż࣬վ۾пʼԼ֮Ļ档
һĻٴ˰ͷҪӳսȱҪԼľ뵽֮УһӣԼ޷УôܵӰأ
һ㿴Ƽ򵥣ѧϰսʮ֮õĻȴʼն
Ȼ˵ûɵðһͷ죬Ҷܲٴδµһأ
غ쳾£ŭɱֹţҶǰȫ⣬Դ֮£ɲ
ڣҶĽŵߣ˿֮һȻ
Ҳ۾ûж˿ľţԼȫΧ


281 ϣ֮
Ҷʱ߿ʱʱߣʱϼңԼѾ»صغ쳾Ļ֮УҲǸĽŲҶл档
ƽأŭɱ¾磬ʬҰս
֮µʱ˵жȻӿֳıˣɱ˾ͬˮһȫȫİ̲ס˫Ŀ죬ۿ֮ͷ֮⡣
ǰΪʲôҪзŭΪʲôҪɱ¾ԭǸ͵ΪʲôҪأ
ڻ֮еҶԭҲͬ˵ĿΧһУͻȻ֮䣬챻ѪȾĺɫ֮УһĨɫ
һĨжȴȻһһСݣ
ΨһõΨһһ
ֻǣϣȴѹһʯͷʯͷ󣬵Ƕ˵ԺȻҲΪʯͷסڸղŵǳɱ¾֮˵Ĵ
ʯͷѹŵĻҲ˶á
Ҷ߹ȥ׼ʯͷ𣬺ΨһܹõĻȥ
ȻҶȥ˫ȴͣ˿УΪȻ֣СԼڷŤϸ壬ŬҪϵʯͷ
κ˵Уһ飬СȴǼΪǿŤ壬ڲ֪˶೤ʱ֮ѹϵʯͷȻģıĻζһ£
Ȼ΢һ£ҶȴסˣСģһʲô
ϣ
ϣ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ飬ԭ˵һΪϣ
֮滺̺֮һǿҵϣ
ǰ
ҶȻɹĴˡغ쳾µĵ¡ϣ֮£
ϣõһ֮һҲ淢չԭΪϣĴڣŻ٣
ϵҲŨŨϣҶͣʱȻ˫۽գƺԸõеѹ
Ҷͬˣ˵ĸҪһ㣬Ϊϣ֮⣬оһǾ
ǿСȻȥ磬ȴǿ֮ǿԿҶܵĴ󺣣غͻӵе
ʲôأ
ȻҶʱûŪţԼһܹҵԴȪ
Ҷ۾ͬʱҲǴ˫ۣһЦ֮˺ȻҶһҶҪܣȴоԼ徹Ȼһ͵֮޷ƶֻӲĽ˵һݡ
Ҷˣл㣬˺ܶ൱Ҹδ뵽ĶԵҶл
УǶ̽Ḷ́ǧÿ򵽵׷ѰûȫͬˣΪߵˣ˽ľԽ࣬˵ĳһ棬ΪˣܵҶԼµĸ
ֶ飬Ȼͬھ֮ȴǵ㻯֮£ӦҶл
ȵվʱҶҲоϵѾʧ˵ȴǰڰֵҶˣм֮飬ҾͲ˵ˣµĸҪ̻ȥչغúһ£ҵһС⣬£ȻպɾͲˡ
ҶֻоһԶһ̧ͷʱǰѾ𣬻һ׹⣬ʧ˿С
ͷҶſԼϵһӣȻҲǿռ䳾
ʶУһ֮£Ҷһг˸ղʾԼǼ쳾֮⣬Ȼ鼮
Щ鼮Ҷ֪ⶼǹ󷨷鼮мԼдģԼ֮ϸϸļ
һλ󷨴ʦ׫д󷨵֪ʶЩڲʶ֮˵УǷ޲ֵһо󷨵˵õǾ޼֮
ҶȻ󷨣֪Щ鼮ļֵ˾ȻϽ͸Լ˱ĸм֮⣬ҲϣҶܹоһ󷨡
˵ĺϣҶֻܱ֮ԿЦˣȻҲʶ󷨵棬ҲǺȤҪѧĶʵ̫ˣʵûжʱ;ȥо̺ͬɲ֮ˡ
쳾ȴҶʱʹõһҲں͵˽֮ʱû̫ôʱȴ벻á
ҶսԼĿռ䳾ʱɫѾ˸Լһϵջ治С
ѧƶʮ˲һˡغ쳾µϣ֮£
ȽȽĴµһ쵽ĳҶϣǵһһϣɵϣȳ׺үүǣϣеѺͼ˶ܹƽƽϣһжã


282 ֮
֪֮УһµʱȥˣʱҶ˳ָ֮£ûûҹŬҩ֮רϵ֪ʶʶҩģջ˵ǼΪ޴
˽Խ࣬ҲԽҶʶԼĿǳҩ֮Ĳ˿֮ҲһʶÿһеӦöͬˡ
ޣޣ޵ȴ;ͬ飬ϲŻŸָߣߵ·жôͬǵյһġ
ߴͷβֻһ·ͬҶԭĵ·ϣֿٳһҩĵ·ҲԼʱ㹻ĻôԼȥٸĵ·
󷨵ĵ·ĵ·޵ĵ·
ѧϰҩ֮⣬Ҷҹ˾ʱҲ쵤壬ǰ˼ƫƧ֮أսͬʱ˳ҲѪе˳͸͸
ڣҶѪзųģԭȰħڵ֮⣬Ȼֶһһİϧ
ңҶϲǣΪ򿪵Ѫ֮ͨǵ徹Ȼˣ
ӵǣҶҪ˷ܣһѪ֮гǸϣ̫ɽ϶һͬǺĹֽ֮⣬ҶҲţͷıδ˫֮µᣡ
ϲ
ǣҦɽǺڵ¶Ľ֮ɫ˶Ҳһ˿įĽ
һУҶȻҲԼ˿иһҪӿ̿˶ӵ壬ǽֻһ͸ꡣ
ڱİϧﵱѹƲóֵĵһˣΪ̫࣬Ȼͬʱ֣ǾİϧҶҶͬ⽫ȨİϧֻҪİϧܹôͻѡ˺һֻ
İϧð֣ҶȻ˺ܶĸ԰ĵĽԼ
ѨѨĴͨʶͿʶ뵽ʶ֮УҶѡͬΪѨѨ
ѨǿѨλӦþʶеʶܹܹͨʶ뵽ʶ֮УҪǣܹ
Ȼˡغ쳾׸ߴƷսҶɲʹûҪܵ
ȻҶҲûҶԪʺԼүүİΣÿʶ˼ҶÿıĹΣڲûзκε飬ҶԪʶû¹쵤壬ҲҶʶӦʱκεҲõȵҩ֮
ǽһµʱȥˣ붷ҩʱҲԽԽˣȻŲɼҩĵĵӾȻûлⲻҶе㵣ģǵ£ϾҲǵһ뿪ֻܼʱϻĻǾͻϲ϶ҩˣ
ҩᣬڶûȥμӵĻǵھȨ䣬ʱŲսʤͿµҩʦ쵤ĵ
ҶûкøУǱϾүүʦţԼֱΪ˵λˣټŸǱԼΪ˵ˣҲζҩġ
ۿ붷ҩֻʣʱ䣬ȻţҶͬȹϵԲʱҶԪʾȻҵ
ҶԪĵ֮ɫҶˣǶҩˣھӦöˣʦ˼ҵڻûлԻҶø⡣
쵤Ȼ쵤ˣıչأµľǵӣҲڵ£ôȻе鶼ҪҶȫȨˡ
ҶѾ֪ҶԪһˣ˿˵ĻᱻĵɱΡ
ҶȻƣ̾˿ҳէ֪ôԪʣʲô뷨˵ϾҲ쵤ϵˡ
ҶԼĳƺҶԪʵһ˿ҲҶôеġ
ҶˣҩʦֻʦһˣʦܻĻôεĶҩᣬֻȨˡ
Ҷ﷢һЦȨԸ
УҶƬ̺ҡҡͷβȨСӶ´ɣҩٿĵص֪֪
֪
ãھʹǰ
仰ҶԪʵͷٿȻ̧֮ɫҶˣѵ㣬Ҳҩʦ
ҶҡҡͷʲôҩʦȥֻǸЩҩʦһ£ܷƼ죬ȵүү֮˵
ȻӸϲôҶ;ԼǰҩᣬѪ˳İӦܹʤ
ҶԪʳĳһӻΪҶҲҩʦأĻ֮ˣҲֻܰ˵ܷһˣƳٶҩڣԺ򣬵ȥ׼ߡ
ظ뿪ҶԪʣҶ¶һ˿Цҵĳ֣ȷ֮ң˵Ͳ֪˻ùˣ


283 г
Ϊ˰ȫҶûдүүͺǣֻҶԪʴ·Ȼ˳һǰҩٿĵص㡣
ǰӦñΪƥȻȫɽɵĽͨʱҶеĿɿڴ
Ȼܹշе˲࣬Ϊ㼸˿ڿзеԸܹɽƴ˸ָĿڿзеĽͨߣǰгǳ˺ֵ֮ķйߡ
֮ǰҶԯ¥һЩֽͨߣʱû⣬ڲʶˡ
ҶԪʽܣҶѾԼʶٵӹȻҲ֪еԭ
гͨʲô𣬵ƥɽɵĿ֮ȴǰػء
ÿƥ֮жһĿ龧ʯóɵ󷨣ĸ󷨺һϳ֮ԲһĲٿطĹߣͿڿзС
ڹΪʮ֮һʹõ龧ʯȻҲǱѰƷģҶԪʵĽܣʮ龧ʯгڿʮ
ȻеٶȱȲЩĸǣʮľ룬ҶԶ˵ǿڵϱߣмҲҪϢΡ
ɴ˿ɼгֽͨߣȷŲٱ֮
֮ҶǼʶʲôк䳵Ȼ󣬵ǸʩһӦȫıɽˮ
ʵͬ޻һ֮УҶԵķ֮̾ҶԪЦŵҶˣгֻʦʸմĹ⣬Ҳлһˡ
ҶͷȷȻгȷʣҲǼƷ龧ʯһʮһ飬ʮһʮ
һʮӣֻǷʮݴۣڵҶҲãȻõĶֻ֮еλݵ˲ˣҶԪˣƽл
Ҷľȣ˳ԵþޱȵƽˣȻڴȺһ˵ĽͨǼöˡ
ȵҶ˳֮ҶԪȻԴĵ˳һְֻǰǸ̵Ķת֮䣬һӴ˲ӯᣬţһ΢֮£ض𣬸
𵱳쵤˴УгķУ֮𣬲û˿ĵ֮У½߻ҪƽȵĶࡣ
ڶİһ˾͵ִĿĵأһСɽȡ
Ϊ˶ҩĹƽԣһ㶷ҩĵص㲻ѡڸԵ֮УϾڸ֮ڵĵ¯ҲãҲãɵҩʦϤޱȣɵҩʦͻоɬӶӰ춯ҩ
ڵĵҩĻ˵¯ǵػĿƣ˭еأ
гڿеʱҶǿʶѾɽپۼʮˣЩ֮о󲿷Ҳǳĸֻ֣ӡġ
гЩȻҲİ֪еķйߣڹˣȻҶ֮߳˲Ϊ˷ͺλʦ֮⣬˶ûмҶ˳
˳ȻΪȺߣ֪Ҳ࣬ټҲǿ͵ͷ΢΢£ڳôˣ˭Ҳµʵݡ
Щ˸еȵǣΪʲôڵҩʦû˴ûмˣ
ΪζҩķˣȻ͵һְλʦЦӭȥΪû뵽Ҷ˾Ȼݹ٣εĶҩ԰ֻǵأ
ҶһЦе£ҪٵΪ˲λõȣȹλк
ʱ򣬷ѾĿ⿴ҶҶԪʣȻҲ뵽Ҷ᲻ҩʦ⣬ãȻһҡͷһĥҶ˵Ļôˣ
ʦЦ޷޷ҶˣΪλѡ
εĶҩᣬȻС͵ģҲɲμӣź⣬ҶҲ֪һɡ
ܹšͬһõģȻҲǲСɣʦѾҶߵ˵ǰ
֣Ѧ֣λεĵλˣҶҶˣ
ҶˣλǽɽׯĶ棬ԱλѦҲǲμӱζҩλҩʦ
ɽׯ֣ҶûʲôӦ˳Ĵȴ𣺡ʮڣȻʵ޼۹Ļɽׯ˵ǵڶǾû˸ϵһΪɽׯʹȺеƣǾǳҩʦ֮⣬ֻսߣ


284 ҩĹ
ߵкܶ࣬ʹõսҲǧ򻯣ǽ߾࣬Ҳߵһߣ
ҶԼ˵ȻҲܶ಻ͬսʹõĳ潣Ѫǽϸ˵ҲԻ뽣ߵķΧ
˶ڽߵĹҲġ
ӡĽȻΪ壬ǳĽߣǾˣһɾȻȫԽΪԱӣô֪ɵĹȷʮ־ˡ
ȻЩԾҶȴû¶˿ЦŹֵ
ѦԭҶȻҲǲϣǵȻڵĵλʱϲ΢΢ݡ
ȥμӶҩɵҩʦ֮⣬˴ɺһЩõϢɵˣȻϢҲŹųȥġ
ΪεĶҩʤʮþȵģȻϣк֤ܶʱ̣ͬʱҲ˺ݺݵһ١
˴˿׺һ֮󣬷˹ȻûеȻҪжҩˣôһǽȼ򵥵˵һ¡
ҶҲ˶䣬ţΪܹʱĻǻ˵ϲĻԼҪһ֮λҩʦԱҪ˽ʤĹؼ
ζҩǻǲնҩĹҲΪֻҪʤӮҪӮĲͷǾͱȫʤ
ڷ˵ʱ˳ҲڲͣôҶͣһ㶷ҩʵأ֮ʤӮֱǵä
вμӵҩʦÿͬһֵҩƳƷסҩЧʱʤ
äΪλͬһֵҩɵҩʦ۾ȫƾʶԽķʽҩĲ裬һĸɲμӵҩʦ࣬ĸɾռƣ˵ҩʦҲζλᣬɽׯҩʦλᣬֻһλᣡ
һǻսս˴˵ҩˮƽս˴˶ڵҩļսһóһζҩдĹܺͳɷ֣ˣȻȥ¡
ֱԵķʽ˵һ֮⣬ڶ͵ҶеʣȻҲ˵Ϊλôѹˡ
Ϊڶäȷʵͬ˳˵ĸɵҩʦԽ࣬ĸɾռơ
ҩȫ۾ɣѶʵ̫󣬶ֻҪ΢һôʧȥʸɸɵһλҩʦּƣֻһλҩʦôһξ͵ˣ
ҲζӲܼʱϵĻôҶԼҪ۾ķʽ˿ҩ̡
򵥣ȴǺѣΪƽʱƣˣȫƣäһϣȴûĻᣬ˾ʧܡ
ҶäеģǶȴһĶûУ
Ȼʶ˲ٵҩģҲḻ˲ҩ֪֮ʶκһֵҩҪ˵ĹЧͳɷ֣˵ʵڻ̫ˣ
һ˳Ҳûа취Ϊҩ֮ʱҪ뵽רŵĸ֮У˲μӵҩʦ֮⣬˸ܽ룬ȻҲû취ˣ
˳Ȼ֪ҶЦŰοһλҩʦܹ棬ûʲô취ˣҲõģֻҪӮҲûʲôǵòͷѣ
ʵȷˣҶ˵ζҩĲͷų𵤣ͬڱصã
˳ĵһ仰ȴһ֣ȵͽ˶ҩĹأ˸Իصɾۼ֮ҶȴǽĴתתܾ˵ͬ뿪ɽȡ
Ȼû˸ȵһû˵ĵط֮󣬰ź䣬İϧǰ
ʲô𣿡
İһ£Ѫܲڲ¶ºҽ
İϧԴɵĿҶҿԣ
ҲҶϵģΪİϧԶˡ
ڵõİϧ϶Ĵ֮ҶžͽԼҪ˵˳
İھҪһλҩʦܹڲ¶£ӴĵҩĳɷֺҩЧҡ
İϧüͷȻܹڲ¶ºҶҩʦ
ҪƶϳһֵҩĳɷֺҩЧɲǹͨģҪͨʶĸйۺжϡ
Ƭ֮İϧüͷչ˿˵ͷа취԰֪ǧ𣿡


285 
ǧ
ҶҡҡͷԼû˵
İϧޱĵʵҲһսս
껹רŵս
ǿģȻҲӦսȻ֪ҾͲˣ򵥵˵ǧǿҵ뵽굱УĿǰ϶ûдﵽεĵزֻҵʶʶʶдĶҲͬܣȻٽЩܸѪеҩʦǣǷҩĳɷֺҩЧ
ҶתתԽ˻ǧ˼ʵϾǽİϧʶһԼѪҩʦǣ
İϧ˼Ҷû뵽¼侹Ȼս̲ס˾䣺İΪﵽʲôˣ
İϧ¶һ˿ЦݵʵʩչսΪĹϵҵΪĿǰǳأѪǰΪˣ
أ
ԭҶΪȻһѺǳһصصķˣôΪ죬ǳصľ磬Ȼû뵽Ȼǳأֻһ֮ң
һҪʵǼΪѣ˵ӡ۳ǰһôǧһˡ
Ҷһͷ֪ˣİʩչǧҪʲô
Ҫ㳨ʶκεֿҵʶȥ
ɣ
Ҷ۾ͥѨ΢΢ԼʶѾͬһŴһ˿ǰľԾĳǰ
ͻȻ֮䣬һɫĹâһİϧͷɳҶĶƺˡۡһ죬ϹѾײԼʶϣͬˮһһɲ֮ˮ棬һǿҵϹ⣬Ȼʧ١
ⲢĻǧֻʶһס
Ҷ˵ûκεĸо֪ǧʩչֻ״̬İϧ˵ɾ޴˺
ûҶ۾İϧѾԺ֮𣺡ˣ
Ҷ۾һϹ֮ͫһţĵͷϽɽȷɱȥ
һҹų˵ĿⶼǼλɽϲҶϡ
Ϊڵٵ֮⣬ҶᣬȴΪڵλ˵ʵúܶ˶޷ܡ
Ȼÿ˺ĶҶΪ磬˭ʶҲ޷͸Ҷ֪ҶϸŵҲҶȥ˿Կ϶ҶͲᳬʮ֮⣬ҶһУա
ǰҶ˽ķ͵ˣ˵УΪҶλҩʦ
ˣվߵɽȵ룬Ѿе߲ú˸󷨡
Ȼÿ˶󷨣˵Ŀ֮£ҲԲֽš
һߵ󷨵ǰ棬ĳλʦ֮⣬һ뷢԰׵ߡ
ɽׯĶѦҲǵվȻתҶ
ɫĵۣڳҫ֮£ҫֻۣЦĶҶҶˣʱѵڵҩʦûг֣չأֻȨȻεĶҩᣬˡ
˵ע֮£ҶŲæվתͷһܣȷǲ֮ܳŻعͷˣ¶һ޺ЦݵȨںû˵ҩʦֻеһ˰ɣңҶҲҩʦ
˵֮ҶǵߵԱߣţɽׯԶվ
ɽ֮һļžÿ˵Ŀⶼ׷ҶΣֱҶ֮ͣȫһƬȻ֮
Ҷҩʦ
Ͳʮ꣬ͳΪ˵ʮ֮һڵĵλ˵˾Ȼҩʦ
Ŀɱ˵ĻôҶԪѾ͵Ŀɱˣ
ͶݺݵĵҶԪʣҪϢȻûиԼ˵
ʱҶȻҶԪʵ˵ͷЦĴԪʣ㣬Ĳȵȥ֮һ㣡
˶Ҷ˵仰˼ֻҶԪʱ𾪵ʱɷޱȣ촽£ſҪ˵Щʲô̫ȴһֶ˵
Σͬλʦ۴ɱĵҶԪʡ
ȻǳɹҶ仰˼
֮ҵڣûˣõӲμӶҩᣬΪǴҶԪõ˿϶Ϣ³쵤֮⣬ֻеһλҩʦ
ΪԷһ͵˸Ǽٽ֮ǰڣҶԪȷһΡ
ˣǲŻ֣Ŀľñŵҩʦڵĵ
ȻҶһ仰ȴǶȻ䡰˹һʵ϶ҶԪʹڵĸ߲µľ֣ԼŸ˽ȥ
ȻǶҶԪǺ֮ˡ
ҶԪŲҰ׵ҶзһЦԼзƿǴЧˣڵʰ㣬ŵȥԸ㣬ҵҪʦ棬ʦŵˣʲô³
Ҷͷûת꣬ͻȻҶԪʵɫƬ֮侹Ȼͻָƽͺʲô¶ûзһԼ˵ͷʾл
ҶԪ˵ķҶﲻһѵ˵һﻹʲô̲ɣ
ûиҶ˼ʱ䣬վڷߵλ׷ߺȻڣҩԿʼˣ


286 ٻ
λߵȻȴɹĴÿ˵ĶУ˴ӻȻ֮оѹͺ;ʦҲջĿ⡣
ȻҶ֪ιλҩʦμӶҩᣬǳ˷ͺ;ʦ֮⣬治֪λҩʦݡ
˳Ѿ߽л׾ƷߵƷҩʦΪɹƳһʧҩҲС
Ҷ˵ͷʾ˽⣬Ȼл׾ӦþζҩԼǿĶˡ
л׾Լɹ˵ע⣬һ˿ײĵɫŵλζҩǱŷģĿľΪ˺ڣɽׯͬڵҩʦдһҩ˼
һ˵ǹûʣ˵жŵĿĶղɽׯҲ⡣
Ϊܹܣڳɹļ˲μӶҩֺ֮ͽɽׯʱͬˣ˫ֶԸڣܹʤôžͻɽׯһĺô
˵ˣɵλҩʦͬԸڵһλҩʦ˵
ȻڵλҶҲҩʦ˾㵽ˣڣҩʽʼ
л׾£ΧΧ˶ʱһҵĺȲ֮Ȼ󲿷ֵŵˡ
л׾˻֣Ȳ֮ʱƽϢȥл׾ĵͷҶϴһ˿ĳҶˣǼƷҩʦ
һƷҶ̹Ȼĵ
ʵҶҪֳƶƷҩˣ˳ȴһֱɾǣҩΪʱ磬ȻйһƷҩľ;һƷҩ̫򵥣ҩӶƷʼƵѶȾ࣬ĿǰҪĻǴԽԽΣɹĿԲŻ
ҶĻشһ󲻴Сĳл׾ϵĳӵԵȻһƷҷȰҶ˽컹ǲҪμӵĺãΪնҩĹأƵĵҩǶƷģ
ҩᲢܲμӵҩʦƷףҪƵĵҩɳǩǩȻ׼õģ涼ǶƷ
ΪһƷ̫򵥣ҩʦ˵һƷʱ䶼Ƿǳ죬׳ƽֵ󣬶ƷƵʱ̫ȸ½ÿһεĶҩ⣬˽¼ɾеСͶҩᣬ϶ѡƶƷ
ҲΪˣμӶҩģԼֻһƷĻҲǶƷҩʦ
ҶԾ΢ЦŵƷȻûƹҲ˽㣬ҼȻˣôҲҪԿһأ
ĿǰֻҪȸ½еĶƷĵҶѾˡ
л׾ٴЦĿҶȻҶдˣȻҲôΪʾƽҶ˳ǩɡ
˵䣬һŵĵһǩͲ˹Ҷ־ͳһǩŵǰٻ𵤡
ҩƵĶƷ϶ǳģżҲŵģٻȻڳõ֮һʱڲ档
ȻҲܹл棬ҩЧĲͬԵĻҲͬ
ƵҩȷɵҩʦȻ˸֮Уÿ˶ԼĿռ䳾ͳҩֻҶǰǿһ
˵ĿٴμеҶϣл׾̲סһЦҶˣò׼ҩɣ
ѵ𣿡ҶЦеķʵ
Ҷҩõҩ߶ֻƷԸãұöҩÿҪӵϤͷ㡣
ҪƴҩĻȻö¯ҩֻҪƳһţҶҲ鷳ˡ
Ȼԣ
ֹڵл׾ˣΧΧ۵ˣҶȻҩ׼ƵΪҲе˲˼顣
˳֮⣬ȴûһ˿Ҷ
ܸղҶҩʦʱǸ𾪣һһƷҩʦҾȻҩûУҩжأ
ԣ˶Ǳſֵ̬עҶ׼γġ
͵ҲûǰĽţͬҶССΪͨѵҩ֮Ҳо˵츳
ʱŵĵӽƱٻҪĲϷֱ͵˵ߣл׾һʼҶ֮ˣѾͬʱӳһŻǸԵĶ¯֮¡
˵ʵҶҲеţΪϾһƶƷҲûʮİգԾ̬Ӷ֣жɲ˿и
֮ҲͬʱջӶͿһѶѵҩķ֮С
ȻʱȻͷһףѦ;ʦҲ̷֮л׾Ҳ⡣
Ҷ̲סɨһۣȻ֣ÿǰ¯֮ԭȼյĻ棬Ȼ𽥵ıͺͶͷųĻ棬ȫϨˣ


287 ׳Ƴ
ҩʦٿصĻ澹ȻҪϨһĻȸ½ǴͻС͵ĶҩϻûгֹȻΧ˷׷׽ͷӶ֮ȫ⵽ôˡ
ֻ˳ҶðϺɫ棬¶˾ϲɫԭĻ澹Ȼ𣬿ҴȺĸˣ
˳ҶѾദµʱ䣬Ĳ֪Ҷӵ飬ҶҲ֪ͬ˳ҩʦƷס
ʱվ˳ҶԪȻ˳˵Ϊͬ˻û壬ԥһº̲סСʵǰ֪ô𣿡
˳Цŵ˷ŵȣͬΪŵȣҶӵеĻΪ鼶˵Ļ˵Ǹ߸ϵһЩоĴڣﻹȼգ
ҶԪ㶺󣬺ɵʵѵ˵˵Ļ棬ηҶ˵Ļ棿
ˣ
ȻĻ棬鼶ҲӵĵλЩҩʦӵеĻ棬͵ȵȻǰֻܹԹԸ׳Ƴﻹȼأ
ҶҲһͷˮܿϾ¶ȻɫΪѾʶںһİϧĽ͡
ȻİϧﲻҩʦʶҶΪһ壬ҶһȫǸͬܣǾͽɻѯѪеҩʦţӶõ˴𰸣תҶ
ԭҶ̬ͱһɨ˵٩ôλҪҰɣɲأǻǹƽҩȻҲʤ֮䣡
ڶп˵ǵļʶȫ⵽ô£ﻹʱҶԶƴĴ߶ϣܹÿҪϨĻµȼ
ûл棬ʲôҩ
ҶҲûȥ٩ǣǹ⽫θߣһ˵Ļ澹Ȼ˲Ϩ
˼ԼĻϾĹ̵УҶѾɹ˱ٻ𵤵ƣ͵͵Ѫ֮Ѫñٻ𵤴ﵽ˼ȵƷף΢΢һЦϨеĻ棬˳˸󷨣һƨɾ˵ϣϾעˡ
˳֮ͻȻ֮ԭ޷ȼĻ棬ʱȻ漣ȼ
ȻڶԼµ˸ղŵӦҶĹǾл׾˶Ҳ֤ݣǿɶǳĸ֣ҪҶжֽţֲܷˣֻʱЩ׵ԺרĵĿʼƵҩˡ
һ֧ʱ֮˱ٻ𵤵ƣ׷˳˸󷨣Ҷվϲλˣ
ﻹа̬֮ΪʱĻҶʤˣֻϣҶƳıٻ𵤵ҩЧԼģǾͻлʤĿܡ
ҩЧĲԱȽϼ򵥣Ū棬Ȼ󽫵ҩֱͶУٻʱ
ŵĵѾøɲȼһѣȻֻͨĻ棬ȼĶԻȼգ¶Ҳǲ͡
Ҷ˸Ƶɣ
ͼҧгݵĿҶһȻӦõһ
ҶһЦͣҵһĻôҲûвԵıҪˡ
˿ĻȻΧ˷֮ɫһ䣬뷢ʦȴһǰҾשɡ
˵ֱ֮ӽеıٻӽǰĻѡ
űٻ𵤵ӽԭн׸ߵĻ棬ͻȻԷ˿ٻΧԲ֮ڶû˿ĻȼգȻ˱ٻЧ
ٻڱٻͬʱҲڻۻţ˽֮󣬱ٻʧֿĻϡ
Ⱥ֮д֮̾еƷװ
ʦ¶ŵЦݣ˹ֵЦˡ
˾ʦĴͷҲҶˣ̵Ľеıٻ֮С
ĽǳѦıٻʧ֮⣬˶Ƴɹл׾Ƶıٻ𵤵ҩЧߣٻʱﵽһ̶ӣΪƷϵȡ
л׾Ҳ¹ЦݣҶҶˣڿɸֵˣǼʶһƳıٻ𵤵ҩЧɣ
ҶҲúǳѿ֮ˣ˵ͷ֮󣬾ͽеıٻ˲ԶǸѡ
ȫʮ˫۾ע֮£ٻڿлһߣȻûеѣͿȼŵĻٿһϨˣ
ʱٻ𵤲ۡһ죬Ƕûһĸɲ֮ϣζ֮󣬾ֹ


288 ä
һƬһļž֮󣬷ͻȻ˳ָҶıӵ͵͵Ϩ˻档
ĸ֣ҪշϨһͨ棬ȷǷǳɵ飬޷ҶƳıٻ𵤾Ȼ˾ҩЧ£ͲŻôһڡ
˵ʵڷ͵ɣڳ˶ǲŵģΪҲɵӣҶϨĻȻĲʮλܻûио
ֳ֮£˭ҲվΪҶ˵ֻǱŹ̬ȣעҶ׼͡
ҶɴЦݣЦ֮ȴѾ͸¶һ
ڷЩŵˣһøжûУΪ˴ֿǣͽһһˣ;Ȼö֮ĿҶҲˡ
һ̤иղŻЦͬҶͻȻʧˣȡ֮һɢޱɷħ
µǣɷ֮УЩʶȽǿ߾ȻоѪζͰ
Ǵ̱ǵѪζİÿܵ˶ǲ
ɽ֮УٴһƬţղŻڶҶķ͸Ϊ׵壬ҶɢɷͬʱؿھǱһ󴸸һ㣬̲סŵŵš˳岽ԶǿվһţȴһѪ
Ҷ˫źעҶĺ
ƾͽصķ͸ˣһĻ˶ɵˡ
ʲôƣʲôΪӵеģ
һʮˣܹģ
ʱŵľʦӲǳĪѹſڵҶˣֻƢ˵㣬ðϢŭһҩ䡣
ֳ֮£ʦĿҶе⣬һۣаȻǸѹܹΪŵľʦֻ֪ļһǿ˰ٱ
һЦɽȵɷʱɢ˶̲סĳ˿ɽׯĶѦ˶һۺڵһҩǽɽׯҲ䡣
ҶƳıٻ𵤣ҩЧ֮ǿͨ涼ҪϨȻӹɵĻʤ
ҶͷĿƶл׾ϵл׾ڶԿʼˣ
ӽɽҶһֱǾ͵ȻѾڳ˿̬ȻջȥԵյĶл׾
ʵ˵ݣҲȷʵʸôټϸղչ¶ǿʵл׾Ǹŭԣֻĵڶäʼ
ȻҶǩҶҲָһһǩֱӷɵл׾ǰл׾ֽӹʧ굤
ʧ굤һܹǵĵҩȻûʲôãΪƷȽϸӣԻֵ˶ƷķΧ
äȻʶȻҪƵĵҩҲҪֱ۵һṩѡĵҩҪҩĶǼࡣ
ʧ굤ܹҪҩģÿҩĵķǺ٣ָֻҪһ㣬Ϥˣ۾һܹѡõ˵۾ˣѶȼ
äȻΪλôȻͬʱƣһˣոҩʦϳţǽɽׯҶȻ
ŵһ󷨵ľȻǷͣҲҶʶԭǸʦ˼ǿͣҩƷҲӦñȷǿߵ˳Сѯʵ֣Ǹʦ˽𣿡
˳΢΢ü£žʦֻ֪Ʒҩʦ治ǷҵˣȻܹΪŵľʦͳȻ˲֪֮
ҶͷԼȷʵһֱ£պҪúˡ
͵˫Ѿһ񲼰ϣǰűİڷźֲϣҪͨʶЩ֮ѡʵķ
;ǷǳʮܳΪƷҩʦȻҲʵϵģĶȻеû˿ʧѡҩġ
ҩΪ˿ӣֻҪָ׸ǴСһ㣬ٵģȻҲʶġ
͵վֹþòȻòˡ
֮֮ϷһСƬ˿ӣҶϾ¶Цˣ
ȻƬ˿͵֮΢΢һҲо˲ԣԸժϵĺ񲼣վ˳󷨡
ʧܣ


289 ɱ
һԲĽͣ˸󷨣Ϻ̼֮ѡҩġ
Ҷäҩʦ˵ȷռмˣǰͬŵʧȫΪҩʦṩľ顣
ä˶ʶҩĿ֮⣬ҩʦľҲͬһֿ顣
ľģҩˮƽٸߣҲԻʤǿѹʧȥԭе侲жȻ׵ʧܣɵһλҩʦ
Ҷֻһλҩʦɸ˵ˣҶľĻһûвμӵıҪˡ
ҶľǼΪǿģһڻɵġغ쳾֮ѾԿˡ
¸ղϸĿ˷͵ÿһȻ׾ٵľҶ˿ӵķĲ裬Ҳɵһţûٳ˿ĲɹƳʧ굤
ʧ굤УŵڱĽк֮Ȼղŷ͵ʧܿǵĶ߸·ǳȻһеҩ裬֪ĵ˷ˡ
л׾ҲͷȻûϳҲȻһä׶ΣƷҩʦҲܻʧܡ
ɫǷǳƽ߳󷨣еʧ굤߸߾ȫչʾһ֮ųŶ֣ǿԿʼˡ
һϳȻɹҩĵѡںֲϵʱȴǳʧ󣬺ڽϳѦҲɹ˵ҩơ
ȻɽׯҲʧʱı˻
źͽɽׯѾɹ˵ڶäֵҶˡ
ҶҲܳɹɵĻôȻбȽʧ굤ҩЧӶյĻʤߡ
ȻҶľʶǼΪǿ󣬵ֻ֮£ҲģϾû棬ʧǾζڵܡ
˿˵Ŀ֮УҶĸ󷨣۾֮Ҷǰȴǳһɫ硣
粢ʮǶҶ˵ȴѾ̫㹻ˡ
֮Ҷ£ûż̿ʼƣʶ֮ڵҩȫɨһ顣
˴µķִ֮Ҷڳˣ
Ҷʼҩʱ򣬷ѾյµߣʦⳡӮĻζҩᣬſɾͳ׵ˣϽ취
¶Цʲô취ϾڶҩῪʼ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪Ȼҩʦûκ׼
ȷεĶҩᣬȻµһȦף֮ǰΪֻһӣԼɳҩʦƷҩʦﻹҪʲôر׼
˭Ҳû뵽ͻȻðҶȴǴеһУԭζҩȲʤȯŷˡ
ۿҶѾɹҩĵѡȡҿʼۺϣ˳۳ɵҩĻڶäҲǹˡ
ڼʶ˸ղҶƳıٻ𵤵ҩЧ֮źͽɽׯҩʦжһӰŲõԤУǾҶֻҪҩƳɹôҩƷ׾ԻԼĸߡ
µҲʧȥԭеƽȻǶΪҶԪʵĵǼȻѾˣھҪ취Ӯ
Ϊ֮ԼεĶҩˣŵҩʦԽ쵤ĵĻóͷų֮⣬ŴӴ֮ÿҪ͸쵤һų𵤣ֱʮΪֹ
ʮų𵤣ʲô
Ҳ͵ʮλĸ֣
κһպʮλ֣ʵӵһʲôز
ͬҲζŽʮλ֣˳֮£ʮ֮źܿܽ޷ڵʮ֮У
ۣ˵ʵ̫ˣεĶҩᣬֻӮ䣡
µĸֳһ˿ɱ⣬Ȼתͷл׾ͷͣͬʱ˵λҶҪɹˣⳡӮ˵ĻοɾͿˣǾԲӮ
ͼæӦô죿
ڣֻһ취
ʲô취л׾Ҳʵ
ɱ
ɱл׾ͷͼͬʱг˰ɣζҩҲ֪Ҷˣ˾Իűģɾִˡ
³ҵȻɱӮεĶҩᣬôǾʮ֮Żʸڵʮ𣿵ǸʱڿԸ׵ǡ
˶٣½ŵ˵˾뱨ҲҪ֤ݣɽ֮УܹʮˣбźͽɽׯʮˣڵˣɵʮˣֻҪܹʮȫɱٻʬ𼣣Ǿûһ֤ˣ
ͺл׾ٴαµĻ𾪵ˣԭֻҪɱҶȻɽ֮гźͽɽׯ֮ȫɱ
ͻȻ֮䣬һƬ޴óɽȵϿգһԤʾӰˡ


290 İϧ˼
л׾ͷ˳һ֮󣬲ԼͬĽµƻΪͬζҩʧܽʲôĴԾɱͬҶڵɵʮ˵ȷеðգΪţֻˡ
ʮ˶ʮˣô㣬ʵĲ඼ǺԵġ
ƺ˻ģ͵һ˵˿϶Ҷɱˣҵ˳֤ݣҲĶԱŷΪҶġ
Ϊʲô
ΪǱˣҶֻڵˣ൱ڳһڵĵӣңںͱʵ޼ɴĻҲǸܾ˵ľ棬ΪһѾĳϣǾ˻˵һǧ˰˰ٵὫǧӵΪȥΪҶ𣿡
ʮ֮䣬ÿɶ뵱ϴ󣬾ʮǺƽദȴҲٲ˹ĶǣΪʵʵ޼û˭һҶ˭Ҳ𲻵˭ֻֻǣƵķʽͬ
ĻȥŶĽɶִһͱڣʱںܾܿͻᱻڸֶʳ֮ʧ
ˣֻҪеӣ;ԲΪҶȥģıţǺų׾ѡ
͵ãģڶ֮ǰǲҪȺͽɽׯã
µͷģͺ˵
תͶѦ˽̸֪µ뷨֮˵ܾǴæģɲΪ¶ںɡ
粻֮ĹƻԼԭҪĺôջ֮£ټҶᣬȴɲֵĴڣҲǸевǻǴӦˣ
ɵλҩʦͿʼ´øµĵӣھȻӽҶ֮ʮˣȵʱ죬֣ʮˡ
ҶȻԸˣ
µļƻȷ˵޷죬Ҳ˳䲻⣬ʤǸҶĻһȺڵ˳
ıԣ˳㲻ǿҲԲΪղҶµѯʣҲ˸ۣʱµΪ
ôķʽ˽̸ʱ˳ʶ˲ԾʮӵƶȻѾСģȻˡ
ţҲȻʰΧ֮ȻλеҶۼ˹ȥ
Щƶ·źͽɽׯ˳̾ͲµǵļƻҪɱˣ
ĿǰԼҶ˵ȷǷǳʮ˶Ըʮˣȫûʤ㡣
ô죿
֪ͨʮһˣ
У
ʮһУӡߣ֪Ϣһһ֮£¶ţһûãܻǰ֡
ʱ˿̣˳ɫѾзĳһļƻȴֱԼһ
˳Ŭ˼ŶԲߵʱרҶȻİϧЩԣ
ôԣҶ˼Ӧš
ɽ֮еĴ󲿷˶ʼȻƶҩʦҲ㿿
ȻҶʶʼȫĳ֮Уǲʶ֮еİϧʶȴ¹İϧﳾصʵټϳһȵȻĲ˲Ծ
İϧѣҶеĵҩҲѾҪƳɹԷֳһʶ⡣
Ȼ˵λö˱仯˸ѾԼΧ˵˳һҲȻƶΣԼ߿£
ҶٱҲ֪ҪʲôˣΪֻҪԸԼȴû뵽ǻҪɱʮˣʮһϵûУ
Ȼ¶һСµļƻҶȴû˿ĵģΪΪǿ̡
Ҷź񲼵¶һЦͬʱԺ֮зİ鷳֪ͨǣ׼
ҶһѪĴڣòҪ֪
ҶȻ֪㣬Ҳû취ҴֻԲʮֵĶֵģֻܽǵ
İϧĬһŽŵûҵ˼֮⣬ʣʮˣӦòѺͬţôҪѪĴڲ֪Ļõİ취ǡ
Ȼİϧûм˵ĻҶȴһ֮˼
ҽʮȫɱ


291 
İϧûֱӻشҶ⣬ίĵһеȻֻķʽ뿪Ѫʮˣû˿ġ
㲻İϧͣҶҲõ˵һезˣֻжħһˣɱεöҲܲѴ֮ɽ֮ڵˡ
ֻҶ²ģ
ŵˣټҶԪʣҶǿԺԥɱģˣɽׯڣҶ޳ԹʵڲӦ
Ҷ֪ļƻĻͻᷢºİϧ˵뷨ʵӱ˵һµġ
ΪԼ棬ȫ˵
ˣҶѾˣԼҲеĵɴߵСڣ
ֻʮʵ޷Լúһ⣬ҲҶǿŴӵ֮ӵе
Ƭ֮ҶȻԼ̬ȣİ׼һᾡܵĲ˷ѪĴڵģ

ҶʲôѡİϧΪһ죬ȻĽ
ͬʱµҲżҵĽ̸žʲôʱ֣µ˼ھ֣Ѧȴǿҷԡ
ΪҶʧ굤ûƳɹ֮ǰڲ֪ʧ굤ҩЧ֮ǰźͽɽׯпӮζҩĻᡣ
ȻǴӦͬŵĺǲ򲻵ѵʱȻԸϾɱƽ޹ʵɱԼûκͻʮˡ
µһ˿Ϊɽׯͬ٣Ի᲻ϧһд۽ɽׯҲ֮ϣĻȫ
Ŀǰ£ĺͽɽׯҲ˺ĻôĽֺܻܿԸţۺϿ֮£ֻѡͬ˶ǵҪ󣬵ȵڶäĽ˵
ڣڸ˼˵ע֮£Ҷ˳ʧ굤ƣϨеĻ棬˺ϵĺ񲼣ӸгͬʱѾ˳еĴ
һ֮󣬾ҶȻûб飬ȴˣ
ô죿
Ҷ밴İϧ˼ٻһеˣɱԼ˳֮ˣסˡ
˳һͷʾԼ֮ҶЦߵµǰѾ˵ҩǲҪȽһҩЧˣ
ĬĬĵͷǵģǾҶչʾɣ
Եȣ
Ҷ˿Χ˵İΧǵߵ˳ߣѹ֣ˣ²ֻ֣ɱŵˣ鷳⡣
˵֮ҶһָҶԪʴ
ҶԪ΢΢һ㶣˹ȥҶˣʲô£
Ҷеʧ굤ҩЧȻҪиһ£Ҳţֻˡ
֮ԣҪҶԪҩ
ҶԪ¶ڨЦҶˣ²װɣǶڵˣƳҩԣñ˻ȴͨˡ
ҶһЦ۾ΧһȦ˭һɣ
򵥵ĸ֣ʱԭеŵձøӵأû˸ʱ򿪿ڣҲ촽գĶҶ
ҶԪҲסˣΪҲܾˣӲ˵ǿ·ϵĴ
ȻҶ΢΢һЦ˵ҲеΪķڷɣ£ŵľʦƷҩʦҾͽŵҩ㣬ҩЧ
˶еɻˣҶҪʲôһҪҶԪҩһȥҩ
֪Ҷʱ䣬˳취
½ӹҶӹʧ굤ҲԼƵʧ굤˹ȥǾ͸ɴһ˰ɣ
һʧ굤µУ̯ģ˶ܿʧ굤
ʵҩǼ򵥵ͨ״ɫ͵ҩζ²ҩʦҲһۿҶƵǿʧ굤磬Ź󰵵ֻζʧ굤ǿʵ̫࣡
תͷ˶ѦͬʱȻλǲǿԶˣ
ڶäȻҲҶʤεĶҩᣬڵӮʤ
Ѧһ֮˵ͷˣ
˵仰ͻȻЦһգ̯ʧ굤ȫ˷ĩ
һĩƮ˿УһָҶҶɣ
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Ҳ֤ʵİϧĻǶԵģǾµһӡûܹԼȻȳظֵǿʵҪ鷳ĹʲԸԼȫֱӳֽԼ򵹣ȻԼ뿪
ȻôĿģΪҶҲŨȤҶҲܹ³Ҫ֪ģӦþԼղŴѪ֮ٳЩ˵
ʱҶȻԿû©ļٻ˹ȥµĽƻӣȻš
Ҫ֪Ѫܣԣǰһ̣ҲһĴ󷢵ĸ㣡
ҶȻ̧ͷգ췢һХ
Х֮ͣ˿Ѹٵ˫ӿȥģǰٴγŹֵķš
²ִ֮䲼ó󷨣ʵһ㶼ӣٲ԰еҲȫûпɱԣҶѨĴ̼֮£˫֮кܿͿһ֮·׵ľ󷨵ķΧ
ÿһξȻǶһ龧ʯӦ˵龧ʯƬһĿƬһ򵥵󷨡
ҶָĿƬ̼仯ΪУʱĶҲһŲ֮˳̳֮С

ͬķ˺֮˴˻һۣȻﶼ֣ΪʲôԷҶĳƺԼһ
ǣҶѯʾܲ³ɽĽԽֻǵ˵ͷ㽫Ŀתʧķ
û°ɣأ˳ѯʵ
ڣҶɣҲ׷ˡ
Ҷƽĵˡ
ˣ˳üͷһε¿¾е鷳ˡ
ģӦǲٻˣҾŵ֪ǸɵģҲûеǵ鷳ϾǺͽɽׯ⼸һֵġ
µ⣬˳ܹҶĻв³ȻЩ飬ȻҶ˵ȻҲȥѯʣǸʲô֪ˡ
һ󼱴ٵĽŲѪеҲ׷˹ҶΪ˱˳ģǵͷлˣ鷳ȵԶң
Щ˸ǿ˾ϼһټ뿪Ѫ֮ǰİϧҲǣҪܵıѪܣǶҶĻᣬǵĴ뿪ˡ
עǵıӰ˳ͷβһֶûѯʣҲҶǳ⣬治ǴȺڵң
ȵѪȫ뿪֮󣬽ɽׯɵҲˣ֮ԭȻæʬ𼣵Ĺ
˵ǰ˳һȭ˵˳ȴѾվҶҼл˵ɣ
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ǰ˶Ҷеɻʱ˺Ĵˣ˼ȸ½һɴȺڵôӵ˵ĳɾͣȻʮˡ
ֻΪʲôȺڵΪڵˣȻе޷⣬ȴ϶պҪҲùϵ
˳һ仰ΪڴĺôԼδǵġ
ǰҶֺѣҶȻΣȴҲֻһһ
һֽ֮ҶҲ֪ĳ˲μӶҩ֮⣬ɵˣֱȸۣӺͻʨɽˡ
ȸۺͬΪʮڣʨɽȻħʮڣ
Ҳ⣬Ȼħ߲޺ͷܣڶҩϣȴǸʲô͵ߡ
Ҷں˴кͬʱһɨȺȻ֣ҶԪʾȻˣ


298 ǵ
ԴҶԺ󣬾ûעҶԪˣȻɱҶԪʣҲ֪Լ֮⣬˳֪ҶԪͽ£ôȻҲ˶ˡ
ȥأ
˳Ҷƺˣһ֮£Ȼ˭æҳ֮ǰҶԪʳгȥΪ֪ص㣬Ҫһ
ҶͷɲϣҶԪʳ͵͵뿪Ļպ󲻴ҵõȥţµ˵
ҶҲǷΪɵæлллľ֮
Ҷ˳£ɽׯôľˡ
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ˣлһȥҶĵ
ո£ȸ۵һλ۵ĺ˹ҶҶĻҲ˵ˣȸ۵ĴԶΪҶ
һεεŮ𣺡ҶǵǻʨɽɣǻʨɽĵȻȲڵģҲһζʱСŮһΪҶ򵼡
˵һλһ˵һ߶Ҷۡ
ҶĿҪмܲסˣҿ˳˹˼򵥵Ľ̸˼֮ͽǸˡ
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ҶڰֵҩҪֳʤ̸ðλˡ
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ĳ˼֮ҶѾźԼȥ顣
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ȻˣҲӦòˣôǼҪ£ԼϧԸҶԪ飬ȻҲˡ
үүİȫ˱֤ôԼͿ԰ĵ뿪ڣȥμ㸸׵磬ȻҸطȵһ֮ʱǰȪ·ȳԼĸף
˾֮ҶҲʱһ£վ˳ҲվȴҶֹˣһ£ȥҿҶԪʣ
˳˵ԼҲȥҵģǻȴʶʲôʲôҲû˵ֻЦŵ˵ͷ
ҶԶȥȻȥҶԪʣĿȴҪѪջѪ
ƾźѪ֮ϵҶ׵ľҵˣһһͻѪֻ֮ʣǵʱǺȻеŤĿڵңҡ
Ҷ΢΢ȵĿǣʵû뵽ֱֱȥļһȻŤʱ˵ĽͰ͵ġ
ǣлֱ˵ѵҪʲôɻ𣿡
ԼԴͰ͵ĵǸǸղţİϧǲǣǲʩչ˻ǧ
ǰҶͷȻҪ˵ʲôܲܿ˵
ǺȻһҧصһţ˵֪״̬ʩչǧǺ飬Ѫ˵걾ʹİϧ϶ԪˣҲ궼ָܻңܲ鷳㣬鷳һö굤
ǵĻҶٴһ㶣ȻҲ˸ղİϧ΢ż뿪Լʶʱı֣
Ĳ֪ԭİϧʩչǧԼ˺İϧﾹȻһ㶼ûԥľʹӦԼԼ˵Ҳһֶ飬ԼȻܲܡ
û⣬ҵȴ֮̿ʼƶ굤Ҷ֣صĵ
Ǹƺܸ֮ܲң͸
ţ֮ͻȻźƣҶ׹ˣԭһϲİϧﰡ
Ҷ¶΢Цͷû⣡
ǶʱЦտĳҶϹл˰
˻֣ͻѪ֮ҶĶ䶯˶̧ͷгӿԼ߷˹
ҶԪڻˡ
ҶЦһ£ת˳ȴȻٴ̧ͷгɹķһ⣡
ղ¾Ǵߵģ


299 ź
гӿл£ҶԪ֮ɫĴ˳˳Ҷ֮ϽʱһɨգҳһҶˣҺû£ղſˡ
ҶԪ黹˵ʮֵȻҶѾ֪ͽ飬¸κεĻɡ
ڣҶҶԪȴһԲҶԪҲĻڣɫһҶˣղų̫ңҵΪ̫ͣҾͼг뿪ɽˡ
ʵǺҶԪֻʮӡߣô೾ֵս֮Уȫһڻң֮ʻгܵУȷǱһð취
ҶջĿ⣬΢΢һЦûʲôĶԣˣѾˣǸϽȥɣ֪үү쵤ûС
ǣһг֮ҹϻ쵤壬ԾûлȻҲûѯйζҩ顣
˳ҶԪʶ֧֮ҶԻصԼķ䣬˷š
ȻѾΪԼг˰ţЩ飬Ҫúõһ룬ͷ
ǹҶԪʵģԭͨϵ͵ҶֻΪҶԪǵõŵĺôԱڣԴǰҶԪʼʻгķȻߵķһµʱкȻԼһ²⡣
ҶԪʵʱǲȥ¼أ
ӸҶԪƾ飬˵˵ֻ֪ǸҶҰ˸Ӵ򲻵һ޵ȴҲ֪ϢǴӺδ֪أ
һֱҶɻ
ѾԿ϶޵źܴĹϵ޵ΪһƾץԼĸףҶԪٺʲôϵĻôɻ󣬾һĽˡ
ܵӸҶԪƾܣҶԪΪӵĴӣΪҶԪʦ֣ȫп֪͵͵¡
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ڣֻҪܹ֤ҶԪĺ޵йϵôе϶ܴһˣ
⣬ҶԾ벻ס
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⣬ҶʵԼҶҵĹϵֻ˳ҲûҪȥŪûһøУڸǿ˵ǳΪ޵ҪʲôͼıĻͲÿ£
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˼ãҶʲôҲûֻʱŵһߣ׼ȥҶԪʣ֤һԼĲ²Ƿȷ
Ҷ֪ҶԪʼΪƻԼôֱȥʣ϶ϣҪõİ취˵ʵ
ȻڴʱҶĶȻһһĺХ֮Ϊķʵ̫Զʮ֪˹ƶû
ҶƿţȻ֮ϣһɫĹâըһҫ۵Ļ滨䣬ڵҹԵ쳣ҫۡ
Ҷ΢΢ü첻겻ڵģôڷ̻
Ȼ˳ȴͻȻĶ𣺡ڵźţӦˣҪҪȥȣ
˳ĽҶʱȻ򣬶иǽһ뵽˷źŵ˿ɾǵӣ
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ҹ֮ͻȻֵźţȻпڵӣ뵽ҶҲ˲ú˳кˣһ·Ѿһ磬ըķ˳ȥ
ҶȥͬʱһɫӰӽٶ֮죬ȻҶҪϼ֡


300 һ
ҶȻ֮أϰʱܵʶȴǸо˸Լ󣬲ԼԽԽĺɫӰӡ
˺ǣ˭ٶأ
ʱ为бҶԪİΣĵĶҪˣò׳˵Ҿ쵤廹ôԶȻԸֱӻָԭΣҶ׷˳ȥ
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ϧԼɣȻĻֱӷɹȥ
ȻҶٶѾˣԾɲ⡣
ȷɽȻܹе𣬵ǲͺܽҶҪȴ쵤µ̫ɽɽţȻɽ·ͨλá
ɵĻȫֱӴӿзɹȥϾֱ֮߾̵ģ
Ҷ̫ɽµʱ򣬺ȻǰȻһӰҲڷٵķȥ
Ӱʶڸճ񣬳䵱һְӣȻҲ𣬶Ϊסɽ£ԲҶǰ档
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Ӳ֪ӳȥҩ飬ôһ˵ҶȴԿ϶źǵӷģһͷã֣ߣ
ߡֳڵʱӾͿһһڣӰӣͬһ㣬嵽Լǰ棬Һܿʧˡ
ٶȣ̾Ϊֹڣλ֮⣬ҲûܸϵҶͺˡ
Ҷȫ񱼣ٶ֮죬һȫĲӰɵֱߣƬ֮䣬Ѿλá
˻ûҶĶѾ˽ײ֮ͳصĴϢ֮ûв´ĻȻڷźŵˡ
Ҷٴ۵糸㣬ڸϵĿĵء
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ҶĿһתڿǰ
ǰĸڻս֮УΧмʧµĵӣ˿ʮֵǱͷɢң·Ƴ鲼ŴССʮ˿ڣеѾɺԣеȻڵѪڽ֮ҲѪ
վŵˣӵòʲôر֮˸׳˶֮⣬·ȴԵüΪ֣ɫޣ졣
Ҳûʲô˺ۣ·Щط˺ˡ
˶Ƿ糾͵ӣѲ³Ǿһ·Ӧ׷һˡ
ȻΪҩʦڹ΢㣬ôҲسܽƵǱĳ̶ȣԷ˵ʵҲǺ޼
ۿѾǾ͸֧֧穣᧿ΣҶȻ˿ŭʶ鿴Ϊʱ䶼ûУһ潣һĨʺ죬˺ɨȥ
ҶȻ֪ԼʵǿһһĻеκһһûʮİգµҲ˲ôˡ
磡
˸ܵҶһ̺ǿȻӲӣһ㿪һȻҲüҪƣĵ˴Ϣʱ䡣
Ҷӵ󣬳ͬĺǺ֣չ˺õүү
ܺҲǰɱҶĻǹԹԵߵ˵ӵߣԴһͽ˦ԼıϣȻߵ׿⣬Žվߣ뿪
ʱ˶ͱһֳһɽĴ󺺺Ȼһŭ𣬸߾ٸͷҶݺݵ
ͷХɼ̲صԲСɴҲܿӦö֮ˣԹķʽȫ
óսȹʽ˵ͬǼΪͷ۵£Ҷ˵ȥҲϸķ·׾ϵı֮ȴԶԶκ˵
һЦҶȻ潣ٵӿֵѨλ֮ϣָſӴȭͷγһͬһȭףȻȻһȭӭĸͷ
䣡
ȭ׻иУ޴ײ֮֮Ҷԭ˿δԷȴһ𣬽ĵ˳ȥ߰˲ҡͣ
˵϶¶˾֮ɫŵĿĶҶ


301 ȸ½
Ҷһ潣һƯĽٴζ˷ƣ֮Ҳعһ˾ȻͬʱеıҶ
˵һ󺺵ĸͷ֮⣬һõ˫һõصͬʱȻҲʹȫʱССɽ֮ھͳһɱŰơ
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ﬣ
һ촫潣˻ΣȻ𵴵Ľݺݵײڸͷĸ֮ϣȽԷ׿⡣
ŽɨסصֳصĴ󺺾;û֮һɴ̲סɿŵƣصײø߸ߵ
潣һУһ˫ĸ˫ͬոճ¯һ㣬֮Ȼ˫˼Ը⣬ΪԼ˫룬Ҳòɿ˴
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һ֮£׻λ֡
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ԭҶոմӹָӵ˵ϣأȻֱû˼̵ĵ£ֻһش⡣
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ӴһܣʯʦܣҶˣ鷳ˡ
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Ҷ׷ľǸӱԼߵļһͬʱлĥŸղŵ⣬½ô£


302 ٶ׷
Ҷ˼һǣ˫ƺûаŵ棬̤һ㣬һ׵ľ룬Ȼȴ֣Լ׷֮˵ٶȻԼ죬ҲȥҿԼ׷Ҫǻɱ˵Ļ治һܹ׷ϡ
Ҷȣ׷Ǹһǽп಻
ΪľԼٶˣʦٶ֮죬ѾﵽһޣٴͻƵĻǾշˡ
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ʮ겻ˣΪĪ⣬Ȼٶȶô죬治֪ôģ
˾һ׷һܣ֪֮䣬Ѿ̫ɽķΧ뵽һƬ಻Ĵɽ֮С
Ѿ뾡˰취Ҫ˦ʼոԼҶҶʼӰεĸ󣬲һڲϵ֮ľ롣
ɺ޵ǣѾĿżȲõһƷ龧ʯԼĵҶǵʲôûãԽܾȻ״̬Խãڵȡ֮֮ߵһ㣡
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ҶĿѣĶŶԷԴ¶βͣȻȥĵط˵̫Ѩ̫Ѩ
ѨλȻҶûдͨȴ˽⣬˵Ѩλ֮е֮أѨλͨѨ֮У̼ɵ㲻ӦѨλϵ̼ĻܿɥҶûеȥͨǡ
Ȼ½ĹˣȻѨλ֮У˲ٶȣʲôԭѵ˵ԷҲǺ͡ѪսƵѨλ֮
ɻҶ¶ģҲҪԷ׷ϣһڱԴԴϵӿȪѨٴμӱ
ݡҶ˫Žŵ׵ӿȪѨͻȻɳȻһĲʧȥƽ⣬ǰ˳ȥҪˤһ
ˤһ£ǰ֮ľ뽫ٴҶæ֮䣬룬Ѩλ֮Ҳֱ䵽˵£ס塣
Ϊ˫ӿȪѨԾҲ»ָƽ⣬һȻҶ壬ǰƣ͵汣ŽʮȵбǶȣ˫յġ
һɣҶٶٴһµ̨ף˸ǰͻȻԵԾ൱һξ룬ȻҲ˸ոձĺ͹֮ľ롣
ҶҲ˷û뵽ԼȻķû꣬ȴǲֱͦˣʧȥƣ˫Ҳ䵽˵档
ʵղҶɣڿƮʱѡ
Ҷȴ٣ΪȻɹһΣǾͿܳɹΣֱԼķ
ٴνǰ㣬֧סԼ壬ͬʱҲܿһεշ
˸ղŵĽѵҶû˷ˣ۾һζǰǸߵıӰһ߳Ϊٶ̫ӭǿơ
ƣ
ʴҶԺǰȻһȻ˵Ӣ彻ֵĳ档
óľǷԵĹҶļǵãԼֵʱ˵һ仰
÷ƾƣ
Ȼ岢ûڷİ£ֱƣȴȷŷƣӿƶٶȡ
ҶΪͨ˶ѨԲÿƾǿλĻڹҶҲûл׷ˡ
Ȼ֮аȻܹ˵ٶȣôУʵӦþǽڷԼ
ԼܹƿʹôԼӦþշУ
Ƿԣһԣָʹأ
ǰԶǸܵıӰҶȷʱڲԼ֮ľ֮󣬺Ȼ۾
۾ԼʶȥܷԺͷ磡
ڷ׷еʱ򣬾Ȼұ۾û˷飬ҲֻҶܹĳ
𵱳ھ캣֮ʱҶͨӿȪѨΪʵҲʲôˡ


303 ͸
ٶȵߣľ磬ҶԺжڷһµ⡣
·ʱʵҲз磬ٶ֮£ԺԲƣڼٱܣҲٶȿʱ򣬷ͽʾˣٶԽ죬ҲԽ
ôֻҪܹ˷˵תΪԼǰĶôԼٶܹߣܷС
ߺķҲҶһĻ˵ͨѨǸϣȻ޴ڣʱڵģҪʵҪƾ
ΪֻзܹЩָ˵Ķ֮С
磬
һͷҶԺвͣ㣬ͬһͬĻҲǽ֡
Ҷʶ֮Уڿһ͸磬׼ȷ˵һ˸͸磡
͸ӦþǿҶʶȴܹӰӰ´µĿһƾֹʵȴǲŴﵽһּٶȵ
Ƿ磡
ŸָľɿĴ֮ӹҶҲԽԽĿ֮еǷ𶯵Ĺ̡
ΪֹҶѾ˺ˮأ棬ԼһЩֲڲ磬ÿ֮жЩԼΪɣÿ綼ȫͬĸо
صڲ˺أˮڲ鶯ڲ˰ԵڲǳƮݣ
Ҷŷͬʱ֮еĳǵɫĹâȻ˱仯ȻҲ͸һŷ磬Ĵš
ʱǰ淢ܵĴ󺺣ȻоԼûκεĶĲһϲѵ˵Լ˦Ǹµˣ
Ǵڱ֮дæĻعͷһۣһľŵǻ⣬Ҳǡ
󣬲һ׵ľ룬Ҷ˫ĿգϴŰɫ˫ֱ͵漸ƽУȴƯڿмǰµǣȻһûС
˵ʱҶ״̬˵һֳ׵ƮݵУȻ󺺿һĻȴǿֲĶһҲ޷еǹ𺧣ſڷһ춯صľУ
ǳӵеһСôܻɣ

еͬʱѾʣ޼ҲڱȫĴңһҲ޷סƽ⣬˾һʯͷһֱֱķ˳ȥ
ȻʶܷҶҲиʶ˲Ǹ͸硣
Ҷŭ۾ԹʺˤڵϣƺҲվǸ󺺣ͣΣĳ˹ȥ
󺺺òײŷһ˿ûˣֻܿڵϣ¶⣬ߵԼǰվסҶ
ҶĶŴ󺺣޲ھһɱһᣬԼ˵ܴӷһЩӶԼķ
ҶסˣĿŭŴ󺺵ôˣ
ʱ䣬ʱҶǵһȾ״̬ҲǼѣȫûһټϸղǸԼ޷ľ󣬴󺺶ҶѾη壬ڰֵܲˣҲˣ̨ˣҲҪˡ
˵ͬʱ󺺵Ѿһ۴СĺɫӣӨԲ滹һĹâһǺö
ҶһУӾģʶɨһ£֮ܵڴһȵµӦƷСյ˿ռ䳾֮С
ҶһҵүүƷȻҪɱڣ˵ˣ
󺺵һ˿ŭֻƷȷֵģΪɱѾ׷˽ʱ䣬˺üͬŵǽˣû뵽ΧʱǸϼһĵүү֪ðɱȻ
ȻôߣԲŻһ·׷٣һֱ׷ǣ
󺺵ĻҶ΢΢ס˵ʵĻԼˣǵүүǣ
ҿϵķŭҲװģҶﲻеֹˣҶ϶ǰŵүүģ˵ȷʵǵүүɱֻƷ޺õģֻ˵á
죬ȻҲĻֻȻĵˣҲ˵ʲôˣѾ͸ˣֻܷŹң
Ź㣿ҶһЦҪɱڣܷŹ𣿡
ʵҶҲɱֻŻŻҲǽڣǴá
Ȼû뵽仰֮ȴǱѾ֪ǽˣֻҪһӳȥôǱȻġ
ҶµľǱ˵вˣ΢΢һЦŶǵɺ
¶԰֮ɫǵȻǻ鵺Ǿ֮


304 
֮죡
ҪεĿͷУΪⱲجΣ
ħĻҶԺͻȻķ
ҶҲͬ˵ѾļסˣֻΪֹûԼ˵
Ȼ죬󺺵ĿУȻ˾֣вһɾ޴𺳡
һԭҶΪֻڴ˵֮еƣȻĳˣ
Ҷ·ͻȻʩ˶һϵǷ԰ҲŨˣҶһǱԼɵĴŵˣֻԼе㲻ţԼɵôʹ֪αأ
ô֪ҵɣ㻹Ҷ𣿡
ٴڽҶоѹͬʱѵĻһɱѪȵϢ˲佫󺺸ȫ
ǰ˫ͻȻѪһƬѪҶϵʱ԰ٴα˿־塣
εĿ־ղǿ˰ٱֹΪֿ־Ͳܴ󺺵ĿƣǵܵɳѪȵϢ󣬴ԼԶӿֳġ
˿ڴ󺺵УҶƺԵħѪ˫ĵԼ
Ҷ˵ˣԼ֮أ֮죿ԭǾˣܺãܺãˣ
ҶжȻ˳Ѫ˫ס϶£ֱĴȻڵϵĴ󺺡
ĿǱͬ׵һĹ챦Լ˹ȻƴҪ㿪ѾȫԼĿơ
ۡһ
ѪֱӴӴ󺺵ͷȥҼһ·£ֱȫû˴󺺵֮С
ҵĳ鴤ſҪҽУȴһֶ˲
ֵǣѪ󺺵ͷһֱȻûпһѪ
Ҷһε˾ֹ״̬Ƭ֮󣬲ŻĽѪӴ󺺵֮г˳
ѪĽ¶֮󣬿Ŀ֮ϣȻһɫԴԴϵĴӴ󺺵֮УѪĽУϵֱŽҶУ
ȻҶ֮лţһֱԺǿźɫѪ֮С
źڰһҫ۵ĺҶͻȻ˫һգֱֱĵ˵ϣ˹ȥ
Ҷصһ̣ȸ½֮ϵĳɽ֮УһߵĺͻȻ̧ͷеĳ
üĿ㣬ȥֻʮ꣬ȴź伫ƵĮ
Įһ˸еЦѪҵˣ
˵֮󣬺ӵԴո̧ͷʱעӵķ򣬼ȥ
ͬʱһ֪ĵط׵ƲʾȻһ޴İɫӰ׿׼ףϥһССԲˮ̶ǰ棬ʹҪ档
˵һȴϵȴ˿Ӱ
ڸղţ·ʥ֪ͯѪϢѾĿȥ
һž֮ϵٴ𣺡ԭѪ˵磡Ȼҵˣ¾Ͳҽ˰ɣ
ףɱѪˣѪˡ
Ѫ˵ʵǺܿģĻССܾסˡ

£ɫӰȻȻأ»ƬƬƲʣ뵽Χޱߵƺ֮С
һһļž֮ϵȻٴ𣺡찡죬㵽ײǻ

Ҷĵ˫̧ۣͷɫգƬ֮Ȼ𣬸ϰԵԴȻԼоȻѪ
ѪʲôʱóˣղôˣôԹȥ
ҶԼһ֮һ̧ͷʱΪǰһ߸ɿݵʬ壬ǱѪһ㡣
⣬ⲻ׷Ǹôˣ˭ɱ
Ҷһͨ󣬺Ȼע⵽˴ͷǸ˿ڣٿ˿ԼеѪ岻һ⣬ĵѵɱ
ǣɱôܽѪȫɣ
ҶϽѪתͷȥ۾˼Լ֮ǰ׷ʲô
˰ֻ֮ǵԼһ仰Ǵ󺺱ɣ֮Ļ鵺
ʱԼе˼ȵ𾪣Ȼ飬һ㶼벻ˡ
εҡҡͷҶ˼䣬۾ǾʬӦɱģҲ֪Ϊʲôɱ㣬Բˡ
ԲҶȷǷĵģΪﲻ
˵ʲôûˣҶԱ˸ӣǾʬֱ֮ƮһƣͻȻһǿҵͷ鵺ȥ


305 һ
·ޱ޼ʵȺɽ֮УҶһѰŻ̫ɽ·һȻ˼֮ǰ顣
ǿռ䳾ǿƷĴڣ֮ǰһһһ֮С
ԼȻͻȻԣʧƬ̵ļ䣬ʧĹ̵УɱǸ鵺Ĵ󺺣⾿ô£
ѵԼǻ᲻ԼĿƣĻԼǻúΣգһĴԣǡѶǵˣԼ᲻ɱأ
ҶϽֹԼеĿֲͷԼҪȥĵط鵺
֮ҪȥȻΪطһϵҶĲ²⣬ӦѪĵˣѪ֮һȫĹϵ
ԭھֻǴڴ˵֮еһھȻĳһŹϵɣôԼһҪȥҲܹз־Ѫ֮ϵ
һԭ򣬾ǴԼ̫̫ѨӶٶȶȻһΪ
ҶѯʵģΪΪԼѨλһЩ֮Ѿˣôֻܵպȥ˻鵺֮пŪˡ
Ҷ֪뵽ʵʱ򣬳ɻ֮⣬Ҳû˸ղ֮ǰǹɷŭͱ塣
ΪͲģѪԼģ
Ȼȥ鵺Ƕʱڿ϶޷УΪҶкܶҪҪȥ
Ϊİϧƶ굤ǰɽμĪ縸׵磬ȥȪ·ȳԼĸףѰҽҩӡ˵֮ԼȺһ뿪Щ߼ҩʦȵȡ
ĽҩӡԼ飬ȻʱҶǳŵ֮ڣʱѾȥ˿һ꣬Ҳ˵ǻʣҵʱ䡣
Ҷϲ¶˿Цû뵽Լ龹Ȼô࣬һǲϵģּһ鵺ԼⱲעҪæµжɹˡ
ԭҶڻȥ·ٿܷ¸֪磬Ӷշеķ뵽ô飬÷ټϻҪϵѰ·ҲԲȥ֮ˡ
ҹ׷˵ʱ򣬹ȫǻŲ·ҶӰΣҲûעΧ·Ҫ»ص̫ɽȷǼ׵¡
ò֮ҹҶ»ص̫ɽɽ֮ĵǰԶ˼ʮˣһλ֣ӵ״ӡ
Ҷ˼æӭλֹҶˣڻ˰
ҶͷɨһȦЩɫصĵӵǲǳʲô£
ҶˣʦѾת쵤壬Ʋһʦӽ쿪ʼȫɽӴѲԷԷ𡣡
Ҷ΢΢һ뵽˱ԼɱǸǰ˵ĻֻҪһѣȻڡ
û뵽һߣıһպڿٲðˡ
ҶͷҲ쵤壬˴˸к֮쵤ȥӰ˲Ѿʧ
ڶĿȥ¶п֮ɫλͱ֮κһ˶ҪСĶˣ˭뵽Ǳŵĵλأ
쵤ϣʩѾڰٲ԰ڴȴˣֱӽҶ˵ӵסûţҶѾоھȻ߸֮࣬һһֳÿ˵ò
ڴϣӣʯһԣ˵ԱߣȻŷ׸Ů
֮⣬ԼүүҶԪվһԡ
ŽȥҶӺʯվҺҶԪһӭ˹׸Ůȴ̩ɽһ
ҶԪ¶һظı飬΢΢ĳҶ˵ͷһҲû˵
ȻҶүүֳ֮£û˵ʸ
ǾϲĵҶˣǻˣû°ɣ
ʯҲŵҶˣһ߾죬ɰЩ˸ˣƽˡ
Ʒ£ôҶԲǺɫڵԼİΣ˵ûнԼ˿ҶҲǷһ˿ů⡣
Ȼķ׸ŮҶֱӶ
λˣû£ǻ·ϻ˵ʱ䣬үүôˣ
Ҷߵ˵ӵߣҲ۾ЦŵҶ˹ˣҲû£Ҷˣ׷𣿡
Ӵ˿ɫҲȻѾûʲôˣҶų׷ȡƷŵС
Ʒ˵Ŀ⼸ֱˣǷ׸ŮҶԪʣ嶼΢΢ǰ㣬ƺ޲ֱӽ
ǵķӦҶͻȻȻΪʲô׸ŮˣΪǰӡʣʮ֮ھԿԴﵽʮӡֻܷ۳δ֪г𵤵ĻǾͼûʲôˡ
ƷƳ𵤵ıر֮ڵõϢ֮ǸŮ˲ŻȲĸϹ
ҶԪʣȻҲͬϣ
ҶȴЦѣƷԼģƳ˳𵤣ҲȸԼүүҪǾҪʿԼ𲻴Ӧˣ


306 
ҶЩˣתӵ֣ղɽµ˵һˣ
һԵʯ¶֮ɫǵģҶˣ׷Ǹʹɽļһˡ
ҶʯһۣȻʯĳײѿҲ͵ߣôȻеǷȱȥ׷У˵ٶȺԼ׷Ǹ˲࣬ô϶׷ϵġ
ӴŵεͷĿǰΪֹǻ֪ˣ֪ҶûдʲôϢ
ҶȻѾˣҹ㣬Ҳһ£ǰӿ˵½ô£ֻйؾ֮飬ȴ׼ѯʣΪܾòǾѪ൱һɣһòҪ޹֮˾Ľ
˵ǻ鵺ˣ
ʲô
ҶĻ䣬ڵĳ֣ͬڶɫ䣬Ȼڻ鵺ǲİ
Ҷú֮ɫ˵λܸܲҽһ£ʲô½鵺ѵ˵ǵȸ½֮⣬½Ĵ𣿡
͡ȻһЦĵ½ͻ鵺֪ǹªš
ûнҶΪڵ˸Ǵﲻʱ޼ɵķŪ
Ϊ˵ĹϵܷΪѾǲϹأȴ¶֮ɫȻʩӳͷֻܼæڵҶ֪ʵ粢ֻǵȸ½ǹĿ½
ڷĳŪҶüͷҪģӵĻȴǳɹעĿ½
ǵģ磬ʵӦý磬Ϊ֮йĿ½ֱԴ˵еʥ
½Ϊ½½Ϊ׻½½Ϊ½ȸ½λϷ
羿жû֪Ϊĸ½֮⣬ʵǴһƬޱ޼ʵĺΧ֮£ں֮ܲǧ죬ͬȸ½еʮһҲӦʵ֣鵺еһ죬ͬҲ֮ۺʵǰʮһɡ
ӵĽ֮УҶѾȫסˣЩɶǰȫ֪
ԭȸ½Ψһ磬ֻ֮һ磬ȸ½֮⣬Ȼ½һƬ磡
Ҳ⣬ΪʲôǿĴȺڱȲǸ֪ıȻǸȸ½
㻨˰ʱҶҽЩ˵ȫµ֪ʶ
ʼעҶı仯Ҵ˼˿̿ҶعŽŵйʵʵԭֻгĸʸ֪Щֲй¶ЩҲһЩ֪ˣǾ
ҶȫţΪԼүүҶԪʣ˿̸ԼһҲ𾪺ãȻ֪֮ȻΪиүү
Ҷ˵ͷǼȻ鵺ôǿǵˣȻŹڣ׼ô죿
ɫصĵˮڣȻ鵺ǿ󣬵Ҳߣ˵ռݵ֮ĳ;ǣҲδֵ˺ã±ǲȣ
ĸ֣Ҷһ˿ŹֵɫתͷȻĵӵүүôõģ
ĽĿ˻γŲҩڿһɽ֮Уⷢһͷ˵ƷޣǱһ·׷٣˲αʱ򣬵õҲʱ鵺ͻȻˣȻһ·׷ɱҡ
Ҷﷺһ˿ЦѹֵӻҩᶼԭǷƷޣһ˵ģ⻻κҲ϶׷ˡ
ϵӺǸ鵺˵ͷ޵ȷӦǱ鵺Լ۴ˣȴѣõӵõʱ򣬻鵺Ҳǡøϵ
֮»治˵˭˭ֻ˵ǻ鵺ã̫á
˵Լľ֮󣬺ȻҲ뵽˶ҩ飬æʵҶˣҩôˣ˭Ӯˣ
⣬Ҷɲ뵱ô˵˵һɨˣӵ˺εȾ᲻˼æڵȻҶ˳ҲˣȲˣʦܣ߰ɣ
ܷ׸ŮʮֲԸߣڿһǿ󣬻ĸˣҶԪ۹˸һ֮Ҳ˵뿪ˡ
ֻʣµӣҶԪҶ֮ҶŽζҩľϸ˵˳ֻǹ˵йԼ׵
ҶԪ͵꣬˶ֱɵˣҶȻϽɽׯɣŵĶʮȫɱˣ
Ҷ˽ʱ뿪쵤ķ׺ȻתӰǳҶԪʣĸңҪʲô


307 
ӵڣӺҶԪڻعҶԪҲ˲ԼʦǰˣҶǳĵôô֪㴳¶Ļ𣡡
ҶɫƽЦЦүүҲģҲɱǣǾҪɱңѾ˵ˣ¾ŵ֪ҲҶôͲõˡ
ӳƬ̺ҲͷҶ˵е±ǲȣбҪ֪ͨʦǣԷһǹǽ
Ҷͬ⣬Ŀǵʮ֮һŵˣһǶʮˣǴˣȻŲһұȷʵҪǹǽͬھ
¾鷳үүȥ˵ˣʱûʲôˣҲȥˡ
ҪȥģҶԪ͵Ӽͬʱʵ
ҶͽĪ縸˵˳ҶԪ֪ĪҶģȻܷԣǱȥģһȥ˼Ҽң˼ҵĳ٣ǧܿȥصƷϡ
֪ˣҶȻҲǵˣֻ֪ôʲôƷ
Ȼ֪ĪڵĴС㣬ĪĪɽСС;ƹ¥ǵĸױȻҲһλѰܹۡ
ȻҶԪͬˣȻҲ÷ԣеεĵҶˣһȥҪãһƳ𵤡
ʵҶγ볢һƳ𵤣֮⣬һҪȥ֪ԼʲôʱֻܻźĵүүͲõˣֻҪʱʣͽ˰ɣиҪ󡣡
Ҷ˵
ųƳɹϣܹүүá
ҶԪһȻмȴæֵͲҪˣʦзִ硣
ӵüͷΪ޷ӦϾ𵤹˭飬ɲһܹġ
ȻҶȴǲĵĿŵӵүү֪Ĺ˼ɣ˲ͬĻô鷳תҶͲڵˣպүү֮⣬ڵκˡκ£û˿ϵ
ĿĿҶ֮ĵͷ֪ˣ
Ҷ¶ЦݣţֻҪɵĻôų𵤱ȻԼүүģڷҶԪ֮ǾͲҪˣ
뵽ҶԪʣҶɫ±һ£үүүүһ£ҶԪʣж˽⣿
Ҷ͵ҶԪʺͷǵ̸ԼԼ²Ŀ굤͸ҶԪƾ飬һһ˵˳
֮ʦͽȫ޷Լͽܺʦ־Ȼˣʦͽ˽ԼĻ以മһ֮󣬲źȻ֣ҶĲ²ⲢǿѨ磬ΪҶԪʵȷΥˣ
򵥵һӣҶԪڿص¯ʱ򣬾ҵҵػҹͷҶԪʺȻ֣˵ҪȥϢߺҶԪʾ浤˵ҶԪְأûкú
ʱΪҩҪɣҲûʱȥ׷ֻǺɹƳĵҩȻûʹ͸ҶԪǸҶԪʡ
ֻһӣ仹и飬ʦͽʵǲԸȥˡ
֮󣬵ӵɫļֱҪˮҶԪԪȥҪʣ
ҶԪɫҪ뿪ҶȴסүүһҶԪʲ˵ʵô죿
а취ɫصĵ
ҶüëÿΣ֪ӵʲô취
Ҷԭȵ˼뵥һҶԪʵģؿ֮󣬻ǾŵӺүү棬֪ҶԪʾʲôˣ
ܿ죬ҶԪʹҶԪ˽ҶԪǹĶŵӺҶʩһ֮Ŀŵӵʦû˰ɣ
ҶԪʣӵĶڵѪôϣҶˣ´ˣôϣԼʮĵʵûбԼʦš
˿סĵʹ࣬Ԫʣηҽƾ͸Ԫģ
ҶԪһ㶣̶ãȻ֮ɫʦ˵ʲôʲôƾ
ҶԪϵãȻȫװġ
𣿡ޱ飬ȻϳһŵҩҶԪʵ
ҶԪֽסҩϸĶ֮ɫʱˡ
ԭãȻѾЦ˫֮͸¶ĽթȫǱһƵģһ󣬽ҩķ񵤣ϼһʲôʱƳֵҩһ治֪أ


308 
֣ҶʱȻѹֵôܹҶԪ˵ʵأΪһֶƷҩЧܹʱʧ˵ǣӶʲôʲô˵İٷְٶʵ
ȻҲܵģҩЧǿҪҩƷ׺ͷ֮˵Ϊ
Ƴ񵤣ֻʮӡҶԪʷãҩЧȻܹõķӡ
ҶԪҲ㣬֪ԼѾԷƣ˺αװ¶˱Ŀ
Ѿ֪ҶԪͽǵӺҶԪȻһ˿ҺϣҶԪ˵ⷬ˿ҺϣȻҲѾ׵Ļˡ
ӵȻŷŭ۹֮ȴ͸һɰˣָҶԪʵԪʣԴΪͽ֮ʴ㲻ΪҪңʦܣڣɹᣬƾ߸޵ˣ֪֪ʦܵĶ֪㣬㣬㡭
˵󣬵Ѿû£ʵ޷ˣҶԪȴǴνıϼһҺܺ棬ЩҾԼαװҲû¶κţôֵģ
һɫƽ˵Ҷ浤ӿڵֻ©ҶԪʣܹαװһʱѵĻαװһ˵ΪʲôҪйƾ¸߸޵ˡ
ûҶԪʵĸܣҶҲ֣֮ҶƷȻҲû£ҶԪʿ˵ףҶֱ޲ھһ
ҶԪʵĿҲƵҶϣһЦӣӦ㷢ʲôһǶŪˣұ޵ˣ
һҶҲ΢΢㵣ԭǶֻΪҶԪǶԵӻ԰عɣȻû뵽Ȼ˵Լ޵ˡ
˵ķӦƺҶԪʷǳгɾ͸УĹЦû뵽ɣϼһҼڣнô꣬Իظ֮ˣʹ찡
ҶȻһƶȻѹסҶԪʣڣòΪˡƾɣ
ҶԪȻҲеηҶȴȻǿӲͦͦصҶ㣬ҪǸҶң͵Ÿ㸸ʬɣ
䣬ҶԪͬһ˹һѽҶԪʵ½ס㣬˵ʲôƷɣƷû𣿡
žһҶԪʺĽҶԪָĵЦŵʦܣĶӣôɱأźúõأҲܰȻ뿪ҿɾ޷֤ˡ
Ҷ˫ۼҪΪ˸׵ĲҶҶԪʣΪҶԪʿ϶޵ŲΪ֪緽
ߵҶԪߣһߣҶοүүȱ𼤶Ӧõȷûģҿ϶Ὣ׾Ȼġ
˵֮ҶŭҶԪʵҶԪʣҽͷ뿪ǺˣҸиʲô̵Ļ޵һҲӣ׷ĺǣ̤磬ҲŹǣ
ҶԪ⣬˿ηҶвתҪߣʱӺȻһһĵҶԪʣǵʦͽִӽ쿪ʼ㲻ҵӵĵӣҲڵĵӣҶˣӴ֮κιϸ𣬺Ϊ֮
仰ҶԪϻһ˿ײļָֻܿ޿ֵı飬һֵ˵˵Ҿ͸ˣҶˣǿɵŶ
ҶԪʴ뿪ҶԪһƨϣڴڵĴŴǵͷ
ҶܶҶԪѾ޵˼£Ҳ֪˿ܵľǵӣһԼʮ֮õͽܣȻɵĵӣִԲһܹܵġ
ҶĬĬ뿪˷䣬Ŵϣ̾˿ϣʱλĴ˰ɣ
ڵʱһ䣬ȻܻһЩ£ţ鵺ЩҲòҶģҶ뷨׼뿪ģ֮ǰôҲøүүкүүҲܣҶ쵤ס졣
֮󣬰ݱүү͵ӣҶ˳ͺǣ뿪̫ɽʱսٵӶһˡ
Ҷһ뿪̫ɽʱϣ׸Ůվڷ嶥۵עǵıӰ
̧ͷԼĸ׵׼ô죿
׳ŵҶԪѾˣ˵ӦʵҶ󣬾ȻɱŵˣȻǶԸһûᣬǱҪأһСľͿܽϽȥʱҲҪܵǣҺúһ룡
жȻͬ߰յĹâǿƷҪƳɳ𵤣һҪңҳΪ֮ҪҶǸĪҵǰ
һʮŮоȻ˵޵ĻȻĸȴǻȻͷģүү϶ὫŪģ

һɽ·֮ϣҶȻһ飬ʵ֣֪֪굤ƣ
굤˳һ㶵⻹мţҪ𣿡
Ҷһʱϲǿ̫ˣŰɣиҪ
Ȼ˳УôҶȻҲȥԼƣϾ굤ҪĲҲȽϷһʱ֮仹治ռȫһİϧãҲһָ
˳еεͷûдϣҵסˣҪõĻҾͻȥ
סԶ𣿡
˳ɣһȥȡ굤ȥɽʱ档
Ǿˣ
Ȼе鷳ǱԼǿ˲٣ҶͺƤӦˡ
˳ǰɽľ·߸Ҷ֮˱ֵԼɽټ
ҶűСڹĺǣ̤ǰɽĵ·


309 
ԯǵ¥УĪڴǰĿſлƮļƲʣڶûвѾŽżĪɽ
ĪɽЦͻȻĪĶߴһҶ

Īʱг˶ͷһĪɽ̧ͺݺݵ˹ȥĪɽǻζ˰
ĪɽЦĶ˿㣬ҪٴңҾ͸Ҷȥ
бȥҽ첻ȴۣ
Цһ֮£ĪɽЦŵ㣬Ʒ׼𣿡
Īͷ׼ˣأ
ˣӦþ͵ˡ
ĪһĪɽֵȥԻˡ
ͱˣҵƷ϶ˡĪɽ˸߲ҵĵ㣬Ҳ﷢ˣвһ£ܼҶˣ󲮲˵϶ȥ
ԴӺͺ뿪֮ĪΪ˱ؼٱ͵͵Ļصڻȥս˸к֮Ҳ¥ӵİȫ
Ī̾˿ǻȥҲĵʱԸҶԸ̫ˣʱǿɾȫˣ
ĪɽԼţͷ⵹Ǹ⣬Ҷִ̫̫һҶɫҶתߣҪˣǿɾҲˡ
˵ˣĪ˶䣬Ըȥˡ
ĪɽЦŵ㣬ŲҲǰ취һ󲮲Ҫȥˣҿ㲻һߣȥúúﵽʱŵ
ĪüͷƬ̵ãҸ󲮲ȥԼҲŵʱ䣬ȥǧˡ
İɣĴ٣ٸҸӣҲҳٵ
ˣ£λʥӰ飬ôˣ
ٺ٣ĪɽеɫĵϵҰµȻûˣҽٵ͸˰һݡ
ʲôʥȥμӵĴ٣ȥ𣿡
ӦûȥΪ˵ˣҲ鵽һϴǸСׯʧ½껵Ϣϸ˵ںͷŵĹϵҲεԼ˼λŴʦʥܴݹ٣۵ϵöйⰡ
ȷʥӼ͵Ƿˣȥף٣ǾǸսˡ
ĪֺֺЦ㰡࣬ĴǸ½껵ϢʱҪûеĻҿôʥӽ
ѽЩ¾Ͳˣ㻹ǶҶɣϽ߸Ͻߣ
ԯ⣬Īͺո߳ţӰʹӳǽӰ˳һ񵶵ͽ㡣
ʱ֮ɫԼޱӵ˵ⶼȥˣǵ׼ôԸǰҲżĪ棬ʲôʱܹҰ
˵ĵΪ̫ߣڣȻ޷κζȻ뿪ˣ¥ھǵ֮ˣģӦʦͽǿ϶쵽֣Ҫеġ
㲻ͷĵģģҵˣ˵Ҳʲô£ֻҪĪ磬ʹ㣬׻Ҫã
˵¶һ˿΢Цһ˳Ļһ£֣ʱʦˡ
һ£
뵽һ֮Լܵõ绨Ī磬۾ʱ

뿪̫ɽ˳Լָϸ·ߣҶѾ·ˣΪ˳·߶ǹٵҶ·Ҳʩչ⾪ףֻܵȵϲų·
ٶȹ죬ʱ䣬ȫüĪ縸׵Ĵ٣Ҳż˳һ·ĳ֮пûʲôʵĶ
ܿϧһ·ûһ۵Ķ
죬ͬһҹɫ·ҹɫԣֻ֮ܲǵļǹ⣬·Եñƽ࣬ûһâҲǶҶκεӰ졣
һٹ֮ʼĸĺͻȻһͺ
Ҷͣ˽Ųתͷźǵôˣ֣ʲô𣿡
ǵ˵ͷ̧ԼǰצָָٵԵһƬ֡
Ȼǲ˵ԴӺǽҶ˾֮֮Ľͨûʲôϰˡ
Ҷ֪Լʶܺǿ󣬵ǺƺŸĶΣյĲȻָƬ֣˵϶ʲô£һΣա
ҶſʶƬȥûзκβԣڼﵽʶܸǷΧıԵʱȻһ֮ϹһڵĶ
ȥŶȻһʬ壡
ԣһߣ
ʬ·ſʬ壡
Ҷ΢΢һǰŴ壬ŵģȻʬ壬ѹֺǻء
ò·˽ٵǿɣ
뵽Ҷæת򣬳֮У


310 ͷ
ȻҶûκεı飬Ǹĺȴܹĸо˿Ҷŭɱ⡣
ΪǰƬ֮Уֹʬ壬ȥвʮʬ壬˵ĵڵϡ
ղҶ֮ԿߣΪʶܵļ޷Χֻߣǰŷָôʬ塣
Ҷǰʮʬ壬ŮҴЩ·ʹ磬ѿӦöĳһɵߣΪձ鲻ߣӡ
ѾɺԵѪԿʱӦúܳˣ󲿷˵ж֮ȴǸɸɾҶĲ룬˵˵Ĺæ֮ҪȴԷɱ
ֵΪЩ˿϶߳٣Ϊе˶Ǳһÿʬ״ǳңʬȴһֵĹͬ㣬Ǿľʬ嶼ǲģ
ֶϽģеȱٶ䣬飬ӣûԴ
Щʬȱٵ岿λǵ߰ڷţȻ˹Ϊ֮ġ
ɱ˲㣬˵ʬŪĲȱʵ̫̣ҶŻ˴ŭ
ҹ֣ʮ߲ȱȫʬ壬һֲĻ棬СһˣǼ棬ƾͻŵõͷ뿪жԶܶԶ
Ҷո˵ǰľȻѪȿֲǸйѪĻʵǲʲôټʼֵЩǰǺ˻ǻˣȻˣǾһ˰ˣԲҪǾʬҰҰʳ
뵽Ҷ˫ӶѸٵľڵڳһӣȻУһ߾ʬǱһǣһ׼ȷ˿С
֮ǰ֪ôҶɱǸ鵺Ĵ󺺣Ҷڿû뵽֮ͬһĻȻٴݣֻεʬϴࡣ
ҶʵƬ֮䣬Ѿܹʮʬͳͳ˿Уҽá
Ҷ׼ߣûʬйֵʱȻⱩǣźǵľҲ֮
ҶͷһǺȻ˲ָ˱ĿǺɫĳëǸ߸Ϊƽ˼ְͬʱҲ˵Ӧ˼ĵˣ
ԴӽɱƷ֮󣬺ǲ˵ĿˣҪ˵ҶһĶ֣ԺǾʹûжģڣȻһٴеģҶҲǾ״òɱЩ˵ֻ˰ɣ
ৡһҶͺǵǰһɫӰ
Ӱĳ֮󣬾ǵ˵ҶҲ̲סĵĵ˿
ͻȻֵĺӰķ֣͸ߴ󣬲ȴֻһȣһȴϥǴ͹ͺͺġ
˸ߴģȴһȰƴ˶ٵԴԴ֮ϴëͷС󣬿ȥǳĹ졣
ٿ˵ĳ࣬ƴСԴ֮ϣȻʲôֻһ룬촽һֻ䣬һֻ۾ӣҲֻһ롣
ҶԾ˵ϴһѾɫɮۣǰһ顣
ϸϸһʲô飬Ȼһͷ
ҹĿôһ˲˹ĹȷҶеһ˿£Щͷϵ˵ĳ࣬ʱ׹ԼոЩʬ壬Ӧþһɱģ
Լٻ϶ֻһ룬Щʬ嶼ǲȱȫģȻΪ֮ġ
û˾⣬ҶһǻŭٿȻ
ûҶڣȴſֻһ촽ݵ͵ٺ٣ˣ
˵죬ҶȻִĿоȻɳһȺɫСɳ棬˲Ϣ֮Լͺǵǰ
Ķ׼ʱĳҶϣǡõסЩɳ棬ˣҲҶĺðһ亹
ҿԼĿѣҪǻ˵ĻôڰĻУ¶ЩСɳ棬Ȼ֪ЩɳãǱΧϿ϶ʲô¡
ң˭Ҳ뵽˵ʱ򣬾Ȼܹųɳ棬ֹʽ˷ʤӦǺͶԷĳйأ
ͬĳܹ賾˸ֲͬĹŹҶҲʶˡ
ҶæתͷȥǣȻֺǵϾȻҲһԼĳƵģֻɵĿף赲ס˷ɳĹ
Ҷȣ˿Ҷϳֵĳ׺ͺǵסͬҲ¶֮ɫ
ϵľһţٴֿ¶һֲЦݵ˼СС;Ȼ˳ףԴʸҵͷ֮ˣ
˿ĻҶŭЦȴû˶Թκ֮ģܹ˵ɷͷΪض̫ͣԹ˵Ŀ϶һʱġ
ҶЦû£˺ȻЦһҲеܸ˰ɣ֮
Щ׵סСɳȻһֵ֮ҶĶ䣬ȻɲǼãҲʧȥʶվһ
ҲҲȫһվǱһ
˵¶˵ЦſƾҶԴץȥֱӽҶԴ
ۿŹ˵ѾҪҶԴͻȻҹ֮һɮң


311 ĸ
ͻȻùȥ˰ģͬʧȥʶҶ
һգִֻƾԼ沿ֻдԶľ룬ҶǱܵſͣһ߿ȴ̴ٵХ
ͿһҶĿƫû˹˵ġ
顱һ죬˼æջƣ˳Щ˹ķɳҲͬʱɵߣ衣
һǿķڹ˺Ҷ߳һɫӰӣ
Ӱӣ˺ҶķӦȫǽȻͬģĿ¶׹⣬֮ȴһ˿η塣
Ҷе㲻Լ۾ΪʶͻȻ־ԼһˣֻǴҲû뵽طȻ
ϸ˵ֵˣһһ°ɫɮۣķʵУںеı󣬻һͲᳬʮһС
УǺҶйһ֮Ϊ޷ֱҶûӶ˷еķӡİУ
ҶīżңѾӴµĲʦ֪пɲͨĺУ൱ڷ䣬ڷϵĴڵʥӣ
ͬҶҲһ˿ȣȻϳҶĿɨֺ͸ոձҶƽǸ֮Įֶһ˿οҶ˵ͷֺʲҶʩּˣ
˵֮ҲҶش𣬱ٴνĿ׼Ǹˣĵɮôĵӣ֪׷㣬ȻһصɱˣΪҷŵӣݱ飬ɱ޹㲻ã
Ҷգգ۾˾ȻǷߣҲȻǴȱΪǳһҲûʲôֵġ
ɮ׹˸㲻ھµʥӣܵʲô£㣬㲻ҪΪ㣬ֻҲɱ㣬׷ɱѣ
Ȼɮ˵׺ݣ֮Դһ˿ӣΪȻǷڵӣôʥӣмһֱܵη壬ֻŬζѡ
һЦ֪仹Щ࣬ɮҾͳ㣡
˵֮󣬰ĽϱŵǸӷŵϣȻ̧ͷҶҶʩɮҷڰ࣬մѪȣɱҪŻæչһӣǸոձЩеΨһҴߣ
Ҷ΢΢һʱ׹Լ֮ǰӦѾһˣҾӣȻźȥ׷ɮˡ
ɮһȦֻ֮صطԼ뽫ԼҲɱˣּʱ˹Լ
ͨЩ֮ҶϸһӣȴȻ֣ҶҶ͵ĺӣ۵ϾȻûбˣҲûп־壬ƽľûһ˿ˮһ
˵ľ䣬ȴӵƽľҶа̾
ʶһɨӵڣҶ̲סеˣСһﾹȻǰӡ
ʮһаӡȻԼҲ޷ȣǾԵŰ
ټȫϵľҶԿ϶ʦָ㣬պǰ;Բ
ʱ־ȻĻнһţ
ҶߵǸӵߣǣӵ֣ҪߣȻӵһֻȴץŰ·ɿ
ӣոռȫľĿǰֻδӲɮнԼµİ
΢΢һЦָҶԺӵȻҾ㣬ʬȴϸ˵ĸ
ⷬ˵ˣҶĶһͷˮԼʬ壬ô⺢ĸˡ
ԥһ֮ȴɿ˰·Ҷǣߵһ֮¡
Ѿ˦ϵǲף˿ѯʵĿ⿴ҶҶҡҡͷ˼Ż˾ȲҪˣΣյĻٳҲ١
ҶѾĵʶ˲ɮΪ磬ǳأԼͺʵĸ׵ĶԸ
ղֻһʱ֮£ټϲɮĹʽ̫죬ԲŻĵ
ղʦĻӦǳصΪ˵ǲɮĶ֣ҶȴŰȻΪʥӣȻر֮ҲҪʵж
ڴ̽ʶھ廹аԶѾ˿
ӽҶ֮󣬰תԲɮһɮҲ׽Լ϶ǱˣԾжڰη壬֮ʣһҧȳˣ
ߵЩɫСɳ棬ͻȻӶŰ˹ȥȴûпһûзҲûг֡
˲䣬ЩСɳ澹ȻѾɹ˰ϣղŶԸҶʱҪ˼ΪЩɳĸס˰ȫ塣
ҶһʥӲôɣͱԷסˣ
ɮҲһ㶣Ȼû뵽Ȼô׾Լķɳϣʱ¶Цɣ
Ȼʱͷ֮ͻȻһ⣬޾ҹգ͵ĹâԽԽߣԽԽ
ʮ׵ľ֮󣬶Ȼը˼ҹգҫ۵Ĺâ֮УҶĿһֻӲӵľ޴ƣ·
ŭƣ


312 еѪ
ڿ۶ɵĽɫ֮ҶֻʣһƬҫ۵ĽɫҲκεĶݷֻޱ޼ʵĽˡ
֧ʱȥ֮Ƭ޾Ľɫ𽥵ͬˮȥҶҲæȥ
һ֮£ҶʵҲ̲סķһ̾ϳҶ֮⣬ûܹԼĺҲ鲻Խĵ˿
ڸոհͲɮվλϣѾֻʣ°һˣһϮ°ɫɮҹĴ֮ڶ
ڲɮЩɫСɳ棬Ѿʧˣ׵ʧˣ
СһӣӿоӸµĿȥܿӹһֻƵģ
һƣһƣǸ׺ޱȵĲɮΪУ
ʲôʵ
ȻҶͺǶĿƾһ֮ɱɮ˭Ҳֻܽһƣ
ȻǰλзΪʥӰȴˣ
ҶͺǵľȣȴǼΪƽվˣ˫Ŀ΢գдʵ˵ʲô
֮󣬰תٴζҶֺʲҶʩлˣ
ҶлعȴлŪĪԼʲôûΪʲôҪлԼ
ʦ
ҶĻҶʩҰɣʦ֣һԶأ
ãлʲô
һָҶƽǸӵҶʩЩزʶȴܽǵʬݴʴ壬Ȼֵҵл
Ҷ˵ٴοҶǣŵǸкСʩҲӦллλҶʩ
գգ۾֮ͻȻҶƣߵǸ֮ǰͨһ£˾Ÿͷ
ͷʱҶע⵽ӵ¶һŨŨıͷ֮ɱȴѾȡ
źվߵҶͰм䣬ٴι£ſͣдŵɳƵɤɣлλǰ֮£
ںҪͷʱҶͰͬʱǿ׵Ľ
ҶǾǿ飬뵽һԼʱԼ޵Ǹ˵ʱһҲڵ顣
ԼҪ˵ĶˣԼôôļˣ
ʱѾʵСʩлǣ㻹𣿡
ҡҡͷĽġ
һҶҶʩ𣿡
ʵҶղž뷨ˣôһӣû˹ˣôûʣ罫Ҷҡ
ĻҶͷֻҪԸ⣬ȻԴҶҡ
ֿɵСʩԸ𣿡
̧ͷ˿Ҷֿ˿ĵ˵ͷ
ҶȥǣǰȴŵҶʩȻСʩԸ⣬ǰ֮ǰ뽫ȸһʱ䣬ȻһԽ͵ǡ
ŹֵҪҶüͷĶ߱˰ĴҶʩСʩ䣬ȻıȻǿԹͷŭԻ⣬պֽ;ҽһʱ䣬÷𷨸򣬰ĵԹͷŭ
ôһͣҶʱȻͬʱҲܵ˼ʹȱĳ
ȷСС;Ѿֳ˲ٳ˶޷ӵеǿľȫȻԾɿԱϲŭɫ˵˼أ˵ĺǴ˵ա
ϵţʮһаӡĵԹͷŭʼմڣôպкܴĿܻ;ʱ򽫻һɮ
֮԰ԴķʽҶͣȻǲⷬӶų⡣
֮ͨҶͷҲЩ飬ȷʵе㲻㣬Ǿˣʱ鷳ֱ͵ҶҶҼɡ
ҼסˣҶʩһһѯ
˵
ſʵ¶ɻ֮ɫҿҶʩΪǴ֮ˣΪʲôϻһѪ֮ζҾϴμ棬Ѫ֮ζҲӵŨˡ
Ѫ֮ζҶ̲ס̧첲ԼţǸŲκѪζ
Ȼȴҡҡͷϵζʩ֮У
֮У
Ѫ
Ҷ뵽ѪѪ֮еȷѪ֮ζֻζѪ֮Уй¶Ҳû˵ԼһоûС
ǰȻֱܹԼдζ治ʥӣ
Ҷȴ¶ȻЦݵѹϴ˷ӡҺ֣ѵѪζһǴ֮𣿡


313 㻯֮
ȻҶϰʶʲôǳǿܹѪ֮ԼŲѪζ̹䣬ԲŻ˵һʰ
Ȼû뵽Ҷⷬȴ¶֮ɫұ۾üͷŤһ𣬾þòƺ뵽ʲôһ
ҶɺͺǣĶ֪ľΪͬǿޱȵʥӾ뵽ʲô
֮󣬰ԺȻһԲεĹȦҲȻ˫ۣ˵Ľ⣬һš
Ȼ֪⵽ô£ҶȴǿҵĸоǾ̶̵Ƭ֮֮ڣΪԵ
ղŵ״̬˲򣬲Լ˲ȴŲͬڷӦŸΪĽ͡
֮԰ܹ뵽״̬ȻΪԼǾ仰ֻеԭȴҶ޷ˡ
ŰۣԺŹȦҲѸʧȻҶһҾ׵Ҷʩ֮ǰȷҴˣлҶʩ㻯֮
ҶеɻѾҪűƤˣڰֵ⵽ô£ҵ㻯ʲôˣ
ֱӣϴƽ΢ЦŵҶʩϵѪζ뵱ȻĽ㵱֮ˣҷڵĻ˵ˣҶʩղŵǾ仰ȴҾѣᣬ࣬
λҶԾǺͿ˼ȴˣǰŵԼѪζͽԼ˵뷨Ǵ󣬵뷨ҲǴ˶һԴڱܵ뷨
翴Ŀֲ׺ݵˣ󲻶඼Ϊǻˣʵ˺ܾܿǺˡ
֮ԻΪֻǱǼٵģҪ֪˵ĺûҪ˵硣
ڰԼ仰ĵ㻯ȻѾֱܵ뷨ڷ˵㣬൱Ϊܹ˲
ֵСʩȸ߰ɣ
û˿ԥߵ˰ߣٴζҶһҶʩڣ
Ҷ̧ͷĿŰɵӰԶȥֱȫʧ֮󣬲Ŷźǵе˼ͬʦ˵Ļȱ𣬶Ϊߣǽ˺֮ᣬһ׮鷳߰ɣ
ȻҶ°Ǽʶ˰ǿʵ֮ҲʵһһΪС
źǣҶɽķȥ
ͬʱս鷿֮УĪŭĵԼɷ򣬶սǸҺӵĿӣͷϵ鷿֮ȥ
Ī̲סˣһָվ׵ģʲôʱôûи
սͷڲڸ𣿡
ڣĪٵٴ˼ȣ㲻ǶѾ֪ͨңǸ㣬ŮҲҵŮĻ£һ˵˲㣡
Сˣսʵǵ͵޹ϣټҲû˵ûһĵ
˼ĪǲģܲˣϾ¹ϵԼŮҸһ㲻ãҶﲻãôǿۣ˵ˣûмڣǳΪڵˣǶƽƽôõŮ㻹⣿ȻӦڵǸСӣ
Ī˱ŭԭˣսȻûк£ʹӦĪͬΪħʮ֮һĺڵĳɽҾ֮ʱ
ӵŭսԥ˰֮һŵµҲˣʵôԭġ
ʲôԭʲôԭܱҸҪҪĪȻŭĵ
Ȼû뵽սɫصĵԭ򣬵ȷҸҪҪΪϵ£ңͻɽڵ˵İΣ
Ī֪ԼɷΣҲЦԲ㶵ôˣս㵽ʲôң
սһԼüͷʵ»ĶǸҶΪϢҵڻȻûڹ
ԭսȻ˵ͬҶĪ֮飬ǳڸ׵ĹذĵȥҶݵλ׵ľͽҶеϸȻҲҶҶƷɱץߵ顣
޵۵ǵһʽĽߣ˼֮ˣҶĸ˽ģҲԼչƻͬһ𣬲ɲϣŮ޸Ҷ֮κεΣգԾ˳޵ȥҶҺ֮䵽ΪʲôǺ鷳Ļ͸ɴཫ޵ˣһ˰ˡ
Ȼû뵽ǣһȻһ𾪣Ҳ¶˾ģҲҪֹŮҶһ


314 սĿ
ĪҲ̲ס׷ʵ㾿鵽ʲô
սԼӵ۾һһĵҲ鵽˶ɮҲ鵽ħҲ鵽Ĺ֣һ鵽ˣޣ
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ĪȻһ˾ͻȻʯͷһ
ȸ½֮ϳ˷ţźħŸԵʮ֮⣬һЩĸˣЩ˴඼ɣ޼ҵаиص㣬һ⣬ÿһǾԵĸ֣
ս˵ģɮħĹ֣еһ֣ȻҲٮٮߡ
ɮԭŵӣ֪ΪʲôǽħħߣԭĬĬţͻȻ֮ĳЩӶһɳ죬Ĺ֣˵һĸͬİ̥һģһԸ졣
Щ˶ѱģ뾡취Ҫ£ǣȴû˭ɹȻЩ˾Ȼȫ޵۵Сɣ
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ܹЩ־ۼһɣȻʲôСôȻƽյ¶һЩ˿ڵʵ鵽Щ֮󣬾Ȼʲô鲻ˣµģ
սԿ䣬Ѽ鱨Ƿǳǿģڵ½ͺҪ֪ʲôĻҲܻٵĴһ㣬ƺʹȸ½ϵ޵ǰȴǴڡ
ȻԿ϶޵֮󣬸ϵֲ֮㣬ǳģսҲǵСų֮ˣֻԼȥԣκεҪԼŮİΣ
ҶȻôһǿĳңô޸պҪʱʱ̿Σ֮ˣ
Ҷǿ󣬾ƾǸССҶңܹ
ҶΪ˵£սȻҲɲǰϼһҶΣյʱվ
鵽սȻѾ˲Ҷһ뷨û¶ģΪףȻ˽ԼŮԸ
Ȼɳȥ̽޵Ϣĵӣ֮ǰͨ贫ݻһϢȴ¶˾ġ
Ϣǡ޵һ޼ˣҪڡ
ڽ޼սĪᶼİΪԼʦĴ£ɱ˽޼мˣ
սɱ޹ǽ֮ак޹ʵȡ֮ɼˣͷսĪȻɱʱ׵Ľ޼ǿధʦһ
ֱ죬Ȼǵǵʦʱ˵Ǿ仰Ƿպ϶ңµʱڶС
ʱսѾǳصĸˣὫǺӵĽ޼ʦ仰ǵΣջǷ˽޼
ս˼ܣ߽޼֮Ȼ˰иԷʦĻʵʮʱȥ޼ǵûб𣬷ͬͨһȢӣֱ޼ա
ڵ֪޼ѾϢ֮սǳһ˵ʵЩʦĻʼվһصʯͷѹͷһпǹȥˡ
ģ޼͵ǵļ䣬Ȼû뵽ѾĽ޼ھȻҳ޵У
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ʱսʶˣ޼ûֻ֪Լ˸Ӳ˼ʮʱ䣬αװӶ˼ӣ
ԼѾʵ֮ŴӷĹܳΪ˲Լ޶й¶ϢȻҲһɱˣԭķĹ
һܹǻûһʮ꣬Ϊ˱ϧɱԼ޶ĺƻ˵һˣһˣȻӴĪ޵սﻹס
ĪĬĬĵ;޸ɽͺ޼ڵ޵
ǵģ޵ȻܹշɮˣܶԸģֻеˣûѣֻôӶ£ڣ˵޸ɽδؾͲҸɽҲһ˲ţʴӱͬǳ֣Ҫǣ˵ʹ˵еľҲйϵӼңٲκΣա
սİԵרƣ֮£ҲϣԼŮܹҸ
Ī̧ͷԼɷ¶һɬЦݣս֪֪ܻһӣ
սһӵĳЦŵ֪ԸңҲԸκεΣա


315 ҿ
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һĥҶһ߸߽ǣΪ￿ɽԵʣڵĵ̾ȻǳۺйصĶ
ҶЩ̶ת˸飬Ȼֿտգ˵ʵЩҩҲɣҲգۣأ
ȻſҶϵĺǣͷ˹Ȼ̧צӣָǰ
˳źצָķȥһ¥ߵĽһ¥֮д֡¥
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ˣųɶߣʲôι״ĶУҶ൱ˣԻƼֲ֣æӭĵӣԷסް
Է
ʱȻǷ㣬¥ȴѾˣУǳ֣ǳ죬廨š
һ¥һӿţƴҶҶĵ˼ˣҪ̳ƣû취Ǿˣ̳Ҳѡ
ҶϢҲֻͨСڹȻԴϴν֮ǰ仯ġΧ֪ʲôԭҲ䲻ɺɫˣǸûκ˵ע⡣
ȻҲҶΪ֮
ܿƲҶһҪ˸룬ƵŵǵǰԼҲһʼԺȣҲûŤŶ䣬͵ž¥֮Щĺǵ̸ݡ
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Ϣ޵˵һСɣںûгĸ֣չأ
ƭˣ˵޵ǶǹȥˣҲ֪õʲôؼ鵤µӵΪǴֶǣ
㣬Ϊô۳ؼ鵤ҲһܰٷְٳΪ֡
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ԼĽƾǣҲԹԵĽ׻
УβĪ縸׵ĴôսĴˣһףһĪӦòһ˰ɣ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼſڴһ֮žһȺӿ˽
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Ϊ¥֮ѾûпλٶĸˣΨҶһռһ
Ϊ׵ǸʮˣߵҶǰưĵСӣǮϽˣʦҪˣ
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ҳ꣬Ȼߣ
үģԼҹ
ֻû˵꣬ҶͻȻ𣺡ȹҿ
ţžһ죬Ϳ˾Ȼһţž¥ĴŹ˹ȥ


316 ʵĳ
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˵֮˴Ҷ˹ȥʨɽĵÿһ·
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Ҷ̧ͷȪһأӦþŴΪʦˣȻûзҡҡͷҲǳϣ־ͳ֣ɲصʲôǿ
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ڣ̵ᵽ˸ղŴΪĸоһεýȫİԱǾ׵ĻʨɽӾȻûܵ˿Ӱ졣
Ҫ붯Ҫƿƣó̵ľˣεȻ˿
ЦҶ֮ǿĺ̾磬һأܹƿ
Χֵ˶ˣŴΪɵܾˣôûʨɽĳҲһ
ѵ˵ȥͨͨˣλز¶ĳ֣
̥￪ʼСҩݴҲóȪǶְɣ
ʱִһǸŮ˵֮͸¶һ㲻ͷ˵ϣڸʲôûλӶѣҪôʱ𣿡
˵УһŮ˽Ůˣ¥е˶ǰһһ
ҶȻҲ˵üͷΪͬղʨɽʱĸоһ
˵ȪҲӿֲ˳ĺ˼һֱײ˺һͣ
Ҳ˲Ծһ͸˹Ҷòֻ֮ʱɵĹԲ
ҶҲ΢΢һ¶һ˿ЦݣҲˣΪʲôԼʨɽŮ˵ʱеˡ
ҶɽȣǴźͽɽׯ¾ȳĻʨɽλҩʦ



317 Ʒ
ΪҩʦͬǻʨɽĳϣұȪĵλҪ߳٣ԵʱΧ˶Ϊ϶кϷҪˡ
ʨɽλϣܷŹҶСӣ
ΧĿΪ˱ⱻ꼰Ѿ׷׿ʼӣӣ׼óĵطǾʩչ
Ȼ׼Ѿ֮ȴȻһЦһƨɾҶĶ棬ЦȻĵôɣҶû뵽Ȼܹ㣬Եְ
仰һ˵¥֮˵ӲûϣȪΪ׵ĻʨɽڵӣǼԼĶǲǳ⡣
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ϴζҩᣬҶûдǣǵΪ磬ҲܿǵıĿ뵽Сڹ׵ɱˡ
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սǳĸ֣ͻʨɽɽͬģȻҪΪǰ
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ȻҶѾµˣĻȻصһ£ԭĪĪɽȻĶŮ
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Ȼҽɻ˵ЦŵʵǰݵλʲôȱˣҲҪر׼ҶεĶ࣬Ҫȥĸ߾ǣ
ȻҶе㲻˼ʵҲɽˮͷƤҲ֪ʲôֻܰư͵ĴӦ˵뿪˾¥
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ǻʨɽΪս׼ҶǰʱҶоԼ۾ˣͬʱҲòпΪħʮڣҴҵЩȻ˵ֵǣ϶ǮҲһܹ򵽵ġ
ҪԼҶҵĻҪǮⲻ󣬵Ķȴһò
пţҶĿͻȻЩƷеһɫӸסˡ
һűԵƷ


318 Բ
ҶѪһΪҸֵĿʯƶɵģҸֵ֮ȫͬıԣ
ճñҸƳĳҲӵ˫ԣΪҶѪʱīżֻһŻԵƷǾԵĹؼҶֻȽѪƳ˵һĻԳ
ȻѪѾ㹻ǿ󣬵Ҷȴڵ״̬֮ǰ¶ģպһҪռϣ뷽跨ĲϵѪƷ׵õֱΪĳ
뷨Ǽ򵥣ϵռѶȿɾʹˣֻҪǱԵƷϵޣȫҪġ
ǰڵʱ򣬻ǵһ·ϣҶҲھܵѰƷϱԵޣܿϧ˵ʲôˣƷ޶ûмһֻ
ȻڻʨɽΪս׼֮УȻһűԵƷҶһͷҪ뵽Ѫ֮С
ԹɫȻҶϲΪҶ뽫͸սԿڵҶǺ۹⣬űԵȻ󣬵൱ңҶ͸ǰǰȻǳ˵ģҶðɣ
ҶЦŵ͸ǰģԼҪɣ峤ϣ㿪ۣҳǮ𣿡
˼һˣǿɾ˵ȥˣҶʵ᲻÷ֻ뵽Ǯȥ
תת飬΢һ㽿ЦŵҶ˵̫ˣȻǻʨɽȺ޷ᲢۣһǻõóģҶ߰ɣ
˵ԼǿóݵҶУҶͬԥһ֮󣬱˹峤ϣ֮£ҶģպҪҰæĵطܿڣ
ԴҶ볾֮Ѿյܶ˵ˣҲЩ˵Ŀģ޷£ԼԼùϵŻ˵Ļ
Ҷ˵Բ˵ģһŵ˵Ϳ϶
ܲҶ仰ļֵȥǻʨɽԿˣܹõҶһŵʵ׬ˡ
ܸ˳ŵҶȻе㲻˼һǸս
£ҶõһҶҲ֮˲١
ҶԼھǰɽģȻ绹ʱ䣬ΪǱϾħʮڣսĹȻҪϵ
Ҷȴлˣȵ˳ҶҲûǣҪκˣڵй¶йԼ飬ΪﾹȻһԼеĪе㲻뷨
Īһϲ
ȻڴӦԼʱɽϼ˫ʹ˱
ҶҸջסһߵȴ˳һڳй䣬ҲǶ˽һķ顣
ʱܿȥ˳ûҶҲٵˣսٳˣԼôҲӦǰ㵽Ī绹Īɽȼ档
Ҷ뿪ǣźڵͽɽ
ɽȻϲ̫ɽСֻɽ壬ֱΪ壬ҺǣһɽһɽȴֻԶԶȥһһڻһ㡣
ھλ֮ϣΪսףٵʵ̫࣬ɽ֮ʮڵĵڸӴǼǱ顣
ҶȺﲻ˳ɽ·ɽӿȥǺһпʲôʱԼүүһ٣Ҫһ⣬үүƶֵͶϲ£ˡ
ȺӴҶע⵽ܱ͵٣һͬ¥һ
ɽÿֻܴɽûҲɽȸ½е
ҶʱˣʱԼû˵£ҪԼɽϲȥǿɾ군ˡ
Ķ㲻ֵҶˣһڵĵЦݵ̨ʾ
Ҷͷʵʵ˵ûǺϸ磬ԣǺġ
󣿡ӵЦϣ㶺˲ʲôģû߿ҪԲҲطȻܵϽߣˡ
ҶҲסˣӵӣ˭֪
ʶɨӵڣҶˣӡأҶҶŲϺţ˵ˣûʸ֪֣
뵽ԼڵˣȻᱻΪԲȵģҶǿЦã
ҶվüͷôߣٲߵĻɱҲ˰
Ҷ̾˿üСѲԼܲǿгȥɣεתҪ뿪ȻһӼԳ̵ٶȵǰһסҶֱۣ֮ɫҶǰˣѽҷС֮ʵ̫ˣһûע⵽ҸҸǧС˵


319 ۵ĸо
ҶǰӵĶԻܶ˶ˣҲΪҶҪԲȵģټҲԼҵ̣һֱڱſֵ̬Χۡ
Ȼû뵽ھȻϷԵһĻҶֵĻӣҲڵĵӣôԴҶ̬ȺǰǸȻͬ
һڿ˵С㡱֮ڵС㣬Ī⣬˭
ĪͲ󣬵Ϊ˵ʺսŮݣǵòڸҲǺպ֪ж˶ϣܹһ׷ıǣʮģ൱һ󲿷ֶΪ˿Īģ
˵ʵǼΪḻģڿҶȻǱĪԽӭӵĿˣ̿ʼƲ˵Ĺϵˡ
Ľǣûһûе˫ֿտգֻһСļһĪʲôϵ
ӦĸӵŮɣ
ҲҲǣƾһҵŮйϵ
ҶΧЩ˵ۣǶǰЦ޲øԼĻӿ˿ͻȻȻԭ㰡
Ҷһȥԯ¥ʱ򣬱վ︺ŵӸݺݵıˣǰ֮һ
ȻҶҲĪôǣ
ˣĪ⽫¥ڣҶҶҶѾĿڹĻгһɽɽҶ
һѾʮˣ۾ҪֱˣҲûпҶոϢ۾ʱҶȴǡˣ
ҪǸղҶ˵ĳľҲȲҶˡ
ҶϳԼϵЦҲӵĲˣҶǰɣСɽϵأ
ãˣ
ܸ࣬࣬·Ҽðˣ
ڵӲ֪Ҷݣ̫ˣ֪ҶܿδĳȻͽҶ
ҶЦҡҡͷ˵ڶԷ뿪ɽתżû˵ĺɽȥ
ҶǰɽרΪ׼ĽͨߣҪЩһɽ
ôһͣҶʱ׹ٵô࣬ԼûʲôݵˣɽˣЩͬΪħʮڵĹˣ϶ǸԼһһ·嶥
νĹߣҲһڵгֱֱֻͬ£ܺƶ
дҶȻһᣬĸоԼٶ
ʮʱ䣬ͣƿţȻѾﵽ壡
ûҶΧĻһ˷ܵļ𣺡Ҷܵܣˣ
ҶѭȥһϮȹɽ紵ø߸Ī磬վԼǰ׵ľ룬ϲĿԼ
òһֱҰɣ
ҶͷոðѾѹҶǰСվŵأٵʮˣ
ߴǧף¶ȼͣɽǿȻ߻ϲηɽͺ䣬뵽Ī羹Ȼ¶ȺͺХɽѾվʮ죬Ϊ˵Լĵٲ飬ٶûκθоҶڴʱ˿̣Ҳ̲סӿһů⣬ͬʱ֮ϾȻ΢΢ʹ
۵ĸо
ĪѾһҶǰһų˷ĵĿĵЦݣɽ紵ú˵ߡ
ҶȻһɳ嶯һҪԼ˫֣ȥů˫ĳ嶯
Ҷͬ¶΢Ц㣬ˣ
Ҿ֪϶죬վˣȥڣ
ǰ
Ĵгճյĵȴʮ֮ãȻҶ֣ȴ᲻Ҷɽ紵Ƭ̡
ĪʮȻסҶĸ첲ҶܵҪܾȴҲͬסˣĪԼ뿪ɽ壬һԺȥ
ӿĪҶԶȥıӰ̲סͷϴɵЦĵɲŮòһԣһ˫ٺ٣ò˶ãھиϲˣ
ͬʱһ侫֮УĪĸĪҲͬĿҶĪ뿪һĻ
ĪһֱҸᣬսԼľĪ磬Īȴվʮ죬ԼûκεĻᣡ
ŮĵȴĪκ˶ҪܣȻҶǺ죬սʽʼʱ򣬵սҪµʱ򡭡
Ī᲻ҲԸټȥɬҡҡͷص̾˿簡£İﲻˣ


320 ɽ
ĪҶȥĵһطĸĪķ䣬ĪȻҲһˣȻЦĿǰһ˫ˣ֮ȴһ˿ɬ
˿̵ĪѾȫҸΧˣܹע⵽ĸеĿɬ˷ܵĵҸ˵ҶҶܵܣ
ҶȴĲ˳ĪصĿɬҲûϸ룬ֻǺĪṧһҾףҶݼĸ
ʵҶǳ໹֮ͣѡǰڵѪһǷľ˶ӵһֱʣǰǸ˵һĪȷɲŮòľ䡣
ҶĪﲻסĸ̾û޵ͽ޼飬Ӽֱ̫ʺˣϧǣȴעһ
ǿסĵʹ࣬ĪЦŵͷ߶㣬ǿˣȻһ˲ţһ·˰ɣ磬ϽҶȥϢɣ
ⷬĪһΪĸ׵ĻȻ˵ļΪתȴǿ֮ԣԱ˿ҲͰˣҶȻҲ˿ףȫǽͨĿˡ
ĪеֵĿĪҶܵܵһɽôҲþ֮꣬Ĵιһ°
Īٴ̾˿γԸ˿׵ĶԴҶֻϣԼ˵ܹĪʶʲôǾ֮ĽӴҲǲܵģҶİ֮Լһ仰ġ
Ҳգˣʣµʱ䣬úõܺҶһĻʱ⣬ҲΪպһļɡ
뵽ĪϵЦԱôȰ࣬ͷ֪ˣ⺢Ӱ֮ģˣǹܲˣ͸ɣҶҲҪͽﵱԼļң
һ˵ĪϲЦտҶȴеٴβĪԴԼ̬ϵת䣬ȻɻĪĸףʲô֮
ˣҶܵܣ߰ɣҴĴתת
ãҶȰݱĸ
֮ϣҶǼΪܵģٴζĪһ֮󣬲ŸĪ뿪˷䡣
˵ıӰĪҧأȥԼɷһ£ûʲôİ취Ӧ޵ûȥֻǱ۾Ŀϡ
ܹҶ棬Ī˵ֱһ˷ܵ˼㣬;ûͣϵĸҶ֮ϵһЩ㡣
ҶҲЦǺǵţһ·֮ϣڵĵӣǿһ󣬸ıǼ˹һսĪɽʲôʱСǰôĹ
ͬʱսҲԳ嶥Ĺ̨ϣңңԶٷɹһ޴塣
ͬΪħʮ֮һĺеķйߣ
ȻӰǰսףٵı;Ѿʼ½ţʨɽˣȴûһܹս
ܼ򵥣սǳĸ֣׵ȥЩСֻеȵʽٿ죬Ż¶棬бͼһ档
ڣԺڵˣսȴҪӭӣ
գ۵Ĺ򣬿еľ޴Ѿ˹̨ϣͬʱ򿪣˴˳
Ϊ׵һòӢƷǷˣü֮ȴһɺεİ
ǺĳɽҲսΪĪѡķ
Ȼɽʮ꣬Ѿǳһصĸ֣ɲƾжɣǿŴҩľ磬˵ǳ𵤾ͳ֮ࡣ
˶뷢԰׵ߣǺڵĳϣֻвûкڵá
Щˣսвһ˿ŭҪ˵ԼĴ٣òˣǹԼŮɽĻ£þȻǹΪ֮ҪԼһͷ
ʱɽѾЦݵߵսǰһҾ׵ɽײ
ˣսҲֻŭЦ˫ֽɽֶôû
ɽЦŵҵڱչزһսײתһǸ⡣
սղЦΪѾ֮ߣȻô̿࣬ҵȺհߣȥڡ
һ˱˹̨սȥɽһܣʵײôûӣ
⼸ڵıʵ̫࣬ҪŴ֣æŰţҲȥˡ
ĪҶʮ飬սʵҲֻ֪ǵȻܸɽˡ
ŶɽЦŵͷһȥþò
һ˽Ǹüúˡ
ʱǰɽĹ֮Ȼһ˷ܵŮҶܵܣϾ͵̨ˣ￴ճɫǳϲһճɣ


321 ·
ڵʵ̫ˣǱͻڵĵӣȺˣЩֻҪĪ磬۾ֱ̿ˮ޲Īϣһ̲롣
ĪȻϰĿ⣬ҶǰϣҶκεᣬԸɴ뿪ڣǰķ嶥̨ڵĽֻսʸǰһ¸ˡ
ĪȻսɽ˵ĶУսɫ˲˱䣬͵̨ˣԲ֪ҶѾڵ飬ûϵĪ羹ȻҶ̨ɽ
ʲôʲô
µ񣬶û취ˣսһת΢΢һЦɽɣѾͷ治߶˵꣬ʹűι۹̨ˡ
ɽɫЦЦղĪҶܵܡҪҶܵܵô£
ΪɽƹĹϵĪ粢ûзսһˣҶȻˣҲû⣬Ͼֲ̫ɽɵĵˣ̫ˡ
ڣĪҶתɽǰվŵսʱʱסˣ
ȻҶûмսǶڳֵĸоԼĪżƵĳ࣬ȴ˲³˶Էݣ
ҶͬûκζֻǾվĪߣƽĻӦŶǼ˫ԼϵĿ⡣
ð֮ĪڻعͰ͵ĵ㣬ô⣿
սһμҶԼŮǵˣȻòϾ͵ƾҶԼȴûκλţʮ򶨵ƣܿӵȷڲͬľȴֻܼϸĽɫ
սջĿ⣬ⲻȥѯҶݣǶĪ磬ǵɽɣǿ÷ġ
ʵĪɽ÷˼ĴҲᳬΣսô˵ȻΪҪĪ磬ͬʱҲҪҶףĪɽһԣ
Īˣɫʱһ䣬볶Ҷ̵ͷߣ˵棬ȴûӣֻ˳սĻȻǵãڵɽӴ磬룬ӦǵĵΣǵĴμɣӴ磬ã
ĪڸҶͣҶԼıӣڸȽϳٶ۵ʱѾԼ뵽һЩ飬Ȼûͨ͸
ɽ۾ͶĪƲˣʵεĻ£ǲͬģΪʮ֮ǰȻĪ磬ʱĪǸʮѾͷƬӣܹ
Ȼû뵽Ůʮ˱䣬ĪѾһ˱µˣ
ɽǵ㲻Ըͷɵ⣬Լδŵϱ϶Цһ仨ӣղҲźͲ˵㣬û뵽ھͼˣҼĸ֮󣬻鷳ҹɽ
ĪͬЦĵ˼Ӵ磬⼸ҶûգһҸĵӣɽɣ
˵֮ĪתͷҶˣҶܵܣҵĸף
Ҷ΢΢һЦսһҾ׵Ҷݼײ
Ī绹ԼʼûиҶԼĸ飬ҶǿҶûκβ֮ɫŷ
Ҷİݼսޱĵͷ˵ĪȴѾȵæǾͲˣҴҶܵȥĵطתת
˵֮󣬸ս˵ĻᣬҶĸ첲תߣҶҲܵԼˡ
սͣ˵ʲôתһ룬ڽֻԽԽ鷳Ծ뿪ˡ
ȵԶ֮ɽЦеʵײʣǸҶܵ˭ҿܰƺе㲻׵ɣ
ȻɽѹûнҶĪԴҶ̬ȣǿĺΪĪδķҲȫʸ˵Ļ
ս޷ֻҡҡͷҲʶҲ֪ｻѰɣҶ̫簮е޷ˣպȥӼңͷֶˡ
ɽһĨЦײԷģȵӼңҿ϶չ˵΢ģ
ĪҶȻ뿪˹̨ǿɽ͸׵̬ȣԼʶʲôȻҲûȥˣҶǸĵҶܵܣˣһеҪһ£ȸ㰲Ÿطס£һ㡣
ҶЦŵͷԣˣôûĪֺͺϸ磿
ɽ¥æӦþܸϻˣ󲮲ϣȵҵʱŻ
ŶҶλģȻڣֻˡ
Ҷ͵˿ͷ֮ĪͣҵԼĸףǸɽô£


322 Ҳͬ
˿̵ĪѾǶߵһͣµ䡣
Īʵ޷ĿԼŮڹʹʹԵĪʳ֮һһʮû˿ĽսľԼеǰϸ˵˳
ŮǸģĪҲµ۵ĽĪ§ԼĻĸŮĬĬĿš
磬ǵȻ˵ǲ˵㣬Ҳûа취ˣΪڵԲҵԲԼǲܲǧڵӵ
޼ˣ޵ǿĿɽ֮϶뷽跨ԸڣֻϺڣǲԿܾܵıסڵˡ
ӣ˻һÿ鶼³ɵģϣҺ
Īſĸ׵ĻУȻʮֵģʮֵĲԸγ׸ĸĿġ
ֻȻе㲻޵ô£Ϊ͸һҲȥй޵ϢǵõĴ𰸣ȫ
᲻ǵϢʧˣ
Ϊ˴̽޵Ϣ֪𣿾Ϊ֪Ҳ㵣ģԲɳȥЩˣĸϢ
µĪеһ˿ϣҲ֮ˣϾͨ˼ҵŮӣΪħʮ֮һڵĴС㣬֪ԼٲԸ޸ɽٲԸ뿪ҶΪڵƽҪ
ĸ׵Ļ̧ͷĪ磬Ѿֹͣ˿ԼϵȻûиɣȴȥĸ׵֪ˣˣ鷳˵һͬ޸ɽ
һ仰Ī缸ҧ˵ģŮģĪոֹסٴε
ȻʱȻһŭ⴫Ҳͬ⣡
ţš顱һһɴ˿⣬ͬһһվŭ
ͻȻ֣ĪĪ綼΢΢һ㶣Ѿ˽ŭĵð˵սôúõĽɳȥԭ벻ͬ⣬͵͵Ľ޳ȥ
󱾲ڵˣΪսʶи֣ںսΪֵ֮󣬾ͼڣס֮ϡ
ӣԴĪҽܳԺ󣬾ͽǵԼĺһΪĳ磬һֱСĺǻչ˳ɳ
ںĻԸԼĪܵĹϵսȻ˭Ҳ֪Լľܹ˵ӣǿ϶˵˺Ϊ˱Լ޸ɽʱ£ɴͱ˸ɣ֧ˡ
Ȼû뵽ȴ˸ۣԽԽòԾս֮գȻԼڴţ϶Ⱑߵһ˻ֱĪᣬҪеô¡
ղĪĸŮһԻһֲĵķŭȻҲˮǴߣһֱڰ䵱Īεıʾ֮ͬ޷ͣױˡ
ĪĸŮڣѾָĪã˵㣬սͿôҲźͿһϴΣѵһ޵һ޼ͽų˵Ҷöˣ
Īἱæ͵ϸ磬ô򵥣
죡ƢĻ˭ҲĴĪĻҶˣǶɮħĹЩǼ𣿲˵ģǱ˻˵ҺΪͨ죬޵أôţ
㣬Ѿͷҿǿ㳤ģƢĺܣΪڣΪˣԼҸΪΰ󣿸㣬ⲻΰɵҶСҲǳϲ϶ǸʲôƨɽǿĶ࣡
ˣ˵ôɶսȥȭͷҲҪͬҶһ𣡡
˵֮󣬺תҪߣȻʱĪȴź󲮲ȵȣ
ͣȴûתֻǱĪ磬ҵš
Īߵ˺ǰͻȻͨһȥӲסûȥֻĿ˵Ŀ
󲮲֪ΪҺã뿴ѾͷҸѾͷף
ĪţҲˣôǵĿԣ⡣
ҲǵĻǲТӲҪҶһ𣬱ڣǲңΪҵ˽ģܻǲʣǧҶǲ壡
ĪԴ˵£ŵ󲮲ѵϣѾͷΪԼҸΪһҲТʲ𣿡


323 Ҷĸ
˫Ѿΰͬɽ㴣Ҳ̲סĲճȭ˫֮Ϸ˿񱩵ȴûпԻĿ꣡
Īÿһ仰ÿһֶشһصôϡ
ȻĪνҲТʲ塱еǣǿ޿ɷϣ˵Ҳʵ
ͬս˽һܲ˽ԼֵܣսǵСų֮
ǣԲǣ
ֵܶʮǿĶ֮ʱҲȻ̸Цû˿η֮ɫ
ǽʱͬգʱսʲôĪҲûΪӣǿûκεĸԺںԼ
ڲͬˣսڵҪڵĵӸ𣬶Դǧ֮õڸ
ðһ˿Σյķգô
޵ǿӹɵģ޼ĸ֮εļҲӹɵģôսͱҪԼŮҸΪڻȡı
ˣսʵûд
ĪһУҪΥĸľԼ˺ڵİΣڲˣӲҪ޸ҶĻôպĻ޵ֵ֮ʱе
޺޵һţŭĽ޼ھȥɱ㣡
˵֮ҲĪĪĸŮŭĳ˳ȥ
ĪԾɹڵϣѾһŶ֧ĵ棬ĬĬᣬĪҲߵǰŮԲίˣ
Īҡҡͷû£һ˾һ
仰֮ĪҲת뿪ˣֻ彩Ӳֱһʬһûꡣ

Ȼĺ޲ھͽǸ޼ʬΣȸ½ôȥҽ޼ڿк޺޵ķϰȦ֮кȻðһͷ
ս֮ҪĪ޸ɽ޷Ǿ£ĺڣýڵԿ޵ôҶıҲһǿĺͺڲµĿɽ񲻾ͿĪ޸Ҷˣ
Ҷıпɽ
Уڣ
սһҪĳȫڣǸܵ£
֮⣬Ҷܻɽ
ͻȻǰһˣڵĴѡ֮ϣԼƴֹ⣬дȺڵˣ
ѵ˵ҶʹȺʲôϵ
ȺڵʵҪǿ̫࣬Ȼ˵ھ˵ʹ˵еľйϵǴ˵϶Ƿƨţ
ҶܹȺΪɽĻû׼սͻͬĪһ
ֻҶôҲܺʹȺϹϵ
ʾ֭˼ţ˵ʵһⶼûУǶӷ棬ĲóʮϣĪɽھͺˣСӵĹ࣬ڵĻû׼ܹһЩ취
ѾҪץˣϴĴԼԴҪ͸ɴƭƭս˵ҶʹȺкܴĹϵȰǰɻȥ˵սҴƭҲûô򵥣ѽ벻԰ӦȥҶԼŵ£͸ȥ룬ʲô
뵽̵תΣȥ

Ȼ˵һ˾һĪ֪ԼҪȥģ֪֮䣬ȻҶסĿͷ⡣
ŽرյķţĪ¶˿ɬЦݣԭΪԼȻѾ˾ԼԾɻ޷ƭԼԼˣҶ
ȻĪӿһɳ嶯ҪȥҶϲϲԼ
ԼİӹɣҲؿɼģֱڣȴûиԼһ϶Ĵ𰸡
ǰԼԵȣԼжȥͨǿܹ˺ģȵԸԼ飬ûκǿİԼ
ڣԼûʱˣһ֮׵֮ϣ׾ҪԼɽϢǸʱľѳۣԼҶټĻᶼûˡ
ԼⱲӵһεİҲһεİȻ޼գǣԼҲӦ֪Լ˵뷨
ĪﲻϵĴ˻ţԼŲȥƿȽյķţεЦЦûһ
Ϊ֪˴Σ
Ҷ˵ϲԼԼģ˵ϲԼԼģ
Ѿ˶֣޸ĵ飬ֺαطҪȥ׷Ѱһ𰸣
ǰ벻һжѾΪ˹ȥԼһõ㽣ݼԼɣ
ŷţĪĬĬĵҶҲټ㣬¼Һò¶ľֻģ͵ҶĸɣȻ֮ѾûпܣǣԶⱲΨһˣϣһжã
Īת뿪ˣҶķҲ֮򿪣Ҷվſڣ˫ĿעǸԶȥıӰüͷšһ֮ٴδһĪ΢΢ʹ


324 ˣڼ
ĪҶʱҶͺǾͬʱˣԭҶΪĪҪԾûгȥȻĵȴƬ̣Īǵûн뿪ˣвΪɻſ˳
ĪԶȥıӰҶסջסˣԼôٴε۵ĸо
Īֱ֮Ҷһ˴ʱзȥľŸղżսһĻ
ȻٶۣҶӿɲټϲǺ󣬻үүѾĸ߹ĪʵҲǵһĿʼ˼Լ̬ȡ
Īʶʼһֱڣһÿһ涼µҶԺһһֳ
ĪһЦһ򭣬һϲһŭһϮȹվ壬ǿɽ罫·һ棬һӡһ㣬ӡҶͷ
һ⿪ʼҶԺ֮ңϲĪ
ĪıӰʧҶȻƬ֮󣬸صʱȴٿȻ̧ͷһӰӿԶĳԼ˹
ϸ磡
ϳǺҶϲ¶ЦݣʶֻĪ֮⣬λϸİǾ޴ԿҲĸе˵ġ
Ȼȴŭ壬ӿֱҶǰ˫ĿԲĵһ仰Ҳ˵
ҶĪжеëĵϸ磬ôˣ˭˲ɣ
ߣȻһߣƿſڵҶ󲽵߽˷䣬һƨ֮ϴĵҶţ
򵥵֣ͷҶüɵҲܿǶԼԹԼû
룬ҶĹ˷ţ˽ȥںǰ
˭Ҳ˵ôţջǺȱﲻסˣȻһӵҶʹ컰㵽ϲϲ磡
⣬ʱҶסˣôɰɣôԼԼһ
ҶԼû𰸣ȻҲ޷κδ𰸣ֻת˻ϸ磬ղ㣬˵أôģ
ôˣٴһӣݺݵĵҶǶΪ㣡
Ϊң
ȻѾͷˣԺıƢȻҲ޷ˣԾͳˣͬͲһ㣬ȥһԵĶ˳
һ˵֮󣬺ץϵĲҲãһȫ
˵ɣСӣʲô뷨
ںĹ̵УҶһֱɫƽţȴǲϵһһľˣ
˵Ҳ֣ԼӦǶ޵ΪģǵսΪ˱ڣòĪ޸ɽʱȴΪ޴ŭ
ԺѯʣҶһЦϸ磬ڵ飬һʲô뷨˵㲻ҲѾͬ𣿡
޲һҶ㲻СͲȴܹڳֵȻ̬ȣΪĸΪڵӲͬģǸı⣡Сӣղ⣬㻹ûлشûо¸ûκιϵҲȷҪκ뷨Ҳϲ磬ҲѾͷио£뷨ͺҪˡ
ҶĬˡ
ĪЦòٴεĳԺУ뵽Ī罫ܻ޸һˣһԶһʱٴӿʹβ΢΢ʹǾҵģ
ʹҶòסԼؿڣ
̶һʱ䣬۵ĸоҶԼĸ飬ԼҪģ
ҲԼĪĸ飬ﲻĳ̶ȣٿԿ϶ԼʲôĪӦսľ޸ɽôպԼԻڣ
ȷ³ɣҲϣԼҪκεĺڣ
ˣڼ
һ̣ҶԼĸ飬Լ·
һҶڵϸ磬ҵ뷨ҪҲܸıײ뷨ô죿
ȻҶûֱӳϣ仰ȴѾӵĳˣ
ϵŭҲҶ仰Цȡﳤĳ˿Ѿͷĸ㲻һգֻҪҶҲѾͷ⣬¾ͻϣģ
ĴһҶԴСӣһĪӣҪ˵ô鷳£ˣҸղ뵽һ취㣬ʹȺʲôϵ
Ҷ֪ΪļӳϣںλѾȻת䣬ԲŻǵĶȫǽδѾͷķˡ
ҺʹȺڵĹϵѰɣ
Ҷգգ۾ʹȺڵĹϵ治˵Ȼ˳˵ǽ˴ȺڵԼԼֻʱүүһľѡ
ȺڣҲ˶ⶣҵŮͬĪһҲʼմ
ҲոŪԼĸ飬һαòȷʣѵ˵ͬʱϲˣҳʲôˣ
ʱ˼ҲУҶʴȺڵˣܲݳϷð»ֵ֮ģ


325 ²
ĻҶעת˹΢΢㵵ĵΪʲôҪⳡϷ
㵽ûҸղŸ˵Ļս֮Ҫ޸ɽҪͨķʽͺڸùϵӶͬԿǸ޼ڵ޵ܹսΪԵȺڵȻı⣬ϾĴ˵翵ģԶûʵڵĴȺڵİҪʵʡ

Ҷû뵽ںĿУȻʡ
ôҲ֪ûʲôȣʵ
ҶһԼȻ֪Ĳ˽⣬ΪԼһֺΣյĸоԼϴζûѯʡ
ںȻ˵˳ôӦ֪ʲô
ϸ磬ô£
ˣⶼǴ˵ѹţ˵ʲô֮ϻи죬סĶһЩͨ󣬻ӻ־һеĿֲ֣Ϊ˱ʾǵĳ羴ΪˣǸڣ˵ͺ;йϵȻĻսҲҪͺˡ
Ҷɫʵϸ磬ֻǴ˵𣿡
ôűӵҶȻˣòΪʲôĴڣлӻ־һеĹƨ˰ɣҿⶼǱԶﴫеɾäĿٽų档
ϸ֪鵺𣿡
֪ͺһȺڴĻȻб۵˵ʲô֮Ҫ˵Ļöˣһ˾û鵺ưˣǻ鵺Ҳֻǹں֮ϡ
ܺ˵Ĵ֣ҶȴΪֻǴ˵Ϊõ֤Ѫ
ѪһĴڣȻ֪γֵģܹѪģҲֻоЩܹˣ
ˣЩûõ˵ɶǽ˵£ֻҪսΪдȺɽΪôͿ϶ὫѾͷ㣬аôȺڵݳϷôҾȥս˵ڹؼͿˣ
Ϸ
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Ҳã˳ҲãȻԼǵѣȴʵʵĽԼԸԼ£
ҪϷҪð䣡
ֻԼ뵱ҲڴȺڵ
ûдȺڣԼҲûпɽˣǡǡ෴ԼűȴȺҪǿĿɽѪ
޵Լ֮ĳޣ˵ǲˣԼƽľȳҲܷŹɣԣԼ޵֮䣬һս
Ȼ޵ڣԼսɣҲԼĪһݻرɣ
ҲǴ˺ڣǲǺ;йϵǽ˽г˳Ҳϸ˽һ£Ѫ֮ĶԹ
СӣЦʲô㵹˵仰
󿴵ҶʱȻ¶΢Ц޲ø⣡
Ȼ˾ҲʱΪ֮˲٣ҶЦĸӲˣϸ磬ģ֪ôˡ
ô
ʱܣ
㣡
Ҷɫϸ磬лЩ飬ģҶһᾡȥֹ޸ڵˣҲȥ취Ը޵Ҳͬҵĵˣ
գŴۣҶ㶵Ŀ˰֮ðһ仰Ը޵ʱһҪң
һ
뿪ˣҶҲź߳ӣʱѾҹ¹ССͥԺ
¹⣬ҶԺǵ֣ȵս֮ǿ¾Ҫʱʱ̿Σ֮ˣ²£
ǷһȻڲҶԼӡ
Ҷ̲סЦ㿪Ц֪϶£ǵȷҪץǵʵΪүү˵ĵ˽ԽԽǿ󣬲޵Ǵ˵еľ죬ǼȻҪԸҶǾҪ׼һĴۣ
ĵ˵ͷѪɫ˫֮Уٴγ˴Ե

ڶ죬ҶûټĪ磬Ǹǰ˵ǷС֮ǰҶǲġ
ҶܹõĪӦΪ˱ԼģԸɴ಻ԼˣֵԼز죬һԼʶĵӹ
֮£ĪȻΪԼ룬ҶȻʮָжȥĪ磬ȴסˣΪѾͺԼˣúȲҪԼ뷨͸¶κˣһжȵ֮ʱ˵
Ȼеģʵ̫࣬Ҷɴĵĵȴ硣


326 λ
ħʮ֮һսڿʼˣ
ٿ֮ؾڵĴΪˡ
ȻڶµĹأһֻ׼˽룬ǼǰıҲǧ֮࣡
ҶڻеĴ£˴֮ûȻиλоѾڵĵӽˣû취̫࣡
ҶҲ⣬վܣˣ
˳ԼɽǵھȻûΪ˳ԼһΪû֮ɽ⣬תһ룬˳ǴȺڵûֻҪ֣Ȼᱻ
ڻûмֻ˵Ӧûûе
ֹҶˣսһҲˣҵĪɽ
ĪɽȻΪҪԯ¥񣬵Ҳʱûиϻѯ¥Ǳߣ˵ĪɽѾ뿪ˣ˵ҪȥһطȡȻٻڣ֮ʧȥϵҲûл
Ȼսе㵣ĪɽİΣҲܣĪɽ뿪¥ʱΪҲǵһ¥ɽ֮䣬Ӧòʲô¡
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Ҷż⣬쳤Ѱ˳ʱ򣬺Ȼһڵ߹һѵվŵ·Ͻ£Ǹ˭ģ
Ҷע⵽Լվһڴס˵·ҲõһߵԼġ
ԼģԲŵĶҶ˼ۣȻһָŴһӵǰɣ
ͨ˼һɣٿʢϯ֮ʱλкʲôλöǺнġ
ǰ˵ܹıȻǹҲʨɽЩʮ֮ڵڱŵλϸߵĵӡ
ȻһˣԽţ˵ԽͣǸӸҶָλãʵ˵˾֮͵λˣ˵ǿˣ˵ͯ
Ҷȴ˿Ϊ˹ȥ£ȤĴΧ
ִ󳡺ǵһμϴڣΪŵλ˵ʱȻûڵ̴󣬵ҲСˣμӵĶڵĵӣǴ֮ϣڵ˵Ҳһȫµ顣
Ҷģһ֮˲½ڵӵĴµˡ
˻϶Ⱥģǰӵģұ˴֮䶼̸Цĳɤţ±˲֪Լ˭һ
һˣ
ԭǴְºڷկկƣպգ
ڷկǲһҹ֮һеǸڷկ
СС¼ֵһᣡ
Щ˵ĶԻҶĴ㶼ҪЦˣǲһһ
ҶҲˣ˺⣬˵ڵҲֻͨĿˡ
ģԽԽ࣬ǴӴŽˣɨһλϣȴ΢ЦſСڹˣȻмĴӱǿзһߣͷ߹ȥ
ЩԼȻĽһСͯˣѯʵĿȻҲȥҶǺ⣬֪ľָ·֪Ҳ˵֪
ҶҲˣǶʮ꣬һǸĺǵǼʶġ
ȻЩ߶ֻӡȴļ̳ǳͳ̻֮ţȻ˴һһʱ֮䣬յ쳣ֺг
ȻڵİţӦȰЩͨϯȻǹڵˡ
ڣ˽֮ϵҲĲˣŵʮȴȻţҶҲݽÿ˵Ϊ磬Ǹ˸ŵƶϡ
򵥵˵ʮſŵĶЩʵʮڵмڵӢڣӢҪ΢ǿڴģž൱ڵľһ
Щ˴ڴȵģԲܱκεԹԡ
ȻûˣôȻ͸ˣҶеǣϯľȻڵˣоĪ磡
ĪΪսŮ˵Ӧ֣ȴʱˣ
ȻĪѾĵ͵ˣĳ֣ڳ˵ע⣬Ů
ĪվѾҶע⵽ҶλϣԵһ˿ŭλӣԼܺҶһҲԼĿˣôֵ
ҲŭûΪ߸λʦ֣Ҳսλ״ӣȫǳĸ֡
ĪóǸҶһۺ󣬾ͼٵĵͷٲҶ࿴һۣλʦֵĴӵ£߽


327 Դ
ԴԼԴĪĸ֮ҶʱټĪ磬ﷴʮ̹ƽϵЦҲǷġ
ĪһȻ߽ȴûվ֮ҶҲȻҪӴͰŹλ
ȻǹôܵĴȻҪͨͲͬˣΪͻڶǵأսŻɳԼ״ӺŮԽӴ
ʵ˵ĪǲӦóֵģĪɽ𣬲ĪɽڻûгȻֻĪˡ
ĪŸû˿ЦӣҶٴλһ˿ۣȻ֪еԭ
ûкҶڶڹﱻֱӴλٽĪ̬ȣҶĸܻ߰ܿһŭ֮·뿪ӶĪԹޣ
ҲĪϣģֻϣǳκìܵģ
ΪĪȻѾԼҸͼ֣ԸΪڵİΣ޸ɽôһϣҶܹסԼסԼŮˣ
һ棬ϣҶܹԼиõĹޣѡǾʲôҶ֪ҶԼԼӶԼĿеӡ
һеĿ࣬еʹĪһĬĬеˣ
һŮˣܹΪһ˿ǵ̶ֳȣݰԸ춯أ
ȻĪΪҶ֪Ҷȫˣģ͸İ
ĪĿĲȥҶҶĿȴǺ޹˼ɵͣϡ
ֹҶ˿˵Ŀ⣬ҲǼĪϣ
Ī粻˼£Ҳͬ׷ߣ˭ҪܰĪȢ֣͵ӵڵİڽɽҵ˫գ˵κһ飡
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һž֮ĿڿʼСҶڵһҲ⣬Ȼ۵ĽĪ硣
ιιιûУĪ磬ղŶҿһۣо͸һ
ٳˣңëϵ
ˣ𳳳ˣһҲе֪֮ˣʵң
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ȻͱͱҶιǣ˵ղĪ翴֮еĸ
ҶˣȻʵʵ˵ʵ˵Ҳᱻ˵ɼٻ΢΢һЦ𣿸ղڷʵûעⰡ
Умĵһû棬ɵ˰ɣ㣬ֳ֮£һ֣װˣʲô֣ĸɵġ
ҶЦŵҽҶ̨أ
ŷ磬ϼڵĵӣ϶֪ϼڰɣħʮڵĴɣ˵¶˰
ȻҶû˵ʲôϼڣǵֵ
˵˵ŷİڰ֣ʾһַ緶ҶֵܣԵպлĻȥϼϽµϼתתﲻʲô£ֻҪҵ֣Ժʹ
ҿллˣлһȥҶЦеĵͷΪʵڳ̫࣬ӴĶͱˣĴûܹͬʹ졣
ʱ֮Ȼڵӵĸߺħܼµ
ħҲħʮ֮һΪڵжһ֣ͣȸ½֮ϣܹΪʮеģڱȻгĸ֣ͬʱҲǳֵΣһ£ЩҲ¶ġ
ħܹɳһܼμ磬ҲǸսˡ
е˶Լͬı͡
²ǴܼңľΪҲǲͣЦе˽
ĪλʦǰȥӭҲҡڵĸǵ󣬽ˣǱʼտŵʮ֮ϣԭרΪе׼ġ
µĹҲﲻĳˣźħʮڵ̳֣ҲԽԽࡣ
ÿһŷͻߴߴĸҶһ԰Լļʶ㣬ҶҲȷǲʶʲôˣԾЦеţһһͷͣùŷ˺Ϊʦͷ
һλͽ֮ԱϵһһָҶ͹ŷιܱܲ죬͸һ˵û꣬ˣ
ѹģҲΧ˽Ŀ׷Ͷ˹ŷ籾뷴һ󺺴·֮̾ЦǸ
λɷ̵̨ǲ˵ˣ˵ˣ
ɷ̵Ĵ֮ɫҪǿǰϣӷǺúýѵһٲɣҰͱսˣ˵֮󣬿Ūǣ
ǣ֪ˣ
ڹŷ粻ͣǸ֮ʣҶȻ΢Цſ˴󺺵ҪŪ˭


328 
ȻûϵҶȻһ죬һɾ뷢Ҳɵս磬Ļǿǲսӣʱڵ˿ɲ˭˭ûһɱ˶пܣֻסݺݵĵҶСӣҼסˣɢ֮ţ
ΪʲôҪȵɢ֮鲻ھͽɣ
˵֮䣬ҶȻվҲŴ˹ȥŷɫŰˣæסҶ½ҶֵܣǸɶأ嶯ħϽ£
ΧҲÿһڿҶȻսϺ˶ִܣԼ
ҲˣҶĴԼᱻҶǣǼڣԼɶҪùæָҶ££
˸ӭڵ⣬˶ŵģҶһͻأվ˵Ŀ⣬ȻҲĪġ
Ī֪ʲô£ֻҶƺͱִˣﲻżȻ֪ҶΪҲû۸ϾԼ׵簡
϶֣˾ǲսӣսĵҶ
ʵҶγ֪㣬ֻĿģ
Ī缱æԼһλʦȥô£ǻûλʦֳȥ֮ѾһЦҶôôĻСﻹҪԳ֣ƽˣ
£ڵӵĺҲ𣺡ʨɽȪ
Ȫ˴ҡڵ˽ǸղŶڷѾˣȻʮֲ⣬ҶݣôһСɵĵִô˵ȻӲܣſڽΧ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʵͻȻվҪͶԷֵԭ
ȪֲܷܷأΪҪǵע⡣
Ҷĳƺ˶סˣǸɷ̵Ĵ󺺸ѾˣŷҲȻգգ۾ΪԼˣ
ħʮڻʨɽĳϣƺҶСӽҶ
Сӵʲô
ЦٻȻĪ̲סӹһ˿⣬æλʦֵܵǰߵǰĵҶм䣬ĵ峤ϣϣ
ҶǳûԼԭȵλӣĪһۣǷһĽЦǰɣȻ˹ɫǲˣＴɣ
˵֮ߵ˹ŷߵСӣ鷳øλ£
ŷƬ֮󣬲šһлع͸ķɿվȻָӣԼݺݵڵϲ£Цĵǰ
һЦСһǰ;
Ȼһƨȥһ˶ɵˣĪλʦָԭأ֪ôˣ
˵Ŀ⣬ЦеתͷȪϣղ˵ĻûҶ£ǵ£ǵǻʨɽ
Ȫһͷף˵ɷ̵Ǹȥ
ʱ󺺶ӵ£ʨɽĳҪԳֶԸԼԼʮҲ
ʱҶڵײ磬ǻǲҪµĺá
ȪͷһɨĵСӵʦų˭ϽҹǿȻһɱһΣ
ʱվ˵һ䣬ԹԵĲϵǸ󺺣ˣҵʨɽ
Ȫʹ˸ɫŴΪ̻ĽճȫŵҶߣԭҶߵˣȻԹԵļһ
ȪųĪ繰ֵĪС㣬Ǿˣ㲻ùˡ
ŴΪͷʦأ
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ҶﲻԸпȻǵʵݶ֪ǾΪԼιǾƺȣ뵽Ҳӣֱ̫ˣ
ҶҲˣɴĽǷŵϣȻָŻŵһӶԹŷ֣Ҳ°ɣ
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329 Ҷļƻ
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Ŷǲ׹ǲûɱˣֻǸ˸ղߵɷ̵һѵѡ
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ĪҲʱԼҶľģɵעҶ֪ôôɵĳϼʶҿϵѵΪ˵ݣ
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ȻˣԼ͸һͽĻᣡ
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ʵ֤ļƻɹˣǻʨɽ£ŽɽׯҲˣɽ֮еɣӺȸۣ
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սһĻʱǲǻΪľȷأ
ȻҶƻӺȸ۵Ҳˣƺڤڤ֮ҲڰҶľȻɽ֮еҶ
ȻûκҶߣ
ǣս֮ϳһֵ֮ǿһˣ֮Уλȴˣ
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Ҷ˿ȻƽȴĬĬ߶ţ˳ֻˣֻҪˣҾͿԽһļƻˣ


330 ɵ̬
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𿴻ʨɽɽׯЩսף٣ʵҲҪ֮ĹϵƣӶԼպķչ·ߡ
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е𾪵ģ֮ϾȻǸҶȺλУΧҶģ
սüͷ΢΢һ壬Ī磬ΪĪĹʱһѾæܵߣСĽľ˵һ顣
Ȼ˽˾սԾɲΪʲôЩҪ˰Ҷ
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ڿҶսĻȻ֮սûվսҲƺȺ껹Ҫļһ̾еԭ
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սѯʿƽЩһжʮף̽Լ˵̬ȣ
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ҶȻ˥ܵȴʱп˵ĴȺڣսڣĿǰսͺߵһ
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ս׼ߵʱʼվԱߵɽȴͻȻڣֱӳҶλСֵܣ֪ôƺ
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ƭδĪ磬ǲ֪ʲôʽƭЩɵˣ
ڣԼҪĿ¶˵ǰĹڣȻɱ


331 վҶ
ò˵ɽ⻹ĽҶסˣ
˵ҶʵɣȻ˺ʹȺԼԼɡ
Ȼ֪Ŀǰ£ԼԲ˵Լɣǵ׸˵Լĸأ
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ô˵˵ԼǴȺڵģԼȺλҲʵˣ޸ĵĿˣ
ҶȻشԼ⣬ɽϲ¶˳֮ɫûע⵽սֵĿԼ
ȻսҲ벻ͨΪʲôЩ˶ҪͽҶȻ֪Ҷ˵ݣɽҪҶʵԼԼҲʹ찡
ɽһЦҶֵܣô˵̫ǿ˵ŵǣɰ
ⷬȻôڵ˶˺Ц
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۹ܹɱ˵ĻôҶѾٱϰٸ˵Ŀɱʮˣ
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սȴҲ޷Ϊһʧȥ˺λѣ
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սɽҲ޵еʱһȥŭʱĴ𣺡ƤģûôƤģˣûҵͬ⣬Ѿͷ˭Ҳޣ


332 ȼ
ڳˣλȻԭڣڵĵλȴսƽƽڳ󲿷˻ʶģ
ȻսеôǰˣǺĳ֣ǽĿǰΡ
ս뿪˵ȴûпǴߵҶǰҶ͵͵գգ۾
ֻҶһ˿ˣҲ˸мΪǺķʽԼ
תɽɨһۺһЦ϶Ķӣߣ϶ǽ̵ĺöӰСС;͸ſڴƻơ
ɽһǰλڵĳһĻվȴɽЦеסȻźһݼǰǰѵǣȴſڴƻƣǰŵĻײ
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һҶϵܡ𾪣˿ȸղɽˡҪСٴλԼĶǲˡ
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ҶɫƽԥһµҶϵܣ˵ʵҲȽϺ棬͵ô˵棬ܸܲҸӣ˵˵
˵ͬʱҶ͵͵ָָһԵս˼ԣɾˣϽĿɽɣһĻսɽı֮£˵ľǿɾʲôˣ
ȫ𾪵ͬʱҲ˶䣬ȻĿҶ˵ɲװģҶʲôأ
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ҶҲûӣ̽ŵҶĳţˣ
һ˵ȫһ㶣̶ͱһЦɽϼдˡû˵ɣǸƭӡı顣
ҲһЩûЦоͰս򸾣֪Ҷûѣ
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ҶЦſһ۵ڣ˼Ҫ࣬ҲԼûĲСϹϵ̫ˣ
һڵλ϶ʱҪǰȴɽٴסƺ˿ƽҶԼɣȻЦݵҶ㲻ѿ֮ˣã˵飬֪ݱʵ̫ˣ
Ҷź̯˫֣ʼϸ磬ҿ˵ˣ˲ţҲûа취
۾أΪΪҶҲ˵ȺڣȻû뵽˵ľȻڡ
ںͺڵĵλʵ޼ںôʹ˵еľҵϵȴʲôϵûУ˵ɽëã
ʱɽȻսһֵײ챾֮գȴֲ֪ðʺ磬СֶԸ沮ߣ벮
սҲ˾֮У˵ʵȻûпϹҶǻʨɽЩɶԴҶ̬ȴΪ⣬ŪҶʲôͷȻҲ֪òýҶߡ
ؼǣĪԴҶ̬ȣ˶֪ɽֽߵĻǽɾĽͲˣӰ쵽һڡ
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˵ľʯ͵ߣȻƢҲԶɽҶų
ɽʱסˣ֪ҲɵˣŵĿҶð֮ǻعѵڵˣ
Ӻʯ˸ǾֱߵҶǰĵӾȼ٣Ҷˡ
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ڴ֮еĹŷ磬𾪵Ĵϱʮ֮һڵˣԼղžȻ٩Ҵһͨ


333 ɼ
ƺӸ˵ĴʯٴοһɽʽܵҶ˲ǱնĵλˣͬʱҲǱڼȵ֮ĵڶλҩʦ
ҩʦĵλ֮ߣȸ½֮Ѿٽˣ˵ʯʽĽҶݽ֮ܳ󣬾ɽҲĲСҶˡ
ȻҶΪû֪ҩʦ͵һƷҲ˾ģûԸȥһλʦ
ҶղžΪǵĵԲŹ⽫Լ˵˵˳
ڵѾ𽥱öҶˣĪҲȻֹͣ˿̧ͷעҶǿıӰоȻԼҲԼҪԼҸ
ȴȻеżĲ϶Ҷգ۾
⿿ںҩʦݣɲԳΪܹڵֿ޵ʱȻҲ޷ıսľ
ҶȽϺõģԺܶķչȥģĻҪʡ
Ϊʱһ𣺡˼Һˣˡ
ƺſڸӭڵӶе𾪣ںǽͰ͵ģ󣬴£ʦ
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Ȼ˵ս٣Ϊ˲κδŴɣһͬʵĽ͸еţźħŵʮڣȴֻеźħŵˡ
ߴȱΪѭʮƵĽɣ˶ҩͶʱżμ⣬ĳϣ˵ٵĻǺ͵šŸħɣԷʮڵ˲μ磬Ҳʮ顣
ȻͻȻֵĺУ˶ɵˣѵתˣôȻμս磿
ҶҲ𾪣𾪵ԭ˶ֻͬ𾪣Լȸ½֮ʶ˲࣬Ȼ쾹Ȼһ붼սϼˣҲʵ̫˰ɣ
սȻعȻ˵źħǶͣڷߣ߶𾴵ģսæӭȥȭֵʦˣʦݹ٣ĳʧԶӭĳ˼Ŷԣʦ죬룡
սݱ𲻶ʦҪһȻȻֹ̬Ӵʦѿĸˣǽ֮ûһ˳ĵģʦĳ֣˼ˡ
ڿʦ֮ҲǼĶվӶԼԷߵ𾴣Զս̬ȣǵûЦ˸ɵļʣ治֪սôҲ˹ϵ
淨ţħеħȫĹϵΪ쳾Ҳȸ½Ĵγ㶦֮ƣ˭Ҳκε˭
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뵽ͰƬ֣Ҳڵıؾ֮·֮һܿҲҪμս磬ԲŻԼǡó־ɡ
ȻʦҶ¶ϲ֮ɫкףҶʩˣ㾹ȻҲڣ
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ϴεҶʩεͬŵˣһлҾҶʩλͬŵǷǳԵ
ʦôһ˵ҶԿ϶Ҫȵ˾ǰˣԼҲȷͰǳԵڴ֮ǰѾ棬һԼǻˣڶλ˳Թ
֮ĶԻսЦٴ̣úȻ۾¶˾ϲ֮ɫɽɫ粻ڳ˸˼
ҶȻͷߵĹϵҲôã
ʵʦĳ֣ȫҶļƻ֮⣬ȴΪҶǰᵽĿɽҲҶôгԭ
Ҷĺͷн飬ԷŴȱΪԸֻҪѣͻôɽǴĶˣ
Ҷɴûн򵽷ŵϣ
עһϷ߳ϵӣΪʱһЦͻȻڴϿ𣺡ǺְսĴôλҲ룬ǲ̫С˵㣿


334 ޼
˭ˣ
ΪܵĴ̼ʵ̫ˣЩǵ඼ѾľˣͻҲûʲôĸоĥĸ
ֻս򸾣ʱһ㵣ȴɫ䣬ΪˣӦһѾ˵˵
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սɫȻһȻ뵽˽޼϶Լû뵽ô죬һԼ֮գô˵Լ
ԽսԽǳأΪ˽޼һΪ˱ܹͼʮ꣬ϧɱ޶ļһûʮİգôܻѡʱأ
뵽սѾźʹ˸ɫֵ˶ϵĬ׵ĵͷȥѰԴ
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ٶ׵񣬾õƾ޼񣬾Ҫеɳ
ִѶȲͬȻҲͬ޼Ѷȱٶ̫߳࣬ܵԴŻ˷ḻֺĸֶ֧䡣
ɫζĶҩȻЧãҲǼΪϡȱʹá
ЩҶ֪ģֻͷ㿴սײɣģ
˵֮Ҷܸɴ˵ս󣬲ҸԼĪһů΢Ц
һЦĪĻٴſһҲǴ⣬ΪһʣţԼҲıǰľ
ʵ˶ѾҶϵˣҶȴȨսǸսӡ
սܲ㣬ипǧ
Ž޼ݺݵĵ˰֮սεĵ޼Ϊѵ죬һһ֮һֽϻȪ·ģ
սĻе˶ĵ³һսһŭ֮ɱ˽޼ǵҲȫˡ
Ѿή˰ɽվĸ͵ײ˵Ķԣһ֮ҿ϶ڵ˰һ
սƳһ۵£ͲǺˣ
ɽƨû뵽ȴĵϣһ粻ı͡
ı֣սʵʧ͸ﻹɫ
ĪͺʱȴϲЦտ˵սѾǰǸ
޼һϵӵȻˣҾڻȪ·Ϲλˣһ
仰󣬽޼תҪ뿪ҶȴͻȻЦһ񵶣ʦͽʲôʱ޵߹ˣ
񵶻شѾȿڵƨǸû޵
Ļ£޼ɫһ䣬˵ʲôҶȴȻһɱ
ûм룬Ǿ°ɣ
˵ֻһϺɫĹâƺʣת˲ţâʧ֮㶵ĿԼ֮ͻȻֵһϺɫĻ棬ɲ֮䣬ͽ˸ȫɣΪ˻ҽ


340 ʱ
ҶͻȻ֣һɱ㣬˵ϣڵ㻯ɻҽ֮񵶲ǻعȻһȾҪҶȴ޼ˡ
ͽܣֻ鷳˷õ㣡
ҶĪʳǸʱ򣬽޼ѾʶҪʲôˣҲֹģȴûܿͣΪҶĽ¹
ô˵Ҷɱ޵ˣԼ֮ǰķʦͽӦֻǺͽ޼ĳЭ飬ûļ޵ŻͻȻʳ⡣
ʵҶɱ񵶣ǵԼֻһλᣬҲǳ֣Լһܿ޷ɱսѪ㡣
һﲻεҪıȡԼϵĶҾȻĪ磬ʼջһɱˣ׵Ľ֮
ߣҶҲҪԴ
Ȼɱ㣬һȴЩΪҶʵûʲôʵϣֻǲ֪ʲôԭõ˺ܶ˱ӻǸı˶뷨ԭҶҲһλĸ֣
쫷磬ҽдǿĻ棬ܹ˲佫ΪҽһжԱֳҶʵˡ
ڽ޼Ȱ˵֮£ֻܺݺݵĵҶһۣĵĳ뿪ˡ
עǵıӰҶ̾˿ûɱ˷ʤĵˣպȻԼһ鷳£
Ҷеεı飬ʼվûжĺȴһתȻӣĽأϢѿһӣ̧ͷһܣȷûע⵽Լ֮һͷ˵ҲٵĻָԭ״
ΪԵıޣĵҶֻ߲ͣ
޼ˣ˵ǳһٽǵǱסˣڵĶһ֮޴ᣬǾ͵õȵȥԵ֮취ˡ
ȻȷǺϷ̨ǿϷȴҲԼȥȻҲûȤٲμˣ׷׼뿪
ʱһӰͻȻӴ˽һΪ޵ȥ
Ѿһһߺû°ɣˣ
ҶЦõĿܵԼǰ˳һ㶼
ԼǰͿʼã鶼䶨֮ų֣ʱģ
˳Ҳе㲻˼ĵҪһ˵Ļ͵ˣ᳤ϷҪһ˼Բŵˡ
᳤ȻǸղ˵ȥ׷ֺеǸˡ
ҶҲû˳ǵ٩ԡ
Ⱥ֮Ҳϳ˳ˣȻٲǿҲæݼ
սȻû˳˴ҶϢʱȴ֪ôһˣֱֻλȺڵҶʲôϵ
˳Ҷô𾴣õӵݻػҳΪҲ˳к뵽ЩԸԼҲҪҶһʱսȻ뵽һܣ
ĪǣҶǴȺڵ
˳ȻҲһһͬΧ˴кҶȻʲôһĪ֣ߵ˳ߵ֣˶˶鷳㿴еʲôûа취ɽ⡣
Ҷ仰˶ʱٴΰΪҲӦˣȻȸ½ҩʦҲ٣ƷҩʦȴڴȺУҲܹƽֶأ
ĻǽɾǽԴϲˣ
ʵҶŶڶҩħӦǸΪУ˼ҲԼĻԲȿ˳ûа취
˳һ֮£̿Ҷеĵûж
ˣ쿴ģ
Ҷ˵ԼѾƳˣĻƱֻ˵Ĳ¼ɣһ˵ȴĪӵۡ
˳ͷĪ鷳㼷һѪ
Īָ⣬һѪȻǺɫģ̲סĵĵ˿ԾȻ֮ͣ
˳óһ͸ƿӣѪװƿУһῴһţҶ浣᲻
Ű֧֮˳ҡҡͷֶҴûԵԴƺȸ½ϵģһ᳤ϻܹʶ
˳ĻѾô˵Ķһ룬ֻʣһȵģȴ᳤ϵĴݡ
Ȼ˳ҶҲ˸⣺֣ôµģ
·ϣˣһ߸龪ŵƴܣڶһУûǸУȻͲ󣬵Ǿ᳤϶ޣ˵ȻպؽΪ䡭
˳Ļû˵꣬ʦͻȻʩʲôʱ￴λеģ
˵˳ǸоʥӰ
ѹڶûԭǰ·ȥ׷ˣܱ׷ģȻʲôˣп޵ˣ
ǳһ㣬һ֮ǰ
лȸˣ
ʦ˵תߣɫûкսкҶȴǼæʦϵĶ
ʱʦӰѾֻʣһСڵ㣬ȴңңһ޳߱оΪ֣


341 ˵İ
ʦµľ仰ЩĪЩĪҶȴͬĺĳһͷ𺳡
ҶŲʦ뿪ķĬĬһȻ͸ĳֵ̬һ
˳Žŵǿ᳤֮ϾʶڿܳˣǾ̽һ£Ȼһ뿪ˡ
Ҷ˵ͷתս΢΢һЦײô죬ҶˣʲôʱԿ
սһ㶣̶ٴ¶˸м֮ɫܲҶ仰ڰԼ̨ܿ͵Բˡ
Ҷ˵仰֮󣬺ȻĪ֣תλλ
ԼƱҶĴİסʱĪ˶Ѿɵˣֱе㻳ԼǲΣģûκηҶǣԼ֣
Ȼе㺦ߴ֮ͥҶǵľٶӿֳȴǾϲҸ
ûĸŮ˲ϲԼģҶٶһȥ޺;ܾһʽҲǿӲֱӵ̬ȣ˺ԼĹϵ
ְɲÿ˶еģȻҲܶŮˣ
ȻҶǣסĪΪĶӿǿҵķǴ𣬵ҶǱǿıǿʵﻹȥԹԣҲֻ۾ۡ
ɽҪǳɫˣղսˡԼġδޡȻ˸ǣˣ⼸͵Ƕ֮ˣ
ҲͬսԴԼ̬ԼĪ֮ĻӦǳ׵ûϷˣȻ÷ϾԼѾĪֻëˣֻתսϣʱվ
սͬеÿŮУ׾ǵ죬ͬÿ˵ŮҲǾĺǻĶԵǿԼŮͻȻΪ˱˵İӺⶼеʧеССļʡ
ô֮սҲʶԼ˸ľǲٵԼŮһҸ
һж̫
ȻսҲ֪ԼҶݵĴ̽ǴشģҶڵ֮⣬пܾǴȺڵں;йϵҶı֮غǿҲӦòȺҪ
սҲЩˣ¾ҶֻһͨˣǿŮǸҸӣ֪Լˡ
ս΢΢һЦ˵λ˼챾ĳ˵磬û뵽ȴô鷳£λǸҲλ԰꣬λ֤һ֮ڣսҲλһ
սĻ˵ĻǺмɵģֻ˵ԼȴûнǣȥЩҲ֪ʵûнս磬޵ŵ̬ȣȻҲİ취ԸԼЩɣֻʱѡ
Ȼǰˣǿĵˣ˭ҲԸǰ棬սŵڵ׵壬ǶҲǼ¡
ټҶѾö֮µſϯһĪһµģ̬ȱսδŮ˰
˸бԹ뿪ĻǲǲսӣҲǲҶˡ
ͬʱڣڣʨɽɽׯȸۣȺڣд¶һֱֵ֧Ҷ
ȸ½޵⣬˭ӣ
ˣڿǵЩ֮˼æ׷׹ֵˣ¸Ͳܹ޵Ұģưȸ½ǹͬĵˣԸǣӦͬ飬˾һ˳еأ
սһЦãĳлλ⣬λҪһݣ飬ʽʼ֮ǰһһҪ
仰˶еƣ֪սʲôҪĪģһȴǡ顱ļȻ֪սҪʲôˡ
ҲǼæ˶䣬Ȼ뿪ȥЩԵĵӣһֱֵڣΪľǵȴս
սϵĿһһɨȫ֮ͣĪϵʱĿѾһսⱲĽҵһ˫Ůֻ׵ȴְ̫
˵սѾ̧ײģȻԲѵĪɽҲԵ
ӲŮ㱻ٵһҸսеĴԼļϡ
Ǹ˽ĸףһֱԼ뷨ҵŮǹ滮δ·δ٣ҵŮڵģҲ֪Ҳ㷸޷صĴ󣬺ڣҷֵĻ
磡սĿĪԲ𣬵ǰˣӽ쿪ʼֻҪҸģ˭һҶ֧֣

ĪֱսĻıסԼĸס
ĴŮļսȻ̧ͷ˫ֱҶ͸ŵ׺ݵζ˭ҪǸ۸㣬ҲԲŹ


342 ҵֵ
ܵսĿевҶЦãԼʲôʱ۸Īˡ
ȻܹսˣĸĸϣԼĺӺأ֣صĳս˵ͷԼ̬ȡ
ȻսûеպҶ֣ڳÿ˵жһ͸ܺĪһˣҶĪˡ
ʵ֮ս˵ҶҲ֮飬Ϊ£ӦзŮżĽԼŮͳȥĵ
սǰ֮ҪĪ޸ɽҲû취£ںڣԲŻ
ȻѾ˼ˣôȻԼŮһ˿ίȫԣҶҪȢĪţҪľס
ҶﶮЩأ˳ϸ֮²ŻȻ
µɽ֪Ѿ޿ˣټĻǾˣһݺݵĵսҶһ֮󣬴źڵλϣкҲһʹҴҵ뿪ˡ
λڵǳ˶ȴǰ˶飬һо綾ȻսҶǺ֮ǡ
Ī߹ĽĪԼߣսѾλԵƬ̣ȥ׼ƲˣһǾͿϯ
ȻһЦоƺȣ̫ˣĻʱ򣡡
һ˿ںĸߴߴֱսǰȻǴȺڵ᳤ˡ
᳤һɨսˣ¶ЦݵսСޣ񶼹ˣʱĿ찡
սҲ־ϲȴ̬дŵ㹧ǰôô˼ң뵽ģҲֻдȺڵҩʦ˸߳ҽ
Ȼ֮ǰսҲ˳Ļ֪Ⱥһλ᳤ˣû뵽ľȻλ
᳤ȴڰ֣һۿҶЦ˹ȥҶһֵһֺˣ𷣣
ҶҲһ㶣ΪȻսλ᳤ǰҪƣλ᳤ϵıֻ˵ãæվ᳤ϣˣ˾ˡ
ʱĪ͵͵ͱһսǵʦλǰ
սĵͷǰ˼Ҽʱ֣Ȼʦ˵ԶɹǴѹأֻû뵽ȻǴȺڵĳϣ
᳤ϵĳֺͶҶ̬ȣ˶Ҷû˿Ļɣʵ˴Ⱥλˡ
᳤ҲףֱҶԱߣҶѯһﵽ׷ʲô飬Ϊʲôɮеֺжˣ
ʱҶȻע⵽˺ôˣ
ղźߵʱ򣬿ɲûиҶԼһߵģҶû뵽ǻ᲻ټϸղҲȷʵңֱֲŷֺ뿪ˡ
ȻΪޣ˵ʲôΣգ뵽ղŵֺУҶȴǵ
͵͵ȥ׷ֺеĻǻȥ޻ذ
뵽Ҷﻹסæվ᳤ϣ˼Ҫʧһ£鷳ȿеĶûа취⡣
᳤һ㶵Ҫȥģʲôҩ
ֵܣǣ
ٴһ㶣Ҷһģôֶһֵܣ
˳Ӧ죬뵽ҶеֵܣӦָľǺǣԼæҪһȥиȴǱһңȥϾĵΣұ죡
ҶԥһºתĪԼֱۣĪ͵͵̧ۿ۸ס
սΪεĵͷȥɣСĵ㣡
ĪŸ˵ĳ˳ȥԥĽֵݵҶģ˿ٵĴ˵֮ʧˡ
˵ıӰһĽʺ޴Ĵ󲿷Եӿֳ
ȻĪҶȥˣ˳ﻹȥݣֻ£᳤Ѿֵ˭
˳ͷһһССڹ
һСڹ
֣޲Ǵ۵СۣҶôţȻһСڹΪֵܣѵӡˣ˵ӡˣҲܽһСڹֵܰû˵֮ʲôް
˳ȴûϸ˵ˣΪ֪ǳΣ֮⣬ʼնǱһСڹΪľԼʵȻҪǺҶˡ
սͬĪҶһȥҺǣǸովô䣬ҷģͷʾ͵͵󣬲ȴЦеĵȥˣɽΧ֮ڶܰȫ
ƲָߣΪҲǼǿȻ˵仰ôսȻҲûκεĲˣǼæʼкˡ
սѾ뿪ֱǰ½ԵĵӾѣЩȻҲжˣʱû֮ǣȻҲæµ׼ʼ硣
֮ϣ᳤˳еĿ֮Уӹ˳ݹǸװжѪƿӣϸĿ
˵Ĵ˿̶߸ߵľ˿У᳤Ͽ˵ϣˣ᳤λȺڵĳϣ޷ֶҩĻǹȸ½֮ϣҲûܹⶾˡ
Ҳζţһ֮ڳôˣһܲ˵Ҫ޴֮ˣ


343 ɽ
Ȼǵ뿪Ҷûв˵ڸ֪ȥҺǣΪǽӶΪƷޣĺͺ֮ĸӦԵеҪ֪ǵȥʱĻ澹Ȼ΢΢ƫһ
ָӦӡ֪ĻԻᾪ̾ѣΪĸӦ˵Ҳֻ񻢳ҵԼͬͬޣҲǳͬ²ſܳ֡
Ҷ˳ָķ򣬼һĴ˳ȥҲûֻʮӡĪ磬ܸԼٶȣֱ΢һͽĪסɽ·֮ϱ
Ī籾ҶɽĻ죬Ҫ·ģȻȴ֣ҶȻҪԼָ·ԸɴͱͣһԲӰ쵽Ҷ
ҶĴůĪĬĬĸл죬лԼλСŮӵĹذԼ棬Լܹİһ
ʱԣĪ˷ܵĴ󺰳
Ҷסһ£ĪȻ˽ǺҶ֮Ĺϵ֪ǵʧ٣Ҷż
˾һӵĳ۳֮ɽ·ԽԽĪ翪ڵҶܵܣѾ뿪ɽķΧˣһ·壬û·ˡ
ĪǵҶ׷˷ԲſѣҶɫϾĵͷǵϢǰ棬Ӧûд
ȻɽƶͣҶٶȴǵûмԽԽ죬ΪĻ澹Ȼʼٵ˵Σˣ
ԺǵʵֻǶԸ޼ˣһΣնûУھȻܵΣգǾ˵ĵ֮ǿҲڳػ߰ϵģ
ڣһҶĶУлźǵĵͺȻûпҶȴһٻţ
ȻʱһӰȴͻȻ˵ǰסǵȥ·
˫һ棬˴˶һ㶣˾Ȼ񵶣ʱԾɱսӵǸò
񵶿ҶĪ磬üëһ¶һ˿ЦҶҶ̫ˣ㾹ȻԼˣˣͷŹֵĺҲİɣҾһȥҵͽᣡ㣬Ī磬Ȼͽôϲ㣬Ҳȥɣ
񵶻ոµʱǡúǷһҺȻڵȷֹۡ
ԺǵʵȻܹΣգ֪Ե˵ǿ
Ҷ֪񵶼ȻΪֹԼͲȥȺǡ
ҶĪԼı΢һǣӺ˪ͬȰĳԡ
ȻҶ뱩¶ѪܣΪ˾ȺǣټֻĪˣò˻˳
Ī磬񵶣ҶѾ¶˾ģζҪɱ
ͻȻֵˣ񵶺Ī綼΢΢һ㶣벻Ǵģʲôˡ
ǻζŴԴ˷ܵĵǲǶ굤ƺˣ
ҶڿûЦһָԶķ嶥գǰȥԮβΣգҲҪСġ
ȻѪڿԵǳܹ࣬ӳȫʵҲֻǣ״ֵ̬ܹŻ͵Ϯ󣬲ˣĸ飬ҿʲôķޣҶŻὫǷҲ˳
ȻһΣգѩŷ嶥˹ȥһ֮ҲǴһ
񵶿ˣܵҪȥ赲Ҷȴĵ񵶣Ķң
񵶶ʱ侲ԼĶҶСȻͲ󣬵ʵȴǼߣԼȫԸȻܿܶУﻹоȥˡ
ͣΣҶԶվ
ҶĪվԼСĵ㡣
ĪɲѰŮӣ֮Ȼ֪ԼҪʲôͷģԱ֮
˵֮˵ҶʮԶĵطеעҶ
ǵԮȺǣҶȻʱû˺֮ǣһ񵶡
ҶʶѾǳأҲ볾֮󣬵һʽ˸Ϊ潻֣ҲǳڴҪԼܷԸ񵶡
Ϊ֮ҪǰϽӡ壬ĻҲһλصĸ֣
񵶳ľ֮⣬ʵҲͬСս֮ԵʶҶǿеʱѾܿĽ뵽һӦս״̬
վһ˵ĸоǻһƬƽ˾һ㣬һʱ֮䣬ҶȻ޷ҵ
ˮԳİ֮
Ҷڴ󺣳֮۳ĳԶˮŸΪ⡣
ˮȿŮӣҲɷŭֲĴ󺺣˸տᣬᲢã׽
˿еҶҲͬˣһ׳ĸɽ֮䡣

ɽ


344 ɽǾΪ
Ҷ񵶣һƬһɽѾǧһ㣬˴˾ôĶš
ڣ񵶶ˣŲһһҶ˹ȥ
ȻÿһϾͻֳһĽӡ·Ҳ˸ɽһ㣬سȵ˼㡣
ĽŲҶо˲˼顣
ˮԵĳȴ߳˳صĲﻹ˿ˮ鶯Ʈ֮У
߳岽Ҷֻв׾ʱٶȶȻӿ죬˫ͬˮһ˲Խ׵ľ룬ҶǰͬʱһɿֲҶؿײ˿
ƽǺصĸɽʱֱ˱ڵľˣ˲Ϣ֮ȫͬоı仯Ҷû֮ġ
ʵҶƶ沽Ҫ㿪񵶵ĹҲ׾ٵ飬ȴûж㣬һֻƣƽĵȴš
飡
һ죬˫ײһǿ˲䱬˾˵ڵľͬľһ಻ϵһɹɵĴֱ֮ӿҶ
ȻҶȴͬһɽ죬ΡȻ
ǡ֮˽µĵΪ޷λײһĹѿ
Ȼ֮䣬񵶵΢΢һ͵һ
ĽΪܹ߳ҶϣȻĻܹ൱ʮҶ
ȻҲУ
Ȼ˺һȴֻǽżһ㣬һεĳֻǽһָֻݺݵĴ˹
ҶĿѣָָֻ֮Ȼ˸һ˿鶯ĹâһȴԾɱŵ
ꡱһ񵶵ָҶġ
Ҷ͸оһ˿ʹ˳Ĵʱ񵶾Ȼ˰벽ͬһָͷ˹
ִҶĺ棬Իûκεı仯ԲӦ䣬ԾӲӡ
񵶲ϵĺˣˣʼվһָͷڷŹΪĵ߱κεҶĴܵǹɼʹȴѾԽԽ
ҶĿʶҲͬʱ׽ָ⴦˸ĹâǺȻһˮ
ȻҶҲֹ壡
ˮʯ
ԼǸɽʯˮƶᣬϵĹ֮£Ҳվᱻˮ̴һ
񵶲ˮԵĳȻԽѹ۳һˮۼָ⣬Ӷ
ֹǲ߱ʲôвȫѹһ֮൱˵ģ
ڲҶǿ£񵶾ΪҶĳȻԵģصĺҲ߷뵽ַʽͻҶǿķ
ϧǣ˵ˣҶԼ񶼲֪ԼʲôԵĳĿǰΪֹĳѾֱ仯
ˮأͷ磡
ֱ仯ֱĸԣҶʩչ
ҶȴıԼڵԣΪҪ֪ʲôоĸо

һһһѸٵĸҶ֮ϣһɫսף
ף
ϳףҶķߵ˼һֲĳ̶ȣ񵶵ĵˮһ죬Ҳδܹ䴩͸
Ȼڿ׵ʱ˲䵴Ȼ޴棬ȡ֮𾪣
ٴκˣֻκ˵ľ뵽׿⣬Ҷĳ׵ҶȻҵҪĳӲҵĵӲ
һͨɫĳ񵶵ϣסͬʱ˵Ҳ֮ٴ׳󣬸ոʧ»صϡ
״ͨǵ֮ϾȻӯӯˮĳһǳҶ˵ͷõ
ԼҲ൱ĽҶĿޣȻҲѵõ¶һ˿ȻЦݵڲմ֮£ҲӦøең
ҶѪԶڵ״̬ᣬҲֻüմ㵶ֵ֣֣
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񵶼Ȼųƿ񵶣е֣Ҳȷ£Ѿյ˹
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ӲĵȻ·һˮΧҶͣתţÿתһȦΧĿͱȥͬʱһ˿ѹ
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˵ҶһɽĻѾӿиûˡ
ҶƺһεĻصĴ󺣳֮Уޱߺˮӿ
յɲǸʱû۳ˣ
񵶵ĵƵȷС֮ȣ֮ҶĿжȻһХҲû˿ıȫͷ˳
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һ˿ɫȻҶĵӿȪѨӲҼ˽ȥ֮Ҷһ̶Ȼඥ
һɹۺĴ֮ԴԴϵ˳ӿȪѨڣ
ޱߵ˳֮Уһɽεض
ޱɽǾΪ壡


345 ն
ޱ޼ʵĴ󺣵ĻôǴӺмðһɽҲͬᱻˮû
ϧ񵶵ĵƾѾ˴󺣵һ⾳Ĵ󺣻̫Զľ롣
Ҷô֮Լǰ絽˼µγɵĴɽȴͬһ֮õĸɽһ㣬ͻȻ˳֮аεضʱ׵ľͽлķ飬Ȼը˿
ǷߵΣȻҲŵƵıƶͣȻϽƽȴǾɲѡ
ҶǳֵʵѾˣίʵû뵽Ӧøո̤㳾ҶԵϤգȻҲﵽ˸ĵزʵ̫˼ˡ
볾ʱ䣬ҲаˣȻ˵ˮԵľ裬ȴţͬԡͬߵУû˶ˮԵĸܹҪǿ
۳ͻӵӦԣݳԵĲͬȻܹ˽⵽Եİ
˽Ҫʱĥͨϵĸ򣬲ϵʩչϵУпܽץסԵ衣
ǽ죬Ҷı֣ȴǴبŲĶɣСС͵ƺѾԵľ衣
Ҷ񵶵ڶԼѾȥͽһ˿Թ˭ãΪʲôҪǵһ
񵶺Ȼ֣Ҷ״̬е㲻Ծ
ֻҶ˫ĿԲɣؽҧ˫΢΢ƺڻֺڵֿĳ
ô£
ûеҶ仯ԭüͷһ壬ΪȻоԼ˫֮ͻȻһ΢΢𵴡
𵴲ңǵ֮£СϪš
ͬʱҶȻˣ˫̯ƶһһʮֵĻ
񵶵ɫȻˣΪѾоΧгֵϢϢҶǿտҲơ
ȻҶ˫̧ٶȼΪվǾٵ˿Уţ˫ͻȻһ
񵶵¶˿־֮ɫΪԼĿҶһоȻһСɽסԼԼѹ
㿪ʱ򣬵˫ȴǶ˵һ˿޷ƶΪȫעҶƵʱ򣬵¾Ȼ֪ӿֳͬһĿӣס˫š
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Ȼ޷ܣô񵶵ȻҲʹִУȻһڵȫеĲմһɫĹâԼͷϻһ£
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ɲǼ򵥵ٶȵĵӣ
˵ĻһٶȺһڶٶȺͶǶǵʱٶȺȴǰܺͣﵽ
ҪԼҲֵĻôƾԼԶͬҪĶһʩչɼΪֲ
ԼֱõһٶȺ͵߸ߡ
ȻƵҶĹҲʧ
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񵶷ɿͳ˼ŵҩԼͬʱҲΪΪԼӮһָʱ䣬Ҷղţ㷢ʲôս
ҶԷΪĵսֻڸ֪صʱڵĴ֮ǹʮ־޴һʱƿزסԸɴͽʩչ˳
סˣǲԼյĴص
ǣҶʮֲ񵶵𾪣ôˣʲôֵ𣿡
񵶵¶˿Цûлش⣬ҡҡͷҶȷʵǸĹ̥ţպܲôгһҲܹΪ޵еĴڣ
ݳޣ֮ҶеŤҲ˽
ܹĵ˶ԵĿ佱㣬ҫ
˾ǵˣҶΪ񵶵仰Źٴ̤һӦûָ˲һ룬ǿԼ˰ɣ
񵶵ͷԼˣ
˵֮һٴξеĲմݺݵҶȥ
Ҷ׼ֵһʱȴ񵶳嵽Լǰ֮󣬲մûп£ͻȻյͬʱһת䣬ȻƹԼԼȥ
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񵶲ûйĪ磬ͬƿĪ磬ɽ·ɿȥ
Ȼˣ


346 ɱ
ҶҲͲٳĸֽˣǻû˭һͻȻߵģοִˣ
ҶЦõתͷĪ磬Գͽ˵ͷЦеĵ㣡
ǵģҶˣͽܱתܣ
ȷˣǱˣԼȻҪӵı
ҶȻô׵ܵһĪߣ׼һ׷
Ȼʱ嶥֮ȴͻȻһŭŭ𣬶Ҷ̫ϤˣţкأǺ°ɣ
ﲻ΢΢һղ̫רעں񵶵Ľ֣ʱĶ˷嶥ϵĺǡ
ţĺжʱ˿ѾֻʣһСڵ񵶣ֻεҧɣ
˵֮󣬲κεĵ飬ǣסĪ֣ŷ嶥˹ȥ
ǰĪ˵ˣһ·壬嶥֮£·ߡ
ʱ嶥֮ȴַǷڻսУĪһʱ֮侹Ȼеۻң֪ǰܹжˡ
Ҷȴһ۾ͽҲΪȣΪһʮһˣһͷǺʬ壡
ʮһкȻʥӰͲʦֻڵϣ˫۽գ°ɫɮ֮ϣŴѪʦߣȻ˫ԲɫήңӦˡ
˰Ͳʦ֮⣬Ӻѩǵߣ˺ˣǶԶԿˣ
Ҳ˵ԼղŲǼʱǻĻôһֱڶԶԿˣѹеأ
ΪӺѩ״̬޷ʲô̫Կʵһˣ·硣
⵽ô£
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Ȼðһ⣬Ҷȴϸ룬תͷĪһ֮һԲĳսš
һȻȾϷ磬ҶȻǰǡ
潣һȦ񱩵ĻɵĽ˱ˣҶǰһסǵȥǣ
Ȼû˳ȥǱֵ߽֮ͻȻи˺񵶷ӣɣ
˵ĺںͺǣҶֵͻһȻͷת³˳ȥ
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·ȻߣҲнǧףôߵȥǻɣȻĻھɱ
Ȼ˵ΪȻͣȻҲܺͺǲôʱ䣬ȻҲǳģ϶ɡ
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ܷ߽ȱΪǿʦﻹ˵ϴȱæȻû뵽ʱȻֳ߸ˣо񵶡
֮⣬Ȼ˵սţʮһ˶ԸͲʦ
Ȼ˶ǷУ˫ȭѵֻ֣ܰˣԼҲΣڵϦʱ򣬵ͻȻðǣ˲仯࣬񵶾ͱ˹ȥ
̷˰ͲʦתΧס˺ǣͬʱ񵶸Ͻ뿪
Ҷ֪ˡ
Ҷͷôˣ
ҸղžͲ鿴ˣʥжȣΪѹסԵģǾһҽ֣Աģ
ԷȻܻˣʵȻǿ
ʦЩǲ޵ˣ
ʦӦǣҾúǺΪ񵶶֪񵶻֮ǾսȻϧ뿪ӿ֤
ҶҲˣҲͬƣ񵶸ûм޵Ϊʲô޵Ҫôı
ʦﲻǾ֮أ޵Ӧû߰ɣ
ȻʦȴҡҡͷлҶʩ⣬ҸղѾ֪ͨ˸ͬţһӦþͻ˹Ӧˡ
˵ţкȻһķţһλоȻ̤һƴ
λüѾǵϺУʦжʱ¶ϲɫϲɫ˲ͱ档
ΪλϺ֮ĵһͻȻ̧֣һۻҶϮ
Ҷ뵽ԷͻȻԼ֣ûκηټܵ󣬽һȥһ·˵µıԵȻɲסΣ
ۿҶҪ£ͻȻһӰһԼޱȵĳ˹õҶֹļˣӰԼȴǱҶײˤ¡
ӰĪ磡


347 ҸŸոտʼ
ͱ˲ͬκλ֮УĪĿⶼֻȫļҶϣ·ûκ飬κܹš
ҲΪˣĪڵһʱ俴ҶϺеһƸĵҪ£ûκԥĳ˹ȥԼ赲סҶĵˣ£ԼȴΪҶײֱ֮ˤɽ¡
ʧز׹䣬Īȴ¶΢ЦΪֻҪҶû£ԼҲϧ
ֻȴһ˿ССźΪҸȻѾˣϧҸ΢˵㡣
ȻʱЦݶȻסˣ۾ҲԲˣΪĿ֮оȻҶ
ԽԽԽԽ
һ̣һβĴĪй˳
ɵΪʲôҪң
Ϊһһӣ
ڸо˱ԼײȥʱҶＸ˰أ˻δվȾѾ¿ȥ
֮УĪǴҸ΢Цٵ׹䣬ԼԽԽԶ
ͬû˿ԥҶȻǿѾץ˫ŵǺͺͬʱ˦ȻһԾ£ֱ׷Īȥ
ʦŰˣǸֵĳüϺУּĵüʦô׾ͺҳ֣ˣǺˣ
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ʵʦҲ֪üгֵԭ뵱ԼҶĵһҲ̳֣ȻֱӹȴҲסжڳüпʥӻԣԼˣȻỳɵҶ֣ԲŻ͸Ҷһơ
ѽһٽͣҿǺˣʦȾҪ
ðɣ
һӣղŲŵǶɫƲʣ̻һ׹⣬֮£üͬʱǺͺǰڰֵҪܣȻᣡ
ǺͺȻ޲ֱӽϺи˺ƬָƲʣҲ֪ھˣֻס˳嶯±Ե¿ȥ
ҶͬЦݣаԼûԥûٹⲻĪݸ飬ȻĻԼʹһôõŮ
Ἲˣףмˣ
ȻĪȵȥҶ˫ŽӿȪѨȴٶȶȻӿ죬
ҶڽסĪֱ۵ʱֱ۷ȻᵽԼĻУ§ס
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Ҹı۾ĪĿз߽ͬȥҲûκźˣ
ҶȻЦģǲҸŸոտʼ
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Ѫͬжһ㣬׵Ĳ˼Ӳͱ֮УȻҶĪε»ϵ¸ȥ
һֱ׹нʮ׵ľ룬ֹͣ»ͷ˰֮С
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Ҷ˻еĪ磬ֻĿ⿴ʶҲһɨڣȷһ˶û֮Цŵ²£
£ĪгҸ֮⣬ﻹݵ±κθо
֪㲻£ǻҪ취ȥ
Ҷ̧ͷȻһٵȻֱͣԼĪĽ¡
ţߴһϵСʩԲסˣϽҵƲɣ
ʵҶҲµ˳üһͶԼֵԭ򣬶ϵù֮⣬Ҳûκεİ취
ܲĸ˺˵䲻ģ˺ԼҲǶԷĶ֣
ЦҡҡͷҶָָµƲʵ㣬ǸϺˣȥɣ
ĪϣʱܹʹͣסԼԶҶĻղҶҲ˵ˣҸŸտʼԺӻأĵ˵ͷҶųѪֱ䵽Ʋ֮ϡ
ƲʾԼʶһҶĪովȣ͡ಡһ𣬺ҶȻ§Ī磬ȻĻƶܸ˦ȥ
ȥĿ죬ȥ죬ֻգۼѾ»ص˷嶥ʱĪͨĴҶĻô˵棬ǣʵǷǳĺˡ
üҲҶǰ˫ֺʲ΢΢Сʩððˡ
ʦҲ˹ǸεĵҶʩԲǱųüϣղܵҶʩϵķ𡭡
ֲЦˣοҲȷǳĵǸҶȻҲ÷˰ֿЦŵףûʲô¡
ҶѾ׷ˣüϵȴȻʮֵĹⲻȥ˿Ҷֿ˿Ī磬ϺȻ֮ɫ
΢һ󣬳üϵжһȻ͵ĪеղźŮʩܵˣС⣬͸Ůʩҵɣ
üеĶʦüë΢΢һһ


348 ֮
üŵһƴСĽɫ֪ʲôƳɵģȥɱ£֮⣬Ҳʲôر֮
Ī缱æ˰ֵϿˣ˹صҲգ˵Ҳû¡
ĪǵֳüϣĻ˿мΪǳüһƵĻԼܹ֪ԼҶĿеĵλ
ȻüȴǼֵŮʩ㲻£˵ﻹڹҡ
Ҷ˰죬ҲûɫرͶĪ㣬ȻǴʦ⣬°ɡ
ȻҶԼˣôĪȻپܾ˫ֽӹлϺ
ӹ֮Īŷֳ䣬һ麮һ
Ī£üƺҲ˿ŮʩòҪڿռ䳾Уţкôġ
ò˵üϵҪеŹ֣Īȴǵͷ֪ˡ
е鶼ѾõˣҶɽˣǶԲʦʦǲǻȥˣ
ʦ˫ֺʲǾ泤üϻȥˡ
ãȻˣǺڣ
ڣ
ҶĪָüϴк֮תźǺ뿪ȴǸûС
Ŀ뿪֮󣬲ʦ̧ͷüϵʦΪʲôҪ͸λŮʩѵʲôѣ
ü̾˿λŮʩ֮࣬Ҳûʲô£һˣôͻ⵽ʣֶѣҲֻܱһÿԼ컯˰
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ˣҲ߰ɣ·˵˵ʥӵôˣ

뿪˹·֮ҶͽͻѪĪȻ棬Ǵûѯʣֻ΢ЦҶǣԼֱ֣صڡ
ʱϯûʼ˶εĵȴҶǵĻ
ҶǸĳ˹˹֣˼֮󣬾ĪȥȻԾλһŮԼһսвȴֻܵɵסˡ
˵£ϯʽʼ˳Ҳѹղ᳤Ѿ˶ѪĪɽĪɽûʲô£ж֮⣬ϢһȻãֻⶾҩȻʱҩɽ⣬᳤Ѿвӵֶһ֣Ȼǰٶ
ٶ
ҶȻһֶʵ̫˽ˣΪе涾оһ֣߻һİٶ
ٶҶȻ޿ɱҲʼеһĽᣬüͷ
˳Ҳ֪ж飬ԲŻҶйذٶ飬û뵽л漰˸⡣
ٶǺĶڼȻ֮жаٶôܿһֶȻֶҩȻҲһˣ廹Ҫȵ᳤ȫ֪֮
һֶһˣ
ʮǰжˣڱ޵µĶѵ˵ʮǰ޵Ѿʼֲ֣ҵţ
˳ŵ᳤˵ˣΪ֮ɼȫͬĶ϶ɣôҪⶾĻõİ취⼸ֲͬҵֱӦĽҩһⶾ
ҶİΪүүҪַ⿪ڵ־綾ֻԼǵʱǻûҵ־綾һ֡
ҶҲҲܲµĳүүȻǴȺڵ˱ȻһλҩʦƷ׿϶ҲͣΪ˽ϵĶҲ϶þа취ȴȻûܳɹôҲҪˡ
Ҷ֪иħֶ֪ܷ
ܵĻôΨһİ취ҵвͬĶȻƣȻʱޣҪһʱҵ
뵽ҶԼϵİٶȡ᳤ϣ᳤һ㶵Ū
ġ
ж٣
һѵ
᳤ҡҡͷҲҪҲа˳ɰܹƳҩ
Ҷԥһºɣ֮ʡ
ǿɾˣҪܹ˽⿪ڶҩɾ˲ģǴȺڵĵλҲˮǴˡ
ҶûҪͨģҾΪ룬ҲҪ취Ī磡
ЦЦҶ˵ȴѾ¶ģ֮󣬾ҸֶΪĻôԼƱҪȥɽˣ


349 
սڽˣǷϵȴǾ˵ͣܿ촫ȸ½
޵𣬲Ҷɷսñɽ¥ȸ½뵽˸Ӷʱڡ
ڣʨɽڵЩȸ½ĳǣ޵ص˶޵ʵǿʢõ֤ݡ
޵ĸִҲԽԽ࣬ȻҲԽԽף޵𣬴ȸ½šźħ㶦ľ棬ڲСʼй޵飬Ȼ۵ֱӵĿľѡ
ǼվԭȵĶ֮Уһ֮޴ϣ޵
ѡκ˵ҪѡˣõδѡˣǾٲԨ
޵Ŀĺȷһͳȸ½ܻһͳ磬ɷսʵǷ񣬶Ƿǳľٶ
ܼ򵥣޵ɵӣûһʵôҶս
ǵšħţǷţϵһ𣬻ܸ޵һƴ֮˭Ҫƾһֻ߽֮ͬһеȥԿ޵ǲѰ·
ŵ߻
⣬ǰ˵Ĵ𰸾Զǲᣡ
ô꣬ЩɶǸΪˣ˴֮ǹĶǣҪǷԼ棬ϵһȥ޵ӮˣҲ϶ܾˣĻʱɾ˿ɳ֮ûЩɻֳֺõɵ¡
ͺҶɱŵҩʦȴǱĵһ
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ܹվ۸ߺû׼ܹеʱ³ɼϵһԿ޵
Ҷô
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ʱ˼ҶȴɽĹ̨ϺĪ粢￴ճ
Ī翿ҶļϣĶҸܹҶҶҲ˶ԴԼⱲӶˡ
ҶͬоҸȴҲžᣬǾǹ¡
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ˣھصĿ֮Ī̹ף
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ĪһֱţͷβûдϹҶһΣҶ˵֮ǵûԹ޺ͶʼɣǸ˺͸ж
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ĪǸŮˣ
Ȼ֪ҶԼЩ鱳ĺ壡
ֻһ⣬ͷεĶʱŲκεǺ»ǻ¡
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Ī˼˺ܾ֮󣬲ЦſڵҶܵܣ£ʾʲô
ʱҶסˣͷҲ֪ҾǾã֪
֪ˣĪƤգգ۾

ҶӣĪ粻ݸһЦɫҶܵܣܽõңĺܸˣҲ֪ңõĸ֣Ҳ޷ش㣬Ϊһ΢飬˵ĸַֺ֣ܶ飬飬飬飬ֵ飬ʲôǰ飬ʲô飬ʲô飬˭˵壬˭ܸһȷı׼֣
⣬ֻԼܹҵ𰸣κ˶ܸ𰸣ҿԸ㣬ָ飬ֻҪˣҶ֧㣬лĻҲλá
ĪⷬҶʲôָоӵĺͿˡ
ףǺͿٶĪ˵£Ҷʹ˲٣Ҳӵ̹
Ī뿪˹̨֮Ҷ᳤ϵסʿڶҩ᳤޷ҵҩĻǾͽǵζѪȥȥˡ
ŵõ֮Ҷ˽ȥ
ʱڵһ֮ϣ۾⻹ҶһʽĴλȺڵĳϡ
Ȼһ֮£Ҷϲ΢΢ɫ¶һֹŹֵ顣
Ҷı仯ͬҲ΢΢һѿڶѵоʲô
Ҷԥһºҡҡͷʲôûио
ȴһЦլʺ񣬲Լ壬Լܲоûңȷǿˣ


350 ֮
˵ǵ˳ԺߣڵἫΪĳ棬ӶǴ״̬ϻ϶ֳܱһǿĻС
ҶλΪ϶ﵽ˳ĴȺڳϵϣҲܵ˻ڲϼٵĻ
Ȼ޷鿴ڵľΣȴܸе˾һһƤȻȴһ©Ż
еĻ©ʱ򣬵ȴƵȻˡ
ԭҶΪֻԼĴϾܻ꣬˵ĸ֣ǧ꣬߰˰ٲ⡣
ȴȷҪˣҶﲻɵһĿ֮ж˼־˵ĸо
ڴ˵֪Լӣ¶磬ģƲͬ˫峺׵۾ȴķӦޱȵƽ͵Ȼ
ɣ
ҶƵĶ棬һʱ֪֮˵ʲôֻܱĬĬƹһЦ֮ϣǴչ磬ô˵ϷģǴɲأһ˺ܾˣ׬ˣ˵Ҳûʲô˵ġ
ⷬҶʱȻ𾴣Ҳ˶˼᳤ϣѵû취ܹӳ𣿡
ΪٸһǸǲܵ£õ鵤ҩѾ˥ܵ壬ҲκεôˡԲҶϼ̽ȥ˰ֵð£ˣ
ʮߣ
ͷϳο֮ɫĻһ㶼ţԲִҪһȫˣǿţʮ;н֮ɾܹͣΪǱ֮Ұ
֮ϣҶ˵Ѿʵ˴ȺλãȻȻûͬ⣬ȴҲûз
˵ƺȻվҶ̬ʩһϷ֮꣬ؽ߾ܵĸΪ
Ҷæվ˫᳤ϣɷˡ
᳤ȴЩʩ֮Ҷ£ȻԼٸµʵڱ֮λ㻹Ҫ׼
Ҷüëʱ仰˼
ȻԴҲţүүĴҽ֮󣬴Ⱥھ͵ûôȻкܶλӡ
ͻȻðԼôһľСһܳҪȺڵ϶кܶ˲
᳤ϽȥĻҲ֤ҲҶжȷġ
ȻȺûˣʵȻڸ֮ϣڵҲλɵĳϻṲ֣ͬȻ·ľλȥֱִС
Ȼϻῴƺʵȴһֳɡ
һΪȺڱҪѡһµһһλĳΪףһǼû϶ִȺڣһɾΪ
ڴȺڵĵλ൱ϸ˵Ҫ߹ɣΪ豾˱Ҫͽͽڶࡣ
ˣҶҪΪȺĻôȾͱҪ裡ҲΪʲôղƻ֣µĸҶ̬ԭǼӵҶġ
˽˴ȺڵʵҶֻԼԴеԼ鱾͹ˣʵǲپȺڵ֮
ٽѾˣֻܼʾĬҲѾŵʵĿǰȺ֪ݵҲֻкᣬңǾս磬ò˶ã֪˾ͻԽԽ࣬ӽ쿪ʼҪСˣС޵ҲҪСǡ
Ҷе㾪ȵĵѵҶɱҲɣ
ƿЦŵͷңΪĿĲֶεˣ˵ֻҪɱ㣬õľǴȺڵҲʲôҵģҲ̫ģҶȫ
ҶüͷǲԼİȫԸ뵽Լļˡ
ƵʵѾ㹻ˣҪͽͽֶ࣬һҪҶΪҪЮԼľԼô죿
Ҷı飬ƿڵڵ𣿡
ǣǵҵļˡ
ˣ¶˴㵵飬һЦǵģᣬмˣ⵹ȷǸ⡣
ܹߣٶڼ꿪⣬ǵļˣٴﵽȻܻôãԴĸֶǹ¼ҹˡ
սĪģǹôҪĪĪɽԭϣԼʱǻܻš
˸ԳƬ֮󣬺ȻЦŵĻԸ⵽гסҲ֮ǰܹӶ볾֮Լʱ赣ˣ


351 ֮Լ
֮Լ
ҶǵõںӢڶսʱ򣬺ͻȻ֣ǾΪ̧֮Լú޷֣ʱûע⣬ƵĿٴʣ̲סʵ᳤ϣʲôг֮Լ
ȻĵͷûеȻ֪ν֮ԼеĳֹͬǩһԼԼҲܼ򵥣κγֲ׼ֵ˻֣һ˭Υ˳֮Լôͻֵܵ׷ɱ
ֵǰֵǻ˵ԭȻֺмˣǻ£еӡ
ʵ̫ǿҪǱ˴˶öԷļ˵֣˵ǳǧ
ںΪУܹɱеӣȴһɱˣôǱػչɱڵеӣʮ˵ĳ޽˵ò˶ã綼ףΪ˱˳֮Լ
֮ԼԼĶҲֻǳĸ֣ɻ߼֮ûгĸ֣һ֣ɻ͵Űɣ
Ȼڳ֮ԼԼΧ֮ڣЩĸǣµ֮Ĵɱɱ϶һֻ۱һֻۡ
ҶǳôЩȻԶļ֣ҪκεĹ˼ɡ
ҶʱȻѹֵʱ󲻸ҶӢڵκ֣ҲζӢڻҲӦгĸְ
ֻҵ˶ˣȻҲ޷˽ˡ
ƽŵţʣ϶ֻܹҪǸʱ˵İΣҲ赣ˡ
ⷬȻҶٴΰ¾ģΪԼļˣԼһҪ̿У
л᳤ָ㣬֪ˣʵǲͷ᳤ϳסҼҰ
ʲôˣ
ĸ߸ϣӲԸסҶңҶػҶңʢ飬ɲҶܳġ
ȻȴνİڰֵʣʱѾˣƽϾҩΪ֣סﶼһģһĵطоеĶҩܷƳҩҲһ£ֻҪ⣬ҾȥҴŴˡ
ҶվֵƹһҾ׵᳤ϣлл
ƲΣԸסҶңʱȻŽȲݲػҶľ塣
᳤ϼȻᵽҩҶҲ˳᳤ϣֶҾúпܺеһΪжаٶֶ
£᳤ȻҲ˳˵ˣֻ֪ЩҩҶôһ˵΢΢һ㶵֮Щ
ٶǧѢͽѣ
Ҷ־綾᳤֮϶ʱŴסˣ֮ͻȻһԼԴԣǧѢѣԣֶЩеĶͺеһһ
Ҷش᳤ϼĽŵֻҪܹҵǧѢͽѣôҾпоҩ
ƿ϶ҩʦƷ׾ٸߣҲүү࣬үү˺üʱŪеľ綾ͣһʱᵱȻŪڼȻҶѾ˵ˣʡٵʱ䣬ЩүүһаտƳҩ
ֶһģҶ֮ǰѾ²ˣȻҲ˵ҵţ޵֮ҲŹϵ
Ҿȥ˳СӸȥǧѢͽȥȻҾרоٶˣģҪǲؼҵĻҾԼȥ
λ᳤ҲλҩգҶЦŵ᳤ϴݹ٣ôԼȥأæҹҪؼһˣʱһ𡣡
ãȸˣ᳤ϻ£˾ȻѾӣٶ֮죬Ҷûп塣
ҶҪĪǵѪȥģֻЦҡҡͷж˶ǣҪһѪҲС
һڵҪһѪ֮ҶͻصԼķ䣬ŹغãʱѾȥʱ㽫ǻ˳
㶨굤İϧɣ
ҶһЦݽ˳ԼĶ굤ݸǣȴû˿˼ӹһ˫ͭС˶ٵţЦĶһˣлл鷳İϧгѪǿûɻ
һͷ͵Ҷεİһۣٻİϧ
İϧӣҶһʱӿŨŨΡ


352 ˰ˮ
һμİϧʱ򣬾Ů˲ƯһֱʣټȻоǻ˸һȫĳֳ͸״̬ƺһ紵ܽɢһ
ȻΪİϧΪ˰Ҷʩչ˻ǧ֮˼˺
İԲˣ
ҶԵķǸİϧȴǺİڰֵҵְǾͱ㣬Ӧġ
ô˵ҶҪлл㣬ˣ㡣
İϧŤͷǣѾ»ָɫʲô£
Ǵ֣˵º޹˼ɣİϧǰȴҲǻһһŤŤ̯ƵңҪ˿Ŷ굤״̬Ӧãа㣬Ͻ˰ɣ
İϧ￴ĵǿŶ굤Ƭֽ̺ӹȴҶл
Ҷæ֣Ҳ֪ܵô˺ǸҵģҪллɡ
Ȼİϧȴ䵭ĵΪϽ·ˣҲְ𡣡
⻰˵˿飬ȴһ㶼ֿЦı˭
֮ĹϵҶǰﲻκεæֻܿЦת˻⣺İûһæǹڶħġ
ΪҶİϧȴܽסҶİϧæ
ľ˵һİϧͷԣгɣ
Ƕħ˵ǰǺ͵û˿ı仯˻Ǹģ˲ҹά
һɨǰˣĿͣҶϣ¶֮ɫжûзҳˡ
ûҶڣİϧѾǳסڣô˵ġ
νʼԼ˵лͻҳ͸͸˵ȴû
˵ĵʵҶȷӦʱҪôүүһҪôڣҪôڸ·Ҫôڸ˴ܣοʼûų
İϧȴһףŲ͸ɣϻ˵㿴ֶҩܽ𣿡
ҶҲϵĽѪ˹ȥ
ҶǺеηİϧԾܲԸ⣬ȴҲֻܽӹƿӡ
ѪϱˣݵϷ·ð˹ŶѪۣ£ֱӽѪԼĿУ
һĻҶ𾪲ѣ뿪ֹȻİϧȴǵĵûµģǸˣ¼仹ûʲôܹɱ
Ҷֻܱͣû뵽ȻڶоѾﵽֵزİٶ֡
۾ѰͣƺڻζѪζƬ̺۾˼ֶҾȻⲻˣ
仰ʱҶ˰أǱ൱ģⲻ˵ĻôֻȥֱѰֶˡ
Ѿŵֶ־綾
֣𣿡Ҷ̲סϵ
ٴβĿҶһ۵ְֻܷٶǧѢͽѣֱһָľ綾Ҫںϵһ𣬻ҪһΪ˰ˮĶҩ
˰ˮ
ֳΪȪ֮ˮųǲ֮Уǹƨôҵ˰ˮ޶һУͻΪһ涾
Ŀҵ˰ˮ
ԽĵطԽҵΪ˰ˮ˵˾ɹҺ֮γɵˮɫȳ֮ζܺñϣֶʵҲֵط
ɽ
˵Щڵĵطɽȫϣ
ҪֶͱҪֶ˵ϺȻ¶ЦɣףֻҪֶｻңҾ̰Ƴҩһ˳һ㶾֪ʶΣ
ȻүүƶаܹնƳҩǾƾܹ׵Ĳ˰ˮĴڣƳҩĸҪĶࡣ
ټҶҲ𽥵ʶ˶Ҫԣں޵ֵĹ̵Уһ㶾֪ʶȷʵźܴİҶ΢һ֮Ӧˡ
ͻȥ֮İϧȻƢԸŹ֣Ƕڶоȷܳңķǳֱ֣ӷʳֶҩ˵¼Ķҩû˸ҿΪ¶Ļһˡ
֮Ҫ㽫ֶΪֶûģʳˣôΪͻһ
ķδţҼֱԼڿЦҲҶˣΪʲôԼѾѪͨȴԭ
ʱӦǱȽ޷֣ԸɴռͨոֱֶָĲ֮󣬲ŵԳ֡
ȵǺİϧҲصѪ֮Ҷһᣬٵ飬̶ǰɽ


353 ؼ
Ҷ˳һ뿪ɽȻĪһҪһߣսҶ˶ͬ⡣
Ϊڵȸ½Ѿɽڸ׵ܵ޵գĪΪʵ̫ͣҶĵ˺ҪȥĵطǼΣգһĻܻܿΪ׸
ټĪҶ֮飬ȻѾ˽֪ˣҶûʽ֮ǰսĪҶߡ
ˣ˶ǲᣬȴҲֻѡʱķ롣
һֱҶǰɽ֮ǰҶҪ᳤͵УȻ˳㿴µǸΪɵĺӣŰӦѾҲ͵Ҷҡ
Ҷֻݷµİ˸еһȻ˵ưܣҲͨСȻҶǰӵиߴǽΡŵҶʱòԼǲߴ˵ط
ʱҶѾ޽˶ʮҸߵľ޴ǽȻûȫѾԼеĳһƴḶ́ûиʱǲɵġ
Ҷ㣬뿪Ҳֻаʱ䣬ȻȴǷ˷츲صı仯Ȼĺɡ
ֻкǺҶҶ˳û˵ˡ
µĴǰֱ׳۵Ҷ򣬲סĵͷû뵽ļ羹Ȼ˷¶һĸˡ
ҶЦõĵ뿪ҵʱ򻹲ģǰûôȻҼңʵô°ɣ
Ⱥ֮У˳֮£ȻûǽȥѾģ߹סǡ
ȻҶ˶Ѿ˸ǿϢλһλټһͷһζ˺׵ĽǺֿͨ
ҲеȻסˣ̬ȼΪλ֪ͣݹҶкιɣ
ҶüҽҶҴλѻؼҡ
ŶõģõģΪױͷͻȻ֮ʲôг˵ҶҶҵҶ
ǰʲô𣿡
ûûûԣ찡Ҷңңҡ
״Σ֪Լ˵ʲô
Ҷ󣬶ҶҶҳһҶŵ飬׽֪֮ҶܹҲȫΪҶԼǮΪľϣܹõıԼļ塣
ȻҶʱ֪ҶԼģǶڱ֪Լȴе֣ȻҲּˡ
΢΢һЦҾҶҾͲˣæˡ
˵֮󣬸ԷӦʱ䣬һ˵Ⱦ;Խǣ뵽˽ǵ֮УȵӦʱ̧ͷٿӰӶˡ
ҶڻصҶңҶڵǱǸпǧ
ԼΪʲôĸ֣Լȡ˶ôĿĳɾֻͣԼļң
ƺ˳һˣҶӾ֪ЩʲôʵҲÿжԼֱ۵ĸ飬ûдţֻĴҶҡ
Ƭ֮΢΢һЦҶҵķȻôǿ󰡣
ȷڵҶҿɲǵСˣҶΪҶҵĴӪ֮أסĸ֣ȷɹۡ
ҶعЦŴϵβɴݣ
Ҷȳصͭȫ򿪣ҶΪ׵һȺٶȳ˳
ܣ
磡
ҶҶᣬҶҶҶ󣬿˷ܵĽкš
ԼˣǵҶжʱŨŨͬ˷ܵĳ˳ȥԼļǱһ
һ̣ҶڵˣǴȺڵǱĿֻ꣬Ҷҵһ
磬ˣûиǴߣ
죬Ҷ㶼ˣʲôߣҪٲ磬´εʰ㣬ҿɲ˵ûˣ磬Ҷ
ԼֵܽϺҶżæƺ˳λ֣صĽܸҶˡ
ȻƵݣҶûϸ˵ϾĸֶڵҶ˵ֻĴڣ˵ĸˡ
Ⲣûз˶˵𾴣ʱոյõϢľţȳҲӿ˳Ǻһ֡
ʱҶȻԶһվ˶ԶԶģޱעԼ
ǣ
Ҷһ۾ͽ˳ȻѾˣʶɨɵ壬Ҷǳһ
̶һµʱ䣬ɵΪ磬Ȼٴﵽ˾ӡ


354 ʵ
ҶĻؼңȻҶԪλڣҶȻǴϯΪҶ˽ӷϴ
ϯϵıͳĿǰҶҵЩ֮⣬Ҳ֪õϢϵĸҲǷ׷״ǰȻݷǵźҶҲǿӱ޵ĸ˻
ҶȻϯǣʵԾɲϰֳϣҲ֪ΪҶҵķչͰΣԼ˵עӺ𾴡
ò׵ȵϯ֮Ҷҵĺžۼ鷿֮УҶΪҶʱҶҵķչ
Ҷ˵ĺϸ£Ҳ棬ΪҶĴ󲮣֪Ҷܹӵн죬ȫҶģԾҶǼЩҪ֪
ҶȴĻģ֮ܽһ仰ҶȲķչţҲǾϻʵϣչ൱ãϽµиĴС޲Ҷհ
֮⣬ҶҲ֪ڲǰҶң񣬸λ֡
ĿǰפҶҵĳѾﵽʮλƵļ룬ͬղҶ˵ģҶҾǹˣ
꣬ҶȻһԼŮҶʱٹǼҿɾҪϲˣ
ʲôϲ£
Ҷʳ⣬ҶԴȻ£ҲźΣҶʱȻ򣺡Ҫˣ
Ҷ̬ȴûжôˣֻǵĵͷǰŮ
ҶЦ󲮣ϲ°˵ҲŮ˭Ҳߣֻǲ֪δĽλҺøϽȥݼݼ
ƺ
ƸɣٺңҶΪҶʾãϧԼͽܸƺ͵Ҷңʵû뵽ҶᾹȻվ飬Ҷ
ȻƺѾ˵꣬ʮˣ֮䣬ڱ˴˵ಢ̫⡣ʮĲ֮࣬ͨҲġ
Ҷôŵ㱧Թǰʱ䣬ƸĸףǲӦģƢҲ֪
Ҷôһ˵ҶΪʲô󲮻ôԸˣΪһ޸ƺôҪ뿪ҶңǰƸ󶨾ˣϾƺкܴĿܳΪƸĸ
һҪټҶһɾͲˣϾƸҶҾʵ̫ԶҶҪһʱܵ˵Ҷˡ
ǣΪͲҶ͸ƺһҲܡ
ҶȻ뵽ڵгҶҲӵһĽͨߣɾӭжˡ
뵽Ҷ˸⣬ЦЦ󲮣ֻҪܹҸһж⣬ͷſİɣˣ˾ӭ𣿡
ʮ죡
ô죡
ҲˣѾϣʵϲȥˡҶеεͷŵСĵæ㿴𣿡
Ҷʵǲϰߴ󲮵εķ˷۵󲮣˵ôҪӣǲʲôæҿɶӦ
ʵܹҶ죬ҶҶԪ̬ȶ仯ҶҲûȥԼ̬ȣŵӭ׵ʱ򣬰չأҶӦҪ˻ҶޣҶȥģڼȻˣ㲻æĻܲһˣ
ʱһ͵ܹؼֱϵʵԽԽãΪľɼң֪Ӷ޹ȥ֮ᱻɼҵ۸
ʵҶڵԼҶĴڣƸӣҲ۸ҶᣬΪףҶȻǲĵģϣҶܹΪҶ޵ѡ
ûҶشһֱΪȴʵƸǲǿ
ǵģռһϳǣҶͷ
Ŷ΢΢һЦҶĶоĴĻȥһˡ
Ҷסˣʵ벻ȻļˣҶ˵Ǽ£Ƕݵλ˵΢İɣȻȻѯʣȻֽԼȥбȻ鰡
ûƵѣԼĻ£ҶҲǵʲõĴӦ
ҶĴӦҶ˿Ȼһ֮ʱ䲻Ϣ
ҶÿƵķţȻҲ׼ҶҪԼһֱš
Ҷֱӿżɽʵ᳤ϣƸǲʲôԣ
᳤ϲûֱӻش𣬶ЦŷʵУʵΪǿ
岿ɣĸ½һҶѵǺ򣿡
᳤ϵͷǿԶԶ½½ϵʵϲһҲһܹȵϺʵ
ڵ½֮У½ֻҪٺôͺеĸǧ˿ƵϵǸƸҲԲ⣬ȻǼ£󲮵ĵǵûдΪ˲۸ҲֻȥҼȥģҲһܹס


355 Ĵ󾳽
ƵⷬҶ𾪣һû뵽ʵȻôǿ
ǿ½ʵһ𶼱Ȳ
ȻҶ֪½Ƕȸ½˽ģ
ħʮɣټϴȺڣǳپϰٸô½һʵ֮ǿѾ޷ˡ
ǼˣȻԾɲ纣
Ǻ֮еŶǿ󵽼µɺ͸أ
ڶ𾪣ǺƸ顣
ҶȥƸȻûд̫ʱ䣬Ҳ˽⺣Ƹʵ˸ǳ֮⣬˶ӡҪ˵ۺʵľŶȲϡ
һСɣȻǿĺǧ˿Ƶϵƻ˼ƸǴҪ۸ҶĻôԼȥһܹã
ҶԴޣڵʵ񵶳صľ綼ܣɼԺͳص࿹⡣
Ƹ󼴱пɽҲɳĸ۸ԼҶҰɣڽɵԴԼӦǷǳصģȻĻҲ£Լ
ô˵¶Էǳĸ֣ҶҲԼܵκεί
Ҷϵ仯ȻƵ۾΢΢һЦ㲻҆µĻҾͼ򵥵ĸ㽲һЩйص顣
ðҶϲĵ
ȻʵҲǿ󣬵ߵ·ֱ춼Լһһһߣû˭йص飬ħҲֻһСĳɹ֮Żһ仰ûʲô̫ʵԵİ
ƿǳĸ֣ΪӦñսͺǶҪߣټҲСˣĶ϶Ҫκ˶ҪḻĶࡣ
Ҷ˼ķӦҲе⣬̲סһܾþʵ⣺ʦ˭𣿡
Ҷԥһµ᳤ϣҵʦһ϶ʶˣϸ˵ֻǸһ׹ûи̫ϸָ
ȻҶ˵ʵȴǰ𾪣зĲ²ҶʦλˣȻһ׹ҶССȡ˾˵ĳɾ͡
ȥȴҲû뵽зϵĶ󣬶ҶӦҲ˵ֻܽ¡
ȸ㽲ľɣ
ã
ʵ˵Щ²ô㣬Ҿпܴﵽ֮ǰ֪Ҳûʲô
֮
Ҷﶯ˶⻰˼ƺ߾磡
ߵпԷΪĴ󾳽磬ֱӡʹ˵е鳾
鳾
ԭڳ֮ϻ鳾Ҷһһȫµľʣֻе㲻Ϊʲô鳾ᱻΪ˵еġ
ƺ֪ҶɻЦŽ͵һ鳾˵ԴﵽǼǳľˣΪ֮߸޴󣬶Ҳ׷ѰռĿ꣬鳾ֱΪɵ磬ֻǴû˭ܹ鳾ĸ֡
Ҷգգ۾ʵȻû˼Ϊʲô鳾Ҳֳ
Ϊмأ˫΢յܶɣ֮жй鳾ֵļأЩҲʮ֮ǰǼǸʱڣھ鳾ֵĴڣֻǲ֪ʲôԭЩ鳾ĸʧˣˣҴӴ֮Ҳûгֹ鳾ĸˡ
ҶȻ뵽ͬΪ˵ľסŵ˻᲻鳾ĸأ
Ҷ⣬ЦҡҡͷھĴ˵ȷкܶ࣬Ҳ޴ӷֱ٣ȴԿ϶鳾Ǵڵģھʹڣ
Ϊʲô
Ȼ۾б˵Ĺââ֮УҶȻͬڶһĿ־;֣
Ϊۼ鳾ĸ֣
ģ
ٴαĿ⣬ƺе㲻Ը飬ĬòŽŵǰˣҷǰеһ֮ϲɼһֲҩһλ鳾֣һۣһ۶ѣҾ͸оԼݷѾʧˣ
Ȼʱģٴ˵µʱ֮оȻԾɳĿ־壬ɴ˿ɼλ鳾Ѿ˸޷ĥӡ
ڵһʱ䣬ǻȻҾٶ˻ֱ죬Ҳû򡣡
Ҷԥһ²ʵ᳤ϣǸʱʲôΪ
۶
۶ʲô˼
Ǻǣ˸ˣĴ󾳽֮УӡΪΪΪ֣ӡΪ˵
ӡͳǼ򵥵ķΪʮأֻоŸС磬Ҳǳܳĳֱ֣һ죬۶ĳٷ磬峾ԪҾͲ֪ˣΪҲĳٷ֮
ƻ£ͷ֮ϾȻðźɫĻ棬Ķ޵Ļһʢ


356 ֮
ͷϵĶʢĻ֮ҶԵܹоһɼԼϢǿϢӵͳصı־鶥ȫֽȻͬĸо
᳤ϣĳʲô˼ѵֹһ𣿡
صı־ǳԷѳʮ֮ͻᷢĳԷѳɾŸȻ˵Էѳгĸ඼ֻܷѳŸ
ܹһǾ˳ı־һ죬ͳ鶥ȫͬĸ
鶥ȻĵУͷϳֵֻһ񣬶һ죬ǳ뿪뿪壬ͷ֡
ͨƵĽͣҶߵ𣬲뵽һ⣬Ǿǵﵽ˳֮󣬵ӵжʵأ
Ҷ⣬ƲЦЦ㿴ҵĳʲôԣ
ƵĳҲǻ棬ȻǻԵˡ
㿴һôûģ
ֻڿһץʱоͳһŻ档
̿ʮֵƽȻҶȴĲźܴ
ƲûٿڽͣЦĿҶȻҲ˻ῼһҶԡ
Ƭ֮ҶȻŴͣһſڵ⣬ڿеģǴӳתģ
ĳֻ棬Ҷ˵̫Ϥˣ涼֮²ųֵģĵĻ棬ȴû˿Ĳ
ƷǳĵͷԷǳߣǳӵеʵֱӽ֮Ϊá
ֱӽ֮Ϊã
֮ԣж֣ΪֹҲûиۣĿǰϴڵľԺͷױټϹͺڰȣһЩԣԺԣϸ˵ʵˮԵ
֮ȻؼԼģǲܺԣֻҪ侫裬ôԵǿء
ߣֻܹӳ͸ԳӦǳͿֱӴؼ֮Ż棬ǽ֮дڵĻԸˣֹʽֱΪսս
ƵⷬУҶȻ뵽ʲôüͷ˼֮УƬ֮ŻȻ򣬼Լ񵶽ֵĹ̡
Լڵֵͬĵʱ򣬾ͻȻо˴֮Ǻɫ˳ӿȪѨ뵽ԼڣӶԼ˴ص֮
ǹǿͺأҶ޷ܣֻҧأǿеʩչ˳Ҳ񵶸ܵǹͬСɽĿֲ
֮ʹҶʲôսҶʱ˵˸κսֻǽĴ֮
Ҷش֮¶Ȼ֮󣬾ˣ
ʱҶ֣񵶵ݾȻ᲻սˣˣ񵶱ȻҲ֪ܹ֮ԻΪԼΪﵽ˳Ŵæߵġ
ˣҶԼڲųصľ磬ȻΪͨѨλĹϵĴԶԶˣǰ˵ҲӦÿԽص֮
ΪʲôԼֻгȴʩչ˳أ
뵽Ҷٴγһ£
˵Ҳ֣ҶʶȻٴθо˽´֮еЩɫתЩɫԼӿȪѨκεĹϵ
صĺɫԼ壬ȻҲͲڴص֮
оΧĲƾ֪Ҷڳԣ΢΢һЦ㲻ˣֻгʮҲ޿ܣ
֮ûɹҶȻҲˣȴǰشĳɹһΣ
ˣǻ˵°ɣΪںм鳾ˣҲ֪ʵ֮ǿĸ½ʵܺͣˣĻ£ͬ鳾˵ĸʲ󣬵ǳĸ֣Ǻпܡ
ٶǰƳ۶ʵȻһλ鳾ֿһ۶һˣ֪鳾ֵǿͿ¡
Ҷǵûк£ӿֳһɿȻбȳҪ鳾ֵĴڣҲħ鳾ĸ֣
Ƶķ뿪ҶصԼס˻ûеʶȴѾڴſںȻվˡ
һԼĴҶᣬһɣ
ɵ£ҶѾʹˣʮǰɰġ
ȻӵΪߣԸƧҶΨҶһܹ˵ϼ仰
Ҷܹ⣬ϾĿԼ˵ҪǻܸһǲŽ֡
ֻҶе㲻ףôˣԼҪʲô


357 Ų
ҶҲͬƣôҶȻҪû뵽Ȼˣ˵ƺܼ˭Ҳ뿪
ټ˵ԸҲеƧվҲ˵ɴǴ۵Сۡ
Ҷĳ֣ͬʱһҶЦеĳ˵ͷôˣû˯أ
Ҷȿڵܣ㡣˵֮󣬿Աߵһۡ
ȻҪҶ˵£ϣеˡ
ҶҲɣЦԴСֵܣҺҴ˵ỰȻݣһȥ㣬òã
ȻҶͬɣ˿϶ʤ˵ġ
е㲻Ը⣬ջһԲĵ˵ͷת뿪ˡ
ҶҶý䣬Ϸ֮Цŵ㣬̫æˣһֱڼңĴϲ£üʱˣȹϲ˰
ҶһҶܣƺ˽٣
ҶԴ˽Ȼ࣬ܿ˲ʵҲʮӡ볾Ӧû⣬ôˣ㣬㲻뷴˰ɣ
ȥ˭뷴ˣҶɫһҸ˵أ
úúã˵ұ֤Цˡ
ҶǿҲӦò֪ƺļˣ
֪ǺƸ𣿡
ֻǺƸĵӣ˽ǰΪʦиĸ˵ġ
⵹ҶһֱԵһ⣬ƺֲսֻҪǹ¶Ȼˣæͷһˣ㣬㵽˵ʲôֱ˵ɣ㻹ҪӰ
ʹƺǶԼļмɻ䣬һֱûΪҾãдʦǰǡþ͵ǵ̸
Ҷʶе㲻ˣüë˵ʲôˣ
ʦ˵ȻȢǼ£ĸĸҲͬˣĸĸδؾĸˣϾҶĿǰֻСȫŲԣʱȥˣпܻί
ҶüͷѾĸֳһ˿ŭ
ҶС۵ҲˣŲ仰ȴ̫Ҷˣ
ʲôŲԣ
ҶĪ֮䣬ΪսҲ뷨ֿҶʮֽ⣡
û뵽߼ҾȻҲͬˣ
ѵԼҶҵˣŮҪΪĹϵƲ
ѵ߼ȢȢŻϱ
Ҷı飬Ҷ֪ҶˣæڵܣʵҸ£ΪҳͷҿеƺǸ߼ҵܵίҲνҾǵģʱȥǸ߼һΪ㣬ҡ
Դǰ˵һҺи׼Ҷĵ㣬㻹ǵүү˵ĻҶҲ۸ˣҲԲ۸ˣŮ㣬ҪסҶĽ㣬۸ҶֻҪܹҸҶˣ۸㣬ԲУ
ܡ
Ҷ˰Σȴ֪˵Щʲô
ԼӣҶҲһ̾ĲôΪѣЩ飬ΪѣҲҪȥ
ԼСʱΪĸ׵뿪ܶ鶼ǴͬĸһչԼ
׻˵ɩĸԼУĵλĸ׻ҪߣԼԲκ۸㣬Ǵ˸ƺҲУ
ö֮ҶȻЦЦ㣬İɣҲСˣҲߴ󲮣Ҳ֪ôԲᵽʱΪѣҵĽ㣬ҸҵҸ
Ҷ촽վҶܣлл㣡
Ҷ֮ҶŭٴηȻղǸ˱֤ƺĸô˿ίĻԼԲһѵģ
ԭشƬ̣ҶԼӦҪȥȻʱѾˣԼҲΪ¶û˺飬ȴҲʧԼԻɵס
ûҶźȻԶ򿪣ɾվڣҶֱֱĹȥ
ɵΪȫҶϣڶҪֹȵҪʱҲѾͷ˵棺ҶǰΪʦ
Ҷȥֱ۾ͣ˿Уɣգգ۾˵ʲô
ǰΪʦ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷе˺ЦԼʮ꣬ԼûԼʦӣû뵽ȴҪԼΪʦˡ
ȴͽҡҡͷСֵܣ׿ԽԶԶңʸʦ
ȻȴԾɾǿĹڵϵǰǰ˵ģ˵֮£ܹʦģֻǰ


358 ʦ
ɵ仰Ҷ˳˼ĳɴߵʱɿ϶ҲΪʦŰ˵仰
ˣ˳˵仰ǾԶǷ֮ʣǳ԰֮ڣҶȴ֪˵ĵʵ
ԭܼ򵥣߲˵ٻΪʥӵİˣ
Ҳ˵ΪֻԼʺϵɵʦ
ɲʻľȷ֮ѡϴμӡأŶãȻͽأ볾Ҳңɼ飬ţԻΪκͽѡΪʲôƫƫΪֻԼʸʦأ
ʵҶĿǰʵصĸ֣ͽ̫ˣֻʵ̫ᣬиûͽָҪԼΪʦ֮ʱŻš
˰죬ҶҲ벻еԭ򣬶ִŵӣ뵽ıǾ˵츳Ҷе㶯ˡ
ҶиܴĹǣǾԼӦˣôԼʲôأ
Ѫս
Ȼ棬Լڶֻһ֪⣬һеʱԼʣԼͶǺ
ؼԼѪܲԼѪɰɣ
ǳѪսĹԼʲô˰
ˣ
ʮ
ԭйʦ𣿡
ûУǸҵļҴ
ɣҿԴӦΪͽڣΪѾ˶ҴҶҵĹֻкûкôϾ㶼ӡˣ볾ֻ֮ңҴĹ۳ҾΪͽ
Ҷ˵Ҳʵͽ϶Ϊ͵ˣôԼѾӡˣı书ͷʼǺ
һֱҴ׹ѼΪϤڴ˻ϲǶĸ򣬻۳ĸʶҪЩ
ȻȴͷеĵڿʼڵӵУǵӵʦʦϣܵһݣ
˵֮ɶҶĿ˾ŸͷͷĹ̵У˫־Ȼץż
ҶףǵԼǿֹаʦ񣬲Ҳӳĵļ֣Ҷԥһ֮ջûг֣ĬĬĳľŸͷ
Ӵ֮ҶԼͽܡɣ
ˣɣɣǽ˵
۵һ˿ϲãΪԸԳİҶΪʦ
ɽڣҶϸɵ̣ҿıܿͥ
˽֮ҶҲ򵥵ԼܼķΧָ֮һ¡
͸ʦģϣȴҲûҵһʵĶֻܲ˼ĵɣʦͦģҲûʲôֵǮĶʦǷţģʦպһϡ
ѵõ¶ЦݵʦΪͽǸҵõˡ
仰ҶΪпͽܵԴɣȻѾҵͽˣôӽ쿪ʼҶҲļң㲻ҪκξŬòã
ĵ˵ͷ
ʱҶɵ飬ҶҲû˿ĵ飬źٴȻ뿪Ҷңǰ͵͵Ǹط
ϾҶ޵ӻʮ죬ѾҲһʱûˣȻ˿иץʱ䡣
ʱķɿ죬ҶؼҵʱҶԪȻ˻ʵҶ޵֪ˣϾŮĻ£ȻҪͬ⣬ҲΪ˼ҵͬ⣬ԾҶٲԸ⣬Ҳֻͬˡ
ڰʱҶҾȻӭһλĿˣʵҲˣȷ˵ӦҶҵ׼ϱĪ硣
Ī磬Ҷϲ⣬֪ΪʲôͻȻ֣תһˡ
ĪʼնҶҸʱҶΪҶĳ޶׼˵ҶˣݷǶ֪飬ǰϲıͶҪҶҵżȶˣȻĪҲ֪ˡ
ҶҲһǰԼ뿪ڵ鶼үүˣԶԴĪ磬ȻǸӵ飬ҶҶֱԶɩƣŪĪںߵͬʱȴҲӦļΪʹ졣
ĪĵҶˣҶ춼ǳһ
ΪչأŮޣĸǲͬһȥģȻҶţҶϾеģչˣҶҵŮԱ٣Ҷĸ⣬ֻʣҶڵӺҶȻҲʡ
ˣĪĳ־̫ʱˣ


359 ӭ
ıҶҵĴǰ𣬶ҶϰڼۼǳϲãҲͬǳ𾪵ĿǧӺƸϹĸ߼ҵӭ׶飡
˵ЩϰˣҶҵˣҶڣ飬΢΢ɫ
ʮƥͷƥһУʮУ
ǰһмƥϣŵķֱǽɣţƺһò͸ƺмˣӦļˡ
ڣҶ˿ҶԼ˵Ļˣ߼ҵǴľˣ
ҶȻû뵽ƺǰ׵Ķ龹Ȼ׳ۣ
Ҷңո߼ҵĻ˵ҲСټҶҶԪļʱϻأҶҲ˾ĵ׼ſڹǳ־վʮλ
ǸƺеƵԭ߰͸¶Щ𾪣ܿĳҶϲڸ߼ҡ
ȻȣǽҶϲ֮գԺܿ㾪ȱ㱻ϲͻָɢˣҶԪҶˣԳӭӡ
ƺһɫɷȥɷͷ֮ϻ΢΢㺹飬ȻҲǼͽš
մͳĹأǰ׵Ķ飬Ӧǽӵ̷̾أǵصľʵ̫Զ֮ǰѾˣ߼ҵ֮Ҷҳзһٳ
ԭҶԪϣסһҹģɼͬҲǱŵĵȴҲҪϻء
˶Цտ˴֮以ŹϲҶҶ˳ȥ߼ҵ˷źҶҶָ˽ǴҶңе˶Ҹæµš
ҶĪȻҪ뵽æµ֮УҽҶҲǣ˺͸ƺɴк֮󣬾ǣվһԣЦݵעֵĳ档
ǰľȻҲĪ뵽Լϲ֮յʱ򣬻ʲôһأ
΢ɬͬʱҲĿߵҶҶҲ΢΢һЦһоڲС
зһֱԵ磬ۿϦŲòĪͷںͷҶ˳
Ȼϲ죬Ҳ𣬵һ̣еҶ˶ĬĬעҶӰﲻζ
ԺҪټҶᣬҲ֪ʲôʱˣ
Ҷ츸׶վ˴˻ţʱҶȻͣ½ŲתԼĸĸеҶ˹ȥĿ˾Ÿͷ
ĸͣתӣҶҲۿ죬סԼ
ҶҶҶҶﶼѾүҶԪǻ΢΢
ԼŮԼĽ㣬ԼŮڽҪ뿪ߣζκ˵ǲܵġ
ֻҶԾɱЦ⣬飬ͰźһУȻӴ֮󣬾ҶԶ˵㣬Ҫ棬Ǻܷġ
ڣҶ˾ڱں͹У߼ҵӭ׶Ҫȥˣ
ҶſڼϵĺǣߵҶԪҶԣЦŵүү󲮣ǷģһὫƽ͵߼ңұ֤κ۸ġ
Ҷ۹֮г˲᣺ˣ
ҶԪҲǵͷҲûʲôģԼСĵǡ
֪ˣˣ
ҶǣĪ֣뷭˳Ҳ
ҶҶǰ߼ңĪ֮⣬ʹ˳ͺǡ
һ˵ȣҶ˵ע֮£뿪Ҷ̤ǰƸĵ·
ȵӭ׶鶼ʧ֮󣬺ȻҶһָе쿴ʲô
̧ͷֻоȻһƥŵԼٶԶĳ嵽˵ǰȵͣ
ֻҶԪϳегֻ벻ͨΪʲôгҶң
ĳŴ򿪣ʯ˳ǰôˣ΢΢һ󣬹ЦôộӭҰɣòţòţ
ʶ˶̲סһۣ治Լ󰡣
ҶԪǲҵǰʯʦ壬ôˣ
ŶǰҶ˲˻ڣ˵Ҫһгʦ־ҸҶ͹ˣҶ˻˵ˣ͸󲮵
ҶԪһ֮󣬶ʱȻȻ֪гĺôģͨߣô͵ڴҶҺ͸߼֮ľ룬պҪ̽Ҷɾ̫ˣ
ȻҪķһ龧ʯǶڵҶ˵
Ȼгļʱ֣ǳ嵭ҶͷϵӰҶҶ˷ܵܵת޲ھԿ
ͬʱӭ׵ĶѾ뿪Ҷ򣬶ҶȻ˳ʵ֣׼𣿡
˳ЦŵͷģѾȫ׵ˣ


360 Ӳʩ
ҶΪҶ׼ļױǼΪ͸ƺƸҲǲ£ԼĴޣΪܵܵҶȻҲҪһݴ񣬶ټϵ֪˸ƺĸĸڴҶƺ󿴵ҶҲòһԼȺݣ˳æ׼һЩ
˳ĻҶǺĪһ֮˸ƺߡ
֣Ҷһ֣ȻҡҡͷԣӦúΪˣ
ƺͱҶ󣬵Ҷʵʵڳ̫࣬ҲĽԼҶļˣԼæǫѷĵҶЦˡ
˵ĶԻȻ˵ע⣬ɺҲ˹ЦͬҶк
ղҶҵʱʵ̫࣬ҲûôϸģҶǶҪ£ȻŹᡣ
ֻк͸ƺƵǸ˿Ҷһ֮󣬾תͷȥǣ֮ԴŴӡ
ҶѾ֪˽иߺ٣Ǹƺø磬ͬӡʮصΪȻҲúȥƽϡ
йҶʵݣȻĿǰȸ½ѾķзҶӽǵ̬ȺȴܿӦû֪
ҪΪƸϽֻһϳǣλںߣǸۿڣȴٻߵټ
ǿ󲢲ÿ˶֪ǺΣȴÿ˶ԺٻߣΪϵ͵߻뵽Ǹ
ˣϳǱȽϷյģȻϢҲʮֱ
Ҷ˵ҲǸϢǲ֪ã֪Ļ¸߼һҵԼʲôֵΪһȵԼ뿪֮۸ĻǸ鷳
Ҷû̽һˣȻǷǵ֪ԼڵݣΪԼԾǳһصľ磡
ʵôҲĸҪ磬ѶȸӴ󣬱˵Ҷ볾һʱ䣬ʮʮʱ䣬ûҲǺ飡
ǵȻ벻̶һʱ䣬ҶѾڿǳصĸˣ
˽ǶԼ֪֮Ҷ⣬ԼͶһո볾˵ݣ߼һдԼɣ
һ֮ҶŸƺ֣ܷһ˵
ɺȻʶȤ˵һߣ㹻Ŀռ䡣
ҶŸƺ֣ȻѾһˣЩ˵
Ҷ˵
ӽǰҽ̣ѿֵļ϶ǺҡҶСĵԼĻøƺ֪ЩǴԼġ
ҶֹˣҲֻС壬ʲôҰƺæǫѷĵ
Ҷڰֵ֣˵꣬ǲǺңҾ⣬һҽ޵Ǹ߼ң᲻ܵ۸ڶҽܵ۸ô죡
ʱͽƺסˣȻûϵԼСӾȻʳ⡣
Լĸ̬Ҳʮ֪ҶⲢǿѨ磬ҲԼĵ飡
Ƭ֮󣬸ƺƺĳΪ̧ͷʱϵѾָƽҶģҽҶֱ֤ɲ̳и߼Ҽ֮λҲԲܰί
ҶĿƵĿŸƺ֮󣬺Ȼ΢΢һЦ㣬ҲҪȸ˵һ˸۸ҽ㣬ҿ϶Թ۵ģ
Ȼ򣬴Ҷڸƺݵĳϣһ仰ȴǺڵչʾԼǿƣ
Ӳʩ̬ȣøƺĺ󱳶һ亹Ȼûص߼֮Լᷢʲôˣ
˵֮ҶͻصĪߣȫûһյ;ķ羰
ϧҶ治ʺɽˮˣټ·;ңԶȻ߼ĶǧҲҪʮ²ܵ֮ҶעѾΧķ羰ϣǼе֮ϡ
ҶҵʮҶҪݾǴͨѨͳٴν֮⣬зĥ񵶵ն
ԴӼʶ֮ҶҪսΪսܷӳԶԶǿ񵶡
ûϸּغָ㣬ҶҪƾԼǸ֪սľֻ֮η
Ѩ̽ѨѾᣬڽͨѨΪ֪鳾ĴڣҶѾԼٶȣðյĿʼͬʱͨѨ
Ȼ㵨ٴҲͬʱȥͨѨֻѡѨֵʳָָгѨ
ϾѨλֵѾͨôֵͨģѨλӦҪͼһЩ
֮Ҷ˲ʮΣֵǾȻҲ޷ɹˣȻмȥ˼ƣȻҪ죬ȴȻϷԼȻɹһΣôͿ϶ܳɹڶΣֻĿǰûҵؼ֮
Ҷڸ·;ҲȻĪ磬ĪԴȴû˿ԹԣֻҪܹҶߣʮֵˡ
һ·£ʮ֮ڸϵ˺ϳǣȴûźƸȥ˺ߣ
Ҷһѵ߼ұסں֮У


361 ˵Ľɫ
˹ҶҶ֣ƺһΪëĺ֮ϣ뺣ϳǲԶ˴Ļһʱܵˡ
˵ʵ˿Ҷе㾪ȣû뵽߼ҾȻں֮Уôϸ˵߼ҲӦںе֮һ
뵽˵йغ߼ҵʵ»ĲС
Ҷľת˲ţСΣ߼Ǻʵǿļ壬ԼҲǿԼļ۸ԼĽģ
Ҷ˳һۣ˳ĵͷԵƬ̣ȥϳҴȺڵӡ
˳ȵ׼ֻ˽ҶҪĶ͵˺ϳУ˳Ȼȥȡһˡ
ӭ׶ڶ࣬߼ҵĴֻûеʱϿ϶üġ
һ֮Զ֮ʻһҴ󴬣
ȻҶҲҵĴǿǰ󴬣ȻⲻһСС𾪣ΪҴʵ̫ˣ
ʮףʮףףֱһںƶׯ԰һ˵װӭ׵Ķ飬ٶҲɡ
ȻҲһεķӳ߼ҵ֮ٲȸ½ϵһЩҺˡ
ʱ򣬸ƺøߺѾʼָˣΪǴ׼
󴬾밶߻ʮ׵ʱҶĿѣһ۾Ϳ˴ͷ֮վŸһߣسľ硣
ʱߵҶߣСĽܵҶ֣λΪʣǸ߼ҵһܼңƢе
ûȽ˵꣬λʶȻһЦͬʱӴͷ֮Ծ£ͬӥһ㣬żˮ棬ֱԽʮ׵ľ룬˵ǰ
ȻֲɣܹһԾʮ׵ľ룬ҲΪˣȻǶԷڹ԰ڣҶǰǰŪҶ﷢һЦҿԼʹģҪǻҶκ˵ĻǶԷһ֣ҶҸоҪһͷˡ
ϣ̶Ÿߺٺ͸ƺ˹ֵүүӼ١
ƺЦŵ٣Ҳոյ
ǵǴɣүҲڼҺأ
˵䣬Ѿݷ£ָ˿ʼǴͷβȻûкҶǴкȻǸûǿ
ҶȻɵ֣иðһ¡
Ҷ˵
֣Ը߼ҵΪʲôƺ£
ڵ֪˸߼ҿǴ֮ҶɻˣڼλΪʵĹܼңѾǳصľ磬ô߼֮гĸֱȻ٣ΪʲôԼĹѧҪøƺλδļܵƸȥݽΪʦأ
ɿЦŵҶ֪ʦȹ߼ҼһΪ˱ʾм֮飬߼Ҿ;ÿ֮ѡһʵѡ͵Ƹʮӣʮ֮Ϳ뿪⣬Ȼ߼СǱϾں֮ϣкܶ಻֮ȻҲҪȸ½֮ϰæһ¡
ܽ˵ǱȽίˣҶȴǻȻ
ʲôʲô㣬ЩֻдǶѣʵϸ߼ȫǽƸڣԼҵʹã
κķչ׳벻Ǯ֮еҲˣ
еκǾסں֮ϣ㺣ٴ󣬿ʹ÷չԴҲޣ;ǱҪʹ½ϵ
⣬ճеһЩƷкܶණҪӴ½ϻã
;κεĺҪΪԼڴ½һ򼸸ʵĴһĽɫԼļָ顣
⣬ɹƷȵȡ
ѹ᳤ϻô϶ĸҶٺôͺеĸǧ˿Ƶϵ
ȻƸͽɣͳΪ˸߼ȸ½ĴȻҲϺӻΪԼ͸߼ҵĺ˭֪ڸ߼˵ֻǽɵһп޵ˣ
Ϊʲô߼һֻжسСܼңȻ˲ӣк
ŪЩ֮Ҷڽɻеͬ飬תһ룬ڸ߼ҵҲȻõ˲ٵĺôȫԸ£
ƺҶϴȻǸߺٺ͸߼ӭ׵Ķ飬ֻʣţɣҶĪˡ
ʱ򣬸ƺע⵽ԭﻹˣģ˹һɨ֮һ˫۾ͣĪϣҲƲˣ
ҶͶû˿øУڿȻ˵ΪĶĪ磬ﻹ̵ס
ûеҶ֣ܵķŭĺȴһˡ


362 ߼ҵĴ֮
ԴӺҶദʱԽԽҲǰһֱֳȫѧˣСڹӣɫĶ˶צӡ
ܹ֮µĻĿԭʮĵ棬źצӵĻӶǱһεһ׷߼˹ȥ¶мһпյش
ǡãڸʾվش֮ϣûκ׵ģֱݽ˵ֻ棬𾪵̧ͷˡ
Ҷ޹˼ɵĴЦ߹ܼңվˣһͣһˤǿɾͲˣ
Ҫӿгô׵ķŹСצٴλ˻ӣոռߵʱ¼˻ԴԴϵŸʵ°ӿȥ
̵ľ֮󣬸Ƿ˳·֮ѾԵķָߣôؼλʼķֳ֡
ϰ벽°벿ճ˺ںͣԼһɳζ
ȻʼȻǰڵҺܿ콫ĿסҶΪɺŶûӣȴû˿֤ݣϾҶͷβվƶûб
ֻܳưͿҶ̬ȴԿ˲٣ǱϹϾҶǴ
Ҷȴʾźͽ룬ԼҪȵ˳
ȻȥˣȴڸǣȻǽڼ£Ҷȴ֪ӦǸûʸǰ߼ҡ
үүүүǼʮֵܣȻҲǵүүޣˣôܲȥأУһҪȥ
ż˵ˣĵ˵ͷʮοҶԼӡ
ڣ˳Ҳˣһ˱ڸʵ˴󴬡
ںϺʮֵƽȣ˷·Ȼڴ½֮ϣһʱ֮Ŵ΢΢𵴣ҲڵִĿĵءë
Ҷ˲ûм´ߵ˴ͷǰ
죬Ȼ̫󣬵ȴǾˣһ۸ͷٱڵҶҪһֹ
ϳĿ⣬ŰߣԿһľɵͷ˺ˮУʮҴСһĴֻͣͷԱߡ
ͷ֮ϣʱվʮı뺷ĺ´󺺣Ϊ׵λˡ
ҶĴ󴬣˼ͷһԣѾ£߼˾ȻڿʼӴϰжƷ
ȵ˶´֮Ҷһ˵Ȳ˴վҲæӭ
˵̬˲٣һɫڵһЦΪй͵ãܷǰӴλֵܶڴ˹򣬵֮¡
ղŽѾĵĽܹλˣҶ֪ҲǸ߼ҵĹܼңλҪ߳١
ˣҶΪˣǰλǱѰ˵߼ӦǵǰӴȻڽֻɳλܼңʵй֮ġ
˳ĺǺõˣǼҲ¶ЦҶǴȺڵǺ򣬵һССĸ߼ңѵǿȸ½ĵţźħʮڣ
ҶܲЩЦȴҲûзΪ˴ҸֻҪ߼Ĳ̫֣Լ̵ľͶˣֵ̫ĻԼҲˡ
ôĹ򣬸ղ´ЩˣƺҶڣȻѾߵĿӰˣҶҲȥƽЩˣЦŵͷǾλ·ˡ
ɳ̲˵ǰһСɭ֣ɭ֮нһЩľͬɫİСݡ
ЩȫԴʯͷɣ²ݴ֮УϸĲһܹ֡
˳ȤĴܣȴַһЩľ֮ϣҲһƵСľݡ
Щľݣھľ֦Ҷ֮䣬һ壬˳ǲ֮ܵʱӰǸ߼ڰмӲҰΧסԼһ
˳뽫ԼķָҶҶȴЦųգգۣȻЩҶҲѾͬˡ
Ҷʶ˳ҪǿĶ࣬Щ֮⣬һķΧΪصһЩ
ȻЩڳ˵в󣬵ǲ֮ҪеĻҲǼ鷳¡
֮ëϵķ֮ܣȷǳҶ
˽һӵʱ䣬ڿһռĺǽׯ԰
ׯ԰ųͥԺ֮а˾ϯ˸ָװˣ˿УΪ֣ȻǸ߼ı͡
ܼһָλڿͥԺǰһſλǵλӣ°ɣǻ£Ȳˡ
˳һͲסıˣĵλѵǸ߼ҵĴ֮


363 С
ô˵ҶҲˣΪɼҵĸĸӭӾˣ˾ϯ֮ϣȻҲû˹д̬ȫڴҪһʵ̫ˡ
ɺ˵϶΢΢ɫǾסںߣҵ߼ңԸ˵
˳ΪôȺԼӣҲʵ޷ԼӣԲŻᷢ
ܼҵɫһ䣬뷢ҶȴѾЦǺǵĵ֣ﶼһλˣæȥɣ
ڣҶλöЩͲƽϣڴЩıϣѾǼʶ˸߼ҵĴʵҲͺ͵Ӣ൱һ߰˸ĸ֡
ӢҶ˵ĸ߼ˣֻҶȻǸԭֻҪԼĴҸԼܵίҲˡ
ȻĿǰοЩҲʶҶҵĲǣҶҲڵȴźʵʱúõĸ߼һССĽѵ
ҶĻܼһ˹֣תߣʱһ˻мСһСҵѾͷ޵Ǹ߼ңѾǼðˣõдǲ֪ߵغ񡣡
ȻС˵ҪҶĿҲȷʵﵽˣҶĺ˫ȭһɿ֮ҶȻûһߵſŵ
Ҷô߽ͥԺȻǵע⣬ҲֻǴһۺûжᣬΪû˸Ӵ˵Էݿ϶ߡ
Ҷ֮ûжã½п˽ЩܵĴԾҪõĶˣи߼̬쵽λ֮ϡ
ݽɵĽܣЩ˻϶ëΧϵˡ
ͨЩ˵Ĺ۲죬ҶҲˣȻЩʮа˾Ŷǳĸ֣һȴզզ󴵴ޣ˵֮ϵЩСˡ
ⲻеɻƶںʵۼߣǾͳЩԼ߼ҵı֣ʵеԹˡ
ȸ½ЩţħʮڵˣҪʺͺĶࡣ
˳֪Ҷɻ֮΢΢һЦ͵Ȼû򣬵ȴ֪ޱ޼ʣǿɶںصԽʵҲԽǿЩˣ߼ңڵĵʹ½ľ֮ߣ˵䲻Ļں֮УҲЩС
ʱͥԺڲȻһЦ֮лż˵˵ЩԭͥԺڸ̸۵ȫͣתͷķ
ֻһȺ˹Ϊ׵ˣһһ٣ϵǸ͸ƺżƣǸȥҲͶʮ꣬òӢϴ΢ЦʱʱĻͷ
ȺˣͥԺڵ˼վɺţΨҶĪ˳Ծɴ𵶵
ɫеεĵҶ֣ľǸ߼ҵƺĸף߲
ҶȻĵͷ֪ˣ֣ԱߵǸ˭
˵˵Ҷһ㶼ûҪվ˼
ﲻ̾˿ҲҶ˲ԭҪһ·ϸ߼Ҷ̬ʵ̫ˣκˣҲ޷ܡ
ϾǸ߼ҵĵ̣ǿѹͷߣȻˣҲŰ
Ȼ仰ɿɲ˵ǲ߼ңҲǲҶ
Ǹ߼һλԶݰɡ
Զݣ
ҶüһسʵȻͣҲߣ߲ľǳأȴʮֿ˵˱Ȼ൱
˶վţΨţֻҪϹӣһ۾ܿ԰߲ڵˣҶˡ
߲϶ʱ¶˲֮ɫһ˸Ķ˵֮󣬾ͿһҲҶǣתֳЦݣڳı͹ֵλĳллλ͹⣬ǰμȮӵĻ磬ڻʽʼ֮ǰ¡ؽһҵ
ֶڳ˵еİ˱˴֮󣬲û̫ķӦ
߲ƺ֪ĳ棬΢΢һЦŵҵͬʱҲϸ±鵺Ϊ״ӣ
һƬȺȻը˹ҶҲ⣬˽ϡ
ҶΪпȻ󣬵ĳ˵ҲСû뵽ԼΪʹޣȻ˻鵺ˣ


364 ̨ܷһ
ڵʱ򣬵ΪһƷһ·׷ɱ̫ɽҶ˼ʱϵ
˾Ի鵺
鵺˵Ǵ˵еľֻ֮Ƕ˵нʼ˴мɻ
ʱҶʧ£ɱԼ׷ɱǸˣںֵ֪ʯ׷˻鵺ˣ˻ȥ֮󣬱ؽչ
ȻѾ֪Ҳ϶취ȥҶȴίʵûϵԼȻڴʱ˵أһε˻鵺ˡ
λڻ鵺ݣյ˿϶Ǹ߳٣Ȼǻ鵺״ӣ
ڻ鵺ĵλҶӵ˵ĿҲ˽⣬ںĵλ൱ȸ½ĵλ
Щ߲ͣڣڽ˿̬ȣȻҲܺˡ
ǰܼ˵ǵĵӭӹͣҲָˣ
һʱ֮䣬бͼǰͽкʼչһ΢ЦͿĻӦÿˡ
ҲΪ⸱΢ЦҶȴСĿǰֻһسˡ
˳ҲСĵ򵥰ССͣ黳ȣϳɳأպسɴ
߲ҲԼ˵ݣһһΪЩǣЩҲǼΪĻവ꣬Ҫͽϵϵ
ǵʵ͵λ˳ں֮еȷ㲻ɣ˻鵺ǿɣǵ״ӵĽʱȻʹȥͽᣬȥ£
ֱˣɺŶ֮󣬸߲ƫƫûнҶ˳ˡ
ǽһֱҶǵ˾ˣ⼸λǣ
߲ٴκڵ¶˱֮ɫǺƺϱ˰ɣĿʵ̫࣬ҲûһһסǣϿ£
ȻҲֱӹȥкԶԶĳҶ˵ͷҶҲЦŻӦһ¡
Ȼǻ鵺ˣԼͻ鵺֮ϿȷǵжԵĹϵǶڽҶȴһ˿øС
£ϯʽʼݽɵĽܣ֮ڵĹأǵȵϯ֮˲Żأڰ֮ǰһд̨ԡ
Ҷ΢΢һ̨ԣ⵹һúýѵ߼˵Ļᣡ
ڣϯ֮ƼݵרŵҲ̨ڵĵط
̨Ѳúˣ涼Ѿվһˣȭͷһ
Ǹ߼һλֶΪߣֻӡأȻҲֻש񣬴ͷá
Ȼֻд裬ǲսʤսܣ߼Ҷ׼ӦĺǰμӵıǶӻԾյǼΪ֡
˶ֻ̨һַ׶ѣܿʲôĵĽֳ棬ȫҲǿ֣ܳôǰ¶¶һãҲȫԸ
μ̨˵ΪҲֱӡһֱ򵽳ӡһֱ˳һأ
˵ע̨ϵʱҶȴע⵽ˣǰȥϳǺ߽Լ˵ǸܼҸȴǺȻߵ˸߲ԣĶСȻ󻹲ָָԼڵλá
һĻҶȻʧЦȻڸ״Ŵ̨ĻԼ˳
̨ͬҶ׼ѵ߼ҵһᣬԸҪһԸ״ǡʱ̨֮һܣҶ̨
Ҷһ˵עȻеϣǸ߲ͽ
ʵ߲֮ԹⵡҶǣҪ࿴ҶҵмＸȻҶҵ˾ȻʼͲȻƲҶңԴʱҶĳ֣һ̨ȥое⡣
Ҷߵ̨֮£̨ϵλոջʤҫ˹ֵλѣ̨ܷһã
˲Ǹ߼ҵˣǰμӻıͣҶŻô̬ȡ
ȻԷûнҶټҶò̫ͣҶ˻ֵСƨϽԶ㣬ӻûأ˭
ҡҡͷҶ̾˿ôô಻۵أ
˳űϵ̨ף˵Ŀ֮£Ҷһߵ̨֮ϣ̨ϵ˵ɴ۾Сһëû򡭡
û˵꣬ҶѾͬһ㣬ǰһָͷϣֱ壬߸߷ֱصķɳ̨ˤ˵ϡ
Ҷȫûпһվ̨룬ǳ˹˹ֵҶĵܵܣ̨δҵֽһ£
˵֮ҶϵЦݾ˸Ĺâһָ߼ĵҪȢҽţͱҪõ湦Ļҿɲҽ޵Ǹ߼ң


365 񵽼
ҶĻ£һƬžΨиոն֪ԼΪʲôͻȻ̨Ͼ͵˵£һʹǸһڷһ
֪ȴʮҶһʳָ׵Ľλһصĸָ˳ȥʵҲš
֪ʵҶʮ֮һûõĻǸ޷ˡ
ҶȴǵķӦһ˫۾ֻĿŸ߲һЦߵǸ߼ҼҴƴ󣬸ҲûнҶСôѵû˸Ҵ𣿡
ΪԼҸҶѾǳˣҲһʱĳ嶯Ӽƺλøߺٿʼ߼ҶԴҶҵ̬Ⱦʼһ߸ϵģ˸߼ҵĵ֮ӺͲؾ͸޼ɵı˳
ҿθҶҶĻҶͷתҶˣ˼ң޽кӹ
ҶҲ޶ȵģһ̵ֱڣҲ޷ȥˡ
ΪѾĺˣҪԼĽڸ߼ҵӹҸίôҪø߼ҵ֪ԼҶҿɲܹ۸ģ
Ҷôָűƣ߲ﻹܷŵҶ֣ƺͽɶԼ˵ˣСС;Ѿ˳
뵽㣬߲ʱҶ̬Ҳܹˡ
ȡһ㻹㲻ĳɾͣеѲŰĿһУ֪ߵغټһֱܵԼ䣬Ҫ¶¶
ҪǸ߼ҶŻס˵ĻǸ߼պƬ֮ҲǶˣЦŶԸʵʣȥѵѵɣ
ʶʱסˣ״ϣ߲ܹɸͽһҶԼҶ
Ȼ֪ҶʵںϳǵʱѾһټϸղҲҶһָͷ̨ϵ˸ΣеȥҶ
ǵĻҲֻܲӲͷƤ̨ûȵ߽ҶѾĵߴܼңȰͲҪȡˡ
⻰˵꣬Ⱥٴըˣ˭Ҳ뵽ҶȻ̶ֳܹȣȻֻǹܼңôҲǳأҶȻ˵ҪԼĴĻȡ裬Ҷʵжߣ
ԼҲһ࣬ΪԼӣҲֻܻȥˣһ㣬ѾԾ̨վҶǰ
߲εҡҡͷԼߵĽЦˣҲû뵽ҶҾȻ֪ëͷСӡ
ֻǿԼľ˾һۣȴû˵
ҶŸʣͬҡҡͷ̧ƵߴܼңȳְɣȻֵĻᶼûˣ
仰ǿ񵽼ˣ
ʻһ˫ڿл˰ԲȦһ𵴵ҶȥûҶѾٿȻǰʧˡ
Ÿʾ͸оԼؿȻһɴʹĸоûüȫ˾Ѿͬǰ֮һֱӷɳ̨ˤ˵ϡ
ȫһ龰֣ñߵ׼ָҶСС̫ͣٴεסˣ
ʳصʵȻԾɵסҶһ
ҶվǴûгһмȻŸ߲ߵǸ߼ҶֻɫĻҲʵ̫ʧˣ
߲Ȼվһʹɫ̾һ˳̨ɵĺܣǰҶǴ·ܼ֮һ
ľҪ߳һأ
ȻʵˣǽȴԾһģһͬǱҶһиֱķɳ̨
Уɻĸ֣
߼ƺ֮Уÿ˿ҶĿ֮ж𾪺η壡Ǹ߲ɵˡ
ɿ˵ĿҶ볾ҲʼΪľ絽Ҳֻǳһأ֪ԼǴشˡ
ҶͲǸո볾СˣڵҲ׵ĻԼ
߲ȻǷ˼˼㣬Ҷ涼ûмֻǴӸƺͽɵĿ˵ôţӦֻǱ˵ԶﴫҲҶȷеţҲԲȥ
ǰʵȴ֤뷨Ҳͬˡ
ڸ߲е޷̨ʱ򣬽ȴȻվɴ΢ЦҶҶǺ֣ĻҶֽС
߲ɫһ䣬æֹȻ˵ãľ粻ųһأȥҲǱҶɵĽ֣
Լ׼˶ˣýأ
Ȼ߲Ȼתһ룬ıˣҲζҶ鵺ʱͻл鵺ԼȥԸҶԼڶԼαػҪֹأ


366 Ũī
߲ѾȫˣҶʵϲǵˣ׼ңҲͬûʶҶͷβʵҲûκβ֮ȫԼ߼дȣҶʵ޿֮²Ųòֵġ
ҶŽ׼Ψһһ˿øеˣʱеЦҡҡͷ֣С㣬ҲҵĶ֣
Ҳ΢΢һЦأ
£϶Ȼһǿƣǲߴ壬ƵĴ߶֮£Ȼθߵĸо
˵۾ȻԲˣʼ̬ΪĺǶ̧ͷעŽ
ҶҲȻΪŽƣڵȻҲԾ˵ٶȷţ
ԭȻͬԼһʼʵΪ磬⽫һصľչָҪ̽Ϊȥ
ľǵ˳֮󣬾ͣҲעҶЦŵҶ֣Σ
Ҷ۾ܹоĳʵҲûչֳΪ磬Ҳ˵ķʽΪر𣬾ȻܹԼʶ
֣˼ղСˣ˵Ļǲдһ£
ҵȻˣ
£Ѿߵ̨֮ϣվҶǰ
˵Ҳ֣ʱҶӿһֵĸоȻվԼǰԼʶͷųȥȴֻһƬڣʲô
ҶûҲȻʶˣӦǽĳӵеֻĳʲôҶȴһ֪
ԾЦݵҶ֣ҲĶ֣ҾͲȳˣ
ȻǲҶӦѾˣ
ҶȻ֣һƬǵصĺڰȻԼȫֺڰּΪĺڰͬǰһһֶָ
ȻҶĿǾˣƬڰ֮УȻ·ʧȥȿҲ
ʲôаŵ
ҶҲҴ⣬ƶΪڸ޷ȷˣԲй޹ȱԼ⹥
ΧעӵҲĿɿڴΪͬûмֵĹʽһźڵ²һܲŨīһƶŨīķΧԽԽֱҶȫֽȥ
ֻܿҶʱʱĻܳŨī˲ٴ룬޷ŨīǵķΧ
ֻ˳üͷΪֹʽԼƺ￴Ƶļء
Ҷʮ˲֮ͻȻоһϸŵķ𣬵Ҳĳ潣һӣͬʱ֮ϱǳʱɢܵƬŨī
ﬡһ죬潣ײʲôӲ֮ϣĻ⣬ҶҲԼĿһӰһţҪϸٿʱոձɢŨīȻٴεΧ£˹ȻӲĽϨˣ
һҶδ뿪Լ²ŻϨȻȴֹĹʽŪˣ
˽ĹʽŨīİһںڰеĶһʱ׼˶ɡ
һתҶȻ͸ԼǼ쳾
ֿʶҲõ£Լ뵽״̬֮£Ӧƽõİ취
뵽ҶȻһȻŨī֮УĽ룬ԭڲ䶯ŨīȻֹͣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ũī֮еĽͬԼʧȥҶټ
ϵЦݸŨˣҿԼȻҲҶһǿĶˣֻû뵽ҶʵȻ˹
ԼֹʽǼûаܹ޶˷Χ̨֮ϸռˣȻҶô׵ľߡ
ֻҶܵȥأ
΢΢һЦԼصĸӵˣͬʱҲڸӽϸҶټ
ǣ뵽һֵֽ״̬֮С
ŨīƶҶҲʧһ㣬û˿ĶԹһͷˮȫ׵׷ʲô
ͻȻ˳ȻվŵñϵĪͺһǸֱò۹һۣĪСʵ˴磬ǲ뵽ʲô
˳ɫޱصĵ˵ͷѹֹ֪칥ʽԭˣ
ʲôԭ򣿡
ĳ
ʲô
ĪС㣬û˵ڰ


367 ڰ
ĪȻֻӡǼѧԨԴԶнһЩ֪ʶԶԶˣҶҲ޷Ტۡ
ڰԡĸʱһڰԵĺڰ
ǵģĳӦþǺڰ
ڰʵҲؼһԣԵĻйԡ
ȻԣôȻҲᵮӵԵĳֻǼΪϡ٣ʴֻʮ֮һټӵеǳ죬ڶԳȼеʱ򣬾ͽֳ߼ʥ֮£
ȴںڰ֮ϣΪƺڰľǹԣԼ򵥵˵ӵԳˣͷ
ȸ½֮ϣӵкڰѾʧܾˣ˵ӵйˣ
˳ҲڴȺڵһϿйغڰļأֻû뵽쾹ȻļӵкڰߣҶԷںҶ֣
Ȼ˳ҪһҶҲ֪Ҷصʲôطֻż
ʵҶȻڽͷųŨī֮Уֻ쳾ϣϢڳЩȻ˭Ҳ޷ҵλá
ҶҲҶΪֻҪһͻй¶ϢӶýֻܱ־ֹ״̬˼š
ĹʽûмģŨīԼԼһийۻ϶ʧȥãһ͵ڴڰľء
ĸ֣û˸й۵İȫĺڰ֮УҲûӮĿܣ
Ҷɲôķˣ˹ĹʽѾ׵ļĺʤģ䣬Ҳ䣬ΪԼΪԼĽ㡣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ뵽˸ղϨǰһ˲ԼǸԼΡ
ֻҪܹŨĺڰ΢ɢһ㣬Լ׽λãԼӮⳡս
ɢڰõĶʲô

Դʲô
κοԷĶ̫ǣ桭
Ȼֺڰ֮У˲Ϩ𣬵ǸղҶֻͷǽ潣Ļ档
ôҶԶԶ˵Ӵȫ֮ϣܲĹӦɢƬڰ˰ɣ
ʱѾˣҶû˿ԥעһĳһΣȴû뵽뵽ķʵڵĿƺڰİ취
˾Ϳ̨֮ƬͬŨīһĺڰ֮УȻһҫ۵Ĺ
һȼϺɫĻˣ˺ڰ룡
Żĳ֣īĺڰʱˮһٵȥ
ȻҲڴӺڰ֮ȻԾɴЦݣЦ֮ȴҲ˼𾪡
ͬʱҶͬȼŵ潣Ѿֱָ˽
΢΢һЦʮ̹ȻʼҶ֣ˣ
ҶҲͬ¶ЦݣԼ뵽İ취Ȼ˵㣬վǺЧġ
ʵҶ֪ͷųĺڰŨȺͷΧҲǸΪϢϢصġ
չֳΪǳأľٸ߸أأۺ̶Ȼ޷Ҷ࿹⡣
ˣͷųĺڰȻҲ޷ϨҶƳȫͷų
û˺ڰİﻹҶĶ֣ǵѡ䡣
֮󣬽̨֮ȥߵһȻתҶĴָҶ֣һսʹ֮㲻ĻС㽻ѣ
вʶʵ̫ˣҶͽǿߣܹһǿĶ֣ǿģԣ˵֣ͬҲѣ
ҶҲǹһЦ֣Ѿˣ
ٴγҶ˵ͷ̨ص˸߲ߣʲô鶼ûзһƽ
Ž£߲ɫҲ𽥵ķת䡣
ɵӶܿҶʵ֮ǿʵǷ˼ֻǸʮĺӣټϽԵĽҶѣǻ鵺״ӣζʲô
㵱ҶֻһĬĬŵС壬һͻ鵺״˹ϵǵλɾ˷츲صı仯ˡ
ˣ߲ʶԼζԴҶңζԴҶԼζԴԼŵĶϱˣ
߲վ̨ϵҶһ߹֣һЦҶ֣ᣬᰡʵҾǿЦû뵽ЦеͷˣҲãҲãҶ
߲ı֮죬ֱҶƶҪϼ֣


368 ŵ
ȻҶڸ߲ıٶȣҲ֪ԼЧˣȻ֪Լݣ˽İӦòСҶˡ
߲ʱѾߵ̨֮£¶ϵЦݵҶ̨֣ͲҪټˣʱҲˣƺҲ׼øðˣ
ͳ仰ҶȻٲԸ߲κκɫҲòͬ¶΢Ц֣ҲֻǿЦģܿԸֵݵλô۸ЩСأ
ϾԼĽպҪڵҶҪ߲
Ҷ֣Щ¾ͲҪˣȥˣȥˣߣǸϽȥɣ
˱˴ղĻ֮У߲ЦΪҶͽ·һ·˸߼ҵĴá
ͱõĳϲ֮ɫȵбͶ֮ϲȥ֪ͨһˡ
ܿ죬ƺҶͱֱ˴ãϲŵĲ֮£ʼг֮
ϲŵĸߺУҲͰÿһڣʽĽΪ˷ޡ
ĪʼսҶֽţǶԸٶ۵ҶҲֽܴ֮УᵽĪ˿̵ڴҲڴһǰʽʽΪʹţӽΪҶӡ
ҶˣҶҹ
Ҷȴ޷ĪһʽΪĸ׻ûбȳ
뵽ҶĵĪĶߵ㣬ȵҾȳҵ֮󡭡
ĻҶе㲻˼˵Īⷬ˼һʱͬ͸ƻһһֱ쵽˶
ҶԼһŵ
ʽ֮󣬸ƺʹҶضˣչأھҪھϯҶȴȻվȵȣ
˵ĿȻٴμеҶϣǿߣ˿Ҫʲô
ǰĴ򶷣ûκٸҶҶκεɣ߲ЦʵҶʲô£
˳Ľ׼õĶȻҶС
öָҲǿռ䳾ҲֱһҶ˳æ׼Ķ
ҶЦеĵҽϲӣҲҵһεŰݷҽļңȻֶܿ׼һС͸߲߲Ҫ
˵ͬʱҶѾеһöָݵ˸߲ǰ߲ЦͶϲ£ĵѽҶֶʵ̫ˣһˣʲôҾ͹ˡ
߲ӹ˽ָҪװľʲôҶȴһѰסֵ߲̫ᣬԻǵȵû˵ʱٿɣ⻹߲ұܣҪݸ߱ˡ
ʵ˶쳤˲ӣҶص˻ʲô͸߲ȻҶô˵ˣȻ뿴Ҳˣ߲һ֮ҲǹһЦҶֶŪôأãҾԺٿ
ҶͷҽĻȻѾҵҲԲɣټϼле£ھ͸ˣͷ߲׼һ´
ھҪߣ߲ȵʵ
ɣŵҲе㲻⣬û뵽ҶȻôżҪ뿪
ȴм£ѾôãʵڲٵˣλԣȣǸˣ
ҶΧ˹˹֣Ȼ⳯ͬɻĽͷ֣ڣ
ʮѣվһֵҶ֣һ·˳磬лĻһҪ鵺ͣ
ģһȥ
ҶĴʵ鵺϶Ҫȥģ˽λѣ˳ɡ
Ҷһ뿪˴ã߲֮ͣ߳ҶȻͣ½Ų߲֮ǰҽ˵仰
ӦõģӦõģʹȥ
Ҷ͸ƺ˵ҶȻҪҹ뿪ʱ˶ʮ־ȣҶᣬĲܣס߰Ҳûʲô°
ȻҶպҪڸ߼ҳסˣǱϾǵһ뿪ң뿪ˣڻҶһ·飬ڵܾܵȻһҹסҪ뿪á
ҶЦŵ㣬ûʲô£Ǵǿ϶żĵأȥҲİ
Ҷͷû˵ȴѾ˳
ҶҲǲᣬҪߣ߲ߣֻǿЦ㣬ˣĶԺ۸ˣһҪߵܵܣܸܵ˾ͻؼҿ
ҶҶöָУȴһֶ˵ֻǲͣĿš
Ҷֿƺҽҽ㽻ˣҪúչǵǰӦҵĻҪ֪ҽίĻСӷˣ
ˣ㣬򣬵ܵףǰúϣͷϣӣˣ


369 
Ҷһ뿪ˣΪٲߵĻԼҲȻҲǵһκԼ˷룬ָоȫһ
ǰȻ룬Ҷֻ֪ҪԼؼңܿеˣǻڼҵȴԼĻ
ҶٻصҶңȴǿԼˡ
ûҶᣬƺҲȱһ֣òˡ
Ͼӽ쿪ʼҶȻԾҶҵŮȴǸ߼ҵˣ
κûа취ı£Ҷͨ쳹֮ܣҲҶҵŮһӲޣ
͸߲һ֮Ҷ˾̤˴ֻźϳǵķʻȥ
ҶĪվڴβĿԶȥë˵ĸо
ĿҶ뿪֮󣬸߲̲סͳҶ͵öָţҵҪʲôôأҪһ˵ʱٿ
һƴСӳ˸߲֮С
Ʋûʲôֻ֮һ֦ҶïĴڴ·һС֡
߲Сֵ֮һ㣬ɫʱ䣬ƣþ
СдǡȺҶϣ
Ⱥڣ
ȻȺȸ½֮ϣǾȸ½ֻһʱ·̵ĸ߲ȻҲ֪ȸ½֮ϵǿɡ
ˣܹСݣԼҶ͸Լ壡
Ȼе޷Ҳ޷ܣҶСС;ܳΪȺڵҲ֪ⲻʵĻôҶԲܸҿ֣
ȻҶ˳˰ľƳģ͸߲˼ҲԣΪľǾ
߼ҶϱĵܵǴȺڵ
ݣκοͷϻΪϵľҪЧĶ࣡
ȻҶʼղԸԼȺݣΪԼҸҶòһͷ
ͬʱԴڶ֮еҶᣬҲֹס˿̯˱Լ߬еöָ
ϰٿ龧ʯŵĳǰϣ龧ʯϷڷһŵҩһССԲһš
ҶһץȻҶıʼæϸĿ
㣬ҩӡ𵤣֮оųɸ۳һӡõӡʱٷá
Բ޶ʵһйߣǳ򵥣ֻҪ龧ʯٶȷǳ죬ŰʱܻؼңЩ龧ʯ㹻ʮΣûеĻ͸ҪҪǲĻ˵Ҫģ
߸߼۸ˣ󲮣үүˣؼҡ
㣬Ȼڼ޸˽ȥǼңȻ˵ССĳɾͣǽ㣬סԺǻᷢʲôı仯ԶҵĴ㣬ԶĶܣ㣬Զ䣡
㣬˵һ䣬۹ûǸˣףҸ
Ҷϣ
ţҶὫŽǰոֹסٴζ

ںϳͨҶĴ֮ϣӰһ㣬ٵıš
֮ҶҪôżҹϻҶңʵǲٸ߼ҵκιľ֮⣬ҲȷмҪ죬ǰɽ
Ҷļƻ᳤ͻҶ֮󣬾Ҫ̶ǰɽģΪĻ¶ò
ѾǶʮʱȥˣ־綾ҶᣬΪۼԷʱӣҾүү˵ֶʼʱ򣬷ļʱܳʱϵԽԽļҲԽ̣
ħ˿϶ֻҪֶܹƳҩҶȴȻжʱ̫Щж˲ʲô֢
ҪֻбжҲˣĪ綼о綾Ҷһ̶Ըٵˡ
һھһҹı֮󣬵ڶ͸ϻҶҡ
ҶȻôͻˣҶȻϲ⣬ҶҲ˳ĪϽȥϢԼȴǹ˲ϢȽ߼Ǳߵε֮Ҷϸ˵һ顣
ȻҶֻϲǣĻҪ
֮ҶȳһΪףʮľ͸˻һԲ˯ţ޷
ȻҲˣҶԪȻҶǲҪż뿪ˣ
ϵ仰һҲ٣ҶЦŵͷǵģүүҪһʱ䡣
ڷ飬Ҷȫϸ˵үүˣжҲûҲûǿԼûжȻû˵ԼҪȥѰҽҩ飬˼ҵġ
ҶԪ̾˿֪ҪʲôҲ㣬ȥ֮ǰȥۼҺԺиĴʦѾüˣ


370 ӡ
ҶҶ뿪ҵĵ죬ҶңڰȻҲİϾϴξͻģ߰ߵݣҲ˶ǼΪء
ҶΪ֪Ҷڼҵʱ򣬿϶ͻϴһ뿪û뵽ȴҪס
ĵĵľҪˣΪУҶֻ֮аλˣ⼸춼
ҶҲ֣֪Լʲô£ĵȴ΢΢һ
ԼҪȥɽ˵Ϊ̫࣬죬գЩ˵ĶԱΪأǷ޻귽ʽӵеĺȻȴǹĿǡ
з޴ʦͬǰĻôͿԽɽ
ȻҶ̫ɽĶôֲΪʥӣ񲻾һλȫķ޴ʦϲ˵ʲôǹɺȻΪ֮۷ܹһǰɽô˵ҵĸҲ϶ܴ㡣
ֻҶе˼ɣ˭Ҳ֪ɽежΣգԼһȥδٽϰһʲôңԼ񲻾Ǻ
룬Ҳ˶²ûĻӦøеĶһʵȥɽҲھԼ
Ҷԥʱ˰סûڣɵʹ˳ʦʦ˰
ų嵽ԼǰɣҶЦԴǲǰʦ㣬˵ģ
ǣǰڵأ
ãǽȥ
Ҷǣɵ֣߽Ժ䣬ѾӭȻһ°ɫɮۣɫѾָȻڵѾȬˡ
ҲǹʽˣҶЦŵѵݹٰõˣԲס
ȴɫĶҶֺʮҶʩõǸӦңξΪӡģ
仰Ҷ΢΢һӦ֮ﲻһ˿ůͬʱ԰ĺøҲˡ
Ȼѹ֪֮˳üϳֹҶ㺦Ī飬һеԴͷȷʵҶ·ӡȻҲķ
ƺ֮һûͣҶңΪ˰Ҷϵķӡ
ҶڼңȻѿĳ;ġ
˵ҶڰԼ·ӡ飬һЩĻô˿Ҳ׵ɢˡ
Ǿ鷳ˣ
ҶͿ˫ֿٵϳ˼ֵƣȻԼһָԼûκεĸоѾڵҶʩӡѾˡ
ҶԾԼĲӣЦŵлˣ
Ҷʩˣ˲鷳ʵѵΪֲҵĹʧһһҪҶʩ
·ӡǺõģȻȷҴ˵С鷳ǶѾȥˣǾͲҪˣҪʲô£
˿ɣ̶µĵʦǰҳȥС
˵֮󣬶˹һȻ˳ȥ
ȵ뿪֮Ҷʾ£Ȼſڵҵ£ǲǺйأ
ҶԼ֮ΨһϵˣҪݰΪʦʱԼ˳ֽ֧ȻҪ˵йɵ顣
ȻȴҡҡͷСʩ޹أǺĪʩйأ
Īʩ
ҶһºɻĵĪ磿
ǵģŮ
ҶĺˣҪԼκ飬Լ֣ǴԼҲû뵽Ҫ˵龹ȻǺĪйء
ʲô£
ԥһµʵ³üʦǲ˵ģΪ֮ע֪Ҳ޷ģ˵˻粻˵ȴͳüʦ뷨ͬҾ֮ȫԼգҾ»Ǿ֪ĺá
һ˵ҶһͷˮæִסҶǷеĶһ֪ʲôֱ˵ɣ
Ҷʩ֪֮𣿡
Ҷüë΢΢֪
֮࣬ʵһ֣ӵ˼٣˵ǰһһӵУô˵ͻ˵ļʣȻ˵Ҳע˲̫ƽһĻҲиգزһˣô˵ͻü俲ֶѣ
ࣿ
ļʣ
ҶȻ˰ⷬ˼Ȼ޷Ҫʲô
̾˿ҶʩҾֱ˵˰ɣĪʩǰһ֮࣬ˣôԺ˻ǳΣգʱɥĿܣ


371 ʱľ
Ҷһӵʱ䣬ǽ˵üëѾšһ˫ĶŰѾԾ͸һɱ䣺˵Ķģ
ͷüʦһ֮࣬ǼΪϡ٣޿ܿ
˼˵һ𣬾ͻΣ֮УʱĿܣ
ֻҪĪʩˣôͻ⵽ʣ
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373 ɽ
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Ҷ֣סֻҪӵй̹أôͲõԼᱻͬ


374 ɽ
Ļͬĺĳһ㣬صҶͬඥһ㣬Ȼѹ
ȷȻѪɸָԵʼ϶ɣǾѪ֮в֪֮õǣİϧǣȴҲȻǱԼԭȵıԣǶûбͬԼΪѪˣʲôõĵأ
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Ļǲ˿Ц֮⣬ҶҲѾ֪Ƣǳħ񾡣УԳؼˣҲɫһ죬Ҳϣ
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һʱ֮䣬ձеҶЦת˻˵ˣǻ˵˵ǰɽɣˣ㻹û˵ôأ
ҲȻ³һҲҶĻת˻ͷԣʵÿ˶УֻеĹͲͬǿҲͬǷߵĹ޻ΪԲĻͱҪǿҵ㣬˵ĵпܿסĹ
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375 Թ
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ҲΪΧʵ̫죬˭Ҳû˵ǿʼɽȥ
һ·֮ϣҲ֪Ϊɽĵ̫ӣҶܾԼܹ޵ͬǺתͷ鿴ŨŨ֮⣬ȴʲôûп
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ӦòǡҡҡͷղðɲǣЩͻȻӵð˳Ҷ㷢˹

ҶȻе㲻ϰߣȻһ֮£΢΢ɫΪĸоֻ徹Ȼԡ
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˸ղŵĽѵҶȻٳȥܹˣ·ȴƽ࣬ûгκεĲֱۣ˵ǰһƬ֣
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ǰߣͷԽԽֲ࣬ҲԽԽܼԽڣΧԽǼžԭͬǺķͻȻʧˣֵİ˾еĻš
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ʵҶҲоˣȻ˵ӽɽʼйҹҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽأǵŨļֱѾͬʵʰĴˡ
Ϊڣ˶طԹŻرذɣǧѢɣ
Ѿ뵽ڵ룬ǰзܿĵطǷأеķضԱ߻Լ¶˹ײĵһǣҶŻ顣
ˣǧĹײĺͰĹײģԼʮĹײʲôأ
㿴ңҿ㣬ʶ˷һ֪ƣ֪ľ̬ܵɽѰңܹҵ
Ҷа취ԥһµиѣ֪ǧѢʲôڽг
¶ɻ֮ɫȻûҶ仰˼Ҷѣôһ·϶ûп
ҶҲˣΪͶˣױ¶Ѫֱӽħٻ˳
Ȼħһ̣ҶȻˣȻħ϶ʶЩǰǼʥӡ
ħǸааӣԼ˶ǻˣ˵ˣ
Ȼֵһɲǣ϶ȻһɺȻ֮


377 ŭ
ҵѣ
Ҷæڣ°ͻȻ֣Ȼ֮輫ߣʵΪ಻ᳬأǰĶ֡
ȷ׼ˣȻҶĻʱûзǳȫȴû˿١
Ҷĵģֻ࣬ǵɨ˰һۣ㽫עеΧ
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˵֮ԾɲҶͰֱ߳˰ĸǷΧ
ʱĿ֮г˽䱸֮⣬ֶһɻȻǲڲͬ
Ͼ޵ľ꣬״̬ȻܹӦ
վŨĹ֮Уû˿Ĳʣһһ̧ͷ죬һתͷܣһ֮ſҶǵʲô
ֶǲʶǧѢæ
ŶͷԵطˣҲô
Ҷüʵʲô˼
û´ĻվĵطʵһΪع󷨵У֮⣬һ󷨣ֻȴ֪ˣ
ʲô
ʵҶ֮ǰ뵽ɽпܾһ󷨣ֱԼˣȻû뵽ȻҲ˵һ󷨣һ
˵ľȣŵþΪռЩҲռʲôأƶҩûҪ֮ȻҲ綾֮һƷ̫ิӣҼױơ
˵ԼȫˣҶͰǰ仰еš
ͬ˵ɽȫΪģ
ҶĻ㻹󷨣ûа취Ƶ󣿡
ǺͶմߵĶҶȤҲ֪󷨣ôƣҿһ㶼ûͷˣ㲻˵ҪǧѢǸСߵǸͷС
һָҶͰһԼ֪ôӺ֣û뵽ȻѾ֪ǧѢˡ
ҶȻѯʣҪҪڣҶĶ൱ģԵһͷڣ
ȻȴֿڵȵȣЩͷ͹ײĵİڷŶнģǺҰڷŵģڵĻܻܿᴥ󷨣ôƣҾͲ֪ˣǿǺڰɣȥתתϣܿŵǡ
˵֮ȻתͳһȥҶͰȻҲֻĿ뿪ˡ
״̬Ȼ赣Ĺ󷨵ĴڣƺͬҲʲôá
ȵӰʧ֮ҶͰҲ˼֮Уڣǲڣ
˼ͬʱڵڣ
һЦ˫ճצԼߵͷץȥ
ۡһ죬һ߿ҪɢܵĹײľʹӵ±Ӳĸץ˳ۼҶҲѾڹײİϳ˺ɫ̦޺ȻҪҵǧѢ
ȻŹײĵı̧ƽȻһ磬û׵ô£ԽԽ󣬶Ҳƺһһİ
Ӧ죬һģ̦޺Ĺײİ㱻䣬ֱķҶҶҲǺɵһӣֱ˿ռ䳾֮С
ʱ򣬷Ѿ죬ֱҶ۾Ҫˣ˵Ҳ֪˵ˣڳǧѢͬʱҲǴ󷨣󷨷ˡ
˵Ҳַ֣ƺ֪һ㣬ȻγɣֱҶͰ
ǹγɵ磬СĲҪ塭
ȻҶ֮ľ벻ᳬףڷʵ̫ҶǶ϶ԼԼ
ûаѣҶҲ֪϶ɴŨȳ֮ζĹַ紵壬Գ̳ˣͬʱںƵѸٲȫ𲽵ȥγһεǽʱ赲ס˹ַļǰ
ȻҶʵΪǿ󣬵Ƕֻһŷ磬֪ӦԣκսҲܶԷʲô˺ɣֻʱ赲Ȼ취
вϵĸֳָİ취һıҶһ֧ʱҶǰķƺȻСҲȻ뵽ˣٹ֣ϾΪɵģôҲӦûͣµʱֻҪԼܹһʱ䣬ȵԼͣ˲ûˣҪʲô취
ҶԾƶϵĴ߶Լ赲ĴϮֹ˽ʱңڽķ·Ҫͣˡ
ȻҶ׼һʱ򣬼ҪͣķͻȻٴμӴ󣬶ֱӼӴ
һͬްĿ˲ͽҶ赲ǽϵĳ׵Ƭ
һźɫ˳Ҷǧëףûһ˿©ȫڣ


378 ͺ
һ˲䣬Ҷ˾ͱͦԵȥһɷ·ܽѹѹҲ֮ʼģ
ɱ
ĺɱУҶȻ۾ǰһƬҵսĿʿǣźڰɫĿףڷɱš
ۡһһλڼʿеĳìֱӴһλ׼ʿţȻûìγԼԴѾͻȻ˲߸ߵķգһ׼ʿŴ󵶣һڼսʿ

ҶͻȻоԼҲһҵʹ̲סһʹͷȥȻԼǰһѪȾĽٵİ˳ȥ
ؿǲ˿ڣҶı۾ǰԵȥ
๫๫ѣѰ
һŮ˴ſǻĺҶٴ۾ǰһ滨ľգ̲ס̧Ҫһ
ȻԼ˫ϼ˺۵ȴȻסŮ˼һ˹̫ˣ๫ˣ㲻㲻ˣǹ¶ĸô죬ͱؼң
˵֮ŮתӣԼĺ󱳶˽Ҷ壬ΡΡվҶȥΧȻһƬʬ壬Щʬ嶼Ŵֲ·Ƥڣǿĺӡ
ģҶԼƤԽԽأһŨƣϮ̲ס۾ϡŮ˵Ŀ޺๫ѣ㲻๫
ҶһδεһδεȥÿһݶǲͬģдսʿбΣũлݵŮͬǣÿ֮ûжþˡ
ŭָҶԺ֮УԼݣԼ˭
ͬʱڵЩɫĹڷ࣬ѪҺڵÿһλۿžҪĵ֮
ͻȻһһͬʱ𣬺꣬Ե
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ֲûе˽ܣ·һ޾ĹǰӿڣȻͬľϺյĹ֮Уձͬ޵׶һĵȫա
ڣҶܵĹѾ׵ʧһعƽ
ȻҶĵ֮ڣӴĹЩȴɽͻһ㣬ĿʼϵĺݺײŵܣƺҪ뵤
ڵ룬ȴͬһˮδСʼκιҿģ
ϧǣǲҿҪ뵤ڵ֮ȴһǿ֮εĽǹϾһСˮҲɵͷųǿȴԽս
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֪˶֮Ҷڵĺȫмһˮ״۳һźɫˮΣ
ʱҶȻ۾ֻȻãȻ
һĶ𣺡Ǻǣˣ㻹øˣϲɺذ
ҶãȻĿԴһߵķͷ֮һڵĹˣЦЦĿԼ
ôе죿
ʱ˿̣Ҷǻͣǲѣֲȥļ䵱УϳǰǶħʱԼļͬˮһӿԺ
ҶȻѿڶôˣ
Ҳӷͷվ˸ڳǧѢع󣬱γɵڣһΪѲأû뵽ãȻֻˣƺΪҲ߰ɣ
ҶڵһŽһĻڶʱڸ޷⣬ҪŬͷʱ򣬺Ȼ˰
Ҳٴ֮оȻ͸֮⣺ѣȷʵȱ֣
ȻתͷҶͿ˰˿̰Ȼԭȵλţֻӷ˾޴ı仯


379 ʥ
ʱİѾ°ɫɮۣһ̿㣬¶˾׳壬ȶ˫ֺʮǰ
˱ׯϣ֮ƺԼһ㵭Ľ⡣
¶壬͵ļҶҲ˿
ҶûʱͰģעȫļ˰ϡ
Ȼ˺ɫķţȥһ㣬飬ͬ֩һ¶ÿһλ
ⲻΪҶŵһɵѪζȻѪġ
Щţĳ֣ĳͼȻҶǵĿڷ֮ʱȴܸоĴһͣڶԸ⽫Ŀƿ
ȻЩѪɫ֮£Ҳǰ¶Ƥ֮£ͬĿһ˿˿ɫڲϵ͹ƶһСߣڰڲζһ㡣
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ǳɽĹʲôеĹʵϾЩȥǡ
ղҶĲѲḶ́ʵϾЩȥǵļ䣡
еսеʿеǱµİգе¥ļŮǵʲôͬȥһ̣ǳԹ޺Ͳʡ
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ҶΪһʱ⣬ıǸͻȻƣӶù壬ЩΪۼǸָļ䣬ҪҶͬ궼׵ɵΪԼһӡ
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ڰĺȻЩĿǣ֪ķ޹ҲȫЩ
ͷͬЩʵݣֻڶĿˣ˴ȱ֮ģ
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Ҫðһķյģ޷ȵĻôԼͿܱЩȫͬʧ
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ҪĵԹѣ
˿Ҷֿ˿ܳΪѣһ˸еֵ飡

Ҳе㣬ͬһûжϵı׼Ҳûк׼ͬ˭Ҳ˵ģ
ˣٸһϢѾҵֶѾ˱ǣֻҪһ·ϣһһ֣Ψһûзֵľǽѣ
ģҶ϶ʱ¶ϲɫ̫ˣ
ȻһЦȱ˵̫ˣܹ뿪˵ɣ
ʲô˼
ûʲô˼пٵһ˿Ҷûע⵽ĽϾɽС󣬵ǴûƣҪȥȻҪѵˣˣˣһȥɣ
л
Ҷ˿ûлΪѾԼҵֶ״̬˵ȻĹ磬ԲŻҪȥ
ȻͻѪһɲǣȻһЦСĵ㣬ˣϾ͵
ȵҶĻ֮ѾصѪ֮УҶĶҲʱĴһ춯صХ
ֵǣХȻҶֶĸо


380 ˷
ХȻһɾ磬֮ۼƬϿյḺ́ķѣɢĹȴѸڿ۳һΣ
ԿεļΪĸߴ࣬ߣվڿоһСɽһӸ´һ־޴ѹ֮С
ֵǣȻܹԷΣȴ޷ԷòΪ۳Ӱ沿ĹƮֻԼƾŸоֱٵĴλá
Լ޴ѹˣҶһĻ˵ԷӦþɽˡ
ҾƾԷܹڹ۳ò¶֪ԷʵǿޱȣԼܿġ
ڿһȻڱ۾·֪ȫȫⳬȹİҶ֪УҲһ˰ǰȫѾʼ񷭹䱸ĿŹֵӰ
ʱҶѾûʱȥղХ֮ʱԼĵӿϤеԭΪӰλôĹһҵӿ֮ðһеƵ࣬Щడӵ˵ȥúõУ̽ΪʲôҪң
ӰǴһŵĹзһƣһʮֵıŤ
ҶעȴǼеӰ˵ĻС
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ȻǸŹֵӰ֮ȴȵͷҡҡͷȻ࣬Ҳ࣬ףҺ˵ЩʲôҿĲµ󷨣㺦ǰȻǶô棬ǾͱҪˣɽϵĹɣ
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381 Ϊ
Ҷٴѹʱ򣬷Լһذ֮ϣɢ˼һ̡
գգ۾ҶеɻԼǱǸŹֵӰ
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Сӣʲô˼
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ӰôһҶת飬һܲŷ֣ȻԾһƬڣͷλ÷ֲȻ͸ղŵĲһӦԼԵʱӰԼ
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ǵݣҶҲʮֺ棬һμǵʱ򣬾ͱһôţͷļһ
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ΪƷ޵ĺǶ޷ΣڵһУΪ಻ᳬؾǣôأ
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裡
ӰȻһţͬʱӵĲλ֮ɰȸµĺɺ֮УĳҲʾ˳
һ˶ԴԴ֮Ľǣ۲۵ţͷ­
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ҽţǿɲʲôţͷˣ壬һ嶼Ϊգ
壿Ϊգ
Ȼɹ۶ţͷţҶϵãȻ΢΢ü㲻˵Ǻôѵûк˵ǵ壿
ǲ˵޷δѪ֮ǰ飬Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ֪θŽ͵ֻ飬Ѿʧȥǰļˣ
ŵţȻɴǼֱһģһʧȥ˼䣬ģ
Ȼ֪źǾȻͬһˣôҶҲûǰĵ⣬΢΢һЦ⣬Ļôھ㿴


382 ҿ
ҶǺ̼һ棬ܻԼŻΪѣҶź˵֮ͬҲһ£û׼ҲһЩʧȥļ䡣
ȻҶ飬ȴǶȻһ֣̬ȼǿӲֱӾܾھԲ
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ȻһҶ޷Ҫ
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ҶȻҲ֪ſ϶ǲԼԭģֻܵͷҴӦ㡣
תţͷ֮ϾȻֳһ˿οЦˣ˵˵ɣôʶģڶΪߣ
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ȻϸǾԼǵԼĹȥҶ֪٣Ƭ̵ʱҲ˵˹ǵ顣
Ҳķǳϸǳ棬ǵҶ˵Ƕİϧʱŵ͸ֵϴЦļΪĳ졣
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Ҷղ˵ǽһսʩչҿ𣿡
Ҷ˵վһһʽĽסţ졷һһʩչ˳
ſ֮ЦҡҡͷɵСӣȡõǲʵ̫Ҷٰܲһæ
ƽ˫ƷսŵȻ̫֪۵ĻԥŴһܡ
ҶɫǰʲôܹЧĵطֱ˵
Եһ£
ŶҶ˵ͷȻ˾ͻȻը˿źХ֮ܡ
ҶĿɿڴĿſտҲǰ֪Լ뿪ˣǱʲô⹥ըˣȻûعǰһžȻ³ǰ
γֵŲǹ۶ɣһʵʵڵ塣
ȻҶŵһֱʲôطʩչٶȣʵǿľˣԼʩչƶСΧҲԿ첻
ңʩչƺǷУ
ŵһöȽָҪϼȦĺںɫԲݵҶǰҵıΪ컷Ѿòˣ鷳ҽ滹ĹһЩսڽ֮ǰ鷳㽫ЩսȡȻѧˣٴ
һ仰Ҷסѧ᣿ⲻðɣϾǰ͸ǵģһֱӽɣ
ҡͷ㲻ҪΪΪлѧģΪ
˵ͣϾȻһ˿˼ŵǿ׳ǣȴеޱǵȵ֮󣬲𽥱ôֱӽЩսǵĻ϶
ŵĽҶǿЦãԭ徹Ȼޱһ˵ѹǸ˵ĸоðһɵ
ŵ˼ʵԼʦԼѧЩսְֵ֮ȥǣ
ȻеΣҶҲ֪ŵʵ͸ǵĹսضǼΪǿģԼѧҲ޺Ӧ
ĵͷȻװæӦҪԱлģҲʵûʲôܹõóֵĶˣɣɽ֮⣬պ˽˵鷳͵һġ
Ҷе̹ͣţһôѵ㲻ҵʵҿڣڣ˵ʵڶǾû˸˵ǵһ


383 ˫
ſĻκ˵˵ҶԲţǼȻǳ֮ڣҶȴţ
Ϊ飬ۼΪʵ
ҶۼܹŵǿǾǳԽԼиֵ޵еĴڣ
ǰҵȻỳʵллˣ
ҶĶһתŭΪϲһ£ҲҸ˵ӵеļͬ˫ԣǼϣģһҪŬȻˣ
ʱ޿̲ԼʵҶ˵ⷬһ޴ջʲô˫Ծͼϣ
ѵ˵ʲôϲɣ
ʵͲסҶڰԼʣǰʲô˫ԣΪʲô˫Ծϣأ
һ֮Цˣʵ޶ҲǺϣģȻ֪Ҿ͸㣡
ĳԵģ߱ҲԵģֻǾǱǺͳһµģΪǱеԣŻγӦԵĳ
Լǻô۳ĳоųϵĸҲǻԣһɵĸʣ۳ĳǳ˻֮ԣô־ͱΪ˫ԣ
ҶʱȻǰÿ۳ĳΪʲô廨ţбȻʲôɿѭԭΪԺͱӵеͬ
Žŵȴǡǡ෴ǻԣоųɵĸܹ۳Եĳһɸ۳ԵĳԿ˫ԡղʩչǽġţ졷˫ս֤ҲͬǾ߱ԡ
óܼ򵥣Ѷ֮ԶԶ۳Ϊ㾳絽˳ʱͲ壬ʵˣʵĳҪĵһ·壬ͷð֪еʹˣĳԲͬôԻ֮£ɹĸʾͻ󡣡
ںôҲ޷ȫ⣬㵽һʱȻͻˡ
Ҷȷǰ֪⣬ѾǳˣٴιĶʩһлǰָ㡣
ûʲôҲԵˣҶɽΪʲô
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ŶǰǸɽǵ꣬ҲӦ˰ɣ
žȻܹһ۾Ϳ״̬ҲˣҶȴǺ֡
ǵģǰҺҵҲҪģԻ̧֣ҲŹҵѡ
Źõҷţȫɽڳ裬ȻǰҲֵ¡ųҶգգ۾⣬ٸһСܣҲ²ûģӦúҵһλеϵԾ㣬Ҳġ
Ҷһ㶼֪ŵ仰Ȼе㾪ȣû뵽ȻŵĹ֮
ѽˣǸϽߣٲߵĻСҪˣ
ȻһţʧҶ΢΢һ֮󣬶Ҳŵ˳һֱߣҪĶѾŵǰ·ϣѾʹϽ뿪סӦҵ£
ĵƬ̣ŵûټ𣬶ҶҲͰĻϷȥ߹ĵطȻû˿Ĺ֮͸ѵõ¡
˴ŰңҶһյϿ˰ڷŵٶһƿ˰ˮﲻһϲȻһֽѣѾ֣Īǻȵϣ͸ˣ
Сĵװռ䳾֮УҶǰȥ֮߳󣬶ѾһоĵͬʱǰȻɢһĿĽ⡣
˰ߣҶҲһĻľ
ֻ̿㣬վһͷ֮ϣȻѪ̳ľģĿҲڲͣһһģÿһĿоͻɳһӲӵķţǰȻһʮףȫɽɫɵĽɫ
ɫм䣬һſϣŨͬī֭һĺɫ磬ڷײƺ֮ߣòײһѷ죬³Ľɫžͻ϶
Ҷ׵ĴסˣӣѲ뽫ɽϵĹˣ
ʱŵٴҶ𣺡ҶϽ뿪Щ֮ҪǶˣҶĿҲͰ׷ˣ
űׯϣأ½ֵİҶ¶ЦԼûаܹλȴִȱΪʥӸȰߣ


384 ƽ
ס֣
ȻûаգŵίУҶҲֻܾܾܿڷ
ҶȻ۾ҶĿ˫峺۾һĿο
ȴûΪҶĽֹͣԼΪȻ³һһĽ֡
ס֣ҼˣЩλǰõġ
Ҷ˵ɻãһ˵֮£϶ʱֳһŭ⣬ҲȴʱֹͣȻЩĿ֮˵ĹΪ֮ҡ
Ȱ˵꣬ŵ̲סСУ֪֪ɽǳ˭֮𣿡
̧ͷյаħ
ŶȻЦһаħһаħСУ²£ۣʲô룿

ϵı˲̣ҶҲͬĿɿڴĲ֮ɫ
Ȼ־ѾһЩͷˣȻкܶ˼ǵ֣Ϊʦǧǰȸ½֮Ϲϵĵһ֣
ʦͰľеƣͬǾͨ𷨣ΪͳΪ˵ʱŵ䣬ϧǣʥӣ
ⲢӰʦзе¸صĵλ
ֻǲǰҶǶ޷ţۼо綾Ļʬ壬ΪصɽȻǳʦֱʣ
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ʮĽɫ׵Ķ˿Щ۳Ľɫת˲㱻źɫɵˡ
ܹǣҲܸˣʱͿˣ
ҶͰͬʱܿƵڿն𣬷۵糸֮Уɽ¼ȥ
žž˴ӿе䵽˵ϣȻ֣ԼѾվɽ⣬ͬʱһĸãã֮Ʈ˳
ܿܿؼ䣬ƽȡ
ԶȥֱȫʧҶͰˣȴͬһ㣬վԭأвϻ͸ŵ˸е
֮󣬰Ҷһһĵ仰ʦŵֻҷеһЩ֪
ȻȻܲ˵ĻžȻֻܹзһЩ߲֪仰ȴе㶯ҡˡ
ҶЦЦţʵߵĿ£ҺĹҲһλѵ֮ͬˣӦòƭǡ
ҡҡͷһǲţʦΪʲôҪó˶񶾣˵ǲк飬񹲷ߵĵط
ҶȻЦݣɫûиܵЩ֮˵ļ䣿
ܵˣ
ҪǰܵˣҲѾ˼ԼϿ¾ģΪˡ
ѵûз֣Щ˵ȷÿһԩģǲɱʦһϵûУ룬ɽҲаӦһЩ֪ܡ
ͷȥüͷ壬˼УҶҲ֪Ҫλʥڶʱڽʵǲܵ£ЦȰǵʵǿһ㣬תתҲʱǾ֪ˡ
Ȼ̧ͷҶ֣ҵ𣿡
ҵ֣һ֣ɽûˣ׼ȥĵطҡ
ȻˣҾиˣҪ˾£гйʦ顣
Ҷ̾˿ȻǷŲ⣬Ū϶Ҳݣֻܵͷã
ҶҶ֣ౣأκҪҰæĵطֻҪҵߣǣҾͻ֪
Ҳһ
һЦ֮˾ʹ˷ֿ
ɽ֮УҶջǼΪḻģľһλֵཻܣ
ҶͣҶҸȥһ·£֮ƽĻصҶңûҶҵĴţſھѾһӰһסٵĵҶˣǻˣ²ˣʦΣˣ


385 δ
סҶ쵤ϵҶԪʵĵʩңȻҶԪˣǹҶԪݵ飬ȴûи֪κˣȻҲǨŭĵӣʩȻ쵤ڡ
ʩҵĻҶһһѽүүʲôˣ
ʩҿɥҲֻ֪ǰʦ˼ȥ쵤壬Ǽ˸ڣһͲ࣬еӼʱ쵤壬ʦҵңҸϽϽ쵤һˡ
ʩҵĻҶüëšһ˼⼸ڵ˿ܵݡ
ȻʩԼ˵⼸ԼҲʶ쵤гҲֻɵˣźͻ鵺
鵺飬Ҳ֪ǻ鵺ӲܽǴ쵤ϣôֻŵˣǵĿģȻΪЩĪʧٵķͣл׾µˡ
ɱЩ˵飬ֻҶ͵֪Ϊ˷ֹй¶ϢӶûиߣӲŻŵ˴쵤塣
ȻǷдȣȷҶȶɱǣڲµȺ˵֮ҶȻٵ飬æʩҵһ£ȥ飬Ͼͻ
ãȥ֪ͨʦ棡
ʩҲӡҪǿԼܼʱϵҶң˻ɣҲ˵ĵӣѡ֮ʱࡶغ쳾һгϹġ
Ҷ˵ͷ̳ҶҵĴŵүү˴˸күүһˣһҪȥ쵤塣
ӿǵĺܵΪ˷ֹҶԪҲһʩң˶Ҷ˵ʵ֮⣬κ˶ҪܣҶԪ֪ʲô
˦һ仰ִҴ뿪ҶҶԪ¶εɫȻԼΪ٣ǿҶôæµؼʱ䶼ûУﻹʮֵۡ
ҲʱգҶ˸ͲԼܿƵģҶԼƲˡ
ҶүүкƵסûţʹɣ
᳤ϣҶ߽ȥҲˣֱӽɽϵõֶȡһŵƵǰֻˣһ취ȥҵģЩš
˳˵ҶҪǰʲôյصʱ򣬾ѾµȥѰҼֶҩҲίʵûϵŶʱ䣬ҶȻҵֶ
۹һһĴֶ֮ӹ˰ˮʱס˵ʲô
ֻ֮з˱˰ˮĴڣƺүүֶֻ
б˰ˮ˵ںֶҩ֮᳤ϣҩ¾ͰˣҪǰһˣʲôµһ˵
Ҷ赭дĽ˰ˮ˵˳Ȼɻʱ䣬˵ˣأ
ԴɵĿҶһ۵ȥһ֮İ취ˡ
Ŷˣ᳤ϣҾȸˡ
ȵҶ뿪֮Ʋ˰ˮƿӣϸĿ˰κĵ˰ˮҺûܷ֣Ȼܹ֣ѵ˵жɣ
ʱ䲻ҶȥڿĪ磬Ȼֻܷͷҵ˻ɺʩңгڷȥ
ʩҼݳԲԴǣ복֮һǱĿҶҲֵ徲ɴʱ䣬úõԼ˼
ҪȻǰڵ飬˵ʵѹûнŷ
ȻŵԼ֮п϶Ҳλ֣г֮ԼǲܳԸڣôȥ֮⣬Ҳʵûʲôܹвˣ
ˣҶ󲿷ֵʱ䶼ڻԼɽ֮С
ɽľҶ̫𾪣صĵطȻʦŹͬóģžȻǵͬ壬ʼסɽʵѾ˸ߵĿµĵز
оգ˵øҵֶĺ޵еĸ˽顣
ɲͨĽ飬Ҷ˵ǸĳŵӵһȴȺڻҪǿĳɽ
ȻҶû¾ܵɽ鷳㣬Ը˵ǿĶ֣ҲȥѰӻ
ŵĳ֣Ҷ˵壬ǾԼδ˸ģļԼгһջΪһεħۣ


386 Ƶ̬
гΪڶӲܳĽͨߣȻпֱӷɵ쵤ȨҶǵŵ£˶֪飬ûɽԼȷŵɽ£Ȼһ쵤ȥ
һ·֮ڵĵӣɽģҶ̱ϹϾȻǵѾҶ˵ݡ
Ҷᳵ·Ĵٲ԰֮̽ʶͷ˳ȥȻƬ֮üͷѾΪ쵤ϣ˵֮⣬ֻˣʩ˵кüˣ
еһΪ磬Ȼﵽ˳أҶ²⣬ӽԼӦþΪˡ
Ȼ쵤壬ҶȻҲҪԼϢƬ̣ӵѾԶԶĴ˹Ҷˣһ㲻ڼأû뵽㾹Ȼô͸ˡ
ӵƽȣҲҶʼŵʱԼûûʲô¾У
ӵסŴ򿪣˴˳ҶĿֱԽ˵ӣϡ
һһ٣ٵҶŵ󱦣һһλߣȻ𺡣
Ҷŵӵ˵ͷүүλǣ
ӵɫҲʮֵƽû˿ľţҶʻתָߵλŵķʣϴλ͵Ĵ磬֣λǱڵҶˡ
Ȼ˷Ƿ͵Ĵ磬Ҷ׼̬ŵƺûлɵԼͷϡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦŷʹ˹ֵԭǷ֣
ʵ۾ĶҶûϻӦҶҲͬʱоһ΢ײԼ֮ϣȴԼ˻ȥǶԷʶ鿴ԼΪ
ҶﲻЦ˵㳾ˣҲ뿴͸ҵΪ
ʵȷʲôʱһЦҶ֮һȻ鴫ֲҵܵܺ㶼޲ڣ
ҶҲ׼ǰ쵤ĿģѾȷŷԼ֣֮Լµʲôͷ̽ԼĿڷ磬ɫİ£ֿ佱ˣܲ鴫ˣôû
ʵоһ𽥵ͬʱһӴϢҲķڶĵҶ֣Ŀġ
һҵܵллָ㣡
ڶҵܵܵģ
ڵٺ٣л֮Ȼģ
;ΪҶڳμ֮£ͶҶ˹Ҷ΢ͽһȥ֮󣬾ͽ¸ֳڷȻҪˡ
Ҷͬ˿ηͷųϢĵ֣лҵĻҵǲ⣬ĵڶĿҾͲˣĵܵܣûһϵôܵҴ䣿Ȼ㶼ˣҲ͸㣬Դϴ֮Ҿûټˡ
ҶĽͣʷǵûͷų˸ǿϢȻ֪֪飬ζҪҶһܡ
ŷɢϢҶԿ϶ԷصľȷͣƣҲͺ񵶴ƽ֡
ڽɽ֮ǰ񵶾ͲҶĶˣɽ֮УѪͳĹ֮ͬ£Ѿ˳ؾ磬ԳصĸҲһƴ֮˵ǰķˡ
һЦ̶ֳȵѹȣ޷ѪƣҶƾϷƣ׵ķѹס˷ʡ
ʵ϶ʱҲǽп಻
Ȼͺͷ󱦣ڶ˵Ҷʵûз
Ϊ˽Դ֮ϣҶʵȷҪߣҲԲ̫߳࣬ԼſŽǰʮʵȻԺúõĽѵһҶԼĵܵܺصӡ
ȻڣĿ֮⣬ȷһĿġ
֮ǰҲȷżŵӣΪҶٳٲأǴȱ֣ԷʾǻȥֻԼͷ󱦣ȴҶ
ʻҲҺԼ֣ĻԼҲͬ޷Ӳ֣ϾҶڵˣԼֻ߲ͣɴһƵ̬ҪŭҶ֣ԼͿ˳չˡ
ڣĿǴﵽˣȴҲʼˣ
˵ΪʲôôǿҪѹԼһͷѵ˵ΪԼҪߣǳصĸˣ
ʮ겻أ
Ǵ˵ҲӦûɣ
Ƭ֮󣬷ʵɫԽԽѿҶͬ˰ǿƵѹ֮£Ҫתߵͷ


387 ʯ쾪
ʵѾܵ˼ĴҲû˰ҪѵҶͷĵļˣʼձŵȻҲȥ
ҶЦһһ
ͬһɽӿ䵽˵һ㣬˸оضΪ֮һ𣬸÷̲סһ˿ѾϢģȫıҶĵȻ޴档
㲻˵Ҫл𣿡
ҶǳһѷذףݺݵĴ̽˷ʵĿڡ
˻ԣ˵λõĳصĸ֣Ҷ˵֮£еԷ˳һŭ𣬻Ȼȫͷų
һ޴ĴڿдһƬӰҶҶȥ
ȻǷ͵Ĵ磬ȴҩʦĳҲǻԣԣ
ԱԺؼټϴ˿̷ǾطһѾԼȫҲǲСǾ޴ĴԸߴĺ¡¡ľ죬ҡҷѡ
֣϶ѡݱܷâȶ㿪۱һϧҶҶĿǰΪֹյԣˡ
Ҷ׼֮֮ͬԵĺصķֵסʵһ
Ĵӣ̺ܵǿҶȻ뵽Լպ񵶽ʱΣ
ԼҲ˵Ľ֮ΪСɽ񵶣Ϊ˷ֹߣס˫ţȻͷ񵶵նȴӲƵԼĹ
ٶȺ𼶵նҲ˸Ҷ̵ӡҪѧһʽս
ֻûϸָҶ޷ƾʩչն
ȻԷʼԼһ޵ĹʽҶԺȴͻȻðһΪ󵨵뷨
նĿھҪԼǲ֪񵶵һֹʽȴܹģ
ˮʯ
ǽеȫһ֮
Ҷûгףô񵶾ַʽͻҶķ
ˣĹʽͬģ
Ҷ֮ҪʱҪԵˮʯķʵĹΪ뵽ˣˮԣôû׼ˮʯĹʽնһĹϵ
ԼܹɹʩչˮʯôԼû׼ܹһնʩչҪ졣
Ҷ뷨ǼΪ󵨺ðյģҲΪʱʱðģ»ô߶ԽܣĴͷһߵ˽죡
˿̷ʵĴѾҪҵҶͷ˿ҶƺǱɵһȲ֪㣬Ҳ֪ʹվȴŴ
죬üζ̲סҪѣȴûзΪҶʵ
Ҷڵ֮ͬˮһٱӿֵʳָָ⣬˲ָۣ֮ϾȻĵ⣬񵶵ָ
ˮʯĹؼһı
ҶڽŵһļУһ֮󣬲ǵڶı
ڣڷʵĴ󴸿Ҫ䵽Ҷͷһ˲䣬ҶҲȻԼʳָͬһһ㣬ֱӵĴ˴֮ϣ
Ҷڵ֮ḻѾﵽ˾˵ĵزôһ㣬ȫǺεǿ
ݡһҶʳָ̧ͬʱȻ˻ƿĺХָ֮дӵʱһȻ
˵ʩչһǵˮʯôͬһҶʩչӦýʯ쾪ˣ
ֻһ޷Ĵ˳ԼĴӷӵϣԼϣҲ޷סеĴʲòſƣɿ˴һӾȻֱӷ˿УȻصˤʮ׿⡣
ͬʱʵĽŲҲ޷ȶŵŵš˶ȥ
һֱ˳ʲǿסΣӿһȦ쳱£֮ϣҴܣۣڸոշһС͵ıըһʹ֮
̧ۿȥֻҶ˫֣΢΢һ˿ĳЦעԼ
һʱ֮䣬ʼŭӣѪӿһѪ
ۣ
ʱ򣬷ʲźȻ֣ԼھȻѾصˣ
󱦺͵ӶĿɿڴעҶ˭Ҳ޷Լ۾
һУԣӦ˵һָҶͻ˷ʣƺش
ʿǳصĸ֣ȻҶһֵָס
һ̣ŵˣǵӣﶼʮ̶̼µʱ䣬λˣȻԼʵһǴ


388 
סڵʹ࣬ôһ˿ĿעҶ
ҶȻͬעŷʣȴԼղŵһ˵ʵһԼû뵽
⣬ҶӿǾϲԼʱð뷨ȻԼײĹʽͨһУҲԼһʩչնĹؼ
ԼٳԼֵˮʯĹû׼ܹյնʩչ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼϵ˲䷢˱仯̬Ѿ׵ȥȡ֮Ͱ׵Цݡ
ͳŵҩԼ֮󣬷ЦеĳҶ͵ӹ˹ֵ˼֣ҶˣǼЦˣʵҾΪҵܵܺҶ˵ĿޣһʱŻ²ߣƼŭҶˣҪһҶ˵ľѧԸóҶ˵ȷʵǿҸʰ·磡
Ҷ͵̲ס˴˶һۣ˵ͬʱðһͷʵݼ֮ǿҲǸʰ·硣
Ȼʶ˵ˣҶ͵Ȼ˭Ҳ÷Ҳ˸ԭҪҶдһ£ʵҪô鷳ֱӿھǣҶָġ
Ȼ֪ǹڼԼ۱֣ԼȷҶ˷ҲֻܳưͿ˿ĵνʶԺҾ֪ˣˣԹҶˣ֣ǻ˵˵°ɣ
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ʽŵĺʱĵõһֵĵҩ˱ҩʦȴҲ޷öҩЧãǰɣλҩʦǰţͬоöҩ
ܷоλһˣػлȻ˭оöҩҩЧд
ʵⷬո˵꣬Ӿ̼ɴĿڵʲôʱȥ
ʵһ˿ײ֮¶ЦݵʵͿԳˣΪʵǺ棬ҪĿһҶ˵ķɣԲϵӣɵҩʦӦöˣֲĻǲ̶ɣ
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Ӽǲ˼ĵͷӦû취λҩ˵ܹʶһöֵĵҩջԿܵġ
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ڷ͵뿪ȥμӶҩͻȻʧ飬Ѿʼ飬һμӶҩɵ˶ѯʡ
ҶǱ˴˴ɵԼв붷ҩˣһҧڶҩϲûм͵ˡ
ɽׯĶѦǶŵ˱ʾǿҵĲΪ͵˵ġȱϯΥȴɵԼýɽׯ䣬һĴۡ
һŵ˾ʵɻ˼㣬ʮӣдǳĸ֣ɵľʦڵôˣȻĪʧˡ
ˣʬ
Ϊˣֲ֧ԳԼ˵ԶҲٴξˣǰҩǸɽ֮УȻȻûзԼӵ˿ȴǷйֵĺۼ
ȻԸţǷԶҲ³ЩӦѾɱֻǶ־˭ȴҲû˿ͷ
ͻȻɥʮλ֣κ˵һԪĴ£ǵʮڵҲ⣬ˣԶŵĵ´ǲϧһдҲҪ취ֵ˭
ŵĵǾͿʼƴĶԽô취
ٽоҩ֮μӶҩҩʦǵĿҳ͵˱ɱ
ֻҪҩʦδ֪ĵҩȤԶܻܾӾõӣȫûʶһƭ֣һıڴͶ
ȻʵĿ⿴ԱߵҶҶˣԵҩҲȤĻһȥ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȵӸˬĵͷֲ˵Ҳ׼Ƥȥʶһˣ
ȻҶЦǼΪãǲ֪Ϊʲôȴоһ˿⣡


389 ӥ
ӷʵУҶԲ³ŵˣ֪Լҩʦݣ
ȻĻȻͻԼһݣɷʿͷˣ
Ҳǵ֪Ѿˡ
Ȼڵ֮ҶѾʲôܣʱŵѾæǽͷöûʱȥעЩֱڣĲ֪ҶҲһλҩʦ
ڷʿͷҶ룬ȫҪλս֮ܣ
ȻҶѾ֪ŵһƭ֣пܽԸǰȥҩʦһôȻõӶǰˣοڻһǿţʼҪҸһᣡ
ҶӦ֮󣬵ǲĴߴٵˣʱ䲻ˣ͸Ͻɣһñо˵ҩЧãǿɾͿˣ
ʸ֮ڶˣЦеĵͷ˵ĶԣھͶɣ
Ҳǳеķйǰģйߣһֻһֻĳεĳ
ԹǧĳҶʮֺ棬ܹڿзУһ䵽ϵġ
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ʵ֮ԴŽȻȸ½ķй߾ٲʤҪ˵ٶȣŵӥҶģһ֪ˣ
Ҷûʵҫ˼ŷǰĻ
תΪ̬õĽӿеٶȣ
ܹУһֱҶһ룬ϴͳɹˣϧͷȴΪܵŶһ񣬴֮ҲҲûлȥˡ
ȻڿӥͷʵĻȴǸеٴλ
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󷨵һӴ˲䴫ӥ壬Ҵƨ֮˳
һײķ֮ƶ֮£ӥ˵棬ббķ˿С
ҶһӥɵķʽԼӿȪѨķʽһģһ
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ԭӥĳǻᶯģŷͷƵı仯ı䣬α仯ʵֻǱһԭǾ˳ӦƣǺͷ࿹⣡
ҶȫעʶȫĺӥϵһƺԼѾֻӥת֮£ڷɵİ֮С
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ʮʱɹʮٶҶҲ̾硣
ͬɽһǽɽϣֻɽɽ̫ɽôߴΰ
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ɽȴһص㣬Ǵɽ֮СһҲ쵤ô
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ʶڵӵֻǻ˻֣ת̬ĶҶҶˣ룡
ΧЩǵ۾ʱɴˣȻʶϹϾԴʵǷǳ棬λ;Ȼ֮ᣡ
Ҷϰֱעӵĸо˵ͷڷʵɽһŽȥӽ󣬿л߶ţʲôҩѽǿǧҪȵҰ
ȵԶȥ֮ŵ󱦲ӥ֮˳еǰ뿪֮ĵ죬ھп˵ã˵רҪݼڻδ뿪
ڵĿˣ
󱦵üͷԼͷʱһֱڣôڷܵ
֪˭𣿡
һԸŮ׺ͷƲǺǾʶʱһֱǡ


390 һ
Ҷ֪ɱ˷͵˵飬Ȼеĵ˶ȷؿƿȴһ˽µʼĩй¶˳ȥ
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ı㣬ͬǵҶĿǰݣŵԶ֪µĻܻΪ˼ɵİΣҶҶ֣Ͼ˾ԻҶԾصĿ֮ѡ¸߷ԶĶӣ󱦡
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ױֹģ׼ڵʱ򣬷ȴ͵͵½ǣɷ󱦳˳ȥ
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ˣҪľǸϽ͵͵뿪ȥȺϢͬʱҲùŵ׼

Ҷ͵ӸڷʵһͥԺ֮⣬˻ûнȥҶƾǿѾԡԺڵˣ٣ʮˣвҶѾʶġ
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Ҷ͵ӵĳ֣ɢͥԺȫվæ첽ӭ˹Цݵдżֹ̬Ҷк
ҶҲЦеһӦš
֮󣬵ȲʵλǼǿֵĵҩ𣿡
Цҡҡͷ֣Ҷûӣ
仰õӳĳ˿Ƿתֿʵ֣˶ˣԽҩó˰ɣ
ʼЦеվһעˣ˶ԴҶ̬ȶǹмӵʱ̲סһ˿ʵ벻ͨΪʲôôƵҩʦǣȻҶ
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391 һ߸
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û˿ڵĶҲûκսļӣƽƽһơ


392 ħһ
ҶƽһĳλֵɫøӵĲ԰ס
ܹصľ磬ȸ½Ҳĸ֣ƽ϶Ǹ߸ϵĴڣйͬʱֶԵе
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˹һ֮ϱը˿ոЩҪɢĿƣγһǿ磬˷ϯȥ
ԭվڸλ֮ϵˣĴϮ֮£鲻ԽҡòͷųסԼ塣
λ޴Ľȴ޷ٱ־ֹҵҡ
ڣҶ˵ȫ۵˶ʱ޷ڶ೾ֵԼһε𵴣Ȼ̮һƬ档
һƬ̳ɢͬһһ㣬ѸٵͥԺеӰС
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ûг֣Ϊӵ˿ҶԸ԰ĵԸ԰ȴѾʼ΢΢ҡˣķѯԼԼλֵĺһԼܷҶһأ
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ԶɫƽĿͶ˷£ĵȻѾˣǾ;ɣһ͸óˣҶµĻǾֻԳˣ


393 ս֮
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ˣʶ֮ÿ˵жӿηͷǲԸ⣬ҲҺҶ֣
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ֱʱҶϲ¶һЦݣҲ𹥻Ŀģ
ս֮
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û˻ɣžû˸ҳ֣ʱһȻ𣺡ϲŵӦ潣ɣ
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ˣǳص


394 
ڼͬܵļʶҶǿ󵽿ֲʵ֮󣬰˵ٳµĸǣӦòٸҺҶˡ
λȴǷ֮Ȼʱվ˳˵ﶼֹ
֮»վˣֻˣһǲηɵӣһ־ǿŵĸ֣
Ȼɵӣôһλĸ֣һλʶҶǿ֮ȻҪҶֵĸ֣
ߵķǳ˫֮ϰһ㣬ÿһε̧ȶǼΪĳ
ÿһ£ȴڵһĽӡÿӡ֮ľ룬óӿ̳һ˿
ߵҶǰԶĵطͣ˫ĿƵĿҶ
ʵҶҲע⵽ˣĸ֣ӵһڲͬʣվһȺ֮УͬȺһۡ
Ȼе˻ԼʣܵԼôۺעĿ˵Ҷ
ȴҲһЩǡ෴ǼȲҲΪǸں˵Ŀ⡣
أ
ˣ
ʻվ˵ĿȻҶƵϡ
ŵˣȻ֪ǺҲҾŵˣڣҲŶǿʵΪ˭Ҳûмֻ֣֪֮Իӵĵλݣȫյģ
ټƽʱҲǹ°֮Ȼܶŵĸֶв֮û˸ȥȻվ˳ǵҲǳڴΣлܹʶʵˡ
ͬʱȻվķԶȻ΢΢һЦʣ㲻һֱܺͲΪʲôܹõҵ𣿡
ͻȻðôһ仰̲סһæڵصӲҡ
ú£ûй˼ʵ֪кܶ˺һ뷨һصΪʲôܹҵʶ죬Ϳ֪ԭˣϾҪ֣ȥɣ
һʱ֮ⷬ˼ڵϰ첻ҶҲ֪ԼǸȥǲȥ
ԥһ֮󣬷̧ͷȻǰѾû˷ԶӰһȻҲȥҶ֮սˣҲҵ飬æת·ȥ
Ҷʻ̲ס˿ϲŵ潣Ȼݣ΢΢һЦ潣Ӧ͸ĸͽİɣ
طҲҶΪԷķ緶۽½ȻɱݻǿʦȻкɫˣԿ֮䣬˼ơ
ƽƺûҶĺ壬ĵͷӣҵͽɱġ
ǣ
˵ʵҲΪУϾӵ˾˵ĳɾͣı϶кܶ£㣬㣬ɱ㣬һܶˣԼպǰ;Ҳ޿֪֪һӾһͽܣȻҲûнʲôǲô˵ȻһʦôҾҪɱôֻɱΪ
ͳⷬҶԿ϶ΪݣԼ㲻ܺΪѣҲԻΪˣпܷŹһ
Ҷ뷨ηǡ෴˵ĻоԼż֮
˵ʲôˣһѾ˶֣޸ĵĿܣҶҲԼĳɫ֣ĻͲ˵ˣҶиԼֵɣְɣ
Ҷ˭Ҳ˵׵ľ룬ңңԡ
վΧˣ˿̶̲סȻȥ뿪һƬΪǶܸܵõǰɢƣһΣյĸо
ȻûʾĸоǲѾչֳ˾ʵҶĪѾ˺ͬ糾ֵķ룬ҲԼûʲô֮
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֮еһжѾȫʧ·֮䣬ֻʣǱ˴еĶԷ
ǵϣһۣƺ޹˼ɵͷ˳
ƲģǾ˺ֵĽ֮󣬲һĻܳġ
ɢȴżҶƻֺ룬еԣȴǱǱԡ
ƶ֮ϣԶնվ·ŵĶˣϴһ˿ȵѵ˵Ҷĳģ


395 
Ҷ˵սӡʱ򣬾͸Խսĸ֣Դ̤볾֮󣬸ңնǲ֮ǰŻܹص񵶣صķʣϸղһ֮λֲһʤľڵƻĶǴﵽѵ۷״̬
ȻֻͬسҶȴκη涼ޱȡ
˵ҶһεضĴɽɽֱָ񷣬ôɢı亮һ֮еıɽ¶â
ֽȻͬƾԡ
ʱ˿̣˵ޱȵأƺҲܸоĳվԼǰĶ־֮ǰֵĶǽȻͬġ
ҲֻǿĶ֣ܹĵսڲϵս֮У۷ʵǡ
ʱͥԺϷֻȸߴߴһ߻Уһȶų˵ͷӹ
ȻûȾˣֻȸͽӶĴӿ䵽˵ϣҶߵȸͷѪײʯͷһǱߵȸ֮ȴǸһ˪ȻǱ˱顣
ȸ䣬µĵѾٵĸһ㱡ı˪ԶӶȥ¹ѩĴһ
ҶµĴء֨죬һ˿ϸѷͬ֩һͬ˷Ӷȥ
ͬһѵĵ棬Ǳһ˪ĴأǡվλΪޣͬʱҲڻϾ
ʵϣҶĽˣ
µ˭֪ȻǱԵĳԲܷӳôǿıԹҶĳԣȴǲ֪͸ֻܸоԡ
ڣһ˿ƾ谭Ӳͻ˱˪ڱ֮һѷʱȻһХȫʧˡ
ֲֵĶԿһܣټѡַʽҶ⣬ʽķ˹
ٶȵȷܿ죬ֻܿһĺȴӰȻҶٶ˿Ҫϼ֣ȥ֮䣬ֻ顱Ľ֮
Χ۵˲Ǻôǳĸ֣Ǵ˿̾Ȼ˵ӰʵϵĲҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ŵЩˣȴеΪʲôܹܵˣֻǵȴȻ̲סеɻǾΪֻг
ѾϵͬվһԹۿķƺˣҶ֣֪֮ҶǽֲĹ͹ٶȵ֮£һָоȻȻܹĿǰҶƽ֣òе𾪺η壬ȻҲкͬһɻ
ƺ֪ʵһԶ𣺡ûɣȷֻǻʵس
ٿȻתͷվԼ󣬶Ҳ˲̲סʵأΪʲôӵǿʵ
ԶЦЦʣһЩˣǾеĻһɳḶ́һֱǷ˳ƽƽģ˵Σգ˶йЩˣǵÿһγɳΣգԲСģпܶ˵һ𣬵ͬһʱ˵ʵǿһأ
ͣЦĵȻеˣʵˡ
ܹԼⷬ˼Զŵοĵ˵ͷˣȸ½ı֮أﳣѩأݲһЩǿ󵽱̬޺ޣֵط˵ͨˣӡˣǳߣҲδֻܹ
ԭڱ֮ذ⻹ǵһ֪һ
ǵģΪˣ滷ǿ淨򣬲ͳʵԶͬߣҲΪʲô۸ʵħ߶Ҫͬĵ޺ͷǿԭ򣬴󲿷ħߵĳɳͬޱΣա
˶٣ҡҡͷȻħʮڵĴ󲿷ˣȻųħߣͬҲеĻ䣬ûħߵʵ
ʲһʵɲԶͬ磬Խ˲ĳصߣ
Զ¶һЦݵܳԽ㣬ҲȫΪղ˵ЩǻһҪԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡æʵ
ȻԶȴ˸ӵ۾ϸһ֪ˡ


396 
ʱ˿̣ټͥԺ·ͻȻ뵽ϺĶĺ޴ڵĳ䣬ҲĿʼƮѩһ̹ǵĺ⣬ÿһڳ˶鲻Խ˲ӡ
ɲȻı仯壬·Ϊ˱ѩԼĺޱΧͷųȥ
ҶҲһڼʶλߵΪ񵶻ҪǿĶࡣ
Զ͵ͬҲδŻģʵҲԶͬ׵ߡ
ҶڵԶˣѪŻ᲻ܹʱĺӰ죬ȻĻˣͱͷųĺɱ飬Ӷʧȥ˻
ȻҶѾԿ϶ĳǱԵģֱֻڣûмʶĳ
ϣһ䵽˼µĺȻڲϵͷųΧĳǶ޷赲ɺ֮⣬ѩǵķΧҲȻϢ𽥼ӴĿǰټͥԺ֮УոյһƬĵشҲһɫı˪
·𶼳˰ɫ磬⣬ǧѩƮƬɫ֮лһɫڲͬҲΨһûб˪ϮģҶǷԲ׵ķΧ
ʵȻǿ˹Ȼǳ˵ϣҶֵܹڣǶٶȶ˿Ӱ죬˴ĵ׷塣
˭ҲûжսǹƾŸĴʮغ֮
ڣҶҲо˺⣡
ҶȴǻŸΪǿĻûʹá
ֻĿжȻһХ֮еҡҷŻ磬ϴֵܳľ룬̶̵֣ȴɲ֮ɢҶڵĺ⡣
ͷŵĺ䣬ϾҲֻ֮תܹ鼶࿹ء
ˣҶ𸲸ȫҼӿ˹ٶ֮Χ¶ȾͿʼٵ
ģĵ濪ʼڻһƵʼģ˵ߡ
Ѿ֪Ҷӵˣ絤ӵ˵ȻǺ棬ǶЩһμʶҶʩչ˵Ҷ֮ϲϴܳϺɫĻȴǲò۾ɴ˼£
ǶƾҶɢǹɺصϢоҶĳӦԣȻҶðĻ棬ȴǳ׵Ʒԭȵ뷨ҶĳȻǻԵģ
֮ĪˣҶڣκ˶ҪҶӵеԳȻĻԼԵĹӦͷųԿˡ
ϾĶͷҪƱԣΪЧҲģ
û뵽Ҷֱڲŷ˻棬Ҳζţʵһֱûʩչȫʵ
۹ⶸȻ˲ҶϵǱԭԼ潣аԼһ
潣ǻԳȻҶ䵱ô϶ҲǻԵĳˣ
Լôû뵽㡣
ҶǿǴĵ׸е⣬⻷³ɳ˵ܹһƾеĶֱ֣κ鶼Ҫϲá
ۿԭյһƣҶðĻ棬һĻɫУֱȻ޴棡
˵жðһͷȻǿҶǰҶԵĳǱˡ
Ȼ´ӱĶصȵļ֮ҶͻȻͣΣ¶һĨЦ֣ǲǿԵΪֹˣ
ͬͣΣҶ֣صĵͷҶԭҲز¶ȻҶֳȻҲҶʧʼɣ
˵Ļ֮Χ̱üž

ʼ
˴ڣǱǧĶ²Ļ棬ô˶еǵĺ⣬ôƺƴĶȻֻ˵
ʵ˭ҲûжԼʵ
Ҳ̫˼ˣ
ʵԼ֮⣬ľǷԶˣȻ֪˵ĶʵΪ˴ڣ˭ûʩչս˭Ҳûó˴˵ĳûչ¶һֱֻڱ˴̽ѡ
̽ѾôȻҪʼչ¶ʵˡ
ԶʱȻһĿķʵʣˣ֮ӵ˳ǿʵԭϾҪչֳˡ
ڻµͬʱ˵ƶʱ˷츲صı仯֮ɢĲǱǵĺ⣬һɹů紺ů⣬ͷ֮ϸֳһŻ棡
һŰɫĻ棡


397 Ǿ
˵ģҶڣ鲻Խס˺ʮ˫۾ȫεעͷȼգͬɢ£ȴǴİɫĻ泾
˭Ҳ뵽ܹͷųǿĳȻǻԣһΪĻ棡
ӶŰɫĻ棬ͻȻ˿ǾǱǾ𣡡
Ǿڵؼ棬˵Ǵڼ֮أɱһ棬ӵ治ͬİɫ
ʵɫֻкɫкָܶɫ˵Ϻɫ𣬻ķ͵ĺɫ档
Ҳĵӵеؼ棬ѵ˵Ҳҩʦ
Ȼûпڻش𣬵Ļ֮Ϸ¶һ΢Ц
ֻҪӵлԳߣ϶뾡취ȥΪҩʦ˵ܹӵдĻ棬һǵؼ泾ˣҩʦȥҩڱ
ȴǡþֱˣ
˴˿𾪵ԭ򣬶ΪӵеıǾĳȻֻҶһ𾪵ԭڲͬ
˫Եߣ
ŵĻ˵߳˳֮⣬ҲԵģֻǾ˱Ǻͳһ£ͬԣô˫ԣǼϣģ
⻹Ҷһμʶ˫ԵߣʱԼ֮ĵжԹϵѿʵ֣ôγ˫Եģ
Ҷʻ÷ԶȻתͷĿһۣȴüͷ΢΢һ˫ԣָͷųȴӵлԵĳ
Ȼ֪ʲô˫ԣҲ߶֪ϾǵʵûлӴȻܹҲ֮١
ԣҶͷ
صĵطѩأǳ䣬ΪҪȥֻܾܵӦֺ䣬ʱ˵ϣܹӵһԶϨĻ棬컹չңһҲ۳˻泾
ӵ˫Եԭ
ȻĽʮֵƽƽ֮ȴ̺һ˿ıΡ
ղŷԶ˵ҶִС֮еĻ˵ǴӳʼʳǣĸѾΪ׼ҪһУҪľڽܵͬʱŬɡ
ˣ޷ֻжôĶӣжôΣգʱ䶼ҲѲҪȥͱҪ˸޷ļŬ
֮ԻĻ¶ӵЦݣΪҩʦµλٳߣҲȲϻȥҪ
͵λѡʱе˶ѡ
ĻҶȻ𾴣ҲŵˣǷΪΪʲôӡ
ܹͷųֲıͬʱӵеؼıȫԣȴǵõںϣټɳĻԽһȻҪˡ
Ȼȴû뵽ЩȷǷԶһЩԭ򣬵ԭȴǺ͸ղҶʳǾ仰ıϡ
Ϊ˫ԵߣǼϣģ
ĸǿǳأڳУҲֻֻϣʱϣôһпɾͲͬˡ
Ϊʲôĳ֣Ǳչز£ԼͽҲȥģΪԼͽ˵ϿܹϣԸôˡ
ΪʲôҶֵܵ࿴ҲΪʮʵ̫пˣ
һʮٸĸ֣ҲһҪЧ
ҶΪ֣ҵĻˣǿʽʼˣ
˵ͷ˫ͬʱ֮϶Ȼðһɱѩ۶ɵİɫҶݺݵɨ˹ȥ
ֻβǵĹս
У
ѩ̳ٶȼ죬ҽ֮ϡԿһ˿ϸıߣͷųǿҺȻܶᡣ
Ҷ̶ֳȵĺͻ¶ȣҶûз
һУһ߽̳磬籼ס
ܹ˽һǳɣ
ֵǣ˽ǲҶûдҶ壬ҶҲʼûг֣վԭأŰ˵ӹԼ塣
˽֮Ȼһȣ
˿
ҶߣȻ˰ɫĻ棬һŰɫĻɲ֮ͽҶΧ


398 ͸
ǰ̳İ˽ȻûдҶȴڿдһ˿ϸıߣڿǹⲻУΪľͻȻ֮ԴתԻʽ֣ҹһŻ
һʵԴսеԴһֻѩ֩룬ʱǱѩ֩³İ˿Χڱ֮ϲ㶪
Լ˱˿սһսĿֻΪ˲׽ʳ۳Ǿĳ֮󣬾ͱĲõĽĳ˻ɹĽֶһ
Ȼͷųǵؼ棬Ҷǰȫûпɱԣһϵֻ˵УҶܾ߱вԡ
ʵҲˣǸĻ棬ȻĻκλ湥Ҷͽ޹
ˣҶڶе벻ͨΪʲôڼʶ£ȻҪԻҶ
Ҷûз߹ɵĻյԼϡ
Ȼڻ津һ̣Ҷϵ鶸Ȼסˣ
ΪЩɫĲ͸£ǡ⣡
ǰͷųĺҪҪ౶ĸǿĺ⣡
Ǿܹͷųȵĸ£ͬҲͷųȱѩҪϼֵĵ£
ֻص㣬֪ǾҩʦҲ֪飬ֻΪǾ˵֪
ǰһչ¶ʱñǾɢ˸£ΪľˣҶע⡣
Ҳ׼ˣԼñǾôҶ϶֮
ʵ֤ˣҶȻûз߻˸ţǸ·£Ҳ̲ס˸ͬʱ΢΢˿
ȻʱкȻһŰɫĻԼԽԽƺǳԼͷ˹
ҶҪͣΪһʱĴ֮£ȻǴе㽩Ӳ״̬޷ֻͣĿŰɫĻֱԼ͡
ղŵĻȻҶ壬Ϊ·ĵֵֻҶе㺮⣬Ȼڣ澹Ȼֱӽ뵽ҶĿУҶɾǳ׵ԵѾ壬ڵ̲סСĿֲˡ
ʲô͸
ڵҶᣬŻĿУǿĺ˲ʹĶס壬ԭе㽩Ӳǳ׵ıסˣ¶ϡƤѾһ㱡İ˪
еƵͬʱҶҲʵս飬ֱÿݣ
׼ԼܿıǾʩչ˽ɱ˿Լ⧲֮С
ȻԼΪ΢΢е㽩ӲһɲǣٴγӳһűǾ𣬲ֱӵԼ
Ȼ޿ײģԼ·ǵ£ĶסԼô򵥣ҲúԼİ취ǴԼ֮н룬Ľ;
һĹȻ򵥣ǱҪǰƻãҳֵʱǷ붼һǾġ
ܹ֮ȻǸɳĻйأСԵʵս֮ḻ¾ǳĸҲһǿĹ
Ҷڱһĵ񣬾õ֤
ȻҶǱסˣǰԼڶģΪֻʱģֻҪ¶Ȼֱָ̾ܽ״̬
Ȼ£鶼޷תȻĿϸֵЦҶĶȻһΪ뵽һֿܣ
ȻҶҶ֣ղҾ˵ˣȻҲɱ㣬ΪУΪҵͽܣֻѡɱ㣬ڣˣ
û˿ԥȻԼƽճһȭͷ
䣡
һҶڴҲֻҶһ
ԭǵµıǾ𣬶Ȼ䱬˿Ż档
ǳظӵе
űǾһ£ż͵¶ȣʱİס𣬶һȴϣ֮ը˿һȵĻˣ̼ѾڶϯҶ塣
ŴҶУУİɫ棬˶סˣ
ӵҶȷκεĻĹ
ֲǽܹõǰ֮£
һѹסˣﻹܹҶϮأ
ȻֻʱıѹƣǱǾ⣬һճɻҽҪõʱ䣿
ȫſǾ¶ȵ£ֻҪʱ䣡
Ȼոչȥʱ䣬ȻҶĿУȻһģͬ쾪һ಻ĳХ֮
Ѩͨ


399 ʶ
һͬǧˣǧͬʱ˻Ĵһ㣡
һͬصĺһ㣬һ˸߹һˣƺͣЪĴ뵽
Ұǧ
ҶХ쳹ɽϿգ
ŵĵһ̶̲ס̧ͷ̥ͬһ㣬֪ﴫ
ڴ˿Ҷ֮սȫǺ֪飬Ӳ뵽ХԼ֮У˾˵ХҲ֮ˡ
ټͥԺ֮УЩĸǣҶХ֮󣬾Ҳûܹƽˡ
˶ѾȫǴһĴͣʱԵɥʧ˼Ժ֮вϻŵֻҶХ
˵ݷѾˣѾɻ滯ˣ֮УΨҶХ
ĵӰͬȰͻȻͥԺϷͬЩ𾪣ȴԶҪ򶨵ĶķԶſл˻ͷĵӰҲӦĵ˵ͷٴĪʧ
ڳ˷Զ֮λĸ֣ڳڱչ״̬֮µǣȻҶХΪ֮ڳʲô£żæƹضڵõ˷Զʾ֮Ȼֻȥչˡ

һĹϣȷǳɹñǾҶ֮ը˿Ҫճɻҽ
ǻ棬һ£һ£ֽȻͬ¶ȣ֮䣬֯һҶʺʱȴѾҶͨ˼֮õѨɴ̼֮£Ȼͨ
Ѩһͨ׵ĽǻˣҶΣҲٴε֮С
ҶһεĳϤĳ
ðȪȪۣȶź֮ϵһůĹâطԵޱȵʺá
пܣҶϣԼܹżˣԶ͵ĵط
ΣȪŵĵطҲȶ֮⣬ĸֳһתУȵ֮ͻһȾµĴš
ƣҲţ֮ŻȻ֣ϲ㣬ӣͨѨ
ħطϿգģӰҲٴγ֣ϴμʱƺԼһЩ
Ҷ˫ϥڵأš
ʶ֮УΨʶƺò󣬵ʵϣʶأģӣ̧ͷңǲǾҵĳĸ׺񣿡
һ仰ҶʱȻ̧ͷ˿Ӱ
һȻ֣ģӰıȻӵ
˫ۣͦı΢΢ǡ
ҶȻסˣ
Լ׵
ħ죬ȻӵźԼĸһģһһ
ѵ˵ħԼĸף
⣬ôܣ
ҶֻԼжʱһƬ֮С
Ȼʱħȴٴ𣺡ӣ侲̧ͷ죬ĸף
һ仰һˮ˳Ҷͷ˲ָֻæٴ̧ͷȻԾӰȴȻʮֵģܿĳࡣ
ӣ˰ɣʶ򵥵һ仰ֻǼ򵥵һֻ֣ҪǴ˵ģôͿֻ
ԭղҶģֻħʶԺ֮гֵĻ
ȷҶһĿΣ˽⵽֮󣬾ȻԿֲ˹
ȻҲչֳħǿʵβ֪ʲôʱҲ֪µȻѾӵгؾҶ˲˻֮Уɴ˿ɼʵ֮ߣίʵѾҶ
˵һйʶʶ֮ĹϵͬҶѾΣȻĺϸֱʧ
ǰľ飬֮ͣ󣬾ʹεѾ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ𾴣ҶȻĹڵϰ֮󣬾׼վʱ򣬳ϵǣȻٴε
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ʱҶѾͣԭ֮ĻҲʧ٣ֻ龹ȻһҲǴڴ͵״̬֮£ƺû˿ķӦ
Ҷ״̬Զ϶Ȼֳһɱ


400 ׽ս
ڵҶΪ˶֮Уȫһ״̬
ҶһͲµķԶʹû˵Ҷĵһμ棬Ҳûзϡ
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ҲеԥΪг֮ԼԼ
֣׼ֵĺ˺͵Ӷ֣
Զ֪Ҷ󵽵׶ʲôĿɽϸ룬Ҷǰ;ôûгָأ
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뵽ԶջסԼɱûжҶ֡
ʱķԶͺͷһ֪Ҷɱ˷͵˵ı
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Ҷ֮лص֮ӳıų𾪣ȴдһ˿ε
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˵ﶼ齫ηչ֮ս֣ȫҪ֮ˡ
Զע֮һĨɫĹȥʮ˵ӳսҴδܸͬ׵ĸ֣ټӵ˫ԣżϣ
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Զŷʵ˵ͷߵ֮ѾһɫƿλӦûǵĿİɣҿ̹׵ĸλֻһڣλĿģƿ֮С
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Ȼȴƫƫǲ˵¶˸Цݵأ


402 Ҳ
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񵤣˵ɫһ䣬ԵĶᵽɤۡ
Ȼó񵤣Ϊ˷£ӶѯʳɽȵĶҩϵ׷ʲô
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ǷծǮɱ˳쾭飡
ڳô˶ڸԵɵУôż֪֣ҲûеӸȥǵɶɱˣڼȻŵĵ֮ϣ˳֤ݵĻɱǣκ˶޻˵
˵в˺⣬зԶվҶҲûߵĿˡ
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ԶϺЦЦ֮ȴǴһ˿ɱʵǺڵ¶˳ɱ⡣
һȦ꣬ҶȻһ֣еǿ񵤾͵С
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ԶǱҶʵһ㶣Ϊ׼ҶǾ֣Ըû뵽Ŀܡ
֮󣬷Զü֤Ҷ׵ģҸԸҶԼλ
꣡
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ҶһЦ֣㲻ʮǾôڲһӦأ
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ٴαҶΪסˣԶҲüͷ壬û뵽Ҷ䲻ôһ֡
ڼȻҩѾҶŵʲôҲûˣԷԶҲסҶǷҪˣʲôթ
ʵҶҲˣթڼ˵ţٿŷŵҲֱӻΪҺ壬˳ſ븹С
˱˴˶һۣҶӿһľ͸м
ҶȻһ񵤶ˣôھǰǼ˽Χû񵤣ǷԶҲܽǸţɱ֮УҶһεľǵ
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ҶûȥģΪȴԽԽˣĸԸĸߡ
ڣͿ񵤵ҶҩЧ֮󣬻ŵˡ
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ҶԼҲڰţѪβҪԼʧ
֮ҶһԵ񵤣ԼģΪѪģ
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ҶãȻĿŷԶ֣ܷ֤ҵˣ
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Ӻʱ¶ЦݣΪǳ׵ĹȥˣӽŶٽⷢӡ
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404 Ѱ
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ʵжôǿŵˣźҶ֮ҲǵзѣȻֹǫҶ˵ʵܹܡ
ټʺʵԴ̬ȣЩ÷ʵΪʡ
ˣҶڣѾȷߵŵˣ˵ҪǧҪԲŵ飡
仰֮󣬷ת̤뿪ˣȻǹ񫣬Ҳʮηģⷬ˵ĿЩˣһǵˣԼɲĶ֡
ȻǶˣȻĻһ˿ŭ⣬ȴҲûз뿪֮żҶ֮оȻһֿ
Ҷԥĵͷãִ·
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ʵҲ֪֮صңԶȻĻȻԼĵܵ뿪ҶĻҲܹ⣬ǲĵĵǲ֪ҶҪ飬Ҫõʱ䣿
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һ֮ڣҶҪѰҽѣһҪǰȪ·ȳԼĸף֮󻹵ȥϽӡ壬ȻҪ취ҩȳүүҪĻйĪ֮Ľ취Լصľ
ڶ飬ܸһʱ䣬ֻܿЦŵɣ֣㷽Ļͽĵܴܵӱ֮ؽӹȻ͵ҼңֻҪһؼңҾ̶ְΣ
ȻȴûҶⷬһԼüͷƺ˼ʲôҪ顣
֮üͷ˿ҲӦĳ־̧ͷҶҶ֣㲻ĻߣԾౡ֮ҲܹҶҪ飬⣬һλǰҵģϧòϣͽ軨׷͸Ҷ֣Ǳҵл⡣
ҶھܾѾһŵҶУҶ֮󣬶ʱĿ࣬¶֮ɫ


405 ɱһ
֣⣬ʲôˣ
Ҷ֮һֻһƴССˣ
СӵһкףԴ˫۽գɫ΢죬㣬Ϊʵ̫СټϴּΪӲģȥȫһ˯˵һΩΩФ
ʼҲ֪ʲôǸǰҵʱҲû˵ֻǸңһ죬۳ĳ潫ͻ֪ʲôϧǣǾһЧûУҲûãҶֵĻ¶ԱҪߵĶ࣬Ҳܽ

Ҷ۾Сˣ뵽һŻ潫סĻǸоһĺһ
˵ˡǼ٣˾ֻܱһ̲Һ壬ʲôأ
ҡҡͷҶСˡݻ֣죬Űɣ
Ȼȴ̬ȼΪľܾҶ֣˵ˣΪҵܵβл㲻ҪǾ˵㲻׼ҵܵܣ
ҶΪڱ֮أܺ˽ԸŹִֶ֣һ׼˵飬ƥ
֮£ҶֻܴӦðɣҾȴ֮ˣˣ֣ղ˵Ҫߣ
ҶСˣƺǷһµĵͷֻڿ϶УұҪͷǰ˵֮뿪
ҶֻԼԴһȦǸԼҪԼߣȫϣԼܹܵβԼ޷ܾӣٲҪһ˱֮ˣ
˼Ƭ̺Ҷ֣صĵ֣߾ͲˣϾŵˣź֮ҲǵзѣҪ˶뿪ţǶʵǴĲģҴӦ㣬һ꣬꣬ұضȥ˱֮أ
Ը˹Źִ֣ȻҲʲôɵĹ뿪ţҶûκβ֮нڣΪɾǼıѣܵ˵Ĳܡ
ҶȫΪǣȴȻûע⵽ЩֻҶĳŵ˷ܵĵã
˾ʹ˷ֿҶŵ뿪ɽȻοûӥΪˣֻܿи·ȥˡ
ȴ˭ҲûоίΪεɽ֮УĽ˷͵˵飬ջų𵤣
ų𵤾ʹλĸ֣ȻҶ뽫Ž𵤶Ҷˣ뻹ǷһŸӡ
ʦɽԼүүһʦɣ
ʣһţѾүү볾ˡ
͵ǸСˡҶҲóӿ˿ӿȻ棬ȴҲ֪⾿ʲô
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үүҲ䣬Ҷԭص΢õ˻⡣
飬ҪҶԪó𵤵ĻڣΪóĳɹʲʮɣֻɣܲ˿ĴţҪΧԽԽãȻڵҶҲǼҴҵ󣬵κһҲ޷Ტۡ
Ũ̶ȣ֮
ؿǣҶ˵ӵĽ飬̻Ҷңүүӵڣ˳۳֮ȥѰҽѣ
֮Ϊӵٶʵ̫Ҷڰ·ֿҶҸȥ
صҶңҶ˳ĽӵҶԪΪ˸үүһϲû˵йس𵤵飬ֻǴڸȥҶżӣҶԪΪڳʲô飬˼ΣҶȴǲ˵޲öҪҷˣ
ҶǰڵʱɽϣԶһ֮Уݷܹˮ
ͻȻ⴫һ΢ԶȻ˿Լɫֱ壬Ŀ⾼ĿѾ򿪵Ĵš
ƺŶûб򿪣ͿһɫӰͬȰ˷䣬վڷԶǰԴһɭɭ°ݼ
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Ϊ޵ˣȻ֪ҶҪԣҶֻץģץģԼɱ֪ԼҲΣˡ
ԼǷԶеġ־Եôʱ䣬ΪѾߣܵõҲ޷ġ
ԥ˰֮µ˾һЦǲֻҪҶˣͻὫ־ң
仰˵ļмɣ²û˵ԼᶯɱҶԶȴǺĵֻҪˣ־Ҿ͸㣡
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е΢΢һЦһΪ
ˣҺܺ棬ʲôʱʼĵģ
Զ¶һ˿֮ɫǰżϼһ֮Ҿ۶֮
Ŷ¶ʱ¶Ȼ֮ɫԭˣӴڻʱ򣬾ѾɶµķӡҲͿʼˣҿҪϲˣ
Զĺһʵͷ־Ȥˣһֱûзϣֱҷڵķӡ֮ҲŶģǿЩΪҲȷʵ˲ٹ׵ķϣҵʱͻɱ㣡
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֮ڻͻȻɳô֣ȫΪһˣҲҶԪ
죬ҶԪҪҶԻ֮£³𵤣۳볾֮
Ҳ˵ȳ˵ʵڲʲôǶ˵Ǵӱڲһλ֣ɾʮشˣοҶԪҶүүȻ˶ޱȵӡ
˲Ż᲼˴̣׼Ӧκοֵܳ⣬ӶȷҶԪ۳Ĺܹ˳
ҶԪӵӵĿ֪ϢʱһӣȫǿհһƬʲô֪ˡ
˵ȷǸľϲ
ܹ볾ߵԸ𵤵ıֲʲô˶ӵеģų𵤲ҶõģҶԪҶүүôܿܣûʸһš
ϾʲãҲˣΪ֣պʵҲ̫ߣ˵ˡ
ǣȻҶˣôڴϵ£ĵλˣҲ˵֡
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Ȼܹʮӡ۳Ҳǰٷְٳɹġ
ݳ𵤵ƷףɹĸҲͬǼƷףҲֻžųɵİգҶеõĳ𵤣ֻϵȵģֻ߳ɵĸʡ
ҶԪܹɹȻʲô˵ʧܵĻͣⱲӶ۳ĿܣŪܱ
ˣҲһĲעҶԪ
ӵ˵ĽţܴһֵԭҶ
ҶԪʲôʧôҶһŭǲ룬³λ֮⣬˭ҲԸ
˭ҲֹҶԪҲ֣ΪʲôҶҪִŵҶԪó𵤣ѵûпǹʧܵĺ


407 ɹ
ҶǹǵҪԶκһ˶ҪϸҪأܵĻԲԼүүðһ˿ա
֮Ҷκ˵̬ȶҪүүó𵤣Ϊһ̡
ڵīżҵʱҶһʱģ־߻ħѩүӣκˣøΪӳ˳أӶҶóһۣԼӵпΪ
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Ҫһ㣬ҶҪүүжǿʵֻҪүүܹĸӵĳã볾Ԫпܴﵽ꣬ҶҪĶˣ̬ȲŻ˵ļ
ڣҶԪ˫˿һƬ͸֮ɫǰ˵˵ͷ׼ˡ
ҶԪƽ̬˵΢˷ţΪ̬ҲҪģڵҶԪ̬ƽͣ棬۷״̬ɹĸȻֶ˼֡
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ҶԪٴĿһҶ֮󣬺ԥĽ𵤷ŵȻ۾
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һֲɹʵƣͬҲҶԪ˿̵ľģҶ֪ҶԪѾ¶˾ģ޷˵뵽ⱲһγΪ֮С
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ͬʱ˵ӵĿ޷Լͽܵƿ֮⣬ڶһ֮󣬻һͷ̲Լͬ˵˵ڴԻΪģóһС͵Ĺ󷨣ֹκⷢӶӰ쵽ҶԪĳ̡
ҶļǵԼ۳Ḷ́ƶ
Ҫ㹻׵ķ鵤еӡ˵ֻҪӡܹȫըôͿ˵ǳɹһ롣
ˣҶעҲȫļҶԪĵ֮С
˿̣ҶԪĵѾҳһƬΪ𵤵þǼӴա
۳Ĺؼ㹻ĳӡյޣܹܵĻôһ˲֮УջᱻŴӶﵽ㹻Ч
˵ҩһֹߣһֿԺߵĵӡϣȻųĸ򣬴ӶӡӴĹߡ
֪Եܵͬͻһ㣬ӿԴԴϵӿҶԪڣĵΧųתȦ
ԭתĹѾȫңеĿĵһҶԪĴתơ
תȻҶԪ˼ʹ࣬ڲǽٶڲϵıײţϵı𽥵Ť
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼʱʹ࣬ӡը֮ʱʹȫ޷Ტۡ
ҶȻ֪һ㣬үүı飬ȴ̲סҲų鴤
ɲǼ򵥵ۣĵġ
ײ֮󣬾ԲһλʮӡֵȫҶԪ۷״̬ĻôҲܹסײҶԪϾһٶˡ
ʣǹ⣬ڲĽ٣޷긻ǿȣˣײʱԽ˺Խܿܵش
ȻҶиոӿͷ̾ͷһɻҵһκݺݵײҶԪڵһ֮ϡ
ۡһҶԪͲסſһѪҶһͷһ


408 ɫ
һĻӵһ¾ᵽɤۣӵȻվڵ֮⣬ûпȴܹͨʶĸоҶԪ˽ϴĲȻҲһҶԪ
ҶΪѪ˵ģȥѪʱ䶼ûУһ֮£һҧԼѾȻ뵽ҶԪڡ
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һ嶼ܵˣҪ۳ǲܵˣ
һ̣ҶҲڿʼҡǼϣòֻܿʼԼүүڣܷűסүүڵĽ١
ΪӡҪԼյײֱըҶѩԼֻܴһΪүүṩ
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ȻҶȻûзӳߵȴܿ뵽У൱ڱɫһ֪ʲô֮¸ʲôαװ
ڵҶûȥЩ飬֪ԼѾүүڵ֮̿ʼһɹɵĽԴԴϵȥĲۼĿʼҶԪڵĽ֮ϡ
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ȻʱҶԪʹѾӵľ޴󣬵Ḷ́ҶۣȴҲٽҶԪĵסӡǿɾǰﵹæˣֻܾĵȴš
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֮۳أΪĿ鶼һҲһ˵־
۳ܷɹ־̬ǼΪҪһأҶԪģעһʱɹĸʾͻ󣬵һҪ񶼻Ϊ֮иɹĸȻͻС˵ǼΪΣյġ
ΪѾүүںϵһҶǿʶҲܸӦүүľ״̬
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ҶԪǷͷһ֣Ǿ֮ˮһһʰԭɢڼήңгӡҲ֮˳ȥ


409 ׹
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ȻǰһĻȴǶһ֮סԼͣԷԼͻȻгŵҶҶԪ
ҶԪѾȫȶɹΪѵḶֻ́ʣ³ˣûʲôõĵġ
ˣ˳Ծ͹עĶ󲢲ҶԪҶ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˫۽գƺҲڱչһ֮һɫ͹âڹâ֮⣬Ȼʮɫڲϵķţô裬ʮֶΧҶߣһľ롣
󣬵ʮֱӴҶͷ˽ȥ֮һǿҵҶȻ˫ۡ
ʼĿ˷Ҷй̵ĵҲĳһһһ³˼֣ûأ


410 ӭ
ҶΪĵλˣȻʼںܶ˶ʱԼʶҶչֳʵֲ֮Ѿ𽥱ӵҲ⡣
˵ӵĻۼʶ˸ղҶϷһĻٴεıƷȡ֮ı˾η
ڼ֮ǰҲǵĿҶ̣Ӷǵ֪ҶľǳأȻڣҶȻһεóûһûĻ֣Ӷ˳صľ磡
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ٶȷչĻôҶڶ̶̼ʱʮصľ磬һǳ
⼸ǲܷ飬ҶĿǰȡõЩɾ͵Уһǿܷأ
ˣǿӵˣҶҲӿ˾η֮ġ
ҲζţҶеĵλѾĿԺλƽƽ޸֮֡
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ڿʼ˴ףףвֶһλ֣Ҹһλҩʦɶ˻ֵĺ֮С
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ӵĽܣҶ֪үү۳ĳŵ֮ڵҲ쵤嵤õĵػ𣬺ıǾͬƷ
ΪʲôҶԪܹ۳ŵ֮𣬸ҶԼĲ²⣬ӦΪʱյԴڵ֮УΪں˲ٵػУټҶԪǰҩͯҲǳµĴڵ֮УҲǱĬһЩػԡ
ϣ۳˾ŵ֮ĳ
ô˵үүܹ볾ܹӵиԪҶ˵Ѿ㹻ˣ
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ڶϣҶȻһ󹷽˹ȻԺ״̬е㲻⣬쵤ʲôʱˣ


411 

Ҷ͵һ´ӴͨĹУǺǵ
ѾԼɵĪߣԼȻ쵤ѵ˵Īʲô£
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Ȼû˵ҶȴĸܵԼĺ壺˵ƣ㲻ҲǺ𣡡
ҶѯʣĪɫ΢죬ȴ̹ȻĵˣҾˣ
仰ҪǻŮˣǲ˼˵ڵģĪͨŮӣҰҺޣȻʵΪ˼ҶŸĸȻ뿪ɽôȻʵʵ˵ˡ
ҶߵĪǰĽ˫ְ۾¶ƲסЦݣҲˣ
Ǻʵ̲סһͺ𣬹ܹվĵϡ
عҶЦŵˣ㣬ãүүΪˣ

Ī¶˷ĵϲãģ̫ˣүүģȥҪ湧ϲ˼ҡ
ҶԪĪ磬ͬЦͶϲ£ˣѾĪ統Լδϱ
ĪҶվһɲŮòһԣҶԪﲻð˸ͷͷøһ£ʱףС޶˳һˣ˭˵ýҪ׼ЩƸأ
зŮףȸ½һΪش飬˿ڽ飬Ȼ˵ý֮˺׼ƸҲǼΪ
ƸԽԽã˵ý֮ҲԽԽá
ҶԪѾ֪Īļħʮ֮һ֮Ů׵ǲ˿
һ֮ҶԪҶղʦ˵ˣȻ۳ӵ˵ػôʱͲһȥˣҸѧϰҩ֮
ӵİҲҶ֮УǵҶԪҪϸǾպ쵤ܿܽύҶԪ
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ҶѾɼܳڼУҪҶԪҲ쵤壬ǶҶ˵ܻܵЩӰ졣
Щ⣬Ҷֻתͷû˵ΪҪүүүүҪ쵤壬ôȻүүҪҶңǾ˳棬Ҳûֹܹ
ȻҶԪʱȴŵȻʦ˼ˣͲСˣպΪҲ̫ĽչټҲѾϰƽֻܹʦĺˡ
ȻҶ뵽⣬ҶԪ벻ҲԼľ
ȻʦҪԸССҶң֮֡
үүⷬҶҲǷ˵˽ĻҲϣүүܹҶҡ
ȻҶԪصҶңҲ̾ߣ˵Ҳٸʦѧϰҩ
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Ī磬ȻǲԸҶֿҶϸʹйǸɭֵȷûʲô̫Σ֮󣬵Īһͬǰ
ҶľȻĪ˲ѣĪЦݣҶҲȻһϣԼǶԵġ
˵ʵԴ֪Ī֮ԺҶʱʱ̶̿ڵĪİΣɽԼʼĵĵģԼߣкǺԼıӦòʲôΣա
֮ҶĪ˸ǣһǣ뿪쵤塣
ݵӵĽܣ֪ɭ־쵤岢̫ԶֻҶʵî㾢ĻһܸϵǴĪ磬žҪʱˡ
һ·֮ϣ˵鶼㲻˵˵ЦЦ֮䣬Ҳ·;ңԶۿʱȥѾ֪ɭ֡
ȻվɭֵıԵ֮Ҷȴͣ˽ŲȻתͷȥ峺˫֮˲両ֳһ


412 
ҶĪҲͬͷԼ˵ͬʱʵҶܣôˣ
ҶȻ˸ȴ¶ɻ֮ɫ֪Ϊʲô⼸ʵһֱоڸǣȴʼûзκ˵ټڸղţĸо
ҶĻĪ粻еԾΪ֪Ҷǿһ·ϾȻʼնڸԼˣܹҶʶ֣˵ʵǿ󵽺ֵز
ĪȻе㲻ŵʵǳ֣Ȼɣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮治УȻܹңǳǸָĳ֮ȴ˷ʤܹҲʲôϡ¡
ֻǵʵĻǼǳʮصĸָԼôܹԼһʱҲʼԼ϶ٵ¶һۼ
Ҫÿֳÿ˵ĲͬĻǿɾͲ˵ˣϾʤ˭Ҳҿ˵Լ֪ÿһֳ
ʵҶĪҪӵĵģֻԼһ˵Ļ˸˿壬Ī磬ԲĪܵκε˺
Ҷǲ뽫ԼĸоĪģҲŵģۿҪ뵽ɭ֣е㳣ʶ˶֪ɭ֮Ƕ֮أҪĪ֪߾衣
˵ʵܿԼ֮ϣ
Ҷ˺ǣҲ˵ͷȻҲҶһƵĸо
ȻҶͺǶ˸٣ǼԿ϶ˡ
Ī޵ˣ
ٱȻͼҶĪ϶ûʲôֵǮĶͼȻǲܣôǺˡ
Ҷгˣ˵ǲ࣬Ҳôϸϸ޵š׸Ů񵶣ԼϺڵɽ
ЩʵΪǿȻҪ޵ˣźͺ֮У϶ҲмΪĸ֣Ҫߵݣʵǲܵ顣
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ˣҲû취ֻСһ㣬䣬֣ҪʲôĻ鷳ߣ
ǲİһۣǱ̨ʾ⻹㽻
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ǵӰʧƬ֮ɫӰɭֵڡ
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صһͷԷģˣҲӲ
ٺ٣ǾͺãڽӣǷǰߣ
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ٶȣ¾ҶҲҪ̾磬ҲΪˣǶ˲ӹҶͺǵʶһ·׷ٵ

ɭȻû֣ȴǼ󣬾Ҷƣ±ɭֶС˶١
ڵѾûĵص㣬˻ϸ·ߣҶĪҲת֮󣬲ǾĿĵزԶˡ
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ȻݵͼϵıʾֻҪתǰһСƬܴﵽĿĵصʱҶȴһεͣ˽Ųֻٵʶ
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ҶĪ磬¶ֵɫǣһȺˣǵĶԻʲôˣ
ˣ
ɭ֮ˣ
ĿʵҶĪ綼е޷ܣѾתˣĻҲ˽ˡ
Ȼ㹻Ƨ˼Բʺסġ
ʱܿ޵ټǲ֪ΪʲôԽǿͼϽֵĵص㣬޾ԽԽ٣ڵλã޸Ѿˡ
һط˾ס


413 ֻѡɱ
ֹ֣ҶȴǴĪͺǣûκڵģģߵȺ˵ǰ
ܼ򵥣Ⱥ˶ӡߣȻ˸֮йʮӡҲǲʵϣίʵҶȻҲҪʲô˼ɡ
˸˿ͻȻǰһǣҲǱԭأһʱ֮侹Ȼû˿ķӦ
ȻҲûϵ˼ɭ֮УȻгԼ֮˳֡
ȻʱҶѾԼϢҲǹԵСһȺȴ˿֮ġ
ôһΣķĵطûһ㱾£˭ҽοܹƽµ뵽
ȷֻĪһŮʮӡΪ֮Ϊ֮˵һͷȺ̷ɢѸٵĽҶǸΧ
Ҷ΢΢һЦŵĿ˵λúʲô˼
ʲô˼Ϊ̤֮ǰһһָҶʲôˣΪʲô
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һ˺ϴ󣬱СӷϻˣǿɲܲҪеɱˣÿԣһֱתƣﶼˣС椣ٺ١
˵֮˵¶ЦҲû뵽лģǾΪ仰ȴͬͬǶ˲·
Ҷ϶Ȼһ˿ɱ˿ɱȻð˸˴˸ӿһǿҵĲ
Ϊ֮͵һ֣˫ĵҶСӣֵܵĻûʵʵĻشҵ⣬ȻӦú
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ΨһûģΪ֮⣬иղǸڳʴʵļһ˶ѾɵˣԼͬǵʬ壬˫۷ֱ
Ҷһ׻ˣǵû˿֮УȴǶȻһݣΪȻ֣Լǰʵڲ֮⣬ƺƢҲˮǴߡ
ǰ¶Էв֮ԼҲֱܻ֣ԷУڣΪԷ֮в֮ԼȻû˿ԥĳɱǣһɱˣ
ԼɱĵһˣҲּҵ֮ʱԼĽ̬ȣٺԼȫһ
Լôˣ
Ȼ֮䣬һʼĵףӵ뷨ٴðͷ
ɽʱҶɽĹΪκо綾֮ʱҶðһ뷨
ѪԼʱԽãѪ֮صЩԣԹȵȻ᲻뵽Լ֮УӶԼһͬһ綾Ĵڣ
뷨ʱͱˣڣʶԼı仯ԼᣬԼԼ֮뷨ٴðͷ
ҶԼ̲ס˸ҡҡͷĵûб䣬һǰҶֻΪ˱Ҫ˺ұ飬ᣬҲɱǣǿ϶ͻɱңɱͱɱֻѡɱ
Ȼһ֮ζıǶˣع
̧ۿȥȻǸղǸҪɱԼļһﾹȻԼͬŵʺɡ
ҶüųļһĲԸȥɱԼȴһܴڲϵ˻ţɱɱ㣬˺ǣ㲻ɱ̫ûˣ
ɱ
϶Ȼһ⣬ҶĿзһŭһ֣һ۳һ󵶣Է壬ֱӽм俳룡
ʱ򣬲ǶԷʣµó־ĿעҶˣĪͺǶĿҶдɻ͹С
Ȼ޷⣬ΪʲôҶԼӡ߾Ȼʧ̬ڷŭ𣬺Ǹɱ֣һ㲻Ҷƽյˡ
ҶٴҡҡͷĪͺǼһ΢Цߵǰ˫Ŀ˿ĿڣǲǿԻشҵˣ
ͱɵˣǸղҶ𣬸ߵûˣҶѯʣһҲվסͨһԵڵء


414 ۼ
ȻѾ˫̱˵ϣҶȴûҪŹ˼Ӹ¿һϲ֪ͷ˳
ʱȻ֪ԼһɷǣɷǻӡߣǸ߸ϵĳ֣
ķӦȽϿģʶ֮ҧطҶǰͷ絷ĵǰǰС۲ʶ̩ɽðǰǰǰ֪ʲôСһ֪޲ԣ޲
Գ֣һλɱ˲գ۵ɷǣﻹ˿֮ģΨһϣľܹסԼһ
Ҷĵʲôˣʲô
С溣ŵˣѰһˡ
溣ţ
Ҷû˵ɣתͷĪ磬ҡҡͷȻҲ֪Ҳ˵溣űȻǲκʮڵġ
˵ӣλԹɫȻףæ͵С˵ɲλ溣ǣֻȰˣǰû˵Ҳ
ҶŵǷ˭Ҫʲôˣ
С֮С֪ӦҲ֮ܺĳɵѰһˣ˭ʲôСĲ֪ˣΪǶǷͼѰҵġ
Ҷӹ˶Էĵͼ̧һɨͷŵͼȻıԼĵͼҪϸǵͼָʾĿĵؾȻҲǳֹĵط
ŵͼҶ˳˼溣ŵѾ˽ˣǸƸһΪĳɵĴˡ
еɣȻҪȸ½һˣӵ꾡ĵͼҪҵľ˭أ
ṩֵصˣҶҲϸѯʹӣֻ֪ǾṩһЩҩĲҩˣеΪǲߣΪҺڶòһЩΣյĵطѰҸֲҩ
ҲΪѰһֲҩŻطķ˽ټӦú溣Ҫҵûʲôϵɺ϶ѡ
ҶĺȴǱﵽǸʲôĵطס־˭أ
ʼСĹ۲Ҷ仯Ҷ¶ЦݣæץסǰС֪Ѿȫ˵ˣ⣬СѾ֪طˣǰҲȤĻСԸΪǰ·
ŶԷǸϻ̳ϿֵӣҶ΢һͷðɣʹȥ
ɴڵֳҶ˼ͷվлǰܸСᣬǸطǰ档
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ȻѾͼǵù죬Ҳȷǲ֪ȷλã·û˿ԥɭ֮ƣŰʱ֮ڵִĿĵء
ǰط챾סˣҶĪ綼סˣǸǿзͺ¶ֲĸо
ǰѿήĸߴľһһҴһţŵ棬ɫǲʺһ㣬ţټ͸ɭּ϶µ⣬ȥǸطһʵɴ£ۼ
ȻЩɫʮֵȴ͸һǿҵΣϢκ˶Կ϶֮УһЩʱ̵ȴ˶ɵΣա
Ī۾ЩɫκͻȻʲôĴж
ҶȻҲİΪɭ֮ЩطҲǰЩɫǿɾС׼ˡ
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ΪʲôԽط޵Խϡ٣ѾԭȻҲΪƬһۿͷˡ
ҶĿҪǿĶ࣬Щĳ֮£Ҳֻ֮ܿڵΣһԼԼʮ
ҲһЩŵ壬ȻѾӦЩǣҿ״һͶСȻƷҲ̫͡
Ȼĵ⣬طôܻأ
ĻҶҲðһɻ󣬲ȴ뵽ɽϵţͬʱжȻһòҲĳλֵ֮ЩҲΪ֮õģ
Ҷͷת꣬һɫĽ⣬ͬʳĶһϢȴּޱĺ󱳴˹


415 
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Է˵ĻҶ΢΢һеľҲٴߣԷȻͬ
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˵ϣԼͺǵ࿹⣬Ҳ֪ǻûˣҪ̫ǿǳһصĸ֣ͲĪܹӦ˵ġ
ҶҲ̣Ѫ֮еˣȻ֮⣬˶ûʵ壬ֻҪԷ˲ôǾӦܹסĪ硣
뵽ҶĲ΢µĿҲ³£ϴˣɾûôˣ
΢΢һЦһֱ忭˼ĶҵĶͷޣ


416 
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ţЩȻһ䶯ϵںϷѣȻγһɫսףĪͷŶεİ
ȻǵӵеԵĲٿ֮ͬʱҲǺǼʹԵˣҲҪжҶĳŵĪ磡
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֪ҲôѶԸԼͲˣñ忭һǰɱҶˡ
κ˶֪ʵ֮Ҫű忭һǰһĿģڱ忭֮ɱ
ǰ忭˵ɱҶ˽Բ޵֪ܹܵģֻˡ
ΪԼȡŵġ־òӦ˷ԶҶΪ׼Լ֣޵ҵ˱忭ʵǿ󣬵ԵļһԼ
ʱҶѾһεĺͱ忭սһ𣬶忭ǳ䲻⣬ƺȫ·ĺɫûٶȣҶͷ۵˼㣬򲻵ֻܶ㣬̫ڽƹ֮һӰεĸԼ
ƶٴεʧȥãΪٶȶȲϱ忭Ȼ޷ʩչĸо
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ٶȺ͹ĳʽȴǱҶκһֶҪĶ࣡
忭ʲôΪʲôôٶȣ

һǱ忭ĳЩ
ҶȻ뵽㣬˼·̻ȻֻҪԼ취֪忭ĳʲôôҲܹҵӦĽ֮
ҪŪ忭ĳҲǼ׵£Ͼ忭ٶʵ̫죬ҶѾԹ˲Ͼﻹоȥ
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Ϊ忭ԼҲʮֵĽţ˵ûʧֹȻҲûô鷳ģôʱ䣬ȻҶı߶ţ
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ȥĻǵԼܱҶԱҪϽ취
Ҷͱ忭Ű취˭뵽취Ȼ˭ܸһʤ㡣
ܲң뵽취ı忭Ŀ⿴վһעҶĪ磡
ȻĪźΪ۳ĴսףȻ¶⣬Ȼͳ˱忭Ŀꡣ
һЦ忭ͻȻһ䣬֮һ㣬תĪ˹ȥ
һĻҶԼϵѪסˣ
Ҳǽķ˷ŭĺǰѾʩչ˻¸ߵĻᣬӿƵĺǲòˣȫûа취ȥĪ硣
忭Ľ֮죬ҶӦʮֵĳĪʮӡʵ޿ܶһ
Ҷȫ˫֮ϣȻһȻıը˿
ˮʯʯƾ죡
ҶȻ͵ѧĹķʽõ֮ϣ
Ӵֱ˫ŵĽż֮۳㣬̶˳
Ҷٶڶʱڴﵽһֲֿĵزλζ䣬ҶһҶȻվԭأˣһҶȴѾĪǰ
ٶȴﵽһּµĿ죬Ҷƶ֮䣬˲ӰӰûüʧ˾Ѿĵط
Ҷ֮о䣬ĶסѾ̹ɫĽ
Ӧٶȼ죬Ҷ޴Ӷܵıڴʱ˿̣ҶУȻ漣
ⲢǱ忭ٶȣΪҶľһ̴ﵽ˸߶ȼе״̬ʶŴ޶ȣУ忭ʵѸޱȵĽƣһ롣
ȻһٶԾǼ죬ȻҶܹ壬ôȻҲܹסˡ
ҶȻȼ֣žԼԽԽĺɫץ˹ȥ


417 ĳ
ҶðŻ֣忭ͫһҲǶȻŴˣͬʱӿһɾ޴Ŀ־壡
һΣΪԲˬȻʧЧˣ
ž
Ҷ׼ȷס˱忭ĺɫͬʱ¶ҲҶߡ
忭ɫȻҲһƷײ͵ĳ鼶Ʒǰȴ׵ۻ˿
ȵ忭ӦҪѵʱ򣬽Ѿһ̲Һ壬ӰΣֳ
鼱֮£忭ò˦ӵ˳ͬʱμٵȥһˣҶȻڱ忭ͷĿϺȻһ
ȻһţĿǰҶĿѾ״̬ĿﶸȻһ

忭ĳȻ
ֲñ忭ܹӵ˿ٶȺ͹ĳʽΪĳ
Ȼ۾ʵϹǷлǲʳĶ
ڿдı仯ײĳ֮ϣͻᷴƾַʽӶܹ׼ȷ֪λá
ķΧ
忭ķʽһ߲ϵķȻײҶ֮ӶܹﵽһԤеá
˵忭ײҶ˫ʱҶ΢΢ϥϥǵλñϥ΢һ㣬ô忭ܹԤжϳҶƶӶķҲߣҶ޷ܣ
սĹ̵У忭ʱʱ̵̿ķҶ޷ԤжϳҶ٣ԲŻҶΪĳ޴ɶĸо
ڸղţҶʯƾķ˲Խһʱٶȣʵ̫죬˱忭ٶȣ͵ñ忭ʧȥ˶ҶжԤУŻᱻҶץס
ҶȻѾ֪˱忭ĳʯ쾪İ취ƵҶȻҲ˶Ըİ취
ңҶѾ¶˾ģҲҪɱ忭Ϊ忭ҲΪĿĲֶεˡ
ߵĻպ˵ԼĪˣԼ˺ѿ¶ΪɱĿ꣡
ֹǳĸ֣Ȼûмֹܹˣ
ǣҶͼʯ쾪ķϵԼٶȣҧס忭Σ׷š
ԿƬĵطһһҶϵĳֲ֣ϵɢ߷ʱͬʱĸҶ֪ҶҪɱ忭ޱȵļ
忭ҲѾɵˣȫֻ֪֣֪ͷһζܣΪҶƶ޷κԤС
ʵԱ忭ʵҶ̫࣬ѾϰڿԼɱ˵֮ľܵ˼ĴֻʣһͷǸϽߣӵԽԶԽã
˵˴תʼǱ忭׷ҶȴҶ׷忭
Ҷͱ忭֮ľȴԽԽ̣Ϊ忭ԲҶۺ
ʼշֳһ˿עߵ£а֮޿̵ıһ忭㵹Ƿɰ
ɣ
Ҷһ㶣вǳǲеѵֻгı忭Ҳܷɣ
ôһ𣬱忭ҲѹͷҲصĳµķһлѣ
£Ϳ˫ȻſȻҸ¾Ȼٵӿֳ۳ֻɫĳ
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Ǳ忭ӵеĵڶУ
Ȼ󣬵һſ»Ӷ֮ȴضƮ˿Уɫ·ľһֻ޴ĺɫһ
ؼǣٶȱղ࣡
ôҲýܵٶҪ㡣
ΪʲôҶܹоڸ٣ȴʼշֲκټԭһչӦ忭ܹʱıܿ˵ʶ
ԭ̵ľ룬ű忭ķУٴαȻܷɵ̫ߣȴܱٶȵı忭Ҷʯ쾪ٷҲûа취׷ϱ忭ˡ
忭ڳɹİҶ׷֮ȴûߣǿһƯļת֮ٴתҶĵСӣб׷ٺ٣׷˰ɣ׷͸û׷ˣ
һٵĻӶ忭ٶٴߣҶ˹
Ȼû˳Ǳ忭ʵţǿ֣ҲǲСġ
ųԼı忭Ҷȴ¶ЦΪѾ뵽˶Ը忭ķˣңЧ


418 Ц
忭ҶľԽԽһֻ޴ĺɫԼѾѰѾõ
ĪŵѾסԼͣղű忭һȻûдУǵʱѾӿһֱ޿ɱܣɵĸоҲ΢ᵽ˺ͱ忭ôʱҶĸܡ
ˣ忭Ȼ˳򣬲ҶȫʱĵҶղŵԼһ޷㿪Ӷ⵽ش
ʱҶıȴʮֵ򶨣΢΢ǳ֮ɫĪ˵ס
ϧǣҶĲ忭ȴǸûзոճɹѵľʧٴλҼȵҶ֮ԲΪ֪㲻ϵ飬
ӦǰĿЦɣ
ҶѾܹ忭˫֮Ϊ˷ܶʱҶͻȻſͣһЦ
֮һϲ֮
ЦһεһֱӴ˱忭̵ȴǱ忭壬Ϊ
ķԼĹôӾ޴֮ʲôĺأ
Ц忭Ķ䣬ͬ׵Ϯһ㣬ݺݵ˸ţŷеֹ̬յͣ˿У
һ̣ڱ忭ϣʱƺѾֹˣ
忭ֻԼΧҶЦ޴ڣĽԼΧסˣԼȻҶЦ
ҰȫҶЦ
ЦԼȫΧ忭Ȼһϲã޿ɶƣƺԼ¼ҸˣҸ£
ϲñ忭ҶΣƮµߵصתһתģӡ
䡱һ죬Ǳ忭ⱲһԴ
žһ忭ڿе壬ص䵽˵ϣһɳһһ˿ҳûн
ȵҶ߹ȥſŵ巭ʱŷֱ忭ҸЦݣѾĳ׵ˣ
򵥵һͿֻ
忭Ҷ⵽仰ĺ塣
ȻһЦɱ˱忭ʵȺĸ֣ҶҲ֪źܴĽңҪΪ忭ĳ𣬶ӵвҼΪ
ˣǡÿĸΪǿʱʱ߽⣬ΪУͬʱҲñ忭Ĵۡ
忭µﷺһ⡣
һˣڴӦԶ֮󣬾ƶסһϸļƻԸҶ
Ҳ뵽ֿԼֽķΨû뵽ҶȻܹɱ忭һһЦģ
ʱʶڼҶѾɽ֮еǸҶˡ
̶̵ļµʱ䣬ҶʵȻ˼ߣԼҲĶˡ
ʵȷˣҶͨѨ˳أѧħ̸սٽڴͨʮѨλӵеӴ󵽾˵ȫʵԽսصĸ֣
οҶ֮⣬»ҪһͷƷޣ
ͺսڣ²ûȫǺֺγֻΪµĻúη壬ټϺҲڹעҶĪһһ޲Ǵƽ֡
µٴ¶˿ЦʶԼο͵ʴףñ忭ԼҲһĿܻ׷ȥ
ڿٵתͷ¶ҶʼҶͶһұ֤ὫҸ֪й޵飬л㸸׵飬Σ
Ͷ
Ŀǰܹ뵽õİ취ˣҲźܴİգƾԼյЩ鱨ӦܹԼƽ뿪
ȻһҪ뷨ܲʵ֣ҪҶ̸ˡ
ҶͬתͷȻûдҪ£µĻȴҲȤ
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Ϊ˱ʾ⣬Ҿȸ㣬֮һһɱ㣬Ϊġ
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𰸵ȷǳҶϣίʵûϵģܹ⣬Զ¶ʮ˵ԼɱģԼų𵤣Ϊһ֮Ҫܹǲǹ£ֻһ벻ͨ
ѵԶ֪޵𣿡
֪ҲҪĶҴЭ飬ֻҪɱ㣬Ҿܵõ
ʲô
־һ׳
־ҶüͷšΪ뵽޵ͬԼҶҺڵıȡҲһ׹ƾ


419 Ͷ
ƣ֣
׹˵ƣ֮᲻ĳϵ
ҶµΪʲô޵Ҫŵ־
ҾͲ֪ˣҵǲϧһд۵õ־Ҿͼţһ·쵽˾ʦĵλܿϧֻˣҲܵõ־
ҶЦŵǿӣ㻹Ǻϣˣ

ҡͷɱ忭֮ǰҵȷǷǳϣȴˡ
Ϊʲô
Ҷո仰ߴµĴ֮ΪҾã㣬ƺȸ޵Ҫǰ;
Ҷһ˿ȣû뵽¾ȻҪ޵ȻҲµʵ
Ѿŵ֪϶ңȷҵʵ뷨޵ȻãΪǣǿԶԶκǶ˵ٺãҲҪֻҪҸóѡ
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΢һҶڵ˵˵ɣ
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¿Ҷ۲ı仯ԼѾԼĵ߻϶˵ˣھҪҶܷˡ
ò˵ȻҶɱ£µĻҲĴ޵һУ˵ǸԣԼܹӵԵ׵ĻôԼкܴİ
֮ҶͷҿԴӦô֪᲻ߴӦҺȻص޵ֽ֮ҳˣ
гһǷԶҵİ벿־ĹҲҵҾͽ㣬⣬֮ڣһ취й㸸׵ľϸһص㣬һὫϢ㡣
ӹµҶʱµͶϣҾ͹㣬֪ƭң´ټ֮ʱˣ
ģһϧģһ˵һߵѾı忭ߵ뿪֮ǰҪȽˡ
µӿһĺһĽ忭ʬ
ĪǿҶȴʮֵ»֮£忭ʬܿͱյһɶͷûʣһ㣡
ĵٺ٣ҶˣȻҶԸˣҲһƺɣǵĿĵأӦþƬֵɣҵĻҵԸΪЧͣȥϮ
ҶҲƵƬɫֵ򣬵ȷȻԼѪ̫ЩĪͺ˶Բܽ룬ԼԼҲġ
µĻܴ֮ͬԼ˽Ļǵȷʡ˲鷳
Ҳµһƣ֮ͻȻĻǳԼĪͺǶİΧ֮С
ֻҶԼôǲµĽ飬Ҳ֤ǷͶϵһûᣬҶԲĪͺǵȴðգҡͷܾˣа취룬ҪûʲôµĻ뿪ɣˣµʱ䣡
νʼðɣλౣأȸˣ
ҲΪʹ죬˵֮תߣҶʶһֱֱʧ֮󣬲Ƿ
ҶתͷźǺĪڣҪ취ɳĵطҵ򼣬˳Ҳܷܲסĸˣ


420 Դͷ
Ƭ·𿴲ͷԼʶһ㣬֮лţ͸һصĿֲ
ЩҶ϶Ӧнеİ취ΪṩϢǸҩˣΪߣȴɽҰȻ
ֻҲ֪ǵӵȻûϸѯİ취
Ҷüͷ˼Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼߵ溣ŵӵʬǰ棬Сĵˣ
һߣʬֱ̾ض𣬳֮У˵ϡ
ʬȥĶԣȻǼ𾴣ҶҲûİ취
ʬ֮УŰ֧ʱȥ㿪ʼۿɼٶȸãܿ컯ɼ׹ǣֱȫʧӶʣ
κ͸ղµĻɱ忭ʬμȫһ
ĿһĻĶһﶼ̲ס˿Ȼ뵽϶о綾ҲûϵԾȻҵ̶ֳȡ
ңΪ˽򼣬ҶҲҪ룬׼Īͺ棬ԼȽȥԿʱЩȻʼȥ
ٶȲ첻ƽ֮ʧƬòҲ𽥵չ˳
ͻı仯ҶǸĪ˭Ҳֻ۾ĶžԼѾԽԽԶ
һӣѾ˵˽ǧ֮⣬ȻڼˣҲҶĿܿļޡ
¶ĵطȫһƬݲأָ״죬ѾľУɽΣⲢûκεΪĪ磬һԼԼ˻ĳЩ޷Ľ
ܹޣҪô¶ҪôѾӦһǲöԸġ
ҶĿ֮ѾӰˣԥһºĪͺǵҲ֪ô£ӦǸᣬȽȥңģҵٶȣٳ֣ӦҲӳġ
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ҶĪΪԼģ΢΢һЦ˵ͷӦ
һǱעǰƬδ֪
һҹʱܿȥʵ֤Īƶȷģҹʱٵߣ賿ʱֻ֣Լٶ³ƬмʱԼʱҡ
ҶҲΪʲôλҩܹȻƬֻҪʱܹ֮ƬΣտԺԲơ
ҹĻ٣Щʵƶͬǰһȥ
ߣ
ҶǣĪ֣źǣĳƬ֮С
һÿצ޴ӰǵԻεһǲһеķ۳ңֱƬȥ
ڿٵı˽ʱ֮ҶͺǼͬʱȻɲסΡ
ΪǵǰһԲ״С澲ƯһЩľһؿľ֮ϣһ˫ͷߣ
ֻĵ۾ĴתţƺѰԼʳǰһֻ軹ܣͬ׹۾
ѿֻޣΪµڱ鲼Ļ֮УǵƤⶼѾ˰ٶֵļףҲԽǻֵķΧ֮С
ڣֻޱ˴˻񣬱ȻҪһսҶͺȻηǣΪ˱鷳ǾֻϹۣȥǣ
սʼĿ죬Ҳ죬ҹ̼ѪȲȣգܿϲĶס˫ͷߣж仺֮ʣһŴ쾹ȻֱӾͽ̽˶С
һṦ֮ſͣ³˼ǺѾֽͬһһƤ
Աܣ췢һǱƬ֮С
ҶͺǲֻܾȻ֮£
Ҷɱܵ뷨ȴ뷨׵Ժ˹Ļ֮ޣԼǲҪǵĺã
Ī磬ҶͺֱԽƬ󣬼ǰɱ
һ·֮ϣ˼ͷιޣҶͺҲûȥǣֻͷ·
ܳ˽ǰʱ֮һεͣ˽Ųͬʱ¶غ;֮ɫΪֿ
ɫһˮ̶֮ϣɫ̶ˮðˮݣˮ֮󣬾ͻɢͬɫ޵
ȻԴͷ


421 
ЩԴɫˮ̶֮еĺˮ
ۼˮ̶֮ϵȻԾɫҪŨ࣬Ѿ۳˹塣
ˮϵðݣݲϵͷųζֻҪˮ̶еĺˮʧôЩԶɢ
Ȼ֪ԴҶȻ벻ΪʲôЩÿ춼ἫйɵĽˡ
Ҷ˼ʱĪȻСһ仰ҶܣǸղŴнһʱɣ
ҶȻûĪʳ˼Ȼͷһʱˡ
ĪŵãǸҩܹʱ֮ڣϵˮ̶𣿡
һ仰˵꣬ҶȻһ̶Ȼ¶˿ЦȻĪ仰˼
ԼͺһֱȫУȻмΪ˶޶йݵͣĻҲǧԶˡ
ҩ˵Ϊߣʱʱ䣬î˾Ҳܳأ
ôֵĽټĵطȻ֮ڣ˵ϵˮ̶ˣ֪ﻹһˮ̶
仰˵Լͺǹƴ·ȴѾܹͷˡ
ҶѾԼ˼ĪЦŵˮ̶̫Ź֣ڻǸϽͷѰҽֵܳĵطɣ
֮ԣϣҶȥ̽صܹͷų޾ˮ̶
ҶĺǺصģȻղŵȷΪһʱżܹͷǿˮ̶ȴҲһ֣ⷢټ뵽溣ѰҵסĸˣȻҲҪŪˮ̶ܡ
ҪľҪҵ򼣬ҾȥʱֻʱҪصķΧ֮ҵ򼣬ʱʱδعãҶҲֻܽʱ
Ҷ׼ߵʱͻȻ֮䣬֮аһɳɳƶͬʱˮ̶ˮҲʼ죬ƺʲôд˳
ոձҶѹסĺģΪٴεı˳鲻ԽĽĿͶˮ̶
ɲ֮䣬ҶĪͺǵɫһ䣬Ȼ֮ɫһ㶣ҶͺһǰһĽĪм䣬
һͷͷιŹ֣޴֮г˳׹˸Ҷǣǿζһų˹
ղŽһ·֮ϣҶҲֳŹֵޣǺǰЩޱЩ޵ĳֱ˼㣡
Щһι״гųĺɫߣֻһݣûٵ֩룬һЩҶʲô˵Ĺޣ
Щ޵ͣǴľˣ˵ֻֻݵ֩룬ſȵĻҲ׵ĳȣ
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ϲͬһĽɫƬÿһ鶼ϴСԣҫ۵Ľɫ
򼣡
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ͻȻֵĽ򼣬ȻҶıܵ뷨źǺ˽⣬ȫɱһ
Ǵһ̳֮һŶ۴ϸķ۳ɵĽ͡һֱӴ̴һͷǰ޵š
һɫѪ޵˿֮ڵϷС֮һ̡
Сĵ㣬жˣ
һĻҶæѣͬʱԼҲдͬʱӳӴڿѸ۳磬ֱϯס˼ͷޣӲĽǾ˿С
ȻҶֻýһǰȻһСԴ
ٶȾȻޱȵѸݣ˲Խеޣĳ嵽˽ǰ
鼱֮£Ҷ潣γݺһȭ˽Դ
Ϊ֪Ŀˮ֮ûУҶҲºֱɱ򼣬ûʹȫ
飡
ȭͷص˽Դ֮ϣƵʹȶۻҪֵĳһٵĻӶգ֮侹Ȼ˳ҶĹΧո£ͷ޽λãҶ˹


422 ս
Щ͹ޣڣϺ֮зǹȳ֮ζͲ㽫ҶѬȥ
ʱҶ֪Լٲ˿飬ѪȻ֣һ̳һʮ׵ĽâȺޡ
ʱһ˻ͷΪ׵壬ֱӱѪĽâնԴص䵽ϣȻûѪķâǸܵһ̺ĿֲܵɲסΡ
һ֣ҶѪ˳ȥ
ȻҶΪ˱Ī磬̫ԶǿȪһѪ֮籡ɫĽâܶķΧԸǵңټѪ쳣ȻЩ޶ƤҲмܡ
Ƭ֮䣬ͷޱѪ֮¡
Ҳ֪Ϊ֮ϱѪմѪϵʣԭͨɫѪɫøӵҫۣʺΣȥǻһ㣬ҪҶôȫűķϵĴһͷͷޡ
Ѫ֮֮ݺصĽޣͱȻһ˿ڡ
ǵ״̬ҶҪ࣬λöйƶȻվԭأֻǰʮҵĵ棬ѾƽģҳһƬ
߸ܣ׵˶󶴿ڣȫƾŶƣӲ赲סǱߵޣɱֻشʮֻռϷ硣
ȻʼʱͻȻðڶ࣬ټòֲҶͺﶼеţһӦеʵԸǱȽɵġ
ϾЩֻޣƷҲֻǾƷ൱ӵгʵҶͱƷ޺ǵĶ֣
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ȻոձҶһȭͽȴʼǻЩ޵ֻߵޣûȳȴѾſͣݺݵһҧأ
޵ʬֱУ췢һͬӤްǷŭǾ档
Щԭߵǣʱ֮ģӲͷƤҶͺǷ
ȻȻηҶͺǣǸη򼣡
Դ󷢵ʱЩҲǶ֣ο˾⣬ȫǲ鲻ԸεļȻҲûʲôµĹ򣬾ѾҶͺǸС
һֻ޵µʱԶĽһ˿⣬ȻҲǵͷתܡ
Ҷܹܵ׷˳ȥǰҲûǣԭصң
ҶзΪ˽Ѷòôһֻ͵ģҪܵǿɾͿˣ
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鼱֮£ҶȻѪűֽѪŽ˳ȥ
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ѪɹĴ˽Ӵ壬Ϊ֮ȼŵ׵տ򼸲ź۵壬ֱӶ˵£
Ҷ޼ƿʩӳѪȻΪֹ뿪ͬʱҲҪֹѪߡ
Ѫн򼣬ȴܽ£ֻϣ֮еĻҶɾ˷۱ûеõѣѪ
ˣҶڴæ֮ӳѪȴǵļΪֱ꣬ӽճһ󶴣ѪԴ͸壬档
Ѫǲܱ֮Уһƺڽɵ˺Ҳ󣬳˷ɽɫѪһʹ֮⣬ǽֻȴûͣ£Ǽٻܿ죬һ嶼û뵽֮С
Ҷһᣬ֮УȻðգȴҲܹõѵİ취ˣ
Ҷٴαһӿٶȣ׼Ȼһ춯صı͵ش֮еǸɫˮ̶洫˳
ҶԶԶ֮Уһ޴Ŀֲ޴ܳˮ̶һԾ죬Լ˹


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޵һ֮ԭ֮ܵĽǱһͣ²
ҶҲȻɲסΣ𾪵Ŀͷޣ
һХֲľ޴˲併٣ͬ޵һצ͵ץ򼣬һӾͽ嶴Ķ˵ϡ
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׵һצɱ˽֮ͷ޵Դͬ壬ڴ֮˳ҶǺĪҲӣ
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һѪеɭɫݣһֱҶһҧȥ˵ˣٴһĹޣҲҪ˺ѿ
ͷ޹Դͽӽ׵ĳˣԴ֮ϣ۴ϸͬһĳǡ
Դ֮һͬһӴ壬¶С֮⣬ҶԼӦûиĴˮ̶֮С
Ȼûпͷ޵ȫòҶĪԺ֮ȴǶȻðһڴ˵֮е֡

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Ī磬ȻͷޱȽԶ˫Ѿʧȥкǵ֧ţԵڵˡ
ǵҪ࣡
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ҶһȻΪԼﷺŹֵ뷨еЦ
ôһܳ໹ʵƳֲԼԼȻôƵͷʵе̫˼ˣ
ƽĺҶƬ֮˶ԴͻȻ̧ſڷһХ
ۼˮ̶֮ϵЩ̶ͬȻĿʼٵɢ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ԼЩǺǺĪȴ᲻£æתҪϽ뿪
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һĻҶĿɿڴЩ˵ԭԭȻֻͷ޵ĺ
޵ʵ̫޴ˣһԴ׳¶ˮ̶СǴﵽʮ׵ĳȣˮ̶֮е廹֪ж೤ԣһȻܹ˾޴һƬڵڶ֮ǿҵӿ


424 ոռ
ȻѾ˻ȥҶȴȻһ˵һʱ׼תӡ
ֱڣҶ֪޵׼ôԸԼȻԼͷûУҪԼĻԼҲԴС
ȴͻȻתȥ޴˿ӷף˲ûˮ̶֮У˾ǣû룬ȴûˮ̶˿ˮ
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Ҷվ׼뿪Ȼ۽ǵȴƳһĨһŵĹâһæȥ
һââȻڽǼѾѪģĺ֮С

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˽֮⣬޵ֻ࣬Ǹɫе졣
ҶҲûʱȥϸֻȽȫװ
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ҶȻ溣ŵӵ񣬾ҪѰһˣôͻȻˣܾܿҪѰҵˡ
ҶȻ벻ͨʲô࣬ȻܹǰֲΧĵطţ
˵Ļ־֮УܶԷʲôˣֻҪԼûйϵģô֮ϽжԶܶԶ
ϧҶĺѾٴαľͬ˵ͣȴŶԷ˵¶档
ҶͻȻٴͣסǺĪ϶¶˲֮ɫҶôˡ
ȻǸֻҶһ
ҶĪͺ˸ĵƣתˮ̶۾ʶŴ˼ޣȻ˿ܲĵط
ҶľٶûԷΪٴҶĶ𣺡ʶƬ֮вЧģ˵ҲҪңǲǸողż𣡡


425 ͬϢ
仰ҶľȣʵǱȸղ뵽ͷʥʱ򣬻Ҫĸӵͣ
ոռ棡
Դ̤Ƭ걻ǵ֮Ҷĳ޾ޣû࣡
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˵ͲٱΪޣǳΪˣ
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޽ֵһΪӴ壬֮ź֧ܶȺϸ˵еĶһ塣
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ȻǸ⣬ͷΪʲôԼϸܵͬϢأ
ԼҪܺϹϵԼǿԺȸ½ˣ


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۵ļȻĶôҶȻҲֻпЦϵķˡ
ʮ׵Ľ򼣬ڶĿиǱ˵ССĳ桭
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ڶֻĿҶ֮ͻȻ췢һ߿ĳХȻӴȻճȥ

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һǸ߸Ȼˮ̶̼߽⣬࣬뵽ˮ̶֮С
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һֽȫͬԵЦΪĹ죬ȴǾ춯أһǵĶ֮С
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һǵжǾɲЦƬ֮ͣڴţԵû뵽û뵽ǻʣȻ㣡ּˣ
仰ֻҶһĪͺǶ
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಻ܹͬѧͼͨѪȥһĳλܹЩ䣬ôͻУӶݼеһУ֮·
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˶仰֮󣬺ǵ漣ҲӿһɼϤĸо
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427 Ĳ
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΢һ֮ҶǰĻȻԸԿ
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ţҶĶоȻһ֮һ
Ҷ̲סٴε˿ѵԼȫ´ˣ֮װŵĲʲôһŵ


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429 ɫϻ
ҶûʶѾܿĽ뵽˻긫֮Уǰģһɫ磡
֮УͬĽɫÿһΣᴫһɼ֮޼᲻һ
ΣҶİʮֵϤΪ׳Ĵ󺣣صĴأȵĻ棬͸磬֮УƵľ
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Եص޼᲻ݣΪ֮У߹
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ЩϢʵǳҶ˵ǳ˿Ŀǰȸ½˵
ԥƬ֮ҶǺĪеԼߣȻȡ˻긫ķŵ˵ġ
ȻЩո֪Ϣ̫ף֪ܻ߸ĵ֪ĳЩҶ˼֮󣬾бҪúǺĪ֪
ΪǶԼ׵ˣ


430 ʥ޺ʥ
֮ԣĿǰϴڵľԺͷױټϹͺڰԼһЩԡ
Щ֪ʶǴ󲿷߶֪ȻûˣǼٵ֪ʵÿһԶӦʥ޺ʥֱϵ
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ھҶĿǰҲЩӻ긫Уͨͽϵʥް׻Ĺͨ˽⵽Ϣ
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ʹʥ޺ʥͱҪӦ֮ĿǰΪֹҸû˿Ľ֮ڶ˵ҲֻǸѡ
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˵˭ˮ̶֮У೤ʱ䣬溣ŵҵĵǲǶ
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ҪŪԼƲ⾿ǲʵܼ򵥣ֻҪԼ̤ÿһأܹ֪ˣ


431 翵Ľ
ҶĪͺǣصҶңѯһĿǰҶµĴҶƷɣ֪ڰǰֳפҶңҶԪѾΪֵĺϢҽԭϽµһеĹϽȨҶ֮⣬鷢
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λҲԷҶΪԳƷҶ


432 ڶ
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433 
Ѫ֮еһųǿʼһֱһİϧΪֹҶͷųУûһܹǵǹȥġ
Ϊ֮ϱѪĳӡӡþ޷ǵѪ֮к͹ȥ顣
Ȼλ׷ǣȻܹǵʱ䣬ƷʱȻҪҶΪͬʱҲǷǳ˷ܡ
׷ҡеȣЦĿҶʵΪʲôҲܼǵԼĹأ
ҶֵǰѪгˣǶǲԼĹ磬û뵽㾹Ȼǵãôģ
׷ͷԼʵɬȷе԰׵촽ûܷ꣬µĲأµеֻõĲ裡
˵ˣܶͨ˶һЩָãе˰ռе˰Ʒζλ׷ǣȻһλ֮ˡ
ڸǽҪȲ裬ҶżҲܲҪ󣬼æЦ߳ȥԸһҶ֮õĲ
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ҶʼһԿһ״̬ˣȴŹ̵Ĳ裬棬ʵ˾еֵֹġ
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ȻﲢĳǣҶҶңҶ֮ɽ¶ȻΪĳڶҶС
ҶϾ㵵飬׷ǲҡеȣЦеĵƷ裬Կ֪Ĳ裬ʵÿһֶǶֻڹ̶ĵطֻҪܹжϳҶ࣬Ȼ֪Ĳأݲأ˽⵽ڵλá
ԭ׷ǺȲ裬ֻƷ裬лŸ壬Ҷ̲סŰ׷˴Ĵָһϯʤʮ飬ָ߼
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438 
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ѪϿյҪŨĶ࣬ҶͬѰθڣҲ˽ʱǽڵϡ
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Ī翴ҶߵòʮˣеĴסˣҶЦЦҲûнͻѪվĪߣǣֵ㣬Ҹܼѣ
ѪĴڣĿǰ˺֮⣬Ҷûи߹κˣҲ뽫ѪĪ磬ֻһֱûкʵĻᣬĪȻҲѪеˣȴҲϻ۵ûѯʡ
ڼȻĪٴˣҶȻҲ;ᣬĪ˽һѪĴڡ
ĪҲϵ𾪣Цŵͷãи㣬ҪҪȼ


439 Ϣ

֣Ҷ΢΢һΪ⣬¶˿ЦԼĿġ
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ծ಻ʭӶ಻ȻԶѡҶΪУȻҲˡ
֮ҶֻܶĪǸĵһȼɣλ̨ƢеŹ֣ЩԺٸܡ
Ī綮µĵͷҶ֣İϧ˶ʱ⣬壬صѪ֮С
һĻȻĪٴξ㵵۾ȴȻοסԼĺģûзκѯʡ
ҶҴ֮У𵶵ԲЦһľͷһҶһԣ֮ɫ
Ҷҵĸ˶ȥˣ˭ĳ֣ҶϣҲҶҵ˺ɫ˵Цû֮һԲҶȫ͸⡣
֪˿϶Ϊǹ˼Ӱף⻹ԩˣԸʹȻ
Ҷڴ˽Ҷǿ˾һæ˹ȥˣλǰˡ
һ˵Ҷ컹һ߳Ҷգ۾ȻҶҪһ㣬ҶЦŵͷ󲮣ȥæɣкˡ
ڿҶ֮ҲһɫվҶһֵҶ֣ˣ

Ҷ׼ȸȴֱӿżɽĵҶ֣㻹ʲôδ֮£ɷԸԵȫԸ
ҶٴοЦԸżȻǺ⣬ԼҪ£һܹôװģҲԼСƾһˣҲһ첻ɡ
Ҷһ࣬ǽӦʱסҶңȵҶҪæʱ֪ͨ
ҶҲûѯ뿪ţֺĿǰʲô̬ȣΪһвҪ
ʱҶͰĵĴҶңͰĽԼҲ棬һǶ֮գһѨλĴͨ
Ҷһģ˺֮⣬ֶĪ磬ȻҶҲйѪ֪飬Ī˾֮⣬ҶˣҶԽǿԽġ
һ֮ǰȻĳŵҩ÷ҶҶҲίԯи¼еĪɽæѼƽҩĲϡ
ϢҶûи߸ͬҹͷƽҩƺ˳ˣΪʵǲλ֪Ѿһҵ˽ҩ˵һĴ
Ҷû뵽ǣϣ׼Īǰɽʱ˳ȴҵ
Ҷûм˳ڵģҶ΢΢һ
˿̵˳֮꣬ɫ֮ǰǵģֱˣҶеֵǣ˳۵ȴֽȻͬһ˷ܣһȴǱˣ
Ƴҩˣ
˵£ҰƵĳŵǰһµʱҳ˽ҩôҲǼֵ˷ܵ飬Ǵ˳˵仰ȴƽƽû˿ϲá
Ҷ۾Ķ˳ͷǺϢӦûлϢɣ
ʲôϢ˳ȻװµıܿҶĿ⣬ԽȻԽ֤ﻹ顣
֣ѵң㻹Ҫ𣿡
Ҷ֮£˳ε¶˿ЦȷиϢǸܴܴĻϢ㣬᳤ϲ˵˼ңҪˣ
ʵҶ֪Ѿ;ƿݵľ磬ԽԽ˿̴˳˵仰Ȼ̲סһѵ˵Ѿֲ˶ˣ
ʱȻִҶǼٵ磬磬˶Ϣ


440 ҩʦԭ
ҶҶҶڵĶӣеĶǱˣҶĸҶƷɣ
ҶĺҶˣҪɱԼδ֮󣬷Ͷϵ£ΪӮȡԼΣ֮ڣԼ׵
ڣȻйԼ׵䡣
Ҷ̾׵䣬ȴǿ嵽Լǰ˷֮ɫҶС֪ˣ˵һԵƬ̣һ͵
˵֮ҶĿ˳֣ȴȥ᳤ϣ
˳ҶԾĿ⿴ҶǲʶһһҶ׵ܵܣһҶĺѣȻ֪ҶǣҵľĸףȻںò˸׵䣬ȴѯҪһᡣ
ʮҶȻ벻ͨҶΪʲôķӦ˳ȴףҲвпǧ͵ǰܹҶ֮ǰˣǲѹ᳤϶ҶҲмӣϧԳֵݣҶңҶң
֮Ҷȷκ˸׷ɣ
˳ȴĵĵ᳤ϵȻܲǰԼĻ˵ٻָܼ꣬Ҳһʱҿȥ׵Ϣɣ
ҶȷΪѾˣ˳ⷬȻԶȴҡҡͷȻԼĳԵȼ᳤ϣȻȥСȥɣ
ҶӦһҴҵˣ˳Ѿ޻˵ҶƵס
ղſ˳㲵ӣѾҶΪˣȻƵ״̬ѾǾȣ𾪺͵ˡ
ɫ£̬ήңһ˫ԭӦտտ۾˿ȴʧȥе޹⣬˿ȥҶԪԵûҪࡣ
һͨˣҲܿĳѾнľʱ޶ˡ
Ҷ˳Ľ룬ƾȻû˿ĲֱҶǿͷıԼĽŲ֮ʱ̧֪ͷҶվ¶һĨϵ΢ЦϷǲʹƳ˽ҩ
Ҷæǰ˫ֲסǸɿݵķ·ʧȥˮ᳤ֵϣˣϽ£
ƿҶ󣬴ͷɥͷ̧˳΢΢һЦӳСѾҵˣСӣǿסõģһʱһˣҪ̫ˣϢһʱܻظˡ
˳ﻹ˵óͷվƬ֮󣬺ȻƺҶһȻæת뿪ˡ
ʵҶ֪˳ȻƵĵӣȴһЯģҹмӣ˵ûƣͲڵ˳ھǽƵ˸׺ʦΪغ͹ġ
չԼĸ׺ʦۿžҪˣܣѾ޷ˡ
ҶҲǿסıˣϼһЦݵ᳤ϵ׳ʲôĵġ
֮ƻͻȻ֮˲ϣΪΪƳҩǷʳ߲ݣǴ͸֧ԶԶĸɡ
˵ھٶ»ܻʮ꣬ôֻٻ꣬ٵʱ䡣
λ֮ǰ˵ôƴϧԼΪۣΪ֮ǰΪ²һܼĺ£
˴˽ľ񣬲ŻҶʱԼ׵Ϣܲ˵˼ҵ
óһֽд֣ǽҩĵȿһܸ㡣
Ϊʲô
ҶӹֽһɨѾƳĽҩԼĽҩ˼ζкõĲҩͬ⣬ļȫһ˵ֽҩӦһµġ
ƴ˿ЦЦȻоųɵİգҩӦܹ־綾ǱϾҩԸӣ΢һƫ벻ı仯ҷ½ҩȷҩЧ֮ǰҲЩж֮ðκεķգԼƳĵҩ𣬶зʳƳĵҩ˸ΪһҩʦҪֵԭ򣡡
仰ҶȻſʶ޹˼ɵ̽Ƶڣһ֮£Ȼ֣Ƶ֮УȻҲĪе־綾
ңĪȻжΪԷʱһ֮Զ࣬ΪܹƳҩڵĶ˵֮࣡
һ̣ҶֻԼı΢΢ᣬۿҲ֪ʪˡ


441 ҶƷɵ
ƺ˳ս֮ʱΪĽԸûжȻΪƳҩȻһԼж
ȫҩʵΪԷ˵Ǽҳ㷹ǲɻȱģȻλ˵Ŀǰûмٹʳ־綾ľɱΪ
ѹƵŵ֮죬ԭ͸֧;֮⣬һؼأ
һҩʦҪֵԭʲô
û˸Ҷ˵ĻǵӣҦɽ˳
˵Уҩʦ˾߸ϵĴڣȻҲûȥ˼ɹҩʦҪʲôԭ
Ȼλͬв˵ĿУҶڵһε֪ˣʵҩʦҲҪֵԭ
ԼƳĵҩ𣬶зʳƳĵҩ˸
򵥵˵ʵڼˣ
ҲԼҪֵ·
ԼľƵⷬȴŸ룬ҲΪ壡
ҶվĶһ񣬸лΪԼһÿΣԼࡣ
ƺЦҶһҩЧĻôҲֻʣһԸˣԸҲȴĻҾ޺ˣ
ϣʲôԸ
Ҷ֪¾˳֣Ҳ޷ƻøԪԼģǾܵλ˵Ը
ЦеĿҶԸֻʵ֣ϣܹ֮ǰΪȺڵȺڷʰյĻԻͣ
ʵҶҲµԸԸŵȻʱĻԸƵѾĹͷ಻ᳬʱ䣬ô̵ʱڣԼ˳ĳΪȺڵһȺڷ󣬸ǲܵ£
Ҳ֪㣬ЦŽŵԸˣʱ䲻˰Ҽţ϶ģʱȵȺԻ֮ʱ˵ҵķǰ˵һҺЦȪ
ҶƵ۾صĵ˵ͷһ
ǵһΣҶûκųĳԼȺݣͬҲǵһ¶ģϧһд۵ôȺ»ָȥĻԻͣ
Ƶ¶˷ĵ׵ЦݣҶҲʵ޷һҪúϢ֮һ뿪˷䡣
ʼվ˳ʱҲ۾ģҶ˳Сĵ֣ûзܹԪģκηУ
˳Цҡҡͷǲ֪ʲô׼̳Ĳȥ
Ⱥȸ½ҩʦľۼ֮ˣռЩҽҩؼӴκ޷֮ģȺڶҲ취ĻǾûκεİ취ˡ
ãץʱȥһˣֻҪҵ취κδۣҲҪ϶꣡
˳ֱ֮Ҷʰһ飬˴֮УѾۼҶҳҶҶԪ֮ˣǵĿȫһλòƽ˵ϡ
˵ϴһ㲻֮ɫΪȻһͨˣû˿Ϊô߻ĶţҲܿɹˡ
ҶĽ룬Ҷ˶վҶǽĵ磬˵ֻܽϢ㡣
Ҷ˵ͷ̽Ŀת˵ϵҾҶǲģ
ãȻĵҲ֪Ǹ˭Ҳǲʲôӣֻ˵ֻҪҽϢ߸ҶǮá
Ϊ˱ⱻͨ޵֪Ȼһж¹Ϊ֮ҶҲûκԥĵ˵һǮ
һһ
Ҹһǧھ͸ң
˵жʱų뿪˵ǿΧҶˣȴµĵ˵ֻһ
ҶѾ˲뿪ˣһץס˵ĸ첲Ѿ뿪˴Ժ֮һƧĽ˵ˣ
Ȼܵ˾ţ˰֮˵һ仰ҶƷѳɰ֮ˣתֵ֮УֻҪȪ·ӣ߹κţ̨ҵתֵ
˵ֶ֮ĴӻͳһƤֽͨȪ·ĵͼ
Ҷһѽӹ򿪣ȴֹССֵܣ˵ҶƷɣ䰡ңȰ㻹ǲҪȥˣ


442 ʮ
ԴѣҶЦˡ
ȷ޵ȫǽȸ½֮Ϲഫ֮˵˵ˣͻȥһ磬ţڻ䣬ͱΪ䡣
֮󣬻ţͷߺڰ޳ǰ꣬߹һȪ·ӣ߹κţ̨һԼ䡣
ȻŸָͳߣȻҲ⣬˵ʮޣֱִ䣬˾ְ
в޵Ǹղ˿˵תֵʮķ֮ڡ
Ҷһμ޵ˣҲǷϵҶǸˣǰ޳ٶҲҶҪȻҶƷɣô͵Ȫ·ڲ֮ǰ޼ȸ½һ֮󣬲μ޵е޴ĵص㣬ҲǻȪ·ϡ
֮޵ǳ׵ĴţֻǴڴ˵еĵȫհᣬӶӵһϵȻҲ͹ǵغڲͬ
Ѿۼʶ˲ѾʵĴ˵֮УҶĴ˵ʵȣһŷ񶨡
ãκδ˵ܹ񣬱ȻһݣҲ˵ʵ飬ֻΪʱ̫ԶѾʷڸǣԲŻʵݱɴ˵
ȻҶҷĴڣȴԿ϶޵˾ԶǻĴŵģ
ֻתµǷȴҶﲻһʶһ⡣
ݴ˵޵תֵʮѵ˵ʵҲֻĳ֧ѣ
޵ӵеǿʵѾ㹻˸еԾˣֻ֧Ļָ֮Ӵʲôز
˭ôôأ
᲻ͬڴ˵еľ˸Ĺ
ʱǸ˿Ҷ˵ΪҲŵˣСһ䣬ǾҲزˣСֵܣҿһ˲ţǧ𷸺Ϳ
ҶˣЦЦǲʮ˲
ǰǰͷ
㣬ǵ֮ʮأ
˶ʱסˣŵʮ޲ʮ˲𣿡
ҶЦɾʹˣʮޣѪ֮ҲҪ׳Ƴ
ȻûҶ˵ѪǵΪѾҶһͷβķӣڸеϧ
ôһµˣȻǸӣ
ȻҲԸȥˣСĵǸҵͽ𡭡
ˣȥͽ𣡡
˹˴֮Ҷ̯еƤͼȻһ֮£üͷȴǽΪ֣⸱ϸĵͼĵԴ䴫˵Щ֮⣬ȻһĿԼӡе֡
Ͽǣ
ҶүүֿʱһҪҵҩȻүүҶܹҵһַκϢԵȥҳʾľͿˡ
ַǷϿã
ҶûѾ˳ˣĿǰүүѾ˱֣֮Ҫȥһˡ
ڣȻ⸱ʾͨȪ·ĵͼϣϿǾλãҲܹо綾ĽҩҶȥһ˷Ͽǣ
ΪǰϿǣΪ˾ȳԼĸףܿҪ޵תֵ˷潻棬ΪԷһ˺֮⣬Ҷ׼ٴκˡ
Լͺǣ㵽ʱתֵ˵Ķ֣Ҫ߻ʲô¡
ڶ֮ǰҶҲƳҩһԼʲôĻ˽ҩĪҲͲˡ
ҶҶס죬ڵȫû˼ͷˣԼ׵Ϣò˶ӦþܼܹɴᣬָָԼͽɣ˳ȴĪɽƽҩҩġ
ò˵һţͻƵӡµʱ䣬ڵȻ൱ɹ۵ҶĹƣа꣬ɾӦͻƵʮӡ
ʮ꣬ʮӡ
ٶȣҶԼҲǸʰ·磡
ҶҲܺɾģѯĹϸϸоһ֮󣬷ֹΪͨûκر֮
ֻܹɵ츳Ǻĸߣ
ȥĪɽҩͬʱȺڵҲռ˲ϣ͸˳
ȻҶепƾݣԼ¥ıռЩҩ㻨һµʱ䣬ȺܹŻʱ䣬ͳҲѿȺڵ֮󣬵ȷǲС


443 ˫
Ϊ˱ⱻƺ˳֪Լռҩĵ£ҶȻҪǷֿƽҩ
ȴҪҶĦһ˳ҩȻҲһ⣬ҶֻȽԼĽҩƸתȥ˳ҩ
һҶǿ۽磬ͬʱ˳˼֡
һѹܹΪȺھŴ֮һɲӴҲһλƷҩʦͬʱӵеĳȻҲǺĴĵؼ桪Ԫ֮𣬾˵鼶ֻһ֮ǵؼ֮еĶ棡
ǣԪ֮ʵؼΨһڵ˫棬Ҳ˵ʵӦֻ棬ͬ棬ԵĿɲǵػˣһΪ֮
Ԫ˫棡
ֻӵһֻ棬ôڸֻƷߵͬʱܿԶܻһֹ棡
ԪԪ
˳ܹõԪӵ˫𣬶һƷҲԶΪ켶
ҲΪʲôƻӹ˳ԭ֮һ򵥵˵˳Ǳޣ
صΪԼĵԪ֮˴ĵԪҩԼĳȵĿػ֮ҩĹ̿ȻĿĸо
ɹ¯żȽҩ
ҶȻƳκεҩǼȣǿѪ֮ѪİȻ˳ȴʵʵƾԼʵҩƳ˼ȵĵҩһ㣬Ҷеˡ
⵹Ҷ֪ˣʵҩ֮ҪѧϰĶʵ̫ˣҪΪһҩʦɲǼ򵥵ĹܹƷӲҩģ
Žҩ˳һŸƣƺԥȥҶ˳Ŀ⣬Ȼȫϡ
ϢƵ״̬˸ƣȻֲѾŵԪ˼
ҶҲԼʶƵ帲ǣεĹעڵα仯
Űʱ֮³һ̲ȳζĺɫճҺ壬۾Ҷ˳Цеĵ˵ͷ
ȻҩȫЧ
ҶڷȻ޵ѾʧȥǶԸһ̣ôǿҲܹһƴ֮ˣ
ϣ֣ȻҩЧҾͽ͸ɣǸϽռҩģʼƽҩɣ
Ƶ˵ͷȻ˳ȴҡҡͷܹ
Ϊʲô
˳ԼеǿŽҩҲ˵޵óľװԵףǱ֮Уж¼ǣʵ̫࣬Ļܻܿй¶ȥ޵֪ôʱ޵¾ͻİ취Ըǡ
Ҷͷ˳˵ķǳ֣˵Ӧô죿
ҩǿ˽ƳҪʱȵ޴ʱҩϣΪж֮ڶ࣬ԽҩˮУҪĽҩҲ࣬Ļ޵ռʵȴǣȿԴ޵һֲͬʱҲӮӵ
ò˵˳һʯ֮ƣȷҶ뷨Ҫ࣬ϸһЩϸ֮˳һŽҩݸҶŽҩȸĪ°ɣ
ãҶҲֽӹȻԼҲĽҩϾѾ֤ҩЧԻĪȽס
֣ܲٶƼţڻҪţ
ʣµҩ㹻Ƴţ˳ͷû⣡
˳ûѯҶҪŽҩ˭ʵҶ֮ҪȫδѣΪԼĸףүү׼ģ
ŽҩҶ֮˳Ҷʹ˸ɫҶҲƵȻ߳ӡ
һֱߵƾԲĵط֮˳Сĵ׼شȺڵ̳ˣˣ֪ʲô㣿
˳¶ҪҶģƵȻһжҪҪֻʱȷˡ
Ҷ룬Ҳû׼ȥ˷Ͽǣ
Ͽǣ˳ȻסˣҪȥϿʲô
֪Ͽǣȥе˽£ҶԼ˵Ҫȥȸף˳˵ʲôҲҪˡ
˳üͷŲ֪ϿǺǴȺڵĹϵɣϿǣǵһڵĳаҲǴȺԭȵ̳λã
ֵҶסˣϿǼȻôҪΪʲô޵ˣ˵תֵˣѡԼĸײأ


444 ȸ
Դһҳ֮󣬱ڼλϾ飬Ϊ˱֤ȺڵİȫԽ̳Ǩһ۵СС
˵˳ٴɻĿҶúõôҪȥϿǣòʲôҪɣ
ûʲô£ǺһԼˣڷϿǼ棬ֻû뵽ȻôɣˣϽˣʲô취ֻҪ᳤ܹӳҶ᲻ϧһд۵ģ
˳ԶˣҶæ˻⣬ᵽƵ飬˳ȻҲɹıתע±ͷƭ᳤˵ǸȥˣȻ֪Ļ϶ҪˣҾȶˣҲСĵ㣡
û£ˣϿǾĸλã
ϿеԶȸ½ȻмشǵλñȽϿеӽ֮أȻı֮أҲʮ
ϿǵλãҶһȻͱ֮رȽϽӽԼβһǰܹ˳ȳԼĸףÿ˳ȥ֮أĵܸܵκã
ҶǷͷһ˳£˷Ͽ֮УԲ̫˳һĻʱ·
˳ֿ֮ҶûȥĪ磬ǻصԼӣĪɽҩģṩĵƳʮŽҩ
ʮһŽҩҶҵĪ磬ĪǺӦһѾȺţҿ飬֪ҶҪ뿪ԼԶˡ
ǰطҶ϶ĪģεĶĪ޵תֵҶȻĪԼһðա
ĪޥģҪҶȥʲôɣȫĬĬ֧Ҷÿһ
Ī½ҩҿҩЧ׷ӣĪ֮֮ҶҲȴһ׮¡
ҶӻͳװʮŽҩƿӣݵĪе㣬Ҫ뿪һʱ䣬ҲҪʮŽҩûȥײη䣬ϻðͽܵ飬йѾƳҩϢһй¶κˣ
Īӹƿӣصĵͷ֪϶ҲԼķִģ
Ȼײ֪ô⣬㣬鷳תһ޴ٿ֮ǰûгֵĻǾ͵ɵˣǰȪ·μ޴ᣬʱһаŵģ
ھ޴һֻʣ£ΪϿǵľңԶҶ㣬һ˳ĻعҲҪĸ֮ãȪ·ϿǵǲԶʵڲУԼͲرѡڻȪ·ս˵Ĵˡ
ãͻȥߵ
żһ˻ȥҲģȥ
Ҷ֣ܿǻĪתɽ
ڷֿ֮ǰҶҲûĪ罫üʦ͵ıЯ֮ӰʼҶͷ޷
Ī֮ҶҵҶ죬ݽҩĵҸɿˣڣֽӣ⻹һţдҶǰõһЩƻֻҪͳɡ
ҶӹţĿҶ󲮺ҶҵˣƷƽ
󲮣һҵģ
Ҷ֮Ҷźǣ뿪Ҷҡ
Ҷû뵽ǣǰŸո߳ҶʶѾоһɰ׷
ĲǱˣҶǰҪ룬ַ
Ȼ϶ڰжԼԼ뿪ҲȻˣһ·׷˹
ҶͺǣɫʮֵƽҶ֣Ҫȥģ
Ͽǣ
֣һϲɫҶ֣ϿҷǳϤҾ뱱֮Ҳ̫ԶˣҶֲĻԸΪҶ򵼣
Ҷ룬㶼Ѿ׷ˣҪ˵ĻܸҶ֣
ȻڣȷһսҶƬ̣ǾԼηϿ֮еĿģΣʵ档
ʼվţֱҶ˵֮󣬼ΪɴĵͷҶ֣ھͶɣϾϿǾɲҹ̣ҲҪһµʱܵ
£ѾԾҶͺվԭ
ȻȫûнҶľȥֻŰҶȳףȻҶæĵܵܣ
һһεҡҡͷֻܼӿŷϿǵķ򼲱ȥ


445 ڴͷ
ڣսӹĪʮŽҩ϶ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ˵ʵû뵽ҶȻܹҵҩ
ֵͶϲ£ŲĿսֵܣ֪ϸǻ˰ɣ㣬ҶСӴˣ
Ժĵ٩սֻܸЦ˭Ҷأ
Ҷ˵˽ҩɲֻܹ֮ҪǶʼձ޵ռݵȨһϢȥĻġ
սȻҲϴðԼӵ£ҶתĻΪȻ˼ֻ֮ǽҩԼӣжӺͺʣˣһҸ©Ϣ
Ī翴սԸ޵а취𣿡
սҡҡͷŰǰ޵ͨȪ·ĵͼҾ֪ϵŷźħŵʮڶյͬĵͼڷϿǣѾֱǰȴ̽Ȼһ磬СӼҾͲòˣ޵֮ǰҲҪȥԹԴɽϣ
ĪԥһµҶȻû˵ȥģǾ֪뿪֮ǰҶһˣǸй׵䣬Ȼ˵޴ܻϲҲӦҲиȪ·ˣʹ˺ǣһȥ̫Σˡ
ȻҶȷʲôûиĪ˵ĪѾҶҵҶҵϱҶҶЩӣǶƴӣ͵͵ĴǵĿдһЩϢ֮ûҪҶȥΪ˻սȱġ
ҶսҲ֪ԼǷʵ̫ˣϴԼ֮ʱûҶڻ治ڶ˵ҶĪ˽ҩԺŵ˵Ҷڵľˡ
ˣŮ޴ӾֻܾǣΪȴԼѴֻĿ˺
˸ϸ첲ȣ̫ʱˣٲĻƶҪˣҶһҲǵģִܵĺôҲңԼȥ˵ˣҶĸףδ׼ҹٺ٣ۿɲӲֵܣ͵þʹɽȥͷ󣡡
սεЦ˵Ķԣϸ磬ֻ鷳һˣģ͵
ҵĺϢɣ
վ˻˻֣ת̤뿪ˡ
źԶȥıӰĪᵣĵĵսϸһȥеΣհϾ޵жɮħĸ֡
սͷ֪Ҳϸһյģҽڵ鴦֮󣬵ʱһϣԸȥӦġ
ĪȻսһ۵ҪǸһڣϴͻɽˣ
ǣǵʱ˵

ں뿪ɽǰϿǵʱڵҲյҶ͹ĵš
ȻõӸеϲǵҶԪ֮ȴ˴˵üͷšһ
ҶԪĵĵʦɽϾƷҵĶӣҲöһȥ
ҡҡͷԪʦС㣬˵ˣҺҶ˱ʵʮǧԶǲ˭ȥǵﲻæΪ׸Ը޵ҲֻܵСˣսҪʦǣţȥʾʦ
ʵҲѾԴӱչص״̬֮гˣΪͬյ޵ĵͼ
Դӵ˵֮Ϸ֮ûзϣҴ̷ϢǲμĻûμģڲ֮յ޵룬Ҳסˡ
굤ӵ֮λ˱˴˶һۺս˵һڵʦ֣ԸǰϿǣ֧ԮҶˡ
ȻȴҡҡͷĿͶˣ΢΢һЦҺҶ˹ϵȥȽϺʰɣ
˵ͷɣսһˣһȥɣҺƽһ£ʱϹȥӦǡ
սʵǿԸ嶯çײ㹻ǣ˴˲ܷġ
ȵս뿪֮˶ŵӵӣͰҶ˵ķԸҩƳ֮£ƴҲǰټҲӲǵħڴͷȻҲ֪֮˵ĶԣѾܶеˣЩϼһҲʱ¶¶ˣ


446 
ƲӽƳĽҩ͵˴֮󣬳üʦҲ뿪ǰϿǡ
ˣħʮ֮Ѿһڣɳ֣ǰϿǽӦҶʣµĵǽӵ޵ɣȻ϶ڱֹ̬ȣʵҲڰе֣׼ʱμ޴ᡣ
ʱ޴ٿʱҲֻвˡ

Ҷͺǣһµĳ;棬ڸϵ˷Ͽǡ
ԭҶΪӰ쵽ԼͺǵٶȣȻû뵽ٶȻǱȲԼҲȻʼܹϡ
Ļ˵СʱΪ˶޵׷ԵҪһϼµʱ䣬ֻҪܵ΢һͻ޵ʳԾö֮ͳٶȡ
ڷϿǣȷǼΪϤΪǾ뱱֮һУֻбƿȴǴȺڣһֱǣҶе㲻⡣
ȺڵȻϿѡΪ̳ڵλãΪʲôȻ˳ռݵԼϽأ
Ҷ˳Ŀв֪ȺھͬŵһϽ¸ûһС
ԭ
ΪȺڸҪռκεκγУ
ռһĵΪľΪԼıչҪƿص֮ڵľϾ֮ҪӴ޷ĽǮΪġ
ȺڼȻҩʦɵģҩʦһǧѵȱǮ
õҶĺ˵ڴȺֻһͨĵӣҲͳԣȺڸҪͨռݵ̵ķʽΪԼıȡ档
ȻϿǲڴȺڵϽ£ҶȻҲȥռݵΪܿѾ޵ͳΡ
Ͽں֣˴ҲȽ࣬Ϊ֮صԵʣҲвߣôǱȽûʲô֮
Ĵ·֮£Ҷ׵ľҵãһҩ꣬󣬶ҴſȸӦҲôڵеǸᳬʮСƣſϴ˯ûзҶ˵Ľ롣
Ҷʶ˲串̣һ֮£üͷ΢壬Ϊҩʵ̫ͨˣǵϻǵ£ҶûУȻﻹһĴ˼ңӦþĵǲˣСƣֻͨˣ
һС̣ľүү˵Ǹã
ҶصĿһںеСƣ̧ʵ˫ۣ΢΢һ֮˼æӺҵĨ˼£Ȼͳ嵽ҶǰЦӣʲôҩ
Ǽҵĵ
СһȻĵԵȣȥȥ
˵֮Сһȥһߴţƹģ㣡
һλϡߣһȣΡΡĴ˳һ߿һ߿ڵСӣղҺ˲ɣ裬˭ң
СƴӦһæݡ
ߵӣҶԿ϶ԼʶûκεĲ˵ȷǸͨˣҲǷвӦû˶ˡ
Ҷӭȥϡ
߶Ҷ´˰죬ҡҡͷλýС϶ûм֪ʲô£
Ҷͷүӣûмûϵ֪ûм
Ҷɫͳľ֮ϣ͵ߵǰ
߿ľһɲǣжȻðһ˵ĹâҶһ
һͨͨ˼ңһ˫ǵĶ쿴嶫ۣôܻᷢĹâ
ѵ˵Լʶˣ˼Ҹͨˣһλز¶Լʶܱĸ֣
ô˵ǵâҶ΢ԼӦûҴط
ȻٴҶеȴеľʧ֮ҡҡͷӣˡС϶׾ûмӦҴطˣȥʿɣ
˵֮߾ȻתȥŹȣΡΡݣҶ
ҶסˣԼղſеľûд˵϶ʶľôȴװŲʶأ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ߸òҲ޵ðİɣϾȪ·ɲԶˣ
ðĻõĵѾˡ
ʱﴫߵĺȳСӣֱŵģ裬㻹ҵĲҶŪˣ֪ҾͲô̤Ϫ㶳̤Ϫ
ȻҶСĵҶ֣߰ɣ϶ʱȥ̤Ϫ


447 ֮صĽ
һֱԶԶ뿪֮Ҷ̲סѯʵ֣ô֪λ˼ҽҹʱ̤Ϫ
΢΢һЦҶִŲ֪Ǳ֮ˣΪ̫䣬ʵڲԸţԾͷһͨͨķʽľǹĵ㣬Դһ¼򵥵ıʱ䣬صϢղǸ϶뿪ʱȵûʵǽַʽᵽʱڵص㣬ǸƵʱᵽ̤Ϫܵóˡ
ҶĵȻϢķʽҿһǰȻĻҹƾ͵ðһˡ
ҡҡͷǸͷǿҲڱ֮صˣ֪ҿ϶ַʽԲŻˣûҵĻȻỻһҶܹ׵ķʽʾġ
Ҷٴζúôһ˵ʵǿǴĵжϳڱ֮صˡ
ЩϸҲȥٸʵˣȻ֪߱飬ڵ֮Ȼǰ̤Ϫˡ
ͼڣȻҲҪҶȥѯʣᳵ·ĴҶ뿪˷Ͽǣųⱼȥ
̤ϪԶڳһСɽ羰һЩ̤֮ء
ȻƬ̹ҶѾ̤ϪȻѾº䣬羰ȷȻŲٵˡ
ҶȻҲֻװˣĴתƣͷ羰ʵȴڸԲ鿴ûʲôصˡ
εķʽϢϿãǷϿǣӦöѾĳЩ˰жϣЩˣܾܿ޵ˣҶòǰ÷
һȦѲûзκβ֮һ˸Ƨĵطĵȴʱĵ
һҶﲻԲʵΣ˸֣ܸܲҽ֮ؾʲô
ĬƬ̺Żڣһļѩǣ¶ȺܵͣΣգʱһ޼ʵİɫ˵һ־ĸо
ȻǳֱӼ򵥣ȴǸֱ۵˽⵽ӵı֮ء
Ҷ֣ɫѩ𣿡
ɫѩ
ҶɻҡҡͷȻСĵطҶļҲѩûмɫѩѩǰɫ𣿡
ϺȻֳһ˿־壺ǵģѩǰɫģڱ֮أһѩǰɫǺɫԭһ޼ʵİɫǷǳ񣬵ǵҿǵصĺɫѩʱҲʶɫѩǶôĿɰ

ҶеĲ׽֣Ѿȥ˵Ľˣ֮Уһֲǿߣһ뷨ǻ᲻ڱΪĵطʵ϶һλĳǿأ
ˣĿ˵ڱ֮ҲһźɫѩĽʱҶٴεĶˡ
ǵģǸطǳΪԭǴ˵бסĵط¶ȵ͵ˣԲܽ룬ҲУῴָıЩԭ޺࣡
ҰӡʱΪ˲ɱһͷ˵ޣҾȻһ˱ԭΧͷ˵̤ԭɲǣͱ˱񡣡
ĽҶ̲ס˸ƺҲܵ䵽µĺ⣬ܹ˲䶳ɱĺ⣬ǸǶôǿ
ѵûи֣˵ĸǰһ̽𣿡
У֮ҲкܶСвĸ֣ȻҪȥҲ˱ڱԭϣ
Ҷٴδ˸ĸ֣Ȼͬ޷ԭϵĺ˱
ȻҶע⵽˵֮ҲкܶС°Ǹع棬һɣǻ᲻ڱ֮أ
֣û˵ɣ
ҵ֪иţƫһС֪ǲ˵ı
ҶȻͨһ¡
ȸ½֮ϣħɴĳĳڻĳĳţĳĳġ
ҶΪֹѾԵ޵תֵ
޵תֵһģѾǺʣȻȥ߲ûʲôϵֻҪ뵽ʵ֮Ĺϵͬ
ϵĶĪеĶȫһ޵°Ǳˡ
Ҷ˳ķܿҲͬɱŵ֮һ
ᵽƫһıžǱô͵޵һСȻͻȻ֮ͱǿ
ģһҶԺ֮гˣ


448 
ʮǰ޵ȸ˶˶Ȼж֮ʣ޵תֵҲˣ͵Ϯңɱţ֮ǰһѻ
ҿүүʱϻأȳ֮вҽӹһٵϧǣҲо綾Ϊ˾Ůүүֻܴ뿪ѾΪҽҡ
үүʧ٣Ȼǵע⣬Ǳ㿪ʼ׷ˣһ֮ǰҶ򸽽ɭУڱĺع淢ү䣬ҳ°ƵүүòһǰҪȳ
ҶԺ֮һ鷢չߣ
ȻߺʵҲе룬ҲһЩȽϹؼ⣬˵Ϊʲô޵Ҫʹɱ֣ٺʵӦҲԶˡ
һȻҲҶԿ϶޵תֵһģǶĳӴķ֧
ֻǲ֪Ǳ޵׳֮󣬼ڼ֮𽥵׳
ЩⶼҪˣΪҶʶԼҪԵĸӴǵ޵߱
ҶΪĳЩ˳˼ҲɴıͣǰʵϪˮͬ˶µĻ֮С
ʱܿȥˣʱˣ
źһ͵͵ĺУҶͬʱѹʶɫѾȫ͸Χû˵ټ
Զ֮һɫӰͬȰվһ
Ҷѣһ۾ͿӰӲǱˣõǸСƣ
ȻԼΪ˼˾裬ǶԷȻܹ֪ԼôĵطűǸ֣ʵҲǲСˣ
ȻҶʶһεɨСڵʱüͷ̲סšһСǸͨ˰
СƿҶ¶˺ͰʱһģһĿЦݵλӣõ˰ɣƹǡ
Ҷһ֮ͬʱ˵ͷ˵жǳɻǵĶԷܻǸ壬Ҳֻˡ
һǸСƵ뿪̤ϪǰСǲԾĿΣҶʵƵ˼㡣
Էʩչ£Ȼ˿
ĲٿҪ󼫸ߣʩչͨȫʱ򣬾Բһ˿һ˷ѣ
Ҷ޷ʱ㣬ĿҲǴﵽ۷֮
СѾһ֮ãȻû˿ɾ̫ˣ
ڣǰһɽʱСͣɽ֮Уõƹһʯͷ֮ϣȻԾǸ̬ӵģԶһ˿
λӣطˣ
Скһ֮󣬾Цߵߵվ
СǽһЦݣҶȻоһ˿Ծ
˵ıϸ٣˶϶ᷢͬı仯Բһ飬ҶǾ˵Ŀ͸оȴСƵЦݺ͸ղţͰ֮ʱȻһģһû˿ı仯
񣬾⸱ЦǿСƵһ
ʱ߳Ҷ˼λôһȦӣλܣǾʲôˣ
ߵ棬ͰʱҪˡ
ҶǰԾڿԿ϶˾ԲͨˣȻܹαװԼʶ˿Ķߣͳ񵶵ĻüҲй֮޲
Ҷλҵ֪үγƺʲôϵ
ԷҪҶҶȻҲҪʶԷ
߶ĶҶƬ̺ŵϷڣ̰׵ܵܡ
̰үүı
ҶȻסˣ£үү֮⣬ȫôֶһڣһүү׵ܵܣǼȻ׵ܵܣںүүȴһ㶼أ
Ȼˣ֮ʱΪʲôӹһ٣
Ų˹ֵϺȻ¶ŨŨıˣΪҳ𣬸׾ͽ͵˶ʦ£ֱʮǰһ죬ȻҵңǸʱҲ֪ұŵϢӶ뿪ʦţϿдãȴŴϢ֮£֪˵ģҵʦ⣬ֻм̰ˣ
Ҷˣүүĸף֮ҲΪԷҳκ⣬պиĺˣݣ͵˵¡
һ㣬ڵϾܿڼڣ񲻾Ǽ̳дڵ˼


449 ǧˣ
һ˵ô࣬ƺʶԼ˵ĺеˣ̧ͷ¶˽䱸֮ɫעҶϸ˵˵ôõǿƵģ
ڶԷݣҶѾȷɣΪֱ˵鲢Ǽ򵥵ľͿαװģȻ಻ͬ˫᳤̥һ㲻񣬸˵ֵˡ
⣬ڵʵǳֵͬ顣
ǼԺ֮ˣΪ壬ȴòͼ廮еĹϵ˶֪Ĵڣһ൱
Ҷﻹһɻ󣬾ںСƣȻߣұʵӦҲͣôΪʲôԼʶȴǸоֻǸͨأ
Ȼ˵ԼȫϢԼɹαװͨˣֻʵԶԶԼߵģʵԼǿˣǿ׵Ŀαװġ
˵ǣαװһֻСڹʱ򣬴󲿷˶ǿںʵԶĳֵУȴǸûá
ҶʶѾǿǺҪǰװͨˣҲױ
Ȳ˵ҲʵԶԶҶҶʶ޷СƾʵҲԶҶκαװһҪʩչʱ򣬾Ͷ¶ڡ
ҶСʩչʱȻоԷֻǸͨˣ
ҶԼΪѪǿڻܹеߡ
ɻҶȻֱʳֻȷŵһߣʼԼүүʶĹ̡
عץߵʱ¶ŭ⣬˵ҶѾҵ˽ҩ֮ʱȴ¶ο֮ɫ
Ҷ˵Լľ֮ҾպүүԼǰϿãҪܷõйϢ
ڱ۾ĬƬ̲ſڵԭˣҺʹԼÿͻϢȻԴȥյһϢ֮⣬ҲûͻعκϢӣӦǰˣһ꣬ϿǱǰ࣬İ׾֣ܼųڼÿһطڣ
ҶȻѹڰõʱϳľȴװʶرķʽԼ棬ȻΪ˶Щǡ
ڣԿ϶ϿѾ޵ˡ
˶٣ڽŵСӣΪһ˸Ҵǵ䣬ˣһų𵤣͸㵱Ѱɣ⣬ľҲ鷳͵Ⱥȥɣ
ȻҶ⣬ͳһСƿӣݸҶ
Ҷûнƿӣ˻ȥ΢΢һЦʵǰ׼ô죿
ȻҸϣܹ̳ҵڽӴѣﻹܵʲô¶ûзһӲдĻȥȻ׼ȥһ˱֮Ҳûҵŷ硣
ںȻҡҡͷҸ˵ЩʲôСӣѾûˣϽų뿪ɣҪ
Ҷһ̯ҵǺ뿪ϧڻѾյˣҸ벻ˡ
ڻȻ̧ͷٴα˰֮ʱǵ˵ĹâĶҶʲô˼
Ҷ˿ĵǰ԰꣬ҸղŵĻû˵꣡
ҶҲԼױ޵°ߣԼԼǰߣĶ˵˳
ǰҿ޵ԼתֵһģԣŹͬĵˣүүо֮ΣգҲܾǲܣ
ҶʼռϣԼǰع°ߵǸ棬г˸֮⣬һʼսⲻĽᡣ
ûڣҪϧһд취ȳүү
ٴζҶͺ´һ֮󣬺ȻһЦȲ˵ҴȻ㸸׵ģѵΪƾˣͷޣͿԶԸ˵Ǹ޵תֵˣ
ڵ͸һҶȴ˿գ΢΢һЦȻǶԸˣֹǰô룬еǵˣ޵תֵڣ϶ô룬ǲŲ뵽ҽƾ˺һͷޣ͸ǵĵ̣Ȼҵĸף
֪أ
ҶȻϵЦݣĿڵǰһ仰㲻֪û
ʲô
ǧˣӣ
߸֣
ȻҶ֮ͻȻһһǧӣȻûп㣡ֻϧı


450 
ҹɫ֮УһߴǵߵҶǰߵòԸүү߰˷ֵơ
ͻȻֵߣҶͺǶʱ裬æתͷٿǰڣȻȻ֣ʱڵȻ˿Цվȴһ
ȻڵϴЦݣǴ˿Ҷȴĸоĵ֮ѾʧȥеǣͻȻһһ඼Ѿֹͣ
ҶоԼѾʪģ˹ûмҲǸ޴ģ⵽ô£
ڷĴ˺ֵߺ֮¶˼֮ɫ
˭
źֵߣҶʡ
ͣҶ΢΢һЦ˼Сֵܣ㿪˸Цû취ƣʵ޷κˡʽһ£ҲڣҲүү׵ܵܣ
ڣǣ
ҶָָǸȻһ˿ЦȴԾɱ־ֹ״̬ڵ
ȻѾһȴͻȻҶգգ۾Ҳڰ
ҶԼԴѾ޷ǰֹζҪըʱͻȻڵܣǿڵˣ
ҶȻתĿȻѾ֪ĳЩԼ֪顣
ֵڹЦҾǿڣ
õڿ϶Ļش֮Ҷ͵Ҷ֣ڿ֮أһɣڣǵóżֳƿܣȻеķʽݿܣԿڵֱΪʦ
ĿʦݵĿܣȫ죬ܹĳȻСƣеһڣֻǿܶѣˣӦڣ
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Ҷһθܵ仰˼
żܣ
ҶȻ֪ʲôֻҲ벻ϾȻ˿ԲݿܣðˣﵽԼĵز
ԼڼˣǲǺСƣǺͼڣüμվȴȻΪǵˣģҲʵ̫ˡ
ڣҶǰеһЩɻҲڵõ˽
ѹּںСƣԼĸоֻͨˣСʩչ֮ʱҲͬˡ
ѹǸСƺͼڵЦݶǿϣ˿κα仯
ԭܼ򵥣ΪǸˣǿܡ
ֻҶȻ벻ܹͨĺ˼ֱһģһк˵
οǵģ
ٺõĿܣҲҪпʦȥٿأôֵܳĵطʦȻҲøڸ̫Զ
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ֶҪͬʱʮ˿ƵķȻǼ򵥵ģҶʵ޷ӵĶʲôķˡ
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452 Ҳ
Ҷͬʱ˫˫Լղĵ档
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ҶԥһʵǰѵЩ궼ûҷ˿˿𣿡
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453 Ƶķ
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ҶǸпӣܾҲǣܾҲǣȴһһһҶɲҪСƿݱڼأλʦүǧ֮Զͬʱʮ߿ܣÿ߿ܼӵкʵ൱ڻʮˣ뿴¼仹˭Ƕ֡
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ڵòڲϵı仯ţҲʱøߴʱýСʱ׳˶ʱҶͺۻң̾ѡ

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Ȼ˵򵥣ȴ죡
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Ҫһգۣ˵΢Цߣ˶֣ҪˮһΪӴ֡
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454 ֮ˮ
ٴηѯʣҶ΢һǰҵȷǺԸѧΪһЩ˵ԭҲܰΪʦȻҲܳΪڵǣһΪһλʵĴˣ֮Ϳڷ󣡡
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ʱһԵȻҶɻҶ֣㲻ǻԻԳ𣿡
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ҶʼԼеĸйۣȥϸĸ֪Լеˮ
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ҶۿԿٶȣϵţģյ˫İȥһֱߵ촽ɱеԵգʧȥ˹󡭡
ֱһһ㱡Ƥͷ


455 ˮ״̬
Ҷڵӿֻáֲݣȫ֮϶һֻаƴСԴ
ⲻֻǿʼҲͬۿɼٶȣǵʻһĿήСֱ·ÿ󣬶¶·֮һ˫ͬɿݵ֦һϸֳ
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ȻûмʶҶʵҲû˵ĴǳڶԼΣͬݼڵʮֿҶ
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Ҷգգټ۾ϸɱļƴһ΢Цţеˮ־ȻҲȥԭ鶯˫۶ʱתٶȶŻ˲٣ȥһ֮ˡ
ڼֱе㼵ˣ۾֮еˮȥģ뵱Ϊȥеˮ֣㻨˰ʱ䣬ȻҶգ˼۾Ȼˡ
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ҶȥĿԼ壬ȷûĸλûлָ֮󣬲ųĳ˿ǰȻ档
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ڿЦıͣĵһµֵܲ򵥰
˿Ҷһָӵ飬ĵҵֵܣǷͽܵһ

ڶʱٴƿԣʵڸ㲻Ҷ֮䵽ʲôϵҶȸôΣյ飬Ըȥô˵ҶǷͽܵһ
ѵ˵ǵзѣǣԸΪԷĵ
̾˿ҡҡͷҵǴˣ磬ԽԽˣ
˵ʵִֵԸ˵׼˵Ͳı䣬ȻҶɱ࣬ôΪʦһҪΪԼͽܱ𣬿ҪҶԼĵܵܣŻ᲻ϧðΣҶȸס
ҪҪԹ׼
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ҶѾȫκԭģڲòٴη˸п˱ˣˣ
һϵʱѧĶȻֵʮʱ䡣
ʱ䲻ʵҶһĳһȥ֪Ϳ֮ˮԣܷͳֱӽ֮
վҶڵǰ鷳ǸջģҾ׼ȥ


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׼һȥ
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ҶͷӦûϵóԼȥ̽һ£Ȫ·ܷҵзֵĻҾ֪ͨǡ
ҡҡͷɣջܲһ治ͣתưɣҿɣҰѽòıһ£ȻȥȵϣٴҵĿҲסȥ
ҶܾѾͷӦҶ죬ҲûᷴΪ֪Ҳûá
ΪıòʱҶ˺ǵ֣ǰɣǰҲû취ıòһȥ϶ͻᱻϳġ
վҶ¶һŪЦݣ̧ԼССǰצֶҶ˻֮צӶȻأʱৡһ촫ѿһӡ
ţĿɿڴע֮£ʩʩȻ˵Ŀ֮УԶϡ
Ŀ࣬ΪǸ֪ǾȻôԵĿѾﵽ¯ĵز
ҶԾԭںǵĴԼû뵽İ취ȴ뵽ˣ
ҪѰһڵµĵص㣬ôõİ취Ȼ굽ȥˣͿԳɹʵĿġ
Ҫװô鷳Ҹطʩչ£ȻſջڵĵطĻȪ·ڵµĻôȻͿҵˡ
еʱʵķܼ򵥣ǺܶȴƫƫҪӵķȥ룬ԽԽӣԽҲԽѡ
ǵ뷨ʮֱӼ򵥣ҵµһ·Ǿõˣ
ҶĸӣҲѧ֮ˮĹеñʧ
ЦҡҡͷҶڵλǵļƻҪˣҺͺдӵѰһȪ·ڣλ͵ȵ֮סջʱһڿջ֮кǻϡ
գգ۾ͺһҲ
ѧ
֮Ҷڻ죬ȴѾʧˡ
ǰջķģ
Ȼе޷ҶˮԵĳȴʩչԵĵʵҶһ֮ŽͰ͵ĵߣϿǵջ
һ΢֮ڻָƽҲǻع̧ͷʼղʹΪʲôĳԻǻԣȻѧϰˮԵĹûлشңҲ֪
գգ۾㣬˼лԵĳ
Ҳ֪ĳʲôԣֻ֪ܹͷԵս⣬ͷų鼶棬𡣡
ںȻһٴСֵܣϻ磬Ҳûʲô£мƿѩһߺȣһ߸ҽйҶ£κ¶Уòã
ѩ𣿡
۾ڱ֮صˣв֪ѩģ
ƿ᲻úȵģһһƿ
ãҶ˽Ҳֻ࣬Ǻһܡ
УͽǴܵ£

ڵºͺǳŷϿǵĶеҶͻȻ̲ס磬ֵе㷢ȵĶĵôо˵أ
ǱĵĿһۣͷǰ
ҶˣǵٶȲ½ҪԼ죬ڵ£Լ׷ϣȻܹ֮ĺôˡ
Ҷһʩչһʶ鿴ŵϵΡ
Ϊڵ£ܵԵӰ죬Ҷʶܲ鿴ľҲͬˣǱ̫ֻܱžԼԶλá
Űʱ֮Ҷǿˡջĸơ
ջ̨޵˿İ
ջҶ﷢һЦ
ջĵ£ҶûϿʼѰӦͬڵµĻȪ·΢һ룬ŵųʶȿջ֮ڵΡ
ջܹ㣬һ¥ǳԷĵطƽң滹иԺӣͣƥ
¥¥ס֮أͨġ֡֡ĻַΪּ͵ּ䡣
ΪϿѾסò͵Ŀ˲ֻ࣬ʮˡ
ϸһȦջٴӱϿ˵ͨͨû˿ر֮
Ȫ·ľڿջ·ôڿ϶һ¥ƽҸɴͽƽȫһ飬Ӧþҵˡ
֮ҶͽԼʶʼڵƽҵķΧ֮пʼѰһȪ·ڡ
Ȼȥ飬ѰҵķΧһǧƽ֮ҶȴȻûܹҵȪ·ڡ
ѵ˵Ȫ·ʵϸڵҵĵ£


457 Ȫ֮
Ҷĵͼȶŵ֮ϵĽϸĿһ֮ҲȷȪ·ڵңҲڵջ档
ΪʲôҲأ
Ҷһֱڵĵĵȵϣֱһϵķ޴ǵĶӣס˿ջ֮С
Ҷòڵ˼ȻαװŮԣĶӣðһڡ
ֵһᣬֱջ֮еĴ󲿷˶磬ȷջҲûκμӵ֮ҶŴźǴӿջһ˳ܵǾסķ䡣
ô
Ҷͺǳ֣ںæǰѯʡ
Ҷҡҡͷ·Բǧ֮ҶҹˣûʲôȪ·ͼҲԱȹˣӦþ档
ʵҶûҵȪ·ڲ⣬ΪȪ·ôҵĻȺڵĵʱ򣬿϶ᷢһЩ˿
żȪ·Ӧþ棬ֻǲصĿܱȽ
ĻҲ϶ڵ棬ڵмģֻҪڵ棬ǱȻͻͨӣǣʲôû֡
Ҷ˵ʱ򣬺Ҳһ߲סĵͷҲûٻѰң֮ĿƣҶѰҵĸϸϸ¡
ǲȥһ¥ĵҿ
ܿͱҶڷˣȻջȥһжʮͨбȻһЩΪ֪ܺͷĴʩıɹȻĻһ¥Ѱң϶ᱻ˷֡
һʱ֮䣬һǶ˳˼УȻҶǰһ󷨣
ͬʱ̧ͷһ֮ͷҶ˼
пܣȻȪ·ôΣôΧһ󷨵Ļȷܹ𵽺ܺõķЧҲȻ֮Уֻǣǣ˭𣿡
ڿҶҡͷҶȴ΢΢üȻҲ󷨣ǵƾ贿ֻǸ󷨱Ƚϼ򵥣󷨵ĻҪǱȽϸĻ֪ܲٿĳ
ҶǺȻ뵽һˣѪڶ׷ǣȶҲܹƾգӶӡ֮ϵӡλ÷ƫ֮ϵȻ͡
ǵһ£ȥȥ
ѪĴڣҶȻں֪Ǹĳ˵˵ͷ򿪴һ̵˳ȥ
ںҲ֪Ҷʲôȥˡ
Ҷٴʩչ˵£ûżٻ׷ǣԼʶϸֽԲǧƽһ顣
һҲ󷨵ľ֮оһĿռ䣬ܹ赲ʵʶĽ룬Կܷҵ󷨵λá
һȦʶȫǳͨ裬ûܵκ赲ֻܽ׷Ǹٻ˳
׷ǿΧһƬͬʱܵԼҶ֮£̾ԼλãҡеЦЦڵ£
׷ǸҶĸое˳ʮֵǣԶҶҲ࿴˵ͷǵģڵ£֣鷳һ¡
Ѫ֮¾ɷԸ£˿
Ӧþͨ󷨰ɣ
֪һ
׷ǫĵͷҶҲֱ˵ԼĿģҪһλڵµĵطȴҲҲ²⣬ͨµںӵͨӦǱ󷨸赲סˣ鷳ҿǲĳ󷨡
׷һҡȣһתͷܵĴתתΡ
ҶԼŰ׷ǣڵתһȦ
ת֮󣬰׷ҡҡͷ¹۲죬󷨣ʵûֵܻܹطġ
׷ǵĻҶüͷٴȻû󷨣ǻȪ·ھģ
Ҷӣ׷ǽʵ㾿Ҫʲôطôڵأ
Ȫ·Ҷڴ
Ȫ·׷ҡͷԵĿʼ߶ȪֳƾȪ˵ھŸȪ֮£ڡ
׷ǵĻ𽥵ҶȤ˵ʲô
Ŷ˵ҵĹйػȪĴ˵ȪֳƾȪ߾Ȫ֮£˼ǻȪλھŸȪ֮¡ףȥİ
׷ǻû˵꣬ԸоҶͷųԼʼɿŵ¸ȥæͣĸҶߣҪ֪ص꣬Ҳܼɷ飬ɲ
ҶһǱȥǱľԽܴ֮дѹҲԽڵӴˣֻܽ׷ǸͻѪſʣĵ£ѾҪľ
ʼԾ˵ܼ˹ƺ뽫࣬صһ֡
Ҷǰޱߵĺڰ֮УȻһȺɫţ


458 ֲĴ֮
ջ¥ڣѾסˣͬȹϵһͣȥ
ô׸ʲôȥˣòѾҵȪ·ڣԼȥ˰ɣ
ͺȻһһſûжҲ¶˽֮ɫ
Ҷ뿪ѾһʱˣȻһһϢûУǶʼż
ǵǵҶڳʲô⣬ǵҶҵ˻Ȫ·ȴûл֪ͨǣȥˣ
Ȼ˵һǰҶĿĶһ֮£ҲȷʵһϵˣȻġ
ںҲվԾϴ̨׼ȥѰҶʱԭɫ۾ͻȻѪһƬȻСڹǽıһţë
Ҷˣ
ֻҶ״̬ʵǱ˼㣬·ϣԴϣͷվӲݲ˵ɫǰ׵ͬһŰֽһû˿Ѫɫ
Ҷǵײײĳ˷䣬֮󣬸˵ʱ䶼ûУϥ£뵽˴״̬
ҶͻȻ˲״һǺǣΪ˽Ҷʵġ
˵ҶǱģʱΪʲôǿĶ֣̾Ͱڳս״̬ͻˡ
ںķӦҲǼ죬ҶڵصͬʱѾֱ嵽˴֮ǰԾ˳ȥӯýһϢûзһ죬һأû׷Ҷ
ںǣȻվҶԱߣΪ
Ƭ֮һͷˮ»ص˷䣬ΪǸûзκεĵˣӰûҶô£
ҶʵܽƵǱصˣĲ࣡
ȻҶѾƽŬϢȻҲܿѯʣֻһĵĵȴš
ʵҶûˣڵĵطȺɫʱڵѾ;ƿݵĵز
ǰֻ·һƿ߽ȥһ̻ͷ
ȻʱļҪƿȿͨԼ֮صĺɫĴţѡ˻ͷ
Ϊʱĺľ߱κεսźŵ˵Ļ̫ǳľͿ׵ʰֻܻͷ
ǱµʱѾˣҪٻѶȻҲСҶѪ£Ҳڵ³ˡ
һҪľʱԾ˵棬ǿŻص˷䣬˵κλͿʼϢ
һΣļʶ֮
ǺصĴ֮ʵǿֲܹ֮Ľ˸ķ顣
ȻҶҲ̵˽⵽˵᳤ϸ˵Ļڻ긫иܵĶ
ܺԣֻҪܹ侫裬ôԵǿǻء
ֻӵһԵʥ޺ʥҲΪһ
Ȼɥڴ֮УΪʶĿֲҶӿܹӵǿ
һֱɫ֮Ҷų³һһ۾ǰƵ׼еĿ
׷ʲôˣ
ҶǸĳЦЦҵȪ·ˡ
Ҷ㽫ڵȺɫĴ˵˳ҵˣܹʩչ£µĴ֮ҲѾܹˣܾе㲻ԡ
ҶǿʵȴŵʱŵûˣôЩתֵ޵ˣڻȪ·͵أ
ܲ˵Щ˵ʵҶҪǿö࣬ҸԵĳɣ
Ҳ˵ȻȴӦþͨȪ·ڣǿ϶Ľ뷽
ڳκ󣬿Ҷô뵽Ȫ·ǲڵôλõģ
ҶȻܽ׷ǵ˵ֻЦŵȻ޵¶Ĵ˵ãҾˣȪֳƾȪȪ֮£ȪָľǾŸȪǻ᲻Ȫ·ĲھŸȪ棬Ҿԣû뵽ɶˡ
ȻҶе㲻ףʵҲˡ
üͷĴ˵ǻ᲻Ȫ·Ҳڴ˵֮أǶĴ˵
ʼǱֻ֮ŷҲ֪ʲôйĴ˵
ڸĻһŲһ߿ʼдʣȪ·Ȫ·ͨĽ֮·ΪȪ֮·ϳԩĹ»ҰԱҪ·˵Ľ̤ϻȪ֮·
Ȫ·ˣ


459 
Ȫ·ˣ
Ҷڼͬʱ뵽֣
˵֮УȪ·ϻ·˵ģֻ·˵Ĵ£̤ϻȪ·
Ȼ֪𰸾ǷȷĿǰ뵽Ψһһ𰸡
ǣлȪ·˵ĴڣҲֻߣôܹ򿪻Ȫ·Ĵأ
ʣڵǸ˿϶Ļش𣺡Ȫ·һλӵԳĳֵĻôӦþֱӽ׾ڵſӶ˳ͨ
ּȻֱܹӽ֮ôһܹ֮ˣȷܹ㡣
Ĵ𰸲ĿǰҶҪǵģΪĿҪڲ޵˵£ǱȪ·ȳԼĸס
ԣûлȪ·˻ĽȪ·ķֻѡӲڵ°ȺɫĴ֮н롣
Ȫ·ӦǴڵģȻ޵Ҳȸ½ĸμ޴ᣬҲȺɫŵĺ棬סŻȪ·ˣҶЦŵ
һλֳ䵱·ˣĻҶҲûܹ˳ǱȪ·
ڵȲźʲôǵĵ֮Ҫ취ô˳ĵִţ
Ǹͷ۵⣬ҶԼǱôѾҪˣȻٴںˣΨһָܹľǺˡ
˵Ŀ⣬˼һ̧֮צָָҶҶҲ˼ܹٿ֮ĺǣ޶Ҳֻܹһ뵽֮¡
ҶֵȻˣǾͻǰҵ뷨Һͺȥɣǰ֣ڵ֮ϵǵĺϢ
У̫Σˣ
ڶȻ㶼˵ˣһźǻȪ·ˣ֣ܹƷǺ·أѵΪ޵תֵˣڵ¾ֻһˣ
ʵҶֻкǣѪֻ̣ҪܹȪ·ܹǺҦɽλѾӵĳֽг
ֲ˵
Ҷ׼ܾںĺ⣬źǱµʱںȻߵڣץһѣһźɫֱӷɵС
Ϊ峿¶Ľ£ԵýΪʪ󣬶һʪڵһ󣬶ʱһŷɻң˿С
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ڵ¶һЦݣҶ̣Ҳڵ뷨Ȼе㲻ĵĵǰſڵ°װ
ϵЦ˲仯˲Ҷһ۵ѵΪһǸȪ·𣿡
˵Ȼǵ°ף̺ˮֲֻ࣬Ҫͺܹ֤ҽеˮȫܹ֮뵽°ף
뵽İ취ǽеˮָȫճһʧȥˮֵͬڸղŷɻһӦľͻɥʧٵѹ
ĻҲҶͺǾܹһһģں°
Ҷûһڿ϶Ҫԡ
ߣ
һֱԾ䣬һ·ɱ˷Ͽ⣬ҶѡһʺͿջ·ʲĵط
ڵȴȥ
ҶסڣʩչǱ˵£ҲʾĴ
£ҲϻӿֱѾҶĸǣֱӲ֮С
ʱΧͿٵĸɿҶҲ漴оеѹԼ˲١
ҶּǱ룬ھͱŰֱֻҶ֮⣬ϵеˮ֡
һֱǱ˰֮£ʱȻΧѹȻ޴󣬲ǰҶܵĿҪСҲֻһ롣
Ȼһ֮ڵѾȫ˸ֵ˲ѹ
ȻУ
׼õ״̬ȥţҶھֱӴӵ°׳嵽ȺɫĴ֮
һ´ӵ˳ص˿ջķ֮У賿ˮʱٴǱ¡
죬Ϊ˲޵˵ĻɣȻ߿ܴ򿪵⡣
ϣڶһ˻ص˷䣬ûп߿ܣȻҶҲûѯʣһǷֱʼϢԼ״̬
ڣʱ䵽ʱһվҶĴ£뿪˷䣬˳ҶǱĵطٴ˵£һ·£ͨĵ˰ֱȺɫĴţ


460 
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ͨĴλڵʱ򣬷ǵֹͨɭĸо
ȴţ˱˴˶һ֮ͳŵҩֱݸҶͺǵȲһɣ
ڰæյһ·֮еˮ֣ҶΪ˽Լָ˱òͺĵʮ־˵ģϾҪȴţźҲ֪᲻ʲôΣգԱҪǵָѵ״̬Ӧκοֵܳ⡣
ҶͺҲûӹҩ¡
ȻڲҩʦΪδȺ׵ܵܣϵĵҩȻǷƷ
ŵҩҺֱСӴ˲ͳҶͺǵڡ
æҩЧʱںҲûţֱԼʶźܷ̽ʲô֡
ܿϧ˵ʶǿڽӴŵʱ̾ͻᱻһǿŵΧһһ
ҡҡͷϱ¹ƣǵʶ޷͸
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
Ƭ֮Ҷͺָ̻ٴοһ֮Ҷַŵ˴֮ϣһ΢΢űƿ
źûʲôȪ·ˣֻһͨԼףֻ˲ͨϲ죬ǽÿһξ͹һ۴Сҹ飬ͷųĹâͨյһƬ
ͨбģҪƾ۾ܿͨͨη
ڿЩǽϵҹ飬ĺһǺôֱʰȻҹ鵱á
ȷЩҹ飬κһóȥǼ۸񲻷ƣȻȴС֮ͨڣ䵱
ҶעȴҹϣæԼʶҪ˳ͨ뿴ܷʲô
ȻʶûбʲôʶֻܹͷŵԶĵطһ룬ʶͻԶɢ
ȻֻǸͨȻֽţֹʶĿ̽
ȻʶûЧҶҲ͸ɴ̽Ѱ˶ʲôµģһڣվ֮ͨϡ
ڡͺȻҲǽ
ҶͷͺѺ󡣡
ڵĻû飬Ƿֳոǰ߳ԶȺɫźȻأһȻһƺڰвһ
תͷߵԣ˼º򲻿
Ǽǰ
ҶȴŵĹϣţһôͿ϶뿪İ취
һ˼ǰߣߵղľͷȻͨ죬Ȼһۿͷ
˳ͨһֱ˽һ֮󣬳Ȼǿͷͨǽϵҹ⣬ûٷκε쳣ƺ·ֹһ㣬ûһͷ
̲סСĵǴѾ뵽˵װɣ˵ײصĶô޽ͨġ
һ׵λÿʼ£޽һһ׵ͨɲһܹġ
һӵʱȥҶȻһǰӦþ͵ͷˣ
Ȼǰףͨƿʼ仺ղһֱ£ƽ·ˣתһ֮ڿ˶ڡ
˼ӿŲ˶ڣȻվڶڵ˲䣬һǲסˡ
ǰһĹ㳡мһߴҵľ޴ʯдѪĴ֡磡
㳡Կһƽ̹Ĵ·޾Զ·߾ȻһֻɫʻʢȴһëȻĹ֮С
ղ׵ͨѾҶ˸еˣǰ׳۵Σֱͨƨ㲻ˡ
Ŵ̲ͣסһ໰ģң䰡
Ҫĵ£˹ģأ
ǰ׳۵ľڵĻҶȴûɵ쵤ϵĵѨ
ʱҲͬڶѨĺΰΪڵǰǿģǺŵ֪ѨȻ֮ǰʹˣҾݷѨӦĳλǿ֮ɵġ
ôǰΰĵ磬ǲҲпܳĳλǿ֮أ
Ҳ뷨ȷ˸е˼飬ȴҲǲܣԼܹ뵽°ףͨҲͬʱǲ˼
ʵĲ࣬Ȼ۽뷨ܵޣ
ȴ̽ЩʱҶߵǿʯ֮£̧ͷš硱֣һЦʯǷζ̤һ磿


461 ȪȮ
磬Ȼʯľ硣
ҲҶ˵Ǹ޳Լ˵Ļ޵Ȼ޷ˡ
죬ԼҪ̤֮Լܷٴλ
ٴЦһҶһʯ
ͻȻһ¡֮ӵصͬʱҲʼҵĻζҶòסԼ塣
ͻı仯ڵҲæ嵽Ҷߣ˭Ҳ뽫ĿͶ𶯵ԽԽҵĵ档
˵ĸоǵص֮ƺʲôҪһ
Ҷһ֪Լеˣ籮ʯĸ϶ʲôأֻҪδͬͻᴥأӶ
𶯳Ƭ֮󣬰һĺ֮һɫӰͻȻӵֱ˳ڿУû˿ɵҶȥ
һɫĴ󹷣ڲͬȴ˶Դһ塣
Ųѵ֮Уһſͬذװ֮ϣ˸ű˵ĺ⡣
ͷȪȮ
һںֻ޵֣ûҶ֣һԵĺѾ಻סķһǺٿȻԾӭ˹ͷȪȮ
ڿУǵ֮ϱһɫĹâСڹ̼仯˱࣬һͷݵĺëǡ
𣡡
һһȮڿкݺݵײһֿź󷽷ŷ˳ȥȻͬʱ˫˫˵ϣ˴˵жĹâݺݵĵŶԷ
ʵǺͷȪȮȻ£ҴӻȪȮԾ״̬ӦҲܹԵޣͺƾС
Ҷɫһ䣬潣ȻһŻ棬ŻȪȮȥ
սپ
ҪƾԼʵͷȪȮһģҶ仰ȴֻʱѹסĵĿҲ֪ʱ͵ص㣬ܹһս
ںҲǲٿ˽̶ԻȪȮ˹
Ҷ̤ƶ潣ȵĸ£˲Ϣ֮Ѿ˻ȪȮߣݺһ˻ȪȮ塣
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462 ˰
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ʱҶѾٹ˼Ѫˣɲͣǻ֮䣬ȴѾࡣ
ȥǣزκʧҲҪţ
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ȻҲȥںڵĸܣҡҡͷУûиõİ취ӵʣҲа취


463 Ѫɫ
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ҶѩսԻΪڻӦñȽоǼæֽѩٻ˳
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465 
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ҲǼʶ°Ҷ׵ĵһ۵Ĵ򣬾Ȼӵǿʵ֮еˣʵ֮ߣֱˣҶҪȳĸף찡
Ҳû֪֪Ϊʲôһﵱһ򣿡
ΪһֳӣֳȻûжʵĵͼޣǵൽ޷׵Ľκζɵֻηһߣ
ڴϣЩǾͻ˳Сèһ߲ڴϣǾͻ͵ϻ
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ƺ֪еɻ󣬴Цŵ֣ߣä޶Ļ棬ֻŵһ˿ζͻжˣٺ٣϶ûɣɲޣ
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ˣָȥĵܵܣֻźĸ㣬㣬ѣǶǵʬΪЩǵʳԶӵףĵܵܣͻ۰Ͱ͵ĵȴȥ
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֮зһɾ޴һ̲ɫĺˮ׵֮С
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ɫĻ𣬺ɫıȫͬԣֽȻ෴ɫУںһ
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468 溣
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ҶķӦ죬̾ͬ˱ӿһ㣬Ѹӿ˫ŵӿȪѨУ籡ͬһ㣬εĶ˴֮УӲסΡ
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ҶæҲѭȥֻ֮ԭƽʵˮȻѾɫˮݴˮӿȴͬʱһɼȳ֮Ҳˮݵķӿɢ˳
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˵ãӦһӵĳӣҲֻǱˮнֻʮֻֻǧֻ㣡
ҶӵӴ㹻֧һӵеĳӵ
ҶڣλֵԼٶȱЩţγɵıҲԽԽС벻õİ취Ļȵȫľ֮ǾͻΪЩӵʳڳ渹֮С
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470 
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ҶǰͼѾȥûͼѹЩҲٴλָ˱ԣֻƺʮηأӿϴأֻܾۼڰߣӿš
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ȻҶڵľ徳磬ӦñƻҪ߳һ
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Ҷڵٴ¶˿ЦЦԼĴ⣬ղӱߵʱѾйһڶûзֲʯĴ
ڣ̨֮Ȼû뵽ȥƹ̨ȥûвʲô
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471 
һСݣһССԺ䣬Ժ֮оȻһ
Сݵͷ֮ϣһңдšׯ
ݶ̴֮У˿̾Ȼðẉ̂ͬũСԺһһŵĸо
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472 ʵĿ
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Ƭ̣ҶŲ˳ţĳǣ


473 ĳ
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˵һ룬׷ǵȻֹոջϲϣѾһֻ֮̿ɫ档


474 ͬĸо
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476 󷨺Ϳռ
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ҶԥˣΪе㲻õϢ


477 Ҷʶ
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Ҷˣٻ˵ΪѪ˵ԼʩչЧ϶ҪİϧĺãΪԼ޷ʹѪһİϧҪ뵽ԼʶʶðԼʶӶѪٴηǿٻ
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ӣ˪Ѫ֮ݣٻǻعѪ


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һΣҶѪĴڸе񣬽˹Ѫ֮Ѿ㹻ˣΪʲôҪ̵ָܵĥ
ǣԼΪѪˣȴ޷ֹĥֻûУֻƾԼѪ֮ʹ࣬ȴȫΪ
Ȼ֪ӷͻѪĺʲôǳ֮⣬ҶҲûκεİ취ǡ
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İϧһ˿жԼҲҪע㣬ΪղҽʶٻʶӦöܵ˺
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ΪǺڵڶ֪
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ΪǣŹ֮ϾȻɢһֺĹϵȴ̺ǿϢ
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ֵȴ˰ʱȻûļ֮󣬰ٵȴǰǳ֮пܷҵҶ
󷨣ͬһϲͨԵҶһóȻĳ֮֮̾УйľƵıҲ޷ҵڡ
ǣһĳǣӲסѪ֮ҶʥӰλһеĶ֣
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ڰĳе֮˹ȻȻûȬǳڶҶĵģҲȻĳǡ
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գҲĳǣ֮ܵ󷨵ӰԶɢ˿ãȻû˿ͷڣҶͺڵλȴƶĶࡣ
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类еҶ֪ôѾĳѰԼȻŬţٻ׷ǳ
ΪҶԸо׷Ƕƽ󷨣ƺľίߣҲ֪Ǹ޷ƽ⣬ֲ˼˵ԭ
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485 Ѫ
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һ̣ҶܵѪӰı֮ٴͬˮһӿĳ˳

ҾʧȥѪ
ͷ֮Ȼڲϱ̬ĳȻǿҵĹâͬһС͵ɫ̫һ㣬ٿȻͿӲĽѪ
İǡжʹʯѪ֮ɫѪȻԸܵκεʼ
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486 ں
ҶѾĸеͷ֮ϴҵ𵴣ʾѪܻһߣľǼƴԼĳ֮
ͬҶҲѾ˷״̬֮С
ʼղϵڱԼ̬ѾӵезлҶķ񣬳ƺܵҶеĽõٶȶȻ֮ӿ졣
ʼʱ򣬻ܿõḶ́ٶȵļӿ죬ѾȫϳõٶȣֻܿһɫĹâ񷭹š
ȻŴɫĹâ֮Уɫɫͺɫ
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ʱɫ֮оȻֳһ˿ɫǰĺɫһЩ³ֵĺɫޣеۡ
ҶʼչעԼı仯ǰֵĺɫԾΪ֪ɫˮɫɫŻɫɫŴغͺڰɫһַ͸ɫġ
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Ҷ˵ǸҲ˲ϿͻȻֵʺɫԺη̿ʼٴδ߶ҪѪµıƻڡ
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ѪȻԼĵ֮У
ԭȵѪǲҶҶǿʶҲ޷ڷѪĴڣȻѪȻ˵֮С
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Щ˶ǿߣȻ֪ôõĴ󼴽ڸе𺳵ͬʱÿҲѾȫ׼ӭӿֵܳκ
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ΧǵһƬķ棬˶һͷˮԼĺս˼̿ʼ񱼣ܳ
һȦ꣬εķ֣ԼȻصԭأҲ˵󷨲û߽⣬Ȼڡ
˵гһӲӵ̣⣬ӵ˿УתٶԽԽ졣
תֻʣһ̣˵üͷšһĵ֣ղ󷨱֮ףô󷨾Ȼȹѵ˵ڰп󷨣
ΨһľǰڵĿռ֮Уݵķ֮󣬿УºȻҲðʮֻޣȺҵĹ
ôõŭʥӰ˽ħĽգľƻ֮£ͬԥĳȺ֮С
Ҷ֮ϲ֪ʱѾһɫΪһ˫ɫսһ㣬ݡ
˫ȭɽʯ˫޼᲻ݣ
֧ʱȥʮֻ޾Ѿ˹룬޿ҶҲ¶η塣
ȻǷǳǰʵ̫ǿԼԶǶ֣Ҳ⡣
ͻȻһΪͻҵ޺֮ӵ´Щ޵¶˾⣬ҲȥںҶɱЩޣҲǴͷһ㣬Ҷתӣ
Ҷûȥ׷Щߵޣ˫ĿĶŵһ׵ѷ죬Ѫɫ˶ĴӺڰ֮и˳
ͬʱҶԺ֮оȻҲһͬըװ࣬ȾҾҵΣ


488 Ⱥ۾ۼ
Ͽǵջ֮УѾۼǧȸ½֮ϸɵǣȻǽӵ޵ɣ죬޴ٿ֮ա
ЩУеμսģҲûвμսģһ⣬ڵɻң޵¶ķʽΪҪЮòǰμ޴ᡣ
ǧУΪ͵ҲӡʮأΪߵģǳĸ֣ΪӦĪ޵еɶɳеľÿ˵϶ǵͬ𣬿ƺ׼޵սһƴơ
ս˵ɨ֮жʮЩʵ󲿷ֶǳŹ̬ȣһˣҲ׼ü޵ˡ
ս˺ʹµֳʦۼһԴķʽ̸˽ڵ
ΪɣѾһɳ׷Ҷ֮󣬽˻Ȫ·
ȻǶ֪˳üʦˮϵ֮γɵϢôʱȥЩ־ͬʯһȻûϢǲе㵣ģòʲôɣ
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ս֪֮ĶԹȻ֮£˲òվһ𣬲սսȻûкɫ
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ʦһţ˵Ļʦǵȷǣλ֮Ǹڴ˼ȴھٴȪ·
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ȣҪȣҿɵȲˣҴ绹ҶԲһ˿ʧսȻǼ˵ӣתֿʦʦȱδ㣬ڲٴͷȴȪ·
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ʱȻзԵ˵ĿȻȫ˵֮˿ȥһ֮£΢΢һ㶣˵ľȻŵԶ
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˵һòõˣⷬһǧʯصҽڳ˵˳
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ôϿǣԭΪǶ޵µĶҵ޵Բò
ս˵ΪȴǸη޵һѵ˵ǾͲ޵˲ҩ
˵˵еĶѾˣ
սжʱɷŭĹâݺݵĵ˵ˣһЦðãӣϴӻȥ֮һûٸ߿డúݣʱȻ˵ĻҶҪ̲סɣǲѾͶ޵˼ҵĹƴˣ
ˣǺĺڵãս㽫Ī޸Ķɽ
˿ΪսĻЦŵսȻûȥҿ˵ˣΪڣ㶼Ҫ޵˹ˣһʱѣ㾹ȻͻȻ͸ı̬ȣŶԣǲѾͶ޵
ս۾һɣ˵һȴ֮ȷѾˣΪҩѾˣֻǣҩɲ޵˸ģǱѾǧҵģ


489 Ⱥ鼤
˳Խڶ˵ǰʶǲʶˣ֮ⷬ󣬶һ
ȻѾнҩˣ
Զȴʶ˳˶üͷ΢壬˳һ֮һڵĵӣ˭
˳һЦǴȺ˳λǶİҶ
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˳λΪȺھʦȻ˵ҶǴȺڵѾҵ˽ҩϢʵȻӹˡ
Ѿ΢΢ɫȴҲ֮ʵķԶã˳ٴЦŵλҵݵĻôǾʣʶҵˣӦò
ͻȻֵ˳̽ս˲ľ׵Ťת˹ǵȻǳһλ˴˶һۣϾ¶һ˿Ц
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ʵ˳ĳ֣ȷǸ⣬ΪҶû׼μ޴ᣬԼȴûǹȥ޴ᡣ
Ϊһ԰Ҷ׵ĲĵĴûᣡ
ʨɽź˳еϵ̲סʵȻҶҶѾҵ˽ҩܲȽҩָǣ
˳¶һ˿֮ɫȻԣҲôԸҵģؽҩ䷽ڣҽ֮УȻ͵䷽

Χʱһʧ֮ɫ˳ҲŵȱżȻҵ䷽ʧϻһݣֻΪ˾ȳ޵°ߵĸףѾһȪ·λҪҩĻǾͱҵ
˵޵ð֮踣ֱɵķʽҪЭλڼȻѾ˽ҩѵλǺβɴᣬɱȪ·̤ƽ޵ԶĴȸ½ʧ󻼣
˳۸ߺ˵ǿܵĹ裬̸߾ֱۣķӦɱȪ·̤ƽ޵
һ˺Ӧ˺ǧӦ
˴ͷģ˵Ҳ̱Ǽе˶ʼ˻
ɱȪ·̤ƽ޵
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Ȼֻ޵ʵΪǿ󣬵ǹľΪʥô׶Ըġ
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֮ͻȻܳһɫľòצ޴һھͽҶȥ
һ潫ߵİ壬ʱҲһƬɫֲӭҡҷдУ㸲˷Բʮ׵ķΧ¶еҶȴʧһ㣬֪١


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497 
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499 ٶһ
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ȻҶתֵǳŵĹŵʱȴͻȻ֮ͣҵĴһתֺУϻһ˿Ц
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վҶֻԼѾȫĵߵ˹һܣһѪʵѹֲסӿ˳ȥǵ˹ǰĵ档
ʵʵ̫⣬ҶѾǲţ֮ͬ޵еĴڣǿֺ̫Уûһ˿ʤĿܣ
ϵʹ𾪣Ҷûע⵽Լո³һѪȻϢı䵭Ǳһ㣬ֱȫʧ
ֺҲòȥҶǿͬϣǾȻܹԼĹ
ͨ̽ҲҶʵѾǿ֮ĩκε͹ơ
СӣȻеŵɱ㻹ǿϧղȥɳгһûУҳɣ
ֺûκεĹ˼ɣڿУٴ̧ɵ̹֮УһűǰҪľ޴ƣ̩ɽѹ֮ƣҶȥ
һΣֺҪɱҶԼȫ˵նˣʮնҲһܹơ
Ǽ˰ƬصľƣҶȻ֪ԼҲ޷ӹһ٣ȻԴС
ת۳һѪĵ֮ϣâ䵽˽׿⣬²
ȻֺеƿҪµʱתֵĹ֮ͻȻɢһɫ⡣
ײ֮ϣһ˿һûзʯͷļһ˲߽⣬ޣɫͷӣĳ嵽ֺеߣֱӽǷֵƷ˳ȥ


501 
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ֺпĳٷĸ֣Ȼɵľͱײ˳ȥ̺֮֮ǿֱˣ
ؼǣ⾿
Ѿ˴𰸣Ϊĸ˶ĿǰΡ׳תֵ֮⣬ٵһ⣬γһ޴ӣȫ
֮ϣʹâתϢȥǲҹһۼ
ȻֺеתֵֻԾ벻Ϊʲôǰʵ޻תֵúõôͻȻͷų˵Ĺԣ
ֺȻعаٴξƺݺݵ·ѹȥĿ겻ٽֻҶҲתֵ
Ǹʹֵʱͬٴγ֣֮ϵһȦһĿ׵ķ˾ƣĺȻֺײȥ˸Զľ롣
ڣˣתֵ϶һصڱš
ڶɮ˵Ǻ£Ƕתֵ֮еҶ˵ȴǳɹŤתڵĲ档
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ݺǲϲ˵ȴԼֺ࣬ٿȻ׹ȻתֵĹԼܹͻƵģԼαطҪأֻҪԼҲתֵУһɱҶ
ٺ٣ʦ˵ĶԣҶͿˣ
ЦУֺдӿص䵽棬ҲתֵǳĹŴȥ
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ΣֺԼûӼˣֻݺȥԿ
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תֵеҶɮֹһ綼ᵽɤۣĿע˵Ľ֡
â𽥰𽥼ɢӰҲ𽥵

ҶȻһ磬ٿԼİΣܲĻһâܹȫתֵѾڵϵİ


502 󵹸
ӱߣЦŭĹֱַͳüʦʦ纣Լսһ
λ֮սƺƵ죬ڴʱԶȴǳ˲ڲеĳʦͽ纣
˵˸ŷĹâ̲һıųʦͽ纣ıȥ
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˵ʵʵ£һһĽ֣ʱҲ޷ֳʤڴ˾֮£纣ͳʦȻ֪â̱Σգȴ޷ĳ־ԮԼ
ǧһ֮ʣȻһЦһͬʱӰֱ˳ʦͽ纣
ﬣ
Ľײ𣬷ԶгȻһɷ֮æ󵹷ɶȥȵ˳˰ȫ̧֮ͷȥ
ֻ˺ĪЦĵԼˣ
ȻΣյĹͷֹ֣˷Զã
һЦԶãȻѾͶ޵
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ʱķԶɫ࣬촽һֱߣ˭Ҳûпڡ
Ϊ˺Ī˵ʵѾźͺڣͶ޵
Ȼ޵Ҳǿ˼ΪջӦǣһһͳȸ½Ǿͻǽ޵Ĵڣһ֮£֮ϣ
죬ǹ֮Уǰμ޴ᣬΪ޵ķԸڳһ
Ҳ֪޵ڷʲô飬Ͽ֮һоͶͼƻȫͬʼʱеãȻ֪롣
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ֱڣҲ֪Լ˵α¶ģսûв࣬˺ĪᾹȻԤ֪һһֱڶԼţȫԼļƻ
ǵȻ뵽˳ʵע⵽ǣȻȫ϶ҲڰжĪҪע⡣
ٽƻĺҲ¶βͣڼȻ˺ĪѾԶȻҲ˺Լαװ
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ķɢ˿ɵŽںŵĵǰΧ
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֪˭ͷһ̻ɢ׷׳ȥ
ʵںŵĵԩĺܣΪ޵ľȫоǺһ֪顣
£ҲʮٶĽҲõģҪȥΨз𷴿
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ȻĿǰȸ½ռƣʵȴ෴
ȸ½ʮλ֣޵ֻˣȻĹӵзеƣʮЭδزǵĶ֡
ϧŷԶõ󵹸꣬Ҳԭȵʮıڵİ˶һɾȫͬˣ
ȻнǧߣЩߵĲֻǳ°֣ҲһֵĶ֣ԣĹȽȸ½ĳ֣ôͿɱЩߡ
Ψһûмսֵľǻʨɽʯȸ۵ˣȻһפۿȴҲƴʱ׼ȥԮͬ顣
˳˴λǰΣҪٿʲôˣλ֣ʱ
ԲһۣʯлȻ޴ͭݺݵһҵ˵Ķԣˣȥս
˻ش˳ִλǰӦȥĪǰˣ


503 ɱ
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һĹɱˣٻعͷԼֵܣȸ½Ȼȫû
ˣʽ֮£õİ취ɱʵ޼ķԶá
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ҷԶúʵҲܷУģһ֣ԿԾɱǣ
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ĪãȻʵһĪΪһֻһ裬ƾιı߶޷մ
ʯļ룬õɫʱò԰ޱȣ
λֶԸһˣﻹ˿ʤ㣬ʯĪˣһһ࣬ȫ֮£Ƭ֮Ѿæңüβ㱻С
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ԶҪթ֪࣬ȻԼĹֶ޵֮£ĹָܷԼôԼμ֣϶ҲӲһûߣ
뵽ԶͻȻһ͵ӳһССƿͬʱԼתŹ㳡֮ȥ
ܣ
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ʱһ쫷ƿкȻķâ˺ϯȥ
Щâλɫһ䣬֪ȻǷԶı£Ȼ˭ҲӲӣֻܸԻһ͸֣סԼͬʱˡ
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âһλĻ֮ϣķнָķѡ
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λоյĶâͷһ֮£Ȼ÷Զˣɨء
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һͷ˵תĪʯսȦ֮У
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ʱҲԶԶĸ˻ԶѾӳͨ
˵֮ļս֣üʦԿ֣
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֮ȻҲͣ˴򶷣עڽսеʮλ֡
ȻҪæǸսֵܲˣֻԶԶۿ
ڣͿ֮ʤˣĹʤôȻŵȸ½˶Ĺְܣô޴ᣬȸ½˾ǴȫʤֻҪǰҵҶõҩ䷽ǽˣ
ǣȸ½λ֣ȻԶһסĹ֣ĹܹɷУǲûռݵʲôƣʼմ·硣
˵Ĳ
˳мٵתͷܶһλ֣ôܽǰľƳŤתǵһλأ
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ѭȥֻӶӰԶȻһɫĹֱգŹը˿һž޴ĹȦͬһ˷ϯȥ
˶⵽ô£ɫһ棬ϵЦ֮ɫȫˣĳǵķѵȫˣֵǣߣ
ĹָԷһλֱףȻͬʱתͷŽɫȦķȥ


504 ķ֮
ɱеİλû뵽Ĺ־ȻԼˣһ֮ʯһܣ
˵ȥ׷źبǰǺɫˮȴֻŭĺݺһţĹֵӰɿԶȥ
˳תŰֵղĹ˵ʲôƣӦǵģиļλǰ٣ĹֵĶ֣λҪԥйȥԮ
һеģ
λȫӦ˭ҲٿԴӵץһʯȻԼɵĵǺȵҪʲôߣһģ
˵֮󣬰˲ԥ׷׽ʯӵϣԾ𣬽Ųʯͷ֮ϣŻ֮˲Ϣ֮Ѿɹӡ
ŰԶȥ˳ҲûţΧĻмĥܹԼ˶ȫɹӵİ취

ħȻѾܵˣ۾ȻܵĴ̼ʱ޷ħ׵壬ȸоһɻȻԼϮ
ħĿжȻһ𣬿оȻһֻɫӥſ״С̽һ˫ɫצݺݵسǰץȥ
飡
һ촫ͬʱһƺߣħоǰǹɻѸȥﳤһæ˫ۣȻ
ԼǰվһͬĴ󺺣˫ĿԲɣǺ
ħתͷĹˣֵħħҲֱ˲סܹ
סħ˺սˣסħȴںĿܣ
ĸ˱µʱ䣬ҶһĸʯݵʱǶΪ󷨼ƣԳȥˣû뵽Ƭ̹ΧȻ
Ȼһ취ûУ˾ȴǰסᣬûԼḶ̌ͬ˿һĲãһҵˡ
Ȼ˺ƲȵĻᣬӲͻ󣬲Ҽڽ֮˳
ʵֻϴһȱڣӴޱȣûȫƿܹػɣ˵Ѿĺˡ
˴ӽĹâ֮иոӳͿ˿еħôĻҵ˷йĶ
ټ󷨵ȱڣȻĳϵĽܵӰ죬ӵ˷еȻĸҲٿֱѡħ֮һ˹
Ȼħʵ˶ҪһǺڶǻ죬˶ʱ߸˴ƽ֣˻սС
Ƭ֮˺ȻоĹɼΪǿٴͬʱһֱĹ֮ħǴϲǺȴһ
Ķֻǿƽ֣ҪĶߵĻĺܲң
ħĹֺĹ֣ϽɱǣȻĳߣ
ָͷ鿴·ĳǣȷĳǵûȫƵųһҲ»ָЦ֮ɫֵңֵǣȽĳ߰ɣ
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˵֮Ҳĸеͬʱһڹ⣬ұ˴۳һɫľ޴Σ·ĳȫ֡
ȻĹֺħеĹ߲ͬʩչռ֮ķʽȴȫһ
ɫ֮ϺڹɣɫŸ·죬ԶԶȥһ޴ĺɫĻĳǸ𽥵ĸ
ĳǵһǽҲڹ֮󣬶ʱһضɽҡռ俪ʼŤϵݣһںľ޴Ķڳ
ռ֮ſ
ȻҲǼʶ֪֮ռ֮ĴڣĴûмʩչ
Ŵ˿̳ǰȾ޴Ŀռ֮ţȫˣ
ںĶ׾ȻԶһž޴һϵ£ĳǡ
ֶȻֽһħҲ뿪ɣ
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ħͬʱһħȻƳԶ߰˸Сڵ㣬۵糸Լ֮һתħħҲķ֮뿪
˷ֱƲ¸ǰĶ֣ȻǸںĶڳ˽ȥ
ȻǺҲŽȥǳڶδ֪Ŀ־壬ԼûҵҶֻĿźɫĴ󶴽ĳͬˣȫɽȥ֮󣬰һĿĺڹ⣬һУȫʧˣ
ԣȫʧԶĵ֮ϣԾ޴Ĺԣһ֮ϸǱ⣡


505 ս
ڵأֽ֮϶˿˿ѪؿھеĹâ𽥵İȥнѾϨ˵Ĺľơ
ȻзʥľƵıǰĿǰΪȴ޷ӳʥȫȻ赲˶ٳֵ֮ȫĺϻ
ҶˣﻹܶԴתֵ͵ܲ˵ĳ嵽ߣͳŵҩĿС
ˣסˡ
ҶΪ˾ԼȻתֵıһůִҶļ֮ϣһҧվ뿪˵ȴһѪ
ǵѪգϼһЦݣû£һս
Ҷ죬ҪȰϽˣǻȴǱˣãս
ֺе¶˵ЦݣǿӻǺֵܣֵϷ뿴ҶΪ֮жģүү϶ȫǣһ𳬶ˣ
ֺкݺһǰһͬʱȥ
ΪҶͰѹ˹ߵĺÿһ£ȴôض΢΢һ
ȻʱԶ֮ϺȻһ޴ĺںĶڣһĻֺеϲɫĹķ̿ķ֮ţħأãʦܣб䣬սپϽɱľƣ
ͻȻֵķֺ֮ûĥҶ뷨Ǻݺͬʱ˹
һȻû˿֣ұղŶԸ֮ʱҪӵң
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ݺиı˹ķʽֱڿѸٱ󣬶ܻ棬ΧƷɢļµϢ죬϶ҶͰ
ڸߵĿܶûУΨһľӲӶɮĹ
ҡΣҶΪ֧ţվ޷վסʱȻڹĶʣ޼ùľƷһ˿ͬвһ΢΢̹⣬ʱпϨ
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һĻöɮԲ˫Ŀб˴˶˹ֽ֮ôܣҶʩչľȻȫǴ֮
ǳֲеҼӵдԳĳ֣ҲڵҶһԵʩչӴϵ
ܹؼ֮ǽȫӵУ
䣡
ڣ޴ĺУֺзݺеĻƣͬʱݺݵͬɽҶϡ
ɽ̼ʯѣһصʯ»عأ
Ҷϵ΢΢𣬴һ˿΢ЦĴȫûһ
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һҶһ˽ɮĹȫԳˣûðܵһĳ
Ҷ˰ֺ̲֮סһүүˣ˶ѾˣȻ۾ʦܣٸһƣȥɱʥӣõľƣȻǾͳˣ
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506 
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˵̧֮ݺһҶС֮
ͬʱֺҲߵ˰ߣһץסȻеĹľƣһҲݺݵĳŰԴȥ
飡
Ʒֱʵ
ȻʱҶͰ֮ϾȻͬʱһ⣡
Ҷĵ֮ȻһѪ⣬ѪѪ죬أһɿ񱩵ȷѪ꣬â֮иĿӰ
Դ֮Ž⣬貶Ŀâɣڿл۳һɫ棬һ黨΢ЦһŭĿ
ɽȻͬඥأب֮䣬ɢǿبŵϢͲַϡ
ͨͨ
ɮ޷壬Ȼ˫˫ڵأȻǵȴɷֱҶĵͰԴ֮ϡ
ֺеϳ𾪺;η֮ɫʧĽеҷȱ࣬࣬찡Ȼǳ࣡
֮ǰֺԼѾǷڵͽ˿̾Ȼ˵ˡҷȱĸɴ˿ɼѾҵʲôز
ݺȻͬɲȴҪʦ򶨶ˣصĵ˵ͷ˵ֻоž֮ھ֮ʱܻ࣬˵ȷ¶ţң˵ྐྵȻԣһһаһһħ
ͱпˣϽ߰ɣ
ֺйֽһһ˦˰ԴվתܣݺٴηĿ⿴һԼǰƬȷѪѪ֮ҲǽִҶĵԼʦֵת뿪
һǰһͬɥ֮Ȯܳȥüֱ֮ͣӻͳԲһĶԶվͬʱ߶С
Բ֮ϸһڿᣬһ𣬹â֮ȻֳһȽɫĴš
˳֮Ŵһ˫˫ʧ
ͬʱսΪ׵İ˺Ϊ׵ˣܹʮҲĹȥ
嵽һ룬Ϳһһâڿ۶׳ࡣ
ʮ˼ͬʱͣüͳʦȾϲӵĵ࣬һʥӣû뵽ʥӲû£Ȼ˾磬̫ˣ̫ˣӷӣӷӰ
΢΢üһѵҶ˷𣿡
྿˭ɢģǿˣĵӿһҪĤݵĳ嶯ʮǿȻҲ⣬ÿ˶๧ʩ
ͬʱǵҲźݺһ뷨ǾһһаôķֱҶͰͷųĻ񲻾˵ž޵֮䣬ˮݵĹϵôպ˲ѣǱ˴µĵˣܻᷢһ֮ս
ͷʮ֣֮ĹϵҲһЩ΢ı仯
ս򸾣ʯ죬ĵ˺λڴʦ֮ľ룬ġսԼԥһ֮Ҳսվһֻ˺ͽ纣վԭûж
ȻʮͬЭǿɽȻͬ࣬ȴʶڱҪŪԼλá
ҶͰȷλ֮㣬պҲܿܳΪվȸ½ߴ۷ŵ˵ˣȫԴȸ½δ
ҶһƬڵѪаħһɫķǷ
Թаһ˲Ƶ׼ȻҲζպؽΪˣôеЩǾҪԼľ񣬾վҶߣվڰߡ
ΪħߵսǸ迼ǣڵλȻǵߣҶǵĵλˣȻҲܺѡڣǽҶ˺˵Ӱ㿴ҲǼվҶߡ
˺ͽ纣˺Ҷûʲô飬Ҳǵʺ쳾Ҳ޹ϵԣֻѡֹ̬ȡ
ų˰֧ʱ֮ʧ٣ͬŹ֮Ҳ֮ʮҲγѰĻعŹ֮ȥ
תֵǰʱǰľȻѡ
࣬ǶΪҶͰȻõôȻͣ״̬ѣʵȴ෴λȴıԵ


507 
ʮˣʮâҶͰΧÿ˵϶˵ǣȴû˸ȥǣһпλžʹ䡣
ʮʶ֯һŴ˵ڵȫźǣҶͰڶһǿĽ˵ʶȫ˳ȥǸ޷֪ڵʲôȻûа취ʩˡ
˵ʵǸոտҿȷ˷ģǼֱҪ̲סǲѾˣ
üʦüͷѾ˽ᣬԼʦֵʦ֣Ǹô죿
ʦıҲòȥƬҡҡͷʲôȻʶôȻ޷ǵڣҩ޷Ƿ£ֻܡȣ
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ڵĻ˵Ŀⶼеϣüʦֺʮʵλʩγƺ
˶֪ڵ˭ȻղѾͬˣȻѷǵУټڱҲ峾Ԫĸ֣û˸С
ʵòڽȪ·ʱѾá֮ˮ˸ı䣬Ϊľ±ɱ˵ǲӶ䲻̰֣Ͼ̰ơ
ԳüʦѯʣЦЦҶѣһġ
ʵ⣬ԱҪܡ
ȻҶѣȻȥǿ˵ʵˣұݣ˸ĵҶԼæѯ
ڲûϻش𣬷ȷһºǺ
֪ǽһ˿֮ϲ¶˰֮ɫ
ȻͺǣҶӴʱ䲢λ˵УڶһǵͣҲǽǵ
ңȻҲʹѡ
ȻƬ֮Žǽоϸ˵˳ȻƴȫɱǸţԼҲˣȵ֮󣬾ͳĳǣȻͱУֱղŲűλѾ˳
˸˵ȴüʦϵλʩڼȻҶʩʥӵǶΪҽ鲻ȽȺڵλʩһҲдȺڵҩҾ˵ҶʩǴȺڵͷ侲˼άݣһε޴᾿ô£
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ʮһ֣ȫȫⱣҶͰЩǿߵĿ֮еλ֮ߡ
ܿ죬˳ˣҶ״̬ʱ岻΢΢һ˫ȭȻգһ˿ŭ
Ҷ֮䣬͵ӵĹϵҲǼõѣܳĸݣԸҶκⷢ
˳ҶͰʮȦ֮ҲֻεҡҡͷĪ
Ҳ˵֮УҲ̫ʧ
ս˳һ£Ҷѵǹ𣿡
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Ȼ˳˵ľޣڳĶһ֮λ޴ʦҲһ֮еִ۸ӵϵﶼ׵ĺܡ
Ҷ΢ֲǴȺڵĵӣ뵱սһ˵ȺڵЩˣҪ֮λԲǼ׵¡
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˵Ľ˳˼֮УȻʱҶͻȻһ΢
žһʲô鿪һ㡣
Ȼ΢Ǵ˵Ķȴͬһֱ˶Ҫ嵽Ҷǰ
һȴǱ˵ٶȶҪϼ֣иϵҶ
˵Ŀɿڴ֮УҶƮȻأİ֮£תֵ


508 ڰеһ
仯ʵ̫ͻȻ˸ûзӦȵع֮󣬳λ޴ʦչŰ֮⣬ʮһˣǰ˳ڣǲԼͬѾתֵŵҶȥ
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ͬǰɮҪתֵʱһһҪתֵˣһ⣬һͬʵȫתֵ⸲ŵ˻
Ⱥ֮ɣǰתֵʱҶѾİ֮£ԽţŹȥ
аٴԾ𣬻һâתֵҲٻԼĿܣٿں֮
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˳תֵ΢΢ü⽫룬ڱĻôֻֿܡ
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˶λȻʵ㣬ȴߵĴȺڴܸһĽ͡
һ֣˵ֻһ˽룻ڶֿܣˣ
ﾪȻһʱ֮޷ܣһ룬ȴò˳Ļе
Щ˵ַĽʵÿɵĺ֮أ˵ȵأĽƣԷⴳ룬ֻеõɵĵӲܲܽƵӰ졣
ǰֹ˽룬ȻΪûеõɣҶɣԾĲӰ졣
һֿͨˣǶ˳˵ĵڶֿȴ޷ס
˿ĵǴӺƶϳڶֿܵģ
ʥ˽֣ҶĴ󡣡˳ָΧݲƽѷĵǹ֮ȴʼûκ˳֣ҸղҲǳضÿռ֮ߣΨҲ²ʵ϶ǿճǣӦû˴ڡ
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ٴΧŰλڴʦ֮⣬˵ĿⶼգҲգĶתֵĴš
תֵڣӳƬһ伸ȫ͸ķ֮УҶ·֮ϾȻĸֻ·
˿̣ÿһصĻ֮϶ųӫ⣬ҶİΧ
ڱɮĹ֮ȻҶѾȫĽ˴֮Լһ·壬ȴȻ޷λٳֵ֮ĺһ
̼䣬ɽ߽⣬ҶҲǻʯһʧȥе֪
ǼˣҶʶȻûȫûϡ˺˳˵ȻȴǸ޷ָûУԼͻȻһʯͷһ
֪˶ãҶͻȻоһɼ紫סԼ壬סԼ꣬Լȫûзֻ֮ԼƮƮ
ڣʧ建£һͻȻӵ֮еǿʹʯֵ֮ǣԼ֮תһȦ֮ȴûκλͣԼԺ
ͬʱӿڣѪͷųһ˫˫鶯һ㣬޸ҶѾ֧١
̷ǳĻƺЩҲ֪Ҷʵ̫أ֮
ʱ侲ţ֪֮УҶڰԺȻĳһССĹ㡣
ȻСޱߵĺڰ֮УȴԵ÷
ڣҶ黺תһ֮һĿĹâһš
ৣ
Ҷվ


509 ɫ
ҶȵתͷԼ͸ķ䣬֪﾿ʲôطԼΪʲô
еļȻͣޱߵĴ֮Լ֣ɮǿĹԼһ̡
ͻȻ䣬Ҷͫ׾ҵһ£Ϊ䷿͸ıں컨壬¿·ĵɵĲʣȻ龧ʯ
龧ʯ˵ǼΪһΪ̺мΪԹֱĴʹܹžƷĻ֣۸Ȼǳʼα
Ʒϵ龧ʯѾֻڴ˵֮ˣû˼Ҷڵݣ߼龧ʯҲƷѡ
Ȼڣ䷿е龧ʯ̺֮ḻ֮ҶûмģĲ²⣬ҲƷϣ
Ȼ⻹ȵģҶȵǣȻ󣬵ǳʮף߶ȳ׵ķ䣬Ȼһ壬Ȼȫһ龧ʯ޽ɣ
Ƕֱʰ
Ҷͬһ㣬߳˷䣬ӳһƬĵȻԼεء
תֵ
ԼһתֵУ
֮ʱģļϡӡһȫͬˮһӿҶԺ֮Уȫ˹
Լڻ֮бתֵ˽ȻĪľκԼƣأ
뵽Ҷ˹ŵķһһ˳ȥ
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֧Ѿȫ޸ϣڵǰҪӵĳ棬֮Уͳ϶ΪһѪ
ǣֻѪһѪΣ
ʹʯأ
Ƕȥˣ

תֵ֮⣬ʮλֺ˳Ѿĵȴʮʱ䣬ÿȻԼĵĽ֮еĵȴ޷Ρ
ʮȥתֵں޶ȻҲ˺ܶΣλ޴ʦҲУҪͻתֵĽƣȻʧܶա
ȻҶҲкϢǾǰ𽥺ת
Ҷתֵĵ죬ʼû˿İ֮ͻȻɢһ⣬â֮Уһ۴СӾȻĴӰƮͷ֮ϡ
ɢһ⣬ȫĽ⻷֮£ͬһׯ£˶Ȼ𾴡
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ҲΪʲôᱻΪʥӵԭ֮һ
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˽ӵĹ֣״ڲϵĺתȻôҸеοͬʱҲӵıתֵеҶˡ
Ƣĺٴվ׼ȥͻĽƣȻ˶֪϶һ˭Ҳû
սҲվź磬ٺɣ
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ȻʱתֵƽĹ֮ͻȻһ˲ȫվȫעĶѾԽԽɫ
ৡһ֮УȻһӰ
Ҷ
Ҷˣ

ʮ˿Ӱ֮󣬼̲ס˷ܵľ֮
ȻǵŰƵҶˣҲȾϲǶ˰
˳еѯʵûˣ
ҶЦŵͷûˣλõˣˣأ
ʵҶӣͲҪʡ
˭Ҳû뵽Ҷʧʮ֮ٴγ֣ĵľȻǰҲǵͷٴθƺƴĳԼ⼸ǽӵĳ
˵ʵսħߣԸҶͰλųΪˡ
ʦһŵҴʥлҶʩĹģˣȻûѣӦҲʲôˡ
ϵɢԣҶԿ岻ԶȻӵĽµİ
Ҷ˹ȥɫѾЩİ۲˰֮ŵҲڷ
׼˺úʵ׷ʲôʱȴѾʵҶתֵôʱ䣬ҵĸ𣿡


510 
ҶոѹΪİԶûüתֵѰҸ׵䣬ڱôһʣ͵һԴ˵λʧһ£ȥѰҵĸס
˵֮Ѿͬһĳתֵʹ֮һҶûܵκ赲˳Ľתֵ
һĻ˶˳ǰƲֶ˼ֿ϶ӣҶĺпתֵˣܵǿ֮Ӱ죬תֵƻ˿Ȭ
Ҷתֵʶɢ˳ȥûתֵ֮ǰѾ֪Ϊ޴󣬴൱ڵҶôҪҵԼĸףһ׵顣
Ȼʶ͸ʼŹ˷ȥʱҶֻһɼԼû˿ķ֮ǰһԼȻֻصǰԼԵǸȫһ龧ʯɵķ֮С
ͬʱҶ֮нѪѪ֮ϺȻҲ֮һ⣬âڶ⣬ֱҶ˶ȫ
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״̬Ҷϳֹڵһغ쳾ʱ
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ǵģҶѾ𽥵Ϊһ壬ȴȻһķʽϵıֱ޴Ĺ϶Ϊһ
Ҷ۾ʱϺжֳ˷ܺȻ֮ɫ˳ƲĵڶֿܱʵҶĳΪתֵˣ
ոճҶԺ֮еһ棬ڸ䣬ƵΡ
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£ӣȻѾǿҶͰҲ޷ֺĵزֻӵʥ֮ʥ֮ʥޡ
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ΪʲôҪһĳǣеԭҶҲֻ֪֪ͬʵĹؼǿʹʯ
ʹʯۣҲһܹṩԴԴϴıͬʱҲƿתֵĺġ
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ҶֻҪͷͿƶڵһطԽתֵЯ
˺ŵʵҶʵޱȣͬʱҲתֵĳǵ׸ʲôģ
ʲôܹӵֱʣȻЩ֮ûἰҶԼĲ²⡣
죡
ֻдڴ˵еľ죬ŪôĶԦʥޣ
֮⣬ҶĻһ棬һʵĻ棬֮г֮⣬ûκĶ
ǣеǻһʣҶԸоڹâĲʲôЩâһιޱȵĴһ㣬ܵΪ˵ҶûԿ׵£Ҳ޷вŵܡ
ҪͱҪҵԿס
ԿģҶ֪ҲżԼĿǰ֪Ĵ𰸣ʱţгһնĸԼǰ
Ŀǰ֪ô࣬ҵõһӦ˵˾޴ĹҶѾǳ֪ˡ
Ҷʶʼ֮ѲѰԼ׵䣬ڣڹһ֮УҶԼĸף

һҶѾʧ


511 
ҶƷԾɺҶ֮ǰʱһһŴϣ˫Ŀգɫ԰ףһŶû˿
ԼĸףȻֻж̶̼ľ룬Ҷȴû⼸
Ϊڸ׵ûиоκϢĲ򵥵˵˿̵ĸһһ
Ҷ£е£ԼǧҵĸѾˡ

ҶһԲĺڹߵ˸׵ߣ˫֡
˫ܹ׼ȡܹʯȻ̩ͬɽصƣʱȴǾҵĲš
ڣҶ˫סԼĸ׵˫磬ʶһȫӿ˸׵ڡ
ʶͬʱСҶƷɵ̽ţҶҲһ³ֱ˹ȵס
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ҶȴܾԼĸûΪͷͺȻҲȻŵԣǣǡ
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Ҷǿǵ㣬Բ뵽λ޴ʦæȷһ¸׵
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üʦ͵Ҷʩ鶼꣬Ϊֻ꣬壬ض곣⣬֮䣬ȴϢϢͨȫȫ겻ȫͻ걻ӡض޷֪Ҳ޷ϵ
꣡
Ҷ˵һȫµ֪ʶͬʱҲ뵽˲֪Ѫ֮еЩǣǵ״̬ȫֻǵһ
ˣüʦŵǸ㳡֮ϣλʩһһŮǵеƣȴҪӸӺ֡
㳡֮ŵʩһһŮ
Ҷ뵽ˣӦӷ򸾣ôˣأأ
һıҶûʱԼЩѣڳüʦĻȴ
üʦĬһ²ŽŵȻ˵꣬һ뿪壬ضȻҲ֮뿪ǾζλʩѾУضȴδԶ룬Ҳû
üʦôһ˵ٽϰ׷Ǻİϧ߹ԼйضѪ飬Ҷӷ򸾵Ѿˡ
ӷ򸾵Ѫٻ֮»عѪʧȥ꣬Żɲ״ֻ̬ҪָܹôֻҪٴλصУǾûˣڣҪͿǵָܷˡ
ȻҶҲʶʵѪչֳ״̬ϸ˵ǵ״̬
ͨӷ򸾵Ҷٴ˵㰲οǺأ
üʦ̾˿ǵҲܲãͬǲ֮һɼΪǿӵһ˵ıԵ׻ıߣȫҪԼ־ˣֻܾԼ
Ҷʩֻڹ㳡֮Ͽ˺ǺһһŮλʩ֪֮еһλ
ǾȻҲǲܷҪԼϢٴθҶһصĴ
鶼е㱣ûüʦĻ΢΢ü˻شӱ߲ûˣӦѾˣ


512 
ʬǰģüʦǸʬ嶼ûмȻ֪˭ˡ
ոѹҶΪڵ仰ٴ׻Լ׵壬ǣһҲѾȥ
κһ˶ܹоĵҶ֮ɢַŭͱˣʱκεİοͽ͵ģҲֻܼųĬĬĬĵȴš
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Ȼ˵ǸҶһ磬ȫԸģҲǵ˿ĽԼˣҲҶ
Ҷȴô룬ֻԼִҪ͵͵ǰȳԼĸףôǶκε顣
ڣ׵ȷǾȵˣȴ˳صĴۣһоֵûǲֵأ
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񣬿ҶŸ׵壬ӵĿԼţҶʩһҶлл
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514 ̤ƽȪ·
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Ҷڰ׷ǵƲˣͷʹʯ;ʮеÿһڵʯпͬһʵĶ
ѩҶƲõ֤ʵȻʹʯʯȹأ߸ͬһֶ
֣ǲʯͷͷų˵ֺϤĸоǲŻѪ֮У
ӷæͬʱͷҶҲͷǾͶˣʯҲѪĵһڽУңҲ֤Ѫˣͽĳǵĳֹϵ˵ѪǾ˽ģ
һ̣ҶһЩıԵ
ҶҲ֪ԼŪе࣬ǾƾԼʵ˵ȥˣɮĳֶ򲻹ԼֻܽŬԼøǿȵԼ㹻ǿ㹻ʱһĽҿŵ࣡


518 憪
ӷ꣬ϥǵܣɫǧӿǧëס
˵ɫ𽥻ָҲۿɼٶһȬҶΪǸе˵ͬʱҲοԼ뵽İ취
ȻηʹʯǲɷϣΪʹʯɢŨȼߣҺʯһôѪ֮УѾϰʯͷŵǣ˽ʹʯеǵƺӦöżĺô
Ҷ뵽֮󣬾ӷ򸾳ʹʯʵ֤ЧȻá
ʱӷ򸾵ȻûȬѾһ룬ΪʱƣҶȻҲǴعѪ
ӷ򸾵û£Ҷص΢õ˻⣬Ŀ⿴ԾͬһѾʱĺǣȻٶȳ
Ҷߵ˺ǵעźǣԺ֮пʼһһĻ棬Ӻͺǿʼʶ֮Ĳսٵڵл䣬Ŀ
Щ̿ĵĻҶ鲻Խ¶Цݣ֣ǵʶʱ˵ʵʱĲ֪㾹ȻǱޣᱻħܸˡ
Ҷѵʱ򣬶һҶԸӡ廢ϵͷ׻ȻĻҶѾûˡ
ȥԸӢڣ뿪㻹ߣԶԸ壬Ҳ
㻹ȾƣͿƲס˵ԺҪҪԸ㣬ü̳þƾ͹ˡ
֣֪˵Ļ˯ˣѹɣһԵģˣǻҪȥӡȥսȺޡ
Ҷһһ֪ƣĲ˵ţ˵ͺйͬĻ䣬ͳտ˵ĵĻš
ͻȻҶоǰһǵԴ֮һâһţ
⼸̴ӵϱ۾Ȼ۾ĶźǣԼģҲԼۻˡ
ͬʱҶʶҲ˲ӿ˺ǵڡ
ȻҶֱʶȥ֪꣬ȴԿԸоںǵڣĶһϢ
ϢȻ΢ȴԣҶĸоǵڻ֮пѹϾʯǿСݡ
ϣϣ
ȻҶ֪ϢŬĳɳŬģϢԽԽŨϢԽԽǿֱȫ˺ǵ֮С
ͻȻһâ֣ҶâԴںǵм䡣
Ҫˣ
뷨ҶüޱȣȻ޲ôĽϢ߸ȫ磬Ǵʱ˿ȴǲòסͣԼһӶŵǵĸ
ͻȻֵϢǵҲһŹ⡣
Ҷ֪ŹԴǹâůͣǶյһҶʶ֪ܸоһɰݺʡ
âֻӴСͬϢһҲڲϵıֱ˵ȫ
ʱҶȻ֣ŹâȻ۳һ˶ͷţͷ۾ٿȻѪɫĹâȻ֡
һبǿ󵽿ֲϢ֮ͷųҶʶо˳صѹϢҶʶȴûκεĵ⣬ңҶ˫۾֮зоһкϤ
ƺںҶкһֻǿҶһۺ˫Ѫɫ۾ֱ
Ҷһף˫۾ӦþλԶʱ߳Ƶǻʣ
糤üʦ˵ΪǻʵĴжΪıޣǻʵһжʼմڣΣյʱ򣬱ס˺ǵꡣ
ڣǻķʽڰ壬ߵıԵ
ͷ״Ĺâ޸ź˵٣ҹʱ䣬Ҷʱ۾ûиգעš
󣬹â󣬸ǵ˺ı棬ʼ޸塣
ҶĿźҪϵĺϣ³³⣬ֱ
̫ˣ
˿ҶĿļֱѾ޷ˣţò˶ãӦþܳѹҺǰһ
ڣǵ壬ڵ⣬еƶѾȬȻҶеǣȴûѹƶû˿ĸı䡣
ڵŹâȻŹԡ
ȥҶɿѾ˼꣬м˵ĵʱԺ֮ͻȻһ
憪£


519 ֻ۾
ǡ
ʵҶѾ³˭ˣΪ̬̫ϤֻȻе޷ţ̲סҪȷһ¡
ٴ𣬲ȴŵЦ⣺˵˭Ćˣ
֣㣿
ҶǾϲӣȻ֮ǰͺѾûĹͨû뵽ںǾȻҲԿ˵ˡ
ϻһ˭
ȻǵѾ𣬵Ǻǵ״̬ȴȻû˿ı仯Ҷﲻе㵣ģ֣ôûأ
ȵȣͻƾ磡
Ҷ˿ͻƾʱ򣬾ȻܷĺԼ˵ɲһܹġ
Ҷǲ˵ˣֻεעźǣעı仯
Ź˽ʱ֮󣬺ǵü֮ͻȻðһ⣬ǵη⣬ǰεһȫͬεĹâš
âֻ˴С˼⣬мԲü֮Ҷܾ״۾һ
òκǾͻֻܹ֮۾ɣ
âڳһʱ֮ȥֱȫʧȻںü֮ȴһӡǡ
ӡȴ״ֻһߣҶΪԼĲ²ǴʱͻȻ߷˿
һֻѪɫ۾˺ǵü֮
۾һɾ޴֮ڵɢҶղںǵڿģŹâγɵѪɫ˫ȫһģһ
ͬʱֻʼŵ۾֮Ҳһԣת
Ƽ
չһԼѾӲ壬ǵҶԺ֮𣺡о˯˺óľҪĆһһֱ˯ȥ
ʱ˿̵Ҷ»ָ˻ĺǣϴŽɵЦЦ⣬ȫһֶ˵ˡ
ǲˣκҶһҲø׾֮ǻĴɹԼľ磬˱Ʒ޵С
ξ͸û˿ı仯ǳ˵ֻ۾ֻ۾һͱϣҲ
Ҷܹоĳֻ۾̺һԶŵĿֲϢͷųҲǴľˡ
ˣɵЦˣϽ˵˵˯ʱʲô
ҶͬȻԵȻܹ֪һУڱԵѾʧȥеĸоȫǻʵĲʱѾʧȥеʶ޷֪淢һ顣
Ȼǿڵϱ·ڵŵʬ壬¶˼֮ɫüĵĵֻ۾ͻȻſ
ɼһâʬ֮ɨ
ǽŷһпȻˣ
Ҷ˲ϾȺֻ۾Ȼӵ͸ӵĹܣΪʬٴγ嵭иոΪǵĸӿϲãĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ҲſҶߣҶʼ뿪֮еľ渵
ȵҶ˵֮󣬺ͷԼǰצȽʬͻر֮أȻǾҪĵ˱𣬾Ȼ㽫ҴҷҪ˵ĳǲɣ
֮裬ʮٱĻĵ˵ĻҲͲͷ°ĺˡ
Ҷصĵͷãھ߰ɣ
Ҷܾǵ飬Ϊ֪ܾЧڵĺǣǰȣھõͬʱҲԶһϣԭȾеĽȻǱķŴˡ
վҶߵʬԱߣС·ʬεİһ飬еǱϽҪϽ£΢΢ȻβϸŷִΪʱ̫ϽȻѾƳһ
Ϊ˱⳶Ͻܻʬ壬Ҷȥˣ֮󣬽ʬ屳˱ϡ
һĻǲʵΪʲô͵ռ䳾֮С
Ƕ裡
˵仰֮Ҷͱʬ壬ٴλͷһտĵ磬ͨڡ
ǸҶߵͨڴҲͬͷһۣĿɨǿڹ㳡籮ʱ¶һ˿ЦüĵĵֻۺȻٴſ
һѪȻֱ䵽ǿ籮ʯ֮ϡ
䡱һ촫籮ʯȻը˿ʯء
ҶתԴɻĿѾʧĽ籮ʯı˵ֻ۾˵Ҫ̤ƽȪ·ȻҪ̤ĳ׵㣬ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһһ뿪ͨһ·ϣŷϿȥ


520 ׼ȫ
ոմӵ֮ҶͿڵӰвһůȻλȻ뿪˵磬ȴʼմȴԼ
Ҳһ۾ͿҶͺǣжʱһЦӭ˹źһĴָҾ֪϶ܻģ
ǵĵֻ۾ѾϣϵĳëҲĽס֪˸
ͬĵ׵ĸˣȻҲܸܵĳ˵ͷû˵
ҶǸǰúˡ
ˣʱû˰ȥҴҲŵġ
λĹذ֮飬ҶȻûɣתͷһܣȻջȻѾʧػǻڡ
ЦǺǵĵⶼλ¸ɵġ
ҵ£ҶȻף˵Ӧ˳ֻȻ벻ͨ˳ΪʲôҪջ
֮ջ˻ϾܹˣҲǻķˣǸ뿪֮ǰѾ֪ͨ˴Ⱥڵ˽ϿǽӹˣȻֹȽջ˵ȵ֪֮ͨĳ˹½һլ͸ҡ
קԼĺӵҿλ¾ĺܣ㲻֪ҵʵݣҲ³ҺʹȺڹϵǳһݴ񡣡
ҶЦˣ˳ľʦƺſɲԼģǱ͸ģȻȷǳѰĸߣ²³ڵʵҲΪ档
ĵ˼Ȼ綼ѾȫȻǲڼڷϿУ˳ÿ죬ϿչȺڣһϵΪҶǳ⡣
λ˿˵һΪ˼ҳô˻нԭȾסĵط˼㣬˳ȻҪһլӣ͸˼ȷʵٺʲˡ
Ȼ͸ϵģžˣԺʱҲи˯ĵطˣ
ãҾˡ
ǰ׼ǰ֮ˡ
ڵͷ֪ʲôʱ
ǣҶЦһ£ȴҲ֪ھҲҪԼһǮ֮أԼҲ޷ֻܾܽŵкǾͶϻʱ򣬾µĴסˡ
ãߣ
ϿǵĳȻҶڶûмȻ˳ţҲõ˳Ľصĸ֣Ҷˣȫִ̬ȼΪ
ǰ֮ǰԸ׼ĶҶѾãȥĿ
Ҷڶһۣ֪˳ΪԼ׼ʲô
Щʱ˲˳ܵĿǸпѣó׼Ķʵ̫ȫˡ
ڵмҶ˺֮ûиԹ·׼ʮ֮࣬龧ʯȻҲٲˣҳ£Ʒ׵ĶƷʮƷֵơ
֮⣬Ҷ˵Ҫһһ޶
һֽͨߣȻٶȲܿ죬쾫£õʱ򣬾һҰСԲȫЯ߶ܻһ壬ˡ
ȻϿѾӽ֮صĴˣǴﵽ֮أҶʵҲҪĸµʱ䣬ǳ;ˣһ޶Ϊߣȷʵʡ²ٵ
ҶҪЩֳݣһݣȴֱӾܾģҿ϶θߵġ
ҶֻܽжװԼĿռ䳾֮Уͳ֮һǣԼҶʼձڱϵʬ壬뿪˷Ͽǣű֮سˡ
Ϊ·;ʵ̫ңԶҶȷУȵ˵ʱٳ޶򣬻ָ
ھǲ˷һʱ䡣
֮ڵִ˱֮أ
ӳһƬɫ磬ȻҶļ綬ʱҲѩرѩǣְɫǰİɫȴ֮
İףһ޼ʣͬһ㣬ƺͬͷ
ҿе¶ҲżĲȻҶûκεĸоǻΪ͵ˣһ¶֮¾Իܲˡ
Ҫط沢ҳɳȷһ׵¡
ǰ֮أԶϡһЩӡʵΣҲⲻипû뵽һٴ֮أﻹֻΧߴǧҾͻῴһСӣӣʽ뱱֮أ߰ɣ
ҶеΧʹﵽǧ֮Զһ֮ǰһ·ĵطѾž޴Ĳǵȵ˱֮أֻһأ


521 ֮
˵ּ˽ǧ·֮ҶȻһ򣬱˵ЩˣݷҲҪϲ١
ҶбԭȸСȫҲǽ뱱֮һԺܶ˶ͣһʱ䣬ĲȻٽ뱱֮ء
Ҷ˽ĵͷһ·֮ϣѾ֪ı֮ص˵˳
֮أһƬأΪ걻ѩǣ˼û㼣
෴ÿ궼вٵ߲ԶĸϵΪŲϡҩĺͱԵ޻ޣ
ҶѪʱ򣬾ΪһűյѪεմ
Եȸ½мشΪϡ٣ֻиĻϡ
Ȼ֮ҲȷΣķ˵ЩǱڵΣգ͹ĵ£Ҳɱˡ
Ϊ֮ص¶ԽԽԽͣǰĹУ𽥽͵¶ȣ񾭺ʶʶȵ¶̫ͣѾԼܳܵķΧ֮ʱѾˡ
ǸʱѾű֮޷ָĻܣգֻܱƬĴ֮ϡ
֮ȻҲдССֲǿĹĴֱǵħʮ֮һһŵĴң
ЩС岼ķֲƬ֮ϣֵһǣһѩɽʵǿ̶ڱ֮ص˽⣬ǱڰŻ͵Ϯ֮ˡ
ǵʵǼΪǿټϤΣʵ𵱳Ҫ߳üΣǿѩɽжг
֮⣬Ҳ٣Ƕ䵥ͬκεĴ
˵֮ػһΪصĵطҲ߹Ҷıԭ
ԭһԭͬǳ걻ѩǣڲͬǣѩǰɫǺɫģ
ɫıԭ֮ϣŸָĺɫ˵ģҲ޵ģЩ֮󣬱֮ɲ֮˱
û֪ﵽж䣬Ϊ֪˶Ѿ˱Զ˱ԭ֮ϡ
ڱ֮صΪԭǱסĵطԾͽΪԭǾԵĽ
ڱԭǺɫѩƬɫＫΪĿǲˣĻڻû˻
ȻҲǴڣ֪Ϊ棬Ҫһ̽ԭľӶҲ˱
һǣ߽ԭ򣬶ʱеɵۣȻ֮ǰ˵ˣΪ뱱֮ǰһ򣬻кܶͣǣҲʵ̫˰ɣ
ֵ֮ϣ֮Уŵ˵ܹŵĵطܿˣ
Щ˹ǿ֪صľ٣ȸ½طҶ˼ŴݷǸȽˡ
Ϊ֮ص¶ʵ̫ͣͨ˺٣󲿷ֶߣеЩУӡ߱ȱȽǣĸֶ
ҶŵԺڵǰһֱô𣿡
ҲеȻҡҡͷûϴʱȻ٣ô࣬ɽˮΪѣҩץ޵֮⣬
Ҷһѵ˵Ҫʲô²ɣ
Ҹط˴һϢ
ҶʵҪʲôֻǱؾ֮·ʵ̫࣬ҲֻܼȺУŲķʽǰߡ
ʵΪżҵĵܵܣĵ飬Ҳһζ
Ҷֻܵˡ
˴Űʱ֮ҶںȻһЦΪ˶ˣ˸٣
ȻٵʵͣҲǳĸ֣ӹҶڵʶ
ҶںͺǵϣʵǷǳͨһһ٣СڹطϢȺ֮Уᱻ˷֡
ԭУȴԵøۡ
˵͵¶֮£˶ֻһĳ˿η䣬Գʵˡ
ټϺȻ±Сڹǰͦأһ·ֻѱĳޣֻǵɨ˶ԷһۣԷͻŵſڵϣôҲƶһߵķΧ֮ڣ˺޶ᾡܵԶ㣬˼ˣ˰˵Ļ֮£ͻȻճһȻעĿˡ
ؼľҶϱŵʬ壬Ȼ·ļΪʵڲУ׽䵱ֵǮƷ
Ȼ˸٣ҶǸûз˵ˣǳĸ֣Ҳκεĺ¡
˺ò׿ǰиƹݣѾΪԱ߻вϵģҡҡͷ˭Ҳȥ֣ǰɴ߳ˡ
ͻȻҶΪӾƹдһԻα񹬵ĳ֪ôôˣ


522 ˵Ϣ
񹬳
ֹҶĺģҲԼΪʲôԭлۼôȸ½ϵߡ
ֻǱô£ѵ˵ǸΪصıԭϴڵĳ
ԭҶҪֱӸȺ뿪ԭģΪԻָı⣬ʹ˸ɫȻžƹݵķȥ
ûʲôԻȻҶҪȥҲûзԣһǼ˾ƹԡ
ƹΪ֮پۼʮˣȻڵģҶȾƣֻҪϸĶԻԾվ䣬š
־֮£˵ҶˣںͺҲƹĶԻǿҶģɵҲǸ
һӹһǲ뿪˾ƹݣ˳ȥ
ò׳Ѱ˸ƫƧĵطһǲͣ˱˴͵Ϣ֮ڵó˽ۡ
֮˵ϢһϢ˵ڱ֮ص˴Ⱥ˿һֻʺᣬβѩ
һϢڱ֮صĽԭܲѩıԭҹ֮Ȼᷢɫ⣬ĳֱҪһ
Ϊڱ֮һ˵ԭסű񣬶ΪȻԼĹͱΪ񹬡
񹬾˵ÿǧųһΣ챦òĸƷ龧ʯ֮һıء
ֻҪܽ񹬣ֻһשҲ㹻һˣ
ǣ˽ԭҹ﷢ɫʹ˵һգó˱ҪϢ
Ҳ֪˭Ϣ˳ȥȻеǣǿǲȴǱУ޵ͷҪ
˵Ȼ񹬵Ĵ˵е㲻ţٴȺϢһʵԵģ˱񹬣ܹץͷҲа
ȻܹʺľβѩǾ͸ˣ
˵ˣβѩ͵ͬ࣬ԭҲֻǲ۵ڶͬеһֻ˵Ǿڣĳλʴļ䣬ӶΪ˱ޣΪͬеٮٮߡ
ǵȫ¶Ǳ˵ΪĺöʺᣬһǲȥץģΪûץԼʳβѩɾȫͬˣ
ȻΪʺᣬӵмΪǿʵԸƢȴǼΪ࣬ѣȥ࣡
һʺᣬĳЩ̰˵ֱѵԣ֮صĴˣʵǳžβѩġ
ϢҶǸ֪飬Ҳܺ⣬µʱǶڵжȹģȻл˵
ϢǵϸֳԵŭȻʶʲôβѩǶ࣬ҶޱȵӵѪеıޣԲ˺ֻβѩ
ںǵķӦȻҶ֮УҶЦǵԴģֻҪֻβѩǾͽκ˺
ſͣһڵǰ³ԣ㣬ֻҲ࣬Ҫҿ˵һɱ࣬ҾԲŹǵģ
뿪Ͽǵڵһ·ϣһǸûзֿȴûп˵ͨҶ֮ĹͨʽֱӴҶԺ
ȻǿڣǸһԲ۾źǡ
ڵܲãȻҲô˵仰֮ͱͣһͷǰȥ
Ҷ¶˸εЦݵҪɱǵͬ࣬϶Ҳе˵ģ
ڵͷ⣬ʵҲɱ࣬ȡǵʵҾ֣ʲôʱ˵ģ˵ֻеľܿ𣿡
һ̶֮ҲǴһͱֻܿԣΪΡ
ʵҶҲǲڲǱƷޣľ绹úܣȴܿ˵ֻܽԭΪӦǺֻǿǻʵĴм䡣
һʽ˱֮أҶ˵ҵĴλãڱ֮صһŮĵطԭǧء
סҪԶԭΪԭΪ֮صĽٻ˺޻뵽˵ᰲȫ㡣
Դһв㴳ԭ֮ʹŵܵܰǸ򣬵Ů䣬Ҷ
ˣҶεĿĵأŮ䣡


523 ѩɽ
ŮƣҶе㲻⣬ڵĽ֮²ס
ڱ֮Ļ£رǿǿߣĻֻоۼһܹȥĸʣˣ־ۼͱ֮Ϊ䡱еǲ˼
ŮҲΪ֮صĵ򻷾ûгУҲûз羰ȥһ޼ʣûиرĴλãƽʱõ㣬һѩܾܿϼ£ѩ˵ˣı˶п·
ˣΪֳܹһҲΪԼġ䡱֣Ͱÿܿıɽ״
ֵסۼ㣬ΪһɽһλŮһԾͳΪŮ䡣
Ůľۼ㣬֮زǧдСǧˣСҲʮˣҲǱ֮صһɫ
ɫҲֻϤ֮ص˲ף˶Ҷ˵֪ŮŮĸֱǰ߳ȥŰ֮˾ֳ·ˣ
ⲻܹûзУʵ̫ûκεĲѡһطĸ򿴣ȫһľɫͷİף
Ҫʵ죡
һ˽֮󣬼ͬʱͣ£˴˶һۺҶǻҸ򵼰ɣ
ڵͷһֱأƾѩɽץǸ򵼰ɣ
ͬ⣡
ҶͺǶǸ߾˫ͬ⣬ѩɽ֮ڱ֮ػΪǶʮϤ򵼵Ĳѡ
ǶôԶˣô֣ٲֵĻҶҪûˡ
ҶЦЦ룬ΪԭܽҲȽ϶࣬ǻ֣߰ɣ
ȷȻҶѾ߳˱ԭٶأ֮˵ʵڲʲôȻܹȺ߻᲻ʱĴǵ߾
ÿߵķ򶼲ͬȻЩ˶ϣͬУȻһޣǾβѩ˶ĻҪԿˡ
ҶڼȻҪȺѩɽԾͳٵһȥ
һչٶȶ׷ϵķΧ֮ڣһֱܳȥİأܼѾӰ֮ŷٶȣ
ʱҶڶѾȫ֪ԼεˣҲģΪŵѾӵλˣô򵼣Ҳȷĵ·
ڣ˵ʮСڵ㣬ٶȼ죬Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˹ֱԽҶǣȻתͣ¡
ܹʮˣÿ˵¶һֻģͼͨɫëҲǱ֮еһֶΪ˼ǵС
һ֣ӷǳСٶȺܿ죬Ϊڱ֮أη䣬˾ͱѱ
ǰʮˣÿһ˶׺ıδ󺺣˿̿Ҷڣ϶¶˷ܵЦݡ
ȴ֪˿ںҶǣҲʮֵĸˣ˴·ˣ
Ⱥѩɽʵʮǳ֣ߵĸǴﵽ˳ء
ʵŵȸ½вԶԶǿһЩСɺҡ
ҶڵǰΪǴ·ûȤǡ
ʵҶǲ֪Щѩɽ֮ʼոǣٳȴû֣Ϊ˶ӡ
ѩɽ˵ڱ֮أĸ֮⣬˸ǷĿŵɱҲû
ԭǿ͸Ҷһϵǳ
̰սʤһУҶһһ٣СڹǸ֣ҲֻˣԼܹʮˣĸ֣ôӦֵ
ѩɽΪ׵һһͺͺеƵĿ׳ĺ룬һָҶ˵վס
Ҷ˵ֻĿǣЦݿĵλû׼߰
΢΢һ㶣Ȼе㲻ԾҲ˲ôָ࣬˵ǽϵĶ龧ʯҩͳͳ㣬ϱŵĶŵ£ȻǾͿˣ
תͷҶ˵Ҫ򵼣ɱˣǷˣ
ҶޱĵҪм֪ŮˣҪǶ֪ĻǾһҲҪˣ


524 ʵı
ȺѩɽҶ֮ĶԻе㷢㶣һʱ֮е㷴Ӧôо˫Ľɫ˸ӦԼҪǣûҪԼ
ʱѾȻЦݿĵλ˭֪Ů֪ĻԻ֪ĻǾҪˣ
ѩɽǷӦ˹Ϊ״üëǵӡ
žž
İô󺺽Ļ³ȡˡ
ԼѾ׵ϸߵ˫֮еãȻΪ֪˭Լ
ǰһȻվԭأûƶ
ϻôٶȣԼ˲عԭ
󺺲֪Ǵ󺺲ɵܹΪɹѩɽ죬ڱ֮Ȼȡ֮
ټ֮ǰǾ޷ҶһеǳϵڲŶ֣ڰȴӰûп£Ѿ˾⡣
£ϸǲ׷ʲô¡
֮䣬󺺵Ͼͻ˸飬ЦݣޱȵУֱӴҶڹʩһλǰϢŭС۲ʶ̩ɽʵڸλǰҪŮ֪ģ
ڴ̬ʮȵĴ仯˵ѩɽˣҶڶеȻ
Ҷʵֻһˣȫɱģû뵽󺺿ͷԼ򵥣ʵȴгǸԼƾʶ˲Ծ
ڴ󺺵ƴգ۾׷׻Լ˺ˣϴݵһ
̬ȵ˲仯ΪӮ˻ĻᣬֲЦˣҶҪɱǣҲʵ²ˣֻһʶ࣬ʵ·Ҿǲ
ǣС˱֤ǰ͵Ů䣡
ʩһ֮վתͷԼµʱϵĹ˲ͻ˱壺ǻŸʲô㣬㣬ƥ͸ǰǣ
ͬԼڣѡƥȽõ͵ҶǰǶзݡ
ҶȻҲֱӷںͺȺѩɽʵʵǰ·
ȻҶ׽һ˵ߣĵλǰСĽͣλǰ֮أӦҲΪϢİɣ
ҶʵڲЩѩɽʲô飬䵭ĵǣ
ǰǵĻС˵֪βѩûĵطλǰȤĻҿԴȥ
ȻҶȷΪϢǶھβѩȻҲʶһ£ǺǣֱӽԼҶԺȥ
Ҷֻܸı˿ڷ磺βѩʲôطûô֪ģ
ѹƺ±СĵʵǱ񹬣ǾβѩЩȺûĵطԭǳƬϻ췹ԣϢȻҪͨһˡ
Ǳԭ
ҶطʱҶоͶͷҪȥΪѾȥ˵ǽصĵطеľҲóһۣǾЩغܿܶΪģڽ֮УܿĳֳǿĴڡ
ڱ֮ϢȫͱԭйأҶĺģȻ޷Ƶı˳
ǵŮ֮ʱüĻʹȥԭתת
û⡣ͷˣλǰΪʲôҪȥŮ䣿ŮֻǸС͵ľۼ㣬
͵Ļû˵꣬ͿҶĿһۣһ̺ı䣬ܵ¶ȻҪ͵Ķ࣬Ǳͷһˮ˲㱻Χ
ȻףԼʵԼͲҪˣԼæ͡
Ƭ֮Ҷȴѯʵ֪ͣ𣿡
֪һСɣѾʧܾˡ
ԭ֮أ֪𣿡
ҾͲ֪ˣǰҪȥĻСĿ˴
ҶĲ²⣬ӦþǱǰǰ֮أ˽ʬͻ֮⣬Ҳ뿴ܷйүү䡣
ʱ䣬ԼǷֿѾʱˣԼǵãʱ뿪ʱүү˵֮ٲĻ궼ˡ
ʱ쵽꣬ԼҲ˽ҩԱҪӿ첽ҵǡ

Ҷ˵ͷû˵
һ˱ųĬɫĴ֮ϣǰȥ
һ֮ǰȻʮСڵ㣬Լٶ֮
ҶãȻźԶȴĿһȺˣͳһķװҲһִɫĸͷ䣬Ӧĳˡ
ȺˣҶû⣬ȻǾԽԽҲܿʱɫȴһ䣬æҶڵλǰ


525 ŭ֮

Ҷͬʱŵɻʵ
ͽĵ¼ҵˣǵﲻйأǼҵˣȹλ˵ɣ
֮عĴ˵ħռһ֮⣬ʣľһյĴҡ
һңȻܹɷͥ񣬲ӵżΪʵ͵̣ڱ֮У¼ҵĵλϵġ
ѩɽ¼ҵˣȻǲҵˣֻҶڶ¼ȴûʲôо˵˵ݺ͵λȸ½ܹˣĲࡣ
أʵ˸еǳķУˣ͵ѣȴȻϣ̩ɽȤעԼԽԽȺˡ
ȻҲǿﰵһû¶ĸˣھȻ¼ҵӣԼԺԿǸˣ
ҶڲֻԼǣסƥԴ£Ӷ΢΢̬ȼΪ
¼ҵĶҶ˵ǰٶ˿δȻ׼ҶˣֱҪȥ
Ϊ֮ǸòΪӢӣΪǳأŵľȻһͷѩ׵ıӣڼ۵֮ϣûҶڣɫһ䣬зһߣͻȻ־һӰ˦
ٶȼ죬ڿзХ֮ͬһ㣬Ҷڵϳ˹
Ҷıžˮˮ̬ȣ׼޶˵¶ˣԼͣ¼˹ȥˣȴû뵽¼˾ȻˣԼڲȻñԼˣ
Ϊߵˣ޷һޣұ֮ϲ̣еĻ׵ľͻᱻ˺һƤ⣡
ӱ֮˵Ͳ󣬵СС;Ȼ˴ĳҶв˷кŭ⣡
ȻӦ¼ҵˣԼͷŻŰ裬ˣҶѾüˣӢڵڵɽȣǣҶκεĿ
ҶһЦ̧ΪĻ˻ӣǸıӾͻȻ

ӱ޵˶ʱоһɴ˳űӴԼУûӦѾӱӵıϵ
ڱڱ֮Уٶȼ죬ټҶõҲǲС֮£ֱԵԴеƣԴ£ݺݵײ˵ϡ
֮Ȼѩ¶̫ͣɲһһӵɵѩǼӲı档
һײȥȻӲĽʵıײһ޴ѷ죬ȻԴ֮ҲǱһ˿ڣѪע
ײʵ̫˶ʱ͸ײˣֱͦͦˤڵϣȻûлԣӲ
ͻȻıʣѾгȥʮ׵¼˶ʱзٵĺХ֮׷סµת˷żĳص˺үүû°ɣ
͵Ҳɵˣǿ֪¼ҵʵ˼¼ҵˣҲÿͿġ
ҶȻ¼ҵ˸ˣ⻹˽⣡
ৡһеѩɽŲԱߣԼ˺Ҷ֮ľ룬ܵǣ⵽¼ҵı
¼ȴ˲ֳһΧס˰ڵҶˣһſڵϵĶү
ְ˽ŵĽ˸үүôˣ
˵תתڻعȻʹҲ˲ϯȫæסԴ˵Ĳأأɱɱǣ
˵Ļ£ΧסҶ˵¼˶˵Ȼ̾ͷ˹䣬ֺɼƽѵء
˵ʵȻҶ¼ҵ˷ǳĿ˳ۣίʵҲûϵЩ˵Ĺ֮졣
û֣ҽѭȥ͵֮УѾΪֱӲڵء
Ҷǳ׵ŭˣȻѩɽ˸ûһϵҲν¼˾Ȼ˲ף˵ʹɱ䣬ΪҲʵ̫Եˣ
һɱЩ˺Լֻ·ͬĻ̫޹ˣ
Ҷŭһ˻һǹţһסǹǹͷָһǹϢıһѷĩǰֱǹ֮˵ֱ۶촷ۣҽУȻأ
ס֣
ҶĿжȻһȣҰȻڿγһۿɼˣͬӿ˳һ㣬˹ȥи̺ޱߵϣ
֮еĵڶŭ֮


526 µĳͷ
֮ħսȻҶֻܷٷ֮һҲһ־˵
һŭ羪ǿˣֱȫβԵڵأÿ˶סԼؿڣΪڷڣʱгĿܣ
Ϊ͵һЩˣѾѪǱ
𾪵ıÿ˵Ѹٸ֣Ȼ˭Ҳţ˾Ȼܹǿʵ
̧ͷҶͬһһ߸ϣ˿¶ȵĴÿһ˵ӹͣλүϣ
ȻүѾʶ˱ȻżͷСɵŰԸȴʱԾΪҶɱԼ¼ҵˣȻŬͦţҪҶӡ
Ҷ𣺡֪֪ΪʲôҪɱ㣿
үŲӵ¼ҶүҪǸɱңұ֤ͬ飬еˣ
žž
ȶү˵꣬ҶѾݺ˦˶Էϡ
λ¼ҶүҪҶͬͼ˵Ϊ룬вҶӶ֤Լƽȴ֪Ҷ޵ľ£Ȼ
⼸İڵϵң֪ԼǰƣҶûȫ
ܹλү͵ﻹ˵ĳ죬Ҫ֪ƽԼ˿û¼ҵҶƵҲΪԼ˿
ۣ
үſڽѪѪ֮дһѶѵķĩеݣȻҶƸķ顣
ʱ¼ҵЩҲûһվΪǵĶү˵ˣȴҲǼΪİﲻԲ
Ҷ֮󣬽ŶԶүССͣĳ˴ҽղɱ㣬պ󻹲֪ж޹֮˻У
ǣҶ̧һɨ¼˵ǲǳ¼֮⣬˵ǵﶼͬһ㣬ײɱ죬ҾҲһ£Ͼʲôζ
΢棬ѵˮȻŵѩɽֻԼǰһ£ȻͿҶ
ʲô˼Ҫɱôֻصˣ
һתͷЩ˲ʱŵɫɷףΪе¼ˣȻԾɱŵڵص̬ȴȫѾˡ
ǸеǣȴһûǾ¼ҵĶү
үڵϣңλ֮ϣܹһ˿˿ڲϵðƤһСһٶȷǳĻ
һĻٴ͵̲סͬʱ˸ΪǶ׹ҶȻûɱλүǶĳͷȴɱҪ£
ү֮ڵĳѾ׷飬Ҳ޷ʹҶֹ⽫ͬһСףͻһй¶
һй¶ϣүҲͳ׵ıһͨˣӦ˵ǷˣӴ֮޷֮·ҲҶܹõһѪ
ȴҲҪʱһ㣬ΪһʧȥΪΪˣڱ֮Ļ֮УʱŲ͵ñ
ҪĿԼһĸֱɷˣȻҪİɫϣı
ֳͷһ˶벻
ѵҲ
Ҷһ仰ѾŵùǺ͵̻عæվæҵľҪ̤ϸԵ׼Ҷ뿪
ȻҶֿ˿¼ЩɫĸͷͶүƥɫıӵܵӦñɣ
æͷѩѩѾˣٶȱҪĶ࣬ѩԸ꣬ԼԦ
ܲҶ˼¼ܹʮˣҲʮƥ˼ȻѾˣЩҲǿϧ˵ҲΪ˷ֹүת¼ңҶҪ
ˣѩǰѩѩ
ڹһЦѩƢ꣬ҵСϸ첲ȵģһˤɾˣɣ
Ҷһ˿ЦݣƢꣿ
ںǰƢ
͵˵Ŀɿڴ֮УΪƢ꣬ԼԦѩȻͬһֻ͹һԹԵߵҶǰſӣȻҪҶﵽԼϡ
һԵĺĿѩһۣҲԸ·ֱӴıһԾʮ׵ľ룬һͷѩϡ
ͷѩһѾ¶˾⣬ȴûκε
Ҷѩ͵˵ʰɾǰǣ


527 ʱ
ҶںͺǴ߶ǰȥʱںȻڵҶûз֣¼ҵЩˣǸʲôƨү֮⣬϶һɱ֮
ҶͷҸоˣЩһսþɳֺޱȣû˿֮ģȸ½вЩһеӵˣǿʵ̫࣬ҲΪˣҲŻɱǣȻʼջǸ
ǰ֮ضӵĻ뺷磬ͨˣҲҪսĶ࣬˵ˣ¼ܹΪĴ֮һСơ
Ҷ֪ԼЦЦǰģҿǶ¼ҲûʲôøУɱ¼ˣҲǸһ棬Ӧ֪ʬ𼣣¼Ҳ֪Ϊ˵֪ˣҺΣ
ҶھͬĴһǳϲȻҲϣ֮·ܹƽ˳ԲŻ˹ġ
СӣԽԽˣȷſʱ
ʮͣصľ磬֮ҶʵǸĪ⣬ڶ޷͸
˶ûʸĻôûиҿˡ
ҪǣҶĿֻԱ˵ˣѣܹ߲嵶ߣƽ׽ˡ
ǰ˵Цˣ
˵Ҷ£
ǰ˵
ǰʵģȻҴΪүүұҴҲС˼꣬룬һүүҲְɣ
үү

ڵĴЦУһһ٣ͬһֻСڹƬѩ֮нԶȥ
βǣæŴЩѾ¼˵ѹŶ
ɵĻΪǵıְ죬ͬʱһ߸Żһ߶ҧгݵ֣ʱʱĻߵ¼λүߣݺݵϼţ
ΪλͬҲ¼˵С
յĶ㲻Ǻܿٿ񰡣
ģӣȻɱֵܣȻҾʹϸ
ܿ죬ʬ϶ѹεĸɸɾʬϴĺö
һӣеʬӽڣ̧ͷ˿ɫˣˣһҪѩˣѩ֮ͣһۼῴġ
ͣͻλƵ¼Ҷү˹ȥЦĵүҿԶ֮ˣղ˵Ҫ⣬;Բֻ飬ˣȰҰѰǸɾˣ
үǲ˾֣ȻɫĽŵǱң֪ѩɽǸҶҵĻұ֤Ҹ׽֮صѩɽȫһ
ͿŶүĿ⣬ˡҡҡͷǸ۲۵ķ֮£㲻ӦвңӦң˵ҽͻȥҰ¼ҴһϢҴı꣬Ҳһῼǿǣϧϧķǲ뵽Щģ
Զŵڸ˶ү֮󣬺ݺһͱĿڣʬҲкŴʣµѩɽѩ׷Ҷȥˡ
ҶǲδԶҪ·һٺɢĻǱ˵ҵŮˣȥ·һܹҵ
һҶǰͽһöռĵݸҶǰ¼ϵж
Ҷûֽǿͣ΢΢һЦ¼Ҷүı꣬ȥ¼ҴһϢĻô
仰һ˶ʱԼѪҺ˲䶼Ѿסˣ
ǸղͶ¼Ҷү˵ĻȻҶȻһֲ˵˳ôܣ
ž˵͵ˣҶѩԴǰȥЩ͵ǵıˣŰɣ
˵ĶУǾѹҶıӰ˵ǾŽӣ˰Ҹղû˵ҶǵĻ֮⣬ҶǵеĵλҲֱ
˵֮ǰӦΪҶ·Ű·ʹô뷨Ѿ׵ʧˡ
ع˴߶׷ȥʹĵǰһҪ±ѩˣҸطһܡ
ѩΪʲôҪܣ
ҶǵԼСʱѩһ㶼ǹ꣬ѩҲǺ˵ʱ
ѩᣬϵľһ㣬׷ĴΪһ׵£ʱԼͻֵܽǳ嵽ѩУѩ̶ѩˣ֮Ȼûͯ棬ѩҲһֱĸое㲻ףΪʲôѩҪһܣ


528 ܷѩ
¶Цһʱ֮䲻֪ôش𣬱ϾڶҶǳη壬ҶĺһԼ˵һ仰ΪԼɱ֮
ѾشҶ֮صѩǰѩǽȻͬ־󣬾ҾͲ˵ˣһԼʶˣڻ͵ĻҸطһܰɣ
áҶͷ˿һ޼ʵܵҲûеطɶ㰡
һЦǰܱѩһѩѩݡ
Щ֪ʶҶȫ⺺ˣ͵ǾḻҶֻܸǵ
ֻ͵˾ԭͣ˿ʼóڶüʵıиһ鷽ѩש
Ȼһ˿ʼЩѩשиʣµѩשĵϷڿӡ
ȻЩ£ټֶߣԶܿ죬ʱʱ䣬Ѿһ׵խ¿ԲѩݣȫѩשһĶɣѩĵ£Ҳڳһʮƽľ޴ѩ
ǰ¶ȵͣһṦѩשȫ̵һ𣬾ǳڵһ·籩ٴҲƷѩȽΪƽأױԽڿѩС
Ƕѩѩ֮Уȵѩ󣬾ͿԳˡ
ѩݺѩҶͷҲԵķпӦǼǿȻһַʽܱѩ
ڼ˵ĹͻȻ̧ۿ˿ߵϾҪѩˣǰǿȥɣ
ҶͷȽȥɣ
ǰأ
ҿѩǼѩʲô𡣡
ش͵Ŀ࣬ȴǹЦߣǽȥʶʶɣ
Ȼѩܿ£ҪҶ˺ҲǼܵ£Ȼġ
үү鷳㽫ִȥ
ҶֽʬڵϣȻ֣ؽӹѩݡ
εĲ˵ʵ͵˶Ǻ漫ˣ֮ԻҶ֣ҲΪĺ֪Ⲽ֮еװʲôȻܹӵɲ֮Ҷӡ
ǵȻûеѯʣҶ˵
ȫѩ֮УֻҶһվ⣬̧ͷա
ڲ磬ȴѾģɫܲס˹âǰڰһһֲָ
Хһķƾͬĵһ쳣Ȼ޷Ҷǲ·壬Ǵ̹ǵĺȴ˳Ҷſǧëӿ˽ȥ
Ҷʵ⺮Ϯ֮£Ҳɵô˸
ԽԽͬһմ֮ӿХŭţѾʼżӲıꡣ
Ȼ⻹ֻǰ࣬ʵľͷһߴ׵ķڿٵϯ
ƬƬѩʼӿ£ǺҶϤѩͬѩȻ
һƬѩмأȻʲôҲ̫ĸоǵǧƬѩ޾ĸ߿֮£һԵϵʱǸоɾʮֵˣ
ҶԼʱǱһӣЩѩǴӣ಻ϵԼûţڽǼʵĵ涼ʼֹѣһצ˷Ӷȥ
ȻǴͬ
һѩ֮ҶȻ˳˵ϣЩѩϣգ۵Ĺ򣬾ͽȫǣȥͬһѩһ
ͬʱҶʶȴȻ򿪣ϵЩѩ֮С
һɫҶǰ
Ҷ֮ԲȥܱѩҪվһ£һȷʶ±֮صѩͼѩʲôͬȴͨıѩԼʵ
ҲκҶ뷨Ϊˣǲ֪Ҷܹ֮۳Ϊڿֲ˳֮и֮ҲҶʶˣԽȻ֮УԽ׸ᵽ֮
ȻĻ֮ǼΣյ飬ǸҶôΣյľҲڵ
ʱ˿̣Ҷȫ񶼳˳ʶ֮еɫ統Уܷѩ죬ԶΡȻ
ɫ磬Ȼѩ磬еĵͬѩ֮дڵľȻһֵ͸澧壡
澧ڿٵתţǵתǵ֮лһɹɰɫ壬תһٶȵʱЩͻᱻͷųȻټۻͷţͣЪظ̡
ְɫ壬һ˵ĺ⣬ȴҲǼΪѵõĴ


529 
ѩݵѾʹסˣһȺ˴Ｗѩ֮УСѩֻںͺǣԼʬ塣
ںͺһɣһſ¡¡ķѩ֮оʮֵ⡣
Сʵǰ費ҪλǰҲⳡѩеҪĶ࣬治ʲô°ɣ
˫Ժ󣬴ֵĵ˵ǱѩˣƶҲùȥɣ
Ȼڶô˵ˣҿһһ˷ɵ̬ȣȷʵҲ˿ҶӣȻҲ˵ʲôˣֻܸͬǼһĵĵȴⳡѩȥ
ѩһһҹʱȥ漸Ѿû˶ͲСĽѩݵ˿һ˿϶ȥ˿ȷϱѩѾ֮ͣŴڣ˳
࣬ڣǳһסһʮվһţĵǰԶһȶα
ֻкǣ֮󣬶˶壬ɨ˱һۺ󣬱µѩϣʵ̫ˣ
еȻҶˣڱѩһһҹ籩ѩͽϵѩ˱
ͻعָűڽͰ͵ĵǰ
ںȻƴЦҡͷСӣһʱ䶼˷ѣȻڱѩҲǵŰɣʲôʱѹʲôʱټ·

ǽԼû˵Ļ˳
ϻĻʲô
仰֮Ҳ۾ʶȴǿʼɢΪҶ
͵ڶҶֱͶˣôıѩԼǶ㶼ȻҶǵ㣬ڱѩݵʶʵԶˣ
ҶȷڳԼδͨѨ
ҶǰϿǵʱ򣬾ѾʼͬʱͨӭѨѨȻ֮дͨӭѨѨȴʼδͨ
ڱѩȫǣʶǸɫ֮͸ܵѩ̺֮Ĵ
Ҷڴ֮У˺֮ڴ֮Уо˴صѩ֮յ˱֮
Ѿõһ˸ȷĴ𰸣
޴ڣǵβģ
Ҷʳ⣬ôܸ϶Ĵ𰸡ؼԶʧʵؼڵÿһֶҲãҲգͬʱҲ
һϢḶ́
ˮǳȵҵĻ𣬻Ʈݵķ磬޾ĺڣѩ
𰸣ҲҶһ˸֮Դ
֮ʵˮˮ֮Ȼˮת֮Դ֮Դڷ
ֻҪܹ֮ܵеֻҪܹΪãֻҪܹٽЩΪô͵ӵ˳еǿֱӽؼ֮
ʵҶڶս񵶵ʱ򣬾ͳɹĽϵ֮ϧȴҲʩչ
ڵУԶɮĺһεĳɹϵ֮ǫ֮̈̄гֶȲѣΪҶѾ׵ӵڳֵȨ
ʵȻмһѭ򽥽Ĺ̡
ս񵶵ʱҶֻǾһƳĿ֮
Զɮʱ֮ţ
̨ʱţ
ֱڣʽţ
һ̿ʼҶȻȻǳսȴʽ˳ֵУ
Ҷѩ̰űǵıѪ֮УѪľһԲĹһ߲ܵκζʲôԡ
ͬҲ߸飡
Ϊʲô˵һǰߵḶ́Ϊʲô߽׵߶ܵıܶõͽ׵֪
ԭ
ӡ֪ˮĻ֣˵ֻд򲻴𣬶֮ʱҲֻܵմȸߵԼΪ
֪Щ֣ܻǲãȻ֮УţǼĿܻŬѰĳһԵգǵ֮·ˡ
ֻе˳۳֪˳֮󣬲пȥȥ֪ҳĳԵ
ܹһģҲֻܹպԼһµ
Գֻȥ֪ջ֮˫ԵģǸ֪ձ
֮⣬ԲԵ
ǣ׼Ҷȴȫˣ


530 
֮ҶתѪ֮ѨλãͨѨ
Ѫ˴ı֮ԺԴ˾ֶһԡ
Լ⣬ʼʱҶе㵣ĺ£Ϊ޷ȷԣųֳԽԽ࣬ԼҲȥˣҲʶ˶ʵһĺ¡
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ҶѪеѾˣľԣˮԣԣԣԣڰԺͱԣ
ԣ˵ȥԻûţʵ
Ҷ֮ã͵˲ͣԶԶĲ鿴ǲѾˡ
Ͼѩ֮¶ȱԭֽ˺ö࣬Щѩɽж˿ʼоˣ֪Ҷ˲ԲȵľͶڱ֮ϣ鸲ǵ£ʵ˲òǷ񻹻š
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䣬ȻὫҶˡ
ҶרעӣҲڿһ£ǵҪҪڵ֮УͰͬʱͷųĳ˵
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ʵҶף֮ԲᣬǲϣҶͰΪҡ
ҶͰĹϵ˶Ŀãʵʵ֪֮˱˴ྐྵȻûжԵĻôпܻ˵вҡ
պע˻ǵˣô˭ϣʱԽԽá
ǰ𣬳񾡵ԸǾԲκεа֮¡
ڰȻڣ³ҲҪҶ֪ھڿǣԼǷҪ˵
ʵڲ֪ҶͰִɽʱ򣬱˴˾Ѿ˵һǶǵĻݾǹ֮Ĺϵ
ҶԼΪܵѪӰ죬ӶһˣôһĻϣܹɰɱԼ
ҲǵʲõĴӦҪ
˵˵Уʵ϶ѾǵһĽ
˼ʱͻȻһ޵ı𣬶ԴǴҶϷġ
һھͳ嵽ҶߣΪҶ߻ħˡ
Ҷ״̬֮ǰȴû˿ĲͬеɻѵԼղˣ
ˣҲʹˣٵȵȰɣ
ǴŵʱڵĶУȻҲˡ
ڿ˺һۣһŶѩǳë֮УȻ˿ġ
ҶôˣȻǲ֪ҶʲôǶֱʵ̫Ϥˡ
ȻǴҶڵһѨλɹͨ
Ѩͨ
ҶһεԼ̧ͷƬϤǿա
ԣ
ҶͻȻ۾Ƭǿ֮ԶһźɫǣԼĺ֮Ҳͺࡣ
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ҶգҲգעλǿмĺɫǣŶϴԼĺ֮ģ֮иоһȵ
ǵģźɫǣԼ꣡
۾ҶѾ뿪Ǵâ֣ӵȪۡźʹŵĵط
ȻҶѾкüˣÿһΪĳ֣ȻҲÿһµ͸ԽԽһ޽еķݡ
һΣȪ۵ĺҲͬµڳ֣ǵˣѾ֮ǰڵ
ʢʻλڴŵ࣬ӭչ˱ǡ
ǡҶԥŵӭѨ֮ͨγɵİɣӭѨȻѨڱʶ֮ѨҲҪԴ֮ͨҲӦְ︡ɣ
Ѿڵʻ֮⣬һƬ͵Ĺâԡ֮£һССķĸ֣λȪۣ֮󣬿ǿһ
ҶοĿ𽥳εķ䣬гԺ֮УΪһжͨԼһĽġ
Уָ˲֮ҲȻ֣ϲ㣬ӣͨѨ
ڿ𣬶ҶҲѾԾĹڵأš
ѨȻʶϳбʶӭѨʶѨѨǳҪˣ֪ûдͨӭѨеĻȻãûеĻôҾͽͨӭѨֻΪӭѨѨҾˡ
ʶ֮ʶʶʶʶѨλΪңʣʶʶѨλͱȽˣҲ㣬ҪԼһͨʶ֮һһЩΪѵõܣѪڡ


531 ̬ת
ҶȦӣһֱڲֹͣ𣿲ܰɣ˭ʱԼɱأ
һʱΪҪմӿ֮£γһεӣȻǺǿٲᱻϾѩᣬ¶ٵͣҲҪһ̣Ҫһʱġ
ĲӿͲѩжʱ䣬ԶҶɱȻʵ޷š
ʵ͵뷨ǶԵģ֪ҶյĲͨǱ
ԴЩ
תһȦҶʱͻȻҶ۾
ŵ鲻Խĵһȴһ㶣ΪҶİ֮£Ȼ˵ᱻôڱоȻܹ۾
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ڿһĻҲ̲סд档
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⼸һֲ̬ܵת
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˵ͨ׵㣬ǿߵʣ
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һҶҲСĵĽʬ屳ϣŮķȥ
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Ҷһ˼ˣѩڱ֮غټ𣿡
ǵģ֮޵ಢܹ࣬ĸֻô֣ͨģѩ߼㣬ѩںܸ߼ˣϡ٣һҲֻĴ֮еݵ˲ʸˡ
ҶĻԼץѵҲ𣿡
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Ҷüͷһ壬һЦĴǹܵûǿ
Ҳǣ޵Ͼ¾ͲܣҪǵ޵ƹۺħ޵ĺ¼ңǹܵ΢㡣
Ҷһû˵ѩȻ׼ѩ
죬ҲֻܽͱϣʵҶǺģһҶΪѩº¼ٷͻʱԼֻͬǰһۡ
ҵҶҲͬҵ
һĬĬڱѩ֮УΪ·;ȽԶҲߣ԰͵Ĺƣ·һ˳ûбѩ֮ͻĻҲҪʱܵ
ڿҶһֱԥҪҪȻ֣Ҷеƺڿʲôһ
Сӣû°ɣ
Ҷ̧ͷЦҡҡͷû¡
ȻҶ˵û£ôȻҲʣɲҶû¡
ʵҶȷ£ΪѨĴͨһ˿Ѩ뵽Ѫ֮УչѪӦԶ򿪣ųµĸķˡ
ȻҶҪܻںͺǣﻹʮѩɽ뽫Ѫܱ¶ǵǰ
֪ᴫȥܻܿԼҪ鷳ԼҲܲΪ˱Ѫܣͽȫɱڡ
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ѹʵ̫ѣǺϴѹİϧʱͬһԵܹоѪ֮оȻһ󣬾ڷţҪͬסš
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ҶûģȻкüβѹơ
Ҷﲻɻô£ѵ˵αͷųģһİϧ׷ǻҪǿ


532 ˲
ѪʮеһǹѺųķˣİϧͰ׷ǣֱѪһ͵ڶ죬ǳصľ硣
ȻҲͬǳء
ҶŻеɻαѪͷųĺܴǵķˣôΪҲᳬأΪʲôμͷų˻ӵǿأ
ҶоԼеѹƲסѪˣ̧ͷǡÿԶһʮ׸ߵСɽæ˵һ£ȥȥ
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ȻֻͣҶ˲Ѿ㵽ɽ֮Ӱʳһûӵ⣺ڼɣ
仰Ȼ˵ıӣҶߣѾҪʳȫ߲ͷ¶Ϊṩ֧֣Ȼڼһ˵
ڸûдֻעСɽǺոһ⣬Ҵǿ
ڵʱھѾʶҶٻӵˣȻЩ˱ҶԲµĳҶϱȻʲô챦ڣӦþٻһ
Ծѩë֮УҶ˽ԶκˣϰΪˡ
˫ͬȴǲͣÿ˵ӹʱ˸ȥҶҪȥ͵һµĻôͻԥĳסˡ
Ҷʱĸоȷڼе񣬱Сɽ֮ȷᱻ˿ͼɴɿԼסѪ
һĿĺͬʱһӰҶǰ
һʮӣһ£ʮֵţϴº͵Цݣ࿡ʣ˫Ŀƣ⻪ת
ͳŶԷĳʣҶҲɵú˸ʣͻȻ۾͵ɴüͷҲšһΪ֣ʵˣȻ״̬ӵ壡
Ѫ֮гˣ״̬ΪǵĻ˵Ҷ򿪵Ѫ̫֮ͨխҲȶ޷ֻ֣ҶϵĿټӹͨǵŻ𽥵Ĵ
ĿǰѾ˿ԴֱѪˡ
Ȼڣˣǵһ뿪ѪȴȻֱܹӴԼͳˣȻҶޱȵľȡ
˵ĿͣҶϣ΢΢һЦ˵ͻȻ֮䣬Цϣ۾ɴüͷ𣬾Ȼ˺Ҷһģһ仯
˴ﾭĻͻῴһʮصΣƵǿˣֱ𱣳̬֮ͬʯһվԲ
ջҶȻعҲΪʲôԷҲԼһ˵ľȣֻĿһԷҲѹ
˻عȴͻȻһӳ嵽Ҷǰ¶֮ɫ
Ҷһ֮ѿڶ֮أ
֮أ֮ء
˵ͷз߶ĸ֣ϵĽ֮ɫǵ٣ԽԽŨ
Ƭ֮ͻȻ˫סԴʹĶ׵˵ϡ
ҶæֹȥҪ֪ԷΪŬĳֹȥļ䣬Ѫµӡ
ȻҶƻûԷ壬͸оһǿĺ⣬۳ʵʰԼӿ˹
ǡ֮Ҷȵķ֣Լһ˫֮ϾȻѸٵĽһ㱡ı
ǿı֮
ǽ֮ǰҶҲҪ𣬵ڵȫҪ˫һʧ
ҶȴҲȥԷˣջֵ㲻ҪˣѪɣ
Դĵ˵ͷʹ֮ɫȻղҪļ䣬Ѫӡĳͷ
ҶͻѪ֮Լһε˳˼
˺أֱܹ״̬뿪ѪʵȷǼߣɢܹ˲˶ɱĺ⣬ܾܿǵ졣
ȻİϧͰ׷Ҳ죬˾ͬ壬İϧͰ׷ûУͷųʵȻżĲ
Ҷֿ˿ܣ֪ΪΧĻŻôżѯԼʲôط
ӵǿıԣְֶѩϤĸожϳȥӦҲƵǧ⣬ѩƮĵط
ļ䱻ӡκ˶Լļ䶼ǲĥģԵϤĻʱȻᴥЩӡļ䡣
Ȼʲôû֪ҶҲżֻҪٹʮʱֿԽǸص˷ųʱӦһжˡ


533 Ů
Ҷص˶֮УȻҲûȥѯղʲôˣ˼Ůķǰ
·Ҳûٷʲô飬ȻҲ˼֧ѩɽĶ飬ǵѩɽҶƥѩ֮Ҫô͹ԹԵԶʧˣҪôͬ¼һ
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ЩҶڸûзϣǶ͵˵ȴŲһĸо
Ϊѩɽ˺޹׷ɱ۸û˵﹧ֹԴں¡
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ȻͽЩ˶˻ȥԼʵҲͬ뷨ĿҶչֳǿʵ֮׷ҶΪԼպҵ˸ʵĿɽҲǸа·ˡ
һ˳ĻЩ굱ѩɽĶ㹻Լ̤̤ʵʵĹ°뱲ӣû׼Ҹϱӡ
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֮һƽµŮ丽
Ҷע⵽ˣ֮صĵʵ𽥰θߵģʼʱһ޼ʵѩԭԽ룬ҲԽԽߣȥѾԿʾͷֵ಻ѩɽ
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һѩɽɽվߴϸȷеŮһѹᱻΪŮ䡣
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Щ˶Ǿסѩ֮УѩҲǳʻУԶԶȥһȦһȻΪ˷ޡ
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֮ص˽ѩݵԼļңԶǾܵĽѩݵĴ㣬ҲǮиһУҶһ·ļۼеѩݣʮֵĿ
ҶָǼСѩݣѯʣͿһۺϴʱ򣬴ǰˣû⼸ѩݣӦ½ģΪʲôôСǰ֪֮أԽǿԭĵطԽǼʵиѶҲԽеʵˣֻܽСѩݡ
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˵Ҷˣںͺֵʱж¶һΡ
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534 
˵ⷬʱ¶ԵźϧɼжҲǷһ㡣
ҶĬ⻹һ˵¼ҲǴĳϣû뵽ǸأԹȻӵ˵Ĺȥ
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Ҷ׼Ů䣬ҵܵܵʱһԵںȻĵе㲻Ծ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ٴηۿŮ䣬һҲ˲Ծĵط
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ҶжȻһ⣬ֱӴѩıԾ£ͬһһ㣬Ů䡣
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ҶԴһϤϤҶ۾Ļζ֮£һͼԺ֮г˳
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ԷԼţ֣ҶҲǿŶ룬ֻٴ¿ڵ𣿡
Σ˷Ӧ͵͵˭
Ҷԥһµ˼ңҽҶѡ

ڵֵʱ̷ų˲ָഺһһɨղŵ㲣һ˴֮һѾͽŸˡ
ʱҲˣߣǰһϵңͰ㻹ǲǵã
ȻλȴǸûһһ˫ǵ۾ϵĿܣҶ֪ѰֻܽŵϵûлŮ俴
Ҷһ֮γѰعȻԵʧ֮ɫȻסҶֵСô滹ðɣʲôʱ
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еҶֻûһһش𣺡ܺãҲܲӦҲˡ
ããǾͺãͷۿ֮оȻԼỨ
˵ĶԻϹˣһ۵Сۣ֪Ҷ˵ĵ滰ǼٻȻҲʡ
ͻȻôˣҲʶԼʧ̬æ̧˲۾ԲסԲסǼЦˣ죬ᣬ˰ɣ
˵ͬʱҲͣף㲻ǸҲ˰죬ݰɣ
һЦϵ㻹ǵҰٺ١
զܲǵأϴôණǻûüллͲˣһҡ
ʲôлģǶδѾãȻδܰ£Ҳǵң
Ͳ֪ϵⷬԻѾ׵ĸıҶĿе
ͽŵϵôˣôһ˶ӣ׳أȥˣ
һ仰ϵոһЦݵӿһƣͻȻءĿ޳ǣǶץˣ


535 
ݺϵȻоһ˳ԼĴ˹̧ͷǰԳѵˣº͵Цŵϵģ׷ʲô£˵˵Ӧܰǵġ
ⷬͬһůϵƺ̲һ漣ϵĶʱ
ϵȻΪͣôҲߣʶǰҶˣ϶λ֣Ҳа취ܹԼЩˡ
뵽ϵӿϣ
ʱѩҲ˿ŵȻĶġ
ϵٴβᣬĳѩе˺ҿλССѣСǵģ
ǣе˶ѩ֮˳ǣҶüͷȻΪЩ˻϶ˣҲ긾Ůһӣһ⣬ΪǼͣߵĲֻӡأҲ࣬һ𲻳ʮ
ЩϵĻ׷ӿÿ˵ϣһĶǴ˷ܺͼ
ϵҶС磬ߣȽݣλϸ磬Ҳʹˣ˿ɾ鷳ˣѽ⻹ֻСأСһݵĶɹˣﻹе⣬ȽȥҸŪԳԡ
ϵΪϸ硱ȻڣСȻǺˣ
ҶĲ֮£һ߽ѩݡ
ȻŻ¯¯𶼿Ϩˣ¶ȲߣҶϵ£ȻŸ͵ͣȥŪ㶫㡣
ڼҵʱ򣬶ҶҲ𣬲ľȻŮ䣬ܿľͷҶ֪νŪֻܷԸ͡
ʹӦһӻͳһƿӣߵ¯ӱߵһʲôȥҶˣӦǶ֬
¯Ļʵ̫΢ˣЩ֬ȥǵûн¯ѹ˻档
е㲻˼ԼŻʯʱҶ̧һһŻֱӷɽ¯ӡ
䡱һ˲ȼܵĻ綼ܵݶˡ
һԵ̲ס͵Ц鼶¯ӣǻʵıﰡ
Ҷ¶һ֣ȴϵ͸ո߽ӵ˵ð˹⡣
еڶˣϵվٴ֣صĽһҶ˵ݣȻ׼ȥŪʳӲǸҶסˡ
ǸǿЦõſڵϣϵⷬģȴǽˡ
Ϊ˱Լѯй飬Ҷڵλѣͦõģֻһʱֲ֮е£ǣղϵ˵Ӧó飬˵Ķץˣ£⾿ô£
ҶĻո£˵Ͼ¶˸ָı飬зŭʹ࣬ίаԹ
ϵȥ˵˳
ĺúõģΪϢǵ˷츲صı仯
ҶڶһۣϢȻָľβѩͱ񹬣
ϢһϵûУͻȻһ죬һȺˣﷲӡϵ˶ץˣ
ΪʲôץˣȺʲôˣҶüʵ
ϵȻǼߣ޺޵һŵҲ֪ĸɱǧ⣬˵Ȼԭ޷룬ǿԴӱԭ濪ʼڵصһֱڵԭ·û׼ֱڵ񹬣Щ˾ͳץӡϵˣȥ䵱͹ȥڵص
һŵ汲˭֪ԭǽأ񶼷ɲȥ¿϶ҲʲôرţһȥﻹܻŻ
ҶûȥοǣΪղ˼Ϊ̶֡
ҶԾɫƽʵϵЩָĶ˭
С磬㲻Ǳ֮صˣ㲻֪Ǳ֮عĴ
ϵĻû˵꣬ѾҶĽӹȥץ˵ǲǺƹۺ¼ҵˣ
ԶԶԣңС֪
֪ҶͷǱץ߶ˣ
ˣҲ֪ΪĶΪ̫͵ģҿԭҪȥҲȥˣҪСھͺˣڵĻЩŮץˣ
ҶϵļοȻûܸϻҲ𣡷İɣϵһ취ǵģˣĵܵأ
ϵȻӵߣֽŶʼ£һʱ֮䶼޷˵ǸղſλҲץˣ
ҶɻĵҲץˣ°
¼ҵ˵ˣΪߣ±ˣܶУڵصýţ
¯֮ڵĻͻȻٴδܳߣȵ¶ȾȻ˲ѩݿʼڻҶУһȼյŭ


536 Ҷڴţ
°ܶˣȻҪȥ͹ȥڵص
ֱ˷ָ
Щ˺ҶûκιϵҶ֪飬ҲԹۣοǶףĵܵܣ
ΪԼѾԼ˵ʲôҲҪŮˣĵܾܵȳ
Ů˶ԾĿҶܹĸܵҶɢǹŭ⡣
ϵС磬С磬ȱȻСѣ϶ҲǺˣȻҲܰǾȳץߵЩˣǲϣ㱻ǣȥˣһ˾ܶԸ˵ģǺϼƺϼƣû׵İ취
⵹ʵҶںͺǾǿҲܾƾܶԿ
ҶȻŭǲûçײϵĻͷλģзִģɣȥתתܲҵڵλãǾͰĵš
ϵæֹУС磬һȥ̫Σˣ
һԵû£ȥɣзִģߣҶȥ
˶˵ͷ˳ȥȻҲվ˺棬ȻҲţȴûеӣȻҶߵſڵʱͻȻת͵ͣҲɣ
һʱϲ⣬æ˳ȥ
һߵһ֮վҶڵүүʲôð취𣿡
ĿҶСӣʵңҪǽֻˣ
һԵ仰˸üëͷŵ
Ȼ֪Ҷز¶ڵ仰˵Ҳ̫ˣҶȻҪ
˵ںͺǵšħʮ֮һ¼ҵ֮ǿڱ֮ҲסˣҪǲܵ°
ȻҶȴǳһµȻ볹ǵʵеȸ½вĻǾͺðˣԲȽŮ˾ȳȻټ£𲻵ǣҲҪɱɱǵ磬һ㣡
ţ
϶Ҷڴţȸ½вҪЩǿҲԲܰ
Ҷûһ㴵ţ˼ҪôȺڵڵֻҪкٻʮħŵĶԸɳǲ
ڵͷ뷨ʵʣֻǾ˵ĻӦùˣҪ֪Ǹص
תԴܣﲻֹҲǿңȻǻһƬģǿˣҾˣУǻǱ˰ɣ
ʵڸûаȥһȻָǺˣ
ҶȻͣñеͶʱִ˸Цǰʲô𣿡
ҶĿһ۵ͣҪ·ͬӦˣҲҿ·֪ԭǻһ棡
ܰҽŮ˾ȳôʱǼ͸һ뿪֮ȥҼңǿЩ굱ѩɽŪĶȵĹ°뱲ӣҲȢϱӣ
͵˫һͨһڵأͷ絷ĵǰʲôԸСһհ죡
ǳ׵ıɵˣΪҶ˵Ļ·Ǽͬ˽飬һڵ뷨
ڣҶĵλٴֱֱ޿˵æˣȥƴҲԥĴӦ
͹ڵϣͷ̧ǺȻоһ͵Լϥ֮´ӲĽԼ
̧ͷöҶĿ⣬ֻ˿ҶĿ֮ûᣬ˼ºͣͣȻԸңԺͺɣ⣬ҲҪ£һ߾ܵıסͬǵİȫģ
ܹóҶ˵ⷬǷԷθϣﲻΪ֮һůֻñһᣬȻָжҪĳ嶯
ȷʵҶʵѾģԲֻ֣ҪǱͬˣֹ߾ȫȥǣ
Ĩ£ٴҪ򵹣ȴһǿס˫ȣֻ٣Ȼ㲻ңǴӽ쿪ʼˣ
ҶҡҡͷɫҲҪΪԶԼġ
ٴαжǵͨĵҲ˵ֱ˵ʲôҪȥģ
ãҶʵǲϤϣܰҵڵصĵط
û⣬ʹȥŴĴӦ
ʹȥıӰڵ¶Цݡ
Ҷ֮⣬ûܹ׵ľһѩɽԸаص׷˰ɣ


537 ¼
ȻҶȥһ£ԼҲûţһʱŮ䣬Է˻鷳ǴźȻ뿪ȥתתֵܷ㶫
뿪Ů䣬ҶͺǾʩչҲԶŮΪģת
һȦתҶͺʲôûз֣û취ĵβ죬һܶˣʱŮ䶼Ҳ鷳ֻܻȥ
ȻۼϵķУ˭ҲԸ뿪ȻҶ˵ĳ֣ϣ˭ϣһ㡣
˻죬ĵĻ϶ǹҶĶµܣЩǵĿУҲ˸ʶ
ﱾûŮ䣬סЩˣڵҲɢľסڸطۼ㡣
ֵȻԭҲסǵסڻҪԭĵطʮǰֵܶ뿪Լסĵطʼ˽ѩݣҰ
Щһ˶Ϊѣʱֵȣطڶֵܶ˵ĸм
ģҲԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ죬иĽϣܹı֮
Щˣ߲ܣӭס£ҸǾܵȥǣǽѩݣṩʳ֬ʱ򣬻ָ޵Ĺ
ŮγˣȻҲԽԽ룬е룬ܾˣܾԭܼ򵥡
Ů˶ΪҶҲܶǲܣ
ЩܹӦŮ˶ߣĻͱչǣǡ
ʱкܶ˶˵̫ɵˣŴõǰ̲ȥҪչЩ׸ȴǸںЩô˵ȻصļŮС
һȻͳЩ˺Ů֧ţֻҪڣŮͻԶڡ
Ȼþĵܵһ֮ʱͻȻ߻ħ⵽ɣ°̱ܶ
Ψһˣʱͬһ㣬ĴѰܹκõܵܵİ취͸ˣϧǰѰ
֮£Ծɼ뷨ҪκŮˣȻа취ҲܴӦˡ
ʵ֮£ֻ뿪Ů䣬뿪˱֮أǰȸ½вȥѰҾһ꣬δء
˶Щ¼Ľ˵ҶˣǶͷĺøд
ȷеִֵ֣֪ͨЩԭҲںܶпɵӵΪҲΪɵӣŻϣŻӵõһ档
Ҷ¶ЦݣƺֿѱעԼҶ֣ͽܵĳҲܲպֻҪлᣬһѰģһеҪ鷳Ҷ֡
رسִŵĹִڲͬ
ҶĺˣԼʱΪʲôֱӴӦ
վҶ˳ȥԾɱʬ塣
֣Ҷ֪ˣֻϧ֪ˣ֪ĻôҶһλĻᣬǾֻѣǵˣ
Ҷڰãã֮䣬ңʣзһ̾
ҹܿ콵ˣͻûл͵˵ԭ·̣ڵĵص϶ҲڱԭԾһ˳ĻҲҪʱܻ
ҶֻӼȴʱϵȻվһԣСֹʲô
Ȼǵɤѹõ͵͵ģǲ뱻ҶҶôܻ
ϸ缸ĴˣСˣ˵ʲôҲҪúдǣ˼ҶŶӰǻгԵûǼҴմհɣ
ϸ磬ģҼǿ֮ǰԵѩһûг꣬ھȥá
һ˰ȣ׼ȵǻٳԣҲù
ûʲôԵˣƿƣСˣǴϲ£ôҲúȵ㣬ȥã
ԭЩ˼ڽҵĶմգ׼дҶǣ
ȻҶںͺǶѾҪԶˣŮЩ߲ӡصΪҪʳǵʳԴȻڱ֮صĸޡ
ǵʵǲɱ޵ģôǼеĴȻǱץߵЩɱġ
ѾץˣٲĻЩ˺ܿܶᱻ
ҶٴһŭЩץ˸ۼĸ֣һУھǶǵĻ·


538 
Ҷûֹϵǵĺ⣬ǾͿ˷׷׸뿪Ƭֶ֮Ÿָʳ;˽
ȻÿҼ˶ҲǺܶ࣬ĳӳԵĻҲ͹˳Աġ
ȻŮѩɽǣʮˣͲԡ
ѿеĸֶץߣŮڲдʳѾ;ƿݵĵزɼˣҲȻĵĽеʳﶼ˳Ϊ˺úдһǣ
˭Ҳûж˵ʲôæµĸ⣬¾Ƶ¾ƣտտȻֻеĬ
ʽʼԵʱŮһкҶǶԵˣԼȴӡ
ǸΨһСкǰһ鱻ð͵Ĵƴ̿ˮȴǲͣĶС˵ʲôСкܺԣȴµĵͷ
Ҷĺλ˵ǸѳԵģͱˣȰְֻðְָһֻѩʱһ˳ԣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦСкСѣ²¿ϣ˭Ե
кɻҡҡͷҶ˵ʲô˼
Ҷŵ㿴ϸ˰
кɴ۾ͻȻͿǿӾȻֱӴӿϷڿһȦ֮ԼǰͣסˣڿУƺڸԼкҰɣϣԵ
Ҷ΢ЦĿӺϣԵȲȥˣͱˣϽ˰ɣ
Ѿ顰桱ӸˣСкȴȻûȥã̧ͷԼ裬ֱ۰ĵͷ֮˷ܵץסӣڵĿ
кҶлл
ҶЦЦȻ㿪ʼеʳ׷Զ뿾ܣŮÿ˷ȥ
ǶʳѾûʲôȤˣȵƾУЩʳǴҷ˰ɣ
ҶĻ䣬ǱѾ˲֮˵СѩǾƣˮ㲻ܺȣ
أ
ѭȥǵĿҧһƺ﷢ࡱ֮ĵַͬŵ˾ƺ֮ϵڣ
ƹƣ˭ҲԸˣ
һĻ˲ЦЦҲ嵭ԭصգҶķ֮£Ҳٿ
Ȼʳȷ˵㣬ȴǳԵʮֻǺǣǳ˵ؼΪѩ𣬺ȵСú˵ģȻ۵ſտյľƺ̾
㷹֮ҲͻȥϢȵ˶뿪֮Ҷվڴ˸кͶ˳ȥ
ҶߵԶŮĵط֮ͣ䣬ǸصٴγǰһĻİϧ
ʱѾָվĶţҶ˵ѾȿڵĻҲļе񣬲϶ļ磬Ҳȥ䣬ִѪӡ
Ҷһ￴һĻͻȥӡļ䣬ʱֻᱻӡɣԲȴк
İϧʼڿˣϾȻѵõĹϲ֮ɫԭ˵ģȻҶ˵ҲôϣҶ˵ˣ̲סĵȻ㣬ô뿪Ѫģ
ԭİϧʶôӦþǵˡ
¶һĨЦİþòˣλӦþѪ˰ɣѪ죡
ȻҶ֤ʵԼĲ²⣬ںİϧͬʣΪʲôдѪ֮еһķ˲ͬȻܹ뿪Ѫ
İϧͷλ㻹ûشҵ⡣
ԸƺΪºͣʼչŵЦݣЦͰ׷ǵЦȫͬ׷ȻҲЦݣҲ֪ΪһҡͷԣԭЦܻһαĸо
Цȴ͸źϣһ֮¾ʮֵ
İϧ׷ʣҶͶڴѪͨʱ򣬾ȻӿһԴԴϵǿ󴿴ı֮ûһ˷ѵȫҵڣҿԴ뿪Ѫ
ôһ˵ҶʱȻԼΪ˱ѩ̺֮ı֮ŴͨѨѪʱҲڴձ֮ͨǡʱ򿪣Ȼ֮ҲͽѪͬʱȫˣȫ
ڵһμʱҶѾܵɢĺ⣬Ѳ³ӵбԵߡ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬺Ȼʳһ⣺ϴҼǵ˵Ǳ֮أȷһ£ǲȸ½ϵı֮أ


539 ܺõ
ⲻҶȻɴ۾İϧҲ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ϴεڶ׷ǳֵʱȵĲҶжϳԼʲôطʱҶе𾪣ΪʲôܹӵЩйصļ䣬֪ϲǾѪΪӡʱ򣬾Ȼ֮Щļ䡣
ȻȻͬҲ֪Լںδѵ˵ҲһЩȥļ䣿
ԣ
Ҷ̷Լ뷨ͬ׷ôϴξͲΪ뵽ȥ´Ѫӡˡ
Ҷɻ󣬵˵ͷ磬ȸ½ı֮أڵλãڱ֮صѾ˱ԭ
Ҷ˵𰸣۾ǲѿĽëƤ촽嶼΢΢š
ӣҶﶸȻðһ뷨òᣬ˰ɣ
뷨ͬҲҶѣΪȻ֪ѪеķԸͬһ磬ǻĴûˣȻ磬ȸ½Ա֮صĻôԼ˽Ѫɻ
ҶİϧﶼĿ˭Ҳûгȴּ״̬֮ѹ
һӵʱȥ۾˿̣оȻһ˿ʪ
Ĵӿ³һڰɫ֮һ޸пû뵽֮꣬ҾȻܻصҵĹ磡
һ仰˵Ҷİϧٴα޴ֻ𾪵ԭͬ
İϧＱеʵ㣬ѵָˣ
ҶǸĹȥȷĹ磿㻹ǵļ𣿡
һĬ֮ȶİϧͷǵģһָˣ
İϧԲ۾ҡͷôܣôָܻ䣿ģϵѪӡѵ𣿡
ҶǺشԼģİϧ̬ȴĬĬ˵һߣΪ֪İϧѪеÿһ˵ָܹ䣬ܹѪӦԸˡ
˶޷ͻѪӡķӡǾ֮ͨԼӡֽ֮ŵİ׷ǶУ˵ˡ
Ȼָ˼䣬ھİϧ￴һϣ
ǸһЦǻָһЩ䣬ֻҵĹȥѪеļȻûлָȻѪӡҲȻҵ֮ϣģԲĲ֪
ֻ֪ϴΪͨ򿪣뿪Ѫ֮󣬿Ļ;󣬵ʱԺ֮оʹһĴʹһұӡļ䣬֪֮Ǳ֮أϤĸٴ˻䣬ӶѪӡķɣͽͻѪ
û뵽ٽٻٿϤһУҵļ侹Ȼͬˮһ˷ӡԺ
Ĳ꾡ĽͣİϧֳʧһԵҶȴĬĬĲ²еԭ
ȻѪ˵ļ䱻ӡ˺ܶණЩ䣬ȴĿ·ӡҲ޷赲
Щеļ䣬Ǵڳ˯һƽκεķӦһĳЩϤĻʱǾͺܻܿᱻѣӶͻƷӡ赲
ҶóĽۣȻһԣԼΪʮֺģֻǶԵģҲܰÿһѪ˻ָ䡣
Ͼ˭Ҳ֪ʲôĻ棬ǵļ˵Ϥġ
ָܹ֮һּ䣬ȫɺϣѪͨ򿪵ʱҶڱ֮أǽٻ˳ܹͬ뿪ѪһǼΪɺϡ
ҶȻ֣˵ƺǷǳãȻĻôһ˵ϾͲôɺأ
İϧԼ֮ٴεĿҶҲ𣿡
ȸ½ˣҲǱ֮صˣ֣ܲ˵˵Щ䣬ҲҪ̽ĹȥָֻЩ䣬ҲڵЩ
ҶĻɫ˲ҶﶼһͻòҲָ֪μ䣬²ʲôļ䣡
һε˼˼ʱԶ˺ܶ࣬Ƭ֮ٿȻ̧ͷĳһ絶
ͬʱһǿı֮ͻȻ֮ӿ˳۳һɫľ
૵ţǺǣ찡죬ѵ֮𣿡


540 ֮
ϵѩ֮УӰ֮ͬһ˳һڿУһڵϣ˲Ϣ֮ѾҶߡ
Ȼںͺǡ
Ǳѩ֮дúúõģͻȻоһǿ˲䱬Ϊ˵ˣҶΣգԳ˳
ͻȻֵںͺǣİϧﱾܵľҪ֣ΪʼμԼְ𣬱ѪܣȴҶһֹˡ
ȻҲͬˣٶȱİϧ࣬ںͺصͬʱϵɫѾȻڿն𣬾޴βݺݵĺȻ
𣡡
ǿзһŭȻ߸ԾβĹģβһɨ֮ȴǴ޾ĺʱסˣ
βǰʵıֱƷʮ׳ľ룬ݰһ㣬ǵصļ˺ǡ
ǣ
һɺɫӺǵӿֱӷı飬֮ϳһ׺ɫĻף
ڵķӦȻȺҪ΢һ㣬ɣ
ֱӷɵУβҲ˱꣬վڿеźЦ
ס֣Լˣ
ںǱĶ׼ʱҶæֹԼҲǵм䡣
ɫʱصϣɢǹǿϢҲ漴ȻϾʹưոݣҲֻԵͳĺԼķŭ
Ҷٴΰ˰ֵ֣֣ˣ
ٴ䵽˵ϣ￴һۺͷȻʥһʥޱȻǿ󣡡
Ҳкûֵ֮ģõľҪʥ޺ʥ೾ΪʥӵԣԶһ㳾ɱȡ
Ӣڵξʥǹĳû뵽ȻӵʥޱĳǹԻҪ߳һ
ǸĶںͺǹ˹ֵ˼һΪǵˡ
Ǻ޺޵ĵȻɾԭ󷽵ĵû£ʶҶ㲻ǽһ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ڵ𺧣ǿʵİϧĹŹ״̬
ڵľʵȻİϧ״̬еڲֻͬǾʹҲ뵽İϧʵֻ״̬
Ҷֻܼ򵥵Ϊ˻˸ܣȻҲûἰѪ
ڲûм׷ʣ˵˵ͷ֮󣬾ͿǵȻû£ͻȥɣ
ҶȻ޷ѪںгȴڳԼæүүǲߣֵĻ
ã
ߣҶ£֮ˣ
Ҷʱſɫصʵ֣ղ˵Ļظһ𣿡
ĿҶһۺŵͷղ˵ѵ֮𣿡
ҶȻ˿ŵ֣ܹĹȥȻʮֱҵĻ䣬Щһ˵ڣһ£ʲô֮ࣿ
֮࣬Ҷ֪ҲʼռǹҺ;ĵһ£ΪĪ֮࣬ճüʦĻӵ֮ˣӵ˰ˣô⵽ʣӶ᳣Σ֮УʱĿܣ
ҶһֱѰƽ֮ķ˳֪ں֮һλҶĸˣҲ֪취
Ȼû뵽죬ѪȻ˵Լ֮ࡣ
ֻ֮һ֮ҶҪŪҲܹܵһЩӶĪ֮
ҶĻ¶һ˿ԳЦݣĬƬ̲ŵҳʱ򣬼ҸΪҿ࣬ʱλ˾˵ˣһ֮ࡣ
ν֮࣬˵춼ᱣӵ࣬ӵ֮ˣҲӵ˶޷ĺ
λ˵ĻȫŵģǴҶ¿ʼҵȷʵͱҪõĶ࣬˵һֱ˳˳ˮ޲ֵĳˣ۳˶Ľʥޱ
ҶﲻסĵͷΪڸղţԼҲΪȷʵǷǳĺã
ֵɺϣܹ֣һĻָһЩȥļ䣬κѪе˸顣
ԭ֮࣡
ڼԴ۳ʥޱ֮Ҳӵ֮࣬ܵ챣ӵˣҾ뿴磬뿪˼ң뿪˱֮أȻ
ȻҵĲȻһ֮ȴ֣ҵļȻڣҵļ˾Ȼȫʧˣ
Ǿһ˲ʬ֮ҾͿʼѰǣұ֮أұȸ½Ȼû˿ķֱ֣ұء
ûм˵ΪҲûҪѪܡ
£Ҳ˳Ĭÿ˶ļ˾ȥͻȻüͷ㣬ǲǲ


541 ǧǰķ
ʳ仰Ȼ̧ͷٴθֳĹâȴְȥ˵ͷֻǺеˣΪԼʱʱ̲̿ҪѰҵļˣҲŸĳڵ֣ĸ
Ȼ˿һĴȵ֪˭ˣ
˵֮ںȻ˿ҶϴſЦҶҶȻ֪˭ҷҲ֪˭ˣ㵽ʲôˣΪʲô߻лǧˣ
ֵҶˣָĿȴڵǧǰˣ
Ҳһ㶣ʲôѾȥǧˣ
ĵ˵ͷǧǰżҳһλӵʥ޳ļ̳˵鼸ȸ½ΪǾž֮ˣʷĳ֮жǵ֣λżδҲ⡣
˲ӵʥ޳Ҿ˵ã˳ķչȥԻΪȸ½֮һλĸ֣˵ĳɾӦòڷ޵ʦ
ʦǧǰȸ½֮Ϲϵĵһ֣
ҶȻ֪ڿеżδָľ˵ʵ޷ţôһʵ˾Ȼǧǰȸ½
ңʦƺҲͬˣһɽһ
˫֣ͷ죬ƮƮȥףֻϷûκεı飬ƽ֮ƺű˵Ĺһ
ϧӢţôһλӵŻԻǰ̵ˣͻȻ֮ͷˣĵܣ˵ҪļˣʱĴСɼûһûȥġ
ʼʱ򣬾Щģ˼ɵκһɶͿģʱˣЩɾͲʼ׽ŪҲա
ֱһΡ
˵ڿһۣϾȻ¶η壬ȴһȻӡ
ҶĺѾȫı̲ס׷ʵһôˣ
ֱһΣһĵʮ֮һɵĵӣƭ˵ļ˾ͲԼɺһ֮Уû뵽˵ֱӳأ׵Ƶ˽֮енƷӡ󷨣ȻҲļˡ
ȻȻһ֮ţϵϣµͯһȫɱ
һŽǧˣΪӵһѻţʱѪɺӣʬǱҰ
Ҷе㷢㶣˿ʵ󲻳ôһʼմºЦݵˣȻһɣҲСɣǵʮ֮һ
ֻҶе벻ͨڲųصʵǸŵɼȻǵʮڣ֮п϶гĸ֣ɱǵأ
ȻЦЦˣǸɽйԪڰɣ
ͷǹԪڣ
ƺͻȻȤڵأ
ȸ½ˣʼѰ䣬ҪץסɱһԴ󷢣ȥɣ֮ʧˡ
һЦûʧֻǻؼˣΪ뵽ҵļ˿ˣ
ģ
Ҷڼͬʱʳ⡣
ԭȻЦɣȴѾ˼⣺ԪڵǸңؽأҼҸиĽأ͸ȥ￴ҵļ˺ܿȥ˱ԭ
ҶĹ£ǰԭûһܹ뿪ģȻͻվԼǰʮ֪ôܹӱԭ뿪ģҲľܹҿһԭصɴ
ȥ˱ԭ
Ҳ֪ҵļָֻ
Ļش𲻽Ҷһʧָĵǵطõؼʱ̾Ͷˣ
ҶȻ֪һ㣺֣ôܹǸԪڵģ
ʵѾ˳ҶûʮİտԶԸĸ֣Ͼֳͳִ󾳽ϵĲͬһ蹵һԽ
ȻҶҲ޷صһģ
Ҳ֪ǸһЦˣĲ֪ղλҲ˵ˣʱңǸӣ
ҶʱΪ֮ǰķ飬ѵ㻹ָܹǵס˵Ѿǧǰˣ
ҶԸоĳȷӵżΪǿʵȻĻһоͽǱƵǱڱƵķɵУ
Ȼٴοĳһ֪ڵżǷ񻹴ˣ
仰ҶﶸȻһ̧ͷڵıҲԼһȻҲ뵽ˣ
ڱ֮Ĵ֮е¼ңǧǰżҡ
һţһ£
ֲͬͬмǷĳֹϵأ


542 ʶʶ
¼ң
¶ȤɫȻȥʶһ£ĿǰڳЩУ˭Ҳ֪¼ҵȻ޷Ըˡ
İϧȻʵй˵ļ㻹ǵö٣֪Ƕȥ𣿡
ҡҡͷҼ˵ļȻУֻȥ˵ԾǸգҲ˼ȥĶⲻգҾҲĿģǺǣǧ꣬ԭôˣǵָһӼ䣬һǧ꣡
޾ĸпҲѹ֣κͻȻָ˹ȥļ֮󣬵֪ʱ侹Ȼȥǧ֮ã¶޷ٵˣֵȻʮѵõˣ
ȻҲʲʲôˣҶȴҲܹĳһЩ
˹Ԫ֮Ϊ뵽Լļ˿˱ԭ̻ת֮أļҲ￪ʼ˶ϲ㡣
Բ²⣬Ҳصԭ߻ûеԭʱ򣬾ѾؽѪ֮УȻʹǵ֮ʧˣ
ʱ䣬ǧǰ
ΪʲôᱻѪ᲻Ϊ˹Ԫڣ
ЩĿǰȻûд𰸣ٿƶϳѪǧǰ߸֮ǰѾˣ
֮ǰİϧ˵ʮÿһ죬ġ
Ҳ˵ǧǰħ죬ӦҲԾѪ֮ȻܽΪ졣
ǧʱﵽ׷ʲô˾ȻѪѪĪĴԼϡ
̫뷨ҶԴеʹԻǰǰ벻ͨͳͳ׵һߡ
ڵ棬ҶֱӽİϧͻѪڴˣڲûзκεʡ
үүһᣬͬʱҲԷʲôǰɧŮ䣬ȻϢɣ
֪Ҷȫһˣѩж˵ڷƽ˾ĻˣԶû˵źֱתݡ
˶뿪֮Ҷֱ£Ϊ˱ԼȥЩһ⣬Լ˼ȫе֮ϡ
ڣѨӭѨĴͨҶڴͨѨλѾﵽʮ˸ˣкʶصѨλǴֱ֣ͨʶ֮ӵʶʶʶʶȻȥҶ뽫ʶѨλҵԴͨ
һʶѨλȫͨԼʶøǿ󣬸Ҫǣʶ֮ͨ˻ԼһЩܣ
ҶעȫļеԼϣԺ֮ǸѪɫӰȻҲٶȸ֡
ʣµĶʶֱʶʶҲʶ֮յģħ춼˵ˣʶѨλȽѡ
ʶָĴʶָӦþʶǾͨʶͨʶǣʶӦѨλĸأ
ҶĿѪɫӰϲϵѲѰſܴʶѨλԼʶȻĴôѨλȻλ֮ϣͺܸɴĽͷ֫ϵѨλͳͳų⡣
ʶҪôѨλҲӦѨҶĹܽᣬҳʮĸλظѨ
Ҷ¶˿ЦʮĸѨλ֮ѰҳһѨλѶȻܴ󰡣
˳ʮĸѨλҶһɣʮĸѨλ֮Уа˸ѨλȻһֱϣֱ߾ߡ
˳һôÿԽ˿ҶԳƵ롣
˸ѨλϵǣУβڣڣԪмǣ
˸ѨλҶо֮Ȼ޷ҵӦúʶӦǸѨλľƢˣһҧеѨҪͨģȻҲҾͽ˸ѨλȫͨȴѨʼ
Ѩλߣ˫ߵе֮ǴλϾܿӦǼΪҪ
Ҷ׼򣬱ѨͬʱͨѡѨּ֮ѡָָϵѨλгѨ͹سѨ
һҹʱҶ̽ѨжɹΪֵг͹سѾͨѨλǼΪأѨλľλöһҹʱ֮ھͱҶɹҵ߶ʼͨѨ
ͨѨĹ̾ͲҪҶרŵУʱɫѾˣѩݵű򿪣һ͵´߳С⡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֣ʾ
ѩɽֻӡصΪҶηԶҪĶ࣬ĵߵҶǰ̾Ҫ£Ҷһסùʲô֣
ǰĻСĽࡣΡΡĵ
ú£ԺҲƺΪɣ㣬ΧĻϤ𣿡
Ϥ
ãȥѰޣҪģ


543 绹
ϣҶ͵ϵǼҪҸʣ಻ʳóдԼ˵ʱ֮ԼûֹҲûƴǣΪѾˣŵȴͻ⼸ʱ䣬ȥȡһЩھȳŮЩץߵ֮ǰҪȷʣЩܹúõĻȥ
Ϊĵβ죬ҹѾȥˣò׵ȵڣڿˣȻҪ̾ȥ
Ƭ̺ŷӦѰޣ
ԽԽãҰްɣ֪𣿡
ҶԼкڣΪޣɱʵǷǳеģԲòʱı⣬Ұ޻ûǣ޻һġ
Ұ޺ܺңһǧأһ֣һЩҰޣھҪȥ𣿡

ȥǣòٽˣ
ˣȥҴߣ㸺ָ·
ȻҶʮƱ֮ӵеľ޴ǲԶҪܵǧ֮⣬һǧأ˵һҲһʱʱѣѩѩĻٶȻ
෴ӦҶѾץס죬İʱ֮Уȫڻ״̬֮С
ӡصΪʵǴû˿ٶȣҶֽĻ¹Щ絶ĺ磬ԽиƬˡ
һ·֮Ҷķߵټ˵ҲǰǴֲԵġ
ɴ˿ɼʮּѣ
֮Խб֣ΪȫһѩǵĲ
Щľʮ־޴ÿһü˺ϱϸ˲֪꣬ȴȻȻ¶йˣںǰᱻȫᣬһжƺ״̬
֮ҶҲͲҪָ·ˣʶȫãֻη;֮ɫһֻץҶ·ƺҶᶪԼ뿪
⵹ܹ̫СӡصΪίʵ̫ͣοȻҰޣҲޣټܹҰޣʵǿޣҪһֻ΢ģܾܿͱǵʳ
ҪޣҲͬҪˣ
ҶĿǰʵǶԸ޶Ǵ´࣬ɱЩҰȻǲѴ֮
ټʶǿ󣬸żܷҰ޵ϢңҰȻܶ࣬вѾһģûöʱѾɱʮֻҰޣȫŵ˿ռ䳾֮ʱš
Ұ޾Ȼô࣬ǳҵϰһΪǳأ
ԼջҶʮֵ⣬ȴ¶ɻ֮ɫְʱ򣬰˵ǲôҰ޵ģΪѾǶܶҰ޶׼ߣЩҰôһ̬ˣ
ɻҶûзϣðɣˣɱֻͻȥˣ
ʱҶѾ뵽˱ֵм䲿֣׼ǰߵʱͻȻһ׹ǰһţ
ʲô
ҶһԶ϶ԼûпۣԼʶʼոܴŰ׵ķΧȻȴһͬȰģԼǰԼ۾ʶûвʲô
ٶȸжˣ
⣬᲻һͷ޻أ
ȻҶڲ޻ޣʵ̫ǿޣ˵һģɾûʮİˡ
ˣעʶҲſʼۼΧСʮ֮⣬Ű׹ʧķ׷ȥ
оҶٶԱ죬е㲻ʵѵַ𣿡
ҶûΪڵעȫʶ֮Уʮ֮һֻȶ³ҲӲʶ
Ȼһ׹⣬ԱȸղŸٶȴҶǰʶ֮
Ҷʱ״
Ϊ׹ʲôٶʵǿ쵽һּޣֱ绹Ҫ죬ǳֶĪٶȡ
ʮ׵ľ룬˲䴩ֱеڿռ֮ˣ
뵽Ҷͣ˽ŲҼ׷ΪŸ࣬޷ȫ׷ʱһԼֵĻԼҪİΣţܻԼ
Ȼֻһ۵ѩɽֻһӡصĵͽߣҶȻͬ飬ôͬȫ
֮࣬ûĳְɫ࣬ޣҲޣٶȷǳģ
ҡҡͷ֮ٶľѩѩֻޣޣޣУһְɫٶȷǳ죡
ʲôޣ
βѩ


544 βѩ
βѩ
ĸ֣ҶȻȻҲԿ϶ӵб绹ٶȵǵ׹ӦþǾβѩû½ۣǼʵβѩٶж죿
ͷҲֻ֪˵֮ܵУβѩٶµһ
µһ
ȷǵ׹ٶȣȷʵҶ޷뵽κοȵ飬ȻҶԿ϶ղŴԼǰʶ֮ǵ׹⣬Ǵ˵еı޾βѩ
ҶίʵûϵԼȻ˾βѩֻԼȻҪҵԼҲûܹ׷
ңΪʲôҪεĴԼǰ
࣬ھβѩ㻹˽٣
˽Ҳ࣬˵ʵδĹھβѩϢҶģΪǸǴ˵еޣʵôܻС
Ҷ࣬˵кܶ඼ģղžѾξβѩ
Ǿβѩ᲻ˣ
ᣡλشնеĴ˵˵βѩʮº͵ģˣΣյ˻ޣˣ˵׽βѩõİ취壬װԼΣ֮УȴžβѩԼȻû˵˳ɹ

ҶͬʱҲԼĳЩͬΪеǳȻþβѩ׽
ôúõβѩҲĴڰɣ
˰ҲûеȵҶĻش𣬲ΪվҶĿҶĺͻȻһȻ˾뵽˾ֹ֮һʮֺ棬Ҷʲô
͵͵ĽͷҶ̽˳ȥ
һۣ˾ʹסˣ·˲仯һ߱񣬱̽ͷƾϢľֹ
һΣҲĿԺ֮УԶ޷ǣ
ʱ˿̣ǰʮԶĵطվһֻɫĺ꣡
ֻ岢󣬶ֻаС磬ȴƮžٳ׳ѩ׵βͣ
βѩ
ղ໹ĵ˵Ŵ˵ǼٵģϲܴڵľβѩȻͻվ
βѩȫ£һƬɫ۾ѩ׵ģվ·ƬΪһ壬ʥ֮Уɲ֮һĻǻһ֣
ʶӰµҶڿβѩһ̣Ҳ˾޴𾪵С
βѩ˫ɫ۾֮г鶯۾Ҳû
ң˫۾֮͸¶ºͣҶӰӳüʦЩпĴȱ
ҶȻΪʲôβѩԼǰθֱӳԼǰ
ΪԼղŲɱ̫Ұޣ
βѩĻȱķһ̼κѪȲб֣ʱŻѯҶҶҪɱҰˣ
ҶκһģҲǱƲѣŻɱôޣԵ֮󣬺Ȼžβѩȥ֣µһȻϵԲҲɱҰޣΪҵһЩܹͬȥûЩҰʳǾͻ
˵ʵҶҲ֪ԼΪʲôҪβѩǸҲΪβѩĴȱҲΪھβѩԼǸ⵹ȷǷġ
βѩԴ΢΢һߣ鶯˫ȻֱֱעҶƺ˼Ҷⷬ˼Ƭ֮ϺȻ¶һЦݣҶ˵ͷȻתȥһ׹⣬˲ʧƬѩ׵Ĵ֮ϡ
ҶǵЦݣԿ϶ղžβѩȷǶԼЦˣҲ˵ԼǸ⣬ûٹԼˡ
ȻβѩѾˣҶȻվԭûжлڻζžβѩԼľޡ
ҶðһŹֵͷβѩܹΪһŮ˵ĻôŮ˿½ѵһŮӣ
ҶعͷȻڱ״̬֮УЦԴβѩˣѰɣ
գ۾֮ڻع³һҸղһΣ
ýһΣһԶҪκ˵Σ
Ҷ΢΢һ㣬ȻΪͣӲ̾Ҷ仰˼
βѩʵڵϢҪκ֪
ûмβѩ֮ǰҶʹӦǣ־βѩһᱣڣۼ˾βѩҶиǼᶨ뷨
ʥޣֱؼõԼԲκ˺


545 ϵĴ˵
ҶصŮ䣬ԼɱЩҰչǰʱ򣬳ںͺ֮⣬˼Լ۾
ҹﵽڣҶȻɱôֻ͵Ұޣ
Ҷ΢ЦŵϵЩǳһʱ˰ɣ
̫ˣٿԹǳˣ
Ǿ鷳ְַɣ
⡭С磬СѣдӦõģ㲻İϵ˸мʵе㲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ϵ˵ˣȻСѣôЩҲӦġ
ŮȻ˵ʲôǿʼЩʳҶȴǺڸ˳
ǣҶȻҪκֱ˵ĵҿβѩˣ
仰ʱںͺǵ۾ǵͬʱ𣺡
ҶϴԵľ˵һ飬ĩ˵û뵽侹Ȼְ֣˼ǱޣҲǱޣôûô˧أ
ϻô˵βѩûôأ
ҶͷҲǣĻ˵ֱӾͻǰ˺ңβѩֻ۾ңûп˫۾ע֮£ҵʱԺ֮ж˷߾˵һ仰
ľ仰Ȥʵ
ͷǰ
ôǵ仰ӦǷسɷ𣿡
һ˼һ˼
ˣɫӦûҪ˵ɣ
룬ȻβѩĴѾ֤ʵǰٷ֮׼ȷˣôһԻ᲻Ҳģ
񹬵ĳ֣
ǰҲĻҵ񹬿
ߣŮȥ
Ҷڶڱ񹬵һ֪һӵŮˣ֪Ŀ϶ҪĶࡣ
ϵ˵֮¶һ˿Ц֮ɫʵϵĴ˵֮У񹬺;βѩ֮Źϵģ˵ȫһģ
شҶڲȻȫǵϡ
˵ı񣬾һֻβѩ
֮صŷı񣬾Ǿβѩ
Ҷڼ
˵ϵĴ˵ʱƣǾŷһֻΪԼıʵе˵ȥǾ͵˸ָĹڱİ汾ֱձ࣡
ںܾúܾ֮ǰ֮ϻûбԭĴڣԭһƬѩɽǸʱҲͬһǻ˴֮ΪϷͻɱռƵġ
Ȼһ죬֮гһֻβѩΪӵǿʵΪĻʡ
ֻβѩͳ֮£𽥵ǿͲĶ֣ھβѩҲûκεĵ⣬ǵԼΪһЩΪʳΣյʱ򣬻ĳȡ
Ҫֱ֮صʱҲͦԼǿʵߡ
֮ѵõĺദö֮βѩͱʱΪһĴڣΪء
þ࣬һͿʼԸһֻı֮ΪӦˣǱ㿪ʼ뾡취Ҫɱβѩ
뵽İ취ͬǰҶø壬װΣգջβѩȣӶ䲻ɱ
ȷɹ˼Σβѩʵʵ̫ǿλɱ֮¶ûܽɱΪؽչʱȴͻȻڱԭڡ
źܶ˵棬ֻβѩȻ֮һɨƽ޾ѩɽﻯһƬƽԭ
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˵仰֮󣬾βѩľʹ˵ǰƾʧʧƬƽԭ֮ϾȻʼ˺ɫѩ
ѩһ¾֮ãԭɫѩԭڻ˳׵ĺɫ
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546 
ϵڱ֪֮˵˵¶Ϊ˵ǼٵģǸڵģǶҶ˵ȴŴ˵֮п϶һʵɷ֡
Ǵ˵жλβѩаۣܹΪζᵽˣһʮƷ֮󣬾ͻӶӵлΪε
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ĳҲżȻû׼Ϊ񹬼ڱԭȻѩ˵κԭȻûамľβѩ
ҲֻβѩΪλʵļ䣬ԲŽٻ˳
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Ҷ͸ղϵ˿ԥȻ֪˵ǼٻҶףΪϵЩ˰ģԲûκ֮⡣
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УĵͷͿûбˣ
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ҶĬˡ
ͬ͵飬뵽˱Լɱͽ࣡
ǿͷӣʵȫһˣֻЩǿı󣬶Ÿɴҵİ֧֣ԼЩѩɽϵһȻĿĲͬΪȴûʲôͬ
ò˵ȷһǳõİ취
ҶĿһۣΪʲô뵽Ҫȥ
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͵ĽͣҶ۾Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼ¶һЦݣļµǾ֣
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547 ·
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ĴһҲֻռ˱֮ض֮һ
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ѩɽĶ֧Ķϰˣܹ֧ѾԼ̶ĸݶΪ֣ĶǶʮ˲ȣĶ飬Сġ
Ļǧˣ
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ҶҪڱ֮صĻôȫһշЩѩɽھ̵ܶʱھȳץߵЩˣ̵УƱؾͻײ˵Ȳôõʱ䡣
ȴҡҡͷȻѩɽĶɢǲСĶ鶼Ҫ֧Ķ齻ɹֻҪշ֧ģСĶ鵹Ǻð죬ֻǷֱǰ֧ѩɽ֮أ¾͵ûϺüµʱˡ
Ҷ˳˼ĥûʲôõİ취һԵںȻʵͣ˵֧ѩɽǶڴʲôλãľʵΣ
ڵطڵλöǲ·̣ǧʵĻǵһѩɽƺǿ˵ﵽأڶѩɽ͵ѩɽ࣬ǳء
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СڹȻҪԸһ֧ѩɽⲻ
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548 δ
Ҷ͸źǣԼȻ࣬Ǵһʶ·ˣˣ·ֱű֧֮ѩɽ֮ظȥ
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Ҫ֪ҪҶȥշ֧ѩɽĻ´Ҳȥ
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ˣҶ֮ǰҲԤ´µʱ䣬󶨺һʱ䣬ܳɰ񣬶صŮ䡣
Ҷ࣬ͬ۵糸һڰѩ֮Ϸɿǰţǧľ룬Ҷ˵ʱԵ
ȻʮֺΪʲôҶҪȥݷһ±֮صһƺȴҲѯʣֻܹԹԵָ·
ںͺҶշƺʮİգΪѪѪ֮пɵֶһʵ൱ǿټ֮ǰǣҪԸһһ˵ѩɽ黹ǲڻµġ
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࣬㵽ѩɽ֮ϵҰɣʣµ·Լ߾ˣһʱ䣬Ҿͻ
ҲʵǱﲻסˣ׳ʵС֪ܲȥҸƺʲô˵ƺƢǷǳãʵҲǿģ˶
Ҷ΢΢һЦշƺģƢãҾʹԼСĵ㡣
仰֮ҶתȻ뿪Ѿɵڷҡ
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ƺȻѩɽʵڱ֮ҲŵϺţռݵطλûǻǵ
ԶԶģҶͿһ涼ѩɽΧɽȣֻһͨԽ룬ȿ֮Ȼһʯдšƺ֣һҲҪչԼ
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ȻҶǴշƺģȻʲôܵĻ⽫ɽȶȫٵ׶˸ƺ·
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ĸžѹȻҶչ¶һǣҲǳĸ֣ҶСһжǿʵ

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ĸ֣ܹӵʥ֮⣬˶ڵҶ˵ӡȫû
˵ĺϻҶһ˦ĵУǱǡ顱һֱӱ顣
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˵֮Ҷӣ˹ȿڣٻӣһǿֱӽѩɽֱɳȥݺݵˤ˹ȿڣɽ֮ڡ
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ĸ˿Ȼûпǵô࣬ӵ֮æţ֪ͨҵģ
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ҶȻǰ֮ɢһǰƣƺ֮ûκ飬κܹ赲һ㡣
㣬㵽ʲôˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦңδ죡

ȻЩ˺໰ǿԽԽҶȴֻ֪ƴȥܵҶ֮ľ롣
ͬˮһ㣬ҶܿǴȪվĽˣŷ⴦ȪȻѵõȪˮ֮ϣ˿˿Ʈݡ
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549 һ
һߣصʵҲȷǺܸߣҶɨһ֮ȴҡҡͷȻǸƺӻ󣬷Ҫȥ
ĵλȻҲǲͣҶĻŭЦСӣʲôˣȻڴ˴Բѣ
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߾ͿҶһһֻƺȻ͵Լǰŵæ˫ǰƳ
һȵޱߵĺӿλȻҲǱԵĳ
ϧǣȫͷųĺѾܹ֮֮Ҷ˵κεвԡ
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Ҷͷӳ˸ƺλ󵱼ҵ֮⣬»СͷĿǰ߾֮һ
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550 ϵĿ
Ҷ˿ĻѩɽһµȻǸղżʶҶǿʵڸƺȻˣ˳ģȻִ
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֮صߣӵеĶǱԵĳֱѩ֮УȻҲǿԣġ
ˣҶǶԵģǸոӵ˳ֵʵƺ۶ľ磬˵Ѿٰ֮ãǱ֮أ˵ռʱҪҶƴϵ治һܹʤù
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ƺ˵ûҶȻܹϵݵڿͣҪɵʮ׵ĸ߿գǲһ㡣
ȻԼѾƺƣҶȻҲûϣƺΪ֮صһȻҺҽֻ֣֪𣿡
һ仰˵ڶѩɽΪҲˣڣԼĴ󵱼ҾȻʼմ·磬ܵУƺҺҶ潻棡
ƺ侲ҲԼôǰӣһ㻹浱Լ޵ˣҾʶʶɣ
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551 ۶
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仰֮ҶתߣθƺûٽֻǿıӰ¶˼֮ɫ


554 
ֱҶӰʧ˹ȿ֮ڶѩɽγһȫ˸ƺߣҵżĵ󵱼ҵģѵľ͸ˣ
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˶٣ƺҵĵ϶ǻͬʱ֪ͨµѩɽ飬ٶȸϵŮ䣬Ҳʰڳ

ݺᱱ֮ʮĵڶͬһһֻ򣬳ηעվǰλݵˣﰵĥţ֮ʲôʱλôǿĳ֣Ȼ峾Ԫ֮
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仰֮ھʹſܣ뿪תŵڵĵطȥ
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Ҷڿû˼ѣ죬񵽵˵ʲôˣ
Ҳ׷ʵ죬㲻Ľǵʲô˰ɣ


555 ԭ
λֵʣϵЦݣɫ֪ǿеĺʵϾǱޣǲλʱһȺѩȣ֮ҾģⱲɱɱɱֻǾԲᶯģ
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ȻҲȷӦȥѩˣΪǿԶ壬ô˵ﻹһͬ࣬ȻҪȥˡ
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556 
ԭҶ𺳣ؾȻһ־η֮ġ
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ǵĿĳ˼֮⣬ҲҪ̽ǴӵϲͨʶУصھλõ
ڣصھͣ״̬Ϊ֮ǰ˴ĳƣ˾޴ıըըһٶˣ߰˸ˡ
֮ǰʵҲƵ鷢ĶСƣȻˣûӣҲǵ֮УֱεĴըûҼ۽ļƻ
Ҳ˵ȷʵǾ˵ʱֻǴȻǸͷ۵⣬˲֮֮⣬˶ֻǱ֪߷֤֮·ѡ
Ҷѯ˹ڱԼɱλ¼Ҷү飬֪Ѿ¼ҵע⣬ȴû뵽үֻǵ⣬ĴѰңϾǶţ˸ڱ֮϶¼֡
ЩϢ֮󣬸ƺԥɱˣȻҶҶ֣ô죿
󣬾ˣ
ƺ΢΢һô൱Ϥҽȥ˵ξˣλְ
ҶгĵףھˣֻҪһλ֣ʣµ鶼ҡ
ƺҶһҲ벻ͨҶš
֣Եһ£Ϊıһò㲻Ҫܣ
Ҷѧġ֮ˮɲǰѧģִֻӵȡһű飬׵Ľűˮ򣬳ŸƺԴһۡ
ֱӽˮΪ˸ıòֻܴ缳ȡˮˮ֮ﵽıòĿġ
Ƭ֮ҶѾ˸ƺòĸı䣬ȻԼڸƺĿɿڴע֮£ϼȫһ̲ˮϵƶ֮ձ˸ոձɱ¼֮һò
ߣ󣡡


557 ŭ
Ҷ͸ƺ¼˵·¼˵òҡڵ߽Ƭֵ֮С
ɫĴأȵĿտԶһŰСѩݣӰܶȻǵصھ֮ء
ǰڿԿ壬֮һ޴ĵصڣڼΪٿʮ˲Ž롣
ɫڣڰɫĴ֮ϣһͷԶŹŴͣһϽǡ
Ȼ˵صھѾʱͣͣȻкܶæµš
Щ˾ڸۼǣޱ飬ɫ壬ϵĴӵص˳һʯȻſճ߽ڡ
ѾľƺʧȥģǶһΪһ߾ʬ⡣
֮ƮɢһŨصѪζǰոڱըЩ˵ʬͲݲݵĶһյ֮ϣûü
Ҷ˸ŷŭĹâ㸵ƺҲŭ壬ȫ˵Ϊֱ񹲷ߡ
ЩͰѩݶģһŲǹģ϶Ҫ˺ܶѩݣǴľˣѿӦþǹסġ
ƺСĵҶ֣ô죿
ҶעһŸߴѩݵҵĵܵܣȻ˵
ҶĵľĵܵܣΪһܶĲмˣΪٸߣ˴ƶĴըĻûκΰ취ѵġ
ԣҶһֱҪκε飬ȻĻ̫ˡ
˲ɫļǰȥһƬͰѩ֮ǰ
ЩȻҶ͸ƺǶ˵ĳָû˿ķӦԾæµԼеĻ
Ҷʶ˲ɢʼ̽Ѱÿһ˵Ϊ˵ĵܵܺʵ޼ôҲڳҵľ硣
ȻһɺЦ֮ԶҶ͸ƺѭȥһ֮£ɫͬʱ䣬ʩչķжȥ
סķΧ˿һյ֮ϣۼһȺˣÿ˵϶˷֮ɫ˴кá
ǰΧģһһޡ
һֻһİɫѩϰڵϣţϴŻֺ̿;֮ɫעǰǸˣ
һˣϴò·ڵϣֻе֣˫ıֱǲһ
òӲʣɫ԰ף˫ֱŶѩȴǳ֮ɫ
𣬿㰡Ҷ˵ˣֻҪɱֻѩҾ͸㼸˵ĥˣ
ǰȥʱ˿ɱûᰡ
㲻Ǻץʱ򻹴ֵܣôˣòһֻѩɱɣ
Ϊ˰һλӴը֮н˵Ҫ˵òȡ
˿ûôģǴӦԸ˵Ҫɱֻѩ
Ŀѩζ²֣ΪܿĳֻѩԼҪ־壬ԼҪ¡
̧ͷΧ۵˵λŹֻѩɣͬŵңҪͷҲֻҶѣαҪΪأ
һӱ˶ٵˣȻ̧صĲؿ֮ϣһŨ̵ϣϻ㵨ӻǴ󣬾ȻҵʦֶҴˣûɱˣ㻹Ҹ̸
ԱһЦݵĵʦܣǧɱڵĿĹҪɱǵӿɾҪƽˡ
Ҫִٰϰɣôܻȥ
ɴӣҲǷˣ
һ񶾵ЩӵĿð˳˵ȴȻɫƽֲȥϵǿŨ̵˵ˣֻҪֻܷѩٸҼ˵ԸǴã
ʦ׼ݺݵһƵʱͻȻǰһԼһһɾ޴ġꡱ֮Լ۹ǾȻ˲䱻ķ飬޿Ƶʹ˲䴫ȫ
ĺɤ۴ȴһĪסԼԼ
˳ֱۿȥȻץסԼ˾Ȼ¼ҵˣ
ֻǣϤȴ³һȫİᵽ˼ȶǵ֣ǵӣٽǵͳͳϣ
ܵ裬ҶѾ׵ķŭˣеһжͳͳԺֻһͷɱƬ֮еˣ
ѪծѪ


558 һǳ
¼˵òͻȻֵҶΧ۵ˣסˣΪļǵãڲǰҲ۸ôôṦ˸һҪΪ򱧲ƽˣ
ЩѾûжľȥ˼ЩˣΪһӣҶ͸ƺ˼ͬʱˡ
Ҷһλʦֱܵ۳׷飬һȭһֱ֮ϣͬʱ˫̧𣬺ݺݵϥϣһָ׼ȷĶ塣
һĶҶȫһǳɣû˿ͣ٣ٶ֮죬ĿϾӡ
һѾΪ˵ļһ˳ȥҶͬһٵĴ
ܹʮˣܹʱ䣬Ѿȫ˫˫۾Է飬屻ϵԵڵء
޴ʹཫÿȫϯҪ˻йʹ࣬Ҷ͸ƺǶչмӣֱӷǵʶһǴˮԾϰ㣬ʹ֮ɫʹڴڵĺȴһ
ҶȻý˫ʮٴλǵĵ׷ǵΪĳΪʮˡ
ûıʹĳ̶ȻҲ֮Ӿ磬˾ȻӲĻʹʣµ߸ȻɻһʱԸԼ˵ĺã
ɨʮһ֮Ҷߵߣֵûˣ
ȫ׷ʲô飬Ȼɫ򶨣˫֮¶ɻ֮ɫҲûȥסҶֻ֣ǶҶ
ҶԥĻָ˱ĿҽҶѣģ
Ǹѣ
仰¶һ˿ɣҸأû
Ҷһش⣬ӣҪȻȴæֵñң̫࣬Լж
ϵȷ࣬ھټϻҪܵ˵裬·ͱ鲼̵ණ
ԼֳصִԸͬԸǴȻĻҲΪ˰ԼѶЩ裬Ҳֻѩɱ֮¶ڵԼϵۻŪҶ·
ҶȴǸûκԥֱӽ䱧ͬʱתͷÿֻСѩóηС۾Լ
ҲϽ߰ɣԽԶԽãǧҪٱץˡ
ѩҶĻһת̻֮һŰ׹⣬Ŵڴ˹ȥٶҲǼ졣
վҶŸƺ֣鷳ҵһ󣡡
Ѿزƺ֪ƽƽ뿪ټҲ˷ŭԻȥˣһͷģ
ҶοƶƬͰѩȥһһ߸𣺡һ㽫˶ټһ𣬲Ȼս˵ˡ
Ƭ֮˲ֻнˣĶǱץߣҶҪֿ
ͷҶ磬ܲܽڵķӡҲԳģ
Ҷʶһɨŷĵ֮⾹Ȼһɫâ֯ɵĵԭǵĳѾ˸ӡ
Ȼӡڳ֣Ҷ֮䣬Ѿ˽±ԭıֱ֮ӿڣ׵Ľŵ˺÷顣
㰲ĵĵžУʰЩ飬ò֣
ƺĿҶո뿪͸оʮԼӿ˹Ȼ﷢Ѿע⡣
ͷôãǼʶʶҵ
ĶֻЩߣŶڸƺ˵ͲǶ֣˫ӶʮɢǿҺİɫֱͬһһݺݵĳ˳ȥ
ʱҽε֮Ѿһ˱У徹ȻɲǼķѣӲı˿
ûбеģĺѾǵ弤Ĵ׷ɲסǰΣټǰ
ƺվЦЦ֮
ʱҶҲѾص˵Ͱѩ֮һĳХټҲǲϵĺţƬ֮䣬߰˰˶Χ£˹
ҶХûͣ£ԶͻȻҲһХХ죬вס䣬ѪԵڵء
Ȼ֮гĸֳˡ
Ҷһӿȣͬһӿзӿ۳һ֡
֮ŭ֮
ǿڿдˣ׵ԶǸХȻֹӿǼǰ̣ǰӿȥ


559 Ϲ
ȻҶѾ֮λֵ֪Էˣƺһ˾Եֵסŵһȫĵط֮Ƕۼңȥɱǣ
Ҫ˵ҶѾתһĳ˸ƺǱߡ
ͣһ׳ǿӣҵصȥ
ǿҲŮˣǸ׳˷֮ɫעԶѾ˴һĸƺĻһ㶣̶ɫͻȻˣиϹһЩСڵصﰡ
ϹЩ˶֮еĳֵĳƺСȻָľǳĸˡ
Ҷ֪Ƭ֮Ȼλ֣ǵ֮ȴֻλһλѾ˵صһͽͽѰû͵Ľơ
ǿӽŵ磬㲻ȥȥ˵ĻǳֲԾ϶һɱ㣬ȥ֪ͨλǰɣ
΢΢һЦǰҪԸλϹһȺСѾǷˣ취סϹߣҹȥ
ǿӺȻݺһŵ磬ȥţ
˵֮󣬲𣬰Ⱦŵصڱȥɫһ䣬˫ͻȻ̧ͬһٵ˳ȥòסǿӵ˫ȣһͬʱ˫ֽ˾Ȼһ֮Ӳĳ˹ȥ
ǿӣڷӡѾҶ忪ˣֵܵһӡδȥֻٺˣ
ǿſڵϷվ촽ȴ˵ֻһҧ屧𣬳嵽˵صڡ
ʱ˿̣вڵص֪淢ʲô£֮ȻһɧȻһͷˮ
ǿӵǿӣҷŵм䣬Ȼ󽫴Ҷеһ𣬴һȥ죡
ǿӽŵڵм䣬ȻȰԼһ뿪Ƣʵ̫ˣֻĻʼæžۼЩȻãǡ
ĬĬĿһۣ۾ʼԼڸոջָǺܶ
Դ̱֮ȻܶҪ𣬵Լȴ־ܾκ˵İΪΪΪ׸ԼĸΪԼĴ
뵽Լĸ磬ͬһһûи߹κˣڼ֮ǰһϣͻȻҵʹ˺ѷεʹܵ뵽Լĸǲǳʲô¡
ʱ䣬ÿ뵽磬ͻᴫһʹֻܱԼҪȥ룬Ϊô϶κ£϶ƽ
ң罻ѶôǸʲôˡ
ڣΪԼЩ˶ɱԼҲܾôţʲôҲ
ȻԼҲ΢ٿ֤Լ׸

Ҷûڸƺ׵ĸɵʮ֮󣬳ĸ̸֪˸ƺǿƣһ̷ֹ
һȴͬһһѩ֮г˻δһϹѾ˸ƺ
ԼϹ⣬ƺǵ壬Цƽڵƹëû뵽ﰡ
ţƺȻһɣ
һ׹ֱӭ˿еǵϹ⡣
䣡
âײ죬׹ⱬըȻһ͸ıܣεĵסϹ⡣
Ϣ㣬ƺôĵӣȻҵң
Ϲ֮һƮƮʿ֣һץס˲ѵϹ⽣Ȼ¡

һ죬˲䱬˿
ƺЦһֻͱ󸣺ƵˣͿ㲻ˬˣӾ
ƺһԾȻıϣצڵһģڴصľҲ֮УȻ˿еƵˡ
ڸƺƵսһʱһȻ𣺡ƺͬأòҪ췴ɣ
һʨڣͷţͬʨӰ׳˿УǡʱҶҲͬϵ˵潣ֱӻһ⣬׳ȥ
׳Ȼ潣Ľ⣬ȴûпһǿ֮зһߣȻ㲻潣Լ塣
ﬡһ죬潣ײһӲĸ֮ϣֱӱȥ
Ҷۼֿ죬Уס潣а𾪣׳徹ȻӲ˹潣޷ֱһЩˡ
ʱҶ뵽ѪѪĻһͻ׳ǿӲ塣
Ҷ֣Сĵ㣬žͽʨǿǺĳϣ
ƺȻںƵ˴ļңҲҶ
ҶһЦǿ
ҾͿķǿҵķǿ


560 ħ
Ҷص棬Ѿ£ԼΧЩˣָſеʨղХƵģ˵ƤڣûеӺұһ°
Ҷⷬƺ֪ҶҪʲôˣв͵ЦҶҪˣƶԸʨˡ
Ҳȷʵе棬֪ҶǹԷʨܷ˺
ʨȴǷЦЦͬһֱضƺΪ֮𶯲ѣЩĵǣҲ׷ǴЦ
ЦҶĲȻҪʨӲӲüʯͷײʱ֪ôġ
ҶһЦʨҪûӵĻǾͳҹԶԶģ
ƨʨһȻӿ
䣡
Ȼ񱩵ڵϣҳӶѷ죬Ǵһ꣬ϯ˷
Сëһֻ־㣬㻹Һұһ£
˭˭һأ̫һķϻˣб¾ʹ
𣡡
ʨ췢һͬʨӰŭͷѾȫһָҶ㣡
£ʨѾŲҶ˹ȥ
ߴͣ˫ҪһĴţڵϣͬһֻԶһֱô¡¡죬΢΢
׵ľ˲Ҷǰû˿ڵһȭȭͷ֮оȻķ֮
ȭ
ɽ
ǹɺصϢѾҶλʨ˽⣬治ǿ
ʨֹʽҲҶһˣɮеݺУ
֮УݺжԿǰʩչĹʽȴ弼
弼ȫʩչս֮嵱յǴڵǲϵÿһλÿһ鼡⣬ÿһͷӶǵ󻯵ı
ȥ弼Ϊ̫ʹ࣬;У弼δ֮ʱߵĶ֣ܹ˳Ľӵޣô˾ͿԱΪǵķܱǾ˵ģ
һʮᣬвеĻЩ弼ǿߵȴܵõڹ͡
ݺ弼֣λʨȻҲǣ
弼֡
ǵǰǽؼ֮ĹᱻӣֱǿͿ񱩵״ݻ١
ʨʢŭ֮µһȭκ˵Ļһ̾Զ뷽跨Ķ㿪
ǣҶȻ㲻ʨһǾܹһСɽ׷ȭݺݵĴԼϡ
飡
ҶԴƫƫȴ˿ڱ˿ĵط˫ŵӿȪѨ֮ѾӿףͬһĶ˽µı档
渲֮µ֮Ҳ˳ԴԴϵӿ壬Ȼ֮ϣγһεϵսס
Ǿ˴֮ʨһȭҶȻһ˿Ѫɴ˿ɼʨֱǿ˱̬ĵز
ҶѪڳĿһȭеǾѾ޷ˣ
ҶȻӲʨһȭһ˿
ƺԼе΢΢ۣһȭصԼһ
ʨҲסˣһ˫۾ҪɳۿĶҶ
ҶͷԼߵѪĵ𣿡
ŭ֮£ʨٴһȭ
飡
ҶȻٴβ㲻ǰһȭȻͬղһֻƫƫͷ¶ЦݵֻôĻҲ̫ʧˣ
𣡡
ʨٴŭϵ·ͻȻѿΪļԼٶš
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʨ֮¶͵ļ⣬Ȼͬһ޴صʯһȥͼӲޱȣһܸоһֱըԵ
ͬʱͷϿպȻһֻ޴ڹ꣡
ԭҶһֱΪʨĳʨӣȻû뵽ĳȻڹ꣡
ҶСģħ壡
䣡
ڹ꣡
ҶȻסǺպʥ֮һ֮Ϊǿʥһƴ
ͬʱҲǴ˵Եʥޣ
ѵ˵ʨȻҲǺӵʥ޳ˣ
Ҷ𾪵ʱʨȻһȭӳ
ͬǼ򵥵һȭȭͷȥһ̣ǼӲޱȵļ澹ȻֱƷ˹
ƾȭܹ֮õļƷһȭ̺֮ǿжأ


561 ɫ
ʨһʯ쾪һȭҶҲӲˣ뽫ϵĴ֮ȫתƵϣ׼ӲӲʱ򣬶ͻȻһö֮Ůľϵ֮
Ҷ֪ںˣҴʱѾ˻ϵ̼֮Ҫȫľϵ֮ǲܵ£ȴҲ߾ܵĴ֮伳ȡľϵ֮ϵ֮Уȭͷӭʨһȭ
䣡
ȭͷڿײһȻȴľ죡
ţӰͬʱ˳ȥ
˷ֱɳȥʮ׵ľ֮󣬾ʯͷһصˤڵأһ
žһļž
˶עǣƺƵ˶ʱֹͣ˹ĿҲͶע˵ϡ
ҶֵָѾȫϵȻȻճȭȭͷȴȫΣ˫۽գ֪
ʨ׳˶ħѾָԭȴֻǹһ˿Ѫͬﲻʡ¡
Ÿʲôɱǣˣ
ƵͻȻһȣеˡ

ĸ̳ҶԼԶЩѾۼһĿǣ

ڵصм䴦ĿϢͻȻ۾ΪԸܵĵһǿӵصٵӿ˳
ȻƬ֮һλ֣
ȻԼʵͶԷûκεĿɱԣԼҪסҲ۵ȴѾȥˡ
˿ͷֳһŰɫĻ棬ڵһ̺ޱȫԼ˫ۡ
ֻ֮Ѹһı飬ƣұ֮ȴһȼյİɫ棬ƣ
ֵܶ˲ӵ˫ԵߣӵеĳȻҲȫͬǵؼǾ
˫Ȼ˵档
һ˫ֵıͻ澹ȻΪмߣͬʱֱŵӶȥֱӳ˽ʮ׿⡣
ԭȫǵĴ֮ϣֳ̱ͬ
ŰұڣɫĺͰɫĻ˲Ҳһǽڵˮһֱ˴ˡ
ȻʱͷŰɫ澹Ȼı͸ģܿʧˣ
黯ǳصı־óޡ
˭ҲûϵѾ̱ˣȻΪѾĸ磬ﵽ˳صľ磡
黯֮ϵĺͻȻҲģ
ȵȫʧ֮𲻽һѾʪ͸ûһ˿Ѫɫȴ¶Цݡ
ڣһӰԼٶȴӵص֮г˳ȥۿӰҪ嵽ԼǰʱͻȻһվס
ӰȻһȻɲסΣʱٴ˫һĵ档
䣡
ոʧĺͻȻ漣Ĵӵٴð˳
ɲ֮䣬ͺͽλĸָΪվλҲʮɺϣ˫÷ֱ֮С
ⲻ֮£֮ϸһȼŻı顣
Ȼ߾뵽ܹס˵İ취Ƕڳ˵Сûκεв
һЦ鿪ϨӰ̧ۿҪһȻʱͻȻһ⣬ٴγ̧˫֣˫֮۳һ۴Сţݺݵ˳ȥ
ֻҳȥĿ겢ǸӰӰµһ档
䣡
˵棬Ȼը
ͻȻһɫȻӵ֮ȽȽ𣬰׹ɣصȫ֡
׹һǸո׼ӰȻԭأһ
һĻе˷ܣϵ˷ܺܿͰȥҡҡͷüϸŵ߲ˣ
ƣ
סӰзһȣ׹⾹Ȼͬһ֧·Ӱһ߳׹̼ȫͬǶһȫ˱꣬һء
Ӱڳ֣һòɭߣıԵеŤ
ݺݵĵȻ𣬿зһֽеͬ壬Ҿ֪㣬ֻû뵽㾹Ȼ֪ĽƣһСˣ
ͻư׹⣬֪ѾǱɣȴû˿Ļźη壬ʮƽ΢΢һЦǫֻϧûɱ㣡
ɱңֵǲʶ̧ٵļһҾɱ㣬Ȼɱɣ
ǫ̧йâ˸ݺݵ˹ȥ
ۿâĵʱͻȻ໡һǺ𣬽źһǫƶʱ˸գΪղŻ޷Ȼʧˡ
໡
һǺӵص֮һͷ׵ľ޴ǣѪݺݵĶǫıϣȻ
໡
ͻȻȺǵĺ˴˺Ӧأ춯񷣡
ǣ

ƬشȻǺ֮кȻǬգһ̣˵ɫȫˡ
ǧֻͳ׵İɫѩǣΧƬ򣬻ע֮еˣ˫Ѫ֮׺ݵĿ⣡


562 ڵ
ѾȫƬΧѩȺ˶֪⵽ôˣȻڱ֮أ˴˼ǾԵĳйϵǻĴûзΧ
οľȻһࡪѩǣ
ѩҲһ֣ӵһԸײУѪŽᣬڱ֮أЩѩͲͨҰޣǿޣ
ֻиƺڿͷ޴ĺ֮ʱҶġǡӦþ˰ɣ
ȻǺǣ
ķǳʱڼ䲻ݷ֮ʾҲ׵Ťתľơ
ǧֻѩǣҪĽˣʵǼɵ顣
ںǵıϣȻãȻһ֪ͷΪʲôὫԼȻʱĶкȻһҶأ
΢΢һ㶣عҶҶǱߣ
һָѾһ⣬ֱӱǸ򣬶ٴһѵ˵ղŵͷǷģ
ʱҶ΢΢һָղǺԼ״̮ľ޴죬ӻо˹
Ŭķӵ֮󣬺Ҳǰ
ѪڿҶѾεʱһĺ⣬ֱ˭ɵģ
ȻղѾ뵽˺˵ĿܣǿڣȻ̲סһǱ
ҶҡһԴ˿Ծû˿ʨ΢΢ЦЦ˵ĸأôˣ
ȴ˸ӵһ㣬Ҫʲô
仰ҶҲȻñ֣һָ˵ɱǣһ
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һŵ˵ϣ˶ĳë֮󣬶Ȼ췢һǺ
໡
ǧֻѩǵõʿһ׷췢ХӦͣͬʱ֫һ׹⣬ͬɫĳˮһǣ
ǿҶһ۵ȥɱǸ࣬ͰŰɣ
£Ѿڰ׿⣬˵صڴǫ
Щǵذ嵽ԼǰѩǣֶЩСѾſʼܡ
ҲЩѩǵʵûǿ׺ޱȣη֪Žսһֻ򲻹Ǿʮֻһϡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ƬѾսɱ죬ȫڲ
սǳңҲǲ֮һͷѩ𣬸սһ˺ѳ룬ѪɽɣԱߣһڵĵֳ̽ԴѪ죬Ѫޱȡ
ƺЦųƵˣѾȫ֮սʤѶҲκι˼ˡ
ҲǫߣԷȫ䵱һˣ
ݵãǫѾ˹ϾҲǳĸ֣Ȼ֪ǱޣִС
ѩȺͻȻ룬Ѿɱ˺ü¼֮ˣΪķŭ޲̽ͷǸС
ȻǵüͻȻѿһĿѪⱬâýǫȫƬ̵ʧ
ǳûһԾһŭ𣬷צݺݵǫϣ㽫İ˺ѿ
Ҷε֣żĵҶ磬ôˣû°ɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷû£ʨ̫ˣѾɷˡ
ûпҶʨ֮ĶԾ仰һҶ磬ʨˣ
һȭȻҵָϣҲ飬ܵ˵Ӯˣ
ȫɵˣʨĿֲǷǳȻҶȻһȭʨ࣡
Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ʵҶӮ÷ǳңǸͻȻŮѣȻִټֻľϵǵʨǿ񱩵ȭͷײ֮ʱȴĸоôٵľϵȻֱܹ룬֮ɱʨ֮УӶࡣ
۵Ӵϵȴֱӱʨ顣
Ϊʲôأ
ȻҶĶ˺ǵҶҪܶĻǱߵɽڵ㣡
˭
ȥ֪ˣ
Ҷвеɻʲô˻ԼҺǻʶˣ
˿ܣɱѾӽβѩǺĿ˾棬˻Ѿ˴ֻ˻ڿҲǿ֮ĩΪǵۼԽԽѩǡ
Ƶ˺ǫҲòȥ
Ƶ˵ͷɫϵĻâƺƺͷųǿȴܹ⡣
ǫ˺ǵֻ۵͵ϮѾˣںǵǿ֮£ֻм֮޻֮
Ҷվ͵˰ȫȺ֮УȻԼȻ뿪ž˵شаҵһߴѩɽȥ
˭Լ


563 
Ҷһ߿ѩɽȥһ߲ϵѾȫ֣ﻹڲͣ˼ž˭ɽԼ
ѩɽΡ룬ɽƶͣѩɽ·᫣˵ͨˣǳҲʵǡ
Ҷȴƽһɣǧ׵ĸ߶ȲƬ̾Ѿ꣬ǰɽۡ
ɽ֮ӿ֮оȻһɫӰ
һϮ£ʥѩƮ裬ǽҪ˷ȥŮһ
ҶѾͣ˽ŲǰӰ˼ŶԷݡ
ʱӰת˹Ҷĳ࣡
һ˼µŮӣʮͣڷ裬Ľë΢΢֮һɵ촽ݣϸü߱ǣ񼡱壬վ
Ůվͬһ֧չһ㣬ΧȻںһ𣬷·صһ֡
ҶûмŮǴϻˣǰŮȴĸо
ϵľ֮ɫѵõҲ˵ĳף·ؼһǰҪȻʧɫԲλ֮С
ҶǵõĪһҶԼʱ˵·ʵʲʺĪ硣
ǰŮӲĿԱΪɣ
Ͼ
ҶŮǱŵȻԾҲŮӵľգȴûκα뷨ݵ֮ƽߵŮӵǰ
ŮӺȻݸһЦͬٻʢһ㣬֮ϵ̫ʧȥɫʡ
ŶԷһЦҶðһͷŮӾͬλһ㣬̫ʵˣ˵Ѿĵز
죡
ҶͻȻһ͵ؼԼڼ֮ǰҲĸо
βѩ
ڿβѩһ̣Ҷͱ𺳵ˣʱлðһŹֵͷβѩܹΪһŮ˵ĻôŮ˱ؽѵһŮӣ
ȻŮɵɢ˿¶һ˫ڲͬİɫͫʡ
ǣβѩ
ҶԾ˵仰ŮϵЦٴͬʱſͣͬҶĶ𣺡ӺҾǾβѩҽѩ裡
ѩ裡
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ҶȴͻȻףѩǸղԼʨһʱǸöŮˣ
ѩǰ
Ҷ֪γƺԷˣΪܹûεޣѾǳ֮Ϊʵǿ֮ƺԷΪǰ˵ӦõģѩգҶʵڽвǰ֣Ƕһ裡
ѩһЦ㲻ĻҺһҶ磬㺰Ҹ趼У
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ҶһλܻûεԼΪ磬Ŀǰû磡
ûʲô׵ģΪҲҵĴ磬ǴҲ˵ֵܡ

ҶȻ۾ǾȻѩĴ磬ѵʶҹϵƺǳ
ֻǺв򣬶βѩڱ֮أܼɣ
ҶȻӣѩЦŵҺǴǸոʶġ
ŶҶ˵ͷǻӣȻܹһλʵ߹ľβѩá
ѩ裬лղųҡ
ûʲôģӦллҶ磬ҵͬ塣
ҶʱȻѩͬȻֻǰԼھͬʱ˳ַߵСѩ
裬˵ңʲô𣿡
ѩ˵ͷðҶҪллҶ֮⣬ҲϣҶܹһæ
ллͲˣҲңֻҪʲôæ
Ҷʵ벻ͨһܹûεȻҪԼæĵط
ûѩ迪ڣҶȻ˺ǵǻûأ
ںǵĵҶûκ⣬ѩҲЦųֵĺǴ˸кǴ磬˰
ǵ˵ͷֱߵҶſʰˣȻȥĵܷܵҪ㡣
֪ˣ
Ҷͺ֮ȻҪ˵ʲô׻ˡ
ˣôͻȻģ
ԼצӵշǸ֮󣬾ȥѩˣȻ裬˵һʲôֵһ¾֪϶ҪˣԾʹѩȺ˹
ôƵģ
ңƵģУĵܵܣҲȵģû뵽ܶƲֻԳ־
Ҷǰæѩһֵлˣ
ѩ뻹ȻǲͷĴϵллȥˣ鷳ȳĵܵܣͰ񹬣ȳķ𣡡


564 񹬵
ǵĻҶٴǸϵĴ˵ͬʱҲеѣ֮Уѵ˵ѩķλٳԭѩʣ
ҲûпܣȻλѩԶ֮ǰѩ趼ܹûˣܿҲʾ硣
ֻҶʵ޷ǰŮӾȻѾ֮á
ʱѩ촽Ǵ磬˵ˣҰǾȳЩ˲ҪԴΪǰңȻʴ˵Ĵм䣬μ䲢ûȫѣҲֻ֪ڻأΣķкܿҲԣȫԾܾ
ȵȣҶִѩĻ裬Ūλѩʴˣѵķ𣿡
ͣѩЦǸֱӵԳĿ⿴Ҷ󰡣ͱҶҪС࣬ôܺѩǷأ
СĶࣿѾ˰
Ҷ׵ˣѵ˵ѩ費˳Ư֮ҲţȻȺǻҪСôܾˣҪ֪ʵ֪ǿ˺ֵزĶû޳Σ
Ҷ磬ˣľ绮ֱ׼ĻֻһƷޣ֮ӵΣΪǺó仯֮ټҾʴ˵Ĵм䣡
ԭ
嶼һЩıܹӵ𣬺ܹݵ֮Ǳ仯֮
ķôܵ񹬣ԭǽѵܹӰ죿
Ҷʵ̫࣬ѩ赹ǷǳģһһϸΪҶ
ԭѩķֻͨĺ壬Ȼǰĳһ죬ȻȺʵĴм䣬Ӷ˱޵ľ磬Ϊ֮ͬеٮٮߡ
ѩķΪ磬ʵѩҪǿһЩΪˣڱ񹬵ĺҪԶԶѩ衣
ǣ͸ԼоѵĲʵļ䣬Ҳ֪ʲô취ȻĽ뵽˱֮С
ѩҲȥΪѵļ䲻࣬ԸҲķ
Ϊ޺ͺ壬ѩ֮һӦȻ֮Ҳûгȴ֪ԾɻţҺܿĳֽ֮У棬Ҫ񹬾
ǡõʴ˷ӡ񹬵ʱѵ񹬲֮ڽѷӡѩ˵һѵĻᡣ
ֻһƵǵ֪һ֮ظ˵ȫҺҶҲӦǾ˺淢һ顣
ҶȻֺԼӦ£Ƭ̵񹬵ûʲô⣬ֻǼȻϢѾɢ˳ȥʱƱػкܶǰᡭ
֮ԻΪǷ޶˾ʴ˵ļ䣬ֻҪܽ񹬣ҵ磬ô֮ƿر񹬡
ǷʵϾǱ񹬵ˣǸܽᡣ
ҶһͷãҴӦ㣬׼ʲôʱ񹬣ﻹеҪȽ
ȻҶѾɱôˣôȻչıڵҪȻĻһ˳ȵ֮󣬿±֮ѾʬҰˡ
֮󣬱񹬻ȫѷӡһ֮󣬱񹬵ٴθ֣Ǹʱǽ񹬵ʱ
һµʱ䣬Ŀ겻еѶҲĴ󣬲ȻҶѾӦѩ裬Ȼپܾ
ãһ֮棡
ѩ迴Ҷͺһ֮󣬺Ȼȥ۴гɹлҶǴ磡
ѩ֮Ҷͺת뿪ȻѩȻҶ磬
Ҷͣ½Ųתʲô𣿡
ѩһָҶĺ󱳵Ҷ磬㱳ŵǲһʬ壿
Ҷʱһû뵽ѩ边ȻԼŵʬ壬ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
Ҷ磬ܲܽҿ
ǱҪҶһݺݵ˦Է⣬ȻѩҪҶҲ޷ֻܾе֣ѩΪʲôҪһʬ塣
ҶʬӱϽ£ŵ˵ϣѩһ֣ʬϰŵʵʵ·ɢ˿¶ʬ塣
ٴοʬ壬Ҷٴӿֳ˱ʹ۾ٿѩȴӣϸۿ
Ƭ֮Ҷѩ𣺡ȻԼ뵽˶Ͻ֮УΪԼһ


565 һ
ѩǳöǴ˿仰ҶĶУȴҶ͵۾һѩǰʵ㣬˵ʲô
ֹҶ˴ķӦҲ¶𾪣֮漴͸һϣ֮⡣
ѩָѾͬ̿һʬ壬֮ȴȻŵǱɫĶϽӦӵб˫֮壬֯۳Ͻ֮ʱƴԼϽΪԼһ
ЩҶĲ̫֮ǰѩԼľϵԸʨӶԼҽܣѩԵ˽ҪԼͨĶ࣬ټԼҲɻΪʲôҪϽɿȻҲˡԼûг
ֻ˭Ҳû뵽صľܿԼ꣬ϽԼǰüʦЩڸҲûʶȥϽ
ĺܻܿһ
裬а취ܹ𣿲ʲô취ʲôۣ
Ҷе˵ܹȻԸ⸶κεĴҲϧ
ѩüû̸ش𣬺ȻҶѽҶˣҶ磬ָҡ
ҶָԷ飬ȻʼԼ󣬵Ч󣬴˿ѩĻеɻ󣬲ǽ˳ȥ
ѩԼһ˫ƣĽҶְ
ܹһŮӼף¼κһӲ˼ҶȴΪܸоĵѩ˫޹ǵ֮һů
ԼȫĹͷͬůůİ֮УȻ漣Ŀʼϣ
Ҷ۾ʶ鲻Խ̽ůһɫ硣
ľ֮
ľϣ٣Ҷίʵû뵽ľϵ֮ȻӵЧһ˵ǿ
ȻҶˣβѩޱȣǵˣڿ֮ʱȡ
ӣβѩӵб仯֮⣬ͬӵ֮ܡ
һӵʱ䣬ҶѾѵĹͷȫһһ˿˰Ҳû¡
ѩɿ˫֣¶һ˿԰ףЦЦˣ
ȻѩȻӵ֮ܣҲ
ллҶæлָ֮ʬ裬ܲܡ
ȻһĿǰҵ޷帴ԭܽӶϽ֮г֪һ裬Ҳܹ
ҶѾӦѩҪ񹬣ȻǼᶨ˾ģһ֮ҲֹԼԼһҪ
½ʬ屻ϣѩ裬Ҷͺѩɽʱ˿̣Ҷޱȵĳ졣
ɹľȳǣȻиĿܣһһĺϢʵ̫죬еӦӲϾ֮С
صƬԾɵȴţҲѾɨĸɸɾЩǵʬѻһ𣬶ѩǵʬǱǵͬ屳Լϡ
ѩ˵ԼͱԼͬʽ
ҶͺǵĹ໹ѩǶӭȥ
ƺЦеĵҶ֣ЩѩǣǴ󹦸ɡ
ҶͷﲻǾ֮أǸϽ뿪֣ѩҲһɣ
ǵ˵ͷһǺеѩ̳Ӧ֮䲢ûֹĶǣ˵ֻ׼һ׼򡪡ǿΪ
ΪǻʵĺᣬȻЩѩҲĸԸ
Ҷøƺȸϻȥ֪ͨһͬʱҲϾǧڶŷӡٶȻ̫죬ҲûʱΪһһ⡣
ѩҲʱ䵱Ľɫֱһ˻ˣҶԱһ˺ƺƵŮķȥ
ƽĵִŮ䣬ϵ͵õ˸ƺϢȫվ棬ȴˡ
ֵˣŮ̳ȥҵԼˣͷʹޡ
ۼǣһĻҲȻ£һ͵͵Ĩᡣ
ϵֱӽҶĻнӹݺᣬȴµΪ˼Ĩȥϵˮ
ѩɽѩǣʱǾĵվһԣȻһ˷ܵԶԶ𣺡ǻˣ
Ҷ΢΢һ𣬻Ȼתɿĳ嵽Լǰһ
˳ôˣ


566 
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˳ҶҲܸˣЦŵָһ㣬ҪңҾ͸ˣ
ʱ򣬲ôǲǳʲô£
˳ҶƵģȻˣҶĻ᲻Ƴʲô顣
᳤û£˳ȻѹȺ£᳤ϲҹ㡣
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Ҷ㶣ȻھʸףǴʱ˿ôˣʵڲѯʣֻȽ
Ůڴطϲлع׷׹лҶæ˺һ֮ǰ
ҶҲ˼ѩݾһ𣬿ʼһļƻ
Ϊֻһµʱ䣬ڶҶ˵ʱ̫󣬲˿˷ѣԱҪ쳹׽顣
Ȼ˳ѾˣҶȻҲеһԵȫȻȴš
֮⣬̽Ҳ˽
ܵ񹬺;βѩϢӰ죬ڶڻڱչصļλϼҲ׷׳أĦȭƣ׼ᡣ
˳Ƭ֮ͿڵոɱһٶˣȻǴٱǸٹ̣ʵǿϵһĻǶԸ鷳Ǳһý̶䲻⣬һң
ղλ˵ˣ֮ȻڵʵǾͨ󷨣ԸȽ鷳ԲȽʵǿĺ
֮Уǿ¼ң֮
ȥѾҶϵڻս֮еʨԼֵ֮⣬Ŀǰʣ³ˣʮˣӡ߰˰ˡ
˳Ľ飬Ҷͺǣͬʱ쳾ϸֹʮˣԼѩǰ
ƺ죬λԸλ֣֣רɱ֣ͬʱչѩǣܵļѩǵ
Ƕ˳İǷǳģһ仰ȴĬĬͬˡ
ѩǴ඼ޣʮƷޣҲֻܺͳһصĸֿ⣬ֻ޾Կĸ֣ѩǵʵʵġ
ֻѩڶ࣬ٶȿ죬Žһ£ͻȻĳ˴ΪǿѹȸкΣУ߽ԷĵЧ
֮⣬˶סһ㣬һҪԼ֣ЩǿģȻʰˣߺҲ̳ȥʰս
ȵ˳˵֮ҶҲվ˳¹شϣλҪ˽ҪȫԸһǾ仰ȵ֮Ҿͻҵ뿪ʱǾǱ֮İ
ڶѩɽ϶ֳ˷ܺɫΪһȷǷǳǡ
ҶȻһתӻҪˮ㣬һҷ֣飡
䣡
˵Ķжһıը֮Ҷ֮϶ȻѪ⣬˷·ѪĻһ˫۾ȫѪɫԼĿ˫Ѫԣ̻оɱȻ߰죬һɾ޴Ŀ־ĵȻ
Ҫ۾Ųȴֻܳĳֿ־֮Уƴ֡
ҶܿϵѪ⣬ָɲǵĹ˶оһѣ·亹ʪ͸СĸվվȣֱԵڵأҾþ޷
ƺЩǣ˿Ҳоҡ޹ģȫ޷Գ֡
ҶΪ֮ѪͷųЩѩɽһ塣
Ȼ֮ĺеѩɽٲһ˿һиίˡ
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һ£ǧֻѩǣʮ࣬Ҷű֮صħʮ֮һȥ
Ůǧأ˼壬ɾǲһ޴ı֮С
ܹɽǧ˱֪֮Ҷ׶֪·Ļ붴ھͻ᳹ʧ
סڽȴΪǵ֮أΪǱ֮УȻ֪ϸĵ·
ոһ˿ףھ뺮ʮصĵطҶѾۼ
ҶҲһζˣס˳˵ĻֻҪȫԸҿǱ֤˶ƽ

ҶһȣѾ˳ȥǧֻѩǽǵĺ󣬾ͬһȺɫĹһϢȥʮϵѩɽǱ٣


567 
⣬ŵĵһС졣
ԴӺʹûκ˸ôҲֻӶѣ϶ϣ㿴ְأҲǳ䣬ͷС
ö֮ЩȻ޼ɵ
Ȼգ۾ףҺ񿴵һӰˣǿûУ
ɣҿǿӰˣʲôӰ
ҿŮ˰ɣٺ٣ʦ˵ץڵص棬мɫģͷʦֵƨǿ磡
ⷬʱǵȤѹһЦȥ
ȻԾ͵վģӰ˶ڣ᲻˰
˵̸˱ϣŭĵ˵û꣬˵ǿˣنȥȥ
û˵ˣȴͻȻŴ˼ޣϲ˿־֮ɫ
ʱ˿̣ǰϢֻѩǣΪ׵һֻǻɫľˣһ˫Ѫ۾Լ
⼸ŵĵҽжѾѩȺ˺ƬѪȾ˰ɫĴء
ѩȺû˿ͣǰӿ˺ڣ
ţھ˴˷Ĳҽ֮ЩǸû붼Ȼ˸Źɣһڶѩǡ
׶ĸ֣ʵǷҶǣһȺѩںǵĴ£ֱӿһɽͬɨҶһͽڵʮ׽ɱȻٽһɽƬ̵Ĺ򣬾ʮɽ
ʮʵѩɽǸ˳󣬰Ѿ֪·ߣרĸ֡
ϸ˵Ⲣǽ֣һɱЩͬȰֵѩɽǣ֮ûбΪʬ
һʱȥڵѾ룬ʣĵ˹ʼ˷ķ
ûкǣҲЩӻлĻᣬ²УٿԳߣ˺ͷƷ޵Ĵڣ׵ĶϾǵ
ǲûרŵĳ˷ȫ֣Ӵͬһ𱣻һػѩǵİȫͬҲѩɽǣ
ǿĺӣںǵǰǲһ
ˣѩɽѩǵϣټ˳ҵָӺͺǿֻ֧֣ʮֻѩĴ۾ȫ˺еӣ
ںλ֣ȻʵǿᣬͬҶ˵Ķ֣кǵļ룬ҲڱȫС
ڱ֮ħʮ֮һĺʱ֮䣬Ѿ߽⣬Ӵ֮ԶĴӱ֮ʧˡ
ʣȻҶȥģ˳ȵķԸЩΪڳµѩɽѾϵʼɨо֣սսƷ
һĻܣǴκη˵൱ɹ۵ģѩɽ㻨һʱǽжȫߣú׳Ϊһֻ˵Ŀն
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治֪ʹʯʲôȻܹӵ˾˵ã
Ҷվע⵽ǰһĿԣ˴˽š
һۣҶҲ΢΢һ㶣ΪȻ֣ĳྐྵȻżƣ
Ҳסԭ
ڣҶĻָҲعŸݵϳɻ֮ɫԾĶ˭
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֮һ㶣̶׻һ㣬ͻȻŵŵš˳֮Զ͸¶Ŀ־֮ɫָܣ㣬㲻
һɫٴڿնϣ˶׸߸𣬼ֻǳȴΪʥ֮ͷųһбصİ
΢Цŵ㲻ʶңҲӦʶɣ㣬ʲôϵ
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ƺѾȫɵˣվû˿ӦǾ׼ʵʱȴȻ֮˦ӳһɫĳ
ͨɫñѩɣƳգ˶Ŀİ׹⣬ͬһڵӣӿĳ
Ҷվһԣʱ߻͵Ϯڿӳ֣ȴһ֣
һ̣ƺҲ˺Ȼͨ徧Өţֵٶȿ쵽˲˼顣
ϡһȻ־ץסɫĳ
˵Ҳ֣֮󣬵֮ϵĶĿ׹⾹Ȼ˲һʵ޻ĳ
˵ĸоǵԣ˺ԶͶ˵Ļһ㡣
ḧϵЦ֮жһįͼԹһǧ꣬û뵽ҾȻܼ㣡
ԭΪԹĵȻǹУ
һֻ巢䣬ѪҺƺѾ̣ΪȫȷվԼǰ˵ݡ
ܣⲻܣҡԴͬʱš
ƺûвߵоȻȫעеıԹ֮ϣֱȫ˵ׯ԰֮ڣٿȻ̧ͷ
һΣ
Ҷȫ֪ҪʲôǲҪʲôԼȻȫ֧֣Եͷʲôܷȥ
л׿⣡
һɰƴ֮ɢͬʣƱˣս죬µƾȻɢͷϿգ۳һ޴ı
ǳʮ׵֮ϣ˸ĹųִСİɫۼף磬ǣη
ݷѾĳһԺԶŵʥޡ


574 ʥ֮
ʱ˿̣ҶȻվڰ֮⣬Ȼоһֲֿѹƣһ̲סҪſĤݵĳ嶯
ɢǣǿ˺ֹٱҶΪѾĳʥޱˣ
ȻҶҲΪʲôصʵȻܹһʮ֮һˡ
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ҶҲΪԹԭԭȻıʥޱҪñö֮ȻԹ
ĻһԹȻɰ׹⣬ƣب֮䡣
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û뵽ıˣԵߣҲĺڿֵʱ򣬾Ѿɵˡ


575 ǧ֮
żҺ¼ҵо
ҶİϧʮȻŵ¼ˣ˿̶ǾĵĴһԣǵĿⶼϡ
ӵ֮࣬ǧǰȸ½ţ˿Ѿ޵ͬһһ㡣
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Ȼ¼֪Լļұ͵Ϯ֮󣬹Ȼһʱ˻
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Ҷ֪ƻҪĸˣھԼߣҲԲߵġ
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˿ҶͷˣԸֵȷУԸڵ¼ҲΣգȷҪǵ𣿡
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κ˵һ仰⣬ܾãҵļ˺û
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ʱԶУ¼ҵڸ˻ҶҲһȣߵǵǰվ
Ҷһ˶ǧ֮ǰٴ¶º͵ЦݣҡҡͷߵҶĬĬվ


576 ͬ
¼ҵ˴˿Ѿȫͣÿ˶𾪵ĿǰһƬ棬޷ǵļң
أأ
¹ŶȻӦһĴš
һЦӵ´˳Ҿڣ˭ںҰڣ
ҶӣóǸȻشľ͸һߡ
һĻ¹̲סֱӴ֮ͱߣȻͻȻһǿǰֹסȥ·
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˿̵¹Ѿ˷ִ磬ȫû뵽ǰ˾Լ֮ǵҶΪʵ޷ţ¼ҵı¼ҵڣȻӡ
һ֣һɴӿҶ
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һ֮¹ֱӣעҶӦþҶɣ
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Ҷޱ飬ԾӸµ̬¹˵ⷬ
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577 Դ
˺֮⣬ڣƺ˳˹ȻѾڣҶĳٳٲǲµҶӦں¼սǼȻҪϹԮˡ
Ȼ˲࣬ȴǸ֣ҶĻִﵽˣһһ¼ҵĸ֣Ȼ֡
ټΧǻŵǧͷѩǣһսĺȻԶ
󣬶¼ˣλѾں¼μ¹ڣҶֻǷǵΪסǵҸ㹻ʳǼ뿪֮ء
ͨ˵ݣܷƽ뿪֮أǾͲҶܿǵˡ
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578 
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ȻĻȴΪԼóľǱϵԼõϵʥ޺ʥĻԿʹãĻԼʵٴεõһ޴
ȻҶʵٶԶԶκˣԼȴȻ㣬ΪʵߣӴĶҲԽԽ࣬ӴҲԽԽǿĿҲǿҡ
𣺡ڱԵʥ޺ʥڱԭ֮£ֻҸ˵Ĳ²⣬ԭǸϵĴ˵
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ʹʯҶ֮Ʈ˳ڿУȻһ뵵ĺɫ
ҶŹʯȴסˣΪʯӦò֮ܳΪʣȫ¶ѾѪ֮ɫȻΪѪ֮УѪͬɫ
ڹʯûܵκεӰ죬ҶֻҡͷЦ
ʶȥıһ赲˿
Ҷûκ谭Ĵʯͷı档
ȣָй⻬Ҷܸоһ˿ɢϢ·ʯͷԼһ㡣
ָо˳ҶƴУʮֵʣȻͻȻˡһһΪϸ΢ȻҲ˳ָоԺ
Ҷ͵ؽԼƴӹʯ֮˺һ𾪵Ķֹʯ
ΪղŵǸǳϤ
ҸֲǣɲǣԺ֮оȻֳһģ
Ǹһˣ
ԴӶѨ֮ͨҶڸжϣǼ΢СҲҲƾγɻ档
ˣʯеԺеģ棬ðһԼеëȻ뷨
ʯ֮иˣ
ǣôܣ
ܹʯͷ֮棬ҼȻ˵Էû
Ȼ֪ʯ˶ʱ䣬ҶһñʶŵľһֹϵζڿʯͬʱǸоһبźʷϢ˵˼ΪԶʱ䡣
ڹʯ֮УҲ޿Ȼš
һԼˣоˣ
ҶƽϢһԼ飬˿֮ٴνĵʯͷ֮ϣ֮ƺ¾˹ʯпܴڵǸˡ


579 Ӳ
Ҷڹʯ֮ϣаʱȴûκεͳκεĻ棬˿ղԼĴ
ʯͷ֮ôܻ˴ڣ
ԥһ֮Ҷָסʯͷ͹һǣ΢΢Ҫϣʯͷ˿
ҲҶ֮УҪô׾ˣʯͷʵǲʺƳһ
ȻҶ𽥼Ӵֱʹȫ֮£ȴȻ޷ʯͷֺⲻͷ
ʯͷҲӲĹͷɣ
Լȫ֮£ǸҲܱɷĩˣʯͷȻԾ˿ӲȻǺãĻǸûã
Ҷĥһ£ָ֮ðԻ潫նϣЧ
ԴҪ䶳ϣȻЧ
ϵ֮ȻײЧ
ҶȫţʯӲԣκ֮ӦöǲκЧȷļƷϣ
һа취ܹϣȻĻҲƳѪˡ
ɾʲô취أ
鵶ǹĹʯ˼˰죬ҶȻ벻κΰ취ַֻһУʯԶɵǰ
ҶĹʯ̾˿ʯʯȻƶ磬ôͲܸһʯͷأ
ո£ǡһ죬ղҶþκη޷ϵһʯͷȻԼ˿ֱƮҶ֮У
ҶĿĶʯͷȫ𾪵û˿ķӦ
ʯȻԼĻһʯͷԼҲ̫˼˰ɣ
ѵ˵ʯѾͬһԣ
Ҷ벻ͨģôĿǴﵽˣѪˣϲ񣬶Źʯл
ʯͻѪҶһʯͷ֮ð𣬿ʼա
ΪֻҪһѪȻҪ̫һʯͷҲֻһָһ㣬ҲҶ۵ĹǺ
ΪҪѪҶĲԸ⶯ʯͷһǰģͷֱ꣬޼֮
ĲҶѾָƣҲ׼κεϣΪҪ
ģΪľ߱Ǹ֮ҶĳӵԣҲ˵ֻҪȥȫʩչ֮ôʹõıȻͲҪپ߱κεԣԵġ
˶Ҷ˵ҪؼľǲʣʯĲ֮ǿѾԼʵж֤ˡ
˵ֻҪʯƳɱ
ɫӰ׵ڣִӺڵףҶӴȫĴ֮ѾԶϨ𣬿һʯͷȴȻԭӣһ˿ûбۻ
Ҷٴ¶Цӣǲκ֮
֮£Ҷİϧٻ˳ֱ˵ʵİ֪֪ħ۴νʯƳɱģ
Ҷûİϧ￴һʯͷİϧûֻ֪ƣѪܹʮ˽ڣħ۴㻨˰ʱƳɹ
ʱ䣡
Ƴһ
ҶˣΪʯĲʵ̫⣬Ȼǲκ֮ʼմڸ֮յĻö֮ӦûǿԽۻʵǿޱȣ˰ʱųɹƳɱԼһһҹԼʵֲߣȻκεı仯
İϧͻѪҶһʯͷͬҲջѪ
ȻѪڵΣҶȴɹĽһʯͷĻ֮С
һֱŰɣһ죬ܹȫۻʱƳ
ܽûܹƳѪҶȴһ㶼٣ΪţһʯۻƳѪǼ᲻ɴݣҡ
֮ҹ뵱ѩ趨µһ֮ڻʣʱѩ֮бĿҶͻȻһ˿𶯸ѡ
˿ڴ֮£Ȼ΢ȴһ㣬üͷе㲻Ծ
վŶӭһ޴ĺɫӰӳǰ
ҶߣʲôҪˣӦǺͱйأ
ǵҶ𣬵ȴҶһΪ˿̵ĺüĿѪɫ֮ͫоȻһ˿ҡ
ʶôãҶûпйҡ
ã֪ͨһ
ٶȣ
仰֮󣬺ǾȻҶȻһâűԭķ˳ȥ
ҶҲҵ飬ֱԴ֪ͨں˳ŮڣԼͺеҪʱ뿪ҪģҲҪ
Ҵҽ֮ҶҲǽźʧķ˳ȥ


580 ɫ
ȻҶѾǣͨͺ֮ĸӦȴܹ֪ƽٶȳűԭȥ
Ҷո׷ȥأͻȻоط˺ʶǷΧļ֮ɰǧָֻҰĳԼڵķ
ҶðһͷǾЩҰƴԶԭ
ţҲһ̧ͷԿһֻֻСķҲԶ֮࣬ڱա
˾ҶȲѣЩҰ޺ͷȫ˽겻ƴӳӿԿ϶ԭϳʲô£Ǹе˿ֻš
ѵ˵Ǳǰˣͬѩ˵Ǳ񹬵⸡֣
ת֮䣬ЩҰѾ嶯ҶǰƽʱǾԻĶ෢ڣƺûпҶһ㣬ֻȣҶͬˮһӿ
Ƭֻ֮һȺ޴ǰ֣ƺƴͻǾ޴ޱȣǱٶȴô¡¡졣
ҲҶӿͬûжκι
ҶűԭķȥºȻٴδһ˿𶯣ⲢԴıܣǺŮʱܵһ
ԽԽ޴Ҷ߾мͷƷٴﵽʮƷޡ
Ҳе鶼ƴԶԭҶٿʮâͬһ㣬ӿзԭ
Щâеǳĸ֣еȴݣһ⣬ȫʵǿᣡ
ۿҶͿҪԭˣͻȻһӿ֮м꣬۳ɰɫŨӿڣҶòסԼ֮мǰ
Ҷڵԭʱ򣬳ǰľеޱȵ𾪡
һͨ徧ӨİɫĴӱԭ·ֳܺѩ׷ɣŰǰɫɢ͵İ׹⣬ȴһεıһûһƬѩһ˿ܹ͸롣
ִصҲԽԽԣԽԽ죬λþ޴Ĵӣϵĺݺûŵ档
ÿһε𶯣ͻӱԭ·¶һ㡣
˿Ҷԭֻһ֮ңߵĺ֮⣬ʮ࣬ɢڱԭıԵشȻҶղſЩʵǿĸǡ
ĿģȻΪ˱񹬣
ÿһ˶񣬾ڴӵص׷ðİɫ
ҶٵɨһȦܣȴûзѩӰţѩΪʺᣬ϶κ˶Ҫ֪񹬵ֻǲ֪ʲôԭûгֶѡ
֮´𶯣ѾܼͬĹĵ㼤ҵʱɫڰ˱ԭȫĴӵð˳
ɫ׹ӲӣӨ͸һϼͨתͬһ覵ƷɢһبƾõϢ
ɫıԭ֮ϣһɫĹ
ֽȻͬɫƽ磬˹ľȴ͸ޱȵ׳ۣκ˶޷⸱档
Ǳ񹬣
˵ڱʵ
Ȼһͷͳף廷ŵѩȻת˾һࡣ
һ뷢԰׵ߣһۣ֮⾹Ȼƣһλ֡
ԸܵѩĿ⣬ʾҲĿŶԷεսѾһһ֮ӿһ
ͬʱҶĶ˺ǵĶޣǵĿΪ˱񹬣֮֡
ȻźǵĻ£ֻһʹǿϢҲ׷ת׼˾Լࡣ
Ҷ˵ͷЩ޵ĿģΪ񹬱ѩУʿɲǺĻʣ֮أĻʡ
ȻЩӵǿʵޣǾԲʵĹ뵽УǲŻ׷׳֡
Ҷ뵽ѩ裬Щ޶ˣôûг֣أ
׼񹬵ĶϾҪˡ
ǻ䣬ѩö֮𣺡Ҷ磬Ǵ磬ˣҲһǽῴԭı֮ϳ⣬һ㣬ٶȺܿ죬һţҪʧ֮ǰ̤ڹ֮ϣԭ񹬵֮Σ
һҪ죬һҪСģԽķΧȻ
ҶͺǶһۣȻ뿴ǰԭǧ߸ָı
ʱ˿̣ﶼ鲻Խ˿ĭ
ԭǽذκ˽жᱻɱȻ֪˽ķ΢еƫԼͻΪЩеһ
׼ˣˣ


581 ֮
ѩ֮ʱɫıԭֱ̳ԼһҵĹȦȻټıԭ˵ЩȦǹһˡ
ҶͺڶǴھ߶ȼе״̬֮£ȦֵɲǣҶֻǵĿдһԹ֪ôСҾͲֳˣ
£ҶͺǼͬʱ˳ȥ
ڿУӴѸСһɫСƮƮһȦ֮С
ǼĴһȻڹȦ֮УΧǳǵĺȻо˺䣬ͷһҶȴȻµĹȦԼٶСֻܸϽһȦûʱȥκ顣
ҶٶȲȺ֮£ƶȫӳãͿһɷŰ׹ı֮УǺ˾һκңƮ
ȻÿһȴǡòڹȦ롣
ȦӦһ㣬ںǺҶոսʱ̾ԼٶСգ۵ʱ仹Ҫϼ֣Ѿȫʧ
ҶͺǾͻӰڲʧĹȦ֮Уǵһ·嵽ת׹İɫ֮ǰ
ڹȦֵʱվڱԭԵشʮȻҲˣǿҶͺǾȻ˳ȥ֮һ˸˼ĽԾ˳ȥ
Щǳĸ֣ӵ˷֮Ȼһǽ뵽ǺɫıԭĸǷΧ֮ʱ̾͸оһɾ޴ĺ˲佫ԼǿɺԼ
ˣֻҧأҶͺǵƴɫȥ
ҲЩȦ֮ǵǳ嵽Ȧ֮ʱȦѾϨ޷Ҷͺƽĵִɫ֮ǰ
Ϊڳһľ֮ǾͿʼоԼ˫Ѿ޷ʧȥ֪һ˲䣬Ǿͳ׵ʧȥеʶһ߱
ȥԶľǰѩŵǸߣɫֻв׵ľ롣
ϧǣȴԶ޷Խľ룬ֻ˫ǰ죬͹ϴ޾źͿ־壬һ
ЩΪԥû׷ȥߣһĻӿ˺ͺ£ҿԼԥһ£ȻԼھҲѾΪһ
ЩǣȴȵվԭأĿ⿴Űɫ¶羴֮ɫ
ҶͺȻ˰ɫǰҲڹɢ׹֮£ȻǸо䣬ǻͷһոıͬǺ²ѡ
Ҷõ㣬Ϊ˵Ļڳ˲ѾԴͷųγһƬɫʼհԼԴʼҲûоκεĺ⣬ֻΪйرԭصĿ֮ԲŻе¡
ĸе־壬ĳȦʱλƫ˴мľ룬̽ӲҿһȦλýϾܹѳ
֮ڱԭأǶ̹ˣ˵ûκο֮
κֻ࣬Ҫ뵽ԭķΧ֮ڣ㾳ߣʵǿѱɱ³
ҶͺҶȻ붯ҲûطΪɫɢĹâȻǲܺӰ죬ȴͬһɾ޴޷뵽׹֮С
˽Ĺ۲ɫҶͺǶǶȻһ㶣ΪǷȻ͸ģ
־Ө͸͸ͬһ͸
ܹ׹еĻǿԿ϶Իʲôţֻܹһޣ
ҶΪԼˣ̲סѯһ飬ҲͷʾҲˡ
ʱѩ𣺡Ҷ磬Ǵ磬ⱾͲı񹬰ֻ֮Σ翵ĹӰѣı񹬻Ҫٹ²ܰѷӡ
â֮Уһѩ׵ľβѩȻǰİɫ˳ԭѾһ֮С
Ǽٵģ
ҶȻѩ˵⡱֣˼ԭ֮ΣʵǹӰγɵľѡ
ѩĵ˵ͷǵģǼٵģҶ磬Ǵ磬ԵƬ̣Ҹ˵һ⣬ǽ룬ȻǾ˳񹬡
ޣ
Ҷٴһµ֣Ӧĳ࣬ƺ׳۵⡣
ǿҶҲʥ֮һܹɹ⣬âֻֻ֮󣬴ӶԻ飬û뵽ﾹȻһֻޣ
ҶȻһֻޣ᲻˵ıʥޣ


582 ʱ
Ҷ˼ʱǰİ׹ͻȻҲѩ
Ҷͺûκεԥǰİ׹⣡
ǰľٴ뵽֮С
ʲô׳۵İɫǰɫĹĻƣֹâͬһ㣬ΧǵܲϵתȦһһ켣ۼȫһĹ硣
Ȼԭϴһ΢𶯣翪ʼԼٶСš
Ҳʮʱ䣬ԭټĿռѾСǡҶǺѩһԲεݣ
Ҫ㣬ˣ
һʱ䣬ҶֻáݣԲݵİ֮£ĸоһ˿޴ӵ´ţݱֱӳ˵£Ѹٵ׹䡣
Ȼǵ£ΪݱɢͰ׹⣬ټҶҲĿˣԲӰߣۿȥȫǱ˲֪ı㡣
ڰ׹ӳ֮£Щɫ͸ı㷴ͬʺһ߲ʹâɷǺÿ
Ըڲϵ³ţһֱ˽ӵʱ䣬˵Ľ΢΢һݲͣҶתͷȥһ̾Ϊֹ
˲֪ĺı֮£Ȼһĵ磬𵱳ĽǸҲС˶١
м䣬һ޴İɫ͸ղ֮ʾһģһΰޱȣֱȵһСĳǳأư硣
Ө͸Ȼһ壬Ҷĸоһ̶ɣ˵ĻҲʵ̫ˣ
Ȼı񹬣
ӦòǱΪˮ㾧Өΰ֮ϣĸɷĴָվϧҶ֡
ҶһѩͺҲǵһͬԳ˳羴;ηĿ⣬ǰ
ҶǺѩϸǶһϣΪһλʵĹĻʣԸ°ĺǣڴ˿ҲԼеĿվڹ֮ǰ
Ȼһ׹˸ѩ軯ΣȻǸƮݳɣʳ˼̻Ůӡ
ƮƮڷ޷裬վɫĹ֮ǰȫǹһ㡣
ѩ軯֮ȴĹ˹ǰ߶һЩٺܿ죬Ҷһֶ
İ˾Ű֮ѩվҶͺǵҶ磬Ǵ磬ĸҺ֣Ϊʱ
ʱ
֣ܸоһָ߸ϵİҶȫλѩʵĲ²ȷġ
֮Ի뵽ԭҲȻΪ˶ĿģԭȴӦò
ȻҶ뵽ֻޣټĵ֮⣬ûκζˣǺʵ裬ֻأ
ѩһָʱ޾ڱ֮УҲֻܰǵˣڱҪ취Ȼڱѷӡ֮ǰ뿪
Ҷ΢΢㶣֮Żµʱ䣬ѵڱҵѩķ
תһԼĳбĸµʱ䣬ʱ֮пҲӦò󷨣µʱ䣬ҲĲá
ȻҶڱϵʥ޺ʥǳȤⲢҪĿģĿĳǰѩ֮⣬ҪĿľҪȻ
ʱڵ裬ѵ㲻֪ķ𣿡
֪޶֪
Ҷе㲻ĵ裬Ȼڱ֮Уκϵϵأ
ҵģΪҾʴ˵Ѫʹм䣬ܹ֪ĵ
˽̸ʱ򣬱ܺȻһŵĹââ֮иֳһʽŹ֣Ǹӵ·е֣еƣϵת
ʷӡվãҪʧЧܹ
Ҷȥǿûʲôذɣ
ߵ˱Ĵ֮ǰŸߴʮɣ͸Ө͸ſԿΡ
ҶִһԵĺѾԼߵ˴֮ǰצĴš
䣡
ͻȻһ촫֮ϾȻâЩâڿнһâĿ֣
ѩ輱æеãҶ磬Ǵ磬۾
ȻѾˣҶͺȻۣһɹȴסǵ۾ȴ޷ϣֻĿš
Ժ壬γɵķӡѩ۾͵ʴΪ˾κҪµģһ㿴ַ֣ӡ̻Ч
ھƬ̺󣬿ʼ˲ϵı仯âת貣ֱóһ֣Ȼһ֡
Ҷϳ֮ųĹâһ̵ֱ˫Ŀ̴֮һʹС
һۣҶ˫ĿѾ̣Ҫ۾ʱĿѪȴͻȻ˫֮б˳
ͬʱһŨѪ֮
ҶĪðһͷѪŭˣ


583 ì
ѪƢģƢǳ
һ߸ϵĴڣԲκ˸ϣԴѪٵҶ֮ÿܵڵǿƣֱҶĻôѪͻվɢͬ޿ɱԷ
ֵܣٵֺУҪѹҶ˿ѪƸݺݵķ˻ȥ
ڣʱĽѩʣɲɵ·ӡʱȡĴӡĳͷʽϵѹȡ
ʩչѹȣֺܱģˣѪܵǿƹ֮Ҳеŭˣ
޾Ѫڿγһ޼᲻ݵľ޴ѪìֱָʱĴţ֮ϣѩµķӡͬǿǿܵѪ֮ƣʱ׹ɣͬһβƵľ޴ƣӲĵסѪì
ìܣ
ɱӦεľƾȻֱ۳֮չ˼ҵĹ֮ս˽֮С
׹ѪѾȫ磬Ѿͬδ֮ʱһƬ
ѩͺǽߣȻûֱǿƵĹǹǷĳҲֱˡ
ѪȻŭˣҶȴȻѣڵҲȣȻǿѪ֮ƣֻǹţûӣǣǺѩ衣
ȻҶҲϣܹѪ֮ƣѩķӡӶ뵽֮ڡ
ѶȺĴΪҶԼĸоɰ׹֮дǿ
ʵʵȻǿĿ£
ʱ˿̣ѩͺǵҶɢѪ⣬ͬһԡѪսһ㣬ɱ죬һ
ǰѪɫìͰɫһ𣬾ҵĲš
ֳֽ˰֮ڣҶͻȻǰһ
Ȼֻһһ֮ȴǴѪƸǣ˳ʵķӡȻ֮ȥ
Ѫʢ׹
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УѪìڶ˰׶ܣʱʮɸߵĴţĴ˿
һĻѩѾȫȻǺҶͺæû뵽ҶȻǿ˹ѩµķӡܸٵ
ԶĴţҶ󲽣˽ȥ
֮ѪʧȻѪɢǹҲ֮Ȼ޴棬Ҷת΢΢һЦԽˣ
ѩͬγһ㣬عںǵ߽ʹ֮Уʵȴǵһεĺʱ
֮һĴͬҲǾӨ͸⻬羵ڴľͷ֮һΡɵľ޴ĺһС
վڴ֮ϣѩ۾һּϤİĸоȻϲһЩδѵļ䣬һҲǻȻʣ˸Ķ
ҶͺǾվһԣ˭ҲҳţֻĬĬתͷܡ
Ҷĵ֮ѾǺʱҲ޼ȴѷɫࡣ
Ƭ֮ѩ۾Ͼ϶һ˿ǣҶҶ磬øϽ뿪
ҶüëһΪʲô
ҸովһЩ䣬ȻǺܸܵĵʴ֮µĻزֻдŴķӡ滹һЩδ֪޴Ļأҡ
˵ѩһ˫ҧסԼ촽һֹӡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ裬ȻҴӦ㵽ҵķȻȿǵ˿ΣգȫҪκμɻ䣬ʲô˵ɣ
ѩȻԥһ²ŽŵʴµЩأŸΪǿ
ӣѩʣȷǵʹĵز
ҶȻԼȥЦ濼һ²ŵ裬ҵֻĿģһǰҵһĿľǾȻҵֵܣ죬ҵķֵһ߳ȥȻĻΪҵ֮ˣ
ѩȻ˽ҶǴҶ͸¶ǹɼ̹ȻȴȫⷬǷģĿһҶ֮󣬵ͷãҶ͸ҺǴ󡣡
˵ʵҶĴûжڱ˱ϰߣƲֻͬεĵͷӦ
ѩͺǲǰҶں󣬼ҲָԼı࣬ԼӴεĵסҶ
ǵͼҶȻ֪ͺ֮ѾȥƽЩˡ
ľ벢Ȼ˸ոߵһʱͻȻʼҵҡһ⻪Ŀ𣬾Ƭضڸһ㡣
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ͻҶȫͣ˽ŲĿͶѩ裬Ȼֻܹһ⵽ôˡ
ѩüͷ΢ͷ΢΢ƫţƺʲô
֣͸һǿҲһɫı
ˣҪ뿪ˣ
뿪
ҶͺǶһĲ⣬ȫѩ仰˼
ʴ˲µһһϵķӡǿд򿪣ôͻһʱ֮뿪ȥģҾͲ֪ˡ
Ϣ˶е޷ܣʱԣͬһôô뿪
뿪Ļֽȥ
Ȼ˼ʱΪһʱʱʵ̫ˣʹȫ٣˶̵ʱﶼܽꡣ
ѩ轹ĵҶ磬Ǵ뿪ɣҲҵ磬ǲߵģ
ҶһҧһǸղǾ仰裬ûʱ䵢ˣǰ·ߣ
ѩҧ촽ĵ˵ͷӿٶȼŹȥոճ嵽ţͻȻһ׹һɾ޴ֱӽķ˳ȥ
ҿҶһУֹ壬͵˺ǵϣԼȴһȭͷ֮ϺȻһȭ˴š
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¶ȾȻ˲֮гһǽȻѩʲµһӡķӡСࡣ
Ȼǽ֣ҶȻҲһȭҳҵıըУǽȻ顣
Ҷ֮ٴһֱӳ˹ʱѩȴͻȻںҶ磬ȵȣ
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Ҷ磬㣬õǣǺԨ֮𣿡
ѩϳ˼ϲã˵е
Ԩ֮
˵ԴںԨ֮УôȻͬһҶͷǣ
̫ˣǿȥȳޣĻҪĶ࣬Դҵ衣
ʵҶʶһֻϵʥˣֻƻûб仯죬Ѿ㣬Ȼû뵽·תȻҪȥˡ
ãģ
ѩٴߵǰ·һǰһ߿ڵǰ֮ûκεĻأԷġ
޼Ȼųʥޣʵ֮ǿȻǿֲޱȣҪȥ޵ĻǸԼȻҲٲκεĻء
ʱԽԽңҪεضֱһ㣬ϵĿʼд£ЩѩԼ׽
ǰȻ·ֱָͬĽѩû˿ԥֱѡұߵ
·꣬ǰֲ·ͨ
ҶͺǽĻԻͷ֮һ޴Թ
ѩڣ֮ǰһᳵ·Ĵ˲ϵı任·ֱһ԰
԰һΣΧһȦ̳мһĴĺ
˸еǣ̳֮оȻֲŲֲأɫĻ侺࿪ţ涷ޡ
ȷɻ󣺡Щ˶ã
ͻȻһŵ۵˵Ķټ죬Ӧ˵ʲôҶͺȴһãȻ
˵ľޣԣ޴Сûм࣬Բ˵ԡ
ѩš
ԣ֮еÿ嶼ŸԲͬԣǵ֮Ϊ˷㽻Ժ֣ЩͱΪԺ֡
ѩͺĿǰֻޣ˵ǲģѩѵļУֺӡ̣ܹ
Ȼͬǻʵļ䣬ȴֻ˵ԺԣԺֻδԡ
ѩҴҽ֮ӣҲʼԿٵ˵ʲôҶʱȴüͷΪڻŸղ޵
ȻҶԣĳǸǴŵ۵ģ໹δĺһ
ѵ˵ֻҲδꣿ
ȻǺѩͬʱģٶѾȥ꣬ôûأ
Ҷܾе㲻ԾǾﲻԾȴ˵ֻܵѩ޽ϣȻ󿴿׸ô졣
ܿ죬ѩ˵ˣתҶҶ磬˵ҪƳӡǰųҪס澵ӡ
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Ҷһ㶣оӣѩѾһָµĺǾӣⲻһľӣǱϵʥ۾


585 ĸһ
뵽԰֮ҶעͱЩʢʻûȥеǸ
ѩĻҶŽĿͶ˺
ƽԣȷʵͬһ澵һ͸ˮȴĿˮﻹвζ֮ϻƯżҶƼ
ôһˮһ澵Ӱ
ѩҲǼٵģǻѣ۾صǽܹ󣬶Ҿ˵ܽӵ£ԶʱͿռ䡣
ʱͿռ䣡
Ҷһδŵ飡
Ҷ磬ҪľúȫᣬĻ۾Żֳ
ȻҶǰһжôĲ˼飬ô飬мģҲûԥվһ㡣
ȵѩͺԶ֮Ҷһ˿ԴѪ֮г˳ʼڲѭת
ʱһɫ˳ҶëԴԴϵĿʼҶ֮жбӿ
ӿıûӳȥǽҶܣƬ̹򣬱ѾŨڱסҶΡ
Щӿ԰֮ڵ¶̼½ںǺѩ趼ò࿹
Щûӵ԰УȻĻǸûпֱ֮Ӿͻᱻɱ
ڣҶԼڱԴͷѾ˼£ڷȣȥ
һı֮ͬˮһڵӿǰǸ
ԭֹĺ棬ʱȻʼ˷ڣˮ֮һһݲϵðѣеЩҲķ߮ٶȣֱȫľֹ
ķڵһĳ̶֮ͻȻΪͻأľֹϣеȻűѵ״̬ϸСˮڿ罦һеһȫֹȥ·һһ
ĻٸĵҲԻƶ
ռ䱻ȫᡣ
ɲǵʱ䣬žʹˡǡ֮ҶǰĿռ֮ϣʼһѷ졣
䣡
һ춯صľ촫ռȫıը
ըһɾ޴ĳҶ֮⣬ǺѩǷһƺߣ˶˳ȥ̳ܵЩҡҷʻȴֵûܵκӰ졣
ը֮Щʢ޵ʻȴͬʱԼٶȿήлֱӱһѶѵķɻҡ
ҶЩʧʻжȻΪʲôܹʢ겻лԭΪڵʱѾȫᣡ
Լ۾ĻƣʱָţȻЩʻҲҷκﶼ޷ֿʱϮ
˿̣԰֮Ѿû˻û˺봦ֻһ޴ĺڶľȻһۿס
Ȼڷ·޾ĺڰȻһ㣬Լٶȴ·
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ֱӷɵҶǰҶ˼ܵ赲Ȼָոʱֻоִһ⴫һ㾹ȻѾʧˣ
ѩ˹ЦĵϲҶ磬ɹշ۾
ҶһãȻĵշ۾
ǰղŷɳǸ۾ʥͨ飬ȻղҶĻҶ˺øУټҶӵкԨԨ۾ԣ˵Ҷǵĸоĸһ
ҶʱĿֻ࣬Դðһŵĺߡ
ĸһ
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ѩὫҶһǸڶ֮Ȼһ󼲷紫
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ҶٴĿɿڴѵǴʥޣ
Ȼſһ˿ɫҶһİɫĽߡ
ȷ˵ӦĽߵ֮ϳһͬһĳ򣬵ϳ򣬿Խ뵽֮Уȥһǣſ򣬿ȥ͡ӵĹ죡
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ߴߴ
СĽߵĿкȻһȻֻǳһӣֱӾҶ˹
˵ʵҶܵ㿪ģѩͺǵĴȴͬʱ𣺡㣡
ͬʱѣбȻԭҶȻǲٶˣֻĽ߷ɵԼļ֮ϡ
ĽߵֻСצεץҶ·ĴָСԴҶգĲ£һ˷֮С
̣Ҷļⶼýģе㲻ϰĽ߶Լôǵ̬ȡ
ѩٴ𣺡Ҷ磬ɵ㣬ʥ޶ϲʱܾˣôⱲٿ㣬ȻѾˣϲ㣬շ˱ϵʥޣ


586 屻ռ
ûм֮ǰڸղſĿ֮εʱҶڱϵʥǳڴ
ȻޣһóԸշޣҶȴǸ˿Цõĸо
˵ʵ޷ţôһƾСһܹôô
Ǳԭ֮ϵ֮Σͷų
˵ʥޣ˵ǳһЩСŮᰮ֡
ޣҶҲȫòĸӵ
էһȷǺĽߣʵĽȴźܶԵĲͬ
ͷ֮ССĹİӵŰɫëȻҲǰɫǲ͸ǲ˰ɫƬΪصǴеƬȻǰġ
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ҶкȻһϵʥ۾᲻Ǿ޵γɵģ
޵״̬Ҳ֤Ҷ֮ǰĲ룬ȷ൱еδĺӣȻҲҶ˸
ֻѩշģôѵҲǱ˾ֹʱ䵱УȻĻʱ䶼ȥôãôû
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ѩҶ˼Ҷ磬Ѿȥ˿ʱˣҪץʱˡ
Ҷһݣæͷȴȥ
ѩһԵĽ̸֮ǼȲԸٴſ˱ǳһȣ뿪Ҷļǰ·ˡ
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Ҷɻڵõ˽ͣԭ޷ǱޣѹֻôС
޵ľҲֿģʧȥĸףҶһ۾ôʱ䣬ѹּԼǡ
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Ѿͣ˵ǰһ͸ķ䣬֮ϥһӡ
ʮӣһˮɫȻţӢ˲ϰתԡ
磡
ӣѩ͸һ˿ͬʱ̧׼뷿䣬Ȼ޵ĿȴǺȻһ󼱴ٵĽ˫ſȻ赲ѩ롣
ʱǸͻȻ۾˫Ŀ֮оȻ̹⣬Ҳ̹⻷ƣзһ͵͵һĺ
һҶ̾͸о˲Ծһڿл۳һֱߣֱĳվſڵ޺ѩ衣
ҶȻӦܿ죬ԴѾվһ
飡
ֱӻޣȻ޵ȴȻһĿ׹⣬â֮УһֻŴľƾճ֡
ֻףͷ˫ǣ㣬ˮͰֵ֮ܲƬֻ޴ıǳϾˮӫת쳣䡣
Ӧþ޵ĸףʥޣ
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𣡡
һŭһɫ˲³ӳ˹ȥ
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һſڣѩ̧ƣƺҪ
ҶͬһվӵĶ棬嵲סѩޣѩż磬Ѱң裬
а׹˸עҶڿеƺȻҵҪ֣ȴе㲻ʹ
ҶѾȫȫʱ׼ӴԼһʮΣյĸоˣԼûаܹù
ʵ裬ôˣ
屻ĳռˣ


587 
֮ײ֮¾Ȼĳλķӡھͱռ塣
и߼ĴڣʵҲǿޱȣҶԼĲ²⣬൱е鳾ߡ
˿ȴ޷ͷųôֲΪʵǺͺ
ŶԷƺѾҾ֮УҶӦҲѵģĿȨ
ҶʵҲܾᣬԷǵ˵ĻǴ˿򣬵ݿѩķҪ汻̵ĻԼкĿȥѩ衣
ּĸֽҪǾǸԼȥԻĺܲҡ
ҲǣҲǣȫУȫҲУ
ϣѩķܹԼĿȨǾǽԴϲˡ
磬Ѱ
ѩĺš
ӵҡͷϵҲ֮ȥǣͻȻһͳĺӵٴһ𣬽ɫĹâʢո
ӵȴƽ
ʱӵǶҶԽҶһѩ裬зһ˻Ƶң
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Ҷͺȫ֪ʱӦô죬ܲӲǽԷ忸߰ɣҪĻһսǶ㲻ˡ
ѩüͷ΢ĬĬƬ̺󣬺ȻҶͺһҶ磬Ǵ磬ʱ䲻ˣǸϽ޴ҵ裬һҪڱ֮ǰ뿪ȻĻǴҲлĻᣬҶ硭
÷ܼ򵥣ֻҪ굼֮Уһʱ䣬ȵ˱ı֮ȻָܻʱͿع壬취ֻǱԵЧ
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ѩüͷѾչ˿˱Ŀӣ¶һĨɫղ˵ˣҵȻ뿪ˡ
ǡҶüͷʵǲѩһΪķǻð죬ӵȴһ꣬һ壬ѱѩ跢
Ҷ磬Ѿҵ˳磬ˣûأҵķ硣ѩϣ۵᣺ϧڲܸҶҶģȵ֮һȥǣȻлλֳ
ѩ飬Ҷ鲻Խ뵽Ī磬Ϊ飬ԼĪϿ
鵽£
Ŀһѩ裬Ҷصĵ˵ͷҲ¶Цݵãǵǣڣ
ѩٴʩ񣺡λֳллأ
С޵ȵͷ뿪ҶҲתǿѩ裬ֿҶҲǸҶ
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ҶʮֵĿ϶ͬԿ϶ԼĪ˫֮˭⣬һҲԲһ
ʱ˿̣ѾԽԽңʱضһȻҲоʱĽ٣ٶʩչ˼ޣͬһһټĹٵĴš
ҶͺǸ޵󣬺Ȼ֣֮Ȼûһس֣Ҳ֪㿪еĻǻᷢ
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޴ĺȻҶһȣԸоߣȻѾʼˣ
Ҷ뿪裡
ҲżˣѩľԲǿЦʴ˲µһΪҶӦ޷ܡ
ҪһߣҪһ˵ʵҲܺ棬׻ɵʲôطȥ
Ҷ˵ɣǽ¿ǲ˿иӰһ㣬޵ĺ档
ڣͣ
ˣ
ݣ
ͻȻһƿһİâǰ˳âҫҶͺǼ˫ۡ
ͬʱԳ˽֮ҶȻһǿ۾ָǵٶȱǻ죬ѾɵĿҪİ׹Ǿ裿


588 ϵ
ƴ»ζСԴ֤ʵ˸ղŷɹȥǵ׹ҶѰҵ裡
Ҷ޺޵һţæתǵѾɳߵİ׹׷˹ȥ
ǺȻҲǲ˼ĸҶ׷˳ȥ
Ҷ϶ǷĸطȵıţҲûϵ边ȻͬһܹԼߣ
ʱ˿̣ھҡвϰθŸ߶ȣҶ֮ǰעȻ󣬵Ǹ߶ȴޣò˶ãضıײϵЩĺı㣬ʣʱĲˡ
ҶѾ̵ʩչ˳չֳٶȾһΡ
ڣ֮³ǵ׹⣬ǵҪ̺Ͱ׹֮ľ룬ȴζˡ
Ҷ۾Ķ裬ֻһͷȥԼҲҪץȻĻˡ
ٶ̫죬ķҶߺǸ͸ķϢٴγҶǰ
飬µĴģеһоѾȫʧֻ͸ǰţȻͷһĨ׹⡣
ҶͻȻ֮۾
ʶ֮У͸ȻڣЩڴ˿̾ȻԵޱȵһ˿˿һҶԺ
ģҶע⵽ˣ𵴲ǳϣͬʱģǴÿ㿪ʼ𶯡
Ȼ𶯻ߣԾ˵ٶ˲ȥֱͨ򿴲ľͷ
һ㿪ʼһߣ
ҶĺǶȻ۾ΪڷҶͻȻʧˣɲǼ䣬ҶӰȴٴθֻ֣Ӱֵľ൱ĳ
Ҷϵʧ֣ʧ֣ģ˫Ѿȫ뿪˵棬˫ŶھҵİڶǾͣڿУȴȻԼٶǰ񣬾һһ
Ҷȫڿգ˫ֱ˫žֹȴڷɿǰ
һ̣ҶȫƾԷϵĸ˷ϵӶ˳еķе
һĻǵ¶һЦݣСӣʱ޿̶ڽҲøŬˣȻĻҾҪԽԽԶˣ
˵仰֮󣬺ϵЦȴͻȻɻ֮ɫȡСӵķзʽôо˵ķзʽͬеʲյĿռ֮أǾ̫ˣҪǾܹĻǸǿռ֮
Ҷɱ۾·˷һ㿪ʼ𶯣𶯿ӣҲ֮ǰС
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ʱߴߴĽһ׹޳Ҷǰ
ֻ޿н˵һ֣ϧҶͺǶƺҲ㣬ͻȻͣ˿

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һͬİɫȿֺӿ޵ĿУ޴ڿеҶеҡҷҲЩȥ
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ʱ䣬޵ѾǴֻͬĥ̴СԴŵԹһĿɿڴĺ֮ٴ˿
һɱӿ룬޵ٴ׳ңֻѾһСݵݶһ㡣
ͻȻһ˵ϣֻͱǳȴڲϵȶţҲٵ
ҶͺǶѾ˿ٵĳʽ𾪵ˣ˿̿ľٶɵöһۣ˴˶һãȻҪʲô
޿˲Լ˼ͻȻ̧һֻĳҶһȣҶûз֮£һͷԽ޵һֻ֮ϣתͷźǽ
ҶˣҲŽе쵽ĳ


589 ʧ
Ҳ޵˼׼ԼҶ뿪Ȼ֪ʲô취ǼȻôΣĹͷȻģԺڿԼô޴ͺѸٱСģ޵ĳ֮ϡ
ǵԼ̫ѹ޵ĳ
޿ǵ;Ȼ˲СԷһԹ˫ȴٿȻϣԼҶͺǾȻȫİ˳֮Уȥһ޴ıǡ
޳İ֮£ҶͺǼΪİȫȻ޷֪ȴܸоԼٶ˶š
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ڿһ۵Ļͻᷢ޵ȷڸٵıֱϳ壬ǣ޾ȻһܹԼЩӰ죬ټֱڱ֮к谭Ĵš
ʵڵֻǱʥޣڱ֮ɴ󣬲ܱӰ졣
ͬʱЩȻڱԭԵشߺǣ˿̶о˴غľ𵴣ǿǸ޷վڵ֮ϣòȫ˿У˵϶ǴɻͿֻ֮ɫ
ǡһɫıԭʼѸٵĹѣһ޴צ֮֡
䣡
ԭǺɫıȫը˿һɲǼ䱬񱩵ߺ޶޷⣬ƴźȥ
м޵ٶΪ˰ģײ֮£û˿ֿ֮ͱ׵ĽʳһѪΪ촷ۡ
ضɽҡ֮У׹ɣһɫĹȻѾѵıԭ֮£Ưϧ˺ΰĻ棬ȴûܹΪ˶æƴӣͷʱûС
ȫ¶֮󣬹ͻȻһ׹⣬ֱӳա
Ȼʱһİ׹ȴӹ֮з˳ٶͬޱȣݺݵײ˱ԭķѵĺɫ֮ϡ
޴ײ׹ڵϽȥ˽ǧԶ֮ͣȻһ޴İɫǡ
ǺȻſҶͺǴ˳һƨɾ˵ϡ
ղҵײתǵھͬһ㣬վվ
̧ͷʱʱѾ֥СһŰɫ㣬ҫһ֮󣬾ͳ׵ʧˡ
ϣķܹƽ
ҶͺǷĵ׵Ը
ȵڲٷ֮վĿĹˡ
ټıԭѾͬһĴڣķѣ֧飬ԭڱԭ֮ϵǧ߱Ҳ׻촷ۣ֮һ޴ĺڶȻǱײġ
ӣ֮شӴ֮ûнرԭȡ֮ĽָྫʵĴ˵͹£
޻ָԭ״ſҶļϣҶҲı˿ЦԴȻźѸٴӱԭ뿪ˡ
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ƽµĻصŮ䣬˶䱸ƺҲȫ˹
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ҶȻȫΧȥҶȴֻǰڰֵҪ֪ĻȥԭѾǽˡ
仰֮Ҷһ˵ѩݣú⻤ԼŹϣС̯ơ
֮Уһı龲裡
ǱۣγɵһֿʯŲԽԽ󣬾Ҷϵ裬Ѿ޷ü۸ˡ
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ھȻԸ⵽ҶҾסҶ˵ȷʵǸϢϸףѾûˣû˵ӵ˵ȫǽҶԼĺӣԼͽһ͹ġ
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Ҷеȫ˳Ҳ˺ǣȻ뿪ٴǰɽ


592 ڵ
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վɽڣҶĥԼ׸֪ͨţϾ֣ûаôǿĻ£ҲóȻ롣
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һҧһţҶתԴһͷɽŨĹ֮С

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ڵ⣬˳ȻʵشȻ۾˫ͬаݷܹ͸ĵʱȴǲĴ˸ʵʵĴ˳ǰϾ֮λϺλ֧ˣλ̫ϳڣʱŹ̬ȣ
ߣͻȻһߣ֮г˲м˳ųңòҲΪЩֻڹɣ
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Ŀ˳һ۵ЩӦԶҪ֮£㾹ȻҶǰȺڣȥʲôƨ޼ڵսڰҶں˳ɲС
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ʱ˿̵˳ԼԵĸһ֪ߣǴȺڵ
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ոմŵ˷֣ܺҶ;ٿȻϣΪһ۾ܿ׵ɽ֮Уһˣ


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ʱҶҪȥҶ¶һҪȥ
ųҵ˳νʾ֭ȴҲû뵽һʮȫʮķֻܾԼиϻشȺڣڵĻԼķȫ̸᳤ϣ˼ʲô顣
죬˳ûнڵȻǽĪˡ
Ҷڵĸֳ䵱ǵһʱصڻ㱨йҶңҶϢ
Ȼ˳ӱ֮ػϢĪ֪֮󣬾ҶûлҲ޷ȥԼ͵͵뿪˼ңڸ־͸ϵҶңҪ˳йҶϢ


595 ̫ͼ
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ĪҪҶңȵʱ㽫סȥȺˣƻĻ
ȻĪ粢ûһ˫Ĵ۾֮Цŵʵ¸ѽ
˳һʱ¶ϲɫĪָ㡣
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ʵҶȥȺҪԵΣμȫһݲϿɣȴҸ׽еԭӦװɣ
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ĪЦŵͷȻ֮ϣʮڵĸǰȺڣŹڵĳϾ㵨ٴҲҵô˵·ϰɣ⣬֮⣬һҪ룡
˭˳ڶĪѾƴˡ
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˳صĵͷȻĪһĪУ֮Ҳֻ㣬лĪָˣ
˳ĹάĪϲһиССҪϣܹӦҡ
ԼյķѾˣ˳緢һ㣬ĪĻԼŵĪ˵һҪˣʮҪҲ뾡ᣬĳضӦ
ãǾһǰȺڣ

Ҫ˳ʱưˣ֪Ī֮飬֪ҶĪںϧɳߣκε⡣
ȻĪ羹ҪԼشȺڣҪ»ãһµĻԼе
˳ڨڨĵĪ⣬Ҫңһġ
˳ܾĻ˵꣬ĪѾЦеĴϵԸһĻֻöǰȺˣʱҪҾ˵ǡ
𣡡˳æҲĪĻĪҴȥҴȥ𣡡
˳ĵӣҲĪһ˶ǰȺڣԼĪ磬һʲô⣬ԼٿԵĪǰ棬ˣҲǶҶиˣֻδӦ
ĪһЦлģһ·֮һĻģҵʱҲҸһͬġ
˳ҲЦˣЦıȿ޻ѿĵͷãٵһ죬λǰĻǾͳǰȺڣ

Ҷǰֲʵһ㶼ӣָŵˮƽܿĳߴһȻĻֻҪͿֱӮʤ
Ȼ޷϶̲徿ǲźʦ£ҶٿԿ϶֮˵Լ֮ϣôͿ϶Ӧûֵ᷸ͼĴ
ȻǷôͱȻԭԭģ
ҶƷԼǰĿͷоһо֣ʵͬҲߴһ
ҶƷ
ҶȥĽ̲оٰٱ֮󣬲ĵĵ˿ΪȻ֣ʵ壬ǺӻǰӣӸԵĵһʼͶǴģ
λ֮˾ȻʹһٴȥڳһĲо֡
ָоΧһϲͨ⺺ҲȴײĽ³
ԣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮˿϶⺺ôȻĳԭ򣬲ŵҲ˵ˣԼûµĻоһ̲壬ҲԼջ
Ϣ۾ҶٴνעͶ뵽˲֮Уھ˳õĹ۲̲֮ס̧˺ߵһ壡
ҶָոɢĺʱͻȻ䡱һ촫Ҷǰһȫʧˣֻʣһ㣬һڰɫռһĵ㣡
ڰĵڲϵֱһ\бףбڵͼ
̫ͼ
Ҷµʱ򷭿͸Լ֮鼮ÿﶼһ̫ͼиΪµİ̫ͼİͼ
ȻҶ󷨣ȴҲ֪֮ʵǴ̫ͼ֮ݱܻ˿ΪƶһöӣȻ̫ͼټҶǵõ˵ɽʦⲼö˵ˣҲһ󷨣
㣬ҶȻһѵ˵ʦǧǰĵһ֮⣬ͬʱҲһλ󷨴ʦ


596 ҹ
ǰ̫ͼǾֹڲϵתţͬĴһ΢΢𶯣ɫͰɫɢźڰ׶⣬ƻãһƬ
ֻת֮Уеĺڰ׶㾹Ȼķ˿һΪΪġ
һȫڣһȫףһڶ٣һ׶٣
ҶȻ͸Լ鼮ϵһ仰̫ǣ󣡡
ǣָľ󣬷ֱָ̫̫
ôǰ⸱̫ͼõĹ񲻾ڲһ仰
еĺڰͷֱֿĸִָ
ͼԾתĸٴοʼѣ˰˸ԣ
ʱҶѾȫĳǰ⸱ͼı仯֮УΪ֪ӦŻʦһ֮ңǴ󷨵ĻʼǶһϲͨˣҲܴлࡣ
οҶ˵鼮ô֪һЩ˿̫̽ͼıãЩ鼮֮ϵԭͬһ֪ʶ񶼽
ڣ̫ͼ֮ͼеһͼȫʧҶǰԾֻһ̲塣

³һҶϾȻ¶һ˿ƣû뵽⸱֮ݱͼΣȻһµʱ䡣
һ²߲ݣֻιעͼεı仯Ҷ״̬ҲееԲ
ȴǼΪ˷ܣΪЩͼεı仯ѾɹĴ֮Ĵš
ȻɽˣҶȻվĶϹлǰʦָ㣬࣡
֮Ҷ뿪ɽҶҸȥ

ʱ˿̣Ⱥ֮ܲڵһ֮УĸԶ
֮ŵľƣ˳ߣǾǴȺеϣκء
˳վλϣĿǰħʮ֮кϵõѾغս֮գǰ⣬ʥӰҲԼ
Ƶͷ޷֮λҲɱƽˡ
ͬѧһκ̾˿ҪЩܹ֣ͦĻҪô鷳
ȻеЩˣָľǵӴȺ뿪ЩƷҩʦǡ
˳ЦŵЩ˼뿪ʱ̫ˣ̵ҲˣңҲ޴𣬶ȻΪʵǷǾ֪ҩһ;ĿǰҲֻƷƷףҵҩϻǡ
ϹһЦݵغٺһЦȱָˣֻʣһµʱˣ֪ҲҵõҹƹΪŵʱɣ
һ仰е˶˳Ĭ֮УȻǶͦҶΪмĹʵأϰ࣬ЩѺϰȻԴȺڲ
ƿڵˣĪһҪܣ֪ҵǿܻĪﲻ
֪ģĪĿǰҵãӦû˻ݵģסĵطҲֱ
Ǿͺãڵ鷳Ѿˣǧٳκˣ
Ī˳ΪŵסţȺѾµʱˣﶼûȥҲ֪ڴȺǶ֮Լ˳ԼȺѾǺ鷳ˣԼǹԹԴţҪٸκεĸˡ
Ϊ˼ҶĪҲȺڣΪƲ⣬ҶֱܻܿǰȺڣԼĸҲȺڣǿ϶ԼԼҪҶֵӺʱ䡣
ڴȺڣֻҪҶˣԼܼ
뵽㣬Ī;õȴȻѰֵõġ
֮⣬˳ܹʮϵĸ֣һҹıĪİΣ
ò˵Щ˵ʵеģΪǴȺڵܲ˸ҵ£˷ʱ䣡
òװ˻ʱ䣬ʮ˻˸к˾ʹҴ뿪Իݡ
һ˽ܵĸ֣λƵԼȥӭͻȻһˣˣ˽ܵ۾ɵһٺ٣ȥİ
ͬһλĸ֣Ϊ磬ƽϵϽΪη˽ܱȥĪ磬Ѿûˡ
ݺЦеǰ洦תתˣʱģæʲôأ
ˣᵽ·˽ܾеѻ𣺡ˣҹҶˡ
ãλųҵ˳
ˣҸطȵȥɣ
ã
˵ͷתȥȴһ˿Цݣ


597 
ҶصҶңΥļˣܹʱеһУúõܼҵů
ֶݵķɽ˲һʱ䣬ͱͻȻĺˣȻĪģ
磿ҶҰ
ϢʵҶ඼˳ʲôʱ뿪ɽģ
ٺһЦ㻹ͦģģ˳شȺȥˣ
Ҷ̲סݺݵİ˺һۣ˰ԭ̽ԼҪǸղԼһƽ̶Լ֡
ҶҲܺ棬ôĪúõָ˳ܵȺȥˣ
ǻصԼһϵĲһ͹ŵս˵϶Ϊ˼㣬ǲȥȺڣԸɴȸ˳ˡ
ѵҲҪȥȺڣҶٴβ⡣
ֹǣʨɽɽʯ죬ڵˣħӥȸ۹ˣɽׯׯ纣·ɳʦ·ɿ౯ʦԪ·ɻ۾ʦȥ
Ҷ۾ԲˣⶼǵħʮǶܵȺʲô
ʲôǸҡźСӣŪԭĴȺģκϸ֮λ
ôһ˵ҶȥȺڵĿˣΪһ˳İ취
ҶЦŵû뵽ӻ󣬾ȻЩǶԸΪҲԶﱼ
ǫˣٺЦŵ㲻ǴȺڵ찡ֻҪ۸ߺҪһͳȸ½Ҳûʲô⡣˵ڱ֮ҲǴ¶ȻƵرԭɵħʮڵѾȫˡ
ȷ˷֮⣬ŵںѾ𣬵ʮֻʣڣħڵĺͺҲѾʧֻʣڣ˵Ҷģ
ĵħʮɶλϽɳˮЩƫԶش
ҶٴοЦû뵽ȸ½ϵϢô죬Լӱ֮ػŶ೤ʱ䣬Ȼ֪Щ¼ˡ
ˣҲ˵ˣǿ㣬Ҳûȥ׼׼ʱǴȺڼɣˣٸС˵һ䣬㵹ץϽװˣ
ڽߣҶǳ³һȻԼʵͺ˵ǲ£ܱҪ߳һ㣬λ֣ĺϸ磬Լоܴѹ
ĪϢҶļƻٴθı䣬ԭǴڼҶסһʱ䣬ΪȻ쵤ѧϰҩ֮үүҪˣڣȵȺȥεսӦòô򵥵飡
ϧƻԶ仯죬ûҶˣͬһһҲɷ˵һѾҶֵҶˣãϽߣ
үүȥģǲǵϢˣ
Ҷû˿ԥ뿪Ҷң˵ĺ棬Ҳһ׷
ȴҡҡͷǵϢһЩ˵ϢڸϽȥǻܣȻĻδȺڵս׶༪ˣ
Ҷһͷˮ鼱֮֮ͻȻͷųһɺӲĽڸͣүүô£Ҫȥ˭
һŵڸϽߣһһ߸㣬ʱ䲻ˣѵһܺ㲻ɣ
˵֮ΰεضֱӳ˿УҶ֮Ҳֻһѱǣɵ˿С
Ӧ֪Ⱥһ߽׵ҩʦɣ
ڵĻҶһԼѾˣͷ֪
شȺڲμ޼ڵսʵ׶༪٣λ̫ϳϾɱ㣬㲻ΪԼΪȺڣҪҵҩʦǣ
Ҷһ˿Ц˭ҪɱԼô򵥵顣
үүǶѵ֪ӵĵط𣿡
Ȼ뿪˴ȺڣȴڴȺڣͽԵ֮ظҴ磬ҴָңһˣҪµԣԼ֪ģҲҪҩ֮ϻǣػشȺڣ
ڣҾʹһһȥҵǣȻҪҩ֮ϻǣ
ҶѾĿɿڴˣϢʵ̫ͻȻˣȻԼҩ֮ȥЩ߽ҩʦǣԼ
ȻڻعͷĿҶһ۵ҶȻȺڸҸûκεĹϵұϾҵˣϣҲ㣬ǲĸԸĵδȺڵǣβҪôȺҺʹһлٵ


598 Ͷ޼
֮Ϊ󣬾Ϊܹ磬ͻᷢ½״˴˵ʥޣ׻ȸ䡣
½ʵ½֮ģ½һǣҲǵһɽɽϣ½ĳɡ޼ڵڡ
ʱ˿̣޼ڵ´֮ˣˣһ˺һλߡ
ҶĻͻᷢʶһУҲǺڵãһҶԶ޵߼֮ʱʶĽ
ӵкڰĸ֣Ǹ߼ҵǺ֮ͬһָĻ鵺˵״ӡ
һò㣬ޱ飬Сȴ͸¶һ䲻ƵպͶ
òȣЦ˫Ŀ֮亮䣬޼˷磬һߣһͷɫͷ쳣ۣǻ鵺ĵˡ
ǰȷʵΪ֣Ȼȸ½½Լ˵ǾԲһ𣬿Ǿһá
Ȼ޼ڵĵ̣ǻȴݵףҶ˷Ҳû˿֮ɫָĵӵֶȻսԹñˣֻԹԼúõķҪģߣ㣬ĿȷǸҶģʥͯҪ֮ˣ
ɫ㲣Ȼ׵ԼڵıûٳԿͷҶڻûнԼ̬Ҳû˿ԹԣֻҶֵʱҧгݵĵҾԿԿ϶Сʱ䣬ʹһĬĬŵļһʵȺĸ֣϶ǵõʥͯ˵ǼԾı
תһǸˣ̬ȾȻһ˿ʥͯˣӦǴˡ
ʥͯĵýʲôʥͯˣҽ½껣ҵּɣҶ¼ҲţҲɣǲҪҵˣɴץɷŹξǸûᣬ˷磬ˣҪܣȻ󽻸ҡ
½껵ˣȻλɱȫ٣ʼձͷʥͯκ˶뵽Ȼܹ󳬼˵
ͷ½˷ģһһͬǰȺڣ϶ܹҶץס
Ȼʼδ˵˷ɨ˻һۺˣȲҪôżºڣ֪ĵΪץҶҲû¹򣬽ǵûץѶˣʮҶȥ
˺½껵۹̶뿴˷磬½иһâ֪𣿡
˷΢΢һЦҸǽܸˣԭȾʮ޵ĵӣ޼ɣ
Ŵ򿪣һ˴˽ǵǰȥɽ㽫սĽ޼
޼ߵ˵ǰ˸ȦҾ޼λ
½껵۾Ž޼Ŀһۺת˷ʲô˼
ߣҲһ촴ģ촴ǼɣǸи·ˣܵǻе˵ȥ˰ɣ
˷ش𣬽޼Ѿȵ½ˣˣȻи·ǹҲһ˰ʵȻǰĵˣΪҷ˼Ѿ׷ɱ֮ˣʴҡ
㷸ʲô
޼ɫ򶨵ĵҶĳǣƵ󣬰յ˼ǳӰºĳǼɣȴֺɱнˣû뵽ЩﾹȻˡ
ʼ򣬽޼ŵһŭ֮¾ҪɱңΪ˻ֻͶ޼ںҵҲΪǺϣԣֻҪλĻӽԸΪЧҲ֪йȫǣҲǿֶѾΪλ׼һλǰȺڵʱӦþյˡ
ʲô˴һ˿ʵ
޼һЦҶŮˣ
ԲŵĵƾҲץҶŮˣ
˷ӹ޼ں֮ǰѾǱ˴ȺڣոյõϢҶŮ˾Ȼȥ˴ȺڣԽ޼뵽˽ҶŮץסһǾֶһ㱣ϣҶԹ־ܣ


599 ÷
÷ɽλȸ½ɽҰ÷ÿ÷ʢԼл֮ʱӢͷף
Ȼ÷ɽҲͳΪȸ½֮һǳľ㣬ÿһ֯οʹ˷ǰ÷мͨˣҲߡ
ʱֵ÷ɽϵ÷ѾʢȻǰҶͱźǣڵ󣬼÷֮Уɽϼȥ
Ϊ˵ȺڵĿߣĴ÷ɽ뿪˴Ⱥ֮󣬾
뵱ʧ֮󣬾÷ɽ飬һĶӷ֮λҾĸ֪Ⱥڵ͵λ
ҲĴȺڵˣ˵Ȼ뿪ǵһͽԼӵĵط֪ͨ
ȻʱѾȥǧ֮ãҲ֪Ƿ񻹽ڣҲҪ
ԴڶԼ֮ҶͺܸɴıͣΪ޷ܾôȻֻŬȥʵԸ
һ·֮ϣҶҲ֪ǰѾǰطȥѰЩ߽ҩʦˣ󲿷˶ڣֻƾڵݻ޷˵ˣЩǳ֮⣬ҲǷǳƳ÷ɽڲŻҶһ÷ɽ
ֻҪҵôЩ뿪ҩʦǾͺðˣ
˵ʵҶΪЩǰӵĵطضһЩ˼ɽ֣Ȼû뵽λ÷ɽȻѡôʤӣҲֵûţ
÷ɽ÷֮⣬ɽ֮һΪ÷۵ĵۣȻ󣬵Ϊ˶ĹϵȴǼΪʢ÷ɽסڹС
ȻɽҶǵĿĵأȻǸոȺɽʱ򣬺ȻͿŲߡ
Щһ߻һߺţȥɣˣ÷۾˵йãչһ죬Ӵκˣ

Ⱥ֮жʱһ֮вÿ궼Ҫ÷ˣǻû÷۱չ۵
Ǿ˿ѯʵļٵİʲôͣ
֪Ӧûûھվɽ֮ӭӡ
ʲôӭӣԹԣ˿Ǵ۵ģھȻվɽӭӣʲôôӰ
ǵУҶڲһۣȻﶼλ÷۹˵ĹӦúԼйأȴ˭Ҳȷ
ϾԼ˵£û֪ͨκˣδ֪ȻĻԤ֪ԼҪ
ԼǲǹͣҶζҪ÷ɽĺˣֻ˵ע֮£ʵǡ
Ȼ˶ǵľٶ׷ͶעĿ񣬲۷׷ˣòǹͰɣ
һļүүӳɣôҲǹͰ
ˣǲǹͣԻǸϽɽɣ
˶ʼתɽȥֻҶһ·ȥ
ӭ滹вɽˣҶڶᾪȵĿһۣȻСһȻǶⲻ۵ٶ˸е档
ҶĴûдôεĻ֮УҲûа취ֻӶš
ܿ쵽ɽ֮վһλͷףʮصߣˣ϶ʱ¶Цݣʮһ÷۹÷ˣλˣ
Ҷڼæͬʱ˳˵ĿҲλߵɨһ飬˵óĽȫһû˿Ϊͨˣ
ΪҶĿϹʱȻҲΪԷͨˣôӦþͲдˡ
ߵĻ˻е𾪣ίʵû뵽Լ˾Ȼľǹͣ˵Է֪ԼҪ
ڳҶգգۣ÷ɽӦûڣ
÷˽ŵλ۰ɣ
˸÷˵߽÷ۡ
ڵĻʮֵͨΨһľͬ鲼÷ϮˣҶ̲סڡ
˿̹ѾûˣҶ֮⣬һֲɨŵϵ÷
Ҷ˹ڵĻ֮ĿȻƵλɨߵϣȻһۿȥĿҲƲˣ
ɨһֺͨ飬żÿ˶ɨأǴʱҶȴȻ֣ɨֱ۵ĻӶŤתָɨƶ·ߺͷΧÿһôȻƺ̺ĳϴ˷·𶼺Ȼȫںһ𣬻Ȼɡ
֪֮УҶĿճյĶ˵Ķ֮ϡ
ڣɨһƬ÷֮󣬺Ȼ̧ͷҶֵ¶ο֮ɫ˵ͷʮ˾꣬ȻѾܹ֮̽ţպǰ;޿


600 ԻԲ
ɨ˵仰֮ĿƵڵϣ΢΢ͷȥǰ˵ɣҪŵ
Դӽ÷֮󣬾ʼһԲȻղҲͬע˵ɨأϧǣûҶĸܺԣ˿ߵĻ΢΢һ㶡
תͷҶ֮ʱʱôˣԭڵҶѾٴν뵽ּΪѵõ˺һ״̬֮С
˵ʵҶ츳ԣڶòеĽͼˡ
ʱɨ߶÷˵ػȥҵķ䡣
÷˵ͷ֪ˣʦ
ɨתǰȥҶѵĻܷ֮ʱɶ˫ŵʵ̺һȻ֮
ٺõĻܿߵľͶ֮䣬ʼһɵת
ڸߵ󣬽뵽һ伫Ϊªľ֮У֮΢΢һЦҵڼˣ
򵥵һ仰һʵ벻ͨԼʱչֵĸʵòԷ֪ԼҺ˵ġ
ʵڵϿߺڸ޼Ǵĺ֮࣬һԼݣҲæڣҵĴˣǰǷ÷ɽ񣿡
ߵ¶һ˿Ȼʱ죬û뵽㶼ʦĵĴˣΪʲôû˿ľ֮ˮ֮
ȻûֱӳϣȻΪʦôȻǴ÷ɽˣڵ̲סһ󼤶λմȺڵ޾ȻĽڣѾǧĸˡ
÷ɽʵȻǿޱȣǵһ۵ڵݣûľ֮ܲĳ
⣬ȴǿЦһǰ˵ǻ˵˵°ɣΣɽģ
÷ɽ˵ͷ֪ôΨһǰ˵ҵĴȺˣ÷ɽʱҾ֪ǵĿˣһ²ΪʲôڵľϣλСϣжϣλСɲ֮ˡ
ʱ˿̣ڶ÷ɽѾͶˣȻľ˭϶֪ȴҲˣ÷ɽ֮ԻὫ˶ǲߣֻԼҶһӦþǸӦľĴڡ
ڲ˵÷ɽ΢΢һЦʦʳһ쵤ֻҪҵϵ֮ˣѪҺ֮ж쵤ζͬľҲ쵤ܹ˿ζжϳǵݺľڣˣӦûˣλС绹еʱѹʱ䣬ҲΪͷӽеɻɣȺڳʲôˣ
ѵ֪
ԭ֪ģʮǰΪ˿أչʮ꣬Ÿոճأ÷һҲʼδ뿪÷ɽˣԶ鲻Ǻ˽⡣
ʮ꣬ȷǺܳһʱ䣬ǶѾǧ˵ʮֻǵָһӼѣ÷ɽҲ벻ʮʱ䵱УȴǷ˷츲صı仯
ڳ̾һ㿪ʼ÷ɽ
֮⣬ҶһһվһȴǲϵĻط÷ɽɨ֮ʱÿһҲ𽥷÷ɽҲ𽥵ķŴҶܿ÷ɽ֮ÿë⶯
ģҶ÷ɽĶ֮俴ˡ
һ˿һ˿ϵһضƵתţ𽥵Ļ۳һһţȥͬ޻һ
Ҳתֻ۳һƬ÷ɽܣ
һжһַ·بŲٶȺƵתѭܶʼϢͣЪ
תĹ켣ʵϾһԲ
ԽԽССԲʼҶǰ֣Ƕһ˿˿һŵһƬƬתγɵĹ켣
Ҷֲܹͬڲ磬ȻӴȴԵ磬硣
Ե統Уڲͣ𶯣統УڲϵתչһԲΡ
ԻԲ
Ҷмʶ뵽һʱҲ˲䷢˱仯
ëףѾͨڴͨѨλһȫſ޾ͬˮһȻӿȥ
ÿһëףÿһѨλ֮жһɲתԲӿԽԽ࣬ЩҲתԽԽ죬ȻҲԽԽࡣ
ǹѩһʼҶΪģڵλû۶


601 һ˿
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÷ɽʼնƽţŲƵȴԳǵϣʼͬž޲һ㣬û˿ı仯ƺһ²ؼĹһ
ʵˣΪܹпڲϵķű仯
ڵʱ¶ϧʹȰҲ֮ʱ¶ǷŭͱֵܶҶĺԼҶչֳʱ¶οڴ
ڣڽѾʮĻȫ÷ɽǰȫ¶˳
÷ɽþҲ֪˵Щʲô˾ôĬš
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÷ɽŹž޲Ҳ˱仯һֳ˾Ⱥοı飬ںһɫеŹ֡
ţֻǰһǰȻѾʧȥ÷ɽӰе𾪵ǣҵžȻǹرŵġ
ǳ峾Ԫĸ֣ڣҲŵϺŵȻȻ֪÷ɽ뿪ģ֪ĵľˡ
ȵͬʱȴҲǳϣ˷ܣܹôطȺڣͦҶĻҶȺλþȵˡ
˷֮УڲҵҲ뿪˾ҡ
÷ɽվھҵſڣԶԶעԶȻԭȵ״̬վҶ
ԭվҶߵ÷ˣ˿̶Ѿ˵˴ſڣûа취ҶܵϢʵ̫ǿң޷
ʱ˿̣ҶֱǱһԴݷ޾߾ۼϵƣЩʲôɫ͸ģ߲ʰ쵵ģ
Щɫ֮кɫɫкɫаɫɫɫһ𣬹һһ߲ʵԲ
ڳˣʵ÷ڶǸ֣ܹЩͬɫʵϴľؼֲͬԡ
ɫĻԣɫˮԣɫԣɫǱԣɫľԡ
˶ĲͬԣȻȿֺҶ֮ӿȥ޲е˷˼޷⡣
֪ҶͬʱˮԵڣ˿Ҳǵɴ۾ԭԼʼջСҶֱǸڶһԶ߲ܡ
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Ĵ½߱磬ǲ֪ȸ½м¼һͬʱӵеԣҲᳬ֡
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ĿǰյĸԵٴﵽ֮ࣨʵڰԺɫͬ͸ģôպɳΪʲô
곤÷ɽڴʱҲκνۣеԼղŶҶ˵Ǿ仰ˣҶǰ;ֹǲֱ޷
ʱˣѹҶţԭ϶ڴˣ
ʵڰ಻סе˷ܣȻ÷ɽ÷ǰ˰ɣСӾȻͬʱӵֲͬԣ
Ȼ÷ɽȴҡҡͷϴЦԹȻҸеȵǣȻһ˿

Ȼ˵׷ĿǸǴ˿ȴе㲻÷ɽ仰˼ˡ
÷ɽ񵭵һЦûиͣͣ޷ͣҪܹ͵Ļ˶ˣ
пŵп֣ؾĸڣ˿̾ȻһУ֪ҶһһСС߲ʵԲ
ҲܹϾĸ򣬿Ǹ˵ԣҲ˵һ˵ĻԵʵûʲô̫Ĺϵ
ͬ۳һе˳ΣķҲ޹еȴܹһγɹ
÷ɽǧʱ䣬ʮĿصıչ֮һЩȻҶǿһᣬܹһ˿ԵĲࡣ
÷ɽҶ˿չֳ״̬е𾪺οԭڡ
ʵҲ̫ı仯Ƕպ֮·ȴŸİ
֮·˶ǰǰǰ·ȥߣҲΪָԭʧ׷ǰ˵ĽŲ
һǾ൱ҵ˵ͼҵָ룬ֻҪϼȥôͲõʧõĻ·ߡ
Ȼ÷ɽʳһ벻⣺ڣûжӻӣ


602 
ڱ÷ɽ仰סˣð֮ǻع÷ǰô⣿һֱδȢȻûκá
Ŷ÷ɽͷպúͼ̰һ£ɫһʵѡ
ɫʲôѡʲôڲʵ

ڵ۾ҶõѡѵܹðҪʣ
÷ɽЦҡҡͷǳһƱ㻯ȺСӣݲ
ǰźҶүүҶԪŵİָҶ̸۹һΣʱž˵ˣ˵źҶˣڣҲݲҶ
Ǿû뵽֮ȸ½һɴȺĴӣһλǧˣȻҲ˵ͬĻ
ΨһĲͬǽšҶҺڣ˴Ⱥڡ
Ҷ˵ǴȺڣҲֻǸݲµСӶѡ
ͣҪ÷ɽ仰Ȼ˰֮ȴǴſЦͣΪǸ޷ʵ
˷ĸԵȻԴԴϵӿҶڣ·ľһĹһ㡣
÷ɽٴڵĶ𣺡ҩ𣿡
ûкͷᣬӵеĻ滹鼶𡣡
ãʦҲ᲻ܣǵµҲأҩ֮ϻңôҾɽĻҾ÷ɽǰȺڡ

ڶʱеɵˡ
ҶΪ÷ͨˣȻµԼ˿ܶˣǾ÷˵ʵǿǺ÷ɽҲûñȰ
÷ɽȥ˵ʲô̫ϳϺˣ޼ڵҲùԹԸ׳Ƴ÷˵ĻЧɾͲ̫ˡ
÷ɽӣҲ֪ǾûɽұϾҺȺڶԲ˼ң˼ܹһѾܿɹˡ
ˣֻܽеϣٴμеҶϣϣܹҩ֮ϻ÷ɽ
ϣΣ÷ɽ뿪ȺڵʱƷҩʦûоƷҲӦǰƷˣټҩ֮ǧ꣬±Ҳ޼Ҷôܻأ
ʱͬһӿ뵽÷еͻȻСˣҶΧŵһССԲҲʼεڵʧҶӦþҪ˺һ״̬֮ѹ
ЩԲʧҶͷ֮ϾȻðһ⣬â֮Уˮ̳֡
мһǺɫԭȵİɫ߲֮ɫ
÷ɽüͷ΢΢ˮγˮԣȻǳصľ磿
÷ɽɲʵҲ޷͸Ҷʵ磬ԴʱŻ֮ᷢ
ڵ֪ĺ۾ĻȷֻǳأʵĻƺҶһƴ֮Ȼָ֮ǰ֪˺һ֮г֮⣬ûʲôĶʵû
һ÷ɽеȵ£һֻгصߣȻܹͳؾ࿹⣬Ǹӵжôǿ
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Ҫ֪ıը൱Ĵܻ߻ħ
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ں÷ɽΪҶʲô¹ʣ÷ɽһ֮æԶ÷˵Ͻ÷󣡡
÷һͷαɰĴԭʧҲ֪ܵ˲Ϣ֮䣬ھŵһŨ÷֮ζ̧ͷһе÷Ȼȫǵʮ֮ߣ֦Ҷɢ÷䣬Ƭͬϸһ㣬׷Ĵ÷۸
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ʱҶͷǽʣˮκȻתԽתԽ죬ԽתԽֱȫһγһԲΣɢ⡣
ʱ˿̣ˮε״ˡ
㣡
һĻڳ˸˵һ䲻ͬĻ
÷ˣ̫ͼ㣡
ڣʵ壬ؾı־
÷ɽ񣺡ԻԲԲ


603 ټһʶ
ʱ˿̣÷ڳͬѩһµ÷֮⣬еһж뵽˾ֹ״̬
÷ɽ˵ĿȫεļҶͷ֮ϣˮ۳ɵ߲̫ͼڻתš
ɢ߲ʹâ޵÷Ϊ֮Ȼʧɫ޷ԡ
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ô˵˫֣۳һ̫ͼΣʷϾǴûгֹġ
ڣ÷ɽʮڴѹҶչֳһʲôʵ
ųʵĳԼ÷ҶѾû˿ֲͬԵô˵ӦѾ˺һ״̬ʱѹˡ
ҶȻ˫۽գһȫûҪѹ˼
Ȼ˭ҲʱȥҶֻһĬĬȴš
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ʵڼ޷ܵ飬ΪʮҶڱ֮вŸոѧķУŹȥ೤ʱ䣬ٶȾȻԼҪ죬Ҳ̫û˰ɣ
ǰһҶѾ÷ɽڵǰ˺÷ɽ񹧹һҾ׵лǰ
ȷʵҪúлл÷ɽ÷ɽж֮ж֮⣬Ҳܻ˵ĸ
÷ɽڴʱҲѵõļһЦлңԼĻԵ
Ҷվֱ֮ͻȻ̧׼÷ɽƽ֮оȻ͸һ˿ϣ÷ɽϵô
ҶУȻŴȺľ
ڱҶͻȻľٶһ˭׶û⣬Ǹ÷ɽǿеװͷ˰
Ȼ÷ɽ˫Ķľ֮ͻȻͨһڵأ÷ɽ񣬰ݼ


604 ȫ
һֱȵ÷ɽ֮Ҷǰ˫ֽ÷ǰ֣ҲҪڳݣʵȣ֮ˡ
÷ɽվһЦ˴Ǵۣܲףʵϸ˵ѾǴȺڵӣҸղҲͼ˵ˣʦŵҲ᲻ܣǵµҲܲأԣҩܹ֮ʤңôԵعȺڣܵĻֻҵͽܣ÷ȥˡ
һԵ׹ԭҶóľݶ÷ɽ˵ʵĿľΪ̽һ£÷ɽǷ񻹵ԼǴȺڵĵӣǷҶݡ
÷ɽ򣬼ݣôҲ˵ˡ
÷ɽıҲ֤ˣȻͷ˵ǴȺڵӣȴʼû뿪Ⱥڡ
ʱ÷Ѿ˹Ҷ΢΢ϹûҪΰݵ˼
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ҶȻ׵ľʹӦҩ÷ɽһ˿ײ˷ܣΪѾʶҶԺʵܹҩ֮óĻôȺݲôڽ֮ڣδȺһְû׼ĿԽȺ·չ׳
÷ɽ˼Ҳܿλʵʱ޿̶ΪԼʦſǡ
÷ɽ΢һ֪ĿǰǼƷҩʦ
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ȻƷƷף÷ɽʲô㣬Ҷɲֻʮ˾꣬ȥΪʵܹΪƷҩʦҲԿԳƵһλҩˣ
÷ɽĵͷãǾͱƷҩˣҲԴС֪ڳõֶҩķʽ֮УȽó֣ǾͱֺˣȻҪʤʤҲԡ
ҶμӹС͵Ķҩᣬ֪ܶҩǶ϶ʤĹأʽֱǵä
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÷ɽҶѡҩķʽ͹أȷǸҶһĻᣬҶҲԥ֪Լ׸ѡ֡
˵ķʽó÷ɽƷҩʦˣôҩϵַӦöѾﵽǷ켫ĵز
ͬäҲˣȻҶԼʶ÷ɽʶͬҲοڸҩ֮򣬿¾ûϤҩˡ
ҶûаյģǽİϧæһİϧҪܵ˺ѪЩҩʦ֮УҲûƷܹ߹÷ɽˡ
Ҳ˵ַʽһַʽҶû˿գΪˡ
ʱȴͻȻڵ÷ǰܷһ롣
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ȥߡ
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˶÷ɽɻĿڵڣѵ󷨣
ҪǶ󷨣ҲĳôˣףԣԼ뿪ĳǵģѵĶ󷨣
Ҳе޷϶ˡ
һԵ÷˳÷ɽʦҶղһߵľǳ֮·
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Ȼ÷ɽ֪ʵҶҲ
ҶȷԼҵ˳ĵ·Ϊ÷õĲ÷ɽǱҩֻûʱǲѣԾ̫ͼݱ֮Ҷ׵ĳ
վڹ⣬Ҷ̲סĳ˿˵ʵ÷ɽһλʵɲ⣬ҲǴľ˵˼ңе൱ѹ
ڿʼڳӵʱҲΪһж˳ؼľ취ܹҩϻ
ڴ֮ǰҶҪҸ˵ĵطԼʼѹŵѪ˸ͷųһΣ֪Ѫ֮гֵĻʲôˣ


605 ڻ
Ѫĺ䣬һСӰҶǰ
һŮ³ȹòĽë֮һ˫۾ģһǳĻƤһ鶯ĸо
ǵ¶Цʱ۲תԣϻ¶СѣǳĶƤ
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ŮҶе㷢㶣ʵ޷˿ɰһŮȻǱѪ֮еˡ
ŮҶգգ۾ͻȻһ¾˵Ҷϣͬһ˷ܵĽţһˣлллл
ҶĴûĶԴûĸܣŮȻǿȴͬڼСһ˲ڻа
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ŮĻҶϲ¶һ˿ȣ˵ʵѾǷǳˣŵҲ÷㣬û뵽÷Ȼô࣬µŮȻƾζ׵ķֱֲͬ÷
ŮӣҶҲĴվһԵš
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Ҷû˵壬ŮԺͳ˲ͬļĶ䣬ĳ̺ľ壬϶硣
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һҶ˵ʮ˵Ҳûлɣ̵ⷬ뵽˼÷ɽеĶҩԼɲԽ̵س÷ɽأ
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˵ͬʱ̻һܣȻһУԶһƬ÷ɵС
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Ҷ̸˵ĶˣҪĿǰ취֮⣬Ҳûİ취ܹҩϻ÷ɽˡ
ؼһ㣬Լôܹյ̵ѣһҪ÷ɽ֡
Ҷǲ鷳İϧģϾʩչǧĴ̫
Ҷĵ̵֮һЦͲ⣬ֻҪϴκһֲҾͿԽС
̽еǰ÷ݵҶУҶͿ˾Ȼͬһһֱ̣÷֮С
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мһ㣬ļһҪͻӴȻĻҾ޷ͨˡ
÷Ҷת÷ۣ


606 ֲ
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żĵˣվ÷ɽ󣬲ͣĳҶüŪۣҪŪûаա
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ΪСϲֲֲƵҩرҩģݲԷҩЧĳɷֲԺЧ
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ԣʲôֲǰҼ֣Ҽ֣ȻǸԾͶԷҳֲз˭˵˵ˣǾ䣬Σ
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614 һѻ
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ҶȻҲŭҲ˽˳֪˳ԼҪҲĪκε⣬ֻ˵㲻㡣
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617 ߸֪ʵ
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ΪѪеˣͨԼ˿Ѩٳͨ뿪ѪҺ;ǵȫһͨխѪ˴뿪ֻ̮ͨķʽ뿪Ѫ
Ȼǵ磬ȴͨķʽԼǽĳЩЩǾ֮ͨĶǵҲ󣬶ң˵ʮĳһĵͻĳеĳˣ˵ĺˣǾеһӵԶͬʵ֮ͬ޵еĴڣ
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ãһϢԭ֮ΪʹߵĽ޼ΪΥ֮˴ЩԭҲܵǣʱʱ̱̿׷ɱãȻ˼ĸͶ˻죡ǱģֻͶˡ
Ϊʲô»Ǳˣܹĵ׷ɱ֮»Ҳʮѵˡ
Ȼ˳ѯʣȻͶ˻죬ôǲǻ޼ڣ鵺ڶϵһ׼ԸǴȺڣ
Ϊʲôһ֪ͨҪȺڵԭˣǱ˴Ѿ֮⣬Ҵ̽Ϣ֮лиʲôʥͯΪأƺѰʲôҽĿϣǵʵ֮ǿԿ׵ǴȺڡ
ʲôʥͯ˳ס֮⣬˵Ƕûע⣬Ҳ˵Ķԣһ޼ڣͲڵĴȺܶԸģοּ˻鵺
󳬼֮£Ⱥȷʵûһʤ㣡
ڶϢӦżģĪ类ץˣ;񵶻˹ڵϯ裬û뵽ľǣ边Ȼ֪񵶺ĪҶŮ˵֮󣬾Ȼ񵶸ˣ
裡
Ҷ˫֮жȻһɷ
λȺڵϯϣԼ֪쿪ʼڴΪԼƺ˳ģΪλӶϧɱҶҶȫңΪƻסҶҡ
ҶʼûнԴӦڵ󣬾ôȺԻ͵ʱڿζԸˡ
ҶοǣĴûҪɱʵˡ
Ȼɽ֮Լͽסȥ·ִµĿ֪Ȼ߰Ī񵶣
Ҷڶɱģ
ͻȻ˳ŵĸӷһ󺰣гϵ


618 μ
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ҶոնҪɱ˼û뵽边ȻˣҶɱŨмҪųһվҪӭȥ
ս򸾺ͺҲͬʱվ𣬽ҶȻҲ׼Ҫʦ
Ȼʱ˳ȴһ絽Ҷǰ˫ſס˵ȥ·ͬʱλ򲻿ɺ˺
ҶʵΪʲô
λھͽУȻĻʱ򣬲ˣ¾ںҶҶҪմӰ֮С
ŭĸˣѵ򲻹һ𣿡
˳¶Ц᳤˵ľڳأܴﵽ˳ء
仰һ˵ĸȫĬˣҶո÷ɽ֪˳غ֮ʵĲֻ֮ͬǳأǻһƴ֮ǳصĻɾ治˵ˡ
ȻսҲ֪ʵһʱ˭Ҳû˰ա
ÿ˶ҲҪΪǵĵӺͼ룬Ī绹ûȻҪԼˣҲĶˡ
˳ŵҾλɱҲɶڱϾǱϯϣݻδλɱôʧȥģλҲһӲȺڵıԻλ԰꣡
˳ո£˵Ǵݹ٣ôҲȥ֪ͨһ˹ԵҴȺˣ
һĸߴ󣬳һ˫۵߳˵ǰǴȺڵϯ衣
裬ڳÿ˶޲ýж˿飬Ǵ˿ȴֲòʱסҶҲԼɱûʽεںϯϳμʱͽɱǾ÷ɽͦԼҲ޷ˡ
սȻҲҪΪҶǰ;δǣԴʱ˿̣ÿ˶ŭʱս¶ЦݣĪͺǰߵǰΪгˣĳð´ŵгϵľޣûеһʱȥݷãгֲŶԣ
ڽ֮һ˫̾ʹÿ˵ɨ˹ȥȻûκ˵ͣҶȴܹĲԼĿ֮ʱԸоһӵ̬ȣ
Ȼ֪ҶݣȴѹûнҶ¡
̫ˣֻǱƫֻӴһЩ֮ط̫Сȥɣ
ս֣תҪߣûнҶҲǵ͸ġ
Ҷ𽥵ıһӴϢͷ˳
˳裬ҶҪ޶ԣôպ󽫻ӱ䱾ԼĲʺ
ҶϢͬһĽֱָ裬ͬʱĵг˱ϯϣһȻ鴫ôļӰ
ڻתֻתһ壬ȻҶˡϷ׾·ˣ
гλȨأ۸ڶȻǲʶҵ֮ˣҶȺ
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ȫתɿս֣˳ĴЦ֮
ҶĿҲ˵Ц˰֮ͣµȻ󣬵ôҲȸ½֮ϣ֮λ̩ɽʲô˶㵱ģС޶˵Ǳ֤ݺڣ
Ҷóľ׼֤ݣ룬гϵӦֱٰܹɣ
ľһ˿̰һЦľȻģǱΪľǱˣʧ٣ľҲ֮һʧȻ䲻ľȴϣ㣬ľôõģ
ҶķζҪըˣ軰˼ڰָԼͼı죬ıүүõľ
ǰΣҶһ᲻ܲ˵Ĵ֣ڵѲǵëͷСˣŭ֮£ЦгϣһƱ죬Ҷĳʰ·磡
˳
ȻҶ˳һ̹ڵأڣ
һ˳˳Ϊι£ѵΪСӾǱ
趸Ȼһ䣬һɿֱӾ˳ϯȥҪվ
Ҷһ̧һ֮ڵĵ澹ȻȫѣһǿޱȵӵεĽ˳סˡ
˳ձľ򣬸õ


619 Σ
˳˿̵֮ͬʱܵҶ˷ǿľ
һҪ˳վһȴҪ˳š
˴ȻײȻԼƿȨȻ˳С
˳Ȼ֧ҶԾһԻȻǲĴձľߣĿ𳤣ʮ
Ҷ̧ͷĿⶢ裬֪
ЦҶû뵽㾹Ȼڵˣ˳Ϸأʵ̫ʧˣã
ԼĴìͷֱָ˳֮ͻȻһ̧֣͵Źڵϵ˳ѹȥ
֮£죬¶ȻߣǱһƬޱ߻𺣣˵ɫ䣬û뵽边Ȼˣô˵棬˵Ҫֱӻɱ˳
˳ȻΪߣֻǳأĶֱ֣ӵѹ֮£ûС
ںսڵĸȻȴҳȣΪǵˣɱ˳ǴȺڲ飬óȻ֣ǾǷ˴ɣʱȫԽչ
ʵҲҪǳ֣ΪҶԴ֮еʶעϣԣ֪Ҫ֣һǿĻϵҶһҲǺĸų֡
Դͷųɭɭͬˮһ㣬ǵصӿ˳˲֮ڣͽΧһж
ڸո¶Ȼٴ½еѸٵĴӻ˱ǵǰܿһƬѩص磡
ɫһڱˣΪȻ˵˹ںܶҶĴţǶҶʵۣͲţһʮ߰ˣţлԵܳɳʲôز
ԼĹƣҶҲֻгصʵŻӣ޹˼ɡ
ڣ֪ԼˣͳҶͷųܹԼĻ֮ĺ˵Ҷӵгֵʵ
ȻȻ޷ţʵǰɲš
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Ŀٴηһߣʱһꡱ𣬶ոձһ˲䱬˿
Ҷһǰֱӵ˳ǰ˿
Ȼ˳ϣҶʱͺֱ˺Ҳ֪ڵҶҲǼϲòֻվ˵һԣͬʱҲڷɿŰ취޻ΣĿܡ
Ҷ֮ʱȻһЦУ˳μѵҪдһ£
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ƣ˶ǰ˿˳ΪλڴȺ۵λȫƽƽĳϳ֣ΣԻˡ
ȻƣҶɢȥԼȫƣһƹ˹᳤ֵϣþòˣ
ʵҲĲԸھͺ趯֣ΪܽӮ䣬Լûκκô
ӮˣȻǴ裬¿ŴĵӣЩ˺пܻԴΪ£Ǽһ𣬹ռ˴Ⱥڵһ룬ҲһɲС
ˣǺȻ˵Լǵ֮λϣܻҪЩ֧Լˡ
ˣõİ취ȲҪ跢ͻȵԼ޼ڣǵȵ÷ɽЩǻ֮㡣
Լ޼ڣ˵ΪȺӮҲüΪϣ£ġ
辡ɫе㲻ÿǼȻƶˣҲֱӵĺ˺ΪƵͬŽһ֧֡
ǶҶʩһ񣬶жȻԼ̬ȣȻֱУҿλ֮һЩᣬΪǽһ°ɣλǱڵҶεõľģϸҲѾ֪ˣȻΪţձľ߾൱ڱԣʲô⣬Ժ˵
λǱϯ裬ǳλ̫ϳ֮ıڵһ֣ѾΪھҵҵЧܹ꣬񲻵гϾԹû
Ҷ΢΢һЦгϵĴжţҶĳţУίˣл֣̿ȴҲΥԸպгϴЭҶĳҪʲôĲĵطг϶м
ͬҶЦŵȻһ޷ţ쿴ϣҲ磬ȵϻʱ˵һ£иˣ


620 ʹ
Ŀ뿪˳³һȴҶٴεĵ»Ҫӳ顣
Ҷڰ᳤ֵϣ֮£һ˵Ҫ£Եȡ
˵֮Ҷתµ֣Ȼ񵶰磬ôȻӦ֪ʲôطˣ
Ʋ֪Ī类ܵ飬ⷬ󲻽ɫһ䣬˳ֻԴķʽϸ˵˳
µͷҵȷǸµҪ޻ȳĪһ·׷뿪Ⱥɽ֮󣬽뵽һ֮УȻͣһҾ޴ǵڿն𣬴ӿ뿪ˡ
˳ü޼ڵķй߾ǿӣǽĪ½޼ȥˡ
⻰һ˵Īᵱŵŵš˳սͺɫٴαѿ
Ī绹ȸ½ϣԶϽɳƫԶشǻٻҵЩϵ뿪ȸ½纣ȥ½ǳԼ֮⣬Ҳûİ취ˣ
սħʮڵңԶ½֮ϣҲز죬ûκԵ
Ҷ侲ʵǰ½޼ڣҪõʱ䣿
ҵʵһ·ͣеĻаʱӦÿԵˣ
ꣿҶüëһ壬Ȼ뵽һ⡣
ǳؾ磬ʵҪͣķϰ꣬Ǿ޼ڵʵƻҪǿҲҪǰ궯Ϊһ޼ڵ˲ҹͣ·޼ҲԲĶǳϵĸ֡
Ǵʮһǰ޼ɵȺڷսʹ߲뿪µʱص½ʱԼһ֮Ҳֻʣµʱ䣬޼ڵ˸Լʱ֮ڵȺڰ
ʱһԵҶʲôڵǲǾʱеԲ
Ҷͷ
ЦЦȻҲ֪ǵĵʱ򣬵ĳطҪʱ·ϣȥ˲ͿԵҲ²⣬֮п϶Ҳ֪ƶİ취
Ҷ׷һµʲô취кȻһ֣Ȼڵ統УħĹʩչĿռ֮
ռ֮ԽӴİºĳǶ˲ߣôǱȻǿַͨ˲䵽ĵطˡ
ʱۿĳǱһĻˣҲͬʱˡ
Ҳǻ˵취ռ֮ţ
ռ֮ķʽ֮ƣ֮֮컯ռ֮ţӶ˲䴩Խ޾ռ䡣
ڲһŵ֮жƿռ֮ļأʵʩ취ȴѾʧȸ½֮ϣǿĴȺڣûֿռ֮ŵİ취
ȺڲҲΪȺڴڵʱ䲢ǧѣȺڵ豾ɣȻŸ߼Ŀռ֮
ڻܹҲûʲôþȵģڵʱ֮û֪ǵʵ֮ǿҲǳֿռ֮Ҳ˵һּܡ
½ŵռ֮Ҳʱضĵط˵㣬ҪǾ̫ңԶĻҪǿʵҽĳķ򲻵֮ʱĻҲ⿪ռ֮š
Ҷ˵ǶΪۼħĹֱַõͭͽ̲ŽĳǸߵġ
޼ſռ֮ŵķ֮ҶȻ⣬ת˼Լ׸ò̶ȥ׷ϴĪ
˿Ҷ˼ƶҿڴţΪǶ֪ҶڿʲôҶǺõĽڳ˵ĶǷǳҪ
Ҷȥ׷ôܻܿ޼ڵսȺȻ˵ڻӭ֣֮Ҳܵ൱صĴпͬ½һ޼ڸû
Ҷȥ׷Īһ޼ڣպҶҪٽȳôѶҲ൱Ĵ󣬶Ŀ޼ڻɱĪ磡
֮ڰҶǰľһΪѵѡ񣬾ǸΪ˴ڴȺڣȺڰĿǰΣɿ˵λүүԸǸΪ˰뿪ȺڣȥԼİĪȳ
һǴ壬һǴ󰮣
ѡıߣܿܵһ߳Ľ


621 Ůʧ
һĳĬ֮ҶڻߵսǰͷһҾײԲܷͺϸȥӪ磬ȴȺڵ˽֮Ҿٶ׷ǣ
Ҷ˵ⷬѾѡ񣬶ѡȻڣƺ˳˴˿Ҳ֪Ҷѡļѣ
Ϊ˴壬ҶֻʱȽ˷һߣ
ⲢǼ򵥵һţΪܿԶķ£ӴԺĪ
ս򸾺ͺĿֱֱĿԴѾҪҶȻǵжΪҶѡеԸΪĺڴʱҲ˵һ𱸵Ļ
Ҷѡд
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ҶΪȺڵΪ˰˶ǣպȥԻΪ˵Цܵ˵ָ
֮սϺȻ¶ЦݣǴůЦݣǱЦ
սǰһ˫ֽҶҶѡǶԵģҲ㣬ھȥ磬ģǿ϶ὫƽµľȻģֻǿ²޼ڽ֮ʱΪźˣԼĵ㣡
ʱսڵǱһΪԼŮеԺͽˣⷬҲԴģиж
Ҷصһ£һů⽫ԼΧͬʱҲ̬Ӽᶨĵ˵κ⣬һΪ֮ȥ
Ҫ˵Щɵ粻££һűأսЦҶ֮󣬻Ȼתһֵλ˼Ҫиˣ
ڡơ˳ʼնսûκκøеĺǣڴ˿̶Ǹжսͻһ֮
˳ɼȺڵĵӸһ𣬲ȴ˻ȥսȫǳĸ֣ҪǶ޷ȳĪ磬ǴȺڳǳϼǰȥȻĻ޼¡
뿪˴ȺڣԾ˿Уź߷ȥʱŴŲ֮ɫսܣôˣ
Ȼ󲢲֧ҲΪʲôս׵ķŹȺڣŹҶ
ս¶һ˿Цݵϸ磬֪ĻҲ϶֧Ҷѡ׵ģҵŮʧˣ
΢΢һ֮󣬺ȻЦ˵Ѿкþûһжˣ˸ᣬǿҪúõչչǣʲôƨ֪ǵĺ

ս˵뿪Ⱥڵһʱ֮Ҳ֪˵ʲôҶڵ᳤ϣѾԴȺӭ޼ڵսڣǲǸýں޼ڵϸĸң
ƺ˳ˣڶΪҶ仰һȻҵʼҶϸĽ

½ɽɽ֮ϣվʮˣŮ٣Ϊ׵޼˷磬վʥͯ½껡
˷΢Цĳ½΢΢Ϲ½ˣ޼ӵϢץסҶŮˣѾ޼ڷҲʱԳǰȺˣֻЩǰ޼ڣӦ㹻˰ɣ
Ȼ˷ͣվߵĶ޼ĸ֣ȻʮǿԼȻǫ̬ͬһС˵Ƕ֪ƺǴȻеĸо
½ޱһɨΧ˺ҲһսΣֻҪҶҪġ
˷ЦŵͷӦû⣬֮ǰĲ²⣬ȺӭսıȻҶЩˣʵ͵ĶǳأʵڲеĻԳ׽ҶȻ⣡
ãϣҪҳ֣ΪһҳֵĻ㶼һܹ
½껵ⷬΧЩ˼ζҪըˣСʵǿĹ˰ɣжʵȻ˵ֵĻ
Ǹŭԣ棬Ҷ໰
˷ȴ΢΢һ̬侹Ȼֶ˼ֹ˷ģǰȺڣԲô˳ֵġ
½껸վһԣû˵˷Ҳ̧ͷԶ˵ڻǾúδе㲻˰ɣ
ˣػ鵺ֻͽܹӦÿ쵽˰ɣ½껵ĵ
˷һ˿ŭ½껼Ȼ֪˲ȴҲԼ˵һԼɵȣҲʵеˣ
ҲͬһŭԣʱгӰ˴ͽܽڳǵǰ


622 ·
˷翴ˣһЦ˵κȥ˰ôָˣ
˸Ͳ˷磬Ƕ½껹˹ֵ˼ô˾õˡ
½껽΢΢˵ͷûſ˷֣ϷȷǲȥˣǶԼˣҲóǰ˳Ҳ۽磬ͬʱҲԤףɣһڻ鵺¾ϯ׼Ϊֽӷϴ
˷ȴҲû취ֻһͷͶ˵ȻѾˣǾ׼ռ֮ţ
ʱλվ˳˫ջӶǵĶֵʣڿ֮дʲô
ŵĿĽ֮оȻĸһ·ĳַһ
ĸͬʱдֵ·ԽԽ࣬飬ӡ˿֮У˸޷
վһԵĻ˵̲ס̾Ȼֱܹӿ̳·ҪͿٳռ֮ţ޼ڹȻʵۺ񰡣
˷βסĵɫ΢΢һͷҲǫ飬Ż鵺Ļ֮ޱȣлĻҿһҪʶʶ
˵˵
˶ԻƬ֮䣬֮еЩ·ȻѾγһһصͼЩͼϵһ𣬹һľ޴ͼʱĸ˵϶Ȼһɹǿͬһ㣬ӿ뵽ͼм䡣
âҫ޴ͼһ㣬ʼϵĲҽ
ڣŤͼ߳һȾ޴Ĵţ¶һڡ
˷ЦһˣǸˣ
£Ѿһڣˣ½껺ͽڣҲ󣬲С
˶֮󣬴źȻرգͼ֮ٴɣһţֱʧ
ټɽ֮Ͻʣ»һˣϵЦҲ漴ʧȡ֮һգƨʥͯϣȫû
˲֮󣬾Ⱥɽǧ֮Զһ۵ɽ֮УͻȻһĿĹâ
â֮У˷һʮһ˳
ζԸȺڣ˷ҲѪˣ޼λĳϴ˳
߳ɽȣ̾ӭǾ޼ǰɹ̽ȺϢĵӡ
Щ˼˷֮󣬾ͽЩȺڵĶϸ˵˳˷ҶȻѾ˴ȺڵϢ½껵оȻ¶һ˿Ĺâ
˷һ˵ʵʮֺΪʲô½껶ҶôȤ˵½ʥͯݣζǻʹߣôȤĶȻҲǻȤĶ
Ǿеĵһ죬Ǹ߸ϵĴڣôΪʲôǶҶ˸ȤأѵΪҶ̶̼֮ڣʵ̫ˣ
ҶʵǿȻŸ޷Խĺ蹵ôѰҲץһأ
⣬˷֪ԼⱲӶ֪ˣĵӣҲȥѯʣܹ֮ӵнһУȫǰݻͣȻҪջȥһҲʮּ򵥵顣
˷˽˴ȺڵĶ֮󣬶ЩԼ΢΢һЦھʽԼʱ仹д£ҲţǾȥȺתתǲðɣ

ʮͬӰһ㣬Ȼȥ

Ⱥɽ⣬а壬λ̫ϳϺλϸռһסƷ֮ϣڶȺڵһڣ岽һڵѲš
ƺ˳ͬ´ΪĿǰƷסŵĳ⣬Ҷ
ҶΪӦҪסϵģǵԼԲ˳Ҷܾ飬ʱסƷϡ
ʱ˿̣ҹ˾Ҷһڷ֮У˫Ŀգʵȴ˼š
ΪȺڣҶʮֵǣĪİΣĿǰҲֻܽȽȺڵΣ˵
Ѿ˽˴Ⱥڵϸ˵ʵǺĿǰϾ֮Уֻ֧ʣȷԡ
Ҫλ̫ϳϣȻĿǰûб̬˶֪ʵվһߵġ
ЩҶûзϣΪҪ˵֧֣÷ɽΪ׵ĵ뿪ȺڵЩ߽ҩʦǵ֧֡
Щм͵ģģѹλ̫ϳϣ
ˣҶĵԼܷ޼ڵսߣ


623 ȱٹս
޼ڵҶҲѾ˽⣬Ϊ֮ʵ̫ԶԵõϢʵд֤
˵޼˷Ѿﵽ˳صʵкܴĿܻԳսغ֮޴ʵ࣬Ҷвûжٵʤ㡣
ΪˣҶҲĿʼԼӵеʵĥžβӮ޼ڵս
ϸոմͨѨλĿǰҶܹжʮһѨλѾͨټϳصΪ磬Ҳ˵ɵͬ׸ֵĶʮһ֮࣬ʵѨɵһܹͳصĸ࿹⡣
֮Ŀǰм䴦ѪѪΣѪ֮ϣ۾滹סűϵʥ
֮⣬Ĺ޵תֵֱѪεߣתֵУҶĸȻ걻ӡ״̬֮С
뵽ףҶȻҲ꣬ǽҲȡ˳ϲķ֣ǿŹѾͬʯ˵϶ָĲ
ҶİϧԿܷ깵ͨǷ뷨Ͼֹ֪ͨ᲻Ӱ죬ʱðһ˿ķա
壬ҶҲѾ˳һҩ˳˵ҩ֮ڶǼƷҩģҩЧǷϵЧ
ϳҶʼоԼʵ
Ҫ˵Լȷӵ˲٣˱ϵͽϵʥ޺ʥټϱԴԼؼѪĶ
ϧǣЩԼĿǰ޷ʩչǷӳǿʵô
ˣԼĿǰȱٵľǹս
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630 ڶѻ
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631 ݼ
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632 ټ
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дȺڵӣһ̣ڵѪѾȫȼȺ鼤ܣÿ˶鲻Խ۸ߺɱ⣬ɱ⣡
ȵ˵ȶһЩ֮Ҷһ֣˵ϣλܹЭͬ飬ͬڶɹĿǰΣ
˵֮Ҷһס
ֱӣҶλȥʮ߹ײĺֵͷͰڷ죬Ǿд޼ڵˣ

˷翴ŰԼǰľžͷʬ壬һɫվŵ޼ڵĳϣɫҲÿȥ
ȻЩʬ嶼ûԴϴŵ·Ժ֪Ƕ޼ڵĵӣ˷ȺɧŵЩˡ
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ʱ޼ȴ΢΢һЦˡֱԣƾЩˣ½˲ֵĻ»޷Ⱥڡ
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ʱ䣬ʹﵽ˱˻ʱ䶼һܹﵽľ磬ϣ϶ʲôŹ֣պս֮ʱûСһĺá
˷¶һ˿ЦҶԽԽˣܼˣҶҵҪϵʲôŹ֣

ʱ˿̣Ҷķ֮УɫŲҶս֮ˣô÷ǰڻûأòʳ˰ɣ
ȻڶҶģĵȴ÷ɽ˵ĸ÷ɽɲʵֻҪһڣƶ׾ٵ޼ڣֱڣ÷ɽûг֣Ȼеסˡ


633 ǿĺ
ҶȴԵ࣬ȻΪڡսĲԺ˷翹ġ
ټʵ˵ףҶ뵣δȺڵߣǾԼвͲ߱ʸ
Ȼںֵ̰˶ԼĿأԼƺ˳˶ԼòΪ˴Ⱥڵ뷨Ҳܼ򵥡
ڴȺΣ֮ʣͦսҲǾԼŬܹȺڶɹΣȻǽԴϲ飬ȻҲʮֵƽ
ЦſڣҶվүүżˣ÷ǰڴȺĲȻӦ˻ǾͿ϶ᵽû׼·Ͽ쵽ˣǻȥ͸ɵкɣ
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ҶɫȣҲʵʵ˵޼ڵץҵδޣҪԴвңôֻнʮһȫ£Ϊҵδޡ
Σ޼ڼȻѾԴȺڷս˵ʵ׼ȸ½ս֮ʧܣȥ֮ò˶Ʊػʱ򣬿¾Ͳֻʮһˣ
ڳĶ֮ȻҲ֪Ҳ뵽һǰȸ½ֻչֻûгΪʵ֮ǰ赣ġ
ҶһȴʶˣʵǵѾʵ
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Ҷո֮ͻȻһϵ˵ͷ֮𣺡ҶǺôĿҪֵܶˣ
ɫһ䣬æҶ̫ϳˣ


634 ̫ϳ
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ڿҲûгֵʱҶѾԼµˣһȥλ̫ϳˣԶڴʱͻȻٵ̫ϳϣҶûʲô֮С
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ȻҶĲ²ȷģȥλ̫ϳˣĿģȻΪ̫ϳ
Ҷʮֺ棬ίʵ벻ף辿£λ̫ϳϵģ
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˶ΪҶһѺҶⷬ˶ԪƣҪǶԪĶҶֵĻڳô˿ûܾȵ
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Ԫһ׹⣬ȷûзֻĿҶҸղ˵ĺȻĻûκܹң
ԼϣʵǿԪǰҪѹҶһͷҶҲͬԼ𾴣һЦγϣҾ̫ϳϣԶͿˣֻҪڴȺһ죬ǴȺڵĵӣΪʸ㣬Ҫǲ鷳ʰ뿪Ⱥڣ
䡱һ촫ԪٿȻվ֮ȻһɾƣͬһŰ
ȻԪƵŭֻҶȴҲܵ˲һæ֣סԼ壬ˣɾ˵˵ϯ֮£ʵ˽һģ̲ס˳ȥ⡣
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ԪƵһ⣬ȻҶҲԼһ⣬ȻԼûȫһ˾޷ܵģҶˣҷΪ죬Ȼúᣡ
ѹ˲񣬹ȻеʵҲþûи˶ˣͷеˣ֪ûȤͷ棬һǰ
ԪƵ൱󣬲ûϺͿܴΪԼ˸Ҷ֣ȻҶ׼ӦʱһǺȻ
Ǻ֮һ󼱴ٵ𣬽죬쳹Ⱥɽ
ԪڵдȺ˵ɫ֮󣬶ˣΪǿ֣
˵ѾҶΪףȫӣķȥ
ĵطǴȺڵ壡
ҹɫ֮УȺɽ֮ϣӰڿٵƶ˵Ŀ궼壡


635 ҹ
Ȼ޼Լı֮죬˳ȴǵ˶ԷпҹϮΪ͹ȥľžͷʬ壬ԵȼκһɵŭӴ˷֮ϣѲӵĵӸǱʮס˸ɽҪ
ҶǵĸѲӵĵʵߣ޷޼ڵˣ԰кҲɽתơ
ԺǱƷ޵ʵټǿĵֻۣѲӼֱʲ
ڸղţtĵͻȻɽ³һȺѹѹӰԭеŵ㶼˳
Ӳûоʧ룬׼۲죬ȷһ£ȻʱĽȴѾȻǲûм޼ڵˣǶǵ·ȴǼΪϤԿ϶˵ݡ
ǵĽҲҵˣæ˴ӣ죬˴Ⱥɽɽ壡
Ű֮ϷɿӰӵв΢һ㡣
Ȼ˵ʱҶһĵĻдȺڵӶѪڣǶ½ĳ޼ڣκ˶ûбʤġ
ûֹͣҶΪ׵ĴȺеĳ֣һλ̫ϳ֮⣬Ѿȫϵɽ֮
ЩѲɽĵǣҶ˵Ǻ̫࣬ҶȻǺڰ֮Уȴͬ
ȺѹѹӰԼжʮˣҶ˼ϤӰ޼ͽԶ϶ľԾ޼ڵˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶɫȴǱΪԷʵѾԶԶǵ
˳鱨޼ܹʮһˣȻڣȴ˽һ
ʱ˳Ҳ˹ȻûҶôõһƬѹѹӰȴǿʱɫΪ֮һôôˣ
Ҷû˵Ǳ۾˫ĶΪĶҲһЩ
Щÿ죬ȥҲ죬ҶʱЩȴҲû
СҶѯţǲַʲô
ҶɫصҡҡͷҲȷиоЩ˲޼ڵȫʵɽ»طܻܿصĸ֣
ڳǰѾжʮˣȻҶȻ˵⻹УƺڰлŸ֣޼ھ˶ˣ
һʱ֮䣬̫ϳ϶ԪƵж˸ȻҶǲҶ˵˵ǴȺڵˣδȺڶ޼ڣΪ̫ϳϣĿѶ֣
ֻǣûп˵û˽޼ʵ֮ǰ׼óȻ֡
޼ӵѹԵûߣϾԼҪӵı
ͶԪƱ뷨Ļ裬ߣϣҶ޼˵УʱԼͿϯϵվȺڹ˳޼ڣôԼһܳΪȺڵԼԭȵļƻûʲôͻ
ȻԪƺĶʮֺãڲ֪޼˷Ѿ¶˾ģβҪշȺڣҪȺڣ
¶Ԫӣ˳˷Ҳˣ
˳̽ϢҲûд޼ľֻʮһˣڿԼӵͷʬ֮˷¶Ⱥڵľģټʮĸ֣ͬԿռ֮ŵķʽ˹
Ԫƺ裬ĴȺˣֻгĵǣȻɫǼΪأȴûһ¶˿η嵨֮ɫ
һ̣ĴȺڵӶǱźɹľģһѡ
ԺʣȻһǰĴη֮ˣ
ɵǣ˿Ҳǽ֮˶⣬ÿ뿪Ե֮ǰѾǵĺһ齻
ȻǰҶĻͻȻֵĶԪƸϣЩȴҲĬĬĽҶҪǵĻǻ᲻ϧһд۳ֽ޼ڵ£Ծ󻼣
޼ڵȻǳҹȴȻ׼͵ϮΪߵʮֻɽ·һ㡣
Ǿɽ·֮ϣһĽӡÿӡͬڵһ㡣
ԽԽ޼ˣҶоһһ˼ȻѾˣȻҪúӭӣ𣡡
ǣ
뻮һ𣬶šৡ֮Ѷʱȼɽһֱɽյͬá
Ļ֮У޼ڵͣɽ֮Ҷ΢һʾ⣬˳󲽣֮Ⱥ˵ǰ
˳޼˹Ϊλһ޼ڵĵˣ˳֮ǰӭλ룡


636 һ·Ա
˳ȥӭ޼˵ʱҶѾĺ˷һ֮תɽ
ҶıӰ˷в¶һ˿׺ݣΪҶΪٴμŭ
˵˷Ϊ޼ݣҶôҲӭӣȻҶֻɳ˳˳ȥӴ˾ûн˷˷ܹܵˡ
ڻǶֵʱ˷ֻܽѹһ˳ŷ嶥ȥ
ɽ·ԣÿһ׾ȺڵֳֻվŴԼǰ߹޼ˣЩӵ඼Ҫǻˡ
Ȼǵʵֻг֪޼ǰ֮˵Ϊ磬Ϊ޼˶ǽԼƺòɢ˳ʮֵƻһǹɾ޴ѹ֮󣬼ֱͬɽأѹǶ޷
ˣдȺڵȴûһģһͦñֱؽҧ촽һֱߣӲƾŸԵΪŬɾѹ
ЩʵߵĵǣȻûʸ뵽֮սǴʱ˿̣ȴԼжǶɵҳϺη
ͳһ㣬Ϊ˵޼ˣһĻҲаޣȺܹΪȸ½֮ϵĳɣȻ˳Ƶ֮
ȺڵλĸǣЩֳľҲǸеԵԺ
޼˳ɽ·ߵķ嶥֮ϣǵʮȺڵĵӿʼβȣŵ촽֮ѪڽԼеĻѽǰӦ֮ͬ˵Ӱ֮УϽĿ
ȻӲͦų޼ͷųľ޴ѹʵϵ͵ĵزͬˡ
˳ͳƿҩ˸ϽеĵǷַȥ
嶥֮ϣʮߺĹײİڷҶ˾վڹײĵǰ棬ޱעߵǰ޼ˡ
ʱ޼ڵȺ֮кȻ˷һУ쿴
Զ֮ŸӭžſѾɽɵͷ
޼ڵڿſͷʱɫһεıȻܹϳԼµĵӣ֮ǰǲŸոյЩӵʬ壬û뵽ǵͷھȻȺڸڷ嶥ʾڡ
һʵ޷ѹĵŭȺһָ̤ҶǺôĵӣ
һΰεضֱӳǾŸˣȻ뽫Щͷ
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ͷǣ޼ڵ̲ס˿ϳͷǱޣ
ڴȺڣȻб޵ĴڣҲ޼ڵһ⡣
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΢΢һ㶵ǣ
ҶɫȻһ䣬֮ԼУŭһȻǣкʸ˵ȥ
ڿйǰУֱײϵؿ֮ϣⲻ֮£Ӳıײýһģŵŵšֱ˻صȺ֮С
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˵ϺôҲǳصľ磬ȻȴҶһŭ޷ֵȻǾҶʵ֮ǿͬʱҲǷޱȡ
޼ǱѪϴȺڵĿĶȻҶֻ˳λӭ޼˿ʼٵԼµͷʾڣȻϱɣϱҶˣ޼ڿ˵һ·Ա񣬱Ĳᡣ
˷ڴȺ˳Ϲһ˿΢ЦҶ˹ֵӣǴȺڵˣ˷磬޼ӦʸԻ˰ɣ
ҶΪҲֻȻȻʸˡ
˷֣΢΢һЦҶŴȺڴҵȲԶǰսһȴΪʧǼ治
˻ν⣿Ҷɫ򶨵ĵ
ԶǿͣȻţôҲ޼ҶӭֻһආӴʧʵǲݰ
ͣҶЦһҺ뽫ǵɿˣɹͣǼͬ⣬ڵʮȴԲͬ⣡
ҶһָǶʮߺĹײģо䣡


637 Ԥ
ʮߺĹײڵĻӳ֮£ĴۣҶҲı䣺˵ǿͣôΪҪɱڵʮӣѵ޼ڵ֮
˷ʱΪ֮ʮ߹ײģһֶ˵
ʱ޼ȴǰһҶˣɱڵʮӣ˼һЩţжǶԴǺ֪鰡
ҶĿһתƵ˽޼ϣҡҡͷ޼˵仰ҲһῼǿǣǶʱܹٵ˵ĻԲһֶ޷š
޼һЦҶԲӣν٣ֻľܶѰ
Ҷͷ΢΢һЦѵ㻹֪֮ݣһͷݰ
ҶĻ£˶Ҷⷬ˼ȫŷ˴Ц֮޼ЦȴٿȻ죬˵Ļ
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ĬĬע˵˳ȴȻһ˵ƵߣСĴ᳤ϣ԰
Ŀβԣ
޼ֻǽϣս֮ϣίʵûбҪôǰҳ֮⣬˶ǳĸ֣Ϊ׳ƣҲʵǹͷټҲ˵ˣ޼ڻصĸûг֣Ҳ²⣬ĿĿҪѪϴȺڰ
ѪϴȺڣ
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ڴ֮ǰ㻹Ƚ뷨ˣ׼һ򣬾һ
ЦŴ˳Ļ˳ҲҵֻȽԼеĲѹסתʼ֪ͨΧˡ
ͶԪ֮⣬ڴȺڿԶõĳﵽ˶ʮˣֱϺɵʮˣԼںͺǣ
ԱȵĻȺռţڳֶԣ粻ͬӵеʵҲر޷жϳ޼ʵ£Ⱥڸûбʤġ
Ƭ֮ʮ˳˺Ǻ֮⣬ѾȻƶԼλã޼ڵ˸Χ


638 ϵϵ
Ҷ˷ףԶվ˾ɫȻδ֣ȴѾڸʶ̽ŶԷ
Ȼ˵ʶ޹ΪԷڶһǿĽҪʶͳͳȥ
Ȼ˷Ǻ񣬲Ҷȴķ˷ľ磡
磬ҶܹоԷӵеĴŵǰ֮Ҳжϳ˷ľȷӦǴﵽ˳أͶԪ޼
ƹľпܴﵽ˳أʵǴģֻǳأ̫ϳ϶ԪȴʵʵĳأԸĪҶηԪȴǺ޹˼ɡ
ǰ˷ȻҲǳأҲҶĵ㣬Ϊյײսȫܹظ֡
ս֮ȻǸ˼Ǵ󲿷ֵעȴҲǼ˵ϡ
ڵʼյֱڻûгֵ÷ɽ񣬵Ǹܵ˴ʱҶɢǹǿϢ֮ȴȫ÷ɽ
ҶϢѾμסˣΪԼõ˵ʵ֮ǿȫӹɵģԿ϶ֻҪҶţôгһܹΪĸ֣ĳɾͺʵԻᳬ裬ʦǸ߸ϵľеˣ
ڿҶԣ˿Ҷչ¶һɻʵϢϵео
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Ҷ˵Ѿһֱʵĸɽ߲ʣͬʱǳصϢҲ˵࣬ǲԾ΢΢ӣϥǡ
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⻹Ҷ˽һε֮ԼǿĶ֡
Ҷ̵˳ؾֵʵˣǵѾͨ˶ʮһѨλԼܿġ
ȻУôҶȻټӲһոջǿյĺϢ˲תƮƮģݷûһ˿ҲǻһƬҶһ㣬˷ɽƷ֮УƮһߡ
ձᣬּ֮˲任ֿ˴۽磬˷綼ǰ̾
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ҶһЦ˷磬ԹԵ˫ţͬʱ֮ȴͻȻһƬ꣬α
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ҶʩչֻһʸеƶǶԪƺ裬ڿһĻʱҲڿԿ϶ҶݾԲм١
Ϊܴ̰ƭľģǾûκοܣ̰ҵĲ֮ƶ
οҶʩչƶƺҪһΧֵʣ˷·˾֮ϣʶƲꡣ
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̤ƶڻεҶ¶һȻɫΪ˷粻ϧ˷ͷŵĿģΪÿճӶԼٶȡ
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Ҷ΢΢һЦȻȻ֮УΧڶȴĲܵ¶ͻȻʼ͡
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˷ͷ֮϶ȻðһƴС̴̵ɽ壡


639 ս
Ҷ˷֮ĽȻŸոտʼҶ˲Ϣ֮侹ȻѾ任ͱ֮
еĳּ֪ܹ֮ˣΪһ˽ܣ
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䡱һ죬ɽ˲һĸɽһ㣬ǵأ嶥ȫ
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ҶҪ㿪ɽ帲֮£ȴһǿȻεסܣ޿ɶ㡣
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ںͶԪƣǺظѾֻǵĽؼ֮ǽĳ뵽˳֮С
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Ҷˣһɽѷ졭
Ҷģ
һǽʲô֮
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640 
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ÿֱ仯ǧֱ仯൱ǧֹ֮Ӽ򵽷ٴӷһѭ򣬽㹥һ壬һʽս
ÿһ֮˶ԸԼԼԣȫͬĹֱ֮б仯϶Ϊһ׷˷ԴԼĶһ޶һʽս
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ȻˣѾǿ˶ţȫսգҶԼ޷ǻǺεȵһ
ΪҶѪеǸѪɫӰʩչһʮģ֮£յսܻĵһ֮ǽս
˵µսҶǾ޿ڶ̶̼ʱ֮ھܲ򣬲Ϊ֣սĸ򷨹һǽӡ֮˫ֱֵ籧µƣո򵽵ԻԲıϣ˿ա
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һͬ쾪װľ촫ȺɽΪ֮ҡؿʼѣѤöĿĹ⻪ֱʣڵҹա
һ˶һεֹͣ˴򶷣Ϊһɿֲ˲ֵҵ˳𣬶ͬʱһӰ嶥˵ͷϵɶһʮӰ˳⣡
ںͺǷӦ죬ٶȻǹ˵ĳȻ󼸺ͬʱâֱӳԶԶɳȥĵӰ
λϺ͸ҲǸǰĵˣ˳ȥ
飡
ɳȥӰصˤ˵ϣûվһѪʱںͺѾ嵽ߡ
Сӣ㲻Ҫ˰
ּԹţȴǲҵæƣһԵĺҲԼԴӰ
ӰȻҶ
Ϊܹеһϧһ֮Եֵסʮĸ֣
ֻʵվ̫ȻΪȡһʱ䣬ȴҲ޷ʮֵĺһ˲ײ˳ȥͬʱҲˡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ӱӻζ˰̶ۼҶߡ

ƼæǰɿĽһҩҶĿС
ҶµҩĨѪգ¶һ˿ЦԲλˣ
Ȼ仰˼ΪĿǰȺڽɣڳҲ嶥֮ϡ
Ҷ˵ԼҪеΣʵⲢܹΪû޼ǿʵ׵շȺڣȻٽȸ½ʱ˲ĻôʵʵĹ˳޼ڡ
ڳˣǰҶ𾴵ĺֺѷλϣ˿̶Ѿ֮˶⣬Ⱥڹ˵ڵǺʹȺ֮Ĺϵ൱촽ݣݺûһ˹Ҷ
ȹһЦҶ⻰˵ˣʵӦ㱻ۣΪչǣƴ
ƶҶһڱ֮ʣ㲻ΣͦҴдȺڵлл㣬λǴȺ֮
ҶҲ̾˿СӣʵңұĻҲᵣδȺڵЩûϵ
ڵⷬˣǴȺڵλϺ˳ʱΪ֮һ㶡
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һ˶һڿ˳һۺЦСӣ¶һ룡
˵Уڵʼ˱仯˲ָòź̰߰˷ƵдȺڵȫ֪׷ʲô顣
׼̻¶Լʵݵʱ򣬶ߺȻ˳ĴǰͳȻݶԶγϺгϷ
һ㶣̶ʱȻ򣬰˳Ȼ
ڵȺԴƣٶһҲ΢һ¾ƣԪƺλ϶ʵǿᣬֵܹĻҲȺڻڻȫ
ֻǶ˸ҶĻ˳뵽ðȻ˳ҲѾںȻƣԲͬһˡ
ڶȻɫһһָȻվԶûйĶԪƺԪƣ裬һΪ̫ϳϣһΪϯϣеǰ֪֪
Ԫƺ費ͬʱ˸ȻҶȴûеӸֱӷ̰
׼شʱ׼͵ϮҶûгɹ˷ͻأĳ˵ߣһɨ˺һЦλϣǿϹ˳ҵĻȵɱ֮󣬴Ⱥھǵˣ
˷ҲǾĿ£ͷ˶ԪƺĲԾǴȺڵˣʵȺȴʼղ֣ڵ˵ݣ΢΢һôˣԺܸɴ׳˼ջ
һת˿ںҶֿ˿˷磬׼ȥĽŲٴ˻ֱӿڵϣԶţ
仰һ˵Ⱥڵ޲ɫĿŵı˴Ⱥڣ˳޼ڣ
˷ķЦʶʱΪܣˣλʱ䲻ˣǻǸϽʹȺڵλ·ɣ

ͬԪƺڣܹʮžۼһҶ˹ȥ
ƳҶĵлߣϳǣ
˶ĬĬͷͬƵĽ飬תȥԼ嵲סҶȻ׼ԼȡҶߡ
Ҷйâ˸ѾˣȴԸⱻչˣ̧ͷѾ΢΢׵ĶʣҲԼһճˣ΢Цҡҡͷ̧Ⱦ˵ı
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һ֮˷ܵĴ÷ǰˣ
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647 ʮλ
Хݷκһ㣬಻ϵԶĿӿͬʱһȺӰҲͬһӿпٻ˲Ϣ֮ͳķ嶥
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Ȼֻʮˣվȴͬʮ߸ϵһ֮ɢǿƻһȴնڲضڲ
ոջҶǵ޼ˣ˿Ѿͣ˽Ų̧ͷעſʮͬ콵ˣĪķһɾ⣡
Ƕǳĸ֣жԪƺ˷ؾĳ֣Ȼֻǿʮλվֶûжһ£ǵ˾⣬ֱԼ޷š
Ⱥ˺͸ڵȻҲʮλˣȻںҶղŶȺ󿪿˵ǵȴԾɲ𾪺ɻΪҲ֪ʮλ˵ݡ
ǵܹͬʮλ˵ϸܵһӴϢʮλ˶ʵȺǿߡ
Ȼ÷ɽˡ
ȻҶֻϵ÷ɽ÷ˣ˸ˣһʶǴӵеǹǿϿԲ³Ӧþǵ뿪Ⱥڵڶ߽ҩʦǡ
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ŵ˵֮еÿһˣǶžȸ½Ϊ֮𶯵Ķ֡
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ʮλȴǸûһ˿˷磬ӿƮƮ䵽˵棬ֱҶ˹ȥ
ԭҶǰλϺ͸ͬʱоһ͵ȴݿܵһľߣ¶һ·
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Ҷ΢΢һЦæ˫ֽ÷ɽ÷ˣʱƬ̵ĻǾͼˣ
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÷֮⣬ʵʮ־Ҷͣ÷ɽ񣬼Ȼ÷ɽ˵Ҷ˵ҶҩϴôҶǴȺڵ
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ǰ˶ɵˣǴȺڵλϺ˳ΪȻԼµͻȻֵʵǿĹֵʮλߵݣȴ޷š
뿪Ⱥڵĸ߽ҩʦǣȻڽ죬ȻڴȺͷ֮ʣͬʱ˻
ǲ̫ɺˣ
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Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽޼ھȻҹ͸ϵ˴Ⱥڡ
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Ҷ˵ͷվıֱһȡľ
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λǰͬ÷ڣΪ̫ϳϣ÷ϣ
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648 ÷Ŷ
Ԫƺ˵ɫѾû˿ѪɫҰײҰף֪ҶȻ÷ɽλĴȺԼڶ뿪Ⱥڵĸ߽ҩʦ˵ĻٽӣҲұѴȺڣ˵Ȼˣ˼У
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649 һ
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Ųգޱ飬Ѿվ궼δıһŽµܿܿ
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÷ɽ¶һ˿أʵߵģУܹ½껣½ȴ·𲻴һƺ׵Ĵ͸壬һС
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½껵ĿͬҲעҶȻ̧һ
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650 Բ
½껵ĳ̫ͻȻˣ÷ɽûļӦǵĿĹâѾҶǰ
ҶԼȴ׼Ӽ½껵һҶʣ಻ƴ׼½ֵ̧ͬʱҶҲ֮ˡ
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ԱĺĿ⻪ǰȴǸû˿м֮
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÷ɽ˫ֽճȭҶıӰһһĵ¡ڡͣ
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651 ͵Ϯ
Ⱥڲ˶뿪ˣȻûߡ
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˷жûдֻҪɱƺ˳ôϾֻʣҶһˣȺڵѾ뿪ȥ׷ɱ޼ڵˣȻ»źܶȺڵĵӣЩ߾Ҳֻǳ޷赲˷ǣȷߵʱ
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½껸ûп˷һۣĮһЦҵУһȺϣǻʲôϵ
½껵ĻشҶûие⣬ΪǺģ˵˸Ϊ½ˣڳߵУЩӡҲͬһĴڡ
ߵҪ̶ȣǺߵʵϢϢصģֻǿ˲Ż㣬ŻẦ㣬Ļֻܱϡ
˷һĨɱȴǲ¶˿Ĳڵûʸ½껿⡣
ˣҶ˵ͷǻ˵˵°ɣ֪ѰĳֶΪǸҵϣֻҲΪʲôȫɱĻ㲻Ϳ𣿡
½껶Ҷ˰κŵôãòҵˣ׵Ľɱˣ̫ȤˣҶصսǳȤҪԿж
ⷬҶһں½ԽԼɺһϷˣ뵽ս
սڿѰҵģ첻֪ôȻԭĽ޼Ͷ˻죬ôӦǽս˵˳
ս޴󣬸߸ϵľȤҲпԭڣ½껷ҲǴԼεʩչпһЩߣҲ뽫սռΪУԲŻԼʱ顣
½껵ʵѾǿޱȣ鳾ĸ֣ѧսĻôκ˵һ£
뵽ҶЦŵҾܾأ
½껶Ҷܾ˽ȥ
Ȼ½ûеգҶҲ֪˵ľƺ˳ˡ
Ȼ仰Ҳɫ䣬ĿıҶȻû뵽ڷ½ҪЮҶĳ롣
׼˵ʱҶȴͻȻӿ˰ðɣҾԸϣóȫȻĻҲúȤ
ȻҶǸƶ˿ڵĻᣬֱӿʼʩչս
һ޴ıٴ֮г֣½Ǽ겻һ˿ݡ
սּΪǿսΪԽߵˣ֮ʱܸܵĶҲԽࡣ
ʱ˷ĿжȻһȵߣ
£˷ȳ˳ȥһɽٿȻɳݺݵѹȥ
ǰ˷ɽ峾÷ɽ÷ˣӳȥȻĳҲģ
޼󣬳˳ֻ֮һҧҲȥ
˵ͻȻ͵Ϯ˵ƺ˳ûзӦҶ½Ҳ΢΢һȡ
˵ȥƼ죬ɽѾĥ̴СҪƵͷˣ
ȻҲǳĸ֣˷֮壬ǳضԳأ޴ĺ蹵ο˷Ϊ˻ȥˣҪһɱû˿ıӲ㲻Ҳˣ
˳ҲΣڵϦȻ飬ǽ޼ȴͬȫһƾ˳صľ磬һԶûʤ㡣
ۿƺ˳Ҫ˫˫֮ʱͻȻһĿĽȻǵͷͬʱһʷ֮Ҳ֮


652 ٴβ
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â֮ƺϣһɺȻɢ׾ٵľͽ˷ĳɽͽ޼ݺݵײ÷˳ȥ
ţһʵİºоȻӽ֮˳
ҶղŶĳɤ۵ٴ֮УһĿʱ򰡣
ͻȻ֣ӽ߳ʥӰ
Ȼ֪ʲô飬ҶֺʮһҶ֣˼Դϴҷֱ֮Ҿһֱչ񣬸ոճأͼæ˹ʲô飿Ƿڵļλʦأûɣ
ԭϴεеľðʶȻԼҪͶƣ¶ˣԼʵվ̫ͣԺҶֱֿ֮ӻص˾¿ʼչأ̿Լʵ
˳͵е֪Ҷѣƻչȥ֪ʲôʱܳ֡
Ϊ˰ҶȴԼʵĴûᣬȻأ˹
ҶԼܹԺȻһȦĽɫԲȦһ̫һԭʹڵĻҲǸӵǿңȻαչΪ˴ȵ
ҶԵеˣЦŵ˵Ƕȥ׷ɱ޼ڵˣķǵҷǳʱллôϹģ
ҶĵлŪһͷˮǻشҶǵҸ˵֮𣿡
ҶȻǵãڷеһֿռܹ֮ͨռ֮ţ˲Ϣ֮䵽ط
λϾҵ˿֮ŵķҾͰλ֮ţ˹
£Ŀڿ½껣ɫȻһݣԥĴǰߵҶͣ
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λʩϺôɷһ˲Ķ֣
ͻȻֵİ½껵ϾȻѵõٴγһ˿ݡ
ݽһţ½껵ϺָֻܿĮҲŷڷͨ죬þҼʶһ£һϰɣ
ҶȻĲðǣȴҲҲ֧ɣؼԼǰǱ޽Ѿʼ𽥰ȥ
ղҶѾʩչսȻ׼½껵ʱ򣬲˷͵Ϯƺ˳
һʱ֮䣬½껶΢΢עתƵǵϣȻΪĳ֣ƺ˳Ҷʣ޼ôʱ䣬ҲѾ˷ѵĲˣ
û޷ʩչսԼھһˣֻܽϣڰϡ
Сģǳǿ
˵ͷҶҲܿĳϾҶѾβսҶҲʮ˽⣬ܹҶƵ;ƿݵľأ½껵ʵ֮ǿ
ʱ򣬱Ľɵ˷ˣȴȫûս֮˷磬ͬڵѾܵشѾˡ
ȻˣҲ˿иˣߵ˵ǰֱʱסǣȻߵҶߣͳŵҩݸҶһɣ
ҶҲֽӹͬʱƵ֮һ㣬ȻһЦϣҲСĵ㣡
ĵĵҩѾĴȴ΢΢һһķĶ
ƵҲ˹ȵףΪľ
ҶȻľǾ˵ҶѾǱű֮½ˣ
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˳һõľȻҲҶĴ㣬˵ȴĿֹˡ
ʱ½껿Ѿ˵ҩҶżҸʱ䣬㽫ָһ㣬ȻĻǾ͸Ȥˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǶлˣ
ЦЦҶȴǲ˿и߶ڵŵҩЧͬʱͶʮһѨλǷؼĸѪеѪҲûзŹ
ĹƬ֮ҶڵѾͷųһսˣΪ˱Ⱥڵ˸ϻҲ˲ϼָǳŰ˵ͷȻ½껵ˣ
ƴ׼ҶҲһʮָһ
ҶͰһλѪ֮һλʥӣٴβ磬ǿʥͯ
½ҲϻٴȽȽһ£»ˮ͵Ĺâ˲ͽҶͰȫ
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Ҷǵ֮ȻһѪ⣬
Ѫ֮УһȫѪɫ磬Ϸ޾Ѫɫգ·ޱߵѪɫ
ӿѪ죬֮иĿӰ
Դ֮Ž⣬ֱ
â֮Уһɫľ޴ϥͬͷ죬أ棬һ黨΢ЦһŭĿ
ߣɫţޣĻ֮ȻףаȻ
࣡
ڵ磬ҶͰһߣۿҪɥڶɮ֮ʱ˵Ͼͬʱͷų࣬ʱڵ˶Ŀá
Ȼû뵽ʥͯ½껣˸δʼ֣ҶͰȴѾٴչ¶˳ࡣ
Ҿ˵Ǿž֮ھʱ֣ܳڵҶͰҪ磡
Ǳס˷ˣƺ˳ˣѾǰ׵𺳵ˡ
Ƕڼʶ֮Ȼֻ֪࣬Ǵûмţ쾹ȻۼҶͰͬʱͷųĳ࣡
ԣˣ
ҶͰͷų˸Եĳ֮½껱Ȼ壬˿УԽԽԽԽ
ţ֮иֳ˸ɽ¥̨ͤ¥СˮӰζһ磡
ԭ½껱ĳ˿չֳҲǳ࣡
࣬ͬʱ˿УȫڱգѾնʱʧȥɫ޹⡣
ɫѪ磬ɫľ޷磬ɫ磡
ȻಢУ˵״̬ȴȫͬ
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أδʧȴǲϵĵŷţҲ޷ȫĿԼࡣ
ֻ½껣ȻǸޱ֮ɫҿȻɲٿࡣ
Ȼ½һ֣֮Ͽʼɫԣ׷Žɫ޷ѪɫӰƮɢȥ
ԣĿÿȴ̲޾ɫѪɫ̾ͻᷢȻıը֮
Ѫ֮УѪˮ˾ǧ㣬ȻӿѪɫ磬ֱӽԸ
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ҶͰ˵ĳ࣬ʱȻϵһ𣬹ֿͬ½껵ĳ࣡
һ޴ı֮䣬ǿҵıը֮˾ҵ𵴣
Ѫɫ֮УѪӿѪ˼Ҫգ
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ÿ˶Լ۾̶ֳȵĽ֣ƺѾܱ֮ģǴ˵е˾˰ɣ
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Ҷ૵˶ҪˣǵԼںͰЯֶԿ½껣Լں˼ƣ߶׼ʩչսˡ
ȻͻȻ֮䣬Լ;ǰһڣʱƬ޾ĺڰ֮ء
ͬûͷӬһתȦ֮ҶʱѰҳ·ŬԼƽʼ˼ΪʲôԼ
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ҶŬ˼ͬʱڼս֮еѷѽ⣬ѿȻ½껵Ըһɫ޷Ѫɫں֮£俹⣡
ս뵽һֽŵ״̬֮У½ޱϺȻֳһ˿Ц죬ƺǸ޴һֻȴȻ̧һİɫߣȻ̴ֱָã״̬֮µҶ
Ҷɴãͷϵĳĺͽɫ޷һѹŰɫҲǼӿзŵûпǵİɫߡ
ûпһȴˣ
ھ۾עǰⳡ춯صĴս˳Ȼһ΢ӹعͷʱȻԭվԼߵƲˣ


654 ƿԼ
Ҷ޾ĺڰУԴ˼ţǰʶԼҲֻǵʲôʱ飿
죡
ĸִҶԺ֮ðʱҶȻˣ
ϴԼڣ׷ɱһԻ鵺ĵӣӿ˵ˡֵʱԼ˲ɥʧǣȵѹǸѾˣпᣬȫѪҺɣ
ȻԼɵģʱԼȻԣȴȻܹжҲ˵ƺбڲٿԼ壡
ڣԼ½ھʥͯͷųİ׹ʱԼһεʧȥǡ
ϴԼҪߡ
ϴȫ²ʡȴѵıôһڰĵطôԼǲҲͬ˲ٿأں½껴أ
ĻǾ˭ڿԼ壿ѵ˵Լ֮лһꣿ
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ҶһվΪѾͨԼԵԭ
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һ֮ҶȫĻԣΪʱ껹ǿ󣬻˵ûֳҶѾһɫС֣֮ӣȻѪҲ޷Ҷ׻ԣֻķҶ
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ʵڵֻҵ꣬ôҾӦ֮뿪ƿԼ塣
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Žɫ˳ĳ֣ҶƬڰռ侹ȻҲҡ
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ҶҪܣǸոռݵȴȻе㽩ӲµмⶼǱʯͷһԼʹ
ҶֻĿ׹Լĵ֮һ̣оĿ־壡
֪׹϶½껣Ȼۣ̺Լ󣬶Լ۷״̬֮£Ҳ޷Ӳ׹⣬˵ԼѾǧٿף鶼ûȥȫ
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һ޴ѪɫӰѪ֮վ
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һεľ޴âֱӳѪɫ磬޼᲻ݣâֱ̰ɫ
䣡
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׹⡢Ѫ⣬գȫ֣𶯣޴Ӵӿйһ㡣
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½껵ͷȻɳһͭɫľӣ
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һɰɲǼ磬ɫ߲⻷֮£ĿʼƶһһҶͰȥ
ͬʱʵľͷһߴӰͬǸһ㣬ķ嶥۸


656 ײβ
һӭ滺ⱾһĿķ羰ȻҶͰ˵ȴͬһĿֲ
֮дһļµĿֲϢԼ˵޷ԵĳҲ˾⡣
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ȻżȴΪֻĿԼԽԽ
½ȫʵľͬ˵˵ӻ־һǳء
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ףضΪ֮һ¾Ȼͣ˿У
ҶͰܶĻǾܿǰλʥͯ½껴䲻ϣȻ¶һ˿η壡
½ȫ֮£ܹѹסҶͰλţܹ״ݻٵһȺɽѾ޵еĴˣȻھȻܹη壡
ȻҶͰܶ˵ȴ¶˺֮ɫüͷ壬˼ͬһ⣬ǾԼȻżֶ죡
һĻ˶ûϵֻ½ͻȻһΣͷ֮ϵĹžѸûڣҪѹҶͰԴҲǻһ׹⣬½껵塣
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ҶƲŵľ鳾ǼǺܿͬѾ鳾÷ɽ񣬺ű֮ɴ˿ɼŵʵΪǸߵ޷ˣ
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ֻ˵ûУֻϴſЦû취ŵĻκεĻӦ
Ȼ֪ڵ״ǹһЦҾ˵˭ֿܵǸһôģԭС޶ô̵ʱڣʵ˾˵ߣǳ
ˣҪȥ׷ǾϢһ£ǻͷ϶лټģˣ
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ŵ뿪ҶͰҲæʼŬǿɲһֱôſڵϣϾڵǾӤһûκԱҪе˳ֵĻ׾ٵľͿɱǡ
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סҶ÷ɽ񣬶ں֮󣬾ͱͣΪѾ˳ǱߵΡ
ĬĬķҶתҶҲڿ˳ԼǰΣ
ҶոΪָһ˿ɫɲ֮ͬˮһȥٴα˲԰֮ɫ
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֮УҶ·𿴵ЦݵĳԼ˵ͷȻתȥ󲽶У߳Լߣ߳磡

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˳ҪĻҿԸһᣬ˵йػһУ˵й½껵һУ


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˵֮Ҷʹİϧת뿪ˡ
Ҷ˼ף˷˳ˣδã
֮ҶҪ˳еŭʹеطй֮⣬ҲΪǰ˳ʱðǸ뷨ܹıʵ
İϧͻѪҶվߴĬĬĿŶǺڣҲĪڵķ
ҶóԼĸ飬˵ڸ鷽Ǹ۲۵İ׳գĪҲǹһˣԴӺĪһ֮ʵҲʱ޿̵Ķ˼Է
ֻҪʵ̫࣬ڣʱ˿̶̣ǰ޼ȥѰĪ磬Ϊϻĺܶණ
ǾƵԼԼĲʶʵǷǳģԣǳĪ磬ǳҪһ
Ҷĵ磬ңϱ֮һܻţҾͻȥ㣬ҵ֮ҾͻȥѰҷҶѰҷҶ취ϵ֮࣬ȵ֮ҾȥɽףʱǾҲֿˣ
ɫİҶﾲվһ֮תصԼķ䣬ŶûйأȴŰĵȻûãӰͳˡ
ûλʦԣҶͰԶ࣬ҲֱĵҶ֣Ȼ⣬ȴ֪һַҲܹ֮
ҶӦѾ˵Ҳܰٷ֮ٵĿ϶ҷڵĲ֮أҽ֮󣬲ܳɹ㶼ܸˡ
Ҷ΢΢ü㻹ǱˣԼ뿴취
ֲðҪ˽ԭ˵ķǷڲ֮أԼҪǱڵĴʦ֪ʱû׼Ҫ
Ȼȴҡҡͷû£ֻҪ㲻˵û˻֪ģҾ֪ˣҲûϵˣʥӣ
ҶЦһ£ʥӵݣ൱ڷڵˣȷû˸
ҴصһΪϵ֮ϿģⱾʷˣѾ֪λǰд
ҳԹǶʧܸգԲ֮ʲô̵ܹҪǷʲôԵĻǧͣ£ҪټȥȻĻ»֮ǡ
˵أҲȷΪԼǣҶȻ֣صĵͷӦ
ѹСĵҶ֣֪֪Ѩλ
Ѩλ
ҶľʱΪ֮һԼֹ֪̫Ϥˣ


663 
Ҷǿаסĵ𺳵֪Ѩλѵ˵ѨλҲйϵ𣿡
ͷԭҲΪѨλйϵǱȴдķǳ˵˵ʶǿȡ֮ͨͨĳЩضѨλ֮ӶʶҲøӵǿ󣡡
ⷬҶٴμѣͬʱҲۿһǱΪ˵ģ˵ʶʶĹıϡ
ҶһִдЩֵģ᲻ˣϾѪսͨͨѨλʵĹģ
ҶҲ֪Լ뷨еһԸ֮󣬲Իž֮Ȼܹ뵽ҲҲ뵽
Ȼ֪Ҷ˿ĵ뷨Ǽ˵Ѩλֱֻ࣬ͥѨӡѨͰٻѨһǰһü֮䣬һͷУÿһֱߣѨλ֮ϢϢأмأֻҪѨλ֮ͨ
ѨλҶİǰٻͥѨΪѰʶĸԴԼڰٻ㡢̫ͥѨλ֮ؾҵͥѨ֮ͨӵʶ
ӡѨΪѨҶȻȴûôע
ĻѨλȻ֮ϢϢأ⵹Ҷû뵽ġ
ϸһ룬ҶȴҲͨʶǿȡ֮ʶĸԴͥѨͥѨλѨλм䣬ϳаٻ㣬ӡãѨλһֱߣԲ󣬴ͨǣȷӦû֮
֮⣬ⷬҲҶһջ
ʶʶҶѾʶΨһľʶ֪ʶصѨλһھôһ˵Կ϶ٻӡѨλ֮УһǺʶأ
ڣҶԽԽǱߣ㲻ħ죬ҲӦúһЩϵ
Դ֪֮ҶλʵӦѾͨħ۴˵һж˺棬ϧǣĿǰΪֹûκ֪йκһڣӰⱾ֮УҲܹ׽һЩйص˿
ԥ˰֮ҶڻǿڵܲҿһǱ飬֪Ҫܹ֣˵ǳҪΪкܶⱾҲܹҽ⿪Щ󡣡
ҶҪ󣬰ϹȻ¶һ˿ΪѣĿҶһ֮󣬻ǵͷԣⱾ̫󣬼Ҳ޷£뿴ĻͱԼȥ¡
ĴӦѾҶϲȻڴӦȵպԼʱʱһҪȥ˾¡
ϸĽԼôĵúޱĸҶ
ʵҶҲʹʮ꣬ȴܳΪѼʥӣΪߣ֪ڷ֮ϵ츳򵽵ĵã޼۵ĲƸҶǳ
еһж˵֮һҹʱȥ콥ˣҶҶ֣ʲô㣿
ŰʳҶԭº͵񣬾ȻͬԴһļӲ͸¶ڵɱ
𣡡
Ȼ˷϶ˣɱƵ½Ȼң⣬Ҷ;׷Ͼ죬ҲҪҵΪƱ
ҶĻش𣬰ûκε⣬Ҳŵ㲻Ķ֣ȥֻ
ȷ½껵ʵ֮ǿĿǰҶܿģϰǶ֮ҲԾɲ½껵Ķ֣Ҷȥ½껣ҵֻ
ҶЦˣվߵһԣŶʾͷ̫֪֮о仰УҲ˭ϾȵģҲ˭𣿡
Ĭһ֮ҶŵЩ飬ҲҪȥ
峿ĵһҶϣԡ֮µͬһһã
עҶıӰãϺȻ¶һ˿ЦݣҲ֮վҶ׼ȥ
޼ںͻ鵺
ףܹóԸˣҲˣǺڣ
лл㣬ˡһͲԶˣܽҲôҿ϶ȥģڣ
£ҶѾһʧ°Ծ΢ЦҲ˭ҶлΪ𣬾һȥһȦɣ
û뵽ʼҶλȸ½ţʽ˺;ԿĻ


664 Ŀ
Ҷ뿪Ⱥ֮ǰҪȥһ¾Ǻͽģڶҽ޼
ȻҶԼʱ򣬾ͺͽʶĳΪѣҲֻƼˮ֮ϵûжãȻνȻðΣǰҶ֪ͨйĪ飬ȴҶо˶Էֿ
ֻǽǻ˵״ӣҶͻ鵺֮ƱؽǵжԵĹϵܿҲͬԴ޼һһսҶҲϣܹͽЩ˵ϾΪС
ȻǱӵз˳ݣȺڲûи̫ɣǽ
Ҷһ֣л
æҶҶˣҲѣҲݣӦġ
ôһ˵ҶҲȷΪ߼ңԼͽ֮仹ݣֻǾʲôݣǾͲ֪ˡ
ҶҲûͽףֱӿżɽĵ֣ӦѾ֪ˣҺͻ鵺֮ǵзѣҡ
Ҷ֣ЦҶĻЩ鲻ö˵ˣұҪӵԲϴȥҶʾθ˷ǰ˾΢֮֮⣬Ҳһ¡
ʲô£
Ҷﲻ΢΢һͻȻ䷢ֽԼƺԼĿġ
ûϻش𣬶̾˿ʵ鵺Ȼǻ촴ģʵϳεͻйϵ֮⣬һֱǸʥͯٴγ֣мǧʱ䣬ǻ鵺Ը㣬ҲȻԵá
ȻڣͻȻ˸ʲôʥͯȻҪȫ֮ЩҲͰˣʦΪһ֮ҲһˣȴҪΪȫ˵İΣίȫͷһСߣƴӣаΥ
Խ˵Խߣ֮Ѿɱ˸
ʦΪ˱ǣọ̀ΪӣʵǲĿʦԵҵ֪ȻҪԸҶֵʱҾ;Ҳһᡣ
ҶѾ˽ҪԼʲôˣǽҪԼԸ½껣ƷͳΣ
Ȼе⣬ȴҲ֮УԼˣΪ˱Լϣĵȥ˵ԼҲ뾡취ԸǸ˵ġ
ϿҶڽֶ˼ֺøУΪ֪ʦص
Ȼ˵ԼĴ㣺Ҷֺɱ½껣׻ٵ죡
ҶȻѾµȻĻССһ£һ½껾ͼѶԸˣȻٵ죬ǲС
Ҷ֣֪⻰˵е󣬵ģΪֻг׻ٵ죬ǻ鵺ɣȻĻɱ½껣ֻܾһʥͯ
ҶĿһ鼤Ľ֣һ£뷨ʦ֪֪
֪ѹҺʦѾˣ㲻ͬ⣬оҲе㲻ʵԱӦǺ˷һǰģ˸ûֻǰ̸̸ҶֵĿڷ硣
ֻҪҶͬ⣬ǻҶʱĻȥ˻鵺ʱ̸
ҶƬ̣ڵͷãò˶ãҾͻǰ鵺ݼʦ
ҶӦʱϲ̫ˣҶֵǿ϶ܹɱ½껣ٵ죬иϻػ鵺ϢʦʱǻڵϹҶִݣ
ã
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬽ͻȻһԼԴҶ㿴ҹŸˣôҪ鶼ˣ׼õĵͼͼҲȫֻǴӶ֮鵺·ߣΪ̫󣬸ûܻƳ꾡ĵͼ
ݵͼҶ˵ȷǷǳҪȻֻǽ鵺λ⺣ûеͼĻҲ
Ҷ뿪ı˷ܵıһȥһ˿Цݣ
ӽ뿪֮Ҷͣ˵Σҵ˽޼Ϊ޼ܷƱܷɱ½껵Ĺؼ
ȺڵĵΣһһյķ䣬˱˴֮޷Է
˷޼Ҫ򶨵Ķ࣬ǽڣЦЦĿҶˣ
֪Ҫ
ȻҶƾӦҲ־͸㣬׹֣ʩչôǿսֻϧһʽսȫ㻹һ׾׾䣬ֻ֪
Ҷ˫֮жȻһ⣬ĶŽ޼Ǻηĺš
Ƭ֮Ҷеľȥ˵ɣҪʲô


665 
Ҷ֪ԼĿǰʵ½껵Ķ֣ѧġսôپпܺ½һƴ֮Ҫõ׾
޼Ȼǲµ㣬ԲŻԵ޿֣еĵ˵ҶҲǴˡ
ŵĽ޼Ҷȴ¶һ˿Цݣҡҡͷ޼֪֪һ˵м䶼ǲ֮УֻҪܹ꣬Ҿ֪֪һ飡
䣬İϧٴγ֣
޼ϵĵʱסˣȻû뵽Ҷ߾Ȼܹ̽ˡ
ģʱ㻹ҶǷϵΪȻɽ룬ײӦúܸ˼㣡
Ƚ޼˵İϧѾһǰָ˽޼üġ
İϧｫ޼и֪һһε˵֮Ҷüͷšһǵ˵ˡ׾֮󣬸ǾȲѡ
ӡ壡
׾ȻӡУ
Ҷӡ廹и֮ԼϾҪʱˣΪȺڵ飬ҶѾɾˣ첻Ǵӽ޼ļе֪׾Ͳӡ壬ľҪεԼˡ
ֻҶǷҪѰ½껵䣬Ҫǰ޼ѰĪ磬Ҫ鵺;£ֶӡ壬ԴҪȦ
׾֮⣬޼֮ҲһЩйĵ
Ϊڶ޼ڣڣ鵺Щɻ촴֮䲻ͬʮȫһ壬ȥҶѾ֪޵תֵͱ֮⣬ߵ
ֵעǣʮʮһʮһ֮⣬һܵ
ÿʵǼߣȻ޼ܵϲǸûмʮλҲ֪ǵľ徳磬ֻ֪ǶɮħĹЩĸ֣ܵǰƨҷš
ĵĿƺΪӰº׹Ȼֶ˸Ҷ
޼ֻ֪ô࣬Ͼ̫ǳܶûʸ֪
⣬ҶҲ֪˵ڵıΪʹ߽УΪʳι£ڱҶײ֮´ǵļƻ
ܵ˼ºĳת֮ץסҶͰ˼ɣȻû뵽޼ΪɱսˣȻ۸öɮɱн֡
ĽȻǶɮʧܣҶͰûץסҲΪý޼ˣĲſʼ׷ɱ
ڣҶ˽ǰѾԲѵĽ޼һָķĵΪһˣȻת뿪
޼ύսԴã
ص䣬ҶŹϣһ棬Լ侲ʼ˼ԼȥҪ顣
ΪҪʵ̫࣬Ҷڱ˳򣬷ػȻһɣ
Ҫ£Ǳ𣬾Īǰӡ壬ǲ޼ڻӡڵϽ붼ʵ̫ԶȥıߣһһضҪٴһʱ䣬ôʱ֮Уܷκε飡
̫ԶʱĲð
Ҷվ겻ڷ֮ȥ̧ͷ˽յķŵʱͻȻֳһ⡣
ռ֮ţ
Լܹʩչռ֮ŵĻһоͶˣ
Ȼռ֮ҲһּΪ߼սҶѾʶʩչˣھĶɮͽ޼ǣҲͨռ֮˲Ϣ֮ӾµȺڡ
ԼͰ֮Ľ飬Ҫѧ֮ŵʩչǲܵģæԼϽ޼ڣӦûǲģҾ¾Ⱥɽ̫Զܸϵ
ټϾлǱԼżջĹᣬҶܿ˾ȥ£Ȼٴǰ޼ڻϽ
ȻͷҶҲڶȴû̶ǷԸһ
ʼһ߳˼һ֮һһ֣
޳ʹٶףҶԪʣ񵶣ɽݺСֺУħЦŭĹ֣ع棬ʮܵ½껣
Щ֣ǰڽ޼ļ֮жһһĳˣҶЩֵʱ򣬲Ļ䡣
ÿһ֣һλ䣬еּһ𣬾͹ҶӵõѪ쿪ʼһֱʱеľ
Щˣһͬ㣬Ҷĳˡ
֮еһЩˣ˵ٶף޳ʹҶѾȥˣǾƵ֮ȴı⡣
ϣԼκΪҲϣκΪ˾ԼΪ˱ٳ֣ҪԼеĳȫɱնݳ󻼡
Ҷһ֮˿ţʼչĺһԾ˫ֱֱĶҶ
Ҷź΢΢һЦ֣Ǹóˣ


666 ʵѡ
Ҷźǣҹɫ뿪壬뿪˴Ⱥɽžµķȥֱڶ磬еӷҶķŴ󿪣ȴѲӰżæȥ֪ͨ÷ɽ˳
ǣһȺ˼ææҶķڣϷҶµһš
ŷд֡˳
֣ԾĪ˳ԼˣȻ˶ѾµҶǲǶ𣬲µһǽ˴Ⱥڵ񣬵ȴû뵽ҶµžȻǽ˳ġ
Ȼ˳ҶĹϵãȺڣ˳ֻһλϺʮλ̫ϳϣһλڡ
Ҫ˵ڴȺĹ֮ϣûпڵʸ
ȻҶȴָյĽ
˵ע֮У˳ĬĬǰ˺ŷ⣬Ŀ
ڳȻÿ˶еҪ֪дľʲôݣ˭Ҳ˼չȥֻͨ˳沿ı仯²š
˳Ҳڲϱ仯üȣȻľ
üͷʵҶСдʲô
˳ѹ¶ЦĽŵݸں÷ɽ˵Լɣ
˶һ֮ڽŽ˹Ȼ÷ɽбߵģȴĺ
ڼһĿʮеĽſ֮ͬЦҡͷҶҽһ仰
ԼտʼҽȺ֮λ˳ϣλܹľ
仰˶סˣΪʲô˳ıһٱˡ
ҶȻȺλý˳
˼еԼϵĿ⣬˳ֵλһЦҲѧǳΪ΢ܵαһְѾл֣̿ܵ
Ȼʼû˵÷ɽӵľǲϣ
仰˳ʱһ㶣ȻһԴô¸ˣľȷҵϣ
˵֮˳ԼĻͳľҲˣ֮ǰҶԿ½껵ʱƽƣֽƽԼ
ΪƵԼһֱڱʹ֮УȫĽ¸׵Ժڲ
˳ŵľ˵¶˸ֲͬĿ⣬ĽΡ
ֻ÷ɽڶ˶Ŀľ֮󣬺ȻԴ̸ڣǵҸ˵Ļ𣿡
ǵã÷ǰҸϽѰһʵѡ
÷ɽһμڵʱ򣬾߹ڣϽΪȺѰһµѡΪȺڸݲҶ
Ȼڼסˣȴû뵽ҶȻô뿪˴Ⱥڡ
˳𣿡
ڳƬ̺ͷҶȻҲҶеˣҺ˳Ҳദһʱ䣬δս֮ǰ»ʸ᳤ϵΪ˫켶棬ϳΪټϹ˵ıԣ룬ӦûҶҪʺϵδȺڵ
÷ɽ¶һ˿Ц⣺Ҷ϶ҲôģԲŻѡʱ֮λ˳
÷ϣ˼
÷ɽ΢΢һЦûлش𣬶ֱӶ˳ݵ÷ɽμ
Ȼ÷ɽ񶼴ͷ˳ݣôﻹ飬ǳ֮⣬ڳȫݵ˳ǰ
μ
˳ʱ˶ɵˣվ޴룬ðŻعżĵ򲻿ɣǿ
˵ͬʱֽľݵ÷ɽǰ÷ϣľ
÷ɽֱһֵҪұϲҲ𣿡
⡭
÷ɽȫûʱڵĴĶ𣺡˳ȻҶ㣬ҲҪԼ˵Ҷ˵ĺȻˣȴԶʹȺһȺκΣѣֻҪһô֧㣬㻹˼ʲô
˳Ĭˣ֮¶˼֮ɫһͷȻôңҾʱػȺڣϣλܹסܵʲôʱԶǱ

Ҷͬһһ㣬֮ϲϵĻžµķȥ
Ϳ౯ʦһǰ뿪ģҶٶȱԼֻԼȫ֮£Ӧп׷ǣһ߷УʶҲһ߲ϵǰ죬鿴ǰΡ
첻߲ݵķ֮Ҷʶ֮ڴһ˿ǿʱΪ֮һϲȻ׷ˣ
ȻžҶüͷȴΪǰһ˵ģ


667 ֵӡ
ǰȺڵķ޴ʦͬڹλȻ뿪Ⱥ֮϶Ǹظɣǰ϶Ǻ;µķɣҲʦ౯ʦһ뿪ȻڸǰҶжϳڿ౯ʦġ
ǰأ
ڸԼ̸һҹ֮󣬸ǻؾˣôֻп౯ʦһˣ
ɻҶԼϢͷ˳ȥÿ౯ʦӦ
ҶڵʵȫϢĻոֻгؾĿ౯ʦ޷Ӧġ
Ȼ౯ʦƶӰͣѸ׷Ҷ¶֮ɫʵҶôˣ
Ҷֺʮһ౯ʦеҪҰôûиһ𣿡
౯ʦҡҡͷûУǰ뿪ڣȵλʦֿ֮Ȼһ⡣
ʲô⣿Ҷʵ
ңҲ˭⻰ν⣡
仰Ҷ͵Ķһ£ΪԼĻشѵ˵
ʦλشģ
Ȼʵʵ˵仰ǵزµĺĴԸգĲɷȾ֤᣻Ҳ˭һἺΪˣľ񡣡
˵ⷬʱ򣬿౯ʦׯϣȻͻȻ֮ȴǻ˿Цõɫ˭룬̶֮һиϻؾ£ҪȥȾ
౯ʦĻո£ҶȻҲһлʦһм£Ͳʦʱˣǣ
ûȿ౯ʦӦҶѾһâֱӳ˶
Ҷ˲ѾԶȥıӰ౯ʦٴ¶Цõ飬ҡҡͷʥӺҶһеֻƢδе㼱˵㡣
ڿ౯ʦҲ׼תȥʱǵȴַ˻
ĿɿڴĿ౯ʦҶǸһЦʦ֪ܷһæ
ȥҶ౯ʦȻ˵ܾĻԣ
ʦæܻеΣգԡ
Ҷ˵꣬౯ʦѾͰһЦϵҶȻѸߣɥʧĸɸɾ
ʦ£Ҳ˼֮ǰҺӡ֮еԹԼ֮һȥϽԹҪʵǷֲʧӡ壬Զʦܷȥ֪ͨһӡˣ˵Լ֮Ƴһ꣬һ֮ڣұضǰϽ
ԭҶϣҵȻ֮ŽԼϽڴӿ౯ʦĻµһȥ޼ڰԼˣֻܸıƻи޼ڣβðһա
ҶҲԸʧ֮ˣһʱ֮ҲҲ˿԰æֻð౯ʦ
ȻϽȷԶǿ౯ʦȻǾµķɣȻܹʹ֮ţټһ֮ݣĻӡӦûš
Ҷ󣬿౯ʦȷе𾪣һ֮ȴȻˬĵͷҶţľҶһϽðһ䣬ҶҪǷйء
йأ
һİȻҶ㣬ҾͿԷˣҲҶģҶὫĻӡ壡
лʦ
Ҷٴθ౯ʦŶȥ
һ·֮ϣҶκͣԼٶʩչ˼ޣҪ׷ϰ֮⣬һ޼֮ҲڿлĪ硣
ȻҶΪ˴Ҵ壬òŮ˽ʱŵһߣھȻҪǰ޼ڣڤڤ֮һ㣬׿еĹǣһı޼ڡ
Ϊ޼λ½Ҫ纣·;ʮңԶǵƶҪʱܵһ·ϵʱ䣬ҶȻҲ˷ѣǾͳŸ·ļ϶ƴԼʵ
˰ߵ֮ͰٻѨĹϵҶȻͿʼȫȥͨѨλ˳СָٳҲܹĸѨλ
ǰҶͬʱȥͨѨλڶ˵ĵ˶ԽԽǿʵһ㣬Ļᶼһ㣬Ҳǻȥˣٴһ
ٳѨȻҪ˵ˣ׵ľҵˣٻѨȻһ㣬ΪλͷУҲȽϺң˳̽Ѱȷλá
ҶеֵǣӡѨֻΪҪѨҺλüУλȷʵҵ
ÿҶоԼҪҵʱüоͻᴫһּ΢ȴʮԵ
һȻɢҪ¿ʼʮ֮ȻҶĿԿ϶ӡѨʲôŹ֣ҪǰǰƢ϶ǺĵףΪѾͬʱͨѨλҪΪӴʵûа취ٰװ˷̽Ѩˣֻη
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668 
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ҶվڿмĿԶڲԶ֮¥УȻһУвһϲ
غĳУȻиۿںǰ½ߵĴֻľ̴ȻϺʮΣգǸͨ˶Ըðһԣͨóô档
ҳ̣ҲǶҴֻһɴӣҹӶ߳䵱ڣȻЩԸ䵱ڵߴӡﵽ
ĸ䣬û㹻֧ţ޷֮·ߵ̫ԶЩǿڵ˸ҪеĶˡ
Ҷе˷ܵǣȻгУôԼû׼ܹЩ̵˵Ŀдǰ½·ߡ
ҶæзȥΪ˱⾪ףڳ֮ԶͣԼϢǱźǱͨСȻŴС
ۿڳΪĺ֮ˣԴ඼ǼΪٲʢǰҲˣַΣֿ˱ȱȽǡ
Ҷû˼ȥЩֱӱͷ˵СǮӼؤĿдһȦ֮ȴ֣˸Ͳ֪½Ĵڣ
Ҷʵﵽʱ򣬶֪½˵Щͨˡ
ټǰ½ֶҪµʱ䣬֪Щͨ˳˴ȥҪüʮʱ䣬һһصĻ㹻һ˴ӳˣԼ֪ˣҲû˿ȥ
ϢȻҶʮʧվͷϣЩ޴Ĵֻ
Ҷ㶵ʱȻһУСģ
ͬʱһӰȻײֱۣ
ҶʲôʵôԼоһ׼ײ֮ƿʱ򣬺ȻֳԼһĴߣŴŲѣɫڣ¶ܲĸ첲һǳںͨˡ
ʶ˲ſҶҲԼ̧ľͷӣۿиӼһǾҪײԼˣ
ҶʱףǺģԼײԲѣһҪƿԼ
ﰵһҶȻջԼ˵˫ƵԼϣҾԱһˣͬʱҲסߵ˫֣һҲ˻ײķΧ
ʱ̧ӵ˾Ҷߣ׳Ҷֵĵģùû۰ҪײǵĻ㶼ⲻ𣬸ϽԶ㣡
Ҷ΢΢һԷˣ
Լվﵲס·ȷǲԣǶԷֻҪںһԼͿ϶ܹ㿪ǶԷǵڷԼһٳ
Ҫһͨˣû˵ѣ˾ҪײͷѪˣ
Ҷһ˿ŭССĳͽһ⼸׳ʱֱȴղŵ߸סˡ
ѹСӣǧ˵ǣĿɱ㣡
֪׳ǵֻ߲֪Ҷ
Ȼ߿ˣҶҲúЩ˼ƽϣæһɣղŶлˣ
߰ڰ֣˲ɣ¶˺ͰЦݵʲôллģСӣҿ﷢˰ˣǲʲôˣŵùҵĻ˵û׼ܸæ
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߿ҶһۣȻִӻͳ˼ɢӵݸҶȱǮ˰ɣţǮȻ࣬ٱ
ҶܾѾҶУʱԶ˴󺰵ͷɻܵȥˣ벻ˣɹ
ˣˣ߻æӦһҶֵӣ뿪㣬ʲô£ȥģ
Ҷĳ嵽һǰ棬һĴ󺺵ͷĵүԲסԲסⲻ𣡡
ֵһѵģٸ׽ҪǿӲŲأ㣬аʱҪˣҪǰ᲻ЩӵĻԶȸ½ɣ
仰֮󣬴󺺾ʹҡڵ뿪ˣҲ̽ߵľͷӵһȻĽӸ˼ϣŲѵŲԶһҴȥٻʮͬСӡ
ҶļߵıӰ̴ǵ׷ȥ


669 ҪҴ
Ҷߵ󣬵һУͽϵӽӵԼϣž㵵ߣЦŵɣɣǲҪᵽҴϣ
Ҳ߾ܾҶӾǰͷͣһҴȥһ֮󣬼æ׷ȥСӣ£һܿö
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ҶĻߵ̾˿Ҷߵҵȷȸ½ˣǷ͵ˣ֪ܲһ죬СֻǵԴȱѣЩ˲֮⣬඼ˣڸ֮׬Ǯҡ
Ȼ٣ܹҺڣң̫̰ģȻҲ䵽ˡ
̰ģҶʵô̰ˣ
ص̾˿˵ȥ
ԭǰ֪ȸ½Ĵڣһ侭ȸ½ḻشﲩһˣʮ౶ǮǾͶ˼齨һ֧Сӣǰȸ½
û뵽·;ңԶ˵;д˺ѣߵͬȫ󺣣ֻ߽δ·Ĵֻ£ȸ½
ȻҪؼңΪ͵ȸ½̫ңԶȻû֪Ȼдǰˡ
߾ס˰ᶫ׬ѣͬʱҲϣȴдֻǰ͵ġ
һס꣬첻ˣߵȵһ֧ӣȻǰ͵ģȥĵط͵ѾܽˣֻҪ߾пĴֻȻܻؼңץסᣬҵ˸ղŵǸүԼлˣŵɻű׼ϴ
ߵҶǳͬΣߵҲʮˣӦڼҴű帣ˣȴ磬Ҷزȥ
ò׵˻ؼҵĻᣬǮ֮⣬Ҫá
ɣ֪֪ȸ½ô͵
֪Ǿǵһ·ʱ߼˻Ƶĵͼ˭롭
Ҷɣ֧Ӧеͼ͵ܽɣ
΢΢һȻҶ仰ĿģǵͷӦаɣ
ž
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һĻ˶ɵˣղλү̴ų˹һ߳һﻹڸţϲģϹˣҪϴ㣬ܣģ㶼⡭
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̱ү񶼿ʼɢȻˡ
գգ֮үڻعԼǰһˣǸղʧˤˡ
ҶĿȥǵͷ
㡭
󺺻˵ǿҶ˸ĺ⣬ʱһֶ˵ˣѾ׳ͷһæӵվͷͳŴֻȥ
ҶתѾľߵɣȥǵͷ
߼ε״̬֮±Ҷߵ˴ߣʱͻȻˣ˸Χ
֮Ҳ֮ˣλү֮⣬ˣһӥǰ۵ˣһǳһɽӵߡ
үָҶ᳤ǵĻǰۣһ١
ӥǰ۵˸ҶҲ˵
Ŀ¶ЦҶ߰ΧȥǣҶĺЦ
ӡأص߾ȻҪԸԼǸصʦԼһܽǸ
ʱȻʮֽţⱼȻмȻҶͨˡ
Ҷ̧ͷ˵֧ӵˣֻҪݵͼڼȻôʶôҲı⣬ҪҴ
᳤¶Цߵߵʦˣ
᳤ÿǮƣ֣ⱾǷڵ£ɽӴģһ֣ȻŴµ˵ڿǰʰˣʬֱӵι㣡
İɣʦ
ΧסҶ˴ЦߵҶߣ׼֣ίʵûнҶû취ǿҶһëûСƨ
ҶҡҡͷֻǰһҽѾ˵ԵڵأһͷСǵϿȥҶȴվ˻᳤ߣĿĿ


670 ؼ
վڻ᳤ԱߵǸؾߣֱʱǷӦһҶһ˹ȥȻҶ۶ûпһۣƼΪһֱ֣ӽӵ˴£ͽһ֮һ
ӸղҶһֱǸүҶͶ֧ûʲôӡ󣬲ҲʵúǼƽϣ΢ѵһ£ȻǵͷҪͼˡ
û뵽Щ˾ȻǸصߣ֮ҪɱҶҶŸı⣬ֱӷϵǵΪҴҪһҴ
Ǹ᳤ֻͨˣ˿̿Լ̵ļڣȻҶһ֮УɫѾˣվһֶ˵ԱߵλүѾŵһƨ˵ϡ
Ҷüͷһ壬һҵĻû𣿡
᳤ڻعʶԼһɷˣæڵʦ۲ʶ̩ɽϱһʶҴˣҴˣ
ҶĵҲһʶĻͽҴóλɻؼҡ
ͬҲҶͻȻĳָɵˣ˿ؼҶ֣΢΢һæСĵСʦҪҪֻҪǴҵǵĿĵأҾܻؼˡ
᳤ҲɵӣߵĻ̸ŵʦҲϸҴʵô˶ָЩҺڣһҵĻǾͻ׬ܶ࣬ģҿ϶λƽƽͻؼң
ȻҶ侲һ᳤˵ҲʵԼҪһҴͻҪһݴҴһ㶼;ĸ֮ϷĸԼһҴ;ȲҲܽһ·ǰȷʵкܴĿټԼҲܸŴһߣһԼ뿪֮Щ۸ߵĻ鷳
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᳤һ㶣ʱ׹ˣ˸ʦˣҵȻг⣬ȥã
Ƭ̹򣬾ǧӺͻƺõĵͼ᳤Թ͵Ҷߵǰ
Ȼ־ܾҶǺĽȫ˹ֱͽ˿ռ䳾֮С
ʵҶͲȱǮ޷û᳤ѪҪģתһ룬᳤϶ὫԼʧЩˮִǵ̰Ҳˡ
Ҷŵͼ˻ᣬԼףֻܵݸߵɣƾͼҵ𣿡
߽ӹͼ濴Ҷû£˻᳤᳤㣬֪֪½
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ҡҡͷҲ֪Ӧͨ½ıؾ֮أΪϴθȸ½֧ӣȥ½ģ
Ҷ۾Ȼ̫ˣɣͼûĻھͶؼң
ס˵һؼң
ͼûɣ
û⣬ֻǣʦôߣ
ҶȥȻֱӽ߱ԼıϣȻŴµĺкһһԾҶļ֮ϣҶת֮Ѿʧ֮С
ҶԽͻؼңڼȻߵļͨ½ıؾ֮·Ȼûκεԥ̶
ͷ֮ϣǧȫĿɿڴĿѾտҲգ˸ֱӹڵϣҶʧķ򲻶ϵĿͷ棬ȻǽҶɡ
Ȼ˴һղһӣˣӣԺɾΣˣϽ㰸̨ӣ
ЩںǣΪŷľ׳ү
ֻڳ֮ǰҲҪүܱγз˳ƽƽ
Щ˿ҶȻȥɲİټᣬүǲ񣬵еүĶӣΪӡ
᳤ҲγѣæĳԼǺʲôϽȥ׼õжϺõƣ򣬻ţһ٣ȥ
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671 Ӻ
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ݱĶҶλӡչʱһ°ɮ۵ϢĳԶ˲϶պͺݵľٶüͷ΢΢Ȼʲô
һ֮󣬺һ·ʵʩЩʲô
˵ղӳˣ֮к˵ӣںˣæżӣγܹ˳ƽ
ӣеüͷĸˣСֹѵ³ˣܰҪǰ³ֵĻͱΪƽˣ
Ǻнʵʩӳʲôǲֻڹһ
ס·˶ʱŵһŰһ֮ѹɱ˵үĶӣôܻڹ꣬ǸˣԣһĹӸ磡
·˿ʼĭɣ㵸ĽղҶֺ뿪ʱͼӴ׵˵һ飬Ȼм˲Լ֮ԡ
еϽЦ⣬ȵԷ˵֮л˶ԷȻĵӦþҶˣû뵽ٶô죬һ·׷ȻһȻǱ뿪ģôȻҪͻؼң˵ļأˣ
ȻǰˣںͿ౯ʦ֮󣬾ŶķȻٶȣȷǱҶҪһЩҶл׷ģһ·ŶȾĿģ˳ɱ˼úҶһᡣ
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ڼãȻĿλնվׯϵУвһ𺳣
ոһλӣھȻһλҿλԱҪ˳۵Ķ࣡
Ŀɨ˺󿪿ڵλǸղźӽ̸ģ
ڰǳ˴ȱĿע֮£᳤ΡΡվǣң
㲻ú£ҵĺѣ֪ȥ
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һȻѣ᳤ﻹϽԼ֪Ķ˵˳ܲܰӴ˵һ˵ǲð˴ԭǣԺҲˡ
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Ҫ󣬻᳤ȻҪȫ㣬ֳ˷ݵͼһʮĽ̻˰οֺϵͼ
λ˵ҪȥͼĿĵأҪȥλɵļ͵Ŀĵһ£Ӧ֪͵λá
Цеĵͷлʩˣ
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һ֮ڣȻȺλɣһһһϢܿʹУҶͰû뵽ǣò˶֮ͳһһǹšӡҶ
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ð߲֮Ӧٺ£һе棬ҶҪʼΪҶָ·
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ſҶıϣԼϤļѾߣߵжʱʪȻҶҲǳ˸лҶĶߴţҶС磬һҪȥҼסϼ죡
һµʱҶҲ֪һӣۿžҪ˳׵䣬ڼ̫ƶɲŲϧðոŴһȸ½ҪǮȢϱ
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Ϊ˱ע⣬Ҷѡҹ֮󣬲˸ƫƧĵطȻɵĴ£ļȥ


672 
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ҲգҲգ˵ϵľѾǧʱˣһķ˽ĹģҶΪпܻѣǿȥ
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ת۾Ѿʪ󣺡꣬ϰһ뿪ģȴֻһ˻ˣңûȥǰ
ҶοɵļɣȻȷǼ£ܹ㣬Ҳ̫ˣ
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ǧӣҶ͸߹ǸģԼֻǴΪܣϾܲܿЩӷУǼͬ⣬ҪҶȥ
񼴽صңЩڣʵ̫ΣԲŲò뵽ǱǮ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͷɣ˵ЩǮǸģȫ֧䡣
ҶС磬ллˣллˣ
ҶͶɣһ·֮ϣллҶ䶼Ҫˣ
ǺǣɺЦ
ĲɵԺ˲٣ǴҶǰȥܿ죬ǰһС
𿴷͵ֻһµȴôԵҲһӺʹ䡣
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ѾҹһƬȻӦǶ˯ˣվڵʱȴͣתͷܣףô仯ôǰڵأǿôôûˣ
Ҷվɵ󣬴ӣȴǷһɲԤУû˵
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ⴱɵ¶ظı飬ȻӦþļңҲûзʲô̫ı仯
Ȼ׼ǰŵʱҶȴͻȻǰһץסֱۣҡҡͷɣȵȣ
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˵֮Ҷźʹ˸ɫߵɵߣСС֮ë
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ĿǰҶʶǿƽ״̬֮£ֻҪʶͷųȥ¶ԼĲӹʶоʲôûУȴϵžףŻСģʶߵǿϸĲ鿴ڵΡ
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ʲôԵֿ˻û˭Ը米ңﻹֻһޣܰᵽȥ
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673 Ļ
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ҶвӿһɿɬĲ֪νϢεɡ
ص̾˿Ҷٿʶ˻תɵɣûˣ϶ûˣҿӦǷʲô飬ӵ˶ˡ
Ҷֻֻܾͼڸʵ࣬ϣܹת뿪ϣʵ̫ãˡ
ûˣһ㶵ôûأܣСӦ˯˰ɣҶС磬վſˣǽȥ
˵䣬ѾǰȥţҶȻҪֹʵҲ벻ʵɣԥ֮䣬ɵѾƿ˽յĴš
֨ѽһŵСĴ̶վڴ󿪵ĴǰɣȴϢԵ˵ϡ
ͬʱǷһͺǰĵͻȻһһߵǽ
žžž֮𣬺ڰ֮Уʲôܼҵײǽ֮ϣ׷ɣҶûһѽɵ˳
ȻҶ˫ָոʱü֮ͻȻһ⣬Ŷ˺ˮİ֮Ժ֮ǸɫС˳ǿҵĽ⾹Ȼ͸εĽҶΧ
ڽҫ֮£ҶȻԼָ֮ϾȻһȦһȦϸֻз˿ϸĺɫ壬Դɵ壬Ϻɫֱ࣬顣
Щɫ֣ƺʮη⣬ƴĶŽ⣬ȻȴϷŹǣ֮ɫ̻ҷ
ҶæͷŽĿĴ֮УŸӵ˿״
ҶסˣҲ˸ղԼﴫ׵ԭȻΪЩʶ۾ֻҫ֮²ֳĺɫ壡
ҶľΪӾʣȴûֹĺɫ壬ֻ֪ЩɫԼһ㣬ֻҪ飬̾ͻӰεĲƹȥ
һɫס壬Ȼ֪Բʲô¡
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ҶĶͷ֮ð亹ʶ˲佫ɵȫǣһ֮ҲŲϵ䣬ֱ˹ȵס
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ɵɲ֮侹ȻѾĳͷβǵֹͣڵѪҺƺѾסˣֹͣû˿Ϣ
ѵ˵ЩɫȻ֮ڲסͬʱܶȥԷ
ܣ
Ҷæӻͳ˺üֲͬĵҩɵĿȥ
˿Ҷ˻ںޣԼѾ˲õԤУ˾ףȻȥƿţˣǵھǱԼġ
ЩƷƷļȵҩԶͬ൤ҩ֮ҩЧõģܱҶǿɵĿУȻʱȴʧȥá
ȻǸղǸӡ
Ҷһƨ˵ϣ֮ǰովƵǸʱͷģκԼѺΣ֮Уǽ죬ԼȻһĿλˣԼǰȥ
ʹģڣŭ
ָҶڿʼ˾ϣģҶ˫ۿʼͨ죬ϵĽ⿪ʼɢȥһǿ󵽿ֲɱ˳
ɱ֮ǿǺǵжð˺⣬岻ԾĻָ˱࣬ĳëǸ𣬱ܵĿʼͷųǿԿҶɱͬʱҲǿסĵη壬ҶҶѣ
ǵɹҶתͷ˫ѾѪ⣬һ˿¶ȵ۾֪ԼǰĸԼϤǸҶ
ϸ˵ӵҶǸȫİļһǵҲģȻǲ֪⵽ô£Բκ˺Ҷ̲סͷһǺƺҶ
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ȻȺǵ£ҶͻȻһȫɺɫ۶ɵıţû˿ԥĴ˺ǣ


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Ҷ۶ɵѪɫ˺ǣ磬ּݣ˿أȻһҪǴ
ںڲҶı仯֮׼ȻһʮͻأͿݣǼ䲻ݷ֮ʣӴӯһ˿
ԼһУҶȻ׷ᣬѪɫźǴ˹ȥ
ǵʵѾҶҸؼҶԲһеɱȴͬ޼ɵȥһȻֻܿٶһʱ֮Ǳ˼㣬Ƭ֮ǺɫĳëѾնء
ĺǿвϷ˻޵ݶ֨죬ȻҶȴǸһԾҵĹźǡ
ΨһúǸеҵǣ˿̵Ҷûʩչ࣬ȻĻԼҲѾɥȪˡ
ȥҲǰ취ҶԽսԽ£ٶԽԽ죬ԼȴԽԽǱ϶Ѿ˼˿ڣټȥò˶ùԼͻҶˡ
ǵгһâֻԿԼѧսˣϣðɣ
ΪǻʵĺǸ߰ģȻҶ൱ֵһĹϵҲ޷ҶʵϴӲԼ𽥳ԽԼһҪԼԽԽԶƣҲڰŬҶҪ̿࣬ϵԼʵ
Ѿվ˱Ʒ޵ߴֻһͿԽΪƷޣǸʱ򣬲ʵдȵζ൱ĸı䡣

ǵĺóһһ·Բ׵ĴؾȻҲһ㣬ʼһһ
һ߲ϵĶҶĹһ߲ϵΧҶߣƺڻ
صԽԽ죬ԽԽ󣬷·ˮһεĸо
ͻȻſͣ͵³һŨ֮󣬿ٵתһһܵĿȻһ磡
˿ҶѵĻͻϲķ֣ԭֻӵ֮ĺǣȻ˷Ե
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ʱ˿̣İΧ֮£ҶƶٶʼòԿ
˷֮⣬֮лҲڷתţҲԾ˵ٶҶ֮ײȥ
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ÿһƲۣڷĹĶ֮£һȭͷһҶǿ壬ҲĿŭ
ҪܣǷԲ֮ȫ縲ǣҲǵأǶ޿ɶ㡣
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ؿʼ濪ʼģһͬӽ׵ȻӲ˴أĸ˿УֱͬһСɽһ㡣
ǻʵɽ𣬼Ȳ˷ĳҲ۶ɣ˿ĸоһɺسȵѹͷŶ
ɽߣֱԽĸ߶ȣȻƣϷ
һзһֵԡ
ĺɽӿкȻ£Ų赲֮ȻֱǷת磬صĳҶ֮ѹȥ
Ҷ֮Ѿΰסһһ嶼޷ƺֻĿɽѹԼϡ
ҲôΪģȻҶ˫Ѫɫ۾ʱȴǲɵһΪ˫۾֮ûη壬ûи飬еȻǷɱбİ
䣡
ҶͻȻһѪɫĲɣͦαֱͬһϵıһɿֱɽ
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ֱӲɽ֮УԴݿ֮ƣ׵Ĵɽжֳ롣
ͬʱҶǰŵҲǶȻըŮɢһ
ɢɽըǵйһȫУȻҶеǱ۶ɵѪɫȴͬһǰ
İȴϤҶǵ¶˿ɬԼȻҶϣԼһЦҲãҶϣܱ˵ҪõĶࡣ
ǵƽ¶һ˿΢ЦȻԼͬ壬ȴֵܵ࣬ûκεź


675 û
ƽ޺ҶûɵĲһ£һҲ֮һԭӦôкüĵĽ⣬̧˼֣źǵͷƤֻն˼سë
һ̿գҶֶȻͣ˿Уҿʼ˾ҵĲеѪɫ΢ȥ
ѲĺҲʶȻռĲҶҶҲûʧȻԼ֮УȻĻһܴᣬʱ˿̣Ҷںĳֶ塣
ſͣٴοԣҶѣڲ㣡
ϣܹҶȻҶֱȴǽסˣ˫֮иոȥѪɫһεĸ˳һ񣬽ٴָ˺ǡ
ǵ̲ס̾˿ҶȻûܶԼ壬û취ֻܽŴˣ
ȻʱкȻһĳХһɫӰͬһ׹һӿֱ䵽Ҷͺǵߡ
ͻȻֵӰȻе㾪ȣȴ˿ȻˣôҶʱ޷ѣҲи˺Լֵֵֻܻܰʹˡ
ȻʥӰ
Ǹ᳤ĵͼѭ·ߣһ·׷ҶȥͼĿĵزǷ͵˸Ȧĵ죬Ȼʵͨ͵·ߣҹ˹
ȻٶȱҶҪһ㣬Ҷɣ·ϻҪϢ˲ܼǰŵ
ղǧ֮ʱԼ˺һĺУԼǿҵΪ֮һΪǺҶǿУƴĸ˹
ȻǰľȴȫסҶýָźǣóϲõԼ⵽ôˣ
Ҷͺ֮Ĺϵ֪ĺţҶýָԼҲý׼ǡ
ոðͷҶеĽѾת˹׼
ǵ϶ʱ¶ֻЦݣҲҶɣ
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䣬ҶѾֱһѪɫĽ׿⣬Ľðֻϵļⶼʹ
ǵҶ֪ôˣʧǣղѾҴ˰ˣҿˣСĵ㣬ڿ˭Ҳʶ־Բġ
üëһҶһſпʼдʣǾͿһӲӵķŴĿзɳҶȥ
ģеԽԽ죬³ĽɫҲԽԽֱ࣬ڿ۳һɫ

Űһָɫͬһһ㣬Ҷϡ
ҶݺԽǽɫԽ޷
һĻʮֵĲԼҶ˰죬㶼Ľ£ȻֻƬʱͽҶסˡ
飡
ҶԵ˵ϣѪ˫ȻĵŰ֮лͬҰް֮
ֹͣУߵҶߣҶ۾֮ͻȻһͣ
һ𣬼ֱһ㣬Ұ⧲֮£Ӵ嶼̲סһҡΡ
Ҷ˫۶Ȼֱ˿ʼ˾ҵĲȻһӰܴ󣬶ţԼʳָҶü֮мʼǸľġ
һĴУҶ徹Ȼİƺı۾
ʱ򣬰ǳһתͷܣ˵ŵ²ʡɣæһȥϸĲ鿴
ҲſŰСУҶôˣôסģʲôʱѹ
Ҷ֮⣬ǵиݲκ࣬ʥӣŻ˳ƺ
ҲҲо걻ȡˣԷԽסȻͼ꣬ûЧֻܿԼˣˣʩλ˭Ҷôúõıһˣǵʲô£
ǺͰ˵ﶼǳ̫ɻʳⶼһġ
ǸͷļҶؼңӣѾķϣͬһȻ治֪ʲôһֺɫͬ˿һ壬ֵ۾ʶղҪҶü֮ͻȻɢһ⣬ǻ
ˣͷŵʱӦͻȻЩסȻˣҶҪȴȲһͿʼˡ
üͷλʩûʵҶĸһģһҶûп


676 ʦ
ɵͻȻأҶһʱ֮ȫ˷ִ磬ټ϶Ĺ۲죬ҲȲϰλʥӣû뵽ʵڵͺתֵоȳĸһģһ
ȥѾһʵȴûֻе걻ӡض޷֪ԲŻ
侲Ȼһ۾ܿ˳
ʱĽʵʵҶͻȻһƺߣƤһ֮۾
ͺǶԴŵעҶǿҶ峺˫֮ĲԼͬĶ˿ȻҶѾˡ
Ҷ֮дЩã۰֮󣬽ĿͶ˺ǣãһȡȻſ͵֣Բ𣡡
ȻҶǵԼʧ֮飬仰ĺǣͲֿٷϻͷҲҧһڡ
ǵȻЩ飬˵ղŹԼĲҶҶҪԼĻԼҲаԥ
ҶŽĿƵ˰ϣ˶ôˣܲȽҽ⿪
Űһ֣ɫը˿⣬ɢ˿֮С
Ҷ𣬻һ֮󣬿Աŵɣ̾˿ɣԲûܱ㣬ѡ
ȵȣҶ֣æҶĻλʩûֻǺ㸸һ걻ĳǷӡһɣ
ʲô
ҶľʱΪ֮һһӾͱȷ𣿡
ͷȻȷˣղʩ˵ʲôɫ壬ʲô
ûϢҶԾ࣬԰ʣҲش𣬶תȥӡ
ӵĴȻľһŴͣʱ̵ȴɽ뵽еκһ
ų𣿡
ҶĿǰ޷֮ȻҲ޷ų⣬ǰü̳֮һɫĹ㡣
Ѹٱ󣬸ȫɢһ͵Ľкͬһɫ̶ˮһ㣬˶Ĵš
֮䣬һǶĿںڣɫķ˿ϸ֣ݺύ¸ȫ⡣
˹ҶͷƤ΢΢飬ѹԼףԭﾹȻĻ
㿴ֺɫ弫Ϊ֣۾ʶֻĽֳܹղɽ˫ֽƿ̾ͻ˹ȥȻûпǿԲ²ĳЩɫӦֻҪͻͬƹ֮һ㣬˲ӡסꡣ
ǵͷȷղҲǸܵ˲ԾԼæһǽס壬ֲֺ̫ˣֱ˷ʤܹʩչĻǺ
ȻǵĻû˵꣬ҶͰ֪Ҫ˵ʲôֺɫ壬ֻķֿܹκ͵ǰ֮ûС
Щɫ壬ҶñӦòͷţͬеֶҩһҪܵĳЩƣܹһģ֮⣬벻ˣ
ս֮ʱеɫζ涾ĵĴֱʣĿҪʹǰ磬䵱Ӱµʳ
ټҶĸҲʮ֮һתֵУͬ걻ӡҶŻ˵ⷬ
ֺ֪ɫʲô𣿡
Ҷ֮󣬵˰쾹ȻûĻش𣬲תȥȴִ˿̰üͷ壬ƺڿ˼ʲô
Ҷһ߾򽻵ģֺɫҲֻܹ˵귢Ҳֺ֪ɫ嵽ʲô
ҶͺǾվһԣĵĵȴš
һʱ֮󣬰صĻڵӦѵ˵ϻʦĴڣ
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ȻҶ֪ʵ˼Ƕڰ⣬ȴܹش𣺡˵Ҳĳְҵ߹սѾʧǶڴѾ֪ľ˵Ͳˣ
ԣͷʦʵͬҩʦʦһǴںܾǰһߣеķڲͬͨͨ
ҶͺǶ鲻Խĵ˿
ձ˵еķʵ̫ˡ
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677 ʦ
ԭҶֻ˳·ɻؼңͬʱҲǱû뵽ﾹȻ˾ѾõʦҺܿʧѾõΪ
Դڵ磬ɮǽºĳ߲֮ľȫ伣뿪һûκϢҶԿڵģǻˡ
ȻƧķ͵ϣľȻֳˣⲻҶͬʱ뵽ĹҪʲôıˡ
Ȼڽ޼֮УҶ֪ĿľΪӰ£ίʵţ˽ôһӴ֯ͽֻΪһֻ£ǿ϶ӦĿġ
ɳʦõֻ֤ǾҪʲôĿǰǸδ֪
ҶŰûа취ܹɣֻǸոձЩסʱ䲢
ͷԿ
˵֮󣬰ߵɵ£˫۱ϣü֮кܿһ㣬ɢһ͵Ľ⣬ɵȫĸ
ȻܹΣôû׼ܹͬӰ죬ûаգֻԿ
ɣ˴һٷʱ֮ҶĶͻȻһͬСˮԴɡ
ҶһæŴʶ϶ʱ¶˷֮ɫΪѪҺ
ȻѪҺܹô˵ϣ
ȻƬʱȥѾֹͣ࣬죬ֱ
˫ۣĻ˹
ɣˣ̫ˣ
ҶͣĴ궯ƣ˷ܵе޴롣
ջԼü֮Ľ⣬ҲɫãȻԼԴôˣͷըһ۵
Ϊ˱ɵģҶƭûʲôղֻǻ˹ȥ̫ˡ
ɽŽɵĵͷע⵽˰Ĵڣһ֮ͻȻ¶˿־֮ɫȻһµĴӵվŰϹҾݼʦݼʦ
ɶڰ˹̬ȣϴַĵĿ־壬ĳƺҶԼ뵽ʲôüͷһɣҵѰոմȸ½ΪʲôƺΪʦ
Ȼ˶ڷ߼̬ȣǳƺҲΪʦʦֳƺҶǵһ˵
㶣ɻĵȸ½ѵϵʦ𣿡
񵺣ҶҡҡͷԲʲô񵺵ʦҵĺѣɣô£
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Ҷ׷ʵɣҿʦ
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ɵĻҶͰһۣ˻ѾˣЩνʦʵһȺУʦ
ϵĴȱѾȻ޴棬ȡ֮ķŭɱȻЩڵİ࣬Ѿɱ
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ʲôʯͷȻЩӦúйϵʦԣ
ҶüͷƬ̣Ȼһһ龧ʯɣǲʯͷ
һͷԶԶԣʯͷȻûʲôãһÿܹʯͷڼˣʯͷƷһᣬ˾ͻر¼켸ҹ˯ۡ
龧ʯмΪҹܹ⣬ͼ龧ʯж̺һ֮й¶֮£Ȼ;棡
ҶʹɵĿе֪͵ϲûߣԣȻֶ֪˵ûʲôõʯͷȴÿһ߶ĺö
ֻǣûߵķ͵ô龧ʯأɻ˼ӦûʮֵĶ࣡
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678 Ưʯ
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Ȼȴ϶ĵÿʮǳʱǺ̲֮ϾͻƯһЩʯͷܶ࣬Сһ
ж೤ʱˣ
ʮ˰ɣ
ʮʱ䣬ÿһλд龧ʯ˳ųˮ嵽͵ϣһֻϰٿ飬ҲѾǧ龧ʯˣȻʵԶԶֹ
ô龧ʯأ
ҶͰ鶼е˲˼飬뻥̽һµʱɺȻѽ˵λͽȥˣȻª˵㣬ôҲҵļҡ
ɸ֪ղŵʱϮĲ飬ڿԼҷŴ󿪣ϽĵҶͰȥ
ɵĻҶʵ龧ʯȻ֣ǺԼûʲôϵԼҲȱ龧ʯҲʵûжľȥЩˣԻȿһ¸νЩʦԼ֮ɶӵ°ɣ
ɣȵȣҶסɵҵĻȱȥҺͰ˽ȥ֮ٽ
ѾҶڶˣٳٶҲ֪Լ϶йŹ֣ҶǼģеĵλ˿ЩʦҪͣ΢΢ԥ֮͵˵ͷ˵һߣҴûѯԭ
Ҷ鷳㡣
ȻҶҪԼЩҲƴǣߵǰüĽ֣ʼŽȥ
Ϊڵ࣬ҶͰĸЩʶһ㣬ڰ⣬Ȼæƴ
ȫĿǣâ̼֮ự̃ҷ
Ƭʱ䣬ڵѾȫʧҶŰͷ˱ͬʱ˽ȥһ˵ſڡ
֮⣬ͻָСģſڵϣɿŻɢŽ⣬ׯͬ·İѾŵĿɿڴ
֮Ҳ±˸ɾߵ˴ߡ
˿̽ۿͬһˣҶӿȷɵĶˡ
ҶѹӦɵĶӣ㿴ûоȡ
ȻղųɹľɣӵȴͬΪ֪ѾˣҾ϶ѻĻҳѲ²Ӧһʱˡ
Ҳ֪Կɣ
ٴԼסˣʱ֮ջ˽⣬ҡҡͷУסʱ̫ˣǲӡѾˡ
壡ǻûоȻĿˣ
ҶʵڲܵκεĴˡ
üͷ˼һ˵ûֻ̫ʱ䣬ѻģҶʦ֪̫٣ֻҵЩʦǣϣ
Ҷиֳһɷǧ֮ѣﱣɣȥһ˰ɣ
ҪȥҲӦȥ㶼û⣬Ҫ֮Ҳܲȥ˾ͻزˣңЩʦǷڵˣΪʥӣЩ࣡
ҶһҲǣԼȻղҲͷų⣬ķӦԼģȷʵûаܹĺһɸӳ֣վú±ɣԷһǰ񵺣Щʦˣ
߳ӣӭȥҶ֪ڱҪ˽һЩʵȻĻҪӵġ
ɣʵûʲô£ҹЩʦϻԵˣֻϵ˶ͬ˵Ѿûʯͷʦʦһŭ֮£ϵ˶˻ԣȻҲˡ
Ҷ뵽õˣ֮Ȼ¶ֺ͵֮ɫǹȻû̫ҵķӦȻܹܵġ
ôǵʯͷӦûˣʦôҪˣʲô
żɣҺͰ̾ȥһ񵺣Щʦۣǻ˶ѵġ
⣬⡭ָмĵС磬ұҼ͵ģû뵽ȴҪΪӵ˱Ķ飬һţ𣡡
ɣʲô鲻ģԺǧ˵ЩˣҲǾ֮ͶѣˣҲȥĶӰɣͶˣ
˵֮Ҷźʹ˸ɫȻĲԸ⣬ȴҲֻεſ˴Ŵ䵱˿ŹĽɫ
񵺵Ĵ·λ֮ҶͰٳɣֱڿն񵺵ķȥ
еǷҶԤУϵ֣ӦÿԼˣ


679 һɱһ
ǧԶľͨ˵ǺԶһ·ˣǶҶͰ˵գۼѾԶԶͣڻĵ
񵺲ϱȷ͵ҪСĶ࣬ϸǶ֮ϷۿȥȫʽĹʯһ˿ɫ
һСڼ޾ĺ֮ʵ̫ۣʺͨ˾סߣҲܻѡΪ֮ء
شȴһȦɹʯɵʯݣΪ̫ԶҶĿҲ޷ٿĸ
ʶȫɲó񵺵ܳһνƣһ͸϶µĽ񵺸סˡ
ԽأȻ˵ԽŹŹ֡
ҶʵǰʦǲҲǷڵĵӣ
ԥһµļ֮вûйʦ̫ϸд²ӦǵģϾʦʵҲ֮ںܶط֮ͬܵ¼¼ˣȥʦͷڵĹϵΪڱ档
ڵӼܵߵ𾴣ʦȴǳҪ֪ʦͷйϵǾͻ󽵵ͷĿеĵλˡ
ᵽ⣬ΪʥӵİԵеΣæ˻ʦȻΪʲôǻԷ͵ϵЩ֣ͨ
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һߣȻûٳ֣ͬհŭĿȴȻݺݵĵС
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Ȼµͷ͵ȫһЩʦǵİ㣬µȷ͵Ҫǿ㣬ٻмߣ쾸˵ʵ̫ܵΣˡ
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ҶƵĺУͬŵХ֮ʱ˷ܣΪ˾ǣȻڿҶͰˣȻ˿һµԸЩˣһ׵ľȻȥ׷λʹߣ˵ǸûнЩ˷
ʱе񶼰ȥȻһҶĬĬԼͬźͳܹɱĺС
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ͬʱзǰҶߵľͷҲԿɮӰ
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ȻȵŹâʱеǵϲȴǵȻ޴棬Ϊ꣬һɫ龧ʯ
ҶһУ龧ʯУʶ鿴һ£Ʒ׻ͣƷϣ
龧ʯҶ˵Ļÿʮǳʱ򣬺̲֮϶ƮһЩɫ͸ʯͷ
ڲǰʮ壬ʮ廹дʱ䣬ô龧ʯأ
ѵ˵ں·һ龧ʯ
龧ʯרŵĿأֻʮϡ٣ѷ֣ں·һ龧ʯĻһϢȥȿֺӿƬ
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ҶȻ˲Щ̵ֿ龧ʯ·Ǳȥ
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˵Ҳ֣꾹ȻҶĻһâ˸£Ҷֽŵﰵ̫࣬סǽȥ˽ǵģ߰ɣ
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ʱҶһȻ֣ɫĺ󷽴ŰԶĵطȻһĶѨԼܵǹ΢Ȼڡ
Ȼǿ֮޷뿪ҲΪѨе
ѵѨӱˮĲ֮
Ҷһ˼һ߼ӿٶǸƶȥžǸѨԽԽԸоԽԽ󣬵ȵԱߵʱΧĺˮѾΪӴɰС
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ĺӴͻȻ֣Ҷⲻ֮£屻ڶķ˲ƳʮףҪʱȴȻ֣ȻҲٴμӴ
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ҶѾԿ϶ӱˮΪʵֲ̫ˣԼصʵȻ޷⣬ҲֻʥǿĴڲ㣡
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ҶھͬΧĺˮһķеһ̺ޱͷ˳ȥƴ
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ҶǿսǸ˳ȥԼΪʱĿȱ޷ǹǿһᣬʱųǸͬһŵĺڰѨ
ž޽ڴԼ߾ͷʧҶ¶οЦݣ

ע·Ǹˮ̶ЩŰʦǣǵͷҲܸܵ絶Ŀ⣬֮ϵ亹ѳһһ㡣
Ƭ֮λ߼ʦ˷ܵĴһˣˣ
Ż£ˮ̶֮пʼɫĹ㣬ʦȫվʼҡе塣
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686 
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ݺԱôĶȻҲܵˣ֪ԼʦΪԼܹϧҶͬھûͷȥֻ֪ͷ񱼡
ֺҧгݵĵҶһҪɱ㣬ɱȫңɱийϵˣǶȥΪҵʦᣡ
ֺĳݶݺȴǴСһ𳤴ģͬ㣬˵ӵˣôݺĪ
ڣݺп϶ѾˣֺжҶǺ֮ǣϧһд۶ҪΪԼʦܱ
ֺ侲ıҲȥüͷ԰Ҷôúõ֪ܵﰡǳģΪʲôԶĴȸ½Ϲأ
ˣֺжȻ뵽ǰĹҶĴţ˵Ů˱޼ڵ˸ˣһȥ޼ھŮˣ϶սͻȻ뺣ҲӦΪǵŮ
̫ˣҶҶھȥŮ˾ȳúչԶںںʹ֮У
ЦУֺдǻĳޣ½ķȥ

һߵλ߼ʦĵֵΪʲôûл
߼ʦֻú󲱾һķ̲ס˸ϾҪˣһӦãӦҲˣ
˵䣬ˮ֮ºȻɫ㣬ʦ϶ʱ¶ϲɫˣ

һҡɫֱͶ뵽֮С
߼ʦĵĲ˲ͷϵ亹˰ĵֵأ
ڸڵķУ˰
ʦæһСܵĳ˳ȥһĹͰͬһˣս򸾺ͺ
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Ҿով֮壬ȻҲʮܶԿǰôʦ
ˣֻҶһҪ

ŶڴĸԼ޷ܵľ޴Ҷգ۾Ѿ˾붴Ѩ֮ңλãĲֻ壬ԺǸɫСʼ˻
ͬʱҶоԼü֮ʹʲôҪȥһ㡣
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Ȼһӵֱ֮ӳҶԺɫСʱ紫ࡣ
Ҷ֪Ѫ֮ǿʹʯ
ΪʹʯԼԽɫС̬˳ڹʯȻ꣬Ҷ΢˶ֻǲ֪ʹʯжǿܷ񿹺ӱˮ
ղͷսҶڵֶݵĿȱŻᱻͻȻӴ˹Ѿ³ӯȻҪŬѳ붴ѨӱˮԶԶģ
ϧǣȫҲ޷ˮȻԼٶŶѨȥ
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ڣҶֻоǰһڣѾȫı˶Ѩ֮Уͬʱոյõü֮ٴδһȻźͱˮľԽҲ޷ֵˮ
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687 ֮
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ңɫСڶâİ֮£ȻʼۣΪһӤ״
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ҶȻԼǿգ񷣬λеǸɫӤȻûгĿҶ֪ǾԼ˵ǾԼճʱ״̬
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һΣԱκһѨλеԶҪĶ࣬ȻڰٻѨλʱǼΪãҳ˷ܣҶһ˿˿εζ
ͣˣҶȴ֪˿϶лҪ˵ΪԼ˵Լͨ˺ʶйصѨλ֮ԼһЩΪѵõܣ
ȻҶ֪ܹ֪ԼʶйصѨλѾȫͨţһԼİ취
ҶĵȴţȻƬ֮ħٴ𣺡ԼģʮֵĸˣҲͲˣʵ㣬ٻȻ֮֮ǿȴӡѨϢϢأ
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ڰĿУҶѾ֪ӡѨżĹϵֻڳԴͨĹ̵Уȴ̽Ѩ޷ɣԲòʱȻھȻ˶ԵӡѨҪԡ
ٻ֮أӡû֮ţĥȥɣ
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Ҷ˼ʱܵĿռˮһ㲨ҲٴǸڽķ֮С
ǰľ֤ҶĲ²ȷģԼͨÿѨλ޽ɵһݡ
ʱ˿̣ȻһƬӵݶƾճϷ˼һƬ
ٻȻеһн֮ߴô֮ͨȻͻγһݵߴݶ
ʲôʱӲȫ޽أ
ҶʮڴȴҲ֪һ컹ңԶȴǳģԼ϶ܹһĵ
Ҷ׼뿪»صǸѨ֮еʱħȻٴε
ѾͨʶѨλôҾҵĳŵһЩйѪйҵܣ


688 
ԭҶΪѾ˶ԼĳŵȻû뵽ȻļǵãҲҪԼһЩܡ
ʱ˿̣ҶֻԼȫѪҺƺæ˵ϣ˶䣬š
˵Щ֮ǰұһȻѾͨʶѨλӵеʵӦôﵽ˳ʵҵУ϶㲻ϣԣҲ˵̫ࡣ
ɱ˱ԼҶҲеǼȻǳħ֮ҶһƢûС
־ط־ģЩ֪˵֮أǼ֮е֮أʵϣǺǣѪԭǲڵģǾ˺ÿһ޽һܹʮĿģǹѺһЩķˡ
Ц֮Դһ˿ͳŪ
ȻʵѾҶ뵽ģǴĿеõ֤ʵȻĪ𾪣Ǿ쾹ȻϴѪʮ
ڴѪĿģԴżͳŪЦ֮в˵ʵǷ
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ԵļɼʱеķŭͲʡ
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Լ꣬ǵĻΪܽ죿
Ҷһ벻ͨʵȸ½֮ϣĴڶֻǸ˵֪˶ûм֪ҲûţʲôҪǰأ
Ļ˴𰸣Ҳû˵죬ôҾٸһܣʵڵͲ磬֮ȫ󣡡
仰ҶȻˣʵкܶ粻Ǻ֮ܶеһͬѪеķˣĿǰԼֻԼ֪˶ͬ硣
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ҶٴһȻĿԼ֡磡
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ҶһӾʹӵϱ
ֱԼĶ䣬ħ콫ѪͳȥĿģȻΪ˾
ҶĿ֮Уħ첻Ǹ߸ϣҼ޵еĴڣ¾˶Ķ֣ȻĻ첻뾡һа취ѰѪˡ
ûǲĿеĸߴСˣЦļΪʹ죺ӣԶסһ仰ˣ죬ҳԼȷǿǿΪԼԴѪͽԿ죬Ҳ֪ҴˣǴشΪ֪ھʲôط
Ҷ۾Ѿȫ޷ĻˣȻԼںδ֪ǼԼָõȥأ
֮⻹źܶ磬Լ֮꣬Ҳܹ̤е磬ֱȴ뻹Ҫ򱶰
ȻҲ֪ںδѪĵʮ֮µһѪֻҪܽʮʸңҵҵǵѪҵңȻҲԲңҲ㣬Ϊĵطһɸûκܹȥ
֪𣿺ӣҿ˺ܶʬ壬˵ģģЩʬеκһǾԵǿߣǹȥĽͳݵˣÿ統վߴģȻǾȻطǾȻû뿪
Ҳеյ㣬Щվ۷֮ϵ˵Ĺޡ
ڲ𣬶ҶȴпհһƬ
֪˶֮һҵıը𣬰һɷ·ʹ˹
۾ͬʱѾصǸڵĶѨ֮Уͷ֮ϣȻƯʮѪ


689 ʮ
ʮѪҲʮѪΣβһԲΡ
ŷ֣
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Ƭ֮ǰҶΪ绹ֻǳأѪʵ۳ʵ壬ȻȻֱؾ磬ﵽ˳վ硣
ŷ֣ǳֳŸټϳı壬ܹʮ
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ҲԻһʱһصأôӶصٻỨϱһҪʱ䡣
ҶھȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹӳ˾أֱӵľ磬ʵû뵽ġ
мԭҶܹ²ĳ֮Ի֣˰ٻѨĴͨԼ֮⣬ԼڵǼ챦Ϸĺ
Ѫʹʯ۾κһֶģǵ̺ǿ޷Щ۵һ𣬲ֱӴ뵽Ҷ֮УȻҶľ緢ʵı仯һԾ硣
Ҷϲ𾪻ûȥȻһƵĺ𣬱ղڶѨʱĺҪࡣ
ҶԼڵĴӱˮĶѨ֮УˮԼ꣬ҪɱԼҲʲô£
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ʶʶ֮󣬹Ȼÿһʶõ˴ȵߡ
ʱҶǿԼĵطȻڶѨ֮УǶѨȴǺܴϰҲӵ
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Ҷ͵һԼѾˮĺˣǵȴûпıˮ
ǹ˵ļٰʽһֻǿզզŻˡ
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Щ׼֮Ҷӣӭڷĺˮ֮УŶѨȥ
һߣҶһҲԼʶǰ鿴ʶû˿ôҲеȻǴĳǿĽƣʶʩչû׼ֽƾΪסӱˮġ
ž룬ܴˮѹҲԽԽҶִԼֻص˷ϿǵǸ硣
ҶļǵʱԼһʩչµʱӴѹĩڣ⺣ǧ׶ĵطˮѹҲͬǾ˵Ĵ󣬿¾óĸǰҲᱻѹѹ÷ǡ
ҶҪܲסˮѹʱĵúѨλ֮Уˮ֮ææµµĲϽʱͻˮѹƺΧĺˮΪһ塣
Ҷӿ˽Ų˹ս֮ǰֳһ޴ĿտشƬľͷһתǡ
Ҷ߹˾Ÿת֮ͣ¶𾪵顣
Ϊ˿ǰԶȻһѶѵĶԫбڣӦĳЩַΪڶࡣ
ѵǰ
ȻԺʵΪǿںеĸҲΪڶ࣬ǻû˵ں֮ǧ׶ĵط
֮еҲȷʵǿޣǳ֮⣬ȥ޽Լס˵ôĺˣ
Ҷվԭ˼˰죬Ҳ벻ȻֻȽһߣǰߡ
һҶڼѾȷˮ޷жҲ£˳ķ˹ȥ
Ƭ֮һͭͭŵȻҶǰ


690 ӱˮ
ͭŵȻ⼣߰ߣȴʧֺ׳ޱȣѿڵʱѾ൱ľԶˡ
Ҷʵ޷󣬼Щԫб֮ﾹȻһͭŵӱˮڹŵ֮С
ȻҶ뷨ǶԵģˮǱŵ֮У޷
Ҷȫעʼеŵ֮ϣ̧ͷϸ
ȻҶ۽ǵ֮пǰˮ֮УһƯţ͵һΪˮˣæȥ
ȻƯĶǱˮȴҲҶ΢΢һ
ǺȻһʬ壡
ӦǼʮʬ壬Χͭŵܣˮϵζţ˵ĸоػŹŵʿһ
ǧ׶ĺףһͭĹŵƯŵļʮʬ壬һ쳡Ҷе㲻ĸо
Ȼ׳ŵߵ˹ŵԱߣЩʬ忴˹ȥ
Щʬ岻֪Ѿ˶õʱ䣬ֵǣϴŵ·¶壬Ȼ˿ûܵˮʴ
ֻеʬ嶼Ǳ£޷ǵòҶĺѾ޷ƣԽһҧֵһһӵ״סеһʬ壬Լߡ
ҪЩʬıĿ
ʬ׵ľͱҶ˳ȻʬոԭƯķΧ֮·Ȼ̾Ϳʼһ˲Ϣ֮ͱһѰɫķĩˮһ壬ɢ
ҶסˣȻ׹ЩʬȻŵʿǹŵ֮ӦôĳصܹסЩʬ壬ųһţĳضĹ켣ϵΧŹŵת
ֻҪǵķΧ֮Уʬ·ͲḯãһΧʧЩ˾Ѿܾõʬ壬̾ͻҷ
ΪҶеĺٴҲٳһʬˣҲĹŵڵصὫԼסԼҲȺʬеһԱܶʼ޾ΧŵתȦ
վԶԶģҶٴϸĿ˿ЩʬĴŴ磬ʮֵİԼȸ½ûмַΡ
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Ҷ£һ˱ɳƵ𣺡࣬ôô̵ʱڱôǿˣ
ͻȻٴҶŵòתߣֻӰ¾ͻԣôͬΪӵıˮ˵˻Ҳʲôֵˡ
ˮ˵ȴһӱˮȻϲ갡ĸоʮԼ涼ûмȻܸоԼǿˡ
ȻҶڱˮȷʵһη壬ŶԷһǧѷĿԺӶԻĻᣬȻ׷ŹǴŵӵӱˮ𣿡
𣺡㻹֪ҵĴҾӱˮ֪ҵֵķϣ࣬ҸᣬҲΪ΢츮ĻôжԶԶȻ֪ôģ
΢츮
ȻӦþǰͭŵ֣ǰʮ㣡
ȻҶǹªŵǴû˵ʲô΢츮ģЩƯʬ壬ܹ뵽ЩӦþΪޱ츮ġ
ҲΪ΢츮Ϊ˾ѵȻط
꣡ˮƺ촽ŵǰôһųİɣ㻹˵Ϊ΢츮ߣĻǵҪ꽫ȥҲ̫СˣѵΪһô𣡡
ȻˮҶҶһתûżͣ˳űˮĻȥţΪ˼Լã
ȻΪʥӣҪöûУһͷײˣˣ࣬㾹ȻƭңҪɱ㣡
űˮĻ£ΧĺˮͻȻһҷˮݿӿҶĸоһǿ˲佫ԼΧԼ΢츮ȥ
һ̣Ҷ඼ҪˣԼС˱ˮȻȷ޷ǾƾͷųҪɱԼǺɵ顣
ǣˮƣ˵ͷԼȫûз
ۿԼȺʬԽԽ鼱֮£Ҷ˫鱧Բһ޴ˮǰ֣߾ȫ΢츮˳ȥ
ս


691 ΢츮
սֲҶ˵ģǳӱˮ֮ڣ
ӱˮԳ˷ֵ֣ܵĳ֣Ҷǹǿʱʧ٣ҶǰҲͣʱȺƯʬֻв֮ң
Ҷһæȥһֱ˵˰֮΢һűˮôʶս
ϧˮͲҶ⣬Լ״ĴЦһЪ˹ĿЦһ߻սսڵˣҪԼˣ
Ҷǧٸͷ²űˮⷬ˼뵽Լ
ڵȴܹýϵʥϵˮҲڵһʹսˣѵˮʵ΢츮֮УԼ˵ãʵҲǱ棿
ô˵Ҷ֪ԼʱȫˣˮǲٶԼˡ
ˮЦ˰ӵʱ䣬ֹסЦڵȻϲã࣬սǿ΢츮
Ҷ΢΢һЦˮҲ̫ûҷˣʲô˵ʩչսȥ΢츮ôõ飿
ҶżˣΪȨѾϣûϻش𣬶˸ƽ̹ĵطϾ˸ſʵΪʲô
ˮе㱩ĵɵӣΪʲôĺ£΢츮Ĵֻսܹ򿪣򿪴ŵ˾ͻΪ΢츮ˣ࣬㲻᲻֪΢츮ɣ
˵ˣһ治֪΢츮
Ȼͭŵȥư磬ޱȻֺ룬ҶȻû˵ȻҲΪˣʮֻɱˮû˵ʵԼ΢츮ŵĿģΪԼų
ҶĵűˮĻشȻˮȴͻȻûѾʧһһĬҶɾͿʼżˣۿžҪ֪һЩĴˣǱˮȻ˵ˣⲻǴҪԼ
ҶҪסʱ򣬱ˮٴ𣬶֮û˱꣬һֲɣΣ㲻֪ҲģΪ΢츮Ͳ磬ھ졣
ʱ䣬ҶѾ˲йؾ飬ЩʦǵģҲħģȻӱˮĿУȻ˾죬΢츮ھ졣
һʱ֮䣬Ҷе㱣ӣԼպĽԶĺ;һ
΢츮˽΢ˣ˵һλܣ΢츮ԭҲλϣǲ֪Ϊʲô΢ͻȻʹ츮뿪죬硭
ȵȣ
Ҷ̲ס˱ˮĻ˵֪֪ĶҶٰ
ϻҲûм΢ˣЩ鶼µ֮пģҾû½Ūôʲô㻨˽ʱ䣬Ū֣
Ҷգգ۾ĺͿˣˮǰǸܴܲͷϸ˵Ȼû΢ˣô뵽΢츮ģòҲ봳΢츮ɣ
ˮͻȻΪҺһֻıȡ΢츮ĶǱ׷ϵͶ·֮£д΢츮ģȻûޱˣȻ΢츮סҵҾҪĶ飬ҲŻػ΢츮
ⷬ˵ҶƿԣҲӱˮӿһľ塣
ʼΪԼǸ߸ϣ߼飬ںܶ෽棬ʵͱȲࡣ
ҶںΪ˱Լǰʱ򣬾й뷨޶֪֪ͼ̫ȴ塣
ͷӱˮĻҶٴβпˮ΢˵涼ûмֻΪ΢ĶסȻԸɣػ΢츮
Ĵ壡
Բ𣬱ˮǰҴˣԥһ£ҶʵǣȻ΢Ĵܣô΢츮ѵûзĴʩҿЩʬ壬Ǳ΢츮ͷųĳܶʼΧӦúǿɣ
Ϊ˲ٴ̼ˮټҶҲȷǶԱˮȻ𾴣ԽʵıȽޣûֱӵ˵Լɻ
΢˵ʵ˵ӦòҪ˰ػ츮ɣ
ȻˮǺģǶһ٣òʧ


692 ʬ
ˮ͸ε΢츮ȻзĴʩҸŪˣٺ٣ʵҲܹңǵ΢û뵽츮µķƶҸûʲôá
ԭм仹һⲢҶڱˮľ壬ȻȷΪֲȴǸ˲֪ɡ
Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ûк˵ˣΪҶ⹴˱ˮڹĻ䣬˻ϻӣҶѯʣѾĽԼľԭԭ˵˳
ǧǰˮһֻںڵӣȻû뵽һȴ˳ǰҪץ
ܱˮûĳɳΪʥޣϾӣ֮ʥѪҺʵȻǿޱȣѹûн˷
Ȼû뵽ǣ˵ʵȻԶԶĳԼǵĶ֡
֮£ˮֻӣŲ·֮Уˮܵ΢츮ǰǸʱ츮ܾʮߵʬ壬׷˿һĻʱסˣˮͳᣬһͷ΢츮֮С
ڱˮ˵΢츮ǼΪɵ飬Ƕ˵ȴǸոһ֮壬˫˫ʬ֮Уʼʬ壬Χ츮ת
ڱˮΪԼǵþȵʱ򣬺Ȼ˾ȻҪѿ΢츮ʱˮҲˣԭԼĴ룬Ȼ츮ڵķƸƻˡ
ײ֮£ˮԼֻҪվһ츮ڵһطҽԼͷųȥΧĽ̾ͻ³֡
Ǳˮվ˽ƣȻҪѳȥҲסˡ
ֻʵʵ̫ǿȻ˰ʱȥˮǸطվ˰ꡣ
֮󣬱ˮȻܹ뿪ˣΪ˱ȴػ츮ûе˵ʱ츮֮Ĵתƣķ΢µּأ֪һЩ顣
Ҷ΢΢ݣ£Χ츮Ư˰֮ò˲
Ȼˮֽ֪Ƶô£ҶˣֽƵĲӦԴĳ󷨡
ֻҪ󷨴ڣƾͻڣˮⴳ룬ƻ۵ڣʧЧɺϵվ֮ϣԼ䵱ۣת
Ҷ̲סһ⣺ˮǰ׷ൽʲôˣ
ˣ
Ҷˣ
ֹеʬ壬ȫ˵ʬ壡
Ҷһƨ˵ϣǰڶʮϵʬ壬ȻȫԾˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһΪʲôҪռ񵺣ʦ꣬뺣еԭˣ
˵ǺֻΪѰӱˮǿĿȴΪ΢츮
΢˱һλܣȻ֪Ϊʲô뿪죬磬ǲ츮˵һʼֵ޷ıƸ
ˣǲŻ᲻ѰңһѰҵӦþǱˮû֮ǰΧ΢츮Щʬ塣
Ȼҵ΢츮ȴ޷츮Ľ֮ձʬԺ׷ɱˮˣ΢츮Щʬ壬Ǵʬ·ϿǺԼһ죬֮ǰ鿴Ȼû뵽ȴǰĺ󳾡
ӦþǰˣֻҶ벻ס
һ⣬Լºͽ޼϶֪ˣھǸ޷Լ磬Ϊʲôǧ֮ǰȴӦǧʱ֮У췢ʲô飡
ڶ⣬Ȼ׷ɱˮѾˣ֪ˮڲģ
ˮ˵ڶĴ𰸣ڱ֮ǰóʯͷȻһЩʱâ˸ӦǽϢ֪ͨǵͬ顣
Ӧˣ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ紫Ϣ죬̫˼飬Ƕͨ˵Ҳʲô⡣
Ҷ󲿷ֵɻ󶼵õ˽ôʣؼһˡΪʲôֻսܴ΢츮Ĵţ
Ǹ࣬Ҷ˵ôˣ΢츮ĴžܳΪ츮ˣӵһУѵ㻹벻ף
ˮôһѵ⣬ҶľˣֻԼе㲻š
ս΢ģ


693 ɱ
뵽ˣ΢µļ˵ĺԼս׹֮УȻֱͬĵط׹ѧսˣھĴˣԲʸ΢츮ĴţʸΪˣ
ȻˮⷬκеѪڣȣҶȴǳĬˣ
ˮҲҶĹŹ֣̲סе࣬ô˵ˣò˵Ʋ΢츮ɣҾ͸͸¶ɣղŵĶһ΢ȥ磬һھ죡
Ҷ뵽ԼղſģԼÿһ˳źˮƯϰЩ龧ʯӦþ΢츮
ܹõЩ˵޵°ɣٻΪµһˣȻõĻҲܳΪˣ

ҶͻȻڣ򵥵һȴ̺ǿҵķŭͼᶨñˮһ
ˮȻ֪ҶԼ;Ĺϵ
ΪѪˣҶ;֮ȫǲĳˣһ˳Ļպ󽫻Ϊħ֮󣬼Ѫͽ;쿹ˣ
ħĻڶҪ죬ͱ꣡
ҶԼ꣬ڳΪҲǳ˷С
Ȼȥһھ˵ĶĶҲܴӦ
֪սĻѧ
˿Ҷſڽ͵ˮǰû˼ΪҵݱȽ⣬ҲܽκھĶ
ΪʲôֵˮȲķѯˡ
Ҷˮǰ׷ɱˣҪǵսϵĶ͸㣬㵱ǵĴˣԸ𣿡
ˮҲ˼Ƭ̺ŻشҲԸ⣡
ǵģҲԸ⣬Һ;֮ǳˣҲһֱ׷ɱңҲܳΪ΢츮ˣӽҶʩչս
ȵȵȵȣˮȻҲżˣæĵ࣬ղһû˵꣬ȱ𼱰Ҳ;ǵˣΪʲôܹػ츮ôõʱأ
ҶһЦˮǰҺܾһ㣬ûؽ󣬻ңҲ϶
ƨؽ󣡡ˮĵֲɵӣôܻȥػأ˵㲻㻹ϣúÿЩʬ壬úղ˵Ļ
ʬ壿
ҶЩʬ壬һͻȻ׹ѿڶ΢˺;֮Ҳǳˣ
ʵʵԣֻг˲ŻɱˣҶɱˣǾԲɱѪˡ
ͬ΢ΪˣΪĴܣҲӦɱˣȴɱôˣһ츮ܲ½ɱˣ˵΢ӦǸѱˣ;֮Ĺϵǵзѣ
ඣ΢µֵļУᵽ죬ʹʼϼ֣ټɱôˣ˾ҲŹ
Ҷͷʵȷˣ
ôԸ˰ɣ
ˮԴżֵ٩ĻҶڨڨһЦٲԸĻҾͲֹǲǳͷβɵˣ
ˮЦ㻹ڵʲôϽʩչս΢츮ĴţΪˣҲҹˣָɣ
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ȻѶҶȻҲƴǣǰ˼ͭŵǰ⼣߰ߣߴʮ׵Ĵţ˫ֻ̧
޽ٴγ֣Ҷȫе΢츮Ĵźݺݴȥ
䣡
촫Բ֮ڵĺǷ˺Хһ㣬ŭţſգҶ޷ֿ쭵ĺˮӲıײȥ׿⡣
ò׵ȵһжƽ֮Ҷȴסˣ
ˮȺŵҲ֮𣺡⣬ⲻܰ΢˵ĺֻսܹ򿪴ţ⣬⣡
Ҷ㾡ȫһ׵Ľһصĸ̴ָȴ΢츮֮ϵһ⼣ûܴ
࣬ѧս𣿡
仰Ҷһѣҡҡͷѧˣûѧȫһ׹ûҵʩչսҲǲȫģ
ˮʧٴνгôûѧȫʲôҰ׸һˣˣ㻹ŸʲôϽȥһ׹ȥ
ҶЦŵȥ
ţˮֺסҶҲ΢츮ˣ;Ҳǳˣ磬Ҹɣ


694 ζ
ң
ӱˮͻȻҪҶһ㶣룬ղ㻹˵ҪԼãôھֱˣ
ǰѾǧˣ˵ͱʮֵİˣҲûκѣʵ˵ʵҶе㲻뿪ˡˮﾹȻ͸Щ˸УŻȴһתڼȻˣټҷǳȤҼȥҾȥģ
ˮǰػҶͬ飬Ǻػȴ
ԼȤ
ǱˮҪԼĿģòŻɵԼɣ
Ҷ˱ˮ˼ָ뿪΢츮ԼܹΪ츮˵ĻôӦķʽ츮Яͬתֵ޵һˮȻ츮֮С
Ȼû⣬ֻΪʲôҵǳȤ˵ֻϲͨ˵ꣿ
ҶԴűˮߣ֮ǰҪŪΪʲôˮϲԼԭ򣬲Ȼ׼ͽԼˣ
Ϊ֣ҷ㿪ʼڣŲʱʱ䣬Ȼٱֹ֮Уźöֶ˵еϤζ
ӦǺԼͨ˰ٻѨйأֶڱˮ˵ϤζؾѪ۾ʹʯˣֻǲ֪еļ֡
ԷģȻϲֻ꣬Գª꣬ŸָĶŹ񫣬Щ꣬ƽȻζ֣֮ӲӵģҲŲԸأ˵θڣ
ԭˮȻܹ֪̲֮ŵĶӶжϳ˵ĺû
ª꣬ȻָľЩ˵꣬Ϊ춼ˣ£֮гۻ֮
꣬Ȼˣ˼࣬ҲǴ֮
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˱ˮֱͨж϶ԷûĻôƶûȫͻһĿȻҲᵥࡣ
ҶеĶΪԼĵ˺ܶ࣬Щ˵£֮кܶ˶ǱµģԼĲ뽫еͳͳɱһ˷ߣʱ򷴶ܻԼ鷳ܹӵжϳԷĺûǾͷˡ
飬ֱɱ
ˮǰжζģ
Ҷʳ⣬ԼоеŤˮȻʮֵŵմմϲܼ򵥣ûʶ
ʶ
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ʶ
ҶͻȻ𵱳ԼͨͥѨʱħᵽʣԼֻһ˿ʶ֮µĻһᵽһ䣬ԼӦֻʶʶ
ھˮôһͣԼԿ϶ԭʶȷǱʶӸ߼Ĵڣǽʶͻʶ϶Ϊһ֮ġ
ˮǰԼʶأ
Ҫ㶯ˣֻҪǿܻʶʵ˵ڵǿԵʶˣһ֪Ļʶɣ
ҶϲӣȻĺ£
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лңҶ˵ˣ㱾Եʶֻ㲻֪Ҿ˳ְȡѣҵ˵ãĻʶ̫ǿҪǿĻҪ㲻
ˣǾӦô
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Ҷߵ츮Ĵ֮ǰ£ģԺ֮ǸɫӤ
ȻӤһ£һǿ紫ӤȻǴ˯о˹һ㣬ʼӶǲûȫ۳ε֫˸оԼ䷽ܹӤĿ
ͬʱҶֻü֮֮һʹĳҪü֮гȥһ㣡
оͺ͸ղԼҪȥʱһģһҲҶﶸȻһ𣬸òˮƭԼ˵ڰԼ򿪻ʶʵȴǳûɵԼɣ
һ˺ѵľʹͻȻӤϴҶ̲סг
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ü֮Ȼһɣĳֶڳüĵ˳ȥ


695 ʶ
һ̣Ҷܵһַɣһڣһ޾ĿУ
ɲ֮䣬κεһжòҪˣԼҲûκεֻޱ޼ʵڵȴԼӴ֮ɣƾԾ
ϧþоԼͬһֻһ޾߿յʱͻȻһ屻ĳһεӸסһʱӸ߿֮ϼ׹䣬ҵʧظ֮صˤȥ
ҶȻ۾ԼȻԭأǰͭĴţˮûʲô߿Ҳûʲôչ᰿裬ƽ֮
ˮ֮𣺡ˣĻʶѾҴˣĿǰĺֻڽ֮²пܿ˵꣬ҶԷʵ̫ߣԼһ°ɣ
仰ҶγѵĻعʶղԼɳȥĲԼ꣬ԼĻʶ
Աˮл⣬Ҷʼʹûʶ
ü֮һĸоһεĶֱ͸üĴ˳ȥһ˳ȥһ
ȻʲôûпҶ֪ӦþǻʶϾʶר鿴Է꣬ûɿ£ȻʲôҲˡ
Ҷ֪ʱ˿̣ŻʶĴ򿪣ü֮ǸɫС㾹ȻҲһЩ̶Сԡ
ʶ˻ȥҶվ֪Լ뿪ˡ
ˮǰҪˣҵһ׹ѧȫս֮һٻģ
ȥȥɣ⣬ҪٶˣЩҵθڣ
仰ҶԼûиˮ͹Ǽ򵥵ĽԼԼĲ²ⶼ˵˳
ˮ֮һԭǾˣߣΪ΢츮֮һȥǱȥ
ˣһ£ÿʮǳʱ򣬻вٵ龧ʯƯˮ棬񵽵ĴͨˣЩ龧ʯ˵ô󣬶ҷܻǴɱ֮Աˮǰܲܰ㲻Ҫ龧ʯ츮֮ˣ
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Ҹɵģ΢츮ÿ궼ҪһδЩӿ龧ʯڵĵطһЩ龧ʯȥɣԺʱһῴŵġ
лǱˮǰȸˣ
࣬㻹ûʲôأ
ˣ˼ҽҶ
Ҷãұÿ̫ˣ
Ҷת뿪΢츮ʱĺˮѾʮֵƽûܵκ׵ĴѨʼź֮ϸȥ
κ֮УҶ˵ջ޴󣬲Ĵͨ˰ٻѨ˳ʮأһ֪һЩйѪħ顣
Ȼջ΢츮ˣײ֮ѧսȻ΢һԼҵ츮пܳΪ츮ˣ˳һֻӱˮ
Щ˶΢츮ӱˮò˵Ҷ׬ˡ
֮ϣѾѹս򸾣ټϺĸ˵Բ۾עǸСˮ̶ȴҶĻ
ЩʦǱϵһСͬĻֵ̿ĵȴţҶܹҲлĿܣزĻǿҲҪ׷Ҷȥˡ
ͻȻ¶ϲɫѿڶҶ
ʵǿоȻҲ񣬵һˮ֮´˶
ȻƬ֮һӰһĳˮ棬˵ǰҶ
Ҷ
Сӣ
˼ͬһʱ䶼ȥ֮гϲá
ϸ磬ײĸ
ս˵ڻع壬ȻҶҲԵĸеˡ
ĵղǶˣٺ٣һΪأû뵽֮һʥӣȻµ˺
Īº͵ЦŵͷǰҶ־ǡ
սȴԥһ֮ʵҶȺڵôأ
ҶϵЦݶʱסˣҡҡͷȺѾûˣҾΪ˾˳·﷢ЩʦǾ˲˵֮꣬¹鿴ҵǡ
˶٣ҶŵȻǶûˣҲٵˣھͼǰ޼ڣģҿ϶Ὣһġ
սԥĵǺһȥ
ûҶӦһԵİȴڵλոջع飬ղǼʦҲ˵ˣҪµʱָܻҽ飬ǻһҶһǰģ


696 
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ͻȻһ嵽ЩһǵʦǵǰһҪɱǣ
˵̧֮־뽫һץǵס˶Է֮΢΢ͣƬȴȻķȥΪ޷Է˵ɱˡ
¶һɱתȥЩʦ˹ȥΪҪǵȥٻЩ꣬Щˡ
ڼȻ˶ȻˣбߵҲȫ˻ȥôҲûˣʱԼǣŻˡ
ŰıӰҶȻһȵȣȱɱǣ
ͣ½ŲعͷĿҶѵҪǷߣ
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ҲǱƵģʵҸ뺦˰
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ҶüĵĽ⣬ϲ΢΢һ̶Ŀ࣬¶֮ɫ
ҶǰһƬڰǻδһʲôûУģһʵĹâ
һ⣬âɬ֮ԼһЩɫĶɫģҵģЩճۻ࣬ۼһ𣬾һɫһ߲ңҶһĶġ
ڣҶΪʲôˮ˵ªζˣȻԼ֮ɵЩӵеĸָĶУԼöģڱˮȴǸζһζˡ
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λ߼ʦһãȻߵߣȫʲô
ţʮһʦĴҶǰ߹ֻһ˵ǵɫ͸һ͸ܹĺڰ˵ȴǳŸָɫ
۾ҶĿ˿ߵʮһ˺ұߵһˣҡҡͷתŰ˴ߵĶ㳬ȵĶұ˾һɣ
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һĿдܳգڿУȻһɫ޴һڣ˲ʦţݺһҧȥ

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ҶĿɿڴʵʲôս
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Ҷһһ̲ˮǰͷȥˮԼĵӰȥȻԼü֮и̶СĽɫӡǡ
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Ȼ쾸еʧȴҲ˵ʲôֻܵͷǶлλǰԮ֮ˣʱĻȥǵʱݡ
лȥģǻȥĵɣ
ҶЦų쾸˵ͷĿ˵һС뿪ĵ
Ҷ׼Ҳ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼ滹һλʦôã
ҶǸ굥ʦţһֱڵ£ûͽϣôƾʵܻܿ
ɣҽһ͵ϣȻԼȥ֮㣡
ҶͶȥҵȻ̱ڵϵʦʱҶע⵽ʵ󣬶Ҳʮ꣬üĿ㣬һ£һλڴʦ
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Ҷӿռ䳾﷭һ·ԶԶĶ׸ɾ·ɣ
˵֮ҶתȥƬ̣˻ˮϤϤĻ·
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ŶԷϻ̳ϿֵӣҶҡҡͷô㲻ôº;н֪ıģȻɱ㡣
οȻͬһֻܾһСĵлǰ
Ҷεҡҡͷƽο¹ȥ֮о۸ģ͵СԸѾˣ
ԼԾȣԸԼȴΪֻԼպĹˣ


698 ж
ΪҶó˴Ⱥеķй޶򣬽ս˴˷͵
˿סУò֣ͬһνȻ෴
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ԣŴԼĶȸϵڣĵȴҶĻҲ˹վҸӵ󣬵ȴžˡ
ڣҶͰ޶ǰʱȴԼĶӹ˵ϣȻҲǽҶڵء
ҶС磬лл㣬лл㰡˵ľˣ
ݺᣬһԼ磬ȫҶͻ˼ңһĶӺеڣĲ֪ллҶˡ
ŹǰһȺѹѹԴҶʱе޴룬ȻȹˣǻĴûΡ
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Ҷһһ͵ƮɢȻӲĽǰйڵصȫ
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Ҷ˿ҲصɵļңֹҪȥˮɣһ£ϾҪ뿪㲻æˡ
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һ䡰СϵܡսͺǿЦãǵʵ͵ɵүүǴ´࣬˥ٶȻǵòͬһ
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Ҷڱ֮أɨƽ֮󣬽ɻѹж˳ѡõģŵҶĿռ䳾С
ԣͨҪƱҪ龧ʯҶԿԵϲƴĸ֣
ǰһѻƽɸ۾ֱˣһҲûôǮ
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ɸֵôУС磬ǸнŵģܸɻͶҪǮ
Ҷ΢΢һЦɣѵһҪЩ𣿡
һ仰ɸƿԣǵĿУҶ֮ɻҪǮ
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һԵսһЦɣѺ֮ûбģͷĵ°ɣ
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սȻǲҶˣֻнο龧ʯҲǣҲǣվȫ޴ˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷҲûվ׼ˣȻʱͻȻһ磬˲˽οµǰĶһһĵ걻ӡа취⿪𣿡
ο±һе龧ʯ㶼˵ϣ˵ˡ
Ҷ⣬ս˺Ͱȴ֪˵Ŀͬʱе˽οµϡ
ҶĸҶƷɣ걻ӡض޷ӦӶ߲ѣ
ֻսǲֱͬӱǿеľг壬ҶŻдһʡ
οڰĵңңԿӦÿ԰ɣ


699 һλʦ
˵Ҷʲôĵ飬Ī֮⣬Լĸˡ
ȻѾĵϾȳ˸ףǸȴΪ걻ӡ²ʡǶоķڴʦҲ޲ߡ
ҶǽѸ׵ϣϣΪ׷½껣˸ûʱ˵ϼ仰Ȼֻա
ڣοµ仰ֱҶĪľϲϣæȻеĸ״תֵб˳
ҶƷɣοͷ˿ôе찡
һԵĺĵ죿ȻˣҶĸףĵץߣȻӡ꣬˵ǲɵģ
ο±仰ŵöʱɫֵңǿʦģǸղţղűλǰɱǸˡ
Ҷһ˿⣬Լ֪Ǹ߼ʦԼĸŪĻԼ˵ʲôҲҪɱ
ͷĵˣŻŻѣϽܲܽҶĸ׸ѡ
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ο¼æ˲ͷϵĺߵҶƷɵԱߣó壬ҡ
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ĪȻЦݣɫҶҶҺһȻûнȢţҵ͵ҵŮĸףǵ׼ң޷ŵᱣ֤㸸ƽ£ҿԸ㣬˶ˣĻǾԲĸκ⣡
ĪỰ£սͺͬʱĵͷǣҶȻͨһڵأĸϸ磬лˣ
Īἱæֵɵӣǻôʲô˵Ϊ˾磬Ҳ˼ѵľǣһ

ҶһͷȻοµ֣Ҹ׵¾ͰˣܽҸ׾ѣ£Ҷ
οæɫҶǰģһᾡŬѡ
Ҷٴο˸һۣȻһȭŰ˵ͷת뿪˷䣬գ½ķȥ
˵Ӱʧս˲תݣ˵ˣββæµ
ҶͰΪ˶ݺгըûʧǶ޴Ģƣò˸Ȧӣڷɳȥ֮󣬰ȻڵǸοȻʦǷڵˣ
Ҷһ̶׹ˣָ˵ڲ׼ҵӵ𣿡
׼ҵҲзŵģһ㱨ᱨţڱԼʱֱӱľǽο£϶Ƿߡ
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Ҷͷ˵ȿӦҲţ㵽Ҫ˵ʲô
Ҿ㣬Ȼʦеţô϶ܹĸף
仰Ҷ׹ˣԭ밲οԼ
Ȼְο˵ķʽʮֺҶȴһů
Ҳܣ


700 ͷö
Ȼ͵Ǿ½ıؾ֮أ֮·ҲǼΪңԶҶͰ˲߲ݵķУҲҪµʱ䣬ҲǵļٶˣҪٿǲܵˡ
Ϊֻˣûʲô˼ɡ
һҶǶûд¸𱣻׺սǵİȫϾҲ൱ڳʵܱսҪǿĶࡣ
ҳϵǣһֱҪҶĺǣȴʮϣû˿顣
Ҷûж룬֪ʵԴһٴʧǣ㽫ɱ֮󣬺ǵͷһЩ仯
߰ĺ¶˾ģԼûܹҶʵƽ֮ǰҶҪ󣬷ĻԼǲٸҶˣΪԼҪҶΪ˳Ϊ׸
ˣҶ±ˣӦͬʱҲǽʱ䵱һʵĻᡣ
һ·֮ϣ˭Ҳûз·ʱ䣬ץʱԼΪ˵ĬĬš
ҶԴӰٻѨڼĵر֮´֮ͨ󣬲ʶõǿҵ˻ʶҪľҲǴﵽ˳ռ
ֻҶеģȻõ˴ȵԼʵȴû̫ĽչǱȹȥ΢ǿһ㣬Ȼֻܿصĸ֡
ҶҲżϾʵԽǿѶҲԽԼܹó壬ﵽʵӦòŻдȵ
ڳҶҲѾӲ˵Ŀ˵ˣѾ뿪ƺʹȺϯ̫ϳ÷ɽ񽲽Ϊϸ̵ı仯ҪѾ۳ʵĳѳԼ塣
ҪҶȴһͷûУԲȥʲôȻԼġѪսĹͰС
ѾͨİٻѨĿǰѾжʮѨλͨСָٳ󾭹ôʱŬҲҪͨҶȻͽ󲿷ֵľͶ뵽ӡѨϡ
ǰҶԴͨӡѨʱ̽ѨŻʶĵȻü֮ȻܹоԵȴ΢࣬һµʱ䣬Ҷ̽׼ȷλãʼ˽һͨѨ
µʱƴĸ·֮зɿţǼ½ǰ죬ֺȴѾһϵ޼ڣ
ٶȣֺ޷ǶȵģֺѾȥ½Σ·ʱҲҶҪ磬Ȼȵ
޼ڣ½ӵʮֵĳɣȴҲûյĻԻͣѾڱıԵ
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ȥ޼ƴʱ򣬿û۸ɣЩɶԹۣп޼ڡ
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Ѱȴ޼ڵĵӣЩŽ޼һͶԭĵˡ
Щʮд󲿷ֶҶˣ޳ʹٶԼ񵶵ˣ
ھ޼ڵ˶ǻ̻̲գﻹʱȥǣڵĴε˼㡣
뿪ɣ޴ȥɣû˹ܣҪɫҲǣҲǣ
û˽޼쵼ʵǿȻͳЩ˵ͷͷڣ˾;ۼڽ޼סԼպİš
ǱһӵĻ𣬱ͽܹңȻû뵽ȴԼͽż޵䵽˽һز
˵ѯʣվвϵ߶ţ֮ͣҾ˷ЩӦ׶༪ˣȻôҶѾ޼ڣǻûأ룬ӦøϽ뿪ߵԽԶԽãΪҶӦþҪˡ
ٶ׵磬ͷ˵еǾʹҶŮˣҹ뿪޼ڣѰҸصĵطһʱ䣬Ȼȷͷȥ֮ٳ
ҶŮˣɱѾԶԶĶˣֻܴļ֣ɱһһʹζ
Ī⣬˵˷磬еΪӦôĪһ뿪ھͶһȴҪɱĪ硣
˽ֲµʱͻȻһ޼ţٽҶŮ˽ȻĻүҿҪɱ䣬ǣ


701 ˵ֺ
񵶵˵ɫȫˣΪǹȥֺͬһսߵˣȻ֪ľֺС
ǰǿŽ޼ҲηֺУڣѾĵͽֺеʵǸ̫߳࣬ǸҳȥֺС
ٶ׽ĵֺôҪҶŮˣòĵ˶˰ɣǸϽ߰ɣ
΢һӦòǣĵ˶ĻͿڵ޼ڣȱ˵
ʮ׳ŵ߳ӣ̧ͷķȥ
ֻǧ׸߿֮ϣֺǷֵӭվŭ졣
ʱһӰ޼ڷɳֺеǰ޼ڵλ֮һκ졣
ǰ˸Լſ˴£޼ڵͶ˵ֱӳֳͽˣƱǿǸû
κȻҲǳĸ֣Ǵ˿վȾһͷЦݵĶֺйΪȻзڴʦݰٱڣʧԶӭʦˡ
ֺϾȻҲ¶Цݵ㻹ͦ˵İĶǲ⣬ǽҶŮͳѵû𣿼Ȼ˫ҲûˣҸ˺˰ɣ
£ֺͻȻֵ֣κӰٶȣ˲κǰ˫ֱסκ˫Ȼһ˺
꣡

Ѫ䣬ҽֺежһ˫ѪܵĶ䣬ȻҲֱ˳ȥȻЦעκ˵һ飬ҶŮ˽ȻĻҾҪѪϴ޼ڣ
޼̧ͷڶӣһĻɵˣ
ֺоȻ˵ͽκ쳤ϵһ˫˺Ҳ̫˼ˡ
ৡƿ֮ҲͬʱһֲסʹļҪȥκ죬һһָֺеֺУôĵӣѵΪ޼𣿡
ֺкٺһЦף㻹֪˭Ȼ֪ҵĴȻ˵ûнҷˣ
ֺһָһɫ籡˲仯Ϊɫ˳ȥȻҲûϵֺоȻֻٴϢ֣֮ûУѾ޷
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գ֮䣬޼Ѿһһ˵ͷһӰ
ǺֺлйӴ񵶵ˣ˿̸ɫ԰ףٶײŵˣˣֺһǷˣ
񵶵ͷǵģӦǷˣȻͻ֮ĹϵǲҲԲɱ˰
ȷݺеѾֺаȫļ˳ľͬһһ㣬ֻɱ¾еˬ졣
ǻʲôϽӰɣٶ˵תҪߡ
ӣЦһֺȻˣʵ˿ҸҴģ޼ڿ϶ʶ֮£ҲлĻᣬӵĻĸ졣
ƺΪ֤񵶵ĻһЩ޼ڵĵ֮в֪˭һɤӣܰ
ʱʮӿʼɢӣÿߵķ򶼲һȻҲֺ׷ɱ
ЩߵˣֺͷԼ촽ϽļѪЦ
Ц֮У޼ڵĵ¸طͻȻӿһɫĳһɿζЩߵ׷˹ȥ
žžž𣬵ҪߵˣܵĶԶһȫЩ׷ϲĲס
綼αżأүһ̣
ҽ֮ͬʱһ޴Ѫ޼ڵĸط˿
һĻٶײɫҰ׵Ŀһ񵶣û뵽ıˣֺоȻѾ޼ڵĵӵĻֻĸ졣
ʮ˲ʧ޼ʣµһλĸѾȫĸɵˣֺиɷ֣Ӹµעµ޼ǵүǾ仰˭ҶŮ˽˭ܻ
޼ڵľӶ֪ҶǺˣȴһЩרŸصεĵ֪֮ڸոѺһŮˣҲǲֺҪҵˣмѾүȥǸŮ˴


702 С
ĪڱһȺŴ˳ֺпĪ磬ϼֱҪЦˡ
һӿֱ䵽ĪǰȥĪͬʱЦŵСѾͷĹȻ°Ҷ۹ⲻٺ٣
Ī罫ͷҪ㿪ϧʵ̫⣬ûۣܹùأ
ֺǷʺָԼϣĪͻȻоϴ˼¾ҵĴʹǱõһʹ뺰ȴӲҧͦסˡ
ֵǣ־ҵʹҲ˲ʧ̲סȥԼգȻһƬ⻬ûκε˿ڡ
ʱֺеٴ𣬲˿ȴûЦݣǲݺݵĵ֪֪Ҷɱҵʦܣҵʦܻɢҷһ·ϵʱ䣬Ҷ룬ҪβܺݺݵıҶɱɱ㣬̫ˣҪԶڻں޺ʹ֮У
ĪѾֺɢǽֲѹȵͬһΡΡȴȻǿֱͦ壬ηĺֺжš
ֺеⷬĪϾûб飬ȴ¶˾ģԷĸҶԼʲôǷ֮£Լɱ
ĪȻҶԸȴǼΪңԼҲԸԼҪЮҶ
ϧȻǺãȴҲ֪Լڸ
ڱץסʼһֱڣʵѾɱڵֽŵĽ˷ӡסˣҧԾûǸ
ֺжĶĪ翴˰֮󣬺Ȼתȥһ޼ȥһ߿йЦŵҶҶ͵͸Ĵɣ
ЦУֺеѾ뿪޼ڣֱԾ˿УһĹѾʧ˵֮С
ˣ
˿˵϶¶ã֮ɫֺоȻ뿪ˣ
ֺгֵڣֻаӵʱ䣬Ѿʮ޼ڵӺУҶŮ˳ˣȴֻһ£Ȼ˵仰ˣ
󣬿Ҳʵ̫С˰ɣ
˵һҶŮˣҶıˣ
ٶЦԷǵĵֺǳͷβķˡ
û˵һ˫۾ֻĶĪ

ͬʱҶͰ˾½ֻǧľ룬µ·ۿžҪĿĵˣ˭Ҳû˼ȥǶһ֮󣬼ӿٶȣ½ȥ
ȻҶͻȻоһһɾҵʹĿڴһѰԼؿڡ
һԵİˣæеʵôˣ
Ҷüͷٶе΢΢Σҧۣ
۵ĸоҶ˵İΪ֮ԻȫĪİԴ۵ĸо
ֻǴ˿̵ۣǿ˺ֹٱ
ҲҶð˲ԤУĪҲˣ
һУȫ֪飬Ըû룬ֻǹеĵǲʱ·еԲˣҸطͣϢһᣬ޼ѾǰҲôʱˡ
ҶϵɫѾڲסȴûԼĸо˵ҡҡͷû£ٿɣ
£ҶѾﵽ޵ٶȾȻٴμӿ˼֣һһա
ҶѾԼ˦ϰ׵ΣЦҡҡͷǱް
һǰһڿдˣ̤½˸ѯһ޼ڵľ巽λ֮󣬼޼ڸȥ

޼ڣȻֺ뿪ˣȴֺлȥǸɴĪ棬ΧߣΧ
һĪ˵ˣɱҲֻĬĬڵϣƽҲ֪Щʲô
񵶵Ҳͬ޷ˣΪ޼¼ӴѲߺͷȣǼǱ֮˸ǳܿܵĶⲻϵѲӡ
һʱƽĹȥ˰ҹȺΧĪߵĵǣһ̧ͷɨĪһۡ
Ȼһۣȴ׻һ㣬Ȼʼ
Χ˷һιôˣ
Ҳ˵ֻ˾ҲָָǰΧסĪ硣
˶תĿ⣬˳ָ˹ȥ
һ̾ʮȻԾڵϣһҲʼ
ˣʱ˿̣ĪϾȻƿ˼̶С˿ڣһ͵˿֮˳


703 
ϳ˵ˣû˵ȻȴʵĪţ
ĪֻǾе˼֮ȴԽԽҴһطʼطӶȥֱޱȡ
ƤƤӶӲǲܣĪǷһ˫ƴץš
ۡһ촫ĪϱƿһСӣһɫ̬欵˳
ͬʱĪ˾Ѿɵˣʹ˼УһС
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼԽԽĿӳ֣ÿһﶼ᳤һɫֱĪѾЩƵʵʵ
ԶԶȥĪǱһӵ壬ȴһԴĹ
ڣһļĪĿк˳

ĪֻϺҵץţòץסһҪĸƤ֮£ӲĻͻὫƤ˺
ȻĪٸң¸ңͻȻ֮Լ⸱˲˹ӣǼôõһȫıˡ
ĪȻӵվһ߷Ъ˹ļһ߷Ⱥ˹ȥ
ղŻĪΧţߵ޼ڵǣʱ˿ԳĪ磬ȴһǶһƴԼ壬ӶǹԼϡ
Īȫ巽£һ·ײײľȻȺ޼ڵĴţʧڵɽ֮ϡ
˶ĿɿڴĿĪʧȴûһ˸ǰ
ʱҲˣԭֺвֻСһĪĸԸ뿪ˡ
ʵָĪʱ򣬾Ѿֽţֻû֪ôģ֪Ϊʲôܹ˵ϳ
ô˵ֱֺķʽ˼㣬κһŮ˵òҪģȻٺÿϣͻȻʮҲԺÿĸоֻ˸еֲ
ЩԶĪƤ֮Уֻǽ¶ƤЩڵĻȻ
а취ЩĪϵһ˿ȴһϡ
֮Ӵ֮ĪܹҲҲǳ׵Ļˡ
ˣĪھŰ취ѰҲԸʹĻȥԸҶԼ⸱ֲӡ
ˣҶµȻա
Ī뿪޼ڵ˶һŮӿҲеͬ飬ǸȴǷɣΪǸֺмȻѾֽţôȻͲˡ
޼Ҳ޷ֺͬɷǵĹˡ

ɽΪ½һɽ߶Ƚӽף޼ڵܲλڰɽɽҲǧס
ڵɽ·֮ϣȫκζĪ磬ϵıµʯӣ·ߵʯͷվ𣬰վ𣬽׵ľ룬ѾǱˣѪֹ
ȴоʹʧȥеĸоһֻһͷǸϽ
Ȼָɣ˵Ȼһʮּѵ顣
ҪҧԾȴĲ֮£ŶŲ
ҪȴЩյĸɸɾ
ڣĪ˫һӲĴʯͷĽԼԴʯͷײȥ
ۣ
ƵԴ֮ϵһźʵ׵ıס
Īֶڵϣ˫ֺҵţҵһʯͷԼؿںݺݴȥ
һϢĴͷϴ£סʯͷ
ĪʶˣЩȻֹԼɱǷҪԼģȥ
£
ͷ͵شĪð˳ԣǧ׵ĸ߿ȥ϶ˤġ
վĪ˫֣ϸܵķһһŲѰµλá
һ


ʮ
ĪڳɹվµıϣȻȴ֪ԼֻҪһͺԶĸˡ
һ̣Ժ֮г˸ףĸף󣬵ܵܣҶŴŵ΢Ц
ʱ֮ͻȻһХХ߿ʯžҹ
ĪȻֹסĲΪ˵ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ΪҶ
ҶȻ޼ڣ


704 Ӱص
ʱ˿̣޼ڵ˸ոһ׼ɢȥúϢһ£ȻͻȻĳХȴÿ˸ոշȥٴᵽɤۡ
ôˣ
ѵи޼
ڱ״̬񵶣ХȻվΪҲͬˣҶ
ҶȻˣ
񵶵ٴӿһɾ⣬Ȼ֪ҶΪĪĪץߵԼ
ټĪӣҲѾ޼ڵӵĿ˵ˣ룬ҶܻŹԼ
Բܣ
ˣĻˣ˵ֱӳӣȻ޼ѲߵĵӣΪ˿ǶХסˣһʱȫ˿У񵶾ͳᣬǵһţҪҹɫ֮ȥ
ڵҹ֮ϣҶͰһ·ıڴﵽ޼ڣ޼ڣȴÿƴӴܵӰ
ҶʶʶÿһʶõߣԶԶϳӰ񵶣
ԼҶѾǺ֮ǣ˿̿ôܻߣ
񵶣վס
һȣҶѾͬһһ㣬񵶡
ҶǰӹһΣʱǵʵĲ̫󣬵ڣ֮ʵֱ֮Ͳٴߡ
žһҶѾεץס񵶵죬ͬʱǿкֱӳڣǿзӡĳûа취ʱĳ˸ͨˡ
ҶһѽקԼǰĶ񵶣Īģ
֪ԼˣĵӾȻҲ¶Цݵٺ٣ҶҲ֪˵ʲôʲôĪ磬ʲôϵ
ҶھһջҧסˣûҵĪ֮ǰԼɱ
Ҷ³嵽˿УȻͰ޼ڡ
˿Ҷܹʶ޼ĻҲִܷ˿ֻ̾вǧ׵վ±ߵĪ硣
ſҲĪ緢ļϸŵĿ
ϧΪҶ̫Ī磬һΪӦþ޼ڣԸû뵽ôࡣ
ǰվŵô޼ڵĵӣҶȴĸоˣ޼һʲô顣
˿̾ۼĶ޼ڳĸ֣Ȼ֮ûʶҶͰǶ֮ͬһǵǿ֮
ո뿪ֺоͬһǷߵĴ磬ڰڵʥӣȻ޼ڵ˸е˺¡
Ҷһɨǰˣص˵ϣȻһѹס˼Ҫĳɤ۵࣬ɳҶĪ
Ҷ
֣ЩϱɫˣҲû뵽ֺвҹҶŮˣҹҶ˾ȻԳˡ
ȻѾ֪ҶԼǲˣǶҶ⣬ȴû˸ҿڻش
Ҷ˫֮жȻ⣬ָͷԱһɽȥ
ȻУߴ׵ļɽ̷飬˳
һ飬ҵδޣĪ磬ڡġ
ʱҶĿѣ˫Ŀ죬ǳɤӺ仰ͬһɽ
ڳվ֮ϵĪҲ
δޣ
ڱڵסϣĪ¶һĵЦݣҶ׿˵ԼδޣԼ޺ˡ
Ҷܣ䲻ˣԵĻһᵱޣټˣ
ĬĬ˵仰֮Ī̹Ȼǰ޾£ԼĽš
ͬʱ޼˴ŵָŴ֮գոܣܳȥ
ҶȻһʶ̼Ӷȥڿ֮һӰһϮȹɽ紵ĸ߸
Ҷ˵̫ϤˣΪĵһۣΪӰ
ɽĪΪ˵ȴҶһڱ¶ȺͺХɽվʮʱ䣡
ӰҶʶ֮صһ˶ݵĻ㱡
ȻʱȻӰȻ¡

һ󺰣ֻһǰҶѾʧ٣΢΢һΪûпҶ뿪ġ
뿪ʽٶ֮죬ԺͿռ֮
Ҷ˲±ϣԼ֪ôģ˿ֻһͷĪҪ£ԼҲҪץס


705 ƽ
ĪֻԼǱһʯͷʧȥеڷٵ׹䣬ȻͻȻ֮䣬һֻůȴεץסԼ
¿֮ͨϤĸоȴĪ֪ץסԼҶ
ϣطĪ統ȻǳϲҶ˽ץסǴʱ˿̣ȴƴţ޷˵κԵĿзĹ
ҶѾĪЩצĳªԼղôʹԭҲĪΪʲôҪȥɱ
ҶѹŭῪڵ㣬ңҶûµģˣ
ĪڷǵܹסҶ
ҶһͽĪ׹˻˻ĵ㣬ǵϴΪ˾ң㱻üʦµʱ˵Ļ𣿡
ǵҸŸոտʼ
ĪͣҶ˶оһְǵֻ£ԼǳªʱٴμԼѾǵǸĪˡ
ڵԼˣһ۲۵֣ҶߣҶ˳Цġ
Ī˫־ܵסԼҡͷзٵġ֮ҪҶĻѳȥ
ҶĴһεסĪ˫֣Ща취ȥģ
仰ĪʱסˣȻе㲻ţҶƺ֪ʲôһ֮͸һЦѵ㻹ʲôʱƭ㣿˵㲻֪ڵжЩ㲻ʲôҪΪЩɱľ̫ԩˡ
ʱ˿̣վҶİȻҲҶеЦ⣬ĸǾҶϾĹžһû˿û˿ı飡
ǣһðﶼ̲סһ˿⣡
Īڳ׵ֹͣΪҶҶܵģȻô˵϶ܹȥԼϵЩ
ˣĪ绹ǴԼȹӵ°ڴ˺һأȻԼԴϣʵûڵģȥҶκˡ
ҶûֹֻǱĵһϵеĶֱԴȫİ
ȻҶ˲ӣ޼ȥھߵʱ򣬾Ҷûз˿ǰȴܸоһĺ⡣
Ҷص޼ڣʱ޼λĳѾغˡ
ҶðײԴĪ˽ҲͰͬĸоĴһ
Ҷ˫ĬĬͷųһȻӿĪڣĪԴһᣬ˯˹ȥ
ʱ䣬Ů˸û˯һþûܹƬʼĵĳż尾
ڣҶĻУҶĴ߶֮£ڿ̤̤ʵʵ˯һˡ
ȷĪѾ˯֮ҶĿƽĿ޼ڽʣλֵ˭ɵģ
򵥵֣ȴ̺һϵϣλָ˿ԥæڵֺУɱʮӺһλ
أ
ҶȶԷ˵꣬ͺĴˡ
ߣˣλһ£ȻʹЦˣ˵˵͸Ĵ񡣡
ĸ򣿡
ǣǸ򣡡
ҶһȦڳ޼ڵĵӵǵȸ½ȺڵˣҲˣȫˣڣҲϾɱ
Ҷǰ仰޼ڵĵȫˣ
ͬڵĽʮ֣Ȼȫˣ
ͨһֹҶǰĹ£Ҳ׷׹򵹡
ҶԾ޶Եĵһ޼޼ʱˣԼ޼ڵˣȫ
Ƭ̹򣬰޳ʹٶףҶԪʣɽʮˣ޼ڵӵѺ֮³Ҷǰ
ҶĿЩԼγֵģұԼϵˣ΢΢һЦλǶܾûˡ
޳ʹһ͹ڵأҶҶǰʱҲǹҪģǲѶΪ֮ģҰɣҴӴ֮һҸ˼ĵطúҲˡ
ɽŹ£ʹҶڣеˣҶԪ֮⣬ȫ


706 ˽
ЩԼǰˣҶЦҡҡͷǲùңͺеÿһ˶˵һ죬һҪǷҺҶҵĶ죬Ǿ˽ɣ
ҶĿ˰޳ʹϣǰװҶƷɹײģҳ̷ֲϵҶĴ󺺣˿ѾǶɸҴˡ
޳ʹĳ̶ֳϣʵһҪлл㣬ϵҵĵҲͲнҶ룬ҪɴҲϵĵһˣ
޳ʹԼĶ䣬Ȼɴ۾ҶȻﱻϣڳ˷ˣٱסԶϼʮ갡
ȻҶĻѾ𣺡ĳֻ̫ȥкĺˣҲ£Ҳʱֻ°ҵĸףԣ
ҶĪ˫̧һָһǶ˰޳ʹĵȻŽһࡣ
Ҷ˼ٶף㣬ҾͲض˵ˣ
ٶ˵ʱ䣬Ҷͬɱ
ҶԪʣһúһҶүүǣҶңҵĸ׺үүԭ뽫㽻ӴãһʱһԾ
ҶһĽԼĳɱ񵶵Ĵͽܺɽһ٣ֻʣһˡ
񵶣֪ΪʲôҪ𣿡
˿̵ɫȻЩһԼǰѾûκεͷЦһ֪
֪ͺãҶо䣺û㣬ںȸ½ô߲о綾û㣬ȺڵĵӲû㣬ײǲû㣬Ҳ֮ܽࡣ
ҶԼУʶȻԼĵʱ̣ԼɹĻȴ࣡
ôɱ㣬ȫ޷ͷ֮ޣҪĥ㣬ãܣ
ৣ
ĵ絶ƾճֱ֣ն񵶵˫˫ţֻʣһ壬Ѫ֮дİš
Ѿ񵶣Ҷ¶һֲпЦ⣬ʱʼվߵİȴҶ˫֮оȻַһ˿Ѫɫ
ðһΪҶʧǵΣ֪ĪҶĳޱȼӲ꣬Ҳڱеķŭһʴš
ҶչȥôܻܿٴʧǣĻ޼ڵˣһҲˣ
ܰ𣬵ȴҲԸɱ޹ԸҶһ˫մѪȵĿ֡
ǰ΢΢ԥ֮ͻȻָһ񵶵࣬ʹ֮н˳
ʲô
ҶͻȻת˫֮гŭĶŰҧġ֨죬ƺ޲ſͣȥ
֪ڵҶҶҲƽ̬ĿƽһָĪҶ֣ڶ˵ҪĲɱˣҪϽ취ĪҵֺУ
ᵽĪ磬Ҷ岻΢΢һͷȻ˯֮еĪ磬˫֮еѪɫѸٵȥ
̧ͷҶĬĬĶŰ˵ͷֿԼߺ˵һʬ壬в΢΢һ½Ŀ⿴޼ڽλ֡
λֿûаʵҺҶĿӣæͷȥǰĵһҪѾˣ˵ڶҪ󣡡
ҶһµڶҪ󣬴ӽ޼ڵˣ׼̤ȸ½벽ȻĻɱ⣡
һҪʵǷǳ֣޼ڵˣʱ˿ȴûаԹԣĻϲãæͷû⣬û⣬ǴӦǷģӽ󣬾Բ̤ȸ½벽
̧ͷǰȻѾʧȥҶͰӰ
޼ڵڿĳһΪӹһ٣ǸղŶҶĳŵһֻҪҶһ죬Ǿ;Բ̤ȸ½벽
ΪҶʵ̫ˣ
޼ڵҲˣҶȻټĪֱӷɵ˿УҲǽ
ֱ뿪ɽ֮ڿͣҶ׼ʲô
׷ɱֺУҶָ侲ֺнܹ綯֣Ϳܶ˶֣һ첻һ첻ðԣ·е鲻ܣҲҪɱ


707 ׷Ѱ
ȻҶֺеĺޣͷֺп϶Ҫңֺֻ뿪ѾһʱˣȻ֪ĸߵģֻҪڿ΢ıһ·ô㵽ȥң
Ҷ˫֮͸ڵɱ̤磬ҲҪҵ
Ҷֺ֣֮ǰ취κĪɣղӦƭİɣ
ҶĪ֮Ҷ͸Ī˵Լа취ЩĪҲˣ²⣬Ҷ˵ӦǼٻ
ȻҶȻ˯ϰŰײĪ磬еɱڱȡĵͷǰƭģûôܹҲΪʲôҪҵֺУȻģôһа취
ãֺУ
˵ʵһزʶˣڵĪ磬еȻҶᱻŭͳ޶ʧǣӶȫһˣԲŻĵҪתעҶĻҲȷеĪֱӵķҵֺС
ȻҶȴҡҡͷĿֱŰһ¡
֪ҶȻǲԼһ𣬵Ҷȴ޷ֻܾܿЦŵ˵
ϣȥҶңտŵ㣬һ˳ֺʧķ׷һΣҵȥҵļ˲Ҷ֮Уû˻ֺеĶ֣ҲֺУȻҲתҶңʱҶһ͡
Ҫ󣬰ûκνƴˣͷãھͶǰҶңԼĵ㣬ֺ֮⣬㻹ҪСǸʥͯ
֪ллˣ
ҶŰһҾȻת޼ָֺ뿪ķ򣬳˳ȥ
վԭأҶıӰʧ֮󣬲¶ɬҡҡͷﰵпȻҶĽĵط˭֪ϵĵҲͬκ˶Ҫصöࡣ
׻ԣδޱݣΣķԼʱΣգǾȴһһηܲȥˣΪ˵İΣš
ûҶȸ½ϵô߳ɿѾ˰µʳ
ûҶ֮صЩչƶڷ
ûҶȺҲѪɺӣ
ûҶ񵺸ǧͨ˻ɢ
˵ߴȱΪз߼һ£ҲҶһĶࡣ
Ҷʧķ򣬰ҲһҾףȻתȸ½ķȥΣܹҶУҶκΣա

ҶĪ磬ֺʧķ׷ѰţͬʱҲڽʾ֭ûа취ܹĪϵЩ
ûȷİ취֮ǰҲûĪĪ籧ϣܻȥϣĻĽ᳹׵ɥʧȥ
ԼΪֻܽϣԼʶ˵Уûпܻܹа취
ʱ˼׷Ѱ֮зɿţܿ죬һµʱȥˣҶֻҪǾ˵ĵطӿǴйֺеϢǲû˿ֺС
ʱҶòϣԼĿĵѰǲҵõֺУ׼Īȸ½
׼ֱӻؼңǾȽĪȺȥϾȺڶľҩʦһһλ÷ɽǳ͸ֲ򽻵Ҳܹа취Щ
뵽÷ɽҶͻȻһ֣Ȼ̲סֺݺݵĴԼԴʵԼ߾һڸֲԶǳͨ÷ɽҪǿĶˣԼôû뵽أ
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Ҷ÷ɽҩû̵İ϶Ӯ÷ɽ񣬶Ҳֹһε˵Ҫ˵ֲ˽̶ȣǾûκܹȵǾ塣
ҶĶȻæһ˵СȥȻæٻ̡
ٻ˰
˷ܣȥͬһδĺһ˭õһλĸ֡
Ҷ˵ͷҲ̿Ҷϵǳ۾һգǲʲôˣ
Ҷû˵ĬĬĽбѾһµĪķŵ˵ϣȻСģһһĽ⿪Դϵİײ
һβŵԴ¶˳ұϴҶʱЩֳ˲٣ֵĶгôˣ䶯壬ΪĶġ
Щ̶ʱгǼٰ˭ộȻټ˵ˣ


708 Ҳ
һھͺƣҶ̲סȻ֪ôû׼ܹа취ǡ
ĹҵδޣҵһŪûа취
˵仰֮ҶʹŽźע̡
̲ûϻش𣬶ץסһ٣Ȼ۾
ʱ̵֮ɢһ̹⣬âͣĪ嶼ȫİ
ңЩڲ䶯٣̹֮£Ȼֹͣ䶯Ҷһ˿ϣ
һյʱ̲۾ҶϵɫΪŹ֣ҶĶʱᵽɤۡ
а취԰γЩ٣
ģ
Ҷһ¾վϳ˷֮ɫȻȻϾɫȴ֪϶ûô򵥡
Ȼֵ̽ҿ԰γǣδµ˿ڣȴΪˡ
ȻûˣϾʮСһ˿ڣЩ˿ڲϵĻǸܼˣҾˣҲ˰̡
Ҷٴ˳Ĭ̻˼ҲһŮ˵ʮ˿ڣ˵϶ʮ˰̣ζʲô
֮ҶĿ⿴Ī磬֮¶еԣȽЩٰγˣ룬а취ܹҽκϵ˿ڵģҾ㲻ϣҲûʲôȻȢΪޣһػ
̵һ˫۾ĿҶ塣
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Ҷ֪תЩ٣Լ˵϶һ˺ȴں
ȻһЦ̫ˣ
˵֮ҲϻˣֱĪԴϷȻ۾ĪԴ档
ҶľҲ߶ȽʶŴ˼ޣ˷ȥʱ򣬾Բκŵ̺Ī硣
ֻ̾һֻ֮ͻȻһ̣ȴȻ֮ɢ
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ȻҶʶȥ鿴»Ӱ쵽̣ȴܲ²ĳӦǽֱ쵽ĪϵƤ֮£ӶЩٸγ
̵ĶʮֵĻᣬ˰ʱ֮һ˿˿̲Ĵ֮˳
̵ðһһȻ֮УĪ
һĻҶļֱҪĳɤˣ
Ȼ̸ղŻشʮֿ϶Ҷʼմһ˿ɣۼһַʽˡ
ͬʱҲΪʲô̻˵һβܳ׽ˣʱγһʱγʮĪϵϰٸ֮࣬ȫγ͵Ҫʮʱ
ֻҪܽЩٸŪߣ˵ʮʱˣٶʮʱ䣬ҶҲԸȡ
ʱܿȥٰγ˵һ֮ٶȴֻܹǰγʮ٣ʱѾʼ͸Ȼ飬˵˺Ǽġ
Ȼȥˣʮʱ֮ٽٻ
Ҷмεĵ˵ͷʱ˵ʲôǶġ
ǣҶĪС֮סÿʮʱͽٻʱ֮ͻѪ
ĪϵҲԽԽ٣̵ٶҲԽԽ弸Ѿȫ͸񲻺õĻ޷Ĵڡ
Ҷοڣ̶ϢһڼȻȴܾˣΪ̵ʱڽȫγĻôʱһЩδγܻӣĪƤ֮ѿĻԶҲβɾˡ
ҶҲˣһҶܿĪˣǵڶʱȴٴα³סˡ
һµʱȥˣѾȫ͸ˣֻһ˫۾ɡ
ڳɹİγĪһ֮ͬһҶʱҶ¶һ΢ЦҲǣԺ²ΪЧˡ


709 Ҷ
ҶԭΪĪϵȫγѣ̵仰ȴͬһˮһһ͸
ԭΪȻγٶ̿϶Ӱ죬Ƕͺİϧһһʱܺã˵Ļͬһʱż
Ĺûа취ܹ㣿굤ˣﻹмŶ굤Ͻ¡
ʱҶȻԭһɵ˫۾ȻڰѾʧ٣ֻ֮ͬһ˫۾һ
ٴգգ۾÷ˣܹҵҵˣȻĻκεҩҶûκЧܹʶܹٴοѪ磬Ѿˣټˣ
̻£һ˫۾ҲʼʧҶȻһȣҲ
Ѫ֮ûҵ㲻
䣡
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֮£ҶϣϣѸٸֳһѪɫķġ
ЩľһСһɿҲֻҶһҶԺǸɫӤϣ
ɫӤϲѪɫķģʼƺЩĻɼʹֱ࣬޷ܡ
ҶҲǸͬܣһ޷ľʹ˲Ϯ壬ʹĵطͼڵ֮
ҶܹԼĻͻ֣ᷢڵⶼѪɫһƬǱѪסһѪ֮ҲͬѪɫģȥ쳣ޡ
ͻȻѪ֮ϵЩĿʼƶˣͬһһѪεĶȥܿ뿪ѪΣһȴβǴһͶ˵ķѪ֮ϣķȴ˳ӣʵǡ
Ĵһӣӻϵ죬죬֪δ
ͬʱҶ۾䣬ӣͣ壬ʶȴģ
ʹѾԶȥĸйҲʧţŲţ˵벻ˣ
ֻһ˿ģʶһŨͺڰ֮Уͬ»ҰһĿĵεš
ģ˭
˿ʶظ⣬˵֣ޱ߼ʵﲻϻصš
ͻȻһѪɫķĳڰ統УĵѪȻ΢ȴ·һ㡣
ģԽԽķβ֣֮ƺҶеǸѾ쵽硣
ֻЩĲû۳ӣ۳һˣ
֮Ʈһ˿ʶҲˣ㿪ʼΧȫɷĹɵǲظŵҲ任֣˭
Ծ䶯ţ˵ԽԽԽԽ壬ֱڳΪһˣ˵ȻҶ
ڣ˵¶һ˿ааЦݣſ͵Ҷ
һ˿ʶȻʮֵĶ죺Ҷ˭
ҲҶҾ㣬ң
ҲҶҲҶҲҶ
˿ʶʼظƺԶظȥϵЦȴԽԽŨȻʱȻһƺڰжȻ
ƺߣʱʶֹͣظͬʱļͬˮһڵӿʶ֮Уʶ
һâ˿ʶʼֱҲһˣˣȻҲҶ
ҶվҶһ˿ŭɫֱ΢ЦȡŶҶϧĿϧֻһˣ
ʶγɵҶɫŭŷҶˣҲҶ㲻ǣ
Ҳ㣬Ϊʲôһ᳤ĺһģһٺ٣ɵˣҾ㣡
ʶҶҡҡͷ㲻ҶѪ
ҶȻЦѪˣѪѾȫںˣһ㣬㻹ң
ʶҶ˫ֶȻ鱧Բһ޽Ȼ֣֪ռҵ壬ϽʧȻĻҶ㲻ˡ
ҶĿ˿Ǳ޽ҡҡͷңͲ֪˶ٴˣڣ㾹ȻսԸң˵ȫսˣսҺΣ
£ָ̧һһѪо޽޽ʱɢʶҶҲǸͬܣȻ˳һ󲽣ؿھš
ҶȻյҶǰааһЦ̫ˣһ죬һȫռ壬ʱһ㿴ʲôŽѪ


710 ֮
ҶȻ۾ȻԼȻԭأǻѾˮʪ͸Ǹմˮ̳һ
ĪԾɱ˫ۣȴǷһ΢ŵƺߣȻղҶʶѹƺߣĪ硣
̣
Ҷ鿴ԼĪæתԴѰ̵ټȻΧȴǿյģźĴ۾ѾټѾ׵Ĵʧһ
Ĺ̣ģ
ҶĺţȻȴû˿ĻӦҲʼԴѪ֮ٻǼĻصѪûдʮʱҲǲܳģԣȫ̵֪Ѿ׵ĻɢˣǱȫͻѪ
ȻڲŤļ٣Ҷͷʱ𣬺ȻһȥһϺɫһţе˲ͻ˻ҽ
Ҷ΢΢һΪԼǰ˸ղԼͬλһΣԼǸȫѪɫ۶ɵҶ
ҶԿ϶ղŵһвΣʵģΪͲ²⵽ѪԼʶҲֹһεǿиԼ꣬ӶռԼ塣
ȻԭѪʶô򵥣ܹγһͬһĴڣҲǸҶ
ĿģȻҲԶ׼ǾǳռԼ壬ȡԼΪҶ
ֻǰѪǰнУȴǱ䱾ĿŵĻԼӣҪö֮ռԼ壬ղŲĪ緢ƺߣԼʶȻѹĻѾﵽĿġ
ҶʶѪĳввԼ˵൱ľ޴ֻҪԼвʶ΢һ㣬ͻ룡
ʱĪѾٴλ˯˹ȥȻղżٵȫγѹΪЩڵͱɵĸɸɾ̫Ը޷ѡ
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һԭǵھͬһɸһСС˿ڣ͸ÿ˿ڶܿƤ֮·۵ªķţ쳣Ŀֲ
˵ǰĪǸɫŮôǹĸҹ档
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ҶĪǧٿ׵ĸţȴһ˿ʹ֮ɫ
ȫںĪò֪ĪԼȴܲں⸱ģʱҶһ顣
̾˿Ҷʱ׿ЩͷĪӦûһʱѣԼÿԳʱ俴Լڵ
˵ʵǸҶʽ֣ƺ൱ѪҶսⳡսҶûжٵܹӮ
ô˵ҲΪԼƴһս
ȷܰȫ֮Ҷ۾ʶԼ塣
ʶ֮е龰ҶĿɿڴֱԼڡ
һѪɫķ۶ɵӣبԼ֮УϴԺɫӤ½ӵѪ
֮ݣ
ʲô־Ǻ»ǻ£
ҶһƬãȻһͷˮ֮·УûʦϸָҲû˵ľԽΣ֪֮ݳ塣
Ҷûκβ֮Уˬ棬ȡ֮֮һ޾
˼֮УҶȻħ첻ǰո˵һ
ҪľǽԴȪҲãѪҲգҲգ뾡취ȫƶ֮У
겻ͬʱ״̬ʩչ꼼
ܷ֮ݣȻԼԴȪôǷʹͨӣͿõѪȵȫƵ֮أ
ܣ
뵽㣬Ҷ΢һЩ˵ĻôԼȻҲ֮ӴȻ޷ʹû꼼ٿԸõĿѪв
Ҷܡ
ʱеĪٴηһ΢ҺҶ֣Ҷ˹ȻۿĪ硣
ĪǳĽë΢΢ţ˵ѹˣ
ҶһĪ֪ԼԼҲԶչȻ㲻ôֻˡ


711 ĺǻ
Ī۾ӳȻҶŴºЦݵҲӦһЦݵʱͻȻ֮뵽ԼϵЩæԼȥ
һ̣ҶץסĪ֣ջסˡ
綼Ҫ֪֪
ĪԼ˫ֶȻһҵĲһԼϻƶš
ȫ֮˫ֽסԼҲʼ˾ҵĲͷȥзһļС
Ҷ˫֣סĪƣᵫȴĽ˫ָ߬ģ磬ȱżѹֻʱģ˵а취ЩˣȻа취ָԭֻȻں֮Уͷû㹻ĲȥһЩҩǻصȸ½֮ҾռϣȻƳҩͿԻָԭˣ
ҶУĪƽҶĻĪġ
ΪϵЩֲȷʵѾûˣ˵ҶûƭԼôҲĿ϶а취Լָԭ
ĪȻ̧ͷԼԼоģʵûȥԼˡ
ȻʱҶȴס°ͣ΢΢ͽ
˫ĿԣĪҪҶĿ⣬ڷԼ޷㿪֮ҲҶ
ĪĿһֻ˾ŵӣƮƺҶĿ֮Ѱʲô
ҶɫƽĿ֮иǰйᣬͬһůĪ᳹׵İ
Ŀע֮£Īûпκεų⣬ܵŨŨİͰȫİ
Ҷ˫֣ĪĸţȻͻȻ䲻ĵͷȥԼ˫ӡĪ˫֮ϡ
ȻĪԸˬʣҵ׷ҶǹȴȻǸ߶صŮԣҶʶôã˫ĹϵѾ֮ȴҲֻйǣֺӵûйֱӶǡ
ˣҶ䲻һǣĪʱ͸ƻзɬҪƿ촽ȴ᲻뿪ư͵ıҶסˣ
˹ͬĳǣȻеɬȻе㽩Ӳȴ̺ŨĻİ⡣
ڣ˵촽˿ʱĪѾͬڶһƬͨ죬Դ̧ͷ
Ҷٴ֣Īӵ뻳УĶĵ磬ңǵҸŸոտʼ
ʱ˿̣ĪʱԼҶůʵĻ֮Уĵ˵ͷҸı۾
ģ˵ĺ֮ϣһű˴˵İӵһ涨㡣
ĪҶͻȻһ뵽һ취ҲܹʱĪ仯
֮ˮ
λ˽̸Ҷġ֮ˮĹĸı˵òȻĪϣ൱ڶ壬ˣܹĪʱûôʹʧ䡣
ҶҲ֪ĪǷЧԲûиȻĽԼ˳˫֣Īڣϻ
ȻƬ֮Ҷε̾˿ΪĪϵ˿ʵ̫࣬ҸɼǣǸıòҲԾǿӿݵģûʲô̫Ĳֻͬա
ҶĽĪ̧𣬿۾磬Ӧһ£
ʲô£
ңһܹҽκڴ֮ǰϣ㲻Ҫȥվӡ
Ī΢΢һõʵѩȻ֪Ҷ仰˼ģĵ˵ͷҴӦ㣬Ҳó֮κ˿ڵ
ԣҶЦĪıϹһµȻֻܿ뿪ʱҸһɴȴš
Ҷĺǻ֮£ĪתҶа취κԼ޲ܻ̾صȸ½ȻҶ˼ƺٴһʱ䡣
ˣĪ粻ʵѵڲ𣿡
Ī緢Ҷ龹ȻΪԼð
ҶҡҡͷڲߣٵʮʱΪҪȷһһλѵİΣ
λѣǰʦ𣿡
ǰһ̵ķǳɰŮǳļһȴһ˫Ķ䣬˵ԼԾ塭


712 
Ī˽ҶҶйޱĸԼ֪֮ҶԼģʱ򣬴ҶĿͻȻᵽһŮ֣ûƢĵš
ĪҶй̵֮Ѿ޳һˣίʵû뵽ΪԼȻһŮʧȥΡ
ĹģĲ𣿡
ҶĪ§ĸһ㣬ɬҡҡͷҲ֪ǰʧˣֻеȵٹʮʱԿܷٻ
Ī磬Ҷûκε°ѪڣϸĸΪģҶ˵ĶǺõķ棬ѪҪԼ飬ȴһ㶼û˵
˭Ҳû˵˴ӵȴţȴûǰ飬ǳ˵ĺ
ʮʱһζţҶĪڷ˿˴˾Ķһ֮Ҷ۾ʼٻ̡
һٻ
ٻ
ʮٻ
һʱ֮Ҷ۾ϳʧĪ翴ɫ֪ˣ˫۲ٴη죬Ȼ̲סʵҪ԰ɣ
ӷΪ˰ǣͬˣҶҲξͽٻˣѾȥһʱ֮ãѪ֮иû˿ѾԶ׼ˡ
Ҷ׼ȰοһĪʱͻȻһϸĶ𣺡
Ҷ˫۶ȻĻӦĹ𣿡
һԵĪȻҶĻȴҲ˫ۣסͣεĶҶ
Ƭ֮ãǸ΢ٴ𣺡ҡһû𣿡
򵥵һ仰˵˰˵ֻ꣬ҪԷţҶ˷ܲˣæĹûֻܵʵ̫أҪúϽ˵ˡ
ȻȴǺܿ˻Ӧûˣǡҵˣۣ˯ˡ
ȵȣҶæż׷ʵĹ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ƭ̹ȥ̵𣺡񡭡ľ
˵֮ƾҶѯʣ̵ȴҲû𣬲Ҷȴ΢һ㣬Ϊ²⣬Ӧ̫˳˯֮С
ֳ˯Ȼûкôٲ׵ɢ
ΪʲôܹȻŵԭҶҲ뵽ˣӦǺǸ֮ݣ˵ǺѪǸĵԼйأ
ЩģҶǵúԼǣҦɽǵ֮ϿѪµһڷӡӡ
ղԼΪһҪȻ̣鼱֮£ѪѪʶ׵ĳ֣Ҳǽ̱ɢסˡ
Īһֱһ԰ĵȴţҶڲ˵ˣСʵĹĻ𣿡
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣĵ˵ͷţֻΣգҪҵ˲ܾ
Ǿ壬𣿡
ûСҶҡҡͷǵ磬磬Ӧǽľ磬һ÷ǳľӦܹҵ磬ҵ˵ġ
ҶܣһҪȻĹ
һģҶὫĪɢһ縷˿еĶˣȻĹʱû£Ҳ뿪ˣȥ͵ĸĸͺϸ磬أңҵĸҲڣ
ģ𣿡ĪϲǺȻһУ
ҶĿôˣ
ȻҶѾĪ֮ˣĪʼմڳ˯״̬ʮʱ֮ǰѵڣҶҲûи˵ԼЩӵľȻ֪սǵ顣
Ī羪еԭȴΪԼĸĸΪҶĸף
ĪƴҡͷҶܣңȲĸףȵһָ֮ټ𣿡
ҶĸףĪδĹһμԼĹȴһֲĵݣĪ統ȻԸˡ
ҶȻҲ֪Ī뷨̲סص̾˿Ϊûа취ܹκĪǴʱֲ˵ʵֻЦŵûµģҲûмҸˣҲǸոѣ˵ȥˣܲݼģҸ׺ܺ˵ģκβġ
Ҷͽµ龭˵˳Ī֮ȻԼ뷨뵽ҶΪ˾ԼȻʱ׷һߣͳԼݸ飬Լʵ޷ټˡ
ǡ
飬ĪҶŷ͵ķȥ


713 
׷ѰֺеһʱҶ׼ߵķ׷ĿģԵŪԼλ֮󣬲֪Ȼײ֮£˺ͷ͵֮ľ롣
ٶȣĪ磬µʱҲԸϵʱ£ʡһ£
뵽ԼԼѾѵĸףҶǺ޲˲ܸϵ͵Ҳǲ߲ݵȫ·ϣһ㵽
ҶļĪȴǳìܣһҲǳҶĸףȻҶ˶ѾˣҲĬԼҶ֮ĹϵǱϾ»øĸ˵㣬ΪҶĸףĵλҶκ˶޷ȡҲҪġ
һ棬ԼڵȴĪ粻Ҷĸס
ȻҶʮƶײôǳĻòȡˣĪȴҲͬĸ׵ģϣԼĶܹȢһأ
ԼûлݵʱҲҿ϶Ҷĸ׻Լϱʮ⣬˵ڵ⸱ˣ
ǲìܣʱĹȥҶĪ绹ǵ˷͵
ҶĪ磬ֱǸСӸְĪһɴȻס֣һЦݵǽӰɣ
ʱĪҲǲܵˣֻӲͷƤ˵ͷͷͬС¹ײһ㣬Ҷǣ֣ȥ
ոڣҶĪͬʱͣ˽Ų˶Ŀ֮ŵһߴʮ׵ľ޴ͭ
̵һˣòʣһ˫龧ʯǶ۾䣬񣬹֮侹Ȼһбµơ
·¯۴ִ㣬ƣΪƽ˼غ͸߹
ȻҶ
ҶĿ࣬ЦѣԼϴʱûκεû뵽ʱȥﾹȻһԼĵ
ĪҲΪҶĵһ˿ЦݣҶϲҶܳɣҲȥ㣬ԺҪౣҰ
Լİ˾Ȼܹõ˵𾴺ͰĪȻҲǳԺۡ
ҶЦõĵ磬ͱ٩ˣ϶Ǹɵģʲô
ȷӵģΪǵУҶ͵ǻɣȫ٣һµôĽӣʵ޷Ҷĸм֮飬ΪҶչݡ
ҶٴοһԼĵʵôôŤæĪ磬߽ӡ
һԳͻַ֮ÿ˵϶ŷĵҸ
ȻҶĪ綼뾡ܵĵ͵ҪϾע⣬ԸΥǸո֮󣬾ͱ˳
һЩնʮϵȥҶĵոһգѽҶòļˣĪϻһɫɴǳۣȻһ۾ͱ˳
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ĽҶĪΧҸ鼤ͷͰݣŪ޴롣
ʱɵȺ֮⴫˹ҶС磬ҶС磬𣿡
ȺԶÿһ·ڶӵĲ֮£˽Ҷ֮󣬼̾Ҫһ£ȴҶֱָס˵ɣҿɵͷ˰
ɼæվֱ˵ˣˣҶС磬ˣԴ뿪֮ǾһֱܻһҪסһʱ䣬ҲˣôҲùߣߣȥǣ
ҶҪȥɼңΪսǶסȻûƴǣҲΧȺĵλǶȻȥɣͣʱһԷ
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ҶȻһ鶸ȻüʵɣңҸף𣿡


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ȻҶ뿪ʱʦο˵Ӧܹڰ֮䣬⿪ҶƷɱӡ꣬Ҷȴȫţˣʳʱǽŵ˼㡣
ЦǺǵĵͷˣˣһ֮ǰĸ׾ѹˣΪѵıԤʱǰһ£һµʱ֮󣬿Ծɲž뿪ġ
ҶѾȫûעɺĻˣΪĶֻ֮֡ˣ
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ҶͬıһһվԲЦ֮⣬סĪ֡
ʱ˿̣ĪĸˣҲҶȻҲҶеˣͬʱҲңԼԲڣĿǰ⸱ģһΰݼԼδĹˡ
Ƭ֮ҶڴϢлعæ׷ʵɣû˵ȥˣ
֮ǰΪִأЦеĵ˵֮󣬵ʾҪȥ½㣬ϵͬģϵܷȴǼԣҪȻȸ½
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ⷬҶӿůĪҲЦ⣬ԼĸܹҶĸףĺ£
֪ԼĸѾѣһתȸ½ҶǹƼˣȻڷ͵ϴȥֻܴҴɵĺ⣬ĪٴηɵУ˻ؼ֮·

ҶҶң
ҶϴλؼңѾ˴֮ãؽˣǰҶԪҲڻصҶңҴҶΪȺ޼ڵϢ
һϢҶ¶ȸԾѣȻÿһҶ˺Ҷ֮ʵ඼ԽԽ󣬵ѪŨˮ鲢û֮ľ룬ҶȻǵֶǵˣǵжΪҶеԺ
ҶԪڴ֮У·վҶ츸ӺҶڸӡ
ԴҶ뿪ҶԪҲǰ֮Ҷҵһ鶼ԸӸ֧
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ʱ˿̣ǾҶԪ㱨ЩҶҵ
ҶԪЦ֮۾Լӿ֮ɫĲԺЩ¾Ͳٸ˵ˣ֮죬Ҷҵļе㶼Լˡ
Ҷһʱס׼չ𣿡
Ҷİ֮£ҶԪʳ˳𵤣Ѿɹ˳Ҷ컹ΪҪչߵľ硣
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Ҷ첻ʵǵΪʲô
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Щ֮⣬ҶһԺ֮УһòҲ͵۾ԭޱϸֳһ㵭ɱ


715 Ѱ
ŵļҶҶҵˣĽҾ㿼֮Ҷҵߣÿ˵ľ綼ӡʮأȻʲôʵССҶݷ˵Ǹˡ
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зͷЦĵҽֺУǲҶļң
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֮׿ԽҶΣһֳѰˣһܵεѹ֮󣬾Ȼвһ˿Ϥ
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716 ͽ
ڵҶͲǵǸСׯԺˣͬһǳһľˣҪڶʱټˣȻһǲڽƵź˲ٸҶҡ
ÿ˵ϻ϶һ˵ҶԪһ£ҶҶֵѾԾ˳ȥɫĹâֱʣźХ֮ҫ۵Ļڿը˿
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ҶֵܶҲǴŸԵĶӳ˳ȥҲתߣȴҶԪˡ
ɣȵȣ
ͣ½ŲɻĿҶԪ߶һ֮ԾȵĿʵɣѾ۳ˣ
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һҶŵ꣬ˣȻպǰ;ûǿĻҲزۣҶԪʵǲϣɻδңԲŻ˶Ϊǽ
ҶԪĻ΢΢һ̶ҶԪģȻжȴΪԴǶ˵ֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
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뵽Щ˵Ѿð˾⣬ʶԼͬҶҿ¶ڽˡ
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ۿҶԪҪֺ֣֮ʱҶԪͻȻһɴԼ֮ϣһģһһ
һǵ̹⿰ҶԪĶ߲һɼǵѪۣҶԪҲ˵þȣ
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ҶԪӹŹһȦȻδȴ֪ղԼһʼվԼɣʱβֺзɣȻĻɱɡ
ҶԪ׼վȥסɵʱȴһվ˳ɱȻ˫֮޵ĹâĶֺеɮʲôˣ
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ֺеĻشһЦɼˣʦɱͽܣ죬ͽܾҪʦɱ㣡


717 һģһս
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ʱǽ֮ҶҵˣϤɻǲϤɵˣĿɿڴעΪʵ޷⣬ģںͳֺһϸߵͣ
Ѿ֪˳ҶԪҲ뷨ͳ֮ʵǱؼľ붼Ҫö࣬ȫ
ҶԪæߵɵߣСĵɣղôӦҵģѵ𣬸Ͻ£㲻Ķ֣
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ҶԪҲûɵĶȻԼΪȡʱ䣬ôȻװ˷ѣҶԪҲȻԼĶȥ֪ͨˣûߣ
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Ҷҳǽ֮Ϲս˿ɾȻʩչ˺ֺͬսֺҲȻе𾪣ȴûжʲôΪǵľ粻ڳĸҲȫ˽⣬ҲֻǸֺͱ
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ֺеĳ׷յ΢΢һɣɵı飬ȻĽɸĥ
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ҶȻϵҪȥԸֺУæҪȰ裬ȻҶԪ۾һɵҶǶ֣ȥ񲻸Ͻߣ
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ҶԪ΢΢һЦҵȷǶ֣ΪҶҶսҪӵĻպкˣ˵ˣߣ
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ҶԪһͷãϸ磬ܽҲĻǾٺȸʹ죡ߣ
˵һͷ֮󣬱ֺг˹ȥ
ǸոŲͿɵͻȻһɫĹâ죬ԱԶԶȥ·ǵڶһտ


719 쳾
ڶĳ֣ϵЩ̴ѿޣҲָɣȻأͷ죬ŲȴأޱעֺС
˿̵ֺȴǱһ㣬վ˫ԲɣĶƬ죬߽ͬһĵ࣬Ȼǳ࣡
ѾɲסεҶԪȻ֪ʲô࣬ȴҲͬͷ֮ϵƬ𺳵˼¡
ֺʵǺһߴһ٣౾ǼΪģȻԼȴڶ̶̵ļʱ֮нÿһ໹Ǿ֮ǣȫԼĵˡ
ӣүҪԼ
Ϭ˵ƴ䣬ĮĶֺеֺУⲻʲô࣬ҵĳ
ʲôĳ
ȻһƬ죬ֺиǼδδţһʱ֮޷⣬쳾ֻʲôԣ
ȴٴҡҡͷ㲻Ҫɱ𣿼ְ
仰ҶԪҲڻعɵĵʵ̫˰ɣΪʲôŸղֺ𾪵ĻֹҲлʤĿܣ
ҪֺУ֣ѵ˵ľűʤİ
ֺҲһ±һ˫ͬʱȻ̧𣬵ʱѿѷ죬ÿѷ֮жһ׳
ɲ֮䣬Բ֮ڶ磬ɵӰЩ޴ڱ֮£ȫˡ
ȴҲʱһ𣬰ͷ֮ⱩǣԭѾѷĵ澹ȻٴѿҲ˳
һ£ֺסˣҶԪҲĿ࣬벻ΪʲôɵĹʽȻֺһģһ
ʱҶԪĶͻȻɴŵ㽹үүǿ߰Ҽֲ˶ˣ
ҶԪȻһ𣬸ղΪֺܹУԭʵͲֺеĶ֣ĿҲֻΪ˲סֺУӶԼȡ㹻ʱߡ
ɵ֮ҶԪЦɣ㲻ǶͽܣͬҲҶҵˣôһȥ¾սһһߣסУ
Ǹ˰˭ҲߣкҶйص˶Ҫ
ֺͻȻ쳤ХХδ䣬ɵ̸оµĴضʼЩվڳǽ֮ϵ˸оӵǵҪһغǽҡҷʯµ䡣
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ڣһ޴֮Ҷ֮еĵȻ޴ޱȣͬһСɽһ㡣
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ЩһǾ޴һҶЩɢܵǸû˿ķֻ֮Ҫסͱɡ
̶Ƭ֮䣬ҶѾʮ֮¡
һĻҶԪ۾ˣߵľŵ˵ϸ磬ȥˣȥɡ
ŵȻҲȥɶԸֺУﶼףڸִЩʱֻܸһҧһţתҶҳ˹ȥ
ǽ֮ϵҲ׷׿ʼԺǽ֮ȥűȻȥ
ֺȴǵķЦҶ˵ˣǵʬ彫͸ҶһݴǲҪˣˣǰɣ㲻ܹʩչһսôʩչˣбҲŪһ
ɴ˿ڷĶЩ׷ϮȻҶҵȴҲ޿κΣԼԱˣܹȥЩأ
ҶԪڳ˹˫֮ϻ淭ǲҪǮһûĳЩ˹ȥ
ĳǾŵ֮ȻĿǰֻһǵؼ¶ҲǲСȻĵȼ˼
֮𣬿ԭټһƬֻҪһȼô̾ͻӶȥ
ֺЦһƾ棬Ըңɣ
һ֣һ̺ݺݵĳҶԪǻûȳҶԪҶԪǰĵȻѿͬһǡûסҶԪ壬ٴξһ
ҶԪȻֱʧⲢûнΪ澹ȻҲʼ˾ҵĶҶԪֺеľ֮УҲһ趯ơ
ɾȻҲʩչͬսֺֻеСʮֹȻҲСࡣ
ֺе۾ȻԲ֮ϣԼɵ㣬ģ±˵ս


720 ̬
Ҷ֮кŰ޴ֺпԿ϶ֻ֮ԼһܹʩչȻɾȻҲʩչ˳ٽǰԼЩʱɻʶˣʼģԼս
ʵˣ
ȻҶΪʦҶûн̹κεĹսڹȻ۳˳ȴǸս
һֿ߶еȺĽǾܹģ±˵ս
ֻҪʩչսܹèģ³ҲΪʲôʼնڱ״̬ڲϵֺУȻȵʩչս֮Լٽģ£Ӷ
ϧǣȻܹһ˿ģ³˵սܵʵӰ죬޷ģ³սӳǿֺĳֵʱģսֺʲôʵԵ˺
ˣʵȴԽսĳֺУһȥҲʦҶˡ
ò˵ɵ츳ǼΪ̬ģҶܹӵģôҶﻹҪȥѰʲôսսƾͬʱٿ֮ԼͬҪĶģκս±˻ҪĶ࣡
˿ֺ̱һԼܣɲû¶ʲôȵ飬ĵҸղž͸߹ˣĲʲô࣬ҵĳ

ֺٴͷϿյƬ죬ȻȻĳǾӣ
˰ɣ
ɵĳȻһ澵ӣʵͨķ䣬ӵģսҾ죬ֳȻ죬˲ΪĳһƬ졣
ֺеɻõ˽ɱŵСС;ʵɳһ󻼣±ӣǾӲ˵ˣ
Ҹû׼ӣ
£ͻȻ˫ȻӶʱһŨҵĻ֮ȼΧֺܵЩ
ȻģµҶԪոʩչսˡ
ŻķѾ͵ҶԪ˫ִһƣҶԪ˳׿⣬ͬʱүү߰
ҶԪ׶Ť֪Ѿű֮סֺУӶԼߣԼôܹĿǰ;ĺӣԼǰ
ߣľ͹ӵһƬ⣡
ߣǲߣ
ҶԪȻ췢һХͷ֮ϺȻһŻ棬û뵽ֻ밮ȻͻƵ˳صľ磬ҲȥˣҲܶɲܡ
ɣүͺֺƴˣ
ҲˣҶԪǲܶԼߵģҲֻεĵͷãƴˣ
һһ٣ͬʱֺг˹ȥ
ͬʱҶ֮ҲƲңȻеĳֶѾɢŽ޴ΧǾͬһȺһ޷Կ
ǳǸԳĻҹ֮ϣȫ첻κε˺ʶһ㣬׺ݵĹˡ
ҼҪҲܹ죬ӳҶңҲһѽץȻֱɱ
һ̣ҶǱսѪɺӣʬҰϴӡ廢Ϲ֮ʱҪҰٱ
ϾʱҶ࣬Ѿ˽ǧˣεĹһλĸ֡
ҶӱҶСĺҶҶںҶҶҶֵܣһھźֵܵı֮£ƴⴳȥ
ò׸ϵſڣȴһ޴ֱӲס£ݺݵĽˤ˳ȥ
ǴһܲĳԼֵܣҲ֮ͣ˽ŲҶĽѾŵɫҰ׵ҶݵҶǰССǵãӳȥҵǵĶ磡
󲮣ǲߣ
ҶѪϲ˼֮ɫղҲһУҿüʱѡ
ҶһƨϣϽҹ
ҶĿǿĿԼĸףһû׵ĻõܴܵߣҪһ𡣡
ҶȻҶ΢ЦŵСǲüǵ˵ֻսܵҶңûҶңڵȷǰˣǲ䣬ǱҪСߣлս֪֪
磡Ҷ֣˫ѾʪȻؽҧˮȻֹסµ
Ҷ̧һţȴͬҶԴС֪㲻Ҫչĵܵãǣ
ҡ
໡
ͻȻһǺҶĻ˵ľʱΪ֮һ𣬶Ҷϵˮ˲˷ˣ


721 
֪ҶˣʮҶһͷ޺ǣֻҪǺڵĵطҶȻҲڣԺǵĽŻ˶ΪҶˡ
Ǻе˷ܺͼİҶҵˣȴһ˵ĵӶҪˣȻֺС
ֺ֪ԼҶĶ֣ҲԼĸһգһ뵽ҶˣûеӼˣûǸղŶ˵Ļ˭ӣΨܣ
ɣպпܻɱҶҪµĴڣԱҪûгɳ֮ǰɱ
ֺһŽҶԪ˳ȥһУһɾ޴ʱɸ˿У޷
ɣСӣ
ֺеһЦ˫֮ݺݵɵȥ
ЩֻҪɵ壬ȻὫһɸӣԱɡ
ڼɵȴƽˣ˫ֱĶֺУû˿η֮ɫ
ֺжԼһǳģȻһĻȴٴη
꣡
һɹĶɵ壬һ޴Ѫļ֮ſʱһȴͻȻ˿֮һ͸Ĺһ滹մȾŰ߰Ѫ˲ͽ
Ҳ׼ʱͱķѣֱʧӰ١
ɻͷɢҿ޷趯˫֮Ҳâֱֺеϡ
ʱֺľ֮ɫ㶵ͻȻгǾˣ
˵仰̳֮û˿ԥĻһɫĹâԶȥ
ͬʱʥӰδɵԣ˫Ŀ֮ͬ䣬עɡ
ߣͻȻܳһ⣬ͬһ㣬ڴ֮׷ſֺеټ˳ȥ
ȻǺǣ
ֺиոյҶҵʱ򣬰ս֮ҶҸϣոǰͲΪңʶҶ⵽˹ԺսǴ˸кȾͳ˳ȥû뵽ȴҲӷ֮д˳ȥվ˰ļ֮ϡ
սȻҲһ𣬵ڲ֪Ҷҵ˶ٵ˹֮£ǵҶƷɵİȫ˾ڷ֮бҶƷɣҶĳŵһԼսԲҶƷκε⡣
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Ҷ֮⣬𾴺ϲ˾ҪˣԿԵĸеġ
ȴе֣üͷ΢΢ԾɾĿɣֱܵǰ¶һ˿ЦݣȻɫϾĵͷɣҶҳʲô£
˸ֺУղˡ
һˣ
ĵͷȴ¶һ޺֮ɫϧûˡ
ٴĿһۣȻתͷѾҪɷҶҵߣȥҶҵ
ʦȥȥүү
仰֮˸ղűֺǰݺ߷ڲԶҶԪ
ɵıӰϵʮֵĹŹ֣תҶҳȥ
ֺеߣµ޴ȻҲ֮ʧǾ˵ƻȴǲ㽫ҶҸΪƽء
Ϻ˵ĶˣеѾˣеȻûҲвϵķʹ
һսȻֺֻһˣҶȴ൱ʹĴۣǰļʱϻأ½ҶĻʧ
վſڵҶ˿æӭȥҲ֪ҶĹϵҶֱʵʦҶأ
Ҷʱе£Ӧþͻˣиϻû뵽һһԲ𣡡
ǳǸΣҶôԼԼȻиҶ˴ʧ
ȻҶûлҶҵ˶еʧĵǸҶ켱æֵʦˣʱе˶Ҫ
صҡҡͷҶʩʱ뿪Ҷң㿴ʲôҪҰæĵطܿڡ
ҶתͷһɨҶңȵϲ˲ͱʹ棬Űֵʦʧˡ
ܣȥˣˣأССȥǵү
ҶĻ˵һͣ˸Ƕ˫۴͵ĿŲԶ֮߹ҶԪĿⲢͣҶԪϣǼڲҶԪǸ˵ϣ


722 ƺ
ҹĻ٣Ҷ֮ȼٸѣҶյĵƻͨ
һһѵķ֮ϣӰսҶϣԴԴϵҶҸǶǸˣ֪ҶϮϢ֮󣬵һʱԮṩ
һҶҵʧأټļҵΪƽأǽӽҶԪˡ
õҶҴ֮ϣ˿ѾۼҶҵĴ󲿷ˣÿ˵鶼ޱȵغͱ촽һֱߣ˭ҲԸ˵
ò˵ҶܵĴǰǴΣҪǸеŭ⵹ҲΪ˾ӡ
ԭ˶ΪҶֻҪҶôԶ˥ȥ˸ҶҶҷ𹥻ȻѪܵʵ˶ˣ뷨Ƕôɡ
ȻҶĴڣ˶һ޴壬Щһе֮ͽֺУ˲Ҫ࣬ÿһ׵ĻҶҡ
ˣڰҶǰģƺ֮⣬иϾδǲܽеϣеΣҶҵδͳͳѹҶϡ
ֻǾȥָЩʲôܱ֤ƵŵĲҾ粻ٴγأ
ÿҶҵ˶ڿ˼Ĵ𰸣

Ī翴⼸ɫԽԽϾҶеɻ󣬲ôˣۿѾ뵽ȸ½ϿգܿҪִҶҵʱʵ̲סѯʵҶܣ⼸ôˣǲ뵽ʲô£
ҶǿļһЦݵûа
ʵҶ֮ԻԽԽţΪԽԽԽԽ죬Ǹµľٴγ֣Ȼ̫Ҳ㹻ļǲǳʲô¡
Ϊ˱Īżһֱû˵
ĪҶʵ̫˽ˣ֪Ϊ˲ԼĲŹ˵ĵҶܣЩҲͨˣʵѾǳҸˣиĸкڲлɽȻҪ㣬ҲΪ쿴̫ҸˣԹҪҵĥѡ
ĪⷬҶĲ͵һʼĪϵǸ֮࣬ѵ˵ĪܵһУүⰲŵ

ҶҡҡͷⲻүҪԼֺԼĳˣĪȫΪԼԵʶֺûԼĪҲͲܵôʹࡣ
ȻҶѾ˵˵й֮顣
֮࣬Ҳûʲô£һˣôͻ⵽ʣֶѡ
Ī𣺡Ҷܣ֪ϵѹܴ󣬵Ӻأʵ̫ͣûа취ֵľǲң㲻Ҫʲô飬ܷȥȫõңҵżֻһҲûʲôġ
Ҷȷʵ꣬ĪȴҶеοͷĪĶͷ֮һµ磬ģҿ϶κģʵûʲôѹ뵽ףеŶѡ
ĪݸһЦû˵ֻǽͷĿҶţ۾
һʱ֮Ҷ𣺡磬ǾͿ쵽ˣ
ûĪҶĻ̧ͷͻȻ͸оҶ͵һҲҵĪҲ֮һ𣬼æ̧ͷ·һ֮£Ҳסˡ
ṩæƵĹģƺΰҶңѾȻ޴棬ǰֻһѶѵĶԫбںʹƬķ棡
Ҷ˵ҧأȻӿ죬һȥ
֮УҶԪսҶ㱨Ҷһһʮˣߴﵽİٶˣ˵оʮˣڲƲʧûͳƳ
ҶԪ˰֣ɫ԰׵¶ŨŨƣǮЩͳˣҪǸϽ˵ˡ
ǣѾ֪ͨǵҶˣһСû׼ǸֺлȥǣҲ͵㵤ҩ
Ķԣǵ˵һһжΪأֺɱ޹ĻֻҪ־ͶҪ֡
֪ˣϽϢȥɣҲᡣ
û£û£
ҶԪҡҡͷһҹ֮䣬׵ͷѾȫףȥֲ˲١
Ҷ챾Ȱ˵ģ̫Ҳ˽Լ׵Ըֻܻ˸ʵ£ҪҪȥȺ֪ͨһ¶
ҶԪ΢΢ҪҪ﷢͸˵һƽСһֺеˣҵĶǸֺеĶ֣
ո£һɱͻȻӴ֮⴫ֺУҪʬΣ
ڵ˲΢΢һҶԪһعеǶ

ȫ˳ȥ


723 һ
ȵ˳֮󣬿վһͷɴŮӣ̧ͷգ֮ϣһӰٵĻʣʧҹĻ֮С
磡
ĪһϳվľԼŮĪ磬ϲĽг
ĪҶڿзҶҳֱ֮̾ӷڴ֮⣬ȥĶԻ䵱ҶԪһ仰˵֮Ҷ˫ȭѾսĪһۣ߻ĵ˵ͷ
ĪȻ֪ҶҪʲôȻҲҶȴףʱסҶеŭйκκôԲͷ֧ȥ顣
ҶͶԣȥ׷ɱֺˡ
ĸ׵Ī岻΢΢һͷһʱȴҹȥȻվԭԥ
һĻټǰ˵Ƿ׵ĻսѾȫԿ϶Īһʲô⣬ʱΪ֮һĪĪߣ˵ֱӽ§˻
ſĸ׵ĻУĪٴ˳
սҲ˹ȥԼŮȻ֮гᣬɫȴһƬ࣬ͬ鼱꣬һῴգһῴĪ磬ȫ֪׷ʲô顣
ֻаһ֪ڿҶεһ̣ҲȥȴסˣΪֺлٴλҶңսҲȻֺеĶ֣ҶңֱҶ
еҶȻ̧ͷգҲȥĪ羿ʲôǴĪڵ״̬ϣȴֻܰסĵɻ󣬾ĵȴš
ĪʶģȻίڼĸһ̣ʵ޷ѹֶȫͷ˳ȴҲ֪˶һҪѯԼڿƬ֮󣬾ֹסᣬĸ׵Ļ̧ͷ
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Īߵһλòǵ˵ǰһ׵
ˣȻҶĸҶƷɣȻĪûмǴҶżƵϾ׵жϳݡ
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仰ĪĲһ£ȻҶƷѾɲҳԼ
սʼĬĬһעĪΪʼͷϵɴʶĪܳʲô£ô˵棬Ҳ޷ѯʡ
ڣĪ˴к֮ŽԼҶһľ򵥵˵һ飬ԼйҶѪܣȴֻδᡣ
ĪҶ˶̧ͷҹգҶȴǿڵλʩ赣ҶֺȻʵǿԲҶĶ֣οѾ׷ȥ֣ǲκˡ
ڰȰ˵֮£˶ص˴ֻҶƷһԾվ棬̧ͷҹգ겻û뵽㾹Ȼɳô죬Ҳܹҵĸף

Ҷĺ󷽾Ǽȸ½ɽ
ֺھδ֮£ȻǴߣķɽڵ϶׷ĺǣֱӵĴɭ֣뵽ɽɽ׷š
ɭֵҶΪأΪԽߣԽޣȻʱ˿̣Ƿ·һͷԶŹޣ֮˵޲ҿǰˣЩϡе޶ŵжԶԶҳ֡
ǺҶѣֵܣȻҲǽҶҵԼļһҶҵĲ״֮ʱֺеĺޣԲκһҶˣ¶˾ģҲҪɱֺУΪҶҳ󻼡
ƣڱֺûзֺǵ׷ϣӳȥ֮ڿ·˸ĺӰȻӵĺ£ΪΪǵߣȻҶ
ַɳȥֺ֮ͻȻ˹ҶĸںߵĻΪʲôɵ׷ԼҪڵźأ
ȻҶûиʼ׷ԼģֻͷǶѣ
ֺ֮ͨоͲˣҶ°ǾԲһޣǡǡ෴޻¶Ǳ̷ܹĻǳԼʵ
ǻƽȮۣͷСҰǣȻʼ׷ңѰ·ҶĹϵҲɱ㣬ܹҶʹ࣬Ϊãһõ飬ٺ٣ҿɲģ
ֺдӿЦĿ̰ĿѾŻٶȣԼ߹ĺǣ


724 սֺ
ͣΣηĺֺжţԵ֮Уһƺ¶һ˿ͳŪ
ֺȻûвһЦСǰСǣôңԼģֲҰҲ֣źúõı޲ҪܳһΪ飬Ҷеϧ
Ȼ޵ʵҲǿޱȣֺжԼصʵȴżģֻҪǵƷûдﵽƷôͲԼĶ֡
ֺ֮УרŸѰҸָ߼ޣĵʮȸ½֮Ʒ׳ƷıޣָΪǵƷܹƷ
ʵҲˣںҶֵʱֻƷ޶ѣʱȥû֪ʵûɳʲôľ硣
ֺƺڱصõǵ¶˳ЦſͣԵֺУİ
ǵͻȻڣֺе⣬ȴҲûзϣһЦȻԸ㻹Ǵ´࣡
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ǻ䣬ӴѾ߸Ծֱֺ˹ȥ
ֺʱﻹڲϵĵ٩ţ㶼ˣôͬҰ޵Ĺʽһң㻹ᶯؼ֮
ֺеĵ٩ȻûȤ˵ʲôڿУͻȻſͣһڹâ
ϢֺһЦ幥ǿˣϧ󰡣
䣡
ֺվԭضûжŹâײԼϣУâըֺ
ʱѾ䵽ֺеͷǰצצ֮ϵָͻȻǳһ࣬â˸һݺݵȥ
ֺ˵ɣʵСԴڱܵĹʽΪļӲ̶ȣԳͬ׵࣬ҼӲǵצӣӵͬһźǲ˹ȥ
ৡһǵצȻ׵Ľ˺˿ȥƲֺץȥ
ֺе΢΢һίʵûϵǵ徹ȻӲ̶ֳȣﻹӲӣæһԶ㿪
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ĴҶﰵһȻе벻ͨΪʲôΪ֪ǲ˵ѵˡ
ֺܹн֣סһʱ䣬ʵҶҲš
ȻҶţҲԽô༶սﵽ˳ؾֺУԼڵʱ򣬺ͰֶֺеĶ֣ο಻ᳬˡ
ҶſʶҪڵ׶ߵΪʶոɵڲ̾ͱһ˳
ȻҶе˳ԾڴڱΣ٣Լ½껣ǵڶĳǿֹʶĿ̽
ֻЩ˸ҶѪӳʥӣ½ʥͯھ죬Ҷίʵû뵽ɵھȻҲ
ɵʮͨǸĺӣ˱ɱֻʣһˣ츳ȷǾ˵ĸߡ
Ҷ˼ʱҶԪ𣺡ֺ׷𣿡
׷ˣҶŰɫĵ˵ͷȻȡֺеԴӵ˵ϣүүֺѾɱ׼ͷΪҶս֮ˣ
ãһ磬ߣ
Ҷ˶ѾһһҹûкϹˣҶЩ˵Ȼû£Щæµʵ綼ߣѾסˣҪúϢһ
˸ɢȥϢҶԼ뿪ģǾȥҰʿɵʲô⡣
һȥ
ҶƷЦŵͷҶļæģҵ㣡
ȻҶƷѾսЩ˵ĿйԼӵ¼Щȫ޷ģ˵ʵֱڣۼ˶ӣȻе㻳ԼǲȻΣһжԵ̫ʵˡ
Ҳֻܹӡصľ磬ԵʱҶҲӡأһҶȻѾﵽ˳ǳΪȸ½һָ֣κһʱ¶޷ܡ
ҶŰһ˵ƫƧ֮Ȳʵ⣿
ûϻش𣬶˺ҶʩһҶ֣Բ𣡡
԰ͻȻǸҶסˣ˵Բʲô
ҹиҶ˴ѣʵ
Ҷһ̧ͷҹ֮и߹ŵȻڵûйʵеĸԴңңҶҲŲ˴أ
Ҷش𣬰һʱ֮Ҳ֪νͣҶԼЦЦˣȻ鶼ѾˣҲûҪȥЩˣ˵˵ǰ°ɣΪʲô⣿
Ҷֺܺн֣ѵ⻹𣿡
ȷ⣬ԴҶֻܿЦŵȻе㲻˼飬ҵĳɳ̺;ڱֻ˭أҲ˰ɣ
ҡҡͷԭҲôģҸϵҶҵʱֺ׼ߣ֮ǰ˵һ仰
ʲô
Ǿˣ
仰ҶǱ׵һ㣬΢΢һΣĵ˳һ
Ǿˣ
仰Ļǹв˼Ͷ˸Ľ͡
⣬ʵֻҪϸ룬ܷɺ½껣ʵ̫ˣ
½껣ΪʥͯΪˣᣬʵȴԶҶͰ֡
ɣʵ½껻ҪС꣬츳ʵܹͳһϸߵͣ
𾪵Ҷûм˵ΪǰֺеǾ仰֮Ҳͬ𾪡
ı⣬ǿ϶Ҫȥ׷ɱֺеģΪ仰òıͷ
ǾˣôŻҶΣա
ҲΪʲôʱʱϵıôֵԭˡ
֮ҶŴлعȻҲԸŵҡҡͷֺֻеһ֮ʣƾʲôжǾˣǸžǾ˵ĻҲǾˣңҶ˶֤Σյʱվ׼ҶҵģԣǾ˵ģ
ҲĬƬ̺㻹ǲǵ߹ҵй½껵
ǵãֻǲ²⡣Ҷ˷ҵй½껵֪ڿԯǸһСɽĺӣҽ¸˰
ǲǲ²⣬ʵΪǸдʬ壬ģҲǵʬǰºģΪǱѩޣ½껵֮Ҿ֪ˣҪҵ֣


731 ĸ׶
⡭
һҶеϢ
ŵ½ʵҲǸĺӣǣ֪ΪʲôͻȻԴ󷢣ɱȫˣȻȻ뿪Ҳ²⣬ҲǱһĳЩûо֮ǰǱˣǵֶ֮ǾͻΪһˣ
˵ʱĿҶһۣҶΪڵͷ˼Բûз֡
̾˿ҡҡͷҲϣǣϾƼ㵱ͽܵģֻǺѣԺԼӷȽϺðɣ
ʵȻҶǲɿǾˣȴҲΪⷬ˵ġ
ڰѣȻ֪Ǻ⣬Եͷһġ
˱˴˳Ĭһ֮󣬰˸ʵӦҪȥѰܹĪİ취˰ɣ費Ҫտһʱ䣿
ĻҶжѣҲ֪Ϊʥӣ㲻ץʱУҲкܶҪԼ˼һֱҶҡ
ˣѾǶлˣҶҲҪõİ취ָг󡣡
ȻҲûм֣ͷõģҾȻؾ´һʱ䣬µĻʱ֪ͨң⣬ʲôʱпȥ˾£ҽǱø㿴
Ҷ˹飬û뵽Ȼš
ֻҶʵûʱȥ£һжõȵԺ˵ˡ
ȷҶʱĲҪԼ֮󣬰ҲֱӺҶǣؾȥˡ
ĿŰ뿪Ҷվԭȴ˼ǧһʱоҳһ𣬸ͷ
ݺݵһţҶԼ׵ס
ȻѾҹȴȻŵƣȻҶƷһֱû˯
ҶԼĽŲøܹ֪Լĵ
Ƕ𣿽ɣ
Ҷƿ˽ȥָǰһ
⸱Ҷİ滭ľԼĸ׶죡
Ҷҵ⣬֪ҶʵȡԼĸ˵ϣԭӦýҶģΪҶֶΪ֣նΪҶ
ԼĸףҶûʲôӡΪ˵Լ֮ûãĸ׾ͲˣΪˣҶ£ΪҶԪԶûκεĺøС
ΨһܹҶ˽ĸ׵ľֻǴӶºʼҶҲʹûпΨҶƷɻᾭóۿ
û뵽ҶƷɸոջصҶңȻֿŻ
ҶҶƷɽеĻȥ΢Цĵ
Ҷߵ׵Ķ£ɨһۻеĸ֮󣬾̧ͷ׵ûʲôʣ
ڶӵĹģҶƷʮֵοİɣѾûκˣҪ˵ʣɳ̫ˣ͵˵˵뿪֮㶼Щ飡
ȻҶƷѾ˵߰˰ˣԼĶ׿˵һ顣
ҶȻֻĽԼľ˵˳ֻΪ˱⸸׵ĵģȻйѪͬҶԪ˵ԼĳɳƵһλ˵ϡ
ȻֻʱûҶʵ̫ˣҴ඼ǲ˼飬˸޷
ҶƷȴҲʮֵ棬мδϹҶһΡ
ȵҶȫ˵֮ɫѾˡ
ҶƷɸпѵĵˣΪңΪǼ壬е͸Ķʵ̫̫ˣ
ⶼӦİ
֪Щ鶼ѾȥˣǾͲ˵ˣ㣬絽ôˣǲǻˣ
ղҶû˵ҶƷܲ²ò⣬ôܻʼմǿɴֱ뿪£
ҶصĵͷǵģҸ˵ˣҿ϶취ȥָòҲȢš
ã
ҶƷͻȻվĿҶҲ˵˺ܶ࣬һΪò٣ҷˣ֧㣡
ʵҶǵĸײͬ⣬û뵽׾ȻԼ̬ȻҪȻе⣬ǵҲԼһʯͷ
ǰСҲû£Щûи㣬㳤ˣҲˣҾãЩ£ʱ֪ˡ
׵ⷬҶ͵һĿӹĸ׵Ļ븸׸òҪ˵йɣ
ȻҶƷɵ𣺡֪㣬Ҷҵˣүүڣǳϲˣʵﲢ


732 ѪѪ
ҶĸףҶ˶ΪɷͶӣ˶ûκεĺӡ󣬶ԴҶƷҲûн͹ҶԪҲֻҡͷ
ȻڣҶίʵûϵ׾ȻῪڸԼʵ˶Լĸס
ҶҲվ˫ĿƵĿŸףȴ˵ȥ
ҶƷɵĿȴϵǸϣḧŻϵĶ죬¶ǻ顣
֮ҶƷɲŻڵҪһ㣬ۺ㣬һҪ㣬㣡
仰ҶͲţ۰ԼĻôԼ֮󣬾Լأ
ʱҶȴҽԼĲ˵
ҶƷɽŵȻȷˣȴǱߵģΪߵĻʱҶҵˣոճڣ˭Ҳ
ʲô
Ҷ˫ĿԲɣֱе޷Ÿ˵Ļĸ׾ȻΪ˱ҶңԼ뿪
˭ĸ׵ģ
Ȼ˵ҶĸײûʲôоĸģѪŨˮȴκ֮¶޷ģ˵Ȼ˸ұĸףĻѾ޷ˡ
ҶƷɿЦҡҡͷż˵꣬һйһ鶼˵ΪⱲӦûȳˣҿĶӣҲܽȳ
ȳ
ȡ֣Ҷŭӵĸˣ޲ø̽е鶼Լ
ҶƷȴ۾ƺ뵽˶µĻ䵱УҶżȴҲҾţֻεĵš
ڣƬ֮ҶƷ۾ղ˵ˣ磬û뵽ʵ֮⣬бأ
Ҷٴסֹ뵽֪֮⣬Ų֪ٸĴڣ
ֻûϵԼĸƺҲ֪ڴ˵ʵ
ҶӣҶƷЦˣѾ֪ĴڿɣǲǺܾô뷨
Ҷĵ˵ͷ
ܼ򵥣Ϊĸ׾簡

Ҷٴסͳ˾֮⣬֪˵Щʲô
ȻСʱ򣬴үүǵĿУԼ֪ĸǹ¶ûмͥûиĸûˣԵɺ֮˸ףһģ׹밮ӣΪ˸ףԼ
ǣԼҲ뵽ĸ׾Ȼ֮ˣ
ȻҶƷƺӴҶľȲЦЦĽֵ⣬ĸʵ壡
䣡
Ҷֻը˿̲סĵ˺һ˫ĿֱĶŸףȫˡ
壬Ǿֻˣ
ҶԺ֮бܵĸֳ˾βѩѩӣѵ˵ԼĸһͷޣǸΪ߼ġ
Ȼ˵˺ĽϣڲĴ˵¶мأͻȻ龹ȻԼͷϣҶһʱܹ֮ܣ
Ҳ֪ǾԲĸ׵ԼЦġ
ðҶǻعڰĵࣿ
ࣿ
ֵҶƷɵɴ۾ˣ˭˵ˣֻ˵壬û˵డȻˣֻѪ壡
Ѫ壡
һҶûĴʻ㣬ھĶˣҲ֪֮⣬ȷʵһЩ塣
ţǵ壬̵ľȵȣȻѪʲôҶôҲҪǿĶࡣ
ˣֻʲôѪ壿
ҶƷҡҡͷʵҲΪһθ˵µʱΪڿЦûе棬ֱ뿪֮Ҳ֪ԭûƭҡ
Խ˵ҶƷɵͱԽ˸УȻںԼΪʲôûкúӵĻڶ޷ӽĸ׵
ҶȻϣ˸УǼæת˻㻹û˵ˣѪģĸģôǵ磬ʶ㣿ΪʲôǱ뿪˭ģ
Ҷĸ׵ʵ̫ˡ
ҶƷеɬ۾ŵ˵ͽѪ磬ȻҲ壬ĻѪ壬ǵȫΪһ⣬ô˵ģʱ̫ˣʱҲû棬еģˡ
ˣռ֮ţ˵Ǽ֮вõĿռ֮ţȻǵ硣ҶƷҡҡͷԳЦռ֮ţʱһȻܱôʵĹ£û뵽
Ҫ⣬Ҷæߴٵȱæ㻹û˵˭뿪أ
ҶƷɳ̾˿Ҷʵ˶˵Ӧһ㶼İģ
үү
⹫


733 治
Ҷ⹫
ĸף
ҶͼѾȥҶƷڼ˵ȥˣΪ֤Լ뷨Ҫһ⡣
ǼѪ磬ǲǺǿ󣿡
Ҳǿ϶ȵʱҶҪǿĶĶ࣡
˸׸𰸣ҶӿԿ϶ԼƲˣ۾ĸйصһ֮ˡ
ʮǰһ죬Ѫĸдռ֮ţ͵磬ʶ˸ףȻ̹ϵĽԼ˵˳ǸȴţΪĸʵǹ¶˵һжֻЦ֮
ͶϣΪ˷ޣԼԭҸŸոտʼȻʱĸ׵ĸͻȻ磬ҵĸףͬʱҲʱҶҶңĸ뿪
ĸ᲻øף᲻ԼȻԸ뿪ĸ׵ĸ׾ҶԼԼвĸףΪ˱ҶңԼĸײò뿪磬ӶعѪ磡
Щ飬ײǲ˵Ǹ޷˵ڣΪ˵Ҳûһ˻ţΪǷӡ
ʮǰҶңʲôѪѪĴڣ
ˣҶǰζӣû뵽ԼҶҵ˶ĸףĸײǲԼΪ̫Լ̫ΪҶ˿ǣԸ
Щ飬ԭ׼ײģΪ֪֮Ⱳӱ˵ǰѪȥѰĸˣҶ޷뿪ȸ½ڣҿϣ
ҶƷɵۿѾˣӣ㣬ܵĻζҪȥѪ磬ȥѰĸף㣬϶᲻֪жˣ㶼֪뿪֮ǰҹûɿ˳㣬ҲҸĺ
˵֮ҶƷѾ棬ҶͬۿʪǰŸ£ŵҴӦ㣬ҿ϶ҵѪ磬ȥȻһҲֿˣ
ҶƷɲܿǱ⹫ȻĻ϶취ˣȥˣ⹫˵ûһ档
Ҷ۾֮жҪ͸ˣֻиĸүүûʲô⹫Ҫǲͬ⽫ųҾʹͬ⣡
˵
ҶƷɶȻһȣŵҶһ飬ĿŸףΪʲôúõĺǳԼ
ҶӣҶƷҲʶԼеˣŵ֪⹫ǲʲôԣҲ⹫κ˶޷ıʵҪ⹫ҴǾǴ治ңĸԺˣһĸףһĶӣԴ
ҶĬˣϸ˵ĶԣԼǸδı棬ҪɱԼ⹫ȴȻûκεĺøС
֮ҶƷɿڵˣ˵ЩˣҽЩ£ҲΪ仯ôˣպл˵ǻȹǰ£
Ӹ״뿪֮ҶȻƽû뵽Լĸ׾Ȼֽڴ;
Լе޷ܣҲѹֵ׻ʼڣΪĸױ⣬Ҷ˶ĸףΪԼס
ȻҶδֶһǾҵԼĸףҲҪѪ磬͸ܹԲ
ҶЦҡҡͷԼʲôʱܽе飬Ȼ̤̤ʵʵĴڼУԼأ
ⱲӶˣԽԽ࣡
һɣȽҶҵˣȻϽȥȺڣ÷ûа취κ
Լ³һ֮Ҷǵүүסȥ
ûݣҶͷүүѾˣʶ˲串ҶңȴȻûзүүټ
ʱҶ磬үүүүϾ뿪Ҷңǳǰļȥˣ
ǰļң
ҶһҶͷСæɣȥүү
ҶػҶѾͬһһʧˣֻĽҶĵʲôʱҲжı°Ӵôִң
Ҷ۾һɵҪʮ֮һ̿࣬ҲڵڻӡˣϽȥæ
֪ˣŸһҶһ̵ˡ

ҶȻѾӵĵطˣСׯ԰ȴȻûʱҶԪվׯ԰Ĵ֮ĿŴ֮ԭҵĵط
үүҶ
ҶԪͷҲصĵ˵ٰô


734 ػشȺ

ҶԪĻҶһүүҶҵǰˣס°
ҶҵȻˣҶҵȴ࣬ס´ࡣҶԪ̾˿İ֮£ҶҷչǷǵûкúЩԴԸԴ֪æŷչæ⣬ȥȻҶܹԽԽǮȴһɢɳˣ
Ҷգգ۾үү˼
ҶǿˣǿĴȴеҶ˶ƫԭȵĹҶҶҶҵﶼҪæչ˼⣬Ҳ˵Լүү˦ƹ֮⣬Ҷûˡ
պ󼴱㸻ɵйǮİȫκһҪĳξðҪʵǿ
үүҶ˼ϴҾ˵Ҷȱٵĸ֣Ҫʱģʱڸ
ʱҶԪеʹ˼ʹƸ۵뷨ҶǵȴҪֺĸ֣Ҷ¸һ˶Ӳߡ
еĲҵȥҶ˾ʱרˣ
Ҷҡҡͷүүһǲ޳ɰɣҵʱ䣬һ취ġ
ҶңҲֻҶֱӷҶԪ뷨ˣԴҶԪȴҲ޻˵
үүкڣӦòԸҶңץʱȥ˴Ⱥڣһа취Щˡǿɵ˵ãҶҵİΣ֤飬ҵǵҿɾ͹ܲˡ
ҶԪ˵ʲôǰһҶѾֱӴգ˰֣ͻһ磬ܿʧ
ΪҸѾˣүүĲôİ

Ҷ۵糸ı֮ϣٶʩչ˼ޣŴȺڵķȥɲһ˿һĵȻֺѾˣ֮»ħĹ֣µ½껡
Щ˿ɲس֮ԼеһҶҡ
ʱ䣬Ҷ˴ȺڣΪ鷳ֱķ嶥֮ϡ
ʶһɨҶϾȻԾû˾סȻԼ֮λ˳϶ǽԼ⽫ط˳
壬ҶүүѾȥԼȴûǵһϢʵǡ
ԼҲɼԼѾǽŲմصĴȴȻֻ̫һĽˡ
˳ԼǰҶʱϲӭȥڻ˰
Ҷڰֵ㺰ˣ
˳ҡͷҺдȺڵӵУ
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˳ɫʱһݵʲô£
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˳ǻۣҶ൱ĵģ˳Ҳûʧ֪ھȥ֪ͨ÷ϣûʲôܹκĪ⣬һʮ̫ϳ֮еھͶǰҶҡ
˳˵ȷǼ飬ҲҶȺڵĿġ
̫ϳеˣ㹻ˣ
УļұǵҪģ࣡
ִ˰֮նˣҾ÷ɽĵӣ÷Ϊףʵﵽؾ̫ϳϣҶһǰҶң
˵뿪ҶԷҶҵİΣóˣ̫ϳϾԲЩͶҶҵͷԷɵģǾԻȫԸıҶң
Ļ½ħĹ֣Ҳ׹Ҷҡ
Ҷҵ£ʣȻĪˣҩߵ÷ɽҶ֮󣬳Ƭ̵˵ûа취ģܵĻ֪ܷҿһλĪ
Ȼԣֻɽ
޷ҷҲ£һɽɣ
÷ɽ仰Ļո£Ҷ֮ͻȻһ˺Ѱľʹʹ֮ǿȻûпֱܵ˫һգ쵹ȥ


735 һ
Ҷ߿˵ۼȸ½ڶҩʦ
ͻȻ£˶һ˳һѽס÷ɽ˹ִסҶ
Ƭ֮÷ɽҡҡͷûʲô£ǼŭģһʱʹȥϢͺˣ
˵Ķʱȴɻʵ벻ͨʲôܹ̼ҶǿԹȥ
һյʱȥҶ۾ɫҰ׵סԼ࣬˳Ĳ֮վ
û˰ɣ
ҶҡҡͷȴǶȻһԤС
֪ԼûвҲûˣղŵĴ̼Ҳֻʹ̫ңʹĸоԼʮϤһ֣˵Լں˳ˣ
ȻκһεʹȴûܹԼʹûԹȥ
ѵԼ֮˲ң
ͷһðҶҲûڴȺˣ÷ɽ÷ϣھͶ뿪ɣҵҼˡ
һҶܳ£Ȼ˭Ҳҵ÷ɽ񵱼ͷû⣬ֻ壿
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Ҷ÷ɽ˲ٵ飬ֱɵУ뿪˴ȺڣҶҸȥ
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ҪҶʱٶȣ֮׷һ뿪÷ˣһҶϿա
ӸµĿȥҶ֮ǧӰæµţֺдݻٵķҲѾʼؽûκεͽֵΣûκβ֮
Ҷﲻе֣ѵҶҳˣ
ʶֱҵ˸׵λãҶλ̫ϳֱӳҶƷɵǰ

ҶƷڰæľģҶæתЦݵĵ˰ǼҰæ˿治٣ͷҪúллǡ
Ҷ̧һæµȺкȻ˺üϤӰڵʯս״ӣʨɽʮλС
ȻҶϮϢѾ˳ȥõϢĸǺҶйϵģڵһʱɳ֣ŸǰҶҰæ
ȻҶҲǳ˸мĵĲ⡣
Ƕû°ɣ
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ܹúҪɱԼԭ򣬳Ī֮⣬ûκˣٽԼʹԼɽҶҵʱ䣬ҶѾˡ
ֽɿҶ죬ĻλԸ꣬ηĳ֣ô˵ǰͻȻһˣˣ


736 ج
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Ҷֻǰһڣһģֱһƨ˵ϡ
ĪҶĹϵÿ˶֪ǵУҲȷһˡ
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еҶ˸ԼĶ䣬Ǹÿɰ󷽣ÿһϲĪ羹Ȼˣ
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ҶҪȥȴҶԪ
ڶҶ˵κεİοͽõģֻԼȥһԼȥһ롣
÷ɽҲ̾˿ȻβҶԷʲô⣬̧ȴһɫӰѾԼһ׷˳ȥ
ոմӱ֮лָҶңΪĪһεһӰ
Ҷ֪ԼҪȥģĿĵĲϵţпհһƬʲôҲȥ룬ʲôҲȥ롣
ֱǵ𣺡ҶӦȥ

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Ҷΰεضֱӳ嵽֮ϣȻ󣬺ͬչ׷棬÷ɽ÷˽˼֮Ҳ׷ȥ
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ҶˣеҶȴǱһķ׷׵ڵء
ҶſҶĻŵҲҪҲҪ
ҶҧģǿԼǵĶɩģģˣ϶ҲὫȻģİɣİɣ

һʱ䣬Ҷ͸ϵɽ÷ɽǺɵʼ֮⣬ǼѾ۵ÿҪѪˣںӰӶˡ
Ҷֱķ嶥֮ϣŲĵż֮Īȥ
һ·֮ϣڵĵӶ˫ۺףеĸȻ͵͵ĨᣬҶ˭Ҳû˵ҶͨĪǰ
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Ҫ侲ĶˣȻĪˣǺҶûκεĹϵܽĪ̵֮Ҷͷϡ
һҶɱġ
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ԣҪĸؼңս򸾻ΪĹȣȻûж룬ͽڡ
֮Ҳûһ˼죬ҽĻЦս򸾶Ϊڶɹѹأ⿪Ľᡣ
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磬ôôɵ㲻ǴӦҵѵǵҸŸոտʼѵ˵ҿ϶ȢΪΪʲôΪʲô㻹Ҫô벻
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ҶĽźɫɴƵ¶Īǧٿ׵ҵʹ
Ȼǻŭ𣬵ȴ޴йĪֶѾҪ˵ֻ֣ܹԼ
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ڣ˵ʲôҲûˣѾˣٶԹͰûҲĸҶĬĬĪһһҹ
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Ȼ˶ǾҶΪʲôôķӦȴҲûжʣĪСĴӻͳһƴСĽɫʮ־ɣȥͬһ
Ҷ˫ֲĽɫӹ˫Ķ¶һ˿˷ܺϲ֮ɫ
˫ŽҶһ޼֮һСӣս򸾵ǰ˳ȥһ·ֱͣŴȥ
Ҷٶ˶һͷˮ˭ҲÿѯʣǺ̲סʵҶҪȥģ
ڵҶԵʮֵ˷ܣûôش𣬶ǴĵȥҳüʦӦûû
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Ȼÿеϣһ֣æ÷ɽҲ˽ȥҶ֮⣬˶Ǽſڣҽȥ
Ҷվ÷ɽߣҲҺ˵»Ӱ쵽÷ɽļ顣
ֻ÷ɽȥϸĿĪʱʱĪϵ˿ȥ
ʱ֮÷ɽֱӣת߳ӣҶȻǽ֮ϣżʵ÷ϣκ𣿡
÷ɽüͷ΢΢ֻҪҵһҾʮֵİܹκã


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žһͻȻը˿촷ۣ糤üʦ˵ֻʹһΡ
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Īһ̲סǰȥһ§סĪ磬һᣬһ߼ĵ磬̫ˣˣˣˣ
ĪãȻȻһʱ֮仹ûԼôˣðڻع̲סһңѾ˰
սߣ˵۾ѰٻΪս֮ŮԺԺҲ׼ˣ
˵棬սﻹܰסŮʧãϲȻٹĪˡ
Ī˵֮УԼ»ľ
ԭǱңѹһԼһ˽ůȫĵطأ
Ϊ˱Ī絣ģͬʱҲ¹пһʱҶҲˮӵʧ˾ϢûиҶȥ
֮Ī˴˿÷ɽҲܾս򸾵̶ȥѰҩġ
սο½ˣĪĪ磬ǶˣԾڿʼʱʱ̶̿ҪסĪ磬벻
ȵ˶֮ĪڴϿݶԺ֮ȻĸֳҶӰ
ҶҺ㣡


739 峤
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οŵֵǰʲôⶼӦġ
ûĻŮҲѵô죬Ϊ˱ʾҵл⣬ʲôҪ󾡿
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ȻսʵҶֺǲһأôҲǳصĸ֣һܹ֮Ϊ״ӣĸ֡
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⵹ʵսսοΪͽҲûа취ָУ̸ܽκζ
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Ҷʵȥ£ǵ֮ǰϽģջǾֱǰΪϽ֮вݣǺӡԼԼǰ÷ɽľ棬˵ϽܻܿǿĶ֡
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ΪĪܹþȣҶ࣬Ҳ°빦뿪ɽ֮󣬾ѾɹĴֵͨٳѨ
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Ϊɸɽ״Ȼ͸ԼĽϵʥ״һģһ


740 ׿
ϵʥ긫Žϵʥް׻ǿ޷ҶҲԵϧǣΪĿǰӵ֮УΨûнԣҲ޷ʹû긫Ի긫һֱڿռ䳾С
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ԼԼ֮УҶԼηɸɽ֮Уû׼Լ벻ջ
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ٲһҵһҫ֮£뵣ƣִֹһ´ǧ׳ɽ䵽ɽ޴ˮ֮Ϊ׳ۡ
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Ҷ׼Ҹߵʱ򣬺ȻһЦӲԶӴ׿壬װ壬װʦأ


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ôʦ˹˵Ȼǹ⳰Ū׿ˡ
ڸڲֽ׼ӣҶİԭҲǲ£ǾʱǼѾߵǰһ˺Ҷһѣ㣡
ӡȥʵ൱ڳصˡ
֪ηǷ֮ĺ׼һ仰
ҶȻȥƽϣ⵹ǿźôƽٴδ
ҶƵһߣ˾Ѿ׿ΧһһקеǱذףЦ׿壬ͷľڵҪ㶪ˣ֪֪
׿һذףһżĵʦ֣Ժˣ뽫ذ׻ңҸҵ
㣡ҷǵ㣬ΪãҪذ׸ˣ룬Ժˡ
䣬ǲһеذ׶ʱϳأȻӵ˵ϡ
һĻ׿۾ֱˣĬƬ֮ͻȻһŭ𣬷ĳ˵ϵذס
ȻΧȴνץסá
ſңſңҵҵģǲܡأ
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˻ˣ޸ƨˣˣû˼
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˭˵ڵĵ̣
Ȼ˭ҲûнҶʱԭڵϿ׿ȴæĨվҶǰ棬ļλʦҾʦǣˣһǲҪ
֮£׿徹ȻΪҶ飬ΪԼ¶ܵǣɼ塣
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ˣǶǣ˵ˣǹһЦֺľͽ׿Ƶһߣһ־ҪȥץҶ졣
ҶεҡҡͷЩ˶֣ʧԼݣ»ҪСССģȻ׾ͻɱǡ
ֻ쵽ԼǰƣҶöһѾͽֻץסһŤꡱһ죬ֱӽϣȻ̧žž˶Էϡ
Ǵһ¡죬֪̺֮˵ѸٱΣڼʮѪȻ󵹷ɳȥ߰Զصˤڵϡ
Ǹڵ˼£ȴ˫죬ͷԻоԴ㱻ˣֻţɱ
Ļ䣬ǰͿһƬӰžǡ顱֮ԭļͬѾ֮ȫҶһȷ˳ȥڵϽп졣
Ҷһ˼˵ǰҵǸذ׵ˣ˫վ˶Է֮ϣޱĵ˸µ֪Ա˶˫Ҳûʲôˡ
˫΢΢ǲ˵˫ͬʱϿֽͬȫۣⱲ˫Ƿˡ

ʹ˻˼۵ĿҪȥĭһԵ
Ҷְߵ˵ߣһĽǵȫȶϡ
Щ˾춯صĿ޺֮ҶһЦ˻ˣ޸ƨû˼ˣ
˵֮ҶתߵѾɵ׿ߣӵϼ˱ϵذס
Ͽ֮⻬ƽҪ޸ĻѣҶȻӿ𣬽ذװ˲佫ۻİ֮£ɢںϵһ󣬼һѪ֮Ѫ


742 
Ҷ¼ӹذףָԭΪѪ֮ѪȻԭȵƷһԾΪһƷ
ԼַҶ⣬ذе˵࣬׿еȥɣԺרҪˡ
ѾǴľ׿ڽӹذ׵֮۾ȻٴεɵԲҪۿˡ
ĿǰΪ֮ϵ裬ȻذƷ׵ı仯֪һϳصذף˲Ϣָ֮ԭǾԲһܹ쵽ġ
ǶԼذ׷ǳϤ׿ҪҶǲ͵һذ״棬Լ
ֱҶѾתˮ̶ȥʱ׿Ȼѹæ׷ҶСĵλ̨ллˣøϽ뿪
ҶȻ˼ǵıԼ˵Ǽ˶ԼʵҲ⼸˵ùԼڵ鼫ʱֳ䵱˳ͲĽɫȻĻԼҲôء
˵ԼûнʲôڷҶֻЦЦ֪ˣҿˮ̶Ҿ뿪
׿ҲҶģӽĵ̨㲻֪ǣǶǴͷģǸذ׵ʦ֣ǰҸ˵ǸԵɺ֮ñ˳ıʦĶӣĸ֣㲻ǵĶ֣ǸϽ뿪ɣ
ĸ֣
ҶȻʧЦ׿ļ֪ˣϾߡ
˵֮תҪߣȻո̧ȴת׿׿֣ȥ֮ЩٸΪ¶鷳ͽǱذøڵĸ֣֮Ȼٽϸ㹻ĻӦ֪ζˡ
׿ȻҶ˼վûлعʵҶΪǣȻ׿岻ʶֻҪʶ˿Ǳϵ¸˳ذףôָ֪֮˾ɲ⡣
ٸ۸׿壬ô͵ǵҶĻӦûɵ
ȵ׿ع֮ҶıӰѾ֮ʧˣԥƬ֮󣬺ȻתȥɿɽȥûٿǼλȻڵϿ캰صʦǡ
ڣȻΪħʮ֮һΪشϽȸ½в֪Ĳࡣ
ȴҰģϣܹΪȺ֮ϵɡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ⱥǻȸ½ϵҩʦôֻҪܹȸ½֮еʦȻ㣡
ֻ˵ףȴǼѣһڿûţȻûôĺشƫԶʲôʦԸⲻԶǰͶ˻쵽ڣȻֻħʮ֮һʵʮڵףһֻ֮ĸ֡
֮Ǽ˻˵ɸɽڵĵ̣Ϊڵλþɸɽܽ˵Ǻ뽫ɸɽΪԼΧϽڶȴͬ⣬Ͼķɽ١
׿һ·ܻصڣΪŵӣȻûʸɽţȴΪԸõһλӵĴ࣬ԽɽŻǱȽ׵ġ
ֻλڵĵλҲߣȻֱӽ׿ΪӣǾ͸ҪֻҪǱذƷôܳΪŵӡ
ǰǰ
׿λӣȻͻȻһ󵨣׿壬ʲôѵ֪ʲôط𣿡
һ˴һսǴ˹䣬ˣ׿ɫʱˣŵ˵ˡ
Ϊ˾λõʦ壬ҲǱҶ׷ϵ˫۵˵ĸף
׿ӣ¶ɻ֮ɫ׿壬ôô£ǲ͵ˣ
ûûû׿֣Ͱ͵ĵңңҼǰģڣҾˣԣǰټ
˵׿תߣ׷뿪һУ̽סһûߣԽԽĿˣҷǵúúýѵһ٣
ʱȻִһʦ壬ʦ壬ˣˣ
仰ŵɫ׵׿壬඼Ҫɤĳˡ
üͷôˣһСеĳɺͳ
ʦ壬ˣԽܣԽڷɸɽ˴ˣ˵ĺأ
ʲô
ɫ䣬Ͼ׿壬һŽߵһߣԾŷɸɽķȥ
׿ӵһҧ޺޵һţס˹ȥ


743 Զ
ҶѵڵӵľкܶĿãȻǵоͽҶ˾Բǵ˵ķ֮ڣԶԶıܿ
һǷҶͨˮ̶ıϣվǹɼϢҲԽԽǿһϵսһڵѪҪԶʼˡ
Χˮ̶ΧôˣҶе㷸Լܴܲģˮ̶ɣˮ̶Ļܹҵˮأ
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֮Ҷʶͷ˳Ȼʶոմˮ̶ıԵ֮ʱ̾͸оһǿޱȵԼʶ˹ҶԼһ֮
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ֻнԵĶܹĽӰ죡
ҶʱȻѹЩ˶ˮ̶ֻվˮ̶ܣ˩űأ
ֻнԲܲӰ죬Ҷˣ⶯ãΨûнԣ
֣ܶý𣿡
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ôһѣҶһԼԴЦ㲻˵һˣ԰ҿֱӴӵȥߣھȥ
һһװɽˮһ㣬ƹˣ˷ɽٵĺ棬һۺͬʱʩչϢǱ˵¡
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ףԽĵί˿ߵĶǺһĽľ˵˳
Ȼǿ˵ʵѾǵĸı࣬еĹƵҶ׿ϡ
֮ҧġ֨׿壬ѹָղôĻţԭô£һȥͰƤǵǸһأȥˣ
ȥɽˣ
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λֵ죬Ȼָֻ˵ܾҵʹǶĳ嶯ȻҧظһȺڵŷɽȥ

׿ܵһסſŵӿӭһ׿壬ŵĵطϽ뿪Ȼǲˣ
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һŵʲôҪ£㲻ҪΪмʦ廤ͿΪΪ
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ӱ׿ĺһͬʱҪһѵȻʱȴǴ˽һɣ
׿ϲ⣬ȴǺݺݵĵ׿һС󣬸Ͻȥ
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£׿Ѿһ̵ĳ˽ȥ
ڣһΣһɫĿʯȥоţ׿̹֮ڵأ
˵ɣʲôҪ£
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ȻҶϵذ»ԭе˾ȣǰһλ˵ʵ׿ǲҶⷬ
ҲֻҽˣСĴӻȡذף˫ͷӶӵذף
һüͷʱʵ׿˭֪ƽʱҲǽѪŻ׿壬û뵽ȻҪԼذס
вڵĵƳɹһ֮󣬶ϣڵʦʦܸˣһΪ׿ҲˣһŵƳʲôÿģ
һȻһߣνҪˣҴȥڣӽ󲻵̤뱾ڰ벽Ȼɱ⣡


744 Ӳ̸֮
ղž붯ֵĵӣʱõȻ޼ɵˣǰһһ߷ֱץס׿ĸ첲ȥ
׿屾˫ذ׸߸߾𣬱ôһذȻ˵ϣҲ˲ذףżĴ󺰴еҪ£Ҫ£
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һɨһǰĵ棬Ȼһۣȴ۾Ҳ޷ջˡ
ֻ׿лذף˿ֱ£ֻһձ¶ڵ֮ϣ
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⣬һϸĿذף˲Ϣ֮䣬ɫʱ䣬æߺǸӴ
˵ͬʱҲӣʱŵѾ׿ϵԶĽ֮УȭߵĽѵš
žž
İصӵϣֱӽǸ˳ȥȵڵϻûзӦ˭Լ
׿ԴһͻȻ˽һذףƵģ
Ȼ΢΢Žһ˿ĵļ
׿̧ͷŽһԳκͼҡҡͷذױҵģղűԽ۶ˣȻһ˾ȻƬ̹֮ھͽ临ԭһҡ
һｹʵǸأģ
Ӧڷɽ
£һѾʧȻû׿վһȻֻˣһץסߣһȥ
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׿Ѿһͷˮˣʵ벻Ϊʲô˽ţżҪǸԼֶ֪ˣף̬ȵת䣬ȻΪǱذס
űһеذף׿˵ҪʵϣȥȾΪ
׿彫ľ˵֮󣬽һ޺޵һŵҪȥȣǾǾʦ壬ԼĶӲӵҲ£ΪԼжˣϽߣϣü
һĻ׿ΪԼˣգ˼۾ȥʦ壿
ϻܹƳˣʵȻ߳ʮֹ鷳ǵѰ·

׿ˣȫ˵ʲô
׿ɵһȴҲ̫ˣΪȻǸذ׽Լ˼ǺԵĸԼ׿Ҫˣ׿壬͵
½һһӣҲҵ־ܽ˵ͨ˲Ƴɳˣ
㻹֪ɣذѾˣǱ˳һƷҪˣ

׿ſʵҲ޷£ˣһҲҲýˣֱڿնŷɸɽķȥ

һڵ˷ɽ٣Χ˶֪ȻҲҵǾĶ㿪
תһȦԽܲûпҶӰָΧ˵˭˴ҶӵǸһϽ˵
һ֮˿ڵһɽȥˣ
˵ɽȥȻæҪ֣ʱҶͺôӵ˳
Ϊ޹ǹĽȻڵ״Ȼڣʵǿںܿܶˣɱˣ֮£ֻ·ص棬취

ԽȻһָҶ
ԽܵҶҲǣ¶һЦȻô죬֣ҪչչֽŰɣ
ĵҡҡͷƵߵһſµûȤ
𲻹صʵȤ֡
СӣˮĿҶȻڵĵҰҳֻ˶ҾͲ
ҶŪ֮ɫҡҡͷЦ˭ֶ˭ǻʲô֪ܲ𣬷裬ͬţҵΪʲôĶӻˣȻģ

࣬һҧһⱩǶҷֱĴҶ
꣡
Ҷָסӭ̹΢΢ֱӽмأ
˵Ĵӷɽ˽Ʒ׵õʵĳ


745 Ͻ
κһ˵ǳĸ֣ҲǼΪģҲΪõڵĵλֱȻĻֻһͨĶӶѡ
ȻڣҶȻָͽ˵ֱҪĳˣ͵ڶеϣδľͬҪһ

˰֮ڷһŭ𣬷ܲĳҶŲģֶû·ȻǶе㲻ˣҪҶͬھ˼
ϧǣǵʵʵǲҶһһƣѾӵĺ󳾣˫ֵͬʱϵ
ôôɳȥˤڵزҽеҶԥԼҪҪɱǣ
ȻҶɱնݲȴ˷ǳصĿ㲻ҪǵҲҪǵΪ
ʱҶͻȻоһǿԶĳһӦڵĳˡ
ȻһѾԶԶס֣
Ҷ¶˾ģһ⣬ֱ̧𴩹Լӵڳڵӵĵȫ˷ˣȻеվȴŽһĵ
ҶѾ׼ĸվ׿һߣԼΪеĻǾʲô˵ҪΪ𱨳ôԼȻҲˣڣ
뷨ڱ˵Ҳ̫Ƕ˵ȴǼ飬ҪǵԾͿڡ
Ӱӿ䵽˵棬ǽһ׿壬ǰΣһ֪ԼһҶԼס֣֮֡˵ûнԼ
һһŭԼôҲһ֮ʱӹҵô˵棬Լĵӱ˷ϵΪԼܲʵĻպﻹˣ
ǽһһ̤ǵǰ˫ĿƵĶҶ½һ֪ǺηˣΪҪµ´֣
ҶûпڻشɫƽעŽһȴԼصʵޱɢ˳
ʱһͬɽѹ˿Уѹ˶ִĸоԽһĸоΪء
һɫٴαˣ趯֣Ѿ֪˵ʵԼ֮ϣԼ̫࣬ԼĶ֣
ѳζǵĽԼֵֶ֪˸飬һҲʵ벻Ͻ˾Ǻ
ͣ಻ᳬʮȻȴѹԼһͷʵ⾿Ǻηˣ
һ½һǽˣ֣Ƕ֣ȡ裻ֳ֣˫۾ԼԼ²̨
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˵֮ҶŽһﹰΪƺڱԼг⡣
һ֪ҶڸԼ̨£ôԼҪҪأ
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ҶͿһеذףȻ֪⣬ҲȷʵҪҸ˺úйؽˮ飬ԹһЦʢ飬ҪǲȥĻǾԵе㲻ʶ̧ˣ
һҶʹĴӦˣһҲǹЦҶ룡
Ҷͷ߹ȥͬһ׿׿֣߰ɣ
Ľע֮£һһ˵Ц뿪ˣˣѶڵӸ̧˻ȥ
һ粨Ȼƽ˾Ľˣʵǳ˵ϣҲǼסҶ֡
Ҷ֣ڼвͱ֮غ󣬵һϽ˿


746 
ҶͺǣŽһڣΪϱΪ˱ʾԼҶĿأһڵҲ˳㡣
˵ʵ޷ܹ˲ƳȫǱ̬̽ġ
ڶ䶯ˣǿ֣Ȼڴ֮Уһλˡ
ۺǣҲΪŵӵ׿ȴܵȨ
Ȼ׿Ҵڴ֮У˽ŵҪܺͳһңԼΣֽŶ֪ôˡ
ҶһۣЦŵ׿֣Ҳ°ɣ
׿æֵվžˡ
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ȻһȴҲͰĵ壬ȻҶ°ɣ
׿ŲΡΡ
һ֮󣬽һȻͿʼòĴҶˣҶܲףֳѾĶˣΪ˱Լ鷳ɫľͽ˹ȥ
λ֮һʵ̲סˣɴֱ˵ʵҶ֣˵־ͽ׿ϳصذƳ˳ҺôҲ֮ʱ䣬֮δţ֪Ҷܷҿ۽磿
Ҷ֪Լ¶汾£ǲסǣȻҲ޷ǵĿдԼҪ֪ĶҲƴǵղҿڵӺǱϵı˻֪ܷҿ
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ҶУһ֮˫֮ð𣬽ضϽ
һĻýһ¶ɫɨλһۣΪǲҶôھǼʶˣܹͽͷŻʦ治࣡
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ȻܹƳΣҲ֮ǰǱĳ̣һذˡ
һɫҲ粻λеɻҪΪܹҶɢǿƣ֤ʵԼ֮ϣô˵׿嶼û˵ѣӦġ
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ڣҶеҺֻʣ֮һʱ򣬻ȻϨҲ̲סˣٿȥ˰ɣ˵ˣ˾Ǹ۲۵ƭӣʲôһӶƲ
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׿ҲͿ˲Ծʱһôһɣŵһ¾͹ڵص˵Ķʵûһٻ
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ͻȻһײ𣬽һȻҶϱ


747 »
ԼǵֱײĽ⣬Ҷǲϵĳø֮Χ׷½ء
ǷǿԣǱԴıԣľԡֱˮԣڰԣȻЩȫ޹
Ҷò˻ȵĻ˲Ҷȼû뵽ܹԵĽ⣬ȴʱϢģֹͣ˴ܶҺͻ˿ĽӴֱӾͶ㵽һ֮УĽҲȥƺǼΪη档
Ҷǳһԭ»
ҲһĿˣʵһСؽɫ壬뵽ǰ׿˵ɳľҶʶˣӦþǽ
ܹһͨ˲ΪĽ䴿ȺŨȻǿ֪̺ĽԸҶϲ
ʶĽ뵽˽֮УһĽɫĳ˳
ͬҶԵһԵгһɫҲ
ЩÿһζܱһַϢ˸оͬԿеľ
Ҷûнԣܹ˿գ񲻾ʹŴӴֶ֮һԣ
ҶͿʼ𻺻ƽȻһĽƵ˵Ѫ֮С
볾һֽ̣ײٶͬʱⱩǣסҶ壬Ҽ죬ֱ䣡
Ҷ֪ʱ˿̣ڽһλֵУƺѾһˣǻһʵˣԼ䶼üۣ޼᲻ݵսֱ
˵ղ˻ҪҶֳͽ뷨ôʱ뷨ͱ˾⣬ٽӣҲҳˡ
Ҷ͵۾Ľⱬöڽһ˵ϣ˲ı۾Һӡ
ֱǰĽʧ֮˲С۾ҲĸоڵҶղƺ˵ʵߡ
ооǵȴǸԸҲ޷ţΪ֣Ǳ˭Ҫ磬Ҫһ˿ʵҪ൱Ĵۺʱ䣬û˵˭ܹ˲Ϣ֮ʵġ
ǲ֪Ҷʵʵûл̫ʱ䣬ϾŶʮѣ
ҶнѾʧ΢ЦĿ˿һ˵˼ղʱһ㶫Ǽ
𿴸ղҶæŶԸǶ緢飬ǽһ֮ĶԻ֪֪ǶԼģ仨ʱȥͣټƳ
˿Ϊʧȥ˻»ָ˹һС壬ҶҲ¶˿ЦҲѹֱ˻ỳɣԭһĲڶֻһذˡ
ذ׾ذװɣֻҪܹƳû˻ذ׻Ǳ
뷨ȻҶʶɨʱȴǽп಻ΪŸղŴҺʣЩ֮оȻûΪ֮һ
ԣ˺Ͳй֮⣬ǺϵΪУ˵ԲԵĹؼ
ͬҶѪԭ˫ԵĲϣΪֻ֮лԵֻƳ˵һԵѪҶǳԽ¯û뵽Σ׵Ľϸջˡ
ҶеҲǲ࣬û۳ԵܳɹƳƳɷࡣ
ҶˣԼ󻰶Ѿųȥˣʱ˵޷ƵĻľҪЦˡ
ôأ
ҶһĥŰ취һҲð𣬹⽵¶ȣΪԼȡʱ䡣
Ƭ֮ҶˣԼ֮ǰɱ˲ٵޣȻҲһ˵
ЩÿһŶޱȣɱǾ᲻õģҶǲƴ֣ûнЩȡһţ汩ǣʱڵס˽һǵߣȻû˻֮С
̾ͼ࣬һѪ֮Ѫӿ룬ҶٴƳһذס
ջػ棬ذĶ˽һ˼׳ˣ
˫סذףһѾԸоذдȵɲ龧ʯҶ
ҶԼĻ˵ѪϿյѪǾޱȣŨڵƷ׵龧ʯ
ټѪ֮ѪҶٷְٵƳ


748 н޳
һذ׷ȥо˰֮ȷһλ˶ҶӺͻɣһ˫ذʾĵݵҶǰҶ֣Ǵ۽ˡ
ҶڰֵĴæҲûʲôذ׾͵ҵһСС⣬͸ˣ
⣬⣬̫ˣ
ȷһóȥĻ۸޷ģںҶֻ֮ǳʶҶʹ˴ǽһҲе㲻¡
Ҷ˿׿һѣûʲôҺ׿һͶԵݼڣŽλһҲ̸ܺ
һ
֮£ҲֻҶҿ˵Ȼˡ
һ˶ɵӣҶذ͸ǵĿģʵϾΪչ˺׿塣
һһת׿壬Ͱĵ尡ʵѾעܾˣʺͱҶʮ⣬ýҶҲҾ֤ˣΪҵĹŵӣԸԸⰡ
һ⻰ոմӵվ׿ŵáͨһٴι˵ϣ鼤֮£֪˵ʲô
Ҳ벻ʱ֮ǰԼֻһɴŶŵӣȻȻҪԼΪŵˡ
׿弤;ŵĶ˵Ҷ΢΢һЦһ֮׿ĶУ׿֣ˣ㻹Ը𣿡
Ҷ׿˵ĺĳһ㣬֮оѹæĵԸ⣬Ը⣬ݼʦ

һҲЦĸϽǰ׿쿪ʼͰᵽҸڵӾס
ǣ׿嶼΢΢š
ҶҲǰһ׿ļһǿϢӿڣ˲׿֣ϲϲҲûʲô⼸龧ʯ͵ҵպҪúҪ˽һ⡣
ҶóĿƷ龧ʯӲܾ׿УȻһ۹ⲻţ׿պȻڵģ
ǣǣ
һĴŹλҲһϲ
Ȼ˶еΥģǿ°Ҷڶû뵽˵ⷬպȴĳΪʵһ֮ǰȻпԼⱲԵһ£׿ͽܣ
ȻҶѾʵж֤ʵԼǿ󣬽һȻҲҶˣҶҲͲĿʼ˴йطɸɽͷɽٵˡ
Ҷѯʣ˶һۺ󣬽һȻҶ֣ҲµΪ˷ɽٶʵڷɽ²н飬ϽҲʲôܣ˽ֻ֪Ǿô£Ҳ
Ҳ
Ҷػɽһⷬʵԣ׿Ϊ͵˲֪ûʲô˵һЩǣʦȻԷɽٵ鲻ǿʵ̫˵ȥˡ
һܿҶĻɣЦŵҶֿ֪ɽ֮аһǿ˽֮⣬ûκζܹˮ̶֮С
Ҷ̽ŵѵϽûоͨԵĸ𣿡
УϽӹͷĵͷ֪ĿǰΪֹѾʮľͨϵ֣֮뵽ˮ̶֮£ֱֻҲûгˣ

ҶʱסԭȻ֪ɽ¿϶йŹ֣ȴû뵽Ȼн޳Ѿɵʮλĸ֡
Ҷֻ֣Ǻ棬ôΧˮ̶תȦסҲû⣬Ҫ뵽ˮ̶֮µĻȰûǸϽͷ
һ⵹Ƿθ֮ԡ
Ҷλϣ֪֪ˮ
ͬʱ˵ͷȻ֪ԭȷɽ֮¾нˮǶѾǼǧǰˣûˡ
Ȼ˵ƶҶȴȻһ˿ϣҲζţҪһ˷ɽ١
ΪĪ磬̶ѨҶҲҪ
ȻڵòʲôõϢˣҶȻҲټȥˣҪ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼ뵽˸ղڵĽ⡣
Լþе֮޷סΨ𲻷Ѵ֮ˣ⵽ô£
ţҶҲ뵽˵Լ˷罻ֵĹ֮УԼͬʩչ֮䷢Чȴֻ֡
ڱ֮ضսǸʨԼһ˿ľϵȻͳ׵߽ϵ
ЩĿҶֱҲûŪеԭ򣬶˿ǰĽһλʦҶãҲܹԼ⿪ɻ


749 
ҶޱĽԼ˵֮󣬽һȻԼͬ¶ɻ֮ɫ
Ҷ֣˵ĵ֪𣿡
ˣ
Ҷգգ۾Լ˵Ǿʲô壬Ĳ
һ̲סֱ˴˶һۣܹͨҶķӦĲ֪
ȻҲ벻ͨΪʲôʵԼҪߵҶȴӦڸո볾͸֪֪ʶȴһ֪
治ܹҶΪ֮·ԼһǰûΪһЩÿһǼΪ˵ģǱ˵ļǼʮ֮ȻҲܶԸָǰǣЩҲ뵽ҪΪҶȥЩڳʶԵ֪ʶ
Ȼɻ󣬵ҶȻĲ֪Ҳ̣һȻҲΪϸĽ͡
һ֮ҶʱéٿȻ
ԭؼڵȻ࣬Ǹ֮ȴһּΪ΢໥Լ໥չĹϵӶﵽһƽ״̬
ԣױͺڰԣټһЩԣǶ˵Ĺϵ
ԶԺڰ͹Ϊġ
һǣǻУ
˵ľƱˮ
ֻҪˣֳܻԵ˵Ĺϵ
ľľˮˮ˻𣬻˽
ˮˮľľ𣬻
ֻ˵ĹϵҶԺ֮ĹһԲΡ
ԻԲҲ֮У
ҶˣľԼһ˿ľϵܹϵʨ
˽𣬶ڽԶ޲ߣֻܹɽ
κֻҪϵײҵ˵Ĺϵ
Щĵ֮Ҷ֮·Ӷøӿ
Ҷվ֣µĶŽһһҾ׵лλָ㣬ǳ
Ҷ˴񣬽һ֮ΪЩʵκһ߶ܸҶȻԼֵˣҲֻܺЦˡ
ڵѾ˽ᣬҶܾ˽һ˵ʢھҪ뿪
ٳ֮ǰҶٴ׿ļζĵ׿֣лĻһϽʱϣܸҵ㾪ϲ
׿弤ۿ죬ΪҶĳ֣׵ĸıˣֱ֪лֻƴĵͷ
Ҷ仰ʵ˵һģȻ֪һظҶ־ɷģֻҪϣҾԻĵ̵ģ
Ǿͺã
Ҷ˵˵ͷźѾ𣬺ܿʧ˿УȵҶ֮󣬽һ˼ӣȥйҶϢ

ҶȻٴ˷ɽ֮£ڼȻѾӵ˽ԣôа취뵽ˮ̶֮ˡ
ˮ̶ΧȻΧŴˣβĳԼǣҶȻеͬ飬ȴҲûа취Ǹߣֻܾ͵ǵˮ̶
ǰҶϳֽѵڣֱһȵȥΣܶ˶ĿãڿȥΪ𾪣Ҫʲô
ҶҲ˵Ŀ⣬ֱӴǵ֣ڸҸطҰɣʼûгô鷳תɽҶңҸ˵һ
Ҷʮ㣬ȴҲҴ⣬Ͼˮ̶Ѿʮĸ֡
ȻǳҪҶһˮ̶ǰڵµʱѾܵ˽ǿ֪ԼûнԻ£ܽ룬ֻεĵͷҿɲȣʲô㻹Լȥ˵ɣ
ȻǺǵҶΣգô˵ģҶЦǺǵĵ˵ͷðɣҾ
ģ
Ҷתȥźǻ˻֣ߵˮ̶ĸС֮һ⣬Ѹֱȫȫ
ǣĿɿڴע֮£Ҷֱˮ̶
Ȼ˽ԵıҶҲûиоǰǹĹû˿谭̶ˮ֮С
̶ˮȻеҶûκεӰ죬ٲк֮˹ȥ
Χ۵Ⱥʱը˹ǶǵصˣȻ֪ˮ̶Ϳ£ۿҶˮ̶𾪵ͬʱҲǳ˷ܡ
кڴҶѣҪ벻ɵ£Ͻ
Щ˵ĺ⣬ҶЦЦǰ˰֮һһգ˾һʯͷһ̳ˮУһˮûн𣬾ʧǵ֮С


750 ֮Σ
Խ뵽ˮ̶֮Уûܹ뵽ڷɽµĵطȻһ֪Ķ
ҶǵУԼٶ׹š
Ѿܹеĳ˵ʧص׹䲢Ǵʲô̫Ӱ죬ҶˣʼһĻ֮⣬ܿӦˣһӿԼ׹ٶȣҪһ㵽ﶴס
ӦúΪҶ½˰ӵʱ䣬ȻûеﶴףԼ㣬ʱԼλӦڵǧˡ
׹֮⣬ҶпԵĸо·ԴԴϵӿһܿ嵽ԼߣԼΧ
Щһľһ㣬ΧҶͣƺҶͻȻĲ֮ͳ˺档
ҶҲȤĴЩðһͷ֪ܲܽЩսѪӶԼԸʩչϵ
ҶԼ׹ٶȣһ˵Ѩλʼս

ҶϣԼ΢ͷųһ֮ܵЩ̾Լ˹ͷʮ㡣
ҶҲǴϲȻ߲ܵĽеĽսڣǸϽѪӶΪԼС
һ˳Ѫ֮ҶͻȻо˲Ծ
ΪԼ˲ĹյĽ൱ӴģѾװ˵ͶʮĸѨλ
ȻΧĽȻԴԴϣǰ̵ļԼ壬ŵҶæ뽫Ѩλ͵ϣֹǵļ롣
ʱҶɫȻˣΪоԼȻˣ
ͻȻһѺص壬ģԼķӦ͵ĶҲ֮ٶµĺǸ޷ڶʱڱպԼѨλ͵
ɲ֮䣬дĽȻҶһƤһѸٵǴ
ҶʮλΪʲôн޳ˣӦǺԼһܵЩ̳֮￪ʼգӶΪĳص¸޷رյԽԽĽӿ룬ֱȫű
뵽ԼȥҶֱǿЦãҲ̫ɱˡ
ʱҶ뵽˻˽ֱӴѪ֮г𣬻һѾȫ߱εĻ棬Ҷ֮зɿһܣʱͽЩ޷յĽɨһա
ʧҶʱ־æպ˵ѨλǼһ
ûҶüˣȴһ𣬰һĹͷ䵽˶ס
һѻҰɫ˹ǣһСֱҶ׹֮ȵϡãʣĹͷһһļΪ飬ֻͷǿ
Ȼ˾ʮλн޳ĳ֮еģҶûĻôҲΪ屻űӶΪЩͷеһ֣ȵٴν뵽˸顣
Ҷĳ˿ȻЩͷ˰ݵλǰҲģĪĪ֣
ȻѲҶľȴǼӴ࣬û뵽ﾹȻ˹죬ոսͲӺ·Ҳ̫ƽˡ
һ˵ĹͷҲûбű壬ȴȻûгȥ˵϶Σա
Ҷûмżǰߣתͷܡ
һ¶ѨͷϷһĶڣӶڴµķɽȴֵķֳأŶȥȻڶֱ֮۳ˮѨ
ˣѨ֮ʵǷǳġ
֮⣬Ѩ֮ҲŴĽǷһشʶ˸ղŵĽѵҶҲЩˡ
ҶȴоԼյЩڴƺڶѨʲôٻԼ
˵ʵҶڵµûʲôøУÿδ¶һЩõ飬ȻѾˣôֻܼߣҵˮ
ڶѨֻһ·ֱͨ·޾ĺڰҲҶٲõĻ·
Ҷ˳·ȥ߳˽֮󣬶ѨԽĺڰˡ
ͻȻǰĺڰ֮дһˡĹԼԿһεĶӿֱɶ
ʲô
ҶһίʵûϵѨ֮оȻĴڣҿԷڣƺǽԼ˵ˡ
ѵλĸ֣
뷨ܿͱҶԼ񶨵ˣΪԼͶԷ̣ѾԿԷ֮ϾȻֻ򣬶ˡȶġ
ǲܳģǶԷȻĳˡ
ɲ֮䣬Ѿ嵽Ҷǰ֮Լףɫ˫Ȼһֻ𣬷ĺͬаצȻҶʺ˺˹


751 ޱ߽
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嵽ԼǰҶȻſָâݺݵն˹ȥ
ﬣ
âϣȻͬڽ֮һײϺȻǺˣһ˫˸źצѾҶʺ֮ݺ˺¡
鼱֮£Ҷ֮ٴα˺ڰĶѨϺɫĻҶϣ˶ͷӭצ
һȼצӣѸӵϣ˲佫ȼ
Ŀжʱ̶Ĺֽ֮ڿзĺҷţܿͻһؽ̿صˤ˵ϡ
ҶٴγһڽĻ֮£ѾͬӲȻֵܹסԼĹƣԼҪΣˡ
ô̵ʱڣԼѾڹŹǰתأɼǳΣա
µûĻλǰ֮ӦҲɥֻС
Ҷǰ߳˽һأȴûзκεʬǣΪԼ´˵ʱͻȻǰһˡ
һ֮ҶɫȻˣΪѾЩȻҲȶ򣬵Բһֻ𣬶һȺ
Ҷ֮ٴδܳںڰ統оһϺɫ̫һ쳣ҫۡ
ȻǰһǵصĺӰ˹ϰֻľ
ɱ
Ҷһ˺϶Ϊһһ㣬Ⱥ
ʱ֮Ҷ̱˵ϣܣֻȻð̵ʬ˵ɢš
Ȼѣ
ЦҡҡͷҶҵ飬æʼѪ֮ѪԼġ
ղһɱľȫ
ǰʱȥҶվǰߣ߳˼ֿ֮ʬǣȻղŵĲ²ȷģûбűĸ֣ȴС
ߣκεطĸˣȻû뵽Ѩ֮Уڱ壬ʵ̫ɱˡ
Ҷʬ֮ĬĬվƬ֮ŲŶ룬ԼǶԽԽҵĽƶϳӦúܿҪﶴѨľͷˣ
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ʼͷֳˮˣԴԴϵ˵¶Ѩ֮С
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ĹǼûһģȫɢǰڶѨʼű֮˵ĹǼȴԵһЩ
Щôģ
Ѿû·ˣΧеһоﶼҶ۵ףκܹɱ˵Ķ
ۿЩĽƬ֮Ҷȥһ黹Ĺͷ˽֮С
ৣ
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Ҷ̲ס˿ԭЩʬǵ˶Ҫ¶Ѩʱ򣬱ЩĽնɱġ
Լȥأ
ҶԿ϶˵ﻹнˮĻô϶ߵĶѨ֮УôĽԼܹܵסأ
뵽ܹƽҶּһͷȼٴ˽֮С
ৣ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͬǿͷͻΪС
Ȼ˵֮ˣҲǾԵģٸ򵥵ӣˮ˻𣬿ڻˮٵ£ˮᱻƣֻͬ̫ʱ˲ŻЧ
ǰͬˣȻ˵˽𣬵ǻԶԶȲЩȻ޷ټƽ𣬷Ҫն
һҶȻҲðԼ֮ȥԣϾʧܵĺԼΪУΪڶʬеһԱ
ô죿
Ҷ̾һѨ֮ǰȻʱȻע⵽ԼĿռ䳾ȻһĽ⣡


752 ɽ
ռ䳾˸Ľ⣬Ҷע⣬͵һԼԴһɫĸͷѾС
ϵʥ긫
ʱ˿̣ϵʥ֮ϱ̫ͬҫ۵Ľ⣬磬ֱӸǹ˵¶Ѩ֮
ջֵ꣬ҶʱȻȫоЩķϢһǲǽϵʥĹâֵܹЩͬĽأ
⿿ǲ֪ģ볢һ²֪Ҷȴԥˡ
ֵܹȻõģֵ˵ĻԼûٴγԵĻˡ
ԥһ֮ҶеĻ꣬С
ȻⲻԼ壬ҶҲۣͬǶһ޶ĽϵʥҪҲЩиУǿɾҲҲڶˡ
ãȻ긫ǽϵʥôӦòôɡ
긫ĸЩʱɲ֮䣬Ҷ͸оһɾ޴ĳӿ˳ںݺݵײһСһ޴Լһ飬һɿ긫
Ҷڵʵһܸо÷飬֮󣬼Ѿ޷ˡ
ҶϲǣȻˣǻ긫ڽ֮Уûܵ˿˺
ϵʥȻڲֵܹͬ޼᲻ݵķ
Ȼʵ֤긫ĽЧôҶȻҪԼԽ뵽Щ֮ˣﻹеǿΧİ׹ǣΪҵˮֻðˣ
Ҷס긫ԼҲԴԴϵȥȻڱǵĽ֮£һҧЩ
ǧ˲Χ˹ܹһĽ֮긫ĽʱͬˮһһȦȦûл⡣
Ҷڷ˳ˮĹĻֱŶѨ·׹ȥƬ֮󣬡顱һ˫žͲ˵档
ۿȥҶͬʯԭأȫǰֳľסˡ
һĵ¶ѨͬڿвѭƣҫۣĿ
ڶѨĵ֮ϣȻһɽ
һȫɸָѻɵɽ
ɽԼߴʮףҲаң˻ֺȫɣ֪֮࣬ǳǧ֮
ǹꪣṳ棬ӶֳġҶۻҡ
ͻȻЩȫҵĲҷ˸ָĺХ֮һ𣬶֮ͬһ㣬ֱҶ˶񼤵òסԼ壬ⱻЩˡ
ҶηЩеĻ긫ȴҲͬϴһɾҵֱ֮ŵƣֶһ⣬ͬʱĻХ֮ɽֱӵɽ۷֮
Х֮ǵأɲǼͽѹȥһ̣긫·һ߸ϵߣе
ģһͷ޴ĽɫϻҲ֮¶Ѩ֮УͷŶ̤Ŷף쳣
˿ֻϻԻᱻҶȴͺˣ֪ǽϵʥް׻ǰ׻Ŀ֮ҲǳͺȻе¡
ͻȻ׻Ժ֮𣺡࣬û뵽㾹Ȼҵûпˡ
Ҷڿɸɽĵһۣ;ɽͻ긫֮Ӧĳֹϵ׻֤ʵĲ²ȷģǴŵʵ׻ǰ﾿ʲôطγɵģ
׻ȻһЦ࣬ϴûи̫࣬Ϊʱ㻹ûʸƿңڲͬˣҿԸˣңǰ׻ǻ꣡
׻Ӧ˵ĻҶһͷˮΪҶһͨʶʱ򣬾Ǵ֪˸ͷƣһֱϵʥް׻ȻȻ˵ǰ׻ǻꡣ
ҶͻȻһǻ긫
˵˶Դ֮ٴ¶֮ɫҷ˷ޣֻͷγɵһĴڣҾǻ꣬Ҳң˵һĽϵʥް׻ǰɫϻңǽɫŶ
ȻҶ˻ĻȻеѣΣʵ˵ˣǻ긫꣡
ǣһȻܹγԼ꣬껹ܸԼԻԼʶῪЦҲʵ̫˼ˣ


753 ɸɽ
ƺ֪ҶԼݵ𾪣Ž͵ʵҲǶһ޶ĴڣҲʥĻ꣬˵ʥˣֻҪ㹻ƾõĺõпܲĴڣȻһĴڣôҲǿ޷ˡ
ʵ޷һֵϤκһеĻͼסҾǻ꣡ʥ꣡
һ仰ҶඥéٿǰԼαؾڻݣֻҪסʥ꣬㹻ˡ
ҶҲһ뵽ǸĵҶʵҲӦͬһĴڣֻܻѪġ
ȻҲԽѪһ
뵽Ҷĵͷ֪ˣǻ꣡
ĵͷ˵ʵҵ֮أ
ɸɽǻ֮أ
ողⲢҽ˻Ҷһεãһɽܹϵʥꣿ
ԼƺҲ֪νˣ˶Դɣſʶҵ֮У㿴ģ
Ҷ۾ʶɽ֮۵Ļ긫˹ȥǰһɫ硣
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һ֮һλ곤վ˳ѾһΪķɸɽζĵҲ񣡡


756 󺺺ͺڱ
Ҷһͷɸɽʱ򣬾ɸɽԼʮ֮һɽϣһĿĴ󺺡
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ĿʱѾͶҶŵĻ긫һЦΪ˷ɸɽеıû뵽ȴһȻֻܸˣڸ·һ·Ƿӷɸɽеõıҷȥһ·ɱ㣬ϵб
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ΪҶ񣬵ĸУȻὫҶ񣬶ǲ²ҶӦǵõ˲ڷɸɽеı
˵Ҫ汾ͷǼ٣ҪıҶϵĶ棡
ʱҶҲ˶ԷĿģԭΪԼڷɸɽеĶ
Լڷɸɽȷǵõ˴ĳҪĿɲǼԼŵĻ긫
ȻѾû˺̸ĿܣҶҲ̾˿ðɣҸ㣬ѡ·
·Һֻ˵·ѡ񡣡ɻĵ
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ڱľﵽ˱ƷƷĻԼͺǣµĶ֡
Ҷɱ˻磡
Ϊ׼ԼŵĻ긫ڷɸɽϢɢȥĻֻԼ޾鷳Ͻڶ֣ǶǶԷɸɽ˺棬֪Լõ˷ɸɽеһͷͲܷŹԼ
Ҷʱ򣬻ٿȻֹͣ˴ЦһָҶСӣҸ·ԼߣҪɱңҾٸᣬɣ˶ˣ޶ޣ󵽵˭ʤ˭
ҶʿԺڱмֵİգ֪Ǹ߰ԸԼʳ⣬ڴģҲܻ˵ҶֻĺǵԴģϣ
£ҶѾȳ˻磬˫֮оˣȻ
ʼҶĹȻ㲻ֱ˵ǰ֮ʱİһ
һȻ˵ϯΧ֮ڣ
Ҷ΢΢һһٶȾȻܹ쵽̶ֳȣԼƶ£ѹԼʼ޷ȷԼأ
Ҫ˵ٶȣҶĲͬˣЦһϣһȻϢݷһŻ繥ȥ
ԾɴŲм֮ɫƺ׼ҶٶȸԼ޷Ტһ㣬ۿҶҪŽһΣٴο㿪иǺļ㲻˵Ҫɱѵ㱾£
ʵҶʩչսϻ긫ܹ㿪Ҳܶɡ
ֻҶҲ˼ɣȻ긫ϾǽϵʥȻԼѾʩչԼܲٿصĽϵܳʱʹû긫ս̫Ҷɱﵣ򲻵ѵʱҲͬԸⱩ¶
ԻļҶҲӦĬĬļӿٶȷʱҲƶԼƶС
ƶһ˲ȫѧԲͬ죬ϧǣҶܹеʱʵ̫ޣֱҲֻѧʮ޷ƶʩչ۷֮
ƶҲȷʵǷͬСɣټҶʵҲǽȣһʩչ˶һӰӣΧڻߡ
ϵĲмʧȡ֮غ;ȣΪٶѾҶŪڹ֮ˡ
飡
ҶڵһһƺݺݵĻʵص˻֮ϣǽһġ
˵һƣôеڶƣģҶԽԽĻл磬ͬڰ졣
ڻԣԼһҶͬʱҶǰͷϽ£ҶΣǹǿƣֱǰп࣬ԼʵǿˣСӵʵԼֻ߲Ͱ

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ͬ޺ͳȫͬΪͬ壬֮ʱܹˣͬޣߺ϶Ϊһͷųʵ൱Լʵ
ֻǳͬĸǷǳǳ͵ģԵӡڳˣᱻɱһϼӱԲǳʲôʧ
ȻӡڵĵλӦǼ߼ߣܽ峤ôɱĻ᲻ΪԼ鷳أ
翴Ҷûټ׷ϲٴθֳ֮ɫΪҶڿԼĳ֮η壬֪Ҷֻڹɱ֮ĺĻܱˣ
𡪡
ǵĺͻȻҶæͷֻҲͺڱսһ𣬲ȴ̫ãѾȻ˼Ѫܵ˿ڣ


759 ռ
ڱ¶ݵĿУżɫĳëϳϷŪ֮ɫȻǸĶ֣
һĻҶٶȸе𾪣Ҫ֪ǿɲһޣŲ֪ǰλµǻʵĴѪľȲϺڱҲڱǱɣ
תһ룬ҶлȻ⣬뵽һֿܣǾͷڱҲͬӵдѪıޣ
ҶĲ²ȷģͷΪڷĺڱʵͺһӵһλߵڣ޵൱
ȥʵ粻ڱΪķԣǴΪʵԣֻǼ˷ԣٶȫ޷ͬڱᲢۣο⻹ڿУԺǸڱı߶ţֻһζȻ·硣
ʵȫ䵽ȥŴ֮ͺڱҲܴƽ֣Ǹ߰ԸȴսҲߡ
ٺ٣Ȼ֪Ϊʲô㲻ӡˣȴӵһͷΪͬޣǺܿϧͷǺڷĶ֣Ĳɱκһֻް
ҶĶУҶӿֳ˳ɱ
ǺҶ֮ĹϵͰҪ˵ֵܶΪڻ羹ȻԼ棬˵ҪɱǣҶﻹܵˣ
ҶǼ۳ʵޱɱڱͻɫ΢΢һ䣬ҶɫȴƽԼıס˻긫ĸ
ﬡһ죬ӲӵĻ긫ȻգұֱĶ׼˻磬Ҷĵ㲻Ҫͷ͸㣡
Ⱪ֮УҶͻƺΪһ壬޼᲻ݣ߰ԵĽϵһȫıͷ˳
ʱ˿̣Ҷ·ǿٵصľ޸ƻâ˲串˷Բ֮ڵա
Ľɫò԰ޱȣϵĲмҲ𺳺ţͬʱһ˿̰
ȻѾ˻긫ĲӼᶨҪȡ긫ľѡ
ҪܲܶҶһˣ
Ҷ˫ס긫Ÿߴķɸɽ϶£Ż˳ȥ
긫̺ǿĽϵ񷣬ѹ죬޼᲻ݣ
ˣ˫Ȳˣһ˸ŽİθâԼԽԽģ㣬ȴܿƣҾܿҲˣΪܱһǿ˼µǡ
Ҷһͷټķɸɽܹ˲֪ķɸɽȣһͷֻҪУô³ͻͬɸɽһ
ǧһ֮ʣͷܳɫıӣ췢˻֮Զĺڷ˫֮׹˸Ʋºǣſצһĳ˻긫ǵ򣬳嵽˻ǰ
޴Դڻ֮һͽ綥ԼıϣһŻ磬ٿȻðĹ磬ĴϮ֮£Զ񱼶ȥ
ৣ
긫޴İεĸâ˸Уںڱ׷ȥ
֮ϳһĻһֻɫıӣһƺѾɵ࣬ԦĵƴӴܣһݷܹľ޴â׷ᣡ
âڿ֮Ȼһĺɫ켣ɫҶİΪڻļ֮п֮ɫ
ֳֻ꣬ȫһǿȻ˿ռ䣡
ҶһٴνŻ˱󣬶źǵ׷
ǵ͸ŨŨķŭҶ£ѾһĴ˳ȥ
ղűڱĲֵܻ裬ʵǴĴ»ȥҲúڱߡ
ؼǣʢŭ֮£ԼԤУԼľƺͻˡ
Ԥг棬Լ뵽Ʒ޵Уǰܵ裬ԼܹӱҪ
Ҷͺǣǵâ׷˳ȥھâɫĹ켣شʱҶԵĸодһּ
ȻΪʲôӦǿռѷмҶ֪ıУǾԻһֲܿ飬ᶪԼ
ˣҶźǣ˺ͺɫ켣֮ľ롣
âʵɽϵ֮ͨ۳ģû˽ϵ֧֣֮þͻɢ
ǣҶâȴڿз˽ʮľ֮󣬲𽥵ɢɫ켣Ҳͬۿɼٶʧš
ڣâȫʧ֮ǰƴŵĺڱҲͣȻתٴҶͺǣϵĻҲѾָĿһɣ
ͺڱͬʱ˵ĺƬͻȻ
ҶȻðһ˿õԤУæˣǺȻ֣ȴ˷Ȼٳ˳ȥ


760 ܾ
ŭţɷת磬˷ۣԻͺڱΪĵķԲǧ֮ڣȫ˷磡
Ҷԭл˳Ƭ򣬵ǿǲ˷ҲͣΣٴγ˳ȥ
ڳ嵽ǻһԶʱҶȴͣˣͬǰĺҲͣ
ǲǰ壬Ǹ޷ǰһľ롣
ǵصǵܣǿķȫ赲סǵΣǲòȫȴͷ⣬ӶȷԼ岻ᱻС
۳ʱĴ󺣳֮Ҷڶεĸܵ˷Ŀ£
׼ȷ˵Ǹܵ˻ͺڱӡ˶ԷϵƿصĿ£
Ȼһлֻǿʼ
ޱȵҲǿ֮ɹסҶͺǵ壬Ƕʩչ˶һǶԭأ޷
ţƺȻһ䣬绯˷УһоһذһҶͺǳ˹ȥ
Ҷ·ص˷ɸɽеǸ¶Ѩ޼᲻ݵĽܹ׵Ľ뵽ǷΧ֮ڵж˺ѳС
ǰһ磬Щһ㣬Ȼûнô֮Уȴֻ಻١
һҶϻʼʱҶûκθоֻǵĽ·סȻò˶Լͻ壬ʵ̫Źۡ
ŷеԽԽ࣬ĲλԽԽ࣬ȻܵʹĿһڻԼֱ֮ʱڸѿһСС˿ڣӿļѪûüΣѾи˺顣
ˮʯ
Ҷ˻ͺڱֹʽ޾ķĥ˵зֱ˵
κˣҶڣ޵ģܹסĹǳ֮󣬾޷ֵ
ǿӲ壬ܹסһʮٵǧأ
ЩвǵͬߵֻǴ̻߿ͬӣϵĸ
ͺڱֹķʽȷ˷ʤңȻѾǳͬ״̬Ҳ˵൱صĸ֣ͬʱ
ҶͺǸΪս޷˴˵ϵһԾֵܹסзУʱϵԽǵ״̬ҲԽڵȫϵʱҲɥ֮ʱˣ
Ҷõ㣬ѪΪṩǺȴʲôûУԵڿУҲ޷Ӵ֮ȡ
ʵǵķΧ֮ڣ˷֮⣬ҲûκһжˣҲȫ˳ȥȫյش
ˣҶĵľǺǣŲ̫ã
ʵҲˣڷиճֵʱ򣬺ǻϵ۳ףԼ壬ǵгһʱ֮ϵϵ̿ʼѷ죬ѸٵĹѣֱȫİ䡣
ǵ屩¶˷֮УΪǿ壬Ҳͬ޷ֿ಻ϵĵеĹ
ҶȻҪȥȺǣûѪʹʯȵĵرİ֮£ԼҲ޷Ҫָ̧̧޷˵û긫ʩչսˡ
ڣķˣѪɫĳëڿзķ裬֮Ͽʼһһ˿ڣѪȳ־Ѿ񱩵ķøɸɾ
ûѪ˿ڣֻз׵ļⱩ¶ţӵɲ
ת֮䣬ǵѾǧٿף᧿Σ
ټȥǾԻһȫʬ궼ииķ顣
ҶҧĿ֨죬˫۶Ҫɳۿȴûκΰ취ǣֻĿźһָоɱҪʹ࣡
ˣѪ
ԷҶǽѪǿа취Ըͺڱ
»ȥѪ׵ռԼ壬ԼҲܿźԼǰ
ҶȻһ˿мЦݿҶȥȺǣ
ҶеĵǣʲôҪҶӦ
㻹ǲ˽ͷǣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֮󣬾ȻĴҶǰʧˣҶԼһͷˮ
ѪȻܾԼ
˵Լ˽ʲô˼
ûôǻʵĴУ
𡪡
ҶĻͻȻĺǵ˻ҶʶȻԼԺȻ۾
ˣ˿񱩵ķưΧ֮£Ȼܷ
ҶĶߺȻĪİΪǰͻȻһɫĹâŨī֭һǵصĲգŨûĺڹ⣬Ȼںǵϣ


761 仯
һɫĳֱ֮䣬һŴأһźǣ
ʵⲢʲôĺɫӾ߿ǧ׵ĵ֮ϱֱӿһͬγһһ㡣
ɫԼʶһ಻ϵǵ֮ӿȥԽԽ࣬ԽԽ񣬳׵ĽǸȫĸ
ΣҶǺô֮ΪԼϵһͬһϵס
ںǿڼǧ׵ĸ߿գҷԲǧ֮ڶ޾ƺƴĿ⣬ǾȻܹ֮̫˼ˣ
źȫıһֻ֮ԭͣͲǰ֫ͻȻһһʱûͺڱ϶Ǳɫ
ţͻȻٵı۶ɵĳͽĸ󣬴ϯµƣ˻ͺڱ
ͺڱ޷Լ۾ģʩչһзеӡ峤ʥ޶޷ͻƣȻһͷȻ˵ǵԽʥޣ
ⲻܣ
ڱ˸ײеĹâԲԼı޸ܣȻ̧ͷһŭ
ԭ鲼ڷԲǧУĺУźǾ˹ȥҶ
ҶȻȥǣԥһȴͣסΣΪã˿̵ĺǸͲҪԼİ
ѸٵĽǸںǵصĹţХķȻȷúǵȴ޷͸ϵǲϵף
ͻȻꡱһ촫һл׵һС飬ȻӦһϸܵͬһ˲䲼ס
Ȼ޷ٳǿķ֮ϮۿҪըˡ
ûҶͷת꣬䡱һ죬Ѿѵը˿
ɫǵصڿĽںҶҲòֵԼҹ
žžž
һݺݵҶϣŴľ޴ײ֮ҶвԾʵ̫ǿǰĺͷŵĳİ
ò׵ȵʧҶæ˺ǣһ֮£Ҷ𾪵Ĳӿеȥ
ǰĺѾȫıģԭΪʧȥ˺ɫëĹͺͺ֮ϣȻһͬһĺɫƬ˹ӵϢ߸߰ͷ­гһ֧һĺɫ޽ǡ
໡
췢һĺУ徹Ȼֻǿ׳ĺצ֧Լ壬ķкݺݵײԼϣȻ壬ף
ǵı仯ҶǻͺڱѾȫҶû뵽ǵ徹Ȼܲı仯Ѿһֻǣһͷˡ
ڱȻѹϴŻ֮̿ɫתͷȥŻ緢һŭ鼱֮Լ˵ϦദĻȻܹ˵ʲôûʲôѪɫ϶ʱòҰһƬ
һһķӦҶﷺ˺֮ɫȻ˵йغǵ飬ƺͺı仯йأϧԼ
Ҷĥǵ˵ʲôʱ򣬺ȻԭڹǵЩڿе˸˲˺ڱ£ƴ֮УڱŻǷһˣ
Ȼ˵ϵı仯ȷе˼ģǻͺڱ֮£Ծռƣ֮£ǾȻѡ˲սӣʵҶе⡣
ʱҶĶߺȻ˺ǵ׷
ȵ£Ҷ̧ͷʱѾһ⣬ɳȥǧ֮ˣ
ǵٶʵһֱͲǵҶʵ˴ȵ֮ǱܻǷУǶҲϲҶˡ
ڣͳź˲Ϣǧ׵ٶȣҶ֪Լǲٱˣ
Ƿˮת
ҡҡͷҶҵźǵҲ˳ȥ֪ǲܷŹڱԼҲͬɱ˻硣
һһ޶ɱ죬Уͷ񱼵ĺڱͻͷҲһأϵһ߱ܣһ߲ٿŸķϵǵٶȡ
ƾ죬Ļ˷磬ȴҲ޷ǺҶѵǺǣٶȾȻڲϵļӿ죬ڶҶԽԽԶ
һĿ׷սҵţ
׷˽һʱ֮Ҷͺڽ˺ͻ֮ľ룬ʱ򣬻ȴǴǰԶԶҶȻӡ֮Լ֪֪ӡϽܵʲôĳͷ𣡡


762 ӡϳ
ϣ
һĳƺӦӡеġ
ĻҶϲ¶ЦҲԼ˳ȥղ㲻˵ûʲô֮ԼôˣҲû˵ʲôӡϣ⣬ҲҪ㣬Ҫɱ㣡
ʱΪ֮һͣðżڸ㣬ӡϻ磬ӡ峤ݣ干ϣϣΪδ峤ѡ
Ҷף֮ԻıԼݣ޷ǾΪŻסԼӶԼŹ
ͳŻΪˣ֪긫飬Լ˵ʲôҲŹҶһȻͺǽ׷ᡣ
ʵȻΪ˱˵Ҳȷʵʵӡľ峤峤֮¾ϣ϶ϵͽܣ˵ӡٵ֮⣬۵սĻԲκһħʮڡ
֮ģһ˳ͬ壬´ڿʼʵպҲ峤ѡӡжһ޶ݣŻ˿峤׼Ҷֵ£ȻҪɱҶ
ϧҶǳӲˣ˵δ峤ѡӡ峤ֻҪԼԼҲŹģ
һҶǾӡʵԼԭĲͬ
֮ǰҶͻϽ֣ʱĻϴŰ׻ǳصʵȷʵʵĸ֣ڣظҶҶΪӡĳ϶ֻǳôʵȻҲߵȥ
Ȼû뵽ӡȴԳΪ𣬳֮ϻϣϺ峤ĸ֣
ĻԼӡ壬ɾͲ̫дˡ
ҶΪԼĻҲٷϻˣ֮ϡ
ò˵ϵܵȷΪʲˣⳡе׷սȻʱ֮ҶͺȴȻû׷ϻǣ
Ҳ֪뵽ߵİ취ʲôƣͻȻǼڿзУŵȻȥ
·һƬɽټϽ֮ضľǴ֣деɽҰ֮䣬ͺڱֱӳ֮УȷǸץˡ
Ȼ׷ˣҶͺǿ϶ôҲһĸ·֡
ͺڱƬֵĻƺΪϤȻԾܹŸٵƶ˿ΪĻޣĲϸıǰķ
ҶͺǾͲͬˣէһ㶼죬Ҫӭ澭ͻȻֵĴһһСײȻˣٻǳӰٶȣֶܾѾǵٶܵ谭˺ͻ֮ľ롣
Ҷﷺɻòӡϳ˰ɣȻĻΪʲôͺڱܹϤأ
׷ȥʮ֮ʼҶǰĺͻȻһŭමȻһѪɫĳ
ڳΪƷ֮󣬾ӵ˳򣬲⸱ģ֮󣬸Ҫóȫе˴أƾ֫ͬԼٱܡ
Ȼȴ˳Ҷе㲻ʲôľ֮ſǻӷٶ
һҶ֪Լ뷨شˣԭǵĳ򲻽еģһһԷ
ֻںǵƽƽſ׵ĳȣıԵַ絶˸ĺ⣬źǵĿٱܣһ㣬׽кΧľȫնϣ
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һÿôںǺҶ಻ϵĵ£ǸٹĨǣȫǱֱŻͺڱķǰ
ҶĿ࣬ڵʵȻǿֿƱ̬ĵزӷҶûƭԼԼĻ˽ǣֻǻʵĴУ仰ʲô˼أ
һҶȻҲմ˹⣬ٹ˼Щ֪ʲôʱðһ·ͨ裬ٶȻָƽ˻ͺڱ
ǰĻͺڱʱȴһɫΪҶȷӡ˳֮أ
ղźǵһŭԼľȻľ죬ӦѾӡˣǺܿͻԼ
ȻںǺͺڱƨ֮󲻵ʮ׵ľʱ򣬿ͻȻһöһɫӰӳֵϿգ
ӡڵˣ


763 ʹ
ɫӰӺȻһֻѩɫķݣףһˣӸ¿Ż磬üͷ΢΢ϣʲôˣʲôˣ
ʱǺҶѾ׷󣬶ҶӦϿ죬æƶȵ˺ǵǰ
ǵ¶ŭ֮ɫȴ֪ҶĿģתתû˵ֻǽһ˫Ѫ۾ĶŻͺڱ
ȻѾ֤ӡϳټϿ˵ʵֻ߲ͣҶĺǻᱩѽԷҲ빥ķΧ֮ڣӶҪ鷳ͦ
ͺڱֹͣ˱ܣһʵ򲻵ѣĲԸ⽫ҶͺӡĳѨС
Ͼ峤¹ӡ˿ڿ౯ʦϣҪԺҶ֣ԼȴΥ峤֮ӡУ峤죬ϵģΥĻҪܵĳͷ
Ҳʵûа취ˣΪƾͺڱ֣ҶͺǵĶ֣Ҷ̬ҲʮȷҪɱԼΪ˱֮£ֻӻ
һ£ȻͻȻ䣬ͷɫķַһ֮ղԼ˲٣Ľϵ˵ɫʱ΢΢һ䣬˫̾ͼе˺ǵϡ
˵ķӦҶ֪ȻҲǷ˺ǵĳ֪ͨǸˣǲŻ˾ȵעźǣ֮оȻһ˿ηһ˿Ľ
󲿷ĸоҪĶ࣬˵ˣԶĳЩоȴһ֡
ҲҶɻٴμӴ󣬺ǵα仯ʲô壬ΪʲôӶЩǶǿҵη壿
˶źĿƬ֮ڽĿƵ˻ϣɫصĵͷ·ϣİ˵ûҪɱҺͺڷ磬һ·׷ǵ
һڻǰֳ˼ˣһ⣬ÿ˵߶һֻޡ
·˫ͬӥ۰Ŀ⣬תҶϣʵ˭
Ҷ
ҶԼ֣·ϺͺǼӡһ֮󣬶ˣ·һԭҶӦԼİɣΪʲôҪ׷ɱӡϣ
仰ʳͷɫݵͬʱɢһǿƣƺҪҶ
˵Ϸ׷¶֮ɫΪǰҶ˵ӡĵλϣû˸׷ɱϣֱ׷ɱӡļ
˾ûнӡﰡ
˵ɫ۵ףҶû·ϵѹȣ΢΢һЦҵȷΪ˸Լ·֮ϾȻԳӡϵˣҪҵĶһҪɱңҲ£˵֮Լ飬ȴ˵֪ȻΪǼðģֻܷˡ
ҶȻ˿ηԼƣ·ϵҲһ˿죬Ҳݺݵĵ˻һۺָҿ֤ȷǱ֮һڼȻѾ֪ûƭˣô¾ʹհɣˣȥС˵ǰԼҶˣ
СȻǵҶԼĻˣҶȴûʲôС󻢣ϵ΢Ц˲̣Ŀ𽥱Ķ·ϡ
Ϊ·ϵǰػȻ赭дľͽҪɱԼᱦһʹˣ
˾Ҫƫ̻簡
ȻͬΪһˣƫ̻ģҲҪԽ޳̬ܵȰͷԼǸϸԼҲһ棡
һ֮ѣ
ҶܿĳΪǶںη壬»ӲкԼ
ȻˣԼҲûҪٵĵӡˣҶһЦʹգ˵ǹƽɰ˹Ķɱ˹ˣǲҲԾʹأ
·ϵȻһ󵨣Ҷӡڣ˽룬ԴѾӡĹأǿǾ͵նɱȴ̣ѾǸĹƽ㲻֪мڳԣѵӡ𣿡
˭ӡˣ
һƵĲϵͻȻ˵ϿգžͿһ߲ĴԶٶȸ죬һȻ׵ľ룬ֱ˵ǰ
λߣӡ˵϶¶˹֮ɫ·Ҳ΢΢ţϣ


764 
ӡ峤֮£λϣǳ֣λ϶Ѿ룬Ȼλֵţϸ֮м峤֮µĵһˣ·ϼÿ
ֵǣҶĿǰеӡˣǴԼͬһ֣Ψλţȴֻһˡ
ţȻʹ󣬵˫۾Ǳ˻ҪĶֻ࣬Ҷɨһ֮̾Ƶ˺ǵϡ
ͬڱֻһţϵ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ
Ҷûпţһ·ЦҡҡͷȻ°ƵƱ磬ڲµһ˼ҾӦóưͿλɱҵ鵱ûзȻʵʵĺ͹ǰԼ
ʱλţϺȻ̵ĵȻ˵ҪĶҪɱ㣬ôȻҲɱ
仰ҶüëӡҲûвˣλţϵĻ㻹м˳
ãҾͲˣ
ҶЦһ϶ʱһɲѪ˳ִתֵȡģڻ긫Ѿ׷ɱ;УòȻԾǱڱϣеۣܱȱ¶Ҫǿ̫ˡ
Ϊ˱⻢긫ٱ˷֣Ҷֻܻ˼ӷɸɽȡȫǻʵĳ˼һҲͬС
ɫıӶ֮УܹͬǹĽɫһͲǷƷ
Ҷսֱָ֣磬˶ΪҸɱ㣬ҪӣǷֺһս
ϻϵ龹Ȼƽ֮ҶĿлһ˿Ū֮ɫҶıη塣
ȻҶ׼ֵʱλţͻȻһͬһţ֮˹ֱֶ
ĺָ֮˷ţһΪӵԶĴ˹Ȼһ𣬹ǽӡе˺޶ˡ
գ֮䣬֮ͳˣһ⣬ÿ˵߶һͷͬޣ
ȻΪӡ尡
ӡƾǵЩͬޣҲԺ͵ħʮ࿹⡣
ҶĿţϣΪȻʶԼƺ˶Է
ţһŭҲıעҶСӣҸղŵĻû˵꣬㶫Ҫɱ㣬ȫɱҲĶǽӡ֮⣡
һ̤뵽ӡ֮УôͱҪԹԵȻĻӡĵˣ
£Χ֮ӡ˶ʱŷĽߵЩָҲǲʾĴ
۳ɾ˵ˣȻΪǵź
ľǻֻڱ˿ҲͷԼ촽ӵ̬һš
ҶڿţϵΪˣҲʶʵӡµȷһ֮ѣԼҪǽǳ˵ˡ
ҲԺԼĲ֪ݶеη壬ȴûнΪ˵Լ
ҶĿȻɨǰӡˣȻԷ˶ڣλϺͷǿıޣȴû˿η塣
ǻ΢΢¶һ˿ԴŲмЦݣ
˶
˭ܱȵĹѪ֮ǳǧˣ
ֶࣿ
ԼӵʥǿܹλҶȻǰܾԼġĵԼΣյʱԲӲԼη˲ӡ壡
ңԼֻҪܹܿλϣרӡ֣ҺΣ
Ȼܽôֻܿˣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȻ¶Цݣӡ˵ﶼһɺ⣬ʱҲˣǰӡ֮ԼˣȻܹһ·֮һҲϣΪδ峤Ļͺڱ׷Ķ·ӣ˵ʵҲǲСﰡ
˫ŵʱҶͻȻ˺ǵҶǆʲôͳͳɱ˾ǣȻҲϲɱ࣬ͷңôͱҲˣ
ٴ𣬸ߴףͷųһǿڰڱͰڵ࣬ǲ΢΢ˣȻǳıܣͲҺͺǽ֣
ںǵո֮ţҲٴοڣȻǱޣħ֮ӣħ޵ѪǣҲȰһĿǰʵǳҵĶ֣


765 ħ֮
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ħ֮ӣ
ţϵĿ˵ʻ㣬ӡ˺޶ٴ˳һҶ˷ҶԼ˵Ƿ˼ֻǣ֪ʲôħޣ
ݺڱǿǵַĵ׵η壬ҶƲĳħӦһֲʥ޵Ĵڣ
Ҷ𾪵ĿźǣԼͬҶ˵ƺͲ˽Լֵͬܰܵļһ
ʵǵݱʮˣ˵֣һʥ޺ᣬ˵ߣȻҶɱʱֻޣûнޣһ־ĳ֮гֹһλǿĸ֣ҲʻὫԼĵú͹̲Ѫ֮Уǵĺ
Ǿڵڶ֣гֹһλ뺷ĵǻʣ
û뵽Ȼһݣħ֮ӣ
ţϵĻȻǸûȥһ˫ѪעţϵԼʵŰǲ罫ͬҲٻҿܷɱң
ʱ˿̣ںǵϣҶȻܵ˶ˮ²ӵеǹǿ˼µơ
ǵĿѾǳˣȻţȴûӦֱĬƬ֮ŵҶӡˣҲͬޣΪʲôҪһҪά
ʵҲӡ˺Ҫ֪⣬ʮħ޵ĵλʵʵ벻ͨһͷħ֮ӣΪʲôάһ࣡
ЦˣЦʮֵĴҲǸҲάҵֵܣҵļˣ㶮𣿡
ֵܣˣ
ţϿзظĸ֣һʱ֮侹ȻȻΪӡ壬Ϊ껿ͬ޵е޷ĸ˺޵ϡ
Ҷ¶ĨƽЦݵʱȴǶȻ˹
ȻӡǼΪΪԼͬ޿Լǣֻǽ൱ѣɺԼʵԼδϢϢصĴڡ
ҶȴͬȫĽǵˣ˺Լͬһֵܺͼˣ
ҶУͲһͷޣһλܹĵĽиļˣһλֵܹͬܣ
Ҷӡ˶ԴĲ̬ͬȣӶҲΪħ֮ӵĺǻĸԸ׷ߡ
˵Ŀ˿̶ۼںǺҶϣǺҶĿȴǼţϵϡ
ȻǺӡ֮䣬սǺͣȫţϵ̬ˣ
ţķѣֻҶĻôͺԥĳɱҶˣͷħ޵Ĵڣȴ֡
Ϊ˵һ㶼ԼԼͬ޿϶Ầ
ӡ֮ǿ󣬾ΪܹԼͬͨĬ²ǳͬ壬ǺͬʱֵĻҲǴûͬޣӡˣܺǿ߿⡣
Լջǰļ֣Ҷ˼Ҫնڽ¡
Ȼȷе㲻ܰ£峤ϲмĿδ峤ҪǵԼ棬ɱˣ峤ضǨŭԼ
ħޣħޣ
Ϊʲôͷħ֮ӣʥޣԼҲôѰˣ
ţϺȻ۾Ҷͺǲ֪Ҫʲôӡȴ֪ںͬ鹵ͨķʽڽ̸
аնԸͷħ𣿡
ûУɲһħޣħеѪǣ֮пҲֻĲܹԸˣ
峤ڱչأĲҲһڲܳ˵ڸô죿
Ƭ̳Ĭ֮ٴ𣺡Ψһİ취ˣѪǾԲֻǸ󣡡
󣡡
ţ۾ҶҶȻǰϾӡĵ̣ɱպȥӡҲˣи飬顣
Ҷһ֪ⷬţѾòȻȻԼĴֵĻֻҪӡһԼպֻһ鷳
Ը꣡
Դ֮ʼһŴΪ屣֮ãûУƵôȻ⴦ãƲ󷨣ôµΪֹҲ׷Σ뿪ҴӴ֮׼̤Ͻ벽
ҶЦţ˵ĹûʣʵȴȻڰŻ磬͸ڵŪĺҶĲԣɱ硣
ҶڣѾŭһʲôģҪ򣬲Ͱ˽
ţȴǣȻעҶٲһ㣬ֻһ˽룡


766 
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ӡȫɫָͬ޼ȫ֫صķ˵ϣеСĶѾŵƨսսҴ
֮дڵĵȼɭϵǿʳĹںǵʵ޵еĴڣ޺ħ֮ݣȴĿǰЩ֮ϵߣǸֵ֮ͷ
ҶβûֹǵķɫȻעţϣȴԼһĽ͡
Ȼӡǧĸ˱ĴȻǷͬСɣȻȻֻ׼ԼһǹĵѰ
ĶԷһĳⶼûеĻԼҲع˼ʲôˣ˺ͺִɱˣ
ţܲƵ¶һ˿ЦҶ̯˫ֵΪǵ˴ǵͬ޲öΪʲôֻһԭ˰ɣ

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ԺǣڱͰֱ޶Ĵη壬˵Щ޺ˣúЩ¶޷ͣ˵ˡ
ҶҲŹǣԼһƾԼʵܷ˳Ƶ󷨣ɱأ
ƺǿҶԥţ΢΢һЦȻ㲻ҽĻǾٻ취
ţϹûԼҶҲЦˣȷЦԼԥʲôʱԼĵӱôСˣ
ѵûкߣԼͲҴӡ
Լ󶼲ҽȥĻպԱӡҪǿ֪ٱľأ
뵽ҶʱȻˣԭԥҲǻȻʣ
ʵҲһ˲һ̬־ϵ˲ͬ˵ҲһĪĻԵ
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ȵĵţˣΪҲûҶпη壬еֻһźͰȻ
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ڣţȴԼƺˡ
ҡҡͷԼĵͳͳ˦˳ȥ
ʹ죬ھͿʼΪʾƽϺ͸Եͬ޶룬ɱλ죬Сְɣ
ҶҵĻϣڴȺ֮˳ʵ͵ˣĵλֳ֮£û˵ȨһֱĬĬվ
ϣҶϵЦݸŨˣϣ
ڳ˵У˻֮⣬ǻҶˣԶҶҲе˽⡣
ҶͷҶ֣
ҶЦٿȻһ˪ĵϣ֮ǰ㴳ҶңȻ㲻ıȴݻףҶҶˣҧҴ󲮵һֱֻۣҸԼˣ׼ô㣿
û˵ǿţϣȻǵȴϵ
ţ΢΢ü˵ʵЩ£С£ǽʱͬգҶһ˵ͺǿ϶ɣ΢һ֮Ҷͱ֮еĶԹͶɣֻҪƵôǻ绹С⴦ã
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ʵԭҶһģҪƵ֮öȡ׾ϾԼһҪĿġ
ڼȻѾӡ˺ˣԼóȻǷǵͬ⣬ؾ裬²ԼҪ׾ԭ򣬴Ӷӵ鷳ֻȽŵһߣȵƵ֮취
ţϳŻϵͷڿҶһ̴֮һ󣡡
һеӡȫӰζ֮Уʮ˴ǵͬޣɿĸǵλá
ӡʱģ˴˼Ĭˣ˲̶Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ˶󷨵Ĳã


767 
ҶѸٵĻһǰ󣬷ܹʮӡ˺ǵͬ޹ͬöɡ
˺վλöǼзִ磬˴֮䱣һ̶ľ룬Ȼǲܿ󷨵ĹŹ֡
󷨣ҶѾһϲͨ⺺ˣԻԲĶ򣬻ɽµǸϵĸܣѾҵ֮Ĵš
֮֮ص֮ͬȫһЩϵܻ󷨵Ҳܹƺ͸ıһΧڵĿռ֮Ӷָ˼á
󷨵Ի󣬾ܵ⼸ֶѡ
󣬼ȻӡıҪñȻǽͷô֮оǰɱɱϡ
ɣţ϶Żʹ˸ɫҲЦݵĴźڱҡڵ֮
Ȼ󣬻ҲǿҵģԲţƾҶһ˵ܹƵ
ҶȻڹ۲Ŵ󣬲Ʋ֮пصı仯ɱȻţ˵󷨵ĶֻͨӡˣҲ˵ǳߣǼȻǶģȻͬС
һԵĺǶʲôһϲͨҶüͷӣ̲סҪʲôˣɴһϰɣҶԸţģԸǸ
ʱòţȽȥʲô
˵֮Ҷ󲽵ȥվǰĻϺһߣ߹óһ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûκԥ˽ȥ
Ľ룬̻عԭλҴһ󣺡󣡡
䡱һ죬ʮŸ˺ʮͷޣȫٴƶһλá
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ӡµȵĿ֮ӡζӡӡȵ֣򵥵˵ͨһЩζӡޡ
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ͼͼȽϣȫǰ߲Уôǰ߱ȻǸݺ߷ģܻ󷨡
Щ֮ҶȻκεηˣ۾ѾֳͼʼһĺͿеͼűȽϡ
ʵҶûϸĿͼҲ֪⸱ͼ֮еЩͬһļʵϾǹճһࡣ
ǽӡ˲ó󣬲۳˳׵ľ޴ͼǽͼŴǧҶⱲӶ뵽һ㡣
׻ѩǣڱȻа£ˮ
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ӡǿı󷨵УҶȻдҲʵ̫ûнˡ
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ɱҶȻΪ˷ֹͷħ֮ӻᱩŭ
ϵ˵ͷſͣһĻ𣬶ĺת
һֿ֮󷨵ı仯Լ޵λƶȫɸָɵģеˣ֪˵Щʲô
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768 ͻ䶸
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ҶٴױָܿĹ಻ϵչˡ
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ڷȻǽˣЩӡǣҪԹҰ޷ʱӡ˾ͻĹ
ˣʵϾ͵ǽʮŸʮֻϵһ𣬹򣬿ҡ
ңϲǵĵӣһֵļӳɣ
Ҳ˵ҶҪһ֮Կʮ־ӳɵĹ
κ˿ǲܵģ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ·ΪһƬû˿ҶŸ෢ʱľ裬ͬʱȴҲڼ䲻ݷ֮ʱܿ
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һֻëӵĳβҶ˫ȣһֻĹųҶԴһֻ׳صĻݺһҶš
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ʵҶղ֮ʼڶܣη壬ڸͼоƷ
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ĿǰзĹˡ
ֻֻ֮ޣܹ׵Ĳ֮ǾͿһ˶ޱȵĻϵ绷Ƶ磬һܼˮ͵֮϶Ȼľ޴ʯˣǵصҶӿ˹ȥ
һ̶ɴ۾Ҷ׽Ӧι
ֻҶԾɴŵȻı飬ǸûпԵĹһ㡣
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ӡڴ˿ﶼ̲סĽãΪҶûбɱУΪӡ˵ӡ
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ò˵ӡ˵ȷѵأȻжǼΪ˷ܣһûԼְȻĳ֮УٵƶԼλã»Ҷκοɳ֮
λڴ˿Ҳ΢Цĵ˵ͷȻǳԼǵı֣ꡣ
ȻʱţϵԺ֮ͻȻͬã
һɫӰӣԱ绹ҪٶȣһţУе֮Ȼһҫ۵Ľ⣡
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ţ϶ʱˣΪ˵ûͬʵǸһֵģֻһ۷Σû뵽ǾȻ֪ȴûеơ
ûͬԣţϻûаܹԸΪħ֮ӵĺǣ
ˣţֻջ˶ѾȥĽŲ޺޵Ŀһۺ֮󣬼æĿͶС
ʱ֮ڵ̳Ѿȫɢȴͬɵһ֮
Ҷһɫͷ޸ڼ֮ϣĿһͷ޴ţ
һһţԱ߲ԶΪӡ֮һĻͷ޺ڱȻȫ׷룬ѪȾ˽µĴأ
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ţϵ嶼̲ס
ӡǿĴܱ֮£λϵĿ֮£ʵﵽؾĻͺڱھȻˣ
Ȼ˶ֿ֪϶ҶʵȻ˶޷ܣ޷Ҷġ
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ţΪϤһֶͷţȴһбµİΪͬʥ޺ᣬʥ޵Ѫ
ţĿзһԴŭĺУɱǵˣ
ҶԼüë¶ɻ֮ɫţϸղҲ˵ˣֻҪƵ󷨣ôͻϾҴãɱ˻磬ѵд𣿡
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ܰ·üͷܹɢ˵עôֱӽ뵽ģǣǾͨ󣡡
ҶȻЦĴ·Ϻţ֮ĶԻǲȥˣھǿƵģ
ţĿһҶȻһԲתͷͻһ⣬뿪·ҲǴ߶˸ߴӡȴ뷢֮ÿ˶Լޱͷų˳
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ǿһҶ壬˫ֽס긫ĸҲһ춯صĴȡ
žһ죬ǿƣȻӲĽ·˿
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770 λ
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תͬϼֱʣҲ֪ɺϻ⣬ҶؿڵͼͶ䵽֮󣬾Ȼе۶ɵǸͼصһ
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һĻеӡ˺ǵͬ޶סˣȫһУȫ̧ͷſгֵһǧѷʢ
֪˭ȶſеʢڵأҲǷ׷Ч£ɲ֮䣬λ֮⣬еӡ˶ǹ˵ϣϺдϳ羴ɫעſе澰
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Ҷɨһܣӡλ϶ĿתĶſУûע⵽Լǰһ۵ĺ⣬ıͬʱߡ
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νЩ꣬ҶһĪչȻڣͼ޵ײ֮£ȻڰԼʵһĿ꣬Ȼϲˡ
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771 뺷ĺ
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ϵ´ĲϷԾ£һɨѾеξ۵ס
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ϵµͷ˵ħ޵һȻͬ죬ĲһһĻаƷ𣿡
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ţϸǸɴķȡһذףţĽеƣͬɢ⣬˺ǡ
ոѾһֹĺǣѾˣȻһλˣٱ˸еĻľΣˡ
ǧһ֮ʣкȻִһХ˲ͬʱ̧ͷֻɫĹӰʣ˵ǰ


772 ͯŮ
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һֻͻȻı£޴βһɨͽеıȫ𿪣ıҲȻſ۾˫֮б⣬зһŹֵ


773 ûƭ
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ҶٴıļЩ˾еһ壬ӡ壬Ǻһ֮ҺԼͬͬӣӦúʮĹϵ
ıԥĵͷ˵ûղǸС˵죬ҿȷ壬Ϊ˶壬֪ôǵνӡ塣
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774 ߼
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ǰһȸ½Ͻշһֻޣռһء
޵˲֮ͬ侹ȻһּΪĬĹϵܹͬΪ磬ҲһΪƬϵһλ֡
ģصǰͶԽԽ࣬쿪һȫµȺӡ壡
гΪӡ˵Ƕѧһ޵ķֱӡӡζӡȵȣӡķչ׳
֮ǰһ峤еԼǰһ˵ӡĸһ޽ĵطŴ֮ˣֻǽ壬պлĻһҪ취ǰ޽磬ڣ»ع鵽Ĵ󻳱֮УΪֻĿ֮壡
Ժӡÿһ峤ⷬμͷҲϵȥĴѰڣҲûзŹ
ȴһڴ˵еĵطһ޷ҵںӡ峤Ѱҡ
Ȼû뵽峤ȻĳˣҾƾ軳ݡ
λˣλ峤ǰҲǵһ峤еĸ֮ڣڣԸԸع飿
ӡȫ𾪵µĳĬ֮УίʵûϵԼȺȻ˲Ϊ֪ʷȻһʱ֮䣬޷
Ƭ֮ţȶϵ¹ȥ峤ģ
·ϺӡҲȫϵµǰϵĬĬĿԼˣջǽĿͶı
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վһԵҶЦص壬ڱѪ֮в֪ǣȻһǺˣȻʮֵĿġ
Щ˲壬ǵ֮Ҳû˵Ѫλ峤˵ǵĸ壡
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һĬ֮ԭȵӡͻȻͬĸߺл峤
ϵ£֮峤֮Ϻʹ֣֮͵һְǺúõȥԺҲὫ߼Ŀ֮ǣ
ѹӡлôһݣԭģһ˳һְ
ϵٴιл峤
ˣɣҲҵˣ
ı˵仰֮ϵµ˵ı̱þޱȣȻԸع壬ȴҲԸҶһˣǾ峤ҶˣôҿӵĻǲ廹ӡ壬޿ɿˡﰡ
ı仯ǼϷԣҲҶгԭΪܵ޳֮ʱ뵽ӡʽعĿܡ
ʵ˵ҶھǺϵǳһˣԣҶҲ̫ΪǣЦŵûҪݼң֣ҲǲʶȻ˴֮еᣬЩӦÿԽˣϣպܹƽദɣ
ȻͺڷҶ֣֮ʵҲȡ֮ټҶĲǰӣԼıĿע֮£ϵԥƬ֮ڳҶһֵлҶҶǰ
ôǸģƽ۽ɣ
ʵƽ۽ҶҲռ˴ˣϵµʵͱҶԪҪʮû취нʵΪ
˫ȻΪѣôϵµȻҶǽԭȵӡͣҶǺʹӦΪһҪϵҪǱ˵ΪҪġ׾ˣ


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Ͼ󲮵ĸ첲ѾûˣҲĻع壬ǳıӣҶҲ½ҹȥˡ
ںǣʵӡҲûʲôУϾŵڶ࣬ټⷽƣͽǵ㲻׵˾⣬ǰѾڷʮտյľ̳
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ӡ˳ƺΪħ֮ӵ飬ҶֱڻûиϵµĻʵ֣ħôһ£
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ҶѾȥྶͥĺǣͷħǲǱʥҪϡ٣Һû˵УѪħ֮һʲôĴأ
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ĬĬķһѾյľ̳ϾȻѵõĸֳһ˿Ȼ֮ɫĬƬ̺ͷ֪һ֪ħ
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ԼѰôõսһ׹ھȻİԼǰȻҶ֮Уⲻе㼤ԥһ֮˹ʶ˲ӿ֮С
Ƭ֮Ҷ۾˷ܵĵ֣ɷ׹͸ңԸö
ϵ¹һЦҶˣһ׹ѣ˸ûκãõĻȥǡ
һԵıƺҶе㲻˼ЦЦϵ˵û˵ֵħйû˿ôԼԹļֹϵ£һҸĵطҽ̸㣡
ϵ¶ʱϲͷл峤л峤
Ҷܲıⷬ˼мͬʱҲͲٿȻϵµ֣һи֮룬ҪְæֻæȽ鷳
Ҷ˵ֻҪģһȫԸ
Ͻ˸Լ֮⣬ҲΪ˸ҵδѰһڶҲѾҵˣ׼ȥ֮ȥףʱϣܹ


777 
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Ϊ˱ϵµ˵Ļɣı˸ڣ˵ͼеޣӶ׼չһϵºܸɴԽһʯ֮С
Ȼʯ֮ҲͱҶջѪҶԼǻصϵΪŵķ֮Уѩɡ
ԭȵӡȫԭʼиκμҾߵֻϯض
Ҷѩ򸾶һȻ޷ڵľ磬ǿԸںúƵжϳĿǰʵҲǽȣٴﵽ˳صľ磬Źȥʱ䣬Ȼںʱ֮лǳ
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һȻܹԼܵǿĴڣ
Ҷе㾪ȣּĴڣӵеͨҲԼġ
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뵽ӱˮҶϽսѧȫĻշ΢츮ӱˮ
ֻ飬еĲ£Ȼѩദʱ䲢ҶȴǽһȻϣİ˻κεΣա
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ѩ򸾾ȻҪԼؼңҶ˵ֱ֮õ飬ΪʱԼðæλʦο£Ҳа취ܹڵǸ꣡


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Ҷĳһ뽫Լʶͻʶ֮˳ʱڰ֮кȻһɫĹ㣡


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ڰеĽɫԽԽԽԽ󣬾ҶҲԽԽֱһɫӰ
Ȼ٣ȴĿһͷٵͬʿһӰ
ӰҶܵľ뵽пܾ΢˵ĻֻΪʲô΢ҪһӰս֮أ
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ӰĶսʩչʱҪ죬Щɫ·ߣ
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ʱ˿̣ȫԾҶΪģΧһȦεı
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Ҷʱ俪ʼԼĿǰʵսȻӵ˱ȹȥǿĹȫսʩչҲǼΪҪĴͨѨλԼڵӵĳ档
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ҶѡβѨ;Ѩ˳ѨµһѨλ
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ҶɻĿϵǣòΪԼʩչսٵǵļ԰ҪԼ˰ɣʵȫʵ޽һ԰
ƺǿҶ뷨ıæˣΪϣʱǣָһǵУһܹص޽ĻҲһ뿪¶˶׼ǡ
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֮Ҷѩ裬һҪȥҼҵңǸһ𣿡
ѩ迪ڣһԵѾһҶ磬Ǹһɣڱʵ֮ϣǿԳǰ
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ڱȻϣҶее㾪ȣԭΪͬԼշһѩǻὫҲսڡ
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ѩȻһЦҶģѩһٶȿһָʴıȻҲ̫
Ǿ̫ˣҶȻ뵽һµ裬һҪ鷳㡣
ʲô£
Ҷгһ裬һɫĹ㣬ꡣ
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ѩʵĴˣȻҪ鷳ѩˡ
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Ƭ֮ѩɢȥ̹⣬µݸҶЦŵѾָˣֻҪ壬ܸ̾
ϢʵҶʹõøӵ泩ǽıͻѪ֮󣬱źǣѩ򸾵ߣϵı


782 ǵ
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Ϊ˵ʵޣԱ֮еĳЩطĽƻǴڣܻķΧҲޡ
ҶͺҲǴһ־η֮пѩʵʵǿ˺ֵزܶ˻ֺĹΪĺ˱ĲƸ
֮˻ص֮УѩЦʵҶ磬ҪȥʲôطǺָķ򡣡
ȥǷֵʥϢĵط

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ҶͷǵģֻʥҵһλѣΪĳЩԭǷĵطڣȥų»ָɡ
ѩգգ۾ĽҶ磬˻ҪȻܺôΪѡ
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ȻҶѾ˷ôȻ͸ı·ߣתͷȥźǰ
ֻҶע⵽ˣ򸾶˲ٿرķȻҲ֮ͨʶΪǸûƶطȻԭأǱȴѾ΢΢Ĳ֮Уı˷
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ѩ˫ֳ°֮ͣɫĿҶ
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ĿҶһۺͽĿ˻ҡҡͷûʲô
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ȻҶѾ˺ǵôھһĵ֮¶Լ£ҵĸĸΪҲţֻǻĿܲôҸ


783 
ĸÿһ鶼ΪǣҵģȻҶʶôãûԼĸĸⲢźǾͲĸĸ
ֻΪ֮ǰ֪Լĸĸ˭Լļ֮ǶƾԼǿʳѵȥҪϵԼ׳Լʵ֮⣬ûʱȥĸ
ȻҲΪʲô˸߰ԭûκ˵İ£ȫԼȡ˽ĳɾͣȷŸ߰ʱʸ
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Ҷüͷȴô֪ǻĿܲôҸ
һĬ֮󣬺ǲſڵ㻹ǵǰϵ˵ں֮ܶǰһʥ޺ħ֮Ĵս𣿡
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ҿԸ㣬ʵģǳսΣĸҵļ֮Уֻǿһǰ㣬Ѿ𺳵ңΪôҵսǲϣ˽̫ϸ
ȻǵĸǵĸײħѪһ塣
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ûоһսоǳսҽһħޣὫйǳսͨѪԼĺԶǣĳЩǿеһ
Ҷͷʾף񵱳ĺǺڵѩһ֮ǿ󣬾ΪڣһλʴѪеļ䡣
ǽŵȻֻǿһǰ㣬ֲҵ龰ӿ⣬ٿ֮޷ģ
ֻһǰƬΣú⣬Ҷȷ޷ǳսжôֲ
˿ת˻˵սˣǳսҲֻ֪ħˣҴħޣΪսߣò뿪ԭ磬ȫеһӡ磬Զ뿪
ҶȻһ㲻Ծ˼˵ǳսսʥ޺ħޣһ磬ʥ޺ħޣ
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ҲΪʲôǻܿʥޣʥ޵ĺᣬȴû˵ħ޵ԭ򡣡
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ҶеȻһʲô磿סŵĶǶڵ˵߸ϵģǿ޿ƥеʥ޺ħޣ
㣿Ϊʲô磿
ʵǳģħе磬ʵһ࣬ΪǵѪǽµĲҺֵܹǸӡͽƵӰ죬뿪磡
ǾȻҲ飬һ磬ҶǴĳһѹַҶ˵Լ˽أǽǸԼЩԼԺǵ˽ǵ㣡
Ҷµɻ󣺡ĸײǵ𣿵ħްΪʲôҲ磿
̲סҶһ۵˵ô࣬ôףˣҴͷɣ
Ҷ룬͸ôͷˣβ𣬽ĶһһģԼײŹ֣
ں׼ʱҶȴǺȻ̧ͷ˴֮⣬Ҳ̧ͷȻһһǶһ֮󣬺ûĵˣɣԺ͵㣡
⣬ѩ˺˽˵ʵһֱ͵ΪǱˣܹĲҶͺǷ֣ΪղҪͷʼ˵ʱѩ̲סССļһ£û뵽ȴҶͺͬʱˡ
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ҲǺЦŵǵģǱǹͶ
ýˣǰڰֵҲˣɣҲЩ£ҲһЩϵ
ﻹæһƨжβסļոҶĴ澭صӸҶߣʱʱܹ̿ϲ


784 ص
絽жûԿ϶֮⣬һСš
С֮УһΪ磬ŵĶʵǿޱȵ࣬ʥޣҲħޣС
ֻԭס񣬶еĸ࣬޵ľ֮󣬾ͻΪǸʱǾӵ˴ԽҲͻǰ磡
򵥵˵Ĺ޵һ
ԭеʥޣħ޺ǹ֮ͬУĳһ죬ʥ޺ħ֮ȴһսֻΪڵҲ޷ٶֻܸѡӪеһ롣
ʥޡħ޺ʵ֮ǿҪˣô֮ĴսģͲҳ̶ȣȻҲ޷
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ħ޺ܹıԶסĽƷǳǿºҲ޷ͻƣ֮£ֻ深ܣֱǰħеһֻѪǺ֮һֻϵһ
Ȼħ޺ͬһӪѣȴǷǳ߰ģʮֽԼѪͳĴѪǺ͵Ľϣ⵽˫Ⱥķԣû뵽Ѫȴһֻǣħ޺еȵģֻССĺǾȻԲƺͷӡ
һ뿪ѾĻħ޺ǣֻǵֿһ˿ϣ˾֮ЭĽ磬ϣгһܹԼĸļ䣬Ӷеħ޺
ֻССĺȻĺǣҲ֪Լģ֮Լһ죬ѾīǸƬɭ֮ˡ
Ǻǵ
֮Ҷѩ趼ǾþòȻɻѾõ˽𣬵ȴ̫أ
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Щħ޺ȴһֱǿвɢĸĸܶѹֺǻ˵ĸĸĲҸ
ôǾȣǲأ
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֮ҶȻͬһķ˺ǵԴ֮ϣ֣ջʲôľҶ֧ͬһ֧㣡
ѩҲͬĵǴ磬Ҳǡ
ǵ֮¶˸м˵ͷ֮ȴѩǵĺˣǲξǶҪǣ
Ϊʲôһͼˡ
ȻѩȴͻȻ֮ˣǴ磬ǲǵģǵȣѩʴˣվʥһߵģ
ǵģǵͷҵλڣǻʣһλǲ֪ĶǶվħߵģǵڣľͲˣ
Ҷü֣绹ϵȻǰ磿
ӦǵģҲ²⣬ڵǰ磬ȴǵĿܻǵǰħ޵ģôӦҲᱻ͵磬ǵǰʥ޵ģôܼ磬ǰ硣
˵ѩϵȻʧЦЦҲǵ˭ֻ֪ҵѣ֮ԾܾǵİҲֻǲϣǱ뵽Щ֮Уǲ˾ᡣ
ף
ˣͬһһЩ˵ҵҲˣƾͷˣȥ˯һᣬطң
仰֮󣬺ǾͲˣԹԵ˳ȥ
ȵȷԶ֮ѩѹҶ磬ô
ҶʼҸղ˵ˣξҶ֧Ҷ˽⣬϶ҪȥģʱȻһȥ
ѩҡҡͷҶ磬Ҳ֪Ǵ϶ȥ磬ָĲǣȥ֮Щħ޺Ǳǳȥ߱ȥʥ޿Ļô죿
⵹Ҷû뵽ģȷܣҶȴһ⣬Ц˭ұƺκ飬ǶҪȹأ
ȻСֹڣҾϣʴҲվħǱߵģĻǾͿԺǴһȥ磬ûܺʥսһ
ΪǵĹϵǰݼڣȻȻҲվħߣΪʺᣬԸ֮Ҳźսĳɷ֣Դʱ˿̣иܹԼչһֽţ
ĻҶѩ費ЦˣҶȴһָпǵԼȻһЩ֮ԼĸҲѪ塣
һѪ壬һѪǣҲԼͺǵʶڤڤ֮⣡


785 ľ
֪ʥ޺ħ֮ĶԹҶеΪʲôҪźһˣΪϾӱˮҲʥ޺ᣬһҲӵдмĻû׼ͺǳΪˣ
ʱҪɱǵĻԼǼм䲻ˣ
ҶţڵӱˮǾɱǵ
Ҷ֪ʶΧ֮ڣ֮ʵĻʵܼ򵥣ʥʵߣϵʥ޺ϵµͬĲǵѪͳʥ޺ʥ޽ϵĲ
ξʥ޺֮µӵѪ࣬ʥ޺ᣬߣӰºӱˮ
ٽȥǱޣβѩţԼĺǣΪгֹһλǿʣʹǳΪ˱ޣ֮ͬǿ࣬ʥ޺ʥ޺ȴҪһЩ
ޡ޺ͨ࣡
ħ޵ʵȻ˵ʥ޼ҶûۼҺҲǴħޣֻħ޵ĺᣬԸ޷Ƚϡ
ڵʵ϶رߣԶԶ޷ӱˮ࿹⣬ֻΪħ޵ݣŻеһּԴڱܵη塣
Ҷʮ־ᣬĿǰҲûʲô취ֻܵȼˮ֮˵ˡ
ʱٶȹȻǼ죬һµʱ侹ȻѾ˷͵Ͽգ·Ǳߺ֮о΢츮ڡ
Ҷܾ˺Ǻѩ򸾵ĸ棬Լ˺У·Ǳȥֱ΢츮
΢츮ԾǸӣΧһȺ˵ʬ廹ֹƯš
ҶոշųԼϢ֮ӱˮ̾ȻһֱڽĵȴҶĻ
̫ˣҶˣѧս˰ɣ
ˮҶĵǸٴӿͷ
ʵ˵ʵڱˮûκεĶ⣬ǳ壬Ϊˮ飬඼޷ģ֮ԴӦȻõ΢츮Ǵ󲿷ֵԭȴΪñˮػɡ
ڣ벻ı仯
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ˮ˷ܵĴЦ㻹ʲôʩչսϽΪ΢츮˰ɣ
ĬƬ̣ҶٴοڵˮǰһмҪ㡣
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Ҷ۾ԼĲ²ȷģӱˮȻҲӵдм䣬Ҳ֪ǳս
Сӣ㻹ûûо͸Ͻʩչս
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ܣħ޶ˣôܻħ޵Ĵڣ
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ˮĵ̾˿ҺݣôȻƲǣǡҶ֪֪ʥΪʲôӮħ𣿡
ˮһǡ֮󣬾ȻʳҶһ⣬ҶеͬʱȻҲҡͷ֪
Ϊʥ޵õ˾İ
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仰ͬһһ㣬ҶĶը죡
ѹʥҪǿħޣȻܸʥޣԭԭ˾İʥȻʵܻħޡ
˰ɣȻ˵һħƲģΪ˾Ľ룬첻ңҲ΢˺ĳˣԣֻҪֻħ޲ңҲκεľף
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Ҷһɨգ˵ĳ˾ѣȻԸ°ֻҪ֪Ǿ죬ôҲڻͱˮһԼĵȻͲᷢˡ
ʧͬʱҶȴðһɻȻãԼǵһ֣һҪԿľֵ֣ˣһĽоĳˣ͵Լǰ׳ԼĶ顣
ӵõѪ쿪ʼӦþʽʼˣ
ѪǣˮҲ滹и˳֣
ֻǵ˭ܹ˴ֱʺ;ϣôһľأ
ħ죿
΢ˣ
ڤڤ֮еĳֻ֣
Ҷе˲


786 츮
ھУ
뷨ȻҶе˲ҲɼһжĻôԼҲֵֻܰĲüȥһ㣬ֻҪԼ㹻ǿôа취֣ҵĻĲߡ
ҡҡͷҶŬĽ뷨˦˳ȥһˮǰҾʩչսܷ΢츮Ľƣ
ɣ׼ˣ
Ҷ˵ͬаһҡٶȼ죬һԹۿĻԻۻңĿϾӣ޷ҶĶȴܴиܵһȵ
ǧ׵ĺڰ磬ͻȻһ⣬⻯һֻ֣㸲׵ҶͷϿسظ
֮ϣַ·͸¶һǿƾõبϢ΢츮ǽյĴ˹ȥ
սȻֻһʽаǧ仯ҶĸļȻҲͬı仯֮
Ȼƿ΢츮ΨһսҶж΢ǳ˾⣬κƿţǾ۳һֻɫ֣ƿȳѾõĴš
ֽ˸ԽԽڽҫ֮£ʼƯ츳ܵЩ˵ʬǶֹͣƶҿԿ΢츮Ĵţ츮ǽ֮ϣĸֳһһ޴ʽ·һƬĳַһ
ЩŲǿʵƾո֡
ˮʱ··СӣȻ΢˲µĽ·֣ο϶ûˣ
·
Щ·Ȼ΢µǿƣЩ·ҶͻȻûɵһ
ԼܹЩ·ҲԲóǿķƣĻֻҪҶҵ̻ܿЩ·ǾҲͻư
ҶٵƶʼŬļסЩ·
Ȼ·΢츮࣬飬һһ·а״Сϸ֮£Կʵ󲿷ֵ·ͬģͬ·ֻжʮѡ
ڼӵйĿҶ˵סʮʽ·ʲô£ֻǣҪסǵ˳Ǿѵöˡ
ɫ˴֮ʱȻǼΪỺԾɱ˾˵ơ
䣡
УźȻ𶯣һС϶汬ǧϹ⣬ͬһϵӶȥЩ˵ʬ壬һϹ⣬̾ͻҷ𣬻ޡ
Χĺˮ񿪹һ㣬ľ޴ˮݣһļڲѡ
ƬϹ죬޾ĿĹ⻪ţڿеѩ˺͸ķ͵µĵǶоˡ
Щ˵ǻΪүŭŵüæһڵͷ
ѩȻ֪϶ҶŪĶֻǲ֪ʲô
Ǵ磬Ҷ粻Σհɣѩĵʵ
ҡҡͷᣬͷһʽŹֵսˣӦûоȫԿ϶Σա
ǵĲ²һ㶼ҶûȫͷսΪս̫ˣܹƽһɽһƬ֣Ȼ֪΢츮ӦûôСһ㻹ûġ
֮£ҶɫƽվǼˮǷڵˮݣԾشƿƬǽһӰ죬ȫעĽ΢츮𽥶Ĵš
ڣȫĴ򿪣ӳҶľһͷţСޡ
Դеͷʨӣͷ֮˫ǣ塢Ⱥβ϶ϸܵۡ
Ȼӱˮ
̫ˣ̫ˣˣ
ˮһ߿з˷ܵ˻һӴ֮гҶ
΢츮Ȼ˿̴ŶǧĺףǺˮȴ޷ӿţˮ֮ܳĺˮҲԶԱ˿Ǳˮ֮Բ֮ڸûаˮ
ӱˮֵ
ͬΪӵıˮĴ±ʵʮǧҶ֪Щʥ޺ᣬɸıĴСȻҲС
ˮһܵҶߣ̬ǵԼֻҶҶллˣ
ҶҲǰ˿Цŵˮǰ̫ˣӦ顣
úǰʵĻұͻСֱӽҵֺˡˮζԴ˫ǹסҶ½ڿʼ΢츮ˣҴι۲ιۣ


787 ŵ
ڱˮĴ֮£Ҷ¶˶ǿ΢츮
ʵҪˮŲιۣΪҶ˫Ÿո츮ţҲ֪ͻȻðһϹ⣬ֱӽҶ˸ӱˮȴĸϹ֮⡣
ˮҲ֪϶΢ȸҶλ츮úõģȻҪҶй΢츮й˵顣
Ǳˮ;ſ˵ϣ˫ĿĶҶȴϹ֮г
Ϲ֮£Ҷ񲻽еһ󼤵ţһ˾Ȼƾճǰ
ɫۣͷһ߸߷٣ЦݵĴߣҶһ۾ϳǽԼսǸɫӰȻҲ΢ˡ
ݱˮĽܣ΢ļƽ֮У˵Լеһλܣô֪ʵ;ǿʲôزҶԼҲᵽսĿֲһֱһɳ羴֮顣
ȻҶ֪ڳԼǰĲ΢ˣͨһӰ񣬵ȻЩ
ȻҶļһԭǾ΢Ҳľˡ
Ȼ;֮Ѿ̫εĽԼ壬ҶĴûмھˡ
Щ˵ʬ嵱Ȼ㣬ϾԼ޷ǣǵ塣
ԭΪЩ˺ԼЩͬǵӰȴԼûʲôôɲ˵ˣʵͨһľ֮ĸ߼ľ硣
û׼鳾֮ߣ
ֻҶһ룬ʵΣֻܵȵպлĻȥ֤ʵˡ
΢˵˫۾񣬸ҶĸоվԼǰһеš
ڣ΢˿ˣܹսʶⲢζĳΪ츮ˡ
΢츮ľѪ޽ɣȻҲҪΪһʵˣˣҳ˴֮Ľ֮⣬츮ڲһ˾ŵƣֻȫȥŵƣӵ΢츮
ⷬȻҶеһ⣬ȴûʲôʧ䣬˵ʵ΢츮ȻǻԶûеӵвɵĵز
ãûҲνϾҶѾӵһ㹻æѪˡ
΢˾ǿҶνһϵЦݼ˼ֵҿǰһŵ֮󣬷ֱǲо˵ǿĶеǹеսеǱܹ֮ƵŵƣôȫܹȡҵĵλΪĴܣпʵҶδܴɵԸ죬죡
ҶղŵνȻɹı΢˵ⷬ˵е㶯ҡˡ
̻죬֮ģҶ֪˾е֣졣
Ĵ΢˶δ죬ҶĿԿ϶ʵǾŸ鳾Ҫ߼ľ߷ֱסĵطԵһʵͣȻԽʵԽߡ
ƿŵƣп죡
仰Ҷһ˿ȻġѪսΪطԴ֪˾׹ħ춼ĳط֮Ҳһ˿ҡ
ħӦѾ׹˼£ǼȴȻס֪ʲôطǾ˵׹޵еġ
ħһУҶ˽⣬Ҳ֪ʵ൱ھһǣȻҲ޷Ƚϡ
ˣ˵΢츮ܹĶģѪսĹܱ֤ԼĻôԼһϡ
һѪ΢츮ĵ棬ʱΪ츮ˣΪȻҲһЩö⣬ҲһƺŵĶɣ
һƵĺ棬һ׿ռս
ȻܹѧսӦ֪ʲôǿռսռսֻһ̶ʩչµ׿ռսȴܹڹ̶֮ʩչһ磬һ磡
Ҷж΢츮νΪ΢˵һ仰׵߽⡣
ڹ̶֮ʩչĿռսԴһ絽һ磡
Լս
ڵľ磬ԼĸڵѪ磬ǺǸĸڵ磬Щ֮磡


788 츮ռ
Ҷ֪Լһ϶뿪磬ǰ磬Ǿ˻Ѱףֻ֮ǰǰȫû˿ͷǽҵ˷
ֻҪܹѧ΢׿ռսôԼĿʵˡ
΢˵ӰĴҶǰֱʧ
ҶϹ֮߳ˮӭȥôǲǿ΢ˣ˵ʲô
Ҷʵˮ΢˵ĸҪӵҲǸӵĳ羴ΪϾ΢˾
ҶҲûͷ㽫Լղŵľ˵˳ˮ֮۾ɵԲﻹоŵƣҲ˵ôʵҶֻ츮Χ
²һɣ㵱˵Ľƶ˵Ч𣿡
ˮ̧ͷ˼һֻ츮ĽƶЧ츮ڵĽƣ֣Һȷûʲôư
ڱˮȥЩطûƣҶҲ޷شֻܵˮҲˣ㻹ȴĴתתɣ
ǱˮʹҶ츮֮ת
ҶûмˣողŴӺʱвι۳ǵڱˮĴ£ʶ츮֮ڵĲ֮̾Ϊֹ˲˼֮У
λ΢ƺһλţǿޱȵսȻܿͬʱҩʦʦݣ֮Ҳԡ
Ϊ츮֮Уűе󷿣
֮⣬һټĲ¥УҲŵޣޡ޵ȵһϵеĹ
һҶ΢ȻǸӵˣѹܳΪĴܣ
츮ҲǴˣһתҶûȫ߱顣
ˮȻΪӣ֪Ķĺ٣еĸ֮Ǻ֪
ҶͲͬˣˮֻ΢츮һ֮ʶ˲Ծ
ΪĻһ߹·̣Գ˴΢츮ôֻһ
󷨣
Ҷ뵽ĵһͷ
΢츮֮ӦǰһЩ߼󷨣ڲŻþ޴ޱȡ
ܿҶͷԼ²⣬ΪʶﲢûܵӰ죬󷨵ĻĳЩط϶Ź֣һ·ûзκβԾ֮
ǵʲôԭأ
Ҷͣˮ̲סߴٵҶ߰һأΪˣôҪ츮˽ɣ
ˮĻȻҶԼô΢˸ո˵ĻҪΪ츮ˣҪԼѪ档
ʵԼֻǸˣҶҲĽԼһѪ뵽˵档
𶯣ʱֳ֮һ·ޱȣȫ𣬻һϹ⣬ҶԺ
ǰĿǰҶ֪й΢츮˽⵽Щ֮ҶȻ
Ȼû󷨣ſռ䣬һһͬĿռ䣡
󷨵ʵƣֻɵĿռǶռģһĿռ䣬Ȼȫ΢ͨǿпٳӵһ
ˣŻý츮˸о޴ޱȣҲκͻأĴԽռĸо
˵ټ򵥵㣬΢츮һ޴Ŀռ䳾һ磬粢ûʲôϵ
ʵڿռ⣬ĿǰҶû֪Ͼʵޣˣ΢˵ʵҲޱˡ
ټתȥҶñˮԼֻ΢ʮ֮󣬾һȹرյĴ֮ǰ
ŷǳͨߣͨ˼ҵķһ
ţˮȵĵôûм
΢˲µĵһƣ
ƣԣ
䣬ˮѾֱӳ˴ţȻոտţ֮ɢһϹ⣬ֱӽˮ˳ȥ
ȻŵƣڱˮͬķãҶҲһ£ͬҲ޷򿪴š
ԼĿǰʵ޷ƿƣҶҲżڻкܶԼûнʱ뿪
ˣˮ΢츮ҴѾ˽ˣҿԽ뵽ҵ֮дߣǼ츮֮Уȥ磿
Ȼȥˣ
ˮ˸˷ܵĹâôãѾʲôȻʮڴˡ
Ҳãһѡ
ѣҿɲ֮κѣ
ֻ࣬ޣһֻħޣ


789 ӵ
Ҷűˮ˺Ǻѩǰʱֻ༸ͬʱǿƣţһʱ֮ձʮֵء
Ես⣬ҶЦæվǵм䣬˴Ϊǽһ£ǽˮصĽһλǶҵѣͳ⣬֣ˮңǶŹͬĵˣϣܹ֮ͬЭʼոԱŵ⡣
ѩԼϢҶ磬ģ
ԥһҲͷӦֻкԾĵűˮҶܹ⣬Ϊħ֮ӵĺ˵ʵ޷ʥ޳⡣
֣ҵĻôҲͬαˮ
Ҷһ仰ĿһҶ֮ҲԼս⣬ĬĬߵһԣҶ˿
ѩһתЦеʵҶ磬һȥİǻ𣿡
ǵ¸Ŀĵһɭеˮ̶һҪųһλѣ
ȻҶⷬ˼ֻк֪Ҷ׼ȥˣ
ѩӿĺ֮ɫҶ̲סЦˣҡҡͷȽƶķĵȸ½Ȼһ㣬йλѵģһӦ˵Ĳһʥޣ
˵ҶȻʶˣʵҲʥޣǰ˵ӦͬͺǳˣǶͺ֮䣬Ӧ˵Ƕߵ֮䣬ѣ
ϴκǻ׿˵ǻһվħߵġ
ܵҶ񣬺Ǿ֪ʲôĵ㱻ƭˣͲʥ壡
ҶȻ۾壿
Ⱥǻش𣬱ˮѾȻζԼԴ֮пûжһ֧˵ܹݶԵֻ࣬ˣ

ˮŵбĿܣȻֿ΢΢
ҲͷǵģһֻֻܱʼնԼ壬ΪԼȡⶼѧ࣬ӣ
Ҷգգ۾ʼΪʥȻڲ֪ԭԼƭˡ
ֻһֻӵˣ
ǣǻôѣ
ںǻںʶˣһͬĵˣ֣֮ǻʽѣȥ磬ϧǸһʥУǻʲŻѡվħߣҲûܱɳǵЩ䶼Һ̳ˡ
ĽԼ֮ĹϵȻлЩû˵
ҶȻҲûмȥˣ˵ʵִзʽȻкõķ棬ʵҲǹҵġ
ЩԴڲ֪ǰļ䣬Ūͷˡ
ʱ䣬˱ںʱ֮и֮ڵִڵɭ֡
ҶǵһǰǴźһ
ɭ֮ȻڵĺǺҶ˵ȫЩģľ˽ȥ
ʱ򣬺ͻȻҶҶΪʲôúõҪѱˮǶͷų㾿ʲô
ҶϾȻ¶˲˼ɫʵҲûʲôһǴӦǣҪɣϣǵĹ⣬ӭȢ磡
ǵ۾ȻԲˣӭȢ磿
ҶͷˣҿǷ̫ˣΪֲҾλȥ֮󣬾ʽײףӭȢţңҪһԶĻ񣡡
ԣ׼ӱˮӭȢ磿
ǰ
ǶҶ󵨵뷨ʵͶأʥޣʥ޺ᣬޣȵȣҲԼֻħڣӭȢϱʷΪʢĻˡ
ҶƺøǵĴ̼ŵһ׼ȥɽǰڲڣΪýˡ
㡭
ǳ׵ƿˣŵҲ˵Ǿ鳾ĳǿߣʥͯ½껣Ķӣʵĵһ֣ýˣ⣬ֻҶܹĳ
ʵǵҲʮֵĸˣΪҶֵܣļˣܺĪףζһϲ¡
Ȼټ˴ģǰ޹ˣҲǺߵĻúǶҶĻҲǳڴ
֣ʵҽͳͳټиԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿡
뿪֮ǰ׵ھƾһ˵޷쵽Ҫͬˮͬĳǿĸֵİ


790 ػ
뿪磡
ǵ۾гһߣҪȥģ
ʱûã϶Ҫ뿪ģҲҵ뿪ķұҪʼһĽκοܶҵ˺вĶ󣡡
˸ң
仰֮󣬺ȻӿٶȣڣҶҲǽһһǣâܿˮ̶Աߣ
ˣ
ȻӣôҶȻҲݡ
Ҷʧˮ̶֮Ϻܿ췺һһһ޴ǵˮݣţ˶Դʹˮ̶֮ð˳ĥ̴Сг˾ϲ
Ŀ⿴֮ʱϲȴ̱㣬ǻʣ
ڵĺǺ͵ĺ֮ѹֶϲ
ʵԺǵȫԱ仯ǰģȻǸϲԼڵӣټʱ䶼ǺҶһҲñˡ
ϻȻˣҲװˣҵļѾȫָˣ
ǺĲݣʱϾȻһ˿ΣǻʣҲ̫ˣôĽ飬ôҲҶǰӰ
꣡ޣѧҪʲôӣ
˺ˣۿǶҪˣҶæԲˣʵΪΨһпܱޣѾǼΪĴˣȫҪš
ȻǸͷԼ򵥵ļһҶĻʱеƮƮȻ˵ҲǰܹҪǻҪ߼һ㣬ٺ٣Ҷܷ𣿡
Ѿʹû긫ˣҲұ֤϶ܹϵԿɣ
Ҷģ
Ǿ޴ͷ­ȻԾˮ棬Ǳ׳ĺɫŵĺ塣
ҶҲ飬ֱӷִӺ󱳳˻긫
űĻ긫Ȼ˿ĭҶ㣬Сĵ㰡ҵҲˣ
ģ
Ҷ۾еޱתţһ㣬ˮϵʼεĽԼյ֮תֱת޼᲻ݵĽϵ
ϵǵ˼֮ҶȻ۾˫֮кȻǽ䣬ټ֮ɢĽ⣬˶Ѿͽϵʥ긫ȫںϵһ
Ļ긫ϣɢϵϺͰ
Ҷӿ˾֮ĸоļǵüǰҶһ긫޷СһȻڣܹ谭ĸ߾ٻ긫һ긫еƺȫͷ˳
ѹֻ긫ѡΪأ
ʱĶͻȻ˺ǵĴǲǴӦҶֻҪͷ㣬ͻΪ£
ǰ΢΢һΪʲôʱǻʳ⡣
Ļҽ㣬˵ˣԺþʹҶߣҪ뿪
Ϊʲôǻʣôô׽ˣѵ㶼˵ڵ𣿱ȸҪ˰ɣ
ҪǻʣǺǣҵȻûΪɣ㣬ҪҪ
ǣ㵽ʲô˼
㻹֪ĴɣץŵˣʵΪ˾㣬ΪĴǼΪΣյģһȺ࣬Ѱ㣬һ㱻ҵǵȴĿ½ˣ
ץΪ˾ңңʲô࣬Ϊʲôң
ӱе㲻ãںǵⷬǶǵĻǽŪͿˡ
ΪݣΨһܹ࣡ˣ㲻ôˣΪЩҲǺңҲƭ㣬Ầ㣬ŹͬĵˣҲ²й飬ߵȺࡣ֮ĳõĻǾ͸ҶߣΨһܹˣ
˶٣ǽŵУҸ˵Щ㲻ҪҶ֪˵Լı⣡
׼ȥʱͻȻӿһƬ⣬ͬҫ۵Ĺâ޼᲻ݵ˲仮˿ռ䣬ǰ
꣡
һ޴ͻȻоԼȻһᣡ
Ƭ֮γѰĴķһ˷ܵ˼µźˣˣ𣡡
һ޴ĺɫӰȻˮ̶֮г
Ҷ긫²˱õı֮У΢ЦĿ˷ܵڿͬһٳʮ׵ľ޴룬ܹվϣðһʥԼȥӭȢ磬ǾǷǳ׳۵ľ


791 ɽ
ȻӲãǶҲΨһǻʵĻŵģټֵ֪Ҷ߳˺֮⣬Ȼӱˮֻβѩ֮Ҳĸı⣬ҪҶߡ
ҪȻҶϲӣԭֻ׼Լ£ȻڼȻϸԼߣȻǸˣԥĴӦˡ
һ޻ص˺ʱʱ˶ɹѩ򸾺ӱˮע⣬ȻǱ˴֮ҲδΪӲ࣬Ժܿ쾹ȻͺǴһƬ
ദȻҲǳҶϣΪĴڣúǾȻҲѵõ£ֻ˷ܵĵһڽҶˡ
ǰһֻ϶䶯ǿ࣬ͬһۼһ٩٩̸ҶǸе˵ͬʱҲǸпǧ
ʵǿʵǵľͦġ
ǿбͬ࣬Ȼڱܵη壬ǵͬᾴηǣ֮ȴҲԶ˺ǵľ롣
˵ӱˮǺˣǱǹ¿꣬ȫԼǿʳ浽ڡ
˺ɵ֮⣬ˮ̶֮ʱ䣬ӱˮΪ˶׷ɱԼԼ壬ҲǶ΢츮֮ǧʱ䡣
ںˣڲٹ¶ˣȻ˴֮䲢ͬ壬ƵľݣܹΪԶѣΪ˴˵ˡ
ֻ˷ܵĽ̸һ֮Ҷòǵλͣ£˵ɣ
ѩȷӦͷҶ磬ȥİǲǻҪȥࣿ
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ʵǺҶһȥλŵģҲ֪ŵƢŹ֣ټҶԼȥţ϶ǹĻ£ȻҲǲܵ飬ֻεͷӦ
Ҷܿдһţ˺ǣȻֻλȻҵѣЩұǰ˵á
Ҷ̬أȻҲӣ̧ͷĿҶ
ǶûкѣҲǺ˽⣬ĳЩܻܿǷУϣǣΣǸ԰ȫ֮£ȻĻҪ׳ֹࡣ
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Ҷ磬ģһලЩǵģ
ѩ֮Сȴһ仰ǳ׵ĽҶĹǣǺǣ᲻ѩӡ
裬ллˣҶЦŵ˵ͷȻŵ⣬ҼǵܹˣΣȻôӳȥʮоŸֱӱ
ȻӣҶȻģȻġЦС֮УӴѸһһµˣòԲ͸żֺ
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Ҷ˴ĴָǲҶڣһΣѪ֮Уָֻԭȵĺǵģ
ˣλǾҶټˣ
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ʵϣ½껵ҶҪǿһЩ

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죬ڵȵˣҶĳ֣Լǿһϣû֪ʲô취ɹ½껽׻ҶһӶŤתս֣ҶշΪʤ
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ҶҶңҶԪųԼǰĶһŮԼϤĺǺһͷͬСţһĹޣԵе޴롣
ҶԪûм棬ԴҶȵ֮ҶҵĸֱȱȽǣո߸ϵĳֵֶ֮ͬ꣬һᣬȻһŮʵǳƯĹͷ
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ˣүүҶ˵еҪȥ죬Ǵһţ˼ȿɡ
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ȻԼӵţҶԪȻҲ飬ԴҶϮȥ֮һûмҶˡ
̯ţҶԪϸĿ
ſţҶԪϾԽԽ˷ܣȵȫ꣬ͶҪֵȥˡ
ѽ⺢ӣ֪żˣһΪ㻹ϸʮأ̫ˣ̫ˣô飬ҵ֪ͨˣ
һĹ򣬳Զ޺Ҷ֮⣬еҶˣȫۼ˴֮С
ԴҶϮ֮ȻҶִӴȺλ̫ϳ󣬵ҶԪȴǶҶ׿е飬ÿһοˣʵûб仯ģܵҷã
үһ£ҶҲΥҷĳͷɲǿЦģҶڶסڼУŬ
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ҶԪеŵǶţ˵֮󣬾Ҫȥɽףھȥ׵ˣȽϢȥ֪ͨɽ֮һЩкˣ
ⷬҶ˶Ǿϲӣ϶¶ЦݣҶҪˣϲ°
ҶҶߵҶƷɵǰЦŵ磨ܣϲϲ
ҶƷȻҲͻϲѶŪˣʱŷӦЦͬϲͬϲ
Ҷ˷ܵĴе̫ˣҪˣҪˣٺ٣磬ǲǸץˣ
Ҷûĵһ۵Сƨһȥ
Ҷڵܰ棬ѩ費§סĸ첲ԭĽֵÿġ
ˣˣ
ҶԪִ˵ЦֵɵˣϽ׼ɣ죬ȥǶڣȥ׼Ƹ񣬼סҿڣҲȱʲôƸһҪأһҪ˿ǵ˼ȥ
үӵİ֮£ҶƷ֮⣬еҶ˶쵽˸Եһϲصæµȥˡ
Ʒɣȥˣ
ϵµĴ£ѩҪ絽µʱ䣬ȻǵҶ˶Ǹе𾪣ȻҶİţȻҲܾļ롣
Ϊ˷ֹһҶҲûסҶңҶԪֱ˵ͬϵ˵ˣһжȵҶ֮ϵҲͬ⣬ʱסɭ֮С
ҶԪҪҶƷȥˣһתĸȥһȻѩ򸾣ͱˮҲȫȥ


798 ͸ж
ɭֵıԵشѾ½һЩªľݣסŽİˡ
Ȼǲ˵㣬ѾϰҲʲô
ͻȻֵҶԪˣϵµûʲô⣬Ȼֻޡ
ѩ򸾺ͺǣϵѾȻĲ񿴵Ѿӱˮʱƾ豾ܲǶߵǿȺǵʵҪ̫߳ࡣ
ͬޣǵĵ̱ѻȸӺΪСĶԾſ˵ϡ
û취֮еʵȼ൱ġ
Ǻѩ򸾸ҶԪǰǵ޷֧ʹˣˮ򴿴Ƕе档
ǿôָ࣬¶˷ܵɫȻܹĳЩ຦Լںӵ˵һ൱ֵԺ飬͵͵ͱºǵû
ûĵһۣ
ϵµеҶԪֻǿǰԼҪʲô
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ҶԪҲæϣҶղ˴һţ˵йһЩ顭
ҶԪ˵꣬ϵѾŵ˸˵ҵٶȿķǲѾ׼ˣʱԳ
ԭҶϵµ飬ϣȣţȻӭ׵ʱҲҪų档
ʵˣȻµȷ֮һὫ͵ַǣȻ鷳ˡ
ү̫ˣΪ˰£ǵң鷳֮˵ԺҪȥĻүɸ֪ͨһ¾ͳɣǰ
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ϵ¼ԼĶ⣬ҶԪúõԼʲôǸ
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Ҳ˵ˣȻǿǹȥһʹһҪúöԴǣһǵǸҲʽסҶң
Ҷ֮ΣʵҶ뵽ˣ£ҶԪһҪƴˣԩ˽ⲻ˽ᣬȻϴϸԼô˲˲ãʵûҪٽԶ룬ȻܻԹ϶ӶһЩҪ鷳
ҶţҶԪڸеͬʱҲʮֵĸˣҶܹӵ˲ؽ󣬶ԼŹȥЩ֥ùӵ飬ʼ޷ͻ
Ȼʵ˵ôǿ󣬵ƾϵºͬʥĲݣܹԼǨҶң˵ǵĳˣٿԼôԴǵģ
ȻҶҵĴŶǽİ˶Ҫɭ֮У˼ª
ˣŻҶƷϵµˡ
ҶԪĻϵڴͬʱҲһů
ʵ֮Ը˳ҶȫǳڶҶĳ羴η壬ϾҶһʩչսʵǳ׵ĴҪҶΪеͷ
Ȼʱ˿̣֪Ҷڼ֮оȻҶԪչ˺ԼˣʵĸܵҶΪ˺֮ıģȷֵ׷档
ϵҲʵĵүӣɷˣʵǶѾϰʲôʣסͦõġ
ҶԪһϣҪǲϸһȥҴӽ쿪ʼҲͰᵽסˡ
⡭
˵ǴϰǵĺأȻҶҲ˵ж฻ԣסҶң龧ʯ֮ĸеĶǻܹṩġ
ҶԪİٰȰ˵ϵڶˣһҧһͷȻүӺ˶ʢ飬ҪƴǾ̫ʶ̧ˣлүˣͰȥҶҡ
ʲô죬ھߣ
֮£ϵֻڼʰҶҡ
е˴ǵͬ޸˵ЦҶԪϵµԶȥֻ޵ж¶һַĵο
ܹ˺ƽദһˣΣҶ֮⣬Ҳûطܹˡ
ҲΪҶĿܵӴ֮ҶֶһȺĹʿͼˣͬػҶҵİȫ


799 
Ҷ¶ΪҶʼĻ¶æһŵʱҶȴȻɽϣǰţͷš
ҶɱʥͯѾȥʱˣҶŸˣ˭Ҳûȥ˭
Ҷûˣֻһȶսִ߶˻긫ѪİԾɽڵգΪ½껣ӲƾּƬ̵Ļͻ߶ӿˤ䡣
ˣû½֮Ҳڵ˼ޣ˸Աչء
Ҷѹ۾ǰȻˣʱؿڵǸ֮˿ѾȫϣһĺۼҲڷ£ŵʵȷɲ⣬һ¸ܻ
һʱ֮Ҳ۾˫֮еĹâȻһţȻҶһļµĸоɼѾָȫʵ
΢΢һЦСӣɾˡ
Ҷæҡͷʵǰʵ϶а취ܹԸʥͯġ
ٸҴñˣڵҵȷ׻ɱǵü͵Ϯ֮ҸͲĶˣ㲻ǲǿ϶ᱻץˡ
ŵĻҶһ⣬Լڻ긫ļЩйʦĻ棬ԼԼЩʣҲܹŵĿҵһЩ𰸡
ǰµʦΪ㲼óɽôȻϣҲΪ˱㣬ⱻץ߰ɣ
Ҷ仰ŵɫȻһ䣬ѿڶô֪ģ
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ৡһֱվһӴͬɽһۣͷҶֶȥҶҪΪңſڴƻƣôܼʦ
ͬɽţҶȴ˿ĵ˵ĶʵҵȷǼʦȻô֪ԭֻǣûпҡ
ŲûԼƣӸ£Ҷô£
ҶٴνĻ긫ȡ£ŵԼǰ֪ǰǷϵ
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ŵһŭֱɽ󣬲ѿǼȼַŭ
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ͷɫϻȻе𾪣ȴûбŵ
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꿴һţ˵ͷŵһ˫Ŀ֮н˸ȻѾ뵽˻ļ֮С
ȵſ֮Ȼһƨ˵ϣԼƣĵԭ֮⣬һϵʥ㣬Ȼ㵽ڵ飬Ϊʲôȴ޷Լأ
ҶȻŵһµʦѾ˲⣬Ҳȴȥֱʵǰܸܲң⾿ô£ΪʲôʦҪЩ壬ʵȴǱ˴Ź飿
ĬƬ֮Żعһ̾ҶʵѵһδɽʱҸûҪɱǣ֪ԭ𣿡
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ΪǺһһŴȱΪģ
ŵĿ佱ҶûлӦǵȴ˵ȥ
ȱżҿ϶Ὣ֪鶼㣬֪Ҳ̫࣬ͱȷ˵ͽϵʥ飬ңѹ֪ҲǺԹͬƲһЩͼ
ű۾˻֮УƬ̺۾Ӧ֪Ҳˡ
Ҷͷ֪ˣϸû壡
ҵĹ磬Ļ缫Ϊƣֲ࣬࣬Ҳ壬Ǳˮƽˮƽ߳ʵ̫࣬ʱҾѾ鳾һ֮ˣҵʵֻһ㣡
Ҷ˿磬˵鳾ˣǳǸˣĶֻмˣ鳾ӦҲУȻϡ٣Ȼ磬鳾Ȼֻһʵ
ʵ֮ߣʵ޷ˡ
Ҷȵӣŵ¶һ˿Ժͱŭͱ棺ǲǣȻҲᱻΪˣΪǵǿ˾ע⣬ǱɳҪǹ˳ǣڹ˵˵ȻǲܽܣԱ˴ս


800 Ϊʲô
Ųû˵ǷĽֻǸҶս֮ûã壬ɣȺ֮оѡһǱߣ뿪磬ǰ硣
ȻŶһ˵磬ֵǣ֮ʦҵһڵ
־ֻɣΪʦҲǾˣǺ֣ȴǰܸʦ
ʶ֮ʦҲͳΪ˺ѣʦʵһֱЩ뿪ǣΪ˱ʦϧѾ޴Ĵۺ;óɽĴʲôʱܹͻ鳾ű䣬ʲôʱͿ뿪ˣ
ļǵãһʦǰʱЦݣʲôһ
ǲ׷ʣʦȴǶ˵ֻںһ֮úñأȻȻȥ
Ӵ֮Ҳûг֣Ҳ͵͵뿪ɽȥҹȴ˼һû˿ټѭ
žɽֱҶͰ磬֮󣬽ʶλѣǳˣǴҶ֪ǵĴڣ˷ܵ˼¡
Ȼ̼ǣ˵ʧȥ˼䣬ִͷΪԼǣǴΣա
ҶͰ뿪֮ĳһ죬źȻ˾˵Ϣһ·׷٣ʥͯ
ھ죬Ǻ֮ǣȻŹʥͯںһ֮󣬷ԼĶ֣һֱƴİҲΪʲôڴȺڵʱ򣬵ʥͯһŵŵĶӵԭ
еľȻȷʮ棬ǳ˶ʵ֮⣬ҶѾϰΪˡ
磬Ǿ죬ЩҶѾ֪顣
ǰڣѾ鳾űľˣ
΢΢һЦôţҪǹУ
Ҷæֻ֣ʣǰ鳾ű֮ʲôľأ
ϵЦٿȻһĿҶһ֮󣬽ĿͶգĵ鳾ű֮󣬾˾磡

ҶȻ³һԭԼĲ²ⶼǶԵģԭľһ֮ﵽĸ߼ľ磬ԭҲǺԼһˣ
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ҵңΪҲɽͬʱٽĪĽϵʥ£㣡Щ¾Ϊʲôأ
Ҷ۾Ϊܹ۵ǿߣͬԿ죡
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Ϊҵõһ֮ҵ߾ͿʼһһĲϳŸָǿߣ㣬ӣħޣУǧߣ˵ĿĶһģǶԿ죡
˶٣ҶŵǰΪҵľһʵǵĽʶڤڤֻ֮ڲݣԭֵֻ˾ʦϸ룬Ӧû
ԭҶ֪ʦʵǾŵĿڣƲĳʦһҲֻ鳾ĸ֣ô;޿ȥ΢ԶԶԽǿߣǲ֮ˡ
ȻҶ뵽һ⣺ǰղ˵ʦڵ飬ȴ㲻Լˣʲô˼
Ҳ˼˰ֵûʲôʵǿó֮ʮУÿŲԼ˵ʱȴǵòκεĽ
㣿Ҷ鲻Խ뵽һˣһܰĪƵ֮ˡҶ
λˣҲͬó֮ûпܺʦйϵأ
ʱźȻҲʳһ⣺ҶûΪʲôǶʶأ
⻹ĽҶסˣҲʶȷԼʼպԵһ⣬ֻΪ˶Կ죬ôʵ֮⻹кܶ磬Ϊʲôôɡ
ԼšˮǺʦȵȶἯгأ
Ȼ֮䣬ħ˵һͻȻҶԺ֮гˡ
Ž磬磬н磬Щ磬еˣ¶оĴڣ
羿ʲô֮أ
ˣҶôѬ£Ҳͨˣܶ鲻ƾ˵ʵܹıģȥĿ룬˳ȻҲҪȥˣңһʲô°ɣ
ʵҶԼͲǰţǼˣŵĻȻĹǹһЦͽЩ߰ͳͳԺվһҾ׵ǰ㵱ҵý˵ģ


801 
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վ׼ҪߣҶʱһӺоűԼҪ˷ܣæסǰȱżһҪȥ˴Ⱥڡ
Ҷ򵥵ĽĪԼȡ˽ˮ˵˳ȻҪȥȺڣ÷ɽæƳܹҩ
⣬ҶҲҪ˳ȥȡ׼õ͸սġ
УǾȥȺڣ
˵źȻתͷһɽѾסǧʱ䣬һһʯϤޱȣҪ뿪ˣȻҲЩᡣ
Ҷ˳ŵ۹⿴˹ȥɽϿЩ긲ͬһĹѾƳǧٿ͸Щ׶Ͷ߲ɽϡ
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ȻΪԼ½껵ĴսƻɽƣѾʺΪ֮أа취ܹ»ָơ
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գɽȸ½еĽڿʼӵ
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ŵХոսѾ֮еָָָƶһ·飬ӡ˿֮С
ŵ֮ҲʼŹԣһˮһӿǰ·
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ʱǰĿռ俪ʼŤȻ󲻶ݣ¶һŻǿռ֮ţ
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ҶӦѾһץסҶֱۣ߽Ŀռ֮š
Ҷһ뵽ռ֮УȻⲻ˺棬ۿȥȴֻܿһƬ޾ĺڰ㣡
ԼžվƬڰ֮Уǰʲôɸ֪ʶҲȫʧȥá
ֺڰҶİΪڻļ֮п֮ͬһﲻһ˿ֺ̿η塣
ʱŵ𣺡ǿռͿռ֮ķ϶ǳ֮Ϊգʩչռ֮Ҫĵط
Ҷ֪ڳûָԼæԼгһգ϶ҪƬ֮Уڶ˽Լ޺
ǺصһƬڣ˽⣬Ƕ˽һûκθ˵ȫ˽⡣
޴ڣֻƽʱǸѣռ֮ĿģΪܹƬգӶֱӺص֮ľ룬ʵ⿴Ȼޱ޼ʵĺڰһ룬Ҫȥĵط
ҲҪΪǷƽ˾κΣգ
Ҷ̲סʵﻹΣգ
ǰƬڰ֮ʲôûУƽľδһôܻΣգ
ȴͷΣղУкܶ࣬ΣվʧһСģ̻·΢һƫôͺܿԶʧƬ֮У޷뿪
Ҷ˸ԶĴһڰ֮ƯţԼԸˡ
Σվʵܴпܻ飬һ飬һжΪУȻҲ⣡
ŵⷬȻҶ׹ˣԼͨѪ֮ͨӦҲһƬգ
ΪÿѪе˶˵Ƭ̫ͨ޷ҪǿдĻܻܿͨı񲻾ͺ˵һ
ͬռ֮ڳֵĸʺСֻӲͬռ׳֣˵絽磬мҾ˺üѣͻޡ
ȻŴ˿̵ǳƽǲ󣬵ʱξ־ա
֮⣬ʣµһΣվǡ֮ҲĴڣܹ飬ʲô壬ʲôӣǵʵԶֻÿֲݣ


802 ɽ
˻ļŵͬĹһ֮оȻĴڣ
ҶоԼĺëȻ֪ǲƭԼȻ̲סʵǰ㣬𣿡
ûмֿռսǺͨս˶ʩչһ鳾侳ϵ֣ǰռ䣬ȻΪ֮һ飬ȫһȻӻҲزΣ֮ǰ˵˳ǲŴӶܹ֪ġ
鳾侳ϵĸһʵǶôֲȻȴ֮һȫ
ʵ֮ǿ󣬵ȷĿǰҶ޷ģ
Ҷ˸һʱ֮˵ˡ
ҶӣŲһЦİɣе൱һ²ģȻĻû˸ʩչռ֮ˣˣ뿪ɣ
ҶӦѾҶ֣һ˳ȥ
ҶʱǰһŹܣȻѾվ˴Ⱥķ嶥֮ˡ
ֻһʮľ룬ͳһ㣬ҶҲ¶ģԼҲҪѧռ֮
ΪȺڵ壬ȻڶӰأƾճֵҶţһɸĵӲһǷӦǼ죬һ֮ȫǰŰΧ
ף㣬ǣ
ڵ֮ϳҶæڵأҲ־ϲĽȥ
ʵҶѾԼݵľ͸˳ԭ˵ѾǴȺڵˡ
£˳ڶ̫ϳȴûиӣЩͨӸ֪
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˸޷ҶɼȫվȻǶҶӵ
λǼæǵİɣֱȥҳ
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Ҷ֮Ȼ־ϲ˳ǰҪݼȴҶ˫һס֮Ͳˡ
ã˳֪ҶԸģ֪ǽԼֵܿģȻҲȥЩС£ϲĵˡ
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ȻŴʱѾеϢţͷ˵ò˸еˣΪ鳾ű۷弶֣ȻȻ¶һʣ˸޷ӡ
ҶҲ֪νţֻܺĵλǰ
ȻԼȴ΢΢һЦɽˣ
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־һʯͶˮ棬˵ǧˡ
ڳ̫ϳϣһǧǰǸʱɽͬǱΪصġ
ˣɽݣɢʻҪأѹҴ
˵ʾĻǴȺݣ˵ȸ½ڣ¶ûκܹȵ˵ˡ
һĬ֮Щ̫ϳϱ֮ݼţŴ󷽵һ֣ҲͬǰҶ˵ֱӷ
ΪԼȡݣҲȷʵ
ҶһȦΧȺ֮вûп÷ɽЦʵ÷أοǻרġ
÷ǰʱ֮һֱںɽչҩȥ
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үȻˣ
ϢҶһ𣬼̶ӿ˲֮飬Ȼ֪ڲĿģȥѰҴүүȥˡ
Ϊ˰ԼԼܹϧðΣգԼ磬Խ֮ء
Ȼ˵ΪҪҶѰүүֻһЦ֮ҶȴʮȷԼһҪ顣
ԸΥ飬ҶûʱȥԼĳŵڣ˼ҲԼ뿪ȥѰңҶȻʮֵĲܡ
֪ȥ𣿡
֪һ̫ϳβүߡ
ҶмĿ˳һ۵ˡ
̫˰ɣ
ߣȥ÷ϣȻȥүӣ


803 
÷ɽ񿴵ŵʱ¶һ˿𾪣ת˲ţ֮ͬݼ֮󣬲ſҶҵ𣿡
ҶһСƿĽˮݵ÷ɽУ÷ɽƿƿǣʶһɨ¶ϲɫ֮󣡡
仰֮÷ɽȻͲҶǣת߽˵źȻرա
ΣҶ˶⣬÷ɽҩ֮ǧҩ֮ʱ˵ҩ֮⣬Ҳݲκˡ
ӿЦ֮󣬱ת뿪ʱҶȴ˳ȥϢԼҪȥһط
˳΢΢һ֮ҶҪȥˣҲĸûѯʣ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ȵ˶֮ҶҲת˴ȺɽɽɽȣŴȺӵĵط
ȻҶһѻ𣬽ƺڶ޼ڴս֮ȥĵǵʬ嶼ˣȻ¹ڣΪƾ
ҶĬĬĴеһĹɽȵһԱĹҪߴķĹĹ֮дһд֡Ⱥ̫ϳ֮Ĺ
Ķֿ˰֮Ҷӿռ䳾֮ȡ׼õ򣬵ȼ˷ǰȻ̧ͷŷĹĵ᳤ϣʥͯѾˣѾΪ㱨ˣֻǣҲܽͷ㣬ϣܹ⡣
ʱ֪ﴵһ磬ĻǴ
ҶǰҲ֮ǴЦݵĲݣ΢΢ͷƺڸҶܹ⡣
᳤ϣʵ֪㲢ںܷΪ㱨ΨһǣҵľǴȺڣ˳ģҵֵܣȺҲҵļңһᾡŬôȺڳΪĵһڣ
ֻҪҶһڣҾͲκ۸Ⱥڣ
ҶĻĻٴҶĶϷ·Ҳοңˣ
ֱȫվ֮ҶվٴζƵķĹİȥȻԴȺڣ˵ĳŵת뿪ˡ
ص˳ס˳ҪʱйشȺڵҶ棬ȴҶЦžܾˣЩĲٸˣһҪ£ϣܰҳ⡣
ʲô飿
׼ˣ
˳һ֮ҲǴϲЦҪ£ȷҪӳ飬׼ʲôʱȥף
Ѿүү˵ˣǰʼ׼ȵ÷Ͻҩƺ֮ҾȻؼңȻһ£ʽǰףһʢģĻҪ뿴׸
˳λȺڵҰæı֮£ҲֻҶˡ
˳ȻȫԸ˿ʼ
֮ҶǾôˣڣ鷳㽫үүλøңȥ
˳ȴЦҡҡͷȥֻҪҽҪϢ֪ͨүӣԻԼǰҶң֮󣬻˵֮ٺúõһ¹Ѱ顣
Ҷһ˳˵ҲеҲ͵ͷͬ
֮÷ɽȻƺõĵҩҶǰ
һƿҩ֮⣬һиҩ
ҩͿҩڷÿΣһ֮Ī
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ӹҩҶ÷ɽһĸмʵ޷ݡ
ˣûĽˮҲƳˣ͸ϽǰڰɣĪ¶ˣ
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˳⣬Ȼݸ߹ýҶףҲֶܿȥ˵ʲôҲȱԲ罫Ψһĳ˽޼ټ÷ƵĵҩΪƸ
½޼Ҳ벻ԼȻΪҶ׵Ƹ
Ҳܻ䣬еȺڸ֮棬ٴδ˿ռ֮ţҶͽ޼룬ȻһҲ˶λɽǸӾη˼֡
һѾҶΪŲ֪ҶҵľλãֻܽԽպĵصŶ
ҶϵҶҵʱ򣬼Լǲߴ˵ط
ֺлٵҶҴ˿Ѿ޸ϣǰ߹ģߴĳųȳʮ׵ľ޴ɫϲɫĵ˳ǽ
ҶЦõĵ׶ûᣬôоҪأүүǵĶҲ̫˵ɣ


804 
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ϢҶ֮Ƭ֮Ҷҵȫӭ˳ѾʮϲҲøӵĻ졣
ڶѵİΧ֮£ҶϵЦҲǲޱȣæһĺ˴к֣֮µĽŽܸ˴ңǣǿˮ߰Щǣڿŵһ̣ҲǴﷺ˾η֮ġ
ǿߣκԺͶǿӡÿ˵
Ȼɽ˵ԾӣţͷĹ쳤࣬ԡ
Ųûʲôӣֻǹ˶ֵĳ滹е㲻ϰߡ
һȺ˴ӵҶ߽ҶҵĴҶҲ׷ʣĽԼ뿪֮ľ
ȻҲϰҶǷ˼ľǽζͬʱҲʱʱΪҶһѺ
֮Ҷ˺šϵµҪﶼҶҵĴ֮Уʼ£ҲҶĻ¡
ȻҶ¶˾ģ⣬˳̸һУǴ˿Լ˵ǰȻⲻеŤ
飬ԼżΪңԶľ룬Ȼû뵽Լһ쾹Ȼ
뵽Ī磬Ҷͳ̤ʵƽ
ҶԪΪҶҼҶүүȻȿڣ׼ʲôʱȥף
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Ҷ첻µز£ҲӣҶңɾͨҶˣүүѵӣһ仰ҲҷȴţԼ֪Щ顣
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ҶԪȻȴĵӦٶȺܿ죬ЦŵǰʵչĻҪȥΣһǼҵƸ񵥶ǰȵ֮ͬȻŶĸǰ̶ӭ׵ӣ֮ɶԼӭס
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ҶȻ̲סʵүүѵǸúǰһͬȥ𣿡
ҶԪһ۵ʲô£ȵӭ׵ȥûý֮ԣĸ֮ʱʵʵڼҴţҲȥˣ
ԭҶΪԼԺһǰɽ磬û뵽ȻֹأȻеƣȴҲΥүӵĻֻܹԹԵ
һЩ֮зҶ˶뿪ˡ
ȫҶԼˣҶҲҶԪɫүүôҶδķչģ
ӦÿˣҶҵ࣬ҽЩҶֻΪֺ£ı󱣻ǣȫˣҶҵģǿѡ
ҶͷȷʵˣͦãԸ֣ûʲôơ
ҲܹˣҲҶ˶ÿһοˣͷֻǣǶûʣҪɳһ棬Ҫ൱൱Զʱ䡣
һֶҪ֮ã˵ˣЩҶ֮е飬ȴڰĥţûʲôܹӿҶ˵ٶȡ
Ȼƾ賾𵤵浤ҩΪȫвͨģҩΪͻԣк档
˵ҩ֮⣬ôΨһİ취ǳԣˣ
һҶע⵽ˣеɣħʮɣѡɵĵطԣ֮أֻܴӸϼӿǵһκεĻ
ȸ½ô󣬿϶ûбռݵԣ֮أҶĿǰʵ͵λټӵ΢츮ȫҶ˽дǨ㣬ҶԪҶҶ򵱳Լĸ֮ڣ뿪
ôҶ߸֮ڣûԣ֮أ


805 ֮
Ҷ֪Լ϶Ҫ뿪ģô֮ǰ˾ܵɨƽҶҷչ·ϵϰ֮⣬ʣΨһľ취ΪҶѰһ԰ļң
֮⣬Ҷ뵽΢츮ϴڵ·ܹЩ·ҶҵΧôǾǰҲԹҶҡ
ֻЩ·ʵ̫ҶҪֽʻҲſ̻·ʱҲϸ΢õĸȫͬ׼պлĻһ·ʲô
ڴ֮ǰмҪȥһ¾ҵѩ裬ݸꡣ
壬˳͵Ҷңھ֮С
裬ֵܲܽܵͻ壿
ѩĻôҶֻܵӭ׹֮ڵʦοˡ
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Ҷѩһڵķ䡣
嵱ʱҲ˼أȻڴȺڶҩʦİ£ƾǿĵҩκ˲٣Ϊû꣬޷ҩЧ׵ɢԵһЩطȻ˺ۡ
Щ˿ڶֻҪ壬һʱ䣬ϵҩ֮ЧܳȬ
žڴϵҶﲻܿͿԸˣ
ѩߵߣеĿУ֮Ϸ˵̹⣬âˮһۣһĲϷ𽥰
̹֮УҶԵĸоŨŨ︴գػشһ㣬һжǳľϵܴЧ
ʱҶԺ֮鲻Խ뵽һ棬Ǿһʯ֮£һСڷƿϵľʯþȫԼ
Ҷڡغ쳾ģɴԴϣ֮£ܵѩǿľϵӰ죬鲻Խȡ͵֧ڿд
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ҶȫΣڲأľϵ׵ĴҶң
ƺĳħһʱ˿̣˶ͣе飬˻Щǣ۾һת֮ģģһСϪǵ˫ǵ
һִδй밲ҶҵϿգ
ѩǵһʱ۾ģΪҶһּΪϤĸоָоγУļ
Ϊڱı֮صѩ裬ȻľԵľ裬Ǻźûмûмֻ̣֮һİɫ
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Щ˿ڣľϵķ֮£ۿɼٶȿʼţ֮Ҳɢ˶ĿĹâڡ
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ʱ˿̣ҶҲͬ۾˵ĸоͬոմʱǰǡغ쳾ǰеΣƽأŭɱ¾磬ʬҰѪɺӵս
Ψн֮һʯ֮ѹŵһɫСݣΪһĨɫϣ
СǿĶϵľʯ𽥵ĿٳɳֱһҡҷҶ׷俪磬ڸЩĿĺɫʬ壬Ƭŵս֮ϱһƬɫԭҰ
ʱɿţһһĸֲָӵ¿ʼѿʼ٣
ȻһľԶһ£һë׵СԴ˳һѸٵ˻ȥ
ţԽԽԴӸ˴صɫ֮ð˳ǾǰЩȥĶһ̣ǾȻһȫˣ
غ쳾ϣ֮֮ҶڳɹĴ˵¡֮£
ȻҶȻûͣ˼̺ǿ̺߿ƣ
ͬʱǸߴӰͻȻͬһҶĬĬҶϷһ˿Ц⡣
ҶټӰѾҪˣ


806 
˿̵Ҷͬ뵽һ˺һ״̬֮УÿλÿëףɢһǿҵĸҶҵϿգϢǵ塣
˶оһʣһְݣǿǱĬ֮£ǵΪϻػ˿ڣڻš
ҶԼȴǻȻȴܵһУǰƬ︴գشص֮УûвǸĽɫӤȻչ֫΢΢һſʹ˸ССĺǷҪһ㡣
ڽɫӤµķ֮ϣѪ۾Լ޵תֵ޴ĹڵĵҲȵĸ֮£һŽɫӤš
֪˶õʱ䣬һ˲ǧ꣬ͻȻһԾֱӳ˽ɫӤڡ
߲ʹâȻɢİ֮£ǸɫӤȻ˫ۣͬҫ۵Ľ˳
ͬʱҶü֮ϴһ΢ʹУʲôҪŬĳüĶͻȻۡһҶԺ֮з·һӤĿţٻü֮Ȼʣ
һǳ˵̰ӵһк
ҫֱۣʣڿкȻһӤģչζԼ֫ƺʮֿһֱ߲ɼ
ҶͣȴȻУԸ
ʼվغҶߵţͷſǸѾĽɫӤҲ¶һĵЦݣ֣ˣ
Цݾͻ˿Цһؾ꣬Щô
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Ȼ۳ССѪΣҶľѾﵽ˳ء
ŵ۾Բˣ
֮ǰɽϣҶ½껷ֳʤ֮ۿҶող˳һصľ磬ȻŹ֮ǰҶȻһﵽ˳֮⣬ٶȡ
ʱҶȻٴԼǿգе֣Ϊ˵ֻдͨѨλ֮ŻڽͨӡѨȴҲԼѵ˵ħҲԼ˻
Ȼ𣺡֣֣ͨӡѨڴͨӡѨܺãܺã
λʱҲǷǳãе״εĸо
ڿ϶֣ΪʲôӡѨѨȴҲҵĻǺǣҾ͸㣬˵˵ӡѨȷ㲻ѨǶ˵ӡѨȴޱҪ壬򵥵˵൱һ
ӡѨиҪһ壬˵ۼ֮أ൱һһ˵ֻ꣬дţܷų꣬ǵΪߵľ磡
ⷬҶﲻ΢΢һΪ뵽˰Ǳ飬˵ļһӡѨ˵꾹ȻҪ
֮⣬ӡѨĴͨҲΪѪ֮ĵһӽ쿪ʼڿѪˣܽ뼸㣬ȫԼʵ˳ˣѪ֮иµһ׻꼼
˵ʧˣҶΪĻѾȫ˵˵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ´µĻûߡˡ˵
ҶĪĻ˵֮Ҷĵĵȴ˰죬ûκȷεǵΪֹˡ
еȴһ϶ĻƺҪԼʲôǾԼ
ҪǣλӦòҪԼģ֮ҲǡԼˡ
ʲô˼أ
˼һ֮ҶȻϰԵĽ׵Ժ󣬷벻ͨ粻룬ǿԼɣ
Ҷ̧ͷǿеǸɫӤѾӵٺ壬ֻ˿״̬ȴҶеԾ
Ӥֲ߰ͬɫĹâƣҶĿǰƿص֮ھȻͬһСһ˫˫Ŀգڴ
Ȼ֪Լ꣬ӤǿǰһĻȴȻҶЦԷǵľȡ
ոճ־
⣬Ҷ֪ǿ֮УͻȻһȴǸ𸴣ոΣʮִҪ깲ͬŬ


807 һʹ
ҶʮϤΪڷҶֻû뵽Ȼܹ뵽Լǿ֮У
ҶȵתȥȻҶվԼ̧ͷſеĽɫӤ
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Ҷ⣬Ҷͷ¶һ˿аЦ֣ҵĹϵֽһȻҲˣ
˵֮תͷһܽŵĻĲʲôʱҲһͺˣ
ԴӷҶֺеѪټζԸʥͯľڷҶҶѾ˲ٵĵ⣬ⷬȴҶٴһ˿裺ϴθ˵£㿼𣿡
ʲô£
ֶԿ죡
֣
Ҷ¶Цݣʲôʸ֣
仰ʱҶ޻˵ˣȻԼʵǾ˵ģǺĸֱ֮ϴûѪİԼѾʥ֮ͯ֡
ҶȻЦһܷӶʵҲģʲôʱȵӵ˿Կʸǵǿ̸̸⣬ȻϣһԽ쵽ԽãΪҶ磬Ѿûжٵˣ
ŷҶƾմԼǰʧҶһ仰ʲô˼ʵԼҲԸԼֶԿ죿ǣֻԼһأ
ЩɻҶ۾ӭöһ˫۾

ѾӴ˫ĿƵĶҶվԱߵѩɻעˡ
»ˣ
Ҷ鲻Խ¶΢Цӭ
仰Ҳһ˿ϲãȻܹҲǴĵ׸еˡ
ԽԽǿˣⱲӶĶˣܸܲ˵˵֮󣬶ʲô
֮ڿҶĵһ۾ʶԼҶĲ࣬ѾԼ޷Խˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦü֮һĽһţе֮ߵԵãڴ֮ǰһλѣûĻҲңӦҲİ
֪Լվŵʳ˼̻ĽŮӾȻǱϵľβѩ֮϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫȻе޷ʵ
ѩ赹󷽵ĳʩһδã
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лѩ֮
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ԸҶѾǳ˽ˣȻ°Ÿ񣬵ȴԹҵھˣǿ϶Ҫΰݵġ
Ȼ֮վҶϵ鸴ӣһֹģ
Ҷڰֵʲô˵ȣҾǱһʹȻɱͽܣԺ㣬һȽ֪ɣ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷҶ˵Լ֮ľѩվһš
Ҷ˵뱱֮غľʱ赭дΪľǲϣǷԼʲôĸоǣѩڱ֮ϷǷǳʱĻҶҶǿЦá
ڣѩĵġæ֮£Ҷǽеľϸϸ˵˳
Ҷո£ֱٴιȥҶ̾˿Լ֮е¡
Ҷ֣Ů˵Ĵ£Ϊ㲻ĻӽԸΪʱĶ飡
֣ŮҲҵѣҲҵֵܣΪκ¶ĸԸģ̸ʲô飬ҲˡΪ˻һ飬Ҷŵ˵ˣ֮仹гأԡ
ҶĻ£ͻȻ̧Լָ֣絶ݺݵԼСĴָȥ
ꡱһѪ˲䣬ֵСָȻѾ
Ҷѹû뵽ȻῳԼָֹʱܲǻعһԵѩҲǼæǰų̹δ磬𶯣ָܽӻȥ
Ȼָ֮ȴǼһ֮˲佫˿̣־ܾѩ󣬿ҶָΪ㣬Ϊҵͽܣ㲻Ů䣬ҲԶͽܱΪʦܣҾҵָҶΡ
ӽɱͽ֮һʹԸ׷棡


808 Ľ
ļͶԹԸҶ˼£ܹӵһλʦǼĸ
Ҷæͷã֣֮ã㽫ָϡ
ץסԼǸСָͻȻһգֻ̯ʣһѷĩ
Ҷ淢һ̾˫ֽ֣ӽ쿪ʼ㲻Ļļң

ס߳Ҷǳ˸пںܶ˿ҲԸŹֲͨ飬ʵֻкӴŻ֣ᷢʵһλصĺӣ
Ҳ˽ҶһԸԭȻؼһ˵ģˣϵҲҶǿȫˣѩ˵Ҷ֮ͷȵ˵
Ҷȴд㣬ŵס
ſҶţͷ֮¶ЦݵӡҲѾˣܺãټӰ֮·Ÿոտʼ
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Ҷɻĵǰ֪ҵˣӡʲô
ղҾͲ֮ӿȥ㻤˻֮ᷨҾ뿪ˣûע⣬ڻӡµһӡǣüĴһǿŵģĻʶ㹻ǿʱ򣬾ܷˡ
ŵⷬȻҶжѣԭղŻ͵͵ȥԼԼȴȻ֪
ңһ°ɣ
ǰʩչռսûʲôӰ죬ǲر
ѧռսɲС㣬Ŀǰ»ѧˣΪҪ˽·ÿ˸еķͬ˽⵽·ҲһЩģʺʵò˶ӦþͿˡ
ȻҶڿռսʮȤ֪֪֮ڵԼ϶ټ΢µĵһ֮ͲſռսҲǺż
ѧǰæҵһȥ˱֮أȻĵܴ֪ܵ᲻̫鷳
ҶĺٿѰοŰ˵ȻеŤ󣬷ŲΪĹһЦ°֮Ͷѣ鷳Ҳţ㽫λѴɣ
лǰˣ
Żӻֵǰƺʵ̶̫ҶɴҽΪֵܰɣ
Ҷ΢΢һ⣬ⲻʰɣ
һλﵽ鳾űĸֵƣҶʵе̫ˡ
ʲôʵģ㻹һأȻҪҶΪֵܵ뷨վһסҶֵߣǳȥ
ҶӦѾҶ뿪ӣҲǸûпܵ
վ⣬ĵҶʽΪֵܾʹŴӴ֮֮ǻĽ飬ҪԼһ˿Է֮УԶֻҪ˭Σգ˿궼ָҵԷ
ʽֵܾǷߵףݵأȻʽͬ
Էꣿ
ûʶҽ㣡
˵֮䣬ŵüȻһƾ۳һȫһţͷˣ쳣䡣
ȻŵѾ˼ߵľ硣
ˣ
仰Ȼŵſ˵ģʱܿǽɫ֮ϣתĻ֮ϣγһŽӴСĽ⡣
ҵһ˿꣬㽫ͷų
زҶٲҺųΪֵܣҲǲܵˣҲѧŵӣԻʶƳꡣ
һγԣȻһ㣬üĴĽ⣬ȻǸɫӤҲƾճ˿С
ܺãûʶۻͬƽʱһ
ŵָ㣬ҶٴγʶϵԼ꿿ģͻȻһɳͨĸоԼ֮һεӵһ
ʵҶ֪Ȼ뿪壬ʵϱǺģĻͬ͵Щһ߲ˡ
ֻеȵܹܹ£ſ峹׵ĶϿ
Ĺ̾˳˺ܶ࣬ΪҶԸоĵԼĻʶѾܹ꣬Ȼ޷ʲôڻʶʹ֮£һɫʣ֮۶ȥ۳һֻ֥СĹâ
⣬вУ
Ҷе㺹գŵ꣬ԼҲʵ̫Сˡ
ˣ
ŵͻȻſƣҶСȥŴСֻƵĽӴŽҲںϵһһĸоʱҶ֮˿
һ̣ȫԸоĵԼţͬѪֵһ㣬޼䣡


809 Ĵ
ĸоҶ޵ľϲ⣬ɿ֮ŽⶼѾʧ
Ž˸Ҳ»ص˸ԵڣҶı۾ĸо֮жһ˿ȵȻŵꡣ
ӽܣҾˣ
ŵҶѹ仰ȴҶɻ󣺡ܣ磿Ǵ˭

Ҷ̲ס˿ʦžȻҲǽֵܣԼŵĽݣžȻҲ˽ȥ
ԼȻǧǰĵһʦֵܣ
һʱ֮䣬ҶоԼԴеѣΣܿȴ뵽һؼ⣬Ȼŵ磬ʹҲͬ𣿡
ȻҶҪʲô⣬ϵϲ˲䱻˵ͷǵģ˵Ӧܹ֮ͨеһ˿֪꣬ںδֻϧǣܣҾȻ֪ʲô֪
ŵ֮г˱𣬶ȻҶź֮Ľ飬ǿ󣬶ڲʶǣǴ˵һǰǻڰʦǳ˸мġ
Ȼ˽죬ȴʦﶼ֪˵ȻʮֵĲܡ
ҶԼúõʲôæڰο磬̫żˣ룬һƻ£ȱΪΪôߣ϶ţֻĵطǲ˽ģҲҲ
˵Ҷ͵شסԼĻͷΪͻȻħƺҲǴһԼ֪ĵط֮УôûпܣʦҲһأ
ǸطħĿУΪеյ㣬۷ǿߵĹޣ
Ųûע⵽ҶĻֻ˵һ룬Ȼ֮УҶһ֮Ѹٵת˻⣺磬ЩԺ˵ڣܲҵλȥ˱֮أ
û⣬㽫ɣ
ҶҴ뿪ҵΪ£ټϸոպŵĽݣе겻ᣬֻǼ򵥵˵䣬ͽŵǰ
űҶӵĸɴ࣬һֶû˵ֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţ뿪ˡ
źҶһʱ֮侹ȻеãȻΪ鲻ͣͻȻԵĸоڡ
վԭĥƬ֮󣬽ıӷ򸾴Ѫ֮ٻ˳ȥϵµˣԼתһط
ɣΪҶͽܣԴΪҶҶͦԿֺ֮ҶҵĵλҲˮǴߣҶҲĵĽԼˣȴǲ꣬ϲ飬ǴԼס
֮ҶҪȻΪ˵йɵ飬ֺ֮ǰ˵Ǿˡ
ȻҶڰǰ̻ɣʵȷһĽᣬڱҪĽ⿪Ϊðһ˿ա
վɵ⣬ҶѾʶڷȻһ⣬ԼҪ̽Ϊʶ˳
ʵƾ㣬Ѿ˵ɵĲѰܹ֮عâˣ붼һЩıѾһ¶ˣ˵ԲӦӵл֮ģ
ҶĿһ۾һ˿˷֮ɫ˻δ֣Ѿȴ˳ʦ
ѾҪԼߵɣҶ¶΢Цͷɣһֱûлл㣡ллҶң
ʦӦ£˵Ҷҵǰʦң
ɻæҪ£ȴҶֹˣûͦҶٻҪܶˣˣЩȥˣ˵ʦڸߣΣ
ã
Ҷ뿪ҶңСʱÿĺɽȻȥô꣬Ȼûʲô
ɣԭĵط
ɻܵ˵ͷʦǰʱ϶ʮֿ̿ɣ
ǰ붼ԼСʱҶϲҲ¶ЦݣûôõʣֻܸӵĿ̿࣬ʺãȴȵһҪ̿ʮο
Ҷ佱е㲻˼ĵͷʦˣҡ
Ȼɻ£ҶȻ۳һֱߣֱ֮֮ĴɵĶ䣺ɣǲǾ֮ˣ


810 
֮Ҷڱ֮µʱɹģһþеİϧͨ꿴ԷķܹԻ˵ǣӶܵƣޱ˵Լĵ׵ܣ
ʵ˵ʵҶ˶ԴɣҲʵûа취Ϊܹ֪ɵֱֻӣҲ򵥵ķ
ҶĿǰصľ磬ʵǸߴңʱʩչħ֮ССֿܹ˵ġ
˵ҶĶУ˫۶ʱһƬҲɲ֮˻״̬
ȴûϻشҶ⣬Ҷеɻѵ˵ܹԼĻ֮
Ļɵ̫ˣ
ɳĬƬ֮ڻڣҲ֪ʲô죬ֻ֪һɫâĵط⣬ЩůǺܹգܹǵʵ
ɵĻشҶüͷɫâĵط
һط
֣дš࡭죡
죡
־ͬһݺݵҶĶߺը죡
ڲ֮ǰԼո֣ͬ΢֮ڣǾеĵ죬ڻ졣
ȻڣԼɵĿоȻٴ֣ңԵĵط
Ҳ˵ĻɳˣɹȻھ죬ڱͻ컹Ҫ߼죡
Ҷ鲻ԽһҡΣŲĵ˳˫۱þͬһһƬ
Ȼ޷ʵ޷ھ죬޷ԼȻҶң
ΪҶ𾪣ɢȥ˻֮ɵĿƣѸٵ˹ҶȻ𺳵ڵϣʱһæ˹ȥʦôˣǲﲻˣ
ɵҶ˹øӵĿ⿴͹֮ɫɡ
Կ϶ɵĹкͽװǷĵģ˵ĺںԼʦ
ǣΪʲôƫƫǾˣ
½֮ǰʵľչָҶȻҶʥͯô£˵ǾЩһ㣬ĳЩûо֮ǰǾͺһЩһѣôǾͻָɾݣȫһˡ
Ҷ̧ŵɵԴϷʱ˿ֻ̣Ҫ΢³̾ܽɱ¡
ʦҷɣ
ɸûʶԼѾǴͷһߣȻĵ˫ַסҶ壬ҪҶ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾľеһƬҶһ㣬żҵĶԥԼҪҪɱɡ
ڣɷҪҶʱҶҲĴķɵԴ֮ϣͬԼĸ׸Լһɵͷû£ɣ£
ҶߣȻеעҶ
ɣ㼸⣬ǲǵСʱΣ
ҶҲʣΪѾʧȥ˵˵Ṵ޵İˡ
ȻɵĬĬĵ˵ͷҼǵá
˵ʦ
Ҳе㲻Ը⣬ڳĬƬ֮Ȼ˵һ˵ģ͸ղ˵ȫͬ
˵ĶʱȫһͨӵҶҲûд˵֮󣬲Цŵɣ㣬ûȥһɫâĵط
Ҷ仰ɵɫȻˣ𾪣ʦ㣬ô֪֪ɫâĵط
ҶҲһݣȴɫļ˵
ϵıޱȵĵʵʦȥһطʦ˵ﵽɫĹâЩâһҿһǵǸط֣죡
ȥ
Ҷʼעɱı仯ȷ˵ĶʵûѣȻҶҲޱȵˡ
֮Ի֮£ɿ϶˵滰˵Ҳ滰һ˵ͨˣѵڱԻ״̬֮£ξʵ
ɼˣô֪Ĵأ
ɵǲһʥͯأ
Ҷ־ʱԺ֮ͻȻ˷ҶֻҪǸմߵˣͱ


811 ֮
ҶȻһԼȻѪˣھ죬ʹ޵˲ԼѪ
Լ̸ô죬϶һȻɵǲ죬ǿԿ϶Ǻ;йϵѪܷŹ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ͸оԼ֮дһɴ֪ǷҶǿռԼ塣
ÿܹԼ֪ռԼ壬ԼȴԵĸо
ȻиоǵȻݷҶˡ
ȻҲҶĲԾۿҶ˫֮ĿʼֳһѪɫֻһλþͣҶѾڴڴڵĴŴŤϱһǿѪɫâ
ɣܣ
Ҷҧг˵ĸ֣׼ԼҶ
ȫʦôˣҲ֪ʦΪʲôҪԼܣһʱ֮侹ȻĿҶ
ʱҶɢĹâøҫۣҿʼɢɵϡ
ֻоһ˫εԼ壬֪ʦڴߴԼ뿪Ǳʲô
ԥԼҪҪߵʱϾȻҲɢһɵɫââѸɢγһεӣͬʱҲӡ
䣡
һ촫ɫâѪɫâȻը˿
Ҷͬʱɱը֮ײõɳȥڵϷ˸ͷҶȴͬһڵһ
ѾǾˣǾˣһͷˮ֪⵽ģΪʲôܹʦѪⷢײĸоֹâˮ𲻺ϵĳһ
ʦҪȥΪâײĸоҹȥֹâٴνӴָصĺֻվԭء
ʱ˿̵ҶѾ뵽ԼԺĶǰķҶͽܣ㲻ɱ
ҶЦʲôͽܣҶúۿǾˣȻĻĻ֮ôֵܵסҵĹâɱѵ㻹뿴Ҷҵıһٵ𣿡
ҶؽҧŵǾˣҵͽܣûκεĻ£һ취ں;йصĶס㲻ɱ
ҶҡҡͷӵĿҶһۺĵ֮ʣ
£ҶͻȻǰһκηӦʱ䣬һǰҶѾסԼĲӣԼ
ҶҪ޷һ˿
ҶҶȷеģڿʵ̫ʧˣҪΪҰΣǵĹϵܻˣס˵Ļûжˣ
ҶȻһ֣ǶһҶֱ˳ȥȻתȥҶǰʧˡ
ҶӵעŷҶʧķͬޱȵı䣺ѪҲסҲѪˣԶռҵ壡
֪ҶռԼ壬ҪȥɱɣԼҲҪֹ
ҲһαطҪ뿪ͱҪ֮ûټʱ䣬ϥ£˫Ŀü֮ĸֳ˽ɫĻӡ
ɿҶæеʦôˣϵĹâܹ๥Ҳҹȥ㡣
๥ͶˣΪԶĵˣ
仰һ㶣ͷ֣Լ߹Ҷ񲢲ԼϤʦ
ΪʱҶϹĮЦݣȫѪ˫֮¶һ˹趼ĺ⣬ɢǹɳɱȻ۳һε塣
ʦҪɱң
ⲻʦ
ɵпٵתͷȻȫ֪Ҷôˣɲ׵
ʱҶѾߵǰ֮ЦŵСһȻھ죬Ǿȥɣ
һҶΧɱȻ۳һޱȵıͬһɡ
жʱâ֮ȻҲ۳ɽӭǱɱ֮˹ȥ
ҶѪǶ֪ɵĳһ澵ӣǿģ±˵ս
ˣҶɾȻʩչ˺ԼһģһĹʽⲻе⣬ٺһЦȤ㾹ȻҵĹʽǾˣϧڵʵ̫ˣ
飡
Ľײһ֮Ҷɱ֮׵Ĵɵ֮ɴ˹ȥ
ۡһɱ֮ͬһɫâۿžҪɵʺ
Ȼʱһҫ۵ĽҶüըҶͻȻ𣺡˵ˣ׼ɱҵͽܣ


812 ֮
ʱ˿̣Ǳɱ֮ĽѾɵʺ֮ϣȻֻһɱ۶ɵĽǷϢȴ׵ĸƤֻҪǰ°磬ͻᶴɵʺ
Ȼɵɫ쳣ƽ˫۶ûпֱֱĶǰҶ
ʱҶ˫еѪɫͬˮһٵȥĮЦҲѾůɣûɣ
ɱ֮ը˿ɵʺ֮һѪ
ţɻͷȻɢҿ޷趯˫֮ҲâֱҶϣ˫۾Ҷ˵ͬԵİޱȡ
Ҷʱ⡱һ£ѵ˵ܵѪĹ֮ھĳֶˣҪɵڶʥͯ
˵ĻԼҪɱˣ
ҶϵЦոɢҲ¾ۼ֮дŹɱ䱸עɡ
Ҷɺֺжսľôͻ֪ʵǸʱҲֹΣ屻ֺд̴Ѫ֮
ͻȻɵĿбһŭ𣬶ţȴ泯죬Ȼȥ
Ҷһ֮󣬼æǰ˫Уɵϸ鿴һ·ֻǻ˹ȥӦòûʲô󰭡
Ҷ½ƽԱѹ
ɣҶȻ뵽һؼ⣬ǾǾȻǰǿ磬Ǵǧ֮ǰǾΪܵĳƣ޷磬ֻܽһЩǵͨĳķ
ǲǱԼɱʥͯǰɣȻ;Źϵʵϻˣֻǲ֪βǵġ
ֻҪҵݵİ취ôܹǺ;֮ϵԼ
˵򵥣ȴǺͷӵеֶͨ쳹أƽܹĦģ
Ҷһɻ󣬾ΪʲôǺŹϵ
ĿǰΪֹڳֵĺ;йϵˣڻ죬Ȼû뵽ھȻֳ˵죡
µĿУҶ˵ˣȻΪһ壬ʵϱ˴˼ĹϵǴ۸ӣ˴˲ͣȴԼͬĽ쵽ڡ
תһȦҶԼת㣬ھ˵ʲô壿
ʦ
΢˹ҶæѾ۾˹
Ҷеʵɣû˰ɣûоﲻ
ҡҡͷû£ʦңˣ
ʲôˣ
ʦܲȸʲôط
Ҷԥһ֮󣬱㽫йؾϸϸ˵˳
ɰţϲûʲôı仯ֱҶ˵֮ĬƬ̲ſڵʦǾ죬ǲĳˣ
ҶɺԼ֮ʲôԹ϶Ҳ֪ʵԵͷǣ
˼֮Уüͷ˫עŵ棬ҶҲĵһԵš
Ƭ֮ƺĳ־Ϊһ̱ޱȵɺͼᶨѵõ¶ЦݣҶʦղҵļˣ
ʲô䣿
ܼҵļ䣬ʦ϶벻ܼ˵ĺˣ
ҶʱסΪȷû뵽ģ
˵ĺˣ
»˵ʮĳһĵͻĳеĳˣǾ˵ĺˣǾеһӵԶͬʵ֮ͬ޵еĴڣ
仰ĸ֣ҶϷѾһĽˡ
ܼҾȻҲĳλ˵ĺˣΪˣӦҲܽĳЩͨѪȥǵĺ֮УֻҪܹЩ䣬ô͵ǻ˵ĴУԲӵڲͬǿʵ
ʵͺǻʣѩЩ߼ʹõķʽһ
ɵֵܣףүү̫үүǶûܹڵļ䣬ȴˣ
ʦϵĴ֮ͷҵѪҺ֮УöлղʦѪȻĻһ޷ѹ
ʵϴֺеʱ򣬲һܾԼڵļˡ
˵ĺˣȻǸǿݣҶȴһΪݵȷϣʹԼ֮ʦͽԵֿµΪֹˡ
һλʥͯôҶ취ȥ;֮ϵĳֶɼȻ˵ĺˣѪϵĴУκҲ޷Ĩɱ
ˣҶǲټҶˣ


813 ʦְ
ҶĥԼοڲɵʱȴͻȻڵأصһͷȥʦȻ˵ĺˣǼȻ춼ʦĳˣҽʦģһվʦߣʦͬԿ죡
⡭
ɵⷬ;ٶʵǴҶϣһʱ֪֮˵ʲôãȴǳһů
ʦҵŵʱ򾭳˵˵ˮ֮ӿȪ౨ͰʦҵڶҵʦģҪʦĻջҵ
ȻɵĻʮֵӣȴ¶ŨŨУҶļæ˫ֽ
ȥϵĻҳ֮Ҷɵļ֮ϣжο֮ɫ
ɣ˵һѾܸˣҲҪסһ㣬κζҪպ㻹ˣôʱʲôѡҶ㡣
ȻҶԿ϶˵ÿһֶǷθ֮ԣʮעҶ֪ܿڽĳһ죬ɻˣǸʱѱͻı뷨ԼǵзѣôɾͱҪʦ֮ѡһߡ
ҶΪҲΪԼԼˣԲŻ˵һλ
ɣһ죬ʦͽ˲òҲΪеԺ
һʱˣʦܵģҲʦֵġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԴ˵ˣɣҶôõʦȴûн̸κζڸ˵˵ѧʲô
Ժ飬ԺȥǣҶһԭת˻⡣
ɳյⷬ۾ʱעȻҲɹıת˹ȥʦңѧս
սԣʲô͵սսΪ֣ܶнģзģģЩսַΪʩչʩչʩչݲͬвͬսʩչݲͬ岿λҲвͬսѧ֣
ɵ۾ԲˣһһĵſˮֱҶ˵֮ŹʦңҶѧ
Ҷһ֮󣬶ʱЦɣȻ׿Խս󾫲࣬ѧ̫ǵкôлɣҾȽսֱǹ٣⣬ϲʲô
ҲҪҾҪֵģƣʦʩչһһ
ʩչһƣ
Ҷ΢΢һתʱȻ򣬵ڻɱɮʱ򣬾һʽŭƣֱӽɮĳޡ
ȻĿɣһƵӡʵ̫̣Ǳʶǳѧս
ǣԼľͲƷսֻе΢츮ȥˡ
ȻʱŵȴͻȻ˵𣺡ܣҵǽ̸һ״ӡǸݷڵƷģ÷ͽܵҪ󣡡
ͬʱתͷ˫ֻأվЦעԼ
ûţҶȻе⣬ֻипԼȥһ˱֮أؼһʱ䣬һأֻǼʱѣʵڲһĴ󰡣
磬˰ɣʦĶ磬ͺʦɣ
ʮֹɵĶһʦã
ĶɿһۣĵͷͳʦҾͽҵ״ӡ͸㣬ͷʦɣ
Ȼŵʵߵˣ˼η־ΪţͷĳҲʵ̫ڲͬԻκ˵һο¶һЩСС飬ȻҲǵһμţ黹Уͬһƽĺˮһ㣬û˿
ˣŲŻ˸ˡ
лʦ
ҶȴЦͷ磬ҵĹսҿһһЩܹĸĶûٿˣ״ӡҲᣡ
û£ʣͻˣˣʦͽæɣȻȥˡ˵֮תҪߣǸո̧ȴַȥҶʲôʱпգҰɣѾԼˣ
ԶȥӰҶ¶һЦݣףſϼǣѾ˺ܶĶ
ʦڿԿʼӡ𣿡
ɵҶ˼ʵ֪ʣεɣҶ̲סЦˣȽսڴӡĥĥ


814 ѹɽ
ʱҶʦͽɽ֮аĵ
ҶԼĳŵȽ̸սƶһ׷սԼǿʼŵĴӡ
һУҶսҲȤΪӡȻԵս
ÿսԣؼҲϢϢأҶѧġ𽣾ǻԵģƶԵġ
ЩսʩչҪӦҪʩչ𽣾ôȾҪϵ
ȻŵĴӡȴ෴ʩչսȻΧĻӦ֮
ƺ𲻴󣬵ǶѾ֪֮˵Ҷ˵ɾ̫ˡ
ΪƾĿǰӵеľ֮Ըݵ˵֮˵Ĺϵʱıӡ̺֮
֮սһʩչҲöԷͷԣһռȻ
֮Ľ֣ռһ˿ȻܾܿܵĻʤ
ңҶҲԽӡʩչӦõսУսӵľˡ
ټսʩչ̫ҶҪȫĽսʩչĻӵеҲֻʩչһΣӡĸ߼սҲȷҪյġ
⣬Ҷۼʶʲôţʱ䣬ɾȻѾƶ˵ʮ𵱳Լʵǿ̫ˣ
ҶĹ㣬ɵ;ܹϵĻôԼҪġƶ
˵ҶڵʵƶѾ㲻ˣǸ߼Ŀռս
ʱܿȥڵǰڵˡ
ڳǰһϣҶǴϯַǰžƣΪΪýˣΡ
ŪŶԼľ仰˵ãǵڵ˲˵ĻʱͬŻ£ԼɾͻҶһҸ
ȻֱҲû˸ţҶĪ֮ĹϵʵϾ͸Ų㴰ֽǱˣǵļɣǵĻ¸κηԵģʵȥͱ㴰ֽѡ
ǰҶҲʵ飬ǼȻѾԼĶˣҶҲͲµˣǵ˵ʵװŸŵӣʱʱĶһ䡣
ʱźȻվɨΧһȦ֮ĿҶϣҲ˵ֱӽҶͬСһ󲽵˳ȥ
ͻȻľٶŪ˶ĪҶԪǿҶǰ˰ɣ
ҶҲһͷˮڰɣĻҲûҪС
˵ĹҶѾ˻һһ߻ЦѯʣѾղǰңҶʶУ˭Ŀڲã
Ȼأ
˵ڲõĵȺڵ˴ˣȻǰڿдһţˣ
Ҷһ֮󣬶ʱȻʵ̲סҲǷЦȻҲˣȫŶӹЦ
ѹɽ󰡣ԼĿڲŲãҶ˭Ŀڲźã֪ǴȺڵ˳ڱȻȥ˳һͬǰɽˣ
Ȼ֧ʱ˳Ѿ洫
˳˽÷ɽš
Ҷһ߱Цһվȵĵ÷ϣôˣ
˳ãȻĵǰȥ׵𣿡
ŵţ֮ϾȻһ˿εĥȥһĸײʶңô죬ȥȸ½֮󣬵λߵ˾ˣҽǴһǰɽף

ʱҶ̲סˣЦ磬ҪǳɲˣҪ𵽵װ
һʱ֮䣬ȫôЦ˳÷ɽô£ֻȻš
Ȼ÷ɽ˳ǱŸץģִ£ȻҲʮǰټȺҲǷƽ˾Ǿ͸һˡ
ҶԪԸ˸Ͻӣϲˣϯ
һٷԵȻŵҲöˡ
ҶԪҶˣһ·͵Ҷ⣬ԭֻһλý˵ģڱλټҶ׼Ƹڶ࣬Ϊ͵ľҶƷˣ˵ʵҲӡʮء
ҶԪŵ˸߸߹֣һҾǰ÷ϣĻ¾ȫλˣ


815 ϲȵڽ
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սվĪ緿ҵĵطһһһֱߴŹŵŻ˹
ӭĪӰУæӭȥеĵô
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Īϴһ˿ЦֻмҶܸ˵ˣҶҲ֪ʲôʱܻ뿪Ѿˣʲôɣ
սüͷ΢㲻Ҫ룬ϽʮңԶҶǰһ˳ĻҲҪʱ䣬Ӧÿˡ
Ը˰ɣ
ɽ˵˰ɣ򲻿뿪߰벽
ĪЦŵͷİɣ㰡ż۲ۣ磬Ūĸһټҿȵ޵죬ô죡
ˣҲҵŮͱ
ĪûĵһսˣӲɣ˭Ů޳ȥ֮ͷܵġ
սüһʱ֮ҲҲĻˣĪȴȻ̾˿ĵս˵Ҷûп磿
仰˵սһʵֿҲֻÿͷһ֣ͱԼҪ롣
ΪҶȢҲпԭģκˣԼڶָҶʲô
ǰԼڼҴƴ޸ҶҶҵĸڵҶң죬ڵҶȸ½һĵһ֡
ټѾ׻ݡ
ģ룡
ս˦˦ԼԴٴαԼҪȥͬʱοԼӡ
£ԶĴ֮ϺȻɹֻϲȵ֮ߴߴĻĽš
ϲȵĽĪ¶һ˿Цݵ쿴ϲȵУ˵кҪˣ
սĿҲעֻϲȵȻû˵ȴţԸкҪɣңǺйصĺ£ԼŮʵ̫ˣ
ĪĪȻǿɫܲ͸ĺɴſڴϣŴ磬ѾǲԼжû뿪ˣǼǵãҶ뿪Լĵڶһʮˣ
ӸĸĿУ֪ҶΪԼǰϽѰҩȥˣڸжͬʱҲʹԼá
ҶѾææˣϢƬ̵ʱ䶼ûУԼǵﲻæң
ȻĪɽ˼㣬㿴ϲȵУٺ٣Ҳ°ҶӦÿˣ
ʱĪϲȵĻ̌ͷעֻϲȵ¶˼顣
ϣĪɽĻģ¼Ҷìܵʮֵܡ
ĪûκεķӦĪɽȻ֪ԼҪĵһ仰ڷĲ죬ĵͷ㣬Ҹ˵ܣ㲻Ҫߵﰡ
Īγ֪ԼĵܵΪ˺ԼģǿϼһЦݵģҿ϶ǵģ˵ɣ
㣬ҿһŮ
ļٵģ˭ҵŮ
ٺ٣ԯһŮ㣬ܵôӢΣΪӣǲ˼˰
ͣ
Ī̲סЦɣǲ˼ҿ㰡
ЦĪɽ˵ĸˣ治ҽ㣬һ¾Ͳµˣǿң˵ǲ񲻺ã

Īͬʱɽɽµɽ֮ϣȻһٰ֧ɵӣƺƵɽ
ɽ֮ŵӶʱһλͽϴæĿʼ´ʦܣʦܣҵʱ׼ʾźţʦܣȽſ죬ɽʦ˼ʦܣʦܣǸȥӭӣ
ŹţİʮֺһǼЩ档
ʱǰ˵ĶѾɽǰ֮ȴͣ
ͳǵٶ⼸΢һЩǵ˵ĻӦòôɣ
˿첽ӭȥĵӱﻹеǵ۹һɨȺкȻһţͷĹʱŵýһģûˤڵء
һ۱㲻ٿæţͷԱߵʮˣ׳ŵӹΪλɽڣкιɣ


816 ʾ
ڳɽɽ֮ȻǰΪҶ׵ŵˣҶԪļգʱڽϵġ
ڵӵѯʣ˳վ˳΢Цĳһֵ׵ģ
شڵĵգ۾ʱҲûת
ѰģʦģģǴûм׵ģҲʵ̫ˡ
ð֮ӲŻعͰ͵ʵףΪΪ˭ףǣĸɵģ
˳Цŵ鷳ͨһ£ǴȺڴ˳̫ϳ÷ɽ񣬺ɽţǰΪҶҶҵҶף
һֱһû˻һܹסҲſʼ߶Ⱥڴ̫ϳϣɽˣҶҶңҶҶҶ
𿴴Ⱥںɽȸ½ڶǺպǶЩû۳˵Ǹûˣֵʱ򣬲ûʲô̫𾪡
ȻҶֵʱȴ׹£˭֪ս֮ʱҶͦǺԼҵĴС֮ϵһԣҲû뵽Щ˾ȻΪҶ׵ġ
ڼȻ֪ˣǵ̬ҲޱȵΪڵĵӣ˭ϣԼĴСܹиõĹޡ
⼸Ӷ˷ܵɵЦԭΪҶǰ׵ģ̫ˣ̫ˣλԵȣԵȣȥ֪ͨȥ
ż˷ܵĴҴתȥ̲סԼԴҲ¶һ˿Цݵƺ֪ҶǿףɹĿӦúܸˣٺ٣
ŵĻȻҶƷɵ˵ĹЦλڵĵһֱ֣ȻڹĽҲʼûз
ӱɽ֮λ̳ŵȺλʦܵ죬źţ֪ͨϡ
ɫʱ䣬ŵĵ棬ǵ𣿡
ͷˣϽźţ죡
ǵˣǣʾȵźš
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Լܵܵ⣬Īܲףȴû뿪Ĵ㣬лһ˿˿ΣеԼҲܹͶԷͬھĻԼҲôʹĻˡ
ȻĪΪĹϵ˹ȻҲŸĸ͵ܵܳŵԼûϣԼܹصǰܹٺҶһɱͷʵϴû뿪Ժ
ֻǣʼѰһʵĻᣬҲɽʾһԼװʹĴûᣡ
λϲûнУվݶ֮ϣֱ䱸ĬĬػĪܡ
˳ҲͷۿǾŶ棬Цҡҡͷӣ׿Ǵϲ£ôųʾźţڵ˶ٴһŵĽ䱸ˡ
Ƭ֮Ȳ˴ӿӰˣ
䣡
촫սŵ˵ǰļȻǵˣԼҲÿϾԲڶԷԲŻŪôĶ
ȻǿǰЦעԼ˳ʱʱȫˣ⵽ô¡
ʱѾæ˹еĵȺڵĴ˳̫ϳ÷ɽɽţǰΪҶҶҵҶ׵ģż֪֮ͨ·ųʾźţˡ
ף
ִս˵Ķ֮Уͬһ಻ϵĺȻը죬һʱ֮Ǿϲӣ


817 
ȻعǺ󣬷ЦЦݺ죬͸˵οСӣСڿˣããð
ʶ͹ҶľǺ󣬶֧ҲϣҶĪһҲǺսͬʱ򣬺Ҳ޷˵ȫ֧Ҷǡ
ˣϢ˵ȻҲˡ
սĪҲڻع˴˶һۣܿԷеο͸ˡ
ڸոգǻڵҶ᲻Ī磬ȻڣҶ׵ȴѾվǰˡ
˼æ˫˫ǰսΪ˿Ҳ̲סɫеĶ˳ֵݡ
ս˵꣬˳ȴȴϵֻʱȺڵ飬ǧҪ⣬Ϊ׵ýˣҡ
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ղսǹŸˣûԼ˵ĻҲʶ˳֪÷ɽ
˲Ż뵱ȻΪȻܹҶý˵ģ˳λĻôȻ÷ɽλȺˡ
ҩĴӣȺϯ̫ϳϣݵý˵ȷû˵ˡ
Ȼ÷ɽȴҲҡҡ֣ЦŵҲֻģýλǰͬʱҲɽ˺Ľݶ磡
ɽˣ
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ȻֻһƣΪ鳾ű䣬Ǽ֮µĵһֵľ磬һƾսǸо˷η𾪡
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ѹҶýˣѹ÷ɽݵλҪΨհ
Ҷսʶŵǿ֮ǴĵеԺý˵ףʵǸڣսӡ
սæٴζţ֣µһҾ׵ǰﱼΪӵĻ˲ͣսлˡ
ŹһЦҶҵܣȻҵ£˿˵ֻҪͬŻ£Ժһˣ˵Щ̫ˡ
ⷬҲ˳Ϊ׼õġ
ǡһˡ֣սͬˡ
սϻοһԵĪǰͬһλԶˣϢϢ
ԶԶԣսһԼԴҹŸˣλͣһ𡣡
ȻҲʱ䵱·ͯĺŴȺȥսվһԣȴ˶֮иϡ
ҶΪףý׼ƸȻҲǻ˼˼ź³˫ԭѡټϡɰƥ߻͡
ǸڵӣҲսĵĸоҶҵĳ⡣
ʵ˵ףҶĪ֮Ļ£˫гֻҪкһܶҪ鷳ΪзҶңΪ˱ʾԼŮأŻ˴ٴ졣
ȻҲҶͬģΪҪĪһĻ
˳ŲУԶȻȴҶ׵Ķɽŵս򸾣СЦŵӣǵ̬Ȼʮģ֪ӭʱ׼̵ĻƶҪˣ
ߣʵһǳĸ֣ƥԱټţ÷ɽ˳ˣ׵̣κɣκ˵Ѿ޷ˡ
ȻҶ׼õӭȽϵĻҲǲʲôˡ
Ҷڵɽ֮սڷվҶƷɡ
ǺҶƷҲˣ˿Ŷʮ־ȣսǰҶϵܣʲô
ҶƷͷЦŵǼү˵ˣýף׵ǲܸųֵģֻеȵ֮ͬҲָܳӭ׵ӣԣŰɣ
սһ㶣̶ЦսֱӹסҶƷɵֱ۵ͨ˵ϰף֮Ͳýôˣߣɽ


818 
ȵŵڵĴʱڵľѾȻսǲûиеӵô£Ҷôɽһ·ͱڶӿټżλӵĴһʮʮ٣Ƭ֮˶֪ˡ
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ǵݣϲ£λѾµĳȥˡ
Ͼ˼ҶѾŻ±ֳ㹻أôȻҲҪʾˡ
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
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ӣ˵ΪԼĻݶܾҶǲ̫Ͳںǳɻò
ĸȰοĪ̲סٴδ޳˵ˣңҡ
ѾͷΨһϣܼ޸˼ңиõĹޣԸϾͿʵˣⲻҲԸˣվúõϴҴȥݼһҶýˣ¸أҲҶĽֳǲʧ
ĪĬĬվȥϵᣬìܵ˼㡣
ʵҶȻˣҪ˵ˣǼٻһ뵽Լ̾ͱ
ĸ׵ĻȴǴһĪ飬ʶԼܾҶǵȷҶ
ҶΪԼĳԼġ
ݵԥ֮ĪĸԴˮԼϴһȻ´ǿɫɴ
ĪĪõɴȴҲûпڡ
ĸŮʰĹ򣬴֮Ѿ˳֮ǰָ㣬һ˵˵ˣͬʱ񵥵ҶµƸ񣬶ˣȹĿ
ս־ܾǰҶҺͲˣﻹҪ˿
սȻֹΪһɨȻ񵥵ͷһԼʮϤ֡޼
սĿ⣬ЦǺǵľʾ⣬һҶҼҶ̧һ˹ӣװűͬһĽ޼
ƸҶ׼ģΨƸҶԼ׼ģһ޼һĪҩ


819 ǵ
Ҷ׼ƸսѾվĿȥûȥĽ޼ǳŵǰҶҶҵҩģ
ʱ˿̣λκҲȲԼŮҸˡ
ſڣһԵ÷ɽȵͷǵģҵ˽ˮҲƳĪҩ˵ý֮⣬ʱҲ׼סһʱ䣬ֱĪܹ»ָա
ս˫ֲͣĴ궯ţ̫͸˵Ѿȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ǰֻϲȵĽΪڣΪԼΪĪϲ£Һ»ǳ˫ġ
սһĵˣĪ磬ҲʼյŮҶףƺָܹĪòҩ˫ϲţֻͷӶе΢΢ķᡣ
Ϊߣô˵棬ôܿסԼǸղŸϹѾ֪龭Īɽȴ޷ˣˮ˳۾˳
˵ķӦŵ˵ҲΪп֪ҶĪ֮˳ҡͷ뿪ڻһգȴĪɽѾߵ÷ɽǰͨһڵء
Īɽ˵ľٶ˶е㲻ԣ÷ɽֻǶ֪Ҫʲô
ĪɽһĿͷԴصڵ淢顱һŵ÷ϣҽллģлл
˵棬ĪɽѾ޷ټ˵ȥ÷ɽĵͷһ֣ͽĪɽ˿Ӧġ
Īɽ׵ˣȸĸҪףʵ֪֮Ǻ޲Լܹһеʹ࣬ϧǣֻڽߣһȵʹԼܺûá
ۿŽܿ࣬ȴΪľͬܣڵ˵оˣϲ⣬÷ɽǸм㡣
˵ķӦ˳Ȼ֪ǸˣٲϽת»Ļ¸˻æվڵȼĪȽκãҲ㽫ڸ
úúãսæͷȥ֪ͨ⺢ӣڿԷˣ
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ȻѾԻָǵĳɳûκεĺôս򸾾ͬģȴҲֻǿۣĪһ
ڳˣĪɽѾᵽս򸾵ģ˭Ҳû˵еĿⶼĪϣͬҲû˴ߴȫĵĵȴš
ڣ˵ע֮£Īѵ˫֣˺Լϵɴ¶Լǧٿ׵ĬĬվԭء
ţ˳÷ɽͬҶĸҶƷڣǶǵһοݺĪ硣
ȴû¶߾ȵı飬ÿ˵϶ŨŨϧͲ̡
ûĸŮ˲ϧԼò˵ǰɫĪ磬κһˣ⸱ģĻʹ
Ůժɴ¸ҵĿһĪοЦŵ磬λǰ
ȻȴǽһڵʲôǰǰģԺҵĵã磬ҽţδĽݶ磬ҲһҶУԺ󲻹˭ҶҪǸ۸㣬߶磬ѵ
ɱ˵һҲǵЦ̸㣬Ǵſ˵Ļ˶֪Ǿʵʵĳŵ
ȻΪҶδӣҲ˸ȥ۸Īˡ
ҲǴ׳Īע΢΢̧ͷŵĳ࣬Ȼòе֣Ǹܵȴϡ
һůӯӯȥϸĵĪ磡
Ÿ뿪ڴӦ˳ȴһЦŵǰ򸾺ĪﻹûдӦŻأĿǰ㲻϶磬ٺ٣²ż÷ϽĪκðɣ


820 ֮
˳仰һ˵ĪĪͬʱ̧ͷ𾪵Ŀ˳ʱȻ׼ټȥˣȫЦ
Īɽ˰ˣ͵͵һԼĸףŴų嵽ĪǰҵĨȥϵ㣬ҶѾҵҩĻȻ÷Ƴܹ˵ҩ
Ī缸ԼĶ䣬ֳãȻ֮ɫĪɽƴĵͷʾ飬ƭġ
ĪȻסԼͣԼ̲ס˵Ľгȴǲ
ʱ÷ɽѾӹеҩߵĪЦŵĪһµʱ䣬ұָ֤
Īһ̣ȻҲƲסĿţûȥΪҸϲõˮ
Ҹ̫ͻȻˣ
սͺۿ΢΢ʪ
ʱΪýˣʼջԼվߵսǰĪҼˣƸҲˣǲǿԱ̬ˣԸԸ⽫޸Ҷ
˵֮Ųһǵһεýˣɲʧ鰡
һ仰ǵ˶̲סЦ˵ĿⶼͶսϡ
ȻҶĪ֮Ѿǹˣǽִ±ϾҪӸĸ֮ģԣս򸾱׿ڱ̬
սĪһ֮˵ĿȴĪϣսף˵ĸоʮ죬ҲҪһδȸԼشֻҪԸ⣬ûκ
һһҸĪ缸ԼǲΣԼ۾һⳡξͻѹվ޴ĿȫЦԼˣһʱ֪֮λش
󣬻ҶƷվ磬˵ʱǲӦó֣˵ģҶҵĶӣ׵бҪ˵仰
˵Ļֻ࣬һ䣬仰Ҳ˵ģǶ׿ڸҵģ˵뾡취ȥָòĻҲȢţ
Ϊףȡõгɾ͹Ȼеˣ仰ȴҴеԺҲ˵ҵĶж㣬Ҹ˵ҵĶϲ㣬ԣԸԸ޸Ҷ
ҶƷ˵֮ⷬĪѾĵ˵ͷĵԸ⣬Ը⣬Ը⣡
ĪԸ˵֮һƬžű㱬һ춯صĻ
ڵĵӣҶҴЩˣʱ˿̶̲ס
ȻʱŵɫȴȻһ䣬͵̧ͷ˴ڵݶ
Ŀƺܹ͸ݶֱӿա
ԭʵ֮ϣȻ˴ƣһƬѹѹڱա
ѹŵĿ˵ĸ֣üͷĵǴ˵֮ô֮أ
ŵĿĪʱжʱһѵ˵ûл֮ǰ֮ࣿ
˶ϲú˷֮Уûע⵽ɫı仯ҲѸԼı飬Ӳţͷ֮ϼһЦݣעĪ磬ü֮Զһɫ
սĵȥϯ˫ϲϲţҪףһ
Ҷ׺ĪĻָڻõĳ˽޼ȷϲš
˵ϣΪý˵ȴǾܾμϯȷսĴӦĪҶĻ֮ͽҶżˣ뿪
˭Ҳûлɣ˼֮иϻҶҶңý˵Ҳȷ˳ɣںˣȻҶƷɺսˡ
˵ͱ֮£Ȼֱÿռ֮뿪ȻñͶ˾η֮ĵսˣӵˣ֮ȴǸˡ
ΪҶĶ磬ҶڵŮô㣬ǺŶһˣ
ŲûֱӻصҶң뿪ɽǧ֮һɽͷƿռ
̧ͷͷϷѾգǿԿɽϿգȻǺѹ
֮׹ȻڵģпܾĪ磬УҵøϽܣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȷڼΣȴŵ˴Ϣ
ȻģûеõȷĴ֮ǰҲȫ£û˼ָˣͬȹϵһںɽصŲ
ʱŵӰи֣һҶǰҶæϲӭǰȥ磬ô
ŵɫϾҶĻֱ˵ʵܣδ֮ǰǲ֮ࣿ


821 ķ
ʳ⣬ҶɫȻһ䣺磬ô֪ģ
Ǿˣѹѹ֣ŵɫҲòȥüͷһģ
磬׳ʲôˣô֪ǰ֮ģ
ָָָյΪӦԸ޸ʱ󣬺ѹ֮ס
֮ף
ѧһ㲷Է֪ʶ֪һЩ࣬мľ֮ףҲ²ǰ֮ࡣ
ҶίʵûϵžȻͲ㣬ż׷ʵ磬Ϊʲô֮ף֮׿ܻᷢʲô£
ص̾˿֮׳־ʹŻٽ٣ֻҪӦٲôܻ
ʲô
Ҷ֮׾ȻΣգ
磬ǰòȻ֮࣬Ѿݣ˵ӦѾƽ֮˰ɣ
ҲǺΪҵʱֻ˽һ£ûоƽ֮Ӧûô򵥣
磬ûʲô취ܹ𣿲֮׻֮ࣿ
УΨһİ취㲻Ȣ
취ҶסˣҲ֪˵ʵΪüʦͰԼ˵ͬĻӵ֮ˣֻҪûҵˣ¶ϵĻûʲô£һˣôͻֶѣ
ڳ֮׵ԭ򣬿ҲΪԼףͬˣһ𣬲Ż̼ٵĳ֡
ΨһĻⷽҶ
ҶǿԼ侲Ƭ̺磬˵ںһλҶҲóԣҲа취ƽ֮࣬׼ں֮󣬾ʹȥѰҷҶ
ڳֵֻ֮ҪʱΣ֮УǾʱȥҲܲȢģ
ٴҡͷݺݵһŵܣҾʵ˵˰ɣ֮һ֣ʹٺܿҪˣ˵ڿʼͻʱʱ̿Σ֮С
Ҷüͷԭ֮׳ֵ壡
ԼҲĪΣգǸôأѵȥĪ磬Լ׼Ȣˣ
У
Ƭ֮ҶȻ̧ͷͷ죬޺޵ĵ죬Һòײߵ˽죬ۿžҪҸˣ㻹ƫƫҪһţãҶͺ㶷ɣ
ܣҪʲô
Ҷͷϵı龹ȻѾָƽ磬鷳ȥڣڿʼҾҪĵĴߣҵҪʶһ£ٵʲôӵģ
ȻȴҡҡͷУ㲻ȥȥĻ»ټӿӾ絽ʵĿǰԶȥŰɣ
磬ҵ£ôܹȥ
ҶȻͬˣȴڰֵż˵꣬ҲԼԼЦԹʵֻ֣֪壬ʲô壬ԵĶ쿴˳۵ˡ
Ȼ֮Ϊ׶ֵģôʵҲ͵Ǻһ𣬳Ӧ֮ˣȥĻôٵӴ󣬵ʱΣգҲͬҲӦ֮ˣôֻһ˵٣ҵܹʱ⡣
ҶƶǶڹĵֻܷƽ㻯٣ǲǾܳƽ֮֮ˣ
ܣһΣôͿ϶еڶΣҵڶεӾ޴ֱӦٶҪȫƽ⣬ôԴͷҵƽ֮İ취
ҶɴھʹĪ뿪ȥѰҷҶڲҶһڣѾ˼ĻµϲõУҪԼôһߣʱ˵һΪѿ顣
ˣֻеȵ֮ˣ
磬ʵˣ
ôʲôˣھͻڣ㸸Ƕ˾֮һ֪ͨһȻ׼һɣӦû٣
仰֮ٴδ򿪿ռ֮뿪ˣҶվԭأдʣսսս
ĬĬһдսʼĻҶ˫ֽճȭ˸Ĺâ

ڶ죬žٴλΪҶսѾ˻¾еӣͶһ֮ӭ·Ҫѵʱ䣬ǾҪҶԼˡ
ҶҲںүү֮նһ֮󣬳ǰȺӭף
ҶҾæµöװҶңõһӦƷԼ
ȻϵȺˣϾҶĽѹ㷺֮ҲǼΪңԶԴӽ쿪ʼ˾͸ָԼͬޣǰȸ½ٽĵط


822 Ѫ
Ҷ˶ΪҶĻ¶æµʱΪ˵ҶȴǽԼ˷֮У˵Ҫչһʱ䡣
ҶԪǿЦãۿͿҪˣȻѡʱչأȻ˵̿Ǻ£ҲʵûбҪ̿ൽ̶ֳȰɣ
ȻҶ˵Ҫչأô˭Ҳȥֻܸɴ൱ڼң˻Ǹæġ
ҶҲǵȷ׼ڽ֮ǰúõˣʱ飬˵֮׵ĳ֣ԼпٵٻԼһ죬ôԼȻҪ׼
ս˵˵ģ
Ȼô̵ʱڣҶҲԼʵ߾ͻͽһ뵽鳾ɴཫעеѪ֮ϡ
ȻҶԼĿǰʵȷʲô֮ȴǲźܶӵмĶ
ȥѪ㣬Ҷڴľʹʯʯͷܹͷųƺ޾һǿΣʱ̣ҲѪһͷųԼҶ
ҶѾѪֱ˵£ҶԼôΪģϾǿиռԼķҶоɣٿ϶ԼΣգѪְæôֻܽϣʹʯ֮ϡ
ֻǹʹʯҶһ֪ڣǿа취˽һ¡
ǾǽѪ
ʮÿһѪ֮жһʯѪе˵ʹʯʯһʯͷֻҪܹʯû׼ܹ˽ʹʯ
ŶԼ֣ԼѾӵܹѪʸˣ
ѪҵʯԼԱħµһ׻꼼ٺõĻٴʯиһʯͷѪҶչصĿġ
ҶԼȫͷ֮ϣѪĸ˳۵һѪΣسظ
ȻҶ֪Ѫ²Ӧ壬ͬŽʱȻ뵽Ѫ֮С
˵һľһֵٶҪ࣬Ϊ֮Ļʶ֮£ʼĴ߶ѪƮ˹ȥ
꣬ǳ򵥣ֻƵ˲֪Ƕôѡ
ƮƮģƺûһ·һ㶼ܴߣʵϣÿǰһ룬Ҷѵĸо
Ϊ˽ѪҶֻҧ֣ĿѪ֮ľڲϵ
ڣ꿿ѪʱѪ֮жȻһǿҶпܵʱ䣬ʱͱѪ
ɲ֮䣬ҶֻԼˮһؿڷ·ѹһʯԼƤҲǳصĸ
ֲʵĸо˲䣬ҶȻһۣ̾ʧ١
ʱҶǰֳһѪɫ磡
磬ҶİΪѾܶΣѪе硣
̧ͷѪɫգΧŵѪɫĿۿȥǰһƬѪɫѪζҶеŻ
Ѫ𣿿ǣôһˣ
Ѫʮ֮Уһģ֮ǰҶѪľԼѪչֳĻӦƬѪɫ֮УͻӰڷĺС
֮ƽޱȣɫ̫Ŀζ̫Ѫȣôȥûκβס
Ѫ˵ﵹȷǲҲʹʯͷųǳơ
վѪıϣҶĹˣһƬտУʲôֻܽĿ¶Ѫ֮ϣ᲻Ѫأ
ԥƬ̺ҶţѪ֮ȥ
ֵ鷢ˣĽŸոˮˮԶԷ˿ӱˮ
ԼôҲӵбˮ
ǰˮȻԷֿЩֿĺˮȴǺܿ£
ҶҲټɻ䣬󲽣źȥ
ҶǰѪɫˮϷֿѪɫˮȴǲϺ£εΪ׳ۡ
Ҷһ·ͨѪУͻȻһգź׹䡣
Լ׹䣬Ҷûκΰ취룬Ϊڵֻ꣬ûû壬ʲô޷ʩչ
ΧĺˮȻԼٶȷֿ£ҶðһŹֵͷԼòԶȥɡ
ûͷת꣬˫ȴѾȵʵΧѪɫĺˮ֮⣬ҲһͬѪɫĴţϵһЩʽĻƣЩƣҶİΪ·
Ҳ֪ʲôƳɵģȥͳޱȣҶ̧ķ˴֮ϣҪԼܷƿ
ȻƸոսӴţ֮ϾͶʱֳһɫͬ֩·ͬʱȴҲǺŲͬĺںһ֮󣬴žȻԶĴ˿


823 ޾ļ尾
ѪɫĴԶߴ򿪣ĿռͳҶǰǴ˿̵ҶȴûüȥΪ˻ҽ֮ſ˲Ѿǰ̵ĳĶ䣡
ֲͬĲҽǷľӣٺݺݵĴҶÿһ񾭡
еĲҽеĳƣеİеĸŴϢÿһ²ҽŷ޾ʹ౯Ҳŷŷŭ;
УЩҽУźƺøָڽкš
Ϊʵ̫ˣҶ޷ֱЩԵ˵ʲô
ҶڴڵĴŴ˫ԼĶ䣬ǸûãЩȻǼĳĶ䣬飡
Լ޷̫ãΪЩҽ裬Կ϶Ѫĵһ
ҽʼճţǴûмϹһҶԼҪȥĿͶ˵档
֮ϣȻҲǲ˷µѪɫ·һһһƬһƬȥĿޱȡ
˳ŵ·￴ȥҶ˿
һټĸͷĿտ磬һŨѪɫѪ֮£ȻӰӰ´µӰϥ
ЩӰͬһһ㣬û˿һ·Ѿǧʱ䡣
Ǵ˷ĲҽУȻЩӦȴͬһ
̬;ֹӰ˹ĽһҶﷺһɺ⡣
ٴ˿ҶŴŵ˽ȥ˾һӰǰ
Ӧһߣ㣬Ŵƣ֮ͬѪɫ·ɢŵ⣬Ȼµϵ·һ塣
ߵĳΪϵٺͼѾȫŤһƺĵʹ඼ϡ
˫ţն񣬲ȴܸеһҪԼʹഫݳȥŵòǺܴ󣬵ռ֮еĲҽЩ֮һ
Ҷǰȥǳǧÿ֮䱣һľ룬һһȫǳʹͷŭûЩǿľĵ
ʱҶѾ˵һǵĿƣӦֱӰ쵽ǵ꣡
ټĿռڲѪɫ·һޱ޼ʵĴǾͬǱסһ㣬޷뿪Ҳ޷
ʱ˿̣ȻǵǾֹģʵǵڳĳ˸޷ļ尾ŻǷ˾ͬԵĲҽ֮
ּ尾Ѿ֪˶õʱ䣬ֻҪѪ֮Уôÿÿ붼ڳţѹЩ˶뿪Ѫǳ˿˷ܣ
ҶӿԼĽŲٵĴһ˵ǰ߹Ҳ˼ԼϤˣҦɽӣеķŭȻҪű꣬ȴ֪ĿǰԼǵ״Ϊ
ҪǵõȣҪѣΨһİ취ԼĳΪѪˡ
ڣһѪΪŨĵطҶҵԼĿġʯ
ϿʹʯʵȫͬΪͨīڣҲɼǱ˴˶ͷųŨ
ûѶҶʯıҵһȻħĻ꼼
Ϊһе˸жħҲû򣬿һһõĻᱻȡߡ
ҶץͷҲصŴȥ
ԭԿܷʯϻøԼõϢһʯͷûˡ
ЩԶĳʹѪˣʵû
һ߿ٵߣҶһߴ߶ţҪΪѪ֮ҪΪħۣ
ֻΪѪˣֻгΪħۣӵͷǵ
ҶѪɫĴţԶرգȻӵѪ֮˵ѾѪĳЩ
ȥ·˳ûѶҶѾ뿪Ѫ»صԼ֮С
۾ҶڵĴŴղѪоһʵ̫ѹˣڸǱһ㣬û˿ȴȻǿվ򿪷˳ȥ
ȫƾһ֧ţҶ˺ɽȷԼ֮û֮֮Ͽʼҫ۵ĺ⡣
ǣһѪˣ̵ĳǰ
ܹǾܵƬ̵ʹ࣬ҲĿǰҶΪļˡ
Щڳ֮ȴһɫãȻеĿȫҶϣ֪ٻԼ˳ʲô
Ҷе㲻ҺǵĿӣͷûʲôֻǶһʱ䣬ɻֻҪ˷־Уȵʱǻȥ


824 Ϊԭ
һµʱ䣬Ҷʹɽսͻ꼼ÿʮʱͻὫѪ˾ܵĶͷųܶʼĲظš
ڼ䣬ҶҲʹİϧıÿһ죬ʲô취ܹԼӵͷųѪ˵˭Ҳ֪ΪѪ˵ȨΪ죬ֻзӡ
ҲҶ֮Уʵħ֮⣬ֻзҶܹ֪𰸣Լȥڻ½֮ǰ롣
һµʱڹȥˣҶ뿪ɽȣصҶҡ
һҶҵĴţͱҶץ˹ȥ˴Ҷ˺ͺѶۼӭ׵Ķ龿Щȥ
Щ⣬ҶĻشܼ򵥣ԼҪ֮⣬㣬˭ԸȥУԼţ
ǣ׼ʱչҶǰӭˣҶԼһ
ҶҵĴ֮⣬ַͣйߣֱǴȺڵ޶ڵгһճ˾ʮʾ쳤ؾõ˼ԦЩߵĶǳϵĸ֣
Ҷҵ˼㳲Ҷڶװ˵ҶͽɣǰѾŴӱ֮ؽӻֵܵˡ
ҲҶԪܱ߸ǣ֮еһҲǴճ˾ž֮
ȻЩֻҶԼˣûаҶ׼ˡ
ǲеˣ
ҶЦŵ
࣡ҶԪЦǺǵĵҺүүүү׼Űپʮ˵ģǵ϶Ҫҽ˻ʱ»£ԲŸĳ˾ʮˡ
Ҷ̲סͷŰپʮȥӭס
Ϊ˵үү뵽ʲô⣬Ҷæʮž;ʮŰɣ˼ȻˣҲ׼ˣ֣׼𣿡
ϵ´߹ͷˣ׼ˣȫɽ֮⣬ǽ
ϵµһХһֻ޴ɽ֮˳ʮֻݣʮֻޣͬһ㣬Ķ顣
ֻ޴󲿷ֶͬޣСǺǣѩǺӸطʱץģ˳ҲЩûͬ޵ˣȵӭ׽Щ޾ͿԱΪͬޡ
е޷ֳʮֻ飬Ϊ׵ȻϵµͬޣʥĲ񣬶ţϵţ·ϵİ񶼺ȻС
ЩޣеҶ˲Ŀɿڴ׼Щй߾Եеˡ
εվҶԣ˷֮ɫԾԾԵĵҶҪҪھֳԭΣ
Ҷŵæֹżȿ쵽ɽʱֳԭҲü
ԭǿǽʮ׳һͬε㣬ҪھͻָԭΣƵһˡ
ٺ٣ðɣ˵ˣλĪʱŻ
һһ
Ѿ׼ȫҶ͵һֵˣڳ
඼˷й֮УܷɵзɵУܷɵĸɴڷݵıϣ˿С
Ҷźǣѩ򸾣ӱˮֱ𣬷ǰɽȥ
Ҷҵˣȫ̧ͷŻЦݣעſ֧Ŀ׳۵ӭ׶顣
ͷҶߣŰֻޣѺβǾʮ޶г
Щ˵ٶȣҶҵɽòʱ䣬û취ΪսѾԼӭ׵һ죬Ҳֻܷٶȣǰš
ҶѾԶԶĿԿɽڣͣΣת˵ǰɽˣλүүҪʲôǾͿˣ
Ҷѹ֪ô˸үүôŵģʲôܣǰүүķԸʲôʲô
ǣ
ҶתĲͷҲ׼ˣ
Ĳ췢һİֻ޵֮϶ʱ˸ɫ⣬ÿֻ޵嶼ڷű仯ԭһ˱Ŀ
һָԵԭΣ䲻һɹɺصǿƶʱ֮ϡ
ҶſҲԻָԭˣ
ϣ
һѾܾˣ췢һͬĳХεʱըһڹ⻷֮£ڿֳԼԭΡ
һʮҵĺɫ
ոջָԭεЩޣǰʱԵ罿С֮࣬ϸر
˺֮⣬ޣҶҵڣ˭ҲûмԭΣڿǰͻȻֵɢǿϢĺɫ֮һŵòӿеȥ
ҶҲǺһվԴ֮ϣͬʱ˺ǵҲԭΰɣ
ৣ
֣â
ħѪǣӱˮ޾βѩ֮ϣ
ˣ


825 ͷ
ʱҲҳһƬ˶ǳҹδߵæµţ׼ױģʰӭģװӵģ֮ɽȫǱŨϲ֣ÿ˵϶ƲסЦݡ
ڴСĺڵˣ
ĪסϲһȦײֻ¶һ˫鶯˫ۣͬС¹ײһȴ÷ɽĵ
һĪϵҩ඼÷ɽλȺڵ̫ϳͿĨһѾĨ꣬ͿԲЩײĪǼȽΣ֪Լָܷ
÷ɽս򸾺ͺͬ˽÷ɽ΢Ц֮⣬ϵɫĪҪš
Īоô
Īĵ˵ͷҹеϾͲˡ
ǲˣҾͰ
˵䣬÷ɽѾߵĪǰʼϵİײ
һ̣ս򸾺ͺס˺ÿ˵Ķᵽɤۣ˫۾գҲգĶĪ
ڣײ֮˼ͬʱĳһڳŵĳ׵ԭҲ¶οЦݡ
ĪѾȬָԭòұǰҪӵĽۣǰ˿ǵļһ⻬͸ƣɫ㣡
ȻԱͱ˾ӣĪȴûȥգڿ˸ĸظı֮Ծǳ
÷ɽЦǺǵĵĪվˣ⣡
ĪԥƬ̺ԼоֵĹ⻬ʱŹߵ˾ǰ
֮Ǹתü˫Ůӵһ̣Īϲ
÷ɽ΢΢һЦսǵ˵ͷת˳ȥѾԲɣսͺĿһĪ֮Ҳǽ˳ȥֻĪĸŮˡ
ĪߵĪߣĽ§ڻͬӯĵѾͷˣ

ĸŮ˱ͷʹޣʧõϲãҲмҵĲᡣ
һ֮ĪȲϵˮĪɵѾͷˣϲӣĵģ㻯ױһҶҪˣ
˵仰Īոֹסˮٴ̲סԼŮӽ쿪ʼҪΪ˵ӣ뿪ңȻ˵沢£ȻŨŨĲᡣ
ֵĪοĸˡ
һޣһЦ˴֮ǽȶ
˸ɾˮĪԶ֣Īԡ£Ȼϴ£ϼ˾ǰʼױ
Ůǰͷȸ½ķףҲ⡣
ĪĪͷùһոµӣʼΪŮͷһᣬһ߶ţһᵽβᵽ׷üᵽأᵽ񾡱롭
˵˵ţĪոչվ׼սһĻҲۿʪ
Ůĳޣڸĸ˵Ƿǳѹһ¡
Ϊ˲ŮԼѹĪἫĿԼһͷĽĪͷ
սɣ
Ī֪ɷĵԼҲ˸ŮĴ磬һҪϸͷˣͷһǣֻеȰݹ֮ܽҿԸĸʲôҪŮ˵ģֻܳ˵ˡ
ս˿˽ϴ˿Ҳ¶ŨŨĲᣬȰĪ磬ӲǼһЦ磬ѡ۹⣬Ҷ۸㣬һҪߵԲܰίġ
ˣĪῴֿҪ޳ĪŮˣһὫױ޻ˣģҶô۸㣬ˣսȥλҲɣ
սĬĬĵͷӴ֮ĪҪ뿪ɽôʼսŮĺλϣȻҲҪ
λʵڲԶţ˿ǵҲܣϲӣвᣬҲҪÿ˶Ǽ˴ЦȻ׼õĪС
磬˽ͲǺˣ޵ҶңһҪТ˳ͻݡ
Ī׼ٶĪһʱͻȻ洫Īɽ𾪵Ļ㣬ˣҶˣҵ㰡
Īɽ£˵ɫ붼ˣΪֵǣһ̶о˴֮дǹͬһƣ
죬ŮϽϸͷ
ĪķӦ죬һץ߼ĸͷĪϣսǸһ뿪ӡ
׳۵˼µӭ׶飬ÿһڵˣ


826 ӭ
ʱ˿̣ɽĶҫһʮ׳ĺɫ̤ƼС
ֻɫľβѩʮβ͸߸ʮ׵ģӭչұһֻ׵ĺɫǣĳëͬһҫۣԱһͷӽ׵ޣʨӣС߰ͷֳһһ̬
Žָֻޣһֻֻ쳣񿥷Ƿ֮ǽ޶ге룡
ھͷ֮վŵҶ
һȺ˺ޣռ˰Ƭգ˿ȫڿУȻûһǵصǿȴǺڵɢ˳
Ⲣʾƣ׳۵ƣɽǣʱס˺۾գҲգĶſС
սˣһҲûмôų
ʥ޵ޡӺħ޻ݣ׷棬ôķйߵ
ʼմڵź÷ɽ˿վһ𣬿Ҷӭ׵̶Ҳǲ࣬òҶ̫ˣ
ŵﻹ׮£ԴԼۼ֮׺ĵڶ죬ѹĺƾɢˣֱҲûгֹӦ֮Ҳͬûг֣ʼշŲ
ô˵Ҷϲӣеķ¶Ҫʱ׿
ĪѾ§ŮվſڣȻĪͷϴźͷ͸ͷȻܹϵο
ʱ˶·һ㣬һƬ飬Ҳû뵽ҶȻ¡صӭԼţ
ΪŮˣ¶ԼҪһʱ̵ΣȻҲϣԼĻܹ⣬¡ʢĪҲ⡣
˿̣ҶĪľϲԶԶ󣬳ϣĶ޷ѣ岻ͣĲţԼΣҧԼ촽Լ޳
عĪŮĶĵ˰ɣ磬۹ûдΪԼѡķµһĺж
ʱҶڿˣ羪ףȴΣתˮĴɽÿһ˵Ķ䣺ײĪĸϸ磬ϣϣλڵǣӭȢţ
˵֮ҶһѾıֱս˵ǰ˫ϥڵء
սǲЦЦһ仨ý˵ý̾ʮˣȻҶӭ׵̸Ǵ󳬳Ǹǵӡ
ˣλҶδ˼æǰ˫ֽҶãããɽȥ
Īɽ˷ܵĶҪҲűˣӦһͬһĳ˳ȥĪǰ󺰴ŵ㣬ˣ
һ򡱶ʱĪ͸ƻиͷţĪЦַԼŮֱۣһ˳ȥֱҶǰ
ʱ֮޶гҲиҶ˶ӿ˳Ź֮˷ϲõնʱɽ
ĪὫŮȽսսǣԼŮҶǰ֣صĵҶ죬ҾͽŮˡ
ĻսѾе˵ˣŮ۰ĲŮ뿪һҧ֣µĽĪֽҶС
ģһúչģ
Ī֣Ҷܹо΢΢Ĳ΢סһԵĳŵһ㣬ɲǼĪİ
ʱҫ۵̹˸ͻȻ׷ƮɫĻ䣬γһ꣬ƫýҶĪ֡
һԼվﱾǳףܵĻ꣬Ϊƽ˼֮
ȻЩѩɷ磬ٿľԵ۳һЩ˵Сһ
ҶĪ֣սЦЦǻҪڼճףھͶȥˣ֪жҪһͬǰҶңЩ޽Կɵ
ȻҶӭףĪұȻҲҪЩ˸ȥġ
սǵ·;ңԶ׼̫ȥģҶŪộ˵Щˣ͹Ǿʮ޶гҲװˣƬ̺ȻˣҾԴǰɣ
û⣡
λϴ첿ֵ¿֮⣬ս򸾺ͺԴӣͬĪļױȫɽ
ǺȻһͺ𣬶Ҷ˽ĵ˵ͷȻս˵һ
£ǿȻһǿϢӿѸ׹ɽϢ֮УҶĪվķԲ׵ؾȻֱգֱ͵ıϣ
սһ֣ڶʱٵѤõֱ̻ʣӳƬգ֮Ҳͬʱһɻϲص֮УҶڳɹӭԼӣ


827 
ҶĪ֮󣬿еǰֻҲڵԼϡ
˵ЩͨˣսⱲҲûޣ첻Ǵ۽磬˸Ǵż˷ּ飬Сޡ
ȻЩƽﶼߣԼ֮⣬ԼϣĲͺǵǿ޵ѹ֮£һ˳ͬһû˿Ƣ
̻УҶĪΪףӴӭ׺׶󣬺ƺƵҶȥ
ų÷ɽҲ߰ɣ
ãǰ룡
ҲǳʣڶĩβΪ˱ݻ
ΪҪʱ䵽·ϱҪ죬ʱȻͦǶߺЩ˵ʲôӡʱ䶼
ҶĪϣҲʮĵԼ۳һεӣ˸ܵͿĴϮ
Ī֣ҶھͽǿͷƿǸϰˣټүٳǰǧҲûӡ
ֻѹ磬쿪ģ
Ī˿̿ҶĻͷ֮µһƬ֮ɫҶĵ˵ͷߵ˼˵ˡ
ǿĵ˼㣬Ǳ׽Ҷһ̣㶼Ҫɤ۱ĳˣֱȻûƽ
һжƻһ㣬Ҹ޷ţ
òָҶӭףĸͣ⣬ΪһŮ˵еҸڴ˿̶ϣĬĬĸл죬лԼ˾ˣлܹԼ³ɣʵеԸ
Ȼȴ֪лͬʱɷȴڲϵľעա
ղҶѾõŵĴ֪Ƿƽ˾ٲûг֣Խ֣ԽҪ裬Ϊʱ֣ܳҲһ𣬰ŵĻ˵˶Ӧ֮ˣһֵĻԲС
ˣҶҪʱ̾裬Īܵһ˺ͬʱΪ˲ӰԼĪҶòܽԼľֳ
·̹ȥ죬ͿԵҶңȻգû˿֣Ҷ̲סе㻳ɣǲ˵̫ˡ
һ·֮ϣÿҲЦտȻڿУǴ󲿷˶ܴԲӰǵĽ̸ЩһܷйߵҶ˺ڵǣǴһƬٲȻͬһһ
һĻȻսҶǶǵʮֵο
ΪҶĪĽϣںҶҲʽ׼ңʵһˣ˫˵Īĺô
ڣʱȥˣۿٹܵҶˣҶʼŵҲ֮΢΢ɡ
Ȼʱ͸żصȴĶУܣԾǰٹ֮ңдƬƸǣ֮ǰҿ֮׼ΪƣСĵ㡣
һ仰ҶոշȥٴվĿԶȻĿŻżĲ࣬Ƭ֮ҲڿЩѹѹƣڱա
ʵһƬƣɫҪ֮⣬ǰƲûʲôͬûŵѣҶԲע⵽ǡ
ҲĿΪսŴҶǰҪˣǼӿٶȰɣ
ã
Ҷɫ֣̼ӿٶȣű˲עʱҶֽԼ͵͵͵˺ǣѩǵĶУһʲôԾ鷳Ǳˣ˭Ҳ׼Һ磡
ҶҪúȫĪֻȴеĲΣյϢǳе˸ڽңҾҪɱ
ص˦һβ͵ҶеʹҵıϲҪ뿪ҵҪ˭ôĵӸ£
Ҷ֪θǽֻͣǿӲ̬ȵǱˣǶҵѺͿˣβκ⣬һԱ磬û
ĿһҶˣ裬ɷ磬ˮһʲô˳֣Ǳˣ
ã
ҶΪ˽ģҲҶʽĿǸԼ˵֪бȻԼԭ
ʲôԭ򣬾ͬղ˵ҶϲӣԼ»ȥҲκˡκ½ҶĻ


828 ĸо
ȻҶ˵ЩԴķʽͳȥģĪĪȴĸоҶʱͻȻýﲻ΢΢һѵʲô
ֱӭ׵ĶҶϷ֮ʱҲûκ鷢ҶԪҪҶҪӿ£׼õĻκǰҶҡ
һ·൱һʽӭʽӱϾҪα̧ɼҵġ
үүҪҶûоܾΪҲǵʵ̫ټô޺ͷйߣҶڵǸɽȸͬʱɡ
ڵҶʵҲȫҶҵĵ̣ǰҶҲûʲôס
ҶԪԴҶƷֵܣ˹ʱˣǿԶϳֵĺѹѹӰǷǰʮ׳ġʱ붼һ
ΪҶҲûи˵飬ŹȴǺܿعҶʲôӭصĪˣڸϽڣϲ֣ĪʽӻҶҰɣ
žıУҶĪıϿ˳ȵվڿУ˵Ľðһؽݣֱ쵽˵档
һĻȻѩڰиĹȴǽպеǡôŴӻ֮ƮȻµҶĪ磬˶˷·Ͻ䷲ĽͯŮһ㡣
Ҷ֮һֱҶңѾ˺ɫĵ̺ҶĪոҪ䵽ʱҶƷȴǼæ˳СĳԼĶӵմأ
˿ҶȫעĴܣʱֵܳ٣׵ĻŻع¶˿ЦӦЩഫĹء
Ȼ׶ˣԼҲܲۿ˵˫ҪʱҶĽȴðһʹ⣬ס˵塣
ϻΰɣ
ҶĪǰһ˰̧Σ̧ӵİ˸˺Ȼֵܣȳĸ֣
óĸ䵱η˵ȥ¶û˻ţҶңʲô
ʱĪȴٴνΪڿѾҶҵĵ̣ҶˣһϻΣò˶þҪҶңˡ
֮󣬾ʹӴԺͲڵĴС㣬ǱҶӣ
ҶȻܵĪĽţ֣ʾýţȻӵԼһֱǰֱĪ˻Σ
Ȼе޺ӭ׵Ҳ׷£ҶԪҶƷǼǰսĺš
ֻ޶һ֮󣬷ֱСΣȻڿУȴǻܣԷʲôΣշ
ҶվڻԱߣ̧ͷͷǺѹѹƣжȻð˲ĸо
оĳ֣˵˲ӶƲû֮׵٣Ҫڽ֣Լˡ
ԼԲܵκε˺Ҳܣ
ڽеĪ磬ȻľȴܸоҶɢǹʵ̲סʵҶܣǲǳʲô£
Ҷ΢΢һЦû£еţ
ͣ
Ī粻ЦҶ仰ɹĴĲҲ֮ѵãҲнŵʱ򰡣
Ҷû˵ȻԾɴЦݣĿ֮ȴ͸һ˿ǡ
ŵĴҲʱ𣺡ܣ˵ϲҲ˵ģܸовõ鷢ģҿ϶ᱣ͵ðȫģ
ҶشһʱүүսѾϣһ˵ȿʼǰҶңֻܱͣڻεԱߣżҵķȥ
ԽҶĲҲԽأɫҲԽڵʱ仹磬ΧȴͬҹһЩƺڲ³ĺѹѹƣ˵ĸо־һ
˹Ȼû󲿷˵ע⡣
ҶԪζս׼ңǶԲס˰òѡգû뵽ȴô
սĿڿţٲ־òԾˣҶԪĻȴЦŴ޷޷칫ܹǣǰͿ쵽ˣ΢ǣ
ǰҶڵɽȹȿˣսĻոµʱ֮ͻȻһף
¡
׵춯أֱض΢΢˲Լͬͣ˽Ų̧ͷԴŵ̧ͷ죬ôô
ֻҶţʱȴǲԼͬðһͷˣ


829 
һ׹ȴûĶֻǺڲ³ĺѹѹ˵оޱȵѹֱ֣ڰģЩƻ᲻ֱ£ѹԼϡ
ҶŸնһۣ˭Ҳ޷⵽ô£
ʱҶԪѾĴߴٵˣ𷢴ˣǴѣʲôÿģϽ㣬˼ʱ
һ仰˾˹Ǳڼţϲּ࣬ҲǰҶȴȻҷɾ裬ڻεԱߣ߽Ҷڵɽȡ
ɽ֮УߵҶң˶Լͬ˿ֻҪɽȣôúˡ
ͣҶҵĴǰչأҶҪĪ米ҶңΪڰ֮ǰĽǲصġ
ҶȻǳ˵Ǻ;裬Ϊ˲˵ĿֻţҲֻʱѹסеĸߵ˻εǰ档
磬㰡ɱɩӸˤˣ
ҶʱһôЦҲŸ
Ⱥ˵ٺЦǳɢѹֳصգϲ³ҶҵϿա
Цһ࣬Ҳûȥעͷˣȫ䵱ıǰס
ҶͦȻģǱҶһ壬Ҳе㲻˼ɫͨĵҶһۣȻתŽӿڵ磬ɣұȥ
Ī˼˵ˣϽһƬҿͷϻиͷţȻǼΪߵſҶıϡ
Ҷʼ壺米ɩӽඣ
ںϲٴ𣬶ҶҲļӿ˽ŲĪɿ߽ҶҵĴţһ·͵ѾúõĶ֮С
Ǹ磬һᣬȥ棬һҪϯˣҸ㣡
仰֮ҶǷһ뿪ˣʮҪԼʱٳһ㣬ȥ֮ԼǸƤĵܵл˵ˡ
ȻѾҶҵţǽҪʼˣһỹҪи·ǰ
еĵطɽ֮УͷϷǺѹѹƣʵ̫ѹ֣ҶԪ׼ϯڵڵʱ÷ɽȴЦǺǵվ˳Ҳ˵ͷϿͻȻֳһȼŻ÷
÷ԽԽȻɵ˿УȻͬһС̫һʱɽȣɢĸ£ҲΪ˴һů⡣
үӣҵĳԸɽȣ꣬Ҳ˲䱻գ䲻ȻͨĻ
˵һ仰ʱ÷ɽĿһۣȻҲ˲Ծ
Ҳͬڿҳ˵ͷֻ÷ɽȻֻΪϯṩůʵȴԼĳΪҶҲóһǿķ
ʲôΣգֻҪҶҵϿգôľͻ÷ɽĳ
ҶԪ֪ô࣬ȴҲȸмֵĵʵ÷ϣ˵Ѿˣʵ̫ˡ
÷ɽȥڰЦŵûʲôĴϲ֮գôҲ°ɣңһĵ𣡡
ֻǵֿͨı꣬ô÷ɽȷĵ𣬵״ǽͲ֪ˡ
Ȼ÷ɽ֣ҶԪҲû˵ʲôˣֻǶ÷ɽһҾףл÷ϣ
Ҷ˾æµʼϯҶҲ˳һ̧ͷ˿еǶ÷΢΢һ֮÷ɽ⣬мĳ÷ɽ˵ͷ
ȻҶҵѾָεѩ裬ܲ鷳ȥһ磿
Ҷֻһã̫СҶԶ޺Ҷֻѩˡ
Ȼѩ֮⣬ʵиӺʵѡԭȾŵĳ£
ǾŻǳµĸףүүҶ¼޸Ҷ飬Ҷܾˡ
ȻʼסҶңҶȴҲĻرټҶĵλԽԽߣ˺ܸɴľ;ͷ
ģҲͨˣҶĸҲˣֻǽɸҶĻ£ﻹе㲻ҶҲȥĪ硣
ҶɸԼѩȻܣ̾ȥĪˡ
ڣҶҵɽ֮а˳ǧӣֻҪҶҵˣ˭ֻҪҵģôȱϲƣ
ڼǰݷǺҶľǣѾ֪ҶҶүҪ飬ټϸղʱĿ׳۵ӭ׶飬ԺܶѾȺӵɽ֮Ⱥš
ȿ֮˾ְ֮ľҶҶֵܣõҶԪʾ̳֮ɤźλǣǣҶҶĻʽʼλϯˣ


830 
͵Ⱥɽ֮Ⱥ˽̾Ҷҵļ˸쵽ʵλ¡
ЩμӻˣҶͷųȥҪ׼κϣܹո֣ϲա
Ŀ˳λİŲûʲôǰһŸϼ֮⣬
ҶҶԪʼǲͬģΪλ˳ŵĲõĻôܻܿˡ
ҶȴЩ飬ȻԸˣôͶѣ˵ˣûλվųԷҲԲκģ
ҶվڹȿڿҶݷǵĿǲϵɽ̲סֹôЩһûأѵ˵ô𣿡
һҶĿ˽ȥ֮Ҷ۾ȻһһȺЦݵ˹
ǰľǴȺڵ˳ԴӰҶý֮иϻشȺڣ׼˺ڲŹ
󣬾ȫǽӵҶˡ
ЩȻҶѣǱϾҲҪݣԸЩͨǼһԸɴȵЩ˶ȥ֮ǲŸų֡
⣬ȻҲֶܿÿ˶˺
ҶǶ¾ʽʼԼ˾ǵĹ
Ⱥڴ˳Яλϣλ
Яλӵ
ȸ۹ɽׯׯʨɽɽħ
ÿҶһ֣˵ﶼصһЩֵˣһȸ½쵱ǵħʮһڵִţߡ
ƽʱ˵ˣһܹȻڣǾȻȫμҶĻ񣬿֪Ҷȸ½ϵĵλˣ
սʱͶҪֵˣŮˣǷ򸴺󰡣
Щһ߽ɽȣҶ͸סүүǿ첽ȥӭÿ˶ЦտĶҶ˹ֵϲϲ
ҶڼţºԪ·ɵ
·ɺͰʦ
ǲ£μϲ£ȻҲ׷׼٣Ǹһ⡣
Щ֪ҶͰ֮ϵ˵ⶼ֮е飡
κ˲Ҳ϶
ڿ౯ʦҶǰ΢΢һЦ˫ֺʲҶ֣ϲ
ʦǿ
æùǣԱͿˣ
ҶȻĺţЯ׿嵽
֣Ҷ̲ס΢΢һôˣ
ڵشϽҶɸɽ֮ǰΪ򱧲ƽ׿ΪѣֱһͣĹϵֻ˵һ㣬Ըûи
۹һתϵ¼æ˹ˣҺͽһǾʶʱ䣬иҪ飬
ҶЦŵû£ˣ˸ˡ
˵֮ҶȥŽһ׿ЦŵӭӭλʵˣôԶȻ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬽һʹҶ˽֮𾪲ѣȻҪܵĺùϵǲ
˼֮ҶԴȥλǸ˵ӣڽһﶼеƮƮȻˡ
ȻҲħʮ֮һǸǱɾͲԶˣνҶĻ磬ȴ
ȻڼţղЩĿҪСĶˣīżңٺңƸһ޶߳ˣҶľȻһٴθߺҶͽƺ
Ҷ飬ΪҶΨһĽҶȻҪϻˣǷһģиƺĸ׸߲ҶʱûΪҶˡ
ڣҶų߲֮࣬ȴҲ亹ܣҿҶ飬ȻԼ߼ҶǲѴ֮
ĻñѾϲҶҸϲϼϲ
ҲûпˣȻ˶ˣôȻҪʼʽʼˣ׼õƼȣһһ
ǰϲһĻҶƷɺȻͷĨĨ۾ҶһĻʵôˣ
ûʲôҪڵĻǸöã
һ仰ҶĬˣȻԼĸףԼûжٵĸ飬֪ĸ׵ʵ֮ԼҲʼյš
ģҿ϶Ὣӻġ
ϲӣ˵Щ˵£ȥſڿûпˣûĻС°ɣ
ȻʱҶȴٴ𣬶еͰ͵ĵԭԭֱ֣ʹߣԶ


831 ֮
Զ
һҪҶ֣ͻȻȴԼֵ֪ĸͬʱһ̾ʮվҶһֱɽȵڴ
Զŵӵš־Ϊ˶ԸҶϧ޵ҲģڷϿǵ֮Уͺ󵹸꣬תìͷɣõͱɱȴߡ
뿪֮Ⱥ֮˺ںţԶʹĶԶ߸߷ɡ
Ѿȥ˼꣬ԶҲҪǵļ䣬Ȼû뵽ȻҶĵ֣һӵݣʹߣ
ڴ󲿷˵֪ǸʲôڣǶҶڶĴȺ˵ȴĿǵΪǵ̰ŮǱץˣ
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ԼѾΪҶӣʲôأ
˵ҶղҲ˵ˣ˵ҸŸոտʼպеʱ䣬ֺαؼһʱ
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߹ҶˣԶͺع˵ûˣֻ۾ˡ
ҶעǶˣȻӻͳһӿ룬̸ֳ֮һе֣ϸһǶһ
˶ǲĿЩϤİ֣Ҷʲô˼
Լ涼ҵĳ˵֣ÿɱһ֮󣬾ͻὫϴһ档
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ҶⷬΪƽĻȴ÷Զͺعðһ亹
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ڷԶͺع棬ΨһϣľܹԶҶԽԶԽãԶҪټҶ
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ӱˮ΢츮ԼսĹǰӹȣ˵
Ҷӱˮ֮⣬˸޷Զⷬ˼Ҷ֮˫΢΢һ˷ԶϣȴǷɿתͷ
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Ϊүүǣ֪壬ҶҲҪ
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Ȼƽǲܼʱȥ㲻֮ǰӹȵĻǾͲܱ֤ˡԶʱ̲ԼİΣ
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仰һ˵꣬Զͺعɫʱ䣬һۺ󣬷ԶæҶ붼ȥһҲУ
ҶȻԶ˵̫ԼˣҾͲţܱȵùҪ֣ˮɱ˷Զع֣ȥ


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긫жȻһ⣬һɫ޻סҶȻâҶڵëףٿȻ֮С
ŽŵעҶǸﲻһæȫҪҶԼܷû긫ĽϵѹסЩ磬еĻҶͻʱû£еĻҶܻܿ


840 Ĺʯ
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ڿǿסΣ˵棬˫Բٴο˹ʯȴҲûеǰȥˡ
Ī磬ŵô˸ֱӶ㵽ҶıΪŮ˵ֹҪӵη塣
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ҶŶһۺſڵ˵ĺеֻĿǰʵ۽磬޷֪е࣬ĵӦ֪ɣϾǲóĳǣʯͷҲǷõġ
ҲԣҶͷǾ͵ȵ˱ӹ֮ĵʸװɣ
˵䣬ǿʹʯٴγҶڣһĻ̲סѵܣòҪڣһ
ŵĻû˵꣬Ҷȴ֪ǵһһʯеʯӶ˺ԼԼڻиҶʭӶ˲
һעģʱȥˡҶһĪ磬ȻѾӦʲô¶ˣôҽҪһ£֮õģҲú£Ϊڣ
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Ҷ˫ĿƽעĪ磬ĪʲôķӦܹܣȻеǣĪھƬ֮ɫȻԵñҪƽĵˣҶܣģҲģҲ£Ϊڣ
Īıˣóϵļǿ¸ңҶǶ¶οЦݣҶŵңһҵƽ֮İ취ģ
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Ҷתŵ磬˵ٻ𣿡
ɫĵҲҿ϶Ҳ²Ӧû´ʱӦñһεҪ󣡡
ҶȴԵúĵȻܻһΣôҾܹΣΣ
Ҷļĵˣ׼ʲôʱǰӹȣ
仰ֹҶһ˼ΪҶҵһʵ֮غҾ׼ˣ


842 Ϊ
ҶҪÿһҶҵ˶ǿҪ൱һʱ䣬ǧ֮ãҶҪŬʱ䣬ôΨһİ취ΪҶһ̫ͬɽͬȺɽĵطþҶ򸽽ϾҶҵĸ֮ڡ
ҶѾҹһʱ䣬ȴûҵ˼ɭ֮УҲû̫ĵط
ȻҶ뷨֮ȴǷЦԭС°ܼ򵥰
Ҷ۾ʱһ磬ҵ
ҡҡͷҲǿԼһҶҳ
Լ죿Ҷ΢΢һ龧ʯ
·
ؼ֮أԷΪ֣һȻγɣ̫ɽȺɽЩԭ˼ĵطһ־Ϊġ
޴ڵģֻΪͬĶҲͬǿһЩ취ΪĽվۼĳطӶһ֮ء
˵ҶĪ˵δţŵĹ磬磬ȴǺܳ顣
ķҲ̫ѣؼһҪд飬ֻˣҲޣ
ںܶ˿ۼԽ࣬ôƬڵͻԽ٣Ϊÿ˶ҪȻԽԽˣǣʵȴ෴
Ȼγɵ֮أȷΪ˼Ϊ֮أȴҪܶ顣
ҶĪԶһͷˮӣЦŽ͵еĸĿģΪ̽Ѱ׷Ѱ˺һһֹ̣ʼʱʵѾΪһ֣˺һĲ
ѭϢȻôͬʱڵҲͷţӶһܶʼϢѭ
ⷬ˵꣬ҶĪ綼ǻȻ˻˼Ҷйܶ˺һľ飬Ը
Ϊһʱ㣬ôͬʱڵҲᷴ
Ȼ˴ﲻ磬˵̤еĵһѾΪһ֡
һͷų޵ģԽ࣬ôͷųҲԽ࣬Щ˾ۼĵطͻΪһ֮ء
ŽŵȻҲе㳤ԻҪϵܹۼ·
Ҷ۾һ磬ܹۼ·
·ҶİӴ·ֳֻ³ֹһǿ̻ƣһ־ǴԽա
Ȼ·ޱȣҲ廨ţۼϡ棬ܹ̻绽꣬ɽϺ·ǲŽأ
绽ܹ꣬ʩչϵˮϵӦҲɣҶʵ
˵ĺ绽ķΧҲܸȸ½ϵˮϵܹ𣿡
Ҷͷҡͬ˹һ
ˣ˵ˣƻûָϽϢĻҾΪҶҿ̻ܹۼ·
磬һҪҰ
ģٲģ
ŴЦ뿪ĪǱҶϽˣԼȥʰϸղˤ
ʵ飬ȫȥĪ粻ŵĴС㡣
ĪڵʰıӰҶ¶ҸЦݣı۾
ڶɫ֮ҶڵѾȬҶҵĹأĪүү׵˾裬Ȼʱķеķ£деĿˡ
ֱϣ½еĿ֮ҶĻ˳ԲĽˡ
ӭȢĪ֮⣬ⳡϷ飬ҲҶΪȸ½֮е֮ĵһ֣
ȻĪ¼Ҳһμѻȸ½֮˿
һУĿǰҶǺ֪飬ΪվҶҵϿգӸµĸҶң׼ֿ̻ܹۼ·
ҶţȻ˽һй·飬ҲģϸΪҶָţܣҵļо仰鳾֮£ΪϣΪֻ鳾ܹ·һ·ܹʩչĻĸһȡ
ʵ仰ҶİΪü汾ǳ£ΪϣȻǳ£Ϊϣֱ鳾¡
֮еļ󾳽֮Уÿһ󾳽˶еߣǱżΪӵ̬ȡ
̬ȣҶȥᣬǶ˵ֻ鳾·е㲻磬ʵҲסһЩ·


843 Է
ҶĻŲüͷȤĿҶҲס·㻭ҿ
Ҷȷǵ·ս΢츮ʱ򣬾Ŀ츮ΧӴ·ҲŬļΪ뷨ϣܹ̻ҶҵĸӶҶҡ
ȻԼҶҲͲˣָ̧˿С
һ֧ʱȥ
ҶָȻͣڿУ˿ԴѾ˺飬ΪȻ֣ԼȻ޷ЩѾԼԺ֮е·
ʶ
һĪֵԼָ޷򵥵ƶ
һĻŲЦ˰ɣ·Ǽ򵥵ͼλ߷ţҲ·Ӿ׿̻ģһһֺͨںϵľ磡
ͬһÿ˵򶼻᲻ͬÿ̻ܿ·ҲǸͬģ
ʵҶǳŵĻейҲ̲סʵ磬Ϊʲôֻе鳾·أ
Ӧ֪֮ߵı仯ɣ
֪ٽֻǽ֮Ҫ뵽ԼĳͷСҶش鳾Ҳ֪ҪԼ
Щǵ÷ɽҶġ
ĵͷؿʼҪΪ鳾׼Ϊֻо߱ӦԣóγɷֻдγɵԼĺϣп·
Ҷ˼ŵⷬȻԾɻҡҡͷ磬ܶ߶ֻһԣǸӷ˵ΪˣӦñȷҪܸõ԰ɣ
˵Ǵԣ鳾γɵķ֮⣬֪ϻֻӵһԵĶ˵ˣ˵ΪӵģΪΪַ֮𣬷ˮ
˵꣬ҶѾˣΪҩʦٵҩ飬жϸĲ֮иԡ
ȷ˵Ϊӣ
ΪҶףŵ֮ϺȻһͬĲŷѳһţ
ǸţҶ̸оһɳʪϢԼˮ
ҾŸеһȫˮ۶ɣ
һ壬ֳһţҶϢȴǳ˺زɣȻԣ
Ҷȫ˺νԣֵ鳾ķڵ⣬ȫĳֵһ۶ɣ
ѹֻе鳾·
ҡԼŵܣұֻӵԣ۳ľŸҲֻԣ㲻ͬپԣܽÿԶ۳һĻҶ޷ʱ㽫ǿʲôزˣ
ҶصһŵⷬĴ̼ȷԼܹͬʱӵоԵ˼ΪܹÿԶ۳һ
ˮϵҶϵҶϵҶ
Ǹ棬ҶѪڣڴ
ˣҾͿʼ̻·ˣһԿžУ
ҶæԼ˼ۿ
Ȼ˵̻·ѾǴﵽ˵Ӧֵĵزκ׼
Ҷλɽ佫ۼҶ֮ڣ罫ۼɽ֮У·̻ɽȵλüɣ
˵䣬Ѿ׶˫ͬʱʼջĻɲ֮䣬ʮָεѸٵ֮гһ·ɢʹâ
۳ɵ·һͼΪҶվľ̫һʱ֮޷⵽ʲôͼ
·Ŀ̻Ȼ֣һ֮ȶǸͼȻ׹䡣
ﬣ
ֻһƵ·̻ͼȻͬһӡһǶ뵽·ɽȵ֮
ʱҶҲڿˣɢ貹⻪ͼȻһġ֣ۡ
򵥵һ֣ȴɢһޱߵƣƣҶİΪܹҪǿĶĶƵĳ
΢дµս
ԭЩս֣Ҳͬ·ɣֻǰ֣ЩԵҪСĶ̺֮࣬ȴҪǿĶࡣ
ϾʵĲ࣬ǿҲ֮£΢Ĵܡ
˼֮䣬ҶȻ̧ӿͬޱ˳һ⼤ָͣڿ֮󣬺Ȼĺ˳ȥ
ڴԼţȻ̧ͷ֮Уһġһ֣Ҷָƶ֣


844 侪
ҶָϾǳһȻֻǼ򵥵һһ֣ȴдüΪ
дˡһ֮ҶָƶƺǻҪдȥָȴʼҵĲǲܿһɢ
ԿҶǼΪʹ࣬ȴͣԼŬҪд
ŶȻһ𣺡ܣ
ϣҶ˴˸Ǵجѹһ㣬˫֮⣬ֱſǸġһ֣
ЦĿҶû뵽㾹Ȼֵܹ
ֵ
ǵģܹ̻·ʱ򵥵ķǽ·̻֣ÿһд֣̺ϵ߾ܹﵽ侪ֳ꣬ĵزܣһѾ߳ˣ
侪ֳ꣬
仰Ҷ𺳣ĬĬעһ֣ȴһֵĵһʱʻ
Ҳڷ֣Լ޷̻ԼסЩ·Լ޷սϵָд
ղдǸ֣ʹ֮£ȻҪսдϧʹȫҲֻдһʱʻѡ
ҶǵûźȴǳڴΪһģͷƺֻҪԼܹսĹдôǸʱԼʵͻһ¥
Ҷ·ȥ·۶ɵǸۡѾʧ١
һܸ֮ܵˣ
һ֮ҶȻоҶڵɽ֮УԿʼľۼűǰҪĶ
Ǹۡ־һɢĺڶؼԴԴϵչ
ֻҪٱ֤ҶԽԽ࣬ôò˶ãɽȾܳΪ֮ء
ΪҶ׷ģɽ·ĸ֣ǽ֮ȻȲ΢˵Ľǿ󣬵ҲͬС
ΪֹҶңҶѾһˣôҪ뿪ʱˡ
Ҷûи˵ԼҪߵ飬ǴĪ磬ûһס졣
ûûбչأе飬һһԼļˣ顣
Ϊ֪һԼ뿪֮󣬻Ҫòܻûпٻ
ԣ뿪֮ǰҪͬСʱһúõˡ
ͬʱҲԼӷɸɽõЩԵĳ΢츮֮УĹѡһ֣ҶңֻҶԪһ֪
ЩޱȵĶڵҶ˵ȫк棬ȥܻҶҴҪ鷳
һ棬ҶҲĵָԼǵڵľ۽磬Ƕĸ򣬾һָ㣬޲éٿȻʡ
̶ʱ䣬ÿ˶нϴĽҶƷɸǴӡ뵽˾صС
ȻҶҲûԼͽɣ˵ĺˣӵǿ޿ɱʵĺӡ
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ʦĻԵޱȵļΪֱţʦȻὫôҪ񽻸Լʦң
ҶЦŵ϶ܹıκˣҶҪã
ݸһССĽָҶΪѡõĳս龧ʯ
ɽӹָ֣Ҷ¶ϣ֮ɫʦʲôʱܽҴߣ
ɣɣľﵽʱҾ뿪Ҷңȥľﵽ鳾ôҾͻߣòã
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ҶοĿԼͽܣţһӦò̫þܵˡ
Ҷ׼뿪ǰһϣսȻǰҲһģһˣʦο¡
ο£ҶæǰһҾ׵֣˼Ҹһһֱûʱúллأлˣ
οŵֵҶǰ̫ˣлл
Ҷ֣µֱ֮ӵŽֹңʲô𣿡
սͷο²㸸ףҲ磬ұҪΪͽģǵĹû˿ϵҪʦ£ֻܴˣ
£
Ҷ΢΢һ֮󣬲ЦãҾͰһ£Ǽһ൱ĸ߰ԸԸΪͽҲҴƱ


845 Ѫ
ԭˣҶڣΪǲսοΪͽģȻŽο´˼֮ȴʮָɴĵͷԵΪͽ
ο¼ԼĶ䣬÷ʥӾȻĻʹľʹӦԼͽܣһʱ֮ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
Ҷȴĵķһƶ˵ϣʱο²γѰ㼱æŰİȥӽο°ݼʦ
ĵͷɣ
οվ޴վҶʲôʱ
죡
ãο£Ҿʹ㹦֮ʹҶ
˵֮󣬰ʹŽοת뿪սҲڿҶˣ
ǵģֻʣˣ
ս̾˿ȥɣҲûʲôģԼĵ㣬õ㣬Һʹ˵ˣҶҲˣ㲻õҶҡ
л֪ˣ
սƺ˵ʲôǻȴһŨŨ̾Ϣת뿪ˡ
վԭأҶ̧ͷſ¹⣬Ҳǳ³һȻתŸ׵סȥ
˸׵֮⣬Ҳ֪йĸ׵飬Ǽ
ҶĵҶƷû˿⣬ǲҸģ
֪Ī
Ҿˣ˵˳㣬Ҳ飬ʱʱû˵ʲôرĻ
ҶеҶƷе˼֮ȻٴαĬĬĽӹĸŵʱ򣬵ȷ˵һ仰Ҳ֪㲻ر˵֧Ѫ㳤˽㣬ʱ򣬾ͨѪ
ʱҸ˵ĻҲûзϣ֮ȻʼռŵģϾǸкʵǲӣټҲûκӡҾûи㣬Ǹ磬ʵ͸Ҳûʲô𡣡
䲢ûбҶƷɷϵĻҶ֮ȴ˳˼ĸⷬضģΪĸѵ벻Լôܻ֧ĵأ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷ뵽ʲô֧Ѫ
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ҶһѾͽеѪ˹Լָ֮ðһѪȻѪεѪ֮ϣ
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ֻҶѪ䵽Ѫ֮󣬾Ȼǵˮһ뵽ѪڲʱѪɢһĺ⣬ͬһ㡣
Ӷ˵ĺסˡ
֮УѪ֮һ㵭ĺɫаߣ֮Уһ͸ӰȻ֣
ķ٣Ҷϸüˮ۾ֻڳ˵ĺɫͫʣȻ۳һŴӺʵ΢΢𣬹ճһżֵƤ΢Цƽ˼鶯
졭
ҶƷɵĿв³֣վҪӰ
ȻҶĸף죡

¶Լĸûи飬ûӡ󣬵ѪŨˮ֮£ҶҲ鲻Խĺ
ȻȦ죬۾֮Ѫɫᣬſͣͬˮһ븸Ӷ˵㿴ʱӦѾˣԲﲻ㳤󣬵ţ۰Բ¼κһλĸס
̧˲۾¶ЦݵǸ󱿵ӦҲйˣӦ˰ɣתһѪҵӰûиܶԲѪ֮ˣ޷ѪеĽƣֻ㣬֮ѪѪҺֻѪܿơ
Ҹ˵ʵ飬ҵȡѪѪҲŲ˺㣬һѪҲУ
仰Ҷ̵ᵽԼ΢۰Ϊ˲Լܵ˺Ըõʮ˼֮ࡣ
ΪޣӰʱ䲻̫ãֻ㣬ֻѪܹռ֮ţͨѪճгһգӵ㹻ǿʵֻҪѪѪ֮УѪ磡
ţһܹģѪ㣬ȻлĻһȥģҸ˵ĺ㣬ֿһһ룬롭
˵ӰȻһҡΣűը˿ǹ⣬Ѫ֮С

ҶصĹ˵ϣѾʧĿ˳˼ĺ


846 ǰӹ
ѵͱ֮УȻ»״̬ҶĪ磬һ˵һε뿪Ҷң̤ǰӹȵĵ·
Ϊһε̫࣬˼ֻޣĪ绹޷УȻǳʱǰ
ڵһνʱ˵ǳ˺;ηҲǴһ˿羴֮ģΪ˵ܹΪʵˣʵ˾ֻʣһ֮ңʵҲǱҪǿѩǰԼҲֻ
Ȼ˵ĿĵǱӹȣҶǰмطҪȥ˲֪ƯŵķҶ֮⣬ʣµطһǻ鵺һ溣ţ
鵺ǻ紴֮һҶͻ鵺ĵӽԼҪһ棬溣ŵ˵ȥҹҶҲʸ֪Ĵڵġ
Щⶼ֮ҶҲ;뿪磬Ȼ⻹Ǻ󻰣ܷƽδ֪
ҪȥĵطȻǱӹȣûоȳүүˣҶҲûȥ¡
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µʱ䣬˵˵̲̣ȻҲôŵȴÿ˶Ҫץʱ
ڴ֮ǰҶټһ𣬽Լ֪йĵϸ˵˳κܿǸ־˵öԸؼʮλһλܵһλ֮ʮһ˵ʵɲ⡣
㿴ܲʲô취ϾӲӲĻǿ²Ƕ֡
ҶӣħޣţǿҲֻܶԸһˣƾһǻѪӲĻҶǸûʤ㡣
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ҲԣǾ͸ȿ쿿ӹȵʱٿܷǵ״˵
Ҳֻˣ˱ɢĪȻҶ֮⣬ŶҸطȥˡ
ȵ˶뿪֮ҶĪ磬ԶطҪĶ࣬ҲǺô࣬Ҳúһ°ɣ
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Īϥ£ܿ뵽붨״̬ҶҲĪߣҿĽʹʯ֮յͨͷųȻĽĪ
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һ֮ҶԼȴûϿʼȡŵѪĦš
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ţܹռ֮ŵʱһһǰѪȥ⹫ôԣҲҪȳȻؼң
ĬĬ߶һ֮ҶѪպãű۾ʼ
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ȻδڣҶȻѾ֪ԼĵҶĵվƿ˳ȥ
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˵ͷԶȥֱȷᾪŵĪ֮󣬲ͣҶòҴŽοȥɣ
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847 
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Ҷ飬̲ס¶Цݣ˵ͷǱҸἰĹ顣
Ҷ껹û֮ǰԼҶûһͷǰȴͻȻ֣Ҷھһ飬ǿһЩѨλϢϢء
֮ҶͶǱȤΪпħ죬Ҿ㲻ˣҲȻһѨλоˣһֱҪ
Ǳھ¼ΪҶǰȥ£ӴĻûпܡ
ȻҶȻⱾ˳Ⱦϲĵôˣ౯ʦͬ𣿡
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͵
ҶӲۿ
ȻҶԼǷڵӣô֪֮мɻ͵ΪʥӵİȻɣ˵൱صˡ
ƺҶ뷨æ͵ʵҲ͵ΪҴӲнóʱ򣬱صĳϿҲû˵ʲô
ʵıû˿ôΪʥӣ˵ӲñˣǽգҲû˸˵ʲô
ҶȴǸжװʷڽɣΪԼⱾ顣
ʱѾһķεĺӵݵҶǰǱ飬㿴ʱСһ㡣
ҶֽӹŰһҾ֪лˣ
΢΢һЦֺʮһɣʲôĵطʱңҲĲ̫ࡣ
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Ҷе֣עܿͱеĹɴڵϣеĺӡ
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ˣŻ͵ҶӶڻԼеĽ٣Ľ⿪һ̣ٻѾõҲɹĳõ
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Ѩ֮֮ͬѨλѨλ֮Ѩλ֮̽Ѩλ֮Ѩλ֮ѨλӶﵽӦһ֮
ⱾԺ͡ѪսżĹϵ
Ҷ̾ͳд֮УΪֱΪġѪսһע⣡
ڡѪսĹȻ棬ΪûϸΪҶָ㣬ֻħҶͨѨʱ¼仰ҶԼмȻҲֹò͵ɻ
ȻⱾصݣȴǽҶгֵĴ󲿷ֵɻ󣬶ҶԿ϶ⱾĻôԼɻû׼ܵõֻͣǺܿϧⱾǲȱģȱٵĵط٣
Ҷ㽫Ǽҳֽ˲ʮֱ֮ȷԼдÿ̷ֶ֮ɱҵ˰
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ͷʦ²⣬ΪⱾ֮صݣʹͳ֮ȫͬԱΪ࣬˾ΪԺͳĵֿ
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ÿ˶ⱾͲֻͬԼ뷨¼ôҪֵ൱С
ЩⲻҶܹܵ˵ģڸĵⱾȱٵһ֡


848 
Ҷ⣬Ƭ̵ӦһΪ֮У
磿
ֻǾ˵Ҳ޷϶ôⱾ飬ջ񣿡
Ҷ˷ܵĵֹջ񣬼ֱջ̫ˣ黹㣬ȥչأӦûиջģлл㣬
ĺӵݻ˰֮ҶתҴ뿪ôɻ˺ĽͣҶȲҪһ£

ӹȣʵһޱȣֻͬһɽһ泣걻ѩǣһӹᴩУʶ
ԭֻһĵ̣Ҳ޲ľ࣬Ǽ֮ǰͻȻ˰޴ޱȵĹʻУһλУһԲεΰֺĳǳء
Ȼĳеİ˵ѾҶյ˵֮С
ʱ˿̣λе֮УźѹѹһȺˣǵǰϣȴǹһһֱֻ۵ˣǴҶҹĺع档
׵һλɣߣɫȻĵǶˣҶǿޱȣҲŲٸޣ˸ǵһλᣬܵõҪĶҲֻ·һαҪҶ죡
ܵĿһɨˣһʼն۾ϵع㣬ݺع˵Ǹţͷ˵ʵǿ鷳Ըˣ
ٿȻۣоȻת

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ˣԼҪ뿪סҶﱣĪأ


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ѪϿվȻܹһɫˮ̶ˮ̶ʲôأ
Ҷɻʱ򣬺ȻѪ֮˳һɫľӿ˿Ǹɫˮ̶

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ɫˮʧһ̣ҶͻȻоһɾ޴ԼԼû˿ĵֿ֮Ʈ˿УǸɫˮ̶
ʱҶ׹ˣղŴѪгĺɫˮѪԼĹˮ̶зųǿдѪߵġ
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Ҷڽ뵽˺ɫˮ̶֮кٶһڰ֮У͸ղȣǵûκεηֻţһ͵ĸо
ܿԼָоںδˣΪѾԼü֮ȻӿһεεѪεѪ۳һϸȻ󻺻˳ȥ
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ڵȥˣ˯һ㣬ʱѹ
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Ȼָľʶ֮УˮʼϪˮĲӿ
ģʶʶҲָ̻ǵʶָһ̣˸о
ܸоһ˿˿ǿĳԼ壬ԼѪƤ֮вϵߣߴһǰδеĻΪƺԼڵĳЩĳ˳ȥ
ԼһװۻƤң˶ˮ֮УˮһһĳƤңƤеණȫ˳ȥӶƤұüΪĸɾ
ҶΪԼʱðͷеһ˿ЦԼȻܽԼһƤҡ
ԣ
ʶѣҶȻ׹ⲢԼ󣬶ʵ
ͬඥһ㣬ڳ׵˹
Ǹɫˮ̶ʲôˮ̶Ѩ
ԼÿͨһѨλһ˿ѨѨ˿Ѩ֮󣬾ܴѪ֮ͨ
Ȼ֪ѨĴڣҶûȥעûʲôá
ȴۼˣѹôһСˮ̶ȻܹԼһԴ󺣵ĸо
ѨһƬҲһͨѪ֮䣬ѪԼ塣
ղѨͻȻ֣Ϊ˴Ѫ֮ѪˮȻͨԼ꣬ԼѾɿݵ֮С
ЩѪˮ·֪ƣģһһĳˢҶ壬ڵණˢȥ
ʶȫָҶԼ֮⣬ĻһľʹʶȻԼѪˣԼȻ޾磬Ȼײ˺Լ塣
ЩҶ֪Լûа취ĸ
ıԴѵûа취𣿡
ͬʱΧҶߵЩˣȴĿҶϵë֮ðһɹɺɫŵ̱ǵζ
ڣҶһ˿ۻ඼֮֮ͻȻѪ⣬иոӿѪ
ѪǺХһ㣬ӿŭ˷죬۳һɼΪǿƣֱҶԺ
䣬䣬䣡
ͬһ޴ޱȵشںݺݵײҶԺ޴ʹͬʱ޷Ƶ˻

˻ȻһˣΧҶߵȫƷ˳ȥ
ۼֿ죬ֱһӿסĪ壬ˣĪҲһֱɳȥʮ׵ľ롣
˶ݺݵˤ˵ϣÿȴоʹŵǾ޴˷ܡ
ɲǼ䣬˿Ҷ֮ңİһ㣬ƺ֮
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˷֮УȻо󣬵Ҷͷڿн֯һؼĵ
磬Ҷôˣ
Īʵǰ಻סĵĽţ̲סŷʡ
ŵȴͬɻɫΪҲ֪Ҷôˣղ˻֤Ǹ֮󣬾Ȼ˴̣ȫ޷͡
ǶҶΪ˽ĺǣȴϴһ˿Ц𾪵û´ĻҶʵֽм
Ϊʲô
˵Ŀȫ˺ǵϣΪʲô˵Ĳ²⡣
ӭ˵Ŀ⣬ͣѩ衢硢ˮϵǣѵûоҶƵʹ𣿡
˳һɨֻޣзӦ磬ѿڶѵҲдм䣿
м䣬ԼżΪǿĴڣǻὫԼĹսյһжͨѪеķԼĺ
ǵÿһлѣֻмǸûܹЩϵļ䡣
мΪǾǻʵĴУѩѩʵĴУˮӵĴеȵȡ
Ѵмʮϡ٣ʷ϶ûгֹȻҲдм䣬˵ĺˡ
ˣ˶˺ǻ˼֮һʱ֮ȴ˭޷ţҶȻҲӵдм䡣
Ҳȷĵֻǲ²⣬ΪھѼʱҲʹ˻𣬲ҿûôĶ
ȷҶڵĶʵ̫ˣϷǳһ磬һѪ⽻֯羪׺ķ磡
ôҶ֮أ
ҶԼԺ֮дˡ䡱һ죬ԴͻȻըһȴһʵĹ⣬ĸˣ


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ѪΪǩԼѪ֮֮ܣ
һϵȴϵʵĹд˳ʼղϵظһ仰
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ҶȻסˣԼĸѪ壬ԼȻҲǰѪ壬ô˵Ļ
м䣡
ҶҲˣĳλѪǿߣҲһдеѪ֮УĺԼѪҺ֮ΪѪѪŴмҲԼ벻ǣԼȻμ䣡
ѪΪǩԼ
Ҷ˫Ȼһֱֱ
Ҷ
Ҷڳ׵ĸ˹޲˷ܵĽгȻҶȴǸûһˣһ˺Լϱò·ֻڱһ̿㣬ͬʱҧԼָպԼѪԼϷɿƶ
ǡ
ŵ۾ȻֱˣҶԼѪдģȻһ·
Ҷǰдֿ֮ʼԼֱддҧָͷұдɴ˫ͬʱԼ֮д
Ƭ֮䣬ҶϾѾѪɫ·ǣŵüͷΪѾҶд·һ֣
ʱҶֹͣдڵأ촽ٵ䶯ƺ˵ʲô
ͻȻҶ̧ĳԼؿȥ
飡
֮ϵ·ʱŹâ˶֣Ϊâڿ۳һġ֣
һ֮Ҷһ㣬ڵϵԵȥ
Ī絣Ҷˤڵϻ£æȥŷӦҲŴһãģ
δ䣬Ī˫ѾסҶûκε鷢
Ҷڵ羹Ȼûˣ
գ۾ĦԼ°ͣ˼Ҷϵ׷ʲôһεĽЩԴѹסˣǡأ
ڴ֮ǰǼıԴΪѵϵܱգۿˣѪҺ˵ҶȻܹôΪʲôԴͲܱأ
ҲΧ뿪ѯʣĪȴͻȻʳָԼ촽ߵ꣬˯ˣ
ȻҶĪĻ˯֮С
ȴҲûһ˿뿪ǼȴҶѹǱҪȷҶĸˣһǸϤҶܳ׵ķ
Ī§ҶʧõϲԼ΢һɣҶͻٴԼȥ
Ҷһ˯һʱ䣬˸۾ԼϵʮĿ֮϶ʱ¶Цݡ
ǶΧҸʲô
仰Ǹҹģڳ׵ԭ
ҶȷˣһǸϤҶ
ԭǵжɻҶ˯Ĺ̵Уһ޲һƽҶѣȻ׷ʲôڿҶ˹ÿȴˡ
ҶţѾ㹻ˣ
վҶ΢΢һЦӹټ
仰֮󣬰ת뿪û˿ԥıӰ˴Ĵָպĳɾ;Բڴ֮£
˰Ŀͷ˳÷ɽˮѩ򸾶뿪ֻʣºǣźĪ硣
ǶҶֻһ⣬Ϊʲôдм䣿
ҶЦеĵΪѪĺҾѵľѪĴм䡣
ˣ
Ҳˣſ˿ǰСڣЦҡҡͷһ߰ɣ
ڣе˶뿪ˣֻʣҶĪˣԶӡ
Ҷʹ֣ĦĪǶ˵գһ޷ƵдӿҶĪȥ
Ī΢΢Ĳţյ˫֮ȴҸᡣ

ʱһΣһµʱȥˣݵͼǰ͵ӹˣΪʵ̫ۣ԰˳Ľ飬˴￪ʼ뿪ĳ˷йǰӹȡ
Ϊеľʦ˳ĽȻû˻ܾһʮһ˱뿪˱ҲûгͨߣֱУűӹȵķȥ
еĹ̵УҶ§Ī磬˵Ц֪ˣ϶ΪȥԶ棬벻ʵ׼̶Ѩ
˵鿴ǼãԴҶ֮Ǿ͸Աչأֱأ̵УڣûѯʹҶй֮飬ȻҲû֪ҶʵΡ
֪ǲ棬ҲҲܼʶҶ֮ʵˣ
ӹѾңң


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ȻӹȻа֮ңǳĪ֮⣬˶ѾܹԶԶסСԶͣΣȴҶһֱӲƶƲߡ
Ҷû˵˰֮ӹȣ˫֮кȻ͸Ľ⣬Լе˸
ע⵽Ҷ۾ţ÷ɽͰ¶֮ɫԼͬľĿ磡
Ŀ磬ʵҲһսֻʧѾܾãþܹ˵ﵽһߵľ磬Һͷڵ֮ͬ£ܹǰʱͿռơ
ҶȻǵĻȴţΪ֪Ŀ˼ֻԼȷ˺ܴߡ
ֻҪԼ뿴ô֮һֻĴԼܿ
Ƭ֮ҶڽԼ˵˳ȫѩǣû˿ֻаųԲΣΧмһʮƽͣмһ֮⣬طƶûвá
˳ŵӦþǵĳǣû뵽ᵽˣһһȻҪĵŵĻм֮кܾܿͲǡ
Ȼˮӣ˸ǵŵͬϢΪ΢
£
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˳ָűӹȵĿܹˮ𣿰ڵĻӦþںˮ֮Упܱ
Ҷٴȥгָܼžĵ⣬Ȼҡҡͷҿ˵ӦûΪûнƣˮ¾ȻнƣȻΪ˱µģǴˣ˵ĵǵ͵Ϯ
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ҶȴЦЦǵֹоˣӦʮΪҽһλѣ
Ҷ֮ϱĺ⣬ѪѾ˵ǰȻʵֻгأһӵ壬ʥޱټһԹʵΪǿҶһʩչ֮Ļж
Ҷܹʱð飬ѾǼֲˣк֮Ҷ̼򵥵Ľ˵һ飬΢΢һЦѾǰΪԹĳ׼ˡ
˳ŵȻǶһˣʵԾǵǿƶ˵ܲԣҵĽǴҲҪֿĵǵȵ˳֮Ż
˵˳ŵǰҲµûĻӦûԸ㣬û׼λ˺˵ĵһҪӦսԸ
üëһΪʲô
ΪҪ̵ʱڣȽ˫ƽ
˳ôһ˵̻Ȼˣû⣡
ʵǿסʱԽ˵ԽΣգʵŵȾסԷǿߣſԳʱ䣬ȽԷʵˡ
ˮǰҲòҪ֣ʵΪĶǰ£
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ʱĪȻҶ½ǵҶܣҪ㽫ͻرɣҸǣΪǵ׸
ҶЦҡҡͷһڱУֵȴζӵѰҴ㣬ҲãҲգǻһ𣡡
Īĵ˵ͷ§Ҷ
ˣϵݻһĵ˰ɣ
һȺ˼ǰ˱ӹȵϿգӸµĿȥϵιȻҶ˵һ޴ĹֻͬĹһ㣬ſڵϡ
ҶһԼ˳ȥĵλҶԼǰԼ
ҶֹȻˣȻˣһ𣬲ΪнƣԷκһ룬֮󣬼


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ƾҶĿȴҲ޷˵֮ˣǴĸĶ޷ֻˣ
ҶҲȥĵˆ£˳Ǵĸȥ
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Ҷ˵ͷһָ·Ĺʹɣ
һȺ˴ӿ䵽˹Ĵ̧֮ͷֻ֮ϸ֣ƽȵ
֣ЦһƽȣһƽȵҶ̽·Ǹ󱣳־롣
˵֮󣬲˻ӦѾ󲽣ŵ֮ȥıһͬ°Բ֡
ŸпĵССͣȻֶѾˣ治ʥӡ
磬Ƭ̹ѾڰңȻһƬƽ˾ҶİΣգæк˸ȥ
˶뵽˵֮ͻȻһȻ죬һشľʯѾ֮յʵʵ
󣬱µľʯһŭһƾһʯͷסǣ̫˰ɣ
˵УֱͻȻǣָԭΣһֻĺɫצݺݵ˾ʯ֮ϡ
ԭһʮ׳㣬ȻǻӳһֻצӣҲƴһצȥ˵ʯˣǽҲ϶Ҫҳһ
Ȼﬡһ죬Ľ֮УʯȻ𣬷Ӳı˳ȥ⡣
ʱԲˣ֮ɫʲôʯͷôӲ
Ҷ˫֮е˸žʯⲻͨʯͷԾĳֶѻ顣
˳ͷǵĿĺȷҪн޳ֻ˳Źȥ
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˼ǰ߳˰֮ǰİȻͣð貽⣬ǰȻһŵĺɫ
ŹһЦǹ
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ȻûȰüӦѾ߽˹֮УҶͻȻһã
Ҷɰŵһץŵ·
ꡱһ죬Ҷץһض˵ĲŵӰѾ뵽˹֮С
Ҷ˫֮еž죬ݺݵĽڵϵ֮оȻпռ֮ţѾ֪ʲôطȥˡ
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΢΢һٴαǣ󲽣Źۼ֮˹ȥ
֮Щ̿ٵɢȻʮη⣬ת֮䣬ѾӲıʮԶȻûпŵӰ
ոսƽȵ˵ӰӶûмʵǿžȻѾ䲻˵ͷʱóġ
˳߹ӣǶǵҲѾЩǰϵȥ֮еǿߣô϶иǣǵĿӦҪȫָһԸ
ʱȻûɢĹ֮ͻȻͬսһĺ֮ԼһЩϡŹֵ
ˡˡˣ
Ҷе˸ĶŹ֮е˺ܶСආ
֮УͻȻӰÿӰܶǹƣٶ޷壬ǵȴŸָڵ˳˹
շڼأ˾ʮƽȵƽִƴ֮װǴʮСЩȻԵ֮Уȫɹ۶ɵĹˣע⣬ǧҪ壬һ˿
£ȻһԲȻһŭ
𣡡
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Ҷ֪ǰ˲֮Ħȣ
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ۿޱȣ˵΢һ㣬ȻˮȴǺȻתҲˣ
˵ȻҲӿֳһŵĹս޶Ѿɼ
ɱ
Ȼһ޺ε峹ױըָԭΣΪռ䲻̫ʮ׳ӴʼĹɨȥ
ѩѵСĹ
Ҳҵ
ܿ죬Ͱһһ߾͵ס˷ӵĹ䣬Ȼս֮ȴٴ˵ұ߿տشҲһĹǣߵǽ֮ȴٿȻһţ


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ǰҶ˹䣬߷һţΪ׼õ֮·ɵҲ֪źȻģܱЩ仹ҪΣյ塣
ǣ汻Χ£Щݷ޾һӿĹ䣬Ҷǲ֮⣬˶ڹȫûеֿһ˭һ˿ô㲻ɥҲʧȥս
˶ҶҶһЦҪǽУƫƫǵҪ˱۾
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ĽɢҶĹâȴǴĹϵ
ؼԲͬŶһ޶ľãԸЩٺҲˡ
Ҷͬһ̫һ֮ƽȵ
ǱҶͰòʱ˹۾ȴŹâʧȻҲõĻᱻ͵Ϯ
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˼æ۾ǰ±ÿյģһ˿һĹС
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Ҷ΢΢һЦҵһ͸ҵģƽʱҲûʹãû뵽쵹ó
ָȻ½ˣ½껽ֵľֻһĿá
ЦٿȻһҶ±ǿ뿪֪类Ǹ͵ȥˡ
ʵŵʵ˳֣Ļû˵˵ǲģһλ˵ĺˣλĺˣСС;ӵ˳ʵ˭֪ĵ˺˵ʵǿʲôزˣҶҲǷǳŵİΣġ
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ҲҰοţӦöڸղУԼ˼ȻûнȥȻ˴˿գһ·ϲŻƽ
ȻҶüͷʱȴǽšȻʶͻʶѾ޷ʩչƾڳ˵ԤУó֮϶ŸΪ
ȻһڵİٴͣΣʼϵѾһӣԼ
˵Ĳٴһַ֪ʲôΣգȻ˻عһɫӰͻȻһ˳ȥڿкӰ˺ӰȻǺǡ
ԭǶǱźɫǵ״ھȻڿתħѪǵӣ˶һҶֱӸߺ֣
ʮҶĺǣһȴһ̬ƻãѾ嵽ſڣȴǽԶԶ˻ħޣ
ħޣ
֣һħ޲Ƕ𣿳綼Ҳûħ޵Ĵڣ˺ħ֮⣬ôȻֳħأ
ȫ˶ڣȻںǵĶ棬վһֻͺڵĺǲµͬһĹޣ֮ϲͺɫĳë󱳼ϳһ׳ļ̣׺ݵĸ˿Ŀĵźǡ
ֻħ޹ΣȥͼΪˣ֪ʵӦҲȥ
ڵħ޽ǳݣһͭƤǣϵļ̸бޱȡ
Ҷͷһϣսپ
ǰ˳֮ǰĽ飬˵ʵʹƣټŵʧ٣ֻħ޽ǳֵĵˣҪȡȺɱ˵
ҶĺǸ߰᲻ôκȻҲ֪ԴΪأûз飬ȳ֣צȻŴغȻȥ
䣡
ǳµĵͻȻһͬһĳì֮ƣֱ塣


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ǺϵȡĹȻǵʵͱˮҪ㣬ǰҶĹƣħѪǵ̬ʱ൱ڳϵĸ֣֮£Ҳضȫȴͽ޹
֪ͷǳݵʵ֮ߣǳ
һУԽˣ˦Ǿ޴βͣݺݵŽǳݵɨȥ
ӦģղûлǿʯѾúӵоӣҲȫһҪǳݸɣصӡ
ȻǳݵұͻȻ̧ӭβ͸񵲶ȥβ¾ҶҺӲӲȻﬡһ촫βȴһӱҷ˳ȥ
ǳֹ֮ͻȻһ㣬зŭ˳˹ٶȾȻȴҲһһ㣬˲Խ׵ľ롣
վǰİ׵Ŀꡣ
ƴ˿ȻҲţһһƬţǿͬһǽһǰҲҪԿǳݵ
ǳʵ̫ǿᣬֽһ˺ͽǶǽ˺÷飬׵ĳ嵽ߣ׳ֱۺݺݵĻ˳ȥ
ؼʱ̣֮϶Ȼһ̹⣬ľԣĻס˰
飡
ǳݵֱ˷ƵĹĻ֮ϣƵľУȼŵĵоȻһһΣ𲻶
һ°ɫʱˣľƾȻסǳݵһҲսæˡ
ǳһ£׹һ˲ԶҶٴηֽ֮תҶ
˶ֻħ޽ǳݵǿ𺳵ˣǿֲˣ˲ϢĹѾ˺ǣͰҶٵסĻֻȫͬʱˡ
ԽĿ׼ԼĽǳݣҶɫɼΪƽȻ˺Լǰ·¶ͼ
ͼ֮ϱǳһƬ⣬Ÿĺ֮âҲֻޣȿֺĳ˽ǳݡ
ͼǳݵһ˿⣬ҪˣʱǧâѾ嵽ǰһһײ塣
ǳݵǱһ̳𻨾ʢĽޱȡ
Ľ֮УǳݶȻͣΣ췢һıȻͨһ˵ϡ
ҶȴʱŲͼĽ⣬ߵ˽ǳݵߣ̧ķ˽ǳݵԴ֮ϡ
޲𾪵ĿǰһĻǿħ޽ǳݣȻηľҶǰƺǳˡ
ҶȻ֪Ǳ˸°ģֻҪԸʱңгһұضͻ磡
ǳݵ΢΢һȻƴͷԭ̵ĿȻѾ˷ܺ
ɣ
ҶջԼƣɢȥǰͼĽ⣬ǳҲվ˫´ԹԵվ
ŽǳݣҶȻһָĪǱβܵ˿˺𣿡
ǳݿ˿Ī磬ֿ˿Ҷ֮ͷȻ˵ĴߵĪߡ
˵ʵĪֻħޣеηģ߹岻΢΢ҶЦŵ磬ú£Ȼǿֲ˵㣬ľȴΪֻͻȻôһİĵطκ˺¶η壬ԲŻ˿񱩡
Ī˵ͷĵĿһ۽ǳݣҲѿ죬¶һЦݡ
ɻĵܺʵôǿΪʲô˵˻
ҶЦҡҡͷûĴڣȻ˵˻˵ľ磬ʵҲ㣬ֻҲ֪ħ޵ľλֵģΪʲôܺȫΪͼá
ģ࣬ܿԣôֻиָ˵˴֮Խܻ˵Ļ
ͼȻôеɵĿҶ
ʵԭͼȷôģֻסͨޣ޶һãӡͼĲ֮ͼҶҲʱͻ룬Ȼǳ࣬ôҲͼܹס
û뵽Ȼɹˡ
ʱ˳Ҳ˹Ѿ뿪ƽȵǰӦþǱˣʲôԺ˵ɣ
ߣ
һȺ˵Ӱʧ֮ƽȵĳ֮ͻȻ˼ӰעҶǵıӰ
ҶڿǵĻͻϳˣħ
ħΪ˽ǳݴץǷ˶ľû뵽ڷСӡ
ħҡҡͷ˾ͱ˰ɣôץһţͷˣǵڻ֪ʵˣ߰ɣǻҪͷʰЩأ


860 ·
շ˽ǳݣҶ˵һջȻǳݵʵ϶ţҲһųǿս
Ƭ֮ѾԿǰԶһΰĹȻӦþǱΧŵ
뵽ԼүүǣҶƽҲһ˿һǰİͷɣ
ղ֮ҶûдͷΪ˱Ī磬Īħ޽ǳݣҶҲͷ
ûкҶΪ֪ڵҶʵǱԼҪǿԷŲ˵˵ߣҶȡλá
ܿ죬Ҷ˵֮ͣ˽ŲкȻӿһ˿ĸоΪ֮ھȻǺһƬǰ죬ûҲ˺ڰ
еɻ󲻽ǣڿиӹȵʱܹǳ˽ƵģԼۿžҪˣȴûио˿ڽƵ
Ҫ֪Ҷʵʶͻʶ޷ʩչ£ڸǿĽƣԾŸӦ֮ġ
ˣǰֵֻֿܣһ־ĵѾ˽ƣһ־Լǰжʧ
һֿأ
ҶʴҵĸоˮܹоƵ𣿡
֮ҶͻȻòԾΪԼ֪ʲôʱʼȻþĵģһûˣ
ҶȻתԼ
һҶʱʧɫԼǿտҲղžԼʮԶˣȻһˣ
ȻҶԼһ·Ϊе㼤еע֮ϣлǵ˳ֵĻԼԲһ㶼
ҾлػǵˣǵʵټϸոռĽǳݣôܻһôʧأ
⵽ô£
Ҷзɿ˼ţƬ֮һ֡
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Ҹղź˾һУЩǺͽǳݵĴսôʵ¾˽٣Ҳܲó˸Ļþɣ
ҶеżΪ֪ڵ״ҲʱԼҪ侲ˣǶԼк档
ڳҶǿԼ侲Լ˴̤ϱӹȿʼоϸĻš
֮ҶȻҲĹؼڣΪûκβԾĵط
벻ͨͲ룬ҶԽʱ׵Ժתʼܡ
ȻѾ֮ˣôϽ취Ҫ顣
ڳԼõĸַ֮ҶòϣʵǸ֮ԼĿǰյ֪ʶʵҲƽ֮
ҶٴγƬ֮кȻһ򣬸߸߾ĵˣţ֮װҪսĹٲֵĻ
һйȻãҶĻո£ܾѾ˻Ӧ֮Ҷֵδе̫СˣǲǺ㿪ССЦѡ
ǰҶûϵʱǸҶһЦȷ£һ
Ҷ֣ʵһֱ߰
˵УһӰȻڿ֣һߣϻһαƵЦݣֻһ񣬲ˡ
ҶսĿô²𣿡
ȻЦŵҶʵɲ⣬ǵȷǲ
ף˴ѶңҵԼѾˣȴ涼¶ҹŪ鴦ҪأǾûг⣿
Ҷ֣ûɣô˾ҪǶ֣֪ҶĶ֣֮£ֻܳ²ˣҶַģֻҪ㽫ҪĶǱ֤Ϊѡ
ҶǵĻǲйˣٴξսĹ΢츮ҵϣӱˮҲӦѾץסˣˣҵĳҲˣǲҲҿǵĳ⣿
ߵ¶һ΢츮ϣҶֻ֣Ҫ㽫΢츮չָǿ̾ͷų̰ǣ
ã
Ҷ֪ȨǵϣԼֻܰ˵ȥһɰƴС΢츮㸡֮С
΢츮ߵ۾ȻͬʱЦˣȻˣҶǿ·ˣˣ˸ˣʵ󷨵þܹͨ죡


861 
һޱ߹ʱ򣬾;˲ԾΪЩ֮оһһ㣬ָоڱ˵Ҳİ˵ȴʮϤΪÿ򿪿ռ֮ţָо
ϧȻʶ˲ԾѾˣ֮оȻ˾޴ŵʵ޷⣬Ҳģ֮е˶һܹ赲
ȻҲҶǼٵޱȵȴûͣȫܿƵ˳֮еǰȥ
ȻһգѾ뵽յУΧ޾ĺڰŵз
ˣȻ֪˶ԷĿģרΪԼ׼ģĿȻҪԼҶǷֿ
ȻѾмˣôֻܽƾͼƣĵ˵ˣʲôıΨһĵľҶ˵İΣûԼİܷȻɴеĿģȳ˲ȫأ
Ƭ֮һգΧĻʱһ
Ŀİѩŵ΢ȻԼ˿ռ֮еľ벢ңԶƺȻڱӹУĻԼҲܸϵϺҶǻϡ
ڴ֮ǰ֪ԼɵǰһϮɫۣ̽͸һɸ߹Ϣˡ
˫Ŀգƺ֪ŵĵҲ˫ĿƵĶŶԷǿʶѾɢ˳ȥ
ĵƽԼƭⰲһ˵ԼԲǺģҺԼˣʵҲȥ
ʶոմ˵ϣ̾ͱһǿԵ˹Ȼ۾ڵţͷˣҵļûдĻӦ磬Ϊյһ壬ԣӦ˵ǽһֻˡ
һ͵ŵȻҲ³˶Էݣضλ˺ˡ
ԼȻأССǲֻ֪ܹ֪о죬Ȼλ˺ˣڵļ䣬Һܿھ֮һ
˵ļŵϼŵԵû뵽ﾹȻܹ˺ˣһҽţţͷˡ
Ȼ۾ʲô˵ȫû壬ҵĿľǽ£Լ־ܣҪҶ֣ҶֵĻҪˣ
ŶȻ췢һЦ־ܣҲûôĿοһ˵ĺˣˣһֱܺ棬˵ĺôھ죬µȵ磿λڸòǴ飬ӵһֺ˰ɣ
ৡһŵĻ£˶Ȼ۾˫֮кȻţͷˣһģȻҿҵˣˣסҽع㣡
ع㱨Լ֮¶Ȼһİ֮£ʱƮ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿŵߡ
һֻƣݺݵ£ɷЦϧܲڣȻҿʶһҵĴӡ
̧ǻӲӬһһӣжʱһֻ˶ޱȵĺɫƣӭ
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žķһͬһװ㣬ҰһɫƻãȻŵӰҲû
ŵܵعӰȴ˿ţЦŵһƵǲ̫ǿ˵㣿˵ĺҲ˰
ȻŸعϵȴжϳʵԼ
ҲģϾѾ鳾ű䣬˾磬˵ĺˣûгΪ֮ǰļҲ鳾ű䣬οع㻹ûе磡
عɫҲޱȣȻع潫ŵ˵ʮϸǺع֪Ѿǽ˵ĴڣعȻҲûнŷڸһ֣ʶԼŵĶ֡
Ϊ˺ˣܻеûеơ
ڱεع㣬Ȼ³һûκβͬǵһ֣ʱϹⱬһɳޱȵѹƾճ֣ͬɽһ㣬ΧĿռ䶼ʼŤ
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˵Ϊ֮ޱȣȻҲѰܹܣһ˿˲ӴһΧ֮ڿռе˾ٲά裬޷
£ǹѹѾѹŵϣȻס壬뼫еĶһ˼¡
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عһ˿ڳŵǰһȻƵĴš


862 
֮£ع㶼ҪܵѹӰ죬ĶҲԵû࣬ȴԿĶࡣ
Լĳһ˿ƶܹͻз϶űɡ
ȻĽԽԽʱع㶸ȻŵϾȻĳŪ֮ɫ
ﶸȻһѾǱ֣֮Ƿǵη壬ҳЦԼѵ˵ʲôвɣ
عǸˣҲΪʲôʵܵλãȴԸֻʮ֮һĵ
˵ͷõĸо֮սسͬʱųˣ
ŵĳַǳֱӣֱһȭ
ֻȭٶȡȻ磡
Ҳ˵ŸӰ죬ܹ˿ĶȻղŵͻĶװģΪľҪعϵ
ŵһȭֺֿݣȻعѾ˲ԼܵӰ죬ٶȱûޱȣ޷ŵһȭľǾܵƫƫԴ
飡
ȭͷݺݵعĲϣֱӻ˳ȥҲһ׵ֵĿռ䣬վˤڵأѾƤعǰЦŵǲǺΪʲôܲӰ죿
ȷعɻ⣬࣬ȴԼ˴м֮󣬰ڽ̵ķķʱԼҲԹܶΣԲˬôȴʧȥã
ŵ֮϶ȻðһɺͬղعԴԼһúع
ܵǹȻⲻһĹҺķǧʱ䣬֮ģ֪ôǵԹһγɵģǵԹ֮𣿾Բǵ
عȷˣɢĹԼ˿˰ٱ࣬ŵѾӦȻܵӰˡ
ֻع㻹и벻ͨѵԼٿʵ㣬ΪʲôҪЩ
ŵ۾֮жȻѪɫ˫Բͬͭһ㣺ΪʲôΪ뿪ʱҵ˾˵֮£ұҪӦǵΪҵ˱𣡽죬ҾҵĹ֪һ壬磬ǿ㱻۸ģ
عһУҲ֪ȴԼľˣƱػɱԼ
뵽ع㶸ȻеһҧԼͷһѪѪ֮кȻһɳ
Ϲ磬һȻ˹ȥ
ͬû뵽ѾԼһȭֱԼ˹֮еع㣬Ȼ֪عǴ˵Ѫ֮ڵģ˵ı
һ˿ԶϽʯعΪ˻Ȼܲ˵ĽеıڣУԼȻҲˡ
鼱֮£ڹӿסԼͬʱҲѸƶΣܵȥ
Ȼ֮ԶԶعԼЩҲСοˡ
׶ܵĹǰٶ֮죬Ѿ޿ɱܣֻһҧһࡣ
ۡһŵļ򣬱һҫϹ⣬ʧ١
Ǽһ
ŶܱĹ򣬻ָɵعŴӵתӣѾĻ䣬㱾ܹɱţǶ˵Ҳ˵ѪӴ֮󣬺κιϸ
ȻδôܻߣҼ类׼еŭ𣬱һߣ
һֻʮ׳ľ޴ɫƣ֮ϣعݺݵȥֱΧĿռ䶼ǡˡ
ŵıȣعĵӶҪˣû뵽ԼıȻûܹɱԷ
ع㼸̵ʹ˳ܲĳһӴţο쵽˼£ͬһһ
ΪıӹȣҲ󷨵ۣһ˴ڶó󷨵ۣ
ֻҪӵ֮УԼܰȫˣʱ䣬ӦüôԼҲпͬҶһ͵죬ҵԼڣĻԼ»Ϊˣ
Ȼع󣬺ɫƸӰΣ֮Ȼ˿ռ䣬һɫգ
ȫ֮µĴӡ
Ϳ쵽ˣͿ쵽ˣ
عڿ˱ӹȣâɣգȻѾֻҪԼټһѾܻˣ


863 ΰ׳
Ҷλֻ˵Ļųһ亹
ͨԼ죡
κŵ飬ҶŶԷûƭԼΪûҪ˵ͨҲ㲢ѡ
һ£ҶĻˣ
ȻԼĵˣǾƾԼ鳾ʵ͵ȥȴԼĺ
ԼϻŰѪڵôĵرԼѪеͽ죬˵ЩסЩͽԼһ
Լβܱ͵죡
ǣҪôͻأղԼѾ˰죬Ҳûҵ취
ˣ
Ҷһ˼ʵսĹҲûд
˵ͬʱҶѾһգеǿʱ˷ĩƮɢ˵ϡ
ҶĿǰ뵽Ψһ취ˣȻĿôһҲǾͲʱŹԼˡ
Ҷ㻹棬ΪĲ֪ǿ֮ʲôûҲգϾҪﵽ죬˵ˣû׼ԺǻҪչˣҾ͸ɣʵ֮УΨһȷľ΢츮
ӱˮͬҲ֮УսĹʲôҲ֪κ˵õս϶ᷭģ˵ˣ㶼ѾѧսԲûսĹֻҪ㵽죬ôȻа취õҪĶô˰ɣ
ҶΪʲôҪԷҪԼ΢츮óǿˡ
ʱ򣬴ͻȻʼ𶯣ҶΪĵ˷ĵ֮ϣһһ·֣·ĵطͻһ
ɲ֮䣬ϰٵ֣âɣʷ׳ʣ綼ɫĹâȫǡ
ģΧĻҲڷű仯ҶƽȵǰıڳĹ֮лΪԭǻþ
ʵĻֳҶ¶𾪺;ɫ
ԼΪİ˸λ֮ϣгУԶûоͷһ
ҶӹȾۣЩÿһλ϶һ˸˸λܹ˰ʮĵӹΪĵķԲ˵󷨣ǲǼΪΰ׳ۣӦøеˣⱲܹվ֮Уܹǰ˶ľ죡
ǵģЩɢҫ⣬ɫʰ쵵ĹҶȫˣ
󷨵ȷ̫׳ˣ
ǵ̾Ϊֹˣ
ǧ󷨣κ˶޷ĵ
ʵϣҶھӹ￪ĵطѾ֪Ľ뵽󷨵У
ڰ֮ͣԶӹȣԼӹϿգֱ䵽ӹȺڣһУʵ֮зģ
ҶжǾӸ¸ӹȣǰĽƵȵȣĵ˹ҶģЩм٣е˸޷ֱ棬ȫ䵱ʵ
ӽ󷨿ʼҶǺˣǺĪһ𣬶ڸղţΪ˽ǳݵĹ˳ʱ뿪ˣȡλΪ̽·ĵ˵õ˻ᣬû˷˿
֮еصȻҲкֻܶ࣬йͽǳݣֻֻЩʵѡ񣬴ĸ룬ƽȵʱǸ򿪵СţյĿĶΪ˱Ҷ˷ֿ
Ҷ֪Լûпӳطˣɴֿˣ̧ͷǸߵܸܲң˻ҵǣǷƽ
ѱڹԼѣȻǴ֮ˣģ˱ˮӦѾ͹ţͷ֮⣬ڶѾǵ˸˱ӹȣϾÿ˶ʸǰģ󷨵ޣҪͬİ¶ߣһ˶Ƕһݸյı
ͬһ͵죡
ҶЦҡҡͷ˵ʵš
ʱȫϢҶԶȻ֪ԺˣֻҪûǵʵܹߵĻᣬĪ磬нǳݸ棬ȫҲӦò⡣
ֻ벻ͨΪʲôȲӣҲħ޺ޣҲûʲôȴҲҪ죿
Ҷ⣬ߺܴ󷽵Ĵ𸴵Ҳ֪Ҫһ˰ɣ
ʦ
ҶжȻ뵽֣ҲԼλ磬йϵˣҲֻʣˡ
ǲ
ͻȻ˰ٶൽڿл۳һ㣬羪׺ȻһССĺڶ˿Уš
ҶѪ֮пѨֲѪˮΡ
ˣռ֮ſˣҶøĶѾ˵ˣҲ԰·ˣףһ·˳磡


864 һ
ˣҶѾ˵ֿ˲󷨣ڵԼܹģֻĵȴԼšˮ±뵽е졣
ȻղŴߵĻУҶҲ󷨵ĴͻһΣգյıձĺҲ˵κ˶ֿԣܷ˳컹δ֪
ѾҶȴżĲʣʵǲľĪı죬ľ뿪ԼļˡѺԼϤ磬ϲ˼ңڡ
ǣʲôأ
Ҷͷһ׼ٿһԼĹ磬ԺҲҲزˡ
Ȼ̧ͷʱȻ֣Զ֮ϾȻӰһǰһԼٶȳǺǵӰ죬ɫľڿ֮ӲĽռ˺ѳ޴ķ϶
ŵĴӡ
׷ɱĳˣ
ȻҶ㲻߿ӦѾͬڱӹϵţôֻȥ׷ɱĳˣʱΨһͷֹŽӹȵķΧĻžͲԼһ졣
˵ڼ޵еʵٲ֮ǣң£ҶǶܵչˣĸͬӡ
뵽Ҷæۣŭ֮ԼŵĶУ磬뿪ӹȷΧὫ죡
׷ɱعĹ̵УѾʶԼѾڱӹϣҶĴжȻһ
Ҷſʮ󷨵ģΪ磬õƵķ
һ̣ŵҲǻȻʣĵĿģҪҶ죡
ȻҲ֪Ҷĵ죬³оһ⡣
ŷǵûм٣ٶٴ˼ֱ֣Խƣڱع㣬ͬһһ㣬Ҷڵλó˹
ʱ򣬿ǸڶѾ˰ңӹھҵҡ֮УҲʼ뺣棬ǱһһһĳźڶƮȥ
һӹȽ뵽˺ڶ֮Уôͻ뵽գʽʼռ֮á
Ų˷ҶüͷҪšһ𣺡磬߰
ʱҶֻǧҵţжȻһХ˫ͬʱӳһźɫĹĻǰڰҹա
Ļ֮㷱ǣǹ˸ƶγһһ·
ҶȾּĿţɴֽƳӹȵķΧѾ޷ˣΪűӹȵߣԼڶԽԽһɿֲ֮ͬһεӣԼʵ
ȻͷųĺɫĻҲ֮ܵӰ죬ƶٶȱüΪĻͨ죬Ȼ鳾űǿʵֵŬƶĻҶķȥ
̧ͷҶѾԿڶ֮Ƭ޾ܹһйâգֱڣȻ֪ƶƶĻԼɹΪʲô
֪Լ޷ֹţֻĿš
żҪҧ飬ƶŹĻĻ֮Щǹ⣬Ȼڻ۳һһ·
ҶǴſǻڿţ磬ҪʲôɣϽ뿪Ȼˣ
˿ҶԴͿҪ뵽ڶ֮УŶҶĻȴǸûһһŭͻȻеһ㣬ƶźɫĹĻҶߡ
ĻٿȻͽҶ֣Щ·ǹ۳ɵ·ȻŹһȹ֮ųҶǰ򿪡
ҶҪʲôΪԼ˿ռ֮ţԼ룬Ӷѳӹȣѳˡ
ò˵ȷĿǰΨһеİ취
磬һߣ
ҶҲҧгݵľȫŲ壬ҪȥԼֻв׵ţȻȴЦҡҡͷſͣȻ޷ֻͨĿͿ˵ܣ뿪
磬ҪһߣҪһ
ҶҧĿ֨죬⣬ԭ޷徹ȻĿԶˣȻǾٲά裬̧ŵֱۣҶѵĸо
Ȼʱŵٴ¶һοЦݣԿ͸Ҷ뿪һ̣
촽ĶȻ̧˫֣Լڿһ˿Ҷ˹ȥ
һֻƣҶϣҶû˿ֿ֮岻ܿƵԭأƮ˽ߵȹ֮š
磡
֮ŹرյɲǣҶ΢ЦŶԼ˵ܣأ


865 ʮ˺
Ҷ֮Ѿǧ֮һĵ֮ϣôңԶľ룬ȻܹĿǹصٸʧѾȫӹȵľ޴ڶ
磡
Ҷ췢һ˻˫ϥһźڶķȥ
Ż뿪ģΪҶȴǷܲĴ˿ռ֮ţǿнҶߣԼҶҶ졣
屡죡
ڣһϨ𣬺ڶҲ׵ıպϣеһжָˬƣ΢棬ȫոշʲô
ټĺ˵һĲʲô仯ο⻹һԭҲͲڵģΪĵ
ֻǳ֮⣬ţӱˮҲʧˣͬڵһж׵ɢ
Ҷһʯͷһһֱ̫ɽҹĻ٣΢΢һڣһһĵ磬ңһǰ죬ţҾͽȳˣҾˣΪ㱨𣡡
ĻһſŵĶӣĶҶС
ҶվԭȱӹȵķһҾףȻתҪߣǸոȴֽ˻
ԼȻӹһ٣ĪȻ˵УԼҪĽǸȳ
ֻǺôǵ׶ʲôطأ
Ҷʰ𱯷ߵ飬Լ侲ʼ˼ĵ˿ܶʲôط
ȿԿ϶ǾԲڱӹϣܿܶڴ֮УΪĻǾ㲻͵죬Ҳпܱ󷢶
ǲڴ֮УôҲ̫ԶϾǻҪ󷨣ʱ̹ע󷨵ı仯ҪʽԼ졣
ˣҶһΧԭȱӹȵ֮ΪģԲǧ֮ڵĳ֮ϣ
ҶܣۿȥԼӹѾǧ֮ңڸ岼ССĵ졣
Ҫôĵұ飬ֻƾҶһ֮ĻҲҪµʱ䣬ʱĵʱ뿪
Ҷ˫΢΢һѪ⣬һһӰʼǰ
̶Ƭʱ䣬ҶѾѪ֮ټ˽ʮ˺İϧ׷ǺıԼгĸǣСû֮ء
Ҷ˸˵ĹâһָΧĺʲôʱ֮ڣΧҵһȺˡ

ʱ˿̣ҶλôֻԶһ֮ϣۼһȺˣҲңűӹȵķ򣬶Ϊ֮ҶڱӹȿǸֻߡ
ʵϣʱǾѾԶڵ
ŴʧǶĳ˿߸ͷǽҶˣ
⣬Ȼ֪зһ飬ӹ֮ʱŵĴҶ뿪ǶûпΪԼѾɹ콻ǵ񣬽Ҷͱˮͳͳ졣
޲ͷǰûгʲôӡ
ʱһδüͷ֣عôûлѵһţͷ˶Ըˣ
һмɫһЦع㣬ҹӦҲǸˣѵǲ֪Ϊ˵ĺˣʱ޿̶ܹع죬ôһõĻᣬܷŹ
عҲУ
ߵ˵ͷ˵ĺеҲعƷţͷ֮󣬳ᣬһǰˡ
޲ʵȻǳģܹ֮ӵнһҲǰͣǶ죬ǵжη壬Ҫǰ
عϾ֮Ȼ˲ͬ
ܵЩô죿˵һеָܵľλߡ
΢һ֮⣬˶ɱ˰ɣȻɼǰȸ½ǺҶйصҲȫɱˣԾ󻼡
תȥʼո߸˵ħĹ֣˰ɣĹ֣鶼ɾĽȸ½Ӧ޵еĴˣٳʲô˰ɣ
ħĹּæĵ޵Բκβˣ
˭Ҳûע⵽˵ʱ츽ĺˮ֮Уһʰ쵵Ĵ׳βˮĳһ޴˻֮ϢǱ˺ס
ıҶǰˣҵˣ


866 ֵЦ
Ҷ˵ͷ֣ˣǻȥ
ڵıͬµľȻֻ״̬ʵǰæȥѰĵˣǼΪΣյģûа취ҶҪ̵֣ʱұⷽԲǧĺ
ҳ޷Уֻðսеĳǵٻæڲûгʲôӡ
ıֵˣЧɣ
ıҶһη˴ģȥѰЩˣһҪǿսΪѪ죬ȻҪ
ˣȵӵ֮еҪæĵط
ҶʵϵĿǰΪֹѪǰеˣͬİϧλڣԴԼ뿪ѪǲܷӳȫʵϣʱǲС
ı˵ͷҲ֮Ĳ࣬ԼҲɲʲôó
Ҷ˵۾ϿʼѪ⣬̧ͷƽ֮͸¶һɲŭϡ
ѪˣѪ֮ݣٻǻعѪ
Բǧĺ֮УͻȻ㣬ڿлۣǵأȻԼٶҶڵλó˹
Ĺ㣬ͬһ㣬ڿлһһĹ켣ЩǵЩǵ֮⡣
ǰ̵ĳҶ֮Уײ˵
Ƭ֮䣬еѪѾȫصѪ֮УҶҲ۾ɱγۼĵȥ
ͬһҹ֮е㣬ȻҲ˵ע⣬ȫ̧ͷۿǵȻ֪⵽ô¡
ȵй㶼ʧ֮˻ÿ˵ﶼӿһɲõԤС
ʱм˵ɫͻȻ䣬ΪѾоһɼΪӴϢԼٶȣԶ֮
˭ع㣿
عϢǷǳϤĲع㡣
ѵѵǡҶ
ܣҶڹƶѾˣôỹ硣
ܵǴһ˿־˵Ĳ²⣺òˣģҶ
һɢѪӰӸµĳ˵ͷϿգȻľҶ
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ͷð˼ðһɾԼôˣķôʹۣȻͽ޹û
ܵĶҶʵ벻ҶܹѾ֮Ѷġ
ڣҶӰ˵ǰɭĿһһĴÿ˵ӹ
Ѿ֪ع֮⣬˿վʮ߸ˣѾǿĴڣΪආħĹ֣Ҳٳؾϵĸ֣˵λһλܵˡ
κһˣôĸ֣ҲһֻţȻ˿̵Ҷȴ򶨵Ŀ£ƺûнЩ˷
һĻɽƽ֮۽Ѿʼڡ
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ܵĵ˿ʧе㣬Ǹ֪㵽ô˲õ֮ӳġ
ҶЦˣЦ֮г˼ͷŭ˵ܸ߸ϵˣǶ˵ǲһȺܵĵСͻ쵰ѣǲõгʲôѵģ
ЦٿȻһҶ±ñˣɵ˽ڣҵǡ
Ȼ˶Ҷܹ˲õӳȷеη𾪣Ҳһĸ֣ҶǼĿǣܹܡ
ܵ˵λΪѾЦŵҶŴһȻǿĿԣѵΪƾһˣܶԸô𣿽ǣҿӦԹԵ־ܡ
ҶĿƵϣԾƽôԿ
кһȻܲҶֿҲͬԸͷӭսҶ
ʱģޣħĹֵǺҶҲǾʶˣȥкɣ
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ʵЩǣħĹֶҶû̫η壬ΪڵʶҶʵʱҶ֮κһ˵Ķ֣ȻڹҶĴԽԽ࣬ȴҲŶ̶ʱѣҶܹǿȥ
ˣ޵˶һ֮ղ¶Цݣ
ԽڶߵҶǰЦеĵҶþòˣ
ЦĴ̶һһֱҶĶ䣬ȻֵЦҲһ󹥻֪ҶͬóĹ


867 һЦȭ
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ֵЦ֮дһֹƻܹڲ֪֮ле˵꣬õɥʧǣʤ
ЦҶĶ֮У̻һâֱҶꡣ
ûȿͱҶ֮ʼմڵĽɫâ˲ɢ֮С
Ҷ궼Ѿ֣֮ǿȳ̶ȵĹͻƵġ
ֵ֪ĹʽҶ¶һ˿֮ɫͻȻҲһЦ

һЦκûʲôףǶЦ˵ȴͬһݺݵĻ֮ϣ˲ж֮Ĺϵһߵܣվһ
Ҷͻ֮ϲ֮ûʶ۶Ļʩչָ֮£Ĵġ
ϧǣĿǰҶĻҲжǿֻһˣȻĻȫͬʱԼڳÿ˵Ķ䣬ֱӹǵꡣ
ȻǰվŵЩˣѾ֪ҪԣԶԼȻҲɭϵı֪Ҷ귢֮󣬿϶ٸҶڶλĻˡ
ˣҶҪ֮ٴ͵Ϯɹǲܵ£һЦ׵Ļ֣ǿʵǸ˵һصľӡ
ʣµħ֪Ų٣Ҷʵٶȵȷǿˡ
Ĺֱһĸֵͬܣ鼫ֿǵĴھȻͬմһ޲ǲȻŭͬʱȫ֡
˵ľ綼ڳϣʵѾһأǺŭ֣ȫ˸ԵĳˣҲ㹻ֲˡ
ֲͬԵĳһͬʱҶɱȥ
Цֹһĵо״ټϻеĻϵһƬȵĸ¼Բ֮ڵĿȼ
ŭֵһ֮ͭϲݣصϵͭͬһɽһһѹУϾԻ
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趯κսҶȫǱƽҪǿĶ壬ӶѪɫȭЦֵȥ
ȭͷ׵ĴȵŤռ䣬֮ȵ¶̱㱻ɢһա
䣡
ȭͷ˲䣬˾˵ľ죬ƺһ㣬Ц˵Ϊĳ̶ϳ˼أԼΪ᲻֣Ҳ͵ײֱ֮ײ˳ȥ
һ֣Ҷȭͷûκͣһ˼ĽǶȷתƿռ䣬ٴλͭ
飡
ͭΪ촷ۣޣ
ŭֺ֣Цֱֱ֮ĵɳȥص׹ڵأϢƺѾһ㡣
Ƭ̵ĹĹ־ȻѾȫҶܣδֵħɫ䣬ﻹٺҶֵ뷨
ҲǼϣòοҶѹûдŹǡ
ɱ
ħ뷢һͬʱҶ
ĹħȻʵ磬ǾȻܹ˵ȫһ
ڿ۳һ޴Σſ˫ۣҶץ˹ȥƺҪҶ˺ء
ظֵһܷӳ൱ڳҡ
ȻҶЦһη壬˫ڳսƣұ֮ѪɫƣͬһѪƣҶĳֶӭǸ޴Ρ
һȺ嫵ɱ˲Լ仹֮ݿһ㣬׵Ľ޴θײķѡ
ҶѾԳɹƺս˲һɵѣ
α٣ħɫò԰ޱȣʱʧȥս֮⣬Ҳܻǵ˼ͬʱת壬׼ߡ
ȻҶôܻŹǣұٴλӶѪǺȻħ󱳣Ӵӿħڣнϡ
ѪβͺһɨݺݵĻеħֱӽ˳ȥˤڵһ
ѪһŹâȻѾӳʮ׿ħȻ֮ƣԾ״ħı󶴴һĶڡ
ħֿʼڲգ۵ĹҶһЦļȭͷͽ߸һս˶Ĵηĸȫɱ


868 λ
ĵʮ˿ȫĬˣ
Ȼÿ˶ܻħĹֵֹǾԲ˸ɾ䣬ô̵ʱ
ҶˣﶼףʵҶûȫ
ԭϣħĹܹͶʯ·Լ˿ҶʵΣȻڿ֮ǵܵ˼ĴҶֻĸۡɲ⣡
ǵҲûȫϣٵΪֹʮ˶ҶһˣռƵġ
ҶħĹ֣ͬһеƲһͥǰԶĵطޱĿ˵滹˭ҪҴкߣһϣ
˿ĻҶĿ˵ʮλ˵Ǽӣǵﶼһŭ
Ҷ㲻ҪΪľ޵ˣһ˾ɱ㣡
޵һѾĶɮǸոյħĹ֣ȫ£ȫҶУʮַŭ
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޵
ܺãҶͫٿȻʮ֮޵ȣҲƵֵˣһҶͺ֮ǣȻ޵ͦҶȻǲŹˡ
ܵȴ侲Ŀڵޣ԰꣬ǱҪҶҼȻҪһϣǾҪǾŸɱ
ܵ´λȻҲΥǰ޵жվעҶ
λ綼ڳأ޵תֵ鳾һ֮ңǾֹ֮һˣⲻ޷ʷ֮лûгֹƵΡ
û취Ҷʵ̫ǿˣܵ˵ձɱҶһߣôպ˵
ҶʼŶԷҲ¶⣬ղԼıӦöŵϺŵĸΧסҲ˿ӡ
֮£Ҷȴû˿η壬зӿһɳĺġ
ԴҶ֮ûκ֪ʵʲôľ磬ֻԼ֪֣ԼҲһǱذ֮֡
ŹǿƴӾλϼڣڿж۳һۿɼĲϷˣӿǧ
Ǿ˺ƴȣҶȴǳͬһ׵̶ˮһƽû˿ϵѪҲȫվ
˫һһһһγ˽ȻͬĶԱȣȴ˭ҲСҶȻҲû˭Ըһ֡
һʱ֮䣬֮ϵĿֹ̣ͣ
ڣһλδ󺺣Ҳʮ֮е̩ɽ̩ɽ಻סȳˣ
̩ɽ߹ɣ׳˶¶ļֳͭɫҾɢŽĹ
һ̩ɽǰһѾһȭ
ڵҶѾսȥڵ˵ǺͿ̩ɽͺڲͬļʱ򣬾Ѿ²һλó弼ߡ
˵ҶԼʵҲеƣͭƤǣǿޱȣҶ弼ս·Ĺȫ
弼ͲһˣΪսһ֣弼߽Զ˵ʩչˡ
̩ɽһȭѾɽħĹֵҶôܵģʩչ弼
̩ɽֱƻȭͷӳľͬɽһ㣬춼ھҵĲ
Ҷȴǲ㣬ƺǴҪԿ̩ɽȭͷȻҲһȭͷӭȥ
䣡
ײͬصĺȻ죬ȶͬˮһ㣬ʻ˷ȥ
̩ɽͬߵķһȻɳȥҶȴվԭأ˿δ
Ȼó弼Ƶ̩ɽ۵ҲҶĶ֡
̩ɽɣλһۣﶼԼٽС΢ҳֵĻ󷴶ܻᱻҶƣ԰ͬʱһͷͬѾ·ɻ̩ɽ˳ȥ
λǿߣ޵Ҷȫķƺس֣۳ʵƾͬһɽһصѹҶϡ
ȻҶɫȴƽĿһɨλ֮ͷڿȫˣ


869 Ԫˮ
ҶĻո£ϵǧë֮ͻȻܳͬСһ磬ž죬Ͻһܼĵһڲϵ
һϵѹЩϴܶ׵Ŀס˾λǿͷųѹҷѹǵϣǿɱֶ¡
Ȼûǵ壬ȴÿ˶˿˿֮С
ܵĿһٿȻĶҶϵЩ磬ĵϵôô
֮£Ҷ徹ȻնԽ˵ͷӸ£նǲ󣬼Ѿ˰С罻֯ɵĵеͬһ߲ʡ
˫ûʽ֣ҶǿѾŴǿָѹƵ·磬ǵ޾ƣη֮У֪򲻿ѹҶҪ֣ε
޵Ȼߺһλһ֮
£ڷɳһСĶϿխڿУڵһͷ׼Ҷ
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ͬӵңˮӿȵˮɲ֮佫ϿձһƬ󣬶ҶվģͬһҶСۣʱпܱˮɡ
ҶһЦֱۻӶ֮£𶯣һںڵӵֱȵȴʵڿпٵ۳һء
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ʱλͻȻͬʱ֣ÿһĿɫ⻪˻Ԫˮ֮ϡ
ŹˮϵͬˮſеĻԪˮԡ
ܵ˹棬Ԫˮԭ֮СɲǼͬĥ̴СˮȻҲǸǰ̵ĺݺײ˿Ƿ֮ϡ
죬ҶҲԾԴԴϵĴӵ֮Ͻϵ۳ɵǷأǵϾĴأҶһҲֲ϶˵ĺ
һصıǷ޷ٵֿסˮĳȫɢ˿Ҷ˫ѾڳսƣһֻдϺɫ鱧ŵ˫м䡣
ڴر˲䣬Ϻɫһ˦βͣȻ˳ȥ
˶ûзϣΪҶ鼱֮ʩչĹ
ͬˮһ㣬ˮҲܿ˻ϵ޷ֵסԪˮ֮гĺˮһС˲ᱻû
Ȼȴû룬ѵҶ᲻֪ˮ˻˼򵥵ĵ
ϺɫĻɲʲôϵ
εҶΪĲ̬ҲˮǴߵĲϽţͷϵʱδ֮⣬Ѿȫӵ̬
ҶҲǼ򵥵ĽԼĵ֮ͷųǽսۺϵһ
˴󵨵뷨ҲֻҶܹ뵽ĳʩչ
һҶ˫鱧ķΧڳĻ֮бǿһʮ׳ľŵĻֱʡ
һɷǳֲ¶ȣɢ˳µĲ֮ˮȻ˲ͱɣڶ
ܵȵĸ£ǾλëȻʱ£Ͼļ˵ͷ·ֱȼ
𣡡
ĿзһӴҶһȦ֮µƬ̾Ա˿ˮ
ܵٴεһЩ֪ϵҶȻͷųĻϵ
ӣλ֣ҲĲһҶĶ֣ôֻԼҲˣƱҪҶȻպ
Ҷߵв֮һ˦β˾λ
ܹ󺣣վķȸ£þλоԼѪݷѾȼɫ䣬æˡ
Ŀ겻ǣǿеǸԪˮ
بأȻ˻Ԫˮ֮ϣ֮ڶͬձѣ飬಻
ε˷ȥֱĺˮͬ˱ըһˮӣ˾ǧߣǵء
ȻƺˣǵعҶ֮ǸԪˮȴ
жǿû˱ҶҪˣȻȻûнԪˮ飬֪Ȼһĳ


870 ܵ
ȻΪĳ֣ƵĻԪˮ֮еˮϿǵһˣԪˮȴʼͷųǿˮ
ҶͻȻԪˮȤʱλΪ˶ˣᣬӭŶļ˹ȥϣ˷ݺݵ˻Ԫˮ֮ϡ

ȻԪˮ֪ʲôƶɣľͷһʵȴĳֽ
ҶһȭͬʱħĹĸ֣֪֮ͣڻԪˮ֮ϣ̴ȥһ顣
ȻҶոջȭͷǿ鰼ȥĲ־Ȼ漣¹
صҶһݣٴ֣趯ͬһһƽһƵ಻ϵĺݺ´ڻԪˮ֮ϡ

̶ײ񱩵ֱĻԪˮ֮ˮ磬ͬ˵һ㣬ˮҴܣؼһƬ
ҶҲ֪Լһ˲Ѿ˶ƣ˿·ǱǧǧۣÿһƶĻԪˮ죬ͬһӡӡϵ·ޱȡ
Ҷһߴһ߰棬Լ˿ʹ򣬾鳾ĸֿҲҪԼѪˣԪˮȴ
ֵǣǾλܵҶַ񹥻ԪˮľٶȻûпһƺڻԪˮżǿģҶԴ
һ֮ҶͣǰԪˮЩԼİӡȻһۿɼٶԭˡ
ȻҶ֪ԼûȫȴҲ¾ԼеҲ޷κԪˮ
֮£ҶֻܷԪˮϾﻹʮλĿԼԼ˷
ȻҶȻˣ޵ȴ˫ֿٵĽһӡȻȻڻԪˮ֮ϣλ̽ҲŴһâԪˮ
ŵâٴλԪˮǻԪˮ֮кȻһ׳ˮ
ˮȻˮ۶ɣǱǰצͷ֮ϵٶҪ˵ΨһĲ㣬ֻ˶Ǳŵġ
ˮһͬǱ߳ٲա
Ѿȫˮ磬ϵ£ˮޱߵ֮У޴ˮٿȻǱˮС
Ҷٴʮ֮ʶȴεĸΧˮ֪ˮȻĳط͵ϮԼ
ͬʱĿȴһ˿ǸȻˮĻԪˮ֮ϣеĹˮȻλҲǼΪˮڽǾ֮ˮ֮ԸԼôҪǣҪȻٵˮ
ǸղԼѾԹˣˮΪʵҪٵ̫ѣ˵ĳٵҲʵϧļֵ²ڻ긫֮¡
뵽긫ҶȻһ᲻ˮˮϵʥأ
ôԼû긫սܷݻˮأ
ֻˣˮҲ˵ϵǵ޷ˮϵܹ׳ˮϵѾûа취£ҶбҪһ£ΪȻĻȥԼҪľʱȫˡ

ҶǰˮͻȻǧ㣬޴ˮڴˮӿſͣҶݺݵҧȥ
ЦһҶѾ˻긫
һˮȻˣҶ׼սǸ߾ٻ긫ݺݵˮ
䣡
ˮ죬ˮĿзһ߸߰£ȻˮС
ˮȻ£ˮ۶ɣֻҪԹһᣬͻٴγ֣ҪԸԪˮǻᡣ
ҶȻŹ˫Ȼɿ긫˿У˫ҲʼٻӶ׼ʩչսˡ
ȻʱʼһԹۿܵͻȻһһ˲Ҷǰ
Ҷɣ
ܵһߣһɫ֮ԴȻм˿һΪΪģķΪˣ˾Ÿ߸߰ͷ
Ҷȫ׼սû뵽ΪʼչսܵͻȻ֣ҾȻҲȻ˶Էݣ̲סѿڶ
ܵľŸͷ֮¶յЦݣ˫֮͸¶̵Ĺâͬʱ»ζҲͬʱſ³ŸƵ
Ź۳ɾŹˣ˷ҶĶУľٴſ˾ŹɴŨѪ֮ɫ


871 ӳ
ܵʵǿ󣬶սթȻһֱԱ߹սδ֣ʵʵڰ۲죬ͨҶ;λĽ֣ѾҶ˲١
ܹͬʱʩչǿ֮⣬ҶǿĹǸղϺɫλͻԪˮʩչս
ˣҶ׼һεʩչսʱץסҶ׼ʱ䣬룬͵ϮҶ
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ŵͬŹɽ飬ҶںֱײҪݻꡣ
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ԴҶѪĴм֮һѪѪս
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ҶͺԴ֮ǩѪȻûĽΪãȴĿǣǻҶ壬˺
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Ǿẉ̂ѾȫҶѪҺ֮УǵûжӰ죬һ̶Ϊ
ԣܹʱһҶ֮⣬ٶκε˺ˡ
ΪڵѪȫѪ֮У
ѪǻߵѪγɵģв̺˴ǰٶ֡
Ȼ͵ϮûиҶʲôʵԵ˺ȴʱʧȥж֮ҲҶϢĻᣬԼѾָԭε޴Ĵ׳βݺݵɨҶ
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֣ҶеϲöʱɢӰ٣վûлش˳⣬ǿԶʮλȽ˵
ӳˣʮλ˿̵鶼ǼΪ࣬һҶǴ˰죬ֶô֣ӽ죬Ǹ֮ˣ


872 ɽ
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ԾŶʮʱĵʧȥƣɾͲ˵ˡ
ҶѾ˶ˣԶǵʵҲ˴µ˽⣬һָңľͽˣСǸˮܹˮȫ֮Ҳһܹ顣
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һ⻰˫ǸԪˮ˹ȥΪҲˣ죬ȷ˱һСĿռ֮
ѩٶ죬ͬһ׹һԪˮ֮ԣ˫ٿȻſһȵİɫӿۿžҪˮĻԪˮӲĶ˿С
޵ɫ䣬˫ּˮͬʱסǣ޾֮ˮҶ
ԭҶսʱӲð۾ϹΣգ߶׼õĻԪˮҶߣˮ֮зѾƣߣûж֮Ҷ˽ȥ
ڹâʵ̫ǿң޲òʱͣԼжԵȵ֮󣬲ŻᷢҶѾʧ
ԪˮȻΪҪҶǿҪˮУޱߺеˮϵȻȴû뵽ѾˮеҶȻܹˣǱ˳һơ
޵Ĵߴ٣˳һ˹зЦ¼侹ȻгıұµŮˣλӣ˼ֻɱˡ
һȺƴСĻȻɳѩХȥ
ò˵λǼΪǿ֣ȴзִԣѩȻԱϵסռ䣬ô湥Ȼ׵İ취
ֻڿлȵĸѾȼѩȴֻĿЩԼ޷ӭУΪֻҪһرϵǸˮ̾ͻˮС
ʱһƿһֻıͻȻ˹ȺУǵĺʱһֻ
ţһһı಻ϵ̼лȫŷǰƱ˿С
ԶƮƮһɫ乭ԴԴӿγһı׼˳


877 
ߵƽȵв֪ʱһ̴ĵһ֮ͻȻɷһһڴǵĹỤ̃ͬһһ㣬צɷ˹ȥʱڱ˴գȻҲڵסɷߡ
÷ɽЦһһָһ޴Ļ÷ðԾУɣͬһ̫һ׵ɢƽȵ
÷ɽ̩ɽϢĳ˹ȥȭͷݺݵ÷ɽԴȥ
飡
̩ɽȭͷû÷ɽ񣬶Ǻһž޴ĺӰײ˿Уβ͡
̩ɽߣǾ弼ǻΪԭεĶ֣ʱͱһβ͸ײ˳ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ȻһһĽ֣ǵĿ궼ΪǸԪˮ˵Ϊ˻ԪˮеҶ
Ψһûֻ˳Ī磬ȻʼռվĪħ޽ǳݡ
Ī鼱֮£ͻȻŽǳݵǳݣ㽫Ǹˮ
ǳһȴҡҡͷָĪ磬зһߴﹾȻ˵ԼǱ㣬һŲܡ
ĪֱţȴҲ޿κΣ֮½ǳΨһֻҶˡ
ѩѾԭΣһֻͳ׵ľβѩ׵ĺëͬĸ𣬾βҲͬŵ׹⣬ϵĹǰĳͬʱֻצ֮ȻԴԴϵðֹŻԪˮĽ䡣
һѩھͬʱԿޣʵ˵Ķ֣ȻһԲϵĳһ֧֧ıųֵһѹѾ𽥳ܲס
ԪˮܽĿ֮пʼһһѷ죬ۿžҪƱˮס
ʱںε۵ֵİͻȻзһĳХľƴͷԾȻƹ̻ס壬Ҳ֮˹ֻ쳤ХεǿĹϵĺݺݻϡ
ε۵ȫװҪʲôҲףŰֻزҪĽΪλʥӵʵҲɲ⣬ʱҶҪɶ١
䣡
һͻȻӰĿֱʣŽľȻһ֣ŷһлȻʵͬʱҲȻη֮ġ
峺ԶׯϣһɫȻڿдεڿţ֮Уһλʮɵľ޴Ӱ֡
һλòׯŮӣɫȹҫۣòɣͷȴһֻǣһһϣ֣ͬȻġ
˲Լֹͬͣ˴򶷣͵֣ȫΧһС
ŮӺȻ覵ĴݷԽ˿ռ䣬죬ֱ˻Ԫˮ֮ǰһץͽԪˮץС
ʱ޵Ȼ˹ΪԪˮı֮һεϵϵͻȻжϣȻֵ״̬˹
ס֣
޵γҪȥץǸԪˮȻŮԭƽ޲ͻȻ⣬ͬȭһ㣬ݺݵĻ޵ϡ
ۣ
һѪ޵ӿ׹䣬صˤˮС
Ů̯ƣԪˮģһ͵Ľ⽫ˮ
̺֮һϼѹˮɼˮڲϵĸı״նָԭ
ͬʱɫԽԽףѾǵֽͷ֮ϵĹľҲȻʧȡ֮Žӡ
ȻٿλͬһŮӣڰ˵һΪ飬Ϊ˾ȳҶȻڲϳš
ģ֮пʼһ˿˿Ѫԭ쳹ؼ֮ҲԽԽСǸǵŮӰҲ𽥵İȥȻԪˮȻû˿Ҫļ
޵ڴˮ˳һô£иֳһ׹⣬ǣһĳ˰
ûг֮УоڿǸŮӺͻԪˮ֮ϣԼȴǸûз֮ûҪȥҪ汻޻УôҲˣҴĿǰĿҪ
޵ĳң˿裬ڰǺ֮ǣһȻҲȫڱصá
Ȼ嵽ߵʱ۽ͻȻһ⣬޼᲻ݵİɱԼ˹


878 ڻ
ҶڻԪˮ֮УΧȫһƬˮ磬һȥͷ
Ȼ֪ԼѾԪˮ˽ȫǿһսϣԸûа취Ӧǰľ棬ֻܾš
ˮװЩˮ̺ŷḻˮϵڳڴ֮۶ɵҶ˵Щ൱õĲƷһѾͨĶʮѨλ͵ͷųԴԴϵӿ塣
ˮҶһƺиУȫˮȻѵõᵽһ˿꣬۾ţúõ˯һ
Ҳ֪뷨ֻһ֮УԼӺԼԼҪ뿪ˮصǵߡ
ҶŬ̧þˮ֮ϣҲƵ
һ꣬ո۳֮һգֵȴƬ֮Ҷĳ˵ڶ죬ڳɹ֪Լˮ֮С
Ҷ׼ĵµʱ֮ϺȻһ¾ҵ𶯣һʹͬʱһѪͻȻü֮Ծ˳
ѪѪһһҶ֪ǲѪѪķҲԼķ
ĿǰҶΪǳأҲ˵ĳѪܹ֮⣬һͬҲ塣
ڴдܳľǸ
Ҷ㲻ʱΪʲôͻȻ֣ҲûĳǾעԼҪʲô
ѪˮУתţתһŨۿɼɫˮʼܣҽϵӿѪ֮С
ˮӿҶȻҲǸͬܣȴ֣ЩˮԼյˮֲͬĸо
ҪʾҶȴ˵ǸоӦȫһˮȴμһ뵤һ볾
ˮԽӿԽ࣬ҶȻԼڻڻһſŵˮûκ谭뵽ˮ֮С
ԼˮˮԼ
ָоʮֵҶʱһУˮ߮
Ҳ֪Լ˶ãֱߺȻһ޵Ҷͣæ
Ƭ֮ٴȻԾеģҶǹ˵ȴˣˮ
ˮʮձ飬ÿһ֮жҪΣԼ·ˮ£ˮҶ˵ȴĸо
ΪðһͷǾƺںԼ˵ʲôˣȻˮ
ˮ˵
ˮˮԣ
ˮ˵κò˼飬ӦֻЩʱĹвŻֵڡ
Ȼ˿̵ҶȴһԼ֪Ŀ϶Ⲣʲô£ʵˮӦĻ˵
ħ޽ǳһںӦû˵ԣΪû࣬˵ԡ
ôˮ˵Ҳͬ⣬Ϊû뵽һ㣬Ҳûˮԡ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬺ȻȻ졣
βˮ˵ڣΪʱڼֲиͨѨβѨͬʱͨˣ
ǰѨĴͨҶԻϲ񣬵ڣȴһص̾ϢΪѨλ̫ͨʱˡ
ţԼܹˮУΪˮ״̬֮£ôԼ϶ջ񣬶ջҲܹˮԣҲܹԼʵͻͽ
ȻڲˣΪ뵽Լǿˣ
ȻǰһҶѾǿգﻹһǰƽǹڿ֮а꣬ҶղŻеʧģɲǼ䰲
ǿ֮ǸɫӤϴ˳ɳѾ֮ܳΪӤҪ֮Ϊӡ
˵Լ֮ʱ䣬Ҳͬ˼
ΧȻһ䣬ҶǴâ֣ƽԺ֮С
վҶԸоһϴʱûеů⣬ů紺̩ͨ
֮⣬ֶ˸䣬гֵķ֮Уǰڣ󣬿ȥ͸һֺΰ׳۵ĸо
β񸮣ԣ첿֮ҲլҲ֮լѾ֣ϲͨβѨ
и֬ҲУԣѨҲů֮Ѿ֣ϲͨѨ
Ȼħû뵽ҶȻܹͬʱͨѨֱѨλ֮ͨʱµ仰񼸺صһ˳


879 
ҶԼǿ뿪֮۾ԼȻڻԪˮ֮УȻһƬˮ磬ȴѾЩˮ֮Ƿ֣ղǿŵ뿪꣬ˮĳԭĺɫɫܹˮ
ҶﶸȻһѵ˵ԼѾɹĽˮ뵽
ǳ֮ӵеĳɾֻ͡ǽ֮ǽؼĸ뵽ͷ֮С
ǣԼľȻǳذ
Ƭ֮ҶȻˣ֮ܽ볾ͷߣԼߵĵ·߾ȫͬԼϵҲûһģԼαؾЩ⣡
ȻԼѾ漣ôٴοһ漣Σ
뵽Ҷ̲סЦЦһյȻѾȫָұ֮ǰҪӵĳ档
Ϊ֤һԼǲѾˮ뵽˷֮УҶ̧һΡ
ΧˮʱۼҶֱΧˮ֯ƣһɵĺһ㣬ȿֺĺҶк
ҶȻһվӹɣԼĳѾɹĽˮ˽ȥ
뿪ɣ

޵ǲɱӾѾԽԽȻȴǸûпһȻȫ߶ǸŮӣҪԪˮ飬ųҶ
䣡
һͻȻɢ˿оòϢ֣Ԫˮ֮Уһˮ𣬶ˮıϣȻһˡ
Ҷ
ҶĿ磬һ۱Ѿڵս֣˵һУʼڿһĻ긫ʱһ⣬һɫĹ켣ֱ޺ݺݵ˹ȥ
޼᲻ݵĽԣ˿ռ䣬Ϣ޵ðļƤ
ܹ׵ĸʧĸͷвη壬ﻹȥǰ嶸Ȼһ˼ĽǶȣת˷Զһߡ
Ҷûмٿػ׷ˮ˰ǰ̧ͷǸɫľ޴ŮӣŰ΢΢һЦһĻ񣿡
԰׵ͬ¶һЦݣޣ
˵꣬˫ڱϣŽڣȻ˲֮ޣҲ֮ɢ
ڣȥҶ磬˫ֽסŲգһȻ׵ľ룬˽ǳݵǰ
һˮӺˮ֮мϣƽƽ̿γһˮҶͽķˮ֮ϣŽǳݵ
ҶָĪһοЦݣȻȻתžλȥ
ҶĴӻԪˮ֮гλѾˣҶǲ֪Ԫˮǿʮ
ԪˮһͨĳҲˮϵʥһھġ
󣬵ȴװĺ֮ˮ޾ΪУһξ֮ˮ
ҲΪʲôҶͰǿʵȴ޷κ𺦵ԭ
ʥͯǼ֮ͭͬԻᱻҶ飬ΪҶǿΪ½껵ľѣɽʥͯľ֮ڲ˹ͭղҶɱʥͯԼ
ˣҶ½ǳ˸мεģ
ԻԪˮû˾֮İֻҪҶûгΪˣȻ޷ٽˡ
Ϊʲô޵Уû֪ˡ
ԣЩ˿ҶȻܴӻԪˮ֮ӳʵǴһԭеηڸû˸ҺҶġ
ҶҲ㣬վ֮ϣעžλڵǸҵĶֻ֣ҪԸ˳ңҿĹһ
ҶǣҶҪΪã
ͬ磬ܵƿأҲ߱ɱ޶ȣ
λˣҲ£ܹаҶ⻯ǰĳԹǱҶң磬һ֧ǿ
Ҷ˵仰ÿ˶һץתҶ仰ĵģѵͲڼӦ㣬պٱ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦԸ˳ңһǩѪģһΥԣҶ֣ǶӦĶ
ƽȵԼ°͵Ҷǵܵأ㵽ɱǷ
Ҷûлش𣬶ֳµĺˮһС

ƽĺˮȻԶ˿¶һ׵ľ޴֣֮УһѰ׻Ķˮ
Ÿ˶ͷ


880 ǩѪ
ǵܵľŸԴھ֮ףΪڵѪʵ̫ҾͲͳˡ
Ҷƽƺ˵һԼص飬Ȼȴÿ˶̲ס˿
Ϲ޺ᣬʵѾ鳾ȻıҶһͷͬʱ˾ſԴ֮¡
ղҶ׼ô󺣷ֿ޾ˮλ֮׵ͷΣþλĸе𺧡
˵ҶھͶ֮䣬׵ĿɽѺʵһ߱
ڳļȫǸ֣ȻܸоĳڵҶǰǿ˲١
Ҳ˵ڻԪˮ֮еҶǵûܵ˺ʲôʵǰԵ
޵Ȼһ⣬һָҶ㣬˾֮ˮ
Ҷɻĵ֮ˮʲôˮװŵĳֱ𣿡
˵ͬʱҶһУڿеǸԪˮȻķɵ֮У
һĻλɫٴδ䣬޵һ֮˫ּæٽӡ
ȻΣӡ֮ɫȴǱòҰһƬΪԭӦƣеԪˮʱʼѾˡ
ԪˮˡҶ
ұ޵ݻԪˮ֮ʱҪӡҶڻԪˮĿҪӵĵӦ֣֮֮ȥ
ˣ޵֪ҶڻԪˮ֮У㲻ǿž֮ˮҲȻļ
Ȼһ֮̾޵˫ϥһڿбֱĳҶȥңޣԸ˳㣡
շԼʲôʸأ
䲻һеıҶɱ˳ٻܼȥ
Ҷ˵ͷޣʶʱΪܣ˳֮Ȼ޵Ϊ޵Ҳ
Ҷ仰£һλĴҲǽ֮Ҷңת֣Ը˳㡣
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޺תֵӣʣµλ˴һ֮󣬲ԼͬҶǰ
Ѿ֪ܵȥع֮⣬ԭʮ֮еľλĸԸĹ˳Ҷ
ȻԸ˳ҶҲðһ˿գҪǩѪǱģΥҵ
Ը⣡
ҶָƣŵѪɳֱ˾λü֮УҶһǵǰŵѪָͷÿ˵дһ·е·۳ɾŸʺġ֣Ѫǩ
Ѫǩһ̣λܵһӴ֮뵽Լڣһ뵽Լ֮С
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ʮϵ·ֱعε۵ٵ޵ǵƽȵңתֵ
ǵĽ֮Ҷ̽ĿͶһλʿģ˵Ǳ㣬ںδ
ȻѾշǣ˵Ѿ׵߽⣬ҶĵȻүүǵˡ
˾ھ˵شŰ֮ĺһ֮С
ҶһǸղҺ֮Ĵ򶷻᲻ὫµĽݻˣ
ղҶҪɱڵʱ˵İΣ
ӦòᡣŵҲǰ˴ڵķõģΪ̣Ӱ·δܽײһǡ
һ˵Ҷʱ̴ȥǣ
˳÷ɽѾԵİµҩҲûʲô󰭣ǿٻ˲֮ޣѡ
ǽǳݱŰ˸ҶھλĴ£ȥ
ΪֹսڽʧȥźӱˮҶ߿˵Ǵȫʤ
˭ҲûҶйźͱˮ䣬ÿ˶ղҶһԲֻǽĪ֡
Īĸоϴ˿˿֪ҶǼͽŽ֯һ
λүүҶĶݣλδ棬ȴʼմҶе
ҶҪǣ⣬ֻٿˣģ᲻仯أ
ĪĿһҶҶûע⵽ԼӵĿ⣬ȴǺȻǰˣʲôĿģ



881 
Ҷ⣬þλԼͬͣ˽Ų˴˶һ֮¶˿Ц֮ɫҡͷˣ˵ʵץ˵ĿģǶû֮
ʲôĿģ
ҶΪ˱ܣţֻΪ˰ռȺڣȻڼʶǿʵ֮ʶԼ뷨Ǵġ
Ⱥǿ÷ɽЩ̫ϳϣҩ֣ҲĵĶ֡
ʵǷΪһȺڶ˴󶯸ɸꡣ
λ˵ĵĿǻ֮е޷ˡ
޿˿ԼļλͬſЦŵ˵Ƴ˳ϵʧ٣ҩ䷽ȻҲʧˣĵ˲ŻץסҺˣΪľǴǵĿбʳϵĵ
ֵҶˣ
ѹ־λΪ£ĶԸҵĿĻ֮κǻĵ飡
ϵ
ȻͿԳϣͬ١
ȷкܶҩʦܶ߶׷һֵҩǴӹŵ񣬴Ҳû˵Ƴ
Ȼǲҩţǹټϳ֮⻹磬ѵͲҩϵĳɾͳ
˲Ǻųܵ
Ƕ޷ƳϵΪʲôƳֵҩأ
˵˵ƳˣҪ֤أ
ܲ˷֮󣬾ͰĿܻɣ
߾ܻ꣬ߴǧ꣬鳾ŶѾǧˣ˵Ȼ㲻ǳأ
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Ҷ˵ı鷴ӦλȻҲ֪ǺԼ뷨һģҡҡͷתǰȥ
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ڱ˵μֽں׵ӴȻ𺳲ѣǶѾΪ΢츮˵Ҷ˵ǰĽ޷΢츮ȡ
Ͼһǰ˵ĴڽɣһȴеĴԼ죬֮Ĳ໹Ǽġ
˿֮Ѿǿһˣǰӳʱɱ˲֮⣬Ͳ˲ӵӣɢɢ
һ˳ͨһΪεĵطҲ֪ﶯ˸ֽţȻһȻ죬¶һȺصš
ȻĶǼΪأǹѺĵطء
ˣ˾ڵ֮Уֻڵ״̬
޵Ļû˵꣬ϴڨڨı飬ҶҲȻΪ˴ǵĿбʳϵĵȻٲ̿
ȻҶ뵽һ⣬ʵĵˣѵ֪꼼𣿡
֪Ҳû꼼ѹǵ꣬ûзʲôΪѲĲϸҪ취
İϧó꼼ĸ֣ܹͨ˵꿴ǵļ;Ӷ֪֪飬Ҵ꿴ģÿʵļ䣬˿١
жûеĻô˵Ĳ֪
Ȼ֪˵Ҳûгϵĵ£ȴȻϷҪ̱ƹΪҶǵĺּ˼֡
Ҷ˳÷ɽȥɣʱ档
һ飬Ȼû飬ȥҲﲻʲôæ
Ҷһסŵ֣
Ҷǰµ˵֮С
Ѿ׼ǵҶֱ𱻹η֮е˵֮֮϶ʱһҵĽʹһͷԵڵء
ˣѾһϢĿȫǣĥȫˡ
Ƭ֮˼ͬʱ⣬ˣҶֱӳ嵽ǰ
Ѿʶģ״̬Ҷĵû˿ķӦ
²壬˺ۣҶݶҧĿ֨죬Լ£ϣĽ
壬ƮƮļѾû˿ķҶۿ̲סһ죬ʱᶯһ£з߽ͬĺ첻Ҷ硭
΢֣ҶĶȴһֱֱ
ڱץ⼸ʱҶ֧ŻȥĶԼȴֱų֡
ԲܿˣҶˣʹ뿪
ҶĶСĵ
Ȼһۻ˺۵¶һǳǳЦݡ
Ҷһҧ߳˵Σ


882 ͻ
Ҷ˷ֱ˴ӵ֮߳Χڵοڵ˶Ծ˿λۿ죬ɫҶŵ纮һŲӾܵˡ
ȻǲûвƹϾǹȥĵˣڵҲѲ˹ϵ
Ҷ˵Ҷһǹ˳ܿǴŭֱ֮ɱǡ
ĪڼʱѾ̲ס䡣
ҶĽŵ˵ϣȻѩ衭
Ҷ˵꣬ѩѾͷ˹ַɫĹâӵǿ֮ľϵϢĽ
ѩΪƵʱ䣬Ҷߵ̰˵ǰǵƱҪأȻ˳Ѿιµҩ÷ɽҲǿнҩЧȴûá
ҶԿĳǵ˲ϣ궼ܵ˼˺ܲκȫδ֪
ѩľϵʱ֮ãɫ԰׵ջԼҡҡͷУ˵̫ˣҵҶ磬Ҳԡ
ңҶһ㶣ȫΪʲôѩ˵Լܹ
ǵģϴ㴵滹бҪǿĶľϵ
غ쳾
ҶȻ׹
ȻԼϣ֮º֮£ǻĲ֪ӾȻӵкѩһ
ԣ
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ľˣղҩЧƣȴҶ֮š
Ϊڶ֮УԲûע⵽˵󣬱ҶѪ֮æȴǺȻ˫ֱͷʹĶ˵ϣͷ֮ϣȻֳһѪɫ·Ѷ£ֱȫ塣
Ѫϵӡ
ӡ֮⣬Ҷ֮ɢǹǿɫľϵҲ֮ͬϣ𽥵ѪӡƺֹȻ뵽˽ŵ״̬֮С
ʱҶ˸߳ľϵȻҲ֮׳лһЩˮϵ
̹ΪΪֹâۺһ𣬾ͬԵصʿһʼȲǰɫӡڿʼֵסڽڰˡ
ڽսľ޴ʹѾһţһһİƴСʥޱͷεð
ǳʮ֮ЩĳͷܹʮɢǵֿĪʹࡣ
Ƭ֮ʮͻȻβһųһԲΣʢĹâȻһ͸ص
̫ѹҶ˶״̬оѹҶҲǶȻΪ֮һ͡
ȻĿ⿴ϵʱ˫֮ͻȻ˶Ŀĵ⣬ӿٴԴԴϵĴĿУ˳ȥ
ʱ˿̣鲼ȫѪӡȻѾľϵˮϵϷĹԽԽ٣ֻʣͷ֮ϻһȦѡ
ҶȻʶˣغ쳾ƺӵܹѪӡ
ĻܹѪеͽͳͳͷųǲѪĥ֮ࡣ
ҶһޱĽԼȫǵصͷ˳ȥ
ĿֻҪˣȻû뵽ȻܹѪӡĹܣû뵽ǣԼȫľԽԽʱ򣬴֮оȻ˼Źâ
ӯӯ׹֮Уѩ軯˾βѩԭΣ˿Уü֮бһɫͬӡһıǡ
˫۽յĪ磬ͷ֮ϸֳһŽ⣬âȻǿңȴ޷â֮еΡ
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غ쳾֮ǿԶԶԼڲϵ˺ѾȬĪ˵ľ羹Ȼõ
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˳ԴӵõƵȫΪ֮ѾӳһԾ˳ҵ˫棬ճ˵زҪ൱ʱģȻû뵽ڡغ쳾ǿĴ߶֮£ȻҲĻԵ
ӳһֱأ⻹㣬˶ܸܵĳ˳ͷ֮ϵźཻĻͷųԲǳܴﵽģǳأ
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ͻȥĻԼҲ޷ġ
ҶԥڰУ΢΢һЦ㻹кܶҪæʱͲҪȥˣȥˣ˸ɵ֮⣬Ҳûʲôã㲻ҪҰæĻԸ⻤λתҶҡ
΢һ֮ҶͷãǾ鷳ˣ硢Ǻͳ֮⣬ˣȸתҶҡ
ҶİţȻû飬Ǿ÷ɽ񣬴žλҶңҶĪ硢˳ֻ޼ں
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λ˾嶼ɸʲô񣬻УƽʱθϵνھĶ͵磿
ҶҪ˽ϵķҳжϵȻĻһģպܿٴһµġ
λһۺ޵ڵ˵ԼȥҲܺ˶ϻ


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һ仰˵˶űɫҶĻǽԶĻΪһˡ
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ҶΪֹûпǵ뿪⣬ֻǸоǳ棬ĥܹߣԼҪǿĪǽ뵽УһҲ԰ȫࡣ
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𿴻ֻǻеȴޱ޼һҶ˿վڻߵɽĶĿԶȻһۿͷ
ôϵأѵﻹʲôεĵط󷨲ɣ
˰죬ҶҲûʲôĵطɴɵ˿Уһ߷Уһ߽ԼʶͷŶ̽硣
ɳȥ˽ǧ֮ͻȻ׻һ㣬һȻͻأͣ˿У˫֮ӿֳžĵ⣬Ķһ
һƬȺɽƵˮ̶̶ï񡢹ľ죬صĲݷˮ̶ߣһԴ
ʵ֮пһطǵȷԴǻе磬֮оȻй˾סĲݷʵ̫˼ˣ
ѵ˵е磬Ȼסˣ
лعҶԥƬ֮ڼӿԼٶȣһԴ˹ȥ
ҶͬһëһƮƮˮ̶ıϣŽߵݣϢĽԼʶ˳ȥ


885 Ů
Ҷʶ̼㸲ȺɽƵͬһɾƬ֮Ҷջʶû˿ϢӦֻӣ˾ס
Ȼ͵ҶոշʱͻȻһͬĵ𣺡˭𣿡
ůͣȴʵʵҶһĶڿеת򣬿Լ
ȻվһŮ
ŮͲӦֻʮ֮꣬͸һЩδѵ˫۳Ĵڿȫ䱸Ҷ
Ůĳ࣬Ҷ΢΢һ죬Լĵʵе̫СˣһСﾹȻܹԼų⸱УǴȥԼﻹ˰
ʵҲܹҶһеҶʶѾȫӦκϢ£ͻȻһСŮͬһĳ󣬻˭Ҳñһ
ҶʵԻ鳾ĸ֣ȻȴϢվԼûһ޷飡
˵ϢҶȻַһ£ǴŮϣԼȻԾɸܲ˿Ϣ۾ۿԷվԼǰҪɣԷһӰ
࣬࣬ɽľʵϢĴڣֻ٣κϢֻһ֣Ǿ
ֻˣޣֲǵϲᴫ˿Ϣ
ǰŮǻվһ˫Ĵ۾ĶҶܹմϰϵ
ô˵Էض൱Ź֣ҶȻӿľȴûм˿ȫƴ˫֮ٴγֵ⣬ĶСŮ
СŮϺȻ¶һЦݵعǲͬ㵽˭
仰Ҷ͵һѵ˵ŮعͬϵĹؼ
ĵ˿ҶԼ󿪿ڵҽҶ˭
ҶСŮظһ֮ϵЦݺȻÿҽʣ
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֪СŮ֣Ҷûκε壬ʵʹһֱ𣿡
ʵͷʮȻſ˫۵ǰҵļңҶΪ˺ϵİɣ˵ʲôҿ԰ת档
ԼµĹȻûʵСŮȻľǺϵĹؼҶȻ̲סһܺϵ
ٴεͷȻˣȻô
ܸңôϵ𣿻УжϵĻûʲô취
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ôŵ۵˵仰Ҷ̲סоһֲֻ̣ɱŮж˺ϵĻԼ²֡
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ҶüͷʵĻ˲Ծĵط۾֮ǰأ
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Ҷ׺ͿˣֺʵĽȻ⣬ŮԼȴһˮ
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ȻȴʧˣΪվ۾һͬʱԼΧĿȻû˿
ҶһĸоԼ֮⣬ܵľǰʶȻֻһֹĻ
ҶѾȫɻʱͻȻ𶯣ɽˮХƬ缴һ㣬ʵͷ֮ϻȻһ⣬â֮УһɫӰ֡
֮УƻãӰĿǵӰɽΡȻΣټܣͬհӲԵĹâҶоȻһɲ֮⡣
ˣ
ˣ


886 ֮
ʵòˣҶҪȥĤݵĳ嶯ָоҶİţʱ򣬶ĸоΪʵ༫Ȼġ
ҶѾԻɱ鳾ĸ֣Ȼ˵ǰȴٴָоҲʶԼĹڼˣ˺ԼЩ֮Ĳ࣬ͬ޷Խĺ蹵һ
ԼҪԿˣҪߵ·кܳܳ
䣡
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˺ҲڿҶһ˾ĶţƬ֮ڿˣǺӴض¡¡죺ҶһεѪ֮ȷʵе㱾£ΪƾѪͿԶԿǣ̫ˣˣѪġ
ʵɱ㣬磬ͬɱһֻһ練ƣЩҪõĶ࣬ǸᣬֻҪҵϵĵ΢츮սʣǾͿԷŹ硣
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һݱҶֱײҶھһŻȼһڵϸȻ޷вϵѪ
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еɫҶǾ費ѣΪȻ֣û˿ϢСŮӵеʵƺҪԶԶԼ
Ҷڰ֣ܾʵĲԼҧӵ𣬱ɽڶʵʣ㵽˭
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һ˫޹Ĵ۾Ҿʰˣղ˸ңԺߡ
Ҷʿ˰Σʵڷֱ治Լʲô֪ڹƭԼֻܿЦŷ׷ʵãȴ뿪ȥʵɣ
ȻȴҡҡͷУҲ뿪ҵļң뿪Ҿͻģ
ôҵߣҲһֱ簡
԰Ҵ߰
Ҷֻͷ綷Լ֮ĹͨǺܳ⣬뿪磬Լôܽߣ
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷһ⣬ѿڶ
һƽĵͷǰҾ⸱Ҿʣ
ҶˣʵͬҶͬ𻢻һĴڣҲһּΪĴڣˣĳһĶ
˵ҶѪ꣬ôʾ꣬˵۾統Уոճ֣֪Լ˻ʲô
飡
ͨʻּΪĴڣǺ;֮ϵ
ˣһὫߣڣ鷳㽫ͳȥɣ
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ӦòٽˣΪûʲôҪϵ
Ҷ仰˵꣬ʵϺȻԵһ˿ʧ飬Ҷ΢΢һϣҺ˳ϵ
ҡҡͷֻϣܹ˵˵壬뿪
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887 ͳ
εˣڿһţҶͳ˵ϣһؿڣǹѪ԰׵ȴһЦݡ
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Ҷ˰˰֣ҧվͷǽϵĻȻֽժ£յ˿ռ䳾֮кҡҡλε߳󷨣˵ǰ
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ȴҶͷѹһľʯΪ֪˲ŻԼ硣
΢츮սԼ͸ǣǳϵ翵ĶĴ
Ϊʲô˶ڳϵ˳ԣѵҲ
Ҷľ˹Ȼ棬˵ʵȻҲǸе˿־壬Ҷǳ֮֮ǿĴˣסһ˿Ĺ֪ˣ϶ֱӱˡ
ˣĵڸһˣǸϽүүǻתҶңҽ´Ҳ̸ϻȥ
ڻֵ֮𣬰÷ɽ񣬴žλԼ˳ʱ뿪Ҷ˳żͷ޼֮С
ڴ֮ǰҶҪȽڵԴڻԪˮ֮Уˮ˳֮ԼĿǰҲúܽһ¡
˸յķ䣬ǵ⻤ҶԱĿһڵĵرƣһ߲鿴Լڵ
ԼѾͨ˶ʮ߸ѨλÿͨѨλͻͷųһȻβ;ѨλĴͨȴǲû˳֣Ҷе֣ȴҲûж룬Լľ籾Ѿ㹻ҵģֻҲʹѪ֮зĳԼ֪ı仯
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֮⣬г߸Ҫ鳾ͱҪÿֱ벻ͬԡ
̶˵ȽףǶҶ˵ȴ൱ѡ
ΪߣǵֻԣôֻҪԷֱ볾ͷ֮мɣȻҶȴžԣŵָҶԼ뷨ϣԷֱ뵽ͷ֮С
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ε̾˿ҶֻʱΪԼѡѨλ˵ĺ˵ϢϢأУβµڣ͹ԪѨ
ѨĴͨѾҶǿͷԶܹӵһ̬壬Ҳͬǳ˿
ԼʱˣҶ뵽ΪԼĶţ֪ںӱˮôˡ
ͻȻҶһԼԴôˣҿԸ֪
ҶǰеķʽΪֵܵģԻ껻Ľݷʽܹñ˴֮ܵԷĴ
һ˿Ҷ֮УֻҪܹͨ˿꣬Ӧܹ֪ڴ
ҶæŽ̸ĸӦ֮ȥ׽ŵ״̬
һ֮ҶȻԸԳĸ֪ŵ꣬Ȼ֣ʱʱٿ֤ڿ϶ţ
֣Ҷ˲٣۾³һ磬ңʮ꣬ʮʱ䣬ֵٴط꣡
Ҷվƿ˳ȥſڵȴԼˣ΢΢һЦλڼĿ꣬鵺ΣҪҲ׽ˣ·;ңԶΪ˲λУλȥһõط


888 ּ
κ֮УҶļҪ˾ȳ֮⣬Ҫҵ溣ţҶǰ鵺ҽ顣
ֻгжϻ죬ϵҶܹ뿪磬Żͬ˽飬ǰ鵺һС
鵺ȸ½̫ԶȫеĻµʱܵҶԭȱӹȵλóԼĹƣµʱҲ㹻ˡ
Ҷһڿзţ鲽ƮƮɣͥɢһ⵽˼㣬ʵľȴǱŸ߶Ƚŵ״̬
Դ뿪׽֮ʶͬһŴһ˳ȥ˷Բ֮ڵĺ򣬲ƶŴҲڲϵǰ
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Ҷ޸Ƽһ˳źˮƯȻǼΪңҲκεط֣Ҷͳǰ鵺;УܷҶ
ĪˣѾ͵˻磬Ϊ粻㣬УҼΪȫҶʲô£ֻҪ𻵣ǾͲκεΣգȻǵĽ룬Ҳʡ
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ҶڵʵȻ޷ռ֮ţȫ֮£ĸֶδܹټ˵Щͨϰˣ˶ֻǾһ΢紵ûзκε
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Ҷĵͷĵڼ𣿡
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һ仰ʱͽɸʳˣϵıҲ˲̣۾ȴ˵
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ջʶҶɵɣѵ㻹𣿵׷ʲô£ңһ
ڣɻعȴȻǸı飬Ҷ֮ԭԭĽһ顣
ڴǰʱ򣬷͵ĸ֮Уһҹ֮ͻȻһ죬˷ͨͨķҶװļΪ
ǴӺðĵ죬Ȼ˵ע⣬ȴҲ⿿ֻԶԶĿš
Ȼʱȴһââ֮һλʿ˵ǰЦݵѯʵǷһλߡ
ôҶʱ뵽ˣλȥͬһӵޱ߷ĵʿܾܿҶѡ
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ʿɺ˼֮󣬾͵Ŀġ
ĸ֮Ҷ鷳ת˵ҪҵĻŷ͵һ·Ͼҵ
⣬ĶӺΪԵ뽫Ϊӣߣϵ
ڵʦĵһλȻʮָˣΪܹҶæ˵Ǽҵ£ǵڶλȴȲѡ
˵ôĵʿܹԼĶӣΪǺ£ԼѾûмͷˣӸŵʿˣⱲӸټ֮գе㲻Ը⡣
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һˣȻᱻҶأϧԻƭɣҪߣζһ벻ͨ顣
ЩɻҶַһ֮ǰһ̫С˷ͨͨķҶͬһ㣬ʮֵĿ
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ڴ֮ǰ·ǺɫγɣûɫȻЩ·ȴɫȻǸĶͬҲѿҶӦľԵ·
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Ҷһ˷ҶϿգ䣬Ǵһ㱡Ĥһ׵Ĵ͸˽ƣвһϲԼ뵽İ취ȻС
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Ҷ䱸һʱ򣬵̰֮ȻһЦʣʰҶȻ鴫ҪԱҶֵԣ΢ĩУֻʩչ⼸֮ҶּЦˡ
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ܶԷ̽Ǳ⣬ûб¶֮ǰҶȻҲԵ̬ȶԴ΢ЦΪҶˣǱ˶ĽѾãȻ㣬ͨ󡣡
Ҷ֣ǾͲҪﻥവˣѾ裬ȴҶֵ룡
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ŲԾȺ̧ͷҶ¶ϲ֮ɫæǰҪ¹򣬶Ҷһѽס񡣡
ԾȺǵͨ죬ҲδܹȥֻܼĵҶǰ
ҶͷļЦŵһǰȥ͵ɣʮֹ㣬ôϰϰߣʲôϰߵĵطɸҡ
Ҷʮƽȴǰ𾪣ΪԾȺԼϴμ֮ʱ仯ʵ̫ˣ
ԾȺֻһ߶㲻ϵͨˣڣھȻ棬Ǵﵽӡصľ磬ȻӦǷҶĹ͡
Լ֮⣬ҶУΨͽɵٶܺԾȺˣ˺ˣԾȺȴͨˣûܹ赲ʶı֮
⣬ҶЩҲǿ׻ҪԾȺκβ׵ĵطԸԼԼ϶ġ
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ҶԲţΪԼǰ͵ֻʱ⣬Էóô㲻Լأ
ȻԷ˵֪Ҷֻ֪ܵҶڲ֮һϲͨ޶Ҳָ㣬˵˵صĿ֮ǰһΪҪԾȺߣһΣ֮أ
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֮ȫԺͻϡ
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ҳó֮⣬Ҳù󣬽ָľ䣬д֮ˣҶֵкüλǣһλΪҫۣû´ĻӦҶֵľʦ

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ҶҲ飬ܱѵˣֻҪѣϧȻҲܲѵıѡ
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ҶǷЦ֣ҿû֮ȻĻĳɾͱض֮ϣȻֵˣҲʵʵ˵֮Ҫ˰Ҷ֣ԭܼ򵥣ϣܹһһڿһ׬ˡ
仰һ˵꣬Ҷ˵Ƕˡ
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ҶеԹ޵Ŀ˳һۣεĵͷãҾȸһƽ֮İ취
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һ˵ֻԱҪҵ֮ˣȻһһóһ֣֮ţȽ֮ھأţ֮˾ʱһ޼䣬ؼûˣ֮ɽ⣡


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Ҳ˵Ҷͣƺʦ˶ԶʦʧѾǧ꣬ʧǰҶ϶Ѿʦˣ˭뵽ҶȻҲѾǧ֮ã
£Ҷ˵жڷҶ̶˼𾴣
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ҶٴγĬƬ̺ҲȷǷ񻹻ţÿֻԣһԱضΪǧδϣȴʼ޷͸ʾҲ֪Ҫƽ֮࣬ҵǼ̳²ĴˣǷֿ֮ʱûҵˡ
ҶиոȼϣΪҶⷬٴϨҶβ͸ʦ֮գԼҪȥ
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Ȼ˳ûش𣬵ȴѾԼ뷨ΪҶĪ磬ûʲôܸģ
ѵͲҶ㣿
£ҲҪ
˳ȻĿоһʵԾȺĵҪɱѵ㲻
ҪˣҵȻԼܹȥҸҪ̳²
˳ͷҶǴˣ򵥵ļԻ֮˫Ѿ˱˴˵뷨
һΪ˱Ҷ±ҶޣҲϧҪɱԾȺһΪԼܻںԼӵ
ҶʦʦȻΪˣʵ̫Զˣ
Ҷһۺ˳ڿˣҶղŶðˡ˵㲻֮Ǵ˵Ұﲻ㣬ҲԹ۵ġ
Ҷ΢΢һҲعͷǰҶ˵ĶԣʲôطҿЧģ
ҶĿ˳һۺЦŵڻżȵҶֶɹԼĽ֮˵ҾҶֲĻԸһ֮㹲ͬǰȥ֮ء
ôҵҶæֵΪָԽѾǸмˣ֮£⣬鷳
Ҷ֣˵֮࣬ҸûнٲҳĻҲָҶְæˣǾʹ˱ɣ
ҶһȻ˳΢΢һЦҶҲǴӦҲԸһ޷뿴û٣ܵĻŻæܵĻô˵Ҳûá
˳ôһѣҶʱȻԭҶǲԼ
ҶֻεͷðɣǾͷҶˣһǲôʾһ£ƶϳʦĿǰڵķ򣬴


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Ҷ˫Ŀ֮жȻһ⣬ҶҶ֣Կѵİ취
Ҷͷ˼ڵ֮⣬Ҳ֪ʦΪйݣҺҹϵǳˣҲҪҵʬǣǽӴ
ݣҶʵ
ȻҶȴֻ΢΢һЦ˵Ϊ׼ʦʧ֮ǰµԾ֣Լ֮߷Ҷ
Ҷǲ׼ش𣬷ҶҲͲ׷ʣ̾˿˵ҶûҪȥʦ֣ҶֵΪ岻ѣȻˣҾ͸Ҷһ
Ҷͳһ̵ݵҶϡ
ŰԵİ˸֣Ǭңֱָ˸λһõĶ
пռ̣ܹ֮Ϊָ򣬲ֻǴµķ򣬽ΪοΪ֮б̫ࡣ
ռ̵Ҷϲ񣬵ſе֪йյ󣬶վһη壬˿ռ̵Ļ൱һָ룬ٲõĻʧˡ
ʹ÷ܼ򵥣ҶӦû޷ռ֮ţҽ͵꾡Ҳûʲôãȵܹ̻·򿪿ռ֮ŵʱ򣬽̣֪ʹˣʦڵλþǿָ򡣡
ƾҶܲõĽƣҶѾ³Ҷľ϶鳾ϣʦʦܣ㲻ţҲ̫ԶһۿҶĿǰ޷̻·
ҶĵлҾȴлˡ
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ռ֣صպ֮ҶԷҶûʲôµĻǼ̶ɣ
ãҪȥʲôط
طһǻ鵺һ溣ţֻ溣ŵľλҲ֪ģ˵𣿡
溣ţҶü˼Ƭ̵û˵ҿԲһԡ
˵䣬ҶѾͳһɫĹǺöͭǮͭǮ˹֮Уҡͬʱ˫΢գ䶯дʡ
֮һŽ⣬ҶȴǶʱоһ޵Ʈ֮˷۶һݣӦǷҶԵĹյ֮
ҶڵʵҲ޷ֻܸ֪֮ѣǿҶӣȻͿ
г״Ԫò˵ҶĲ֮ȷ鴫
ŷҶĿзһ߳صĽǷ˵ϣʽ֮УͭǮȻƯ˳ڿ֮ͣãȻء

Ҷ۾ĿнŵһöͭǮƬ̺һЦˣ溣źͻ鵺Ȼǧ˿ƵϵҶֵ˻鵺Ȼ֪й溣ŵ£
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溣ŵΪշҶû뵽ɻ;ʲôϵͬҶ˵µĻʹܾܿǻ鵺ǻˡ
㵽ǵأ
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ҶȻǷҶȻܹͬʻֻһԲٿطҶǰķ˸뿪ʹڵϣŻ鵺ķƯȥ
µʱȥ鵺ѾңңҶͣҶ֣ǵɣ
ҶЦЦĿ˵鵺Ѿ鲼أҵ֮ʱٻһǵѵͲ֮𣿡
ͨµദҶͷҶ֮ĹϵҲ֪λʿ˳˲Ը֮⣬صǵСҲΪʲôʼղȥѰʦԭ
ˣҶŻû٩
ȻҶȴǲΪЦŵҶֵĽѣҿ˿ϵûУʲôúµģ˵һ鵺ѵ˵ң
ҶʱȻϼһ϶ΪԼˣȷԼǲκΣյ£Ż˴󷽵ҪԼϵ
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ҶҲͲƴǣͷ˵õʱ򣬷ҶɫȴǶȻһףдˣӦǻ鵺ˣǣô֪أȻǾšԣԣΣҶ԰꣬ٲһԡ
ڷҶֳǰҪΪҶǿЦãΪһλѾﵽ鳾űĳ֣ĵС
ҶȻҲȥԣԼʶŻ鵺ķӶȥ
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Ҷ͵˳׿⣬ӿʺǿڷѪ


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ҶĻҶĶ𣺡㲻֪ԾĴȻȴ·̻ľܹ֮赲һʶ̽һ𹥻
ҶȻת˷ҶȻʱķҶȴüͷ˫ĿֱֱĶǰöͭǮȻȫվ
ȻҶԣҲܿȻΪס˿ڵĳ嶯´ŵҶֻܵһԡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ҶҡҡͷһУͭǮ͹ɫصѵû⣬ⲻܰҲûʲôܵģҶĺúõģûҲ²ҶĴ֮Դ
˵֮󣬷Ҷ̧ͷҶҶ֣ң޷ףҲϵˡ
ҶʵЦԷǣεҡҡͷû£ղ˵˭ôҵĴ֮ԴУô£
ȻϵЩҿ϶Ҫ㣬Ҳи׼ܼΣա
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ҶͲָԼԵͷ˵
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ڣҶҲеŷҶ˵ԼĴˣҲԼľҪɥڻ鵺ˣ
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ҹִβȫȻ̣խûκΦ˷緫һ鲻֪ʲôƤܸǡ
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ͷ׷ڿ趯˵նɽƻ񣬴޾ѹȸС
ҶĿ磬һۿԷľﵽ˳أǻ鵺Լһ
Լȥģڿ»ĻᱻԷסڡ
ҶЦЦ߿ʯͬʱһ˵ǰ嫺һӿɲǼݻ˶ԷⲼµĳơ
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֣ףߵֱӽóգһ
Ҷ֣ף˳磡
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ҶЦõͬʱȴҲ֪Ҷµľλڵĵһ泤գǻ˵ĻôԼҲͬҪ׼Ĺ
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Ƭ֮˫֮ڻָɣҶĿȻҲûǰưϢԼͷųѹϴһ˿η·ۣ֮ǰӭҶ֡
ȻѾҶҲǼþգ΢΢һЦͷˣֻǲ֪λ
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ᵽ泤֣ϵ˿ηʱԺȡ嶼ֱͦѾ͸߾磬ƣ˵Ķӡ
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仰Ҳʲô˼Ҷȴʮ泤տ϶ǰ˻죡
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ҶӦͻȻ⡱һ£Ϊ֣վԼǰĽȻμûб仯ǻ͸¶Ϣȴȫˣ
ϢԼ˵ҲİԼ½껵ʱ򣬾͸оƵϢ
ʥͯϢ


897 ʦ
ڽϣҶȻܵʥͯϢһͬʱʶҲѾϢɨ˽ڡ
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Ȼ͸֤ҶĸоĽѾǵĽˣڵ֪ǳʲôԭ򣬾ȻĳΪʥͯ
ȻҶ𺳵˼㣬ȴû˿ı¶һ֮ͬЦŵ֣þò̫ˡ
糣ƺûвҶԼģҶļǰһ꣬ҶҿĽҶ֣ϵһɣ
ŵȥҶһͷȻַۺҾ֪ʲôʱȻѾϢʧˣ
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һʯ̳ɵС·ǰнҶһߺͽ죬һȴѾʶͬһŴһ˷ȥ
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ʮ߸˴죬նվɽ졣
ȻҲʵĸףҪǿĶ࣬Щ죬ŶȻҲʲôͨĳǺͻԪˮһ
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Ҷ岻ɽ֮⣬ܲͬһսףԼϡ
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ҶѾԼˣڰĹʵϾڱ˶Ŀʶ֮£Ժڰ֮۳ɸӰ
㱻ɢ˲Ϣܻ֮ԭܵ˺Ҫ볹ƽ⣬ΨԻ߹ɢ
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899 ٻһ
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ȻҶȴôŹҫ۵Ĺâͬһһ㣬ٶȾȻ쵽˼㣬ֱ׷
ڣͬһӿҪ赲סҶȫ֣²ǹϵںڰĿƣ̺ǿҲһ˿赲ġ
ֱ֮룬ݿһ㣬׵ĽоޣۿҪ嵽ʱͻȻһȴһ˻ɫĴճ֣ס˹
һƬ𣬾ǺͰ׹ͥһ˺׶ɫ
ҶӦŻɫĴ˴棬۳һɣʱùȥ
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Ȼ긫ûܶԴ˿˺ǻԪˮ֮еˮȴѾͷųĻȫϨ
Цһ˼ԭ㾹ȻҲһˮϵԿ
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Ҷڻ֮Уͷ֮ϸֳǸˮԵĳ֮ӿһٲס壬ʱͻ˿
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Ⱪ۾ͷųޱߺݷܹٻһеĻǰڣɢ޷赲
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ȻСɽ죬ѾۻޣսһҲʧЧˣ
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Ҷеʧȥĵʱ򣬺ɫͻȻ˷ӿɫƹۼ˻鵺Ͽգ
Щƣƺͽ͸һ˿ɻȻҶľѾǻĲ֪Ī֮࣬Լʱֵ֮ܳ
ҶڿƵһȴٴλָӿһɿϲû뵽Լһο٣ĸл졣
ΪҶͬ˵ֻҪܹ٣ôټ˻˫ɱ֣֮ʵȴɱһԼҲܹѰҳһ·
ƣѹѹڱգ֮ѾǵһУȻ١
ҶһһУԪˮͷԼˮ֮УӴˮӿٶȣҪԼŵһ̣
ͬʱѾӵ˾鵺֮ңķҶеƣ˫ּó˽ɫǺͭǮ֮Ŀʼԡ

öͭǮӹ֮ԾȻֱزͬεͭǮȻڿеתٶȿ쵽˼¡
ҶɫɲǼ˫ĶתѵͭǮͻȻۡ촫öͭǮȻ촷ۣƮɢ˿У


900 ռ
պڳݷҪһ㣬ǲϺľ׺ʱʱȻ磬Ƶӿ˲õԤУ
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ƶͻȻֵѾģȻĿǰѾռϷ磬ֻҪٴ߶Ƭ̣ܽҶճɻҽΪ˱ٳκ⣬ʤ׷һҶ
ƵĴһӣԭ鵺ܵǾŸ˴֮˰εض𣬺Ȼ뵽˰ΧҶǾŸ˴֮С
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ԪˮҶʱ뵽⣬ΪˮļʮԼȻȫҲ޷ݻ٣ôҲֵܹס档
ʵҶ֪ǻԪˮʮ˸˴죬˵ʵơ
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Ѿǵ٣֮ԶʤǰΣˮ֮⣬죬ԼƬҲ޷֧š
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ƾȻҲ˶֣һʽֱ𹥻Ҷơ
ڻۿҪ嵽Ʊʱͬսİ಻ϵһĥ̴Сľ޴Ȼ
䣡
񷢳һҵУ޷ֵ̼֮ͱĻҷ𣬶䣬ĿڻԪˮ֮еҶ
ײôҲǸͬܣһɽصϣſھһѪҲһʯͷһԼٿصʮ˸˴֮˹ȥ
ͬʱڻԪˮ֮еҶҲ˳µ裬ž죬ĵµǧӴֱ̱ޡ
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ͬһ㣬𵴣ҡΣˮĥ̴С
ͬҶʮ˸˴죬ԼڣȫķΧ֮С
⣬⣬ˮ⣬ҳһţϳһ춯ص𺳻档
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ռ侹Ȼ޷ײʼ֮гһ޴ĺѷ죬գ
ÿѷ֮жһɾ޴ʮѷе۳һɣȻӲ˺֮谭γһ޴ĺڶ
Ҷƣͬʮ˸˴ڣ޷ܺڶ֮дľ޴ı֮С


901 
Ҷ˫Ŀ͵ĿŻ鵺ϿճֵǸ޴ĺڶͷųΧһУǲʯͷ߿飬ˮȫ˽ȥǾͬĩհ־塣
˽ʱڶŽıΧĿռѹʼСֱȫʧ
źڶʧǺڳҲɢ˿̫¶˳̿ϴƣǰĩհľͬһһ
ҶγѰ㣬ΰεضڿмȻѾٹľ룬˻鵺ϡ
ڵĻ鵺Ѿ˷棬һصĶԫбڣ˵ڵϵľ֮⣬û˿ļ
ˣˣҶ߽ͬһţԭ˫ɱ֮еһָľգֻղҶԼģײģлܻų𣿡
ҶҶھǻأ
Ҷվڻ鵺ϿգȻĸп֮εҡҡͷת뿪ˡ

Ҷɼı˺ڰ֮УΧʲôɸֻ֪ĺڰޱߵļž
ڶ֮⣬ʮ˸˴һ˽һ˵ı˽žƣҲδӹǿֲ
飡
Ҳ֪ﴫĿֲײصҶ඼Ϊ֮ѡ
˲ЩصĿ֮вϳֵһѷ죡
ΪⲢͨ·գﲢȶټϲϱĸֶײվȻʼѣһɫʹĹâӷ϶֮ͶΪڰƽ
ҶļǵŵҸ棬ĺһжΪУԼȻҲ⣬ԣԼҪճױ֮ǰ뿪
˵򵥣ȴǼѡ
֮иָѾҳһƬ˵뿪ˣҪȶζҶ˾޸ĸƼһϵڸƼ֮´ת
ʱһѪɫĴ챻ƵҶߣҶּۿ죬һץסˣǿס塣
ȻûкתøΣտʼҵ𶯣˵ϾҪ̮ٲ뿪ĻĻữΪС
ֹҶͬеƺͽɫҰףǽ֣̿ͲϵţȻʦȣΪ֮лҵ޷˿
ȻƵߴһȻ죬Ǵȷ˱ƬըһɻԵΪ˺ƣһ˿޷ѾЩƬʧˡ
Ҷһݣ̧ͷǸԪˮʱ⣬ǰԼڻԪˮ֮жʮ˸˴ĻգôԼٶˮܷյıأ
Ȼ֪Բ󣬵Ǵʱ˿̣Ҷû·ѡֻðһˡ
ҶһУǿӲʱɢΧҵ뵽˻Ԫˮ֮УʱһԶд
Ҷ׼˳ˮʱתͷ֮Ưʮ߸˴죬һҧٴӿˮ˲Ӵʮ߸˴ȫյˮ֮С
䣡
ͻȻһ촫ڣƬճܵﵽ˼ޣˡ
շ飬ǻԵģЩʯ̻촷ۣ׷
ɫҰףͻȻ˫һţͬһܳ˼׵ľ룬һһͨķ϶϶֮ɢǿҵİ׹⣬ܽ϶֮С
Ҷٵһҧʹеһ˴죬˻Ԫˮ֮С
ڣֻϣΪĻԪˮܹԼһ٣
յ˻ԪˮĸȻһ̣Ԫˮ֮ϣȴͻȻðһźâһƬĻӲĶסһռ䣡
䣡
ڻԪˮ֮еҶԼɢǿҺʮ˸˴ͷ޾֮ˮܹоһǿݺݵײŻԪˮ̫ԵԼûм֮岻ϵˮ֮ײײȥ
ײ֮£Ƭ̹ҶʶͿʼģˣĹͷɢ˼һģȻҧأԼĻԹȥΪʱĻԣܾܿҲ޷ѹˡ
飡
ڣһɾ޴ԪˮҲ޷סռ䣬յĳݺݵײ˳ȥ
ǹɿֲͨԪˮͬҶϣһͬ˺Ѱʹ࣬ҶĿзһŭ𣬺ݺݵҧԼͷ
ɬѪҶڣһ˿ǣججĲ֪˶ãͻȻָƽ


902 Ѫ
ָƽ
ͷðҶǻجҲ𽥵Ļָѡ
Լʶû
ȻȻͬɢһʹǷԼȻţҶϲ
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Ƭ̹֮ҶһϤˮڻԪˮڲ洫ġ
֮ǲˮģǾ˵ԼѾɹ뿪գ
ϲҶסˣֱԼȬ»ָ֮վ
Ҷȴӿռ䳾֮ȡǸɽˮеĪǣȻûܵ˿˺ȻҲƽ¡
պãҶܣʮ˸˴죬ЩѾͬƴСû˿ˮС
ҶһУˮʮ˸͵ǰ
ץʮ˸ӣҶҲĻϲΪЩӵʮ־޴󣬲ȻĻеʱҲðΣգȽԪˮˡ
ӦѾˣôЩӾͿԹԼС
ԭ׼뿪ҶΪʮ˸ٴϥסˣʶȥ̸洫һɾҵųԼʶ
֪ЩƣֻҪЩڣô±˵õҲ޷ʹá
ҶԼȥݻµȻܺ޹µΪǿ޷
Ψһ֮Ҷֱ֮һ磬˳ƽ뵽˴֮С
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죬ݿһ㣬׵ķµǹô±֮
ҶԼѪڴ֮ϣѪ룬ʮ˸˴춸Ȼʮ˵⣬ǰ̵ĳҶԴ
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ͻ˺ϳΪˣΪΪˣһֻڴ˵֮еʥޣ˵ǿĻͲ֮Ҫ˵ԻĿƣؼûκһܹȡ
ԷѪƶɵķѪ죬ͷŵĻ棬Ȼ޷ǿ
ǰƽʮ˸˷Ѫһʱ򣬴гһֻչ᳤׵ĻʵǾǷӰ
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ǰһƬ̲εϴޱߺˮԪˮͽںˮ֮Уˮӿ֮سظ
ϤľҶٴϲѵ˵Լ֮˳һӻĺ
ҶæԪˮٻУֻˮѾԭȵ״ǿӿݣȥһһ㣬ȻⶼǰеЩײɵġ
ҶԼսϻ긫Ԫˮ֪ޱȣȻȴ⸱ӣ֪֮ЩײǿԼĻͱ⽴
Ԫˮ治֪ʲôƶɣ㱻ûлٻȻĻָţֻҪһʱѡ
ԪˮսкҶ̤ʵԶκ֮УõԪˮͷѪ죬ҸһĽͻڵ
ټշľλžԼ뿪磬ҶҲԸǣʱΣ֮С
ʱҶҶ֪ܵȥˣҲû⣬ϾԼǴ֮бģпܱ˺Զľ롣
ȻؼҰɣүүǻָôˣȻҾҪúñչأȵ·֮󣬾͸öǰˣ
ȻҶ֪Լں֮еʲôλЩ⣬ֻҪҵһ˵ĵطһ¾Ϳԡ
Ҷѡһ򣬿зһ߿˷ܵĳХγ𣬽ٶʩչ˼ޣһ⣬˲ʧʵľͷ
ҶʧղŻԪˮƯ֮ĺˮ֮УͻȻ޴Ĺˮݣţһٳ׵ľ޴ɫӺ׸


903 ûоͷ
εĴ֮ϣҶͬһ󺣷һڿзɿıţѾٶҹʱˡ
ɾûǰϲãٴαռݡ
Ծ
ԵĲԾ
ҹĸٷУһҲʮľˣȻֱڣ˵ˣҶһ춼ûз֣
Ҳ˵ʮﳤľ֮ڣ޾ĺˮ֮⣬ûκεĶˣ
Ȼ˵ޱȣҶҲûں֮߹ľȻں֮ĸʵȷʮֵͣ岼ĵȴǾ
˵֮ڿ϶һ죬Բһɳȥʮ֮Զȴһ춼
ңĿԶĿܵļ֮ҲԾһ޼ʵĺˮͻȻû½أֻʣºˮ
ĺô
ߣﲻĺˣ
ҶҲԸԼĺһ뷨ǿаסĵĲŸ٣ڷķš
ڣһȥ֮Ҷٶֱͣ˿Уüͷ
ҲѾˣ
ٲԸ⣬ʵǰҶҲòһ㣬ǾԼȻ֮˳ȴ硣
Խռ䣬翪۽磬ҶΪ飬ڣʶԼһȫµ磬ȴû˿˷ܣӿһ˿塣
⵽ĸ磿жԶԼܹռ֮ţָλȥ
ΨһеİľǣԼһˣٻ磬ͺԼ
ֻûȷԼںδʱ뽫ҵϢǡ
Ҷе㽹ʱͻȻӿһΣյĸо˼ʱ䶼ûУܵĻһâֱŸߵĿмϡ
䣡
ˮ֮ͻȻһ۴ϸˮߴףղҶûߴĻôԻᱻˮײš
Ҷмʱӿľף˵ӹһ٣
վڸߵĵطӸ¸ǵˮҶȴһ˿ΪȻ
ƾԼڵʵܲˮֱӻУԼҲܵ˿˺ģԼȻףеС˰ɣ
ȻҶͷת꣬ǵˮͻȻը˿Уһ˶ޱȵβʹˮ֮¶˳Ȼصˤ䵽ˮУʮ׸ߵľ޴˻
һ̣Ҷ֪ΪʲôԼˣ
ⲻ֪ʲôޣȻβͲˮУðˮԼĲеĻô׳޴βܲȻɱԼҲԼˣ

ˮ߷˿һ޴ӺжȻ˳ٶ֮죬֮ͬһ㣬ĿҶ
Ȼβ͵ˡ
ҶѾȻֻǳԼĹޣȴǲסˣ
⾹ȻһһԺɫĴߣ
޴һëһһȣ׵ľ룬˲Ϣ֮ҶǰſݺݵҶҧȥ
űǶ˴ȳ֮ζҶֻͷһѣΣȻооҵĶԣǰٶ֣һҡָ̻֮ѣӿһֻ޴ĺɫƸֿУݺݵŷߵȥ
䡱һ죬ڷߵ֮ϣ޴ȻֻǽߵԴԱƫһƫһǸҶʱ䣬ٴΰθΣ˳
߱򣬶ʱԴ󷢣˫һȣҶ׷˹ȥҶҲʶԼٰθ߶٣ԼĴûκκôȫߣٶҲһܹĹߣԼΨһĳ·ɱߣ
Ҷ˫鱧ţһ޴ɽճ֣źХ֮ŷߵԴݺȥ
ڿУԲ˼ĽǶһŤԴͱܿСɽȻӶԼֻ޴ĺɫᣬصɽ֮ϡ
飡
ɽֱڿбĸ飬ҶҲųһ亹
⵽ʲôߣȻһͷսټǼޱȵ壬һĶְ
ǿǶԷӦǴﵽľ磬ҲܹԼĻ뵽Ҷæ˵ֻ·˵أûж⣡
ȻȥûκηӦȻڵĳ˹Ҷ֮£˷Ѫڳ߸Χ
ӭչգɻк˲ͽ߸
ȵ¶ҶԼеܲˣžղߣҲסһʱ䣬ȻϣߵĿжȻһˮˣɲǼ侹ȻͽΧĻ𺣸Ϩȥ
Ҷһҧʮ˷Ѫ죬ȫ˳


904 ɫë
һ޼ʵε󺣵룬Ȼƺͬޱ޼ʵĻ𺣣
ʮ˸˷Ѫ죬Ѿʮ˸ڴܣ޾ĻŰڱӦÿƻĺˮ֮С
ȼյĻ棬ҶоԼǻص֮ǰƬ֮еķ߾ʱԼһ߾ȫĴӿˮŬҪϨܵĻ档
ϧⲢһĻ棬ʥ޷ѪĻ棬֮󣬸ͨĺˮܽϨġ
ֹͣˮӴڻ֮нŤţȻʱûбˣʮ˸˻ȫ֣ʹƬȫӡסˣ޷ߡ
ģߵĿзһͬĹֽһ˫۾֮Ҳǳηͻ֮̿ɫ̧ͷҶ
ͷߵĿһԣҶʱ֮ġ
ȻˣȴȻҲܽôѣҲ´ɱ֡
һʵҪǿĴߣҲǾĿͿѣҪǾôԼˣίʵеϧ
ֳҶֽ˼Ҷԥһº󣬴Ѫ֮ٻıҪıĿʿͷߵ
ıոճ֣̾Ϳ˻еĹߣ۾ɵԲĵˣ顣
ҶЦŵģһʱղʶʲô𣿡
ʶ
ıնĻشҶһѪ˽壬ڸ඼ǼΪȻϣôһԼС
ҲɱǺͨҲûЧҽܷͨ
Կ
ıпʼָҶȻһ䶼ֱıҲûܺɹֻͨεĵˣɣܳʵĹޣѾͨ飬ϳ˿ͷ֮󣬶ͻžη֮ģӦǲٹˡ
ƺ֪ıΪԼһϵ˫ηͻֵ̿Ĵ۾ˮĿҶ
Ҷص̾˿ˣףһΰɣ
һ֣ʮ˸˷Ѫ̴ӺзɳûгҶڣı
ȻŹߣҶҲĲκηֻҪ߸춯̾ͻٴγͷų
߹ȻûٷǺȻתͷԼĳ֮ҧһӦСëһ£ֱӴҶǰߴߴĹֽţƺڽҶԼë
ҶȻе㲻⣬̯ƣɫë֮С
һҶ΢΢𾪣֧ëȻֻһǷȴǼأѹǿأ
ҶëƺҲ˶ԴҶı֮ͻȻ߸Ծͷ½ϣֱĳ˺ˮ֮У
ҶɫëҲ֪ߵʲô˼Ӧòʲô⣬Խëװ˳ͬʱҲ˷Ѫ졣
ıĵģ뵽ı䶼ûлָʵĲãƬ֮˭֪ûĹޣһһĲ»ģԼɾˣڣǸϽ뿪Ƭ˵ɣ
ҶıҲͻ˺Ȼ׼ķ򣬿ٵķ˳ȥ
ַһ֮ҶͻȻ¶˿ϲ֮ɫΪںˮľͷڿһƬ½أ
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½أôͿ϶ܴ࣬Լںδ
ʵԴߣҶͼԿ϶Լ磬ֻȻһ˿ϣԾ磬ϾĺҲ㡣
ҶӿٶȣӰһ㣬˺½صϿգȥͬ½صľͷ˵Ⲣһ죬һʵĴ½
Ҷ˷ܵҪХһ㷢һͷĳ죬ȻոſͣȻһһ޵֮̾
ҶٴθеܣȻࡣ
æֻٵĶһ˿˿ͬ׽ӶӿĶ䣬γһͼ
ڣһʽŹֵĴһԴˣ̾ϢǴĿзġ
֮⣬ϿһȦ
Ҫɱ
ַһص̾ϢҦ谡Ҧ裬ңľһͷβķﰡ㶼ʮˣⱲӾͲһ𣿲УһҪֻȡ裬ֻ˲ܵõѣ
һҧһţҦվվһʯͷϣ˫ץסϴǸȦĽԴ˹ȥ
ڣҦ֮£ԴȦ֮УֻҪſµʯͷͿˣȻʱһϢͻȻ
ۡһ׵Ķ˿ҦһʧʱԵڵأæҵĴӵʱ򣬺ȻԼǰ֪ʱһˣЦЦĿԼ


905 Ա
Ҧ˺ҶĿԣƬ֮ͻȻˣҶȥԼΪ̬ȵҦǰ
Ҷ΢΢һ㶵ʶң
ҦͷǰһǸˣʸʶǰǰĻ֪մ
һƨĵҶǿЦãȴܹ΢΢ϣоη͡Ա
ղҦҶҲʮƺӳʮ궼һ޳ɣھȻͷȴֲò׹ԼҲĿɱųȡ
Ҷʶ򿪣ҦɨһȦ֮üͷ΢΢
ҦҲߣֻĵҪȱСľ粻ӡأҲԱԭˡ
˽Ҧ֮ҶſڵҲʲôǰˣҽҶҪǲĻһҶУǽҦɣ
Ҧһ̧ͷĲ˼֮ɫǰô֪ҵֵģ
˵ˣҪʲôǰмҪһ¡
ǰк뾡ʣһ֪޲޲
ҦԱѾ뵽ĹˣҶֻܷڱϵľʲôط
Ҧ費ٴ̧ͷ¶һ˿ɣȻҶʳое޷ܣʲôط
ʱҶâŵҦ輱æֵͷԹ̬ǰǽ½ĺ̲߾˷ǡ
½
Ҷ˿ڵĸ½֮Уûʲô½ӣԼ뿪磬硣
ŬԼʵҶĬƬ̺ʵ˽½֮⣬ʲô½ֽʲô֣
ҶҦش𲻳Լ⣬ϾĻ³߶һ֪½֣Ҧֻӡصľ硣
ȻҦȴȻĴǰн磬˽½֮⣬Ȼˮľ½
һҦ赹ûɣΪΪҶڹ⿼ԼԻشʮʹ졣
н½飬ĺӶ֪Ҷ۾ðˣܻ᲻֪
ҶȥҦ뷨뵽𾪵״̬֮У
Ϊн֣
ҶڴͨʶصѨλ֮ħ߹һЩѪԼܣУᵽн֣
ȻѾȥʱ䣬Ҷ˵ÿ仰ڶ
Ž磬磬н磬Щ磬еˣ¶оĴڣ
Ҷ̲סĵн磬˿ен磬һ磬ôǵʲôĵطľˮ½֪жԶûа취ܹһصأ
Ҷеңͬпһ㣬ϵһһ뷨о
ʱһȻ֣۾͵һˣпռֻ̰ҪƾԼռ֮ţӦþܻصˣ
ʵҶͲǱ֮ˣֻûκηнİ磬һʱ֮еܲˣһͨˣ̻ȻʣҲ˹
Ҫ뿪ռ֮ţҾͱҪ·ҾнסúõıչһӣȵԿԽռʱҾͻؼң
Լ˼Ҷ³һŷҦ边ȻȻŵͷվһҶæǸĵҦֵܣллˣɣ
˵ͬʱҶҲ䣬һҦ
ҦȻܣȻ屻վֱˣԴȴȻţ̧ͷ
ĿʺͻָҶĺַˣҦĿһ۵ҦֵܣȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪѰ̼ǷȰһ䣬ûйȥĿֻҪŬϸһõرġ
ҶΪţڼװﱻٵǶʱҲе˱˵ĸо˽Ҧ֪Ҧԭ
ʵ̫ٶ̫ӣӶųصѹнײ㡣
ڳ˵ᱻѹѹ壬ȻҦѾ޷ܣٱıԵԼڿѾˡ
ҶĿҦЦҡҡͷĵŬ˳Էʱ˯ʱֵʱ˴ҵʱҶǣرأرģʲôʱ֣
ھͳˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦƣͻȻҦС֮ȥ


906 
ҶΪԼȡΪΪھͬһλ߸ϵһκԹԶ˱ᣬ档
Ҧĵ˵ĵҪСʱʲô⣬µ﷢ĲҶԼУǿͬըһ㣬ȻӲĽĵŴ
ʵҦϵ߶ܰ޸Ҷѵʱ϶ҪĶࡣ
ΪûҶְԵڣԱҪ𽥵һĹ޸ͬʱҪҦԼŬִĻҪʱ䡣
ҦʲôǴ֮ӵĻԻкܶԸǲѲ³Ӧûʲôǿıǳ΢Ըܻгϵĸ֣ķʱ޸
ͬҶԼﱻ˺ʱڷҸŮ˵Ǿ仰һɾȿɲȣ
ҶΪ˵ĵõѪôڵͱһͨˣҶϹһС̣Եˡ
ҶҦ裬൱˵Լ֮ͬ£ټҲլʺ񣬶޸˵ֻǾ֮Ͷѣԥĳ
ﱻ˲ŴʹԲ걻˺

Ҧڷһ޴˻֮ȴıͣؽҧ壬ǿ־ҵʹࡣ
Ҧı֣Ҷĵͷ˵Ҧ貢û˵ѣȥȷǱȱ˿̿ĶȻӵ˾˵
ˣĵѾ޸ҵ֧סһ龧ʯϽն͡
˵䣬ҶѾݸҦһƷ龧ʯҦȻУȴе㲻ãŤ϶¶һ˿ɻ
Ȼ޷ΪʲôҶҪ˲İԼԼ޸һ龧ʯͣǳֺõΪ
ڳڱ˱Ӻ۸˵ȫǲҲ飡
ҶҦԥ𷢴ˣϽȻһҳĵָܻԭ
ҦĵһȻҶŴֻҪҶһ֣̾ͻָԭҪ䳹׶ͣôҪҦԼȥ
ҶĻҦ˸飬мĵ˵ͷס龧ʯʼ
̵УҶʶʼεĹעҦȵȷĵѾȫ֮ջԼ
ҦϵʹѾĵԴԴϵľľĵš
Ŀǰ֪ĵǵ޸ұ˵ٻҪ֮һζţպʵͬ߸ߵĶ࣬ҾԽߣʵǿԽԡ
ȻҦʮȴΪҶĳ֣Ժ˾޴ת䡣
Ҧ軹Ҫһʱܽ龧ʯеȫϣҶ;վһͬʱҲĥԼ顣
һʱȥҦ۾鿴Լڵ״̡ͨһ͹ҶǰͷȥмĻûü˵ȴѾ档
뵽Լڿϴˢȥĳ裬̧ͷˣϲȻڸڶҶҲǳ˸м
ҶЦеĿҦ裬βûֹĹݣǲ˷ܵǾͺ𣡡
ȷ˾޴ϲҦҪŭ𣬽ʮίȫйֻǳɵԱҺ𣬲ҶĹûκεĹǣҲʱԼԱ˷ܵ췢˴֮

Ҧһ˰ӵʱ䣬ڵȵˣźҪҶͷҶȴһ־ͽһѾȫлˣȿԼľɣ
Ҧվͨ죬˫˷ܵĴ궯ţͷ±ĿԼһ֮£Ǵʧɫ
̶̼ʱѣľȻѾﵽӡأ֮࣡
ǰǰ
ҶڰֵûϵԼǰ̿£ȻĵС磬ĵȴ㳤ڵļΪι̣еʧ֮Ҳһ¡
Ҧ˵ͷ⣬һʱ֪֮Ҫ˵ʲôˣҶЦŵҦֵܣܲܰҸæ
ǰҪҲԸ⣡
ҪʲôʵʵǸո½ز죬Ҫʱס£ܲܰҸط
⻰һ˵ҦͻȻ͵̧ͷ˫۵ɵԲĵǰǰǴӲ֮ģ


907 ֮
֮
ƬҶ˽ﶼûпһ½صĴ󺣣ȷ£֣֮Ӧ⡣
н絽Ǹʲô磬Ҷȫ˽⣬ֻ֪״缸һʺȻԼҪʱסһʱ䣬ôͺбҪиµ˽⣬ҶҦ˵ʵ
Ҧֵܣ֪֪н֮⣬ʵĴڣ
Ҧһ˿ΪȻɫǰнڵȷһĴ˵˵н֮⣬ʵкܶ磬ô֮ϣиʲô졣
죿
ԶԶԣ죬ǰҲ˵ɣȻ˵бۣǸţ˵ˣǽ½֮󣬾Ҧҵļ϶ûȫα飬ô磬˭ֵأ޻̸֮
ȻҦ貢;Ĵڣ⵹ҶħǾ仰н磬綼磬ǣž죡
Ƭ̺ҶڵҦֵܣʵⲻ޻̸֮ȷĴڣΪҾһ磬֮󣬾˵Ĳ֮֮ϣ
Ҷʵʵ̫ߣҶԼ֮ҦԻὫҶһӣ
ˣҲȻ޷ʵգգ۾ȫ֪˵ʲôˡ
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ȷ޷ţɵʮԼͻȻһ˸Լ磬ԼҲὫɷӣҲüˣҦֵܣ͸˵˵нɣ
нĵֲʵܼ򵥣½ľˮĴ½λڶķ½λС
½֮˴˲ָ֮ͨ˿
˵𲻶֮ǿǴΪнڵĽء
֮沢ͨĺˮܹ۽ʯĶˮ˳֮Ϊʴˮκζ벻֮̾ͻᱻʴڣ뺣ףҲ⡣
Ǿʴˮ֮УȴȻڣǾǸָޣ֪Щ޵֮ǿʵ֮ǿ޷ģ
ټϲ֮ΪƾҪɣǸܵ£ԳΪ֮
ˣҦ˵ҶȻǺɲ֮½ģŻ˵ĳԾ
ҦҶҲǳԾѣû뵽֮ľȻͬ纣еЩˮʴˮҿԼûͻ뺣С
Ȼڲ֮صǿޣҲᣬԼûзѪ죬ôûа취Ըߡ
Ҷ޿ƵĺģȴҲΪءֶðͷ
ڣȥüأÿһ֮УʵһλԶǿڣôнĽأ֮棬ǲҲʲôأ
ҡҡͷҶǿаסԼĺģʵȻв֮Ĵڣôѵ½֮
ҦڵеҶĻˣΪҶʵʵ̫ˣ½֮䣬Լ½ڲпռ֮ſֻһηòƣҪ֧ĽǮ龧ʯ
ռ֮ţ
Ҷ۾ʱΪ֮һȻпռ֮ţô˵϶֪磬ֻ֪ıضʵȻǿߣҦʼڵײߣȻ֪ˡ
ҲܹͨĿռ֮ţ˵ͨ磡
ⲢҶĻ룬ǺпܵʵΪŵĹ磬磬ռսǺͨһս˶ʩչҲǰռ䡣
뵽ܣҶĲ˷ҲԼǰؼˣ
ڷãҶȫϣղصĲͨõĽǮͨ龧ʯǼΪӴ
ˣҦֵܣʱҲˣ鷳ҸطʱŰɣ
ҦͻȻһ죬ڰĵǰǰҪĻ͵ҼסɣҼȻ󣬵ǡ
ҶЦŴĻҾͲˣҦֵܣ·ɣ
ƵľټҦΪ˵ȷҶ˳ְһѣ׵Ļָġ
Ҧ輤ͷǰ
˲Ŵ½ȥһ·֮ϣҶִҦĿ˽⵽˽½һЩ
½ԱǳֲŸָͬǣﲢɼԼӶֱ࣬ԯҡؼҺ̨£
У鳾
ҦڵҦңȻҦ֮УȴһҶ󣬼֮гĸ֡
⵹Ҷе⣬ԭΪҦ΢û뵽еͷ棬Ϊʲôĵȴ˿Ϊ޸أ


908 Ҧ
ҦǣǹģҶҵڵҶǴ࣬ɴ˿ɼܹһҶҦһһʵġ
Ľֵ֮֯Щ˿Ҧʱ򣬲Ů٣󲿷˵϶¶Ц֮ɫмкǴⲻҦҵҦүϡ氡쾹Ȼûжˡ
Ҧ֮󣬱ΪҶһһ˵ţǿ˵ļ֮϶ʱҲסˣæͷĵȥҶı
ȻҶĶ𣺡ֱͦţ̧ͷ˿㲻ҪҪԼԼˣ˵Ѿǽȣ
ҶĻҦһȻӿһģһҧͦţ̧ͷĿ⾼ĺʹϵǶš
˵Ҳ֣ҦȻ֣ԼĿЩ˶ӵһʱϵļЦȻʧˣȡ֮ľηǸղǼкֱӻˡ
һҦȻˣ
ȻҦ貢֪ʱ˿̣վߵҶ֮ɢһǿ˵ĿֲƣҦ֮⣬ֵϵǶƵ֮¡
һ·߹ȥҲû˸ҶҦ跢ЦͳŪ֮УҦĵõ˲ٵ
ڣһƻֺĹ֮ǰߴĵ֮ϸŵġҦ֣˵ݵ
ҦָָǰҦҵĴӪҲǱĽ
˵֮ȻҶ߹ⲻҶֵⲻôȥ
ҦЦҡҡͷҦңҼңҼڳ⡣
Ҷ΢һˣҦȻҦˣΪʵ̫ûʸ뵽ҦҴӪǾסڳ⡣
ȻֱҦǣһͷĳ߳ȥ֮ҶſһʵҲԵׯԺ
ǰҼˣСû͵ΪҦ͸ҵģǺҲΪһɥˣھһסҲסˡ
ȻҦ˵赭дҶͷȴǴ𺳣ԭҦǵΪҸǹ¶Ȩޱѹֻ˲ӡ
Ϊʲôסˣ
ҦҼҹ棬ֻ۳˲סĴӣҵǳûУˣԵȵռ徺֮ʱû۳Ҿͱ˵ء
ҦȻչһЦãǰٻסϰ֮á
ҶЦݣҡҡͷꣿҲϣʱ㲻ҪҲһߡ
仰ҶѾһֱ߽ׯԺĴţҦԭƬ֮Żعϴżɫæȥ
ׯԺ󣬵ǼΪľǸ֮
Ҧ轫Ҷ˿ͷǰ֮⣬ҲûˣˣʲôĻܷԸҼɡ
ҶЩϵܣĵܺˣҦֵܣȻҪסͲҪٳƺǰˣȻĻ̾ߡ
ҶҶ磡
Ҧ鼤ĺ֣ۿе΢΢죬ΪСҲֳҲֵܣǣ˭ԸֵܣҶûмӣܸж
Ҷ磬ϢһᣬȥƲˣҸӷϴ
ҶܾҦѾת뿪ˡ
ҶЦҡҡͷҲҦΪԼĻһֱܡ
Ƭ̣Ҷ£ʶҪҦҵжٸ֣ղҦҲû˵ΪҦźԹޣҶҲû׷ʡ
Ҷ񿰱鳾һֵʵǿʶССҦҵƬ̾ĳʶ֮С
Ĵʮңģ˶ѣ൱ȸ½һɵʵףôд
ҶʶȫҦǵģԳֻҪһ紵ݶһ
˫һĻԺ֮С
Ҧ裬ȥƲô˴ˣ
ͻȻ䣬Ҷб磺һ־Ȼôݣߣ
һ߹Ժ֮ѾʧȥҶӰ
Ҧľ¥֮ǰҦڵϣѪǰվͱҪһЩˡ
һ˽ŲҦ֮ϣɫĵ˵ǲ͵˼еʲôҩ㻹ֻӡأ쾹Ȼʹﵽ˰أ


909 ˣҵ
ҦڵϣȻڽѪȻ˲סţȻѾӡصľ磬ӵԱųǰ˵ʸûУֻǵ۾Լλø硪ҦҦԶ
ʱһҲ˹̧ȺݺݵҦһŵУղŸһǸ˭ǲҵС㹴͵еҩҪǱүү֪͵ɣ
ȻղҦҶҦǵ飬֮˸ҦңҦҳҦʹԼĵܵҦԶҦʸ
ǼҦ̷֮Ҧľ仯ʱǶ̰ģΪҦ϶ǵõʲô鵤ҩĿбʳ͵ЩȻǺҰϵġ
ҦҴŵҩ֮أɭϣ³ֶܴ룬һҦ裬ô͵õ
ҦǼȲһҲһ죬ҦԶȻҶжʱӿһɷŭͻȻ̧˫֣ץסҦԶԼĽţͬʱзһŭһƣȻӲĽҦԶ˳ȥ
ҦԶѾӡʮأ˵ԲᱻҦӳȥû뵽Ҧ边Ȼһ֣ûз֮£ˤ˸ʺǵΧ۵̲ס͵Ц
ǱĴӵҦԶһߣӣҧгݵĵ磬ҪҾͲҦ
Ҧ΢΢һЦͲˣڴϰ²˴Ͳˡ
˵֮󣬹Ȼջ˲ҦϵĽţ˵һߣ˫ֱأ׼ˡ
ҦԶ˹һ߳Ҧûٸһ֣ΪղſҦԶȻԼ˳ȥҲŵùǺӿ˲ʧ
顱һҦֱӱߵطɳȥʮ׵ľ롣
ְҦԶ޺޵ĵ㲻Ǹմ֣ٴԿ
飡
ҦԶȭɣȫƺҦ費õܣǸŲͬĳһ㣬˿û顣
һȫһֶһټĲ࣬һĹҦѾĿвͣѪſڵվûˡ
ҦԶ޺޵һĭޣǷΪĳأ
˵ȫһ߳
Ȼһȴͣ˰УǱһ˫εָץסһȻ޷ƶֺʱǰȻһˡ
ҶʵˣһֱվȺ֮йۿţϣҦܹ֣ΪҦеųԱôӵԽ˵ĵҲû˿ô
Ҧȴʧˣ̶ֳȴȻһ֣ȥҪڴ²˴ˣ֮£Ҷվ˳
ҶɨһҦԶһŵĵʱҦԶոջʻ˶ηĿҶ
ҶߵҦǰޱĵΪʲô֣
Ҧ̧Ѿ׵ͬͷһԴǿǰ˺¶һ˿ЦǼӣңҲһ֡
ҶͻȻһһӿҦڣȻһ仰֣ˣ㵣ţ
ߵһԸֶվҶΧ۵Ⱥĵģ˶֪˵ʲôҦʲôϵ
Ƭ֮ҦҳҦͻȻعɫһָҶ˵Ҧô˷ԭǱҪΪ޵ˣˣ£ҦҪʣ
ҦĻ£Ⱥ֮кȻ߳˺ȻǳصʵҦҦԶݵ˵ǳеȻбڸˡ
޵У
ԼˣҶ̲סЦ

ڱҶЦеѣûʲô֮ǺȻ֣ҶЦ֮УҶıڣȴͻȻʼ˫֮һѪҡ֮󣬺ȻԵ˵ϡ
¶浽£Բᳬʮʱ䣡
ҶٿȻЦˣǳҦҵĻڻ˸Ұæ£ˣ㵣ţ֣
һͬһ㣬Ҧ衰䡱һ¾վĨϵѪ󲽵ȻųŶҦԶ˹ȥ
ʱȫѻȸҦ
Цͷŵλصĸ֣ʵ֮ǿֱ˼֪ҦһλֳԼҲᶯˡ
˵ʲôˣѾߵҦԶǰҦ裬Ҧ֮͸ɴıϣ˭ҲȲҦԶˡ
Ҧ˫Ѿ׵ֻʣһ죬϶֮ȴ͸˼Ĺ⣬ɫҦԶ˰֮ҦĿ͵طһ𣺡
飡
Ҧ̧ȭͷþȫݺݵҦԶϣ


910 Ͱ
һȭҦԶͬһʯͷһֱյ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
Ҧȴͬסһ㣬ȭͷӳĶĿעűԼɳȥҦԶڴڵĴŴ
һȭʮԹڷй˳
һȭ͵Աųڳ׵Ļ飡
һȭڰ˹ȥӰʽţ
Ƽ򵥵һȭҦ˵ȴ˿壡
ȻɳȥҦԶ˵ĲأվڲԶͬһɽȵҶһƨҷţֻǳηĶҦ裬֪᲻ĽԼ
վƬ֮ҦȻջԼȭͷȻתȥߵҶߵҶ磬Ҳˡ
ҶޱĵΪʲôˣ
ҸĶ֣֣ȫǺҶ㣬ȵгһգұǿʱ۸ңٺݺݵĴ
˵ĺãҶЦҦıʮֵ⣬ҪǣҦ˦ųԱڿʼˡ
Ҷļ㲻˵ҪҽӷϴҶеˡ
ԣȥƲˣҶ磬ϲʲôҵĳջ
ҶҦ裬˵һ̸߽һ߳ȺͷβûٿҦҦԶһۡ
صҦׯԺ˳ҦʰҶѾڰֵпˡ
ˣ
ҦɻĿׯԺĴţԴӸ׹֮ҶΨһһλˡ
Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼһ𣺡ڼҦңҦԣ
ҦԣҦҼĴӣҲǽ۸ҦҦֵܶ˵ĸס
֣ȻҦѾ˹ȥӰȻⲻһǿ϶ΪҦԶͷģתͷҶ
Ҷڵĺһڲʲô
ҦСĵҶ磬ϽӺ뿪ңҴ󲮺ǳ
˵ҦͻȻͣΪȻˣλصĸ֣ҶЦ͸ŵôλģҲ϶ҶĶ֣
Ҷ²豭Ĳ㣬ѵ㻹ǻҲɣ
Ҷ仰Ҧǳ˶һһͷվ˹ȥ
Ŵ򿪣˺˽һֺ˪һЦݣǵ󣬾ȻӿһȺˣǿǳĸ֡
ȻôˣҦɫʱˣȻ֪ҶǿôȻʦĸ֣ҶܶԸ
ȻҶȴɫ䣬ɨһȦ֮͵ͷԹԵļȲ裬ƺûЩ˷
ֺ˪ľҦԣҦĴ󲮣ȷΪԼĶӳģڿҶ˿Ȼһ۾һɣ뿪ڣȴԱߵһλ߸סټ԰꣬Сʵɲ⣬̽˵
ߵĻ£ҶȻ̧ͷһ۵Ҧֻܹ֣оû㣬ӦҦʱԸҵİɣ
⻰һ˵ͬʱɫΪҶ˵ûҦλֶڱչأ˵֮ҦӱУǾһλĸԸҶ
û뵽ȴҶһƣ
ʱʼЦݵҦߵҶǰһҾ׵ǰǻ棬ѣ˵ҲһˣԸǰǰǰȥҦ͵ġ
Ҧϴͬʱ֣ȻΪһһܶԸҶǾɱԸˣǾ취Ϊѡ
ҶէҲ£ȻҦѣôȻܲ΢΢һЦҦֵסͦõģûʲôµĻҲԸ⻻ط
ҦҺҶ˼һת̿Ҧ⺢ӣ֪Ҳ֪ؼҿѵĲԼҦ𣿡
ҦĬƬ̺Ҧ˭Ǽ𣿡
һ仰ͽҦҸµסˣΪҦȻκ˶˵ˣԼҲûеҦǼ˰
ҦҺҶίߵʱҦȴ͵͵ĴԵλ֣ϣôټѵСӵĶ𣿡
ˮĵżѾѶʦܣϾ͵ֻҪһ֣ضסСӡ
ģ̫ˣֻʦܴʲôʱʱӵ̫Сӻġ
ˣ
ϵĻո£˵ͷ֮ϺȻһͬʦ֣ĸСɲ⣬ϽʰһҪ֮ȥأ
һλ󺺴Ȼһڵ棬ôضһ
Ҧ˵ģһ̶̤ʵȻҶɲ⣬λ֣ѵʤ


911 ²˴
󺺵أҦ˶ҶηѾһɨգĸ֣ټʮߣ൱ҦһʵˣôˣѵԸһҶ
Ŀ¶׹⣬ѾԼΧ£ˣԼͣҡҡͷ˵һԵҦңҶɫ˱仯
ֻ仯η壬ҲǺ£ǡ棡
Ҷ̧ͷźֵλ󺺣ʵȥֵ֮ܣ£Ҫȥʲô𣿡
ҦĿУҶѾ֪֮Ŀ֮ˣнΪĽأȻһλ߾ȻҪȥѵǲǿ󵽱̬޺ܹ۽ʯʴˮ
˶ҶסˣôְΧ֮£Ȼȥע飬ɵӣ˵ûнԼô˸
һ֮󣬵ǷЦʦ˵ɲСӾˣֻ֪Ҫһ㻹Ҿ͸㣡
ҶһȦˣЦеĵҪҶ֣
ҦһСӣȻȷе㱾£ҦǣҦҵĵ̣㲻ΪһҵĶӣ죬ҪΪΪۣ
ҶҡҡͷΪֶӣǺѪ˰
ʲôֶˣҦңûʵľǷʵĲˣ
ҶȻվʱһɿֲƴ֮ɢ˳ͬһεһ㣬ׯ԰϶µ
ҦȻҲܵƣѹ֮£嶼޷һ£һɫҦԣɫҰףֱʱףԭԼСҶ
ҶٿǣҦҦֵܣ㣬ҪȺҪȺ
ҦסˣȻ޼ҦңҶ˵Щ˶ѪˣϹͷŽԼϣ
˵ĿⶼҦϣǵҦУҦһתҪ˵ҶͻȻתͷĿһۣһâʱﻹ˵ó֣
˼֮Ҧ˫ֱסԴʹҡҡͷҶ磬߰ɣǱϾҵˣ
仰˶Ǵ˿ÿ˵ȴҲȻӿһ˿Ρ
Ǽÿ˶۸Ҧ裬Ȼû˽Ҧ˿ǼˣҦȻԸһ·
ҶޱעҦ𣿡
ˣ
ҶȻתĿɨˣһЦҦֵԸŹǣǡ
Ҷβʱ˵ٴᵽɤۡ
ǲܾôǣ
£һž֮ûܹҶγֵģλĸ֮⣬ȫɳׯԺصˤڵ£ڵĽͷٱһ롣
Ҧֳ˵ҪҦڴϰ²˴Ҿǳһ£²˴ζ
һȺߣҶƵļΪ˵ǰ²˴һ춼١
˷ĲҽҶȻɤӣҹ˭ٸҷһҾԶ죡
ʱָ˰ûһ˸ҳ˴˻վסͣͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬Ȼ뿪ˡ
ʱҶſϺʦܣ΢΢һЦǻҪҦҶԸ𣿡
˱ҶѹѹŸ޷˵ֻƴҡͷ
ȻǺҦҵĹϵܹƾƾ޷ˣʵ֮߾ԳǵǷΪҦҶһ֡
ãǲǿԸңҪȥ֮ʲôˣ
Ҷһգ˶ʱָɣҶĿ֮гη壬ҲûǰĿͷĵǰոյõϢ˵֮ʮﺣ֮ڣ޳֣ݴ˵ʹ챦Ҫ
޳֣챦
ʲô߼
󺺺ȻҶнˣԶʲô˵֪ҦæСĵҶ磬˵нвǿߣڲ֮½ʮ֮˽ƣκ棬һ챦Ļ챦ʱѹסƣôΧ֮ھͻޡ
⵹Ǹ£ҶüͷʵѵͲ𣿡
ȻҦش𣺡ڲ֮еλòͬʵҲͬԽǿ½ģʵԽԽλڲ֮ģʵԽǿʮ븽ޣֻгʵ
ʴˮܹ۽ʯô챦
ֵҦЦˣҶ磬磬ôǿʵѵ벻ܱΪ챦ģ̶̳ȣȻҪԶʯˣ


912 һ
ҦĻҶҲȻһЦԼȷǺͿˣ
Լϵ챦ǣһǱ˷ģȻҲû˱ԼЩ챦Ŀֲ֮
ʵ˵챦ˣԪˮܵʴˮӰ죬Ҷɣʵǿ˵Ҳֿܵʴˮ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬴󺺺ȻĵǸǰҲشˣǲǿˣ
㲻ҪȥҲʮֺ浽ʲôһɣ
ͣȴҲʲôû˵
ҶȥԼпõ
ȻҲΥһˣͬҦڶ뿪ׯ԰򲻶֮

Ҧһ˵ڻصҦҦ̾͵ײײĳ˸еҲԼĸҦȻչ֮ء
ҦȻҦԵ֮󣬲ɫһ˵Сӵľٴﵽ˳أԳ֣ҲǶ֡
ǰٴûʲôҿҦʮϲǹȥζԴҦģҲҦҦҵĻǺ᲻밡
ȫҦԵһ֮ʣҦҪҦҵĻͲܻŻֻɱҶñ֮
ҦȻüͷƬ̺㲻Ҧ躰Ҷ磬ѵΪҶһıǿ󣬾ɱʱʵ׷ԴĻҦһҪһ군

ҦԶʱ˵ˣֻҪȴûпǵҶıصĸ֣ҵҶԴĻԼˡ
ˣϽȥɣһȥ죬㲻κ˵ҦȻȻ̾˿ʵǵȷǿǷ̫࣡
׵ⷬҦԵһ˿ŭΪ֪׿²Ҷˣ
֪ˣȥˡ
ҲȥǸҶġ
Ŀ͸뿪֮ҦҲصԼķ䣬ȻϵǼΪأķŭȴ޿ƣƬٴ󺰳ҽй
ҦȻҲ֪Ϊǳͷ飬Ȼڴϣʱʧɫôˣ
ôˣֵܸɵĺ£ȥӿⷿʮƷ龧ʯȻȥˮһõˣǳɱǸҶģסǧҪүү֪
Ҧɫһһã˵һñĿɽԯң𣿡
ȻģȻĻΪһƾʲôʸռǳأˣȥٻأҶһ첻Ҿһʲ
ǣ
Ҧ칪뿪˸׵ķ䣬˷ܡ
һã½ϽĴڣȥǸɣʵǸֻ֯Ҫ֧㹻ļ۸ʲô鶼Ϊıԯҳ޷졣

֮Ա챦֮أҶʱƬ򣬶Ǵӽ½ߣҲ̫Զ
һȫ֮£ʱѾϵȴѾۼϰߣеȺľۼһеǹһˣ˵ĿⶼεĶǲ׳ĺ档
ȻЩ˶˵챦Ϣ֮󣬵һʱϹġ
ԭҦҲӦģϧҦΪҶ£ԪˣֻܴεĻˡ
Ҷһ˵ĵûκ˵ע⣬ҶĿһɨ֮ʱ΢΢һݣ
ôУһ֮⣬˵ΪߵҲųء
ΨһһˣȴҶһΣյĸо
˿Ӳʮ꣬üĿһߵ֮ϥ˫۽գ붨һƺΧ鶼ĮģҶ֮⣬Ҳû˵ע⣬Ϊľ粻ųһء
ȻֻҶ֪Ⲣ˵磡
ҶҲֻ΢עһ¾ͽĿƿʵ챦̫Ȥӵе챦Ѿˣֻǹ֣ʶͬʱҲҪ˽²֮
Ȼ챦Ҫ꣬Ҳġ
һҶҲĿתĶź棬ͬʱҦѯйز֮Ƶ⡣
֮Ϊ˵ĽأǾȻܹʮﺣ֮ǿĽƣǰ˵ʵ֮ߣǳˣ㲻ˣҲ֮ͬµǿˡ
ˣҦ϶ʱ¶˳羴Ľ֮ɫҶ磬λǰԯ콾ԯҵʼ棬Ϊħۣ


913 ˿ޱ
ħԯ콾
ƺҶ˶Ϊ֮һ
λԯ콾ħ죬Ƿʲôϵأ
Ҧ貢ûע⵽ҶȻϲ˵ţԯ콾ǰΪȻħߣȴ˾¼׷䣬Ȼһĺ¾ڲ֮½ƣ޸ʮ֮⣬Ӷ֤½İȫ
ħߣ
߷Ϊţޣħ޺ͷޣȻзŲͬĿȴͬΪ̽׷ߵ硣
ʵҶȻʦħ죬ôʵԼҲһλħߣֻзŶһͬʣԲûоԼʲôס
úҶЦҡҡͷԼҲ̫ˣۡƺΪǸ߸ϵһݣõҲ٣ȻԳΪħۣôȻҲԳΪħۣѵиħ۾ͺѪйϵɣ
Ҧֵܣԯ콾ǰǶǰˣǺʱڲ֮½Ƶģأ
ԯ콾ǰʮǰˣкܶ˵е˵Ѿƴƿշе˵ԪѾ˸˵ĵطˣе˵ȥˣڽƣʮǰóġ
Ҷ˵ͷʮ꣬ѾǺܾԶˣκ飬ôĿڿഫȻᷢһЩ仯ʵ྿ʲôȻҲ޴̽Ѱˡ
ԯ콾ԯҾȻܹʮɼһĵ֮񣬲ԯ콾ѪǷŹϵҶҶ˺ģлĻǲǰԯȥҲܹһЩϢ
˭Ҳû˵ÿ˶ǹעƽĺ棬ȴʱֵܳ챦ʱһĹȥһֱҹʱ֡
ͻȻƽĺ֮Ϸһ˿˲Ϣ֮䣬ˮտһһһĴŰߺȻӿ˵ľʱΪ֮һ񣬲ȴҲʼ׷׻ߺˣգԽԽߣԽԽΣ
ҶҦһģǵһҪֵʱԼϾչԸɴȽ͵˾뺣ǧ֮һȫĵطԼȻ˺Ͽա
շеߴ˿̶վڸ߿֮ϣҶע⵽ǸΣյҲ⣬ÿ˶ǽĶŶԽԽĺ档
ҶſʶŲ֮ȥ׵ĶȺҪĶ࣬һһ¼ܣһ׳мӿͬʱһǿ֮
Ҷüͷоʲô챦Ҫǿڶְ
ʱ䡱һԶһߴʮ׵Ĵ׳ˮˮ֮УԼһɫĳ塣
Ҷٴһɫĳ壬ԼߵβͰ
Ϊ֤ҶĲ²һһ˳߸ӿ˿øһ޴βںɵġ
ָβʹĽţޣޣ
𳳣֪ޣ˵챦Ҫˣ׼ã
ֻгҲ̫˰ɣ
˵ĽкҶɫޱȣȱ˿ĸղβ͵ȷԼ߷ǳ񣬾ҪСĶ࣬Ӧòߡ
䣡
һƿȻը죬һ޴ĺɫӰӴӺһԾʮ׵࣬һ˫޴ĺɫһȾͳ
Ҷ۾ٿȻԲȻⲻԼߣĵȷȷҲСߣ
Сߣ
Ҷое㲻ԾʱǸΨһеΣϢȴͻȻˣ
ֻ˵˫ͬʱ˸֮䣬һŷޱ޼ʵĽɫԾС߶ͷ¡
һС뵽˻һʱ飬ʱͱɫ˸ţ˶岻ŤţзԴſ־ͬĽ
˵ľٶȻ˿֪˭ͻȻһⲻؼҵĽ˿ޱ𣿰֪ؼһеĺ֮㣬صĳ֣
ؼңԯ硢̨²н½֮һʵҲɲ⣬˭Ҳû뵽Ȼ֮ƺרΪ˲׽ͷ޶
ڱ˲²Լݣϲû˿ı飬˫ֿٽӡסСߵĽɫĶ
С߷壬Ȼ˿ޱϱ鲼ޱȵĵԽԽСǼƤҲֵסƬ̣ϾѾ˿ڣѪֱвͣķ
һĻҶԥˣ˵ʵܾСߺԼӦʲôϵҲԼԵôԼҪҪأ
ͻȻ𶯣ˮӿԶĺ֮ϣһͬСɽ޴Ȼ֣


914 С
ͬСɽһ޴Ȼ𣬽̬ı¶˳ǹҶȻߵߣ
ߴ裬зŭĺУһߵĽ˿ޱȻĿеСߣ
ͲͬμһģһķߣѲ³СӦǴߵĺӣ
ҶȻһץסʼոԼߵĴ󺺵ֵ֮ޣǲǾߣ
һ㶺æͷ˵һߡ
˴˿̣ҶѾˣҲǰ֮ʮ֮ڳ޴챦ȴˡ
֪ʲôԭСĴ˽ƣ뵽ʮķΧ֮ڣΪԼĺӣȻӰ֮ĺ
ֻû뵽ؼҵλˣȻץסСߡ
ԭҶԥԼҪҪ־СߣڼȻˣȻǲˣԴǿʵǸ϶Ķ֡
Ҷ˵һԣ׼úһߴսǱΪ½֮һؼңжǿʵ
ȻҲûϵ߻ͻȻ֣Ȼе㾪ȣȴûоţɫ򶨣һּҷŽ˿ޱһֻȻӳʮƴСĻɫС
߳ͬʱȻһɳ׵ˮֱеúЩСײһ
¡¡
ͬըһЩСˮ֮뱬ը˿Ȼʮ泤ȥ
¶Ȼͣݿһ㣬ǰ׳ˮ˲ճڱ˴գʣߡ
ߵһ˿η壬ͻȻһһĺɫëֱӭ
䣡
촫ͻڿײȫ˻ҽ磬˿ޱѾʮ׵ľ룬ǿֲƣڰ֮Ĺս߶Ϊ֮ѡ
ɫȻˣߵǿȻԤƣһҧͻȻ³һӡ
ӡɽӴѹùս֮˸ӵļ£ɫҰף·Ĳ֮Ҳ°ݣ¶һ޴ĿӶ
ӡ⣬ͬһܵĽɫӣԼԼ·С߶
ⲻؼҵ֮ӡ𣬾˵ǾƷȻǿպؼμ˰
ǰΪؼʷΪڵĺ귽ʮѾﵽصľ磬պǰ;޿ΪؼμҲȻ顣
˵֮Ҷ˫ȴֱĶſеǿӡĵԽԽ˼ˣʲôƷǷھ죬ӣؼҺ;ҲһЩϵ
ħԯ콾;йصؼң½֮䣬ʲôĹϵأ
ӴȻײ֮ϣ޴ĺУһɽҡػΣ󺣷ڣȻȴ˿Ǵ߱ǿķֱ֮Ӹ˳ȥȻ׹뺣档
ˮ֮󣬼ִӺг𣬲ǲܲ˵ĳڿУһ˫ɫȶһɫëӳۼܣ
һһĺɫëͬһĺɫһָ죬ɲ֮䣬졣
ӡ֮µʱѾ˿ޱᵽԼ£˫Ÿ̤Сߵ֮ϣĿעŴߣȻڵߣҪٸҹңҾɱĺӣ
˵ͬʱѾӳһŻɫӣСߵβ֮ϣᱬһɻ档
С߱Ѿ˺۵壬ܹܵסգвһıٴηŤ
пռ䱾СһŤϵЩ̸Ĵ̽壬ʹϼʹ۵Ļ˹ȥ
Ҷüͷɱ׽ޣûʲôԣʵǹڲ̺͹ˣ
ԼӵıٿǲȼյĻԼаļŻɫӣ¶˷ŭͽ֮ɫ
ȻĻΪԼӿǣˡ
ȻȻӳӣžžŻ潫Сߵ
ߣȻһɱĺӣ
ߵ˫֮Ѿ˺ɫǷŭ˼µı֣ĵƺڿԼ
ȴǺϾÿƬ̾ͶһӣСߵ֮ըһĹѾŻ潫С߸
ڣ췢һſͣһŶˮɫĴĿ˳
ȻͬʱҶȴҡҡͷһ˴ߵǰ


915 ӡ
ճ֣նվҶʱ˵Ŀ⣬ʹߣһһ޶ĶҶ
Ҷʵǿȥˣְߣ
ι㻹ʶ𣿡
ҶСС壬ڴߵоͬһֻһСߵȴ¶˼֮ɫȻϳҶԴͣµͷзء
һὫĺӾȳģ
˵֮ҶתҶֻǾʶһ£ܷܲСߣģҲ׷ţԿֻۣҪ⣡
ĿҶҶΪ࣬Ϊ飬ѾǵھȻһţҵĺ£𣿺ãҪߵԼһֱֻۣҪңҾ̷Сߣ
˶ڰҡͷҶӱżɣ˭ܿ¶ڱصãϧ¶ӡھȻоȳСߣ
ؼδǾͱڽ½ȥˣ
ҶȻܹʶҲǳԾѣֻԶҦ裬ԼµˣҶںɲ֮ʱ򣬺߽ύġ
ĻҶҡҡͷ֣ʵȴңѵҪ˺˺𣿡
ҶȻʮһ֮꣬ḻ鳾ֶһ࣬¹˭
磬ΪԼļˣʱ򻹲òһ£н磬ǹ¼ҹһ˵ؼˣħԯ콾ҲҶһùã򲻹˾ǣ˭κε
ˣûнؼδοԷȻӵ˵ͺ;йأƼҶɱҲûʲô˵ģ
Ҫʶ㣬СߣҲȥˣҲͬûнҶҶǴвĻЦһôĿԿ
ҶҡҡͷͻȻ̧һֻ޴ƺب񷣬ݺݵȥ
뵽ҶȻ˵ʹ򣬲ӡҲš
䣡
ײӡ֮ϣһҡΣͬһ㣬ķӶȥվ΢ˣ˫ȷ䲻֮ӡĽֵ
ҶһƱ̽ûܹôϾҲһ˽⡣
ЦСӣֻҪƵҵӡҾͽС˫ַϣƲĻͱ뿪ˣ
Ҷ˫鱧ţһɫСɽȻĻи֣һĻ˵۾ԲˣʲôսȻܹ۳ɽ
СɽΣҶ˫Ƴź¡¡ľ죬СɽȻӡĽݺײȥ
Ҷ˫ֲͣٴ鱧ţһһĽɫСɽи֣ܹСɽǰ̵ĳӡ
˿ҲЦˣܹƾӳСɽʵ¾ؼҴﵽ鳾ĸҲһܹʩչ
˫ֶȻʼٽӡӡĹâʱʢһⲻ׳󣬲һһɫƣͬϵĳǽһ㣬ҡ
䣡
һСɽȻײ˽ɫƣ¡¡֮УСɽ˲仯촷ۣɫ֮Ͻǳһ˿ѷ졣
СɽҲײ˶ƣ顱죬һΣգ硣
ײ֮£Сɽ̮ȻеĽɫȫײӡȴ˿δ
Ȼӡǿ󣬲սܺģ
ҶСɽľ˹ûͻԼӡжʱָ˵ٴηЦСӣб
Ҷ̾˿ֻгضѣƵԼ޷ͻƣԼʵûдﵽ˾֮ǰҪƾǲܵˡ
ҡҡͷҶȻ˾Ÿ˻ɫĴ죡
ʼվҶ󣬴Ž֮ɫĴߣڿŸ˴ʱɫ΢΢һ䣬Ϣ˲֮С
Щ죬߿£Լ㱻Щ֮С
Ÿ˴ҶɳųһУڿУӭչ죬ɫĹâǳͬһҫ
ҵҪӡǿҵķѪջ˽ԿƣӦǷѪҪǿһ
Ҷ£Ÿ˻ڿоͻ˾ŸɲǼ佫Χ


916 ųߵ
Ÿ˴죬죬ΧסȻ˿ӡıȻûʲô飬ܹԵĸоԼڼӾ硣
ƾУôҪƿ֮˵ʵˡ
Լصʵ԰Ⱥۣ֮ǴҲսû뵽ҶȻҲҶʵҪ߳һ󾳽硣
οҶ˵ѪĻӡĿǣ
ˣʱϵԽ˵ԽΣգӡпܱա
ɫһ֮󣬺Ȼֽе߰˿ŻɫһԼµСߣ
ôͬʱĻС߾Իܵ˺пܱ
Ȼ׼ʼʩСߵвҶ֡
ߵĿжʱ˼ĽȴֿѹţƺԼ󣬻Ӱ쵽Ҷ
ȻҶǴߣҲ뵽ܣ˿һĻ΢΢һЦϾĳŴߵİɣҲĺ˵ģ
˵֮䣬ҶжȻס˻긫սۺУɫ޻ȻݺݵײӡĽ⣬֮󣬻Ԫˮ棡
ҶƺˣѪȻʱӡķ⣬ǳʱ֮£ѾͣԽϵʥȫƿ⣬ȻԪˮ֮еޱ֮ˮǡܹסСߣ
˵򵥣һϵв裬ҶֻҪ΢һ㣬С߶ܻΪҽ
ৣ
ǷޱȵĸӲĽӡĽмƿ⣬һ˽˿ޱ֮ϵ
ԪˮޱˮԴԴϵĻСߵϣµ߰˿ŻɫըϨȼյĻ棡
䣡
СߴŽ˿ޱӿ£ֱˤ˲֮
ȥɣ
õҶеĴ̼ɴĳ˳ȥ޴βһͽСߵѸٵԼߡ
ʼ̵ޱȵ׵ľͽ˿ޱϡá
Ҷ̲ס̾˿ϧһ
С߱ȳҶҲʱ˷ѪĻ֣ҪҪȥˣ
ҶѾǺ֮ǣڻ滷֮£Ҳ֪ԼٲĻĺпܻԼæѾȳȥˣҲûбҪȥˣ
ʵҶŹΪ֪ˣôյԸԼھպ϶Լ鷳Ϊܹϸ˽⵽ؼҺ;ĹϵǹҪųߵ㡣
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻԣղҺ̸ȴѣֵĻҲҪۣɣҲΪ㣬ֻҪϸǸҾͷŹ㣡
ò˵ҶһҲǹˣδؼҵļߵǸϴںӵ˵һּ衣
һ׹⣬ҶЦһȻӴ˷Ѫ¶ȡ
ߣҴˣҲץĺӣԲ𣡡
Ӻ֮䣬ֻѡߣ߿ڵǸ
ҪͨҲôôˡ
ҶЦһջ˻죬Ԫˮͻ긫챦âֱĳ֮С
ȻҲǽӡ𣬲ɫȴ࣬쵱ô˵棬ԼǶˡ
Ҷתߵߵǰ׼Сߵ˾ȵףͷ͵
ȻʱȴĿ¶׹⣬̧˫֮ʮɫСȻҶıӰݺݵ˹ȥ
Ҷ磬Сģ
ԶۿҦ輱æѣȻҶҲûӹĶ䡣
ʵҶУҲκ£οҶʶʼ֪ܲڱ͵ϮԼ
𣬾޴ڿᷭת£ͽʮСͳͳһ΢ıըС򾡽İ֮ը˿
ӳ֮ȻʧҦߣݺݵĵһģɣ
Ҷʱһû뵽ȻҦ֣ƶչͬʱһӣ̳
һ̧ͬҲʮСݺݵҦ裬Լȴһǰ̳һռ֮š
ȵ嵽ʱ߽˿ռ֮ţŹرգ˸ա
ͬʱ¡¡ľʮҦĻɫСҲȫը˿


917 ѪŨˮ
Ҧ費ֻӡصʵԳµĹûκĻᱻĻҷӶʣ¡
ҶȻѾʩչ˼ޣȻһϹʱʮСȻըܣ㸲˷Բ׵ķΧ
Ҷ˸ԼΪʲôҪųߵ㣬ɴɱҲлṥҦ裡
ԼѾԹٴնݲԼĿͷˣȴȻûгԣҦʲôĻԼ޷ԭԼ
ҶֺգһץһԲ֮ڵпȫߣ˲Ϩ
ǰľȴ΢΢һһƬ֮Уһλ׷ԲԵ߻һƬͷ֮϶ð̣ڱ֮Ѫ죬ȻƼأǱѹµҦ裬ȴǺˡ
Ҷסˣ˭
ΪʲôҪΣȥҦ裿
ʱҦŴߵ˳ֱͬĶ߿Ƭ֮ͻȻߵϣĽкţүүүүѣѰ
ԭ߾ҦүүҲҦҵļҦȻ
ҦȻԼҦľ֮Ҫ̽һҶȥҦׯԺȴûˣһ֮£µҲ˹
һͷҦҶȴûиҹȥԶԶĹţֱҶΪҦ費ᱻ˺⽫͵뺣ǧ֮ʱҦȻĵߵҦĸ
飬ȻҲĿãҦ趪ʮСʱû˿ԥ̳ȥСը˲䣬ԼѹסҦ裬ԳʮСըɵ
ȻҦҲǳĸֻ֣гصΪͬĶ֣ЩСըİˮգȻҲֵܵģˡ
Ҧһʱ֮û뵽ΣͷԼˣȻԼӵүүʱʹ޳
Ҷ磬㣬Ⱦҵүү㣡
ѾǰҶĵͷҦֵܣżҿ϶үүģ˵һԣҿ
ȻҦңҶûκεĺøУԼǰ˵ģѪŨˮ飬ҦȻԼһ̣ܲȥҦ裬ĻǼ⣬ͳ㣬ҶԻȫȵġ
ʶɨҦȻ壬ҶҲͳŵҩҦȻĿУȻڣǿɢ˻
һ֮ҶվҦļİɣֻҪϢ죬ͳûˡ
ллҶ磬ллҶ磡
лҶ֮ҦĹүүߣסүүƣĵĵȴүүѹ
Ҷԭ̧ͷŸղʧĵط޺޵ĵ㣬ˣ
ҶҲɻֻгصʵΪʲôܹռ֮ţգ
ղҶ˼ϵҦϣԲûע⵽һŴ򿪵Ŀռ֮š
ҡҡͷҶٴ˺֮ϣСȻûߣСſڴߵıϣصһϢƺҲ֪ҶԼҶ֣۾֮¶ǳԵĸмƣĻһԼβ͡
Ҳͬ۰Ͱ͵ĿҶҶЦЦĻҿ㺢ӵƣҲܰһʹࡣ
߼æͷҶʶͬɨСߵ֮ͳһ˵ɷĩȵͿĨСߵϡ
ȻҶĶѾ㹻ˣǶڱ˵С˵һ˿һĽӴ޴ʹ࣬Ȼǳ£֪ҶΪԼˣſȴһԣֱҶ˵ͿĨϡ
СߵļǿҶʮͣԲϧԼӿҩЧķӣͳ˵鵤ĿС
ҶֵСߵԴˣٹһЩ˿ھϣԺǧܵ棬ʵʵĴɣ
ǸϽ߰ɣ
СߣҶһĽȻ˶ǲѲ³Ҷĸл
ȻߵĽ֮Ǿ޴֮ͻȻ³һϴССеȴǡ
߽СƵҶǰҶɻĽӹȻӦǴ͸Լл񣬵ʵڲ֪⵽ʲô
ȰĿĿһǸɫС֮ڷһХ޴˺Уź˷˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿʧ


918 Ӧһ
ߵ뿪ҶǸϴСɫСһɨΧЩԶۿֵˣŵüæɢ뿪
ԭΪ챦Ȼûеõ챦ȴĿһս۸Ѿˣﻹ
Ҷ˵ǿǵ˲ĥӡȻǵ뿪ҲҶ֣ʼڽ½˿
ҶȻеСʶ򿪣һ֮£ŵò㽫СӳΪȻ΢ĺ;ȵ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷˣ
߸ԼɫСӦһ
ߵ
ȻһδСߣ
ҶЦãߺúõΪʲôҪĺ͸Լ
ʱԶҦȻȻһ˹ҶʱҲ˲æ볾ҦȻߡ
ҦŵСĽеүүүү
ҦȻ۾һ۾ͿҦ裬֮¶һ˿Цݵû°ɣ
үүû£ôˣûкõ㣿
үүû£λҶǰҰɣ
ҦҦȻҶޱվǰ
ȻҦȻڹؼʱ̾Ҧ裬ҦжҦҵԹ˲߽⣬ůҶȴô롣
΢ѪĻܲ³ҦȻܲľҦ裬кܴһԭΪԼ
ûԼҦҦ軹ǵǸеķôҦȻĲһȡ
ҦȻҪҶ񣬵ҶֹҺҦֵѣȻүүҾҲӦõģÿˡ
ҦȻܲҶĮЦŵҶǰҪлл㣬лľ֮ллһԼһԼӣ
Ҷǰ֪ҿ϶ûкøУҲϹȥҶǷ̫࣬ҶΪѾԽһˣǸղţΣյʱҲ֪ҦҵѪҦҵˣ
ҶʼղԲޱţһԵҦµ̲ססҦȻŵүү
ҦȻḧҦԴүүˣүүԲ㣬ԲȥĵԭүүүүؼҰɣүү֤ӽԺ󲻻κ۸ˣ
Ҧĵͷүүԭ㣬һؼңͻؼҡ
Ҧ˵仰Ҷ̾˿еͬʱҲҦˡ
û˿ܻͻȻ͸ıԼͷҦȻΪһļ˲ʣԲѲ³ҦȻı仯һװġ
ȻҦ趼ԸԭˣԼҲͲҪ˵ʲôˣҦȻȻҲʶԼʵװҦصҦ֮󣬿϶ǲܵκ˵۸
ȻҪǣֻҪҦһʱ䣬պԻʣΪҦҵĶ
뵽ЩҶҲȻˣҦܹعҦң˵ֻкôûлԼֺαؾҦȻĻǼأ
Ҧ̧ͷĿҶҶ磬һȥɣ
ǰҶǰҲԸȥҦҵĻҦ԰ҦȻҲ£Ҷ
ҶһµðɣҲûʲô£ȥҦ߶һ󣡡
ҦȻҦ趼ǴϲҶҲɴĴ߶Ҧҷȥ
صǻԻͺҦҦȻԼδҪ󿪸ţ¡صʽӭҶȴҶܾ
ͲϲЩųҦȻȻҲǿǾͰҶסõһԺ֮С
Ҫչؼ죬ûҵ֮ǰκ˲ңҲҪκ˷̡
ҶκҪҦȻĴӦ׼Ҧ뿪ȴҶסҦֵܣ£ҽһ׹ܹڶ۳
һ⻰ҦȻҦ۾ֱˣҦȻʵ޷ţǰǷҦ裬Ȼڶ۳
ȻҦҲʲôҦܹôٶȣǾ˵ǵʲôǸеţ˵Ҷʲôķܹ˵Ϊͻͽ
֣һ֣Ҧ˵ֻкôûл
ҦȻ뿪֮ҦͻȻͨһҶǰҶҶ磬Ϊʦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǲүүʱôģ
ҶһƣҦɫʱһ죬˼ĵͷҶһЦûʲôҲΪͽֻĹ˵ʵһ㶼ʺϣҲΪͽҵǿΪṩһЩʺĹȻҪȵ۳֮˵


919 ߵ
ȻҶûԼΪͽҦеʧ䣬ܹõʵĹȴҲϲ
нһ֮ĹǼΪ󣬸˵ʺÿеģҦļ֮УղصĹȻ٣õȴûм
ȻΪ΢츮˵Ҷ˵΢ռĹóһ޼֮˵ǲƴ֡
ҶΪҦѡһʺ۳ĹָƷ龧ʯúץʱ˷ѵʮʱ価һסֻԼǿˣû˸۸㣬ܵǵ𾴣
Ҷ磬Ҽסˣ
ȵҦ뿪֮ҶԺ֮Ⲽһ򵥵󷨣ȻԼŽ˻磡
һƬһԶͣ棬Ī磬˳ǣͽǳݣڴֻ֮˵Īĺô
˿ҶʮֵĸˣҶȽߵݸĪ磬
ʲôĪϲĽ˹
һԵĺǺɫͬʱһߵ
ҶȵĿǵ֪
ߵ
ҶͷӦǰɣһһ˫ɫĴ͸ҵġ
ûˣߵбۿһҶСӣãȻܹõߵ
ʲô֮𣿡
˽⣬ȻǱǲıӵǻʵĴм䣬ǻǸʱӦоУ֪ȻҲ˶ࡣ
ߣӽĺʵҶߣӵе𣬾ߣ
ΪʥĺȻӵһЩѰûеӵе鼶档
ҶߣȫӦǺߣʶͻʶΪǿˣ߶ڸĵر龧ʯĸ֪֮̽ޡ
ʵֱܹɵߵôҲпܻ̽ҶɵߵĻһץסСߣұȴ߽Ϊľ
ʱţκһ֮жıеȻγɣеǾܹҵЩκ˵ŷǷ塣
ǵĽͣҶʮָˣĪϲЦտߵǰ֣һЩ񲼽Էˡ
磬ҹƵȵ֮߳󣬻Ὣ㵱
ȥ
ĪҶһۣԼҲ̲סЦ
һ֮Ҷ𽥱ˣһһҪǡ
Ҷı飬˵ѾԾġ⡱һ¡
Ҷһ֮󣬾ͽԼ֮Ľ֣Ѿнԭԭ˵˳
ȻϢ˵ȷʮ𺳣ǳ˳Ī֮⣬ǺνڽǳݣһãȻȫ֪ʲô
˳ȻЦһѽҼǵ÷Ҷ˵һ£һǴˣ
һ仰ͽĪеӰҲ֮ɢȻ磬ԼɷߣеĸĸֵҲԼģôʲôأ
˺ܿȻ̬ȣҶԼǲѣԭҶԼҪȻҲ֮ת
Ҧңҳȥתתнأ
һ̬Ըȥ˶һ֮ȴҡҡͷĪҶܣǻǼɣ
һı֮Ī磬˳ͺǶʶԼʵʵ̫Ҷߣ˳Ϊ׸֮⣬𲻵κãԸԼʵ
ðɣʲôʱȥתת֪ͨһʣˡ
Ϊʣܹ;ϵҲܺ繵ͨ
ЦеĵͷÿҶ磬ʲôʱҪҲܴҳȥתתͺˡ
Ϊ飬ǻ뿪硣
仰ȴ˵ҶȻðһ뷨ԼܹԼ꣬ôҲҲܺͷҶٿ͸Լ忴硣
ˣˣҶҶ˺þˣϽҳȥɣ
ĴߴٴҶĳ˼Ҷֻܶ˵ͷ뿪˻硣
뿪һ˲䣬ҶȻĪѯʺǣǴ磬㲻ǻһܳΪôҶȥأ


920 Ѫ
ǾȻֻһУϢҶеܣҲ֪ǻʺħǿѪҺĺǣԲԼʵȱ˵͡
뿪˻磬ҶΣȻѱǶҶĻǴΥǸղ˵ץԼȻֻΪԼ󣬸ǶҶм
ʵȻǿ󣬵ǾԲƵĶ֣˿˵Ҷ䵽н磬һΪҶƴˡ
ڸתתȱ¹ء
УҸ㻤
Ҳֻͬһ֮ңܹ࣬鳾һϸߵͣҶȻǷǳġ
۾ҶܿͳԼĵ磬Ȼ㹻ǿ󣬵ǲ޵Уǵ֪нҲź;йصؼңԼԼޱͷ۵֮ʶԼҪʵȻĻܷŻص綼Ǹδ֪
ҶһһԼĿǰӵеһУͨĶʮ߸ѨλʹʯѪϵʥʥޣϵʥ΢츮ԼѪͻԪˮ
ЩһóȥκξͷѪǶҶ˵ȴһ̰õĿա
Ҷʹõģ˱ͬǿĶ֮⣬սͻ꣬Լ
ԲѪͷųĻҪǿΪѪٿΪҲܳãԻҪõ
ѾӵΣͷϵٶ쳣Ψһȱݾ۾û
ͷѪ죬ҶͻȻð룬Լֶܷںϵһ
ΪǿʹʯŪʯͷôȴȻûҪۻ˼ԼҪƳһȫµѪٶȵȥңңˣͻ϶ΪһҲܹۻʹʯ
뷨ǺõģҶҲеԥһںʧˣ᲻ΪУĻԼʧɾʹˣ
Ҷ֮·һǰҲӵԶȳ˴Ķĵӣ΢һԥ֮;Կ
Ҷʮ˸˻̯ԼǰͬʱҲĻȡ
֮һ죬һηѪͲУӶл춼ӵзѪĻ֮ôҶҲҪĻ뵽֮УͷѪ棡
ֻһɽݶοһʥ޷һʥĺᣬҪǺƽѵĵط
һ֮Ҷʹʶס֮еǵɢӯӯķѪͬʱԼĹȥ
ʱѹƷѪٳû롣
Ҷ뷨ͦõģʼĹҲǷǳ˳ΪǻˣѪȻǲκεų⣬׵ľ˵˽䣬Ĵš
ȻҶոս͵ԱߣȽ룬ѪȻǿҺ⣬֮ҲǶʱðȻ棬ǿĸ·ǵûֵĻʱСҶĸ˳
ȻѪǷǳų⣡
ҶưոݣβֱŻ֣ǿ֮ȥ
Ѫٴαǿ⣬ǿȻ޷˺Ҷȴסڣ˿ˣҶκεĻᡣ
˼֮󣬻Ȼ޷룬ҶľƢҲˣĻֵô˵ҲȷɣȻ㻹㲻ҲֻһηѪѣܲһȥ
˵Ҳ֣־ҶĻһԭҪϨϺɫ棬ʱȻ
ҶҲǴϲס֣Լݻٴγ졣
ҶѾںͻʱʼվԱΪͻȻһ⣬Ͻ¶һ΢Ц˸ϧʵˣƾζӦòأˣܱûкãҺ棡
ſͣһںɫҶȻһѾʧӰ١
Ƭ֮һɫӰͬһҶסԺ֮ǰŵҶڳļ򵥵󷨣һЦ󷨣ӣʮƷ龧ʯļ۸ҪеˣҦҲ˼ȻǮҪɱԼҵĿˣ
ӰжȻһڹ⣬һϵ߽⣬ֿտյĴ˽һ۾ͿһɫŵҶ΢΢һʲôѵǺڰ
һ֮󣬺ȴְȻһЦʲôҲסҵһ
£˵ٴγһڹ⣬û˿ԥֱĴں֮µҶ


921 
еڹһͨɫıͬһһ㣬Ȼܽ˺ɫ֮С
ĽھҶʺŻвһĵطͻȻͣǺͣ·һε壬סĽ
˷ӦҲǼ죬ⱻʶ˲ԾҪγȻ̶һ˿
ߣС
һߣſͣۡһ³ϸţëĺ룬Ҷ
кȫϢĳȻͬţ뺣һ㣬˿ûм
º˵ɫȻˣȻûϵҶŵȻ˾˵ķԼ޷ͻơ
ڶԷչش¶ɱԷԼҲʵ̫˵㣡
˵һ׹⣬˫۾ȻıɫٴҶ
ʱͻȻǰһڣһߴӰͬȰĳԼǰԼͱԷ֮С
ʲôˣ
˴ʧɫͬʱѾٿȻˣͬʱһźɫߴ΢΢һЦſȻһھͽȥȻѰͣͷ촽ζûˣ
º˿ŻˣԼĳ֮ȻԷʳȥ˵ԷʵԼ̫࣬ԼĶ֡
һҦ죬ִźɫ棬ƬǽȻ̵ͷɱ
顱һ˾Լݺݵײһ֮ϣǰֱðκԴ̧ͷȻԼײǸߴӵ֮ϡ
ߴһЦ˸ôߣҺܾû˶ˣҹɣ

Ҷ֪緢飬ȻĻ֣һһεڲȥǵηѪһǿĶʿһ㣬Լĵ̣粽ã˫Ȼ˽֮ƣ˲á
Ҷķˣ֮УԼǿˮԵĳȻɳͳһΣְסٴȥ
һȴӿĳڲ̼ռ䣬ʼռصķѪɴ˵ĳ֮£ڹâ˵˽䡣
ᣬҶæƶֳ϶룬һ˽ȥ
ѪҶˮϵɢˮϵˮ˻ͻ˷Ѫļء
ʵ⻹ΪǻˣˮϵӿѪ֮УҪǻ˵ˮϵˮ˻ҲᱻѪճ
ֽ֮󣬷ѪٴδȻԾɲûֺԼ棬Ҷ߶ˮ಻ϣϳѹȹ̵̡
գҶȫˮϵ֮£ǳΪȡ˺ͷѪĻᣡ
ʱ˿̣Ѫ֮УѪ˸λƣռһռ䣬μ棡
ȻǼΪѣڴﵽԼҪĽҶһ΢ϢƬ֮̽һСʹʯȡ˳ʮ˸˻֮УҪԿ¶ȣ
ʮ˸˻ΧԲΣɫɫֽȻͬĻͬʱȶʯΧ
ʱ򣬹ʯû˿仯ƺֻգȻڽƬ֮ԭμĻ棬Ȼʼںϣ
ǷѪ𶼿ˣԼĻ¶޷չʯ˫Э飬ɼͬԸʯ
䡱һ촫һ֮УһֻȼջķһϺɫĻͬʱ֡
ŷһһ裬һԲΡ
ʱȵĻΪ˵Ҷоһ˿֮С
ʹʯļӲ̶ȣ𲻼ϵ궼ûۻֺȻ֮£Ȼ˲ͻһ̣
һĻҶסˣ
Ҳû뵽Լͻ룬ͷѪںϵһ󣬾Ȼûﵽ˾硣
˵ҲãҲãջּı׼鼶棬ǵǶ߽֮γɵĻ棬ҶӦÿԺ켶࿹ˣ
켶ܷԿأ
ҶĺһԿȻ᲻á
ڻ¶ȼȻѾ㹻ҾͿѪˣ켶棬ͬԼʹʯҲҲƳһ
Ҷйâɣ뽫ʹʯѪ֮ٻǺȻðͷѾܹһΪʲôЧˣֱʯѪأ


922 ĸʯ
ҶΪʹʯʯȫͬһֶԴŹͬȷʹʯ֮кڵʵ֮󣬾֪ʹʯȻҲһ챦ͬһݽߵԴȪǱܹѪʯȻҪϼ֡
ԭܼ򵥣ʯѪͽģʹʯֻΪĵ˿ƵĴ
֮Ĳ²ǲϼô򵥣ͬһֶ
֮⣬Ҷ뵽һԣʯӦǷֵȼģ
ȻѪʮʮŵȼֵģԽҲԽ󣬹ѺķҲԽǿôҪѹһʯȻҲӦǿ
˵ħ죬ʮÿһʯƳѪȻеһƷʮпܾΪʯĵȼͬŻʵÿһͻµнȡһʯ
ȻĻȫõһʯֱƳһαҪô鷳أ
ȻһжҶԼĲ²⣬ʵʲôֻеȵŪѪ֪֮
ҪõĲƣʯ
Ҷ⣬ٶ룬ֱӽ뵽Ѫ֮У˵һ
һȻϴҶʱһе˶žֹ״̬ͬһĲҽڶ̼Ҷ
˵ʵҶǲԸһΪƳǿֻҧأһߵʯԱߡ
ɫʯһͷŵĹޣɢϢĿֲϢ
ϴҶȡǿл꼼Ȼ뿪ˣûϸоʯ
ʽʯ
ϿȻκε쳣ŵ磬һͨʯͷ뵽ȻѹѪ챦
ʯתһȦ֮Ҷһ׼ʼһʯͷ
ҶΪ˴ʹʯ֮ŪһСԼпɿƵҲδԸ󷴶û£ȻȻĳɹˡ
ˣҶҲ׼ʯһ
ҶƸոʯı棬ͻȻдȻһ죬ʯϱһŲ⣬â죬һҫޱȡ
뵽ʯˣ
ħϤҲ֮
ȻղҶ˵㱣ǵ˵ʱȴǲ־ϲû뵽˾ȻʯԼ˻һûԼ
Ҷҵ֪˼ȻȻʮҪæ
ӦѾ֪ʮ˿ʯ֮ϽȡһƳһ飬ڣҲͬ뷨ڴ֮ǰұҪйʯ顣
ʯҶԼѪе˵ǼΪصģһʯͷǵܹѹסޱߵѪṩ޾ӶѪеһбŲ״̬ʵ޷
Ҳİˣһ֪쵽ǴӺζʵϾ죬Ÿ磬һֽĸʯʯͷȻݻɣ
ʯǾĸʯ
һʯͷȻܹܻһ磡
ʵǳ֮ڣҲҶÿڸһʱ֮ȫ޷ܡ
һĸʯܻһ磬죬ɾſĸʯܻĸʯǷֻܹоſ飬ҾͲö֪ˣ֪ľǾĸʯŵȼ֣һľĸʯȼͣľĸʯȼߣȻܻ粻Ǵӽṹϻȵȸ棬ҲŸ֮֡
ĸʯҼͺʯһģһӵǿ֮ΪʣǲŻԾĸʯΪʯѪʮÿһȼľĸʯֱѹ
ȻĸʯôǾʹÿһľĸʯ֮ϸȡһ飬Ѫ
Ҳ˵һ͵ڶܻһľĸʯ͵ܻڶľĸʯʣԴơ
ĸʯ쳣̣κ޷ˣΨһİ취ʯ顣
ʯ飬Ϊĸʯ꣬ÿʯͷ֮УֻûʶӦԸҾ켶ֱ˾ſʯ飬ҽѪʱҲѾʯ¹ĸʯҪԾĸʯĻҪʯ飡
ʯ飬ܹƿؾĸʯ벻ĺôͬʱҲѪˣǲ걻ĥ֮ࡣ
ˣԾڴˣϣճɹ


923 ʶ
ħµĻ˵꣬Ҷȴˣþ޷ƽ
λʵǴ̫𾪣˽⵽һЩܣȻҪ֪ʯ˵ĸʯʣ
ڣҶӿԿ϶ʹʯľĸʯΪһֶĻʯͷ֮д飬ش֮ħ첻ܲ˵ġ
ҶҲڰңҿԼ뵽ҪʯѪ뷨ȻĻܣԼ֪ʲôʱ
ܹƿܻľĸʯͷ붼Ѫڣ
ҪǣĽѪ֮Щܵʹ࣬ҲҶʼ׷Ŀ꣬ʵĿİ취ڳˣ
˺üҶԼŬĽԼߵֲҽ֮⣬ü֮ӡһ⻺ɢȻʯȫ
ҶĻʶҲڲϵʵһıǿѾԸǷԲ֮ء
Ȼʶȫûпɱԣ¾ʥӰĻʶҲûǿ
ʯԡͬůĽɫʶ֮£ľȻҲɢʵĹâҶΪ֪ʯ龿ǸʲôĴڣԾ߶ȼУ»ʯķ֡
ҶĵԻʶϵʯ̽ţȻȥȴȻʲôҲӦԭҲӦԼĻʶǲǿ޷ӦʯĴڣȻϷ
ԥһ֮ͬһſĽɫʶͻȻʼ۳һ㣬ӡҶüġ
ͻȻһĽ𽣴ü֮ҫ۵ĹâȻʯ
Ҷħ͸Ļ꼼ĳɹʶΣ
ʶΣȻһȴǿޱȣΪֱӹ꣬ڴⲻ֮£¾鳾Ҳ޷ֵһ걻˵Ƕκ鶼Ĵܿ𣬻ΪС
ֹֻҲܵģԷסĻܻܿЧ˵鳾ˣǳҲѾ֪Ҫԡ
ҶĻʶҲֻǸոճͣǿȻҲ֮ǿ
ʶΣҶɱﵣ򲻵ѵʱҲʹãΪ˼ʶһʯ飬Ųϧʩչ뿴ܷʯƳ
ﬡһɫСݺݵĴʯ֮ϣ󣬵ǶȴǾˣһȻ鲼ڵЩ·Ź죬ƺǿҪһ㡣
ͬʱһɾ޴ķ֮ʯͬҶһ㣬ֱҶ꣬Ľ˴˳ȥ
Ҷֱӷɳȥ֮ԶźȻ׹أһʱ֮䣬꼤Ƕģհڵϣþ޷ָ
һ𶯳а֧ʱ֮󣬲»ָƽҶǱûҵǺҲ˹
ͻȻһЦҶ𣺡ǲ֪Ȼʯ˵ˣħҲûôĵӣܰ
ҶٿȻתҶࡣ
ԴҶ֮ʱܾ˷ҶҪΪԼӡҪ֮ѾܾûгˣͻȻȻΪܵѪ𶯡
ҶӵϷվԷҶļǵŭ΢Цĵ֪ηһ£Զ֪
Ҷɨһۺ㽫ĿͶʯ˵Ҳܾûмʯˣе
Ҷ۾һʯ飿
ȲҪʯˣƾڵĻʶ޷ǵǿ֮ɣҪץˣѾԼŵζˣ
ʲô˼ѵҪˣ
ҶûҶһЦͬĭһʧҶ˼һᣬҲ벻ȻԺܸɴķ
ٴοʯһۣҶеᣬ֪ʯǿ⣬νڼȻ֪ˣȴܵõͬצһ㣬ͣ
Ҷ˵ʵԼĻʶǲǿ޷ʯ̸ȥˡ
̾˿Ҷ뿪Ѫ
ȻûܸӦʯеʧεıչǴջġ
ɹ뵽Ѫ֮У˻ͷųܹĻ棬ʮҪٴλٺӡһ
ڲܽѪˣӦóƺΪѪ죡
Ҷ۾ǰ龰ɵһ
ǰĵһԲѵĺˣŻε


924 ҦȻ
ɱҵˣ
ĽҶϰԵüͷԼн粻żʱ䣬˽ѵҦ˺Ǹߵ֮⣬ûٵˡ
ԼҦҵϱҦȻǷ˲ŻɱԼҲܣͲ֪ԼҦҡ
ʶɨ˵壬صľ磬ӲˣԼ֣صľ綼ԼĶ֣ɳһصɱԼ
˭أ
֮⣬ԼнڲӦе˰ҶԷȻ֪ԼҦ֮С
Ҷ˼ڵαأֱӴʳˣ
ôһѣҶȻһЦҲԣİæ
İϧУҶҪ֮̾Ի꼼˵
Ҧ죡
ҶȻһ⣬ҦҼԼϱҦҵĳȴǰɱԸԼҦҵһ
һãһΪǮʲô֯ǵıȻǽ½֮һԯң
ڵ飬ԽԽ˼ˡ
ұչ˼죿
࣬ѣ
ҶͷϺȻ¶һ˿΢Ц㣬㻹ˣ
£ʹһ΢ĽŲȻ˹⽫Ųŵᡣ
ҦȻˣɣ
ҦȻҦ裬ʵǴ֮ǰʼÿ춼ҪһˣʱҶչأȻҲֻ֪ҪǶҶģҲô
ҶкҦȻ̴Ҧ˽һһ߹ЦǰչˣʵǶе
ҦȻĻ˵һʹסˣΪѾҶԼŵĺˡ
ЩϸѯʹҦҶҦ㲻ɵû˵Ҷ飬һҧһλĸˣһ˳֣ûκ˸档
ȻﾹȻˣԼҦҵķҲûз˴ļô˾Ǵðģ
Ҷȴûע⵽ҦȻľһԹԵЦŵҽóأҦ˼ңӦʲô°ɣ
ҦȻȻҲѯʣϵЦݸˣʵҲûʲô飬ǹǰסĿɺá
ҶʱһҦԭһΪǸʹˣֵһڿߣ
һ߽ҦȻһʱҦȴǼæǰҶ磬үү˵ɣǵȷҪҶæֻе鷳үүݡ
ҶĿҦһۣﰵһ̾ϾҦ軹̫ᣬûʲôĻͳǸӣ⼸ʱ䣬ҦȻѾ׵ҦתͷǵټǺҦңٲȻصΪҦ롣
ҶҲ뵽ˣȻҦȻԼæôһõɱԼ飬϶֪
Ҧ裬ҶȻٰɫһЩҦֵܣлֱ˵
ҦȻŵҶǰ֣ģҦʮ֮ңиؼң֮Ů˸ֲҽҩʦȫ޲ߣһ˳棬ƿƴ˲ҪҩǺؼҾ͹㷢ʾѰ⼸ҩģɣҦҾһζҪ͹ȥ
ǣһ·ȥ·;ңԶҶǰæζҩĻ͵ؼңȻǲǰ
Ҷüë΢΢һͻȻİҶҲɹ£һ㶼ǸԼ˻ͣ·;ңԶĻᱻ߻ỨǮ˻͡
ʮѣ·̸ԶҦΪʲôƫƫҪԼæͣ
ҦȻ˴ֵʵǰؼһؾ֮أΪ£Ҫһ򵱹ĪһΪ̵ռɽΪиƣǾ˵أҪ̰
ռɽΪⲻ͵ǿΪѵû˶Ը𣿡
ҦȻЦŵҶǰ̵֪ıؼɽ˭Ҷ
Ҷˣͺ͵Լɱͽһǿıд
Լǰոջؼδĺ£ԼǺ֮ǣ϶ԸԼֻҪ΢ģѴԼҦҵĹϵϾԼǺҦһֵġ
һ̼ȻΪؼҵķ֧ɣҲյϢҦʱǰȷΣռˣҦȻŻԼæ͡
ȻԼ飬ôԼȻν½ͷӦҦȻѾŵʵǰܹ˳ҩ͵ؼҵĻôǰҲĪĺô
Īĺô


925 ͬʱ
Ҷʵ벻ͨؼܺԼʲôϵҩֻԼʲôĪô
ؼұҲпɽǺؼԯңǰæҩĻ͵ؼң˵Լ֮ؼһˣھǺԯ˹ϵǰǲĪĺô

ҦȻĻҶʵ̲סЦ
ȻҦȻ˼ԼƴؼңҪõİ취ҸؼƾеĴɽԯȻѡ񣬶ԼܹԯңҦҿ϶Ҳ˶档
ò˵ҦȻ̴õȷǺã
Ҷһָڵϵĺ˵Ҧʶ
ҦȻͺĴˣҶѯʣæϸź˿ۺҡҡͷʶ
˵һõˣ˹ӶǰɱңҦû˵һأ
仰һ˵ҦȻɫʱˣȻ֪һãһɵĹһñԯң
ҦȻһ뵽˻ǮһõˣԼ޷ĶҦ֮⣬ٲڶ룡
Ѿʼ΢΢ҦȻҶЦһҦҲǰ
ͨһҦȻͻȻڵأԴŵҶǰ֪飬ǰĹȮһ
һԵҦת˰죬Ҳ׹ɫͬһ䣬˫ֽճȭȴ֪ûη
Ҷ룬⼸ҦȻİ֮£ܵ˾Υ飬жڼļǺҲɢȻڣԼĴ󲮾ȻǮһõɱҶ
ҦҲŹȥҶ磬Ҳ֪飬ȻҾԲҦҵġ
ʱȻЦһ飬ľȻ᲻֪ҶǼҵˣ
ûҦ裬ҶĻῼ飬Ȼܣҡҡͷˣ֪ǲ֪飬ҲǣҦҪҸ˵
ǣһǰһ˵
ҦȻ£Ǹ󺺾ԲΣҶϷŹҦңĿ
¾ȥˣҼȻɱһõˣһõıҲԯҳҦ͸ҵĪĺôǵò˰
ҦȻﻹҶæ飬һԣ
ɣҦ׼ãȻһϸ·ͼң⼸ҾͰ㻤ҩǰؼҡ
ҦȻԼĶǲˣȻ̧ͷҶǰ㣬㻹Ըȥؼң
ΪʲôȥҶħԯ콾ѾãںòиܹԯҴϹϵܷˣ˳㽫ͨһõ·ͼҲһݡ
ҦȻ֪Լô뿪ҶסģֱصԼķ仹ǻجج֮ѹ޺޵һźȥҦԡ
Ӵ֮ҦԺҦҦԶĪĴҦʧˣҦȻ֮⣬û֪ȥҦסķ䣬ѾµˣǾΪҦ裡
Ҧ˶ʶˣպҦδļпܾҦ裡
ҶڵĴ˵ΪΣգͬʱԯҺؼ󳬼ȻȴϣΨһĵľҦһ᲻ܵԼۣŻӦҦȻ
ؼҵڱɱؼ֮ĳȻҲǲܻ⣬ȻԯңȴԼÿԺͶԷΪѡ
һһõɱԼԯҵ˼λħԯ콾ҶĪиС
֮ҦͽҶҪж˹
Ҷ磬үү˵
ҶִҦĻҦֵܣûʲôµĻһȥɣ
Ҧһ֮־ϲĵģ
Ȼģô˻Ҳһ
ʵҶ˽ģԼҦҵʱؼһǰҦҵʵؼҵĶ֣ҦˣҲˣҶϣҦ裬һԼȻҲΣգܺùҦҡ
Ҧ˵һԾæȥԼүү˵һҦȻȻҲе㾪ȣܿͲµҶĿġ
ǶЩҦȻı䣬̾˿¶ЦݿҦүүϹˣôίԺͺúõĸҶǰߣպҦҵδͿˣ
ⷬڲٲ˿⣬ҦȻķθ֮ԣһҲʶԼµĴ󣬶Ҧĵķڡ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҦȻҦĶдҶһ̾˰ˣҦڴҦʱ뿪ҦǣҸȫĵطȶһ󣬵һʱһҦҴӴ˸ǣ


926 
ĳֺзִ磬ûҶͬ£ûнǸһøɱҶ˸ɱҶҲǺܸɴĽ˻磬úǵ˰æأԼȻҪԯң򲻵֮ʱûǱɱǵˡ
ҦȻҦµֱϵӵܶȻǨһû֪ĵط֮ҶҲҦ뿪Ҧǣǰؼҩ
ؼ֮ؾҦʮ֮ңҶٶȣȫУһ֮ھܵΪ;иռ£̵Ϊ˷ֹ˴ӿзɹƬ֮ϾȻҲнơ
Ҷֽ֮ƱȻסΪҪؼҺ̣˳̸ֽˡ
Ҷȥһתתģõ·ͼŷͬķȻԶһһȥȻǻᵢʱ䣬ؼʱܻ֣ΪҦܹȫҶǷǰһõĴ㣬ֱӸ̣̣ؼҵעȻἯеϡ
ҶҦڿзУ˳ؼҵҦֵܣؼҴӪʲôط
ͽ߷еĻǿԶˣ½ؼλڽ½ĶǧɣΪſռ֮ţֱӴԽռ䣬ʵҲԶ
ᵽռ֮ţҶ͵ϮҦ֮󣬾ʹ򿪿ռ֮ߵɻ
ռ֮ţֻ֪鳾ʩչɣǸôҲʩչ
иܹ򿪿ռ֮ŵ·̻ĳĲ֮У龧ʯţֻҪϣܴ򿪿ռ֮ţؼҵʵݣϿ϶š
н֪ĶҪĶ࣬ЩҶ˵ĶֻӡҦ边Ȼ֪ϸ
ҶȻҲһ͸۾Ϊ֮һܹ·̻ĳ֮ţʱ򿪿ռ֮ţǷǳʵð
Ƕ鳾µ˵ӵţһеĵˣͿʱߣֱǱ
ҪʲôϣЩ˿
ϵĻ϶õģӦôﵽ鳾ĸǶɡ
ҶȻûзҦĻȴ֪˵ĲԣţӦҲǴﵽ鳾ĳŶѾ鳾űĶ֣Ͳ
Ҧֵܣ֪Ĳϵƶҡ
ȻҶԼ޷ΪЩϿ̻·׼ռһЩĲϷϣպһ̻·ˣǰæһЩţĪĺô
Ҧ֪ļϵּ֮˵߾ͷҲһ죬ͬһһֱɽ£¡
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֮ǰҶûн̵ĽƸȻۿȴʶԼС˽֮ΪֽԼĸоȻȶΪҶõĽҪСԼҪսӻ긫ͻơ
ֽƣԲǳܹóģԱȻؼҵ鳾ԲõģԷʵûôǿҲ̫ˣҲ鳾űҡ
ҶüͷؼͬǿĸԼҪѶȿɾͲһĴˡ
վڿ¿ȥΪµɽ֮£ȻһģСĳУҶɵĵѵﻹгУ
ǵģҶ磬Ϊģһǣ˵жǹҪרſ׹˵ġ
ŶҶ°ͣһЦߣǽǿ
ҦǵĸҶûϽ룬̵ġ֮ˮĹһˮòѸٵ˸ı䡣
Ѿһλ󺺵ҶҦͶúϲ£ˡ
ҶҦһЦ߰ɣҦֵܣǽǣ
˸ոǵĳ֮̾͹ؾ߹ȡʮӵĽǷѣȻרſ˵ġ
ҶͶԷּۻ˰죬۵Ľһӣ˳Ľ˳ڡ
ڣֵƾɣϵĴʯӿݣǱ̤Ľ֪дڵѾЩͷˡ
Ҷûϼȥ̵ˣǴҦڴ֮йţͬͨĿһС
ȻڳǡΪҲͨܶطıؾ֮·ԳҲ٣ָĽ۴αȣһľ
ҶҦߵһ㳡֮ʱҶȻЦˣΪڹ㳡һǽ֮ϣȻԼĻ


927 
ؼҵٶȵǹ죬żʱ䣬ѾԼԶǧ̡֮
ҦȻҲ˵ҶĻʱҶת뿪ȻҶȴߵԼĽǰһ߿һ߻ţܹṩģƷ龧ʯһ飬ܹ׽˵ģƷ龧ʯʮ飡
ˣһýܰɱҶʱıһ
ҶȴҡҡͷԼѵֵǮ
ȻҶڽ½ĿǰûԶԶǺֵӦ˽ҶʵҲ鳾ңҪ׽Ҳ鳾ĸ֣ȻȴֻôͽʵǹСˡ
֪ˣҪ׽ҶĻܴĿܻΪʮƷ龧ʯ
ҦȫûҶôǿǸܵվŵ̵ĵԼ´Ŀ⣬æСĶҶ磬߰ɣ
ߣ
ҶӦһ̵ӣЦʵλֵܣһ£ǲֻҪ˵䣬ܸһƷ龧ʯ
Ȼע⵽ҶˣҶѾϢӡأǸûҶһЦĵҪȷϢʵܸ֮㣬ôĪļ
ûУûУҾʡ
ûʸƨԶ㣡
һҶʱƳȥԶҶҲվ֮Ҧʹ˸ɫڴ뿪ˡ
ֱԶ˹㳡֮ҦСҶ磬ǻǸϽ뿪ǰؼҰɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷ׳ѣѾǵĲֿˣֻţһһɽǷѾܽǳǵĻҪƽ뿪ĻͱҪ취Ͼ˼ǡ
ԭҶҦڳһҹ䣬е£Ѿǵ˸
ؼҶǼΪصģ޷ͻƵĽƣҲͬнƣǽΧҹѲߣΪľҪýڵÿ˶뱻һƤ뿪
ȻЩסҶҶȻҪؼҶŸɣȻô뿪
һ˵Ľ֮Уȷܲûκ˵ʱҶҦҲͽ˻磬ΪҪ׼̶ˣȻٴҦߡ
֮Ϊڣһ޴ĹҦй֮޲ʱҶ;վŰԶĵط۾ʶͬһŴһŹ֮ǵصȥ
·ϣҶѾ̵֪ӽӽǧˣʵߵĽ˵ͬء
ҶĴɱ䣬ǧ̵Ӿ¾ֻѡЩ֡
ֻҪɱǣƱػҳһţҲؼһĴǵעԼϡ
ҶʶѲ˰֮󣬾Ȼûҵľλã֪ӦǶͬнƵĵطֹ˵Ŀ̽
ҶȻǱڣץסһӣĿбʳ˷䡣
Ȼڱչأչصĵطؼҵ˳ֲõģǿ鳾ֶ޷ơ
Ҷüͷе鷳ˣԼҪǿйطɹ˵ð죬һʧˣǾͲˡ
ʱ˵һ仰ӦþܳˣΪٹؼҵ˻ȡĹÿζǽԽӴ
ðɣǾٶ죬ҿɱˣֳ㶯
Ҷʶɨӣۻ࣬Ҳһλ޶֮ˣɴɱʬغãȻƾʶǰʱֵļ֮أϢǱ˹ȥ
⼸ֵȷڵԼеǳϣеҶûУ׾ͱɱ
Ҷһȫ֮󣬲û뿪̣ö֮˷չ֮һϣï֦ܵҶ֮䣬ĵȴŷĳ֡
ʱ˿̣Ӳӣͷ֮ƯžűѪɫĴС
ľȷﵽ˳أŬ鳾ֻűСһĪĴ߶֮£ŬľۼһȻмأǹĪȴǼΪǿ
ڣһ춯صľ촫ҫ۽𣬾űСȻںϵһ𣬻һ
ųһ
˫һĿ۳ʵεĽɫ˲ұӣǲϲ֮ɫ
ųһȻ鳾Ǿ鳾ֻһ֮ңһԼܹﵽ鳾ô뿪̣ǰؼЧ


928 ᴩʺ
˷ܵóһ·龧ʯҶͻ֣ᷢҲͬһڲڵĶдѶʯŵԭеƣȴܹԶǧ֮˽硣
ѶʯڣԼѾ˾ųһ֮Ϣ֪ͨؼһΪˣˣʦҲ壬鳾ĸ֡
ԼͽܵͻƣȻҲǷǳˣϾԼͽʵԽǿܴԼĺôҲԽ࣬һ֮ȻûзǸҶļһ
˵ʵҶûзϣʦȻصѯʣе㾪ȵĵʦҶĵʲôͷ
֪Ҷɹʲô飬ؼΪҲûϸ˵ԥһ֮󣬱ھ鳾ֻһ֮ңúҲͿ߰æЩҲ֪ˣҶʵȺҪǣһֹŹֵĳǾŸӣ
ؼ֮ԻҶΪҶĺ£ΪҶϾȻ
Դ˷ȻЩֹ֪ؼҵӡһ޵еھȻֿ˾ŸӣѵŸǿǿĹӡ
֮ʱ䣬ϸһҶ䣬ץס㣬Ǵһҿʾ׼ӣ
ӣؼʵһ֧ܶ飬Ҳǿһ֧֮ʵ͵Ҳǳϣ˵ӵϴ󣬸ؼ֮һָǿߡ
Ȼ֮󣬿ԻõĺôҲ޷ˣܹӣÿһλؼӵ顣
ԼֻҪץסҶȻʸӣѪȻ֤ضȫѰҶȻ׽Ѻ͵ؼҡ
˺ʦĶԻǳ־ԼŬôãҪջҲʱſֽŴһˣ
ƿţû߳üͷȻһ壬ΪʶѾ֣Լס֮⣬ȻۼʮˣЩ˿ɶеĸ֡
һҹ֮䣬ֱɱκһǼĴȺһţȫڷչ֮ȴŽ֡
ʲôϢҲɫ䣬Ȼŭ̾ûؼ̨ʵҲǼΪǿ󣬳ưôֻ꣬ɱ˵ķݣб˸Ƕ֡
ѵûжκ𣿡
ûУ򶷵ĺۼûУǿ߾Ǹûз֮һ׵ıԷɱˡ
ܣ
ԼʵǷǳģһǺη֮ͽ鳾ĸ֣Ҳ᲻һеƴ֮ûأ
᲻ԯһ̨µ˸ɵģ
ҺؼҽаģҲֻ̨ºԯˡ
̨ǷޣȱΪ£˶֣ҲԲɱ֡
֦Ҷ֮䣬ͬѾʹΪһҶⷬȴаЦûмȻĻԷ޵ӡ϶תġ
ĻɰĻֱҶҪݡ
һȺ̸ȥ飬ǵˣһ׼ŹУؼ͵ǸҶСӵ䣬ʱ䣬ҵ
ԷһûУԼô飿
ȻʱһȴͻȻ˵ͷϷ𣺡÷ȥˣ֪˭ɱǣҲ֪ǸҶ䣡
ҶͬһƬҶһƮƮ˵ǰҶͻȻ֣˶ɫȻ˶ڽס֮⣬ȴһûз˵ʵ˵
Ҳɫ䣬ųʶҶΪﵽ˳ؾ֮ʱȴǶʱ
ȻҶġ
˫絶ĵҶʲôˣ
ʱҶòȻλĴ󺺣Ļ񣬸û˿֮Ըû֪Ҷ
ҾҪҵˣǵλҲɱģ
ƾ㣿
ЦһؾҪ֪ɱԼ£ǲܵ飡
ҶЦĵͷң㲻ţûϵˣͻˣ
˵֮䣬ҶϷˮ˲ָ˱ò
۾ٿȻɴҲҶĻȻ֪ǸղʦԼѰҵҶ
ֻҪ׽Ҷܽӣ
ѪҺȼһָҶȻ㣬˾ͱ롭
ۣ
Ļû˵꣬ͱһˡ
ֵ̧ͬʱҶҲ̧ͬˣʳָ֮һ׵ĳȣֱӹᴩ˷ʺ


929 ʯ̨
ոմﵽųһ鳾ֻһ֮ңķԼǲѪĺϴŨŨĲʺ𾪣ȻأҲ޷ţΪʲôֻгؾҶȻܹ׵ɱԼ
ųһʵǺʹȺ̫ϳ÷ɽľһǳغ鳾֮һȾ硣
Ҷ鳾һ߶ɱ˵ųһ֮ķˣȻҲΪ÷ΪԼǳأ˾裬ȻĻɱ
ԼĽȻҶһָͷ׸ڳ̵ȫɵˣҶɨһ۵ǲǻǵĽ𣿡
һﾪˣ

Ц˼ҵһ֮УԼʵƾʲô
һ£˶ʱɢ̵˫֮ϣжܶ˳ȥ
ʵҶҪɱǣ˭ҲߣҶǣΪҪ֪ͨؼңԼɱ˷
ʱҶߵ˷ߣһ㽫ϵĿռ䳾ѵԼС
ΪһȻÿ궼ҪؼҽɹҲǻ˴ĲҶĿ굹Щţ
ȻؼҵˣôϱȻš
ʶɨռ䳾˴龧ʯҩ֮⣬ҶȻһһ֦ͬһĹӣĿ·һһﵽͬ·
˻Σȴû˿
ˣĻӦֱͨؼҡ
պ֮Ҷһ·龧ʯӦòţԼҲûм˽·龧ʯϣǺóʶ̽С
ȻһӵӰҶʶ֮УȻֻһӰ񣬵ȴ˲ûʲôͬҵҶ϶ʱ¶֮ɫ˭ΪʲôĴѶʯ
Ѷʯ
ҶȻ뵽Լڻ棬ͨʼǸ˵Σǰһޣʱ˴ѶʯãȻҲӿȷؼҺ;żĹϵ
ؼҵˣ
ؼʦأ˫Ŀ΢΢һף㣬ǣҶ
֪˶ԷݣҶǵЦû뵽ҵȻô󣬲ҾҶͽһط㣬Ļÿ
仰֮ҶʶѸ˳˴Ѷʯ
ĴѶʯҶ뵽˵ӱˮʱԼ˵׷ɱǣҲĳֶ΢츮Ϣ֪ͨˣӦþǺѶʯһ
˵ͨȻ˼ҶĽѡ
ѶʯţԼҲʱЩô磬ҲʱغϵʵǼΪ㡣
ԸȻʵ֣Ҷ̾˿ѶʯеĶŽԼĿռ䳾֮С
Ҷڹ֮˶ǶܲæӴܣΨһطſվӣȻԶµҪ˫ȶ΢΢ȴӲûߣȻſڡ
طʵϾһŽյķ䣬ǿʲô쳣ЩģȻ̵صء
ԭҶΪ̵Ĳر֮ĵطռѹĶʶ͸Ȼ澹ȻĳصֱӽԼʶɵĸɸɾ
ʲôط
Ҳǳʮؾ̵ӣҶͷųǿµѹûпܵĿܣȴһȻҧӲһ仰˵
Ҷûжԣʶһɨ˵꣬ȷʮ֮ͽ֮󣬺Ļˣֻһ˵˵˰ɣ
ΨһҴĵӵӶѾˣ˫һ̱ڵص˵˵ǿռ֮ţӱ̺ؼ֮Ŀռ֮ţ
ռ֮ţ
Ҷһֽ̧˸ӵһ֮Ƴһɻ˽յĴš
ųɽ˿ҶʹһǽŸƿˡ
ǰһɫľ޴ʯ̨ƽףĿ·ֻĵشǿհһƬ
ʵⲢĿռ֮ţһԿռ֮ŵһĴڣʯ̨֮ޱǿҲΪʲôղҶʶоɵԭ
ô
ղűӵһԵĵӲΡΡ˹Щ·ܿռ֮š
Ҷǵһμʯ̨ȻЩ棬ԥһ̤֮ʯ̨һֱߵĿհ׵ش
վܸ̾оǻҵͬɽһѹʵʲôûУֻһϵǿʢ˵ĴСˣִܱѹ
ҶĵӵȻСҲǶȻ˲佫ɽĳ֮ٴԥƬ֮󣬽ͻȻӿӿľһ㣬Ȼ˷·


930 ߵ
Ҷ֮Щ·âת˲֮䣬ǵ׵·ѾȫɢʵĹâӳյƻá
Ǹſڵϵ̵ӣĿһĻ۾Ѿֱˣ˴·ҪȫʮͬʱȻҶһ˾ˣ
ҿҶӣʮɣƺͷų˵Ǿţһë
·֮ǵĹâڿնڿл۳һ֣ʻȻҶ˰죬ȴźķԼʶ֡
аߣӲӣɢһֻĹ֮ȻըһȺɫĿռ֮š
Ҷֻ֪ҪԼ̤ţܵؼ֮أȴṳ̂룬ſƬ֮ͻȻջԼ
ʧ·ĹâȻϨ𣬿ռ֮Ҳ֮ʧһжָƽ
ȻղҶų嶯ҪһУҲԼĳؼңǾѰ·
ؼҺܿźͶ鳾űĸ֣ԼŷѪҲһܹȫˣֻʱλᡣ
ҶκȻض˿Уʯ̨ҪЩ·ס
ȻƬ֮ò뷨ΪЩ·ԼЩ·ȻƣŽϴ𣬶ڶ࣬¼ٺõˣҲڶڼס
ÿ򵽵·ͬ仰нҲõġ
Ȼ޷סҶʵҲľŹʯ̨ͻȻſһǿڷųԲ׵ʯ̨Ȼʼֱȫ˵棬˿С
ʯ̨Գȴ͵ػһ׹⣬ಡһֱӳҶ壬ƾʧˡ
̵ĵȫɵˣѾԶԶĳķΧ
֪Ҷ޴ĹȻ治ɻȴǲƣ˵һʯ̨ˣǰʯ̨װ¡
Ҷ֮Ҫʯ̨ߣҪΪ̻·˵ҪľǸϽ·ǿҲž˸Ǿб·ܷԼջ
ʯ̨ҶĻ̵ӣȻתһȦ֮ȷûʲôõĶ֮ƮȻ뿪
ǿߺͽ̵ĴģҵľؼҲûǣΪ֮еСͷĿѾӵؼҵĴѶͼգͻиֹԸҶ
ȻҲҳһţȴ˷ܵңΪһô꣬ö˳Թ˿ͷȻֱӶֱ֣֮ӽ˼е˵Ǵĵһ¡
֮ϣֳ죬ϲأҶҲȺ֮УȻ۸ߺλ̴ȥǳǵĴӪǵĹô̰ǵģǾôǣòã
ã
˷ܰΧŵˣ˿ûлҶĿģľǧˣҶ󣬳̵Ĺɱӣһѻȼ
Ȼ̵ȻҴ治٣ʱȴǲǵǿͷ֮˾ȻɱҶʱŵжԶܶԶ
Ϊ˲ôҿջϲҶҲӷѳĴַˣĿģΪ˻ؼҵߣ޷²Լ
һҹʱ䣬ư֮õ̾Ѿʵ߽⣡
̵ķ棬ҶһЦҵһջסɲ׼ھ뿪Ҫţţò˼죬ؼһǰʱؼҸصĴ
ؼңɲҪңҪ֣͹־ɣ
ҶҲûţʯֱ̨ӽ뵽˻磬˳ټҪҵͬо·
֮в˭ܹ·Ļһ£
ϧǣˣڣΧʯ̨߲ݵ˼죬ȴ˭ҲòȻҲģҶѾӴٴ·Ծһͷˮ˵ˡ
ĪһԼ׵۾ҶܣҲٿȥˣٿƶϹ
ʱĪĻͻȻˡꡱһһͬĽ˵۾ͬʱһ뵽ˣ߳ˣ
Ī缤ļæеߵ˳Ȼһѷ죬Ǵ洫ġ
ǲ
һ죬֮϶һѷ죬Ī缤׼ְһ߱ʱҶɫͻȻһ䣬һ
ҶȻһ䣬һɺ嫵ӿĪ磬˲۳һӽ
䣡
һ׺Ȼߵɽ⣬ǺȻѿ޴ıըֱӽĪԼҶһ˳ȥ
֮Уߵе˵ǰ
⣬ôҲߣ


931 ̰С
һֻƴСĹޣеʨӣͨɫͷ϶һ֧ĶǣԴޱȣֺģ̬䡣
Ȼһʱ֮䶼֪⵽ʲôޣǿԿ϶ԲǺߣ
Ǻߴӿ³͸ҶĵȻڷľȻĺ˶е֡
˭ҲҿֻСޣΪղƿǶһ˲ܹҶɳȥʵȻǿ
СȻոճȴ˿ˣԲĹĵԭתȦһ˫۾ɨڳˣȴͣηǿʯ̨֮ϡ
ʯ̨С޵ð˽⣬зһӦǴĽͻȻſ͡

󣬷Բʯ̨̻֮Щ·Ȼȫʯֺ̨С޵Ŀзӵȥ
˲ϢĹ·ѾȫʧС޵ĿУСҲѰͣ¶ı飬Դ˿֮ͻȻֻСȣҶ˹ȥ
ųԼСޣҶҪ㿪ģȻ¸ոؿͻȻһС޾ȻѾſĻУ
ٶ֮죬ڳô˭Ҳûп
С쿪̯֫壬ǴһȵĵҶǰ۾ȻȻ˺࡭
˶ĿɿڴעСޣ⵽ʲôޣ
·ʳҶѣٶȿ쵽˼顭
ĶѾ˯СޣõӦѣ
ѣ֮ӣصܳԣȻֻǵӣھ֮ȴΪǿд˵ԵĺõĻɳ֮ʥҪ
ֻ˭Ҳûмѣ˺ֻǸС޽·ʳ²ġ
ҶЦŵǲѣܲ취ؿ߰
ղҶѾĳԹҪС޴ؿק㾹ȻΪȻûбק
ȻֻС޿ȥʮֿɰҶؿ߳ȥĻʵ̫Ӱˡ
޲͵ЦҶȻһֻС޸˯ѡ
ĪС޵ǰ֣վҶߣĸС޵ԴСƺҲرָвʱ¡
˳Цŵ͵ѺˣܳԣҹʲôóԵĶճ㲻֡
óԵģ
ҶԴһȦԼϵĶǿʵ̫ˣһͺóմϱ߰ҲܲһĶóС޸߰ɣ
龧ʯȻڵȻܹʳ·ôӦҲܳ龧ʯõʳ
Ҷæͳһ龧ʯȻ龧ʯոճ֣С޵ıӾͿٵ⶯£Ȼ͵۾һ¾ʹҶǰ
ҶӦһᣬǿ龧ʯѾС޵Ķˡ
ٶȡҶѣ֮ſԼؿڣҶٴͳһ龧ʯ
Ҷѧˣ߬龧ʯС޵ֻ۾Ͱ͵̧ͷҶ
Ī翴ʵڲĵˣ϶ˣ԰ɡ
ǿЦŵ˵Զᱥġ
ҶԴĺߣ߰ߣֻСǱԼģԼٲƴ֣Ҳ᲻ý龧ʯʳιֻԶҲιļһﰡ
磬벻뱧
ĪͷҶǿֻС޸ħûʲôУȴޱȵĿɰ
Ҷæе龧ʯĪУС޹ȻಡһʹܵĪϣȻͰ͵ſˮĪ硣
Ī׼龧ʯιʱҶæţܲǵĻ
ãСޣȻôֿѣҾͺСԺˣСԣ˵͵ͷ
˵Ҳ֣СĪĻȻ˵Լ˶Դ
˻
Ī˷ܵСԵıӽŵԺ׼ҳԶˣղžȻҶܵ·ˣ֪ǶҪ𣿡
СԿ˿ĪָŵǿʯͷкȻֳ⣬ŵҶæǰΪҪ
ȻСȴͻȻſͣһɰɫ壬ЩɢͬһƲһ
ԴԶˣ
һƽعһ磬紵Ʈҡɢϱ״ֱˡ·
ɫ徹Ȼ۳·Щ·ȻǸղʯ̨̻֮ģ


932 ģԿ
ҶĿ磬еâ˸ɨſ·ȻûȫסǴϿԿЩ·зʽǰʯ̨ϵһģһ
СԾȻܹոȥ·³зʽһģһҲ̫˼ˡ
ҶкȻһСԣָŵϵʯ̨СԣܽЩ·Կ𣿡
ȻСȴûҶֻ۾ǶĪнŵǿ龧ʯ
磬龧ʯι
Сһ龧ʯҶһĪ磬Ȼ󽫸ղŵĻСظһ飬ֻ˾䣺ֻҪٸһ龧ʯ
СֿͣЦһʯ̨һЩٴ۳·Ŀʯ̨֮ϣȥͬʯ̨һģ
Ư·ʯ̨֮Ͽ·һģһ·˶𾪵ĳĬˣ
СԾǲѣ̰֮⣬ȻӵܹƺԿ·
أ
СԿзͬĽ˾ѹĪҲĽеǿ龧ʯ
һ֮СԴ˿ˣȻſͣе·˽ȥ
׼ʯ̨ϵ·ҲеʱҶۼֿ죬һʯ̨սڡ
ǵţҳȥһ£
仰֮Ҷʹæ뿪˻磬ҵһ˵ĵطʯ̨ó
ȻҶ󲽵ߵʯ̨Ŀհ׵شӿ·Ȼâһɫֵĸ֣ռ֮Ҳٴο
Ҷæ־ϲ
С¿̻·Ȼܴ򿪿ռ֮ţҲζţԼ޷·ֻҪСڣȫʳ³ķʽģԿ̳ܹ򿪿ռ֮ŵ󷨡
ԼܹŻǴѶʯҲͬС編Ƶ
͵ԼӴ֮Яһλܹ̻·Ļʦ
ҶԹģ·ȴ֪еѶȣȻСԾȻɼ㲻ѣҲضһ쳣ǿޡ
ڣҶĸл߸ԼôһλȻȽܳԡ
СҲʱʱ̶̿ҪԣҶ»صʱѾſĪ˯ˡ
ҶԼķֺ˵һ飬ȻҲǸ˲ѣ͵͵˼龧ʯĪ֮ҶŴҦһ뿪ˡ
ҦѾҶĻǵǵ״֮ʱȻһû뵽Ҷһ֮ʹݻ̡
ҶЦŵʵܹܶݻֻ̣ΪǲҵؼңԲŻ̲ޱȡ
⵹ʵҲֻҶ첻µزµˣеӶԿؼңȻǰҲΪؼҺ;йϵ
еԹĵҶ̫˼ˣִܵôҳ֣㶼˽ҽгʲô
ԸЩСආҪ֣ؼҵӦþҪˣҾҹƣǿ϶鳾ĸ֣Խæ
˫۶ʱųððʲôʱ
Ѿˣ
ҶʶѾԼԲ򣬾Ǻʱؼ˵Ķ͸Ӧˣǽ⣬ͻȻĹǿǿᣬ鳾ĸ֡
Ҳ漴Ӧˣ͸¶һѪ˷ܣ̫ˣһ˭Ҳ
˵֮һȻʧҶҡҡͷ鳾ĸ֣ؼҹȻǼҴҵ󰡣
ڣȻҲ鳾ĸ֣ǷëǣǴȺʵҲûһλ鳾ĸ֣ؼҹΪ˶ԸҶɳ鳾ĸ֣ܿˡ
Ҧֵܣţǻػ磿
ʵҶ֮ҪҦԭġ
ؼҼȻĿ궼ԼϣȻûйȥˣôҦܹĦǿ֮սǶżôġ
ҶϣҦܹԼǿԼɽ
š
ã
Ҷĵͷȹȥˡ
ǳǽ̵ĲӶۼֻȰˣĲˣˡ
ߣ̺ؼ֮һ͵㣬ڽ⡣
ſռ֮ŵĳ֣˵ĶļӿؼҵڵˣԼڿٴηˡ
ĸɢǿϢ˴֮ÿ˶ɫһһɨΧˣһߵǾʣµ𣿡
ǵģһСͷĿΡΡ߳˵ǰǰǣ
λҵҲǽʦڣ˵˵̱ϸסһϸڶ©


933 
ؼΪ˶ԸҶɳ֣鳾ĸ֮⣬ʣµ壬Ҳǳأӵӡʵ鳾֡
ǿϣŶԸҶֵ
̵ӵϸ֮΢΢üոմﵽųһ֮ȻȴҶһɱʵܹﵽ鳾һ۷ˣΪԷһʱֱӡѹҲͬʱ֣ԲҪʩչǾŸӵĻᡣ
ȴԵе㲻ΪȻ壬ӳǾŸӣĸѵԸ𣡡
ɴ⣬ӼȻӡܿƣ֮Ѿǵ󡣡
ؼζԸҶʱҶҲѾǵĽǰǵļƻ
ҶǸԸԸˣ𣿡
û⣬ұҪԭΡ
ãȶ֣
£ҶȻ֣Ÿ˷ѪŸǡýΧ
׼뵽ҶӾȻֵزɱ̵֮ǵûߣڸõĵԼˣȳ֡
ûκη֮£Ѫ֣巴ӦҲǼ죬ԱһҶ˹ȥ
ӳһɫԲһ⣬ת󷢳Х֮Ҷͷ£ǵ۱ǣͬһһ㣬
Ҷˣ΢΢һЦ䡱һ촫һ޴ĺɫβպɨֱӽײɣǿһҽУ쳤ֱ۸ŤţͷѾȫѡ
˶ԴЦ֮˵ͷϿգ࣬үүúõ档
ʱȻڼΪڵһμ˵Ǵ壬ȷǺʹ˵еʥΪƣ޷ֱ٣
ɫʱ䣬ʥսһֶĤݵĳ嶯ҲֻҧأѹĵĿ־壬սһ
Щ̵ӣͬѾɵۣǵĳҶˣǳֵͬʱȻͽؼǿס֪ðʥֲס
ǵǵؼˣû־Ѿ·磬ǵĵӶѾƣ̱֫Ȼ룬ȴܶ
Ҷɨһ۵ǵѾˣڿ·ˣ
Ѫ䣬İϧѪǰеĸֳϰ֮࣬Ҷһָ˵ɱǣһ
һ£Ѫ̳˹ȥҶԼһ߽֮˷Ѫֵ֮С
첻ܹͷŻ棬ܹų󷨣סһֶ˱棬һʱ֮Ҳ·
ҶͻȻ֣һӡѾɣͬһɽһ㣬Ҷͷ¡
Ҷ˫鱧һɽи֣ӳ
¡¡
ɽײ޴ĺֱ֮Ƭռ𵴣Ť˿˿ѷ졣
ͬʱָ絶˫ָӨ͸ǹ˸Ҷյȥ
ָͷǹ㣬ᣬȴ֮
ҶȴӶδȻ㲻ƾָԼֱ֮ϡ
ﬡһҶͬʱˣҶɫ䣬ȴд󾪡
ԼָϵԽɽͱȻҶϣȴڲ֮ϣ˵Լ𿪣Ҷʵǿ̫ˡ
ҶЦǴԿԼķ
˵ֻҪԼܹͨǰ˴ʶصѨﵽһΪ̬ľأԼѾͨѨλȻԶԶﲻƵĳ̶ȣҲԶһͻƵġ
սγɵСɽȻҲǿ󣬵Ծɲ֮Уײ֮»Ϊ촷ۣӡҲٴҶ¡
һУҲٴβָ絶һƬƣҶ
ֶ˵ȷ˺ģҲҪҶɱȻĻ
ҶȻЦȻҿûʱǼȥˣ𣡡
Ÿ˴죬죬Źɻ籡ӭҶͷӡ
û֮ʱ¶ȾеԲ¶֮ߣȻյֶǽͷö
鼱֮£Ҳ˲ϹҶˣһУӡɻͷϿգһͬٲ㴹Ƕ֣ʱֵסΧĻ档
ִϣٿӡһӡȻӲĽΧĻƵϨˣ
ķЦҶ㻹֪ɣؼ˿ӡĻûЧˣ
ҶЦеĵҲ֪ɣҵӿɲǾŸˣʮ˸ˣ


934 ҳ
ǾŸ˴Ҷڳ뵽ǰľŸ˴С
ʮ˸˴죬չ죬֮ͬһ㣬ͷų棬ؼֶϯȥ
һһͬʱһɫһϺɫβȻӡ
ؼֶɫʱò԰ֽŸ˴Ǽȫ࿹ˣȻڴַһҴ֮оȻںֻ棬ȵ¶ȣ˿ĽһƬ
Ȼڴ֮ڳ֣¶֮ߣȻ֮ļСɽֱճ˻ҽ
ڴеѪ˺ȶæԶȥ΢ܵһͻᱻˡ
ӡĽ̵ϣΪŨŨûӡıؼֶʱ࣬ͷ·ð̡
ȻֵĻ棬Ѿӵۻ
֤ʵ֮ҶȴǿĿŻ¶ȣȫؼֶܿӡ
ΪҶӡҲǷǳ۲յʵڿϧŸԼãԼУӡԻᷢӳӿֲ
ӿؼֶѾȫ޷ֵŵҶѵɱ֪֪ǵı˭
ȻѾʶ˲ҶĶ֣ԲѰؼҵĿɽ
ҶһЦǵı˭Ҳ²£ӦǾɣ
һ仰˵ؼֶɫ䣬Ȼ벻ͨΪʲôҶ֪飬н綼һܣ
ҶĿǵķӦڶԸ֮ǰһûк;ϵһ£ȻĻͻ֪ҲҪɱǣһҪؼңȻȥҾǣ
ؼҲ뵽Ҷ磬Һ;֮˵ǲĳˣ
һ̣ؼֶңҶҲٺǷϻһӣȻײ
λؼδļҽͱֱճ˻ҽĿѣһҲ޷ֿĸ£˹ȥ
ҶĿģҪؼһڣΪҪ˽һؼҺ;֮䵽ʲôϵǱ󵽵һΪǳ
ӡֹ˵ʱ֮ҶĽյԼС
ջʮ˸˷Ѫ֮Ҷ˵ǰ
ʱ˿̣̲дѾѪԶԶվţĿؼ˵ս
ѾڵһϢ۽ϣ㲻Ҳһ׵ķˣȻԾҧ֧ţǸԽսԽ͵Ķ֣ڱһڶ֣ڵϲʡ¡
ٺһЦҶǵĳҪҪ
ҶüͷһҪãҪ
ҿɾͲˣ
һȻӲĽĳ̳Ѫ֮С
һĻҶʱȻͬȡʵһͬĳǿ
һ֧ʱ䣬ؼѾȫҲʽɢΪʷĳ
Ҷǳ⣬ҲĽؼϵĿռ䳾ȫѹ˹΢鿴һ£֮⣬д龧ʯ
ǰҶǲں龧ʯģ˸ιСԣ龧ʯҪˣҶҲи󵨵뷨
ȻпܳɳΪʥĴڣôԼ龧ʯСԣǲѣ᲻ǿ
ϾպԸ죬ԼߵĸԽԽá
˶ͻѪİϧæ֮п̽һļ䡣
İϧｫصһжҶ֮ҶǴʧɫȴҲϸ˽һЩ
ԭؼҾȻǴͷ
ĵһһλۣ¹ҳоؼңҲнؼҵڣ
ؼڻ죬Ҳһ֮֮ϣֻ죬ȻҶȻؼҶŸɣһɱؼҵˣɲʲô¡
ھ˻޷뿪ҶʱҪЩ顣
нؼңоȻλ鳾ű۷弶֣֮һүү
һ֪ҶɱǱȻҶչҵ׷ɱ
ҶĵҵǲǣһҪؼңе鷳ˣ鳾űĸ֣зѪ֣Ҳ޷⣬ǵøԯϵˡ
ĳҲˣ
һʱϲĳȻҶҶ鷳һػɣ˵ĳӦܹͻƵľˣ


935 а취
ܹҶ˵һõϢԼԵĵԽԽǿԼߵİȻҲԽǿԽá
֮⣬ǾҲֻһ֮ңܳΪôҶھӵλʵʵ鳾ĸ
Ȼ鳾һΪӵеͬȵĻҪǿĶࡣ
ҶںǣҶŸڴӵǻʺħǿѪΪ֮ʵضĶࡣ
ͻػ֮Ҷһѻ˵ʬͨͨճ˻ҽȻŻصǣҦ裬̳ǰؼҡ
Ҳؼҵ˻˹鿴ҶûʱټȺȥҪԯңΪԼнѰһӻ
Ҫ֮ʱ׼ǰ̨£ܴܲŰΪԼ򿪷֮š
ҦȻУǸղҶ֮Ĵս춯أͷųĻ棬ӳ˴Ƭգ˶Ŀá
Ҧ費һѪڣԼܹҶʶԼ˵ˣа¾ԼһܹҶԼŬԼǿ
ҶҦʩչȫ٣ʱ䣬Ѿϵ˺ؼ֮ء
ؼͬԯڱڳеĹģҲǻֺޱȣԶԶҦҵҦǡ
УҶû˿飬ֱӾ˺ؼҡ
ֻǴʱؼҵĴ֮ѾһﳤĶ飬ԱߵĿյ֮ͣŸָĽͨߣÿ˶׵ȴ
һĻҶʱףЩ˶ǰҩģ
ؼҺԯҵĹϵڽ½ϲʲôܣԺԯҴϹϵĻᣬκ˶ԸǾʢ
ڶ棬ǰͬһһͷĶ飬ҶԼüͷԭΪҦҵҩľ㲻Ƕһ޶ģҲǱزٵģȻȴȻˣ˵ϹҩˣĻԼ̿ɾˡ
ҶŶ֮Ҳûκεİ취ӵĻԻ˵ķУʱȺ֮ĻȻҶ£ҲûôƤ
ĵ˽ʱ֮󣬺ȻӺؼ֮зһӰվڿУ˺лλĺ⣬ҩѾռȫԴҲټŶӵȴˣλ˭Ҳ뿪ǣΪΪ˴лλ콫ڴ˵شϯдλ⣬λ·Լڱǵпãؼȫе֮λ½⣡
ⷬһ˵˶ʱΪ֮ȻؼҾȻѾҩģôȻǰˡ
˭ҲԹԣؼҵѾ御Ҫˣһ·ѣ͵˵һΡ
ҦɫʱˣСҶҶ磬ô죿ⲻǰ𣿡
ҶҲǿղѣҲûκΰ취ϾֻһζҩģѾƺõĵҩĻҲûԿһ
ҩ
Ҷ۾Ȼһ΢΢һЦżһа취
ռҩȻΪҩҩĻ¶ҩʦұ֤ٷ֮ٳɹǣҶԣ
Ѫ֮ˮԼҶǵܹ֤ҩ϶ɹԱ֤ƳĵҩǼȵģ
ҾԼ֪ƵḶ́ǻ˳λȺڵ˫ҩ˺֮£κεҩܳɹơ
Ҧ迴ҶЦʵҶ磬㻹ʲô취
˶ɢԺ֪ˡҶĪĵ
ȻûͷЩǰҩȻȻת뿪ȵɢĲ֮ҶҦ˺ؼҵĴ֮
ոڿдĺؼ˴ʱѾ䵽˵ϣҶҦ裬ǰһĵλҩĵĻֻ˵ǸˣҩѾռȫˡ
ҶЦŵҩռȫˣҩ𣿡
һ仰˵ĶԷҦ趼Ϊ֮һ㶣Ҧﷺֹѵ˵Ҷ绹һλҩʦ
нУҩʦͬǸ߸ϣ𾴵ġ
ؼ˻عȻҲҶȻλҩʦ̬Ҳӿ˼ֵл⣬ҩҲѾˡ
ŶҶüëλҩˣûʮɵİܹҩƳɹأ
⡭ؼƢҲǼãȻЦݵ˵Цˣ֮£ǶҩʦҲûʮɵİհɣ
Ҷֶ˭˵ûУҾ͸˵κεҩҶʮɵİܹƳɹ
˵ͬʱҶҲԼǿϢ΢ͷųһ㡣
λؼ˸ܵϢɫ΢΢һ䣬ȻſʶҪ鿴һҶΪ硣
ȻһɫȴΪ֮䣬ǰҶһɲĺڶһ㣬ųȥʶɵĸɸɾ
΢һλЦҶһҾףˡºض۲ʶ̩ɽ룡


936 
ضȻͲ󣬵ǳصΪϰԸںؼҵĵλǷ
ȻͨҶֳǿƣ̾жϳҶȻλˣȻĿǰ㲻ҶʵĿģǸ˼Ȼţܽ˾֮⣬ԺضϣҶǺȽҶ˵
ҶĻôؼԯڱҲηġ
ҶУñе㺦µҦҲʱ˵ΪҶܵģҲ̧ͷͦأĸҶ߽˺ؼҵĴš
ضһ·˴Ըϲ֮̽е뿪ʵǳû֪ͨؼҼȥˡ
ԴҶ֪Ҳżڵĺ˲裬ʱҦ̲סСʵҶ磬ҩʦ𣿡
Ҷ²豭΢΢һЦô㿴Ҳ𣿡
񣬷ǳ񣡡
ҶЦʲôǳҶҩʦ
ҦҶͶˣ˼ôģᣬʵȺһһλҩʦ
ȵ˰֧ʱҶҦգգۣʾˣű˴߽
ȥĺض֮⣬һͺضƣȻӦǺؼҼգһǳϵɷǣ׿Ⱥ²ûĻӦþܹƺúؼСλˡ
ʨڣòãصľȥƲȻü֮Ż֮ȥɫǿҶȻЦΪºؼҼգ˵иţʧʧ
ҶҲЦŻؼˣҶ㲻ʲôˣֻԶҩѡ
Ҷ߻䣬λһĳϵͷһߣԶҩҿºڣ
ͬԩң
ȻҶҲλϵǷǸˣֻֻǴΪؼС㿴ĻؼҴģǲô˵Ҷĳ֣ȷûʲôô˵䲻ģ⡣
ϴĳҶǺǺæԲλΪСŮ˺ҶʦҲ
ԭλ˵ӣҶôǡӡ
˷ֱ֮Ҷֱؼ֮Ҫʲôҩ
տӣȻǲɫ߰ĵ㲻ҲųԶҩǲȥؼС㿴ľʲôҪʲôҩ
ҩҶУǿĻɾǲóˣ򵥵Ĳԣ˵˺ؼСǹֲûаˡ
ؼҲʵʵ˵ȻҩȴĲǰĪֻҪҪʲôҩҿԱ֤ٷ֮Ƴɹ
ӵжʱ֮⣺ҶСѣ⻰˵ʵ̫˵ɣ
ҲӲţκһ΢ҩˣҶⷬ
ʦŵĻǲǱȱȿ
֣ԴǵĵƺؼС֮赤ҩǼΪ󣬾㶼һãԣ
Ҷŭû˵úؼСҩԣǿҩһ£˵ҿؼˮǾȱȿˮԪΣ
ˮԪһԵҩܹΪˮ֮Ʒҩơ
Ҷһ۵˳ؾĺյĳԣֱҪƷҩ˿ԿžԵš
ӵɫ粻Ҷ΢΢һЦʦҵĻǲҲգؼˣǣ
Ҷ
ռæסҶתӵʦǺĳ㣬ǴʦҲ˵ˣΪСŮҩļΪ󣬺ĳҲϣܵ߳ɹʣԺĳʦҶʩչҩ֮úĳ۽硣
ղΪһ֮ⷬ˵ƿԣֻܺ޺޵ĵȾͱȣҲиҪ󣬲ܱˮԪ˭֪ҶǲǾͨ˵ؼѡһֵҩǹͬơ
ҶνĵͷκεҩֻҪ֪ƵĲ裬ʮİա
Ȼ˶ѾӦôվѡһƷҩ˷ֱơ
׼еĲϣҶӸԽһ䵤һأҶ̽˳˳ǰ˵֮˳ЦŵȻ˸ҺˣƷƷܼ򵥡
֪Ʋ֮Ҷ׼ƣΪ˷ֹʧܣҲ͵͵ĴԼĿռ䳾֮ҳһЩҩģͬʱ˳ֽҦҽԼ͹ҩҲ˳
ͻȻ˳۾ȻɴһѾͽҶеҩĶ˹ȥĿƬ̺ǸǸƭӰ


937 ȫ֮
ȻҶǸҲûʲôøУҲ벻ͨΪʲô˳һҩľͻΪǸƭӡ
ҩֽһ²ݣΪҩʮ⣬ʪ޷κεҩ֮УֻΪһҩҩʦүǧٴεĳ֮óĽۡ
˳еʦүҩ衣
Ҷüͷһ壬Ҳһ㲻ԾΪʲôҩҩ
굤
굤һ²ݵԽ˵Ƴ壬Ϊ޻֮壬ͬʱ굤ĻҲȡ֮͵
Ҷŵ˼˵ӷƳ굤ؼСƳ壬Ȼһ룬ΪµĺؼС㣿
пܣ
ΪʲôҪôأҿӵʵȻͣǿգԯҵĶ֣ʶƵĻѰ·˵ߺؼСĻʲôأ
Ҷ⣬˳˼Ҳò𰸣ǲô˵ӿ϶ǾĲ
˵Ҹô죿
Ժؼûͼ˦뿪Уڿ϶Уɣ㽫սͽҸղ˵ĻȻӾҪЩϣǷҪ굤ܵĻҲԳûʶؼС꣬Ҳ֡
ҶͰ˳Ľ飬ս˹
ɻ󣬲ҶΪʲôҩԼ
Ҷûֱ˵ӵĴ㣬ѯҪҩģնʱ¶衣
Ҷ֪ǺڷԼЦЦұҩĳؼԲԡ
Ҷ굤Ҫҩͳͳ˳յԽԽ𾪣ȻҶ˵ȫȷ
ˣҶҲԿ϶׼굤Ž˳ĸղŵĻȫ˵˳ĩ˵ؼȻҲ֪ΪʲôҪǡ
֪
ֱӴҶĻ֮ɫκһ˾ȻҪԼŮʱ򣬶ʲôɫġ
ΪʲôҶ档
ճΪŮ꼫Ϊ⣬ȫ֮꣡
֮ʵǷΪֻ꣬壬ض곣⣬νȫ֮꣬˵ȫڣǳһ
ȻӾΪ˺ؼСȫֻ֮꣬Ҫȫ֮ʲôأ
ҾͲ֪ˣӿ϶֪
ٿȻתȥȻҪץסӣĿбʳĿġ
Ȼųȥ֮ʱضȴǼҴҵĸ磬ˣʦˣֱӴ򿪿ռ֮뿪ˣ
ʲô뿪ˣ
Ҷźյһ䵤ʱӹȻѾټռ֮ſͨκεط˭Ҳ֪ںδˡ
ͻȻֵҶҲ˲Ծ֪ԼĿĿ»¶ԸϽ֮ˡ
ȻˣȻؼСĻǱסˣĲȴȻûãսϣȫҶϣȥԼŮ
Ҷȫ֮Ҳʮֺ棬Ӧ˺յҪ󣬵ȴұ֤һܹа취ҽΡ
ںյҶ˺ؼСɺĹ뷿ſվصĸֻ
ƿţҶڼ˫Ŀգͬһĺɺ
ɺҲǹɫ㣬Ȼϲ԰û˿ѪɫȴΪƽ˼ֽ֮
ȻҶٿѾ֪ɺôˣΪںɺ͸ҶĸҶƷɵһģһ걻˷ӡ
Ҷɺ˸ֲֹίʵûϵȻԼĸһӶҲ뵽ˣѵҲĵ˸ɵģ
˵ǸӸɵģ
˵겻Ե޹ʵıӡֻʦڣֻʣ½οһʦ֪нûʦĴڡ
Դӽ֮ĿͲͣŮҶߣҶıͲµӦ֪ʲôæʵҶǲǿˣ
Ҷͷȷٿ
ߵɺǰҶü֮ȻһŽ⣬ɺ
ȻҶʶȥǿ˲٣ȴȻ޷ɺֻ꣬ܿһģģɺƹɵɫ㡣
ȫ֮꣬ȫڣ˵ɫģǺɫػǻɫôɫȻǺɺˡ
ȻɺԼĸ׻Ҫ궼ӡַӡԼƽġ
ؼнûʦ
һʦʲô
нڹȻҲѾûʦҶ򵥵ĽһҲ²⣬Ӧ͵͵ңӡ˺ع꣬Ӻ֮˿϶ͬΪɵԯңĿŵ°ߺعַֻʽҪ͵֪ȡߺعȫ֮꣡


938 ԯ
ҧгݣźض̴н׽ӣУɺ֮ǰЩ˸𱣻ģȫҳ
Ҷؼ֮λӽŲҶĺ󳾣ؼ͡
ҶȻ֪ʦӦҲ֪ôŮɣֻҪܾŮʲôҪҶܴӦ
ԺճڴͿĿ⣬ҶЦܾͻȻһת뵽һ취ؼһش֮ǰһ⡣
ʡ
Ҷ̧ͷվſڵǼؼˣշӦ죬һӣ̹ߡ
ؼн֮Ĵ𣿡
աŵš𾪵ĿҶһڳҶ˻⣿
ҶźյķӦҲһԷ֪飺ؼȻشҵ⡣
ճβŵͷʦ˵н֮⣬ȷкܶнһ硣
ãҾʵ㣬Ҿн֮⣬һΪ磡
𾪵ʱ䣬Ҷҵĸ׾ͺһ˷ӡ꣬Ǹ磬ҿһλʦҲΪҺѵͽܣֻҪҵܾ
յȷ𾪵˼㣬ԼŮоȣҲ˲Ҷ˵֮ˣæɺ
ҶЦŵҺȣҲ֮дԽڣҸ֪λȥؼа취һ磬ôҲоˡ
ճĬˣҪʵڲ֪ӦԣҶҲûд΢΢һЦؼԺúÿǿǣҾڹ߶żˡ
ԺؼҵʵȻܽҶͻ磬ԯҲҶͽᣬúȥѯԯңܷԼԸ
Ҷ֪ѯԯҵʱ򣬿϶ҲҪȥԼȻ֪Լؼ֮ĹڣʱҲỳԼֻҪԯҴĻӦûԼϾǺؼңضѵĹϵ
˵ĵ˾ѣҲһ֮ĺ׼Ļ
ɵ˺ؼҵңȻǺҶĻΪԼŮҪһ¡
׼ԯϵʱһֱеĴѶʯȴͻȻʹԯҵһҵԼˡ
ʶ̽봫Ѷʯһߴͬһɽһ׳˺յǰȻһӰ񣬵Ȼܹúոоһɱ˵ѹæºղμɽ塣
λԯɽ׳ͷգɺĲôˣʲôҪǰæĵطܿڡ
պԯҵĹϵǳΪĹԯҲȷʵԼˡ
һů˵Ҷ飬룬ȻԯɽԼȻҪ£ԹĵлɽϵСŮĲ˵չҲȷʵɽæɽұȻҪ£ɽ˵
ںյı֣ԯɽȻʮ⣺ȷе㼱£Ǹһ˵䣬˽Ҷʮͣʵޱȡ
յıʮֵľֱԯɽ˵̲֮סʵɽ壬
ҸոյõϢ죬һ˽̣һˣ
ֱӴӵ
ĸʮ鳾ĸ֣һδԼԼʵµĳظ֣ȻȫҶһ˸ɱˣ
µǣҶھԼļУ
յȻ֪ԯɽǾԲƭԼģ·˲亹ʪҿԼҶûʲô֮ȻһҪؼһ練֮¡
⵹еҶĻˣΪнڣû˵ôֻС
뵽ղκæҶںؼԼ˵еĻһһʮ˵˳
ԯɽҲǴΪ𾪣ǽոմؼɳԵõϢû뵽ҶȻںؼҡ
գȽסβ뿪ʾ֮
ԯɽӰֱʧɼĵĽ
ʶ˳ѶʯеʧǵĸоΪһУǳ׵ĵ߸֪
Ҷû£ԼķָҦۿҦڶ̶һʱ֮ͻƵ˳ʮ֮ʮ⣬佱䣬Ȼס˻ͷȻô죡
£Ѿ˺յҶڣ
ؼ
Ҷǰԯң


939 ǧɽ
ԯȻҶ磬ʵߵ˵ʮעأô˾մҶǰԯҡ
ҶȻҲϣܹǰԯңǴҦ裬ź˺ؼҵĽأҲͬһĿռ󷨲֮ء
Ҳһ޴İɫʯ̨Ŀ·Ҷһֳ嶯СԷų̵Щ·
Ȼֻѡ
ҶĽнˣȻˮƽҪߵĶ࣬ռ֮ŷǳռ
Դ֪Ҷ¼֮󣬺նҶ̬ҲĹˣҶǰԺƬ̣ȥɺˣһΣԯͬҽɺҲȥ
⵹Ҷее飬ѵ˵ԯ˵ԯѾԼ磬ҲӦòӦôʹɣ
ƺ֪Ҷɻ󣬺ѹԯǵɺ⡣
ʵԼҲеܳԯҶԼŮȻչˣʵǴϡ
ҶȻʵؼԯǲǸո֪ȫ֮飿
ǰ
Ȼȫ֮ǳ⣬ǺҲᵽԯȻҲȥѯʺɺ飬ղŸԯҡ
ҶûʣԼԲµԯ֮ԻúɺһȥĿľȫ֮꣬ôҲ˵Ӧ֪ȫ֮ô
Ƭ֮󣬺ضԼźɺ˹Ϊԯҿɲʲô˶ܽģԸҼҶ̧ţֻضˡ
˶վʯ̨룬ԭҶΪǼͷ·ʵˣֳʮλؼˣǳĸ֣Χʯ̨룬ֵסһ·ͬʱͷ
ʱҶʶˣԭ߶ֿռ󷨣ҪĵǼΪɹ۵ġ
ûиֵĻô龧ʯҲռ串ǵľԽҪҲԽ࣬ؼǰԯңǧ·̣ҪķʮƷ龧ʯ
Ҷ˵ⲻʲôǶκ˵һʲƵĿ֧ҲĲʲô˶ʹÿռ֮ŵġ
˵ɫƽֻҦȽϼôɴûнռ֮š
·ȫ֮ͬһ޴ֳ˿УֺǸռγɵֲͬҶҲܺ⣬Դÿ·ͬ
ؼҵЩ·϶ԯҵ˿̻ģ̵ؼҵģȻͬ
һɫĿռ֮Ż򿪣һ޼ʵĺɫգյ룬ҶҦ
գҶǰһһޱȹ磬ܱ鲼ֲԴֲʯɣȴ䣬Ȫ顣
Զһΰɽ崣ư磬ɽ֮ݷ裬һӳƮ֮Уǳ͡
Ҷ̲סӣŨ̶ȼֱ˷ָĵزȻҲʣѾ൱ˡ
ԯңȻܹҵһڲŻֻ֮ôȻҲġ
ֵ˵Զһ־ηҶǰԯڵǧɽˡ
˵ǰһؼ׵Ĵ֣֮˫۾䣬źյͷؼɽѾڴˣ
Ȼ˵ΪȺҪԶˣǺյ̬ȴȻʮֹλˡ
һ˵ȱ󺺵Ǵΰɽȥ
ȻǧɽȷҶһ·֮ȴҲûбֳʲôĽ֮ɫΪȻٺãڼʶ˵ҲʲôˣοϾһҪǿĻ硣
ԯҵĽֲеɽλԽߵģסԽߣڰɽ
ſһλɽ׳ѾˣСĽܵҶǰλԯɽԯĿǰеĵһˣ鳾֮
鳾֮
ǵһʵԴﵽ鳾űˡ
ԯɽΪ˴ȴǰ磬Ҷ̽ӭЦݣλһҶҶֵˣԯɽδԶӭҶֵܲҪְ
ҶԯɽĵһӡǳãҲæĻԯԹˣðˡ
һҶֵܾǺˬ֮ˣϽ˵
ҶҲٿĵţȻʱͻȻ䡱һ죬ͬʱ֮ѪһƬޱѪȻ֣Ѫ죬𶯣Х֮ǵأ쳹ǧɽϿգ


940 Ѫ
࣡
Ҷû뵽ԼѪȻʱֳ࣡
˾춯صƣ˶Ϊ֮ͷųǹӴƣͬһɽҦ·ֱһƨ˵ϣؼֵ˫ȷȻδȴҲڼֵֻԯɽ¶ĳ֮⣬һ˿
Ҷ׼Ͻʱ򣬵ͷͻȻ֣ǰԯĵ֮ϾȻ鲼Ѫɫ·
Ȼ·仯ǧ죬ǿЩ·Ҷȴ˫۷ֱ弤ΪԿ϶ԼЩ·
Ѫһе·
ħԯ콾
ֶȻҶԺʶˣλʮǰķԺѪżĹϵܿܣҲͬԼһõѪ֮ˣ
Ÿ뷨ðɻҲǽð˳
ԯ콾죬ʲôϵ֮˭ȳ֣˭֣
˵Ѫֹһ
Ҷ˼֮ʱһͬӴҶ𣺡ǰ࣡
Ҷʱѣæ߶Ѫĳ࣬Ȼתƾճֵλߣ
òƣȻԶѾϢǷ·İȴǲѲ³ǶʵΪǿ֮ˡ
ʧǴֲֿѹ֮½˳ԯɽæλ߹ɽλүү
ˣȻ鳾֮ԯɽүүô˵ҲԯĿǰĵһˣпǴﵽ鳾ű֮۷弶ǿߡ
ʵˣ˾ԯɽֵˣֱϴԯ죬϶ԯأԯˡ
ǵľͣѾǲ£һıչأ̽ԯɽҲǼʮѵüһ棬ȻھȻ֣ѿǶΪҶ
ԯɽԺвԼһ
˵ԯҵʼ棬Ҳλħԯ콾ʧ֮ǰ¹һλλľݣÿμ֮⣬ûκ֪
ֻλ֮ʱһ̾ԯʼʱĻԻͣͬʼ˵ޱѪѪ
ޱѪѪ
仰һ󣬶֪˵Ĳ²У⸱Ӧһĩ֮ȻôгѪ⣬ôգѪɺأ
Ȼ죬ԯɽȻļ⸱󣬲Ҳʲôĩգֻһ֣ԯҴ֮ʱġ
ԯμԯ칧ĶҶһʩʵմ
ԯʲôݣ͵н̩ɽؼҼ̨·ɣ½ǿ߼ÿͿȻȴҶ˹Լ˾еԾӡ
ҶѾµһЩʲôæĻҶ
Ҷѣ
Ҷԥһ£Լֻ࣬ԯѾЦŵ޷ʼµ·ֻһΡ
Ҷԥ˴Ȼûκࡣ
ԯֵܽ룬ԯڽ֮ʱȴǶԯɽ˵ͷߵףתźؼֵԼҦ뿪
ȻؼֵܺҦжǺ治ѣҲ֪ԯλͷԳдҶ£̸ݾԲԼܹģȻֻܹԹԵ뿪
տĴ֮ϣҶ˸£˴˶ӣȻ˴˵ж⣬һʱ֮䣬ǧͷȻ˭֪ôӺ˵˳Ĭ֮С
ԯ˼žȻǴŵ㹧̬ʵҶѣðһ£ʦкˣ
Ҷʵûʦȴǽħ쵱ʦԯ⣬ټԼƲԯ콾֮Ĺϵһµҵе⣬ҵʦû׿ڳĵӣҵУҵʦɣҲһλħۣ
仰һ˵꣬ԯͬʱվɫĵҶѣʦǷ죿
죡
ҶҲǡৡվ֣Լ֮⣬ûеڶ֪ȻȻԯϵĿ˵˳Ȼѣһͷʦħ죡
Ҷ仰£ԯͻȻ볯Źڵأ
Ҷһܵһ䣬Ҫ𣬵λ鳾űҵĳ֣ܹġ
ԯϹڵϣİȥͬĵԯ죬ԯأԯ˰ݼˣ˳֣ȳԯʼ棡


941 ʦ
ԯϵĻҶһʱ֮ûת
ԼΪ㣬ȻҪԼ־ǵʼ棬Ҳλħԯ콾
Ѿʮѵû
عҶæ˵ʲô˵
϶һ֮վ̬ȴȻֶľͬһ㡣
ҶԼüĵλܲܰѻ˵⾿ô£
ҶʵڲϲһͷˮĸоӵѪָоʱʱΧ
ԯˣȥһطʼһ㿴֮ʲôɻΪ𡣡
ã
ԯǿޱȣվڴ֮оͿʼڿп̻·ҶҲע⿴ˣ̻·ʹҲͬȴѪɫģȻӦøѪҲһЩϵ
һȺɫĿռ֮ſԯϹط޷룬ֻܹѪ˲ܽ롣
ҶҲӦòҪԼ롣
һ̤ҶѪٴα𣬳֣Ѿһ䣬ֵ侹Ȼȫܷ״̬˵ˣûУֻǽϿ̻ŵѪɫ·
ͬԯ˵ֻѪ֮˲ܽ롣
䲢ֻڷһѪէȥҶΪһѪ
ߵǰŷֻ֣һѪ״ʯͷȻӦþԯ콾ԼĶˡ
Ҷ΢һҫѪѪʯ֮С
顱һѪʯٿȻըһѪɢγһ˵Ӱ
һĿ࣬׵׳ȥޱȣֻ΢ЦҶͷ֪úʦܣʦãʦԯ콾㿴ʱѾʧˣ
ʦ֣
ҶȻһλʮǰħ۵ĻŵȻԼʦ֣˵ʧܣָʲôأ
Ȼɻ࣬Ҷֻ֪ԯ콾Ӱ񣬸ܺԼʴֻ˵ʲôԼʲôҲѯʣĵȴĻ
ԯ콾̾˿Ҳ֪ѾѪǵʦ˽˶٣֪㽫ѪսĹ˺־磬ΪܹףҾͽ֪һУͷβĸɣ
Ҷ㱻ŵһƨ˵ϣλԯ콾ȻĺԼһʦħˣҲ˵űĻԼʦ֣
ԼȻӵһλʮ֮ǰʦ֣
ʮ꣬ͻȻһѪҵڣӴҵͷ˷츲صı仯ҲҶ˸˽⣬ӦҲһǿѪѪѪ֮УʦġѪսĹǡ
˵ԯ콾һ²Žȥ˵ȻеԺ֮ʱҲ֪ʲôʱһ˵˵ҸЩռϺ²һЩɣ
ֲ²⣬һ֣ѪӦòֹһʮ
仰ͬһݺݵҶԺ֮ը죬ġŵŵš˼ֱ忿ǽ֮ϡ
ҶֻԼ඼ҪˣѪȻһʮ
ʮѪ֮жʮô浽׹˶ٵˣ
ǲǺܾȣ뵽ܵʱҲǱŵˣ룬ʵ⣬ΪѪˣѪǵĳ鳾֮ʱԼܻŸοѪˣȫԽʮѪΪһŸ
ȻֻԼ뵽һ˵ѡ
⵹ǵȷҶȻˣԼھѾһѪķˮԵķôħ޷ʵŸʵ̫ˡ
ͳ϶һģѪеôˣֻڱ֮Уǲеġ
ֻǣѵʦĳͷȫ˳ȥ
ԯ콾Լʦֵˣ϶ҲõһѪֻΪʲôʱϻʮꣿ
УʮѪԼԯ콾֮õһӦû˸Ҳõˣǰ˸ںδأ
ҶԽԽңԽ뷨ͨͨٳʲô룬רĵԯ콾ȥĻ
ղ˵ĵһֲ²⣬²⣬ԼΪûеڶֲ²Ҫǵڶֲ²⣬ٿԽʱϵɻ󣡡
ȷʱϵļ֮Ҷʵе⣬Ȼûԯ콾ĵڶֲ²⣬ҲѾڶֲ²ˡ
ҵĵڶֲ²ѪֻһȴʦʮǸʮ硣
ſ۾ˣ
ԯ콾ͻȻһ֣һѪڿնҶǰһƬƻõľ


942 ʮ
һ磬֮вһЩӰӰ´µĶҶĿҲ޷տ塣
ʱԯ콾ٴ𣺡ҸԼĲ²⣬һ󣬲ʵ硣
ƾĻ󣬾Ȼܹչָʱʮ֮Լһ˱棬ֱͬ侳ɴ˿ɼԯ콾ʵȷ̫ǿˡ
֪ﴵһ磬ɢһһӰҶǰ
ȻӰ沿ģҶȴȻһ۾ϳħ죡
ԭԯ콾ʦڵĵطԻʽ˳չָҶ
ͷƯһѪΣѪɣȥһ㣬ʧ֮С
Ӧ֪ʦǵһƷ죬Ѫͽ˼ڱһ֪ʲôĵطϣܹҵ
ҶĿ׷Ѫƿһ׳ϣ׳ԯ콾
ʦԴӱк󣬵һνѪƵ뿪壬ѰĴˣ͵ҵһ˼ҵĴУõѪϧҸղ˵ʧˣ
ֱʱҶ֪ԭղԯ콾ֺĵһ仰ָľ
תƣ֮еԯ콾վһߴɵɽ֮췢һ̾ͻȻը˿ѪһѪΡ
ѪȻеѪٴγ𣬾ãֻصǸ磬ͷǿѪҡҡͷѪٴγʧ֮С
ҶǰľҲ漴ʧ¶ԯ콾Ӱ
ҲûǽұΪѪѪ֮УٿЩʦʦãԼʦ˼ңܹ˼ҵԸ
ҵĵڶֲ²⣬Ϊʲôһ˵ʦὫѪʮʮ磬ΪֻʮΪʮ֮óմ󣬲ܳжϾ½
ʮΪʮ֮óմ
ⷬҶĿɿڴǺεȾĴ󣬺εȻֱֺʣ
ȥڵн֮⣬ŽֱһԪ磬ǽ磬Ž磬磬Ͻ磬׽磬Խ磬Źʮ磡
ΪʵһԸʦûб֮ǰԾ֮ʮ統вǿޱȵĽƣܾΪʮ֮еȴҲҪԶ޷˽ʹ࣬ҲΪʲôʮǣоڵԭ򣡿ϧûѾסˡ
ҶˣΪʲôʦ˲ֹһε˵硢нЩеǲоĴڣԭԭ
ֻʦʮе˵̫пһ㣬ÿλ̤֮·죬ϣܹߵߵľ磬ʦȴԼǵȨ
ƺ֪Ҷ뷨һԯ콾ЦˣҲΪʦ̫̣ʵʦȴǸʮ˺·Ȼ޷죬ǵǵʵ֮ʱȴǿֱӽѪ
ʲô
ΪҶĺѾǵǽˣ϶ٴ𾪵ĺˡ
ʮеЩ˾ǣȻ޷ǰ죬ȴᱻѪ
þȣЩΪǱ˴ѪѪ֮ǲóЩǵʹ࣬ǿԼ֮С
ˣǵĻ⣬ҵĵڶֲ²⻹û˵꣬ʦΪ˳жϾ½ϵҪѪһδεʮ磬ҵһλʵļ̳ˣϣܹԼԸ
ȥŸ磬˷ʦ겼µĽ֮⣬ûпκµѪ֮ƣҲ²ǵһ̳ʦ²ˣϧʵֻнʦµĽ֮ҵѪ֮ƣطڲ֮ĵ·Ϊ˷ֹƻⲼ½ƣǿ޶ۼػ
Ҳ֪ĸ磬Ҳ֪ҵĵڼλʦܻʦãǰŸ翴ܷԼϼˣȻҲϣһ˾ʦԸ
˵ˣʦܻʦã˵ģ󲿷ֶԼĲ²⣬ʵ྿ʲôҪԼȥ̽Ѱҡ
н翪ԯңֻҪû˽٣ôԯҾͻҲʦֵ͸ļ񣬴뿪֮ԯҵˣΪԯ콾ĺˣԻصκ
ʦܻʦãϣܹʦûɵϣܾȳʦϣܳ׽ѪѪ֮еǧͽƷ죬ʱѪһżüһãһѾԻһЦ£
ԯ콾ӰȥʱϺȻ¶һ־ɫĵҪҪߡˡ


943 
ԯ콾ӰʧˣȫܷķҲһţҶȴûż뿪վԭأ˼֮С
Ȼԯ콾ĻҶ⿪˺ܶ󣬵ͬʱҲǴһЩµʣҪЩϢһ¡
Ǹ߸ϵ磬ҪȴҪ൱ĴۡԼꡣ
ǲӵˣôҪϴӡؽѪ֮Уֹĥ
ĳһ죬ˣһѪӳѪѪͽѹȡ
ҶСʱĴ˵ɹˣ̾ģɨսϵ֮
ʵϣȴʧˣ
ʧ֮ǰѾúʮ磬ҪʮΪʮ֮մ󣬳жϾ½磨磩֮ϵ
ûͲ֪ʲô飬ĳ޷ӳĵطˣȴȻԸԼĿģǾͽѪƳ壬һΪ˲Ѫ˸һҲϣܹδɵ顣
ħϷѪȱн磬ħԯ콾ڣҲҶĴʦ֣ϧǣԯ콾ҲδʵԸֻǽн֮ԱΪѪ»عħ֮
ħȻֽѪŸ硭
뵽ҶͻȻһȻһ£
ԴǧǰǾ޷ǰ磬˵ʦĿʵˣ
ѵ˵ʮöɵմȻˣж˾ͷϵ
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ֻǲ֮нڱΪĽأԼĿǰʵ»뵽ģԼʵҪģǸϽԼʵ
ҶҲˣԯ콾ʧ֮ǰ૵Ǿ仰͵ʦ˵һô첻壬ƺʲô飬˶֪ȴȷǷøԼ
ˣҶѾټ˼ȥ̧ͷ׼֮뿪
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º΢츮Ľ΢˶£
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ҶĲټȥˣ֮ƣֻһһһĿϵĵӡ
ٴĿһңҶһ˳ȥԽգȻ»صԯҵĴԯԾɫƺûĵȴҶĹ
ˣˣ
λѾ֪ǧˣƺԼΪˣҶǿЦãò˵ʦǸԼһݼԼ޷ܵĺ
½֮һнʮ겻ԯң
λʦ֣ҲǵʼѾһЩ飬һһЩɻϣλܹΪҽ𡣡
˵
ҶæֵλˣֱҵּɣҪǷҪֵĻͺɣ
ҶݣʮԯǹŶˣǼΪؾɣϴĶأԲǸѪһƺԼ
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ʦֵθ˵ģڵ֪ҵʦ˭֮󣬾Ϊ
ʼ浱뿪֮ǰһ仰һգԯ۵üޱѪѪľ֮ʱԯԻͣعʦ֮գ֮ˣҲԯµˣͬңΥҴߣɱ⣡


944 
ôѵ֮⣬ûԯң𣿡
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ԯҡͷش꣬һԵԯ˺Ȼŵԣ磬Уȫ֮꣡
ȫ֮꣡
Ҷ뵽˺ɺû뵽ɺȫ֮꣬Ȼʮǰͱʦ֪ˣ
ԯ켱æԼԴԶԶԣʹˣԲˣʼȷʵ˵һ죬ӵȫ֮ˣҪô׽ɱɢҪôܱΪȫ֮ƽµĳĹؼʲôʼûϸ˵ˣ
ҶҪϸ˵ˣΪѾˣʦӵĴֻһǾǲ֮ĴصǸ
ԭ֮ԷѾ˼Ҫɺȫ֮ߣΪƵǸ󣬿ǣ֪Ǹڵģ;ʲôϵ
ȻҶԯϣĿһϣúؼҼմŮǲǵ˼
ǣ
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ԯ϶˼ǧˣȻܹҶ֮һ˿Ƶζԯһתǻںɺ֮·ӡܹôӡͻὫ곹ըС
ȻԯϵĿģΪ˳׻ɱɺҶı֮£ȴǻ˵
ȻҶȴ΢΢һЦѾ˷ӡѵǻܼӡܣҲͬ⣬ɺֻһ޹Ůӵȫ֮Ҳ˼Ϊͽɱϣλ֮һλʼػߣİȫ
϶һۺܱһʱǱһʼ˵Ǹ󷨵ҪԣӦñһץߣǺ
ҶҲüͷȷôǿĸһСŮڣʵڲʵнΪմ֮һޱҪһƻ롣
ǣɺκιûУѵΪȫ֮꣬ͱҪ
ɣȱͬʱԯ֮нӵ䣬ģҿǸ֮˵ɣ
֮УҶѾʼԯҷʩԯϷǵŭ¶ϲɫΪҶݣӴ֮ԯҲӭյĻԻ͡
ʵ˵ףǸ֪Ѫһžʲôɣ벻ͨΪʲôԼʮǰڻҶ˵ʦ֣ǲǵԯ콾ҶԼɱؼ˵ǿʵʶҶʼɱȻǿ֮
ҶƬ̺һһ£ܹͨĿռ֮𣿡
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Ҷһ㶣ԼĶžܿռ֮ţǵʵӦòȶͣΪʲôȴأ
ԯ˵һ仰ףֹǣнڣ¼½ǿߣ޷򿪿ռ֮ţ
ħʮ֮вǿĽƣԾܾ˵ͬʱҲʮ֮ߵ֮·޷˾磬ȻҲ޷ԽĿռ֮š
Ϊܹ뿪н磬ôȫԴԽ磬ȻټĻͿԲƣҲܹ̤˾ˣ
ΪʲôԣΪʮˣ
֮ҶҡͷЦԼҪص磬ֻԼˡ
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ҶѾܾûıչˣڷҲ¿ͺúõİıչأܷȡøͻƣԼ·˵Ѫ֮ơ
Ȼʱԯ˺ȻֿڵȻнû˿ԿԽĿռ֮ţ֪иطȴһϵĿռ󷨣Ӧÿͨ磬ֻǣ˵ɺûгɹʹù
Ҷ۾һûгɹʹùʲô˼
޷ʹã룬ҲʹǸ󷨡
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ؼң
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һԼҲĿʹ󷨣ֻҪܹԼǸ󷨣СԽϿ̻·ɵܽĸƳ
ԯԥŵֻؼҽ䱸ɭϣӲǿȻĻ޷ؼҡ
أ
ҶϿŰ˸š
ԯҺؼųȥţֻܹǼΧֱӽؼңһֻܽһˡ
ҶеĿռ󷨣ֱܷؼң
ҲܣؼҼ֧֮дڵĿռ󷨣ǿֱͨؼңֻǷ֧ڿռ󷨱ɭϣпֱܻӻٵ󷨡
Ҷ΢΢һЦٵҲ£ֻҪڻٵ֮ǰһ۾Ϳˣ


945 ؼҸ
ȻؼܹԽĹ󷨣ҶȻҲ͸ı˱չصĴ㣬Ͼϣص硣
ˣؼǺʱģ
ʵҶѾԲµнؼңԼģ鵺ȵֵԭ򣬶Ϊʦʮ֮Ⲽ½ƣֹ˵Ľ룬ǿҲʦ⣬޷£ò룬ĿľΪ취ٵֽơ
ǧǰʮ֮εմ󣬸ǳж˾ͷ˽ͨԱƵǲòϽ취⡣
ԯؼҴ֮ǰģǵĵһطƾðһʵǿ֮֮˵ʱԯҵһ
֮ǰʱҶһЩ룬᲻ǸʱմѾҪͣԵ¾òϽפ˽磿
ʱǵĸҲҪǣҲʧˣΪؼһΪǿ
Ҷ΢΢һЦϵ̧ӳӡǲ
ԯϵ۾ȻȻ֪Ҷɱؼˣû뵽ȻӡռΪ˼Уͷ
ԯ˼ĵȻӡѾշȫƾԯҵֱؼң
ղҶҲ취ջǷˣΪؼҿɲͬġ鵺ҳ֮һĺû֮бȻΪǿķ·Ǳزٵġ
ԯҴٽܹؼңҲḶ൱ۡ
ҶʱȰֻ˽¾ǧɽؼҼ֧λ֮󣬺ȻʲôһͻȻһˡ
ԯϿԲѵĺˣʶҶָź˵ɱҵģһõˣ
һ⻰һ㶣ŲȻŭ뷢ȴҶס֪߲ֻǸѣǸ֪ҵݣҵһλܷһǰҦǣһҦϼ廤͵
Ҧڴ󲿷˶ѾˣǲǾǰȫģֻǰᵽԯҵǧɽܻԴİȫ
ȻԣͷԸȥ졣
ȵȣǾȥ϶ҲҦҵˣҦһȥɣ
һõͻȻҦǣҦҲ֣صĸʵֻдҦ裬š
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Ҷ󲽽˳һӭȥҦżĵҶ磬û°ɣ
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ҦԶʱҪҶ£ȻҶ˵ⲻһС£ܹԯҵıӻܹԯҵסأҦ˵ȴǱ컹Ĵ¡
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Ҧҵʱˣɺȴû취ֻеȵҶص֮ҵο˵
ǺؼֵֻסǧɽҶھǰؼҼ֧֮ǰȱչ죬׽ӡշ˵

ͬʱλڽ½ȺɽؼҵĴ֮Уĸˣķ
ڣһλ뷢԰׵ߴӵӭĵݼ󲮣
λΪسҲǱҶɱĸף鳾֮
ȻǺƽؼǴﵽ鳾ĸ֣Ҳ֪˱ɱϢ
سˮĵǸҶ𣿡
ӱɱŭ޷ƣһ󺺼æǰ󿴵˵һ˽˺ؼҡ
Ǹ˭
һСҦԭȵһ˵ҶõҶʶͽһ
سһ⣺ǻʲô·һ·ǰؼңһ·ǰҦңͳͳ
ĸԲһ𣬴󺺴ŵӵ󲮣ؼҿԯڱ
ԯôˣŲ˶ˣǵĴүү֮
һ仰ʱ¶ϲ֮ɫүүȻܹ֮ڽ½޵еĴˣﻹй˼ʲôԯҡ
ǣԴǰ
˷ܵ˳سȴȻͻȻڣӰڣ
ڣ
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аܹɱǸҶ𣿡
߳ɰգ
߳ѾԳһˣ㰵иһǰҦңҹҶ϶֣ʱ㲻ϧһд۽ɱ
ǣ
سһЦ˶ΪؼֻӡǾû뵽ؼһһҶҶӦǷѪɣǡĿǣ


946 ۾
ȻԯϽԼĵطøҶҶȴȻ뵽˻硣
ǺѾȺչأûгɹľ֮ǰǲأ˳ĪҲֻнǳ£ڻʵѧϰԡ
СԣȻѾĪ龧ʯɹ£ǿҶȻǼΪ˷ܣֱͶĻС
ҶԼĲ²⣬ΪԼӰºͱˮӴһʱ䣬ǵζСԲŻԼ׽
Ȼ׽Ĵ۾Ҷֲòó龧ʯ͸Сԡ
Ϊ˶Ҷĵûǵע⣬ҶҲȥǣʴ˸к֮󣬾Թ˸طϥϸֳӡ
շѪķҶȻҲɹӡΪԼͬʱ˽⵽ӡϸô
ӡûһʯƶɣз·ɴСĶ䣬ɽɹɷΪʯͷķǿ
ټҶսԻɽԽ䵱Ǻʵá
Ҷ˽⵽֮Ҫӡ͸ǣΪǾԣҪȵǳΪ֮
ȻڹսͷѪ죬ӡ鳾ű侳ĸ֣ȻǶְɣ
Ҷĵ
Ҷϲ˵κ鶼ǾԼȥԵҲˣ뵽ԼƱҪؼңؼ֮еλ鳾űĸ֣еͷۡ
Ȼõİ취ǱչغúֻҪҶľܹﵽ鳾ֻ鳾һ䣬ԼĹԼ챦Ŀ鳾űĸ֣Ŀǰųأ鳾൱ңԶؼҾԲܸôʱ䣬ȵ
ȻӵţЩǴؼģͨĵطҲؼң鳾űĸ֣ŵʱ䶼ûС
ˣҪ뵽һ취ٿ鳾űֵʱӵ׵Ա֮
ҶٴνԼӵе챦֮ٻ˳չһİԼǰ
긫Ѫ죬ӡԪˮ۾Լеޣ
ҶĿһһĴЩ챦ƹ۾ϡ
۾صǽܹ󣬶Ҿ˵ܽӵ£ԶʱͿռ䡣
ҶԹ߶۾ʹȫҲֻγɰߵһ硣
ҶȻֽ۾ȡУĵܳɹõ֮УôҾΪԼȡʱ䣬Ӷߣⲻõı𣿡
ڵҶѾǵǵʵˣԵ˿ԴԴԴϵӿ۾֮۾ľ֮һ׹⣬Ѹͣĥ̴С
ĥ̴СĹâ֮УֳһأҲҶһμǸѩص磬ͬ⻭һɽˮ硣
۾Ļ󣬸ĵط൱Ĺϵ
ǰֻа˴С磬ھȻǵĥ̴С⻹ҶȫҶ˷ܲѣ̼ӴĹ䣬֮ͬˮһ㣬ӿ۾С
׹Ȼٴα󣬶γֳ磬״СȻɲ󣬵Ѿһˡ
ǳݣһ£
Ȼ۾ĻѾ㹻ҶȻҪҸˣµĽǳݾͳѵʵ
ڽǳݳ֮ǰҶѾɢȥȻǸҲ֮ʧ
ǳݣңȫҪ֣
ܽǳݲҶΪʲôԼرҪ󣬵ǶҶƴӵûκεԥѾȻȭҶȻ
ǳݵ壬ֱκγȫһȭӳȭͷķƶѾԱߵļʯֱ飬Ҷȴ΢Цվﲻ㡣
ۿŽǳݵȭͷҪҶͻȻһ׹Ҷʧˣ
ǳһȭ˸գμתҪ̽Ҷ䣬תһȦҲûҵҶ
ʱǳͻȻýһͷһԭԼ˫ŲŵĴؾȻһӣڿٵԼ塣
ǳӱȽֱûҶܹôرӵģֻǱܵһŭ̧˫ȭȻȥ
֮ȭͷݺݵ֮ϣȴһ˿㶼ûнΪⷽѾĲס˽ǳݵ˫֡
彥ӣ˫ֱס½ǳ޼ƿʩˣֻܷŭķ𣬶ǰһ׹
ǳݺȻֽµӺϵѾʧ֮⣬ҶЦĿԼ


947 Ѫ
ǳݣ
ǳȫ֪ղʵ۾Ļ֮УҶΪ۾ˣԸԼ뷨ʱıԲŻӺĳ֡
ҲΪˣҶȻ֣ЩĵĻ֮⣬񻹿ԽԼӵеĸ֮뵽۾УӶӴе˸Ĵ
ˣƤĽǳݾͳҶõ
Ҫ뱣۾ĻҪĴҶҲ޷̫õʱ䣬ǴһᣬϢһᣬһ

ҦԼⱲӶûôվ鳾һ֮ԯҳԯԼеĳֵܣʮһõľӢȫǳĸ֡
ôһȺ˴һڵظҦǵһ·ϣκ˼æ˱ᣬһ۵ûС
ҦЩҵҦĵطҦȻǰʱ۾Ҫۿ֮еɳˡ
˼۾֮ҦȻȻԼǲΣȫ޷ţԯҾȻɳôĸ֣ԼҦҸǧɽ
ҦȻ˫۷ֱӣҦ費Цŵүү𷢴ˣǸϽȥʰʰǰǧɽɣҶ绹ڵأ
Ŷúúãͻؼң
ҦȻ˷ܵĲѣԯ˵ǰȴҲ̫ֱصҦԼķ֮󣬲̲סЦҦڿüپССҦˡ
ȻҦȻЦ꣬ͻȻһ벻
ҦȻЦȻֹæţվŵĹȻѾԼߵĴҦԡ
ԣôˣ
Ҧȫ뿪Ҧ֮ʱͷɥǡǡ෴ĴλҪһĺϢ
ʲôϢ
ҦҷĻˣһؼһֻҪҦ轫ҶƭǾܽؼңӴ֮󡭡
ʲô
ҦȻȻҦԵĻؼˣô£ôؼҴϹϵ
Ȼ뿪ҦңʼûԶǸתƣû뵽ؼҵˣһֺ˪ɱڣץѯҶ䣬ҾǰһҦҵˣȻʮֿǾʹЭ飬ֻҪܽҶƭôǾܽؼң
ҦĻ㣬Ǻ֣֪֪ԯҵھҦңѾӦסǧɽˣ
Ҧм֮ɫǲ֪ԯڷ⣬Ƿⲻ˼ˣؼҵȵɱҶ֮󣬾ͻٽԯңò˶ãнͻؼΪˣ
ҦȻһ㶵ļٵģԯҶʮˣؼȴŲ֮ãԯң
һƭ㲻ɣҵĻɣ˵ǲҶƭĻؼҵһŭ֮£û׼Ҧң
ҦȻ΢һҡҡͷУԣԯҵھҦңؼҪǵĻǲԹ۵ġ
֪ؼɳĸжҸ㣬ܹʮˣʮӵĸֺ鳾ĸ֣ԯܴĹ𣿡
ҦȻʱסˣԯȻҲ˲ֻһλԯ鳾ģʣ¶ʮ˶ǳģԱ֮£ȷؼҵĶ֡
ǣô죿
ؼѾ֪ԯҵˣԸһֶҩ鳾ĸַ£̶ʧȥսֻҪ
ʱ֮ҦҵĴ߽֮һȺˣΪ׵òƵˣʮˣŮɱ֮ǵΧһǿս⣡
ؼǿӵΪ׵ǱҶɱ֣׺˪
ĵ֮ϣ˵ڶʮһˣȻԯеһø֣Ѿȫжȥ
Ǿ벻ҦҾȻеڸǵĲˮ֮¶ҶҩҩԻ˾ҡ
׿ԯ֮ŵǿ鴫ѶʯһЦ֪ͨԯҵˣΣԯ֮⣬ȫɱˣ
һ£ʮ֮߳ʮˣ׵Ļһõи֣һ֣ʮŻǣ˲ͽʮʬһգصĻҽ
ʱҦȻѾҦԵΡΡ˽׳΢΢һЦҦĲǱѪеɱôԯҵˣһҪȥҶƭ
ҦȻһɨϵЩҽȶԾĲﻹΥ׵ĻæͷңҾ
ǾһȻĻЩҽҦҵİ


948 е
ʰԼҦ裬ĽŲתȥ߽Լүү
үүҾͿʰˡ
ҦȻϼһЦݵȱʰүүмҪ㡣
ҦȻͷҲصļʰŶүүҶԯҵأ㵽Ҳģʲô˵أ
Ҷ֣ҦȻ̲סһҧҾ㽫ҶǰҦеҪ鷳
ҦֹͣʰתͷĿҦȻүүҶԯңǧ֮ңʲô£ȵǧɽ֮Ұ˵ֻҪֵ̫£Ҷ϶æġ
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ҦȻٿȻվһҦ裬ѵүүĻҶǰҪ飬Ҵôôѣ
үүҦҲһȴȻ޷⣬ΪʲôүүҪҶǧɽԶĸϵҦңȰ˵үүʱͻȻ۾һֱ߽һˡ
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Ҧʶ˲ԾԼʶɢǹƣ˿ԯЩˣҲ˵ҲӦһλ鳾ĸ֣ĿԸҶǵзѡ
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㵽˭ΪʲôҪҦң
ҦȻ̾˿λؼҵǰԯҵˣѾǰͳͳɱˣ
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ҦȻҦⷬʵԶԣȴһҪ㽫Ҷƭھɱ㣬˵һ飬Ҫô̽ҶеҪôҾ̶ɱҦţ
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ҦͻȻһֻŭʨһȻſͣһҧסҦԵСȡ
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ҦһתƣͻȻһˣǰҵĴӺҦ賤мƣܲðҦ裬Ҷƭأ
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ҪҪɱˣ
ֻҪҶһŲܣʱ䣬ҶˣҦܻҶҦұ

֮ͻȻҶʵ統УҶֹͣԼ飬ڵƷĽǳݱʾ̶ȸл۾ֱ뿪˻硣
ĳԣҶѾȫ޶ȵķӳ۾ˣҲ鳾ű֮ʱȫˡ
ǰҶľԯɽλ󺺸ҶĵһӡǳãԯҶѾ֪Ҷ˵ݣԯɽ̬ȹվ⣬˫ĬĬĵȴš
Ҷ򿪷ţЦŵԯ֣ʲô𣿡
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Ҷһ㶣ԼûиҦʲôѶʯףһԯҦʱģȻǿԼӡ
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949 ѵĸо
ԯɽ֣ҶڴѶʯֶͲ˽⣬ȻҲ޷Ӱģϵ֮Է֡
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֪ˣ鷳ǰҦǰɣ
ԯɽͷҺһȥɣ
ãһȥͿˣӦûʲô飬˵һõĸֺԯ𣿡
Ҷ֪ԯɽǵԼİΣο϶ûʲô£ԼȻѾ۾ôҲʱȥתתˡ
ҶֲԼ棬ԯɽȻҲǿǼҵĿռֻܵһãǰҦҡ
ԣȥҦҵ·ߣһԼȥġ
ԯɽٶԣԴҶռ֮ߡ
ҶոգռŹرյһ̣ͻȻһ洫ҶǰҶǰ
ԯɽüͷ΢΢һ壬ԯҷǳɻִСУĲԯҵˣǺؼҼա
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ؼǺôĵӣ׼ԯսˣգھȥؼңҵĴѶʯ֪ͨԺǰ
ԯɽϣԼĴѶʯյͬʱҲѾţֱ룬ǰؼˡ
ŴѶʯϢ֪ͨԯϣ֮Ҳҵæɳһ̸ؼҾԮ
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ҶҦĴǰŶĴţȴ˶ûУֱüͷҦҲ̫˰ɣ
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ʮְΧҶɫƽޱȣâֱֱĿ˵Ǹ˵Ҧԯҵأ
ЦŵԼѾͷˣȻȥıˣҲգ˸ĹϵӦöʮ׽ɣҾһ档
˵Ѿδ󺺷ֱ˳Ҷǰ˫ĿգȻԵԯһͷɢ˺۵Ҧ衣
Ҧ˹⼸ûٰļλøĴѾΣȻûҲֻʣһˡ
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ҶȥҦ裬ȻǸˣҲȴһЦҪҾɱԯ֮ҪǾԯҾɱҦ裡
һ仰ʱҶξֹ


950 ʮ칭
Ҧԯʮ׿⣬ȻҶԼһʱڽͬʱ£Ҳͬʱ㹻ɱ֮еκһˡ
ԭ׸Լѡ
Ҷɫƽɱؼ˵ңҪӦңΪʲôҪǣ޹֮˽ȥǣ־ܣؼҴãΣ
׷ЦҶҶû뵽㻹˽Ȼ㶼˵ˣɱؼҵˣѵɱ׽ˣʮֺ𣿡
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Ҷ˫ĿѣؽҧһʧȻںֱӳ嵽ҦߣҦΪ˸Լȡʱ䣬ԼԯȳܹҦΪۣΪԼıʱ䡣

һҺץԯĴ󺺵СըһѪѾΪУԯȻѾ䵽ҶС
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˾һ㣬޼᲻ݣÿһʸײ÷飬Ƭ֮䣬ʸѾʧ١
׵ɫҶȻһХʹݻʮ칭ĵһֹʵҲʵǹǿ˰ɣ
Ȼģܹ֮˵ʵһͷųʮֵʵӣǾһɿֲ
ױһҪֱ֣ǿ


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׵Ļ£ʮ˵϶ȻͬʱһͬһеŽ𹭸׻ɢ
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ҶȻղ֮һŭֱƽ칭ĵһֹǴ˿֧Լľ޼ȴǲ˿ĵ
׼ӳӡסԼʱеһͻȻڿ֧޼ܣԼֳһЩɫͬ֩һ·
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ҶѪȫͷŻ棬׺˪Ҳ֧Ų̫õʱ䣬˿ϣ̵ʱڽЩˣȻרĶԸǸˡ
ȼһ֧ʱ֮Ҷʶ̽˴ڵȻһ֮£ȴȻɫΪʮ˸˴ֵķΧ֮УȻһˣ


953 ѡ
ʮ˸˷Ѫ죬ܹͷ棬ܹԳ󷨣סһƬ򣬽κ˽
󷨸ܹʶ󷨣ߣҲʮȫʧӰ١
Ҷʶʼոܱ֮߰ڣҪƿ󷨣Ȼоʵ޷ţʮܹڲԼȻ뿪
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Ҷô׾͵Լ潫ô˾ߣչ߷ɣ죬Ȼײɫ϶
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ղҶҦԯ֮ѡһʩȣҶҲʩɫǸʼûгֵؼһѡ
¼žޱȣֻлžҶŷЦѡɣȻʧȥˣǶʮ˶
ҶԵĿռٴγһѷ죬δֵĲƣһͬСɽߵľ޴ıҶݺѹȥ
ҶѾʮֵע⣬ܵռѷֵɲǣӡȻͷⴹ½廤ס
ȻײӡϣӡȴӲĿס˱Ĺڿ˽֡
ҶЦӣѡֱӹңϧһɱңڣΪѡ񸶳۰ɣ
䣡
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ҶǾ׼Ŀ˻¶ȣûֱҪĳֱճɻҽʹࡣ
ΪȥһˣΪҦڸ
ڣһɫӰͬһҶǰ˵ܶһɫӰӣ˸޷ȫòɢǹɷȴֱ
ҶĿˣ


954 ո
˳֣֮е׺˪ͬʱߺӰǳȥ
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ӶԷϣҶоԵΣϢֵе֮УӰļһǿҲµģ
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Ӱڣû˿͸飺ղűɱЩˣҵ£
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ҶҲ˵ؼ֧ǿ֣ӰݣȻ˾裬Ӱ侲Ŀ£ȻܹĿԼ±ҲȣԼ
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Ҷ˫ĿĿֻܹ㣬˽ܣ֮ϲ˽ɫ·ҫ
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ͬʱĵײҲ֮һɫĶڣͷų޾֮ƺ뽫Ҷ˸С
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УôİˣҶһҧʩչƶٶ˼ޣͬͬһӰһƬ֮зɿƶš
һȷʱҶĴٰˣȴûκεĺôΪʱ˿̣Ӱ϶Ƕĳ֮УĵȴţȴҶĵĲʱٳ֣


955 
ҶʩչƶľͬһƬƲʣϵƬ֮벻ҲڷɿתͷĥŶԸӰİ취
ֻƳķԼŤתĿǰľơ
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ǣȫһĺҶһգʱǻΪϵ⣬ƾӰ׸ˡ
ҲУҲУ
Ҷ޵ҧгݣѵԼҪɥڴ˵
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ģҲû֮ǰǲģֻҪո֮£ҿ⴩ԽգҲҵҵģڣҾҪĲӬһһһƵĽĳ࣬Ϊȥ±𣡡
Ҷһͦ˿ãҾͿνģ

һһֻ޴ƿҶԵĿռ䣬϶Ҷȥ
ͣҶܵĴضʱһƿҶʱҶȴͻȻð硣
硰ž죬һǿȻεסӰֻƣղŻҪѵҶȴͻȻֱͣۿ磬һѾץסƵһһɣӰ
һӰӣӲıҶǼϵշ϶֮и˳ͬʱһҫ۵İ׹Ȼ


956 
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ͬʱҲоҶǽץסԼͻȻɿæ󳷣ҪٴδȥȻʱžȵķ֣ԼȻ޷ˣ
׹ʧӰĿ⼱ɨΧҶȻҲŰ׹ʧˣ
ⲻܣ
ո֮£ǿؼҼ鳾ű֮ĳ֣Ҳܴߡ
ǾӰ޷ʵǰȴʧȥҶӰĸоԼҶ˲˵ֵԼ¶Ҷ˰ʱȴŸԼһ
ӰܹΪӵ죬ȻҲǼѣټϾ޷ԽգʵҲǴﵽ鳾֮ʵʵĸ֣Ժ֮ܿĺڰӰͬһ˺ɫҺ壬ʼӶȥ
ڰӵеֻҪӰ˭Ҳ޷Ρ
ܾĵģûκζۿԼӰӶѾҪ򶼸ʱӰȻ˲ԡ
Ϊ˸õĶԸҶԼոס֮ڣҲԼԽյѾ롣
СҪԼӰȫǣҲҪʱ䣬ڣһʱ䣬ӰӾȻѾôһƬ
˵ռͻȻСˣ
Ŀռ䲢ûбСֻӰѾڸղŰ׹ҫһ̣뵽۾Ļ֮С
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ΪʹӰΣҶǸ˼ĴۣʵѾӴղٻʣ֮һûжãװûѡ
ԭҶΪӰԼľ϶ԼȻɱԼû뵽ӰȴϵڱƵҶòװȥػ㣬ⶼӡķӡҲӰС
ӰǲΣͷҶͻȻ뵽ԴԴ֮Щ磬иԣڱеʱܹס޷ѣֱҶƴٰӰһƵͬʱͷų磬ǳɹĽק˳
ȻҲʧܵĻôҶ޼ƿʩֻˣ
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һ֮е׺˪ʱþȣȻȴҲֻԶΪ޷ոķ֮ء
ͬѪҲһ岻ҶҪĳֻ׵Χ֮⣬ٴαʮ˸γһΧȦΧ

棬˱
ͬʱҶҲץס˻긫תͷһѾԾӰ˫鱧ţ˫۾䣬Ķסһɫ
ڵȣĴ󲿷ٿطѪ죬û취ȫֻܵȵ֮𽫱Լձ֮Ի긫֮
ǱӡͻԪˮҪǿĶ֮ƺȻ޷ۻ
ȴͬʱڻ֮еӰȴڿʼ˹
񱩵ͬɽһ㣬ϵĺڻ֮ϣҶܵ𵴣ϵҧš
ۿŻѾʼмܲסֳɢʱҲڳɹĽһɫˣҶƴԼʣȫĻ긫ݺݵ˳ȥ
ﬣ
Ȼֱ۶ʱʧȥ֪ȴɹɫ
һϣոķöʱʧʣʮŸ뱬ҶҲҲǵɽˮĵزԸҼ
һУʮ˸˷Ѫعڣҧ⣬һѪѾʧȥ˷֮ո֮ϡ
մȾҶѪҺոڿжȻһҡΣ˲СһߵıҶһץסѾӰһЦӡǵԴʱͼķǣͷһõģ
˵֮ҶȻһţռ֮ţؼ˵ʧˣ
ؼȻ޵ҧгݣȴҲ޿κΣڻ֪Ҷ򿪵Ŀռ֮ţͨؼҵΧڣ


957 Ӵ
ؼҴ֮УسĶҪγˮˣؼܹɳʮӸ֣鳾֣ӰؼɱԸҶȻֻɱһõĶʮˣǵûɱҶոҶߡ
һòԯҵΧȫԯ˵Ҳû˿Ӱ죬Ȼӵȴؼǿһ֧һʮˣȽϣʧ˵ǼΪĲء
Ȼ˵ӡӡ޷ոȣΪӡҶԴֻҪҶҪƾһԴĨκ˶Ҳֻܵ衣
һ֧ȥԸؼҵĶ飬̫أֻҲûȫؼңⱾ֮е£Ϊԯҿ϶˾Ԯһ·ֻ𹥣ɢԯҵעѡ
ܵ˵ؼΪ˶ԸҶԯңȻ˴ȴ͵ʴף˲СԪ
سݺһŶڵϣǧ׵ʯȫ촷ۣҧгݵĵнڼӴܹͣṩҶģһȷϣƷ龧ʯʮ飬ܹʬģƷ龧ʯٿ飬ܹ׽ģƷ龧ʯǧ飡
˴ͣؼǾò˼飬һƷ龧ʯļֵ㹻һ֮ͨʳǣٿƷ龧ʯΪҦСṩһ֮衭
ҲףسǶŭˣҶڱصã
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ȻҶҲö֮ҡ¶棬ӿռ֮ų֮á֮ˮıԼòͶ˱仯Ȼû긫Ӳڳһɽû취ҶΪƬɽ֮жǿĽơ
ɽִ潫ɽ֮ǰһ򵥵֮Լ˻磬Ͻʼָ
һ֮ȫָҶһھǱ֣ҲԱ֮ˣȴ׼ô뿪ΪȻؼ֮һͨĹ󷨣


958 ҧҶ
ҶҪͨؼҼķ֧ǰؼңڼȻѾؼҵΧȻٲô鷳ֻҪ󷨣϶Ҳ׵£õ󷨣ؼҲȻϼӿ
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ȻСԳһ֮ȴǰ㣬һģͽĵҶĻС
ٶҶ΢΢һ㶺Ȼ㽫·£ҾͿշȻٽ·»ȥ


959 
СԸҶĪĻȻǶҶ˲Լˡ
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ո֮дڵһͶɣܹռ䣬Խա
ȷһ޴ڵոǲģûЩ·ûκãҶ㲻òʼСԣĪİ֮£龧ʯСԲǽ·³ӡ˱֮ϡ
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ȻСһҪʶÿ˶һҶԼġ״
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ƣ
Ҷһ֮Ȼ˽ǳݵǰСԾô˵ģʲôǵƣ
ǳݱͶԲϤҶôһ֮󣬸ǶʱԶˣվҡͷ֮⣬һֶ˵
ҶҲ֪ҪýǳݽԼ⣬֪Ҫȵ£ҲͷŹ˽ǳݣոϵЩ·һϸϸĹ۲죬һƣӦþ·ǵƣѵ˵·֮⣬еص·ĴֻǴûκ˵
һ֮£ҶĿ֮Ͽ̻·ԼϤ·֮⣬ȼİ·
ԻԲ
Ҷ÷ɽ˺һ״̬֮¾򵽵һ
Ǹָ·Ѫ֮ƣǵ·ȻͬǶһص㣬ǾЩ·ԲΣȻǺԻԲϡ
Ȼڱ֮ϳԲε·֮⣬Ǽİ·ȴǳֳһַΡ
ƣԲط
һɲǣҶƺ뵽ʲôȴͬһƳݼţûüȥץס
Ҷ̧ͷ죬ͷȥأ֮ĵͷأȻôȻҲӦ֮Ӧĵ֮صΪһ壡
Ȼ֪˵ƵĴڣҶȻҲԼΪʲôղ޷ͻոˡ
СԣСһȻֳܹƺ͵ƣӿӦþˡ
ΪֲһԼСԵǸ⣬Ҷͳ龧ʯι΢˵㡣
ҶʼʹոܹʱԽգԼ˵ڰȫֶһ㱣ϡ
ԭҶΪֻҪո֣Լʱգֱʼʩչʱ׹ҪԼ˺һƬգȻԼ·İ֮£ܽա
ո֣Ա֤һС֮оԲΣա
Ҳ˵ʵ͵ˣӵոҲ޷ӳϾ˺ҲҪ鳾ʵ
ҶӿɽȻ̳һɫշ϶ͬʱӿո·⣬Ҷ֡
ҶֻԼɲǼһ̣֮деǿʱͳ˱Լ˺շ϶֮С
ȻգҶѾİǴʱ˿ַʽ룬Ȼȫµ飬Χޱ޼ʵĺڰ㣬ʱѾʧȥãҼžû˿ֻпտޡ
Ҷ˶Լ˵Ļ̲סĵֻ֮¾ȻǾһʲôˣ
䣬ҶȻһɾ޴ӿԼϣƺҪԼ˺һϵ·̽ʢâ壬˳ȥ
Ҷ󱳶ʱʪ֪ǹգԽ֮ʱɷģղԼֻǶͷ⵽֮ϮչȻʮֿ£
측ıʹ֮ҶҲ֮гӿ뱦ɣ֮лһ϶϶֮⣬ǻ硣


960 ؼҹ
ҶĨȥո֮ӰһеʱؼҵӰȴ̲סһƺߣһɲֵ֪ݺݵײڣ³һѪ
һ̣ɫ԰ֽΪ֪Լո֮ϵѾжϣӴ֮ոҲ
ոӰѾʱ䣬ȻھȻ˱˵ĶʧֱȿҶԼǰ߻Ҫܣ
ӰһһĵҶһҪɱ㣡
飬ޱȵ

Ҷڻ磬õĻᱻҵĵո֮ãڿĴԽգٿո
ˣڸȥؼˣҦ裬ģĳһ㱨ֻڻʱ򡣡
Ҧ裬ںԼƵľҶܵһȻ֮ǰԼڻԼֱΪ˲ԼϧԱҶΡ
Զ޷Ҧ֮ǰעԼвûʹ࣬һֽѣʮȻۿѾӭʱȴˡ
ҶûнҦѶ߸Īǣ˵Ҳû˵һжȵΪҦ豨֮
ҶȻ޲̾ͽؼţûɥʧ侲ԼӵոĿǰҲ϶ؼҵĶ֣ӰһܹùҪǸ¹󷨣Ȼ취صԯ硣
Ͼ绹һλо綾ԯ⼸ҶҲܷԯ֮ϧΪ̫ͣ޷鳾ֶЧĶ˫ð⣬һԯڳȡ˲ֶҺȥ
ʽҶҲǼֲˡ
Ҫ뱣סԯֻлصԯңӦа취
ʰһУҶ뿪˻磬ȥϢƿ˶ڵĴʯ˳
һƬɽȣɽ֮⿴ȥԼɼһ޴ĽΧƣǽƶ֮ϣͬɾǾͲؼҡ
ΪؼҵΧҲʮܣ˲½֮⣬ѲӵؼҼҶҲǲ١
ҶϸĹ۲ãؼѲӵ·μ֮ŵǱؾһʯ֮󣬾ĵȴš
ڣǶȥ֮ʱҶͬһֻèһ㣬ϢĳǵֱץסһҶȻûб˷֡
ֱԶȥ֮ҶٴץҶֱӿԷڣʶɽ¶ʯͷʼĿбʹ󷨵䡣
λؼҼҶȻҲгʮصʵǵȴԵúСҶ֮ɫûҶôʣʵʵĿڵɱң󷨾ؼҺɽɽһɽ֮ϣΪ޷ʹãԷǺϣǰʵ״룬ҲõĻᱻ˷֡
ȻԷʹ죬ҶҲΪʶһɨԷ꣬ҲһļһǺԥһƽУʬ壬ٴ뿪ɽ
ؼҵĺɽʵҲؼҵΧؼ֮༫ԶҶ˵ȻǼ¡
Ͳؼңһ·ǱУʹֻǿԼǿ壬زأķʱ֮ãƹɽ֮ڳɹؼҵĺɽ
ؼҵķи࣬ΪɽףʺеҲѡȻҲѲߣʹࡣ
ҪǣûнƣҶڿԶˣ
̧ͷҶѾ޷ؼңֻܿɽ𣬶ؼ˵󷨾ڰɽҶʼ
һ·֮ϣǿʶɵĽؼˣһ֧ʱ䣬Ҷ˰ɽɽ
վʮˣȻǷش˵صģǿɢӣ֪ǸĻǰ
Ͼһ޷ʹõĹ󷨣ֵڴҲ뵽˵ðգ˿زӶѡ
ҶʶɨʮˣΪߵĲųأǳӣһЦȻ֣ûʮ˷ӦѾģȫС
һҶû飬ؼҺ֮ǣίʵʵȻĻֱӴؼңɱˡ
ϵڶʬһۣҶ˶֮ȷû֮󣬲ҡҡͷؼңҲ̫ûˣ޷ʹã·ҲǼΪ󣬾Ȼ˺ӣ˰ɣ
Ҷ˽ȥɽһ«״СǴ߳Զ֮󣬾Ϳһ޴ʯ̨·Ȼ󷨣
ȻѾ޷ʹãҶȴȻ˷ܲѣίʵûϵһлô˳
ԥһ֮Ҷ̤ʯ̨ߵ룬Χܲ·֮£ȻʼͷԴԴϵӿ·
Ҳ޷ʹãôԼԿҲûʲôȻû뵽ǣӿ룬Щ·Ȼȫ
ҫǣڿ۳һ֣֣Ҷ˰֮󣬷ֺȻǸ֡
䡱һըгһɫĴ󶴣
ҶӦͻȻһɾ޴Ҷûпܵɼľͱ˶С
ֱ˿̣ҶȻ׹ԼӦϵˣ


961 ΪʲôҪѰ
ܹռ֮ŵ󷨣Ҷż·۳ɵը֮һţȻؼҵȴֱӳյڣԱȣǰ൱ڸһѡĻᣬҲԲȥǺȴǲ벻ǿȥ
ٽԼӿɵľͱʳ˹󷨵䣬ԼǲڣҶʶԼϵˣ
ʲôͨĹ󷨣һ֪ͨ󷨣ҼȻ뺦Լ֪յһͷԲʲôõط
пܵĻҶȥƬգ֮ԶԶǿκһգʹȫҲ޷סΣ˸ܣֻǰѾ򿪵δ֪ڡ

Ҷ󷨵ͬʱؼҲӦˣƬ֮䣬ؼҵѾ׷׳
ŵϵʮʬ壬ؼӿĲǷŭ𾪣
üͷ˭ɵģôܵ󷨣ķкܶ࣬ûҪôɣ
˪̳żĵӵȥ飬˭ôĵӣȻô
ʱӰҲѾˣȻûոĺڰԳȻһƬڰӰ֮С
ֻߵһʬԱߣκζܵӰȴͬˮһʹȥʬ
Ҷ
仰һ˵˶Ǳ˵֮׽Ͱ͵ĵҶΪʲôҪ󷨣ȥǸطĻԯҲȥңֱӸ˵᳨ţǰ
Ӱ΢һ֪ܿܲͨΪ󷨿Խ͵طԲŻᴳ룬û뵽ȻؼҵΧȴûз֣
˪ʼãһȥ϶ǻزˣʡȥˣһ󾢵УȥϢߴȥ
˶˷ܵ뿪ˣֻӰȻ߽ɽվ֮ǰעţƺ˼ʲô顣
Ƭ֮ӰȻ̧̤ʯ̨ʱҲȻһȣӰҪʲô
ӰĽŲûջȥȻ̤ʯ̨ϣͷҲصĵҪȥɱҶ
س󲽴Ӷ˽ɫĵ֪ΪܸҶԹޣ㲻Ҫݺְ𣬸ҪͨʲôطѵΪпܻŴ뿪𣿡
ӰĬȻҲҶһȥ϶ǻزˣУȴһ˿뷨һ˿Ҷ뷨
ҪҶˣ϶ǲٳˣȻոûˣȻϧֻҪȵ֮ʱؼҽиڣҪľǼӰؼңΪ˶һ
ӰջԼĽţĬĬĵ˵ͷȻһ»һӰӣɽ֮ʧǴûгֹһ
س˿ҿԼµӰ뷨ʱȻĻӰ϶Ѿ󷨣ȥǸȥ޻֮ˡ
ڶħԯ콾֮⣬ûܹ뿪ˣӵոҲУ
֮سˣٵ뿪ɽƺҲŲ˵η塣

Ҷڴ֮гˣ
ȻǱǿƳģ˿æܡ
ͬһƬڰеĺڰĺڶҶûʲôӰ죬Ȼ
ҶߵʯڣģǸո¹һ
һɽ
ҶȷſʶӶȥ֮󣬾ͱһɵˡ
ʶɣɲʲô˵ҪôǸ󷨣ҪôʲôĽƣ
ҶԼȻϵˣô϶ʲôõطӦΣķΣգǵԭվƬ֮ȴʲôûг֡
Ȼ֮䣬ҶһԴˣôˣŰʲôطֻҪţͿԻؼ𣡡
뵽Ҷʱ׵ķҲôˣһ·޿ƵĺȻҲ֮˳ȻˣôҲҪŪ⵽ʲôط
棬ҶҲûд⣬סһţŽµ·ȥ߹˰׵ľ֮ǰڳ˶ڣվڶ֮ʱȴǶȻͣͬʱҲ¶𾪵ı顣
ΪǰȻһƬˮ
ɽʲôڱһˮ޷룬Զڲûˮ
ҶƬˮԥƬ̧̺ˮУʱһȵʹ˳ƴȫŵæϵһƤȻѾõ
Ҷ˺þ֪֮Լʲôطˣ


962 
ниĽء֮
֮ȻǺˮһʵǲˮһܹʴˮ
κζ벻֮̾ͻᱻʴڣ뺣ףҲ⣬Ȼʴˮ֮УȴȻڣǾǸָޣ֪Щ޵֮ǿʵ֮ǿ޷ģ
ˣ֮ö֮㱻Ϊ˽ء
ڣҶ׹ؼҵǸ󷨣ͨ򲻶֮ģ
н˵¾Ҳ֮ģﻹҪ˿ء
ǸҶץסʵؼˣǳ׵׵Ҷһ󵱡
𾪹ҶȴûлţΪлţٿԼػؼңʱҲûҪ̽һ²֮ĺˣԼͬҪǿĶ࣬Ȼʴˮû˿ĵֿγɻ֣Ҳܹ֧һʱ䣬ֻҲ
˭ֿ֪ܲܵʴˮ
ҡҡͷҶ̷ؼңȻʱؼѾԼΧ֮ؼˣܱʴˮҪõĶࡣ
뿪
žһҶеš
Ȼǰûгֿռ֮ţ
ҶжȻһ˿ĸоѵ˵ﾹȻ޷ʹţ
Ҷæͳһţݺ飬Ծûпռ֮ųֱ֣ĸ֮ҶòԼ˵Ϊпʵڲ֮Уû˿á
һҶ˳˼֮С
Լǰֻ·һǼɽһȻǽ벻֮ʴˮ뿪
ȻҶʲôȱҲԽ뻭磬ǳ׼һӾڻ磬ĻȻҪ뿪ˣʵֻһ·ߣǾǽʴˮ
ӡĻҶҲôᣬΪнʱ򣬾ǲڻԪˮ֮УԪˮûбʴˮʴôȻӡԱʴˮӰ죬Ӷ뿪֮
ҼڻԪˮ֮УҲԱԼҸ֪Լڲ֮ʲôλãʴˮܹ赲ʶܲûԪˮԼƮ߰ɣһĳޣˮʳ£Ҳˣ
ڣҶ˾ԼԿ֮£ֿܷʴˮܵĻô뿪ֱӳ嵽ˮ棬ĻǾͶ㵽Ԫˮ֮Уȵָٳ
Ҷֱۣʴˮûκεĸо΢˿û⣬ôھҪԼˡ
һҧҶȫӿһ֣Ȼһͷͳʴˮ֮С
ʴˮʵҲһˮֻӵĸʴԣ£Ҷоˮвûʲô
ˮмΪһ˿ûУȻҶ׼ϷȥʱͻȻһɼײϷ
ˮУܵˮӰ죬ҶķӦûǰѸ٣ȻӲԱ׵ľ룬ǰ߼ȴǱݺݵײУĵʹഫ˷ɳȥʮԶ
ȻתҶϲ¶һ˿ЦʲôʲôԼϷȻһֻޣ
ֻ޾һʮֹŹֵĴ㣬;޴󣬾ͬһСɽһϳֻ۾һڷڵˮ綼⡣
Ҷ̹֮кߵǿ֪ܹޣǼǵӲˡ
ҶҲִУһֻƣݺݵȥ
һ޵ͻȻͬһļ̣ҶܲӡһȥʱͱЩ̸ɸӣ˲ɢ
Ҷ̲סһ໰Щǿı̬Ҫܵ½ȥԸܳưһ
˷Ѫ춸ȻɳްΧԥ籡ϯޡ
»𣬵ֻ޾Ȼ»
ӿΧʴˮ˲ðŨŨȻ޻ȻδȻſͣ³һˡ
䡱һ죬ʱϨ𣬶ٶȶȻӿ죬ݺݵײһ˻֮ϣ޴ֱӾͽӸײ÷˳ȥ
ķѪ죬Ȼܸһֻޣ
ҶǲҴˣΪʴˮ֮Уб¼סˣԪˮոӲã긫սӦãʩչͬʱҪʼձԼ壬ţԽãԼԽ
һͷޣľͳˡ
֮£Ҷֻܰһӣͷܣ
ҶԲ뵽һԼһͷޣȻսûУҪǱߣ


963 
ҶһӣȻô׵ķŹ޴βһ˦̽Ҷ׷˹ȥ
Ҷٶȿ죬޳ʴˮ֮УӦʴˮټ;޴βһ˦ǰ׾룬˸ҶԽ׷Խ
ҶͷûˣֻǵͷУٶʩչ˼£Ҳͬһһʴˮ֮зɿĴС
ȻһصĴϢԶԶҶŵ͵һ
ʶ޷ãҶֻܾԼʶʶ˵Ķ֮Ժ̸ֳ֮һͷ޻Ҫľ޴ɫ壬ȻҲһֻޣ
ҶͷԼôùɣһͷ޾ˣû뵽ͷ
Ȼͷת꣬һŭȻֱˮ˷Ҷˮ˾޴֮£ζҡҡڰڵĻζ
һֻǲǵˣôôĹͳͷޣ
ҶһвϵķһƴļУһͷӦˣ˵ͷˡ
ܿ죬ͲԼѻ츳ͷޣǲϴԽԽˮԼָĴغִֹƣʮͷ׷Լš
еһͷޣȻҶĳ඼ûп壬ȴһëȻĸо˵ͷ޵ǿԶޣԲԼܿģ
Ҷ֪ԼܳȥԶҲ֪Լټ˴һ֧ʱ֮󣬺Ȼ֣Լûˣ
ԭֵľһĸֻӵȫʧˣһƬţصһ㡣
ҶȻͣͷһµʱ䶼ûУûžͰȫˡ
ЩȻ˵ǵʵ鳾ĸ֣϶ҲӵҲǶϢϢĸԼ󣬸ԼһְȫļȻȵԼͣͷ鿴ʱ빥
뷨ߴҶͷ񱼣ֱֹ˽ʱȻžޱȣʶ˲Ծ
ҶٶȲ䣬ҧأȻͷ
յģֻƽһ޼ʵʴˮ޵ӰӶûС

Ҷ΢΢һ֮󣬳³һӣĶûܿԼٶȣԼڽǸ˦ˡ
Ȼû޵׷ϣҶȴ˿и΢˵ٶȣǰеͬʱҲ˼ԼĴ
Ȼ뵽һ⣬ǾԼޣǳԼϷܣûһͷǳԼǰ
ԼܵѣôӦ˷޳֣ôôɶֻԼϺ󷽺ܳأ
Ҷ˼ʱ۽ǵ֮ͻȻһ⣬Ȼһѵ޳֣
ٶȶ㿪ʱȴ䡱һ죬ѪѪѪ죬ྐྵȻʱһεˣ
ųĳ֣ޱߵѪɢ˺׵ĺڰ˷Բ׵򣬽еһжһѪɫ
һԶȻǿҶȴֵĲ뿹壬Լȥ
Ϊ֮ԼоһϤϢ
Ҷٷɳȥ˰֮ңͣҲ׻һ
ҶǰȻһѪɫ޽ߴףͨѪ죬ѪӲӣָ죬ɽɢϢѹ
ղҶ۽ĨɫѪɫ޽
һ׳ľ޽ⲻ֮ľҶ𺳡
˭ģ
Լͷϸֳĳ࣬ҶȻ뵽һܣ⣬᲻ԼĴʦ֣ħԯ콾ֱʣ
ͷðʦֵ˵ĻҲҶĶٴ
ʮΪʮ֮óմ󡭡
ʦûб֮ǰԾ֮ʮ統вǿޱȵĽơ
ϧʵֻнʦµĽ֮ҵѪ֮ơ
طڲ֮ĵ·Ϊ˷ֹƻⲼ½ƣǿ޶ۼػ
һ̣Ҷͬඥһ㣬кȻը죬еһɻ󶼱
Լڵĵطǲ֮ĵ·ҲʦΪ˾ܾ˽õĽ֮
ѪɫҲԼѪһӵеɫΪѪ
Ѫɫ޽Ӧþʦߴʦµմн


964 ڶ
ʶԼн֮ҶҲһе顣
ؼҼȻǻ˵ĺȻ֪ĴڣܿнĸĿģΪƳˣǲŻὨһͨ󸽽󷨣ֻǵʦԯ콾ǵܻƻʮ֮ǰͲ½ƣ֮е޾ۼػ
ԣؼҵ˾ʵǿ鳾ű۷弶ǿߣҲô޵Ķ֡
ö֮ؼҵҲϾʹһֻķϵ״̬ˣؼȻ֪ͨû˻ҪԿزŻôиԼѴ֮ʹ˽ȥ
׷ҶЩޣͻȻʧԭ򣬱ضΪԼղڷܵĹ̵У䴳˴ķΧ֮ڣ˳ǧ꣬Ȼ֪ط˵ͬǽأԸҴ롣
Ҷʶĵ˰˵ĴڲóܹͨĴٹ֮Զ
ȻнΪ֮϶ԶǸڶ޷ӣҲǧԼаʱ֮󣬲ڵѪɫ֮
еɻ󶼵õ˺Ľ֮ҶǳһΪ֪Լڰȫˡ
ԼʦʹʦֲµĴ֮УټԼѪڣɱҲ˺Լ
ԭǴҪһֻҲΪ˼ޣ׼ȵл˵Ȼû뵽ؼңײ֮£ȴԼǰʵĿġ
ȻˣҶȻҪúĥһʦʹʦֵĻֱֺˡ
ʼѪɫ޽ת˼ȦȻͷȥֵ֮ϹȻźɫѪ֮ƣͬһ棬һ·ӣ޾һ㣬쵽Զ
ȻҶĿǰ֮Ҳţ󷨵ʵ̫ˣ֪Լ󷨵ʲôλ޷󷨾ݱ䲼õġ
ϵѪ֮ƣ൱·ͼһֻҪѪ֮ȥӦþ߱󷨡
ҶͷѭѪ֮ƣʼߡ
ʼϸоһЩѪ֮ƣԼܷãȻ˲ӶѣͷͷΪЩѪ֮ʵ̫̫ˣ¾СԳȫ£ҲҪһʱ䡣
ԽˣҶʦʹʦҲԽ壬ܹڲ֮˾Ѫ֮ƣʵѾߵ޷ˡ
˽ʱ֮ҶȻͣ˽Ųüͷ΢΢ĵԣѪ֮ƸǷΧ㣬ҲгɰǧӿͷҪʼ˳Щȥ¼Ҳδܹ꣬һİ취ͨĹؼ֮
һ󣬲ܸǵľжԶؼĿ϶ֻ㣬һһۣ
ԯ콾ĻҶԼƲ⣬ǾʦȻǲûճͣԯ콾Ѫ֮ƣʼ
ղ·ǱѪɫ޽Ȼô󷨣ֻһҶĿģ뿴󷨵뵽ۡ
֮ҶЩѪ֮ƣʦµģԯ콾µѪ֮ƣ϶֮
Ѫ֮ƸǵķΧ㣬ȫѭ꣬Ϊ󷨣󷨣бȻԻ֮ҵ·Ҳ϶һߣֱͨ۵ģҶֻҵߣŲԩ·
Ƭ֮ҶѪ֮˫µӿȪѨӿӿѪ֮֮С
һѪɫâڰĺ𣬲ҹâ˸ϵһһ·Ӷȥͬһյָ·һΪҶָ˷
ҶȻȻʦԼԼѪһŵǵȷ·ߣκûѪ֮ҵ·ߡ
ѭѪ˸·ߣҶǰУһܣһעŵϷѪ֮ơ
ʦʵ̫ˣЩѪ֮ƣѾʮʱ䣬Ȼȴû˿ļ
ҶʮֽԺԼܹӵһλǿʦ
˽֮ҶǰȻֳһƬĿѪɫ֪ǵڶˡ
һѪɫĲΡȻͬǰǱ޽һͬߴףǣȻ֦Ҷï١
ҶĿࣺʲôȻܹյĲ֮ףǵûбʴˮʴڣ
ߵǰҶһȻһЦⲢǻֻһ޴ľͷɶ칤ַ̳һӡ
ľҲǼΪɹˣʮ״֡
ҶĸӦӿľϵҲжȻһ⣬Ȼʲôˡ


965 
УľˮʱԳ
нڲµľд
ǰǱѪɫ޽ľǽ𣬶ǰľľȥӦûֱˮ
ҶͬһָԼ·ھ˳ʱǰ֮󣬷ֱ𿴵һߴ׵ĸɽһͬ׹صľ޴ٲԼһȼյľ޴ѣ
Ѫľɽˮٲ𣬻ѣ
ľˮоȫд
ҶվڵҲŻ֮£ͷӵ·һӣһͬһѪˮӿݺݵĴڵ֮ϡ
Ѫ֮ˮѪˮڵ棬ЩѪ֮ʣٴιճһ·ߡ
ҶȣͷΪôȻһѪ֮ͨУѪ֮ƻ֮Ҳ֮أ
ŲʵѪˮҶٴκķһ֮ãһط
һ鷽Բ׵ԲεشܱһȦѪ֮ƹһԲΣǻֳһһʵѪˮֹԲ֮⡣
Բεĵ֮ϿѪ֮ƣۻңҶһۿȥ;дһѣΡ
۾Ҷû̹ۿ֪ӦþڣгʦµѪ֮֮⣬ʦԯ콾϶ҲѪ֮ƿ֮Ƶӹ棬Żܼ
һҶ۾´Բεش
Ȼһ֮£ҶʱΪ֮һΪп˾޽˴ٲ˻ѣ˸ɽ
Ȼһͼʦʵͨ죬Ȼд󷨣Ũ˰׷Բ֮ڡ
΢лһ¾룬ҶѾдȷʵͬǰ²һǷΧﵽǧ
ֱʣκ˶Ϊ֮̾Ϊֹ
ңҶڿһЩѪ֣֮򵥵Ľľˮ֮֡
һž޽ֱ£ӦþǴŽ֣һľ֡
ϳ֣֮ҶȤŨ񣬺޲ſڵϸĽⷽԲ׵Ѫ֮ȫи͸
⵱ȻǲʵģΪлԯ콾µѪ֮ƣ򵽵ƣֲֺͬҪȷһһǸƴĹ̡
Ƭ֮󣬾Ҷ׼ʱͻȻԲεش֮еЩѪ֮ƶˣ
ҶΪԼۻˣæ۾ٿѪ֮ǶˣҶֻǴֵ֮ơ
һƶȻ΢Ѿ֮ŵҶȴǲ˲Ծ
ԭдǰ˳ãԽΪʼľˮ𣬽ľľˮˮ˻ȻһߣȻ˳򣬷Ϊʼ˽λãˮľ𣬽ˮˮľľ𣬻
ˣǷ֮֮дĿֽȻͬĺ˵Ӧۣ
֮У۵ҲʮֳĸΪ棬ΪһԻ֮ˣҲ󷨵
ǰд˵Ե̫ˣΪ󷨼һ󷨣ŵʮ֮ǹմ֮һ
մô׵СòҪ̫Խ࣬ȻԽ鷳ȶԽвأ󷨱òʧ
Ҷ˰죬Ҳûʦô⣬Ҳ֪ʦûз۵顣
ֻж󷨵˲ܷ֣󷨣Ȼܲ
ȥһ˵
һתҶȻ֣ԭԲεشǼ򵥵Ѫ֮Ƶı仯ȻѪ֮ƶ˱仯ԭԼѪˮָ·Ѿı˷򣬿ʼʡ
ȻˣղǷ֮֮ڴˣڱ֮ô֮Ҫɢȥٴλ֮һˣ
Ҷ̲ס˸пʦʵߣȻҲһλţ֮õ˳뻯ľأ±Ƶһۣ󷨶ֹͣתֻͬʱƵǳƵ󷨣ؼ֮ˣܹУҪҲ죡
󷨵ı仯ټѪˮ·ҶӼԼжûдǸѪˮĺһ·ǰһʱ֮ͣ
һΣǰģʲôԲεشһ뵽Ķһéݣ
д仯һۣȻһéݣ


966 һŷ
éݿǼΪƽªţһСţҶִԼţ˵濴Լʦ
һݣҲ֪֮ĺ״˶ʱ䣬ȻȴȻûбʱϮΪӵжãΪ֮ı֮еһжԲӰ졣
Ҷԭվ˺ܾ֮ѹߵǰ΢һԥƿš
ϲûκεĽƣʮɵľӦڵĳҶǰ
ﵱȻˣҿտҲ봦ĵ棬ȴڷһʽӵİƴСĺӡ
Ҷ˽ȥ֪ʦûзֹûеĻôӱȻʦµġ
ȡУϸۿѪ֮ƣҶ׵жϳӦʦµġ
Ѫ֮ӿžһиᵯһ͵ѪɲǼ䱬ӡ
֮кȻһѪΣ
ԯ콾֮УҲΪҶһѪΣֻһѪεʯͷȻڳҶǰѪΣ̺һӴ˼µ
Ҷ˫۷ֱĶѪΣȻһѪβͨѪΣҲʲôʯͷǡѪķ
֮ʦԼĳ
ԯ콾Ϊֲ²⣬һǲ²ѪʮһŸһǲ²콫Ѫֱʮ˷˽硣
񿴵ѪΣҶĵʦ֣ʵֲ²ⶼǶԵģʦѪֱʮ˷˽磬ʧ֮ǰѾѪķӦʮ֮еÿһĴ֮жһţ
Ȼԯ콾ûȻĻħĳӦñȡˡ
ҲģҶ󷨵ĻҲܷ
ʦΪʲôҪĳ£ѵǽѪںϵһ𣿡
Ҷ֪ʦȻԵ޹ʵĽԼĳ£ôȻ⣬ҲΪѹ󷨣ҲΪԼЩͽܡ
˼Ƭ֮Ҷʶ̽ѪΡ
ͻȻಡһ죬ҶӦѪڸ֪Ҷʶ֮󣬾Ȼ̻һѪ⣬ֱӳҶüġ
Ҷֻü֮һҵʹдϮȫĽѪѪͬʱ
Ѫֱӳ꣬κָҶѪȥ
·ʯ쾪һ촫ѪڳѪⱬ䣬һѪɫ̫Ҷȫû˽ȥ
д֮ڣѪһƬȻ֣ﵽϰٹһޱѪӿѪһؽһأ
Уǿ֮ȻҲ·Ѫˣγɫƣé֮ϡ
Ҷ˫Ŀգׯϣé֮УȻ⣬ȫ˺һ״̬֮С
ҶĲ²ȷģԼķΪ˳ȫԼͽܣ
Ҷ־ԡѪ֮УӴѪɫ䣬ԴԴϵ˳Ѫӿ塣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ԼͨѨλѾȫѪ֮ȻӿҶᣬЩԼڴͨѨڡ͹ԪѨ
ʱ֮۳һըҶԺȻ𣬻¡¡ֱҶҡϲʤ
ΪѨȻͬʱͨ
ȻµǿŷȻδľڼӿҶһҧ˳ŸոմͨѨλƶмѨѨ
ǰ˴ʶϢϢصѨҶԼǰѾͨʦİ֮£ִͨʣµȻӴԥļͨ
˸ѨλһȫͨʽһʵٶȣǷһµ̨ף
ΪҶû뵽Լô̵ʱڴͨѨԸû̽ѨλľλãҪ̽λãȻҪһЩʱ䡣
ʱ˿̣Ѫ죬ı͸Ѫ壬һƬȵ壬дͨѨλ֮УҲһ˿˿ÿһѪ⡣
ӤСͬҲֺܵôۿɼٶ׳ɳ
֮УҶԼѪһŷɫտȻǺȻé֮ϵ֮
֮мѨѨȻͨҶȻɽ˲Ϣ䣬Ӧ޷˵⾳ֱħ𣺡ʶ˴ѨѾȫͨӽ֮忰ȶڼղ֮


967 ɥȱ
ҲҲڣƷҲ
ҶǶԼͨѨλϽĽǰһΡƷŵǰȻдšڡ֡
̬ҲҲ
һˮ֮Ȼӽ³Ҷæѭ¿ȥԭʵĴ֮£ȻһƬ󺣣ˮ峺εƽ޲ͬһɫһӳճһ罨ĵӰ
еĽ˿̾ȻƯ˺ϣ
Ԫ֮֮ԪԪ֮֮֮ţ
ԪѨȻǵⲻҶ΢΢һҲ漴ֳԼĵ뵣޾
УԣָѨڣ֮Ҳ
һֱ޴ĺӦⶰ޴ӵĶᴩʼա
ǣ൱֮ҩȪѨͨǿ
Ժ֮УȪ۵м䣬ȻֳһȪˮȪˮɫ΢΢һ뵰ȥ
ͨѨ־޴ı仯ҶеӦӲϾ֮Уû뵽ǣһӰȴͻȻ֮ϡ
ʦ
һΣҶڿӰĳ࣬һϮ޷Զڷ磬絶Ƿǣ䣬ǹһбµǳЦ
ȻֻǸӰ񣬶Ҳֻһվȴһâľһâ¶ؽ̴񷡣
ħ죬ϵ£ΨҶ
Ҷ鲻ԽĹȥ
ˣõҵĳǰǺξ磬һŷӵп鳾࿹ʵЩұҪˣ
һŷܹӵ鳾ʵκǲܵ飬ȻȴţȻʵҲˣҶõ̶֤߰ʱ䣬ͨѨȻȥһԼΪϵı仯ʵĴǾԵģ
Ѫս֮ڱѪ֮ǰеõһƬȱ֮ҵģȻ˹Ϊ棬Ҳһ޴Ŀܻɥȱݣ
仰𺳵Ҷ
ԭΪ׹Ȼħ쾹Ȼ׿˵ҪǾȻһ޴Ŀܻɥȱݣ
ħϸֳһ˿Σ̾һҲԹԣ֮ǰҲ֪ȱݣֱҵľԽߣҲŽ
ӦҲᵽˣѪսĹҲĺôܹӵԶͬߵǣŴͨѨλԽԽ࣬ҪصȻҲԽԽࡣ
ҶᣬԼʼͨѨλʱ²һ˿޷ͨȷǼΪӴ
棬Ҫһ޷֣˵ɣǰʵδﵽ鳾ǰǿԽܵģǵľ磬ע⣬˵Ǿ磬ʵ
ľﵽ鳾鳾ű֮ҪʮƷ龧ʯܺͣ
ʮƷ龧ʯܺͣ
ҶˣΪȷһ֣龧ʯӵ͵߷ΪƷƷߣڣǴû˼Ʒ龧ʯֻƷ龧ʯһƷ龧ʯ̺㹻еһ֮ã
ôƷ龧ʯ̺֮أ
鳾һ䵽鳾ű䣬ȻҪʮƷ龧ʯ
ô鳾ű˾أ
ȻŵҪ˾ҪٿƷ龧ʯ˾֮˾ڻоÿһ̨ףҪʮԣңҲΪˣ
˾Ҳиߵ;֣֮Ҷ⣬ȻԼҪ˾ȻҪٿƷ龧ʯһ˾֮һ磬Ҫʮϵ
Ҷ̲סɣ֮䣬ûôľƷ龧ʯ
ħĬƬ̣ٴοڵȻȷ޷󣬲ҲżΪֲҲŻὫҵľŸֱ˾Ž֮УֻҪܽȫ뵽ĳ֮УôͻƵ鳾ű֮ʱʵԿһˡ
ǾҪˣһ㲻յ㹻ͨѨλ״̬ʱһǰͨѨλͻٴιرգһѨλ±պϣҲɥ֮ʱ
һ취ܻıȱݣѰҵѪսԭӦķֲȱݣֻǾ֪ⱾžѾķѣ֪ɢʲôط
ֻףˣ
һ˿ǸЦݣħӰģֱʧҶȴȻڵϣͬһһþ޷


968 
ڵҶᣬõʦĳͨѨϲѾɢ
вϵظصʦÿһ仰ǾҪĴͨѨλѾͨѨλȻ±պϣӶԼɥвԤʾԼ֮·Ǹӵߣٲά衣
ŵ˵ǿϣ
־޴Ĵ׵Ľһ˵ȫݻ٣ҶҲ⣬ڵźĶڿٵɥʧ
ܷͦһҶ˵Ҫ
ҶŹƣһĳ֮á
ڣ嶯һ£ϵҲһ±˵ɹĴӴӰ֮˳
ûʦûѪûСѪսĹѾˣҷǵûõôĶѾ׬ˣһʲôɵģɻֵ̿أ
˵Ҳȫûϣʦµ˿ŷҵ鳾ű֮ʵǿԿһͶˣ⣬СĴڣ
ҶжȻһ磬ˣ͵͵óԼǱ飬Ϊ
ʱԼ֪϶͡ѪսĹŹû뵽ѪԴڡҰҲ˵ˣȱٵĲ֣һΪ֮У
Ҷ˼ʱȻԿ϶дڵġӦҲȫǲбҲԼĺôԼӵϣ
磡ǰ֮ǰұҪǰ˽磬ҵʦİ˿ŷͬʱҲҪռ龧ʯ׼
У֪ʦûռ㹻뵽˺־磬ӦûУʦûȻˣǴʦԱҲΪ˱Ѩλպ֮󳹵׵
ĿǰΪֹԯ콾֮⣬Ҷ֪Լһλʦ֣࣡
ڣҶҲ˵ʦʹʦԼһﻹݣ˵һȥĻӦָľѪսɥȱݡ
ʦʦ֣ǷģҾԲִеģһᾡԼŬֲһȱݡ
ҶȻ۾貽һţ
éݵĵվʼоԼڵı仯
ʶȫõȣҶһȭԻ񷣬һſ̤صĸо
ʶصİ˴ѨλѿóļͣǴﵽһ˵ĸ߶ȡ
ԼҶü֮һŽ⣬ﵽʮңһĽɫͯҲŽҶǰҶ΢Цͷ
Ҷ꣬ѾӤɳΪĺͯ۵֮ѾڵҶֵơ
Сͷ֮ϣƯѪΣмѪɫͬʯˮϵ֮⣬Ѫ֮ϣȻҲӵɫ
Ҷ֪Ϊд֮Լڵ£ԼĪĺôԼĳѾʼԡ
ɫĻԣɫԣɫĽԼɫľԣ
Ҷʵ˼һٴͨѨλþ˳أܿɹǣȻʼؼԣһԡ
Ҷսƣĵصľ磬ҵʵӦ൱鳾ˣ
ѪҶԽ׶սصʱܻ鳾һͶ֣ԳأԺ鳾࿹⡣
Ѫ֮Ҫˣ
ϴҶͨ˶ʮ߸Ѩλ֮ʱѪ֮Ӧ˱ͷųǲ֪ʲôԭûг֣ѾͨʮѨλȻ˳ˡ
ѪҫӰҶǰȻֻ״̬ҶĻʶǿޱȣ΢΢һɨͿ˶ǳصĸ֣ҶеԾǣ׺Ŀһɱ֮Ĵ󺺣ྐྵȻȫһֵܣ
Ӧǵ͵ɣ
빰ֵ˻棬ĺĺ͵ݼˡ
ҶЦŵͷֵܶ˵ãӣϴֵӦܹΪ˵ȴԼֳԹûɣ
ĺͷǵģϴ¿Գδ֣²ȳ֣𷣡
ֵӦˣ֮˵һе£ίȻѪ
ֵܶͻѪ֮Ҷ꣬ٴ£뵽ѪеĵһҾʯ֮ԡ


969 ʯ
ʯʯ飬ֻҪܹʯ飬ôǵƿؾĸʯܹ֮ķ˵õţ尾֮ࡣ
֮ǰҶԹһΣʱΪĻʶǿʯӰӶûҵʦһųҶͻʶɳҲٴγԵľġ
ȻѾҪһЩǵİܹǣҲʼҶеһĽᣬοҲʮеϣӵȫµѪ
ԣʵҶѾ˽ϵʥ꣬ϵʥ۾ԼѪеһ룬һͬǰƤȻĴڣ˻긫֮⣬ɲó
ʥǿҶ޷֣ʹû긫ҪӴսǿһе˺ƾУôþԵе㼦ߣһһ֮޷ִֻ֣ܶеķˡ
ˣҶһʱʩչټһͷǾںϣ
ںϸָʥ
Ȼ뷨ԴͷѪںϣõ˼ȫµķѪ죬޴
ȻĿǰûоļƻͷȴǻ֮ȥϣӵһǿģԽʥ
ͽԾĸʯΪʯѪΪԭͣ
Ҷվʯ֮ԣüֳӡɫâͬˮһк£ʯȫ֣ʼһ̽ʯڡ
ʱ仺ţҶľˮ꣬ڣʯв׽һ˿һŵ춯
˿춯Ӧþʯ飬ҶΪ֮һ񣬻ʶѸסǳ춯Ըϸ̬һš
ͻȻͬٲһкµĻʶȻ۳һŽɫĹɿʯصƶƺڲ׽ʲô
ۡһ죬ͬһһɫСڹ֮شܶ鶯ʮ㡣
ʯ飡
ȻûпĿҶ֪ɫƶͬһٵС򣬾ʯ飡
ʯͣҶĻʶ֮кֱײÿһײҶһ
Ҷҵת䣬ʮ˸˷Ѫ춸Ȼ֣ͬԼĻʶڣΧסȻ籡
ʯֻԸΪ˷ֹʯߣҶֱֻԻ֮
Żӿʯƶٶȸ죬ײҲǸǿҶ۵ŤһţֱӶײʮΣգܹˣɢΣա
Ϊܹһʯ飬Ҷֻҧ֡
ʯŰΧҲǰƽСŰΧȦʯ齥İ
ҶĻ¶̫ߣὫʯ鳹ۻϾѪȫȼ֮£ۻȻһԼĵȫǶġ
ʯȻҪۻ˼ⶼû˿ȻΪա
Ҫʯ飬ȻǸ޶Ḷ́ҶһɴʶһĴӻ֮гʯȫı¶ڻ֮£ա
һվ֮ãҶִͨѨԲ֧Żȼôõʱ䡣
ǲһ죬ɫСмѿһ죬һɺɫԾ˳
ɺɫ壬ѵʯı壿
Ҷԭֹʯ̬뵽ʯǸӣίʵûϵȻһɺɫ塣
ɺɫһ֣ʯ϶ʱ⻪һһͬױ֮
ֱ仯Ҷȫǲ֪룬ʦҲû˵ʯܻʲôΣҶ֪ôˡ
Ͻʯ֮У
һҶĶ𣬸ÿҶ֪˵˿϶ǷҶ
Ҷϸ룬ʶٿȻһŽɫʯ鶵ͷ£ס֮ٿȻգԼꡣ
Ϳ𣿡
ˣϸ˵ֻʯʮ˷֮һѣֻ㽫ʮʯʯȫշܼʯ飬ʯ飬ֻһ

ҶһȻջ˷Ѫ죬˳հ֮ãҲееԲ
ʱ򣬷ҶҲǰȴûпǽĿͶעʯϣúͷһᣬｫΪ磡
ʲô˼
Լ룡
ҶĶ仰֮ٿȻʧҶЦֱӣ΢һ㽫ַŵʯϡ
䣡
һ촫һ֮ܲЩѪ֮ƶʱǻһͷųɹâȿֺӿʯȻʯӿҶƣֱҶڣ


970 ؼҿ
һԭǸֻûлľֹ磬еѪ֮ȫӿҶ֮ͻȻˣ
Щİҽ֮ʧˣЩͬһֹǿʼ˸ָĶȥֱ˻ŵֱȥͷ­֮˶һֻԽӲĶĻ
ͻȻڻŵٴεľֹ
ҶΪԼʧ˵ʱͻȻ˷ܵ

һˣһˣ
ˣˣ
ָָԣЩ˶֪ԼںʲôʲôֻǷſɤţ˻ߵĺš
˷ܵĺУɵĺУ
ڵһе˵ʮԼܶܽУζʲôֱѹ˲֪֮õɣԣǾй
ѾջƵҶ˸ղŷҶ뿪ǰǾ仰˼ڵȷǱһ硣
еĿϲй֮󣬵춯صȥ֮󣬽ȴǿ
Ǽ˿ʼޣĿһѸٵĴÿ˵ϣÿ˶ʼᡢʼ
ееĺޣеЪ˹
Ҷվ۾Ȼһ£ȴһŨŨ
ЩҲǺˣǾΪǲԸ죬ͱѺ긴һ꣬ոһյĳϵ޾ʹ࣬ڵõѣֱϲӵ
ǻǳ׵ĽѣϾǻ޷ԶİѪҶֻǵ겻ܵѪӡĥ
ЩЦ˿ޣЦĳһʱ֮ڻǵһİϧʼվʯԵҶ
һİϧѾҶߣϴδɵۣȻǳǳỨĿҶҪ£ȴҶʱסİΪѪ֮Ӧģ
İϧĵ˵ͷĨȥеỨϵۣȻתԼÿһ˵ĶУǻлǴʹ֮нѳģ
һ£Ҳʶô£ǣӰһ̣ȺҶڵأл
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ҶĻȻ򵥣ȷʵ룬˵Ҳǳ⣬Ѫ˸мԶԣ֮󣬲֪˭С˵һ䣺ûʲôҪ󣬾ؼңǿһҲɣ
һ仰˵
ҲЩ˵ļͥѾʧʷĳ֮УҶÿĹ걸ĥ֮ʱ˼ȻڼȻõţڼҵ˼ȻҲ޿Ƶı˳
Ҷ΢΢һͻȻʶʲô͵תͷİϧǵļָˣ
Ѫˣ֪Լںη֪ԼνѪģȻǾȻҪؼңǾ˵ǱӡļѾָˡ
İϧ˵ͷɫ֮Ҳ͸˼ǵģǵļָˡ
Ҷֱ޲ھʹİϧĿѯʳǹѪħ۴ˣϼħ۴˵飬Ҳ֪ڲʱ
ؼңҶЦҪʵĲ֣Ҫʵ֣ʵ̫ˣϾЩ˶ڲ֪ٸ磬ԼܹԽռ֮ţҲܴ߱ÿһ硣
˵Ҳҿ϶Ӧܹÿ˻ؼңΪҲ֪ǸԵֻǰʱǡǸˣҾǻؼҿ
ѾҶļˣ
Ҳǲ֮ˣܲҶѾ御ˣ׷׸мٴιڵأл
ˣɣǼȻѾĥʹ࣬ôҲӦÿԼˣʱϣܹһ֮
Īǣ
Ҷ׼ˣнʱ򣬿ռ䳾֮ͻȻһâҶʶһֹ̽âڻ磬ͬʱһǿҵвһѵǺǻľˣ
ҶҴҵĶİϧİ鷳ˣһеҪæ֮Ҿ̽ǣ
˵֮Ҷֱӳ뿪Ѫ³é֮Уûκεĵ飬ֳ˻硣
ʱ˿̣羹Ȼӿ羪ڿн֯һ޵һɫӰضվ
ˣ


971 ʶʶ
ԭһȻȴΪ˵ĳֶͬĩһľ
˵Ľ£ɽӿǺǵéݸǱ紵Ϯҡҡ׹˳ͽǳݲվǱСԵĪ硣
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Ҷû뵽ʱ˾Ȼڻ磬ɢ˿񱩵ƣȻǳԼ
һҶѾ˵ǰ˫Ŀŭű֣Ŀ˵ʲô
˷һЦ˹𶯵Ϊ֮ҶôĵӰ֪˭
ҶвһһʱֹԼʮʱҵϵĵԼ΢츮սʣȻĻҪ磬Ϊ˻չһΪ˵ľʵ
ҶΪ˳ֿ϶Ϊ£Ǵ˵仰УҶȻʶԷӦòǵԼǸˣȻԼ˭
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ˣҽƣнؼҺ˴ɱ䣬ҾһССĳͽ䣡
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ȻԵؼˣҶη壬Ȼ˻ָԼΪѰҳϵô϶ؼɱԼֻͷһԼ
˭ͷ˭һأ
ҶһЦͽңҲÿû£
ҵҪһỹܲô񣡡
䣬˵ü֮жȻһ˽⣬ͬһأҶȻ
˾ȻʹûʶһҶΪ飬ĻʶҲüĻӡͬһ⣬һŽɫͬ׽ʯһɫͷ¡
䡱һײ˹֮ϣҶ𵴣ɫҰף嶼΢΢
ȻҶʹʦĿе֪ʶͬһΪǿĹֱǼʶ˻ʶ
ƵĻʶȻ˿ֲԼʶõߣһԼش
һ֣һЦĻʶȻҲѾΣʵӣΪʶѾԶˣٽһУ
ƵĻҶȻףԷʹõĲǺԼһĻʶǽʶʶںϵһУĸ߼ʶ
ʦҲʶӣ˾磬ʶǱҪӵеһ
һεĽƵüһޱȵ䵶һźХ֮ҶϮ
Կʶ̬ϵĹֻͬʶ̬Է߷սʱκá
Ҷ׼ҧûʶһǹʱͻȻһǺ𣬽һɫСǿһ嵽˰½֮ǰ
ײȻཻͬײﬡ
ɫСǱ½նϳأͷҶҶʶƴһƣӭȥ
飡
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ͬʱһӴĺɫӰӵһԾϣҶߣǱħ̬ĺǡ
ȻղͷСҲǺͷųģҲĻʶ
źǣҶܹоɢֱǿ˶Ϣϲӵĵɹˣ
ͷԼ촽¶ѪĹâͷҲˣ
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ֻҪУԭͨ࣬ӵеʵ൱鳾ߣǻʺħ󳬼ѪҺĺǣΪ֮ʵȻǿҲͬҶһʶΣй
ƶźǴһۺһЦħޣû뵽Ȼһֻħ磬һҾ͡
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һһַĻʶҲǼΪˣȴķһߣɫʶͬһӿ̼ͽìͽȥ
Ҷͺͬʱһ𣬺֮¶Ƶһ֮УӽҪΣˡ
ʱһ޴ĺɫβ֮ͬһ㣬ݺݵƵɨȥ
̲סһʵ壬㹥иƨã


972 긮ս
Ǽܹصľβ׵ĴƵм䴩˹ȥֻƵͬˮһζ˼±ָҲҶߣϴһ˿ε֪񣡡
ؼҼ鳾ֵĳҲԼɱ䣬ʽУոճأͿҶͺǣڿкһɫ˴ս붼һβɨȴ˵
ô˵ĳ֣ССĳԾһ£ֳԾȻתһϲã沿Ľⶼһҫһֻޣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
Ҷ˭ҲΪʲôƿô˷ܣҲȥ룬ǳͺһûʶ
˵֮ҶѾٴͬʱ֣Ȼ˰ģü֮Ҳһɫ޸
һڣâȺĶȻϮƣƷǵЦɣҿǵĻʶǿ˺ֵز
һɫİƴС˶ȻƵü֮ȥ磬νýڿ΢΢һΣͶ˻ʶĹҶüĳ˹
Ҷʱ󾪣ҪöԷʶԼüģǻ˵ã
ϧĻʶѻζƴȫջأȻԾһ
ݡһСֱӳҶüģҶΪ֮һȻѾҲջüģȴͬľżһ˿С
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һ޼ʵƽϿգƵʶǸɫСѾ˴СȻɿòǻƤȻǽӴһ㡣
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ʱͻȻ̧֣֮ϾȻһСɽƾҪ·ƽȥ
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һжԼƣ
ͬඥһ㣬ҶȻ˹üĽⱬǰ޴ƷͻȻӭ˲Ϣ֮ѾߴɣǴ˵еһΡ봣䡣
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ҶԴķʽѵźǺֻһͷˮȫ֪˭ΪҶ֮⣬Ŀǰû֪ҶĴڡ
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ֻҶ֪ʵⲢԼһ˵ǷҶڰгˣȻĻƷѾײˡ
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ХһٿȻƵԣ޴ʩչݺȥ
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973 򲻹ҲҪ
ǺȺƷ˹ҶȴȻվԭأһղž޴ײɵ𶯻ûҲƻٴζԼĻ긮
һЦ嶸ȻһŻ棬Ҵӻ֮һֻ֣һץסβͣʱӵϣʹҺ
Ƿʮƿվ磬û֮УȻʯһ㣬û˿ķӦ
ƵӿϨϵĻеУ̫ǿˣ򲻹
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Ҷȫ񶼼еԼĻ긮֮ϣÿһÿһѨֵ֮ͨģ˸ܵٻȫʼɢâ
Ʒ𶯣𣻴ſڵʻҡ壬ȪȪˮڣɫ̣Ʈ
еĶڽǵͷųڿпٵš
ͺǾסȴɫ䣬䵶һֱӽǵһΪ֮ð𽣣Ӵ̳ɸӡ

һͽͺɣתͷעҶһ⣬ڿкȻһɫצ
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һ쳹ʵɫ𣬾޴βֻڿһɨʱһضɽҡƺҪݡ
Ҷ֪ӦҲƵǿһĿĺԣҪٵԼĻ긮
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Ѫ֮ͻ긮֮ϣ
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ּǿײһһޱߵĽѪ⣡

ʱ˿̣ڻ֮˳ĪǶŵĶſͬʩ˶һһ˶ޣĿǰʵͲʶ̬ϵսʲôģֻСԲת飬ʱʱĻͷԼͣƺʲô
Ī罹ʵôˣ
˳ǶıԼ˽ȻҲ޿κΣֻܲ²ŵڽսɣ
˵Ҳǲ¶һ롣
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ĪŵĺСԣҪʲô
СȴٿȻſԼżһͷĴ죬Դ
һĻĪ˳סˣǽǳͷԼŵԵҪԣ
Ҫʲô
վҶԴǰſͣȴʳԼĿ
Ī˳˵ͷת꣬ͻȻҶ֮ȻŹâһһ죬ţһɫĹ㣬Ҳü֮һ˳ƫУö׼Сſ͡
أ
ֱӳСԵĿУСһھͱͣĻζԼĴԴӿƮȻأĪĻ
ʱĪҲ˲ϳˣ˫ץסСԵֻǰ֫ͬСһ۵ԼǰɫСԣʲôˣǲҶ꣡
СԻ˻ͷͻȻ䡱һ촫վ⻭ǸƵľ޴ը˿


974 ʳʶ
˵嶸Ȼը⣬磬ʼս˫ۣڵϵĻʡ̡һԵڵأ˳Ȼ׹˷ܵĴеСԳԵ˵꣡
ৡҶü֮ӰǺǺĻʶڿн˼֮󣬷ֱĳԼ塣
ҶҲʱٿȻ۾ϣһҡ֮ͻȻ·׹ȥ
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𾪹󣬺ǺȴǷЦ˵ʶȻʳ´ȥǸƵ˽ԶҲ̧ͷˡ
ĪеʵҶôˣ
Ц˿ѾŵϻԲѵҶҲ֪ղʹǿһҲȫ⣬ҾͿһѪ𣬽žͱһɾ޴ײ˳Ӧˡ
ҪҪ
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УֻʵȻΪҵģûֻ»ع磬Ҷ磬Ī㣬˴磬ǣǳݣʶǣҺܸˣӣĵʱ⣡


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ջҶһǲˣ˵ˣûֻǻعƬպǿ϶ҵ취ķӡ»
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뿪֮ǰҶվϿգֱҵҦʬȻԲѵԯ
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ǺѾֱͷ޴һҶһָԼһͷּˣΣָʤɣ
ҶҲ󷨣Ҳû壬ΪԼѾͨʶ˴Ѩġ
Ȼʴˮ壬ûκӰ죬ȻҲ緢һûκսֱһȭ˴塣
䣡
ȭͷݺݵ˴֮ϣޱߵʴˮӿУҶΪģԲʮ֮ڵĿռ֮ڣʴˮǱһγһյش
ҶĶһͷѵŴĿоȻһֵĽͷܣ
Ҷһ֮󣬲ЦԼǱˣǴ׷ԼܣֵԼ׷Ŵˣ
ܣ
ոȻҶУһֻּΪ̧һ˺Ȼƾͽռ˺ѣһѷ죬Ծ롣
һ̣Ѿ˴ǰȻһȭݺݻ
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䣡
Ӵֱը˿ˣ
ȭ鲻֮еޣ
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ҶȴǷЦ
ؼҵˣʶ㽫ҴΪһҵȭͷؼң


976 ֮
Ҷ˸ɾľͽһͷǿޣԴ̼˺Ǻͬ˼ѪһҲȺɱԼĶ֣εĶһ֮󣬾ȻҶˡ
ԭȻԼٶȺʵҶƾǿ΢ѹҶһͷȻ΢Ҳûˣ֪ĵơ
ҶȻʧЦˣ٣ǸϽ뿪ɣȻ޶ˡ
û˵꣬ҶѾ¶ЦԽԽԼǲѻ죬ΪԵĸо֮ӿȻٵ
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Ȼ˶ǿ󣬵ıһȺްΧǽ治˵ǺҲ̵޵ʵԼҲ˶٣Դ˿ҲҪˣҶȥ
ȻǵٶȻҪǿ죬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿͷ޳嵽˵ߣԶʴˮǱһˮݷи޽
ۣ
һͷͬ֩һ㣬ӵֻ۴ϸצӵȶ˷ѣһɺɫĶ
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ߴܣ
ѾͷסˣҲˣֻһߴһܡ
֪ڿɲǿЦʱ򣬸Ҳ˿㾡ȫ޹˹ȥҪһȱڡ
ȻЩ֪˵һȻԷɿȵ˵ĹһٴΧ£ס˵ȥ·
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ǶȻһҶܱܲѻ죡
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ȥѹѹһƬָޣѾŵĽ˰Χȴ˭ҲûзֻǾĴ
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ǾܾļΪɴ࣬ɲǣǰʵ̫ͣ˶ҶԿԼò׳սҲԸܡ
죬Ȼе㶯ģǵ̬Ҳ˼Ƥһ˻ȥֻܱ͡
ȻʲôҶˣҶ㲻˵ͷҪܰû׼ǻоȡ
ôһ˵ҶҲˣᣬԼˣȻһߡ»𣬵ǳ֮⣬ʵӦͬǲ֮еһλޣҪֵܳĻҲܰﵽԼ
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ǺƴȻȫʱ׼ǿһҶȴǲ̽˿ռ䳾֮С


977 СںСС
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ʱ˿̣ͺСԿ龧ʯʱһģһ˶Կ϶ȷǽԼʳѡȳĸ
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Ȼٴڹ⣺ԯңǲԯ콾ԯң
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߲ǶģıſССڣССһҶ̷һڻĽҶ˹ʮǵԴҶ
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⣬Ҷԥһµһ£Ǻԯʲôϵ
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ҶﰵңȻЩ޶ڴʦֽǿ׼½ԲʮĺбмĲҿԼûֱ˵Ǵʦֵʦܡ
Ҷ׼ԣȡЩ޵İΧ֮ߵʱȴֽŵǣڼǧǰȴиǣ˵ҪĿǰֻԯ콾ʦܹǡ
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ֻǣʲô˸ЩޣԼܹǵģڱݺԼ
Ǹ˭˵ԯ콾ʦܹǣǾţ
仰֮ҶͻȻͲһ˿ԣǸˣô֪ԯ콾Լʦܵģ
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̨·Ϊ䵣Ļֿţһλߣֻз߲ŲڿĻҶжȻðһ֡
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ĸҶкȻը죬ҳһƬʦȻн磬һҵȺޣҸ֪ǣԼԯ콾ʦܣܹǰĿǰ
ֹҶǺҲ֮ɫǶʦͬİǱʦ˺̶֮С
ţ긫ʦʧ֮ǰڲһһľ֣ЩԵĶֻһˣǾҶ
λڴʦھܵΪҶĳɳǰĵ·ϵɨϰҶߵһ㣬ƽ̹һ㡣
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㿴ۺߣƺһµǧǰң
ǧǰʦҲǸʱʧû֪ȥʲôطֻڷҶ֪Ӧĳ缫ΪңԶĿռ֮У֪ڿԿ϶ǰǸռ֮ǰн硣
Ҷ뵽һ£ʦȻ֪Լԯ콾ʦܣôҲʹӦ֪ѪĴڡ
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ҶԼԼѾץסһʵ࣬ҪȫŪҪԼٲҪȥһ̨£ݷһķɡ
ʦΪҶʦ֣֮»ڷҶ֮ϣܹδ֪ԤȰźһС
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ҶھԼҪΰЩޣܹæд󣬵仰ȴǰһʶԼʵǵ˼
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ʦΪµĺ·ǽѪԼõѪ֮ǰǧʱﲻ֪ʲôǶ޷ٽѪҲ޷뿪н磬ֻܼΪʵıԭء
뵽Ҷ̲סۺǺΪ뵽˻磬ҲͬҪܵ޷
ҿ԰ǣҲиЩһʱǣϣܹд󣡡
Ҷİ취ǽѪǻ磬еޣΪдҪ޿ɱģҪǿı
Ȼֻһʱİ취պҿ϶취޶װ
Ҷ˵Լÿʮͻнһˣһޣ֪Լ᲻нˣֻʱĿڡ
ͺͬʱתȥڶޣеķʽƬ֮󣬾͸˴𸴣ͬҶ취
Ĳ֮ޣֻǰٷ֮һ㻹ҪϢ֪ͨޡ
ҶԣҲǣҪ£Ҫص½ϣԼʱ䣬ʱ׼ˣҾ͹ǣΣ
һɣССڸ㣬Сܹ֮ͨϢ׼ˣССڸ㣬ǣ
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֮ڶ޵Ļ֮£Ҷվ˽½½֮ϣɵǣǵҶҦĵط
ϤľȻֹҶеıˣɱ˻˶ʱΪҦ豨ˣ


979 ٽ
ҶľһҦǣյҦѾķΪҦϴҶؼ˵Ĵս֮ܵҦǼܵĶҲȫһҪյĻԻ͸ǳ˵ΣʣҦѾȻ뿪С
ҦңҶǵû˿ĺøУ˷УǶԴҦ̬ȣǺؼҶԸԼʵǱ޳ܵ˼¡
ûκεͣҶֱӸϵһõڵأֱֻͨԯҡ
ȻҶһõʱ򣬷ﾹȻҲǱһƬ棬ʶɨһ˿ов΢΢һ֪϶ǳˣȻĻԯҲܷһá
Ҷ˼·˴һѯһõ飬̶ҡͷ˵֪ȻҴ뿪ƺڵʲô
Ҷ֮һ龧ʯΪۣǴһ˵ĿдϢ
ԭҶǰ֮ʱ֮УؼҾȻʼԯҴٷרԯҽڸصķ֧֯һҹ֮䣬͵ʮͬһķ֧һµʱԯҳǧɽĴӪ֮⣬֧ȫѶ˵ؼҲû⡣
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˵һ֮ǰؼҺԯƾУôڣԯҵƾѾԶԶؼˡ
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ҲΪʲôҶһõ£û˸һشԭ˭Ҳؼҡ
֪ľ֮ҶͷɻԯΪʲôؼҽȴӻأ
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Ҷ벻еԭˣܸɴĴźǺ»ص˻磬˳ȥˡ
˳Ҷ˵ϸ֮󣬳κԯҲֻֿܣһؼҳ˳Խ鳾űĸ֣ԯͬʱҲһǶֻ֣бŲǧɽΧħԯ콾µķƣؼҲ޷ͻơ
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ҶѾ˳˼ЦŵͷȻؼԯҵķ֧ôΪԯҵˣȴؼҵķ֧ԯҳɣ
ؼҵķ֧ʵԯһ鲼ڽ½ټؼҷͷǿҶ׾ʹ˾˵ļ֧ľλá
ǣ羰ˣǽ½һʤأһڳϺ֮ϵΪ¥ׯԺؼڴ˵صķ֧
ҶվеĹ㳡֮ϣԼһЦҵԽԽֵǮˣߣȥؼǮȥ
¥ؼұʵҲ鳾һ֮ӵĿԼǰҶĶһЦŵǿҪˣǲŻḶ龧ʯ˵Ļǲܻͣɱǣ
ؼ£֪Ҷ֮ͨĿռ󷨣ȥ޻أھȻ˵֪Ҷ䣬Ȼ϶Ǯġ
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˵УҶ巺һɫȵɢȥѾָ˱Ŀϲɱ֮һɱ


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ЩΪ˶ܺǺɱ¥ƴĸǣһĻʱŵ˫ȷʮͬʱԵڵأܵûˡ
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ʱ˿ǵУҶһλɱһ㣬Цɷ䡣
Ҷûмֶ֣ƽעźǺ
һǻʺħ޵ĺһǱޣҶԸЩˣֱ練ƣ֧ʱ䶼ûе¥Ѿֻʣһˡ
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Ѫһİϧ࣬ҶһָǸ˵İ鷳ˡ
İϧҶѾǳϤˣ˵ͷ̿ʼʩչ꼼̽Էꡣ
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ȻҪȴҲػĻΪ˵ʵǻʺħ޵Ĵм䣬еǰ취ΪȻҲдм䣬ǱϾħޣͨķʽΪȷʵ֮
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İϧվһԵѪе˽Ѫʱ䶼һЩģʱĻѾʮˣҪǸЩ˻ŵĻϰģ
ϰ꣬ʮ꣡ʱʵҶ̫ˣѪڵʱ䶼ѾϰˣУѪе˲ǲ𣿡
Ѫڶõʱ䣬Ҳ϶ֹϰ꣬ҽѾʮˣеǲܹɱǣѪĿռϾޣҼǵҸսʱ򣬼춼д˽Ӧľͻһȥ
Ҷ˿İϧߵһµİȻļѾָˣôܷ㽫֪ģйѪйħۣйÿһħ۵鶼ң
İϧЦҡҡͷ˵һħۣҲ֮⣬ÿѪʱ֮ǰļ䶼ᱻȫĨȥԣֻܼǵִѪ֮ʱ飡
ԭˣҶеССʧԭΪԼܹ֪ÿһλִѪħ۵飺˵еİɣ
Ҿʹ˴Ǻ;Ĵս˵ɣ


981 ˵Ŀ
ϸ˵ħѪƣΪѪ֮ʱʱѾǳԶʱİϧҲûнѪԿḶ́ȴΪʼճʮ꣬Ҳ뵽С
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һΣҲһμյ㣬ΪԼѪһοħ졣
һսǷ֮Уս۵Ĺģ׳ңѾ޷ݣΪʵǳ˵󣬵ȻʲôֻܿĸҫֻѰ
ЩײҶһУߵƽɽ壬ǡݻһ磡
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İϧĻҶ𺳣ײܻٵһ磬ʵ֮ߵȷ޷
ԼںǺЩ˱໹ǷǳĴ
Ĭ֮Ҷʵİļʦһʲôˣ
İϧ￴ҶʵԸϷǳƣֻҪӵᣬǶûпЦȴǷǳĹģҲǵһ죬ƸγΪ졣
ҶЦЦʵȻҲûļʦǲѴµĻԼǿŷеӰƲʦΪˡ
ˣİĸˣôѪأ
Դİϧʹİϧ촽Ҷæİ˵ˡ
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ŷֻǿͷ˵˵Ҫʩӵĳӡǡ
ʱ󲿷˶Ϊ棬Ϊĳʵ̫𺳣վģ˶ܿ˶˶̶ĤݣӦҪȻҵĸףȴţҼʣһˣȻҾͱѪ
Ľİϧ˵ļΪ򵥣Ҷ̱ȻǼΪĲҡ
İϧѪľȴҶ˳˼
ϴһӡǣַʽѪǺͱǩһԼұ㣬ҡ
ʦҲ˵Ҫ죬׳Լꡣ
Ҳ˵ʵҪĶֻһ꣡
Ҳͨ˵꣬ߵ꣬Ҳʲô磬ʲô壬ֻҪ꣬ǾҪΪʲô
һ統еҲڼƣΪӴ󣬶ȴһ磬е硣
ǵһ֮޷ˣΪʲôҪô꣬ǵҪʲô
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬺ȻһٶѪǰҶҲعǵôˣʲô𣿡
ͻȻµǵǽ½ˣ㣬ܹԼļҿ
ǿеļңȻָľǾڽ½ϵĳطˣҪҶе㷸ѣΪȻܹʱ뿪ѪǱع飬ʱ䣬ҶټϽ½֪ǰصҪʱ䡣
Ƭ̺ҶɣҷҪԸһ壬ǵķ֧ҵһطͽǷųĻǾͻؼȥԶĻֻܵԺлˡ
ʵЩ˵ļңԿ϶ѾˣǼȻ˽½˭ȥҶܹ⣬ҲļˣѾм͵һ֮һҪҶҪһЩ
򲢲龧ʯ̺һͨʯͷԱԻ֡
Ҷźܶ࣬Ȼûоܾͳǧ򣬰ķַˡ
һ죬ǺѾ¥ѹεĸɸɾеĶҶҶվ˶ͻѪʼһؼҷ֧ȥ


982 Ӱ
ʱ䣬Ҷʮ·һʮؼҵķ֧ɱ鳾ĸ֣ʮˣ߲ؼ˲СĴ
ؼҲʼɳеĸ׷ɱҶ䣬ֱʱȻ֪˾ҶΪҶָڣɱʱŻָԼʵĿɱʱһģټߵ·Ʈһڶһؼ˸޴ȥ顣
ȻؼҲ뵽ɱ߿ܻҶֻȻе޷ţǰ֮ҶܻŻ
һȴȴǼŲɣ˾ؼӵ죬Ӱ
ҶǵԼߣԼոӰʼչڻҲΨһһҶڲ֮ˣԵ֪Ϣ̲֮𣬴ؼ뿪ʼ׷Ҷ䡣
Ҷؼҷ֧֮ѹսʱ򣬺Ȼоһļ´˷
Ҷʶ˲ԾĿȻֵϻ۳ɺӵѪ֮һѪڲϵӣۿžҪڷ䵹ѰҶ
ģ
ҶһȵͬʱѾȻһ˵棬֮϶ʱһ޴϶ѭǹѪӣſһŴ죬Ѫ̵һ
ѣѾǹѪ֮ͻȻһֻ֣ݺݵץ˫š
Ǻ֮˹ȥȴҲǾһ亹ڿпŵѪʲô
Ҷüͷ΢ҲµûĻӦؼҵѣӰǲˣ
ҶĻ£ϱɢЩѪͻȻһӿ˹ȥһ޴
Ӱ֮߳һźЩѪȿֺźӿȥ
ԭЩѪǺڰӰӣֻѪ֮Уϸȷʵ׻
Ȼ˾Ӱ
Ҷ
ӰȻ뿪ҵңĳһĲпᣬĿЩȻ
ҶȻ֪ӰʲôʱģǿԿ϶ӦñԼ絽ΪԼ֮󣬾ͽʶ˷ԲףҪ˴룬Լͷˡ
û뵽ӰȻˣȴûҶչɱʱ֣ʼնӰ֮УȵսȵҶǼ˾ʱ򣬲Ȼ֡
ҶͻȻӿļ£Ѿˡ
ƿڴʲô⣬˲˹ģǺڰүүôʰ㣡
ȻҶȴɫ侲ĵǣԶ㣬㽫ɱҵӡҺĶԹҪԽ
ʵֻҶĽڣΪͺǣӰĶ֣һûոʵҲ鳾ңô˵ֻΪ˱ǺӶѡ
ȻҶڣǺȻҲ޷˵˷ֱ˵Զռһס
¶˾ģζӰߣ侲пĿ£ΪĿĿԲһֶΣسɴ󻼡
Ӱ˳ʱҶ֮⣬ʼվû˵֣ں֮У˸֪Щʲô
ҶʵѾõȵӰȴȻҵģһλС
׵ľ룬ţȻͬܣʵȴǰӿǸ֮ͷųǿս⣬ܹС͵硣
Ҷа˼ŶԲߣȻԼֱӳոͬӰԸԼʱһڴ֮УٵĶмҾߣҲʬ壬ǵĹ֮ͬӰӣ
ȻϴҶӰĽ֣Ӱ̵ĶոûʩչԼĹʽǾͳŸղӰӰѪҺоͲѲ³ӦܹڸӰ֮УŻ˷ʤ
ոƾôӰӣҶȻһܹռơ
Ѿǻƻʱ֣̫ȵ֮ʱӰ֮һֱȵڲų֣Ҳƺˣֻҹɫ֮Уʵ󻯵ʩչ
ӣʤ븺Ĳ˵
Ҷ֪Լٵȥˣ뾡ܵıʱ䡣
뵽ҶȶˣͬһӰȻûжκεκεսǵƾԼ
ۣ
ҶȭͷݵĴӰȻȭͷӰǲӰӵʱȻо˲Ծ
ΪǰӰһӰӣ


983 ̫
鳾صһܹؼֱ뵽Լĳ֮УڶܹóԼķ
鳾۷鳾ű䣬ζܹоŸÿӵźͱȫͬʵ
ʼҶҲΪԼеӰֻķǿȭͷֱӴǵӰӰķѣͬʱȭͷϴͬˮĸоʶⲢӰķֻһȫӰ۶ɵӰ
ôӰںδأ
һ˿ϢѾӺƽҶĲӣҶͷʱ䶼ûУסոȻֱ˺ռ䣬λһ˿ռ϶֮Уա
ȻҶûע⵽ռ϶һɲǣ֮ϣһͬ˿ϸĺߣߵһͷϵͬȰҶһȦӰ֮ϡ
ղҶȭͷеĵȷֻӰӰ۶ɵһȻҶκε˺ȴܽһ˿ڰ֮Ȼϵϡ
ҶգȴǸѣһյָ·һΪӰʱָҶλá
ҶĿǰ֪ЩսĺǺҲûз֣ߵĻ谵򶷵ļңǵעȫ˵ϣټϺߵϸɼǶñСϸڡ
Ҷںڰ֮Уո֮Ȼ˺ӰߵĿռ䣬ȭٴȥ
ȻӰȴδ֪һҶֱ۸ոճֵһ̣һɫӰ۶ɵӰѾϢҶֱۿȥ
ﬡһӰҶͬڽ֮ϣȻҶûκ˺ȴҶһӰô֪Լ֡
ҶٴûգӰվԭһֻܵĺڰӰͬһצӿ
ΣҶ֮гҪɱӰȴһַҶе˼
ֻܹΪΪӰʹոʱԼҪĶִ࣬ԽܹһЩ˿
ȻԽ޷ʹãҶȻҲͷˣΪվӰǰʶͬһǵˮйͨӰ۳ӰĻᡣ
Ҷٴγ֣һ϶ǰӰ
ȭ磡
ӰǵûжܣǳϵľȻҲȭֱ֮ԼһɫӰ
飡
˵ȭͷڿײ޴ͬ籩һΪģ˷ϯȥ
꣡
µĴعѣЩʬȫֱƷ˳ȥΧǽڸɪɪ
ȭײҶ˿ӰȻǵ˳࣬Ҷȴǳ˾ȡ
ΪӰȻҲǿûдͨǰѨλ֮ǰԼԼ¸Ķ֣
ҶԽԽãӰʵ̫ˣ
Ϊصĺڰֿ֮ɲûӰӣȻҲǿѹᱻؼܵɱ
Ӱ˳ȥ֮ܵӰӱȭһ󼤵Ҳٴοڣֱǿˣ
ҶȻһЦӰҲǿ֮ǱԼѷһ
ӰܵӰͻȻҵ趯ͬʱͶڵ֮ϵģֶӰӾȻͬһʼȿֺӿ˹ȥ
ʱӰӵںϣȫøӵĺڰֺڰе֮еĺڰҶĿҲֻԼΧ֮ڵĻ
ʲôսȻҲܷһƬ
ͻȻӰԣҶ˹ͬȭͷ쳤ֱ֮ƵӰղԴһСȦ
ҶԿԸоӰɢϢҲǿ˲٣ЦһȻȭӭ
飡
ӰֻһȭҶȻҲǺãͬϻȭ
ȭͷײͬװľ
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޷ٳλǿ֮ĶԾڼȭ֮кȻȥ˱صĶԫбڡ
ȻҶӰȻȭͬ磬ɢЩשǽ׵Ĵ촷ۡ
ҶԽԽΪӰȻһأѾԺԼȭͷ࿹⡣
ȻԭӰղŽжӰӶյϣӰ֮мȡ
ò˵ӰǸѶԸĶ֣ǹ°ĺǣһĻҲаϣԼӰĻѾĳ׵ˡ
ǣҶĲûб壬Ȼһɽ𣬽˼ޣһ̶˹ͭɫͬһ㣬ݺݵһȭ˳ȥ
䣡


984 Ӱ֮
һΣӰٴαĵ˳ȥ
ס֮ӰĵȻǿĺȻҵǿҲûˣӰ֮磡
Ӱ˵֣̫һ˿ߣڰ˴أӰܵӰҲͬʱը˿ɢӰӣ磬ܴ˳ȥ
ÿһӰӶֶܸͶµӰ֮Уҿʼ˲һ
ҶͻȻǰһڣݷٴ֮Уǵصĺڰȫ֡
ԶսĺǺɫ䣬ǶֻܿӰڿطɴܣһƬ޴Ӱӣ˽Բ׵
Ӱ֮УЩɫӰӵܹɹߵڲڽ⣬ڽڣ޷κεĶ
Ҷܼž˼£ӰãΨһܹľԼ
⻹µĵطµǺڰ̶ͬһһּҶжһӰ졣
Ӱ֮磬൱½һȫκĶӰӿռ䣬ÿµҶܲܿס
ɫصĵӦܹסˣҶһǿǿĴڡ
ԴĻʶҶĻ긮֮󣬾֪Ҷڣ֮һΪǿĴڣڵʵܹ˵ʶɳȥ
뿪֮ҲûʹҶǸھʲôڣֻܽϣǸ֮ϡ
Ӱ֮УžҶԶĵطϸ緢˿Ӱڿٵ䶯ںϣ۳һ޴һΧһȦȫǷУоǻһ㣬²Ȼʼתȴûз˿ϢҶ˹ȥ
ӰӰ֣
ӰĳһΪֵָĲϣƶɣɸտᣬֲӰ֮УûĪ⣬֪ٶֶ˹Ӱ£û֪ɱԼĵʲô
ȻҶӰӰ֮ȴǲκƣ
Ӱִһȵĺڹ⣬ֱӴҶмᴩأȻҶȴͬһɢ˿
ӰһѵҲ񣿡
ԣ
ӰȻһκҶֵʱԼڱҶ֮ק֮󣬾ĪʧȥҶټĳһӰ֮еƵĿռ֮С
ӦҶʹͬĹƣ
뵽ӰȻڼǰĹӰ˹ͬʱԼҲǼæȥ
Ȼ˳׿⣬̾ͿҶֳǰ
ҶҲһ̾ϢӰ֮Ҳʲôõķİ취Եȷ۾ɹ˻þʼʩӰƭþ֮УϧӰۿҪþɲǾȻ˻ȥ
ȻƭǾֻܴˣҶ嶸ȻŹͬһ̫һ㣬ڰ֮ȽȽɢ˺ڰ
֮
ȻܹƺڰǷڰܹͬɹ
ӰɭɭҶ϶ȻͬʱӰѾһڹ⣬϶µ
ﬡһӰִ˻긫֮ϣײǣҶĵûù㣬ֻҪѣ
ৣ
ʮ˸˷Ѫ측ֶȻٶȱǰ࣬ΪҶԻ긫ʱסӰӻӰ׼֮ǰΧ
ûոҿ㻹ֵܲܵҵĻ棡
䣡
ʮ˹ɻ֮籡˲ͽӰɣȻҶͻȻúһҲļæո
ǡﬡһ죬ոסĳҶҲץʱתǰȻһӰ

סֻӰķȻǰӰܿҲǷӰ鳾ľ磬Էֳ
Ҷʱͷ綷ԼѾûƣƬ޾ĺڰ֮УȻĸӰԼô
ӰһУ̳ˣѸٵ˺ڰ֮У˿ټҶһʱ֮Ҳ޼ƿʩֻܼ߶ѪĻ棬ΣһҲǺõģ

һͬ˷Ȼ𣬺ڰ֮УӰٳͣĻȳһҶ˹
Ҷ׼ʱͻȻоԼ˫˫žȻܶˣͷһӰһԼȫľ
Ӱ˷Ҷˣǵȵ֮ƱҲ͸Ŀ


985 Ӱ
ΣͷҶͷųĹ֮ʶٿ֮£Ȼ۳һսףϡ
ͬʱʮ˸˷ѪҲǷɵܣΧסϯ
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Ӱڻ֮ϣȻ˶ҶҲǳ׵ŭˣԼӰʼһֱڱ״̬ڸǲڽ¡
һŭ˫˫ͬʱǿһȫı˳ӲĳӰ
ڷѪ챣֮£ҶȻӳո㱦ʮɫĹᴩ£Ӱ֮磡
ӰڰУüͷ˼ҶǲǷˣԼӰ֮УȫֻаķݣڷǵŸϽߣոסѵΪӰ֮УܹԼ
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غһ޴ѷӰ֮мᴩ
Ҷսͻ긫ȫһȻӲĽӰʩչӰ֮룡
ʱӰҶǵûз裬̵ʱһİ취
ҶӳӰ֮磬ɫѾڣڰӰ˵޾ıӳȥҲɱӰ
ˣҶ뵽ոӰ֮磬жӰΧӰӵϵȻٴڽӰ֮飬һƬ֮ڷκӰӵĴڣӰƶʱʧˡ
Ӱ֮类֮󣬷ѪĻ涸Ȼǣ;βųһԲΣʱʣĺڰȫɢ
ڣƬĸ䣬Ӱ׵ı¶˳
һ̣ǺǳһǸӰ֮ʧˣҶֻǣͬʱԸĸӰ
ǵ˫ͻȻгһûйֺӰйصĺڰ֮ļ䣿
üͷʵղҾ뵽⣬ҺСӵܹӰӵ˰Ҳû뵽
ҸѣӰأ
Ӱأ۾ٿȻ󣺡ԶԶԣˣӰأͬʱһλۣ𣿡
Ӱѵ㲻ãؼ˵ĹʽӰؼһģһ𣿡
ͷӰɱӰ֮磬Ӱȷʵһģһ
ǲǵӰһʲô
Ȼ˸ôǵãӰһʩչ˶޷ֵ
ǵ¶˵֮ɫҲֵֻ֪֪ܲܵؼҲӰĻҶֵܲܵ
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Ҷ˿ĿӰûӰӣҿ㻹ʲô£
ĸӰͬʱڣһеȷû´ĻʩչôޱȵһڵӦҲʣ޼˰ɣ
ӰĿⶾжϵʮȷҶõĿɲǻҪټʥǿսӵŲ鳾ʵ˿Ҳǵ;ƿݵľء
ҶɫȴǼΪƽ¶һ˿΢ЦȻˣ㻹ʲôϽɱң
ӰȴԥˣΪϴҶҶװûӲǽƭ˳
ڵҶ֮γɵĹսףͷոʮ˸˷Ѫ޷Զ죬һĽɫͷ
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ɫ԰ףؿھҵ˭֪ǲĹƣ
ӰҶȻᶯȫƣԾܵץʱ䲹ԼѾɺԵѨλ
Ƭ̹Ӱ¶˾ģҶǲûԼҲټȴȥΪʱϵԽԼԽǲ
ΪԷһӰҲ׼ȥˡ
һڳ³ĸ֮ϵӰȻȫ̫ͬıһѸٵڻһ̲ˮ
һĻǵȻڹ⣬Ҷ㣬Ӱ𣡡
Ҷ΢΢һ𣬲׺ô֪ӰʩչսƣȻһȴѾʧȥ˿ԶĻᡣ
µⷽضȻһƬŨīֱȫԭȵɫ
ŵ֮ϳһݺύѷ죬ɫѷ֮濪ʼҵ𶯣һɾ޴ƺǳ׹䣬ӴѹҶϢĸо
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986 ̾Ϣ
ӵصĺɫԽԽ࣬ҶûȥҶҲѾøⲢʲôɫɫӰӣ
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ҶҪߣȴѾȫıһĪǿס޷ʶȥ߶ԼܵЩʥ
ӰԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨҶ°ȫ֡
ǣ
Ҷܵʮ˸˷Ѫ죬Ӱͷųľ޴ѹ֮£죬ƺѾ޷ѹ۶ϡ
Ѫ䣬һƬޱѪҶͷϷҲҪҶȻɲǾȻʧӰ֮£ѪҲΪ
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ʵǿȥˣһҧ㷢񱼣ܵĹ̵УѾٱ󣬻һͷʮߵľǣͬһСɽһҶ˹ȥ
زһѷεڳ֣ûκαԼȫʩչ˳Ȼ֪ӰĿ£ҲҪҶ
䣡
꣡
ϧǣǸûܹЩӰӣ޴ݺݵײһĽɫ֮ϣⱩǣһǿ֮˳ȥµĹͷٶһ롣
ոһ򣬷֮ǿ˶ͷޱȣǺͻƵġ
һվһ޴ĶѵĹͷֱӴ͸壬ͻأ֧Ŀֲ
ȻǺһһͻȻ˵棬Ե֮ĵҪԴӵͻơ
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Ҷ˵ķӦҪ¶һЦݶ޷ļѾȫĿƣֻŬת飬ԼĿռ䳾
Ȼ˼Լ֮һҪռ䳾ȡΪŻо˳Īˡ
ʵӰܹҶôǿ嶼Ӳ˵Ŀռ䳾ˣȻҲᱻѹ촷ۣΪ˲Ҷʧֻҧĵ˵ͷ
ӰѾҶĲ֮Ҳ޷ȴܸоһ˿˿絶Ӱи˺ѰľʹԼѾǧٿף˺ۡ
⻹Ϊǿ֮ɱ˵ĻѾ׻Ϊ촷ۡ
Ӱӻڲϵ䶯ҶҲò۾׼ȴĽ١
ڣӰӵҶü֮ʱü֮Ȼ˻ӡһѸֱâɡ
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ЩֻҶĹâʹʯ֮ϲûκιâųһͨʯͷ˿ûС
ȻˡһͻȻӹʯ֮дҶȻٴ۾
ǡ
ҶİΪʹʯ֮еǸ飡
Ϊֵǣ֮еӰӾȻ΢΢һǶżηһ
Ǻ۾˫Ķǿʯ
ҶѾϣȻʹʯͻȻ֣˵ȴȻȼϣ
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һԭѾﵽҶüĴӰӣͻȻʼ½˴ľ롣

Σһص̾Ϣţʹʯ֮жȻɢ⣬Ȼǿң֮ӰӾǼèĺһƴʼӴܡ
ǸûߵΪ̺֮һǿȫʹʯ
Ӱӵʵ̫࣬һһɫһ㣬Լ֮ųʹʯ֮С
Ƭ̹еӰѾʹʯ˽ȥָܻ˿ҶȻ»ָɣȻȴһɵĿԼͷʹʯȫ׵ô£


987 ʯ
ʹʯȴǸҶеӰ֮󣬱һţ³Ҷ֮УǴûгֹһ
ҶҲڻعʹʯΪʲôӰӣǾԼһҼ飬æʥ߳Ƭ
ҶȻһ⣬ǾӰأ
ǺʱҲŴӵҶߣҶͳŵҩֱݸǣȻһƨ˵ϣڴڵĴŴ;ƿˣڿտҲ
ܺǱҶǿ˲٣Ϣ㻤
ҶҲֱӱ۾ʼֻ֮һ۾ΪӰٴγ֡
ۣѾһ⣺ղŵô£ǿʹʯΪʲôܹӰߣ̾ϢǲǸصĴڣ
Ҷڰֵȸңô֪ӰһнӰģ
ǺһۣͽԼйλӰص˵˳
Ӱأ˷ޣһ֪ԴںδӰӣޱߵȻеĵ·гɣΪһۣ
ڵʱǻʺԻʣڣ࣬ǳʱȴҪĶ࣡
֮УۣǱȻʸһĴڣӰҲֻʣǾ˵ͻƵ˾磬Ӵ֮ʹǵʧУΪۣ
ȻΪӰӣеĹʽȻӰΪսӰ𣬾˵ǽԼӰӱȫڣһƬ򣬶Ƭ֮ڵһУ˻ᱻΪޣ
û֪һģΪҾһսѾȫĳ׵ף궼ûʣ¡
һս󵽲˼飬ӰȴʹãֹͬĴ˵ڣܹʹҲûгΡ
ӰӾȻҲУ⵹Ҷֿ۽磬˹ͬʣǾΪʲôӰܹӰصս
ǾӰڻ𣿡
Ӧ˰ɣЩӰ֮п϶ӰĳУȻȫսǿʯ֮УȻҲˡ
Ҷʱ򣬺ǺͣʶͻʶܣҲӰٴγ֣ȴʼûз˿ķ紵ݶǾֻ˵ӰˣȻĻߵĻȻҲ֡
Ҷͷ˾ͺãһʵ̫ˣѹؼһ˿ϧոʹãҿ϶Ҫˣ
Ӱǿ󣬵ȷе£Ҷڶʥս£Ȼ㱻ɱɴ˿ɼ¾鳾űĸ֣ӰҲûжʤ㡣
ǵҶڸ˵˰ɣǿʹʯô£
ҶҲԼӵĵշʹʯԼʯϸ˵˳
궼ĿɿڴʯòӰһҲѾ֮·˰ɣ
ʵҲȷһֿܣгɵĻȻԸı壬˵ˣ±һ࣬Ҳȵһ鲻ܶʯͷҪðɣ
һȻҲòʲôۣҶվ뿪ɣҹӰ϶ؼ˵ע⣬û׼һǾҪ˹ˣڵ״̬鳾ĸ֣ǿɾˣ
ǺҶֻ֮һ˼һ𶼲һ鳾Ķ֣ȻҪϽԶ
Ҷͻ˻磬ǸϽˣԼγԶȥ

ؼ֮УڷڴسͻȻо֮ϴһļ¶üͷ˼ŷʲô顣
ͻȻ⴫һ󼱴ٵĽŲͬʱһʧĺˣˣӰˣӰˣ
仰س׻ֻǰһڣҡһ²Եڵء
飡
űֱӴײֵרŸؼһʯˡ
ؼңԽ˵һʯͷ֮ϣΪʯںδֻҪʯͻԶѿ궼֮ʧôʯͻữΪһ̲촷ۡ
ؼ£Ҫ˶ڱ֮лʯԷ֡
سȻ۾һɿֲɱʱ˷֮У˵嶼ֹסĲȴҿڡ
ʯˣǡ
˲ΡΡĵǣǷۣ飡
سٴα۾Ƭ֮ٿȻſŭͬһӿֱӽӸͬʱҲ˸˳ȥڵϣвѪ
س췢һŭ𣺡飬飬˭˭ɱһӣӰԲ㣬ģ˭ɱ㣬һὫʬΣң
󲿷ֵؼ˶֪ӰسĶӣڳ֮ʱͱѡУΪһεӰ


988 ػԯ
سӣҶϣСӰҲǱҶɱȻĿǰ֪ǲΣΪ˸ԼӱǾԲŹֵġ
ؼ³׵ˣΪӰɲһˣӵ죬ؼҵɱҪһӰ֪ҪѶԾö
Ӱˣŵ˵ؼҵǱһֻţҪһӰҲҪʱ䣬ˣؼҵŭ𣬿ʼнϯȥ
ҶһƫƧĵطչ֮ǻָеоһʹʯ뵽ĿǰԯһûϵԼԻʱŷţصԯ˵
Ҷڽ½ϴؼҵķ֧ڣΪʱʵ̫ݣؼҷ֧ѾõϢʼ׷ʱ룬֮󣬲źòִһط
Ȼһ˶ǿϣٴ׾ٵ⴦֧ȻʼչѹսƷ
ҶȻԶһͬũһϺҰ֮УȻϺͨˣҶʶΪ
ϺԶԶͣҶֵð£ǰմ
ҶһӦþԯҵˡ
Ҷ
ȻϺ϶ʱ¶֮ɫڵص
ҶҲǳһһֱϺǰһӽˣԯô
û취ؼѾ־ʼѰ䣬ΧǧɽΧԯҲֻܰҵȵѰҿ뵽ؼһ֧ҴҸ
Ϊʲô
²֪
Ҷüͷһ壬ؼҵŭ󣬵ԯҵôˣȻؼұƵ˴ӪȴȻҷ
ΪԼؼץסѵԼôؼҷ֧ǻ²
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»
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Ҷţռ֮ţ̼ѾǧɽΧ
һգҶԸоڵǧɽԼϴҪһǿҵɱ֮жԼĿһѪתѪ֣֮ȻԯѾµĽԷؼ˴롣
ʲôˣ
һȴʮѲߵӳҶǰһҶ̶֮¶˷֮ɫ
Ҷֹǵ¹Ǽֱȥϣ
仰֮ҶѾʧ
ԯҴ֮ϣҶ֮⣬ԯҵ鳾ϵľѾȫ֣ԯ켤ĵǾ֪϶ƽ
Ҷͷؼҹƣ͵˲֮֮Ǹصķ֧ѾҲû취ϵֻһؼҷ֧һߵȴϵҡ
Ҷ򵥵ĽԼľһ֮ʵϣԯҵ׳ʲô£ΪʲôؼŰȴҼԻ
ԯ¶֮ɫԯóӡѳܣǸͽǵʱֻؼǵķ֧
Ҷͷ˳˿
˵ڸؼԣؼҸ֧ʱǾ뵽˿϶Ҳ׼ʼԷȻû뵽ǣؼҾȻˣ
ʲô
ҶȻվⲻܣؼôܻأ
Ҷκ˶ҪнΪʦѡеʮ֮һѾǿĽƸסˣܹͻƵ˽硣
ؼȻֻ֮Ҫн磬ҲҪܵһƣûͻƵĿܡ
ԯЦŵҲţǸҵ϶ͷҲؼμǰѾҾ൱鳾ű֮ȻڴŰǰͻȻʧزû뵽ȻͻƣΪˡ
ҶȻţüʵۼǸ
ԯͷǵģִ£ҵȻţڰǰҲǸոյ֪Ϣ֮ʱ׼뿪ȥ͵ģȻͻȻ֣ȫȻͬһ㣬ûж֣һվ˶ʧȥ˺ֵģʼµķƣȻĻԯѾɢˣ


989 ιʯ
ԯԴ䣬϶֮ҶȴȻе޷ţֻܹΪӦؼڻǸ˲֪ʲôôӶǴֽơ
ĿܾͬѪĶн֮Ŀռ䣬ֻЩռ֮Уܲʦ½ƵӰ졣
Ǹô죿
ԯ³εĿ⣬ҶҲؼǳˣǳ˼ǧɽ֮⣬ûκεİ취
ҶҲǺ˽֣˵ʵ˽⣬ԼڵʵѪǺܹͻƵ֮ǰһҲ˵Ķ֡
֮ҶɣҪȱչһʱ䣬ҳ֮취
ãǵʼµķƻֲ̫á
֪һᾡİ취ģұչڼ䣬ʲô֪ͨҡ
Ҷص˻磬ٵϸ˵˳ˣ˳ܹʲô취
ⶪ֮ҶԼҲץʱ俪ʼչأΪҪ˵ԿˣҲûϣǾʹʯе飡
ӰӰ֮Ҷ޷⣬ȻʹʯͻȻ֣׵ľͽӰΪУԼ˳ټʹʯԾ죬ôе飬пҲ֮
ܹԼôҲܹԻⳡΣѡ
ʹʯҶǰҲûκζһ鷲ʯһҶԥһ֮ڿʼŽԼʶ̽С
ʶոʯı棬ʹһɼȻҶʶɵˡ
ҶŵüæջʶüͷʯǰԼҲʶȥ̽ʯڲֻǱȻڹʯȻһֻ̰ĹһԼʶˡ
̰Ĺޣ
ҶȻ뵽СԣͬʱҲȻʶǲΪʯ֮дڵ飬Ѿһֳ˯Ǳӡ״̬˹Ҫ뿪ʯͱҪմ
ǰӰյһ
ȻˣԼβʳ
ҶԼ뷨ȽϺԾðճһ£ֱֵʯ
ৡһͬʱʯдľ޴˽ȥ
ҶԿ϶ʯڵȷҪæͳʮ龧ʯ飬̲صԴԴϵŹʯȥ
ʵҪҶ龧ʯһ飬ԼͻŹʯƮȥֱȫսȥ
ʯľһͷСԻҪܳԵĹޣٶȿľˣʮ龧ʯ̺˲ʧһա
ҶһƷ龧ʯʼһ龧ʯƷףƷƷƷƷ
ÿƷ龧ʯʮ飬֧ʱʮ龧ʯѾȫ˷ʯȻ˹ʯ֮С
ٶҶ಻ѣԼĻոƷ龧ʯҲԽֲȫˣǹʯսȥ֮󣬾һ޵Ԩһ㷴ӦûС
ҶЦԼҪ龧ʯСҪ龧ʯʯҲҪ龧ʯ治֪ԼҪȥѼô龧ʯ
ؼҵķ֧֮ҲѼ˲ٵ龧ʯԼҪȵ絽鳾֮ҪƷ龧ʯʱܹϡ
ʮƷ龧ʯʧ֮ҶоһˣȥʲôʱǸͷҪܻ黹ֵãһѵĻЩ龧ʯɶװ˷ˣ
Ҷ׼ٳʮƷ龧ʯͷʱ򣬶ߺȻˡһٴδ
ҶҲһ²ǳҶ֪ǰܷ˵
ĵƬ̣ҶΪʯ鲻κηӦʱͻȻʯͷ֮дһ̾Ϣ
Ȼֻһ̾ϢȴǶҶʻĻӦҶһϲæٴʵðǰݡ
Ƭ̵ĳ֮Ǹٴ𣺡㣬˭⣬
Ϊ΢䶼ᣬ˵ĸоǴڱ״̬һ㡣
֤ˣǻŵģʹʯв֪꣬ȴȻ飡
κ˶޷ţ
ҶæҶн磡
塭С磬ңڷ˽𣿡
һ⻰Ҷ˷ܲѣ˽൱ھеһƣٻ֪ڼԿ϶Էľھ죬æŵǵģǰнǷ˽еһ磬֪ǰմ
ۡӰأ


990 Ӱ
Ӱأ
ĸͬĵףֱҶͷ𾪵ȫ˵
ǰҶոմӺǵĿе֪λӰأһӰɣӰóӰӹķʽȫǺӰһޡ
ʱҶΪпһӰӾȻΪĴڣȻû뵽ͱԼõʹʯ֮дڵ飬ȻӰأ
ȻҶҲΪʲôǰӰӰ𣬻ᱻʹʯֲȫգһӰؿӰĺڰθڣҪ˵Ӱĺڰ֮ƿأûܹǿӰˣԵӦϤӰӹʽг֣ա
ʵҶֻǲ¶һ룡
Ӱ֮ԻӵôǿʵҪΪӵһĶĶǽӰػѵĹؼ
ȻЩ⣬ҶеȻû˿ļˣԼȻһλۣ
ӰôǿᣬΪʲôܽʹʯ֮УԼܽȥģǱ˹ؽȥأ
Ҷ뽫ǺйǼʶʶһλ˵żӰء
Ҷʱ嶯ΪܿĳӰڼΪ˵ܱš
ղŶҶ˵龧ʯһλ൱˵գȻԶԶ
㣬Ƿˣ
ȻӰص𣬶Ҷæ˵ͷǵģ
ǣ֪𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һٴεͷ֪
û˵Լǵ֪죬Һ֮޿ɻĳޣΪĿǰ֪Ӱأǵѡ
ڣʲô磿ʲô
Ҷе㲻֪λشҪ۾磬ԼųأʵԺ鳾ĸ࿹⣬ԣǾ͸ˣ
΢΢Ҷʵʵ˵ǰĹȽ⣬Ȼֻгصľ磬ҵʵȴԽս鳾ߣԣҲһ֡
ҶһԼԡ
ǺǡҶĻӰغȻһΪЦԽս㣬š
˵ӰصȻֹҶʮֵĽ֪׳ʲô״˰̲֮סѯʵǰ֪ںûʲô취ܹ
ôȥĻ֪ʲôʱ꣬ҶָӰܹԼԿؼҵֻҪһܣԸȥԣӰ㸴ԭ
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ӰصĻĪ⣬ҶȴˣΪʱͰɽ֮ʱĹϸĽ͹
֮Ȼڶ࣬ǹ˷ԴֻԣԵһ֡
ȻԵҲǰѪԹɱȵȣԡ
ӰؼȻӰӣҲԣôȻֻ֮ղҶṩЩ龧ʯȻҲһڵЧ΢
ǰٶһʱ䣬ھȥѰԡ
ҶнӦҲͬɽĳ֮ĵطֻҪӰغúõո
ȻӰȴǾܾңҴһս㣬ɱɱ죬ɺã
ҶȻһӰؾȻҪԼսҪԼɱ죬ôȻ׼;֮ͬޣܾܿǽӡʹʯ֮У
ҶϣӰܹеĻȫ˵꣬ΪľȻΪԼ⿪ţȻѾ˾죬ΪˣΪʲôֻ;г
У֪֪ԼʦԼλʦ֣
Ȼǲܵġ
ǰҪҵǲǸӰйصսѧˣڵʵܲɱˣ
ӰزûлشĻԹԵĵ㣬
ʵҶʹʯֻһ׶Զ˹ȥҪ˹ʯ֮ϡ
Ȼһɺɫʹʯ֮˳ˣҶⲻ֮£ֱӳ塣
ҶӦô£Ժ֮жȻӰص
ȻԾ΢ǴҶУȴͬĺĳӣ쾪һ㣬¡¡죡
Ӱ֮֮Ρ
һμΪɬµĿھķÿһֵҶԺ֮жӦĸֳһӰӣӰŤҡڣó֡
ÿֶ͸¶һǿս⣬Ҷ鲻ԽԼѧϰսʱ龰
ھķֻж̶̼ʮ֣Ӱ˵֮󣬴Ϣ˰³һ仰Լѣɱˣܣ


991 Ӱս
ȻҶ֪Ӱ˵˸־ǻشԼ⣬ǴʱѾϾȥЩˣΪѾȫĳǶ̶ʮֵķھ֮ˡ
ҶµûӰشľӰӰΪĹֶΣΪӰս
ӦñӰյӰսҪӵ꾡ȫ棡
ЩӰ֮дǿս⣬ͬսһͬĳϵ֮⣬ɬѶÿһҶҪϸϸĥϰ졣
ԲѷɫսҪսΪӰؾȻ˵ҶԼѵģôп鳾ʵȥɱˣ
Ҷڵʵ˴ȵȻĻ޷ʮֿ꣬ȻҲӵӰأ治һǿߣܹǿս
ͬʱҶҲԼ֮жһҲǴ֮ǸɫġӰӣ
Ȼ˿ӰֻгȴɢһְǻһֻǱҶĵ֮Уһ
ֲǣ˿ӰӾȻܹҶﶼиҪҶΪôܹͻѪķҲֻܿһƬڵӰӡ
Ҷ֪˿ӰӣӰܹ֮ʩչӰսԭҲǻӰصĹؼΪ˿ӰӣԭӰرһ֣
ҶĲš
ʮȥʯ֮ϺȻһ˿Ӱӣ²Ƽһ㡣
ʮȥ˿ӰѾͬһСҹƽ
ʮȥҶܷԲʮ֮ڣһƬɼ
ʮȥӰʧҶҲȻ۾
ѾӰսҲ֪ˣӰսȻͬ޴󣬵ϸ˵սԵ
սһǰƸ۵Ĺ֮Ӱսȴǽƫ棬汸Ĺ֮
һӰս֮аŶֶֹΣӰʩչЩȫһģӰεȵȡ
ǿҲһӰؼɢҶţӰԼɱǿܵģӦָľһС
Ҷӱչ֮ѹ֮󣬾Ͷʹʯİݣô˵Ӱضд֮
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ȻӰսҶû뿪ǽʹʯ֮ٴν뵽˵һ
һȻӡѽ⣬ЩȻҲٳʹ࣬󲿷˶ڰĸУֻ֮²ֻҲܿɹԶԸ˷ѡ
ҶûоŵκˣȻϢʯԱߣҪԼһԸиһʯͷѪ
Ȼʯ֮ѾҶգΪܻľĸʯ̶̳Ȼ޷
Ҷ˷ѪԼʥ꣬ľеǸģ㻨ʱ䣬иĴָһСء
ҶЦãôСһ飬һ㲻˷ѣƳҲСĿӦʦҲֻŪôһС飬Ͼʮ˽һ𣬲γѪ
ôˣĿĴﵽҶ뿪ѪѪ
ǻȥˣһҪе׼ȫ㣬ȻٳأʱԯҵҲûԼӦûӣԼҲõġ
Ҷʮ˸˷ѪΧһȦڷԼǰȻһСĸʯ˽ȥʼ
ҶΪиʱӦҲˣȻû뵽һµʱ䣬ԼƷ龧ʯеǽĴָСľĸʯɹĴһؽУ
ĽУȴͷųһɷ֮ĺ⣬ж˾ñȻȲ൱ڳеľƷ
Ҷȡһִؼҷ֧֮ѹΪ侫ֵӲȼߵϣѪһʱ侫һΪ޿ɱ⣡
ҶȴȻ⣬ΪѪɫĽ֮Ϲ⻬羵տҲ
Ѿ֪ǺõȻ·ܹ֪·ҽԿ֮ϣôܽƷһء
ϧĿǰֻˡ
ֻǣôСĽͬʹأﵱᱻЦ
Ҷĥ֮ͻȻſͣؽֱӷ˿У
вؽ䲻⣡


992 
ҶŹ˼Σĵ˵ͷԺʱֻʮ˷֮һѪΪԼһ
ѪɣȥҶͷһԸȻϳأٴαĿѪϿյǸѨλѪɫӰĥԼҪͨЩѨλ
ûлͷ
ҶѾ֪ѪսĹһȱݣǴʱѾûлͷ·ߣֻмȥӴ˵龧ʯȵպ˵ɣ
ĿǰΪֹҶѾͨʮѨλѨʮֱֲͷţԼ˫ϵӿȪѨʮͨѨλһ
Ŀ磬ѪɫӰѲҶĿӰͷ֮ϵ̫Ѩ
̫ѨҲ˫ѨҸһԳƣҪԣǲͨҲ֪ԵѨǱУҲʣ
ȻҪѨλͨΣպѶԶѨλҶҲ˵ÿͬʱͨѨλ뷨ֻȫ̫ͨѨ
һʱ䣬̫̽Ѩľλ֮ҶͳͨѨĹȫԽԼȥУҪټչء
磬ӭһҶһ֮ڵôֱǿˣ治֪㵽ôģĽ˰
Ҷп˵ԼڵȷκĽǵ˺ڣҪϵĻǿɾǿˡ
Ȼ˵ЦŶԺǺǵҲѾȬ˰ɣôûȤǹУ
ҶȻͬʱԺǺս˶΢΢һعŭ֮ɫҲ̫˰ɣǵ϶Ķ֣˶ԸһǴ´࣡
ǾԿ
£Ī籧Сԣǳ˳ССһ̵ܵԶ㹻ĳǿ߽֡
ֵĵΪ˹ƽҾͲˣ֡
һԣȴȷҶ˽̶ԶȻ׼ȻҶͬʱԸȻʲôµսԼأ
Ҷվ֮ĵȻݣʮޱȵʯӵֱҶ
һǣ治鰡
ĻǱɣ
ҶЦԼǣǧҪ飡
ŵȻݣҶѾնʮʯȴȫͣ˽¡
ʯ죬ȴ޷ټǰ´룬ȻǱҶǿסˡ
Ҳɵ֪ԼĻᣬ֣ſ³һɳ۳ɷҶϯȥ
ԣȴóԣʹãΪΪʱǿ壬õĹ
ԸҶȻԼΪǶսɼҲûҶ
裬ֱ綼΢΢ȻҶȴǲ㲻ɷϯԼϣΡȻ
һĻ̲סһ䣺Ѿǻ̬ˣ
˫ֽӡһ֣βǷڿ۳һʮ׵ľ޴䵶
ŭն
䵶϶£ݺݵҶ˹ȥ;֮жȫһѷ죬һʮ׸ߵСɽҲδܱ⣬ֱӴмһΪ
ҶβӲˣ΢΢һЦȻʧɲǴԽգƶҶûµʱҲƶĲһЩѾʩչʮĲʣСΧ֮ڣٶȼԸϴԽˡ
ݡһʧʼձѹƵʯȻգúķ絶ײһ
ƿ֮𣬾޴ķ絶Ȼʯ˺˿ʯҲ֮Ϊ촷ۣƮء
̫ˣ
̲סǹֽҶԼͺǽһ£
Ļ꣬ҶѾǵǰ¶Цݵˣ
ˣŸոտʼһߴһҪٴηȻʱźȻ֣ԼֽžȻһεסˣܶ
ٿҲͬˣֻצǱ˵һ
һۣǾȲѣ֪ҶͬʱסԼ˵ġ
һԹս˳˹ؼڣһָӰӣ
Ǻæͷ֮ϣҶӰӺԼ˵ӰѾںһ𣬲ҶӰӲ˵״Ƿѿľסǵ壡
̲סͬʱ˾ǣ㣬ôӰӵĹʽˣ


993 ߳
˳ȻܹӰӵı仯ȴ֪ӰսĴڣǺȴʮӰ˵ӰصļΪĹʽ
ҶȻܹʩչսԴҲ벻ԭ
ǣҶȻҪκεǽ˶ټ˹йӰص¼ϸ˵˳
ʵ˵¼ҲͽˣĪ˳˵ȻΪ𾪣ȴҲû̫뷨
ںǺǳڣɾȫͬˣ޶Ŀ¶⣬ӰأǿۣĿеżµǻʺԻʶֻĺ󱲣Ҳǳ羴֮
ӰؾȻʹҶڵǿʹʯ֮УʵǼ˼顣
ع֮̾ҪҶʹʯٻҪúõİһӰء
Ҷ֮£ֻ׼ʹʯг˼ΣȴԼȻ޷ǰٻʹʯ
ӣӦӰصľѣӰ쵽ʹʯԼҪĻƾҶڵˡ
޵϶һʧ֮ɫܿҲȻˣֻҪӰػҶ֮Уô϶ܼҲһʱ
ˣҶվѾչˣʱȥؼˣ߰ɣ
ΣҶͺһ˳Ҳ˳ȥ
ҶܵǹƥؼңҪԯҵԯҺؼңнڶǾͷ֮ײһսʱҪ˳ıߣӶܵļ
ֱԯҵĴԯҵ˺ܿ쵽룬Ҷ򵥵Ϊһ½ܣȻԯ˲֪ҶǴˣȴ˭ҲǣͿı˴˴к
ϣʱ䣬ؼûʲô
Ȼǰһ˴ѹΧѹԯ֮⣬нѰ䣬Ѿ³Ƿ֧ɱӰľ
Ҷ˵ͷ˳ڰڣһ˵ȶָӣǵĿֻһǳؼңͬʱܵļҷ
˳ҲƴǣֱӿڵҪ˽ؼҺǵʵԼǧɽĻֲ
ЩȻ⣬ԯȻǧɽôãҲûţһֱڻѾؼҵʵ
ֻԯܹЩ飬ؼҺͻ֮ϵؼҼ֮⣬κ˶֪
ؼĿǰһ鳾ˣֽ˵䲻⣬鳾֣ؼҴӪǧɽ⡣
ԯң鳾ʮ
֮ؼû˵ĻԯҿԽؼҺĸɵϾҶѾؼҰӰڵ鳾֡
ǾһˣѹԯңҶ
˳ŵܹ֪˵ͺˣ
Ҷ˳Ϊ˽⣬仰֪Ѿ˰취Ψһľ˵ˣЦŵ⽻Һˡ
һҶȥʲô취
߳

ǧɽռذңɽΧȫؼ˸Χ󲿷ֵıǼ档
ԯΪܹٵĵطͻΧȥҲǲʵģ˵ˣ鳾߳ĸ֣Ҳ˲伫
ؼľͬһ㣬ǧɽΧʱ˲񣬹ؼ˾סһݻ֮оϴǰҦңǱӻȥ˪үүͣ
ͣ鳾ű֮ĸ֣һոƹضȻΪȶؼģͬʱҲǷԯҵ鳾űֳ֡
ЦеĵүүѾǧɽΧ˿СʱˣԯȴʼûжѵǾһֱôȥ𣿡
Ϊؼպܵļ̳֮һ˪ֵܹˣȴʺĵطôʱ䣬ҪƷˣȻϣȥ
͵Ķڰ֮ǰԯҵһδսвɥڶ˪ǼΪĳ磬˵ӲҶ֣֮ҲҪβһ֧˺
׵ĻĿ΢΢۾һţȰһЦԯͦ˶ˣǵĴүүѾǧɽΧ˿ռӡ׶Ͼǵȥ·Ǹ޷뿪ǧɽֻܽܳ
Ȼ͵Ļ䣬һ˫ȴǶȻŴһѾﲻסˣ˳ˣ


994 ײ񷶥
СûжǧɽϿգڳˣһһ٣Ҷԯˡ
˳ֵɲǣҲǽ󣬳ǵǰ
ȻҶʶԯ˺ȴʶͷˣ˼棬ȻǷۺ졣
͵Ŀֻԯ˵ɨһۣ㼯еԱҶϣȻͬûмҶԴ֮󣬶жؼҲ飬ȫ˸ɵġ
СС;ԯ԰ڳһӵļƣȻӦþҶˡ
Цһԯˣԯڲͷڹˣ
ԯ˺ĻӦͣĴڰûɽܵס𣿡
бԿ
ҶȻڵϣúϻˣֱɱǣ

ԯ˴ӦһһԾ޴Ļƽ𴸺ȻɳӲӣҫʣɽ
ͺη壬һӳһɫ޸ֱŻƽȥ
˶Ƣ֮ˣԸԵҲ
䣡
ײ죬ֱضΪ֮ǧɽؼʱЩȴǰȻ˿ɾ֮Ӱ죬ȻΪǵܶǿĽơ
ҶûйעλǿߵĽ֣ǽĿͶעؼҵĽ֮ϣ֮͸Һԯսһ𣬾ΪƵĴڣֻҪؼ˴УõĻܵ˺
ڱпǲɼģҶԻʶʶȴԼһε񷶥񷶥֮ϲɫ·⻪ҫȻǳԾ˵Ѿﵽ˾ֱʡ
΢һҶ̧һֻѪɫƺبأݺݵ񷶥ȥ
ˣ
񷶥һ𵴣ɫ⻪Ȼ׵ľͽҶĴӡ鿪
һĻ̲סڼСӣƾ΢ĩУƿƣǳΣ
ҶΪĵһ̽ƿǲйأ
ȻӡУҶ˫鱧ţһɽȻ֣˳ȥ
ȻɽƣҪǿ˲ֹʮǽȴȻͬ񷶥֮Ͻ䣬ٴ׵Ľɽޡ
Ҷ˫ֲͣһһɽиֶֺϷ
Ƭ̹ɽͳܣնȫơ
Ҷ˫ֻɽͬʱ񷶥Լȴٴ˫鱧һСɽС
ΣҶСɽɽ֮󣬳񷶥
䣡
ɽͬʱײ񷶥֮ϣֱýغֱʣ񷶥֮µؼˣ󲿷ֶɾһƨ˵ϣΪ͵ĸǿвѪ
Ȼ⻹ûнǰɽײƻδȫɢȥҶҲСɽҲ񷶥֮ϣݺݵıɽң
¡¡
񷶥Σȫı¶˳·ǻһ㣬ʼŤȻɫâҲ²֮ײ֮
һ̣ͺԯ˶ǲֹͣ˴򶷣ΪȻ˵ҶǵһμҶֺ֣˼µĴ򷨸ˡ
ʮɽײԼֱһɽײ£ʵ̫ˣ
Ҷƺ죬ȴȻδܳ׶̵񷶥
ҶҲǿʼţӦĳΪˣȻĻʵڲĽƳ
ȻȻһֳʮ˸˷Ѫ죬ɳ֮Ƭ񷶥ȫΧ
ƣǾֻԻԿˡ
͵ڳ׵Ķղһ˲䣬ĵҶǿƿƣĻؼҵ˿ɾҪùˡ

ٷϻ
ԯ˴͵Ļͷֳֻƽ𴸣ͬʿ·һٴκݺݵȥ˲վһ
ֻｫ񷶥ΧȵĻգҶվڿУӸ£ȻȫٿŻ棬ȴڰֹҶŪôĶôû֣ѵƲ㲼µĽƣ
ҶҲ˺ģܲ˵ȫ߶棬ԽԽͣԽԽպ˰ա
ڣܵͷһ˿ļ£Ҷ֪Ӧˣæԯ˴£ϣ˻ȥ
ԯ֮ǰͱҶˣ˵̺ԥĻһâ¶ǧɽڣҶҲǴһӣʮ˸˷Ѫջڣȴûкԯһֻ˸λã׶ȴĳ֡
ͬʱԯҵĴ֮Уԯ˻δѾңңˣǿˣ


995 
ԯ˵ǵ¶һ˿Цݣӳһ˶ȥȥؼתת
ԯʮλ鳾ֺȫ˻Уǳ˳˵ͷһ˽ȥ
ȵ˶ȥ֮˳Žźã𵶵ڴ֮УȴҶĹ
뻭磬ԯ˶ǾȲѣֱţһ澹ȻԳһ磬˳㡣
Ǽ򵥵ָŸϹĪҶţ
ԯˣԯڣæĶĪݼˣ
ĪʱһƬæһɵĵҪʲô
һЦ˸⣬ҶؼˣûȥؼҶǵѣؼҽԯҷˣ޷򿪿ռ֮ţֻܴӻǰؼңˣ磬Ҫץʱ䣬Ҷ϶ס̫ãȥٻأ
ĪϡͿ˵ʲôֻܵͷǵĵ㡣
ǵͷк˵׼𣿡
ȻǵʵԯϣǴʱ˿̣ԯϾԼ׻һίʵ޷ҶôϡŹֵĶȻжԹԵźǵĺ
ÿ˶óһţɲͨԯҵģͨؼҵģ
ؼһûнԯҰΧ֮ǰ˫ѾսΣԯûٴؼѹţʱҲҾ룬û뵽ȴó
ţһӿܹʮռ֮ţÿѡһ룬ؼҵϳɱȥ
˳뵽ļƲߣȻԯҼɵֻһλˣôʵǿҶȥսؼңܴʹ򣬲ܴͶǧɽҲԯ콾µĽơ
ǳؼɢĻᣬͨŸؼϳѶ˵
ؼȻԾ鳾򣬵ʵߵسҲֻ鳾䣬ԯͬǺڣܹʮ鳾֣鳾űĶ֣ԸؼȻֵ
Ϊλǧɽֻܱ߲׼׼Ľƣؼκ˶뵽ԯҾȻͨһȻ뿪
ʱ˿̣Ѿ֣һ֮УͬҶڻ翴һĿ
ǹǿϢҲҶϢĸоԣҶˣǲ֪ʲô취ͻʦµĽƣɹĴӷ˵ľ磡
վľһ߲ʵһĿεҶϴ˼º俪ڵҶ
ҶǧɽĽƣвԣܹ̳ؽ֮УҲ̫ңͷҾҶӣλ˾ˣ
Ȼ֪Ѿ֮㻹ҹңӹȻС죬ҲӲˣ
һЦҶȻʶ˲ԾΪԼԴһǿ²ûͷҲ֪ڰгˣĿĺܼ򵥣ǶԼȥ·ԼӻǧɽĻᡣ
ʱҶֲģڴʦµĽʮּɵ˵ûͻƽƣԲŻ˽ţǣԼҲļǵôʦԼӰ˵һλ
ֻҪû˽٣ôԯҾͻ
֮ǿʦ֣ҲûбʤģôµĽƣȻҲǲܵסˡ
ȻѾˣΪλ޷ͻƴʦֲµĽأ
ѵ˵ˣ
Ǽ٣ֻԲ֪ˣ
Ҷеĵʱ׳ЦŵȻҸҳôҾûҪȥ죬֮Ʊֻһ˻¡
Цͬ׵ֱ񷶥ǧɽĽƶһҵ𵴡
˵ĺãҶɱؼҵȷǲܷŹ㣬ѵΪҵĶ֣
ǲǣԿ֪ˣ
ҶһɨΧǻطɣҶ˼ɣȫʩΪ
ˣʵҲ϶鳾űҪߣҶһ֣˫ȫԸĻǱ˴˶ҪԼĽƻܵӶٵһǶؼ˻ԯ˵ΪǴս޹Ʒ
⣡
ã
ҶתһâԶȥ͵˵ͷһ˦
ԯҴ֮ϣԭе˳ȴüͷҲţվʼߣ԰ôòǱ˲ס˰ɣ
ͬʱ˭Ҳûע⵽ǧɽΧͻȻȿռ֮ţ߳ʿ
֮һȻҶںؼҼģλ˵ҪΪӵȫ֮ĺɺĵʿӣ


996 һ
Ҷ˳Ҳǰһ裬˵Ĵڣû뵽ʱ͵͵ԯҵΧ
ȻԯҲؼҵţؼȻҲͨԯҵţֻؼҼȻѾǧɽΧȻҲͷգ뵽ǧɽ֮ڣټϵħԯ콾Ϊǧɽ˽֮⣬ΪԯҵסҲ˽ƣΧҲԯҡ
͵͵ĿģҲҪڲԯңΪ˺ɺȫ֮
ʵӺʦ޵ӣؼڽ½ļͨŶݼ׵ȵˣĿľǰæƽ֮едΪ˱ܣؼ֮УҲֻ֪ǵݡ
ֵˣȻƷǶŶݼ֮ȴ裬Ȼûн벻֮֮£˺شΪд󣬸һҵƽ֮ȫۣ֮֮
ʦֵܶ˵찵ãҵ˺ɺλӵȫ֮ˣǺؼԯΪɽǵʱؼҲĿŵĶԸؼңΪֻװŪ޵нɺӡȻðΪβ
Ȼ㲻㣬ۿ˵ıó֮ʱҶȴǴʶ˵Ĺƣӱ飬ټ϶ԯҲʮּɵԼæŵĨ֮ͣ󼪡
ؼλ˵ĳ֣ѾȫѹסԯңλȻҲٴαΣðս׽úɺ
ò˵ǵĲΪԯ鳾ϵĸѾȫǰؼң˵ؽ԰֮УԷǧɽһ٣Ҳһ㱣ΪۿĸƶҪĴڼ԰֮еĽƻδһɾͷʦֵܶˣȻҡڵľʹԯС
ټҲ鳾һĸ֣ǼȻԺɺֽţȻܹ֪ɺ䣬׵Ĵȥɱ˺󣬾ͽɺֱ°ߡ
˳֪Ϣ֮󣬲һĴȣһ⣡
˼ȻܹȻҲܲµֻ׼׼Ľޣץɺ̴֮򿪿ռ֮֮زز˳޴ȥ׷
Ҷȥأԯ鳾ֶǰؼңɺȻץߣ˳Ǽˡ
Ȼ˳ڲ֮е󷨲ǺҶ֪һ󷨱ƣ¹ش
޲ߣֻܼϣҶܹҲܹнİ취
ʱҶѾ˾ǧɽǧ֮ңһ޴ĻɽҰ֮С
˼ȺͬʱأҶһЦ̽ոӵգӲӣʮɫ֯޵Ƭȫ
ȻĿ֣飬֮ȴǳĺãҶոؼ֮׶·һ̣
ȻΪԼԱɱҶҶոҪԼסʵȴڷԼ·
Ҷ̧ͷ˿ո΢΢һЦӦϾͻ֪ҼոĿˣ
仰΢΢һҶĻ֮⣬Ȼʱ֮ͻȻһ׹⣬һŴѶʯϡ
˴Ѷʯе֮󣬻ⶸȻǵ࣬һɾɱ۳ʵȻҶ˹ȥͬʱһҶˣ
ɱϮ壬ҶȴͬɽΡȻһЦѾҷ˵صˣˣҲ׬ˣΪؼǧᣬ
ԭҶ̼֮ոƬ򣬾Ϊס
ԯ˹ؼңؼұȻ֪ͨԼؼˣͨ϶ܹ˲ϻأȻҶȴĻԯ˾ͻȫɱ
סܹϻȥԮԯϼϺǡܹʮ鳾ĸ֣һؼҡ
ʵ˳ļƻҶ֮˵ǧɽ֮УܹһҪ뿪ҶҲϸ뿪ƣһҪ֣Ҷ˻أȻе޳ܣȴ԰ȫķס
Ҷλ˵ݲ֮ðպͶԷ򿴣Ĵ򲻹ոӰսĲУԼҲߵĿܡ
õؼǱߴϢǷζҪըˣΪҶ˵ĽҶɱˣؼҲĲˡ
ˣֻ취һǾɱҶһǾƵոĽƣѡǰߣ֮ϵĽȻʧ¶ʵĿ˫֮ɫ
â֮鱻סĿռ֮ͻȻʼݣһƬڰգ


997 ֮
ƾĿ⣬Ȼռ䣬գҶ𺳣ʵԲǷܹʩչģ
˵ݵǼ٣ҶҲѾûκ·ˡ
˳˺ԵĿռ䣬֮С
ҶҲûã
һŭ˫Ƭ֮ڲ룬Ϳռ䲻ϱһƬƬڰճ֣ȻЩպܿͱǿĿռ䷨޸ǼΪĺˡ
˵֮еҶĿԼܣƬڰվǽƤһϵı뿪͸¶һĶڣƵòٴ˺գصʵ֮С
ոԽյķʽûκãȻҶȴǲһȻ˺ռ䣬ٴδԽ˽ȥ
ҵҪܶ㵽ʱ
Ȼ֣ӳһӡⲢҶߵӡԼƵһ
ȻǳǾ֮ʹȴǲСǴӡ⻬ı棬Ȼֳһɫ·
ȻܹʹôӡͬʱΪ·ʵҶ̾Ϊֹ
·ΣӡҲ޷Ŵ󣬾ȻƬ򣬿ո֮¡
ӡɽĿ磬֮£ԭֻһСһС̮Ŀռ䣬ʱ޷˫ѹʼƬƬ̮¶ա
Ҷʩչ˼ޣ󣬲պⷽĿռ֮ڴ󣬾ʮηĹҺ濹һ
ּΪൢƬ̣ôؼҵͻӲ٣ҶһС㣬ץס

һŭ֮󣬴ӡȻٴα󣬷ʯĽǺݺݵײڽ֯޵Ľɫ֮ϣҵζ֮ƺҪǿͻƷ
һ޷֮ոһǿƺ͵·ʵٹǿᣬҲ޷ͻķ
ӡ֮ȴǻ£ռ伷ѹŤһţ֮УҶֲֿܸܵϢ֮Уʱܱѹҡ
Ȼֱ˿̣ȻھڼԽա
ڣӡѾȫĽռѹҶ޴ӵʱҶȴҲͻȻֹͣΣ̧ͷһɨ߸ոȥ̫һͬʱֱһȭſеĴӡȥ
һȭʵȴȭҶѧնԴѧս֮ѾܾûùˣȻȴٴʩչ˳
ȭӳٶȿ磬ǰȭֻҶ֮ȻһȭҲһȭеǽ޼᲻ݵĽ֮۳һ㣬ݺݻ
ӲӵȭͷӡѹĿռ䡰¡¡죬ֽͬһƺʱᱻһȭ˺ѣԵ˼¡
䣡
ȭȫڴӡĵе֮ϣһ죬ֱʮɫ죬
ӡǸĵ㿪ʼͻȻˡǡһ΢һ̱ƣϢķ˿
Ҷ֮ͬһȭͷҲ΢΢Ĳ
һȭ֮˵
Է죬۹Žмˣ
Ҳǰ𾪣ίʵû뵽ҶȻǿ˹ᶨҪȥľģȻǺ
ҶջȭͷֶĿĿֻˣҲûҪˣˣ
Ȼ쳤ЦҶû뵽ؼҺ˶ûп࣬Ȼˣڵȷ㲻ˡ
˵ĻȻһҵ֮꣬ҵӵ˵ʵɱ㻹練Ƶģ
֮ڣ
ѵ˵˸ԸԼĻǣӻн磬ҽ뵽ڣ
ɱ˵ĻҲһҪѵ˾Ͳ
ҶȻʱ벻ףҲûʱȥˣΪȴôáڵȵ̫ɽڰ˴أʺʩչӰսʱ
Ϣ֮УƬͻȻһƬڰ֣ɫȻ䣬һӰսӰսô᣿
ҶԼûӰķĻױ¶Լλá
һӰȻӰ絶ĴţΪ̫ˣֻ֮꣬ҲȻûôǿֻҪᴩɱҲش
ȻͻȻ֮䣬֮϶Ȼ⣬ͬһ㣬ܰ˷ȥ
ͬʱһİȻ𣺡ӣ㻹õӰص洫


998 Ҳÿ
ͻȻԲ֮дһϵϣҶһӦλ֮ꡣ
仰ȻһڵԼӰսӰأȻӿ֤
ҶСӰӻӰۿžҪͱ壬ȴɵ˲ɢ
Ӱ֮ױƣ
Ҷμ˺֮ľ룬С顱˫֮гעλ֮ꡣ
Ŀ棬εĶҶ¶һ˿Ȼ΢ЦȻӦǵõӰص洫һ֪ӰαӡƵľĸʯ֮еİɣ
Ƶľĸʯ
ҶǲɫһԲȴȻ󲨣Է֪黹Ĳ٣˵ȻҲӹɣƺ׼еԵɸԼ
ӰضҶ֮ȻҶħΪʦǶӰͬҲһַĵ𾴺͸мȻҲ˽йһС
˸ҪҶĻشԹԵ½ŵӰأȷеСʵѲŰĿһУϹ˳ǣƾһ֮ǿ⣬ֻϧ۵ʵɣӰؾǰؼ֣֮ؼַӡƾĸʯģ
ⷬǾһҶ𾪲ѡ
ȻӰرǷӡǲò˵Ӱսʮرķı֮ϰһ˿Ӱ֮󣬵õ˲ֵӰս
˵ҶжȻ˹˼˵ǴĻ˵ȻǾķ˿Ӱ͵нؼңӶӰ
˵¶֮ɫµķǳԣ
ҶѾȫˣѹֵӰԼʩչӰһʱʹʯͻȻ֣ҽӰȫ˽ȥΪӰظӦԼȱĲ֣
ҲͨǲֲȱԼڣӶԼӰս
ҶȻ̧ͷע˵ôЩѵ㲻׼ȥЩ𣿡
ͻȻЦЦҡͷղһû뵽ͱ䱿ˣʲôҵĺؼңԼӰڣֻǵƷͻдƷǸ㲻ǵֱϵֻҪԸ⣬ʱؿκٴδһȫµؼң
ҶĴ˸ûие¹Ȼڣλ˵Ļȴðһ˿⡣
ؼңǻҳ֮һĺˣһ㣬нؼҲΪ˶ԺѣȻʵϣԭֻͻдƷ
㲻ֱϵˣǵڿ϶ѪŨˮѪȻ˵Ŀ֮УûнǵʱʱԻٵһ΢ӣ
ˣ
ΪԼĿģԼͬ嶼ܾķˣ
˵ʵҶΪнؼҸеһ˿
˽о仰дҲÿˣɱǣȻҲҪΪǳͷȻ֪ҪЦؼҵģԣҲǱҪģ
ҶԵȻˣȴӵлʵ֮壬˵޷ˣȻע⵽˵֮֮ⷬȴǶȻһ˿ı顣
Բ¶ģˣ
ȻԼ嶼Ϊ֮ڵĿУȻ˵ĻʵǷŭ˼¡
ΣҶ˵ʥͯ½껣ǰһޣֻҲʥͯ˵꣬һĿǰҶδ֪ķʽ½껸ıʥͯ
ô˵½֮仹żƵĵط¶˿Ҷϣ
Ҳ˲ǿҵĺ⣬һ֮е꣬һ߸ϣһ£һȴǳԹޣҶ˵Ȼһ¡
ˣ˵ô࣬ҲӦûʲôźˣɣ
Ż£֮ǷĽⶸȻ֮仯һŽɫĻ棬۳һ̲Ҷϯ¶֮ߣҶʱһȡ
֮ԱȷѪĻ滹Ҫǿϼ֣Ӧ˵Ļˣ

ԪˮҶ˳£ˮԴԴϵŽɫ潽ȥ
ͬʱ˫鱧ţɫڿи֣ڴţɣݵȥ


999 ƺ͵
Ϸոبأռ䣬ԪˮˮŽɫ棬սϽϵʥ긫ͬʱ
Ҷǿˣ
ɫ޻Żʣոĺ˾𵴣ʮɫҡβѣʱҪѿһ
Ȼȴɫݣϵ˿Ȼ΢Цû˿ı仯ݵ˼£ڻ꼴嵽Լǰ֮ʱ̧һֻӲӣ
֮ƿصǾ߲ϵ壬Ӧǲ壬ɣ֣Ȼڽ֮£Ȼͬ㾧ӨϾֱһֻŮ˵һ
һֻƣڿгŻһͬϷɵǰóһ
Ƶᣬûκ̻֮ҲûпӿĲһȴҶ϶ʱɫ
Ϊֻӹ֮Ȼһɫ·ռŤƺǲָ
̺֮Ŵ֮
Ī⣬ױȣ
ֻײһûо춯صֻлзһıɲ֮ͱƸޣ
ҶǿĹǰȻǶϷһ׵ľɢ
ȻȻı飬ҡҡͷ꣡Ҷ治춼Ѱң֮ϵĽϵʥȻУֻϧʵ̣ϵʥˣ
𾪺ãȻ֮ɫҶ̾˿ϸ꣬ǲǺ֣Ϊʲôϵʥ˲һЩƣǲǾЩܹƵƣ
ҶŵãȻԼеĽϵʥʵҲȷʵе֣Ȼȷˣǲ޷˸ȫһôûУ
㻢ĴСԼʵϢϢأôԼ൱鳾ʵԼ΢˵ս˫֮£ȴȻʧܣ˵ûзѪոҪǿ
Ǹղ˵ĺϵʥǾ춼Ѱң֮ϵģΪʲôôأ
ĸһֻĻͷ֮ϸǲ˷ĻƣҶ֮ʱȻ֪ʲô·ȴܴЩ֮иܵһָĸо֪Щ·
Ȼپôһ˵ҲĿЩƳ·֮⣬ȷеƣ
ɣЩȷƵƣģʥܹﵽļ¾磬ʥȴͨʥҪ߳һʥǿܹ֮۳˵·
ЩƵԾģ˵ˣǼûУڽϵʥУ൱һѣ
ƵȫôԻأнС磬׼Ϳɢ
˵һϯҶʱȻԭʥǿ۳ƺ͵ƣ
ԼȻӵл񣬵Ǵ֪ҪЩƵƣȻ֪ԼҲΪ
ѹԼֳֻ֮꣬µߣ֮µг׺ɱһˣûʲôôأ
˵ԼеĻ꣬Ҳһѣ
˵ٴ𣺡ӣð˽磬ֵõģѪ֮⣬û뵽ĵõϵʥ
֪ҶڻһϵʥǿҲ޷ڵֵȻӦû˷ܵˣ
ʥܹʹǵ˵УǾǻصĿֲ۶ҪΪ֮ɵ
Ȼ֪ʥҶпû˿˷ܣΪܷ뿪δ֪ʥһ˭У
ϴκǸƵĽ֣Ҷ̵Ŀֲ֮ƿصߵ彻֣Ҷʶ˵Ŀ֮
Ƶһ֣ܴݻٵԼĹ޷飡
仰˵ԼƺѾǭ¿¾ѪȫԼҲδܹƽ뿪
˼ȥҶջǾһӰս
ȻҶؼ˲ûƭԼӰӦľǱؼ˷ӡģȻܶӰص֪ô
ҶͬӰҲƭԼȻ˵ˡԼѣɱˣܡôȻԵľǽӡؼˡ
ӰսǿһУӰ
Ҷ嶸Ȼͬˮһڻˣֱ˵£һĻʼմŵȻ֮ɫ˵ϣ΢΢ɫ


1000 ̫֮Ӱ
ﶼ֣֮ΪڰΪΪΪӰ֮Ρ
϶ڵ֮ϣô޾ĵ˵Ҳ飬Щ飬Ӱ
ǻһֽ̫֮Ӱ
Ҳܶ˻Ὣ̫֮Ӱ˵£ΪϸĶȻӰȴκ˶Ҫ̫֮ӰǴڵģ޾ĵ£κ鶼Եеţ
ӰȻֻһսʵȴӰ䱾壬ٻ̫֮Ӱһַʽ
̫֮ӰĻۣļ壬Ǻԣϸ˵ƺ㲻һֵıԴ
ǳ˿ֲ֮һ˵棬ôͻԥɵеһУģûġ
ؼ²֣ɢع磬Դ
Ϊ֮ε̫֮Ӱ޿ƥУˣһ̫֮ӰҲǵħơ
Ϊʲôؼҵڵ֪Ӱص֮󣬲ûнɱǹѪΪǷǳҪܹ̫֮Ӱ
̫֮ӰȻһֵıԴôĸ磬ֻҪͱȻǵĴڣҲ⡣
ղؼ˶Ҷ˵ĻûаȫӰһ֮죬Ҳǲǡǡ෴ͻ˻죬Ҳڵ۵ĳƺţڻ죬ʵԲۣ
ֻգȻδ죬Ǳӡؼþһа취ڴϰһ˿Ӱӣлȡ˲ֵӰսоͰӰ
ؼԼѾӰһп˶ľս֮ʱؼҶˡ
Ϣܷκ֪˶͸¶һ˿Ϊһսʵ̫죬۶ּɵ֪ؼӰô͵˵ؼӵ˿Ʒ۵ʵȻ֮ؼң
ؼҾ͹ʼʩչӰȻû뵽ǣٻ̫֮Ӱ֮ȴؼ⵽û֮֡
֪Ϊʲôٻ̫֮ӰͲٻߵܿƵеһУȻؼڸ˾޴Ĵ֮ڽ̫֮ӰˣȴҲٻ̫֮Ӱˡ
Ǿ뵽һ취Ӱصһ˿ӰӣԼӰսȫнؼңƷڷ˽ٻ̫֮Ӱ᲻о˴
ʵ֤˽̫֮ӰҲǿޱȣǻûе޷Ԧĵزԣؼ˸ɴͽӰսΪнؼ̣ұ֤ؼڱҪһλӰഫ
û뵽һӰΪҶϧΥȥɱҶԭӰҲܳɹģ㲻㣬ҶϾȻӰأײϣֱӱӰظˡ
֪Ϣ֮ؼ֮Բϧٴζþ޴ۣ֮н磬壬ǰ£˳Ѫ
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ӰӰȫڻ֮ͨԴٻ̫֮Ӱ
ͬŨīһ㣬һƬڣšǡ֮ѷ쿪ʼ֡
ѷ֮Уһ˿˿ɫӰͬԶһӷ϶֮ð˳һޱɭȻĳ캮⡣
̫֮Ӱûʵ壬ǧɻǲϵŤ壬ϵĸı״ܹϢҲԽԽŨҡ
ؼǿԱ򶨣ȻΪᣬû̫֮Ӱ׻ؼˣ붼Ҫһս
ǶԸӰӵõĶͬӰҶǾ仰ȻɢڰǺڰܹͬɹ
һ֮϶Ȼ⣬ʰ쵣ɫޣϵĲʺ罫âͶ䵽ϡ
֮Уľһλϵһ㣬òׯϣȻַ
֮£ӵط֮ð̫֮ӰȻܵвԭצŤõ忪ʼعƽ½ص¡
һĻ¶һ˿ЦݣԼеС֣˽̫֮ӰܹԿԼأ
ȻЦݸոճ֣͸оһԭֱʵͻȻʼɫʱ䣬ŭһأ
ŤһѹֵȻؼ˵ˣֺα㵱ؼڣҪһ
⼸΢ɼˣոȥ̫֮Ӱٴð˳ٶԼӿ죬˲Ϣ֮Ѿȫ

췢һŭ𣬸ոհȥٴαֻűǵĻ壡
ֻͬһ䡱һը˿ͬһ㣬˷ȥ
ûѪɽĻ棬ֻһƴСĽɫŶ֮УԶţڹŵǰһ·ٸ֣ռ䶸ȻʼŤһȽɫĿռ֮Ÿ֣ɫٶٴμӿ죬ſռ֮żȥ
Ȼŵĺ棬һӰӽ׷ᣬͬǸһ㣬ɫţɫӰӣȺ˿ռ֮š


1001 ȫʤ
ǡԼԯʮλ鳾ĸִʤ飬ؼҴӪѾһƬ棬ΧǧɽؼˣһΪϻȥԮҲͬһȻԾɼԭأȴԯҵ˸Χˡ
ؼ̣ҲǵĿУѾ֮ˣϢֱؼұҪԽܡ
ʵǰ޷ܣҲı䲻κ顣
һ֮ǧɽΧؼˣ֮ѡɱЩйˣҲԸԯ˵С
ʣµ֮һؼµĽƣϣ˳ԯңԯ֪նҪĵɱǡ
Ϊֹưн½֮õؼڳΪ˹̣ʧʷĳ֮УȻһѣǱҶɱӰĸףس
ǹؼҵʱ򣬾ķͲؼңȥһʱ֮Ȼǲҵ
ԴҲûзϣһس޷뿪н磬ҵǳ飬ƾһˣҲƲʲô
ڴԯңӵȫ֮ɺʦֵܶˣѾ˲֮дϿգȴºǰǺԼȴؼ˽ֺɺ
ϧûеؼˣǵһֻߣ
ССڿԺĸͨķʽͨǵ˴˳Ŀе֪ɺץߵ֮̾뵽˲֮Щǿ󵽱̬ޡ
ǾСС֪ͨ˺ߣǲ֮еһɵľҵʦֵܣɱԯҲϹɺ½ӻԯҡ
һǣн磬¹ǿĴսĻԯ磬ڼûʲô£ԾԵؼң䶯н磬ӶҲٴγΪнǿĴڣ
ȻԯҴȫʤȴûκεϲú˷ܣΪҶʧˣ
ؼҹ֮󣬺Ǻ̳ѰҶҵҶս֮أǴĿģһѷɽȣ֪ǳսļңȻȴҲҶˣ
ûҶ󲿷˶ΪҶӦˣҵطչȥˣԯһɳнѰҶ䣬һҲھĵĵȴš
ʱţת֮µʱȥȻҶȻţԯҵĴ㶼Ĭ
ĪıСԣȻɫƽ˫֮ȴǳǣǺ겻ڴ֮ص߶ţֻ˳򶨣üͷ壬ƺ˼ʲô֮ڿڵ룬ӦнʱһΡ
ͣΣתͷ˼˵Ҷǰռˣ
˳ͷ뵽ΨһĿܣʱĶһλ˺ˣ˴սĺǴ˿ռ䣬н磬Ķֱһλˣƿռɡ
һҲеһ˭Ҳ֪Ҷǰĸռˣнܵޣԯ϶޷ͨĿռ֮ţҲûа취ȥѰȻֻܼš
ȵԯҵ˶뿪֮󣬺ǺȻĪ˳ǾźˣֻҪû£϶ǵģǹʱܾҪ뿪ˣʱǻᾡѰҶһҵн硣
仰Ī˳ͬʱһҪ뿪ô뿪ҲҪ𣿡
ͷǵģֻ࣬Ҫľ磬ܸ֪һΪٻȵܹ·ռ֮ţͿֱǰˡ
еһҲÿıؾ֮·˵ǵҲԼĸĸ϶Ҫ硣
ϢĪ˵Ϊܣڵദͺ֮Ҳ˸飬λȻ࣬ΪҶĹϵĪҲǾܵչˣǱ˴˾һһò˶ãҲҪ뿪ˡ
΢΢һЦˣǻһʲôʱܹ·أڴҶķڶɣҶ϶£ǻǸϽֻԼǿˣǲܱԼ
˳ĪһЦ׺ǻ˼ڵ뿪֮Լ˵İȫ
ȻԯӦǰȫǣǳԼ⼸֮⣬Ǹˡ
˽뻭ԼȴǽϣĴʵ硣
վǧɽߴʣһһʯһֱ֮ͻȻ۾
ͬʱнĳĿռͻȻʼŤζһȽɫĿռ֮򿪣߳һһ°ɫɮ۵ĺС


1002 ͨ
½Ⱥɽ֮һשߣΧľ죬˿ۡ
ǣһ۵ȴѾ֮ãԯϣؼҼнڸλߣ÷ΣΪΪ̨£
̨ϾӴ˴µӲȴŽ½֮һ֪бȻ֮
죬̨µķľʦѵõľ߳վԺ̧֮ͷ죬ţͣӣǧ쳾磬Ҫӿˣ
н֮ϣλոմӿռ֮ĺУȻòΪᣬиԣܿԺһȦ⻷Ƿе˼߾Ȼ۶ɵķ֡
Ȼޱ飬ȴׯϣŭ˫֮տȻ⣬ܣĵӦнˣѾԽĸ磬ҶҶ㵽ںη
˵仰֮е˫֮ⶸȻǣͬ׹أǵ˷кȥʱ֮ǰ̵źегˡΣ
ͨ
֮ͨһΪͨȻʩչͨͨȴѾ֮Σܹ˾ģƷеһˣ
һ֮󣬺еͻȻ¶˿ϲ֮ɫΪڸոճеһ֮УȻһϤӰ
жʱ⣬ӭǸӰķ󲽣һǧ֮֮࣬󣬺ǸӰײһ
ǣ

һһǣͬʱ˷ܵĴгȸԾ
оʥӰǸղŬ·ȻͻȻ֮䣬˿ռ춯ʶ˴ԽռԼæϹ鿴
ԭΪҶˣȻû뵽ľȻǰ
ôˣ
ҵˣ
һһּͬʱڣ˴΢΢һ֮ٴͬĵ˵
ɴ˿ɼڶǼ˼£
һЦ֮󣬰˳벽ֺʮź΢΢ʩҿҵˣ
Ȼ˷ܵĵôн磿ô֪Ǿн硣
нѾѰҵĵĸˣ
ܴԽռˣ
Цŵ˵ͷǼɴĵ˵˵㾿ôģڵʲô
ȰڣȴְڰֵȵȣҽҲгǿ㣬һܸˣ
˴ӿ£һɽ֮󣬺̾ͽ˳Ī˶˳
Ƿ⾪ϲǳݺЦˣĴϲ֮һοˣĴϲҪϲĶࡣ
˶ˣһһк֮ȴûзҶӰȻʶ˲ԾȴҲûżѯʣȽ뿪֮ڷ˵˳
ѩ򸾶ˣúʱԭʮԼƽͻҶ֮̾ٴ뿪ȥѰҶ
Ҷס˼죬ȷûʲô֮Ҳ뿪ص˾¡
λȥͿʼչֱǰųأʱ֪ҶʧٵϢ
ȻҪҵҶô޴ѭȻʱҶȴţҵ˰ֱ˵һ⡣
ҶдֻһȣѷͬѰ˶֮ΣԸ
⣬Ҳֻǻشһ䣺ģھȥ
ʮ֮еһ磬ҪԼȥѰ
ʮ磿
һԪ磬ǽ磬Ž磬磬н磬Ͻ磬׽磬Խ磬Źʮ硣
ҸôǰЩ磿
Կռ֮ǰ
γ֮İѾԼ·Դ򿪿ռ֮ţ⴩Խȴ֪ǰ硣
ǷҶԽԽռ֮ȻȻİݱʦ뿪磬̤ѰҶọ́
µʱ䣬˳ȺȥһԪ磬ǽ磬Ž磬һн磬˺ǣ
ʱ˿ҶڳⷬԻǳȣΪͬʦ½Ƶʮ֮һڲ̻ܿԽĿռ֮š
ֻҪ룬Ȼʦܹ뿪磬ҲнĻͻףΪʦʦܣҶȻҲ֪һЩ֪Ķ
˵Լľ֮ʳеɻ󣺡Ҷأ


1003 
£
˽н֮Ҷľϸĸ˰֮΢һȻҶʦҶдѣôұҪԼȥ
˼ףȻҵ˺ǣǼȻҶڣôҪԽȥѰҶ
ҿȽͻ磡
ܹؼңĪ˳ȻᷴԣֻǺǺһۺȴҡҡͷ㽫ͻȥɣǾнˣҶеûа꣬ǱҪɡ
ʲô飿
һָСŵССڵҶӦҪ֮ѾܹһطȻʧˣǲЩҶʧţҪЩ޵Ϣʱ뻭磬ǵԸ
źĴָ壡
ʱ˵ͻȻһϵʥӼݵܷƼ̨һ
̨£֪ǵȴ˵ǺԯҲеĴ
Ұոн磬̨µ˾ȻѾ֪ͳһ㣬Ҳѿ̨µķʵ֮ǿ
΢һˬĵͷӦã鷳֪ص㣬ھȥ⼸λҲҪһȥ
ԣռ֮ţ̨¡
ϵ£˵ǰͻȻֳһȽɫĿռ֮š
һĻ˶ǰԾ˵֮˲ڸ˵Ȼ̨£ȻȴܸôԶľֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţͨ¾ԯ϶ɣ
ںǵеˣнĵһ֣Ӧþ̨£
̤ռ֮ţ̨µڣǰֵ۵˵ٴ΢΢һ
ܹ䣬ܵ˾ȷʵŲ֮ͬ
Сɳֵ֮£̨£ֻаһ˱ľʦ֮ǰ̨ȴͷϢ
һȥһʱ䣬ֱڶŻҲû˵ͷɶʲôֻǳ˵ͷھǻȥɣ
֪ض֪ʲô飬ҺܿܺҶйأȻ棬ȴסûѯʣͷͬ⡣
ǰȻ֮ڣտ̻·һȽӲӵĿռ֮ţĪ˳ؼҡ
ǳȻҲĪһ𣬶СԺССڸҲŽȥǰȴĽһȥ
ССڵ϶ʱ¶ί֮ɫһ˫ĿĪ磬СǺ޺޵ĵŰƺҪһڽȥ
Ī粻ĵǺģµģǸһȥɣ
ЦҡҡͷĪˣǻ£һͬȥѰҶ
һ˵СԺССҪŰȥҶĪʱҲ֪˵ʲôˣһȻ᲻Сһһ棬ȻҲʮϣܹҶ
˳ȴȰοˣȻʥ˵ҪǣȻԭ㻹ȥɣ
˳ľʦ̸ض֪һЩԼ֪ĶܿСԺССҲǰҶĹؼ
ȻĪֻεͷӦҶǰԼ龧ʯȵķֳݣֱݸСԺССڵССڣСԣǾʱڰߣԹҵҶ֮϶ǻġ
˵֮Īֿ˰˼һͷģһѣһǺߣԻƽ
˰֤Īĳ׷ȻŰһҾ׵лл㣡
֣صĻһĪˣ
ĪĿſ˺ǺȻûпڣȴǧһЦ磬ȥ֮󣬾ͻ磬ʱٺҶһ
ĪĿ˺һۺϸֳһᶨЦݵ֣ס仰ǵˣǿˡ
ҽĿռڶҶңȥǣԼСģˣĪȥ֮еǰ£Ѿʦкǻ߾ȫƽ
лл
ĪףָľԼ֮٣ֻû뵽ܵ
ȥɣ
ǡСԺССڣһ޶վĿĪ˳뿪ֱռ֮𽥹رʧ
û˿ͣͷֳ˹ľƣ̹ӯӯ£ССںС˷֮УȻٴο̻·ִһȿռ֮ţתǺһȥͲٻнˣĲһ뿪𣿡
ҡҡͷǺˣ
ڣ
һͷռ֮š
ۿ˶Ѿ뿪Ǻһ۵ھȥЩ뻭УȻҲ뿪ɣ
ٺһЦԭҲ·ˡ
ǻصһ۵㲻Ҳǣ
ʵ͸·ǸѾԴ򿪿ռ֮ţֻʵǲĪ˳һϣԸȥ
ĵǻ⣬ȻҲҪκιǣʱ뿪ˡ
ֻһȥպܷĺĪ磬Ҷټ棬ǵûаգ磬ѾʥռݣԼͷħ޵Ĵ룬ԻȻ󲨡
ȴƺû뵽Щ⣬Цŵˣ磬ˣ


1004 ׷ս
ԽͬĿռ䣬磬Ҷ˵ֱ죬ȻڣѾǲԼ״Խ˶ٵ硣
ֻ֪Լ׷ŵ֮꣬ڷԼĽ׷֮󣬾ͿʼϵĴһһȵĿռ֮ţҪĲͣĴš
ÿδӿռ֮гһȫµ磬ϧҶûʱȥֻͣһͷΣأҲҪ֮
֮꣬ȻֻһǣȻǿĿ£ֻҪռһ壬ô˵һ磬Ҫһͬȸ½Сط׾ٵ顣
ˣΪ󻼣ҶԲܷŹ
һʷϹƴδֹ׷ս׷֮꣡
ҶҪٸ׷ңһԼҶҶú
ҶǲΪͷ˽֮ͨѾˣʵɣѾҵ˷ò˶ãʮ֮⣬ͽ˵Ӱ
Ҷ֪֪Ѿ֪ͨؼңɳɱ㣬ǿˣĻǣɣ
һ׷ʮʱ䣬̵У֮겻ϵĶҶָвȻҶȴΪ
ΪȻ֮궼ͣٺԼ֣ô˵û壬ƾһǣҲԼĶ֡
ҶҲ˵вǹھͷ˽֮ͨ顣
ΪǰҶҲ˵ŵ˵Ϣ֪ǲָľܹƳʮ֮óմ˵ȷǿͬǰһ˽硣
ɲʲôϢ
ϧҶҲϾȥ˼ЩˣΪʮķ׷ϣǿҲҪһգȻһֱ龧ʯǱˮнá
֮ʵԼٶȿһ㲻벻ͨҲ֪״ЩôȻûһ
꣡
һȿռ֮Ŵ򿪣֮ԥԾգҶһҧٴθ޾ĺڰ֮У֮궸ȻͣסѾʮӰΪȻû˿ѵ˵Ҷڷ׷ɱԼˣ
ͷŨûĺڰ֮⣬һ˴˿ҶֻҪҵһǿԳܵסԼ壬ôԼͿԷ׷ɱˣ
Ȼʱ֮궸ȻһΧĽΪ֮һϨһɫӰͬȰĳΧѾһ
̫֮Ӱ
˶ȻˣҶΪɱԼȻ֮ʩչӰսһһֻ̫֮Ӱ
ۣ
һڽɫѪӽе֮£ÿһѪǹ̵ңɲ֮䣬ԭҪϨĽ⾹ȻٴαҲٴշɶɣҪյȥ
֮ʧ֮гһźɫӰӣ䶯һıճΪҶ
ʱҶղŲֻߵҲòȥɫҰףҡҡ׹˫ĿĶһԽԽСֱȫʧĽ⣬ı˫ۣ޾յȥ
ΪҪľҶһһΣ֮ʩչӰ
̫֮Ӱ˺ڰȻҲ֮أҲ֮ӰĴڡ
¾ӰأҲûӣΣķ֮ʩչӰ
ò˵Ҷ¶ˣȷ̫֮Ӱǿޱȣ׼֮ꡣ
ֻϧΪҶ޷ٻӶ֮꼰ʱ֣Ϊ˱Ȼ˻ѪΣٴߡ
һȻûܹɹɱ֮꣬˻ѪԪˣʮʵٱȥһ룬Ҫ׻ָҪ൱ʱ䡣
ңҪǣ֮ߵִ̫٣ûз֣Ľ֮ϣһ˿ͬϰСӰƬ
ҶΪľ£˻ԣҿʼϵ޾ٵ׹ȥ
֮УԾ͵ɱΪûʵ壬ûдأûзһԣ޷ôͻᴦһԶ׹״̬׹
ۿҶӰԽԽСԽԽСҪʧʱ֮ͻȻһѪ⡣
Ѫ죬һСƬڰһ˿˿·ȻѪ֣֮ţҶ£ͻȻһȺɫСţȻҶôе˳ȥ뿪ա
ۡһ죬ҶˤһƬʵ֮ϣֻȻԲѣĻУһֻѪɫ
ǣ
ѪȻѣһѷ죡
ͬʱƬ統еĳطһλͻȻվԼֹ࣬ĵôˣѪ֮µѪ֮ſˣѵƷɻǶѪˣ⣬ܣ


1005 ͷ
Ҷڵϣͬһ㣬һû˿ϢΪֲǣԼòȻۿɼٶȱ仯š
һò˻
ԭ˲Ľ֮ɫƮݵĺڷǽĿݲһ㣬ӨҲǳ˿ӿݵ壬ͬɹػũһ
ֻǼ򵥵Ĺ⣬ԲΣҪΪΣķ֮вϵĴһεգҶȻʩչӰֱս궼⵽ĥ
֮壬ɾɣҶڣǾ̫ңԶԶ͸֧ڶ̶ʱʹһλӢĹӸ磬һªׯں
ڿ¾ĪվǰҲһܹϳ
Լı仯Ҷȫ֪Ȼ긮֮еҩȪڲϵͷųǿİΪţǾģɲҩȪܹ˵ġ
Ҷɵĵطһ˻ĲݵĻĹȣѾӽ죬˼޶Ըˣž֮죬ȴǴһ󻶿ͯүүҵڶ𣿡
һϵȴ͸¶ӦţܣֻҪСڣ϶ҵڶࡣ
̫ˣүүֻҪҵڶ࣬Ǿ϶ǮԸүүϼþˡ
С仰ֱȺʮ̳Ҫ
ӲݴĻĹ֮У߽Ӱһһ٣أ·֮Ȼ˲ȴΪĸɾϴĶ΢΢ףѿҾԣ
ߵϲƣ΢΢ͣ߰ʮ꣬ٵǴݰףͷԣ֮ܽꡣ
СԻãһ·ıģͻȻڲݴ֮еҶæеүүһλ壬ˡ
̴˹ҶָŵҶıǶˣƬ̺СүүλүүıϣǴȥ
Сʮ˹үү˺ĽҶһСǵͨ죬ȴҧأһԣֱڽҶүүıϡ
үү壬ҶС첻ڶˣȽλȥòã
Сµĵͷã
ԣߣǻؼң
߱²ʡҶǵ߳˻Ĺȡ
Ҷ˰²ѹΪ̫࣬ȻѣԾɾԴġ
̧ͷֻתΣǿļ˼۾ܡ
һ伫ΪªСݣڳԼŵŴ֮⣬ֻһӺһʡ
Ҷͷѣ̧ҪȥԼԴȻԼƣȴʱסɲǼһ롣
Լô⸱ģԼôˣ
Ҷסʱŵķű˴ƿ֨ѽһ죬һСı˽Ҷһ㶣̶ϲĽе壬˰
壿
Ҷӳڣ˳ƺΪǰֵܣ⻹ǵһα˳Ϊ壬еЦãԼնʮͷͣӵоȻ˴塣
ҶȻȥƽЩǼһ˿ЦݵСֵܣʲô֣
ҽС
ȻһԴ⴫СĻǸ˽СԴСûˣȥɣ
Ŷ
СȻͷƺǷʲôһһ̵˳ȥ
ҶȻͷеΣȴѵģеĲ߸ղŵĿԣǹֹС˵֡
ʶһɨߣҶüͷ΢΢߸һͨũûһ˿һڡ
һũΪʲôҪСأ
߶ҶЦЦֵܣʲôְ
ҽҶ
ҶԼ֣ϵЦݾȻ˲̣¶̲סһ㣬㡭
˰죬ҲûĻ˵ҶȴǴΪ⣬ΪԼֻ˾ȣѵ˵֪Լ
ҲʶԼʧ̬æڵֵܣҶе㱳˵ʲôôд
ҽҶҶҶĶ
Ŷߵ¶ظ飬ЦҲ»ͷҶҶ֣֣㺰ҹزˡ
ڵżСʯӵСүүĻĵԭλǵ֣ͬͬǺҹҹҶҶʲôʱүүĸ߱ˣҽҹأ
ȻСҶĶ䣬ⷬﲻɻ
Ϊʲôزҹ˵֣ҹգѵʲô岻ɣ
ЩɻҶȻ˵װûһʵز
һ⣬ȴùز¶˸֮ɫ̾˿ﶼνˣѪҲŲ˶ˣ


1006 ѪΣ
Ѫ磡
ҶеԴ׵˹ԼĸײѪѪ
ڣԼȻѪ磬˵ԼԼĸˣ
ʱùزֽѪݸҶֵܣ֮ʱԱߵģӦĶɣ
ҶľګֽӹѪһ۾ͿֵǵƣһѾ׹ӦԼ׷֮Ĺ̵УѪ總գѪ֮п϶ĳصԼԵʱ˿ռ֮ţԼѪ硣
ƾõ֤
ҶĲ²ûдѪѪѪ֮ĸ׶뿪֮ʱΪպܹԼһĻᣬѪѪ֮ţҶл׹ʱ򣬵ȷǡ䵽Ѫ總ա
ѪӦϤѪϢԶѪ֮ţҶѪ硣
ҶѪعزҰɣһ˶೤ʱ䣿
£ֵܣ˰ôܵ˹еģҿӦòѪ˰ɣ
ҶĥԼҪʲôԼŪȥͬʱһ׹زĻϾزֻǸͨˣ˵Խˣе鶼֪֮٣Ȼزһ仰ȴǽһ
زȻ֪Ѫ֮⣬鰡
ʵ̫ˣнУĳЩ鳾ĸֶĴڣزͨ˾֪
ѵ˵Լˣλزʵһλʿˣ
ʵڲҶԼڵʶǺĵģֻСʵز֪Ѫ֮⣿
زˬʵһͷѪ羭ǰʲô֪ģ
Ҷ΢΢һ󣬺ȻеˣѪ粢ʮ֮һɿռ֮ţԽ磬ͻᾭ˹
زƺҲҶʲô֪ʼԼ֪йصһЩ顣
֮ҶڻȻ򣬳ȥʦƵʮ֮⣬磬ֻҪˮƽﵽһ߶ȣ˴֮ͿⲢ鳾ֵȨκˣͨˣֻҪ֧Խռķã׵ľܴﵽ硣
ȻزͨҲ֪Щ飬Ϊʵżˡ
ܿռѪϡƽҶû˵ԼʵΪؼ˶вϣһ˽磬ǾԻѰԼԼѾ˵Լ֣͸¶Լʵ
Ҷ˸֮󣬼ʵز;ѪĴպգǰһһ¼ʶΪʲôղ˵ѪŲ˶ˣ
زεҡҡͷҲֵ֪ӦܿҲһɽҰֻǽǵʱ˵ʲôѪĵĳѷ죬ѣоܹѷֲȻĻѪò˶þͻ߽᳹⣬ҷ𣬵ʱѪ˶֮
ֵܣҪ뿪Ļ͸Ͻ뿪ɣѪҵĹǺ
Ѫģ
ҶȻʲôѪģǿӦþͬһӵĵػһػι̣Ӳػȳѷ죬ȻҲ̮֮
ѵѪûоȥֲѷѪı˵ĻΪʲô취뿪أ
زٴص̾˿˵󷨵ķˮǴߣǴ󲿷߶޷֧˵Щͨˣѷ죬ȻиҪȥֲѷ죬Ѫ壬壬壬嶼ɳǱģֻϧЩ˶һȥѷڲԽԽ󡣡
Ѫ壡
ҶԼ˵ζԶ֣ͬʱڹزЩͨ˵ΣҲͬ顣
ҶĵϢȻͿʼĥҪβܰزͨˡ
ԼѪز죬ΨһҵֻԼĸףز˼ѪȷѪĴǿϳֵĻȻܹزЩͨѪ硣
ȻҶѪ岢ûκεĺøУһ˿񣬵Ѫ綼Ҫ߽£ȥѪ壬ҵԼĸס
ʱزվֵܣոѣĻϢ죬ȻܻȥͻȥɣҲСˣӦҲź˰ɣΪ㵣İ
ҶȻʧЦԼôҲ͡СϹϵɣУӻ֪أ
ȻҶЦȴͻȻסˣΪٴοԼ˫֣뵽ˣȻԼֱ⸱ģôǲԼòҲѾ˾޴ı仯ȻΪʲôز˵ԼСˣǸҹĺӸֱӳƺԼΪ塱


1007 ͯ޼
ҶڿԼڵòȻʲô󣬵Ҳ˺ðʱŽʵ
ԭҲ뵽ǾĹ磬òڶͣ㾫ܹȫֲòҪָɹȥӣҲҪҩΪ֮Ѷȼ
⵹ǷԼԼڵ˵ҶҲ϶ŵġ
زС뿪ˣ˵ȥһĲҩҶһȥģûȫԭܽо˶ֻܼڣ塣
ӰȻǿٻ̫֮Ӱˣʩչ֮Լ˺Ҳʮ־޴ѹ־Ӱضʹá
ʵҶȫˣȫΪ֮ʩչӰɵģӰ֮ԲʹãԭǺؼһٻ̫֮Ӱ޷ƣӶɸ˺
Ҷò˱仯ûбе̫֮ӰɵѾǲеˡ
ʱ֣زˣȻû˵͸¶źȴԶ׼ǿֶء
ҶҲûѯʣ˵ƶҲˣһжҪȵԼ׻ָ֮
ز˼СˣȻ򵥵ҰˣʯӵĲףҶȴԵü㣬ѾܾûгԹʳˡ
ҹ˾زѾϢˣҶȴ߳ӣվݶ֮ϣزҪΨһһŴøҶҪڵϼҶҲϴӦû֮ǰѾڱ䳱ʪĵ˯˰ˡ
Ҷݶ̧ͷգǵ㣬Բ¸߹ңҹɫȫһΨһͬľǿееңռеŤӦþΪѪĳֵѷ죬ĹɿʼңҲ߽ǰס
Ҷ£ȴǸֳһһϤӰүүףˣֵܣĪ磬˳ǵȵȵȵȣ
ҶΪ˳ɱ֮꣬òǷֿһ˴Խ米ȻŨŨ˼
Ѫ磬ĸףܹĸףҽ磬øĸžۣôָҲֵõġ
ҶҲ뵽Լδ⹫ǸΪҶСĸ׼޸׵ͷԼʮһӣѾӵ鳾ʵ֪̬ܲȷı䣿
ҶҲ뵽ߵؼˣȻûܽɱǰǿڽɫѪӦ˼صˣҪǣԼĻһ̫֮ӰӶԼһܹҵ
ţҶĿ֮˸â˯ĹززӦýҹأȻֻͨˣǡҹգƺǾһЩڲͬݡ
ޱ߼ʵ˼֮УˣزҲкҶ㣬ҶҲûƴǡ
ϡͬˮһ࣬һƵ̲ˣҶȻԵĽζԱߵСǲͣ͵͵۾
Ҷһ֮࣬ЦеĿСҳĺܺÿ𣿡
СҡͷǺȻʶԼô̬»˺Ҷ𣬼æĿڵ壬㳤Ĳѿ
ͯ޼ɣ
Ҷ͹ز̲סЦ
緹زҪȥѰڶ࣬ҶȻûȫԭѾһʵȫԸһȥģתһ룬ȴûҪͬУǽҪ¿
زͷһѪҲףȻˣҪúÿȻֻǸСӣΪصƳǣҲֻ֣ΪѪ飬ºܶ˳û٣Ƚңֵܣȥһ㡣
ģ֪ˣ
Ҷ֮ûŹزһȥڶ࣬Ϊ˽һѪöҩģҩģ龧ʯóһǼ۸񲻷ƣֻҪ˽ѪЩļֵ֮Ȼиõİ취ز
زļ򽼣ʮأҶ˵˲伴
ӵȷ󣬵ȴ٣ҸֹŹִĶУ˵ĻҲҶ޷ġ
ЩӦöԸģʵŻ˽һˮƽżİʦʦ˼ҷʮ磬ȴҲʮɥʧôõĻᡣ
н绹õ㣬鳾ʮ֮࣬ȻͲԶˣʵʮ֮о㲻ǵҲȥˡ
һеĺܴһԭ򣬾Ϊգ
յ磬߶ֻĶ̽ܽӴ磬߽̲ܺԷ⣬ȻԽԽ
ǣҪڵʮǰͱҪƷ졣
ȻҶҪȥıָ֣һضԶļ֮·


1008 
֮ȻǴΪ￿صأԵûйزеҡ
Ѫ硢н綼ͬȻҲиֲΪǿȴ壬ҶڹزĿе֪ĸֱѪ壬壬塣
˵ѪͻͲˣֻΪĳλ֮ӵȫͬ˵֮壬ǾѪһλʵĺӵнޱȵĻǿ֮ѪҲˣԶ˳
ôӼȻصأ壬ĻȻǲˡ
ͬԭСȫ֮Ÿָߺͨ˿ĸֵ̣ҲҶĿĵ֮һ
ڵòªǹزҵһľ·ټȫϢѪͲȱ֮Ӱ鳾űҲκ쳣ڽϣûκ˵ע⣬󲿷ߣһЩŮʿǿԶԶ㿪
һУҶǳ⣡
ϸָĵ֮תһȦ֮ҶѪҲѾ˸µ˽⡣
ϸнһҪʲôͬҪֻǼ۸ҪĶ࣬ȻҲӦúѪ缴йأ˭һʡ
پѪ֮䣬ͨĲͨҪĽ龧ʯƷ龧ʯΪÿƷ龧ʯ֮Ĳʮ
һƷ龧ʯʮƷ龧ʯһƷ龧ʯʮƷ龧ʯԴơ
Ҷϼһ£ԼϴŵЩѪǼֵƣǰĴ󷨼۸񰺹ԼҲܹŹز뿪
˵ףҶҲͲˣɴһҾ¥ȻǷʱǾ¥֮ȴֻȼˡ
Ҷ֣˼۾ˣס
Ҷں龧ʯؼѹ龧ʯҪǻƷĻɽһߡ
Ҷ뵽زˣҲ˼ݳ޻ӻˣ˵СһƷ龧ʯʮ̳һЩʳ֮ת뿪
زûʲôãǸһȾƣʵҲ㲻ϺþƣƽʱĻҲһƷ龧ʯһ̳Ƿʮ
Ҷڽй䣬ΪҪһѪ̧ͷǰһ¥ļ۸ԱȾ¥ˣȻ٣Ųȥһ農һǣſ䣬˵̸
ܹ龧ʯ𣿡
ûأģҴӹ𻨽ʱֻҪʮƷڵãҪһٿˣǿһƷ龧ʯ
˭֪ѪҪˣҲһ²ˣҪǻزȥĻҪˣ
˵̸϶ΧѪıԼ龧ʯܵʱȴһЦŵҲһȻ˵Ҫˣôһ磬˵ûûҲҪ꣬߼ʮʱ䣬˵õϢٺ٣Ѫܲһ
ʲôϢô˰˵
˺һڲ裬ڵĵҪ֪ĻһһƷ
ǳûٰ
û취ҴϢҲ˲龧ʯ˵ҲҪؼңĻ͸һ飬ĻҲǿ
һƷ龧ʯһϢǰˣ˵ЩˣҶĺĶɲҪǮֻҪ˿ͣԴķʽ
ڣʵڰ಻סͳһƷ龧ʯЦе֮󣬹ȻԴķʽ䶯˼촽
˵ĴѾɳϼǰҹ壬ǳֲѷ죡
һ˶̲ס˾֮ʲô
ļٵģ
꣡˻æʾС㣬ǶǻǮģѵҪñ֪𣿡
æסͣ˴֮俪ʼԴ̸
ҹ岻ѾôĴ廹밵ҹأ
ǰҹȻͻȻ𣬲̳Ϊǿһ壬£Ƕϻˣ
Ҳһҹʮʱ䣬֮ģҲǸû䣬Ǳչأ
ʱ䲢ܴʲôѪ廹Ѫʱ͵壬ڶ֪ˣȻ˵ѪΪʲôҪȥҰҹֲѷأ
˵̸Ҷеûʲô𾪣ֻе棬ҹʲô塣
ȻͻȻ۾һҹ֮иҹ֣ǻ᲻͹زʲôϵأ
ȻĻزΪʲôҪСģС˵
ֻزǰҹ˵ĻһӴѾ䣬ֻҪʱ䣬ȫûеԼ䵽ľذɣ
Ҷ˼ʱһͯĿ޽ͻȻ𣺡Һүүڶ࣬ǲôߣ


1009 մ
¥еͬʱһɲ֪ﴵ΢磬Լ߷ۼ֮гһ˿˿Ť
ʲôķ簡
ףղź˸˰ɣôûˣ
ۻ˰ɣֿɿߣ
һרչҩĵҩ֮ǰѾˡ
Ⱥ֮УزѪ§СڵϣСĻקһҩ¨ӣװżɫβݡ
ҩ¨һ߾һʮ˵УЦĿССһɲҪ˵˭ڶˣǻǮģһһƷ龧ʯ⼸Ʋˣ֣
΢΢СŰͣʲôҩ¨ʱͱߣҲһ򣬴ӹزĻе˳ȥ
СҲǾǿȻһѱס˵Сȣп޽ţһڶ඼ֵһƷ龧ʯ
С˵Ļǰļ۸񣬸ղҶڽתȦʱ򣬶ڶ࣬һֵһƷ龧ʯҩ¨֮йڶ࣬ҲƷ龧ʯֻһһƷ龧ʯΪҲȷʵûʲôˡ
Χ֮УҲвΪزǸеƽȴûһ˸վ˵ΪǻصƳеˣȻǻ壬ȴͻһЩϵǼ屾Ҳǿĸ֣ڻԵ
˵վͲˣһȤĿſֵСһȴͷ֮ɫˣǻ£˷ʱˣ
ðɣСסСȵһЦСһԼԹˣ
˵̧֮űСȥ
һȻûȫСͨ˵壬еĻⱲҲǷˡ
ﬣ
꣡
һײһĹͷȻסԼȣзͬɱҺͬʱȥ
һţûСߵһ֮ϣ޴ķ˳ĽŴܽ壬ֱӽȹȫ顣
СѾڵϣǱ˱˻УȻҶ
Ҷڲ¥֮СĿ޽ʶԾæѭ˹ÿҪС
ǾǰһĻȻҶڵʵֻǻָһ룬ǿޱȣûжκ׵Ľ˸˳ȥ
Χ˶ʱȻղвҲҶ˭Ҳûн£ΪֻһɽҰȻû뵽һ۵ˣȴҶƳе˶֡
˱شͬ鶼¶֮ɫĶҶʲôˣȻҴǻˣ
ʵǵȻĻˣҶҲ֪ǵ˭һЦѵСǻ֮Ļʲô壬Ҷմ󣡡
㡭
˶ʱǻ֪ԼҶĶֻ֣ܶݻȻԼͬǱߡ
Ҷע뿪֮ɭĿһɨΧΧ۵Ⱥֿˣ𣿡
ЩиֿԳΪȴѡ񵱿ͣΪҶΪӵģȻҲʲôɫ
ȻҶ˿̬ǵúܶ˲һԼķֻɢ
ʱ򣬱ҶڻСڵҶ壬лл㣡
ҶϺɢֲȥСϵûʲô
СŵϣС̶µȥززվȻмҶȴһ֮ȥĵǡ
ҶȻ֪ǵıЩ˻鷳΢΢һЦزȥ㽫ЩڶˣԵһ¡
ϵҩ¨ҶԱߵҩ꣬ȻĿ˸ղžҩƹȴ֣ζڶࡣ
ҶкһҩǣҲټ֣ת߳ҩ꣬һֲŹزһֱСȥ
ոջصزңزżĵֵܣϽ뿪ղЩ˿ƳеˣͻһЩϵǿǿ϶鷳ġ
Ҷĵز뿪ҲûطȥһҲСģܵǵΧ֮ڣҪΣգ
ȻҶοزĻزȴˣΪҶէѪ磬ز죬Լ֮⣬һ˶ʶ鲼Ѫ磬ûеطɶ㡣
뵽زɥĵңҪȥʲôڶֵ࣬ܣûطȥҲܴڸҸط֮ٻ
ҶǸûһزϣȻһ֣ϳʮ̳һʳЦеĳССԷ


1010 Ը仯
СȻ类ˣֻǸӣҲ֪ûгԹöˣ񿴵ɢζʳͽһ׵˾⣬Ҳû̳嵽ǰóŹز
زεҡҡͷ̾һֵܣĺף극Ǵ뿪
ҶȻ΢ЦүүͬСʱһ˷ܵĽӡ
˾ûзκһĳŷʵҶʶȴѾԲǧ׶θǡ
ڰʱ֮ҶվСͷСԣȥתת
Сͷزȴǳ˾ĿҶҶЦЦ̤˳ȥ뿪ǰӳոڿУС
ѣ˽٣ҲܵκεӰ죬֪ʲô
Сݵİ֮⣬վˣλˣˡ
Ҷ֣˲Լͬһָܵȸˣ
˶һۺҶĽǰ֮ͷųһǿѹҶ˹ȥȻ̽Ҷǳ
Ȼ˳ǸûзҶ۹һɨ˺ҡҡͷ̾˿һΪأӣҲ˰
󵨣Ϊ˶ʱ⣬ҶȻ壬ҪΪһʽ׽ûȥ
ƾǣ»
ҶĻո£֮ѾһֻɫƣȻĸȥ
ĸ˵ɫˣѹû뵽ҶֻһˣǾȻȳ֣һģ
ƺĸ˵϶Ȼһɽɫ壬ϸӭƣеίʵ̫ϸ߶㲻ϣֻ
壬Ȼǻ壬ΪƳˣҲҵõһЩĹϧǣΪѪޣɹȥҲ޷۳ɽ
ĸ˵ȷ̫СҶˣҶֻһʵҲ൱鳾ܹģ
ɽȻ£ɫͬһ㣬˲䱻ѹ顣
¡
һ죬ƺݺ£ӲĽҳһ˶ޱȵ״ӣĸˣǱĳһࡣ
ҶĵĴӡӦúͰĽŭƲ˰ɣ
֮䣬ɱˣƵȫɵ˿ʶԼǵһôǿĵˣ˫ȲΡΡҪתߣǻȴûһ˿
ҶݻɽĿͷԼȻԷƣôնݳȻŹˡ
㣬ɱһˣʱһˣȻİϧ˳æʣǸ˵꣬Ҫ˽ʵ
İϧｫеļһһ˵˳ҶЦŵԭǻ壬ֻƳǳµ˰ǸɴҾͺףһԲɣ
İϧվһԾţȻû˵ȴǷһ˿ɣΪԼӡУҶɱ֮ˡ
ǵúԼոմѪгʱҶں˱ҩΪ˱ѪܣԼȫɱȻҶȴûô
ڣҶȻԥĽҪ˵һͳͳɱ˲ˡ飬ҶԸˣ
ЩİϧΪ£ܸҶ˵ҶҲûע⵽ԼԸĵķű仯
Ҷһѻеʬͳͳոɾ֮ת߻Сݣ
زѯʵĿ⿴ҶҶֻЦŵ˵ͷȻ㿪ʼŪС֪˵ģΪһڡ
ȵС˯֮󣬹زҶ˳һеʵֵܣղȥʲô
ûʲôزͷİɣƳǵ˲鷳ģǼҴƴ󣬹Ϊ壬Сһʶأ
ܹزҶĻһʱ֮ȴҲҲĻҶƻӡ
ҹˣҶվСݵݶ֮ϣĿ磬ڹزСѾ˯죬΢΢¶һ˿Цֱ񷣬Ƴǵķȥ
һɲǣ¹⽫ҶӰļ
ƳǣȻǻĴӪΪصأҲǽ䱸ɭϣиƣΪѴ鳾һλ˳ǡ
ҹɫƳǣҼҵƻѾϨ𣬳һƬڣվڿоӸ¿ȥֻһϷԼֳĽɫơ
ӦþƳǵصˣȻ̻·Ľƣӣڴ˵عȻӣ壬ߣҵҪǾжôǿ󣡡
һɫӰӣͬĹӰһ㣬Ȼֺ繬Ľ֮ǰҹ֮Уһ˿ƮڵһƬڣ


1011 
ƳǸ֮⣬ʮеıվڴ֮ǰͬǹһͦñֱĿƣɨܡ
ΪǾְģʮһһʵҲǲܿϧǿһ˿ӰƮĴǰӹʱһ˿ûзѾȫԵڵأ
ڵҶͬӰһһīһĺӰվڴǰʮʬ壬ЦӰսɱսˣ
ϢɱΣȷǴɱ֮
ȻΪ˵ز½ƣǷֻǿ֮ˣҶҡڵĴӴŽ֮ˣƸû˿á
źӰǰУƳǸ֮ܲڰȫϢıնɱҶͨ˸ΪԺ֮ǰͣ
۾ʶƬ֮۾üͷ΢ȥסŵ鳾֮⣬滹һ֣ҫۣȻܹסҵʶĪǾ֮ˣ
ҡҡͷҶüͷչǲǻ壬Ҫ
˵֮Ҷ߽Ժ䡣
ƳѾ붨ͻȻ֮Ҳ޷ɴվ˳ȥվԺ֮С
һƳһЩҡҡͷԳĵΪ֮£޷ģҲ֪׼ô죬ѵľҪѪ粻Ҫ𣿡
Ѿòˣ
һͻȻƳһ˫Ŀ磬ܣʲôˣ
ڰ֮УһӰǰ
òªͬһĺӣƳĿ˭ȻôƳǸ
ҶһЦ϶ʶңҽҶģ
ȻƳղȷʵͻȻֵҶһ£Ͼ鳾֣˿Ѿȫƽĵƾ㣿
ƾң
㾡ԣ
ƳͻȻ֣磬ƽӲӣͬƽһ㣬һɰ֮Ҷϯȥ
ۣ
һ΢ֱҶϣͿҶӰͬһ㣬ķѵɢ˿
ͬʱƳȴͻȻҶ
ƳʧɫȻ׼ַǵת֮ȴͻȻԼ徹Ȼ޷ˣ˫վ֮ӰӺҶӰѾصһ
һĻ뵽ղűԼɢҶƳ˫۵ͫ׶Ȼʧɫǡ
Ļû˵꣬һӰѾϢĴ̽СȻȻչӰ룬ĵﳾǧٿס
ʵҶеźΪƳĻ˵꣬ϧѾܵˣΪȻһ⣬֮ˡ
ԼѮۣͷڣվﲻŭһɫ壬ͬһΧǻ֮Ľ
˶ҶƬ֮ڵ˻صأ㾹ȻҴɱ䣬Ȼһϣﲻˡɱ
һɱֳڣ֮ѾָȻָ絶Ҷ¡
Ȼ֮Ѿ֣Ƹ˾ȻѾɱȻǰòªĺӡ
ΪľǣƳȻҲѾ
ȻƳʵûǿҲ֮࣬СҶȫ֣ϣܹһ
ָӳŤתͬһɽ֮Ժ֮еļɽľۡ
ʣ˾ӣԻ֮޽Ϊܹǻ
ΪԽߣԽ࣬Խ󣬾˵ʼ棬һһ磬ǿ֮
λ֮ȻԶԶûʼǿ󣬵ϾǻѪҲ޵洫ʵȻҲǲ
ҶҪһ½жǿҲͬ˫ָӭ˸µ
ݡ޷ֵ˲ͱ˺ѿǰ壬Ҷɫ䣬ͻȻһ̤Լٴӭ
䣡
Ϯ壬ײȻҶ΢΢һΣָƽϡ
ͨʶذ˴Ѩλ֮ҶѾǿ糾Ѱ͹޷˺
ʵδָֻԼǿ壬ԽսķʽԸˡ
֮˿Ҷ˵ľӲԼһɫ䣬ָţβֱײǷֳ
ʬ


1012 ޼۹屦
£죬ֱӽԺ촷ۣ޴ѹ֮õ涼΢΢ȥ
ȻҶȴûпһ㣬Ȼأ̤С
𣡡
һͬʱһ˦βͣβƿնžžž켸ͬʱҶ֫ͲѾֱβεĲ
һͬʱƶȥβĽƺֶбϵĿܣ
ʬʬǿ̫̫֮࣬ӲĽ˺ݣ
Ҷͣо֫Ͳ֮ϴҲΪ𾪣ǰĻ֮˾Ӧò鳾һ䣬Ȼȴʩչ֮Զͬ׸֣ɴ˿ܹΪѪ壬ȷʵбµġ
ת˲֮䣬ҶѾˡͣɫжǿû֪֮ʩչ֮ȴҲ޷ܣһˣ鳾ĸ֣¶Ҫĸʬˡ
зһȣҶ͸֫ǿľһֵ̱쾡£֮֫ϣӿ֣ȻĽһĸ˻
һ֮֮
һĻû֮Ǵʧɫ鳾űĸҲӵǿô
֮󣬻֮ȻһֱҶǰɫָɫСָ⻷ƣҶüĵȥ
סҶ޷֮ʱٳֽУ
κ˿Ӧöһʧģ֮˸ǼᶨҶ
Ȼɫָ㵽ҶüĵʱҶͻȻһЦ΢΢ſ֮УһѪⱬ
ۡһⱩǣѪ䣬ѪֱӶ˻֮˵üģ͸ڿһȦ֮ҶȻ죬һɾ޴Ѫٴ˻
֮˫ԲĿ¶𾪣Ȼ޷ţԼռƣҼͿҪɱҶʱԼôᷴͱҶɱˣ
ң⾿ʲôΪʲôܹƵԼ
Ѫ»صҶĿУһޱȵĶ̽Ѫ
ܽƾˣӲĹɾĸʯƶɵѪأ
ҶԴӽһѪɹ֮󣬾ͷڿУûлʩչȻû뵽ó䲻֮£ɹɱ˻֮ˡ
ͬͬܣ뷢Ȼͬʱը˿⣬ʧҹɫ֮С
Ҷ֮ϵĶѹһգȻٴٻİϧԼڶѪˣİϧҪȡеļ֮⣬ȻҪȥƳǸúõķ׳죬һõĶܷŹ
ǧѪɢİϧҲʼ̽˵꣬ȻͻȻһİϧﾪһˣ˫֮Ѫ
ҶһΪ֮˲û͸ַ˹æһӣİϧͳʮ׿⡣
û£ֻ˵֮вĳֽƣһҪ̽꣬̾ͻ֮ᷢž˿̽ͬʱꡣ
Ҷͷ˼İˣ
ûʲôҿҶÿ죬ȻҵҲҪˣֻ۾ܵһС˶ѡ
ˣȥɣ
ȵȣ
Ҷİϧʲô𣿡
İϧͷһ֣ǰȻһ򣺡ǵһ͸ġ
Ҷ֮ɫ͸ң
ǵнʱЩԭнѪˣԼҪȻǾȻЩ͸ԼƺֻϢһ˶˸ԵϢֻΪʲôҪ͸Լ
ǶĴΪͽĹսԼδѪ֮ǰ֪һЩţĳЩر֮أĳЩصλõȵȶ֮Уϣܹﵽ
ҶסˣȻЩ˵ʵǳǴڵ¿ɶ̫Զˣʷĳ֮У֪ٵĶٵܶûĹսѾʧ
ЩȴܹЩؼգ޼֮
ңѪ˱鲼磬ЩϵĹսЩţҪЩر֮أأһȥԻ˵ĺ䶯
ҲȱŸˣǵĹսҲһܹۣЩر֮أأôʱ䣬Ҳֻ֪ܾһ⡣
⵹ʵҶյĹսѾǼΪ߼Ҳ̫Ҫر֮ؽصȵȣʱʮ֮ãҲͱ˸ߣ˸ƽˡ
ȻҶȴǴһӣȫ֣µĶİϧһллеһˣ


1013 ӿ
ƳǸϵˣ֮ͬڣһҹ֮䱻նɱһ⣡
Ϣڶʹ˳ȥʱ֮ѾѪ磬һȻ󲨣
Ϊ֮һݺǧţʼʴ޵УȻʼţǻʵԾǿޱȣҲ˸սĵλϡ
ǣھȻ˻صأɱˣ֪¶Ѫ𶯣
ͷβ飬Ƿ׷ֲ²⣬е˵һΪе˵Ϊ֮Ҳе˵ǰҹֲһ̸ˣҹΪŭɳû忪ҹĿѪ塢壡
ûֲ֪²ȷģÿﶼۿҪѪ磬֮ǰҪһȷѪꡣ
ȻҲҪ뿪ѪжǸشʼ˱Ҫô龧ʯҪôֱӹռռڡ
Ϊռ󷨶УǾԲķǾȻͬʱѪɱƳǵ˲壬ΪѪһ£Ҳ̸ܿӦþͻи
ڴڼ䣬˸ԴµĻ彫֮ѹ
һ̾Чʱ˵ƽ»ָѪ
ЩֻʱģҲǱ󣬰֮УȻв˾ϲ⣬ƻŸָı
֮ѪȻƽ޲ʵȴǰӿҲ⡣
ƸǱĴ֮⣬һʱ䣬Ѫ绹һ¡
ڵѪ׷Ҫ뿪Ѫǰ磬Ȼȴ½˴Ѫ磬Щ˸еǿ߸֡
еǶǰеǽɣѪ֮ҲԷɢǰѪأʶ̲֮סǴ⣬ЩһؿƿǵӣƺѰʲô
ѪѪâɽռذɽΡ࣬ɽʮɽ壬ͬʮֱ񷣬ɽ֮ȴǿտҲûסһ
ô룬ǾʹشˣѪâɽԲǧ֮ڣûκ˸Դ룬ΪѪϵһ壬Ѫ֮ء
˵ѪǸѪһ֣ͬڵʷ֮Ѿ޷֤Ҳһǿ壬ôķϢ׳ѪĵλѪ粻ɺҲǴ
Ϊ˱˵İΣѪʼ棬Ѫ񶫷棬ϷӲĽѪ彨ȫѪâɽС
Ѫ֮Уһֲϵǵļ԰Ǿ˽⸱澰
ѪâѪ壡
仰֮⣬һĻǡѪʮԡѪ
Ѫһ֦ʮҶһʮ壬ΪѪʮʮĻ֮κ߶ԡѪ֮С
Ѫǿʢ֮ʱ仰ǿ̸ʵ治Ѫ磬ܱҲպգ֮˶׳
ֻϧһ׳󣬱ȻҲ׶ˣҲص⣬Ȩ֮
ȻÿѪ峤ǳ壬ƿѪǿ󹦷ԼǿȨȻҲ÷ۺ죬䵱һ֧ʵ˥ʱ򣬷ͲٸίȫϾ˭峤֮λ
Ѫ֮ǰ⣬Ҫ⣬ҪڣӶĴѪ岻һҶ
Ȼô꣬һֱڼԼ峤֮λǵڣʵһһѾ˵͹ȣȫƾ峤һ֮ѹʮ
Ҳ֪ѹƸ̫ʱ䣬ȵһ彫᳹䣬пȫ塣
ǣȴûκεİ취ΪĶﱲ֮иûһܹ峤֮ˡ
峤ҪʵǿҪλǣǸȵһУЩԵĶһŮ֮Уûһܹ߱
ʱ˿̣ΪѪ峤Ķԣһλ˫ް߰׵ѪŹѪλ̾˿
Ѿ˶ÿµй£۶æҪ˵һˣΪʵ̫ෳƣ޷Ŀ峤һλԼͣϣѪϷֱ
Щ޷κ˵ֻһ¡
վʱ֮󣬶ٴ³һڳͷҲصĵʲô𣿡


1014 Ż
Ѫ峤һſڣӺݣȴûб飬ģǶԵŮ죬ȻҲҶĸס
һˡ
ԼŮ˿̲סǳһ̾Ȼ֪ԭ򣬾ΪԼͬŮǸҶƷɵĻ£ϧѪ֮ŮϾҲûЦݣԼ̬ҲĮ˼㣬һҲ˵һ仰
ȻԼŮԹԼΪѪ峤ΪѪѪȥҲܽԼŮ޸һĬĬţû۵أ
ѪѪͳǸ߹ģǼѪŮˣ׸ѪˣҲǸŴɵС㡣
ңѪ綯ôúõҪ뿪
ûʲôҾȥתתҪǲͬ⣬ҾͲȥˡ
Ķ仰֮󣬶תߣԼĸ׸ӦŮıӰǿɬ̲֮סڵȥתתȥɣѪ㣡
ûлش𣬾˳ȥҡҡͷ̾һѪ󣡡
ڣ
һޱĺͬһ˶Եǰ
СȥתתɣҪǲ뿴㣬Ͳڰˡ

һٴʧ
վԭأĬúҲ߳Ϊ峤ʱ̣кܶҪȥ

ҶһֱڹزסţĴڣزСԺù࣬ƳǺͻ飬ҶûزҲûʹ´ûзһ
ƳǺͻ֮˱Ϣزеʱɫ΢΢һ䣬ʵģȴʲôҲû˵
һΣǶʮȥˣҶʱﶼûȥĴ޸Լƣʵػ۷״ֻ̬Ѿıòʱûа취ȥ
һ죬Ҷ͹زС֧˳ȥԶزеʵֵܣƼȻѾˣǾ͸Ͻ취뿪ѪɣԽԽˣٲߵĻ¶߲ˡ
ʵЩҶҲʼĥ⣬Ҳ˾
Ѫ磬ϸ˵ҲҶİ磬Ͼĸ׾ѪˣûҵԼĸ֮ǰҶǲ뿪ġ
뽫زѪ磬תһ룬͵ȥأ
Ҫܹͻн磬ǻð죬ʮ֮Уûпռܹ
Ҳ㽫ز͵һ磬Ļͨ˵ݣĸʵ̫ˡ
Լ뿪ҵ֮ǣҶֵԻͨӦú׷鵽ˣʱһ۵ǣԼҪںһˡ
ˣ˼ȥ¶ģ˴ԼߣǰѪ塣
Ѫˣ˵Լ⹫ҪôԼԼȥѪĿľΪ˼ֻҪҵȻԼʹԴ͹ز뿪Ѫ磬κҲ
ز׼뿪ˣʱ뿪Ѫ磬ڱҵģϵ龧ʯҲҲ߲ˣԣĴתתܲת龧ʯԸĻزСһ߰ɣ
زһʱҡͷôУֵܣ֪Ǻ⣬һһСֻ㣬һˣڴ˳ڴˣҲ붼˻Ҫ磬ֵܣԼ߰ɣùˣ
ڹزķӦҶ֮У΢΢һЦز㲻ΪԼ룬ѵͲΪС𣿡

زʱˡ
ҶҲȴСŰɣո𲽣ѵϾֹڴˣزģȻ˵ǸңԲ׸ҶѪز죬ڣҲܰҲæ
ҲûȥٵطǲϤزھܾ
ҶزֵǮûʲôأ
زסˣſЦҡҡͷһӶѣʲôֵǮġ
ǾͺãˣزȥСɣ
ҶŹز˳һѱڵˣС߳ʮԶͣСС˵ټɣ
˵֮Ҷָ֮жȻһŻǣС֮ϣ䡱һ˲ͽСݸɡ
Ҷʵû취ˣɴǵķӸˣҲߣҲߣ
زСȫסˣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻУҲ֪ҶһƬ⣬֮£ֻܳĿ˶𽥻Ϊҽ
ҶزպѪ粻𣬵ʱһؼҿ


1015 忤
ҶѾѪ֮ؽѪâɽλѪģƳǴн֮ң
ҶԼ·Ļиʮ¿϶ܵΪͨ˵ĹزСȻô졣
Ȼͨռ󷨴͹ȥҶȴѪһߣ˽һѪϾһҲȷʵס
ȻҶҲûи߹زҪȥزȻҲûʣһˣѪâɽķȥ
ǰѪâɽƳǱؾ֮·ǸոյƳǵʱ򣬷ֳ֮Ȼɽ˺һ֮£֪Ѿɳﲼ˸ڣҪԽ֮һһʡ
Ȼ¶ҪҵƳԼԼ˵֡
Ҷ£Ϊ֪Լָɾ䣬ûܹҵԼǹزԵЩţȻҶû˵ƳйأҲܲµĳ
ҶƳµ˴ˣƳϵ¾ͱɱˣôɵ£
زһǧҪʲô£һ߾ĵȴ̲飬ͿҪֵ֮ʱȻһһָҶˣڳɱִ˳һ˵ȡ
һ£ԭڳŴȫΧ˹ʮŽ˸Χм䡣
زĵͻȻ֮£ﵱһãٱôΧסŵվվˡ
Ҷʮ侲ޱĻˡ
Ⱥֿһͷ߹ڣɫ۵ԽڶܽתȻûпڣһ֮ѾȻ¶һǻеĸ֣ʵԱҶɱ֮Ҫ߳һ
Χȫ˵סˣ󲿷ֵѾԼͬĹڵأʼĤݣϾǵĻʣǵͳߡ
ĵţǻһλĶŭˣɳˣ治֪˭ôĵӣȻҴɱ֮ˡ
˭ˣ϶ܲˣѪ壬Ǿ͵ɱ
֮Уܹáְģٶ鳾ϸ֣Կͣ滹лӣ̫ӣȵȣߵľǻ
Ŀ棬һɨزСȻͶҶϣҶηĺӡ
֮ڿڵǺηʿ
ҶûкұˣϾ忤Ȼ˽⣬úŪǱһѪԶ֡
ȻԹز˵ֲͬزȻѾûЩˣΪԻ忤˫ȶѾҶڱȻų֧壬Ѿڵˡ
ޱĵʲôʱģк£
Ŷʮ֮ǰɣ﴿Ǹ⣬ôѵ˵ÿһѪ˶ҪϸıԼĿ𣿡
ˣȣªӵҲ̫˰ɣ֪֪ԵǻһλɱȨ˶ײԼ
ȻȴڳƬ̺ûˣǽǰɣ
л
ҶһֲŹزһֱСӿǰ˹ȥ
ſʱ򣬿ͻȻâɫָҶĲȥ
ͻȻһĻ˵ϣȻҪǿǰȴѹֵ˸˿ڡ
ɫָۿҪҶʱ֮ͻȻһͬĺ¡֮
һɫУźɫƥȻ̤ն
ɫƥٶȼ죬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ嵽Ƴǳžۼǰ󲿷˶ŵñ۾Ϊǵ֮УЩȻƲסײԼ˵ϡ
Ȼ㣬ڿƣƶֻԭصȴԼײɡ
ȻƬ̣ȴûзκε飬֮͵͵һ̲ס˿
ЩɫȻ뻮һͣǰһ֮ԶĵطϢͬһ㡣
ѾջָתЩɫʿɫʿȴҲȫȻϣûҪݼ˼
ЩʲôˣȻƳǣŻ忤֮˷
Ȼ˵жǳɻ󣬵Ǵʱ˿ȴû˸ҿ˵ңΪܹʮʿɢɱ֮ڵصԨеһ㣬η
ʮ˶ɫأһٴеģ
Ҷ͹زȻҲǺתȺɫʿͬʱɨһۿղſ󱳵ָù
֮󣬿ͻȻʲôһ϶Ȼ΢΢ɫԶԶĳΪ׵ĺɫʿһֵʣλǷ԰ҹһ壿


1016 ҹ
ҹ壬Ѫ֮Ϊصһ壬ʮǰ𣬽ʱ֮һʱѪ嶼ͷһʱ
һʵ̫أˣѾţ֮޷ǵһϢ˵Լסĵطһ֪
˵ڰҹո֮ʱĴ峤ǹƥȥҹĸأȻȫǴ֮󣬾Ҳᰵҹ飬ƺĬ˰ҹʵԺǲ
ǲ֪ΪʲôǧǰҹͬǵһȻʧʱ䶼û¶棬ʱ˶ڰв²⣬ҹǲǱĴˡ
˼֮󣬰ҹȴٴγ֣ʵȻǿޱȣֻµ͵࣬ȻǵĵλҲÿ£޷ٺͥ
дţ˵Ѫĳѷ죬Ψаҹа취ֲܹʶĴ嶼ɳϼЯǰҹ壬Ҫǳ
˭Ҳ֪Ǽ٣Ȼû
Ȼû뵽찵ҹ˾ȻڻصصƳǳ֣±Ըߵ˲١
ʮƥںīĿʮĪĺɫʿɱ֮۳һɵĺܡ
ȻһδһδҶȴ֪ʮʿҪֵĻܹѹƻˡ
ʮ˷װͳһŮޱ飬ǲѿһս֮ˣȻܾ߱ǿҵɱ֮ɱⶼѾ͸ǵĹ֮УҪζβˡ
⣬ҶҲ֣ԼʮɫʿȻһ˿еĸоԼ֮ĳֲΪ֪Ĺϵһ
Ի忤Դŵʻʮʿ֮ףһλò˻Ӧƽĵˣ
һ˵ҹҪˣȻӺˣ֪ص徿ҪʲôˣȻϧɳô֡
忤ɫʱָƽͷ֪ҪʲôˣûʲôطҪæģ
仰һ˵Ϊ֮Ȼ徹ȻҪҹṩھ֮гҲҵﰵҹ塣
ȻҹȻ飬ĵҹҪ˰ǣ
ĮĶ仰֮ʮͬʱʮƥûзѾٴγ𣬴˵ͷԾҪ˵ͷƤˡ
ֱӵľܾΪǼΪòģֽԴڽµĸо϶һ˿⣬ȴǸŭԣֻĿſһ֧ԽƳǣʧ
ô˵ҹ˵뿪˶һΪҹʵֲ̫ˣɱʣסÿˡ
ʱҶע⵽ԼߵĹز彩ӲѾȫʪǽŵ˼㣬СûʲôķӦֻǺһ̧ͷŰҹʧߡ
ҹ壬ҹ
ԼĲ²⣬ҶڼԸӿ϶ˣҹҪҵģҲǹزС
زȻ³ӣҶҲ¶˾ģܰҹ徿ΪʲôǣֻҪزԸȥô˭Ҳǿ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱȴȻ˿վס
زոеɵȻ֮һҶʹתЦĿſʲô£
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ָŹزС
ҶüëһΪʲôǶֻͨˣ
˫ֱЦŵȻֻǳߣ޿ɱƳ֣ͷڿʱôη壬бȻйҪ£úѯѯʣ
ԭҶԼǳļ󣬿ʶţԲŻղų̽ҶӦô˵Ȼ⣬ûзӦǾɱˣԾ󻼡
ϧҹ˵ͻȻ˿Ĵ㣬ڣǿزʵ̫Ȼ˵ͨ˶ڻȷǳη壬زηȴԵе㲻ͬҲǹҪҶķӦ
岻ɵӣ͵ҶƳ֮Ĺڣ֪ϣƳǸɱ֮ǰǰ뿪Ȼȴһֱδ飬Եòˡ
ҲӵʱĿߵĿкʵҶʵӦֻгԾûзϡ
ȻڣҶı̫򶨣زı̫ţǵǲ֣Ѿġ
ǾվʲôʰɣҶɫ̹Ȼ
ȴҡҡͷҶǳԼµȥǸͷСȥ
һ׵ı̴زСǰȥץ

ҶȻһŭͬӴף˹ֱӽıƷ˳ȥ


1017 һȭ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻſ񣬵Ż忤ֱӳ֣ȻǸе𾪵ǣҶʵǿƾһŭ𣬾ͽ˳ȥ
Ȼȴ˿һЦβ¶˰ɣ˭Ҳˣ
ҶЦǿ۽ˣʲôƨ壬һȺ޷С˶ѣ˭ңҾɱ˭ǻ廹ǹ壡
һΧ޲ɫȻ̾ĺˣҺͿа壬ˣɵӾʵҶѾչֹʵˣôһ򣬳Ծ춯أ޹˵ȻҪжԶԶñ
Ҳ˲䲼ɱѪ磬һ£ʮǰٴνҶǸΧס
ҶͬδһֱСŹزߣ
ҶУƶȻǣͷ޷Զ˫֮кɭȻªݣһԶɱһ㡣
ÿһضΪ֮¡¡죬Ⱥ޲ɫ䣬Ȼҳ룬ȴҲֻܱҶľƱƵĲϺˡ
һĻһɱ
̩ɽ
ʮ뷢Ȼͬʱ֣
Ҳǳĸ֣ʮͬʱƣÿжһϸСĽ۳һɫҲΪˣȻҶ
ȻĽҶɫƽľһ̶ˮֻǾȭͷ򵥵һȭ
ȭȭɽ
ײԴ˲ը˿׳Ҳ˲䲼ƣȻը
񱩵˷Ű¡¡ľӿ˳һ㡣
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飡
䣡
ײӶʮ˷ɳȥеײǽǽֱӵеˤ棬ҳһӡ
ʮȫ֮ÿ˶ĸоԼĹͷѾɢܣѪߣѾֱӱˤ
ֳһƬļžʮƺϵʹı͡
һȭȻʮĸ֣΢е˶ܿĳҶһȭûжκεսֻǵƾ
鳾ĸ֣ҪƾҲ޷Ҷ
壬ʵ̫ǿ˰ɣ
һȭɻ֣ҶûһŲĽ඼û˿ͣ٣ŹزСǰȥ
ʱ˿̣˵УҶǸ࣬еӰ˲͸ߴأ
Ҳ𺳵ˣ鳾ĸ֣ҶһȭĿֲ˵ԼˣٱԼʵߵҲһܹپûҶɡ
Բܺս
ٳһƽ޽Ȼ˿У죬ȻŻƽ棬Ҷնɱȥ
ҶͷҲأ֮ͻȻɳһˮڿУڳ£һˮ籡
ԪˮȻҲҶӵеĸ֮УȴСģҶҲõٵġ
ԸĻƽ𽣣ȴˣ
ƽƺʶ˻ԪˮܹԼԾɲľʹ֣Ƿһٴα󣬳ʮףУɫ淭Űȵĸ¶׿˲䱻ˮʪ͸
Ԫˮ֮Ҳˮ֮ˮ˼䣬۳һʮ׳ľ޴ٲԴԴϵŻƽ޽ȥ
꣡
ˮڻ֮ϣһƬƬա
ƽ޽ͨѾյͨͨ죬ĻҲʼۿžҪϨ
һʱ󼱣Լƽ𽣿ǻľƷںϽԣ죬Ȼ쾹Ȼһˮ
ڿҪƽջʱ򣬻ԪˮȻһ֮еˮһˮ
ﬣ
һ죬ˮлƽȻʱ䶴ӿ£棬ٲȻΪһƷ
Ȼŭһͷ֮ϳһڴϸĽ֮оȻһıٴҶȥ
ҶȻͷûлأĵʶһʲôĻɣ
Ļ£Ÿ˻ɫĴִڷɳŸͿͬղǱɵʮͳͳΧ
չ죬˲֮гɲǼͽƬһƬ𺣣
ͬʱԶΧȺ֮ⲻ֪ʱˣһǹһˣһѩòţһ˿Цݣͬ湫ӣһȴˣ߹ɣıδ󺺡
ĿҶͿĴ򶷣ʱԼͬ¶΢ЦĵȻвӣҪҵ˾ˣ


1018 鱨
Ѫ֮ޱĿ·վ۵˵ˣδʲô˵鱨
ѪרŸռ鱨ˣֱԹϽÿһʱ䣬һ鱨ڣȻ죬յ˵Ϣ˵о˵鱨ҪԻʡ
֮һվ峤ܹ̽鱨ÿһ鱨ޱҪ峤ᡣ
һҹɳٶʮ֧ԼİˣǰѪأ˵ˣǾ˭Ŀǰ޷֪
ԾޱĵӰҹӦͬҪ޲ѷˣҵӦþǾܹ֮߱ˡ
˿Цŵ峤ĴԻֳϽͬʱÿ꽻Ʒ龧ʯʮ֮ãջ֮£ҹԻᶯĵġ
Ҳ֮٣Ϊֲѷ죬Ĵ嶼ɳǰȫʯ󺣣Ψаҹд
κʵĳЩ涼Źͬ㣬ԼľˣޣͨزˣǿĴ峤ĳֻ֣Ҫһ˿ܣҲԸⱳ磬Ѫ硣
Ѫ磬ŸԳ꣬ʮĸ̣ǰ磬Щ̽Ȼ޴棬ҪٴδһƬأķѵ֮޷Ĵ嶼ھܵŰ취
񣬰ҹϣҹҲʧܵĻôֻܷѪ磬ǰˡ
ӽŵڶ鱨Ѫһʱ䣬дܱǿ߽룬ǵĿӦҲʲôұ˴˼·Ĭһؿƿ˵ҵľʲôѾ˰жס˼Ϊǿ
ԵͷѪڼʱǶͲøϽ뿪ȴһ̬ĸѪ磬˵ҪҵĶǵȷʮҪǲϧգ׶Щ֣
̫࣬ңļҽİаľĳȵȣ
ƺ겻ɫΪ⼸ֶ˱仯Щܱ粻ѪĳڣǾȻϵѪ磬ʲôǣ
Ŀǰ治֪ǿ϶¶˿ģʱһһʱ
ɫصĵͷҪ
鱨˵Ȼԥת˿Լͬ飬Ȼе㲻˵
ͬǽͷ£ԼĽż⣬Ȼûе˵
üͷ΢΢һʲô鱨˵
ǣ
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ϢȴԵޱȵƽҲʲôҪ鱨ˣҪǣۿѪҪǾᣬһǣѵΪ֣ܶԿѪʮ𣿡
Ȼٴԥĵ峤˵˵ǾΪѪʮеļλ峤
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ԻȻվɢӸȣȫƵáŵŵšˣֱĵ˴֮ϡ
˫֮Ѿ˳֮ɫֻͫʸͬڵѪһ㣬Ķ˵ǿȷ
ͬʱ£ȷһ鱨ʵĿǰ޷֪ļλ峤
ǻȥҲ飡
ǣ峤һһʱ䣬ԼǼλүСҪǧģӦû֣Դвó峤֮λ
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ǣ
˹ȥȻǿҪ֮߳ʱԺȻֳСţСʮҲĵ㣡
˵¶һĨ֮ɫͬʱڵأŶԿͷ峤ģΪѪ壬ССʮǣ
ȥɣ
ȵССʮӰ뿪֮󣬶Ȼվз
ԭΪеǰԽ£ʮ壬ЭУȻû뵽ǽЩͶԶֵܵ峤֮УȻ˹УԸԼˣ
Ȱڣ⻼ѵҪѪ𣿡
һ̾׼뿪ͻȻɫһݵѪôˣ
ѪٿȻ˴֮УֱӶŶԾ͹ȥ峤¸С㣬
ʲôٴ𾪣֪ѪʵԼһܹԸȻˣ
Ѫ󣬵ôô£


1019 
ÿѪ峤߶ʮ֣ΪѪʮǡöӦѪʮ壬б峤֮ܣҲָʮǹ£塣
Щ˾ǻĽ࣬ǳ֣Ҿͨ峤Ƕͷ۲ѡ
Ѫʮ֮ף֪ʵ֮ߣȻȻܹˣȻޱȾˡ
峤С㶯ѪƣжҵʶȻˡ
У
̲ס˿ѪƣѪʼ涫·¸ӣȻƵ࣬Ѫ峤ûܹȫģһʩչܻҿռ䣬κ׷⡣
ȻѧѪƣ
ǵģѪͷС㱾ʴӱԴӻصѪ֮󣬼ŲӦ͵͵ѧѪƣȫ
ȫԿЦһԴʼ֮Ѫ£Ǹ֮⣬˭ܹȫѧѪơ
ȻԲû˵Ǹ˾˭ѪȻ֪Ϊη壬嶼鲻Խ΢΢һ
ҡҡͷ˵һصľ磬ȻܹѧһЩѪƣҲǼΪѵãҪǿ֮Ե峤һְֻϧ
ѪȻ峤Ȼ峤ļ֪֮꣬ͬ¶һ˿Ц峤峤֮Ժ˵ɣڻ취ҵСɣҸղССʮ˵˵㣬С⣬²ȫ
ҵңֻѪô֪ȥˣȻѪƣˣҲƽ뿪ӦòʲôµģʱȥˣңڻиҪҪ
Եɫ¹ƽ˫֮ѪͫʣѪ䣬Ѫ֪峤ŭס
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ǿ忤Ҳ޷ܵ¶ȣ˵ЩıˣŰ֧ʱ󣬻֮Ѿû˲ҽʮȫճ˻ҽֻʣ¿Կ֧š
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ʱ˿̣Χ۵ȺѾ˵ǧ֮⣬Ǹ¹Ӻ׳˴˶һۺ׳ȴа㻹𣿡
¹¶һÿЦݻӦôҵ˾Ȼѧˣ
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׳ո׼ʱɫͻȻ΢΢һ䣬ѾҪԾٴͣ£̧ͷſУԶһƬɫƷ¡¡졣
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˶в죬ҹôֻˣѵ˵󺺵ѣ˵Ҫ壬Ըأ
ҶȻҲˣﰵ̾һӣҹӦѾ֪زСˣԾޱ飬û̧ͷ죬εĶŻ֮УѾҪ֧Ųסˡ
ʮƥɫϢͣҶͷ֮ϣǣʮʿ۾ȴûпߵƬ𺣣ǽʮĿ⣬Ķ˹زСϡ
˿̵ĹزûҶ֧ţʮɱİҹʿѾŵһƨ˵ϣ˫ȴıסССȴ˿£ֻóĿʮˡ
Ҷһ˹زСǰһվ˵ĸоһ߲ʵɽһǿ廤סˣȻ󵭵Ŀڵλʲô𣿡
ΧٴλȻ󺺵ʲôͷ߶ԸŻ忤Ǳ߾ȻȥͰҹĸֶţѵһ֮ͬʱս
ʱ֮ͻȻһ߿ĲҺһ𣬽⾹ȻݵѹסޱߵĻ棬ƺҪİΧ졣
ϧֻ꼻һ֣ѪֱҶ֣֮һ忤ֵܹġ
һ޴Ļӻֱ֮ſ㳬ʿ׵ľ޴ᣬһģʱͷһҽУ˲佫ٴɣ˻֮С
ǻ忤ƴ꣬Ҫ껯ӳ𺣣Ծɹһ񣬳׵ıճ˻ҽ
忤ıҶˣ
ſȥҶһ֣Ÿ˷Ѫεض𣬷ɵҶ󣬻ָԭΣ˿С
ȻҶڸҹʩѹ
ҹֱԾû˿ڣ˫ţƺһսʱܱ


1020 
ȻҶ֪С͹زǰҹҪҵˣǱǰҹˣǲԸȥôκˣ°ҹ峤ҲԼǰǸߣ
ʮʿĿȫҶϣĿֱȶߵҪ䣬ԭӦεɱڴʱ۳˵ĺʼҶȥ
ȻҶȴԾɲɽͦıֱηĺǶš
ৡһʮʿͻȻͬʱվҶǰ˫֮ľҲһҡ
ֽŵգ˶ΪôǿƵİҹ壬Ȼ̲˱ԼΪǿƵҶһվ϶Ҫչˡ
ǣΪ׵ʿȴǳϵĶҶ˵ͷǷǰ˵Ѱǰҹˣûв´ĻӦþǸλ
һ˶ʱΪ֮ȻزСͨȻѪһˣ
زȴǲĸӵƺԷⷬĴ̼
ֻҶһͲµˣȻڹزСǰΪĵʲô
˶ҶԽԽˣҹѾ˵ȻȻͱˣã°ҹܸÿ˰ɣ
ʿеȷһ˿ȴȻûг֣ǽŵǻع塣
Ҷɨʮһۣתȥֽزͬʱ˶ز˵ǰҹˣҪǻع鰵ҹ壬ǲǣֻҪ㲻ȥܿڣ
⼸ѾҶڳҹԼˣҹȴȻûֻǽĿⶼͶ˹زСϡ
Ҷҹ˵Ŀ⿴жʱףʵҪҵӦС
ֻСѾ꣬ڸû˿ȫһͨĺӣΪΰҹҪɳôѰ
ֻΪزСǰҹˣΪʲôңƫƫҪʱң
Ҳ֪ΪҶĻùز˵ΪµѾˣվȻҲˣȻϺо⣬Ƕſ͵ǣҺСȥҪʲô
ʿȻԼʮʿʹ˸ɫʮ̳𣬻ʮڹ⣬ԶΧ۵ˡ
ص˲䣬ʮ˵̱ǿҵɱɱ֯һŴȵ˲ϵȥ
Ȼҹȥ͹ز̸Ӧû漰ҹĳЩܣЩǾԲģȺ
λ׳Ͱ¹Ӷһۺ󣬲Լͬѡ˸ȺȥһڲԸҹ˺ϾҹأѪ磬Լĵ̣ͼı飬Ҳ̫֮
ֵڶˣʿʱŶŹزڵҹ飬ʲô֣ҹȱʲôϵ
ҽҹأҹȱǼҸѾˡ
ҹȱѾȥϢҹ鲢ûиеʲô⣬ǽʵӦú˵ǰҹɣ
زֲƵϾȻһ˿Թ֮ɫ˵һ㣬˵ȻǰҹˣǰҹȴҪɱǣŴ˳Ҷκʱ򶼲Ҫ߱ˣҹ
زĻҶΪʲôز˵ԼҶ֮󣬻ˣԼСգʵϾǵĻϰҹˡ
ҹһټա
Ȼҹȴǳ̾һʵȱˣҹأ۱֣Ӧýһ󲮡
ز¶ŵɫΪòҹҪϵĶ࣬ʵԽߣ˥ϵٶȾԽȻഺפǧ˶Ա˵ģ
ټҹȱҹҲܿӦͬһ֣ԹزֻܽʵȻһ󲮣ȴвġ
ҹҲƽЩ飬˵Һȱֵܣ󣬶ССǸţʮʱѾָΪҰҹδ峤ǰ;ҲΪ̫Ĺ⻷ԸеƫңʱǷһ飡
ʮͱָΪǿİҹδ峤ȷԳƵǳˡ
Ҷ͹زСľ۾
Ҷȴע⵽ˣҹе⣬ʼСϴתȻΰҹҵˣʵϻСĺӡ
ҶҲΪȻĽСС˰ɣ屧һᣡ
ҶΪԷһҹͻȻС
زȴǺ֪飬ż׷ʵ׷ʲô飿


1021 Ŀ
ҹĿҶƿ˿ܿҶСĿģɫĵҹأ㲻ߣ˵̫ϸˣҲ󶮣λֵӦ֪
Ҷͬκαֻ̬ǵ˵ȥ
ȱʮ꣬ǷȻһֺʣʵδֻ·ߣһǹһǾ·
ȻϣϹϧǣΪԸޣ̫һ֮ʱ߻ħԼ˾·ʱΪϧѾµĻҵǰѰҲ֮ȴ޹
ȻȴΪǲ峤һ֮£ûҵ
ЩڹزҲе⣬ҶȴȻˣλҹȱȻ֮ţȻеѲŰ
֮ĸ֪꣬Լֻ·ѡʱ򣬿϶һҪ߹Ҫ֤˿ȻԽԽ߻ħĶ
˵ҹȱδ֮ˣǵûȥԼԭ򣬷ԭ򶼹ᵽ˼ϣڹ壬ϧԼĶ˵Ļ
ҹĻǽ¶һйذҹǧ֮ǰͻȻԭԭΪ˰ҹȱ
뵽ҶȻʵҹȱȻʱˣѵǾûѰ𣿡
ˣȱ뿪Ѫ磬û֪ȥĸ硣
ΪʲôǻѰҹزǣô֪ҹȱǰкأ
زСȻԾѪ磬Ǿ˵ҹȱȻ뿪ˣȴ͵͵ˣѪġ
ҹ岻֪ôѰҹزҲпԭڼȻҹѾҵ˹زǾ˵Ӧ֪ҹȱк¡
Ȼôɵ飬Ѫô׵ľҵزС
ز궼Ѿʮˣʮʱҹ嶼ûҹزɹزŶӹ˼ªӺͶϱǿⶾ֣ҹ嶼ûг֡
ȴͻȻϹزĿȷֱָС˵бȻһЩҹû˵飡
Ҷ֪飡
ʲôĹزҶΪߣǼʶ̫棬飬ҪϸĶࡣ
ҹڹƶҶĳ嶯ҶڻУͬ˫ֽ§ҶӵСεĴͷ
ȱǵȷ֪Ҳ˽齫ӻر壬ʱ峤ΪȱȻѾ˾·Ըƫȥ˶ûʲôôԾ𣬾͵ҹûгֹȱˣ
峤
ҶЦһ²峤ԸҹȱѾţӦǴڡ
һǸ⣬ҹزСΪʲôҪңķ֣Ѫ缴֮ǰһʧɢѾõˣȻѪ磡
ʵҶùزػذҹ壬ΪǻĪĺô벻쵣£ƶԶԶȸڵԼҪǿ
ǣǰǰҹҪƴزȻĻҶɴԼߣǴ磡
ˣҪŪҹ˵Ŀġ
ҹǿˣԼܷ˳زСӻȥȨȫ󺺵ϣԼǿ
ΪΣֻӵкȱһʵ˲пܽΣ˼Ϊǰҹ壬˵һλ峤֮⣬ӵУԣǾ뵽ˣȱкˣôĺ˺пʡ
Ѿˣҹ岢ΪҹȱĺˣֻΪʡ
Ҷƣҹȱǰʲôʣ
ҹԥһº̫֮壡
ĸ֣κʲô쳣Ϊ˰ҹ֮⣬˸֪ĸ塣
ȻҶʱȴȻ⣡
̫̫֮֮Ӱһ֮߿϶ʲôϵɣ
ѵ˵ҹʵϾǺӰһܹóٿӰսһ壿
ǣӰսҪ߱Ӱصһ˿
ҹ˾Բǻ࣬ôʩչӰսأ
Ϊ֤ԼĲ룬Ҷ̽һҹ顣
ҶµӰӶȻ죬ͬһ̲ɫҺ壬ϢҹӰ˹ȥ
ҶӰӳɹҹӰ֮ʱҹɫʱ䣬ȻѾܵӰӵı仯һָҶĿ¶֮ɫ㣬ôӰս


1022 ΪӢ
ҹʳ⣬Ҷ֪Լֲ¶ˣѪİҹ壬һͨӰսļ壡
ʵǼ֣ƲһӰֻڰҹ֮вΪǿ
Ȼ֪˰ҹܣҶҲźҹͬ⣬ǾΪʲôҲӰս
Ϊʮҹ˶ǻˣҶ̲סҪӰصĺˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦջԼӰӣȻҲΪʲôԼڸոռҹʱһ˿иУΪǺԼһӰս
֪ΪʲôӰսôͱҪȸңΪʲôҲӰս
ɾ漰ҹˣҹȨ֮ҡҡͷҲ˵
Ҷ֮е£ҲǿͷǻԹǼȻҪ̫֮壬ôȻС̫֮ˣ
Ŀǰ޷𰸣Ϊ̫֮Ҫ弸λ˶ĸͬʱܲ鿴̫֮Ļƽʱ䣬ʮ֮ǰԣС˵ϣˡ
ѹҹǿСزѾ̫һδУ̫֮壬ҵҲ޼£ԣϣֻܼڰСϡ
ҶȻҲ޷Сǲ̫֮壬ֻܽʵ֪϶ңǾҪ̫֮ʲôΣֻϣܸңС̫֮壬᲻Σգ
Ϊ˱ʾԼ̬ȣҶⲹһ䣺زСо֮ұҪ֤ǵİȫȻǰԼԸߣ
ȻղҹҶȷǷǳ񣬵Ҷ仰ȴı̬ȣǰҶɱ֮ˣҲΪ˱زС֪
Ϊ˱ҶϧԿͰҹ壬Ȼֵ塣
ˣҹҲ֣µĵȻΣôȻΣգ޷֤С϶ƽֻܸ㣬̫֮ǰҹżΪҪ壬ǵʼ棬С̫֮壬ζȻȱı֣Իᾡȫ֮С
Ҷͬҹ˵ĲǼٻʱҪùزСԼˣСŵ˵ϣȻŹزСزС鶼ˣԸԸǻذҹ壬ģһǾ仰ֻҪڣû˿ǿκ£
زΪԼ׹˼룬ڰҹǳηͷУοпСΣգȻͬתҹ塣
ȻڣСȴѾʵ壬ܽΣһ᲻ΪһλӢۣ
һСĻز֪Ƕ˼ʱֽţæסС͵СҪ˵ʲôΣǶûйϵ
С˹زֵүү㾭˵̫үүһλ˫ĴӢۣҲһΪһλӢۣ
һŵͯĻȴҶҹ˴˶һۣ̾˿
ҹȱᰵҹ壬Сز䰵ҹǻ˵˼룬¹ز԰ҹֺޣزȴҲǴССҹȱǴӢ۵˼룬СܹͬΪһλӢۡ
ڤڤ֮УƺкܶѾע
زһ¾ͱ˵ƿԣܲڸĿڣ˵ԼĸײǴӢ۰ɣ
ҹҲûССҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ĽΣ㽫ΪһλصĴӢֻۣᱻ˼סܵ˵Ĥݺ;
ҶڷŸиţȻҹ仰ȴжȻһ磬һֵСǰҹ飬ԴķʽѰ̫֮壬òΪҪȥֲѷɣ
ҹ麧ȻվⱬĶҶͬԴķʽô֪㾿ʲôˣ
ʵҶȫǸĸϢƲġ
ѪΣڵϦ˵ֻаҹܹӵֲѷĴǰͬ¡
ҹ粻ңңƫƫʱ̫֮壬ټҹǷܹΪ˾ĴӢۣôֲѷ죬һѪ֮⣬ʲôΣأ
ҹҶ֮󣬳һƲȫԣֻ̫ܹ֮ģֲѷ졣
Сֻа꣬ѵ׼һµģǶ˵ɱʲô𣿡
̫֮壬ôİ취ʵзģҲһµģʿһͬǰҲȥ
ʿǱű֮ĵİҹˡ
Ҷҹ鶼Դķʽڽ̸С͹ز֪С˼һ֮ת˹زĵүүȥΣ
У
زȻܾҶڳ֮ͻȻҹͳһ仰ôֻҪӦһҾͰ˵С͹ز
ʲô
Сǰ֮ʱҲҪһȥ


1023 ս
С͹زջĸҶҹȰҹ뿪ˣȻҲҶȰ˵ĺ
Ȼһĺȥ磬¼ֱδţδҲڲ̣κˣǹزڣϣѪܹȥСΨһϣ
ټҶһٵʱԼ϶ҲԻСǰģر֤İȫչزòͬˡ
ҶȻֱе忤ȴĿãͬʱսͰҹ壬ͳʵ͵ǣزСҹ飬ǿҵġ
ĿС뿪ҶĳһԼٴγΪ˹¼ҹˣӦò˶þټҲûʲô̫˸Уΰεض𣬳嵽˿УѪâɽķȥ
Ҳ֪ΪϷѪ˿һЩϣֻɽ¥ǰƽ֮ڵѪ羹ȻĻָ˰
ְûнҶڣΪ֮ͻȻ֣Լ˸٣һһˡ
ԷʵԼߣҶǿʶ޷׽ǵҶе㾪ȡ
ԭҶΪԼǻ֮ˣϾԼѪĵֻл壬Ȼ֮̽ȷԷǻ֮ˡ
Ľݵı־ױϣҶ֮˸ûʲô޷жݡ
Ȼ޷ȷҶԾͲᣬСĽ䱸֮⣬ȫûһֻȴԼٶȣֱѪâɽǻ᲻ϵ;ĳͣһʱ䡣
ѪΪǸŵ磬ۼ˷ߣܶණܶ飬Ҷ˵ʮʣҲĿ۽硣
ȴһʮֵ顣
ȷϰȫ£һ뽫Ѫ˷ųȻһ֮£ǧ֮УȻûһѪģ
˵Ѫ˿ţķߣҶھĴҲİвԼܹ鳾ű֮л죬ô϶ҲвԸ˳֮ˡ
ڲϹ˳֮ˣȡֶξǴѪȴûһѪˣе˵ͨˡ
⣬Ҷ˼˺ܾãҲû𰸣ֻܲ²Ѫ˴ڵڶ߸߼С
һ죬ҶһΪĳǳأѾ뿪˻Ͻĵ̡
һʱ֮ǰҶոһǳ֮װģת˰죬׼볤ǡ
ϾȻøԼ֪֮ԼĿĵأҲ˷ѴʱͬǺȥ
ǣ볤ԽԽ죬վڳǳŴʱѾͬսһܼ޶š
ˣ
ҶİһԼΣգߵΣ֮ʱͻ־ס
ֻȴͬǾףһֽźڴƺϽĳڣʲôҶǿҵ޷ֻܾܷԭȵļƻ߽˳ǡ
ҶϢͬһͨһڳյй䣬һȤΧľɫһ߾ʾԼ֮ˡ
ЩѾȷԼˣ࣬һˣһһˣʵǸ߲ɲ⡣
ֵǣҲֻǰβԼûжԼ֣Ҷе͸ǵĿġ
ҶҲû취ֻܼ̬֮֮ȡ
Ҷ΢΢ŻԼٶȣһ΢ѹһԼǼҪĳŵࡣ
ô£ûѵ˵磬ǻүүΣˣ
ӦòɣҾҲ֪жգôܸܵǵΣأҲΣհҶж粼µĽƣ˳֣Ȼ˿ƣԯңʦͬǿƣҲǷ˲ƣ
ҶɻʱͻȻ޼ɵĶ䡣
Сӣͦΰңһߣ಻ȫ
ǰһٸǿԱ֤İȫ
ӦһЩͽӼһ˵ŮڳԵϷҶٴˣʼվ򱧲ƽڣ֪Ϊʲôȥ顣
Ҳ׼֮ͬȴͻȻٴμӾ磬ƺڸȥܣ
һ˿ЦҶ࣬תΣķȥ
Զ֮ΧһȦϵķЦϷűǰΧסһŮˣΧȻֵ˲٣ȴûǰֹ
͸Ⱥķ϶ҶĵɨһǸŮˡ
һۣҶ׻һ㣬ɲǼ㻯һֱֱԭأ
Ȼʱ׿⣬һ湫кһһͬСİ׹⣬ҶĲ
߷߲ƽҲͬʱ𣺡а湻ģ


1024 а
ҶѾһּȵ֮УеľģеķһȫȻ޴棬Իᱻ¹İ׹С
¹ӾʼոҶ֮һһȻҵĴ󺺣֮Ǹôöûж֣һΪ޷͸ҶʵҲǸ˫ǣƣԼһֻһ񵽱ˡ
ȻڣҶ֪ʲôȻȫ״̬¹ץסᣬͷųΪĴ룬ҪҶС
룬ǽʯһؾ֮ƶɣܹأ޼᲻ݣɵһУǽ͵壬Ҳᱻ׶һ壬ͻͬ뺣ܹ꣬
ҶѾֻҪУ㲻ҲԶϵˡ
¹ӵͻȻ֣ҵ󺺲쳣ΪһǰԼֻҪҶ֮еκһס˾ͱ
ֱֱҶĲ֮ϣϢͬʱһӰͻȻ֣ԼɼӰƣһգͽﲻĴץУʧ١
Ӱĳֱ绹Ҫ죬ǰ¹ӺҴ󺺾ȻûпǿѾɹҶ
¹ʼŵ˼֣˫ӡʼ߶ѾҶڵĴ룬׼Ҷһٻɱ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬¹ϵЦˣ뾹Ȼͬţ뺣һ㣬ʧҶڣ˵ˣӦ
¹ӣΪаǻҽһ鳾űʵŴ룬ݺҽʱ䣬ûʧֹȻ죬뾹ȻʧЧδ
аı飬Ҵ̾ôˣһЦа̫ˣǲǹǻأ
аеҲסˣһٴȻڲ״̬µҶȥ
²ӦҶϴʲôףֱҶ˫˫źԴ
ڴ뼴ҶʱҶͻȻתڿһӣϷɳһȻͽԶصĴȫץУȻ̧ͷĿһ۰а
߶ʱ׻Ҽһʱ֮ƺ̭ˣͬʱ²һ
һĻľɣҽһŷɥİаȻҶ۹͸ųҲʵ̫ˡ
аعʱҶ֪ʱѾתӣȻԾһ״̬ǵа뵽Ҷղһ۵ʱȴǴĵ׷һɺ⣬˸
ǸͲܷĿ⣬пᵽ˼£һ˫׵ĺڶԵħۣԻء
аôˣ
ҴҲĪ̲סѯʣаһۺȴתߣѾ˵֮ʧ
а˹췴ı֣󺺸ãȻѵ˵аˣ
òıɣ
ǲıãһ˾Ǿܶһֻᣬٵˣڻû֪һҪҵˣһᵽ֮أǾɱ
Ҷգգ۾ĳһδԼµѾɢһƵ̵Ĵ룬ǴǼȻڵϷŮ˵˹ȥ
ȫ
ĸ֣һ̣ǵ壬ѾһֻĺɫƸĳһֲ࣬˴ˡ
һһļž֮ΧȺŶȻعŸָļɢȥ
ֱܳǧ֮Щ˲ͣ˴̲סҲ֮
ղ㿴𣿻ۻˣһƽĳࣿ
ûۻҲˣֲ̫ˣǸ˭
꣬Һ˼ҳСҲ
ιιιûпˣ廢
ܰɣ廢ǿɶһ쵱ĸ֣ôܻᵱֵϷٸҲܱΡ
ҿǲ֮еǻеݱ־̫ˣЩѾ˾ĸǣĸ廢ʱΣǻ̫ˣ
֪ˣǸǸɱ˭ˣû˵ǰʱƳǣиһƳǸȻɱһλɣ
Щ˵ۣҶܿȴҲˣΪĶд˿ֻҵ
ˣ
УҲֻܿǰһ˿ɻ֮ɫעԼ


1025 ĸ

ҶзһźΪǰվŵˣԼĸף
ҶΪʲôԼڿʱôңΪԼĸ
ĸģ
ҲǺҶһҪɤ˳ֻûϳǰª˾Լӣɻ󣬲ΪʲôԼ˻˼
ҶոѪʱ򣬶ѾУȻ޷ҶƷɻҶѪ磬е˼֮Уھ뿪Ѫâɽתת
ѪưѪİб֮󣬶һ˿ʼĿĵѪ֮ε
ʱԼ뷨ʵ̫ˣƾһ˿Լ޷ȷĸоóȻ뿪ҡ
֪ȻĿĵߣʵȴǳҶڵķһĽӽ
ֱգ˳ǣ˵ĵϷͺݣȻߣȴеĲ˲ԡ
Ϊ˲֮µϸһͷ֮ле
ΪѪ峤֮ŮʵٵͣѪ֮и֪ıҪġ
޺ˣκ֮У϶Ķͷ˴˻඼Ʋ϶Է岻ȥϷŮӣҲͬȥ׷ĸޡ
ȻˣȻðϷ죬бȻʲôԭ
ټ϶ڸղͻȻҵʱûзֻǾվܾûʲôҪ
ȻҶˣ
ȻڵҶѾҲǰģǵ쿴Ҷһ̣ȴǸеһޱȵкϧҪԷڻеĳ嶯ۿ˲ʪ
ĸģܱ˴òα仯ܱ˴ʱԶĸ׺ͺӣԶġ
ĸˣ˴ţ˭Ҳ˵ֱͬս޶ƽ
һΪԼðҪª§ڻеĻ뷨е죬æͷȥҶ΢΢һл׳ʿȣ׳ʿմ
ȻҶĸ߶죬ԼĶӣǻȴǸ˿ڵɡ
ĸյĵһ֣һ֣һ
֮ҶûбݣΪϣĸܹԼһªӡ
⣬Ҳһɶ˵뷨Ǿ뿴ʱʮ꣬ԼĸǷͬڸԼ֮˵һֱǹԼ
Ȼ֪ЩҶ˵ͷҵֲ͸¶Ƕ׳ʿԮ֮СŮͷձлرǣ
⵹ǶأֻҪ֣͵ڸ˱Ѫ壬գѪֻѪһ֧
ŶתҪȥҶæǰ
ת׳ʿʲô𣿡
ð£֪ǰҪȥ£ϣܹǰͬС
κһ˶ԶһҪ󣬶Ի̷ȻҶҪȴҲΪУʵҲʮֲªӷֿ
治֪ԼôˣȻ˻Ƶ뷨ҪܾȴŲ͡
ڶ˼ʱҶжȻһâΪǿҵųǶ
ֱڣҶҲ֪ԼĵʲôˣܲµĳϹĸӦþΪ˱ġ
ͬʱսʤУѵĿڵл׳ʿĺ⣬һϲһˡ
Ҷûǿ󣬶ǵͷЦðɣǰһ·˳硣
ˣ׳ʿˣղˣǻˣҲСĵ㣬鷳Ļȥԭ˵ǴСѡ
ԭѪ첻ҶȥѪâɽֻȥԭǡ
֪ˣ
ĿһҶ֮ת뿪ҶʼվԭأֱӰʧ֮΢΢һЦȥ
Ҷһǰһ뿪˳ǣǵӰ
ɫķɽ֮ϣվ׷ԲԵߣ裬ɷǣɫ⼤䣬Ƶ磬ǵ£ֻ͹ɵϻȿ񱼣һǰ׾룬ٶ˿ߡ
ǵһȺˣСĽȴĽ档
û˵ɣղűɱʵǻ廢ȻĻǿô֣ܳ
˵ˣǿ߾ȻҲˣʲôʱߵһѵΪɱǸ
ǸʲôһϷǸǲǰɱ忤ֵĻɾ͵ͬʱ壡
˵ۣǰϻһԵǰ֣һǶԸǸСӣͽˣ


1026 ͻ
ߣͷ޻ͻȻȫͣΪǵǰҶվޱסǵȥ·
ͻ֮ǰԼ߽ǿҶһ֮׼ƹȥ׷졣
ȻҶһȴٴεǵǰеâ¡
ΪʲôҪץղǸŮˣ
ҶˣȻͷִŨŨս⣬Ȼģǰļƻ
Ҷݵ˼άܿͲµѪ֮У󳬼ѾʱĽޣϵһ𣬶ǵĿģƺԼĸף
ΣҶȻκ˺ԼĸףԲŻڴ˵סǡ
Զǧ֮⣬иֵҲֻͣѪڣȻһ֮ǿߣȻһǳʵĺϷˡ
ѾеĿҶɱ忤߸ϵ֤ʵҶݣ˵ͰҹƺŽ飬˵иΪ֮Ȼ
֪ðĳԭаҹΪŸͬʱ壬塣
˵ͬɽһվ˴üͷ΢壬Ȼ磬ô죬СҪǱĸָץסǰæһˣ
ԭڰа뿪֮ﻹϲΪڵȵ˿ԻɱҶĻᣬȻû뵽ȴǿ߽ȵǣǵļƻ
Ȼǵʵηͻ壬ǿѹͷߣѪ磬ǵĵ硣
û취ֻĵţЩӦò֪ǻлᣬһıͻǿץסǾͳˡ
ã
ҴżƻûעǽµĴ֮УһͻȻƿһֻͬһ㣬ڵķļ׿ǳ棬һ³֮Զٷȥ
Ҷ·һ縳üͷ΢Сӣ֪˭
ҶЦҹ˭ҵĻѵû𣿡
ͷϻͻȻ֮ų⣬֮Ѿ׳֮һƤڵ֮⣬ǳ壬߸߹𣬳˱ըԵƺܹһȭء
ǵ֮һֻĵɫͷ
쿴ɫͷǻ峤ϼı־ټʹ鳾ĸ֣³ǿҲ϶Ҫˡ
δأûǶԿ忤Ÿ˹Źֵĺ죬ÿʮֻųӣҲδֵܹסǸµĻ档
ЩԻ󺺵ĶУǲüͷ
ȥͻԽԽ֪СϲβܷŹˡ
һͶ֣µﻢ壬ø֪ˡ
ϼȻܻΣ˵Ѿľ硣
̽ҶΧ
߹ɣͬվͬɽδ֣һǿѾסҶ
ˣ¶޷ֿɽƣҶǿںѹ
峤Ͽڵ߰ɣСǵˣ
壬ͻѾдЭ飬ҪѪҵĻѪ壬ѪâɽǿҲǿйǡʱ򶫷쾹Ȼ뿪Ѫ塣
ǸһĻᣬǶΨһŮвȶԡ
ҲĿŵĳץ죬ԲŻ廢ΣһϷߣֻû뵽·ɱҶôɱǣǵļƻ
廢峤ȻܷŹҲҪץסԱ·
彣ʹɨҶһ֮󣬾׼뿪Ҷĵûҵͬ⣬˭Ҳ׼뿪
ȸɣ
һŭ죬ȻһȭҶ˹ȭͷһ㣬һﳤĹβռŤ󣬴л֮ơ
һӣ֪ǿķһȭܿɽʯûԸǽս
֫
ҶûۿԷֻǼ򵥵һȭ˳ȥ澹ȻֱƷ˹
ȭײûκ⣬źȻײ͹ͷ峤ϵɳȥˤ˵ϡ
Ҷٴһס׼̤뿪彣ʹĵ˵˭Ҳס뿪
䣡
ҶһȭҳƵȭӲڵһͷʹ˹ȥ
ȻһȭҶɫȴǶȻһ䣬ĿĵҲ𣬺ǰǣһǹ
£ҶѾȻʧ˵شǧ֮⣬һҶһеĶǰͻȻۣͷ߹ڵӡ


1027 
üͷ΢壬ǰ˵忤ǵסʲô
֮Уǿϵˣ۸߹ڵװǻݣһ۾ϳ
ӵͷǷǰǰ͡
ͣѩлðϷԼڻֳҪԼ̾Ͳ³ˣǵĿĿҪԼҪЮס
ȻԼĸӲĲɢԼҶƷɶԹǴ֮ϣȴΪ׿ǡ
ҿԸȥ壬ҵ˼ѪߣǲĻһ£ϾҪˡ
ѪʮѪʮպգ磬˵˲֪˲
ʱѪȻ˱˻ˣͬʱҲΪԼȡһʱ䣬˫䣬Ȼʼ̻Ѫơ
ʵֻгһأȫǻ˵Ķ֣ҲԼ֣֮õİ취ߡ
Ѫƣ̺Ī⣬Ȼֻһ㣬һܻҿռ䣬˶Ҫͷۡ
ϧǣ֣Ѿܾˣȷ߲ûκѪԸĵ
ģѪĻȻҲдǣһһģǻһɣ
һһ־򶫷ץ˹Ѫƻûвúá
ͻȻһͬһؼըſ
һʮ׵Ļ֮ϸ£޴βƶȥһòªĺͬ콵һ㣬Ȼ˶ߣ磬ֱӽԼ
ɫʱ䣬ӦǼ죬𣬻۳һɫӭŻȥ
䣡
ڿײޱȴǳֱ룬ˣβһѾͽһ
ХϵĻȻȼʮߣȵĸ֮£ҽжûüѾճޣʲôûʣ¡
βҶ֮Ϲͻ֣ԼֵҲøϵȫĿһĻÿ˶Ŀ࣬ӿ־塣
һ֮£忤ͱճ˻ңʲôʵ
ҶĻ˷Ѫ֮УΪˣҲԲû죬ܽеĻ档
켶棬¶ȿɷأҸղҶڱŭ֮ʩչ˵鳾űֿҲҪˡ
Ҷ׼֣һ˿ʶʼշԼĸ׵ϣȻоивĸ׵İΣżæϹ֮ɵһ
־ϲԭΪԼڽӣû뵽󺺾Ȼٴڹؼʱ־Լ
еѪƻһɣǶָȴͣ
壬ΪԼôԼߣҶһ¶Ըأ
ҶһȻľҲ׵ĽָŭˣҴλ忤̾ϳҶͨɱڶ˵֡
ۺ죡
Ȼһ𣬸˵ĿҪ׽ö죬һȻȳ֡
һĥ̴Сڿسظ֮ǧͬǧӿд£Ҷƶ
壡
Χ֮ʶģϳǻ弸֮һ˵屾ǻ֮Ȼ䷲䣬ȴӵвٿػ֮
ʵֻǻĴ˵ҶĿ磬һ۾ͿϵЩ·ʲô֮ѣ
ʵҶΪֹ֪ڷ˽ʵ٣Ϊ˵˽磬ϵڷ˽˵ÿһܹ֮컯
ֻõ˺͸Ǳ䣬Ϊ˱˵죬׼䲻ʩչ
λ忤ΪɱҶԼ˱Ȼ˲ˣԥʩչ˻壬лŭĽҵˣҾͬķʽɱ㣬Ҳճɻҽ
棬ͬ˿һ㣬飬ĽҶȵĸöʱе޷ܣҶȴûһ
ȻޱȣҲҪʲôʹãķղҶ˵ҶѾӵǿûȴӳԪˮһٲб£ĸ׸ͬʱŸ˴ٴ֡
ûһû¹˭ǾͿĻҵķѪǿ
Ҷ£ȻһɨԱ߻֣һЦҪҪһϣ


1028 ȭս
ʲôп
һ˸ͬʱս壬ߴ֣Žп
Ȼ˶޲ǰҶ˺ƬôΧۣҲʵǷŲܣȥ߸Ҷһ
ɫ࣬һʹЦСһܹӿĻ֮˵ɣ
ҶȻЦЦ֮УһӴ㱦ͷ֣Ѹٱ󣬸ߴʮףУΡϢ˲ִء

ʮɫ˷һɫ޵ÿ£ȫ׵ķһƬ
ӣҾͳȫǣǴҲô򣬲ҲôҪŴ뿪ɱң
һؼʱ
˶ĿɿڴעҶﶼͬһɻǾǲӲã
ߴ֣ԸҪһ֮սˣ
˵ǿɲʲôĸ֣鳾ĸ֣ǶţѪ綼Ҫһµ
ҶȻӲãô˵ܹͬʱˣ
Ҳ߳ŭλ˷Ӧҿ˰ɣãǽҲȫ㣬ɱ֮ѪƺŮˣģ֮ǻúñģ
ȷв֣֣ݷһ֣Ϊ˿ٳһЩ֮١
ǹ֮ˣҲ飬ѾΪ˳Ϊƴ߸˵
ǧȻҶβưҶֶ벻֮أȻòªǿߵϢȴǺεչ¶˳һ̣ûȥעòûȥϵ˶ȫ
һսҶʤǰܣҲѪˡ
ԪˮĶ죬ҶǰȻӰоȻӿֳһĪԺУ
ǻʲôԿʼˣ
Ҷ£ѾӻΧ֮ʧûʹ÷Ѫ죬ԵֱͻΧͻȻ˸ղŷĻ峤ǰȻһȭ
ƾ죬ȭ纣
峤ϸղĿԼֵܱҶһȭɣ֪Ҷ󣬵ȴȻа
Ȼ岢壬ҲԲСǶѾľ磬վƶ֮ϣӲǿߣȻŭһһֻ˶ͻͷ֣צҶȭͷӭ˹ȥ
飡
ȭϵ΢΢һ˳ȭͷڵȻǿ󣬲ȴܹܵķΧϲ¶ϲɫȻСȷǿĿ£Լп֮
ҶЦһֻȭͷȴѾŶ
ҲǻȥˣҪҶͬٴצӿĳ
飡
һΣ˲ƾУͬһʯͷȻ˳ȥصݺݵײڽɫ֮ϣȻǿڵء
һԾ𣬻ϵĿѾһ˿ѪԭҶĵһȭûȫֻΪûϵΪƾҶ⡣
ڶȭҶͲٿѸûϳһ
磡
ϴʧɫ·ֱҶͳϡ
䣡
ǾһȭҳҶĻҲֱͬӻ˳ȥˤڵϡ
Ҷȴûһվԭûжעλ峤ϵҶ˵ˣһϣƫ
𣡡
ͬʱХֱ֮Ľɫ졣
ã
£˽壬ͻȻʼԼٶ
˱ʮ׳˶ϵļ⣬ͬһ޴صʯһسȣʯ
ǿ׳ޱȻ㣬ͻȻԻһɫԴԴϵǰλϵڣ
ǻط;ۻǼһ壬ͬһ㣬ǿ˼£ԵֿκĹۻǿԽϵһ𣬴Ӷӳɣ֮൱֮
мʶĪȱɫ˻峤ϵս
ɱҪ׶༪ˡ
ҶҲܸоĵʩչ;ۻ֮ǵϢԱÿֲƺһͷԶޣ˺أա
ҶȻû˿η壬϶Ǳޣʥ޺ᣬôȷеˣϧֻͨϻ
Сӣ
ڻ֮Ļ緢Ҷ˽
ˣ


1029 
ҶȻһȭҲͬȭӭ
Ǵ⣬ҪҶķڷ
䣡
˫ȭཻΡȻҶȴǲ˷һʵĵȻţȭͷͬһ㣬಻ϵĿٻ
һȭһȭһȭһȭÿһȭĻӳ涼ǱһһıƷ
ѾûܹҶȭͷж죬УȭͷûжһƽƽľǰΪٶѾ쵽һּ¡
ȻҲܹ壬ֵܣп뿪ʵʼնڰİа
Ƕ鳾űĸ֣ȻܹҶȭٶȣÿһεĳȭһһ㣬ͣס
˵ɫÿܹףȻҶĹʽɫµĵط
򵥵ĳȭ˵ˣСᣬһȭܹƾ첢£µľȭȭܹ˵ƣȭȭܱ˸ߵٶȣ
ʱ˿ֲֿ̣ȭͷٶľλˡ
Ѿʩչ˻ط壬ѾԾۻķʽ˵һҶֻڿʼʱ򣬻ܸоɡ
Ҷȭͷܼ㣬ǿٶӰµʱǽľѾ޷ˡ
ǿ׳˸е֮ϣȻʼ˹ѣǸɺĴһһơ
Ϊ屾ľѪټҶƼ򵥣ʵÿһǵڣͬһ㣬ǵѪ
ѾûˣȻֻǿҧڼ֣ϣҶܹ
ϧҶȡ֮֮һ㣬ǵûмԽԽǿڣбѪ⣬嶸Ȼ߸Ծ𣬼͵ƽеĽǶ֮£ȫ۳һȭݺȥ
䣡
һɽؾҵոʮסƬ򣬵Իݡ
ˣ֮ҲǳһεĿӶӶ֮УտҲϾƾʧһ㣬ɡ
УϸСͬһĶ׷¡
ؼٴμž˶Ҷǿ˱̬Ĵ幥ķʽɵˣð֮˻عеף峤أ
֪ѵˣ
ɣôӣɱĹôܼҪӣˣ
۷׷׵ʱ˳³һǶ𺳵ˣ˴˶һۺ󣬼ͬʱڵ峤ϱ촷ۣ
ֻǿΪҶһȭͬǳһ㣬ûһ˿˷ѵȫλ峤ϵϡ
屾ѾǴڳɵ״̬֮£Ҷ͹˿Ҷһȭ׵ĽڵһȫһգȻҲͬɳһ촷ۡ
峤ϣ鳾ĸ֣ȻҶ˷ǣ
֪ʵǣͶŵ˼£Ҳ޷£
ȭҶ̧ͷŷµЩ峤ϵġֻԼܹĸ׵³
λ峤Ҳ뵽֮ԻᱻҶַʽΪǸղŶ죬˵һҪҶúչĸף
ҶԲκĸף
ɱλ峤ϣҶɫû˿仯Ȼת׼彣ʹͻ忤
Ҹһᣬĸˣ˭˵ΪʲôҪץҾͷ˭һ
仰ͬĿɿڴĶصһ£ԭ󺺾ȻҲ֪֮ȻʲôıԼ˳
󺺣ʵǿı̬Ҳ쳣Ĵ
ͻλָղҲɵˣǶƬ֮УԶЩҪĶࡣ
ǲȻ峤ϣҶڻȭʱ˾Ȼͷųһ־޴ѹɽǸ
Ҷ⣬ĸ˵ʵжףԼ󺺵Ķ֣Էսûãͻ˻峤ʲôͶԷȥ
Ȼ˶Ҫ˵뷨ʵ̫ˣ˵͵Ҷˡ
Ƕͷô˵棬Ҳ˿ڡ
Ҷȫںǵӣվһλصħһ㣬ĿƽעˣȴǵĻش
ĸĲ֪ȡʱ򣬺ȻһϸҿԾǣΪǱ뽫ϵң
ͬʱ׳ĶҲͬ˰аĴֵܣʥʹˣ
ʲô
׳ɫɲ֮òҰޱȣʥʹǲǰ֮𣿡
ֶԿʥʹʱƽ֣Σ


1030 ʥʹ
нʮ֮УΪǱħǿм˽ƣֹ˽룬ȻǱеİȫҲȷǴı׶ˣľˮƽձƫ͡
ҶڣΪ֮£鳾űĸΪǿȻʵϲˣ֮У鳾ű֮ϻһ磬ˣ˼ָֻа벽֮ң
˵ʵȻԶԶˣȴ鳾űҪǿԿ޵е֮µ޵дڡ
ԻҽİаֵܣǶһ鳾űĸ֣Ȼ˵ʥʹȻ˸ȴҲǳη壬аϧҪֵ֣ƽҶϵ
ǰаĴ֮óʥʹȫߣƽ֣ٻֵܷһ
ֵܳƬ֮ӦҲֲֻ֪пܿʥʹ
аǻʲôϽųʥʹûг֮ǰΪǿ
Ȼаȴǲͬ⣺ڲУҲͬ죬ҹǺҲͻơ
˵ʲôʱ֣˵㣬ġ
ֵܣаϼ޻֮˼ϸ壬Ȼܵһʱ͵ϮҶʧ֮ʦʲ
ʹѾˣֻǲ֪Ⱦ䣬ܷͻ֮ҵʱ׼֡
ͻ֣ܹͻȻǶеǸеȲѣΪҲ֪ҶӦܹһУȻڼȻԷܹͽ˵˵ȷԼˡ
ֻǣԷδҲ̫ˣȻҪԼϵ
ٴ𣺡ǿɿˣǲͬĻҲŹǣʱȫ֮ɱ֮ɱǵ
ⷬǵˣԼûˣôͬʧȥ͸֮ˣܻȥԺ취
뵽忤ȵͷ彣ʹҲŵ˵ͷ
ҶĿʼͣǵϣȻĸ˵ͷĶǼΪ΢ȴӲĿ
ҶһǵͷӦǻشԼ⣬ô˼ͬʱͷбȻʲôԡ
ʱͻȻһƬ޴Ʋ֪Ʈ˹ס˴ա
δ⣬Ҷ̧ͷһ֮ʼմ䲻ڱɫ
ʲôƣڼƵĸָĳӶѻһɵģ
ЩӼгģҲдδģڶľۼһ飬ȴûз˿ֲġ
Ȼڰвݣ
Ҷɫı仯˵ע⣬˶̧ͷУһ£ȫסˡ
ͻȻ䡱һǶ޴ƺȻը˿ڼƵĸָĹƬ綼ӳյɫ
ָĳӣʼָе˴ųеĦŴǣոƬ˹
ˣ
ʲô壿ľ磬Ǹܹسǿ󵽱̬壿
ϻѵ𣿡
ôѪ磿֮ʧݲûκֵܹѵҲԸɱģ
֪ǵĻɱˡ
ҶɫѾָ򶨣˵ĶԻв΢΢һ¶һ˿ϲɫΪһϤʡľ磡
ľ̵Ĺ磬Ϊ˰γĪϱֺµļ٣̺ľ֮Լ󶼲ʧޣʱҶ״γ֣ҶӦǽ̸
ֻʱҶΪҶʧһʱ䣬ѾʧˣҶʼռûֻǱͻ˵ԼҪ
ֻо˲ܹ̣ԭҶ϶ҪǰľһС
ȻھȻľĳ壬ֻϧӣӦòԼѣԼĵˡ
Щĳһ𣬻۳һ޴ĳһɫ
ܽɫ֮ϽʢһɹɵɢЩӣȻӵʵ̫ˣҺηǰ̣ȻӲѹס˽⣬ɹĶѵ֮ϡ
ţһ֡ꡱĹ
ڼƵĳӾȻʼǵͣ򣬴ǣĸλʼոĽɫ
ֿɵǽĦ˻ƤٿЩѵһĳӣͷƤ顣
ҶǺ򶨣ǶһͻȻһ΢βɴݵĽɫȻҧһǡ
ոƵԴ֮𣬾ͻʧȥãⶸȻʼƬ򼴽ؼգ
ֵܣ׼ãһʧǾͳȥʥʹע⣬ǽСӴߣ
аֵܣԼû¶ĳʥʹƴ


1031 ֮
ҶпٵתͷѾ֪λʼû¶ĳʥʹʵ֮ǿȷʵǷ˼
ոɲͨͬʱ̺Ƶּ·ĿǰΪֹֻؼܹ֮ͻƣȻλʥʹƾųӾȻҧ˽ɫԼܷĶأ
ĿǰҶľǳأʵԿ鳾֣ȥзҲҲܺ鳾ֶ߱һеһߡ
鳾˱ϵĸ֣ԼĲǶ֣ƾ۾Ļܹ
ǰȻΪ壬ǼϳʥʹԼƳǿʼ׷Լ֣ͬʱֵĻԼܹߣôԼĸ׿¾Ҫץס
ҶѸ˾ĸߣ
뵽ҶȻ֣һס˶ĸ첲£ߣ
£һֻڿͻȻһӣӲռ˺ѣŶ죬˲С
˱ھЩӵ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻܹ˺ռ䣬֮С
ͻˣ֮ǼҪҲֻĿҶƾʧ
ˣ
䣡
ƺ֪ҶҪˣЩȻӿ˿ɵٶȣһ죬һɫϿʮŸɫҶҲ̺ȻջأĿռƿһɺ嫵̳
ͬʱӰӿһΧȺֵܺͰа
ͬҶĿģܹôߣ¶ģҪųʥʹ֮ǰȽҶ¡
ռһЩӲû̳Ҷ߷ɣٴ۳һƬƲʣڱա
ãѾҪ嵽ߵİаһǳʥʹĳ֮򣬸ķռһȥͳˣ
ڿǰӰȻֱӴ֮ܵϣֳ뿪ǲľɳ˰ȫ֮־ۼһ𣬾ӸµĸŽµϣѰҺʵĻᡣ
ͻ֣˿Ҳ˺׵ʲôˣȻǳʥʹʱ
˵ʵȻܹ󺺸׽ɱҲû뿪Ņ̀ͷۿſ۶ɵƬƣȴųʥʹҶɱ
ʱৡһʹߵĿռͻȻѿһѷ죬һִֻѷֱץסһʹһ˶ѷ֮С
ԼѾȫҶɵˣ¶ʱٴλ
ΧҲ޲Ȼ󺺵ĵʵ޿ɱ⣬ڱ֮򸲸ǵ£Ȼҳֹ
ˣ
ͻȻһ֮ڼƵĳĸָ㼯һγ˵ۿɼˣӿ·£ͬһƬ
֮γɣ
Ȼո϶ҪһЩǳ֮ҲǲС˶˵ʥʹó֮鳾űĸ֣Ӵ֮¡
ҶȻ֮УƬȻô͸ӳֻܼա
Ȼʥʹƺ׼סֻͻȻſͣһɫ壬ٶȼ죬ͬһһ˷
ֵǣЩǺһûκεĿԣǵٶȴﵽµʱ򣬾ȻʼȺʧˡ
̤棬˵ܹ̤֮գǿֱӽգʥʹҪλɱƳ
Ȼ֮еҶͻȻɫ徹Ȼգ˷Լ˹
һݣ
ԪˮʱɵͶͷϿգһˮǱҶһֻԾץ彣ʹ
ҶץǽΪɱҪĿбʳΪʲôҪԸ죡
һʹھͳ˻ӣ֮ۡ಻ϵ֮϶ʱЩһɸӣʹ໴У֮ԵڵأزΡ
ҶʱȻҲ˲ˣ׳ʥʹ뽫ԼƳȥһҧǰһȥ֮һ취ͻΧ׼ӣӵԽԶԽã
Ŀ󺺣ʵڲΪʲôðΣԼʲôˣ
а취Դ뿪϶С
Ҷ΢΢һΪѪʲôͷôңԼ߾Уڴ뿪ա
ҪһߣȻҲߣ
û˿ء
ҶвһůһЦãһߣֻһλᣬҪ೤ʱܹߣ
ʮ
ˣ
ৡһҶ˺գŶһٴγ˵ǰǵĳ֣Щ̤תع֮УһΧס


1032 Ѫ
ʼδ¶ĳʥʹƶҶ϶֮ӳһ¶棬ڶӾѾͬһ˳˹ȥ
һγֵĳӣһ͹ⷢͨɫǺڱʯһ⣬ȻҲָֻ׸ǴСֻۼһ𣬹ǷĽ;˻ǣĵãһ˸߹һˣһһ־쳣ԶΧ֮˶ܵ𶯣Ѫ
סҲûãһת׶һ͸κ塣
ҶͶ춼ڻԪˮı֮£ǻԪˮϾӡǹʵô
ҶʲôǶȴѾüͷ壬ԴҪըһʹȻҧأڰп̻Ѫơ
ĸʹ࣬Ҷŭڣ˫Щĳӣ˫鱧ţһɽȻ֡
Ѫ֮Ҷ⻹ǵһʩչսʱ䶼ǿŷѪǿֱӹ
һĻȻΧ˵𾪣۳ɽʲôսҲ̫ǿˡ
Ҷֽ̧ɽӵУȺȻһɽ峯ųȺȻȥ
䣡
һ죬ɽųȺݺݵҽ˵棬ؾ𶯣ֱӱҳһ޴ӣ̳ա
˶Ϊɽ϶гӶҳʱͻȻ֮ٴδˡˡ
Ҷڵ˶Ŀ¶𾪣ѵǿĹûܹɱЩӣ
ţѾһɽʼҡƬ֮󣬾촫
¡
ɽը˿±֮м˷ȥ뷢Ƴ졣
ˣ
֮УղűɽҽصЩӣȻ˵ȫٴη˳
ʲôӣȻô򣬶Ͻղ֮˰ɣ
㻹ɶˣֳӾͽнճ棬弫Ϊǿܺ;Ʒ࿹⣬ֻΪû뵽ʥʹȻôࡣ
ɱӦ׶༪˰ɣ
۵ʱֻճѾҪҶͶߣҶһ۶죬ָ΢΢ÿһλڿдһʺɫ·޹Σȴ̺һϴ֮
Ҷĸڿ̻·Ҫ򿪿ռ֮ţޱȵľȣĸײľ磬ô·ѵĸҲһλţ
ô˵ĸȻû·Ŀ̻Ҷ뻹ҪΪԼȡʱ䣬ոͬʱ˫ͬʱһһңŽճ˹ȥ
䣡
Ű죬Ũ̹춼ϺɫĻ⣬ռ䶼յĳֳŤضʼۻˣһͨҺ壬˳ȥͬ۽һ㡣
ܽ鳾ֻĻ棬Ըճ棬Ӧǲκˡ
ˣ
Ȼ֮У֮ȴδʧǣ˵ɫһٱ䣬ճʵֲ̫ˣղ޵ˣ
ֻճٴδгʱ򣬶ͻȻڵ׼ãߣ
Ҷһ⣬ŲƶͬһͻȻ˻֮ǰһץֱס˶ԷĲӣӲĽֿ缲˻ص˶ߡ
޲ɵˣʱ˿̣ҶȻûһλ鳾űĸ֣ǲ۲۵ķ˰ɣ
ʱѾѪƵĿ̻һƬʺɫ·
Ѫ죬Ű֮֮ڵĿռһӻ˿ռǱһƲ߱Ť£Ǳ߱˺м仹һ޴ĺڶзųЩȺ׷˽ȥ
֮ƬǳΪ˻֮أģ壬ӿΣʺɫѪ⡣
֮£κ˵ийۣ۾䣬ӣʶʶ޷Ƭһȫȫµ硣
ѪƵң̻ܿѪƲǱɽһǣôܹѪȫ̻ôһֲľȫ޷
ס
춪ҶһʯҶ֪ţҲһԼţ˿ռ֮ţ롣
ҶһȻ忤Ĳӣ
ৡѪҶͶ˳ĴƬ֮ߣѪȴûʧȻͷǿ񱩵޷
Ⱥ֮У˳òѪƣ֪ˣǸŮһѪˣѪֻ峤һѧϰ϶ѪĴС㶫죡
ѪС㣿塢ͻΪʲôҪץ
꣬¸ƨǾ͵û
ߣ
۷׷׵ʱһȻȻ󣬵ȴӲ񷣬ͬһ㣬ÿ˵ĶС


1033 Ӳ
ѿӴзɳγӲųƶ״۳һΡ
γ뿪֮ɢ¶һ
˺ȻǸŮʮͣͬˮܽһ㣬޹
ֻ۵ȴû˿ı飬Ȼղ߾ǴĿзġ
˽ڳմĶŮ֮˻عòǳʥʹɣ
֪˼ʥʹĿӦþˡ
˵֮ɫŮתȥɨһȦ֮ͻȻ¶һ΢Ц
һЦǣ
˸ոջعĻǣΪЦݶٴηɵ˾⣬ȫɵɵԭء
ȻɫŮſһеЩȫ£ٴһƬƲʣŮ𣬳ſзȥ
ͬʱҴ彣ʹжһѾҾˣסղǵЭҽ֮ȻȥҪ
ʹһ̧ͷһŽɫŮѾ֮ԽȥԽԶ
ȻǳʥʹᣬҼֱͬŮ·̫ˡ
ղųЦˣûЦˣ
ʲôЦǳЦ
һȺæʱһȺͽϴϱȴ⡣
λɱ񾿾Ǻηʥʵʵ̫ǿˣһߣɱ֣ܴӳ֮аȻߣ
˵ˣɱȻȴѪСʩչѪƣô˵ǳ׽ˣǸղǸڶپ˳ǧֻӰɣ
̤棬нճ棬ǳѪѪ壬Ǹɱ֮䣬Ҳǲ֮ˡ
ѪҪˣǱ塢ͬʱΧּ˸塣
꣬˵ǻǸϽ߰ɣʥʹ϶ȥ׷ȥˣû׼ܿ֡

ҶͶھ˵ش֮ңһɽ֮г֣֮󣬶ڵĴŴȻ̻Ѫ·˵һΪķ顣
ҶͳŵҩݸǰϽµҩﻹȫ
룬ͨ˵ȷԶǶЩ˵˲估
ȻҲ֪㣬ֽӹҩ£Ҷȴǳô˹ץŵλѾҪĻ忤ӵ˵ϡ
Ѫ֣İϧ˵ǰҶڣֱӾͿʼʩչ꼼鿴λꡣ
һԵĶȻҶȻƾгһȲѣ𾪵ȴҶֳѪ⡣
ļ֮УƺֻѪʩչս߹֮ʱϻѪ֣ȻҲҶۡ
İϧܿͽ忤еĶ˵˳
塢ѾͨѪ֮еļλ峤׼һѪ塣
ȻҶͶ춼Լµ㣬Ǵ˿ȻеԾǶ죬ǣԼļλ徹Ȼ年ᡣ
Ҷ뿪˵ɫȴǶȻһ䣬æİϧͻѪһƻл忤ͬʱһֻһ𶫷ߣˣ
ٴҶʩչ˼ޣͬһʡ
Ȼ֮ˣȴǽ׷ᣬΪҶŶ죬ٶܵƣ޷˦׷ʶ̴֮׳ʿſԼ߰ɣץңҶôġ
ҶͷҲصĴǰڸǺģɲˣǸʥʹмʵӦ鳾ű侳ĸ֣û´ĻΪҶ
΢΢һԥһµ׳ʿȥҲǰ취ѪâɽɣֻҪܹ뵽ѪâɽķΧ֮ڣǾͰȫˡ
µ񣬶Ҳ˲ϱ¶ˣҶѾ֪ԼѪˣټҪϻѪ壬شϢԼĸס
ãҲѪˣ֪Ѫâɽġ
仰öһΣĺѯһҶ
ڶ׼ΪҶָѪâɽλõʱҶͻȻͣ£Ŷ촫Ӳˣһǣһߣ
Ҷ£ܵĿռ֮ͻȻâȿռ֮ţ
ҶȻʵﵽ鳾Ϊû·޷ռ֮ţ׷Щˣȴ鳾űĸֻ֣Ҫ̽ŵλãܴ򿪿ռ֮ţٶȱҪĶ࣡
ܹ߸ˣȿռ֮˳
߸˷ֱ׳һ¹ӣһɫŮԼ죬˰޵Ĺˣ


1034 
߸վһ𣬻۳һֲϢǵأƬն·Ҫ޴ѹҶͶȫ֡
߸ˣȻֵܣаʥʹ˰ʵҲ鳾ű֮οһλ˵ĳʥʹ
λͬʱΧ峤Ҳеѹ޴󣬸˵Ҷˡ
Ҷֻһ˵Ļ̫ģȻ򲻹ԼҲܰȻˣǴԼûˡ
ҲɻЩȻѾԼѪ塢ͻˣ˳ʥʹľ磬һ֪ôΪʲôҪԸԼأ
ѵ֮
Ҷ˲٣ʵ˵ֻһǾǾ죬ȴ֮⣬ĳҶǺ;ǧ˿Ƶϵ
߸ͬһȻޱ飬Ŀ֮ȴ͸һֺε̰Ҷǿһֻ׸һ㡣
ͬʱֵҲںͰааôҲˣô죿
аɫĵӦǳʥʹˣټϱɵôֻĳӣһŭ֮λ
ʵˡ
ǰаֵո˲䣬׼ȥҶģû뵽ʥʹžó˳֮ǲòٴߣȻûעǣǳʥʹȻˡ
ҶʶǣЩ˾֮䣬˴˼䶼ʶԳʥʹһˣͲµǵĿģֶԸԼҲλ
Ȼ߸иĿģĿǰǵĿȴһµģǾҶ
ҶͬĿޱ飬ȴ˼żƲߣؼǱҪ֤Լĸ׺˵뿪⼸ǲܵ顣
ʱаȶžɫŮˣʥʹǸƾᣬǺɱС֮ƽ֣
аһ۲ţ֪֮£Щǰ˵ĸƾ豾ᣬ˭ҲǳʥʹĶ֣óʥʹȥԸҶҲ൱
ʥʹһ˫ͬˮ۾ɨһȦһЦʵұĶҪֻҪϵһ
ҶһãȻ׶Է˼ȻȴȻףɫһ˴˶һ֮λҡͷʥʹǸղŵԼϵжҪƽֵģȻҲڡ
Ȼʥʹǰ˵ʵ鳾űϣҲԺһս֮λʵͶ߹ͬ׵֣ټһͬԴͬЭԲаηʥʹ
ֵҲǽŵʥʹȻˣļֵԱҪˡǲܴӦ
ңֻ죬֮Ҳа˵ĸ֣漰˹ؼ⣬ֵҲǲã˴ӼҸԸʥʹˡ
ֻааɣȫƾԼ֮ڳƬ֮Լ̬ȵ֪޷õֻҪ˭ӦҵҪҾͺ˭
ǰаĴ֮޷ڳᣬ˶ΣֻҪո
߸˿˼ԼηԼϵĶҶɫԽԽ䣬ȴҲ棬ԼϾȻܹôֵע⡣
ҶȻЦôѾҵ֮ˣϵıǣ˭ҪĻã
һЦһҶ
һҶֳڣҶɫ̶䣬˵һɫâȻգͬһ˹ȥ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶڱְΧ¾Ȼȳ֣⵨δҲ̫ˡ
ʵǶˣҶ͵ϮΪҴ󺺷֪ʵ֣׼
ҶԼĸױǼȻ˵Լ֣ų֣ӲĽĻϡ
ﬣ
Ҵ󺺵гһѽɫꪣ䲻ݷ֮ʵסҶĹⱬȻһͷ
Ȼûб˵Ǳ÷˫֣ȴҴҲðһ亹ҿԼӦ죬ȻĻѾˡ
Ҷջػ긫ɫĵȰǻǵȵɱ֮ȥƽϵĶɣ
£ҶȻӳ˷Ѫ죬Ҳһˣʮ˸ˣ
ӻûн˸סֵܡ
ʥʹͰаӦ죬ڿӳֵһ̣Ѿ
Ҷ߶棬;ڷӿ˲޽鳾űĸְ
ͬʱҶ˫鱧ţһֻ޴ĽɫϻʣȻŰаȥ


1035 һ
ҶȻ뺷Ȼͬʱַ˲Ĺסˣһˣ͵ɫΪˣǰĴָ
ܿϧҶԵĲһ֣Ѿվн۷Ķ֣ټҪһĶãǷѪ컹սϻ긫϶Ҫ˲١
аοˣͬʱ˫Ƽƶǵ̤Ҫǿ
ܼ꣬ռ䶼ƿգɫ޻Ǳǧٿףغһڿըֱӻޡ
ͬʱڷѪҲԷŭÿ˵ͷֳһͷŶĸɫǿͬһ㣬廤סŰҲʱ첻κεӰ졣
ʥʹȻЦһаȻˣҴӦ⼸Ӷ㣬һҪңΣ
ã
аӦķǳʹ죬ʥʹ𣬴֮оȻֻӣ۳һƬƣҶӵȥ
Ҷ˦Ԫˮ커סԼһԾ˷֮һȻ˳֮УһֻȴǻӡȻŰаȥ
ûа취ַֻסˣȻĻаͳʥʹеκһˣɱ졣
Ȼͼùϼ޻İа
аЦһںȻֳһһģһԼŶɱ˹ȥ
Ҷһʱŭһ֣˫һ꣬һѪɫ󹭳ϡ
£һ֧ѪɫʸȻͬһ㣬һﳤʮ׵Ĺβ֮ƣŰаķȥ
һҶԥȫʸâɣƿХ֮ռ䱻˺һ޴ѷ죬ƾ춯ء
飡
ʸ׼ȷ˰аķҽжֱӾͱѿһƬ
һ鳾űֵķ
Ҷһλʦ֣ľѧżеĵһ
Ծż䴩죬֪һ֮
ȻⲢǰаˣֻĳǱУȴҲͬܣһ˲ή˼֣һŭ
Ҫɱ㣡
ŭ֮£аٴγ߸һģһķŶ˹ȥ
ҶȻ鼱֮żּʸΪҶսûĴ󹭣һҲûһ
ȻаȻʩչ߸ɱԼĸףʱ׻δָٴǿд󹭡
ڵҶȺİΧ֮£ȫԸаȻͺ˳ӵвֻꡱһһֻͬһ㣬ҶһѪۡ
ҶȻǾһͬʱҲǻ⣬Ҫʸ֮ͻƳӵİΧȥɱа
ȻѪĳӣʱӵķʼǰ̵ҶָĹ
ЩӶǺ棬е鳾ĸֶҺֱӽ棬οڶۼһҶ޷ͻΧ
ˣȫϵڶϣҶԼȫʹڲ״̬֮£ǿ֮˲Ѿ˺ۣѪ졣
˵ĻھѾˣϾ֮еǴо綾
Ҷǵûе£ȻӲӸ£ѵȴǰüԶ
飡
ʸٴһ촷ۣȻȴѾ˶ߣͬʱ֣Ŷץȥ
ס֣
ʱһͬӰ޴ȻͬʱɫӰӾǹһ˶ܡ
飡
ײ֮𣬾޴ͬ˳죬ӲĽа˳ȥ
˶һߺȻʮһµʿ
ҹˣ
ʮΧһȦ쵲м䣬һʿ𣬳˵ǰ
һòߣһ˫۾ͬһâ䣬һɨ˺󣬳ڵλҰҹĹͣ
аʱסҹ֮У˿Ѫ壬ǹȻ֣ҶͶĹͣǵ˼Զ׼Ҫסǡ
аٴҲһȥͬҹ忹⣬οͳ˼ܹסԼķ˵Ķ鳾ĸ֣˵λߣʵԼҲֻ߲͡
һʱ֮䣬аû⣬תͷ˳ʥʹȻһ֮£ȴ𾪡
ʱĳʥʹȻʧȥ˻һһžɫ֮ϣ˾ȣ˷ܣ֮ɫһ˫ˮĶҶ촽ţظĸ֡ż


1036 תìͷ
Ҷڵȫ񶼷Լĸ׵ϣ˲ûע⵽ʥʹ쳣
ҹȻҲˣǸô£ȻҲȥᣬֻǿŰаͳʥʹλûĻôҾͽλʹˣ
һ£̾ʿҶ
ʱΪʥʹ״̬ʱûٿƳӣʿ׵ľͽҶ˳
ҶҲû˿Ŀܣ˼Լĸ׵ߣʱ·Ѿ鲼˺ۣѪ߰ߣĿġ
䵱쿴ҶĲ״ʱͷûɵķһۣܲ˵ӭǰȥҶסеʵô
ҶӲԼĳ֮ϼһЦݣҡҡͷû¡
Ȼ£˫һգ˹ȥ
һ¶ʱŻˣæҹߵǰôˣǲ̫ˣǰ
һɨҶüͷ΢ӦǱ涾ڣûܹ涾ҩֻгʥʹнҩڲʱ뿪
ʵҶȷûʲô󰭣ЩӽЯľ綾Ҷڡ
ҶȻǰٶ֣ЩӶǴͷͷųĶǿޱȣѻһ𱬷Ҷԡ
ҶĻԣѪͻԪˮΪʧȥ˵ĲٿأҲȫâ·Ҷ塣
һֵܶ˴˶һ֮ǰҹ˸Χ
ȻǱڻ֮УıټҶûȫػǸûܵʲô˺緢Ҳ֪
ôã˵жǻʮ㣬׷ŹҶ
һ羪ףҹˣСӣǿԷ뿪ȻƼǣ˭Ҳˡ
âһûǰҹﰡ
ʮʿͬʱ̤ǰһҲΧһȦҶͶ챣м䣬ÿ϶ɱ¶ʱ׼֡
ЦŵطǰҹˣҲӣǽ죬ԲУ˵ѵΪˣĻǰҹëǣȺԽѪ̤Ϊƽأ
ɲΣȻ˸֮࣬иǲޣʥ޺ᣬĻȻ˵̤ƽѪ磬Կҹ塣
۸ڶֻǿߣһŲܣܹסǵĳǿ߳棬ȻĻеһ𷢺ʩ
вҹͬǲΪǷ峤ҪҶذҹ壬ԼȥҲҪҶ뿪
ϻˣЦһͷ֮ϸֳһɫ޶Ҫץɱǣ
ɱɱ
һУȻ֣ɫëǵأ貹âһ޵һŰҹ˸Ƕȥ
ҹ˿ţԵͷ֮ϳһɫӰצ²ʮӰڿл۳һɫĶƣޱ߼ʣԼλס
ﬣ
ײںɫ֮ϣʱܼͬս޶ȴ޷͸ơ
λ˴һŸʲôϽ֣
ʣµֵܣаǲٵ֣Ȼʱ޴ġˡһƬͻȻǵӿ˹˽ɫë֮С
꣡
˵Ŀ֮ɲ֮䣬ͽëɵĸɸɾӶʣ¡
ȻŭȻתͷ˳ʥʹʥʹʲô˼
ʥʹѾлعٴʧȥеı飬ֺ˪ȻղŵĹٿسӷġ
˶벻ͨΪʲô׼ԸҶĳʥʹôᷴҶתתìͷ׼ˣ
ֻаа¶˼֮ɫȴҲ벻ͷ
ʥʹŲڼƵĳ۳ɵĳƣֻ׵ͬɳɵĳᣬĿĿŰҹ˵Ǵ뿪ｻңһ󣬾Ǵתһ£ҽŰݷãмҪ̡
Ȼ˶׳ʥʹĺ«ﵽʲôҩǴʱ˿̣ܹ뿪ڰҹ˵ȻõĽ΢һһͷһתҶǷӦҾ޷ˡ
һģ˵йẓ̇
ãһͷͳԼ˵ߣ
Ȼһץסߵĸ첲òʵǰǰ˵ʲô֣
Ŀ˶һۺ˵Ҷ


1037 
ʮҹʮƥö쵥һƥߴҶһƥǶȴַҪҶһƥðҹ˵ɫеŹ֣ҲǿֻܴӦ
ҶͶ커룬һʮ뿪ǵ󣬳ʥʹó˳֮һ֮ס鳾ű֮ĸ֣Ϊȡʱ䡣
ںҹ˵ɫ˫§ȻڻԲ״̬µҶɫӣаٸнۿ΢΢졣
Ҷ
̫ϤˣΪҶƷɹͬµ֣ȡĸ֮ս϶ɣʮÿÿʱÿ̶߶֣˼ֵˡ
Ȼ죬ȻĵҶ
ǰҹһڽҶ֣ǲ뵽һƣȻҶе̫ԶĸĵĸӦȴ϶ªŴβϧգԼˣԼӣ
㶼ôˣˣ˵жɣʵҵպ㸸׵뵽ģԲˣ
һ·֮Ͽжڷȥ߶⼸仰̫ľϲԴȻڹȿܵ״̬֮£ҹΪ֮Ȼ˭Ҳ뵽ͬʱԿ塢ĳ󺺣ȻѪСĶӣҲ˵ҶѪ峤Ե
Ȼҹ崦ڰӵ״̬ǶѪƺͶ̬ιעģȻ֪ѪڵĴ˵Ϊ˻׼Ѫ飬ΪҲҹ壬ϣҹҲУ֮Ѫ塣
ҹܱԸ뵽鵱УҸؼǣҲŰ취ֲѪĵѷ죬ϾˣԶȻܾ
Ȼûм룬ǰҹҲʮѪʮǺͶǰһȫȫ⸨峤ôҪѪѶȼ󣬿ʮ֮оȻϵ壬ϣ֣֮һ֧ôɾ׶༪ˡ
Ͼһ֧Ѿʽ΢ǿ֮ĩһ
ǣҶλ峤ǿƳ֣ȴѪǵļƻпܻ֤Ѫȥ
ȻЩǰҹ·ģ龿ηչҶܷо֮ƣѪΣ֮УĿǰ˭Ҳ޷ֻ֪о䡣
ҹԶսȦ̴֮򿪿ռ֮ţ룬ʽ˰ҹĴӪ
û˻뵽ҹĴӪȻǽڵ£ڿһɽɽ¹ĽһС͵ĳС
һУ춼ûκεķӦֻԼĶӣֱվǰβŽѹ
ʲôǰ˵ʲô
ƺܹᶫ˿̵飬ûظŵ˵ҹѵҶо綾Ϊܹס뽫뱾أҽʦ鿴ܷ⿪֮
ҪöҶֿǾɱ˶죬Ҳῴ漰ԼӵٲԸ⣬ȴҲòͷ£һδڣѾǰҪȻĸʧɢʮ꣬òײء
˵ѾĵͷģɲѪ֮ˣǰҹ֮䣬˵ҲżĹϵһȫεġ
ȻѾڣֻǵͷٴһҾס
߱Ҷ壬һɽŮ԰ҹ˹ȥϢ
ɽһƬû˿Ĺֲָ״Ǹ«һСԽԽ󣬽Ű̧֮ͷڡ
ߵļΪﲻ죬ΪÿһĽ¶ḡֳһƬɫķ·Ļ֮̌󣬺ɫ·̾ͻʧȻҲǱ鲼ƣֻҪ̤һͿٲ֮ء
ںڰɽ֮н֮ŶȻͣ£峤ҽҶˡ
ڰ֮Уһôˣ
峤˳ʥʹĳ涾
ŶȻͳʥʹǰȥѵʥʹûΪǣ
ûУ˳ʥʹ֮⣬ڳĻλֵܣԼаǾѪ磬ƺѰĳЩ֣ʱǽҶΧҶһ֮סֵܣʥʹͰаʥʹƺҲʶҶˣҴΪת˵гһŰݷãѯҶһЩйż顣
żҺ˵


1038 ̫֮
˵ĸ֮󣬺ڰһƬţ֮ٴ𣺡ˣ׽һλ࣬ʵĪ⣬ҿţµֻ޹һսųҪй䴩죬żģôҶȻż
֪ǲżǸϵʱǿ۳ɹаķ
а鳾ű֮һ䴩ķʵȻɲ⣬ѵûʩչӰս𣿡
ûУ
֪ˣ㽫°ɣ
ԽҶŵϣԥһµ峤һһҪ档
ʲô£
ҶǰģѪ峤֮Ů죬ҶܿǶŮ
ʲô
ҹ峤Ȼߣޱߵĺڰռһֻ֮ɫӰͬһȻߺҶߣצ
ͻȻֵڶӰӣɫ䣬ϰΪȴ̲סһ̾Ϣ
ӣ峤ҲѾ峤ĺ󳾣
ҹ峤ڵĴڴ𵴵ĺڰռ𽥵İҲٴ𣺡֪ˣȥɣ˳ȥС⣬޳סԴСǶһʲô⣬̷Ϊ峤Ұҹδϣ
Ϊҹ޳Ȼ̧ͷ˫֮дܳһ⣬޾ڰ֮е峤㡭
ȥɣ

ҹ޳˳ȥ뿪ɽ̴֮ǰУŵȥһ·ؿһɫ·ķ֮ǰſվ߹̫ϳϣ
Сôˣ
ҹ洫ʹĺֱ֮ʧӦǳɹһ롣
ҹ޳ϲɫżʱ䣬Ѿɹһ룬̫֮Ȼ鴫򿪽ƣҽȥ
̫ϳСģ
֮ͬʱܳһӰֱϵЩɫ·֮ϣҽģӰӾȻ·״ֱ·ȫغϡ
ǣ
һת߻һķ϶ͣסһĿĹ˳
ڵµİҹ˵ֹȻе㲻Ӧ̫ϳҹ޳̲ס۾վƬ֮ͷ֮ҲԾһӰӴķ϶֮д˽ȥ
ֻвƽѣڷ֮ȴǶͬҹһʯͷÿʯͷɢĿĹâôʯͷһ𣬽ռյͨһƬ
֮ҹĿϥ
ҹ޳ĺӰܹٵĻ˿һĿɿڴӣתͷܣ̲סӿзһѵеӰӶںˣɲǳɹһ룬ȫɹ˰
ȻܵͣǱĿҹȴȻ۾˫֮оȻһƬڣڶһ㣬Ĺâ۵һ̣ʱƺй˫ۡ
ţҹ޳͸оһɼԼӰɼľȻȥ
ʧɫӰӶʱʼǧ򻯣ʼȻĵֿͽ͵ģƾα仯ҹȴԽԽܿ˫еĺڶ
鼱֮£ҹ޳Ȼ뵽ʲôһߺҶˣ
ৡһҹһʧ۰𽥻ǹȻҲǵȻ޴棬ֱ˵ĺڰ׷ĴۣתȦ֮ҹʹӵһĶϲĵҶˣأ
ҹ޳Ҳ˲ϻش𣬼æһŷ죬Լ壬˫ųһ
Աλ߼״æѯʣ̫ϳϣôˣ
ҹ޳һ죬˰ֵûʲôСѾȫɹˡ
Ҳ˼˵Լλ˶ֻа벽֮ңİҹ嶥ǿߣС˱֮Ӱ
ʲôȫɹżʱ䰡߾Ľе
ҸղŽȥеӰӶûˣ϶Ǳɹںϣ㿪ţҰҹ̫֣֮߹ٴξ졭
˵ҹ޳Ȼġ¡Ӳ˻ȥΪ뵽Ҷ
ûҶûҶѪ֮ĹϵôҹܹŰҹ£СҶ𾴺׽¾ɱҲҪȥҶŸɡ
ô˵ҹλ̫֮壬֮дʣ
ŻȻ򿪣ҹ˳˫ȴͬǳ貣ҹ޳޳үүҶ𣿡
ˣҹ޳ٴһ죬ԼҶԼûˣ
ҹϲĽг޳үүȥ
ڲУжˣ峤峤ڰҽأ
ʲôҶжˣ
ҹ϶ȻĺӰһɲŭ˲˿


1039 Ӱ
Ҷת˹۾ͬʱȴ˲סΪǰһƬڵĻԼǲǻΡ
ʱһͻȻ𣺡ˣ
ҶȻվĿ磬ӲΧһ֮ڵķΧǸǰҹ峤ڵ״̬е⣬ܲܲҪйâ
Ҷ˲Լ֮ǰ飬ԼȷǱҹ˴ˣĵԼĸ׵䣬ʵǸһŮأ
ƽ£ڰҹС
ô֪ҵĸףҶһ㶵
˵ǲԣǲ֪ʵҵ˵˳̾Ͳ³ݡ
ʲô
Ҷٴһĸ׾ȻѾ֪ԼˣûйԼûʵ飿
峤ٴ𣺡Ҷֵܣܲ鷳Ƚе⳷ȥҵ״̬˼⡣
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮䣬Ѿʧ
л
峤СǷ̫֮壿ȻҶѾȫָȻʼС
ҶֵܹģСȷѰҵ̫֮壬Ѿɱ崫Уһҷ⣬ͻΪ峤ֻףҲϣҶֵܹչˡ
ðСѪ֮һİҹ峤
仰ʵ̫Ҷϣ뵽峤ԼϨâͬʱ˵Լе⣬ﲻһ峤ǲʲô⣿
ҶֵѾˣΪ飬ҾҶֵܿڵӰɣҶֵܣһ㡣
ҶԥǰͻȻһŹâһݵͬƤһУΪǣߵļྐྵȻһ𲻶ĺɫӰӣǳԴһ
Ҷʶ㣬ҹ峤ӣҲһ鲻Խǣ
âɢǰһƬڣҹ峤ĿЦҰҹ峤ҪģΪӰ壬ֻӰռҵԴ֮ʱұ֮ʱ
ҶȻ֪ʲôӰ壬ܹ³һ峤ŵҶֵܣ֮ðΪ˵ҲӰս
µҶҲϣͷ֪峤һ϶֪ΪʲôӰս
ף˵׼ȽҰҹʷ㡣
Ҷ˵
ҹ峤ĬƬ̺ſڵҹұǸ۵С壬ȻҲߣǲǿ󡣡
ʮ֮ǰҹʼԵɺ֮£һλˣλΪ𣬱㴫һ֮Ӱޣ
Ҷ𶯣ʮǰʱӰ֮ʱпܣҹҵȵǸ˾Ӱأ
ӰޣҶֵҲӦͨӰ磬Ϊ޷Уλֻ̫֮ӰȡһֻǿҹʼѪ֮УһպҹҺ˶Ӱޡ
µ˾ͽˣǸ˵һ仰һֻ̫֮ӰҹҴӴ֮ʳǣֻ̫֮ӰɱҼ己ٲʢֻ̫֮Ӱҹһ죬ưһ磡
ȻȻбףһֻֻ̫֮ӰѪʲô󰭣ǿֻôͻʵﵽ鳾ű֮ʱпܱ̫֮Ӱǿж壬һᣬɣ
ʱʼû鳾޷飬㰧ˣֻ̫֮Ӱȫǿ룡
ҶѾװҹԭˣȻȷǿʢΪһȴ峤˲ʹĴۡ
Ӱ壬ֿɲӾ֪ԼΪʹࡣ
ҹ˭Ҳܹ֣˭øǿ˭Լļܹأ֮飡
ҶȻ뵽Сպİҹ峤æʵѵСҲôһ죿
˵ֻǽΪͻ鳾ű䣬֮ܲܰӰܹ֮࣬һģֻ̫֮壡
֮򵥣ȴǼѣҶüͷƬ̵峤ǰǲңûа취Խǰҹʹࣿ
ǵģҹ峤ϣʮҰҹĵһܹʩչӰսˣ
ҶȻʵλ˽ʲô֣
Ӱأ
ҶѾµȻⲻ˴Ϊ𶯣ȻӰأλӰɵۣʵĿˣȻܹǿ̫֮Ӱ壬Լĺ˱ޱǿⶼΪˣ
ȼС
ں̫֮ӰɹĻ֣ܳ
ʲô
ҶƶȻǣޱѪⱬ俪ӳڰռ䣬ðҹ峤ӰҲ¶Ѫ֮С
ҹ峤ȻһΪѵ³ĸ֡
Ϩ𡭡Դ
ৣ
ҶǰȻһֻ峤ͷӰѾһһҵĳԼ˳һɷɱɽХ㣬ӿضΪ֮


1040 ҪЮ
ӰӳȻ˾ɱ⣬ǿҶоëðһɹɵĺ⣬ǲʹȫɱ֮¡
̫֮Ӱǿ˹
ʱһЩ۵ıͻȻ洫ס֣
һССӰͬ񱼶룬ͬǰҹ޳Ǳֱ룬˫أȻڵһƬɫ·ȴ˿ûôգ֮Ҷǰ
ͦȣСС֮жȻӰӭѾҪ嵽ҶǰӰ
һͬǺ֮ںڰĿռ֮𣬹ޱȡ
ৣ
Ƭ֮ʧӰԹλǸССӰҲһҶĸ첲ĵҶ壬û°ɣ
ȻѾں̫֮ӰҹĹҶͷһů⣬ԴСû£أоΣ
Һܺðҹ̧ͷ˫緱ǣϴ˷֮ɫԼСȭͷҶ壬ڻ۸Һүүһȭܽ򵹣

Ҷһ֮תͷȥٴοڰ֮УȻ˼֣峤㲻˵ֻֻ̫֮ӰΪʲôֻСҲأ
̫֮ӰܹҷѣϵֻǷѳģСϵĲϵֻ̫֮Ӱ
ԭôһ£ڰҹÿ峤Ҫǰ峤̳ںֻԭʼ̫֮ӰһĴȥŻðҹʼմǿ״̬
СүүҲ̫֮ҹȱϣı䰵ҹÿ峤ֱҵˣϧǣΪ̫Ըʧܣҹ̳̫֮壬Ϊ˰ҹµϣ
ΪʲôҪôСں̫֮Ӱ
Ұҹߣңֻں̫֮Ӱܹģֲѷ졣
ҶȻһ󣬶ʱȻ̫֮Ӱڸĵ£񲻾ǵˡ
ѹκθֶ޷뵽ģΪ̫֮Ӱػ˵鳾űˣҲҪɵ֣ҹΪ̫֮壬ں̫֮ӰģͿԲ˺пֲѷ죡
ģ
ҶкȻһӰشģôܷڻָ壬أ
ֻҪӰܹ֣ôܶ鶼ӭж⡣
ԭҶ׼ӰصĴڸ߰ҹ峤ģȻòŰСǿں̫֮ӰΪҶʮַ߿ʱʲô˵
˼峤ȻӰսȴûа취ϵʹ࣬ûʲôµĻȸˣСߣ
Ҷ׼ת뿪ʱ򣬰ҹ峤ȻһȻ̾ҶֵܣȻѪ峤ôҾмбҪ֪
Ҷͣ˽ŲȴûпѯʣȻԼ⹫ûкøУץԼĸ׵飬ȴµѪĴ²Ҳ⣬Щ£Űҹ峤ȷ֪ıԼϸ
ûǴĻһ֮Ѫÿһεļᣬڻ֮ϣλ峤ͻ⹫ѣ峤֮λĻôһкð죬ĻôȺ壬ͻͻĹѪâɽӦϣѪһ֧
ⷬҶдΪ𾪣Űҹ峤˵ʵ
ԼʵҲѱ֮жһϢ˵һҶˣϴдд˵еһԶй֮½жѪ㣬ӦѾмλˣ
ǰҹ飬֪Ҳǿ϶ڰҹ㣬һ뿪ôҪȺ鳾űϵĸ֣
ҶԺ֮лһ磬еˣֲʲôʥʹаԼԭΪԼϵ
˵¾еʲôԶйˡ
Ҷ뵽˭ɢϢģλԼ׷ɱ˰֮úߵؼ֮⣬ٲڶ룡
ؼ֮ԼǺ֮ǣϧմԽ֮УΪ˰̫֮Ӱľ˻ѪΣͬʱҲˣ޷׷ɱҶԸɴųЩϢǰɱҶᱦ
Ҷֵܣ㣬Ѫ壬Ѿʽ΢ѱܹҰҹİǶɹѹأֻҪҪܿڣҰҹԻҶȫԺúÿһ£
ҶһЦ峤ҪЮ𣿡
ԲӣҶֵܣСо֮Ұҹ¶Ǹм㣬ȻԹˡ
СҲҶҶ壬峤˵Ķ԰
Ҷ΢΢һЦӴͬһŰֶֽ֮թ
Ҽסˣһúÿǵģл峤
ҶСո߳ڵɽѾһҹغҶʥʹڵ


1041 Ҷүү
ҶڳʥʹǰѰԼеԾϾʱѾ״̬һ֪ҹ޳Ը֮²Ȼ
żһλʦ˵ʶӦòʥʹϳż֮󣬾ȻϧŹңתìͷҶԸˣ˵ض֪йʦֵĳЩ顣
һҶ;λʥʹȻԷĳʮͷۣҶҲǶ֣ҶԼ϶ܹȫˡ
Сҹ޳֮Ҷڰҹ˵Ĵ£뿪˵£˵֮ϡ
֮󣬺ȻﾹȻһƬڣҲǰҹ˹Ϊ֮ΪľǻĿ޷֪ҹ֮ء
ʥʹ£ƮƮٷʼհɳ棬ȥͬŮٷһ
Ҷʥʹӭȥϻ˻ż˷ܵɫƺ˲֮ǰҪɱҶȡϵж
Ҷ֣
ҶҲǼǳ֮ˣȻԷɱԼǺҲȷԼо֮ЦŻʥʹ
ʲôʥʹһƺѣ壬ҶֲĻɺ塣
Ҷûô죬Ҳͳʥʹʽ飬ͷֱ˵йżҪѯң
һ⻰¶һ˿֮ɫǵģҶ֣䴩аķõż𣿡

ϰżģ
Ҷ赭дĵһλѽ̵ġ
ȻҶ׼ϸ˵£ԥһºҶ֣ʵż֮ˣʥĸ֮
ⷬ˵ҶΪ𶯣ԭԼλʦ࣬ȻͳʥĸǷޣ
Ҷɫصʵ˵Ŀ滰
Ҳ֣µĵʵ
Ź忴֮ҶĻ̬ȻҲ˲٣¿ڵżҵõĹеҺͿ֮ˣҲ֮Ĺϵ¸Ƿ˼ҵһλʦ֣
ҶΪֹ֪Ǵʲôʲô磬ֵֻż֮ʱܵѪϴ񣬷豹棬ҽ̲ŵһ˿Ҷ
ȻҶĻùޱȵĳԾúŵҲѪһŵģ
Ѫһţ
ֻнѪе˲ŻɣӴħ죬Ҷ˵²̫࣬ÿһǾ֣ǴѪҪ;࿹ķ֮ˡ
֪ѪһŵˣҲǼΪȻʥʹܹ˵ĸ֣Ȼ֤ʵ˵ĶʵӦǳʥĸķ
ҶһҵȷѪһŵˣ̫أˡ޷ϸֻ֪˵ȷҵһλʦ֣Ҷ˽Ҳ࣬ϣܸҽһ¡
ҶıʮϣȻҪǲƭԼˣϰʦֵսʦֵĴУȻ֪ʦֵ
ڳʥĸû߶飬ԹҲжţѪһŵȷޱȣ˵Լˣʥĸܹ֪١
Ƭ̣ſڽ
һǰ׽гһλΪ֣ԴżǿһΪŵɣеӣֻ׼йһս
׽˵Ǹֵ磬Ϊһиûܹ뿪ǰ磬ĳ֣ڴֵ
뿪׽֮û֪ȥЩطȥľ磬ͳʥĸϲҵһŮȻŮո֮ʱٴ뿪һȥ
Ǹʱǧǰ
ŹҶ಻䵱˵ʧʱ侹ȻǧǰʱжȻ뵽˺ܶ顣
ʱ䣬̫Ҫ
Ϊкܶ鶼Ǹʱ֮зģΪ׷ɱӶԶ磬硣
ʦ뿪磬ǰ磡
ԼҪĴǧǰʼͷ˽֮ͨڱգӴ֮󣬳׸˽Ŀܣ
һУܿܶ뿪йأ
ʦ뿪׽󣬵׷ʲôأ
Ҷүү
ƺҶ˹æİֵ򲻿˳ƺң
Сǵͨĵ⹫⹫ʦܣֻܺүүˣ
ҶӾˣû뵽徹ȻŮһҲȻˣʥĸʥʹӦöѪԵеģʥĸǹţʥĸӦĸףʥʹȵ֮Ӧþʥĸˣ
Ҷ˵ˣѪһŵĴе⣬ǻǸģ


1042 Ϲŵһ澭
ȻҲͬҶ˵ģȻȥҶһӱԼ˶ٵΪүүʵ޷ܡ
Ҷ֣ʵ⹫飬֪Ĳ࣬пյĻȥľ磬֪ԶҪϸ
ǹҶʵĸףҲǳʥĸϣܹҶϾʦܣ
ҶȻͷӦûй룬Ҳ϶ҪȥľģοʥĸڶѾǧͣʦ˶ƽǹŶĿҲ֪ԼõϢ
ˣһ£ľڻо𣿡
壿
⣬ϵıԱеŹʾʲô
Ҷû⹬ı飬ʵʵ˵иѣΪ˰Ҷ⣬ȥ忴ûʲô취ܹ
ǸŮ飿
ǰ
ɫøӵĹŹ֣ȻͷУҲѾ˥ˣҺǳĹϵǺܺá
оУ
̵ʱ˵ĺֻܹͬôֻҪоˣǾ㹻ˡ
Ǿ˵ˣɣҷҲûʲô£ĻҾ͸ߣʱһȥľ磬ڿʸ֮ģǺܶеģʵҲ̫ǿߣٻܱ㣡
Ҷ˵ЦԷǣԼʵȻȷ̫ǿʲôʱҪ˱ˣ
ε֪ڶģ
һֿ¶ģʮ֣һлӣʵΪǿǴԽռͬҳ㷹ʮɣܣֵǣ춼һַ׵飬ȫµ˶ǷǮһ
ҶΨһ˼Ц֮ǰĲ²һлӦþλؼҵ֮꣬϶Ϊ̫أʱܵ˸лӵڣռ塣
Ӹ߸ϣ˾ˣһµһлӣ֪λؼĵķŭȻŷ׵ˡ
ĿҶЦʲôлӿ϶д𣬲Ȼôкöģ
֪ȷǣɲҪСպĻǧԶһ㣬ıʵǶ֡
΢΢ԼǣȻҶѸе˵ʵ˽ܹѹѾˡ
ˣǿеǲָĳϹŵй
ǰȻϹŹòľϰɣ
ʲô

ʲô
ҶȻһԭΪʲôйؼΪ˼޻ԼģȻû뵽ָľȻǡ
Ļû˵ٻȻҶûġġѪսԴУֻǲģԼҪҵȫӶԼϵΣ
Ҷ˼ӣˣ̲סѹϰɣܲܽҿǿϹŵһ澭
Ϲŵһ澭
ҶʶӹڡĴţ֪˲٣ֻԼʮ˲Żһ֪
ҿʦģԲҵϣҲ֪䣡
ȻҶ࣬ǿǹ⹫ȻҲĻȻźĵϹŵһ澭ҪܹһۣҲֵˡ
ⱾȻҲжţǸСط֪Ĳܸ࣬ܲҽ
֮ܳΪϹŵһ澭Ϊ԰ݼΪ꾡ǽָƫ棬ͳۣǾ˵ܹõǲݣԾݺ¡
ˣڡǴѾãеԭͲǹ֪ˡ
ֻϧκ˶֪ںδе˵Ѿ٣е˵Ѿĳλ֮ܵǲôֻҪһϢκ˶ŷ
ܹΪֱΪˡ͡
ˣָ壩Ҫ׷ĴȻ֮ȴһֽȻͬĴ
ĽܣҶȻοˡѪսӦڡһ־֮еݣڴ˾ǿᣬ˾֮˲ľ֮߱ͨˡ
ܹȫѧᣬǾܹԿݺľ
󲹳һ䣺˵Ĵ󲿷ʵھ֮ϣ


1043 ĸط
ҹ֮ͬ£Ҳ뵽˰ҹĸأû취뿪ҪҶһ𣬵ʱľ硣
Ҷ尲ú֮￪ʼ˾޴ľ֮УǾǷҪȥԼĸף
ԭĸײ֪Լʵݵ£ҶԺ̹Ȼļڣĸ׼ȻѾ֪ԼݣټҶδἫΪ
ԥ֮Ҷڹ˶סķ䣬ʶſԿĸϣ˫ĿĶ档
ҶţʱѹһԾ嵽ǰжϢ𣿡
Ŵ򿪣ĸվĿԡ
һ֮ʱ˳ǰһѾͽҶ§˻𣡡
Ҷݣû˿ĻɣûҶ֮ǰ٣ԼҶ֮ĸ飬Կ϶ҶԾԼΨһĹ⣡
һҶзɲǼĸĵһȫ˳
ͨһҶĸ׵ǰһ˫Ŀ֮Ҳ


ʱ̶ʮ֮ãҶĸ׶죬ط꣡
еĲ죬еĹеˣеһУһȫתΪŨŨ飬ĸ˱ͷʹޣ
ҹ͹Ѷһһǰͬһֹ˽룬Ҷĸ㹻ʱ䣬ȴ֮׵Ҹס
ҶĸˣЦЦ˿ޣֿЦ֪˶֮ƽ
ҶСĽĸײߵ£ж͸ĴȰԼĶӵһһ
˵˵ôһܵѪˣҶˣڶôˣ
Լĸ׵棬ҶȻʲôԼ֮ʼ飬ϸϸ˵˳
ȻҶѾֻܵϲǣǶҶ˼еĶȴȻļᣬȻѡ
֪ԼĶѾףȢ˸ƯϱʱЦдᣬΪźԼڶӴϲ֮յ춼ûڳ
Ҷľ֮ḻǳ˿Ա⣬оȫ˵֮󣬼ȥһһҹʱ䡣
ôһҹ䣬⡭û˱𣿡
ԼĸΪѪ峤֮Ů飬ҶѾ֪Ҳ޷Լ⹫Ȼֻгĸ׶⣬ټϴӸ״Ҳ֪֮һڲԲΪ⹫ĺδı⹫ûһ˿øС
ޥģܲ׶е뷨οԼڸ׶ǳԹޣӵһԹ޾ɢˡ
ΪԼ׵뷨˭ϣԼĶŮܹиõĹޣټϻصѪʮ꣬Ͷ˵Ļûгʮ䣬ǿŶϵݣΪŮʯĳһֱȥ
ܴûѡʱȥҶжڶԵԹޣֻ赭дļ򵥽һ£Ȼͽ˹ȥҪѪ壬ǱҪѪ壬Ϣ⹫Ͻ취Ӧԡ
ң˾˻мλ㣬˶ʮûٹңû£ܱǣȥллǰɣ
˵ĵʵѪһ֧Ѿʼ˥ǶԵļŮ֮䣬ȴǻ֣ĭ궫ҶƷ֮Ļ£λֳһֲ֧֣ԡ
ҶҲɵ֪ĸ׹ⲻ⹫˾˺ͱ㣬ԼѪףԼ⹫ҲܲǣοֵѪ֮Լζ⡣
һºǲѪļٿ֮ʱ
ǰ֪ʲô𣿡
ûʲôѪʮ峤ʵֶΣ
ʮλʵ鳾űϣȻ⹫ǰ֮˾ǵʵȴ̫Ҳ˥ԭ򣬺ˣҪȨҲ⣬²ģҲǵĶ֣Ǹϻȥ֪ͨ⹫취ˡ
Ȼ֪ԼĶʵǿѾɱüλ֣ΪĸףǲϣԼĶա
ҶƬ̺ģȻзִ磬ϢһᣬȥͰҹ峤˵һǻѪ塣

ͶطĶ죬Ƭ̶ԸٷֿҶͷ˳ȥ
˿ҶǼޱȣܹĸоʮʱȷʱ޿̶˼Լ͸ףүүڡ
Լªĳ࣬û¶˿ɻ¼䣬ֻиĸܹ㣡
ȻҶҲСܣָò֮󣬾ܸһССľϲ


1044 еļƻ
һߣҶҲһ߷ٵתȻԼҵѪԼͲܲܣζĸһ֧
ֻǾôأ
ʮÿһλ鳾ű֣ٽ֣а˵ĴҲв٣ôּһ𣬵ƾԼǶ֣
ѵҪҹ
ҹ屾ûиҶʲôӡ󣬶ԴزСҹʮ겻ܲˣһС̫֮壬æĳѰҵΪ˱ӣ
ټϰҹ峤ΪϣҶܹ־ȻҪЮΪСҶʹһ֮
ȥҹѰǵھǴӦҪЮҪ취
бİ취𣿡
ʱ˿̣Ҷǳ˳Ļ϶ܹԼ뵽취
Ҷ̾ʱ򣬹ȴͬһĳǰԴô£
ҶΪһǳ󣬲ȻôܳΪ˵Ĵڣڿ⸱дżģȴе㻳ɡ
ûʲô£
϶дˣʲô˵Ҳܸ뵽취أ
ԴӺ˳Ƿֿ֮Ҷȷûһ֮ˣȻҪԥһ֮ҲͲٿԼеĹ˼ԭԭ˵˳
֮һЦһΪʲô˵أԭôС°а취벻֪
Ҷ۾ʱһа취
ǵȻ֪ľִӺζ
֪
Ϊпľľ絮֮ʱѾڣ˲֪꣬ͬʱҲľ飬޶ӹŵûһܹʵǵľĶˣҲ⣬˵ľֱ֮ͨ죬ϸǲ޾ı
ľľȷҶΪȻ벻ͨԼٵʲô֮ͨ
ʵȫԽľĹ°ᵽѪ簡˵Ѫ֮вСǷ鳾ű֮޷룬ֻҪ㽫ϢɢȥҿԱ֤Ѫ֮Σ⣬ЩǶȿֺӿġ
еЦ֮ӣһ룬ȴǼΪУ
ֻҪߣΪߵͣڱﶼŨȤģһбǾԶǰ̣˺
鳾ű־ĸ˵ͨ챦ǿ϶ûȤˣΨ֮Ĳǡ
Ҷĥ֮һļƻΪ˶ĿڰҹУһһԶ˵ļ֮£ԼȥִУֻܰйæ
Ź˷ܵ뿪˰ҹ壬ҶҡͷеڶѡĻԼԶλʵߵ˵İˣȫһƤСŮ
˹֮ҶҲصĸ֮ĸףԼҪչؼ죬ѪѾ˽İ취żȵԼ֮󣬾ͻǰѪ塣
ܶѪ壬ȴҲԼĶӣֻĵļڰҹס
ҶȷʵıչأΪˣԶԶԼټ˸ģ޶ݺݵҧһڣҪԼǿ˵ܹԸˣҲҪԿ鳾űĸ֡
ȻûѪ飬һ뿪ҹıӻЩԼڶҲӵ
Ҫ鳾űĸ֣ҶҪأ
һµʱ䣬ûҲʵĿ꣬Ҷɴ෭һЩ͸Ųڿ¶ѾʧĹսֶܹԼõġ
İϧΪһ죬˼ǼΪϸ壬ȻѾűˣعΪһѣսΪһѣŵΪһѣһ󷽱Ҷ
Ϊʵ̫࣬Ҷ㻨ʱ䣬Žмعսһ飬ѡ淢һЩö
ʲôǿսһЩ֮ط
˵һΪ۵ļ˿ɽӣڤҵвеıͺӵеΪ񣬲Ҫӵķ㣬Ͼкܶر֮ضǿƣʶãܹѧ۵Ļǿǻ᷽ܶࡣ
ٱһǳȻԽǳ֮ʱסʶʶʶ
Ҷ˵ΪãҪ龧ʯܹأпҵ龧ʯ󣬶˵ʶ̹¼Ϻ֮Ҳ޷⣬ǳֻҪסʶɲǣҲŤתǬ
ֻȻҲͬиѭ򽥽̣һɣҶпյʱڼպ϶ܹó
ʱѹȻҵǶԼڵʵûʲôãҶĥ֮󣬽ĿͶ˺ԼǩѪģЩԴ֮磡


1045 
Ҷ֮ҪЩǩѪΪʵ޷ǳ׵ΪãֻʱʱΣʱ̵ΣӵеЩˮԣʹҪ㡣
ҶѾ˳ؾ磬ʵǿԱȼ鳾ĸ֣ԽʮС磬һ󾳽磬ӦʱԿƿЩɽˡ
Դָܹ֮ʹȻͬ죡
ҶԼʮʱշЩ磬ĻҲԲٵ飬Ҫ뿪ҹ壬Ѫ塣
ҶʼĽЩԼ֮аȻٽڡ
Ͼ̫ҪˣҶɲܵ˿˺ԻǷԼշ˵Լǿ壬Ӧû֧һ¡
ȻѾǩѪǿаȴȻҶֵܹܵĸо岻ԽӲķѰʱǽȫɹڡ
¹λҪУõｫ䳹ںշ̾ͼΪˣ
Щ磬ȻӵԼʶһҶոճ֣Ǿʶ˲ԣʱʼ
ǶͿҶ֮ϣ䣬âɣһͬһ벻۳һǿ֮ĵ
ʼ컹ܴҶߣҶչصʱԽãֵԽ࣬Ѿǵһ㣬ǲ㸲ǣͷųΪǿѹռ䶼ʼһһĺڶںڶƵòԶҶ
ҶڵӵĶϾȻǱܲŵǣ֮ϣҲҶͷŵ֮УҶչصڼ䣬ʼһƬ޴֣ͬǵҴܣòɢ
ֱǰۿȴ˭Ҳ⵽ô£ҹ˸ǱŲ»Ӱ쵽Ҷ

ҶչصͬʱѪҲٴһȻ󲨣һˣŸϡҩĲϣһЩڲͬʱ䣬ǰͬصУߵҩ̶̣ۣݴʦʦʦ֤ʵЩеĴ󲿷ֶѪûУѾֵģЩҲȫģоȻһ
Ȼ˵Ĺע˿ʼĻ̥ĽӽҪŪЩϺͳԺδ
Ȼ˼ΪǰҲһ裬һξƺʧ֮£˵һܡ
Ѫ֮Ȼһ޴ĵع沼˸ǿķƣǿˣ޷Ȼ룬ֻǣЩÿµԲ֮ҹͻʱʧЧʱⴳ˽ȥûи̫룬ֻڸһЩɢĶ˳
Լ²⣬عӦĳλ˵ķĹЩȻͶƷˣ
ϢһѪȻ䶯ˣ
˵ķĹѾ㹻ˣҸһЩɢĶͶǼֵƵĸϡϡƷܹعĻʲôأ
Ⱥ鼤ܣ˶ʼعڣȴ˵Ҳֻ֪֪ڿĵǸ޴ѷ촦Īǰһڣͽ뵽˵ع
ܿƲ⣬ӦôĳЩƣһϣͻᱻعͬõһţ̾ܽΧ
Ҳ˵ڻȷֻǽعΧû룬ôعƷȻԭδȴźȥã
ǣɣѪģĵõϢ֮󣬶ɳ˸ԵľӢԭ׼׷ɱҶİаˣȻҲǲȫѪѷ֮ȥ
ʹ֮УɫۣͷڵĻ֮ϣ·ʦڵعϢǷǲǰ
һ֮ƣĿ΢һԲ֮ҹѪٿ֮ʱɣ᲻Ѫı
ϸˣǸӵعˣѪʿڳ磬Ѫû˿ϵһϢʵĻһʵ̫ϧ
ȻˣУʦλʮǰعѪǱߣ̫Ӵǰ
ּ
ͬʱס֮УҲɳ̫ϳϣϺʮʹǰعɳλλԼʮλ
嶼ѡ˱·һ·ǰģѰҵعһ·ǰѪ壬ƷλѪ峤
ȥѪ֮⣬ĸǣаֵܣȵҲʱ׷ɱҶΪǰع
˵ķĹҶȻҪ


1046 й
ѪâɽУٴվ˱֮Уڵλпѡ
ٹ£Ǽٿ֮ʱһΣʮӦҪλ˰ɣҡҡͷû뵽Ѫ徹ȻҲͬҲٸһ죬ǣھô죿
һ˽ܣ˵ľڷ˽ȺۣȻʱ⻼ȻƣλϧԼĶﶼûһ˴Ρ
񲻹ųʵʮ֮֮ͬˣﵽ鳾Ķӽʮˣǽ峤޷ڡ
ʵλó峤֮λ壬ڶ˵ʲôɽܵ飬ǰҪ峤ΪѪ׳󣬶ǽ峤֮λܴ޾ô
ȻĿǰ峤Ϊ峤֮λȻϧ壬ĵ峤ѪҲڲ˶ˡ
֮⣬ɫӰͻȻ֣Ĺڵϣҳȴ֪ǵĵ̾ϢһѪѪʲô𣿡
̧ͷŲϵ϶ǲ˷֮ɫ峤ССʮѾˣ
ʲô
ԻȻת˫Ŀһ⣬Ȼʯ̾͵ĵӲĴ̴
ѪšѪʮͬΪѪʮ֮̽·ϢϴαɳȥЩ峤壬ȻѾöԵҲޱŭˡ
˭ɵģ
ʬѾĿȫǣ޷жϾǺΪ峤ССʮӱó֮˱֮⣬˺Ѳ׽ǵ١
ѪʮȻͬǶദͬ㣬ͳ׻ִСѪѪ곤ߣǽʮ˶ǵԼ׵ܵܣǶѪѪʮɱȻŭɶ
ǵķȻССʮȥ峤ôкܴĿܾЩ峤ǡ
ȻҲͬĲ²⣬һûƾʵݣۿἴٿʱȥʮʣ¸ء
ģѪѪһΪССʮģһжҪȵٿ֮ڽٻȻȻ뿪ҵȵ֮̽ٻ
仰һ˵ѪѪȻٴ̧ͷͬȰΧǾѪʮѪѪĳȥδ֮⣬˶ʼڶ߻
Ǹ涫ô֪꣬ܲ˼
үߣȻȵٿ֮̽ٻԷйˣ׼һ֮Կʮλ峤Լĸǡ
˸ͬʱڵأ峤Ը峤
ɫȻƽ˫֮Ҳ¶֮ɫĿһһĴЩԼϰĹӹǵˣѵĿѪһ֧𣿡
ǧǴʱҲ޷ڱ粵Ϊ˵ʵ
ǶԲȻĻһκ⣬ʮضĴ׷ɱҪ峹
ԳӶȻֻг֮˸˵ˣ˵ʮĸֶ֣׽ɱ
ˣԱҪʣѪʮߣԱ
ߵǰ˫֣һһĽ˰ԲѪ£ǧУεֻʮˣֻܰǣǵİȫ
峤
ȻѪʮǾþɳǴʱ˿ȴ鼤ͷ£һ峤֮Ҳ޷˵Ļ
ԺȻȻһЦ˵ѵΪҾһҺôҲǰ֮κҪԸң˭ˣҲҪӦĴۣλᣬܳ׽ǣѪ壬ػػԻ֮ȵ֮󣬵ʱۣλ߰ɣҾͲˣ
£Ѿ󲽣˵ǰ߹Ȼˣɽȴ΢΢޷ƽ
˵ʮ㣬ǲǿο֮ԣ֪ʮλ峤ҲѾﵽ˰֮ҲǷټ塢Э漣ȻĻǱ֮֡
ٿ죬ҲԵڣ
Ѫʮγ֪㣬һУǼ縺峤ΣȻҪͬ峤սҲɼ
ŶԸߴȴԵޱįıӰԶȥٴη򵹣İȥȻһ˿ڣȴȫ¶


1047 Ѫ֮
µʱȥλڵİҹعƽѾ쳹ʮ֮ʧеƬҲĳһ̱ը˿ȻϢŰȴǻƬأͬһСһǽǧٿס
ʱҶׯϣϹ壬ͬһ
ڳɹĽıԴ֮ҲеЩɹշںϣԼһԡ׵ԣ
ع֮УͬѪڣ߿ˮҶͷ֮ϣɫ졣
αչأҶջ񼫴󣬲ɹշ磬һһ۳һǡþ׵Եġ
һҶѪ֮⣬ֱǽľˮ׵磬ԣ뵽˳أ
ȻҶȴԾûѣΪһջǾԵĳɹۣͬʱȻּһѪ崫еĹϼ䡣
ͬѪһв˼֮һսΪѪ֮ڣ
Ѫ֮ڣǽѪȼڣȼѪķʽӶԼʵڶʱڷ
ݸʵͬѪ֮ЧҲǲͬǿܹսʮַʽȻıѪΪۣȻҲʩ֮һ˺
ȻҶ˵ڼҪһսʱڽսһĿǰ൱鳾߱ʵԿ鳾˱ĸ֣ĻǾͼԿ鳾ű䣬ıеһϸߵ͡
ﵽʮĻˣҲĴսһˣ
⣬ȼѪҺ˵Ȼ൱˺ǶҶ˵˺ȴ̫ΪѪҺѾȫԭѪҺѪѪеѪ
ҶϲѪ֮ڣʣʱ䣬ҲҪսܹһĻѪ塣
ҶȻڱչ֮еʱ򣬰ǰĳʥʹҲٴ˰ҹ塣
СΪ˷ܣΪʵߣҡƽ׽ˡһμ͸С⣬ɹĽ£ˡ
㣬Щȥˣ
¶صЦݵȥҵعˡ
ˣ㣬Ｘλ˵Ѫ֮г˵ع峤ҲѾ˹ȥ鿴ˡ
Ѿ֪ҶڰҹûʲôøУΨһںľǹزСѣϢνʼعƣҷǲȥˣСڿǧȥȥĻҲҪȵҶ֮󣬴һȥ
Сµĵͷҿ϶ҪȥģΪֲֻĵѷ졣
СԴҶ˵ˣģʱҶ嶼һȥģ϶ܹ֤ƽ
СȻ˸㣬ǲϲҶˣ
仰˵˶Ϊ֮һعֺֺ֮ЦССͷССͣͲѧã㶮ʲôϲ˵ˣҶĳ࡭ǲϲġ
Ȼ岢ӹŮӣֻòȡˣǲò˵ҲĺҪ
˵ˣҶҪҪ⹫ʦܣôϲأ
СһŤȻ׵ľ˹ָС֮¶һ˿죬͸Ǹ߸߾㣬òȡˣҶǶصĴӢۣ£̫үү⣬û˱ȵˣ㲻ϲǿʧ
СһҶǳ֮Ҷŵ˺̫үүҲһλ̫֮ҹȱͬȵĵλȻϲ˵ҶĻ
ЦõĵУҶÿˣʧɴˣˣˣչؿʮˣҪٲһϷɾͰˡ
ʲôϷ
ûʲôߣϽȥ
һ뵽ǳϷ̲סҪĴЦ
ѪĴ˷ĹһعҶļı
ǸϡװžƺʧԵ˾µĵطó˼ơ
˵ʵαװͬȾ֮˳֣ȻĻ˭Ҳ޷͸
ЩϡıȻ󲿷ֶҶҶԼһ󱦲أռĺöʤнʱؼѹεĶϵȱΪܹõع˵˵Щö壬ȫȨá
ǹԼģΪʥʹҶҪ١
˺֮£ƻʵʩ˳͸ֶûп˿
֮Ѫܱ̬ķչҶƻչ˵¾㱸ǷҶ󶫷ˡ


1048 ʧ
ΪҶչ֮ǰѾ뿪˰ҹ壬֪Ҷչ֮ʱֵԼ־˵ƣһ·֮ϣҹ㵸Ľ̲סе㻳ɣǲСƭԼ
СҶչ֮ʱԶͿڸתƣҶչصЩӣʼغ粽δ뿪ĵĵȴԼӳء
ǰǹ嶼Ǵŵ㹧񣬱ϾҶĸףɲҶʱ㡣
˵ͷϴŻ֮ȥɫҶİɣѾչʮˣƺƴȴһ㶯ûˣʲô˰ɣ
춼˵ƺƴ󣬹СûƭԼ
ĸõģչر˵ʮ죬ǼʮҲǳе飬ֻҪ߻ħ϶µġ
Ҳֻ֪мٿ֮գұҪ⼸ϻȥ֪ͨҸף׼
ӵİΣͼİΣͬɽһѹö춼Ҫ͸ˡ
仰Ҳǡ⡱һ¡
Ȼ֪Щ飬ҶѪٿ֮ǰûгصĻ֮ǰеļƻ׷ѣѪȻ⵽ĴѹҲпܵ¡
Сµĵ̣Ҫżǰҹпռ֮ţԵִѪâɽ϶üġ
ҶΪ壬ڶȻֻܳƺΪˡ
εĵͷû˵ʲôҹ͹ҲվȴҶء
תȥҶȻû˿¶ʵǵȲȥˣǼٿӣҪϻȥ֪ͨף׼
Сܲ뿪ҹ壿
Сͷԣʱߡ
Ҳ֪ζ¶ˣȷʵҪѪ׼ҲĶİȫĸȥɣ
ˣȶɣʵǿһչʲôΣգҲһ㣬˵ѪâɽѪΧˣǿƣǱ˳ǿͻƣ򲻿ܽȥģңҲбİ취
һ֮󣬹ֻδӦöһ˻ȥСȵҶأ̸Ѫâɽ
ǶͱСҴҴˣ֮ʱǳĿһҶչصӡ
˿ܹӵĻͻῴҶòۿɼٶȱ仯ţǳª֮ɫ񣬲˲¶·ƤҲȥ˿ӿݵ塣
ҶڻָԼıò
ˣǽһȥҶڵʲô״̬ϾСͶ춼˵Ҷչ֮ʱ춯أ˺棬ֻһֱվҲ˼롣
תͷܣȷûעԼ֮ͬһ㣬Ҷڵӡ
ΪﱾǶסټǰҹأҶչ֮ǰûκηƣȫǲ״̬˭롣
ŵƿյķţһ룬ȻŹ֮ųһתҶ
һ֮£Ӷɳۿˣ
ǰòӢڷ裬£һһɽһѪݺƣͬ·һӣѵǸҶ
鲻ԽԼ۾Լǲۻ˻߼ˣ
ǰҶǹûò˵ʵȻܹԼ˵ģҶĵһʱԼˣǾҶʵò
ȻڣҲҶʵòûаαװ⵽ô£
嵱Ȼ֪ҲãڵòҲãҶʵòֻǰΪأò˻ھԼѪ֮սֲҶľ޸ò
ʱš֨ѽһῪˣ弸֣̾ҹ֮Ȼ
ҹѾߣֹ֮岻ˣ̾Ͳµ϶˽Ҳ棬Ȼ˽
Źͷ֮ҹҲҶȻıͺ͹һ㽫ɳۿ
۾ҹСĵ㣬ô£Ҷ𣿡
ЦҡҡͷҲ֪ô£϶ߣȥ˵
뿪֮󣬹ڿ˼⵽ô£ҹգգ۾ȴͻȻԴյ˹ǰĵ㣬ʧˣ


1049 һ
ҹСĵ٩ʥŮ̧ҪССĳͽһ£ֱȴӹ˸ղҶ󣬲ò˵Ҷȥʵ̫Զɢ־ƣԺӡ
Źڰգþû£ҹǻƵ㣬˵˰ɣڻüͷҰҶ˵˵û׼Ҳϲأ
ɲǼһ㱣뵽ԼţȻΪʥĸ뿪֮ȴǹ¶ϣ֮ʱԾ߶֮ϣܹټһ档
ѪһŶǸĺ
ӹĿĪðһ仰СҲסˣŰ֪ͣʲôĺ
һ˵Ƕǰ£ȴҶء

ѪһһεļҪٿˣᣬѪ¶ޱӣںεأϻμӴᡣ
ʵĴ᱾ʮһۣһС۵ģΪЩѪɢԲŸʱ䣬ΪһۣһһСۣϣܹѪˡ
ϧǣûʲôЧ
Σһۡ
ᣬܹѪž⣬פѪأѪ⣬˶Ҫ㱨һ
峤Ҳÿλ˵ıֽн͡
ȻּԵĴᣬҲٲ˱侺ڲ˼ǰ£֮ɾ˴д裬ӡ֤ս
־ĺôܹһЩӱΪѪһĶѪ˶ھ൱ڴġ
һεļûʲô𣬴ǰʼѪפѪصǾѾ½ִѪâɽҪ峤ԣȻܻع壬ͬǴһʱ䣬ȵ֮Ҫ뿪
һ糣ϸĵȴѾ֣λѪնޱȵأȻʲôҪ
ߣȥݼ峤ʱ򣬷峤סȻһƬûп峤˶ǰҪࡣ
ǳԼڼ͵͵һ֮⣬ҹ̸ۣһ鶼ֻеȵٿһ֪
һҲˣ
ϽѪâɽɽһ¶ƽ̨ϾУƽ̨󣬿ˣѪȫ˼ڴˣǴ´ࡣ
ȻͬѪâɽУѪŹ涨ǰɽ壬κ˱ͽǰ÷Уʩչռ֮
һ磬ڶѪ˾Ѿ½ĵǵϵƽ̨źȻ֣ĴȻԣ峤ͷ峤˻һ˲֮˲̨ܵ
Ȼ죬ɽ֮ûнˣƽ̨֮Ҳǿһˣֻʼհڷǧӡ
ΪѪâɽصĽ֮£ļ紺ܲ紵ţ޷롣
˲˭Ҳ£ϾزԼˣҲֻվһ˽һߵȴ峤ͷ峤ĵ
ڣɽ֮³һͭɫһһλ
һɫװͬһͦñֱļ紺Ļ֮£Ȼɱɢһǿҵĺ⣬֮оȻк˪ӿ֮䣬ڽ´һɫıꡣ
ΧѪ˿̹¹򣺡ݼ峤
Ѫʮʮ֧Уӳîδ캥峤Ҳɴ˶峤ǵһ峤ӣ˵ʵѾ峤޼ǰ֮˵ѪڶԵĴڡ
ӵһƵ˸ɨ¹һۺСĵ峤֮λǷĪˡ
֮£Ȼ˵ĻǴ治ˣȻȴ΢΢һЦûԼӵ˼ߣɽ
Ļ£һȻ𣺡֣þòæʲôأ
ɽ֮ϣ붫ǧ֮⣬һУȻһȴȻѾ˶ӵǰ
ˣӵüͷ𣬵һЦԭܣȷʵþòˡ
߶ȣ峤òţʵͬĪ⣬û֪׵ʲô磬ңǾͦԵģ
ӾѪҵʼٸߣҹ峤ɹλȴλûңΪĸ޷£ģȾ֮һ
ҲûнȷܹʮˣѾռݰˣټѾѪâɽ塢ͻ֣峤֮λڱصã


1050 λ
ڶӺͶĲϵĴкʱһ˵Ķ𣺡֣֣Ϊǵһû뵽ıһ簡
һֺͬǮׯƹҲ˹ˣӺͶȶһͷۡ
ʮ峤ʮСһʵ񣬵һӻˮݽթҪ֮ҲʹˣҲͬǰ˵ʵ
֮ӶҪɻΪҲͬ峤֮λѾã˿κӡ
Ц߹еĺ§κ˿һĻΪ֮Ҳ벻ʵǶǸĻ
֣֣ǸϽɽɣ峤ȼˡ
˵֮󣬶һһɽȥ߹֮ղŶµЩɫı꣬˲ͱ塣
ϵƽ̨һѪȻ׷׼˶ԴЩ˵ƽ֮һһ֮󣬷ֶԲڣ̲סһ峤ڼԽԽˣô˶ˣȻ֣
Ȼ峤ȵкһĻؾ֣棬仰Ѫˣ
˫΢΢𣬺䣬Ӧȴ˶Ĵ֣԰꣬㻹δ峤أЩ˵ȷʵеˣ
ʱһ峤Ҳ½ϵˡ
ʮλ峤ĬķֳȺͶ峤峤Լʮ峤ϣĸͦԵģһλȻҲղһ
ʱȥƽ̨֮ʮλ峤ϯ֮ϣǵվһſǵĺ
ѪҲѾ룬ǧˣۼһ𣬵ȴû˿˵ԵޱȵĹͽš
ͬʱڴͬһսߵλ峤ȻͶ·ǶûҿӦǱԸ͵͵ˡ
Աض˱ǣû´ĻӦûѪʮ
һЦӦѪʮ
Ȼһѵʮλˣ
ȴҲ˵ˣֻЦţ֪˶֪Ȼ˵仰˵ʧӦǱɱˡ
ӵüͷٴȻԼ峤֮λڱصãʼջû¹֣û뵽ĵӾȻôѾһӣԼҲҪϼӷԼ׼㣬ᷭȥ
뵽ӵüͷ˿ĵ峤ôȻ·ôҲ֣Ѳ峤Ըǣǳʲôⲻɣ
лܹģһźúõģ
ƽȴϵͻȻ𣬴ԶлգۼѾվƽ̨룬ŭ
ѪȫվӵҲ⣬Ͼڶûλ֮ǰʼջѪ峤
ͬİȥμ峤
ɫƽͬ޲ž񵭵ɨ˺󣬵ͷɣ
ŶԵĳ֣ѪļҲʽʼĹʱӦʮλ峤ɳ峤㱨һѪĴ
˶ɶΣȻϵǣӾȻվŶԵ峤μᣬλݰٱţҪ񣬲û峤ҲҽǴصأ峤ʾһ¡
һ޲Ȼᣬֻɱ˲μӣûй˳ֵӾȻδ峤֮ͬ£ͽҪ˵أǴƻ˹ء
ȶԱ̬ѾվǳӣôĵӣľۻᣬȻξģ
ƤЦⲻЦĵܣ⻰ɾͲˣλͿɲģԼģΪǵͷ̫Ϊ˱尲ΣǣҲҾ֮Ⱑ
Ȼ˵Ȼȴֹͬʱ򶫷ӵܣѪ֮оȻܹɵ֮ˣΪ棬Ǿǽɣ
˭ԻĳȴǲΪĳɽµλͣ
ɽ֮£ӳ֮߳ˣԭȲ֮С
ǶУǵƽ̨֮һ޲𾪲ѣ˶ȻֱǻϺ
ѪʢᣬܹУʵҵ£峤
ͬȻʩʱȴĽ׼˶ڵķһ峤ָ
ѾͬʱվɱȻȴȻɫƽ΢΢һЦԭ壬˼ݵҲãҲǣΪҪѪ֮׷ɱСŮ죡


1051 ʥ
صµİҹУҶչ֮Ĺҹ˶Ѿȹϵϣ˫㽫ⷽԲ׵ĵ˰ٱࡣ
Ѫٿ֮գȻڱչ״̬µҶȻû˿ĶյĻҶغ޵£Ҳһ֧ˡ
ҹŹ㣬㵹취ҶٲǶҪΣˣ
֮ҲҪšһţγżȻǿˣҲûκΰ취
óȻȥҶмĿ뵽߻ħ״̬ĺѪĸ»Ҫء
СڿԵҹˣ
峤£ȫԵ
ɲҹڴţܰҹ峤е㲻صǶСλ̫֮ȴǼΪĿأͷųҹΪԼĽӰˣ˼κ˲ÿ
οû峤֮Ѿɹںֻ̫֮Ӱҹĳ̶ֳϿԿаҹˡ
ǺãȥסȫҪ鳾ϵĸ֣鳾űģԽԽá
ȥˣͳҶԼ⹫ʦܣİԼҲҪѪ磬ûа취ˣֻС찵ҹǰѪ壬ȻԼҲͬС
СٶȺܿ죬Ƭ֮Ѿʮҹֳֻ֣λ鳾űĸ֣ùüͷһôôˣ
û취˶ǰѪˣ
һ仰ͽµģѪĵ鱾Ҷһֲ߻ģȻԵ˻壬ǶͬûиҶøеİҹ壬Ҳûи֪ʵ飬ڵãҹҲϵˣɳ˴󲿷ֵĸ֣ԼµĿ
ʮ鳾֣˵ʵô󣬹ţ˵ѪԼ͹еһ壬ɳ˿Ҳֹʮ
µҲֻˡ
ãСҶ壬ֻҪһ̾ͽѪâɽҴǵиȥ
СȻҲȥҲףԼĿǰʵȻܹѹưҹˣǶ֣Ķ򲻹ȥҲ׸ֻĲ鲻Ըĵ˵ͷ
򿪿ռ֮ţǰѪâɽ
ҹ峤Գֱ֣ڿ·˿ռ֮ţͷʮҹ֣롣
Ѫâɽޱɽ֮Уʮһƾճ֣һֻ֣̾Ӵڷɳٵ˷ȥ
ʱ֮󣬹üͷԲǧ֮ھȻûˣˣѵ˶ѾѪ帹ˣ
Ѫ帹ؾѪâɽڵʮɽ壬ŵѪʼֿ̻Ľƣκ˶޷͸
ʮҹ̲סһۣаһݣλʥʹʵɲ⣬ֻӣʱ䣬ȻѾ˷Բǧ֮ڵ
Ҳߣ
һ˼ӿٶȣܿʮɽ֮ͣ˽Ųٴͷųֻӣ˷ȥ
꣡
˲Ϣ֮䣬촫ЩѾȫΪ촷ۣѪʼĽ֮ӵѪѪ֮˸޷Ӳ
ҶҶǰҸˣֻܶҳʥѪʼһˣ
ȴǶȻʹ⣬ͷ֮ϣȻֳһۡ
۲ƴСʵ޻̻ŸָƵƣȻɣȻֵһ̣֮ϾȻӿŰһԶŴƶһ㡣
޴ѹֱӽʮҹ鳾ָȫƷ˳ȥˤڵȴȻܵѹá
һ鳾űĸ˫۳Ǹۣ૵ĵ⣬Ǵ˵еģ̴ۣ˷ϱ
ʲôѯʵ
еĶⲻܰôܹڷ˽أ
Ҳмֵģ߼ͱΪκһӵз֮ܡ
Ϊϡ٣˶Ҳ
תͷ˵һۣϺȻ¶һǵЦݵ˵ɲҳʥ
ԴžĻЦݣߴıͣ仰˼ӵһ鴫ȥΪû֣֮ܵ𶯣ᣬˣ
ϸۿ֮ʱȻ֮ϾȻһ˿ƣһ岢û˵ѣȻԭѾ𻵣ôҲ󽵵ͣһõѡ
˿רע纣Ϊ˰ҶΪ˰Ѫ壬׼ԳʥԿѪʼԲµǿƣ


1052 ֮
Ѫâɽ֮ϣѪ峤ǹƽʣλֱǿߵ϶¶Цݵ峤УԶﴫĻѵҲѪڼӦͬЭͬɹΣǧҪűҥԣ˺֮Ĺϵ
ȻƽЦЦ˵Ҳǣݺ͵λҲӦûֱ飡
ȻаޣȴǷƵ²ؼһ
ԽŵμѪᣬ岻Ӧֻɳλɣմᣬش󣬲λǵ˶֤ͬѪ֮ʢɣ
仰ֹȵ¶ɻ󣬾Ҳ׶Դ˻⡣
Ѫᣬʲôʱ˲μˣȻ첻Ѿˣ峤˶μӣʵе˼ˡ
΢һ̴֮ЦλͣȻ峤ˣǻ峤֮⣬˶ɣ
֮˾Ǳ͵͵Ѫâɽģ񶫷ӼȻҲͬˣȻûʲô˼ɣǸԽԼ˶Ӱ˳
գ֮䣬ƽֶ̨֮ʮˣÿԴʮˣȫ鳾ĸֻ֣Ǵﵽ鳾űҲȵˣ嶼Ҫ͵ѪȴѰҵعˡ
Ͼǿܹõ˵ƷֵԱѪҪĶࡣ
οټ϶ӵˣǿʵҲˡ
ѵ룬Ȼû˿ڣ˭֪ɽ֮ǰƽ
ѪͨʵҲ֪ͷ֮ȨƣΣ̾ͶʶˣѪ϶Ҫ֮ˣôԼЩ˾ԴȻͦ峤ǹ˳ֵ峤أ
ÿ˶˼⣡
ȺͶȱ̬ߵ˶Ե󣬵ڶ壬壬͵ʮ壬ֶ֧ԣ
λ峤ȴԾվһȻԥߣʹӦ˶ӣҪƾΪµ峤ûʮİ֮ǰǾͬǽͷһı߷ͻıߵ
ʱԺȻЦſڵӣ˶Ѿ˰ɣ
û˽ĻҲƺں˵ĻӦԹԵĵͷ˾ͺã죬ˣ˭Ҳˣ
Ļ£ͻȻ֮䣬رɫӿѪƾճ֣ͬһʺһ㣬ѪâɽգÿһѪ֮󶼻һĺɫ··һ֮һѪɫ飬˶һεɱضΪ֮ҡ
Ѫƣ
˿Щ·޲ɫ䣬ȻѪʼµѪƣһ֧ѧ
˭֪ƿѪƣǴӹŵ񣬳ʼ涫֮⣬Ѫ峤ûܹȫģȻڶԺȻѪƲ˹˵ûȫҲһࡣ
Ѫƣޱȣأҿռ䣬˵ȫóĻ˶ƣ
ɫ䣬ȻһָԵԣ㾹ȻѪ̻ѪƣѵҲ𣿡
ѪƱͼ;첻һǣó֮ҪҶҩܻͣοԱѪóѪƣԼ˺֮󣬿֪
ĿһۺĮȻĵѪ崫֣⸱ģͱű֮ģ׼ȥˣ
ȻѾԼ֮⡣
ʽһѪȻޱȣֻ֮ˣǲ̫ܵ˺Ǻοأ
ҡҡͷ̫ͬղ˵Ѿˣգˣ뿪Ѫ֮ˣ뿪ܣͷһжü
ʱ򣬶ȻЩҪı֮һ·ɼǶôԸͬҲٸ꣬ǽɱͬ塣
һתͬλֵͬʱߺȵ֮뿪
һ£ڶ壬壬͵ھŷת뿪ƽ̨
һ֣ɵٴθʩһѹһ̣λ峤֮Уȷ˶ͷҪʹ뿪ȻʼնЦݵĶȴͻȻվ˳ŶԵ峤Ǵʴ壬ܸмĪȻҲһᣬֻҪ㽫峤֮λøңұһ


1053 ֮
仰һ˵ڳ֮˶ɫ䣬Ϊʱ˿̣˶Ѿ֪Կ϶ѾﰵߣһǿѪʮѵ˵ȻǶץ˻
ܵľǶˣ֮мͬʵʰĹâĶŶƾʲôҸ֤
ٴ¶޺Цݣʼ峤ҵļλֶֶĳЩĲ֮˵۸׷ɱ⽫뵽
㣡
˫ĿԲɣȻ֪ԷеľĲָ֮ľԼ˿Ҳ̫𾪣û뵽ȻռԼȻıԶǣԵĶﶼץסΪҪЮ
ӣԼҪ峤֮λҪԣҪ
ãĺã
峤ŭЦָŶúúлл㣬Ȼ뵱峤Ҿͳȫ㣬Щ̸֮¡
΢΢һЦҵš
˵֮˻ȥȽĴԵ峤ΪʲôͽΪöأ
ЦĿһ۶ȵΪѪ峤
򵥵İ˸֣ȴԵ©ɡ
Ѫ峤ͽ飬ȻҪԳ֣Ϊ峤ҪΣԲܼˣ
ӣһһʮȥЩ˶徫Ӣ׼ǵѪ峤һλ˵ĳԽǵľǿʱÿ˵ﶼӿһ˿⡣
ˣֻа벽֮ңǵϾԲַ
ǰһ׵ĵطͣ˫ֱ̧ͷ죬Ȼʮ鳾ַΰͬɽһͦΡ
һϰɣ
赭д֮
ʮȫŭǺôҲǸ徫Ӣκ綼һȻȴ̬ȶԴܹܵˡ
Ƣ꣬ȳ֣ԣɱ㣡
һΪǵ˵ɴ˵еʥһͷ壬磬ųв֮
ǵȻ˿У¶Լı壬һֻͳʮ׵İ׹ǴХ£ÿһͷ絶֮ռǱһƲѳһһĺɫ˿ڣ¶޾ĺڰգ͸
ܹǵ֣԰˵ĶԣҲҵģȫʩΪϣܹͨһ𶫷Ե硣
ƣΧ˶ɫǶȴȻŸղŵӣ̧ͷ죬ǸδܵǵĹһ㡣
һǰ֮ƵĹǵ˶ԵǰͻȻ䡱һ죬ߺȻֳѪɫ·ͬ꼻һְ㣬ٿȻʧ
ȻѪԼߣ޵ˣһ峤̲ס
ɫ֣˵ʵչ¶ʵҲȴǴ𾪣֪ˣ¶һеӸıµ˵ʲôˣıͬһͬһ·ȻԸͶ³һɱ
ģѪǿޱȣ֮ҪѪ¶ҲֻʱʱĻǳ֣ԼͻɢѪɡ
ȷѪʼ֮ƣǸʵݹѪ£ܹﵽʼľ磬ҲܳʱĶѪơ
ֻ޴ĹǵڱѪƵײ֮£Ȼѣֱڷ飬һ紵Ʈɢ֮䡣
ңǲ֮ô
ǺųƲ֮Ĺǵ֮ǰһǿȻԵı߶ûпѾޣѪƸֱ䱾Դ׵ĻĲ֮ûиĿܡ
ɫ粻ȴûٸҳ֣ǽĿȫͶע˶ӵϡ
ȻҲɵѪƣǴʱ˿̣ΪʼٸߣվˣҲȫڶ£Ļ峤֮λҲŹġ
̣ΪѪƶӵͬѪԵ֮˲Ч
ûѪƣֻܶսͬҲǰ֮ټ϶Ϊ˲˴ѪƣȻܵ˺Զӵʤ㻹Ǽġ
ŶߵԼǰڵͷѪĿ˶ӵϣȻԾޱ飬֮ȴ͸¶һı㣬Ҫҳ𣿡


1054 ɱ
Ե֮Ҳ͸һŨΣͬҲٸֵ꣬ǽͬͬԴͬѪˣȻҪ׿һУսԵĲңѪĲҡ
ԶһζĻӵҲǲ΢΢𶯣ת˲ţĳٴǿӲɰܾڴһ١
峤ռ峤֮λʵ̫ˣǵʵȻǿᣬĸԸͳ˧ѪѪ֮ΪƸΪ꣬㿴ѪѾ˥ʲôӣ
ʵѪ˥Ȼһ֧ɵģѪ£ټҲȷʵûٳֹʾ֮ػһڵѪ岻ǰĻԻͣӶһ޶İ֮λ˽岢
ʵͬʱҲΪԼıһȥĽڡ
ҡҡͷ֪һսѾ⣺˵棬ӣȻ峤֮λԶֲ
ҾͲˣ
£ڳ֣һѪ۳һɢޱߺѪŶԺɨȥ
һ֣ս죬֮ǧǿĺ˳ÿ˵ë˽ȥǿ鳾űĸ̲ס˸
Ѫк߽ԲͬҪѪԣҲ֮Ѫ˵Ѫʼ棬һѪɱһλˣ֪Ѫ֮ǿ
ѪֻѪԣֻž֮ѪԵͬʱԡ
ȻˣޱԣҳɹѪںһ
󵶻ʣĵ˿ռ䣬Ѫǿҵ˼£˶Եǰ
ȻܹѪƣʼΪ˷ֹ峤ɱͬ壬ѪƸӵͬѪЧ˶ֻʵսӲӡ
һӣͬޱѪ죬һֻѪɫֺ֣죬Ȼֱץ˿Ѫ
˶ȻһȻԿҪȶǿǿޣѪ岢ǿͽֶѪȻ˰
о˸ƺһ峤ǲԸܵԾܵĲƻ
֮Ľ֣֮ƴ󣬾Ǿ춯أ̤ɽ񶫷һգܹ忳أͬȫӭƽ̨֮ϣЩҪ
ˣǾܵı֣ŻӲѪ
飡
һѪͬһѪѪգӲǿץסѪĵУȴҲΪ˶ơ
ЦһѪ֮ͻȻ죬γһ֮ŶԵ˿ڳȥ
ҪԺڶᶫԵ壬ѪҺ
壬ǿ綫Ҳ˸ɫ˿䣬һƺ𣬰˵ӿݿһ㣬庮ȫɢ˳ȥ
һ֣һɰѪӿͬһ㣬Χס
ɲ֮䣬ѪıѪˮ۳һӵѪӣ͸ޱѪ֮ûƣеĶץ˹ȥ
Ѫӳ٣
ʵ̲סˣ峤ʱͲҪˣֱɱɣ
Ѫӳ٣Ȼǿ󣬵ϧǱɱսǷӡ֮Ȼ£Ȼʹɱֻ֣ҪӸӡ
Цһ˿ңλܣǻڵʲôѵΪ־ܹܱ𣿽춫ԲǶ
λ峤һۺҧ˳Ҳɫһ䣬
Ҫ峤Ǵǵʬ̤
ƴҲҪԡ
һȣ˫֮Ѫ֣ѪâʮֻѪ֮ðĴֵѣǻڵʲô֮˻ɱԣĸѣ
Ѫƻ֮˸޷ʱȴûУԶͼƻˡ
һиȫ˻ʮ˽Χס峤ȴ˶ԡ
֮ͨ⣬ΨһûжľǶˣʼձźЦݣƺһж޹һ
ΪɵȴҲΪܿܣԼĶﶼץУ˴򶨡
ڶҲûоȥԸܽΧסҲ뿪
ƽһ˿ݣĿ⻷˵ããǣȻȫҪҳˣ
˶⣬˶ǲĵͷȥ
Ѿǰˣ峤֮λԻʵԭȵĳŵɱɣ
ӵߥ֮£ͬʱ˶ԣ
Ѫâɽ֮ɲǼѾޱѪ⸲ǣʮɽ嶼ʼ˾ҵĲ¶ٲ봥ƻǱΧҲɼˣ
Զǧ֮⣬ܸܵɾƣ߷׷׳ԶԶĹۿⳡԴѪڲɱ


1055 
Ѫâɽ⣬׼ʥǿͻѪʼµǿ֮ʱͻȻչâɣƾȻʧˣѪâɽ֮ϣȴһɽһɫ·һѵľշΧһ
Ȼǰҹλ߾ˣѪ峤ǿнСѪеѪƣѹ˵һ֮ϣӣսѾʼˣ
ƵĴڣҲҪǿ֧ţÿ壬ÿɣӵеĽ֮£龧ʯͷάֽƵС
ѪȻҲ⣬Ϊܹһټ֣⽫ǿСֻס壬ѪƣĻԼȻĻָͻƽƣ뿪塣
ȻǱͬھ뷨ҲҪ帶޴Ĵۡ
ǻʲôߣ
һ˳壬Ȼ֮ȴòٴͣΪĽƸǿ󣬾ڹ׼ٴԳʥ̴ײƵʱôɽϳһˣӣæߺҪʲôס֣
˭
Ѫ֮ӣ˭Ҫʲô
һ۵ģǵѣѪƽҵģȱҪƿƣȻĻǸȥ
ƣ֮żĵǺ峤Ѫκײɾ޴˺峤Ҫٹƣھѩϼ˪Բƣ
һ¹ɵˣ׼˴ɱķȻŶȥô죿
ѵûа취Ƴ𣿡
Ѫˣ峤ԳƣȻĻ˶Ʋˣ
֮󣬻Ȼת˰ҹķ򣬺޺޵ĵҶүүôأ֮£ֻһˣ
ȵĶӲ֪˵ʲôǺдѪһɫͷۿ
ͬʱڰҹ帹֮еҶ۾ѪһţȻֱӳ˳ȥ
ʼغСҶǳһҶ壬ǳˡ
ʵҶӦóˣû뵽Ѫ֮ڵط޷ͣҲ֪ΪѪҺ̫ǿԭ򣬻ʲôԭȻһһط˵ؾ磬Ҳ˵˲佫ʵıҲǰĿꡣ
ıսԺͰ˵ĸһս֮
ҶȻҲ֪ʱѾȥ̫ãҲС˵ʲôС鷳ϽȥѪâɽˣأ
ǰ뿪ˣ˵Ҫȥ֪ͨ峤ҲסҪһȥ˵ѪâɽнƣѪ˸޷롭
С˵꣬ҶѾ磬ǻʵ磬Ȼ˿ռ䣬ϾѾɹշ˴Դ֮硣
֪ˣң
Ҷڱչصʱһ˿û⣬ӦǵʱԼĸˣȻѪâɽĽƳ˱֮ܽĻôĸ׶ȻǱѪ˸ץ
ѪıʵҶȻŭΪЩǸûκν涼ûмԲ̫ĸо⵽κ⣬ǾͲһˡ
˭ҪǸ˺ĸףһѪǰ
һԼȳ񷣬ںڰ֮еİҹ峤̲סһܸܵ仰͸¶ľɱ⣬¾Ҳ޷ֵ

Ѫâɽ֮ϵĴսѾ뵽˰ȻȻ޵УӲشˣӡˣԼҲ˼أɫ԰׵ֽͬһ㣬ѪҺĹ磬ؿ֮϶һڴС͸󶴡
սʮ֣˵ͲУ嶼Ǹ̥˸ոձĹǵ֮⣬˸ͲΪӵ峤֮λԼȫʱ䡣
ټ϶֪һս¹ش󣬶ű֮ģ֣ͬھ֮Уָ棬һȻҲƼأȴڡ
ʱʼϹ۵ĶЦеĿˣλܷݻ֣˵䣿
Ȼ󣬵ȴǡõĴÿ˵Ķ֮УʱȴûԸöЦҡҡͷԣѵľĿһ֧𣿡
£һȺ˳ƽ̨֮ϣǰҶĸף죬󣬶Ȼ·ͬѪʮڣһ٣ȫҳѪɫ⡣

үү
ԵĶӿԵĲ״ͬʱгҲ˶ͣ˴򶷣˶


1056 ˭˵
ıԶǣƶˣȻ峤֮λѾãܲ²Ҫ͵͵ߣӶ֤һ岻ȫԣ˰м壬κη紵ݶǿռ֮ŶҲ
ȻȵѪʮ͵͵ŶԵ뿪ʱԳ֣һ˵ȫ׽ΪҪЮԵش롣
öΪǣ֮󣬶쾹ȻҲ͵͵ȻѪâɽ֮ڣ޷Ƕȴ׽ƷҲ֪˲Ѫƣʱʩչ
񣬶Ȼͬӣ·ͬһŮ죬ټѪʮʮˣȫѪƣסΪǺͶڼ档
Աֹˣ񿴵ԼȻûһѣŭģſھһѪʼͦɽҲڿʼ΢΢

үү
峤
ʮߺҪȥǶԸ˵ѹʩչ˵ǰһεĸǽ赲סǵĲ
ԺȻ뵽ʲôѣ˫Ѫⱬ䣬ĶŶԣȻ֮㲻ͬʱѪʮ
ȷѪʮ鳾֣ѪѪǴﵽ鳾ű۷֮ȻǶĶ֣ʮ֣Ը㲻УҲڻȫܡ
Ц峤ʵĺã㿴ʲô
Ļ£һĶֻаƴС֮ϣ鲼·ϸȥЩ·Ȼ۳һֻ޴ͬڹһȴһֻͷ顣
ԵӶҪ˳ָָŶ㣬㣬㾹Ȼʥȡ˳
ǴЦѵʥӦó⸴Ѫ壬Ҳ㲻Ϊʲô峤Ҫʥӡڵ£ɳ
䣡
Ե϶Ȼһ죬ȫѪҺһ̾Ȼȫ͸ͷ۳һʮߵѪˡ
Ѫ˶أȻĿȴµƣޱѪ⣬Ⱦգĩսһ㣬ΪһжͿһѪɫ
ˣɽµĹ壬˿̶ɫ࣬󣬰ҹʮѾȫڵء
򣬶дһѹƵǲò
ɽ¸ܶǿң˵ɽˣ˶ֳʥȻվ֮⣬Ѿȫڵء
ɫԾɲ䣬һЦԣȻ嶼Ѿʧ˵ѪȻ˳ʥǰʼ潵٣κ˶赲ƣ
һȣʥѾ˶ģǸѪķ˹ȥ
ʥķٶȼÿһľ룬ͻһ̶֣ʮ׵ľɹ֮ʥѾһʼİƴСһСɽһ㡣
·ҲѾѪˣһƬĿԽԽʥзһХ֪ʲô𣡡
£޴Ѫڳ֣̯ͬ񷵹תʥץ˹ȥ
䣡
Ѫ˾ƣʥ֮϶Ȼ˺֮һâǺɫѪ⣬Ǻڹ⡣
ɫâһǰǿƣֱϣѪ˾϶ʱƣЩƻڷɿӣѪ˵ɢȥ
䣡
һ촫ѪΪ̫࣬ڳ׵ı˿»ѪΣͬһһ֮ϡ
ٴ죬Ѫ³ȴһƺâĳ
ѪȫѪۣȫѶĴȻҲǼѾѪ£Ȼ˳
飡
ɽĶվûˣ˫ϥһ˵ϡ

үү
峤
ٴȫŬҪ嵽峤ߣ»ȥҲҪ峤Ȼʥһ㣬ѹ˶ֺܶ
һĻЦԣ峤һʳŲôǿʥã䳾£죬峤֮λֳʥҽΪһ𣬺ɨ£֮ˣ
̧ͷ˿峤֮λ㣬ǣʥԲɶ
ߣһЦָŶԵԣزΪ㻹ʸ˵⻰һ֧Ѿ˥˹ȵףӽԺһˣ
˭˵һ֧һˣ
һͻȻƽͣĴÿ˵ĶС
ɽ֮ϣһýӰһһǶϣһ£ѪȾۣڷ裬ǳ˫̺֮ޱŭ


1057 Ѫ֮
â֮Уһһߵƽ̨룬ߵ˵ǰѪ죬ΪһѪɫսףԵøӢ䲻
֮䣬˵ݷ𿴵Ѫʼ棬޾ڤ֮һ˳ȱѪ塣
Զ̧ͷ֮һ㣬ܹԼµѪƣܹӿеʥΪվˡ
һˣ³˲ȴ̺ɱ⣬ݷҪһС
˶֪˭ΪܹʱѪĽ֮С
ֻжϴżɫ˫͸޾ԺȴҲʣĿˣз߽ͬ
Ҷһ̸ϵˣ
ʱָʵòҲ֪ΪΣ̤ƬҲǰҵѪâɽܸ֮оԼѪȣһԶҪһ㡣
ҶϵЦݳ̣͵һһǰδеΣͻȻӿ֡
ҶκˣߵԼĸ׵ߣĸϲƵѪɫ˫֮ٴ͸һɳɱ
һѪܹס˵ѪȻѣǸ಻Ĳһ㡣
ÿһλѪ˶Բ۾Ҳ޷ţ˾ģһ˫֣ѵ̺
һĻӳ˵ϡ
ͨһ˾Ȼ˶ǰߵ׵Тίˣ
һ仰ٴ˵ȫͬٵˣȻǶĶӣ
ԵжȻѪ⣬Ȼκ˶ԼȷһȻÿҹ˾֮ʱҲᰵ˼ΪŮΪѪϣӲĳεն롣
Ȼ벻ʱսأԼﾹȻһѪ֣
ҲˣΪʲôҶܹѪƵӰ죬ΪѪˣѪѪҺ
ֻܲϵָԼӵӣһοԼӵ࣬ȴ˿İΪеĶӣҶƷɰĽᾧ
ҶŽߵһߣֱӽոĸ׵ͷ֮ʮɫ£γһԲᳬ׵Ľأ֮궼޷ͻơ
ϢһᣬȺ֮ٴ뿪
仰Ƕ컹Ƕԣﶼһ̾
ȻҶΪѪһ֧ˣûľͷеһУûľԭԼ⹫
Ҳʱֹס˿Ϊ֪ԼĶӽ϶Ҫ϶ˣгеʥԼĸѪѪ⣬ҶܹĶ
Ҷٴߵ˶Ȼ˵ߣܵѪʥ˫ѹſڵ¸޷ֻ̧ͷҶ
켱æǾľ˾Ǻøǡ
Ҷ˵ͷһӣһѪӵ׼佫ʮϵѪȫնϣȻٴδһһͬ͵ʮȫո֮С
⼸˸ոջָɣѪʮҪ壬ȥ峤ǲҶ˭˵ŵΨһĿľΪ˱峤һ֧ղۿŶԱɲΣҪˡ
飡
Ȼȫոη֮˻ûҶͬ⣬Ƭãã
ͨ
ʮͬʱ£ҶߵףСү־峤
ҲȾ⹫ɣ
ȻҲҧҪ£Ҷ˫ĿһոųһȥѪʮӲķҲֹ˶Ȼǵ塣
ǶҵĳˣԻ־
ҶѪĸ֮ûкøУҲ֪Щ˵ĵȷȷĳܹǵĹݡ
ԭ㣬֣
ʱ򣬶ڴлعЦſڡ
ž
һ촫Ҷ磬Ȼһƺݺݵ˶ϣ޴ֱӽȷ˳ȥ
ٴ˫ĿԲţҶ֪Ϊʲôʥ֮ǶôҲǰ˵ľ磬ȻܹһƽȷɣӦ˵ʵˣ
Լˣôʲôʱȹƣһǵô˵棬һСȵġ
ֻжһ˿ղҶֵɲǣϺðһѪɫ档
Ѫ壬Ѫ壬ȻʼһѪ֮壡ԺȻһҲ֪˷ܻ𾪵첻Ѫ尡


1058 շʥ
Ѫ֮йʼ涫һ˵˵ڳǶʱ䣬´ңʬҰѪɺӣĸ֮ʱΧˣһѪ֮У澹ȻԼĸ׵Ķ˳
ֻΪĸ̫أҲ˺ۣѪ֮У֮ѪڣȻͬһıʣΪϵһѪ֮塣
죬ӶԵĿоȻ˵ҶҲѪ֮壬ʵ֪˵˶Ϊ֮һ
֮Զô˵ɵģΪֻ֪ʥ̲صܣҶȻܹʥ֮ѹȣֻһֿܣѪ֮塣
ЩҶȻ֪Ҳע⵽ڿͬһɽһǸʥ֣ͬԼǵܵѹܸоһ˿֮УƺֻҪ֣ͻԼһ
Ҷ֣ѾվĶ¶֮ɫ˫֮мҪŭҶС֣ɱ㣬Ȼɱĸˣ
һָǸʥ̻ƶҶͷƮ˹ȥͬʱϵЩ·Ȼڹ⣬ڿ۳һֻ޴Ĺͷ顣
ֻͬʵһīĹ֮ϣȻͬĸ·
䣡
ʥ֮һ䣡
Դ߰ӲͻȻצӣռʱݣ¶һ޴ĺڶ
Ǿ޴ĺɫצֱͬӴԽ˿ռ䣬ңԶʾͷ̽һ㣬Ҷͷݺݵѹȥ
꣡
צӸո³ɽʹһ죬ɽ֮Ȼһ޴ļᴩɽѷ졣
Χɽ¹սĹС˶̲ס̧צӣȻܽһɽѹǶôǿ
ң⻹ʥ䣬ֻǸƵ۶ɣ߸ȷе˵ʥ֮
аȣԼӵеĺ̴ۣ𶦣ҲǸʰ·磬⵽ʲôѵ
צӻ䣬ɽϵһУʮ׸ߵľʯǲĹȫΪ촷ۡ
Щǣÿ˶ڽ߾ȫĵֿţҲ֪Լֲ˶ãצ£˶˲ʧ
ҶҲɫأ˫鱧ţһɽ֣ȻʱͻȻһִٵ֮Ѫķߣ
ҶһԼ⹫ԣҲܿףӦշʥķ
ҶҲ˲࣬ſڸжԲеķһһ˳
˾һĻˣҶЩ׵֮ʱµצӾȻͣסˣ鶯ͷҡΣƺҲǴŵɻ󣬲֪ôǸסˡ
ʱˣѪȻһѪʥ
ڲ֪ķǰ£ֻѪʥȻҲܲٿʥķ
ʱʥƺǶѪȤˣɫâͬһĻ׵ľͽѪ赲⣬ҶҲǸ飬ͬһѪӿʥ
ɫĻҶѪУʱ֮ϴһ֪Դںδĺ֮
ֻƵ۳εľ޴䣬ĿҶһ֮Ȼâʥ֮УʥȻҶ̯ķ˹ȥ
һ̣ң֪¶˵ģҶʼһӵѪ֮壬ԲܱԼҪ׵ʥ
ʥһһС䵽Ҷĵʱ»ָ˰ƴСڹӴ
ɱ㣡
ʱȻͻѣһѪɫì·ܹͱһ㣬Ҷݺݴȥ
ӣһ֣ˣҲ
һۣʱΪ׼˾Ҷʱշʥǲ̾ͿʩչԳûʹɱ֣һҪ϶һ
ʥָԭΣͷųѹȻҲǵȻ޴棬ҲָͬɣһɤӣȷʵǾ˶ǡ
ȷԼ˶Ѿֶ峤ˣǾûлͷ·ߣ첻
ع֮˼Ҳͬʱ֣ͬûк֮ˣСӲ˶뿪
ʮɫȻǺγһ㣬ԱҪɱˣˣѵܷŹԼ
֮ƣֻɱҶԼпܻǣʮҲϷ˹
ʮ鳾֣иλ˵ǿսҶ˹ȥ


1059 ɱ
Ѫâɽɽ֮ϣ⻪Ŀһʱ޾⣬Ʋ񷣬֮£Զǧ֮սڶߣ֮ϵһ̣еĸйȫʧȥãûܹʲô
켸˻ߣ
ʮ鳾ֵĺطתˣֹ֮£ҲӲӡ
¡¡
ըһ㣬֮ŵѪȫֶһѪͬһ㣬ȫ뿪ƣ˹ģҲҶڣ
һƬѪ˷Ѫƾճ֣һ޴ѪɫӰվѪ룬أǳѪȫӰ֮С
ɲ֮䣬壬֮쳹񷣬ѪɫӰͻȻ̧һȭ
Ǽ򵥵һȭƺܹأӭʮ鳾ֵĺһ
һȭؿ
䣡
춯صľ죬ֱ˵Ķڴ˿ȫʧϣֻǲϻ¡¡֮
ʮȫͬ壬һʯͷһˤ˳ȥǵأѪ֮УҶͷ࣬ʺɫѪ֮棬ֿȭս񣬽̤գɱ˳
飡
Ѫɫȭͷֱһֵϣʱؿڻ¶һѪܵĶڡ
ڿлһߣ翪ٵһ㣬ռʱѿһʮ׵ľ޴ѷ죬긫Х׼俳ֵԴ
ʮ˸˷Ѫ֮Ȧס˽ʮˣ
˶ˣʮ鳾ֺˣּ侹Ȼ֣ͬʱסʮˣֱһսٰ
˸ղֵѪȫѪ˳֮࣬оǳǿƣʮץסᣬΪ©֮㣬̵ľʹ˳ƴĳʡ
ܣһ뿪
ҶѪҺȫȼѪ֮ڱʩչ˼ޣڵԷӳ˵ʵƶʩչͬһƲһƮߵʮ׷˹ȥ
ЩߵٶȶǼ죬Ǵ˿ҶඥŰ˵ľ磬Ȼ֮нƶʮҲ˳ˮ磬гһһҶ
λϳֵҶոһȭһˣһλϵҶҲѾӿ³Ѫһֵ壬ԶӭϦһɫľ޴Ӱبʣնһõͷ­
ÿһҶ֮Ȼһҽǿ˷ʤĲڿеѪټӰսͬɱһ㣬Ӳֱӻʮ֡
ʮҽмͬһʱ𣬶ʱҶڿµЩӰʧѪҺҲ˼ޣ޷ټְ˵սȻĻԼܵ˺
ѾӵÿҪӰҶһҧ˫֮ϳһŽɫ󹭣£׼ܵԶҲɱĶ
һʧɫ
ʸڿдһǧ׳ľ޴ѷ죬޾ڰףľһʵһ㣬βڶ
ҴһƳʱŵðνһֱʵɽ֮
䣡
Ѫɽ壬Դݿ֮ƣɽ嶴ɽ̮ѪҲ֮Ϊޡ
Ȼųһ亹ǼһֳָһЦݵС֣֮һᱨģʱһѪ塭
ۡһ죬˶Ļһ֧ϸ緢˿ѪͻȻӶֱӹᴩüģ
ɱ
ؼҾһԸҶҶȴԸ
鼸Ҫɳۿ˲֮ɫҲ޷֣Ȳʤȯܹ峤ıܹһ֧ȻֳʥѪ磡
ǣеϣһ֧˿ϸѪӰ
ڴӿֱֱȥˤһ̲ࡣ
Ҷһɱ֮Ķ֮󣬻ȼյѪ֮Ҳ֮Ϩ
û˰˵սҲ޷׷ѾԽԽԶˣȻʱһʹŹ壬׷˳ȥ
Ҷ»صѪâɽ֮ϣӸµĿűѪΧŵĽʮ֣˶Ѫ峤
һЦ;β˳Ҫ׵ĽȺͽ֮ɱ
ȻʱԺȻڣԼΪ΢һ
ҶȻתԼ⹫
ȻڶżĲҲ֪ղʮֺԼĹΪԼ⹫ڹؼʱ̣ѪȫԼϣӶѪ࣬Լ
һеĶԣҲѾ˾ͷԼҶͳ㣬Ҷ޷ΥӲջ˻棬һ˶ԵߣĬȻ


1060 ֮
ҶȻʲôһУջոеĶȫ嵽˶Եߡ
ʱĶԣϵɼǵ˺ۣȻȴûаѪɫ԰׵ľһŰֽһȻⳡս˼ĴۣȻ˺ȴΪղǿѪƣ͵Ҷߡ
ЩѪȫıѪ̻ȫޣ͵ǳڵѪѾڤڤˣѪѪ޹ųŵڡ
˶Χ˶Եߣȴûһ˸ȥΪ΢һ̼ܶϾԵһ˿

үү
峤
ÿ˳ܹԵĳƺ֮⣬Ҳ޷˵һ֣ȫѪѪҲǻĿͨ죬ؽҧ
˵Ǹףүү峤Ѫ죬Ѫһĸɽ
ȻڣҪˣɽҪˣ
Բûȥˣ˿˫Ѿʧȥɵ۾ֻǶҶһˡ
⹫⹫
ųҶ֡
ҶҲͬעŶԣ˫ĽģȻޱ飬Ǵ˿Ҳǰٸн
ˣӲĲɢԼĸĸԼһ˵ڶûžۣҶĺ
ǸղţԼΪۣԥľԼҶ޷ٺޣοҶ⹫ϹͷŽѪף
̧˰ڵ
Ҷԥһº˹ȥ˶ԵǰԾĶҶ˰Σ԰׵¶һ΢Ц㶼ôˣϴҿʱ㻹һ֮еСӤ
˵Եž˼ŵ֪϶ңҲɢĸĸҲϣȷʵĲԣϧûкҩܹϻǣңҺܸˡ
ҶͻȻִӻͳŵҩһ˶ԵĿУⶼǴȺڵ鵤ǶڶԴʱȴû˿á
ԼҲЦŵҲˣĵĸ˵ԲҲϣܹԭңֻϣܹܹտѪ壬Ҫһ壬ҵУ
Ҷؽҧ֮ҲƣԶǰںǸ⣬˿ܹ˵ܾ֮ǣԵĵ˵ͷ
һ̣ĲϣԼ⹫ԼȥΧҲѾ޵òˡ
Ե¶ɫѾʼɢͶգĵⱲӣһ£һ£һ¡
ŶԵ˥Ѿ֮ʣҶȻΧѪ˵ѵѪ֮оûа취ܹ𣿡
׹öѹѪ˫ԲȻһָҶСү㣬ǲѪ֮壿
ղҶʹӶԵĿˣ˵ԼѪ֮壬ԼʲôѪ֮壬Ҳ׷ʵʱֻܼ׷ʵôܾ
Ѫ֮ĻѪϵʥҩ峤Ѫ壬ֻҪѪ峤ڣҲܹ
ѪĻո£Ҷ֮ѾһѪͬһ㣬ֱӳ˶Ե壬ǿת
Ȼȴû˿ķӦȻ˫ۿ죬ͬһ̶ˮû˿

үү
峤
һ̣˶ʶ˶Ѿȥˣÿ˶ʹʧ˵֮ϣֻҶȻ˫Ŀ죬ѪҺӿһȻŶԵӿȥ
ͣɣ⹫Ѿˣŵ

ҶѪ죬ؽҧŶԣһһĵ⹫㲻
һħһȻöѾʧȥȻһҶҲ֮¶ϲɫԭ붫ڵѪͬţ뺣һһ˿Ӧ
Ҳ漣æźź⹫
⹫
ҶȻһȣͷȻƬѪȻٴθ֣Ѫ֮вӿ˻ǧˣǸѪɫӰҲֻ֣ĳֺÿζͬ
ѪɫӰԭֻһҶħһӰȻڣȻӵԼʶΪݷڵͷŶԡ
ͻȻѪɫӰ𣬻һѪ⣬ֱĳ˶Եڣ
Ե巢һҵĲ˫ܾ֮ȻĸֳһѪɫ
Ի
Ҷˣ
һŮӵȻӿд˵ע
ֻһʺӿмٻǳʥʹ壬󣬳ʮӰȫڣɱڵ
ҶȻվ˫Ŀ֮ͬɱָŭ𣺡ã죬ҶҪѪϴ壡


1061 ɱ
⹫Ȼ˸ļ󣬵ȻҶŭ޴йͻȻȺ֣ǡÿսһ
ŶĴȴͬһˮһϣ׽ͷŭϨˡ
Ǵˣڵ֮ѰعȻҪĴ򴩣ӶµѷԽԽٲֲѪܿҪˣ
ѳѪ˵ķĹӶĿⶼȥҶ͹ļƻȻЩǿѰع£ȻַѪҪǰҶû뵽顣
Ȼֵ˲ȴ
ѪһȻԼ֮壬żѾ˥Ѫ壬Ҳһа취뿪Ѫ磬أ
ͬĹزСһͨˣûСôõˣ̫֮壬Ȼдӻǡ
Щʵ΢ʿȵ飬޷뿪Ѫ磬Ӷ⵽û֣֮
飬ΪҶһ֮ҷ𣬼û֪£ҶԼҲԭԼ
ô죿
Ҷɽ£СͷڴĿɽֲܹϵѷ
ʱ򣬿߷ʮֵͻȻֳһȺˣȺֻʮǸɢǿƳ磬ҪıҶϺöȺˡ
аֵܣÿ˶¶̰ɱڣҶ˹
ҶڸոձϨŭһεȼԶȸղҪʢѪҺŭڣڷ裬Ȼһŭ𣺡ɱ
ɱ죬Ѫ磬ز
ҶУ죬ͬһս񣬾£
ѪˣԶսˣѾ𾪵ĺ£ˣǹƥӭʮ鳾֣жʮﵽ鳾ű֮Ϊɱʲô
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Ҷֵǰͣ
ʵڲϵƭ֮󣬲û׼ҪΪܵ˸˵ĴѶ֪ѪâɽһУ̸ϹԮ
ЩҲͨ彻̸ĻˡҶ֣žҪ
ɱ
ҶȻһһѪɫĿ籡˹Ȼ۳һ޴ֱ˾վһλ彣ʹ
顱һһ޴Ѫڿſ彣ʹӦʱ䶼ûУֱӱҶһ
֮ɱ֮
һĻסˣҶȴץסᣬѪҺޱ߻潫Ѫ֮ٳҶʵȻıﵽ˰֮
û˿˷ʱ䣬һ֧޴Ѫɫ£ͬݣӲѹ֡
˹뷢УһλԴԽڶ
Ҷɱ֣Ҫһս
£ԴȻߣһ޼һһҶɱȥ
Ҫһﵽ鳾䣬ټ屾ͱǿ˴ʵ൱鳾䡣
ҶһЦлȻһⳤҲû϶¾һ¡
ۣ
Դ˲䡣
໣
һֽдֱ˽һ𣬲ȣȥء
һ߳ףëһ޸˻һڹ⣬ǰ壬Ҿ޸Ҳͬ׼Ҷֱȥ
Сɽһ׳壬ȫӲĽΧָײķɵ˿УľһͷԶһ㣬Ʋɵ
;޴ٶҲͬ˲Ϣ֮ͳ嵽ҶǰҶȻ㲻˫Ŀ䣬ӭȥ
һһײһ
䣡
شײһײ֮£ιԶͬ¡¡֮ڶ
޸ֱӺȻը嵹ɳȥ
˿Ķľ֪Ƥ񣬷ˣ֮壬鳾űĸ֣֮ǿ޷ȻȴΪҶײ˳ȥ
֪ҶʶѨλͨͬ˫ա
Ҷһײ̲ȳƶϵѪɫ棬ͬһϣȭֽͬʱк˹ȥ
໣
췢һҽУ޴ͦƬ֮ͻȻһѪ籡ѪȾգӱҶը˿Ȼ¡


1062 Сĵ
һٴٿȻҶٲ֮Уˮ鼤УͬʱҶ塣
ǻһλӳԼĳ
ҶȻ壬ЦһԪˮͷ֣ͬһٴ£ˮ̺֮·ͷųȻЩ׼ˮͳͳ˽ȥ
ɲǼ䣬Ҷ磬ѾӻԪˮ֮³ǰ˫ִ󿪴ϣŶԷź
ռ¶һ޴ĺڰڣûбҶ˫ȭǾ޴ײ֮ȴǽӲײնУת˲պ£Ҳ֮ʧ֮С
ԣ
Ҷŭ죬Ѫ֮ڴﵽޣȫǲܲ˵ҪЩ˵ѪϴŭԳ֮䣬һбˮ
֮䣬ȫȻ˼𶯣ҲᶨҪɱҶ֮ġ
ӲպѪ罫֮ˡ
ӰƮҶΧɱ
Ҷ岻ͻȻӰӣ죬²ֱӰս˶סͬʱһɫӰ˰ΧȦ֣߾Ӱͬһ㣬׼Ѫ죬ո˵Դ
Ӱӳֵͬʱվɽ¹սڶవҹͬʱ¶𾪣ȻѾ֪ҶʩչӰս⻹ǵһۿʵ޷󣬶ҸֲǣҶӰսȻǰҹƺҪǿ٣
ͻȻҹһҽУ˺Ȼȥ˰ҹΧ£˹
̫֮壬עҹǰҹδ֮ԲκεʧȻͻȻҽе£Ȼ˶Χȴ֪ô졣
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˿ҹæʵ峤ôˣ
ҹվҡҡͷû£ǣҶܻ£Ҳܵһ˿̫֮ӰҼΪǿ̫֮ӰĺпӰ棬֪ҶԼշĻӰдģǰߵĻãǺߵĻҶܿҪӰ尡
̫֮ӰӰ棿
ҹ˵Ȼ֪ҹССѾںֻ̫֮Ӱ飬ȻҶƺҲһֻ̫֮ӰһǼΪǿӰ棬ⲻĥѵ˵Ҷǰҹ˲ɣ
ҹСֽ߬ȭͷɫĵҶıӰɹҲĩգӰ֮󣬼޵У
ĩգ
峤ʲôƽ֮ûУ
Ҳ֪Ҷ״̬ӦѾӰռ൱ʱˣ죬ǶȥҶ壬ϽЩˣǴҶڣʿ峤ƽ֮
ҹûʣǱҲǿһ壬˵˻ˣѪ壬Ҳûо⣬˿峤һ£Ӧһ˱СΣ֮⣬˵֮϶ʱһ׳ɫӰӡ
ɱ
˻˵Ӱӣ˸߿ա
Ҷһֵ֮һվ²ȾѪĮȻĻʣ֡
Ȼ嶼ɱҶ󻼣ҲҶ̶ֲϵɱʽ𾪣鳾ű֮ǿ߶˲ɱȥĽ
ͬʱֵĺ󷽣ЩĸҲȻԴķʽš
ֵȿڣģСǿı̬˰ɣӦòʮ꣬ô˾磿
һͷϳжǵĿӵͷǰսߣҲ˫嶼Ķ֡
һλڱڵϹ֮еĸҲԵչȥ֮꣬п¶Ҳ֣޵ˣ
ǿǿ޵еδأǿѪƣʷأѪһطȼշѪҺӶʱսĻôֲ˶ã
˵һλҸ˫ᣬޱ쿡Ůˡ
ȻΪɵΪеĲ˵һʥ޲һ֧ᣬȻǿ󣬵Ϊʥޣߣ
һ崫мΪԶѪط֪֪ܵ
аҲ֮ڵ֮ǲǻɱ֮ȵ˫ƣ֮ǲͬʱ֣ɱλʥʹɾҪ鷳ˡ


1063 ɫС
ҶִͬսĹ̵У֮ԲûгΪĿʼղϵԶȺ˵Ѳš
ԼЩ˵ĿһΪҶϵĸֺöû뵽ҶȻʦܣȻٳˡ
֪ȺԼͬĿĵ˵ʵȻаֵܣˣǵľ綼鳾ű䣬ÿ˶Ǹ磬еһ˽ܣгرǵʵ϶ҪǿЩ֡
ˣҪֹǰг֡
˿Ҷؼ䣬ɱ۾һһֵӹͻȻһһֶʱֳ룬ѪҺĽ
Ҫû͵ϮҶҶ˿ʶѾһߵľ磬˵һһ֮Уܱ͵Ϯ
󣡡
һλ̫ϳϸߺһʱȫƶ֮һ嫵ĽȻ͡
ʮ鳾ֲµĽ󣬽Ű죬վĽϽ˶ܸоǷĽƺҪԼļæܿ
֮УȻĸֳһĽɫ·һ϶ɵľҶȫ
ɱ
̫ϳһ£ͬʱ֣תɰǧâɳͬһĿޱȣնƲ񷡣
ҶЦһ˫֮Ѫɫᴩͫʣн֯һϸ緢˿Ľɫ磬Щܿ챧һ۳һţɣȻͬһСС̫Ҷһ㡣
ɫĿ֮ƺܹأ͸Ѫ˸֮һۡ
۲߱ʲô¿Ͽ¿ģȻҶոûжãϱԴ֮磬Ѿ۳ЧһЩе
ǹɱֻ֮󹥻ŵ֮Уʲô󷨣Ҷ֮£һƬһƬĳ˳
Ҷƶʩչÿ£̸һƬƣױܿйȴȫȻȭֹֽ˹ȥ
䣡
ৣ
ЧƮ죬˫Ƶ
âɻƵĽ֮УҶͬ򻨴йƬҶմĵطᴫһ죬һХȻЩͬʱҲһѪա
գ֮䣬ҶѾӽ֮Ȼʮ֮ȫʬ壬ӿ׹ȥ
˲ĴۣҶȼյѪ֮ϨȥѪ֮սıﵽ֮Ҳᣬһٻɱ˶ʮ֣Ѿ޷ټά״̬
ʱ嶸ȻһСģ
ˣ
һ˼µɱͻȻҶһ֮ǿ˸ղŽеʮֺ֮
һڰа
ʶа˶֪޼᲻ݵĴ룬ʵΪ̵ȴǽ
һûκ֪ܣΪǼаˣѾΪ˳
ΪɱҶаϧ¶ԼһܣһǳҶѪ֮ոȥɲǰνɱϣ˫
ȻʼڶԶˣʵҲֻǿакֻ֣֣ܺһСҶ
Ҷոʮ֣Ѫ֮Ѿﵽ޶˵ս˲鳾߱ʵûӦһĿܡ
ֱҶüģȻûǿĽȴѾҶü֮һССĿӣһѪ¡
һ˶ΪҶǱˣ嶼̲ס۾̿Ҷľ
ﬣ
Ҷ֮ʣü֮ͻȻһ˾ĴĽɫС˾Ȼһɫ̽ƿüĳ˳
˽𽣲õס˰а֮ʤһҼһǰ֮ǰһѪ𣬰аü֮϶ȻһСƬ̺Ȼˤ䡣
һɫСŽɫ̽»صҶü֮УüĿٱպϡ
һһļž֮˾г꣬Ȼܹƿػʶ֮ɱˣСӵ֮ȻҲǿ󣡡
ҶշĹ̵УҲ֮õ벻ĺôΪ˰˾ĺͯңʶħ콻Ļ꼼Ҷлʩչղһ֮ʣüʩչ˳
Ȼˣ
ԭаıʤһǵûɱҶҶɱҲüĶ


1064 Ѫ
а͵Ϯɷɱ˵ж˾⣬ʱҹӹ嶼Ѿ˹վҶԣעŻʣ½ʮ˵Ӵˡ
ŲƬ̵ʱ䣬ԭʮĸ֣ȻѾҶɱ֮һ첻ҶʤǰܣɱҲؽѪܱ磡
ĿǰҶü֮еѪ֮⣬ºˣ·֮϶ûմȾѪǿ֮ȻûɢѪȫһԹһĮ°վƺֶûжһ¡
ĸǻĸǣ˿̶ڴţɱǸϽˣȵԺ˵
ϾҶѾһˣа˵Ĺ壬ҹİ֣ѪȻҳһţ峤ѪʮȴҲǶǿߣʱܳҶ
ȷŹҶֵȳˣ
ֵȱ̬ԥת뿪Ȼ󣬵ԶԼҪҲȺĻȷɱҶѪ壬ԼҲܸܿĴۣ˭֪Ҷɱ˭
ǵĴͷʮĸҲǵ뿪Ψвɫ֮еĸ֣֮ǰĿһҶ
ʮֵ뿪ֵҲͬˣ˴˶һ֮󣬻̫ϳϺĶҶҶӽ쿪ʼѪ֮䲻ݣ
仰ַ֮׷׳ˣͰҹֶҶȴɱǲɱ
ȻҶȴһһޱվһԲֱиȫʧ֮ȻһѪ˫һգԵȥ
Ҷ
վȻӦҲ죬ֻɳ˲ɵҶ½𣬾ʱͻȻҶûȫϣֻһ϶۾֮УƺһӰ
Ҷ޵Уʵֻ鳾߱ѣҽѾʩչѪ֮ڣټշʥ;ȶԵʱȺѪԪʹˣȫһӲŭսڡ
ڵˣѪΣսˣҲ;ƿݵĵزҲ޷֧š
Ҷµһ̣ѾĶȻ۾ˣ
Χߵϲǣϲ峤ǵǲ֪ҶôˣҶѾ֤ʵǶԵ⹫ŮҾͳչֳǿʵЩѪԤϣֻҪ⣬ȻΪѪһε峤
ҶǺʼһѪ֮壬ôпѪĻԻͣΪһĵ𡪡Ѫۣ
ֻɳҶ壬ɽ֮ϣһ˹ȥҲǼѵڼѪĲ˻ɤӵˣȥȥ
һ£ֶ嵽ҶߣʱҶƤѾ׵ͬһӨ͸ܹĿƤ֮µѪܺ͹ͷѪҺʧĺ
˵ҶͳѪʥͶԣʩչѪ֮ڣʵ˼ޣѪ֮ӦѪڣȼճɻ档
κζһȼճɻ𣬱ȻͻģѪ֮ѪҲ⡣
Լ޷ֻܴĺţҶ
ӦѪʧ̫࣬ǵѪܹ𣿡ӶȻĵѾԼֱۣ׼ԼѪҶڡ
ƨҲ֪ȻѪ֮壬ڸǾѪʼ洫УǵѪẦ̽Һϵʥȥ
ѪʼĴУҲÿһѪ˶ܾѵģѪѾûܹˣΪ峤ȴ֪ҶʩչѪ֮ڣǱֻоѴ֮˲ʩչȻܹ³
ԵĻȫסˣѪأǵط˵˽붼޷ųȻ峤ȻҪҶʥأǲ
˶жͬһֻŭʨһһûأѵҵĻǾ͸Ҳ𣿡
һŭ˶ԣүղŶѾˣڻ֮Ȼͣ治֪
Ҳ˵ֱָȺ̧Ҷ壬˲ŶԣѪĽء
ϣһƬѪɫɽȣ뵣ֲѪƣκ˶ʶ۾ɽڵΡ
ÿѪ˴Ӷͻᱻ룬ǽأܽȥȥĻκ˶ٻųԽѪ־ĵط
վڽ֮⣬˵ĲĵߵҶߣȻ˶˵֮⣬淢ʲô¶׼


1065 ʼ֮Ѫ
ԳıҶ壬Ųǵ߽ɽ֮У˲ͱЩ뵵Ѫɫûˡ
ѪȻţ峤˭ҲΥֻܷ׷ȥһֱ˵˰֮⣬Ͱҹ˶ĵȴţ˭Ҳ֪֮е׻ᷢʲô
֮УѪŨֲָǶ֪ĵ·һ۾һ·ŲֱͣƬ֮ͣ
ԼɼǰһѪɫʯ̨СĽҶ£Ȼ֮ɫ˫־˰ڷҶؿڵʥĽŵʯ̨֮ϡ
䣡
ƴСʥʯ̨֮ϣȻһɽȻ׹һ㣬ֱѪâɽ˾ҵĲʯĽѷ졣
֮⽹ĵȴ֮ˣͻȻľһǶҪš
ʥ֮˲Ϣ֮侹Ȼͱߵһ޶ռѪɫʯ̨ȻԭȾרΪ˰ڷʥ֮á
ͻȻƽһ쫷磬ֱΧŨѪ˲ɢڶ֮ϾȻֳһƬѪ⣬ֻϧûѪȻĻֱҶĳһģһ
ûѪѪ֮ȴֳһֻͷ飬Ȼ䡣
һĻĵ³һȻٴαҶ壬Դʹһߵʯ̨ıԵȻҶֱӶ˶У

ʥ֮оȻ˺˷Ѫ죬أһѪӿȵѪֻм׸ߣԽѪԽߣﵽ˰֮ߣڰ֮˶ܿ
⵽ô£
˵Ķ߸߾𣬶ɺ˻Ķȴӿ˼֮ɫȻʥڵأеʼ飬ҲѪ֮壬첻ФﶫԶµһѪ⺢ڣ
ʥ֮ܣѪʼ涫һѪ
棬һλһΪʮأ飬£˲֪˲δﵽ˾֮ʱԷս죬ѹˡ
꣬ĹƬضΪ֮ս˫Ѫսһµ¶˿֮档
ѪĽĽǸಢ棬ԶԶƵԶʱĳ֣Ťת棡
Ϊ־磬һ˿һѪ׻ɱˣټѪ֮壬ˣ֪µһѪǶô󣬿κ鵤ҩ
ʥΪʲôᱻƬ֮УΪѪͬʥڣѪ̣Σ֮ʱ峤ܽȡ¡
ϧȻðѪ֮踣͵أȡʥԼʥеʼ֮ѪҲΪʲôԻôŭ𾪣ϧʩչѪҪ˶أǣѪʥʼ֮ѪǰҲͬ۵һ
ΪԼҲΪ׳Ѫ壬ԲϧʼѪҶڣ
ҲֵģΪ֪ҶܷܵסʼѪѹ΢ĵľǣҶͬ˫ԶԶѪκˣ޷֮Ტۡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷھ޶֮УüһѪسظѪʼ涫ǵѪƺԥҪҪҶڡ
֮ãҶüѿһ죬ǳ˵ֻ۾һǵѪҲǻһѪ⣬ֱӳ˽ȥ
ͬʱǧѪâɽ֮ϣͻȻһƬѪɫƲʣ಻ĥ̴ϸһһѪ֮ľһһֱѪâɽٴηҵ𶯡
׳۵࣬Բ֮ڵ˶Ŀãÿ˶Ǿ彻ӣԷۺͲ²֮
ǲҪͻ鳾ű䣬֮˰
е񣬾˵֮ʱҪ׵ϴ񣬷̥ǣΪˡ
ѪâɽѵѪ峤ԣ֮ǰѾǰ֮ѵͻˣ
ܣ֮ǰѪʮ巢ңԾ˵Ѿ䡣
ǸòǸҶɣ
˭֪Ѫ϶Ҫˣ˵飬Ѿʼ׼һٹѪâɽѪ壬Ѫֳ˾࣬ҲһսĻ
ȻֻһѪѪ̺ϴȵҶ֮󣬾ǻһڵĴӣϳˢ壬ϴԭǿޱȵ
̼Ϊȥʮ֮ãЧҲǼΪʼ֮Ѫϴ֮Ҷ徧Ө͸ˮһ㣡
ĿǰΪֹһжǼΪ˳ֻҪȵʼ֮Ѫ볾Ǿʹ󹦸ɡ
Ȼʱ̣ǾӨ͸֮ͻȻһɫӰӣĿ£ţӰ֮Ȼ̽һֻͬצƣֱҶü֮ҶꡢԼѾеǵʼ֮Ѫ


1066 ʼ
ҶӨ͸֮ͻȻܳǸӰûĹצɹͻƽҶ꣬˵֮С
ʱҶüͷ΢΢Ȼ´ȻԵ״̬֮£걻룬˵Ҳһ־޴ĥԲСľпɢ
צʼ֮ѪԽԽ֮ʱҲ֮ۿֻ̺ܽѪץĵʱѪͻȻһһɺɫ·ѸٹѵĴһɢ
ֻצȻӦ죬˻ȥȻһСͻָ˺ɫ·ıԵ
û˿ָʱϢ֮лޡ
ɫ·Ȼڲӣ֮޿赲ĺһ޴Ĵѹݿ࣬ƵǸӰƴֱһۼ޷ĺڵ㣬ҶѾͨӿȪѨУӹһ١
ͬʱһ¡¡촫ѪâѾ˰֮õƬصѪɫƲ֮УͻȻ˸ָİ֮Ϊʹĥ
ȻϸȴЩ˷İһ֮ǳĺģ
һһּµĶȻȴһƬѪ֮
ʥ֮УһӴϢ𣬸ߴɣֱӳɢѪƣһӣأڷ磬Ѫɫ˫̺֮ϣһɨرɫɽҰ𶯣ʮ׸ɽ׷ױ档
⣬ʼˣ
Ѫ֮ȫڵأȻûʼ涫棬Ѫ֮ȴһ񣬲֪λʦ֣֮ɼȫͨһ֧ʸ
ˣһصĺӣѪܹһϳŽı֮ۡѪ۶棡
Ѫ֮ҲݣѾˣǣеһ
ӰɲǾը˿Ѫ⣬ͬһƬѪâɽ
ҶڵѪҺͻȻٴηȻУѪɫȼգҲ͵˫ۣѪɫ
꣡
֮£ӲɢƬֵ֮Ѫɫɽ֮оȻգָǬ
ҶһɰȻͷŶֱøʯϼһһ㡣
ʼ棡
ѾڵϿʮĶԣʼǱֶͷص״̬ʱҲȻ̧ͷ˴ʥ֮վҶ֮䣬·𿴵ʼ涫棬̲סѿڶ
һҶҲ׵ѹ˫Ŀɨ֮£ԾȻԼǰһǰæ
⹫
ԣѪ֮֮ǿߣ̲֮סĲݺᣬ˫߬ҶҪ˵ȴֻһͷ
ŶͷĿİ׷ҶѾԭԼ⹫ȻղŴڻԣǶѪ壬ȴ˽⵽˺ܶණ֪Ѫı֮⹫Լĺ
ʵҲˣʼ֮Ѫ䱦󣬶洴Ѫʱգ֪ȥѪ峤βȴûһ˸ҶѪȻ죬ΪԼȴǺԥ
·Ѫǿ̣ҲҪȫҶ
вû˿һ⹫κ۰ܵҪЩֲ˶ѣ
ҶŶߵԱߵһʯͷ£û˵˫֮жȻһ̫֣ڵκεĳС
ڶҶȻ֪ѪеѪɫӰĪĹϵԾ˺ֵزһ֮£׷
ӿѪҺ纣һ㱼Ϣлһ˿Ľɫһ֮ˣѾ˴Բ磬׼߾ǿߡ
òףԲֹͣᣬҶԼߣڿԭ⹫ˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ⹫֪ΪѪһ֮ΪһλףЩ뷨ǿģ
ҶиŮôҲϣԼŮܹҸõķҶҺҶƷɣȷʵ޷κεڴ
οͷͺãô˵ҵ϶ǴģʮЦݣҵҲʮʹ࣬Ҷͻ磬ǽǶӹֻҲԼĿԡ
ѪѾ˥ĽҶҽѪ磬ǾͲнҶܽ춫һ֧ľͳ
飬ţ༰ڤڤ֮ƺѾעǣһȫ˭Ҳ˵
ȻҶѾԭ⹫ҲԸϾȥæת˻⹫û˰ɣ
仰͵վʥȻҴȥм£ǱҪŪ


1067 䶦
ҶתѪɫʯ̨֮ϣʥȻǰڶԸʱѾѪʥ֮УŶԽ̸Ŀضķ׶ϿͶ֮ϵѾշǶ𶦣ȴһرĸо
Բ֪ҶʲôҲ֮ʥʥΪ䣬ʼ浱겻֪λõģΪʼ޵ֵʱ򣬾Ҳûù˶ҽΪѪʥ
򣿡
Ҷеץס֣򡱣һָĶѹϷѹĳֶʼ澹ȻὫ˶Īǻ˼
ǺǣǵģΪ˵ʼץһֻʥ䣬̫ѱʼԴͨӡʥ֮Уʼ治ٽʥ֮Ϊ˷ֹңɴͬͶڣ
ʥ䣡
ȻҶûмʥޣǼʶʥ޵ĺᣬһǿޱȵĴڣ˵Ϊʥ֮һˣǸ߲ʡ
Ȼʼ涫澹Ȼܹץסһֻ䣬ҽǿзӡʥ֮У붼̫¡
ʵֻĴ˵Ҳһʵģʥ޶пõģҾʵģʥڵʱ䶼ѾˣҲɻˡ
ڶԵĽͣҶϿɣΪǰշʥʱļǵãͷƵ۶ɵ³ʥ֮ǰĿԼһۣ
һƺǺشԲһ
пܣֻȻӡʥ֮У
뷨ҶԼеԽܣųʥе䣬Ȼлϰ֮ã
Ҷţʥʥ׻ȸˣ׻䡭
ȻҶٴθֳСС̫䣬Ͷʥ֮ϡ
ܹ֮õʥȻʶܿ͸ģۿܷ͸ӶڲǷĻһֻʥ䣬ܿϧһƬڰ֮⣬ʲô
Ҷȴǲµ䶦ʵݡ
ӦҲһʥһͻ긫ͬλʥˮʥ
ʥ鶼иԵԣľ׻ȸˮ
Ҷõ긫ʱΪ긫вŵֻɫľ޻ʥް׻ڷɸɽʱ֪֮ʥް׻ǻ긫۳ģͬһıꡣ
ʥް׻ںηû֪
ǰ䶦ˮʥôкܾܿʥ䡣
ͬϵʥ۾һʥѾС
Ҷؼ˴֪ʥܹﵽļ¾磬ʥͨʥָ߳һǿܹ֮۳˵·ȻҪ伤ҲҪ߱Ӧʵ
ҶԶԶ߱ʵʥвܷ̫
Լһܹʥͷŵ£
Ҷ䶦֮һУڿնֱӷҶüģ뵽֮С
Ҷ֮УѾ߱˽𡢱ˮϵʥȥҪɱ˿϶ˡ
ڵҶҲͬȣ˿ˮͷ֮Ծɢʮɫ֮
ľˮ׵ѪԷټѪ
ںʼ֮Ѫľ羹ȻٴѪֳַһʺɫķҲֲѪԣ
ʵҶڱѪԣֻһֱ֪ǵȸ½磬Ȫ·ʱáغ쳾շı˰ᣡ
Ϊڤ֮ı˰Ѫ
ʼ֮ѪĺʼղҶı˰ศɣɹںϣҶ˳֮
Լֱе㲻Լ۾ԼﾹȻֻǳ֮ȴ׵Ļɱ鳾űĸ֣
Ҷͷϵǰ˿ɫˮ飬ȴ̾˿鳾ԽԽˣȵԼﵽػǾųһʱҪٴʵΨһ취ǰʮѰʦµĳ
⹫߰ɣ
ԺҶڴѪ֮˳ǵ뿪ԭѾɢѪɫȻٴγ֣˲ɽȡ
Ҷе⣬Ȼȴǿһɽ֮ζĵﻹʼһ
ھʲôȴû˵ҶҲû׷ʣΪ֪Լȡʥںʼ֮ѪѪʧȥһǿ̣Ȼʼ涫Ϊµıֹһ֣


1068 ֵλ
ҶͶԵ뿪ûκ֪ԼѪԾɿڰ֮⣬ЩǸոջʼ棬ǸŵҲڲ䣬ʼ涼ˣҶѵ
Ѫ﹩Ѫһֱȵλ룬ٸңɴ˿ɼѪʷ̫Զ
ղҶʼ֮ѪҲ֪һЩ֪ѪѾֻ꣬ʱʵ̫ԶԶҶ޷ʱһΡ
ϷȻʼ涫棬·ǶʮλȻЩλ֮£ֵһλʣλⵥλ·
λеķҶеɻ󣬵ȴҲѯʡ
ѪȣȰݰݰɣ
ҶĶЩλݾߵ֮վ
ʵ岢һֱ׳ܳһʱ䣬ʼ濪ʼ´˶ʮ峤ȻѪʹʧ㼸ʮʱ䣬û֪ȥмʷϾֱڶʮߴ峤֣
ʮߴ峤ǵеǸλҶĺд֡죡
ѹλҪ˰ڷţԭѪ廹ôһι¡
Խŵڶʮߴ峤֮ʱǽʮ֮ǰͬһλʵԸʼᲢۣݺûж֣ǣ˱֮⣬˸֪Ĵڡ
Ϊʲô
ΪȻǵڶʮߴ峤ؽѪȴǵڶʮ˴峤ҲĶӣ˵ʵﵽ۷֮ʣͻȻ뿪ˣֻ뿪֮ǰΨһ˵һ仰ܻǾؽѪ壬һزǾؽѪ壬֮ڲ䣬κҲ׼֮Ҷ
Ҷüͷ벻λΪʲôҪôѵԺûг𣿡
ûУ֮ʧˣҲû˵κϢֱ֮ڸܵϢ
ҶȻתͷԼ⹫˫֮ƣƺҪ⹫￴͸Ϊʲô˵Լ֮ڸܵλϢ
ԼҲǱüָԼ֪ΪʲôΪ㳾֮еǸѪɫӰһƾһ涫ľ
䣡
ҶֻԼԴһȫը˿Ƭͣķصѡ
ħ죬ԼʦȻѪڶʮߴ峤죡
죬죡
⣬⣬ôܣ
Ҷ˵ŲܣһһƬȴƴһͼɲ֮䣬˺ܶ顣
˵Ƿ˻֮ͱͣ˫Ҷ
֮Ҷ𾪵ıɢȥƽȴӿһɱ
Ҷˣ
֮ţʵͨ죬˾˵ĹעҪ˳ǶһǣѱȻϣΪĳ˷ս
Ҳ֪Լľܾ˵ı뿪֮ǰԼĶӣһȥأôΪ˱ᱻ˲ɱʱ䣬ȵ½֮Ѫ䡣
սĽ˵ȻˣûǱ˴ѪȻȴŲġޡѪսĹȻһѪӳѪʼѪͽƷ죡
ȻգȻʧˣԼ֪ȥһʲôڣΪԾȣҲΪ˾ˣͬʱΪܹδɵԸͨѪͷһδεͶ˷˽磬Ͷ˱˽Ƶʮ磡
ԭҶʼΪԼܹ֮õѪĴУΪԼã֪ʦħʵҲԼ֮ʶһж˼İţ
һʮǰ棬Ȼô׼ȷĽѪ뵽еһϣͨҲ޷ġ
Ҷ֮ҲǱĿɿڴѪ粢Ѫ˶֪оĴڣҲﵱԼĿ꣬ÿ˶ϣܹһżΪϵˡ
ȻڣѪǲȥĽˣӽ쿪ʼǻὫ˺쵱ɲĳˣ
˵쾹Ȼпܻŵʱ̲סۿ죬ֻϧܷȳȴãã֪
һ˳ЩίˣʲôҪ⹫ĵط˵⹫ȥҲ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ⹫ԼУڻҪѪ£ȵ֮Ҿ׼뿪ˡ


1069 
Ѫ˿ҶͶԲ֮ʱÿ˵Ķ׵ķٴ棬֪Լĸ׺Ͷ֮䣬ڻ˱˴˵Թޡ
⽫ʮ﷢飬ҶͶ˭Ҳû˵ȻҲû˸ᣬҶһһݼԼĳԼȵķ峤֮һУʼ֮ϣס˶ӵ˵ʮ˸˷Ѫ»عڡ
Ҷ˼ֻǶӵˣȫҪһѻճɻҽͷȴ˶ǵ
峤ڶԵǰͷߵףȴ峤ĳͷʮǱѪʮѪӣһߡ
ĺһһȫȴǿҶ˵δǣ
仰һʳѪ˵ﶼ͸峤ϿɣҲؽѪ峤
ҶնѪѪУټ֮ǰһ֮ɱ֣ѪΣ֮Уͳ㣬κѪҲ˵ԵĻ
Ҷ֪ܲ⹫˼΢һ⹫峤ȻﵱɱѪ綯Ѫ廢񣬲Ǵ
峤һԼȻܻһŵ̧ͷ𾪵ĿҶȵ˺ѪʮҶ൱ˡ
ǰЩ˼ȻҷһΣô͸ҷڶΣպ϶Ǹ˵ûǣѪҲκһҪ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҴû˵ѪѪֻܺ岢ѪҪ𣬳ΪѪİôǾͲɱϾǶ鳾ĸ֣
ʵӰ֮峤鳾ű䣬ȫɱˣѪǿĸ֣ʵԻܵӰ졣
췴а취ǹԹ⹫һ㣡
ҶԴķʽѪѪ֮ڵ˶ԡ
ѪѪ֮ڣЩʼ沢ûѪ֮У˭ܾѣ˭ܻãѪôֻжҶ˾ѹ
ƾջȻöԾϲѣ˽Ѫ֮ĿҶһۣ΢Ц̹Ȼԡ
̾˿ӣԼ⹫ΪѪ֮ȻĻȫԼʩչѪӵշ
Ҳ֪ҶиҪҪ˵ȻѾԼѪݣôѪѣҲԹۣ
ǶҲǿ󣬲ԺͶӵǩѪʮҲǩѪ
һ㣬Ҷеɻ󣬶ȴǿҶ㲻Ҫշǣĵڶ¿Ǵа
һ˵֮£ҶʱȻ
Ҷ뿪Ѫ֮ǰҪ£һСģֲѷ죬Ѫ磬ⲢжУΪһͷѪʱǰΪ飬Ҫʲô
ڶ£壡
ҶնݲĺοԵ˿Ѫ壬Ҫǲɾ֮󣬲ܷ뿪Ѫ硣
񶫷ԺǩѪٽǷŻȥھ֮аӦһԷκη紵ݶܵһʱ֪Ҷȷʵżİ
Ѫ֮ڳ䶨Ҷ֮ҲǴѪ磬ȻҲΪ˲ٵĵˣ壬磬Ǳɱİа
аһΪҽ磬־ܲµĳһƬңԴΪ̫̫࣬ǿ˵Ƿ˽ʵΪǿһ磬аҲɢޣżΪǿɿɽ
һУҶûзϣǿ˼µľеˣηЩˣ
ΪʼյҪҶһľ飬СҶֵĵʹˣ֮ǰҶǧһҪȥ˰ҹ壬кҪ˵
ҶȻӦʱѪâɽסҪȴһЩ鱨
ȴʱҲûţѪĲУѪеһЩѪսࡣ
󣬶ҵҪϢ
ѾֱϢ֮⣬嶼ʱӦǲ׼ڽ֮ڶԸǡ
ͻ壬ڵ֪ҶͶ£ҶӵҲûܵ𷣵Ϣ֮󣬵͸ıҪɱҶļƻΪڵѪǵûҶļǿټϰҹƺҲڱ֧ҶǾһ
ȴǼΪŭΪѾкüλҶͶԵУǵıǿĿɽټļλҲҵǣҪǶԸҶ׳ǵĵ֮ھͽҶչɱ
׼ô죿
Ҷеһ鼮¶һ˿Ц磡һӦȥҾȰɨһϰ


1070 
ѪȻɹΣҪһ֮ͬʱҲǲܵ£Ҷڽ֮ǰ֮һ壬ɱӺ£ʣµ岻ĿȻѾѡˣ壡
ȻܹΪѪ֮һҲ൱ģҪҪӳ飬ҶҲҪܵıѪ
ѪЩռ鱨ԼЩǩѪͻϢҶ˽Ĵս
Ŀǰ֮йλʣǰ˵ľ磬ܹʮλȻǵλѾ䣬λȴհףʮǽ
˽⵽ʵ֮Ҷеͷۣ֪Щ൱鳾ϵĸ֣ȷǼΪǿᣬǷ磬޵еĴڡ
Ǽ˼˳ڵĻͲҪԼȥЩ飬Ȼ˳ڣôֻпԼˡ
ʵʵѪҲʮѪʮ鳾ű丽ĸ֣֮鳾ĸּһҲһٶˡ
ҶҪɱһǧ˰˰ٵȥ
֮Ҷϵ˰ҹ壬Լ뷨ǣȻ԰ҹ峤ûʲôøУĳ̶ֳϣͰҹҲԴһϾǽӰصĲִУԿԺ
ҹ峤ĵҹ޳ѪâɽʾͬҶĺ
֮һ壬˵࣬Ҷ嶼кôȻҪǣڰҹ峤ǼҶ־ԲŻӦʹ졣
⹫ʼжܷ֤Ѫâɽᱻ룿
ֻҪ˳֣Ͳ⣬ҲҪ㣬ӦòֻıÿһӦöУϾ嶼ֹž޵ڣȻҲ𡣡
Ҷǵˣ
֮ҶǾƶ˼ƻǾǳ岻ֱӹӪ֮ǡ
ƻȻеðգǵȷЧκ˶뵽ѾųҪԸҶѪʱҶȴȷ

֮һΪȺɽ֮УͻȻһȿռ֮ţҶͶӲ˳
֮䣬඼˼ŸĴӪΪ˷ֹ֪Լ˵ļƻҶѡＯϰҹˣ
ҹ˲᲻ɣӴŵʵ
ԴӱǩѪ֮󣬶Ҳ˿ѵͷҶҲĹ
Ϊ¹ش֮У˸峤Լ֮⣬ĸȫ˳ԸԽӣҶʲôʧҲûѪˣֱҸطԼɱˣ
Ҷһ£ޱĵģҹ峤ң϶
£ͬˮһһȿռ֮Ŵ򿪣߳һˡ
ţܿȫȿռ֮Ŵ򿪣Ķǰҹĸ֡
ҶѾҹ޳˽˰ҹĴǵ˿̼ǰλ׷أϵͬʯһʱȻⲻ˳һԴĶҲɫ΢䡣
˺Ȼȫǰ˾ĸ֣
ҹʼնͷҹ峤ɳλ֮ϡ
󣬸Դжʮˣҹ޳ҹȫС
ܹһˣȫһ£Ȼûжһɭɭɱ֮Ѿɢ˳ΧĲľʼ𽥿ή
ӰսӰ졣
ҶҲûдǰһһļϣҲǿĻ֮ҶҰҹȫӢڿʼȫ
лλھͶ
ã
һͷδκζӰȻǵͷðߣڿпʼ̻·ͨӪĿռ֮š
˲Ϣ֮䣬ȿռ֮Ѿ򿪣ͬʱȥ֮⣬һҹͬʱóһɫ֣ͷϣֻ¶ֻڶ۾վںڰ֮õ˶һܹ
ҹ岻ϴ·ͷϴ֣Ϸƶɣܹչߡ
ͬʱҶһ
͵
ҹȿռ֮ţͷβһûзֱʧ֮󣬶Ӳ̲סһпҿǺǲǵˣȻĻֲ̫ˣ
ԴҶֻһЦˣҲ÷ֱˣ
̻̿·ȿռ֮ţҶһ̤һȣعͷŶӵס֧̳֮
ģԲ£ظ֤
Ҷռ֮ţҲҵ飬Ҷʧ֮̽һڣ˾Ӫ֮ңһԭ֮С
Ѫɫս۵ѪҲѾƴ


1071 ɱ
ȻгȴҲģѡĴӪλþܿĳ
ὫԼĸɽ֮ϣϾɽԶʤطɽܲɽƺƵҲױ˷֡
ȻȴǽԼĴӪһƽԭģ
Ӹ߿ոȥӪһװŵһԹȡʳ
ֻҪ룬ͻףȻǽԼĴӪڵı¶˳ǷԲһţҪʲôڰڣվǵļͿԽΧξ۵ס
ǿȻĻ赣Ļ͵ϮǲˣǴΪԼصף༫ӣȷʵԶʱڣҪǿĶ࣬ū۹ࡣ
֮иֵ֣Ѫʼ涫棬һ֮Կ壬£ǽĸı־ƣΪӮ˺ƽȵĵλ
˵ѪǼΪӵģǲŻ嶼ֹ̬ȵʱȻһҪѪҶ
ȻǾ벻죬ҶҪ͵Ϯķʽٵǵĸ
ǸûҹڣֻӪеȼѣƻͨƽԭĵر֮£ҶһٶҹѾͣҹȻʦӰأӰսڵر֮µ̫֮ӰܲɷֵĹϵÿ˶ӵе֮ȻҲѡڵ¡
ﻮʱ䣬ҶＸΣٽӦѾӪĵƺ˽ļΪϸԲžӵ͵Ϯ
λǰԴõĽֻǸ˴ӪԲ֮ڣ£ͬʱڵҲ˲ٵһ·ȥµ֮󣬵׾֮ʱҪȥϣȻǿȥ
ҶҹӪĴÿ˶ĺϸΪȻ֮Ը壬ʤȯ󣬵ǲͲˡ
һĺչ潻֣ǻȫҪʵˡ
λʷֱڴӪģʲôбĻһҲЩԸǵĿľԱǰ¾ܵĻɱ壬֧֮ѪֻϹеڶֵ̺ʽĽɱ
ûĻǾͳɣ
Ҷһȣһ⣬ֱӳĴӪһҹֽ档
֮ңԱ˵ȻǺܳһξ룬ǶȺʵﵽ鳾ĸ˵˲Ϣ
ƽµڵ´˾ǧ֮ҶʶѾǰʼÿһξ붼һȺ壬̯ػǵļ԰
һҪ֮ɱǣһòҪκԲл֪ͨϵ壡
ҶĴ£ÿҹ˵֮϶һĺɫӰȻû˿âȴɢɱ
Щ˼Ȼܹﵽ鳾ÿһսӰȻҲ֪ɱٶ֡
ɱ
һ·֣Ҷһ£Ȼһ׵ĺɫΪ˲ע⣬ʩչĶǺɫϵ֮
ȥѪʮԴͺǵ峹룬ûпɱԼ˭
󣬰ҹҲͬʱֹϣһգɫӰǵأɫѪҺ裬̼ȫ
಻ᳬʱ䣬û˿
ȻҲΪεǸ֣ߵҲֻгѣֵܹһٶ鳾ֵ͵Ϯ
ÿͻһȺĵȻʵҲԽԽߣǶɱҶ˵ͬͬв˿һ׵Ľȫնɱ
ºɫѾɺӵѪ죬̱ǵѪ֮ζ޴ڡ
˸Ҷǵһ·Ļͻ֣ᷢеȫǱһԴ˿뻮һһΪһ
ɵһȺ֮ҶζȻͣΪʶǰȻһ鳾űӦѲӵġ
Ҷһƣҹ̳ˣϢ뵽ޱߵĺڰ֮УԼȴʩչѪ֮ڣս˲ı磬ֱӳǰԷӦʱ䣬ſѪ
ۣ
Ѫ׵Ķʺź˫ԲָҶҪ˵Ҷӡչֱӽѹһ̲ࡣ
һ鳾űϢˣڰеİҹ˶϶ɫ΢䣬Ҷ۲ò˼֡

Ҷ³һڳڣڵѪҺƽתŰҹ˵õĿʼǳɹһ룬ڣʽӪ


1072 ڶֽɱ
Ӫ֮ڶииt๲ʮ׸ʱ̤ϵͻȻִŰ֮ĵ£һȺɫӰӡ
һĵʲôð𣿡
ৣ
Ļո£һڹѾֱӴ͸ʺһССѪʬ嵹£
Ҷ֣ҹ֪иڣʮֽӰӰͬʱ֣ʮѾȫ
ɱ
ԺɫʱһµҶȻһȣԻ긫ܵĹ̵ѪҺڣ˫鱧սϻ긫ֻеһӲĽӪ֮ⲼõĽƸƳһȱڡ
ҹֽȻ࣬Ǹɱ죬ͬһɺɫĺˮһ㣬˲ͨȱڳ˽ȥ
ƱƣȻ֪е˴룬ûϵҶһȺ鳾ϵĸ֣Բոճ̾ͱС
ɫˮԴݿ֮ƣһǰ֮˼ΪǵĿҪ嵽Ӫģ滹Ѫ֣Դʱսһ֮ջأǰ
ˣ֮ҲѪĽָԴ֫裬ӲĿٳһ·
ʱڷӦȻԼĴӪ̱ͬʱ֮϶˾ӡ

Ӫˣе֣
Ҷ찵ҹѾӪ֮һǵжղô˳ζΪ֮гֵĸҲԽԽ࣬˵൥ƾǿ壬͹ͷˡ
üΧһսپ
ΨһȻɵľҶˣԭͬ˫õʼ֮Ѫְϴ壬øӵǿڶܹƾֿ֮
ҶҲʱ˷ڵѪҺǰ壬Ϊڳֵ㲻ϸ֣ʣûг֣ԱҪʵǵϡ
ˣҲ޷ֵҶҶȭߣÿһ̩ɽһ㣬¡죬ˣ̶˲ʱ䣬ѾһͬСɽһʬ塣
ҹȻûҶôǿ壬ӰսǼֱĴ̿ͺɱ֣ÿ˵֮϶ֳһӰӣӰϸıŸԵ״ʱһɨ˷ʱһ£ʱ찵ʱֻ۳һش൨ľ֪ǵںʲôս
ͬʱӪ֮⣬վѪǰĹ壬Ȼתʱ䵽ˣϳˣ
Ҷǲ빬뵽µеģȴҪ˵ĴȻټ˵ʵȷң˿ɵҶͬ⣬Ѫ֡
䣡
Ѫȫֳܹ飬һ˳ǰ棬ѪʮʮѪʮѾѡֲʮǽѪ鳾֣
ҪΣҲϢԼƣѪ¶Ѫλĵһս˵شһѪս⺳񷣡
ľ룬Ϣ֮Ѿֱ꣬ӳӪ֮С
ӳѪɺӣʬǱҰһսһˣ嶼üû뵽ս»˲ҡ
ѪеѪ˵ѪȷǵɴǼѪԣһ鼤ӿΣǰ塣
ʱ˿̣嶼ǰĵش׷ɱҶǣһ뼸͵ǿճǣˣҲֻǼֵֻܹ࣬ôɱѪ֡
Ѫһ·񱼣ҶĻ˵ǽеڶε̺ʽĽɱЩղűҶδģȻȫʬ
ҶȻһ߷ɱУһ߼ǰͻΧΪĸֳֵԽԽ࣬ǵȻҲԽԽ
ҹˣǾȻҴ壬ˣ˭Ҳߣɱ֮󣬾ȥǰҹ壡
һŭԿһʮڸϵЩͬӰһˣϳǵݣ۴С
ҶһȭԼǰһͷ߹ɵĿţ֮ЦһѪҺڣȻһڹ⣬ֻ˹ȥ
ҹϽӭǳʮ
ҹǷֳʮ飬ʮһ飬ɱΧЩ֣ΧѾдﵽ鳾ǲҴ⡣


1073 ŵ
廹һص㣬࣡
Ȼֻ࣬ݺޣ̺ʵ̫̫ˣӼΪӣͬܿ
Ȳ˵ΪǿʥнӦȵȵ𣬹ǺϺʣµĺӾоŴ壬֪Щ࣬ǲ
ȻҲ嶼ܵʿǻӴȻܹ֮·ţë
Ӫۼͳֻ޺սﱻӵ˼¡
߸ոɱһֻ࣬̾ʮֻΧվŲɱɱϰ졣
Բǰɱֶɱڲǰҹ廹Ѫ壬սĸ֣Ҹʵǿ֮䣬Ƹ꣬ʱһ¾ܻʮֻࡣ
ҶֻֻҶ֪࣬ǿ󱳳ԺɫᣬӦĳַݡ
ѪɫȼգҶֱսϻ긫˵翪ٵصһͷӳ

ҽУɫѪҺգּңԼȻԾܹվڿУûֻ򣬻۵ȥ
Ҷһӳ֮󣬲Ȼ긫תһȭݺҳ塣
䣡
սĻᶼûУȻͱҶֱӸķѣʬˤ棬Ȼû͸ȴӿŸĲ
Ҷﵽأʵ൱鳾˱䣬Ѫ֮˲ıս°˵ĸֶĶ֣˵һ鳾űˡ
Ҷ֮ƽ˷ڵѪҺʻû֣ҸղѾӦǰӪɢһ˿ǿѹȻҲǿ֪̣Ҫܵıʵ
ҹϱͶǿɻʯˣɱȴǲҶҪǵͲ£һıչ׷ƮǼ֮Σ򲻴֣ܳڼȻ峤֮Ȼ顣
ʮһ֮䣬ѾϾٶ֮죬ûпʲôոԼ
ɱ
˵źͻȻڶ౾Χҹ˵壬ûзӦһѪɫѾǵ塣
ѪڸϵͰҹϵһ
Ųȳƣᣬ²ȾѪͬһ㣬Ľ£ʬѳɽѪɺ˽ʱ˿⸱ûȻ˴ĳ
ɱ˹룬ҹѪȴδһˣֻмҹĸڸղŵĻս֮ܵˣܵ˵ĿǰΪֹҶ߼ûиۡ
Ȼ˭ҲҵģΪĸֺǵͬûг֣һ֣Ǳؽһս
ҶŹͷɱһͬͻȻڿ𣺡Ѫ壬ҹ壬Ǻôĵӣ
һɷ·ܹ˺յɱƮɢ˵жһݣ֪һλʼˣ
ȻһŹâӪ֮ȽȽ
һ͸¶ű뺷֮ӣΰɽ֮ϣɢǿҵĽɫâұȴɢɫâ˵ĸоǽչ¹Ϊһһ
ʣ
ôǺųѾǰǻλ˭
ҹѪ֮ϳλʣ嶼΢΢ɫӸͬʱҶλʵһС
ϹţͭƤǣ¹⻪ڹ֮Ĳٿ뻯ҪעǣĺΪ֮ͬһ㣬ٻ׵йȻͬΪʣսѹͬʣ
Ȼֻôǲ˵ͬ˶ӵһʵ֮ͬУ޹սԼʲͬȻĲ㣬Ҷ˵ġ
Ȼλʣʵǿǹ壬ӵļɵ
궫ӵĽܣҶȴ飬ֻ˫۽ĶԼʣΪп
ʱҶһδӵĿе֪ǻʵʱΪʼֱǸ߲ʵĴڣ
ֽ˺ʱ֮ͬǳηȻŶ̶̼ʱȥԼȻվһλŵˣ
뷨Ҷӿֳ޵Ժģ˻ǧ֮òܵľ磬ԼѾ£°ڣԼʲôηģ


1074 ǻ
ʣڽֹâӳ֮£ֱͬһһžµƣӿߵҶǰͣ£ͬһһɫͫʣĶҶȻδڣ̺ɱȴѾ۳ΣȻһֱ֮Ҷ
ƣҶ޾κˣӰ֮УʵĿ⣬û˿ηͬͦɽĺӡ
Ƕ˵·ʱҲֹͣ˴򶷣˵ǵ죬ڰҹѪ˵Ҷͬڵ죬֮ȻдսսĽ˫˵ش
֮ڿڣǺˣ
ҶͻȻһţԼ󣬡ˡһ죬֮Ӳı߳һ޴ĺڶһҽһҪ͵ϮĴֱӸһ
ȥϵĺɫӰӣҶ¶˱ĿҾҪɱҶ
ҶĻ£ʱ˵ľȡ
ʲôҶ
Ѫ峤Ǹ
ĵҲ̫ˣ֪ҪɱȻҴǣ
ҶЦһΪʲôңҾʹŰҹѪ壬̤ƽ壡
ԣ̤ƽ壡
ϳѪ磡
ѪȺ鼤ܣ۸ߺӦҶĻ
ʵȻһ̫ͻȻһ㣬һʱѹȥһԹû˸˶Ը壬Ҫͳͳ£
ͳͳ£
ǵ⣬ǵѪ
ҲͣӰһȻһλʳ֮ϣ¸Ǵʿһʱ֮޺֮쳹硣
ҹ϶һ֮󣬰εضվҶߣźֵλʣĵԳʣδķɻһֵΪοҪٴʵĸС
ԳԳһ֣༫񣬳ǿ֮⣬һ˫צֱޱȡ
ԳʿҹϣһЦԭ°ܽϴûɱǣǿɾûôõˣ
һԭԳʺͰҹ֮侹Ȼ˫ٴζϣȻҪֳһˡ
Ҷ۹棬һȦ֮λʣѾλһλҲһ˫˽֮ĶԹɣ
Ҷĵϸ
ʵ۸ĻҶȲʤȯҶڣаλ˸֣ȫһΧһλʡ
ҶΪɵľǲΪ֪̣Ӧĳǿ֮ģ޷׷ģһӴ壬̵Ķ׵ġ
ڼȻһλʲ֣ôпܾڲٿҶҪŪ
һЦԸǣλʾ㹻ˣ
£Ѿһȭ˳ȭͷ֮˸Ĺԣƽ棬û˿ȭˣҶȴԸо̲ž˵
䣡
Ҷ֮ѪɫĻ棬λʵԶͬװ˵ʣٸ
Ҷȭӭ׼λųϹ޵ΣȻȭͷʵȭͷײһʱһĹâ˸ҶȭͷȻֱӴȭͷ
һ֮ҶȻһǻ
¡
һͬľ촫һƬ貵ĽҶ£ҹ˺Ѫվ֮Ȼһ޴ӣ
ѪҺͬȪһգ
ʿȫҶʵ¹ɿ̻չʵ幥٣һһʵ˸޷ֱ棬ԻԻסҶӶˣ
ȻԴ󣬵ǲɵӣλ˻δֵʱ򣬾Ѿ˹鳾ϵĸ֣֮ǿߣǿʵȫҲǶ֡
ˣҲӦļƻλʳӭУǵĿĲҪսԼ൱ͬĶ֣ҪܶЩ鳾ǣֻʣ°λˣͬٽܹ֮Ťת棡
ҹѪûϵͻȻֹԼˣһλʵԶͬʵĽȫһȻв˶˿ʮ㿪Ӳıҳࡣ
ͬʱԳҲǷ˹޷ʩչ󣬵ȴֳɣһɶԸҹϣһȴƴɢӵ˹ȥ
䣡
һȭȥ˱
ԳʿзЦǣʲôɱ
ǣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮ֮бУʱѪҿӰ˳ȫ֡


1075 
ҹѪһ·嵽ڣûʲôȻոջϣûüֿȻ˲Ϣ֮ͱʮˣȷ˭Ҳû뵽飡
ҶɱеŭѾ޷ƣȻⲢԸԼͬ
˶ֿɱУ
仰֮ҶʣҹҲһŭ˫˫Գʡ
ȻʮˣⲢûд˵ʿӼеķŭȫɢȺ֮С
ԶԶˣһȺǻȺһ̼֮ᵹһƬʬ塣
Щĺʵ൱ĴǣȻǵ׷ɱһʱ֮ץһλ쳤Хûгȫ˵޻ʵ
޻ʵҲӪģȺ޿ʼȿֺӿȥҹѪȻǵм䣬һǰƶһȻڲסֵķɱ಻ϵ£ûеõʲôơ
ʱһͻȻ޻ʵ˳âֱ嵽ײ񷣬ȻȻըͬһ޴ޱߵĴɡһǧ٣Ӫ
ֻ֮Ҫ࣬̾ͻᱻһɾ޴ֱײɳȥȻ壬ͼȴӰ죬ȫһǧ֮д衣
඼׹Ӧĳֱܹĸࡣ
Щٵ£ҹѪȻټȺ֮Уȫߣҹٿƽȴ̺ž˵һЩո鳾ĸֱ֣֮ӸôѪͷѡ

ʱӿǰΧסһսʹ
Ȼ˲ʵϻ϶ռмƣǿдЩȴദ衣
һУ̾Ͷ֮Уйǿȫᱻٵһֻܱ򣬹ЧҽĹٻʼƶһ޴Ĵһ㣬Ƶ಻òܵĶܡ
һɾ̫ˣ˲Ϣ֮䣬м˱ɱʮ˸ˣǰ˵ˣЩҲû˿취
ӵ˶üβΣΨһɵľֻйһˣܵͬʱȻϵͷųֳӣСܹĶ㿪٣˷ˣһҲ֧٣ȻǽڽڰˣΣڵϦ
Ҷս˼£Ųƶֱһȭʣ
ղ⾹ȻԼ˵Ӷɱʮ࣬ҶŭĵزһȭҲ˻ȥ֮һ磬дЩٶ𵴿޷ֵ
һЦȭ֮ϽҫۣûԻ󣬶ͬһȭӭȥ
ΪʣҲӣһֱԿҶ˵ҲҶܹжǿԴҪ
ò˵ʵȷʵǷһȭȭ죬ǿÿ֮гͬХһļֱ֮˵Ķ䶼졣
Ϊֲǣޱ޼ʵĽ֮оȻһɫ·֯һ𣬷Ѱľ޴𺳣Ӳӣ̫ͬҶƽ
Ͷ֮䣬Ȼͷų·ʵҶһ
·ʼҶеһźΪԽʵ֮δ鳾ʱ޷Լ·
Ҷ¶ֵһȭ
䣡
Ҷĵһײ
˫ĿԲɣϵĽǺһϷһ˽һ˵ⲻͣҶϵĻҲǶȻǣһ緢Ļɽһϯ졣
˾Ȼסˣ
ͻȻ֮䣬ʾ֣¹֮кȻһϸӰҶΪϤ
ǡĪ磡
ܣ
ҶʶĻܹԼ˼֮ˣӶԼ
һЦҶ˫۾ȻҲ⣬ͫʷ·𻯳̫
ܹĵۣ
ͬɨҶһ㣬׵Ľ¹ɢΪ֮һίʵû뵽ҶȻÿԿԼ¹
ͬʱҶץסᣬȻһȣȭͷ֮ӲĽȭͷȥ
Ϲ⣬Ȼһ࣡
ҿ㻹ʲô£
ҶһЦ׼ٴηȻͻȻһҺѭȥ·һѪֱһ˺롣
ôĹԭٶ֣ȻѾ˽ʮˣ
٣
Ҷɨ٣ͬ˿ռ䣬ԼԼ񿴵һȷĳ


1076 ƹ
ȻƾģҲ֮ô׾µģҶĿǰֻǸոţСɶ㲻ϣʶ޷һУܹԼһԷĳѾܿɹ
һԳ򣬾Ȼòͬʼ֮ѪһҲĳλǿɣ
Ҷв²ͬʱոѾ˳ȥ
䣡
ո˻ս֮صϿգʮɫճ޾
Ϊս֮أȻʹ֣ҲͬȫλУԷѪͷŶģпˣҶոסƬ򣬸Ͽд١
ȻԭһǰɵĽɫȴǰˣɫ֮ʱʱ֮ռ¶ڰڡ
񱩵ֵҵϯȻ̺ո֮䣬Ҳڽһֿ⡣
Ҳʼƶϳһֵɫɭոͬڿ𵴲ѣƵ˸嫵֮ͬһһĲⱼڣýɫܹͻƹٵķ
ֱ֮Ľͬ±ɫɽҡΣһʱ䣬˶ͣ˴ͷȫ̧ͷſУ߾ǿ
ȻҶ֪ոԲһٱԭȵķѪͻԪˮһߵ֮ŵĲ·е·
ﶼ̩ϵĴȻҲˣΪΪȻ·Ȼе·ֻܹ˲࣬Ͼ˭ʵǣ£´ġ
ոȻܹ·͵·һ˵ͼֵԶһ
һܷͻĿǰδ֪֮֮Уȴǿ϶޷ͻƵġ
ȻЩͬһĹپȻܹ࿹⣬Ҳһ챦
ҶҲǰȻÿһ嶼вΪ֪ǿ̣Ѫʥʼ֮ѪѪâɽҲͬһԳ򱣻ӪȻҹ壬ͻ϶ҲӦıȻĻǾԲҲѪ硣
ڣո֮дһɣâ֮УһɫŷȻ֮䡣
ŷ˫ĿգԺһ̫ͬ貵ķף溬ȱͬԽʱնƽͣâεķӿʮֱ˽ɫ
¡¡
ͬսһ񷣬ӿ˽ɫ֮С
žžž
Щļ룬ԭɫٿ࿹Ľɫһ㣬ɲ֮䣬ȥ٣
ﬣ
ʮɫȫĲ£һƬ֮УûһƬ٣ֻĸǣ
һ£ҹѪüˣղΪ裬ǵսۿۣ˴û谭ȫֵˣ
ղ̼䱻ʮˣðҹѪǶҪˣ۸ߺǣ壬ɱ
ʣĽһʮ֣ȫŭǳɱ˹ȥ
壬λҹԼӵȰ֮ĸֳǰ棬ңֵָȻͻַ
Щǿ̾Ȼŷƣʿʱ˵䣬ǵķ񷴻Ǽλ֮ĸ֣ûս⣬󲿷սսתܣӳƬ
Ǵ˿̵Ѿٶˣո̶ܹƣܹĳȥġ
飡
ײ֮Щ嵽ԵͬһʯͷӶȫ˻֣ϷŹᣬԶȫǿ
ѪȾգʬɣ
һٶ֣̼Ѿһ뱻УոռݵһƣʱȻ޴棡
ҶҲʱٴĶ֣ʡ
˿λ˫֮е¶ŨŨĻ棬Լ˱ɱŭɶȻſͣ췢һ޺
𣡡
¡
һµһλͬ׵İ˵Ķʵŭ𣬵ضɽҡͬשһ׷ױһƬ˶ޱȵճ֣۳޾ƣŭ
ΪϹ޵ţܹͬ׵й
¡¡
׹֮е߿裬۳һڴϸ׼Ҷ


1077 ս
һر
ĴӪеĸֽʵŭ֮пʼ׷׵Ϊ촷ۡ
ǿҶ˿̶Ҳ죬һʣͬ˿ٵһ㣬ȥʵĺ֮⣬Ҳκε
⻹սѾ˼µ֮£ȻԭսһɤӾܽ
ॵॣ
ոͬȥʮɫͬɱıŭҡڣҲеҲȻܵӰ죬Ѫӿʱֹͣ˶ǵ׷ɱ
Ҷа𾪣ȻΪͬ׵ʣһŭ·ʹϣӵ¾Ҳ̫Զˡ
ʱǲһһ׳Ľɫ绮գȻ磬ͬʱǵڴϸҲӿֱ£Ҷݺݵѹȥ
ȻȥڴϸģƼֱһɽ£ĸо
ˣ
˫֮»ĶҶıС
ȥʿʲôµģôܾߵͣһȺǵĻشԴǶһġ׵֮
׵ԹΪıԴ֮߸ųͷ֮ãڽ˾ʱҪ׵ϴ񣬷Կ⡣
ȻĿǰ׵ֻģܹ֮ͨͬƼǿ޷Լ˶ΪҶɡ
ҶԿԸоķռ֮гһصԼȫסˣָоİѾˡ
Īپ˰
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֮Լ޷ֿڴս֮еİԳʺͰҹҲæӴܿ
ܹ֮ģ
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֮£ҶѾɻҳˡ
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Ҷ
ҶǵûбɻҳӲӣˣԡһ㣬˳еͬ١
˶ĿɿڴѪͰҹ壬ڣ
ǲܵ飬Թ¶ûκʿܹ׵֮аȻ
ţǵڴ˵Ļôˡ
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ҶһЦס֮ʣѪҺٴηڣ乥ɱ˹ȥ
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Ѫһӿз£Ƭ̹ȥʵȭѾıΣ©Ƥһȥüط
ȻϹ޵Ҳ޷ʹͨʶѨλֽʼ֮ѪϴѪ֮࿹⡣
ҶԽսԽ£ղԻƭԼɱʮ֣ŭɶ¶ģҲҪУߣô룡
䣡
Ҷϣ߸Ծͷ½ϣȼѪ֮棬Ȼʡ
𣡡
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Ҷʤ׷ⴭϢʱ䣬ȻѪ֮ҲѾҪӽޣҪʧ֮ǰ
ͬһ㣬Ҷٴγ嵽ߣǿ̾ʹͷ֮϶Ȼһģýеһֻ֣ݺݵ˹֮ϡ
ˣ
羪ף˿ڸղŭͬʱ֮â·ֱҶ
Ƥսģ
гɫţΪܹͨ׵磬ƤƳɵսģǼΪģ׳սá
˵һλˣɱһֻţһսģ֮
ȻȡĹĲԼƤƳɣõͬƤ
ҶڿУ¡¡죬ųԼâһ˫ս긫϶£Ȼȥ
꣡
ɫâ׵ĽâһΪģȥȻһ촫˹âޡ
𣡡
ʶȻһŭ𣬻ָԼı࣬һͷߴʮ׵ľ޴ţ׳ޱȣͷ϶һֻǣֻһȡ
Ƥսĸֵ˿УҲǱһܵصĴģⵥһԾ˹֮ϡ
ˣ
⾹ȻԵΪ鳣ôƤսģ


1078 
ս޶ܼͬ㣬ˡڣǹεĹȻ۳һ˽ĹâҶȥ
ʻ࣬Ϊ鳣ñΪƤսģͬƵƺضɻ飡
Ҷʱкͷۻ𺳲ѣţ鴫ƤսĿ϶ҲȻ˿ֲ
Ƕ˫ѾĻ̫ĶҶ쳤Ƿŭ˼¡
ȷʵзŭɣʵ֮޵еĴڣȴҶһ٣ٶѹţóȻȫҶơ
ϹǿױȣսȴҶֶࣻ
֮⣬ҹֻܽ¹޷̫֮Ҷۣɶѹƻ
ףٻ磬Ƶģʿ׵磬ȻҶȻ˿壡
ֻܽѹ׵ıóţҶа취ԿԼ
ҶڵȷǲܣԭͲϷڵѪҺڸ̼ܵӵľң඼̲סҪ˳ȫĹ

ͻȻҽдҶæѭȥֻոĿռ֮ڣղѾƣֻܰ޷ֵЩǣ⾪Ĺ̼֮£Ȼһղήҵ״̬ʼǿƷ
ֱʿǣǴ˿ڹѹ֮£һʵȴǱѹһ룬˲Ϣ֮䣬˲ֵ¡
ߣʵ鳾ĸֱָӱը˿һ̲Ѫʬ޴档
ֹǣںͰԳʼսİҹϣҲܵ˹Ӱ죬ֻǿмܣߴˣۿҪ֧
ƤսĵһãܹܼʿʱҷʵѪ֮֮ͬҿԷѹƵ˵ʿʵ
Ťתս֣
ոܹռ䣬ȴ޷ùô嶯֣ͻᱻ
Ҷļ٣ȻкȻһ֣ת֮Ѿһֻ
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ŭ֮³Ƭ֮ٱ䣬ʯֱ죬ɱ֮£
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Щڹٱ֮еǸ޷ֵɱ֮⣬һ˫Ŀ˲ѪһƬʧͬʱһ֡ɱ
һս漴չ
ⲢĻս˴֮ɱ
Ҷɱ֮£ǽ֮еĻ֮ںУԻЩǣǵгɱ⣬
ԭĸ壬Ĵ߶֮£ȫ˲ˣȫ֣˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѫɺӣʬɽ
ڡغ쳾Ҷԭеľŭ֮ºɱ֮£Լϣ֮º֮£ڣȴǷĴŭ֮ºɱ֮£֮֮ͬҪɱ
֮غ쳾ټϳԽ˵սʱһԳͻȻҽһ˶ȻҹһһҸӲ˺룬Ѫɣ
Գʱ
ҹҲǸ൱Ĵۣ֮˺ۣҶæʾ⣬ǸϽոռ֮С
˶һۺȴҡҡͷԳһͬȥܿˣҶϵѪɫѾϨȻҲҪＫޣԱô˻ɱһλʣδսʤ㡣
𣡡
ͻȻһȻ𣬴Ҷֻ޻ʵ֮ٴ籡һӿ⣬â죬Ȼ۳һ׵ľ׸߰һĳһ㣬ڸ߿֮ϣ˫չ̵ء
ûĹƻڰǿеֻͬһľʱһ
ʣʣ
ʾȻԾΪˣ̫ˣ̫ˣ
ҶɫҲȻĿ磬ԿͲʥһѣֻͷųȴױȣϵ˫ɢĳԼǰԼĳ
⣬̣


1079 Ӧ֮
ȻʲһͷʾĴҶ̫ѹ
ȻѪ֮Ѿ˼ޣʾȻ̣˫ɢĳͬǶһõԼϣµģ
ͬʱҹλ֮һҲԴķʽҶҶһͷǧ꣬Ȼʵﵽ֮ǱΪ壬ǣ˫ȴǷԻ͸˵ʥеӦӦ֮ᣬ
Ҷշӱˮ֮󣬴Ŀ˵ʥܣ֪༫࣬ǰµĴڣֻһǳгģӦ
ӦһԳǿϡ䱦ȿҲҩ㽫䵱ãҲģӸղŹǴ߶Ĺپܺո࿹Ͼܿһ
۷״̬ʣٴһӦ֮ᣬҶ˵һǿ󵽼ǵĶ֣
նǾ޴嶼û˸еȵѹִ֣ĸо˫עҶҶɱ֮һ̤ƽǰҹѪ壡ɱеˣ
ҶηĵЩɱ֮˵ɣ
ߣ
һߣҶͫȻΪǰͻȻʧȥǸߴ׵塣
顱һ촫ҶֻԼͻȻһɽײһ˱ֱײȥǧ׿⣬ûӦô£ֱһɴײС
ۣ
Ҷǿ壬˿̷·һƤ򣬱ȥɵĹ̵³һѪ
Ѫûа磬ΪôǿˣԼ˾Ǿ޴β͡
һӾ촹ıһݺݵĳԼϡ
Ҷе𾪵Ĳҵٶȣ
ٶʵ̫ˣ쵽Ҷʶʶͻʶȫ޷׽Ӱľ磬ֱ磬ȹٻҪĶࡣ
ôӴȻܹʩչٶȣ̫˲˼ˡ
ⲢԼٶȣǶӦ֮ĹЧ
ʥ己࣬ȴֻһӦܹ˫ᣬɲǼʣݺĺɾӦһ˫ٶȡ
ֻҪӵӦ֮ᣬ㹻߶ôκ˵ٶһּ¾磬ͬڵһ
飡
ǽҵײƽԭĵ֮ϳһֱӽʮ׵Ĵ󶴣ףҶ˾ͱĴ˶У
ʵ¶˳Ӹµĸ󶴣ϴЦҶ㲻Ǻôô̫ʧ˰ɣٲҾȥɱЩˣ
ʵĻո£֮ͻȻһɫȻײҵϡ
䣡
Ҹû뵽ԼµҶȻܷⲻ֮£ɫš
ֻ֮ϵǶӦ򱬷⣬Ȼ۳һ޴Ӧ̽צݺݵźɫ˺ȥ
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䣡
ɵӦȻ޷ֵһצ֮һֱ֮ը˿
ͬʱض֮УһɫĴĸֶڴ·Ҷһɫ
󶦳֣ȻҲһӦҪӲԾֱ˱ɫĿ
ѵҶҲһֺʥйصƷ
ҲǾӦ֮ᾹȻֻɫĴצ׵飬צӵ˽
Ҷڰ֮УԲĪ⣬ʵЩѾͨѨҩȪΪˡ
׳˦βͣһɽͷĳƬҶײôΣǿҲҪˡ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶѾȬĵûֲλУֻҧأٴνѪҺѪɫ棬Ȼͷɫ󶦣Ȼ嵽˿УһѪ⣬һȭҡ
ЦһӸղŽѵ㻹ǲԶֻūͣ
Ӧ֮һɺƵĿȻҶڸ֪ˣԭӦ֮ٶ֮ô죬ȫΪ󻯵÷ϵ
ҼʶҶǿϹţһϢҺӲ˲ʧ
ȻҶͷɫ֮ͻȻٴһֻɫľצ̳һ޴ĺڶɫצֱУһ
ѾʧٵʣȻֻצεУӲգ
飡
Ҷȫһȭûдգݺݵ˶ͷ֮ϣ


1080 
ˣ໹壬Լɫˣʲô
ԼղŴ߶Ӧ֮ᣬԼ˲ɳȥϰ֮ԶȻֻצӾȻֱܹӴգ׵ľͽԼӲĸץ˻
ҶҲкȻ͸ץ˵ķеԼոʱʩչԽգԱԼĴԽҪǿĶࡣ
ոĴԽգǳ̣˵ϰˣ׶ﲻ
ֻצӣɵľͿԽ˳ľ룬ȻһָΪ߼Ŀռս
ֻҶԼղŵĺɫצԼ߶ģԼ֮󣬹䶦ȻԼԼͷ֮ϣȻһӦֱӽӳȥҸץ˻
Ӧþֻӡڹ䶦еģʥ֮һ
ֱǿĿֲ
Ҷ֪Ȼӡڹ䶦֮УչֳĲһ˿ʶѡ
ô˵Ȼץסң˾ҪҶѵҶȻҲˣץסᣬֱӳȥԼǿҾһᣡ
飡
ңھǱһɳҲܶҶɽһصȭͷܼĻԼӴ֮ϡ
ҶҲ֪Լһ˶ȭȭȭ⣬Ž߹ǣǽԼղűǿԹȫй֮ͣ
Ǿ޴֮ѾǧٿףֻгûнѪͬٲһк۳һѪӣͷ֪˶ٸצԾεץԻͬһ̲һ̱ڵء
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ȻҶ֪ʵļֵǿǸͬĥ̴С˸ɫâĴ󵤣֪Ȼޱ󣬺ԼĿռ䳾֮С
ͬʱ˳ҲǶӦ֮ץǾԵıܹԦܹԼٶ£
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ĲԩȻӦ֮ᷨޱߣĶʥ֮һ䣬ʥ֮УΨͬΪʥ֮׵俹⣡
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λʣѾλʣʣҲˣҹһһεİΧм䣬κε
ҶһУոջأͶ𣬳嵽ʵߣΰΧʣǳЩԭӦ֮ᷢĹǡ
Ӱ
֮巢һսȫʼ˷ӴܶȥֶѾɱˣһԸŹǵ׷ɱ
ҶһʵǰɫĮעʺȻһЦҶ֪˭ҪǸɱңӴ֮󣬵Ǻйصˣ
Ӵû˵ѣϹޣǴصͳߣӴ󣬸ʵǿޱȣ˶ҪǼӣǽãɱȷ
ҶĮĵǶѾɱôˣɱͬ
£ҶͻȻ֣սϻ긫϶£ֱӽ룬ʱͷ֮ͻȻһ⣬ֱʣٶ֮죬˷Ӧʱ䶼ûУʧˡ
ãһ˿϶ȥ֪ͨˣɫ䡣
ȷǿʱȻûһЦҶǵŰɣϹܿͻˣʱ඼Ѫ罫Ѫɺӣʬɽ
Ҷüͷ΢΢Ϲޣô𣿡
ۣ
䣬ѾһֱӽԴĳ࣡


1081 Ϊ
Ѫ糤֮õľް壬һҹ֮䱻˳ѪɺӣʬɽλҲȫ
Ϣͬ˳һڵڶѾѪܱ磡
ϢĵһӦǲܣ
ȻܿȥĴӪһĻĻѪȲ״ô˿ĶſŻ£޷ֱӡ
ʵʤ۱磬Ѫ֮ǿĸˣȻѪطһЩ֧ǲ֮Ҳ׷׵١
˾˭ÿ˶˸ָĲ²⣬еĲ²ⶼһ˵ϡҶ
һ֮ѪˣֵͬĴսͬһ̫һ㣬ճ˵ǰ
֮ųҪҶѪ壬Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʱҶȻᷴȷ̤ƽ壡
Ȼ֮УѪʷҹأȴֽ֮ǿһͷǲʵǿᣬͬΪ֮ʼͬʱ֮࣬ңǵıɽ
磬ۼǿ壬ܹĳı⣬壬͵Ҳߵģ˵ܺ࿹ģ
з˽һôǽǸ̾Եʵƿе塣
֪Ѫĸ𣬾ԻЩ߸ϵǱŭ
Ѫ𾪣𾪣
ȻܵĻͻҪ֪ǺѪ֮ĹϵҲǴڵжԣ屻Ҷ᲻ٴԼأ
ͻ忪ʼһǨ㣬ǽ֮еĽܳӣպܳɳΪֵˣֳɼ磬ԷһҶǰȫҲڶӾֻѪвϣôͻи˵ϣ
Щ磬ҪıҶ౦ĸǣ֪Ϣ֮Ҳޱȵ𾪣вھصĺ֮뿪Ѫ磬Ȼвֶǿߣ޿֣Ѫ磬ȴŻᣬɱҶ
ѾˣҶȴѪâɽƽ֮ĴսȻȡ˾޴ĳɹΪȴҲɥʧ˽ʮ֣ڰҹѪ嶼һʼʧ
̤ƽӪ֮󣬴зôռ౦΢ֲһʹ
ò˵ղļΪԶԶҶнʱؼҺõģһûãȫƽ֡
ҲûкôˣһӦ֮ᣬһʵƤսġ
Ӧ֮ᣬȻʥӦһȻ˵Ƥսģȴкܶ˲ҪΪһϹ޷ֵĻǾԻǵķ׷ɱ
ȻģҲûҪ
Ϲ޾жôǿҶҲѾԼ⹫ĿУԼѪһЩе֪ϸ
ϹޣȻҲ壬ȴԼר֣Ϲ壬˼壬ǴϹʱھʹڣһֱ塣
䣬¸ûĴڡ
κһ壬ܹôԶʱ䣬Ȼ֪ĶȻܹһޱǿʵ
ȻѪڵʷҲ˰꣬мżʮĶϲ㣬Ϲ岻ڵʱѪ廹ҪԶҲȫûжϲ㣬һһĴ
һȻʲôƲ磬˵ȫĴУΪϹʱڣǸͳߣǼΪСĴڣȦʳ
ˣ˵ʵһ̫΢С¡
Ǹʱڣ֮Ҳ˺ܶǿߣȻı䲻ĵλǿ˰֮඼ͬᱻϹɣֱѪʼ涫ĳڿʼ𽥸ı䡣
Ҫ˵֮ǲĳˣС˵ϹѪҲͷ
ҶӵѪ崫е࣬壬ɱΪϹʣɾ͸ˣ
Ϲ嵽жǿûܹ֪һԿ϶ŴϹ֮ѪĺΪ
Ϊ
ĸʵ̫ˣ൱鳾࣡
ҶѣǣѩȵȣÿһҪԶԶѪͳǼˣҲҪһ뵽ȸߵľ硣
ȻϹ壬ȻһӵʵٳɳĻ޷ǿʲôز
ѹ˵˶ҪϹӣȻ֮ҲϹĴڣÿһһ
ЩҶֻЦЦΪôʱ䣬ܹΪܵĻôһɱһ


1082 ̫Ӱ
Ҷʮ굤飬Ѫʮһ꣬ʱ䣬ܹʣʲôµأ
ȻԼηıȴѪ壬Դ˶ֻЦļ򣬶һ仰ſֽȥκ飬ѪԲ䣡
ҶѪâɽĸ״֮󣬾ͳǰҹ壬˵뿪Ѫ֮ǰҪ£һѾɣʣһˡ
ͻ壬ȻѾȫΣĵز˵ʵҶ˽⵽֮󣬲Ҫȥǡ
Ҳţһ޴ľӣ൱һʱﶼٶѪκ뷨
УѪҲ£µǾ仰ֻ֤ҪңѪԶ޾κˡ
ҶһģȻй塣
ڣҪҶǰľ֮⣬Ȼһ˿Ҷֿͷ
ͷԼ޷ţȴ֮ȥ
ʵȻҶıִˣǲͻò͹վһĻκ˶Ĵָһ䡰һˡѪʱ򣬺ܶ಻֪ҶѾ׵ˣΪӡ
ҶЩţһЦ֮ѾĪ磬Ůˡ
Ȼ˿ͷڸ飬ʼҪ˳ٶ۵Ķ࣬ȻĻĪôܻᵹ׷أ
ҹ帹أ̾ͱ˽˵磬ҹȻ൱ˣҶȴע⵽һ˿ɫ
ȵû˵ʱҶҹԴСôе㲻ˣʲôˣҶ˵˵
ҶһƣҹҲˣץסҶֱ۵Ҷ壬£°
ʲô£
Ҷ壬ǲֻ̫Ӱ棡
̫Ӱ棿
Ҷסˣ֪̫֮Ӱǻǵһ˵̫Ӱ棬ʲô
̫֮Ӱ鲼磬ҲǵĴڣÿֻ֮һǿֻͱΪӰ档
СԼϸ̫ܵӰĴڣҶüΪôûһоأ
СǲڸҶ忪Цأ
ԭҹһ˿ϣ̫ӰҶԼշڵģȻҶȻ֪ڣô˿ϣȻҲ֮ˡ
Ҷ壬ص飬ôܸ㿪ЦҹСˣ㲻֪ĴҲģΪӰʵ̫ǿˣӰսԶеκεط
̫Ӱǿ룬ĳЩʱüΪɱбԸԽԽҶ壬ϸ룬ûڱǵ֮رҪɱͷ
ҶһЦǵңҵȻҪɱԴѪ֮󣬵ǵҵˣҶѾɱ
˵ҶĻȻֹΪʶˣԼѪ֮󣬵ȷеͬˡ
ҶҲкܶ࣬ǳ֮ĴڣҶϾɱȻѪ磬壬壬壬Щ˸˲ûκεĹϵȴĻɱ塣
ƳǳһңٿȫҶһҹ֮ɱ˸ɾЩ൱һ֪Ҷ˭̸гˡ
뵽ЩҶֻԼԼôɱѵһֻ̫ӰԼڣ
Ҷ壬ʵ̫֮Ӱڵ龭ΪǵĴڱͲ֪û˻ע⣬ǵĿľǶ壬ҲҰҹ峤ҪְӰʹ࣬һɹ˾ͻɶħɱ䣬¾ķ峤ڱ֮ǰԾ
ң峤ֻǱ̫֮Ӱ壬ҶϿ̫Ӱ桭
ҹĻҶ뵽˰ҹ峤Ǹʼնںڰ֮У˫֮ϸһɫӰԴģԸĴڣ
ȵԼԴҲӰռݣʹŶɹǸʱ˭ҲȲ
峤ǲԵ֪ҶһͬӰս˳ֺ󣬲Ż뾡취£ϧҪЮΪľϣܹҵķ
Ҷ͵һҡͷҾԲܱӰ塣
һԵĹ嶼ɫףȻûмҹ峤״̬ΪʥʹȻҲ˵йذҹһЩܡ
Ҫҳ
Ҷ£Լ壬ҪǸ̫Ӱҳ
̫Ӱ棬ģҹҹ
ҶǷһʶ߶ԼڴĺţŵС㵽˹ϵɫء
ΪҶıֺƽ侲ֱˣ˵ԸѾ̫ܵӰӰǱĬı仯ţ


1083 ص׼
ʵҶԶԶڳ˵ģȻҲһߵ죬֮и޷ҵ̫ӰĴʱȻӲǿԼ侲תʼ˼Լʲôʱ̫Ӱ뵫ȴ֪ġ
ܿ˴𰸣
׷ɱ֮꣬ǵҶҪϣ֮ʩչӰȻȷǿ̫֮Ӱ˵֮꣬ǿ¾ʱȴҲһֻӰϢڡ
ȳȥҪԣκ˶Ҫң
СԼ̫ܽӰƳ壬ǹȴǸûи˵Ļᣬֱӽ˳ȥ
ʱ򣬱ҪҶϣ
ʵҶ̫ӰĶ֪ܹƳȥ˳ȥĿģֻΪҪԿܷͬӰ˵ϻ
ӰԴӽıָһ˿͸Ҷ֮󣬾ͷ·ٴ˳˯УҲûκζ
ʱ֮Ҷ򿪷˳
Сȥǵ峤
ӰضҶĺûκηӦ
ڰҹ峤ϣԼܹҪҶǷǳеģû뵽ԼȻ˸һľأһһֻ̫ӰҪȡԼ壬취Ļ±Ҫء
Ҷĵ峤û˿⣬ҹĿ֪֮󣬾뵽ҶԼֻҪҶܹӰϳȥôҲܵþˡ
ںڰĻ̸֮һ죬ϧȻûеõһĽ취ҶҲûнӰص˵ΪȻԼ޷Ի˵Ҳá
ھͶСȥģֲѷ֮Ҿͻ뿪Ѫ磬ǰ翴ܷѰҵ취һҵһ֪ͨġ
Ҷ仰ʹ뿪ڰ֮У˰ҹ峤һƳ̾Ϣ
ǰģɲ˵˵ȥģϾҪֲѷ죬Ҫ׼Ķ൱࣬Ҳǰҹһ񣬱ϾϵѪİΣ
ҹ彫Ϣȥ֮Ѫ綼Ϊ֮ܣһĺϢ
ʱͻڣиĴСǶǰֲѷҪĶܼ򵥣
̺ƷȻ龧ʯˣ龧ʯճҺ壬ѷ֮ϣ·εķӡܴﵽֲЧ
³ѷ죬һһϦ飬ֲͬѷҲһɵģ龧ʯҺֻһʼȻ·ӡ˵˾󷨽龧ʯеѷ֮УȻ֮쳤ؾ֮󣬲𽥵ѷϡ
ѷĳȾ˵ֻмףϴεеع鴫֮ڸֵĺ֮£ӲĽѷĳһӽʮ׳
ʮ׵ľ޴ѷ죬Ҫ龧ʯҲǾ˵ģԭó֮һ֮ʣµ֮һΪѪó֮һ
Ѫԭס˭ҲϣѪ˴󲿷˶ûв˽־ɳ֮£ܿʹչҪ龧ʯ
Ŷѷڰҹǰߴףʹâ龧ʯɽÿ˶͵͵ſˮ
ⱲӶûô龧ʯжٰ
֪쿴ǿĺƷģ
ɣƷ龧ʯ
ô龧ʯƷ׵Ķѻһ𣬾ѾͷųӴˬԡĺ֮һ㡣
ֻҶΪƽΪԼϵ龧ʯóĻǰСɽ˶١
ʱҹ޳̲סһпô龧ʯһٿԵֵһƷ龧ʯˡ
Ҷգգ۾ﰵĵ˿ô龧ʯŵֵһƷԼѪս鳾һ䵽ű䣬ҪʮƷ龧ʯԼֻеǿһݺǿпռȫ
ֻҶЦͷ˾֮ǰֻҪռʦŽеĳﵽ鳾űˡ
Ľǰ龧ʯɽеȫյĻӦÿֱ鳾ˡ
ڣص龧ʯѾˣҹҲҪ̬Ϊ峤Ѿ֣ܳԾҹ޳峤Ҷҹ˵ǰ
Ҷĳ֣ʱ˵ע˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻͰҹϵһ𣬸ߣѾͨ²ˣĿ²Ѫ壬ҲаҹĲ롣
ȻЩҲֻǲ²⣬ûκε֤ݣοϳҹ֪Ҷǳ󺺵ʱΪС͹زĳֽѵ˻ˡ
ӾȻǰҹˣôҶҲʲôܵ顣
˵ǰȥ޲ѷ˾ȻСҶʱÿ˵϶ɫ


1084 Ԩ
Ҷҹ޳Щȥϸеԭǰҹ嶼ѾΪѪ磬Լ̫֮嶼ɳȥˣﻹҪκε飡
Ҷһӣǰ龧ʯɽͱ˿ռ䳾ȻС׼뿪Ⱥ֮ͻȻ˿ڣţǾ龧ʯˣǲǸøһ˵һǸȥֲѷ죬Яʯأ
԰˵һѪģһôСôô޲ѷ˰
˵ˣǵûаգʱѷûвϣЩ龧ʯˮƯ
Ⱥ֮жʱʵ˵Ĺ׷׶ʡ
ҶĿ磬һ۾ͿͷǼȻŻˣڵĽȴƭˣǶǻˣȻԼ
һЦҶٴ֣龧ʯСɽֳ˵ǰ
ȻǲǣǾͽЩ龧ʯȫûȥɣҲʡðȥˣ
˵֮ҶֱӴСתҹȥƺ׼˦ֲˣҹ޳ҲǼΪϣɨһ֮ǻʲôȡ龧ʯȻȥʰ
һ£Ⱥжʱ˻ˡ
Ĵ֮⣬ûж뿪Ѫ磬˵ҲԸ뿪Ͼǵļңҹ˦ֲܣǵʱùĻǡ
𰡣ҹǰǣ鷳ǸϽȥ޲ѷɣ
ԶԶԣ˭Ҫǲţ˭͸ϽԼ龧ʯߣȻԶԶģ˵
ǣǲǻأ
˵Ŀ֮£Ҷ˻һȦ˵˻𣿡
ûУûУǶŰҹѪ壡
Ѫ֧ǲỳɵģ
ͻǳ˸ưͿҲٴͷˡ
Ҷ龧ʯɽٴ𣬴Сߣ
˸·ҹ޳⣬ҶûٴˣִҪĹҲǿоܾˣΪҹڶĴս֮Уʧȥ˽ʮ֣ε֮У϶ΣգûҪô˸һðա
ҹ޳ֱ˫ڿп̻·򿪿ռ֮ţֱ˵ĵϿգȻ˵ţ¹ѪĴ£Ҳиַ׷׿ռ֮ţ˶ġ
վڿУҶһۿľһ޴Ԩףȥһͷſͣڲһɹɵĳʰɫܡ
ԨһƬɽÿһǸߴɣʵĻһ㣬
Ԩڣһֱ¾ܵġҹ޳򵥵Ľš
Σ𣿡
ûУٵĴûκΣգڵ£ٵѷ֮ǾͲˡ
Ҷ˵ͷֿ˿ܣÿɽͷ϶ˣ˸ոսǶЩˣв͵õϢ˹غȴſֵġ
ھȥɣ
Ҷٵʱ䣬ܷɹ綼Ҫһ£Ȼ׼ԨʱͻȻооɱжȻһݣһСģ
ֱӳոСסͬʱμתɱվֻӰͻȻ˿УֱԼɱ˹
Ϊ֮һŹֵɫ֮Уֳ࣬һȵƷ·Ҫ˺Ƭء
Ҷ棬һ۾ϳԼǵԼ׷ɱʱȺˡ
Ⱥ֮ĹƻȡԼӵеĸֱʱԼ껯ɱ˹Լİа֮Щ˾ɢ뿪û뵽ǾȻѡڽ͵ϮԼ
ǵĹ޲ģȻڻɱҶҲ˳ɱСҹ޳ˣ
Ҫ֪ҶҪСȥֲѪѷ죬СˣѪɾˣ
Щ˱ͲѪˣѪ缴ĻҲںֻΪҶϵıȻҪǱԳ֮ȫûй˼ɡ
ҶкһȻѪɫ棬һӶȭͷӭȥ

ҶȭͷͶԷײһ𣬷޴죬ԨϿղϷ졣
Ӳǳ
ԼһȭȻûнӴϣҶ̾жϳ˶Է

Ȼ֪һ磬ҶǰȻֳһʵƣʮɫȥޱȣƲ֮ȴһļµĿֲ
ͬʱһЦ𣺡㣬ǽҲǶδˣҸطú̸̸İɣ
ǰһֻӴͬ۳һƣˣ


1085 ͽ˺
ƶȻһֱ̽Ƕ֮УȻһ촫ըһλҸ˫ᣬޱ޵Ů֮֡
ʱԱߵһΪҲҶˣͬˣӳһᣬڿмǣǵأڱգзųΪǿҪҶ뻭С
ҹ޳֣ҶȴǶС
˵֮Լ˫鱧һɽ֣Ż˹ȥ
꣡
ɽûײϣֱӱâ˽ȥҶһݣҲ𣬺ͻڵǷ֮ͬڲдǧ磬
Ա߲͹Ҳսһһһǳʥʹһּӿһּ죬ƻãС
ʱԨЩɽϵǶɵˣȻ֪ΪɱҶһʱȴҲû˸ǰȻĶǱԹ̬ȣȻͻĸǣǰͲЩܹҶɱ

ҶȭͷλֳеײһΣĿ˹֮Ͻ֯·
𣡡
Ȼɢֻɫ֣һһҵҶץ˹ȥҲ¶ԼΣĿ࣬Ӣһͷɫĳ裬ˣ¹ˡ
ҶһЦŲƶ磬˲ֻܹɫ֣ȭͷٴŶԷȥ
ս֮£Ҷżǿģûмܹ࿹⡣

Ҷʹ󺺲ϵڿзײ޴Ľײ죬񷶼𶯡
Χ޲Ŀɿڴ⻹ӲĽҲ˰ɣ
ԾĻҪˣȻ֪ҶǿûӴ᲻ֲֿԼǻʵǿҲԿȻҶȴˣ
ǵˣײ֮£ҶˣԽսԽµơ
ԱλҲٴγˣ̿߷ųһ·ϴӿг֣ѹҶ壬üβͽҶ˽ȥ
ҽȥ
һŭ˻Ȼų⣬Ѫھ񣬻죬ֱľͬһƬյΪѹݺݵĳҶѹȥ

Ҷ˫̧һ˫Ƹ֣ȻӲĵס⸱һλľһŲգ졣
̫ˣ
֪˭һԵ̾Ȼ£ȴȥ

ֱѹҶԨ֮ȥ޾·֯һŴҶεĲһֻôץסҶþȫҪϽС

Ҷп죬ѪɫȻл͸¶һŨɫеľֲٴ׳Ҳһɻ棬Ȼ˻ץס˻ߡ
⣬⣬Ҫ˺ɣ
ˣλҲɫȻȥȫһ𣬼߶·ҲҪҶס

Ҷٴŭ·Ȼը¶޳˶ϰ͸Ө͸ļ⣬ԿƤ֮ĲѪһɹϺɫĻ棡
ұ֮ϺɫĻ۳һ֮гɫĻ۳һȻҶ˫ơ
һ޴ĻԲγ֣
ԻԲҶ򵽵Բһ𶯣
ҡƣ
Ҷȼ˫ֶȻꡱһ촫⸱ͬһĴ󻭣ȻıӲ˺˿
ȫˣ
ɲֽŻƤɵĻϲƳ
ͽֽ˺룬⣬
ʵҶԴ˺ģ𽫻գٻٵ˴󲿷ֵ·֮Ȼ˺˿
ô˵ֿȭ£Ȼܹٵʵˡ
ৣ
ֻֽһ˦ȼ·޾Ԩ
ˣ
ҶһʹԨ֮лص˿У˫Ŀ֮ѪɫȼգŭǸˡ
Ļ£Ǹ޼֮ͱҶˣȻҲҶʵĻǷŭ޲ҲҶһ˺ء
Ҳ֪ҶʵǿĿ£ԼûĲĶ֣쳤Х
˭ɱͿԽҷ
Ҷ׹仰˼кȻٴδһһȿռ֮Ŵ򿪣߳ˣһ׳׳ƣһһЦ֣˵Ҫ㻰
ֵҲˣ


1086 ɱ
ֵܣҶҲİѾˣߣȴǲֻܹϸоһΣյϢ¾ԼѪ֮ڵޣҲһĶ֡
ʱѾģǸϼһϼһλޣ֮֮ãʱͻƣӦֵ⽫˹
ɫĵͷȻҷ˵㻰ֻҪɱͿԽҷλǧѷĻᰡ

Ҷ֪ʲôΧɫı仯ϲѲ³ڶе㶯ˡ
ֵܸǹЦᣬҪˣû˻ɣ
˵ͬʱֵ˻ƵĿɨһȦΧˣǺݺݵĵ۹塣
Ȼ޵£ֵʤȯգҶڱصãˣ󺺻ǲȻǵļ֮ҲǿĴڣԶˮⲻ˽ʣĿǰǻĲΥҡ
ˣҲԸľװ׷һСϵĶˣ
ֵҲͬʱ֣ڰ̵ֵȻңλɱô죬ȻҲӦ÷ֵһҲҪ֮⣬ټĶǣ
ͻȻһЦ⻹вҪСϳ֮⣬ĶֵǮ
һֵȱˣһжɱ˵ֻҪˣܲʱļ̸⣬Σ
ҶվһԣԹ۵Ⱥ֮ĶԻȻѾԼϵ⣬Ϊ׸ˣ˭⣬Ҫֵ¼¡
һЦҶȻڵλܲ˵һ䣿
ͻȻڣȻ˶˹ӳ֮󣬾ʼĪվһԵλҲ̧ͷһۡ
ֵܷ꣡һЦ㵨ӹȻСʱл˵ðɣǾ͸ᣬ˵ʲô
ʵ֮⣬һиõı벻뿴
ⷬ˵˶һ㶣ҹ޳ҲǻԼĶǲˣ˼ҪɱߣãԼ̹иõıѵ˵׼Ͷˣ
ȻعЦŵôˣҪö㣬ˣɣ
ҲЦĵҶӣ˼ɱ㣬ϵĶȻҪˣҵͦ棬㻹ʲôõı

Ҷ£˵ǰͻȻһ⣬ԭվҶͻȻʧǷӦȻһҽ
˫ĿԲڵѪϴ֮ɫΪ֮ϺȻһ˶Ķڣһֻ˸ѪȭͷͻأĴ˹
ȭͷˣȻҶˣ˿ޱĵɱңҪ׼ɵ㣡
ȭͷٴһѪ촽䶯л˵Ǹһڴӿеȥֱ·Ԩ
ʱ򣬼λ޵Ҳ¶˾ݣ˵ˣڱôְΧ£ҶȻɱˣҸµǣȻˣ
˵ĿڿҶıϺȻһɫ򣬲һɫ䣬ָų㣬㾹Ȼõ
ȻӵӦ֮飬ûм֪ǲͬΪ壬˵һЩټѪıҶӦ֮ᣬȻ׾ȷһС
ԭӦ֮ȻѪУȴҶ
ԴӻصѪâɽ֮Ҷʲô¶ûɣר־оԳˣ˾ţ֮ŽӦ֮ӡǸĨԼӡǣΪԼһ˫
Ӧ֮ãҶͲҪֻּ٣
ǿͬ˫Ҷ޷׽ٶȣ˲ڱǰͻ֪жôֲ
ս޵У
ҶҲľȫӦ֮ᣬΪϾķ滹һɼΪǿҶӡ֮Ҳûɢ²⣬ӦڳˣͷӦġ
Ҳ͵޷ʩչȫЧĲٿ磬߶ҲǼΪܳʱʹãҶܸɴĽΪԼɱﵡ
Ҷô綯Ӧ֮ģǽ⣬λޣҲеĻš
Ҷ΢΢һЦǲǱҪأ
粻ͻȻһ˫ֱڿп̻·һȿռ֮ţȻ󣬾Ȼﳤȥ


1087 ʮ
ϳҶϵӦ֮󣬾Ȼ˶ǾȲѣ룬ѵòǺҶˣ
𿴲ĿǰĳƺֻΪһʥ޲ĺᣬʵͬʣһϹǿٿ϶ȰԳ
ȻǿȻѡսӣⲻѿжҶļɵ
˵ɫҲȻǲ壬֪Ӧ֮ѾõһرҲ֮ġ
ټϸղҲǼʶҶɲ֮ٶȶȻ쵽һֲ˼ľ磬ɱ˷ˣٶȣ޶ûзӦ
ڲߣҶûɫĮעǰ󺺺ˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶһŭһҪȫ˺Ƭ⽴ĳ嶯
ڼţΪ֪ⲢԼ뷨̫ܵӰӰ졣
̫֮Ӱļ壬һֵıԴڣ˿ֲ֮Ҫɵһж˱Ǹ֮ˣͻüɱ
ͨͰҹ峤̸֮Ҷ̫֮Ӱ˸ӵ˽⣬ȻĿǰûκηܹǱƳ壬ǿӻǶʱ䣬ƾ־ǶԿǧӰ쵽Լ뷨ԼԸ񣬸˳ǵȥ顣
İҹ峤֮Զںڰ֮й¶ţΪܼ⣬ҪԭҲڶԿ̫֮ӰڼκζҪɵ뷨
ǸڰĿռ֮в˸·ƣƣƣΪľǷһԾ֮ǰ̫֮Ӱ壬Ӷס̫֮Ӱ㹻ʱ롣
ϧǰļ˲֪ҶҶǲ˿鲨۾Ϊơ
ֵܶһ֮ҶһҶжȻһӰ嶼ҪѹƲסӰˡ
ʱȻһߴӿ𣺡ҵȻޣѪ岢㣬˭Ҷһëұ֤뿪Ѫ磡
ʮӰܵգվǰľѪ峤ԣʮˡ
ʮ˸һ֣ξͿʼɲ֮ͽ޸ΧһѪӳա
ѪʮԡѪ
Ϊ˱ԼȻʮȣʮ۵֮϶ҵĶ֣ʮ˼һ֮£ûǵĶ֣
һӰ֣һƬ޴ĺɫƲ֣֮ÿͬɢɱע˺󺺡
ҹҲˣ
ҹΪ̫֮壬δİҹ֮ҹķһǰģ
ҹѪҶһ˿ů⣬Ȼ嵭еŭٴ˹
ҵ˵ɫȻѿ˲٣ĸȻǿߣǾԲô˵Ķ֡
ߣ
ûҵκεĶǰͳһȿռ֮ţֵܺȽУԼ˽ȥ
ڿռ֮żر֮ǰҵȻת˶ԵԣⱲӶ뿪Ѫ磬ȻĻʱСǵԴղɱ˷ҵˣ
ɫ˿䣺ɱ˷ҵΣǶͱˣҲţ
ǾĿԴ
ռ֮ڹϣ˶һҶŶԵ⹫˰
ЦŵͷߵҶߵִ£ôܲû˵㣿
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ߣѹңʵǺнɱؼһǻҳ֮һĺˣڻڣÿ»ѡһ죬ķʽΪǽ֮
Ҷ¶֮ɫԭҾȻҲҳ֮һĺˣ
νҲ˽Σ˾ҪȷĶĴڣ°˺֮䣬𿴺ųֻ벽ʵȴ֮ȻȻϵĸ߷ˣڷ˵ȷһĳĻԵѹЩ˶ܹȥʮֶģ
ѿ˶ڷ˽ķǼΪչˣÿ¾ȻһԱнؼܵĴ̫ˡ
ϢȻҶе𾪣ȴ˿û¶⣬΢΢һЦɱ˻ɱˣ
ЦҶļʲôƨңǡ
⹫ҴСȥˡ
ȵȡ
ҶתͷɻĿԼ⹫ҡҡͷЦŵСĵ㣡
ԻлҪ˵ǻȴ˻ȥ㣬ҶܹȻ⹫˵Ҳɰʵףֳҹ޳Сеȥ


1088 ĺ
˫۾ע֮£ҶһڿʼԨ֮·ȥѪͰҹ־ıҲû˸͵Ϯˡ
˵˼ҶһĵģۿǾ޲ѷġ
Ϊڶ࣬·ѷ죬һ˷߳ǰ͵ϮҶΣ̫»Ӵѷ죬ѪͰҹֱӵסˣǸŽ룬ҲĿ֮һ
ոսԨҶ͸оļȻңͬʱд̹ǵĺ⣬·󰵺ɫ쫷磬ֱδǰһһƬ
ȻҲʹŵĴѷȷܴ󣬲Ȼܻ˻ҵΡ
ҶĵĿһҹʣȻû뵽ǣҹȻޱ˫͸¶˷ܵĹâ˿ûܵκεӰ졣
ҹڵΣжǿʵҶ޷壬ӣΪ̫֮壬ںֻ̫֮Ӱҹʽĸٵĺô
˭Ҳû˵һ··ȥҶתĿܣԼɼԨĶھһɽϽ棬˵ĸоԭЩɽǳһ𱧳ŵģȻһһȭһڳ
ɳȥʱ֮ãҹ޳ſڵˣ
ϸ˵λòĵģĻҪ롣
ǳڰ˶ǳˣ߲ܵӰ죬ȥǰһޱȵĴ·һ۶ͷоƺ֮ͨء
վҶſԼʶʶʶ֮£ԶҪʵá
ָŹֵ·ľͷĽǷҲ֪Ϊ̫ңʲôλõԭҶǿȻ޷ֱԺηʲôġ
Ҷ
ͻȻ֮УҶڽԼ
ͬʱҹȻҲ˸Һڽң
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ҹͷҹ޳ãȻҡҡͷȻʲôҲû
Ҷüͷһ֪ˣӦòǽǣڽ̫֮Ӱ
ҹ峤͸Ҷ˵ĺˣ̫֮֮Ӱֻշ̫֮Ӱ̫֮壬ܲ˺Ӷ޲ѷ졣
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Ҷ˶СҪǸоԾ̸˵
С̫֮壬Ӧñκ˶ҪȫҶȻģɲκ⡣
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˼ȥĺڰȻǻҵһּ³̶ȣʶѾȫʧȥá
ڣҹ޳ںڰ𣺡ǰĵˡ
˴Ű֮ңĵطһ󶴣ڲϵ緢ŰɫĵһһŤ
Ҷ֪Ѿвڰλ鳾ĸֽв鿴Ҳûг
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ҶҲһȻôҪȥ޲ѷ죬ӻвϣΪѪµġ
Ȼҹ޳ֵûô࣬ϴ˵˵ķĹ
ȻڣҶ͹֮⣬û֪˷Ĺ࣬ҹ޳˵ȴĿҶһۡ
ҶװûһתͷܣܿͷֿǽϺ͵ϵļȱƣȻǳ֮ˣ
ҶǿЦԼǿɱ˲˰޲ѷʧܵĻѪֽԼһĽˡ
һҶſڵҹ֣ͲȥˣȥǣҴСȥɡ
ҹ޳ݸҶһīɫĽǴܽʯһ󷨣ȵʱʱ򣬼󷨣ѷ֮ϣǾͿԳˡ
֮ǰҶСѾ˺üϸ޲ѷĲ裬׸ˣҶͷӹܽʯСպãҹ޳ֵҹ֣ȥˡ
ҹ޳ȻӣҹС֮һҪСģѷܲͲܲ͸Ͻ뿪סѪҲûҪ
˵֮󣬲Сشҹ޳վҶһҾ׵ҶС鷳ˡ
ҹ޳˿¶ĿԼõҹȱ䣬ĲԸСҲҹȱĺ󳾡
ԴҶҲ֣صĵͷģ
Ҷոɢɫ⣬ԼСȻǣСŵȥ
Ŀ˵Ӱȫʧ֮ҹ޳Ȼһ̾ɫĵ峤ѵֻɾ̫֮𣿡


1089 ֵ
ռÿһռ䶼γһ磬ʱ˿̣һһƬţûκڵ֮УȴͻȻһȽӲӵĿռ֮ţŴ򿪣߳һֵϡ
һòӲʣ°ɮ۵Уׯϣתһһλ޴ʦֻϵĹȴ󾡻٣ΪĻ
йԴ֮ſһֻϴСʨӣԴȴҪСޣںеĸ첲֮ϣһֻһ˫ɫСߡ
ֵϣκ鿴ԶЦĶۣȻȴȻѾϰΪˡ
üͷ΢壬˫֮Ⱪǣͬ׹һ㣬ǵ˷кȥʱǰ̵źег˹
ʱſԴϵֻԴͻȻڵͺӣ㵽ûףҶˣ
ںֱϵСҲǵԲ˴ۣгί֮ɫͰ͵ĳźС
̾˿εˣˣܿҵˡ
ȻϾʥӰԼҶнշֻޣСԺͺССڣ
ʱҶţ֪ҶдѷֻȣȻ뿪磬ԽѰҶ䡣
ܰҵн磬ҶȴΪ׷ɱ֮ʼ˲ϴԽ磬ٴδĪ˳ͻ֮ԼѰҶ
Ϊн̨·һϯ̸֪֮˸ӾϢҪҶҪѺͺߣͽֻ޸
һ·ϣʥӿǳԹֻ޵ĿͷѣԲʱʱ̿Ŷǵ龧ʯģڻԱĺ߸棬ҵ˲龧ʯ
һ·ʱ䣬һ˶޼ϵڸ֮дУûһͣȻҶȻ֪ںδСǰΪʳһ֪λµһƬ·ȻԿˡ
¿ˣһŴ˳֮⣬˵˵İöζɴཫӡ
ÿ㣬㶼ô˵㻹ƭǵʲôʱ۵Ҳˣ㿴ССԲ˯ãҪǵģҪǻ˵϶ˣ
˵һͷߣ۵㡭Ҽǵӻ˵֮󣬾ռҵԴҲû࣬ۡ
ô࣡ϴҳԵǸʲôˣ۾͸˵ˣΪԸſԴϰҪԴִҲſأ˵Ҫ˵Ҫԣʱ̶ͣѵ⻹𣡡
֪Ȥıͣһͨȴͷû˿İ취̨·˵ͬǾҶĹؼԼ
ͻȻһĻ˰Уͷһϲѿڶҵˣ
Сѵõ̧һԼ˶ԴʲôҵˣļٵģҶôܵôһ̣ʺţأǲΣˣ
ǳźߵССڣаҿֻܹҶ
СССҪ࣬ҶҶĸҲǼΪ񣬱ϾҶȻģһ·ԹԼ̽ӵ˼ޡ
һ˵пԾҶа˫չһӰʱٶȼ죬˲Ѿʧ٣˿һǧ֮ңССڵ
ʲôҶͺӣƭǣǲΪЩС޺۸㻰أ˵
ССͣһƬյصϿգİʾ⡣
ɳ죬紵۾·һƬɫĴأѾ֪ꡣ
𣿡
ССͷ
̧ճצһᡣ

һ׳ĺɫʱ뿪أ嵽˿С
޾һ㣬ֱ嵽ϣȻڼ
޾ĺɫ֮УͻȻֳһ׹⣬һһ
׹֪һ㣬ֱӳɫ֮г˰ĵС
ʱСҲ̽ͷŰʱĵɫĶ
һ龧Ө͸İɫʯͨһɫ⣬ǻŵһĴȴһССĺ㡣
Се㲻ŵĵôһʯͷܾҶ
а̺һ˿֮а֮ܿֽסаߣھȥѪҶ
Ѫ磿֪ҶģСһ֮ȻӦͺӣƭӣ֪ҶѪ磬ǵܡ
̻·һȿռ֮ţĵҶҪͦסˣ


1090 ɭɭ
ҶǣСոı£߽Ǹڣĵġ
ոս룬һ˾Ϯһ¯һɢȵ¶ȣոı֮£Ҷܸܵȶȣ֪¶ȼֱߵĿ£һֱӾͻᱻճޡ
ԴǰһɫĴӣֻʵĲˮǹ̵۽
޾ĸ֮лһǿҵϢ˵ĸоľ˵ڣֱ̼Ҷĺë
ϢҶһϤ˵ȸ½ϵɽҲеɽ鲼뵹հĻ˵ֱ֮С׼ףֵһᡣ
ҶɽʱĺȻʵѾǽȣҲǿޱȣԶԶʱİǼˣȻо䣬֪Щ֮ɱˡ
ֻЩǴأ
ɽΪʬ壬ʦɽ󷨷ջ֮£ŵɭɭԹ졣
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ҶĵĿһСȴСһﾹȻûһ۾ܡ
۽ʵĵطܿһ޴ѷ죬ң۽ӱƽУȥһۿͷѷ֮Уðһֵİɫñͺڰĵ磬Եøӵʡ
Ȼ׼ۿ˿ֲѷ죬ҶȻ⵹˿е㻳ɣ龧ʯСɽܷ㹻ѷ޲ϣ
ʱҶкȻһҶ
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վĵطѷ촦ʵ벢ȴ˺ܳһʱ䣬ΪԽѷ죬ΧԽŨոԵֵм˿Ȼͻ˽ķƮɢ˽
ʵҶһոȻǷȻܹռ䣬ȻҲзã֮궼޷ƿھȻסЩ
Ϊ˰ȫҶԼҲųһ֣˫رǵס롣
ڵѷֱ֮ѾŨһ޷ܵĵز˫ر֮£Ҷ嶼䣬ֽűⶼýӲжӰ졣
Ļǿ¾Ҳܹܣ
˵ʵҶʱ̲סҪ䶦Ϊˮϵʥзӡʥ䣬ֵӦҪոǿ١
ٿع䶦ҪҲǼ࣬ҶԥǾٵȵȿϾΪֹΣջûг֣ԼҪ
ҹȻɿҶ֣ȻǰȥҶʱųһ亹æ󣬴󲽸ϣһסֵСܣ
飡
Сֱ֮ϷһɹŹֵȻҶֱָˣ
Ҷǿ̶ȿͬ˫ҲȻȴС𿪣Ҷ΢΢һСȴǳᣬȻӿٶȣһӰಡһʹֺܳո˫ر
Ҷʧɫæ׷ȻΧͻȻǰ̵ӿ˹ҶŰΧ޴ѹͬһɽ£ӲҶٲά裬һ޷
СɵǵӰȴǸκ谭һ㣬Ƭ̹ѾҶ֮ʧˡ
Ҷ˫۶ҪɳۿˣɱķΣգԼҪССģȻС̫֮壬Ǿȥ˭֪ʲôΣա
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
ͻȻһЦҶĶҶȻת˫ֱ֮磬ǵûкȴ׵ıĥûз
ʲôˣ
䣡
һɾ޴ȻҶͷӹһ죬ҶͷϵոȻֱƷ˳ȥޱʱ֮ͬˮһ㣬Ҷӿ


1091 ѷ֮
Ҷɫ䣬ոĽⱣоѹɽոȻδ֪ĶɣΧǼȵèһǰ̵Ҷӿ˹
ʱ˿̣ҶԼǻص˵ȸ½ķϿǣʱΪѰҵڣԵ½ڴصѹ㽫ĩ
Ҷȣʵ˾˵ı仯ȻЩļѹ֮£ȻпҪĸо֪ѹľ޴
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ɢ
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ϴνɽľҶ֪ԸȻЧ൱ġ
ûҶɫٴһ䣬ΪͻȻоԼͷųһոձɫɢЩȻٴԼӿ˹Լš
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ҶȻ׹ЩȻκ鶼вǶڼԵ̫֮Ӱ˵ȴõĲƷһ
Լϵ̫Ӱ棬֮ʼǱҳ֣ΪڵʵҪոͬʿһ
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ӣ̫Ӱֻ֮£ڲǱڰŻǴ׼Ҫֶˡ
Ȼ֪һУҶҲûа취ȥԸ̫Ӱ棬ֻʱȽŵһߣֽԶոջڣʹʯǰУѰѾ֪ܵȥ˵С
Ҷ˳ѷСǰУȻȻԴԴϵӿʹʯ֮УҪΣգϾߵڣûп֮ǰЩµκټ
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׳ѷ֮УԴԴϵͷߵĺɫһҶĿҲ޷κεĶ
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ҶѾ˼£һͬаӿĶУĳĶġ
ѵ̫֮Ӱ
ۡһҶ˫䵽ʵͬʱһɺ˲̲ס˸
ҪӵŨҶܸоĳ˵˵һִϢ
ҿʹʯԼͷţȻĻԼ̫Σˣ
ȻҶͷת꣬ʼʵʵͷϲʹʯͻȻһ⣬žȻڿնȻ˷޾ĺڰ
ͻȻı仯Ҷʱͷţֻ֮£ûʹʯԼ˲͵
ܿͷ֣ԼûĺúõģΪʹʯˣǳܵͬҲ׷ȥԳܵϢϢ֮⣬ûʲôʵԵĶܹвԼ
Ҷ֪ʹʯΪʲôԼߣղСҲǣѵ˵Ƕܵĳĸ٣
ô˵Ҷ֪ԼǰʹʯҲͶˣӰصʵ֮öûֱˮΣˣСҪҵ
ҶҲźڰȥûע⵽ڰУȻϳһӰӡ


1092 ᶯʬ
Ҷںڰ֮еÿһߵļΪСģͬʱϵĹ۲ܣֻʵ̫ڰʲôǿϢѹҪ
ŪĻ֪ʲôĺ
ҶţԴӽԨʼʼûиŪκεĹһܿļҲȷʵֵطŪ᲻ԼøӶΪڰ֮ΣյĻӡ
ֻǵڣĿ޷ٿκζǰδ֪ĺڰѹҪε
ԥƬ֮ҶȼһССĻ棬ȻҲй֮ԶãǹͺڣֽȻ෴ĴڣһȻɢڰǺڰܹͬɹ
ȫڰĻУĴĹ֮ὫڰŭӶɶԼӲľ档
ڻ棬ΪܹٻһеĻ֮߱ӦĹӦûõ㡣
һССĻҶָð綹Ȼ󣬵ȴһƬΧҶǰһ
ȻʱһǿĺⶸȻϮ壬һݣǰĺڰ֮кȻһȺɫӰӡ
ۡһҶĶһеĻ澹ȻϨǰٴαúڰޱȡ
ҶȴԸоһɹɷĺ⼸ҪԼƤ鼱֮£룬Ȼһȭͳźڰ֮˹ȥͬʱμȥ
䣡
һ촫ʲôںڰ֮ը˿Ҷδһߺˣһ߻Ÿղһ˲ԼЩӰӡ
̫֮Ӱ
ԣǲӰӣĳʵ壡
ѵﻹĳδ֪棿

ҶĺһķӲ˺һƬڰǰһ޴ĺӰԼϮ
ҶûֱӻȭǽŲƶӭǸӰ˹ȥһһ࣬һ졣
žһҶץסǸӰֱӲһ˿⻬
˵֣
ҶȻһﾹȻĻ棿
ʲôˣ
ҶӲһǸӰֱǰ
ȻһһλߵֻһƬĨ̿һ˫ԲҶһЦһֻȴϢ̧Ҷզȥ
ҶȻУҲһȭͬʱкʵ㵽ʲôˣ
ۣ
ߵֱ۱Ҷֱһȭҿûиоһֻʣ°صֱȻҶ
Ҷܾе㲻ԾΪԷ̫ǿˣڶһֵֻҲôͰɡ
ԣҶüͷȻһ壬Ϊ֣Լסߵϣû˿ĲӦһʬ
ʬôܻᶯ
ҶһȭҳӲĽԷһ룬ͬʱһᣬԵĸоʲôʬг˳ȥ
Ҷ˲ϸ룬ʬˣֱ󱳿˱ɽ֮ͣǰʬ忴ȥ
ʬһȫ¶Ϳźĺɫ֮⣬һкĳۡ
ʬ忴Ƭ֮Ҷı鶸ȻˣΪ뵽ʬݣѪˣ
׼ȷ˵Ӧ֮ǰĽ鳾еһԱ
ҶԴµľѰȺµ˿ʼûз֣ȻҵˣǹȻǽ뵽ѷ֮Уȫˡ
ǼȻѾˣʬΪʲôᶯ֪Լ
뵽ղͻȻһĸоʲôʬ뿪ˣҶкһ
̫֮Ӱ
ȫ̫֮Ӱˣ
Ȼ֪̫֮֮ӰˣΪ̫֮ӰǿԿ϶̫֮Ӱһǵڣͬ꣬ʬһԲٿκ顣
Ҷһ뵽ԼԼڵ̫Ӱ壬ôԼҲһΪȺʬеһԱ
뷨Ҷеӹðһɾ⣬ɱҲԸΪ̫֮ӰƵһܣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȻղŵȼ˲䣬ԼĲһӰӣӰӣҽн֣Լץסһأ
Ҷҧأ϶ȻһǿҵĻ棬˺Ƭڰ˷Բ׵ķΧ֮ڣ˺˵һĻ
ԼǰȻվһƬѹѹӰȫһڣһȺޱߵ֮ĶһϢעԼһ˫˫ͬڶһ۾֮У͸¶˵Ϣ
ǾȺ鳾֣ھȻ̫֮Ӱٿ壬ҶΧ


1093 һа
һƬֲָĺڰУһȺӰӲٿŵʬϢŰΧһΪĻ档
Сˣ¶ᱻ
ȻҶڱҲǾһ亹
ƺ̫֮ӰУԭֻǽҶΧûзҶ棬ƬռɲǣеʬȫˣȻû˿Ҷ˹ȥ
Ҷ̤֮·ʼһ·ߵ죬˵սǾûһսܹȵǰⳡ
Ϊ̫֮ӰЩʬ壬ǵĵһ壬ֲǾȻܹӳÿһʬǰս
Ҳ˵ҶҪһ֮ս鳾ĸ֣
䣡
һɫĴԸ߶̺ŵǿȻϢɢ˲٣
һɫĳϢҶٶǴﵽ˼ޣ
һĺɫСɽŷ·ܹѹһеȣҶԴݺȥ
ܹʹñֻСˣ󲿷ʬ嶼ԴֻơȭͷȽţͬ嫵һӿҪҶȫûɡ
ҶȼѪɫ棬Լս˼ޣŻ긫ֽճȭŲƶʬȺ֮С
ҿϴԼһºޱʩչ˳
Щʬɺ̿ɵһѪҲǼµĺɫǱʲôһᷢ
ͬһ˵ĳһ֮ս֣ս¾ԼңǳҶԼ֮⣬ûǰܿЩʬ壬ҶҪ̲סԼǲǵںӰ
Ϣ֮УɫѪɣɫ𵴣ǿϱƬҵ
һҶȻһ
ԼȫɱȥĻǿҵԻὫѾѷø󣬴ӶٴμӾѪ
Լ΢֣ôȴԼľͽµֻȱˡ
ʬʵ̫ˣ鳾֣վһҶɱҶҪϲοй̫֮ӰٿأһѸɣձҲȽǿӲؼǸηֱ۷飬Ȼԥļǰ塣
ô
ҶҪʤΨһİ취ǽȫƬ࣬޷˵Ҳǲġ
ʱ·ͣһ㣬ҶǵԼѾ˶پʬ壬˺˶ֻ֫ȼյѪɫѾʼ𽥱һϨĻսͻص鳾˱֮
ǸʱսĸΪ࣬мĿսܡ

Ҷĺʼôأٶȿʼղһ͹ٵȻܵĲ֫ϱۣʬѾѻСɽȴǰĵûм١
ȥԾһƬѹѹʬ塣
Ҹô죿
Ѫ죿
УЩʬٶȶǼ죬ԼΧȦм䣬ӳѪ죬Ҳû취סǣֻסѣûЧ
ոƬռ䣬ǴĸԼȥʬȺȥ·µģͳȥˣôٽƬ
Ԫˮ
ܲУ޼ƿʩ£Ҷκΰ취Ҫһ£׼һԼڵȫӳȥ
ȻͻȻ֣ԼȻ޷Щ֪ǵĴڣԼ֮ϵжˣ
̫Ӱ棡
ǰ̫ӰΪ˶壬ֽܳոɣôͬ飬֮ĿǰǣƴѹסҶڵĸҶٻ
䶦
Ҷ̫ӰʥĹ䶦ѹס
ȻҶٴʧˣ䶦Ȼûб̫ӰѹƣȻԼԼ޷ٻ
ҶɫʮֵѿԼ˻긫⣬޷κεʥˡ
̫Ӱ棬ѵΪܶȡҵ壬ҾԲóѵģ
ҶѾϨѪɫ澹Ȼٴθͷֳ˰˿ˮΣɫÿһŶɢĿĹ⻪Ƭҫһ
ɱ
ҶһһεĳʬȺ֮С
ɫˮ֮ɫĽ֮ɫĹ֮ɫĻ֮ɫѪ֮⻪ת
ɫͻɫɽӾ޽ɫɫѪɫơֻ֣
ײƿը죡
ڰ֮Уų貵̻ҫۣӲɢޱߵĺڰ·Ǭ


1094 Ӱ
ҶͣΣվԭأͻȻһߵһһҲ
ߣԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣʬǳɽѪƯ֣֫·ɽǽֵʬ壬˿̶Ѿ֧飬һ̲̲࣬ضǡ
ۼһĻĻԲԼ۾ҶȻһ֮ӲĻɱ˽鳾ĸ֣
һɫĻ긫صˤ˵ϣһ貵Ľ⡣
Ҷ˫־֦ͷҶһ㣬ҵĲţס긫
ţǡͨһҶǲ˫Ҳͬ޷֧壬ֱˤ˵ϡ
ɱ鳾֣ʵֻ鳾˱֮Ҷ˵һ飬ԼԼܹ
ΪҲ˼Ĵۣ·ѾһһմȾѪҺĩĻȻ˵ѪҲԼѪ
ǿ֮ϲǳһ˿ڣеǱɵģеȭͷģеǷеġ
˿̣¾ǱһҲûһ˿ڱصѪʬ֮УȻһֻһ˫峺۾ɵôģſУƺ͸ⲻ֪ĵ磬죬װ׵ƣ硣
ܸղֹʱͷųĹâĿʼȥʱҶ˫֮ͻȻһƬ䶯ĺӰ
鳾ֵʬȻ׵Ļ࣬Ƕе̫֮ӰȴûаˣڣҶĵ£ҲڴӺڰ֮ˡ
״죬һڲµĺɫӰӣҶŵİΧҶ﷢һ֮̾󣬻۾
һ̣ڸоԼǸʼմ̫Ӱ棬ԼĽŵԼ岻ƶԽ˫ȣԽظԼԴƽ
ȵӰԼԴԼ֮УʹԼˣӴ֮Ϊһ߿ܣһ߾ͬղűԼɱȺʬ⣬Ϊ䡣
֪ҶȴܣȻźüʥǿ󵽼µѪȴͬ˯һ㣬û˿ķӦֻޱߵĳš
ҶгĻ棬ݵһ飬ܴС£кܶƽͲ飬ʱȻ˻֮С
˵ʱ򣬾ܿԼһӰԭһΪƭ˵ģû뵽ȻģӣҪӲˣүү⹫磬ԲҲܻصǵˡ
ҶԼԺţ֪ڲԶҶĵվ̫֮ͬӰһϢ
ҪҪҲ޷ռ壬Ҫܵĵƣ̫Ӱռ壬ĴѪұøӵǿ󣡡
ͬһ֮󣬷ҶٴĿһҶҶϣ±ƽ˰ɣҪӵǿ󣡡
ҶʧˣҶҲȻûĻΪԼǿյУĿƬǿգıһ޴ĺӰǣɣеĹʧֱһж˺ɫ
ĺڰʱݷʧȥ˴ڵ壬֪˶֮ڵͬʬһҶͻȻ۾
˫֮һƬڣڶһ㣬ɵҲͬɱЩʬһġ
ģҶ̧Լ˫֣ŵǰĿ˰֮ͻȻѿͷһЦݣû˿
ţҶһվͷϵĴԼ壬ϵĹЦݸӵŨˡ
ڣҶĿ˻̧ͷǰվŵɫӰӣȻûзκε˲ӣЩɫӰƺΪηڵҶæһһߣѵںһ𣬵͵͵ĸӣóһ·
ҶͬһλϵľһȺӦǹŵӰм߹ĵطϺȻһڶ
ȵҶӰԶȥ֮ȺӰӲֱĸ󣬳Զȥ
ҶǰУ峩ͨ뵽ޱߵϢ͵֮Уֱ߳ǧ֮ͣ
ʱ˿̣ǰһɫˮ̶̶ˮ֮УʱʱĻðɫݣϢըˮ̶룬һɫʯͷСǳһƣ֮У
ԭʯͷıԴ
ɫʯͷ֮ϣȴһˣȻҹ˫ĿգׯϣͷƯһʹʯͬˮһ㣬ԴԴϵźʯ֮


1095 ʱҲҲҲ
Ҷվˮ̶ıϣڵ˫ضǣ״ӰԶԶվţƺǳη壬Ϊǵ״ڷžҵı仯ļΪìһ
ҶվƬ֮ڿնֱӷɵ˺ɫʯͷԱߣҹʹʯת˺üȦͻȻ֮һӰӣһֻ֣ҹӵˮ̶İϡ
ͻȻľٶðϵЩӰһһΧɽ֮ϣҹȻûԾɱƣһ
ҹ뿪¶ǿɫʯͷı棬ӿݣСҲйɹðϸԿʯ̲һֺɫҺ壬Ũ֮ڹ˸
ЩɫҺ壬ҶԳ˷֮ɫһ˫۾֮Ҳðһڹ⡣
ţҶſͣһӿʯͷеЩɫҺʱһĿС
ԶЩӰֿʼ˾ҵĸıԼ״ȻһĻǼΪ𶯡
ɫҺ岢࣬Ƭʱ䣬ȫҶĿУҶҲͣզ죬һʯͷ֮ϣͬղŵҹһȶ۾
ٴλָһƬţЩӰҲɢ˲ʧ٣û֪ȥ
Ȼʹʯ֮дһƬţ㣬Ӱˣ
ûеõκεĻӦҶԾ˫Ŀգһʯַ֮һ̾ϢҺ㣬ͦҳôҲ㻹оȣ֪ˣҾӦý֪ġˡ㣬ϧʱҵ״̬޷̫ʱѣʱҲҲҲ
˵仰֮Ͳ𣬵ԿԸоʯϴȻ󣬺ʯ֮ðд󲿷ֶӿ˹ʯ֮УֻмСһַָҶ

ѪԨܵĸɽ֮ϣ˶׹ע·Ǹ޴ԨԨ֮оȻӿΪƽԽƽԽ˸оĻš
ԵüͷѾšһ𣬲ϵȥߣ˫Ŀͨ죬ҲһĶԨ
Ŷվϲ֮ɫһŵⶼˣôһ㶯ûУȥ
ȥ̫Σˣֱӿֹ
޺޵ĵ֪ΣգҲһֱȥ
ԺȻԴ԰꣬ҹ˵ڶûλӦŰգȻĻҲ˵Ҫ֪Сδ峤
ȷԽѪ˵ҹ˾Ե̫Ȼˣʮɽͷµʱ䣬ûжһ£ƺ˿δ峤İΣ
Ҿȥǵô£
˵֮󣬹ֱӳ˹ȥζȴûסΪҲͬŪҹ˾ʲôԼ֪йصĵܣֻݲʺֱӳʣȴûκεĹ˼ɡ
ҹ޳ǽȥʱ˵ʲôˣ
ҹ޳۾ĵҶ˵ˣЩ
ôʱûôô򶨣ѵǾͲС
ҹ޳΢΢һЦʥʹҶ϶ᱣСѵ㻹Ҷʵ𣿡
һ仰ͽסˣҹ޳ǱȹԼԼһ
ҲúȦˣֱԴҹ޳֪ǰҹ϶һЩܣȰ˵ȻĻҲ
ҹ޳ĬƬ̺ǵģǺСйأ漰
˵ڲʲôܣеϢС
ʥʹ̫֮йأ漰أˡҲ˵
㣡
üͷҪ֣ȻʱȻתͷһ
ֹڳиҲͬʱĿ⿴һΪǶоˣһɼΪǿ
֮𣿡
ΪͣǷߣ
Ѫϡ٣ʵǿĺŸյ鳾ͷųôǿӦġ
Ⱥ֮۷׷ף²λֵĸֵݡ
ۣô˰ͺӣȷҶ𣿡
һͬһԶԶ˵ľȴȫΪ仰Ϊ֮һΪ仰ᵽˡҶ
һ𣺡ڣϢΪ΢ӦѾա
ϵ׼׼һʯͷܿҶϢ
ǷҶʦҵģ˵Ҷעʱһ֮ͨʯͿԸ֪Ϣ
˵֮䣬һֵڳ˵ǰ


1096 
һУͷһֻ״ʨӵĴԴޣֱһһ˫ɫĳߣ˹ʵ̫ڿǣ˶𾪣һʱ֮û뵽Ҫѯһǵ
ʱͷԴ޺Ȼڣ֮дһ˿˷ܵͺӣûƭңŵҶζˣԨ棬ߣߣöˣ
һ˶˹ͷ޵ĿƺҪҶʳˣ
Զʱɫһ䣬ֱվ˺еǰʮҲǽ𣬽ǰϰΧ
ôܹԸоԷǹǿֱǺ嫵Ĵһɲ⣬Լ¶һĶ֣ͷ⣬⵽ķߣôǿ
ʲôˣеҶ˭
ҲڿŶԣȻͬʱӣԴȿڵףζҶЩơ
ҲͷѪ֮ζҶĸ׾Ѫ壬ңӦѪ֮ˡ
һһ޵ĶԻѪ˵ɫòӰǺڶŶԵֺʮһ°Ҷ֮
ʥӰΪҶһ仰ϧ뿪磬Խգ磬ڽѪ磬ҵҶ
ֹ֮ϵһǲ˵ģ߱Ҳܸ𾴣ǰΪʥӣׯϣз֣ȥһһȻ˵ѪǲûĻ
СԸղǾ仰ʵһԼݣҲòѯ˼йҶҵ飬ȷ˰Ҷĺѡ
뵽ѪڵɽͷһĻѪжǷǳơ
ѪԭҪˣð峤Ҷʵǿ£ھȻһ޴ʦҺҶ֮ؼǣ˵Ͷպǰ;ǲڣ˭Ѫأ
Ψһ΢е㰲οľǺôǷߣǴȱΪŷƣ£ԼվѪ壬Ҳþͻĳ
Ҷе뷨ԻЦƢԼҪңˣû˿Ĵ֮ɱ
ֱԴķʽѪĿ˵˳Ѫһʱɫ䣬Ƕ˼У޲ֱӽԨ
ͬǵʵʦܷ֪ʲôѣ
һɼ֮йأҲֻмſˡ
ʦмɰտԾҶ
ĬƬ̺߲ڿֻɰգ
ɣ
һĸʣ߲ͣѪ˵ȫ
ٴκʮһλʱ䲻ˣھȥҶ
ȥҲסˡ
峤ȥɣ
ʮҲǿҪҪһȥȻȴҡҡͷǶȥһҲ֮סʱ鷳Ҵӡ
ָСԣССڶʱŵɽͷΪССȻ̽ʵǿаѾҵȻҲҪðˡ
ߵԨϷʱ˵ע⣬ҪǿԹ죬ŭѪԻͣȻϽ죬ѪܲãǲҪΪ
ͺӣ߿ߣҿˣ
Сͬ⣬ֱŵԾȥ
ҶкȻ壬ֻ֮£ռźܴƣȻֻǼ򵥵Ļı֣Ƿ֮߳ǱĬģȴǡԵĿǡ
Ȼ󲿷ֶʹʯɣȻɢһ֣ڻɢŽİǰЩһ⣬̾ͻữΪޣ԰СԳֱͨӵѷ֮
ȥŵˣ棬ͺӣǴˣкöζ
СԾȻѵõڰĹͷվһֻצӣͬսɳĽһָŰֻ֮жҪĿˮȴǽıԱ¶ţǲòˣ
ȻҲһʶһ·ʥӱͺӣˣֻĴѷ촦һԾ¡
֮󣬰ҲͬоǹɿֲϢûҶع˼ɣŪǡǡ෴˼ԺȻųһ֮⣬ͷ֮ϸǸֳһŽɫӡ
ͬһС̫һӲɢ˴Ƭĺڰ


1097 
ǰСԵ϶¶֮ɫɽʬԼ۳ɺӵĺɫѪĿġ
С̲סͰ͵ĵ⣬˭ɵģҶãòҲаɣ
۾֮жȻ⣬Ȼ벢ȴ˼£СԵ۾е޷ҲѵõûгŰôʱ䣬֪Ƿյܹͨȥδ
Ƭ֮󣬰нȥһûЩӦöɱģ
ʲôСԽгһɱôˣ
Ӧ˵һ˺ôˣЩӦöǱĳֶ壬ڼҶʱѾˡ
˵֮󣬰ͣǰȥ
类ȻЩطںڰ֮УӰͬɥ֮Ȯһ㣬ıЩڰ֮һ
ںɫʯͷϵҶȴͻȻ۾ڵ˫֮У͸¶һŨɱȻһվˮ̶ϡ
ϣҹԾɱһҶƺʱע⵽Ӷ˰֮ͻȻһץ
ʱɫӰӴҹ֮бץ˳ӰȻĸԸĳ֣Զڼĸı״ƺ⡣
ʱһĽŲԶĴ˹Ҷɿƣ̧һžͽҹ˳ȥ顱һֱûɽڣҹԾûѡ
ҫ۵Ľ̼Ҷɫһ䣬֮ͻȻðһźɫٵӶȥЩ֮УȻһɫ˸Ź·
СڳǰôʱӿǰηӺͻɢĽ⣬ȻڲƽѹŽ⡣
ԴˣķʮֱӣſȻ³һ
ͬʱȻֳһɫͬſһ
۳һͬ쾪ףޱ߽⣬ȥݿһ㣬˲ͽкɢޣͷֱ룬Ҷǰ
ҶȻҲоȣȴ˿ţ˫ֻڿдɫĹ켣мɫ·㽻֯۳һƣס˳Ľ⡣
䣡
ײһ𣬷¡죬ͺͬʱͬ˳һ㣬ܳȥЩɽ֮ϵӰӣ̱üߣЩȴǳ˿ӰӲϧðűյΣգǿץһӰӣȻߡ
С̲סԼ͵ǿͺӣɴ̸ҰɣɤŴ󣬺󡣡
ҪǷɮСԵ仰ƶĴӵų̲ϴпٵ֮컯ķԣȻСΪֻҪɤŴʩչ
ûٴҶĽǰ˫ĿⱩӣֱʱСԲŷһҶô
ȷκ˼Ҷ˶һƬҪϸܲ˿һ˵һʬ塣
ǿˣ
һһ˵߸֮󣬱ŲҶ߹ȥֻһߵļΪ˫һ㣬һ£Ƭ綼΢΢һͬʱǹɺȻĻɽһӿ
ԶЩںڰ֮е̫֮Ӱ˿һȻǽ޷жǲǿǷڵĹǡǵĿǣΪʥӣ𷨺ƴټѾŭԸЩ̫֮Ӱܹġ
ȻҶȴԾվһƺǸûвɽĳѹȻΪ̫Ӱ棬ʵɲ̫֮ͨӰܹȵϵġ
СԣһŽƳҶڣֻҪһ֣
СԣС˿ĭͬԴķʽӦͺӣһֱΪʲôҪҸһҶԭΪ̵һﰡ㣬һϵ̫أкü֣µһҪǽȥһܹ
ѣ··ܵʳʳȻֻռҶ̫Ӱ棬ȴǸûܹԷȥİա
Ҫ̲Ǿ׼˰ɣ
仰֮֮гǿɫаȫͬһ㣬ȫӿ˽ȥ
аʱҫ۵İɫâ׹֮УȻʢһ޵ĺɫ𻨣ҡҷҶȥ


1098 ӵı
İ׹ǶɫĻ棬Ҷ˫ڵ۾֮¶һ˿ɫȻĺɫˮ̶ȥ
̫֮ӰĻۺͼ壬ԣһֵıԴעӵаʣΨһܹǵȻ
аһ˿֮ǧܻ۳Σ̫֮ӰĿǣҶŻ˾¡
ҶתҪӣ׼ͷ֮϶Ȼ⣬ڿлҶΧȥ׷нǶȣ޷ߡ
ҶɫޱͬӰӣֱԼҲ֪޷ӣȻת˲ǻָı壬ʵӾȻͬӰһʼ±Σİ׹а
䣡
һĴ类ĽӳյĿһƬСԶ޷⣬ò۾
ͺӣʲôô̰
ûлشΪӹһԤУһŭ˫۽֮£ͷֳһʮߵĽŮӣӺݻſͣһɫĿ³ڿš
ÿһųͻᷢһͬ㶯֣һʱ֮䣬Ǳ˼ã͵ֳ죬ޱ߽貣š
СȻܹ̲סô˲ָ֮ٻ˳ѵаβҶ𣿡
Ϊ֤˵ĻһոµʱͻȻһĺͬһ㣬絶ƽӲ˺⣬ƺںֿ⡣
˶Сǿ۾Ĵʹ۾͸âȥȻһ
ҶаĹâ֣֮а治ϸǣһɹɺӿıʹţȻоġ
֮ЩεŵĽʱͻըһƬޣ֮ȻҲԽԽС
аеѹƵ£ҶȻܷΪ
ɫԽԽأĵаȻβô£
СҲѵõղҾ˵ˣһּΪֲĹӰûеģӦþֵס֮а𡣡
ǰСԣע⵽Щ̫֮ӰǸҹͰ֣ҲûʬԲݣֻԶԶĶһ߹ۿ԰ҲʱûǣһֱȫԸҶ

ǿɫʯͷɢһֻҪǿͺӣ㻹û취ˣӦûûȫҶҲˣٲץҶɾˣ
Сһ·֮϶ڱԹҶûʲô̫ĺøУĪ绳ﳤģ֪ĪҶĹϵҶˣĪԲùټҶϵʳҲ٣ҲĲϣҶ⡣
˼Ƭ̵аûЧ޷뿪Ҷ壬ʱһҶͻȫ
ͻȻ˲֮޷һ֮ͻĽ⣬׷ͬʱҲâ»صڡ
ţһץסͷϵСԣȻ˳ȥ
СҲĥžҶİ취û뵽ȻԼ֣ⲻ֮£ֱӸӵķ˳ȥصײɽ֮ϣֻ̫֮Ӱˡ
ΪӣСҲͭƤǣȻܱײᡱһ¾ͷս˶ޱȵˣƿڴͺӣǲҲʲôˣúõʲô
תһۣԭص¶һ˿Цôʱ䣬һȻҪҸᱨһˡ
㡭
СԶʱ˵޻˵Ҳû뵽ʥӾȻôصı
˿ЦҲٴСԣϽ뿪ˣ֮ҺҶûܹ߳ȥĻô뾡취ϣһܳȥ
СԱģǰ仰ȴһѿڶͺӣʲô
תȥ˫ĿƵĿǰȻаĹâа֮еҶǹâа𣬴˿̶ѾİȥȻҶǹȻӲĳסǵѹƣҷݻǡ
ʱ˿̣ҶҲڵŰһ˫ͬڶ۾͸˵Ĺâƺ޲һڽ̵
˫ֺʲһ֮һһĵԻҲ˭
ۡһȻջԼӺͺȻаĹâаڷһ˿֮ҲͬʱϨ𣬵»ع鵽һƬŨĻĺڰ֮У


1099 Ӱ
ڰ֮УҶȥһһŹҵѣҰƤҸ㣬˷ʥӣٷ壬Ϊ֮壬Ϊ֮Դҵ壬Ϳ̩ͨϴΪڣ
СװҪʲôˣ׼ԼȥҶ
ǰİ취ˣΪ˾Ҷķ˼ʱ䣬Խ磬ڼҶȻаʧȥãҲȻ˷̫ӰԼ壬ȻԷڽͬھĻҶܻ
еķΪľ̫ӰԼĳ⣬Լ
СԶʱˣȻϣҶ⣬ҲԸ⿴ӵתĥŻûа취ֹ
Ҷվںڰ֮Уͬһҹһ㣬߹İȷе㶯ġ
Ȼܹû˵ٻȻĻͨߣǴﵽ˾ķ߶޷˺ȻȴܣΪ֮壬ԼĿǡ
ռҶ̫ӰΪļ壬֮ԴԼ˵֮壬ﶼܻһеıԴ̫ӰĶ˰壬ȷܹͨӶõϴ
һߵҶǰһ֮ͣȻϥѾ׼ˣҽԼ㣬ΪŹҵǺͷСޣԸ⣬ʱԿʼ
˵֮󣬰۾׵ɢȥԼеķȫһ״̬ȴ̫ӰĶ塣
̫ӰȻеԥΪĴڣȻţҲ޷⣬ôܻΪ˾˶Լأ⵽ǲǰı
֪ǳ壬ԥһ֮¶˾ģװ֮УթֻҪܽ룬ǾͲõģϾҶǿĴڣնɹ
Ȼ̫Ӱ׼֮ʱͻȻž֮дˡꡱһ΢
ֵ̫ͻأ̫ӰͰСԶĿķ˹ȥ
ޱߵĺڰ֮һʵɫ⣬ǿʹʯ֮ϳһѷ죬Ȼ
һ̣ҶɫȻˣΪԴɹ뵽֮󣬾ʶʹʯԼԲܿĳǿڣΪʹʯԭǴģҽҹߣȴʼûиҶʹʯһ£Һʹʯƽʯͷе
ȻʹʯȻƿˣҪߣһţҶĿһɫӰӣڲ״̬֮µİ˹ȥ
ʵȫ̴߶Լܾ̫ӰĽ룬Լһܾ̫Ӱ϶صҶ֮УȻԭȵ״̬ĵȴš
Ҫ𣿶ҵĺˣ
һʹʯ֮дһɿֲϢ˲ͽȫ
һ̣ʱݷˣѾҶĿгһ̫ӰȻֹסˡ
ȻСԣɽϵЩ̫֮ӰҲȫϢѹ޷
СԵж¶˿־֮ɫɣɢɿֲϢˣ˲佫ԼҶ׵ķޡ
ž
һ촫ʹʯϵѷٴα󣬽ſʼҵĲֱȻըһɫӰӴӹʯ֮˳
СԵ඼̲סҵһͬʱ뵽һܣѵ˵ʹʯ֮лһ֮
Ļǽ˭Ҳˣ
ɫӰ֮󣬾жһ֮Żվ
ãⲢһӰӣһˣֻݣһؿ֦һºȻҲû˿ҿòҲһĺߣƣ̬ӡ
˭ҲûиСΪȻûǹɿֲϢɢġ
̧һҶͰߣǱڿѾҶһ̫ӰôҪ壬ҵڰɣ
˵֮ͬӥץСһһѽ̫ӰУһʱȫĴҶ˳ȻֱӵԼĿС
һĻİСԶĿɿڴԼҶ̫Ӱ棬Ȼɵı߸ȥ
Сԣ̲ס͵͵˿ĭߵθڿӱԼҪð
̫Ӱ棬ߵĿͣҶϣ̾˿Ȼûбȫ壬֮ѾҪϨһ컯ܷץסÿԼˡ
һ֦һָָһŽ⣬ҶĶͷһ㡣
֮䣬Ƭŵĵ֮У·һɴֱ͸޾ɽ壬֮ϡ


1100 յ
Ԩ֮⣬գͻȻһ磬ըһףһŲ֪Ľ⻺ų޾ϣء
ۼʿȫͻ̧ͷۿÿڻ֮˾֮ϴĴͬӴһ㣬ֱÿ˵
һ̣˶һУȫ֮У޷԰Ρ
Ԩ֮£СҲͬܵһ֮һ̣ƺ֪ǿĳֻԵҵæԱĿ񣬽뵽붨״̬֮С
߿Ű˵ͷѹд˴壬ԭǷߣһźٷ壬ѵãѵã
ţߵĿֿԶСԣƽϾȻӹһ˿ɫû뵽֮Ȼܼѡ
ߵĿƶ˸ղű̫Ӱɽ壬ȴʼûҹϣΣȻųһɶĿĹââ֮ɽ֮϶ʱ߲ѷ죬һѿ
Ŀܶ˲֪ɽڣ֪Ի޷š
һ֣һ͵ҹԼǰ
̫֮壬Ȼ̫֮壬Ѿںֻ̫֮ӰߵԵļ̲ס΢΢궯
ӱҲиˣֻϧһ֪⣬ΪֻҪ뵽ּĻ֮ɾ̫֮壬һ֮ǣڤʯʯײ֮£ŻΪģȻˣҾһ֮շֻ̫Ӱ棡
˰֮ٴݸɵָһīһĺɫҺֱָӳҹüġ
ôʱʼûзӦҹһ˿üͷ΢΢һ壬ƺǸӦĳʹࡣ
ȴٹתͷɽ֮Ǿۼһ𣬼Ҫŵڶ̫֮ӰĵҲͬԴȻܰװ׶ǵڤ֮ԸĻͶ뿪ʱգлԵĻҲҲ̤Ϻһĵ·
ڶ̫֮Ӱʱͬը˹һĿʼϱ仯ˣƺڻһڷ׷״ɽ֮뿪ųһţվߵǰȥӦһ
ˣɣ
ſͣһɺ̫֮ӰʱȫĿС
һ֮תͷܣȻüͷһ壬ξȻֱӴԭʧ˵֮ӽ׵ľ޴ѷ졣
ڤʯȻôѷ죬ʵ̫Σ˵ڤʯֶڷ˽֣ô統أѵΪ֮
ͻȻ֮䣬ߵɫȻһŲƵϲɱ̧֮ͷϷĵˣӦǸɵĺ°ɣǿ¾벻ڤʯȻңҺ뿴ٴοʱǵϣʲôı顣
ʹʯ֮гߣȻӰأ
˷ӡʹʯ֮УǿʵԼ˯˿ӲдĻڡ
ϴαҶѣӰսҶĹ粻òٴ˯Ҷ˵ģһ鱾ڷ˽ڤʯ
ڤ֮ӰأֱĲƷκ鵤ҩҪʹѾûлҪõή塣
ʵԭԵȵǿ֮ٳֵģҶȻ̫Ӱ壬ǹңԲǰʯ
ѷ촦תһ֮ٴλصҶͰǵߣͬ£۾ĵȴš

ͬʱĳһ֪統Уһڵؤһɽ֮ϣ֮Уɫڿ裬ɢ
ͻȻһؤͷϣ֮Уʢ裬ǧײת
Ƭ֮ؤȻ۾ⱬʮԶһɽ֮ϡ
¡¡
ɽʱСɽͷ̮¡
ؤ𣬶չһл
ţؤͻȻ¶˾ϲ֮ɫʲôͨͿ޸ˣĺϢҾ﹧ݹ٣˽ʿǣѾû˵Ĵڣȷʵôչ֪ĺ
⽥ڳʧؤϵϲɫȥȡ֮˫֮иǺŨŨҧгݵĵҶţ㣬ұҪϴ֮ܣҾΪˣ
һ߲ʿռ֮ڿи֣ؤһֱʧ


1101 λ
Ҷǿյľ޴ӰѾȻȥԾһŵ磬ҹҹ֮ϣԭ貵ķǶǱһ㣬΢ɼĹâ֮ҶҲͬʧȥ˽ɫ͸״̬ƽ˫۽գû˿
ȻʱͻȻһϿ֮ͬ
֮ӭƣԨ
֮ˣΪ֮£̫֮ߡ
һ־Ȼƾ֣֮ͬһľһҶΧƣҫԡ
̶֣ظͬӣ𶯣쳹ǿա
֪ϵ˶ٱ֮ڳٸȫһ⣬ǰ̵ĳҶü֮С
ÿһĳ룬Ҷ֮һ֣ٵȫ֮ҶǼѾ͸궸Ȼٴ
ͬʱҶ֮ϣѾͨʮѨλȫÿѨλ֮жͷųһС͵磬ʮϲһ۳һǿ
ȻǵһɹɱڵĺĳҶ塣
ʼҶߵӰȻ۾´ǹ𶯣¶һ˿Ц⣬ĵ⺢ӹȻд컯ȻĹ˵ˣۣסˣǰӰ̷ڤ裬ǰӸϸʣӴ֮κ֮ضȥãǴ˵еڤҲ޾ˡ
ȻˣͶɣ
СԼͬʱ۾ͱӰ֣ԶԶһ֮ȻվߵӰصǰ
ò˵ߣȻ޾壬ȴ֪Էʵɲ⣬ѷǵС
̬ĶӰʩһǰǰҶǷˣ
֮Ⱦ͹ҶİΣӰĵͷûˣһѹѣʵǼ£°ɡ
ǣ
޷ΥӰƽ͵СҲѾ˹ѵõŵıԣͬʩһǰСԡ
Ӱ΢΢һЦ֪ѣǿǺպ
ҪǱ˵⻰СԱضƮƮȻȻ԰һ£ǰȷʵҷҲԹԵ˰Աߡ
ǰմ
һӵɻʯͷбĳĳǿ߾Ǻηʥ
Ӱأ
ӰزûԼݣֱӱԼ֣СԵĴмвûйӰصģڻ磬˺Ǻ˵
Ӱأ
ʲôۣҲһͷӣˣҲмҪǣʲôĸ磿
һһʵش𣬶Ӱ֮󣬳Ĭ÷һ̾Ϣһ꣡
СԺͰ˯һѹ˻ܳΪ𣬲۱Ĵڡ
ӰڸпȻüͷѪ磬ΪհѪλɣ˿˿ڤʯѵΪѪ壿
ǰ˵ʲôСԺʵ
ӰһУˮ̶еǿɫʯͷͷɵС
ڤʯܹͷų޾ڤ֮κ飬˵ڤ֮ԶҩȵԻܹˣͻ
ڤʯΥͣӦڷ˽磬Ϊ˿ɵƣȻȴѪ֣ӦĻ֣ڴˣĿǳ״ݻѪ硣
Ѿڤ֮ʴҪѪʵϲˣֻڤ֮ӳȥ׳Ѫ磬ʱȫ
ⷬİСԶһȻ飬ѵֻΪһѪ
˵ҪѪ壬ô鷳ֱɸ׵ɱѪ
ҵĲ²⣬֪Ĳ࣬˵Ѫʷֹܹλ޵е𼶴ڣλǺ;Ÿɵģ˸ǵĶ֣ȻλѾʧ˵ѪðһλԱҪѪ塣
ֱĨɱǸܣλ벻㣬ǱȻǿķҲ޷ֱͻơ
Щڷյǲ˵ģ˰СԣѪλﶼǳ˾
ȻλѾʧܾõʱˣȻķȴȻ˶֪۷ʱڣ֮ң˿ɵС
ֻϧλѪӦöѾȺ
һλû
ҶͻȻ𣬴ӰصĻ


1102 ֮
Ҷ֪ʱѾ۾˹
Ҷûˣ
¶⣬ϲ֮ɫҶЦųͷûˣ
СҲ˷ֱܵӳ嵽Ҷߣҡͷβ͸һ͹һҶȻ֪ĿģĴһ龧ʯȻߵӰصǰʩһлǰ
Ӱذ˰ֹǳƽ
ûҶӰزܴʹʯг֣˵ڷڤʮӺ죬ûӰأҶҲܻ
ҶȴԾɹĽʩȫΪӰز͸һ컯ˡ
ΪϹŵһ澭ġֱΪˡ͡ҶġѪսԴڲġһȻ죬ӰؾȻյġˡݴȻҲȫȴǳ
һݴ£Ҫ֪˶ҪۺĹžκ˵õ䣬͸ˣ
ԭҶڡΪϹŵһ澭ĳƺŻе㲻ţȻȴȫϿˡ
ΪħġѪսӰصӰսȻֱⲿžеһǲȫġ
ȫ־ģֱλۣ֪ġȡõĳɾ;ǰ޹ˡ
ҶͰ˷ֱ𽻻ЩԵľӰؾһֱڱĬĬš
˵֮˶ޱȸпһΪ˺ѣϧգķѼʱ䣬Խ磬һΪ˻ɱˣͬվ
ƽ֮˲вƽľڳˣҶѪ֮廹ǰٷ壬꺱ӵ֮ˣ֮ӵŵ
бףӰص˽⣬¼ʲ٣ӵʵˣǲĳĵˡ
ΪĴڣһΪҲУԶԶҪĶ࣬˵ĴڣҪɣߵ·ȻҪȱ˼࣬ʱĿܡ
˴˵ľҶȻҲ֪Ӱصľܹ˽졣
Ӱصľʵܼ򵥣֮󣬽죬аɹˣȻһڻؾȻû뵽ԺͿʼ׷ɱֱձӡʹʯ֮С
ӡľҳ֮һؼңӰصӰսӲǴı֮ϸһ˿û뵽ȴΪԼѣѾнؼңԼĺ˵Ʒ
ҳҶȻ뵽Լǰɱķˣѯһ¡
һ治ҵʵҳڻ൱ްԣƣÿ嶼һɱǵĺˣȻݣСΪ
Ҷͷ£Ҳη壬ұ˵һң죬δҪԵĵˡ
Сһ䣺ǰΪʲôǲɱ㣬ǽӡʯͷ
Ϊ˷ĸʯ
ĸʯȻһʯͷܻ˾죬컯ЧҲ֪λˣһ֮ǽǿⷽ뵽ʹʯ֮УӶʹʯΪĸʯĴڡ
Ȼľĸʯ޷ȣʹʯȴҲž˵Чãľǿͷų޾㣬Ҷ֪ֻû뵽ʹʯȻΪģ
ţҶСԵɫͬʱһ䣬뵽һ⣬Ǿʹʯֻһ飬ʱĳо飬˵Ŀʯͷ֮УԷӡ֣
ӰصȻһЦǵģܹ˾ſ飬аǿ߱ӡС
ʵҶΪˣ֮ӡǿߣĸʯ
ҶľҪ쿹Ļô취ҵ˿ĸʯͷųеľǿߣȻҲ֪˭һ˵ʵ
ӰصʵжǿҶ֪ܹ˼ɵͿ֪ôǿߵʵ
ҶĶˣ
ˣҶղ˵һλѪûô£Ӱʵ
Ѫλ𣬾ʼ涫ħ죬ҲǶ죬ȻΪ˱ˣѪӳǱȻ޷ˡ
ҶõѪ֮µϢӦǲûǱһ֪ĵط
ӰҶĽ֮󣬳εеյ㣬վ۷ǿߵĹޣѵڡ
ҶȻվʵ̫ȳԼʦˡ
Ӧ·ϣ


1103 ֮
·ʲôһڣӰȴҲ˵ˣֻ˵˵к棬ҲҪȵǳΪ֮󣬲ʸ֪˵ҶҲϰΪ
۹θڣΪĿǰʵ綼֪һЩ飬ȷʵûʲôôҲûм׷ȥ
ӰҲй֪Ļ˵˳
Ҳʵֵģͬ˽ʿһΪؾ磬Ӧ죬ÿ㾳־˶ڻַΪĸС̨ףֱӳΪһ죬졣
ȻҲһһĵλҪߣܶ˶ûʸ֪ϼ֣Ӱû˵˾磬ֻ˵ֻ֪졪죬졣
֮⣬Ӱصؽһνһ죬ҲҶĿǰעġ
ʿﵽˣֻа벽֮ңʱʵܸӦĴڣžԲָӦҲԽԽֱﵽ֮
Ǹʱ򣬻ٳ֣׵ػ֮󣬻Ŵ򿪣ȥǻ죡
ȻٵΪˣ൱ʿ޷׵֮Ӷɢ飬ʧΪУͷֻʣһա
ȻΪɲҶǶ׼һ·Уֻһ·ȥû·ԣοҶǰѾܹ٣ԵҲʲô¡
ҶȻԼĶźӱˮֱӴ˾죬ûо٣æѯʡ
׵޷ܾĻǰ˽룬Ҳֱӱѹ촷ۣȻǱץߵģôȻӱˮ
˵ӰغȻסСԵӣˮ£ѣ֣ӣĿʼжˡ
ʲô˼
Ӱâܱ֪ǼȻߣʱˡ
˾֪ʥ֮ǿȴˣڶ֪ʵѾ
»ȪǾ죬޾統УҲûһŵʥ
ھ֮бһʬ壬˵ֻҪ֮ӣ֮ȡʬ֮Уп
ʥǾ޵еĴڣҲĶ֣ܹ临ҼԲٿأԺɨ졣
ˣ˱㿪ʼжѰ֮ӣ
ܵȷ̫𺳣Ҷ֮˵ȫĿ⼯СԵϡ
Сͬ˰֮ͻȻ¶˰֮ɫѾΪӵ˵ȷǸصĴ
ҶͰһۣ˭Ҳ֪ôοӰҲ̾˿֪ѵĻǱȻ᲻ϧһдġ
ҲӰظܵԭ򣬾ϣ÷Ҫ̫ͷ¶棬Ҫ鷳
ҶͰȻ֣صͷǾԲС֮֡
ˣǶ뿪ɣһҪһʱ䣬ѷҲ޲ʵڤʯ֣˵ȴĪĺôһᴦģӣʱɣ
ָȻҹˣΪ̫֮ȻѾӰؿУҪ²Ϊӣ˵һ컯
ǰʲôʱ뿪
Ҳȷʵδȫָ뿪֮϶ȥǵģҵһ˿壬㵽ҲܸӦĵȥɣ
Ӱزݷ˵ֱӻ˻֣һ͵ҶǾԷɳѷ졣
ʵʵĿ࣬źȻһ죬ɫ·ѷ֮г֣֯һźɫĴ׵ķ
ҶŰСԣ뿪ѷ죬ǳԨ֮ʱѪ֮˶ʱǳ嵽ǰ§סԼĶӣ嶼ǳһ
ҹҲվ¶ɻ֮ɫΪûпҹ
Ҷͼ˴к֮󣬾ߵǵǰ赣ģСɸ˿УΪ˵ӣڵ֮бչأǲҪȥ֮ͻ֣⣬תһ¹峤Ӱ֮ʱС
ⷬðҹ־ϲȻҲһ㲻ţ֮ôܻи˴ڣ
ԴˣҶȻȥͣʱСͻȻԨ֮д˳Ҷ˵ĶģʦˣǶȻȥɣ
һ仰˰ҹ˵ɻͬʱҲҶͰӰ֮ͨܣڵģȻ淢һжָơ
ţҶתѪλҲذɣѷѾ޲ϣѪ粻


1104 
ҶŰصѪâɽΪֹѪ鶼Ѿ˳Ȼ϶кܶ˲ţµȥ鿴ǾܹģҲͻƵӰزĽơ
Щ龧ʯҶҲ㻹ȥˣͷģҲȫΪ鳾ֻһ֮ңˣԺҪ龧ʯ
صѪâɽҶ̾ͿʼչأѡѪ֮бչأء
øõӰصġˡȻٴѪѳһɫķҲǴĺڰԳӶﵽ˳֮
ڣֻҪ˸϶Ϊһųһͺпһ뵽鳾
ңڵĵʱҲûʱȥˡֻٸεӡ֮ϡ
еˣ
ߺ϶Ϊһϴ
ˣ򵥵˵ǵô˾еֻһ˸޷֪˵ˣˡĹǽѰҲɵΪá
ӰرֻһӰӣܼ⣬޷Ȼõˡˮʼյһľ硣
˵ԲϹŵһ澭ĳƺţȻҲܽӰؽɸҶʱ򣬻콵ʣˡ
Ҷܹ֮ѹҲΪԶӡ֮󣬸֪״̬ĴӵյӶֵ·𶯵ΣӰ֪ɹˡˡ
ǿ֮УҶձĿߣٸΧӲӡ
Ҷĸš
ͬһֲڵ¸еĵط࣬еĵط٣յǼ򵥵վڴϾУҪ۲ɽòĽṹεƵȵȡ
⣬һܿµĵط󷨣
Ŀǰеߣ󣬵ȴ֪ʵԵ󷨸
ֱԵΪϵ·γƣ󷨣ܹʱĵֲ󷨱仯
ӰҶ뿪ѷʱ򣬾Եóһ󷨡
ѨλѨλͬҲѨλÿһ֮ѨλڣǵΪӯܹ֮õ֮Ѩ󷨣
֮ˡ֣ǸҶһȫµ֮ţӶ֮·ߵĸԶ

Ҷչڼ䣬Ѫ綼һַڵ״̬֮УȻΪѪ粻Ϣġ
˶ڻ˶ף壬ͷҲ⡣
Ψһ򶨵ľǰҹ壬Ϊǵδ峤Ԩ֮£ҹ޳ڵʮ֣Ͳ뿪ҹĵȴš
ҶѾȥһµʱˣԨ֮Ȼ޶ڣҹ޳ʼеżˡ
ϣȥɣ
ԱһλԸµ
ʵʱ䣬Ѿǰɹȥȫ޹ĵڶҲȻӰصá
ҹ޳׼ͬλȥʱ򣬺ȻԨ֮оȻС̫үүǸϽǰѪ壬Ѫѷ
һ仰˵аҹ˶Ϊ֮һ㶣ҹ޳æСû°ɣ
û£̫үүٹ²ܳѪеΧֹȥԮ
⡭
ҹ޳üͷʵڲףСڵ£Ȼ֪Ѫ彫ҪѣҲûѯʣǴӦԴ˹ȥ
һ֮СҲû˿ҹ޳ϣҪȥѪ尡
ҹ޳ͷʵѪ϶ѣҲѲĹϵ˼һ˻ȥ峤˸ߣ
ҶŰҹѪ֣壬Ҷɱ˻ҽİаͷҸ֣Щ˵ıǿԲܷŹҶѪ壬Ѫѣʲô¡
ȵ뿪֮󣬵ĵѷ֮Уҹһ˫ںڷ۾Ӱصʦȥ𣿡
ȥ߸Цŵͷ
ȻӰطһĸΧѪâɽϿգĿǰʵȻδȫָʶ׿ԸѪ磬κ鶼
㽫¸ҹҹ̽Ҫ۰ҹ޳ͨ
ô٣ôУʦҪҲȥɣҶҿдҹҶʦҲȥæ
¶һЦݵİɣһȺں֮ڶѣ㰵ҹ˸ȥҶ֣Ѫڸǹҵʶ赲ȺܹƵġ


1105 豹
ǰѪֻԻҽһ֣ǵõϢҲֻǰаɱһŲ֪ҲûнҶССѪУ˶Ƕ˱˹
Ȼ˵ҲˣԤҶûг֣Ҫȥæİ͹嶼ǿа£ֻѪʮʮɨҶ֮ƽȫ
ȵҹ޳˸ϵʱѪ嶼Ѿڴɨսˡ
龪һ֮ҹ޳ɴҲˣΪ²ͷӦҲǰʱסѪ塣
û뵽һµʱȥȻûκ˵ԶеˣѪҪսһ׼ҲѾȫٻ֮࣬ڲ׼뿪ѪâɽķΧ
ȴˣͺѾܺȴͻȻʧȥĿһ
ǶԱίйȥһ£һ֮͸˻Ҵһ˵Ϣ
֪Ϊʲôҽ硢ͷҵˣ׼ѪҶѪ鷳ڳＯ׼ǰ磡
岻֪ҶѪºͰȴǷǳҶļң
Ϊյʮ֮һʿʵн綼磬˵ȣе鳾ּһ𣬹ƶᳬʮı룬罫Ϳ̿
֪ҶĹ֮󣬻Ȼ֪ˣһǸؤ˵ġ
ʵˣؤؼ֮꣬ΪˣҶ׷ƨɺ׷ɱôʱ䣬ˣ֮Уòһؤ壬һϵег˺⣬޲ýҶңԲŻδʱ򣬵ɢҶкöϢȥԸҶ
ڣ˵İ֮£Ѿһ룬Ҳ֪ͷ˽ͨ޸ڿٴ˽磬Ǽᶨ˸ͷ
ֱɱҶֻץסҶĥޣֻҶʧȥϧĶҲɱҶѣҶԶʹ֮УбĿУ
ûгȬΪӡʮ֮һǾܾ˽ģµ״̬ҲУ
ֵ֪ҶѪΪǱܵ硢ҺͻҽĴ˵֮ͬԸ磬ҶҲͬ޵һֱĻᣬȻʹӦ
ңΪһڷյ磬ȻˮƽߣҲζԴضкܶ࣬һЩֻ鳾ֲõĶ൱һ޴ıأǿʼＯ׼кҶйϵˣҪһٹ磬׹Ϸ֣
Ҷûأиϻ磡
վҪߣȴԸסһȥô˵Ķ֣ɣҲҵ׼ҺŮǵԭ£Ҵһˣһȥ
Ѿĵ׳ҶңҶѣȻ֮
ҹ޳ԥһµȥ峤峤ͬĻǰҹҲһǰ硣
Ҳ׼ľ磬һֹȻʱҶȴÿ˵Ķ𣺡λĺ⣬ˣǳ£ȻҪԼ
Ҷ˵ǰչ֮ƹض
û˵ƣҲûĿĹ⻪Ҷôվͬһͨһȴ޵֮ת
豹棡
ڳ˶ߣҶڵ״̬ÿ˵мͬʱðʡ
Ҷ˽Ϸǵû˿ŭ¶һ˿΢ЦȥһλǰȻҾͻ硣
仰֮ҶξѾ˵ǰʧٶ֮죬Ȼûһ˿뿪ġ
Ҷƽȴɱʹ޵ľǱ˶˺ǳ֣ԴˣҪǵȻǵԶ磡
ҶҪȥĵطȻѪĵģ뿪֮ǰҪӰظ˳ҲϣܹտһѪ塣
ԴˣȻǴӦˣѪ磬ҶҲķдѪ磬ȻĻκ˶λ۵Ķ֡
ʵû飬ҶҲ׼ؼһˣһǿѣҪȥѰħµǿųΪαչأľѾʽ鳾
ڣ㲻Ѫ֮ڣҲĺͰ˾ĸһս
زҪٴʵ⿿͵ѾˣҪںʦµ˿ųһ鳾ű֮
ҶصѪâɽ֮ȴ⹫ԸңĵҼҪ̤֮ˣ


1106 ˮ
Ӱ˵ĺ˽ʿﵽ֮ʱܸӦĴڣԲ֮ʱҪ٣׵ɹĻһ죬ʧܵĻ
Խ֮Ѿʱ䣬ʼδһȻεѪңøõ˶죬Ҳħһ˿֮ʵͻͽȻӦԼĴʱ䣡
Ҷĵʱ򣬶Ծңû˵Ҫ˵
Ϊĵ֮·ܳɹὫ뿪Ѫ壬Ѫںò׸ոȶһжڳźõķչʱ뿪Ѫ˵ֽһСĴԣϣҶٴؿһ£ΪѪ峤
Ҷ֮⣬ܹ֮˴Σ
ϢҶС𾪣Ȼô飬ǵһ˵Ҫ磬˻Լ⹫
⹫峤Ȳżа𣿡Ҷ⹫İΣΪɹûеڶ·ѡ
еɣůڣЦŵͷ
ڵӦú˻磬ǶЩ˵ȻżҲܿѪ֮Уʮʱа֮ࡣ
仰Ҷһǰû⣬ȴò룬ͱҪԼ꣬ôԼЩеǣѵȫѾаˣ
˵пΪѪ֮У
Ȼ磬ô˽Ѫϵأ磬н磬ǶǾͷ˽ϵ֪ķңÿ¶
⣬ҡҡͷҲֻе²֪ܳɹ죬ʱһ취ϵģ
Ҷ˵ͷ⹫һжùܣר̤һУʲôҪ˵һ취ġ
仰㹻ˣԵۿ΢΢еʪҶǶԲ𣬶⹫ǰ
⹫ȥ¾ͲҪˣҶæϵ
ãˣ׼˵ĻǾ߰ɣһҪ׼Һ㸸׵ԭ£

磬ȸ½Ⱥڣ
˳Ųؽɫۣͷڣվķ嶥֮ϣԶȽȽ̫
ɫâ˼䣬һ֮Ȼ˳ȴǳ̾˿ĵģʲôʱܻ
ԴнڣĪͻ磬Ѿȥһʱ䣬統Ҷһڻ֮ͻĻԵ
ڵѾ˳ĳΪ˴ȺڵҼ̳˴Ⱥڴ²Լһöӵж컯֮ľ鵤ټ˫°빦Ȼһʱﵽ˳أӶ鳾
˵Ҳɣʧ֮ǰԼһȻĺ֮Уȴûһܹȫ̳С
Ϊĳ˫棬Ԫ֮֮𣬿֪ͬΪ˫˳Ǽ̳²ѡ
ʵûŲҾ֮ǰ̰Ѿע⵽˳ʶŻ࣬׼ΪȺ
һˮɣ
ʱһ΢ĽŲûͷ֪˭ΪıǶѾŵһɵζ
˳ѸϵЦݣתȥԼȣ޸ںڣѩףӵоյŮӵˣ
ԴʮʱҶѾȥ꣬ҲѾһԭǵɲİ̺ۣҲ÷ɽ˾޸ػ֮ɫ
Ҷλүүʮо˳֮󣬾ѩԭȵľŵ˻
˶˾綾ҶҲѾⶾ֮ҩûãǾѹ֪Щ﷢ıʣ޲겻ѡ
ǵ֪ҶĳɾʱǴˣΨһеʧľΪ֪ҶȻѾס
ҶϦദһµʱ䣬ѽһŷϵҶϣ컯Ūˡ
ǸŮԼʧصĺܺãڵ֪Īص֮󣬸л
ĪҲָƣǼΪͬ飬ֿ˶£Ȼһʣ޻̸
ܽԼصĺܺãֻҪڴȺڣ˱չ֮⣬ÿϱػᵽ嶥ʱһվһ죬ýһ㿴˳ܲζ£ٴҲ޼ƿʩֻװ֪
Цݵ˴磬˸Ρ
ЦôһΣ
ǰΣμҶˣ


1107 ػ
Ҷˣ
ⲢһΣʵ
һȾ޴Ŀռ֮ţҶɽϿյʱ򣬵һ߳ҶʱҶҺ䶯ˣ
ţϢǳ˳һڵһʱ䴫ȸ½ȸ½䶯ˣ
ҶԼˣһԼĸףԼ⹫ѪԼʮһˣ
Ҷ£ȫϲú˷ܵĺ֮УϵҶԪµҶǸո֮еӤ޲㵸ϲء
˵ȻĪҶƷɣһλԼɷһλԼӡ
ҶƷɺͶ죬Ѿжʮûñط꣬˱һʹ顣
ĪҲѾǿ޵ϡﻩҶԪҶ˵жʪѡ
Ȼ˵ѪҶҺҶƷв֮ҶͬҲǷ죬ҶĴ֮£ڳ׵Ļ֮Թ϶ദڡ
Ȼȸ½أٺԼ֮еҶᣬеõϢˣڵһʱҶҸ
ҶĹ˵żΪش壬ʵԶĵһˡ
֮⣬ҶԼҲͳ½ԼǰҶһ
ŵȫѪ鳾ϵĸ֣ܹ򿪿ռ֮ţ˲ϢĿĵأȻĻ͵Ǻµˡ
鳾֣ڼ޵еĴڣѪйɳѪ΢ͷһ£нӵĸͬǰҶҡ
Ҷٶޱɻ󣬲ȴ֪Ȼ⡣
İʱ䣬ҶҲģִӸط׷׸ͥС
ҶԼȴڻĵϣʹĪǰȺˣ
ңҶĶ飬λүүǽҶɺ˿˵ҶܹнĳɾͣѪ֮⣬ҺʹȺڣˣҪԵŰݼ˳ҲҶҡ
ĪѾҶй飬ҶʮοҪ˵ǰûкĪ֮ǰȷжʱãԼ֮䣬ڣˣĪһӣ
ᵱһ
ҶȻûԼ·ȴҲǼʱ֮͵˴Ⱥڡ
ȺڣҲʽΪȸ½̩ɽĴڣ˳鳾ڳųưķչ
ٴվڴȺڵɽǰҶипǧûֱӴ룬ΪݲͬȥȻѾ֮λø˳ֻǴȺڵĺѣҪɽŽ롣
Ⱥڵ˵˾ȻҶʱͶòΡΡ˰죬ŷųźš
Ѥõڿţ˳ͬһһȳҶǰ
Ҷ֮˳γѰ㣬ȻǰҪͬȥһ򵹣ȻҶȴæֽסʱͬˣǴȺһ֮ѣ
ҶڴȺҲǺպڵĴȺڵӿǵȻҶȷе㲻ԾҶ뵽˳벻ʼսҶ
ãգ˳ֻܵͷӦ
ߣɽȰݼλүүȻģ
Ҵȥ
˳·ҶĪ壬λүӾס
ڷ嶥£λүԼ÷ɽ˶ѾźվˣҶ̴ߵλүүǰͨһڵأҶݼλүү
ΰݣҶ飬λүӸǼݺᣬ̰֮پҶû뵽Ȼһߵ죬ˣԺ
ںγǣҶȺ󴳹磬սԭ֮ʦѣϵ
λүͬʱǰ˫ֽҶҪɷϲˣ
Ҷվÿλүүϲ֮ɫ

û뵽ϸոҶΣҶ;ȻվԼǰ˫֮иһˮʵĿе㲻УԼǲǻûѡ
Դӱץ֧֮ȥ֧ʵҶˣҶھʱڻ֮кšҶ硱֪Ҷжôꡣ
˼ڳ֣ȴ֪ˣ
Ҷ磡


1108 սڼ
˼ڳ˼ȫ֪˭Ҳûа취λүӸ̾˿
ʱĪѾ߹ȥסļãޣҶܽոջ͸Ϲүүˡ
ҶҲߵǰ֣µһԲ𣬵Ҷûչ˺㣬̫Ŀࡣ
᱾ۿתˣҶ仰ıȫӿʱ޳һˡ
һУֻʱĳ嵭ˡ
Ҷְݼ÷ɽ֮󣬾ͷ룬ͬԼһǰҶңΪҶ֮УڣȴЩľ
˳ȻӦһҹϻҶҡ
·ϣҶȻ֪˳ľѿ˳鳾Ϊе˵ͬʱҲһҪעȹ̾磬ҪټȻҩĵҩӵ֮ǵҩϾֻ޵Ǽ
ȻҲĵ˷ҶĲ֮ͶأȻҶһ˿֮Ӷðȥ
ȻҶӰأǾ˵ҶĲ֮ȷǵһߵ裬Ϊˡڤʯͬλڣ֮ĵ֮Ȼ
ҶܹҶ̫Ӱ壬ܹҪԼҶѾܿɹ
صҶңѾ½иɸִӸظҶʱû¶ǶҶԼ˺ͺѣԼʶĸ֮ڵλˣĸͺԼЩľڵΡ
ҶǽȣȥЩ߸ϵĸֻгʵܸᲢۣ̬ȻҲǹ˲١
ҶȴûаʲôֵļӣȻ͹ȥһǵǰͺѣƺı䡣
ҶнؼңԽռ׷֮꣬ڶ鳾˸Χȵһϵеľڳκ˵ͬ췽ҹ̷һǾĶǡ
Ҷеľ֮ɫصĽҪԵҪ飬Ľ
˸磬֮ķңȺ۲Ļҽ磬κһǾ˵ǿ
㼯һ𣬾ҶʮѪָϻѹһ޴󣬷磬Զõĸʵ̫ˡ
Ҷûдҹ˺͹һûкӰ˵£һǲǣҲùæϢʱ֪ͨԼ
֮деＸҶңǧ֮ࡣ
Ҷǿʶ򿪣׵Ľ˸֮󣬲̾˿ô˵У鳾ֲʮˣ
Ҳ绹һЩӵĸ֣ҲԲ̫࣬սȥ֪
ô˵ҶҪһеΪⳡսĸԴҲᾡԼŬȥ硣
ҶϢǰı֮˶˿ֻ֮С
չô꣬Ҳڲ֪£ֳԵΣʷ֮Ҳδ֣һѣ
ÿ˵жѹһĴʯ㷲
ҶҪȥѰʦǿųӦں֮УΪ֪ľʱ䣬뿪ںϷҪչأһչصʱˣҪźˡ
ܿ죬ϢѾ༯˽֣һڳʽ硣
Ŀǰ̽ڵĴλá
֮մԽͿԵģҪ֪ĴλãȻٲóӦ·ϵĽдԽԣӶյ
Ҷĸ׶磬ѪŴѪֱӵƣֱܹӵ
ͬʱĻһϢ֣ȫ鳾ģ鳾ϵһٶˣ˾жʮҡ
Ȼȫʵȷ飬̽·ġ
һ磬ǿɲʲôС£ԾҶǺ֮ǣҲȫؼ˵ĻҪɳǷľôһ
ǵĻһٶ鳾ֶһа٣ǧ壬Ҳɳ
õϢҶЩʼŵڷһ룬еĸǳƴ֮⣬취ôˣȻҲǼΪɲһȴס磬ֻǱȻҲҪһĴۡ
Ҷ˳⹫ˣе˵˳ҹͬһõİ취
ȻҶȻ˳ϣܹа취硣
˳ϸ˽е޾ϸ֮鳾ű֮ߵľսʵϸϸ
֮˳չ˽üͷһа취ˣ


1109 ս
˳뵽İ취ܼ򵥣סˣˮƽУߵǺܶģڵˣҶԼ˽˵֮Ժ󷨵Ѿͻͽ
ֻԷ˶ڣ˲µ󷨣Ȼͬʱסôˣ˰˳뷨һ
սҶ֮أԹɽΪսսǷֱɽͱԭ
طʵнɽ˵ɽͱԭȸ½ϵء
ɽʦֲΪŵ֮أԭǾβѩʵĹ֮
طȻ˶ˣɽ󷨴ƻڣԭʽҲ١
Ǳ·ôã˽ǷֱǣôҲ뾡취Ƿֳɡ
ȻĲҲһΣգǽصĵطȸ½ϣ½ͺ򣬶ڲ״̬֮£ֱǰǺ᲻롣
Ҫ뽫½ϵȫҲǲܵ£ֻܵʱ£ʵڲУֻҶȥǣǡ
ΪˣҶҲùæʼʩȥ緢Ϣ˵طرпģȡǶĴӶ·
һʱ綼ʼæµȻվսȸ½½ͺˣҲܵ飬ǸʼԼӵеĽܳ͵ȫش
ԴˣҶѪʮܹ򿪿ռ֮ŵĸȫϡ
߷ֳɣֱǰԭɽȥôҶɽóһ
ɽΪսʵʼҶǲͬģԼļðһգջϿˣΪҶڣŲµǿƣ¶޷ͻƣⱾԼǳ£ܲܽսͷ
Ҷվ֮ϣ۲ɽɽԼĵƵò
ǰǴûעȻڽˡˡȻɽһݷڵϵľʱܻһɳ졣
Ǽ֮ư֮ǵ֮Ѩף۾Ȼδ㾦
Ҷһ˼һͬʱɽɽƺ͡ˡеļز϶ӦǰͻȻһҲδ㾦ͶˣΪһ㾦ͻһɳ죬ǿ񱩵˶޷ӦԣҴԽ˵Ϊۣ㾦
Ҷ㿪ʼæµֻߵһطվǽºܿᴫһӱ֮ڵ
ֻΪĿǰڡˡջȫԵĵޣ㻨˰µʱǲһ󷨡
վڿУҶ˫ͫʱýԼĳɹ
Բǧ֮ڣŨŨ۳ɵƣ֯һźƴޱߵľֻϧҶδ͵·ȻĻ󷨵Ӿ޴󣬲ҶԼĹƣȫУֻҪܹΪ㾦ôҲ㹻ˣ
ңֻҪĵ֮ûжõ˵ˣô޷󷨴ڣϾ󷨲ɡ
ҶæɽĲ֮Ǹϵɽ
Ȼе㴥飬뵽ѾĶš
ȻˣʦµľۼȻڣĹҲȻŨ˵󷨸֣ɴʦµΪԸ޲ķ龧ʯ²óһµĴ
Ĵڣǡͬ˵ȻҲųԷ󷨸֣һۿơ
Ҳֻˡ
ţҶָϵ˱ԭ˵ŮˣԼļѩɽҲѾյϢ˳ﲼ󷨡
Ҷ˵ǣѩ羹ȻҲȺȫƿ˺ʱúʱ˱ԭ֮ϣ׻ָ˵Ľ֮
βѩһǿޱȣʵʵҲǰ֮ƣȻС
󷨶ѾϣʿǵİţɽȻҶ˳󣬶ɽǽȷ߸𣬱ԭѩ򸾣ͬԸ
µʱ徹ȻԴʮҲ磬ΪһҶ˵ȥ֮󣬳ʥĸ̾ùǰԮϾҶ֮żĹϵʱȻ֮
ͬʱҲľʱ䣬֮
ʮֵļ룬ǸеˣѪͳּһʮˣټҶ˳÷ɽѩ򸾣ܹʮ鳾֣
¾㱸͵˵ˣ


1110 鱨
ڴսٵǰһҹʿǶǽŵ˼㣬ȻѾе׼Ľ˭Ҳ֪֮кܶ˻֮󣬾ʹʧ
۸ĴǻԼļ԰
ҶңҶһɽߴµãã磬Ѿ׿һУԼ۷״̬ʶͬܵȥ֪ؼһһ
Ϊ֪˻ĸط֣ÿ½֮еɽ϶˸
Ѫ̻ʿѶʯһֵ˵ټ֪̾ͨˡ
һȿռ֮ҶԴ򿪣˳Ҷ˵ͷ׼ˡ
лˣ
ʮ鳾֣ҶһûǷֳǰɽͱԭΪҶе˳ľŵ鳾ĸ֡
Ҷ˼ùһɽҲҪһܹʱռ֮ŵĸ֣ʱǰؾԮԸµߡ
Ȼ֮£û˻ʱȥǶŮ˽飬ֻǹ˶ʶΨҶˣĿģΪ˱ҶңΪ硣
ҶԱߣ˫°ͿҶҶⳡս֮ǲǾ͸øȥľˣ
ҶЦЦʱС
㻹ʲô£ѵ㲻ǸС𣿡е㲻ĵ
ĹﵱȻҪȣڴ֮ǰұҪܹвѵĴڣȻĻȥҶġ
Ҷʵζй̽Ϣص磬ȴĿ½ʬɽѪ档
ʲô循ȵĵ磬Һͻҽ磿һ˸
Կô֪ûпأҲֻǣ
òЧ¹ȥĴʥս죬ҲҪŪľԵУ
ʥս죿
Ҷû˵֣ȴǴиоһУս죬ѵսľ죿
ǵĻӦҲԼһλʦ֣
ʥս㶼֪Ǵǰһλǿߣ˵ԭս죬Ϊս£֣ˣ˵⹫Ҳȥ׷Ѱ㼣
ྐྵȻҲ׷ѰʥսټҶԿ϶ԷпܾԼһλʦ֡
ˣҶγأʲôջô˿ǰһˣ
ҶЦˣѪڵıչأջ࣬ɹ鳾Ҳ̫ͨѨеȵǣѨĴͨȻûħԡ
ֻΪħˣ˵ҲûʲôҪģʱŵһߡ
ţֽѪһڶʯʯ֮ǿշеķ˵õɣҲɹƳӵؽȫѪ
֮⣬Ѿһӵ󣬻֮ǿԶʤԼץһ㽫ʶͻʶںϳʶ
Ҷ׼شʱ򣬺Ȼһ˿ɫĹӵƽߵľͷ˳ˡ
Ҷ˸е£Ժ˵ɣڣ׼úдһǵĿ˰ɣ
ȥʱҶͷ·һܣɽһȴ˳֡
ۿһʱҪȥʱڣҶͻȻˣǲԶ
£Ѿһâʣٶ֮죬ù嶼еûзӦ
ͬʱҶеĴѶʯѾ𣬶ɽԭս֮ϣԺͰҲ̴˿ռ֮ţŵڵλøȥ
ɽԼʮ֮ң֮ϣ˺ѹѹһȺӰ࣬Ҳ࣬ÿ˶ͷɣһͬʱҲúĿ硣
ò˵ôһȺ˳ڿУȻûпͷųʲôƣȻ¶ѹȴͬɽѵһһѹ·Ĵض΢΢Ĳ
ԶԶģҶѾҪ嵽ǵǰʶɨжȻһΪ˸ֹ٣ٶ࣡
Уռ˽һ
Ϣûдֻǹ·ϣ;ʱλһЩʹ
ϲ֮⣬ʵҲԣ鳾ϵĸһˣ˵û䣬ʮҡ
磿
ôôͣǸؤûƭǣֵطܵʲôֵģ̫ˣ
ˣǸؤأǸһôûˣ
Ҷ׽Щ˵ĶԻвٴһ֪νؤؼҵ֮꣬ѵ˵Ҳˣ
ͻȻһķŴʣ


1111 һս
һϮ°ɫɮ۵İ֮ǰ˶ǿߣλʥӵȴǺ޾⣬Ļˡ
ڰĳ֣ҲΪȣΪǶܿĳԲʲô߳ķߣһλٴﵽ鳾ĸ֣пܶ˰ˡ
Ǹؤ˵ûиôðôһǿķߣ
Ҳɣô磬ܹҪһġ
Ҳǰô֪Ҫһأ
Щ˸ѼߣȻ֪һλǿߣȴȻûзŰܻ۷׷ס
һЦƽ͵ĵ˸һս
һﾪأ
ôֻ֣һ˾Ȼֱ˵ķųսʵǳЩ˵ϡ
СУȻȷеʵ֪֪죬Ҿͽѵѵ㡣
һӶ˳ȻΣͷ˫ǣϺֱ֮ϲɫƬΪ졣
ɱĵһսҪƣЩ֪ǵԾĹǵĽ£
ԣ˵ûҶҪȲȥѰŵıˣطʲôţɽͱԭ
ܲˣ£ҪǸҶļˣ
ЩȻ޼ɵڸ̸ۣ統ǵ֮ֱͬز·ܿǵʿǣȫŵòΡΡܹ˳ɹ˽١
ֵߵ˰ǰһֵֻСУһֻ־׽򡭡
δ䣬ͷϷͻȻһ貵Ľ⣬һֻ޴Ľɫͬһ㣬ſֲѹȻ
ۣ
һ޴촫ɫʧȴѾʧȥλӰǴԽգʧһ㡣
ȻʧֱӱһƸĳޣͷѪûʣһ˿
ոջڸ̸۵һȫסˣû˸Լ۾һλ鳾֮ĴȻһƸûˣ
ǵ·ĿøղһĻʿͬҲ֮УȻ֪ݣҲȷǼ˺ȴҲ޷ţȻǿ־
̤ĵһսǵûãһͬݺݵĸһİһ
ôȻǰһ֮У
Ȼվԭƽʲô鶼ûзһһ°ɮ𣬵ĵ˸ҳһս
һ£еڻع
󵨣㾹Ȼɱˣ
ƤҪ⣬Ѫ
ղλɱ
ȫŭˣʵ̫ˣȻûнԭܼ򵥣ֻһˣ࣬Դ˿ȫըһһԴ󷢣ȻȫŰ˹ȥ
ȻתٷУ֪ЩĶֶϽһЩȻǿʼˡ
ˣǣɱ
˭ɱĳ͹˭
ɲ֮䣬ֻȿֺĳ˳ȥٴμӿٶȣƴһӲǴһȿռֱ֮ӳ˽ȥڳȥһɲǣĳɨһۣȻ롣
Źϣʮֻ嵽˽ǰӿӲֹŵĹرգ׷˹ȥ
ȻһֻѾȥĴ˲۷˻ڶߺ죬ҸоˣŵĺǿӦĳ챦
еԥ࣬仰ʱԥȫ˿ռ֮ţĿľΪıأҶң׾ٵ顣
ǣһٶֻǰ̵ĳȿռ֮š
ռ֮ŵһߣѾվɽ߷崦ͷɵĹľƣһ⻷Ƶ飬ͷųǿΪջࡣ
̧ͷſгֵԽԽǣҶֻôˡ
ҶԭõģЩ߲Ǳ·ôҪ뾡취Ƿֱֿս
ˣŻƣǿʵɱһλķŭɽ
һٶֻȫ뵽ɽϿ֮ȿռ֮Ŷʱرգɫ£֮󣡡
죬գŭţɽѣĹǺ쳹ʣǿɱֱ֮ʦ£˵޸޸ĵ󷨣ʱһƬȫ
Ѫ֣ĸȫ˳ȥ
߲زɿ
ɱ
ųս⣬ɽһսȴ˱ϵĵһս


1112 һ֮
ռ֮ǰ򣬾ҶͶڵĵط
ͰͬʱϵΪ˷ɢˣûվҲװһ۵ĺ塣
һۣܾ
ˮ׳ʿһȥⲻ
ǿҶͶԣôĵˣ˭Ҳûܹܵ˵ͬʱԼܻ
еı׳ȫתΪǿս⣬Ҷ׼վȻȴһʡ
ȻѾһٶˣԾٶĸ֣кܴһࡣ
ʵȻͬ壬ڹﶼƲԷˣɱȻ𾪣ȴû̫ķŭǼû׷ȥֻмռ֮ź챦ϢʱŸ˹ȥ
Եĳ֣Щ˵ٴ¶ɻΪ˲ǿֻ鳾һѣΪθ
ΪѪ峤²ʱп죬۵ǰٶУ˲֪ûиؼ֮⣬ûһ˻Ķ֡
Ȼǹʵ
˭һԲղǸУ
ŵһѪζӦɱ˰ɣ
ٴηۣûнԷ΢΢һЦ˹˹ֵλᣬױġ
ױ
ǵģԵͷλ˵ĿģѾ֪ȻȷҲмλ֣̫ϡ٣λǵĶ֣䷴ɱױһ·
Եⷬ˵оݣҲССһЩ˵ƨķǳ̾мڻҽĸͷʶ࣬˵˵ʲô
ʲôҲΪƾҵʵ޷
ʲôط˵ϼһ㲻ƭǰɣƭǵĺӦɣ
Բĵλ԰꣬˵꣬Ǹطڱʮԭ˵һµĹ
ԭ
۵Ĺ
֮ǰȷ˵ԭʲôٽ϶ԵĻӦò١
ʵ˵ĵȷ滰ֻԸһ֣ʸĳۣ
һ֮ɾرˡ
ʣ൱еİʿۣͬӰ˶ҪɵĴڡ
Щ˶һµĶǻһܹϣµĹɾȫͬˡ
ͻȻһһУһд·һλʿȻֱոС
λʿûп֮˿ŵɫףҪֹͣˣ׶ԷΪʲôҪץסԼ
󺺸ÿһȥֱӽԴĳ࣬һӯӯƮ󺺽һţͽ˿С
һĻʿ纮Ҷֺ˪֪Ǵ̽ķ鿴ʿļ䣬Ӷ֤Ի١
İϧҲᣬԶụ̂ȻҪꡣ
Ƭ֮󣬺һѽеʬ˳ȥ˵ͷȷвٽأǱԭɽбԭ⣬߱пĳλµġ
Ҷʿǵķŭη壬̵жƽޱȣݺʵʲôûм
󺺵Ļ΢΢һЦӣܱס˰ɣλԸΪλ·ǰԭ
󺺵һ̬ãҵԭĽ۹ĻʱҲٲĺô
ôҪֻӡ
ˣûϢӦɱˣ
˵֮󣬺һҪ۹ĸߣ
һ£һٶվ˳Ĺ˭ܲĶ
󺺺һƶԵϼһϽ·
Խ´˸򣬵ȴתȻվԭδĽ˵λѲһȥ𣿡
ҶﶸȻһ⹫Ҫе˶ԭսӶܵΪԼٶ֣Լ
ЩȫԭĻܱѩͶΣա
Ժγ֪ô࣬ΪѪ峤ֻһĿģǱԼȫҲϧ׼еȫԭԼսҲ޷
ǣʣĶٶȴǵɨһۣûǣԻ˵ѾͷһǲȥͲȥȥ
ټȥôܻܿòʧ֮£ֻܵͷã
ռ֮ſԴͷһٶֽ˿ռ֮С
ŴŵĹرգԭսҲչһҵս


1113 ɱ޹
ŰͶԸԴһˣվϵĻʣ½ˣ壬Сࡣ
Щ˼ûΪľһŭ׷ɱҲûΪԿе۹ģǵĿľΪ˻ɱҶ
һŰߵĴ󲿷壬ڶŶߵ󲿷ֻҽˣʣȻ󲿷Ƿҵˡ
ҶѪ磬ɱа壬ɱҵˣʣˣǴΪ
ϧҶ˰죬ҲûҵλؼҵˣҲɵˡ
Ӧûܽ磬Ͼʦµ󷨣֮Ҳ룡
ܶԷûڰͶԶѾ˸Ե˴ս֮УҶȻҲܼȥڳ˵ǰ
һ¶棬Щ˵м¶˳֮ɫȻϳҶ
һλͬʨһĴ󺺵һ˳ǿ׳ˣ徹ȻͬӴɣӵž޴ѹȸС
Ҷɱ⣬⴫мĳ࣡
ʣҶеĵһλʣǰ˵ˣϹԲĹҶ
Щ壬Ϲ壬λ󺺾һͷƽʨĹϵãһҪΪⱨɱҶ
ҶλƽʨŭͬûһĿ˵ɨţֱʱȻѰǸԼ׷ɱ˺ܾõؼˡ
Ҷ̬Ȼŭ˻ƽʨһʣҲһһССȴӶܹܣһŭ
𣡡
ʨӺ
˷ŭѣ·һɽȻ֮кȻȻҶȴվ˺ͷ籩֮УΡȻֱʧ֮ŵɨһ˵ɱҵģ
˵֮Ҷתߣ˿Щ˻᲻
ͶҶȻռ
λƽʨķһŭ֮⣬ԵҪ࣬˴˶һ֮һ˺ȻŸߵʮʹ˸ɫ
ʮͻȻ֣ȴǶҶǶ²޾ççɽ֮ҳʿǡ
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ָĹʽɫĹâԼ񱩵ĸ޷赲ͬһ㣬Ȼ·
ʱһƬҽЩֵ˶鳾ĸ֣·Щʿǲųкܶ೾ôܳܵǿĹ
ضɽҡʮɽܶûֱӹ֮µʿȴǱЩɽҳࡣ
һʱ֮䣬ʧȥ
ҶѾתˣ·Ǽɷ龰Ŷвϴ˻ĶڵѪ
ûжֻ֣עǸӣһԲ
һ˿ĿУЦһʲôסҽзҫɱҵܵܣ죬ҾҪɱΪҵܱܵ𣡡
ҶޱĵɱܵܣΪҪɱǰҪɱΪܱЩģɱ޹Ǻ֮ûκιϵΪҪǳ
ҫг֮˸ǣ˵ˣڶһȺ϶ѣҪ˶ȥҵܵᣬڣһʼҼɱ
ʮѾ׼ʼڶֹȻͻȻǰһѪûǿʮѾȫ촦ѪͬȪһֱʣӳСա
ҶֳһѪɫͬ׵ǽһıңָŷҫϣ治֪ʲôˣͳ˵ⷬɣ
ô˵棬ҶȻҳֻɱҵˣΪܲ˵Ǵ󵨣ҸҪĳָɾ䣬ʮ־Ȼ˿ûУһ
ҫ鶼ˣղڽҶϣû뵽Ҷ̾͸һĶ⣬涪
ǻʲôɱ
һ£жʮ˳˳ηΪ˶ԸҶɳ˽ˣӵľҫ
һߵ׸磬ڷ֮еλͬСɣμĳӣʷǷڵϲպ˻죬ۿ͸һְٰǰ;
ҶĮĿȻôңҪܱܵΪʲôԼ֣ѵ𣿡
㣿Цʲôݣʲôݣ֮ˣûʸҳ֡ҫĿȻδķ˺Ҳȥɱ䣬ɱɱˣҪ磬Ѫɺӣʬɽ׼һ˴


1114 ĺǿ
һ飡
Ե飬ܹĳȻ˿̴ӷҫĿ˵ȴԵ΢ͬǲһȺһɡ
Ҷĺǣҽˣ϶Į̬ȣȻҲûн·ϡ
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ձļƻҶҪɽԼµĴ֮УҫȴǸ׼˶ȥִҪɱ䣬ɱʿ
һҶֻʱԭȼƻﶯˣ
ҶƺԥҫΪˣ̲סЦôҶ֪ˣ˵Ļ͹ǰңһãҲļܹˡ
Ҷ֮ϺȻðһ˿ɫ̣һѪɫ˳
ʮҶΧסķˣʱͲµҶҪˣȻһŭҶ˹
ղҶһɱʮ˵οĿãǼɵҶʵٶȣº飬ȫɱ
ɱۣ⽣Ӱ֯޵ҶΰΧ
ۣ
ͻȻǵһæתȥֻҶȻ֪ʲôʱǵֳǱŹֵѪɫͬϿһɱ¾һȺ׼ȥɱķķˡ
ٶȣĿ࣬ڶʮ鳾ֵΧ֮£Ȼܹͬһ֪뿪
ʵҶûнЩ˷ֻгؾʱѪ֮Уһ֮ս鳾֡
ȻЩ鳾Ǳ̫֮ӰݣķӳԵȫսȻҶҲߵ£Ӷ̫ӰɹҲȷʵǿĽ鳾ָࡣ
ľѾ鳾ȻֻС̨ףս仯ȷʵ֮ʩչѪ֮ڣĺͰһսοЩˡ
ɵֻǸؼ֮ѣнʱΪ֮긽г֣ҶǸʱɥˣֱڣڻɣؼӦҲ磬ֻǲ֪ںη
Ϊ˱ʿͷ⵽ɱҶϧѪ֮ڣԼսһΪֲľ硣
ȼѪɫ棬ѾؽɵѪҶһλѪһ㣬ң֮䣬ѾǶʮˣһƬѪꡣ
ϨҶصԭأĿעŷҫҸղʮλɱ㣬ôʹ죬Ҫĥ
ʱǻҽҲϵӣȡ֮֮ɫ
ȻҶɱǵѣˣ壬ǵûнҶһ£ǵ֪Ǵһյг˺󣬸ΪĴԶǿʡ
ڣѪܵʵʶԲ飬˲Ϣ֮䣬նɱʮˣҶĺǿ
Ȼûη֮⣬ͻҲܲסȺǣҶǿҲֻһˣԼⷽһٶˣһһȭҲܽ
ҫĶҪըˣɳһ˳綥ǿ߼ǿͿΪǷˣÿ»˽
ȻȴΪϵıҶܹܡ
ڼʶҶǿ֮ȴΪԼܹսʤҶɭɭһЦλ֮ǰ˵ˣҪֶԸҶҷ˶սô࣬ٲ֣ɾе˵ȥ˰ɣĪ֮ǰǵЭ鶼Ҫ𣿡
ͻҽĸﶼǷߣҵȷ˲ˣǸǷҫԼ̫ɵģ˵ĵʵҷұ˳ôҲøӡ

Ȼ֮Ը£ͷƽʨһԳҶĺޣ˿ڷҫΪǰԳʵĵӣʵɱЩ˿ǿ̫ˡ
ԳҶʱ˶ڰƶΣɫĽҶΧڼʶҶǳѰٶ֮ǵߣҴЩѪ屻һλԻ͸ҵӦ֮ʹʧȻӦǱҶˡ
ҶڵٶȣټӦ֮ᣬأûܹ׷ˡ
˵İΧҶ⣬ΨһĵľǷԼȥɱʿ
ȻʱҫͻȻһЦǶΧȥʲôģԲߣߣǾȥɱ飡
ҶȻâݺݵĵڷҫϣȷԼߣ
ӣǲܽǴɽ֮УԸˣֻﾡסˣܶɱһͶһ
ͻȻﬡһ촫ҶߵĿռ侹Ȼһѷ죬һɱֱҶԴ


1115 
ﬣ
ҶҲûֱӷһӭŽ˹ȥֱӽ飬ͬʱѪ֮Ͻ£һâֱȥûѷ֮УһҽаӿѪ
ǴԽ֮Ҷոͬķʽ͵Ϯɱ˵á
ӷҫ΢΢ɫϣҶ³͵ϮԼɣԼɱӦҲڷҡ
⵹Ǹ˸ѣֻܶܶԼӵУǰЩǿ߱󲻵ĴɽҪ˵ǵûǸǲܵ£򲻿ɵġ
ҶƽעŽԳȻֻһͷٱĳЩҪЩѪԣͳ㣬һȫʬģ
仰˶ɫ䣬ҶǽǶ˽ȥʾûѪԡСԴҪԳһȫʬ
ҫȷڵҶ֪ηһλȻ˷ھǣҲı䲻κˡ
ҶûпֻǶŽԳԳˣ
Գ־ͿԿգǿȻʱҲֻһ֮ң
˶ΪǿֱӶҶȻϵǣȻ³һ޴ޱȵĽƣɽĿ̻Ÿӵ·ĿĽ⣬Ҷûȥ
Ȼһ
Ƿڵӳõķû뵽ͷԳȻٴ˸е⡣
ƵٶȲ죬ǻУԽоԽһɾ޴ѹͻȻˡһԼһλһƺˡ
ڣƵҶͷˡʧȡ֮Ǻ¡¡ľ죬ͻȻ֮һսѹ񷣬ס
ƺܹضҳһҶƽǾеѪӭĽƺݺݵĺ˹ȥ
꣡
ѪǸմѪнݹһ޶ĿڿдһͬʺĽۣ޼᲻ݣﲻƣȻֱӴӽƵֱ̽룬ûС

һƵ𣬽֮ϺȻһѷ죬ڲϵӡ
⣬ôܣ
һ̴
޲ĿɿڴţһӹɣȻҶȻһƺʱܱѪӲĽ̴
ԳɫҲˣΪԼԿ׵ĽҶ£Ȼû뵽ڷǵû£ԼȴҪˡ
ʱҶһѪʱ΢΢ţ䡱һ촫ƺȻը˿
ܷɽС糾飬ž޴æĶ
Ƴģ沼Ǹ·ͬ졣
ҶӲһѪ׵Ľ٣Щ˶Ѫһ˿ɵ֪ҶֵĻҲҪ취ܿ
ֻһª׳һƺҲϲ£Ĵ죬ĶѪ֮˸ŵâ
ŽƵıըԳȻ췢һ𣬽һڽڽɫѪȻģٵҲǸͬܣͬըƬʹȥ֮ϺȻ׹ȥ
ҶӰޱĵ˵һȫʬ
ղҶȷ˵仰û뵽Ȼˣ
ҶƽѪǰ˵һһӹ˭еѪԵģҪǶҵĻɴһϺˣ
ڵʿǣҶ仰޲Ѫڣ
һٶǿֵİΧ֮£ԽָǵıӣһϣǺֵĵɫ
Ҷ̫ˣ
Ҷţ׵ļŭǰˣ£˾Ȼͬʱ˹
ĽʨʣſȻһɽɫ٣ڿһΪΪģıľ޽Ю֮Ҷ
ҽ׾ħ˫ִ󿪴ϣ۳һźɫйǺӰأƺǵصĳҶ
ʼվڷҫһһߣָſָ֮ϺȻֳ貵ƣͬһСɽһ㣬ֱӵҶץȥƺ뽫߬ģȻ顣
ˣһ⣬ȫǰˣǵݣǲֶԵеģҶĽʵ޷ܣûǰ£ͬʱȻ֡
˵Ĺһư磬·ը֮˷ɽ޷ôǿѹ׷ױͬѣĩһ㣡


1116 
λ˼Իصǿ󹥻Ҷη壬һڿն𣬻ѪҺڳѪɫ棬˲佫սıͬʱมͷѪѪ죬ѪǴޱ߽â󿪴ϣɨ˷
Х֮˾÷·ڷĴ֮УѪ˾аߣֱӭ˽ʨɫ١
ž
Ѫ˺գ׾ٵĽɫٸɣȥƲӿ˽ʨʣʨ¶֮ɫûмӲӣѸٵˣԶѪ˸ǷΧ
Ѫ򽣣𣬺ͷߵֻײ˸š
꣡
ý׷״ߴ֮жѪķ˲ֱֻǧٿס
ߴʧɫæֻسȻֻƼѾϵ׹ᾣҲ̶á
ʱ׾ħĹҲ嵽ҶǰƺΨһһпܽĹ
ȻҶȴͻȻ죬з޴ͬˮһ㣬ͣת۳һֱӳĿУһ˿ûʣ¡
Ҷ촽ĵζ𣡡
̫Ӱ壬ȻȴҲãǾ̷ڤʯеڤ裬ʣӰصĻ˵Ǵ˵еڤظȥã׾ĺڰԹûκв
˵жˣַĹҶȻɵľͽһϵ˷ߵһֻ֣ʵ϶֮ϡ
һ̣ͬʱΪǶѾʶˣһ֣ҲҪҶɱȻٸʱĻҪݺ޵ˡ
һʮλҪΧһˣͬ췽ҹ̷һǰȴڷ
ҶϸոϨѪɫ棬ֿʼȼѪ֮ڹȻǿ󣬵ʮģҲʼձ״̬ڣ˲ˡ
ȻʱҶĶͻȻ˳ǽɣҶˣ
仰ҶǴϲԭǵЩ˻ʿɱ䣬ŲòվӭУĽ˶УôؼҲ켣УҲܹס
ͬʱɽǴͬͷһڣͻȻɲʹ⣬ҿзӿһɰѸ
ʲô
˶ע⵽ˣ޲¶ɻ֮ɫͻȻʿУ챦ôȻڽˣˣ¿϶סˣҪˣҳ尡
ɽӰɽȥҶĿ磬һ۾Ϳ·ȻϰٸӰʵˣֻо˶ѣǺǩѪľŵЩˣʱĿܣ
־ѣڵʿҲѵõķ˸ֳɼԹʱŽᵽһЭֿͬС
ÿ˶Ǹͨ˸ָ׼ϱȻǲ˺
Щܻó
ȻҪһܿǰЩǱҶ壬ּʹټϾŵǳźĺǸûж룬һǶҶͷԥ
Ҷɨһ֮ͻȻͷܣɽ
£Ȼǽ׷ȥղŻҶӾҪɱʿķҫҲҧ׷
Ϊλһֵֻ͵͵˵ǿһ
еĶ˶䶼
ɱеǻʱ䣬ǿѵһߣʧɾʹˡ
ЩڿʼѲúõĴиȥ·ɽ֮У˳һæҲɽ
˳ٶȱҶϵʱһս֪ҶǱǣסˣ뵽취Ȱͨʿתߣùеĳʥ̴Ϊͷųʹ⣬þŵѳ籾е챦û뵽ڽڲٿؽٸðˣǰȥ
ҶԼٶȣЩܹϣ׷ͬʱҲǲӳַҶ
ΪǸӷģҶƴ尤һǹһѪһ·˽뵽ɽֱµĴ֮
ʶ˶УҶȳ󷨣дˣ
䣡
ʮŵĵֱڿжʱֳƣ˶Уޱߵɱʧɫ
ҶλȻͣסתע˵ǴԶܵɱңҾ֮꣬죬˭ҲˣԶɣ


1117 ˳
Ҷõɱ
󷨷Ϊܶͣлз󣬵߹ɱľɱ
ɽ򣬽ˣԵΪֶʩչֹɱ֮Ī⣬ʤ
һҶĻʶԼϵˣ˷˲мЦ֮󷨣ѵΪյյܹ֮𣡡
ҶȻŶԷп϶󷨴ʦڽ˲óͬģϾˡɲ˶лʸ񿴵ġ
Ǿܿԣ
ҶȻ֮УڷƮ裬ͬŲıһ̬䵽˼㡣
ÿǾɱ㣡
ŽһȺ˸Ǽ޴ڵɼƣͬʱҶɱȥ
Ҳ֪ƾһ֮ʵǲܻɱҶֻȺϣ
䣡
һƬ˸˸⣬Ȼը˿֮϶ʱȻÿֻж۴ϸȴ̺һӴɱ

ҽͬʱÿô¶ֱӻһ֡
ʮˣһ⣬ȫƬĽѪͬһ㣬¡
ȻЩ˶ֻǳѣ־Ȼܹ˲ɱô˵ǿɱȴǳ˵֪
Ƕ֮⵱УǿȻ֮ϵʵϢϢأҪĻҪͷųĶ١
֮ڵȫ޷ûбյκһȣֱϡˣôܵȻҲ̫࣬ʲôǲŻû󷨷
Ȼڵȴǳǵϣ
˶̲ס˿а˷˲Ծüͷղŵ۶ɡ
ʲô
һλҲǵͷȻǿ󣬵ȷʵ
£ûٸˣվԭأһƬֵĵ˼֮
ҶĮĿǣѾһ룬Լ²ȺȻǲûܹ֪˵ȻҲͲƿˡ
ȻʱҶͻȻ٣Ϊоһ䵽µĿڿԼ
һª׳û˿֮ΨһͣСԶеһƴȻǽţҲ߶ǵ˶֮˼¡
һ׳Ŀ֮£Ҷ·Լ׹ߣĵðһɺ⡣
ؼˣ
ҶжȻð֣
ڷ磬֮⣬Ҷڵʵ˭ܹӿޱߵĿ־壿
Ҷ޷ţؼ˵ôܹͻħǿƣ뵽еģȴ֪Լĵڳˡ
׳Ȼһ£ͼҪ̫ѨΪˣţŲȺ˳
жʱΧƲϷ⻪ȴûзɱƺ󷨶ȫûЧ
Ȼ˵ĿҲ׳ϣѾгףѵʲη󣿡
ʣ
ˣѵؼ֮𣿻˵ͬһؼ֮꣬뵽ʵ֮С
ڣߵҶǰŵøˣƺܹһƬա
ۣ
ʴһţһɫӰӴĿҶ˿С
ӰأȻһˣһڵؤ
⣬ⲻǸؤôܵʵĶˣ
ǰһΪûأ
ؤؼˣ
ؼ¶棬ҶղеŵȴģҲ㲻
ˣܹ֮֮ͻʦµĽƣ뵽磬ԭΪʵĶС
ʵҶô򵥣ؼ˳˲ʵĶУ֮ѹƼ֮⣬һ˫طӡ֮£ټֻ꣬ˣؤ壬൱طӡ첼µĽƣڵԳɹ硣
һУ޷ǾΪĥҶѣ
ؤ¶ЦݣݺݵĵҶҶּˣ֪֪ʱ䣬ҿʱ޿̲㰡
ǲҽĻɢҶη壬ԡ
ؤŭЦúúãҿ컹ܿʲôʱס󷨣Ǹɱ
ؤ϶Ȼðɽ⣬һƴСĽɫ«֮и֣Ӻ«һɽӲӵͬϸɳһĶ޾
ɳǳƶȥ֮ƶʱҲ̲֮ǿɱ˲٣ȻԾɴڣǲˡ
ɱ
ɱ죬һٶַɢ˿һ˳Ҷһȴǳ·ɽ


1118 
Ӳӣӽɫ«֮ӿĽɳѾƸǣȻֹƵתҶ¶֮ɫ˵ֶǷͬСɡ
Ȼֹͣת󷨻ڣЩ޷ͻƬΪԷһҶǽո˿Уʮɫ֮ͬһ㣬˷ĵ£Ƭη
ڣʧЩҪ뿪Щ򣬳Ӳո
ųԼ֣ҶȴȻûлţΪɱδһǻ֮ſԳЩɳӶת
Ҫɱ⿿Ҷһ˵ȴУһЦѾ嵽·ɽ֮С
ͬʱɽǣҲڲأ׷ʼ˷
֮Ĵսʽչ
ˣ󲿷ֶǳŹȥΪŵǸ̴ۣ̫Ķˣ
嵥ǹƥͷ֮ϣǧλסͬʱָĳڳǵذӿ˳ȥĵ˾֣ȻӲǿסʮˣλˡ
˳ͬһȣɫĻ˸ɫ֮ȼպɫԪ֮ͬ·һȺ֮С
ڡ̰÷ɽȴȺڵ̫ϳϽ棬Ȼ֮ж˵ʵֻгǱ˴ϳһ壬ͬͬˣȺ֮ͷһʱ֮侹Ȼڲ֮ء
ԶŵӾŸɱ˳ǵ޵ˣѾ鳾Ҹս֮ˣḻֺרʵԼĵ֣Ϊ͡
ҶѾɽͷ֮ϣ߰ʮתۼҲ׷˹ͬʱȫ֣
ȵ۳һ׳ĺӿɲ֮䣬رɫɽ𶯣ɽھҵĲţƺҪǿ󵽲˼顣
˿ֲĹ֮£ҶȴȻɫƽҸԻֻǽŲƶƮڴ֮Ϸɿƶͬ籩ֹܼ
߰ʮֵĺлλˣǿҶҲȫ
顱һ죬Ҽ类һӡݺУһ򣬲ж˲
ٿҿܶ㵽ʲôʱ򣡡
ڿʼ˷Դ֮󣬾ʼմڱѹƵ״̬޲һŭڿҶУССıһ£Ȼܼķ
ԴˣҶȻûлȻڲϼᶨһһ
ۣ
һʮɵɽֱӶţγ֮󣬽һѪ¶һѪܵ˿ڡ
ټӰѾʬΣ
˵¸ˣһÿѪĺ޲ýҶࡣ
ҶҩȪͷųƣҲ̾˿ĵŶԸؼ˵ģӲˡ
˵֮䣬֮϶Ȼһɫĳ⻤壬ٶȶʱӿ죬˱ø
ϳԳ򣬲ɫãӦ֮ᣡ
Ӧ֮ᣬܹٶһֲľ磬ҶϣﻹܹĲ
ʨȴĿ¶ǿĹƬ򶼸飬мҲӲ
Щ˱㲻Ҷ𹥻Ҷڵը
ҶȻδֻͷԼĲԽԽ죬ģ˵гԽԽҶÿһʵһ㣬޷ֱǲӰǱ塣
Ҷһ𣬾ȻһƬƺ˿˿˿ƣ赲ǵߣ˶֪ιˡ
СӵڸʲôôֲõԤУ
ǰѵòɣȥˣ
ʱʼڸ߿գע·εؼ˶ȻһȣŸʲôʲô󣬼ǵȫ俪
Ȼһ紵ǰƲȫɢڿҶվһʯͷ֮ۿˡ
죬ˣ
ûˣϽɱǧٶ
Щ˶ǸҶǹĲתˣٴʩչò׿ͣˣȻϴᣬ׼ɱ

һɫһԼ𵴷֮һ߳ҶһɽӡҶͷ£һޣųɫâҶ
ȫ֣ޱһ㣬ƾˣԿԽɽ촷ۡ
Ҷе䣬Щǿ󵽼µĹĵ÷ˣ
Ļ£ղһ˲ƶ߹ĵطȻͬʱֳһ˸ӡÿӡɢһɹĺڹ⣡
¡
һ˵۳ɵ𣬾Ȼ˵ĹȫҶվ֮ӿȥ


1119 ɱ
¡¡
ͬ籬ըһľ죬Ҷվ֮˲ͱָĹâ⣬ҲκΡ
췭ظ޹⣬ƺǻһƬ貵ĹâռĿʼ¶һһ˶ޱȵա
ըǿˣɻ˷ӿȥֻҪƬ֮ڵˣֵңȫֱӸƷȥ
뱬ը֮߰ʮ֣׵壬ǰˣҲ޷ֵһܵ˳ȥߣʮΪϵ͵ˣֱӱ촷ۣҽж
⵽ô£
ڷķУ˵ǿҵĹԽɽΪƽأӦô˿񱩵ˣҶվ֮ûбݻ١
Уֻڸ߿յؼΡȻǿ˸޷嵽ߣȫϷһɽ˿ȥ
棬ĶŹâΪҫ֮Ҫ͸ΣϧֻһƬ˵Ĺ⡣
𣡡
ͻȻһ쳹ص޾Ĺâ֮Уһɫ
ӽǧףϼεͨںڣһƬ۶ͬһСɽһ˸ſֲĹâͷ˺Ƭգھͷ֮ϣҶ׶վƺָӾǰֱӳſվؼ˶ȥ
⣬
ʥֻڴ˵еģûܹĿãȻڣǰȻһֲѹÿ˵嶼ڷڣǿ˶˵ϣĤߵס
ⲢǵıԸɢϣĴݻĸصĵƵǲò¡
ؼ˵ɫڱˣֻ֪ⲻΪʥѾ»Ȫܴˡ
ӦҶһķ۳ɵһˣҲ̫ˣ
ҶڵԼڶĸǵ֮ɽݷľ㾦׼˵֮Ѩ̲صĵ۳ģ죡
ǰֻ֮򣬲ƶڵϿƣóһ֮󣬲ΪУֻΪ㾦
Ҷվ֮ϣͬƮƮڷ裬˫ֱ֮磬һؼˡ
ؼһӣͽɢһҲҪˣ
һҫ۵Ľϱ俪Ǳһ̫ԭƯ֮ϵЩɳȫ뿪˸ŵƣǵصųľӿȥ
ЩɳȻһƣ飬˸ӳ֯һɫ磬ޱ޼ʣƺܹɡ
޼
˵սԺӽɳۿٳһ磬
ˣ
ڣ˶ϳˣؤʵݾȻǸ߸ϵˡ
𣡡
ֱײ˽ɫ֮ϣȻֱû˽ȥгһ澰
һǧ׵ľֻǾҡڣ׺ȻˣǱ˴βֱг롣
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ֪ıⷽɫɣǽûеĻΣˡ

ɳʯǧ׵ľȻȫĳ˽ɫ֮У
ѵˣ
ͻȻɫ翪ʼҵĻζɳǳһʼ׷׹䣬ؼ˵ɫüΪѿ
䣡
ɫ飬нɳȫը˿Ҳٴγ֮ϡ
˻ͬ޴ɽһצȻؼˡ

ؼ˵ĿзһҽУҪ㿪ܵ¿ʼתǿ֮ͬһʵʵ޷롣
꣡
צռ䱻˺ѿһ׵ľ޴ѷ죬ؼռݵǸؤ壬ıһΪ罦Ѫ֮УһŽ˳
֮꣬ȻҪͬϴٴδԽգȻҶԸ
ޱߵĲոʮɫ֮ϣƬĹκҲ򿪿ռ֮š
ɫ֮꣬â𲻶ȻĿʼ֣̿ͬʱǴſ־Ҳ˳Ҷѵĸɱ𣿸㣬ͷ˽ͨѾ޸ò˶ã˾ٴ˽磬ҪɱңǻὫ㣬Լкйصȫɱģ
ҶĮĵΣֻҪңɱ󣬽죬Ҿɱ
Ҷڵģ
ٴצݺݵŽɫȥ
ۣ
̻ͬ貵Ľɫâڿſһλ߸ϵˣɢɥ˽硣
Ҷվ֮ϣɢĹâĵɱ㣬ҲŻڣ


1120 ս֮
һ˾Ȼһ˸ɱɢ
ڴ˿̶ҶĿη壬ǹǶе޷š
ˣǿǸ߸ϵϴڣ׼ԻأȴҶ֮֡
Ȼ˵ҶƾսɱһжҶóģˡ
Ҷվ֮ϣڷ裬Ŀ⸩·ͬһһһӡ
ɱ
ֱ
䣡
´ĺ֮һݺύ鲼Ƭȫһ
ȻûҶ޴󣬵ÿе۶ɣƲɵצĳĸǡ
ЩǵҶɱ˵һ̾ͺˣ֪ԼЩ˵ĵ˵ӣԸҶ
ϧ׵̫ˣҶѾ¶ģҪ֮һȫС
죬֮Ƭ֮ںֱͬһ֧ľһң֮̾ͻֵ£Ҳ޷赲Щ۳ɵ
ҽ˷ȫһսѪȾ˴أʬѻɽѪ֮ζ̱ǣѪʡ
ں̰վһʯ֮ϣȥ̲ס̾һЩǸְȫˣοأ
ʯ֮£˳ס֣Ҳ޷ıʲôȻѾɱˣͱҪնݳɱɾңֻǸʼպ罫Ҫˡ
һ仰˵˶ǻָ˳ĬΪЩֻ̽·Ķѣȫ磬Ǻ滹Ӵļ忿ɽԲô׵ưոݣ̬չȥ罫׵Ϊսա
ֻйȻҹҶԼ˵ĻҪ磬Һͻҽ磬ʱԼΪˣҪԵУˣʵҶҪֻΪ˱ԼļˣԼѣԼĹ磬ҪЩ¡
ڵ״̬ҲĿ
ɽսܹӭһʮ֣ɱĲֻ֮һʣµˣλˣҶɱġ
Ҳ֪ȥ˶ãɱ¾ֹͣˣɵɵС֮ϣڿоɢ˿ҶվʱҲͷ
ҶĬĬĴ֮뿪վھĶ棬
Ҷ˵ͷڸһҲֱ˲ʧֻʣһص֮䡣
еҶԽ֮£۶ɣһȻҲټ֮ϣǷһڿնȥ죬ֱȫɢ
ʱ˿̣ض˼žŨѪ֮ζ˱ǣǿҵϢһѪ࣬һЩϱ۲֫ɭɭ׹ǡ
ֱһƬ˼һ㣬˲ֱӣ
ҶĮעһУﲢûʲôǸλ߲ΪսǲпģսػˣЩôԼ
Եͬ飬ǶԼĲ̡
鷳ˣܷȥɽ
ɽĴսˣȫҶһֵ֮ĵˣһûԼһ˵Ǵȫʤ
ֻԼٰ֪ʱɽΪë֮أʺκסΪɽĵѾήҲ֮ʧҪ»ܣҪ֮á
ɽɽͱԭսǼΪˣɽҶŹ弰ʱϵ콵Ļпܱˡ
ޱȣ־ܷɱУ󷨲ǵɣеǶ󷨵ˣ󷨸ɲʲô̫˺һǵٶȡ
ˣǾ޴ģ
ʮжʮս˵ˣλ֮У˺սսսʨɽɽʯս
ЩҶϤģйˣȥʵ̫ˣ½ͺиսڴˣеʬ嶼û£Ǹ޴ӱϡ
ҲǸۣС֮ϸڴСѪܵ˿ڣֱҶֵʱ״̬ͬʱսˡ
ԭɽҪһ㣬Ϊʱ˺ܴãһжλ޵еѪ峤ټʮѪ֣Ҳǹǧ綼䡣
֮ⳡսĻˣȻɹıס磬ȴǿ죬أΪȥ̫ˡ
սʹֻʱܹϡ
ȻսҶȴŸΪؼʱ˵ͷ˽ͨѾ޸ò˶þͻ˽ٷ˽磡
ңԻΪȥͬ鱨𣬵ʱȴĽܿһս


1121 δ·
ɽͷ֮ҶѾˣһûˣԣĪȶȥ
ÿ˶֪ѹҶϵĵӼؼأҶҼҶԪ˵Ҷһ˳ҶҵһƬա
ȻڣҶҪһ˳һƬա
Ҷ˼˼Լδ·˼δ·
£ˣ£Ҳ£
ǣԼļ䣬Ϊٲ֮أ
Ȼɱһˣֻʵϸ˵ǲˣԼҲûǿܹɱˡ
ǲһ֮꣬˾ҪȵĻǿࡣ
Ӱ˵Ҫ죬Ҫ׵ϴ񣬲ȻĻͻᱻѹ촷ۡ
֪ǵӦҲǼΪǿġ
˵ҶΪɱ֮꣬ƬɽԲĵڰ֮гΪë֮ء
˴磬Ҷ¾͵ýʮĵȲ˵ܷ϶ɱˣһƬΪë֮أҲʵ̫ˡ
֮ҶվԶʣĵҪȷİȫֻн糹׷գֻܳܽ磡
Ҷ뵽Ψһİ취취ҲǲУֻҪҵʦĴٽԼڵ˵ƿأԼԲóһյ󷨣ˣĸ֣޷硣
ȷܹ簲ȫĴ۾罫׵رһյ磬еʿ˵̫Ĳء
ҶԼ뷨ȫжͬ⣬˷ԣϣ˾Ȼͬ
ĽʵԭҲ޷ִսʹԸڷյٿƽƽĻȥδս֮ǰҲһֱġ
Ȼ˶֧ҶôҶȻҲûκεĹˣû̿ʼֲΪвµʱ䣬⹫Ҫӭˡ
һĲóɹ˶ٽ磬˵ѪˣҲζҶĸף죬޷ټѪǡ
ҶƷҲܸŶǰѪ磬ΪҶҵĸ
ԣʣʱ䣬ҶҲûȥڼţԼǡ
ת֮䣬ʱȥһ£һ죬ԽҶ˳ȥ
⹫ȥ߰ɣ
ɭ֮УѾһƬأҶߵ˵ĺѾʼֳԭȷïľήеĸҲԶ߸߷ɡ
ҪѪˣ
Ҷ⣺⹫жã
žʣ°µʱˣٵ̫ҲӦ٣ֻлѪ硣
ף⹫ҡ
ҶԼ⹫һѪ磬ܷ˳ɹ٣죬ңҲܣ
һûзգһ첻뿪һǰѪʱĻĻ᳹ױء
ЦŴҶĻˣ⹫ڿµһ˿϶ܹ˳ɹٵģţгһգ϶Ҳǰ죬ʱ
ȻֳҶüһ㣬һѪʱڣҶһĿ⹫
ΨһĲµľѪˣҲ뿪ҽѪ峤ݵѪȽ㣬֪㲻Ըⱻ峤ĿǰҲʵûкʵѡ˾ˣ̫
ҶƬ̺ͷ⹫Ҵ֮һȥѪ磬ʱҿ϶ᰲźһеģ
ԴѪҶס֮󣬱뿪ˣڴ˿޲˫ͨ죬档

⹫
죬ҶƷɣҶĪ磬ȫ˶ԵǰΪһ𣬲֪ʱط꣬Ҳˣ

ԵۿҲǺģæҪ˸Ȼȴֶͷ
ŮТ
Ů˵ˣȥˣõĵ㣬ԺԼչ˺Լչ˺Ʒɺķˣ
ֻͷ
ߵҶԪǰȻһ׼ҹǰ¶еԺ鷳ˣ
ҶԪһͬһİɣ׼ҹ
ˣˣλɣţ϶ģ
Գ˻˻֣Ѫʮռ֮Ŵ򿪣һᣬһһͷ˽ȥ
ҶעŴŹرգĬĬĵ⹫һҪƽɹ٣ʱڻ


1122 Լĵ
ˣҶҲʽʼѰħĴ
ڵʵʶңʱ䣬ں֮ҵ˴ľλãǱ뺣ףһĴĿѪ֮ơ
ЩѪ֮ƣȫ֮߱ҶľʦֶͶء
нڵдںִ֮еĶΪΪ˷ֹƻòںеǳ䵽
ȻڵĴȴûκߣΪȻ½
½׻½ȸ½½
վϣӸµĿȥͻᷢĿ½״ͺʹ˵еʥȫһ
ˣħֱĿ½Ϊڴ˻ϽѪ֮ƿ̻ںףӶ󷨳͡
ҶûзѶڣдһһ鷽Բ׵ԲεشܱһȦѪ֮ƹһԲΣǻֳһһ
ʵֻһȫĴ󣬱ҪɵõѪеˣԼ򵽵Ѫ֮ƿ̻Ӷ󷨲Ӧе
ҶֱʱʶԼȻ¸ˣҲܹӻص翪ʼӦս֮⣬ʱˣûʱȥԼ·
֮еѪ֮ҲóһͼҶһĿ½Ϊεһ̣½ݸԵ󣬵ʥ飬Ӷػס硣
ҶûϿʼԼѪ֮ƣѰһۣΪʦһų
ҶȻѾ̤鳾ʵûﵽ鳾һ䣬Ϊ޷һԼֻǸո鳾
ƾԼ󷨵գҶںһ֮ҵһۣβûһСݣֻһʽӵĺӣ˶İڷڵ¡
Ҷһ󼤶ǹʩһȻŽõУѪ֮򿪣Ȼһ˸ѪѪΣ
վԭأҶ˼˺ܾ֮󣬲ûϽѪںϣǹ˺иǣ֣ص
ҶѾǵǸʲôĺˣܹ֮ɱ˵ĶǿߣȻȴ򵥵ĵ
Ȼʦķܹ˲磬ͬ˳˵бס
ЩֻǸĶʿǼ磬ĻǸȣպܶƿԶ޷ͻơ
ٶѾ˵ˣ˵սǾ磬ʱ䣬ʹﵽ鳾ֱδŵ顣
ټҲʲôպ˾˾ʱ򣬿»벻ѡ
ң뵽һܣħԯ콾λʦ֮⣬ʦ֣ʥսҲʦ֡
ʦֻܹ˾ŸȻʦûз֣ǲʦûз֣ǶѾȡߣܽϣЩ֮ϡ
ˣҶûںѪ
»ص֮ҶУ۾ʼԼ·Ѫ֮ơ
֮Ҫ󲹳
ϴص·һ֣ĿǰҶѾ֪ľ֣··ѪеѪ֮ơ
Ӧòֹ֣·
ÿ͸ܵ·Ҳһ򵥵˵ÿ·Լеġ
ѪѪ֮ƾܿÿѪ˶Ѫ֮ƣ󲿷Ļ·ֻ񶫷ԣǿ߲Ѫ֮ơ
Ҷ˼ԼҪһ·Ϊ˻Ҫ֪һ·ǵ·
˵·Ӧ򵽵ģΪҽӴô鳾֣򵽵Ķ··ӦҲǿ֣֮ҵĸоѪ֮ƾҪ·ҪǿҲ֪ǲҵĴ
ߵ·˶ͬҲȥһĵҪȫҶеġԼĵ
ʲôԼĵأ
Լĵ
⣬֮Уܹ뵽һûмˣ˶׷Ѱǰ˵ĽŲǰ˵ĵಽţҶĴʦħԯ콾򵽵Ҳֻĵ
ܹ뵽ĿԼĵˣ޲һ˽ܣž֮
վе۷崦µܿܿҶҲڳǵλöŬš
ڼž֮УҶ˳˼֮С


1123 һһ
Ϊ
⣬ÿ˶Լ⣬еΪǳеΪʳǣʵ˵˾ÿ׷Ŀ꣬õĶ
ǧ;ͬ飡
յ㾿ںη
Ҷ̤֮·ô꣬ڲŵһοʼ˼Щ⣬Щ⣬ߵһǸλãȻд𰸡
׷ʲôƽΪʦƷ죿Ѫ
ҶԼǿ֮УԼ꣬ʳһһ⣬ǰҲֳ֮һһĻ档
Źײĵİ޳ʹѪΣѪӰɽĵ
֪˶֮Ҷ۾¶һ˿ȻʶʵԼʵĲͬ鲻ͬ׷ĵҲͬ
ڸױ޵ץߵʱԼʱֵĵǾȳףȵ˳֮Լ׷ĵƷ죬ôԼĵҪסһ硣
ǧҲָĲÿ׷ܵÿʱ׷ĲͬĵЩն۵һ𡣡
ȻˣҾһһ
Ҷĵһһ
Ҷ뿪ǿգŵħ³Ѫ֮ơ
Ƭ֮󣬽ϵʥ긫ϵʥ۾ԪˮѪ죬ոƤսģӦ֮ᣬѪӦˮϵʥĹ䶦иոմؼǵõǸɫװнɳĺ«ҶȫǼ˳ΧԼת
˿һĻԻʧɫΪκһõģҲ⡣
ȻҶȴһӵô࣬ȷʵĽҪɱĵز
ҶЩȫóΪͻ԰ڣÿһ϶иʽ·
ȥʥոͽɫ«֮⣬֮϶·Ӧ֮ƤսҲ⣬Щ·ԭȵ˻߸⣬Կġ
ֿȥ·ǲ࣬ģ޹ɿѭϸĻܿ
ȴϵ״ԲΣΪԲطΪԲΪα˵Ԫˮ·ֳˮ״ԣӦ֮ᣬ·ɢһֹӣеƤ
ոͬʱӵ͵·Ʒ׿϶ҪҪߣ֮һʥ˹䶦ϵ·ʥ֮⣬ֻŻƣ㲻·ؼ˵Ļ˵Ҫʵ
ʥ˵Ȼɣڵ¼Ϊƾã꣬ϴнƵϣܹ
Ѫ֮ƣӦѪеһ·ǹۿЩ·ǶŵѪ֮ζԼɱ֮
ҶĿһÿһ·ţ۾··Ѫ֮ƣָ·ʼԺ֮ӿ֡
Ǻϲһǻʲôһ·
Ҷðһ󵨵뷨뵽
Щ·Ĵ߶֮¿ʼںϣصҶۻҡ
Ҷǿʹ£Ȼ۵һ𣬵ǳֳ·ȴǼΪ죬˴֮Ǹ롣
ȱʲôҶĵ
ơƣѪơҪġĻ϶һڲͬ·Ҷ۾ͻȻһˣӦûƣ
ˣˣΪţϴ
Ȼ··϶ҲӦ·
ȻҶûпǡѪսԴУܿ뵽ˣ˵ѨλӦҲ·Ҳ·
뷨ҶʱüԼԼѾץһӰӡ
ҶֱȥԼĻ긮ÿѨܻ֮ͨɵʵֶһ̫գɫĹеĶ֮ϣȥ
פãҶûзκε·Ѫ֮УҪһǸѪɫӰ
ȻѪɫӰѾڣΪµһ˿ɸ˶ԣȻ޷ٳˡ
ҶһѪϿգ˫ͬʱ𣬷һɾ֮ʱѪڷѪ
ߴ׵ˮڿӲıҶںϵһ𣬽֫ԴԭҶԼ󣬾ȻһѪɫӰ
Ѩ⣬̫Ѩ⣬ӿȪѨ⡭
ҶѪɫӰϲϵĵ㶯һѾͨѨλӰϽ˳
ҶһϵеѨλȫ
Ҫҵ·


1124 ֮
Ѩλ֮䶼һľ룬ûѨλصһ𣬶еѨλĻ͹һζε·Ҷҵ·
ƣƣƣѪƣ
·ҶԺвͣķתںϣײкüҪȫںϵһ𣬵Ȼʧܡ
ܾûٵʲô
ģǿ֮Уһһ˸Źâֿʼ֣
·֮⣬ҶȻս֣Ӱս֣Ѫս˵ȫǿп̻˳
ȻҪһȫµ·ôҶþͲӦֻ·֮ϣЩ˹ս֣Ǵǻ߿ģбȻҲ̺ǵĵڹĦҪȡټ֮ڻͨ·
·֣ɫ񷭷ɵѩһڿнֿɢϣܶʼϢ
ҶﾲţԼĵ
һȻʱ䣡
ڷƽ˾ˣȻûг֣Ⲣ˶ܳ׵ķҶҶĵǵĵҶİΣ
ڣҶ۾˫֮˶ĿĲʹ⣬ϸᷢЩâ֮оȻ̺һ˿˿·
ڽơơѪơƣԼӰء΢ˡħ졢ʦԯ콾ɱؼڵǿߵĵ֮Ҷڳɹһȫµ·һе߲·
߲ʵɫΪ̺ҶĸԳ
ȲƣҲǵƣƺѪƣǴ֮ơƣ
·ֵɲǣϿͻȻܲӿĩһһ֣ȴҲԼǧϼ˸ͨоŭε
ҶﺣףҲܸܵϴ޴Ĳ˵ʿǣΪǿг֣׷׶Ѿ׼ӭһδս֮֮󣬲
ÿ˵ָɻΪλࡣ
֮ϣһ˻ɫĵ沨ϷҶ̧ͷ죬¶֮ɫͰ͵ĵ⣬ⲻܣŭ֮׺֮ײ棬˴˰磬ôܻܹѵѵҶ

ȫµĵԼĵ
Ǵ̡
ֻҪһʵ˿Դ̣ҪǴǻ߲Ϊ
Ȼ˵ǧǹ磬ܹȴָÿһӵͨ쳹֮ܵվ۷֮ϵĴڡ
ܶΪʱ̫ԶѾ޴ӿ֤Ŀǰܱ֪ļߣ翪֮ӣ֮ұӣһܣȻԶȥʧǵҲʷ֮С
ʷǴû˴ͬʱֵ࣬ȴ÷Ҷʶ˴
֮٣ŭٺ췣Ҳζһͨϴȫµĵ·֣Իء
ʵҶûĴֻǴ󵨲Ѿжõ˽Ϊȴ˴֮·
Ҷ̲סһХ㺣ˮֱȻײ˿֮ܲϡ
ɲǼ䣬߿裬ƷƺҪҶΪĳͷȴʲôû£Ϊ֮׺ŭ֮ͬʱ֣ߵ֡
ҶȻµĵصףһڵڵƬ֮еĵ
ͬʱ˫ʮָ֮ѪڵϸݵŤƳһơ
ҪԼĵƣϵʦµ󷨸ҼӴ׵ķӡ磬֮⣬·Ҳ롣
ҶѪ֮ĿԼĵ֮󣬡¡¡һ촫ĩһ㣬˾ҵ𶯡
½𶯵ΪңټĺͬХһ㣬ˮӿǧס
鶼ɫ䣬໹ûʧ޹⣬𶯣ˮΪĩս١
ΨзҶȴǷһ̾ӣʥѾȫճͣ籣סˣ
Ϊ֤Ļһ֮д𣬹Х֮
ȸ½֮ϣһֻ޴Ļɫȸգ
½֮ϣһɫľһɳ졣
׻½֮ϣһͷɫͻݣֱ֫Ծʡ
½֮ϣһֻͷ䣬Ƶա
ʥڿлۣԷһ춯صĽ֮ûټ
ѳɣ


1125 ָ
ڳͣ罫ܵκĹϢ֮޲ϲأеһʯ
ҶصҶңϢ߼˵ͬʱҲһϢǾ⹫ԣѾ˳ɹ٣˻죡
ҶںױչصʱѪͻϢ
ҶһȴûĸˣΪ첢ľǼ磬ĳЩ˵ĻҪ棬±ڷ˽绹ҪѵĶ࣬ϾӰؾõӡ
ȻЩǲ˵ģԼ֪УαĸҲŵġ
ǲҪ뿪ˣ
찮ĿԼĶӣҶʳǵ
Ҷ̾һǵģҪ׼뿪ˣΪ̫ȥˣ
̵ʦ䣬Ī٣ĺǺ˸֮ʦµķʦ䣬Ѫ峤
Щ鶼ҪԣҪȥģûκܹ
һߣҶĲ֪ԼʲôʱܹٻˣȻԲܹȥɣ磬ɼܶ鲢ܹƵ˵ġ
ǵģ磬һڼҶסһʱ䣡
һʱ䣬Ҷļˡ
ǾͺãǾͺãʰķȥЦдȥĸ׵ְ
һĻҶᣬǶԶԼ˵ߣǿĵһ
صĸʰõķ䣬ŴոµĴ죬õȲкõˮҶгů⣬ȻѾҪĸ۰չ˵ͣǲò˵ڴСûĸ˵Ȼж
ĪҶ֣ƺԼһ֣ҶͻʧһҶǸΡ
⣬ҲѾ֪ԼĪߵʱĪһ٣Ϊµļλﵽӡĸɮһ󷨣ȻоյĶɹ١
Ī֮࣬ҲͬҶͷһʯȷа취ƽ⣬һһҪɱ޹ˣڶȴҪҵʦ²ˡ
ȥģҶҪ㣡
ĪĻҶ˼Ҷ̧ͷǰȷʵ춼Ҫʼɵգֿʼˡ
ȷʵĪһΪ֮ʵ޷ȫģϾٵԽԽһ󷨵ֵסǺ롣
ǣҶ֪ԼȥҪߵ·ضǳ˼ѺΣգܹٷ˽£ԼһܹŻ
ҪҸţ´ʱҾͲȥ鷳ɴʦˣ
Ī赭дһ仰ʱҶеͶһһ𣬵Ƕһ𣡡
ڶ컹ûҶ۾ʶ֮£ؿԼļɽ֮ɴ
ȻǶҪ뱣֤ƽҪԼǽ
һҶ뿪ӣֱվ֮ϣӸµĿȥ
·ӡµǸ֣ۡѾЧҶɽȵǰŨ˲٣һԽԽŨ
㣬ʿ˵Ȼأ֮ҲὫ֮䣬γһϢѭ
ֻҪҶԼڷŬڣҲһȡþ˵ĳɾ͡
Ҷ̧ͷҶʱ˷ܵı߻ֵ磬磬
ҶЦҡҡͷҶѾʮˣȻĺһ
˵ߣ̶Χ˹ҶҶŷҪָһǡ
̶̼ʱ䣬Ҷÿ˵ľ綼ߣѾɹ볾ǴﵽӡʮأܵҲӡغͰҡ
˵ǷǳŬЧҶǳ⣬ǿʼָǡ
Ҷڵľʵָӡļˣ˵ĺôǻǳȻʡ
ҶҲ֪򲻴ܶԼ򵽵Ķܸǣ̵ܹ⣬ԼеʱΪʲôܶ೤߶˵̫࣬Ϊкȷʵˡ
żҶȻûпԼͽɵӰϴδսʱ򻹿ˣʱ̫࣬ûü˵
ͽܣҶҲǳǸΣԼͲһϸʦ
أ
ϸ¾ͱչˣڳ
ʲô
ҶԼĶ䣬żʱ䣬ɾȻҪˣ
ٶȣԼҲԲλడ
ȥ
ٶ˿£ǲǺΪĺйأ


1126 
ɱչصĵطǵҶ㽫ɱĺɽһ˿ٳһɽſڶ˿ʯ򵥵Ĳһ£ڶжԳء
Ҷվڶڣ룬˫ͫʶȻССĽɫ̫֮£ͿԽڣ֮еο
һҶȲѡ
ɵڣѪҺǧӿƺΣ֮һʵ⣬һӵľӣŵ޷ճκεĶ
ҶԾǱڲϢѪҺȻѾǴĺɫཻɫѪҺ֮˸
Ȼһ־ı־պѪҺȫɺɫתɫ
䣡
һ촫ɵڵľӶȻһĿ⣬ѵһ·ϣݿ࣬裬˲ü֮ס
ͬʱҶнҲҵ˸Ϊ澵ӺȻۣȻʼɢ⡣
ɵĳ澵ӣӦòͨľӣпʥɣ
ܶʿĳΪ⣬еĳʥޣеĳʥĳΪʥӵʥˣպǰ;޿
ΪĺˣԶʿұҲǳףӵһʥҶǳڴպĳɾ͡
ٺ٣ҪƷĻҿû׼ܳΪ֮
ҶվۿΪɵĳѾβֻҪӳ壬˳
ʱ֮ɹȻɹԼڵľӳ壬ͷ֮ϣȻʱҶȻھ֮Ͽ˵ʣƣͬһƬɾһۼ
ֻϧһţʹʧȴҶ𶯣պлĻԼһҪȥһ£ûرľʥ
ʦ
۾̾ͿվڶҶ˷ܵĽгæվ壬ڶŵǿǧصĴʯһͻ촷ۡ
ʦôˣ
ҶЦеĵ˵ڳȻҪϲ㰡
ɱ˵е㲻˼ˣͷٺ٣ʦ˵ֻҪҵ˳뿪ҶĴתתҵ鳾ܸʦߣһҪ
Ҷȷ˵仰Ҳ벻ɻӵٶȣôչȥĻ¼֮ľܵӡˡ
ʦ˵ĻȻʱ뿪ҶңĴΪĽʦһ
Ҷɵüģһս
ǣ
ɵ۾ٿȻԲܵǹǿ޼᲻ݵս⡣
ս仯ǧʦĿǰǿĹսԺ㲻ȥģ±˵սˣ
ɲʲôսֻĳģ±˵ս
ҶΪʦʵǺܲΪֲ⽫ս̸ɵʣ϶ܹսԽԼ
ʦǲҪ뿪ˣ
ʳͬ⣬ҶЦֻܵͷǵģжʱ䣬ھͳȥǵ֮ٳȥأ
ҧ촽˰һߣ
شҶе⣺ôż
ɵͷʦ̶̼죬㵽鳾ͿԳڸʦˣ
ӣȴ͸еİͶʦĸм
ҶпǧԼյһͽܣʵҲԼĸ
ʦ𣿡
ɣҶһ㶵ʲôɣ
ǰҳȥĸɵģҸôشʦûб˼ֻ뱨ʦʦɷ󣡡
ҶȻһȻЩۣȴ͸ޱȼ֮ɫףԼʵȷɵġ
Ѫһţ
ѪһţҲʷ˵ٵһɣҶ֪ܹжˣǲɷϣһΪǿɣκһ˶һ۲š
ѪҶһսᣬΪҶµʦȻԼ޷ԸҲûٽѪ͸һˡ
УˣҲѪһųʧұҪһŴȥʵѡˣ
뵽Ҷ鶸Ȼɵɣ£
û˿ԥ̹Ҷǰ
ɣ˵ĻҲμסɣѪӽ쿪ʼѪһŵĵӣһ죬ˣôҪңѪһŴȥסѪһŵҪƷ죬ҵŵ桪ħ죡
ʦɼסˣֻҪͽѪһž


1127 ƻϲϱ仯
뿪ҶңʼҶģĸʱ䣬ȷ֮ٴ뿪
ҶûֱӻҶң˾£һǵлϾǰĪһ٣Ҳǿϴδս˵ĲᣬϸһǱ
Ҷʵͬ·ɿ౯ʦԴ˳ӭӡ
Ҷȿڵл౯ʦЦЦһʤ߼ҷӦ֮£ҶʩĻԸ⽫Ǹ͸㡣
Ҷһ־ϲæл춼ƭ󷨣˵ʵˣҲĪԽԽ󷨲ãܹ뵽֮Уͻ
ѾȬͣҶٷȤϸϸ׷֮²֪ٷ̫̬
ٷ壬˵ҪֽѲſ֤ɹÿһֽѶпð
ӳڣĴСѾ֣ȻúúõģѿʥӾͽ
ǹ౯ʦ֪ĲȰ࣬ҲóҶֹĦһ
֮Ҷ뿪Խͳɽš
ȻһΪޣһΪѪޣͬѣȴǵĹϵֵͬһ㡣
ٷֱ֮ʣҶ԰룺ҹʱҪ뿪磬ҪҪһ𣿡
ҡҡͷˣ׷ĵͬ
ҶȻҲǿЦŵͷãϣպܹ֮ټ
ֱҶıӰʧ֮󣬰ȻĵҶҶ˵ѲôһսһУԣǿ϶ģ
һ쳹£תɮƮƮ󲽶Уһȱ

Ҷȥһİݷڵѣ˴Ⱥڡ
뿪ϣҲ֪ʱܻع飬Ҷʲôź뾡ܵļԼǡ
ڴȺڣ൱Ҷĵڶңλүү˳д
Ϊ˱鷳Ҷֱ壬үү˳ˣȴõһϢչˣ˵ھûдﵽ鳾ʱٳأ
ս֮󣬴ȺΪҩڣ¶æƵҩս˵ʿǣǸʱѡ˱չء
ʵ˶֪ԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬׷ĽŲǲܵ飡
÷ɽǧʱ򣬲ǿ鳾˳Ϊõµһöҩټ⳾鳾һû۳СŮȥҲܴﵽ鳾
˶ûа취ֻȥֻҪ벻ˡ
ԴˣҶΣûȥΪȥֻΣ粻ҲʱţܹͨһЩ顣
תһȦ֮ҶصҶңҶƺҲܲĳҪ뿪ձȽء
ҶҲˣмټһ֣׼֮뿪
Ȼ׼ʱ䣬ҵﶼܣΪ˲ҶǣңÿҲǿջЦ
Ҷʹû취Ҫˡ
Ѿһʱ䣬Ȼǰȫˣǲ֪˺ûȥѪ硣
ѪȺԼϻ⹫Ĵ峤еһѪҪȥ⹫Ը
˵кܶܶ飬ٵȥˡ
ҶЦˣʵһжǺǰһлһᾭģ
գҶ˵ȻκϰȻȥ磬ֻûֱͨţҲһز
ΨһҶ˸еοľǣҲһ˶뿪ǴĪ磬ȥĪ֮⣬һŮ˸һ𣬾ǳʥʹ壡
ԴӴս֮󣬹彫ͻľ磬Լȴ磬Ϊ˵Լĸ˵ˣҪǲҶȥôҲͲҪȥˡ
ĴˣΪⳡսʮ䣬Ҷ˶ǼΪҶ벻ǣȻĪҲΪĪ֮
ҶҪߣȻҲøţҶźˣһվѪ磬ڶվľ磡
ϧƻϲϱ仯Ҷ׼뿪ǰһ죬ڱԭѩ羹ȻǶ
ʼ˻ΪҶУȻѩȴǴһ˵Ϣĺǣʶħ޵ݣڣļѾַ磬ȫ׷ɱǺ


1128 
ѩϢȻ˶𾪲ѣҶѾһɺ嫵ɱ
ҶͺǣȻһˣһޣ֮Ĺϵȴֵͬһ㣬˭Ϊ˶Էԥĸ
ȻҶʶʱ̣ҲûٰҶæҶҲӡ
˳ĪнʱΪľ磬˸Ե·Ӷ뿪ǰ磬ֱڣҲûκϢҶʼҲǣҲѡ
ʵ磬磬ʥ޺ħ֮йһδսħսܣ磬뿪ʥʤ磬˵Ϊħ޵ĺڣǾԵУٲά衣
ҶҲѾʶ缸λʵʵǿޱȣѩϢ޲̾͸ϵȥ
Ҳеɻ󣺡裬ôܹ֪Ϣģ
ѩ棬ͬŮ·ƮȻµ¶һ˿˸еʴڱһʯͻȻԶȻյ˵ʴ˵һλʶЩ飬Ѿˡ
˶ʱףһλϲ£֮ǰҪҵʣڷʶû뵽ȻĴ˽ʯӶѩϵϣҲһԸ
λϲµʵѾʾȻܵʶ
ĻҲܰӦһºǺȻﲻæˡ
˽⵽ϸḶ́Ҷһ̶ٵ飬ھȥ
Ҷ磬Ҳȥѩͬʱڡ
Ҷһۣ˶ѾΪԼﵽ۷壬ٲһͿ֮ȷǸǰˡ
Ҷ˵ȥģǶһ𣡡Īħ޽ǳͷȻҲȥ
ſڽǳԴϵСԺͲڽǳϵССڣǱʾҲҪȥ
Ҷǣ֪޷ܾƬ̺˾鷳Ȼľ磬Ҵǰ磬ҽ飬ȥľǡ
Ī綼뿪ڷԣǴ˿ҶŲɵļ㣬ϾǰΣķ㲻Ϊ˾ȺǺһǿ磬ͬΪĿ꣬Īʵ̫Σա
ֻЭ׼뿪ʱһӰ߷ҲҪȥ
˳Ҳˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢
ȱžܾ˵µĵҩȻǵ鳾ȴҲƿ޿ͻƣҪиߵĳɾͣҪѰͻƵڴȺڵ飬Ѿȫˡ
ò˵˳ɼΪ㣬ҶҲȷʵҪһܰﵽԼܶæ
ã²˳٣ھͳ
Ҷ֮£д򿪿ռ֮ţĪǰľ磬ţѩ򿪿ռ֮ţͨѪ磬Ȼгǰ硣

磬һжԶ磬Ϊʵ̫ܹ࣬ģ˵һߣΪķǳ򵥣ǿʳʵ͵࣬ĻΪʳҪȥͱҪϵıǿ
ϲԶҲǼΪչˣҪԣĶֻ࣬Ϊ̫ɱ¾ƬӦྻѪȡ
Ÿָ࣬ϷɵģܵģˮεģʵռŸԵĵ̣ս¶ݣ㲻ȥǱˣҲԻΪ˵Ŀꡣ
ҲܿͳУ
ΪͣһͣҲ϶ģЩֻ࣬뵽ľ֮ΣȻͱ壬ģཨУУԵ֡
ڶͣ٣ȴ࣬ΪĳЩǿеĹϵ綼ĿģЩǱΪϱ޸ǡ
ͣҲ࣬ǾǱʳȺʿзˣȫǸݸĿζץġ
ʵ˵ޣҲѾҪʳֻ󲿷ԾҪˣϹΪǽ˵ɴʳԼĿʱɱǶ
֮磬κʿ˵һΪΣյ磬ڽ紩Խʱ򣬶ѡܿȻҲһЩ֣ҪΪ뷨ð磬Ľȥ޻ء
Ҷ


1129 Ե
ʱ׷ݵһ֮ǰһΪҰֵ֮УһͷȫѪɫۼףͳ׵ľǣѪ죬ɲ˿ڣɭ֮мѵţһѪ˶ͷ˿գϾȻ¶һ˿ɣЦݣҶҶûлص磬˵ҪȺ𹥻磬޷ϻȥֻﾡһˣ֪һܷٺˡ
ޣǣɲķôʼ˵ɥˡһ߹ɵĺ׳ͬܲ˺ۣˣϱһףһ˫ɫĻԲѵߣмĵ磬סǣһ죬ǻƬأ
ˣ˵ɣһҪˣʱɱɣ
˵Ҳһ󺺣߾ȻȺ׳Ҫ߳һͷϾȻаֱۣͬһ㣬쳣ִֻһֱ۾ʣ¼ӣͷ¶˳
ʣֱ֮бһͷ׳裬ıӲı˺ѵˡ
Ȼ˼أȴɱ޺޵Ŀڵ㣬ǿ¶ҪҪ
ˣȻǺǺԼ뿪нʱڲ֮дߵһȺʵѾܹȴΪдӡ޷ͻƵĺޡ
ҶӦȺޣҪǴн磬һͻƵĻᣬϧҶΪ׷ɱؼˣԽնȥΪ˲ҶЩʧţͬʱҲΪЩͬ飬뿪н֮ǰҵǣѯǵ֮ͬ󣬽˻磬硣
޵ʵǼǿȻдķӡ޷ͻƵÿ˵ĵ̺͸ǴļΪι̣ڽ뻭֮ûãľ硣
ʵȻǶϲΪǰͷպ֮·һ˳ƽ̹ǡ
Ȼʱһúħ޵ݱ¶쿪ʼǾ˱׷ɱӣ춼Ե
ȻǺǿ󣬵ߣʱһѾ룬ڽ죬ٴһɱһͷԼԱΪʣµɱһѪ·
ֻʣǣ׳ŵССڵĸ׺СڣǸаֱ۵Ĵǵ֮еΪצ㣬ŵһͷ裡
ӣȻǾٲά裬ܹڣȴҲǵʵԾ˵ٶţ֮⣬˳硣
ǱǵĽŲͻȻͣ¶˾֮ɫʺͷԼΪѪѿ촽ǰеˡ
ھǴ֮⣬ʮֻʵڴȺ
֮УԺǵʵǿһֵ٣Ҳ漴ͣ˽Ųĵ֣ɣһս
ԥһ£Ľŵ˵ϣҲͬצ£β֧壬ҡҡ
λһλȻվ޷վȣ֪ǵľжôҡ
ǿǺСһۺסǣûǴߣպͣ
˵ſ³һŻɵС
ץסûֱӶ˰צצСںߣҺͺ
צһֻ׳˶ֱ۽СڵǰСںߣ£
ͬս֮Ĺϵֵܣʱ˭ҲԸ뿪Ҫסˣͬʱߡ
ȻˣԿ϶Ǳˡ
СڿǵǣҪȥ𣿡
ʲôЦսҲᵱӱģǾϢ΢ȴ͸һɿ꣬赱ڲ֮һֻɱĵߵķݣʲôʱԼ߹
Сڽ߸˺ǣû
ɨ˼һۣ¶һ˿ھΣ߰ʱҲ¶˸Եһ棬Ϊ¶ݣȺҲľء
ҲҪһؤǵݸй¶ȥġ
ðɣ
̾˿ڣսսװ׸޴ΪлᣬһҪߣгһգŵģΪȥֵǱ𣡡
ʱһԶ𣺡ħޣԹԹ־ܣһҲߣ
λһ
췢һǺһѪ⣬һȣ˳ȥ


1130 Ǳ
һʱת˲ţһ̵ľ޴ɳĮϿգȻһȿռ֮ţ߳һȺˡ
ĸ֮⣬ֻޣȺȻǰѰҺǵҶǡ
Ȼգֻǲ׼뿪Ӷֹǻ磬ǲ˽롣
ַǶݵģֻǼλʸǿķϷħ첼µĴ޷Ტۡ
ȫŵܣҶ˳֮⣬ȫ࣬ԭӦǶҪĵط
СſڽǳݵԴϣȿڵԣѪζ̫أκζŨѪζԶ˿»
û˴Ҷѩ裬ûа취ҵǵ䣿
ѩ磬ѾΪͬǺһҪ൱ڱһΪβʵĺ˺ʱȻѰһЩ
ǽĵص㣬Ҳһλ͵͵ǵģ˵Ƚϰȫ
Կ
ѩ֮ϳһĺʱֻаƴСҲΪ˵Խ仯С
֮зɳһ˸ŹâʯͷǺĽʯѩ˫סʯڶͷ֮ϡ
üһŰ׹⣬ѿһֻɫľβѩߣѩĻʶ
зʽȫûгֻȴӵиԵ꣬ǺסҶԿ˵һʶʱҲͬԻʶս
Сβѩֱӳ˽ʯ֮УʯͷһŰ׹⣬Ƭ֮ѩ۾¶һ˿ɫԴһǰ֮󣬾Ҳûǵ䣬ܿѾ
ѩĻû˵˭֪Ҫ˵ʲô
һʱ֮ڣȻûкǵϢ˵Ѿ׶༪٣кܴĿܣ˲ҡ
Ҷ˫ֳ֮磬ž죬ɫĵûܸӦţ
ڣҶǽף֮ͺ֮ͻһͬĵӦһȻ֪Ǿʲôطźû
裬鷳ٰʣһǰǱľص㣬磬ЩˣЩ׷ɱǣҪһϸ
ܺû⣬ҶҪ֣ΪǱ
Ҷ磬˵̫࣬޷ͳƣȥ֧֮⣬弸׷ɱ
ãָ֧ң
Ϊ˺ǺͽҶҶϧΪУ
ҶʼŵƬҰֵĵطȥΪ˱ν鷳ԼϢ˳ǳȫ˺ʱֻѩߡ
Ͼ˳࣬ǳħޣСΪѣ˶ڴ⣬֮еκһ˷֣룡

һƬɽ֮Уһͷ;޴ĺɫǣѪĵڼٱܣ̬Ǳ˼㣬ͷޣβš
ǣ˵ħ쳣ǿôôûãͬɥ֮Ȯһɴкˣк칷ɣ
·߲ˣӣԹ־ܣҲǻܸȫʬ
ǣŲ֪ɣֵѾȫɱˣԼԵȥֵ𣡡
ͷ޶Ǵ磬ǺǵĶ֣Ǻϵһֱδһʵٴһۿۣռ˱ˣ׷ɱǳ֮ãȻѾԶ˺ǣͬè׽һϺ;ĥ̼ͣ
ǵݱҧġ֨죬ڻȻתѪ˫֮޵Ŀ⣬ĶѾ׷ֻޡ
һ֮ǰǳս˱ʮֻȻֱͻΧҲʹ˷˿˴˼Ҳûм֪Է
ȻҪȥѰǣɼձ׷ɱ㣬ʼƣڱлᡣ
߰ȻίȫΪ˻ȥģ֪ܵʹࡣ
кܶΣɴͶԷͬھ뵽ֵǵ֪Ӳҧأ뾡һа취
Ȼ죬ͻȻͷ˵ֵѾȫɱеǵϣ֮ʱϨȻ֪ǶԷƭԼôãˣ
ۣĸۣ
Ը⽫ԷĻʵԼֵܶˣԼͲҪҸֽĻȥʰԼϺ͸߰
ٴ̧ͷ֮֮Ȼɢһǿƣöͷ޲΢΢ɫΪ״ʵǲϡ
ǺȻЦˣ֮ҲѪͲ̣һ̣ʰԼԣĵɱңҲҪûб£𷴹ɱˣ
໡
һǺ쳹ʣǵ󣬺Ȼֳһ


1131 
һĺ֮Уһ׵ͬһĴԼӴ󣬵ȴ˺۵ݺݵһȺ׷ͷһֻֻʣһֻɫߣȻվвһɹɺɫ
Сڡ
һǰĴսֿͻΧܺãڲúˣⲢûǰѱ׷ɱˣȻǸħޡ
һ׷ǵ˺򣬱Ƶǲò˱壬ͶԷɱ
ɱ
ѾɱˣȫƴĴ򷨣Լ嵱ϵľǧˣݺݵĳŵˣСҲͬǲҪͷԼ

ǣסвǾܴ뿪طˣ
צҲҵĴһǰĴս˳ͬҲǲϵı׷ɱǱϵһ֮С
ΣķɱѾǱˣ֮еʴˮ޷ʴ壬Ѿ¶ɭɭ׹ǣצȻõ㣬ҲòȥȻ߾ܵҪͻ

Ұֻ֣һȺҰռϢ֣ڶĬĬţԴһ֮ǰ﷢һս֮󣬽ľ˵عۿս
ǿɲ֪ͷħȻ²ɵǸʥȻ൱Ĳ࣬ǵļ֮󣬾ȻϹԹ־ܣ֮»뷴ɱǣǿЦ֮̾⣬ҲҺԣ
һͷոĭɵһ֮ǰǳս
֮УһλµЦݵʵûӳȥأ
ĿһۣȻڹΪʲôҪôɨ˵⡣
Ȼͷħ޶ˣȴɹͻΧһúûӣ̫أӵʱ˿չɱж
ߣһӳȥˣǷֿӵģǵĶ֣䵥¸˵ˣһȥˣûǵϢ϶ѾĲˡ
Ȼʲô̧ͷ˵ˣ˵ѩģҼǵõ岢ûвμӽɱħ޵жôЩˣ
ȻǸЦſڵʵĻûشһ⡣
ʲô⣿
Ե֪ôǲҲ˽ɱ
ʱͦţ԰ĵǵȻҲֿһأ
ǾˣϵЦͻȻ͸һŨŨɱǣҵѣΪǱˣ
عۡһ죬һѪɫıѾǳ塣
㣬㡭Ȼ޷ʵҰĵ̣Ȼ˸ܵԼĵɱԼ
Ҳ࣬ҽҶģܿͻкܶͬȥˣ
Ѫ䣬ǿݿֱ࣬ӳԴɱĻʶ׻ٵ
Ѫһһöֽ֣֮ӹĵͰʵҪ׷ɱǵ
ȻҶѩˣҰִһǰǳսϣܹҵǵټ
ߣ
ɱҶͷҲصת뿪ȥһطǼټʼռţǺûֻãã磬ҪܴǵϢ
ŵǿߵķһ·׷ȥ
֮һ޴ĳǳǰȻ۵Ļཨĳи޷ȣȴһİΪʵ̫ˣǳžн׸ߣվڳ£̧ͷܿŵ֡ǣ
˵ռ֡
ȻڣǣҶֺȤֻһ·СǣûдκõϢڵ֪֮Ҷ;
Խ󣬼еԽ࣬ȻϢҲԽͨ
ߴĳţУһֲʵĸо׵Ĵ֮ϣܿ࣬Ҳָܿ࣬ܿͷͷİ˰ޣ
ϲģ࣬¸ܱΣҲҪȱһ룬ȹ˵
һԴİ˰ޣоȻһȣһһҡͷԣʮֻ
磬ҲͼֲˣҶ˼ȫѰҺϣȻκ顣
ѾԼŴ˼ޣܵĲ׽ǵĶԻ
ȻһλĶУʱΪ֮һ
˵ûУ£
ֿ˵
һ£ǰʱ䣬弸׷ɱͷħ޵ʱ򣬾ԭȻķһסĴׯ


1132 
Ҷһâķһ¥ۼһȺλûȫ߱࣬ڸ̸ۡ
ļٵģԭ֮оȻׯЩ࣬Ҳ̫˰ɣ
һƭǣҺһλ˿֮׿ڸҵģңѾ׼Ҫǰׯˣ
֮ãҶҲ˴µ˽⣬Ȼ֪ļѡ
Ȧʳû˿ϡ
ȻҶܣȴģڶ˵ҪҵǣȻȻҪԭ֮ׯչԣһħ޾ҶȻ֮ˡ
ߣǽ¥
߽¥ѡ˸۵Ľ䣬һ衣
ȻǷཨĲ¥ǲèνĲǼҶϵˮݳģһζȫ˺Ȳı⣬Ҫ֪ĲʵҲǧеһ֣֮ͬһλΪľ֡
ѧ฽ӹţȴûѧֻǿζѡ
ҶȻȥܶ˵Ĳ裬ǸȺĶԻ
̫ࣿˣþûпˣٺ٣˵ʲôҲȥʲôʱ򣿡
Ӧþˣģһ֪ʱ䣬Ҿͻǵġ
֣ղŲ˵𣿻һʲô
˵ȤˣǰҰһͷɱ˿Ϊ
ⷬҶһû뵽ȻǺԼйأ˴˶һ֮ҶɫԵ֮ˮķʽıԼòͬʱҲ˳ѩ˵òԼӵˡ
Ǻ£Ϊ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҵ֮ǰҶ̣ܱܡ
ʲôȤģ磬첻
ż˵갡ɱ㣬Ȼˣ
ҲҪ磬µ͸ǣǶҪİ
԰ֺȻѹң˵ʱں˽һǰս飬Ӧǽ֮ͱɱˣԣ˲²⣬˿ºȺħһģ
Ҷʶԭ磬ȼɭϵı׼֮дûгʵ۷ֵ壬ͱΪµǵ˶Ҫ
ôܣȻħ޸
˭֪أĿǰֻǲ²⣬ʮ֮˵Ѿ˱ʼ˵ˡ
ĶԻûʲôֵˣҶȻٵ飬תﳤȥǸո뿪ۼָǵıӰ쿴쿴ǲ£һ£
ǣǣߣǸȥҪǵĻץסǣǴһ
һȺû룬ֻǸ߽޵ĲļһȻľ͸Ҷ˵뿪ˡ
Դˣȫװ֪һµй˰ʱ֮Ųš
һ˵ĵطͬʱ֣ɾĽȺȫУֻֻϢͨ֡
ҶѾѧİϧֹĻ꼼ֱӴӶԷȡļ䣬Ҳɱ
Ҷɫ˪ʵ֮ͽǰԭ֮еǸׯô򵥣ΪΪׯιһֻħޣҪȫ𣡡
ϢҶѪҺķΪ࣬Ϊ˺ǣΪ
ңȥǸׯȻɱˣ
֮Ҫѩ£ΪҶǽΪǱϾΪ壡
Դˣ޶˶һ֮ͬʱҡͷҶ磬Ǹһȥ
Ȼѩ綼Ϊ壬ȴԼһȣڱԭʱҲ𾴣ټǺͺĹϵҲǼΪУԴ˿̣ȻȫվҶߡ
ðɣ򲻵ѣǲҪ֣
ҶΪԼų⣬ΪˣԾܵĲϣǵմȾѪ
ԭһƬĻ߲ԭӲݣˣڴϸߴʮףһˣ׽ﵱһƬ֡
һЩӴ˵ֵطʵ̫ȫǶ˵ĻȴǾѵı֮
ǰһȺӳʿǷǱҽһģСĴׯʼնûбκ෢֣ѵõĹһΰӡ
ȻѾ˾ͷΪ֮֮ϺȻһƬƣֽׯΰΧ


1133 Կʼ
ԭ֮У˼Сׯеȫɫ԰ס
һٶֻ֮࣬вһʿе㹻ԴȥʵߣֻǷˣܹԿôһȺڵ
һصˣصʵӲͷƤɵ˿УΧڶҾλǰ֪ݹ٣кιɣ
࣬˵ʲôԼ˽ѾǷȻҵħޣһȣǾҪɱˣ
Ⱥ߳һλòˣѾӵΣʵﵽľ磬Ҳ鳾ӸĮעˡ
ͷ󺹣ϵĳҾ֪ͷħλǰ׷ɱĶ󣬾ĵҲݣίʵǲ֪λǰ̧֣һ·ɣ
ðȻǸ˿ڣ¶һ˿ЦҲǲˣҲ͸һᣬڿʼʮϢʱ䣬ǿܣжԶܶԶʮϢ֮ǾҪɱˣ
ɫʱòҰޱȣʮϢʮʱ䣬̵Ĳٶ̣ʿ˵ʱ䣬Ҳܹܳȥһľ룬Ƕڽͨ˵׶һܳȥ
˾Ҫɱˣ
˼ҾλǰǣŹһΰɣԸǻȥµ˳ҲУ
˳裬ĳͬһЩСèСΪһ
ߣ
ɫͻȻһ䣬˫֮͸һɲбϢһȭͳ˺˹ȥּۻۣ
鳾Ȼ˵
ȭֱ˵ϣ͵ֿûУʱͱķ飬Ѫ⣬ͬһ¡
Ӵ󲮣
һҽд·ׯдһʮᣬſƮµѪ꣬ҪȥƴȴλסͶ
˸ո۳ȥһλƴˡ
£
һСŮŵһ¾˵Լĸ׵ĻУĸ§Ů
˵ҲǺòȥǺ˲Ѫȵľһȫ
ɱ˵·һٶ˵ڿʼʱ䣬ʮϢ֮Կʼ
Ҹƴˣ
һλͲסһһգǿߣصʵ
žһ֮һλٵһһֱӴߵüĴһѪ˫ĿŭĲʺΣصˤȥ
ϲ
ҺӴׯ֮д
ˣܣֿܣжԶܶԶ
ڣһλ׳վ˳Ѿ˺;ɵ˵˴ǳ⡣
ȻʮϢʱ䣬ܲԶһٶ˷ֳһٶм˿ԽҵĻɡ
󲿷˶ʼܣΪܹӴļʣɷ򲻵òĺԼӷֿ߲òԼĺߡ
վڿеڶϲ֮ɫŪע·ܵȺǵ죬Щˣһ
˵ʮϢʱ䣬˵һٶ򣬾ٶٱˣٸЩ˰ٱʱ䣬ҲӳƬԭ
θҲҺұȱȿ˭ɱࣿ
ѾʼĦȭƣͬʱҲֵǱȱȣĵͷԵȤ
УϴɱʮˣɱʮĸȾͱȣ
һλͷ׵ߣվм䣬̾˿ϧЩ˵ʵ̫ˣҪǿͺˣɱսԣŹ̼ͷӦøʴ˵һԺץеĸ磬Ҳöˡ
һλϣʵﵽ֮Ҳʵǿģɱࡣ
Щôߣģɱû˼ˣУ취
֮ʮ˷ߣԼΪۣһʱ䣬ΪȡĻĻᣬԴ˿Ȼվڴׯ֮У֮ɫ
ϣ
ͻȻһһ˵Ľűߣŵţʮ߲׵ķΧ֮ըƵòϵĿʼƶܡ
һЦ˰ɣֵǣҶ氡
Ȼ̾ͣ׷׼·Щߵ࣬Ҳɱǣֻǵ߲ϷƵǲò
ˣʼλòһֵʮϢʱѵʱ俪ʼ


1134 ŭɶ
𣬳尡
ɱ˭ɱĶ࣡
һ£̻⣬ɢӵЩ׷ɱ˹ȥ
ۣ
һʵڳصʿѾ߾ܵܳȥǧ֮ңȻһìȴͬһ㣬Զ˹ֱӶ壬ӲĶ˵֮ϣȫܵơ

һҽͬһʿӺϮһֱצ˺ԴѪӲȴǰȥʮ֮Ȼء
񫣡
ͷɺͷ򲻶ϵѪʹ죬һȥ׷ɱࡣ
һԣһɱЩʵٴﵽϵǸû˿ķ֮ҽ˷˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿʮǵϡ
û˼ɱ̫ˣԶɣ
ι࣬ţǽ󷢴ȱٸǶʮϢʱ䣬ƴܰɣ
ʱȫͣ˿УɷĴ̸ЦǸղѾɹɱ˷̣ܵʱʱıһôЦ
ǵ·ڷǰţÿ˵϶Żֱ֮̿ɫȻﶼ֪Լ׶༪٣ȴȻһ˿Һϣ
ʮϢʱܿȥˣǲû̼ɱֵȴһ֮Żŷֱ˳ȥ
ΣԶѾ֮ܵ⣬ʺ׷ɱˡ
ҵģ
ȿģ
ͬʱ׷һ࣬˭ҲϷ˴ڿдִţ·Ǹȴĵѡ
ͬΣƬԭ֮ڲϵţ˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮ˱׷ɱ
ǸŮĸףĵıţСŮȻŵɫףȴµҧأԼһֻǽ§Լĸ׵Ĳӣ»ǡ
ﻹһԣҿ׬ˣһ˫񰡣
ͻȻλĸŵöʱ˫ȷһصˤڵأȴȻԼŮߣߣ
СŮĿţ˫֣߾ܵҪסԼĸףﲻߣﲻߣҪ
ԼŮĸ棬֮Ƕһʯһ
ͻȻĸ׵ɫˣΪԼǰͻȻһ˫ţţһ˫޳˳ȻסԼŮ
ĸҲ֪һѾ˵˫ϣ˫ֽ§סĿ޺ſҵŮ㣬ŹɣС갡ɱңɱҰɣҲˣˣ
˭
ʱĸͻȻ֮ĸ΢΢һ㶣̧ͷһѪĺɫ
һݷԾĵ𣺡ɱǵˣ
䣡
һ޴ıըĸԸоһǿҵ˴Լӿ˹ͬʱһһȻȫѪ
㣬ڣ˭Ҳɱǣ
һ͵ĸ׵ڿԼǰһһµˣƵĿԼĻУԼŮ
˽СŮݸĸ׵㣬һ£ȥȥ
ĸ״ŵãȻӹŮһ̣ǰһǰѾʧȥǸ˵Ӱ󣬸ղ׷ɱĸӵǸҲʧ٣ֻصѪ
ˣǶ
ţһͬһ㣬ֱԭ˾ҵĲһǿУиԲǧ֮ڵӲݣʮˣֱӱ屬ըһ̲ࡣ
һѪӰ˫Ŀ죬ѪҺ纣ͬһսһ֮У
ˣȻҶԭ֮죬ڸղΪܵŷҲû֪ͨѩˣԸ˹
۵ΣŭɶһׯϰȻһɱԼûе֪ϢֵĻôȺһҲ
ͻȻֵҶȻסˣһֱëȻ
һһֻѾˣعҶʣ˭
һֻѪɫͻȻճ֣ͬһɽһ㣬Ȼ¡
¡
ֱӱָĳ촷ۡ
ҶûشĻֱжԼ̬ȣ
࣬
һֵòˣ񿴵ҶȻͻɱԼˣﻹܣȻҶ˹ȥ


1135 һһ
ҶģһеĽܳ֮ľ磬ţ嶼˺
ѣȻȫͬһһâ¶ҪҶС
ҶĿĿͻȻžһȻͬץСһֱס˶ԷĲӣӲĽ
һĻٴסˣĵһ֣ܽһλץסʲôʵ
ſ
λ峤ϣԼһδϣȻץסˣһҲһ⣬Ҷ˹֮侹Ȼз״֮
б׼ֵĻĸС磬սȻҲر
ȻҶ˵ûʲô̧һֻ֣УһֻѪɫڿи֣ͬͬץСһ׾ٵľͽλϸŲ
һһҶǰȻû˿֮ͱƣһһץס˶Լ۾
ʲôʱǿ
㣬ģֻԼĲӶҪˣԷ֮кȻ֮ƾԼŬҲ޷ѣʳ仰
ңģ
壡
򵥵֣ʱбڵ֮е༤Լͬ飬Լͬ壬ҾȻǿ
˵ɾͲһϢˣΪȻҰǴûгֹ飡
㣬֪˭𣿡
ϼѵ³һ仰
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ž죬עҵǾһȺҪ
壬Ϊʮ֮һΪӴиλݺư꣬û˸ǡ
Ȼ쾹Ȼһ࣬˵ֻһȺֱǳ裬˸޷ܡ
𣡡
峤ϵͻȻһɫìͨ岼·ɢſֲϢֱҶ˹ȥ
ì֮ϣ˸⣬ת֮ռѣ¶ɫգܹһ񲻿ɵ
ҶһĨЦվԭһƺ׼Ӳ˳ì
̫ˣ׻ìȻӲӣ
ˣᱻ׻ճɻҽӶʣ£
ҶԶˣȻǰʱȴ̲ס֮޲׻ì̾ܽҶ̴С
׻ìۿžͿҪ̵ҶǰҶͻȻһ󣬽Լŵţ׼˴̹ìͷ

峤϶ʱѣæҪԻʶ׻ìı䷽Ȼʶոյִ׻ìĸһɸӺ纣ǿʶͻȻ֣׵Ľû
ۣ
׻ìȻ󣬵ǲδֱܷ꣬ѣû˿ֱӶŵš

췢һҽУ֮Ͻһɫ棬ȼգ˲ͽճ˻ҽֻʣһԴ
ͻȻüĴѿһֻĴָСɫչɳֻ꣬Ҫ겻ôٲ᳹ȥ
ϧҶôܻŹ꣬ͫȻֱӽޣɢڿ֮С

峤ϿзʹĺУֶɱ˱š
ĵҶɳɱˣӽ쿪ʼͽܵ׷ɱӳҲûãݣ
׷ɱңģǲңҲȥǵģңһһ壡
ҶЦһ϶Ȼꡱһ죬ӲĽԴ
ͬüĳǵȴȴһߵıͷųʮɫ֯һޱߵĴֱӽסҶǰ
Ҷüķһ⣬ɨ꣬ҪûʲôԼõϢȻոɨһ㣬֮¶֮ɫ뿴ҵļ䣡
䡱һҲӲȻԱȻҲɱҶ
ո֮£ܳƣװ׸ѡ
ת֮䣬βμԵ־ȺҶУЩŵ˶ŵɫ԰ס
࣬һ̶ɫۺᣬҶ־ǣһˣΪǳһڴĶ
ȻҶûп峤еȫ䣬ȴ˽ԵḶ́еʬӵһԣϸֳһ˿Ц˵ڣҸʮϢʱ䣬ǿܣܶԶܶԶʮϢ֮ҾҪʼˣ


1136 ɫԵ
֮֮
Ҷǽ仰˼ȫڹ͵λˣղ˽ڶ൱ʮϢʱܣȻʼɱȻҶҲͬ˶Դǡ
ɫ˲ԵӦ֮죡
㵽˭ѵ𣿡
Ȼв˿ڶҶʣҶĻӦܼ򵥣âһһ҆£
Ǹոջŵ׻ìͻȻ𣬷ɵУһ
׻ìڿлһɫâźХֱ֮Ӷ˵ţҴǰɳȥ֮󣬡ﬡһ˵¡
˫ĿԲĲžֱֱһʬ
䡱𣬽ʬɣճ˻ҽ
ղţоķɱһ࣬ڣҶۻۡ
һ£˶ʱ˵ѵʶˣͻȻֵ࣬ޱȵǿƣҪԼȫɱϺŶͬ߹һױɱԼЩ˾㱧һҲԲĶ֣Լæתʼܡ
ҿߣֿӣÿһ򣬻ŵҪ֪֮ͨ峤ʴˣ
ĳָܣһĻֺ͸ղ߼
ȻǿĶˣ͵ҲгʵмģʮϢʱ˵㹻ܳԶһξˣǵҲڰңɢߣҶٶٿ죬Ҳܽȫɱ
˿̣߸ϣ磬ϵˣɥ֮ȮһûĿʼܣһ׷ɱ
ЩԶҶûгƽվ
а룬϶˵ļƲߣȻɱˣǿɱˣһܹôĶ֣Թ˵仰Ϊľǽȫߣսʤ
ʮϢʱת˲ţʱԶѾϰԶҪˡ
˻࣬ȷҶļƲߣ޿չɱͬʱ׷ɱô಻ͬˡ
ȻʱҶͻȻˣȻһɫĳ֮ϸһѪɫĻ棬ţǹһ˵ǰʧ
һ˲ѾǸܵԶ˵һȭӳһۣٴʧ
һ˵ʱǱ߲ŴһĲҽУ

ղ˵屻Ҷһȭķѣը˿
ҶڵʵѪ֮ڵطٽӦ֮ͽƶٶ֮죬Ѿﵽ޷ĵز
˵ĲҽȻûĿ񱼣ȻҶٶʵ̫ˣܹ˲ƶһʮĵط֡
֮ȻвҽѪ֫
ߵԭ֮ϣ˷Ĳҽ屬ըһƬһһŵѪڸ򲻶š
Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ѾҶУһȴѾɵǧ֮⣬ڿп̻һռ֮ţֻҪôҶٿ죬Ҳûа취ˡ
Ҷӿ۳һѪɫ󹭣£һ֧ɫļգ˳ȥ
˵һֻŶѾ˿ռ֮ţȻۡһһ֧ɫֱӴü֮ʬ׹档
ˣӳʮϢʱ£ȻԾûһܹߣȫҶУ
ҶͬһսһվڿУɱӿԶмڼݣӦо˵صǡ
Ҷԥһºû׷ȥȺ޹صˡ
Щ֮󣬱ȻὫ֮ȥҲζţӽԺҶҲٸ׷ɱˡ
ǣҲ֪ģǲ֮ӦþܹҵϢˣ
ҶЩĿģҪ磬֪ҶĴڣǺֻҪûĻһϢʱԼǻ͵ļʡ
ΪҵǣҶ±׷ɱҲϧ
Ѳ࣬ͬһ㣬Գ羴ĿעҶȻԼͬȫȥ
ҶջĿ⣬һӣһɷ·޾ӿȻڲͬطȫЩ˸ӵ
â£һƯĶе㲻ʵŮȻѩɷ硣
ʵ͵ˣֻǸʱҶڴɱ䣬Ǳû¶棬бЩࡣ
¾ۼһȻѲÿ˵ȻŨŨİˣΪжʮͬ飬ûˡ
лǰ
ٴζҶлǸղűҶСŮǴŵߵҶߣ˫סҶ·
壡
ҶĽֲȥδɵۣЦŵԣ


1137 
λǴһ£ǰʱ䣬ǲһֻħ·
Ҷĵ⡣
һվҲ֪ǲħޣһͷкɫƬľǣ
仰ʱҶһԿ϶ǾǺǡ
ʵ׷ɱĺǣֻкħޣĶ࣬Ҳ⡣
ΪǺͺһԱΪȫħޡ
ͷôˣȥˣ
Ҳˣǰ˺ͷǱضϵǳȻҵæ˵˾
ǰҶбŵǸСŮڴׯˣʱ򣬲СܵеԶˣû뵽һͷ͵ȼҰޣۿҪҰ޳ԵʱһͷͻȻ֡
һҧҰޣǽԼҲصԵڵأ˻ԡ
ǱĿϹ˾ǣѯ֮£֪ǾǾ
ǴǾͽŅ̀˴ׯҪƣʵ̫̫أûʲôҩֻܼ򵥵ĸ˵ҩ
һ֮󣬾Լ˹죬Ͳ𣬱ǻ֪ô£ǾھǸո뿪ʱм˳֣ʶӦǾһ˵ټΪ˲۴Լ뿪ˡ
ҶǵĽѾ϶ͷǾǺǣ
𿴺ΪħޣԸ°ʵĵطǳȻҲԼ˵»ž
֪֪ĸˣ
֪ԭݱȷӶߣܿ;ı˷򡣡
⵹ʵԭô󣬺Ҫܵˣֱܻ߷ߵġ
֣㵽ﰡ
Ҷ﷢һ̾
Ȼ𣬴Ҷ˼壬ܲһ𣿡
ҶعŲյС֮ϳ֮ɫȻСŮѾղŵŻˣʶҶǿ֮ϣҶܹˡ
Ҷûϻش𣬶ǳ
Ѿ֪ļѣȻˣܲܣԼɱôˣƱػõϢʱȺˣֻ·һס
ֻԼҲǷ
ѩ迪ڵҶ磬罫յ뿪֮ٽǷųɣ
лˣ
ҶԸһ뿪ϢʱʱҲк˵ԼҶ᲻Ϊ׸
İɣģ
ҶʼȻСȻСİ壬ôܲȥҵĸ磿
СŮҶȻܾ̾ʵôˣ
Ҳ֪ҸҲģϧûܺһߡ
С̫С˵Ȼ̫Ҷĸס
ĸӿᣬʵĽľ
һĿڣһ˫ŮԭԼ磬֮ǰСոճûãͻȻһȺˣץס͵磬ӴԺ͹جΰ
ʱɷѾˣŶŮӲдĻǰҵ˻ᣬ˳
Ҳܸһӳģͷ֣ͦһ֮ס׷
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫΪܹĸ׶ͨˣȻǵĶӣȻܹһ֮ס
֮ǰĶӲŲѣĺӣʿǿȥ
ǵģҶʿոʱ͸˵ԴʲôĹúǿǿʼС˵ҲûȻʱ򣬾ȻͽִһֻҰ˵ʲôƷıޣҲΪ£ǲŻᱻץס͵硣
Ҷ˶סˣ
ƷޣǾ൱Լʮ꣬ڵõѪ֮ƴɱߡ
ȻһĺӣͽִһֻƷޣʣʵˡ
ղ˵ԴĹ
λĸ׵ͷǶͨˣ֪ʲô˼ҲʹһЩʿҲ
ͻȻڵм䣡
Ҷ˵ͷǵģֻֿܣСкʱ򣬾;ԼĴм䣡
˵Скϣ϶ֹһλǿվ۷֮ϵ֣
ңСкҲȻžޣܾѴм䣬нʷҲںΡ
㣬һûгʲôʿ
ûаǷ޼ﶼͨˣûгʿ
Ҷüͷʵڳ˳ûǿĸ֣ܻдм
㣬գʲô
Ҧҷս
ս
ʥս죡
ҶжȻð֣


1138 һֻ
Ҷ֮յĸ֪Ĳ࣬սĸȴ֪һͻӹ˵λʥս졣
ս죬ǰֵһλǿߣԵУս£Ҷ֪Ĺȫ
¼֣ҶԿ϶ӦҲǵõѪе֮һҲ˵ͬнħԯ콾׽һԼʦ֡
㣬ǵסĸ磿
Ź磡
ҶȷˣǰλķңǴʥսĺ
Ź磬ͬڱӡʮ֮һֻʮеˣпܵõѪĴС
Ϊʲôսĺ˾Ȼ֪ϳֹһλǿܾܿǺ͵ħһΪԼ˺ˣԼĺ˲׼ԼĹϵ
ȴǽԼһѧĵĲؽ˺Ѫ֮Уһ죬սһܹݼ䣬ݴУӶսĻԻ͡
Ѿˡ
壬Ź˵Ǹ磬뿴
ĻҶĶ𣬿СŮ㽣Ĳ΢΢һ
ճʱ򣬾ͱ˴˾Ź磬ӴԺ磬˵ֱǵҲֻĸ׵Уһ硣
ҶḧСģؼҵģ
ȻҶûҵ֮ǰ֦ĸŮݲͬԼʦֵĺˣԼԲ֮
ңԼҲûеطȥѰҺǣ취ʦֵĺ˾ȳ£ܲúǵ֪
Ҧ㣬֪һץסģʲôط𣿡
֪Ҧٴ¶˱ʹ֮ɫΪɱĻ뵽ǶβʹľɢΪиһ֮ˡ
ǱصĵطʯйȣץǵǴ壡
壡
ߣҶ˸µ˽⣬֪ǿһΪ壬ԣǺʥ֮ȴǧ˿Ƶϵ˵ĺе˵ʵǴ˵һ
ԵǿȴӹɵģˣȾӵһλãҶϵӦ֮ᣬԻ͸ҵġ
ȥ֮⣬繲ʮΪǿƣȥ֮⣬Ҳм峤ھ죬Ϊ
ǺӦ˵ӰأʵϾʵ̫ǿԱΪۡ
ֻһΪ࣬ųܹգΪ̫Ĳˡ
ʮ֮д󲿷ֶǱ࣡
磬һλ˲õĴ£֮Уಢʥ޺֮⣬̫гʼĴڡ
˵˾һֱ˵ĴɽףȻǺ嶼ʮ壬ڵľްԡ
ҦŵûҵĻӦûǵϡ
ս죿
Ҷ΢΢һҦӵ֣̫Եսҵʥս컹Ҫϼָҡ
ս죬ս죬ƵȴԼͬһֻһ㣬һܾѴмĺӣֻҪ䣬պĳɾͱȻϡ
ⲻıԼĵģǲͬ⣬ʹ޴ֻ֣ȥˡ
ҶЦЦӦܵսӰ죬ԲŸ֡
Ҧ㣬ʯйʲôطжԶ
ʯйʲôطҲ֪˵Զһٶء
ͨ˵һٶصȷǺԶһξˣǶҶ˵㲻򿪿ռ֮ţȫеĻҲ͹ˡ
οĸһ֮ҶͽҲ˺ʱȻ˳˳һ֮󣬾ͰҶȥս죬磬һú֪ҶˣҲܽעеҶϣӶǵѹ
һҶԼͽ뵽޴Σ֮УĴȺǸΣգϾ࣡
ԴˣҶֻ̾˿ֻҪܾȳǣ¾ԵΣ
ȻҶѶȻҲû飬˳ҲٻغʱҪҶսѾ¶ݣһ˺Ҳûʲô
һ뿪ԭ۷ǣҪʯйȵľλãȻȴõһϢ
ռǵͬʮ֮һ壬һһλ٣ɳǰأصĴӪ
ǧ֣ǲǧ֮ң
ߣҲȥλף٣˳㣬ս򴩼ҪϢ


1139 
ǧڹ죬Ϊԣڶ۳ɵ״֮£ɢǣһһء
Ȼλʮ֮һȴȻĲΪݵϰߣǽϡ
СѣҲͬһһȥΪ׳ۡ
ǧֵ˵ӵ֮Ĺλʾͷֱռһꡣ
Ϊһλ٣ǧΪҴߣɱۣǺˡ
ȻǧֵڴȴǾۼ൱ǶǴӸظΪλףٵġ
Ȼֻһλ֮һʵӣټĵλȻвҪϹϵ
Ϊ绹ûпʱڣ֮⣬ʱڣԴȻû
Ⱥľۼһ̸ڵĴ£ȻҶҲıò켣С
Ҷϣԭ֮ߵЩ壬Ѿ¼˳ȥ޵Ŀ
Ͼ磬һλûκ࣬ҽ磬һɱˣš
ҾòܣİˣҰǸһµ࣬ôĵӣ
ģѵûѾɳϵǰ𣿾ΪѰ࣬ݺô꣬ʲôʱԹִҪǲץס࣬ǵǶˡ
ȺеҶ˳˶һۺ΢΢һЦٶȹȻܿ죬żѾʼˡ
Ϊڳ󣬸ûᵽ飬ԻбҪֵٴ㣬ǲп֪ܵ
ˣǻǲǵãһǰѪһΪҶѪˣȻ壡˵λ᲻
ԶԶԣô£ң˽˵˵ˡ˵ѹ˵磬ҽ磬зҵˣɳȥҶļ磬ȫ𣡡
ʲôȫ𣿲˵Ѿռ磬Щﲻ𣿡
У⻰ҲţȥˣȫǵȻ˵ʵġ
Ļôˣ
ô㣡ô£Ҳûʸ֪ڳﻮʲôıɣ
Ҷٴһ˵ʵҲܺ棬Ϊʲôڹʧ֮󣬾ȻϢģٷڿǵȷӦŸı
ѳɣʥ֮磬˶޷ƽȥõİΣ
ȥת˻⣬磬̸ܣ˶ӣǻҶҲɢܷйغǵϢ
һʱ֮ǧֳڷӡ룬ҶȻҲȺ֮У˽ȥ
ΪסȫϣȻǰٵıҲ˲ͬϣʱ֮У˴˼һľ룬Ҳһĸܡ
ҶȻѡһΪƫƧѣ䣬ǵĶԻͬʱҲڰ۲ܣѰŴ˵ټ
ڣһȺĹάУʮʯʿ׵Ĵ󺺳УұֱмһƬǴˡ
ưʱΪ֮⣬嶼ǲٴɫ֮Ȼݡ
Ҷʶɨʮˣʵǿһλ˶Ǵ磬Ϊʮ֮һ
ʱһλŴΪ׵ֵʯþòˣϴǼһǰĶϣǸСս̫ޣҼ°
ֹˣǸսȷǶˣʱȻսġ
ʱһ꣬Ҳڴжı仯ˡ
ᣬһͳǽʿΪս裬Ǳ˴˶սݡ
ڸڲսսעıȡ棬ˣÿĶᣬ˵嶼ڴһʢ¡
ҶǶԴйţ֪ĲǺϸȻڴӴ˿˵ǸСս裬ȴͬʱһ
пܾս죡
ȻѹʯǸսûȤ
У
ʯȻܾεĶ׼Ǹսһʣôܸ
һЦʯӦ˵˰ɣʽףΣ
ǴʣûиκˣЩ嶼иԵϢִ֪ܲ¡
ʲôף
Ǹܹһ֮ɱôˣ˵ʵߣΪս裬ӣһܴŪٺô
Ҷ¶һ˿Ц徹ȻԼϣҪԼս衭


1140 
ʯ˵ȤȻ֪ҪԼʲôףѵǸѾץˣ
ûУˣѾȥѰ䣬ʯӦҲҪˣһָҾʯףץǸ֮󣬺͹彻Σ
ӵеǸսսĻǵھҪҶȥһܹн˵࣬ʵȻǲɡ
ʽƺͦоͬĻռ˱ˣʯҲɵһЦ֣ȻǸôΪʲô岻ԼţҪǽأ
ʵҵŮϹǸսˣ
ʲôʯ֮ɫ˵֣ŮȻῴһࣿ
ʯˣŮͻСֻǾǸս棬Ҫѣ
ʯ۹һ˸֮ɣ̸ЩΪʱ磬彫Ǹץס֮ҿʵٿʽס
ã
ʽʼһλ֣Ҳǽɣĸף衣
ȻַǰأǴҶҶ磬ʲôʱ֣
ﲻУ뿪ǧ֣š
ǧڵأһλټôص壬ҶǿﶯֵĻҲܹȫˡ
ĸȻ뿪һɽ֮ϣӸ£ԽƬǧ־۵ףֻҪ뿪Ŀ
һʱȥڽص½뿪󣬴һȺ˲Ƶĳ֣ǵģλ鼫Ϊ硣
üͷҶ磬սӦʲôܣ֪ˣ뾡취Ҫս
ҶҲڳţҪ˵սϵܣӦþǴʥսĴУô֪
ʱ˳ڵսڶʩչսеĹսǡϳˣҪץסս죬ĿбʳһЩ
ҶѾйѪһŵ飬򵥵ĸ˳ˣҲ֪սĴڡ
пܣϣͷܹһ·Ǿ˳潫Ҳˣ꣬Ҳܹõ𰸡
ȻҶ˼ǧ֣ǰֻ֣Ҫ䵥Ȼˡ
ƺ춼ڰҶĹȻһ·͵˽֮⣬ضΣȻвûɢȥ
翴ҶҶ磬𣿡
Ҷһ֣Ǳ𶯣ǵʵǸߣ
ȫǴ൱鳾䣬˳Ŀǰֻ鳾ıʵȻǶ֡
ᣬץסѶȾʹˣȻﶯԾеðգҶƾԼ˵ʵӦܹȫˡ
˺Ѿ׼ڴ˵طָǣͻȻ֮оһŨɱǵض˶ɫһߡ
Ҷ˳ǵǰ
Ҷɱ۾ɵҲ֪߲ƣ˸Ͳ뵽ǰ֮˾ɱ˵Ǹ࣬ҲôţϾ绹ûв۵ĸҶǶ֡
һ˳Ҷ˺ʲôˣ
ɱǵˣ
ҶԼɱ
һ仰˵꣬һȻЦСһӵǲСѵ㲻֪ĵĻ㣬˵ĸˣǵȺҲ󣡿˵ǾĸȺģΪ£
ҶԵ֮ˮԼ˵ıȫΣϢˣŻΪ塣
ҶһЦղŻ˵Ҫҵս裬ôھͲʶˣ
ʲô
ɫȫˣǰ˾ȻǴɱǸ࣡
ʵ嶼ѰҶ䣬Ͼ࣬ĹУȻû뵽ǵûжĳĵϣֱҪɱˣ⵨Ҳʵ̫ˣ
عɫһ࣬ԼģԹҵսɣ
£ֱӳֱ֣۾Ȼĥ̴СץҶ
ԼΪҶǿѵǿԼɣԸֵ
ϾҶɱУʵߵĲǴѣ֮䣬żĲġ
ҶзһߣͬԴӡӭԷơ
žһ죬ѪĽһֱֻ۶ʱ࣡
˵ҶʵԿˣ߹һأ˵ǿ壬͸һܹԿ˵ġ
οȻֻǷݣ屾ʹԱҶ׵ĸһֱۡ
𾪣Ŀɿڴ֮ȫɫǽʵĴڣȻһ֮У


1141 
˵ɫҲǱüΪѿΪղҶ˵ɱǵģҲǵΪɻԼûеడ
ſУȻҶгˣ磬ɲǼߣһȭԴ
ۣ
ֲԴʱը˿һֻС͵ĽɫҪѣȴҶֱӼո˿С
Ҷ˽ΪʲôսȤȻô뿪
һƼһȭͽһУֻʣ꣬ȻǸסڳ壬ȫԭأܶˡ
㣬ΪʲôҪɱǣ
ǷӦһȺ˽ʯһٴζҶʡ
ΪﻹҶ֪Լս֮йϵԸش𣬽ŲƶһƬƻã봩֮Уֱӳȭ
˹ͷͳƵ屬ը⣬ʮ˾Ȼҽеʵգ֮䣬ͱҶȫУֻʣʯһˡ
ʯϱձɫͻȻͷܣȻݣսӣʵǷǳˣ֪ԼԲҶĶ֡
ҶôܻߣֱӻһֻѪɫ֣ͬСһͽٸ
ͻȻҶоӰ֮ǧдһɾ޴֪ȻʷĴ򶷣ǲٵ飬˳˵ߣ
ѩʩչռ֮ţ룬ҶһץסʯһֳֻոһУЮ꣬󣬽С
һ˫ͬӴСľצͻȻڿг֣͵ŻδȫպϵĿռ֮ץȥֲȻռ֮Ÿѹҡҡ׹ۿҪ̮һλʸ˹ֱӻ࣬Ҫֹ뿪
ȻȴǶȻһĽ⣬һâ޼᲻ݣƵҲ棬æؾצռ֮ڱպϣҶʧ٣ֻһȺѾŵû겻
ʮҶ¾Ȼ֮ûУɱץӿֻʣꡣ
ô£
һͷߴʮ׵ľ𰣬зŭ֮ʳ֣ȻûסˣĿԼ˱ץߣ˼㣡
ǡ
һֻŵӿڣȻδ䣬ʵľצѾֱӽԴ飬һ껯âĿУ˲֪˸ղľ
࣡
ʶȻһɽӷ޴ѹѹΧЩʵԵ͵ֱӻһࡣ

Ҷ˳֮⣬ʱλԾɫʯŵ࣬뿪һжüҲƽεðҿԱ֤ƽ뿪磡
֮£ʯȻû߹ݣԴ֮Ÿ߸ϵ̬ȡ
ҶȻֱһ˦ϣðģҿ϶ƽ뿪ģҪȵЩ֮󡣡
ʯˣ
ӳڣûб˴⣬һλһ˸⣬ֱǳ衣
ոסǰǿˣҶͲں壬֮£ţֻԼƽ͵ѣ֮һЩᣬҶһǱѺõ̬ȵġ
Ѻã
ҶЦһ㲻սѵѺõı֣
ᣬᣡ
죡
Ҷֱո֮һȭʯԴɾĽ˳
ҲúЩǷϻˣǴģˣûѧѧ˲ٽթգǹԼǵꡣ
ʯںˣֱ廹Ҫ壬Ҫ£Ǳ촩ɽףͭƤǣϵʯʿ׶ƤӲޱȣȻȴԷһȭ͸ҳɷĩ
Ҷʶסʯ꣬ʼļ䣬ʯûӲԱꡣ
ҶɫȴԽԽΪʯУս죬һֻʮĺӣʱһУ
սȻ;˴м䣬ǱϾǷţµһĹսûгɳҲʩչ
Ȼ֪սݣǿǱҪһǿս裬Ը̵ֲķʽѵ
˵ʱսȫǹŷ˵ʱǻıԵкüΪ˵̫أɽ֮гһ֮ãûûû˹ܣӲǿһŹģ
壬Ҫȫ壡
Ҷŭһץסʯ꣬һ


1142 ѩһ
ʯ걻󱬵ʱ֪Լ׶༪ˣзɿתͷſ֮ܵ
Ҷûиᣬͬǿнʶ֮̽УԼҪĶ֮һƽ顣
˵û˼ʶʥսĳ֣ϳսԷѾ˼ҪŪԼУӶõʥĴУսСǷǳ֪ԼѵĴм¹شڴ֮УܵʵΪˡ
ô죿
˳˺ĬûҶʯпʲôΪǱȻǼΪҵĻ棬ȻҲὫ
죬Ƕľ֮գܲ취һҪսȳ
Ҷʱֻܽȷŵһߣרľȳս˵Ҷһʢ£Ū㶯ȻԼķʽ磬Ҳú֪ԼϢ
ʱѩͻȻóǿĽʯʯŹ⣬硣
ѩʯƬ֮˳¶ϲ֮ɫҶ磬ҵ˵ҵһͷޣֻǣͷ޿첻ˣ
βѩֻУҲֱ޵ĴڣһĻʣ磬ѩֲµ
ѩǰ仰ҶãǺ仰ȴ̽˵
˺ǵϢȻֻ֪˭ȴѾıԵ
βѩһǿҶ֪Ƕβ˵ƣΣˡ
裬ȥ𣿡
ԣ
ѩڵĵط˿ռ󷨣Ȼѩ򿪿ռ֮ţ˽УԽգֱӾѩ˵פء
һ羰ɽȣֳƬȪ飬ǽеͬɾ
Ҷڸû˼ȥʲôǼеҪͷޡ
Ӵǵһλߣ뷢԰ףƣľ硣
ѩǰ߼Ȼǲһ磬ͬѪȴǿ׵ķֱԷݡ
ѩǾ˺ĴУδĺʣλȻӡ
Ϊľޤ֮ϲ֮ɫ򵥵˵һѩһ
磬ѩһʵλͣΪǵϡ٣ֻ٣ʮҲǧ㣬ʵߵҲֻ
û壬ȻҲûкʱѩһƫһ磬ֱ֮ǰһλϣʾĳϣ֮ǰʶϵѩ裬ǿϣ
ȻҶ˳ѩһģľޤǵ֮Ȼһ˿裬Ͼࡣ
ҶѾϵɱƽ͵ľǰֻҵ
ɣ
ľޤǰ·Ҷ˸ں棬һƬ֣ҶһΪѾ˳ƬֿȻʵȴΪֶһƣƲԣС
֣ɫȻ˱仯Ȼʤգ˵ǰҲѩһˡ
󲿷ֵ˶Ǳű࣬һֻֻ׵ѩ׻վԺ;ĿҶǡ
ѩۿеʪܹԼˣ˵ǼΪϲõ顣
һѨǰľޤͣ˽ŲָŶڵֻ޾棬ҳȥѲӵʱֵ˻ƼأҪˣ˵֮Ȼ漣ͦڣ
ľޤҡҡͷû˵ʲô
Ҷ֣صĶľޤ˸л
ľޤڰ֣ʾǸϽȥˣ¾Ҳˣ
Ҷһ߽˶ڣ˳Ȼǽ
Ѩ󣬲ƽңһʯۣһҺ壬ɢŵ㣬Һ֮УһɫӰ
һ׺׳˫Ŀգ˿Һ֮е壬β͵ؿڣȻѣ˴ֻ֮мϸĽӡ

Ҷһ۾ϳ׳ݡ
Ψһһпʥ࣡
Ҷһμʱ򣬼йҪĤݵĳ嶯֪жôǿȻڣȻҪˣ
Ҷ˫ȭգͬǹͦε΢΢Ĳţʱƺ΢΢Ľһ졣
Ȼ֮䣬۾Բˣϴһŵļ촽ţ˼΢ŵҶû뵽ֵܻټ棬ϧҲˡ


1143 
ҶһǰϥǰĿ꣬˺۵壬ֹסķ
ǾŭɱŬѹţΪЩƳ˵ѾͬвʱϨ
˵ˣˣ
Ҷ壬ʶͻʶͬʱɢ֣һ֮£Ǽ߲ѡ
ȻҶѾ˽Ĵ׼ʼһ˿ϣֻҪֲܹͬһôҲܹһͬķ֮УӶ
ٻĿܣ
Ȼڣ˼ĴˣҲƬƬѿһ˿ǣͳʧɢˡ
ѾʧȥɵУһ˿΢ĹâܹǰҶҲһ׮Ը

Ҷڣϣ̳ҩ²ĴȺܹа취Ȼ
ʵҶ˵˳˼취ˣ˿¶ҡҡͷû˵ȻҲûа취
ѩ磬ӵǿ֮ľβѩǴʱҲֳͬĬ
ʵ̫ˣ¾˼Ҳһܹȵ
ҶģĲģѾǧҵȻȴֻĿԼǰ
ͻȻҶгһֻغ쳾Ƭɽ֮
ҶԴϣ֮º֮£ͬҩӵױȵ֮ͬ˵ˣѩҲ޲ߣȴ½ǴԵӲ˳ΣҶϣȻ漣֣
תߣǿȻ۳һƬ嶼һ˿˿ɫĴĹ㣬£üġ
̫ȥɽ֮Уеѩǻǳ
ľޤ¶ݣβѩľޣУʮҶΪ࣬Ȼܹͷųǿľϵ
𾪹ľޤȴҡҡͷˣ
ȻҶͣϵЩɫ㣬Ҳ֮ϨΪ˿޷κε
˵ֻƾһ֧ţѾ׶
Ѿˣٴοڣ֪Լ
ҶȣССڣڡ
˫ڿʼɢΨһԸϣҶܹȥȺʧɢĺСڡ
ҶͻȻָԼѪͬһСٲһĿУܽĻ˵
ΪСڵİΣԸԸ˵ľͻȥ
Ѫ֮壬ѪҺϵʥҩѪʱҶԼѪԾȹ⹫ԣûгɹǿħһ˿ö
ڣҶ޼ƿʩ£ֻԿԼѪܷаˡ
ҶԼѪͬӵһ㣬к£ܿͼԼµǸװҺĳӸˡ
Ŀĺɫ˱ǵѪζڶѩ̲סܵ˶ں
ľޤҲվ˶ڣٴ¶𾪵ȻѪ֮壬ѵѪ֮ˣ
ѩҶ˻ش𣬶ľޤȻ˵Ѫ֮壬Ҳûмʱ˿̣ϲҲ¶֮ɫҲѪҺܹ漣һλ˵µ޸ȹ
ѪҺҶɫʼ԰ôĹѾһѪ˳˵ͬһּĺ˺
ȴȻˣֻҪܹȻºȥԼȫѪҲϧ
ѪʼǴѵ˿ڣѪһСһݺģ˿֮ȻĿʼ˻䶯ֱһ˿˿ͷҪϸľ磬ƺ뽫
ˣ
˳˵¶ϣ֮ɫЩѩҲѩǼΪһ壬ȻҲϣܹ
˶Ϊܹʱһ˿ѾľͻȻм˿
ţ䶯ľȫʼѣͬɢĲľһήˣ
Ѫ֮ѪҲûã
ԭ˶Ѿӿһ˿ϣȻϣȻٴαķ飡
Ҷ鶼ҪɳۿôҪɹˣôֹһ˴
ʱľޤüͷӦǺѪ֮壬죡
󣬵ǴҶĶȴͬף
ȷͬѪʼ涫ڳʱӵѪ֮壬ĪֵٵʱѪҺɾȻѪеѪԶӿڣѪҺȫ滻ӶӵѪ֮塣
ľޤĻȴҶжȻһ磬һһѪģ


1144 ׹
ȻֻһѪѪȴ̺ŷ·޾ɢһϵΨҶİѹվҶߵ˳˶ֹסĺˣ޷ơ
ۼڶڵڶѩΪϵ͵Ѿֱӵͬһ˫ϥ˵ϣ
֮һɾϢͬƽֻ֣֮
ŵĴǿƵĴ߶֮£ȻѣԻƣƺ࿹⣡
˵ɫˣ˭ѪΪʲôӵ˿µͬѪԳֵĻͶ֮䣬ǻɻصѹ
ʵѪħµһų
ľޤĻҶһѣԼѪ֮壬ɣѪҺﵽʥҩЧǣԼӵѪڶʮ峤ĳ
Ȼû֪죬Ҳħ쾿ǷѪ֮壬Ҷۼ˼һ˿ñԵĶԲ˹ҵõ컯һ˾
Ѫ壬ҲûѪ˵רΪ˳ȫԼӵĳܻûЧ
ʵ߾֮󣬾ǵһͷһѪ̺ϴӵв˼벻ĺô˵ĳ
ȫʵľŨ۶ɣ
ˣҶųĳԡ
ųҶĪ壬ΪҪ磬ôҵƷ龧ʯȻĻһųһ̨ס
Ǵʱ˿̣Ϊ˽ҶԸų

û˿ԥҶͽųֱüģ
ͬʱΪ˱⳾̫ǿ󣬻᳹״ݻҶ룬Ȼʼ߶̺ľһ˿˿ӿ
һ˿쵽µѪӿֱӽǲȱţѪ뵽֮УѾһɫļ롣
Ѫ뵣ҶҲ޷͸Σֻʱ£߶еľ塣
ҶĶΪСģ˿ĲǿѪʼ֮ѭת
ģϵ˿֮ЩղѾðȴήľ磬ǵõĪһȻңľʼӶ֮ð죬ӡ
¶Ĺͷ֮ϣͬҲоԽԽ࣬ԽԽܼЩ羹Ȼ۳⣡
˶׹ǣ⣬¾ʦ˵ĳϵЧ˰ɣ
˳
ΪҩɹƳϵԻҳ֣ȻûƳɹ˳֪µ֮УϵЧ
ͬǰڷһ
һĻ漣ڳÿˣ
ȻֻҪʲô⣬Ӧˣܻø
Ҷɫƽž޲ȻĴ߶Լһ˿˿ǲȱ塣
ʱȥҶûϢƬ̵ʱ䣬ϵڴ߶ħ۵ĳһĴıԵ
ž
һü֮дסǸѪɫļϣ˿һͷ
Ƽ
ֻˣ
ͬʱǺҲֱɽ죡
һ̣˸ŵڷ
ţ˵һ仰Ҷ콫ߣָˡ
Ȼʱȥħų֮һɼ̺֮ǿԵֵ϶ʥҩ
ҶܾΪˣȴûȫԭȻһ仰ȴֻܵͷӦ
ǿܻûʱã
ͺ֮䣬빲Ľ飬ȻϣҲܺԼһҪȥҶҲûм֣˻
ֻ֪Եû֪Ҷ˶Ĵۣܻ˶޷ﵽе۷塣
ҶȥСڣ⸽һУȻֿߡ
Ҷͷ֪ˣúʱһȥָ
ģ˵ӷһǲɣʥǣ
˵仰ҶķˣǸӵǿڻˡ


1145 ҩ
ʧڽһѪҺټ첻ϵΪˣҶĽŲеǡ
˳סȥɣҲϽϢһ¡
ãû£ҶȻҡͷܾǶţȥˣѩĵ̣Ǳš
˳ʱҶ˼ɽ֮뿪ȥСڣһֵĻʱͻѩ壬ħ๴ᣬԻΪκһû֮֡
ľǰ鷳뿪
ľޤҶĿѾԭȵľת˾壬ΪŻѪܹκ𾴡
ȥ
Ҷ׼뿪֮ǰ˳ȻڵССڣ
Ҷһ֮󣬵˵ͷ˳Ĺܵ
Ļǰжֿģڹȥôãս϶ѾСھûҲ֪ʲôطҪڽޱ޼ʵĺҵʵ̫ˣССΪĺӣĸӼѪҲܹССҵ
Ҷ뿪ɽȣСĽһȦŸϵ˺򣬶ޱ޼ʵĴ󺣣ŲԼֱϵССڵССڣĸ׿ܾ棬ȥҵҸ㣡
֮Ҷ֪ССڸһҲССڲ֪Լĸ⵽顣
ҶĻ۾ðһ˿ɻ󣬶ҶΪ˲ģҲûж˵
ССڶĸҲ˼ܾˣԿзһԾ˺УҶں档
տʼʱССڵ鶼ǼΪ˷ܣͻȻ֮䣬¶˽ɫһתҶĽȻĸӼѪ֪ĸ׵һЩ
Ҷͷ֪ãģֻҪûҾһȻڣϽҵ
ڣҶССҵѾʧȥ֪ˣֻ򶼳׶ϵĺߡ
ССڵжʱΣΧĸ׵岻ϵĴתͬʱҲͣķ֮Ҫĸ׻ѡ
ҶֽסʶɨСڵżµġ
Сڵ֮Уһɾ˵ϢǱĬ޸ƣҶе֣֪ںδҶӴ̧ʱ򣬺ȻѹŰֲ
Ҷҩ֮Ҳԣйҩ飬ϳһΪҩ
ҩҩȻ紫˵еĳϵô棬Ҳж컯̥֮ǣޱȣȫѾҩ䡣
΢һҶôˡ
ڸĵرŸֵĸ֪ڱ֮ʾȻ˶ֻΪʲôֻһ룬һأ
궼µĻԸơ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ֪ΪʲôˣǰضСģ
ҶĽСڵ屳Сڲûлָɱ࣬Ȼǽ߶Ǹ⡣
ССҲˣԹԵĸҶϲ˰˵ɫһ·ѩڵɽȡ
Ҷľޤ̵İ취һֻŶѾ֮еʱͻȻ͵ػͷһΪͻȻоϢ
ûκεķ֣ССҲСĴߴҶҶֻΪԼ̫ģټϾ״̬Ƿѣ˴û׷ССڻصɽ֮С
ȻҶղ۲ķ֮УͻȻܳһֻƴСɫ󣬶Ѿʧƣ𣬿Цѩһ壬ԭǾȻħޣŰɣˣ
СڵҪ΢õ㣬ΪԷһҶȻħĳʱ˹
СۿССڵһ̣鲻ԽӿᣬССҲ˷ܵĽͷĸ׵ϣµͷȥϹˮ
Сڣ̫ˣҲû£
ոմӵϢѹСڣܻܶȴʱ¶˿ϲ֮ɫСһ֮Ҳ˷֮
ˣȵ㣬ƳȬ֮ٸҲ٣ڣϽ˵˵ǵľ
ʵǵľܼ򵥣һֻܼĺܲףǴнޣȴһ룬ֻʣСڣצǡ
ʮһһĻǸǵĶ֣̫ɣΧ׷½أ󷨣˶׷ɱǣŻôҡ
ᵽצǣкǵʱСڵٴΰȥΪǻ֪ںηǻ
ģǿ϶ĺúõģ
Ҷڰοǡ
˳ȻڵǶˣȥĻҵи⣡


1146 ̨
ڶ죬ѩɽ֮дҡڵ߳һȺˣΪ׵һߺһķ򸾣ǵòʵ쳣ǿ׳˽档
뿪ɽȵʱһ˺Ȼ̧ͷһ¶ɻ֮ɫԱߵСʵôˣ
Ǹо飬ʶɨȴʲôҲоľϣ⸽ѩ֮⣬𣿡
ûˣǵΪѡġҡҡͷ
ŶǿҵĴ߰ɣ
գâԶ
Ȼľޤѩ򸾣Ҷ˳
˳İ취ҶԼٰѩս裬ȥμӶᣡ
Ϊһʢ£ܻʼʱҶôأҲпܱ֡
Ψһᱻ˷ֵİ취ǵս裬Ͼս趼࣬ҶֻҪıò±ˣ˭ҲģȷѰս첢ȳ
̨λĶһ󣬿ʮİɽ壬˵ԭһֱľɽȴһλǿʣмһΪģ
֮ʮ齫˴ΪսǱԵĵطӶҲΪ̨
ֻҪ̨̤ս裬ûе·ߡ
죬Ƕеӣͷ׷״ӸظۼڴˣеǴսģеֵģеҪˮ㣬̵ôġ
֮Ҷһиϵʱ̨֮Ѿۼֻ壬ȻսҲ٣һս边Ȼʮˡ
̨ԲΣΧһȦͨľ޴רŹʮһЩǿսĹϯֻ̨ۿ
̨֮ϣ洦ɼ߲Ѫգⶼġ
Ҷ˵ĳָûκע⣬Ҳֵɣľޤһ·֮϶ڸǽϸڸϸΪָѾһЩǿ塣
ʮκȻ壬ҶѾ壬ʹ֮⣬ɽ壬壬­Ϲ壡
ʵ岢Ƕͬ幹ɣ˵Ϲ壬ǶϹޣʱ̫ԶҲ࣬һ𹹳һ塣
Ϲʵжǿû˵Ժʥ࿹⣬ΪǿΪÿһͷϹ޶мĿܳΪʣһ˵Īʧ
ˣҶɱʺĻƽʨȣϹ֮ǽ˲֮
ǿһȴȻ֮£˶ǿ󣬿֮УҲǸ߸ϵһ塣
ҶĿЩһɨվͣ˴ڵǸͬѨһӴ֮С
һ㵭޷ΣʶȥһǿĽ֮ʶ
ΪῪʼ֮жĲעʶԿ̽ĻսʵͻһĿȻûԲŻڽ֮нơ
ȻҲֻʮһЩǿִܵҶѩս裬ﲻ̶Ƭʱ䣬Ѿǧʶ̽ˡ
ѩ徹ȻҲս裬Ⱑͷսֻгʵİ
Ҳδأѩ͵첻֪ĸ棬ξȻҴս֣û׼ʲôأ
ò˵ͷսϻɣĻٺ٣ѩҪΣˣ˵սˣ¾Ҳ߲ˣ
޼ɵĸ̸ۣ˿ûҪܻѩҶǵ˼ɴ˿ɼѩǵλ£ͬһһ˭ҹ£ѹǻѡɽ֣
ЩľޤǸûһѩ̬ҲȣֻŭǵĻӰҶļƻҪˣ˭̱Լ塣
ʱʮһ̨֮ϣΪ׵ɫ֮⣬ʮֻжһľȻ࣬ųһš
λϿʼȽ׼
ߵһ£ʮֻͬʱ֣ۡʮʮྐྵȻȫǸĳ࣬ѪĽɣ
Ѫȵľ󣬶ʱΧ۵Ⱥ˷һжʼ֮Ҷ˫Ŀ䣬˫ȭա
ǶĹʽʼ֮ǰҪʮѪΪƷ׸̨λʡ
ܹʮĶʮֻսμӣȻ;ҪҲüˣһ迪ʼ


1147 
Ҷ˳ûбμӣΪֻҪսߣҪԼױ¶֮ǰҶǿҲбɱΣա
뺷ֻ̨࣬
Ҷע⵽϶̨֮󣬶̨ܾȻһȦƣȻƷգԷߡ
࣬ҶеһֱΪȻˣȻԵĶԼͬ࣬Ǵ˿ǵϸ˿ͬ飬еֻǳɱ˴֮ǲĳһ㡣
ȻǿĴĥ֮£Ѿʧȥıԣıֻ֪ս衣
Ҷһ˿ǣ֪սΣҲĻôҪָԣҲһѵ顣
λߵһ£ֻ⿪еӣʱֱӳ˶Է
¡¡
֮ƴ֮ƣ޲һ¾ͽԷ£û˿顣
ȳıȻʵģľ粻ڳƴ֮£ҲǴɫ䵱϶Ѫ֮󣬶ʱٴεȼ˹սǵļ顣
ɱҧҧ
㰡
ܿ죬ʤһ֣һڸֱ۵Ĵ֮󣬽ָУҰչսߵҪ󣬻ֵԴڵĺӿѪ
ã
кȻ
ȥǽֵ֮ս֮սıƴˣ
ڵĽ֮УһİСӰ˳ҶֻԼѪҺҪˡ
Ϊޱ飬˫֮͸¶ŨŨɱ꣬ҶʯпǸӣҲǴʥսĺս죡
ǰİ࣬սҪõĺ֤ܶ࣬ΪıԲûȫʧֻڲ
ʮս죬Ȼӵгصľ磬ܽĸ磬һλǰ;ţܵκδӰ͹գȻ磬ȴΪս裡
սĶһʮˣͷ⣬ҾҲսҪһأﵽ˳أ˫һĶս죬ĳŵ˿ĭս죬Ҿ֪㣬ȥҵĵܵܣҪҵܱܵ𣡡
ԶԷ̫ƣսδ侲ͬһʯѿͳԽ䡣
ضսأӦúҶüͷ𣬺ΪʲôҪİţѵҪս
ȵսʼ֮Ҷ֪ԭˣ
ս꣬ɫĮ̧һȭ
ֱۻӶȭͷ˸޷ڴжȻΧȴ쿴һȭʱһ꣬սƺһ㣡
սȭٶȲ죬úݣһȭȭͷ֮ϾȻֳһƬȼյĻ𺣣ƺӵз֮վ
˳嵽һ룬ۿҪײƬ֮ʱͻȻһ˻޷ĵطͬʱЦŵһҶĥôƽһȭһȭ֮ʱɥ֮ʱ
𺣾ӿսϾ̫ͣ޷̫ʱ䣬ܿϨ𣬶̽żһ㣬ٴγ˹ս죬ɣ
սȻĮͻȻһŭһֻһεĻȭβ𺣣һƬ뵣ԼܹٹںȻ
䣡
Ȼûϵս쾹ȻƺӾ޴һȭ޷ȥսһȭУ˾һʯͷһɳȥһֱҪɳ̨ıԵ֮ʱźȻ׹䡣
£ȻֳһƬƣһ֮ӿӿ壬ž죬ը˿
ԭ̨ܵƣ̺ǿֻҪͻᱻֱ˺١
һ֮嶸ȻĽк
һʮ꣬ȭͽԼߴĸĶָУɾ䣬ʵ̫ˣ
ȻֻҶע⵽ڶը˲䣬սһ˿ͬʱ⶯˼£˵˼֡
Բ㣬ɱģ
ҶսĿͣƲ˵Ļ׻һ̣ʮս뷨
Ȼпѵ񣬵ȻĴϧ̨ϣҪɱˣԼͻᱻɱ֮£ѡַƻж֣Ͳɱģ
һڶ壬˵Ƕһֻʮ꣬ûκѡĺ˵Ҳ뵽ΨһģܹԼиеķ
Ҷ̨𽥰ȥƬ֮ľǰұҪμӽսսս죡


1148 Ϲ
ĹأԾսǾ
ζʮս裬Ƚʮֻ֣ʣʮʱԼӵеսʮս跢սʤˣԽˣȻ
սĶޣΪ˹ƽ˫̫ô߾һѹƾ硣
Ҷչָ˵ǳҪսֻгصս죬ôҪѹƵء
սʵǶͷϷ󲿷嶼ʱĵ֮ǰѾۿǰʤʮսʵӶҲ˰ա
ǣʤʮսǷѾչֳȫǾͲö֪ˣ֮սΪ̼ҲǳðգͬʱҲǶעı
Ҷʱľľޤ˶ǷǳԾΪԭȵļƻ˳̨֮ƣȥսĻӮ˾Ҫս죬ˣȻ㲻Щƣǿ϶ᱻǵȵ֮ٸڴ˵սȳ
Уʮ嶼ֱӴӿռ֮ŽģģѾа취ˣһϳ֮Ǿлɽȵҡ
ʵҶҪǵҹζ࣬ΪѾв嶼׼սս죬ȻҪѹƾ磬սҲȷǿǳսսûʲôôʱ䳤ˣܻܿڶ̨֮ϣϾʮ꣡
ȻҶѾ֪˵ʲôҲûãֻܵ˵ͷľޤҲȺȥΪҶ
ܿ죬ʮԾѾʤʮս輴ս
屨ļ϶˳ѩ׼ߣȴѾ߲ˣΪ尵нǰΧȻղЩǵ۲ǿտڰ׻ΪѩһӵҪ¡
ЩĲ󲿷ֶޣ˳ȫͻΧҲǿȫˣֻڲʱֻܵȴʱ
ս˳ܿ칫ʾǰʮʤս裬Ȼÿ˶Ҫʮ˵ս
ȻУһ˶ʮܹȻֲĿ»Ĳࡣ
սսĹʮһˣҶڵλеżҲû취ֻĵš
һֵսʽʼһʻϵĵ䣬ÿһսضһ
һֽǰʮսȫ֣սȻһȭʤҶ΢İ̫ķ£սӦܹͦԼս
ڶֿʼǰʤʮս֮о˿ʼУʤ߽뵽ǵӪȡǣʤҲͬҪӭӽսߡ
ֱԿʼʱսĲпΪԭȵʤ߾ս˿൱ģսߵ״̬Ǵ۷壬˳֮£Զ׼
ʮԿʼսɽһλս裬ϲ˺ۣлڲϵĿȳѪ״̬˼㡣
Ķϳʱȫ̲ס󾪺֮Ϊһòʮֿӣʯ̳֮û˿ı飬Į֮һͷɫͷҫ֮£Ϊҫۡ
Ϊֲǣ֮޵ɢһӦеĿϢƫƫǸࡣ
һս裬ôûм
ǰоǿ󣬶ھȻĳֽ֮޷͸ʵʵ
ǻèսɣ
ܣè廹ѩǿôշôһǿս裿
Ϲ˸һ֣Ƿע⣬ʮҲ⣬޴Ľ֮һ⣬Ȼеĸڿ̽Ϲʵ
ȻҶҲˣʶԶȻͬԷڵĽ֮赲ϡܹԷͬһ㣬ڲѣ˵ʵƺӦò
һﵽ鳾ű֣Ȼܵ統ս裬Ҳ˵ȥ
ҶüͷϹֺѰζ
Ϲ鲻أʵǿ˼£Ȼѹƾ״̬֮£Ķ֣һָͷͽ׻С
ȶֵأѾת̨쵽˶Ӧͷβϸû˿鲨
ȻϹʮ־ޣϾ磬Ⱥ޵УǿҲֻһֻսѡ
սУڵ˵ֵ֣Ҷսսˣ
Ҷվ˳˴ǵȴԼѶţͻΧ׼
ҶȻڽԼһòʵ׳΢ͷųһԴƣȴ׵ľӵȺԶΪÿһ·ȥ
һ̨Ҷ̾͸оǹǿ֮ĸƬ̤֮ȥ棬սҲ֣֮


1149 λ
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ҶǼԣȻղ߹ʱɢһǿƣ̨֮ϣȴûսˡ
ȻκҲ뵽ҶѪ壬ȫԼ˺ɱ塢Ǹ࣡
ս죬ͣ
Ǻ͸ղһϽһȭ
սԾޱ飬ֻ¶صɱעҶϸĻͻᷢڷ΢Ĳ
ʮĺӣڲһʱʱ䣬Ѿĸˣ֮ʣʱҲеԲ
Ҷͬûб飬ͬһİһ
ѹƺþ磬ȻԿʼ
һ£ԿʼҶŲأֱӳս죬͸ղżսĹʽͬǶҺսӴҶ壬ѹ˾磬ƾǿ壬˵սˣһȭҲ˲
Ȼսһȭ죬ýˣҶĿ֮УȻ˺ڡ
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սһȭصĻҶϣҶ徹Ȼû˿ĻζֱһȭսߣһסսĲӣʱŸҽԼսĶС
ҽҶģѪһ֮
ҶԼһȭоȻˣסԼսɫ˿ңڶȭѾ׼ӳȻҶ仰ȴȻһ
սķӦȻҶԿ϶ľǴʥսĺսҲͬΪѪһУ
ƽһὫɳȥͽߣõƣҲ˺ģң
£Ҷս쿼ǵʱ䣬ѹƵľ˲ָͬһһȭݺݵս֮ϡ
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Ҷһ侹ȻǻһصľˣһѪŴӿ̧𣬺ݺڵ档
¡¡
ǰҶ߹ÿһطµÿһӡ֮ǳһǿĵûз֮£ʱͱ嵽ϡ
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ŨȻҲǼΪḻ̨ɱڶ壬̲ŲٵĵֻҪԼãͨƵˣЩӿͻΪɱ
Ȼɱ壬ٿԴݻһƣսߣ
˳ֺɫ棬ɫ棬ӳͬһ㣬ɨǰڶֵȫƷ˳ȥ
ľޤҲͬʱ֣ޱ߱ǿıϵӿǧɲ֮÷Բ֮ͬ˱ԭһ㣬סһ塣
ĸҲսγ𣬻ĵâս֮ȥ
һеıʶڵʯ֮䣬ٶ̫죬ֱʱǻعʱͬһķ֮
Ϊһʢ£̨Ϊĳλµ񼣣쾹ȻһȺ֪ٵˣе嶼һּĴ
ץסǸ࣡
ɱǧУÿһ⣬ָÿһ壡
ҶȻûߣΪڵĽУѾһֻ޴צӣһСɽһŷ˵صսץȥ
Ȼ岻Ըս죬ȽҶһߣҲҪץסս죬ȻҶ϶ʰ
ֻצӵҲ۷֮ıץսܲˣ˳ǿҲᱻץסҶȻóѡ
Ҷվԭزֻ̧һֻƣ̳һѪɫ֣սȭͷֻצȥ
䣡
죬ޱߣһȭȥȻצҵĹǶϽۣѪģ
һŭĲҽһӰڴӽг˳ҶǰͬʱжҶŰΧ
εĶᣬܹߴμӣ˿һɳһλĶסҶ
λֶ֣ͬԵУʵȻղŻڷڶȫ鲻Խİ
Ҷһȭ㽫צҶϵĿҧгݵĵ˭
Զһ˳ѾɹĽӵս죬˿ռ֮ţҶҲͷһȦ֮ĵǲҶ


1150 Ҷ
Ҷ
־һ㣬̨Ͽֱ嶼¶𾪡
Ȼȫûûж֪Ѫ屻Ϣȴʹ磬ڣҶǱΪС
Ȼڣ๫оȻ磬ǵˣһö֮ĳ̨֮ϣݻٶ̨ս죬¶ǰ˵ģݵʶҲ塣
Ȼ壬ҲȫʶˣӺԣɱ˵ģӦҲҶ
ҶѾָԼıĿȻվ̨룬λΧ֮£ɫĮȴɢһǵƣȻòƫ㣬ȴžµİ
ԭնʱȻûҶʱ򣬶ԺĴѹڵλﶼе㷢顣
һŭ֮£̤ƽѪ壬λʣУˣ֮ڣǵһλʵ棬ץЩ¼һ޴ɽصѹÿ˵ͷ
ҲΪҶƣ˭Ҳۼ̤ƽѪ壬еλʣҾϾ磬̨Ϊս軥Ծ͵ĵطһܹ
ɱΪǵ˱𣡡
ԣɱɱǵһǵս裬˲㣡
ǣߴ磬ܹһͬϰڴţ
Ⱥ֮У˴ͷŭ̾Ӯ֧֣Ⱥ鼤ܣһ޲ýҶ˺Ƭ
˿̣һɢŵĿⶢҶĿλصϹ飡
ߣ
Ҷһߣȴ쳹ֱӽнѹȥޱٴɨλһ۵ô֣
̬һλָһλ𣬴ںȻƤȫʼðɫƬޱȵˣһͬʯϢɢ˳
ղҶһȭצӻˣ̲ͣסһ֡
ҶҲ̫ˣһ浱Լ޵ˣɱ㣬һֻһ㣡
£߶֣̽ۼ׵ľצֱ˺գҪҶ˺Ƭ
Ҷɫ䣬ھצҪԼǰʱ򣬶Ȼһŭ𣺡
Ѫɫ죬ײľצ
䣡
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һ𣬾ȻһλצӸ飡
ɫǲҰޱȣλصϹ鶼ͫһâ֮
ȽϽ壬ȻâֱӸ͸
˵עǼҶϣû˷ıʡ
ۼһ𣬵Ǵ˿ȴǼžһλ巢֮£ȻסҶһҶʵʵֲ̫ˡ
֮ڶŭ֮ٽҶ൱ڰ˵սһλֵܹġ
ţҶȭͷվԭδŴȥ
ۣ
ȭͷǸʯʿײҲۼ׵壬ͬʱޱӿ룬ݿһ㣬һ·ϣ׵ķ˶Էꡣ
Ҷȫһ֮ĹֱӻһһԷǿƵĴ
޲໹嶼ҪǿǾңңȣȻ죬һྐྵȻһλ̫˼ˡ
Ҷȭسɨλһ۵ˣ
Ƕ£
ͻȻһϵڿҶŵһ޴ĽУ߳һߴӰ
Ӱһ㵭˿Ŀһ֣һѹȻͷųȥڳһ岻Ĺȥ
һλʣ
˭ҲûϵεĶᣬȻһλʲУĳ֣Ѹɢ˸ղҶǿƳִϵвȼĺϣ
ʣ֮жϵǿߣܹѹһࡣ
ʣ֮һ
꣡
ĤͬɽХһȻ𣬶ҶȴԾɫƽעԼ߹Ķʡ
壬һ֧ص壬˵ǵҵõĽ̻壬Ҳ֮൱оһĴˡ
ʣе̩ɽһĴڣ
Գ֣ҪֶԸҶ嶼ǳڴ


1151 ǳ
ԶʣҶʮֵƽȻѪʱʵֻǻɱһˣԳڰҹλϣӦ˵Ǳʥһ˿ɱǽȣ
ǸʱҶѪ֮ڵæ֮£ս£ſӵкʿ֮ڣսѾȰˣȻκεη塣
˵򲻹Ӧ֮ټƶҶû˿סԼ
ʵĳ֣λһæ£ɢվܣΧסҶߵĻᣬȻе㲻ҺҶ濹⡣
ҶҪ㣬û뵽㾹ȻˣҾȱ㣬Ȼȥɱˣ
߹ɣڵ֮УĿٴοڣֱ̨ѡ
£ѾһȭȻó֮ΪʣҲС
ȭͬХȭͷǷ·𻯳ǧؾˣϯռ䣬ҪҶֱû
һȭ֮ܿʺ֮һ֮ʵ֮
ҶɫҲǵһȭƴûηκζ֡
ۿֻȭͷҪײһ𣬶ʵȭͷͻȻ΢΢һΣ㿪Ҷȭͷͬʱ֮һ⣬һɺȻϢֱĳҶüĳȥ
֮
ʵ幥Ǽ٣ֻΪҪҶģΪ֮û֮Ҷ
Ҷһ˿Цȭͷһǰǰ壬˿ƺ׼ΪۣҲҪжֵ塣
һΪôأԭˣ
廵ˣ޸ûˣǾʲôûˡ
֮⣬ֱһǴԼȥƴʵ壬òʧ
޵УҶȭͷȻǲ㵭ݺݵ˶ʵϣͬʱǵҲѾһɫС̵Ҷü֮
ﬣ
ͻȻҶüѿһĽɫС˳һСС弫ΪѪɫһޱѪӿ׵ľͽǵɫСƬը㣬ɢʡ

ʵĿзһƺߣһ󼤵ǵ֮˿̱飬ͬܣܵһ˿ˡ
ңֱӳҶһȭ֮ǿӲʣҲ̲סһѪ
ղЩڼҶ̫ɵǣ˿ȫƵͻȻתɵˣҶǿᣬ֮ǿȻҲ˿ɲ±ȶʻҪǿһ㣡
ѹӶʵ깥ܲ˵ļӲ
Ҷ֮˵ʶֹôηһλʵ֮أ
ͱˣ׵ŭˣһ֮ȫ¾ȻɢǿҵĽ⣬ı󣬾ȻһʮɸߵĽҶִԼƺһλߣʡ
ӴԷ飬Ȼͷ֮һЩϵ
㶷·ҶҲη壬зһХһƬѪ֣˾ȵǣѪ֮ϣȻһɫ̫㷱ǣգ貣ɫѪһߣɢһʥȴֲбơ
̫ѨĴͨҶʵߣ̫ѨյȻ󲿷ֶģˣҶԽԽǿǿպͳྐྵȻʼغϡ
Ȼը¶ıĿȻһֻͷ࣬ü֮˵ֻۣһŨĽ⣬۳һľ޴𽣣ٴδҶüġ
ʱһĻˣ
Ҷĳ֮У鲼֮ϵ㷱ǣһһǿҵĹâֱ࣬磬ҫڶʵǱ֮۳ɵľ޴֮ϡ
һǵĹâҫۣǳɰǧǹһ𣬽һƬ貵Ĺâȫڽ֮ϣȻ䶨˿У
ǹ⻯ӣӲǣס˽𽣣޷ֺʵɫȻ䣬ԼĻǽ뵽һƬޱߵ֮Уٲά裬Ҫǰƽһ˿
ǳ
ǳ֮סʶ꣡
Ҷڵһ˵ѧһһҲûʲôģЧȴܹսǿĸ֮
ȻҶû£ҲĶס꣬˿Ŷ΢΢ĹͬһѪɫֱĴ˶ʵüģ
һ


1152 һս
Ҷɱ壬ǿֱӷԷ壬ȻΣó֮Ķʣȴ֮һ˶ʵ꣬ɢ
ǸߴȻ£͸¶ŨŨĲʣԼó֮ھȻһܣ˶һֳ衣
Ŷʵĵ£Ƭݷ˾ֹ֮УȻڳڶ嶼˵ҶѪ壬йλʵ飬ǶΪ飬ۼΪʵ
죬ۿҶνǸ߸ϵʸеḶ́ƺûȫ
Ҷ̫ǿˣ̫ˣ
𾪵ĻᣬҶ׼ˣĿģҪһ¶ˣһȻ󲨣Ӷܹúǵ֪ԼѾϢô棬ɱһλʣò˶ã֣ͻĴ磡
ȻҶɱʣӮýңûǳȻôɣͬҲСֻ壬ųɶʹȥɱҲ֪Ҫɱʱ﷢飬϶Ѿ崫ǵأò˶ãǾͻɳǿ
ҶţǲԸıλʰΧп䣬Ҫߡ
Ȼ׼ת뿪ʱǰͻȻһ⣬һͬԡ֮еӰǰ
ˣȻǸصࡪϹ飡
ϹɫĮÿһë׶͸⣬ǷĽɫеͬһ߲ʡ
Ҷͫû뵽סԼ˾Ȼ
һԿ϶Ϲʵ²Լ֮¡
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ϹڿڣֻҪӦһ£Ҳ㣬һ뿪
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壬ɽȻŹҶ̨Ľг˳
ֱӻ࣬壬ǻʮֻ޴𰣬ڿգ̨̤ȥ
Ȼڶ̨ıԵ֮һɢŽӣעǡ
ڵһֻ𰼴Ҫͷ֮ϷɹʱϹĿжȻһХ֮ϵĽ⣬ͬٲһתϣһ޴ޱߵĽɫǽ赲סǵȥ·
飡
廯Ϊ֮ʵˣ޴󣬵ȴ޷ײǽһײǰֱðֱˤȥ
ͬʱϹĳһĥ̴С̫ĳų˹ȥ
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Ϲ飬ľͬһ̫һ㣬ͷһɫǽǰһ̨̫߸ϣ׶ϲޱĮעǰһС
Ƭ֮Ϲҡҡͷ˵һ仰磬ˣϣǸҶҪʧ


1153 ۷
Ҷ˳˻ͣʽս죬ȻղҶ˵ѪһţսΪ𾪣Ǵ˿ӵȴԾɴž衣
ߣȻѩɽȡ
ѾԶ̨Ǵ˵Ծɲ˾ҶǳΪĵˣκ֣ŹֻѩɽȲ԰ȫĵط
һ·ȫĻصɽڣƵɲҶ̲סֿܣокʲôڿȴû֣е㲻
εǲûκεĸоɽȣһƬƽֻѩѩΧۼ˵ߣһúڵķС۾עҶˡ
βѩһ壬˺ܾõʱ䣬ҲûκȻʱ䣬Ҷ˵ĲϽ룬ѩǡ
Ҷֱѩ轫ҦСӺʱз˳Ǻսطꡣ
ĸȻǱϲӣһ棬ѡ
Ҷûȥǣȥ鿴СڵƣȻȬһʱ䣬ǿԿ϶ûΣա
ڣս챻ĸ׺ҶǰȻһںȻȥҶһҪȥһȴûг֣ΪѾµһ˵Ŀġ
սлǰ־һңΪǰΪʦߡ
ҶĲһȻҦһԭֻͨˣβʹľսĺӣʶˣֻǿ㣬սȻͣʷǷûָ㣬պ·ؽѣɣҶõʦ
Ҷ֮󣬵ͷãս죬Ϊͽ
ս꣬ϲܵĥӵǿԣֻǹߵ˰ʦ
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ҪҶһâĴɤҲɽд˳Ҷ֮ôû˵ѪŻ˲Ƕ˰ɣ
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֪ѪһţȻǿޱȣÿ൱ʷʱڣʵֻһ˶ѡ
ǿԯ콾࣬ȻѪһŵĴУȴδκ˼롣
ǵǸԼĴУԯ콾ԯңŵȵȡ
ҶվԶɽг˼š
϶ԼĿǣԼǣԼҪߵľԼ·ԼĵȻҲҪģǡ
οʵѪһŴԼԼ֮⣬Ѿһͽɣôβɴø˼ĽѪһŷչ׳󣬴ӶܹõĿ죬ʦǵԸ
뵽Ҷ˾˴֮⣬ԼҲҪ̣ԼҲҪѪһŴȥ첻ѪһŲ
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˳ˣҲĿ¶𾪣ǸҶʶʱûټƬ󣬵ǶΪǲҶĳʾֱ࣬ףԭʵڵһƬѪ
һ̣ѩ衢ɷ硢Сڡ˳ľޤ˵ȫһͷڷǾǼѪ
Ҷû˵κεĻֻǽʵѪչ˳Ϊ֮۷Ȼ뷨
Ѫ
ϵѹµƣĴ̳ɹѪؽˣΪһĴ档
ս조ͨһٴιڵأڴһɴ˱ڵѪͬ麣һ㣬ȻֱӳҶͷϵǸѪɫ硣
Ƭ֮Ѫɫ֮кȻһӰȻ࣬Ƕأ·ף֮ͷųһǿս⣬ѹֵ˶޷
ʥս죡


1154 սʽ
ȻҶûмλʦ֣ǰŸո˵֣Ǵʱ˿̣³սӰȴ֪˶Էݡ
ȻӰĿзһŭ𣺡սʽ
һɾʵѪɫӿֱѩɽ֮صƺȻ𣬲Ҳϲ
ͬʱʥսӰȻŲѪϿգʼʩչһһеս
˶סˣΪһ˽ڴ
µΪսʽսķʽ˳
Ȼ˶ܿսܹصӰǺܿϧǲܿĶսҲֻҶսĺܹ
ҶΪʲôսҪԼ֤Ѫ֮ȻѵĴм֮УʥսҪڿѪ֮ʱ򣬽սڣ
ħԯΪҶԯңʥսֽǿսڣҶʮֵԼʦڳȫԼ
ǵľǵһΪѵѪĺܹȡ飬սѵܳɹӶδʵֵԸδﵽĸ߶ȡ
ижͬʱҶҲûйսϣĬĬμսʽ
ò˵սһ˽ܣս󿪴ϣޱȣԾԵһУ
Ǳ΢˵սҲضá
ս죬ǿսʽһδεĴԵ߻˵ʣѧʽѡ
һʽ죡
ڶʽƣ
ʽ֣Ҷ֪ȻսרԾսÿһʽӦࡣ
һʽ죬ʩչб𺣰ΧĻ࣬ڶʽƣޱ칬ѹȵȡ
ʥսսʩչ֮عžվأԼһ̾ϢȻӰ𽥰ֱʧ
һ̾ϢͱҶ𵴲ѣսӰϣܿսǿȻȻҲʧܣԲŻį
Ʒ죬ƺһɵ
սʧҲ̻ع˳Ҷֵö㹻ˣźǿ϶ֻܹǽô죿
ΣһжҵΪͬʱҲֶԸ壬ɢעǵΣա
ǣһԵսȻڵʦڴʱЩ˵֡
ҶһʱϲǶ˵ʲôˣʲôʱ˵ģ
ڲμӶ֮ǰİ£˵ǿɱɱΪ˺ܿҪָ֣Ҫػ죡
ս첢֪ⷬʲô˼ֻʵ˵ȻҶȴˡ
ʥѾϵҲûˣǱҪ촴˼֮֮⣬ؼΨһܽȻǸõѡ
ʲôƨˣɱңѵɱĻҪ˰˰ٻˣһػ죬ǵĴΣҿˣһҾҧһ
ĺ̲סƿڴҶȴأΪӣҪˡ
ؼ֮֮ǰ˵ĻΣ
ʱҶľޤɫͻȻһ䣬ͬĵˣ
ľޤһ˿ɽеܸоĵΣҶƾǿʶ˵ҲֹһˣһȺ
ɽ֮ΰɽ֮У֮ϣȫӰЩӰǰһֻɫСָɽȵۿħ޽뵽Ҳѩ֮أѩ年ħޣﵱ壡
Сĺ󷽣վòޣɢǿƲѲ³λʣ
壬ҶǺ֮ǶҲǼΪӣȻɳλʣҪֽ
ɽ֮ڣҶοľޤѯʣֻɫʲô
ľޤк䣬ҧгݵĵʳʳؼĽɽʯ޷֣һû뵽ھȻ𱨣Χ壡
ֻʳҶȻԼθоڰпţӦþ
Ȼľ粢ߣܹʯ֮Уȴ޷ı£ȷǱС
ʱ֮кȻվһɽȸȵѩţǹ࣬ħޣﵱȫ壬ڴͬΪ壬ǾǸᣬֻҪ̽ħޣǾͻᷢ䣬翹׵Ļǽ֮罫ѩһ壡


1155 ǿƻػ
˻һѩ˵϶ʱ¶η֮ɫһû󣬱ʵǿ˵ˣһЩ壬ҲԼȫ塣
ҶҲ֪岢ΣҵȷԼЩ˸ѩ˽֮ԼԲӲܡ
ŭ𣺡иë󣬻أҶǸƴˣʽ㣬СĽǾˣ
ҶԼǿҲͬʱԿλʡ
ľǰҪ뿪Ƭɽˣ
ľޤ̾˿˵ͷ뵽ôһ죬ʱ׼
˵׼뵽ҪƬѾסǧĵطľޤѩ϶¶һ˿ˡ
ҶȻҲв̣ʱȣѩ˸ˣ裬Ǻ˶ʱңҴ뿪
ѩ¶ԥնĵûʱ䵢ˣһ˵Ļ뿪ûܹסҡ
⵹ʵӦ֮ᣬҶٶȽһּ£߿϶û⡣
˲ٵ飬ȫ˺ʱҶǽڣ˳ȥ
ǰһƬɽ޺ȥߣҲ֪˶塣
ҶȻҶһ˳֣޲΢΢һĵҲ̫ˣѵΪû˿ס
λһ֮ȻͬʱֽҶ£ҶȴǸǽ֣ЦһɨһֻʳӦ֮Ȼ⻷֮£ɲ֮ʧˡ
ٴסû뵽ҶȻ仰˵תӣʵǳǵϣ׷ȻѾʧȥҶӰ׷ˡ
𾪹̲סʼ֮һΪжԭˣ
ǰԭΪҪսһû뵽ȻǸ࣬ȻһĴڡ
Ȼڲϵķ̱Ҷȴ֪Լһӣһλʣ壬ûл·ԣɵӣ
ڶ죬ʮ緢ǵѰҶһ˵䣬֪Ϣľнͣұӻģһ壬ᱻʮնɱ
ʮĶŭҶһ첻Ǿһ첻ð
Ȼ죬Ҷͬ콵һ㣬壬ݵ㵷٣һȫ
׷ɱֵܺǵ壬ǵţһţһոǵ
ҶжʮǿƵĻӦ
һ࣬һȻ󲨣ΪҶǻĲͷˣսʮ壡
Թ˵ˣǿ嶼ֹͬʱսʮĴڡ
ʮȻޱŭԳƾ˳棬ҲȲҶˡ
ȻһΣҶĻӦӿݵ֮һ仰
˸ɱ󣡡
ˣ
ҶһۣԿʮˣȻ߸ϵ˶ɱѾǿԴˡ
ʱѵ忪ʼǣҶǲǱʲô̺Ϳɽ˿
ȻǺǿǶľѳ죬һ֮࿹⣿
ҶȻû裬ҲԴʮ壬֮䱾ǲݵĳУֻǰ˳ѡ
ͬʱôҲϣܹԼϢ֪ԼĺúõģѰǡ
һ¹ȥҶȻԾƽ£ȴԽԽΪ֪ڣûк˿Ϣ
ڱضˣҲеطܹˣϾ綼ǣʱϵԽãǾԽ
һ죬Ҷҡڵ߽һģСĳǳأҵһ¥˱ʼΧǵ졣
Ҷʱ伸ÿ춼Ҫ飬ڸ֮䣬Ѱκһйغǵ˿
˰죬ûеõκõϢҶ׼뿪ʱ򣬺ȻһĮҶӦҵ£ûж֣
Ҷ΢΢һƽԼ˳ȥûǣҼλѣʵû飬ܷս
ˣȻǸΪ̫˵Ϲ飡
̨ϹԺҶһսΪֵ壬֮˾ҲûȻϹ龹Ȼٴγˡ
Ҷɫƽȴ𾪣û뵽ԼԵ֮ˮıòںϢ֮󣬾Ȼܱϵó
Ϲɲ⣡


1156 ج
֪ûս⣬޷ӳȫʵӮҲʤ֮䡣
ϹĻҶеЦԷǣԴ˵ͬʿ֮սǿԽս֣ҲδܹȻϹ龹Ȼӡ
ҶҲϣϹȷʵǿҪ֪Щ粻׷ɱԼͬ׷ɱȻȴȻúúõġ
ģҳŵ£Ȼ֣ɷӻգҵѵ䣬Ȼս
Ҿ㣬Ǽֻħ޵ģֻӦǲϷеһ֮У
Ҷڡһ¾վԼѰô죬ûдйغǵϢȻϹ龹ȻΪԼ
л֣
лңҲϣ㰲ģ۷״̬Ҷսѣ
£ȻѾ뿪ҶҲٵ飬ֱӴӲ¥Ĵг˳ȥΧȫĿɿڴ׵׷ʲô顣
ȻûǣҶѾС˵ǴӲ֮дߵУһֻΪǵ衣
һ壬ԼԿ϶һǴͬ飬Ѱ˱ӻ
ħޣСڣϡٵ壬ڸͬ壬ǺͰצȻޣ֮Ҳ̫ȻҲ֮ͬ硣
Ҷޱ޼ʵϷ֮Ѱ֮ãҵһסԼ֮ڼ˰צǣҸֵҵǣ״ҪõĶࡣ
ǿҶҲǼޱȣҶֽСڽ˳¸ˣֻһӦóǿޣѲٴһ˷ܵľǺһǽУ֡
ڸ˵ͬʱҲܿʪۿ
ڱ׷ɱʱûᣬͬսʱûᣬԼ֮ʱҲûᡣ
Ȼ죬ٺٴ۵һȴǼᣡ
ò׵ȵƽ֮󣬰צǾͿʼǵľ
СצǻΪ˵ģȻͬ׷ɱ֮УǴ˳˺ƴӣû뵽ȴһ塣
Ȼ׷ɱĶ󣬵Ϊͬ壬Ȼ֮ðżΣգǳסڴˡ
ҲҶΪ֣һ岢ǿʢҲͱѩһǿһ㣬ȻҲѡݷ֮У֪һĴڣȻϹྐྵȻܹ֪
Ϲ֣ʾû˵Ҷ֮ĵһ࣡
ҶȻҲȥ׷⣬ȻǺͰצȻһɻ󶼿ʱ׵һߡ
ֻѾҵֻͲˣ
ǣȻצǶҡͷʾֿ֮󣬲û˵䣬Ҷȴķ֣ҡͷͬʱоһ˿ŨŨıˡ
ҶһȻһֱվǵǰǣצȻǺ֮䲢̫죬Ӧ֪ǺҾֵͬһ֪飬һҪңǺϢǻϢ
ⷬСںһ㶣ŷӦ뿴ǺͰצ֪ǵ䣿
ǺͰצͬʱ۾ϹװƽѸٱĵ˵ͷǵģ֪Ը֪ǣˣ
ʲô
ҶֻһֱԼԴϣǰһڽһģԵڵء
СͬסȻعһѾͽǸŭݣŵǣ˵ʲô˵һ飬˵ʲô
ȴ۾ɬҡҡͷҲ϶˵һԵİצڵˣˣ
ܣ˫ĿѪһƬ˫ǣ۾ŰצǶûôܻǲģ
һجģҶ飬пհס
òǿԼ侲һȽǷ£ô£ô֪ˣѵ
Ҹģ
һ˹ǰæѰҺǵ䣬Ȼ˲࣬ǺΧĹϵҲæѰһ£һͷǸңҲҪˣΪѾƮ˷ۡ
ۣ
Ҷеץסĸ֣Ӧһط
ǵģۣͬʱĺۣ֮ңΨһĽأ˵һӡԶʱսħʱЩħ֣޷뺣۵ֻ֣ں۸ǻ


1157 ׿
أ
ҶУȸ½֮ϣʹֽأܽľ飬֮жž˵ܣˣ˵ǽصʱһ˿ϣ
ǿû
Ҷӣλ֪ԼĻ̾˿࣬ҲŻ㣬ʵԭȲûôֲϾ֮УǰǾǧǰоλʲ֪ʲô裬ȻҪ⿪֮գǾǴۣƬ̹򣬾֮ڲҽȻǳƬѪͲ֫ӿʱȾ˼һƬ򣡡
֮󣬷۲ı˽أҲûκҿˡ
ŵĻҸʣµʱ䶯ܱ硣
ⷬҶиոȼ˿ϣֿʼҡˡ
λ֣Ƕôֲϣ¶ӲˣȻڷ֮оȻŲƬ̵ʱ䣬ȫȫʬ
˵ʵҶе㲻ţǽľޤ˳ѯʣľޤۡĸʱɫѾ䣬ҡͷǽأأκ鶼ȥ޻صĽأ
Ҷˣȥ޻أҲҪȥһˣºѾˣҲҪʬ壡
СҲҪȥȻҶȴͬ⣬ʱѩ֮󣬾Լǰۡ
·ϣͷǣҶһĿúǵʬƮ۵ľ
ҶȻǾ仰Լûۿǵʬ֮ǰźѾˣ
ҶǰֳһƬɫˮʱˮ֮оǷ۵ڣŻаҵľ룬ǾǴƮ˽ȥ
ں֮£ˮ֮УȻһƬʶ۾赲ˮⱾǾһľ
ҶȷҪȥѾǧûˣ˭Ҳ֪ʲôǾܹħĿֲ֮żܹħͬɢһ㣬Ƭڳû
һȰ˵Ҷлĺ֮Ȼ˽ȥ
ҶıӰҡҡͷת뿪ˣȺΪҶضн޳
ɫˮΪŨҲҶĿҲֻԼܹʮԶĵط
ƬΪһ˿һˮûУ룬Ҷִݷ綼ֻʣԼһˡ
ʶȻѾãҶڵûܵӰ죬ǧ֮
ҶĶкȻһε
ںܹ֮Ǻ飬ںף׵ֱɫˮֵƬ֮֮Ǿ̫ˣ
¡
ҶΪԼ˻ȻͻȻԶȻһʮ׳ĴˣͬһСɽһȻ
һɾ˵˳źˮӿ˹ҶԿ϶ˣ
ƾˣҲ̫ˡ
Ȼһжֻǿʼǰľ˾ȻԽԽ󣬵ߴңȻ£ǿ񱩵Ҷ嶼ĵеۡ
ھ˳ʱ䲢Űʱ֮Сȥţһߵ֮
أ
ڿޣ
ԽԽ󣬴һ˿ޣʮ˿ޣʮ˿ޣ˰ٸ˿ޣ죬ݷгǧˮֵĺĵĿ
Ҷ˸ղ˵ĻﾭᴫħǵĿ֮Ӧָľ
Լˣһֻǲ֪ûлûЩħ
ȥ֮Ҷ۾ȻԲˣǷḻʵľʱ˿ҲʼԼǲۻˣΪǰȻʻһҴ
Ҳǳһͬ߮ں֮ϵĴȻٶȲ죬ȴǳƽȣҶҲԽԽ
òᶼҵĻþɣ
ۿ
Ҷ˫ͫıССɢͬ¹Ĺâ
ۿ죬ۿأֺȻڵ£Ҫۡ
ȻҶ۲δɣһͻܱȻǰҴȻڣҶҪʻǰ
һһʵĴ
ֻʮ׳ڣһ㵭ƺһЩ·ĲǺ
ҶֻԼĺëۣȷԼκһضҪ졣
ۿҴѾԼǰҪײԼϵʱҶ͵һҧȻ˴ϡ


1158 ɱĹ
վڴϣҶһ۾ܹҴ֮⣬ҲûκεĶһҿմ
ҶüͷȻûκ飬ǾʲôٿҴʻأڣҴȻڻʻ֪Ҫʻη
ѵǷ۵
ҶԴӽƬˮк󣬸ûиܵκĲƽľһ硣
ûκôߣ
ҶƬ̣Ҵߵβʱ˫Ȼ磬Լŵòһг
βĺ棬ȻʵӰӣƺƶŴֻͣʻ
վͬһڷֵ֮еĴϣڴδ֪飬ȻҶٴҲҲ˺⡣
ٿ
ֻͫʲ滹һ˿˿磬Ҷʩչۼ¡
ڿˣʵӰӣе̫֮Ӱûʵ壬ĿԴ͸ܹӦֻȫ
ֻ֮ӰûκεͬõʬһȴŴֻʻ
ҶȻžǸħ
ֻǣⲢħֻֻͬӰһĴڣ⵽ô£
ֵ̤һжѾҶķ룬˹죬Ҳʽ˼ҲһƾԼ޷̽Ľء
Ϊ˺ǣȻ롣
˵Ҳ֣ðͷ֮վҴ֪뷨һȻʼתȥȻҲֻӰħıǵ
ҶȻվڴβעǣĥ⵽ʲôĴڣȻһ˼ͷԺòڱǰɣ
̫֮ͬӰһӰؼҲɲٿ̫֮Ӱ
Ҷ˼ʱ۾΢΢һΪǰˮ֮оȻӰӣ顣
ЩͬƴֻӰħһĴڣ
ء
һǰӰħ֮УȻһֻˣһɱϢȻҶ˹
ЩȻ𹥻
ҶʧɫͬʱȴҲҵתѪ죬ӭǸħӰһȭ
䣡
ȭͷûжԷǴ֮д˳ȥΪûʵ壬ȭͷ̺Ŀ񱩵ȴ׵Ľ˺˿仯һը뵽ܵˮ֮С
ҶеȻˮѵֹɵġ
ܹ䳹Ҷﰲ˲٣´˲ǲſֲ
ֻȥƺ̼ͬ飬һ춯صĿ֮һ̣еĹȫˣ׷˹ǵһ㣬ܵ
ղҶĿҲǴǵĿзģ˽֮£ٴֿȴҶˣͬ궼һҵĲҪĳ嶯
ҶͷʱӴԼ֮ƺ뵽ЩǴ˿̸ûʱ˼ȻЩܹɱʵ̫࣬ģ֪Ҫòȫ

һϺɫĻҶȼ
սʽһʽ죡
ҶǲһȭͷŹۼܼһȭȥ
ڿգһƬΧĹں飬ſֲĺХ֮ڹȺкȻը
Ǵʥս쵱ݺµսսʽһҲŷɥ
ҶʵʩչһʽȻԶս죬ȻսҪǿ̫౶ټȭͷϵĻҲãͷ𣬼ܹپ
һȭҳֱӱޣǿҲʱΪһƬյشˮֱɢ
Щǳ˹֮⣬ҲûУôͬ˲ȻûĹκεĸоȻŸղŵٶȣѾҪ嵽Ҷǰ
ҶѾȫ£Ȼ޾壬ϻٴθǣȵĸЩ·ı߶ֱӱճޡ
ܿ죬ͱ˴룬ȻʣһЩǶҶ˿в
ȻҶѾʱ򣬺Ȼһ춯صġء֮𣬸ոձյشǸ֮УȻֳֻԾ飬ǵء
Щﵽж٣ѵĴꣿ
ҶסˣȻЩĹ޾ĻԼǿҲ
ƴˣ
ҶӦ֮ᣬ׼ٶȣֱͻȺģŴǣϽﺣۡ
ʱͻȻһƬҫ۵ĽȺĺ󷽳֣ͬһɫһ㣬֮Щ޲ĲҽȻ˲仯ޣ
ҷȱ


1159 ˻Ӱ
ҷȱ
ĸҶһ죬һʱ侹ȻˣҲˣΪЩĽ⣬ѾͬɨҶһ̼Ѿ˴ĹķΧš
ĸ֣ȻİʮϤǷ߿жᾭгطҶҲᾪȡ
Ȼ磬ȫռݵ磬Ȳ˵ڷߣ˵ĿǰطǱΪأþλĽطۣʱ˿̣Ȼĸ֣ʵ̫Ҷˣ
Щ⣬ҶҲ֪Ǵķ⣬ʵ֮һа
Ҷ鲻Խ˵磬Ͱ˵ɽ֮Уʬ壬ŨĹǿŰĻҲǷ⣬ù޷
ٿЩûʵ壬ͬӰһôڵĹڷ֮£ȫɢʵҲͬһһԵĴڣ¾ͨ˿оᵽĹꡣ
أ
ֻ̼䱻ȻȴиĿβֹҶǰҶºзӿֳһֻһֻĹ
ЩﶼǲȱȫеͬȱһţͷеǴм䱻˺ߣޱȵֲ
ȻǴ﷢ģǵ첻еĸû죬Ҳ֪ηЩġ
ǵأ֮ͬɳ޾һ㣬Ҳʮƣȥͷ
¸ղŷգҲҶҵǿҲͬʱô࣬һ֮Ҳ׼ӦЩĹ
һׯϵķ𣬶ţȻһ֣ӵǿңǸ߹֮ϵ̫ͻȻ䵽ҺޱĽĹ˼䡣
ҫ۵Ľ⣬Ҷ۾ľȻе޷ֱӣҲֵǿҵķ⣬ֻ۾ͬʱȫٴθǣʱ׼
ԽԽ죬гɰǧͬʱ貵ķ֮УҶȻԼһߴӰԡڽ֮Уһһ˳
ޣ
ȻӰ̫ǿңܿòҶȴһ۾ϳ˶ԷݣΪʩչһٻʵȴ۶ɵս
ڻ˲֮ޣ
˵еķڰ˲еһڣȻŮˣȴһ֧ǣܹ֡
Ҷ̲סҪɣǲǰǰ
Ȼǲܵ£Ȼ뿪磬ôܻ᲻ܵ⻹Ľطۡ
Щ峺ֵԼλԡڷ֮еĽ޵ĳ֣Ƭ֮ڼ޾ĹӰͻȻ֮˷һ㣬һĿʼɢޣʲôû¡
ҶͬҲֵܵӰ죬齥ƽɫƽ͵עǰһʢ
Ȼ˿Ѫͷɽ壬ǿڶĹαͬǴĿġ
쳹أݷһɫٷׯϴȱ֮ﳹ׳ȡ
ڣеĹﶼʧˮһ֣ع֮䡣
𽥼ֱžҶҲعĿ֮ջأߴʮɵĽɫӰޡ
գƿˮҲɢ¶ӰıĿһòׯŮӣͷгһ֧ǣׯϣη
͵гĽ޳ȫһ¡
ۣ
ͻȻ޾ȻſͣһʺѪѪҺ֮Ƭݷ𶯣ѿѪҺ֮о̺ǿ
һĻҶٴ𾪵˼£
ѵ޲Ӱ󣬲۶ɣķڴ˵еİ˲֮һ
ȻĻôܿѪ
ʺĿѪҺͺ֮дҵĲôĲһӰܹģ
һѪ֮󣬽ɫӰЩȴ¶һȱЦݣҶ˵ͷ֣
κһλڳĿô˾Ļ¾Իἤ˷ܵĻȥΪҶоԼѪҺƺѾʼˣһĽ
Լͷһ֣ѵҪԼȥ
޵ӰȻİȴʼմŴȱЦݣҶǰʧͬղЩһ
һ񰡣
Ҷʵ޷һеô£ºȻһԼҴȻֿʼ˻ʻҴβ֮ҲȻڣ
ˣ
Ҷ֮ͻȻһһ˿ȵһ̶ȻըⲢҶ֮ţ


1160 
ҶŽΪֵܵʱǰŵĹķʽ˴ڶԷ֮һ˿Լ꣬Իڻܹ꣬ܵԷǷ񻹻š
Դűͨǿץ֮˿ŵҲûκζȻ죬طȻ˷Ӧ
Ҷлһ磬Ȼ뵽һǲܵ뷨
Ҷ˲ҴὫԼʲôطǼæȡһָ̣ھҵĲţԼһ˿֮С
֮ϿŰԵİ˸֣Ǭңֱָ˸λҶ룬ֺȻԽԽֱͬһС̫һ
ͬʱҶУŵ˿Ҳ𵴵ĸӾңоҪҶ꣬ƬУ
һ̣ҶԿ϶ˣԼ뵽Ǹܵ뷨ܣӦʵ
ҷȱ
գ

ڻ˲֮ޣ
һ˵ˣΪصķ֮УһλλߣУȻǧǰʧȴֶΣ˳Ϊȸ½һֵʦ
ʦǽֵܣںҶݵʱҲʦ˽ȥʦϴ϶Ҷ
Ҳͬʦ֮Լһ˿꣬Ӧ˾ң˵֪һ˿ڡ
ʦͬʱҲǷҶʦ֣ҶóԣԴʦʧ֮ÿ֮УȻһΪѰԼʦֵ䣬Ȼֻƶϳŵķ֪
ҶҪѰʦ䣬ΪˣҶ͸ռ̣ڴԽյʱѰҵʦڵķҲǸֵ
ֲ𣬶ͬһС̫һ㣬Ȼ˵ʦȻҶԶ
ʦȸ½ǵ¸أҶ֮ûм£Ľ˵ҶõһУһСʧ֮ǰµԾ֡
ϵʥ긫ţн粻֮еЩޣųģҶߣ
ȻʦҶһҪ壬Ϊֻҵ²ˣϣƽĪ֮࣡
Ҷ඼Ҫˣû뵽ԼȻܹҵʦ
ֻҶҲʵ벻ͨΪʲôʦڴ뿪֮ջܵĽط֮УŴʽ֮ǳŲƬ̾ͻ⣬ʦܹģ
ɻҶͷƣȴƽΪֻҪʦеһоͶдˣ
ʱǰȻһɾ޴ܶʱ˷죬ͬХһ㣬ҶµĴֻһٶȻҲ֮ӿ죬֮ˮ
ССĴֻھ֮ȴ̩ɽҶҲ˴ͷ֮ĿԶ
ԶȻĳһ޴ĶڣͬһſĴһȫ˽ȥ
ǸطռͬһĨһŤĲӣ¶һƬһƬڵգҵ˼¡
ۣ
ҶڼʶһأµֻСҲԼٶȳǸۡ
ŵ˿𵴲еĿռҲǿʼȻǶӦʦӦþں֮С
ۿԼҪ뺣ۣҪ˵ҶﲻţǼٻΪŴʵľǿѨ磬ʵģȻҶܹһλǿһ㣬ȴԲͬλȽϡ
Ƕڽ뺣֮Ƭ̾Ͳ֪ȻΣķҶĲ֪Լֵܷס
ʦǺǣֻҪһ˿Ǵ֮УôҶҲҪһ
ǣʦˣ
ಡһںͷųǿ֮£СһâֱûС
䣡
ҶĶһ޴ıըµСȻըҶһᣬû׹䣬˫ŲʵǶͬʱһŨѪ֮ζɲ֮䣬о·ѪϿա
ǰϤѪɫһƬҫ۵Ľɫ֮˷׷ļ־
ҶתͷĹˣȻԼվһ͸ġУ
󣬶ͬһ鷿С֮ܵϣĽɫ·ڵ·һƬޱߵĺɫ󣬴죬İУȴ˸Ӳ֪׵Ľɫ
Ƿ֮У
ˣ
ȻһϵҶĶ


1161 ħ
ͻȻĲҶһȻĿȴҲ˵˾ںδ
Է仰ȴǸоԼһ
ʣʦ𣿡
Ҷķѯʡ
Ƭ֮ǸǣӦѪµ˰ɣ
֪Լ󶼱ʵʦȻľ֮УҶʱޱȵļ
ʦܹһڵԼѪ֮ݣҶҲûзϣϾҶʦʦܣôΪʦ֣֮ͨȻܹЩ
ǣҶĵͷʦҶѪˣҲŵܣ㣬ǵĴ磡
ţܣܣ
ʦǹž޲УҲһ˿ŷЦܣãøܣԭ֮侹Ȼֹϵ
磬ںδܷһ
ѾʦȴݣʵҶż
Ҳ㣬ң֮У޷뿪
Ҷ΢΢һͷ˵·һƬɫ
ʦȻƬ֮¡
ȻҶкܶɻҪʦʱȴ֪ôˣʦٴοڣѯʣܣΪλᵽ
Ҷæĵǣ磬㿴ҵĺֵܺħޣ˿ƮƬ򣬽뵽˷֮С
ҿˣֲãֲħ֮еʱ򣬲ɱƣԭħޣ
ħ
Ҷ·ƬĺɫԭħǾǵ뵽ħ֮УԼ֮䣬ҶкȻһ˿ʲôȥץסǸӹĺǵİΣ
磬ǵħǷ񻹻ţ
ʦȻĬˣҶʱᵽɤۣĻش𣬿ȴֲҴߴ٣ֻĵš
Ƭ֮ʦٴ𣺡ʱֻʣһ˿ʶδڣǻҲ
𰸳Ҷϣû뵽ʦǵ
һҧҶ磬ҪħҪˣҪʬ
У
ʦȻܾħ̺֮Թǧǰβǽ룬ֱħƬ̶δܼ֣ͱ˺ƬԲܽȥ
ԭҶ֪֮סʦ֮󣬻ΪβʶǱɱģڲԭֻΪħ֮С
ǣ磬ѵһֱħУҰȻ𣿡
ԼΪӡѹħУȻҲֲ˶ʱ䣬ˣ
һ˵Ҷ֣ʦΪʲôҪѹƬħңƺһֱڵԼԼˣҪʲô
ʦĵ̾˿֪ںܶҾʹͷ˵Ƭħͷ۵ĴڣҪ׷ݵ޾֮ǰʱȫӡ
ںܾ֮ǰΪĹ޵أŵʵǿޱȵ࣬ʥޣҲħޣ
Ȼĳһ죬ʥ޺ħ֮䱬һսڽеȫǣ˽
ʥھİ֮£Ӯʤħ޺ħ޵壬һ磬׼뿪ҲǺǵĳء磡
ǳս֮ң޷ݣǴﵽ˺˵֮
ѪɺӣʬɽһƬҡ
ʥǵİ£ʼɨս޸磬ٵ⣬ôȥʬν
ʥǵı⣬뽫ʥ޵ʬȻΪսʵ̫ңھ󲿷ֵʬ嶼ǲһ𣬸޷ֳЩħ޵ģЩʥ޵ġ
֮£ʥֻ׼ʬȫճɻңȻʱ˳ֹ֣ʥǵΪʩչͨеʬ塣
ҶҲץס˸ղԺ֮һŵĶѿڶ˽ʬ嶼
ǵģƬħ֮Уħ޺ʥޣ
Ҷ̲ס˿ɽȻҲʬɽ洦ɼǲ޷ħȣȥҲ֮
ɽҶһȥľǴ󲿷ֶͨ࣬˲ʵԹŭŵɽ걻뵹֣Ϊһء
ħصĶʥ޺ħޣǰһǿޱȣдʡ
ʱ򣬱ȻҲǳ˲ʺͷŭôǵʬܲԹ֮޷ֻÿֲݡ
ղûнʱĿͿЩӰĹʵĳԹɢ


1162 ص
ɢ
Ҷ̲סĴ˸ղһ·ᣬܺĿܹǵصĹӰ
ǽ޵֣ʦͷųķգԼ治һܹȺѳϾƵʥ޺ħ֮ġ
ʦ𣺡˽ȥʬѪǸãҺγôһƬħ
һƬħĴӷ֮ǲ罫ҲҪͿ̿
ҶʵΪʲôҪôѵǲ֪𣿾ǲϲ˽磬Ҳô鷳ȫԳ֣簡
Ҳ֪˵ΪʲôҲû뵽Щ֮˷ˣҲǵȷǱģĴ𰸣ֻǲ֪ˡ
ʦ˵
ƬħĳβһһϦ飬൱һʱ䣬ȻҲûбӺͷ֣УԹʼܣһû󣬱·෢֣ϿʼڴɥǾ˸ָĴ˵ģҲͱ˽ء
ԣ磬˵ǺһģǺɵġ
ս֮Ҳһġ
Ҷͷ嶼Ϊ֮зӡԶʱսħʵҲ̫Щڴսеʥ޺ħޣǴԶʱڣ˷ˣҲսħˡ
ʱҶٴ뵽˺ǣֻʣһ˿ʶδĺǣ뵽Ƭħ֮У˵ǾԼȴʼվúǲû
ħɽصϢ˳ȥ֮ʿǰ̽أûκ˸ֱһλ߳֡
λǰ컯оγ֮ţ棬ӲƲħʵΪ˱ħһɿƵĺƽ٣Ͳ뺣ۣһѹƬħ
ߵĺȻԹҲ¼Եǣٽ֮ƣȻܹħѹʱλǰСħ󷨽ѹħ֮ã֮ۿžҪħ״ݻ١
֮£λǰֻԼΪӡ֮Уѹħ
ҶڻȻѹ·ɫ֮лǳĽɫǱȻǷǰ̻·óĴ
ʦһλǰĺˣǧǰ뿪磬ĿģҪ̳ʦԸԵԼѹħ
ĬĬţԼȲΪΪǺεȲؽʹȱĻ
λѾȥķǰԼλݴʦҶȻ𾴣塣
ĵطҲλǰóרΪĺڴ˽֮ʱأҲ֮ȫĵطҪͱҪ֮ˣԲٿ飬ԦС˽ӵ˴
ѹֻСͻȻ֣һӰ䵱Ŵߣ
Ƿ⴦ص࣡
ʦ£ڷ۵飬ҶѾ˽˸ţȻҲµɻ
磬ѵû취ѹħ𣿡
зǰԷ澭Щ飬ʱΪʵĿܹ꣬ʮλ˽˵عͬоʮ֮ãȻȴһ˿ûܹȻ
ʦûֱӻشҶ⣬ĴȴҲʮԡ
Ҷ࣬ʮλˣоʮ꣬Ȼһ˿޷ȻǳԼΪӡѹ֮⣬ˡ
ˣܣڸ˵˵ͶʶľУǲһΣյĻ֮У
ʦͬó㣬һĴҶҲæµľ˵˳磬粻Σհɣ
Ҳܸ϶Ĵ𰸣ȷʵֻ˵ֻһ֮ȫһ֮䡣
Ҷ˳ĬҲ޷ıʲôֻϣԼܹȷľ·һ˳
ʦҶ˼ܣ˵˵ɣ
磬ҵ飬ʵӦ֪ĺҪл磬Ϊ룬ƽٵ·˺ܶ·磬һݣ
Ҷ׼·ĺɫħ֣µİȥúøлһʦΪԼźõĶְʱħ֮УͻȻһŽ⣬ȻһɫĹͷСˣȻʦꡣ
ܣҪݵĻҲȰ㡣
ʦֹҶĹݣԼһ֮УҶ˴񣺡Ѫˣݼ


1163 ·
ʦħ֮ѹ֣ܳȴϧͳȻҶִ񣬲ԳѪˣɼ̬ǼΪϺ͹ġ
ֻǣͻȻı仯ҶлҳһƬȫ⵽ô¡
ʦһ֣ôѪˣ
뷨ҶԺзͣһ˿֣ɢЩ磬ҶȻ׹λǰҲҵһλʦ֣磬㣬ȿ
ʦվЦҡҡͷλǰѪˣҵʦѪˡ
ҶֺͿʦԼǷߣʦҲǷ߰Լ˵ôˣ
ҶѯʣʦѾ½͵ʵǰ·ңڴ֮ǰҺʦܷҶŵĵӣŵΪУ˼Ѫ֮
ڣҶ֪Լֶһλʦ֣У
ǰԽһλţʱΪǰʵͬɲ֮⣬ȴѡһ˶ͬĵ·ǾŰԣҽҪͨ̽ҵƷİ취
ò˵ѪһţǾž֮ѡ·ϣǼ񣬿̽˲ٵȻҲΪˣŵʧܡ
֮ǱлҪ֮٣ȻҪܵͷΪˣеһǳ˲ңƵòǲɢͽֻõͽܣȻҾȻʧҲδ֡
֮žͶ˹أһֻͽܣұҪǹ¶Ϊͷ̫¡
֮ҪͽܣΪһһ
һĴʦͷҶ˵ϣʦΪʦ֣Ҳδ
ԭʦǷߣΪʦŵĹϵһſɴԽգǰ磬Ź棬ҪΪҪһټ£ҲΪԼ۸ԵüС̽ĳͷ
뿪֮ǰʦʦһµĽңʱԴ򿪡
ʦ£һټµʱΣգ棬ҿһ·£λԼȴѣ֮ǰίʦһ£ǰѰһλʵķߣǰķۣԼѹħ
˵֮λ߾ȻʦһҲǴ󳹴򣬴µĵһҡ
һ֮Уһ仰ʦԴ߽ۣԼѹħԼĵһټ£
Ӵ֮ʦ͸֣Ϊһߣص֮󣬴˵ڶҡ
һ£ֱָʦ¾󣬱ϵʥ긫ס긫ǰд½Ͳ֮е̸У
ʦݽҵҪһһ£
֮õħѹ߽֮ӣǧǰ磬˷ۣʼѹƬħԼĵһټ£
λǽ˵أҲΪһѹħĸɮգ磬Ϊ֮вбǰᱦû뵽ȴħ
ʦľԭԭһж뿪֮ǰ顣
֮ҶǸпѣû뵽ڤڤ֮оȻԿ̽ͳǰͿ㵽飬֤ľ
ȻΪԼѰҵʦȻҲѪˣʵ̫⡣
ʦܹĸԸһǧ꣬ѹƬصħҶҲǷĵ塣
磬ȻʦֵĺˣǸģȻҴ磡
Ҷʦ֣꣬ͬһ
ʦЦһ֮󣬲ŽŵǧҲһֱڳ㵽ĳ֣Ҳ㵽֮Ĺϵ۸ӣҲе֣˵Ӧ÷Ϊǳ֮⣬֮ȴϵȻԭһǽֵܣ
ܣδʵֵԸҲпɣȻĻ˼Ҳ뿪֮ǰ½ңһҾָҪģΪ̫ûиҴϣǷŵһطպлȥȡ
ʦлԼ˽ңҶǲ̫⣬Ϊԯ콾Ǵʥս죬ǶԼ˶
磬ЩȲ˵ˣղ˵ҲֲסˣˣǲʲôԴ뿪


1164 ѪҲ˥
У
ʦȻŴȴͬһ̲кȻׯϵĵ˵ͷҲĵһᵽģѪԽħУ
Ҷ㾪ȵ
Ƭħ޺ʥźγɵޱ޼ʵħȻҪװѪ֮У
ҶôķӦʦȻҲף΢΢һЦܣʵҲе޷ܣ湦컯򲻿ƭңԿң㽫ħߣҲһ¡
Ҷָƽ˼õҲûпܣƬħȫɵģѪҲͬ޽ģֻ޽ѪӦں˾֮֮ȻҪħǿĶ࣬롣
ʱҶڶȻðѪ⣬ҶȻ˳Ҷգ
ҶѾܾûˣҶȻҲȥҶϷһУҶ˵֪֮ꡣ
̫ӰҪҶ֮ʱ򣬷ҶֹȴѡԹۣҶ壬Ȼû뵽Ӱس֣ȴ̫ӰߣƬħʵ̲סˣǿҪҶħѪ
ʵ֣ҶҲôġ
ҶԲİΣԲ²ǾԲ᲻ʦֻнħߣʦָܻ뿪
οħ˺ǣ
Ҷĳ֣ǳҶϣԲɫĿΪʲôҪ
ʦҲǴŵ㾪ȣעŷҶȻ⾿һʲôĴڡ
Ҷе㼤Ҷħ죬ִѪ֮ʱѪ֮˹ݣӣ˸棬һʢǺεȵ磬Ȼ֣ʵѪٷ֮һûзӳȻԭڣҲѪԭ򡣡
ѪҲ˥ܣϾѾ̫ʱ䣬ûµעУĸʯͷŵҲ޾ģһʧȥ֧ţĸʯͻ飬ȻѪҲ᳹ըʱǵѪе飬ԼҲ𣬻Ϊޣ
ƬħܹѪգ͵Ϊṩ˺嫵Ѫǿʢ㣬ң˶Īĺô
⻹ǷҶһ˼״̬˵ôĻᵽѪϸ
ҶʦΪ𶯣ԭѪҲǻڵģҲ˥ܣҲΪѪܻ꣬ҶȻϣľ֡
Ҷ뵽һ⣬ǾѪħʵĳ̶ֳ˵һͬĴڣֻɵ飬һģһǻģҶΪ
ֻ佫Щʬ
˽ѪҲֻΪ˹ѺĥЩԸ˳ǵ

˵ĿľԲôһһЩΪ֪ܣ
ղ˵ѪҪµ㣬ЩѪеˣǲǾṩ
Ҷ¶һ˿ӣҶҼǵǸţͷ˸˵ʵκ໥ģô򵥵⣬ôڻף
߹ҶҪһطۼķ֮⣬ҲὫɢȥ֮䣬ӶγһϢѭ
ȻѪҲһ˾ĸʯܹԶͷų֮⣬еЩҲὫѪάѪĴڣ⣬ҶյʵҲһֻѪֻǱˮнںѪ˵Ҳ͵ѡ
ҶƺڵҶϽħѪȰ˵ҶԥˣһõĻᣬѵĿǰ򿪵ˣǵʵ̫ÿһ죬İϧıĺĺǣȻǵ޷ȻѾָǵɣֻҪ㹻ܳɹͻƣ߻ٸ鳾ˣ˾İ֣
Ҷ˵ĶʵҶͳͷķҲӵ˰ǵľ綼ûر
ͻƵ鳾˾ĻǱ˵磬磬ҶҲɺ޼ɣ
ҶЦЦĿŷҶҸûԥһ˵꣬Ҿͬˡ
ÿηҶֶһ߸ϵ̬ҶܲˬҲˣҴĿ˵˲ٹȥһЩܣҶ˸
㣡
Ҷһ˿Ѫ⣬ӲĽĻ˻ȥ
ˣģħҿ϶ߵģڴ֮ǰȻҪҵǣ磬鷳㽫ҴȥҪħ


1165 ֮
ʦ뿪ֹҶȴһ磬ģҷʳڤ裬ȥκ֮أҼȻҪħѪպȻⲻҪܵӰ죬ȿʲô
Ҷ̫Ӱ֮ʳڤʯеڤ裬ӱϸıʣȥκ֮ء
ҶȻ˼֣ʦҲͲ˵ʲôˣͷСģֻҪһ뿪̾ͻܵħ֮ǿԹĹ
ף
ҶЦһһصѪ֮УҶҲžͱ

һԹֱ۳εķ籩Ҷϯǹ֮ǿҶֻԼƺѾ˲䱻˺˿ͬʱ߸Ǵŭ֮ÿһһشصûҶꡣ
ڣҶΪʲôλħƬҲŲˣ
֮ʵ̫ˣԼûħ֮УֻվħϿգѾܲס
ʱҶϵǧë֮УȻһڵķճ֮̳ܿһ͹ⷢͬƤһı
ɫƤ֣ЩԹ籩ŭ֮ȻӦһ㣬ΧҶתһȦ֮󣬾ͳط
ӣڤȻЧ
ҶתȻλڵеʦ˵ͷʾԼ£Ȼһ·ĺɫ
Ȼ󣬵ǸˮҶ˵ԹʬǻѪҺγħһĴڡ
ûκε谭ҶȻֱӴ͸˲ħ˫̤ʵħ֮ס
ﾹȻǱӲĵ棬ûκεԹȻҲû˿ֲָĺڰ֮Уеֻ޾ĿտţϷһī֭һħ
ҶһܣȷûʲôΣ֮ǰȥһֱ߳ǧ֮ǰһһȱĹͷСһаСɽСȴָֻϸ
ȻЩͷ˾սħ޺ʥޡ
κζֲסʱʴ󲿷ֵĹͷѾһһͻữɳмȴǼΪӲŸָĹ˵ǵǰԶվ۷ˣΪͨ졣
ҶûйͣԽЩͷǰֱ֮߳ԶමȻصһ¡
ǣ
Ӧ˺ǵĴڣϲȻӿ˽Ųһȥ
ǰڳһͷɫľǣ׳Ȼڰ֮Уƺһסһ㡣
˫۽գû˿˯ˣҲȥˣ˺ۣദѣ˿֮ѪҲѾɺԣҪࡣ
ǣ
Ҷ˫ȭգжҪǰ壬ȻǸ˳Բˡǣ
ĵ磬Ϊ˸Ҷȡʱ䣬ҲսҶߣֱѹ
һκǵƣǴҪ̫࣬ٴӱϿѾҶȻһ˿ϣΪʦ˵ǻһ˿ʶδ
ҶԼʶͻʶ˺ǵڡ
һɫ΢λںǵü֮ţǺǵ֮
ȻʱϨĿܣ֤ڲû
棬Ҷ޲һ˫˲ʪ̫ˣû
˷ܹҶ侲ʵ˵ôصˣħ֮УԹ籩ŭ֮׵Ĵݻ֮Ȼţʲô֧ڵģ
Ҷϸ۲죬ڷ֣֮Ȼ΢ȴһ˿˿ͬ˿ϸĺɫ壬ԴԴϵӿУͬȼһάŻ治
Ƭħ
ҶȻ뵽ʦǰ˵ģԭħޣ
Ƭħ֮ħҪʥ޶Ķ࣬ˣΪħ޵ĺЩԳΪڵħ֪ǵͬ壡
ԣЩħǣǵûн˺Ƭ뾡취ħ֮г֮ڣܵĻ֮𣬲
ǺǵˣκεطҲѾ͸ˣȻȴƫƫ⴦ħ޵ħ
һ̣ҶȻ;ǵˣҲ̲סҪл죬ѵõĿ˴ۣúǵԻ
һ̣Ҷٵ飬ȡǿѾ֮һĳСǵüģ뵽֮Уʼͷų嫵ǵƣ


1166 ħ
Ҷվħ֮أΪơ
ò˵ǵʵ̫ˣǺͰצûõΪʣ㹻޲ƣ޲꣬һ˿ܹһ޷Ȼǡ
;ѹһΣȻڲԣܶǵǰҶʱ˫һ˿ʣһ̣ĳ׷
һµʱȥǵ޸ϣΪ̲֮ضգϵҲҪȬֻȴһֱûѹ
ֻҪһûѣҶһ첻뿪ֱǿŷʧ֮ջ֣һ
ܹԼһ㾳ķûˣҶȴû˿źܹȻǣʧȥеĳҲν
ֻҶҲ֣ΪʲôǵƶѾȬȴȻûѵļ
̧ͷͷҶһ۴Ϸħ֮һ˿źĺɫߣһµʱһ˿δϹ򣬸ɴԱߣȴǵͬʱԼҲʼ
Ҷ֮ϣʮɫԼ򵽵ĲɫƲϸʧǻһ㣬ʮ㡣
ҶľѾﵽ鳾ôҪĿؼ磬Ǽǲܵ飬ֻͨѨλ
Դϴ̫Ѩ֮ͨҶѡѨλֱΪӭѨͷѨ
ԷΪĴ󲿷֣ͷظ֫
ÿһѨҶҲҴͨɴĴ󲿷Ϊ˳ͨѨͷŴѨѾͨ߸ֻʣӭѨͷѨһȫͨ
ͬʱҶҲŴʥսսʽԼ긮ͳϡ
Щڻδսʱó񾳽޷֮ʱϵĴθ
һµʱҴҹȥ״̬µҶͻȻһΪ˺ǵСӣһö
ҶΪѹˣѾһͬȪһ㣬Ժ
Ѩ֮
ǿ֣ҶʱסˣͨѨλģ֮£ӦǳѪһ֮⣬ûˣȻǾȻԼһƪĺѨλйصĹ
ôǺöɣץɣҴһͷħļƬҵģ
ƪȱĹҶԿ϶Ӧڡеġû뵽һͷ̫ʱڵħ޾ȻţȷǺõĲٺõĺöˡ
ͬʱҶҲˣʼûѣΪȥħ޵ļƬ
ͬΪħ޵ĺ˵ʵ޷ľ޴ô
СӣЩħǰļƬʵ̫ˣ漰ʧĹһЩܣһҪһʱգҪܵҾ͵ȣȲҾ뿪ģѾûˣ
ҵ㣡
źһ뿪ҶǾԲĵģԼҲԳʱúоһβȱĹŶڵԼԻ󲻵ĺô
ҶҲû뵽һȾĸµʱ䣡
ħѾˣ
Сӣǿ뿪ˣ
Ѿָԭ˫֮гЦĺǣҶͬЦŵ˵ͷã뿪
ǰ·Ҷ󣬺֮Щɫͬī֭һħȻԶ߷ֿóһ·Ժ谭ֱԾħվϿա
ܣˣ
ʦȻ뿪ȴܹ֪ħе֪Ҷû£ȻҲȥ
ǵ֪˵˾ȻʦʱϲҲ¶һ˿𾴣λȻǰ·ңΪԳƵǴȱΪµĴʦֵκ˵𾴡
磬ټƬ̣ھͽƬħߣ
ѪҶͷֶҶͷҶĺ߶֮£ѪݷһµĺۣͷųӴ
ħһɹɲܱ֮Ϊˮĺɫ۳һɫľǰ̵ĳѪ
Ѫ߲ݵʱ䣬ŽƬħȫ˽ȥ֪ħӴ
ħʧ¶һɺԵĴأһ·óľȻҲչ¶˳ģһλ񣬰׷صĺж
磡
ʦ
ҶͺǶϲĽгڼʦ
ʦ̧ͷҶ˵ͷ֮ͻȻſͣʱǿ֮еĽɫ·Ҳȫ뿪ԭȵλãĿС
ȵнɫ·ȫʧ֮ʦǿݵ֮ϾȻɢ˵⣬¶ƤǱ˽ɫ˿ͬһĽһ㡣
Щ·ʦ״Ȼѣ׼վʱſһѪЦҡҡͷһػǧĵط
߰ɣ


1167 ʱ䲻
ħʧһ۷˾޴ı仯ӵĿ񱩣ռ𵴣ʱ̮һ
ʵҲˣʦĻ˵ԭȲûкۣӲĿٳһռ䣬Щǵʬ塣
ʬʧı䣬⴦Ҳ·
˲ҵӭͬҵź֮ȥ
¡¡
һľ촫ۿʼ̮Ҷǧһ֮Ҳ˳ĳ˳ȥըʵ̫Ǹɼı˸ֱӳ˺ƿ棬û֮ϡ
ˣҲûܹ۵ĸۼֻ壬ȫɿ֮Ʒ˳ȥҲֱӰӡ
ûۻɣоȻӰӣòЩӡħӳ˰ɣ
Ӧòɣ˵ӡħӴôֻˣòǸҶɣ
ȱܵʲôˣǿƬѾҷ񣬺Ҫˣǿ뿪
Ҷֱû˴˶һۺ̲סЦǴѲʦջⶼϲ£
ߣȥǣ
ãҲǡͷϣǵƶˣǾͿԱˣ
໣
һǺ쳹գǴĵ׷⣬ǲ׷ɱǵǣǻֲ̿Ϊͷħ޵Ľ
Ҷֱ֮أȻȴǵĲСǣĿĴʬǣ
ܹǿĹѾ׻ٵˣصʬһ塣
һĻҶͺ׹ߣǶµʲô
ǵھ˵ǧ֮ĵطץһֱֻӴڤ˽⵽һС
Ҷ֮۴һµʱ֮󣬾д֮أΪѾõܣ֪ħޡ
Ȼһսʹ˷Ȼ˳ѩ˷ֵջΪѲڣʧֱܣһҲȫ
ϢǣЩҲҶ۲ûΪԷһûн˳ɱǹѺ
֪ľǺҶŭ죬ǵķӦҲֻһ֡ɱ
ֻɱֹɱѪĴ۲֪Ҫȥħޡ
ʦ岻ѣѹǧ꣬ķ̫ľڵһĺߣǲ꣬ΪˣҶ˻磬Ƚ֮취Ϊơ
ʦȴܾҶĺ⣬ѯҶܷаնԿ֮Ҫ뿪ȥһҶһҡ
뿪֮ǰʦҶһСӣ澹Ȼƺ͵·µķӡȻ֮
ӣ㲻Ҫ򿪣ȵ޷ѵʱٿҲ͸һ
仰֮ʦǰֱӳһȿռ֮ţҶͺǵ˵ͷС
ѿʦȻ˥ʵԼߣȫλϴķӡΪ׵ľ뿪硣
ſռ֮Źرգüͷ΢ôʦʮżǲǡ
ǲûаѽȥĻ˵ҶȴҪ˵ʲôΪԼҲͬĸоʦʣµʱ䲻ˣż
ͬʱʦһϿգſ³һѪҡҡͷĵܣʣʱ䲻ˣΣҪһǸң
ʦˣǺҶȻҲûĹ˼ɣ̿ʼչ
ѰҸܵ壬û˸ܣ岻ӭ֮ѣ˳Ҳᱻץߡ
һ̽Ѱ֮ҵ˸ܵ壬ҶĶҪγˮ
ԭΪ˽ļ岻ǣȻȴ벻⼸ǵѵ壬ĵܣ
һʱ䣬ƬԲĺ֮УȺ𣬽˳ǵĿУһ˵Ϣͷħ޺Ƿǵûñǰӵǿˣ
ҺһĻǸΪҶ࣬ʼնֻĮվһԣδ֣
Ǻǿһ֮ݻ壬ҹЩҪǵĿڣ֪ħ޺ǺҶˣ
Ϣڼ֮ھʹ磬޵ķӦҲһеĵģеĺ£еЦеӡ
Ȼܿ죬һϢ˳˵һͷħ޺һ࣬ħ֣ʿҲ
ΪİԻʣҪԳ֣ɱҶͺǣ


1168 Ӳ
ԻʣʣʵȵȣڶȾӵһѹϹļλʡ
ҶѪʱ򣬲ΪԻҪˣΪɱʣ˵ԻһЩѪԵϵһˣȻԻҲܽӦ֮͡
Ȼ˵ϣԻʾȻû˿Ķ׼ǰ֮ǰҲҹϣ˹ͬǰûб̬
Իʽ棬ҪԸҶǣȻ˷ܲѡ
ԭ򣬴ΪʼվסںУǾȻ壬͵Ǻݺݵĸһ⣬ûжĻǾҪЦˡ
һսչܱʿҲڴһ࣬һͷħޣζԿϵǿڡ
ȴûκεĻӦǴʧһȺ޿ȻΪǺԻʣҳˣǸֽá쳹硣
࣬ħޣǲǺ𣿳ͷڹһ棡
ҪǺµĻԹԷΪȥԻʹԻܹԭǣ
úˣ˵ԻҪ֣϶Ӷˣﻹ¶棡
ͬʱһΪȵɽ֮УҶͺϢĴӵǱ˹ѾõȷϢ˽˳ǸץˣĿǰ͹УҪܷǾȳ
ԻʴϢȻҲ˵ˣûзϣں£ܵ飬ԻǿĹҶ˶ɱںһλʣ
ΪҪľǾȳ˳ǣһȫȫˣùʹ򣬴򲻹˾ӡ
ȵĹȿ֮Ȼһͷߴʮ׵Ĵ񣬻ëͬմɵһ룬ԣ˫۰գ澫䣬Լ̺һ磬һλʣڣǷҶǡ
ǺҶ˿̾λʻаҵʱͣڵŰ취
Ҷۣһ磬üҲǴ˵ֻۣħ˸ڿǰĵ¡
Ƭ֮󣬺Ǵô죬ǰ¶нƣ޷ټǰˡ
Ҷû˵ĸŵ´ڵĹ˼ܷõƺ͵ˣǱȥ
˼֮ҶҡҡͷȻܹõͻƽƿ϶ᱻ巢֣ҽ˹УҲ޷ó󷨡
ֱӲ
зɱ⣬ΪħޣΪ壬ѪҺ֮оһɱսĳɷ֣ħ֮յЩħǰļƬǿħԣټ϶ȷʵ˳ޣ޲ýȫɱ
Ȼ˵ֻλʣδʵΪʮ֮һǵϢп϶ʲôǿķѹ˵ǵǵУӲĻ̫ðա
ô죿ܾܲʹ˰ְɣ
ҶȻҲľʹ˰֣Ϊȷһλᣬκ嶼뵽Լͺǻڷ˼ϵʱˡ
ҶһҧӲȳ壬ţסεĿǾˣֻҪǾȳպеǻɱǡ
Ҷǵĺǻɱ𣬵˾ˣǰһ۵⻹˵ģҷֵػ
һһ޴ӵð΢ϢƬ֮Ҷźǵ˵ͷһӦ֮ᣬͬʱѪҺʼڣҪǿ״̬ٶȣ帺عȿڵλһɱ
ò˵ҶѪɫΧս۷״̬֮վԱ߶еһ󼫴ѹ
ɱ
Ҷһ˻һ⣬ľת˲λ˫ȻԲȻѾ֪Ҷɢǹɾɱ
ȻûпҶȴܲµĳǸħ֮⣬Բ˸ҹסأ
ߣ
ʿзһߣ˫չʮףȿȫڵͬʱ̧צӣץ˳Ҷ׼һצӽ˺Ƭ
һѪâĿĹ⻪޾â˺ѿռ䣬ֱӳʾצ֮¡
ﬣ
ѪͬȪһʵֻצ˲룬ûüҽУһֻͬСɽһȭͷѾȻǰ
ȭͷֳ֮һƬ𺣵磬湬ڵӰҽУͬһ㡣
䣡
һѪĽֻϡһѪ⣬ɱԼ˶ûп壬ԴѾըࡣ
չ죬ҪߣȴһָֻסҶü֮⣬׵Ĵ֪˳˱ѺĵطȴҲһõϢУȻλʣ


1169 һһ
屾ȷֻλʣҶɱһλʣһλĲһ壬£ΪԷһҲɳһס塣
ҶͺǿҲܶԿλ֡
һ̣ҶƬ̵ԥľ˲ɣԼͺǿȫûʦ֮⣬û˻Լˡ
ʶѾֻ߳ܰһҧȥˣλᣬ¾ҲûܽǾȳȥˡ
ѶҶҲͲԥһλʵ꣬˲ȣ
ȻҶٶ㹻죬һλʱɱʵ̫Ѿ֪Ϯɲ֮䣬ͷ˳
˿̳֮⣬ûֵܹסҶסƬʱҲ
ҶֳѪɨȭսʽѪҺڣӦ֮ٶȴﵽ£ǿ壬ңݿһ㣬ӲȺްΧ֮ɱһѪ·
󷽣ҲѾʮ׾ǣһ̤£ȳ⽴ֻ֮һɺɫâһһ㣬֮ʱնΪأܷԲ֮ڵĴ֮ϣǲϱ仯ʱʱһƬ棬ħ޵ʵһͬ¶š
ûҶ֮ǰѾõ磬ħĳټħ֮ħ޴ļƬҲʾ硣
ħʣ֮УѾܾûгֹˣ
ҶѪ壬ǴѧѪͰҹ干֣ȻԸΪǿ壬ǺͺǾͽ˸츲أ֪ʵ֮졣
һһѾ嵽ȵģʱһֻצҶͷץȥͬʱӰ˳λڳˡ
Ҷ˿壬ϷһȭһƬ뵣գצһ촫צը˿
ǣȥˣӦûһλʣСĵ㣬Ҫս
Ҷ˳˵Ĳ֮Դ֪˺ǣȥȣԼ취סλʡ
ܺʵǲҶһ֮Կλʣڲԥʱ´Ƭʱ䣬¶ᵼ¹һ
㵱ģҾ̾ͳ
һǺ֮϶ȻһƬħޣĿͬӵ֮һһɿֲԹ˲ϯȥ
ǣħޣ
ԣħǷеħǣǾȻȫˣ
ȻǼ󣬲Щħ޻ȴҲǿѹֱס˲ˣǾͳᣬ˳˱Ѻ֮
ڵһ֮УʣһλʣɱĵбѺŵǸŪ֮ɫĺ󺺡һڽ̵
ǵģǰֻ֮һˣˣǱ˺ʱҲ֮У
˳ʱİ취Ƕ֪㱻ץҲΣգΪָҪػģԸɴɶƣȫУҪʱĻͱҪ˺꣬
һ廹ûޣȥֻ꣬ܽȴ˽٣ߡ
淢ȻѾ֪˴סأҶԷֻһһޣ
ʷϻδֹҲؽΪһԶ޷۵㡣
ͬԲ۾ʲôɣӵֵˣҪʶȤĻͳңҸֵ˵˵飬û׼ܷһ·
ž
һצӾͽԻʸȷ˳ȥصײ·µǽ֮ϣͷ࣬Ի˺ΪҪߡ
վֲȥµѪȻԾɴųЦݣ˫֮ȴɱûԷɣôб½⿪ҵĽƣһָͷܻ
ʾҲȷһֻϧ⡣
ȻҲȷʱΪΨһԽΪʥ壬ֻ磬ͬԿʡ
ʸٿ³Ҳ͵ˣҪɱ¶ᱻ˸
¡
һ죬Ǽյĺشֱӱһɴײķѣһͷ޴ĺǹЮſֲϢ˽
ͬʱҲʱ˱ɱˣɢܣȫĿͶ䵽ɽȵ룬λʺһվ


1170 ƴ
Ҷǵȵĺడ죬ڵǣҲ뿪˵ˣ
ϹһλĵһҶ޿ɻĳޡ
ҶȻλʰΧ֮£ȴη壬һЦ·𣿡
󵨣
ʶȻ֣һͭ¯ڿѸٷŴ󣬱ͬһСɽСҶͷϷ졣
Ѿ֪ҶǿĹ֣Ҫͣмʳ֣ҲֱӹǸ÷ˡ
ҶʵҲͲŷԼΪĴ򷨻ȽϺʱ䣬ֻҪܳŵǽ˾ȳôʱߡ
ͭ¯ĳ֣Ƭɽڵ¶ֱʽһָͭ¯ۣĻͬٲһʱҶк£ɲǼ佫Χ
Щ·ܹطپĻ棬ҶﶼҪֿˣûԸԼǿˣǷ𣬶ŵϺŵĻ棬ߺ϶Ϊһ֮󣬸Ǳ켶档
Ϊʱ䣬Ҷϻ¶˾֮ɫ֮ɢѪ⣬װԿ档
ȻȻ׼һ¯Ҷλʵλѵ𣿡
ɱ
λȻŹҶǴ壬Ϲ廹壬ǶҶϡ
ŭУλʾȻȫӳһһ˸׼Ҷͷ£һ澵ɢ⣬Ҷȥ
ӦöΪƷ׵ķҶɾװȥˣͬһѪʾӣȭһƬͷԪˮ֮ˮͭ¯֮ͬʱӦ֮â˸Լһ⣬ҪӰΧ֮
һ̣Ҷǽбȫʩչ˳ûи˿ı
ȻҶѪ֮ڵ״̬֮£սﵽ۷壬Կ׻һλʣλֺϻͬʱȻˮ
飡
Ѫھ֮ϣûܹ飬һʱѲã⣬ÿⶼͬһĽ𽣣ǵصĴҶȭͷԪˮȻʱֿסͭ¯е棬ȴҲδܽ佽Ϩ
ҶҪٶ뿪ǲܵ飬ΪλʿվʵȴԸԵ·۳һС󷨣֮䣬Ļơ
䣡
Ҷͬ˱ڣӿѪһƬѪ⣬жȭͷ֮Ѿ̳˲ɢһգʣĽǻȭͷȻ޷Ҳ˿ڣѪ߰ߡ
ɱң֮Ҳң
ҶŭˣոգԼλʮ˸˷ѪɳסԼλʡ
û˿ĵ飬֮;ӿβųһԲΣſеǸͭ¯ʺȻȥ
ҶƴˣѪ첻ͬʱסλʣɴֻסһλȽɱˣȻٶԸˡ
㲻Ҿ㿴ʲôŽ𣡡
ͭ¯ȻͷĽ֮£ɵֻͭ¯֮дһȻѾ֪Լһ٣
䣡
汩ǣ׵ľͽͭ¯ճһ̲Һ壬һһ˫˫죬Ȼ̯ҺڣҶҲԵĸо¶ȾȻһ˿
˵ѪѾԼʼͬı꣬УҲ
Ѿŵɫ԰ףû뵽ҶϾȻҲһԵԼͭ¯Ҫǿ̫ࡣ
ͭ¯ʧͣ˹ȥȵ¶Ҳ˲ʲôˣæߺλң
֮⣬λȻոסˣҶûǷжɣһѣҲǺԥĳȡ
λͬʱڷѪϣֱʮ˸Ӿʣʱпܱ
λǺһӡ
ʿŵкʵ
ԼҲǷָ˱࣬һֻȻʮ׸ߵľ޴𰣬ƴȶҪ֮ߡ
ȻѪҲǼ糤ͬʮ׸ߵˣȻε֮Уĵȼ塣

죬ҲȲ㣡
ҶѪΪԲٿػ棬ǽԼӰһλʶӷĹҲǸͬܡ
ʱǵȻҶߣ


1171 Իʳ
Ѿɹɱһλʣ˳Ϊڵķӡδ⣬޷սֱӽ˻硣
Ҷǵĺвһϲ涸Ȼ˲ͽʸճ˻ҽ
λʲһƣٵһˣҲͲƣֻҪץסûܳɹߡ
λôܷҶ뿪ǵ棬ҶһλҪҶܵʵ̫ûˡ
ΪͬʱһݺݵһȥضһڵĽ˳һӽȶɼһ̺֮ǿ
ҪǱУѪԻᱻϣҶãڹؼʱ̽ͬʱϸֳһ׻ɫսף˫Ȼŵ¶ȥ
ӱߣôλʵĺһȻͻҶҶûʱ㿪ִ֮£ֻܽδʩչĳԻٽЩȫֵһ
䣡
һҫ۵ĹâƬգҶһѪ˶ҷ˳ȥصˤ˵ϡ
ǿгףټЩĵȻǱҵĹǶϽۣ˫֮ϸ¶ɭɭ׹ǡ
λʵĺһŵĻпС簡
еͬʱλʵİΧ֮˳
һŰС֮ӿ˲壬ҩȪΪˣ鿴Լƣ˫ڵһţֱϵĹͷʱֶ˼ͬҰһ֧˳
ߣ
Ӧ֮ų⣬ҶȥȻ裬ǰкڿ·ҶˣҲܵסġ
λҪ׷ǵͷ֮ϻոסƬǸ岻
λҲͬһһɫĹţҶʱѾ嵽˹ȿڣһУոʱСԶڷ
ûոķλҲ֮׷˳
ҶԾӦ֮ᣬ˿ˣѪҺҲָƽٷڣ߾ȫҲ޷λʵ׷ɱ
Ҷסǣߣ
ǵ˹ҶܾУûˣҲλʵĶ֣ңǹҲ֪ͨˣò˶ã¾ͻиʳ֣ɣҪߣ
ɣ
ǿҶ״ʵڲѣķٶҪﵽԼıϡ
УңҲ߲ˣߣģҿ϶ܵ
˵䣬Ҷ¾Ȼ˸򣬸ղŰλʺһվˣ£ʱλ˺֮ľ롣
䣡
ҶǿٴѪҺƴٴһξ룬ǣ˵£ʩչֻѩϼ˪
ۣ
ҶŲģһѪ۾ʼˣԾɶźǴߣߣߣÿռ֮ߣ
Ҫһߣ˳ںȻʲ
ҶӣǵݶҪҧˣʵҪߣܹˣռ֮ſʱˣҶô죡
Ȼ֮䣬˾ܲ˵ĵתͷҶߣһ쫷磬Ҷǰٷȥ
סߣ
װĻ磬ҶҶȻȻѣһѽץסҪսлһҪߣ
Ҷٻͷźǵ쫷磬ʩչȫͷ񱼣
Ȼٴ۷ܣΪǹ˺ǵĺ⣬˷˿ΪԼǻıᡣ
ڣҶľǾߣӵԽԶԽã
˺ǵĺ֮ͬʱλǳӵŭԼ춯صıըȻѾˡ
ȻʱһͬͻȻңԶķ֮⴫Сѣαôż뿪أ
ո£ҶֻǰΪ֮һһӴֱӺب֮Уա
һͷٳ˰׵ԣ˶ԴͬһСɽһֻĥ̻Ҫһ˿ŪעԼ
ǿԻʾȻʱˣ
Ҷжʱһ֮УԼ۷״̬ٽѪ֮ڣ¶һԻʵĶ֣˵ڵ״ˡ
ǲϧĴԼ뿪ȻԻʵĳ֣ȴǳ׵ĶϾԼϣ
ǲҶʧٴҾԻҲѵõ¶ݣǣ˭ԸȺһս
ԶһɢŽɫâˣ𷢷裬̤գһĳ˹


1172 
ǿĴԻʳˣǸҶǶеص̫Ϲ龹ȻҲˣ
ȻϹʼҪҶһսǿĳ֣ȴҶиеһ˿οô˵ϹϾ࣬ҲֹһεİԼΣӦҲΪ˰Լ
ϹߵĲ죬ǽվҶߣԾǸĮı飬Ҷӽֲ״̬޷һսˣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˼ʧ
ϹҡҡͷýһλԻʣӦǿܺһսɣ
ǿԻʣȻֻǿһս
˿Ļ˵Ҷ϶Ҫ˵󻰣ȻϹĿ˵ȴҶ޷š
ԻͬҲûзŭֻǵɨһϹӦþǸѾĽ޵ֵ̫˰ɣû뵽ܵˣҪһսԣҪҽ֮󣡡
ȻԻ֪ϹģȻѾĸûֵ¼
ҶҲԼеˣλһλսˣȻһһȥս֡
ϹĮĵҪŵĻȫڽ֮ٽࡣ
ԻǾ޴һɱϹûнԼѾǴԼϣȴǲϹ飬ͻȻµһֻצӣҶȥ
Ҷҷ죡
ԻʵצӿͬСɽһ̫󣬵ȴ̲һɾ޴ѹѹҶãҶȴԻʵǾ仰ʲôзԼ죡
֮лܹԻʣ
ˣ
ҶȻףֻ˲ܹԻʣҪԼ죬ȻҪԼ͵죡
ʱ˾ָʮ˲¾ҪԼ죬ͷȴŸƣԼӱˮ硣
ѵ˵Ҳͬһ
Լͺοɾ˴󵱣˼Լȥ
ʱϹͻȻһ˿˵ȻֱһȭӭԻʵצ˹ȥ
䣡
Уһɾ޴ըҶֱӱϯǧ֮⣬ݺݵײһɽ֮ϲͣɢԻѾջצӣ·Ϲ鰺׶
˵ˣҪţӦȽң
Ϲ龹ȻԻʵһȷ̫ǿˡ
Իʶʱɫ䣬һСС࣬ѵΪ𣡽ƴſҲҪɱ㣡
Ȼһӿ𣬽һֻ޴ٶȼĳϹȥ
ֻ㣬Ҷɫ̱ˣϹĮҲǱɫΪֻµ㣬ֱһ㣬Ÿ޷
䣡
Ϲ·𻯳̫䣬˫Ȼסֻ㣬ȴǾҵĲţաꡱһϥأӲĽѡ
СԣΪһֻϣҪҵǲֵ̫ˣ
ٶ𣬽һһɽӵ߳Իʵġͷ
߾ȻԻʵ˫վͷκ嶼һĪ裬ȻԻȴûһ˿죬Ĺ֮ɫҲҴ
ߵĳ֣һɾ޴ѹҲ֮ڸطۿ壬ȫĹȥϹ飬ϥأ˫Ȼֻ㣬з֨ҧҲŬֿѹ
Ҷȴؽҧ嶼ҪɸԾǿûйȥ˫ĶͻȻֵߡ
ˣ
˵ѹҲؼֻ˽磬궼ˣ
ؼ֮ǰ˵ĻڳˣѾ޸Ǻͷ˽ͨٴνٷ˽硣
ȻȻӣԻ֮ĶԻѲ³ʵˣֻʩչҪϹͬһڽ¡
ͬʱѪĵ֮УӰضȻ۾ī˫֮һ˿⣺ˣȻٴ˷˽磡
£ӰصѾʧ
ĳ֮УѰһҵʦҲٿȻ̧ͷգ¶֮ɫҵûдˣʣʱĲˣ˰ˣҾһأܷܸ
ʦǰһȽɫĿռ֮ţ˫ֺʲ֮˽ȥ


1173 ɱ
ͬڵɽھҵĲɽƬѣλʺͺҲѾֹͣ˴򶷣ѪģͬʱֿλʣȻֻƬ̵Ĺ򣬵Ѿˣλ֮Ҳ˸ˡ
ȫ𾪵̧ͷ죬ǵҲͬ΢΢߾ܵĵֿž޴ѹ
˵ѹ
ǸվԻԴϵߣƺûйʩչκƣΪˣȻɢϢ÷˽糼
ߵĿ⵭ĳλһɨҲֵסͨһڵأȴҧ֣ǿĲϹ¡
ߣƺҲԸͺһʶջĿ⣬ȻǿеֿϹ顣
̫ĺ˰ɣ뵱һôҫޣȴ³֪ҪյĻԻͣƾһˣԶأ
£ֻ޴㶸Ȼٴη¡һϹ˶ֱӲȵɽ֮УȻԾֻǵϥأ
ҡҡͷĮһЦ˽࣬һԴܵķˣŰɣӦøеˣҲģ
ȻλΪҶʱҶһڿŶԷѹһҲŬĴ߶ҩȪԼơ
Ȼ׶༪ˣҶԲֿϹԹ־ܵˣһ˿ϣҲˣҲҪȡ
Ҷ
ߵĿҶϣ߸ϣӸ¸Ҷ̬֮Գ˲м
Ҷ
ҶĮĻӦǿǰһ
嶼ǳԾѣ˾޴ѹ֮£ܶҶ֮徹Ȼж
Ȼе˼˵ϴСֳ˲ٷ粨ǲΪûˣһЦ϶Ȼ𵭵⣬ɢҲ֮Ӵͬһ㡣
ҶʱоΧѹͷڿ죬Զǿ¶ֱӱƬ
ߴҪҶ£ɱɱϡ
ҶѪҺٴηȻ״̬֮ʩչ˺ǳ󣬵Ϊһɸۡ
ϻ¶һ˿֮ɫ˾ңֲûɱˣ
һ°ͶҪ˵ϣҶྐྵȻ˵ɱˣǼ٣ߵȷû˿η壬ƣѵʲôԱ
ߵɫȻһҶ𣿡
ҶһЦɱ𣿡
ҶˣţҵԼΪ˽Լػ죬ϾԼźܶǸȤĶҸղԻҲ˵ˣҪԼߣͬһŶԷɱԼη塣
Ҷ˵̬ȣߵɫüΪѿһߵɱ㣬̫ʹˣҪúõĥ㣬ȸҹ°ɣ
߶ȻһָͷֱӴԽǧ׵ľ룬ҶͷҪһֻһ㣬ҪǿҶ
ûе˴ԷˣȻһָͷȴҶ޷⣬ʵĲ࣡
ȻҶԽս֣˺Ͱ֮Ĳ࣬ͬһغ蹵һ㣬ʵѪ֮ڵ۷״̬ҲǶ֡
Ҷ澹ȻǸѵĴһһƣӲԼµĺĿͬҧ֮ѹʲôͣҪǰˣɱʮأ
Ӳ
ŭˣָͷȻѹͬɸɽʱҶͻȻˡһ죬һڹ
ڹ⸲סҶ壬ȻľͶסߵǸָ
ˣϹ鶼Ŀ࣬ҶȻܹס˵ָ
ȻҲ֮ɫףӣвٺöԹТҰɣ
ҶԼʵ㣬Ȼзֵܹ֮ķƷױȻߡ
ֻҶԼǹ䶦Ĺâ
䶦ȻǱԼշˣԼ޷·ڶһʼճ˯Ȼ죬ܵ˵ѹȴֵֵԼһΣѡ
Ѿйâ˸ָѹ£һֻƣӲӣҪҶ˶ץ
䣡
һҶڴɫĹ䶦ڳѣֶҶͷϷ֮ϸ·ͬһͷųڹ⣬貶Ŀ۳һֻ䡣


1174 
Ȼ·۳󣬵ǵһ֣壬Ϊħ޵ĺǣʵԻʣǸ߶Ǹоһǿİ֮䡣
ɰɢİͬǶ˵ȴǶʱĸо֫һ˵ϣĲˣ䣡
Ϊʥ֮һ֮Ĵڣ½ǹ䶦̻һȴͬӵŲַϡ
˵¶˾֮ɫǿҲ壬ʥ֮һ䣬ַԱܵη壬ȻӲԼ۾ҶϾȻһֻ䣡
ǻӳȥѾղˣѾҪ䵽ǰ˵ֻ޴ƣ赭д̧һֻצӡ
飡
צӾȻֻƸץסˣȻһ󣬾ߵĿжʱһҽУѳֻѾı״
һĻ𾪵鶼Ŀ࣬ţһֻʵ嶼߱䣬Ȼܹһλ˵Ƹ飡
ޱ𾪣һʱ֮ȴûеӸҼ֣ƣע䣬е㲻֪ˡ
֣û뵽ȴ׼ô׵Ĺֻ۵צٴ̧𣬶һצѾߵͷûκܹ壬ôġ
צ˵ͷİȥ
¡
߾ͻȻشɽһ㣬ѹֱӹ˿УԵķ򣬺ȻҶ
ǳʯ쾪һĻ˶Ҷ
ʱ˿̣֮䶼˳ŵУһλ߸ϵˣȻһϵķ˹ȥ
ȻⲢҶΪ˾ǹˣƺҪˡ

߻عзŭĺУ˵һּµ裬¶Է䣬Ҳ˲ˣ
ɣ
߻ӿâӿؽԲһɾѹͷŶ·ʱֻΪ޷ֱֵӱѹ⽴
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ÿһâ֮ж̺貵·׼䶴ɽأҪҶУ;֮ˡ
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ȻҶڹ䶦ı֮£Ȼܹоÿһâ̺֮ǿĲԼܿ˵ġ
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Ͼû壬֮ʵ༫
ߵĹ˰֧ʱʧȻûжҶκ˺ǹ䶦Ϣȴȥ
Ȼȫֵסһλ˵ȫʥ䶦Ҳеû֪ʵ䲢ûг֣ȻѪʼ涫ķӡ⣬ֻоҶѣǿһ˿ʶѡ
ҲܾˣҪȫ˵ˣ¾ҲһܹǶ֡
߹ҶʱҲڴצ˳ֱӡ
Ҷȴûǵ٩¶˳Ū֮ɫԣһͣ
˿ߵɫѿ˼㣬˫֮ɱҪˣû䶦֮ǰĲˣʥʵ̫¡
ҶϳŪŶԷȴƴתͷ䶦ؼʱ̳֣ãһԼĿǰΣ֣ⲢܴӸ⣬ԼҪ취ߣᱻԷץס
ӣ
ǾԼߴǧңʰΧϹѾ˵֮½ѳվɫĮ֪Щʲô
Ƭ̣Ҷֻܾðճһ£Ϲ֣ĻȺ뿪ɣ
Ϲ鵽ʲôˣǰΰԼʵҶҪӣҲҪһ
ҶϹ뵽䶦֮£˲ŻɵҲߵΨһᡣ
Ϲ鿴ҶԥƬ֮˹ҲɵǿҲ˵Ķֻ֣̹䶦пߡ
źȥͬҲе˹䶦¡
̵УʼվڿעţȴûҪ˼Ҷﲻе㵣ģҲ֪η˹䶦֡
Ҷ׼򿪿ռ֮뿪ʱ򣬿ͻȻĵĿĹ⻪âɢ¶ĸӰ
һ̣Ҷǣ´ûκαϹҲɫֵĺȻλˣ


1175 ˺
ʿ飬һҲδܹһλˣȻ죬֮ϣȻȺλˣ
һ£綼ˣʮ壬ͨȺȫλȻͷųѹ۷ݵڵء
䶦λ˵ʱҲ̲סη壬֮С
ֵλ󣬾Ȼգǳеĸڲ߲ͬʡ
ҶϹж˸Źâһ̣ǵҲһ˿λ˵ѹ֮£ܹߣοֵλˣȻҲ󣬵ÿ˵ȴٵıһЩҲͬǰλһҲˡ
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λˣĿ磬ɨһȦµ磬ǿҶͷֵĹ䶦вԼͬһ˿ɫȻѾʧǶܿó𶦾Ǻö
ڹ䶦֮µҶˣλ޶ãǽĿڶͣƬ̺˻λߣһЦһɽôʱ䣬Ȼûнꣿ
λȻΪɽƺһղ֣
û˼ԼղűצӰ£òҶµ˵ĻصҲͲûˣԹ˶Է˰ܹοǻ壬Ǹ룡
ֻ𣿡
λһ¾뵽ڹ䶦С

ߣһѣ䣬ҵҪ𶨵жôŹ֣
£һλϲͬϸƬѾŹ䶦ץȥһԵɽͣջǱϣʮϣܹٴγ֣ԼͬҲԸ
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ףе˼⵽ʲô
һλҲȤͬʱ֣ھλ˹ͬԸ䶦ʱöɢĺɫâȥ
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ҶƴĴ߶Ҫ侪ѣٴγ֣Ȼӿ붦Уȴͬʯ󺣣һ˿ûг֣Ȼ
λ˺ֵ֮£䶦˾ҵĲոհȥĹâһεȻӲĵסֻ֡
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λ˰಻סˣ˶Ȼͬ죬˭ܵõĪ컯ͬ
¡¡
䶦һζ֮۳·ٴη⣬ʱҶӿһ˿ϣû׼Ļٴγ֡
ߣһֻѣ𣬿ҷ㣡
λ˵һִֻɲͬǰλһȥץ䶦Ƿ֮䣬ɫ·֯һŴ
뵽䶦һֻʥ䣬ΪͬԼһ뽫ӡ
λȫˣһλķӡ֮ڶֻֻܿԼһƬõĽɫâ
ڹ䶦֮£Ҷо˼ԷԼľ޴ѹĵǣ䶦ֵܷסλ˵ľȡеĻҪǽ䶦ջڡ
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Ҷ׼ƴԼˣҪ䶦ʱ֮ͻȻһߣ
ߣ
ƺֻⷢȴλ˵嶼һͬʱ䶦һޱ߹âһɷ֮ӲĽֻȫԼ𿪡
ţಡһ䶦ȻֱûҶڣٳˣ
ʱ˿̲ûȥں䶦ˣΪʱԭʵͻȻڶɼһ޴ĺӰԶӹ֮һźڲһ׵赲ס˹ߡ
޴Ӱǰһ۵ͷ΢΢壬ģһһĴʾͷ˹
Ƭ޴ӰһźӰһǰҲһڵסա
ɲ֮䣬ޱߵĺڰ֮С
ͷҶжʱ¶˾ϲ֮ɫĶ󺰳
̲סʵҶʶ˭ôоҲһλ˰
ҶһͷʶʶҲӦʶӰأ


1176 ۽
Ӱأ
һѾʧȴ嶥Ĥݵ֣
ҶոѧӰսǺ֪ʹʯ֮зסľȻӰصʱǾǳ˼еϣҶܹĤһӰء
ӰؾȻĳˣ
Ȼ̬ӣͣ˵ĸоȴһɽһ㣬ܹ֧һգκ˶С
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ҶҲ֪ӰصжǿպǵĻ˵ۡƺ֮УǾǾϵĴڲʹã֪۵ʵҪһҪߡ
λ˵Ҳ̲סһΪˣǶǿߵĸоҪ˸Ա˴˶ʮͻȻֵͷʵԲԼ֮¡
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Ӱأ
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ڣЩҪΪ£ۣǸǲܵ顣
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λ˲ĺӰ˺һǶԷߡ
ӰȴҡҡͷȫҪߡ
ߣһλ̲סˣһӰأǸӣҲôˣȥȷǺǿǽȣѵΪһܹĶ𣿲ҪҪһۣҪڴǿɾֵ̫ˣ
Ӱ΢΢ֱŵ壬˫֮һƬڣڶһ㣬עǰλ۶û䣬ǾԿ
ãȻˣǾͱǲˣϾѧ
λҲŭͬʱƶ۸Χ
ܿܿؼ䣬ƽȣλҪֵĻϺһɷ񣿡


1177 
һͻȻÿһ飬ѭȥʾͷһϺУһ
ʦ
ǺҶһۣϵ˷ܸˣǻӰصģǿͬʱλҲһܹ࿹⣬ʦȻ֣Ǿ˵ȻʵһսģܹӰطֵһЩѹ
ʦʵȻû죬ûгΪˣǧǰѾ鳾ĸ֣ڷۣѹħǧ֮ãôƾõʱ䣬ٱ˿ҲһЩͻưɣ
οʦԭȿŵĺˣ̽û׼Ѿķٵ٣뵽˾졣
֮ʦĳ֣ԻƷ޴ı仯λɫӵѿ
Ϊ߸ϵΪ˽ץ໹ֵС£Ȼȴû뵽ڷ˽оȻҲǲԻոճӦѾӰأðһλߣҲѿߵʵҲǲԼ֮£
⵽ôˣͨող޸ǾǵһˣǶǴðģ
֮䲻ʼʶ̸Ǳȴ߼һֽʽʶԼ˵Ժö죬Ҳ±͵
Ӱع컯һֻӰҲа취˽磬Ƿߣûпܰ
ҲһǰߣŲ£ҲҲһͨأ
ô죿ͨرգڷ˽ȴ´ͨûʲôǱڹر֮ǰҶͽȥȻԽ
һĸֱסǶˣɽ㸺Ҷͨ
ܿ죬׵ӰأѾߵǰʦɽվʱ׼
ʦӰغʮһǰ
ȻʦҲ˼ң¸أӰصǰȷֻ
ӰؿĻһʦǣ
֮ǰûм棬ʦȻ֪ۣȴǸҶҲûȥܡ
ʱҶæǰλҽݴ磬ʦ
Ӱص˵ͷ¶֮ɫԭҶĴ磬ѵѵã
Ϲ΢΢üë֮⣬ȴûʲôӦΪҲ˵
ôɵĻҾȥ磬ɣ
һλ˾Ȼȫǿʵ޷ܸͣɴֱӳˣ
λѾľ磬߸ϣΪ壬ǻϲսʱʹԼԵС
жʱһֻ޴צɢ貹âӰץ˹ȥ
צգȻնץˣ¶һɢľ޴ĺڶףʱпܽӰظק֮С
վһ϶û˿ı飬ĿצХ
鶼𾪣ѵӰؾ׼ӲĹʵǿֵز
ǶŵֻҶɫ򶨡
צͻȻھ۵ֻмԶĵطͣţޱߺӰ֮жȻһֻͬĺɫצһ
䣡
צ˲ը˷ĩ̻ͬһų貵Ĺâʧһա
Ӱӿңǿϣɱ
λֱֻʣ°أѪģѪ죬зС
λڶˣӰصӰս˷ʤͨٿص˵ӰӶƵ˱
ѹצ˽ǰ޷ԭǱ۸סˡ
ɱ
λͬʱ֣ǲӭսǸԼԼɽ֮⣬ʣµһҲʦ
˼սϿչˣ
âɣǧǳٲնֵֽǣ춯أ
ӰȻʧ뵽һƬ޴ĺӰУֱ࣬Ǹߴ׵ޣ˺ƬӰͬʱӳҲǱ֮Ӱ
ʦԺһȦ̫ͬķ֣貣˫֮һںڵĽߣҲѾһսһ
עѵһ˼ս֮ϣΨɽȴһΣȻʧҶǰ
Ҷû뵽ԷȻԼҲֱѪ˶ԷǺϹҲͬʱ֡
ǵĹɽ˵ȴû˿вֻУͻȻһһͬһĹŹַĳҶࡣ
ʲô
ҶȻһͻȻֽһӸ˺ǣʱȻһɫ˲佫Ҷβס޷
ɽ¶ЦҶ죡


1178 Կ
һɫݺύҶ֮ϣͬһһƾŬ޷Щ
Ѿˣ˵ˣ˱ϣҲһܹ
ɹץסҶɽԵõһɨǰĲ죬ĵ
ҶӸԼʱ򣬾ʶ˲ԣ˿㾡ȫɽһԵϹҲˣϣֹܹɽҶߡ
λǿߵĹɽԵֿܵκεв˺ͷ֮Ĳֻ࣬ҪһûгΪˣͲҪԽսз졣
ͬʱӰغʦҲҶ״ҪԮλͬ˷һģƴĽǲסַֹֻҪҶͨôǵˡ
ҶҲ֪ԼûκߵϣˣֻܳźǺϹǿߣҪң
ǺϹοߣǺǣ˫֮жҪγѪû취ǻȥҲܽҶнȳ
ɽĿ֮£Ҷ嶸Ȼſзȥٶȼ죬ǺϹıѹסãֻĿҶӰԽԽߣԽԽԶԽԽС
ӰضȻһŭ𣬴ޱߵĺӰ֮͵ѾȫֱͦӰֻ֣ͬʱץ
ţӰص徹ȻǼ̫ıһڻһ̲ˮʧ
ԭնʱһƬڣֲָһɹɺɫ˷Ȼ֣նʼҵƺըޡ
ɫɲǼòҰޱȣǶϳˣӰµһսӰ
ڿУӰؾȻʩչӰٻ̫֮ӰǺεȵΰ
Щ̫֮ӰԵصף֮УѪĵģɹշһֻ̫Ӱֻ̫֮ӰڣʩչҪɱλ
ʦн˸æ˳ս֣ȻӰزûпڣ֪ȻѾǿսͬʱסǾԼȥҶ
ʦһ⣬ȻڲҶʱ˿̣ҶͷϷȻѿһڣХݺᣬһɹɻӶֵ̻֮ơ
Ӿͷ˽ͨ
Ⲣһճ͵ͨǴڼȲȶ״̬磬磬Щ壬ǿ󵽿˺˵˽룬пС
ҶУΣԸ˵ˣпܻûе죬Ѿ˷飬ޡ
ʦмٵŷţһֻɫҶ֣ҪҶץһըһСָ״СĻ𻨣Ʈ˽ɫ֮ϣʱһը
Ȼ֮ͨдڵκһܹ׵ĴݻʦҲС
ҽ
ʦһ嶸Ȼɢ⣬ͬһ޺󲽣Ҷ˹ȥ
˵ǷԷ𷨴Ӷ崦һֶݵǿ״̬򷨲֡
ȻЧôʦ׼ԹȥҶֵͨķΧ´Լ룬סͨ
Ȼʦٲά裬֮ͨͷųĲͨǴ֮ͬһΡɽ赲ĽŲ
ৣ
ʦüѿһɫС˳֣ü֮пʼУ࣬࣬գգգգգգԿգ
ա֣ÿһʦĿкǰĿ֮оͻᷢһ죬ֱؼһ󼤵һ޴Ŀռѷ֮֡
֣죡

ӵѷںȻը¶һƬ޴ĺɫգ֮磬ͻ֮Ǽ˲٣ʦԭٲάĽŲȻȻԥ߽˺ɫգ˸ĽգһѣգҶǰ
ȫ𾪵˼£ɽӶҪɳˣǿ˽ͨÿһִڵǱԴ֮ǿ޷ȻʦȻͽ飬ѹס֮ʵ̫ˣ
ܣҰ
ֻʦǿµǿ󣬵ֻҶˣʦ֮ͿʼѪǲǺɫѪǽɫѪ˵仰֮ѪͬȪһӿ



1179 ع
Ҷһ֪ʦԼΪۣҪֹԼ죡
Բ鷢
ҶɫͻȻƽϻ¶һ˿΢Цʦ磬ҲҲҸҵֻԼܹգչ˺ҵѣ磬ֵܿ϶ټģ
һ̣ҶȻԼԼļ֣ɢȥȫһƬëһٵĳ˶֮С
ҶͷǲϿѪȴʵʦ·˫ĿԲɱ纣㷭ӿĺǣɫĮ̫ͬһɢŽϹ飬űɫӰӰΧŵӿһŨŨź
ʵ£ֻҶ̫źϾôûɣô˵ûʵ֣ûкԼ׽˺ѵ
һ𣬲ǻ¶Ҳ޷ˣ
ˣǣˣ磬ˣ磬ˣеˣ
ΨһҶοľԼǷӦ죬Ӹ˺ǣס˵
ӰغʦڣҲ޷˺ǣ
ҶȫĽ뵽֮ͨУֻвԾ磬ľףƺԶĺڰ
ڱպˣ
Ҷ
췢һĺУ
ɽһЦСӣýˣҶȥˣ춼ȥһˣȴ׽룬е˲ǰûôˣȴֻ
ɽȻ֣źǺϹͬʱ˹ȥ
䣡
һֻɫĴͻȻӿ£ֱӲɽ֮ϣҼȥӲĴ͸ɽص˴֮ϡ
ʦûҶ뿪ǰ˵Ļչ˺ѣ
ȻͬһֻһĲڽ£Ȼɽû裬ֱȸղҶ»Ҫŭ
ǣΣΪ޷ſѹŵֻţ

ȻҽмͬʱĹѪͬһӿ䣬ţĸȱҲ֮¡
֮ϣޱߵĺɲǼ۵һ𣬵֮ӰصӰҲٴγ֡
Ȼˣԭ͵øӵƵ֮¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
һ֮ͬʱɱλ
ս飡
𣡡
ͻȻһŭ𣬻һͷͬߴ׵ľǣӭһ׹ʬ壬ſȻһڽʬҧȻҲ̵ֱ˶С
˵һѪ׵ɱ飬һͷ˺ѿռ䣬ǵȫǱʿ˵ΪѲƷҲΪ̺̫ǿͰֱʳҪƳɵҩ
ȻǾȻܲ˵Ľһͷʬֱ¶ӣΪֱ͵ɱ
ѪʺСǿֱӳű˿¶ɭɭĹͷѪģ࣬ðѪȴǺһ
ҪǿҪǿҪɱϾ죬ɱ
ǵ˻쳹֮䣡
Ϊ˱ǿϧϺ͸߰ԭмڿʳʳַʽΪڣҶʧһжͬˡ
Ҫֻʬ壬ǿľԼ̵ʱڱǿ
䣡
ֻʬ˵ϣɽѪϣͬĶҺһ˲佫ǵʴ
Ȼÿֻ嶼֪ܹʳѪĻǾһ컯ǿϧûкǵ͵οѾֻʬԱߣѪ˫֮֮г֮ɫԼƣһҧһʬ塣
ˣ
ʦһ㣬һкǵüģֱӽ궼ӡȻӦأ˻״̬
ʦٲֹɺǼһͷʬĻԻᱻ̫ǿ
ʱ綼һļž֮УǿԻʣҲѾһСԣһɽ֮ϣκε춯
ҶȻʧˣλȻӰظֱӻλΨһʣµλʦýŲڽ¡
һɮһ̫£
ʦӰأĿ߰ɣ뿪
˵֮󣬴һӣǺͷʬʦҲϹ飬ɫĮĵлҼ
ʦҲǿ˵ͷ̧¶˼Ҫȳɽ֣ץסӰѾ򿪵Ŀռ֮š
ſռ֮ŵĹرգǻָ


1180 Ϊչ
ľϢ֮أĿĪͻȻ˹˫ۣһɲ֪ı˲佫ΧҪһͬս޶¡졣
Ҷ
Ī˵֮ᾹȻܿƵӿ˳˲ģ˫ۣûһС
һ̣Ȼоһʮֲõ鷢ˣҺҶйأ֪ʲôֻƾ޼ɵš
ſڣĹ徲ĳ֣Ī磬һ

磬ҶƷɣ죬ҶԪҶȵȣеҶһͬܵһɲϢƺһΪҪˣھʹԶ롣
鲻Խѿڶ
ɽ֮УһеȻסԼؿڣͻľҵʹе㲻֪룬֮΢⣬̧ͷգڵķ۾֮͸¶һ˿ɫ⣬ţʦ

Ѫ磬Ѫ˶˴ӽ֮дһˡ죬æأֻܿһƬĿѪ⣬˱˴˶һۣ޷׽صζʲô

н磬ԯǱħԯ콾ԲóѪ֮ƶȻȫҷ˾ҵ𵴣Ѫ죬ӳ˴ա
ԯˮͬʱſڣ˵֣

磬Ŷȣˮ֮ߵȻ̧ͷеգĪ¶һ˿ŭ͵ǣһԼԴôֲõĸоѵҶ

һ֪֮УӰغʦȺ֡
ȿȣ
ּһʰƺҪοȳһһɺɫѪֹ֮ͣ˿ԡ
ʦ֮еѪҲֹͣʣǽɫ֮ϣȻδɺԵĽɫѪ
ȻһͬʱλһӲĺ˴֮ȴ˲СĴۡ
һЦ֮ʦֱӽɽ˳
˿̵ɽûָ߸ϵΪĽ˫֮гη֮ɫǰߴ󣬵ȴΪ֮Ӱ֪ȴԼĽʲôˡ
Ӱظûи˵Ļᣬ֮ͻȻһɫӰӣֱɽü֮С

ɽоһ˺ѷεʹ࣬ϿٵĸֳһӰüĶȻѿѾ˺ɫ˳ӰصС
Ƭ֮Ӱص£ۡһɽֱӱը˿Ϊֹλ˽Ѿȫ
ʦʼһԲվһԣʱſӰأ¶һ˿
۳̾һ֮зӡûп̫Ķֻ֪ͷ˽ͨȷѾ޸ȶ̽·ģҪҶ죬µ
ۣÿһߵĴڣ˵ʵе㲻ףΪʲôһССķҶȻܵ˵ӣۡ
ʦȴһжΪѪ
ѪǷѣǿǶԾв
ȻѪ죬ȴΪħĳ֣ȨյѪ֮УֻҪѪһ첻ʧô˾һ첻ᰲ
ʵʮʱѪһŵĶʼսţÿһεѪܹ֮Ҷͬˡ
ȻʦҲ֪ΪʲôôɵѪɵһǱǽĶǿԿ϶ǻþһа취õѪˣĶɱҡ֮УԲǳɳ
֮ʦ̾˿ԭܶɹ֮٣û뵽ĲΥ
Ӱسŵ㣬ѵŵˣ
ʦ¶һ˿Цû뵽ǰ֪ţҾŵˣ·ңֻʣһʦˡ
Ӱصͷ˵йŵ飬һţ̽ա
ĻҲ˼˵ˣʦȴǲûзϣȻӰһǰһ󡣡
˵
뿪֮ǰίҰչѣֻҿ޷ˣǰΪæչˡ
Ӱ˫֮īʦһۺͷȻֻȻأǲΪҪ˵ⷬ
׼٣ǰ죡
ȻҶѾ˻죬޷أôʦģԼҲǰ죬ܷҵ
ȻӰȴҡҡͷɼΣǰ죬ҲҲҶ
ʦȻ̧ͷΪʲô


1181 ˾˥
죬Ȼֻһ磬ȴΪӴ󣬶УڵķԳһ˲ɽ߲ɳ
ʦΪߣ𷨣ɹ٣Ҳֱӳڷ뿪ܹȥҵҶأ
⻹ʦ֮Ͼûȥ졣
ʵʦͿԶ٣ΪˣΪѹ𺣣ͬʱҲǽ˷ǰµǸ֮ó֮ȻӲƭ죬һֱƽµĳŵ˽졣
ҪٵĻȻҲܼ򵥣ֻҪӭ١
ʱڷ˽ɣӰ̾˿ʱ䣬»и˽磬ҪȥԸǣȻǵĳ֣˽һƽ٣
Ϊʲô
Կ̽ʦһ̾ԼһʲôĺӣȻʳΪʲô
Ҳܹӵ˵ʵֻҪûоٵϴȻǸˣܿ̽Ҳֻڷ˽磬޷֪ڷ˽֮ϵľ顣
Ӱٴ̾˿̧ͷ֪Ϊʲô˽𣿡
֪
ΪǺܿҪԷ˵ΪԼ
ʲô
ʦȵ̲סһʵǳķΧ߸ϣܵˣΪʲôҪԷ˵ΪԼ
ѵΪ֮󣬾Ҫ
ȻӰزûϸĽֻͣҡҡͷֻҵһ²ѣʵ྿ʲôҲ˶ֻĵھ˲ʸ֪
죬е磬Ҳص磬ǿۣ˽⣬Ҳֶֻ֪ѣ
ʦԾ޷ͻʵǰΪʲôĲ²⣿
Ӱ΢΢һЦͻȻʳһţ༰⣺㿴ҵӣǲǺϣ
Ȼʦȫʳ˼ȻСĽĻشΪ֮һƤҶѡ
ʵﵽһ磬ıΣеϲϵеϲеϲһ㣬еϲһ㣬ʿòǴﵽ˾һ㶼Ҫ
ǺǣЦҡҡͷҲǷΪʲôרԭ򣬿ҲΪѰҳһͨ·

Ȼ鶼׷ûֿܹջ
ʵҵʵٷͨ죬Ҳ޷ҵòˣ޷ҵƤٹ⻬һ㣬Ҳֹҡһָָָյ֮У̬ӵ˲ǵҪߵͷˣ
Ҳֵˣͻ˥࣬˥࣬Ҳͻˣ
ȻӰصĻ˵赭дÿһִʦĶУһһþ޷ȻҲ޷⻰ĺ塣
ʲô˥࣬ʲôе˥ࣿ
ԡˮһ˥ࣻ껪٣ڶ˥ࣻ𣬵˥࣬˾˥հ
ӰصĻ£¡һ촫ʦӳ˼лع̧ͷʱǰѾʧȥӰصӰֻͷȥʬͻԲѵĺǳ˴֮ϡ
СУȵ˽٣ټɣ
µһ仰ʦǹĶſʩһֱӣĬĬ˼˰֮ҡҡͷֽǵ˹
ɱɱɱɱɱɱɱ
۾֮Ѫ⣬оȻ߸ɱ֣

ʦһѹס˺ǵҲǽûعһãȻ֮ٴ췢һĺС
Ҷˣǿ˾죬ǺȴΪֻĿҶ뿪úǵгʹͷŭ
ǣҶȻȥ˾죬ȴδؾǱ֣֮
ʦһ仰ǽǵķŭʱѹסˡ
ģ
԰֮ͨд֮˺ƽ죬ڻ죬ڵʵҲǴ粽Уٲά裬ϣΪǰ
ȻʦԼǰҲãôֻú취ˣǱʵҲﵽ֮ټͷʬ壬пҲӭ٣Ϊ
ǵ۾ʱһͷã
ţҲӻ˳֮һѾץס˺ǵǲҶˣ


1182 ͷ
˸ִ֮֮ͨУҶһʬһɴ֮ƶԼڲǰ
ʦ˵֮Ƶһһܹ㿪д֮Ĺѹǡ
һУѾںˣȻղʦ˺׳ֻοʦĻ
뿪Ϥ磬뵽죬ʼնԼ˵УԼȥ
˵ʵѾʶˣɽ֮еκһˣ㶯ָͷͬһֻһɱԼԼͬ˿⡣
뵽ԼĽ֣˻ǿнѪԼ֮гȻٶ֣Լͻᱻǿѹɷ顣
Ӱ߹ģʿûо׵ϴô죬Ҳᱻֱѹɷĩ
Ҷһеϣ׼ĽԼ
ȴһڲԸ־ܡ
Ҷѣ
ҶҶ֮һΣΣΣʮ֮Ҷ˷Ӧ
㻹ռҵĻôɣͬˣ㶼ҵѪӡҲΪѪһӣ
ںˣҶȻҲںԼ塣
꣡
ҶжȻһѪһ̳Ҷһ˿ڡ
޴ʹҶ̲סг
֪ۣûҶŪ֮ɫĵҶ㲻߳𣿡
ʲô߳ܵģұͲ˵Ķ֣
ѵħ죬ԯ콾࣬˴ʥս𣿡
ҵȻûĸ֮ţĸһ콾أʦ֪ԼʲôطֻܽѪһδεͳȥϣܹõĴУȥҵȳȥǣǶ飬ѵΪҾ𣿡
Ҷڴ˻ţӵõѪһֱڣЩʵĵײţֻʼղԼȥ룬ʼմֹ۵ͷõķȥ룬Ȼ죬Ѿʧȥϣ£ȫ˳
ҶעҶ꣬ȻѵõûзŪĵȷҲҪ֪ÿ˶ǵľǵսһŬĳɹ㣬ϣܴʵδɵԸȥȳħ죬ȥƷ죡
֮ǰɳ֮У֮Ƕʼվ󣬽߾֧ܵ㣡
ԯ콾죬֮ʬǱأѪɺӣճħ֮
ۣ࣬ż죬ڣĤݣɾһ
УϤ̽Ųߣڷ˽磬ȴþͷ۲ѣ֮֮
ս죬ս˫һ·򵽵ڰ죬սδһܣдʥʤ֮
ӷҶĿУȻһ˵˾Ÿ֣
Ҷֱʱ֪ԭԼȻоλʦʦ㣬ÿһλȻʧܣÿ˶Ժգ˽Ҳûж֪ǵĴھ죬ǵȴÿ˵جΣ
Ѫʮ
Ѿҵʮһǰ죬㻹ǵã˵ҪҺͬԿ죬ʼûи𸴣ڣҾʽӦ㣡ϣһΣ֣صĵھ죬죬һƷʲôΪҵ°ܽ
Ҷ˫֮տȻĶҶȴĻش
ҶĬţ
Ҳ֪˶֮Ҷ˫֮һĻ棬һɲ
ڷҶĵͷ֮£Ҷȼ˶־
Լʦʦǣǵȥһһ漣Լǵ־ǵĴУʵûԱ
˵ĶԣҲܾܾװ׵ңôҲǵʮһλѪ֮
Ѫ֮һΰݣԲ£
ҶҶѵõһ˿Ц⡣
˼㿴ЦˡҶŵε
ʵѪˣ̬Ҳ⣬Ͼʦʦ㣬ǳΪѪ֮СҲʮ֮󡣡
ǵģҶ㣬ŶʮѣʮõѪʱ䣬Ѿһ߳ɳΪһǿߣֵԵ˽ץγһ漣أ
ΪʲôβûгЦңڰң
Ҷѹ֮ʳԼеɻ
ΪѪѪ֮
Ҷ¶ЦݣͷãѪھ֣ȽϵƿҪ


1183 
ҶҪΪԼдˣһҪƿԼϲŵ
һսһһֻܶһΣͻʧЧķ磬Ϊ
Ϊˣ̺ΪֲԶԶǿһĽܺʥ࿹⡣
ΪץסҶϧһӰصʱɽûʩչӲҶϣ֪Ҷӡ
סҶὫͨһͷѾڵȺҶľ˵УҶٲҲ޼ƿʩԣڳŻûе֮ǰƿҶдԼ˵Ψһˡ
ҶɫϾĵʵ޼᲻ݣƿƿ֮ͽıִ֮ܵĹֿסͻֱ䣬޷ֻ֣Լ
͹ɣܱȱ͵˼Ҫõ㣡
ղҶѾϸˣȻ֮⣬ǲеطڣֻҪСĵ㣬ʵԱܿġ
ҪĵǴ֮Ҳ˳ľͨ
Ҷ¶ƵĽʵʵҪƾƿǲܵ£ֳֻѪȥԿ
һ뿪壬͵ʧȥıʱд֮ޣһҪСġ

ҶϢƬ̺üѿ˳
һ̾͸оɿֲܣһɶ׵Ľޡ
˿Ҷ壬»䣬ԱߣҶҲſѪ˳
꣡
ͻȻһԱը޴ıըһ򣬲ˤȥòסȴм˹ȻСıܹҶҲһ亹
ڣҶʺ֮ѾĴڡ
굥սһֻڿпʼ̻һɫ·ҶԼеĵơ
Ҫƿ·۳ɵ⿿Ѫķ϶УҪԵ̣
ȻһƵƳֵʱͨڵĴ֮ȻÿǱ۵һ㡣
纣ҫ۵İ׹⽫֮ͨȫããһƬͬսһ㣬ӿֱײԽԽ࣬ڰ׹ӳ֮£ɼܵĿռ֮ϾȻҲʼͬ֩ѷ졣
ãĵƺĴ㣣ǵķɣͨпҪըˣ
Ҷ֮оȻһ˿ɼķչԤϣҼֹۡ
ͨըһô
õĻͨһ˵ĳڻƫƣӶĵطõĻҶʲôʣ
ǾͶĶĿɣ
һҶϣģڸִ֮ѾһּΪҵ״̬˿ƿʧȥҶ޷ܣɴ಻ȥǼסԼ
ҶüѿѪ룬Ҷ˫֮пʼųֹâ۽Ӳӣͫʻһ̫䣬ͫʻһ
ͬʱʩչ˴Ĺâڿн㣬Ȼ۳һʵĵƣ
ҶȻҪԼĵӴ֮ķɣͨӶը
龰ҶѵõĿ佱һҶһҪ񣡡
ȷͷ˽֮ͨУҶȻ뽫ͨըΪ˿
ҶҲ֮٣Ϊ˵вͣŬŬܷӵһ
ҶѾûʱ;ڣ˫ݷС磬һգһ¹ģâӳһƲۡ
֮ͨڵĸִ֮ܵһ֡ǱӵķͱƺҲ赲ǵķŭ
磬ף磬ȻûֱӹҶȴ֣ܽͷųÿһᲨӵ֮ϡ
飡
ȻֻǼӵĲ಻ϵײ֮£ͬˣɲ֮䣬֮ϾȻͳһ˿˿ѷ졣
ҶǷҶɫϾϿôǸصȵͨըͻֱӱ֮Ӷʣ
ʱͨǰһ˿⣬ⲢɺҫģһȻĹ⣬Ȼڿ쵽ˣ
ҶȻһѪǵΰɣ
Ҷۿ̻ƣڿڽһġơ֡
һֳ飡
һȻ촫ͨɲǼããһƬһУع磡


1184 
ҶΪѵ۾ǰһƬѵĿǶˣͻݵ㣬Ƣͬʱһɹɾǰ̵ë֮룬оȪһ˼¡
֮ȴǴ˺Ѱʹ࣬һɾ޴ѹһɽѹϣá
ҵû
ĬĬ˵仰֮Ҷٴ뵽˻֮С
ȻȷǺõ˼㣬׷ͬʱҲһɾ޴˸ǸͨΪͨըԭ趨õĳλ÷˱仯͵ĵط
ڣǷ˽绹ǻ磬û֪Ҷںη
ҶıԼˣûԭѾȺڳڴ˵УΪԼƴһ֮ǣ֮ײȴˣңĻȫͬڷ硣
ĿһɳصΪ֮ѹδ׵壬޷ӦѹΪҶԶͬʿǿ綼ѹһֽˡ
Ҷһһԣججȫ֪ʱȥ˶ãڵҩȪ̵ʼͷųɫܴ塣
ڣҶ˹ȻûȬҲ߰˰ˣǰļҲȫ
ֻǣȴԶ֮ѹѹдĸоֻܱſŵƣΧ
һͬˮīľչҶǰ
һߵɽ֮ϣһƬɽ廷ƣɽϳ˸Ҷ޷гֲֵǲһֶǳ٣ɽ֮һƬ̲ݳʻãɫ޵˼¡
һԶɽγȻԲΣ̵ܲɽͰΧʵʵƣһЩ֣ƺһׯ
ׯȶһѵϪָߣ϶¿ȥȻһԲεİͼ͸һֲԾʵĹϢ
Ҷüͷšһĵﲻǻôдׯѵ˵ׯĶ𣿡
ĲˣҶҶԺѾǵʮһˣƺ˲ٳļ䡣
ѵͨˣ˵Ƿˣ
ô˵ʵͷ˽һЩ˲ԭסڴˣڴˣȻ˽еķˣʣҪǿ̤࣬·ĻҪ˳Ķ࣬ȡõĳɾҲǳˡ
ʵȫԽ統һ߼ķ磬ԭʹŸָ飬ֻǵ𲽵ҪǸߵĶ࣬ʱܸоֲˡ
ҶеԽܣͬΪ飬ǵԶȷ˽Ҫ˵̫ˣƽȣ
㣬ҶһߣͲƽȣ̥֮УѾûƽȿԣ
һû̥е飬Ȼ˵һһĪķ̣
ŷҶָҶ򵥵Ľһ»Ĵһ˸Ϊȫ˽⡣
ĵʵҲǺͷһɽˮֻҪӵ棬Կɸ߿֮еĸɽҲԿڲ֮еľ޳ǡ
ȻĵطȻٲ˸мҲɣӰټңȺ۸ݣΪǿۣҲƿ졣
򵥵ľλķԳһͬƴޱȣۣҲҽԼУڷҲͬ˽һȻչ¡
ȥ֮⣬дСС޷ͳƾͬ۹ϽѾ˻󲿷˵Ҳ㲻ʲôˡ
ҳֱһҶ֪ؼҺͷңļҡ
֮ĸӳ̶ȣҪй֮޲Ҫ㣬ԺɣҲǳѣҶ嶼ûо׵ķ˵ѶȻҪӴࡣ
ҶĽܸһʱҶ񣬿ʼ鿴ԼĿǰ״ȻˣôҪ취ȥ
޴ڵĴ֮ѹȻһּΪǿǷʵҶδһĥܹӦĻôҶĺôҲ޷ģٵǿȣĿԳˣ
ҶԼ״ոռ鵽һ룬͵۾Ϊо·Ǹǵɽ֮Уһ˳
ΨһҶеĵĵطʶʶڻ첢ûбΪЩ֮εø


1185 Դ
ӹȵ״ׯ߳ǸˣҲͶʮ꣬ʵòʵȻͨˣҶȴĸоǺ
һһϸϸĹӣӵĶ˰һ˸΢âʯͷ
ֻһߣһеĹڵϿĴȥƺѰʲô
ڸʲô
Ҷ̲סҶѯʡ
̽󣡡
̽󣿡
ǸϰŵʯͷΪ̽ʯԽΪУ²нԵĿĻ̽ʯͻᷢѡ
Ҷˣе벻ͨׯ϶кܾõʱˣô⸽ʲôصĻӦñ̽ˣô˻Գ̽أ
⣬ҶҲ޷ش𣺡㻹Լɣ
ߵ·ߣͨҶڵɽ壬ҶҲ޷ֻĿŶԷһߵǰ
ã
ҶѺõ¶һƵЦݣ˴˸к
Ȼ˵ıȴǼ˹һ־Ĵһɽ̣
˵֮󣬵ͷܡ
ɽ̣˵һȻγɵɽоΣҶȻ˵ֻû뵽Լһ쾹Ȼᱻ˵ɽ̣˻λˡ
ʵֻǷ˽ھЩʿǵһֳƺʵϣһԭͨˣˡ
ҶЦźֵܣҲʲôɽ̣Ҳһѵˣ
ҶĻ˱ܵĽŲȻתӣһߵˣһĶҶƺȷû˵ѣҶֻܾıϵ΢ЦֱⶼҪ֮ͣ˽ŲֿʼСһҶ
Ĳɽ̣
վھҶʮ׶Զĵطͣ£ѯʵ
ҺһǻˣֻҸղűһֻϮˣܶ
ҶѾԼϢѪĴڣ˶޷͸Ȼʲôˡ
ԥƬ̣ҶĻҪǿҶò·ϣϵİ߰Ѫ
Ǳʲô޸˳ģҿңȻﶼ֪ұȥǴׯ
˿־֮ڻָıԣҶڣץסҶ˫֣Ȼֱӽ䱳ϡ
ȻҶΪˣҪĴ֮ѹΪԭסȴ˿Ӱ죬Ҷͬһɡ
ҶҲˣԼڷ˽Ҳ߳Ƶĸ֣ڻȴǱһˣҪ˱Լߡ
˲Ҳֱڿ죬һ·֮ϣҶôѾĽԼׯ˵˳
ΪǬǵĴׯΪԴ壬ֳǬҴ壬ΪׯдǬǼ޽Ĺ׸ŮֻҪ̤Դ壬͵øǬסڴ˵أϢҲ֪˶ٴˡ
Դ˿ڲֻܹ࣬һٶˣȻûʿǴȴҲһЩ򵥵֮һǿ׳ޱȣѧĺӣ˫۶аʮ
Ҷе㲻ΪȻΪȻЩ˵ͱȷͨҪ̫߳࣬аʮʵʲô
֪κһԶԶ硣
˵һżشʮһͷشٽˣԴеͨˣȷǱȻطͨҪǿһЩ
ҲΪԴĴΪ
ȻƵɲֻһҲũߵȵȡ
Ǭ̽飬ҶûѯʣϾԼէʵ̫࣬˻ɡ
ǬĽŲܿ죬һ͵˹ȵף֮УһССĴׯǰ
˴ӣô峤㿴峤ˣﲻ˭ˣƶأ峤Եҩ׼ͻûһ
ǬⷬҶֻܱԿЦǬûмʲô棬ﻷôãǼиͷȵģ㲻ҩɸҲ϶ܺãԼɲͬԼʵأֻԳܻȻɵѹǳҩܹġ
ǬҶ׼ԴʱͻȻһӰƾճ֣Ǭǰ
һˣ׳ͬһվޱ飬Ȼֲŭơ
Ǭ˿Ϊ⣬ЦǺǵĴк壬ɽϾ˸ҧ˵Ĵ
Ź壬Ҷ̲סһ˿裬ΪԼûио˵ϢǴӵðһ
Ҫ֪Ҷʶ֮ǿ˶һܹȻǰȴ֣ܲ˵һ⡣


1186 ŹֵĴ
ޱĿҶһۣһۣҶоӴΪԷݷܹԼһ
ãֻǿһ֮󣬾ƿĿ⣬Ǭǲȥ̽ˣ
ٺ٣ǬԴЦŵ𵴾ңһǲбڵǨƣȥ
ǬĻȻƽҶȴٴһ

Ȼ֪Ĵں˼ʵǾǵ˵һ磬ͬеľһҲǲе֮
Щڵõ˲ȫġˡ֪֮ĶȻǬȻҲ֪˼Ƕڵı仯Ҳʮ˽⣬Ӧʱע
ɫ΢е㻺ͣ˵ͷĵ𵴣޹أ²ȥģȻܣ㽫λֵ͵峤ǰɣ
˵֮󣬹תߣǬŹıӰͷСĸҶ͵ǴĿˣҪõͬ⣬Ҹղ͵͵ȥҿ˻Ȼ϶Ҫ
ǬҶһ˰ԴеʱҶ̲ס˿һ޴İ󰡣
ǰҶɽϣӸ¾ͿӾųһԲεİͼǲûпƵĴڣû̫࣬ΪȻγɵģȻڣ뵽֮ԸоŨ̶ȣҪǿ
ңׯڵĵ·Ȼô龧ʯɣÿ鶼һ˴Сһ·ͨģܹа·
ҶĵĴۣŵ¿ȥȻһâڿգ㽫Ҷ۾ϹȻѾԿ˵£Ҽпǽ˵ƣпܣׯڵλöһ޴ĵ֮Ѩ
Ϊóһ󷨣
ѹָղŹĳԼ֪ΪվڴҲ֮У˵ǿˣ˵ˣ
ǬǴмˣܹжˣ
˸ˣܹһٶʮˣ˵е֣Ǵӵʼά֣гҹôĵ죬ȻһӤŮ˼޵𴦣ôضйǴ壡
Ҷ˵ͷȻһ£ȴ֤Լ뷨
˸ˣϰ֮ҲӦеİţܹʮԣһٶʮǡʮĵıдǬǬǰ֮еԡ
ҶԿ϶ԴйŹ֣ŹģȴûҼȥΪǰѾд֣ȫúĿ
ҶɽޣϮҽ˻
ǬϵֵĴǽ仰ȻΪԼһ˲Ĵ¡
ãǶȽǰλЦмλĴǣҶĿгͬ顣
ڶע֮£Ҷڱ˴峤ļ
ҶΪڴ峤ҲܹһЩãȻ峤֮ȴʧˡ
峤һͨˣ̬ӣͷףۻǣɣϴһ˿ЦݣҶ鲻ԽӰأҲ⸱ϵģ
峤ҶҶ磬ɽϡ
Ǭȫ죬ҶʶʱѾֵˣ峤Це˵֮󣬶Ҷ˵ͷҽǬһǰԴĴ峤ԶҽСֵܲҰ㿴ɣ
ʹ峤ˣ
ǬһߵҶߣ۲ҶƵͬʱҶҲڹ۲
ʶʶͷŵ£ȴԾûзλ峤κιŹ֮
ƲأȥɵҩС⼸סСҰɣ
仰֮Ǭһת뿪Ӧȥҩˡ
ߣҶ磬ұȥ
Ҷе㷢ίʵûϵΪһ֮ǬһȻ˿ûлԼ׵ԼڰԴС
ԼĻ߱ĵĻô⣬ǵˣ
ô˵ǬıҶصԼС
еĽﶼһģһģҲûʲô֮ҶɼҼһڵĶҲӦǲġ
Ҷ磬ҸĸˣʣһˣҲúˣҲ˵˵㶼֪Щɷˣ˵һ࣬ʵһðɣҶ磬ôˣǲˣ˯ɣ峤ȥҩ
ҶȻװ˯ǬĶã⻰ȷеˣҲܹϾûиĸһȷʵµ

Ҷ̾˿ڴϣݶ尵ҪӲվϧ½̵ľʹϣȻһдڵǹɴ֮ѹʵֲ̫ˣûбѹֽƬѾˡ
ŬһᣬҶͷˣʼԼѣĵҲ֪ûдߣǰʹ磬Ӧܹɱɣ
뵽ʦҶȻһŹ⣬ΪˣԼһӣԼ޷ѵʱ򿪡
Լܶ񲻾޷


1187 
ҶѾڽʦ͸ԼĺϣȻ󻺻֮˶ʱסˣ
棬Ȼ߿Ѫ
ȷе˵Ӧħµ߿ų
ΪѪսĲȫ׹ˣһȱݣǾҪӴ޷вϵĳأ
Ϊֲȱݣħ콫Լľſųֱʮ֮УȻһûеģҶȺõнǿŷԼһţһָ˺Ǻ
ʣµ߿ûüȥѰңȻڣȻȫǰ
߿Ѫ֮⣬һ鴫ѶʯҶ֮󣬺ĿʦԼĻ
ԭʦĵһҵʱоָǰʮ磬ǰԽ磬ѰҵЩħµ󷨡
˵ԽӦԼȫҴ߶תȴƫƫûôֻǽѾռ߿ŷС
Ϊʲôǧǰͷ˽ͨͻȻرգҲ޷˽磬÷˽ǧƽ
Ϊʦǰħ֮ǰȥʮ磬Щ֮УкȻһħ첼µľ
ʦеָ㣬߶һתͬʱҲ룬Ӷ˾ͷ˽ͨ
ֻϧ˵ʮֻܸͨǧʱ䣬ҲѾ㹻ˡ
⣬ʦҲڰе߿ųߣڼҶ֮󣬽
Ҳ˵Ҷľλʦʦ㣬֮оеѾ֪ħ쳾Ĵڣȴ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻûԼգԭأнеĳȫռһ
Ҷӣֱе㲻ţԼλʦ֣ȻǰѾŲúһУ㵽Լǰн磬ȡ㵽ԼὫڵĳ£͸ǺԹеûȡߡ
㵽ԼûгΪ֮ǰͽ죬ûоܹ׵壬޷ѹԽ߿ųǰ׼ãʦ֣Լ
Ȼ߿ųҶ鳾˱֮˾ǣֵܹסڴڵִ֮ѹ
Ҷжλδı棬ȴΪԼ̺˵·ʦֳ˸мһɨա
Ȼ߿ųҶҲ֪ԼһȫգҪȴһ
ҹɫ֮Ǭһ˻Ŵ峤ĲҩʼæǼҩҶжѡ
ǬԼûκν飬ȴϵչƴԼԼһܹ
ҩ극ҶǬһֱ֮ԲĸǬԼʿҪҸĲᱻ˴ŵĵطչһ
ΪճĹ̵Уܻ࣬䵽ʱǬɣ˵
ǬһжðˣһѾץסҶֱۣĵҶ磬ҲΪʿϧЩľܲܽҰ
Ҷ΢΢һӦˣڷ磬־ĹǼΪ֮ֻд֮вӵУ񵱳Ҷңֻгйһģôڻ죬ЩΪ˵ԭס˵ǵ㱾͸ߣҪҵһʺĹҲͬǼѵ顣
³Щԭסгɵʿ֮⣬ڷʿӵеĹʺ
ҶʶɨǬ壬ȷԼ뷨
Ǭڷ˽ͨˣǹǿִѪܶĴָϸ൱ĺˣ
뷲˽磬Ǿǵ͵񣬾ԻΪĶ
ͨĹǷ˽ԽϺõĹǶûʲô̫ôΪԵĶͬ
һǷˣһǳˣ
ҶƬ̵ɣ˺֮ҿûʺĹеĻҾһף
ģ̫ˣҶ磬Ҿ֪Ǹˣٺ٣ԺҲˣҶ磬ҰΪʦɣ
òã
Ҷ֣ԼѾͽˣȴûָǣɲӵˡ
Ǭ˿ûʧӣ²ĵҶ磬϶ɣǲǻɡ
ҶԼԴҪǬ˵ըʱһ󼱴ٵȻڼžҹ𣬾ÿһԴĴ
Ǭɫһˣǵˣ
ǣҶһ
ǰҳ֮һķˣ


1188 Ū
ǬȻżҪȥ򵥵ĸҶ˵֮󣬾ʹ˳ȥҶȻܶʶڣæ˶䣬˽γһĻĻĻ档
Դ֮һȺУŸ޵ʿΪ׵ò䣬һİ̺ۣЦ
һȺˣҶӿ˸пȻ֪ǻ죬һԴȺͨˣûʲô̫رĸоͷ˽޼
ȻڳֵȺӿƳ죬ǲ۲۵˾һڷ˽ǶϵĴڣǿǵӣȴֻǷҵһȺѡ
Ļ찡ƣ
ԴĴѾȫȺӦһָǵˣȴû˿η壬һԲƬ֮󣬴峤ǬһڴȺ˳ЦݵĶΪӹ˹ֵͳ죬û뵽ξȻԼ١
̺ĮĵٷϻǬһ㣬Ҫ콣ǵҪϵʲôʱ򣿡
ͳ죬Ҳ⣬ʵ޷ư
ߣ޷ƣǬһŪУҪŪҷңΣ
ҶһǬ˵ǰԴ˵ȷΪǲֻͨũߣȻȴƶҪôǬƭԼҪôǷ֪һЩйذԴܡ
Ǭһ̾˿ͳ죬㲻ţҲûа취ֻܾƣҪ̫࣬еĿʯһʱ䣬ֻ̽Ҫҵ̾ˡ
Ҫ˵ɣٸµʱ䣬֮ҪǻܽͱǷҲˡ
ǣ
Ǭһ̬ʮֹĿȺԶȥ֮ҡҡͷô񶼸ԻȥϢ쿪ʼѰұ
ȻҶ̿Ҳ֪ΪʲôǬҪȥѰ󣬵е޷⣬ΪʲôðԴ콣
óʿǣŷΪҳ֮һܻûʦ
ţǬˣҶҲ̲סʳ⡣
ǬأһҶ𣬶ʱʹ˻ϻӣҶ磬ԭǺͷҵûʲôͻǾʮǰһǸӣڸһǣʱʼҾǺǰԴ˳һÿһʱ䶼ǵ鷳һҪһҪʯ峤ҲһδεĴӦǵⲻϸһ콣Ǹư
ҶɫĵǰĲ𣿡
峤뵽취ǸŪȥ
ȻҶ֪Ǭ˵Ӧ滰ɲţôúŪٶֱ治
ֻһܣǴ峤Ǭһⲻô֪
峤ôŪģ
ӵĺӽɳ˵ͿˣΣĲˣǴĺӽɳѾˣҲҲı󣬱˵£Ҳа
ӽɳ
ҶˣԼɱؼ֮õǸ«װľǺӽɳ
ǬԼɧȻڷҵ˲Ҷȴ˳˼Ȼؼһ벻ͨ
ǾǷҼȻ԰Դ壬Ϊʲôֱӽأ
ȻǵǱȽǿ׳ʿǰľͬһĴڣ˵ˣǳҲׯ
˰֮ҶڵǬ鷳ȥ峤̸̸ҲܹǶɹѹء
Ҷ磬ģǬжʱ¶ϲɫ˿Ҷ仰ʵԡ

̫ˣȥ
Ҷȷ׼ӽɳ͸Դ壬һǱǬĶҪڰԴһʱ÷ҵ֪ԼĻǲԼΣգ嶼ҪܵԼۡ
ȻҶҲǬһϲ̸һ̸֪Ӿ̫ܣǬһλ峤ҲӦòǱϿôͨ
һ֧ʱȥǬǬһˣǬһȻЦݵСֵܣ˵а취ǣ
ʹ峤̸̸
úúãСȥҼҰɣҲҿŵСӣ͵͵ȥ
Ǭ֧֮ǬһŵӣҶǰҶҲżɽĵ峤һЩӽɳӦÿƳ콣
ԭҶΪԼ˵仰Ǭһܹе㾪ϲȻϵЦȴû˿ı仯ȻѾ֪һȻЦеĵ޹»СֵǲҪЩʲôΪ
һΣҶǬһЦ˺꣬ȻˣҲͲˣҾ֪йذԴһЩܣ


1189 Ϻ
ҶʶʲôϺ꣡
ǬһûлشԴ嵽ʲôܣͣòҶĻ
ֱǬһ͸˵ף۶ڰԴڷǳȤҪǣκҲƾռݰԴ壬ԲзεҲ磬ҪưԴ뿪
춼ˣһҹͷӹǲˣϽȥСֵܣӽɳҰɣ
Ǭһ˿ɫվ˸ȻֵݵҶǰ
ҶЦõĽɫ«ӿռ䳾͵ϣûע⵽Ǭһ«ʱһɫ
峤㶼߰ɣ
Ǭһ«ֵ˵ãʮ͹ˣʣµԼŰɣһ䣬«ûñóǵؼ˵档
˵֮ǬһӺ«еʮĺӽɳȻ󽫺«ҶȥٳǰȻðһ仰Ҫܴ֮ѹõİ취ǽԼĵ
Ҷ΢΢һȴǶȻףǬһӦͨԭؼ˵ĺ«֪ԼµԼǴӷ˽δٶֱ죬νƲ޷ܴ֮ѹŻָԼ
Ȼûдʲô̫ϢҶˣԴʵǸ޾巽˵ģǬһֻϺ꣬ҲͨˣȻôγܴ֮ѹ֪
ṩķҶȴãΪ׷ĵǺڴڵĴ㣣С
Ǭһ뿪ǬͻˣλһͲĶʮˣҲǻĺ
ǬһӣǬ
Ǭ˷ܵĵҶ磬Ҹ峤˵ˣ峤ͬĹһҴСһѧ
ǬĶ໰ǬԲ˵Ҳеֻһĵͷ
ãҳ֮󡣡
û⣬ʹȥһطǴ峤ǵģ˵԰ȫ
Ҷ̾ӽɳûаͣ
ǬҶǬһ뿪˰Դ壬һɽ󣬽ҶµҶ磬㿴𣿡
ɽܿ滹иɲݣʮʺϱչء
ԣǰҷȻҿʯͷڶͿˡ
УҶ磬㻹Ҫʲô𣿡
ˣ
ˡ
ת뿪˿ʯڶδشӣڶڲԶĵطȻҪҶ
ҶʮָжԼ֮ܶ󣬾ʹ΢츮֮Ҽ׺õĹ洫ǡ
Ҷ̤ʵҲû̿ʼչأ˼ԼȥҪߵ·
˽磬϶ҪصģӦҲǲܵ£Ȼըһͨ˾ٽһ
Ҷʱڣ˿϶Ҳ޷µ˽磬ÿԼǶһ㰲ȫȻֻҪ˴ģĽ뷲˽磬ƾӰغʦӦÿԵֵס
뵽ʦҶȻɱ뵽˶ţӱˮԼ⹫ˣڶھ죬ֻ⹫֮⣬֪絽ʵڻ컹죬֮ԼȻˣôһҪ취ҵǡ
󣬾ƷĴ٣ҪʱͻܣƾҶĿǰ֮ѹ޷ܵ΢ʵ붼ȥ롣
֮Ҷƽкܳһ·ҪȥߣԼľһһӡȥ
ͳһųҶյķʶ̽УĻһѪ⣬üġ
һɾʹҶ壬ҲֱӳѪѪͽ⼸ͬʱҶѾâΧơ
ħ۵ĳʼͷų̲ص纣һͨѪӿҶ塣
Ϊйһξ飬ҶβӿѨλǿʼǣӿԼѨλ
ԷΪĴ󲿷֣ͷظ֫
ÿһѨҶı⣬Ǵͷʼһ֣һֵĽѨ𽥴ͨͷҲֻʣӭѨͷѨѨ
ڣı⣬Ȼ޷֮ͨ뵽ܴ֮֮ѹֱ˫俹⣬ôǿͣõİ취ȻǴͨйصѨλ
ħ˵ʶصѨλа˸ҶѾȫͨӲ̶ȿȶڷ˽缸޵Уǻ磬ּӲѾǲһõ˺͸йѨ֮Ĺ֮ȴǸ˽⵽ʵѨλ嶼ϢϢء
ˣҪʱͷѨλһţǸΪȴֵͨѨλ
ϴҶͨѨѡĸѨλ˫֮ϵ羮ѨظӥѨѨ


1190 
һµʱȥһֱڶǬǬˣȻɽڴͬ˳ľ죬ھʯķ϶֮䣬һָɫĹâԽԽ󣬸ǵĸо˺ϣſֲĺХһ¡졣
ȫ⵽ô£ΪҶҪˣ˰֮󣬾ɢڻָƽһٷȻҶҲûг֡
ÿһµʱ䣬ɽھͻᴫľ죬ģҲϰˣֻҶĳǽڽ
һΣһʱȥɽ֮УŨĺɫѪ
Ѫ֮УԼƺѪɫգѪɫĴأѪɫ⣬ѪɫĺٲȻͬһСһ㡣
ҶҲѾ֪Ĵŵ״̬ɫƽü֮ɫϥׯϣòѾڵҶһģһɫ֣Χ겻ⶼҶյĸֹ
ͷϷһɫͷһɫӣԼһɫĶسظ
˿˿ѪҶ֮뵽ʥꡢѪ֮УͬʱѪ֮ͬʱҲ˿ѪëףѨλϣڡ
Ҫи߼ܹۿһĻԻᱻ𾪵£ΪţҶڵɽѾ뵽һϢѭ״̬״̬ǿһ磬һռĻ
ÿһ磬ÿһռ䣬ʵԳһ壬ĿҲãҲգһһľһһʯǺеһصŦеһжһ塣
ҶѪ֮ѪȻٽѪѪֻҪֹͣô״̬ͻȥѪԼֵҲӵʵпܻ
ҶԼȻ֪ѾһУһ״̬֮УѾʿĽ˺һ״̬ǸΪ߼ġ״̬
ǵģҶڴһԼĵ
峤ǬһĻȻԼĵڵĴ㣣ôԼͼԼĵȡԼĵڵĴ֮ϣ
һʱ䣬ҶųһٴͨʮѨԼľ뵽鳾䣬ҲѪеĵڰ͵ھȫ
ų֮壬̺ǿһһϴǣȥѨλ֮⣬ļ⣬࣬Ѫܣﵽһֲ˼ļͳ̶ȡ
֮ѹ˵ѾȫʧȥѹƵá
ңΪ棬˵ûŵľǣȻӲĸıԼзʽûͬ鳾ʿȥԼĳ߷һķ
ҶŬĽԼľŸںϣ
ʿ־۳볾壬ѳŸֱųһ֮鳾
鳾ʼҪ𽥵ĽÿԼķħ춼⣬Ȼ˾ſųȻҲζ鳾ʱͬ˾Ÿ
ȻҶȴǿٳһ·ȻⲢäĿΪ֮Ǿ˼֮뵽ġ
ҶӵиԣľŸֱǽľˮԣкڰ׺ͱԡ
ҲҶ˵ʮڴһ죬ҶܹˮϵҶϵҶ
ǾҶĿ֮ȴǸı뷨
˱ԼѪ֮⣬ŸȫںϳҲǹͺڰ֣ںϺĲǳǳ
ɹĻҶھӵ
Ҷݡġ
һһ
һǻ磬ţ
ţΪˡ͡
ͺڰʵҲ
ΪΪټѪӦˣֱӦţ
ò˵Ҷ뷨ʮִ󵨣ǰ뵽Ҳû˸ô˭ҲԼȥЦ
Ҷȴ޷ˣҼԼȻɹΪ򷨹һ;ͬ飬Լ϶ῪһԼģд֮ϵĵ
һʱ䣬ҶҲȷȡ˳ɹǰʱ䣬ԵĳΪԳ뵽ľ֮УԳ뵽ˮ֮С
źʱ䣬ԹͺڰֳΪʼֽԵĳ֮С
ľڵϣΪˮڵ£Ϊм䣬Ϊԡ
ϵѾɹ룬ڣˮϵҲҪȫ뵽ڰ֮УһɹǾʹʽԼĵ


1191 ѲҪ
Сӣ˵Ҷôⶼһʱˣòǳʲôɣ
Ҷչصɽ֮⣬ǬǬ
ԴҶɽʼʱ䶼ͬڣʲô飬Ҳ϶һˡ
Ǭҡҡͷᣡ
˵˵ֻ͸һƺ«һӶ򲻳һƨҿԺ˭޸㣡
ǬʵǷǬˣٵĿһ˵Ļһƶûʮ䡣
ǬƢǳãǬĵ٩Ҳգֻ΢΢һЦ
ͻȻһ󼱴ٵӰԴ˵ɫ̶ˡ
Ǭ޺޵һŵ϶Ƿˣϴδ峤ǰ콣ôˣǬش壬š
ȻǬȴҡҡͷش壬ţ
Уұҵģȥͻȥ㻰٣һǰܵ㻰ǣǿ϶ġ
ԴиֵĹأǾ죬д񣬱ȫص׼ڴ⡣
شûб˴ƣ죬ǬǬΪػҶȴ˭ҲԸصС
ʱ˿̣ԴĴѾе˴룬վڰ֮עΧһȺ
Ǭ˵ˣȻǷˣǰҪ࣬߰ʮˣԴΧˮйͨ
峤ǬһżŻŵƵĴԼ߳ʱһλ׳Сܵǰ峤ˣǬǬûش塣
ŶǬһ˵ͷʾ֪ˣȻŴȥ
׳е㲻֪ĵ峤ǲڴһҵˣΣˣ
û£ҪҵˣʱΣյǷҵˡ
Ǭһˣͷˮ׳ʵڲ֪峤ţȻ˷ǬǬˡ
Դû˸һɴ峤ĻȻ峤˵û£Ǿһû£׳æǬһߵĴڡ
ͳ죬ּˣ֪кιɰ
ǬһЦеĳһλӹֵ
ĵҼ֮ǰѲһҪ
ҪǬһ¶֮ɫŪ˰ɣǰԴôܻҪ
ûֲɣϽǽȥѲ飬ȻĻҲˡ
ͳ죬ǲûǰɣ
ͳϸֳɱ˭֪Դ弫Ϊ֣û˴죬˸ڣȻĻʹˡ
ǬһȻҲǹô˵Ҷ˵ֻҪڰԴУǰҲ빥
ʱһұͻȻ嵽ͳߣĵںɽμ֮ˡ
һ⻰ͳ¶һ˿Ц׹˸Ǭһȴȥμɵץ˼
ǣ
߶ޣ¡Уź󷽸ȥ
ǰ׳ϲ΢΢ɫǬһȴһڵӣǵżͬͳͳ죬˵һǰͨǸһδը֪ҪҵҪûйϵ
㵹֪ͦ࣬ǴδըҪҵҪɵģ˲ˣҪ񼫣˵ǬһҪκϢǧҪ֪鲻
һģ뷽ͳϸҪʲô֮Ҳñϰ
Ҷ˿ڳĻͻףǬһֻϺò׷˵Ļˡ

ɽɽ֮⣬ǬǬ˭Ҳϻش壬ѡȴҲĴǬվһʯͷŬĳŰԴķš
Ȼһ¡¡ľض֮ǬԶԶĿжʱ⡱һ£æʯͷ嵽ǬߵСӣˣǷˣߡ
Ǭҡҡͷߣ
䣬һѾ˭ߣɱۣ
е˵ǰǬˣ¶Ц̫ˣȻԴˣֻҪץסǣǬһ϶ǽ壬ΣǿҪˣ£
Ȼ׼Ǭ˵ҪЮǬһӶ÷˽ԴС
ǬҧĿ֨죬ڷ˵ĺѾһˣԷ׼Լ˵ҪЮ峤ŭֱȴҲ֪ԷʿһָͷԼûȥƴֻǾǿվţ˫ĶŶԷ
ǬȻ٣ǶڷҲǷ֮˿ͬŭĿӡ
ѽСӣҿǻǷˣҵǣҹ£
һһָ˵˹ȥ
Ǭ˶ʱоһͬɽ㵹һĿֲѹԼϮ˽·ֱһۿҪڵء
ͻȻ䡱һ촫һ޴ʯͷͬһֱײϡ


1192 ӷҿʼ
ײڽ߾ܵŷǬһ΢΢һȻҲĵץˣôôĶò˰ɣ
ʱǬһȻڵȻ϶ҪǴΪ֤ףҿǽѲ飬˶׳Ǵ̫Сɲ£ֻ뷽ٴ˽ˡ
۾һû뵽ǬһȻͬԼ˽Դ壬ϵĺ°
˵ٴˣһ룬׵Ļٵֻͨ˵İԴˣ
ýԼգֻҪ°Դ壬ԼɾǴһȻٲʹˡ
Ǭһڣ̬ȶ࣬ͷǬ峤ģҾʹʮ˽ȥѲߣԺûʲôµĻҲˡ
ãǬȥ췽ǽ
ǬǵҶԴǸˣһ仰˵ǵ˵ͷȻŷá
ȥǵô£ǰԴĴ򲻿˴ʮҽ壬ڴ˵أҪʲô֪ͨӳ
ܹΪһͳ죬ȻʲôҷȻڵȷʮ˷ܣǲûıͷԣ´ɣҲǵ˰Դпթ
˺ɽͳԼʮǬĴ£߽˰Դ塣

ǬǬԭҪµٴֱͦɽ֮һ߳Ҷľϲ֮ɫ
Ҷ΢Цƽͣ͸¶һʣԭõ·ҲһװɫĳƮɳһ㣬ƮݣԳ׵ĸо
ȻղľʯǶɽſڵǿʯͷ
ʵԭҶ׼ڳصģһʣµľϵͻϵĳ뵽֮ٳء
˳ںϳȫµϵ֮ӿһϲãӴ״̬˳ǡʱԴʹʶʶ֪淢顣
ΣĿǬǬػԼһСӣҵô۸Ծǰأһʯݺݵ˶Է
ʲôˣ
һұʱŭˣǺॡһѾһɫıָҶ
Էн֮ϵ׺ĿſͬǳһɳҶ֪ӦþǬһúӽɳƳ콣
콣̺֮ž˵ʵʵ
ʱ򣬱ʯеҲعҵĸ߸𣬱ӲȥһأѪͬСϪһʡ
űӣԼͬ飺ģǿ
Ϊˣڷ˽磬ͬĸ
ڷ˽磬޵еĴڣһѪܶɽأڻ죬ΪĲͬȻӵǻڵĶԶȷ˽ҪصĶࡣ
һʯͷڷ˽Ҳֻǧڻ죬ȻҵıǶѪ֪Ҷӳʯͷʱõ֮
ˣжϳҶǿ
ʵҶҲ֪Լжǿ֪Լʲôˡ
˵Ӧ鳾֮ȣͨʮѨλȫԳܴ֮ѹΣĳͳһֻʣĸ
ڳڵнƣԼ״̬ޱչָʿҲûжϳľ硣
ھ磬ҶҲȥܣںֻԼڵʵ
ǿǿȥǷңʲôʱ¹ˣ
һȻанһһɫѿգƳգֱҶȥ
飡
ҶȻ㲻Լϣˣһ̸ǳ˶Էǰֱ̧һ˶Էϡ
û˿ҲûĿսâûκεֻ֮ͬͨһĵһš
ۣ
һѪȻصĵȥͬһһ̱ڵҲˡ
һһĻֱˣǬǬҲͬ¶˼֮ɫ
ȻһĻڷ˽Ļ϶Ϊ֮ٶûоҶȻһŽһ˸
㣬ħͰ͵ĵ
ҶȻһ磬żһԷ壬߷˳ȥֱײһϡ
ȻվŵıǸжǱһɽײһʱҲǵɳȥѪصˤ˵ϡ
ҲħҸδħۣѪ֮·ȴ㷽ҿʼ


1193 ܲ
ҶһһŵŵȥƮ裬ڷһ֮ȴɢһ˲ڵĿֲϢƺ֤ղŵĻ
ħһħ
˫գҲգĶҶͬһħһһ˹Ʋס¶ĵ׵Ŀ־塣
㣬㣬죬ԯ콾һ߽ͬһţǶȻ֮˫ԲһѪһεˣҶ
Ϊҳ֮һķңȻ֪ҶĴڣ֪ѪҶ߹Ҷ
Ѫʮھ֮УÿǴڵжλõ˵جΣ
Ѫʮ֮Уԯ콾ħ֮֮⣬ħ۴ڣҶȻԳԼħδħۣҪ߳Ѫ֮·һУȻǲ³Ҷݡ
Ҷ¶һƵЦݣͷҾҶӣڻС
㣬㾹Ȼû
ҪץҶľۣڻҶľǷˣȻûеȵҶһ춯صĴը
ò״ͨͨٴը٣ȺڳڸļˣҲǱը֮ɥ
ȻˣΪͨıըҶΪⲿ˼Ҷ²ûڱը֮УԲŻὫΪҪ
󲿷ֵķȴͬ۵㣬һٶûɹķˣͨ
ΪͨըԭΪͨĲȶҶǡⳡը϶Ӷʣˡ
ͬͳڵȺұǳкһֹ۵㣬Եڣ֪ǰˣȻľҶʱ𾪣Ѿ޷ˡ
һٶûжɹķˣûɥڱը֮УŹȥһʱ䣬Ȼƾܽ׵Ļɣ
ǲܵ飬ȻȴʵķˣλȫûҪҶͷ
Ҷߵ˵ǰӸ£ͬһעǣϵЦݸŨˣҪˣ˭Ƿأ
Ҷ㣬ʲôҪɱǣ͵ҪΪˣ۾ԲŹģ
ʱ̧ۣҪԴԼ
ҶȻ̧һһ˵ؿ֮ϣЦٿһħۣۣͲܲ棬ң
£Ҷ˫ŶȻۡ˵ؿھͱֱӲȱѪͬȪһ߸𣬲ȴû£ѸٻһƬѪӿҶڡ

ŭͬʱ˵üĶȻѿԳһ⣬ڿнһ޴Ľ𽣣ݺݵشҶ

Ҷ˫ɲǼ仯̫չ¹ͬʱ֯ǧ˿ƵĽߣǱβס
Ȼֱۻǳ֮ʩչǳ˵ʶӲĶסˡ
ͬʱҶüͬѿѾڳһģһĽɫ˳˫Ŀ磬ɨȥʶǿв鿴˵ʶ
⣬˵ʶ֮жзӡһ̾ǵԱ
˾ʹ䣡
ס֣
һҶתͷȥͬѾµޣֱӻ˹ǿΪǿԼͬѾҶ¡
䣡
޸֣Ȼȫֱۣ
ҶһߣβӲҴһȭӳ֮У̮˰
죡
һƾ޸˲ͱһȭճޣɫ䣬ͬսʽ㣬սĺˡ
սʦܣ
Ҷԭأɲ˵ʬ壬˫ȭ֮ϹЮһŨٴκȻ
ƣ
˶ʱ֣죬ЩƮȻ̺֮֮ͬѹǵ֮ϾȻʼһƣˤµĴһ㡣
Ϊ֮ޱȣȻҲѰܹܣҲǵڶĳЩó֮
ŶԾʮ֮һ޵عʱعΪ˺ˣʩչҪѹš
ҶȻǳ򶷣Ǵʥսսʽ֮УȴǷֱģ˾֮ľֹʽ
ԻΪˣҶһƣѾо裬ģͬѹ
ǣ
ĿԼ֮ݺύȻȴֹոԷһʵĲҽУڷ˿
ߣǻش壡
ҶǬǬ֣תŰԴȥ߰ʮˡ


1194 һС
ҶԸ˵Ĺ̵УԴ֮ͳƮ֮д˳ڿʼδӰ˸֮Уÿʮˣ󣡡
ڶ෽ұȻΥͳ֮Ǳ㰴Ҫÿʮˣڰλ˵Ĵ֮½˰ԴС
ȵҶǬǬϻʱ򣬰ԴΧѾû˷˵ӰӣⲻҶΪղǡŴķұҲǵİԴѣǰأ˹
ȻбѾ˰Դ壬Щ˵ʵͽӵĴ¾ɾˡ
ߣ壡
ȵȣ
Ǭס׼ҶԼǬϵǰҶ磬ǵĺ棬ܹ塣
Ҷ֪Դܼ࣬ͷ㡣
ǰոӣͬһǵǰι岻ޱ飬֮ɫҶͷ峤ֱȥ
ҶɻʵЩأ
Դˣֻ΢΢һЦ˵һԣĿˡ
򶨣Ҷ֪ԴȻ£ǣЩķأ
߰ʮˣڷ˽׻ٵ磬ѵȫֻһٶ˵СׯУ
ɻҶǬ˴峤Ǭһļҡ
һ·֮ϣȺľһ𣬸ɫݣӻȥȫͺƽʱһ˼㡣
峤
ҶٴοȻЦݵǬһ
Ǭһ˵ͷ˰СӣСӣҺҶлҪ˵æµһ꣬ȥСӼϢϢɣ
Ŷ
ǬǬȻһ㶼ۣǲΥ峤֮ת뿪ȴǳ˼㽡
ǸղſۿҶ׵Ľ˸ɱԼܹӵ£ҲõķԼӵ鷳ˡ
ȵ뿪֮Ҷֱӿżɽĵ峤ҵأ
ǬһЦеĵȫˡ
Ҷͷ̲ס˺һظʵȫˣ
֣һС¶ѣǻ˵˵°ɣ
߰ʮ˲ף֪ıһȫͨ˵СׯˣǬһĿУȻֻһС¶ѡ
ЦǬһҶԽԽϼһһֻƻ˼µϺꡣ
Ȼӵʱ򣬾֪϶кܶܣȴδϣΪܺ޹أҲûκεӰ죬ȻڣصİԴ壬вһ־η
ǬһĻȴǴҶľš
Сֵܣһ£ûȤڰԴ壬ҵλð
֮Ҷǻع峤˼ﵱ峤
ǣ
Ҷίʵ޷ΪʲôǬһԼ£ԼΪһˣӦˣԴȻһ࣬ǳǬǬǬһ֮⣬ûк˵ȻǬһҪԼ峤
Сֵܣ֪ҪеͻҲûа취ˣϹͷûͷˡ˵Ǭһѵõ¶һ˿˸У껪٣һȥ˰
һ˵ҶȴҲܿǬһȷ޶ˡ
ҶڣǬһֵСֵܣͷ˸㵣Ϊ峤˵󲻵ĺôֻҪڱ֮УҲ˺һëң㲻Ҫ֪ԴֻҪ㵱ϴ峤㶼֪
ҶǿˣǬһĲںԼЦϧ԰ԴΪ
Ҷٺ棬ҲԴΪΪӵĴ峤
峤ĺˣֻһкܶҪңҿǣҪʺϡ
֪ǬһҶĻûھʹӦɣҿҲѾȬˣȥæ£æ֮ҵ飬֮ԴĴԶΪ㳨
˵λ֮ǬһҶ˰֣ȻԹԵľͻصҶһվԭá
ҶȻҲ뿪ˣصǬļңСһӭϳڴ֮ɫ
Ǭ˵ͱҶֹǬҾһ
Ǭ̶µǬ뿪ӣҶҲ˳˼֮С
صİԴ壬ϺǬһͬЦҪһжҶͷͬׯһ֡
֮ҶһĵôʲôԼһҪȥأȸ׺ʵɣ
Ҷһԭʧ뵽ѾѾõ΢츮֮С


1195 
΢츮ҶԴӵõ֮֮⣬Ѿкüʱûнˡ
֪΢츮֮Уλ΢˲˴ĹսҸžŵơ
ŵ֮󣬷ֱǲо˵ǿĶеǹеսеǱ
΢˵ҶܹƵŵƣôȫܹȡĵλΪĴܣܹһ죬졣
һƵĺһ׿ռս
ⲢͨĿռսǿɴڸĿռս
ҲǷǳҶĵģǰˣҲͬˡ
û֪ҶȻѾԼĵƣʵϣֱΪֹ޷򿪿ռ֮š
뿪磬ڵĴ󣬶ѩͺǴ򿪵Ŀռ֮ţҶֻҪ߽ȥɡ
֮ʼ޷򿪿ռ֮ţһûָ㾿ξȥҲΪǶһ޶ĵƣԵƴ򿪿ռ֮ŵķȻҲڲͬҪԼȥ
Ļ죬Ҫƾڸ֪Ҫ˷Ѷٵʱ䣬ҶҪѧռս
΢츮ʵϿԿһ޴Ŀռ䳾΢ĴͨűĽһһı˴˶ȴֻӵСռ䡣
ҶרŴŹĿռ֮УҪΪǬѡһ׺ʵĹ
ĹҶûϸʱҲǳ۽绹ʵڶ֮
ټҲ֪˻ڵٴη֮£̾ͷЩ֮УȻвרǬԭסġ
ҶǬѡţ̵УԼҲ࣬˲ٶԼõĶѡһΪ䡷Ĺ
׹רҶĿǰǿ֮ͬЧ˵Ϊ֮ţ̺޾ǱܣÿһѪ⣬ÿһѪÿһξһء
ȫ򿪣ɵƾϴ
ǿĺôҶἫ죬ֻǴͨʮѨλ֮ѹ
Ҷ뿪΢츮ǬǬ˽ĸ˽⡶䡷
ֹǵθڣټԽһľ۾񣬲ʱ䣬ѾĲ࣬ҶвĵطѯԼ
·ҶҲȴһ׮ԸȻʵѾڻ磬ûż뿪һ濪ʼͷоռսһҲڹԼһչصĳɹ
ʱҴţȥһһʱȥҶվڵչ֮ǰվŵǬǬˣвǸпǧ
ҶԼ۾ͨ˵ٶ֮죬ʵĿࡣ
ʱ۳֮һʱѣٴνȺ鳾
һʱ䣬ͨ˳Ϊ鳾ʿ˵ȥĻ֪Ҫˡ
ʱ˿̣˵϶һ˿᣺Ҷ磬Ҫ˰
ҶЦŵͷǰһһЩҪȥڰԴ꣬Ҳʱ뿪ˡ
һҶûȥ̷ħĳŬеʵѾ΢츮еĵһؽƣ׿ռս͸֪֮Լö뿪Դˡ
Ҷ磬㻹𣿡ԹǬҲ̲סѯʡ
ҶȻûдӦǶΪͽһȴͬһλʦһ㣬ָǵû˿иʱż˻ᶯʩͣ˵ȡõĳɹҶҲżĹ͡
ȻٷֱǶ˶ǼΪˡ
ģҶĵͷߵ˵ߣֱڶ˵ļ֮ϵҿ϶ٻذԴġ

ˣǶౣأúչ˺ǵĴӣڣ
ҶߵԴĴڣʱд񶼾ۼ˴֮Ƕ֪ҶڽҪ뿪ϹС
Ҷһʱ䣬ûٺͺʹ̸ģǸɸũܹ׼ȷĽгÿһ֣ͬĳ˰ԴеһԱЩ곤һЩģˣǿƽͨľګʱ˵һЩȴǶܴҶ̫ϡ
ǬһĻ˵ҶڲУģ
ϴ飬ľƺвմߣȴศɣԵĸоҶÿʱ򣬶Լоڤڤ֮ƺĳںԼ
꣬곣֮⣬֮䣬ҶӦģ͵ػٻ
ҶŰԴһٶʮȥлԼİչˣȻת뿪
СֵܣˣҵĻʼЧ
ǬһԶԶ


1196 龫
ԴڻĶ棬ͳΪһƬɷƿأڶ򾿾жȴûиĴ𰸣֮Ǵ޷
һǰĪʧڰԴڵ߰ʮҲûгֵֹǣԴķǣȻҲûǰԴ壬ƺһжδһ
ҶҲİԴİΣΪҲϸĹ۲еĵ˺͵ƣȻûеõĽԼ֮䣬оڰԴĵƺݷŲֹһ
֮ԴǹֻҪ뿪ӣԱ֤˵İȫҲҶ뿪һԭ
ȻҶѾǵʮһ죬Ҳ֪ҶϴѾȥʱ䡣
ʱ䣬Ƿ˵Ļһ崫аٴڻڣҲǷ˺ܶı仯
ͨͰԴ˵Ľ̸ҶڵĻһЩ˽⣬ȤľڻڣԽԽ˺ʼ۵ͳΣȻûиö֮ıֳǰӿֲУҲֻҪһߣܵȼЩ
Ҷ˵ȻǺϢ˵ĵ˾ѣܹЩ˺Ʒ۵ͳΣʲôʵֵԸ
ȻЩҶżȥڸϤһ»ĻͬʱҵԼ⹫䡣
ҲûзĿģҶ뿪˰Դ֮ڿֱдһš֡
һȫʵ۳ɵ֣Ҳ΢츮֮еһؽƺصΪ˲šս
սڿռĴԽҲһһķΧ֮ڣ˲ϢıλãеոԽյãӰȫͿݡ
Ҷ֪֮ͨεأҲĿģĶ˵ûʲôͬ
ո˲ţһҵĴʹҶĶ䣬е㵣ôԼĶأ
ǰ֮üͷȴΧһʮ˾СŮ
Ůͷ֮ϣƯһʽϵľӣž֮Уһ˿˿֮תÿһʱһ˿
ڻҶİ֮ͨͻйܽӴ֪Ŀ£һ˿׵˺ռ䡣
ž̲ػһУȻһʱȻС
ΪžĴڣǸݵСŮ˰Χ֮¼ֵڡ
һ߸˱æɢ࿹⣬Ůץסٴߣ˶㿪֮󣬼׷ϡ
˸Ҳ֪˶ãСŮȻӲȴҲûоʧ룬鲻תƺڴʲô⡣
Ůһ˫۾峺ĺһˣ֮ССľѣΪ˼ֵƤ
ӣˣǾӲġ
֮һλòΪӿڵ
ŮһתϺȻ¶һЦݣһ˫ÿ۾г״˭˵ӣѵûںɣģһҸҪˡ
߸˵ɫ΢΢һ䣬˵ٿڵƭǣ˭֪Ѿض꣬첻ֵܳġ
ʱŮڿǰԶҶжʱһ⣬ҶĻֱۣҴţ磬˰
СŮ˷ܵӣҶ̲סҪɣԼǲǻˣ
Ů׷߸˼ͬʱӲɲסΣԶԶĿҶ¶˾֮ɫ
ŮѾҶǰɷ˵ľסҶĸ첲ǵĵ磬ʱ˲Ѿأȥǽһ°ɣ
Ů̬ޱȣҶԼľ׸磬˵Զͣµ߸ˡ
Ҳʶ̸⣬ѵ£
Ҳûм˵ֻ£Ӣ䲻ӵе񣡡
²ڱչѵѾͻƵˣ
Բ£˭֪Ϊ۰ã԰Ըô׷飬϶ͳˡ
ҶЦЦĿǰСŮаĹ龫֣ʵôһȻԼײ飬ҲԲ᲻ܵġ
ãȵһԵţΪֽѵһǣΪ
ŮͷæҶı󣬶Ҷһ˵ǰһ߸ˣΧһŮӣҲǺ˼
߸˱˴˶ӣ϶¶һ˿Բ£ɱ


1197 
Ҷ֪˭Ȼ߸ˣηľ£ԼȷԼ֮󣬾޹˼ɣһҪɱԼ
߸ˣҶȻκεĺøУô˵߸ΧһСŮΪ޳ܡ
û֮ǰҶˡ
Ҷʩչƶ֮£˲Ϣ߸˵ߣȭӳڶԷûüӰ֮ǰ߸˾ȫ˵ϡ
һĻ߸ȫɵǸСŮҲȻɴ۾¶֮ɫȻ߸˵ȷ㲻϶ǿҲҶһжסɣ˭ܿĳҶûжκεƾŵѡ
Ҷ˵ȴûʲôþȵģΪ߸𷽼ҵıҪϲ٣һʱĥº͹̣ټϴӡ䡷и򵽵һЩսҲҪһȭЩˣǲǹ£
Ҷ׼úѲһ߸˵ʶʱǸСŮͻȻͬһĳ˹ҶڣʼոͷϷžһâ˸˿֮˵塣
ҽУ߸˲
Ҷ΢΢üίʵûϵȥ龫֣޺СŮȻĺ
ҲûпΪŮȻȥ󣬵ܹﵽ֮ʵ±ԼҪĶࡣ
Ůһɱˣüͷûһ£תϾȻָֻЦݣȥͬһ۵Ĵһɰ֮
磬ллȣҽ飬ļҵ飬ʲô֣
Ҷ΢һԥԼҶ
Ȼ֪Լ֣ȥԻΪԼ鷳Ҳ뿴׻Щ˺Լ֡
ȻûҶһֺõӵҶ磬һǸˣҸһ
ҶŮĸһǸɫȻղ߸˲ôɵҲûȤ֪ͷˣĹڰȫˣûʲôµĻˡ
ʶĺ֮Ҷɲٺʲôϸ𣬳뿪ΪȻոת̵ٴ𣬶оȻ˼ֿǻҶ磬ߣҺ£
Ҷ̾˿תһ㶣ոջЦ绨飬ϾȻһȻ֮ɫľۿתʱܵ
ĹѾˡ
ˣļг𣬿϶ô׵ķŹңǰǼ˵ǵʦ壬һλˣͿˡ
ô죿
鷳Ҷһؼҡ
ҶԼüģһͷۣǳӣʵǲľܾ
ðɣؼңǲ֪ںη
̫ˣлҶ磡
ɲǼǱ˸һüЦȻסҶĸ첲˷ܵĻ
ҶĪĳΪıڣ̤ǰļ֮á
ԻúöݣһС˵һ·֮ϵҲįĿУҶ˽⵽˲ٻ
Ҷеǣͨ˲ţɲǼͨʮǾȻԾɴڶ֮С
ļңҲǶ֮һֻļҵĵλϸߣԼ䶼ûн۷
ԭܼ򵥣ļҲֹһλۣ
ۣһϵݣȻ˲Ըʵȴȷǻһǿߣ˸ӧ档
ǳֹ۵ǿĵ̣ȻҲǸҺ۽аʱ
ڶ죬ʮң
򲻹һСɣ׷ɱĿģҲֻΪļӵеĵ۾ļҵĹ
۾ȻȲϡΪĵһĹֵȻҲ޷
ҶȤ󣬲ȴǷҪԼ֪һε۾߸ҶĻر
֮ͣһƬĴ֮⣬׳ﲢɭ֣ЦŵҶ磬Ƭоļҵķ֧ҽȥǴк
ã
⼸죬Ҷһֱĺ棬˵ľ͵ģûκ顣
ڴ֮תƣ߹·Ҷļ䶼ͷ۲ѣ治֪ôסġ
ڣ˵ǰһߴ׵ľ׳ʮӶ޷ϱ֦Ҷͬһ㣬ǧ׵ķΧ
Ҷ磬ô˵Ǽϴӷ˽ļľɣʱų˹ģ
ľ
Ҷһ˫ͫȻһ̫סĶ䣡
ԭĶ䣬Ҷ۵ע֮£Ȼϸ
㣬Ǿ壿


1198 
ҶȻһ·ϸǳϦദǻûѯʹй⣬϶˵ʲôʲô
Ȼᵽľӣȴһ뵽˷еľ磡
ݳʥʹ˵ľ֮Խ֣Ϊһ߲Ĵӹ񣬾˵ûܹĶˣҲ⣬д˵ľֱͨ죡
Ҷǿ͵˻죬ڷ֮У֮⣬мǷĲµģһĪ֮࣬һѪ峤ѡҪѰҸĸԼǰľ磬ѰҾ壬ǳ־̡ǸΪ˾Ī֪ľˡ
Ȼᵽľǰ˵Ĺģټ̶ģȻҶ뵽᲻ҲǾ塣
ȻҶʩչ֮ĿĶȻһҲǼϸϸģȻƽ÷˫ܹױ¶ݵĶ䡣
Ҷ˿̵飬ҲһǿҶ̫ͬĿ˫ۣ̲סһҶ磬㣬ô֪ļǾ壿
̫ˣ
Ҷʵ̫ˣû뵽ԼȻܹˣһǾоˣ
Ĺܰһæиѡ
Ҷ򵥵Ľ̵˸˵˳Ȼ˫۳ϣĿ顣
Ҳסˣһ˿ҶҲûע⵽ʧ֮ɫû뵽һλķˣȻΪ˾ҶӶҪ
Ϊʲôʧ³Լ֮⣬û֪ˡ
֮ͷ⣬Ϊӵǿ󵽷˼ľԣֻҪһ˿꣬ͲֻôṆ̀Ҳֻҵļλ취
Ĺллˡ
Ҷ磬ȾңȻһ·һ˵ҪȵҲҾˣллŶԡЦ绨ĵȵȣȺļ˵һô죬ƼҲ켱ˡ
ֱʱ˵ʵԭǴӼ͵͵ģѹֻҪԸ
ԴҶҲЦʵѾ³ˣΪļҵһ飬ȻΪӣܷ
ֻߵǰ֮ϣţ֮Ȼһ̹⣬һ·ϣɢ˿֯һɫĹ
Ҷ֮£ĸΪŹȻǺʹڲֵȫص
˺ų׽ȻϾܿɼһߡ
ջƣ̧ͷŴȴŻӦ
Ƭ֮󣬹Ȼһϴʲôˣ
ǿҶ۾Ȼûпһ˼ŮͻȻϣԾ˵ǰ
òͨһһ˫ŮӣȴϵһҶоʹҶ磬һɱ
ҶҪԼǲˣܵԼˣȻڳһȻԼɱ
ҶȻ֪ĺҲû뵽Լ˶ôģüͷһ壬Ȼûг֡
ʱŮӿ飬һ֮ȻͣķЦҵ˭أԭС㰡̫ˣļҶ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼ˽ˡ
˵ͬʱŮӻ˼Ҷ
ⷬҶüͷĸˣļҵĵλȻߣŮӿǵ𾴣̬֮˷Ҫɱме⡣
һɣ㣬ɽأ
ɽ磡С㣬㺰ĵǣѵͲߵλСԴ𣿡
˵ԽԽȻûнŻҶ䡣
ҶҲ
鷴ĵɣ㵨̫ˣӣֻһ˰ɣѵ㻹ɱҲɣ
˵Сޥģǰе㲻ţڿȻԲ٣Сý㣬ôᶯɱأֻʼտ㲻˳ۣţСԶӰ֮£Ҿ֣·
£Ѿˣһ޵ĺɻƾճ֣Ҷ̣зҷ֮ζ
ȻʢĺɻȴǶȻŴ¶һſŷɫͬһſһҶҧȥ
Ҷ磬ӣܲġ
飡
齫˵꣬ҶѾźɻһȭȥȻһɫһ䣬ΪһȭȻкɻȴδ飬ɻȻպϣͺ£һݺݵҧסҶֱۣ


1199 ҵĵ
ﬣ
ɻзͬҧ˽֮ϣ̶֮һ䣬ɻȼ
˲䣬ɻȼҶǲһֱ¶˳
ɫʱ䣬Ȼ벻Ҷôȴη壬ȻЦŵСмֱ£ʹ߿ɲôõģ
ǰľɫ䣬両ƼȻ֣ڿ֮Уҡҷյĺ֮ߡ
ȻЩƼĳ֣ȴΧĿóÿһ両Ƽһɽһ㣬両ƼɽҶ˼ѹ
Сʱǵͨ죬ҶȻҲоѹǿı̬壬ȴȻԳܡ
䣡
Ҷ̧ȭͷȻ˾һ両Ƽͬ˳ӿȻƼһ𣬾Ȼδ顣
ʶɵľѾﵽһ죬ʵЩҪǿĶࡣ
ҶȻ֪ľΪĲ㣬ֱΪһ죬쵽졣
Ĳ㲢С磬Ǵ󾳽磬ҲζţһͶֻһʵ֮󣬾ͬ鳾
ʵϸֵĻÿһ֮ҲоŲСĻ֣һһ쵽һؾŽ죬ֻӰزûнܵôϸϾ˵̫࣬ʱҶͰңңڵĸо
Ҷɱˣֻһһ죬ұǶ죬ɣʱ͸оѹ
ͬҲΪȻҶܹɱˣʵ϶ﲻ죬ԸղŲŻᴫҶ͵Ϯķʽһɱɡ
ҶʼɫɸӵĵʵҲǲˣûвɢǣҲǳ˫ɶԡ
æŶҶҶ磬һһų۾Ӧܹ΢һЩѹҵͳȥùҡ
۾ҶμʱͷܹͷųľӣҲļҵλ۵ʹùһֻľ۾ļңõǷƷ
Ȼĺ龫֣ʱŰ취ҪҶ֤ıԲ
ҶЦԴҴӦҪؼҵģûңôʳأ
ɵʵЩƼȷҶһЩѹڣ˶֮⣬ûκκս
һЦҶ˫鱧ţһ޽̸֣޽֮˸֯һĿ·ԡ
ƣ
Ҷһ𣬾޽Ȼը콣꣬両Ƽ
ǧƽ꣬Ĵʱÿһ궼׵Ĵ͸һ両Ƽ
ɲ֮䣬еĸƼ֮϶ۣһɸӣܿѿޡ
Ȼ궴Ƽ֮󣬾Ȼûɢ¾ۺϣֻﬡһ죬Ȼٴαһ޽ĿĹâ߸ɴȥ
ҶʵսҲﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣսǧ򻯣ɢϣûָĹʽ
ɵɫ䣬Ȼû뵽ҶȻǿսŴԼľ޽̺ܵŵһ޼᲻ݵĴ֮⣬徹Ȼһ̱ĵסˡ

˫ĿԲĿž޽Ȼ̽Լ壬һѪѪ䣬ȴȫӿ˾޽֮С
޽̳˿ڣ̲ڽеĵƣȴǼɵ֮ӣƴȫȥֹǵǿޱȣݿһ㣬׵ķĵֵ꣬ѣĲʺͿ־忴ҶʳԼеһ⣺ʲô·
Ҷĵⲻ·ǽеƣҵĵ
㣬ģ
ϵĲʺͿ־תãȻ˫ĿеҲʧֱȻء
ȥɣĬĬߵߣץһӿ˳סʬ塣
ͬΪһ֮ˣȻȴ³֪˵ɱǸ˵ɺޡ
վ֮߻ҶߵҶ磬߰ɡ
Ҷ˵ͷ뿪Ƭ֣һ·շתڰ֮ڵִһǳء
ųһڿԻؼˡ
Ǿǵļڣ
Ҷŵɣǳأʵ̫ˡ
ǣֻҼҵһݵ㣬ܹͨļңүүҲܹǸ̹
ǿǰɣ
ҶѾȲҪϽȻ̣ӶȴԼеһź


1200 ӵ̬
Ҷոߵ֮༫Ϊ˳ˣȾϲ˷ܵĴгС㣬̫ˣСˣ
Ҷе㵣ģ᲻ٳ飬ʱǷӦǶԴ̬ȡ
˵Ĵ󺰣֮ɲǼֳʮˣ̽ΪΧ֮䣬ȻҶ͸Ŀ⽫伷һԡ
鲢ûע⵽㣬Ϊ˿Ҳͬڻؼҵ˷ܵУҶֻǲÿɷĵһЦԹߵһԡ
С㣬ǻˣ㶼֪ʱڶ켱ˣ
ǰ˵㶼׼֪ͨүˣҿͷڸסˡ
СƽµĻˣϲɺذ
Χ飬˵͵͵֮飬һ鼤˼Ѫһ˷ܲѣ󲿷˵Ŀƺֻһڡ
ʵЩ˲ļֱϵˣҪôϵҪôļյյӣ鲢ûʲôѪԵϵڵĿҲֻһϣܹõ
ֱϵˣļҵ飬λδãҪܹõ֪ʲôĺô
ο鱾Ҳǹɫ㡣
Ȼִ˵żҵԶԶվȺ֮ҶӶֵҶ磬
Ҷ磡
ǵĳƺʱΧʮ˵¶˲֮ɫ
ǵȻҶǺһֵģֻżѣ˭ҲԸļҵ飬˵Ļ
С㣬˭ҿͷĿǺˣ
ǰС㣬δƭˣеʵǹﶼǻˮ
ס죡
鶸Ȼһȣ˵ԭЦݵ֮һ㺮˪ɨΧһ۵ҵľˣҪǸҶ͵ǶҲ
һ仰ͽ˵͸ˣȻǶҶгޣ棬ȴұ¶ˡ
ǵȴҶһƭӣһ㲻ϵҪʸ֦Сѡ
ˣеĿŮľɫŮ࣬ԶˣǴӳ෽棬ǲмһ˵ġ
ʱȷλСĵС㣬үүڳУ㻹Ȱݼһ˼ң㣬϶˻ˡ
ͷ֪ˣҶ磬һȥүүɣܻﵽŶ
ΪЩ˵̬ȣҶھѾЩ΢ķУΪ˾̣ղֱ˦ˡ
һλүүпܾȻ̣Ȼٶ಻Ҳ̼䱻׵˾⣬˹
ļҵþվҶǰ߹˴˶ЦһͷųһҪһѿ
ҶȻǣ˿ͣٶûУǰ򲻾һΣɰȻӿײǼˡ
飡
촫Ǽ˿иԷһƺߣ岻ܿƵĵˣֱһƨ˵ϡ
ǵʵ鶼磬ܹסҶ
ǵһˤļ˽ڣҶǰüԣΪ֮˸ָҶҶģΪҪǶ֣
ͻȻǰһǰȻѾʧȥҶӰǵҶȴ飬үүа𣿡
ȻҶǣֱǵĴڡ
һֳĴʮ࣬ӣͱӣǿֲͬĸо
Ϊ۵ļˣǺܵӣڳǾھͻȥúýѵҶһ١
Ҳܿ϶Ӧò࣬ߣҴȥʡ
ͬȺͬöĹˣԹԵĺҶ˵Żųȥ
˸ոսţͿһâ֮һ뷢԰׵ߣȻʹˣܹʱҲһλӣֻò֮еɭ
ȻүүĶ
үү̹ɵʩһ񣬿к
飬ˣ
ĶЦݣȵĽԼߣĿ⾹ȻͬǰЩһĽҶ˿Ĵڡ
һ̣Ҷķһ˿ŭ⣬ĸټϲ飬ԼˣĶΪļޣȻҲ̬ȣɾ˵ȥˡ


1201 һ
鼱æĶָ֣ҶүүҶ磬ҵľˣһ·ҵģҪҶ˺üˡ
˵ͬʱҶϵգ۾
ҶܶĶ̬ȼΪ뵽Էпֻܾ̣ǿаסĵķŭ˼ǰȥĶʩһǰ
ʱĶĿƺע⵽ҶЦȴĵͷˣģļһԹ飬ǾԲġ
Ķ̬ưҴ־Ӹ£˿Ҷһ֮
˵ɣҪʲôʯսֻҪ˵ĳļҾõĳ
̬˵ֱⷬʩҶһҶѹʱҲæʶҶ磬үүˣ¹죬㣬㲻Ҫ⡣
ҶεĵǰЩͲˣҲǰ֣һλѡ
ŶĶĵͷ飬ҳ־ѣһһܹƽ˵˵ɣ˭
Ҷ˵̵֣ǶȻ̲ųʵܹȻҲ޷ܻĴ֮ѹϾɲǷ˽ˡ
ѩһתͲ³ҶĹ˼ɣæĶүүһ·ֶܲϢһ£ʲô»ͷ˵ɡ
Ķ¶һ˿ЦݣͷúúãʹȥϢˣҲλȥͷϢ
죬Ҷһģǻ˻ȥԼûȸүү˵үү̬ȵʱἤŭҶ
һ·ҶƢҲΪ˽ˣ֪Ϊ˾̣Բܵүү̬ȡ
ǣҶգգۣҶҲĵ˵ͷʾס
һĻûĶ۾ĿҶһۣȻӲת뿪
Ƕ˵뿪ղʮ˱˴˶һ֮󣬾ͽҶΧΪ׵ĿɫĵҲôƭСģһȵүүѺͱļңܹʵģ
ҶȻ̧ͷ˫֮бž⣬һɱ˵ɱڵͷų絶ŵӶʱһ
Ŀˣһˣ˵ʸûУ񻹸㣬Ҳ£ǲ£ٸ҆£Ҵúù̹ܽܽ㣡ȥͷ
ھ壬ҶʼվԱǳøеģЩ˵̬ȴһ̡
˵ĵʵҶʲôʱ¹£ڷ˽ʱҲɱ˵ĺ˸Ǳɱ˲֪٣ôηһļҡ
˵ļֻǰۣ۾ļҵģҲһη塣
ҶĻʱ˶ɫλӿɲʲôˣĶһԶӣ۱֣鶼úһ磬ȻھȻҶ˱ͣǺ̡
ӼǴм֣֣ҵţ
ʵҲɱҶҶʼսߣҶΪƣԼҪɱ϶ԭԼֻ̣ͬ¶ģȵҶһ뿪һֿԼһɱ
ߣ
ӻ˻֣ҲԸ࿴һۣ⼸˴Ҷǰͷ
ȻЩûһֽѵҶģȴҲΪҶ飬ƽµĽҶ˿ͷֻ뿪֮ǰǲݺݵĵҶһ۵úϢɣСı׷ɱԺûлϢˡ
вҶҶҪı⼸仰סĻҲҶˡ
΢΢һЦȴźȻرգ㽫Ǽ˵ıӸײ⡣
ͬʱĶҲϸѯ뿪֮ľ
֮ĶһЦ粨ţЩϾȻҶҼ֣ǻˣ飬Ҿš
ллүүˣ֪үүңЦĵүүλҶ硭
Ķִϵ飬ҿҪ˵ˣΪǼ飬˱ʸ֮⣬κҲûʸԺɲҪҺ
һתŵүүĺʵ뽫ļļңΪļҳ
ĶЦ鰡ãƾļҵʵѵҪļһЩҲļҵš


1202 ո
ʱҲ֪ˣԭԼλүүѹûнҶҲΪļҵˣһԽк͸߰ͬˣȻĻûܱǿϡ
ĶҲע⵽ɫı仯Цݣ˵棬ļҲ֪ˣ˵ҰȸҾ˸һ𵤰ɣ
үүе⣬ҲǾˡ
ǵˣĶüͷһ֧ģôҪȡ
ǣǸ˲ˣǵľķˣ
ʲô
ĶȻվ飬˵ϴһˣ

ⲻܣĶһҡͷô죡飬ǲǱƭˣ
ģҲǴӷ˽ģǸ˾ǲһ֮Уһġ
鲢ûۼ̣ҶҲ˵йѪ顣
ڵļңȻǴӷ˽ģĶЩˣǳڻģҺܳһʱ䣬˽綼ûоˡ
ʵʵҲʮ꣬ͬǬǬһˣٶȣȻ÷˽ı׼
ǬǬСʼҲˡ
ˣĶҡͷӷ˽ˣҪ׵ϴӵеķȫᱻ׵ݻ٣Ҳ⣬ΪǷ˽ĶմȾ˷˵ϢǡƷļ𣡡
ڻ죬ҲƷ׻֣ȥʥоƷףƷƷַ֮ȣƷϵȣƷµȡ
үү㵽ܾܲȣȻҲĶɵ̬е̲ˡ
ܣֻ֮Ҫһ˿꣬Ͳ϶ȲˣҪļң˵ͳԴȥΡ
ã鵱վϽȥϢ֪ͨҶ
ȻĶȴס飬Ͻȥϴһ°ɣ㿴㣬ʲôˣȥ
Ů˭Լ·ȷԼйζ϶ʱһȥϴүүɲ׼۸
İɣ
ӰʧĶϵЦҲ֮ʧޱ飬תߣ˿ͷ
ҶһֱĵţŲ̽Ŵ򿪣ӭ˳ȥĶҲ⣬˵ͷǰ
Ķɨһ۵Ҷ˵ˣǸܾȣﲻУҪصļң㽫ͳǴ߰ɣ
Ҷüͷһ壬̸뿪Ѫ̫õʱ䣬ôܹأ
ǸˣôóȻ޷Ĵ֮ѹɣ
û£㲻ǽһ֮͸ɴཫһ齻ңȾȻ֮һͻġ
Ҷѹû뵽ĶǻлĿģ˼ţûа취̽ļңϾֻҪܾȻ̣ϧκδۡ
ңҲĶôƲԼ̣ͬ϶ᾡľȺġ
ǰܷҸһȥļңѵȽ⣬һ㣬չˡ
УĶֱӾܾļʲô˶ȥģ
ҶŬѹŻͬʱѯʷҶ
û𣿡
ûУǿˣʱҳˣѪϵһ𣬱סһ˿ꡣ
ǿѪ𣿡
ԣҪƷܱȻá
ϵļﵽƷ𣿡
ոǸɫ«
ɫ«ȻóҶ÷Ҷæ̵˿Լ΢꣬ո֮С
ҶгֵոĶһ⣬ǡñҶ׽ˣʱ裺ΪأԲǰҲǺ㣬ҪȥĻֻܽ飡
Ķɫһʱ˹Ҷ磬ˡ
鵣ĶΪҶٶϴϣ˹Ҷһ仰æڴӦ
Ҷ΢΢һЦûаԥĽոŵУȻɫ飬ѶҺҪ
Ҷ磬ģҿ϶ὫȻģҲ֣ͬµĵͷ
ĶĶոмҪˣҶɨһ۵ϣ˵㻻ȻĻСļҵġ
㣡
飬һ£ˣ
仰֮ҶͷҲصĴ뿪żľȥȴĶһס飬ҲøϽȥˣڵأ
ֻĿҶʧԼ֮УƲֵĸĶ뿪
ͬʱǰҶΪ˵ĿӣĶʶҴȻļң֮룬֪ôɣ
϶ʱ¶һ˿Цݣүү֪


1203 
Ҷ뿪ļҵСУȻղһӵ뵽оˣʱɢҲ֮
ǽһ׮£û뵽ڷ˽ûȴڻˡҶĵȻһԼԴѽ˺˵ˣָˣô֪ͨҰ
תһ룬ȻǾˣڵھǻ˼ң뿪ѪʱҲûʲô˺ļңܱѪǿȵлᣬԼȥļҽҲһġ
Ҷһһ߸·Ȼûʩչȫ٣ת֮ȴҲѾ߳ȥǧԶȻʱȻоԼ󣬳ʮҵ̺ǿҵɱ
죬ˣǣ
һҶ˵İԶԶҶüͷһ壬ίʵе㲻ţЩļҵˣѵҪɱԼ
̾˿Ҷͣתȥ̧ͷգĵȴš
Ƭ֮ʮӰҶ֮УǸղŶȺˣΪ׵ľǸͬʱҲҶ˵ӡ
һȺȫҶǰһЦҶģòڵǰɣ
Ҷޱɨһ۵Ϊʲô׷ң
ղŲҪѵѵˣ׼ôѵңϴЦ֮ɱ
Ҷͬ޲ž˵ĵҾ飬һ·ͻؼңǷǵмңҪɱңļҵıʽ𣿡
ٷϻ˭֪ʲôֶκƭģ˵ļҵıݸ߹ޱȣ˳Ϧദôʱ䣬һȥĻǰܻԣ
Ļ£ʮѾΧһȦҶΧ
ִҪɱңȻôЦĽڣѵǾͲɱҲɣɱ𣿡Ҷ¶һ˿Ц

ʮ˶ʱЦĵСӣǲû˯أɱôˣһһĭҲˣ
òĳλ˵ĵӣոճɣҺú°
ɭɭĵҪֱɱ̫ˣһ򵽰ΪȻҪúĥĥ
ļЩƺѾԼϵ⣬ҶЦҡҡͷһȺʵ߲һˣȻ˿
ȻˣǱϺЩ˽ĴŴɵĵûʲô𣬶̫Ϊǣ뵱ȻΪµһ
ҡʲôͷ죡
һüëһ̧ͳҶȥҪһ
ž
һ˶ΪҶѾݺݵһ⣬Ƕһȴ֣Ǹ˵Ѿ˵£΢΢ĲţΪεϣ°ѾȫѪģ˫Բ֮дŨŨ𾪣ȻףԼôҽ
ٿҶվƺһ£ϵ鶼Ǻ͸ղһģһЦ֮дһ˿Ū
һϣɱ
ʱʶˣҶƺԼеô෴ʵǿĿ¡
ڶļҵҲӾ֮лعȻȻе޷Լ۾ͬĲȴǰǰپôһ˼ͬʱ֣
ɲ֮䣬֮оðʮָʽֲвԴεӭҡҷĴкŵĻ䡣
ԭӦǳӴֲʱȴǳֳޱߵɱǻһսʿһҶ˹
У룬ޱȣǵصҶ
ҡҷ˵̺ƵıӣݺݵĳҶ
ҶȻվԭһ˫ֱȤſЩֲͬһλοһ⡣
¡¡
һеĹһգȫҶϣâ䣬طҵ𶯡
ˣ
ļ̲סѯʣղҶֵĲǺôô׵ıԼ˻ˣ㶼ûжһ¡
ߣһǶҲ޿ɱܣʲôϡģ
ͻȻҶӹ֮д˳ľߣ֮ԣðضľ֣شֻ֮ϧֻһȺľ
ļ˵ɫʱ䣬һǾҶʮƺʾԼô˵һƺ𣬶ҶеľȻļҵĵ۾
ʵҶģô֪ĵ۾


1204 ľ
ȫɢҶӰҲ³˵ǰֻȫºˣ·ûһ˿𣬸ղ˵ĺһϣȻûжκε˺
һĻļ˵жǷ˺⣬Ҷǿ塣
ҶԾƽ㣬ҵģǻ𣿡
ܣȻ̷ôܽļҵĵ۾߸ˣ
Ϊ֮⣬һʲô;ܹ֪ļҵĵ۾أ
죬ȴҲԷĻȻУҲҶû˵ٻΪ۾ΪļҪһļֱϵ֮⣬ϵûлѧԼҲΪմĶĹ⣬ҵ֪еһС֡
ҶȻ׵ľ͵õ˵۾˵УʮҪĵλ
뷨ӵķŭ
Ҷģˣ
Ȼſ˫ָ֣ȻҶӵ֦滹ŽɫĵߣԼ֮䣬ץҶԴ
ʦ־ȻѾľ
ҶˣľԽɱˡ
꣡
ɫָ֮ϺȻըֱΧĿռ䶼ŤȻ
ҶȴԾվԭزͷ׵Ա֮ľѹ־ܹٿأҽΪֶΣ
ٲȻһλָź󱳵̬֮Ǻ޵ҧгݣһȥɣ
¡
ɫ˺ѿռ䣬Ҷͷ
žУҶͬһСһ֮ߣֱȫҶڡ
Ҷͬûһҡҡͷͦ׵ȴС̫ࡣ
ȫһı飬ĶҶвԼͬһ⣬һ嵽ʲôģ
ľļҵۿһսΪļҵĲ֮أޱȣȻҶ׻УȻ£̫С¾ĳЩҲǿᰡ
ˣ˷ôʱ䣬ʱˣ
Ҷ𣬽˾ѹĸСˣ鲻Խ˳ĲԶ
䣡
ҶڳˣһȭһˣܶԷѾҽ߾ȫ㣬ֻȭͷǳ۾һӵǽ棬պȻ壬ͬһֻߵķһ㣬ԶԶķ˳ȥ
ţҶ̧ɨ顱һ죬һļӦأؼ߹ȫ飬ȥ
һۻҵĹ֮ļУֻʣȻվԭأ˺˵˵ϣȫ
ʵҶɱǵģϾȻЩûкøУǾ˺ôжŹЩˣǻȥ֮󣬱ضͼӴףߵڰףԼһħͷӶΪԼĵˡ
̶пΪԼܵǣǻм䲻ԣվЩһܷŹȫҪȵɱ֮ٻʬ𼣣ļҲ˿֤ݡ
˿̵ѾھҵĲ˫ʧȥеվվˣϳ־֮ɫĿҶ
ԼôˣȻ˲Ϣ֮ȫҶϣ
ҶһߵǰǲĶɱҵģ
ҶЩ˱ȻܵĶָʹȻĻǾûôĵ׷ɱԼ
ǣͷĶүүҪɱң϶ҵ㣬Ȼɱġ
ʱȻϰԵĽĶԼĵơ
ҶҡҡͷѵΪһ𣿸㣬ҵκˣҴӴ֮ңҲȥκģʱһҲһɱˡ
㣬㡭
ڱŵһƨ˵ϣҶԺúõĻţļĴΣϧƫƫҪҡ
Ҷָ׼üģֻҪһָͷȥ׵𣬶ͻȻһȻӵ͵سҺƴˣ
ĿһɫԲԼӲӣɢȻסҶ塣
Ҷɫ΢΢һ䣬ӴԼȻ޷⣬̲ܿƵĿʼгȥ
ϵĿ־ѾҶģҶ˵ˣɣģҾԲôʹģ㱻ɽ֮У壬꣬ÿһѪⶼᱻ𽥵ɽ𻷣ʱͽΪʵѲƷ


1205 ű
ղη壬ȫǹװҶģҪҵѻᣬĶ͸ƷɽҶһ¡
ɽ𻷣һҿԽɵĶɾУһаŵķһ£óʹá
ҶɱļˣȻҲû˹˼ɣڳɹɽסҶ
ͦãһ𻷣סң
Ȼɽ֮еҶ޷⣬޼ƿʩ˫ڴ֮ϣӿȪѨڣӿӴĵԴԴϵĳڣٴ֮ͷųɽ𻷡
Ҷû׼̣֮Ȼǿ󣬵ȴԸ֮ԻѡͣΪ֪ڵ²зĵʱá
ֻļǰ׷ɱʵ̫õֱڣŹֵɽ𻷣ƵòʼյԿ
𻷲Ǻųʲô
ҽոʹ죬װ¶ٵĵ
Ҷͷ֮ϣŨĵѾ۳һСͬηʿһǰ̵ĳɽ֮С
ǰǰҲ֪ȥʼʱɫгϲΪҶͷųԽ࣬ɽҲԽ࣬ܵõĺôȻҲԽࡣ
ȻŵĲӿ룬ɽ𻷽Ŀʼɫˡ
ʵҶ֮е̲ŶȻܹɽ𻷸ŵıˡ
һʱȥɫԽԽѿɽѾԭȵĳ͵Ҳǵļޣȥпܾͻը
ͻȻ޺޵һţȻתӣٶȼ죡
ΪѾʶˣɽ𻷼ҶűһҶǱȻԥɱԼԹؼʱ̣ɷɽ𻷣ҲҪסԼ
һɳϰأΪԼӦѾʱסͬʱͻȻоһɿֲæתͷȥȻ֣ҶȻɽ𻷣βԼ
ɫ䣬ʲô
ɽ𻷱ըɲܹܵ˵ġ
ҶһЦ㲻ҪΪʵĲƷԼ
Ҫ
һ˿־Ĵ𣬶ͬʱ䡱һɽ𻷹Ȼը˿
ûбĵɲǼ֮䣬񱩵˲ϯ˷Բǧ֮ڵ򣬽һжΪƽء
ȻҲûѣУûκεֿ֮ͱޡ
Ҷڽը˲䣬Ѿ˲ţӵ˰֮⣬ҲЩļʬڵط
ҶĿԶעűըƬ֮Уһ˿ͷ˿ֲ˶ٵĽ
ĶǹݵģȻԼĺ˶Ҫƣ¿Զ֪ɽ𻷿Ϊ׼ģʵȴһ˿ʶյһΪã
Ľڿը˿ͬѤ̻һ㣬ʧӰ٣ҶҲͣһӳļ˵ʬ帶֮һ֮ԼҲ̴˲ţ˽ȥ
Ϊɽ𻷵ıըĶµʶȻӦֻҪһû֤ݣǿ϶ܹ³ԼɱļôˣԲŹԼ
ƾĶܹɽ֮һ˿ܹܳɹʶҶ֪ʵӦǴﵽ˶죬ڵԼܿģԼҪжԶӶԶһ׷롣
ȻҶļңҲɵҪԼһ֮ȥӴļ࿹⡣
Ҷ²ʱ˿̣ļص֮еĶȻ̧ͷգɫüΪѿҧгݵĵҶģҿӡǣӵߣҲҪʬΣ
ҶҲûʲôĿĵأֻǲϵĿ˲ţںޱߵĻдţ̵УҲһЩԼΪϢ
ļҹȻŭѾʼĴѰԼ䣬Ҳ֪϶ĶлڰףƲҪļҵɱԼ
Ҷ֮УҲ뵽˸Ϊص⣬ǾĿǰļһ֪ԼݣͬǰҲ֪Լδǣò˶ã϶ͻ³һС
ʱԼĻΪ˺ˣ
ڣ˾ܵĶļҵ׷ɱ֮⣬Ҳûİ취
Ҷͷ棬ȫİڻڣȻû뵽ǣʮ֮һɽҰ֮У֮ϾȻʮӰΪ׵Ķ
ȻҶʮ𾪣֪ҵԼģĿļ˵ͣһ˲ͻȻһΪԺ֮дһʮĮҶӦҵʲôʱ֣ܶ


1206 ֮
Ϲ飡
ҶûǸ򿴵κˣǶȴ̵ӡһΪصĹ°ˣ̫ĺˣϹ飡
Ϲ鵱ҪҶһսΪɣȺԻʣҶ֮ȻʦӰҪߣȴû뿪硣
ȻЩҶ֪ںǣǻ죬Ϲ龹Ȼˣ
֪仹һλԼѣҶþ
ʵϹ죬ʲô֮£ҶʱʵӦôﵽ˰֮ʱȥܶɹ٣죬ҲǺ
ֻҶû뵽ôɣļҵԼʱҲ֮֡
ʱĶ۹ѾͬһĴҶҶҵˡ
ҶҲĿƵļ˵ϡ
֮ʮһļˣĶ֮⣬Ȼ׷ƮƮߣѲ²⣬ǵʵӦúĶ޼Ƕˡ
ԸһҶļҾȻôĸ֣Ҷа²⣬ļӦòɱԼô򵥣Ѿ֪һЩйԼ˵ԼϲѪȵʵĿΪԼϵĶ
Ҷǲ¶һ룬ʵļҲû̫˽⵽ΪǱ߽Ϣܷô̶̲һµʱ䣬ļҲֻܴĶڼʶҶĽһƷո֮̾뵽ҶϿ϶ֹһƷܻиõ
ˣ˴ҪҶϵкöΪУֵҶʲôԾͽ˺ϵļλˣͬԸҶ
Ҷе֣ƺļ˲ûвϹĴڡ
˵ⲻܣϹڷ˽ʱǿϾҲǸոճΪˣʵԶȲĶĶȴûз
ҶȻὫϹ鱩¶ĶĶ𱨣ѵļ˵Ĵ֮
ʱ򣬿кΧ½˸ȻǵõϢļ˵Ĵ̣ϹֵģƬ֮䣬;ۼˣɢܣĿתעĶ
ֲ֪̲סѯʵô£˭ļΪʲôҪԸ
Ҳֻ֪ʱ䣬ļڶΧ֮ѰһҶˣ¾ˡ
Ҷû˵Ͳ󣬵ʲô£ȻļҲϧôˣ
𱨣ĶЦŵҶ仰Ӧ㣬㽫СͻأǸм㣬ΪϱȻأȻΪһɱļʮӣһʬ𼣣ͼ֤ݣֻ©һӽҴ棬֪о죬Ҫץļң
ĶŴΪľֵ˶֪ļҲǿҪ˶۸ҶΪ񼫣ɱԽǵ󵽶ļҳ֣ļҲŻȫԸ
ȻΧⷬʱ˾֮
СҲ̫˰ɣΪһϧɱʮˣﵱﰡ
ǰ˼ҽԴ𱨣˾ԲҪɱ
죬Ȼļҳ֣ԼԹñˣ
˵ĶĶ䣬һ˿⣬ҪЧ
ĶȻȫߵڰףҧԼһڵĽͣҶŭЦһֻ©Ķû뵽㻹⸱ݣСˣ˵Ҵ棿ܣ
ΪһˣǾɳô֪ļҵʵҲôҪɱļҵӣģûܡҴ桯ϻҲ˵ˣȻץңǾͶְɣҼʶһȺ޳޵ķ࣬ʲôͣ
֮λ޴ǣ
Ҷ֪Ҫ뻹ԭʵ࣬Ǹܵ飬ȥ͡
Ȼʵ϶ĶǣȴҲ̫ѹΪӦ֮Ѫ֮ڣ򲻹Ӧûġ
ҶƣʱŭеļˣǸ߸ϣ۶ǣȻȴҶ޳޵࣬ﻹܡ
̾ӧλүүȥɱ
ҲȥҪʬΣΪļȥ˱𣡡
ļҵӸŭڣ޲̾ͳȥҶ˺Ƭ
ЩӶǳţ»ŰˣټǲûпҶɱǵˣԸûнҶ
Ķߵһλü߽һ壬һ֪С֪ںʲô˵浱ļ˲ɣ


1207 ̫
ֱֱ̽ɲǼ䴩Խǧ׵ľ룬ֱҶǰҶһճé®ĻëСѣȻɱļӣʵҲ߲ȥƾԼľ磬Ըֵ
ҶЦͬҲһƻӳ
žһ죬ߵڿкݺݵײһҶһģ˳һȻļߵĿȴǷһƺߣֱۺܿ˻ȥȻѾһ
Ҷ徿ǿ˺ֵزԼǱľԵľˣ϶Ҫǿһ㡣
ΪǿǲɺӲƴֱԷշ
üɫ΢΢죬æΧڶļ˵
ʵȻһСϳ˵СǶˡ
ղŻӧļˣһ¶֮ɫȻû뵽ҶȻ֮ǿ
Χ۵ǣҲǼԼ۾׷׿ʼ²Ҷ
ǿ壬ָҺļҽа壬ҲҶħ
ܣû˿ħе񣬶ħ֮ȷʵ˼λǿߡ
ôܣΪ־磬̫ˣձǿᣬħҲȲϡ
᲻ļҿԷͥĴӰ˵֮Ҳ˲λǿߣȻĻΪʲôҪļҽаأ
ļҵ˵ɫ𽥱ѿΪҲе㻳Ҷˣпܾͬ˵Ĳ²⡣
Ϊ˱ҹζ࣬Ķ߶ʮһȽҶ£ϵı˵һͷȫ˵ǣͶ
ĶгһɫСݣҡҷûҡһ£ΧĿȻ֮΢΢𵴳ƣһķ
ҶȻԼߣȴҲСļңϾۣǿҲ䱸
ȻʱһЦͻȻڿ𣺡Ǵ۽磬ųƵļңΪһСһϴôˣҾȻҪñ
һ貵ĽȻڿɢҫ۵Ĺ̫ͻȻâε˶ۡ
Ϲ飿
Ҷ뵽˳֮ӦϹ飬ΪʶϹɢĽ⣬ȴе㲻ҿ϶ϾϹٺսǿҲǸո˾ѵҺļΪУ
Ȼӿ׹䣬Ҷǰһ˴ӽ֮˳
ԲϹ飬ͬһͷɫĳΰͬһɽһ͸¶һǿİµÿë֮ƺɢĽ⣬̫һ㡣
̫ˣ
ҶʱȻѹϹ֣ԭڻУˣҿӣλͻȻ̫˵ʵƺΪǿ
ʱ˿̣ļҵڶֵɫȴȫļΪѿΧ۵¶𾪣Ϊʶˣ
̫ལΣ
̫ལΣǶ֣ڱ򣬲ȴڻ˲֪˲
Ϊһں䶯顣
֮ǰǹƥǰսͬ׸֣ʮˣȫʤ
̫֮Ĵʹ˻죬ȻЩ嶼뽫ɱལǹսȫƾʵûʩչ˿ıơ
ôˣôҲͶˣԵֻܳƿ
̫һս֮󣬾ʹ˵֮ʧˣе˵ȻӮʮλ֣Ҳܵƣӡ
Ҳе˵Ȼϱʾ׷ལεսȴʲ԰ɳ֣С
Ȼ˭Ҳû뵽ʱ̫֮ལξȻٴγ֣̬ڷļҡ
ལսĵ֮УȻҲļңкߴʱ̲ס²⣬ǲǵļ˽ɱལΣ˺ˣԲŻٴγ֣Ҷ¾ͽܡ
ҶȻ֪ལΣܲ³̫ˣ˿վҲǷΪԼͷĴмæལιһлǰִԣ֪ǰմ
仰һ˵ղΪҶལͽܵȻ֪Լ´ˣལεƢԲͽװԼʶ
ལҶļģ¶һЦݵҽལΣҲлңƢܶҵθڣղŵǷ˵̫ˣʲôļңһȺ޳޵ķѣҵҪȺ׼νˣ


1208 տڰ׻
ལεĳ֣Ѿ˶е𾪺Ϳ־壬ͬ޵еǿߣʧ³֣Ϊʧ٣ٿԿ϶ڵǰֻǿ
ȻڣལζҶС̬ǣһλǰҪҶԿļҡ
ļǾްԣǰ֮ǰ̫³ԹİټһͬǼҶ׼ô죿

ǰ֮ǰǰЩļ˾Ͳ̫Ķ֣˵ˡ

ղĶ׿˵ˣҶɱļʮӣѵ˾ôˣ
˵עȻȫеļ˵ϣ˿̣λȫϣĶɫѾҪѿжѿĶ嶼΢΢
Ҷǣǿ̫֮ǿû˿ĺ͵
ļңٻӣǶԥĻʮλֵལ˵Ὣļҷ
ļƴҪҶôͷֻǰװ׵Ķ˵
ĶѣȻתͷȴٳ޷
ļҵЩˣȻеĲʶ̫ǿ󣬵˵ӰΪļܵһ裬ļûвֵ֪̫ġ
Ȼ֮ʣвƽʱ˿ȴҲٷκεֻܸݺݵĵҶһжΪ׶ġ
ļǵʲôù˸֮£ϣڣȴǽ˴Ҷ̫ǲճˡ
ǰ±ض꣬죬֪ܷɹɹҲ̫Ķ֡
ʲôܣȫûпܣ̫ǰѾˣ¶п˰ɣƾļҼԳ֣ҲδĶˡ
Ҷ̫˲սϵɫǼΪɣעſеļˣΪյľȨļңǾսߣȫǵһ֮䡣
ҶȴҲһ˿ΣΪ֪ܽԼļսǺͣԼֿ¾Ҫˡ
Ǹʱ򣬸ҲԻŷԼڻҲǾٲά衣
Ƭ̹ȥļȻû̫ȴѾʧȥģüͷһǸòһֱôվȥɣ
ĶɫѿĿڵǰ֪Ķ֣ҶСӣɱʮӣҲҪֻ
˵ɱɱˣû֤ݣལһЦҳʲôҴĵӣտڰ׻˭˵һ˵ϴۿɱ۹ʮأ
ĶѿɫʱòҰޱȣǰ⻰ɲ˵
Ҫལεⷬȥ۹пΪ棬ǵʱԼôĶ֪ˡ
ལνһߣȻ֪˵㻹˵ʲôҵƾʵ˵ȻҲ
õļҶĸ֣̫èһԴĳ𣬵Ķȴһƨٷš
ֻܺ޺޵ĵҶһ֮һ֣ļ뿪
ԭһսȻΪֶ̫֮ҶȴǱڳиֶסˡ
һ̫ܵȻѵļҷˣ
лǰ
ȻҶѾ˺ļƵ׼ļҼȻߣôȻҪʽλ̫лҲ̫֮Ի֣ǺϹйء
ལηЦҶ˵˲лһֱͿЩ岻˳ۣҲǰҳ˿Ϲ˵Ĳȷʵֵһ
ںδ
ҶںϹһ棬ΪϾǴԼڷ˽ˣҲԴһЩԼҪϢ
ﲻԶСƢһ壬£ӡûߣȥ
ལεĻҶͷð첻µزµϹ飬ܹˡ
ལ̧ͷ˿ȻȥЩֵǣüͷ΢΢һֶѾˣôߣ
䣬ڶɢɴ˿ɼ̫ʵֲ̫ˡ
Ҷལһɽϱ֮̾ͿϹ顣
ս̫ˣ˿ŭվһʯ֮󣬶ͷĽ֮һֻССȸȻﵱѣϹ޷˫ĵ߹ལΡ
ལεķӡļΪףȻ˶ӡסˣܶ
ӣҶǼסЦལȴǺ޹˼ɵķЦһӣֱӽ˷ӡ
Ȼһ̣Ϲȴǻһ⣬ԥĻȭལΣ


1209 ֳŵ
Ϲ龹ȻһȭལΣҶһལεıֿ϶ҪߵĶ࣬·ϣǴɻ䰡
ལζԴȴȻϰΪЦоȻͬȭӭȥ
䡱һ죬ƴޱȵײһˣ˷𵴶ȥȻҶҲ˰ķΧ֮ڣȴ㲻һͽɿµ֮С
ٿϹ飬ôô˻ȥٶȱղֻ첻һ󡰻ݺݵײ˺󷽵ʯ֮ϣʯȫ
Ϲ飬ô˵ţﲻǷ˽磬ǻ죬ңԶأҿ㣬ʱգضܳΪµ̫
ལЦĵ
ϡһſ¡
ϹһʯվĻӦ
ԴˣҶֻܱԿЦ̫Ǻսӣ֮䣬ܻʲôݣʹҲȻ֣ѾϰΪˡ
֣
ҶæϹ˸кȻĮһһֱˣ޷ֳŵˣ㻹ţ
֪ϹԸ񣬻һⷬƶ̣ȫ
ҶȻ⣬㿴һλˣãַģһսĻҾԲġ
ͽһսΣ
Ϲйâ˸Ȼһ۲۵սˣʱ޿̲սˡ
ȻҶûʲôһսȴյͷãҶҵĳŵһս
ҶҲûа취ˣϽ죬ϹѾԼĴΣҲʲôֻԼһսԼʵ޷ֻܾһսˡ
ã
ҶӦˣϹ֮̾ͷųɽ⣬һǿս⾹Ȼ˲ͷų֮䡣
ҪĻﶯ֣ǰ￴ֵ˲δԶע⵽ˣһ鷳£ߣȥǣ
֮Ľ֣̫ལβԣһ˽ԼԣҶҲΪ棬Ҫжǿʵǹ˼ԼͺݣҶ֡
ֻལָָ֮һԲν⣬ҫۣȻǶѱϹײʯƬһָ
䣡
֮¾Ȼһĥ̴С̫âȴʮֵͣལγҶ֣̫֮УϹ
һĻҶǾȲѣĸ˽ȥ
С̫֮дҶǰȻʣһƬȫµ硣
ƵһƬɽߵһɽϴһǧ׵ľ޴ٲ¡죬ɽָ۳һ峺ˮ̶
һɶʯ̾ͶɵС·ͨģһƬ֮Уܹľ죬ﻨ㣬Ȼиַ޲ʱȻ
֮УԼ͸¶ŵֺӳڲľ֮䡣
ҶĿɿڴȻⷽ󣬵ǰһо޶ʵڵģûɡ
ңӸղŴǸС̫֮ʱܹоĳﲢǴڻϵĳطӦǿǿпٳһ磬ȫڻ졣
ལʱЦŵطôɣ
ҶԵ޵һ츣أǰֶͨ죬
ȻҳҵȷǿⷽɲҿٳģĿǰ濪ٳģΪ̫ڻĸݵء
ལʵʵ˵ɼԸҲǹ䣬ˣȻҶʮ壬ǳϣԼһҲܿٳһ磬ʱͿԽԼеѶƾӵ֮С
ˣǾﶯְɣһжĽƣҲõĻ򻵣ܷʩΪ
仰֮ལξԹߵԱߣһʯͷϣϾĵȴŹս
ҶϹʱң˴վһۺϹҶʼɣ
Ϲֱӳ֣ȻҶĹʽƣֱӻȭҶ˹ʹõĲǴΪȭͷ֮ϰһҫ۽⣬̫ͬһ㣬̲ž޴
Ҷ̫йһЩ˽⣬֪ŷ̫̫֮ΪͼڣĹսһģҲǺ̫йأԳ֮䣬˾̫ͬһ㣬ݣâҫۡ
ҶҲҪϹʵͬȭȭȭͷӭȥ
ȻȭͷײһʱϹȭͷ֮ϵĽͻȻɲǼҶǰһƬɫ۾ϴһȵĴʹͬʧһ㣬ҲκεĶ


1210 Ϲֻѹ
۾ʧȥãҶȴţΪʵһزƾĸйۺʶϹҲûʲôˡ
Ҷʶ̶ȶԶˣƾźķȻ׼ȷĺϹȭͷײһ
飡
ҶֱֻȻһһɴ˳ȭͷӿԼڣⲢǵһĨɫĹ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ徹ȻĨɫĹڷ⣬â֮оȻԻص·
Ҷ͵һΪ·Ȼδġ
·к֣ܶҶĿǰ֪ľ֣··Ѫ֮ƺ·
Ȼ˵·ÿ˵ֳĻͬ䲻ڣҶڵļʶٿжϳ·˿âԻ·ȴǵһμ޷Ʋ⡣
ȻһȫµĴ·
Щ·֮дһǿ֮ȻסҶĸλҶԶ޷
ȻһƬɫǰһɰϢڻȻϹ鼴һжˡ
ȻҶϹ鲢ǳˣǼȻսôȻҪֳһʤ˭ҲԸܸԷڲ˺Էǰ£Բκεıȫ
ԶսལĦԼ°ͣĵϹ̫·Ѿ߳Σ֮ͻ֮նѾҪҵ̫Ļû׼ܹ⸴̫һ壬ʵδʵֵԸ
̫ܷһϹأϹֻѹ飬Ϳˣ
ʱϹ飬ֱѾһ̫ɣԺ󣬻һССĽɫ̫ͬߵķһΪƽ˼ס
ţϹ˫ٴγһֻ̫аƴСȼܻ棬ͷޱ˺ǿϢ
ټϹԼô֮ⷽеھǶ̫
ٿҶ֮ͬɢŽ⣬ԼͷųģϹĨâԭأһ
ལٴοڵӣϹ鼼һ̫·סҶĹӡչҶǿҲԵסӡⳡսϾֳܷʤˡ
Ϲ鿪ʼƶ˫֮е̫ƴС̫·һҶ˹ȥ
С̫֮أռŤ¶һһĺڰڣҼ̫Զ룬ɢĽɫâȻס˿ռĸԭ½һɫ֮·
ۿ̫ҶǰȻȴͻȻ˾޴ϹϵĽѾ˼£ɼǽ߾ȫˣС̫ȴǰ
ΪҶܣһʵ·ֶͬһŴһ㣬סпҶһУ
ͬʱҶĹâȴһĻལɫʱ䣬ȥһ˫ĶҶȻ̫·ãϹ飬ջعӡ
ʵ̫˫ԣһΪԣһΪԣ̫ϢϢأͬΪԡ
̫·̫еģں˹Ժ۶ɵ·Ѫ֮ơ
ҶԼĵһӦˣͼ
ĿǰѾɹΨһǷȱľ쳾ҲֻҪһʱ䣬ĻҲԳɹĽˣϾԳѾֻ߱ں϶ѡ
ȻϹʩչ̫·;߱ԣҶȻǳɹס壬֮ҲΪһŦҶʣϵϵͽϵӵһ
ĳĸӦ֮£ȻʼںϣҲʼϹͷų̫·
仰˵Ϲ̫·Ϊһ¼ҶڰԴбչصʱδɵ̣ʼںӶ۳ȫµ
̵УҶ򵽵ĵԶסϹĹӡӡͬɹʩչսལϹϽջȥȻĻһᱻҶյ
ĻѾ͹ӡΪһϹ飬¶пΪһҶͬա
ϹȻҲ˲ԾǺսǵջشӡһͷ𷢿裬ͨÿһѪⶼڷ⣬Ȼ׼ǿͻҶƵķ
ס֣
ལڲֻϹˣһһⷽ統и߹ҵ̫ͻȻһ˿ʱֳһһС硣
СķָߣǡþϹҶм䣡


1211 ˾
Ϲڰ磬е̫̼ɢΪУϵĽԺ̫Ҳ֮ʧ
£Ϲǳûˣһ޺޵ĵལһۣŴŵ㲻ջơ
ò˵ལεȷǹ䣬ʵȫҶںڰ磬ȴûô
ΪҶǴ״̬ɹ֮ӽڰ磬»߻ħȻڹ֮Уҫ
ϹڲٴˣལһָڰһƬѵľһ֮ɲǼѷ죬Ϣը˿ڰʧ֣϶Ϊһ
ˣ
ϹߵལεߣȻĮɱ䣬ǵ˵仰ͬʱȴܹоֲʡ
֮Ľ֣ûгԵʤǾͳҶܹڽֵͬʱȻȥȻϹҲԾ޷Ҷ壬֮ܿĲˡ
Դˣལεһ˿Цݣͷ˾ˣ䣬ڵȷҪߵ·ܳúŬҲһܹ׷
϶ģ
Ϲ鶢ҶвĹâ
Ϲ̤֮·쿪ʼڲϵսжȹûаܹܴĶǱҪߵʿ֮ͬУĴδһܡ
ҶΪս죬Ȼͻ̨ƣǰһ̾ͽҶΪ˶֣Ҫһս
ȻܸҶǵûģ˸ĶңҲȷźܴռ䡣
Ҫܹҵ̫ͺˡ
ϹĻལεͷҸղҲô˵ģֻҵǣ̫пܱѩޣЩҲĴһЩüĿ̫˵ȽϺңǹꡭɣ
ལλδ˵ȫϹҲûм׷ʣ˶עеҶϡ
СҲȷʵһֲţ͸ΣǰֵЩ·ҲҴδģûѣ˵˵йϸ
ལεѯ֮£ϹͽԼҶ˽˵˳
ڷ˽ʱϹҲ෽йҶ֪Խ࣬Խ𾪣ΪҶ飬ÿһǾ춯ء
κ˶Ҷģ
ϹལȻҲǳֳ֮ɫǶҶȻץס͵£ʵ޷š
֮ǰͨǷһֲĴըһƬ˭Ҳ˵ԭΪˡ
ལɫصĿϹϹ飬㽫ûҲҪסƾһȥĳǲʵ顣
ңҲô򵥣꣬ӿۣħ壬ǰ߶ڰͼıҲ֪Ҫʲô֮δľ죬ԻһƬҪƬ֮ȥҪѧύһЩѡ
Ϲɫƽû˵ֻǾעҶ
ҶȻվ·˹֮Դ֮ϸɫĹⲻ֣ϱ任ƻá
ȻʱⷽͻȻҵĲһ£Ϲ΢΢һôˣ
ལ˫Ŀ磬ɫ˿еĳλãȴͬʱһʯͷ顣
иַҪǿд룬Ϲ飬Ҷߣ
Ҳߣ
̫ⷽһݵ㣬Ҳ൱̫˵ļң԰Ҫǿд룬ȻǵзѣϹ鵱Ȼ뿪
ߣܹıضһˣпĳЩļҶһǶֻ֣ģѾ֪ͨҵһλѣֻҪܼʱҾͲ¡
Ϲ黹˵Ȼꡱһľ촫ֻղལŵĿеλãȻһ޴ѷ죬ţѷ췭ռͬһһ˺˿
һӰ˿С
Ȼһʵɫ֣޷ĿལȴһЦļղҲŽĶߣû뵽ô죬æΪǳˣӣǵȻǻ̵ĺܰӦòһ˰ɣ
ļҵμ
ң
һӰļԣͬҲԹסòལȴȻϳ˶Է΢΢һü۹ˣ֣۹͸岻ͣ㾹Ȼļܵһѵı۲ɣ


1212 ۵
ļˣལβ⣬۹˵ĳ֣ȴе޷⡣
֪е֮жֹۣȻǹȥ飬Щ޲յĻԻͣһλۣǵļ֮Ҳȷʵе۾ȷǷĵ̣ԣ۵Ĺϵ̫Ǣ
Ȼڣ۹Ȼ˺ļҼͬʱܵҺͻⷽСķӡվһս֮ϣȷལʮ֡
ʱļ˫ֱ󣬾Ӹ£俪ڵལΣ֮ǰս壬ֻɱҵ׵ܵܣ֮伣֪٣û뵽ǲ֮ⷽУ֣ȻһҲ
۹ҲſڵལΣ㲻䣬۹͵Ϊɱѡ
˵ĺѵΪƾǶˣɱ𣿡ལЦ𷢷˿塣
۹˵йâƣལεʵ޼Ŀ֮£ķλ۹˵עƺǸͣҶϡ
ٽҶལζȻ׹۹ĿҶԼҶ£ΪԼǡ
Ϲ飬Ҷһ뿪
ལʶϹ鴫ϹȻߣҲԼλǿߵĶֻ֣ƶŲҶȥ
Ȼո۹ȴͻȻһָ£ལһҲΪôĵӣ
˵ͬʱལҲһָ䡱һ죬âڿըⷽضʼҵ
ϹλǿΪûһۣŲͣҶߣʱļҼ۹ȴͬʱ֣һལΣһϹ顣
ȻǵǽֻΪ˶ԸལΣҲҶڡ
ལβΪ̫֮һ̫ӭ۹ˣڿһе̫ٴηѿⷽ·ָ˹ͺڰ硣
ֻҶϹ鴦ڹ磬ļ۹ȴǴںڰ硣
䣡
޴ײལһ֮ͬʱнΪǿߵĹ΢΢һ̲ס˳һ
ߣ
ལζϹһ𣬺߽һҧȥҶȻҶȴǶȻ۾
ղλǿײĶʵ̫ˣȻӲĽ˹
ʲôˣ
ļ۹ˣߣ
ϹԼ࣬һ仰˵꣬ҶҲ׹ȴû뿪˼һҧ۹ӦΪҶҲһ֮ǰҳе
ȻҶ֪۹ľ˭Ȼҳ֮һӴû˿ĺøУԾҪͶԷ
ϹķӦҲʮָɴ࣬һͷãǶԸ۹ˣ
ͲߣҶȻߣǲ뿪ˣལüͷһ壬뿪ڣļҼȴָͷһɫ⻪ʴ䣬ǵصĹ˹
֣Сģ
仰ҶѾһ⣬Ѫɫİ֮£۹ˡ
ܹལο۹ˣҶɲадʩչѪ֮ڣӦ֮ᣬ򲻹ҲҪϳԷƬ̣ļֶԸལΡ
ҶȥͬʱϹҲǻâɣûӡһ̫۹˹ȥ
۵
۹˵֮г˲мӣſȻ˴գͷҶϹץȥ
ҶҲ˻긫Ĺ̵нսͻ긫ںϵһһֻ޴Ľɫϻų۹ˡ
ۣ
۵
Ҷ⼸ǿһ۹˵ǰȴǸûκεֵ֮ɫ޻׵ľͱĳޣֻ˿ͣͶûУץ
ۣ
һ죬ӡͬ鿪
ҶӦ֮ᣬٶ˼ޣҪѳֻǵķΧȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͷǸǲܵ¡
۹˵Ĵ־ȻȫĽܵĿռ䶼׵ķӡͬոһƾҶڵٶȺʵ޷ͻơ
ȻϹҲ㣬ͬ޼ƿʩֻĿŴּס
ལȻˣԺʵ޼ļҼҲ޷ٷĳȶˡ
ʱһȴ⴫յ۹壬ӲȥǣǾӦݷˣû뵽ǻܵӵֵܣ𣿡


1213 ħүү
ոձļҼ۹˺Ǹ޴ѷ֮Ȼһ죬ⷽСնʱȥһһ޴ĺɫӰ֡
һٽӽ׵׳ͨºȻֻΧһƤطȫ㣬¶һͭɫļ⣬׳Ŀ¡
һͷͷ֪жûϴˣ͹ⷢͬҲһӣҿ󣬲Ȼƶʲô
Σʵ̫صˣֻҪһΣ;Բǡ
׳֣ļҼ۹ܵĹâ΢΢һȻ֪׳
ལϵıȴǷŵħֶ
ҶϹȻ֪ħǺҲץһͨˣ˵֡
ħ
ʵǲڸ۵ĴڣһΪֻϧе㲻ʹ
˵֮ʱ߻ħȻһǴӴ֮Ҳͱ⸱ģ
ֲǣǻ첻ߣۻڣûµ˻£ټʵǼǿˣ˭Ҫӡ
Ȼ˵ĺǲһɵһƽϣԼ桭
һͷħƽϵһɣȻǵ壬ҲһһأΪ۸˷ħһˣɶħһ˸̤ƽأӴ֮󳹵ʧ
ˣļҼ۹˿ħ֣ǡ⡱һ£˭Ҳû뵽ħȻ̫ལֵܣ
ħ̧ԼֻȴСƣԼͬһͷбĸ۸ֶֶĸ
ལһָҶϹǣ
ֶ£үүڴˣ˭۸ǣѻƣ
ʱ۹˵ѾҪѹҶϹͷħһĻжʱ۴УȻֱֻ̧ƺݺݵĲȥ
ħ屾ͱȳҪߵĶֻ࣬żֱͬĥһһֱ̤Ƭն𵴲ѡ
۹˼ȥץҶϹ飬ôֱƱػᱻħĴŸȸţȱ˵᲻ᱻˣǿֻ֪ûϴŵװϲһĴţҪ汻У붼˾öġ
֮£۹ֻջԼƣħĴžȻҲڿӲת˸Ȼ۹˲˹ȥ
𿴷ħ񲣬ɵɵǲûʧķ裬֪˭ǵˣ˭ѣ׼㣬ͱˣ
ǾͿһĻ澰۹˲ϵ֮ⷽиıԼλãٶȼ죬˲Ϣ䣬ӵʲôλãħֻȴӰΣĸмξǲ·
۹˵ıӲ㶼Ҫˣһֻ׷ŲȣⱲӻûֶ˵顣
ħҪٱңҲˣ
Сյģ㻹үүҿ
ħʼնվԭأδһ£һֻžͱƵ۹˲ͣӴܣ£мܹ
ལεɫҲڻͷħһһ޾ļҼ۹ˣȻҶ˵ǳڿߣһĲֹЩˡ
ȻҶ˻Ӧһ춯صĺɱͻȻ⴫һϵɱҶ棬ɱļôӣ쿴˭ܹ
Ķ
Ҷϼһ޵ҧгݣʵһе鶼ģȻɱƾԼĿǰʵȻĶ֣ԼĻܺһս
һȺ˴ȱ֮˽Ӱζ飬мļҵˣҲ۹ˡ
ֶߣүүǵסǣ
ؼʱ̣ħֹͣ˶۹˵ĲɱԼֻŵת򣬶׼ȺˣȻȥ
¡¡
һȥѣʮ˸ɲǼͱħһŸȳ࣬ѪĽѪɡ
˻ɱļ֮һˡ
Ƿħ
ϳ˷ħʱŵʧУħǷЦȻʶҷħүүǽͶˣħүүɣ
ҶϹһۣԼͬĵ˵ͷѾ˾Ǿߣ
ǵСҲΪֻˣħལβлߣȻĻҪԼˣʱ»ۣܵ
˶¹ϣȻ⣬Ȼκԥ˫˫𣬻⣬ߡ
׷
ĶĿʼվͶҶȻܷŹæһȼ׷ȥ
ĶĴͷټзħش˵أļҺ۹˸붼ľȫ˳ȥֱֳ׷ҶϹ顣
ҶⷽһɲǣĶȴǴལεлȥҲҪҵˣ


1214 ̥
ལεĻҶһ֪Է˵ԼҪҵ˾˭ΪԼҪҵкüལζԼûж⣬лĻԼƱҪǰһ
ȻҪ취ȥУ
ҶӦ֮ᣬѪɫȼգȫӣٶǿǣ˲ϢȻɹ˦˴󲿷ֵ׷ȻһȺ˻ܸٶȣϾӦֻ֮Ƿ˽ĶʩչٶȻҪۿۡ
ҶģĶһЩϼһ֮⣬ȻмˣŮ
Щһﶼ˭ҷҿǵķӦòļҵģôҲҽ׷ᣡ
ҶֹԼȻʱ䣬ǳۼҳ֮⣬Ψһֻļҵˣ׷֮УԺü
ԼھӵжǿʵҶԼȻ컹һξ룬һһ󾳽֮УԼ˵޵УپԱ֮
ܹ»ܸԼٶȵģӦȫǶ쾳ǡ
ĶЩϼһﵽ첢ϡ棬ܹﵽ磬Ȼ֮ʡ
Ҷ²ûд׷ʵڸ壬εҲһ
ÿԼ鱨ЩԴֻǻ죬Ҳ˷˽硣
ڻڣʵҶ֣Ѿͱ֪ȻǸʱû˷ϡ
УֻϣһȺ֮гһţֻеѣڲֻͬϾȻԾţ磬Ϊ֮еһԱ֮£ٴҶ֣ȻҪǵˡ
ˣҶ׷֮УʵٰļҴҵ塣
ȻǲԻ⻹ֻǵһ죬ôǿߣǵȵھ죬֪жٸ֣
һ̣Ҷʶ˾ͷ˽֮ʵ
ҶֻԼǰ·һƬڰȫ⣬֮ͨоһδ֮Եõٻ׷ͷ
Ҷҿ˭ܾ㣡
ĶһЦԼ뵽ҶĶУҪʿٶȡ
Ķ㻹뵽˭ܹɣ̫ǰ˵ĺϴۿɱ˼۹ĵӣ
ҶĻ
Ķɫʱ̫˵ģе飬ܹо߼λ۹˵Ŀ⿴Լ
λѣǧС˵˵ǴҪ֮Ĺϵ
Ķæ͡
ȻҶȴǲĵļ˵̫ǰʲôݣ֮ˣɲ˵۹ҪǲţҼʣû顣
ǰ̫ལ˵ⷬʱ۹˲δڳ֪κ;ʱҶԴĽལΰ˳Ȼ˼ֿŶȡ
һ۹ĿĶһ۵ĵѣǰã۹һӳ˻ɱ£ļҪҸ˵ˡ
ĶɫɷףҲ֪ǱĻǱŵģҧгݵĵλѣȽС֮һʼ֤ҵס
ʼϻļҼȻ뾡취֤ףѵܽͳȥɣ
Ҷٴ
СҪǧУĶһٶȶȻ˼֣ҶѾǺ֮ǣҶʿû뵽ˡ
ҶڲϵļҺ۹ĹϵʵҲڽп಻ΪѪ֮ڿҪＫޣһʧȥڵٶȣԼ˲ܱЩ˸׷ϡ
Ҳûκεİ취ߣ˲ŵʱ䶼ûС
ȻʱԺ֮кȻһҶ֣ҽǧ˪Ըȥ¥͵Ļҿ԰Ŀǰ
¥һרŮӵɣҲһλŮۣպգļ֮ͬһ
Ҷ׷֮У¥һӣΪǧ˪ҲǸһеĵһˣʸΪŮ۵ѡ
ǧ˪ĻҶһȻ׷ԼЩ˿ϵģʵ϶Ǹ̥ʱǧ˪ŻԼ
ҶҲʵ;ô
Ϊ
΢һ֮ҶӦãôҰЩ׷
ǧ˪һСҶ˿ܣߺܼ򵥣ǰһУм丣ٿջֻҪ嵽¥ĵ䷿һֱӾܽ¥֮⣬û˻֪ȥ


1215 ʦ
ò˵¥ŵȷ֮ȻͨԼڵĴһջ֮У֪ľͻᵽ¥
ǰһǳѾɼҶĿԶȻڳһ¥ߵĿջ鸣ٶ֡
ʱҶﲻеԥˣ¥£ԼضǶԼͼıԼͨǰ¥ھ˻ѨҪٳ¾ˡ
ȥ¥ЩҲܷŹԼǵУ³϶Ҳ֮ء
ǰлǣҶǾǰ¥ô˵ҲһǱɡ
ö֮Ҷîųǳطȥ˳Ĵ˸ֿջټǧ˪ϵָλãڳɹ˴
׷Ҳ˲ԣһ
ãдСҪˣ
԰ֵطôд󣬶Сô֪ģ
пΪԼõĺ·ѹһ·ɣԭǲú˴󡣡
ǧ˪˵ЩĿҶͨ뿪ûһ뵽ڵ
תâ죬ֱӽֿջݶǽڶ˿ȥҶվڴУ˫Ŀ磬ĴЩ׷ɨÿ˵εĿԼԺ֮УֻҪԼδѲպȻǱ֮
ĶҶݺݵĶĶţ
ȻҶҲǸΪǧ˪ŮӣȣһϮǳɫȹֻһɫɴڵסʵĿ
λ֮ͣҶлر
ҶϾĳ˹˹֣ЦĴ˵ʧˡ
Ҷľ棬ڳô˸ûзϵģĸǱԺգҴƴ󣬶ҶǿҲһ˶ѡ
ҶʧȴҲЩֻܺ޺޵뿪һЩȻĵģĶ֮
ǸϵԱߣϸоϣܹͨδȫɢƣƲҶȥʲôط
ҶѾһ츣֮Уͬһ磬ҲǾɫ˼µɽ֮أལεǷ绹ҪСһЩⲻҶüͷ
¥ȻǳŮ۵ĵ壬֮еĵ϶٣ס֮رȻҲӦǹʵڲӦôСһ֮УңԼҲδӦ˵Ĵڡ
ȻˣҶֶ֪û˵ͬ⣬Լ޷뿪ҲͰȿĻ˵
ⷽʵ̫СûڵҶҴҶƬ̹Ѿת˸飬ͣһűµׯ԰֮ǰΨһһ
òǸǧ˪Լסɣ
Ҷվׯ԰ſڣʶԼϵˣ¥ڣŮ۵ɣôܻôСһǷ
Ȼǧ˪ҲǶˣһˣܱһȺҪõĶ࣬˻ȥƴٻȥĻࡣ
վׯ԰ſԥƬ֮Ҷ󲽵˽ȥ
ׯ԰ܲûκεĽƷӡȫĲ
ȻΪеС͵˭ǧ˪ƭԼģԼҲûҪ
ׯ԰ҲʰļΪţһŮԾס֮أҶǣܹ֮УȻļ䷿ǺйأһרŵڷһһǰڷŸйص鼮䣬һרŷòϣһרŷɵ
Ҷ𼸼ɵһߵһҡͷǧ˪ȻʦˮƽʵǲôƳЩ㲻ϣ
ȻҶûƹǺͳһͬС죬ټӵкüȻжϳĺû
ǧ˪ƵЩŵ˽磬ԶǼֵǣŵ죬ʵǷĲֵ
ˣǧ˪֪ŲٺõԽƭҪıƺҵ
ʦڸǼΪԵģղصãǧ˪ƳЩֵǮȴȻ䱦ղͿԿ
ڳʥ֮⣬ʣֻˣؼҵǸɫ«ͷѪ΢õ֮⣬ԪˮƤսģƷһ㡣
Ҷһһߵ˰ڷ鼮Ǹ䣬һһҳд߸֡ʦ
ʦô˵Ҷüͷ룬ַһҳ۾ҲǶȻԲˣΪһҳżʿī֭˦·
ҲʶҶȴ֪⼸·Ѫ֮ƣ


1216 
Ҷ⼸·Կ϶Ѫ֮ƣʦҲԼˡ
ڴԽͨʱΪҶ»ָ־Ҷλʦʦֺ¼˵˳
оֻ֣ʱҶû˵ʦ
Ҷľλʦʦ㣬Ǹǵսǿߣÿ˶漰˲ͬ򣬱УóŰԣ
Ȿ飬ҶΪ¥ӵǧ˪ղԼʦֵ鼮⵹ϡ棬ΪʦʦȻųʦ֪ϵ裬˿ɼôĺйص鼮ȻҲͳΪ˾ʦǵ֮
Ҷַ鼮ҵ׫д鼮ÿжһЩѪ֮ơ
Ѫ֮Ҳ൱һֽƣֻѪһŵܹѪԽ伤ˣҶԿ϶ԼѪ϶ܹʦһЩѶϢ֮Ѫ֮ƵУͲõĻᱻ˵õ
Ҷ׼Ѫ֮еԼѪʱһ˹Ҷ֣ҲͰˣҷҵĶϰ߿ɲã
ǧ˪ˣʱûнׯ԰ֻǿʶ鿴ҶΪ
ҶȻټѪˣһǧ˪Ѿͬһ˽һ۾ͿҶõ顣
žžž
棬ֱӽȫԼС
ҶʵģȴδκεĶ»ǧ˪ĻɣֻǵһЦƬ̣£תת֣ûзֹŵӣѵ¥ֻһ𣿡
˻ǧ˪˿һͽϵɴ¶Լһǵס
ǧ˪ݸһЦ˼Ҷ֣Ҹղ̫żǼҿջ¥ͨҵסģ¥󷨲ͨ¥ġ
ҶȻ֪ⲻдǣʼȻˣһ뿪ɣϾ룬һŲ󷽱㣬ʱһȥ»ܻ
˵֮ҶУǧ˪΢΢һЦҶ֣ôҲľˣһлĻûУ׼뿪𣿡
лοҵӦҲбĿİɣ
ǧ˪££Լ㷢ðɣҾʵʵ˵ҶҲѾιҵס֪ҶΪԣ˵Ҷֵв֪ܷҼʶһ¡
ҶаЦȻԼһԷԼƭΪԼϵ
ðɡҶˬһͷϵȷ벻ķۡ
ҶԪˮƤս˳ȻҲֻƷ֮С
ǧ˪ɨһۣͲٶ࿴ȻһЦҶ֣㻹һⶼûа㲻øҿĻҾֻȡˡ
˵֮䣬ǧ˪ѾǰʱҶ͸оܵ˱仯һεǽڵԼǰ
Ƕ˵ʵԲڵҶܿġ
ҶһתĵɣûУҶ֮Ҳо̽һΣ
Ŷǧ˪ЦٻȻĵңϵԼƳŶ
ҶɫղҿƳЩ˵ʵͲ϶ǶΨһԵƳǷƷ
ʲô
ҶĻȻǧ˪ע⣬һᵽ飬Ȥ޿ˡ
ɣﲻĻҾһ㿴֮˵
ǧ˪ҶƬ̺󣬵˵ͷãҿҪһҶ֣ⷽΪУûҵͬ⣬޷뿪ͲҪˡ
ģ֪
ʵھǧ˪ҪҶߣҶߣΪҪԼʦֲѪ֮еĶ
ǧ˪˺һǶǽڶʱʧҶҲҡڵĴǧ˪ǰ˳ȥ
м±ҪȺ˵ãҸûãķǺϣָܹһ¡
˼ƣ
ԣ
Ҷ˵ʵƣǲϻṇ̀϶൱Ĳֻ֪裬һŲ֪Ҫǧ˪ָ㡣
ǧ˪ҲȤҪҶˮƽѡ˼ϣָҶʼ
ʱ䣬ҶɹһӨ͸Ϻɫеֵǣﵽ⣬ȻһһδĹŹ·赲ʶ赲Ŀ⣬޷жϳƷף
֪⵽ǳ


1217 
ⲻҶ¶֮ɫĥѵԼƳ⣿
˵ܣΪⶼǰǧ˪ָ㣬ҲҲǺǰƳʱ޼켶棬͵͵һѪ֮ѪӦܹɹƳ
㲻볾϶û⡣
Ҷɣǧ˪̲סһЦҶ֣ɲǷ˽磬ǻˣЩ鲻Ҫٱǰ뷨ˣǲǿһŹֵ·Ļƣڱʶʶ
ʵģھƳκγ·ΪƣͬƳĵҩҲƣ߶ܹ赲ʶʶ޷жϳƷס
ҶȻû뵽磬ƺ͵ƣжƷף֪Ƴĺû
ǧ˪ֽǱϺɫıȡУеһֻǳһֽȻ̻ͬһ·
ǧ˪ھ죬һרŵļƷʦܹƺ͵ƣͼĺû
Ʒʦ
Ҷ˵ȫİʣǺܺ⣬ȻǴǧ˼
Ҷ֣ҾҪƳĺûˡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲ뿴ԼƳĵһʲôƷס
ǧ˪ҡеżѾ˱Ľ֮ϣͻȻһػӼϴܳɲ֮䣬Ѿ˻ҽ
Ҷȫ֪ʲô˼𣿡
ǧ˪ıеŹ̧֣ͷҶһֳۣһżղҪһ¡
ǧ˪ֽż˱֮ϣͬγ֣ȼճ˻ҽ
ǧ˪յż֮Աüͳżֶ΢΢Ĳš
ҶҲһЩŵӦúһҲƷ׻ֵģǧ˪϶Ǵӵ͵ߣóƷ׵ļȴ޷Ʒס
żҲΪҽʱǧ˪Ǳһܣ˫۴עеǱܾù߽ͬһ㣬һҡͷһĵܣôܻƷеȻƷϵأܰ
ڣǧ˪óһżҶƷֵǣƷµܼ
˵֮ǧ˪Ȼ˱֮ϣৡһżȻȼΪ˻ҽ
ȻƷҲ޷
ǧ˪ֱԼ۾ضȴڲסϲú˷ܡ
Ҷʵ̲סˣüͷڵ˵òǸƭˣһѼٵļɣ
ȻҶԼѪ֮Ѫİ£ӦܹƳҲţԼһƾƳƷҲ
ǧ˪ǻعûҶĵ٩ɫĽ͵ȥʥоƷףƷƷַ֮ȣƷϵȣƷµȡ
ͬƷ׸ߵ֣ʮƷǰƷӦľƷһƷֻܼƷµȵƷܹƷµȺƷеȵƷܹƷԴơ
ʮƷʮһƷʮƷֱʥģ
ҸղżƷܹƷµǾȻԾ޷ƷףǾֻֿܣ
ҶȤҲˣֿܣ
һֿܣƷ׳ƷλƷ֮Уڶֿܣγɵƣͼϵ㣡
㣵Ļô죿
ҶԿ϶ԼסǵڶΪƵĹ̵УԼȷԼĵƽȥ
㣵ĻЧˣֻƷʦԳ֣пܽ⿪ƣ֪Ʒס
ҶʼǿֻҼƷʦˡ
ǧ˪̲סҶһ۵˵ɣ֪ҼƷʦһҪ龧ʯҪƷƷʦҪһƷʯҪǼǻֵǮǷƷʯɾǴˮƯˣ
ʯʵ龧ʯ̺Զʤ˽龧ʯϾͷ˽ĻͬҪҲҪԶԶˣͬΪƷ
ƷʯȻǼΪˣǧ˪֮ӣˣҲûжٿ顣
Ҷתת飬ȻʶƷʦƺһ׬ǮְҵǶԼҪʯ˵


1218 һ޶
һٶҪһƷʯʮһƷʯȻ߼ĻǮȻҲߣ⻹ֻǼټϼĻջ񵽵ʯǳɹۡ
ιιʲôأ
ǧ˪̲סֵ˵Ҷ
ҶҲûԼ뷨룬ҪܹΪƷʦͺˡ
ͣ
ǧ˪ЦȰ㻹ǸϽͷɣ֪ҪΪһƷʦжڹĴƷңļ֮ļƷʦʮˣĴڣ߼ļƷʦǾƷ
ô٣⵹ȷǳҶϣžƷʥ֮μ
֮ϵƣԼԿƣһЩ֮Ҳᱣĵ۷ĻƷʦͬʱ֣пܿƣʥͲˣûгֹˡ
˵ǧ˪ϺȻ¶һ˿ʼձϵ׫д鼮
Ҷע⵽ǧ˪ͶкȻһԼλʦ֣ȻΪʦôûпҲһλƷʦأ
ҶװʵҪʦŵĻͺˣʥҲ׼
ǰǧ˪˿ûлҶԼĻŵп˵ͷû뵽Ҳ֪ʦ֣Ϊʦһλ˵ﵽʮƷļƷʦҪţȷû͵ֻϧ
ѿǧ˪ǳ˳ݺĽҲҶһ˿ͶԷΪѵϣ
Ƭ֮ǧ˪عţȥλʦ
û⣬иССҪܲܽǰǼҰݶһ£ҶΪݣֻʱûۼ˼һ档
ǧ˪ԥһµã鶼ǹ±·춼Ҳ򲻿ˡ
ʵǧ˪Ĳ뽫齻ҶҲҶһ뿪Լ˳ȥǵʱԼ鷳Բ٩٩ңͨҶƳҲǧ˪࿴
ķģ
ǧ˪Ǳ뿪ˣҶ˵ϣȫ̯ԼǰȻԼѪҳ֮еѪ֮֮ϣ
䣡
ѪЩ·ȫͬһ㣬ڿпƶ𽥽֯һѪ֮ƹɵͼ
ͼɲǣҶ͵ضվ˫֮ƣĶ⸱ͼ
֮Եķһпʦ֣治ʦȻƳһԳƵǿ˸
ԭǰѪ֮ƽ֯ɵĲֻһͼô򵥣ʵϣ⸱ͼһһѪ֮۶ɵ
ӹŵ񣬲κʥҲʵڵģʵġ
ȻȴӲƳһ޵
ֻѪһţֻжѪ֮Ƶ˲ʩչʹã
ҶסǰѪ֮ƣ֮䣬ЩѪ̱֮һõѪʮ˽ؽ
Ҷٱ䣬Ѫʧһ˳ǹֻ֮ҪҶʲôЩѪ֮̾ͻ״ǧ򻯡
ʦ֣ΪѪһƳһһ޶ҿͽѪɣ
Ҷ£Ѫ֮ƱһѪ⣬Ҷƣڣɼֱ֮һѪ֮ߣֱҶԺȻըȻ֡
һȻҲҶʮָȤγΪƷʦķ
ԭƷʦɣԴڶԸִ֮Ƶĸ򣬱Ͼƺ͵Ҳһ·
ǵֻҪھƳģϣϸĻܹơƣԼ͵γɵʹ֮ƻн㣬ЩӶҵȻ˿УҪ֮ۡ
һ˴ۣ֮²ƻƵƣжϳ͵Ʒס
ҶʱȤҪ˵ڸִ֮ƵĸԼҪȺܶǿϾԼĵƣ˺üֲͬ·ɣڴۣ֮ԼѾۣҲһЩ֮ͨ
֮ܶҶԼпܳΪһƷʦǶļƷʦ
ǧ˪ûлҶʼ̵ķдۣ֮֮ơ
֮ǧ˪ҴҸϻأһסڱչصҶߣλƷʦҪ㡣
ȵȣҶȻе㲻ˬȻҪңˡ
㻹湻ģŶҪƷʦ·˼Ҫ㣬㻹ˣϽߣǻܿ֡
ʲô֣
ĵ


1219 
ĵ
ǻһʮеĻǻרŵռһЩδ͵Ȼۻ
Щ͵д֮۵ļƷʦĻûܹƾʶʶжϳǵĺûֻüͼ
һֶĲ㿴Ҫĵҩһʯ֮ͿԶпܳǾ߾鵤ҲпܳǷ߷ϵսľˡ
Ȼ󲿷˶ʧܣΪȷ˻ٵʯԴĴ̼ˣǾ֮͵ȥĵ
ȻҲҶոƳǱһ޷ͨ͵ΪԪԪ۸Ϊ
ǧ˪ĽܣҶеȻǼƷʦȥֶĵĵطܴ׬׬һѣ
Ҳһ֮۵ļƷʦĿǰûУе͵ͱƵǱƾ۾ǲܿ͸ģҪƷʦԳ·ԣпʲô۵ļƷʦǡ
ŶҵǱʲôƷף𣿡
ǧ˪¶ЦݵˣһƷϵҲûʲôãҾ㱣Űɡ
ȻǱͱǧ˪ռλ˼УҶҲûҪҪĲ϶ṩģҲ˲ټʯܵҪ㲹
ûлرҶһʵ
ǿǿɣ
ʵֹرһƷϵ۵ĻֵٿƷʯǧ˪׬ˣİãȻҲȥۡ
ðɣҾȥλƷʦ鷳·ˣ
ͨǧ˪ദҶʵλ彿ŮĵزٱĶǿ˲֪ٱټԼҲõʦĴУҶҲ˵⡣
ãȻشһ⡣
ʲô⣿
ǰ˵ȱһȱʲô
Ҫ˵֮ǰǧ˪ҶĻʵ֤ҶһڻȻƳһ˵֮ϣȷҪԼǿ
Ҷ΢΢תʵղô˵ֻΪԼȡᣬڱһɶѣ֪ǧ˪ȱʲô
ȱٵǶ⣬Ҫ֪޵޴ڣУģʵǻġ
ҶڳһĪӣſںһͨƪۣǧ˪ü΢ĿתȻ˵Ժˡ
ȱٵĶˣǸϽ߰ɣҪȥˣֿɾͿˡ
ðɣ
ǧ˪Ҷ˵ֵǾ׼Ҷ뿪
ȻȻüͷҶһ˵ļôܹҵ㣬ԭǾеӡǣҰȥˡ
ҶҲǻȻѹԼôıòôмļҵ˶ҵԼԭΪ
ǧ˪üĶһȦɫ񻪣ͬҫҶϣϡ֮䣬Ҷȷоĳϸ΢âۻˡ
ʶ֮ɣʲôʱҲܽʶͻʶںأҶΪĽʶ
ˣٸıòǾ߰ɣ
ǧ˪ֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţҶ˽ȥֱӳһǳصĸǵҶıòҲǧ˪ıòһòͨŮӡ
ȻĻǧ˪ڵԼòߵﶼΪĿĽ㡣
ڻĺܶжרŵĶķĴķֻиУԺлĻҴȥ۽硣
ǧ˪һ·ڸҶš
ҶͷЩķıӦöЩƿصİɣ
ǧ˪ëҶһ۵ÿ¼жķ۹Ҳ⣬ҸԼʦҩʦƳ򵤣һ͵ķ֮У˾
Ҷ΢΢еԾһ򵤶͵ķֱʿĲСˡ
ǾͲһкõģ
Ȼ£ָʲܵ˵Ϊ񣡡
ҶͷȷˣȻзգǶĲֶԶׯңȽջǿԽܵġ
ѵûЩķԿ𣿡
Уǧ˪üĿתй⻪ʦǰ˵ڳΪƷʦ֮ǰѾΪ˸ķеĽͣжķӭ
ʦƷʦ
һֳƺţ󣬵ھ֮ʢܼ
ҶĳȣԼһܷʦھأ


1220 ²˵
ʵҶ֪Ȼʦ֣ͬΪҪƷ죬ͼƷȴþڵĸְֺޣ޵ҪɱҲҪ
˫ֿ׼ֵǵ͵ܹĲƸ޷ġ
ֹܹλʮƷļƷʦ
ڣֻǰһˣ죬Ҳֹɡ
Ŷ˵λƷʦ쵽ʲô˺ɣ
ǣ˿һҪ̫ߣ˾λƷʦֵֵó֡
λƷʦƷ
ƷʦƷ׾ǸķĵȼжϣƷƷʦܹƷеµĵѾǺˡ
ƷʦĵλҩʦʦҪߵĶ࣬ϾƳߵҪжƷס
֮УȻ󲿷ֶ˾磬ȴԶԶҪ࣬ƷѾܿɹˣһλƷƷʦĵλȷǺܸˡ
ǧ˪ΪʲôܹʶλƷʦҶҲ֪ԭΪ¥֮ŮȻĳЩ˱õĹϵ
˵䣬Ѿ˳ڵһҶķһׯ԰ſﲻĶķȻ֮ࡣ
ҶǶڶĵʢһ˿ᣬϾֻһСǣͺ͵Ҷݷ¡
С֮оҶķǶڶͶĵ顣
Ҷķı˭
أ
Ҷһתļҵİɣ
ļҵģ
Ҷвһһ̼Լǲǧ˪ĵļѰԼȻǧ˪ȴԼܵļҿĶķ
ǧ˪ȻҶ룬ݸһЦˣһָָأôܽ㽻ļˡ
˵֮ǧ˪ҶߣȻǧ˪ѾıòţȴȻ޹ǣഥҶ΢΢һɫĽֳ˳
ʱſͻȻˣֵס˶˵Ǹʲôģ
ǧ˪üͷһ壬ܿ¶ЦݵﵱȻǶĵˡ
˶һһЦĵɲһܹĵġ
ΪҶǧ˪˿̶ͨ˵òʹţڶ˶оҲͣôҲݵˣķֵطǿ²˵ǹѡ
ֹۿ˵͵̬ȣҶϰˣǧ˪ɲͬΪ¥֮ŮӸ߸ϣִܵǰ˲ļҵŵӣʱһ壬Ҫ
Ҷһͳ龧ʯ˻˻ε˰ɣ
ͣͬʱЦ˽龧ʯǴðϽؼֵȥɣʲôʱʯɣ
龧ʯʯɲһΣ൱һǽһͭЩȻὫ俴
ҶҲһ㶣ԼϵȷûʯеֻǴ龧ʯ
ʱȻһһԴˣǽȥʶʶ۽ɣ
ֻһòĹֵˣһȺ˵Ĵӵ֮˵˹˵
ãµõܣĶӣ
ǧ˪ΪҶܶԷϳ˲м֮ɫΪú±ϵµĲ࣬Ҹǣûڶ׷֮һ
Ķӣ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цԩ·խӣû׼ԼλٵҪһүүǷԼϢˡ
үôпˡ̵ͷ֮ɫӭȥ
ưĵ첻˵мƷʦҹ
ŶүʱϾҪʼˣ
õ˵ͷָָҶǧ˪˾ǽȥ۽ɣļҿõ壬Ҫñ˵ˣĿˡ
ǣ˵ĵ
ôҡڵ˽ȥǧ˪һ޵öҪҧˣ⻹Ŀˣ
ιûллүϽȥɣ
ǾӸ£ʩһǧ˪ĶҪˣҶæĳһӲǽ˶ķ
˺£ҶĶˣͲϣǧ˪Ͳסһ嶯Ļỵ˴¡
ǧ˪ǷŭԾɲϵҶԺ𣺡ãҼסˣ´αҿ㣡


1221 
ҶҲȥȰοǧ˪ڱ˴ӵ֮е֮ŮʱҲӦûݼʶһ̬
ţ߹һγȣǰţһдһдŵҶȻ֮С
֮һķ䣬űİ˸ָҲкܶȺľۼһ𣬶Ÿͷ㡣
ҶȻҲʦҲμӹᣬĳ滹ǵһμ̾ȤҪͣһȻǧ˪ȴһųɾŶǳûʲôģߣȥ档
Ȼķ֮еķнģ⵽ڷŵҲͬԽ۸ԽȻֺõĸҲԽߡ
ȥλƷʦʲôʱʼתһת档
Ҷǧ˪һЦȺ֮С
ʵڷŵȫҶҲ̫ȤֻʱоĳΪƷʦķȻһͣΪƷʦҲȷʵջЩ֤һԼ
ǶԵģΪƷʦҪӵʵ֮⣬ҲǱزٵģ˵ʦĳƺŲǰ׽еģһ֮֮ԶԶĿճΪʦͼƷʦ
ҶѾȺ֮Уǧ˪ȻеȴҲûԹԵȥ˴ȥˡ
ҶվһԱߣһ˶ûУΪǴ¾ǶȥҲûܹۣʵǲ˼£Ȼ벻Щǵķˡ
ҶĿıͲǶνĺûֻҪ۲һơ
ķ֮ڵÿһиµķӡ޷ֻʶʶȥ۲죬ȻΪ˷Ʒʦˡ
Ҷ˫ͫʿʼ仯һǰ£һ̫ͬʱ򿪣һѪһӿ֣סۣ˿۾Ǻһ
֮ϵĸ˳֮⣬ܿоȻҲ·͵·
Щ·ǷֱڣҶȴķ֣ʵϵһģһ
·ֻҪ˶ܸоǵ·˵оˣ֪˶̫࣬ȻƣȴǺ·н㣬ѵ˵ƵĹؼڴ
ҶһԤеԼȻûۣ֮ƾеۺԼڸִ·⣬ԼпϼƷʦĵ·
һҶüѿʶ۳һ䵽˱֮ϡ
ΪȻ˶֪ƾʶʶǲܿƣ˲ģڲ£ַʽҪһ¡
֮Уܿҫ˸
Ҷվһʽƽ֮ǰûʶΪȴһĳЦ
ðģôȻڿƽ
ǰһô棬òΪƽʵɣ
ߣȥҲû¡
Ǻܿ죬Ҷ߾ΧһȺˣ޼ɵĶҶָָ㣬Ȼ󲿷ֶǳŪЦ֮
Щ˺˵ĻҶȫ޶ãԼ統У˻ʶԶԱϵĸӵԼѾץһ˿ؼγɵ֮䣬Ӧĳϵ
ƾһҶҲۣߵһǰĿ
ʱǧ˪ҲѾˣص̿Ҷ˰ΧΪʲô£æ˹ȥ˵׹
ȴǺ˱һ뷨ΪܾҶϲкܶܡ
òᣬпܳΪƷʦɣ
ˣҶϵһһǰפۿ֪䶼ѾʮڣЩֵҲʧȥģ˿ʼ޹˼ɵĽµι˵Сӣ㿴ô򰡣Ƕأ
ǰ㲻ΪԼǼƷʦɣ
ǧ˪ҲеżˣʶҶιҶ㵽ڿʲô
Ҷ΢΢һЦתǧ˪ô
Ҫǧ˪Ȼɴ۾ɶǷԲܳģٿٰ
Χ˶ʱ԰Ͻ򰡣ǿ۽磬ôˣܲܰ׸ɣ
ǧ˪ûĵһȦˣ˵˭Ǹˡ
ȻҶȴЦеĵȻǶģȻӮһӮأ


1222 ˰ܼ
ҶЦݣǧ˪ﲻ΢΢һܱˣһļ۸һһƷʯ
ʯƷױҲʮһȻһƷ󣬵һԿ϶ķʵʼ˷ѡ
ҶЦеĵʮ飡
ǧ˪ʱԲͣҪʮ

˼ڿӵĿҶһͿˣȻҶȻҪһԵʮ
ʮļ۸񣬾͵һƷʯˣջ۸񼸺൱һλͨһµ룬ҲһʲСĲƸˡ
ǧ˪ԥƬ̺󣬻еʹͳһƷʯ˹ȥŵ㵽ûаհ
ҶӹʯһЦûУ
㡭
ǧ˪Ҫˣûаʮʲô浱Լԩͷ
ǧ˪ʹֵ˷²ΪͣȻϣԽԽãͲҶɴһԵĽǲŹ񫡣
Ϊ˵ȻļˣȻƷʯ˵ʲôСҲⰡܺùûǿ
ʵҶˣûУ˶ײ˵̬һѱ˿ϵϣܼһ
ЩǸӵܣʯǮˣһǧ𣬴֣Ҷǧ˪ͨˣһһͺܼӺͨˣҶȻ˾ò
˹һԷޣò״˵ʯ뵽û뵽еôִţ㿴ղŮʯĶ۵Ҫ
޼漦޹湷̯ô๫ֻܹù
˵ǧ˪Ķ䣬ʱ࣬ԼôҶ˷ޣ
Ҷȴȫᣬļҵ˹ǰʮȻҲǱƽ
СӣҪܹһɾͷˡ
ǣҪʮȫһҹڳˡ
壬Ȼ˵ҲȫǷ°ǧ˪ڣҲʮ֡
ʯ㣬ûǮͬļ۸һһȥƷʯô˳ȥ
ҶͿʼˣʮȫϣĽȫǷ㲻ϵķ
£ֵȻӿʼˣһΪСеúأû뵽ôùƷʯôˮƯˣ
㿴ϱɫƷζҪըˡ
ǧ˪ȷΪҶ˵ûڿЦģû뵽ȻһնûС
˼ҪָųЦҶȴû˿ľɥ֮⣬˫֮зо˸ǧ˪ߣȥķ俴
òǻҪɣ
ҶЦЩֵû뵽ԡޡȻ֣Ȥһѷĸ˵
ڶ䷿ԱһҪõ㣬Ȼ۸ҲʮÿһһƷʯ
ɺ͸ղһҶĬĿʼ۲죬ٴſǧ˪Ʒʯ
㻹򣿡ǧ˪ߣҿӣֱľͽԼҶӣɷ˰ܼң޷ˡ
ҶģҲ׽裬龧ʯͷҸطһʯʮ㣬ҪŵĻھ͸һ㡣
Ҷʮָɴ࣬һݸǧ˪龧ʯ൱һƷʯ
ǧ˪ɫǻԾɴŵ㲻ԸҶƷʯ
ٴʮͼ˵棬ҶμϣͬϣȻʮ
ûԷ޻ͦǮСӵʲôòĸɵү͵Ǯ˰ɣ
ɵ˻ЩҿǾ仰Էģֻʵ̫˵㡣
ǲ᲻ˣ
Ҳ»ᣡ
Ҷվԭأŵϵʮ֮ǧ˪һ䡣
еһֵһƷʯ˶ΪҶҪʮʱҶȴתһȦ֮ǧ˪һ䡣
䣬ҶֻǿȴûٳȻЩֵʧȥȤ𽥿ʼ뿪Ȼһָ󣬷Ҳţò׳ָô˼ˣҲ޷
ڣҶǧ˪Ҷķһ䣬ſվһװˣֵס˵ڲ׼
Ҷϳ˾ǸղŸߵģ΢΢һΪʲô
ʦһҪˣ
ʦǼҶƳǱļƷʦڷ֮бĿվһȺ̬ˣҲλãȻ˾ġ
ҶһЦҶҵΪʲôҽ


1223 
Ҷ仰˵ȻھǺͼƷʦԼõ˶ˣʱЩֵ˲١
ȻֺÿСҪǼƷʦļңɶܹǵģǣպȻ޾鷳
˵ɫʱһ䣬뷢õѾһ˳ǲ֪ĶղǽķѾǶǹˣھȻǣûƷʯ͸Ͻ
Ʒʯǿһʾ޴ĲƸˣ˵ͨˣǧ˪ĵˣһС
õⷬǳ׵Ľǧ˪ŭˣüĵ浱ûķûĹأ۹ĶķҲ⣬ôļҵĶķͺͱ˲һ𣿻˵ΪļҵĶķ۹ĶķҪ߼أ
ǧ˪ĻһЩ˵ĸȷķȻ⣬Ǿǿӭܾͣǧ֮⡣
ǧ˪ļҶķ۵ñӿɾʹˣȻ岻ηۣҲûĸĸĿŵѹһͷ
õɫʱһ䣬һɱʱλʦڿˣСɲô˵ģļҶķүҲˣҪƶصȨûУе˵ȥˣ
ʦ
ǧ˪ѿںʦҪ֪Ǹ¥ϵȻû뵽ھȻļҡ
ˣҶæˣڿɲǧ˪
ǧ˪ʢŭ֮¶ԼѾҶıò޺޵ĵҶһۣ㣬û¸Ҹıòʲôô
ܵкôģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻﲻýǾ߰ɣȥղǸ䣬һһ
㻹Ҫ
ģһúõĳ
Ҷգգ۾תߣһ߻һߴˣļҶķ¹أûƷʯͲýһǸϽɢ˰ɣ
ҶȻȴķÿ˵Ķ䣬ʱ˵ۡ
ʲôɣļʲôʱأⲻǹۿ˵𣡡
УҪԺ˾ǣڱĲ࣬ķ𣿡
ǣ¸ƨҶҿļҶķܿã
ԽԽȻļҵ¹أĽЩǰĵĿǸŭˣңѾ˿ʼͷߡ
õɫ࣬ҶıӰɱӿ֣ȥǣһ
һòõ߳˴ſڣЦݣס׼뿪Щ˵ұᣬļҶķֹأһЦ֮ԶѣλҪϡ
ķĸˣ˿̳ȻǴԲһЦŰˣһ߲ߣܿҶ
Ҷǧ˪Ŀ֪˶ԷݣʵûƷʯǲҲܽǸ䣿
ȻԣЦŵͷ
ߣ
ҶҲǺᳶ˳ǧ˪䣬ԼͷǸȥŪǧ˪һͷˮղŲ˵Ҫȥǰһڻȥʲô

ǧ˪΢΢һҶıӰ¶һ˿ֵɫ
Ȼû˸ҶҶҡڵ˽ȥ
ϡ٣ֻжʮÿǱǶһˮȻΪ
ҶȥһЦСӣûȤҶĶİ
ʲô
ȻǶˡ
ôģ
ﹲжʮǸѡȻʦæ˭Ʒ׸ߣߵľӮ͵ľ䣬һҪԷһƷʯҶǼƷʦĶĿ˴˵Σ
ʱ򣬸ҶһֿʼˣģģӮ
ǣСֵܣղŶôˣԤУҪʱתˣ϶Ʒײͣ
ǧ˪̲סݺݵĵһۣһеôǲʯ͵Ŀֲ´
壬ɲͬ⣬ҶǧӦһĻڰָǺҪǶģɣ
ҶȻҡҡͷļԼĶķûǮУⲻƽ
˭˵ûǮǼȻκڶķҪǮ
Ҷǧ˪ǵͷʾ˵ʵķΪ׬ǮĵطҪǵѣǿˡ
΢һ֮ҶڵͷȻҾ͸ģ


1224 
ҶĴ𸴶ʱǧ˪ɫ䣬û뵽ҶҶģȻΧȻǴкãΪҶźò˵ղõǷҲǵǡ
ҶӮҲǰǳ˿ڶˣҲҶʯһëǮϵûС
õ¶һıóѵЦݣ˵ͷǿԣҵϵʯ
ǧ˪һסҶĸ첲˫۵ɵԲĿʶȻԺǲǷˣҪ䣬ΪʲôҪģ
ҶЦЦİɣзִ磬ȽҼƷʯ
ûУǧ˪ĹĵĵʵڲҶģðʦ˭ĶӮ
Ҫǲ裬ֻ龧ʯȥˡ
ڣ龧ʯһʯκһУκһ̣ķԶһﻻĻȻᱻѹúܵ͡
Ҷ龧ʯ٣ԼĹƣ㱻ѹͣϼƷʯûġ
ǧ˪ĲϽ裬ֻж龧ʯˣͿɡ
㻹ǲƴְ㲻֪һѪ޹𣿡ǧ˪ֱǺɸֵѵҶ
ͽҵ㣬Ժ㣡
ʵҶƵǱóȥϰٿƷʯǧ˪輸飬Ĳࡣ
ǧ˪ǴӦҶʮƷʯϾ֮⣬ҪȻҪ׼ġ
ҶǷˣǧ˪ԸԣʯҲ൱ִţóһǸʹࡣ
ž
ҶʮƷʯõǰҵóˣأ
òмЦЦһ֣ǰͳһƷʯ
õ԰ڣҶֻǵһЦˣ
öΧֵ˵Ǿ鷳Ҹ֤Ըķ䣬ʱˡ
Ȼ˸֮ͣĶʽʼ
ʱʦ˾仰ǻһһİɣǵȴʱҲ̵ܶ㡣
ҶһЦԣ
˲֪ʦ˼ҶܲףȻʦǵҶʲộҪһһģУԶ۲һ£һʲôԣҲüʱֹ
ҶøߵߣĿʼѡԼõٶȺܿ죬յʱѡһ
̵Уǧ˪۾εĶסʦͣͬʱʶҲĵɢ˳ȥϣܹ׽ʦõ֤ݡ
ֻǺܿϧʦǼƷʦľҲǧ˪ҪߣΪƷʦʶȻҪǿˣʶҲǧ˪ֵġ
ҶϸĿǰÿһĺԥ˰죬ѡһʽӵذס
ùʵѡˣ
ɣ
ãΪķڷҾ
żѡŰƴСľ֮ϡ
ʵ͵УԶӣӡᦣЩ࣬׳Ϊ󲿷˶ѡЩ񽣣ǹذЩ࣬ĸ͡
ýھ֮ϣոϾȼڻ֮ȴǳ֡Ʒ
ľǣ澵ǾƷ
Χ˶ʱһ֮ȻǾƷҲǲˣֵƷʯ
Ҳ˵֮УҪĵһǸʼ͵顣
ҶȻҲżԼѡǱذ֮ϣȼֳ֮֡
⾹ȻǼ
Ȼһпû뵽ҶĲһĲղǰķ֮Ѿ˶ʮǷ
ҲǺ飬˵һƷʯˣʮ飬ٿ飬ǧƷʯһֹ
֣ǧ˪һ鶯ζҶˣֱ˷Ʒʯ
òĴЦ˼һӮˡ
ԿԿҶüͷ壬ҶͷѾð˼˿飬˵ǼΪһ˵Ҷڵľǲ˼㡣
ҶʲôҲû˵ֱӵݹȥһƷʯ˼ѡ
ڶΣҶѵʱ˰ʱûվҪѡļˣĵȴţʱʱĻ˵ϼŪҶ
ιǲǲұˣұȵĻͿ䣬˷Ǵҵʱ䣬ģҲһʶġ
õĳЦУҶһҧһƴСķӡ


1225 öĹ
ʱ˿̣ҶɫѾͬһŰֽһûɫͷ֮Ҳ亹죬ڵòȥǳĿڲΧ۵˶̲ס̾Ϣ
ʵȫڶΪһ¿ҵˣǲֵ
ǰ˵СӣⳡӮˣϽ뿪ԺҲٶĵˣǮ˵⣬ܹμӵġ
ǧ˪Ҳ˵ˣȻǺɸ֣ǿҶҲе㲻ܣ̲סʶҶ㣬˾ˣǼʯһûʲô˵ġ
ǧ˪ĺģҶǴϼ˸ЦΪӦƺŵѾ˵ˡ
ʹҡҡͷⶫʵ˵Ҳйϵ㣬ǿôȻҲã෴ԽţԽûԽҵ겻֪жˣͬӣûһ³ɱġ
˵ۣϵЦԽԽãιôˣǲǲղ㲻ǺôˣɣҲΪ㣬ҪҵǾͲñˣҿͷ¾
Ҷҡҡͷˣɣ
ߣЦһĵ֪ȻˣҾж١
ĽˣѡȻǾƷҶѡģҲȻǷ
ڶĶҶٴܡ
ƷʯһûͰװ˷ˣ
ҲҶˣʤߵ̬߰ԴźѾҪѵҶ
ˣˣ
ǰ̫ܶĶٴ㶼϶䡣
кѾʼȰҶٶȥˡ
Ҷ˿ֿ˿ʼ۾ͬ˯һʦԥ˰βһҧͷһĿʯܶġ
ĻһڣΧ˵һȻ
ҿûˣĶĹˣȻġ
Ͻϱ뿪ɣСĵʱϱˡ
ģү¸ȫ˴ͷ
˷ǧ˪ҶĿⶼѾñʶԼǴҶԸ֮ǰһжװġ
˵ȻҪˣЦ˵ģе㵨ӣǼ
ΣҶٶȻǼԥ˺ܳʱ֮˾
εĽܿˣҶһεѡһˡ
ҶǲԼ۾һȥĻζѡһƣĵ԰ôǷⲻܣܰ
ʱȻҶ鼫ΪȴûȥͬˣϾղпԳĻᣬȴϷִҪġ
ЦŲι㻹벻İ
ģ
ϵǣҶȻ͵̧ͷ˻Ӧһ˫۾ѪɫݽҧӣֱһʮöĹ
ûˣ
󲿷˶̲סҡͷǧ˪ͬһİһٴһ˿¶ȡ
ʲôҶģֻһƷʯ˰ɣöû˿ͬ飬ƣͲ潫ܽͷ֮ޡ
Ҷ󿴿ҿĿͣǧ˪ϣֱӽͷת˹ȥӡ
Ȼû˻
ҶĺôȻתͷõһж㲻ҸҶġ
ЦҲҸģʲôòмĵ
һҶȡ˻ԪˮƤսģõǰ˫ľѪĶֻҪҲóǵȼ۵ʯҾͺġӮˣͶģ
һֹ̣Ҷ˵ĺ
ǧ˪֮⣬˭Ҳû뵽Ҷ۵СϾȻ
ȻֻεģǱϾҲķΪһˣڳû˲ĵģʦ΢΢۾ɨһ
ˣ
ǧ˪̲סָҶıӵ
ҶȻתͷݺݵĵǺ޲óһٹң
㣡
ǧ˪Ȼɫ嶼΢΢ҶȴתĿ⣬¶õĵģҲҶģҶĵĻ̿ʼҶĵĻҲΪ㣡
ȻƷµȣǼһҲֵһƷʯֵˡ
ʱȴתʦʦ۾ûпһ
˲Ϣ֮ȴ̵ͷãҸģղҵģһٶʮƷʯԵˣи


1226 ȱ
Ҷһ˵ԸԼģѪ˫֮жʱ붼̵ͷֻҪľУʲôҶӦ
һһѡѡѡ
˶еȻΪζȻͬʱѡģʵ϶ѡã˵ûбҪ
Ҷ۾ɨһԾɱĿʦֿ˿Χˣԥκͷãѡ
Ȼд˷Ӧһ½г
֪ˣʦһֱڰаãָ˵Ʒ׽ϸߵڵӦһƷߵģʦѾˣ±СӸߣѡֻҪõģôСٺãҲǱˡ
ԭҲ̫˰ɣϼƷʦ۸ˡ
ƷʦôСӣѵøʲôôɣ
ƷʦȻλȻļҿǵ壬λ֮ӵĳ֣Ȼ˭ļҸùϵˡ
꣬˵ˣְɣСıļڣ
ȺȴԽԽ˼е֮Уķ֪ںļҵ˶ҶעȻһᣬһ̫ĳ˵Ѿһ䶯ˣ
ҶӦԼ֮òû̼ȥѡ˼Ĺ۲ǰһյߵϵǰһָҾѡ
ļ˹ӡյƽõС
յƣûһԵʦ˵϶һ˿ظı顣
˵յƱȻ֮Ʒߵģд˵֣ѾӮˡ
ڣ˵ĿⶼҶϣȻ֪䶨ˣҲ뿴һΣѡһʲô
ҶͬûżȥѡǶеϵƿһЦǲҲѡյƣܿϧõˣˣȥѡɣҶȲȡˣ
ȷѡ𣿡
ϻȻѡˣԸķ䣬㲻˰ɣòͷĴߴٵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦģһٶʮƷʯôܻ᲻Ҫ
ʱ˺Ȼ֣ո˫۳Ѫҧгݣɫɷףͷð亹ҶͻȻǻ˸һ
Ȼ˫Ѫ죬ɫѾָͷϵ亹Ҳʧһգ˿ֵЦݣ͸¶һǿţվǸһֿĸо
˵вԼͬһͷСӵı仯ôô죿ѵ˵ղб飬̬װĲɣ
ǧ˪ĶҶǺҶӴʱˣڵҶͬһָоҶ
ҶŵЦݣʱҲеˣԼ侹ȻϵĸоϾһٶʮƷʯ¶˵ҲһʲƵĲƸ
üæתͷʦƬ֮Ż»ָ򶨣һжҲȻ֤ʦȷڱָ㣬Ȼղָ˿Ŷ衣
ҶõоٶһЦָһѡǼ
˼æ˳ָȥһ֮£ű㱬һôЦ
ҶѡǼȻ˸ںڹӣһͲǷƷϧǣ֮϶һѺۡ
ǲ˶֪ƳѺۣϾǷƷˣΪǲȱȫģο϶УԭȵƷҲ϶Ƿˡ
ļ֮ԽԶ׼ųɾǷӰڷҪΪӵǻһλʦӶʾ𾴡
֪䣬ҲӣǸû˸ǶģļҲΪ⣬Ȼû뵽ҶȻѡ
һΪע£ѡ
к̲סѵһɣСӣȻǴʦƷ϶Ƿ
ǣӼ˵ˣǳ漣ˡ
ȻҶȴĵҾѡ
ҡͷҶöĹȰļһûκεġ
ڿʦһ֮ϵЦʢĻһͶҪϲ£ˣСӣе㵨ǣȻˣǾͿʼɣ
ҶԼϵһƷʯƽĵţһĴ㣬֪Ҳң
Ŷ㻹ʲô²ʵ˵㻹ʲôĵģ


1227 Ӵע
ҶָŵյƵע֮мѡӮˣҪһٶʮƷʯңһյơ
ⷬ˵꣬ȫȻѵõû˷κΪ˶ãҶǲǷˣ
ü˭֪϶ǱɣȻڷҪӴעѲɻ͵ôã
ҲסˣίʵûϵҶӴעعأң׼ӵע˼㵹ʯңҲҪġ
ȻӣҶǧ˪鷳ƵǱһá
ǧ˪ǿһעҶҪܾǲ֪ΪʲôҶ˫Ѫ۾ע֮£ȴ޷ܾ
ͬʱҶҲңҼȻ˵ΪôҪ˵
ʹ֮£ǧ˪ȻȡҶƳǱݵС
лл
Ҷգգ۾΢΢һЦתߵõǰ𽣵ƷϵŵĻ˼һ¡
ʱǧ˪γѣ˫ĿԲסԼ͵ңҶʲôôͰѽأˣҪѪ޿ˣ
ҶţٸƳһʮȻⱲ㶼뿪ˣ
ǧ˪ʢŭ֮£֪Լⷬʵ˲ᡣ
ûעǧ˪ȫҶеǱʵϺɫ

еˣܿĳ
ʦʼձŵ۾ֱֱĶǱ֮ϣȻֿǧ˪ǵļԵĳ鶯¡
ȻϳˣԼģô˲˵Ȼǧ˪ˣ
ڵʦһҪײǽĳ嶯
ãǧ˪ƺ˵ûʲôʧʵϣɾʹˡ
òļһ۵ĺ˶ѣүүĶǶˣʲôλ
Ȼǧ˪˭¥֮ŮпܳΪδŮۣ
һԱ֮£ȻһĿȻʦĳӶˣ֪۵Ůǧ˪øĺôҲܴӦ
ºˣԼǳ׵¥ͽļһһĺˡ
ÿʦȻѯʦûĵ˵ͷ
ãǾôˣƺҶڣæ
ǿʼɣȻȣ
ȣ
ҶãѾȫ˽ɫҶ鵭ȴһöĹһࡣ
ļ˵ݹһƷڶķ֮УһƷƷļгۣһ㶼ǶӦȥļǮۡ
ýӹԥԼѡϵ֮ϡ
ৣ
ȼ˵ע֮£͹Գĸ֣Ʒϵȣ
ȺʱȻϵƾȻһƷϵȵҶеǱ¡
ҶҪӮĻеٴﵽƷµȵƷף⼸ǲܵ顣
һƵԾɱƷףҲԴﲻƷƷס
Ʒڸ֮Ҳϡȱ֮һֻһݵ˲ܳС
ԭҶһ˿ϣˣڿյƵƷ֮Ҳˡ
ǧ˪˫֮жҪˣǱԼûȵƷϵȱۿžҪˡ
ֹǱǸˮǸսģȫҪˡ
Ҷɱǧģˣ
ǧ˪Ҷǿҵ䣬ȻҶȴڣյƵƷ֮󻹵˵ͷ
õĳ׷ĴЦȷʵҪõ㣬ڸˣȰҪ׼벻ȥɱ
ҶͻȻʦʦܷ鷳һ֣
ʦƣҶ󲻽΢΢һ̧ͷһ˿ɻҪҳ֣
Ҷͷӣ¾ǾƷֻλƷʦܼƷףȻֻ鷳ˡ
ʲô
ҶĻһʯٴصÿ˵ļ䣬ȻǶ֪ȷּ޷ҲҪ֪֮ͨжϳһܷͨ
ȻҶ̬ǼΪ࣬ڿЦӡ
Щ˵ͻȻһͷòСӣҲһλز¶ļƷʦɣ


1228 ˱
²ҶǼƷʦûиݣƾͨܲӲǼܹᶨģ͸оֻмƷʦӵС
ûȥ⣬ǼеܹӵʲôƷס
ֻǣʦ᲻֣˵Ҳ˸ʺţɵӶܿʦվǱߵģѵְҶ
֪ǧ˪ʵݣʦ϶ҶҪģڣ۾Ҷǧ˪ƶƬ֮ȴǳϵվãҾΪѣΪ
ʦĻһ˶°ͣԾĪˣҶǧ˪
ǧ˪ȻҲףʦ֪Լʵݣֲϣܹ޸¥֮Ĺϵ
лˣ
ҶҲֱӽУͬʱѪɫ֮£ͫٴλۣĿתĶ
ķ˰֮Уÿҳ
ʦ˫סӣ֮һν⣬â裬·ţҲӷɵУ·֯һ

ʦһ𣬵⻪ӿ·ƣһ㣬ɢǿҵĹâɫͬϼѤöʣۼ
ֻҶܹϵѾԼ·ȫݻ١
䣡
ͻȻһǿʦдӲ˫֣ȻɿӾȻԶɵ˿Уųһε״
⣬ڴʱı˷򣬷׷ӣܿ카ճһΣʱһɲֵ֪ӿ˳
֮£ֱ֣󣬾Ȼ˵ǰʧˡ
⣬ô£ôʧˣ
ǰѵˣ
ʦɫҰףſеӣǣʥķƷû뵽û뵽ȻƳˣҾȻûпȻûпôһƷеȵѺۣǺȻһİ
ʥӿԶг󣬸ܴﵽңΪӱҲܹУ˷ʤ޴Ӳ鿴
ȻֻǷƷѾӵֻǸǵҪС˲٣ˣƷҲǸߴƷеȣǿĺö
ʦĻ˵ӶҪɳˣÿ˶Լ۾˿㲻ϵӣȻƷеȵһһɹʥƷ
ʥΪϡ٣۶һܹӵһԾʦĹʥ״͹ܣƳƷ
ڿʱʱ֣ǳһ㣬ޱȣһ̣ǾȫʧҶץС
λѡϵƷϵȣѡӾʦԼƷеȣԣζʤҲһĿȻˣ
ҶĻˣЩΪ֮Ȼ
СӹȻʱתȻĵһƷеȵ
Ⱳӣ±ҲóκζˣȥĻҲֵƷʯ
ǰõģֱˣ
Ȼ˶е㼤Īǧ˪ˣѾһſŵСǣ˳עҶ
һ̣׹ˣҶǰһУԼһɤӶװģΪľһεĶҪѪ޿
ã˼һٶʮƷʯŶˣյƣҾͲ˰
Ҷ֮Դһ˿ıóѵζһ㶼ȽһٶʮƷʯУȻȴýյϵ͸Լ
ʱãȫѾɵˣ벻ͨղԼѾռƣҪҶ£ôͻȻˣĻ˵ĳס
һٶʮƷʯһƷϵ
ۣ̲סһѪ
֣Ըķ䣬㲻ڻ˰ɣ
ҶϳõЦݣá
Ȼˣǵô˵棬Ҳˣֱֻ۲ĽյƵݸҶ
ˬˣл˴ˣϻûʯˣеĻǻԽŶģˮתû׼һܷˡ
Ҷǵ͵ĵ˱˻ԣ
ҧſ֨죬ɱݺݵĵҶһۺһԲת뿪ˡ
ıӰҶ﷢һЦ֪ԷȻôưոݣ϶ȴԼ
ʱʦͻȻߵҶǰҶʩһǰմ


1229 Ʋ
üƷʦȻҶ˿ǫѷֻСˡһƺʲô
⣬λӦǼƷʦɣ
пܰȻôƶһӮأ
֮ǰ϶һֱװ䣬Ϊúÿһá
һǾòܣǼƷʦĻѵʦƷ׻ҪߣҪ֪ʦƷƷʦ
ôܣʦʼڰָãûôң˵λǰƷ׿϶ʦߣҪȻʦҲ˹ˡ
֮УǶҶĳƺҲıˣǡСӡˣϾǵУҶǼƷʦĿԷǳ
ٿҶʦѯʣֻЦҡҡͷҲʲôķˣҲʲôɴҵĵӣֻһͨ˶ѣˣʦղŶлҼ飬Ǹĳ͡
ҶȻڷ̸ղʦ˵Ϊķˣƶص˵
ʦжһƷʯһǳɫҶȴתߵǧ˪ǰϵƻǼΪǰ˻Ρ
Ҷͺ۾ѾɵԲǧ˪Цеʵڳû
ǧ˪Уڳ֮⣬ѾҲɲκεĶˣҪܶңҾͳˣǳˡ
ãǾͶ㣡
ҶûκεԥͽһԵĶǧ˪С
Ȼ˵УҶٶ̫ˣϾΪҶǧ˪СޣǶǧ˪Լ˵ȴǼֱţ¾Ȼֺ£
Ҷϸ˵Ѷ㲻ϣǵˣȻ˾ȻΪԼͽ͸Լ
ңǧ˪εסȴȻҪҲһɣƳԼţĸҾУ
˵⣬ģ
ǧ˪ʵ̫ˣ˵ûоͷԣһ仰ȴǽһ
ǱƷϵȵȻҶԼƳģ˵ǼƷʦʦ
ҶʱһԴߣλǧ˪ǼһУԼѾעĿˣãȻԼһ£Բٴȥˡ
ûˣ߰ɣ
ҶҲ˲ʲôŮܲˣֱǧ˪ߣҪٲߣ¾߲ˡ
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ǣĹأԸķ䣬ķȻΪ˾ͲÿߣֻĿҶǧ˪뿪
ıӰʦͻȻĵʦǼƷʦģԹֻҪǰѣѲɣСӣʲôϵ
ļλķĸʦĻȴҡҡͷʵǲܣѾˣҪк˻ߵӵĻӦóˣȵڲ
˱ʦ˵ʵļôһ˵Ҳеʱųһе飬ͬˡ
ҿСðˣղϱ˵û׼ƳƷλʦĺˣ쵽ΪջƵıġ
ԶԶԣ˵ͺеˣ
ҶѾ˵ˣһ·֮ϼקĽǧ˪Ӷķд˳Ҳû뿪Сǣ˼¥
˵׻˵Ʋ¶ףˣȥ֮еʱ俴Ҳһʱ̰ɣ
ǧ˪ʼԵıȥĿҶʵܲˡ
ңϲ𣡡
֪ϲѵͲ±˵ϣѾСˣ㿴·˶ڿǣдӶķиģˣλùҲڳأ
Ҷ֮ûдǧ˪뿪ΪвڰиԼˡ
Ʋġ
ֵһЩ˳ˣοԼǧ˪һͨ˵Ĵò
ãǧ˪˹һֽȫսԼڣɫɨһܣһЦҵҪЩ˸ǧ˪ĶãߣģңҲȥģ
¥֮Ůݿɲ˵˵ѵģССͣʵټеںǧ˪Ĳ˸⡣
ˣǧ˪ȻҶĶǲǸø˵ʵˣڶķ֮Уһϵ飬ô£㵽ǲǼƷʦ


1230 С
ǧ˪⣬ҶЦ
ʵڶķеһϵΪǰĶʮڻ۾飬ĥųΪƷʦĹؼ
ΪƷʦմɺӵеĴ֮⣬ʵǰڣҲͨƣƼĹϵһЩԤУϾκһ·Ƕһ޶ģƣ¯ʱ򣬽ϵʱĻȸغɴֳһַӡ·ϢϢصġ
ҶȱġˡȴҪ֪һֵ·ģƾȻƺ͵ƶ㣬ٽӵеԼԵƾʶʶͻƵĸǣӶжϳƷס
ҶҲǵһνӴļķԲܺܿ϶ʮ⵱ѧѣ˽⵽Ƶкͽ㷽ʽ
ȻˣҲڼϵҪ߹ʦϾ˼ǽ˵꣬ǸոһżʵϣԶԶ硣
뿪ķ֮˸Ĳ²ҶȻλƳʦĺˣйĸϣȴǡᵽʥۼʥϸʥԣԼη졢ܴﵽƷ׵ȵ⡣
ϸĽܣҶʵĲϣԼƳķƷˣӵʱ򣬶ʱͿжϵĳӾ
ҸҪǣ֮⣬Ҳûܹ֣
ΨһҶĵľʦΪʦڵļƷʦҶŻ֣Ϊ̽
ʼûѡӣҶͿԿ϶ʦλƷʦҲˡ
ȥ֮⣬ҶҲע⵽յϵƣƾӵļԼûдɵۣȻײɹͻƣӦϵҲһ
һҵҶʱ˵Ҿϸ۲죬Ȼ޷ͻƣȴƺ·㣣Կ϶ԼƵǱһǼġ
֮Ҷܹ֮ӮѪ޹飬ʵ̬ԭУȱһɣ
ңͨεĶڼƷʦְҵҲǳȤӵеĵֻҪԼȥгһҲĻΪڶλƷʦ
ȻҶϻشǧ˪ҲüȥҶǳ˳ݣȻҲĵ
ǲߣʲôҶȲҪúýѵһˣ
ǧ˪ôһαȻƽ׵õ˲٣ǲľôŹá
룬ҪҪȴȥҶķתת
ʲôǧ˪һ㶣۾бйâתͷȷʵȥҶķתת۵ļһ֣Ӯ
ҶûİһۣղҲ֪˭ԼöĹ輸ʯ͸һۡ
߰ɣ
ҶȻּȥһҶķûĵùû취вļҶķеı֣ʱѾĶķҶķ˿˽ţ̾ͻ˸ǵһ䣬һǡ
ǧ˪ҪȴҶڲҪҪܾ飬ͬʱҲΪÿ϶ڳȴԼöȵʱ䣬ɴסУʱ䣡
ʱ䣬Ҷ߱ежķʮƷʯ˽ټȴֻǼһƷ֮ʱСȥԽԽ˶ʼţܹĵ飬ȫ˹ʺ˶ѣǼƷʦ
˲ͬǧ˪ûκε䳰ȷҶľٶȻдɣȴĬĬ֧֣ΪѾµóҶ㲻ǼƷʦҲڳųΪһƷʦ
ˣȥڶҶķãû׼һʣȻˣ
仰ǧ˪˷̲ܵסҶ׼ٴγ֣κǰͬȻҶصڶҶķ˵϶֣һİղŻ֡
˳֮ǰǧ˪Ҷдʣ̲סʵһʲô
Ŷ챣ӣϣܹڶãӮʯѾһˣܵҸԩͷ׬㰡
Դˣǧ˪ֻܷ˷飬ˡ
ڶҶķҲһǼҶķſڵʱǧ˪۾ȻһСҶˣλԩͷ


1231 Ϲ
Ҷ˳ǧ˪߿ȥһλ۵ṫһȺ˵Ĵӵ߽ǰҶķͷƣǰüֱһޣѹǧ˪Ὣһλԩͷ
Ҷţ˸ߵˣӦЩСʵ˭
ÿҪˣҳ֮ҵˣһһܣø磬ҲһǱʵ꿡ܣʵڲ֮䡣
Ȼûֳʵֳû£Ȼ˸ֳӣҲû˸Ҷ֣ôúܵ
ǧ˪ĽܣҶһ˿âԩ·խû뵽ҳˣؼҺͷ֮⣬ֶ˸ң
ҶҲΪ𶯣ȻʶڵĻڣǸ־壬֮жӢ֣ܳԼ֪ľǧ˪£ܣټԼԼĿǰδ̫Ϲ飡
ҶеǺ˳ˣԼڻƵֵڣֽһˡ
ֻǣ֪ʲôʱ죬Ҳ֪󣬻᲻ᱻ۹˿ϣ׳ꡣ
Ҷȵ֮󣬾ǧ˪úôһ£ʲôһԼĿǰ۲죬󲿷ֵ˶ĺ󣬲Ѿ׳״̬
ߣԩͷ
ǧ˪²Ҷ߽ҶķǵͬβһȺˣЩ˾Ѿ֮ˡ
Ҷǧ˪Ȼ֪Ⱥ˵Ĵڣǧ˪Ļ˵Щ˾㱧Ҳȫûзϡ
Ҷջ˼˶ķͳݣԼҲбҪúһ٣˭ҳأ
ҶķһΪ̫͹ǵ壬ʵҲԲȻܸҿķ
ҶĽ룬̫͹̾ע⵽Ĺ۲죬˶ҶûȤΪֻõ㣬ȻҲûϡ
ҶѾǵڶˣϴͿ˼ֻǰղûг֣бҪΪһ£Ҳżѡ˫֣һľ룬һ͸Ⱥ˵Ľ̸һװѡ
ܿ죬֪еģѡ
ûǰļڶֱһȻΪƴֵ˵ҲҪġ
ȻҶǧ˪Ҳ˽ҶĥôԼʱߵһλ̴ӺȻһЦ޹˼ɵָ˵ι쿴Ҳ
Ȼ˸ŵԻ˼ҴĲҲز¶Ǯأ
Ҷǧ˪һۣӶԷжһ˿Ц⣬Ϲˡ
£ķֲǿģΪʲôǲҶĶȥ
ѽûƢСι֪֪һʯ𣿡̴ȻҶɵӣ٩
ҶֱͳһƷʯڶԷǰ˻ε
һתǹˣǶΣ
㣿Ҷҡҡͷ㲻ʸ񣡡
һ¶ʱ̴ӸŭˣȻ۹ҵˣ˰ͬׯںһ˾ȻҺа壬ܹܣ̤ǰһǲǣ
Ҷ˿壬ͦŵҲ˵ˣļҵүҲһң㲻ʸ񡣡
ļҵү
Ҳǹªţݣ˵һ뵽ľλΪļδ۵¡
ҶҲӮ˵Ļǵȷ˲ð
ȻʱҶһȺУк˹ȥСĽҶö˵˳
֮˵ȴǽһڣҶһЦҵʸңҵүʸأ
ĪҶģ
ôѵ㲻ң
ңôķ
һ絭ģôĵģǾôģ
ã
һҶҪķʱ䶯ˣ˶Χ׼һϷ
ǰȻҶѾƭһãôҪͬķʽƭǾףҲϵҶȫû˵öʱװǸӣƽĿĿǰЩ
ٲȻһֵķ緶


1232 ϼ޻
ͬͬһѡɣ
Ƭʱ䣬ҶѾѡһܶĿùǰҶö̵ˣΪҶ϶ѡһȻĽϣҶѡľȻһƷѡĲǷ
һ֣Ҷ׵Ӯˣ
£Թ̲סʼֹˣòǼƷʦɣ
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ܸɴİԼҶһƷʯ˼ѡ
ÿȻҶѡҶȻӮٴθһ⡣
һԵǧ˪ȴżˣҶôһֱӮﻹģϽ䰡Ϲ
ԴˣҶֻ΢΢һЦʵҲǿЦãԼӮ˵һ֮󣬵ȷҪģԼѡԼѡ֮ѡǡñеҪ
㣬ֻֿܣһ֣ǼƷʦ˵ڼҲһľ飬ڶ֣֮жģǹ䡣
൱ǰҶ֮Ľɫ˸ҶãҶ
䣡
ĳҶӮֵ֮ˡ
Ϊʲô̧ͷ䡣
û˼ӮҶע̫Сүˡ
˵֮Ҷǧ˪ߣȻǰӰһµȴǽס˵ľͶģ˵ľͲģ
Ҷüͷһǹ£ֻǿǿûǿ˶ģѵﶯֲɣ
ҶķйأԲڶķڶ֣
ҲУҼүҲе㽻飬ֻҪǽӮ£
Ҫǲأ
͵üģ
վһЦҶǿˣԼ˴㣬ʵҲԼ˴㣬ھͿ˭Ķ㣬˭ܹԷˡ
΢һҶͷãĿԣעҪӴһʮƷʯҲң
Цŵ㣡
˼ȻĽٴγϣʮ֮У˴ƽĳҶӮ
ٿƷʯ
ƽĳѡȻǷ
Ҷʼɣǲլʺ񣬹͸Լôʯ
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ôʯɫȴû˿ʹ˿ҡҡͷ̫ˣû뵽ô࣬ˣ뷭ֻܼӴעˣλ̨ﻹһǧƷʯһΣ
ղʮĳ̨ѡģξѡɣѡ
ǿӲҶܾ˵ͬʱѾѡһ
˶̲ס˿һǧƷʯ൱޴һʲƸˣӮˣǰĶ˻һӮҶ߰ٿ顣
ȻҡҡͷԣﻹмƷµżֵһƷʯҲΪעȫѹ˰ɣ
ȫѻȸ
עʵ̫ˣһһǧƷʯһ˵ɣϰĿˣҳǲƴְ
˵ĿⶼҶϣҲʶˣľǰȫ˸ֻҶǹһѪ޹飬ȻȴԻĲݣֱӱҶġ
ŽܶµʵʵҶûоܾĿܣ
Ҷ۹һɨ䣬ٿѾȡֵǼʱȻ򣬲òλȻ竣ȴı㣬ϼ޻
֮Уܹʮܹʮĳ˶ʮ˼ʣ
֮УһҶƲ⣬кܴĿֻΪ˷к֣ԴʼնûѡȻû뵽Ѿˡ
ȻҲͷƷߵģÿιҶѡΪһֱ䣬ȻȵһζӮ
ҪðһյģΪҶܻܿѡǼŶľֵĲ࣬Ҷһֱûѡ˵Ҷͬյķǳλ
ȻҶѡˣҲ׼ĺ֡
ڣ˶ԼˣⳡӮˣȻôĶעġ
ԾվԭزҶЦŴߴٵ̨ѾѡˣѡˣѾûѡˣֻʣһˣϽϣǷֳʤɣ


1233 ַ
ҶȻǧ˪鷳㵽ĸȥһԲ̣㽫
ǧ˪ĶᵽɤˣҶ仰ʱæȥ
ԥһ£ûϾҶ
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ǾͿɣ
żѡˣ
仰˵꣬ɫʱˣǧ˪Ѿͬһĳ˽һԲ̸µˣˣ
ҶԲȡУү֮ǰû˵ĵڵҲҶķеģҾѡģӦòΥɣ
ĺ벻ͬ⣬ȴҲĻͿѡƷ䣬һ£Ҳȥõ͵ȼ͸ߵȼڵԶġ
Ҷƫƫôˣ
ɣĸһ𣬷ķģҲȷʵӡţ
Χ۵˲ͷĿʼߴٵ
֮£ݺݵĵҶһ۵Υ棡
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ȿʼѡһƷϵȣҶѡȴһȻһƷµȣ
˶ˣԭΪҶǿˣ˿Ʒ뷨׼ҶһλƷʦ
ôĺˣΣͷܱһƷֻʵ
˼үһǧʯҾˣ̫˼ˣҲƷϵȵҲ
ҶĽʤƷȫս˿ռ䳾֮УȻɫѾֵүˣպлٶģ
Ҷһ̲ͣǧ˪첽߳˶ķĴţһ׼ðɣһ᲻֪жҪǵ鷳أ
ǧ˪ȻһЦ˵ˣǣ鷳
Ҷüͷһʲô˼
֪ΪʲôᵽΪһ֮ھ֮ңķħɽҪٰһħᣬ۹Һ͵ļҵ˴ͷ飬һĿǣַͬһԳΪħˣ
ԳΪħ
ҶˣڰԴʱɱҵıʱԼ͸߹ǣԼħδħۣѪ֮·ʹӷҿʼ
ԳΪħˣ㣡仰˵ڻῡǣҪΪַĶΪǰ·ϵ̤ʯֻҪɱ㣬ͣһܵõ۹ļҵ
Ҷһ⣺ħɽصΪȡְ
ˣħɽΪַħ̽ڷħɽַħԯ콾ҲˣȻܹܵλħ۵Ĵ
ǧ˪Ǵŵ٩˵ⷬȴ֪Ҷ˿𾪣
õѪڣʱˣҶ֪˵ԼʦдʦԭǱۺ̽˸ַġ
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Ҷ˿ѹĵļۺۣ̽ڻ𣿡
֪Ӧúλħһͽ뵽죬û׼ھˣǧ˪Ϊĵ˵㲻ϽԼ£Ĵ۵䡣
ħɽħᣡħֵĻħʵˡ
ѵҪȥħɽǧ˪ȵĵǻҪɱ㣬㻹ţ
ҶûлشкȻǸԲ̣ݸǧ˪лӵչˣ͸ˣϣ´μ棬ǻѷǵУڣ
Բǧ˪֮Ҷת뿪ıӰǧ˪ſڣҪ亰סǻȴ˻ȥΪʱҶֿ˵õѡ
ҶһĻôҲζͬΪһǵĹУʱ¥ҪܵӰ죬һЩĵڶַɲܳеĺ
ֻǣҶ뿪ﶸȻȱʲôյģָоʮУһγ֡
ҶͷҲصˣ֪Լߣǧ˪ڣҪҸطչأһµʱ䣬㹻̷һʦµĳĻҲܹԼʵ죬ӶЩῡ࿹⣡
ħɽһºһȥģΪʦΪʦ֣ΪԼҲʱ֪ѪһŽ־죡


1234 
Ҷһ뿪ˣ֪ԼٸŲʮˣڸǧ˪Ǹ࣬Ͼܶ˶ۿҶ͸
Ҷǧ˪İΣʵӦЩ۵˻Ǵ´ġ
ڸԼˣͬû⣬֮Ᵽһٶȣһ˵شͣѾڵˡ
ã
λļҵĺˣѾڳȴҶˣÿ֮ˣȵҶ
ȻʮҲͣһǰһ󣬽ʮ˽ҶΧ
ЩһЦƺѾҶΪ⣬˭׵ĳһ飬ãҶڱصãϧһλ֣һļˡ
òʯĪǣҪϵλʦͬԸҶʱ򣬶ԷȴǺֱӾܾˣͷߣȫûнԼ¡
ˣЦҡڵߵҶǰҺõȰ
үҲҪֻʯˡҶ˴
Щ˻е֪֮ģǸҶԸҶǲҶԸļҡ
ãֻûҵĶϵȥ־ˡ
үǴ󷽣ǾͲˣ
Ⱥ͵Цò֪ղҶһλԩͷұõҪĶˣƷʯһǧٶ飬ԼЩ˷֣һҲֵܷһٶ飬ֱǷḣס
ҶʼһֱɫĮĿˣֱʱſڵ˵𣿡
öݺݵĵСӣʱ㻹ôţҲͬʱôˣҲ뿪ˣ
Ҷļһ˹Ĺˣ룬ֺ֪ϲʶ
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ʮ˱Ҷɱ飬ļѾ˽֪ҶȻᵽǾ˵пܾ֡
ɫĺ㵽˭ô֪ǵ飿
Ҷ΢΢һЦȥ˵֮ˮһˮָԼʵòõӦʶҰɣ
Ҷ
þг
ҶѾĶֻķַȥ˵ļˣ󲿷ֵ˶֪
ЩҶҲ˳Ҷɱļʮӣָ̫ལιϵõˡ
̫ལΣ־һɽκ𶼻ͷġ
֪˵ļҼ۹ϳ֣ҵ̫ĲͼҶ𣬲룬ؼʱ򣬷ħ֣Ҷ̫һ˷ֱߣû뵽Ȼܵ
Ҷתͷ˵֮ˣ΢΢һЦ֪ĺ
Ҷôһ˵֮˶ʱͣҲɫĺѾ˾⡣
ʵֹЩ˶ͬ뷨ԭΪҶǸûͨˣȻȻɱʮļҵӣҺ̫ϵﱻɱˣһ̫֪ô˭Ҳˡ
οһ֮ҪٿķħᣬҪַĶҲ
Ȼ˲֪Ϊʲôҵ˻ļϣҶȻܹܵλħͬȵĴܵͨ׷ɱôܻûбأ
ûعһָҶҶ㣬û뵽㷴ˡ
ţת˵λһɱܹһս죬һܵõ۹ļҵѵǲ𣿡
òɵ֪ԼһȺ˲ҶĶ֣ԿʼĶˡ
ЩոӿǵѾջ棬˵ĺܶԣɱҶһɱҲ˶ڻ죬ϾҶǷħҪַĶ
ýŹĶһǾ仰ɱֻҪҵĶʯλ֣Σ
֮±·˶ˣ۸ߺү˵Ķԣʮ֮ˣ˵ö֮һʲôԥģһ˶ѣжʮˣѵ򲻹𣡡
ǣһ֣
ɱ
Ҳ֪˭𣬶ʱʮоѾȳҶ
ҶЩ˵г˼Գˣ򵥵һȭ˹ȥ


1235 ڼ
ʱһҽ뵹˳ȥÿ˶ǹǶϽۣȻûѾûս֮
ǲһľ磬ܹܸҶǿຼ⡣
ûжֵˣɫȫòҰޱȣȻ֪ҶǿǾû뵽ǿز
򵥵һȭѣͽ˴ˣҪٶսĻ˻Ķ֡
Ӱ
ȻɱҶջܴ󣬵ҲܲУתߣ֮󣬲Լͬĸӡ
ת֮䣬ʣļҵˣ
ߵЩˣʵҶʵȫȫ£ûôʵû˼ȴɱǣһȺѡ
õͫ׼ͻȻҲתҪӣϧҶŹ˭ҲŹ
һЦҶֻ̧ӳֱӳһ޴ƣöͷȥͬһֻһۡһþȻֱӱĳ࣬
ļȫɵˣԭأܶˣļˣҶκεĿ֮䣬ͽȫɱһ
ɱ֮Ҷ˲ţΪܸоĵԶһ˸ûв´ĻӦȺˡ
ͨĶҶжϵĳ֮УӦһλĸ֣ԼĶֻ֣бܿ
˲ŸոչرգȻѾ׷˹űصʬͼҺˣߺޣȻҲˣ֪Ӧ׷
һòʵ˴֮˹۹⿴ǼҶ˵ˣջһ·ʱһ˵Դը˳ġ
ֱӲ鿴еļ΢΢üԭҶ
ʲô޵ҧгݣαΪ˲μӷħû뵽ûȴῪʼԼһҶҾȻһǧʯһƷ
ҶһҪҵ㣬½ʬΣҲѽͷֻޣ

һҶֱ˲Ŵ˽أ˭Ҳ뵽Ȼ˿ħɽķΧͣԶԶŷħɽԿɽϾȻѾӰζȻΪ˲μӷħġ
ҶǸֳһ˿ЦһļҶȲҪɱңģһģһº
Ҷۣ۲˵ƣõǱ£ҵһ˵Ƚϰȫĵطʼչء
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ʱһΣǰ¹ȥȻħỹаµʱ䣬ǷħɽµһСѾۼ˲ˡ
ʵȻ˵ڵһܣʵϴ󲿷˶ڶĲ࣬Ͼ̫ңԶ²Կռ֮ţҪһ򵽴һҲҪ൱ʱ䡣
СȫҸֽӦоУΪħɽǻڵһʤأλλħ۷ַ
һ¥֮УԸصῡȺľۼһ𣬴̸ηħᡣ
˵ηħȻȲλ۷ĹģҲƺƴˣӢȫڴˣǻڶδһʢˡ
λ̨˵ļǣҶȻֻһСӣܹЩɲΪУҲ컯ˣȻҲֵˡ
ǣ˵һҶˣǻҶϣҶҶҪǱҲһ
˶ʱһôЦƺѾҶɱһȻʱһЦȴǴӾ¥Ľ֮д˳һȺߴߴģˣ
ᣬȴô˵ĶУȺʱըˡ
ģܱôÿ˸ڼΪһܣĸ֣Ȼȴ裬ܣվʮˣŽ֮ȥ
ֻһòˣռһӣǰһѪɫķδ󵶺ب֮ϣ֮ϵѪתһƷײ
Сӣղ˵𣿡
һ˿зѯͬʱ׼ȥȻһͬȴһѽסСأ㲻ʶѵ㻹ʶǰѵ𣿡
ǰѵôˣ
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Ѫǣѵǽս
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ղ׼ͷ֮˶ʱһ亹һԲĻֱ뿪˾¥


1236 Ϊհ
壬壬壬Ժգ˵ǵ̫֮У֪һǿ󣬶սһ½һƿֲǿߣзѪһ˶ǧɡ
һ֣κ˶ҪеֲĴڣЩﻹ鷳
ĳ֣ҲЩΪ⣬û뵽һǿߣȻҲμӷħᡣ
ڣ֡˴ŵӶսڵҲΪ˲μӷħᣬΪ˶ԸǸҶ
սûлش𣬶ϵĴ룬һȻϣĸǱѪĵΪҵĵ¹
˵仰²ŷǳ֮ڣȴû˻ɣ׷׵ͷͬ
սڵͬʱ˵شԶһ¶Ѩ֮УҶȴٿȻ۾
һƬڵĵ¶Ѩ֮УҶ˫Ѫɫ۾ͬźɫһų˵Ĺâ
壬ס̫֮У֪Ǹ̫ûʲôϵͷһ£̫ѣҾ͵û̫ĵ˵ĻҲϹɱ
Ϊʱȣֻ˰µʱͽħĳںˣղųʶо˸˲ǿͬǱһ£û뵽ǡþ˾¥֮еζԻ
֣Ϲ飬й̫˽Ĳ࣬Ӧ˶пܾʣལκϹˣ̫̫֮ס̫֮Уܾ֮ӦûһЩϵ
аµʱ䣬Ҷ׼˷ѣһͽ뵽Ѫ֮С
ԴҶշʯеʯ֮ǸѪ൱ɣֽƪħսѪ֮󣬶Ѫ˵ֱǽ˶츣֮Уÿ˵ٶȶھ˵š
ڷ˽ʱҶͳʶ˵ƾԼһˣԲƷ죬Ѫ˾õİ֡
죬ҶٵƸϾ۹Ǹ壬ĸ˶Ѫ˵Ҫ϶Ӧܵṩһϵİǵʵ
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ˣҶ׼ھʯеʯҲˣ֮е˶ųҲԺǰһŬϾɶ鳾ʿ
죬ǣɽ޳鳾ű֮мĿڶʱ˾
ȻҶϣԼܹ򿪵ʮѺĿȫǻ죬ˣ
Ҷɣʮ죬᲻Ҳһλۣһλۡ
Щ֮ǰҶҪһˣǵڶ׷ǣ
׷ϲȲ裬óŶݼ֮Ҷݵĳеʱ򣬱ϣܹҵƽ󷨵ķȻ׷ȴܣûȥƽ󷨣ҶԼ
ͨ£ټϵħѹҶѪ֮оļϸҶ϶׷ӦþǾˡ
׷ҲǿҪ鳾ҶͻȻ֣Եе㾪ȣȻҡеȵѵãȻңܳ
Ҷ΢΢һЦʾ׷£ȻԼҲǰ׷ǣԼ˵ҪҶ֣ӦڵͲǵˣҪ֪ʲô׾ٵ飡
ҶĿżϣð׷Ǹе⣬еҲֹͣȶ
ںæû̫ʱ䣬ҲʶһҸ֧ʱ䣬㲻˵ôҾֻԼˡ
ð֧ʱ䣬׷ǽǳƬ̺ͷ˵ҵȷǾѪģ֪Ĳ࣬Ϊҵʵ̫ˡ
Ϊʲô㣿
Ϊհף
ҶһȻ򣺡ҳ֮һ

ؼңҺ֮ҳֶһ׼ңҶͷͼ֪˵ɣסҪƭҡ
׷¶ЦģҲƭģѪ֮жɹôƾõʱ䣬ҶѾǰ׼ҵˣ¾һȥ׼ңҲû˻ϵˣ
ͨнؼҵҶҳһЩ˽⣬֪Ϊ˴ﵽĿĿԲֶΣԼĺˣȻ׷ӦҲڴС
ֻҪѪôû˻ߡ
Ҷ׷ǵĳŵ֮վĶҶȥ


1237 ѿ֮
ħɽûλٿħᣬɽҲκεΪʵûʲô֮
Ȼɽ嶥֮Ҳƣɽڻʵʤ
ɽ̨֮ϣ˵Ӱһɷ̸ۣȻǶμӷħġ
嶥֮ϣѾۼˣʶģȺۼһ𣬲ʶģͶվһߡ
֮һƮƮƲ֮վʮӰۼһ۾ϳļҺ۹ˡ
ȻҲηħķǸˡ
ʱԭֵķħɽը˹һ󲿷˶Ʋ֮ӿ˹ȥǸڼΪῡܣǳ֮⣬û˸ȥ͵۹а塣
ˣˣȻҪæȥͽк
ȻмˣεӰµվһԣƺ˲̫ϡ
Ȼ⼸ҲһЩĻϲ֮˵ע⡣
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˵ɣҲʶǸ翹󵶵ǽսһͿɱʮˡ
УǶμӷħᣬΪַǸҶսҪǸҶɱǣǾ˵Ҷһġ
˵Ļ£ʼվһԲսͻȻһЦţһһѪ˵֮ѾһΪ˱룬궼ûߣѪ֮С
Ȼսӷħᣬԥľͽ֮˸һ
˶ʱɵˣ˭Ҳû뵽սȻ˸ɴ࣬ļҺ۹˵͸ҳɱˡ
۹һλվüսսλѲǶ˵ѣֱӽɱǲеˣ
սֿͣ¶һɭЦݵҲʲôħᣬҵҪɱǸҶģȻǸҶᲢۣǶҽľ޴裬Ȼɱ
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Ȼս˵Ҷʵȴǽ඼˽ȥŰ裬˶ŭǣ˭Ҳҳ֣Ϊû֪սʵ
սüӵĿɨһȦĵĪǻΪͷ˭վҵķѪûкȹѪأ
㿴ңҿ㣬ԼͬĽĿȫļҺ۹ϣΨܹ֮վսһսˡ
Ȼ۹ļҵˣȴҲ˵ʵȻηħǺٵģĲûʲô̫ĸ֡
ڻļվսбߣĴһ͵ʱϣʱ򣬻ܱݿ
Ĵ磡
һ̶㷢ѯʣòҲ˰ɣ
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£ļδϣҲ˲֪ǰʹﵽ۷壬Ϊչس죬ɹ񣬵ƾ㣬ҲЦˡ
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̫ˣֻҪĴһҿû˸ţ
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Ȼûȥսǻﻰ֮䣬ȴڼս
ʱԶһòͨ˺Ȼҡҡͷ̾˿Ĵ磬Ĵ磬˼Ĵۣʲôϵأ۸ˣԼһֻ֣һζѿ֮ûˡ
ոճ˸սھȻֳİˣ˵֮ǵڽ˶˽ȥ
պյսǸŭԣ˵Ļȴ̷׷˳
СӣĸɵģȻԲѡ
ߣͲ󣬵ӵǲС㣬ղǷʲô˼ƽ뿪ħɽ
㵽ʲôˣ
Ŀɨһ۵ǵĴ絽֮ǰˣ
仰֮˻Ȼս
սһЦ˼ĪҪһս
ӣһս˹ȥʱ˿̣˶ͣ𾪵Ŀƺ˶ʶˣ룬ѵĸսս
ߵսǰ֮ԶͣսĵתתϵĴ򵽣б۾ŶԷְɣҵĵ²ն֮
սԺ˵ǰ㲻˵ҳĵ֮𣿡


1238 Ѫծ
˵ĴսȻһŽ⣬ͬԴʵҶ
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Ҷһµʱ䣬ӵ˳ΪԼ˸òȺ֮У˷ħɽϡ
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̫ˣԭסһɣϣĤ̫֮ϢȻһͻȻ֣ɣΪ˴֣˾Ȼ̫弸ȫɱռ˷ɣ
ȻҶȻеɻ󣬾ɣλڷ˽绹λھ죬ǼȻ϶̫ͽ֮ĳޣ֪ԼζԴսˡ
ȻҶĳսе㾪ȣȴ̲סЦû뵽û뵽㻹Щ֪ô˶ҪԸ㣬ȴȻ˵أң㻹ҪΪǳͷǹɱģ
ҶһЦ㶼Ϊʲô⣬Ҫһ˵ҲΪǳͷǽҪһѪծ
ӣһУɱ֮ʵ̫࣬ൽԼǲĵزȻҪѪծҾͳȫ㣡
ѵѪծǽһǵá
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սɫ΢΢һ䣺ˣˣ̫ལιϵƺལα˶ǽѪծƾ㣬ԶԶʸ񣡡
Ҷٴ̤ǰһʸһ֪ˣɣҿ׼ôҳΪĵ¹
Ҷս֮䶼Դķʽڽ̸Ȼǲ֪ǽ̸ݣ񿴵ҶһȻµǼս̲סʼ
˵˭ô󣬾ȻĸҺս֣
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ʵҶȻս˵̫ͷǲɷϣһԭΪʵڿȥսΪһ壬Ȼôǰ˿ȴûһ˸վֻǽϣڲ֪׻᲻µϡ
Ҷʱ򣬾;ֱӵ飬ʱֻһ࣬ĴѹҲû˿η壬Ȼڣֻսһȴѹô̧ͷҲʶЩνһĿܣ󲿷ֶͽƨ㲻ϣ
Ҳ˶ڳԼҶڷ嶥һ֮ϣһֺɫɴŮע
ҶʵҲͷŮˣҺǧ˪ô˵棬ԼܺκνȻĻ޾鷳
Ҷĵϻô࣬㵽״򲻴򣡡
ȻżҾ£һ̣
սһЦһʼձڼϵķѪֱָҶ
ѪԼһɣأͨѪɫǱѪȾһ㣬ԼɢһѪȵζָҶһɾ˵ɱʱ˿
ѪƷײ֪˵ʥ޷ѪɣԹΪ峤ã֪ж黯˵¹ɷ죬󣬹ͲһܹٵģҲɽ١
˵峤ǰ֮ǰ⽫Եˣֻսһܹ𣬶ʱս񲻹ꡣ
ǰҲ˵պսȻǽ峤ˡ
ҶȻûмѪǹ⿴Ǻصĵܲ³Էᣬη壬Ҫ֮ͬԼ㲢޵УҲǺж֣οڷѪҲİ
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ս򵥵һֺѪѾ϶£
һ򵥵ĶŷѪ䣬ħɽȻ𶯣սҶ֮Ŀռ䣬ȻһƬڵա
Ȼǳɽ
˵ɫΪ֮һݣȻ֪ѪΪأǴ˿УŸӾÿ¡
ȻҶҲоǿֲ·ص˸Ƕӣ޷ܵĴ֮ѹ
һȻܹʹ֮ѹᲢۣ֪Ŀֲ
Ҷûжǳϵģֲֿѹ֮£ȻһսȭͷŷѪĵ˹ȥ
ˣСһǷˣȻͽȥͷѪҲ
䣡
ͬը죬ҶȭͷͷѪײһ𣬵ضɽҡʮһ񱩵ܷϯȥ
һһֱƬ֮ͻȻһΪ΢𡪡δ𡱣
Ҷȭͷ֮ϣһѪĵ䵽˵档


1239 ڻ
Ҷֱ֮һķڣ˿һεεµѪ
ԴҶͨʶѨλ֮󣬾ʹûͬ׸ܹű˺ȻڣѪȻֱܹԿѪȷǷޱȡ
˵ڵȴǴŵ𾪡
ѪĿֲţղŵɵҲ˸ͬܣȻҶȻȭͷͷѪĿ֮УֱֻһӣҶǿ̶ȣʵǷ˼ˡ
ңûпɣ˾Ȼȭͷס˷ѪҽֻǱôСһӣ
ǻһȥֱӾͱ룬ôܻӵôǿ壬ħ𣿡
ԾȻսˣκ˶Ѫǿ̺ʥ޷ѪıȻǵǾ޼ô˵ƾܽأ
εıչأҶħĳһɹ˵̫Сδɵľ֮Уγ
Ҷܹʣһϵĳ
Ҷ뷨ѾȫˣǻһϵΪӹ֮ԣҶһʱ䲢֪Ҫ뵽ĸ֮У󾭹ص˼£Ȼһݣֱӽ飬뵽Լ嵱С
Ϊϵ֮Ⱥأѵķ֮ټˡˡϵ뼺ܹԼõĽˣ壬ǿķ
ͬһ壬ϵ壬Ҷǿһǰ޹˵֮޷ٰʿ绮ֵı׼жԼӵеʵΨк˽֣
ȭͷӲѪò˵һΪðյľٶΪҶ岢ûдﵽ˫ľ磬Ȼ˺̵УԼ嵱ͬʱ뼺ŽѪһ

ҶսĶУ˵ǳĴսûʧȥǣˮٶ
һѪ֮϶ȻһŻ棬սǽŵƶ
һĻҶȻûб飬ȴЦˣ
ԼȻ˵䲻ĻսڰŪԷԸԼ
ʥ޷˵ǿĻͲ֮Ҫ˵ԻĿƣؼûκһܹȡ
ǶڷѪĻ棬Ҷʵ̫ϤˣΪҲͷųͷųӿֲĽ
ս˸߸Ծ˫סѪ߸𣬶׼Ҷݺݵȥ
һ֮𣬷ѪϰŵŻ棬Ȼ˳ȥֻڣǵأħɽɽȫ֡
˿ԶۿͻᷢħɽŻһ㣬ӿϯ죬˲佫һ޴Ļ¯
ĹȻսҪԵĻҶֻͷųȵ¶ȣȴÿһڳ˶ĸܵ˲䣬ɽϵֲͻ˻ҽЩʯͷҲҺ塣
սˣѵҪ𣿡
ϻˣϽɣǷ𣬾ԿԽҸճɻҽ
ڶɫѿ˼㣬սָûнǷΪǼΪķŭҲڰңҿղûг嶯ȴս֣ȻĻĻᱻ
Ƿ׷УԶɶȥԶ˷ħɽɽվԶԶļۿҶս֮Ĵ򶷡
ֻܵѣһæߣ֪սΪĿҶڵĴǺεȵĲ
ҶȴȻĻھһɺɫĺһ㣬֮ݹ࣬پ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͽȫûˡ
һ̣ͬɵеǧ˪΢΢һһ˿Ҫ嵽·еͷûֻǲڵסյĺɫɴڲϵ
ҾͲţֵܹҵڻ𺣣
սϴŵЦ·ܵĻ𺣣ʶ޷֮еΣҲûбҪȥΪţҶԲܴӻ֮
ȼţƬնȾ˺ɫħɽɽʼۻ
ȻʱսͻȻ¶һΪŹֵɫΪ֣ɷѪͷųƺڼ١
ҡҡͷսĵӦҵĴɣôأǷѵܹɲɣ


1240 ʥ
ʵⲢսĴʵƬѾħɽĻȷļ١
ҶȻݻ֮Уȴûбգ˼ĶЩעƬ֮ȡ˷Ѫ졣
ѪҲзֻ̲صķѪֻһζѣѪȴ֮϶Ⱦ˷Ѫ֪߻һġ
Ҷھ˼֮󣬾ýЩ˷ѵʵǱΪſܷ÷ѪЩ档
ɹĻڷѪĪĺôпƷ׶
ǸԲĹ̡
£Ҷ˹Χ֮£Ҫ˵ĹʽԼˣǺˡ
ҶҲǵһˣкüζںͱ˽ֵĹ̵Уܵ
ʵ֤Ҷ뷨Ҳȷģ߶Ѫеķ֮ɻ棬˴֮˸Ӧһ㣬ȻĽһ
𿴴ӷѪͷųĻ涼ǻڵ״ΪΪˣΪ֮ʵϣԴǷ
ַͬͬԴȻܹˮ齻ڣټҶһǿд߶ѪųʼеĻ棬֮ӿȥ
ֻһʼӿٶȱȽԲŻսΪԼ˴
ܿ죬Թ۵Ҳ˲Ծ˿ʼС
ô£ôû濪ʼˣ
ҲָоѵǸСӱЩΧȻû
ܰɣǷ¶֮߸һܹܵ˵ģûпѾճ˻ҽ
֮󣬵սڷֲԼĴڼ٣Ӧ˼һ֮ʱеˡ
սҲսǴûһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪ôˡ
ҶȻֻҪս֣ôҲ֣ܶյ¡
Ҫɱ㣡
սѹٲ֣ѪϵķѪҪҶǿˡ
Ѫ߾٣һͷ˶ޱȵѪ֣︡췢չ߷ɣڣһƥľ޴󳤺ӣҶ˹ȥ
ն
ѪǶԳſϰ׳ϾȻѪӣȥǼһֲơ
ҶҲͣ˼ջ棬ɫ䣬˫εĲڴ֮ϣɲ֮仯һ߲ʵɽεضۿѪＴǰʱ򣬲ŶȻٴλȭ˹ȥ
ȭͷ֮ϣ淭ڵԻһƬĩհľݷܹվƬһ
ԶĹս߱ΪҶѾˣȻû뵽ȴǿֻʣһĻ֮УȻһֻŻȭͷȫһ
Ȼû
ֹûǺˣȻս
˭ȵȣûзһȭʶ
УΨǧ˪³һŵķȻҲ޷ţҶڶ̶һµʱڣӵкͶĸ࿹ʵֻҪҶû£ǲҪġ
Ⱥеۣǧ˪üͷΪҲҶӭѪֻȭͷֳ࣬ƺ˵
Ӧսʽеĵһʽ죡
һò˵ϴһ˿￪ڣ˵ɻ
ʥսսʽѵսĺˣ
˵ĲǱˣǸˣҲǵҶλˡ
ԴӱҶݺݵһ֮󣬸ûߣҲμӷħᣬϣܹҶϢ
սĺˣ
仰һʯҽÿ˵Уǧˡ
죬죬˭֪֣
һӵһ죬һ·򵽵ڰĳǿߣսδһܣʶдʤ֮
̫ħЩ˺ȣֱС׼ףֵһˡ
ȻսѾʧʱĳ֮У֣ȻúܶΪɵȻ죬Ȼʩչսսʽ֪еˣ
ʱ䡱һ촫ҶֻȼŻȭͷѾ׺ݵѪԴ֮ϡ
죬ڱ˰ƬգѪһɶȥѪӸɺԣ
ͬʱħɽĻ֮Уһˣ¶ȼѪɫ棬߾ȭͷս˹ȥ
壬ų̫֮Уÿһֻڵ嶼Ҫ̫ܵĴһЩ嶼ҪǿĶࡣ
Ȼһһٶ幥սһҲǿԴ󷢣Ȼ˷Ѫͬȭͷӭ˳Ҷ


1241 ̫̫
䣡
һͬװľ촫ֱ˵죬ҳһƬ
û֪Ҷս֮便˶ȭΪ˳ȭٶȶʵ̫ˣ
ֱҶһ
䣡
һɫȭͷǻ˲죬ӲĽƬĿռĹѵƣһӰ˳ȥ
¡¡
ӰɳȥǧԶ֮صײһ͹ɽ֮ϣȻɽײһС룬ֹס˺֮ƣͣ
˶ȥײɳȥľȻսҶԾվ֮УѪɫ棬ȭͷ֮Ѫڲϵĵ䣬ȴվıֱһ𲻿Խĸɽһ㡣
սˣ
ѵսĺ𣿲Ȼôܹսأ
̫ˣսʽеһûмܹİɣ
޲ĿɿڴţųƽǿǿսȻ˸ĸûл֮

弸ѾǶɽ֮еսȻ췢һŭ
ս̫ˣԼýĺˣδĽ峤ȻһԼ⸱ԣܹܡ
žžž
ս֮ͻȻһǽڱѵ彥Ŀʼ˱仯˱࣬һֻڣͨ⻷ƣиǸһֽɫ̫ɢ޾Ժͻ棬̫֮УȻһֻռݡ
սŭˣȻʩչ˽գСˣ˵տý˶ݵʩչ̫֮ǿգٿսС̨ס
ǰⳡս֮սҲ϶Ҫչˣ̫֮ǽҲ޷ɵ˺
˵һҪҪ˵ʱɱأǸѵĻᰡ
Ѱˣ廹һǿٶ˫˵ܺʥ޽ȽϣԼսˣȫߵĻҲ׷
սΪ˱࣬ҶԿԸоһϵѹ֮䣬ˣ¶ҪܲסڵأҶȴǲɽ˫鱧ţһŽ۳һԲΡ
֮УԿ·ͬһ㣬βζ
⣬Ҳһ̫
˿Ҷ˫֮γɵľȻҲһ̫
ѵҲԶ̫֮ԴԽڵ̫֮
ܰɣ˽֮⣬Ψһֻܹ̫̫֮ˣ̫ܲ˰ɣ
˵УҶ˫֮䣬Ȼһֽɫ̫˿սԺǸ̫ҪС
սڣϵıѾ޷Ҷĵ̫ȴһ𾪣ӡ
ҶȻ̫֮ⲻںϹ齻ֵʱ򣬿ʩչĹӡУսһӡģ˳
ֻû̫֮ȴ̫֮мԼĵƣټԻԲ̫̺ͬˡ
ͿĽǿҵĹӡɣ
ҶȻһ𣬻е̫˳ȥͬʱսͬҲе̫˳ȥ
һ̫֮а⣬ת޴ޱȣգƶ
һ̫磬ᣬռݰƬգƽ
̫ͬ޴ɽճһ㣬ƶĹ̵з¡¡ľ֮ϵ˴˼ľ롣
䣡
ڣ̫ײһɲǼضɽҡرɫֹâʷ׳ʣգֱ֮ӱײһԲľ޴ɫգͷųֲΧ
޴ײɽ廯Ϊ촷ۣħɽҡΣͻȻ֮䣬һ⣬Լ֮䣬һ޴ķӡ˷ħɽ
ǵһλµķӡΪ˱ħɽᱻƻѾ֪ûг֣Ȼ죬սҶȫ֮£ӡȻٴγ֣γɱ֣סħɽ֪˹ɵ
Χ۵Щ꿡ǣ̫ײɲǣΪ޷ǹǿͬϣֱӺ촷ۣ˼ÿ죬æ̵ʹ˳ӵ⣬ǽӹһ١
ʱ˿̣Ȼվԭصֻǧ˪߸ˡ
˰ȫشЩ̲סʼۡ
սǸأòܾˣ˰ɣ
пܣײ̫ˣ¶Լ󣬶վôӶܡ
ãȻ˻ϣЩγͷ
ݣ
ʱһͻȻ𣬽һƺݣڽ֮һ˫Ӱ׷ᣡ


1242 һ
֮һֻڣ׷ȻӦ֮Ҷ
̫̫ײĽҶ˵ƺս̫ջʤɹĽڲƵ̫ˡ
ʱսʶԼҶĶ֣Թ˲ܵˣתӡ
ղЩ˵һٶ֮죬Ժʥ޽࿹⣬սֻҪԼȫӣҶ϶׷Լ
Ȼû뵽ǣҶʩչѪ֮Ӧ֮ᣬԺͶȼսȻҧ󲻷ţ𽥵֮Ĳࡣ
սҪԱĳ嶯𱻶ԷգûжԷǿͬǹӡĶ֣ȻھȻΪٶȣҲʧȥơ
Ҷɫ侲ĸս󣬽׷ᣬȻԤУԼɱսԤûг֮ǰǲģϾԼս֮ĳǽˣսôΪԼδһУֻҪһ˿ܣҲҪ취ɱĨȥպв
Χ۵ȫɵˣ
ȻҶҲӺˣ⾿ǺηʥܹսƵӶӲߵĵز
һһ˲Ϣ֮Ѿɳǧ֮ԶҶ̧һǴӡ¡
顱һһ˽ڵƨ֮ϣ˫һȶ
սܰ㲻˵ҪҳΪ֮ķѪأٴսٻغϣ
Ҷս󣬲ͣķҲڲϵ˵Ż̼սϣܹŭʧȥǣӶͣԼսһ
Ϊ˵ʵٶȵȷ˫ȻڿҶܹ׷ϣһڲ룬ҶԼѪҺΪۣ
Ѫ֮ڲǿԳʱʩչҶһȺȴɱῡܣǸ˴ĶҪΪ۵Ҳܼ֣ܿҶҪһԱʱ֮衣
ս֪ܲҶ뷨ҶƣҶʱʱĹҲǲ㣬ֻһ뷨ߡ
Ȼڵľ˵裬ֻҪܹȥЩܻг֮գʱҪܵһУٱǧĻҶ
˾ͿΪν峤սһͷɥһҶں׷ƨɴ򣬽ɫë裬ͬѩƬһϵ䣬ٴһᣬھͻһֻûëѻ
ڣѪ֮ڵʩչ˼ޣҶٶȿʼԶս֮ľ롣
һĻΧ̲סϧϧվһУսˣ
ǰ˵ʵȻ£ٶȻǲսºˣսһӻؽ壬ȴ˵Ľĸ棡
Щֻǧ˪ĶУķУɴ֮µһ˫ͬˮ峺ӣɨǰЩνῡǡ
ԼôվһЩ˳żɵҫ֮⣬ʲôҶЩ˼ֱЬ䡣
һ̣¥δŮۣڳ׵ŤתԼԴҶ̬ȣҲԤʾҶպ·֮Ͻһˣһѡ
ҶͣսѾɽԶһһ㣬Ҫʧʡ
˶ΪҶѾ׷ϵʱҶ˫֮ͻȻֳ˵ʹâ۳һŹһ֧
Ҷ£׼ѾͬСսಡһ֧ɵ۶ɵļʸ˳ȥ
ż
żͨһ˿Ҷ䴩˻ǿս֮ױȡ
ҶʵȻ޷ʹȣƴȫ֮ʩչһҲС
ʸڿдһʵĹ磬ٶȼֱǻ죬ɲǼ䴩Խǧľ룬ս
Ⱥ֮УȻԲ۾⣬ôżеһȺʩչ
ˮĵͷǵģؼķѼ۷¿̳˴ʩչżʱƣֻϧõΣûеõ񡣡
ȻתղŲ˵սĺôôֻżأ
ү⣬Ҳ޷ش㣬˵Ǵʥս죬࣬λħۣ֮ƺĳֹϵʵĻôˡ
˵꣬ͻȻڴϣľ֮ɫˣҶɣ


1243 
ħ֣ˣ˲μӷħᣬΪַҶԳΪħˡ
ǰսķӴܵˣȻħۣս죬Ƕйϵʩչǵս񲻾Ҷ
ÿ˵ĶУǵжһ
ͬȻˣҶĻҲʵ̫ˣ
ʥսָ̫֮Ǻѣӡʩչ˳ǻôַô
䣡
ͻȻһԶ˴ӳ˼о˹
ֻԶʵľͷҲսλ֮ϣһɫĹ٣ǧ׸ߣ֮һֻصĽڰȻվ˫۾С̫һ⣬ֱֱĶҶϡ
ڵĽ£һͷСҡҡλεվһѪɫĴ֮ϣؿڴһ˶˿ڣϵµѪ
ںȻڣȻܽҶ˳ȷЩ£ܻպڱؽһϯ֮أ
£еĽⶸȻĻ棬ݺݵײҶϡ
飡
Ҷ˶ʱ󵹷ɳȥͬײһɽ֮УһѪޱĿʾͷֻʧľ޴ڣԼǰǸԤгֵԭȻղԼ׷սҲԲɱ
ֻڣʵǿĹˣ
Ҷǻص˵ڷ˽ʱ˵ĸоʵĲ֮
ǣǽ峤ҲսĸװôͻȻˣ
ûгֻ֣һ˿ѣ˷ѪУĶصʱ򣬾ͻ֣һ
һ˿Ȼþôǿ۾ͽǸ˸ˣ׵ʲô磿
ӦǺ۲£۷壬׼ˣҲΪĴڣ̫뺷ﶼȥ屨𡣡
ղţҶȥһɹս壬Ѫɽ˷Ѫϣµһ˿˳
Ȼֻһ˿ȴԾǿĿ£ǵԼĶӣܻܿԻɱҶˣҲҶܵˣҴĻﲻպҶٽ׷ɱˡ
壬ҵǣ
ŴڴսѾʧҶ𣬸ֳһ˿Ц
ҶȻǶɽ֮УӿİɫҩȪΪ˵壬ղŴڵһһҪҿ쳣ǿͷ߳ɣȻҶ
ͬʱҶҲҪ׼ӦЩĿǣղ˵ÿһ֣Ҷ
ǲ³ԼݣԼħɽϣΪҪˣѪһ˻죡
Щ˴˿ͬתͷȻǲ³ҶݣԾɲҿ϶˵Ը϶
˴ԥҪҪô˻ȥɱ
Ȼع˵λѵûпҶǷħҪַĶӦãܵˣǳĴʱ
ȻǸ۹һģҲ۹˵Ļ䣬۹̷ӦļȻҲǸŸͣƬ̹󣬴󲿷˶˹ʶҪô˻Ҷ
ҲһСȻԥҶأɱ𣿡
ɴɱһǧɷŹһ
۹˸Ļش
ǣ۹ļҵĴ£½Ҷǰ֮ͣȻǧ˪⼸ʼյվһԵҲ˹
ļǸ˵»վ˳ңָҶҶǺôĵӣ֪ٿħҪַ㣬㾹Ȼûн˷
ҲܶԷǷҶһҧ
ҶĿַңղսʴʣʱôǳַҽˣǾҪַˣ۹ǵĴ֮𣿡
죡۹߳һ˴ǳƱ磬սԼг𣬻ǳϣǾϲ⣬
λǻʲôھͶɱ
˵Ļ£˷ӦʼǶɽеҶͻȻ΢΢һ壬˳
ҶһǰȺ˶ʱһĵҶʲôòΪǵĶְɣ
ҶɨһۣһЦǲ˵ħ𣿲ҵȷħҪ̤ǵʬ壬ǵѪһƷħۣ


1244 
ҶǵѪȻδ͸վѪ䣬ǴһѪ͵սףѪ壬ԣŭľһħһ⡣
ղŲǱϽڸôô񣬸òװİɣ
Ⱥ֮УѾʼֹ֮Ը߹ҪɱҶΪҶˡ
ǿҶڵӣˣ
ܹսıͷߣϽڼʱ֣ܿܶڴˣҶʵ֮ǿѾӹɣû˵ĻôԼЩ˾һҲһĶ֡
ȿȣ
ʱҶͻȻȻסͣȻۼ˿֮һ˿ʺ졣
ǰһҶȷˣڵӲװģ
Ҷģ̫ˣҴ۹͵úýѵһ㣡
һһվ˳۹͵ˣѾﵽһذ˽ľ磬ڲҶȷ֮ԼĺûᣬͬʱҲΪ˰ͽһ۹͵塣
ҶɫƽĿһۺһЦʲôʸѵңĻ͸ϽԶ㣡
Ҷ˳ӣ˵׶ʱǵͨ죬ͷúúãɣ
£˶Ȼӳһһϣһһ̣ĸ˫һǰһҶɱȥ
ǡʥĸĸ˫ܻأ
˵ʥʧˣ϶ǷƷҲǲСˡ
ǧ˪кһ׼֣ҶһУȻոжȴѾҶĴ죬Ӧ
飡
Ҷû˵ٻԼȻ˫һǰһĽסˣ
žž
Ҷ˫ȻȻӲĽ߬ˣ
ĿɿڴҶôģʵǿĿ£ȻĸֻǷƷôʥķƷоȻͬͯһһ
ȥ
ѾϳĽصʥƷĵâԭȵˡ
ۣ
죬˵Բ˫ۣԼϱĵĸ˿ڣüĶȻѿɫҪߡ
ȻҳˣǾͲҪˣ
Ҷ֮û˿¶ȣһֻƺճ֣һѽԷץסֱ󱬡
֮䣬ѻȸ
һһذ˽ˣҶ¾Ȼһжû߳ڷ
Ҷ
Ҷۿ˵ȻԳΪħҲɱ޹ڣҸһᣬ۹ļҵ֮⣬˶뿪
仰Щ˵˴һʮ붼תߡ
ʲôħᣬʲôַҶһжȲԼҪ
Ҷûгһ뿪Ƕʱ˿ʼ뿪ˣȻʱļ֮ͻȻһλߵĻ㣬ҲҪλһ䣬ħͷ֮£ôպ˭ʲô飬ɱļҵʱˣУһĴ硭
ž
һӲĽļ˵ϣֻԼ߸İǹһ˿ѪľվȻȫû׵ô£Լôͱ˴һ⡣
ҶĿĴ磬Ĵ磬ҵĶĶҪˣͳ仰ĴˣļҵˣһҲܣ
ļ˰ҪԼѹˣҶҲʵǲļϵλ£޵еĴڣ޿̵˶Էһơ
ļٴվһˣָҶҶ̫ˣΪһɱļʮǰֽ壬ɱãղŻɱһˣ飬ѵĲ±Ǵ𣿡
һݣҲգǲмڽ͵ģΪĿҾ͸һ飬Ҿ飬令ͻļңǵĶǵмң𱨣ɳʮ׷ɱңұԱúҶ֮вʣڳͬҲҪɱңѵҲû𣿡
ڸղŵˣҪɱңҲ
һǾ仰Ҫģڳߣģ߷ҪļҺ۹ȵģô
ļ˱ҶĴһƣټҶ˵ⷬ˵кܿ˾һ׼ͷ뿪
ȻʱһХԶĴ˵ĶУ۹ļҵͬʱ¶ϲɫ
̫ˣˣ


1245 ɽ
ʮӰͬһһ㣬˵ǰЩͶ󣬵ǸӢˬͷɣһ֪ȫǸ֡
۹ļһĸǣǶ쾳ĸ֡
Щˣ۹ļȻǳһȱڵˣҲõҶˣˣҲǰңҿԼûż뿪ȻĻʹ˺ύĴûᡣ
磬ôҲˣ
ϲĽгһλò߰˷ƵӣĴ磬ҲһеǿܣȻͱֻ˼꣬ʵȴǸ߳һ󾳽磬Ѿ˶졣
˵ƭˣҵǸ𣿡΢΢ͷ۾֮˸
ηħ۹Ƿҵ˸棬ҲδУֻԼеģʶһ£û룬ȴٿѾҶݺݵһ٣õϢܱŷһԼĵܵܳڶ
Լȴ˵ƭˣ֮գɼһߡ
˴ĳ˶ͦñǰҪֱˣһָҶ磬ҶҲַҪַĶ󡣡
˺ļȻҲæŹȥǵʦֳ֣ȼ񣬲Ҽ򵥵һǰ
ͬʱҶԺ֮ͬǧ˪ĴΪЩ˵
۵ľļˣȻҲѾ죬С۹ĶǷҵˣʵļ£ܾͲ˵ˣʵڲ֮䣬Ⱥеǿߣл͸ϽӰɣ㲻ô˵Ķֵġ
ǧ˪ĽܣҶĿⰤĴǰ˵ƹɫĵ˵ͷ뿴ӷҺļҲƣбҪԼץסֻļΪǱ𣬶ңѾ֪ԼѪеݡ
ܺȻ˵ĵλҶ۸ҵܵܣȳֽѵһ°ɣ
ҺļѾ֪ҶոսսɱǱӣȻԶӧȻҲֵôӦҲóûʶһҶʵ
һ˵ͷ㣬飬һҪȥ
ģзִ磬Իһģ
˵֮󣬴ǰߵҶǰùԹԵĽҵܵƭĶгܵƤ֮ࡣ
ͣ
ҶֳܣҺܵܶḶ́ϰĿãȻȴ˵ƭҲҪʵɣ
˵ƭƭ
ͻȻָ֣ſͬһ㣬ŵƣĪ⣬Ҷѹȥ
ߣ
Ҷһߣ㲻Ȼϰ취ȭҡ
Ȼȭͷӳ֮ʶ˲ָܵץԼʵϷ֮ȴǰ󷨣˴֮Ȼܿռסô֮Լѹ
ԼƾܹԸģҶ΢һջȭͷ˫鱧ţܾδֵһɽĻпٳ֣ڲϵķŴ
Ȼܵа󷨣أôð취ǿͻƣҶս۳ɽͼɽײһƬء
ҶսûɽѾʵɽûκܲٲ䣬в֪޷ɽߡ
ɽƣԽԽݷҪ춼ͱһһֲֿѹΧս˶Ǹͬܣ˹࿹
žһָܵͬѾεĽɽķ嶥ץġ
һĻʵ̫ˣһֻ־ȻӲץסһɽ壬ָ΢΢ȻҪɽ顣
ҶڣΣϵĴ߶ɽ֮УɽŴ󣬶Ҳɫأָסɽ
һһɽ뵽˶ݵĽ״̬֮С
ͻȻǡžһ촫ɽҵĶһ£ٴʮףȻӲܵһָ
˳ʧȥһָɽɽͻһ㣬ʼˣ
ɽǣžž֮ܵĸָȫ˿ɽڷŴֱһ㣬֮䡣
ͬʱҶͻȻ̯˫֣ɽ·ȻȻɽ˹ȥ
˵ɫͬʱ䣬⻹
Ȼܹһɽˣ
䣡
Ϊָոձ𿪣ܵ𵴣ɽеٶʵ̫죬ûжӭɽ˸ţ


1246 Īʧ
ֱܱҷɳȥԶȻַ˻ɫͨ죬Ȼһײ˲СĿ
ֵ۹ļˣ޲¶֮ɫǶܵʵǷǳ˽ģȻȻҶϲ˿⻹ҶѾսսһұϽڸ˵֮¡
Ҷһ֣ܴϢĻᣬսٴʩչһɽ֣ܸȥ
ȻܻٱУҲ׼̧ȥ˫ۣݺݻ˳ȥȻʱͻȻ𣺡磬ģ
¡
ɽܵ˫ȭֱ֮ӺޣȻһѪȴһһ㣬ޱߵɱӱըɽ֮г˳
Ѫ·ᴩʣܸû뵽ҶȻὫһѪɫ۶ɵɽ֮УԼɽʱ򣬵Լ޿ɱܡ
üֱƴȫһ֮ӿֳһ⣬ٽһεĹ֣ͬʱ߾ܵȥҪŬıܿһ
꣡
Ѫ׵Ĵ֣ݿһ㣬Ʋɵǰֱܵұۣ¶һѪܵ˿ں󣬲»صҶС
ܣҶУһбɽУڶбˣȻްȴӿ˾⡣
ΪҳĺˣڻӵŵĵλɳĹȫ˳˳ˮܹ˿Ĵۡ
ΪδϣȻǽ߾ȫȻòϣȷǿΪгĻ䣬΢һıʱ򣬾ͻ޷ˡ
ʵȫ֣ҶδĶ֣ϾҶıϽˣսۿۡ
Ҷڲϵĥ֮һߵ죬˵սҲǴӷ˽һ·򵽻죬սḻϵܹġ
ʶҶܹ֮ڽشܣ׵ĶҡΪһһ˵ġ
˽֣һʧȥģʵ̫£ѾԤϡ
ҶĿ磬ܿеľ⣬ȻŹᣬЦһֻѪֽճȭٴγ˹ȥ
ͬսҶܾȻվһˣżĴһ磬˰
ͬʱʼոҲǳ˳ȥһӣһɰӿҪֹҶǰΣܾȻ
ҵĵλǱҪҪ̫࣬˵䲻ģֵܷҪһĻô˶Ըȥ
ҶһЦԭܵȭͷڿеת˸򣬸Ϊӭȭͷ֮磬ɽѪȻǼᶨƵļܴ˹ȥ
һ֮ͬʱֵˣһĻȷסˡ
˵ͬһõ͵ϮᣬҺļ˱˴˶һۣԼͬѡ͵Ϯ
ĸͬʱ˳Ÿû˿Ҷ˹
ɫĹâʱ֮ϣ裬٣ǿǵĺȺɽ𶯣رɫ
ļҺͷҵ˲սȭͷ¶ڴ˷֮ɫǷ·ѾԿҶѪԼǿߵϡ
ǧ˪ɫһݣ׼ܲ˵ĳȻоȻٴҶҪ
ǧ˪ɵһΨһ֮䣬һѾ
䣡
֣Լ˵Ĺײһ𣬷޴ıըȻһ̶ǰһԼ䣬ݷǰʧȥҶӰ
Ȼǲ֪ʵ˵УˣͬҶܶѾƾʧˣ
ֻ֮һղž޴ײ֮²ĺɫգҲӰ
أأ
һг磬磬ģ
Ҳͬȫ׵׷ʲô飬ô߸ͬʱʧ
ѵǵ֮У
һ仰ͽ˵ɫ䣬ǵգҪɾˣΪǲΪĿռ֮ţǿռ䱻˺ѺԼģ˿ռķ֮ʱܱϣû˿ƿء
գҲ߸һȥ
˶ԼԴˣ߸ˣ߸쾳ˣȻ͵ô˵棬Īʧˣ
˸еɻʱͻȻһҽһӰȻӿ֮ƾճ֣һ·˳ȥ˿˭ѾһѪ嶸Ȼʧȥеͬһʯͷһ·׹ȥ
ʱ˿òȻǸղ͵ϮҶļ֮һ


1247 ·
ĪʧĪĳ֣ȥ֮Ȼֱڳ֮˵жһֲӰ
ļѾȥ˵ʬסһ˿ϣʶɨʬüģͬƬĳ׵ס
⵽ô£
ļ̲סķʣȻȥûܹش
ͻȻһҽдһ˴֮Ī֣ȻͬѪǱȸղŵļҪǿ㣬ָſǸСպڶ磡
³ֺҲ޷˵ֱԵ۹ҵˡ
¡¡
Σһ춯صľ촫ⷽͻȻը˿ӱը֮Ӱһ˵ϱһˣҵŵȻˡ
˵̬Ǳ˼㣬ѪͷңѾȥֱѾӼ򴦶ѣ˿ڲƽǱԴӲĳһ㡣
үؼң
״ĳţ˱סˣֱ嵽ԼǰŻعϳһʯ飬һȿռ֮ų֣˵Ȼһܳ˽ȥ
Ȼ棬ȫ˿ռ֮С
ת֮䣬Ѿȫ뿪ղźһǸļˣҲѾ˲סȻûǾҲԶˣйͷȫ飬Ǳһɽһ㡣
뵽ɽ˵ǰȻֳ˸ղҶͬһ㣬һɽܵΡ
ѵ˵Щ֣ĶǱҶģ
ǣģǽֵսѲ֮С
ûļ˳ĵߣߣ
˼þûͷӬһжһŽҲѯʣ˭óļҵ־ֻа벽֮ңٶ˵һ仰ܹҵ
ļ׼ָϽ뿪תļҵʱͻȻһǡĹŹ
ѭȥֻڰ֮ϺȻݺύѷ죬˵ĸоǰһˤ˵ľӡ
䣡
ƺȻըһƬͬһ˷ȥӰֶ
ҶǸˣ
ҶѾָ˱òһѪɫ·֮ϾıѪȾ͸һɫе԰ףǳ֮⣬һ˺۶ûУץŵˣ֮Ǹһװ׵ı˪һ֪
Ҷ㵽׶ʲôҺļͬʱŭ𣬵ǺȴҿҶԼҲ֪ĺһʧȵٳʱѾһʬ塣
ҶһЦɿƣǸķ˶ʱͬʯͷһٵ׹䡣
磡
˳ȥסѾˣ궼ȫᡣ
Ҫɱ㣬ΪҸ籨𣡡
һ˲ܲ˵ĳҶҶûпһۣȻ̯ƣŵ˼æɲסΣΪҶҪ֡
ȻҶûгֻ֣ڵѪ죬
ৣ
һƿ֮Ȼ·ʮ˵ɫӰһȵȺ֮г˹Ҷߣܲϵ
ȥɣ
ʮ˸˷Ѫ춸Ȼ糤ɲǼ仯ʮ˸ļҺͷҵȫΧ
ʲô
Щ˲ʶѪ죬֮ɢǿֲ¶ȺȵĻȴǶʱ䤱
Ҷ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫҡҡͷ˵۹ļҵ˱뿪ҼȻ˵ˣȻҪڣҾ·

;ʮ˸֮г˳βų˷Һļҵǡ
һ̣˵ɫȫò԰ޱȣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻ˵زͬʱļҺͷô֡
ͷ̾˷˲ҽ֮Ҷһ˵֮⣬ĮȻעΣͬʱҲǽ߾ܵڴ߶ӷӳ
˵ҶҪллս޳ķôķ÷Ѫúõ˸ӶƷ׵ĻһܹסôķҺļҵˡ
˱ҶŹûбؽ֮УʱȫѾɵˣǰȼյĻ棬Ŵ˷ĺ֮оͬһʵ顣
ڣҶ֪֮Ѿûһ֮һ֣ʮ˸˷Ѫɻ塣
һ΢е̱ǵĽζһ紵ҽ裬ܿɢƬ֮䡣


1248 
ǻ𣿡
Ȼ˿Ҷɫ԰ףĻʣĽνῡȴҿһһû˷˳ȥ
ħỹδʽٿѾزٰۣ۹Һ͵ļңýʮȫҪַĶ󡪡ҶУò˼ͻᴫȥʱҲȻԭͰӿĻһȻ󲨡
ô˵ҶħѾʵˣ
֪Ҫһַǵ㣬ɱķΪǷħҲԼ˵ħ̤˵ʬ壬̤˵ѪһƷħۣ
ߵЩҵͬʱҲڰҶǼԼģΪ۹͵ļ󳬼ͷ죬֮ء
ԣҪһ壡
ڣ˶ˣͷβһ仰û˵ˣֻǲߣȻ뿪֮ǰĿҶһۡ
ΨһûߵģҶ֮⣬ֻǧ˪ˡ
Ҷǧ˪Цݵôߣ
ˣͻǧ˪ƿԼɴ¶žݣȻޱ飬ȴ͸¶Ĺġ
ʵ˭ܿĳҶѾǿ֮ĩͬһ㣬ʱпϨ
ǺսսһϽڵˣž֮壬ֺܵĸٴδսˣΨһûֱֻܺܵȴҲǿгϡ
ԷѪ콫Һļҵһѻճ˻ҽ
ˣ˶֪Ҷڵ״̬᧿ΣȴûԸðȥΪʱĴۡ
ģҵӲúܣ춼ң߰ɣһ϶ǰʱǿ¥δŮۺħͷһ𣬻ġ
Ϊǧ˪õʦĴУҶ֮нǧ˪ѣȫΪǡ
ǧ˪ȻݸһЦҾ͵Ůħۣ
ҶѾȫ޷ܾǧ˪Լ뵽һС֮С
˵Ҳ֣֮ҶﾹȻоһƽͰȫҲ޷ֿԼѷƣվڿоֱӻ˹ȥǧ˪ۼֿ죬סˤϡ
ԵҶǧ˪ûɵһ죬ǵһκһܣϾ¥֮ڶŮԣΪδŮۣ¥¶ҲǹмӣܻнӴԵĻᡣ
Ҷ˫Ŀյݣǧ˪ǰֳ˸ղҶһ֮ԿôֵӢˡ
ŮӢۣǧ˪λʵΪȻŮӣһҶȴһһʵжӰ뵽ķңȻ޷ٱе
Ƭ֮ǧ˪ҡҡͷɫ糺죬ҧסԼ촽ǧ˪ǧ˪ôˣҶˣƣȴ˼롣
˶ǧ˪Σס΢΢е¶ģæҶԼǼׯԺԼϢĴϡ
ôˣ˻Ĺ磿ܹ赲ҵʶ޷鿴
ǧ˪˶ŵҶΪ˾㣬Ҫʶǿг꣬Ҫ֪ҪҰ
Ϊ˵֪Ҷľǧ˪ԼʶǿдҶ꣬ȻüĽ⼴ҶüĵʱͻȻһ׹˳ȥ
ʱǧ˪оԼͻȻһƬѩ֮У֮ϾȻһ㵭ı˪
ǧ˪˸һ飬ڶһůĽɢָ
ʱǧ˪ҲڿҶͷ֮ϳһֻССĹޡ
ֻ޳ľһĽһ𣬲ȴһ˫ͬһĳ򣬴˿һ˫ԲС۾䱸Ķǧ˪ֻצ֮£ȻаƴСһ澵ӡ
ѽҶôһֻޣĵɰף澵ôƬֻϵƬһۡ
ۣ
ǧ˪Ȼɴ۾Ϊ뵽һֻڴ˵֮еʥΪ
ʱǧ˪Ƕڸĳһ޿Ƶı˳ǲ˼ľҪɫĲ۵ľӸȡ
ȻֻͻȻſͣ³һõİ׹⣬ӣ׹֮Уǧ˪Ȼ֣ҶȻվϴº͵ЦݣԼſ˫ۣƺ뽫Լ§ڻ
Ҷ㣬ʲô
Ȼǧ˪ĿзʣȴѾȫĿƣһҶĻȥ
ΪһУϣģ


1249 
ǧ˪ҪͶ΢ЦҶеʱͻȻҶȴͻȻ𣺡磡
򵥵֣ʱǧ˪ͷһ𣬶ǰ׹Ҳ֮ɢҶȻüͷ壬촽䶯ֻС޺澵Ѿʧ١
ǧ˪˰Σܿͨ˵ô¡
澵ľǴ˵еıϵʥ۾
۾صܹ󣬶Ҿ˵ܽӵ£ԶʱͿռ䡣
ⶼǴ˵ûжۼ۾һĻһʥޣΪޡ
ܹɹ⣬âֻֻ֮Ի飬ǧ˪ˣղųֵһжǻþͷųþĲǱˣֻСޣԱֶΡ
ֻ֮ԻĻþԭȴޣǧ˪Լ
ĻþǶԷĵһʵ뷨ı֣˵ǧ˪ʵϣղһĻþʵ
Ҷڻ֮кˡ硱֣ǧ˪ѣ˿ѾһƬ˪ΪԼղŵ뷨ͻþеıָеߣҲû˿
һɻ󣬾Ҷʲô˼
ӦһһŮ˵֣ܱҶڻ֮»ģ˵Ů˶˵൱Ҫ
ǧ˪һ˿ʧ䣬ԭҶȻѾǵԡ
ǧ˪ﻼûʧ˼˰죬˹ȻԵҶ̾˿ȥЩ߰⡣
ֲǰս֮ʱЩǻͻȻʧȻǽ뵽۾Ļþ֮Уָǿľӳճյľ档
ԼǼƷʦҲǺ⣬ϾȻ۾ֻڴ˵еʥҶҶ㾿˭жܣ
һȻ֮ǧ˪ҲȥҶˣҲΪеʧ䣬ҲΪԭ򣬾;ҶԱߡ
ʵҶȻˣǿټҩȪ֮ҲȷʵҪΪơ
һ֮ҶԼ۾һ״̬ȻͣȻ޴󰭡
ȻҶһ۾ͿԼߵǧ˪΢΢һЦӣҵĹˣ־һΣ
ǧ˪ƺѾʧ֮˳գգ۵αأҲҪʥ֮Ҽͺˡ
ʨӴ󿪿ڣҶЦѵѾˣʥǸǿģȻУʵ̫أҲ͸㡣
ǧ˪Ȼɴ۾ʥ
ȻװģҪҶ׻Լ٣ȻǣҶȻֱӾ˵˳ûɵһġ
ǰʥΪǶҲǳҪĲ͸㣬ֻܸһ¡
ҶѹûԼʥ飬˵֮󣬸ֱӴ󷽵Ľ۾˳ǰĵϡ
ʥʱǧ˪֮߰뷨׵˾⣬۾ɵԲеĿˮҪˣԭΪҶֻһʥ۾Ѿ컯ˣȻû뵽Ȼ
ҶѵǸȲɣ
۾Ѿˣǧ˪ֱŻ긫ȥȻƿҪʱ
𡱵һХһֻɫϻڻ긫ƾճ֣ſ;ǧ˪ҧ˹ȥ
ʥֳȻʥѾˣȻǲٽκ˵ҲС
ǰˣ񻢻Ҳͬˡ
꣡
Ҷæһ߳ͬʱڸͷһס˻꣬ǧ˪ҲȥϴŨŨĲʣϵſˮСŵû˼һ¶УֲҪǡ
ŮˣһõʲôӣݣλͳͳҪˣ
ҲΪ㣬ҶŻûж⣬Ϊ˵ǧ˪ԸֱˬĨǣˣ׳Ϊѡ
ҶĿѹ£ǧ˪Ըʥ֣úõ˸ɿ֡
ôõʥģ
Ҷ򵥵ĽԼõʥľ˵˳ǧ˪һĽû뵽ʥȻڷ˽磬ҪСĵ㣬û²ҪȻĻ鷳󡣡
ǧ˪ѣҶֻǵһЦԼ鷳
ǧ˪ʶĻ˻ֵˣҺܺ棬˭


1250 
ǧ˪ʳʱ򣬶Լ֮͸ɴĵͷҿҶ
ҶȴһȻû뵽ǧ˪ôʳ⡣
ҵӣô֪ģ
ӣ
ǧ˪Ȼ̧ͷ㶼ɹˣ
ǰҶ˵ͷǧ˪ķӦе֣ʲôֵҶʮˣײǺ𣿡
ȻҶŮĸȻڰ׳վ磬˿ûвǧ˪֮Ǹεʧ䡣
Ҷվǧ˪ˣлľ֮ҲøˣԺлĻԵ𡣡
Ҫߣȥģǧ˪ǻعҹ۹ļҺͽ˿϶Ĵ㣬һ¶棬ԻΣա
ҾңҲһͷڹꡣҶЦЦңǲңҲҪȥǡ
ǧ˪˵Щʲôǻȴ˵ڣֻܵ˵ͷȻˣҾ뿪ʲôҪҰæĻԵ¥ҡ
лˣ
Ҷǧ˪ʩһȻԼȥǲô˵ԼԵе£ǧ˪ȻԸվԼԼʮֵů
룬ҶȻóһƿһռ䳾Ȼȴװ²ٵĶ
ҶֻƿװһǾѪеѪ֮ˮ
ЩѪˮҩ֮ʱֻҪһΣóͳɵƷ״
ʲôǧ˪ɻĽӹƿ˻ΣܹҺζ
һЩҺ壬ֻҪһΣƳסһξ͹ˣҲûʲôЧ
ҲҶǧ˪ı㲻棬ƿѪˮֻҪ㹻ǧ˪Ƴɰǧ
Ҷ˵ĹЧǧ˪ȻǰŰɣʲôˮô棬ȻСĵ
ˣ
ǣԼĵ㣬ᡭڣ
Ҳǣ㽫Ҿߵλᱻ˿أڣ
Ҷ뿪ǧ˪һܹоȫƽ磬عŸʲô΢΢һЦ֮ϱָ˱䣬ԼҪͶ뵽޾ɱ׷֮ˡ
ȥأôĻ죬ѵûҵ֮𣿡ҶͷŲ񷣬һ̾Ϣǰ򣬱Ͼ̫ԼȥģҲԼܹһЩջ
ҶǰĹ̵УڷħɽϴɱķǽսԼҺļҵ˻ܽɱ飬ܿʹ
֮зӿľս۹ļҺͽҲֱɳǰħɽҪսµ˿ѰҵйҶ
˵λļδϣҲȥˣ
£Ƕڵһ貵£ߵﶼΪעĿĶȻڣȴΪҶԳɽ׷ѰҶ䣬ɼҶӡ
˿ʼԣʵѾͻƵ죬һ֮޵ֻ֣ҪҶôǱɡ
һһԽԽϣҶܹ£λԶΪһǿߵײʲôõĻ𻨡
֮⣬йҶҲ˲²۵Ļ⣬̸۵ģȻҶ
оǴӵͻȻðһ֮ǰʼû˵κϢȻһֱһˣ졣
òˣҶ϶սʹĺˣսʽżõ֤
ǿɲһ˱Ͳͬʱˣǵĺôһˣһô֣֮
Ҿпλħ֮һĺˣԸµķ񣬸ħۺ󣬶ԼԳΪħպҪΪħۡ
ʲôҲ˶ˣͬʱͷûлȥĿˡ
˵Ҷĳ֣̫𾪺ȴҲû˿Ϊʼղӳͷ׷ɱ
֮ھ˵УҶͻһһȻޱȣȴἫΪĶݡ
ڱοԼҶ˿ûзϣ˿ڲϵĸ·֮Уֱʱʶ˻жôӴ
ѾԽ˲ų֮ãһȻû붫ķΧҲ˵ҪﵽĻܽ˲ſԽľ䳤ĻڵٶȣŻҪ֮á
ѹ־첻˽أطҲ̫ˣҪǲʩչ˲ţƾɵĻƴӶɵҶϰʮˣ


1251 ּ
Ȼ·;ΪңԶǶҶ˵ȴҲһѵõ飬Ҫǣ̵УÿʱȥʵΪ
ʱ䣬ҶѾǰںħĳȻȷʵڶʱߵ˾˵ĳ̶ȣҲһЩ֢˳˵ģȡ
ָҲѪվȱǰı¶˳׹Ȼǿ󣬵ǵһز֮ҪҪٴͨѨλҪǿɲģ
ҶܹѾͨʮѨλд󲿷ֶѨȻڲϵżѡıѨλôȥѨλΪһ㷴ӦûС
ЩѨλһ׵޵׶һȴƲ˿ĲȻ
ȻںħĳܹͨѨλҲҶľ磬ҶֻʣĿųĿȫ֮ô죿
ˣҶǲںϳֻȾԼʯͨЩѨλĿų򲻵ѵʱǲ׶ˡ
Ҷһǰһ߲ϵżʵŸǧ˪ֿѾȥһµʱ䡣
һδ˲гʱ򣬺ȻԼͷϷʮӹԶ
һһ򼸸ڷУô磬˵дڳĳȥ
ȻҶٶ£ǺȴһӿȻıòϢ֮ҲɵУһȺһȽʵʵλ̨ô˼ææҪȥﰡ
˿һۺЦŵСֵһǸոճذɣô鶼֪
̨ۣСǸոճء
ɣǶȥͨĹȵģɳ˼°
̨ϸ˵˵ͨĹʲôط
̲סҶ´˰죺ͨĹȶ֪
ԴҶֻܱɵЦҲûм׷ʣǽͨĹһͨĺӣ˵Ǳӵף˳źˮߣܵĵظȻֻǸ˵棬Ҳû˭˵ǰ˾ĵظһʱ䡭
ȿȣ
˻˵һʱǰȻһͬʱһòϵ߻ͷһۣŵúֻ̱ͣǶҶ˰ֵ֪ľôˣ㻹ȥұ˴ɣ
˵֮ٲҶҶʮƣͲһ֪ǳʲôˣȴȻߣȻӦ˵ʦųˡ
֮£ҶֻȥȻôʣȴû˿ϸˡ
Ҷüͷĵ𣿲ʲô飬Ȼô˶ȥѵסǲңҾԼȥ
ҶҲˣβһȺ˵ͨĹȵķȥǣЩˣǰǸһһͣȻɢ֪ʲôȥˡ
Ҷɻˣ˵ͨĹȳ˴ôЩһȫȥͨĹȣͣ£
û˴·ҶȻҲ֪ͨĹģȥȻû˿ϸ¥֮УȻû̸۴£ҶˣĺҲǿҪƶƤˣ޲ֱץ˹ֱӲ鿴Էꡣ
ȻҲҶѡ
ҶͬһֻûͷӬһĳкߵʱͻȻǰһһˣ
һСѣһ˫Ĵ۾ĴҿСŮ飡
鲢һˣߣһˣҶע̾ͱ˹ȥ
˵òǳĿʷǷǴӻߵһһֲʵĸоҲûκεȫͬһͨˡ
Ҷ̶ֳȵĸȴĸоͬһڽе¶͸¶һΣյϢһʣؽʯ쾪
£
Ҷһھ͵˵ݣ
ļҵһȽȽ£ļңһеǿߡ
ûм֮ǰҶۻĲţȻ죬ˣ
Ȼ͸µʵΪҶƲĳܣսͬǧ˪ڣЩͬΪ֣δŮѡĿǣûµĶ֣
ȻҶͬԼҲĶ֣Ҳη壬ֻǿõĳ֣ӵĺ棬ʲô£Ȼܹļҵ˶˹


1252 
ϳãҶȻҲǰȥǴк
Լļ֮ĶԹԹʵ̫ˣȻһеĳԹʵļҵģԼҲȷʵǰɱļʮˣļԼΪжд̣޲ûԼԼ֣ǿˡ
֪һ֪֪֪Ļֻθ롣
ҶҡҡͷûٸöˣȻԶ룬ȴҲҪҸ鵥һ棬ΪģֻΪ̵İΣ
뿪ļ֮ҶעȻֻص﾿ͨĹзʲôµΪּ˸Ϥף˷ңҺͽȵȴˡ
ԼڲͬķΣԼݺ͵λǳñϡ
ʲô£ȻѾˣϧЩ˾ǲϿڰ
ʱҶȻǰһķ۾һ⣬βȥķȥҲܹһЩϢ
ķȻģ󣬵Ǿۼȴǲ٣ȻΪеľۼ˴˷ˡ
Ҷڶķĸ֮תƣ۾ŸָǶȴΧÿ˵Ľ̸
ȻЩǴĬһڱտ˵Ķйؼ飬ûἰĿġ
Ҷòˣɴཫעе˸ϣʼѰңûпܴ
ڣҪʼΪԼԺΪ׼ˣȻΪƷʦǻʯķ
ȻҶƷʦ൱ľ룬ΪͬʱСˡοܹ׼ȷжϳĺûʹµƷס
ķղصҪ֮ǰСеĶķҪõĶ࣬Ȼ۸ҲǹĶࡣ
˵ҪһƷʯ
ķ䣬һֱߵķ䣬ҶҶķ֮оȻ˺üܵҲֱӹЩ̶һʱͻʮƷʯ
Ϊ˱˵죬Ҳûеڼǽ˿ռ䳾
ȻȴһЩ˵ע⣬ΪǸ⺺﴿ģǳ¡
һˣڳ켣ڶķһЩ˵ŵķ
ǣҶ͸һȺˣԴҶȻȴϣ˭ҪɷǿϹˡ
Ҷ˶ķһ䣬ֻܹ߼һļ۸ȻҪٿƷʯ
Ҷ̻ʱ֮ãѡһ׼ǮʱͻȻ߽һˣţϰأȫˣ߼һ٣
һˣȻ̸ӢŨüۣ緢ΪͣĻȻҶзڵ˶ֱüͷ
߰ٿƷʯǿ൱һĿˣʵе˷ѡ
ҶüȴԼòһȴΪһߣҲ޿κΣȷȳ۵ģֻҡҡͷ̾ù׼뿪
ȻȻһ鶯ۣҸǮܲһ
飡
Ҷ̱ܷӦĵתƵһ۵Ľ䡣
Ȼö˲˽Цٻ⣬ССľĿɰޱ顣
ղλֱʵ΢΢һתȻļˣȻҪˣӣҪļ˵͸㣡
վȻô󷽣ѵðҲҪ֪ܲҲһ
һ˽ϵķҶһ˿ˣ
ҶɱЩˣǰòͬŮһˣҪǿĶ࣬ڽ뷿֮󣬽µ˵ͷǴ˸к
ɴ˿ɼʶ£ȴҲҪôŷҵҪôԼҲʵϡ
ΪյϵļһȻ󼷳һЦݵҲˣ˭ֲ֪Ĵ󷽣ӽһǧ𣬾ͲҪ˿Цˡ

˾ȻǷҵѹָҲ·
һЦִ֣ӲգôǰˣĪǿ𣿡
նͷ֮ϾȻкð޺һŵðɣּȻڣҲܲӣҲһɣ
ǺǣһˣЩͭһɫһִֻһϢ


1253 Ǵ
˵仰֮ĿȴΧһɨӷ˵ӹЩ˶ʱ׹κεĵ飬ȫһԲ˳ȥ
ҶԲ³մϢ϶ͨĹзйأȻϸŷԽԽ٣òȺ֮뿪ȻĻɻᱩ¶Լݡ
ھԵʱҶһۣҪǵĻᱻֻסˣϾûʶ޷ֱԺ
ǣȴĿһۣһ۲٣æͷ˳ȥ
뿪˶ķҶҲһ˸۵ĿջסмƷȻԱ˵ļ۸תһ꣬õ˰ٿƷʯ׬ʮ飡
ɱ˹ƶҪЦĺϲ£ˣҶȴΪĲ㣬̾˿ƷϵȣҲֻٿƷʯеȵĻ۸ͻᷭϰٱһ鰡һӦƷϧǸʲôոһ
ҶתſջȥȻոտҪջʱԺ֮ͻȻһҶ𣿡
ҶҲİΪ飡
ʶҶԺ
ҶмΪ𾪣֪ΪʲôϳԼҪ֪ԼڵòźϢԼȫմһߣȻʣ϶޵ķʸһİա
Ȼ𾪣Ҷȴ¶κεɫɻתͷܡ
װˣ϶ҶȻıòϢֻҪҼסˣҾͲϴģҲܵģѽȲ˵ˣҸˣͤң
ӵɻҶص˿ջĥԼϵҪҪȥΪܿһ塣
ǣ̬ȣֲҪԸԼ
գҹ֮ʱҶѡ˳ͤССͤУȻѾһССӰ顣
ҶʶſȷˣŪһܹԼ
Ҷ磡
鷢˻ĽֱӴͤг˳Ҷǰ˷ܡ
Ҿ֪㣬Ҷ磬û̫ˣ
򵥵һ仰ϤĳƺҶʱеķͬ¶Цݿ㲻𣿡
ҡҡͷҶ磬ʵҸ˵Բ֪үүڵѾҸͼ˵ˣϧǲţ㲻õģҿ϶˵ǵģֻʱ䣬ͱٶļҵ˳ˡ
ʵҶļ֮䣬ûʲôԹͳԼĪ磬ļҵҶҶԲ˵֡
һУͶΪĶף
ãҴӦ㣬ٶԸļˣˣλôûΪҶ
ûУûУλҲǾˣǲǨŭģںܺãʮλϰ޲꣬һʱܸԭˡ
Ҷ˵һĺϢˣ
ǵ޸ܷ֮ң岢ûҿ»ع塣
̵廹ѪС
ʱһ취͵ġһЦҶ磬ӴˣȻսĺ˰
Ҷһίʵôúõðôһ仰ʲô˼
㲻Ϊ˴ʥս𣿡
ҶӺͿˣôָԼʦֳ˹ϵѵͨĹзĴ£ȻԼʦйأ
飬ʲô£·˵أô˶ˣԸȴû˿ϸ˵׷ʲô
Цû뵽֪ʵ̫شû˸˵죬ڣǵңټ۹ҲҳһЩС֮Ϊ¶ǧˣ
ôˣ
ʲô£
ѹҶ֪Ϲŵһ澭𣿡
Ҷֹ֪ڡʵ̫ϤˣѾӵⱾžСֵĲбѰʣݡ
Ҷĺ޲ý꾾ϸ浽ЩʲôղŻ˵ԼʦйأھȻˡ档
˵顣
һγڴǰһ˾Ǵʥս죬˵ʥսͨĺУһǰͨĺͻȻһЩ࣬Щ࣬˲²⣬пս쵱ĹʾӼĹʾ֮Уû׼ᷢ֡
һ£


1254 С͵ʥ
ʥս죬սʽ
ЩҶԺ֮һƬͨһЩ顣
Ѫһ֮Уħ֮⣬ľλʦʦ㣬Ǿž֮Ȼһ·򵽵ڰֻдʥսһˣս޲ʤ֪Ĺսǿġ
ΪʲôΣ𰸺ܼ򵥣Ϊʥսӵˡ
ѪսĹԴڡеġħõĲȫԻǸȱݡ
ȻħֻǽϢĳ֮УҲ˵ûںϳˣµǶλԴʥս˵Ĵʵ;ȻӦܹо
£ÿһλʦʦ֮궼ŬѰšѰֲܹȱݵķǣĿǰҵӦֻдʥս졣
ûнѪսĹȫӵ˫սҲѪһŹƳħ֮ǿߡ
ܹõӵеġڵҶ˵ʵڵͬһʱ꣬Ҳ԰ı״
Ҷþò̲סʵҶ磬㵽ǲǴʥսĺˣ
ҶƭСŮԵͷҵʦ֣
ʲô۾ȫŵԲʥսʦ֣ǣǵʦ˭
ҶЦԴԺлĻһġ
ŶȻҲ֪ܹΪʥսҶʦˣݱضǼΪ⣬˵ǣ浽һЩܣҲûм׷ʣҶ磬ȥȥͨĹȣ
ȥȻҪȥ
Ҷ̧ͷѾ׵գɫᶨ
ֻǣͨĹȾĶ֪УΪʲôЩȫͣ£ֱӽͨĹأУǸʲôˣ
ƤһЦҶ磬࣬ҿҡ
ͨĹʵԶڴ˳˰֮ȫͣ£Ϊǰʱͨĺֵ࣬ͨĹȫ̮ͨĺӶʧ٣ȥҲûãֻеȵ´ٳʱпѰҵһЩ˿Ӷҵͨĺӡ
ǸգڻڿǸˣû֪ʦкˣһֿտգֻҪִӲգϢͨ˵û顣
С͵Ҷȵĵ
ûԼɲϣԷΪʥ֣ҲȷǳֻҪϵĶһ֣Գɹļң¥ң壬۹͵˭Ҳû֤֤͵ãҲûа취
ҶȻ̲סЦˣλȴǴ濴˲ţ۹͵嶼֡
ŵϢҲΪͨģû֪ϢֻҪ˵Ϣʮа˾ģڶķʱ򣬷ȻŻὫסͨĺӵ顣
ȻλҶӡԸͱˣһǸݽɫ
Ȼ˵Ҷ磬Ȱ취ùϵٶڵĴаҲҪСģײϣö׵֡
˵ɫȻһãҸˣҶ磬Ͻߣл㡣
仰֮ѾٵųķжȥҶеδҲϣֱԵ˵£ȻϢĻص˿ջ
ͨϺļ棬Ҷ˴ϢҲĸл֮£ȻԼ
ЩϢҶȻȥ鷳飬۵ǿʼĥԼҪ顣
ʥսĹʾӣҶ϶Ҫȥڴ֮ǰĽ飬λС͵ʥոùϵ
ڶһ磬Ҷ뿪˿ջֱӽеĵڶķ
ţλ칺߼ӦջСôпٴιٶķԼȻ£취ӽùϵ
ҶƲȷģ֮չȻģĴӶķſ˽緢ˬ
߽䣬ĳڳ˹˹ֵλ簡ûзʲôöҪǲҳֵľ͸ң򣬵ʱöҲǵô۱Ĳ࣬ʯ࣬ǧ˽
ĵʶˣ϶һٶǾ˸ԵĿռ䳾˸ԵĿڴ
ɴ˿ɼյʥ֮ʵ̫ˣ


1255 Ʊ
վĵط̻ԾóһտĴ·ǵ͵ķ
ȴȫ˶̬ȣЦеڷ֮ȥ²ĹۿŸҶע⵽ʵϸڿڿˣ
ÿעÿʱϵı飬Ӧ
Ҷһѵλʥȫ
մֱ߰ٿƷʯ߼ҶӦǺô㣬Ȼôô󷽡
Ȼյ̬ȴȻӦֻˣ˵ֻͨ˶ķӦжϡ
ʱߵһ˵ߣѾһͷаʱˣʮԣڶûзա
ն˴Ƭ̺󣬺Ȼֹס˶Էļֵܣ㿴ˣʧ󰡣û£һƷʯѣˣ
˵֮󣬸˷ӦĻᣬкķˣ˦һƷʯ
Ȼûϵˣһǵͨ죬ȴҲҷ
ֱóһżͷмĽƷ
С׬һ㣡
΢΢һЦͷҲˣǰȥ
ͨһĻҶϿȷղҲΪԼת˰죬ԼԼϵķӦŻֱʵ߼
Ҷӷɿת뵽һԺսʶİ취
ǽҶͿʼۿеΣ˵ֱӼȻǳҲС׬˵㡣
һҶȻɹһЩ˵ע⣬Ҳա
տҶʱһĨţĵĸҶ
ҶһԱߣ˫ۻüͷ΢壬һ˼ӡ
ȻһִֻҶļϣֵܣˣˣ
㣡
ҶȻתͷһŭעգȴǸѾ˦ʯ
㣡Ҷ¶һȵı߼
ֵܼٺ٣ң˵лл㡣һ˵һֱӼ
Ʒ
׬Ķ˵㡣
һЦĽǼȻҶļֵܣл˰
˵תߣҶ޺޵ĵıӰҲת뿪һ䣬ת˸Ȧָ˹ȥ
ҶﰵЦҲϹˡ
ķ֮УҶųΣһһƷ
յͶֵúϲ£ˣҶȴߵĵͷߣʱԺҲյĴֵܣûȤǺ
ûʲôúģ
ҶܹݣͷҲصļߣȴǺֱӸ˳
ֵܣ߰
ʲôҶûĵ
ǮأǮ࣬ѡǮ֮Ƕ԰֣ôһǮóܰװ׬һѶѵʯֶΪأ
˼ҲȱǮ
ȱǮҲûϵҲУˣ˵ֵܣᣬʵڲǼƷʦǲʲôؾ˵£ģҾԲ˵
ұͲǼƷʦ۾еڲͬѡ
ҶһɣȻû뵽֮ȴһסҶ˫ֱĿҶ۾
ûʲôͬ
Ҫ㿴ǻʲôڲͬһ£鷳ˡ
ҶֱԽգ뿪ȴû׷ƺ˼ʲô飬Ƭ֮׷ҶȻʶķʽֵܣ˵ģǺһƱģô
Ҷװĵӵʲôģ
ѹʥսĹʾӣ
仰ʱҶͣ˽Ų˵ľϲԭֻմϹϵû뵽ȴ¡
˵ϢͨǼٻȻ֪йδʥսĹʾӳһЩϢ
ô˵
ȴ˹ӣȸң۾ʲôͬ
Ҷεת飬̱һֻֻۣ˵ڤۣܿһЩ˿Ķ
ܿ𣿲̫಻ᳬס
Ӧÿԡ
̫ˣ
˷ܵһĴȣʱһЩ˵Ĺע
ߣֵܣҸطú̸̸ƱҪˣⱲӶóˡ
ǣҶյ֮£ư͵ĸ뿪ǣųȥ
ȥģ
ͨĹȣ


1256 ˴
ͨĹȣͨĶΪһ˵ܹͨĵظĺӣѾһƬ档
ɽ嵹׵ĽɽȸûۿȥֻľʯһˣȻҲ޷
ȥʯ֮⣬ҲκεĶ
վϿգҶĻֵɽ̮ͨĺӶʧ١
һôƽʧֻ˵Ǳʯڸ
Ȼ֪ҶһЦſڵֵܣӦ˵ɣǲΪͨĺֻǱʯڸǣȻɽ֮У
ѵ𣿡
Ҷһ֪ջл
ǣպܿ϶ĵͨĺӵȷʧˡ
ô֪ģ
Ȼҵİ취Ҳ֪ʧˣ֪ŲֻͨͨĺӣҪͨƬɽȣټŴĽƺ󷨣ƾһ֮ǲܽģұҪҰ֡
Ϊ˰Щʯ
ҶԼԼϵˣȻԼǿݣҪôһƬľʯҲüµʱ䡣
ȻǣһЦΪ۾飬ĸֵ֣ܶģȻ˻ΪǴ͵ġ
㻹˱ˣ
ҿûңԼҵģٺ٣㿴ǲ𣿡
ɲ֮䣬ǿͬ˷һ绮ƳգƬɽȵĸ
Ȼͣڳеĸˣ˷Ȼ¡ˡ
ǧͬʱ֮ϣһʢ
ҶʱȻʵֹԼеÿһ˹ƶҵսʾӵϣյϣʼնڰжһһԼͨĹȣȻ˵ĻɣЩ˶಻סȫˡ
ȻеǿƴյǰɨһҶ֮󣬾ûжע⣬Ķյ֣㣬˵֪ôԼˣôıأһ£Ҳ±
ⷬҶǰüȻΪ˵ʵ̫ˡ
ȻȴǺ⣬ٺЦӣ㿴ǲǶ𣿡
ߣ
Ȼһ˵Ѿͬ˵ߣҶһֱۣӶյգȻǶˣǲǿ˵֪Ϣˣ
£ȻԶǻһеĶǿߣ˽ҶհΧȻ˭Ҳûж֣ݷְȴͬɽһһֺصѹ
ȫӣɫҲ˿ı仯ҶȻҲη壬ǿǵԼݣòװһܵӣüͷ壬Ť
µ⣬չɨһܵ˵̫࣬Ҫ˵ֺͷ֣ѵͲ±𣿡
ºͷȻͬʱһЦȻҲ˵ƾᣬΣ

նŷȻĴָðɣȻˣҾʵ˵ˣͨսʾӵڣȻɽ֮С
Ļո£ΧЩŷȫ·ɽȣٶһȺѾóԵ׼Щʯ
յɫȻһ䣬ͻȻʧȺ׼֮˵ǰžһžžž
Ⱥ˵ʮʱȫԭأеѾȫʧ˫ֿտա
ӻû˵꣬ǾҪ֣ôżȥͶ̥
ͬһǵǰнʮָˬĳȺ˴
һĻ˵жǴ𶯣ҶҲ⡣
չȻΪʥ֮ĳٶʵ̫ˣڳôˣܹģʮһܹ˲֮ڳֶʮģᳬ
б鲼ƺͷӡƿһСģܽȫԼ˾ˣҪǣŲǻͷǵɣ
һȺͬһ㱻մȴǸŭԣΪǵΪԷŭˡ
սеʮһףĳ˵սĹʾ֮ԸôҶûڴ֮ǰǱҵģĻھ͸ҹûĻһɸ˵
Ҫ֪ĿɲǵμӷħνῡܣΪܹõɳĶǸ֣ʵεҲһڣǿߡ
ȻյĻ֮ÿȴǹԹԵɳһˣİŵǲ


1257 ˿
ѾΪһƬͨĹУһʢû˻š
ǣڳ䵱ſڲܶ£Լ˫֣һİɽеľʯ
պҶվһ𣬿з˴ӵȻҡҡͷ̾˿ϧ
ϧʲô
ϧûºͷȻҲȥ
ҶЦԷǣҲֻܹóδȥ䵱ҶЩҲûκεĺøУյΪθڡ
֣˵ģһȵɽˣȥ֮Ҫʲô
սҶʵʦ֣ԶµĶܡĶסķӣҶ뱻κƻսս죬ѾҶͽܣһжӦùսС
ҶҲ֪ƾԼһ˵Ҫô˵棬ʦµһУǲܵ£ֻܼ£ĴҪĶ
ȱżȵҵʱ˵ĦԼ°ͣŲԶ֮ʱʱԼһ۵ºͷȻһЦңһеǿˡ
Ҷ仰˼Ҳȥ룬ǽע·ɽ֮У˶󣬸οôһ붯֣ת֮䣬ʯѾһ룬¶˴Ŀյء
տдʵˣˣӦÿˣ
Ҷʵ˭ˣѵҪ𣿡
ҶļСֵܣ㻹̫˰֪˭Ĺʾӣʥս찡һ·򵽵ڰĳǿߣ񻰣ûд˵еġһжκĴѣǰŶˣкֵܶġ
˵ʵҶе㲻յĻ۹ҳҺң壬ļҺͰңԼ壬ټһЩȻͷʵҲ̫ʮеȻ֣
һʱȥʯѾɾҶȻ̧ͷʣǿȻ˵ˣдˡ
һֻͨɫľ޴ƿնվ˶ʮӰ
һҹϵľ޴ս¡죬ӿս֮ͬӰܶ
ʮͷշɱÿֻ޵϶һˣ
кܶûгйߣԼжˣ
һˡһ޴ĲɫƶλƵƮ˹ƶ֮վһȺˣϸǸʲôƶ䣬ֻ۶ɵĳơ
ҶעȻֵĳΪ뵽Լڷ˽һλѡľĳʥʹ壡
ԣһ㣬һһĽЩֶ˳ͽ壬幫ҡҺţг壬ħ壬Ӵ۹ҲʶԼ˲ˣؼҺͰ׼Ҳˣ
壬ʥ޽ĺᣬʵȽ½ֵһλĺˣ˵սҪ幫ңڷħɽٸַħԯ콾̽۾ǼңңҲһλֻۣϧս촦ͬһʱսУǼ˿Ϊ˻ٵսĹʾӡ
ţȻǵ壬Ǿ˵һԴϵ֮ţأиħ壬ԭħеĶȻΪ׷ԯ콾ţʮȥȴҸȼǿѾԺ۹ͥ񡣡
壬ԭΪܵչ˶ǿʢҲû˸С
һ֣ҶڵѪһڡ
Щ֮УԼĵˣҲвٺѪһŴ۸ӵĹϵǵѲ˵
ô˵ЩպܿܽҪΪԼƷ·ϵĶֻѣû뵽һԵļôࡣ
ͬʱȻҲעŸϵЩˣޱɨһȦȻûҶȻųսĺˣô᲻֣
ЦеĵҲ̫ˣ˰ɣ
ֻһ˵
ȻˣǱ˴֮ȴǸʶһ˭ҲûпڣȫվЩ޶ѻȸ
ȻੲݵĵֻûˣȻĻǻ궼ѵһʢֻϧûսĹʾ֮ǰЩ˲ܻදֵģȴһãҲټ֡


1258 ĵظ
ȻΨ²ҵˣҲ֤ˣĻ죬һƬӿӿ棬һҶ
ԴҶе㲻⣺ôôأⲻսĵλ𣿡
ۣС۶֪ʧˣûۻ˵أ
˵ʲô
Ҷͷ𣬻ѵûۣ۹ҳô£˭ǵıǳǣҳۣ
⵹ǽΪʲôĻڻôǿͬʱڣ۹ԴȴŲʡ
ʲôҲû˵
ҡԴڶ˵һ֣ʱңңѯʣգɽѾˣھģ
Щ˾ǰʯͷȺˣƽĸݣȻû뵽ȴյ˿ʹһ޵öҧгݡ
ż
ҶͨĹȵϷ
ֵܣڤۿƬʲôͬ
ͨĹȣԭȵѾ˿ֻһһʯҳ˶ӣǸովһսһ
ҶûʩչۣʶƬ̽ȥһֱ֣ΪʲôշҪһܹصҪ֪˵ˣǷʿҲ׵ԸֶθоµΡ
Ȼʶ̽뵽֮еԭʶĸӦ֮£֮¾ȻһƬޣʲôûС
ţҶһֻۣ·ȥһжȻһ
ѵоĵظĴڣ
ĵظһ˵ͽ䣬ҲǴ˵κ֮궼Ҫǰһط
ᾭֻأͶ̥ӵµ޾ֱֻء
Ƿ˽ĸС磬Ǿ죬йھĵظĴ˵û֪Դ
ʿ˵ͲĴڣֻأǺαػҪ׷У׷ֻҪ겻𣬵ھͲ
ҶõѪ֪ѪһΪʮ֮󣬻ΪѪ䣬֪ȫֲͬĴڡ
ȻڣղſĵµΣȴ̲ס˾ĵظĴ˵
㿴ʲô
ֻҶĻ̲סСĿѯʵ
Ҷ̧ͷֻͬ˸Ų֪ĹâעյҿһȺƼУղȱͬһûʵġҲǹഫģ
Ǿڵ£
֪һȫʧˣ֣ͨĺӾʧʲôطǷͨĵظ
ͬйâͨĺʵȻͨĹУʵսĹʾһУͨĺӱⷽڣ֪ô£ǰʱͨĺҲ뵽һ磬Ҫľҵڡ
һ˵Ҷİ̫ǧ˪ǶԼһ磬ôս콫ԼסһУҲʲô˼顣
ôң
ݵƵңҲ֪ʲôеƵͿûͬһ壬ҵǵĽ㣬ң
ڵ̫𾪣ҶЦԼԵó󷨣ɱ֮꣡
ֻû뵽վȻҲ֪Ӧ޷ԼܹʵĿ͸ӦԲŻҪԼ
ʵҪҵĵطǵ֮Ѩ
Ҷ˵ȷ׾ٵ飬ֱ䵽ɽ֮УĬĬһһ߹۲졣
ʱ֮ҶСҵˣǸ£Űңô죿
ȷ𣿡
ȷ
Ҷ˿϶Ĵ𰸣ͻȻɤţſԹ۵˴ҵˣڴ·ң֮ͨͨ󣬾ܽ뵽սĹʾˣмǣֻܹһǧ򲻿ɹطȻƺ󷨷˭Ӳˣ
һ£˼ͬʱˣȫҶѰҵĵ֮Ѩλó˹ȥ
ҶԭΪջʲô취Լ͵͵Ƿ磬ίʵûϵվȻôһ֣֪ͨˣ
ôһﻹֵԼҶһʲô
ճգգ۾õģǴʥս磬Ϊôýȥ˵ղ㲻ǿǾײײ
¡¡
ͬʱǴӷ˹˴˼ֶСģŸԵӳȥ
˶󣬼˲Ϣ֮䣬ǴȻͨ˽׵ȡ
ͻȻһɫӿӶг𣬳ǰļʮ˸ײУɲǼķѣûͶ
ͬʱһ֮˲ɽȣǿǣ̲ס˸
˷ӦƬضȻʼ˾ҵ𶯣·ǧڼоһ㣬¡¡ľ졣
䣡
һӰȻɫ֮Ҷۼ⣬һ۾ͿӰԼǰۿЩңоȻһ죬дһɷġս֣


1259 
˵ɫ䣬˭Ҳû뵽ͨսھȻֹŹֵĴڣǿŵɫдСսֵĴ죬Ǹ﷢
ѵʥս컹û
Ǵ󲿷뵽ĵһͷ
ܣʥսǰɻڣҶ˵ڹھʱ򣬱УҲⱲΨһһܡ
ʲôˣ
ʲôɱ˵
ɱϣڿǸ־ٴĹ֮ʹɱ֣ȫ
ȻȴǼΪݣʶֱӶ˿
ͻȻ¡¡ľӵ¼йͬɽһӿգղŻǬվͱīڡ
Щڿзϱ״Ȼ۳һƾɼУղȱĹ
ɰǧǧɽҰеˡ
ʱڶ˺Щսһ
Щûʵ壬һΪ뺷ηȫֻأ֮£Ƭ̼мʮ˱Ǹɱ궼ǿա
⣬ⶼǹѵͨĵظ
ͬҶһɻһʱ侹ȻЩľս
ʱ򣬽һλͻȻڵʲôĵظǸǹڤ֮۶ɵ飡
˵ͬʱߵ֮ɢ⣬ͬһС̫һ㣬Щ飬ʮ־ֽ⣬׷׺ˣתˡ
Ҷͷ֪˵ĶԣΪҲоˣ˿̴ӶӿĺͬԼѪĸܵǹһģһֻҪŨĶ࣬ڤ֮
֮Իڤ֮ΪһֽڤʯĶͷŶȻսסдڤʯ
ңû뵽ǣЩڤ֮ʵ̫̫ˣھȻӵʶ壬Ϊ飬Ե֮飬֮顣
治Ǵʥս죬ʧˣҲܹԼ֮вô飬ػסأ̳־սΪսؼ԰
ѾҶ˵Զ̲ס˸п֮
֮УȻڤ֮ӿ޾һ㣬һ棬ͻ˸飬ޣдı
ͨĹȷ·ı˾ĵظ˹磬󣬺ˣҪнȫɱɣǵһ֡
Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬼˶Ѿʼ֣ȻҲΧ
ֵǣΨպҶʼûκε֣гģҲǿһֱ뿪
ҶʮΪԼ̫Ӱռ֮ڤʯеڤ裬׵ĸıʣЩڤ֮۶ɵ϶Լͬࡣ
һһģҶû뵽Լһ٣ȴԼڲͬơ
ȻҲʶ㣬ҶɨһۺСֵܣǿˣ㿴ҲһˣǾôԹۣ˵ᣬûǶװװӰɣ
ȷѾ˷˲鹥ϵ
ã
Ҷ˵ͷ˳ȥķȻӵ֮ȻԼη飬Ϊβɴ˶סʱȳСȥܹõʦĶ
֮Ҷյһƾ⣬ɵĽ
䣡

ֹ֣Ҳɱķ˿񣬷ĻɱЩ顣
Ȼ鲢ʹսǵʵ̫࣬Ҳη˫
ӹȥѾ˱ն⽴ȻʧҪʮ㡣
ڣʼ٣ΪѾ⣬ӷĻɱ飬Ҳ˱źҶͬ뷨ҪŻս֮У뵽ս֮УԱߴڴȥ
ȻҶٶ죬ΪҲۼһЩ飬ʵ϶ųЩġ
һվûôˣʵǿ󣬳磬ǰٶҲʱһһߺҶ죺˵ֵܣ㣬ȵҰ˵˺ģɲ̰ܶ
֮⣬Ȼڵ»飬󣬻һͷˣԼһǧĵŮӺһֻ˱Ľڣθ档
Ҷ˶֮Ȼ˿˿׼ʱͻȻɫһ䣬ȥһ¾ײյϣ˵ɳȥʮԶ
ֵܣʲô⡭
յıԹû˵꣬䡱һ죬֮ٴγһűǰҪŨĶڤ֮
Σڤ֮ȻŸ޵ʿսһأ


1260 
ǰЩΣκѾ˺Ĳˣԭ˶Ϊ⣬Ȼû뵽Ȼֳôʿս߳һأʱ˸оһ˿
ôô飿ɱôֳ࣬ô࣬ж٣
òͨ˾ĵظɣЩ޾ɱ֮
ôϻˣԽ࣬˵սĹʾ֮صĺöԽ࣬Ȼôܻᰲôػ
𣡡
ʿЩͻȻͷĺ㣬ճȥ
Ӳڿ֮Уĺ֮ɢڤֱ֮òֱըѪ⡣
ʿ۳һƬ֮֮ңһȺ˵׵屻ȺʿΧȻ޷ֿѪ䣬ɣתۼͱ¾˸ɾʬ嶼ʣ¡
ʿǰոǵ
Ȼܾ¾׷׷ʱ˭Ҳʵ˴֮侹ȻʼֿС
ȫų⣬֮ʿǱεסһ㣬ʱʧȥжվԭһһֻ̻࣬ѩɫſһëһУżڿΧЩʿϷ޴ĳһȣͻʮʿ
ļҵһλߣɫ֣صȡһƬƴСĴɫҶ̹˸Ըſ˳ȥ
Ҷڿ˲󣬻һƲʣҶֳ֮һâֺ·ŴҶ֮оȻһĵо֮
ͬǧʣ쳹Ƭأ޺Ƕ˵ȴ˺ʿ壬Ȼըޡ
òļҵĵ۾ҶɣǾȻ˹
ôܣ׼䲻뿪壬ỵ̈ⲻǷƵԿ˼ļµĵ۾ͬͬ졣
Σļҿ¶籩¶Ƶ
أѵûǿĺ𣿡
ļչֳǵķƵĹ߳һòõˣһɫ磬һۼ֮ء
䣡
ɫ綸Ȼһɫǣȫ֣֮׷ӴܣҿһСıУ̷һҽУɢޣĽҪǿ౶
ڻ֮£ݣۼ֮أ֮أ̼㱻ԻС
Ⱥ֮ϳ˵ݵպգͬºͷȻһͬǿǿߣǱһ
Ľɫ磬Ϊϼ⻪ǣӦޱȣȿԷҲԹУ򷨲֣ǳ
Ȼٲ˽ʱʼѹЩʿ
ͬʱҶȴǳ˲ٴγ˶֮棬һ䣬ֻǣҶ·ˡ
ֵܣҪȥ𣿡
ȻҶѾҪǹӲŵҲͷѵ㲻ȥ
Ȼ룬˭ȥҾ֮ⷽп²ֻһϾʥսɲͨˣܵĻûЩ˴ͷǸںհ
Ҷ⣬˵ĻȷеԼ飬ǲζžͲĶ
ȻʥսԼʦ֣Ҳ֪ԼʦܵĴڣΪԼһȫڣӦû
ø˳ǰ棬ȻԼܹȫһõʦĶĿҲСˡ
Ƚȥ˵
Ҷ˶֮Ϊ˱Ƭ̲˽ȥһҧȻҲ˽ȥ
ˣգڻսУҲ˫۾񿴵ȻȺ˶ڣЩ˶ʱˡ
Ȼһֳһ⣬һɨųʮɵĹâ˲Լǰһ·л׷˹ȥ
»飬ͷƬ۾Ҷͬಽ
ҵĹĺԼǿȫս˲ɱķ˶֮
ԭЩڶ˭Ҳϵһȥһ˳룬ȻҲ
ৣ
һڿлǸȻɢ˿˿ڤ֮Ķڣ


1261 ս
һڰ磬ХɭɭȻҲɽҲľֲ˵Ļ֮£һжһɫӰͬӰޱȵĿ־塣
ҶһֱԼ۾ѵǴʥսĹʾ֮أ
˵̫֮ӰӰסĵطǻпԭôʥôҲסֻ֮У
̫ǧ˪ӵеһ綼ɽˮ㣬ﻨ㣬漴ʲô˸оĿ
ȻսӵеⷽȴɭֲȻҪĶ࣬ԽԽ˸е־塣
ⲻҶԼʱǸվĵظĵ磬Ų֮
սҶ룬ǰһĻͬŴͣ󣬷Ȼ£飬ĺҲȫ˳˽˿̼һı顣
е㲻ŤһôоǾĵظòᴫ˵ͨĺͨľĵظָǴʥսסɣ
һ仰ˣգæתͷĹˣһɫĺˣΧ磬ͬһǺһɽ˿
ɫصĵͨĺӣȻѾ
ͷĿӣҲĺüͷ΢ʥأ
սסͽдʥӣȻû˼൱ЩʵȻǱŴʥӶ
λǧĵŮȻЦһʥӿ϶֮ⷽУһλǷֿѰҰɣܷõʥ֮ȫƾԵʵˡ
ԳǿߣΪʵҲǸĪ⣬ǧ˪֮¡
Ҷ̲ס࿴ۣһԵշ֮󣬺ٺЦŴֵܣСĵŮˣóһֳ֮Ȼޱȣ֪ܰݵʯȹ£̫á
ʵҶںԵ֮ԻעΪݣһʦŲһĹϵ
ߣ
ڳĻȻһһҪɹǰʮͨĺӣȻոɫһ䣬ԭء
˿Ȼı飬¶ɻ֮ɫܿ죬˾Ͷôˡ
ȻнƣȻǷеòõĹüͷ
ܷɾͲܷɣý߾ǣ
һЦڴֳһӰף߹ɣһ˫۾ͭ壬쳣͡
ĺɨһۣЦһħб߰
ħǷħǿߣĺĻԴһ߾ߣ
˵֮󣬹Ȼ󲽣һǽ׵ľ룬ֱͨĺС
źˮûħϵЦͻȻס͵طһ𣬡¡һ죬ͨĺˮ֮ըһĶһι״Ĵ㷭ŶƤ
㳤ɣڷʱѾˣȻǱħɱġ
ȻйŹ֣ɵ·
˵һɭˣҲոմڴ˿Цעħ
ҵǿֻǼΪ˱
ҶݣҶʱȻҵսУǶսǺ֮ǣò׵ȵսĹʾӳȻϷŹᣬҪ˻ٵԼ汨
ҶɨһȦǰЩڵῡܣ۹ķȻļҵº飬ҵ幫ҵĹĺĳħħ
ȻԼλʥգ
Щ˵󣬵һѾǸ֮е̳δۣŮۣȻʵе㲻˼顣
Ⲣǻĸˣ󲿷ֶǶģйħ˳֡
ҹˣλһˣ
ʱħѾ˳߹ͨĺӣվڶ԰˻ֱ۵
ȻħȵǣҲٵԻԼ壬Ⱥ̤ͨĺӡ
Ҷһˮģնûз֣˿Ҷ΢΢¶һ˿ĵЦݡ
ΪɿԷУ
ⷽõĽƣԵˣҲҪܵƵӰ죬޷УҶˣǷˣͷβķˣ
ԣĽƶЧһϣѾҪռһ൱ơ


1262 ս
ȻͨĺеȷһЩ͵Ĵ㣬ǶҶЩ˵κεв׵ľͶɹȥʱħҪߵĿˡ
ħı͸ߴ󣬶ħߵ˺岻ñȽ⣬Զߣ²ܷУȫ֮£Ҳٶȼ졣
ϵϣ˲ԼͬѡһȥƺΪ˱Լߵ·ϻˣֻҶȻС
ձȹͲ³ҶԲԼ򵥣˵ԼʵȫҶԼȻϺֿ̬֮ҲǷ£
Ҷ᲻֪յ뷨ҲһΪյͬźܶܣһ۹ȥ͵ˣĳ˵ԼһЩ֮ͬ
ҶѾߵѡĵ·ͷӶ԰ٴδ죬ѭȥֻ˾ȻҲѾ׷׳ȻѾЩʿȫ˸ɾ
ԭСһǧ֮࣬ھⳡսɥʧһ֮
ֵܣҪǵȵǣܾе㲻̤ʵսĴʥӦòôýġ
ҶҶͷҲָоǵҵʥ֮ۡ
ԾŨڤ֮ȻԶӰ죬ȴҶҲŲ̫õĸо
䣬תһɽţͬʱͣΪǰȻһ޴ֺĹȸߴʮ׵Ĺţ
ͬʱǲ֪ѡµˣתһɽ֮󣬿ÿһ˶Թš
Ǵʥӣ
Ȼǿ϶ģΪ߹ڹ֮ϵǿϣдһġս֣
ԾȻһֶѣȴ͸һŨŨս⣬ҶڵѪҺʼڣҪսһĳ嶯

ͻȻһƷϮҶ΢΢һڳֹԼĳⲻˡ
ƷҶϣȻһս⣬㣬һֱӻȭӭȥ
䣡
һͬʱ
ÿսֵˣһѡ񷢶˹ֻúҶǻ๥֮⣬˾ȻǸսַ˹
Ҷֱֻ֮ϴһʹѾʵʵĶһƣֱӱɳȥʮԶϵٶŤһ
Ȼʵɲ⣬񴿴ĹҶĶ֡
ȴǵͺһʹӵһԾٴζҶ˹ȻǻȭҶȻҲǼֿȭͷ֮ȻһƬ𺣡
ˡһҶͻȻ˹
ƶֱӶյĹͬʱӴף֮յĶдһѣ
һ̶ͨһһƨ˵ϣԼֱĴʹֵܣңˣ
ҶµĿһǸսֵǶʥսӰ쵽ˡ
ʥսʵ̫ǿˣ֪ڶǰдµһֶѣ̺ս⾹ȻԻס˶ˣҶײʩչսʽӶ˹֮ƱҪһ
պεȴҲǰʱٿǸս֣ǶҶֵܣܸܲҽףǲҶ
ղ³ԼݣҶȣΪ綼˵ԼսʹĺˣôԼͨĹ֮ǲĹܴսԻ֮ѹȻղµԼս϶йϵôԼҲǺ֮
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˭أҪ취ʥӣ㻹Һˣ
һվ˵ɣô죬Ҷġ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷ֣˵ˣӦģ˭֪Ϣͨûһգôܻ
յԲ۾ĶҶ˰κҡҡͷŵģߴˣ
Ȼ˵ʮ˸Իȭͷ˹˹
ˣҲǷֳ˺üһǸս֣ȻҲ̱ԻסˣսʹҶնˡ
մһֵܣסǣ취ʥӡ
仰֮󣬾ͼŵͬĨһ㣬ٵĳ嵽Ⱦ޴Ĺ֮ǰҶһѾ嵽ǰʮˡ


1263 ϼ޻
ҶЦãϼ޻ԼԸôˣ
ڸȴȫ׷Ѱǿ߶ȥڳĶһЩСˣǿ󣬶ֻǴټǱԻҶӦ
飡
һƵײҶһʮȫɳȥתͷմеģ㶯㣬ҿɳŲ˶á
ҶһתͷȻվоȻһ̣дʵĶ˳߿ȥڹ۲Ƶ
ҶӿȷӦúԼһһ㡶ˡеĹ۵ڸĵƲʥӵķ
ʥȻǰýźҲĳȻƣԵƽҲЧķ
תۼ䣬Ⱥɵֳ˹ǵˣҶҲ˲ٹգʩչƶֱӳȺУȫΪԽȡʱ䡣
Ƭ֮մžϲҵˣ
㹻ûԼ͵͵ȥ
ҶæȺг嵽յߣֻս̶׼˹ŵ½ǵ㳯ȥӦþܴ򿪹ţ㵲סЩˡ
˵֮չȻ󳷣Ⱥ״転ˡ
ΪҶΪжҵڣû͵͵ȥסˣҪԼȽ
ҶȻܹյĺ⣬ָĵطȫһȭ˹ȥ
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ҶŭĴΪʲôҪԼȽˡ
ʥǴʥսĹʾӣ϶ҪⷽڴյȻԼԷԲŻ󷽵ҶȽ
ҲҶû뵽ô࣬ΪΪԼ룬мڵǸŵķľ޸ͷƤʱֱ޲ýմж˿飡
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һЦʶֵĪⲻûʵ֪㲻£Żڵġ
ȷṥҶҶˣˣҶҲǺݺݵһ顣
ֵܣȱȥǰ˷ǴڣҲͬʱ֮󣬻ͻʧ;ͬ鵽һ·ϣԲ÷ȻЩȥͷǵȴһٽȥ
ȻԼⷽĸ򶼴ɱ֮ȻҲ˴Ӵʥг顣
ҶݺݵĵһۣջǾȲŽȥ֪֮⣬滹ʲô
ȫ½ʮ飬ȫ׸ߣҳ壬ͬҰһӵ
ʱЩԭսԻǣŹŵĿҲȫָѣһ̣ԸԼȻ־壬ҲԸѵȺȻЩʿҪǿˡ
ɱ
ǰǸˣȻһ˺о޸ݺ£׾ͽһΪ롣
ĺɱٴһ춯صĻսڴ˴չ
ҶնڴŵĽ֮ǰѪɵĲҾ磬ĵȴš
Ź˽ʱ֮󣬴ʱʮѾɱһ룬ԶɱҲСȥҶȻգ
ȴǺ⣬ȫʲô¶ûзһЦеĸҶ
ȻյƷ⣬ڴʥӵжȴûдģĸĸλõˣֻҪŴ򿪣ʥ֮󣬾ֻ۵һֱĴ·֮ϡ
ϣǽϵɼ߰ѪͶϱ۲֫Լһ߾߸ոȥʬ壬ǰԼкɱȻȳĸ֮
ԵõĵֵܣҵûɣЩĸǰ޳Ϊ̽·ǵΣվͽͣһǾͻˮ㣬̶پ̶ٰɣ
Ҷûüͷۣͬʱʶ۵״̬ΪԴӽԵĸоڤ֮øӵŨ
ĲˣֻǷ˽ʿĻôǰˣҲ޷ֻ֮Ƭ̾ͻȥ
Ϊʲôôڤ֮
⣬ܿ˴𰸣µĴ·ڵ˾ͷǰֳһȶĴţɱ죬Ҷնһۺ󣬼ӿٶ˹ȥ
վſڣڵΣǼҶײϵգȫɵˣ


1264 ôһ
֮һտ磬һѪɫľӨŵĸ֮ϣ쳣ޣɢųѪɫâһѪٲڲϵĴӹŵϷ䡣
ŵǽ֮ϵ·еת֣е簿еķˣ֯һһͼ
Ҳڱ˵У޷ϳЩ·ǶҶ˵·ȴǷǳϤѪ֮ơ
ŵԡѪ֮У͸һǵİΰ̲֮סĤݵĳ嶯
ŵ·ӰҵɱȽĸǣ಻٣ÿ˶һֵ֣ĳྐྵȻǱһģһ
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۾ֱ𾪺ɻ
ҶҲûмֹΣŵӦòĴʥӣлҲǺģΪʲôÿԵĶֶԼأ

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ǻĻôӦֻڻеܿûҶҲῴ
ңֹȻվΪޣΪĿǰΪֹҶջûԳĺԼһĶ֡
գ۵Ͻû󷨣
ҶҲǰֵˣֱķ۲һ£ͬʱԼҲǲأͬʱ򿪣ۿ
ͳ̣ȻǸȴڷɿĴתȻĵҵ˼£޴жϷ
Ҷ֮µǿ쳣΢΢һЩںǴ򶷵ľȻԾһ飬ֻǰЩ鲻ͬӰһõģӵʵ壡
ڤܹ֮۳ʵ壬Ũȸôﵽ̶ֳˣ
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ҶûյĳĿǰŵһڤʯ
ʲô
ֱӴӵϱӶҪɳˣʹţָֻ˰ȴһֶû˵
յķӦҶû˿⣬ΪԼҲʵǱ𺳵ˡ
ǰƻֺѪɫŵȻһڤʯ޽ɵģʵ̫˼ˡ
Ѫ֮ôһСڤʯͷųڤ֮Ҷоǳֲˣǰڤʯǧֹ
ۼŵô鵹˸ĽͣȻȫڤʯͷųڤ֮۶ɡ
ңʥս첻֪ʲôȻܹڤ֮ķֲݽ۳ҲԽԽǿ
ںǴ򶷵ʵȻǿˡ
սʮֲңѾв˱ǳһʵɱЩʵҲ֮ɢȻҲ˷ɱԼĶ֣ʱȫ֮ȥǵͬ飬Ȼȴָ޷ͬߣֻĿԼͬս
ҶһƺЩʵֵĿģΪҪһһĵսÿһˡ
ˣʥս죬սΪսҪסشʥӣҲҪսսõĶȻÿԼˣֻӮԼʸ룬ˣôҪԶڤ֮ɣΪһӡ
ҶĻǻָҲ˵ͷӦˣǲҲζҪʥӣҲҪԼĶִУ
Ӧǰɣ
Ȼ㲻ҾһˣֵܣǴʥмˡ
ζĿһҶȻһ˷䣬˲䣬Ӱͳʮ׿⣬һֵģȻһʵա
˲ʹһ
ҶҲûȥע˼ԼǷҲһԼ˵ܣΪԼڤ裬һСɽһڤʯҲ֪ԼյǵڤûЧˡ
Ƭ̣ҶԥҲһ̤ޱȵķ䡣
˰֮ҶٴЦˣԼȻվԭأûбطҲûһԼ֣˵ԼȻЧ
ȻûƣҶȻйƣſеĹŵȥȻոߵŵ·Ҳ޴ڤʯǵķΧ֮ʱȻоһɹŹֵͻȻ֣Լȫ֡


1265 ɱ
˿Ƭڵˣڴ򶷵ĻѾʤģҶӰһɺ˿УŵԽԽ
˶̲סżŵ϶Ǵʥӣдʥսһж˭ܵһ룬Ȼܹһõ
Լ˷Ѿǧ࣬һſ˹ŵȻȴһεԭ޷ֻĿҶ˹ŵ
գǸ˭
ӦǵһԼʵķȻ˫Ŀ֮ɱעգ߳ʵ
ڳôˣղ³Ҷ֮⣬Ψһֻ飬˭Ҳ֪ҶʲôֻһȻΪѡ
յʵͬҲڲҶСӿ϶ǴʥĺˣȻôܹȫӰ죬֮һ㳤ֱ룬˳˳ƽƽľͿҪִʥˣ
ֹȻڳѾԼֵ˵Ŀ⣬գȻҪһ˵
ע֮£յһתһЦʲôˣѵǻ²𣿡
Ҷֻһ˵ĻƲκ˵ע⣬Ϊվһע⵽ˣٽڵ仰˵һѾԼ뵽˵ʲô
·Ӧ죬Ȼһ⣬ʵѵҶʥսĴˣ
һСֹŵҶҿһ㶼񣡡
Լõµɨһۡ
һȫ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫžͷˣ
ͿСӲԾˣʼնûܵĹһΪʲôİ취ԭսĺˣôսȻΪˡ
ԭҶûڷħɽϻɱ۹͵ļҵǣ
ǺҶгģ۹ļҵˣҵˣĿ¶ԹĿ⣬Ķ
ڳĳͷħħˣҶĿȴǳ˸ӵ
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ʳ仰ǷȻǷڷħɽϱҶɱôˣǽҶǧҲѽͷޡ
ȻһĳֱӽԼǰʵƬʼᣬӽңǱõģողӦþҶ
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ʵûκ֪Ҷƽƽһ·ڻҪһ뵽ʥУʵϣž޴ʹܻ࣬ɥڴˡ
ڵڤ裬ıʣԲڤ֮Ӱ죬ǵ޴ڤʯ֮£ȴǱڤʯڤ֮ǷųһȻ׼ջԼڡ
Ҷڵÿһ粿λڳһֹŹĳɢΪֳҪΪҶ׵ڳһڤ֮
Ҷεʱ˶ðһ亹
Լıһڤ֮ǹǰңԩˣ
ûбɱûб֮ѹѹûбȴԼʦһڤʯУ
һҲһʶȻʦַĴ߶֮£۳ĳ˵ʵ飬ʦԶס磡
ֽëȻ
ҶзɿתͷһзıԼڱҵ״ϧɹŹֵͬҲס޷޷ʱڸ벻취
ʱ·ĴغȻ˾ҵ𶯣Ȼŵǣ֮£ģվȣţ֮Уһ̨״ӵͬһ㣬ϰθߣֱӵڿйŵ֮ǰ
̫ˣЩ̨ܹͨŵϣ
ʱ˶Ŀʼ̨ףʱ򣬸֮ĴսҲڱˣ
˭̴ʥսĶټϸ֮䣬˴ҲŲͬԹ϶ܼپߣܱѩޣֶΪأ
ˣ˿ҲͳǱ˴˻౨Ĵʱ
ˣûУ˾ŵֻһ֮ң̨ϣ
ȻҲһζ๥˵ͬʱԼҲɳȻ͸Եǿߴŵ
Ȼãͬʱȳ嵽˹ŵĽǰʼձΪһŵҶҲѾ˹ŵĵػ֮ϡ


1266 ŵ
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ŵĴŻ򿪣һ飬ٳ˽ȥȻ׷ɵ˼ǲ߽š
ţħĺȫڸԼֵڻ֮³˽ȥ
ǵһҡΣŲæҲɨһȻڹŵײҶֵܣãǵȲˣһ˰
Щһһȫ˹ŵҶĶˣҲû˼ȥЩˣҪǸϽ취Լȳ˵
Ҷϣľǹ䶦ˣʥĴ󶦣ȻԼʹÿԼΣյʱܹԶȣڣҶоԼ֮һڤ֮ȴȻûжҲָˡ
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½˴̨ϳֺɻĿɨһҶȻ벻ͨŵŶˣΪʲôڹŵ֮²ȥ
ȻҲûȥҶŵһĶ֣֮õ顣
ȻҲҪûɵҶ˵۹ļһҵˣǱҶڴŶĴʥȻҪǶᣬѡ˴ʥС
ת֮䣬˶Ѿ˹ŵȥֻбصʬкʵѪӣսһ㣬η
ҶԼοڽӵʱ򣬺ȻԼĵ֮гһ˿ССĺӰɿԼδ
ӰشҶӰսʱԼ֮Ͻسȥһ˿Ӱӣǽ֣ҶѾĴڡ
˵Ҳ֣˿Ӱӳ֮ҶԿԸо޷徹ȻָһЩɣǹɹŹֵȻȫӿӰӣ
Ҷһȼһ˿ϣڤʯӰصı嶼֮û׼ߵܹײһЩ𻨡
˿ӰӾһβ㣬Ҷ·һƬ߮ÿڴһ飬ͻǴһȦ
ԭֻз˿ϸӰӣҶתȦ֮󣬾ȻѾгСָϸС
ӰӵıǹɹŹҶҲԽԽСҶһȻ˹ŵĵײһԾ嵽̨֮ϡ
Ҷĳ˿æڣӰѾ»ع鵽֮Уͣ˺ڰĸ
ҶжȻðһ뷨ԼɲԽ˿Ӱ뵽ڰ֮У
ֻĻ֪ʲôĺڵʱҲԣҶͬŹŵ֮ʦĶǡԲ֣֮ԸоԼӦòΣ֮Ҳٵ飬ͳ˹ŵ
ҶűҪȥһңôʱ䣬ŵ֮и˿϶Ѿ֣Ȼŵŷ֣ռһȻ˭Ҳûж
ŵʹһ㣬̧ͷ컨塣
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ڣ˵ĿͶǸСײ֮ϣȻôСĹײĲ˵ʬ壬ҲԲǿţŵĲʲôÿ
֮˭ҲûжΪÿ˵ﶼ˭һ̤ϸ̨̨ףؽΪʸ֮ģܻܵ˵ĺˣÿ˶ƴͬʱҲڰȴ䱸
ҶĽ룬ȻҲ˵ע⣬Ȼǲ֪ոҶŴӹŹתһȦǼȻ϶ҶսĴˣôǽľ֡
ͶĿ⣬Ǵ󲿷ִеģҶûпһֻǶǸСײģĥ澿ʲô
ȻײĲ󣬵Ƿһ飬һʯһγǴ´ġ
ʱȻҵȺ˳ָҶȴΧ˵λи飬˼ȻսĺˣôȻҪǶЩƣǲɵȻٸƾᣬΣ
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ת֮䣬ҶѾЩһеļλǿ߸Χƶ


1267 û
ȻڶְΧҶȴûκλҵɫΪƽĿһ۵ûˣ
ңһλ˳ֳս𡣡
Ҷ˵֣Ҽˣ֪ϲʶң
һ˳֣ȻҶǿķα֪ؼҵˡ
Ҷͷ֪ؼҵģôǲҲҪΪ㱻Ҵܱأ
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ȻҲһλǿվ
۹ңؼңңļңңңټͽ壬ܹλǿҶһˡ
ЩеĳǣЩǿǵΪȡĬ̬ȣ˸ҶǴʥսг֮⣬һԭǾڵҶѾĬĬ֮ȵͬһȽȽ̫
ܹɱΪЩǿߣδǵľдԲõһʣǵĳɳĪĺô
Сˣȫֳ֮ͣ£֪ԼǸû˵ʸ񣬲ǵֵԹۣϣҶܹɱǿߣΪԼĺ󱲵ĳɳɨһЩϰ
ģǿ߰Χ֮£ҶԾûˣ
ȻһĵҶԺҶӣ˵Ǵʥս֮Ҳеϵ֪Ǽ٣
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ҶشһڵĽ𣺡Ҷ̫ǰħǰǲѣ
ħħҲˡ
ҵѣо֮ҶЦŵ˵ͷ
ħһЦǾˣ˶۸٣ħǰħߣͳĹϵӽһԸǡ
ȻҶȴܵħ֣죬Һ۹֮ĶԹԼˡ
˵֮ҶͬҹϵǳҲϣ뵽֮С
ħͳＸͬʱüͷ֮£ԸվҶһսҶֻкôûлκ˶֮ãȻҶȻܾˡ
ѵ˵ǿ˿ͬʱԿôֵĵز
ʱͻȻˣҶ㻹ЩʶҲԸԶ٣ѣļ֮ĶԹҾҷ£գֻҪ㻹ڣԺ㡣
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Ҷ֪̬ȵͻȻת䣬϶йأȻижǴʱ˿Ҳлֻǵĵ˵ͷ
µ˳λǿ߶һЦǿɲô࣬¶ģҪҶɱڴˡ
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⣬Ҷİ֪ؼҵרӰصӰսȻؼ֪ԼܹʩչӰս⻤壬Ȼڽй
ͬʱĺҺͽǿҲҶ˹
ֹâ˸ŵɱɺӿȡ
𽣣𣬴󵶣棬ȵȸֲͬĹ֯һ𣬹һޱߴҶΰΧ
ôһĶǿַĹ֮ʯ쾪񱩶ҵʥӶʼҵ
ˣ飬ȣΪҶ˵Ĺ֮£Ļᣬħüͷ壬˫֮Ȼֳһɫĳꪣƺ׼Ҷˡ
ȻʱҶĿкȻһЦһԾֱ˿У׾ٵľͶ㿪еĹ
Ҷɣ
ŵ֮УҶеȻûʧȥЩӡ˷֮˵ƣȻҲơ
һֻɵӥһȺ޷еͻͻǿҲ޷˵ӥֺ
ҶΪʲôܾ˳ħԭ򣬱˵ǿˣڳиͬʱ֣ҲܹܿеĹ
λһˣ
ҶЦڿͻȻı˷Źŵеĸ̨֮Ϸ˹ȥ
ͨ
Ҷոս뵽̨Χ֮ʱͻȻоһأһ¾͵˸̨ĵһ̨֮ϡ


1268 ˮ
ҶȻܹУ־ŭģΪһ˭ٶȿ죬ȻʥսµĶҲҪˡ
Ȼû뵽ҶȻȻڸ̨֮ҲǿĽơ
һ£Ҳ˲ɱҶˣæͷ׷׳˸̨£ħҲ⡣
ҲȥǸ˶Լһñ֮еǿȥᣬռݸλĮעЩСˣǲ
ҶпЦѣּ
ԭΪСײıȻԼˣû뵽ﾹȻҲнƣҲֻˣڵ
Ҷ޷ȻҲٷˡ
ҶһĴڵһ̨֮ϣһ
ৣ
ǿ߼ͬһʱȫ嵽˵һ̨֮ϣȻǵɫҲͬʱ䣬һȫվԭأһȻ⡣
⣬Ҳ͵ڱͨˣ˴ֻԵСײģȻ֮⣬ǻо̨֮ϻһĿռ䷨֮ͬĴ֮ѹһܵĿ֮оһصɽһ㣬ѹǵϡ
޷ֻ˵ֳصѹǾٲά衣
ΨһǸеοľǣҲԼһˣôȻͬһߣû˭ܹռرơ
Ȼʱһ̨ףһҶȻЦˡ
ӣǶ˰
˵ͬʱҶѾվ˻Դһ󣬿ĿɿڴЦôǲǺ֣Ϊʲôһж磿
еɻ飬ҶղҲǴӿеôȴܹ˿ֿռ䷨֮ѹƣ
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ҶȻ˵ʵҲоֿռ䷨֮ȻʥսѪһţôַ֮ȻѪ֮Ϊ
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ͻȻıʣڳ󲿷˵ɫüΪѿҶռƣҪԸվ̨֮κһ˵ĻһΪɵ顣
ҶȻҲŹᣬЦݵߵ˷Ȼǰ˰ղ㲻˵Ҫɱأ
Ȼ˪ǵĵҶò⣬㲻һֻʱƵ϶ѣҷҪ㣬еǻʱ䡣
𣿡
ҶЦҡҡͷأ֣ҵ۱ʥսɱھ˳˺йϵңǲǣ
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Ļ䣬ؼǿѾŵ˵ĺãҶܿͻΪһֻ˺򣡡
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ŵ֮Уһļž˼ֱԼ۾ҶȻһλ˵Ķ⣡
ľ磬ڻھԶǿˣ˭ǶñϹϾȻȴȶ⣬һּ衣
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ʱҶԺ֮յĴֵܣ˵ûɣȻҳϣҿŶù񫣬ѵ׼ⱲӾͶ̨֮ˣ
յһ仰ʱҶˣʶԼȷǺ⡣
ڸ̨̨֮ϣԼ£һ뿪̨ķΧأ
ȻǶɣ뿪̨ӵǵϱȻǿ˵ƵȣȫԽŵʱķӡ
۹͸ڵ̬ϿǱȻ᲻ϧһдɱԼ


1269 л
Ҷ˿ŵţѾپۼʮˣвĸ֣ȻΪ˷ֹԼߣ󲿷ǻעԼȻ뵽⣬Ҳ뵽
Ϊǿ߱˸̨֮ϣǿ»ֵȥҶȡѪףҲӲߣѪȻԼЩ˵С
Ҷͨ㣬ȴҲ壬һЦҾȥʥս쾿ʲô
˵֮ȻĲˣתŸ̨Ķȥ
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˽֮¿ײģҶͻȻͼΪײķѪһŵĴˣ˵ǴʥսԼġ
˿ߣҲ򲻿ΨѪ֮ϹײµƲܿ
ۿҶڽǾ߹ײץУ󲿷˵ĺü޿̵ĳҶŭ⣺Ҷ¹ײģ
ȻǰѾ˹ŵ˵Ҷ޿ܴƽ뿪оԵ£οҶΪսĺˣû׼֮Ϊ׼һЩĺأ
ȻɷҶղһƣҼˣҲһᣬֻҪ㽫ײĽң۹֤ƽ뿪
仰һ˵Ⱥ֮жʱߣȻ󲿷˶ǲڷȻĿȻңؼңҵڶͬʱ价һȦܣӲѹסЩ˵
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ʱ۹˵ɫѿС⣬廹ϣӵкǿʱ
ʱɫĵҶȻսĺˣֻҪײĽңǾͲ׷Ĺϵ
ת֮䣬ղŻڶҶɱˣȻΪ˹ײģתʼԸ£Ҷ

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Ҷֲ꺢ӣ벻ͨȻϵ
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𣿡ҶѪףĴӸ̨˷Ȼǰ΢΢һЦв𣿷ģ֮ǰ϶һ·ġ
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ҸֶʱżĴ󺰳Ҷң
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ҶҪٸҶȻһָ뿪ҲɱǸСӡһλĵ
Դ壡
ҶȻָ֪ǰԴ壬ӣԼڰԴӣҴұ飬Ѿ֪ټϷ˽ʱɱķˣԷҲŻԼޡ
Ȼ˵ԴĴ峤Ǭһ˵ֻҪԴĴǴڴоͲκ£˵ʵҶе㵣ǵİΣǬǬˣûµʱ򾭳ܣһ¶ģڸţû׼ĻὫץס
ЩֻҶе뷨û¶˿飬˵΢΢һЦлѣȻһ벻Щ֣ѵһ½޷߳𣿹
仰ʱ˵ɫüΪѿˣǲεĺݺݵ˷˵һۣ˵Ҷ
Щǿ߶Ǹδϣǫ̈̄ϣ˲ãҶֻҪסǣκҲҶְ
Լ֮ҶҲʼڼλǿߵǰ
ȻԾ۾ݺݵĵԼҶʮֲˬ˹ȥȫֱ֣ðǣѪֹǿȴǲϵҶ
ҶҲзִ磬ĽȻǷҿ϶᲻һеĺԼƴ۹ûۣʵҲҶԲСҲڷȻϻʲôΣյķ


1270 ׼ͻΧ
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ȻÿҪһ䣬Ҷͺ԰ƽϣֱλҵĽӳױͣҲҿ˵һ֡
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ļ˵һӾͷŻ˶ӣҿղûг֣֪ҶŹµԭȫΪ顣
ţҶǰ¶һ˿ЦʹʥսгҿԸǣҽˡ
ҲˣǺʹʥսгˣңĳԹȫ¡
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ȴǼΪŪĵߣʲôҾͲţ㻹սĺˣҡײƭˡ
ҵˣ޲óȥ͸ϣʱ򻹸ҶԲǵΪ
Ҷȴǲû϶֣΢΢һЦеѪ׵Ҳգڷħɽʱ򣬽ҵѸ£ʱȥĶһЩϺףó۹˶ڣҾʽǣңҶǴʥսʦܣ
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ҶȻǴʥսʦܣ޷ţҽҲ뵽һͬ⣬ʵĻǶ˵ʦ˭
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Ҷĳ࣬Ȼ⣬ڷҶ£Ȼܹչֳ
ʱҶͷһƬѪѪ죬Ŵʥ֮ڵѪɫ֮䣬˽˴ʥս졣
ҶѪ˫ۿ˷ңؼҺҵˣĵʵ֪ҵݣ֪ʹǷ񰲺ã鷳ǼԼʱתһѪһ־죬ΪպһԵŰݷλˣ
ʹԼʹĸˣҶǴѪڶ׷ǵĿе֪ġ
ҳ˵϶粻ͽգֻĶƬѪû֪Щʲô
ʱҶ˳ĴҶӣ뾡뿪˵أڶиָ˵أĶ֣⣬лĻ빫ܹһˡ
ĸ֣
ԲҶܿģ̨סǡ
õѣҶɫĵ˵ͷǵл֪ԼҪϽ׼ͻΧˣڴ˵ؾ
۹ɨ˿̨̱ϵˣҶĺ뽫˳ħ֮ȫߣǳ÷Ҷ֣ĻԼûа취ôˡ
ռ䳾ǲװģֻרŵһЩ顣
ȻҶѪ꣬Ҷ¶˵ǰֻܽĿͣ˷Ȼϡ
˶Լĵ󣬱ҪߣпܵĻҶɱǡ
ʣĹĺؼңҺͽˣҶһ⣬Ȼ֣Ȼȭؼҵˡ
ؼҺңн壬ԼĳѾ޷⣬ɱһɱɱҲɱͳô˴ûᣬȽɱ
Ҷڳ֣˶ʱȻɫؼǿŭ𣬼̨ףȴҡ
䣡
ҶȭͷֱӺؼǿߵԴͬʱһգȻԷĽɫץС


1271 ˱
Ҷ
ؼҸĿѣŭȻҶȴûһۣߵǿǰͬһȭȥ
ҶܹȭֱؼңҺͽλǿߵεС
Ŀɱ˵ĻҶڿ϶Ѿ۾ǧˡ
ţҶֿ˹ĺ˵岻΢΢һǿǣڼʶҶŵʱҲû˿ӲҷԼܵͬˡ
ʱ򣬹Һϱǿͬʱ˳ҶĵҶѣղǵȷǶеֻҪѿ飬ŹӣԸ뿪˵أֻҪеѴڵĵط˶˱ᡣ
ȻΪ˱Լеδ嶼ѡ˿Ҷĵط
ʵҺҶе𣬱Ͼ̽۾ǳǼңַħԯ콾ҲҶĴʦֻ֣ĿǰҲ֪顣
壬ҶȫûгĺҪԸڶֱӷŹ
ĳŵҶҡҡͷ˵ƾûа취ǣ˭̨֪֮ǻ᲻⸱̬ȡ
ߴ󼱵ҶѲţھԸ뿪ȵҶƽ뿪֮ٷء
ֻҪѴӦ˺Ƕˣ뿪
Ҷ΢һ˵ͷãҴӦǣ
Ҷ֪Լʵ̫ˣ뿪֮׼ֱ򣬶Ҿĵ壬ʱŹҲΪԼ̵ƽ·
Ҳ˵ҶһִֺԼŵȥ뿪ŵ֮󣬸ֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţҶܹĿȫ˽ȥ
뿪ҲÿֻĿʧ
Ҷһŵ֪ԼҪʥӴǲܵˣһὫиĸǰһҲܵˡ
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Ҷ磬׷ס˷Ȼ˵ȻһһЮǣͬʱл꣬ҡڵ̨ס
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仰һյıӲ㶼ˣæߺҶлʲôɱ˵Ҹʶһ㶼죬λǵ۾ѩģӦÿĳǴĸҿʺӣ޻ңǲϵ
ȷҶģΪľҪ˽ҲΪԼͬԴ֮ԼʼڱƣǱѩˡ
Ȼ˵ĿⶼݺݵĵȻੲݵķֱŵһۣǵעҶϣԡһ£иǰ˳ǰΧһСİΧȦҶεİΧ
ôΧסʲôҶɨһ۵˵ӱȽС亦±ΧסһСĿܻһʱǿɲҪҡ
һ£ȥҶһҪ꣬˵Ϳûˣ
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ҶʩʩȻǰȥǰʱ򣬺ߵһ˿ƤЦ⣬ҶȻֻװûпһ·߳ŵ˳̨µ棬Ȼ߳һ硣
̵Уϰǿ߶ಽĽ档
߳ⷽ磬Ҷгһ˻˻ֵˣлλͣ;ǧһǶȥɣڿʼ׼ҵ鷳ҳװȫ֮һῼǽͻǵġ
ʲô
һҶȻҪ˸ߣЩͬ⣬ҶȴǸǣֱӴ˲š
ȻʱͻȻһ𣺡ҶСˣ
һɫı˵İҶԴֱͬʱȻҲǳûͻȻѣͬʱȭҶ
Ҷһɱǿɿˣ˱ҡ
ۣ
죬ؼңҺͽλǿߵ꣬ӲıҶ˿Ѫֱֻ꣬ŷȻȥ
ҶҲ˺ģҪȫɱЩһصľ棬֪ҪɱԼҪ۵ġ
ﬣ
䣡
Ѫ򷽰ȻȻͻȻһ⣬סѪͬʱͷ֮ͬһӣͻײһ𣬷Ȼ졣
Ҷ²˵ϹȻǿķ壬ҶȻǲɱǶˡ
еɫѾҪҶԴҶٲɣѪͻ꣬һ򿪵˲ţ˵ǰʧˣ


1272 Զ
Ҷ˲ţֱȫľ֮ͣҲԼںηһ¾˵ϣ֫ſεƯŵĶƣЦ
ڵʵ̫ˣôİΧ֮£õʦѪףҺ˵뿪ˣ֮ǰɱؼңҺͽλǿߣ¼мܹ
Ҫ˵źҲûУȻûɱȻˣȻźûܽʥӸߡ
ܵ˵Ҷջ࣬УҪľ΢Ϣһᣬȵָ֮󣬴Ѫףоʲô

ҶЮŷȻǼ뿪ʥӵʱȫ˳ȥȴȻڴʥڣһҪȳеĽӽŮҲϣܹڴʥҵһЩö
󣬻һλļϹĸ֣һǽ˴̨֮и˳
ڴʥУȻޱȣƾЩ˼﷭˸׳죬ȴҲûҵκмֵĶ
ȻǺڵߣǷأϧʥһڤʯɣһʵϾǷӡﱣĹ
λĸֽȫ֮£ȻҲδܺһӣһսǿ
Ҷ෴Щȫǳ˶Ȼȴɨ˶飬һɰǧ˵ΪۣȴʲôҲûеõ
ڸιϷһʱͨĺӵĺˮͻȻǣӿ˳ɱ֮Ƶøòȫʱ˳ȥ
ǵ뿪ⷽ翪ʼҵ𶯣Բ֮ݣɽ㵹ˮɺԣľݽߡ
ⷽ統˵棬ֱӳգһâȻи̸ȥ׷ȥηȴ޹Ϊⷽ絽˿֮󣬾Īʧˡ
˲²⣬ⷽѾͬһĽ飬ȻصĶѾҶȡߣҲԺֱܿӷھ죬ȥѰѾˣʥսˡ
Ҳ˵ⷽڵʱ̫ƾãȫǿսǾѪײŵԱȻѪ׵뿪ⷽҲʧȥѾɢޡ
֮˵硣ȴûܹһĽֻܸͣԴźŷŭųޣ뿪
﷢һУҲͨ˵ʹ˳ȥҶѪ֣Ҳǳ˻֮УѾǾڶ򣬶ŸΪ򴫲ȥ
һ֪ˣȻ֮£ɱұɱļˣħɽӣڴʥУǵŸֵ棬شȻɱңؼҺͽĽ֮ȫˡ
幫Һ嶼ò飬ˡ˱ᡱı֤
Щ¼еκһ̾ΪֹȻҶȴһ˶ɣ֪˶𾪣
ǰҶֻеСħɽɱ֮ȻидûнϣϾʱɱֻǷҺļ֮еһЩͨӣºͷȻ˵ʱûȥ
ǣε֮˲òϣҶʵԺ£ȻЩһе֮࿹⡣
ԳΪʥսʦܣѪһŵǾԽԽ˿ʼйҶѪ
ֻϧҶʵ̫أ۹ͰԴ֮⣬鶼ȻҲʲô
۹ҳ¶ؿƿԽͣƾȥ²⡣
ȻҶйѪ飬ȴǽڳ˵˿
Ѫ֪˵˼ʮˣ͵ưԾλħйء
ֹħ찡˵ֵħԯ콾࣬ʥսˣҲѪһЩϵ
ҶԳǴʥսʦܣս϶ҲѪˣôҲѪһ˹ϵ
Ҳ˵ģһ˵Ѫרź۹ȥԭͲ֪ˡ
ô˵Ҷĳ֣Ѿң²ڻ죬пܻҪӵ졣
Ҷ˵ԼѪһŵħҲǳѪҶպ½һλµħ۰
ѪħۡҶ
ƺŽҶ𽥵ŻڸΪᴫ죡


1273 
ĺʵûиҶκεĺôպĵ·ΪļѣǴʥЩųϢ˵õ˴ʥսȫУϹŵһ澭
ǴʥĴУǡκ˷ĴڣοҶǿҲһλʵﵽˣڱģڣЩ˶ΪҶסʥĴк͡ԣҶҲͳΪֿȵķ
һЩһؾŽ˶˼ĥܷˮ㣬Ҳ벻ջ
֮⣬۹ҳѵõϷͨһƷΪͣѰҶ䡣
ҺͽҲǽͬԾ޶ѰҶ
繫ңȻûзͣҲ׼ѭǸҶĳŵҶ˱ᣬҲڰд̽Ҷ䡣
ΨһǸеֵľǣԭӦú۹վһսߣҶ֮ǵļң֮ȴûһĶȲͣҲȥѰҶ˵ĸоƺǺҶѾû˳һ
֮ڵĻҳһţҶҲͳΪ˷˼ϵ
ȻƾôѰңȴûһܹҵҶ䣬ƺ뿪ʥ֮󣬾ʹӻʧһ㡣
ҶȻ뿪죬Լ֪ʲôط
һĴԽ˲֮ҶľеϢ˾ֱԵ˵ٳһѨȻȡǾѪס
ҶԼĵƣѪ֮Ƶ·СĿ̻Ѫ֮ϣѪ֮·̻ˣһ֮󣬡ǡһ죬Ѫ׵ĸӵ
ûоĶǵƣҲûжĿ⣬Ѫ֮оĵһֽš

ҶðͷȻֽȡ̯֮ȴ֣ǡǴʥսµһױš
ŵݼܹоֽ
Ҷе֣ΪʲôʦҪѪ֮һţȻŹ̬ȣĿ
սվͬһм䶼һŨŨս⣬ҶܹܣԲûս
ȫ֮Ҷʧȥһ˶סˡ
Ŀ͵עһλ֪ۿȻʪˡ
֮˥ѲУѽߣ޷ʦ֮ԸΩԸԴ˲ȱ֮壬֮٣Կ֮죬ֻΪѪƿһţȻ಻ս֮ս֮ս֮ս֮
սʣ
ȻǴʥսľţ
Ҳս򵽵ڰ֮ȻδսܣȴҲ;ƿ֮˥ߣȻȻҪ֮ǰǹƥھ죬죬ϣܹԼжΪѪļ̳Ͷʯ·ܷһܡ
ٳ֮ǰдţҷӡѪ֮Уʵ֮ѪװţʹΪԼԼĹʾӣԼ統С
˿ʥսݣպգ߳ƣȴû֪һʵ൱Ŀ࣡
̳ѪҲͳһʹΣΪʹһսǺֲһ־۾죬˭ܹ
֮ʣȻѪĴУʦԸԲȱ֮壬һιΪصĵھ졣
Ȼû֪յĽȻǰˣȻĻܴӴ֮ţ֪١
ΪһʹӣȻ˴мѪ֮УȴԼĺ֪λսĴڡ
˽Լľ򵥵д֮⣬ս컹һŵͼӵеһУоͰѰһݲȫġ
ֻǣͼϼ˷ӡҶʵʱ޷ƿսĵˣͼָĵص㲢ڻ죬졣
ҶĬĬĲȥϵˮʦ֣ģĺѾҵˣұΪͽܣֻҪһ첻;Բܵ۸Уδɵʹһɣһ죬һھ죬Ʒ죬һУ
ź͵ͼСĵպãҶƽһԼ֮󣬿ʼԼٵĴǾԵУԾԼʵҪ顣

֮һΪжųǵͳ֮Уһİˡ
̬УͬһλοһڳĴƣֻ΢תţϵ͵Ŵ֮ǼĶԻ
߽һ¥ѡһλãһ裬
ͻȻһѹ˵Ķ䣺˵֮ǰۼ֮أӷ˽ͷǿ壡


1274 ³
찴շλԷΪ򣬶ϱУȻ˵ǳ֮£ʵϲˣΪʵ̫ÿһиǿ֮أҲ۹Ķѡ
Ƿߵ磬Գһ򣬽ȫյ״̬޷룬ħΪΪȫǸҵش
ջܹһ仰ܿµֲ
Ƶۣзħȫ룡
ͬޱȣȻ˵ΪȻҲĴڣдӷ˽뵽壬ֵĵطһΪ³صĺС
ʵֹ壬дӷ˽ʿᰴĴзţڴڵĿռ䷨֮Ӧ
߻ħ߻뱱򣬶ĵпܳκεط
³ˮأɽһ̫ͬΪճأˮе֮ɫһͬΪأˮǺɫһɫ
û֪³ʲôʱγɵģǴӷ˽壬Լͬԣֱͬĳг֡
ճ֮гֵĶʥ޻ͨԵ³֮Уֻһ֣ǴﵽħޣΪħ
³ܳаפأ˵ΪӭӸոսͬ࣬ʵҲҪͬı
ǿʥ޻ʥ޺ᣬǻѾڵһЩǿĺˣôӭӣָ㣬ǰ塣
ͨûб壬ô̬ȿɾͲõȥˡ
ȻչأҪΪһ飬ֱפճغ³֮ԣΪ֪ж꣬³ضûħ޳֣Ծö֮أǾۼһֻճԱߡ
һ죬һҸ˫СӣҲͷͷһֻɣһʯ֮ϣһݣ˫΢գɹ̫ϴֻôˣ
ͷֻԶɱ˰
𣿡дŵпʹˣҲˣΪʲôɱ
ͷһɢɣʲôûУҲƽϣ¿ĸͷߣϣ֮£ССĽѵһû뵽ֻ̫¾ˡ
һͯģСЦݽš
ʵʵˣԭǿԷûпɽͺ̨ƢӲԸɴɱˣΪá
ȻҪǱ֣ǾԻ⵽ϳͣżΪ֮ǿԵģҲȷǵһôˣеƶӽλˡ
Ŷô°Щ»Ϊ˻ǵãҲΪǺãۣܵϧǲ鰡˵񶼺ûʲôˮ̰
ڼ˵Ĺ·ճеĽɫˮȻۡһ죬ʼˮݣ̾ȫվ뽫ĿͶ˳С
ˣϣǸеǮ
ӷ˽ʿǵ嶼Ҫ׵ϴ񣬳ƷϵĻκζҪ飬ŵ֮߳Уôܶ٣졣
ҲܶһѣЩֻҪûк̨ͻ뷽跨ĴӶԷ㶫ȥԼڻĳҪѣʲôûУǾԷһƶԷŭ֣ǾͿԴΪڣɱԷȡ
ڷ˽ʣ˻ҲֻµȣʵһһףĶ֡
Ķճ֮зԽԽڵĳˮѾ¶̰֮ɫΪˮ˷ڣ˵ĲһˣǺü
䣡
ճȻըһ˶ˮһӴӰӳ𣬿зһȴ˷ܵĺС
˽춼ἫΪ˷ܣΪ̥ǣ뵽һ߲ε硣
Ϊͷͷʵǰ֮ߵģﵽһ죬۹һ۾ͿӰӵĿ̾˿ֻ裬һ
ڲûһ壬ȻֻҲûк̨ûбӦǲʲôö
ͯЦһͷ˵ζٺ٣ĻǾͿԱڸˡ


1275 ǹ
ɵ۹ûճ֮гһֻ裬ˮ֮˷ܵĻܣʯͷվŵİ
ͯӶֵι˵㣬С裬ǿˣϽ
ңٺ٣ˣһȥһȻתͷܣСôǵһצСںͺأ
ֻ費Ǳˣǵλн粻֮еһͷޣǺ磬ǣ
ҶѾʱˣʱǣҶΣĺǵˣҶ뿪֮󣬾ͿʼƴʬΪǣӭ١
ǵһӭ٣Ϊ˺һӲѹΪȴĸڽ칲ͬɽ١
ٵǸݶɽʿʵֵģʵԽǿҲԽǿΣȻҲԽ󣬶ѵʱҲԽࡣ
֮УʵԷǵһ˳٣˻졣
ճ֮߳ͬʱѾһĴ󺺣ͬһһ㣬ⶼɢһֽĹ󣬴ҡڵߵ˰ǰ
λҽǣҲɣôƺ
죬˷֮һжǳ˺ʣû뵽ԼҪԼ
ͯӽһʲôûȤ֪ǽЩڻûʲôѳǿԸôȥǡ
ҵģˣǻĳŰһȭ裬ҵ𣿡
ûУ
ǵһ˿ʧ䣬ʱҵԼˣȴΪܣȫɱԭΪڻҲˣϧû뵽ﾹȻҲûС
˿ʧ嵭ĵ˷ܣЦҡҡͷҾǹ¼ҹһûѳˡ
û𣡡ͯӵ¶ЦȽʯԣ龧ʯҲУ֮ûа
еãȻʯϵж·֮лΪ˻ҽʲôûС
ȻҲڰ˸֮УͯҲǣתɣ
ʶɱֻѾ೤ʱˣ
һˣ
һ˰Ǿûʲôˣɱɣ
һ¶û׷䣬˵ͷѾȥõģԼɱˡ
õ˶ɵָʾͯСһ壬ĿǵʲôûУǾ͹¸ǿļͷҲͲΪˣ
ʶе㲻ԾˣҲɵӣôҲǴӹŹεˣȻ⡣
ȻɫʵΪʲô
ǹأҪôһʯҪôͱҪЩǰ¿ͷʾء
˭Ĺأ
ң
Ҫǲأ
ǿԾ͵ؽ
һתҽʯǲǾͿԲˣ
ͯðһ˿ʯ
ûУͬУӦϾˡ
ĵ˵ͷճеˮֿʼˣ˵ûг֣Ӧû˵ѡ
ͯҲϻ˸飬ֺǺǵĵ˵ղź㿪Цأˣ㻹мͬ飬Ƕʲô壿
һ㣬һǺߡ
ͺǵݼΪ⣬һпܽޣһħޣǲûн˵
ߣ
϶¶˾֮ɫ߿ʥ޺ᰡû뵽ֻ֮ͬоȻкߡ
ͯаԼղûж֣ȻĻһɱ裬ȵ֣֪߳Լɱѣ鷳ɾʹˣڲԼ˵Ķ֣պȻ
ʥ޺ڻ֮Уλ⡣
ʱһŭճ֮һ޴˳צˡ
ͯȻɵͷǿʲôҲ̲ˣкڣֻܷ뿪ˡ
ɺȻһЦΪʲôҪ뿪һ֪֪
֪̽ޣ
ǰܹץסֱӽգͿʹΪǷҵصĸֱأ
ͯӺһͷѵ׼Ҳɱˣʥ޺ᰡ
ʥ޺ôˣʥˣҲùԹɵֳһɱﵱϰĽҲʱƱˣ죬Ļᡣ


1276 ׺
צ
˷ܵĳŰצĻ֣գգ۾
Ǽͬѣ˴֮һεĬԵצǵգۣٿ˿ɵȰѾʶ˲ԾΣ˹
ǣλǣ
ŶλǽרŸЩָġ
צ΢΢һ
ǰצǲǻһЩ龧ʯһóТλǰ˼ĵǣ಻װ
˵ˣצܻף۾΢΢𣬸ֳһ˿ʱͯѾŵ㲻ͷ˵С裬ǲǻһߵͬôûòûжɹٰɣ
ܣܣҡͷСʵǶҪߣӦÿˣٵһɣ
ĿľǺߣǺͰצҲǿޣ˻죬ûбûк̨ͨޣǸûнצǷ
˵֮䣬ճ֮гˮٴηһɫľ޴Ӱ˳СҲ˻졣
ȻǺߣɵȰжڵ¶̰֮ɫͬʱҲǸж֪佫צǰΧ
ȻǺͰצʵǣҪսķḻһҲȲǡ
磬˶ٳҵĴսܹģڴ˿̣˶һۣ˴ѾȻΣմ
ȴţСҲһλգգ۾֮ͻȻȥͬʱҲûСڵɱǣ׼֣Ҫ
Ȼǳ䲻ܣðû뵽һʱ֮˭ҲûзӦ
ɽһЦŵܣŶûУɱ
ţ
ǡצСѾվһǿڵΪʲôҪɱǣǲûǣ
һЦղŲǸĹҶģ˵ʲôʲôҪɱǣҪκԭ򣬶֣

ѾˣצЦһ֪˭ɱ˭أ
£צٿȻֱֱֳۣܹۣӳͬ˸һݺݵĳ˳
ͬʱҲǻһֱӳ˳ȥ˫ȭ˵Сڵٶͬ˫ۻӶȻճеĳˮˮͰצİֱһ
ʮ˲սһ
ɵüͷ΢΢˵ʵ˵׺ίʵ
ǻɱսЩȻҲɱϣҺηģ
ϾЩʵԵġ
ʮȭȻԼ¸ҵĲϺʱʶԼƺСֻǱȷʵҪǿһ㡣
Ȼֻ֪ǿų⣬ѪΪĻ϶˲ˡ
䣡
צޱȣֱ·ɣͬһ㣬裬ʱഥ֣ʱ֣ûһ㣬ټСԱߣһ߿ˮһʩչ磬ʱֻҲɱֱ࣬ԼβҳȻһʱ侹Ȼǵ
ɵĬ޷죡
ǵʵϾҪѷһοˣҲǶһ࣬ȻһʼĹеΣǺܿͷӦȴѸٿơ
䣡
һųɫӿСڵһ˿⣬ΪߣĶ£»棬΢΢һˡ
һˣצȻҲ޷⣬һУһ̡
飡
ʼձѹƵĽҲڷΪЦһŵâȭͷȻǵ֮ϣֱӽɳȥ
ת֮䣬ʧȥеƣȫճ֮С
ˮУǴڵѪʵʵһȭҲܵˡ
צҲеή٣ով׵ϴ壬׵Ĺ¡
СȻûˣǶһеĳɫ棬ȴ¶һ˿⡣
Χסû̸ϾɱҲ˹ӸµĿǺôĵӣ죬Ȼ͸ҳֹ񼫣Ӧ͵
ʲôƨǼŹѣʲôʵģǺһʱ䳤ˣԱˡ
仰׵Ľŭˣɱºߵ꣡
ཹལ
Ŷɻ£ճ֮УһصĳˮͻȻʼҵķ˵ĸоǽӴһȺҪһ


1277 ʥ
ǷڵĶҪĳˮϲ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ôˣƽʱʮ¶һѾǿӾȻҪ֣٣
ڳˮ֮еǺȻЦŰצӦҲ˰ɣӦÿԺ칷ˣ
ĵǾȻͬ飿
ٺ٣¶ˣʣµͬͷɲС͵ŰɣЦޱȵĳ죬֮УԺǺʵǿҲǴͷһħޣһпܽΪʥĶһ޶ޡ
䣡
һ޴ĺɫӰӴճ֮г𣬶Ӱмŵһƨ˵ϣ֮ɫͰ͵ĵ
ɵɫҲǱò԰һƬΪҲˣʱˮгģȻһ
ʥǿǴ˵ϵĴڣееɱߣǾûеӶʥһëȻʥĻ¸ոս죬ʵ֮ǿҲܹġ
ʱһŵڿ𣺡СǹȻʶһ۾Ϳӵı𣬹Ӿʥǣû
˳ƨԸ񣬳ڶ롣
Ҳڿǰڳˮ֮УһĨɫѪĿġ
ô£أ
˲仯Σ˵ߣͬʱ̧ɨǰ
ֵܣĽ飬ƽʱ˴˼Ҳ䳰ȷһУǾͬ
ҡҡͷǲ֪û֣Ⱥ˺ųƽʵǿŹҪʲôʯûУǾҪɱǣСڵ꣬ǵСڴȥѰ
𣡡
ǵļһǿƣսⲪɱ
ͻȻе㲻
ѹָʵ˵ޡ
ɱ㣡
ֱӳ֣ȭ׳ɽǿȻͷʵԱҪǿ
ۣ
ǶɣȭͷڿͻȻ˸򣬹һУһѪ˵ɳȥ
ɵĺܣǸղŴǵ
ղǵ׺ѾЩˣȻû뵽Ȼӱ̬һոȻͽһλһضɳȥ⼸ǲܵ飡
Ÿʲôֲһͷѣɱ
ɴߴ¸Ͻ֣ΪǺĶԻ֪ǻһǵͬ顣
֪ΪΣ֣Īһɿ־壬ҪȽֻҹζ࣬ʡ
һ£ΧȥҲһŵװˣһ˿ɴ򲻹ôˡ
ǣצСȻȫվٴγˡ
ļ룬ԸоѹΪʵǲ£Ϊǽӽǿ̶ҲԶԶǡ
ҲԹۣһս֣
Ϊһľ磬ɵʵѹһͷ˲ʹˣһŭ𣬻ָ˱壬ʮ׳壬ɢϢѹ޴β͸߸ͬһСɽ£ʱͽһ
ȻȴǺΪӽΪ֮ʵҪ߹һض졣
һ֣һȦɺʱΧʣһǣצСץסᣬַһֽĻɢը˿
ת֮䣬УһˣʣŰˣͯӸǳŶɻֵ̿ĵͷͷ̫ˣǲǶ֣ǸϽӰɣ
Ϊ˾ܻ𣿽ǲ
ʮƣԼߣһȥĸ߲֪ǾȻҶͺ֣߳Ʊؽ⵽׷ɱΪǷ˽ɡ
ʱ򣬶Ȼ˿֣һԳ֮гͬ۳һĿ״ɢ֮⡣
˲һЩʱоԴе΢΢ԣʹаãˣ
ǶɱϵĶۣܹԻסˣȻʱ䲻㹻ˡ
Ѿܶˣɱǣɴߴٵ
ȻʱɽǱͻȻһ죬ţһȴϵǺ


1278 ʳ
ɽǱߴľԼǺöɵɫñȰֽҪ԰ף
ĵط³е³أֻһ³ؽ졪ħ
ˣ¾ļҲǲ壬жûħ뵽ˡ
³Ѿƽ̫̫꣬Щڻڳ壬ϻħһĴڡ
Ȼ죬³𶯣Ǻ죬һֻħӷ˽˻졣
ſѪ죬е㲻ĵôǴˮģܵɽǱߡ
Ȼ֪³ص飬ǵȴǶ׷Լ˯ҲκεΣˡ
ǿŶɵٺ٣Ҫùˣ
໣
һǺ𣬵ղҪ࣬һɫӰɽ֮ϣӸ£·ճأԼرߵ

УһӰ裬磬˲Ѿɽ嵽ճԱߡ

ǰһȭڵϵӰĿûпֻüһҽУѾ
ڣнˣһͷߵĺǣɫĳë裬ŲǾʬ壬Ѫ˫һ˿¶ȵĶԼ
ͨһǸͯӳȻںǵע֮£ŵһƨ˵ϣûм˿ֲ
ڣȻû£ͬ˾⡣
ħ𣿿ֲֲ̫ˣ
Ҫ֪ǲûɢκεƻֻվӵһϡ
ȻǵѿȻ¶һ˿ŪЦݣǼǷȻ⼸ֻСˡ
ڸ˵ĿУЩȻˡֻС
ٷϻϽʰǣҪǵץСڡѾ˳ˮ֮Уģ᲻һ˿
ͷԼ촽ǵ죬ԳԣӦòڷ˽ʱҪܣǿֱӳ˰ɣ
ǵĻٴŵ˵ϣֻȻڷ˽ʱ򣬾ͳԹ
޷飡
⵹Ҳ֤ˣΪʲôֻԶԶҪǿĶࡣ
һֻֻʬ嶼ûˣʣֻһһֻСֻֻңǵĿĶŶɡ
İԼ˵ʳҶˣη壬˿Ҳ̲סŭΪħǾ㣬֪֪ѾûгֹħˣֻҪҽݹȥԻĺܿ죡
ʲôУý㻹ܻŴ뿪𣿡ĵûкڿЦҲûңֻڸһʵ㻹ͬ飬ʵʳ
𣡡
ٴγ֣ûսûֻԼͣݺһҧ˶ɵʺ֮ϣĴ˽ȥѪӿȫĿС
ɵԲ۾ŤϴĲʺţԼϰĽ֪ӭ˶λҲնɱ˶λȻû뵽ԼȻһһֻһֻħĿУΪʳ
ǱӦ
ɶǺǵһ֮УûӶѾˣҪӣǻûҪƴں˫Ѫɫ۾ĵ£Ҷ
һʱ֮ıʳֱ𱻺Ǹʳˡ
Դڷ˽ʬ֮ҲϰַʽϾݵΪİ취
οǱ͸ʳǵʬ壬û˿Ĳס
۵ЧѾɢǶΣۼһźǵǣѾ˻ˣһȥģ֪Ҷ𣿡
ղֻ˽һЩйػǰ˵һЩ롣ǿڵҲǰڶѾȥ֮ˣҶ䣬ֻ֪Ǹ˽뿪Ȼ취Ϣ
ֻ뿪³أ뿪֮ûãӰһòϣȻΣü֮ȴǳеֻۡ
ԣһλһɫβ͵Ůüͷ΢һѪζӦǷ򶷣أûиǴȥϢôҲˣ
Ŀޱ飬üĵ۾֮ͻȻһ⣬ͬٲһ㣬ͬճڵƬȫ
ӳ֮£ȻĸֳһӰ񣬺ȻǸղŴǳ֣һֱ뿪֮Σ
֮ŮӾȵĵħޣȻħ޳ΪħĴ°
ջеĽ⣺ҵֻ


1279 ʥ
жųǵĲ¥֮У˵ǰڱ˼ֻڷ˽ʵǿ壬ϢҶ͵һ£æ䣬ϸġ
˵⼸ո죬ͽǵȫɱʬ޴棬пǳˣϢ˱ļǿ壬壬ĺѾʼѰǵ䣬ҪģҪġ
壬ܹɱⲻܰɣʵӦúܴ󰡣
˵ǲܣ޾ԣҲ⼸ʥ޻ߺأ룬ǸҶҲس֣Ŷõʱ䣬Ѿ˻죬¡ȻЩǿ߱ȼ硣
˵ҲǣǼ֪𣿡
֪壬뿪³֮󣬾ʧ٣Ŀǰû֪ȥӦòز˶ãģ
Ҷûټˣ˿ѾԿ϶Ǽӷ˽壬Ǻǣ
ˣҶĺЩյֵǣû뵽Ҳ˻죬ϢʵҶܵ˼¡
ֻϧ֪ĿǰںδȻĻҶ̾ͻȥǻϡ
˷ܹ˷ܣҶûлͷǸո쾹Ȼɱ˽ͱһ¨ӣԼһΪһЩѰҵĶ
¾ûô򵥡
ҶԺ̫˽ˣȻǶǿһºսǾԲԵ޹ʵɱˣȻҲǾͺ۸϶ǼҪǵ鷳ɱ
ô˵Ҷõ֮ҪϽҵǣ
ڻû֪ǺԼĹϵһ֪ǿɾͲֻѰˣһУȫ֪飬Ҳ϶ᵽԼ䣬ʱһȻ˲³ߣ˵ǵĴԼҪΣգ
ôң
ޱߣԼӰԴ뿪ˣһ·֮ϲ֪˶ٰ·ȴȻû뿪ֻ֪ڱ֣ԼڸϵҲͬҲǡ
ֻ취ˣͬŪĶ֪ҵλã
İҶ룬һҶԼᴦڼΣյľأϾ֪ж˵Ҫ¶ݺλãǽԼ͵Щ˵С
Ϊ˱ΣգҶҲ˲ˡ
ֻǸŪĶأ
ɲ˽磬ҶîҲһɱһЩСආҲ𲻵䶯Ч
ĥ֮Ҷ뿪˲¥
֮һȺжųǸεͻȻ˼ֻһڣȻûͬ궼ɵˣҵʱֻǲظһ仰ʥ䣬
ͬһ籩Ѹٴжųܱ߰ȻڲϵŸԶĵطݡ
Ϊ̺ʵ̫Ϊˣ
֪еǿΪʥʥеǿʥؼԶжӦʥ˵ܹоż
ֻû֪ЩʥλںδȻӵˣҲᴫȥҲ⣬ΪֻԼɱ֮
ʥļֵ޷ϡ̶Ϲŵһ澭Ͼֻһʥȴоż֮࣡
ˣ˵̾˲³ϮȺܵˣбȻһʥһ𶦣ʥ֮һͬʱҲˮϵʥޣϵһ𣬴𰸺ԣˮϵʥ䶦
䶦ĺ䶯ԶԶ˴ʥսĹʾӳȻ̾иɳжųǸ
ʵϵͣСɼҲԸûᣬҪԼûܹѰ䶦䡣
ȻҲһЩˣûм뵽УֻΪԹߣעһУԼĸп
ʥսʾӵķ粨ոճ䶨ˮϵʥ䶦֣ôˣԽԽˣֻǲ֪ˮϵʥ󵽵׻Ứ˭ңҲ֪ε飬ǸҶûйϵ
䶦ֵϢֹǺҶйأҶΪΪڣû֪ӵй䶦飬µǧ˪ʱҲֻó˻۾Ᵽ˹䶦
ǣȴ֪Ҷй䶦飬ֻҪ䶦ϢǾܲ³ӦҶΪӶϹҶ͡
¶䶦Ҷ¶ԼҪȫĶࡣ
Ҷжų֮ĵסȴŴ˷ϸϹЩڹ䶦ǣ


1280 
һµʱƽжųǷӿ·ܻۣԽԽӿ˽ջ¥챬һų֮⣬ųɰǧغȺܱ֮أͬΪʤżһ㣬֯׷ԸԵķͼܹѰҵһЩйع䶦˿
˵ȴ˵ܣѾһ֪ĴߣȻҪˡ
ֱڣȻû˭ܹҵ˿йع䶦Ϣ
ҶȻǼϢĲ¥֮УŴԱƽҪֵĶĴ֣ĵˣˣˣˣǰʦֹʾӵ˼ȫˣһһЩδӣ䶦ȻʦֵĴлҪˣ۹ξȻ͵ֻ࣬˰׼Һ޼ҡ
һУҶʼմжųǣʮֵ͵Ĺ۲ĸ֣мвϤףҲһЩδˡ
ĿĲҪͬЩֶԾֻΪ˵ȴǵĵκ˶ҪЩ˸òκζ
ȻҲе㵣ģǺǰô֣мĿܻᱩ¶ǵݣĻȻҲٸΣա
ˣ
¥֮ͻȻһĽŲһŨü۵ҶϲԾķһЦ⡣
ʥվȻҲˣ
ֻǺųϢͨҲһκйع䶦Ϣ
Ҷ뿪ʥӵʱ򣬹ݺһ£ں׷ʹ϶ҶйϵټˡٴܶҲɱ
Ȼճ˲ٵĿͷǻȻĳжųǣ緢ӣƺ˿׷ɱ
յҶʵһֱܺ棬˵ʥ֣ͨ۵㣬Ҷ϶йʲôҪôǳĸ֮¡
¥֮ΪɨһȦ֮󣬿ռһӵҶʱ¶ЦݣߵҶǰһƨɾĵֵܣ
ҶԵ֮ˮһģȻϲҶҲסЦ⣬ĵ˵ͷ
֮վʹ˻ϻӣʼϲĺҶ٩֪˿һĻΪҶʶĺѡ
Ҷ;ţҲ˵Ϊ֪ԼĻһϼ޻ȹԼ˵ĶˣпıԼݡ
˰ΣҶʵȥˣ׼뿪ʱͻȻֻ˸ֵܣû˵ֵļӷ˽ǿ飿
仰ɹҶĺ棬ΪǼҪȴĺǣ
ҶȻǲɫֻƽĵͷ˵Ī֪ǵ䣿
ٺ١Ҷ˷ӦԵΪĵʵҲ֪ۿǱ˳ɽУ
סˣѵǱļҵˣ
ҶȴȻԼ
ǵǣǾĺܣһ·׷٣ƺҲǳжųǶֻ·ɽʱɱ˳ФӣФɳˣɽסǡ
·ˣ
ûãҲһ֮ǰɡ
Ŷ
Ҷ˵ͷûټ˵ʲôǿԼ˰죬ջɣȻվ뿪
Ҷļ٣ߵļΪæԲûע⵽¶һĨЦ
Ҷû뵽ǣ뿪֮İʱ֮¥֮г˼Ϥףֱҵա
ЦݵĳΪӵּ֣ˡ
۹ҵķȻľؼҺҵļλǿߡ
ȻһϳɱĵȷѾ֪Ҷˣ
ȻңѾԹԵǰ˳ɽֻҪڸɽ֤ܹҵ
ãץҶ۹Ȼᱣ㣬֪ƭң۹һɱ㣡
仰֮󣬷Ȼתߡ
뿪ıӰĦԼ°ͣϵЦݾǿ˻һôƭأҰͲǺҶֻ˫ҲлõʥĴа
ҶҶҲҪңҽ㵱ֵܿȴ뿪֮ʱͱһҪǲĻҲˣ


1281 ·
ԭڴʥӵʱܹ֮ƽ뿪ΪҪ۹ҵҶΪȡ۹ıӻ
ҶΪԼǳأıòȴû뵽ڹ䶦ûг֮ǰѾжųˣһסһ£˱˵Ļɣоհߡ
죬վΪҶҲյϢ֪ӱӳļҶƲҶʶ֮Ըֻ̽Ҷֱĳ֣ڳɹҶȤ
۹ֻɳҳʵϷȻȻҲǰ͵͵жųǡ
Ȼ֪Ҷݣ۹׼ĵжųǶֻ֣ߣڳɽú壬Ҷĳ֡
۹պɹĽҶƭ˳ɽ
뿪¥ҶһжǺ֪飬˴˳ɽλ֮̾뿪жųǡ
һܵʱ䣬ԷܶˣҶҪϵɽ
ɽжųǵľҲϰĹҶϢռĳţȻǵ壬ʵǿʤƾãҾ˵ɲǺܸɾĳЩһЩϵ
ʲôȻû֪ˡ
Ҷļ٣ϢԽ˲ţٶȸϵɽȻ˴ʮ֮Ҫٴδ˲ŵʱȴ򲻿ˣ
ô£
Ҷſʶۣȥһ֮£üͷšһ
Բʮ֮ڵĿռ֮Уһֵ·ҲƣҲ˵ƬȻ󷨸ˣͬոһ
ҶܣԶ֮һɽɽ׸ߣɽϴ󲿷ֶǹͺͺģֻǵɫֲͬһɽһʮƽû˿ĵط
ΪʲôҪﲼһ󷨣һֻܽܳĵ󷨣
ȷֻ֣ɽҰ룬ʮҲһ飬Ȼȴ˲ϧ󶯸ɸ꣬ﲼһ󷨣ƺһȴ
ҶеŭԼҲǹùģ˲ŵĳڿﲻãƫƫ֮УԼֱ͡
˰죬ҲûĿģҡҡͷˣ취ƵƸϽ뿪
ҶԴˡˡ֮󣬶֮˸˽⣬ڽ£ܹס󷨻Ĳˡ
Ȼ׼ʼʱȻͷֵļӰ
⼸˶һװ磬о£ѿʵͣ˿ǵ϶ŹЦעԼ۹⣬һȺڶһֻһ
һӴЦŵ⼸治ͶѾǵ˰ɣٺ٣СӣϵʯԼһֵǮĶ뿪
ԷĻҶʱȻ⼸ȻԼһǰɱȺһģסдˣȻ١
ɱˣеη壬ϾҲ֪ܷȥҶȴ޿֣ЦЦʲôˣ
ϻ˵ʲôˣСӣĥ䣬Ծ㻹ǶֵĻ£Ҳˡ
ڵҶһʮƽͨ˵Ĵ磬Щ˸ûнȫһͷ
ҶĵǾ͹Լðɡ
ƲԳԷƣ˵֮˽һ󲽾Ҷ˹ȥ
Ҷʼմ򿪣ĿԼ߹ʱ·ߣȻ֪뿪󷨵ķ
Сӣ·
ž
䣬ҶѾΪɵľס˶ԷĲӣֱӽȻŲŶԷղߵ·ߣˮһ㣬󷨣⼸˵ǰ
ǰԲᳬʱ䣬ЩǿûзӦֱҶ͵Ľǵϵʱһǻع
˿̣ǵ϶Ǵ֮ɫһ˷ӦŸʲôϽһϣɱ
ž
Ҷֱһ˦ϣֱӸķ˳ȥ
ЩȻʵȫһ쾳磬ҶԸǸֵѴ֮
Щǿʶ˽Լˣﻹаǰ磬һ𣬳ηĿҶ
ҶĿעǵҲһᣬԼ˵ʲôˣҪǲԸ˵ĻҲֱӿǵ꣬Ļǵɾͱסˡ


1282 
Ҷɱ˸ǼǿĿУȻ֪һΪ𾪵Ϣ
Щ˿ǿʵȴǡþҶ׼ǰĳŵˣֻٰǿ·١
󷨣ȻҲǳеĸֲóģһ·ţ·ܹŴͬ󷨡
Ҷܹͨ˲ţж󷨣ǾԲõŸ󷨡
֮·ÿ겻֪ж˻֮УŵȻҲǼ˾˶졣
ǴŴɻе㱳ģǾͻᰵгȥ󷨣ŶԷ뿪ҶСĻǾͻ٣Ȼ֪ͨǰ󷨣˾ͷС
ܲǮģҲͺɱˡ
õٷʽȻΪЦջȴķᣬҸûҵǣȻ뵽Щ˾Ȼͳйء
ֻϧǿˣҶǰδһΣͲסҶڶΣߵҶǰ
˽ǰҶԼʱһξͬǴһȺǿˣ˫ǱΪ飬ͬۡ
û뵽ڻ죬ȻҲͬ顣
ȻԳţǣһʱ䣬ǳɽǼôˣ
壿
⼸˵۾ãȻ֮ɫʲô壿
ɱФӵǼ壿
֮ӣûаǰ֮ӻģʲôʱɱˣѵڳˣʱ䣬ɽϵȷڲô󣬾˵ΪҪԸһҶˡ
ҶȻ˹Լƭˣ
տѾϳԼҲµԼͺ֮ŹϵԹԼṩ˼ϢԼǰɽʵϳɽͲú壬ȴԼȥ
Щǿбʳǰ˸󷨵λã֪˳ŵĿɽȻ۹Ϣ֮ҶԥĽȫɱ
Щ˶ӯͨʱ򶼲ŹʵŸɡ
ǿ֮ҶվԭأƵˣֱӽﲼõ󷨸ƵȻǰ
ʱ䣬Ҷһ·µİ˸ȫ飬װǿĳҲԻУһҲδѡ
ǰʣһ󷨣ɽҲѾ̫ԶˣҶȻǴǰҪԸԼˣκεĴ
ۻۣҪɱԼôԼҪɱĺ
һ֮صʱѾҹȴԶһɽ֮ʢУвǾۼ
ҶȻ˹ȥһȺںȾƣ⣬Ⱥ˵м䣬ڷһž޴Ƥһӣ߸һɴ£ֵŮĻ
һ״󺺶еľƱӵǺãͷľʹźþƺò˹ǣȸΪ
ƺҶеɱʢȻǳФıФһ
Фһ΢΢һЦһŮķ֮ºȵ˱еľƵΪ˱ųûΪȻҪҵллˡ
̫ˣӦġ
Ҷڰ˰֮վ˳עȺ˵λԱ㣬Ҳʱ·ˡ
ˣ
ФһͻȻеľƱ飬ͬʱƬɽܣͬȰĳĸӰֳĸǣǡýҶΧ
һ£ڵϵȫվȫ˸Ե׼Ҷ
״ЦСӣǰ˴󷨣ѵΪǲ֪㣬֪϶Ҫ׼һУͶأ
ʱĽ֮ϵĸӰӺڰ֮˳ĸˣǳȵĲ񣬿ԿӦöǶˡ
ФһҲƿߵλŮֶһ˿ЦݿҶ֪ǺηʥΪҪҰ˴󷨣ɱôֵܣ
ҶȻΧȴ˿ңɫƽĵФһǳźôҲǴŴɣúУµðǿ·٣ɱ޹ۣѵƣɱ𣿡
ƣɱФһȻͷʾͬҶ˵ͻȻһ壬˫֮к䣺Ҳֲ֣û´ĻӦþҶɣ
Ҷ˫ĿĿФһûҲûϣôжϳģ
Ƶһ󷨵ʱҾͲµݣ
仰Ҷһ
ò˵ФһǸֻ֪ΪӵܣǷǳͷԣĺļһ
ȻҶƵһ󷨵ʱͲ³ҶݣȴδƾҶƵߴ󷨣˴ˣĿģΪҶǰھŴﲼõ֮У


1283 
Ҷ׼ôأ
ҶɫƽΧ˵İΧݷӶδһ
ФһЦҶ˵ܿ񣬽һȻ鴫ҷȰһ䣬ʱ˻ǵ͵á
Ҷʵ𣿡
ߣҶ·һ·ǽϵжǴʥսĴУҹҿͷٸеֵǿͷҾͷ뿪ڶ·벻ϸ˵˰ɣ
ФһڼȻ³Ҷݵ£ȻסĿģΪҶϵĺö
ڵĻڣ΢ϢͨĶ֪ҶڴʥеõսĴУ˭۲أ
Фһ֪ԼҶ߸׵ĻôҶϵĶ뵽۹УԲԼĳ֡
Ҷ˵ͷФһ̴ǲڵ۹ĻҲΪ񷽰Ȼǿߣֻϧ˳ţһֻ۹ɣֻܵ͵Ϊ̫ߵĻڡ
Фһڲٶ˵´£
ĸٴҶ̤һҶȻ壬ȻФһ˹ȥ
ৡһһ˵Ҷǰͷ°Ͷ׼ҶҶҪΪɱ˼ļǿ߾޵ˣˣ죬ԶбˣȰ㻹ǹԹĻͷ϶Լһ·
˵ʵߴ죬Ȼʿ϶緽ȻˣʵȴǱҪǿϾţԲûнҶ
ҶٴεͷҺͬ˵ˣ죬ԶбˣȻ֪ôΪʲôҪң
˶ʱ¶ɫȻ̧Ҷȥ
ž
һӰ˳ȥҶλˡ
˶Ҷǿ֮ҶѾ֪˶˶ˣǿߡ
һĻе˶ǴһФһĸ֣ԭΪ϶ܹɶԸҶȻû뵽ҶȻǿ˹һ־ͽһָ˳ȥ
ĸǰҶľ棬»еΣգڿսľ֮ڵµʱӲǽӷ˽ģҲǵѪ磬ΪֲѷＯСɽһߵ龧ʯȫˣ
ô龧ʯԵֵһƷ龧ʯ֮ͬħµһųˡ
龧ʯֻ̺ǴҶգκεĸá
ĽҶִͨѨֱλ˫Ӵ̫ԨѨ
֮ҶѡѨλΪ̫ԨѨλڶ֮Ѫʢֱۺƣ̫ԨѨٴƷͬٲһ㣬ǿޱȡ
ҶȫΪʮôδ̫ͨԨѨ֮ǰܷųֻΪˣȻȴǿԶһɣﵽš
Ҷĸ˵һҲ˲õˡ
ˣҶ׵Ľλĸָȷɳȥ
ȻһλվһûжĶĸЦŵ˵ͬ˫ǿޱȣȻˣҲⲫҵҪ㻹ʲôͣ
˶ԷҪԾϵԸҶ
Ҷȫ֪Լʲô磬Ϊûлֵı׼ݣΣΧתǹ
ȻҶҲͲںʲôˣ׷ıǳд֮ϵĵ׷ս
ԣ
ҶĴ𰸣λĸҲǲȻŭһָһɽɭɭ֮˲̳ɱ˪Բ֮ڸƮ˰ƴСѩ
Ҷվԭظȵɽ̵ǰŶȻ̧֣ɾһȭ
䡱һɽֱը˿ͬһ㣬˳Ҷȭͷȥ
еɫĵ֪ҪֱӹߣΪǷɽҴӱڤԭ֮ռ֮
˲ĹҶұ֮ϾѾһ˪Һڼӣƺ뽫ɱ顣
ʱҶȻһЦһǱ˪ǺȻȫڣҲֱۣûһŶԷлûˣ
𾪣ӣҶȻ֮ˣģ
Ҷһ˿Դ˵֮ģҲܵգκε˺
ʱФһȴԾɫ䣬ղűҶɵĶ˵һֱֽɱ˰ɣϣҪҶ滯


1284 滯
綼ﵽ˶ͬʱǰÿ˵϶Ƶ貣ͷ֮Ҳֳ˸ԵȻҶһľ룬ǿѹȴγɽҶѹȥ
Ҷǿȫʩѹ֮£Ҳеѹ΢΢һȻסȴ˿
ղ㲻Ǻܿôˡ
ĸٴľɽֱǰֱɽ궼ھҲͷ֮ŵķǷؼҶͷųȥ
ɱ
ͬʱļȻɳƺѾѹ޷Ҷ˹ȥ
һ̣Ҷ֮϶ȻѪɫ棬Ӧ֣֮˲˺˱Ŀռ䣬˻һ⣬ĳ˳ȥ
䣡
ɫڣһܻ𺣵磬Ȼһ˵֮ϣȵĻ˲佫ԷϵķۻҶ̩ͬɽѹӿֱӹᴩ塣
飡
ɫһ˰̵֮ƣ̺ҶĴֻ֮ͬƣѹ˵壬֨죬ֱȫըѿ궼ըķ飬
ﬣ
ҶüĴ򿪣һɫСˣѾӵоŽؽѪͬһɫһ㣬ֱ˵üġ
ҽУѪ䣬ѪֱӴ̴˵üģ񱩵ݿһ㣬׵Ľʳ˷顣
ת֮䣬˾ҶУʣȻδȴѾŵϣź󷽼ˣ˲վǧ׿⣬ֻţδעŻȼŻҶ
ֹгŵҲȫɵˣ״󺺣֮ڵεδµŻǵĻɫҺ壬һ֮ζȻѾˣ
ҶȴǸûпκˣѪ˫ĿֱĶɫɷ׵Фһ󲽶У˲ǰ
Фһֻܸһ··
Фһ̫սթҶԲȥ
ФһҲҶǿ嵽ˣҶĻȴ¶׹⣬һЦ˭һأ

һФһͷ֮ϺȻֳһɫĹϴӣ֮£ȵͬһ˷ϯȥ
ͬʱһ޴ӰӴ֮иֶһ뷢ŵߣ˫Ŀ֮䣬貣һŴ֣Ҷֱץ˹
Ҷɫһݣǻ𵴳Ӵ֮ӿߣԶܿġ
ФһȻ˸ĿУȴһ̾Ϣ׻ǾĻ֮Ҫ͵һʱˣȵأٸһ塣
ۿߵƾͿҪ䵽ҶͷʱͻȻˡһ죬һɫӰӴҶڸҶͷ֮ϣĺɫâı̳
ৣ
ߵ̱С̼䱬ը
Ȼߵ۾֮ȴǸӵҫۣĶҶͷϵ𶦣Ȼ˵䶦
ǹ䶦Σʱ̣һ֣ס˴ӵߵƣҶһ
ߺ䶦֣ҶеɱŨˣû뵽֪ʲô߾Ȼʶ䶦һԼӵй䶦鴫ȥԼǴ粽ˣԱҪɱڳˣ
䶦ٴͷųڹ⣬߷˹
߸ոձը̼۳ΣԼǰƶһ̵Ķһһһ䶦Ĺâ
ҶͻȻһֳѪͷ䶦Ҳ߷˹
¡¡
غѪ磬Ҷһߵ̴ûѪҶһ𣬶Էˡ
Ҷ˱ԼĽսͷǱѪгֵֻϽڡ
ȻߺϽͬһڣӦûڵеʵ˶ַʽԼĺ
屻̴Ӱ̱ڣ˫۶ҶС֣ҼסˣҪǸҶһ
ȥɣ
ҶȶԷ˵꣬һӳ䶦ҲǼΪϣһĥ̴ϸĺڹ⡣
˫ع֮£߸⣬ķŭû˵Ļ׵ɢ˿֮С
䣡
Ҷͷ䶦Ѫһ£ٴγФһǰ
ФһǺˣĻҶɢˣﻹܵסҶ
ҶĮĵ㻹ʲôҪ˵𣿡
Фһ嶼΢΢ȻɫĽҶ㲻ɱңҪɱңүү̳صġ


1285 ʶ
ФһĻҶ¶˳ЦݣȻ֪˭ӦҲİ۹͵嶼ֺοүү
Ҷֱһָ£ФһĵȫΪȻһŽ߷ڵأ˻һ磬Щŵˡ
ȻҶɱ䣬ǸղФһүүȻԼϲй䶦飬ǰЩ˶ˣҪڡ
ЩƽҲǻ϶մѪɱҲе
ͬȺڳЩαװǿĳˣһľ磬ܹҶĶ֣ӣαȵùҶĲת˲֮䣬˾ѾȫܣΨһλĸҲ⡣
Ҷ²ȾѪߵѾɵФһǰڵĻᣬֱӽģʼĶһм䡣
ڳţҶûʲôȤФһүүϽܹһ˿ͬһĶеķ
Ƭ֮Ҷһѻ𣬽صʬǺѪͳͳոɾת뿪
ԭ׼ǰɽģڿФһ֮ͷΪ˳ɽϲú˵Ĵ֮⣬۹ɳһλĳǣټФһүүھλ֣Լȥ˾ȥ޻ء
Ҷ˲ţʵжųҲ޷ȥΪһȻǷԼûǰɽȻҲ޵ǵǿܻȻжųǵķ򲻶ϴԽֱȷ׷ٵԼ֮󣬲жųǸѰ˴صĵطͣ
ȴҲиô˼ĵط٣׾ҵһ֮أˣҪʶҵһˣҲǼΪѵ顣
Ҷһɽ֮УҽܵĵƵóһ򵥵󷨣󷨵УĿ˼
Фһ֮УҶϸ˽⵽һֶ˵ȫµ֮ֱ
ڷ˽ʿ˵ʶҲãʶҲգô̫Ȼ˾죬ʶͻʶ֮Ϊʶȴ൱ã֮¡
ҲΪʲôרķռȴûκˣ۶ǰȥԭΪߵʶΪǿʶĹҲǼΪ¡
˵˾ı־ʶĳ֣Ϊ˵Ѿͳںϵһ𣬲һ㣬ҶȴѾˣԻǾ仰оѾû˿Ժĳ߶Ⱥͱ׼
˵ҲԳΪʶ
һ죬ʶ֣
죬ʶܻ
죬϶Ϊһ
죬γ⻯
Ȼ˵ʿ鳾ʱ򣬾ԳͳԼķҷҲ߱սǺսʱΪƷҲҪļ
ͬʱͷųŸȷΪ׳ۣǶҲʮ־޴ԭһõȴҪָŸãһҪԼƾŸˣֲ֪˶ʱ䣬鳾ű˵ǻʵʵá
Ȼγɵ⻯ȴǲͬ
⻯ֻһͼͬǿ󣬶һһؼӵԼ˼άֱһԼ
ФһүүϽڣǶǽԼ֮УһԼĺΣյʱ˿ͻ⻯ԿˣȻΪֻһ˿Ҳܹʹȫս
ˣҲǿĿˣϽڵĻ㽫ҶУФһүүĻƵĹ䶦Զ࿹
֮⻯޷ţҶˡ
ĥԼôһ⻯
뷨ҪǱκһ϶ЦЦҶΪֻ˲ӵеҶڶ죬Ҳģ
ҶȴЩ⣬һٶûжɹķˣȴ¾ˣһЩ˿õǿ߶Ķ֣˵ȥмܹţ
ӵõѪҶߵľһȫ֮ͬ·ڣǺͱ˵ĵ·޴Ա˲飬룬˲飬
ǰһսʶԼĿǰսӦ൱ڶľ磬Ѫ֮ڣܹڶʱĽ졣
ܹӵ⻯ĻԼͬʱʩչѪ֮ڣԶؾŽˣҲһƴ֮
ǲ߱ұȱ˶ôҿɲԽ⻯أ


1286 ǧ˪
Ѫɫɫ
ʡƷУҶ֮вת
ںɫԱߣһ˿СָϸĺɫӰΧڴʥڤ֮ӰصӰӡ
Ҷ΢һԥʹ߶ڰҲǵسų˿Ӱ˽ȥ
ҶҲ뷨Ӱӻڤ֮֮س֮УûʲôףӦûǿس
źɫӰӵĽ룬سɢĹâȻһЩ
ν⻯أ
Ҷϵ߶仰ͬʱҲǷתĥŷɸΪ֮ʶûУôܸһԳķ
֮ҶҡҡͷеøԶˣ·ûѧᣬˣӣҪںϳʶܹȻҸоһ£Ҳпܡ
ͬںʶҲķϾʶǻʶǿŵģֻҶԼܹ֪ĵʵ޷߸ںϵһ
۾Ҷվеɥչ֮һ֪ǰФһ֮УӦѿںʶķֻȸõһߣպ취ˡ
һǻжųȥɣ۹ն뵽һеӻȥ
Ҷĵĳ˺ǵİΣ֮⣬Ҳ˸һǣǾФһүүФƳѾ֪Լӵй䶦飬ϢɢȥĻǿ»е˶ҪԼ
ФһļУҲ֪ФƳĿǰڱչأʱڻʱҪ̫⡣
ҶȥԼµ󷨣ԼڹкۼͳͳĨɱɲκε˿Լĵܹ׷Ѱĵ
׼Ե֮ˮٴθıԼòʱͻȻԶһˣԼڵķһʱ֮䣬ҶҲıò㶼ûط㣬ֻתߡ
Ҷ
ȻȴһϤ΢΢һľȻǧ˪
ǧ˪жųǣҶһ㶼֣ڸΪԣԹ䶦ûȤĻǲǹˣ
ֻҶû뵽ǧ˪һܵϾжųǻһξ룬˼
ȻԷѾϳԼҶҲþ뿪ת΢Цĵĺδּ꣬ˡ
㣡ǧ˪ͬ¶ϲ֮ɫ˹ſھ͵ҾͲ϶ҲϾǿˮϵʥ䶦˭ܲģ˶ˣûдʲôϢ
ҶĵЦˣǧ˪Դ֮г֮⣬Ȼû뷨ˡ
ûС
Ҷҡҡͷôһܵˣ䶦ֵĵطжųǸ
֪ǧ˪ƲƲ죬Ϊĵ˼ƤҵõϢˣոոϹжųܱǧķΧ֮ڶ˿Ҫ˸׳ˣֻԶģ˼ĵطˡ
ҲĳѵΪԼĺܹҵ䶦
ҶסЦҰɣеҪˡ
ҶҪߣǧ˪ǻعˣһԴɫˣˣҲҪء
ʲô£
˵ϢһϢ׷ɱ㣡
ҶЦŵϢѾ֪ˣ׷ɱҵ˻൱Ķࡣ
ǧ˪ȴҡҡͷһ¥Ϣ㣬ʵΪ˻׽㣬ϱʳһЩܣҪ׷ɱˣȴֻǵҪɱ㣡
Ҷһݣʵˣ۹壬ǼѰԼĿģӦΪѪսĴУûеõЩ֮ǰǲɱԼ
Ȼǧ˪ȴ˵ʲôͼֻǵҪɱԼ⻹Լû뵽ġ
֪ʲô𣿡
֪һ;ڵʱ伸һİɱ֯
Ҷû˵һֵ֯ȡʮֵİ
ǵģ֯ʮأһУûмܹ֪ӵеʵȴǿĿ£ֻҪһͽǸɱκˣɱλۣ
ɱۣҶŸе𾪣Ҳ̫˰ɣ۶ɱһɱüλ
ݴԣӳ񣬽ܵѾʧֵĴȴָʧֵĶҲǺպλħۡǰʹʥսڡ


1287 
ǧ˪ⷬҶ𾪵ˣ
ȻɱԼʦʦֵˣҿʧˣ
ˣҪĵ㣬ʵ̫ǿˣǵ۹ҲԸǡ
֪ˣлˣ
ȻһеȷҶе𾪣ȴη壬ȻԼʦʦֶʧ֣Լͬ
ֻǺ֣ʲôίԸԼҾҪԼںԼϵĶ
֮ҶѾǲԼ׵˶ˣȴԿ϶ԼˣҪô֪ԼѪҪô֪ԼõʦսĴУǸոձԼɱФһүүФƳҲ֪Լع䶦
˵ЩȻԼǺ֮ǣҲӦڵõԼϵЩ֮ɱԼ
֮Ҷʵ޷Ʋʲô˺ԼѾ޵ֵز
˵ϢҪң⣬ʲôϢ
ǧ˪ϺȻֳһ˿ڶϢǰʱ䣬ڿһĹõһЩ鵤ƺ͵ƶûн⿪ҽ۷ֱ˻ڼ۹µĶķ⼸ҶķӣЩ鵤չӭǰȥιƷȻҲԹ򡣡
˵ǧ˪ͣסˣ㽵ĿҶҶ֣һȥ
ʵǧ˪˵˿ͷҶ֪ˣԵŮӣôܻʢᡣ
òΪܼЩ鵤ɣҶҪܾԼ̫࣬Ȼܹͷ棬ȥ˶ķһղס֣ʱܱܿ¶ʵݣ鷳
ңȻ⼸۹ϽЩ鵤չ˵ҪôѾ֪ЩֵǮҪôļƷʦҲ޷
۹͵嶼ɵӣȻϻչȻȥôֻҶ˵ֿܡ
ļƷʦ޷ĻҶΪԼ
Ȼǧ˪ȴĵĵ͵Լˣĵľʵ㲻ȥģô֪أһһƷٿϰƷʯ
һ仰Ҷе㶯ˡ
ϵ龧ʯѾȫ꣬ȻһЩʯ׼ãΪҲֻ׼ΪʣҪЩʯȥȥĵӶΪԼӮøʯ
񲻾һĻᣡ
Ҷ̲ס׷һ飺һƷܹϰƷʯ
һƭ㲻ɣǻڵͳһ۸񣬶һٵģƷʦǰһƷӽһǧƷʯ
Ҷ˿ĭ׼ʲôʱǰǣ
һҪ⸽ҿ䶦䣬ȻǰǣǺܺңĴһǣ͸ӻһڳռ˵̣ȻҲˣ˵ɴҲȥˣȸҹ䶦ֱȥǡ
Ҷǧ˪Ҫٴ䶦ˣǻ˻ȥҡҡͷ滹ҪҪ죬ʱֱȥ㡣
ðɣ
ǧ˪һ˿ʧ䣺¥ڻҲһЩҵǿִͷĵط¥ģ㵽ҵҡ
ҼסˣǻǼ
Ҷ˹֣ǧ˪֮󣬾ͼæ뿪һû˵Ľ䣬±任һףߺ·˸ı䣬ΪҪһжųǣĺǻᵽ
ȻҶո׼뿪ʱͻȻֲܴһ˿΢üͷ𣬽ôˣôˡ
ˣ
ͻȻһ֮гֱ֣ҶŴﶸȻһѪҺ͵ط¼ƶһԱ˳ʮԶ
ꡱһ򴦵·ȻĽһѷ졣
ʲôˣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ磬ܣΪֱڣȻûпֹԼˣԼǷӦĿ죬ղŲѾ˲⡣
ǲµ˳ֵˣӦþǸصɱ֯
û뵽Ļô죬ԼѾıò֮ǾȻԾܹҵԼ
ղŲǵõǧ˪ѣԼҲǸͿ
뵽ǧ˪ҶȻ֮ɫ׶ԷΪʲôܹҵԼˣ
ԷȻѾ֪Լǧ˪ʶȶǧ˪ʼڰиһ·ҵԼ
Ҷӹһ˿⣬Ļȷֲ̫ˣҪ֪Լǧ˪ʶ¥˶֪ǾȻܹ֪


1288 
Ҷûʱȥĥ֪Լ¥ʶģΪԵͻȻٴѿһ˸źĽУͬɵĶһȻ˳
ž
Ҷûٶ㣬Ȼ֣켲磬һѿס˶Էս󣬿ŭһҹ
ҶֱһһȻӲĽֽ˴֮иק˳
ৣ
û뵽˵һֱֻֻ֮ӳһذף쳣ֱӲҶͷƤҶļͷ
ҶŭˣסԷָٴηǰɡһֱӽ顣
飬˾Ȼ߶һذͻȻ𣬳Լֵ֮ݺݿȥ
Ѫ䣬ϣ
ಡһռ֮ٴγһѷ죬˻һ⣬ա
Ҷٴһһ֮ҲٺˣǻĴûм˺ݵģΪߣȻԥĿԼƣͳɺݾҲʵ
֮еÿɱֶηɱϣѹΪʢҲֲɱ֯
ҶöԷôߣִԽյķʽ˵Сˣõո֮ҲִԽյķʽˡ
ȻˣͲҪ˰ɣ
£Ҷֱ˫˺ǵûüպϵѷ죬˽ȥ
ûոĴԽʵǷǳΣգΪǸڣпͷգٴгͲ֪ںδˣпܾԶ֮С
ҶҲ˲ôˣҪץǸɱ֣ʳйһЩϢȻĻԼĿܵʱôĶ֪ҶѾٲȻܹоһ˿Ŀֲˡ
ɱͷҲصǰӴܣҶֱӻӡһѽץסҪȻͻȻһ˿ٵʶ˲Ծæ֣ͬʱͷѷ֮塣
䣡
Ҷոճյһɲǣ֮дһ춯صľ죡
һǿҵĳݺݵײҶϣײɳȥǧԶͷʱ䶼ûУײ֮ǰɿĳȥѪҺΪĿռǽƤһµ䣬¶һһСһڣֲ
ݣ
ҶٴԵķǸɱֱԼץ֮󣬾ȻϧԱ˳
֮ԱҶǿҲԻᱻըʲôʣ£ҿٵľʶ˲ԣǼһ
һӳȥԶҶͣͷȥĿռҳһƬһյھһſһȴɵ
ҶƬ֮ٴοʼɱΪղôĶѾ˲ٸˣ뽫Լ¶
ȻɱҶղŵһĻȻ¡
ʵֲ̫ˣɱɣΪ˲ԼץסȻϧԱԼͷβûпɱֵĳࡣ
Ժֶһ׮鷳£Ҷͷ۵ĵ˭ôңȻʲôҪֻΪɱңҳҲҪΪôɱȻʦʦܹʧ֣Ҳܣ
ȻҶĶԿȴҲòĺǿһʱڵʱ֯ǵĵ֮񣬸޴ġ
ǶԼĴɱŸտʼҽֻһɱ־Ͳ֣պԼȻˣΪ˰ȫҶɴʩչ˵֮ˮﵽ⣬ȫͷ棬ڹƾĪϲˣ
ԼȫҶõ֮ˮıòҶԼʶԼˣȻǳ˵㣬ܹȫһʱ˰ɡ
ǣҶͶڵ⸱ݣٴȻתжųǣжΣգʼյźǡ
Ҷ뿪⼸ʱ䣬жų֮е˲٣ԽԽ֮࣬ͷܶȻΪ˹䶦
Ⱥ֮УҶװй䣬ʵȴ͵˷ͬʱϣпԵõйغǵϢҲԼʶŴǿ״̬ɱֻûĸԼ
ȻһȦתȴʲôûз֣ûкǵϢҲû˸٣΢΢еʧڳҸطסϼ죬ûкǵϢĻͲò뿪ǰˡ
ϾҲ׬ȡʯĻᣬĵԽԽǿԽԽֲԼʵ
ʱһȴǴԺҶ磬ôôӣǲ˸ٰѾһֱڸŶ


1289 ׵

Ҷʵ𾪵˲У鵽ʲôı£ΪʲôԼʲôӣϳ
˵ĻһֱڸԼ
ܣԼǵ˸٣ʶʶѾȫ򿪣ڷԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣ˵˸٣һֻϴǷԼԼȴûвκ˵ĸ١
ٴ𣺡Ҷ磬Ǹ˸һҲڲϸıòλʮ׿⣬һɫ۵ӣԿһ
ҶɫĿǸλȷǿһӣòʮֵƽӹֿһ֮ͻǵĶ
ңӵ֮ϼûĲҲûɱȴһĽҵʵ
ԣÿθıòǷǳͨҲǸոշ֡
Ҷ𶯣ӦòƭԼҲûпԼıòײȻҲܿ˵ıĿ
ʮа˾žˣֻڲֶ̫ˣԼʶ
ǲҪұƵ̫ˣ
ҶһĨ׹⣬Ȼǿ󣬵ԼҲӣ˾ԼԼƱҲҪǸۡ
Ҷ磬ǲʲô°ҪҸȥˣгʢŶ˶ȥ
ļҲҪȥǣҶǲ⣬Ҳ޷ԹֻͨĬĬĵ˵ͷʾԼȥ
ǾڻǼˣҶټСǸŶ
仰֮ûȻѾ뿪ˣҶٴŸղǸ˿ȥȻֶԷȻҲ֮ʧˡ
ģ
Ҷһ𣬲ܲ˵ĴۣڷһȻʮ׿⣬ͬһͨ˼µΧһ˿ļɢȻǸղǸˣ
Էıòı֪˿ע⣬Ҷۣͽٴʧȥ˵Ӱ
ɶԷôͬһĸұҪǸЩˣ㲻һԵȫҲҪȽһ
ö֮ҶųȥٶȲ첻һһܿ뿪жųǣ߹ǧһƬ֮С
ѾһӰҶҲͣ˽ŲϷָ˱òһȦ֮󣬱˫ۡ
ɳɳ
ƬҶ֦ͷϢ£ǴҶĶȴǲھκˣҲףˡ
Ҷ˫ȻգͻȻһⱬһѪֱܵĳλ
ﬣ
ײ֮ѪѣҶޱ飬ִ󿪴ϣսʽŽķһȭȥ
飡
ĸоԼȭͷһ׳˶壬ҶȴԾûۣͬʱ̧ȻԼĺ󷽣ոӹһ˿Ĳ
Ĳֹһˣ
ʱ˿̣ҶȻ˫۽գԺ֮ȴһĻ棬òͨˣһǰһΧֻ˶·͸һ㣬ȻΧĻںһ
ɱֵĿ£ܹ֮Удɱ˷ʤҶ޷Լ۾ֻԼս
ɱָһû˿Ĺ󣬾ͬһƽ˼£ÿһδ̳ȴҶоһзĺ⡣

ҶһѪַ֮һɱֱ֣Ӵ͸壬Ҿ޴ɳȥԶһ֮ϡ
Ҷһţ֮ͻȻܳһɵȻײɱֵ֮ϣͬʱҶѪҺڣһ⣬ڶԷ֮ǰߣһץӲĿ˶Էʺ
ץһģ
Ϊ˷ֹԷԱҶֱӳ˶Էڣһһ㣬ݿ࣬ɾķϵȫΪ
˵ǵ׻жˣ
ҶעòͨˣȻԷȴޱ飬һɺѪӿԴ˲ȥ

˿ֲǿһɱ֯ȻԭʼķʽԼٴγҶϡ
ڶԷ꣬Ҷüѿʶͬһɫ̽˶Էüġ
ȻʱͻȻһɼӶԷüӿֱҶĻʶŵҶæ˳ȥ
䣡
һ촫ɱֵ걬ըˣͬԴը˸ϡãһ;ȻҲ֮ʼڻ˲仯һ̲ɫҺ壬˵¡
ĳ׵ףҶһ̽йǵһС
̫ˣ


1290 
˵ǸҶѪϵɱͬҲѾһ̲ˮ׵ʧ֮䡣
ɱ֣Ҷûż뿪ڴ˵
֪ɳ˶ɱɱԼԼѾɱҲģڵȣɱֳ֣ɱһһΣա
Ҷ죬Ҳûɱֳ֣վ룬һܹɱ֣Сһɱʲôʱᵽֻмˣֲ֪ˡ
Ҷ̾˿ԼӣҪʱʱ̿Ӱ֮ˡ
ٴθıòҶһεĻصжųǣµʱ䣬ȻûκйغǵϢ뿪ˡ
ͬѾдûд̽йع䶦Ϣ֮ҲòѰңǷ׷׶ǰǣǼڹĹ֮е鵤󲿷˶ȥ֡
ȻҶͬûвɱֵӰӣɲ˿ĵģڶ֮Уһǰǡ
ǣԻλģ֪Ҫԣ˲֪ۣҲ˲֪ǵġ
ҶȻδȥǣͨЩ˵̸ۣȴ˷ΪʥַĳЩ˽⡣
ӻ⣡
ǧ˪ڻǵʮ׼ȷǾһƼʻᣬ˶ľ޳ǡ
û֪ǺںʱΪ˵Ǵϵģλãк߽ϸĵͼϸо֮󣬷֣ڵĵطǡþġ
ϢһȻΪ˼ء
ǵ˲˼飬ȫеĻҲҪʱܽһȦ
ڸֽ۴αȣ׳ۣҲг־ʹڵģ֪ͬǺÿܶ·Ҳˣû˿ԺС
дҪռ˳ǣĽȴǱΧĲҾ磬Ϊġ
ˣЭ飬ռ˳еһЩطΪԼĵ̣Ҳ⣬˴˼ҲǺƽǽиƽˡ
֮ڻڵĵλǶһ޶˾ȡġ
һ·֮ϣҶҲ֪ˣλڵʢᣬļȫĴ
еԭ򣬼鵤ҲΪĹ˵ƲĹλ˲õĴ
ھ˭ȴ޴֪
ǵ޵ʿ乬ˣһ
ǵ϶ͷҲˣ
˵ˣǺ壬ӦҲ˰ɣǼ干ͬ۱򣬱˴˼乥ͬˣҿ乬ٸ˶˰ɣ
ǿδأ乬Ҳں۹ϵֶ࣬һۣһ䣬û׼˫ˣһѹ塣
ѹ壿ڿЦɣֻǱܣɱˣеĴʵ̫ˣ壬壬壬Ҫȫİͼƶ¹滮ˡ
ҶĬΧЩ˵ĶԻпŻڴ۸ӵƣԼ治֪ʦԼƷ죬׽ֻƷ۹ҪƷȫ
˽һµĳ;棬ǰңңȻŻľ룬Ѿܹһƻֺľ޴ǳأһްһһƬȺɽ֮С
һǵˣڻǵʵֻһ֣Ǿǡ
ǽ󣬳Ŵ󣬽ֵ󣬽һжǴ
ǽʯͷһ鶼׼֪ǵĴ
ߴ׵ĳǽ۾ܸоһϢѹҲΪִ󣬲еĻֺ׳ۣҲÿһʶԼСܣԿڶ޳ߵ׹ݣԴеĳ羴;ηûЦǡ
治Ϊģ
ҶȻҲǾ̾ѣҲǼʶ˲ٺΰĽûһܺǰ޳Ტۡ
ǳŴ󿪣ûκεʲô˶룬ȻҲõ˵¡
ھۼڼеĴ£֪ôġ
УҶ۾ˣһֺĽۻңƵĸ¥һջƬĹڣֻһƹݡ
ǲﾹȻ˺ݳޣȻҲǲͣڵһѣͬһֿݡ


1291 ֮
΢ľ¥һһķˣŻѾʮƷʯң˵ļիУõһٷļ۸൱һƷҲʯԵȻǷƷ˵η裬Ҳ޼ˡ
ڻ˷ˣǲԻǮĸǲǧҪСκˣ֮ϣǺ«Сͯӣܿĳҵĳϣڽֽǳź̵ϴүܿĳɵ
Ҷʶ˻ǵķݳޣﲻΪܵģҪʶһǼ鵤ԴӵõϢ֮⽫Ƶ֮ϣԼо˸ִ·һΪƷʦĵ·ջķᡣ
ڴ֮ǰҪҵǧ˪ȻĻķﶼҲ
ڳ˽ʱ֮Ҷڿһרεĵ̣һ֣Ȼ¥Ĳҵ
һ·֮ϣҶѾ۹ļҡҡҵȵĲҵڿ¥ĵ̣ΪпΪط˱֮ǰĵطҪࡣ
ɴ˲ѿȻ˵ʵ࣬ʵϻġ
Ҷ̣̾һλŮӭЦ绨ĵӺãʹҪʲôΣ
ŮӺȻһľ磬ȻΪ֮ˡ
ʱѾвٵѡΣҶеȵǣʮ֮а˸Ȼӡ
׹ˣЩ֮ⲻھƣ
¥Ϊ壬Ůۣе˶Ůӣò绨ƾ㣬ῡˣܹȢһλ¥ĵӣǾһȫĺ¡
ȻӴҶŮҲҶ׷֮һβסЦ⡣
ҶеΣѹҲεģǧ˪ġ
ȻҶѾС˸ˣǺڼ˵ĿȫҶϡ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҫǧ˪
ǧ˪ɲһĵӣ¥һеĵһˣδŮۣӵ֮ɫʷǷ
׷ǧ˪ˣųɶӵĻмس˭һ׷
ǧ˪ȴǲٴɫû˵˭ܹķġ
ˣЩҶȥżֺˣȻܵǧ˪Ȼеˡ
ȹЩṫӸϾ¶˳֮ɫ
ҲҸԼ
ǵ죬Ҳ֪ǴĸƧܳУȻֱӵ
ô˵˼Ҳ˲¶أҿû׼ĸĺᣬͬ顣
Щ䳰ȷҶû˿ı飬ʵڼ̫ˣȻϡ
λӴŮҲ΢΢һΪû˭ֱӵѰǧ˪ġ
λӣεģҪΣҪʦĻֻܶԲˡ
⵹ҲҶ֮Уǧ˪ô׼ԼԴҶЦŵˣģ˵ֻҪҵŵĲҵҵ
Ҷ˵⻰ãһ˵⻰Ȼٴ˵ЩүǵĲ
ţƤԽԽˣģ꣬ƭҲõɣ
мߵҶǰֱָҶıӵСӣᣬϽĻǶ㲻
ҶԴеۣǧ˪֪ܿͨЩʦǣԼҪ顣
ɾ鷳ˣ
ι˵أû𣿡
һƺΪ¥ŮǰһԼȻҶ˹ȥ
Ҷ޶ãƾԷԼϡ
飡
һҽдԼһԣҶУ˾
ҶԾɶŮͿĵûƭ㣬ɲ鷳֪ͨһһ˵϶֪˭ˡ
Ҳ֪Ҷ̬ȷʵϿңǱҶز¶ʵ𺳵ˣŮڶҶ˰֮ڵͷһ°ɣҪ£
лˣ
Ů뿪ղȺҶָָУ˹Ϊ֮˵Ҷû뵽㻹еŵղŴֵܣô㣿
Ҷɨһ۵˭Ҷˣ
Ƕˣ
ѵҶһ٣ߵǷǡ
ղλĻӦˣҲ£ԣüǵΣǾˮˮ


1292 Ʒ
Ҳҳȥ
ʵ޿̵ҪѵҶˣҲڵ£ֻή¥ǵĺøУϣҶܹȥ
Ҷɨһˣεĵͷðɣ
˵֮󣬵ת뿪˵̣󣬼˶ӿ˳
ҲʮʱȥҶ´ҡڵ߽ȥ󣬸ոѾڵϴŹϸǱʹ࣬ȴһΪҶֱ̫֣ӷǵʶ
ԸһȺˣҶǲԸ֣΢עͿܽǸҲû취ˣŽѵһ£顣
ֵȻ𾪣գ˼۵ʱ䣬ҶȻѾ⼸˸̵ڵأ֮죬ûһܹ塣
һﻹȥҶ鷳һҶȴǿҶıӰ֮гԹ֮ɫ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ˴ˣ
һ£ȺʱɢȻǧ˪һϮɫȹԶϻϲ˷֮ɫ
ܹô¿ǧ˪Щ˵ֱͬһȻǧ˪ȴȫΪڵϵ˶ûɨһۣԽˡ
һ߻һ˳ĺأҵǸأģ
Ҷӵ˳ǧ˪΢΢ЦЦǧ˪һ㶣Сһ䣺ôֱˡ
ǲ˸ͬ˵һˣҶЦʵ
ٺ٣
ǧ˪˼ͷʱΧΧ۵ڶӵȥһƬ
ҹſ֣˸Ǵкˣ˵ⲻ𣡡˵ǧ˪ͻȻǰʮȻסҶֵţǽˣߡ
һĻ˵жǳ˼ʣĶҶǱǧ˪סơ
û뵽ʶǧ˪˵Ĺϵʮܣǧ˪̬ͶȻȣʵЩ޷ܡ
˫۾ע֮£ǧ˪Ҷһ뿪ˡ
ֱ˵Ӱʧ֮˲ǻع׷׵
Ǹеĵ˭ôܹõǼĸ
˭֪أǰûмҲû˵ˣǴðģ
ûǸʲôڵĵط͸һôῴ
ղҶ˿зһߣͷߣǼڵϵҲڻָʶţŷ֣ȵǰϣ
ƺͻȻŷòĴƷŷҵŷΰɣ
ߣǲ֪ҶݵǸԹɫĵܸղǸ˭ŷ֣׼õɣ
Ȼû˵ʲôȴⷬȷ٣
ĴƷңȻûгƷʦÿһ֮жһλƷƷʦǽҺͼңǸһλƷƷʦ
ƷңλȻǸ£Ķ۹ǶǿͿġ
ŷǣȻΪһӹĹ֮г鵤ֻû뵽ǼҵŷξȻ¥ĵ֮УһҶѵһ£ȻкϷˡ
ҶȻղչ¶һֱʵȷֻҪ£ȻĴڣôǵ۹ˣµҲøŷ
Щ飬ҶȻ֪Ѿǧ˪һС
һٿɰƥĿȴһУַǷֵ߶˰̯λһЩ
ЩĶҲ廨ţ󣬼δ⿪ƵƵ͵ҲõĸֲϣȻҲгƷ͵һУҶ̲ס˵ԯĪҿ¼С
ҶʶˣһɨȥͷȻ̯λȽϼªвٵĺöŻôˡ
ҿһеԥҿ
仰Ҷ̲ס¶˿ЦΪ˿֣
ȻˣȰҿǼȻٴȥõط
ҶĵͷεĵһŮӼҼңôôԣ˵үǲϲĶ
Ҫܣ
ǧ˪ҶһۣȺһ̯λ֮ǰָ̯λ
ǧ˪˵ҶͻȻһĨĿĺɫһŰƴСѪɫĹ
֪ΪʲôŹҶûɵһ˵ֱӽŹǧ˪˷ܵͷԣ


1293 Ĺ
ҶѾ򿪣һ⣬һ⣬ͬʱŹ
ϱ鲼ƣ˵ӦƳȴ޷һƷײ
ȻҶĿע֮£ͻȻಡѪ⾹Ȼӹ֧ļʸһ㣬ֱӴҶ˫ۡ
ǣ
Ҷͬ磬֧ʸޣĿпȥЩ鲼ڹϵƣȻһϤѪɫ֣һ㣬ڹﲻζ֡죡
칭
ż
Ҷлһ磬Źѵʦ൱ʹùĹ
Ȼ̧ͷҶ̯λ̯һòʮͨߣƣĿǣڼûҲûгƺѾû˵Ļһ
˼ңŹǴõģ
ղŲǹļʸҶе磬һڻı֣˸޷
òڣ˵ȴǺҪ򣬲ͷˣôʲô
ҶȻеĵ˼ңʵŹҺҪģʲô۸Źҿ϶¡
һԵǧ˪ʱеżˣôģ˼һûۣѾҪˣǻűס
߶Ҷ¿һۺŹʯĻ޼ۡ
ǧ˪ﰵô¶ԷҪˣ
ȻҶȴ֪߻лȻĵʵ˼ңʯĻҪʲô
һ仰
ʲô
Ҷǧ˪Ȼ߾ȻҪŹһ仰
ʲôҶ׷ʵ
ߺȻתͷ˿ܣȻ󲻽Ŀʼʰ̯λϵһ֣ͽҶеŹ˻ȥ
ţҶԺ֮ߵĴĹȥ
仰֮վȻ뿪ˡ
ףôˣ㵹ǰѻ˵갡Ź򰡣ǧ˪żľȥȻȴҶһס
ҸʲôӦš
ģܲ뿪
Ҷɷ˵ǧ˪Ҳ뿪У˿гɻͼΪû뵽Լ쾹Ȼ˿ʦִĹңǸӦ֪һЩܣΪ˶ӣԼȥĹ档
Ĺ
ҶȻһĹģ
ǧ˪ĹĵĵҾȥĹֵģҲȥˣ
ȥĹ֣Ҷһô£
ߣǧ˪תȥҶҶæЦ˵˰û֪ġ
ԭΪǼ˴ӹĹڳ͵һЩĹ˺档
뿴Ĺڳ͵ۣܹ֪Ĺ˵ݣǸ˲õ顣
ǣɳȥҵ⴦ĹڣҪĹУȻû뵽ǣĹ֮⾹Ȼƾð˲󷨺ͷӡסˣ޷ٽС
һüȤˣѾ˹˵ĹĹȴٴγ˷ӡбȻһЩΪ֪ܡ
Ȼ׷׿ʼԼķʽҪͻ󷨺ͷӡ뵽Ĺ֮Уǣ۽в˵ȴɺ޽չ
ڣʶ˲Ծһ𣬾̸֮󣬾ͻ󷨺ͷӡ
ҾȥˣѾʮ죬ԾɱڹĹ֮⡣
ǧ˪ĽҶȻͻȻԤУղǸߣ˵ͺĹĪĹϵ
ߵû˿ϢһˣĹ񲻾סĵط
뵽ҶͻȻǧ˪ߣŪǧ˪һͷˮ׷˼飬Ҷȴӻشֻܾš
Ҷǧ˪Ȼֻص˸ոյļУ̯߰ĵطܵļ̯λѯʵλ£ղ̯ߣǼ𣿡
˵߻֣ǰûһ֮ǰͻȻֵģҲһˣĶûȥʱҪȴʶǡ
Ҷתͷǧ˪Ĺʲôʱֵġ
Ҳһǰɣ
ҶüͷʱˣҲˣѵ˵ǸǴӹĹ֮гģ
ǾǴӹĹгģôӵ칭أ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶԺ֮ðһŵ뷨嶼΢΢Ĳ
ǸߣòԼʦ֣ɣ


1294 ̫С
ǴԼһƽСɽȣڣȻȴǾۼ˻ڸɳϰ֡
ΪǹĹڡ
ǧ˪ԼǰҶԼҵģȻҲ뵽ɽ֮УѾĸռݣֻڸļɽͷ֮ԶԶۿ
ֵҲǴڣϾ˭һʱŪĹ֮оʲô
ҶͿ˼ϤӰ۹ˣҵĳ޵ҧгݵա
ȻҲٲļҵã飬ȻϳҶǧ˪һ¶һ˿ֵɫΪվһԣҲҺҶʶ
Ҷò˸ı䣬֮⣬ûܹϳֻΪǧ˪һģԲ̲ס࿴ۣȻһͬ뷨һӣôܺ¥֮Ůһ
ȻĴС٣˴˼ҲӦвʶģڴʱ˵أȴǱһľ룬˭Ҳ˭нǶڷŶԷһ
ҶֻͬɨȺһۣͽĿͶɽȣѾϣҶȻ˿Ӱ죬Ŀɽ֮һæµӰһֵ·
ĹͲɽ֮£Ĺ͵һ͵ˣڣѾӡ·գԸͬʱ׼
һ߻ڳŴڽ룬ҲѰûڡ
ЩӰҶûȤĹڵ£ȻҲܿĽĿʼ׷Щ·һƶţֱڿϤѪ֮ơ
ȻѪ֮ƣѵʦִķĹûûΪʲôҪԼڹĹ֮УУȻѾˣΪʲôҪм֮а̯Լõ칭Ҫóأ
Ҷз⣬ҲżΪϾҪˣţǸߣӦÿҪˡ
¥ҲģʦջǷˣ˵Ĺ̫ΣĹƽ룬»һЩҪ鷳
¥һҶ˽ĵͷǧ˪ʦʾ޳ɡ
Ȼ̽Ѱδ֪ԣҪԱûˣ֪һֻʲôá
ܿ쵽ˣҶϣԺ֮йȻλߵһ˵˵Ϸ￪һҡ
Ҫ뿪һ¡
Ҫȥģɽȿǧܽȥ·һ
ǧ˪ΪҶҪɽȥæֹ
ҲȥɽȣԼ˸⸽棬ģһͻ㲻ҪңǸѵƢеŹ֡
ǧ˪ٴҲ벻ҶҪλ߼棬Ҳ׷ʣֻܵ˵ͷĿҶ뿪ˡ
ҶûǰǹɽȸԶԶмǧ֮󣬲ͻȻۻأĿĵء
ˮţȴûκӰҶҲżߵһʯͷ£ĵȴš
Ƭ̹󣬺ڰ֮Уһ𣬾ҶȻվ𣬼æתͷķ
ֻͬȰվУȻʬ塣
̫Сˣ
߽ʬӵ˵ϣʱʬ忪ʼڻܿһ̲ˮ
ɱ֣
Ҷ˿ʼնڷˣȻû뵽쾹ȻֱǸԼ󣬿Լ߼ʱ֣ԼҪΣˡ
ܹɱ֣Ϣ֮нԷɱߵʵ֮ǿԲҶʱΪֻһľ硣
ǰǡ
һ֧ƣֹҶĻ֪ˣʲôһ˵ȸߡ
˵֮תȥһȥ
Ҷע͵ӰǵĽŲᵽʲô˲¶ࡣ
˵Լˣκ˼һߣҲΪʲô֣Ȼʵǡ෴
֮֮
ȻҶ޲̴ߵĿ֪ԼĴ𰸣ȴֻܹԹԵĸߵںڰ֮š
˰ʱ֮ͣʱѾһϡĴ֮С
Ƭ֣ľȻϡϡ裬£ÿһǴ׳ޱȡ
ԭתͷƬ֮󣬼˼һҶвֵģҪ˻ϣ֮ͣصĦţ촽䶯ƺ˵ʲô
ţߺȻתͷҶң仰һ䣡
£̧֮һĨƤʱװ׵֮ϣȻһɫ·


1295 һѪ
Ѫ֮ƣ
Ѫ֮۳ɵ֣ڲѪ֮Ƶ˵ۣҲ֣Ҷǵˣһ
ΪֶҶ˵ʵ̫ˣ
Ѩ֮
Ѩ֮ѨΪΪսΪѨսս
Ҷ߽ͬһһ仰
֮˫Ŀ֮жȻһŹֱͬһֽһ㣬ɲǼƬ֡
ɢԭǲϺϢʱһɨգȡ֮һͬڰƣ˾ǻ˸һҶֵΪ֮ʱ˵ĸо
߲ʣɽֹ
һɲǶѣеĹâѾʧٴλָ̬ӵӣȴǲ˼֮ɫ
һ߾͵Ҷǰ촽Ҫ˵ЩʲôΪ̫ȴһҲû˵
ʱҶҲлعͬļߵ㣬ǲˣࣿ
ȻȴǻҡҡͷҲǣ
㲻ǣ
ҶԭѾ϶˶ԷԼʦ࣬Ȼȴǣжʱӿһǿҵʧ
߿ҶһһĵȻҲ࣬Ҵȥ࣡
ʲô
Ҷոյȥͷ͵ٴ̧𣬶ԷҪԼȥ࣡
û
Ҷ඼ߵ࣬ŶԷԼķϣټڵ仰ȴе޷ˡ
ȫ֪ˡ
˵֮ٴתߵǿôԱߣһĨѪ֮ɵġѨֶ֮ʱʧ١
ģҲẦġ
ƺҶԼתͷҶ
ʵڸҶߣҶˣ˭Լʦ֣ҪԼȥǻԼ϶ҪȥһжֻǸ壬ҶҲҪȥ
߼ǰ·ߵĿ࣬ʱʱĻعͷҶ
˽ʱ֮ҶȻ֣ߴԼߵķǸйĹɽȥ
Ҷ̲סѯʵǰǴӹĹ֮гģ
ߵϾȻЦݣͷ
ǡ
Ҷ˵ѾɽΧˮйͨȻȴϵõЩˣĹźüڣʲôҪʣ࣬һоͶˡ
Ҷֻܰסĵɻ󣬼ߵԽԽɽȣֱͻȻƴһȿռ֮ŵĹзӡ󷨣ֻһȱڣԴԽȥ
ߵȽ룬Ҷ󣬴ӿռ֮֮Ҷ̲ס˿
ǹĹˣޱߵ磬ֶָХӰӰ´£ƺӰҶֻصѪĵĸо
ʱҶ̲סҪԼǲϵˣߵ𣺡ǰ߰ף͵ˡ
׵ľ룬ҶߵʮСģȻеǣ߹ĵطȻ̺£ͷȥֻڵʯڣûκεĵ·ƺĹһ
۾ˣʵǷӡ󷨵֡
ˣ
һȻʵɽм䴦ȻڷһѪĹײģȻʥսµǾ߹ײļһֻ࣬Ĺײġ
Ϊֵǣײĵ澹Ȼİ˸ȫѪ֮۶ɵ
˸г˰˽ε״һͷȥ˿֮С
ǡ
ҶȵĿߣ˵Լôֻһ߹ײģһѪ֮Ʋƣ྿ǻ
ʱȴͻȻŹײĹڵأԴŵˣūѾ˵Ҫҵ˴ˣ
ҶӦתȻֹŵƵȻū֪ΪʲôҪ֣ȾҼˡ
Ҷ˺ðżæ뽫߲𣬵ߵ̬ʮּΪǿޱȣҶܺġ
֮£ҶֻܿڵҪҾԣڴ֮ǰǲǸøңһеô£ǻҾҪξأ
߹ײ֮У࣬ūԭֻһ鷲ˣԵɺ֮£ȣӴ֮͸˵ߣΪ˱ԳΪū
һǰͻȻҽеǰ˵ΪĹ⣬пܻᱬȴһ԰ɹѹء


1296 ٻ
˵İ취Ѫ֮ƽԼӡԼ뵽һͬ״̬֮УӶ۵أƭ֮
Ҫ븴Ҫ⿪ӡ
մĻ˵ܹ⿪ӡˣȻܾ
Ҫи磬һʱܹȥѰԽ⿪ӡԾˡ
Ȼξ˹ūϡ
ȽѨ֮ϣȻ߹ūܹ˵һ仰ˣܹ⿪ӡ֮ˡ
㽫ūȷӡһ֮ǰ˹Ĺ֮УȻūķӡײĽ˿͵൱ռһЩ͵
ū֮󣬱㰴յԸĻ칭ܵеļа̯ȴǸܹ⿪ӡˡ
Ҷ֣Ҷͬӡ칭ŨȤ׷ʹٸʵףùū֪ܿԼҪҵˡ
Ǿ˺һ顣
깭ūĽҶ˳˼
ʵȹūҪ˵ĿܱΣգǾѪս˺ں˶ҪԵһѹء
Ҷ޴Ӳ룬ѪһŵмͻѹأȻûܣȴ֪һܹ¸ɹѹصİ취
ȻҶ󲿷ֶõ˽𣬵ȴðһҪ⣬Ǿ֪Է⣬֪Լǣǡʱγ֣
ҶĸоѾƺԷ֮һķչǸĹƵūӡˣƵķΧ֮ڡ
һУģԼһλʦ֣ӵΪ
ūȻڵϣϴкڴעҶȻλĹĹūʮϣҶܹ̾Լˣࡣ
Ҷ˰֮󣬵ͷūǰʵʦܣҿ϶ᾡԼŬȥ
ʦܣūһ˿ΪʱʮƾãǴû˵йʦܡ
ūݾҶʣҶʦܣôҲ൱İˡ
ҶȰ˵£ūվҶҲĿǰ˸Ѫ֮ϡ
˸ѪȻԼóʱȥ֮ãЩѪ֮ȻǻŵһѪת룬ɢһ˵ѹ
ūǰʦԷ֮ʱʵжߣ
ҶҪԿƿЩҪ֪ʵ
Ҳ֪֮ǰڵ޵еġ
޵У
Ҷ̲סٴε˿ȻѾˡѪսƿҿ϶޷ͻƺܳʱ䣬ǰͨѨλſʼպϣӶӭ֮ΣǼˣʵȻѾԺеˣ
ӣԼЩʦʦ㣬ĶǾž֮ȡõĳɾҲǸ߲ʣǱԼʵʵ㲻ʲôĿǰΪֹڵһ컹һСϺס
ԽҶҲԽǼᶨζҪȻľġ
ȻǿʵµķӡԲڵԼǿͻƵģֻķ
֮ҶͻȻǰһԼȻ֪ѪӦ֪ϾѪҲһʱ䡣
뵽Ҷæҵ˷ҶҶڣҶѾ֪ľֱ뿪Ѫ˹ײ֮ǰ
ͬһͻȻֵķҶūһΪе˴룬֣ǷҶòȴǿٱ仯γһż㲻üĿӵò
ˣ
ū־ϲͨһǰŵѪѪ
Ȼūܳʱ䣬Ȼ֪ѪĴڣʱѪҲòֹΣԹūһ۾˳
ѪĿ˹ūһۺ̾˿ū㶼ôˡ
ǰū̧ͷǵ۾֮оȻᣬɫĵѪˣǸǰһһ꣬û뵽֮꣬һܿ꣬ȥˣ
ǰٻף꣬ꣿѪѵõĳһ˿ȻԷ֮ǰͽұ˳ȥû뵽кټĻᣬūɣģķӡҶԿԽ⿪
ѪȻҶᶨĵҶѪԿԽ⿪Ұﲻ㣬ֻܿԼĴĵƣ⿪


1297 ĥ
Ҷٴοǰ˵Ѫһʱ֮ú֮ϷһʵѪ⣬ͻȻ̧ƺ˿С
ҶϾһԼΪٶſ֮ȥ
ū۾ֱˣΪȻҶµ֮УȻһŶĿҫ۵⣬۳һûмֵ·
ž
ҶĽ˿Уһ죬ţ̧һȣͬԼΪٶ˳ȥһ⽻ɵ·¸֡
Ҷǰݷһε̨ףÿһȴȵĲڿ֮Уڵĸ߶𽥵ߡ
ҶѪ⣬һһƣѪɫײĵϷҲǰ˵Ѫģһƨȥ
⡭
ūҪ˵ȴһԵѪֹˣκ˶ҪҶѾ뵽һΪѵõ״̬֮УҲܷƽѪĹؼ
ҶѪ֮ϣ˫ĿգׯϣܵʵƣΧ裬еͬһλһ㡣
ͻȻ֮䣬˵Ѫͬһֻ֩İһ㣬Ȼ£ȻҶ
ʱ˿̣ѪϲҶѪף̺ǹӴǷһ㣬һɹɵĿʼⲻͷųȥ
ūɫ䣬æˣǿܿġ
Ѫȴɫ򶨣ƺ֮⣬ȫӰ죬Ȼվǿͬһ㣬ӿȴϢĴӹ
ͻȻ֮䣬ߵĹĹ֮ϸܹȻһζεľġ
֮ӭƣԨ
֮ˣΪ֮£̫֮ߡ
Ѩ֮ѨΪΪսΪѨսս
ҶϵѪ֮кȻһһɫĹâֹâҶȫ¹Ĺҫͬ
Ծ˫Ŀգϵǰ˸Ѫ֮⣬ȴǳһʵĵƣҲȫǽı䰵
һĻüѾ˵ǽǵĹūȻסԼͣΪܿҶȻԼ򵽵·ĥµ˵Ѫ
Ѫ֮۳ɵܹ۵أ̺ݺ޵еΪǿȻ˿ȴҶĵһĥ
˾ùū޷ţ
ʲô·Ϊʲôôǿ˵Ѫĥ
ūʵ̲סˣʶѪѪҲ˻ӦСԼĵƣҲᳬԽеĴڴ֮ϣ
ūˣ
Ҳ飬ȻǰԳΪʦܵСһȴˣȻĵȫĴ޵ľ룬ѾԿһЩˣ
Ҷ״̬֮ãԼĵƣһĽ˵ѪӲĥˣ
һ˿ѪʧʱҶµѪ֮жȻһɳѪţǡ֮Ѫ׵Ĺ׸ǾȻĿʼһԱƶ
ūӶҪɳۿˣȴգۣȻĶѪףϳΣȴҲһ˿˿ĵǡ
ʱ꣬Ļ
Ź׸ǵƶѪ֮Ѿ¶һָͷϸķ϶ȻʱʼŵҶͻȻ۾̧һȥոƿĹ׸ƺ
ʲô
Ҷͻľٶùūŭĺҽ·ҪҶ˹ȥʱѪ𣺡ھ
ͬʱҶҲѾѪ׿ڵʦ֣ǧܳѪķӡѾ״̬ᱻУһ뿪ѪףڴͨѨλ̾ͻ֮ܵѹȫպϡ
ūǰͣϴɻ𾪣ȻҶⷬ˼һž֮Ѫ֮ȴǴһ΢֪ˣ
ū֮϶ʱ棬ͨһ͹ڵأʵĵˣ
Ȼ࣡
Ȼûг֣ǼȻ֤Ļţ
ҶҲ鼤û뵽ԼгһգȻԼʦ˵ϻ
ֻѪΪ侲Ҷô죿
ҶƬ̣гĿѪħĿų
ʦ֣ʦĳȫںˣӦþͿʱڵΣ֮취
£ҶѾĿųѪףĵѪĿųȻֱû˹׸֮С


1298 
ȥˣ
ǧ˪ĪʧҶ³Լǰֺ
һæ˼졣
ҶЦݡ
ڵǺõ˼㣬ʦĿųܹȻ࣬һʱڲٵıΣգҶ˵ʵǼޱ˷ܵ顣
ҪĿųȫںϵڣ࣬ҲҪ൱һʱ䣬ҶҲһֱ˵йūǿĸڣҲòˣлȵʱٸϹȥ
ȻʧȥĿųҶԼ˵ʹ֮·ߣȴ˲Щˡ
Լľλʦʦ㣬ҶȻһδѪŦĴڣú֮䣬ǹһ
ܹۼеһλʦ֣˵ĿųˣǾſû˿ۣԹԼΪʲôҪô̰һ˾Ŀ֮ࡣ
ǧ˪Ҳû취ĶҶݺݵĵ֮ĵʱҪȥμһᣬһȥɣ
᣿ʲô᣿
ŵٿᣬǵһǿߣǲȥʦȥ
ţҶӡ󣬵ǰʥսʾӵҲһΪصɣǵ壬˵Դϵ֮ţиС
ϴǵ˵ûжҶ֣ǲȡ̬ȣҶҲûʲôرĸоֻᣬȴҡҡͷȻĶǸǿߣҸȥʲô£ҾͲȥˣҶķģԼȥתת
УȥҪʧټ죬ҵȥȥǧ˪Ǵ⣬ԲҶ뿪Լߡ
ҿ϶ܣڶķ㣡ҶĲԸȥ
ˣˣ˵Ǹѣ̫ĺϹҲڱУ㲻ȥ𣿡
Դϴ̫ལε֮⵽ҶϹֿ֮󣬾Ҳûм˵ȻҲ˻ǣҲ֮УʱҶ˼ֶҡ
ҶֻεĵðɣҾ͸ȥȥֻΪ˼Ϲ飬ܻ֮̾ߡ
ģҲֻȥһߣȤˣҪʦΥ
Ҷǧ˪ľٰص㣬Ȼһڿеľ޴ڣ
ܣƮ죬ӰԼͬɹһ㣬˳Ȼ֮С
ڻǵظ󣡡
Ҷʵžʲôʲô֮ţ
ⶼ֪ǧ˪ӵĿһҶ֮ţͨأһ򿪣ͨκεط˵ܹǰ·
·
ҶȻһ
ҶӰصĿطؼǣ˵ħ죬пܾǱ·ϡ
ƾҶ׷ʣӰҲٶ˵һй·飬ҶʼΪ
û뵽ǧ˪ĿУҶȻٴطһйأŴֱӾͨ·񲻾ǿҵħˣ
·ʲôطҶе׷ʵ
Ҳ֪ҲǴʦģǲôʣʦǲ˵ˡǧ˪ʼ
Ҷٴʧǧ˪ȻԼһ
˶Ѿ˰
˵֮䣬Ѿ˹ڵ·ΧѾһЩ˾ۼȻٲҶϤףãȻյȵظûпϹ顣
ȻҶоһ˫޵Ŀ⣬ĶԼɻתȥĿԴһˣԷӣҶʶ
˭
ĴƷŷҵŷΣӦüǰҲС
Ŷ
ҶˣŷξԼһµǸˣֻǵʱԼû۶ûпһۡ
ֻû뵽ԷȻԺգĴƷ֮һ
ӣӦ׷֮һɣҶЦŵ
ʲô׷ߣҲæѣ֮ңҶǧ˪΢΢𣬴ŵ㲻м
ȻӿеĹ֮зɳʮƥͨףһ˫ɫİ˵ǰ
Ϊ׵һƥϣһĸߴʿ˹Ϊλظ󡣡
Ȼӭ˵ģΪڻڣκ˷У
ʱŷκȻԽڶʿһ£ιŵᣬǲֻ˲ſɽ룿
ʿ΢΢һͷǰλǱĹͣȻˡ
ŷκȻһָҶԹ֮ɫͿ϶û


1299 ˵
һʱ֮䣬˵ĿȻȫҶϣڳĺܶѾǵڶοҶжܹǧ˪վһ𣬶ұ˴̬Ϊǵòڵ˶ǳ˺档
ŷμȻվָҶûȻҲ뿴⵽ô¡
ҶȻʧЦʵѾ֪ŷζԼĺޣȫԴǧ˪Լ̬֮ǡ
Ҷڣǧ˪ѾһҶǰעŷεŷΣʲô˼һģȻҲظ󡣡
ŷһЦûҲ֪˭һˣ˭֪ǲǰػģ⵷ң˵Լ˭ȻĻ룬ǲӭμξۻġ
ʱλŵʿѾҶǰǧ˪ȻλѣǰչأĿˣҪôҪôݿǷʸҪôڳλϵĿͬʱΪܲμεᡣ
ҶڵݼΪ⣬һ¶˵׷ɱԴǧ˪ȻʮԲ˵ҶʵݣҵΪҶ
ǧ˪еΪѵʱҶȴѾǰŷΣЦЦôῡڴˣ㻹Ұػģ˵ңӣŷֶҺܺ°
Ҷ᱾ûʲôȤټϹҲûпȻμˡ
һȴǽŷ˵࣬Ҷ˭㣬ֻݣͬһϯ
ҶһЦҲǣŷԺգͬϵǳһ߲ʣСܹȼģҾͲŵˣΪŷܹſģҾͲμˡ
˵֮ҶתҪ뿪ȻʱͻȻһĴЦλֵܣϲƢԸΪ㵣
ӰԶһߴ࣬أŲ£ض΢΢һȴ˪һͷɫͷΪҫۡ
ˣҶ۾ʱǷħħϹ飡
˾ȻߵһҶΪȣתһ룬̫ལκͷħֵܣħҲΪħĹϵҪԼһҲͲˡ
ħҶҲźøУȻħߣǶԷˬԸĶԼθڣЦų˵ͷ
ȻŷεȴһƬ䣬ĶħߺĵŷΣŷңӿɲ㣡
Զ׼λ֮ìܡ
ǧ˪Ϊˣŵʿڿλң˿Ϊˡ
ȻλʿȴٴҡҡͷΪѣλˣǳ֮ġ
㡭
ʱǧ˪Ҷͷ뿪ȴҲԼĿԣϾʦ˵ġ
ҲΪ
Ȼһϵѭȥȫһ˵ľȻ£
Ҫ֪µݵλڻһмߣ˭Ҳû뵽ȻΪ֪ӵ
ֻҶһĹ͡
Ҷ̾˿ԼļҵĹϵԽԽˡ
ŵʿҲ˿ҲڳκһˣڼȻˣһλصﶼԸΪҶŷȻҲ޷ˣæλǾûˣλظ󡣡
˷׷ŷȻҧгݣȴҲ޿κΡ
ǧ˪ĺݺݵŷһۣҶֱƥ
ɲ֮䣬ʮװͬʱչ˫ᣬڿնڽظ
ظټޱȵĹܾȻгɽɺ׵ȻԵãϡֲҩģȱȽǣټƮɾĸо
ʿһõĸûʵĴһµӣ΢Цӭ˳ӭλݰظ󡣡
ӲòΪӢʳվڴ˾У·׿Ⱥ
ǧ˪ʶҶŵ£Ϊ˼Ϊ͵ʵ߲ɲ⣬˵ʵ֮¡
ǧ˪ĽܣҶ˵ͷԸоĳ
Ȼǰ׷׺¼֮ȻЩ˲ûмű˴˵Ĵ֮ԻμᣬһǸµӣҲ˻ʶһ¸λ֡
µŮǰҶǧ˪ħϹһ֮ϡ
ҶϹԼʵݣʶֻס
ʱѾ־һվһ̳ǵˣʵظԣȾλһ
ˣϹȻһߵ㻹һ˰ɣ


1300 Ĺ
Ϲ仰һ˵ȻȫȻǸմӷ˽ûжãǶҲİϾ̫̫ˣֻЩ˴󲿷ȴûн
ϾϹղŷ˽û̫˲²ʵԲᳬһ죬Ȼֳ֮£µĻɣʱһЩ˵Ĳ
ߣһλȷһߣصķеľƱķʴʣôĵӡ
̫壬֮Ѿ޽⣬Ȼ޹˼ɡ
ȻϹȴǸûһǸ˪ģý˶ʱ࣬ԷȻֱԼ
ЦĿϹŶִͽ̣ﻹȱλܣ
Ҷ
Ϲ³ֳ֣ʱһƬž֮С
Ҷ־һĴʯѹ˶ִĸоȻвҪȴҲڡ
Ҷһʱڣճս壬ս۹ÿһ鶼Ǿ춯أȻַͨȻȴûжԷһϢ˸Ӻ
Цݣпһ˵ǣλҶȷһеֻ̳ϧͬײβȻҪύҲҲ
ߣȻ˷Ц֣ˣۣύʵǲ֮٣˵˵оǴ˿дɣǷôǿ󣡡
ħһЦ仰˵̫ˣҾҶҲôǿ󣬶ͱսǿһ㣡
ĽսҶ˵飬ʹ˻죬˲֪ħ仰ͬʵȴڳ˻Ȼ˫֮жҪ
ôܣߣǳȥͿ㲻˳ˣһֻѣŸƨ𿾽ڣζһ
ΪħߣħһԭʼҰԣ͵Ļ첻ߣûн
ĻҲ֪ԼħĶ֣ܣҪҸ֧ԼˣȻ˶Įע
֪ղ˵ҶǿĻʵѾĴ󲿷ˣȻµȵȣӦúվһĺȴûԴ˿Ƶ£˻
λϢŭСһӡ
ؼʱ̣վԲΪˣȻÿ˵
̨ףȻһȥ
»˸⣬ԭЩصնʱ̵УҶʼһԲԹ۵Ĺ۲ˣΪЩУպкܶཫΪԼĵˡ
Ȼһλӳһ£ü֮һȦ۴СĽɫƵ˵˵Ǳ̫ƽ
ӵ֮Դһɵ٩ǧ˪Ҷһ乬ٹĽݲ٩ǸˣǱǮ
乬ͽ壬̫ͬһˮݣȻ˫ֳ֮¼棬ȻܣϵȴǱȻ֡
ҶĶ䶸ȻΪ֪Ľݲ˵飬ָĺǡ
ǮһЦüϵĽɫƶԣĽֶˣǱ̫ƽĺܣֻ˼СѣƲʲôˣ乬˵۹ߵĺܽĪˣ
乬۹˵Ϣ˶ԣȻû뵽ǮȻֳ֮˼ɵ˵˳˱˴˶ӣղ
Ľݲһ˵ͻȻһӻңңʲôը˿ֱظ΢΢ζ
µһǹĹ򣡡
˵ֱ֮Ӿ˳ȥкûüһҲӦȷǴӹĹﴫģͬڣ˶׷ϯ˹Ĺ
ҶȲģȻҲĵģ˲֪ĹʲôǷǳȺ֮УҲŹĹȥ
ٶȶǼ죬գ֮ɽڣȻֱһˣһͬһɽһµĵס˵ȥ·
һλ߻һۣϳ˵ݣҲ˼ֵĿǰںķӡҲҪóȻ룬ⱻˡ
ȻǸеǿߣվΪ˷ֹ˴롣
Ȼк棬ҲǿдȥֻԶԶĹҶȴǵȲˣ˲עʱȻ뿪ֱūմǸڶȥ


1301 ׬ʯ
Ĺ֮УԾڹײ棬ħĿųͬڱչһ㣬Ĵźܿ߻ħ롣
ҶĹ֮вŷ֣ڵľ춯أȴǷƽ˾һûд
ūҶæȥҶѾȷΪʦܣȻҲҵ
Ҷ˵һ£ūЦҡҡͷõģڵ۷ֹ֮Ҳķӡ
ҶһҲǣ಼·ӡʱ򣬿ǵ޵еսô׹Ƶġ
ūЦһĵֻϧҵĹδȫָͬʱҪܵһѹƣȻĻͳȥЩС󡣡
ƺĸΪСʵ˳ԾҶ֪ūȻܹ߶꣬ʵҲԲֻͣΪķӡδָ
ң߽ͽ죬ʵܵѹƣǾԶѹƣΪǱ֤ƽ⡣
֪û£ҶҲͷһ뿪ˡ
صɽȸִ󲿷˶Ѿ뿪ˣȻǶǻظȥĹϢȥˡ
ôˣ
ǧ˪޲Ҷ΢עһͻʧס
ⲻǻ𣿡ҶЦеĵ˵㻹㣬λŷΣƶ޲ҪҳƤˡ
ŷβδ뿪վԶһ˫Թ۾ĶҶ
ʲôˣҲɢˣȥ
ᵽǧ˪жӼֱһĹҶЦҡҡͷԣȥϹǴкòá
ʲôкǶˣģķ֮п϶ܹǵġ
˵֮ǲɷ˵Ҷߡ
۹Ķķ֪гߣǽȥ̱ʴģ
ǧ˪ֱҶ۹ʼĶķл˵ôȻƺȫȻΪҶǣҶǿЦãҲûܿ۹һʣԼҲǷǳġ
ĶķǰҶȥĶķǺ̶ȶ֮ȻͬҲһݽķ䣬ÿֱǹһ㣬ûʣΪ⣬ķ֮лṩַ
ȻеķҪʯģǹһȻ԰ٿƷʯΪ׼ۣҪ֪⻹ֻǵһ㷿䡣
ǹ󣡲ˣ
Ҷ̲סѰ촽Ҷҵʱ򣬳Ǯ֮⣬ûΪǮǵ֪ԼʵǸ⵰
⻹ֻ˵ģҪȥǼӹĹ֮г͵ҪһʯУҵ취׬ȥ
ʵҶɿǧ˪ҪȴŲ죬ԻǾԼȥ׬
Ҷ֮пʼѡΣΪ˱ףûǧ˪뿪ˡ
ô
ǧ˪ʵ
˶ӣһֵ˽֪ȥķתһȦ
ҶԼļƷԽԽаգڹĹ֮Уƣĥǰ˵Ѫ֮ڸִ·˸һ˽⣬ԲҪƷʦ߼ԼͿԵƽϵƸĥ
֪ԼѡζƷô˵ԼԻ˵ע⣬ӶԼһЩҪ鷳
ʱǧ˪Ҷ߱˻ǵĸĶķļҵģйҵģҵģнģ֮¥Ķķ֮⣬Ļ϶ˡ
ҶҲ̰ģÿҶķ֮ڶֻǰķѡִҲܹ࣬˰˼Ѿеʯ
üˣ
ǧ˪Ҷ˫ʹâһԼδ·һĦƬ֮󣬾Ȼͽ⿪Ĳ֮鶼Ҫۿеɳˡ
㣬㣬ǼƷʦ
ǧ˪޷ţտʼҶʱҶƣȻŹȥһʱ䣬ȻͿԼĥƣǼƷʦ
Ҷûлش𣬽ȫĥ֮󣬿ųâƷµȣֵһʯ
˵֮Ҷֱӽǧ˪УԼһ
ǧ˪ֶڲҪƷµȵҲҪƷƷʦΪƷʦѣ˽֪Ҷ׵ľˣҿɵӣƺƷļޡ
ȻһƷ֮ҶĵͷƷеȵģ


1302 ѡ
˼ҶȫԼ˳ƷеȣƷµȣǧ˪ĿˮҪ˳ſ˫֣Ľ˼ڻ
Ҷеͷ۵ͷ˼׼ģ

ǧ˪һɸߣȻҲ˼ȣ˸ȫãУȫ
Ҷ̯˫ֵǣҪʯȥӹĹ֮гЩһ۳۰ɣ
⡭ǧ˪˵ˣתʲôԽ˼ҲҶ˵ʵԼеĻͳ¶һĹе
ǣǺô¼ҲҪ˰ɣ
ǧ˪˰ʱȴһûòһǺܿ˻
Ҷ̾һɣҳȥתһˣһͻ
תһᰡż
ǧ˪˿ҶʧˣҴҵĻӻ֣ʾҶϽ뿪
Ҷҡҡͷ˳ȥȥ˼䵱̣ϴδӮƷ˾ǧƷʯȻٴα۹ڵĶķΣǳǳ򵤣
ڲ˵ƿȥƸûʲôͬǶڼƷʦ˵ߵĲȴԶ׼ġ
ҩƷ׻ֵ֣Ҳǲ࣬ҲһЩĵҩ˵ܹĿǰҶ֪˾˥˥ϳ̶ȵĵҩ֮ãǼֵǣԶԶͬ׵
Ͼ֮ãûҲûʲôʧɾͲͬˣ˶ֻһȽȻҪˡ
ҶǿˣԼͲõǧ˪֮ߣǸڻڰ˵Σ붼롣
ɴ࣬ԼҲˣȥɣ
ĵҲ൱Ķ࣬ҷۿȥһ϶ǰ׷ԲԵߣȻǶΪѰҩ
ȻҶδѡϸСĵĳ˼֮Ѿ˵ѡࡣ
ֻǶ쵤˽ĲȻܹݵҩ̺֮ƺжϳ쵤ĺûǾЧȴ֪׼ȥ֮󣬶һ»йص鼮
ͬѡʱһΪ˲˵ע⣬ҶÿҶķ֮Уܹѡŵҩ
׼ҸطʱҵĶķͻȻһע⡣
Ѿкϵʯȥȡ㽫ŵҩңҶ˶Ϊʲôȴˣ
˵үӣ˵ȥȡô֪᲻ˣҪģȻܾܾ˻ǣնķĹأǱҪȡһɣǾŰٿʯ߰ɣ
Ҷ಻ѣʲôҩǶҪһǧƷʯ
ķ˵ʵ̫صˣ˶Ѿ˶𣬻ȥȡʯĹȴҩˣʵѲ³ȻǸ˸ļǮҪߡ
ֻû뵽ķûɵ£ȻҪȡԷһٿʯķãʵеˡ
һЩ˵ĺ棬Ҷ뿴ŹǶ͹˵ĵҩԶӿ˹ȥҶȻҲ⡣
һ߹䣬˵ĸ䣬Ѿһˣֻһλأ滹м鲹ͷ׷üվһˡ
ȻǶķˣߵĵӣν֮ɫҵɲ˸¡
ȻʱһҶϤͷҶˣⲢǳӵʡһǮ㻹ллңŵҲ͸ˣ
һ׹⳯ü߷˹ȥûȿ߾ڿը˿˳Ű׹ԴȥҶŷΣ
λŷҵȻѡҩҾλߵĵ
ҲϳŷΣʱȻѹļҵ˻ὫҩأƷҵˣ˭ҵ
һǼ˼ƷңɳļƷʦȫһķĿգöķѪ޿
߻ȻתλˣһЦȻû˵ȥ
λ߿ҲηļҺŷҵȻвޣҲǲҷֻѡ뿪
Ǵ·Լ׵ͷҶеͬҲ޿Ƶķ˳˸ѯ³ӵ֮󣬺ȻԼղڵһеǿһĵҩ
Ҷæ뿪һ䣬ҵǿŵҩ£һ·׷˳ȥ
ߵļ죬Ҷ֮ʱȻֻܿһ˿Ӱæںһ׷գ֮䣬˳֮⣬æǰ
ͣ½ŲתޱĿҶ
ǰ
ҶֱӽǿŵҩݵߵǰȻʩһ񣬱ת뿪߾ŵҩ¶ɻ֮ɫעҶʧıӰ


1303 

ҶֻߴһͬԼ徹ȻǱһεӸסƾԼʹǵ޷ǰһĽڽںˣٴλصߵǰ
߾ǿŵҩҶʲô˼ң
֮Ҷ˵ҩ뿪ǲöԷԼĸоȻû뵽ߵʵ֮߳ϣȻֽԼ˻
ǰˣֻպѡһųӵⶫãҿǰӦü裬Բ罫͸ǰ
ӵã
Ծޱ飬ҶȴԸоһѹ˵ͷҲ֪ӵʲôãȻá
仰΢΢һ̶ЦСһ˼ӵκ˵ŵͬãʹõõĻ꣬㾹Ȼ˵á
ԭˣǰȷʵڵ˵ãҶԾɼԼ˵
߶Ҷ˰֮΢΢һЦðɣҲҪųӵССͣȻͶüƷ֮ϧƺ쵤ãһ飬͸㣬ŵҩ
Ȼߵɫһ䣬»ָ˱֮ɫһ˦ֽһӸҶ߰ɣ
˵֮ߵ˫֮жȻ֮ϸɢһɿֲϢ˲ѾʧȥӰ١
Ҷǿ˴ľվԼΪһˣȻƾղɢǹϢԲ̫ҲʹпһλˣĴˣ
ڶķ֮Уûжŷǳ֣²ηļҺŷҵıʵڲмԼ󱲶֣
֪ǺηǿߣԼβǿˡ
ҶҡҡͷϽ뿪˸˵ĵطŵҩ˳ȫƷ쵤תȥջ˽Ʒʯ
ǸղżʶߺŷһĻҶ϶Ϊʯ㹻ˣڣ֪ԶԶ
һųӵĶҪһǧʯοЩĹг͵ˡ
ҶҲûмĵǻصǧ˪Ϊŵķ֮Уͳ͸ǿо
֮صȫһҩȫϸ˸ֵҩƷ࣬ЧãһЩĵڵҶ˵Ҫ
Ҷ֪򣬾Ǽֵǣ߿Ͻ͸ԼһĶ顣
Ҷչ֮Ŵ򿪷˳ҵǧ˪û˵飬ǽǸߵĳ˵˳ҪǷ֪ߵ
ǧ˪֮üͷ˰ҡҡͷ벻˵ûκ֮ȱȽǣô˺йϵ
ûʲôǺѡ
溦èǾͲҪˣչ⼸ǲоƷӦջɣˣǼȥ
ҶûоܾԼڵȷҪʯԸǧ˪һٴһķڽġ
ȻҶѡطΪģΪ˸ǳһ
ףôɣҲ
˸սţ乬ĽݲĽݲЦеĺǧ˪к
ԭܼ򵥣϶ΪҪӽһ£˭Ƕͷء
ȻĽݲȻûа֣Ҷֿһ˫עԼĳԹ񡪡ŷΣ
ŷΪƷҵĵӣȻҲһļƷ
ǧ˪ԳҶ֮ԣǲٴɫģĽݲĻҲǼ򵥵ĵ˵ͷȻҶȥͷβûпŷһۡ
ŷע˵ıӰĵһУҲķСҵ
仰ҶȻͣ˽ŲԼûǹһʼղϵԼ鷳ԼõĻҲʵе˵ȥˡ
Ҷתͷбۿŷεŷ֣˵ǰĵˣһŷϵ˳ӵƷҵļƷҲ˰
ŷ΢΢һ̶ϺȻֳһЦ˼ĪҲƷûеӺҶһأ
ҶݷȤǧ˪תƷǲȻУֻǣ䲻𰡣
ЦŷοڣѾȵŷĽٹڴˣ䲻Ŀɣ
Ҷ˫һ̯ǾͶİɣ
ã
ŷλ˾һ˫ĿעҶҸģΪ˱˵ҹ۸㣬ֻҪѡ͵Ʒܸ߹ѡģ˫ʯ
ҶֱҪֿˣȴװؿǵӣúŵͷǼƷҵǣҾ͹ˣ
һԵǧ˪ŵţʶҶ㵽ûаգŷ˵һλߴƷļƷʦԼƷǼ͸ãŪãСᶪʱû˻վ㡣
Ҷûлشȴ̣ΪԸǣΪߵ̫ˣ㲻ǣҲŹңֻǲ֪ǿʦֵʱ򣬻ʲôһ飡


1304 Ⱥ
ǧ˪ҹŷΰæģԶ˽⣬֪ļƷ̫Ӧ޷Ҷȣŷεļ֮ȴŶλ߽׼ƷʦҶӮŷΣƱػὫǸʱ鷳
ҶȴŰգȻ塣
ķ֮ڻˣ˵һСӾȻҪŷλʱȫӿ˹ȻҲ˽ǮԼ幫ҵĹ
ǧ˪֮⣬˼һߵվŷߣϾǼƷҵĵӣĵǰţȻᣬҲܱȼġ
һЩҪŷϹϵˣȻŹͽŷε̫ûᣬûʽʼѾȺжҶ˳
СӣСı·ˣʱƨɿɾͲÿˡ
û£ŷլʺôҲø߲
ŷɫʮ㣬ǧ˪һģ⼸û¥ܣΪľܹǧ˪ķģȻǧ˪ʼǲٴɫЦûУȴȻԵãԼȻܹ
ֻû뵽β֪ðУȻõǧ˪ȻͷΪջεĹҶ鷳
ϧҶûнɶֱ֣ӽӣǧ˪棬ҲܲһеĶҶ֣һֱĥҸúõһ
ỹˣ
ΪȻ֪ԼļƷӮҶ϶Ǵ´ࡣ
ǰҶǧ˪ıӰŷĵСӣһҾ֪Ů˵ĺҲҪӮʯôǰףһҪɱ㡣
˵Ĵӵ֮£˵һ䣬֮зűİڷŸÿǰһЩ򵥽ܣĲʣԤƷףߵݡ
ⶼͷ޷ǾǱЩļֵѡ
ŷбۿҶѡȥ
ɣ
ﶼЩ˻ɫʲôö
ȻһٶҪٿƷʯǶŷ˵ʯ
һ˶֪κζķ۵ȶҼƷʦڲƻƵ¼Լ𣬴ӶжϳµƷס
еյģķԼˣ޴жϵĲŻ˶ģڶķ֮г۵۸ԽǱ˵ģֺĸҲԽͣ۸ԽģȻԽߡ
ˣܶǮȥķֱķ䡣
ȻҶȴ΢΢һЦҲ˻ɫҲָܳƷأ
Щŷٴη޼ɵĳŪŷ˼ʯ̫࣬õɣʶ۽ɣ
ǰͱģûʯαأ
ҶȻתɨ˵ЩˣƽĵȻôȤβһҶأҪǲҵĻͱᣡ
˵ʲô
Ⱥ֮е˱ɫʱǧ˪Ǳ΢΢һɨʱЩ׼ڴ˱͡
ô˵ҶҲǺǧ˪վһģȻҪͽŷΣҲ¥
ģôţҺģŷܲһݣ
˵һڵˣ̳ͣҪľ֣ҶһģȻǶŷǳġ
ŷһЦνֻλѣĸҽô˵Ķע𣿡
ҽӶ١ҶȻ乬ĽݲĽ֣ҪȤĻҲԼ롣
Ⱥ鼤ܣ׷ΪСӿ϶Ӳãǧ˪Ҳ˿ĭҶǲ´󣬺ŷһ˶ľˣȻô˶Ľݲ׼Ź
ĽݲȻҲû뵽ԷԼΪ乬ٹʲôҵģһЦãһҺŷһ˫ע

ҶĽݲһĴָ
Ҷ㵽ûаգϵʯûж٣
ǧ˪żĶҶʶ
Ҷգգۣûлش𣬼ѡ
ιСӣǴʦ֮ҿѡɣõĻû׼ܳ
˵ЦҶָһ⼣߰ߵͭ
ã㿴ɻ쾧ƶɣ·ɣҲƷ
ǧ˪۵ݺݵĵЩ˵ǶǶģᣬҲ
Ȼû뵽ҶȴͻȻס׼ǧ˪⼸λǳڶķḻ۹ǣӦлл˼ҲŶԣҾǵĽ飬ѡɣ


1305 ӱ
Ҷ仰˵֮ͻȻһƬţÿ˶ÿһĿעҶ
ɵӶǼ˴ڵЦŪҶָѣҶȻΪ棬ΪǺĽ飬ľ;ѡⲻë
㡭
ǧ˪Ҷһֶ˵ˡ
ķˣǮһ˿ʧԭҶԼ϶ͷĽݲﻹҶ˲¶ܹ࣬ӮĽݲҲԼڿԼʵǸ߿ˡ
ֻҶûһŶķ˵ܹٿƷʯˡ
ֱҶʯץ֮˲γѣ˴ƬĳЦ֮
һǸɵӰ˵ʲôʲô
ô۸һɵӣǲе㲻صٺ٣ŵʯҲܲҪ
ŷѡɣϽСϵʯӮ⣬
ŷҲǺĴЦҿٸᣬѡ񼸼˵۸һɵӡ
Ҷֵĵˣǵ۹⣬ŷѡɡ
ŷЦһҶҲѡһʯһİʯ
λҶɤţ˵ڿʼ֮ǰٸλȷһ飬Һŷ˭ѡƷ׸ߣ˭ӮһҪӮһѡֵ൱ʯŷĽٹ˫ע֮⣬λûҪעģ
ȺٴλȻСѵΪѡƷôаգϣע
СӣжʯǼע𣿡
Ҫⲻ𣬻ˣĻ㣬ɱ뿪ˡ
˲Ҷ״жʯҶȴЦĵûУѵǻǲǣ
ǧ˪ҶһۣûлӦһҲԣǧ˪λ彾ŮڴˣѵҶˣ
ãҼӱ
Ҳӱ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˵мֱΪһֻ˶ĸÿ˶ʼӱͳŷκĽݲ˶עȫ˫ע
ķ˼ۼ˹ģʢȺģһ漰乬ͼƷڣȻ˵Ȥ
ˣСӣɡ
ҶƵŷεǰŷѧԨӦֱӽ⿪ƣ鷳ˣٿʡżǮ
Ϊ֮㵹ôĶעˣȻ᲻ûǮǺⰡ
ŷαܾתһ룬ԼԽӮҶǳĴҶֶΪأ
ŷҲӹҶҾ˰ɣ
˵ŷλе㱾£ºܿѾ˳ڳ˱ٴѻȸǸղš⡱ΪҶָˣɫ΢΢ס
ȻƷϵȳһټֵһǧƷʯ
ҶͶҪЦĺϲ£ˣŷηƵģæֽ˻ڻﲻ֡
ǹʺˣüʽȻƷҪˣ
㣬û·Ҫº˰ɣǶȥˣ
Ҳһû׼ŷѡƷأϣӮġ
ڣЩֻҰοеϣŷεˡ
ŷԼҲüͷֱ壬û뵽ҶȻѡûж룬ҲֻΪҶ̫öѡ
ŷοʼԼĽǳ
ҶӮˣ
˼λҽӮˣǧʯһһ˾ǧ飬˾ǧ飬лл˰
ҶЦöһ仨̯ߵ˵ǰҪԼӮõĶע
֪˿̵ĸˣȻһǧʯ࣬Ҳһۡ
ҪˣĿ֮£ô˵棬ҲʵûǸˣֻƲֵͳǧʯ
ŷҲǼΪˬǲˣһǧʯ˦˵ϣֻĽݲ黹ƽ˵ͳԼʯ
ǧʯڵϣɢʹâ˶һҶĽˡ
գ֮䣬ӮôʯҲʵ̫˰ɣ
Ҷһӣеʯȫװ˿ռ䳾֮УЦеĵλ⣬Ҿȴ֮ˣˣλղŶлǺĵĽ飬ٰһʮʯСС⣬ǶλĴлˡ


1306 Ϊĵ
ҶŽгĴأġָˣʮʯϺһһĲ֪ηӦˡ
ԭǶ볰ЦҶͽһŷΣȻ˳̵ôģȻû뵽˷۱ҶЦҶѡƼģԼȥǧʯֻܴ̣п˵
ʵҶǰķ䣬Ѿ˸µ˽⣬ܹļƷƷֻʱֹƷ
ƷɣǸղƼɴ͹һװɵ㶵ĽݺݵķÿһĶ⡣
ǧ˪Ҳ¶ЦݣʵҶĵģϾϻҶǰѡİ˼Ʒ
ֻŷΣⲻ˻е㵣ģϾ˵ӰŷҵǷš
ڣǧʯ֣ȻҲĿҲƷ֮ϣҶĽӸֶȺõŮˣһ취ûС
ҶϴŵЦݵŷĽٹûȤİ
ģŷ˸βĶĵ֪ҲҶġ
˽ŷε֪ʵŷεļƷƫڵƣ⼸ҲʼڸķѡҩҶǿԭλԤġӵ
ȻŷҲΪҶղӮȫײˣΪ˱ԼǿҶԶģøаա
ƽ׵õʯʲôҶĵģҶЦЦһһڳ˵ļ䣬ЩʯɶǷ׵İ
ҶЦݣϿҵֿĽݲ˵λأûȤ
Ȥ
ڵĽݲΪһ乬ٹǧʯ˵Ĳʲôŷģģʵǲöŷν
ȴԥ
ʵȻŷӮֻǿɲŷκĽݲƴ֣ǧʯ˲ûˣϵʯĵġ
󼸸˵һ£һӥǵվҲ롣
Ǽ˽ϵʯյһ𣬽Ҷġ
ҶȻףҲҴЦŵ˫𣿡
ӥǶʱʱĽݲƵĵ˫ˣĵ֮һ޼ۡ
ĽݲĻȻ˳˿˵Ҳʵгĸʼͣǵг͵۵ĸԸߵ㣬ǧʯĳһת԰ļ۸˳ȥ
Ϊҩļֵ޷ǿųӵҶ˵ںλȴǼΪںͬĵҩͬ˳ļ۸ȻҲͬ
߰ɣ
Ҷǧ˪ȶУ뿪ŵȥȻǺƺƵĸһȺˣⳡԽԽ˼ˣ˭Ҳ
ʱ˺ȻŷδŷҸղ˵Сǰڸķתƹܳʱ򣬶ҳ˼͵ڵһ䣬ΪԷһñٸĵһڵĵˡ
ŷβɫĵ˵ͷ
ȻǻҶǼѾһڵ͵˴ţ顣
ĵһ䣬Ҷȥŷαôǵһ䣿ҪģǾͶĴģȥķ䣬Σ
Ҷͷŷһ΢΢һЦãǾ鷳ŷ·ˣ㿴ʣǾģ
˼ǰһ·֮ϣŷ߹߸䣬ڵڰ˸ڴͣתͷҶΣ
Ⱥ֮Ѿ˴ڵÿҶķһĵĹأǵܹǾŸ䣬ռ۸ɵ͵ߣ룬ڰ˸۵ĵԶˡ
ȻŷҪһԵĽҶĳ⵰
ȻҶȴǵһЦ˵ӹĹһ͵֪ĶķûУ
Ǯվ˳У
Ȼˣǲȥһ䣬ĶĿĹгĵɣ
˻һ˶ʱȻҶôĵӰȻķѾЩ͵˳ۣôȥˣûһ˸ҳֶģϾֵ̫ˣһʧˣǾǸҲе޷ܡ
ŷκĽݲɫеˣĽݲüλѣĹгĵһټֵʮʯõĳ𣿡


1307 ھŸ
һδĵʮƷʯ۸ڵۣ˶ࡣ
ҶԼӵеʯʱ򣬺ȻǮٴվЦеĵûϵ˭ϵʯǷţϾλͷǽķҲλˡ
Ǯ˴󷽣ȫҪҶ֮ѵһĽݲ˵֮󣬻ҶƵЦЦ
ȻҶȴǸ飬乬۹ˣȻĵˣǽΪ壬׷ɱǵˣԼͬŹ
㣬Ҷ֪Լϵʯȷʵʮ飬һŵȻҲˣԸĿڵɣ˹Ĺг͵֮⣬ھŸ֮УһһЩ͵ǾѡһЩģЩĹгĵպлᡣ
ŷζҶֱֱĿ˰κһЦã㣡
ھŸ䣬ˣǧƽףֻһȴţ֮ûУΧǽڶרŵ̵Ĳ϶ɣԵֵһ
֮ڵƻͨÿһ䶼ɢѤâҹ飬ȫûǵĴڣܵ棬һĺߣ˫ĿգһеǺһ
ÿ˶֪λ߿϶ǽĳϼҲĸ֣Է˻ĵ
ɴ˿ɼÿһŵļֵԾˡ
⣬ĵҩҲİڹӻǼ֮ϣɶ칤ĲóһЩȻۣһһߵԲʯ̨ʯ̨֮һε·ɵķӡڷŵľǴӹĹ֮гһŵҩ
һȪŸˮӿˮ룬ͬһŵҩ⡣
ҩ٣˹Ĺг֮⣬һЩﲻ֪˶ĵҩΪǵļ۸ˣʼ˸ҳֹ
չأ˶ĵ֮⣬ûʸģֻվۿ
еһ̲סʵЩҩĶˣģȫǱΪʲô˲Լ˼أ
СһΪû˼ɣÿһŵҩ϶ҹ߽׼ƷʦֻûжϳģԼҲľʹ˽һǷϵǾˣԾͰڷԸ߼۳ۣӶΪԼ׬ȡ档
ѵ򣿡
ôûУ˻ΪЩҩ֮Уȷ󲻵ĺõһĻǿɾ׬ˡ
ҶҲǵһڶķһ䣬һ֮£ȻǴֱʣҲûԼ˵Ŀģתͷ˿ղǸӥǵ̨㻹Ĳˣ
ӥǵʱǵͨ죬˺һҧģǾͲôã
Ǽ˸ղŴճһʯȷҶˡ
ãҶͷֿŷκĽݲڿʼˣ
ߣСӣ͵ŽϵʯТҰɣ
ŷ˽ȥĽݲӥǵΪҲμ˶ĵȻҲʸ롣
ǧ˪̲סٴδҶСӣˣĵͶǲһԼĽȥ
ģ
ҶĻӦһǧ˪˽ȥ
ڷĸе߶˵ĽԾû˿ķӦƤû̧һ£ȻֻҪû˳ǲܻᶯġ
Ҷһ̸̤֮оҪŨ࣬ԼһЩصķ㣬ۣܹһƵƣȻԴĵҩ
ŷκĽݲȻǵһֵطˣ֮ǰΣᳵ·һߵţһⲽѰԼҪĵҩ
ڽǮʾ֮£һķߵҶǧ˪ߣǹۿĵҩϸ͡
ҶҲţǵһоĵҩǲ
ڽתһʱҶѾ¶֮ɫΪĿǰΪֹۻûܹһĿȻĿκһŵҩĵơ
ݺݵŷκĽݲ˵ģ𷴹ԼıǸˣСʮʯȻ𣬵Ҳװ׵͸ǡ
һʱ֮ŷκĽݲѾѡһŵҩͨɫһȦĺ㣬ͬǳһֵʯ
СӣѾѡˣ㻹Ҫã
Ҷ𻰣ֻǼӿٶȣȫתֻ֮˰ʱʱ䣬ѡһŵҩֵȻʯ
Ҷѡĵҩŷ̲סЦСӣһҪΪľһǺõģ


1308 
ҶЦЦǷϵҲֻǿǧʯѣһǺõҿɾ׬ˡ
һ仰ͽŷε˵ˣǷϵҶǾͿǧʯǶǧ飬Ǽ޳ģ
ŷһϻˣϽɣԼҲˣ
ղŷι󷽣ҶӮԼڼ϶ҶѡŵǷϵҲϳˡ
ҶЦȴʧ̾˿ҾֻٻʯˣһƷİɣ
Ȳѵʱ׼֪ԼǼƷʦ£Ļɾûа취Ӯȡɹ۵ʯˡ
Ļŷε޲زū᲻򣡡
ƷԼƷ쵤ˣȻҶ۵ĽʮʯƷҩ֮󣬼ȴֱӻ˻ҽ޷ŵƷ׺ԡ
һ£ŷε˲˵ˣΪ˵ŵҩƷ׺ܿĳƷĻҶӮĸȻҲ֮
Ҳ˲ҶôոռƷһŵҩѵƷ쵤
ҶһţһģѰٿʯƷļȻԾ޷
Ⱥ֮е˼žƷʧЧôŵҩƷֻֿܣһ־޷üķϵһ֣ǵҩƷ״ﵽƷ
Ʒҩʲôõģ۸ɾ͸ߵˣҲʮʯ𲽣ﵽҲʲôϡ顣
ҶԼҲеסˣȻۣԼԸ쵤˽⣬ټƺ͵ƵӳգƲŵҩӦòǷϵȴҲ벻ȻпܻƷҩ
ȻŷһЦӣֻƷˣֻǲ֪ܷ𣬶ҾһǿŷϵĻɾͿˣ
ƷֵһƷʯ
Ҷ᲻ãȻʯĺܿ죬һǱȴĿˣŵҩŲʯѣ
Ҷֳ嶯ҪԼĵǿĥҩϵĵƣʱǮٴվ˳ɣλֵܣҿļƷʦһǧʯλƷʦֻƷһĻôʯǲ˵ġ
ÿһλƷʦķΪľǳ֮ʱǳִΪȻҲҪѴۣĴƷ֮⣬ڼƷʦʮλƷʦǴӽġ
ȻŵҩƷĻƷƷʦҲ޷ԽǮҪһǧҲȻǸ˸ŻݼۣҶȻҪеһķա
Ǿͽˣ
ʱ˿̣ҶֻѡһǧܱһҪٵĶࡣ
ŷȴǴŲһ۽ǮЦеĵŷ֣һҲҪƷʦֵĻͬǮ
ȻŷΪƷңǽҲûеļƷʦֻܵͷ
ҵļƷʦˣһλֺߣȻòڣһ˫۾ȴ쳣ǼƷʦص㣬۾Ȼڳˡ
ƷʦֻǶŽǮ˵ͷˣֱӵסҶǿŵҩ֮з⣬·͵ҩϵĵƽ֯һ
ͻȻһ죬ƷʦжȻһ뵰ڿ۳һѩ׵ƲʣƴСòɢ³Լ֮УȻ˸о·ͻȻƶ֮ϡ
֮⣬Ⱥһըˣ
ʲôǴӵҩ֮г𣿡
ǣһɫƲʣѵǵ飬ܰɣĵҩĵҩ
꣬飬ͬҲе飬ͬе˵ܹĵҩҲҩ޼֮
ҶԼҲסˣ˿̵ҩĵƲûȫ⿪ֻǸӦ˼ƷʦƣӵԶһγ˰ơ
ֿͬܣһ־ǵҩȷ˵飬һ־Ǽ򵥵ࡣ
ӳһһЩĲϡֲΪǶǾ֮µȷҲܻࡣ
ֻ࣬ҲһޱȣΪҲпǳ֮ʱȡĳȴƺƷӡס޷ͷųڵƺ΢ɶ£ȻȽͷųˡ
֮ಢܴκ⣬ԾŵҩƷΣҪ׵ļ֪֮
ɰɫƲʵĳ֣ĸʼձ۾ߣȴǼͬʱ۾


1309 ׳
ɫƲʵĳýҵļƷʦҲһʶ㣬Ҷ뵽й⣬Ҳ˽⣬Ժܿ侲Լơ
ģҩϵĵƿʼɶֵ֮ԽԽӿ¿еƬɫƲʵҲԽԽ󣬲һߡ
Ƭ֮ƲѾƮĶʼİƴĥ̴СҲǵİɫųʹ⻪һĲһ㡣
λͬʱվȻԶȴǲԼͬĵ⣬ȻϿѾ֮һƬĻǽ
е̲סһǵɣϵľٶǵĵ߰
飬ǵҩ꣬ԣȷпܴӵг֮ߣҸطΪ˵ҩеȫҩԣߣǵҩ㻹ڣҲǿŷϵˡ
⵽ʲôȻ˵飬̫ˣ
ûаȻܹۼһĻ
ӣŷҪˣǵ飬ŵҩʲôԶ޼֮
ƷʦֻƷⵤҩеĻƷôֻƷƷأ
㶮ʲôҩƷֻʦһЩ׼лֳģһЩЩ׼ͬ޿ҩЧĵҩѾ˵ҩƷ׻֣Ʒ֮ԼƷʦܹҲʲôֵ¡
ΧȻſ޷룬߲δܵ˿һ鼤ҵţ˴æ뿪һϢȥΪÿɣÿ嶼нľˣܹһֱǵľҩ
Ƚŷε˵ɫȻǲ˼㣬ʵû뵽ҶȻпѡһĵҩ
ǮҲϵЦݣɫأе㰵ڣΪʲôҪ˺ĵİסҶ
Ϊŵҩ˵ĻǽҲǿˣôһöĵҩڶķ֮гۡ
ȻҶǻʯǱӵеĵҩļֵ̫̫ˡ
ƷʦҲǼΪȻǼƷʦǻûԼʲô߼ĵҩһκпܿʷͼƷźô
ǷǳϵĶȴӵСλҲߵߣΧסļǵ飬Ҳܴߡ
˶˵Ļˣɼŵļп޼֮Ⱥٴηڣ׷׿ڴߴټƷʦ㡣
Ͻɣ˼˶ģ㵣ʲô
ǰʲôҩɡ
ҶȷǲҲżЦеĿŷκĽݲǸӥΪ׵ļѾɫҰ׵ˡ
Ѿ޷ŵҩ޼֮ĻһʯҶͷ
ƷʦҲһʧһʱͻȻһ𣬱һ޵Ļ䣬˿ǶƲ֮ϣӳԣͬʱһƢķҷƮݶ˲䡣
ɫɫʻټ˱ǵζñͲ˸ӵļмѶİ׷ԲԵѾ̲סеСӣ¼ˣҸʯŵҰɣ
ҳ飡ͬ˲ʾ̧˼۸
ڵҩδ£۸ȻѾһ˶ҶĽѡ
⼸۵޲ǳ˾ϼһжϳŵҩԼΪûбȫʱֽ¡
ȻҶȻϴӦҡҡͷһˣҲҪ⾿ʲô
СһҪ֪Ȼ֣пǷϵ²û
˿ʼŻҶ˵ĵʵ飬κεҩû֮ǰܳʲô࣬ȻпǷϵ
ǰң㻹׬ʯҪǷϵɾ飬ɣٸһ飬飬㿼
Ҷһ˵λߣȻҲһֻӥǣòԼλҲм񣬶ʱȻӦþСӥǵĳ
Ȼǧ˪ҲˣҶϼһжǧۣǸһΪɵĳϣǸСӥСүүĵẠ̊́ŵֿӲ䡣
ҶȻ̬ҡҡͷλǰˣһ
ߣ
ǧ۶ʱ¶֮ɫĵһǾ仰㿼


1310 Ǹǻ
ʱλ֮еһ̬ƽĵСѣֻҪ㲻˿ɱ㡣
֮⣬ûнǧ۷ҲǶķеĹأΪңȻҪԼܵκвɧţֻһ뿪ķŵҲʧЧˡ
ҶͷʾƷʦ
ڣһ˿ƶƷʦƸ⿪֮һеӵҩ֮Ʈ˳еҲںһ𣬾ڼƷʦΧ裬ҷŨ֮ž;ƮƮȻ֮С
ҩҲԭȵӣȻ޷ֱ͸
⵽ʲôҩ֪𣿡
ʲôҩͳԼֵǣСӵ̫ˡ
ȻĿǰ޷֪ǺֵҩѾԿ϶ҩļֵԲơ
Ʒʦŵ㲻ᣬŵҩҶУϾҶˡ
Ҷŵҩл͸Լǿеļأ֤ŵҩֺԡ
Χ˵²⣬Ҳڷ׷ײ²ŵҩǮѾȥҶķڵʦŵҩ
ոǼ۵ߴ˿ҲٴζҶ˼۸񣺡СֵܣҳʯңΣ
飬Ҫˣ۸񲻵˰
ǧ΢һеĵһڼۣʮƷʯϷҪˣ
ʱʦѾȺм˽̬Ҳǳ˿ҶҪŵҩҶûоܾҩݹȥͬʱڵҾӦǸֻҪ֪ҩЧҪɢ
ʦ΢΢һ˵ʵܹڶķУ˵ĵλҲǼߣûнҶֻŵҩȻҶĻȴı̬ȣΪȻҶҲǶ֮ˣѾ֪˵ҩơ
Ҳû̻ش𣬶ǽӹĶ֮󣬲ŵͷпǸȷڲ
˵ĶԻ˶ϡͿ̲סеʲôǸǽ
ǰ֪Ƕ֪ʲô
ʦһ۵⸣֮У֮һƷֽܴ֮֮ȻͬҩЧпһһ鵤ҲпһһķϵҪ֪ĽͱɢȦ֮һһ롣
ˣǲǻиֽвʶĿȺ˺
ʶĿǱ˸һšʦͷпĵϴγָǧ֮ǰû뵽쾹ȻҼһš
˵𸣻˲֪ʶĿȴ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫȷ˵ּΪĵҩֻǾǸǻҪǲ
ѹʦղҪҶǲھĻֵǮȵɢһǻĻǾͲֵǮˡ
仰˵ҶȻڶĵһΣҲǼΪ顣
ȺֿʼеΪҶӦϾǧ۶ʮʯۣζֵˡ
еȴΪҶѾĵһˣӦüȥһǸǿɾͲֹʮʯˡ
ȣǧۺȻٴοڵˣڳʯ׬飬Σ
ǧ˪üͷղ㻹ʮ飬ôôṦ򣬲Ƿһ룿
ǧһЦֲûŵǸĻʮ鶼Ӷ࣬ǱϾһĸʻǻԼ۸ȻҲҪһˣˣһˣ壬ɾûˡ
ȻʱλʦȻڵСֵܣҳʮ飬ŵ
ʦǽˣˣһſڣ޲𾪣Ǯ̿ڵֵܣǽԸʮһʯŵҩջأ
Ⱥٴηڣʦͽ徹ȻԼǾ˵ŵҩʮа˾ŻǸȻĻôܳôߵļ۸
ǧ۵ɫΪѿȴҲ޿κΡ
ҶʼЦе˵ıֱۣʱſڵλȱżһǾ仰ֵزζҪǸǻ˵ŷĽǼλ֮仹ڶĵֻжϳֵź˲𣿡
ŷκĽݲɫʵʼնÿﶼѾ϶ԼǱˣҶֱӵɫ˼£ǿ൱һʯ
ȻλСӥǶСתתζĵû˵ҪͶʱһĹأҽ飬ŵҩľֵ֪ʱýķȷһ£


1311 
С仰ѾǳˣˣȻŷȴǼæ͵ûȻ˵ǶĵǾĶķû˵ȷһ£Էʱ˲ˡ
Ȼ˭֪⵽ô£ŷҺ乬ټ϶ǧۻվȺ֮УȻҲû˻վΪҶƽ
ǧ˪ͨ죬ſھҪȻȴҶסЦĿŷε˵ԣŷǾ˵˵ζģ
ŷȻҲ֪Լֱ˦ǧʯӮˣߣˣһôࡣ
ҶЦЦĽݲĽٹأ
һĽݲɫеΣȴóһʯһԲ
С֮Ҳͬóǧʯ
Ȼе㶪ˣǲô˵ܱƽʧʮʯҪõĶࡣ
λȷ𣿡ҶȻգЦеʵ

ŷҲ˼˵ʲôˡ
ðɣǾôˡ
ǧ˪еżĵǰˣôͬأ
Ҷͬ⣬ǲͬʲô취ղȷʵû̸á
ҲĲںʯϾŵȴĸĵ顣
ˣڼȻûˣǻǰɢƬɣ
ʵɢǺܼ򵥵飬ƶ˾Ҷٸκνڣʦ
ʦŸϵոɢһ˿֮󣬾˿˿â˶ʱ֮̾ȻԿ϶Ǹ
ȻɢŸҲ¶ĿͨɫԲ⻬֮ϵâתɢζֱŨ˷ָĵز
㣬ףңңͻˣ
ģҲԸоΪ
ⵤҩЧֱ˰ɣɢζЧ
Ⱥд˷ľ֮ÿ˶ǴǶ˵֮еõ˺ô
ʦȴǼæ֣ҩװ뵽һƿ֮Уҩζɢ̫࣬ᵼʧ
˵˶֪ҶĶˣӮһĸʣŸǸ
һкʦƿҶСֵܣϲԸʮʯ˵
˵ʵλʦҶкøеģŸֵ̫ʵ᲻
ӹƿҶûüڣĽݲȻԼǰʯ͵Ҷǰٶˣ䣬ҵĶע̨պã⣬乬Ըʮʯ򣡡
ȻĽݲ֪ҶܽҩԼҲҪȡһ¡
ǮüĴĽɫͭǮһ⣬Ҳ֮ڵԸʮ򡣡
ǮҪԼĶͷĽݲҲõλߵĴĿܽŸ֣ԲŻῪۡ
ǧ۵йâ˸ٴδеҳʮ򣡡
Ŵ˷Ľм˾Լһ㣬ʮʯ¶һӶȻȴǲֵǮһ㣬ھͱ˳
Ҳ֪ʱ򺰳۸ģǼͷŸҲڱصá
ҶԼ̫ѨΪѵĵҲ̫˰ɣǺأŸһԼţԺû׼ܾһأ
ǵ۰ɣ
̲סСԳ˼ʵĿ
ʮ򣡡
ķеλ˳ߵһ۸񣺡ʮ򣬶ԵŸļֵˡ
忴ƿʮۣʵԼֻҪʮ򣬱ϾҶҲ飬ǸϣҶûŸ
ǧ˪ҲҶʮ򻹲𣿲ˣʮʮ򰡣
ʵҶ뽫ŵҩţԼòϣԼߵˣܹõϡ
ҲԼŵ˵֣ôֻҪԼ߳ķͻܵ˵Ĺ»
ҶΪѵʱȺ֮һʵ𣺡ֵʵ޷Ļ罫ŸУΪ˱ʾ⣬ֻ۵Ӷ𡣡
ŵ¾Ȼˡ
鵹ĽҶڵ⣬ںǧ˪һ̵֮ͷãҾίˡ
УһҶԽļֵ󻯣ҲõĻ˳ֶԸԼ
ģһľ
²Ÿߣǵ˵֤ŵҩʧĻŽ⳥ҶʮƷʯ
ǽɽ󽻳ȥˣҶŷεŷǲǸѡŵҩˣϾǵĶľֻûзֳӮأ


1312 ԡˮ
ŷ֪ԼɣҲûоܾȻѡĵҩҲƷ쵤Ǹ޷͸ȣֻ䣬Ҷջһʯ
Ҷջ˼ʵӶɳˣǶעӮǧʯȻȥ飬ǿŸ۸ŲڶʮŶ೤ʱ䣬׬˱˿һӶ׬ʯ
ôôõĹʺˣ̫û˰ɣ
ڶķ֮ת˺üˣ쵤δ򵽹һһȴһһ׼
ҶʯУЦеĿŷεŷĲˣ
ֹŷΣȫˣ
ŷγǷˣŻģⳡĵΪСˣĻŷζҪʮʯĻʱ·Ҫ⣬ƨɻؼҵ˾ҵˣ
ҲţŷνôңԲܾưոݣȥ֮Ȼ壬ļƷʦԸҶ
ŷβ˵ˣҶһһĽݲСԼֵ˷ͬѯʡ
ȻòκλӦҶеϧ̾˿ǿֻһ˶ˣ
ʲô㻹Ҫģ
ǧ˪̲סгҲǵ
ҶѾôջˣȻ֪þգҪȥ
ΪʲôģЩʯǴ͵ģȫȥҲûκʧһҶ¶޺ЦݵһӮˣǻ׬㣡
ˣŷΣС˶ѾĶҶӮѵ첻ɣ˿һɶٶĵĻԻҵ⣡
ȴҲһʮ޳ҶĵѾȫӿ䣬һ⣬ȫǰ׷ԲԵߡ
ˣ˶ǰ࣬ΪЩ߶ǴͷǸе޳ϣǲǿߣһʵǿĿ£Ƕһͬ㣬Ͷһķϡ
Ҷ֪˾˥ĻôͻףЩ߶Ѿӵ˵һ˥ࡪԡˮ
һΪˣԡʱˮȻĴϻ䣬еεմǵһ죬ԡˮմٻ䣬ǴѾ˵һ˥࣬Ľ
Ҳֻ˵ʿҪһЩѡ
Щ飬ĿǰҶ֪ͨǸҪӵԼܹ뵽һ
ȻĻĵҩոռĸôЩ˾߼أ
ղ˸Ұɣҳʮʯ
ϲģǰ㲻ǸһŰôСֵܣҳʮҰɣ
Щԭڶķղ˽Ϣɢ˳ȥЩæĴӻǵ˷˹
һĿ֮г˼УϻþܱƵЦݣҶǰϵˢŸļ۸
Ȼ˵չأĵûʸھŸģЩ˶Ǹķĳˣ춼ڶķ֮УǶڶĵŨȤԽλҲǳȥ
ȻҲ죬ڱʮ˾۸ͨˣ֮еģģ۹ģ
ЩԪ޶˵ٶʯҲһҪ
λǰѾŴΪˣλҪĻʱȥۣûˡ
ҶεĴ
ҲУ۸ߵãܹƽߵͷ˵㻹ҪĵСһؼѡţҲմմ⡣
ǼҶѡΪⶫ治˵˵סǶϣȻҶôãôҲѡһŸ
ʵҶѡȻٷ֮ʮĻļƷȻûۣ֮ûȫչ۵е֮ۼǿĵƣȴڼƷӵŵơ
ãҾͼѡ
ѡɣĴ󵨵ѡЩڣۻ춼û˸Ҷ㣡
ȻЩ˲ҶΣҲҶʲôˣڣġ
ǣҶǧ˪ʼڼתһȺʹ˵ϼһಽĽ棬漫Ϊ׳ۡ
ˣôþգǧ˪ȻеԹҶĵΪ
ҶЦʵԼ뷨֮ͨķӦͺ䶯֪Щ˶ԺõĿ
ˣȻѾĳĳ˺䶯ɴٶĴ㣬ýдеЩϼһȫҲܼһʦִĹΣ
һȺﲻϽĹʵе㲻ģҪеĿע۵Լϡ


1313 м
Ҷ֮лţÿһٶǣڳ˵ֻ࣬Ҫĳŵҩ֮ǰ΢ͣʱһ㣬Ⱥ֮̾ͻӿΧŵҩҿ
ߣһλҲʯһҶԥȴûֹĵҩ
Ľλ߼ΪȻǿŷϵʯˮƯҲۣҶ˫ĿŹĶҶ
Щ˵ľٶҶȫ޶ãΪѾȫĵͶ뵽ѡ֮УȫһһĿԼṴճơ
ߵǿŷԲʯϵĵҩҿ̾СֵܣŵǴͷǧʱ䶼û˸ѡѡ׼û϶Ǻõ
Щ˳ϣմҶĺ֮⣬ҲϣҶֽܹķ֮һЩվöʽ򣬵ȴǣŴ󲿷ֶĵߵĵҩ
ΪģֻΪģ
κһķĵھŸ֮УһЩ۸Ϊ󣬿ȥõȴ޴жϵĵҩ
ҶΪվڸλƣƣۿ֮ûаգҡҡͷǰ
ҶǿλھŵˮɵȪ֮еĵҩǰʵİ跽ǹΪ֮𣿡
ǣǮԿڽ͵ŵʮ֣۷ںδʱһƶֻаڷĻ֮£ſά֡
ֹʯΪʲôǲɴཫˣ
ûаգ
ǮĻشֱӣûаգһǷϵʲôûУǷۣ۸ȴǸߴƷʯף
κ˶Ը۶Ըðա
鼤ĵŵ֪˿ĴƷҵļƷʦǣȴʼûһ˸¼
СĳŵǽҲǲˣŵҩҳＸ궼Բ˯š
ǰҲһֱ֪ʲôϧʼû˿ϳ֣ͿСһûˡ
ôһȺʹ˵߽ҶΧģ²С̸ţڴҶܹеԸ
ҶŵȤϸĶŵҩ˷·ʯͷһͷ
Ҷ̬ܶථе߶ǼΪԾСһѵǼƷʦĴˣӣ˴˵ֻмƷʦŶм
мǸҪĶԣӦ
ŵҩλھŵˮ֮УȻˮˣˮҶ˿ݷʯͷм
Ʒʦɣĺˣ
ǳһʥսĺˣʲôҶţȻʥ֣ܳΪʲôƷʦĺ˲ܳأ
֮ǧ˪ĶУҶҪµĹ±ҲţҶʲôϵ
ʱҶվĻͷһܣһ
ԼѾļˣд󲿷ͷӣҲиǿߣĺãȫˡ
ȻЩ˶õϢԸϹֵģҲ裬Ϊ˷ֹ⣬ԭڵֶ˰
ҶȻע⵽Ⱥ֮һϴɫ˿סòŮӣҲ˿òҶȫʩչۣߺ谭Ĵǲ˿һ޵˼µݡ
ɣ
ҶԺ֮бܵĸֳĴ
ҶԱȽϴ˶Ů޲ɷ֪Ůӵǵһľ硣
ҶҲǲɫɨһ֮󣬾ջĿ⣬ٴνעеǰǿŵҩ֮ϡ
Сһа𣿡
кĵ߿ʵ
Ҷ΢΢һЦû̫İգٹ۲һᡣ
仰֮Ҷٴζסŵ
ȻҶ֮ɫâת۳һ·֯һ·Ȼŵҩ˹ȥ
ҩӦһ㣬ԭڱĵƾȻҲ֣֮Χ·ӳת
⣬ⲻսҲƣʲô
֪ƾȻǻһ㣬СӹȻǼƷʦ
ʱҶҲûмˣΪŵҩķǳԴѧһΪļƷʩչ˳
ϧȻ޷жϣǧ˪̲סȰоͱѡţһŰɣ
ҶȴҡҡͷԵԿ
СӣԵõĺãĵʵǶԵ㣡
߶Ҷ˴ĴָΪ仰ǺܶƷʦ޷򵽵ġ
ٴγ˼Ƭ̣Ҷһγˣ
һΣҶ˫֮жȻâһһųԶľ֮ںһ𣬾Ȼ漣ı˽͸֮ɫ
󣬴ۣ֮



1314 ʧ
ۣ֮
ĸʵ̫ˣ˶һǼƷʦܾ߱һ۾
һȺ׷ߵжǾ䣬ƺ޲ҪҶǮĺµǿҲ¶ɫ
ǧ˪ֱǰһ˶ҪҶ塣
ŷκĽݲ̲סһۣ˾ӶԷпһ˿ЦҶǼƷʦԼЩ˻ֱ
ķ֮ڶһƬžÿ˵ĿⶼҶ͸Ŀ⡣
Ǵ֮𣿡
СĿʡ
е񣬲˵֮ɫ˫۾Ȼ͸ǻܿһ˿ɫңû˵֮һһĿ⽻ɵġ
֪ˣⲻǴۣۣ֮һۿһۿȻûд֮ôҲһԿһС
жеϳҶ˫۾㲻Ǵۣ֮ҲԴЩǿҵ𾪡
Ȼв˵Ѿʼ˼Ŵӽ֮󣬸κҶദˡ
Ȼû֪ҶǾƾ˫۾յļƷӵĵλݣΪ˸Ҫ£ֺõĶ
Ҷûյ˽̸Ӱ죬Լʩչ˼£ĶŵҩУŵҩͬ͸
ͬʱ˫ϵӿȪѨҲȻ¶˿˿أݴ˴ĵƣƣԼĵƣһпܵͻƵƣŵıʡ
Ҷ³˿ջеľ⣬ҡҡͷɫصĵǲȷҾˣѡˣ
Ҷ˾Χ۵ȺʱΪ֮䶯ÿҲһڳ𿴸ѡļȴ˿Ҷ
Сӣǹϰ뵱ĴƷҵļƷʦû˸ҳѡ˵
Ȼѡ˾ͿɣǶȲˣ˶ˣһԸ
ŷмĵôƷʦѡŵȴѡҲǼƷʦѵܹǿмƷʦҿŵһǷϵ
Сͷŷ˵̫ˣǾ͵ſ󣬺ٺ٣ʯ
Ҷе˵ĻУȴɫ͹еʯ˾飬ڽŵȡС
ʯԲһСĿҶҲеʹ
˵ʵŵȻһЩƷϧ۱¶Ծ޷ܾŵбȻЩ쳣ֻǾǷľǺõĵҩҲûаա
ǣҲŵԾؿǣ֣Ķĵ
Ҷȡŵǽ帺λ߶ļͷ
Ҳ뿴űԼػôõĵ®ɽĿ
ҵƷƷʦ죬ҪҶŵҩ뵽ղҶչ¶Ľڴ֮ۺмΣջǱͣҶԼ
ȻҶҲûпˣԼסŵʼĥϵĵơ
λ᲻ֳʲôࣿǵ
пܣղǿʯĵ࣬飬ӦҲɣ
ô࣬û׼ŵǷϵأ
Ⱥ֮˽˿ŵȴΪҶôҶų֮ʱ˵ͲԼͬıˡ
ΪԼĵƣҶõɢ£һĥơ
ƵΪǿ۷ʱڲµѪĥ𣬿֪֮£»ûʲôƺֵܹ
ܿ죬Ѿĥһȱڣ͸ղŸƱĥһʱƲʳȣǰŵûչ¶κε࣬Ĳûз
һĻǧ˪С⡱һ£ϡõҲӦζȴʲôûУѵ˵Ҷοˣ
Ȼ̾߿ʼҡͷˣӣŵǿŷϵѹôƷʦûг֡
ǰǰʱûŵʯʧСʧ̫ĥˡ
СӵҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
˵ҶȫǳţĥŵƣƬ̹ȥѾʧһ룬Ȼûκζ֡
ѾԿ϶ǿŷϵˣ
̫ʧˣô꣬Ȼεһ
ȻΪֹ󲿷ֵ˶ѾŵʧȥģֻҶûзļԼĶ


1315 
ֻʣ֮һŵҩɺ޶Ѿʼ׷ҡͷ׷ϣ
Ʒ쵤ʱҲеζˣǷϵ
ŷֻĵȻǷϵΪԼǸˣ˾ʯһŷϵ춼û
ãСͷǳ˿Ҳôˡ
ǰ֪ߵغȻǲҲеͷʱ򡣡
߷׷ҡͷǿҲϵļǧ˪ǳʧ壬ڴЦڳŪ
ǧۼȺ֮У˵ĵ⣬ղҶûн˼ޣͺŷεһͲҶȫǷƷһͷ֮
ҲͬҶղżӦüþյģαػҪһٵİװ˷˾ʯĵ
֮Ÿ̬ȵ˶У˶Ծûȫ¶®ɽĵҩȴǳͬһ̬ȣٷ֮ٵķϵ
ڣҩֻʣ󼸵ĵƻûĥʱҶȻͣеĶŵҩתͷ޼ɵĶԼŪ֮ŷεˣ΢΢һЦŷڸҲҺҶĵ
ոջȺɲǼȫ˶ԼĶǲˣ֮£ҶȻŷΣԼĵ
ѵ˵ŵǷϵһϡõ
ܣŵʮ֮ŵĿѾ¶˳ûҲûз׳ʵ࣬ζûУĵһŷϵӹɣ
кĵ̲סѵСֵܣȻǷϵʧ˾ʯǸղǿŸܹʮļ۸㻹׬ʮʯĵʧǺ飬Ī嶯
ΪҶܵ˴̼ԲŴ˳嶯Ϊ˶һ
ҿǷ˰ɣһŷϵȻ˶ģѵʯ̫࣬ҪһЩȥ
ȺʼҡͷղŻΪҶӵв׵ļƷǰ;ڿǲȣ΢ܵ۾ͳܲסˣպ󲻿ãҲɲ˴
ŷһЦȷҪеŵҶ𣿡
ҶɫƽϵЦʮ򶨣ͷҾŵģκȤҶĵĻҶ㡣
𣡡
ǧ˪ʵ̲סˣҶ·ѹҪʲô
ŵ΢΢üҶ̨ղλǰ˵ĶԣȻǶģȻ۵ʱ򣬵ǻỹеǣһʱ֮
ҶЦЦûк˭һʱֻ֮ǶѾĵϣɴҾͼĸģˣʵҲûʧʲôӮˣȻǸˡ
ӮСҺģ
ãҶͷķһ˵˭ҪҶ𣿡
ŷһЦȻôҲͷ㵽ףϻûʯˣ
԰㲻տװǰɣ㶼Ѿʮʯˣ϶˰ɡ
ЩɣҶµϵȷûʯˣæ֤ˣӮ˿ֱȥŵȥȡ֮ʯ
̾˿ðɣ
Ȼûȥ˿Կ϶ֵʮʯҶµ仰ڵȷ˶ĵʱ
һ£˶ƽˣʮʯҶװͳȥҪĻǼֱǶԲԼˡ
Ҷģ
Ҳģ
һʱ֮䣬ʮ˶ȿֺĽ˳ҪҶԶģҶ˿̫ܵˣɣҵĶעǶʮʯֻͬĶעҪҶĵ˿Ժϼһ£һʯܲζģﵽʮⶥ
һʯʸζģһˣԽЩ˵Խйâðæ˴֮俪ʼ顣
ŷΨһüֱȡʯҶ飡
ⲻǼƷҵ⣬ȻЯʯ
ŷεĴͷҲʼƴˣ󣬶С£һ˽ʯһһʯĽݲҲ̲סһʯֻ뽫ǰ̻ǣǧ۾ȻҲעˣҶעһʯ
ʮʯѻڷ룬ʰ쵣âҫۣ̼Ĳֱ̿ˮ
Ҷɫƽļ˵飬ѵû˲μֻɲ࣬˾Ͳˡ
ʵһЩ߶֣ʵǲ˼ȥ˵ǳû侮ʯ
գ˸һʯ룬յʮʯ


1316 ȻǷϵ
ȷѾ˼ľˣҶſڵʽ⿪һ֮ǰ˵ãôķŷֵܣ˵ɣ
Ҷ⿴ˣղžֱˣ˵ķ
ҶôһʣŷεҲеҲסȻԭһĶķֻҪŵǡ£Ʒ쵤Ʒ׵ĻӮˣ֮ˡ
Ⱥ֮һ˽ŷλе㵣ģԲŻὫҩƷնΪƷŵƷ쵤Ӯˡ
ľҶǸӵĲˣƷ쵤ᵽڻûһ㶯˵Ʒ쵤ˡ
ȻҶȴͷϸÿһζĵѯһ飺ŷĶķǷͬ⡣
ͬ⣡
û
ˣĥˣϽɣ
ζĵѾȲˣ׷׿ڴߴ١
ãǶѾϿɣǾͼ
ֱ˿̣ҶɵǱ߻һ˿޵΢ЦЩζ֮ûɵġ⡱һ£ôԼϵĸо
ѵ˵ŵǷϵ
ȻĻҶôƽأ
ϰڷŵĿʮʯ¶۹Ĵ˵һʲСĲƸˣκںҶλã¶ѾŵĲˡ
ôҶеǿŵҲʲôõ
ڣ˽ŵע֮£Ҷٴֳʵƣĥơ
Ϊֻ˿Լգ۵ĹͱȫĥĿͺĵҩ¶®ɽĿ
һ۴СĻɫҩȫʵ޻ǵİɫߵ㣬ȻûȻûζǴƷĻֻһŷϵ
ϵȻǷϵ
С˷ܵĴг
ζ֮Ҳ¶ЦݣزľѾûκεˣʯԼĿУֱ͸׼һ
ŷθЦҪΪһϸļƷʦ㻹ԶأǸϽؼٹԹԵٳɣ
ǣʲôʱǿŸѾȲҪʯˣ
һЩҡͷǷǳʧôһżֵƵĵҩͷȻǿŷϵ
ЩǿȻûпڣҲǴϧǧ˪ʧ֮лŹģҶ˶ܵʲô̼
Լ󣬴ͷβһ仰û˵˿Ҳ̲סĵ̾˿
ǧ˪⣬ֻ֪Ҷʵݡ
ȵȣ
ʱҶͻȻڣѹסȫеĵŵҩƷ׻ûھ˵ˣ֮ɡ
üŷβмĵСҲܿóһŷϵôҲܸıʵˡ
ǧԼ°͵ĵСһ֪ﲻܣȻ㲻ײĲᣬҲﲻλʦˣ㳹ġ
ҶͷõģǾʦæ
Ȼһϵ𣺡ѣڵҩƷ׼ȻûмҪζģ֪ͬͬⰡ
԰ҲģղʯڹˣҲҽӣҩƷ׻û
̾˴ͣǧ˪飬ǸɫŮӶ̲סɨһȦЩˡ
ʱ򣬰ҶѾ֮£ǾȻζģ侮ʯ̫ˡ
ȻҶڳƬ̺ʯû䣬Ȼλд£Ҳòλ˵ֻٽʯĶעˣҿɲӡ
ʲô
˵Բ۾ʱˣҶȻҽӶע뽫ʮʯȥ
˵ģ׼ڰҳһ飡
Ҳһ飡
ңһ飡
˲Ĺ򣬾˼룬öעﵽʮʯչʮ
Ѿûټˣȷʵòôʯ
ǧ΢΢һЦСһȻͬ˲ζģôڼעӦҲûɣ
Ҷɨһ۵ûУ
ãˬ죬Ҿټһ顣
Ҳһ飡ŷξԲŹԺݺݴҶĻᡣ
ת֮䣬ϵʯͱ˶ʮ飬һЩ׷߶
ˣʮ쵽ˣٲκζעˣҶĵ˵ǰ棬ˣλȥʯӮˣҲ˵ŵҩƷ״ﵽƷЩʯҵˡ
֪ˣ֪ˣɣ
Ƿ׷׿ڴߴ١
Ҷ˵ͷҩݵʦе鷳㣬ŵҩˮ÷ˮм


1317 
Ҷ˵һ仰ʱŷΡǧЩԭ־ΪԼȲʤȯˣ϶ɫ
ȽǶԣЩ׷߰ǽش˵صλ֮һ˸̲סֱӿѯʣСֵܣ˵
ҶشΪʦѾһͷȷֵΪصΪȫԵĲƶɣֵƵĹ̵УܻĳЩȷأµҩ֮һԻȫһԣ½ҩƷأʱ򣬾Ҫ˲ܼƷס
֮Ҳ²ûĻŵƵʱõˮԵĲϣҩΣԿסˮԣһܿԵƤ㵤Ƥǿ飬ֻнˮУˮԷˣõƤԶ䡣
˵ʦ֮жβסļˣû뵽ؼ侹ȻֹŹֵĵҩڡ
ɣǰ渣ʶĿֳص⣬ʲôʺ˰
̲סɧȻ̾ߺݺݵĵֵزѵ㻹Ϊֻ𣿸㣬ǼƷʵʵڵļƷ
ǵģҶѡȻõĻǼƷڵδȫ⿪ʱ͸ܵһȵˮ֮Ϣڴ˵֮С
Ҷĳںˮ۶ˮԵĸܣҪԶԶԣҲֵֻܲˮϢټλ鼮֪вصĴڡ
ЩҶжϣŵҩӦǲصʵ޻֮ȫΪʯƤס˵ҩҩԣ񸣻ֵǲһ
ˣҶŸҴŵӣһķųնöǧۣŷεȴϹ
ȻҶҲûʮİգмȷʵҲһЩĵĳɷ֣Ƕĵڡ
ΧѾˣ˫۷Ź⣬ǿź޹ĵҩ
ʦһĽ˵ǲŵˮȪγɵˮС
ҩ˿Ӧǰ֧ʱ󣬾ŵˮͻȻı˷ԭֻŸ򣬵Ǵ˿ȴȫǿŵ
ģССˮ֮еˮʼʵߵ˸ܹһ˿˿ɫˮ֮ͬһСһ㣬ڵҩܣҲϵĶŵҩȥ
ڣꡱһ촫ҩǲԵƤ֮ϳһ˿ϸѷ죬ţһŨ۳״Ȼѷ֮г˳
ɲǼ䣬֮ж˱ǣƢ
ͻȻǿűˮΧĵҩһȻԼĵҩԣҪԼѳһ㣡
ˣҩԼˣ⣬òǵ˰ɣ
ۼ߼Ĵȫ޷𶯡
꣡
һ촫ǲԵƤ׵˿һҫ۵Ȼ˳
ҶӦ죬ʩչӡǵץ˹ȥͬʱߣиҶЩˣȫֹ֣âڿнһݷޱ޼ʵܼȫķֹĿǰ֪ʲôߡ
Լһ㣬ڿͻŸҪץסֶΣҶĴӡǲߣ
ڳôʵﵽ죬ĳǵı֮£޷ȥҲ޴ɲأ󲻵ò˿УһƤĺʶԼĴһҶͷ֮ϣһ
˼æȥȻһͨɫĵҩתӨ͸ͬһ鴿ɫʯĿ֮
Ȼ𾪵ǣŵҩ֮ϾȻһЩ򵥵·ǿɲǵƣ·
Ҳ˵ŵҩȻγ·ʣֻ˵ĵҩ
һ˵ĵҩ
ͷ˵Ժʱȫʯֻڴ˵֮ЩѾϵĿҪҲδۼ
ʥ
֮һλߣ˵֡
ʥͬʥһӵԼֵ꣬޷
ʥ⾹ȻʥǲΣ
ʥʥе飬ھҲֵˣ
һЩڴ˿̼̲סӯ
ȥ֮⣬ҲһЩͲˣͬۺˮǾǺҶԶĵˡ
ŷΣǧ۵ɫɷޱȣʵǴ󳬳ǵϣԭվƶ֮ϣȲʤȯǣȴ˲䵽˵ײ㡭
ǵĶڵѪ
ʯ͸Ҷ


1318 ˼Ѫ
ЩҶԶĵˣһ񶾵ĴҶǴ˿̸ûںǡ
ÿ˵ĿⶼǿҶͷϿյɫҩһ˵ʥ

ֵܣŵҩ乬ôʮƷʯΣ
ѣǽҪŵҩչ˻ȥзãټӶʮƷʯ㣬вУ
СֵܣǹҵĹһʱĻԶٱ㷹ʵҶŵҩǳȤǮ㿪һ⣡
ʱ˿̣ҶԺ֮˸ָʶڳĸ乬壬幫ң壬۹¶׷֦ΪģΪʥ
Ҷ޷ӦĹԸɴһֻʵţߣͬʱаˮ֮γһȪӽǿɫʥ
Ȼʥ֮飬ôѾٱֵķ룬ϰˣʮ㡣
ӽԼȪеһУΪղžЩˣԼͻԵƤգӵɣԥƬ֮Ȫ֮ϡ
Ȫ䣬ʥҲٴλصҶġ
ʥˣ
仰˵Ϊ֮һʥͨ飬ԶҶΪǾζųҶԸԼתãȻĻǿҲ޷ʥ
ˣҲв˵д󶯣пʼĥָİ취׼Żˡ
ڣһ׷ԲԵʱʼˣһӣͽµһǿƵߣȴҶΧ
СӣŵҰɣҳʮƷʯ
ҳʮʯټƷ쵤
ʮ飡
Щ࣬ϵĽҩļ۸ȫµĸ߶ȣΧ۵һľ
Ҷʥ׼ΪǸ߸ϿʥļֵѾ޷κζĵطҲֻҩЧ
ʥһ˿൱һ쵤ߣ͵ӵһЯı⣬ŵ˵˵ڶ
ңʥҶԸоĵԼƺеη壬ƺе棬ľһոƬСһ㣬ʵ̫̺Ϳϧһ¡
ǣҶΧЩһ˼Ѫһ鼤ߵߣҲ֪ʱԼǲǣǶͷˣܽҩ˭˱ȻҪԼ
Ⱥֵ֮ܣҲŵҩɣ
ҶԥƬ̵λǰѣŵʵ̫أʱû׸δԲҶ࿼ǵʱ䡣
ȻҪؿˣСֵܣʥǣǲżż
ǣҶãСֵܺúÿǣ˭ҪǸұţˮһ
ţϸ˵Ķԣʥ󾿾δãȫСֵԼЩϲĶ
ȻЩϼһǱ˵Ҷ˵ĻȴǻٵĶвζҶҲͷ۲ѡ
ô˵취뿪ķ˵
ҶȻһָŷεˣŷεĶľǲӮˣ
ߣ
ŷκ޺޵ĵһҶĿ۵Լʯת뿪
˱˵Ц֮⣬κ壬ҶܽʥҲܲˡ
ڵҶǸģôϼһǹһĻţ˭ǣ
ǧۣСвζĵˣĽݲ⣬ȫ뿪ˣҶЦŽǶʮʯȫС
һҹҶڵʵдգŷεʯͽӽʮ飬Ҫټϸʥ޷׬˶١
֪ĵſˮҶǳĽʺޣ
ҶҲڳԼδ뿪ȻʱͻȻµĴشһҵ𶯣ͬʱһԶ
ǹĹ
зӦʶô󶯾Դ
ȷڵ˶֪ٴҪĹǰǷһιϧ޹һô𶯣ѵѾȥˣ
ʱв˿ʼӿҲûֿɿˣȥĹתת
ʱһɤţҿȥĹĹ֮ϳһž޴Ѫ˵ǵõ칭


1319 
칭
ѵ˵ǸĹࣿ
಻뿪ôܻأ
ˣȥഫһĹвٺö
Ⱥͬһ㿪ʼŹĹڵɽӿȥҶȻҲ⣬κ˶ҪĹȷʦִģҸۼ칭칭Ȼ˹Ĺ֮ϣѵ˵ǷӡѾƣ
ʱ䣬ʦӦûûȫںĿųķӡƣ͹ūΣ֮С
һ
鼱֮£Ҷǧ˪ˣʩչƶͬһһȺ֮пٵļ˳ȥ
Ҷ뿪ķɲǣһΪӣȵĹˣ֪ɷǰһ𡣡
Ҷһ𣬱ܵĻͷķȥ˵֮Ǹ޲ɷɴŮӣһ˫ˮתעԼ
˵
Ҷ֪Ϊʲôڣ򵥵ĶֱķŹĹķɱȥ
ǸŮ۹תɴ֮µľ֮¶һľݣΪûκ˻˻Ӧ룬ܿݱ㱻һЦȡ
ΪڽֹУԲʲôжߵʵֻŸ·ԻڳһѵһʢƵͬˮһ㣬ͬķӿȥ
ΪģһƼʻ֮أƽҲв˾ۼڴ˴ŹĹе͵ĳøӿ˴˴֪˵Ĺ֮ϳ칭е˼Ҷ
˳ţǴͨһ⣬ɽȣ֮ϣһƵһ㡣
ҶĴİΣʲôҲ˲ϣʩչ˼ޣһƳ̣󣬲ٹעУ϶¶˾֮ɫ
Щ˼ȰǿߣҲǰҶѡЩ׷ԲԵߡ
ԶɽȻ⣬֮⣬ܿһѪɫľ󹭣ʮףɽ֮ϡ
Ȼ޼Ȼ˿Ըоһּϵѹ˳ŴͷŶ֮䡣
Ȼ칭
δ𣿡
ѾϳŹȷݺʱʹõ칭֮ɻ
ܰɣ֮ǰ뿪˻죬ȻҲûгֹˣ˵ôʱȥ㲻Ҳ϶Ӧ磬ôֻصˣ
˭֪أôˣǴʥսĹʾӳĪĳһʦܣ칭֣òᵽʱһʦܰɣ
ǰɽȵȺ֮Уһ˵ĽţǾǳˣӵһĽŮһ˵ۣһ߼ӿٶȡ
˭֪ڻʱ򣬶ڳ弫Ϊչˣϧְж
˵õϢ֪ԭڷ˽ӾǳһλʥŮ
ϵΪŦȻҲǽΪĹ˾ȻпǴ࣬еļԶˡ
ҶҲŴ󹭹Ȼ칭ֻѪ֮Ѿ⿪ԴԼİƴСž󹭡
˶ǳɽȣҶȴͻȻתȻвע⵽־ٶڴҵע칭ϣҲûȥ
ҶȻ˹Ĺһڴֱӽ˹Ĺ
˰ҶūӭЦݵĵǲǿ칭Ϊʲô£
ǰ
Ҷ˵ͷѾҪʲôµĻū˵
ûʲôЩյĹӡ˷ˣǽ칭ķӡ࣬ڴ˵Ϸһˣûκ鷢
ԭʦǲǿҪָˣ
Ҳ󲿷ʱ䶼ڱչأʱʱĻһ£Ӧòʲôˡ
ūǰ칭Ѿ˺ܶ˹עʱ϶и˳֣Ҷˣһһⶼע㣬ǧκ˴ŵʦֵĸԭ
˵ǣſģ˶ʱ޷ԭū֮Ҳһ칭
ūĻҶеԾΪ֪ūʵ϶ͣȫ֮£һ칭칭ǿ˺ֵز
ô˵ֻҪʦƽ£ҶȻҲͷֺ͹ūƬ̣˳˼Ȧɽȡ
յɽȣǧ˪ʹ˹ȥˣһȥͣתһȥȥ


1320 
죡
һ֣Ҷʵ̲ס棬ɵǧ˪ߣһװźһעſе칭һѯʵǸʲôط
ǧ˪¶һ˿ϲȥĵط㾹Ȼ֪
ϲȥĵط
Ҷ΢΢һü˰Ҳ벻ԼΪϲȥʲôط
֮ذ
ҶŴͣȻ֪ν֮أڷ˽ʱţԼĴδȥû뵽ڻھȻҲз³Ĵڡ
ʲôҾͲûȥǻһָķ֮أŮӸɣʵףȶ£У֪˶ῡܣ
ǧ˪г˵ЦҶҲ⣬Ӱб
˭
ǴͷĵһҲǻڵĵһŮҸԱ֮˲ףΪ˼һ棬ϧԴһǧεΪֹòˣ¶ᳬʮ
ϯҶвԾľ͸ֳԼ۵ע֮ա
ҶĵȷҲѷ֣
ҶŮ٣ܹΪ˵ģĪ֮⣬ǾβѩѩˣȵĻҲǲ硣
ٴδҶĿ硱֣ǧ˪ûɵһӴôֶ裬ӣĺ֪ǲٰûĳ࣬αȽϣ
ҶЦЦҵӣҵãûмĳ࣬ȻųƻһŮô϶й֮ò
Ҷ֪òĻֻΪԼν鷳
ߣ˶ʲôö˵òûм˵ԼӺ˼Ǩ
ҶЦҡҡͷûȥΪԼʲôԼֻǲһʵѣλûκηǷ֮롣
ûʲôЩȻûͻƹĹķӡûʲôÿģ߰ɣ
һ֮ǧ˪;ˣʵҲȷˣѾ½˿ʼ뿪Ҷиô£ȻҲڴ˵ؾ
˲뿪صǧ˪ס֮ǧ˪ȻͲҶҪǿʥ
ܿϧʥȻҶ˳һǧ˪Ҫֽץסʱͻᡰಡһƨɴ̵ѸߣͲǧ˪ͬһɰĳһ㣬ǧ˪ְ
ˣЩʥʥСۣߣǧ˪ˣĵ׼ô
Բ߰ɣ
ʥҶ֮Уתţɢɫ֮⣬ƺںҶһ㡣
ҹƸϣǵƻͨ磬ҹ֮ϾȻһ繳һ̡
µǻеĵһ֮ء죬Ҷǧ˪Ѿһʺ糵С
죬ʵһС磬ƣɣϼ죬ֱͬ˼ɾһ㣬ŵظҪʤ֡
תУ񰲶ա
֮ǰҶѾ֪ˣԼǧ˪֮⣬軹ܶˣǸǿߣΪŮԺֻǧ˪ˡ
Ҷ˸еǣ֮ؾȻһƬ̲ı̺֮ϣÿһ˶һۣۺϣں룬һ͸ɴᣣܹһӰȻˡ
ҶܣһһϤӰкȻҲϹˣȻ˵ҲҶڵ֮ϣΪҶڵ죬ˡ
һͬĸ֮еǸӰ裬¹һ㣬ȫУŮҲ⡣
ҸǻӰң
Ҷа𾪣ʵߣĸ֮жһֹƻĵ̺Уеֻ֮չֵҪ
ô˵һŮĳƺҲǵ֮
ڣһ֮еӰ˳ϣȻԾɴһϮɴǷ˿裬ѩеΪˡ
һͬлλնλˣ̸̸ֻ¡
ãģô̸Ǿô̸
̾Ӧͣɴ˿ɼļ
費ʤˮƣȾһλӢһ
ȻгһƱ棬Ʊģڿзɹ˵Ŀⶼ׷žƱֱԷɵҶǰ


1321 ӻ
ƱȻɵԼǰҶüͷ΢΢һ壬һôῡܵ棬边Ȼһƾ;Լ˾ٿ̧ԼʵȴѾΪԼ鷳
еԼϵЩ֮УҶٸܵʮмʺͳ޵ζͬʱֱ˵Ĵڣ˭ʲôʸܺһ𣬶ﻹƣ
֪ǻڿǳ˴ˣڽĶķ֮УĵһŸһʥ
˹ʺ˶ѣʲô˵ģ
Щ޹˼ɵĴҶĶУһЦվֽӹǰľƱЦŵ˿£ҾȸΪл
оһҶɫĽƱ˻ȥ
ҲŹҶת˾ٱƣƬ֮ԭеŵҲڻ
ܲܽɴժ£һ÷հ
˴󵨵Ҫ󣬶ĬΪҲе뷨˭˵еһŮʵò
ݸһЦأֻԣܹյˣͱҪȢΪޣֻһ־λǷԸȢΪأ
˵ⷬʱĿҶ˹ȥ
Ҷһѵ֪Լʵò֪ԼҲȢΪ޵ģ
ҶԸ⣬ԸȴǴڣܵĲ̴֮
Ը⣬裬޸Ұɣ
޸Ұɣ裬ȢΪޣ򸴺󰡣
ЩڿȵˣЦŵλ˺񰮣ϧֻһˣ޷ͬʱ޸λֻա
赭д֮䣬ͽһٴת˻⣺賣ڣ֪飬ԽλˣҲλ˵˵һ¼į
Ҷа裬ɲ⣬ֻΪһЩ飬ʱ䣬ʵֻҪڣܹ֪̽ܶţԱյϢԴҪĶࡣ
ҶҲ֪ڶʲô£Լæ
ҪȻܹܾǴ˶ʼĿʼԼ֪һЩ¡
Ĺ˵ѾԿ϶֮ĹҸ֮жмԸϵ׼ٴĹ
ʱҲ֪ôˣȻٷգһ̬ɳ˸ǣֻǲ֪ǾΪ¡
аǰʱӱߵļҲϢ˵ڳŻǶֻ;֮ϣȻ۹ˣһֻɫĴΪ뺷Ѿɱʮˡ
ϢҶ̲ˣ
˺ǵϢ
ǹ壬۹ԭ򣬱˲ԼΪ˸Լ
Ѿ֪Լڻֳ飬ǲŻһǸԼҲҪԼֵһЩע
ֹҶڳ˶ҲǳȤҲˣ̶ŽǮʣܷ֪⼸徿ǺΪҪ׷أ
ɱ⣬ǮǼȻʳģȻҲò΢΢һЦ⼸ʵûʲôֻ֮Ǹյ쾹Ȼͻɱ˰ղλֵ˵Ը뺷ʵָߣĻֽĲҾ磬ǼҪץס
ⷬ˵ȻûʣȻҶȴЦѣΪΪħޣΪΨһԽޣŽ岻ܻ˺ģ
ʱһ𣺡ϢѾˣҸոյõµϢǼֻ壬ƺѾһǿӻҪԸǣ²׵ˡ
Ҷ֪ˣʥգ
ȻҲյﲢϡ棬˵Ļȴٴ˵ȤǽǮ΢΢һЦ֣Ȼ˵ˣβ˵׵㣿ĸǿұӻǣ
նһ֮УԼ˱ƣƵĵҲ˵治˵ĴӦܹµĳ죬ܹǱ򼸴嶼öԸ壬ࡣ
ǮͻȻ䡱һվΪ̫Ĳ۶һҵĻζü֮ǸǮ·һŽ⣺ѵһ壿
պٺһЦҿʲôû˵
Ǯ蹰˹ֵҽе£ȸˣݷã


1322 һ
ڽǮ뿪û̫⣬ǸȤտ˵Ǹǿ塣
˵ڵĴȻ٣Ƕ˲֪˲ܹýȼ嶼еɻ壬ƺû֪
żĪҶˣΪϵźǵİΣϧƾѯʣȴһĪӣƺҪҵθڡ
迪ˣһˮƾգʳ⡣
ϣҾ˵ɣҿɵ˵ãĶǴԣǼ٣Ҳұ֤
֪ˣ˵ɣҲǵȤ
٣ôһЩʵԵĶƵģ뼱ǰ
˵Ĵߴ֮£ڲĵ壬ʵλҲӦ˵ĵطǴԨ
Ԩ
һ춼һƬž֮Уƺִһħһ㡣
ҶȴһͷˮȻڻҲ˿ˣ֪ĶٵĿԨ־ʲô˼
Ԩʲôط
Ԩ֮Ԩ˵ʥһĵطף˿ɼΪеһء
ҶڻϤ֡ء
֪֮ͬѾûʥĴڣΪ˵˲Żڷ˽׷֮ӣҪǵںϳΪʥ⴦ԨӦҲԹʵиʥ
Ԩ֮صȷĳ壬ӦʵͣʥҲмԱԶﴫ
ȻôһԨڣѵʹûУ߳𣿡
ȻУѾǺܶǰˣ˵Ԩе˳˯֮УǿķӡЯӲ޹˵ĻǾԻ졣
ҶԨ֮еʲô壬˵ֻҪԷıǣǾԼѣ֮ǾԼĵˣ
ԨĻȻʧȥ˼̸۵£ΪϢ̫شǷ׷ǣϽȥ֪ͨԵɡ
ԴˣȻҲֻ뿪֮ǰŵһϢ˵˳Ǿ֮󣬽ŵйҶѡеǿŸʱӭǰȥ
Ҷǧ˪Ҳ뿪ҶҪϹģϹħɫҴң뿪ƺʲôһֻա
뿪죬ҶʱﶼоǿʥϧҲһֻܽСպá
죬ɳǰӭҶǧ˪С
ŵкȻظĺ棬һ֮УҲһ磬ܿдӡƣΪľǱ֤ĸֱİȫ
Ҷǧ˪ſڵʱŷκͶСҲ֪ʲôʱܵһ𣬶˵ߣһλˣòá
ȻǷۺ죬䵱ŷοҶǧ˪һһ㺮˪
ʲôǧ˪û˿øУĻصɵ
ŷθǧ˪ֻǶҶСӣҲٶһΣ
кβңҶ΢΢һЦѵŷô󷽣ʯô᲻Ҫأ
Сӣ˻ʰģʱ֪ôģһԵĶСݺݵĵ
ѵڻڣǻҶ䲻ɣǧ˪Ҳ
ʱߵǸ˵ĿڵСȰ۾ҪһЩС˸ƭˣУŷҼȻڼƷˣôȻҪڼƷӮɱ£ǿоǻм
˵̧ɨҶһۺһЦˣ˵ĵʥ͸ǶƷټһѣ̫⣬ʱһ֪ʲôŽļƷЩ΢ĩգѵǴ֮ã벻˴֮ۡ
仰֮˾ҲˣתȥŷĵСӣ͵źڰɣ
˵ıӰҶǸֳһ˿Цǧ˪ĵʲôģ
Ȼˣλɲ֪ŷʤŷε壬ҲŷҽļƷš
Це˹ȻԸ˽͵
𣿡Ҷ˵ͷŷʤңҪŷˣ


1323 ߵĿ
շҶǧ˪ϵǡʱӭ˳ҶҲͳûûµС
գϼ޻ı㣬ҶԴӳûгԹȴǽϵҵһﻹ
ڣ޴ޱȣҲӵ˿Ѿɽ˺֪˶ˣϯ
УҶ˲ϤףǣȻǸ͸Լһ˵ҩȫߣһ۵λ֮ϣ˫Ŀ΢գƺΧһеﶼĮһ
λߣҶʮֺ棬Сǧ˪ѯʣ߶߿˰κȴҡҡͷҲ֪˭֪𣿡
ͬҡͷûӦòǺܳôֵܶȤҿ԰һ¡
ˣֻڶķڼһΣû£
ҶߣԭǺ⣬ȻҲΪ˸
ǿܹĳӵŸļֵҪĶˣ
һΪ·һСĽܵθԻᱻ̧һĸ߼ۣΪʵ̫ˣԺգе峤ȴ
峤
Ǽ൱һĴˣԵĸ߲ʣû뵽˾Ȼ֪ŸǵҪˡ
ǿǣǶרŵĹңҲȥҡ
Щ˵ݣȻͷ¶棬ҲҪĵأ˷֡
ȻҶ˼Ϥף̫ͷħȻҲˣ˵ħϹ档
̬뺷Ϳ˴ĽݲӴŴ乬ǿߣǰһĽߺͽǮһЦ
幥ˣ룬ĺսûеĸ֡
ȥЩϤ߲֮⣬ҶĸӰĸͷĺУɫɮۣͷ֮з֡
˹Ȼˡ
ǧ˪̲ס֮̾һŸͽôĴ˳㽫ǿʥóĻҹۣԣĴﶼҪˡ
΢΢һЦʵΪӣӦúЩųƴɣܹ֮ӵڵĵλȫǿлڵһЩ֧ŵģҲ˷֮ʱܹǶ꣬κδǶԸ⸶
ǧ˪˵ͷûм˵ΪʱҲԼ¥еļ˽
ȥҵʦȥˣ
ҶǸһЦǧ˪ת뿪ˣһɫӰһĨͻȻ˶Ҷߣͬʱһλӣܷһ𣿡
边ȻҲˣҶߣҶе⣬ȻҲջ˳޲ɱĿ⡣
΢΢һЦǰǹˣλɣ
仰֮Ҳת뿪Ҷ˶
ҶȻ˼ߣֻεĵ˵ͷæ߽˹ңɴµȻһЦ˽ȥ
װ޼ݻҶҲûͣת棬Ҳû˵Ͱһԡ
ƬʱȥѾĲˣ˲żüãһá
ǰһ̨Ҷ鲻Խ˵ȸ½ϵڵУĪƵġ

Ҷĵ̾˿飬뵽˲֪ںηĪ硣
Ϊ̾
ûʲô뵽ҵӣҶֱӿżɽԼʲôᡣ
ȻһĨɫ˲ͻָ糣Ȼ˼Ϊβȥأ
ѣ
ֵҶеĿɬγ룬Ŀǰ޼ƿʩ
۲תЦһĽӵӣܲߣȴܹӷͷˣӣ֪մܷ֪
Ҳһͨ˰ˣֲ˵Ҳգ
Ȼûʣת˻зǣûʼ㹫죬һʱΡ
ðҶЦŵͷ
Ȼָĸеӿ֪Ϊη߻ڴ˵س֣
Ƿ֮дʦӣҲǿŸ
˶ΪȻҲ⡣
ȻȴһЦȷΪȴдʦӣΪ˾һλӷ˽ոߣ
ߣҶ΢΢һ̶ɫͻȻ䣬Ȼ֪λߵ֣
ǽС㡭


1324 һҳֽ

Ҷ˲ʯʯͷһ㣬һϵıȴǾϲӡ
ҶķӦһ˿ɻ󣬶ҶҲܿлعæ׷ʵϢǴģȷ𣿡
˵ͷȻ˵ȫյ״̬ʵȻҲҪһЩƷʱʱĻһЩϢ¶ϢӦģҴģܸ㡣
ĴȻܹ³ǰҶλӷ˽ķ߿϶ĳֹϵ֪ԼҲʳԹⲻʡ
ҶͰ֮Ĺϵֱֵܣ˵ȻҲѾ˻죬еļ޷ݡ
Ҳ侲裬κʵʵҲǴӷ˽ģ֮ǰû˵ҵ֣ҺλǺѣֻұ絽켸ʱ䣬û뵽ĿϢ̫еʧ̬ˡ
Ҷôһ˵еȻҲ֮ҲҶĵطöԷдɣ̹ףΪԼٵ鷳
ղ˵ЩᣬΪ˵õΰǷ֪ôˣ
ǰѣ˵ˣҶԸ⽫ʥߣֻҪܾȻ
ҾͲˣϴ֮ʱʲô˰ɡ
ҶƬ̺뿪һ£ȥ
ӣòȡȻ󽫸ֱڷ߰ɣ
ǣ
³ҶҲͷϡ
ӣ趷Ȱһ䣬ɲأ
Ϊʲô
ʵͲ֮ǿԶǿ϶Ὣеϣڸ֮ϣңֻиܾλôЩ߱ȻȫģڣҪȲĻ۹ҲȲ
˵ȻһЦңҲԳûλ֮еĵλΣ
ĻҶһ㶣Ӧ˹а̾ŮӵĻǸһԼû뵽㡣
ںĻضȫԸϧһдۣ֮˵ȻܵӣǵλҲһ㡣
ԥƬ̺ҶĽ飬㸣ıߣԼʥ֮϶ܹȰ
ʱһʹҪʽʼԭ˽ȺҲʱ
ǰĸ̨֮ϣһλɫȻʼᡣ
μӹ˶֪ԽĶԽԿʼֵĶЩС⣬ȻҲϡǸ벻ôۡ
Сȥ֮һλŮһ˸̨֮аڷһŷƵֽ
߿ڽܵĳҽĲƪΪֻһҳֽԲ֪ǺҲ֪ǰݣ׼ǧƷʯ
ϵĶǼΪϡȱģǹҽ飬һֶǼֵǣֻһҳûǰģҲûкƪ˵ʵڻûʲôãͨˣҲͨһҳֽصĶƶϳǰݡ
ΪĹϣԼֵҲǲơ
ȻڳȤ󣬸û˽мۣȻҶڿһҳֽʱȴͷΪҳֽʶĸоԿ϶ԼҳֽĲ֣
ڷ˽ʱ򣬰֮͵һϵĲ飬ʵǡĲƪ
˵ǱʣµĲһΪ統УҶһֱУֻϧʼûлǰ
Ȼ죬һҳֽǱϵֽһģһ
Ȼƾֽж̫ʣȻֽϱŵķ˷ӡ˿ֽ̽ϵݣҶ뵽˵ģĳҽĲƪоͼԶ϶ˡ
һҳֽϼصĺܿйѨλĶ
Ѩλ֮˵϶Ǳҽϵģ֮£Ǿ컹Ƿ˽磬ƺֻСнеķ롣
֮ҶѾˣԼһҪõһҳֽ
ǧʯҶƽĵһڡ
е㾪ȵĿҶǵЦЦҶҽеȤΪ˼ҩƷס
仰ûʥһ֮˭֪ȾͨƷҲҩ֮ҩ֮ʵҽ
ԭҶΪ϶û˻ԼϾԼ֮⣬˶֪ҳֽıȻո֮һϤȴǴȺдǧ顣
ŷΣ
ŷתͷƵĿһ۹ҵķȻ֪ŵҶǹġ


1325 л
Ҷüͷ΢壬Ȼ֪ŷǹģҲûа취κ˼Ӽۡ
ǧƷʯ
ǧ飡ŷδ粽ãۡ
һ飡
Ҷֱӽ۸һ飬һҳֽڱصá
һһǧ飡û뵽ŷξȻڸ
Ҷ׼۵ʱһԵȻ΢΢һЦᰴסҶơ
Ҷ΢΢һŵѾһһǧһΣڶΡ
ʱ촽Ҷ˼۸񣺡һһǧٿ飡ӣôһֵֻֽô۸ˣ
ҶᣬŷΰǺԼԣԼټȲ۵ĻôԷȻ⻺һֻǼٿʯһ˵ĸоͱԼѾʼԥҳֽɲˡ
֮£ŷξҪǿˣΪټӼ۵ĻܿҳֽıˣɲΪֽʲôá
ˣŷҲû˵Ҷһһǧٿļ۸һҳֽ

Ҷĳ˿Ȼ໨һʯҳֽԼ˵޼۵ģֵá
ӣŷƺܲŶЦʵ
ôʯҪǶǲǹأ
УֵǿŸϳˡ
ʱ˿̣Ѿԭȵƿ֮бתƵһ͸ˮƿУʰ쵵Ĺâ֯Ͽգƻá
ֵشҶѾˣʦŸʹõõĻʥҩٿʮ꣡׼ۣʮʯ
ʮ꣡
ȻֻǱȳӵЧö꣬ǵҩĹЧɲһһڶ˼򵥵ģһܷõ޵ģԶˣͲһЧʮԴڳÿһˣ
ο˵٣Ļֿܻ
Ⱥʱˡ
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡
ʮ򣡡

˿ʼϵĽмۣ乬Ǽ׳һֱ֮۵˶ʮ
ʮ򣡡
˵ĺȻУ˶һ磬ȫ˫ĿԺȦǿׯϣŭ
ǳϵ£˭Ҳû뵽˾Ȼ˴ֱʣֱӽ۸ʮ
˶ûٸҼӼˡ
ҶȻҲе⣬ȴ΢΢£ʮļ۸Ӧôﵽļˣ̧ˡ
Ȼھ˶ݵĳ֮һϵȴͻȻ𣺡ʮһ򣡡
ҶȻվΪα۵ľλߣҲǶһǣ˿ע⣬ȴ˵ļ۸
ʮ򣡡
еһƽĿڡ
ʮ򣡡
α۵Ĳλߣǽˣ΢΢һ̶׹ҪŸ¾ΪϴαҶ˵ս
һֱȵڲųۣҲ̵ܹˡ
ϧнٴۣʮ򣡡
ÿ˴˿̶̲ס˿ǲƴ֣ԭֵֻʮĸȻѾǺ˽һļ۸񣬿ӣǶŸ־ڱصã
˶Ϊ϶˺ͷŸʱĳȴִһʮ򣡡
ʮ죬۸Ѿһ
Ȼû֪˵۵ĵһλܹҵģǵ峤֮Ĵ
е۾һҲ˿˫ĿͬʱɨǼңƺܹ俴һ㡣
Ƭֱ֮۾һʮ򣡡
£۸ˡ
ȫǼңƺֻͷŸʮʯĳ߼۸񣬱˹á
˵Ҷˣڳ˶е޷ţΪ۸ʵ̫ˣ˵ǲֵ
ô˵Ѿˣ˴ź׷վ뿪ҶڹУĿⲻϵ˵
λУ̫ǺǸصߡ
ע⵽Ŀ⣬ЦЦӣҷѯλѵ£ûǴͷΪʲô˵ģ㻹ңܰһЩϢŶ
Ҷת裬˫ֱȭϣܰҴһλѵϢʱұл
ŶлסԼͣͬˮ˫۵һ˿ɣʲôл
ֻҪ飬ﾡɿڡ
ǣҪȢΪأ
Ҷ͵̧ͷ跢һͬЦѾת˳ȥæҰˣһϢҾͻ֪ͨ㣬סлŶ


1326 Ų
ҶЦҡҡͷҪлĻԼǾ޷Ҫ
뿪ҶҲ߳˹ңԥһ£ȥλص̸̸ΪܾλʮֵĿҪԼܷʲôæټ϶Է͸Լǿейصҩ֪ʶԼǳθñһ¡
Ҷ̫ǵǣǿǵԼݣֲʶһǿɾ鷳ˣֻʱסǼĳ嶯ȵл˵
嵽ڴʱǡúϹҶһ˵֣磡
ϹǸûһ鲻䣬Ҳû˿̫ͣܿȺ֮УҶҲûлͷ׼λߣ׼Ҹһġ
Ȼû뵽ӭŷμҲ˹ۺ졣
ŷκ˼ɵĳҶЦСӣҷȰһʱòҪȥκζķˣһ³Իѿ
Ҷ΢΢һЦλ岻˵ҪҼʶһʲôļƷֻôܻأ
ŷʤĿԶĵҺͬһʱĻǾͲʲôˣ
仰ǿ˼£ʦֱ˳ΪƷʦƷ˫ھŽλŷʤȻ
ҶӣƽϣȻСԼʦ֣ԼɲܷŹˡ
Ǻ£äĿſɾͲˣ⼸һᵽķ֮תתȤĻͺҶĶĿ
ƾ㣬Ĳ䣡ŷʤ仰֮󣬾ʹŷε˴뿪
ҶŷʤսŷʤҶ˾Ϣ̾ͱ˴˳ȥڻ˽֪
ҶһҪݺݵӮһ٣ôţžͲǧ˪Լļλʦ壬˹
ôûиʦһ뿪
ǻ£øţǸȽ˼ˣӮʯأҿ
ˬʵЦ˳ֱӽһռݸҶʮƷʯһҳֽȫˣǱ˵ӶģΪ˽ֵѣξˣ´Ҫʲôöϣ뵽š
ܹҶλƷʦѣǿɱһʯҪĶ࣬ŵȻ֪Ȩء
ҾͶлˣҶҲֽӹ
ǧ˪ôһ飬ҶҲѾʧȥλߵϢֻգǧ˪ؼҡ
ļʱڵĸķΪǽĶķͥУܶ˶ϣҲҶ˵һʥǶһŸҲˡ
ҶҪŷҵżƷŷʤԶĵϢǳΪ˻ŵĻ⣬һʱ֮䣬ǶڹĹڴ
С˶ϵĻʤ߽˭дпΧľ֣Ƕ˶սĽ
˻ǿŷʤϾŷʤԶȻֻǰƷƷʦΪᣬպǰ;ŷʤҲֶйϧĵҩ
ҶȻҲչ¶˼Ʒܸ˵ĸоǶǣе͸˼ͲʲôƷʦȫƾܶʥ͸
ҶԼʱȴǶڼУ¶棬ԼĿǰĴԼڻڵķƼʻᣬ·Ϊ˹ĹΪԼеǿʥ
п϶вҪϧһдԸԼӶʥԼĵȷҪ͵͵ٵ͵
иԭ򣬾ŰҲһֱڵȴϢ
ȽҶıŲŷʤǸߵ̶̼࣬ʱת˼ķջķᣬֱУǶһƷ쵤ӵиصļƷʦظϹ⡣
ִ˳֮£к߾ΪҶ֮ԱŲǺŷʤȻսƣǸӦս
Ǹصļһ϶Ǻˣͷڹˣ
˵ǣߣΪǼƷʦأǧ˪ﶼжӣԭǸƭӣºˣλŮĿˣҲʱˣ
ǰŷʤ˼ҲļƷʦǷȣǣҷ緶
ЩţҶ֪ĺֻ΢΢һЦ֮ǧ˪ĹǺ
ôûӦ϶ŷκǸСǹڰɿ𣬱㣬̧ŷʤҪٲȥĻɾȫˣ
ȥˣʱ̧ø߲ʲô£Ϊ̧ԽߣʱˤʱͻҵԽң


1327 
ֱ죬ҶҶҲ𣬾ܾǧ˪ͬŮ£ҡڵ뿪˷䡣
Ҷһڴ֮ϣ̾Χۣܿۼһˣָָ㡣
һڳˣף԰ǸŮŮ
ŮҼһΣòɣ
ҿûˣƽһ涼죬边Ȼ
˵ηŷʤԹвҳڳˣǲҪŷʤԶˣ
˵ۣҶڶУҲ¶һ˿ЦݣǹΪ֮Ҫ֪Լʵηŷʤ
ܿ죬ҶҧгݵķŭĿУ죬Ҳ֤ʵǵĲ²⣬ȻǱȥģȻҲǶĽʺޡ
費ں룬Ҷ뵽Ĺ뷿˱ǣȴľһܿȷͨķ糾Ůӡ
Ů̾˳ȥڣҶתдЦĵӣһֱиʣ̹ӡ
˵
˶ҵò棬ΪιȴȤȱȱǶһȤûУǹѾĳࡣ
ʵҶð亹Ǽǵ˵˭ʵòҪȢΪޣһ־
ȻЦ֮Ҷȴҵգɿһǽ㵱ѵģཻڽģαԷòأ
𣿡ǳЦһЦöȻڽģΪιҸ裬ңµûĻҲǹӵʵòɣ

ҶλŮǳ޾£˼ϸ壬ıԹˣͶԼ˻ɣֻʼûʣֱŹû̽Լ
ʵ˵ĶԣҲвѵĿԣ޷ʵĿ֪¡
һЦ
Ҷ軹ȥæתƻӦ˹λѵϢɣ֪м
ȷǴһ㣬λаѣڷ֮еĵλƺͣҾ֪һģ񻹴ķǷߣҲΪˣŻ֮ˡ
ʲôҶȻվ𣺡ˣ֪ǼǶ˭𣿡
һ̣Ҷ˽ʵģΪŵʥӣԼصʵٶҲǾˣ˿Լ֮£Լ͸е֣ʵôܻᱻˣ֪ԭԭ
ܹ˲ϧˣһǷߣɾѰζˣҶãˣԼĪĹϵ
Ҷ뿪˽Ѿʱˣߵʱ֪Լߵļʵﵽ鳾ԺǺͰǼ
Ѿһ˻죬Ҳˣôڰˣѩ򸾣ͺп˳
ҲпǹһЩˣǺͰʶҲڻΪ˱Ƕϧ
ѩ壬ĻӦڱ֣ӦڷųЩ֮ʵֻʣһˣ˳
ҡҡͷλҲͬʱżӭٵģܴһ˾ѾǼˣ˭Ҳֻ֪࣬塣
࣡
ҶȻһƨȥ¶һĵЦݣ˱Ȼ˳ˣ
û뵽˳Ҳ˻죡Լڷ˽ֵǣڿټˣ뵽㣬Ҷʹĵеˡ
ֻǣΪʲô˳Ͱһ٣Ҷ벻ͨ
ȱ˵̫ˣͻȻΪҶһˮĿǰǸѵǲ
ҶɻĵѾ˵βƵĻҾȥ򣬽ʥ͹ȥ
ҡҡͷȻأֻҪɹ٣Ͳܻô˵Ĳ˵Ĵ˵ȻλΪҪȴض֮⣬κ˶
ҶüͷӦòɣ̫أΪ˱ԲнӴɣ
̬Ϣ˵Ǹ඼ûκεɣ


1328 ղײ

ϢҶе޷ܣΪڷ˽ʥӣܵз߾𾴵ģݵ˻ķ㲻ܵӣҲûɱ
ӣͲҪˣˮŰиϸϢ֪ͨ㡣
̫ллˣ
ô˵Ҷ֪ԼǷһ顣
ûʲôҿǵŹӵлأ

ҶľݸһЦˣ˵Щˣӣ涼ڴҪλƷҵŷʤԶģ֪Ǽ٣ĻʱһҪ֪ͨңҲȥΪź
ҶзɿתͷȻȻ£ղײգαصʱ֪ͨҾ׼ȥλŷʤĶĿ
죿
ڣ
Ҷ˸żᶨĹâŷʤԶģֻΪ˽ѵһƷţҪӮøʯ
Ǻǣǰǣ̫ãԼٵĵҲԽԽ࣬ԽԽǿԣΪڻлȥԼҪó׼ԼΪ
ĿųѾʦִ࣬ôΨһİ취ǻ۸ʯ
õһҳֽҲˣȷǡеһƪ֣һЩѨλйصĶȻڷ˽翴ĲƪȻ޷ҲܵʱȿܹΪˣ
Ҷ˲֮˵Χۣǵ֪˾ȻҪǰķʱϢ˲䴫ǣ
ǸҪŷʤԶˣѾһǰ۹Ķķˣ
ҿȥĻһ˵еڶŸڶʥ֣
ǿ²ֹǶĵɣӦҲ
ܶʲôⶼһʢᣬԲݴ
˶ӿ۹ĶķһȺ˾ԶԶĸҶ
кߴŵʵѣҪŷʤԶ𣿡
ҶͷЦŵֻȥķȻӭκ˺ҶԶġ
شǳҪŷʤԶĵʵڣŷʤ⣬Ҳû˸ҺҶԶˡ
۹Ķķǻ͹ģһ䣬ķ濴ȥֱһһ㣬Ρ׳
Ȼ۹Ϊ֮ҲǴһˣۣס
۹˵֪ҶȻԼҵĶķʱÿ˶ٴУģԼķڵЩ˶쵤֮У־˵ƷʱǿɾͳȫҶŷʤľԼˡ
ʵҶڵ˵Ʒ˵ǼƷʦڶķ˵ὫΪܻӭĶ
ֻǿ⣬вÿ˽ŵĵοҶŵͬˮһȺ۹ٲԸҲֻưͳԻˡ
Ҷ߽˶ķ̾ӭѣ㵽ǶǶĵ
뿴ȿɣ
Ҷϴ򶨵΢Ц۹ķϽһ̧ȥ
ȵңȵңôٵأ
ǧ˪ȺмҶߣ۾ݺݵĵһ£ͬʱ˵Լɫߣ裬ƻ궼û˰ɣҲ˵һ
ⲻҲ𣿡
ŮһһҴӵҶķȥ˴أ첻ƽ˺εºܣΪʲôܹܵŮĴ࣡
ֱȥھŸ𣿡ǧ˪Сʵ
һǰļ֮Ӧûкˡ
Ҷһ䣬ӵ俪ʼŻſͣɨһȦȻߣֱ˵ڰ˸֮󣬲ͣ˽Ų
Ҷ״̬۹жܵһĪѹΪ˿̵Ҷ뵽һˣļƷʦ
ҲǣжķĵѪ޿
Ҷվſڣפ֮󣬺Ȼ߽ڰ˸䣬ʱһ£ͳڴҲӿ˽ȥ
к𣿡ǧ˪ҲСʵ
ٿҶʮֳȣһׯ԰ķ֮ĴЩĿĸδ
ʱȺ֮кȻһ˰ÿÿ
ȺԶֿŷʤĴ˽ߣŷκͶСһһҽ档
ŷοҶĵͣͷڹ꣬ڸҳˣһΪҪڿ
ž
һͻĴ죬ŷεĻӲĴϣԼѾգŵĿŶҶ㣬Ҵң
Ⱥѻȸ˭Ҳû뵽ͬúһҶȻڽ죬ô˵棬ŷʤ棬üƷҵŷһĴ⣡


1329 ԶĿʼ
Ҷͻһƣûκεף˵ϣټٶҲǼ죬ԼվŷԵŷʤҲûüӦ
ҶĿŷεǶǶĵҶ㣬ٸˣҵĻҾͲֹǴһô򵥵ģŵĻԿʱ˶Ȳ㣡
ŷΣҶѾ̫̫ˣһеίȫȴǻŷθӵı䱾ǳķҶڹ꣬ҶҪ̵ȥҲͲҶˡ
۹壬ͬʱôẦһƷأԽ͵˵棬ݺݵŷһ⣬ȳеĶҲжˣҪΪԼ۸
ŷǱɵˣΪŷҵӳڣ˵˴ˣָͷҲûһ£ȥҲǸ߸ϣŸһȵĴȻ죬ȴһʼն˸һ⣬˵ʵˡ
ǣҶ˫˿飬Ѫ˫ۣȴûеٿ˵һΪҶŻԼƼˣھ͸ҵô˵ɱԼ
ҶʵŷοǼʶģ¥εУҶһɵʰһȺˣԼĶ֡
ȻԣҶɱԼҲ޷ΪԻ˳滤ҶϾʥֶƷ
ЩͷŷεпֻѡԹԱ죬ֻԳԹĿ⣬ĵҶ
ŷζ˵ˣʼոŷߵĶСȻҲǱư͡
ŷʤһ֮϶Ȼɢǿиɱ¶ҶһȻǴŷεϣʵϾ͵ڴŷҵϣ̡
ҶȴŷʤϵвΪŷʤȻڼƷţ֮ȴһ㣬񾳽ֻոѡ
ʱ۹Ѿһλ˹ĿһŷʤķĹ֪ġ
˵ֿҶλѣղѾ˹أǳǾͲ׷ˣ´Σǲˡ
ķ֮ڲܶ䣬Լ׳ɵĹأκҲΥȻҶղȴǹȻŷһƣ۹˺ûӣȻҶ֣Ҳ֪ڽҶߵĻڳôſֵҲͬ⣬ֻܾһ¡
ŷʤɨҶһۺɱⲻĵҲҺҶģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦκҶģҶ㣬ֻ֪ϵʯ𣿶ע̫͵Ļ˼ûȤ
ȻҶѾֽѵŷΣȻҲҪװ͵ˣηĺŷʤԡ
ҶҲȷǲƴ֣ŽʮƷʯ
ģϵʯһ鶼ӮߣЩʯ¾ҪסˡŷʤҲǲ˺
˻ûʼԶģѾŨĻҩζЩֵʵ˷ܵ˼㡣
λʲôԹڶԶнɣ
ǰʱҲˣԿʼԶ˰ɣǿɶǸϽʤأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦλھͿʼˣֻڴ֮ǰǲҪùأζģעǶ٣
ŷʤȻ׼һָгеټһ֧ʱ䣬ѡ˭ѡƷ׸ߵĶ࣬˭Ӯעʮʯɣ
ķ޲˿Ҫ֪ѡǸļǶھͨƷļƷʦ˵ѡʱҲҪ۲ð죬ҪüƷжϡ
ˣ۵ҲǼҳ㷹
ȻڣŷʤȻҪһ֧ʱѡԶģʱʵ̫ˣ˵ʩչƷˣǽټ궼
ǧ˪ҶеţҪѡֶķǵô˵棬Ҳ֪ҶӦǾ͵ˣֻŲ˵
û⣡
ҶӦľȻΪɴ࣬û˿ԥ
ȺʱȻ֪Ƕ˵ĶԶıȻǼΪʣ˭ҲûϵȻôŴ̼ӣĶǳͨƷ
ŷʤתŸղųҶԼλ۹ߵǾ鷳ǰ֤ɣ
ԣ׼ʲôʱʼҲǳ˺棬ڰ˸꣬Ĳ֪ﵽ׶ЩʲôƷ׵
ڣ
ŷʤҶͬʱڣ£ѾӲͬķʼѡˡ
Ʒҵźһ˵Ҷ֮ĶԶʽչ


1330 
ټķ֮Уĵûһ˵Ŀⶼ׷Ҷŷʤˡ
ŷʤһǰ߹¸˿ֻ̧ͣһֻƣָڿвϵᵯɼָ֮ϺȻߣÿһϷ۳һŽҫۡ
ǽ˿Ӱ֣ÿ˿Ȼֻз˿ϸʵȴ۶ɣŷʤͨƺƵĸӦжϳһĴƷס
жеСΪ˽š
ڽ߳ȥʮ֮ŷʤָĽͽһ˳ֱӵŷεĻУ˿ǰ
һϵеĶͬˮһ㣬ŷʤΪ׵ĳ࣬һУ˿ĿС
ٿҶ˫ֱͬͥһȻĴӸ֮ǰȻûж֣˫֮һһĿ⣬ȴݷԴ͸еһ㣬ÿƷ׿
Ҷڳָ֣һ㣬һģҲͬͣǰ
˫۾ʵ̫ˣŷʤĽ˿ӰӦøʤһպпɴۣ֮ĻΪʵļƷʦ
̲סĽ֮̾
һ֧ʱܿȥҶһѡصԭλŷʤҲ󣬴ԼѡõҲ˹
ʱϣ޼ھҪѡƷˡ
ŷʤ
ȻȫƷе
ҶҲûж˵ʲôԼ֣ƷһӣżԶ֮ϣ˲ȼ
֮Уһģһ֡Ʒеȣ
ҶѡȻҲƷеȣҲ˵һֵĶԶģҶŷʤȻ˸ƽ֣
˵ϣȴҲ˴ʣ
̶һ֧ʱ˾ȻͬʱƷеȵ⼸顣
ȻҲһ˵ˣҶŷʤ˵ļƷǼߣĿǰǲ
ҶŷʤȴûʲôӦƺǵ֮С
ŷʤڵĵۼʥȻѷʤ
ãȥĵҶν
˶ʮָɴ࣬˵֮תŵȥȻҲǵ
˵ֱ˵ھŸ䣬յļƷǰ淿ĵʵûʲôˡ
ǺƴޱȣҷϷ컨壬һε죬ƣʱٲȻͬȻ֮
ĲãҲǼݻÿŵҩڷŵλöǾƣΪĽһЩȻ֮ҩУһؼĸо
ػľȻֻһλߣڷһʮ׸ߵĴ֮£˫۽գҲһĮĵӡ
չأҶŷʤ֮⣬ǲ׼ģͻȻֵһȺ׷ԲԵϼһȴȫأֱӴ˽ȥȻҶʥʱȺˡ
֪ҶŷʤڶԶģֻǶ˵ʥҲǵȤںľӳԼԵҶŷʤĵǲȫ˹ϣʥ߸ܹ֡
ǸͷˣǸķĳͣҲýǸϳȥֻǽ롣
ίʵⳡԾʵ̫ʣǿߣã£Ҳػ۹飬ϣܹͨһ£Լ˿Խ뷿ۿ
۹Ҳ޷Щ˵ӣֻܴӦ󣬼еȫӿ˽ٴο˻ڶķһ¼
ûļҶķĵھŸлۼӴȺ
ңǻӢǿżȫˡ
ЩҲܹѾ۹˸ӣԽ֮ҲأֻǾۼſ֮ԶԶۿ롣
ȻЩϼһǿɾûκεĹ˼ˣԷķֳһΧҶһŷʤ̬ȶޱȵ顣
Сӣƾ˼ʮľ飬ҿԺܸεĸ㣬ûʥ϶вڸľõ
ŷСѣмŵҩǶǺܳʱˣһֱû£Ҹļţ㿴ֵóֵĻͳ֣Ҳǵĺˡ
ƴĶҶŷʤ򵤣۹ȴɫˣҶҵʥĻǿɾͿˡ
ŷʤⳡôģ
ڳ֤˭ѡеĵֵߣ˭ӮעȻʮʯ
ԣ
ҶӦһһȺͷ̵Ĵӵ£ʼѡˣȻŷʤҲͬˣȻԸȽϸ߰ҲҾܾЩǰǵġ⡱


1331 浤
ҶһȺߵΧ֮£תβŷʤûԼʱ䣬Ϊ˱˴˶֪ѡõѶȣǱѡƷҪĶࡣ
СӣźڵϰˣƲӣԼ̺һ˿ʮֺ棬㲻ѡɣ
Ҷǰһͬ쵰Сĺɫҩ˵ʵҩ֮ĺܹô޴ģҲЩϼһϷΪڵ
ڵĵƼΪԣ飬ͨ˶ܿĳҶһӣƶʱһڹ⣬ϣȻֻаߣȴ͸¶һɱ֮
ȻǾй
ǼΪƺƶǳ¯ʱȻγɣǴڵãֻǷӡҩƷףû˵й
Ҷۿ£Ŀ⽻֯һҪŬ뵽Щ֮УȴɢĹȻܹ赲κεߡ
ֵƵĹԵĲʵ壬ʶʶ翵Ķ˵ǹģ
ҶаֹһͷܹЩġǿɲԵһսһֹķʽרŹ˵ʶأ
Ҷźڵ֮ǰפ㲻̲סȰ˵Сӣңźڵû׼Ҳ˵飬ԲŻйѡɣҲ󣬲ʮʯ
Ҷ̲ס˷ۣʮʯ˵浱Լ
ʵЩĿģϣҶ֣˵Ӷеĺ档
ҶһҪŷʤԶģҲԩͷȨ֮վҡҡͷŵίʵûаգȿģһ˵ɣ
ȻϼһǶеźҲҶȥֻܼҶǰ
һߣŷʤȻҲһȺߵİΧ֮УҲͬԼ뷨ûһİ֮£Բ׳֡
ҶǰȻǧ˪ӵôŵһɳζ
ԱߵҲ΢΢üһԼĳζ
ҶҲŵˣʣѾͷһָǰһ˹ɽζǴ﷢ģҲ۹ǰʱĴӹĹгһŵҩŵҩȻδ⣬ǳţ֮£ֻԽƽҩסȻһ˿˿ĳζ
ĹгĵҶ֪ԼʦִղصģЩҲʼմк棬û뵽Ȼˡ
ͳŵĳζǿңȻףСӣѡ׼ûˣ߿ʼҶˡ
ҶǣߵɽĶڣվŵζӵԺŨ˴ĵ׸еŻ
ǧ˪ίʵܲζչ˳ȥվԶš
ҶȻδ͸ɽĽƣһͨɫĵҩ
һϸ꣬ҶһҲڻŵҩ֪ʶ˵ҩǸֲҩľƶɣɢζΪôζǴδ˵
ҶҲ֪ⲢųζǵɢģԳҼ򲻿мصġ
ʮʯȻȸղŵĺڵҪ󣡡Ҷԥ֮ڻûг֣ʵûա
СӣҲеĻٴ㿴һķصĵҩŮ϶ʥŵҩĵƣѾ֯һŮǲ²⣬Ůǵĵ飡
Ůȷ棬Ȼֻ۴СɼһЦŮͷӡڵҩ֮ϣ֣һִŮӵҩ߳һ
ԥˣѡɣСӣ޸ǳҲ϶ܹһӵ֮ɫŮ顣
˵Щʱ򣬲ϵĳҶǧ˪üŪۡ
ǣǿҶЦԷǣ޸ǳܼŮĵҪӵ߼
Ҷûż֣˺ܳʱ佫䶼һ飬ɵҲصԭʱŷʤҲתһȦˡ
ͬŷʤҲûгֹҩȻղصĵҩȷ֮޴жϡ
ҶȻһЦŷʤǶעһģʮʯ֮⣬һҪѡĵҲԷΣ
ԣŷʤȻܾЦŵͷ
ٴδѡעļӴΧ۵˸ڴΪʮʯǲ٣Ƕ˵ѾʲôˣֵǮȻѡĵҩ
ӣа𣿡ʵ
ҶͷѾһЩüĿҪϸ


1332 ָ
ҶתһȦĸֵҩǷͬ죬ʩչҲ޷ߣ֮Ҳֻд֮۲֪֮صĵҩĿȻҲԼƷѧĸеޱȡ
ѹּƷʦܵô˵غĽ
ҡҡͷҶԼ˼˻վԭأȴŸղԼЩҩһһɨȥ
һԵŷʤȴѾг֣˿ӰʩչһһǰеļŵҩɫòɢȻ׼ѡһźʵġ
ΧˣЩϼһǣڴ˿ȫס˺ȴλƷĸ֣ѡԿõĵҩ
ҶԾɾأ۾ƺǲ׼ѡһ㡣
СЦŵ֪ԼǱɣԺܸɴķˣ
ŷû˵ղűҶһƣڻ޷ƽϢеķŭ޲ýҶǧС
ȻҶû˶˵ĿȻͼеŷʤϣŷʤֵٶҲǼ죬֮أÿһŵҩ֮϶һȻδɢĽɫ
գŷʤǿźڵԱߣת˺üȦָ֮ţ˿Ӱٴ۳ֶ¡
ɢڹ𣬴һɱ֮Ȼȴ޷ƽӲıѹȥ
ʱŷʤȻ̧ʼδù֣ע⵽ָ֮ϣȻƣɢĽɫâ
̲סɻ󣺡ΪʲôҪƻָϣѵԼʲôɣ
ž
һλ׷ߺһë죬ͱ˵ӵ㶪ˣָһּΪļƷЩյĵƺָ֮֮ϵģ£ָֻҪκƵƣɵĽͻơ
Ȼܹƺ͵ָ֮ϣȻˣǸ˿Թԣŵļ׷ʵ
Ҫô˵ǸļƷأŷʤΪţȻָѹָҷܹһϸ£ʱգĿ
ָ֪Ĳֻһˣ෴ڳϼһﶼԴ˿̶̲סͷ˸п
ȻҲתͷĥβܽŷʤλƷʦ£ԼߣĴڣκ޴󲻵ĺô
ŷʤֽ˿Ӱסڵѹ֮صɱ֮ͬʱ̧֣סڵ
ͻȻָϵЩƾȻȫͬһһָ֮ӿ˺ڵϵĵơ
ɢĽɫâһ𣬽ŷʤԼܱһ֮ҫһɫĿռ䣬Ŀҫۡ
һĻ˶ǴʧɫվҶߵǧ˪ǲ⣬ͷʮֻҶ쵽ܲʤŷʤ

⻷ƵŷʤͻȻ챬һȻ߸𣬸ղȥЩ·˿̾Ȼ룬ָ
õȴܹλЩƱղγȥʱһЩࡣ
Ҳ˵ŷʤȻ֮нźڵĵƣָͨ㲻ƻĵĹأûֻ֪Ҫ۹ûֹȻҲȥܡ
ÿ˴˿̶Ǽ쳣Ϊܹۿ˾ʵļƷϲ˷ܡ
Ȼָ沢ûнŷʤƽ̯Щ»صָϵƣԾڼ룬ŷʤȴ۾
Щķʽŷʤ֮¾ʲô
ָȻܹ͵ƽҲ̫˼ˡ
쿴۳һ
Ȼŷʤ֮УЩͬһƣȻ۳һĽɫСֱָգȻ˲ɢ˶Ŀá
Ǳʲô˼ǶĵֲǶôҩ֮лֽأ
⣬ЩϼһǶ޷ش˶ҡͷֻһλվȺеĳüȻһ⣬аһһıû뵽ȻƳ˱
ҶڿߵĻͻϳһֱѰҵǸ͸ҩ֪ʶߡ
ŷʤȻ۾˫ͬʱһգеƺͽȫʧ³֣ѡŵ
ÿ˶ţŷʤѡŵȻǾõ
֪ҾѡŵˣǣΪʲôûгأ°װ״һźõ
̲סʼض㣬֮
ŷʤѾѡ˵ҩ˵ĿȻֶҶͷβվ붨һ㣬ֱʱ۾


1333 м
Сӣ﷢ˣϽѡɣ˼ҶѾѡˣ㵽ûװ
߷׷׳ߴҶ
ʵҶʼձ۾붨ڸ֮дڵĸִ·һЩµĵƣӦܹԼѡ
ȻΧҲŷʤʩչָԼѾѡõĵҩͬ
ҩ֮оȻ۳ɽɫСӦþǴ˵еıǸõģǸõģѪеѪˮ֮ͬЧֻҪʱһ˿УƳƷײ͵
ңȻǱѾ̬ܿɹǿűȫУҲƳֵ˰
ȷǼΪһֵҩ֪ҲĲ࣬һЩʦδ
λ͵Ҷ˽⵽˻һ浤ҩĴڣҽܹۼ
ܹƳδﵽƷ׵ıֵҶԼߣȻҲҶһѹҪѡһܹʤĵҩ
ȻѹҶȴʮƽʵԭҲǽĿڿ浤֮ϵģֻڼȻŷʤѡ˺ڵôֻʣŵҩ֮ѡһˡ
΢һҶߵǿŮǰ档
ѡͶˣĿǰ֮пֻŮܹǿźڵˡ
߼ĵ
ǰڵŮ浤۸Ҳ޼ǵƷӦҲǲ࣬ѡɣ
ҶΧŮת
ʱ򣬶СŷʤıСӣ㵽׻ܲѡˣеĻ͹Թ䣬ǵʱˡ
ŷҲڿڣɱ˸ĵ֪ѧһ΢ĩļƷ޷ᲢۣӮ֮е飬Ҳûʲôʵĵط
˵ĻһЩ˵ĸͣΪҶѵʱȷȽϳˣǽĶʧȥԡ
죡
ǧ˪ͦ˫Ŀ䣬ŷκͶС˵ղǶ˶ĵûʱ䣬ûѡõҩ֮ǰĽ˭ʤ˭䣬δ֪塣
ûʱ䣬ҲֹѡȥɣѵѡϸҹǾҪһֱȥɣ֪㲻뿴䣬׼ʵɣ
˵ľȻԾŷΣȻ֮жǧ˪İĽѾȻ޴棬תҲԼĵˡ
ҶȻ̧ͷŷΣȻ뱣򶨣ȴҺҶĿӣæԴ
ͬʱҶԺ֮кȻһСӣĴ󵨵ĶģڣԲԿġ
̫ལΣͻȻҶ־ϲȻʱԼϹʱ˵ġ硱֣Ϲ鲻ˣҲ³Լݣһ˶ķбԼ
ҶȻ޷ھȥѰǼˣȴƶȻһš
¡¡
һ죬ͻȻˮ棬ʵߵ˸ܹĸо֮·һɹɵڲߣҶڵλá
˶Ǿɲ׷ʲô飺ǣʲô
мʶ߳ǵ
ʲô
ͬʱʼǿŴµĹͷ߻Ȼ۾âҫۣվһҶǰޱĵﲻ׼˹ģϢ𣬲Ȼҽ뿪
ҶƵȷΪƴ󣬰˵ȷΥ˶ķĹأȻʱȴͷӳ嵽ߣŻסŹͷߵţʩչӦһѾʧļƷΪˣ۵·Ӷ̽ƣΥ档
ͷӵ˵ˣΪҶͣǹͷҲеΪѣֻվһԡ
ʱЩӵӿĵȫӿҶڣųһɫĹâ
â֮УɼһĶڴ˵Ϊİ·֣Ҷ¶Ƥ֮ϣҲͬ·
ͷп·ǵ·ûмʩչˣֻ֪ƣ֪˰
ģҶ˫֮кȻҲ˵·ԭĽâҲȫת˺ɫǿŮ
ݡһŮϵǸŮͷȻ˵˿УüĿ飬ǳЦȻͬһ㡣
мˣһЦ˳ǣЦ˹


1334 ȥ
Ȼ˶֪иֳЦŮõģÿ˵۹ȴǱˮסһ㣬޷ƿǧ˪ŮҲ⡣
ѡŵ
ҶϢܴ֮»ϵЩ·ͳͳʧһգҲѡ
ŷʤѡ˺ڵҶѡŮŵҩǴ䳤֮ãȻ˶Ƕģʼûµ˺ĳ֡
Щ׷ԲԵϼһǣʵ᲻Щʯͣλ˵ʱ֮⣬κζ֮֮ԲѡЩ۸߰ĵҩԭΪϣ
ǳڸķ֮תƣоÿһŵҩжǿҵϣͺ棬Ǻ£ȴֲ£¼֮͵Լϣ
ˣֻϣ£֮꣬Щҩеĺ棬ʧҲԲһΡ
ڣ˿Բˣ
ô˵Ҷŷʤ֮ĶԶģʮֵľʣѡĶǡϴѡ浤ڣҪ浤Ŀˡ
̫ˣŵ϶ϡõ
ǰڵؽ𽣣Ůͷֻ֣ϡõܵ
Сӣټ˸ʥҪȿǰ
ΧҶĵ
ɣ
ǿ׶ʲô
˴Ľţȫкڴ
ȻҲ˵ɫΪѿ۹ˣȻ浤ջ˶ʮʯϡõٳһŸ˵ҲޱȾ޴ʧ
ŷʤȼΪƷʦȻҪͱ˵İΪָļҲʮ⡣
ָסǿźڵţһǿڵϵĵƾǻһ㣬һ˿˿ڵʼȥ
ָ֮ͬʱ
˶ס˺ȫעעǿźڵҶҲʱһУۿš
ŷԼͬҲǼо۾գգ
ʱһһεţڵϵĵҲԽ٣侲˼㣬ţ˵ľҲƺڰʹæŵơ
ڣһ˿ȫʧﬡһ죬һڿٴ۳һ𽣣
ңβǴ磬ֱָ죬һɱ֮ɲǼ䡣
⣬ǶĵǶôڵг˽𽣣
Լ۾ɻ
ڵʧȥ˺ɫƵĸ֮ѾһŽӲӵĵ裬ܺȻҲһתͬһĽɫ廷ƣѹֻ˸е⡣
Ӧ龰ôڵϳˣ
һŷʤջָȻгĽɫ裬Ҷ
ȻʦŵҩƷ׺ҩЧ֮ǰҪҶѡǿŵĿ
ҶҲƴǣĵʵǶĵмǾĶǵḶ́еȻҪܽ
ҶҲԼԼȻԼĵĥơ
ΪҶõŽ⣬赲˵ߣЩϼһҲֻϡܹһЩҶĵơ
ЩԵĽ۲쵤Ҷڴ·˸̵⣬Ҹղźڵ֮ϵܹɢ͵ĵƣҲҶֵܵƼԼĵ֮С
һȻַЩı仯Ҳߡ
ҶḶ̲́סٴοʼۡ
˵Ůлʲôܱܲȵŷʤǿŵ
˭֪أ˵ļƷǼΪпܶĳϡõ
ߣʲôϡõ͸۽𽣣Ǽ𣬿¶ûɣʲôܱȵϣ
˵ǶСǼᶨƵվŷߣά

ҶҲɹĥŮϵĵƣӵоȻһͬŮӵЦ
Ȼһ˿Ц˵Ķȴһ㶯кܶ㱣Ц֮޷԰Ρ
ֱЦʧ֮Щ˲ŽعֲԼͬĿ衣
֪Ϊľ㶯ˣǣ͵ЦȣȴԵ
˵ôղŵЦ
浤Ѿȥ˵ƣ¶ԼĿֻʣһ˼ǾǺֵҩкҩЧˡ
ʱڳЩϼһǺĬͬʱ֣һ޴ĹĻҶŷʤ˶ԷʲôҪӵߡ
ûע⵽˿ҶȻüΪغ࣡


1335 һŷϵ
һλ뷢԰ףɷǵߴȺ˳۹פڶķڵʦ
ʵѾ䣬һҲǳڴעŵҩڵֵʱ
һϼһﾪȵĵ㣬㻹ûأ
ʻĶǺֹÿ˵ͷȴ΢΢һΪǴ򵥵ĳƺϣ³λʦݣ
һλѾﵽ˰Ʒʦһ֮ƹһӶͷֻʧ˺ܳʱ䣬˶ΪѾˣȻû뵽ȻͶۣҶķ֮С
ĵһ˵ߵ㶼ûôܻ
˵֮ҲߵŷʤҶм䣬ȶҶɨһ֮תߵŷʤߣ¶ЦݵŷС磬һŵɣ
һΪǵõأԭҲһۿ˵͵ļһ
Ⱥ֮кȻһȻԴ³˵ʵ˭ܿλʦԴҶŷʤ˵̬Բͬ
ͽŷʤҶ
˭˵ģ
ȻתȺһȺ֮д߳үү˵ģ
ħ
ʵҶ˵ħֻħݣ֪ԲŹǷħͦȴû˰Ƣ
ħǲĽɫһ޷죬˭֣ˣֻܺ޺޵ĵһ۷ħȴûҼ˵
ˣ˵䣬Ͻ£Ƕأ߳Ȱ
ߣһתŷʤʱ¶ЦݣֽӹǿŽɫҩʼϸо
ȫţȻ֮ȴ¶˺֮ɫ˸ʱʱĿˣŷʤҲ˵
ģ㵽׿ûðģô졣ħĳߴ١
㶮ʲôʱһŵȻҪ۲ˣ
ʲô
һ֣˶͵һȺϼһǣжʱ貵Ĺâһ͸˼ѪƵģ鼤
ҶҲһУֻλߵüͷ΢΢¶˱֮ɫ
ȷŵе㲻ŵʵ
ϻʦʦɫҩ߾ٹͷŵƷ
ٴȷϣȺڳ׵ķŷκͶСˣȫԵĿ⿴Ҷ
ŷҵ˱ĻᣬֺĵûҾͲţеĵҩƷףܳ΢ĩҲۣܵǲ֪ߵغ񣬽ʶ˰ɣԹ䣡
Ҷ˵ȴһͻȻ𣺡ʲô֣ʲôЧأ
ѭȥ˵һüˣҶԷȴоȻˡ
Ȼ֪ߵԲûʲôرķӦ⵹ʮͬ
԰ʲô֣ĻΪģ㵹˵˵
ݺݵĵһˣԹһ˿Թ֮˵ĵʲôҼһŵ֮Ȼǣ
˵֮ߵҶǰ̯Ƶĵң
̬ȺͶԴŷʤʱ֮𣬶ҶһЦҲҩ˹ȥ
ոսӹ˵ûʱ䣬Ͼ¶һ˿ݣǽģԽԽƽѿͣЦ

ĺȻЦ˶һԴˮ֪ЦʲôֻҶɫʮƽƺΪ
ӣЦʲôŵʲôƷ׵ģϽ˵
ЦƬֹ̺סЦľ˵ղǸŮλˣ˵ǵǸˣǵĵ飡
һ󾪺˵Ŀ
ʲô飬һʥ
̫˼ˣŷʤѾΪѵˣû뵽⾹Ȼǿʥ
ЩϼһǸ˷ܵӶҪɳۿˣ˵һƴſˮ
ٿҶȴԾƽȻû˿ķӦ
ȱŸˣһû˵أ
ȻٴοڵǸˣȷǵ飬ܿϧҲǵϵһ˿ڹ֤ΪŵƷӡʱʵ̫ټһЩԭ򣬵µԣԭϣΪʥ˵һŷϵ


1336 ൱
һŷϵ
ȫסǰһ̻ʥת֮侹Ȼͱ˷ϵתҲʵ̫˰ɣ
⣬ô£
ôǷϵ
ǧ˪жǳ˲ţȻ޷ʵ
£ã̫ħ϶ɾһ˿ʧ
ʱҶȴɫƽĿڵȷǿŷϵղǸŮҲֻǵһ˿ɡ
Ҷȫ⿪Ƶʱ򣬾ѾŵѾˣԵʱϲŻ¶֮ɫ
ȻҶ׿ڳϣȻӹˡ
ü߶ﴷض㣬ڣǶ˵˺棬ζֽ£ȴûµ˺ġ
ܹ֮꣬˵¶ĿĻֶһʥ
ϧûкҩģţҩѷϣ
ŷεĴЦȻǷϵûʲô˵˰ɣϽԹɣ
һŷϵһⳡԶĵĽԶ׼
Ҳò˾ϧΪҶʵҲûֻû뵽ҩ˷ϵһ
ҶҲԼȷˣҲ˵ֱӽʮʯ˳ѻڵϡ
ŷ׼߹ȥȡʯʱȺеͻȻ˳˵Ĵڣֱߵǰڣ˵˵ֺ;Ч˰ɣ
һŭһ˦ⳡԶѾֳʤļֵ޿ɹЧãһҪϸоһ£˽֮Ȼṫڣѵһƭ˲ɣ
ǻŷʤŪˡޱĵ
ʲô
ߵⷬ˶΢΢һŷʤҶҲüͷ΢壬̧ͷǸ
ɫʱͨ죬ĵƨҸλŷСǵһμ棬ôܻ㵽ʲôˣԣϽ뿪ȻҶ㲻
һЦŵƺЧö˵һҧѵеǣǿ𣿡
ͷתͷ۹˵ǻŸʲôϽŪȥ
ţҶǰվǰλǰ˵еκεҩʲôƷףֺЧã˵ˣʼҶǲǸͲ֪ʲôҩ
ʱҲһЩߣٽǰڵһЩ˵϶¶˻֮ɫ
⵽ô£Ҫ֪˵֪֪˵֪ѵ潫ô˶ɵӲɣ
ǰͷβ˵㵽μģ
һһķ׷׿ʼɣ۹λͷҲǿ
ɫ粻һҧԼƳһѵῴɣ
Ҳѿ֮ˣɣͻȻ֣缲磬־ͽеǿŵҩ˹öԷ޴ӷӦ
ŵҩΪǹ˷ãǸá߽ĸϸĽ˳ӵĽȷǣͬǿŮһŵֻʣһɱѣţֻͬһŷϵ
£ͻȻһ󣬡ۡһöɫҩмѿһɽɫϢ籡һǿѹ˼
Ǳ쳣
˴гȫޱ𾪣ǵɫ塣
ڿֻ˰֧ʱ֮󣬾𽥰ֱȫʧ
ȻߵĻȷģɱؼ޷棬˵һöûУôŷʤѡŵȻҲǷϵˡ
ŷεϵЦѾʧȡ֮ľ㵣ڸеϧͬʱȴͷⳡԶ̫ʣļƷʦ֣Ȼͬʱѡһŷϵƽ֡
൱
˵ߺܿͼеλϣ˿͵͵Ⱥϧڳô֣ôߣ
㻹ʲô˵
û뵽ԭǱҿˣʧʧ󰡣
ֱʱȻΪԼΪƱ磬Ҷɵӣ۹ͷ߽һ£ʵǴ۹
ȥ
˵һ£۹˴ȥȻлڴšԩǸû˻ͬ
˵ĽȻ»ص˶Զ֮ϣȻ˶ѡ˷ϵǲӰĿеĵλ˼Ʒʦ⣬ĵ˭ұ֤δζҵöʮиһξˡ
ļλϼһȴͬʱǸصߣ


1337 
ڳôˣȻûʶ߾˭ǾƾŶԷչ¶֮ˮƽע⣬ӶҪ£Լ¡
ȴֻǶҶ˵ͷȻصȺ֮Уڸʶǡ
ʱҶŷʤҲѾٴŸѡõĵҩȥȻҪʤ
ֵǣ˵ٶȶǼ죬ԷֱѡһŵҩΧ˰ࡣ
ôˣղѡôأѡŷϵ֮ôٶȶȻˡ
ңôǲѡһ
ʵҲˣҶŷʤ˵ΪȫһƺԼеĵҩᱻԷָߡ
һŵ֮󣬸Ӽȥһŵ
̶Ƭ̵Ĺ˷ֱŵӳ˶ʮҵʯ
˶֮ɫֻ۹ɫƽǰͲ˶㣬ȻȫǷϵǿɾ׬ˡ
ѡŵ֮˶һۣҶʵȼ
ŷʤɨһȦܵͷȼ
ã
ͬʱֿʼѡĵҩΧҲȴǼĽ
ٴ˸е𾪵ǣѡٶȿ죬ڼٶҲǼ죬ŷʤֱָסŵҩͬʱյҩϵĵƣҶҲˣĵƽŵҩ֡
ʲôˣʱ䲻𣿡
˰ɣôôż
ĿŵҩĵƼͬʱĥĽȻĿȫǷϵ
Ǹеϧȴͬһ㣬ĵҩ
Ҷܿѡһŵҩֱ˦ʯУһŷʤҲͬˣֻǵŷʤ׼֧ʯʱɫȴһԼϴʯˡ
˵ڣѾѡŵҩҶܹʮʯŷʤʮһ顣
Ҷܹ˽ʮʯѡŵҩǾʯϻʣ¾顣
ŷʤȴѾˣ̧ͷܣ֪˭ܹҵʯʮ飬ŷ֮ڱضϡ
ſھͽʮʯڳޱȣֱˣһҲܽ𣬺۹ڵ˽裬ѡеҩʯǷš
л
ŷʤסǿŵҩ
ٴͬʱּȻԾɺ͸ղһŵҩǷϵ
˦ֽŵҩֱӵ֮һεĳ˳ȥ
һ£ǧ˪ʵ̲סˣæҶҶǲǷˣ
һߣŷҲѯԼ嵽׷ʲô£Ϊ˷
ҶŷʤȴûκλӦֶ룬ǵٶȱղһЩԵҪһЩ
ħԼԴĵ˱һҪ񰡣
ȷ̫ˣһ֧ʱѣѾʮҵʯǵƷ쵤ûҵһţҾȻҪѰҵҩ
һǧ𶼲ĿǰΪˡ
£裬ã̫˶ɻҲ벻ͨ˵ôˣҪ˵һ˷ˣô˾Ȼһ裡
ѵһŵ
ȻȻλ૿ڵ
ȫżѾʼ׷ˣǰʲôǵ

Щϼһԣʱ׷ױɫȻ֪塣
˷ã̳Ϊˣ˷ã̿һ죬ƶأ飬ܽӹŹЩϲķãٿ꣡
ǵЧŶò˼ȴʵȻҲܱΪˣĵ֮ʥҲҪǿٱ޼֮
Ȼ˲⣺ҲȻǷӡڵ֮УƲʧ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪ǵôܲĵأ
ߵӵԣڵƷӡ֮£Ҳܸ֪Ϊ˱ԼɢĳϢżƷʦǵļƷǲȥѡҩ
Ȼ飡
޲е˼Ҽʶˣõ͹ˣҲǵȵʧ֮չ¶ǵȻڱӡ״̬£Ϊ˱ԼɢϢżƷʦжϣֱ˻ҪͿ£
ιλĸܵ˵Ϣ𣿡ߴѯʡ
Ҷŷʤ嶼ͣһۺĵ˵ͷ
˶ˣ˶ʱٴΪ֮ȻȻеĴڣѹ˶һأ϶µԷѡߡ
ܹҵô֮ǰеĻѶʮٱǧ׬ȻҪϧһдˣ


1338 
һ̣ҶѡˣЩϼһǾȻҲɢ˿һ߳Ƕ˵Ϊһ߿ȻǶе̲סҪˡ
ʵ̫ˣ
Ϊĵҩ۵Ļڳ˿¶Ҫ뵽ѡĶˡ
ҶٶΪܹеĵҩֻʣţϵʯҲֻһţ޷ͬŷʤȣ˼ʱܻԼȫҵˡ
ŷʤȻû˿Ĺ˼ɣѾѡ˺һŵҲͬҶõģһ
һų״ĵҩȥͨ徧Өʮࡣ
ŷʤҶѾʼмˣָոյһ˿ƣӿڿ۳˵㷱ǣ֮Ļ˱ǵ㡣
ʼŵܹͬѡ˰˿ŵҩȫǷϵٴο࣬Ȼ˵ľΪ֮һ
浤϶ѡˣܸóһźõ˰ɣ
Ҳһղŵĺڵ˵׳ʣǽأ
ĵ飬ԺԶãȻǻĵҵѪ޿
Ҷŷʤ˽ѵʯѾҪӽˣһ˭ܳܵ
ŷʤѡеŵ˵̬Ҳϲǲΰ룬ͬʼһ¿ˡ
һ˿ʧʱһâ̫ͬһ㣬Ȼ䣬Ϊÿ˶һ⡣
â֮£˶û̩ƮƮɡ
϶Ƿϵˣ̫ˣڿһźõˣ
һ̣˶ɢâӵЧҩƷ׿֪ˡ
ŷʤɿƣöȻ״ĵҩȻԼ˿Уɢ貹âͬһǹԡ
ǵ
ߵĿ³֡
ˣ
üˣٷ֮ٵ̫ˣ
Щϼһȫˣʥ𸣵ֻ߲ͣκ˶ǿӵС
ֵʮʯˣ
ֹˣʮʯҿܹʯ
˵ļֵ֮ÿ˶̲ס˿ʵ̫ˣ
ŷʤԼҲ̲סЦΪƷʦܹѡһǿ飬Ϊ˸е԰ˡ
϶˰ɣԹɣϵǵʯҲѡˣȫ͸ǰɣ
ŷγһٴζҶ˳Ц
ǣǻʵ㶼ûмɣСҲ͵ɣ˷ǵʱˣƾ㻹ƷҶ
ȷûٿҶˣҪ벻䣬ҶҲҳһܴƽ֣ҪӮĻҶܹҳһʥ
ʵ̫ˣǺˣοҶǰӸյõһʥ񼸺͵䶨ˡ
ǧ˪̫ҲûƢȻվҶߣǰҲٴδ漣
ȻҶȴɷǳƽȷûѡҩ֮ǰһжδ֪
Ļ˶˶Ϊƽֻװģǿ򶨶ѡ
㵹ѡһѡһʥǿŷĵ
ãҶƽĵͷҾԸԿ
˻һ֮ٴΰ
迴Ҷ¶֮ɫ
ǧ˪ɫأдڴ
£˼
˵϶һ˿ÿ˶ܿҶ򶨲װģѵ˵ĻӮİգ
Ҷκˣߵѡеĵҩ֮ԣͷ۲
Ƭ֮Ҷ̧ͷ˵ڻûҪҺŷʤĶԶģ
ˣ
ֹؼʱ̣˶Ҷ£Ȼͬϴһôһ֣ٴ˺Զġ
òѾг˰ɣ
Ȼ˶ĻӮϣǿڵӣʵе㻳ɡ
ڲμӶԶĵĻпĻӮʮʯһջ
֮£һʱ֮䣬Ȼû˿ڱ̬
ҶҡҡͷߵŷʤǰȻû˲μӣŷ֣Ҫע֪ͬͬ⡣
ŷʤ̬ͻȻӰһĳ嵽˸ղҶ˰ŵĸ
ŵˣ
ʮָɴ࣬ԷֱӳʮʯͽҶδѡŵҩ
˵ľٶʵ̫ͻȻ˶ûзӦֱʱſ˶ǰ׷ԲԵߣ֮һȻǶСүүǧۣ
һ̣Ҷϵƽһɨգȡ֮ޱȵķŭ


1339 ԿǸ
̫ˣ
ҶŭŶǧۺһĺ
ҲȫȻǹ˵ģͻȺ֮УҲʼոҶŷʤĽŲѡǳٳûг֡
ڿҶԲ¾Ȼ˶Զģʶг˳Ҷŷʤʱ򣬸Ͻ֣ȻҶõĵҩ
ǧЦݣõĵôˣŵ𣿸ʯֻҪûʯʱȨκһŵҩ
һҲЦеĵͷŵҲ˺ܳʱˣ¶Ľ£ûʲô԰ɣ
ǧ˪ĵѡеĵҩȴתʱû£̫޳ˣ
СŮޣϷãƽϣǧɫһʦҶÿͿģοˣȻ˵ûûСٸҺԣСҳҳ̹ܽܽ㣡
㡭
ǧ˪ĸ˵ˡ
ʱ˿̣֮У֮һƬеʮֲܶǧ۶˵ΪҶеϧģѡ˵Ӧ£ȴҲĽ˼ÿ죬˸ӣ¿϶׬ˡ
Ҷŵת˰֮󣬾ͳŵ˼ľ֣֪ŵǳĵģ޷Ტۣ϶ҲƷײ͵ĺõ
̫ͷħһۣѾ˳֪Ҷݣ£еŭѾ޿ƣη۹ηǧۣǿʲô¡
ȻʱҶȴǳʹ˸ɫһλķҪŵ𣿡
Сӣʯˣѵ˻ȥɣǧָҶСӣҲ֪֮󣬺ܶ鲢ô򵥣㻹̫ˣеʱ򣬳ԿǸ
ðɣҶ˵ͷû˵ʲô
Ҳûа취£Ȼܶ˶˳ۣ˭Ҷһʱ⣬ûأ
һλȻЦеĵˣղûԸŷʤĶԶģҾ͸㣬Ը룬עΪʮʯ
ʲô
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ĳ֮٣ʲôǰ󱲣˵ԼѯҪҪģӴעѵ𣿡
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ϲǻпʥ𣿡ǧ۵ĵˣǲʥע
ʥļֵֹʮʯǧȴ˵ڴʥ⡣
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һ⻰ȫҶһк̲ܶסҪҲľˡ
ʥļֵ޷ŵϵĻ鶼͵ģȻҶȻʮκֻҪӮˣ־һ
ǧۺǸߵжʱð˵һº̴ã˵ģ˽ʯɲ׼ڡ
˵֮ҶƵģǧߵŷʤԱߣͨʶһ̸һȺʶ˽ʯ
ܿ죬ǧ۾ͺŷʤЭ飬ĽǣǺһ𣬸ԽԼĶעټʮʯܹճʮʯҶʥ
ֵܣҪǶģǿʥ´ȰҶ
̫ҲͬҶ㲻Ҫѹ㣬ֻҪ˵ģǿԱ֤û˸ұ㡣
һЩҲ׷׶Ҷ趼ȰҶв¡
˵ȰοҶֻ΢΢һЦȵŷʤͶǧǳﵽʮʯ֮Ҳֽǿʥȡ˳ʥڴˣ
ҶĽʥȡ˶ע˵жð˹ǶǧǼˮҪ˵ϣ޲ھͽʥС
ʥϾҪˣŷҧгݣݺݵĵ
ҶɨһۺϺȻ¶һõЦݵѡ֮ǰҺ뿴λǰŵʲôõ


1340 ʵ޻
ҶϵЦݣǧ۵жȻһһɲõԤжʱļ䣬һãԼмˡ
ϴΣҲͬһȺ˶ҶĵΣͷβڰй۲ҶһһûкӣȷҶĿŵԲŻгμӶľ֡
ҶЦݸӲˣλǰĻԸΪλͣŵʲôϡõ
˴˿Ҳ΢΢һһֲ˼Ŀ⿴ҶðͬɻѵҶڿӣǧǼ޷˵ȥ
˵ȤȻ׷׽ţߴٶǧ۸Ͻҩ
ǧۺһҩݸŷʤæ
ŷʤָŵҩϵĵȫոɾ֮󣬶ǧۺǸ˵ֱҪˣҲ԰׵ûһ˿Ѫɫ
ŵȫǷϵ
ʵ֤ǱҶһθĿˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ̾˿ҾͰղ󣬿Ƕŵֳ˺棬лλǰ壬ҵĺģˣ
㣡
ǧ۶˺ݺݵĵҶмֱҪΪķֹ֣Ǻ޲ھȥҶж˿飡
ưͳԻп˵ŵΪռıˣȻû뵽ȴøĺʮʯװ׵ĴˮƯ춼û
ϧǹֲκˣû˱ȥ򣬸û˸ǣ϶ϡõһжǾȡסѪĳ嶯
ҶЦĿ˵λǰƣסԿǸ
Ƕ˵ʵ̫ģļ⣬޲ﰵˣ񫣡
ŷʤȻҲе⣬ûϵһüͷ΢ǵĶԶģ㵽ѡѡˡ
һ仰ǽǧ۶˸˻԰Ҷûѡŷʤ֮ĶԶĻûзֳʤһΣҶٽƻŷʤʵʵİѵз̵Ŀ
뵽˵ҲƽȻ˶ʮʯӮʥζֵõˡ
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ŵҩ浤ʱҲѣ۸Ҳֻʯ
ڷŵλʮֽ䣬Щ浤ûпɱԣ˶ǴûҪ£Ϊʵ̫ͨ˳ֵȤ
ҶȻѡŵʵǴ˵ϡ
ŵٷ֮ٵķϵǲӮϣƹˤ˰ɣ
ŷδĳ
ŷΣҼǵ˵ĵľһõģ
仰֮ҶѾ˵ƣʼĥΪͨĵҩϵĵơ
ҶͬʱתΧȺϼһǵλǰ鷳ǳַס䡣
СӣòǿۣǱƭ˰ɣŵĺͨ
ЩҲͬҶ˵Ļί񣬲ȴҲҶҪ󣬳ǿ䡣
òǵɣСĵ
ŷʤüͷȻҲĻɣĿǰҶܹҵĻʵûпӮԼ
ʵҶҲͬĸоŵǵȻ˲ۣȴܽΧƣƣԼĵƶϢ뵽ĵ֮ϣص
һʧŵҩȴʼձƽû˿֣ñͲõЩѾʼҡͷΪҶѡˡ
Ҷȴƽȣǧ˪Ծǣһ⣬һƴСľӣ
˲֪ǧ˪ȴʮ۾ϵʥ
ʱ˿̣ҶȻ۾ȡ˳ȻŵлйŹ֣Ҳ̫˼ˡ
λ߲֪ʱҲҶߣ˫Ŀ񣬶ҶĶ֪Щʲô
ȫʧһգȻûκ֣ζûУǾʱǿŵҩͻȻ𣬡顱һײЩϼһǲóĹĻ֮ϡ
죬òʥɣ
һЩҶʥʱҲͬΣֻʥ⣬âҫۣŵȴʵ޻Ȼôͨ
˶е˲˼飬Ŷõʱ䣬ҶȻѡһʥ
ҩײĻ̰֮һǴССȴ˹â
飬òǵҪ˰ɣ
˿ʼȻλȴüͷ壬ҡͷĵ⣬ǵ


1341 
ҩڿͻȻ俪ʼֱײƺܵĹĻ֮ߣһȺϼһǷ׷׳֣СԸԵһѹƵһ̶ķΧ֮С
ĿǰΪֹŵҩֳһмϴεĵ飬пһʥȫס˺еĹâ
СӣȻһʥѾһˣžҰɣ
֪ʥֵǣô˺Σһʯ
ЩϼһĶˣϴεʥҶʼû˵ҪδãȻֳһţǶٷŹλˣŵҩδҶ֮ǰ׷׿ۣϧ
ʱ˿̣Сŷε˵ɫѾǲ԰ޱȣԭһ֣ʤȯգҶȻѡһʥ
ڶǧۺǸ߸ȫɵˣոҶںõĿۿŶԶҪ
գ֮䣬ʮʯΪӰҴ󲿷ʯԸʽģִǽ˵Ķˡ
ȻǿǣҲʼ׷Ҷ££ǧ˪ģϣҶܹʥǡ
ȻҶȴǶſǿűϱ֮ĵҩ¶˼֮ɫ
λǰڲǻ˼ŵҩƷףȻ˵ɣȻĻⳡԶҲ޷ֳӮˡ
ԣ˼
ЩϼһǣǾۼſڳĿֵˣͷͣʥҲֵ֮ģ˽һ㣬֪ļ۸
ҩɢ͵Ĺâ䵽ҶУҶһֻ֮Ȼ۾
âۣͣκ˶޷â֮еΣҶԼҲ⣬ʱ򣬴󲿷˵ĿⶼǸߣȻֻʥ
ֵǣȴҡҡͷӦòҪ
ѯԭͻȻꡱһ촫Ҷеǿŵҩ֮ϾȻһѷ죬ţԭ͵ĹâͻȻŴ򱶣ͬһ̫ȽȽ䡣
ž
ҩѷ촦ֱ˿ţһĽ
ߴߴ
ҶҲ޷͸â֮еΣȴܹ֮ܵһȣͬʱи⻬ĶĦԼơ
͵һָоôǸ
ףô˽Се
ӵдģ϶ǵ飡
ԣо飬Ǹﰡ
ôǻҩ֮г֮⣬ﻹĶ
ȻҲ˸ղŵĽ˺Ҷһ뷨ڹâûɢ֮ǰһжǲ롣
ڣâʼһȥһССεĶҲ𽥵չ˵ǰ
ֻҶ֮УһֻĴָСԲĶͨ覣һɫԲȴֻССצӣ̶һ۾תţ֮г˺档
Ȼһ
˶ĿɿڴĵСҶҲ⡣
һŵҩ֮оȻһѾκ˵
ð֮˻عƴԼ۾ʲôҩ֮ôܻлǲۻˣ
ûֶλǰ˭ܸǽͽһ°
ղǲǵɣ᲻һ밡
ҶҲǳ𾪣Լû뵽һϾȫʮ־ԣ϶ͨ顣
ЩǰǴ˿ҲȻҲ֪Сһ𾪹ֿʼᣬһƴҶ˹ȥ
ʲôСӣˣʥ۸һ
ƾʲôСӣģҪǮǰɣ
ɴ໹Сȥ˭۸˭ã
֪ܹܲӵҩ֮гֵģȻǷƷǲϧκδ۽¡
ԣСӣ˵ôãףСأ
˺ȻҶʧˣǵҶε𣺡λǰǶҼˣ
Ҷ̵Щ˵ĿˣԼǿ˫Ⱥϼһ𿴶ǰ׷Բԣ޶࣬һմɵһӲǽԼ˳
Ȼǧ˪ЩͱԶ߶ϡ
ÿÿʲôϽСӽ
ϼһֹͣӵÿһ·Ҷ˽
λǰҲȱˣʿ⾿ʲôɣ
˵Ķԣ˵ĶԣҸʡ
˭֪⾿ʲôϽԼ
Ⱥ֮Уÿ˶ڻߵˣȻλ˳˫۽ĶҶϵСӦǵ棡


1342 Ϊ
棡
ڳ˶Ȼû˵ʲôе棬Ȼʱλûвμ۹ͷȴжȻ⣬һ˹һǿѹȻɢţȻ׵ľͽȺϼһӲļһߡ
ɴ˿ɼλߵʵ֮ǿԶڳÿһˡ
ͷ߶ҶеǸԲСŲʵǵ棿
ǵģǵ棡ĵͷǿŵҩһļ뵤
һļ뵤
ȻȻһͷˮǹ⼸־ʶˣļֵ±ʥҪߡ
ʥȻϡ٣ҲԲֹһĸʡ
ֻǾʲôǵ棿
죬׼ڽ֮ͣǰҶȴһĴСӣϽһѪι£Ҫ˷ˣҿϺ۾һ취һΪˣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻеɻ󣬵֪߲ẦԼԸԼô϶ҲǱ⣬ӦΪԼá
ˣ߿ڽעʱҶ͵͵۾ΪڻһƴСĻþ֮УȻĽԼһѪιȥ
ҶѪ֮󣬰װֵ֮϶ʱͨޱȣɢһѪ⣬ҿлþڻûб˷֣Ƭ֮Ѫȥָֻԭ
ͬʱҶԵĸоԼ꣬Ȼ͵ϵһ
ȻͬԺõѪһŵѾԼΪˣ
ҶĶȻȥþߵĽ
棬ͬ˵ҩеľؼľһȫµ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ҲԿǵ飬ȵĵȼҪߣֻǵ꣬ȴں˵Լꡣ
Ϊʲô˵ֵĻһΪڵļ뵤һͿԳֵģ
Щҩ֮ϲϴ¯ЩӲϴÿ֮󣬸ֲϵĲϵмȵȶһ𣬳µĳڶ¯֮С
ĳĹ֮УЩпܻܵ¶ȣ˵ȵӰ죬ϵһǿ뵽Ƶĵҩ֮УȡЩϵľӶγɼ뵤
˵ͽнʬ꣬ҽ
صĽ֮£пɼ뵤
뵤ΣҲÿż뵤ٷְٻ棬ԣ֪ĸ֮ˡ
ڵã˵¶š
ܹΪΪ棡
һŷϵֻҪ͵һһʱ֮ŵͻɺõҩЧƷȻܹٻҪ
ߵĻ䣬ͷҲ̽ŵ֪죬һλǰõһ棬Ϥ֮󣬳ɹĽһƷ쵤ʥ
˵֮ڼžеĿⶼҶģǸȻ˺İװֵСϡ
棬ֱһ
ܹһƷ쵤ʥֻΪʵ̫ˣ
ӵ˵棬ھӵ޾ʥ
һ̣˵۹ⶼк̰
ҶͷһҲίʵûϵ澹Ȼ죬ȻΪʲôҪԼιѪΪʲôҪԼһΪˡ
ΪСһԴ̼κ˲ϧһд۵Ϊ֮ƴߣھԼΪʸ֮ģľԵУ
Ȼ޼ۣҲǿģֻ̺ĶõĵҩʯȵȣʳˣķǶιԣ
Ȼߵ˵ı׶ˣȻ׶˸޷жĿ顣
ԵʯʲôֻҪһʥǾ׬ˡ
ڣҶЩͷǣʼı˹̲סѾҶڵС磬ǰɣ۸㿪
ǰղҲˣȻСһȷе⣬ƾһˣֻЩɣҲпܽ󡣡
ǣӴ֮ǵѣڣûٸҶ㡣
Щϼһ˵ͬʱҲ׷׿ʼҶʩѹȻݣҲ˲ˣջʵ̫ˡ
ȻʱҶȴûлӦתͷܣƺѰʲô
С磬Ǹ˵أôҲӦһ
ǣʹ컰㾿׼˭
ȻѾҶ˾˭ǲӵеģҲҲ


1343 
ҶڽĴѲӵ˻ǰˣԴ˲˺üȦ
̫ѨҶεĵλǰҾ˭֮ǰǲȸȡӮõĶע
仰һ˵ŷκͶСɫʱò԰ޱȣǧ۸ĶڵѪԭΪôܹŷʤѡӮһʯȻڣȻȫҪ͸Ҷ
ǰнʮʯ󲿷ֻ˽ģ»¶һܻˣ
⻹ҶԼģԼϸͳȥġ
ţȻȷϡ٣ǲ֤ļֵʤ
ʱ򣬶ǧȻڸֿҪŤתǬ
ȻҶڣȺϼһǵѾ׷ɱ˶ǧ۵ϡ
ٷϻ޼ۣϰʯҲ޷͵ᲢۣⳡԶģȻŷʤˣСӮˡ
ǧۣһͶȥˣ䲻ͱģȻˣǳɸе˰
ЩϼһΪ˵棬ѾվҶߣͦҶûнǧ۷
ǧ۾ĵӣҲͬʱôͷ˵ϼһֻܴʣ˳ȥ
϶ţ߰ղҽʯʲôʱ򻹣
԰ỹҪǵȥȡɣ
˵ĶǶǧ۵ծʱҲ侮ʯöǧͷ̧һһߵ֮ڱضϣģ
ҶӸǧ۵Ĵ̼ںһ䣺ǰǶл˰Ժлٶģ
ۣ
ոռĶǧۣ޿̵һѪ˳ȥ
ŷʤվһû˵ҶҲϻһͽʮʯȫͬʱ̯쵽ǰŷʤлѡ
ǰԼҲҶС
ߣ
֮ŷʤתߣŷκͶСȻҲǽʵûˡ
ΪֹԱŵļƷʦ֮ĶԶĻҶʤŷʤõ˵棬õһʮʯ
С磬ûУ
ڵǰϼһǵޣֿʼߴҶˡ
Ҷεʱһ
䣬Ҷ̸оɼҪ۳ʵʵɱԼȻ˶ɱ
Ȼķйأôϼһһȫأ۹Ҳô
λǰż˵ʱ˵ôϡĵ棬ҸոյõôҲҰɣ֮Լ棬ʱǶμӣ˭ļ۸ߣҾ˭
һὫŵæȤĻҲȥ
ҶĻ䣬̾˷ԣУһأ
ߣүӣҲ̫ˣֻҪ̤ķžͻ˫۾ңΪ𣿡
ҶͻȻһλǰҵ֣ǷҪҵĻʯʵ˼Ӧöɣ
˵֮䣬ҶѾճȭֻҪͻᱻ
Щϼһǵ඼Ȼ̾˳ԲˣǧҪСˣ汾͹У˼漸ҲǺ
ʱѣó죬ҲԻȥＯʯʱƾ£˭м۸ߣ͹˭С
ڽ֮Ҷ߳ķԼܾۼˣûԸɢȥ
ԭ׼ý۾ʩչþˣΪĻᱻʶơ
һʶƣǲ汣ס۾ʧȥ
֮£ҶֻܷƻҲ¶ĵġ
Ҷ⼸Ҳ㸽ţʱ£̫˵ʶ
ҶǱ˴ӵŻصסǧ˪˿ĴŹ֮ԾɲɢȥȻҪ졣
һȥҶû뵽κεİ취ȥҶȹϵϣת
ڵҹͻȻһˣ˵е㲻ȥ𣿡
ǹū
ȻūѾ˸ֻﾹȻôˣûóȻ룬ʶķʽҶйͨ
ҶһʦֵԼζȥôš
ƴˣҾʹȥ
Ҷ͵վȥˣǿдһ·Լһˣ̫зħйūǵӦÿһ


1344 
ҶҲһɣ˵ʵʱձΪѰûȥİ浤棬ǽս۾֮Уȥˡ
Ҷȡ˳ϣָĵСԴСһǰҸӲˣ֪ͲðӼ뵤зų
ƺܹҶĻһ˫С۾֮¶޹ί֮ɫԴĵȥһ㡣
һҾҪ׼ȥˣҪӲĻʱֻܽӳȥˣ㱻˸ߣסҲˣҵ
仰ǰģҶϷˡ
ȷ޼ۣǺȻҪҶɲΪԼ׼һ֮ʱӳȥõԼߣǸǲܵˡ
κ˵õԶСأܸһ˿һߵĻᣬ˵㵤ܹߣܹҵҶ
ȻҶ֮󣬵գգԼС۾װֵͻȻ𣬻һ׹⣬ڷ֮зɿ
ҶɵˣΪԼĿ⾹Ȼ޷ϵеٶȣڳ䣬ҶԿ϶Լ׷
ֺԲļһﾹȻӵ٣ʵǳҶϡ
沢ûг䣬ڿ˼Ȧ֮»صϣȻ˫С۾ҶƺѯҶʱԼǲǾصߡ
Ҷ۾Ȼһ뵽һ취
˵𣿡
»ζһԴȻ
Ǿͺãһᡭ𣿡
ҶظԼİ취ȷ֮󣬳һ
׼ˣ
ڵٴεһԴ֮ҶȻָڷĴһС滯һ׹⣬г˳ȥҶҲͬʱУˣˣ
Ҷֱƿӳ˳ȥİ׹ҲѾʼסΧЩˡ
쿴ǵ׹⣬ǵ棡
ôˣ᲻Ǽٵģ
٣ȥ׷׷ǸϽ֪ͨǣ
ȺȻû뵽ҶᡰСġõˣ˵ȴһǧѷĺûᡣ
ǵ棬ֻҪץסǵͻ˭ˣ
ǣЩȫˣʱ׷׳𣬽ڰ׹֮ȥ
λҵģλ˭ץһҪңұл
Ҷٶȣ˵ĺ棬Ľкš
Ȼÿ˶ȴûץס棬ɵӲŻỹ㣡
ʱ򣬹ūҲϢĳҶߣҶæǰȺ֮УϽعĹ׼ᣬӡһ˿϶ǵ׹룬͵
ūҶסΧô˵ʱ򣬾͸о˲Ծ˵İΣҲûʣҶĻȻ֪̬Ӧһͼӿٶȣ׷ǰȺ
ҶҲǲ׷ţûܹ׷ϵ棡
Ӧǲ׷ϣΪܵĶǸӣΪߣҶûаܹ׷ϵ棬Ǿ͸˵ˣ
ǰ׷ϵȺεΪ׳ֺۣ⽫ض壬ˣֱӻ˱࣬ҪԼٶȥ׷ϵ档
ϧٶԶԶǵ󣬽Ƭ̹Ѿ˹Ĺڵɽȣڰ֮УӰ𣬿зߺˣ
ЩǸڴ˵صĵӣʵͣǣֱӴǵӹΧſе칭ʼ˲ϵ
⼸ûеõش𣬻׷ʣǺȻѾǰһȺ˳˹ҸȦ죬ɫһӣΪҪæߺʾ
ৣ
߸뷢԰׵ߴɽ֮ӿҲ߶ʮһͬʱ֣һ޴ĹĻЩ˵ǰ
䣡
׷ϵ˸޷ɲסΣǰ̵ײ˹Ļ֮ϣǵ󣬼ϵҲ֮𣺡ĻȻǲˣ
ȻЩϼһҲѾõϢԶٶȸ˹
ɽе˸׷ʲôһһʱ֮Ҳ֪ηӦʱϼһѾ˹̧֣һɹȵӿĳ˹Ļ
䣡
촫ʮϱǿǣȻｻ֣
ͬʱ칭ĸһռͻȻͬˮһʼΧĵ棬̳֮Уͬʯһ㣬ʧˣ


1345 뿪
¡¡
ڵͷѾ뵽˴սУҪɽȣɽڵȴֹˣǽ롣
ͬʱ˺󷽣˿ѾûעҶȴ΢΢һЦתΣ˳ȥ
ȻǰЩУҲ̫ǧ˪ˣǴ˿ҶҲ˲ǽͣҪǿû빭ūС
Ҷ˲ʮȦ֮󣬲뵽˹Ĺ֮Уūڴغţһ֣̯ƣ֮УһֵСϣƺһ

ֱʱҶǳ׵ķҲ뵽İ취ڵܹԼĻӵе٣һ·ɣ뵽Ĺ֮С
һκ˶뵽ʵԼϣϾĿ֤ʵ̫̫ˣ
Ҷͳһʯֱ˵ĿУȻͽʱս۾УͬʱҲûȥһƷ쵤
͸һθڼãǳܳԣҶȻʱ𣬵Ҳ˷츳ĿھŶ
һ֮Ҷʵʦôˣ
ūҡҡͷҲ֪ôˣǹײѪҸое㲻Ծ
ҶҲûټ׷ʣֱѪ֮ԣѪԾûд򿪣˿պϣǴӽӷ֮ȴżѪ
ιȻе㲻ԾҶҲû޷ʦ־ʲô
Ѫ
Ҷ֣ɨѪһ۵û£ڽڵķѪƳ˵ںת
شҶ͹ūĶҶԾеɻ󣺡ҵճʱôûбƳʲôѪ
ҶЦЦĳ֮ǰѪѾȫˣﻹзѪȻôܻѪ֮壡
ҶԼΪ٣ѪˣѪʱѪеѪԼԼˡ
Ȼʦִû£Ҷ׼뿪ʱūȴ˵һ仰ȥʱ򣬷ɱֵټģΧ̫࣬ûж֣ȥ֮Сĵ㡣

֣Ҷͷ۲ѣЩڻУԵֲɱ֯ڿǲûԼֻҲǱⲻҪ鷳Գٳû֡
֪ˣ
Ҷ뿪˹Ĺ˼Ȧ֮»صɽȡ
˿ɽѾȫˣΪ˶˵澹Ȼ˹ĹֵͷҲֹͣ˹һƿĹķӡĹ
ʱҶĳ֣Ȼ˷֣ǳǧ˪µߵ֮⣬˸ûʱ
ȻڵҪҪĶˡ
Ҷ⼷ȺǼϼһ￪ڵλǰץܻ֮ܲң
ǺǣȻȥɣĹķӡ̫ǿһʱͻƲˣϢ֮˵
ǸԼĻشҶɥ뿪ȺһѻģŻǵķȥ
ֵܣ´Ӻ׷˹ݸһռǿѾȥˣɽ۸ΪʯΪӶʣµĶˣҲ̫ѹˣҲԼġ
Ҷļҡҡͷ뿪ˣֻǧ˪ĬĬĸҶ
վڳ֮ҶȻͣ˽Ųתͷǧ˪Ҫ뿪һʱ䡣
Ҫȥģǧ˪ȵĵѵ㲻ȵϢ𣿡
еҪȥڵ棬һпյĻ𣿡
ǧ˪֪ܲǰϼһĵõ棬ôܻỹҶ
˵㣬Ҳ̫СˣҪĶôأ
ǧ˪ȻԹȴҲ̫أ»̼Ҷ
Ҷǧ˪˵űǸȴǲò¶֮ɫ̾˿˵ˣ뿪һʱ仹ġ
ǧ˪˻֣Ҷ뿪˻ǡ
֮ҶҪ뿪ǣΪ֪Լ̫ߵˣ˵һѣԼļƷͻúܶ˲Լڴ󲿷˶עе˹Ĺ͵֮ϣԼÿԳ뿪
Ҫǣ֪ԼʱҸطͻˣȻûħĳܹһʮʯܹԼ磬
Ȼʯþ֮ǵģ
Ҷ뿪ǽǧ֮󣬺ȻоһΪǿ׷Լ
Ϊ̫ˣΪ̫Ѿ֪ԼݣҲԼɽȸ뿪п׷ԼԼͣ
Ȼعͷȥ˿оԼԽԽǸӰʱüͷʱšһôȻ


1346 
ӿôüģôϣ𣿼Ȼˣһ뿪ɣ
ҶǰľȻ裬˿۴ЦĿҶ˵٩
Ҷȷû뵽Լ˻æɿüͷЦˣֻе⣬Ȼ㣡
һָֻĵҶĿڣĵĵڲİ£ϣڳǰɣ
Ҫ˵֮Ҷ֪ԼĶ֣ɫǡҲӴ˾׷ҵģ
Ȼ׷ģӦҵлûж֣벻ߣ
ҶѾһӺˣϽڰֵϷŪˣĶ飬ôܱ壬ֻʵҪ£Ųò뿪ǣʱ䣬϶ġ
ˣˣǳǳһЦҲɫ׷㣬ҪϢ
ʲôϢ
ܹ׷Ҷ֪ϢȻҪ
һϢŷʤܵ飬ѾĴƷңǵĺ䶯ѾɳƷƷʦԾ
ϢҶ֮УӶӮŷοʼҶ֪϶ôһ죬ֻû뵽ô졣
ڶϢǹλѵġ
Ҷʱһϸ˵
Ѿõ֤ʵλķѣȷǴӷ˽һˣҴڰ֮ǰ˾Ȼӷ˳Ǵ˷յĽɣҲŭЩߣѾɳ֣ĴѰǸӳˣ
ӳˣ
Ҷٴ𺳣û뵽ǾȻǱ߸һ˻˳˵˭᲻˳
֪֪ӳǸˣ
֪ҡҡͷǶ֪ҾͨҲֻ֪ǽϢ㡣
һ̣Ҷֱ飬ȫûͷ
ԼЩֵܣȻԼ֮Ⱥ˻죬һΣ֮С
Ǳ򼸴׷ɱȻ˵ǱһڽԨеӻˣ䲻δ
˳ǰˣֱӦ˳˳ȴҲڱ׷
ţҶ뵽ԼĶţ⹫Լһ죬ʱҲ㳤Լ֪ͬںδ
ѵ˵ǺԼĹϵˣܹƽƽҪʱʱ̿׷ɱ֮
ע˼еҶԿԸо˵ϣһޱߵķŭ
ɷŭΪˣתΣ۳һ㵭Ѫɫܡ
Ҳ΢΢һʵ֮ӽҶΪΪ棬ܾϿ϶ʲôܡ
ڿĲ²ⲢûдĿԼչʾˣ˾һ֮У޷̽
ǼƷʦͬʱӵǿʵŮɫģһеһУԼһ
Ҷ̧ͷһ˫Ѫ۾֮û˿¶ȣллˣĶ飬ҿ϶ᱨģǣ
˵֮Ҷתߣû˿ԥͲᣬ輸Ҫסˣ̲סҪһߣգȴѡĬȻվԭأעҶδԼǰʧ
쿪ʼҶƺʧˣôŬȥԼĹϵȴ˿ҲйĶϢ
һƬѩǵȸ½ϵĴѩԭؼããһƬûκε
һ۵ѩɽɽ֮УҶѾչһµʱ䣡
һµʱûûҹڰԴеһֻʱҪ˲١
ʼͬСɽһʯ嶼ݷһڶ̰ʯ̺
ޱߵӿɲڣʵľ磬ʮԶĵطһʯɽŰֵĵ棬ֻСצӻǿƷ쵤
ҲķʽҶ򵥵Ķ࣬ǳԺ˯ѣ˸ɺͼ֮⣬ҲûмܹҶ
账֪ѵҶ뵽˺ܶ࣬ҲʶҪıԼԼкԼйصֵǵĴΨһİ취Լǿ
ˣ¶˾ģе鶼ʱŵһߣȫԼʵһʮʯ̺ȫոɾͲٴγڻڣ


1347 ʮ
ռ䲻Сɽ֮УѾŨȻգȴâҹҫлƯ۾Ѫ긫䶦ɢɫⰺɣһƻõʱɾ
ѻɽʯУѾһ붼˷ʯ̺ȻȫҶͿеЩʥϷˡ
Ǻ̺ҶȴҲˣǲã
ֻӿط꣡
ȻҶյط֮⣬ҪѾͨѨλ׼ͨѨλ
ĿǰΪֹҶܹͨʮĸѨλ
ͨѨλõ㣬Ѩÿһһľ޴ڶһ̰
ҶҲѡѨѨλڽ׵λã˫ŸһѨλͨãͬոմ̫ͨԨѨһŵĹ
Ҳ˵ܹʮѨλҪЩ֮УΪҶĳû֣֮һͬʣ֣ټҲ
һµ죬ɽеѾŨĶҪγˮҶڣϴˢ壬Ѩλ֮ϣÿͨѨλһŵĺ⣬Ө͸Ŀֱӣ죬һɫĹߣЩѨλ
ڵҶ˵ѪпǸѪɫӰ
۾긫䶦ЩʥҲĺ֮سظͬڽ
ȻΪѾӵԼʶԼ
ڵ棬ܵ˼£һٳаʯֵҲ͸ƺҪĳֱ仯
ʼձڻеǿƷ쵤ıһЩɫİߵ㣬˿˿ƣȻڻıƷס
䣡
һ죬ѨȫͨһɹӿѨλ֮Уͬʱ˿Ѩ뵽ԭȾѾڵ֮УһһӰҶǰ
Ȼ˿ҶȻڱչ״̬ûѹƺ֪˴Ѫ֮г˳
ӰǸӣòʣֻɫе԰ףҲ֪ΪѪ֮вյԵʣˡ
ӺĴܣƯļʥ֮ʱϲ΢΢ɫȻϳǵ
Ȼһ׹Լٶ˹۾գһ£ָ㣬ͬ磬Ȼͽ׹ָ⡣
ף
ָ֮һֻ͸״̬İֵС棬óŭС۾ţݸһЦ
ҶһĻԻޱȵľȣٶ֮죬Ҳʰ·磬ȻȴɵĽץס
Цŵûм飬ľԣٶȲӦҲɣģҲǻˣҲҵˣ
ָָҶ˵֮ͻȻȻܹĳѾھƣǿлһ˿ɫѪ
ʱҶͻȻͬ죬гǧڵһ㡣
쳹ķֱɽ֮лͬʱҶܣʵγ֣ڿӡһһͼеǱׯϵĸɮеǰеչ߷ɵķˡ
Щƾֹһ㣬ϵڿи֣ۣʧܶʼ޾
ӵ¶˾ݣ˫Ŀ֮ͻȻҲŽɫâɽڡ
ɽ֮ϣȻ漣ĳһӰһƬѩǵ磬Ȼ˿̣Щ֪˶ıѩڻ
ѩ֮ǼӲʵĴ֮УһſССɫڷѿΪƬŵĴشһ˿
ȻȻ˼ָ⣬Ǵ˿Ҳ̲סķתͷƬӰССг˾֮ɫ
⣬⣬ѵڴ
˵ϲ𾪣пľɽ֮ľȻ֪ԼںδҶȻԼ۳ĵƣͽеıѩڻ³Σֻдʵ֡
ͻȻ䡱һһ촫һǿĳҶӿʵƲǽܣǿʼӿеЩʥƺŬʥ֮ġ̡
ҡҡͷʥãվԼԼ򵽵ġϣӶ١
仰£ҶͻȻ۾
ͬʱջĿ⣬ҶʮѣݼѪ֮


1348 
Ҷվ˫һգȵȻͬХһĺš
ƮŵʥȫԶڣÿһὦһĹâӳյе㲻ʵ
Ҷɫƽ˫۸峺ͬһ̶ˮû˿ĹâվƬںһȫȻ֮⣬С
ҶȻָĵǿ˾һƴз˼ٵġߴߴƺҶȡ
ҶЦˣûǶѵͷҽҶԺͱһƺΪͿˣ

˿ףи⣬ΪʲôԴѪ֮뿪
Ҷ۾ɲǾͷѵڲͬ״̬塣
ȻǰҲֹ⣬ҶΪܹӶĳ֡
ҲЦˣӵʮʼѺз˶Ƿˣˣ϶ȣҪԶԶˣңҵҲֻǵ꣬ں˵ػ꣬Ѫ֮޷ҵ굥ֻҴ뿪ˡ
ŶҶüëȻֻ֪ض곣⣬û뵽ѾȻѾںˣҲԼѾõʶ̲סŶԷ
Ҷѯʣѵ¶һ˿죺ûʶ
ǵģһǷ֮壡
ʲôɫ䣬˳һǷ֮壡
ǣ
õҶ϶Ĵ𸴣Ѻָܿƽʵʶķʽܼ򵥣Լ򵽵ΪŦʶʶӵһں֮󣬾ܵʶ
Ѵ󷽵ĽԼʶķ͹̣ԼҪע飬ϸ˵˳Ҷǳ
֮Ҷȴӿһɻ󣺡ļûбӡ
ӡˣҲ壬ܼܶණѲûϸ˵ԭ
ҶҲûм⣬Ǻʵ㻹ܼǵѪ֮ǰ𣿡
ǵã
ѵ񽥽ñĬƬ̺и󡣡
˵
鷳Ҵһ£йһԨġ
ȵȣ
ѽ˵꣬ҶѾ̲סڴϣղ˵ԨѵǴԨгģ
˵Ԩ֮ʥǰǡҶȻʶӦþԨеǸ塣
ǵġѵͷҾԨ壡
壡
壿ʥ
Ҷ֮Ϊʹ֪أûʥĴڣȻ׿ڳ壬ѲһΪؽѪҴʥ
к֣ܶӦȵȣ֮ǿѪͳģеҪ֪ʱѾûˣӦ
Ӧ
ҶȻ֪ӦϻһӦ֮ᣬӦ֮Ψһһֳг
ʵѵҶֻ֪׹ԭеģֻǿѾʧ
жǿ󣿡
ȻڣӦǻҪ֮ӣٴһɼԱȣźܴĲģȻ˺α˷
޵У
򵥵ĸ֣ѾǿҲֻ޵еĴڣŻϧץס֮ӣ
ҶΪпѯʵʱѵɫȻһ䣬˫֮ٴηɫĹâȻתͷɽڡ
ˣɱһ֮Уѵɱ֣
˿ѺҶλɽ֮УΧҶĲµ󷨣ȻˣȴȻܹܵɱֵټѲ³ʵԼߡ
ҶвһϲΪԼھȱʵǿİ֣ѵĳֱ֣ͬѩ̿һǳļʱ
ɱ֣ҪҵѾ׷ҺܳʱˣԭΪǸˣû뵽ǾȻ׷ҶЦŵãԿڵʵ׷ɱôˣҲֵҪϢˣ
ҶֱӻֳȥܵĽƣѲУɽ֮˳Ѿ¶ЩɫĲã֮ϡ
˿ڱĿҶȻ췢һХХ£ӰѾʧ
䣡
һ죬һѪ֮мҶȫ֣ʼɱɱ֣


1349 ʶ
ҪִͣȴҶֹΪҪԼڵʵ
һʺѪڰɫĴ֮ʢţĿġ
գ۵ʱѣҶѾ֮еɱ֣صѵߡ
Ԩʲô㻹ǵ𣿡ҶȫûһղŵĻ⣺ҲǰոյõϢ˵Ԩе˺ܳʱ䣬ոճ֣һֱӻҵļѡ
ղҶڵ֪Դ֮֮󣬾Ѿȷ˵Ϣġ
ΪĴڣȻ壬Ψһһ֣Ψһһֻܹʥ壬˷ĴڣȻ᲻ϧһд۵ı
ѳĬƬ̺ǿǿ󵽳󣬶Ҹ֮жĴڣ⣬ÿһλ޼ֱ֮ʳΪҲΪˣΪǴ鷳ѣ鶼Ҫūۡɱǡ
ҼǵҵһսǺһȺ˽֣սˣ֮ҾͱѪ֮Уҹ˳ħ죬İǰԨԨ֮ѾΪǿӡħ֮޷ͻƣɽɳӦҵǾʱԲòȡһ²ߡ
Ҷ⣬ͷˣ㻹ǵԨλ̫ԶĻǿھͶ
ģѵ¶˼֮ɫԭֻϣҶܹԨϢû뵽ҶȻֱӵҪԼȥ
ģҶЦŵҲøлңʵȥԨˣΪҵ
û˵תͷܣҶ֮ȻǻǵĶߣôԨͱȽԶ㲻ϴԽĻҲҪһµʱ䡣
Ҷüͷһµʱе㳤һ˾ǽ£ʦִ³صʱҲ쵽ˣ֪غΣԼҪȵ֮뿪
˼֣ڻǻе£ֻܵȵæ֮ǰԨˡҶǸĵ
ûϵҶѾô꣬ںٶһʱᣬȴԼ°ɣ
ã׼ٱչ죬ܲܵʶǼ棬Ѫȥ
ĻԸҲںʶĹ̵иһ
Ҷ뿪ڵлȴȻȻǾΣҶȴĿĴѸڵһ˿ɫ
ˣ
ëˣû£ˣϽչذɣЦЦȻǲ⡣
ҶȴһѪ֮˲֪ˣȻȻδ֪ƾԲʲôС¡
صɽ֮ҶչأһԻûв½ơ
۾ҶԼǿգϤһУȻʧΪѾܾöûʦˡ
ԭֻҪԼÿͨһѨʦԣʦӰȻӺܾ֮ǰûʦκεѶϢ
δͨѨҲͬΣʮֵʦ״ȥ롣
·Ǹʲôڰ
̾˿Ҷջ˼ųԼʶͬʱѾڵҶһģһĽɫͬҲų˻ʶ
ʶȻΣȴһĽɫεʶܿ콻һ
ԵΪŦӵһ𡣡
ʵʶͻʶԱ߸˳۳һص״ɮˣڷɵľŮƮ֮ȴ̺ŹӴ
ٴʶͻʶΧڵƵܿʼںϡ
̷ǳҶоԼǱһԹߣڹۿַԼȴֺԼ뿪Ķںϳһȫµ̬
Ȼ֮гһֺҶ鲻Խ̧ͷѭķȥ
Ȼʲôֺȴоһ־Υкڴ֪Լפ͵ػꡣ
ض֮ڲϵ˹˵ǼΪѵõ顣
֮ҶڳɹĽԼʶͻʶںϵһȫµʶ
ʶĳ֣ٽԶҪĶʶ˸ʶ͸
۾ҶͿ˴Цѡ
ϲ
ллҶЦŻӦվˣ뿪ɣ
ѽĵݵҶǰи顣


1350 
ҶЦֽӹ֣ԺҲô֣˵ʲô˵ʲô
ѵͷҿϺżʥǷƽʱʹõ
ǰɣҶѪеҲûҪʥĻ᲻࣬Ϊһһδӵмǵʵʥ̫ۣôˣ
ûԼһֵı
ҶȡѾŽصѪԼƵġ
ѪЦˣӦģħ۴˵ѪƳİɡ

ˡֱԣЩѾǳƷʥģƶѪǿ¶ʺģΪֻ򵽵Ĵ·̶ȵķӳ˵
Ҷеɻ󣺡ҲԽĵƣ뵽Щ氡
ⲻһʥȻγɣʱ̫ԶҲ֪ӵж˶λˣһõӦǴγһ죬˾ҪԼĴ·ںϣȻپϷĴһ𽥵Ʒף飬ֱﵽľ硣
ѵĻҶˣԼʦµ鼮ҲһƵ˵ɣ
õصģǻ̺ؼĴͷ򣬵ȻҲѳ֣һƳɹĻͼֵԲʥ
ղҿڱչ֮ʱЩʥҲḡֳ뷨ǵƳһרеħ۴˵Ѫһרͬ
ҲӦøħ۴һҲǿޱȣǿһЩӵһõ绢ϾڻǷ֮壬һжü
Ҷ˳˼̤֮·ƹһЩҲõһЩҶñĽã󲿷ֵʱ򣬶ǽԼǿʹá
ȻѪԼƵģܵħӰ죬ȫģѪƳɹģľԼҪ
֮Ҷͷ˵ĶԣҵȷûһרҵӣлĻҪһ
ԼĽ鱻ҶɣҲ¶Цݡ
ûʲôµĻҾȻѪˣ
ԣڴ֮ǰңƾô£ʲô취
ˣҵβõģħ۴ҲΪˣϧ׷һģҲٷˡ
УûԹô֪⵽ôõˣ
Ҷֵ̾˿Ǵ֮ˣʥҲû취
仰֮ѶҶʩһ񣬱㻯һѪ⣬Ѫ
Ҷȴڼ˼ʲôд֮ˣ
ߴߴ
ĽҶ˹ͷȥ˫ð⣬ſɫСͷֺõӡ
Ҷ֪ܲЩʲôЦŵպһһܳԵļһСԣʱ׽׽ɣܳԵ
ҶıչȻĵĴʯʮ飬ΪʣѾ֪Լһ·޵˾ҪǧƷʯ뻹ҪȥǺļΡ
ҿŵιԿԣôҲøȻҿҪˡ
Ʒ쵤汧һµʱ䣬ȻûƷףҶѾܹܵĳҩЧȷԵǿӣ滯ΪЧ
Ҷͳһٶʯ͵һ۾У뿪ɽ
ڱҪ˻ǣʦִˡ
˲ţҶֱӴԽ룬˲֮гԶԶĿǰһСӡ
ҶκεطֱͣӸϻػǵģǾҪٴδ˲ŵʱʵѪȴûκ׵ķһЩ
쳣ͣ˶üͷ΢΢𣬿ԶСѵ˵ʲôԼйص˻
ԥƬ֮Ҷȥޱߣܹͨ˲ҲһԵ֣βȥףⱲԼлˡ
Ӳ󣬽ֵ߸ɫ̶ţϵ˲࣬Ҷǻԭס񣬲ûΪϸ˵ֻͨˣÿ˵϶¶һַĵİ
һ֮ǰһֺƹںһλ·ĴżҳԱߣһСڵϸһС
һֱɱɱжɹվǰһУҶܵһɾΥֻͣص˶ʱҶĴ
֪֮䣬ҶҲԼĽŲ뵽֮Уѵõİ
ȻҶڵѪҺٴηһ£ȻתͷһССľƹݣųſһƵˣǽϣɹ̫һǱ裬СŮıתȦ


1351 
ƣͺܴĿߵСŮг۰
СŮĺƯ۾˵Ȼϴŵ·˺üϴķǳĸɾ
Ȼһ֣֮һǳͨĻ棬Ҷʵǿκĵط
ԼѪҺηڣȴҶ֪϶ʲôżȻۣٴοȥ
֮£ûκΡ
ԾǼΪƽû˿ĵطȫһ޶ͨˣϵȻš
СŮҲһͨĺӣֻҪһЩѪӦƽʱӪá
ʱҲע⵽ҶЦекС磬ǲǶˣ˵ĻͽԵ㶫ɣ
ԥһ£ҶЦŵͷðǾ鷳ˡ
Ҷ˹ȥվСŮҲͣԴҶϳ˺֮ɫ
ȻôСһӣұ˴˼϶ʶҶİСĺ档
СŮӣҶЦԴСһʲô֣
ȻСŮȴͻȻһ¶֮ɫ壬㣬ô
仰˵ҶʱסȫСŮ˼
СݣϹ˵˼æСŮҶЦС磬СӲ£˵
СŮȴĵĵûϹ˵үү棬һ
ҶȻԼڵԵ֮ˮıģԼòСŮ˼Ȼ˵Լ
ôܣ
Լ˲֪ٸˣĸ֣֮⣬û˻ɹ
ȻǰֻͨСŮȻܹԼ֮ˮ֮ص
СŮԲ򵥣
ҶԼҶ˵طѪҺηڣ¾ͺСŮйˡ
΢һҶЦеĵСһãȻ㷢ˣͲƭˣʵǱϷģ㿴
ҶԼĨһѣʱָԼԭȵòСŮֿƬ֮󣬲Сĵͷڣһˡ
ǰ嶼˵ǱϷģٸһ
Ҷ̯ƣ֮гһµʵһռ䳾ݵСŮǰ͸ˡ
СŮȻе㵨ӣǿƯȻʮϲ۾ҡҡͷүү˵ˣҪ˵Ķ
ʱЦŵС磬ôصĶϽȽСҲûʲôöֻһЩֲ赭
Ҷţ˵Ȼ֪ԼǱϷģһλߣֻƶѡ
ȻҲҪԼĶֻȽ߽˾Ƶꡣ
ɣŪʲôС
ϣһᡣ˵ͷתСŮСӣλ˵˵үүȥԵİ
֪ˡСŮɵĵͷ
ȥæˣҶСŮ˵ŻȻСŮʼʱенǺܿͺҶ
ͨ죬Ҷ֪СŮͽСݣүүڸĸûӡ󣬷¿ʼͺүүס
˵Ż˶һڵļ棬ҶҲӾʹ
֮Ҫʰ꣬ȴҶסɣҪûʲôµĻĻɣеҪһ¡
ðʲô£µС顣
ѾжûĹ˵ˣ˿϶Цݣƶչ˿
ɣôƺ
С磬ҪǲĻͺһϲˡ
˲˵ԼҶûж룬ͷϲһֱס𣿡
ǵǣסҲмʮˡ
ֻͺС𣿡
ǰ˵ͷС磬ȥ裬Ǳߺȱġ
˵֮վȥ裬ҶһʶԷڹ㿪⡣
ʱҶɫȻһݣΪомС֮УӦǶˡ
Ҷʶ֪һУҪǿ֪ķǳܹƹ
ҶЦſСݵСݣҪظղŵˣҪһҲ˵ȥŶ
һĨҶָֻǰģһ̣ſѾ߽ˣ
ϴŵķΣҶһ˿⣬˾Ȼҳ֮һҵˣ


1352 ǰ
ôһݷСϼˣѾҶеˣû뵽ǣֵľȻǷҵˡ
Ҷйһ¾룬СǴа˾ʮԶ˵Ĵӻĵش۹ܸǵҲʲôϡ£ؼΪʲôǻϣҺɲɵҲСƹݡ
Ҳֻ·ġҶôţΪ˱鷳ǲɫƶ˽䡣
ȻСݿʱȴǶʱĹĵģǺǻˣ
С޶Ҫǿ̫Сƾһ仰Ҿɱ㣡
һ˺ĵ
˵䣬ѾȻҲ˽ҶȴҲû̫ע⣬ֻӵСݣүүأôҲ֪кһ£ƹݻ벻뿪ˡ
ҶѾˣҲģ˵ӦǾԵĹҲ£ȻСݲֱ˵˵ǻˡ
СƹݹȻеܡ
ʱѾҴҵ˳ƵϼЦݵ˼ڳûλĪĪ֣Եʲô
ôĿһĵ˼ʲôʲôǺãȸһһ
ЦλС磬Ǵ˴Īͷǲˡ
ôģǲǲ㲻𣿺ߣͷ˵ǰܿ񰡣ôôˣ
ͷ
գҶڵѪҺȻٴηҲ֪ѪҺڵԭˣ
գǺɣҶĸ׼ҾգѪ嶫ң
ͷȻնҾͳԼߵѪҺȺηڣҶԿ϶ԷӦþѪ֮ˣ
û뵽û뵽ԼڻڼѪˣ
ҶеһЩɻѾ⿪ðһЩµ⣬ǾΪʲôΪѪ壬ȴȻͨˣΪʲôҪСϿ˸ƹݣѪʲôطأ
ͷ˽粻ͬΪĵشﲩԵеϵˣ뷽跨һ齨ҲãҲãΪľܹøȫȥ
塢塢ҡһˡ
Ѫڻе˱Ͳ࣬ӦŽ˵
ЦݵһֱʲôʱλСһˡ
ף
һһͻȻһӣֱӽĳƬָŶɵԴӵƢɱˣ㲻ΪʲôǷҪһǸһˣ˷ǵʱ䣡
СԱסˣܵɵ󣬽ץ½ǣḷ̌һСݵĺ󱳣һ߲ͣĶ˵ͷĵԲסԲס
ߣˣϼһĺúõģǵҲˣϣ´ʱѾˣ
˺ݺݵĵ˶һۺڴ󲽵뿪ˡ
ֱǵӰʧ֮󣬶ɲżæʼŵ۴޵СݵСݹԣ˰Ѿˣ²ˣˣˡ
ò׽Сݸˣ̧ͷȴָղλԷС粻֪ʱҲѾ뿪ˡ
վӣ̾˿ɽСݷŵãԼɨ㿪ʼʰӵƬ
˴ҡڵ뿪Сӣڻԭ֮У޼ɵĴ̸Цš
ǸղſǸͷŵöҪˣҶЦˣ
ǰղŶ磬˵ͷǰһ˲ƷңھȻӡ
˵ʵһ治ţǸͷǰô֪ô⸱Եġ
˵ʹԳ֣ɷˣֻǲ֪ΪʲôһӲдĻȥɣ
˵ˣǰˡ
ǰԶվһˣ泯һվš
ʲôѵ˸ҶǶֲɣףôе찡ⲻǸղͷӾƹǸ𣿡
˵仰֮˵ɫһ䣬ȻţȻǸҲʵϵġ
뿪ƹݵʱļǵ˲ûߣһ·ϣǸûκεĶҲûиܵκεȻȴܹԼ˵ǰ˵ԷʵҲǲС
ҿӣƺڵȴԼˡ
ˣȻҶ
֪ɵ֮͵͵뿪ˣȻֵܹġ
ȴǣΪҪΪղ趫ɵΪۡ


1353 ʮ
˭ʲô
֮˿ǰҶʡ
ҶޱĿǣͻȻͬˮһ۷˲ָ˱ò룬ӦʶҰɣ
һ㶣Ǻܿ˾㣬Ҷ
ҶĻ۹ȸ֮ûмҶҲĳġ
ң
ߣ㣬û뵽㷴Լˣĺãɱ㣬ϵĺöҪˣ
Ȼ֪ҶݣҲ˵Ҷ¼ǶЩûоеĻ˵ǸҶô
һӷ˽ˣŶ̶ʱ䣬ǿǿȥأοˣҲеӹ֣Ƕĸ֣ὫҶ
ΪҶ֣ɾǵǰ;
ɱ
˵Ҳɱϣû˿ԥͬʱ֣Ҷ˹ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾҶΧҶȴûʲôӦȺ򣬾ΪɱЩˣ˿ˣɫƽ˫֡
䣡
ָͬɢĹâСգ嫵ѹǽ񷶼Ϊ֮ͬʱҶѹ
ৣ
ʱҶͬⱬ䣬˳
һ⣬һ׹⣡
ޱȣͬиֽһ׵Ľϣ׹ҫ֮£ܵ¶Ȼ½˲ͱһƬ˪˿С
Ҷ¶ЦⲡͷΪ꣬ǽϵʥ澵ӣΪۣǱϵʥǲҪҽ͸㣬Ҫûˣ
ʲô
ͬޱߺֳ֮һ˪ҶĻÿ˵ȴǶ¶𾪺̰֮ɫ
ʥ
ʥ
еļ£ҶȻܹӵھԼǰ
ɱƽʥ
˼ͬʱ󺰳
𣡡
һХͬ쾪ףء
긫Уһֻɫľ޻ڶ
ۣ
ʵ͵ˣֱӱ긫ϣϳأȴûе£ΪѾ
ͬʱҶͻȻ֣Ȼǿֱӻȭһˡ
ٶȿ쵽˲˼飬ǿ޿ɱ⣡
סֱһȭҵķ飬ȭƲͣһǰ
ǡۡ˾ͬһȫҶһƬѪ궼ߣʧ֮䡣
գ۵Ĺ򣬷ֻʣһˣǸմǳ趫ɵġ
ʱ˿̣ѾȫɵˣԼ۾ҶȴеĻҪĶĶ࣡
Ȼܣ屻۾ͷסĺסˣߡ
ҶͣΣһ߹ȥضҲ
֪Ϊʲôһ𣿡ҶϴЦݣЦȴͬܵ¶һޱȡ
ﻹ˵óֻĿҶԼԽԽеĿ־Ѿ˼ޡ
Ҫ֪еһУ
ҶüѿɫС˳˫֮һ⣬ֱڶԷüС
ҶʶѳɣҪٳ˵꣬ʶɨ֪ԷвŵһС
ϧǣ񷽼ִĵӣΪ˷ֹͨ̽ķʽ֪еܣ֮жнƣһͻԶը
ҶڶԷ걬ըǰ˲䣬һ˵ϢֻǺͶɲûκεĹϵǺͻǵĹĹйأ
۹Ϊ׵ʮΪƿĹȻһ֮ϹĹӡκļι򶼲һΣʮȫԼӵеǿ
Щڻϵʱ䶼ҪΪλÿһޱĵ̣ȻǾȻҪϵһĹҶòʼģʦµЩӡûпܱơ
һƣȻйūԣҲԲô˵Ķ֡
һҪϻȥڴ֮ǰȽɵ˵
ҶһεĻصСƹ֮У˶ҶȥԵе㾪ȣС磬ôֻˣ
Ҷûлش𣬶ߵſڣιϣȻվɵǰৡһ֮һѪɫ档
Ѫ֮ڵطֻѪѪˣʩչ
ɣҽҶж죬⹫жԣǷ֮ѪѪĵʮ峤


1354 һٶ
ҶĻ£˫Բɣʹţ촽⶯¶š
㣬㣬㡭
̫˸޷˵ȫСݼæܹС֣үүǰĦҶҲ߹ȥ˷£ҲǰѪˣ·ѪҺͻȻڣҸо棬Ǿ˽ղ뿪ǽǼ˸ˡ
Ҷ򵥵ĽԼֵԭ˵˳˵ҲƽҶϸпǧû뵽֮꣬Ȼܼҵˡ
ʲô飿Ϊʲô۹Ҫ鷳
ҶͬΪˣҪ˽һ˵ľӶ뵽İ취
Ͼոɱˣºܿ˵Ѿ֪ˣǱȻ˹鿴ʱ˵ĴΣա
ҽжѪʮ峤Ѿǧʱˡ
ʼľȻҶ⹫үүҲҶ棬ϵĺܽ
ŶĽҶ˫ȭսҲɱ⡣
Ѫ֮˲űÿһ˻뵽죬ڣ˶䲻Ķ֮⣬ѪѾȫˡ
Ǳ۹ɱģɱԭܼ򵥣Ϊ۹˵Ѫżη壬ηȻԴѪֵλ
һλѪ۶棬һλħ죬ҲѪڶʮ峤졣
ˣѪһ죬ǳĸֻҪ¶ݣ̾ͻῪʼ׷ɱֱ
ҲΪʲô궫ԸҶ˵Ѫвǰ죬ȴû˺ͷ˽йϵԭ
ҲһţȻûбλô֮ľѪҺԴѪ۵һЩ䣬һЩطӶʵ˴ȵߣڲϵı׷ɱǿĻ
ϧʹ֣Ϊȫϵһͨˡ
ʹƺҶİΪѪڶ죬Ҳҳ֮һ׼ҵİ׷ǵĿ
˵˻ۣ𴫵ľλʹҳ֮ϣʵɼǿ
˵ͣҶ̲ס׷ʵ棬Ϊʲôɱأ
ЦЦȻʼչɵԼϵСݵԴСݣȥүүˮүүˡ
ã
Сվȥ˳ȵ뿪֮󣬶ѹΪСݣ
Сݣ
ȻҶҲСйŹ֣Ϊܿ͸Լίʵ벻ףΪʲô۹˻ΪСݶŹ棿
СݲҵŮںܶǰ񵽵һӡ
ȵȣҶ˲ԾϵܶǰСݽˣ
ҶӦѸ٣ĵͷҼСݵһĻСݽӦѾһٶˣ
Ҷ䡱һ¾վʱСöһˮ˽үүˮˣȡ
ССˮ˫۽űеˮƺ»ὫˮӣҶֱ޷ţСŮȻѾһٶˣ
Сݹԣүү˵ỰȥСòã
ӹӣЦеĵ
ŶСתͷҶ¶˿ɰЦݵ壬ȥˡ
ȥɣҶлعĿСݱı뿪ˡ
棬⵽ô£
Ҳ֪ҡҡͷСݵڣʼձӣΪˣҲ˲˿˵ȻеһⶼûС
ʱ䣬𲻵κεã
涼֪ô£ҶȻ벻ˣֻͷʵѵ۹Ϊ֪СݵĲѰԲŷŹģ
ʱ򣬶¶һ˿ãһ˼˰ʵģΪʲôҲ֪
ļǵãһٶǰһ죬ԼСݣʹһսվУڶԷҪɱԼʱСݺȻӲŵɽп޺˳ʹС֮ͻȻ͸ı⣬ûɱԼֻǷԼȫΪȻת뿪ˡ
֮۹ҲûҹԼ鷳ԼȻסˣƼأСݣججڻ˺ܾá
ֱʮǰԼС򣬿˸Сƹݣǲٴγ֣ҲԼ֣ÿһΣԼ鷳뿪ˡ
ӦڼСݣ
ǶóΨһܵɡ


1355 ûв
ҶһۼСݵʱ򣬲ûиеʲô֣ǵСݿھ˵Ҷʱе𾪣֪СŮȻѾһٶȴȻӣҷǵòûб仯ƺҲͣʵ̫ˡ
ܶ˵ʵ̫ĲҪ˵ƽֻʱƽ񣬲ǿʱվĨƽһУȻڣСӣʱ侹Ȼûá
ҶҲ˵Ļ۹ﲢΪ˼棬Ϊ˼ӣΪѾǸˣ˵ǹӲдʱ޶࣬ʵûκֵӵıҪΨСݵ쳣˵ע⡣
棬ûȥСݵأ
ȻʲôҲСݵļҲֻ֣ܼסʱ䣡Ҳ˵ÿ֮꣬ǰļȫʧȻ¿ʼҺദһٶ꣬Ҳǲסˣܼסֻǰ
侹ȻҲʧȻӵĲ˼飬ȴΪʲôҲʼͣҡ
ܹסһֱڵ飬һٶļ䣬¶СԴű
˼Ҷ̾һЩȻɻأҲŪˣ⼸ʮȻûΪȴⱲӹƽһӣС飬Һοһ˶ˣҵ֮Сô죬óˡ
ɱ˷ҵˣӦúܿͻˣϽСݣ뿪ҲҪˣ
ҶæҡͷУ棬ȻΪ˼СݣôСݲˣǿ϶㲻ġ
ҲǺǣҵʱ䱾Ͳˡ
ȻԼѾûκεľûСݵĴڣ취ԼҶĳ֣Сݵ⣬û˺֮ǡ
Ҳǿģһ۹Ϊ֮ɵ߳ƵǿߣͻȻһ޸֮ˣ־޴һ˿Գܵģˣһ˰ʱ䣬֪еĿɬ
ȻҶ⣬ȴҲͬⶫ
棬Ҳ㣬ϣҵĹ¡
˵ʵҶҲȷʮֺ棬ʱȻҲԣͷ˵š
Ҷ˵򵥵ĽԼѡԵ˵һЩǿԼĴԵУ衣
棬ںҪ˰ңң⹫ҲӶѾʱˣ䲻˵ֻҪ˷ѪˣôȻɱ֮ҲҪϽҵ
ܲҶ˼Цһһٶǰ㣬»ȥҲҪ㣬ڣǸ˰
棬Ҹղ͵͵ڵĵﻹڣֻû˳δûлָĿܣ
ҡͷܣ֪ԼòҪһĿʼɣ룬ҵҲˡ
棬¼ûвܵ£Ҹˣ𣿡
ʲô˫ٴεԲĶҶ㲻ˣ
ǵģڵľ磬Ӧֻ鳾ı䣬˻һβ̵·ҪߡΪܹҶȰһڻһɱˣ⴫ȥͬ˾òܣʵ
ţҶͷϸֳ˻긫۾䶦Ҳ˳
棬㣬һͬʱӵʥǲҲòܣǾǽϵʥϵʥˮϵʥ
ıҶ˵е㶯ˣΪҶϣȷ̫಻ܵʵ
Ҷնĵ棬ң϶а취ܹΪģʱǺúõ۹ʹˡ
Ĭ֮󣬶һҧһţһͷãҾ͸ߣȻҲҲҵƹ֮УҲҪеֵ
ĻҶ˿棬²˳٣ھ͸ϽɣһҪȥǡ

߳ȥСݸ˻ָҶСݣסԺ󲻹ܷʲô£㶼Ҫλ磬Ҳүүһչ㣬֪֪
СݺҶģȴ˸磬û취ţôҲδѣԷԼһ˲⣬СҲܸҶߡ
ССԴҶ˰֮ͻȻһЦҶſ˫ֵ磬


1356 а
С˵ԼүүҪҶ뿪ʱ¶һ˿ȸԾ֮ɫȻ˵ܹȥ磬һʮֵ˷ܵ顣
ȻҶöʰʵҲûʲôʰЩֵǮľ·֮ࡣ
վƹݵſڣٴλͷĿһۣϾ˼ʮʱ䣬ҲⱲƽļʮ꣬Ȼһֲᡣ
ϾҲǳˣһ۹󣬱ȻתҶСѾǰһˣ뿪С
뿪ӣҶΪŶСݣҴ˲ţֻŶڿзУһٶȻࡣ
ʱ䣬ֻҪһ·˳Ļ϶ܹһ֮ڸϻػǡ
ͬʱҶҲ˼ŸΰСݣϾʼոԼߣĿǰͨˣԼĵǱ£Լ̫Σա
Ҷ뽫͵Դ壬תһ룬Դͬܵ˵ע⣬ټԭͲƽİԴ彫Ӳðˡ
˷ɳȥԶʱҶüͷȻһǰһȺˣӦǷҵˡ
ɫصȱܱܰɣһˣһҺСݣ²ǵĶ֡
ããպұȻҪȥݷ÷ңڽһպҲٸ֣а֣
ҶһЦŶ䵽˵棬˴ïʢĲݴʱȶһᣬԼȴǴģߵ·м䣬˫ֱ׿졣
Ƭ̹ʮӰԶŮȫˣǵķΣǷɡ
ӣڵķҪһЩĻᣬֻҪ̫Σյж˳
֣Ϣô꣬úúû½˰ɣ
ҶЦеĽѴѪ֮ٻ˳һ۾Ϳ߷ɹӰһЦңôˣǾȻֹϵķ̡
Ѷ֪ң֪۹ҳʷ֮ƾá
֣ðһ䣬ʵǣ
û֮ܵǰۣ࣬ڣֻܷӳһʵȻԸǰЩûġѵ֮гźͰ
飬ҶİںǵͬӣΪʥޣΪħӵеһְǣ
ѺȻҶòҪϣǵϣǰҲ֪ǴӵʮʼܷӶٵʵҪʵǶ죬ô죬Ҳܵӡѹƣֻܷӳʵ

ҶʱԭĴڣҲǣЩȫܹӳԱѪ֮ʱʵΪѪֻ֮ҪŬʮУ飬ȫԽȥ
ǰǡİϧֻȳڵʮʼʵѹƣ˵ףΪѪ֮ǣѪ֮Ѫ˲ԣʵк
ҶЦЦɣֻжս˵ܲܶԸЩأ
س֣һ˼ɣٴΰȻһЦ
ʱʮҲ˽ǰע⵽˵ϵҶӿ£סѾָ˱òҶ
㣬Ҷ
ȫɫϳҶ
ҶЦݣͷңǰˡ
ʲôһŮʵ
Ǻ͸ղžȥ
㡭ɫ䣬ΪԼͬٳδ飬ѰңҶĻȻѾҶĶ֡
ôĵӣ
ȻǶڶҶŭĿ򣬵ȴû˸Ҷ֣Ϊ֪ͬʵȻҶɱˣôҲδҶĶ֣˵ҶĴţʵ̫ˡ
ǲҶҶȴ׼ŹǣѾߵǵһǰһΧ
һ̣ʮҵӸܵɽѹǸεм䡣
Ůӵ߳һȫȥ
ʮҲĬ̷ֳɣֱҶͬʱ˹
˵ʵ⼸ҲһеٮٮߣȻȲϷȻССͱ죬һһɲɺӵֻϧǽǸո˰ʯҶʮǰͿ۵ѡ
ҶҪ̧𣬴ӡʩչһֻѪɫĴͬһСɽһӿиǶ¡
Ѹֱӣſһŭ֮һȥ
˱ӡ֣ܣһĵĿѪڵϻȥ
õǿоˣһգ˹ǶϽۣͬز
ת֮䣬Ѿһ룡


1357 
Ҷ֮£գ۵ĹѾȺ˸ȫֻʣǸŮӣ˿ͷɢĿ˵Ǳ⣬һˣʱܲ
ԭȻΪЩСǵõҲǻ⣬ԻС߶ɳһλ곤ǿ߸档
ҲЩ˵ùǵ屾ǺһģʱеҪ죬ȥû뵽ͽ·
ҶüëһһЦѵΪǵҺΣҾһ·
˵֮ҲԷֱһƽУʱҲ˹Ҫڴ˵صǵ壿
ҶͷҺ۹֮䣬Ʊǲ֣֮Դ֮Ķ֮еˣʶһ£Щ곤ǿ߾жǿ
ȻһϵӺ𣺡ʵ۹Լڸ֮ʵķֲǴͬġ
ǣСݣӲݴ֮˳֪ˣ³Ҷйأûеơ
ȻСڿ֮ͻȻ˶˫ֽץסүү·¶η֮ɫĵүү£ųĴ
仰һ˵ɫȻ䣡
еӦһųĴСŮȻܹһۿ͸ίʵ̫˼ˣ
ҶЦŵ֣ɲҸģԼġ
˵ͬʱҶһϢѿһ޴ѷ죬з˵ʬȫ˽ȥ
СݿѪȵĳ档
üëעСݣȴûѯԭ
ҶҲŶ棬Щʵֲʲôģ
һ˵֮жˣСľǺС֮еղЩǵĴʵ嶼һͶ֮䣬ܳٮٮߣҲᳬ졣
Ҷͷ϶˵еļҵ£ǹϵ֮ӣȻʹչس죬ǸԼĸоӦǳʧܣԾڶؾŽңûдﵽ졣
ڷȻǧ˪ص裬ǵľ綼ᳬ졣
ǿе壬ǵˣҲǸмЩСǶ죬󲿷ֶѾ죬ʵס
ڶˣʵļɵȵȣڵڶ
µľǵһˣЩ˵ʵ϶죬϶ּᣬǼ¶棬Ϊ˵ʱ޶࣬κ鶼ǵע⣬һ֮⡣
Ҷŵ
ĵһˣҶˣڻǵĶķ֮ЩϼһȻˡ
ԣܹ˵ҩȵȳ֣ǲŻȤĻǲ£еڼ֮бչأϣͻƣ뵽һ죬еĴѰܹķ
˵̾˿ԭΪ˻죬Ϊˣܳϣǵ֪ԭҲǻġ
ѺȻʵǰˣһ˥֮
ˣҲǱȥΪкܴĻͻ˥ࡣ
˵ĶԻҶ̲סʲôһ˥֮
Ҷһ۵ҲǳϣԶ쵽յʱ򣬻˥ףͽ˥࣬ԡˮǵһ˥࣬ͻƣôͻõͬǳһʱ󣬻ӭڶ˥࣬ԴƣܹоŴ˥࣬ԳΪ˾˥
ܹȫͻƣĻǻ˵ĿǰΪֹûгֹܹͻƾŴ˥ˡ
˾˥
ȻҶ֮ǰѾʶ˻û뵽˵Ȼ׳֣ܹоŸס
ѽŶĻҲûܹͻƣ˵У·ϣͿȫͻ˾Ŵ˥࣡
·
·
ҶȻ̧ͷ·Ǹʲôڣ
Ѷһ֮ȻԥҪҪҶҶȴǶˣ棬֣֪ΪҺãԸڸй·飬Ҫһ£Ǿħ죬ҲѪڶʮߴ峤죬ܾܿͱ·ϣ
ʲô
ѲԼͬͬʱ̧ͷ
Ҷ϶ĵͷûƭǣҽӵħ췢ȣ˵֪Լʲôط˴Ʋ⣬ܾܿǱ·ϣ


1358 ·
ȻҶĻ𾪵ˣþ
ѹ췢һ̾԰ôû뵽ħ۵ʵ˻Ķ֣ôֻܻǱ·
֮̾ѶҶɫصĵй·ʵ󲿷ֵ˶֪Ǹ֮УҲֻЩһ͵ڶ˵
ҶΪȻǧ˪ſͨ·Լʱ׷ʣϧҲǴʦĿƾѯʣʦȴϸ˵
ǧ˪Ϊ¥֮ŮպпܳɳΪŮۣλͬСɣûʸ֪֪·ء
·ʵ˵ˣͨһδ֪ĵ·Ǹδ֪磬ܿھ죬Ŀǰ֪֮ϣ
Ǹеˣ˵Ѿĳϲ𣬿ĴڣǱ˳Ϊɣ··Ѱɵĵ·
ȻԹھ֮жɵĴڣȴûκܹǸ磬ΪǸеģȴҲ˼ţǸǴڵģΪ·õ֤
·û֪ģģܴһ죬пܴڷ˽磬ȴȷʵڵģΪ·֮ǰףкܶ˶Ŀù·ĳ֡
˵·ֵʱ򣬿Կ콵ʣ죬ĿԶĻܿһЩ֮е̨Ӱζȫһ硣
е˻ᾭܲջ󣬶Ȼ̤·Ҳ˻⣬һй·Ĵ˵Щ˵ġ
֮·һϣЩӣʵﵽһ磬޷ͻƵ˵һϣˣԣÿ·֣кܶУǴӹȴû˵ܹ·ġ
һԼ֪й·һж˵˳Ҷ֮ԭأþ޷ع
Ϊһʵ̫ˣ
˭뵽֮⣬ȻĴڣһĳ磬ˣӦóΪɣǲϲڣʱѾȫû壡
иֳһ仰ʱҶͻȻתͷСݣ
˿̣Сſڶϣ˫°ͣŹ£ҲǴ㽺֮ɫûע⵽ҶڿԼ
ҶľٶȴöʶˣǶϵɫȻ䡣
ȻҶ뵽ͬһ⣬Сݵϣʱͬãһֱڵӻһٶ꣬Ǹ˵еɵΣһ
ǣѵ˵СݣǸˣ
뷨ҶͶҵͬʱҲԼˣΪʲô۹˻ҪСˣΪ֪ܿСݵĲѰҲԼͬ뷨ΪСǸ磡
ͻȻһԴˣ۹ÿȻÿ¶ǣǻһһԲظˣ
ҶӦЩǱͬ뷨ˣǵ֪йСݵ쳣
ҪǴͷβһÿһһСݣô֮ǾܲСݵ쳣Ҫһһˣ겻ظ
۹˵ĿģҲ𾪣Բ֪Сݵ䡣
СݴлعգŴ۾ǰ˵үү磬ôңСû
Ǻ֪飬ҶҲ뵱СݵЦеĶӵСûǾСݿɰԲŶ࿴۵ġ
ҶСݱѵ֣ҸıˣǾ뿪Ի鷳һ£ҵһ̡
֪СݵҪ֮Ҷðһ˿գһἴķ˿ĸ֣һԼĶ֣ⲻ󣬵Ǻܻܿᱩ¶СԼߵʵԱҪ⡣
Ҷֳٴһ£ȷûκ˿̺֮һ𣬴ŶСݣŻǸȥ
һ·֮ϣûгκε⣬ѵİٶҲǿ֮࣬󣬻ǾѾңң
ȻҶһȴǾˣΪѾԿգ֮ϣӰڷмۣǵĿֻһĹĹɽȣ
ѵ˵Ĺʱǰˣ


1359 ѰҰ
ǣ
ѺͶ϶¶˼֮ɫǵҲĳͣϧѾ̫õʱûˡ
ҶʦִİΣ»һò˼ѯһ£֪ĹӲûǰȻǶڰ֮ЩǵõϢӻ˷Ϲֵġ
ʮ֣
һʢҲδܼһΣȻ˭ҲԸ
ҶʱŶȻ˹Ĺһڣ뵽˹Ĺ֮С

ūͻȻôˣе㾪ȡ
ʦôˣ
Ǻǰһûʲô仯
ȻѪ׻ǺҶ뿪ʱһ˽ӷ촦͸ѪҺ֮⣬ûı仯
ʦʱѹ𣿡
ûУԴǴҽ칭ųȥ֮󣬾ûѹˡ
Ҷʱ䣬Ѿȥĸ£һ˳ĻʦִӦÿҪĿųˣҲ˵ʱؼһʱڣ𲻿κ˾ŵȻܹܿһ
ǰ˵ʮǸǿ׼ʦֲµķӡܹ֧ŵס𣿡
ūȻҲѾ˵£¶֮ɫһĹӡɵסʮۼĸ֣Ҳ뵣ģĶõʥĻǿеΣա
ʹõͱΪΪǿҪԺʥÿһǰʱ򣬶ὫԼĵ£ظԵļɣҲЩΪǿ̡
ûг۵ЩȻûеǾԻʥΪ̡
´಼µķӡǿʮֳʮֹпܱơ
ˣٵǣһӡƵʱಢûѹǸô죡
ūǿ칭ҲֻˣʣµЩ˭Ը
ҶĿǰȥҲֻܶԸĸ֣ҲͬˣҶٺƤ̫ħǰʵȻơ
ʵĲ̫⣬ҶǸûһʤ㡣
Ƭ̣ҶڵūǰûʦµĿԴݵĶ
һ֧
˵䣬ū֮иֳһ֧Ѫɫʸͨɫ⻬羵ϸ֮£ּᷢʸڲ̺Ѫ֮ơ
Ȼ֧ͬ˵Ǵӳεһ𣬾ͱѪ֮ϣͬһ·ɳ
ܹ֧˻Ѽ۲ƶɵģ֧ҷģ֧ڣڣ֧ӡסˣȻĻһ־ͻ칭Ĺ
ūԥĽݸҶҶֽӹʦ֣ȥתתܷҵһЩ֡
л
ˣҲҵʦ֣ЩӦġ
Ҷ뽫СڹĹ֮У뻹գһСŮڹĹɲʲô⡣
뿪Ĺ֮Ҷֱӿѵ֣ڵʮУ֮⣬жܹ
ҡҡͷûˣΪ̫ͨխǻ֧࣬ͨܳģ
ʵҲҶ֮е£Ϊڸ޷ɽʮ
֪ˣȥʱ򻹵鷳㡣
ˣӦġ
ҶСݸҪ̣ȻСݿڵ磬ղŹײеǸӺÿ£Ѫۣ͸˯һ
Ҷһæ׷ʵСݣղſ˹ײе
ˣǸֻǰװ׵ģطǺͨͨġ
΢һҶ֪ʦִڵΪѪ˵ˣʦڻѪͨС˵Ѳ³еѪӦѾȫˣֻʣԴϵѪҺû꣬ԼǰĲһӦÿҪ󹦸ˡ
ŶСݽ˻ǣҶһǰ뿪ʱҪӵ֣Ĵ֮˼ˣ˰ˡ
СͻȻ俴ôˣĿĸֽ۾ֱˣС˵ģԵüΪļ
˰֮Ҷòҵ˼ҿջȴ֪Ѿû˷䣬Ҷֱ˦ʮʯȻϾˡ
棬СݣϢһ£Ӷˣû͵ԵĹȥ£ܿͻ
ȥæɣõǡ
ȻΪûˣḻȻ֪ҶҪȥҰ֣ȻʱҶҡ
Ҷ֮ҪҼջʱǣҲΪ˱Ҫ鷳۹Ӧò֪СѾ˻ǣܷ뿪


1360 ķ
ķ
ǳڻڿĶķȻ۹ģ޷ͬ۹ȣŽǰܿȻûгۣ֮Ժ͸ͥ
ǿԭ򣬳õ֮⣬ԭһܹͳ๵ͨʹ档
˵ؼ飬Ȳ࣬Ҳ壬ǳӣ
ͨϣһѵܾҪһеȳܹʹ棬ȷʵóӵŵʱ
ҶڵòȲǱ࣬ҲǶĵ֮ʱò֮ǰոջȫµò
ˣĳֲûκ˵ע⣬Ҳϣġ
ԽԽӿǣҪۿʮֹĹʢȻҲĸʩģǲȱٵģԶķ֮Уͷͷ
ҶɲǶĵģΪѰҳˣΪ֮żԨԴȻŷԨԴôǿ壬Ȼ
칭һڹĹϿյʱ򣬳һЩֵȷǰۿλҶʾã˵ǣֻҶðգԱҪȷ֮󣬲˵һЩ
ȻҪµˣȻҪǰλڶķĵھŸ䣬Ҷ֮УȻһЩйص̸ۡ
˵ûУ۹Ķķֿˡ
ʲôֿˣѵǹعţʱŵĻǿʧ
һǸǰɣǰʱ䣬ƷŷҵżƷʦŷʤһλѡ۹ĶķڶԶĵ˵𣿡
ϻôµȻ˵ˣһ˵ĴƷҾȻɳϣ׼Ǹ˱أ
˵꣬Դ˺ŷʤĶԶĽ֮û죬۹Ķķ͹ˣǻ߼һЩƷʦ͵͵ĽھŸ֮еЩҩ˲١
Լв
ҶѾˣԼϴκŷʤԶĵʱ򣬱˴˶Ǹ֮пܴŵ
κ˶ŲɿܵջΪԼŷʤǷ򵤣һ𣬿վûҵ
ӣ뿪֮۹ΪҵŵԹЪҵƷʦҩ
ĴеһλƷʦų㽫еĵȫҲһܹҵ
ΪѾͨ飬ǵҩķ룬ڵߣ˵뿪ˣ
۹Ҳȷǰæһ󲻵òִ򿪶ķ⣬һǵ⻹ĺõĳ棬ÿ춼˳Уһ˿ܹҵϣ
Ҷа⣬ԼҲӦȥ۹ĶķһˣԼܷҵǿŵΪĿǰ˱ʦ֮⣬Ҫ취ָΪѵĴ֮ˣȻõѡˡ
Ҷ˵ھŸ䣬ͬɽ˺ڷһ컨ϣȻһž޴֩һУ˫۾ҫĴÿһˡ
ȻҶҪҵˣҶԼͨʶ˶ԷԺǰУҹһЩ顣
䣬ȻתͷֱҶϣһϵѹҲ˲佫ҶҶȴǲɽվϾȻ¶΢Ц
ҶƬ֮ҶԼ˿ͷһǳ֮ˣҲ˵ֻǳҶ˵ͷȻתߣҶȻ档
ڳ֮˵Ĵ£Ҷ뿪˶ķǰȻʣﾹȻж죬һƬһͷ֣֮⾲ףϼεΪľ
ӵһȵɫӰվƣƮ첻
ҶĿãȻвȻһۿǸȵӰǳ
ҲҶ˿˵ʵĲԸһЩϹŶԼ֮ͬˣʲô˵Ҳ㡣
·֮ҶȺ˵֮뿪гӰҲƶƬ̼ҶǰҶ´һ󣬾µ¶һ˿㵹ЦӦûм㣬ȴһʶĸоܽһ𣿡
ȻҶ֮ǰʵò˵òʱ⻹ǵһ˽ҶԷĻҲ΢΢һЦŵΪ˺й顣
࣬ҲϵЦ֣صĵ˵ˣԳ֮УǿտƾҪݣ


1361 ȫ
ڳҪҶͿǵˣԲŻӹūǽһ֧
ɫʱˣҪֽӹ˫ڿȴǰ첻
Ҷĳ̫ᣬ᲻ʶ˿̿ķӦӣ֮˶йһжء
֮󣬳Żعɼĵ⣬
ٰ
㣬Եһᣡ
ɫҴҵ뿪ˣܿ죬׷ԲԵҶǰΪһһͷȡ
λλʥʹʲôͶ˵
ҶҲûж˵ʲôȻչʾǿֱȷ֮ŽڣӦҵ˰ɣ
һҡҡͷȻ֧ȷУǻҪ֪ôõġ
ҶһҲǣʦĹеĵܱ͵Լ֧Ҳʵڲ˵ʲô
ðɣˣ
£Ҷ˫֮ͻȻһѪɫ󹭣Ȼ칭һģһڳ̲ס칭
칭ȴܹҶ칭۳ġ
ҶûԵ۳һ֧ʸȻ乭׼еһ˳ȥ
ż
ҶѾܵѹԼżʵ̫޴һļȻֱӾͽʮô׶
⵹֤ݣǸйأʩչż
ȻﶢҶ֪ˣҶ
Ҷһݣû뵽ķӦ񣬾ȻܹԼʵݣ뿪ڷϣѾŵ㲻÷ϣѹҶʶĸоΪ֮ǰ㣬Ҳ˵ܿĺˣԶĹעȻֳʩչżҶ
Ҷÿɷûǳǿ˭Ϊ˸ǣѣ
һ֮󣬱˴˵϶¶˼֮ɫͬʱҶ̬Ҳ˼ֿСѵ˼СѷģҳżԨԴڻ֮ʱмӣѣǾԲӲС˵
ҶĿ֮󣬿ȷǴ˿˵ĻǷģ岢û塣
ãҶӦһ̼Ѿ¶˱òҲ¶΢ЦԼĲ²Ȼûд
ҶȻ㣡
ûȷ̬֮ǰҶʵԣڼȻҪȫԼȻҲҪ¶⡣
ҵĴеᣬҵȷйأҲĺˣʦܣ
λ¶ɫҶǷʵʱ䣬ҪĽԼٵĴ˵˳
һʦֲµķӡƣôͽҪʮֵĹҺ͹ūˣô˵Ķ֣ϣܹǡ
Ҷ̬Ͽҵĵ
ǾˣȻͨ칭֪Ĺ֮Ŀ࣬ȴҲû뵽ȻûϾҪˣ
Ϊ׵һеǸͷȣ鼤ߵĵСѷģ㲻֪ͨǣҲԹۣպԲκ裬Ѿɳ֣ʼڹĹڣ̴ڣȡʥǰĹ
л
Ҷʩһ
ֹͷͦͬʮ⣬Ĳһģ˾٣пȫ帲
һЩϸ֮Ҷ뿪ͬһΪѾͳЭ飬Сʱ
뿪ķҶ͸ıòҳҲͬܣԼףС
Ҷ㵨󣬻ҵѵ㲻֪жڵɱ𣿡ٵĵط̲סѯʣȻҶҲĺ档
֪Ҷ΢΢һЦҲû·ߣҵЩˣ鲼죬ҲǣȻطǡ
طôûôΣգϾǻǣƼʻ֮ء
ͷ¶β͵ðƴƴҲΪԼƴһһĵ·ʱգҰ۳ң
ƴ
ҡҡͷû˵ʲôȴһ仰ʲôȥôĴôĸƴ


1362 ʥ֮
Сݽɳ˳ķ֮ҶʱҲ飬ָ̻˵ģҡڵ۹ĶķȥҪȥܷҵǿŵͬʱҲҵǸԼһصߣΪԷ֮ϵԼߣû׼ܹ֪λָΪѵơ
ոճţҶѾۼ˳
쿴λӮŷʤĴʦ
ҿģȻ
ȷҶľλ֮˶ʱһΧȥ
ʦʦˣǶأϾڻôķ϶öʦ׼ȥļҶķ
ˣʦλΪ˺ĴƷҵ˶Զİɣǿ㰡
ʦͽ۾Ҳڲͬһֻ۴һֻСǲʺۣ
ҶίʵûϵԼڵô󣬶һ˹ˡʦĳƺţ˵ĻȻҪʦģʵǿЦá
ʱȻ¡һӻ⴫Ҷоһɽȵķѵʮǰʼˣ
ҶʲôҲ˲ˣӲĽ߾£˲ɢɽȷ򼱳ȥ
ЩҲӦ˹ҲβҶɽȳȥ
һǰʢٴγ֣˷ӵɽȣҶȺз˳ȳ˵Ӱ
һҶŲ˲עʱ±任òȻʶ˺Լغϡ
Ƭ֮ԳΪףֳҶߣҶüͷһǵĴ󲿶ӴŶܸϵ
ٽܵ
ãȵɽȿ׷ʲôǵ˵֮ҴǽĹ
仰֮ҶٴڶУһȻһʱ޷ӦҶȻҪǽĹ
ҶɽܣѾɽ˺֮£㶼˳ԭ乬ĸ֣Լ֮еʥ촸ղž촸˹ĹķӡҪԿܷ񽫷ӡ
ȻδܻӡȴԭͬʯһΡȻķӡһƬ
˿ϣһʥܹ÷ӡзӦôʮʥͬʱкܴĿܻὫӡ
ʮȸԾѣƺѾ˹Ĺ֮Ρ
ֵҲȺ鼤ܣǶ뿴֮ǰĹѨ֮Уʲô
ҹĻ٣ɽȵģһнӰڼж󲿷ֶŮˣһɫϾǵǰҶһΪǴ·
ЩȻǳĸ֣ǵٶȼ죬ڵõʥʹŵĴ֮һ֮ھ͵˰쾳ϵĸ֣˷߾ȫϵ˻ǡ
˳峤棬Ҳǳ̣һλ˫磬Ϊڶĸ֣ʵʵ쾳硣
˿̣棬˸ҶߣСѯʵҶС磬ǽĹ
Ͼ͵ˣǰǽĹʦ֣ǾòУһ᳷ߣǧҪҪ
΢΢һЦСģǴʥԿ
Ǿһʮ
Ҷܵ˵ίȻȴЦеĵС翴˽ʥ
Ҷȷǲ˽⣬ͷԸꡣ
ʥǵָʥߵһͳƣָĸ֮Ϊǿпǵпʥ
Ȼ˵ʥҪȵǵϾĳλʹù̺˴۵ĵƺԵԵͬʥ߲¡
򵥵˵ֻӵʥܱΪ
һ£ʥ׶õģΪһ鷳޴һĵֻ̣Ҫʥڼ֮УҲ˸ҹġ
ʥ֮䣬ҪܵıʥʥɵǻԵģ
ʷϣʥԾʥ飬һսĺͿ̿ѪƯ֣ʬǳɽԲرΪһƬأݲ
ҶС磬˰ɣʵͲţʮĻöԼӵеʥǶҪǳƣҪݻǣҪ𾡳԰ƵˣȻĻǲġ
Ҷǵһ˽⵽ʥĿ£ȻԼΪǿʥΪĿǰûǼԸоǵж
ЩɾͲͬˣǾܹӵеʥ󻯵ʩչ
ôһ˵Ҷ΢һЩʱҲ˹ĹһڴҶſԵȣԼȴ˽ȥ


1363 ػ
Ҷ͹ūӹĹ֮߳ʱԳΪ׵ڶȫסˣһ̣ˢˢѾڵأżĲݼǰ
Ȼճʱ򣬹ūѾ׷ˣڳ֮УȻҲ˵Ļˣһ۾ϳ˹ūݡ
ūȻѾҶ˵ˣȻôˣҲ쳣ļæŲͺãͺã֪Ҧڿɺã
ով仰Ȧ̾ͺˣǰǵʦأֻϧʦδͻһ˥֮Ѿˡ
ˣūΪ֮һͣϵļ֮ɫһȥˣû뵽Ҧ㾹Ȼһ뿪ˣ
ཫӡū϶ҲѾ뿪ˣе޳
ҶȻĴϹūĸпȴòڵǰǶĹɣһ˿ɾ鷳ˡ
ԶԶԣĹȵѹǣһǳĵģ

һչɽܵ˶䶯ˣΪԼ˾ţ֮ҲδܹƵķӡ֮УȻˣңԳ峤Ϊ׵һȺ֣
վ칭֮£ޱ飬Ŀɨӡ֮ڶֵڴ˱չأǵĳ־ŵ˼ң칭ʾǼˣǷǵˣ䱾ҪĹҳڿʼش˵أػˣҪҼ򣬱ǲ
仰֮󣬳ʹų֣˵棬뵽˹Ĺ֮Уٽ֮ǰͻȻһ졣
壡
̱ɫǳʥû뵽Ȼ˴˴ȻΪ˿ʮ
ྐྵȻδϢǡ
ྐྵȻûڹĹ֮бչأ⣬̫˼˰ɣ
ǰ֮ǰѾǰ죬û뵽ھȻţѾ˰ɣ
꣬ʵ¶ͻ˵˥ࡣ
У޷ٵˣΪϢʵ̫ˣ뵱ż䴩ΰ׳٣Ȼֵû뵽ʱô֮ȻԾɻţһҪֻˡ
۹Ҫˣ˭֪൱רź۹Ÿɣ۹ٴγ۹׵Ķ󰡣
̫۹ˣ֮ǰͺɨˣڵʵ޷۹ǿĶ֡ҿ۹ȡ֮Ľǳˣǳټǿ̣˭ǣ
Ҳһ˵죬Ҫܵѹƣ޷ӳʵ¹˭ֻ˵أ
ȻδϢΪ֮𶯣ȴҲһ˲˻ɣǾھδҲ۷ʱλˣ
֪Ѿǰ˸ߵ죬ȻȥһεĻص˻죬һ㶯ûУԶĹѨ֮бչأĹѨ˸ˣҲǲŲʣɲǵ硣
òѾ˰ɣ
пܣ˭ҲӲʱ䣬Ҿͻ˥࣬ҲӦߵȥٻص졣
ʥȥΪҲܿ״̬Ӧ൱ã¾Ҳ֮ˡ
ǿպգһżݺ죬û뵽ȴҲӢ۳ĺˡ
ģ󲿷ֵǶ˺һ˵ǾѾˣȻûȻ˵ڱչأǾصĻҲһˡ
ҶʼմڻУĹ۲Ÿ̬Ⱥжûͷ¶棬ñ֪ԼͳŹϵͳõģԼڰб
֮ͷֻڳ˹£˿ʼչĵҩҩ֮УЩҩҲ½¼ʧ
ߣǶΪʦˣǰҩգǰҪʦֲ
Ҷ˼ܣ̲µЩ˵ĿģЦΪⴿ޹֮٣ʦָ֮壬ҾˣԼϻпʥȥκεҩ
һҶʶˣӣڣкܶ˲ϣʦִ
ۿʮϹĹʱ伴٣һ죬ɽ֮Ȼһ춯صĺ쿴Ĺķӡ߽⣡


1364 ɽ
ʮϹ˼ζ̩ɽĹĹӡھȻʼ߽⣬ϢڣʱΪ֮
ǲζҪֳˣ
ʮʲô̬ȣ̳ĹǼ
Ӧòô׳룬Ϊʮ֮п۹ˣǺ֮ǲ֣֮ܿҪûɵ
̫ˣһսԿˣ
˶Ѫӿ뿴һⱲӶһܹľսȻǵĳȴҡͷȰǳͷ
ʮĴսܶҪʥɵƻһֿܵ˵ģ¾ڴսҲδܹˡ
ˣҪսĻԣҪóΪڻҵ׼
֤ЩǵĻһȻγɵЩ·ͻȻһҹ
ڻǵϷгһǣһľ޴һĺΰֻеĻǾɢĴ·۶ɣֻõģʵ塣
֮ŵͬһ·ӣһ˵ĿֲϢҲͷŶ֮䡣
һĻ澰˾ǻǵһǸܵɱͻԼַдҪԻǣڶϹʱҲֹľ󣬿ӣһս޿ɱˣ
ȻһлֻǿʼڿʼһһľǿߣÿһԼϢ෴ԼĿֲϢɢȥҹĻ֮󣬾ܿһϢ
ÿһһλǿߣ
Щ龰ô˶Ϊ֮ɫҪӵжôǿʵɢ˿ֲϢ
Ȼÿ˶֪ܿЩǿߵĴڣȴûܹ֪ǵĿ
ǲϢȴԼÿ˵߶һ㵭޷͸
ȻҲû֪˵ĿģΪ˿ֶΪ˰ʮΪ˱
֮ڵĻǾɽ¥Ȼʱûзκ¼ʮҲãҲãƺϢģ棬һֻǱǰƽ
ЩȻԾѪڣȴҲ˾⣬Ϊľ̫ˣ˵ˣǵĳЩҲǲһҪ￴֣Ҫʱ׼
ЩҶҲûȥķ˵Ŀεڻڣֺеĵȴſһ㡣
ʵϣڹ۲Ѱң۲ÿķӦѰһλλľ֣ϣ˽ǵĿġ
ԴҶ˵ģط֮󣬷Ȼ£ĺȫҹΪƷʦĵλ֮Ƕһ޶ģκ᲻ϧһд£һƷʦοҶѡʥżƷʦ
Щ룬ҶûֱӾֻܾǴ΢Цĺţһ죬Լʵعʱ򣬲֪ЩֻηӦʱм˻Ը£Լ
ŴսٽЩĽӽŮҲ·˼һʧˣǧ˪ˣȻ¥ʼ֧ǧ˪ҶȻڴս֮ǰΪǵİȫܵκ˺Ǹܵı
ҶеȴҵԼԼǰһ˵ʵҶǲȥģǶλһŮ룬ȴֲܲȥΪԷаܶࡣ
˵ֻڰ˳ϢҶǸŮһε졣
ȻǸģϴһɴɲͨɴ·ڵһʶĿֻ̽ϧסҶۡ
ӻţȻˣ
費ǺҶž룬ҶߣЦΪҶһơ
Ɑƾ͵Ϊӽӷ硣
лҵҶƱһֱ֪ｫʲô飿
ǲÿұ²ҹأŴ۾ŵŭעҶ
ҵȻ˼챿˵֡
ͣ
ʱɳ̲סЦѣҪ棬֪ǴæˣûĸҴ㣬ҲȷʵЩҪһ㡣
ϸ˵
ĴƷҵѾ˻ǣΪ˱֣ų˵ҪڼƷҪӮϵʥ͵棬ҪⱲҲܽķ


1365 
ʵҶ˼ƷҵĿԣҪǰ˵ȥǽڣûȤҲȥǡ
ҶȻ΢Ц֪뷨ҡҡͷ֣صĵӣûҵĻǷԣ˵ҲܽķҲҽķȻһ֮ɾȫһˡ
Ҷ΢΢һʱ軰˼Լûע⵽
ԼҽķǾҪԼˣڿķͺ£Ż᲻ҽԼܽ˵ԷҪԼ
㲻ǷԼҲҪԼļƷ
ӣҾ֪϶û⣬صһǲҪڶķӮ㣬»Ҫ㲻
ҶЦЦҪлˣȻһûǵ£Ҫ۸ңȴҲô׵顣
ſ˵ȻһŮӵܳһ𣿡
ҶǸһЦԵƬ̣ȥȥ
⡣
վߵ棬ҶԹԵ˼飬Ƭ֮󣬶ϺȻԴһ˿ŭĵ߳У
Ҷһԭ͵˶ԻģǴ˿ȴ̲ס˶䣬͵
Ů˿ͷվǰѹǵҪȥȥĻð찡
Ҳʮ΢Ѿпˣȥǣ˵ԸȾ͵ȣԸȾߣûǿ
ŮƺЩżĵǣǼƷҵˣǣԲܵƷʦ
ҵĿҲǼƷʦҼƷʦǵͣͽҵԭȥʲôһᴦģ
ҶȻɲ飬Լ֮⣬ȺڼƷҵļƷʦҲ
ƷʦٻǳȻ죬ȻҪĻˣԲŻŮ衣
ƿ˽ϺЦʲô¶ûзһùӾõˡ
û£Ҷڰ֣뿪ˣǼȻôһ£ˣΪ֪¾Բܾôˡ
ȻûãٴδŮ
üͷһ壬Ҷȴһ½˵
Ҷ̬ȣһ˿ȣȴҲûж˵ʲôͣƺҪҶ׼ô졣
ūģŮûнȻ
Ҷüͷһ壬˼ֵ˵
ǣ
ЩŮǣǾþʣҶĲãȻϽ˽
ʲô£˵ɣ
ŮĿ裬ЦеĵȻ˵˵ɣ
Ĵ֪ܲҶ϶Ǹղ͵ԼŮ֮ĶԻԹΪ֮ôԼҲͲ׼ô졣
ŮƺҲǻȥˣһŵ淿мλȥ˵ٲȥĻǾҪˡ
ҶͷȥǣڹȥҾҪˣסԭת
Ůʱ˿ԾûзӦֻܴӦһ˳ȥ
Ƭ̹ȻһŭʲôôļӣȻλƷʦĻҲڶΪԼΪ𣿡
һ˸͵ǣ죬˭ҵƷҵˣǲΪԼǼƷʦˣ
֮£ҲƷʵˣҲֻмƷʦˣ
ҶЦŷΣСûǸʯ𣿡
ŷκͶСμƷҸֵĵɵ˵ȻⶼΪɵĳ϶ǧۣȺҶʮʯʵʲ
ŷκͶСҶҲʱɵˣȻ֪пˣŮζ˵Ҷݣѹû뵽һδεľܾˣȻҶ
˺ܿعǿĴƷϳﻹὫҶŷһЦˣ㰡þˣû뵽㾹Ȼꡭ
ϴεһǲˣ
һꡱ֣ҶŷεĻŷζʱҲʶסԼ
СæһŷΣĵбºǶİα֤Ӯ㣡
ҶԼ˱ƣƵĵҪҶĵȻû⣬ʱͬգʲô˶ܺҶĵģҪҶĵĻҪ׼ðʯΪעȻĻĴȥ


1366 һ
ʯ
ŷκͶС˾ˣҲǵԲ۾ĿתĿҶ
ԴӶĵû˵ôĶעƷҴӦĻǾˣ
ûҶĵĴƷʯòĻǾͳﷳҡ
㣬аʯ𣿡СعͰ͵ĵ
ЦһʥԵְʯûߵĻǧҲ⣡
ʵ˶֪Ҷĵܽ˹Ĺ֮ҲûгȻ䲻Ҷǿһ£ȻǸȷɣӶΪԼ鷳
ŷκͶСڻ뿪ˣʯĶעɲģϽȥһϢĴƷҵĸǡ
ڣһЦӣӦֿĳЩﰡ
ҶҪʯǼ裬üƷɴʨӴ󿪿ڣҪʯΪעΪԼʵ
⼸ǿЩǿϢĽѣʮֿܹһﵽ˾
˾ҪǧʯĶע
ҶӦʱȻٴһϵСӣȻ㶮ƷǲҪѲŰ̫ţƷҵļλƷʦܸȤҪȥһ
СĸߣϵľˣҶЦŵǧۣҸղŵĻ˵ĺˣôˣɣ˭ֻҪ׼аʯͿԺҶģûеĻжԶԶ벻˷ʱ䣬˵ȻǶҸȤǾǹң
һ£˿һĶǧ˽վüͷƵĵǰҵķ䣬δҵԽ룬ûĹط
йأδõ˵֮ǰκ˲Խ˵ķ䣬ԸղžŷκͶС̬ǿᣬȴҲôǧʢŭ֮£ȴǲܲˣȻ˽Ȼǻ˹ء
Ȼǧ۹ⲻָ֮ϼĶҶСӣȻҲ뱻˵ԴСԹ㣬ȴ˲Ϸ˵ãҪúýѵһˣ
ǧ۵ﶼ޲ýҶǧУڶķ֮аڶķĹأټôϼһﻤҶĵҲҶҶĹڣƾһ裬סԼý׼ѵһҶ
ǰһĵǰѵƻĹأȻڣǹ㺮ҵϣ
㺮һ󷨣һλԿµƣ
Ļǧ۵йâһеԥˣû뵽ԷȻ㺮ЯҶԷǰڻҶԼֻҪ֣һ㺮Уû˻ΪԼ˵ϾԼ˹ǰ
ҶʱҲվߵ˶ǧ۵ǰηĺŵǧۣ䲻ͲҪȥģˣҪԾʵѹңȥЦģ
ǧۺݺݵĵҶһ֮ջǴһ߶뿪죬Ȩ֮£֪Լǲ졣
ȻΪ³Ǻ͸֮ĹϵҲǴ۸ӣʲô鷳ĻԻвΪͷЩ˸ǵġ
Ŷǧ۵뿪ҶҲָ˳̬ѾԻĵʮͶ
֪֮䣬죬ҶǣҲԽͳ죬Ȼ⣬ŷξȻվڵȺҶ
Ҷ߳ŷ¶ЦСӣĴƷѾˣóʯΪעԶģ
⻰Ҷ΢΢һû뵽ƷҲͬˣһעһ
Ƭ֮ҶһЦȻעˣȻӦҿܻȽæʲôʱпգʲôʱһ֪ͨǵģ
㣡
ŷŭɫҶһʲô
ҶŷǴﺦ£ûжǧʵ˻þѹҶԼæһԲת뿪ˡ
ԾĵҪǶģ
ҶͷʯȻ٣ܹӮֵĻҲô
٣ӣҪʯɻĵ
ҶʶԼ˵©ˣڰֵûʲôˣлͣϽȥɣˣ
ҶʧıӰĵʯ٣ʲô飬ҪʯأһأȻһϢ֪ܲһ֮أ


1367 ҹϮĹ
Ҷ뿪죬Ȼɽ֮죬¹ҫ֮£Ŀ
о־ȻҹϮĹ
Ҷоæһâɽ֮ȥ
ǰʱڹĹϿյķӡʼˣ˵ĹעҶȻҲǵʱ͸˹ȥ
뵽Ĺ֮в֪ӡˣΪеȫӿڵѪס
ѾҪĿħĳմԿʼתշӡԼ
ȻһϢ֮ȴҲǴĲû˷ӡĹھʧȥ˱ЩڹĹõĸˣ½ǰʱпܡ
ԭ칭㻯ԭΣعɷӡ״̬˹ūǿ֮ά֣Ǳס칭ѹڹĹϿա
Ȼ죬ЩԸ˼ڰ಻סˣҹԹĹ˹
ҶûֱĹȻ˹Ĺһڣոս˳
ô£Ҷżʵ
ɫصĵղо͵ϮҪĹҿūǰ칭˾ߡ
͵Ϯ˭𣿡
ûУ֮ⶼǿ壬ĿҺ񲢷ĳһǸʵǿ˵Ǻܿܶɽ֮⻢ʮˡ
ʵڲʲôϢɽ֮ʮѾ˸еͷˣȻȴвǵظֳ֣Ҫء
ʮΪͳ˴˼ӵеʥĹϵҪɵʥ֣Щظȴû˿Ĺ˼ɣҲΪʲôĿʾ˵Ҫԭ
嶼֪ǵݣ㶯ʥҲ֪ö׼˭
ǰô˵
ֻܼش˵أҲҪ֤ǰİȫ
ҶɫȻѾ¶˾ģҪϧһд۱ҶȴԸķ
Ͼ֮£ȫΪԼʵǵġ
֪ˣ⻹ֻǿʼ϶и͵Ϯǵĵ㣡
ҶûĹųﶣ֮˳üͷĻص˻ǡ
ڵ˵ԽԽ࣬һǲĿʾˣҶͷޱȣҪܱ֤ʦֵİΣأ
ڶһ磬˽ҪĴƷңԶʯΪעоĵϢѾ˻ǣ˶£ȤѾ
ǸҪˣȻȷǿǾԲĴƷҵĶ֣
ǿ϶ģۻڣĴƷ֮⣬ļƷʦʮˣ֪Ʒҵʵ֮ǿ˹¼ҹһҪǶԶģ
ôˣҷΪ˿ܻӮΪһЩϼһ˵˼пǼƷʦĴˣ˵Ѿת˴ۣ֮
˭˭ӮεĶעҲ̫ˣʯһӶûмȵǿĵʱ˵ʲôҲҪȥ
˿Ҷ˿üƷ磬ΣֻеȵԶĿʼ֪ڶԶľʲôʱʼ˶ڵȣҶ𰸡
ȻҶȴǶ˿ջ֮УŲڵ˼ȥͼƷҶԶģȫ˼ʦϣĥûʲôȫ֮ߡ
ʱҶޱȵ˼˳ҪλʦڵĻ϶ܹð취
Ҷ𣿡
ǧ˪ͻȻ𣬴Ҷ˼·վŴ򿪡
ԴӳĹ֮󣬸ѾǵĽӽŮ˻ȥǧ˪Ҳ⣬Ȼû뵽ȴͻȻˡ
ҶЦŵַǳʱڣʦųô
ǧ˪ݺݵĵһҶֽƿֱ˽Ҳ֪Ƿǳʱڣ㻹Цĳ͵͵ܳģ㣬㵽ûаգ
Ȼǧ˪˶ԶĵϢҶ͵͵˳ҶʮָжҲԿ϶¥˾֪ǧ˪Ķֻûгֹѡ
ûУ
ûа㻹ô񣡡ǧ˪ָҶıӵ֪֪Ʒҵ˲ҪڼƷϴ㣬׼ɱ㣡
֪Ҫɱңûô򵥡
⵹ǣǧ˪ͷֻҪڶķ֮УֻҪ뿪ǣǻĿŵɱ㡣
ҶЦҡҡͷǿɲһŶӦò֪ʵƷͬɱˣ
ǧ˪ʱɴ۾ŵĿҶҲ˵ڶԶĵʱпʱͨƷɱ㣿
Ҷͷпܣǿ϶ΪֻڶԶĹ̵УʹüƷɱ˲Ųƻأ


1368 ٷ
һ˲֪ƷΪһͬɱˣɱ˵ķʽǶֶҶ쾭ơܡ͡ҡһ֮󣬾뵽˼Ʒǿ϶ڶԶʱԼ֡
֪㻹ӦǶԶģⲻѰ·𣡡ǧ˪ĵҶˡ
Ҷһ̯ãоܾĿ𣿡
һ仰˵ǧ˪ƿԣȷҶֶܾܾԶġ
Ƭ֮ǧ˪ȻߵҶǰǼⶼҪһˣʶʵңļƷǲҸƷʦĹɱؼеõģ
Ҷεĺһ֮ľ룬Ƭ̺ǵģΪƷʦҵʦ֣
˵ʲô
ǧ˪ŵ˳ȥ
ҵʦ֣ȷؼļƷƷķֻһŵͨķʽܿ
ǧ˪а֮³֣ң
ҶǿЦãûشǧ˪ȴҡҡͷˣһǲѧˣԸѧˣԺ֪ж鷳ң
˵£Ȼǰʦܣ㻹ûгΪƷʦҲûдۣ֮㵽׼ô죿
ûа취ֻƴƴˣϴκŷʤĶԶģûʩչȫļƷҲһЩֻ֣ǲ֪ԸЩϼһûá
ҶҲһĶûУֻҽ˵̫ȻԼߵʦ·֮ǰۣĴƷܹڻڴôʱ䣬ڼƷϱȻŶ֮οĴеĶ֣ƷƷʦ֪ǻ᲻Ҳʲôֺ׼
ǧ˪̾˿Ҫҵ۾ͺˣ˵ۣһγɲ˴ۣ֮϶Ҳ۱ø
ʲô
֮۾֮飬ؼȻһֱѽҲôˣҲûãҵ֮ģˣȥķתתɣʱ˵Ʒҵ˶ȥķȥˣҲ׼ռȻ
Ҷ˼ˣҲȷʵȥתתԵͷðɣתתҲá
Ȼ˸ո׼ŵʱҶȴüͷˣ
˭
ӣ
ǧ˪һͬʱ𣬶ǧ˪һµ裿
ֱ˽ڵǧ˪Ҳһ£Ů˾ţֱҶվǵм䣬Цŵôż϶мҰɣ
ջĿ⣬Ҷͷȷм£ҸոյõϢھǰ֮ң˷˴ߵӰѰʲôҲ룬ӦѰλѣ
Ļո£ҶѾһ˫ץסļǸط
Ҷ˫ץסһæӻųȥһ·ֱܹĸ߷壬Ϊٷ塭
轫Ļ˵꣬ҶѾ˳ȥǧ˪һ֮󣬲ԼͬĸҶ׷ȥ
Ȼû뵽ǣǽֻôһСᣬǰȴѾʧȥҶټɼҶ֮ٶ֮죡
ǧ˪ٴοһ֮һԲĳŻǵűȥҲ
һ·׷ţҲûпҶӰӣȴϾʹͣ£ڻһ˫˫ԾУͨȥ
ڷɳȥ֮ǧ˪̲ס贫Ҫ֪ƭһɱ㣡
跢˺ЦΪʲôҪƭأ
ߣԻ첻죬֪ٷʵҲһأһ˶ȥ޻أŻܣ
ˣԼ̫żҽ˵ˣΪһ᲻ٷΣ𣿡
Ȼ֪ΣգΪʲôҪ
ΪʲôҪأ
һ߸·һ߶죬ҶȴѾ֮ˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷļ٣ò˳Ϣһվ߸׷ԼҪϹȥ
ҶϵĴ˲ţʩչ˼ޣԲ˼ٶȣڽһʱʱھѾԶֱɽ壡
ٷ嵽ˣ
ͬʱҶҲˣڲٷܣȻŨԼĿȻ޷͸һطʲôƵذ
̶Ѩ˿ҲҪһ
ȻҶ˲ٷϿյʱȴͻȻͣΣվڿУתͷ´һ֮󣬵˿ƣһٷ壬ͷϵ֧ǰ


1369 
ٷĵҶ֮Ϊŵ²һȻڹ۵ϱΪ
̺֮ĵҪԶԶκεطܹռɣĵһɾԻռʱ͵еŨ̶ȸ޷
ҶȴҲһ뵽ˣ˲żüã϶ֹԼһ˷Ȼȴûκ˸ռ˵˵رȻһЩͬѰ֮
ȻٷܲƵȻ̺ƺ͵ƣ赲ʶĿ޷ֻ΢Ӱ죬ܹ洫Լ˻֮ںһ㡣
Ҷ۲Ƭ֮һҧͳ·֮У˲Ϣ֮䣬˫ž̤ʵ֮ϣɽеһ
ȻƣǴ֮ȴûһ˿Ҷܣɽ֮һƬдУֲָǿ֮ȫһеʤء
Ȼ֮ȴ̲ס˿Ϊǰֳɵƹɵ
Щ飬ӵ޾֮Уһ۶߼ʡ
ǵֱԵסҶĵѹû˸ռݴ˵أ⣬һ޴ƣԲע⣬һߴͿܴ󷨣ڴ˵ء
ǹ۵еĸ߼һ˸ѵʦֻΪʲôҪôأǲʲô
Ҷ֪ٷ֮Ҳᱻ˵һأΪ˶֪һֻǶΪȻγɣȴ뵽Ϊóġ
˹۵ӵ۵Ҷ˵ֻҪԼСģƵҲסҾϸ۲죬ֵ겼֮˲ĺ֮Ϊźüš
Ҳ˵ֻҪ̫ûдأô˵أҲܹȻ
ҶС˳ŵγɵƶıܿأҪ﾿ʲôܣͬʱҲҪѰ˳䡣
ŵ߳˽ʮ֮ҶͻȻŮӵľһ̾˿֪ǧ˪ԼҲ뵽
Ȼ󷨲գΪԼҶ˵ʲôҲðգֻ۷˻ȥ
ȻŮһ·׷˲ٷ壬ҺԥĴ˽ϧ֮һеĻأһþ֮УҶǵǰǶûв
ֻþȻѲסҶһһ˸˳
˭
ſң
Ůû뵽ԼҶڵͬʱҲ˹
ۡ˵Ĺ׼ȷĻҶҲҿҶǿȻ˸ˣҲˡ
ң
Ҷ
һҶǧ˪˷ܵĽгѿںȻͻȻ߻и裬֪Ҷʵݣæһָ˻ȥ
εȴһ̷֣ӳ˹ҶҶĪǾǴ˵дʥսʦҶ
µҶ֪ԼҲסˣЦŵͷҾҶ˼ҲǹҪ㣬ʵɼ
תʵҲܾҶֻǲҿ϶ѡ
ǧ˪Ҷͷûҵѣ
ûУҲոսãˣ֪֪ҵǸѴʲôλã
ҡҡͷ̫żˣղûҰѻ˵꣬ٷһգ󷨡
֪ѾˡҶϵҲеоסңȰͳȥɣ

Σǧ˪赹ѵõĴһ£ͬľܾҶ顣
ڲٷ壬֪˶˺棬֪Ȼ֮еʲôϧʼղͻ󷨣ҶȻ˵סǿǸõĿԿ̽ܵĻᣬôܴ
ðɣǸҵ󣬲Ҫߣﴦ˵ߴһͿܴ󷨣ҵҵ֮Ǿ뿪
˲˵Ҷǰȥ
ǰһƬ֣ȻֵڴҶͻȻͣҶڵϣĶŵ档
ǧ˪趼ĽԴչȥǿȥȴʲôƽɽأûκ֮
ﬣ
ͻȻһ֮ҶгһֵѪɫ·۳һ岻ͼȻġ
ǧ˪ʵҶʲô
ѪʦƳһ޵


1370 ׺Կ
Ҷؼ֮УõͼƷϵһУһõ޵ȫѪ֮۶ɵѪ
ӹŵ񣬲κʥҲʵڵģʵġ
ȻѪȴ޵ģ
Ҳǧ򻯣ıóκ״ȻֻѪһţֻжѪ֮Ƶ˲ܳ
ǧ˪۾Ȼɴ󣬶һֳԣͻȻһ޵ȻҲ޷۾ƿˡ
ȻҲ棬ǧ˪ԣҶӣ׼ʲô
һƬƣѪγɵͼΪƣһ󷨾ʦֲóģȻҲҵģҪԿѪ뵽Щ֮С
Ҷ£ǰĵ֮ϸһɵ۳ɵͼе죬ϸףͼѪͼͬ
ͼҶҲȷţĵ֮Լʦóġ
ȻһѧˡΪƷʦŴۣ֮ҲԿ͸˵ƵƣȻܹԵ󷨡
ʱȴסˣҶǴʥսʦôôṦֱʦʦأ
˵ʦܵķƷʦݣ֮£ֻԴƷʦһļƷʦͬĴƷ࿹⡣
Ҷֳ޵Ѫķ˵ر֮ϵĵ֮С
˿ϷϵһʱͻȻһѪɫâúǸͼһģһ
âҫۣѪ֮ƣݷһ㣬ڲ仯ǧ˪趼׿ֻǲ֪⵽ô¡
ʯڵ£ƿʯ֮ϣȻøأ൱ԿһԿײ֮Уܿء
Ҷ򵥵ΪŽͣͬʱĶǰǵѪ֮ƣΪʼ죬һ˹ȥ
Ѫߣ
Ҷ˲˾󲽸Ѫ֮֮ǰȥǧ˪Ȼǽ棬ֵطóһжɲóˡ
Ѫ֮˴аҺͣҶҲ˵֮ٴθֳһŹֵĵͼֻ˰ȴʲô
ֿʲôˣǧ˪ʵ
ҿһͼӦþۣǲ֪Կʲô
Ҷһ˵һԼĵƽͼģ˳ǧ˪һ֮£ͻȻ飡
飿
ǧ˪һ͵ĹâĹ±ؼС
飬Կף
Ҷһ֮ҲǻȻ򣬵ȷͼһ̯˵ӣ
Ҷæӹǧ˪е飬ѡһ˵۵ͼ֮С
϶ȻһѪâȻ˿Ϸ죡
һѪ˳Ѫ֮ƣĳ򻺻У
ӦʦרΪõѪµָ·ʽ
ҶѾˣĵ֮ƿ϶ǳʦֳֻ֣֮µѪܼڵµѪ֮ƣָȷĵ·
ֻ·ͨηҶͲ֪ˣȻѾߵȻûͣĿܣ˼ǰ
ǰȻֳ鱾״ġסֱǶ֮˳Ѫ֮ƵָһѨ֮һ￴׵̨ף˵ĸоͨĵһ㡣
Ѫ֮ƾ˳̨׼죬˵
Ҷ˶һۺҶڵȥҰɣ
УҪȥһȥ
ȻҶǲùŮ˵ģ֮£ֻܴǼ¡
Һ͵ʮԵ֪ٴεˣû뵽ڻ컹üأ
ҶԳҡҡͷ
£ȻΪڰѪ֮Ƶĵ⣬΢Ҳܿ㶫Ҳ֪˶پ֮ͬʱͣ˽Ųעǰľȫ˾޴֮У
ǰһ޴ġֵ֣ΧӿǰҶĵ֮ϣĵȻȫ쵽ҽһ۳֣
ʵ̫࣬ŨЩӦò֮е¶ʵ壬ǧ˪趼ܿ
֣ߴʮף⻪䣬貶Ŀκ˶һ
ʲô鶯¶һ˿ڴͺ档
ǧ˪ԴҶ㲻˵𣿻᲻ᣬŵľһ
Ҷ֣ûпڣϣܹзʲôǧ˪Ҳֹͣ˵Ŀһ¡
ֵܵӰ죬֪֮䣬뵽һ⾳У


1371 Ԫ
˵ǰһƬ磬֮ؿݼţȻֱٴοݼţܶʼܻϢ
飬仯Ī⣬䣬ֹ
ָĻ֣˷ֲʵʱ΢Цʱʱģʱŭһ̣ȫʧ֮УԼͬǸ
ֿ
سԪء
Ԫδ֣Ϊһ֮Ԫ
֮䣬ǵĶһڷȥĲظЩ䣬ƺǲĳִǼǰΪԶ״̬֮С
ǧ˪ɫһƬͰŲһšȥ̬ޱȣƺڡ֮һλϵٻǣĸԸΪ֮ĤݣΪ֮ϧ׳Լ
ҶͬҲɫǰƺһ··ľͷ̨֮ͤ¥Ʈ죬콵ʣ裬һɾ硣
ɾ
ʶĳҶԺеʱȴûɵһһѪǰеһоģȥԼȻվԭأǸ޴ġ֣
һ̣ҶֻԼͨ˲ʪ͸֪ԼûѹѾٲ֮ء
ǰǧ˪УۿҪǸ֮£Ҷ׼ǰǶ˻ѵʱͻȻǧ˪һ⣬ųϼ⣬һС͵Ĺڸֳ
˼ͬʱҲͣ˽ŲȴһãȻ֮ɫȥָ֮Ǹֻд֮ң
Ҷæ˹ȥһץסһ˻һ·˵ʮ׿꣬ͣ
Ҹղôˣ
ʱǧ˪˹ͬʱѯʡ
Ҷûлش𣬶Ǹ֣ǧ˪Լͨ˵ӦǰµģΪʲôͷųôջҸղź񿴵һƬɾŮڶ֣ʾҽУԶһ𡣡
ĬĬĵ˵ͷȻĺǧ˪ͬ
ʵҶҲͬɾֻɾͬʱ뵽·뵽ʦ죬ǡʱѪҲԶʾ˹
Ҷ˫˼£һ̫һһһâڡǰ㣬ŬĿֵĺ󷽣֮Żڵַջ󣬶ֺĶջ󣡡
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Ҷ֣صĵ˵ͷˣʦ֮Իﲼó֮ƣǿס¾ǽǿס
ʲôʲôоȴҲС
ǧ˪Ĺͬоܡ֮סʲôԼΪ£һܹԸġ
¼ʦͼƷʦƺŵò֮ܽ
ǿ߰ɣʲôԲܿġǧ˪ҶҪ뿪
ȻҶȴɻĵ룬ʦֻסΪʲôҪףָ·ѵֻΪҸһĿ𣿡
˶٣Ҷŵ˵Ҫ
ʱղʧ״̬֮ٴ𣺡سԪء
Ԫδ֣Ϊһ֮Ԫ
Ϊ˵Ƕʮѣûκβ֮С
ϵظ仰±һһһ飬һһ顣
⣬᲻ǰʡ
񣬵ȷ˵˭Ҳ֪ʲôȻ޴жϡ
֪ˣ
ͻȻǧ˪˷ܵĴг
֪ʲôˣ
ǧ˪˷֪ܵǰŵʲôˣ
Ҷͬʵʲô
Ԫ
Ԫδ֮ǰһŻԪȻԪͱΪԪ
Ԫ֮棬֮ʼǻҲǴܻġ
ϸǰڷظ仰Ϊ˸ǣסľǺԪ
ȷظ仰ʵǿһʡԪ
ô֪Ԫģе㲻ʵ
ΪԪõĲϣǧ˪Ȼ̫˷ˣ̲ס㵸룬ǰųʦһĶ˺йص֮⣬Ԫǿޱȣ˵·˿ϸһ˿ѹɽأѲϣ


1372 һ
Ҷǰ֮סԪ²ǵĳֻرҲΪ˽㣬ȥշȻƳԻһʥпʷǿĺԵʥ
ǧ˪Խ˵Խ˷ܣ˫۷Ź⣬̲סҪȥҶˣ
ҶҲǶˣԴѽȥһԼ֮뷨ֻȱٺʵĲϣȻû뵽ںʵĲϳˣ
ǣҶЦһ߹ȥշԪĿԴ󣬻ǺԪ˵ĿԴأ
һ仰˵ǧ˪ʱưˣ
ڼȻԿ϶ŵľǺԪôղ˲ٲ֮صԭҲˣΪܵ˺ԪӰ죬Ŀˡ֣ҲΪ˺Ԫһ֡
Ȼ֪еΣգǧ˪Ȼĵĵ֮棬֮ʼԪʦһҲѰһ˿ڶ͵ǵǰˣҪǲ˵ĻҲʵ̫ˣţǰ϶Ҳôģ
˵Ҹôգ
֪㲻ôʥ۾긫Ҳؼ۶ɣͬСɣҲԲºԪԿ
ǧ˪֮£Ҳ˲ʲôˣֱӽҶϵļҵ׶˳Աߵһһ㶵ģҶĿ˲˼顣
ʥǿ۶Ҫĵǵ˶ָȻҶϾȻУһһ
ҶҲ˲ȥǧ˪Ϊ뵽Լȷһ̣ǻ긫Ҳ۾ǹ䶦
䶦зӡʥ֮һ䣬ٶҶ˵ڹ䶦ͷųԶԶʥҲıסԼܹȡԪ
ȻҶվԭأĳ֮ȴҡҡͷҲðգʥȻȻɣ϶ȺԪмĿܻᱻɣʱ͵òʧˣ뿪պʵ취ȡɣ
뿪ôˣѵ㲻±˷֣Ȼˣǧ˪żĵ
Ƕ˵ˣٷ屾һأ˶û˸Ҵ룬һ뿪ͻᱻ˷˰ɣҶЦŵ˵˽Կ׿ҵϣȻˣҲû취
󼸺Ҷ֮£ŽȲĵǧ˪˴˴
ӵ߳ؼգҶûһ㣬ҪǸղźԪĻþʵ̫ʵˡ
ߣȥҵѣ
ҶŶŮ·Ҵ뿪һ·֮ϣǧ˪ûаϵҶĶߴߴΪʲôԿȡԪ
ҶֻװûŵŲٷתȦתڶɽɽµʱ򣬺ȻǰĴ֮ϳ󶴣ɢʯ˿˿
ҶһƬ֮УץһʯȣȻոշսʩչ˻ϵ
˫ӦĹ
쿴Ѫǧ˪ָŲԶһ
ȻǵδɺԵѪӿ֤ս֮лˡ
ǣĿԶȴӰսѾս˫ҲӦ뿪˴˵ء
Ҷһ˫ۣٴܿȥƬĵٴθֳ
֮Ҷ̾˿߰ɣ
ôˣ֪ѵˣ
Ҷҡҡͷ֪ҿ֮˵ĻأǴǴƣӦǱ͵ʲôطֻϧѻ٣վһ
ƻõĻҶԻᴥƣ׷ٵǰĵطˣڣȴΪ
ȥ·ϣ˶ǳĬûҵ˳ҶƲ֣ǵѪͬһʯصѹĿڡ
ǧ˪ʼյźԪȻϲ˵ȴֻ裬ɫƽֹˮƺǣ޹ҡ
ȻͻȻͣٴϸ֣ΪĴ󡪡㺮
һڣҲһ֣й㺮ʵɲǹ޷
˿̣㺮Զ֣Ϣ֪ͨ衣
üͷ΢壬Լƴӹ㺮е֪ϢȻ˵Ĺб仯ˣ
ৡһҶѾһ⣬˳ȥûҵ˳Ȼʦֺͳܵκ˺
迴ҶıӰе㲻ĵΪʲôôżҶӣ˹ĹĹԼ˱仯


1373 Ӣ۳ĺ
ȻҶĻٶԾû˽ĹǹĹԼб仯Ҫϻȥ
һ
仰֮ҶѾ˲ţûС
ǽһʱʱȥҶѾ˹Ĺոմ˲֮ͿԶĹĹϿգ칭ԱߣֶһСɽСĲɫ
ǳʥ壡
徹Ȼʥˣ
ҶȥǾʲô£ֱӾ˹Ĺ֮˽ȥһ룬ſھʹһɳƵʲôˣ
һ׷Ӻڰ֮˳ֻ۾ֱС̫һ˸˸Ź⣬Ȼ磬ҶϣҶΪ֮һľ
Ҳ֪λľ֣ҶӦʱӳϹġ
ôǿȴ֪ĹȻǷ˾ı仯ó˾衣
ڶԷסԼҶȴǾ֣Ϊ棬Żг϶ͽԼĴڸеĳˣӦò᲻ʶԼ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ뵽ԼԾ˵òæǰҶ
һĨҶָԭλһ˿ݣеȴǰȥͷã˵Ĺľѿֻƺе㲻ȥ
ľѿ
Ҷһҵ飬ֱӱ˹Ĺ֮У;˼ʹ˵ܡ
ĹУ˿ѪƣһѪ֮˱Ƕܶ΢𶯣һԴԴϵӿȫмǾѪ֮ϡ
֮⣬ɾ޴ѹڿ֮УǣҶ֪Ӧ칭壡
Ȼͬʱޱȵ֪̬ȻǼΪˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶһĺϵѪ׹׸Ѿһԣײ֮һͬһ壬Ѫɺԣûйֻһ˫۽գ࣡
ȻڼĽѾõʦ֣Ҷȴûаļ˲ᵽɤۣΪ޷ʦֵϸܵ˿Ϣ
Ҳ˵ǼҪģһѾ˺ܾúܾõĸʬûһ
ҶСѣˣ⣬ôˣ
峤Ҷоѹ
Ҷע⵽ﻹгͳļλѪ֮ǰūԴʹһ
ô£Ҷ˫ĿҲ͸ãȻ֮ɫӦĿʦĳѵʦָֻ𣿶ңʦֲѾڻѪô
࣬ȻǷ񣬵ҲΰɽӢ˲ż죬£峼֮
£ް㵱Ӣˣ̲סС̾ѵӢ۳ĺ첻𣿡
ˣ
һŽͻȻùĹڵ˶ɫһɫһ
⵽׶ЩʲôˣҳѾʥ˵عǾȻĪû˷𣿡
ȷһʥֻǵѹ˱һηľģΪ鲻Ϊȫ
ǼˣȻ˸֪ԷʵȻС
žĵ߶ʾ
ķ塱һ
ǳʥ
ԭӦö˿ȴͬӴһ㣬죬ҳ쳹֮䣡
ڹĹ˶Ŀҡ֮ƺӷɵ˿Уǵء
ˣ
ţ֮۳һʵʵĲˣ˷ϯȥ
ɲǼ䣬һɾ޴ѹɽȫΧȫܣ巢Եڵء
ԶһЩȻûбѹסͳȴ궼˲ڣ̲סڵأ巢Ĥݡ
ʥ֮
һ̣˶ˣʥٻֵģ˵߶ͷų޾ѹ
ˣսҪˣдʥ࿹ĻǽѰ
ӦòɣЩȻҲ֪ʥĺġ
Ĺ֮УҶҲȻܵӰ첢󣬵ȴҲ
ʥ֮
ֻ屻ҡһ£ûͷųκε͵
ҶʱĿɿڴҡһ¾ôǿѹҪĴ߶ĻǺ


1374 ̽
ֻҡһ£ͷų˿־ҶףΪʲôؼҵ֮꿴ԼֳֵĻ긫ʱᷢŪˣȷȣʥԼмֱûзӳ֮һ
ŵʥǵͨ˵Уһ޷ӳֻоֲܴ߶ҪʹãҪۼʵ
⻹ֻԵ˵ʥĻҲͬǿʵԽǿˣܽܶͷų
ҶΪ֮ȻԼܹۼʵԼеʥٿݺ޵ˡ
ڣҶӿҪʵҲҪϽ֮
ʱһֻͻȻ֣ɵ˳УֱУɫһ֮Ѿɱֻ࣬ɱǵʥ޺ἶޣ
仰ڳ˶̲ס˿ʥ޺ἶޣȻ˵˿̽Ĺֻ֪ޱ˵ʵͷˡ
һǰ̽ǣº滹иĺ֣
ɫصĵȥڿʼκֻҪ̤ĹΧ֮ڣ̴߶ɱ
ҶѪ֮壬Ҷ˳ʦôˣѵںϳĹгʲô𣿡
÷ҶҲüͷ˰κ¶ȻɫϸЩѪԼԭĹķӡȫ֮УԼϣ
󷨣
˶Ŀ˷ҶȴֻǿҶӦüǵһŵȱݣӦˣҲ֪֪ѪסԼͨթ죬Ȼӳһ٣һգȻᱻѹԱҪ졣
ҶϡˣҲ˵ˣûգ֮٣ǲ鷢ģҪ졣
ѵʦ־һֱˣʲô𣿡
ҾͲ֪ˣΪҵļУû˳ֹΡ
Ȼ֪ڵʵȻûа취ܹ׻ָֻмȴ
ҶʱҲ׼뿪ĹˣڸѾʼʱпܷԼҪͳ干
һʱ֮󣬾˶ԹĹ˹ҲͬˣʵʵڵĿܡ
Ҳо֮ͨˣҾݳ峤˵߿ܵʵٴﵽ˶ľ硣
ǰιӦòͬһˣʵһĿֲ
¶뵽˸߶Ƚ䱸״̬֮У̬ѾʮֵΣЩϵ̽ȻֻǿʼԿ϶ǻķ
ɫҲȻѾϧһдҪΪε峤ҲϣԼȫû
֮£ּĵˣԼûܹȫˣ˵ˡ
Ҳ˹Ĺ֮Уճ˼ҪԶĹִⲻϣҪ
潫еԼǰ̴ʦ뿪˵ء
̣Ҳߣ
˵¶ɫǽ嶼˳ǶԷȻҲϹ˵Ҳ̣һɣҲ˸ԵʥҪԿ塣
⻰һʱվ𾪵ĵѵҪս񹲷֮£
ʥʥĶԿǾһֻԵѣƻҪ㣬»Ƕڣ˵Ƭ֮еˡ
ͷһ۹ڰָʹ
ΪʲôҪôﲻʵ
Ϊ۹ҪսͲЩڴս֮лźǵ⣡
Ҷһ׹˵ļе
ڷ˽ʱҶʼΪΨһߣȻ֪֮ʵʮͬ۹ͥԲ۹Ը⿴ġ
Ǹյ˵۶Ѿʧˣ۹ȺףֻĿԼȻ֣ȴǸһᣬһսĻᣡ
⣬൱Ƿ۹ǿߣΣ۹Ҳϣٴο࣬Ҳ᲻ϧһдֹ֡


1375 ʥ
۹ʵʱۼɽܵʮеһ֧˿ʼձŹ̬ȣҲû֣ƺȫڽԹĹ̽ĸû˿Ĺϵ
Ļָʹ¶˵Ļǿɾ̫ˣ
Ҷͳ˵ķУ۹ĿԷǳ
ʱһһĹȥۿڱΪӦƽɹһҹʱͻȻһǿѹճ֣ͬһΡľɽһ㣬صѹĹϿգԶʼ
ɫʱ䣬Ϊѹʵ̫Ϥˣʱʥе
ˣˣΪЩ˾ȻĸҶʥԿǣȫǲһа
ʲô˺ƴˣǲʲȣûʲôù˼ɵģ
ĸλϱǿʱ̲ס׷˲ͬ
漱æ˶ʥ죬߶壡
壡
Ѿǽڶη죡
𶯣ͬһ㶸Ȼ̮ʥѹڿԻأΪ֮ڡ
Ҷʵ֪ĸʥ𣿡
޷֪ʥĴ·ʵĿΪ˲֪ǵݣ
죬Ȼסˣ˺ҳȥҶҲ
Ϊ峤ڴ˿Σң侲ָ˵жһǿڴ˵رǸȥ
ҶȻҪһ𣬵֪ԼʵԸһЩǿ߻УЩܹηʥĸǵǰֻܹԹԵ
ūȻʯͷһѪ֮ǰȻľʹ˳߲ѣλʵͻ᲻һе׷ȥ
ĹϿգɣͬһƬޱ޼ʵĲϼһ㣬գĸ֣ڴʱ˿Ҳ۾ĸо
ʥѹ̺糱ӿڣƬɽܵļɽζƺҪεضһ㡣
¡
һâӿмһʥĹȻ㲻ʽĹȻֻ̽ǿ񱩵ȴɽĳ
ɽ𶯣Ĺҡ
֮ϴƬĳʯ£Ѫ׶𶯵λͬʱ֣ԳһƬƴĹĻ֧ĹǽѪ׸λסԲַܵ
֮£ū˹ƽ⣬վߵѪ֮ǰڹе૵ĵˣūˣ
˵֮󣬹ūȻϵĹ׸ǣ¸Ѫ֮ϣȻ˫ֱסѪףһ͵ؽѪױϡ
˿̵Ĺū뷢ţѪף쳣䣬ųǼˣǲùˣ
ã˸ҳȥ
һͷûм֣Ƕ֪ūʵ;ģԱκ˶ҪҳţԼȻȥˡ
䣡
һ촫ʥٴη˹ͬرһ㣬˵˲ɽȣĴڣɽȱȻѾΪƽء
ˣȻвٳʥѹ֮£ֱӱһѪʬ޴档
Σв˶̱˵ϣȻǶ֪սѾʼȴ˭Ҳûе뿪ȻҲ޷뿪Բ֮ڵĿռ䶼Ӧʥѹεסռ֮ţȫ޷ȥ
ʥܹ֮ܵģڻڣǳЯķƣһıá
еȫ·۶ɵĻǣϵͷų޾Ĺԣͬһ㣬һʥӵѹ
ȻⲢǾһȫΪʥĶԿŸոĻû
һû֪ǵȻܹ֧Ŷãһ֧ô˽ȥѪɺӣ
ĸȻ壬ѵĲЩ˵𣿡
ǵĿ࣬Ϊֹǲκģ˵ˣǣҲûٵ
ǧҪ鰡ǽǾ
ЩУǱŹ̬ɽۻȻڵԼҲҪ뵽սеʱǶˣƴϣִսǧҪȻĻǽ˵ĩա
֮ϣ۶ɵһֻ޴ĳӣ죬һֻᣬѾɽȣںͿ֮еʥԣսʱܱ


1376 ѰҰ
ʥĶţ˶ǲΡΡĹ֮УҲŬĸӦһʥϢϣܹжϳԷϧ޴жϣԷʥĴ·Σѭ
ɽ֮⣬ʵһʥѾ֣乬촸δκֻסʮˣŴȻӦҪӵеʥֱȴҲûʥ
ȻþƱø˷룬Ϊ乬֮⣬κһпǰеĵˡ
ҶȻ˿̰ﲻæȴڼٵתͷڿǣҪҪԼʥҲó
ʥԼ޷óЩǲٿصĻӦܹһЩá
뵽ʥĶԿѾ˿ֲѹٶһһǱʥҪǿһʥ֪Ƭܷܵס
ҶٵȵȣΪֱڣսûϵĿʼеĵҪϧһд۵ĻԼʱٽʥóҲһƴˣ
ʱ򣬳ͻȻһ쳹֮䣺ʽ߶壬
ʲô
Χɽ֮ʮ𾪲ѣ
Ҫ֪ʥȻѾнˣǱ˴˶ֻڶţûչڳ澹ȻҪȷеĵҲʥзǴսĿʼˣ
Ҳе㾪ȵĵ峤Ҫ𣿡
ɫ䣺˶ˣҪһֱֻǸӵ޼ɵߣҪΪҳǣ˴ͬھ
ʱ֮кȻһŹֵЦ峤Ůкܣʵ
֮еϼ⿪ʼͬˮһ㣬ٵȥԷȻˣ
Ȼ֮˲Ըͳͬھ
һʥĳߣڳ˶̲ס˿Ҳһ˿£ʵҲ֮̽ڶԷȻˡ
ɫؼָֻһƬһصȻ⣬˶֪һжûн
ʥȺǽǿֲѹȻڣҹﻹһҪ뿪ˣڿ뿪ʱȴûһԸľʹȥˡ
սܻڻȻΣգֹģĴսҲȷʵǰꡢǧꡢ궼Ѽġ
ټϺܶ˵ﶼһ˿ҵ뷨Ÿĵ̣ӦòҪٵǵЩҵɣôֻҪû£ڳȻҲ¡
ˣЩջǾ
ȥֵҹ䣬˶׹ɽȵķ򣬶Ĺ֮еĳ˸Ǿ߶ȽţŻ᲻е˳ҹɫǰ
ȻϵǣһҹȻƽɹҹҲǰȻûκ鷢̽ûС
ðڻǵ˲ʧΪеĵ˿³ĻƴһеĴ߶壬ԲٶԹĹˡ
ʧʧȴҲתעеһϣĴƷҺ֮ĶԶģ
ҶҲȷʵ뿪˹ĹΪҪȥ취Ұ֣ûô棬Ϊеĵķ˹Ĺ
һвǱǰƽˣ
Ϊ˲ó£ҶںƤ˷ħפأΪ̫ͷħס
ǵϵʱȴ֪λǰڼǰѾ뿪ˣǷͷж֪Ǹʲôȥˡ
Ϲħ˵ȻѾָ˱ĿҶħŵǸˣ
ʵҶѾԼݸϹ飬ȻϹؿƿ˸̫ͷħ֮⣬ûħ֪
ҶмĳϹ˵ͷȴޱ飬˪һͷɫͷΪҫۡ
лң˵ս
ϹԼ̫࣬屾ǲĳˣҶսھ̫˿
ħҶתȦӣĽĵǴʥսǰʦܣôƷι㵽ʲôϹ飬һ˵ˣ
ҶȻҲ˵ʵħȻ⣬ЦĻ˸ҿɶڵͼƷҼľԶأ׼ʲôʱʼ
Ҫ죬ʱûȥǣ֣ħ֣ȸˣ
Ȼ̫ͷħڣҶȻҪȥİ취ȻתҪߵʱϹͻȻţ
Ҷͣ½ŲתϹֻʲô𣿡
Ϲ˫Ŀ֮нţҶĵ㲻ѣ


1377 
Ϊ˿Ϲϳ࣬Ҷ̲סҪڿЦˣԼ֮䣬翪ʼѾǹ֮ͬԼĵһˣֹϵ֮ܳΪѵĻǿҲҲˣ
ȻǣҶ϶ĵͷ
Ȼѣ˱ض£Ϊʲô˵Ϲ˫Ŀ֮нʢҶ۵ĸо
ϹԸǼΪĹ°ǶȲ˵ܹ׿ʳ⣬ΪˣȴҲ˵ĽҶѣ
統̫߹һڵĻ콫һƬҪȥκ˶ܹ¾սҪӵѡ
Ҷ׹ˣǲϹ飬˵ãϹʵȻԼڸЩ֮ӽŮǣǣϣæ͵
Ϲ飬ҶƬ̺ջǽʵ˵˳
֣ħ֣Ƥ̫ǰͷħǰģǼȻڣȻǸȥðա
Ϲûлش𣬶ֱߵҶߣȻ׼ҪҶһȥˡ
ħԭƬ֮󣬲ͻȻһԼԴҵлᱣǰҪ˵ȥ˲֪ҪĽңҶϵܣҲܣҲѣһһ𣡡
⡭ҶЦһº֣µĶһֵл
뿪˷ħĵ̣վڴ֮ϣҶͻȻоһãȻΪڸ֪ԼҪʲô
ʵһѵȥҺǣ˳Ұ⹫ȵȣЩ鶼ҪǿʵΪ̡
ʱһȺ˴˵߾ȻѾָòҶʱʦ˰ǲ׼ҪͼƷҶԶˣ̫̫ˣǶȲˣ
ǰʦ⼸Ʒҵ˿ˣҵ˺üһҪٲֵģƺöҪǸˡ
Щ˵ĶԻҶںݺݵһţһĨãҾͺǶģ
֮ûдսĻ˾ͽͼƷҶԶģעΪʯĵĻֻҪаϵʯԼ룡
Ϣǳ˳һܿ촫ǣʱ˸·˵Ĺע
԰ʯΪĶעµƷʦʱҲûûܹӵ˴ֱʡ
Ҷ֮ԴӦΪ̫еҪʵǧʯҵʥҲһܴչܹӮ˼ƷңǾʯֵ֣óˡ
⣬ڶԶǰ˸ҲϣΪȡʱ䣬˵ĿʱԼϡ
ʱȻҲ漣أ
󲿷˶ⳡĶǳڴȴЩҶͼƷңЩ˾ǸĶķ
ҶǣܹйζԶģζ˾֮ķʧأ۹ĶķĴڶҶˡ
ڣ¥ͷħĶķ֮⣬ŵĶķڰҶǲҪսѡԼңԸĹĴս
ҶȻҪģȻҪǰķȥ̽̽·
һȥľ۹ĶķΪֹϴҶ׼ģĹˡ
ٴҶķûţҶͿˣº飡
ǰ죬ЩӶǵԶĵϢ֮ǳˣȻϣͨǵݺҶλ˴ùϵ
ٴο飬Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ죬ƺֻŮܹ֪ԼݣԼθıòϢܱơ
飡
ҶʶԺʱ¶˴֮ɫȻû뵽ҶȻʶˡ
Ҷ磬ЦŻӦҪͰҿͦģһҪǰϲļƷʦǸܣ
Ҿɣ飬̹ôˣ
ǼҪɢ͵ļңҶʼ޷ġ
İɣܺãи굽һʱܸԭˣ
ǾͺãлˣҶһˣ飬Һܺ棬ΪʲôҲôıò㶼ϳ
֪
ǰ
ðɣҾ͸㣬ΪǸĴڣжϳݵġ
ʲô
ĻشҶһԼϵĶȥˣҪҳȻпҲͨϳԼ
ɣ֪ǿǴ֮鰡


1378 ֮
֮飡
ҶԺʱ򣬼ֱͬ׹£һƬãȻ
ǰҶոմǧ˪֪һؼıΪ֮飬ܹ֮۾Ҳ۵Ļżĺô
Ҷϸϸ׷һ¾ʲô֮飬ǧ˪ȴ˵ֶҵõ
Ȼû뵽ȴԼԼϾ֮Ĵڡ
Ҷ磬ôôȰǲǱҵܣ˼ˣʵҴӵһμʱ򣬾֪֮ˣʼղᣬҲûʣߣС
ҶԺǽ˹æֱ飬ˣԼ֪ʲô֮飬֮龿ʲôӣ
ʱҶոմӰԴ뿪ʱûڻڵõκζҲ˵֮ӷ˽ʹˡ
Ǿʲô֮飬Ҷһͷˮ
Լ֪˾ȣ֪ҾͲ㣬Ȼ취ƭˣӿˣأ
飬ͱЦˣϽҰɣ
ҶڰˣԼϾҪͼƷҵ˽жԶģʱܹۣԼõӮĸʾ͸ˣ
ԣǷһŶ
У˵ɣ
ʵ֮һֲ
˵仰ʱҶͻȻһ㶣ֶĸоԼǰĻ
ûʱ룬ΪȻڼ֮ͣʵûʲô̶״κ״£γ֣
Σ
Ҷзɿתͷ˼ԼεĶ
ͬʱҲǴŵɻԼãôվ﷢ȻϹħҲע⵽Ҷüͷƺ˼ʲô顣
飬ˣ
һ£ת뿪
Ҷ磬ס֮֮ͬһ麮һҪԻ潫֮Ϳκ״ˣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶˣԼϵȷһεĶ
ǻڷ˽ʱ򣬺Ҷе͸һ
뵽ҶæϹħʱ£ҪϽȥһˣ
˶һ㶣ȴҲûжʣֻǵͷҶһ뿪˶ķ
ص֮УҶǶ˰æԼȡ˳
һֻгһƴССˣ
СӵһкףԴ˫۽գɫ΢죬㣬ּΪӲģȥȫһ˯˵һΩΩФ
֮𣿡
ҶģĶҲ˵ʵ˸ԼᵽĴڣֻԷͬɲ꣬ټԼҲʵ̫࣬ˡ
Ǹ˾ǺͬΪ̣
壬ľϵ壬ľϵһжŵĸӦ֮Ҳһֲܹܵ
Ҷţ˵һбľˣΪֻԼ֪£ܹ֪֮Ĵڡ
δ۵ҲȻĻ֪˵Ҷˣ
۾
ҶȥĿ֮飬˵ʵ֣Ͼ֮״һСкۣҶĸоҪĽԷڳ
ˣû֮󿴿ϣˣ
Ҷֱð𣬽֮Ȼ֮֮⣬һͬҺһĶʼڻֱճ塣
ȻһĻҶ𾪵ΣǾ֮ڵǸε˫֮оȻᣡ
֮ڿޣ
Ҷŵüæյ˻棬˫۵е֮飬ͬʱʶ串ǣһ顣
֮ϲδܵκεϢҶ԰ģȻǲδ䣬ͬһ㾧Ө͸ɢ߲ʹâ䶼
ۣ᲻ָľеأ
ҶħϹ鶼˽ǿǸ֪֮飬ȻҲþޱȣȴ޷Ҷʲô顣
ҶһҧƴˣԿᣬܱҽ˫۾ڳҪã
˵֮ҶСĽȡУֱȻĽֱεԼ˫֮С

ĵ룬һͻȸͻȻҶ˫дȵĻۿȼգ̼̲סʹĽţǰһڣ˫۾Ȼʲôˡ


1379 صѡ
Ҷû°ɣ
Ҷϵܣ˵㣬㵨ӻôŹֵĶҲ۾Σȥҵˮϴϴ
ҶģҽУϹħһ
Ҷڰֵãž۵Ч
˫֮Уֻջǵĸоûг̫ñȻʧˣȡ֮һ⣬غС
һһ䣬ͬҶĽķ
ֹһᣬħȵĵҶϵܣ۾ôˣѽѽѽ͸ˣܿ飬Ҳ̵ģòж˰ɣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˫۱ɫ͸״̬ҲͬɫһӨ͸âҫʮ
û£ҸоöˣӦ󣡡
Ҷ״̬һһҹʱ䣬̵Уϵת۵Ĺ̫ϱ仯ʼǹɫֱڶİʱ֣ɫſʼˡ
ɫʾ֮Ҷ˫۴ϿѾָ˫۵ʱе̫ȻϻϢͬ޾ֻһ㡣
ô
ħϹʵ
Ҷգգ۾Цеĵ˵ͷ۾ѾָЧ
ۣ֮
ǵûУ֮ۿ϶磬ǰǿ˲٣ߣȥķԿ
ΪҶ֮˽ʱ䣬ǶԶĵӣԽζҪĦһսˡ
Ȼε֮СҶ֪Ȼı϶ЧֻԼ֪ȵպ˻ʱʸ
뿪סҶϣ˴Ĺ֪Ĺû˿֮Ҷķ
ԼͼƷҵĶԶģȻ˸עǶʱֹͣ˶ڹĹĹ
ֻȵԶĽ֮󣬴սȻУʦָܹ
ڽϻû߳Զ˵Ķ߾ǵص֮
ԭҶͻȻŲüƷҵٴҵ˿ɣڮ٣˵˼ƷңԶҳ֡
ЩԣҶֻһЦ֪ȻŷЩСǷųģҶԶĵĹؼɲǿ;Ӯģ
ȥĵطȻԾ۹Ķķķ۹˿Ҷһ÷ȻǶʮּޣҶֻЦЦҲᣬ˵ھŸ䡣
ټķ֮мˣҶվſ˰죬ΪԼߴ˵ط˲гأ
ôôˣ
㻹֪أЩ˶ҵģħЦĵ
Ҷеôҵģ綮еļƷʦ˵ǽ֮еĵҩҲδܹҵõ
Ҷ̴ܶͬкǺһŪҶЦãԼ治֪ʲôʱʼԼȻôࡰѡ
֮תһȦ֮Ҷɫ뿪ˡ
ҶϵܣǲǷֵˣħ˷֮ɫʵ
ϴҶŷʤĶԶģҲڳȻ֪Ĵڡ
ˣ
ʲôĳɾˣԼܣ
ӦҲûֻҲûϴεָо
ȥҶķÿҶķ˿ǣ޲̽ŹϣֹҶ롣
ҶЦ֪֮䣬ԼҲʦּƷʦķ緶жķΪ˲ܻӭˡ
еĶķת֮ҶͼƷҵѡ˶Զĵĵص㣬乬Ķķ
ʵҶȻѡ۹ĶķΪԶ֮صģһʱǰ۹ʵ̫࣬ǵھŸʣµĶҲûж٣ҵƷȥ۹ģƼˣ»ԼϾ۹ϻǻͳߣˣҶ͸ɴѡѾ۹˵乬
乬˵õϢ֮ˣһֻĶڵѪ
ĴƷɳļƷʦԼйʥ͵ˣ˾ԻὫ乬ķеƷҳҴߡ
乬벻һеĽȫɱǾܾǵĽ룬ҪЩ۸񰺹͵ͳͳʵûô
ιζԶĵ֪ἫΪӴ󣬵ʱȥ۹ҲڻˣֻĽпʵ
һϣҶͼƷҵ˻û乬ķ֮ѾΪĵ·µˮйͨ


1380 ʤ
ò˵εľʵ̫ˣǰսУһǿǼȫ룬ЩͲµϼһҲӵ
Ⱥ֮вϵĿԷһŲǹȥڶպ֮ˣһЩ˵Ѿġˡ
ǲǹҵ̫ϳʮǰôôҲˣ
ʲôϡ棬㿴λʥĸǰʹ˵ˣִˣ
˵᲻ҲӹĹۿⳡԶİ
˶Σȴĵ֮ʱƷҵȳ֣ƺƵһʮˣΪ׵һλĹϡߣ˫Ŀ磬֮䣬ʮ㣬ĴƷҹϵǿľƷƷʦۡ
ڽ۵󻹸ҲǴ˵ͷӣǾҵļƷʦһ𺣬ŷʤүүŷ
εĶԶģʵŷͶǧۼٳɵģȻĻĴƽﶼǸ˵ˣϵļƷʦͬʱ֣ˡ
һеԭΪŷʤλΪŵƷʦԴҶ֮󣬻صƲ֣ɼŷϧһдۣҪԼӱѩޡ
ȻŷʤŷҲˣŷʤɫûдϴҶӰ߳ŷȴɷƶһһѩǰܡ
ǽ˶ķ֮ûãҶҲˣϹħ֮⣬ǧ˪Ҳˣϵǣŵ¾ȻҲЦ棬С
û֪λŵʲôʱҶϵôˣ˵ɲʲôϢ
Щ˺ҶߵԽʹǱĸԽ£ҶЩҪҶҲҪؿһ¡
ΪҶͬʱħ壬̫¥žǷֵã
ҶһɫƽҲ˶ķȺ룬乬ķĴŲʽΪſھۼʵ̫࣬òЩƣЩСˣ˼Ŷýֻվš
ȻЩԹԣȴŭԣֻĿһһ롣
ķ֮ڣ乬˶һҶĿҲǳ˲ƣҶûǣĵھŸ䡣
۵ѾȺ򣬿ҶŷɭɭĵСӣΪ㲻أٺ٣
ǧȻҲڽ۵ϹζЦͬԼӶССĵĹлֶ˵һѿ۸Ӧûῴһˡ
СΪŵǿ̫ˣһҿҪ۾˵ôģ
˵ĶԻѾڳĸҶĶԶģǶʯһҪ
ǧ˪ʵȥˣһתŶǧЦĵǰ˰˵ǰʱɵĴŶҪ˵̤ˣǻˣ֪׼˶ʯʵ̫ˣ
һĻ˵Ķǧ۵ʱȥΧ֮иЩϼһǺ޼ɵĹЦ
˭֪ǧҶϣ˷۱͸Ҷʮʯˡ
СһŪ࣡
ܶǧһӻ𣬵ǻ治ǧ˪ôȻҲǴɣǺ͵¥ȴһĲġ
ǧ۲ҵˣǼƷθСȴ׷׿ȥˣִԣǰαظСѾͷƬһʶģһǹ޶ûˡ
ǣСӣ㵨ӻǴ󣬾ȻҸĴҵ˶ԶģʱôĶ֪
Ҷ۶ǣǶŽ۵һȺСߴߴģɺͳ쵽ҶģǺҶģ
˫ûʼԶģҩζѾʮ㣬˶֪Ķľ֣ȻἫΪʡ
۵ϺȻ¶һƽ͵ЦݵСѵüִ棬˵ҲģȻҺģ֪Сôģ
۾Ȼ̬ǫͣΧ˳һҶҲ΢΢һ㶣ȴӿ˹ɲõĸоϼһ
ǰʹ󣬻ɣԷȻôˬ죬ҶȻҲС
ãҾ飬Ƕһʤ˲ҪʯҪԼѡƷ
ԣ
ʹ죬ǾͿʼһ


1381 
ڶһЩϼһǵȤǶΪ˿ĵԲûи˵󣬷ǸǿǶ°Ȼ
ǻᣬԶҪʱ򣬷õܴǵġ
ҶԼһۣʶǧ˪˵Ǻұֵ룬Ҫ̫ҡ
仰˵ɫΪ֮һ䣬֪ҶĶԷпܻѡĹɱ֡
֮Ҷ㿪ʼרѡΪûʱƣҲżĹ۲š
Ѫڻ۴򿪣չ¶ҶǰЩ̫ӵסҶ۾Ŀֱӽ䴩͸Ŀ֮Ʒס
Ҷĺô򵥵ƺ͵ֱӿ۾͸
һȦתҶѾ˼µĺѡĿꡣ
ٿ۵ˣҶжһ£Ҳͨһ飬Ȼѡ˫ٶȶ²ࡣ
ֻҶֻһˣûһ£ϾߵЩ˭ƷǿɾͲͬˣĸͷἷһĳһСš
˵Ҷںͽ۶ԶģʵĵںĴƷҶԶģ
ˣǧ˪ˣΪҶӮĿܣֻǾˣʧʯ֮⣬Ҳûʲô˵ġ
Ҷתתȥתһ̵ĳԱߣӳߣ磬̣ͨӨ͸Ǵڵʮʯ
˺ĵѵȻǳĿԲΪмλƷʦȫˡ
Ҽǵ˵ϵڶģϾѾƻıȻԭٺõҲֵǮˡ
Ҷã˵ͷߵһɫİƴСĶǰͷȥϸۿ
𶦲ֵʯ
Թ۵˻û˵꣬ͻȻݡһƿ֮𣬴Ļ֮ϾȻһƣ絶ֱҶȥ
ͻȻıҶɫһ䣬ҶȻҲʮ𾪣ʼնڽ䱸ţԴ˿̷ӦʮѸ٣ˣֻſͣȻһŭ
𣡡
֮ŭ֮۳һεӭײǵƣ鿪
ô£ôˣ
϶СҪԼƷ̽ܣƵı仯ºˣѾˣƱǿд۸ģҲܵƻʯ
˵ⷬŷΣЦϲϵҡͷһΪϧӡ
乬⻰̹鿴ȻĵײѾһСȻƻڣȷǷˡ
乬˿ɾͲˣҶɵģҪ
ƾʲôֵܸûô˿֤ħʱˡ
ŷһЦ֮ʱƾ۹ܸĻˣﻹ
ϰӡħǰ޽ɣ
ȻҶȴһֹ̧ûʲôҲСģˡ
Ҷüͷûգһ£˦־ӳ˰ʯѾΪĶ
㣬ʲôѾ˰ǧ˪۵ĵ
Ҷ˫֮бʵƣһ꣬ͽϵƸȫĥȻ󽫶ݵǧ˪ǰЦеİ£ϸ
仰˶һ㶣ѵ˵ʲôòɣһʱĿⶼе˶ϡ
ǧ˪Ҳе㲻⣬ֽӹȥĿȻڶײƿ֮пһ˿һŵĽɫ;Ǿ𣿡
ʲô
ĸ֣жеͬг
ѵһļƷϣΪоֲͬ·һҾֵʯ
ҶЦŵͷ˻˫ٴһ꣬ԭȵɫȥʱһĿĽ
ɫĶѾһɫĶâҫۣһֽɫ̫
ҲȻɾƶɵĶ⣬һذɣ
Ŀɿڴе̲ס̿ˮ
Ҷĵ˵Ұɣ
ʮʯ
Ⱥˣ˵̫˰ɣȻ˶Ǳ۵ݺһ£ȴĵõ˾𣬰תۼ䷭ı
üƷҺ乬˶ͣưͿԵп˵
ҶպãĿ˽ۣղŵƲıģǽģȻǹҪɱԼ
ʱ۵ߵһĥ̴СʯӡǰҶһЦɫڵ
£һ㣬ֱȥ䡱촫ǿʯӡֱը˿


1382 ɱ
ʯӡըʯĽΪ£Ȼ۵ϼһﶼʱ˻֣סʯǵĺǿɾûôķӦˡ
żĲҽĴҵ˶ʱ˵ϣ֮ϱʯֱӶӣѪֱ
ħֻĴЦѧأҲ۸ƣϧǵĵк񲻹ôʯӡŪըˣԼҵ˶ŹĺϽɣʯӡʮʯɣ
£乬ߵĴҵǰ̯ҪʮʯǸղűҶôصľȻŹ̻ص㱾ǮĻᣬԵһͬʡ
ĴҵˣֻҧͳʯҲϵЦݣݺݵĵҶôĵӣ
ҶһЦҵӲҵٴĻǾͲֻôˡ
Χ֮˶̲ס˿˼ǹڶͬʱɱˣּƷϵɱ˷ʽգ˷ʤ
ҶҲĴҵˣתߵǰǸ̵ĳ֮ǰ˫ۣƬ̺ѡˣ
˴󾪣ΪмλƷʦѾˣȻҶȻѡ
ǱߣҲѡһ
˫ͬʱĽ˴ϣҶѡӵƷƷڱҶĥͬʱȻת˴·
ڽ۵ķֻƷһҶʤ
˵ʵҶԼû뵽Ӯһ֣˵ˡ
۵˵ҲеҲסжҶֲû˵˸ˣԼȴҶˣջ˵һ֡
ߣ
۴һӣ뿪ֱȥħںߺιιιѡȻֻƷǻʯ컹ǿԵģ
ʵֻеȵľֳʤ֮󣬲Żóעħⲻڹ̼Ĵҵˡ
ᵽĵЩϼһǿɾȫ˾ˣһ͸˼Ѫһķӿȥٶ֮죬Ī
ȻҲϻ˸ѡ
Ҷߵһŵҩ֮ǰûüҩȻҲը˿ĩĽͬʱһɵ˱ǣ̼ҶͷһѣΡ
ǶҿϺ
ҶʱףۿŶһֽţҪԼ뵽Լǰٶ֡
ԱƵѨλ֮Уɢ˳ҶħҲУһ˿ʱ࣬˾͸һڵϣ°ĭҿҶӦʱֱһϣǿнڵĶԼڣȻ˳ȥ
ħվ˫۶Ž۵ˣ۾ҪˣŶĶԾԼңҶѾˡ
ȴһЦˣҳû̹Ҫس𣿿ûıӦ
ϰӣݣԺǽҵĵñ֣ȻĻûܱ֤ǻܻŻȥ
Ϊħ壬ħηĴңȻķв
⻹ý۵ɫ΢΢һ䣬ħв
Ҷк䣬˫ſʼһضĹ켣֮£嫱ӿ֮ϣܲ塣
ҶǴɣ۵ȻҲˮǴߣڵƵĿƸӵĵӦ֡
飡
۵˸һŵҩըߵĽɫҺ壬Ȼ۵˶ÿ죬ǵĺȴɵù
ЩҺǿҵĸʴԣϱϼΣʱڻ˿ǧҲΪһ°ϵĺֱӸյء
ĸ֮⣬˶˵Զ
۲úǸˣᣬָһǣû뵽ȴǽ˻ݡ
СӣͬʱѡŵȻһͬһζӮ顣
ҶûҶĴƷʦͿʼĶǣɱҶڶѡԼĵ
ҶѡŵֱΪۺ̨ѡŵǻȪǡ
Ŀŵֵܼʮʯ̨ͻȪĹĹ֮УǴڴ˵س˰ĵҩʼʽ
ѡ˵ҩȺЩϼһȫ嵽ǰ棬ʼִ
ȼۺǣҶһٶˣѡǣ
ҾȼǪ̈̄ȽϺãǿĹУڵʱֹ꣬궼ˡ
ƺг񣬹һЦֹ˵ִ԰꣬һһȼǣ


1383 ̫
ǣǵҩ֮ϲǵɫӡǣͬǶһ㣬˵
۵ǣͻȻ֮ƺһ㣬εס˵ҩ
ţ֮ϵƾȻһһɲǼͬһյƣ͵Ĺâȫ֣ͨ͸Ƹ֣ǵڲҲɼ
ֻһɫǵڲתÿתһζɢһЩǵĹԣЩԻ͸ҩıҲǵҩ֮Щɫӡǵ
۲ΪƷƷʦȻܹڲƻƵ¾ͽҩڲ״չ¶
飡
һλͷгΡΡָǵǵıԴֻδճΣֻҪھһʱ䣬γɵ飬ǹⱣ˵ƣѵĳɳʱ䣬ƻƵĻܿܵҲ֮ʧ֣ȻǸ֣
ͷôһ˵˶ʱȻȲ˶ΪǹŪȻڲ֪ԭΪǳɳΪʥ
۹ǫĵֹˣΪƷʦҪҪ֪λ
˵֮󣬽ۿҶѾǣڸˣ
ȻǻʥѾʥĳΣʱձȻΪʥýʤȯգ־
ڽۼĹ̵УҶһֱڰдȺѰλصߣϧԷû
۵ĻҶͷѡĹеǿ̨
ͬһҶ̨ģ˫֮һһĿ⣬Ŀڿн֮󣬾ȻֱγһԲһɫһɫȻǸ̫ͼ̨ǣ
⣬̫۴ˣ
̵Ҷ۵ľ磬޲һζҶֽ֮һ
ҲĿܳΪ֮ĵڶλƷʦ
̫ͼ̨֮еâһȪһϵĳˢ̨ı档
ֳˢ֮£̨ȻҲͨ͸ڲһСĽӲӵĶ
ʲôѵҲǵ飿
񣬵Եģᶯģһ
˵ĵ飿
һȥ۶ɣ̾ͻɢܻʵ¡
˷׷ײ²̨ڲĶȴûһܹ˵⾿ʲôȻҶҲܡ
֮Ҷѡ̨Ϊۿ͸ȴܸܵвһɹŹֵϢ
ϢΪԶҶԺĵĸоʮֹϡ
ŷβмĵʲôƶû׼ʱĳֲϵķɣ
ǧͷֶ˵ĺевֻǷŵȻҲǷϵ
ħǰϼһǵ˵λǰһѧʶԨʶ𣿸Ͻ˵˵⵽ʲô
һϼһԼͬҡҡͷҲû
乬ʦҲˣ̨˰죬ҡҡͷҲΨһİ취ǽҩʿ²֪
ǲУϼһǵͲͬ⣺һǺöƿҩпıɷϵ
ô죿
ȥ˰ڸϲǶ϶֪ġ
ܱϼһ֮Ϊϲ֪Զ˵кԸµȥˡ
Ą̊́ȷŵһߣڻûǸϽȪۼˣģһǰϲˣֶ˼ˡ
Ȼڵȷ޷жϳĄ̊́ĺûҶͽҲֻȼȪֻۣ˭Ҳû뵽ű˼˺ĵҩȻȫǷϵ
ǣⳡľʤĹؼͼĄ̊́ϣҶӮˣǶľ־ͽˣҶˣǻҪѡһŵҩġ
ҶǽȴҪȷֳĄ̊́ʤ˫ҲǸִΪԼĵҩ
ŷε˺ħȻƤ϶˫òɿʱͻȻһ۹ˣ
һλĿ˽׷ѩЩϼһǶԾıͣΪǷҵμʵ֮ߣۣû뵽Ȼڻڡ
Ҷһ⣬а𾪣˼᲻ǰҹϮĹľ֡
Ҷͷת꣬һɤ𣺡ļҵ̫ϳϼݵ
ǧ˪ȻϲĽгڣҲ˰
¥Ҳˣ
һλվڻ۷֮ϵĶ֣ȫȻһƬžƬžȴһϵƣ಻ţҲ̨
˶ʱѭȥλڳ£Ȼ˸ӧȻҲһλǿߡ
Ҷ˺ܾõλ߻Ĵ˽ͬʱҶ۾ȻɵԲΪߵ󻹸һˣ˲Ǳˣǡ˳


1384 
ڿ˳һ̣Ҷһ̲סͳ˹ȥԼѵֵܣּһ˿ġ
Ҷ뵽ԼĿǰݣʱ¶ĻԼ鷳ȻҲὫһЩ˸ǣȥ
ҶסˣֱֻĶ˳ȷ𣬶ΪƺԼȶ˶٣ĵ֮Ȼһɽ⣬һβ͵һϵת
Ҷ׵ж˳һһЩ
˳˿ҲڶҶ֮͸¶һ˿ɻȻϳڵҶ֪Ϊʲôòİˣȴһ˵Ϥ֮С
ڳĸʵ̫࣬Ҷʶ˳һֻ΢ЦĶ˳˵ͷҲòĻӦһ¡
ţҶֿߣ˵ʵԴٴ֮Ҷʼһֱûҵû뵽ڽĹؼʱȻ֣ҸľǣȻ˳ߵһ˵Ĺϵƺܽ
˵ĿҲߵϣ˳ǱԶԣλߣҲӡϴҶŷʤĶԶУʦΪ˰ͽŷңȻƭˣƣָ˵
ȻҲʵ͵λϲǰλ֣֮Ͼ󼰵ľ硣
ʱȻһԣ׵ľͽ˵ע˹ȥֻޱɨһߺջĿ⣬Ҷͽۡ
ȻǼƷʦһ˫۾ȴϬ쳣Ŀ֮о̲һѹ˶Ҵ
浭ڵ˵ѡ˿Ų֪ʲôĵҩ
ļҵ̫ϳϺ¥Ҳ벽ǰҶߡ
ǿߣȻûͷųʲô˵ƣһվָɽֹԽĸо
ǿߵİΧ֮£ҶָоȻԶʤˣѪҺȻ˼˿ѹ
ߣȴûǰֻվȺǰ˫ֱޱעҶ
Ҷ̨Ȼ֮Уٴʩչۣ֮˫۵Ŀ⽻һ̫ͼʱǿߵͬʱһȡ
ǻˣʵߣҼʶҲܹģֱһİٿȫ顣
һ̫ͼǾ֪ҶѾɣ֮еƣδҶпܳɳΪƷʦ
̫ͼ̨ڲ¶ǸɫСĶʱ˵۹ȻٴαȫĶסˡ
зŹ⣬֪оȻǰһλǿҲ˫Ŀֱʱ·һ㣬еһж뵽һ־ֹ״̬֮С
λǰǿֲ֧סˣ
֧ʱҶڿڣʩչҲҪģҲսҪ٣Ŀǰʵִܼôʱ䡣
̫ͼʧҶ۾ѾָԭȻ̨еǸɫĶҲҲˡ
ǿߺȴȻųĬÿ˶üͷԺ˼Ÿ̫ӵļ䡣
ʱ䣬ѻļ˵ģǿҲҪ濼һ£ǷʶƵĶ
֮ļ̫ϳͻȻڵСѣŵļԸһʯ£
ˣ
ȫļ̫ϳϵ仰סˣſھͿôߵļ۸񣬶ʥҲˣѵ˵̨ĺͽ۵һʥ֮
ºһۣҲ¶ɫǿ֪Լҵλڵģ˵䲻Ļ͵µļո¶ͷǺеĳϣҲֻ˰ٿʯ˼һ¡
ڣȻ͸˰ʯ̨֪ڱصã
ɫһļ̫ϳϵģ˼ǿ⾿ʲôôſھҪĪ֪ʲôˣ
ļ̫ϳ΢΢һЦΪʲôҲҪҲ򰡣û㣬ŵٺ٣Ӧ˵üĿˡ
Ȼǲ׼˵ˡ
ڳĶɵӣ˭ֵ̨Բֹʯ
¥ںȻһϵ϶Ȼӿһɿϲ֮ɫָ̨ѵѵѵ
ӣ֪ˣ˵ļ̫ϳͻȻſڴĻ
¥ڵһۺŶҶСӣƭˣ˪ϣʯ¥ɣ


1385 в
¥ڵĻ˵˿ΪŵҩȻϧǧ˪ҶĹϵҿʯļ۸񣬻ϣҶܹۣܵ
⵽ʲôҩΪʲôôֵǮ
Ⱥ֮пʼ˽ٿȲʤȯĽ۵ˣʱɫȫˡ
ȻҵĲܳʥǵ֣ʱձسʥҲֵʯȻҶŲ̨Ȼתۼͱ̧ʯļ۸񣬶ҿ۸Ļ¥ڣ
Щʹ˵ǰǣĴҲǲǵġ
ô죿
ŷʵ
йâ˸ż۸̧ߣһžǿʥҪ⼸Ϲﲻ˵ҩ˶ķڷӮȻǡ
ҲˣȻļҺ¥ƺ˵ҩȴ˭ҲϹĻǾͻлᡣ
ļ̫ϳϵɫҲˣڵ˵ӣʲô˼
ûʲô˼ȻȻҲ򣬼۸ߵãƽ
Ȼλڼ֮䣬ƺʲôڣ˴˼䲢Ը
۸ߵãļ̫ϳϺȻ¶˴ЦݣͰ׵ĿҶСӣûɣļҵӦüɣҸǴϴϣ׸ļΣ
ⷬٴ˸ˣΪһŵҩļ̫ϳϾȻϧҪļҵ޸Ҷ׸Ҷļң
µɫͬʱһ䣬£üͷһ壬ȴ˭Ҳûп˵һ֡
Ҳˣȫŵҩʲô⣬ǼȻ˶Ѿʼ̧ˣҲܸɿŲ
˵λǼȻ֪ŵҩͷǲ˵Ǵһﶼô˶ڹе˵ȥɣ
ڳ˶뷨Ҳֻзʸ˵˸ûпڵķݡ
Ϊҩ˵ҶͬеҪ̨֪еܣҲſλǰʾŵҩҲҺͼƷҼĶԶи
¥΢һԥã˵
˵ļ̫ϳٴδϣӣҪ˵Ļŵ²һ˭ˡ
ģҪôͱҲˣ
ڶŭˣһѹͷŶ֮з·һɽļ̫ϳȴȻ壬һЦô㻹Ϊ㲻ɣ
һԣɢϢƾչһ磬һЩʵֱһƨ˵ϣ󲿷ҲҡΣ⣬ɴ˿ɼǵĿֲ
ˣؼʱ̣¥վ˳ס˶˵ʵҲֻԼ֪һ㣬Ҳһģ˵ҲãôﶼҲиеˣңСδؿ
ļ̫ϳϺ޺޵һŵҪ˵Ź֣
˶˶䣬֪¥Ҫ˵ҩˣ˭Ҳ©֡
۵˵ϸ粻Ϊһ˵̨һҪʥļֵߣⳡעǿɾͳ׵ˡ
ǣҲûеֹʵǵ̨Ҳһֺ棬֪ʲôͷ
Ȼʱ򣬷ͻȻڵţӣ㲻˵ˣŵˣʮʯ
ͻı仯ȫĪղŷΪ֪ҩϧļ̫ϳ϶֣ôȴֲ˵ˣ
ע⵽ļ̫ϳһ˿Ц֮󣬶ʱȻȻļҳѾҩ͵͵˷档
֪˵ҩҲ֪Կֹ¥ڣһļʱͬˣͬԿ¥
ֿҶСӣֻҪͬ⣬óʮʯȻ㽫ŵңΣ
Ҷŷ棬Ȼ΢΢һЦǰΪŵˣҪҩ֪ͽȥĻҲ̫˵ȥ˰ɡ
ֻҪң̾͸
ٴλȻ̫ˣȽ£Ȼ˵ĻҶ㵽ʱҲˡ
ȻҲһ˵ŵҩļֵԳļ۸ӦԶԶ
ҶЦҡҡͷǰеǿˣʱ
СһҲǿ㣬ҪŶȻЦЦԶһ˿вζ
ˣҲҶĿܣǶ۹ķˣǴġ
Ҳ֪ԼҪļֲºѻ뿪ˡ
ɵĶ֣
һϵͻȻѭȥ˵֮˺ȻʼձֳĬߣ


1386 
ɵ֣
ĸûɵĸеһϢʲôɵʲô֣
ǶڳЩ֪һй·ܵ˵ǵʼһɻǾ絽Ƿɣ֮ϵǷиΪ߼硣
Ȼ˵仰ǵ롰⡱һ£ɵ֣ѵǸ翵
ĻǸɾͲ翣ʵڵģȻҲЩ˶һͷ
״̬ļҵ̫ϳȴתͷ˫֮кε¶ɱ⣬ݺݵĵߡ
ΪѾ̨˵˳ǴȫգʮʯȻȷǺܸߵļ۸񣬵Ƕɵ˵ȴԶԶ
۵ѾɫʥɵͣһĿȻ
ҶоѹԼŵҩʱԹϺĵĸоû뵽Ȼɵ
߸޾λɱ˵Ŀ⣬ž޲Ҳѵõ¶˼λɵֵ˼֮ԻǼһɡ֣ΪⵤҩȷԻ죬Ըߵ죬̺ǿ֣һΪҩӣ
ⷬͶʱ˼һϲҳԭΪɵǸ翵磬û뵽ֻ졣
ˣˣ̨ԴĹĹǰˣ϶ģ
ǰһΪǸɵأʧһȻֻڸĵΪʲôôֵǮҩô£
֪ϸɣǸ߿϶͵ġ
͵Ĳߣ¥ڵҩԣҩҵʦ浱˵ôһ£̫Զ˼ǵòˣˣ֣Ϊַ֣ѿΪҩҩɣ
δأ߽ӹǿ϶ܹͻһ˥࣡
ȫѻȸÿ˶ڷصĴ
ʲô
Ҳ˥֣˾˥ÿһ˥ͻƶΪѣۼҲвһ˥඼޷ͻƣӢš
ȻھȻһֿԿ϶ͻһ˥ҩ֣κ˵ӵ޿ɹļֵ壡
ͻһ˥࣬ζõڵڶεҩЩĵҩЧò֪˶ٱ
һܹʮʮʯļ۸ôܹӵһҩļ۸أ
ʯ
ʯ
ԶԶ޼۵ģ
СС磬ǵŰɣ۸㿪㾡Ҳһ⣡
֪ҩ޼ֵۣڶջڻЩϼһ̲סˡ
ڣǳĹС磬ʯ⣬ֻҪҲۣ
ȺʼӵλǿվҶߣЩϼһҲ˲ˣһʱ֮䣬ȫʧء
һĸǣʱѾԱǽǣû취ǸǶֻ֣һĿš
һģϹһ˺Ҷľ룬ǧ˪ΪҲû£ֻħӦ˰ģ̼ͱһȺͷ̫ûˣֻ𣺡ѽ˵ү㿴ŵ㣬ұˣټҿӶҪˣ
Сӣøλðɰɣү첻ˣϣԲܴ
㻹첻ˣүӹǣҶ»ıһҪѽ˭ŲҪõõãˣҳȥҳȥ
ħȺзʱͷңЬӶһֻǱ˼㣬ͬ˺ΧеҶµĵϣһỹܻų
ҶãȻ˶࣬λվߣʱٴһˣҴ۹ɵ
ļ̫ϳϺٺһЦҵļҲǳȤ
¥ϴŵΣҶһۺҲڵ¥Ҳϧһдۡ
λͬʱ̬ʱЩϼһʱҲûţʶԼĺ󱲣̸ϻظԵĵ̣ҵڼȫΣҲҪһ
ҲЩ֪֪֮ԼùԲûӿҶǰһ߽۰Χ
򲻵ҩ£ǿѾ鱾Դ֮ǣҲǲѡ
λܷȵȣҶһĻҲ̲סߺλﻹĴƷҵĸŶľأܲǷֳʤ


1387 Ʊ
ⳡԶģҶӮң֮ǰԼõĹأҪʯҪԶĹѡĵҩȫԷ
Ҳ˵ǣڽеǿǣӦǹҶУ۽˳ȥʱҪɾ鷳ˣҶҪϿֹ
ʵϽҲ㣬ҶһȺ˸Χ޷ʱ򽫵ҩȻû뵽ҶӦô죬Ҷǵ͵ģһ仰ˣ¾λҲͷԶÿһ·Ȼǳ֧
ЩΧס۵ϼһȻҲֻܷ˿Ҷ˹
Ҷ̨ڽ۵ǰһεʤӦ÷˰ɣ
ȻȴͻȻһЦ˭˵ˣ
ôѵ㻹ɣڽ۵̬ȣҶϵˣҪǿϹԹǲǹ£ֻԼ뿴֮£ǻ׼ŤתǬ
۾Ǵλˣ˵飬պҲɳΪʥ̨ųɵҩӣ֤֣
һ˵֣˭֪ǻ֣֣˭ܱ֤һԳҩأ
λڴʣǶǱǰջɱˣһɵҩôôҿ⣬һжûŪ֮ǰͺ޲ͳҵ£ѵͲȥˮһ𣿡
ò˵۵ⷬЩɵҩۣͷβֻߺ¥˵ģ֣Ҫβ˳ɳΪҩأ
ͻһ˥ҩԲŪȥʱˮʩʾɵĳɳɣ
Сӣ˰ɣ̨ģҲмУۼֵ޷ȣκûȥֻҪϼ꣬϶ԳΪʥԣֶԶģ㣬ǻûзֳʤ
Ʊ磡
Ȼ֪ڽƱ磬κһʱ֮䶼ҲԷĻ԰һſ϶ܳΪʥǣһ˭ҲûаܹɳΪҩ̨ȽֵǮ
һ£棬ļ̫ϳϣ¥ڶͣȻҲûʮİա
˰ŷں޹˼ɵĴЦɵôͷû׼ɵջҪǼƷҵУСӣȽպðɣϽѡһŵɣ
ԱĴҵӼæŵǣ˻˼ܹҪǵĵҩƤ񰡣
ħ̲ס˹ȥǵĵֵߣЦʮ飿ʥһʯǵĵļ۸Ǵﵽʯͳ㣬ǾѾˣ
ߣʿûλǰԸ⻨ʯǵĵˣ
ȷ¥ڶԥʯڵ˵Ҳˣ˶Ҫ¿ǣˡ
۱˫֣ĳĶҶˣҳȷʵǶĵĵĿɲļƷ
ⷬ۹ķҶļƷֻ˵ãǳˡ
˵ļǣ֮ǰӮ˼ļƷʦǰ𲻵κεˣ
ǧۿǴŻܹݺݵĳڶˣȻŹ
Ⱥ˵޳Ҷһһ⣬ҲֻѣҪǶǧ۾׵Լˡ
Ҷе޼ƿʩʱԺͻȻ˳
ҶȻһû뵽˳ȻϳԼһȻˡ
˳ҲȺڵľʦҶ˵ǽǣ϶Լоֹ֮пҶʵݣ
ҶڱעţҲʶشֻܲɫĵͷһ̣˳Ѿ˹Цŵλǰһ£֮ĶԶģҪ˭ĵҩֵΪжʤı׼𣿡
Ŀһ۵ʲôˣ˵ķ𣿡
Ҷ˵˳Լֵܣ˳ȴһǸʦġ
˶ۿ˳Ǹһ߽ģ˵ߵͽܣҲߴ˿üͷƺ˼ʲô飬ûйע
ߵݣڳôû֪ͳҲ˷Һļλֵѹվ̨ȻҲһʵͱû׼ĸɵĸˡ
˳ݣ۵ɫ΢˵ĵĵľ˫ѡ͵ļֵ۸Ӯ
˳΢΢һЦȻˣǾͺðˣⳡľֵʤϾܽˣ


1388 ʤѷ
ȫ˳ˣ֪ܹг񣬿жϳľֵʤ
ֻҶ̤ʵ˳ͷžԵΣЦеĿ
˳ָǵǰŵȥĻܹʯ
۰ȻһЦǶ׼Χϼһλܹٵļ۸أ
ʮʯ
ʮ飡
һ飡
ЩϼһҲӣ̿ʼ׷ױ۸ǿɲģҪǸ
۾Цݵ˵ıۣʱʱĻҶۣʮƶԼһӮˣ
ĶľУҲ᲻ϧһдۣĴƷҵĸͷ֣Ҷϵ֮ǰ˵ҶⱲӶٽķ
ʱǧ˪ħ˶¶֮ɫǿɲϣҶⳡȻҶȴڣŲæɫ˼£˵ĸоȽۻҪг
ڣˣǵļ۸˸̧һٶʮʯ
һĿǰʥҪȴ൱һʱܳΪʥĵҩ˵۸ҲȷǴﵽˡ
𣿡ۿҶ˳ǼֵһٶʮʯҲʿˣҰʰɣλ̨Ըٵʯ
һҲû˿ڣȻÿ˶ԥҪҪðɵ
ôĵĵ򣬺ˣʤѷ֣ǸϽһľְɣ
Ȼ˳ȴͻȻڵţ
˵֮˳Ҷֵܣɷ̨һ£
ҶԥĽҩ˹ȥ˳ٵֵǰʵķʽԣʿ
λǵļ۸һٶʮʯֻҪٶһʯܽпͻһ˥࣬õڶɵߣûԸ֣
˳ѯʵķʽֻǱǵļֵһʯЧ۵ѯʣҪ̫ࡣ
Ȼ˶̨۵ĻЩȻϣǼȻ̨Ѿļ۸ֻǹһʯʱȴ˶ˡ
һٶʮһʯȷ֣һٶʮ飬γˣ
ǾɳΪɵֻʮʱ䣬̨ܹҩǾζŵڶ˵ͻһ˥࣬ܶǧ֮á
һǧ꣬һǼʮ꣬۸ֻһʯ
ѡĸ
һһļž֮ļ̫ϳϵһվ򣡡
󣺡򣡡
Ҳ򣡡
ң
Ⱥٴη˳ⷽʽеĶԱ֮ȫˣһ̣۵ĵ˵ɫȴǱò԰ޱȡ
˳̨»ҶȻŽ۵ǰʤѷ֣
ȻֻǶһʯȷʵ̨֤ļֵҪߣȷʤѷ֡
ɫһԲʵǰƱ磬ȴҲҲɡ
Ȼǧһߵ˳ǰɱ¶׺ݵĵ˳ǴðСʲô£Ҫ죬Ϸ·
߳ŭ֮£ǧҪ˳ˣҶкâһǰƴסԷȻ˳û׼Ļᱻɱˡ
ʦҪɱң
ʱ˳Ȼ󺰳Լʦȡ
ҲȲˣ
ǧȻĿ˳˿ûн߷ҪҲΪϴҲߵĳ֣ҶʮʯҲԷһˡ
Ҳڴӳ˼оѹǰΣȴûҪǰ˼ֻǵĵɵ˺ôƢڴˣҲҶͽʲô
һ赭дĻʱöǧۺڳһЩڳɱȽ˽ϼһȫסˡ
ǳɵţͣͷ˲£ϲģʵߵˡ
Ȼֱ߲֮и˿ûн£ȻĲ
ǧֱ㶵Ŀߵ㣬˭Ȼʦ񣡡
Ƕǧ۵ʦ
Ȼɫĵȥ˵ǷһʲôʱҪˣû׼ȥջ
ǧͻȻŵŵš岽ԶվһŲ԰׵֮ϳ˲˼飬Ÿǲϵ
ȻͨⷬǧѾ֪ߵݣֻίʵ޷ţ˰ԼΪ̬Ͱ͵ʵǣҩҩɣģ


1389 
ҩģ
ֶҶ˵ǼΪİȻҲ֪һλҩɣҺɣҲ˳ʦһָĴɴȺڵĴߣҩ裬Ȼ߲衣
ڳˣλǿֺȫסˣÿ˵϶ŵɫĶġ
ҩģκһλɢޣûж˼ʵĿͬβһ㣬֮ҪۻڽԻᱻǰ֮С
Ϊҩ֮ϵĳɾͣǹ컯˿󼰣֪ٸȹ֪ٴǷĶλܼ˵һЦûаΪֻҪݣҲڻں޼ɣκ˶Ҷ
˭׼ַܸɣ
ĵȻҲ֪˻ɹӦúһλͬʢʦйء
λʦ׶Ҷľλʦ֮һͬΪѪˡ
ɹ黳ɣȴûʮ֤ݣô˵ĵͷ֮󣬾ҲҪ̾硣
ֻǣǧǰкܶĿѾˣȻû뵽Ȼٴγ֡
ð䣿
ᣬûӣð˭ãƫƫҪȥðģԼ⼸ζԶ֮ϣҲԼڵҩϵԨѧʶ˺üֱʶĵҩƾ㣬ʵ֤ˡ
Ȼ֪ð䣬ǶǧȻһ˿ǰ֤
ž
ȶǧۻ£ѾӳһɫĶһֱӣֱ˶ǧ۵С
˼æȥһɫƣһǳɵĳųɵȨѾ꣬û뵽쾹Ȼ֡
ĵǵҵģʱ˵ĺֻҪִȥҪҲ˫ַϡ
ǧܲʶǰһֱȥ˺δ֪ˣԭʦ͸ģȻΪ˴лľ֮
ǧ۵˫΢΢ССĳ˵һɽôء
ʱ˳ȻŶǧ˹ȥЦĵ㲻Ҫɱ𣿶ְɣ
ʱ˿̶ǧ۵ɫѾǲ԰ޱȣޱȵκη壬ٽӣҲڴͥĿ֮ɱĵͽܣ
ԲҴˣ
Ȼǧ۶˳һ׿ڵǸ˫ųݵ˳ǰȵ˳ӹ֮վ˳ȥ
Ҳûˣ»൱һʱ䶼ͷ¶棬Ѿ⡣
˳Ҷʾ⣬ҶҲãлع˽۵ǰǻʲô˵𣿡
ɫˣҪǵǿ϶ֵ̨Ǯ
ʱȻ䣬Ϊ˵Ĵʵ̫󣬶ĴƷϣȻвһé®ˣպЩô
ڣĵĿ⿴˽ۣȻɫΪƽǽ۵ȴȫԼͬӣܵһѹ
ƽĵǻģķҲ֪ҩ޼֮ʥ޷֮ȡ
˶٣ĽŵҼǵõӦգŷɽ˶ǹ֮Ĵʲôʱô޳ˣ˾ˣ仹ˣҪƵĻŲҲԽֱǣ
žž
ĵַɳһһӰֱڽۺŷУȻöƣ
ĵλ˶¶ɫʱڿˣԭҩվҶߵģϧΪҶвĴƷҡ
ҲվߣΣ̨ļֵȷҪ߹̫ࡣ
۵˵ɫҰޱȣղĿð֣ǽҺŷҵλ棬ĵƸͬһļǶɱȨ
ֱִԾǶ˵֣ȻǾΥҪܵȫ׷ɱ
ȻλҲӦܹĵĶݣԲŻὫ롣
˶Ѿɵˣλҩɵʵڹˣ֪ϵ׻ڶٸƣҪƵĻĴҰһҲġ
ǰѵǣ֪ˣˣ
ۿ䡣
Ҷߵĵǰʩһлǰ
Į¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷȻȻΧ˵ӶжϣԺҲҪΪ


1390 ˽
仰һ˵·ȶҲ̲ס˿ĵ̬ʮԣҪҶ
λƵҩɱӻպ˭ҶҶһЩղѾа׼ȵҶ뿪ķ֮ŻֶϺöǣһҲңҿԼûô
۵ûаԹԣж¶˿֮⣬ʯԹԷϣͬǿҲǵݵҶУߵĵǰöԭǿûеӴߡ
ⳡľĻҶȫʤս޿ĻĴƷҵ֣˫գȫʤ
ϲҶʤ˶ľ֣¾ϯΪء
ֵܣȥŰɣѾźһ硣
Ҷ磬Ǽҵ̫ϳȥļ͡
ֵܣ۹ͣлĻ۹ʢ
ͬʱҶԺ֮ѾڳһǿǵʶȻǿļƷټҩԼҩĵıӻѾΪ£Ķϼһǲó棬øԵĺ롣
Ҷȥһһе룬ҽƳԼĵơ
Ȼû˸ǿֻܷ׷ԼʱһҪ
Ҷ뿪˶ķΪ˳ڣҲĺһ𣬲
һ·֮ϣҶʼհĵļ̫Ҫ˳ѯˣò׻صԼʱסҲֻʣǼϵܺõ֮Ҷڱﲻסˡ
ҶȻָԼʵòȻһѾͺ˳һڷ˽Ϳʼѵĺѣڻٴμ档
Ϲ飬ħĶվһԣʵϹ鵱Ҳ˳ֻûʲô飬ʼһ˼ģ֪ЩʲôֻħͣĴ˫֣Ҳż
˵˵ľУҼˣôûǰ˽磿ˣ˵ͰһģôˣΪʲôҪУȥ˲ٷ壬Ҳȥˣϧûҵ㣬ǰǣ
Ҷʵ̫ˣһȫ˳˳ȻܹҶڵ飬֮󣬲ŵͷżһᶼġ
ԴҶǿ֮ڷ˽˳ͺǵ˶ʼƴܹһ쵽Ҷ͡
ǿֱʳʬٵΪ˳ҲԼļǾʦˣ
Ҷ˵˳ǽǣȻʦܿĲ֪ǳʺϽԼ²֪˳ʵϿҩĵӣҲԸʦǽԼһ֮ڡ
֮ɲ򵥵ֻǲԣҽŶݼף˳ҲԴӱ̶ʱ䣬жȫѧᣬʤԼ󷨣ӴۣͬʱȻһ죬ʵ˾˵ߣںͰͬʱͻƣ١
ʱûǰ˽磬еԭҶΪ˺ò״ͨͨݻˣҪٿٳһͨɲô򵥵飬ҲΪ˽˰
˳뿪˽֮ǰҲ߷Ѫ磬нȵطΪЩ綼Ҷǧ˿ƵϵҶ˺ѣܹæҲ
ѪȻû峤ΪһΣټʮеĶǩѪల£ЭĿǰѾٴγΪѪһ壬ѹ塣
ڰҹ壬ΪӰص̫֮ҹĴڣѪĹϵͬΪǢҲѪ档
˳뿪ѪʱҹľѾﵽ˳ٶ֮죬ࡣ
Ȼ˳˹磬ΪҶѪ֮ٽĵƲµķӡʵ̫ǿ֮ͨҲ޷ͻƣֻź뿪ȻֻȻҲõҶҵİΣ˸ҶҶҵġ
˳һ˵ͣҶȴע⵽һ⣬ֱڣ˳ʼնûᵽĪ硣
Ī統ǸҶһ뿪ģұҶľ磬ɳʥʹ屣˵˳϶Ҫȥģѵ˵Ȼûȥ
أ
˳ĿһҶŽŵ˵ҹٵʱ˵£ǲΪΪ˱Ҳܵˣ
Ҷһѵǣ
˳ҡҡͷΪ˱һ


1391 ת
һ
ҶֻжʱһƬհףҲΪʲôڶٵʱҪһҶȴ֪ǸɲһĻһӵһλʵĻ磡
ͬǧ˪սСһǶڵһ磬롣
Ȼȷ󣬵ǾԷҪƴȥ֮ôǾֻһԭ򣬾ǻˣ
л˭أ
ʵҶѾ뵽ˣֻһʱ֮޷ܣãȻ״˳˰֮ǻعٿһ¾ᵽɤۣһץס˳·أ
û£
ֶʱҶԭû£ôȻҲû¡
Ҷı۾ƽһԼٴѯʵû°ɣ
Ӧû£Ϊ֮󣬾ͱڵ˸ˣҹ˶ǣҲ޷뻭硣

Ҷ³һ֮⻹˭
ͽս죬ħ޽ǳݣСԣССڣˣҲ͵͵ˡ
ҶЦõһԼԴѵĽ쵱ʤˣ˹֮⣬޾˾൱·ҪߣȴھȲ˻졣
ҶȻҲΪԼģǳݣСԺССڣ϶ǸҪֻս͹Ҳˣʵе˵ȥˣս죬ǴʥսˣȻʲ˴ʥļ䣬̫СĲʺô졣
ڹ壬ǰ˵ľˣò˶ӦþܳΪˣʵûҪǰôʱð
Ȼˣ˵ЩҲûˣûгʲô¡
ôأô
ǲһģƴ֮£ǲŴӦģҰصؽյ֮Уû뵽ʵ̫ңǵ壬ڷ˽ĶҪݻ٣֮£ֻܽƵ֮Уǿ˹ȥ
ƵûʲôˣڱǣǶǲΪƣĵҩǼֵƵġ
ҶͷΪʲôҪǣôӳģ
˳ɫȻмô£Ҳʱ˫˫Ǵڻ״̬ѹѾһ֮УѵģȻԣȻУ뵽һԣһЩ֮󣬾ͽ͵ķС
ǸʱʼҾʶ˲ԾǸ뿪䣬׼ȥҾʹ˵ƣ˰ʱѾѣҵĵһ仰ҸϽ뿪
ԭȴ˵ֻɫʮ־ᣬӦòʲô£ȻҾͿʼĥߵ飬뿪ǰ͵͵һΣǺܺãΪƺʧȥˣ֪Ǳˣǡ
˵˳ͣһ£ûн滰˵ȥѸٴ˹ȥ֮Һһ£ΪҶԻز죬ߵûҽϣһʲôʧǿɲܳܵģҲ˵ƴõģպлĻȥȡ
ҶüͷԾоʮ֣ĴӦҲǼΪȻĻ˳ߡ
ʵ֮ǿҶҲǷǳ˽ģȻ˵ˣҲڻƻָʧȥȫΪӦǱеĸ˸
پ˳֮󣬷ھɳ׷ɴ˿ɼƺǲ˳Ӵ
һɣڵǰˣֻǲ֪ĴڣǲûҪɱҵ˼ֻ뽫ץȥǣҲûжº֣ȻĻҸܻڡ˳ֲ
Ҷͷڲٷ忴ѪӦþǱ˳˵ķߵġ
ʥӣ䣬Ϊʲô֪Ĵأ
ʱʼû˵ͻȻڵ˵ʥӣ
ǰλڷ˽ʱʥӡҶ֪ıض֪һЩʲôæĴ
ĳĬƬ̺һλ޴ʦ˵ٷڵ飬һ˵ǹʥӵġ
Ϊ߶꣬ǵ쳣ǿڵǵ˥࣬޷άϵͻƵʱǵƺͨĳķʽ뿪壬ҽ뵽һµ嵱УӶٴӵһȫµ̱Ϊת
ʥӣʵϾǷĳɮܵת֡
ת


1392 
ļ˼ͬظһʣĵ˵ͷϳһ˿įǵģתǻᣬܶ벻ǶЩ˵ƺֻʣһĿģǾǳϣÿ˶̽ѰŷתǷ̽Ѱİ취
Ĵ˿̵į뵽ԼһμʱΪһųӵʱҶԼ뵽λӦþȹ˵ҩɣҲʱ޶ˡ
Ҳһֱ
˳ҡҡͷ·뵽תķҲδܹɹ
ĽӹȻгֹܣ˵Ҳкܶս֮ʽ壬ǻûп϶֤֤ĳɹˡ
ħȻ˳ô֪ܳɹΪʲôǵѣ
ܼ򵥣ĳɹĻҪ࣬һĻҲڵĴ;棬ܹճϵķǳΪκ䡣
Ȼ˳ǶԵģκ˶Ӳʱ䣬Ҳ⣬гϣİ취žۣǴ˵صĵھҲ϶᲻ϧһд۵õ
ĽŵȻȷûתɹ֤ݣвٷߣЩ˻ӵһЩԴĳλڴܵļս綮֮ʱ;ַͨڵ伮޷֮·ҲԶҪߵĸȵȵȣڷ˽ͱΪʥӣķ䣡ǵӦҲɣ
ȷҲΪʲôܳʥӣʦĵһȴԾɲʥӵԭ
Ҷ̲סӵĳλܵļսʮձ鰡ⲻǾѪʵһЩϵĴмշڵ˵֮£в֪޶ǳɹתˡ
ҶĶˣǣλӣսȵȣԼļ䣬תûʲôϵֻǵ棬Ϊ˺İΣԼһ²ʧǿķԼıѪ֮С
ķǺڵҶʵ˵ˣǽ򵽵Ĵ·ơѪ֮ơƵȵѪһټһľĸɷȻܾˡ
΢΢һЦ˵˵ߣȽظľګԸתҲΪʲôƽʵ˵ģһЩ޴ʦǣǵĵ޶֮Уϴԣ
ϴԣ
ҲǺ˵˵ǵѰɣȻʥӣôȰǣа취Ļ㽫˵Ļ£ͲϤǸˣ
˵ͱտڲƾҶѯҲٻشȻҲĹ˼ɣҲ̹ԣĻûа취æΪȫһյ磬ǳ־ȹߣʱҪƾ÷ӣǲܵ¡
Ҷ֮ļ٣ʲôг˵ĻͲԼϤǸˣѵ˵ҲҪϴԣ
ܵװʲôҶԲϣ鷢ǲĪǵĻڰϣһ£ҲܻңҲţĿ϶ǹŻԼԿҪϽ취ȥ
ȻȥȽʦִҶ˳Ȼֳ˳ģһɻˣ˳ôĵͽܡ
Ҷɫ˳ʱˣЦҡҡͷұλ׷ϣؼʱһ˳Ȼûˣľ޴󣬿ûеҩʯҲҲطչأֻռһЩϣͽ˼ŲĵҩñǰˣΪͽ
ĺȻٴβ֪ʦҲҪΪʦֻϣܽҵ²һҪҸ˴ȥǺܺʵѡ
ҶҲ֪˳ӵ˫ͽĹбĿ϶ʲҪΪͽ
˳ҲȻܰΪʦĵİ£ɹİ˷ߵ׷Ȼ֪ٿԱ֤ԼİȫԾһ·˻ǣӶҲռҶ
˽˳֮Ҷļипǧ˵ʲôʱͻȻվɫϾҶҲ˲еһɿֲϢǵض
˱˴˶һۣҶ֪Ϣ϶ԹĹ˵ֱƴ
̧֮ͷ죬˶ɵˣ
һƬҰһɿֲѹԶ𽥴ǵҷѾųޱ߹âŻǣڣһѪÿһһλ֡
˿̣ȫ˹Ĺķ


1393 е
ÿһλ֣һ׳ľѪȳӿֱϣ˸еڲѡ
Щ˾ԶǸгϼնİ취ֵĻٶǵڶܻһġ
Щ˾ۼһѪ纣ɽǵأƺܺǵҷӡ
Щˣѵɱࣿ
ɫأҶҲԿ϶Լ˺ĴƷҵĶԶ֮ЩͲס˵õģڽһҹɱ࣬Բ
壡
ԶƵ쳹֮䣬ϵ¶𶯣ڸôԶڻеǶ
ˣ
һֻͬɽ޴ĳӣԻ˫죬âɣֱһ·ܻǵء
޳˫⣬׶սϵ£ΨҶƣ
һĻȫˣȻǸоҪĹԱִ߶ʱӭս׼
ߣ
Ҷæһ˳֮˳Ϲħ˽ҩȴվԭأֻǶſеֻ޳棬üͷ֪Щʲô
ʱ˿̣ѾҳһƬ˱ʥ֮壬е̱ڵϲܶеڵأԴŵ棬ҲеͬҶһƴ֮ƺҪռݸλãżľս
ҶȻͬܵʥѹ壬ÿ˶Լֿķ
ҶѪҺڣʥԶ𵴣ͷųͬѹҶֿҶѹƣڶܿܳһϸߵ͡
ϹһŽ⣬âҫۣȴסȫҲԵʥ֮
ħһɺӿıγֻɣǷħֵ
˳ҶǴʱ˿̣˳ȴðֻ棬ҽ֯һ۳һɫԲΣ
Ҷע⵽ˣɫԲΣȻԼ۽ɵ̫ͼȻż񣬿˳Լ򵽵ĳЩ
Ϊ˳ոմӷ˽죬ӵԼ츳ȴҲܹЧ˵ڵʵ֮ߡ
ĸ˴Ⱥм˳뿪˻ǣһ·񱼳˹Ĺڵķ
˳֮Ҷʶ˳򵥴µ˵һ飬׼
˳Ĭţ˿ҪĹڵʱͻȻ֮һ˿ӿ
һʥˣ
Ȼʥ״޷壬ͬǹâɣε壡
ʥĳ֣ղЩӻгľǿǣҲԼһ׳ѪϵɽȵĸҪֻɱֹ࣬ĸ
֮ڣ¥̾˿뵱࣬ݺ£Ⱥۣ֮峼ǺεȵͰȻû뵽ھȻ۵ǰ˶ðӢ۳ĺٰ
Ҷʲô˲ˣæ򿪹Ĺڴ˳ǳ˽ȥʱ֮ҲغȻǿĿܵĹг֣ƴ׼
һһֱĹУֻйūһˣ£ɱװǸѪף˫۽գϵϹž޲ϲޱȻҲѾ˱׼ҪԼػˡ
۾Ҷֻĵ˵ͷ±ϡ
ͬʱĹ֮ϣ峤վ֮£ŭĿѾƬɽȶΧһλλǿߣټϿںԿĲ֪ʥʮôһ֣Ҫֹิ
һλһضͷĸ֣ȻȴĿʾˣѵǾͲ߳ܰɣ
һĮĵӦΪʵ֮٣Ҳϸ⣬е֮߳˵
֮ɫһеôûʵҲܹóλһΣǷҪҳ߶ʥλͬھ
˶ĬͻȻ֮䣬촫ʼԼĿʥһεķųһɿֲĲȻиֵֻ޳档
ȻЩ˵Ĵ𸴣ͬھҲҪֹο۴ϻսϣǶҪԶԶǿ塣
һЦ߶壬ʥ֮ʥ


1394 ɱ
һ̾Ȼѹʥĺ֮쳹֮䣬˻ڣ
仰˶з⣬嶼̲ס
ʥҪʼԿˣԿĺǻԵģǵҷֵܹ
ֵ˵ĻڻеˣǶΪʥ֮µƷ
ʼΧɽܵʮĸǾݵĽ̸̴֮Э飬Ѹٳ
ȻʼǱֳ˶ĹļȤʱѾʺټˣЩǲǡ
Ȼʮ֮ҲкЩһģȻ˵οڳѾҪʽʥǾʥôΣҲģЩ˾乬ʥ촸ı֮£Ѹٺ󳷣գۼͻص˻С
乬ǿ̧ͷ˿лǵҷ΢΢ɼֹͬ촸ӵ˿У¹٣ȻõĻһ𣬽Ǳ
ղЩŵöеǣһ̣̲סһʥıǵķȻҲһ̨ףǶ˼ְȫ
ΧĻ乬˲¶ɫŴս˲ٵġ
ʱ弸ٿ̲סظһ飺峤ķ
ɱ
ޱ飬䡣
ڹĹ֮еҶҲоû뵽ݱ䵽ڵһ˳Ǹп峤˲ֻд߶ʥˣ
壡
ԭȾȻŴʮٱΪģ˷Բٰ֮ڵ
޳֮ϹâɣӲĽҹȫͬһ㣬â財
һɹɿֲ֮ϴأɽ忪ʼؿʼѣϿյ촸ӡҲǹâ
ڸոոеȫˣ˿һλ̿˫رҲܸоֲֿޱȵϢʱк˷ҳһƬ
ʥ弴Ĺһ֮£ٷԲǧ֮ڵɽᱻĨƽｫʧһػغʱ
ȻʱԵһһɿֲԻһߴɵӰִ֮ܲƣ޷Ŀ
Ȼһʥ֣
ͬʱʼպ࿹ǼʥһҲԻһ޴ӰʥӰһǰһ󣬾֮ͬһ㣬εѹסм塣
ǽĵ峤޷
һ˿ңǿߵǹв֪ʥڰвԼ̣ȻھȻ޷Ǵɾʹˡ
ô£
ʥͬʱͷѹʱѹס壡
ˣɱЩǣȻбΪ˷ֹʥƴܾ˵ĲҾ棬ǾȻһʥʥ֮£ͬ࿹ԸԵϢѹƣ巢
һȻ޷ʥҲͬʧȥвʥ˽ֵ״̬֮С
̫ˣȫˣʥụ๥ˣ
ղˣˣ
ǰֻô뵽쾹ȻܹĽʥͬʱֵʢֵˣֵ̫ˣ
е˿̲סٴλϲ
ǵʱǱסˣ˿ɾΣˡ
ʥǣƣԷʥһʥǳռ˱ˣʵ෴
ȻʥãʮλľվЩһѪһǸ̾壬ʧȥ壬⿿ڵЩǣǶԷôϵĶ֡
ৣ
ɽܵЩһһ
Ϊɣ
·
е
һһЩǿǵĿдÿ˵Ķ䣬ÿһֶһףǵ¡졣
УһЩûвսֻǹϱһҡͷ϶סˣȻҲǼǿ󣬵Щ˶бҴʥ
ǰʧȥʥıӻЩҪɱľǿ嶼ŹһĴûᣬ˵ʥ嶼пܱߣ
ֻ֮Զڵˡ
ǵУһȴӹĹܵһλǿ߿кɱ


1395 
ڣЩǿ֮˳ˣ
һ˾Ӹ££ͬɽӿһ㣬ֱ̼֮һһľ޴ѷѶͬ֩һ㣬¶˵´ƬĿռȻҪڵµĹҳ
һ̧һߣһͬһ㣬ɽȴмӲпΪ롣
ţһ޴ޱȵķӡӿи֣׼ɽĳǺȻ䡣
ЩȻڲͬǱ˴˼ȴǺ飬ϻͦĬ˸ҳĹĹλã˸Ը֡
侲ָӳ֣гһϵеķͣԼ׵壬վǰͬʱһָһɳӿĳӷɵӡ֮£ֹס˷ӡ׹䣬һſͣʼɷӡ
˵֮ʱĴĸԸ˼˼䣬ֻкôûлΪҪֹ˷ʡ
Ƕ˵ˣе
ȻûʣǿЦ֮Ľڡ
һЦðɣȻһ˴ȻҲ޻˵ˣҪ̤ҵʬ壡
£֮ӿֳֻӣֳɣһΧңһȴǻһС
ǳΪŰд֮£͸ѵΪǽܹ⣿ģǻȫģ
һ˴ӿֱ£ɽ֮УŲų˹ÿһ£𶯣ղŵϵЩѷҲĽŲʼӡ
ʱڹĹ֮еҶżĿūūǰ鷳ڴ߶칭ȻĻ׶༪˰
ʱ˿̣ΨһܹģֻйūˣūҲ۾¶һɬЦݵԲ𣬲Ҳ壬ΪҵҪ󣡡
Ҷ˼ūʵͬδȫָҪһ岻У˹˹Ĺʱ
ڹūԣҪԼˣ
Ҷֿ˳ʵ취ˣҶĿ⣬ѯʵȻǰĹѨѵԼûвʲôķƣӡ
ղҶû˳ϸ˵˳ȻҲ֪ƺͷӡеģǰ죬ȻԼȫˡ
˵ǰʦֵܣңдɵۣܲȥǰµƣʱóһأ
˳ĻҶжȻһ԰Լôû뵽أ
ʵֻҪѪһеˣõķӡѪ֮ΪȻѲҶ
ڵõķӡҶҲվɽ֮ϾӸµĿȻûмȫҲźӡ
ǰϳһᣬԿʦֵµķӡ󷨲ó
ҶҴҵ洫̴֮򿪣Ҳͬʱֳ˵µķӡĴ״
ϧ벢ٷ̫ԶȻĻҪǽǿܹס
ҶʼܵĵȫӿɽȣΪ˼Ӵ󷨵ι̺Ҷ⽫е˹Ĺ·
ƽʱ׻ᱻ˷֣ϷںһλִսټϴȻڲϹѣ˵ƶ׵ڸˡ
Ҷ߾ܵ˺ĵ֮˫ֺͬʱʼ֮п̻Լĵƣķӡ״Լ󷨵ĸټ˳Ҳͨ󷨣Ա߲ϵĸ顣
ܿ죬һܹǹĹƾѾɣҶҲæϢ֪ͨ˳棺ǰվ󷨣ܵһ󡣡
ƻص˹ĹϷšˡһ죬󷨳ɹͬʱλͳսĸ֣ͬһλеȲĸ֣ϴЦ˫˫ų˹
峤ʱ㻹Ҫֿ𣿡
飡
һֵĻո£Ѿ̤֮У̷һɺ˲佫ûˡ
˵ɫʱ䣬æˣȻٲά裬̶֮УÿһҪľȫ
ֵѾʼ΢΢ȻҪľˣкâһȻõĻᣬеĳڿųһɫâ˵Դ˹ȥ
ৣ
ֵüм̶һС˵Ҳԭأһš䡱촫ǵԴͬԵ꣬ͬʱը˿


1396 ɢ
ķӡƣ
оַ֮ôУȻж󷨵ģҲ˵ģһ۾ϳˡ
֣˫˫Уίʵ˵ϣҪ̫ǿټȸû뵽
̲סѵѾˣȻôƳ֣
˵̱ƷˣѾѵ᲻𣿡
رճ壬϶ԼƴǣǵҲ޷ĲóֻܾһС鷶Χ֮ڣֻҪǺӦͻơ
֮ǹ֣ͬ
ЩһͷԺգɱ֮һһʱ䶼˷ѣһ֮ͬʱ̧֣˹
ڣۼܵľܹʮ֮࣬ͬʱֵѣϢӿȣ빥ơ
¡¡
һƲûбĥ𣬶ǽĴ֮˳
ȻЧ˵ˣⲢóģȻĻٶʮҲδܹ֣
ڳĶǸ֣̿˶ߣӡɽȵʱʮֹ˼¶ûܹһ˿乬ʥһ֮£Ҳ޹ʮȫһܱ֣˵ǲȱģ֮˸Ҳˡ
ǵĻվ֮еĳֺ͹Ĺ֮еҶˣ϶΢΢ɫҶΪȻԼǿ˴ĵҷ״óģǸܵסôֵ
ķһгֱֺӱ¶ڵ˵ǰ
¡¡
ʮٴַ˹ҲͣЪһһεĲϵǵȫƣģƿʼ˸Ȼơ
нּһ𣬿һüͷ壬ͦ峤ԲƵƣȻĻʱǵΣգҲ⣬ԸӭУ
󣬻ʮҲǹսɱϵĳһȴԥ
˵ʵ飬ƱͻƣΣգȥӭսǱɣȥ޻ء
ȻЩս֮˶ǳϱڷ֮£ʹ󣬲սǿ˿ܵЩ˶ǾǿߣǵʵҲ̫ģٶӦذ˽ҡ
֮УҪսԺƽƽģֻгˡ
Ȼȳȴֱӿڵ峤ˡ
˵֮ת̴ŵȥʮҲǽ档
У
ֹѾԼ˺ʮ飬ߵƵıԵ֮ƣʮǿ߷˹
䣡
ͬɽһ㣬ӿ˫ͬʱ֣
ʵʵ̫⣬һҽ֮䣬˱Уһ̲Ѫࡣ
ө֮⣬ҲҺԣ
ߣ۵
ǿǳм֮ܵд˳

жҪɳѪĿЩе˺ƱԵһһźһ߸˻
ʱ䡱һ촫ҶѾ˼µƣ˸һâ֮󣬳ʧ߽⡣
ûü˻ˣ̼Ҳʮǿߵ˷ĩ
գ۵Ĺ򣬳ʮ˲䣬ȻδܽԷƬ֮á
壬Ҫ翹ˣ
˵ܸĸҲٴ·
ʮǿų˹ÿ˵϶ɱ纣ֱϡ
ͷųѹó涼ֹͣкᣬÿһֻӶܵһ־޴Ŀ־Σ
涼ˣοˣ
¾ʮˣҲе൱ѹ
ʮ뷢Ц֮ƺѾ֪Լɱɹ
ȻʱһЦȻ˷𣺡һͷ¶β󱲣¶ڴʣƾǻɱ
һҲ𣺡ǣһȺ군ӽһ飡
һû˵ֻǷһߣߣ
֮£Ȼ˸ҳ֣ҳʮλǿߣÿ֪ıȻҲǺƽƽˡ
ʮλǿߺͳ֣ͬʱ̧ͷܵɽ֮ϣӰһΰɽһӲӣһɫĮ
ͬʱڹĹ֮еħϲЦտϲŭɫϹҲѵõ¶һ˿Ц⡣


1397 ս
Ȼ˾ҶԵȴδ̫ལΣħǸɫĮˣҲǱˣҩģ
ʱ򣬾Ȼͬʱ֣ίʵǳ˵ϣģʼնɫĮޱϲˣڶķ֮гҶû뵽ھȻֳࡣ
ལΣħ޺ۣ
ǿȻĵ˵֣ôҲһţ˻ˮ
޺ۣȻûʱǧ꣬Ҳʣ²ˣȥҸɽˮ֮أĵҪܵѰ·벻ͨ
޺ĮĿ˵֮˵о֮ѣȻҪɽ
޺۵Ļ˶ʱȻԭΪ޺ֻΪ˹ҩȻʵĿȴΪĸ
ལγ޺ĴָǴ壬жг𱨳𣬲ĳЩ󱲡
Ȼ޺۲죬ͷħͬҲΪ˱ħ̫嶼йֻ֪ѡ
ĵལΣ㲻ᣬȻô壬ҽһͬ·Զ׷ȥɣ
ĥߴʲôֱɱ
ħʹ죬δ䣬Ѿһ˳ȥͬལεСһֻŴɽʮǿ߲ȥ
ħ治ĳƺţֱ˼£һ֮ͬʱʮǿߣۿҲδ
Ϸӣӣ
һǿгһɰ˳ìӭ˲仯һŷħĽ̶ֱȥ
ȻȥħĽţԲó
ŷħĳ֣ལҲǷǳĬҫ˫ӡֱһӡ˳ȥ
ҲͬʱˣȻųҩɣսȴҲˣӳһ޴Ķ¯¯ڳ£ܻ棬ӿ·ǿߡ
ͻȻλȻҲŹᣬٻ棬۳һ浶Ҳ趯һǿߡ
һԸոӹһٵҲؽҧеǸĳͷȣս֣
սһ̲ˣ
ܹʮһ˵վڻ۷崦Ķ֣սһţ
ƾ춯أֱĵضɽҡ⣬ͬһ㣬ȺðȻܿͱȡ֮
ִ·ͻȻòֵǮϵڿеĴ֣ÿһ·̺ſֲ
ȻλȻǣϾܹʮһҲǴ´ࡣ
һĹϷĴ޷̶ֳȵĹƻȫȻڹĹ֮еҶˣҲȫ¶˳
Ҷ˳Ϲħˣ̫ͷħǵȫ¶˴㵵ı飬ҲǵԤϣ
ħſھħСӣû¸ܵʲô
ལҲüͷ΢壬סϹ顣
ԼΪжҲûһԹԣǲϣԼĺ󱲣Ϲħպǰ;ĺˣҲڴ˴
ǿѾָ˱òҶ󣬱һУΪ˱Ϊ˴Ϲħֺγأ
˰ˣħҡͷ˾˰ɣСҵĵ㣬ҪǸүүƴ
ħͷû˵ҶȴпЦ˭ǰ֮£мֻȥĿأ
ǿ˿˱Ѫ׵Ĺūæ쿴ǸѪף϶ǿȥݻѪףסǼ
ԷħˣȻҪʮ̾ǿ߳·ĹĹ
Ǹңסǣ
ǳļʮ۳ţֶǿ߷˹
ЩСӣҲ뵲סǣ
ǿ߷ŭ֮γһˣ·ǵĶУòſѪ
ʵʵ̫ˣȻҲĸ֣Զûе˽֮ߣ֮ҲǶ֡
˲һĳֵ䵽˹Ĺ֮У޷ʧȥս֮ȻԾӲǸ⡣
һĻҶжҪܲ˵ľҪȡ긫ȻʱʼڵϵĹūͻȻһֱֻۣ߾졣
ˣ
е칭һҵ𵴣һѪ⣬ֱ˹ūС
ūһֻг֧ӡѾ⿪ͬھҵĲѡ
ūֳ칭ֽϣȻѪ⣬зһ𣬹£


1398 һ
ݣ
˳ȥ
ѪɣͬһѪɫֱϣжʮһڷսǵһ̣һǶ˾ֹУ
ʧɫɽؾҡΣµļХ֮ûס˶䣬ɼˣȻеεѪǵĶл¡
ڿмɵͬʱ·һУͷųױȵؼӿ˼֮ϣ
ż
ҶżǰȣֱСӵ⣬޷Ტۣ
һ̣ʮ֮ԭȲӿͻȻͣȻǵףǿ֪ǴʱϿ϶˾֮ɫ
ˣ
ǿ뷢һ𾪺Ϳ־Ĵ֮ͻȻڿź󷽼ӶȥȻӲıˡ
ݣ
ֱĳ׼Ĺе֣ƺѾɵվԭһ
ﬣ
һѪֱӶһֵüģԴд͸ٶ˿Ȼһλ֡
ﬣ
һλüıȻһٶǾȻڳУ׼˵λ֣
ʱʣµڻعﻹڴ˵ͣæĵת壬Զߡ
ȻȻǳ۾һͽβһ˵ԽԽԶ˲Ϣ֮䣬һһѾɵǧ֮⡣

һĲҽԶԶڳ˶ĿһӰӿбֱ׹ȥ
һѪ˻Ƶ˹Ĺ֮У֧Ѿȡǿ
֮ɱ֮󣬻ܻصߡ
е˶ˣ˶ڻɣǲѾĸ˹
һǿߣ
ٵذ˽ĶְȻȴһ֧
Ҳͬһ㣬ʵ̫ʵˣ
ȻĻ֮£˭˿ֲһأ
ҶȴлعΪˡۡһ죬æѭȥֻū칭ֱĴȥĿһѪɫ԰ֽ
ū˵ȫ֮£칭һΣΪ˱ˡ
һǾأ
Ҷæ˹ȥһѽסūǰû°ɣ
ūĿֱӣ˰ֵû£ֻҿػˡ
ȷҶԸоĵ˿̵Ĺū֮ԭȵȻĴ֮ӦöȥȻūȴΪİΣȴʼһš
ǰģúϢң
ҶվлȼգȻ֪ԼЩǿߵĶ֣ҲҪƴһ£ɱУֻǲסһҲУ
֣ħ֣鷳չ¹ūǰ
㲻ȥ
˳һѾͽҶסˣȻ֪ҶԸ񣬵Ҷȥ
ұȥ
֪Ƕ£һҪмֵڻûеҪʱ򣡡
˳ĻҶһ㶵Ϊʲôô˵ѵ㻹а취
Ϊˣע⵽ǰλǰʼڲϵĳطҲ²⣬ӦԮֻǻûиϵѡ
Ҳֻ˳ܹע⵽ˣҶһ룬ȷӦˣΪǰԼǶʱ뿪ˣ룬Ȼ;ҪǸʱ뿪Ȼȥȱˡ
ң֪Ҫɱĸڶ࣬ˣȻĻôܸҺʮǿ߽а壿
϶кԮֻǲ֪ʲôʱܵ
ȥΪƬʱ䣡
Ȼ֪кԮҶȻҪȥΪʱ򣬸ղűסЩֶعע⵽˹ĹеΣ֪Ĳ࣬ǹū
Ǽɵֻ࣬ūȻ˾һǷв򣬸ֵη塣
ȥ
ʥ壬ܹӦܳסһᣬģһһûȥ׸ģ
Ҷ˳ЦЦļȻֶϹħ˵˵ͷ׼գͻȻū΢𣺡
ҶΪūҲҪȰԼæǰúϢһ߾ȫʦֵģ
ū˻е칭ŹȻʦܣҲҲŹ
ã
ҶԥֽӹѾָС칭ͬʱʰ֧ڳ𣬳˵ǰ


1399 Ʒɹ׸
Ҷ칭֮Զֽ֧ջ긫һȺǿߵǰ
ûһλǿߺķ˼ЦһδɵСҲҺǶ֣
Ա߳ལεҲĿ¶֮ɫϽ˻ȥ
֮ͬУҶ۴һ˵ǵ֮ٮٮߣȺ춥ϱǿߣʵǲ
ҶȻҲŵģǾϵʥǹ䶦Ȼƽ޷߶Ӽʥĵ֮ʣʥǻģϾѪ֮Ѫʥ֮һҲֻѪ
ҶȻվǰǿߣɫƽûһ˿η壬ͻȻ˷Ҷʱ壬Һ֮£ʱܹ࿹֮
ȻҶõѪܳʱ䣬Ѫ֮ĹϵҲǾ˴ӵеһϵеı仯Ѫ֮ϣԾҶ޷֪ܣѪȻҪսҶȻܾ
ҶѪԲռԼ壬ΪԼӡΪѪھĺޣԼҪҡ
ã
ҶһͷʱѪ֮ӿͬСһ㣬ǰ̵ӿüĺϣ
䣡
Ҷֻûһ飬һִδӵй˲佫˫ֽһգƺܹƬء
ȨȻٿأֻǸṩԼѪ˵ȫɱ
𣡡
ҶȻ췢һŭѪ˫Įɨʣµʮֵ˭һս
ڳĶǿߣȻܹҶڵ״̬ղǿ˲٣Ȼû˽һЦŵһֻ϶ѣҲţҾ
˵ֱ֮һһͬһ㣬Ŵݿ֮ƣȻҶ
Ҷ۶ûпɫͬԼΪ̬ȾȻһȭ˹ȥ
һ޵ıѾɢ˿
һĻЩǵг˲֮ɫǳֵ˸Ǿһе㲻Լ۾£
λȻ嵽Ҷߣ̧ƱңֽⲫķʽҶϣҲϲģһЦԷȻӭȥ
飡
ת۾ʹһ𣬶Ƭ֮䣬Ȼ൱
ҶǿޱȣѪӿ룬ͬһʥһ㣬̧ޱȣƾˡ
ˣ˽Ŀģ
һֺȻһ˾ѹʵǵӦùĹѪˡ
ǸղйūǾһҶǿƷסƬ̣ȻūѾ޷ҶҲסȻ˷ʱˡ
ʣʮֳ֣ˣ̫ͬսʣǴ˹Ĺ
һΣûܹסˡ
Σ̫ǣҶļ١
ҶҪٻǷָʹʱԼʹõʵѪˣȻ޷ٽٻˡ
Ҷż̫ǰԮʲôʱܵ
ҲҪʱ֮ΪǾ˵ʵ̫Զˣ
ʱ
֧ʱ䶼һܹͦˡ
Ĺ֮УмǱѪ׵Ĺū˳Ϲħ㶦֮ƣ˵棬г֮ȻܶųһȦ
ַνǿֻϧԵǿߣֻһ˾ͬһһ֣һɿֲͬһӿȻֱӾͽ˶˳ȥ¶˹ūѪס
ū˫Բ͹ĶˣȻѾʧȥеǸղһ֮ʵ̫ģ˶еη塣
ûв´ĻӦþǹūˣ㾹ȻûǿӣҲǿѨ磬ֻϧ֮·Ϊֹˣ
ǰˣ㶼ݺ߳ʱˣⱲҲֵˣʵûбҪٻˣܵøЩһɣ
ǿ߲ϵķ֮ܣ£˼ͬʱ̧֣һץ˹ūѪס
ūȻҫ۵Ѫ⣬ͬһ̫һ貶Ŀ
ҪԱľٶ̱ʶƣԱ˲ǣǿ»ýըޣµĻ㾡ܿԣ
Ѫ˲ȥū֪ܲ㣬ⲻֶΣϧδܴЧ
հһķɰɣ
¡
ֱӽѪ׵Ĺ׸ǸƷ˳ȥص˵ϣȻʱѪ֮ͻȻһߣ


1400 ʤ
һߣȴһ㣬ֱգ˶Զڻе˶ǺԥĹȥ
ˣ
ǿɫæĵ˳ȥ
֮
ȻڻԻ͵ʱѾȥʱ䣬񴫳һߣôľǿӡ
ЩҪıɱ˵ɾһǵͷ֮ϣȻҶū˵ȴ㶯
ūæһĽѪ׷ڵϣĵˣ
Ѫ֮Уյ˫۶Ȼ
Ŀ棬ͬһ㣬ڿԿ̳˴ĺۼĶǿߵϡ
ŵŵţ
ǿ߲ϵˣڶһľǴ˿Ŀע֮£ȴǴðһɺ⡣
ˣ
ǰ
ʦ֣
һ̣棬ţģལΣħҶԼеĳ֣ȫ˾ϲĺ
Ĺ֮УˢˢĹһƬˣ
˹ȻԾǸɿݵģַ·ϣȴһٴ
˵ĺĿڴǿߵƿʼЩ˵һһӹ
Ŀƽž޲ֻڿҶ͹ūʱ˫Ѿ·͸һе۾вŸֳһ˿
ݺʱ򣬶Ѿ֮ǰˣĻĿȫǣʶˣͬʱˣǵУȻѾûмˡ
Ȼļ֮УЩѣֵܣˣ˵ͽģʶֻйūҶˡ
һ꣬ٻף̣
ӣȻǸˣӦòܻӵе֮˰ɣ
ǿ侲ǼήƬ̺󣬷ɻ
Ļ˵˼ȷ֮ȻǧʼΪήӣǰӵз֮Ҳܷӵĳˡ
һ뵽Щոձ˵ǿҲеη壬һֱͦ壬˫Ŀ⣬
ֹǣҶȻҲ뵽⣬ҷӡ֮˯꣬ȻΪҶĳ֣ȥķӡ͸ĿħĳںգȻ֮֮С
ʦǸ𣿡
ҶѪʣƬ̳֮Ѫ𣺡ǸˣҴ˿Ȼûκ֣֮ӦҲǳɹˣֻ״̬
Ѫûм˵ҶҲ֪״̬ʵ̫ˣ
ʵĻԸ˵ĺã٣䣬ȻƫƫҪ⸱֮һӢȴҪڽһˣ
ɱ飬
ݰ˵սΪǵĹʷպؽʷ֮У
ǿٴĵҪɱ
Ȼ˵ǶΪֻһӲдķˣǲһ򣬾һˣʲôǲܷ
Ϊ˶žһǾҪΪǿϽɱ˵
˭Ҷʦ֣
Ҷһŭ𣬴ӿп㼱ٵĳǰһλǿߣ֮Ѿ˽ϵʥ긫
ҲҪǵĶȴǸٸᣬһѾǸס
ǿ߿긫Զ¶˾Ⱥ˷֮ɫʥû뵽վȻջ񣬲ɱܵõһʥСһлˣ
ͬʱֹҶ
ҶѾѪҲȡʥǸǿߵĹ
¡
һ촫ҶʵʵĴУǳϵǣȻԾԭأûƶ·ֺֻ˫ͬСȴǶ˵£֮Ҳǳݺύѷ졣
ۣ
һʺѪҶĿһҪҿӦʱؼʱ̶˸ղŲ֮лδȫɢĵ
غأΪʵȫڳ䵱벻ЧȻܵתƳȥЩ˴֮С
ȻǱסˣҶȴֹۣͬһ㣬λ˫ģԵ
ѪҲȻһҲܡ
ѸҶѪܹӳʵȫҪܵ˵Ӱ죬ѪǿҶֻжս֮£Ҳֻܷӳʵ
ӣҶʱǿﵽľ磬һһܿһʱһʤ㣡


1401 
е˼
ǿ߷һЦȻٴ̧ƣֲһεӿҶ
磡
Ҷ㶼ֻҧٴγһһֱֱ֮ӱϣ۹ǴӼ֮˳ѪӿҲҲ޷ͬƬȥص˶֮ϡ

Ҷ
˳˾гҪȥǿ߾ͬɽһ㣬վ޷Խ
ǿߵĿɨҶһۣЦһͽע¾ۼԾѪ֮еϡ
ȻҶǿǵϣھԵʵǰһжֽϻǴδҶ
ͻȻһǿȻͷٴοҶǱ¶ĹͷڣǷ֮壡
һ仰ʱ˵עĿҲȫҶϣ˳ҶΪʲôǷ֮⣬ˣϹˣҶڵΡ
֮֮ҲһЩģΪǰ߲ûо׵ĴȻǺԣǸ޷Щǿߵ۾
ҶĹͷ¶˳κҲֲˣԽԽǸе𾪡
ȻҲ޷ͽܣҶܺľǿһսˣȻԾǷ֮壡
Ƿ֮壬ôܣ
˭ΪܹԷ֮ڻڣѵͲ´֮ѹ𣿡
Ϊǿû˵ƾη֮ѹ
еǿ߶ʼ˽ΪǱ˴˼Ҳ֪ԷݣԾ˽飬֪ҶˣҲ׵˵
Ƭ̵֮˾ʱҶһȵɱ֮ٽߣϾһܹܴ֮ѹķ壬һӵǿʵֵǵоܹеܣҲܹǵõһЩջ
˵Ҳпǰ뵽һ죬졣
֮ѹֻڻ죬Ǵÿһ죬ҲԷˣͬˡ
뵽죬ͬҪ٣پһ׵ϴܳܵסĴ֮ѹ
ˣЩѾվ˻۷֮ǣŻҶ˸Ȥ
ˣ£·ˣ
ٴÿ˶޹˼ɵͷųǿҵɱֱָȥ
飡
ʱȻ˫֣סѪ׵ĹأȻ󻺻վ
˫Ŀ֮УⱩǣڶǿߵϣƵǷȻҲǸ̲סٴκһ
ѵս֮
һ̣˵вԼͬķͷ
飡
ڴԼѾѪ֮˳˫ص˵ϣ˵
飡
Ѫ֮û˿ͣȻٴŲǿȥ
һ£ֳ̻֮һѪɫƵͼΣˣͬҶƽѪʱһ
࣬һһѪƣѪڳ֮󣬲ɢǶ˴أǴ֮һ㡣
ңǸɿݵ֦֮ͬϣͬŸƸ֣Щһ״ͼ̺֮֮⣬η
ǿƺѾɵһԼ˻عһʱҲֻǿ֮ĩɣ
ǲ
һɫ˵зɳֱ
һƬն
Ȼȴ޶ãԼͷһâ𣬿ǽϸֵЩƣȻ֯һܲ͸Ĵ׾ٵľͽĥˣ
ֶû׵ķһλǿߵĽʵȫ𾪡
ȻͣΣţ֮ͻȻѪɫֱÿһһѪ֮ƣ
Ĺ֮У߶ЩΧǿߣ˿Ըоһɾ޴ѹϵԼѹǾȻ⡣
ɱ
ĿкȻ³һ֣һ̣Ѫɫеǿ߾Ȼ뱬һĲҽУ
ÿֵ֮ϣȻֳһʺѪ֮ƣÿһƶ̺Ŵ֮ļѹǡ
ôѪ֮ƾۼһ𣬾ǻеĴ֮ȫ۵ǵϣƴļѹǵ壬ҪǸѹɷĩޣ
ʼڱΣǵҲͬŤΣ
һĲҽӹĹ֮д쳹ʣÿ˵ĶУÿƺᵽݾʹ࣡


1402 ʥη
ǿߵĲҽƬ֮ŽʧǱˣҲһʧˣ
վڻ۷֮ϵǿߣȻӲıʩչѪ֮Ƹѹޣ궼ûӳ
ͷβֶûжһ£վλãٻҵľ롣
Ӷѣǿ߻ҷһĻԶԶĳǰūǾһ˵𺳣סˣ
ΪɱܹʮǿߣȻڣѾʮˣ͹ūͶˣͻɱһ룬ʣȻš
˵ĵѺ䣬ҾȻӵ˿ֲս£˭ܵУ
⣬ôܣ
ôģ
֪ˣʵȴڲ֮ɱǡ
ȷڲ󣬽ԼѪ֮ƣϴ֮ƣ£޾ɱóɱ
Բó󷨣֮ȻҪԶԶǰҶóģң֮ԼڴĸѪ֮ơ
ǿеĿ־ȣĸֺ̫ȻϲǹūǼݺ᣺ˣ̫ˣûˣ
ת壬˹ūµϣ΢΢һ£ӦЦȻЦݻûȫչ¶˫ͻȻһһںɫѪһ̣صĵ˵档
ˣ
ūǰס壬һ֮£ʧɫ˿̵˶һһĴ·һϢʮֲ
ȻûȫԭΪ˶ԵУǿɱǿߣԼȴҲľ
ڲϵĴ·ԼѪ֮ƣǻ֮ڵĴ·
֮ǿиȻΪδԭ±ڵĴУ˳ͷ
򵥵˵Ǵ۷״̬ôԿܻĴ֮ʵҲᷢ֡
ڣ¶ʵʵǲڻ죬ڻ֮ϵǿ̱֪Դ֮ƶʩ˳ͷ
ٴε£Ȼǿ˿ȴҲ֪ҪﵽɱĿģǲˡ
ģ̫ħ棬ţʵ൱ǿȻڿС
ʱ˿̣Ѿ⣬ȴǾʹ뿪ˡ
ŭ浱Ǽ߾ߣҵҪǾǺηʥ
Ļ̫ͬһЦ˵ĶԣȻǶҼˣҾͰȥαװǵĿ¶˵ǰ
˴˿̬һ£ʣǿȥ
ǿҲǺʾߣۻ죬κεط˵ƽأߣû˿ס
ˣﴵˣҷүү˵ʲôҲһħ뷢ţ̬쳣䡣
˫󣬻ȥƴĻָ¹˭֣
˫׼ƴʱ֮ϺȻһǣĽ˻ǷݰͬʱҲе೤Х
ţһɫӰ֮ڸ߿֮ϡ
˵ĿǼѣȫ̧ͷȥûһܹӰʲôֱӰ䵽һľ֮ǺȻſȻһ˺ɫĳꪣ
ͨںڣף֮ɢһɺƵϢе
ѵһʥ
ͬʱð뷨ȻһĻȴǶȻԲ۾뷨Ʒ
˿̿пڻѹ״̬֮еʥ˳֮⣬֪Ŀʥ
˵֮£ҲһܹͻʥƵĸǷΧ
Ȼ˺ɫ꪿Ҫʥ֮ʱʥͻȻͬʱһԷһͬı֮Ȼ˿óһ·
ʥΪɫÿһ·
ڶǿߣڻеˣĿһĻˣԼ۾
ʥһǿĴˣֻҪٿصõͷųۻҪǿ
ʥһȻûзҲһˣһܹġ
ǣڸ˵ĸоǸղʥ뷢ıη˺ɫꪣԱ˴˼Ҳֹͣ˿⣬·
Ŀɿڴע֮£ɫ˵ͷϷԶĵطͣ


1403 ηʥ
ɫꪾУȻһȴɢһϵ֮Уһλ߸ϵӸµĸŽµܿܿ
ڴ˿ðĹͬ뷨ЩǿҲ⣬ڻڣһ˶ųꪹȥǷĵ׵Ĥݡ
һȴĸо⵽ʲô
ʥ
ʥҪǿ
ڲ²˳ݵʱ򣬳֮ͻȻһҫ۵ĺڹ⣬ɲǼƬնûޱߵĺڰ֮С
ˣ
ͻȻ˾гָա
Ȼڳɢĺɫâ֮УӰ
ڹܿɢȥһµԻ˳
ߣͷЩͷһòǲϵ˼£޶֮
֣߳ȴǱȸղųɢҪӵǿͿֲ
λǺηʥ
ʱɽͻȻĺǰ
һһȺɽͷ֮ϸ֣ʮ֮࣬ͬǰЩҪɱǿһͬƣĿ
Ǵ˿ȴȫڵϣȻڰݼеߡ
ȴǸûпһ˴˶һۺмһλЦλѾʱ˰ɣ
ұߵߵ˵ͷ⻹öлҪ븴Ҳûлٴ졣
̾˿пĵΪ޷ٱû뵽Ȼлɱȴеһź
˵ĶԻĪɫΪǵĶԻ֮У׵жϡ
ҲҪɱģΣǲǻˣڵڶ죬죡
ȻԹȷ߼ͼܹĿõģȴûм
죬ô˿ǿ۽ˣۼ˽ٵ˻졣
Ȼλʱ򣬺гֻȥ˸죬޷𣬱Ϊûˣȴ֪ص׼ٴθϢҲųˡ
мٴһ֣Ǹ˺ɫꪶʱһڹ⣬ûڣߵһ˿Ľɫ
ʥȻ鴫ѹ˶ַʽԽأ
Խ죬ǴӸߵ͵ĴԽͬ紩Խ˽һҪٿռ֮ͨͨΣأͨǶὫԼʥ֮Уʥ֮Խͨ
ǿҲķʽصģʥȻ칭ˡ
ֻ칭ԼȻһɳΪʥģؼȻγɡ
λߵĻ˵ֻǾþ̾ѣȻҶĶУȴһ
ԼӵʥôҲԼҲַ߽׵磡
ЩǺ󻰣ǰ취ܹȥɣ
ҶղűǿߵһˣȻԼ֮ҩȪƣټ˳ҲǼʱĸ˵ҩǶʱǲȬġ
ң֪֮ӲŲ˴ߣϵЩ֮ƣĬĬ˫֡
ҶеĵƸ֣ҪͬϴһԼĵĥЩ·Ӷػɡ
ֻǣҪĥЩ·Ҫһʱ䣬ȻǿλߣЩֵڶǿߣԲܸҶʱ䡣
ԭΪΣѾ̫ˣ˿ĲٴξڵǰҪӵΣա
˵Щֵľǿߣ͵ߣ͸ܿġ
ˣҲǼ޵еĴڣȻΪŴ֮ѹĴڣ϶ҪǵʵͬһһʥʵѾԶˡ
λߣڵλǰʲôˣ
ɨһۺһ˵ĹˣԴ֮ǰһ֮ǻҪصɡ
ʱ򣬹ū̧ͷˣ¶ߺ޵ˣߣ۹߹ѣ˵Ĺˣ
ԭ۹
ūһūţû磬Ϸ˹Ȫ
һ£ۿҪ߽Ĺ֮УȻʱĹ֮ͻȻٴӿֳѪɫһǿɽһ㣬ӿˡ
ողµ֮󣬾Ȼδɢ
ͬʱ˳ȻݺݵĳԼһôʦҵĽң


1404 
˳ԼһΪڹĹе˶̲סȫ޶ãüͻȻѿһɫС˴Ծ˫֮бָ׸ǴСʯ
ʦӵĴˣ֮ͨǵĺңһǸҶġ
ʦΪѹħҲȻȡ˳ҪҶΪҶ˻죬һֱո˳졣
ʯңһҶһ˳˳ڶɽ֮ʱʯᱻ𻵣ͽǷԼ֮С
Լнӹʯ˳һҶǴʦҽģҪĹͷ򿪡
Ҷüͷ񲻾ڣ
˳ҡͷӦǴʦǰһٽң֮ʹҡ
˵֮˳ָ֮ͣͬһƣɫཻԼӵе˫ƣڲͬ
ʯһ죬ü̽⣬ʯ֮УƬ֮ʶҶʦڽֻ˵һ仰ʸ꣬ǰ˫岢֮أ
ʸ꣬˫岢֮أ
ҶȻһⲻԼǰոȥĲٷ
ͬʱ˳ҲǻȻĵҲǰΧ׷һطɽ壬ǲǣ
Ӧǣ
ʦû죬ֻڷ˽ԼĲ֮һԤ⣬϶֪ٷֻ֣Ǽһɽ壬ԲŻ顣
ɽʲôĵط
˳׷ʣҶȻκͽԼ֪йزٷȫ˵˳
ˣ˳֮̿ڵʦ˼ӦǴǰǰٷ壬ȻǰڲٷϵӦЩˡ
ʵǰҶڲʱ뵽˲ٷ壬Ϊǿ󣬶ҷϵʦԲΪסԪģȻĿǰ֪ʵѪһߣ࣬µҲӦһ޷ͻƵġ
ôȥ
ǿߣҶӦ֮ᣬӦԳ֣¶޷ʱ˦ǿߣִﲢٷ塣
ʸ꣡
ʦΪʲôҪ˵ĸ֣ѵ˵
ҶȻ̧ͷ˳Ѿ뵽ʦ˼ҪǽǰĻ꣬ǰУȻ󽫼򲢵ٷ壡
Ҷ¶Ц֮ɫȲ˵Լܷ칭ɽȾ벢ٷŽľ룬͹ū֮⣬˭һ֮ң
Ҷ˳֮ʣ۹Ѿǵͷ֮ϣȻҪȴָԵ徹Ȼ޷ȻǱǸסˣֻĿš
Ƕ۷֮ĸ֣ȻȴϢ֮бסж֪ߵʵ֮ߣֱﵽ޷ľ硣
Ϸˣ
һ߷Цֱ죬ֱץȥ
䣡
һѪɫײߵ֮ϣƸ˻ȥ
䣡
ѪɫϵĴӹĹ֮гͬһ𲻿Խɽһ㣬ĹΧ
ʱȫȻղŲµƣȻɱǿ֮Ȼδɢǲڵ£˿̸ܵߵĵ⣬ٴγػ
ߵɫҲͻȻһ䣺ôܣ󣬸ղѵѹ𣿡
ǳֵʱѾ»ˡ
һǿߵͷղȷƬ̣Ѫг˼Ȼ֮ٴλԡ
ԭˣǱסˣߣ̫ǿʱҲʲô¡
Ȼ󣬵ǲ۷״̬óģ˺ӦÿԽĥ𡣡
²˳٣Ͻ֣ʱϾˣûкôҲȥʺǾ
ҲǸɴ֮࣬󣬱֣ɺ̺ǿӿѪɫ
ոջָƽأٴη˾ҵĲѪɫ֮ϣѪⱩǣͬϼöĿ
ִ֮죬֮ܲ׹һδܡ
ǰһĻĿ֮˶ִ·Խʱգһһ֮ڶԿľǿߣ
ң⻹ȫʢʱڵɴ˿ɼ۷״̬Ļ޿ƥУ£


1405 
﹥󣬳ȫüͷһƣĳٴӵ۷Ļ˿ֹǡ
Ĺ֮УֶɫأۿѾʤȯգܹɹѹأȻû뵽ͻȻֵȴþٴαü
ҶȻھԼĥϵЩ֮ƣΧЩѪɫĹâ𽥵ˣ֪Լĥ꣬ͻᱻ˸Ƶԣֻš
ֻаʦĽ飬򲢵ٷˡ
ūǰܲܽʦֵУ
ūʼչߣȻҶĻһ˿Ӧ̧ͷĵʲô˼
һ취ܹʦ֡
Ҷ˵˳ū΢΢һҡͷ˵ڼʸ֮еǺܼ򵥣ֻ취ʵǲܣС㣬һľ룬¾ԼҲδܹ
ʵҶγ֪⼸ǲܵ£ҲʦȻԽҵķʽ飬ôӦһĿԣµҲΨһİ취ˣζ볢һ¡
԰ɣȻҲֻԴС
Ҷվӱȡ칭Ȼ󽫼ʸ˹ū
ūԥһ£ֿ˿Ѫɫһҧ֮С壬С
ҶֽӹѾľ˵ʵֱûһģܹ䵽ٷ塣
ūǰʲôļܹƼʸɳȥٶȺͷ𣿡
򵥣ƺ˶ᣬϾֻҪϼȥбȻһЩļɣҶǲóֻʱţū̡
ûʲôɣ޷ĴԺ󣬻Լĸ򣬲ҪƼʸɳȥ֮ٶȺͷ򣬱Ҫͨʶ˵ļ򵥵㣬ڼʸ뿪һ̣ҪԼʶͼʸӵһ𡣡
ūܵͨ׵ķʽļɣҲ֪¹ش
ʶҶ˫üᣬ֮ǰɴûʶٿعԸ֪οơ
룬˴ʦ˼
Ȼ˳ԥĿڵ
Ҷɻĵʸ꣬ǰ˫岢֮أװʦ֣ȻǰٷӦû뵽ʲô
˳һָǰٷûǼʸָ꣬Ĳǽǰָģ˵Ļ꣡
˵Ļꣿ
ҶȻס
Ҳ˹ūǰĻģʶ֮ȻʸҪʶƣʦ˼Ӧָľ˵Ļ긽ϣȻٽȥڼеĹпķٶȣȻĻһĲľ밡
ҶƬ̺󣬵ͷ˵е
ūҶҵĻɣ
壬ʿ˵ʲôϡ£ֻһ֧֮ϣҪɳȥľ룬Ŵû
϶ҲΣգǼΪģ޷ȣ΢ҵпʧĻǲ뿪̫ʱ䣬Ļ޷عʱ֮Ҳ͵һʬˡ
ūǰȱ𼱣λԿ˭칭
ҶùūðգϾūѴ֮˿϶ǲ壬Ҷϣܹ칭ͿԼ
Կ
ħ˹רõʥ۲ѾãܹлŹȻԸ
Ȼħʹ˳̵ľ󣬹ҾȻ˿
ħͨĽ칭ݻҶЦҡҡͷŹأ
һﵽ˹Ҳһ£Ҳòȥֻǽ˴
ˣȻҲҪˡ
Ŀֱ࣬޷ţ治ʥͬʱǰūȻܹһҪôǿ
ֻҶԼԿˡ
칭Ҷ˫һȻ˿дΪ
˶ûУһа취ǰ׳
Ҷһҧһٴͬһ㣬ӿͬʱһʵҲֱ֮ϸ֡
ʱ칭֮ͻȻԲεѪɫ㣬飬µı鲼ڹ֮ϡ
Ҷ֮ҲͻȻһһԲκ㣬Ȼ칭ϵѪɫӦ


1406 ʸ
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ˳¶֮ɫ⵽ô£ֻҶͻȻͬඥһȻ˹
칭רΪѪһŶƵġ
ԼѪɫ㣬ԼѾͨһѨλ칭൱˵壬Ѫɫ㣬ҲӵеѨλ
ʱҶĺ֮УȻӿһ˿ɫĹߣٶȼ죬̳칭ڡ
ʱʮ˿ɫߣҶӿ칭ÿһ˿ɫߣú칭ʮͬٴ㺣һ㡣
һ̣ҶֻԼڵͬһ㣬ӿȵӿ칭칭·̰ĹޣڲϵĴڵЩӿ
ҶͻȻһ𣺡
ˣ
ৣ
κ˶û칭Ȼһ֮˲ͱ˼ޣ¡
һɺޱȵͻȻѾ޵칭ϱ˳ڹĹ֮еˣ鲻Խȫ壬¡
ūȰݵڵأΪУʱҶѾҶˣͬ۷ʱڵ߸ϣӡ
ڹĹ֮⹥ƵߣҲ¶ɫԼֹͬͣ˹Ŀ˸ע·Ҷ
ҶˣֻжѨ֮ȻеѨ֮һ𣬲Ź
ǼˣҲʮԼڵֻ칭һΣ֪ʧʧæŹūһɤӵ죡
ūһ֮󵱼ع˫ֽŵҶУԼüѿⱬ䣬һɫС˴˳ֱļʸ֮ϣ˫ֽ
ȻūѾ¶ģҪԼΪ칭շٶȣʱҶû̫Կǵʱ䣬ֱֻ֮ϴޱȵ֮УѾﵽޣҪ
ʵҶһ¹ūǷ֪ٷģѾſڣΪܻܿᵼһкǧ
˳Ӧ죬Ҷһǰ֪ٷ𣿡
֪
ūһͷҶҲάֹµ״̬һ𣺡ȥɣ
𣡡
һͬХҶɿƣҲһѪɫĹֱ˲Ѿʧ١
ͻһĻùĹ֮˶סˣ߷ӦΪѸ٣һܣΣ
ಣ
˻ڹ⣬ʧķ׷˳ȥ
ܷ嶥֮ϣʮǰߵЩǿߣǵݣʵѾԶ۹ˡ
죬ȴ֪ཫҪ飬Ȼ˸֪
ÿһ춼۵ĴڣȻ۹˴֮϶Ҳרŵϵ
ۿȺȥ̫˺ǿҲٵ飬׷׳ʣ׷Ѱʧķȥ
̫뿪֮ǰû˶ԹĹеϹ˺һɤӣǶԹԵ׼뿪
Ĺ֮лĴڣеǰֻҪ죬Ǿ;ûܹƣĿǰڹĹ֮ȫġ
Щ뿪ʥͻȻҲǷ֮ͬʧʵľͷ
ȻΪԷһǳ棬ĵˣӵеʥ˹ȥȾĸֻ֣ʥ𵽵ˡ
Ƭ̹ԭȾۼɽϿյľǿѾȫ뿪βùĹе˿ǵЩŵҲʱԶ
ò˵ЩǣÿһǿĿ£ô˾ۼһѹѹǶ
ȻڣȴҲʮӰǿ乬ʥ촸Ҳâȥ˶еıȻҲǳȥķ׷˹ȥ
ЩͬǸеľ֣¥ڣȣֻ֮ǰûв뵽ΧɱͱĶ鵱Уĺ־ܷɱǻǷǳȤġ
ˣȻҲȥ֣ȴֵȥ֮һսû˻Ǻʥıľͻزˡ
ǿһ켶սֻҪСıһ㣬пܻҷ𣬵Ȼ޴档
һЩ˻ǹƺƵˣҲ뿪˻ǣԶԶĸڸǵ
ֱʱΪֹ˹Ĺе֮⣬˲֪ķǻڵһءٷ壡


1407 һɱ
Ҷڽȥ֮˾Ѿ̱˵ϣһ˿ûˣǿᣬʥˡ
ղһΪ˽ߣתǿߵĻʶסĿ꣬ҶԼ㲻ͬūһˣһǷǳܵ顣
ʱūҲѾ̱ڵϣ뿪ʧȥκεá
Ҷ˳Ĳվߵūߣ̽˼£ĵ˵ͷ
ղҶ칭ʱ뵽⣬ȻūҲ칭ôڱȻҲͨѨλ
һūȻҲˡѪսĹֻڴͨѨλֻ࣬вʮ
Ӧǹūʵ֮Ž׹һ㣬ΪĿ¾ϣҲܹ칭
Ҷֱӽū뵽˿ռ䳾֮УȻ˳ھͶǰٷ壬ֻҿԿ󷨡
˳һĻûУһѾͽҶ𣬳˵˵ͷȻ˹Ĺ
ħϹһۺħٺһЦҲȥɣ
Ȼ̫Ķ˶عصˣȻʵʵ
һ˸ո뿪ĹĸǷΧʱͻȻ
ˣ
һĽ⣬ͬһ㣬֮͵ش˳ֱӴ˱˳ڱϵҶ
κ˶û뵽ʱ򣬾ȻڰҶҶ͵Ϯ
ֺֿ죬ޱȣ˸޿ɱܣ޿ɶ㣬οʱҶһ˿ûУȻиоΣգȴֻܱ۾ȴ⴩Լ塣
䣡
ͻȻ˳֮ðŻ棬ȵ˲佫⵹ͬʱüѿһɫС˿㣬˳ֺӲӣտտ˫Žķ˹ȥ
飡
ڰ֮Ȼûϵ֮£˳ȻܹڱҶͬʱ귢˹һʱУ֮е˳
һòΪͨӡ

ҶǴ֮м֣˷ŭͬʱҲ˲䱻亹ʪ͸
ȻҶκ˶Լɱ֯׷ɱĿ꣬ζ벻ɱ־Ȼ֮£ָ·ǿߣָո뿪ʱ򣬶Լ͵Ϯ
ֱضʼβҶֻûһյ£ֻǵţҲ֣һֱȵڡ
ò˵ʱǴɱʱָո뿪תΣΪҶʧȥеͬһ˱
˳ͬδ֪һ㣬ڶԷɲǾ浲ס˽⣬չĻɱֿ϶Ѿɹһɱ
Լڴɱʱգʵֲ̫ˣ治ǹϵɱ֯
Ҷ˵֣Ϲħ¶ɫ˭Ҳû˵ͬʱ˳ȥ
ϹнⱩͬһ̫գħһɺӿǿա
飡
ɱֱǴ֮˳
ȻϹħһ˽⣬ֻ֪Ҫִ񣬱ȻͬС
ɱȫ֣Ȼ˴˸ûκνͬʱת˳ȥ
ħϹҪȥ׷ȴ˳ֹסˣ׷ˣһֹأ
Ҷʧȥս˳ҶҲ޷սȻҲܽ궼˳ȥҪħϹ鶼ȥ׷УһɱڰĻҶΣ֮С
˼ŲٷȥҶһƴһ̲ס˳ѯʣûи˵й飬ղôѾ֪һ
˳΢΢һЦˣҲŵһˣղ뿪Ĺ֮ǰ͵͵һԣգҾ˷
֮棬ҶڼҶʱ򣬾Ѿᵽˣû뵽˳һ֮Ҳǵҡ
ܲʦֵ
ܣֻҪѪйصˣ֮£³λǰ֮⣬Ҳûܹĳˡ
ʱħ̲סʵҶϵܣôᱻ׷ɱ֪֯Ѿ伣ܶˣھȻΪ³֣ʵǷ˼
϶ίɱҡ
ܹҵˣҲԲһˣӦǵĸ۹ȴˣ鷳£
λħĽӣ˼ɵĿֲҲǿɼһߣȻ˳ȴǴŵ㲻мһѣȵǰ֮Ǿ


1408 ֮
ħϹ鶼ûн˳ĻϣΪΪǸǲܵ£Ҷȴô룬κ˶Ҫ˽ֵܣȻ˵ôȻżְգοܿ̽
ⶼԺˣڻȽǰѹضɹ˵
һʱ֮ҶѾϵ˲ٷڣ˿ھ벢ٷǧ֮ңĵطЩӻиϹǣۼעŲٷ塣
ܹȷԼȫļˣ¥Щ״̬ǿվڰ֮ң⣬ֻǰɽеȺǿߣǳ嵽˲ٷԱߡ
Ҳ̤ϲٷ壬Ϊ˿վڲٷϿգעֱûɽ֮е֧
ǶǴӻģȻ֪ٷĹŹ֮Ȼ֪ó󷨣ǶҲеɵģȹһ
Ҷ˵ĳ֣һ˴ɱ
ΪҶʵòˣҶ֣ʵ̫࣬Щ뵽ǰҶֻһǿʱΣȴʱסɱ⣬ҶǱ˱ϣҲ
ҶȴȫЩ˳Ҫǰٷ壬а취ֱƵٷϡ
Ҷָ£˳Ȼıܹôǿߵע⣬Ȼ˲ٷϡ
߿Ҷʱ򣬶ʱüͷһ壬̽ȥҪץסҶѾˡ
¡¡
Ҷ嶼δվȣٷ֮Ϳһɫ𣬺ηĳߡ
̺ĵ֮ḻǺ̺ߣҲֱײֻܸ㿪˳ûƽƽİڷŵҶǰ
ţҶūҲӿռ䳾з˳ùūϽع塣
عĹū˲ԼְҶķԸϽб˳ڷҶָλ֮ϡ
һ֮ҶʼһĶãһ߿Ƶϳſеߣһ߽ٷϵĴ󣬹ƣٽԼĵƣʼĥϵĴ
ߣһһСһҲе㱾£ǻС㣬ѵΪסǣҲգʶһʲôз֮
ֱۣǰǧ׷Χ֮ͻȻһ˸â
Щâÿһͬ˿ϸϵԾȻÿһε𶯣ȴǧ֮Щ˶оԼ඼֮𶯡
ģǶضһɵ֮
ˣˣˣ
֮ԽԽңԽԽƬ֮䣬񽫣ڲϵ޶սġ

һҽǧ֮һˣ޷ؿڣը˿һƬѪꡣ
֮Դܻķ֮ʹӦԴйɱˣֵܹģ
ɫ԰׵ľϳûײȴֲޱȵĹʽ
ô죬ҵĺܣҪˣ

ҽϵһһ˶ֲֿĴ֮£ը˿
溦è
ЩΪ˿ֶǣΪԼĺ渶Ĵۡ
Щڰ֮ǿǣ˿̵ҲǷǳܣִ޲ģĳˣֻҪƬ֮ڣᱻǵʵϸߣһֲԣ̾ͳˣһӵ֮΢˿
ʣﻹټڴ˵أҲæתߣǼˣѾΪ˴µƷ
ֵ֮һ̣ҶƵ۶ɵĺɫҲܵӰ죬ٶȷӴ֮ϣ˿˿ʼϰ䡣
ȻܵӰĻҶ˳˵֮Уµ֮ǣԼΪҪһĶã֮ܲУͬҲڽڿܣҲѾ˸ɡ
СӣҵҪ㻹ܳŵʱ
˵ߵ˫ͬһٵһ·뵽ΧЩ˸âУ𵴵ĸӾҡ
ͨ
Ҷֱӹ˵£ʵٿַ֮һֻֽԼ࣬һֻȻڼΪƽ
ˣ
Ȼһ𣬳ֳ壬ȻȻĴâ֮С
顱һȻػǳȻһâֱӻУʱһѪ³ӿеԵҶǰ
Сѣұ㣡
潫ֱӵҶͷ֮ϣԼٴվ˿УͬʱӿĳӣǵأҲһŶĿĹâ
и־ãҪԱ


1409 һ
Ѿȥˣǿߣ޷⣬Ȼٲ취ֹǣҶ¶ڴˣ֮£ֻԱ
棬峤ذ˽ĶǿߣԱܲĸֶС
ˣ˿߶ϵ֮ɫأͬʱ֣֮âǵضǵķΧһࡣ
ȻڳâµʱʼոȴͻȻ˹һ峤岻Ͱɣ
ûϵʱ˻ԼֱӱŵƷȷ˳ȥҶҲǳûһŵһֻ֣ץס壬Լǰ
γΪ˱Ѿ˼Ĵۣʮϱǿ߶ⲻңҶĲϣκ⣬ҲֻüץѾͬʼԱţΪˡ
ϵĹâѾ˼£·һ̻̫ɢĹȡ
˶ݵ֮ŵȻը˿
һµĹâ𣬴̼˶ۣһɿֲ׵ʻ˷ȥЩڿдŷ֮âͬ֩˿һ㣬ֵ̼ѣ߽⣬ҷֱȫʧ
ͬڵǿߣѾܵˣ׷Զ뱬ըġ
ȻԼԱȻҲ߾ܵĿ˱ըͷΧ󲿷ֵΧķ֮ǿߣֻмСֵ䵽·ҶˣΪıȫ⿪
ۿʪ󣬴գȻʲôȻâΪĴۣܲˡ
ҶǰֻͬһƬİɫҧסȻΪ˺ͷŭ΢΢ϵĶǵӿˡ
ջеĵٷҡΣǰ̵ȫ塣
ΪΪʱ䣬ҶԲһ˿һ˷ѡ
ˣˣ
ٷȷǿޱȣҶȫϵĽٶԿ࣬ۿɼһĴ·ɢ
Ȼһ˷ŭŭȴͻȻӿд˶̸ҹȫͲٷҺ飡
ԱȻδȫɢǶ˵Ѿûʲôˣ˻ղ˵ߣϵ·ȻƶȻǸղű˵ġ
һǿߣȻһǿ߸˵̶ֳȣ˵ֱܴ裬Ҳŭˡ
ٻȻʮӰǵͬʱǰǿ߶һۺҲ˹
Ȼʮͬ壬˭֪ǿ϶۹
ٴαΣʮǿߣһҪټϹ̫Ҳǰˡ
һߺȻתͷգĵǻ𣿡
仰˵һѵ˵ǿڰæתͷĹˣϧʲôûз֣ȴһնǰ£Ҫʥ޷ˡ
ԭڿʥȻǵĿľΪѹ壬ԭҶǻΪЩ˾֣۹ˣڿȻˡ
ޱĵǾǵʥ壬ȻҪǺã

صĸжȴҲΥߵ
һ£Ҷ˵ĶᵽɤۣʥԿ壬ټ϶ʮһֺ֣ϻٷƾǿ󣬿Ҳһֵܹס
ȻľһۣһͻȻ˵Ķ𣺡ʥһʥе㲻ƽɣһ
ˣ
һɫɡͻȻſ֮Ϸ
Ԫɡѵˣ
£ɣôˣ
ϳɡͬʱܹоΧ¶ȺȻ˼ȣһɺ
һĿĶеֵӳ˵ǰ̫ͷħһۣ˴˳һȻӾԮ
Ǻ£
ģôôȥˣȻһ仯ûУ嶼ô̬Ĵ𣡡
ˣ֪жŮҪԵˣ
˵ۣһЦλҿܴ󣬴˼ˣұؽһһŰݷã֤£


1410 ǿĹ
ҶȻ֪żаʲôͷȻ˶֪֮ҿ˶ҧгݵģ󣬴˱ڶࡣ
Ҷȴһ˿кͺøУô˵˼ʱϼһΪԪɡʥԼˣһĶ顣
µĻøղ˵Щ˶ʱɫæһıսͣȻٺҿڡ
ʱ򣬺ֳ̫ͷħ˵ͷ˼еˣû취·ϱһֻŮסˣΪǣǷ˺ôľ˳
һ˵ڱļֶʱɫһԵж¶ŨŨɱ⡣
ϹȴǵһЦʵҲûʲôˡ
˵ͬʱϹʾһߣתͷʱһ˿
ҲڿĵȻãѵһТģһʥλ׼֣
üû˵ſѾƴĸǣɫȻüΪϾһֱҶߣȻ̫ĺͷħҲǽ
Ҳѹڵλһѣһ޷߶塣
һָ࣬ϷӣǰҴ߶ԪɡλϴүͰŮһѣ߶ɣ
̲סһߣҩɾȻ˳ϴүҪǻط϶Ҫˣȴֻš
ལᵷһºµҩǰ
Ȼɴ۾ҩɣģûأ
ʵ޿̣ǿбһߵ˳ԣٶ࿴һۣͷǰԲסʵû뵽Ȼţее
ˣ°ɣ
ལκݺݵһۣ
ò˵Ȼһֱڲƴڻ֮£Ȼܱ̬ίʵǼΪѵõ顣
ָԷֳֹ飬ȫΪʼԴԴϵӿʥ֮УҶȻ⿪ϵĽ
ʮĸֶδܹΣ֣Ψһϣܹ۷״̬ȻĻ˶ɥڴˡ
ڣǿĹʼˣ
Ϊ׵һȺǿߣټʥͬʱ˹һʱ֮䣬ذغ飡
嶣죬ÿһͬһɢȥԪɡâɣһɫɡкÿһ˿ɽѹա
ٷͬһƬɽ֮ϸֳһõĴͳǧɣǾʮ׵ĸ߶ȣ֮磬Ҷǿдӵ¾г˿ֲ
Բ֮ڵɽȫʼҡαڶ֮ϸǲϹѣһѷ춯֮ң
Ҳһһ޴Ŀն¶δ֪գǿ磬źХ֮һɹɵĳƬ硣
һĩľ
Ѿ׷˺ǿ¥ЩҲǲͣԭǾܵжԶܶԶ̶ֳȵײǱҲǱɡ
˫һ̾ȻʱƽȻ󲿷ֵĹͶҪڲٷԼµ󷨡
ȻĻƾͻԪɡ޷֧Ƭ̵Ĺ
ȻˣֵʱһҶ߾Ͳ֧ͬڣĿʼͻԪɡĹĻҲ֮ѹٷ嶼ҵĲ
ͳͳɣ
һλ¶ЦڿУȻƣȻ谭ĴԽ˿ǽײĿֲʥĸǣҶ˵ͷϿա
̫˶Ƿ˹ߵһǸϲӬһʱǿȫȷ˳ȥصˤ˵ϣһѪվվ
ߵƶѾҶͷҶȻһ𣬸䶦ʱͻȻâ
âͬһ㣬ԽҶֱӴߵƣ߿жȻһҺ֮ϾȻѪӿ
ˣʦܣ
һȵȴΪƽͬװըУɲǼƿɢ۹ȫʧ
ɽ֮УòٷعƽֹͣҡԪɡٿȻպϡ
ҶһҲ޷֧ţһƨ˵ϣūݺᣬڵأԴŵ棬һֶ˵
ǰٴ۾档
ȻԾǸɿưܣͬ𣬵ǵӵվ֮һӴϢ˲񷣬סеˣ


1411 ֮
վâֱ񷣬ղŶƵĺȻĿ⣡
һ̶ľλ֮⣬еȺǿȫ˳
֮
û뵽ĻˣѾ˾ͷˣҲֻһѣ·ɣ
߻عͻȻ֣â̺ɱ鲼֮䣬ŸովǶȥ
֮⣬ҲҴԲѣ
ٴѹԲһһԲӿԼ俪ڣ˫Ŀٴ˼֣ȻڿнѪ֮ơ
һѪ֮ڿоȻۼһϳһѪɫʻ˿
֮
ߵ¶ݣٴμǿͬʱЩǿǴǲɱڻ֣ѵҪȵȫ𣿡
ǸղſǺֵģԶ˽⣬ԶԶˡ
ǿҲǻع˴˶һۺ֪˵ǶԵģٲûɱľҲûлˣһȫָ۷սôˣһһ
֮ڲٷϷţȻǷ֮γɵâҲԴ͸
âһѪ̾ͻҷ
һ仨ͽͲٷϵ˶
ô˻ᣬȻһؼʱˣŲٷӿ˹
ֹЩգ
߼æѾ֪޲壬һҪ赲ס
ʼĿʥһУ˫˫ԻһģӰߴף֮䣬赲򲢵ٷ塣
ڵϵĳ峤ͻȻĵ˵λһ֮
£Ȼʼ߶壬ĵ˷ӦҲǼ죬æԶԼС
壡
巢һӲ
Ƭ֮егӣ۴С࣬ٻ֮£ܷɵ̻Ӷ򣬲ܷɵľȣڷӿȥ
ɲ֮䣬˿ԿܵճһһĲɫ֮ҲǶһһĸɫͬˮһ㣬ӿ˲ٷ壡
ٻ棬Ϊ
Ƭݷ𶼷һ㣬۳ɺǰ̣һ˽һ˵ӿ򲢵ٷ塣
Ȼ˵ʥԼڶֶȫ赲ʵ̫࣬ת˲֮赲û
һüͷأһҧƴˣ
һ˺ɫꪳУɫɢׯϻֺƣ߾ꪣҪȥ
ʥʥƷףҪļʥһʧɫرпΪһĩպƽ١
Ϊꪲڻ֮ͬҪܵӲҪǿйĻôԼܿҲܵǣˣ߳ٳδҶʥ
ʲô˲ˣĹ𲽻ָҪӿ¡
ϾֻǣŭȴὫճޡ
ɫգ壬Ԫɡʥʱƣƺǳη壬֮⡣
Ȼȴһﬡ
ҶֻԼıһ칭ȻԼ壬ֱӳ嵽˿У뵽Ƕ֮м䣬ͷųѪɣǸѪһ⣬ܹĹԼ״̬ȻסǱѾĺɫꪡ
䣡
촫ʥڻײһѪڹʱ֮䣬綼ʧȥɫ
֮⣬ǿ߶Ŀֲײ˳ȥһǾҷȻ֪ûˣǾܵ˲СĴ
෴ڲٷϵ࣬ȴӿ֮£ɿݵ徹Ȼͬһĳӯ
ҰܵƤҲӵ˵ԣҾӨ͸ԭͬݲһͷҲڷ֮ϡ
ȽϽҶͬһѪ֮һе˵𽥻ָ۷״̬
һĻߺǿ߶Ǳɫ⣬ҪϽ˵أǣļʥʥĻ࿹ѹƣȻܿռεķ
ǿҲ޷ͻƣֻĿݷԽʱգ»صʱ
ʤѩ񣬰嶥£



1412 
û˿ή֮ɫ࣬ÿеЩҪɱǿߣ޲еľ
ߣǵʱĿòҸܹ֮ģǰЩǿǣֻ֮ǻûгʱѾ뿪˻졣
ЩҪվ˵ǰ޷ݷܹأעˡ
ߣ
оǿ͵͵ʶѯ˵ȻǱ˴˼䶼֪ԷݣΪɱͬĿߵһھ͵ڳһϵƣȻҪֹˡ
Ȼȱѯʵ˻شѾɫƽĿڵȻˣǾȫ°ɣ
£ѾһֻǰһȻվԼǰ
ôĸ֣ȻûһܹĶǳʵ࣬ǾһʵĸɽС֮С
飡
̧һӣһɿ񱩵ͽǰָȷ˳ȥǸûС
ĳ֣ٴη𶯣ոոԭĿռҲһε˿ƬƬգ֮ԶڻУĸܵĿ𺳵ĳ֮ɼһߡ
ܣôܹܴ
һͫĶɵɳȥ֮תѵΪҾʵ
仰ñѾľˣٴγ˹ȵףǿʵȻԾɲ۷״̬
ȻǿҲ޷֮⣬ȻҪֻܷܵӳеĲȫʵ
Ѿ㹻ˣ
ת֮䣬֮ʮǿѾȫ˳ȥ˫ֱͬͥһ޾֮ȻߣǸûж֡
ȻһҪܵ¹˭֣δ֪ȥɣ
ѾԲܴҲģ϶Ķ֣ǼȻ˫޷ӳȫʵ˵һϢ
ȷ˵ʵʮǵʵֻȻʤ㣬ΪĴѹƣ˫ʵѹһƴ֮
ͬʱ֣֮Ѿʩչ˼£ȻԼ۳һ磬ֶȥ
Ƿ磬һУɣҲ
̫Ǹâɵʱ䣬ɫصĵ
ȻգǶ˿ǲĿԽĶŻضϾôûһߡ
ʮλǿߣǿߣʥһʥڰĲ֪ĸ֣
ЩеκһһÿһţһƬһȻô˼һͬԸĽĲ˵
ǴһϣҾͲţͬʱԿˣ
֮۸ߺҶʮ˾۹ĸ֣ɴ˿Կ۹Ǻ޵˼£ϷŹ˿ܹɱĻᡣ
ֺޣʵҪ㵽Ѫĳ޵С
ֵ飬̾ͱʮܣȻǰ뷨۽磬ȻҪԶˡ
Ǻʶֻƴһл뿪ĿܣΪжĻԻᱻһһɱ
ã
ܹʮһǿߣٴֳιĿɲǲٷƣˣ
ȻȴΪǿⱩǣ۳һĿ֮Ʋ񷣬ֱӴ˿֮ˡ
ﬣ
Ȼ˼ÿ죬㿪ҪǼȻֱӶһѪǿײ󵹷ɳȥ׵ľǿͣ
ɱ
ͬʱߵķǰ֮תд쳹â˸ҫۣͷųֲһǿջͶС
¾뷨ǧ׿Ҷڴ˿̶̲סһ󼤵ҪԾ뷨ĳ嶯
ٷϣµƶȻʼתµԼֶָֿŷĳѹ
֪Ѿͷ˿ҪܵѹջǺ֮
Ȼȴƽ˫֮ʣǳУڴ˿̣ڶʮһǿߵĹҲͬʱ󣬿񱩵ƺԽɡ
ǰз磬ֹ˫ؼл֮£·ߣЩǿ߲ϲ
Ȼ̧ţ˷֮С


1413 һΪ
Ҷɫ䣬Ȼ˷磬ǿɶܻɱ簡ǿܲǿɰɣ
ߺ;ǿȴǶ̲ס˷ܵҪгѰ·
˹ˣȴҲ˿ĵ飬뷢һ
𣡡
âǣȻ֮֮ȫʧؼ侹ȻһƬž֮С
ĿⶼǸѾֻаƴСķ֮ϣһСԭ״̬ôеһж᳹׻ޣҲ⡣
飡
ȻЩ˳ϣĵȴ֮УһֻȭͷͻȻӷ֮г˳ȭ嫣һǿҵ磬ڱ˵硣
ķ羹ȻӲıֻȭͷһ˶գӰһող֮е׵ľʹ˳ϣâҫȻλߵķ֮
㣬㿴˷򣿡
Ŀɿڴʵ
һУǸѾͬ©Ƥһķ͵֮У£
ۡһ죬̯ƣֻһ˿
һ˿̶ʱɢ˿֮Убߵǵķ֮ڻ죬ҪԴסң
ȷ죬յķ֮Ҳķ򣬶ڻ죬Ȼڻķ֮
Ҫڻ죬֮䣬ڵλȫƽȵģķڻ޷ӳ
Ȼ򵥣˵߶֪
඼Ѿڵǿߣڷ֮ʹ͸ȻҪԶԶڳˡ
ֻ֮кÿĴϵһ𣬲ܷӳڣǸһҵķ򣡡
ͬս޶˵֮䣬֮ѾܻѪ֮ƣһƾһʺĻ䡣
Ƭ̵ĹѪǵأһƬĺ󣬿ĿģȴС
ֻЩеıȴͷųŨŨѪ֮ޱߵĺƵ֮Դ֮۳ɵķ硣
Ȼλâγɵķ֮Ҫǿֹ
˵ǽ֮ͻĴĽϵһ
ǻŽصķ磬ߵɫ԰ֽ֪Ƭ֮Уɡ
ܣ
ͻȻ뷢һ󺰣Ȼתӣһ̣ڲٱκνҵ֪ԼҲ֮С
촩Խһ޴ĴǽΪԼ
ٸһλᣬζѡȥˡ
ֻϧʱ䲻ҲܷŹǣɴ֮۶ɵķ磬ƻʵ򼫿ޱȣβ˵׷ȥ
ȥؼǸĿռ䶼Ѿļʥ֮Ҳ޷ͻƷԼһʥ
ꪣ
һܵ;вִٵķһǸ칭һĺɫꪶȻųɺڹ⣬𣬷칭Լˡ
칭Ҳ׷ѪɫâĸڿС
Ϊʥ׷ϵĹ̵Уꪼײ˷֮ϣȴǿֱӽ롣
Ծվԭأעǰ׷Ŀޱ飬һλһƬ֮ջĿ⣬תӣ׼Ƕʮһǿߡ
Щǿ߸ղһδҲſˣֱע⵽Ŀ֮ž
ǿʵڳ˵һԼķ֮׷ɱλߣһ澹ȻͬûһԿʮһǿߣ
ˣɱ
˸ߺ̵õӦʮһǿһεĳϷ˹
ƽޱȣֳǰһݷһΪռʱһ޴ѷ죬һƬڰճֳͬһ޾ĺɫԨһ㣬ԼЩĺ嫹˿
ڰ֮Уϯͬʱ޾£վ֮ԣڷ裬죬
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ǿǷϹȻȫ֮Уͬʯһ㣬һ˿δ𣬾ʧ٣˲ֺ
շ϶ɵеĹʵ˴۽硣
ڲٷϵҶʦ䣬Ķ̲סս˫ȭԼʲôʱӵʦַɰ
ȻʱԵĹūȴȻСֹһ䣺е㲻ԾΪʲô칭ãҪô鷳ĺأ


1414 е
ūܲ󣬵ǾۼߵĶһˣԴҶķǳ
̫ЦЦ⻹򵥣ԼżңԸЩСֵ칭ڶ࣬ùĻһһ̫ʹˣǰڴĥء
Ҳͷ̫˵е
Ȼ˵ڼӵг裬Ϊ̶ֳȣѾǵˣһһָ̺֮֮Ҫٶ칭ˡ
ȻһԵ˳ȴգ۾֮ɫҲиǿĵûг֣ԣǰûж칭
һ仰ǵ˲¶֮ɫ˶ˣôܻصĵˣʵȻĸֻҪǿ
ūҲͷλСֵ˵еǲ֪˵ƢУɾ䣬û˿ˮԵ֮ʱҲˣ϶Ƕ칭ֱɱУٽսǽʵе㷴ܿĻиǿĵûг֣ʼղҶ칭
Ͼڵ״̬Ҳ۷ʱڣ칭Ĵޣ뱣ʵ
ūô˵ˣȻҲˣոеɵɫٴα˻ҪǿĶֻ֣ڵ죬죬ˣ
ϾԼǴӵػػģܹɵĶ֣мĿǺͬһ硣
һ뵽ܻܿһ򼸸Եĸ̶֣е㲻׷״Χϣܹҵһ˿
Ȼʲô޷֡
ʱʮǿߵֹѾȫֳָƬ޾֮С
ԭգһƬգ·ͻȻʮҹɫ貶Ŀռ䡣
ͬʱͻȻƬ֮Уһ̣ȴѾʮλǿߵǰ
˿ʮⲢǴ˿ռ֮ţҲǽոķʱԽգȫֱӴգ޾ľһ֮䡣
飡
֣һȭͬ籩ȭ磬Ȼʮǿȫǡ
һ֮ʮ֮ʵǰԵ˼¡
ʮǿȻ˾⣬֮£ȻҲԴУ𣬸ʩͨԿĹ
ֻϧ¸ֳĴ֮׵ľͽеĹȫ˹ȥһȭȴصǿߣȻûнǻУȴǿѪα˳ɿ⡣
²ͣһٴγǿߵǰһȭҳȻҪϾɱ
䣡
ǿΪ˵ֵղһȭѾǽ߾ȫں⣬ֻĿȭͷȻŴԼ˵ǰ

ҽкΪһǿ屻ȫ򱬿ֱ䣡
һȭǿ֮ٶ࿴һۣתߣٴѡǿߣղŵһ顣
ͬһλ߸ϵһ㣬޾Ϻͨ˵Ƭ֮䡣
Ƭ̵ĹʮǿѾһ룬ֻʣ¾ˣ
һľǿߣһ֮⣬ڶ̶Ƭ֮䣬˳ΪޣԶĴʧ
̫˶̲ס˿ǺЩոȥʵ൱֪磬֪Ҫٿͼѣٱ޷ĴۣȻڣһǰӰһ׻
ǲ࣬ǿʵǰκζǿ̸
⣬ֻҶע⵽ˣɱľŸˣ۹ģȻΪ֮ɴ˿ɼѪһŵ˾۹
¡
һľȻԶ˼æѭȥңԶʾͷǿķ׷ɱš
ըĵطһӽʮľ޴Ģڻ𣬶֮УӰ˳
Ȼߣ³ʥꪣҲ޷ķ磬֮£һԼ˷統УԱǻΣλͬӹһ١
ˣҲǻͷ˺ۣϵٶѾѻһ޿Ƶĺޣ
պꪵͷɢңң˹ֵܸͬھ
꣡
֮ͻȻ޴磬ݺݵߵͷ֮ϣ


1415 ץסռ
һĻ˶ĿɿڴΪʲôúõϻ磬ߣ
ħЦϹƽ϶ǻ¸ɶˣүȥǡ
䵹˵
ƺΪ֤ħĻһֻĻȻиӿ£һȫߡ
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˳Щ磬૵ĵ
٣ѵڻͻ˾磬Ҫˣⲻİɣ
˶ʱֹͣ˶ĿȫߵϣҲ⣬ĿⶢԶƬ纣ֻǲڴ˿ȴǶһ˿ء
ħ̲סֵɴֱӽǸˣһ˰ˣ
ȻڷħոµʱͻȻо֮һɺ嫵ѹһ
ѹǴոձеߵɢġ
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˷ǵˣ˫Ŀ֮տտ֮ϸǻһɵǿԵǿ
֪ˣǸղǿпܻĴ٣ǵӦǳɹָʵʼû˵ͻȻڵ
ܣǰ޷Ҫܵôɡ
ΪѾű֮ģźꪵʱָʵٲûнֻ׷ڣҪɱң
Ȼࡣ
Ľͣˣ˵ȷǿͻƴָʵĺǱɣʥİǿģܹɱǵ֮ǰһʱ䣬ڣǾҪʱɱ
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Ϊʵʱָǵһּ£˵ĸоȻˡ
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˵֮˴󲽶УÿһƬؾȻʼҡΣ˿Ƿ·ˣǱɽ
һ̣ҶɫأǾǿȴӿϣܹɱǵҲһ
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ɫ֮лâ˸һص·ϣľصĴĸо֪ҪıУǾ
ūʥ֮вϼһķ֮ʥ֯·Ĺ
˲ΪһѺͬڱ֮£޵еģǵ˵ʵľ磬ܷԿأ
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ڿץסʲôȴǿտҲеͷԡ
Ǻܿ췢֣˫סĿռ侹ȻҵŤͺǿռһ鲼һץס˿ռһǣΧĿռӲһ
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ȣ
ĿͻȻһȣ˫ȻصһһһƬٷԲľ޴ռ䣬ͻأصһýƬɫ
ͽץס˿ռ䣬ҽռ䵱һ󲼣˺ס˺ɫ
ſռ䱻˺ȻһƬڰҲ˳˳һӣһͽƬźɫĿռ䣬ֱӽյ
һ̣سţˣߣϸ¶ŵɫĶ࣬޷źԼʵĹȻֹķʽˡ
¡¡
һٴһƬĺ˲佫߸


1416 
֮ϣܣзԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣȫ޾û߿裬
˿ĿߵѾΧӲӣͷԼıӳ˳֪ˣ»Ϊͷĳս
Ťı飬ԼŴ󵽼µȴһͣѲ³ܵʹ֮
ȻֻǾƬ֮УĿһеˣľս󱳷Զ֮һЩʵϲ˶̱˵ϣΪ޷ŭ֮
ʣľǿ֮УȻ۹ģ۱֣ߵĺ󱲣֮£ҶֻĿš
˵ע֮£ߵͬһһ㣬˿ֱȫɢޣƬ֮УΨǼʥꪣĸڿС
ֻߵģԺꪰȻ
Ϊֹǿߣȫ䡣
һԱƵ磬ǿʵٻ
ͷβޱעһУֱȫʧ֮һУǸ˺ɫԶɵС
Уƺе㲻Ը⣬΢΢ߣ˫֮⣬һѲӣꪶʱͰ
ȻѾĨ˺ԭ˵ӡǣ±һʥ
·Ҷɨһ֮󣬺Ȼꪶһӣﬡһ죬ꪱֱû˳峤ǰĵ¡
Ϊ˱ң˼Ĵۣʥ͸ǣҶǵĲϣܹΪڶʥ
ЩԻԵ״̬Ѫ֮Уʵ緢鶼ָƣȻĻôܻ칭嵱ҪĹʮ
仰޲ĽĶҪˮˣʥ޼֮Ȼô׵͸˳塣
ȻγȷأǼ壬岻֮󣬾ͽӵʥĿǰΪֹ۹֮⣬ûܹͬʱӵʥ
ȻҲζųĵλٴεõ
ȻҲмȴæӦ֮Σй޹ʥ̫أջء
ҡҡͷ°ɣ
ȻҽܣҪ۽ɨ˹ūҶæŵˣ˼ʥūǰʦܰɣ
ūòϣʦܣһҶһ˿ЦҪ
ȷҶϻʥǼֵҪȺǿϰٱҪ
ҶҲһԼʦ̫ˣʵǿʶҲǾˣȻܹԼϲŵʥ
ȻºҶ֪Լ仰
󣬳ֻܳϻ̳Ͽֵ˺ꪡ
һ֮ת¿Ǿһߵǿǡ
ЩĿȻͽץסռһ̣⣬һʥأߣ϶ҲܷŹǣǾֻܵȵڡ
Ŀǣһǿһһ
ƺǺ֮ľһְȫ룬һ
ǣһǰȥǿȻǲȥֱ˵ʥıԵش·ˡ
ʱһǿ߶Ȼعߺλڿʥ뽫ʥ֮ʱ
ҲӦԼôû뵽ȻʥǿʥҲҪɱģԼͬһսߣ֪Ѿֵ£Ӧǽʥ֮ȥöһ˿ϣ
˼æſʼʥķ򿪿ڣϣԷʱʥ֮ȻֵǣԷȴʼûзӦ
˸еֵʱȻҡҡͷ¶һ˿ЦǱ˵ӣȻ֪
ʲô˼
ȻЩηȻֱӱ¶һҲһ۵λϲͶ٣ԲŸʡ
ȻûҺĵĽǷʵĿң뿪ǣһȺӶѣǵǵУ
Щǿһ֮æʵǣ˭ѵ֪ǵ
ȴǣǿԻ׾޴ʥû´ĻӦǺڰ޳ɣ


1417 ڰ޳
ڰ޳
ˣ˶İΪڷ˽绹ھ죬ŹڤظĴ˵
λר˻ǰظʹߡ
Ҷһ뵽ˣԼڵõѪ죬λԼץߵİ޳ʹ
˵ĺڰ޳϶ͬѰ
ūɫȻһ䣺ڰ޳ǾȻҲˣ
Աߵĺºĵ˵ūϴүڰ޳ô£֪
µʵҲСˣòҶҪἸ֣Լϵˣϴүƺĺ͹ūеΡ
죬һصΪȪҾ˵ȪǺظĻȪ飬Ƿ˻ˣҲ˻֮󣬻ǶҪǰȪ
ڰ޳ǸǵĹ
ūոս꣬¾̴ҡͷϴүҿϺͿ˰ɣǲ˵СֺС˵ϸò˰ɣҪлȪĻҾүˣ
ūûĵһ۵ϻǵȻţȪΪأһУκ˶֪˺ͻȪҲûн˵һλͻȻʧ٣ۿǺڰ޳ߣһŭ֮£ſʼ׷Ȫ䣬ͺڰ޳ţͷ潻֣󡭡
˵ū̾˿ֻ֪һս֮󣬾ʹ뿪죬칭Уص˻졣
һʱһȻūѾ˵תˣǴҶɵӣ˼
Ȼػػĸԭ򣬿¾ΪںͻȪĴս֮аˡ
˵㣬п뿪ܵΪ˶ܻȪ
Ȼ뷨ֻתһ£˭Ҳվš
ʵĻȪʵҲ̫ˣ
ķɣղŴĿã⻹ʵ߶Ķ֣ô죬ӵ۷սȻ򲻹Ȫˣ
ֲǣǺڰ޳ĻǾǴһ·׷ɱ
ʱȥȪȻԸŹ
ȻūҶѹҶһ죬ȪɱѪеһλҲ˺һλʦ֣
ҶȻס˵仰ǹūԲţ
Լľλʦʦ㣬һݺ죬֮ȻȻ˻ȪУ
ٺ٣

໰£ɭɭЦȻ
һ꣬û뵽ȻǵС
ǿ֮ãһֱթǻĲһҵ㣬ƫƫ㻹Ҫǽҵˣ
ʼһɤ߿һɤϸͳ˸оΪܣ
˶äĿתԴѰԴֻƽɣ˫Ŀתעſеĳǰһ꣬Ҳʱ˽һǵľˣ
ղչ۷磬ɲ꣬ҶǲýҺΪС
ߣҪٻһΥ׳ǱҪ£֮Ϲ淢䡣
˵˵˽׹λһģһģ
ȻһЦȻѾˣôûܹҵߣССҲ˴Բѣˣ
Ҳ
ߣ
Ӱ֣֮˼æȥȻʹ˵֮кڰ޳һģһһһ£ͷɫñɫ׺ݣһһ£ͷɫñЦ
Ȼ˵ݻľǺ޳ƨǰ޳
¶ʼƵʥҲȥ¶˱ࡣ
ֻ޳󣬺ȻһɫĿɥ޳һ˰ɫлᦣ
޲˿ǰ˶ΪѹͻԪɡʥڻĳЩȻڲ֪ǾȻǺڰ޳
ȻɥлҲʥǺͺһʥһڵ죬ʥ
һ̣˶ֲʵĸоΪһݷʤأ۹֣߳ڸĺڰ޳٣
ڳôˣһμôĸ֣֮⣬ȻҲĽΪ˭Ҳ֪ԼⱲǷл뵽졣
Ժڰ޳Ȼ̯ƣ³֣칭


1418 ˫뷢
ˣ
һֱڳʥ֮ϵ칭ٻʱȻһѪ⣬ֱӳС
һסһֻѾ֧
̫ȷɣ֮ʼûж칭ԸǰǿߣȻΪ˵ˡ
Ҳ֪ڰ޳ʵԸߵˣȻǿȻó칭Ҷ׼Լˣ˵ɫҲеѿ
޳ЦĵˣôûˣռαؾͶǹɰɣ
޳ߣȻǱѷһ廹δȫָ칭ҲǵĶ֣
ǾԿ
ಣ
Ȼɱϣո£ѾŹ˳ȥ
һ˫
칭һɳȥٶȴǿľˣ
ڳôУûмܹӰӣֻڿлļƿ֮
ң͹ūǰȥһֻͬȥ֮󣬼ûʲôѪҲû貶Ŀҫ۹âһ˿һƶûУݷ伣һ㣬֮С
û˻ȥ
ɳȥͬʱڰ޳ѾӰһһҵ˳ȥԿԼɫӰӷֱβǵ
Ȼͬʱֱˣɴ˿ɼڼϵ裬
ͻȻһĲҽ

ԶŵѪ𣬾ŸӰͬʱӿˤ£ȻǾǿߡ
Ǹղϣڰ޳ܹʥ֮ĻᣬȻȴ˵ֻһȺӣȻҲǷͷ
ڰ޳ֵһ̣жһ˿ңǾ϶ὫעתƵڰ޳ϣҺڰ޳˵ҲᶯʥԸǵʱû׼ҵ˵ء
ǣҲû뵽ǲϣǱڰ޳ո
׼ȷ˵ɱǵǸʼЦݵİ޳һ£лᦴǿߵǰӹԭɫлᦣȴѾѪȾ͸˺ɫ
ٿǾӿµǿߣȻողǾ˳ɰǧһ²԰ޱȣȻ˸ʬ
ڵѪȫлᦸˣ
ȫ֮һĻסˣ˭Ҳ뵽ڱ׷ɱİ޳Ȼܵͬʱ˲ɱǿߣǿǻڶŶһĳְ
԰޳ȴһ˿ԱûУ
⻹ֻǱӵȫİ޳ôڰ޳֣ӵȫĺڰ޳֣ǵʵﵽһľ磿
˵ʵѾ޷ˣΪȫļ£ҲΪˣЩʽϲˣ˿оȻһ־ĸо
ҶĴܸУ
ԼЩ˿ǧ꣬òӵľ磬Ϊ˵޵УҲһ˼ǰȴͬһֻһһǻмȥıҪ
ʵΪʲôÿɣÿĸ֣֪ǵĺһЩԭ
Щ飬һ˳ױ
ȻʱͻȻ𣺡һһ磬ͬ粻ͬˣʲôþģҲǴǵһȥģҲһǵ磬ʱǿδ֪
һҰؽͬĺĳӰ㣬ص˵Ժļ䣬ǴӾ֮оѹ
һһ磬ͬ粻ͬˣ
ҶԼΪ˵ʱ򣬿ǿֲʵҲͬо߲ʣԼ˵磬ɱˣŲʱѣ
ڰ޳ȷǿԼһҲ죬ʱǿδ֪
һ̣ҶĻˣĿһۿͬһ㣬ΰɽĬĬĵл
¡
һ촫˼æѭȥֻ޳ǸѾͬһСɽһСĿɥȻ׷˹ȥ
ͬʱҶԺ֮ͻȻʶʦܣһв⣬̽Ԫ֮أԪգȻԲٷΪʽѪһš
仰֮ͻȻǰ֮ѪɣƬѪ֮УȻֳһƬĹأһ磡
ū˫ĿԲỨ˸磬磬ֿˣ


1419 
ūļҶȴһصӰΪղݣˡ
صηȪԭУôʱոոһ·׷˵ĺڰ޳ȻûбʤģͬղλһܿǱͬھľģҪڰ޳
ȻĻҶȡٷϵĺԪҶڲٷϿɡ
ɴ˿ɼղŹū˵ĻҲӦòǼٻѪһ֮УһλѪ֮˻Ȫ֮֡
ܹ֪ԪĴڣҶûие̫𾪣Ϊڵʱ䱾ͱҪϸꡣ
ңҶţܹδ֪ĽԼڻѪ֮У֪֮ԼһʦѣЩǿһλʦӵĳ
£ҲӵӵĳЩơ
ڣҶѪһŵĴʱѾ˽⣬ȻҲ֪ÿһλѪֵ֮ʱ䡣
ħǵһѪ֮Ѫÿһ괫һεʱ㣬ôԼǵʮһѪ֮ǵʮϾӵھŴʦǵڰ˴ߴʥս죬ǲ׶һֱڶҲǴʦħԯ콾
ҶţͻȻ͵һ
Լľλʦʦ㣬֪ڹȥԴʱûйʲôǵԼһǾˣͬħ죬ǿʼϵԼγ֡
Ǵʦԯ콾ннԯҽԼǰʦӸƣʦǧ֮ǰһһľ֣Ϊ˳ȫԼٽʦսĺս죬ĺսֽ֮սʽԼ
֮ɲɵսĹʾҲóԼУپʦļƷԼڲٷסĺԪʦǸԼǰ
һУֻɺϣңԶĹȥԤ˽Լĳ֣ԲŻϵĳԼߣ
ǺߵĻôΪʲôҪ
ѵΪԼϣƷ죬ȳʦǸ
ҶֻԼѾҳһŽ˦˦ͷһжʱŵһߣˣΪе⣬պ϶һ𰸣ߣĿҲ֪һЩ
ʱ֮ϣȻһƬ嫵磬ޱȣΪ֮оȻ߹ʮ̫ӲӵĹâҫķȵ¶ȣӰ쵽˻磬Ҷ˶ÿѵ
ʮ̫֮⣬Ƭ֮лһֱ߲ǴִҲǧ֮
ֳ칭ͬһɽһ㣬ڴ֮£ͷʮ̫ޱעͬѾƬ֮еĺڰ޳
ϴүʲô˼
ʵ޷ǰ𺳳̲סٴūѯʡ
ūɼŵڻ֪ǵʵһ֮󣬾ͿԶٳһԼ磬˿ٳ磬Ϊ磬ľƬ֮Уܵ˿ɵС
˶ʱеˣ磬ʵǺ̫ЩӵеĶСһơ
仰˵ڻڵЩӵеĶ磬¾ĸǣʵǿпٳһ磬Ȼ֪ںԭ˻죬շתǵС
գԼ˫ŮԼʵðϸĵ۵ԭǶ磬ֻǣΪʲôǰҪвóʮ̫أǿôô£
ȹūشһԵ̫ལκȻĵֻһ̫Ÿ̫̫ľֻڣܾǰڹ̫壬幩̫𣬲ҽ£Ϊ̫һĴڣ䣬Ϳ̿ʬҰ
˼ʱ֣żֻڡ
ལεĻ˻Ȼѹ̫ڽոϹ࣬ԭɱڣ̫˵Ķ¡
ǿأ
أҲǷ˽ľУһľȻδӦþλشǳ峤棺˵ӣǵһλʥŮԶľرĸ顣
һι£ҶİӹĿ廹Ů
ūͷٳ磬ĹļԸһУ


1420 
Ȼڰ޳Ҳ֪Ŀֲû뵽Լ˾Ȼô˴˶һ֮󣬲Լͬĵ˵ͷʱ˵֮ͬʱâһһڣڿн㵽һ𣬺ȻҲ۳һ̫ͼ״ת˹ȥ
һĻҶ˳һۣΪҲܹԲͬķʽճ̫ͼǰڰ޳֮γɵ̫ͼȣľҲʮǧ
⵹ûдǵģǱ˴˶ʶˣӣ;Уֶ̫СǴǸƱضҪյһͼΡ
ȷʵΪķź·Ȼͬ;ͬ飬ȴҪߵһеȺ͵йصĶԽ򣬶ڸ˵ЧԽá
ǰ̫ͼԱǧףڰ׹âϣԿʮ̫ɢҫ۽⣬ƶ֮£һϵսӿѹֱ綼Ǿ𶯡
һ˿ֻҪͼͻɢ
ȻʱͬһλµһȻվԭأϲޱûпһǸԼԽԽ̫ͼ
̫ͼҪٽ֮ʱеʮ̫ɢĹâͻȻʮ࣬һɫ⾹Ȼ̫֮׷̫ͼ
һһ֧һһƬ޾ļ飬ա
ݣ
ʸƿ֮𣬾춯أǸ޴̫ͼϣǱһ㣬ʵ̫࣬ȻһƬʵ
䣡
һ촫̫ͼڱɸ֮ڼֲס׵ը˿
Ȼûжͽڰ޳һɷ飬Ҷ޲սȭͷг˼
ħѿ˷֮ĵ̫ˣʲôڰ޳˼ҵĶ֣һλҪȥظĺڰ޳ˣ
ӣСˣ֣ȥظĻ𣿿϶𣬻ɢһԸŵ
ȻûпڣϵҲǷȻһ϶еԿ׻λǿߡ
ȻʱȻڣóǵ汾𣿡
ٺ٣ҲӰ
ߣó汾£֮ʱǻ̫ˣôżǾͳȫ㣡
ڰ޳˵֮󣬺޳ǸɫĿɥ޳˰ɫлᦡ
ɥͻȻǺ֮񣬻һݷڹ֮УдΪ𶯡
л֮ϸֳһͬĭһͷ飬ÿͷ϶Ϳ־֮ɫͬһӿΪֲ
ʲôܲˣ
֮ս֮У˫ס䣬˻𣬶ո£üͻȻըһŽһ㣬硣
ţ˵üķ׷ըһһŵĽǰ̵ĳ硣
Щ⣬ǵ꣡
ʦܣƣڰ޳ĿǺл֮ר꣬ģ
ͻȻҶͷ𣬶ҶҲͬצһ㣬֮æ߶˲ٷƣٴθֶȻ˲䰲
ū¶ֵĵڰ޳ĹʽʵʶĹɥлᦾһרŵĻ˷ʤ
ȻרҶ˵ǻĴûмǼ۽ˣȻֲһ÷Ϻڰ޳ݡĹ
·˹磬Ȼ죬ͷȻѾлᦵǵأ˹ȥ
һУüͻȻѿһŽ⼤
ǵлǣҽųǴη
ߣѾˣĸԸĽԼϣǴߣ
ڿɥлᦵ˫ع֮£˶ܸоԼҪԴ˿˶ڽ߾ܵıԼ꣬ǳȥ
Ȼȴƫƫ֮ȻԼͷųھǷɶ˻ȡ
üеĽȫ֮󣬺ڰ޳ɫͻȻˣʼһЦݵİ޳ҲǱ𾪺ηȡ
Ž֮аĸ꣬һӣΪнƣ޷Ŀ
ڰ޳Ȼϳӣ̿ڣѾǻ
ӣ
㣬㾹Ȼõӣһ֮У


1421 
ϴүʲôΪʲôһô£
ȻǺºūѯʡ
ū˿Ҳž֮ɫ˿ӣ˭Ѿ޴ӿ죬Ǿ˵ƴӵˣΪ˽һ˫Ļ
Ϊ˴ﵽĿģרץеһЩʦ£Ȼûֱ֮˻ΪĶǷߣľ֮꣬겻ȫġ̵ĻƸӡڡ
ľͱһĻʥھ;Ҳ֪ڵķ޴ʦҲ֮࣬һ֣ӣ
ⷬľȻ˱̬ɱ޴ʦƳһӡ
Ҷǰ˵ͷ֮׼ķǽ˵ѪΪƷҪɵȻר׼ķʽͱΪ
ȷмĿƷףǴ˷̫ѪȣΥͣԺٻʹãö֮Ѿʧˣ׼ҲƷ
Ȼû뵽Ȼ˻ὫƷһǷ޴ʦ꣡
ڷ˽磬޴ʦǸ߸ϵ˵ھˣÿһλ޴ʦԶӵͨ쳹֮ܣǼˣȴҲǱ˵˼Ʒһ֪֮࣬ӵˣ˼ʵǶôĿ£
Ȼ֪ӵãǿڰ޳ɫı飬Ѳ³ӿ¶ǣſƵá
ǹž޲Ѿͷ֮ϣҹâ𽥰˿Կӵӡ
һ֮£˲еʧΪ֮ϣͭ⣬һźܳͷˡ
ͭӳ֮£ЩĻƣƺһЩι״֣ʧģͭҶ˵һ棬ȻѾѿһֵѷ졣
κ䱾ɾҪۿۣӦҲ⣬˵ʵڳôˣӣ¶û˿ȥɷռط
ʱУлзɳͷۿžҪ嵽ǰͻȻ
һ죬۵Ȼһ𣬶ʱһɫȻ֮ţһо֮
˲Ϣ֮䣬оѾ춯أдġ
˵Ҳ֣оͬʱɥзĹǺ֮ȻϢģͷ֮ԭı飬ţһϢоУһĽ⣬鲼֮䡣
ԭЩܵɥлӰǵ꣬Ϊ籾Գһ磬޷УȫΧıԵܣо֮ЩҲͬɢĽҲ
ڴ͵оУ֮ϺȻǧһʰ쵵ͨҲŸ֣еЩͷЩ꣬Ȼȫӿͨ
ʴͬٲһ̤֮յһʹ⣬ʧ֮䡣
ɭɭ磬תۼͱ˼侻磬ɫĹâÿһ䣬֮ݷ鸡֣һǰȻԵá
µԲ۾עһеӣֱ˵ϴүǲ˴˵޴ʦƵ
˵ʵĿ̵ˣҲӵӿɻΪӸ˵ĸоȫǽ˷޴ʦǾ꣬ﵽ꣬ã͵ʱı̬Υ
ūҡҡͷΪЩȫˣʵȫӣӴԺΪ֮飬ԶĺΪһ壬ţǿϸӣղǲ˱仯
ʲô
ӿĻɶʱղŵǧͨȻͨӵģ
˼æӣһ֮£Ȼ˱仯ⲿͭѾһЩ¶ĲֽӲӣϵĻȴǱղֶһЩûв´ĻӦþЩյγɵģ
ʱ˿̣Ծ޷ԶĵоҲڳ𣬽֯һ̲ǵ
վĺڰ޳Ŀ΢ü֮оȻ¶һ˿⣬ȻҪ֮Ƕ˵Ҳڣ


1422 
ڰ޳ɫղЩлгͷҲòȥȻǶԵĳ֣ǡþǵĿǣǴ˿Ҳƴӵ
˶һ֮ƺĳĬ޳ȴһеĿɥ˿Уüѿһֱ˿ɥ
ˣ
ɫɥȻ󣬻ǧߣͬеһһ㣬أţɥϾȻŵƣ졣
ƵλãԶԶȥǿɥͻȻֻ۾һ͡
Ȼ˵ͷת꣬ͻȻڹⱩǣѷ쾹Ȼ˿ֻ۾һ͡
Ի
Ҷ˿֮ǰūԦʱƣҪ˺ܶ࣬ں޳ƺǽԼͿɥںϵһ
˾ˣ
һߣ޳ЦһҲͬлӵ˿УȻԼ뵽лУ϶Ϊһ
Ȼӵʼ죬ΪɥлҲʥڰ޳Уǽʥ֮Կ⣬ȻܵӰҲСࡣ
ڰ޳Ѿ˵ϣʡ£ǸߴɽĿɥлȴȻ˹
˹ĳľսֹķʽֱѾǵû뵽֮ˡ
Уڽ壬ָʹǷʮٱ
ȻķҲű׶˵ģʥȻ̣Ͼ˵壬ʩչʧȥҲʧȥеķ׸
һ嶼ûˣҲԶʥ֮УʱͳΪλ꣬³Ϊҡ
Ȼʱڰ޳Ҳ˲ЩˣǱҪץʱԿǽ򴩡
Ҳڱٴλľе칭ֻϣ׼ʥ
ͷ֮ϣӵȻӿ죬о֮Ҳ֮üⱩ֮УһӰڿиֳ
еӰһͬȫǷߣʹСȣһ˫ĿգׯϣԺз֣Ӳӣ֮УͬɽХо֮
ͬһЩߣ֪ǾڣҲڵЩˡ
˿ǾȻӰԻ˵Ӧǽӵӵ˼¡
ʶƺȻδȻ˫ĿδȴܹһУԷķɵ˿ɥлᦵң赲ǵȥ·
Ȳ˵Щ޴ʦǵ꾿ӵжôǿǱôʦΧס˸еٲάˣ
̫ˣ¿ǻʲô취
ºͷħƺѾʤ⣬һ鼤˫ֽճȭΪź
ȻʱͻȻĲһ£ţ֮УȻһѪ
ѪֹסһĲߵѪʣѩ׵ĳºɫĴأƺһɺɫĿġ
ˣ

ʦ֣
йˣһ̶鲻ԽվȻǴ磬Ǵ߶ӣڸոո˵ǼΪ顣
ѪȻʲôõ˽ҶǱȱҪ֪ĶһЩ
թΪѨλ޷ټͨǰͨѨλֱպϣòթȻħĿų´ͨѨλȫĻѪĸ˹Ƕ˵ѪĶһԵô࣬Ԫ
ܿøոոٴε£볤֮С
ڳԼ֮⣬˭Ҳ޷˵ˣҪ綼ǲܵ顣
ҶΪʲôղڴ֮ǰҪԼ˵һˡ
ʦ֣
Ҷ̲סٴθߺ
ΣƺҶתͷ΢΢ĵ˵ͷȻͷתȥʱͻȻڿն
һƬ磬һŻһͻȻܵĿռ䣬һƬ嫵գţû֮С
ֱȫպϣ˵Ȼ÷У˭Ҳû뵽һΡ
Լ磬ͬһĺڰ޳ѵ뿪
һսյĽΣ
ɱڰ޳Ǻڰ޳ɱͬھԶʧ޾֮У
ոո᲻ٴγ֣£
ÿ˵жɻ󣬼ĵȴţ


1423 ع
ԲٷΪģԲǧ֮ڣеˣ߲ݵԭȴʱ䡣
֮УһƬ챻˵ͻָƽȥЩǣʬҲԵ˺͵͵ߡ
ʱȥȴҲûпյ𵴣ûпǺڰ޳ĹΪֹ˶֪ͺڰ޳ͬھˡ
ǣһ֮սʹįһսһУؽʷᣬԶԶȥ
һսгʮľ䣬˸ǲǸһСĺƽ١
ЩƽٶǾȡҪɱҪ֣ҲͲ³
ȻսˣҲ֪һսŸոĻ
ȥô֣Ǹɺͼ壬Բôưոݣ۹糾͸߶֣֮ǱҪ
۹֮⣬Ҫ𣬱ȻڰнУΪΪֹԼ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ɱôǿ߶ںδ
ҲڻɱǵĹû˵ΪЩ飬ĻתأһĲ
ȻˣǳȻʦҶɴôЩޣȻǵϡ
ҶصˣҲȻȻĳΪ˺ĿĽ㣬ԻɱļҶǿƳ˵ǰȥħɱļҺͷҵǿߣʥսʾ֮ʱһκճȻҲ
ڣû뵽ȻֱʦܣڱĹ̵УǹƥսһǿߣȻδʤҲڲ֮أԾ칭벢ٷ壬ٽٷϵĴĸȡʱ䡣
֮ҶѾע⣬̬ȣһǵУһѣĽ»Ҫȵ֮
ۼڻеȺûȥʱ飬ֱһǵľаٸнҲ쳣ȻȺľۼһ̸εĴս
Щ飬ƺҶǶѾû˹ϵ񲢵ٷϣԾڳճյעʧƬգǹū˱һƣ춼ûиı˿»
ֱȥҶѾϣ۾ӿһɱˣԼλʦֺòײŸû뵽ȴҲΪôֵ׷ɱȻ⼸ȫУԼȴҲĴۡ
һ꣬ȴٴγߣ
ֵ𣿲ֵ
Ҷ̾˿ûܹ𰸣¾ԼҲС
ʱ򣬳վȴǶҶһ񣬽һæǰʲô
Ҳβסı뿪֮ʱң˵ڴ˵ؿɣϣܴУȥټˣǴ˵أԸţԹǲ
˵֮󣬳įת뿪ˡ
ȻţǵҪǳ£ôˣΪ峤֮ңҲ֪һս֮󣬳ҲᱻΪд̣жںꪻδܳΪڶʥ֮ǰ»죬õİ취Ҷɡ
ҶעųʧıӰͷһĬȻԼҪڲٷϿ
ѪһȻԹžУ°ħڣûĿɣ˵λʦʦˡ
ҲҶе㲻֪룬ѪʮĸݺµľǶδɣԼСܹ
˵ʵҶûġ
ȻҩĺȻߵҶǰ뿪֮ǰңһ⣡
Ҷһ㶣ŵãȻǰʡ
Ͳ׶ʲôϵ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮Ҷʵʵ˵ȻδҲҵһλʦ֡
𰸣Ĳû˿𾪺ͻɣǡͨһ˫ϥڵأϣعţ
ԭҩĵһҩȫڲ׶
عţ
ĸҶ岻һ
λʦʦ㣬ǸԵĺ˺͵Լ֮⣬Щ˺͵ӣ˶֪ǵŵںδŵֶ֪
ⲻǶѪһ˵ǶѪ˵һĪźһֳ衣
ԼҪֲźҪϴˢֳ裬ҪʦֵĻڴ˵ؿɣʽѪһţ


1424 ض
Ҷܣ̫ħͺµ˵ȫ˼֮ɫԶūԾɳ±ԵݷѾΪһʯͷ
һ̣ҶѾ¶ģ˫ĿƵĿ˳ң
˳ǽǣǾʦҶҪɣܹõİƱػ°빦
˳Ҷ֣Ƿһʦ뿪֮ʱҲ˵ɣҲعţȻδݴʦΪʦǼȻ̳дʦ²ȻԸţܹٻ磬Ҳ󽫴Ⱥڲ룡
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ȻѾг塢ĺ˳ȷ룬ѪһԾƵ£Ҫǵ̫ǳЩʮĴȣ൱Ĳ࣬ҶȴģΪѪһŲһ˶ʦԼλʦʦĬĬ֧֡
ڿ֮ǰҶҪȽ벢ٷĵضȥԪշⲻĽҲҶй뷨ǽԪԼ
Ҷɣʦ֮ԺķѾ޴ۣڲٷϽסԪǲǾΪ˳ȫԼ
Ҷ̫˹λǰʦллλԮ֮
̫ȴǰ˰ֵ㲻лңǱˣҲѾˣ뿪죬㿪֮ʱϲ
˵̫֮ħͺ£Ϲħͬʱվ𣬶Ҷ˹ָת뿪
֮Ҷֿĵǰ
ǰֵӲҵȻĮȴĴҶĻ
ƺ⣬ʼҶͷ۵飬ΪԼı̫ˣ֮£ֱֻӵе£Ҫǰٷڲϣͳܹտһ¹ūǰ
ŹūӣҶʵûȥֻţҲķβܣԱίĺ˳Ϊտ

Ҷ˵˵ͷŹһض·ߣŵضȥ
ϴ軹ǧ˪ȥһΣ֪ԪĿ£һΣյĻþ֮УҲ˸档
ǧ˪ڵ֪ҶĹϵ֮ȻԸս±͸Ҷ֪гһձضȡԪ
Ҷлأһ˺Ԫڵĵض
ǸȻâɣĿĵġ֣Ҷԥһ֮ǿм˹䶦
䶦Ҷǿٻʱھ𶯣ƺڿܣԼĲǵ֮ܵȴİҶٿأԶͷϷ
ӣѾ֪˺ԪΣա
˹䶦ıҶ˲٣һҧǸ֣
ֱǵ֮γɵһõ֣ʵ壬Ҷ״ȥȥɲǣٴˣӦ
سԪء
Ԫδ֣Ϊһ֮Ԫ
ˣ
䶦ȻԼ֮һźɫâͬһƬһ㣬Ҷ
˹䶦ıҶȻûϴٲþԾһƬƣҶ۴򿪣ֻܿǰһҵľ
Ҷ˿ףЩӦþǺԪģΪŹ֣Լ۶Ѿɣȴ޷俴
ҶСһƬ֮ǰȥȻ߳ȥԶľ룬͸оܵĿıó
Ҷǿޱȣټͷʥ䶦˵һɽѹҶκεӰ죬ѹִĸо
ӦþںԪ˵һ˿Ԫѹɽ룬أǿӣʦĺԪӦòٰ
ɾ޴ѹҶѵһǰȥ֮ϽķѪ⣬ѪҺȻÿһҵĴϰ졣
̶ʮ׵ľ룬Ҷ˾Ȼаʱ֮࣬˿ȴòͣΪǰǸղɽ·ǳһֻвһ߿С·һ޼ʣ׵ĺɫԨ
ƽʱ˵һС·ˣû·ҶҲԷɹȥڣȲ˵ɲܵǿѹٲάˣ
ٴôխһ·вͻʧˤȥȻǷǣ
ҲܷҶֻϢƬ֮ҧأΡΡ̤ܹһֻŵС·


1425 ȡԪ
һС·ֻаңȻҶȻһʱ䣬ÿһҪϢһᣬоյ·յ㣬һ鷽Բʮ׵ƽ̨
Ҷƽ̨ʱ̲סһƨ˵ϣͷϷĹ䶦ҲǸӾĲΪѹѾﵽһּ£ǹ䶦޷ֿˡ
Բʮ׵ƽ̨֮ϣѪ֮ƣе֮УҶԴһ㶼İٷĵڣ
ƽ̨ϷƮһƬҶ޷˵ɫ壬ȻǺԪ
ٷĵ󣬾Ϊס
ЩԪʱҶҲһΪʵ̫ˣ
ԭҶΪֻм˿Ȼû뵽Ȼô࣬ѹѹô޴ʥ޷ˡ
Ԫܻĸʵ㲻Ҳ˻ǳǰĺԪҪ˿ԻǵķϾƽһ˿Կ
ЩԪҶȴǷˣΪ֪δߡ
ȫڣ²꣬Լͻᱻѹˣװ֮Уʥ䶦ܲסѹʲôܹɺԪ
ۿŹ䶦ԽԽңȻҪＫޣԱҪϽ뿪Ȼһ䶦ҶͬᱻЩԪѹޡ
Ҷͷ۲ѵʱҿѪѪһ֣ʣµװ֮飡
֮飡
ҶǸεĶȻΪ
ҶѾû˼ʱ䣬ֻܰѪĻǽѪƳ⣬ʼպԪ
ΪзҶİҶҲҪȥæó֮飬ĥνԪеʱ
֮֮ͻȻų߲⣬Ҷƣֱ˺Ԫ롣

ƽعһһ㣬ЩƮڿеĺԪͻȻȻǰ̵ӿ֮֮С
Ƭ̹򣬸ղôһƬĺԪѾȫʧоų֮飬ֻһɱѪա
žડһ֮ӿе䵽˵ϣû˿ĶѪҲ»صҶڡ
ˣ
ţ䶦Ҳһ𶯣ͬҶ֮С
һеıʵ̫죬Ҷе㷴Ӧգ۾֮𽥻عŵϵ֮飬ԥԼҪҪȥ
ԪʧܵĿʱΪ֮һᣬû˹䶦ıҶ˵Ҳ첻κεΣա
ԥһ֮Ҷס֮飬ڵԼܷٽ֮ߣϾһ˿Ԫѹɽɽ룬ôĺԪ֮ڣ൱ɽѻһ
ȻҶû˿ɵĽ֮ץоǰûһ
꣡
ȻһҶ´ƽ̨֮ϾȻһѷ죬ŴԽԽܼҶʶƽ̨Ҫˡ
ҶҲ˲ٿ֮ˣռ䳾֮УһԾ𣬼æڴɱȥ
û˺ԪָҶȻҲ˷еμһ⣬˲׳С·´˽ɫġ֣ͣ
ԪѾûˣҲʧȥЧġҲʼ𽥰ȥ
󷨷֮õĲٷ壬Ҫػˡ
ҶԼС·ƽ̨ȻѾȫֻʣһ׵ľ޴Ԩ
ĳ˿Ҷʧġ֣ĥţԿǽٷ壬ĻԼ￪ɣھӵһ󣬶һԱ֤֮һõ顣
Ҷĥʱ򣬺Ȼߴһ֮ȻһԲٷ嶥Ӧ˴˲ٷ塣
뵽Ҷͣæ˳ȥ˲Ϣ֮˲ٷϣһ֮£жʱӿһŭ
˿̵Ĳٷ嶥֮ϣȻۼ֮࣬д󲿷ֶ۹ˣѾ˲ٷ壬ںġ˳ս
ȻҶ뵽۹˾ԲŹԼû뵽Էô죬ΪԼ˺ԪµʧЧھǴ˲ٷ˶Ĵţǿɳ֮
۹ĸ֣ٷΧˮйͨ˿̷嶥֮ҶҲֻ˶ѣйūʧǣʵûа취Ӧǰ״
Ҷ֣֮ϴһҶͷڹڳˣҵҪ˭ܹ㣡


1426 
˵ĲǱˣǺҶνķҷȻ
ȻǰΪ⣬ټ϶ҶҲ˽⣬ԲŻڴʱҶ䳰ȷ
ס֣
Ҷû᷽Ȼһ˳ߣ̧һƾںֵ˹ȥͬʱжѪѯʣܲٽҵڣ
ԣʱ䲻̫ܳã
ǰΪ˱ҶȻʱѪںһ壬Ծ˲СˣѪҲͬܵۡ
Ѫ仰Ҷ΢һף˳ʹ˸ɫ˵һԣվĵߡ
Ȼޱ飬ȴһ˿ɫȻǰľҲá
۹Ҳʱ֣ȫעҶ
ҶɨһȦ۹˺һЦû뵽ǻô죬ӣӦʼڲٷ帽˰ɣ
۹Χж֮Уʧأǿ䣬һҳҲмǿڷ
˵Ǹ൱ĴҺоǿЩͬǵūһڵƣҲҪΣո뿪ʱǾѾ˲ٷ帽š
ȷӦòҳ棬̫Ⱥ뿪ٷֵ֮ȵڵʧʽ¶棬չҶ˵Ľɱ
һǱ˳ҲεҶжպ̫ҪΪҶ˱Ҳȥ濹۹
ò˵۹̴ļãҲĲ̫뿪ʧˣǵУҶ˾ͬ׸һ㣬߱κεв
θ۹ǰĲǱˣǷҵλ棬ǰڶķʱ򻹳ŸҶϵҪеɵڴҲ뵽·ҶȻѰҵˡ
Ȼ湪棬ɱҶɣ
ûҶȻڷңҲ֮ӣһкǿߣϧΪҶĳ֣ڴʥսĹʾ֮ô˵棬Ҷ˼Ķ⣬棬ҶǺ֮ǣԴ˿̣ҪɱҶ
ȻΪ۰ȻЦŵͷ׼ˣСĵ㣬Сӹ龫֣û׼ʲôƣսپ

ȻתҶʱϵıѾˣ˫Ŀ֮мֱҪ棬ӿһһҶ˹
ҶȴûнȻǿҲһеǿߣԸҪѪںϣûʶ˳ǣһлͺǰйūǰ뿪ùң֮
˳üëӦ㻹ʲôķ˵
Ȼ˳Ҷܹôֵǰߣλ棬ʵ±̫˶ҪһЩ
Ҷεĵ΢һ²ٷеĵ
еĵ˳΢һҰӵʱ䣬ܲܽĴ¸ԭ
ܹ¸ԭĻôҶǾܶ༸ֻȥϣ۹ڶ֮ǿнٷ嶼ٵ
Ǽǲܵ飬ΪٷΪǣһٵ
Уѻ٣²øۣҪһʱ䣬Ŀǰֻܽµ
ã
˳ҲǸɴ֮ˣ֪Լл᲻ߣҶʹӦ
ҶŷʱȻҲߵǰҶһЦȻϴμĽѵ㻹ûмסҾͶ㼸
£ҶȻ̧ƣͻȻжʱһֻ޴ѪɫƣŷȻݺݵ˹ȥ
һֺֿݣҳϣȻȻûϵҶȫƵ£ȻȳֹԼһʱ޷㿪
ۿһƾҪ鵽Ȼϵʱ򣬿кȻһߣ
ţͬһֻ޴ƴֱҶȥ
žһƺݺݵ˲ٷϣֱɽ嶼΢΢ҿڣȻĻһƣԽɽ
Ҷȴ֮ǰѾĶ˿ĿſеķԴСǿǷң۹𣿡
ҶµȻ˵ԼͷȻǷԲԹۣһֱš
ЦѾ⣬ƾ׸ˣԴСǿôأ
ҶڷңԶʾͷȻһߣ
ͬʱѾʯͷĹū嶸Ȼһ


1427 
ߣٿūķӦҶ϶¶һŵɫ
ʾͷһߴӰ׷裬ѪȾۣÿһضΪ֮һ
࣡
˶ΪѾͺڰ޳ͬھ࣬Ȼٴγǵǰ
Ȼ˿ϳƣįȻͷڷѾȾѩ˪Ǽӣ޵еķɣȴٴԳݣһ
ղŻҫҶ˵ķ棬һ϶ʱɫһߣ
ߣ
һ˶ĵȷȷ෢ģʱղ׼뿪۹˾Ǳʩչ˶һȫԭأǷҲ⣬û˸Ҷһ¡
תۼ䣬Ѿ˲ٷϣϵĿ˵Ͻɨһۣ̾һ˲ԼͬĹ֮С
Ȼûй£ȴҲǳ˾ֺη壬̲סĲš
֮ǰ޵ڻֵ֮ĲɺĴڡ
ˣ
ʦ֣
ūҶ˶˳ȥ˷ܵĴг
˵˵ͷתһ۷棬ĵ⼸ɱѾˣҲٿѪһΣ߰ɣ
۹˼ԼĶ䣬ྐྵȻϷŹԼˣ
˰֮Żع˴˶һۣȻһͷ̧Զȥ
ֱ۹˶ʧ֮һ˲ٷϣĹūļˣ
򵥵ĸ֣ʱùūݺᣬ⼸죬ʼղ䣬ҶϣʱȻ϶
غûа׵ȣȻˡ
ţֿҶ¶һ˿Цݣʦܣúã
£ͻȻ˫һգֱͦͦȥ
ʦ֣
ˣ
Ҷ͹ūʱʧɫǰסҲ˹Ƭ̺ǰȻм˺ۣǲҹ࣬ӦֻľϢһ¾ûˡ
ʦͬʦֵĲɣʤ仰Ҷ͹ū΢
СĽŵϣȴѹ
ܹǿȻľ֪ͺڰ޳֮ǳսҵʲôز
֮Ὣźڰ޳ԼգΪ֮ĴսӰ졣
״̬Ҷ˿ʦֵĹݷĹǣֻҪڣôһж⡣
ֱڶİٴѹȻԾƣ״̬Ժ࣬Ҷˣ΢΢һЦվԵȣȥȥ
һ˵ǰʧ
ͬʱϿͻȻˡһ죬ſڻܵ·ȫ۳һõĻǡ
˳˶е˾֣ѵ˵ǿˣȻĻôԶַƣ
˵ͷת꣬ͿһӰգҾȻֱվûǵϷӸ£
⣬ǣ
ϳǸӰȻ࣡
໺ڣ쿪ʼҽסٷ壡
仰֮ӰѾȻš
Ȼδ
ƽ
˶Ŀɿڴԭأþ֮γѣ׷׿ʼ档
ϢһһԻΪģ˻˷֮Ѿȫ֪
һĴ𶯣ԭȻҲȻķű仯⻹ֻǿʼ˭Ҳ֪ջݱʲôһ״̬ŵ˵ĺпǷ츲أ
ƽԭȵĴͼƻȫЩѾ׼׷ɱҶͳǸûвж
Ȼ֪۹ѾǴͷҲһȻĻ۹ȻԪˡ
ʱŹ۹Ѫһź۹֮ĶԹҲʹ֮䣬ֻһ
ص˲ٷ壬ҶȻæݼǺ˼֮󣬾ʹҶض
ū˶֪ͺʱԶʦֵ֮лҪ˵Ȼ˭Ҹš
Ҷ΢΢һЦʦܣ˵ʵû뵽ҾȻܹ㣬ҲҸˣ
ⷬ˵ҶһͷˮѾŵ֪һкܶʣһеʱ䣬֪ʲôʳɣһһһΪ𣡡


1428 Ų
ҶȷһӵҪǵĻ󣬿һͷѩİ׷ȴȻһʦ֣˵㻹еʱ䣬ʲô˼
ѵ˵Ȼ˯֮ٴθԾδܴﵽĿģΣգ
θڰ޳Ľ֣ܵʲôˣ
֪ܲҶЩʲô̲סһЦˣ˵еʱ䣬ָڻ컹еʱ䣬֮Ҿͽ뿪죬ص죬п죡
ⷬҶķ˵ȻҪ뿪죬вȴеʧ
ԴӵõѪȻ֪Լôʦʦ㣬ҲַͨʽһЩⶼ޷ȣϾеľԼǰ
ҲѿԼĹϵҲֻʦֶʦܣиһЩ˵ĸ飬пܣУὫҶԼĺӡ
ҶĲᣬЦŵеԴʲô磬ֻӦĵطȴҲӲվһҪصӦôڵ硣
ôһ˵ҶǶˣϾѾڻ졣
Ǻǡı޷ˡ
ʦ֣ʲôʱߣ
ʦܣ֪еã󣬲ģһᾡܵİ㣬ֱҲò뿪졣
ЦЦˣ˵ҵˣʲôʰɣ
Ҷתת飬Ƭ̣֪
ʵĴ𰸣Ҷ²Ѿ˾ŲʮֻлһЩ۶ѡ
ǰԾʱΪ׷һλѵ䣬òͻȪ˳ͻСʮս
Ҷ̲סʦ֣ūǰ˵һһ˻Ȫ֮֡
ҵȷôΪȴôˣʦܣ㲻²¿˭
Ҷû뵽Ὣ׸Լ˴𰸣ʦ֣
ĵ˵ͷ˵
ͻȪʮս֮ĴӻȪһڵе֪ɱУҲӣҴõһЩ
ǸʱҲ֪Լ֮ĹϵȻ֮ǱҵЩ֣ⷢЩ֮оȻһʯԼģҲǽң
ҿѪ֮ƣѪһ޷򿪣֪˽֮еݺ˵ʵһӦǲţ
Ϊ֮УһĽҪ£ҲƣǸʱȷʵѾƿ޷ͻƣѨλʼպϣʵ޼ƿʩ֮£㰴еĽ𽥵İԼĸƻ
£Ҷ֪Ĳˣūѣαװȥ칭ע⣬ҴĹȵȣǰԤ㵽ˡ
˵ʵҶѾ֪ԼλʦܣǴ˿׿˵Ȼеš
ΪĻˣһʦֲûڻȪУϾŲߣ鶼ܱУѵ㲻Լο˽⣬ɱʦֵĲǻȪһͨڣʵڰ޳֮ˣʵڲɱʦ֡
ԣһ죬ҲҪúò£Ҳ²⣬ʦֿºһթ
Уʦܣڴ˵ؿɣպԪЩҲʦֽ֮нġ
ҶĬĬţֱ˵ֳ֮Ĭ˺ܾòʳһ⣺ʦ֣Ϊʲôǣҵ½֣
⻻ɱ˿϶ȴˣҲ˳Ĭ֮̾˿ҡҡͷ˵ʵҲ֪ʦܣûʦֵı£Ȼ޷֪һо˿ⰲţǴɺϡ
ҿԿ϶ĸ㣬ܷʲô£ܽҪԵĵжǿ󣬶úº壬ΪѪһţѪ֮ңʦ֣ʦʦ㣬ʦ˼ңվ󣡡
ҶǼ㲻飬ĵ˵ͷ
ˣȻվҶļڣȥǵĿ˰ɣ
ˣ
ҶɻĿֻ΢΢һЦ˳ȥ
ո뿪ضҶ͸оˣ֮ϣĺŲٷķһһˡ
Щ˾벢ٷ廹ңԶǵȴңңĴ˹
¥¥
ļҼĲ
乬Ľݷ




1429 Թ
ƽϢȥ׷𶯣ǲԼͬһǰݼ
ȻѾʱڣҸʤĸ߽ǿߣʱ򣬲ݼǾǺԼȥ
һվڲٷ嶥ū칭վ֮ϣȫμѹѹһƬ
Щ˶ǸļţȴҴվȴĻӦ
ʱһȺ˳˹ݼ
峤Ĵ֮£Ѿȫϵ˲ٷ塣
˻Ӧֻǳų˵˵ͷɣ
ǣ
̴ӿ£üǧ˾վڲٷϣͬһԲֻгҶ˵ͷ
Ƭ̹ȥȻ֣ʾҶȵҶվ̧֮ͷƽĿһһĴǰ˵ǰӹ֮󣬻ڵ˵ʦڻЩ𣿡
󣬵ȴ̺һϵϣȻڳô˴󲿷ֶϺɱҶǰȴҲû˸Ҵ𻰡
Ҷʦܣ
ͬ췽ҹ̷һ㣬׿˵ǻм٣
ҶΪУǺΪУ֮У˭ӣ
˳ĬȴЦλ˾нȻҶʦܣҲ˭ʦгģɽԹ˵ʦдȣȻҲ˭ҪʦܣҲݲ꣡
ܹ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ޵еʵҪԭȷĴԲܵ徴ԸΪ
ⷬٶ˶֪֪Ϊ˰ҶԹҲһӽ˴Ҫ˽Թ˵С
˿̣˶ʣԼҶ֮ĳ𣬵˭˭
֮󣬵ļҼĲȿڵˣҶԵ޹ʻɱļӡ
Ĳ򵥵ĽҶļҵĳԹ˵һ飬ͷҶʦܣĪͬļҼԣ
ʵļҺҶ֮ĳԹԭҶͻ飬ȴĶмͽͽּҶ֮Ĺϵ׷ɱû뵽ˣҶɱ
ټϷħ飬ԽԽ󣬲˽ľ档
ʼ飬ļҼ֪飬ֻһЩƬ֮ԣټļȷʵвҶ֣֮ſʼ׷ɱҶ
ѯʣҶһЦȥ˵˳
ļҼԽɫԽףȵҶ˵֮ȻתҲһĶˣ
Ķ̧ͷϺȻ֮ɫһҡͷ
ȻĶ׼ϣҶûκ֤ݿ˵ϾЩļСѾˡ
ȻҲڳձĶ뷿䣬֪һС
ѰˣļҼҲ¶ԥ֮ɫȻȴһЦȻִһʣͿʦܵɣ
Ҷʦܣһ飡
Ҷ֪ҪôԼּ꣬䣬üѾһ⣬ֱҶüġ
ţһ澹Ȼڿ֮г˳֮УȻǵҶ͵Ķ龰֡
ĶҶ̬ȣ˼ҶΪԼ׷ɱҶḶ́ȫ˵ǰ
һ£ʵȻԶ
Ĳɫǵͨ죬ݺݵĵһĶˣļңһȥмҷ
ļ߹ĶץסĶδֻ۾ĵҶҶСţһҪɱ㣬Ϊӱ𣡡
Ͻߣ
Ķ֮ĲＱæҶǰ֮ļдȣӴ֮󣬳ԹһʹպҶֵʲôҪļҰæĵطܿڡ
ãͷļҺʦ֮ĶԹΪֹ˭
˰û˸ҿڣΪҶĳ˾۹֪壬ң幫ңǵĽȫΪʥսĹʾӡ
£Ȼܰ˵仹ǵ档
һ壬Ǵˣûݼ
飬ȷû˵֮ŵͷҲ˵ʦ֮ܺĳԹѾ⣬ôպ֮дԣȻԤϱǿˣͱҲˣ


1430 Ѫħ
ò˵ȷǲû̫ƫ̻Ҷֱһд棬ڻǸЩҶгĸһĻᣬֻ֮ͬ䡣
ﻹ飬׷׵ͷʾͬ⡣
ȻתͷҶʦܣھڴ˵ؿɰɣ
Ȼ󣬵ȴͬһ㣬쳹֮䣬ֱһ
Ҷ֮⣬֪Ҷɵ飬š
µݺʱҲδɣ׷ٵףڷ˽ʱ򣬵ǿһţǶǳˣڻڣżǰסһʱ֮⣬Ƕ
ڣҶʦֵܣȻҪˣҾѡڲٷϣ
ҶҲе죬û뵽ȻôֱӣھҪɣȻ˾еʣתһ룬ġ
ڵĸѾ룬ǵ棬Ѫһţټ򣬵Ǹһ𺳣˵ˣҲǰҶ
ò˶þͻ뿪죬ڴ֮ǰҪܵİҶƽ·ǿִ£οҲѪһš
ȻˣҶȻԥֻ񲢵ٷϿյģδأ
ʱ˳ҶԺҼǵ㵱ԭĵعɣÿó
˳һѣҶȻҲˣΪȸףʮԼײƵ󷨣ڣһ޵һתֵ
۹ģǴľˣҼȻǳ֣֮ʺװȻҲȥѪһŵĸݵأʵ̫ʲ
뵽ҶãʦԵȡ
˵֮ҶҲ嵽֮У·ͬһ߸Ĳٷ壬뻹ˣһɽһ
˶֪ҶҪʲôȫźĿעҶӻʾ˳ÿ֮ڶȻһӰ
Ӱڿ˲ŴȻҲ˿øȻһȻڲϷŴȻһ죬˲ٷһɽ֮ϡ
жһ˿죬û뵽ҶȻЯһ˻ֺĹ
ȵ׹ڲٷϣ𣬺ϣٷ嶼ںȻʱͻȻ֣һ޴ޱȵѪɫĻڿг֣Źȥ
Ļ֮£̼㰲ٷҲֹͣͬһ㣬Ƕɽ塣
˸еȵǣȻֻɽСһ㣬˿ȥרŰɽһǳĺʣ
˻عҶֶ˳˵ͷЦеĽ˴˸ոµĹ֮ԡ
Ҷٴ֣һһɽ֮ϣ
ת֮䣬˲֪ĲٷϣͳֺĹ
Ȼ˵ڸ˵ҪĹʲô£˭Ҳ޷ҶٶᲢۣ
󣬼һĻʮ֮ࡣ
˵Ŀ֮УҶЦĳʦ֣͵īɣ
иԵңֱдšޡ͡ת֣֡ȻѪһŵҪ
Цŵ˵ͷûƴǣΨһ֮󣬱ָ̧һ裬ԭȵ־Ѿʧȡ֮ĸ֡
߹顰Ѫ֣ұ߹顰ħ֣ۡ
Ѫħۣ
ĸֺȻѪдɣɷ裬Ѫ䣬ɢһɰʵһ޷ֱ֡
ĸ֣˶̲ס˿˼֮⣬û֪ѪĴڣѪʮƺҲֻЩ֪ѪڵˣΪģǡħۡǶİΪڻʷϣֹܹλħֱۣԯ콾
ȻȻΪ֮һħۡòв²⣬ѵ˵λʮ֮ңħۣҶҲŹϵɣ
˵ˣҶ˿̿ĸ֣ﶼǼѣӯĸо
Ѫħۣ
ƺѪһϵҫκ˶޷ϡ
Ȼ֮ٴӿһѪ֮ƹɵĴ̼֮㲼ܣЩ֮һȻŹܵǽ
ȫ֮֮һѪ𣬳Ƭ֮ñͬЩ֮һʧ
˶֪ѾԼͨ˷ӡƣ


1431 
գҶվ˵죬ҺʦҶڴʽѪһţҵʦܣҶ
ûʲôƺƴҲûʲô貶ĿǣҪķ͵أ򵥵һ仰ѪպؽĴڣӽʽڻڿɣ
ɵˣʱվڿУڼΪεľ棬˵ӦøϽأר̰ݼģûдκκ񣬶̬ʮֹ°ȻҲںǵĵء
ʱѾλѪһŽʽɣ·࣬Ͳλˣ
仰ͬʥּһʱг˿æĶҶָǣϲˣҶСѣձؽŰݷã
һƬԵķУЩ뿪ⲢǶķ£Ըˡ
ǡǡ෴Ѫһŵĳ֣ĪѹѪһžñֺֹϵҲĿǰҪؿǵһ⣬ΪܻܿӰ쵽պķչ
ȵ˶֮źҶ䵽˲ٷϣ˼æǰӭһ鼤
ֱӽҶƵ˵ǰղѾ˵ˣҶѪԴڿʼ鶼ūһ¡
͹ūȥıӰٿǰѹѹһƬͷҶֻԴҪըˡ
ȻҶȺڵǱƵģҶҲǹ˸ʼն˦ƹ񣬸ûܹȺڵ顣
ͬˣӦø˦ƹ񣬽鶼Ҷ֮£Ҷֻܽ˳е˽ǰ㿴Űɣ
Ҷ˳ⷽԾͺо飬΢΢һЦȽ빬˽¹Ȼٿһֵ顣
˽빬ʱҶԼҲ͵͵ˣȷҪҪ²һ¡
ȻӣǺҽԼҲ̲УԽʱ䣬ͽ²ϡ
³ֵ󷨲ٽе󣬶Ϊ󣬰ڵµĵȫ֮֮С
һ֮У浽˼£޲ڣֻ֮°빦
Ҷʱ˳ͳҲûţæŰˣѪĿǰҪٵ⡣
֮æһеļΪѪĹ֮˸˳ǿҪġ
ˣҶ˳ģҲĿǰѪемˡ
Ҷ˳ʲôֱ˵ɡ
˳Ȼеη壬֮£Ŀǰ˵ΨһҺ̸ЦĿҲֻҶһˡ
˳ſڵǰѪѾһЩ뷨λһ¡
Цŵͷ˵
Ĺ˳ĵҲκңֻһ֧Ҫз֧ѪҲ⣬ҵ뷨ǽѪʱȷΪã
ֱááսááúѪã
õ֣ҶѾ׹˳ǽѪһŴеļλĶֵС
ԴţԴеţսԴڴʥսսʽԴʦãȻԴڲ׶ˡ
һѪã˵ԴҶˡ
ò˵˳ǵʮܵһѪھǽ뵽֮УħʮӼüһã
ͷݶΪãպУԼӣӦûʮãѡҺ𣿡
ĿǰֻúͲõѡˣǰǰ
һǳ峤һҩɣΪõȷʵѡ
ȻʱĺȻվǰӿԵ˴Ρ
Ҷһ֪˵ԭΪʱ޶ˡ
뵽Ҷͳǿʥݵĵǰ䣬ʥ׼ʦֵģʦòˣȥɣ
⣬򲻿ɣȻʥʱжǲȥӣƴǣϾʥΪأҲҶԼѡģҪ
ҶȴѾ˵ĲԼһ֮ˣ֮ǰҲԼΣȻʥ޼ۣǱĵʲô
Ѫո𲽣ʱ֮ʣΪʦֵĴˣûɲУ
ҲȰ˵֮Ĳŵҩһʱۿˡ
˳׼˵ʱȻ˳˵ˣ˺öˣ˵ҪѪ


1432 
ҶڲٷϿѪһŵ飬Ѿɸ֮ڴ˳ȥǶ̶̼֮ڣǧƵ˴˷ŲٷǵĿģȻϣѪ
ЩȻ֪Ѫһź۹ȸ֮۸ӵĹϵ֮ˣʵֻһԭΪڴˣ
֪꣬˶ĽѾã֣ǿɣȻ˵ҶΣΪʦ֣ȻҲɵһӣԣܹ£˺ܶ˵һԸ
ҶվڿУӸµĿŲٷ¾ۼȺҲǧ֮࣬ԶԿڳϡ
ҶЦŵÿң鶼ģ
Ȼ˵ѪȷҪѪҺҶҶҵʱҲ֪һЩɺҵķա
˶ȻǺ£Խ࣬ҪĿҲԽ󣬶߲ܣʱݬ룬ڹ˵һ˭ѪȥЩ£ʱҵĿ϶Ѫܻ
ҶȻ˳ǴЩҶܽǰжĶӣøҽף
˳˼ԣѪȻˣǵѪжܹɶˣܹжٵʣ
һ仰Ѫĵж٣
֮ǰĵЩܵһȫ˹ڻǵȳ֮ҲԼĲҵά֡
Ȼڣ˵࣬ٶһˣеһоҪԽˡ
ȻҶĿǰнİʯЩʯΪԼ׼ģ˵᲻óʦ뿪֮ǰҪԼΪˣпܶԿ
ʱ֪˵̸һЦеĵҵĹĹ֮ʵһЩʯ쵤ֻδūһˣȡҶӦܹ֧һʱ˰ɣ
ĲػǼֵ˵
ҶǿҩǴĹдġ
˳Ҳ˫۷Ź϶㹻ˣˣЩͽˣ
ˣ
ҶԵĵл˳ڣȻԼҪͷӬˡ
֮һµʱ䣬ٷ嶼ûжϹˣҪѪ֮⣬Ҳٴθء
ȻǲҪǵĵأǿɲĲĺȻҲǼֵƣǰѪ˲ٵѹ
˳صľϸѡܹٶˣǼѪѡĹʮָӣҪʶ˳ı¶ˣһһЩ˵Ĺδ
˵ЩҪôѾΪгɵмҪôǰ;ˡ
Ҷר־ļĵҩĽ˶ʮ⡣
ܹʥ쵤٣Ҳһͬ١
ЩҩҶȫģȫȨΪþǸ
ҶΣȻʮָмҲǾľ׼ڽԼΣ֮󣬾ֿʼ
Ҷе˵ǣ֮ǰ̫ལκͷħϹ飬ȻҲҪѪ
̫ͷħͲκɣȥľȥģϼѪһΪ˱ȻҲΪҶͶԵ
˵ļ룬ҶǾ˫ֻӭ̫ʱΪսħʱΪѪ
ֻʣúõ֮λȱҶǿ˳˳ȴ˵֮λò˶þͻ
ҶҲûʱ׷ʣֻȥʦλȴʵˡ
һµʱȥ˵Э֮£Ѫʽ档
Ѫոճȴû˸СȻΪ󣬸ҪǣѪʵҲʮǿ
ȥ֮⣬ҶĪ⣬˸֪ʵҶ֮£оʦ˳Ƕı˳ᢣó֮λȫذ˽۷ǿߡ
˵ӣǰ˵ĳ¼ٶˣʵг֮ߣҲк֮㡣
⣬Ѫȫչ˵塢̫ħӵеĲҵ˳ָ֮£ԲٷΪĵķԲ֮ڵļУµĲҵ
˳ҰĲһ֮ҪڻУѪһԼĲҵ
֮ڵѪȻոȴѾո¶ͷǣ¶âʱգؽΪһڸ
е鶼ʱһ䣬ҲٴҵҶѯȥĴ㡣
ʦ֣׼չһʱ䣬ʼպԪȻҪ뿪ٷ壬ȥҵһЩѣ


1433 Ľ
ǺͰǺǣȻ˵ǱԨ֮еӻֱȴûκϢҶʮֵǣҲӦѣҪȥԨһˡ
ûйҶҪ˭ͷã˵£ܷȥڴ֮ǰи顣
ʦ˵
Ҹղʹ˳ˣĿǰѪӵеʯ㹻һĿһʣ飬֪ӦҲİʯһǧʯܷ˾
ҲͬѪսĹȻ̵֪ļѣҶħĿųҶԼҪʵֻпֵʯ
ҶԲһȻԼҪôһ죬û뵽ƺԼҪżҪԼϽ˾
֮ҶͷӦ㹻ΪԷһȥתһת
ǧʯܶκ˵֣ҶȴԾɻ᲻һڳ˾ʱãʱпǰ
ãҵĽǣ˾֮պԪ
Ҷ֪ʦֿ϶ΪԼãŻĽ飬˵ʵԼҲûеףΪǿԺԪû˿ĵֿ֮ҪЩԪڣ浣ĻὫѹ⽴
ʱ⴫˳ˣɺСݻˡ
еɻĿҶҶȴ˷ܵվߣʦ֣Ҵһˣ
Ҷͳ屣ʱ򣬽Си˳屣ΪԷһʱҲǽһݼӢǺͳڵһ˵͵˼ΪƫԶĵشֱϤ˻
ҶҪȻСˣ
СݵΪأʱ䶼޷κӡǣ˱ҶǻԳԽھ֮һ߼硪ɽ磡
ʶ㣬Ҳܹʲô
СݣҶʱѣȻδۼսʹӳ˵Ŀķɡ
Ѫ˶ݼ
СҲģѧŶӣŵСİȥСݰݼ
Сݣһ⣬ȻѾСݵ쳣ûмѯʣȽ
ħѪ峤ѪһѪ֮䶼и᲻ϵϵѪ֮˷
ǣüͷ΢壬ͬ˶һΪȻϡ
ЦһԼľ򵥵˵һ飬֮ͷʦܣȥģûа취ҪҰæĵطܿڡ
ܵõһ仰ԼҲֵˡ
Ƭ֮ģ̫ħ˳ȫˣǲΪ˶ΪСݶ
ҶΪ˲̼СݣʶķʽСݵ˵˳Ȼ˿ܷСݵϿһЩߡ
ϧڣ޷С쳣ԭ򣬲ǸҶ˵һ仰ҪסСݣպ뵽˸죬ҲҪ취ߣ
Ҷ޷仰˼ȻؽȻ⣡
ú˶С֮Ҷ˳ͬ£ٴ˻ǣһǣ̱˸Χ
ҶĴ˭˲֪˭˲ʦܣѪ֪Ҫϵ
Щһ϶ЦݵˣҶǸпǧ
Դ֮Լһֱڵ޾ɱ¾֮жȹǿ̹ȻԸ
ڸ룬ҶһһܣΪרΪ˶ĶǵżϽ˾˸õԤУǾǿʦֲúҪ뿪ˣԣֶ룬˷һʱ䡣
˵ҲɣҶո׼ѡһҶķʱ򣬺ȻһȺ˺ƺƵĴԶ
ȻûпҶҶȴѾһȺˣȻǲǰŸոոԼĹŷҵŷˣ
ϴŷĴƷҵĸ߼ƷʦϵһԸҶȻҰܣͷɱҩģǼļݺݵĽѵһ٣ǻ뿪ûиּĴս
񿴵ٴγ֣ŷͬһ͹һһλӶܼӬߣҶﲻһЦӣûжԼİ
Ҷ˳ʹ˸ɫ˶עŷȺ˵ʱͬȰʧٳʱѾ˵λ˵ӣҡڵĴ˵ǰ
һ̣ŷΧ̾ϳˡ
ˣ
˾Ȼֳˣ
ŷָҶȻǰǸҧгݵĵ̫үү


1434 Ŀ
ŷŷҳ֮ˣȻƺλΪ̫үү֪Էͺͱ֮ˡ
ȻŷȻʲҶλŷȫ̫үүǷľ֮λŷɽҪ߳һŷΥĵļ
ֻҶе֣ĴƷȻƷȷŷҲûоƷƷʦǰ˵λŷȫȻ󣬵ۼƷ¶ȲϴεĽۣʲôأ
ŷȫͻȻ̧ͷֱֱĿҶһ˫ǵ˫֮һһɵ
ͬʱΧ˶̲סʼ˽ȻʧôͻȻ֣Ҹճ־ǰŷˣӦûһĳˡ
ֻǣǺҶͬɻĴֶҶĶ֣ôλۿҪŷѵӮùҶ
ȻҶŷԼĿ⣬Īĸоһɾ޴ѹѹڶԷƣֻڶԷ۾
ڣҶ۾ȻԼ֣âڿнһ̫ͼǰƶ
ˣ
ŷ˫֮УȻǳɫâȻҲγһͼ̫ͼһ۳ɵ磬ͬʱǰƽ
Ҷ̫ͼкܶ˼ŷȫȻҲĿͶͼǳ˵ϣԼеˣΪʲôŷὫˣ
˶ĿͶһʵͼһ𽥿龰ίʵ˴һš
ͻȻžһ촫ͼƶҶŷȫУ˴˾ȻײһȻը˿
ۣ
ѶЩϼһ֮Уɫ䣬Ȼ
ۣʲôۣǰܲ˵ϸ㣿
ϣֻһ۾кܶ۾編ֻۣ۵ȵȣҲһ֣ܹ֮һУͬϣΪ֮ۡ
˶ʱȻԭ۾ôķ
ҶҲʮѹֶԷĿԼôѹۻм
ʱŷȫͻȻһߵ۹Ȼ鴫Сӣ㶼Ŀʾˣѵǲɣ
һ仰˵еĿ⣬ȫеҶϣҶԼҲһû뵽ŷȫ۾ȻܹԼĿ
ڴս֮ǰŷȫƣҶеη壬νˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲ֮ԲĿ֣ǣң
Цϴ㲻ҩɸӮǶѣŷ̲סվָҶıӵҿһʲô£Բ¶Ŀ
˶٣ŷ¶һ˿յЦݵòĸͨ˰ɣ
ŷĻȻһЩߵĺģ׷׸
˹ȻذԭһֱĿ¶ǿɣ
ǰǵĸԲ¶ɣ
İɣͳļƷκδҲôģ
˵ۣҶЦҡҡͷŷ㻹˵ˣһǵ˲ٵˣһǾ仰ǣһ¶ĿˣҸҶԶˡ
ŷĵģӣҲҺģ
˵ģ
Ҷ΢΢һЦһĨ˲Ѿָò
òŷһȺüͷ΢壬ãȻΪûиϴս֮֮ǰȻ˵ҶĴǲ֪ĳ࣬Կûʲôĸо
ȻΧЩΧ۵ˣа֧ʱ֮ͻȻըˣ
ҶҶ
ʲôҶҶ
ʲôǴʥսʦܣȻļƷʦңͼƷʦҲйϵ
òǼٵİɣҶòҪҶ߰ɣ
ŷȫ׵׷ʲô飬ʱȺе˳ѾߵҶߣ⹪һ
˳ҲİѪһŵĴˣҶ˹ôҶȻӹˡ
ŷæ߿ֵˣ⾿ô£ָĿҶǺҲȻûһ˴
͵ŷ֮䣬ȻԸѡˡ
ǣŷһȺ֮⣬Ѿ׷׿ʼӿҶǰÿ˶Цݣ鹧


1435 ǿл
к˸ŷйҶڵݣʦݵʱŷ˵ɫʱѿ˼㡣
һƬ֮һԲȫͷ뿪˳ǵĵλôôˣղǲ˵Ӷ𣿡
ӣŷҲĲ£ʦܣٽӣҲԲǡ
ŷǽѲµŷȫΪļƷۡ
ۺ֮ͬƷֻҪ͸ƻߵƣܿ͵ıʡ
ˣŷԿԱŷȫ͵ҶĿĻֱӺҶԶģҲܹԸ
ֻϧֻлߵķݣ
ǵıӰҶźҡҡͷʵû˶ԶģΪ֪Լڵݣû˸ҺԼģԿŷǣҶлܼ˵ģ׼ٺݺݵһΡ
ȻĲɣҶֻգ˵Ĵӵ֮½˶ķ
ķ˵֪Ҷ˵ʱһҼҶŴˣϻòЦ̬
ΪβǺ˶ԶģҶΪԼﱸʯҪˣתҶķδ֣ȻЩķ˰˿ȴҲʼո׼̵ôЩϼһʧ
գҶѡŵҩһĽҲΪ⣬ֱӽŴΪֵõʯ
һǧʯҶӦ㹻Լ˾Ժܸɴ֣׼תѪ
뿪ǣȴһȺȺˣ
۹ҷȻܣؼȺ乬Ľݲ幫ҵĹĽǮ˽һλսżƵˡ
ȻЩ˶ǵõҶڻǵϢģǺҶ֮䶼Żٵĳޡ
ȻҶӻҲ˵ˣһд棬͸Щһǿɡ
ڵҶȣܹܣǶ󲻵ĺôЩ˾ȻͬʱȻҶĿҲǳ˲ơ
ȻǾǿߣȴһΪǿĴڣ֮УպܿǸļţôһȺˣκ˵һɵ飬ҶҲ⣡
ҶǷϣΪںѪںϵĹгͷܹԼʱӵоǿߵʵǿߣһһ£˵Щˣ
ȻҶȴһҵϢϴεںϣѾԪĽ룬ѪܵһΣʲôΣҶû˵ֻǸҶڱ˵ںˣѪһ˿
Ҳ˵ҶֻҪԼʵԽֵܻڶˣ
˵ʵҶʮֻѪⷬʵԣΪѪʵϵģԼһ¶ûУѪܹʲô£
ˣ²ӦѪϣԼԲŻô˵ͬͬҶдһǶϣҶҪԼʵһĳɳǵĹ⻷֮¡
ҶѹΪʵ²ǻЩǿǵĶ֣ϴδʥʾ֮У˶ҪܵʥӡӰ죬޷жֻԲӰ죬ԲЩһ١
ҪǶֻеȵԼ˾֮У
ЩжԵ֮ͬ⣬ȻҲкҶõͬˣ˵ҶȻڶķܹǧ˪ͬѾҶ衣
ȥȻң
ǧ˪ָ֮Ҷıӣĵ
Ȼ˶֪ǧ˪Ҷ֮Ĺϵͬһ㣬ίʵû뵽ǧ˪Ȼ˵̬ȺҶ˵
ҶȴǵЦˣʮֿĵЦǧ˪ԴԼ̬û䣬οѡ
ģ̫ˣ߲ҶűΪԼСıš
Ҫߣ˭㣬ߣ
Χ۵ʵ̫࣬Ϊ˱ٸЩĿռ䣬Ҷ˵˵ǧ˪һȥԼˡ
κ˵룬ҶоܾɣΨ룬޷ܾΪǷ費ٵ顣
Ҳ׼ٵˣԲŻ˳ǧ˪һҲʡл
һٴ죬֮ҶǣﾹȻѾ˿ˣҶҲİͺ޵ݷ
˾ǡգ


1436 յ
ҶӡУպѾʧ˺ܳһʱ䣬ϴεĺĺ;սûпӰӣû뵽ھȻ
պȻҲǧ˪е㾪ȣΨһɫ糣ľ˳ˣȻǵһμգʹҶĿ˵λ
ЦŶҶҶһ벻أ
˵Цˣǧʲô
͵Ҷ˵ˣ벻Ҷ϶У
Ҷݺݵĵһۣʵûʲô顣
˺˼֮ҶĿ⿴˳λ̨ӦþҶżȵλ˰ɣ
˳ͷ˳˵öл֪ͨ
˹ӿˣʵЩϢɲҴģҪлĻӦллλ
ָһڵա
仰Ҷһ𣬱ΪеϢԼģԭû뵽Ȼգ
ȻҶҲйյִۣӲգܹϢ
ѹ趼֪ڽ״̬µϢĲ򵥰
ֻû뵽պ֮侹Ȼϵǳ
ҿҪúллλѡ
˳˵ͬʱѾһվ׼ա
˵˵մֵĶƱһ
Ҷ˭ϢҶǸмֻǲ֪ǰǲʲôϢҪң
һЦҶػ˵ˣҶӺ֮еìܣԶ뵱һºϣ˳Ҳһ󡣡
Ҷɨһ۾ջĿԲӣҺ֮ϵǢĺܵģϴδʥʾ֮УֶҸչмӣì֮˵
ϴտֱ˵ĽҶȥˣҲҶ󣬲ȻĻڿ¶һˡ
ҶӼȻ˵ˣҲҶȦˣЦһҪѪҰæҶ˵顣
ҶȻһ㶣Ҳû뵽ԼȻΪƼռѪ
ʱҲվϹͬʽЦݶҶҶ֣ԣҶǰأȻȷе֮ܵ˵֮ദĻģԻҶܹͬ⣬ҽѪɣ
˵ʵҶҪѪ뷨΢һЦŵ֣ǲֵ˭ˣ˵㿴Ѫ֮еʲôƾ֮Ľ飬ֱ˵˵
յʵǼã۹͸嶼˹ҶƶϳҪѪʵĿģҪôǵ˲ǵˣѪ֮ҪôǿѪĳЩ
Ϊٷе󣬹˼ûпܴȥǿʲôֻмѪп̤ϲٷ塣
ҶĻյ¶˿ЦҶ֣֪ҿ϶ҵҲ̫ãΣǳĳҪѪģ
ĵ˵ͷҶȴûп裬Ȼյԭ򣡡
Ҷ֣㲻ˣ֮ѪȫΪˣ㲻֪СʱżҶ˼ҲĽѾãСպһҪ£Ϊûлᣬû뵽Ȼֻ죬һɣȻ
ס
ҶʵȥˣĴյĻգ浱СƭңôҲ΢׵ɰɣ
˵֮ҶѾվܵҵЩϢǴӺδ֪ݶҲģһе£Ͳˣǣˣ
Ҷת׼뿪ʱȴٴοڵҶ֣Ϊ˱ʾҵĳ⣬ǰʱ뿪ðΣһϢѵͲ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣˵ʵȻƷôϢȴǼΪɿҵȷʧ˺ܳʱ䣬սͺĶˡ
ϢܾѪ¾ˣ
Ȼ˳ȴЦſڵɣ
˳仰ҶҲֻͣ½Ųתյ˵ɣ
Ҷ֣֪⹫䣡
Ҷ۾ȻһյǰҪˣ˵ʲô
Ҷ֣𼤶պһ˺Ҷ֮ľЦеĵôȥ⹫ҲѪ嶫Ե䣬һüĿ


1437 С
⹫ģ
ҶֱĶգ˫֮תƺ޲ֱӽտ͸
˳ҲټҶ¶飬ȻҲʹڵҶԲǡ
ҲˣϵƤЦ֣صĵ⹫۹
ȻˣҲҶ֮Уڻˣ˵պҲСĻ϶˵ˣӦҶˡ
ȻûôĿܾǱ۹ˣӶҲѿѪ֮ڻ죬ھ죬ѡ
۹ʲôطҶ׷ʡ
ҳ֣֮Ӧʹ
ҶתߣеҶͳϢܲҼѪ
ڵҶû˼ȥǿ˳һۣ΢΢һЦյͷѪɣ
ٺ٣ģ֮ڱص
Ȼ˳ͬռѪҶȻκҲ֪˳ôȻĿġ
ڻѪ·ϣ˳˵ʵΪѪڸոմҪľϢͨ˲ţ˵Ϊʲôƾֱ˳Ϊյļ룬ѪķչΪ
Ҷյĵģ˳г񣬱֤Ὣá
صѪ֮İ£ҶʼչأҪʯѾ㹻Ҫ״̬ѣȻгء
Ҷû뵽ǣ˳һ֮󣬾ȻҶҪصϢɢ˳ȥһӭʱǰ
ҶȻеɻ󣬵ȴҲûйڵģԼûκβ۵˸ҳûԼ鷳
ϢˣͬǸеԣʵ벻ͨҶ磬ΪʲôҪ˴ģŪȫ˶֪
ȻҲ˺ҶгЩһĻᡣ
ݼ˷ˣ֦˷ܵĹƶҲˣ磬ȥʲô
˼̨Ȼ˼ɣйǾȥ£ҲţֲǸӣǸӣ
ʱǶ֪Ҷڲͬʷһڻڣӷ˾˾ˣ
ȻʱоǿͨҶʱ˴̳ı۹ǿҶȻǷ֮壬ǺܿϧЩѾȫǶûüϢȥ
֮ڸָĲ²УѪУϵµˣԴ¶ǱּĬûһ˿ڡ
Ϊܹøǰ⽫صѡĹĹ֮ҲǸɽȡ
ռƻҶӦ֮˵磬ϣ˴ϢȻҶĺ˳ˣѾǰɽȡ
ǵĺķ׷ӿѵ˵ıˣҶ֮磬ǰȴǸ˽죿
˵бضԭ򰡣
ǣһȺȺٴɽӿȥмжҶ֮ǵˣҲҶڻύѣÿ˶֪⵽ôһ¡
ʱɽܣѾѹѹվˣɽȵ룬˹Ȼվһ߲ϵָΧһ˽ƺʲô顣
Ȼ˲δʶķʽ̸ȴû˭еӸȥ͵ʲô˲³ƺ׼
һѣֲҪӻ죬ٽ٣ҪҲ̫˰ɣ
ǰ죬ҲûʲôΣգʲô
ҲеСˣ˴ģ治֪ôġ
ʼʱֻСۣ۵ԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽ죬ЩȻȫҶǵĶС
ڣͣеĶ̧ͷϵĿ⻷ΧһȦе˶ʱԹԵıͣҺĿӡ
ʱ˳Ȼ˸ȦҾλǲ˵㣿Ҽǵǵ˵Ӻ֮󰡣
˵˲Ⱥ˴ŵӴǵõϢ˵ˣΪǽӸĳɽˣ
Ŷ˳ЦݵĵҲȹĵΣܷø󷨣Ӷ֤İȫλڻذɣ˷ʱ䣬Ǿ仰֮󣬱˾ʱпյĻɹ񣡡
ðɣպ
Ȼ˳ѾˣЩȻټڴ˵أ˵ʵҲûʲôȤ
׼ת뿪ʱͻȻһ͵ػͷ˫Ŀ֮бһŽ⣬Ķ˳Ѹղ˵ʲôҪ죬ˣ


1438 ֮
ġ˾ֽ˵ĽŲȫ˻ʱǲע⵽ȷղ˳˵ǣҶҪ˾
˳ϵЦŨһͷڻ鳾֮󣬽˾
ȫǧΧǴ˿ȴûһÿ˶·˵ȫŲͬ״һ
˿ǵֻ֮һ仰Ҷڻ鳾
鳾Ƿ˽ʿľ磬Ҳ˵ҶڻǸˣ
ôܣ
Ȼܵɫ࣬Ҳ޷ʵ
ºЩ˵Ҳǳ˾ȣ裬Ȼ֮ǰҶΪʱαװǾû뵽ҶȻǸˡ
ð֮˲ŻعĿȫٴμҶϣһ϶Ǵŵɫ
ǰ˵߸ЦŵһڿЦɣҶȻǷ˵Ļôڻ棬Ĵ֮ѹͲܳܵ˵ġ
˳ʼ˵ĶʵǷˣҵĻ˵ĻӦŰɣ
˳Ļ£Ȼϵĵ˵ͷ
£ɲ˲ˣԲᵱȫ˵ѵģ
һһļž֮Ⱥٴըˣ
ҵүҲ̫ˣҶҶȻԾǸˣ
ֹˣʷǰ飬ΪһˣȻɱļҺ۹ˣǺ;ֶԿڲ֮أôģ
ѹʦܣһţӸĴڣ
ΪʲôҪҹΪʲôҪڽǰﲼˡ
Ȼڴδй˽˵֣֪˽ˣ϶ӭ٣ڻҲ⣬ֵ٣˽Ҫӿ£Ҫǰãܵļٵ
Ҫʼˣλ뿪ɣ
˳ٴεҲɨһȦˣ֪Ḷ́˵ȷûʸ񿴵ģǶиҪҪȥҲͣƬ֮䣬˸ɾ
ȵ˶뿪֮ҶſЦſʦ֣бҪŪ½֪𣿡
У
˵ͷʦܣס֮ϣʲô¶Ҫܣĳ˾
Ҷһæ׷ʵʦ֣ʲô𣿡
ûлشԱߵ˳˲²⣬ڽǷ˵Ϣɢȥ֮󣬿϶вٶе׼ץסԸ㣬뿴㻹ǷˣѾôҪ˾ǻ˵𣿡
ʱǿ϶᲻ϧһд۽ɱҡ֮У˾Ҫ˽ȫһ𣡡
ҶˣӣҪ뿪ˣ뿪֮ǰҪܵΪԼƽ·ЩԿвԼˡ
Ͼڵʱ򣬾û˸ҶԼģһ뿪죬ǿɾûκμɻˣʱг𱨳ԹԹ˵ԼѪ¶뵽Σ֮С
ʦڳѵ˸Ҷҳ֣
ɫƽĵǸҲҳֻ֣ҪǵҶ¶һ˿ɱģҶŹ

ҶȻǷ˵Ϣܿ;ɽǰɽ֮ڴ˳ȥϢ𶯣ֱˣ
ڻڣһ˶Կ۹ȴôʥսĹʾӣһǿǵĶ⣬ڼƷĴƷѪ޹飬һɣڲٷ嶥
һģȻһˣ
ʱ֮ڣڷӿǻǵܣָĿռ֮żϵڿ߳ˣҲȺ֮ٴɳ߷糾͵ĸ
ȻҶĳأѾ˵Ŀ⣬ÿ˶ʶһ£ʷһλڻڵķˣܷ˳˾
һ飬Ҷ֪ڵѪڵλϣɫƽĵȴš
ɽ֮УѪһŸ־ǸոǰѾʽΪѪһԱնûš
ÿ˶֪Ҷ֮գܿܽᱬڶεľսҶܷ˳أѪ˵Ҳȫͬ壡
ˣǶǸչܣΪҶĳԼһ
ȫ˵Ĺע֮£ʱһζţϣҹĻո£ھһһ˿ʼ̶ǰɽȡ
ɽ֮Уһ˿¹յҶϵʱ˫ۣ


1439 
ҶۣͿվԼǰ
ʦ֣
ڸоô
ܺã
ã˵ʵûв󣡡
ҶɫΪƽ΢΢һЦ֪
ӵй۵Ҷ˵ûƣԱκ˶Ҫ
ΪãΪĻٻὫ󷨺ʵһ壬ʱҹųȥΪΪǲ󷨡
ҶͷΪ˶ˣΪ˼ɵ󷨵ĴڶҳûԼ֡
һһ֮Ϊ㻤Ǿ仰ɽ֮ʱʲôùܣʲôҪ룬ȫӦ٣
ã
עҶϺȻ¶һ˿ЦݣҶļȻٿȻʧ
Ҷһӵվʱ˳Ҳ֣֮ǵĿ׼𣿡
Σ
ҶĻ˳΢΢һܿͿЦŵ㲻Ǻйص飬ԣ
ҿɲΪҵѾ˴
ԣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵ͷ׼ˣ
ٺ

ۿȥɽܺѹѹȫˣƺȫۼ
ǧ˪վɽһɽϣ˫ĶɽȻҶȻ֪Լڵ嶼΢΢˫ָǽճȭ֮ȫǺˮ
ʦһۣҡҡͷ˪ɵ㡣
Ϊʦʵ̫˽ԼͽˣҲ˴Ҷ飬ҶδȢޣô϶ϵǰѪˣǣϧҶѾ飬ҶԴ겻ԣֻǧ˪ͷ
Թ顱֮һأܹ͸ûмˣǧ˪֮ŮҲ޷Ȼ⡣
ʦĻǧ˪һ̧ͷԼʦʦɹ𣿡
ΪѾ죬ټԻӦûɹģһʧܵģϾڻ˽٣ٵͷһ⣬ҶɽʵԽߣٵԽ󡣡
Ȼʦʱܰο䣬ѡʵǧ˪и׼
ǧ˪ûʲô˫ȻۼҶϣԸ뿪
ɽϣļҵԼĸ緢ѯʣ磬ܶɽٳɹ𣿡
ޱ飬ԼõĿ֮ȴǶһ˿ĵϣܳɹϣΪ֮жǿ󡣡
ȻļҺҶ֮ĳԹѾԻ⣬Ϊļҵϣ»δҶĽ֣ԣҲϣһᡣ
ҧԼ촽ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ɽϣһȺŮ֮Уɴ棬ֻ¶һ˫ˮתӣȻ飬ȴܴУᵽһ˿ڴ͵ġ
ɽ·ܣվŵĻҫ̫ལΣվŵޱҩģվŵǳ峤棬վſķħ
ǿߣĿͬӥһϵԼѲӣȻ󣬵ҲҪסԼڵķ򣬷ֹΪȱڣŵҶĳء
ò˵Ҷγص̵ȷǴˣʱûΪСΪƣϾҶصĳɹ񣬹ϵشӰ쵽ֲ
ڣ˵Ŀ֮УҶĴӹĹ֮һ˳վ˴֮ϡ
ҶԾһѪ۵ĺɫɫĳ޷裬峺˫ƽ֮ȻûаƷȥΪ˼ֿ֮
Ƿ𣿡
ôôˣ
治֪γܴ֮ѹģѵǴ⿿˵ۼֵ˵ȷ˵ǿ˫
Ҷ˲࣬ǸϤǸøķŷɥˣ˿ۼҶĿʵ޷һˣȻԾֻһλûжɹٵķˣ
˵ɽٳɹ˾󣬻һ󣿡
⻹룬ĻѾһƬ˭ҶɽٳɹΪˣһǿǵ󾢵УƣкܶҪֶεɱ
ҿõȵɽ֮󣬽ͻ̲סҪˣ
˭ң˭ҳ֣
˵˵
ҶĿ⻺ĴЩԹߵƹЩ֮У˱Լŵǧ˪ͬɰ㳬׵£ѵ֣ص飬˶ԼŭĿӵķȻ
һȦ֮Ҷ΢΢һЦȻһ֣䡱һ죬ʱһҫ۵˺ڰҹգ


1440 ʼ
ɢʯ
ǧʯѷڵϣȻѾĹĹ֮˻߸ð⣬γһСɽ
ҶʯѾһǧ飬ʱ¥ļңţ죬ħ˶һʯҶأʯӦôﵽһǧ飡
˵ʵǸеЩϲǣһ֮ҲδڶʯȻڣЩʯĶѻâҫ˶ס͵͵ſˮ
˵۾ѾԲˣǧ˪ҲˣǶ޷ţҶؾȻҪôʯ
ףΪʲôҶǰҪڻǴģԭΪ˽׼
ĵʲôôҪôʯҪǽʯеȫˣóű˰
֪Ҳ֣Щʯ㹻һʮˡ
ӣĹһǳأȻĻҲҪôʯھͬһ޵׶Ҫɣ
ôȻЩʶģȻ˵ĲȫԣҲ˵ˣҶҪĵط̫ˣͨһѨλ൱һ޵׶ˣ˵꣬Ѫȵȼһˡ
˵ĿɿڴУҶƽߵʯϿգ׼ʼأ
ৣ
ķ֮е⻮һʢѪӳҹգҲʱ˵Ŀ⡣
ǿߣҶĳأֱĸˣȻоǿ߳ˣ
֮࣬ҲԶԶ죬ӣЩ˶ʮֹעҶ
ļҼ̫ϳϣǱ߳ǷħλħĽ޺
ľǿߴʮλЩ¶Ŀ⣬󲿷ֶͬϴһƣĿʾˡ
ħɨһȦЩ˺̫˵ӣЩ˻Ҫ͵ϮҶ
ߣ̫ĵǵſЩ˻ְɣ
䣡
һըͻȻ˵Ŀ⣬ֻҶʯɽ͵شڳɻ棬һһʯڻȸµ֮£̿ʼڻ
ʯڻ̺ȻҲ֮ͷŶһɹһһ㣬ҶΪģϵ衣
ɫֱ߲񷣡
ҶԼ𽥵ôʯĻҲҪʮ֮á
ˣ̸һǿԽЩʯȼûǣۻĻͻɢֻҪҶܹЩƮߣôܿٽա
Ҳչڶʯ磬Լĥ
˳Ȼڵ¹Ĺ֮УԼ˫ʯҶա
̫磬ڿж۳ʵ壬ҶҲٿԼ塣
ҶѪͬȣ۳һѪɫ𣬶Щܵʼȿֺӿȥ
һĻԹ۵ͬ𾪲ѣѪ˵ʵϢϢأһ֮徹ȻܹӵʢѪɼʵ֮ǿ
ȻܵǿϱɫһЩǿҲ¶֮ɫ
Ҷ˾һпѷ֣˵ԼЩˣѹơ
һ̣ɽĸλǿȫɫȻΪͬʱܵһɹǿҵɱ⣬һ𣬴ı߰˷˹
ȻвڼʶҶʵ֮󣬶ɱ⣡
䣡
ʵ̫࣬Ծڼת֮䶼ͬɽХĺֱ֮˶һ졣
ȻҶѾڽƺգȻ˳Щÿһͬһһ㣬ֱӴС
ԶԶȥ죬أ
˿Ҷɫƽ֮£ȵѪҲͬһһһĲ͸ƺƴͬʱҲһɹɾڣ
ü֮ѿɫѾ֣Ҷͬ״̬ĿƣͬҲ޾
Ҷ֮ǣһԶͷϿգվҲӿ֮Уȴͬһ˿˿ӿҶ塣
壬ڳ󲿷˶ʶȻȴǶȻסԼֳ˫֡
ֹļҵ˶ͻȻ˫ĿԲɣĶǸ塣
֮飡


1441 һ
ļϳҶͷ֮ϵǸ֮飬ţڳвϳ
ÿ˵鶼ٴα仯ΪЩ֪֮˵ͬһ޼֮
򶨵¶̲סǲ֪֮飿
ȴûлش²ĵļ׷ʵѹۻͻȻɣȻ֮ҺӦģû֮鴦ʲô׶Σ
ŰԼĸһ۵϶ǵһ׶ˣȻĻҶͲֻ۴ˣпֱ֮ۡ
Ӧǵڶ׶ΣҶȫأϾģ֮Լܳ˵Ѿǣ
ǵڼ׶Σ磬ǿ˵ˣҶĶζ׼ȥ
µһ۵Ϊˣǲ˲ڳгʮϳ֮飬ĴڣǾԲģ¼Ƕпܻ֣
û˵ɫҲǱΪ֪Լĸ˵ģؼɣҼпͨǣֱݱıֻҪʶģû˻÷Ź
ʱڰ΢΢üΪ֪ҶϾȻ֮飬Ҵ˿̻
һԭͶҶɱˣ¸Ҫ¶ĳˣ
ʱͻȻһֽܵȺ𣺡쿴֮ĺǺԪ
ϳֻ֮ˣΪ˱֪ȻԼ𾪣ȴûзȻĺͬһʯƽĺ棬ľˡ
þĲ֮飬ǺԪ
֮飬֣Ҳûж֪;ǺԪȴÿһ˶֪Ķ
ΪÿһΪƳʥ֮Уһ˿Ԫ
仰˵ֻкԪ֣пƳʥ
ʥ˭Ҫ·죬ҲǼΪϡ٣ҪԭںԪͬΪһ˿Ѱ١
Ȼڣ֮ģԴԴӿҶڵĺԪɲһ˿һɽһɣ޾һ
ԪεĴ̼ÿһ˵񾭣û˲ĶģǼҪ뵽һֱߵ״̬֮ˡ
ܹƳʥĺԪֻܵõһ˿ҲĪĻԵ
ԭֻ֪ҶһЩ֮˭Ҳû뵽ϾȻ֮ͺԪĶһ޶䡣
ʱ˿̣Ƕ֪һλ޵ڻΪҶǶ᲻һеĳˡ
ⲻ֪ڵҲͬͷۣȻ֪Ҷɹշ˺Ԫ⽨Ҷ˾֮ȥգȻû뵽֮Զ֣ԪȻıͷųӿҶڡ
֮飬ټϺԪԴ̼ЩԭҪɱҶˣˣ
Ȼ֮ͻȻƴһȻ֣۳һֻɫľƣ͸ŻصĿֲϢҶͷϵ֮һץ˹ȥ
ߣ
̫ƴ˿һԭͽӲӵȻͷų⣬⻯һɫֱֻơ
ۣ
ɫƱɫ̴ʱɢ˿һƬɫȻܵأɽ֮еҶӿȥ
˶ʶ
ҩޱ˵仰ͬʱͷ֮ϸֳһƾɵҩ¨ҩ¨֮гɫ㣬ͬөһӿ뵽Ƭ֮С
Щĸ֣ĵ˿ֱȫʧЩȴǴɫ˺ɫͬʱϨ
˷ӦЩɫ֮ко綾
г֮ˣ˼ܺݶԶ۳ʵ幥׼˾̫˾Իأⱻɢٴλж
ֻϧҩڴˣ׼ͽж
Ȼ֮˵ĹδЧȴ˶̲ס˿֪ػҶȻ˸ð͵Ϯ֪֮ͺԪټҶܳɳˣʵǸܶ˴ȥ˾޴ѹ
ոɢͻȻһߵĿ֮޲·𱻹ĵ¡
ڰ֮УһɫıȽȽ𣬶֮ȻǴɢ
轣
ϳȻʥʥҲһܹ֮Ӱ˵ǣֻǲ֪˳С
ӣеĵѪˣȻϧֻΪҶ
壡
һ𣬳߶壡


1442 ˶
Ȼֻҡһ壬ûķʥ֮Կġ
𣬶ʱͽ轣ı֮ѹȥ轣ҲѸٵĵɳȥգۼͻʣʧڤڤ֮С
Ȼг֮һ֣Էװʧһ
Ȼɲ׼Ź
ˣ
һɫӰӴӳͷ֣΢΢֮ţһڹ⣬βڱ轣ĺ󷽣ֱ׷ȥ
ꪣ
˾ɫӰӾȻ۹շʥꪣȻûбʥǳȻݡ
ꪲΪʥٶ֮죬ֱ࣬˲Ϣ֮Ѿ׷˱轣ǣڹͬһһ㣬ݺݵ˱轣
أ
轣ķһܺꪵһ֮죬ֱڿбҵķ飡
һʧˣ
һɹ֮ٴδӿзɻأֻٶԱȥʱҪ࣬Ȼ֧һ޴ͣɢǿѹͬһλڿѲһ㡣
ȻǳڹԺгֵһ棡
ò˵ʥڿлƶȷܶһεѹصͷ֮󣬲δջڣȻС
ּ͵ϮȴҶı߶ûͱػҶλǿ߷֮Уûг֡
Χ˶֪ⲢŶҶĶɱѾֹǡǡ෴ֻǿʼ̽
ٹã϶ԽԽĹչЩǼΪ޴пܻᱻס
ЩҲûдŵҶȻ˫ĿգɫƽĶʯɽ֮ϡ
£кֻȼգܣŨԾԴԴϵӿڣ֮ĺԪҲûһ˿һ˷ѡ
ڱ޷ڣҶһĸѨλһڵĺԪ뵽Լǿ֮С
ʵֺ֮ͺԪ룬Ҷ˵Ҳͬһ⣬ڸտʼʱһæҵĸо
Ԫڣûдɽĸоʱһ˶󵨵ľǽڴԼ˳˫棬Ԫ
֪Ҷ뷨Զ᲻ϧһд۵ȥֹΪʵ̫Σˣڻڶ˽٣ͳ˸ֲȷأڶɽٵͬʱҪȥֱ
ϧҶĵͺܴ󣬶¹ңֻҪ뵽ֻһ˿ԣҲԥȥԡ
ˣҶǿ֮Уں˷Ȼ֣ͬʱ˳˫֮Ҳ಻ϵ֮С
˵Ҷʱӵֻ棡
еȼֵģӸߵ͵˳ֻ浱У˳˫ֱ켶͵ؼ棬Ϊ鼶档
ֲͬȼĽ֮£ȻһδȫµĻ棬˵ûĵȼ˲һּ¾硣
ȫµĻ棬ȻҶ˺ҶҲܸоĳ¶ȾԸߵˡ
ֻ棬Ҷ㿪ʼһĽԪǿա
ҶķʽҲǼΪһ֣嵱¯ַʽƳ뼺ںϣŸпܳɳΪʥ
һ˿Ԫǿգŵ˻֮ϣꡱһ߾Ȼͬʯһ㣬׵ľͽ֯һ𣬲ƣȥе̫ͼ
Ҷǰһ˵Լ뷨Уû׼֮ǰɹĽԪ
Ҷʼٴһ˿ԪȻӺܴ󣬵ҲһԵĽкԪͬʱǿգĻܻܿὫѹ
ԪʼĲӫ⣬ͬҹǳգâ˸𲻶
ԽԽĺԪӿ룬ͻ潻֯һ𣬴ı˴˸ռݰڽɽĻںϣֱˮ齻ڵΪһ壬һԲΣһֳֻ̫ɢĲǽ⣬һֺɫĹâ
Ҷ֪ԳʽԪƳͣڴ֮ǰһΪؼ⡣
ǾԼһҪƳʲô
Ҷǿ֮еС̫뵽˳˼֮С
Ȼʱ˿̣ڹĹ֮˫ʯ˳ȴ﷢˰Թ֪֮Ҷڸʲôֻ֪ԼٶͻȻӿƵòҲʼΧۻʯе


1443 Ԫ
ǹꪣӡӡ
һͬҶǰֳÿһһΧҶתҶοӶѡ
ҶĿҲһһЩӹͬʱǹꪣЩֻǵĽ͵ҪƵӦòֻҪɹɷҪи;
Ѿʥ䶦ͬҲʥ۾ӣʦǵӣӡ̫ͨ
Ҷϵ˼񣬾һʱ֮ƯЩҲʧֻʣ
ڽίʵýˣκ˶ϤĲϤˡ
˵Դڷڵĳλڻ֮µγһͬĶ߾ͷֶҽ䵱ɼ֮á
ڵ״ǵڿʼն佲幦ʱ˽һָ¥ϵһ𣬲յ״
˵ʷƾãʱĸֻǷߵרǶκ˶żΪҪ塣
ͬʱ״ͲҲвͬ壬ܹ֮쳣
ʿ˶ѡոܹռ䣬һķΧ֮⴩Խա
ҶǰŵĽȻصһҲҶԼҪԪƳһ
ʮ˲㣬ʮ˲ѪͬѪѪҪӵķ
ҶʼԼΪ¯ʶԪҪ޵崸ʵĽ
ҶһĶãͬʱҲûԼ£Ȼϵ
ӿ룬ȻƽѾͨʮѨλһѨλ֮Ҷ֮ϾͻᷴӳѨλ֮лһѪɫι
ɢצƻֺ꣡
һѪɫιԴҶǰͥѨȻΧ˸е첻ѣΪҶѪһֱ֡
ȻڶֱʮѪɫιʱ˵ı鶼Ѿˣ
ʮ·صѪɫҶΧƣеͬһ㣬η
˭ҲΪʲôҶڻôѪɫιÿһιѪĻҶѪ֮ʢʵ̫ˣ
𣡡
ʮѪݷͬʱһ쳹صȻڿĸֳһѪɫ磡
Ѫɫ֮УһƬޱߵѪӿȣǧؾϯ죡
ٴͬ׻У𾪵ԸӵĵزЩǿǣҲΪ֮ݣԾĽǰ㣬ƺҪ翴øӵ
죬ѾγԼһ˰ɣ
⣬Ĺģֱ˵绹Ҫ׳
ⲻһ磬ֻĳ࣬ƾչ¶ʵպδܱʵ
ȷֻҶչֳ࣬һ磬Ǽпܱʵӵ˿Կ֮ʱ
û֪ҶĵʲôΪʲôӵ˾˵˸еֲࡣ
Ȼһֻǿʼ
ʼҶüĴĽɫ꣬ͻȻȽȽֱƬѪɫ֮У֮䣬Ӳӣ˫Ŀգׯϡ
䣡
ţݷҪصѪͻȻѪ֮дܳһνɫˮΣ˽ɫߡ
ȻֻһˮΣԾѪ֮ʾȻܹ˾޴ͺ䶯˶ʶŽɫˮӦòô򵥡
䣡
׽ɫˮεͻȻˮδѪ֮ӿһǺɫһǺɫ
ɫˮΧҶĽɫ꣬ʼɫâֱгһԲΣԲ֮ͷųȻ͸࣬Ҷ˸
˹ľ󣬼Ѿڳ˵ڰе̲סעţܿô£Ϊˮε״ϤˣǾѪ״
ڣȺ֮Ҳ˲ŷ⣬ˮΣãĳ
ܰɣ˭˭
飬鳾ӦãӦֻһǷɣ
Ϊ̫ܵ޴ÿ˶Ǳ˽ͣ˵ˡ
ļҼһ̻ҡͷǳ
ɫˮΣҶ
һӦˣͼΡ
һһ


1444 ħ
һ˵ˣû˵Ȼȴʵĳ˵ǰ
ҶǵѾ㹻ˣԺܿ˾ĬĬĽʵҷİʾԼֻҪǷҶϵ飬ϡŹ֣Ҳ
ţΧҶĽɫ꣬ûˣҶԼ֪ǽᷢı仯
˵ҶԼڷ·Ѿһˣľǲϵ֮еһҪĶȻзչб仯
ƾŴ˿Ҷչֲֳ˼࣬˶ĵĳɹ˾ôؽһλǿߣ׷λʦֵĽŲһ·ϵ졣
ﬣ
ߵ֮ͻȻ𣬽ߵ߲ʹͬʱҹ֮Ҳ߿ǡ
ǣ
ϱɢǹ⣬ߵ߲ʹâҫۣ߾Ȼںϵһ۳һ׵ľ߲
ǽ跨һֹϵѾʧսǳ֮ιˣû뵽쾹Ȼٴʩչ˳
䣡
߲Ȼ˦һ¾޴βֱͣӽһƬȻȻҶ˹ȥ
ৣ
ͬʱâ𣬿ռ䲻ϱһһڶ֣򽣻ۣӼҶ
֮ĿҶչֳ֮ڲٲҴţͬʱ˹ҪҶɱ
ޱɱǵأضڶΧ֮޲ɫֹȣڵڶΧɱ֮ʱ
ɴ˿ɼҶЩеĵλҲԸˡ
ħЦһһҡʱǣ˲Ѿһصľˣǿ׳壬ǿȥ˾ôȥ
ſͬСɽһСƣħ˫ס˳ֻ߲ǡ
ٺ٣үүûɱ㿪ˣ
ħЦ˫ȻȻͽֲӲĽԴŤԼ֮ǰȻҸѼס
ͿħҸѼ߲Ǿ޴Դһץǣڳһֻ֣Դ˹ȥ
žžž
಻ϵİ𶯲񷣡
ȻǸѲ˷ħҪҡͷԣвϷ֮
Ȼħķۿͣ˶̲סĵ˿ĭ
߷ħСһƴŰƣǱ߳ҲٴηŴ󣬺ס˳ߵâ
ͷϵҩ¨֮УɫɳһŹǡܹһâȻըΪɣƬ̹򣬴ǸĽâѾȫʧ
̫ӡƽһ־޴̫վҪнâ䴩ɢ
г֮ȻǿߣػҶŵλҲʡ͵ĵƣɵľͽһ͵Ϯٴν¡
ħ̧ݺһȭͷһǳ֮۶ɵԴʱը˿ȻҲ¹ޡ
˵ǾôʵҲ˼֣û汾£ϽʹȻҷүүżˡ
ŷħո£ͻȻһǿ˼µĿֲϢӿ˳˲أ˶һԻӡ
Զ֮һɫӰֳ֮ĿɢǹŨѪ֮ζͲбɱ⣬ȴÿһˡ
ɫӰӲˣӦĳط۶ɣ͸ƶȴô𶯣¡¡졣
⣬ʲô
ȺɫӰɽȸϵȻɢ¶Ŀһ׵˵ףȻûѪɫ˫Ŀգȴ͸¶һ̬֮˾һ˫ֱۣӶأƺһ㡣
ħħԯ콾
һƵͻȻгžȻͨһڵأǸɫӰֱӰȥ
ֵ޲ɫ༸Ҫֹͣˣֵ˾Ȼǳʮǰħԯ콾
òԾлħԯ콾ɣ
ܣⲻǾлһĳŵħ۵ĳħ۵ʶϢħ۵ʶϢ˳۳ħ۵ӡ
仰˵ǿģȻħۣҲħ۵һ֣֮˹ȻѪרΪ˶Ըģ


1445 ʦ
Χ۵Щ˲µĲħԯ콾ʵϾҶĴʦ֣Ѫĵһλˣϵ֪ûмˣֻһҴ۹
۹ϴλ۴ϵʱѾع⣬Ҳȫû˹˼ɣ˾ҪɱҶ
ԯ콾֮ʬҰѪɺӣȻҲᱻħ֮Ȼֻһ˿ʶϢʵҲ٣ңҪǣĴʦ֣
ԼĴʦ֣ܷµ˺أ
Ϊ˶ɱҶΪ˶Ը۹þ˰취֪еľǶôļᶨ
ৣ
һӹڴ֮г˵ǰ˫۽ĶλͬעԼħۣû˿ı飬޷֪Щʲô
䣡
ͻȻħ۳֣һȭӳȭХֱ˵˹ȥƺӳ˰ģȻƫͷ㣬ȭȴǲնȻӲϴһѪۣѪ齦ȭͷ֮ϡ
һĻ޲޵еȻһͱħ۸ˣ
ħһȭ֣û˿ͣһȭҳҲͬû˿顣
ȻȻħ۵ʶϢ۶ɣûԼʶǱڰвٿأ˵˾һεǿ
ʶҲʶҶλԼʦܡ
һΣһ࣬˿ħۣҡҡͷǰĿռͻȻ߽⿪¶һƬڵգҲһ˽ȥվ֮У޾罫ͷ˿ķ趯˫ȴֱĶħۡ
ӣ뽫ħ֮УԱŵҶĳأȻħȴԭ΢΢һ֮󣬲ûн󣬶תҶ˹ȥ
ʱҶȴƽ֮ͷ֮ϣƴֺ룬Ѿɫ֮Уɫ걦ׯϣƣ֮ͬϣӲ
ͬʱʵҲһĿʼΧĿ֣֮ÿһһ裬Ҷҡ
֮
֮ˡ
Ӳо֮Ҳڴ˿󣬵ȴ񷣬һΧ˵ĶУǶ̲סе㱣ƺһ㣬Ըߵˣܴܶʼļ仰á
˵Ҳ֣оʱҶһħԯ콾ȴͻȻͣ˽ŲȻޱ飬˫֮ȴ¶һ˿˼ģƺ
ðв֮˲ļ٣һѪħǿһҡ֮󣬾ȻͬѪϴһ㣬ٴζһ͹ⷢѪɫֹͣҲٴҶȥ
ͣ
ͻȻ֮߳ħǰſڷһһѪ֮۳ɴֱ֮ӳ嵽ħ۵ϣȻȻը
֮ը֮󣬾ͻϸСѪɫ·˲䲼ħ۵ϣһ䶯ħ۵ڡ
ħǶȻŭһʼûбŤſͣһ޵ŭ
ˣ
ͻȻһ£˶һһС˶ʱſ˵ϡ
ħٴγ֣ͬҲѪ֮ڿи֣Լ֮侹Ȼз֮ҫ۳һѪԼǰͷ¡
оⱩǣֶһץסѪһܿռٴα˺ѣһ޴ճ֣ţסѪһȻħۣ˫˫֮С
˵ĵ룬տʼѸٺ£ڼȫرյɲǣ˺Ȼֻʣһ϶֮дʦ֣
ȫرգħ۶ʧˣȴһ㣬޷
Ȼƺħԯ콾Ϊʦ֣
ѪɣѪħ۶˲²⣬Ǻħ֮Ƿʲôϵ
Ѿӹɣʮǰħԯ콾ǰ࣬ԼںճҶ֮侹ȻԴһţһʦֵܵĹϵ
ԣҲҪһλʥս죡
ÿ˶Լ֮пհһƬѪһŵʲôеĵӣȻħۣʥ
ˣ
һ󼱴ٵĺ˾ûع뿴Դ֮һ˲Ǵʧɫ
Ȼ˵һҹ֮䣬ҶѾ̫𾪣Ǻڵ𾪱ղŵȫֻСˡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷͷ֮ϣƬ׳ѪϿգȻֳһѪɫı


1446 ϱ
ҶԼΪ¯ʶԪȻô̵ʱھͣ״ȫҶ
һʮ˲ѪɫӲƺԪδδ֣֮ޱȣ罣У֮ϱ鲼һ̺֮·Ȼ·򵥣ɲҶԼĵƣǱڳ͵һ̣۶ģ
ܹ۳·պĳɾͶǲ
ԭĺԪȻĻΪΣһ۳·ǱѰ
˵۾ֱˣһ˿ԪΪҶȻݳ޵ƳһȫɺԪ۶ɵʮ˲ߵı
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼҶڱ͵ʱ򣬷ԼĵƲûг֮ϣٴͻ룬罫صĹ֣Կڱ֮ڡ
ȻΪϹŵһ澭̺ĵ⣬ϣܹԿϣھ֮иһһ㱣
Ҷ񣬿ʼԼʵ۳һһ֣뵽ڲ
ȻܿһʵĹâҶƮ뵽֮У¾ǿߣҲ޷ͨâ֣ǲ֪Ҷʲô
ⲢҪɺԪɵľᣬοвѾħ˫˫գǾѵĻᡣ
Ҷͷϵֱӱ˺һֻɫĴִ̽ץȥ
ʱ˿̣ػҶǿߣָĹΧһʱ֮˭ҲϾȥҶ
ֵǣǿֻ֣ϵȴʮƽ̫¶һ˿Цƺ˿Ĵֻ˺Ҷ
ǵ̬ȻΧ˸е棬ǧ˪ȹҶˣвδ͵ϮҶĸǣȴǶ
ǧ˪ǵҶİΣЩǸӹĽ˿ֶ̳ıȻΪǿߣ佫ɽߣôͻ绢һ׽Լ֮¾еʥ޷֮࿹ˡ
˺ƿռ䣬һСɽһ赲ѹԽԽȻʱȻһѪɫâҶ߸ĵϢȴͬһ㣬ӳա
ৡһѪɫֱӶ˽ɫ֣ȥƲſǱ˺ѵĵطֱȥ

ۼϳǵѪɫĿ̲סгҲˣҶߣһλǿߡū
ūȻԳΪūūǿūܹ׷ңһΪȻҲ񲻿ɵ
䵱Ϊ˱һ䴩ǿߵԾĿʵ֪
ֲϷ뿪̫Ҳ޿֣ԭūʼվҶߡ
һ̴ɫֱ֣ûƬ˺ѵ֮Уҫ۵ĺɢеĺڰ

һƺ˲պϣ֪˸ղ͵Ϯ֮ˣţһƬձֱ飬˳ٶ࣬ںܶ˶Ŀļͷ֮ϣһιɫѪ䡣
ūѾҶߣг칭̧Զع飬˹֮ϣ𶯡
ߣ壡
ͷϵǵɫѪū׵ľжϳ͵Ϯ֮˵塱֣˲ԼͬĽĿͶ˱򼸴ۼ֮
Ǯɫϸ޷жϳ֮˾ǲǱ
ɫѪҲ٣ûȷʵ֤֮ǰ˭Ҳ˵
Źūһ͵Ϯ̫ҲֱԼԵ鷳ǿ߷ΪϱλãȵĻҶ
˸еǣȻҲû˳͵Ϯˡ
ҹȻƽ˾ĹȥҶԴӽԼ֪Сͳͳ뽣ڲ֮Ҳ뵽붨״̬֮С
ҶɫƽƺƬѾ׵Ϊһ壬ֻвϳڵĵŨµ֤Ȼڳص״̬
ѪɫԾͷ֮ϣ֮УɫƺҶͬ״̬ɽ
Ǹ֮鲻֪ʲôʱȻҲ˽ͶҶԱߣͬҶǺ
ɽҶ֮ϣһ𻤷һǧ˿߰ĺԪҶεӵ鶯ƺʱ𻯷ȥ
˾ֹ˲֪ƣľעҶǵҲں棬ѵеЩˣľɱҶļƻˣ


1447 
һһҹȥҶԾɱԭȵ״̬һ̫λҲǱ˵ܣվԼλϣ̬ûб
ʵ󣬳ʵҲǱչأչؽ뵽˺һ״̬֮У˵첻ʮ겻飬Ҳ˵Ҷڻûдﵽ˾ҪȻڻ
޷ģΪʲôЩгֵ˶ٳ֣ѵˣ׼Ҷƽأ˵ǶѾͬѾʧҹˣ
䣬Ҳ˹ĵһ⣬Ҷ֪ħۣλʦͬţȴòʦֵ֮ĶԾ˭ʤ˭
һʮѪɺӵħۣһ֮ǰݺȻħֻһ˿ʶϢǼȻ۹˸ַʽħ۳֣˵ĵġ
ȴû˽ͬϴζԸڰ޳һʧˣ᲻ڼ֮ٴγأ
Ȼһзƽ˾ĵȴƺеȴû˸ľʹ뿪ǶڵȴյĽҶܷ˳ڻڴһ뵽˾磡
ûҶĻܹ˳ͻƣϾԪƳɵˣ
ǰͻƵĹ̵оȻҽԪԣĲһܹģͳ㣬Ҿ϶ܳɹ
̫꣬ˣѵΪղŰгֵЩ˾ʹ˷ˣʵǰɣܣ
Ҷͻƿ϶û⣬Ƕ˵ⲻͻƣܷܵסͻƺ֮٣ΪЩҪɱҶĸǣܻܿѡҶ֮ͬʱ֣ٺ˽ʱ֣ҲһܹҶæˣ
ⷬʱе˶ѣȷпͻݱ䣡
ٵѾΪֲˣ˳ô˻Ҷ֣޼ƿʩ
֪֮ʱǲģһɽ֮ܵ󣬶ˣͬҲܵʵµٵĳͷԶɽ٣ȫҪԼκ˶޷
Ȼ˵ĹͲٵĳͷΧ֮ˣԴ˶ɽٵʱ򣬶ѡܿˣһ˼ĵطӶӳɹʡ
ҶڼǿǵƤ¶ɽ٣Ȼаڵλػһڶɽʱ˹Ҳֻȥҵ֮˲Է֮⣬취ȥҶˡ
ʱţʱȥתۼ͵˵ҹɫѾ΢΢ԭΪһҹҲֽƽ˾ĹȥʱͻȻҶ֮ٴγһѪɫι
һֱʮŵ
ҶǰҹѾʮѪɫιڿ۳˳࣬Ȼڣʮιٴγ֣ҾȻ
ܹʮŵιͬʮһ㣬أ
ʮҶΰΧʵҲ߸֣ϼǧ壬Ҷһ㣬ڽŴϴ
쿴ϣ
ԭղŶѾҪգͻȻ䱻һ㻯Ũī׵һڲ
Ⲣʲôڲһ˼µĺɫƲʡƣ
֮ǰнƳ֣ϴ׵磬Ǵӽ֮
֣ҲζҶѾɹͻƣӷ˾뵽˾ڴ֮ǰҪٵĿ飡
ֻǣ˭Ҳûмܹڱ˼ƬյĽƣ
ڳƵǣȫ𾪵˼£˿ֲĽƣ׵֮󣬿Ҳǳκ˵
Ƭ֮ȺȻû뵽зڻӭԼΪ˵١
ʱԱ¼ʷ֮Уǿһδй漣
ǶҶܷΪˣȴһ浹Ŀ
Ҳֲ̫˰ɣһĽƣ˭ƽɹ
ǰҿЩҲóˣپԴݻҶˡ
һǿǣȫݣϵҲǸͬ
ǧ˪һῴƣһῴҶٴƲסʦòס
ϵɴڼٵ⶯ɼĺҪ࣬ȻҲĳء
סԼ֣ȴǳĿƬɫĽƣ¶˼֮ɫ
Ȼ˫ֻǰ͸һ˷ܵЦעҶĿҲͬʱڿһ֮ˡ
ɫأҡԴȻҲҶ

ͻȻ䣬ˣʼֻһ˿˿΢磬Ǻܿͱ˺ХĿ磬һݷܹصġ¡һƬ޴յĺɫ֮Уɫĵâ


1448 
ټ٣ɹٵ˶֪ʵһʱ䣬ֻڻ
ͬʱʼղɽҶҲ˱仯ԭʯɽ֮ϣʱȥ˳߾ȫ֮£ѾһǧʯȫۻˣҷȻҶﵽı׼ʱֽҶȾͽʯУó顣
ʯۻ̺ĺ󲿷ֶҶڣ¿տҲȻ̬ն
ֻ˴Ĳϳˢ֮£Ŀʼ͸۾ܿڵľѪף࣡
Ҷе֮жӴתÿһλҲ࣬˿̾Ө͸ͬһɫʯһ˵ǰ
ҶڳֱϵʮŵѪɫιԴͷҲȻ鲼Ҷ壬Դ϶ʮ֮ϵĹԴеΪ룬ʺֱ£߰˸֮ࡣ
壡
ڿãȻҲǸӵľȣ꣬ҶȻ󲿷ֵԼ塣
ѹôǿֻħߣΪϹ޵壬Ҳ尡Ȼǿ󣬵ǳﲻı׼ҲǸֲαѣ
˭˵ͳﵽı׼ԼúÿѾںϵһֲֿĲԲһǹ̥ѹҪ˺ܳأҪĶԶԶǰ
ȻЩ˶ܿҶڵΣԾһǿǾҶѨλ
Ѫһţ;ǴͨѨλνڴҶһִͨѨԲŻʮŵιҲ˾ı׼

ҶͷϵѪɫԾɴڣʱѪڣѿѪ֮УһȻĸ˳
ʼʱǸȻ﾿ʲôֻ֪ǴľˣΪһƬѪռݡ
ڳѪ֮ϵʱǲǿˣ⣬ȻһΡׯԺ
ׯԺ֮£ȻһƬɫĺ
һ޴ƷǰƷ֮ϣдšڡ֣Ʒ֮󣬾һƴׯԺ
ׯԺԡһƬ֮У֮⣬䲻֪ĻӭչԼԼ侹Ȼ˱ǡ
ׯԺĴŶ˿ĿΣȪ۲ţȪˮмǹȪˮȻɫ΢΢һ뵰ׯԺְƻá
ʲôôڳ֮оȻḡֳһׯԺ
ֻ࣬һʵ𣿡
ҶĵʲôΪʲôǱ˵ˣû˵
˵һǿˣǸ֮еЩϲǣҲûмȫ龰
ڴˣȻϳѪһŴͨѨλ֮γɵĻ긮
긮볾صںϣ˵ҶĿǰʵѾﵽ˾ı׼
¡
յĺɫ֮УͻȻû˿׵Ĵһ죬ţһͬ۴ϸɫȻ£ٶ֮죬ڳ˶ûзӦ
ɫ֮ʣʼձ۾ɽҶͻȻ˫̧ۣ̫ͷһһĿ⽻ݷ𶴴ʱͿռ䣬ĿֱԽͷϵĳ࣬Խ߸ϵĺɽһ̫ͼӭɫ磡
Ȼ٣
Ҷٴ˷˾̫֮˶¶֮ɫΪҶһ亹
ٴ־ɽֻ֮йԹԳܵķݣȻҶ֮ԹԳܣ١
̫ͼһֺ㶨ٶȣеתâɡ
ǲ
ɫݺݵ̫ͼ֮ϣϹⱩǣأ̼˶۾
â˲ȥǰٴ޷Լ۾
ٵɫ羹ȻɢˣҶ۽̫ͼȻˣȻڻת
Ҳ˵Ҷٲ㣬ҾȻӮ٣
ôܣ
˴лع֮¡¡죬ɫâͬ߰趯ţڶ
ͬʱৡһڽ·ȻһƬռ䱻˺ڰ֮У¶һֻ޴۾
Щڰеȴĸǣٴγ֣Ҫ֮ɱҶ


1449 
ۣ֮
ϳ˳֮Уֻĥ̵۾
֮ʵһֻ꼼ͨƶԷ꣬۾ʶ֮۶ֱӳԺ֮УӶӰ쵽ꡣ
һĹ֮Ҷȥ
֮۵ĳ֣һȻƴΧȫ̧ͷȥѰŵ֮˵λãȻ˭Ҳ޷ݷ졣
ʼʱת֮ͬȻͻȻ֮䣬תֱϣ͸һɱ֮⣬ͬһ㣬졣
һһڿԻΣ˷һһУǵأҶ̶ֱȥ
ۣ֮ʵ϶ڻ꼼Ӱ˵꣬г֮˼ϸ尡֪λǿ߻ҶʵʵսδܹЧԸû꼼Ҷ꣡
ߵ͵ϮĹؼ˻Ȼ
̫˹Ȼ¶֮ɫΪ꼼ǵǿ˵Ǹ꼼Ի꼼Ĺһʱ֮ûʲôõİ취ҶֻһԸż
ۣ֮ҶƽҶȻۿ죬ƺΪ˿۽̫ͼŴӽֱ֮µĵڶɫ硣
¡
ȻһһȴƺǷһ̫ͼͬʱȻը˫˫ɢ˿֮С
ҶҲǼæۣٴʱ۾ѾǻָȻڴʱĹ֮Ҳͬʱ
ǲ
Ѫɫ֮еĽɫ궸Ȼ˫ۣɫмһۣ֮һȴٿȻŴ󣬽ɫ߿裬Ӳĵס˳
žžž
ը֮˷ҶɫͷųƺһȻ͵סεĹһȴ֮µǵĿ⣬ֱϣͬһɫߣݿ֮࣬Ŀʱ籬ѣֱֻ޴۾֮ԣ
꣡
ͻȻըͷųһҫ۽⣬һƵƺֻ޴֮Ѿϣ򿪵Ҳʼ£
ҶȻӭٵͬʱԼĻֱӷڰе˵Ļ꼼͵Ϯ
һĻȫľսԭҶǿ󣬶ң֮ǿҲǷ˼
ʱ򣬵ҲѾѾ֮ܳΪһ磬һƬ磡
ʮһɫ磬ӿֱ£߿裬¡âݷڵĳˮһ㣬ؼγһƬɫ
䣡
춯أΧ֮˶ö죬궼ܵӰ죬΢𵴡
٣Ĺ˰ɣ񲻵Ҷ壬žȻҲҶ꣬⣬ѵ춼ڰЩг֮ˣҲҪͽҶɱ
ڿ񱩵֮дŵ
û˵ô˾궼Ҫ׵ϴֻҶղη磬еˡ
˵˵ı仯ȷ궼ҪõнµҲԶɽ֮˵ꡣ
ֻ׵綼һƬʵ̫ƴһ㣬˵ܶ˶δţδ
һЩϼһǼʶ㡣
ʱ٣µپһƬ󡣡
ٵǸݶɽߵʵ仯ģʵԽǿԽ󡣡
ҶȻԾǷ壬ʵ¶ﵽ˶нףٵȻҲǷͬСɡ
߼򵥵Ľ̸˼֮󣬾̱ͣעȫļеҶϡ
Ϊ׵綼˺󣬸ҶΪĵķԲ׵ķΧʵ͵˶Ѿ޷ҶڵΡ
ŷλӵ۵ŷȫҲˣۿԶ纣˵֮£˫ڿͶһֳ֮ҶΡ
ʱ˿̣ҶĹūò˳ȥ˺֮ľ룬ⱻ뵽׵֮С
֮£ū˽뵽׵纣ķΧ֮ڣô˼Ҳͬɽ֮ˣǵʵӦ٣˵¾ұЩ׵һ˿
һƬ׵統Уɫӿ糱ƺܹ¾ǿǿĩٰľ󣬶о⡣
ȻҶΧ֮£ȴƽվٷӣƺ׼ֿһ㡣
ңǺɽƬѪɫ磬Լ֮궼ѾʧջڣȻӦǻᱻ׵
¡
һʮ׳ľ޴ϵȻûκ谭Ҷϣ


1450 

ٵСˣɫҶһĻʱ̲ס˾֮
һУ˾ĿҶѾһƬڣƤһѪ˿֮ʣֵеѪδҶ壬ܡ
ڳʮŵѪɫιҲѾʧӦǱˡ
ӦóŲȥˣŲһѣѾˣٲֻǸոտʼȻˣгֵ˵˺̫󣬺磬ܹܡ
ȻҶղ磬ǶĿ࿴Σȴúܶҡͷ
õ֤ǰгֵˣҲûзΪȻҶٶ޷ôǸûбҪһ˷Լ
ʮһģȻһҶôҲһ⣬εĺݺݵҶϡ
գ֮䣬纣ʧҶѾͬһغ̿ȻԾδȴһ
òѾ˰ɣ
˻ոµͬʱͬ̿ҶĿͻȻ³һͬʱС֮УһɫʣѸȫ¡
䣡
ͻȻʮŵ֮ԭѾʧʮŵѪɫιȻҶٴγأңɫȣǰȻǿ˼֡
ͬʱոձҶջȥĺɽĽɫ꣬ȻҲͷһεðڰ֮С

ҶܵɫһɫȫҶ˿С
ٿҶȻԾǽһƬ˺ۣѪҲϵڼʣȥƺήҲ񣬵ǾƾʮѪĹȴ֪Ҷ״̬ƺûܵʲôӰ죡
𣿡
ôҵ磬ɱ˱һ¾ѾΪٻˣʮȻˣ״̬ƺȸղŷҪǿһ㣡
ǰУôּ˳ѵͲ±꣬Ϊױޣʱɾ³ˡ
˶Ҷľٶеʱ֮еĽƣٴͷų˵ֵ磡
һϰٵɫ磬һƬ纣̫ڴ˿̶ϱɫ׷Ծ뿪Ѿҹλá
Ϊε纣ǵķΧȻƬɽȣ
¡¡
纣׳ӿȣޱȣ׵ĽҶûһһĴϣѪĽɣͷ˹ޡ
ѵǴ˵е׵ϴ𣿡
һλڻ죬δٵ̲סѯʡ
ǵģĶɽ٣׵ϴԱ˵ĳͷҶƺѾϴˣַٰʽȥܲ˵ˡ
ʹӵܳվһ˳ɫעڳܾʹҶﲨսľ
ǰոպͰһ٣֪ν׵ϴ񣬾׵˵֮УȻһڲת̾ϴȻҲʹΣգֻҪܹȥ߾ͻ壬ǸʱǶ١
٣ҶıʵС׼ףǸ˵ģҶϴֱڻ
ͬʱҶͷĺɽͽɫ꣬Ҳûӹ׵磬֮ͬǵҫ߿衣
ֻɽɽһ˿˿Ԫ׵ľͽ֮ϵĵ߸ȫӰ졣
ڽɫ꣬СС֮⾹ȻֳһѪɫ壬Ľϵĵ߸ڡ
ҵҶڽ갡⵨Ҳ̫˰ɣ
˲ҶͼһЩϱתͷЩһۣһЦʵ֪ˣн׵磬ֱѵĲϣ
ֻҶƺѱ֮£Ȼͬʱ꣬Ϊɱûʲô
һ纣׳֮󣬺ɽͽɫûʲô£Ҷ״̬ȴǼ
ͬ޵еǿ˿񱩵׵֮£Ѿưܲط򴩣˺ۣͷǶһ¶˳쳣ɲûΡ
˭֪Żм磬ٲ
Σ
ô֪Σ
ʻ̧֮ͷѰŻشԼˣȻһ֮£ȴŵһƨ˵ϣУ಻֪ʱѾվղŻش֮˾


1451 
վڽ֮£һѩ˫ĿտȻע·ѾεҶԾޱ飬ޱϲ
û֪ʲôʱģûпһ뿪ħԯ콾ӰԲѲ³һʦֵݷԽʱյһս֮Уʤˡ
ղʻ֮ˣҲû뵽شԼľȻǸ߸ϵȻԾɺΪʲô磬Ǵʱȴζˡ
¶֮ɫĹūȴǴһ⣺ˣѵҲǾ٣
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ūҲ׷ʣվڹūԵķħȴ̲ס˵ǰʲôǾ٣ѵǶӦ٣
ǣūһûֹԼ˼Žŵһ˵гֵ磬һΣҲһأ࡭
ҲǾŴˣԽо٣
ħȹū˵꣬ѾȴϣȻūȴҡҡͷĻƺûޣ
ħ۾ȻԲͬǶԻҲ֮гֵȻû޵
Ҷǵһξ٣ȴֻܵŴΣܹŹŴ٣ô͵ǿ־뽵¸٣ҲΥ
˳˼ĵǾĴ磬Ρ
վ̫ϹҲ̲סΣ
һ㳬ϣ˵ͬٮٮߣ
˵ˣȻղ˵ĶԻҲ
ľŴΡ˳¶ɫŵĴΣҶѾĲΣһαһδΣҶܳŹȥ
˵ΪҲ֪ҶǷܹŹŴΣȻԼҲǾ٣ȴȲҶ٣ؼǣû磬ڵһ֮ʱѾ׵ˣ
¡¡
ٴȫ̧ͷգԭīĽƣȴǱޱȣɫâɺա
£ǳɽɺƵޱȣû˿ͬ飬ٴεҶǶȥ
ʱҶҪԹȥˣϴľʹȴǴ̼ܻԡ
緢飬Ҳ֪ķǳֻȴܷˣԴ̤֮·һȫĵͶ룬Ϊ֮£ֻҪвȴľǻΪޡ
ǲ
һ׳ɽ£ۿҪҶϵʱͻȻˡһ촫ɽȻ𶯣һԪۼڷ絶֮ϡ
˵Ҳ֣׵ƺܹܵԪȻûмȥҶǺݺݵ˺ɽ֮ϡ
ˣ
ɽ𶯵ƵˣγһӰǶ̲סǲҪը
ͬʱɫҲɢѪ⣬ڶ׵Լϡ
һĻ˺ȻףǺɽͽɫڰҶֵٵ
˳ôͬᱻ֮УǺɽͽɫ꣬ҶУҲʵһ֣׵磬Ӵٵ
ֻǣ˾ȵǣҲʹźɽѾһ˿ǣ֪ɫƺҶҪǿӲ׵磡
Ȼǰ׵ûҶʣ׵Ծɾˣ
֮Ϲϵ罫ҶƣʮŵѪɫι֮ϵѪ֯һ𣬹ᴩϵ£չֳһֺ뾰
ۣҲ޷ٿ͸Ƭ׳纣Ǹ֪ڵҶǻǣ˶ţҶֵҲ޷ɹˣ
ģâʼѪɫʼ˥͸ɫѪɫĹĻȿɽ֮УֻϣȻֶ˼˿·
˵ɽס׵ϴ񣬲һл˸Ĵ·ڼ֮ϡ
仰˵ҶĽΣٺɽ֮еõ˺ôˣ
ɽֵ֮ҶĽɫ꣬ڣȻɳһһˮΣ·Ҷ
ʱҶѾ˵ϣһ֮ð˿˿ɫ壬˵ˣ˵һشӻȡĽľ
Ҷǻ
û֪ΪȻ纣ʱʧɽȵ֮ȻŴ֮赲ס˵ʶҲ޷
˶ס˺ĶҶеϣţеϣˣ
¡¡
ܼԤʾŵֵټ£ȻҲҶԾɻţ


1452 Ƽ
֣֣ڰ֣
ֿ׳纣Ƕ伸ڱƬյĺɫ֮оȻٴ˹
ҶȻѾŹ˰٣Ȼţ
˴˿Ƭ֮µˣЩǿ߻ǿǣÿ˶ʣԼҵİ٣Լܷͦأ
ȻǸûд𰸵⣬ԳԣȻƾ²ǲشġ
ھ
һΣվɽɽϵǶʼתˣΪ׵縲ǵķΧѾǵλð˽ȥ
һ֣Ҳһ٣
֮ȫ׵ĺϵ¶ڷ𶯣ֺ֮쳹أɫ׵̫࣬ɫ΢΢е㷢죬ͬҶͷųȻδȫϨʮѪɫι
ֻЩѾܱ֮ΪΣҲֻг̵ֻвһ硣
ЩҶѪԿ֪ȻҶԾɻţҲͬвһʱϨ
¡
޾׵磬һƬ嫵գͬޱɫȼգ֮⣬ǿǿߣ޷ֱӡ
ڣ޾纣ʧտʼ𽥱պϣղͬѰҲھٽˣ
ˣ
һ֮ɽ֮д˿ƬɽȾǱɽѹһ³֮ԶظǽһƬִСͬĺӱ鲼档
ǺòҵԴأѾͬ˽֮ɫĺɽģڲڿУ֮صˤ˵£ٴҳһСӣڿо
˿̣һֱһ֪·˵أһ
ѵõûйעɽǽĿͶע˽ԱߣǸԾɰڵϣѾεġ̿ȻҲѰҶ꣬ϧȴûҵ
궼ѾʧĻôҶ϶Ǳɡ
ɹ𣿡
ɹ٣ӦѾΪˣǣ𣿡
ھˣȻţ
ʶ޷룬ôŰ
û֪𰸣Щ˶ĿͶϣܹϵıжϳҶ
ֻϧȻԾûб飬ǺһĿע·Ҷ
飡
ͻȻڵϵҶֱͦͦĵȥľһؽ̿һˤڵϵͬʱһЩɫĿ
Ⱥ֮оһһž֮ͻȻֻＸͬʱ
ˣ
Ҷˣ
ûгɹɹ٣
̫ϧˣѾŹ٣ȻûгŹһ֣
ԭΪ漣֣û뵽Ȼһ֣ӣзܹڻڳΪˡ
ʱ˿̣˵ǼѾټɻվڿеҶɽٵʧܣȻҲǸи뷨
еֻеĮģеȻ¡

֮УһΪϸ΢ȴͻȻᣬȴǡõĴÿ˵ĶУʱȫ
ڵͬ̿һҶĿͻȻ³һƺɫţݷܹһ㣬ֱӲ񷡣
Ҷ۾
ţҶֳס棬ΪѵվҡҡλΣʱпٴεһ㡣
ǡ֮Ҷ֮̿ϴۼ˿Ҷ֮ϾȻһѷ졣
飡
ţһ΢ıҶ֮ǲɫ˿

Ҷٴγ³һȻ˿ʼŤ˵ĸоһ㣬㵸
飡
һֱֻͻȻӺɫ֮˳һӨ͸Ͼֱۣţ֮ҶԼ˫˫ȣ

ҶһȻը˿źɫͬĩ״Ķϱȥ
Ƽ
˿ˣҶղѳȥģԭȵѾ׵˽̿һ壬¶Ĳ׵ϴ壡
ͱ˵׵ϴ岻ͬҶȻֱӽԭȵϵȻ´һȫµ塣
Ҷ֮ƣ¶֫ǿ׳һ˫۾纣Ŀ֮Ȼû˸Һӡ
ʵ֤ҶǵûĶɹԼľ٣ƼĴӷˣ˾


1453 콣
ǧ˪ˣ˿Ѿ̲סϲ¿Լãüëšһˣ
ֲ˲۾͵ղûɳӣ಻𣡡
Ϲѵõ¶һ˿Ц⣬˳ؿڣԼղŲ㶼Ҫࡣ
ȻɫݷܹˮĶҶ֮˸
˶ˣΪҶʺĹڲͬɽٵķʽҲǺͳ˴ͬ
׵壬ȴ׵壬ӲҪԼȫ飬Ȼһһȫµ塣
ʵҲˣ٣ʵҶİΪĪ絲٣ȻٵͬնȴҲӦٵһЩ顣
һ˿ıԴ֮һ硣
һκ͵ڶٵʱΪ죬뿴ܷеҲڣѾڵǵںϣӶתԼ
ֻϧεĳ֪뷨ǲʵ֣ȫ޷ںϡ
ˣ٣Ϳʼ׵ȥԼ塣
ղ嶼Ƥͷ£Ѫȴ˿ɢеѪǱ˺ɽͽɫ֮УΪ塣
ټҩȪĴڣǰʱ൱ҩȪѨλ֮УڲϻĹ̵Ҳڲܡ
֮ҶȫԼʵ;飬ɹ٣˾һɹĽԪҪĽ˵Ǵա
վҶϸĴԼȫµ壬֮ԶǰãԼȫһȭգһ̤ƴء
ָоʮֵܣȴȻһ˿ƺʲôõ齫Ҫ
ǿȥҶҲûзʲôԾĵطҲȥѰ٣ԼѾɹˣʦҲƽҪɱԼԼҲһƴ֮
Ҷ׼ʦǷϢʱʼվڿеȻڣʦܣСģδ
仰ʶķʽ˵˶ȻҲޱȵ𾪡
ҶԼԡ
Ҷ嶼ѾõܣҲһβٵȫˣôٻδ
ʱ򣬺Ȼ̧ͷ죬Ȼ쿴ƻδɢ
һ˵ֻҪٶ꣬ܳɹ񣬽ƶɢҶָ˰ˣƾȻδɢԾɺѹѹڱգѾ̫Ĺâ޷͸֮䣬һƬڡ
ղ˵ҶɵǾٵĹūҲãȻ죬ħ̲סֵ˵ǰô£
ȹūش𣬺ѹѹͻȻǶɫĽƣھȻýӲӣýӴɵһ㣬ɫâǵ䡣
һͷˮ̲סڵ̫ˣ
ūɫȻޱȣͷѵн٣
ĬĬĵ˵ͷ϶˹ū˵
н٣ڳĴ󲿷˶֪ˣ֮۶ɵ٣ֻǣҶѾ˾ôн٣
ħūǰղŻ˵һξ٣ֻᵽŴΣôУ
ūҡҡͷѵ˵ǰ٣
ҵľǾ٣ڷ˽ɵĽ٣ʦڻڶɽ٣һԳˡ
ɨһ۹ūˣȫᣬɫĻԼΪȻҶٻûнôҪɱˣܻܿû֡
䣡
ɫĽ֮Уٴν磬ֻε粻ǰɫǽɫ
ɫҲɺ۳һصĽɫ޽ȻǴеĽ֮콣
콣£ĽֱָҶ֮ϵɫ˸벻һɺ嫵ѹѹ˶
ҶȻ֪Ѿ˾ȴȻһ˿ԭԼҲǵùߵģò׳Ź˾٣û뵽Ȼһн٣ҿнٵƺȾٻҪ
콣ĹΧ֮£ǰзȫǿѹҶûߵĿܡ
ʦܣн򲻿壬ǵɵˣȫǿ⣡
ĴѣҶ˵ͷ˫鱧ţͬҲһ޴ʱܻгϣֱָ콣
ʵƽս۶ɵľ޽Կне콣


1454 ֮
䣡
Ҷʾ޽콣Խ⣬ݺݵײһ𣬷죬˿ĿĽ֮ϣͬʱһ˿˿ͬ֩ؼƣ£֮ϣӣֱ鲼

޽ͬʱը˿Ƭ˷ȥ
ȻÿһƬǺۣΪ̺Ŵ֮ÿһڷеĹ̵ж׵Ľռ˺ѣȻ֮УСǴգȻɽܵ˷
һЩֵ˵ҲڵƬĹ֮£ҵĳͬʱһƬĻҪЩƬס
ȻꡱϣǵĹĻȻƬ׶ҿм˷ӦϿ죬ֱӼ
˲ɫһƬ֮оȻ̲˿µ֪ղԴ֮ʱжôˡ
žžž
еƬǾ飬ʱҶȴ³һѪгѪ棬֧סԼ壬ȻҡҡλΡ
ȻȻҶɹ˾Ӳнٵĵһ٣Ͷ˲С˺
ֵģˣҶȴ¶һ˿΢Цƺʮ˷ܵӡ
ҶϢĻᣬɫĽ˲ɫͬһ˶ޱȵһ㣬Ө͸˿Ŀڽ֮УһɫͬһپᵽһȻȻ׹£
һ֦ҶïĴ̣ͨɺҶ֮϶Ǳ鲼·ۼ˸ǽһԿڴÿһƬҶ֮ϣЩ·ϳ˸ֲͬͼ
е͵ʥޣеǶķ棬еƮƲʣеͨĴ·
Ǵ˵еĵ֮
ϳ׵۶ɵĴȴɲԼ۾
֮ͬڴ˵֮Уû˼ɴȻɣ¶κ˵޼֮һƬҶܴ޵⣬ܹҶϵͼǳ
˵ֻһƬ֮ҶֵܵϰĿޣ
Ķû˼ҲûжĴڣڿ֮ļҵȴ¶⣬ΪǼ֮йأ֮ǵ֮ɵĹʵ
ȻҶѾӵ֮飬ô֮ȻҲ֮Ӧʵڵġ
неĵڶ٣ľ֮٣Ȼ׵۳ɵ֮ȻҲǴ󳬳ǵ
֮ڿͬʱҶ֦ͷƮɢ£ÿһƬҶӿ飬ֻ̺֮Ǳˡ
ͬʱҶĶĴ֮飡
ļ֪飬ȻҲȻ֮Ǽٵģ֮ȴ
ղڶɾ֮ʱҶ֮ᱻ׵ԽĴ̼֮顣
֮ԾҶ壬ҡֱϣֵһĻˣЩڿƮɢĵ֮ҶȻ֮Χ£˹˵ĸо֮˴ʶ
ˣ
һƬ֮Ҷոտ֮飬ͻһâ֮壬ĵ֮ҶҲͬˡ
Ƭ̹ͬѩƬ֮ҶȻһȫ֮ڡ
֮˿̻¾Ȼɫâÿһֻз˿ϸ紥һ㣬ѾҪ׹䵽Ҷͷĵ֮˹ȥ
ৣ
̹⽫֮Ȼ飬ǹһûһ˿Ŀ϶
ô£
鿴һԼĸ磬˵ˣ֮Ѿǵڶ׶ˣǵ׶ˣյ֮
µͷнеľ֮٣ľ֮ɣ֮˵õ֣ܹЩľ֮ȫգ¾ͻ׶ˣ
˵ͬʱͻȻȺ֮дһ˷ľ֮еǿþ޴ĵ̹֮֮İ֮¾ȻڿٵС
ž
̹ⶸȻը֮ȻѾʧ̹ͬһ㣬ٵص֮ڡ
ʱ˿̵֮飬ȻҲͨ徧Ө͸һصĹâ֣ӿл£ֱҶڡ
ļҼ߶һۣ˴һͷ֮ɹľ֮ڿҪҶڿʼɱˡ
һɹɱ䣬֮齫׶ΣΪһȫµ塪壡
Ŀɿڴ˴˶ͬһ⣬ѵ˵нٵĵڶ٣ҶǶɹȥˣ
Ȼɫֿʼ˱仯תΪһƬɫǵ١ˮ֮٣


1455 Īѹ
ˮ֮٣֮ٺ֮٣٣ȻԶ٣ҶӲǿźɽԼʵѵȫ¡
ѹҶϵ޴ɽʧ֮Ҷ֮Ѿѹ⽴ͷӶˣѳֵҵǣȻţ
ͷ֮ϣɫɢɽ⣬ͬһ̫һ㣬ҶɽҲǴ˿ĺԪڽ֮⡣
ǽɫ꣬ǺԪж̺Ŵ·âת쳣أҶߵı֮£ӿһɫ壬ʼĸԭ
ΧֵѾ𾪵Ըӣ޴٣ܹʮĵ٣ȻûнҶҿԭٶȣƺøʵԵߡ
̫ڳһ˵ʵղҶڳнٵʱǼ඼ҪɤˣһҶ޷˳ɹǺиְ͵Ϯ˳
ʱ֮ҶѾӦǱǰҪӵļͺǿԭȵѪɫл˻ҽȡһ״ϣڷ裬վ֮䣬ƺΪһ塣
ҶȻ̧ͷգܵӰ죬Ҳ̧ͷȥֻǶ޴ĽѾɢ˵ҶѾ˳Ķɹ١
ɹˣ˾
˿ڣ֮г˿ɬ
ĿҶٵ̣ûڵЩ֮ӽŮǳпһЩϱǿҲǧ
ҶһʮˣȻ˵Ǹո˾ʵ¶һЩĸǣٵĿֲ͸һܿģ٣ڳУһŻԼ϶޷ɹǰ١
ѾԿһҶʱʼˣ
ȻԸϣǸ֪ҶȻ˵ʵɣһп޶֡
ǱļΪ³£Ǳ۹صķȻǳ׵£ЩȻǰ;ǺܿϧǺҶһʱҪ𣬾ͱҪ׼ӭӣҴҶС
ʱ˿̣ɽ֮УͬɽһҶÿ˵鶼ƽ
ߣ
λսм˿ͻȻһߣϳԾԾ֮ɫƺѾɹٵҶȻҪһս
ĳȴǺݺݵĵһۣȻ˵ˣ֮д裬棬˭ʱһվȥҶɵ顣
¶ҶȻޱ飬ȴҲͬε¶һǿҵս⡣
Ϊļҵϣǰ¾Ѿ˶۷壬չس죬³أ˶Ϊûгɹʵȴֻļ
ȻҲûǰĵЦȡ֮֮ɫͬһֱڣҲûֱλң۹ȫˣʵһ
ĺҵĹҵĽǮÿ˶ܸоҶɢǹĪѹ
ֻǧ˪飬ڴ˿̲ûѹ¶ϲ֮ɫҶɹ˾ĵеˣȻҪԭǲûнҶɶ֡
ڸλǣҲȫѹΪҶĳɹ˵ʵͬҲѪһ
ӽ󣬻Ĵ֮УһǿĶ֣ңǰƷչȥĺпӱ
ҪǣҶڻᣬǳᣬдʱ䣬󣬸ǿ½ĻҶ£Ѫ¡
Ҳò꣬ͳҶʵٶȣ¼ʮ֮󣬾пܾˣ
ϷǺɱ
Ķ˼ڲͬʶȻ΢΢һ𣬵ȴɫû˿ı¶ֻ﷢һЦ
뵽δпֵܻѪһҶľ棬øж磬Ҫ־棬õĽǳЩϼһﻹҶûĳΪǿ֮ǰɱ
ֻǣҶûеֱӳ֣۹Ѫ֮ĳޣѾǹܣԣ뵽һ취Ǻ۹۹棬Լڰ֧֣


1456 кһ
ڸ˼һʱ֮侹Ȼû˵ʱȴע⵽ˣվڿУüͷ΢΢
ҶѾɹĶ٣ΪˣΪʲô¶ⷬ飬ѵ˵ҶʲôΣղɣ
뷨̲סٴ̧ͷ죬˿̾޴ĽѾɢɫҲѾʵľͷ̫΢΢¶ͷµһ켴ʼ︴գʲôΣգ
ڸղЩг͵ϮҶˣ˿ӦҲѾ˶ɱҶļƻϾٶˣҲˣйū̫λػ͵ϮҶܳɹ
ҶҲע⵽ı飬˵Ҳ֣ͬȻһ˿ƶʧˣҲʵ벻ԼʲôΣա
ϲ
˳ЦеĶҶ˹֣ͬʱ׼Ҷ߹ȥȻʱͻȻֱӽ˳˻ȥһСģ
ﬣ
ৣ


ˣ
ոµͬʱ֮ͻȻ죬ţɫĹâӿ˹ٶ֮죬ĿϾӡ
â˸Ųͬɫ磡
ڱɫкһ٣
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磬û˿׵Ҷ
ȫɵˣѾɢپȻûнֵ̫ͻȻ˸ûһ˿Ȼûϵ
οĻ϶ΪһҲȫ֮٣϶Ҫǿղŵн٣
ո޸Ҷ˲ֱûˣؼȫɫâ죬̫Ȼʧɫ
ȻҶҲǸû뵽ٽ䣬ǵ罫Χʱȴ¶һ˿Цͬʱ֮пӿʵƣӭ硣
ʵƺײһ𣬲ƻǾ춯أټɽȺȻըݣܵĸɽҲпֵǲòæ뿪˵ˣᱻ뵽֮С
¡¡
֮಻ϣܵɽʼһε£ʯҽա
Բ֮ڵɽ˲ĹȫúõɽȱһƬƽԭ
ԶԶ㿪ڶˣ޲Ŀ࣬ղܹʮ٣磬ͬХһ䣬û˴̣Ȼڽ羹Ȼôƻ̺ȻҲǿ֪
˿̣Ҳ޷͸е̳ʹâû֪ڵҶʲôһ
кһٲ޴ʱҲԶԶǰһ٣磬˽ӵʱ䣬𽥰ֱȫʧ
ǰû˸ɽûɽȣֻһƬͬʯһĶԫбڣһλصľ˽ܵɽȫ˻ľһ㣬ҵƵ˵ϡ
Ϊɽɽڵµģ¶ʯһҲн׵ĸ߶ȣҶȻͱʯ֮¡
ÿ˶Բ۾ʯǲ֪ҶǻϾкһٵʵ̫󣬾ҶܹŹȥǹЩɽҲܽҳ࣡
üͷһ̣Ȼ޷ܵҶϢ̲ס׼Զ֣ʯյʱ
ͻȻʯķ϶֮һŽɫĹâţɫɫɫͺɫֹâ
ʹâÿ˶֪еɫȻǾѵкһٻûн
ԭ׼ֵȴͻȻͣΣ·ʯ϶͸ֹâ֮еĺɫâ˫Ŀ
ΪɫâȻл·ô·˶Լ˵ΪϤѪ֮ƣ
Ǵ֮γɵĹâܻѪ֮ƣôҲ˵˿ɫĹâ֮
ɫĹâԽԽ࣬еʯ϶֮жйâֹâҲںһ𣬱˴֮һϵĽ֯ƣֱֹâ϶Ϊһ
ʵƣ
ɫĹâ϶Ϊһ֮ǿĿڹâ֮Уһ·ȻҶʵƣ
ҶȻܹ򵽵ʵƣе·һܽ·ټϲ۳ʵƣǹδֹ飡
һ̣ЦˣΪԼӵһʦܶеԺƺҲеˣΪʲôԼʦ֣ҪǰΪҶֲãܵƽǰĵ·
ΪҶĺпѪһűʮʱ


1457 ֮
䣡
ʵƹâըʯڵ֮ºȻըҶ⣬Ĵʯ
кһپȻûˣţ
Ҷڵʵǿ˺ֵز
ʯ߳ҶϲɫкһȻͻȻȴջ
ʵڸղٵһٵ콣֮ʱ콣гֳĽϵ·Ҷðһ󵨵뷨Լĵʵģеɫͬǿɲõٷֽ⿪е·Լھִֶ·
ҶĵƣںƣƣѪƣƵȵ·ĻγɵģڣȻ֪ҲиԵ·ȻԸԲ뷨
ֻϧ콣µٶʵ̫죬յһ˿ϵ·Ĺؼĵ֮ȫ֮飬ԺҲûʵԼ뷨
û뵽Ȼ˸кһ٣ǰס˻ᣬڱ֤Լ˵£ԽԼĵں·
ȻǾĶǣҳ˸ֱ΢һСĶܻΪǲô˵ǳɹˣ
ҶԼһ޶ʵƣǽһں·ٴοһ漣
ΪҶǾпѵʱ򣬸ովȻְȥ˷ӿɫƲʣм俿£ٴ۳һĽƣȻһγֵĽô׳ۣǴ˾ȴʵ˵ʲôˡ
ҶԼ̲סĿһ໰үǲˣûûˣ
ʮ٣˺٣Ȼֳ˽ƣƢٺҲܲˡ
Ǹүжĳ𰡣
ǰүҶǲݣ
٣ٶˣβ֪ʲôˣֻεĽƿǺܸ
ܽˣղٻûнأ
Ҷʵ֮ʱѾɿüͷȴٴšһ̧ͷעſеĽơ
¡
һֻж۴ϸĽɫӽ֮£Ҷݺݵȥ
磬˵ʵ˶еԾΪƺûʲô
˵ȣǱеĵһأҲҪࡣ
ڳ֮˾ûɹ٣Ҳ֪ٵһαһһαһ
ѵͬǰ˵ҶϷ飬һж԰ճƶϣ
ҶԼҲޱȣŽɫԼﻹĥǲǿ󣬵ʵȴأ
ʱҶҲд󣬱Ͼⶼǵʮˣ缴䵽ͷ֮ǰ̧ӭȥ
һֻѪɫƣȻֱӽǵɫץסûʲôۡһ죬Ѿʧ
ٵȻ˼£
Ҷʵ̲ס׼ѯһʦ⵽ô£Ȼʱ罻֯һƬ纣ͻȻӽ֮䣬ղҪࡣ
ҶȻδָڿһȻƬ纣пء
¡¡
֮УʼٶܼԽԽĽɫ֣֮ڽ֮룬ȻŸ١
ʱͻȻ׹ʦܣٲģ
ң
ֹҶ˶Ǳ仰˵סˡ
ңΪʲôһֱң
ͻȻһתҶҶ磬֮٣
󲿷ȻףǵļҺҶȴǻȻ
ղٵľ֮ɵĵ֮ľܻ֮ɣȫ֮ˣʱ¾˵ˣ֮ܿܽ׶Σ
ʵ֤˵ˣ֮ȷǽǺľ֮Լľ磬˵׶Ρ
Ȼ֮ǴȻĶ磬Ҫ뵽߼״̬ҪΪһȫµ壬ͬΪԣҲҪٵϴ
ֻ֮ٽµʱʵ̫ˣȻǽкһ֮ټǲҶڣ׵ȻҶŻ˶ΪȻҶ١
ȻҶˣⲢԼ٣Ҳæ֮ٻ˳г٣ǸղȺγ֣ɱ٣ڰ֮ɽ٣ԣܲңҲ޷ͬҪĳͷ
׳ֳһ磬ֱ֮飬һȴжʮ磬ֱҶ
ǵ͵ĳʧ꼰㣬֣֮


1458 
ȻҶĺˣȴֻεļ׵ϴͬʱҪע֮
˵ʵֱҶȻ֪֮龿һʲôġô˵ϾеģҲܹģܷ֮˳Ķɹ١
磬ͬʱ֮֫Դ֮ϣ޴ĵССȻܹĿڲΣȻǿտҲһεһ
ֹҶڳ˵Ŀⶼ֮ϣҪҶӵ˵
Ͼ֮٣ȻҶȸ˽ڵʵᱻ׵ˡ
Ȼ֮һݣƺһܽͱƣ׵Ĳϴ֮£ȴ
ͻȻ䣬֮׵ᴩ͸֮ӿֳһŵĽɫâ
Žĳ֣֮˫۾Ȼһ̣ٿȻһӰԶ
ҪɹˣѾǣȻ֪ˣ
ļ̫ϳ̲סΪˣԱκ˶Ҫ˽֮ؼľ飡
ȷ֮ڿͻҳ壬ԾҪܿСС֮ϵ磬ֻϧ㵽ٶж죬ǻ׼ȷ塣
˾ͿһĻΣһε˸Žݣϸıλãڶнµ磬Ҳƶλá
ԭֱֱ磬ͻȻŤһԣֻᷴתһͬèèһԭӦóΣպʹ̼٣ȻϲС
ڣ֮󣬽ʧ֮龹Ȼͱ͸״ٿһ·ɵҶǰ˸Ž۾ҶƴգţСС͸⶯ƺںҶ˵ϧҶȴκεֻãȻע
ļҼɹˣһһ壬壡
̫ϳҲ߽ͬĵͷǰʷĵһ壬һʱͿռķ򣬶κεˣڣҶʼеĽҶˣȻܹӵһ壡
ӽԺϵ£콫Σ·ҲߣΪҪϵͻƣֱ
˵ļҼȻסڲļҵ̫ϳҲǳʹ˸ɫĵͷ
֮ȻСҶϵ˵ʲôϧҶȴһ֮£̧ͷʦ
Ȼȴ֣ʦ־ȻûٿԼ̧ͷ졣
Ҷֻܿںʦ֣
ͷͻȻо䣬֮кȻһӰӣ
Ӱӳǰʱ˶ٴ̲סг
ڳӰӣȻ֮ǰһʧħԯ콾
ô£ôħ۲ԼڣΪʲôֽ˳
ħۺȻգգ۾ԭе˫֮оȻ˲ͬղŵ֮һˣ
Ҳǡȴĸо֮ǰħֻۣһܣڣ·Լʶ꣡
ǲܵ£Ϊħֻۣħһ˿ʶϢ۶ɡ
ƺӴ˵𾪻ǲʱȻڶħ۵ʦ֣ҵĲ²Ӧûʦܽˣ
Ȼħڽ̸
ħ۸ϵĵ˵ͷ·Ҷ˫֮оȻ¶һ˿ο
ҶҲɵˣãȻĶſеħۣȻнʱҶͼħӰ񣬵Ǵʱħۣȴоħ۱˳ˣ
ͬʱҶĶҲʦܣٻû꣬ΪĵѾԽĵʹԲ̵飬Իиӿֲٳ֣Ҫĵٵ
Ȼ翣ȴʵڣٸӣ磬Ǿ죬Ƿ˽磬һϵĵ
ͬףƿʱͿռķ޴ڣκζκҪѭ档
ȻҶĵѾҶĵչȥĻôпܻȡԭȵĵ
ԭȵĵζܽܵ飬Ҫ뾡һа취Ҷٵû˴֮ˣȻҲͲµĵ
üҺʹʦֻȫ㣬ԼҲһҪСģĴ֮
˵ͬʱоȻֳ칭һԵħۣȴǱһŭ𣬻Ѫ۳һƬʬɽѪľ
֮УһƬƬĴ·ｻ֯Ҷ˹ȥ


1459 
·ܲ֯һɽȱƽղűкһʯոһǣ̻Ϊ촷ۣû˿ĳ֮
Ĵ֮־۵֮ĵҪҶҴ˻ȥ
Ȼ˶ѾԶԶģǿŴҲܸ̺ܵĽڻԵ޿Ƶӿһɿ־壬ֱܿġ
ҶȻҪ촴̫˼ˣ
ǴСԲĳͷ
ҲִС֮Укܶྪž֮Լĵ֮֮֮֮ȵȡ
ЩСЩȻѭ֮ڴ֮УڴĹйȻҲͬܵͷԶҶȻҪ֮ˡ
Ȼ˸ӵ𾪣ֻܹСģҲһʦǧţҶȻҪȻڵĵ֮ϣȡ֮ʵţ
ؼ䣬ǿб֮٣ҪȡǵΪ֮١
ҶԼݷе㣬˷ϵ£е·ȫη޴Ĵ֮ѹԼҪ뱣Ҫȥֻгܲ͸Ĵٳһĵ·
ˣ
ɽٴγ֣ҶͷǱҶУ֮Ԫ۶ɵĽâ׸˿˿ԪҶֱ֮ӡ
ΪΪ
ͬʱѾ칭£Ѫɫϣ׼˴
ħԯ콾֮һ˫֮ѪⱩǣѰźʵĳֵĻᡣ
һĿҶ˿Ѿһôɽ󻯳ɵʯѾȫ촷ۣȻǴһѹĿꡣ
ŴԽԽܵѹҲԽԽȻؼһ˿綼ûУҶĳȴ裬Ѫɫ죬֮ϸѪɫ棬㣬峺ľеĺɽ
ڣ
طһɿңͬһѪɫڿлһڰͨŴȥ
ħԯ콾ͬʱ֣дȣʬɽ𶯣Ѫڣ˫ȭգѪâ죬ݺݵŴȥ
Ҷ쳤Хͬ쾪ףֱغʵƲңңײͬʱкɽֱĴ˳ȥ
ħۣҶλʦͬţȴȫͬʦֵܣһַԿ֮Ҫ˺ΪҶһ·
ʦֵ˵Ͼ˵ĹȻȫڴһϡ
䣡
촫𶯣
תͬһͷһ㣬ɿŴ֮ȥħԯ콾һ˫ȭͷͬɽڼͷԱߵ֮ϡ
ڲҶͬԺɽ⣬ĵļͷ֮
͵˼µֱӽҶܵĿռȫ飬¶׵ĺɫգҶҲվ֮С
Хڷ裬ѪҺڣ
˶Բ۾Ȼ˵϶ΪײòϵѪֻҪǾͲԸ⸱ʢ
˭ܹҪɱ飬˭ܹǿֿУ
ܷ˵˺
˶ĿԴ
ȻȻôǿ϶Ϊһ֮£ûܻһСҲ޷˺
ԾڰԭȵٶȣĳҶѹȥռѾͬһ鲼һ嵽һ𣬶еҶǿ壬ȻҲſռļѹΡ
ͷÿ죬һ˿˿ѪϺë֮ѾһѪˡ
ʦܣס
ٴ乭һ֧ݡһȻֱֱǰһ֧β
ﬣ
ײʹĶһ£ϸͣŹңһ
ﬣ
ﬣ
һȻеܹ֧ȫ˳ȥҰ֧βÿһ֧ǰһ֧βˣֱֱųһУÿһ֧Ÿٵת
ǽԼƼΪ˽һ֧ļͷƽ֮С
ūļң
ܹоŸԼ˰˸һ˹ū֧꣬Ȼûб˺ŹūҪһ֧
Ȼ仰ո˵꣬ͻϣͻȻһѪʹӿȾһİ¡


1460 
ѿĿɿڴż֮ǶĿõģŵ˵ܹһ䴩񷡣
ȻѾ֧ȴȻû䴩ʵǷ˼顣
ǣȻѪˣ
ūȻԸ⿴ԼˣȴҲΥ˫һ֧ǰ֮УˣһūͰɣ
һУɵУȻ˹ūһ۵£
˵֮һ칭û˿ԥĽһ֧˳ȥ
һ֧칭ͬʱȻһƬѪɫ棬ȼתŷ˳ȥ
ﬣ
֧βһֱߣһ֧ϵĻ棬Ȼ˳ȥȻȼǰİ֧
֧ͬתٶȺƵʣڴ֮Ϸתʱħԯ콾ű鲼׵ͻȻҶ¶һ΢ЦȻ͵һסǰ֧˾Ȼżʸתͬת
Сʦܣڣ
λħһ仰
ΪʧҲΪһ壬ӿ˵һ֧С
䣡
һ֧ڳɹĽһҶ룬ɫƷӵӲĽ˺ѵĸȻλζӶ˳ȥ
ʦ֣
վ֮ҶȻͬԡѪ˫ĿȴĶȻǶ֮ϵǵһ֧૵ĵ

Ҷ˳һȻһѪ
ʦ֣
Ҷعǳ΢΢һЦ˰֣ǲư꣬ЦͻȻסˣ
Ϊʱ˿̣ոձ˺ѿһ󶴵Ĵ֮ϾȻĿĹâ֧Ȼ֮ϵ𶯣뱻˳Ҳϡ
⻹㣬ȻתҶѹ˹ȥ
ܣ
æҶ𣬶ҶʵѾʼˣǲϧ˺գðűɵΣգҪߡ
Ȼȴ˲Ѿ˽ǰնεĸѹպ¡죬ȻըһƬ
ȻҶҲ޿ɱĸ֮£
ħԼҶ֮żħ۲ϧԼԼУźò׽˺ѿһ϶ȻڣȻһεĽҶ
ͻȻı仯Χȫ뵽˾޴𾪵С
ˣһҶǿ϶ˣ
ʵֲ̫ˣżħԯ콾ļȻܹʱ˺ѿǵʵҲǿĿˣ
ûðǿҲΥҪҶ˭ҲȲ
ڣûٿҶܹȻɹһ٣ҲȻ˵ҲͬеǳһеֻеȴȻˡ
ЩҲǷдͣǾͲðȥɱҶҶѪǵѹɢˡ
顢顢飡
ͻȻһҵײ˼æѭȥֻѾΰסҶ˿̾ȻԾûзԡѪŭĿӣԼ˫ȭݺݵǰ
Ҷ˫֮϶ųʵƣҲ޷赲·һһɼǵ˿ڣͷĥ顣
ɽٴηٵҶͷͷųޱߺԪ˵ֿߴ
ֻϧɽȻ޼֮δΪʥʥܹڴ֮Ѿܿɹ󣬸ٻסҶԣھҵĲš
еŬƺͽ͵ģȻڻٹƬ̣ҶͽѹķǣҲ޷ѣԶʧ
ʱ˿̣Ҳû˰취żΪɵĶش
ȻԾûз˫üͻȻڶҶ࣬ҿܷ罫
Ҷ϶ȻʮŵѪɫƬѪѪɫٴγ˵ǰ
ֻΪܵļѹС࣬ˣ¶ʱ򣬾ȻƵĴٶ΢һ
Ҳ׼ͷųԼ磬ܷ񽫴Ҷ磬Ȼ취ݻٵʱ򣬳û뵽һĻ
ҶһΣȻԼԻ֮У̤ӿѪͷѪɫ񷣬һħһء
һ̣Ŀ࣬ΪʹţҶѾԼĳ࣬ɹܻһ磡


1461 Ѫϴ
˶Լ۾Ϊһȫ˴Ϊ
ྐྵȻܻ磿
ôܣۻ죬¾Ҳ޷һ㣬ֻ죬˲ɣ
ѹִ˼ҪɱҵĻҲϣ
ȻҶȷӵһС磬ǲȫԼĹͣѪİ
Ѫһ磬֮ǰҶķʽܹԻҶѾ˾ȷܹʵԻ
ղҶѪ֮󣬾ȻֵܹƬ̣ԥľ˽ȥѪ֮ͬԿ֮
ȻѪܹʱŴѹٶȷŻⲢҶĿԸˡ
Ѫ֮УҶȻھԼһܵʹ֮
ѪҺڣ۽̫֯ͼѪȻײս۳޾ɽҶƳأ赲ļѹ֮ơ
ϵʥлӶϵ֮ϣϵʥ۾ͷųޱߺҪˮϵʥ䶦ҲҶͷҶ
صʱ̣ҶҲ˲ϲ˽ˣĽԼеȫͷ˳ȻΧҲ̾Ϊֹ
ɽĳ־ѾĽˮˣȻû뵽ҶϾȻʥһһı
ֻϧҶôǿ̣Ȼ޷ݻٴͬʱ߶ôټ廹ҪܴѹȣҶѾ˱ıԵ
Ѫ֮˺ۣ˿˺ϣ˺ͷٶϣٱɷĩ
Ҷɫ⣬Ըڴ֮£
һרȻ֣һ粻죬ȻС
׼Լеķƿ
пٳĶ磬ӵжķ֮ⷽ統У߾޵еĴڣһ֮Իأ︴գֻǲ֪ܷԴЧ
ʮ̫⣬ܼͬһǵصڴ֮ϣӣǧ֦ͬǧֻƣƵ飬ȫҪ˺
ȻһеŬͽͣͬɽ֮еҶͬѪڣѾʼѹԽԽС
˫۽Ⱪ䣬ͻȻߵԱߣ£ſھһѪ֮ϣȾ˴·
ķ֮ʼЧȻʱס˴ļ˫ĿԲüѿɫԾ鲽һŴȥÿһ£Ѫ֮ƺͷ֣֮綼ܵӰ죬ҵĲ
ҪѪϴ
˿ͼ
ѪϴǽԼڴ֮УӶʵܹĿġ
ھɱ׵ɱΪᱻɣתΪһ֡
ɱһȴֻ϶Ϊһӵɵǿп΢һ´
ˣ
ūȻĹڵأòײڳ˯֮ѹȻΪҶȻϧԼ
ȻѾҪԼȥҶ
һŴȥÿһͻһѪڴ֮ϡ
û취ʵ̫ǿҲֻԼѪǰ
ʱҶҲѾĿģ۾˿ڣĴţʦ֣ҪңҪң
ΣҶϣΪԼκ⡣
ѾѪȾ죬԰׵ڴ˿¶һ˿Цݣԭͷĺڷۿɼٶȱɰɫͬһѩ˪
תۼǲ˰꣡
ۣ
һѪֻһ֮ң
ֻҪͻУȻҲǣԶʧ
һ̣ضһƬ˶ĬȻЩһֱܹȥǣʱҲ˵κεĻ
һۿҪ䣬һֵñ飡
ҶȻҲЦˣ¶һΪõЦݣſͣ˵˾仰ʦ֣أ
У
ȻɫһѪɫһֻľ룬ϾҪ
ȻʱȴͻȻǰһ壬Ȼһ̤գû

Ҷһҽ𣬰һɾĿ𣬴ͻȻ˼£


1462 
ؼ侲˼£ţ˶ĶѾ˼СĴ
˿֮У˸ҫ۵Ľɫâ˸޷̽ΣҲ⡣
ֻмСĿռ䣬СĻκ鶼ܴôСĿռ֮У˵ˡ
Ҷ
ٳѪ磬Լʥͺɽѵڴļѹ֮£˷飬ޣ
Ҷû뿪ķΧ˶Ŀã廯ƬҲ޷͸Ƭĸǡ
ĬȻҲͬ˵ܣ궼һƣ˿С
һĻݷΪ㣬ͬԶĶ˵Уǧ֮Ȼ˼
һЩ䣡
ʧ˿̵ңȥԼҲԸҶʧؼ䡣
ˣ
֮½ع
ǵģˣҶվδ죬ʵֻ˾ѾɹˣֻϧΪ˴˴֣֮
ҶҲһ˽ܣδĳɾ²ħ۵ˣֻϧԾǹһ񰡣
˺ãһ˰ˣߣҪ촴ǳΣɻ
ڵ֣ΪҶеϧȴֻȻҲȻˣѾ
Щ˵ŷˣ̫ͷħȻŽɫâĴǵӹ
ʱǸľǿߣѡȥ̫ӣΪ֪ڵ̫ŭգͲ˺սһ
ɫȻҡҡͷ˿еĺꪺ塣
ĳĶԾûʧĴȻûб飬ȴҲǳϧ
˳˫ʮָݱҶˣһֽɫиܣһˣˣ
ǧ˪Լʦϣû˿ˮѾģ˫ۡ
ɴ¾ԭͬˮ鶯˫۸ֳһƬ֮ɫ
˫Ÿ֣֮¶оһ˿ʹȴûз˿š
ȻͽǿϴŲмЦǹ˼ɵڵƣǶ̲סҪЦ
ҡͷпǧ
˰̬ͬ
Ȼ֪һжѾȴԸ뿪ǶڵȣŴʧſβ
Ҳ˹ɫ߻ԼüģҪվǾȻ˼δվǹū˹ȥס
˿̵ȾѪ˿ѩף˫޹⣬λ£޵еƺѾ뿪ˣľһλĺߣɡ
˵ʵ˿ӣúܶ˶һ꣬ūѾݺᡣ
Щмɵĸ˵ȴ˷Ϊ˰ҶǴԪˣ˵˿ǰʮ֮һĹûˣҲɱõĻᣡ
ԥҪҪԿ˳ֽҪȱҪɱ̫Ǽǿߡ
ڷ׼ǰϵļλľǿǣһ¸ɱʱͻȻˣ
һ˦˹ūĲŲĵǸСĴ˹ȥ
ˣ
ūһ׷ȥסͻȻˡһŴ֮͵سһŽ⣬ֱ˹
ţ䡱һը𣬴СһԲ㣬׵ɢˡ
ԭ˶ΪѾˣ˭Ҳû뵽Ȼֱʣʱ뿴Ž⡣
⾹Ȼֱӷɵǰͣͬʱâɢ¶һͬһΡ
֮飡
һ㶣̶׹ѹִǰ֮ɼСԭΪ֮С
֮ʧ
ħۺҶ㾡ȫҲ޷Ȼ֮龹ȻԲô󲿷˶е˼顣
ǣļҼ̫ϳȴǶһۣ˴˶¶Ȼ֮ɫļҼǰ˵֮ѾΪһȫµ壬ʱͿռķκεãܲܵӰ죬ȥ硣
ֻ֮ţҶȴԾˣ
Ȼۼ˷һ˿ԣ֮͸֮УȻһ޵ĺɫ
ʲô
ͬʱ֮ſͣһ˵㵸˰֮ȻԼڣ׵סǵ޵ĺɫС
ǺһѪ


1463 
֮еȷһѪ
ڱ˵֪֪ѪζʲôѪȴ¶һοЦݣ
֮ôһѪòҶİɣ
ӦǣҼǵøղҶһѪ״òһɣ
ǳôѵƾһѪܸɣ
ˣ
ǵѪͻȻƣ˿Уҷͬ΢΢Ƭ֮󣬶ȻųһƬѪ⡣
Ѫ֮УһͻȻֳȻѾòǧٿףȴĿǸ˺ȻҶ
ҶȻû
Լĳ֮У
ⲻܣ
֮ųֵģһ˵ΪʵôܽԼڳ֮У
ͺñ㽫ԼԼһȫǲʵʵ飡
ȷʵʣѪҶĳѪ
Ҷʮ⣬ѪΪһ壬Ĺ̵кͳΪһ壬ڽԴʱѪΪ˱ҶȻͳ˳
ڿеҶѾ֪ղڴһˡ
ҶΪ˲Լͷڷ˶ԴĵֿȻ飬̿ʼѹҶ
Ȼû뵽ؼʱ̣Ѫӳз룬е㷴ΪζҶ˽ȥȻ֣֮֮ѪؽԼڡ
ԵҶҶ֮ʧ֮󣬴ȻҲ͵ʧȥĿֿ֮꣬Բܿռʱ䷨ãԴ֮
֮Ѫ֮֮£ôΪҶӶɢ
ҶȻһϢֻа벽֮ңǵѪ֮ҩȪѸͷųɫ壬ΰƣͬʱҲʼڳ˹ȥ
֮飬ȻɵҶͷ֮ϣϥƺҲڰҶˡ
һĻٴסˣ˭ҲûϵҶȻķӹ˴Ʋã
ȻҶ϶ˣղѾķŻضӵһЩˣֿʼܵɽѹ
޷ɱҶ˵ҶʵˣҲǺõ˼㣬һǿвڣܶԺӶù
ͻȻһ紵˷һĿʼֻߣ˲Ϣ֮ѾǹǺ񷡣
ৣ
ҶǰͻȻһɫͬһĶ±鲼ӫķ̣ڿпתǿֲĿǴڴ
ɫ֮ռŰ񲻿ɵ
ٴ𺧣Ȼ˸ͬʱҶ֣ǵ죡
ڵȷǶɱҶɱûᣬղΪҶżѪѪϴˣʵۿۣҶȻûǶʱڣҲһˣһ
󵨣
ū̫ͬʱŭһӰҲûϵ֮˻ʱֶԸҶԷӦ˰ģ˿ĶŵÿҪɤˡ
ߣ
ͻȻһߣг칭ȻûԾңٿȻɿ

֮£ȻһεˣݿһɫӣӲĽ顣

ղʧٴſҶ֮統Уȴվڽ⣬칭
Ȼɫ԰ףȾѪ˿˪ȴȻ͸¶бµİɫĮȻעˡ
һ;ƿݣҲݲñ裬Ծ޵У
˶̲ס˿Ѿ˵زȻ׷һλǿߵĹԷ촷ۡ
ۣ
ū̫ʱҲѾ嵽ߣٴνͺꪼ˳˸͵ϮҶ³Ի᲻ϧ߶
£֮ƺٷϾг֮λǿػ˺ƾһ˵ǲܽô˵ġ

ȻеҶһţȻ
Ȼϵ·ѾòͷҲݲݣһ˫۾ȴͬҹһ㣬ԣ
ҶȬˣ
֮ѹ㶼⽴ȻǾȻܹô̵ʱھȬ˶۾
ļ֪󲿷Ӧö֮Ĺͣؼ䵮ľ飬ӵ޷
Ҷѣ˳һ֮˷ܵڿзͷȻֱҶڣʧ
Ҷһ磬뿪ڣͻȻɫһۿܵȺΪܵǿҵɱ⣬Լӿ


1464 һ
ҶɹɹԼ٣˾ҸһĴӴ׷ɱ֮ѳ
ֲǣȻڴһɹպ죬պ޾أѭҶĵ
ȻɹĿʮֵͣڷ֮һĸʶûУҶʵٴպȻչɱ
ٴڿҶǰ;һƬȻҲΪڳ󲿷δľУ곤ףҶĿ֮жɱ⣬ֻɱҶĵδǰĵ·Żƽ̹ࡣ
ˣЩ˺εĽԼɱͷ˳۳ɺҶΧ
ȻҶȴǺ޾⣬ʮּԻص٣δܽɱηЩˡ
Ҷ˿Ŀ棬վǰƽɨķ
ȻĿǰҶʵȴѾµķɣ
һȦ֮ҶĿ»صϣŷ˿ѩ̬ϵҶһȣͨһǰ
ǰҶԼѾ͵ֿȴûзϧȼԼΪۣҶƽ
Ҷʦ֣ҲǳַԷθĹģΪ
ʦ֡
ҶĻƣ̬Ե¶οЦݣ˫֣Ҷʦܣ֮ˣڴ󹦸ɣϲɺأ
ǲˣ˵ô仰֮ȻͿʼ˴Ҷæסʦ֣˵ˣǻȥʥҩȽκ˵
ģˣȻ״̬ȷãҶڳɹһ󲽣ȴʮֵĳ죬ҲûоܾҶ飬Ĳ֮£׼תٷ塣
ȻʱһЦͻȻܵȺ֮дҶȻѾˣ֪ɸһս
ͻȻˣҶѾ˾ʵɣպ󲻸˵ԵУҲԻӭսȻû뵽ȴѡʱһսô˵ƾ塣
˼æѭķȥֻ˵ĲǱˣڽǸսмƵˡ
ܵ˵Ŀ⣬Ҳܻ䣬˳նվưҶĿ֮гƣĿһеĿ
˿֮󣬱˴˼䶼֪Ҷ˽սǽڳ֣սҶ֣֮ȻΪսġ
˵˶ǲΪһΪľսȻҲǿΪսĹâ̫ҫۣǶڵסˡ
ڣ˼ȻҶѾΪ˵ҶսôȻҲߣֻԾ޷ţѵսҪǿ
ʱѾ˶ĺѯʣ֣λǽʲôˣ
ͽϵãʶˣĺҲûлرܣ󷽷ĵڸ꣬սĵܵܣ
սĵܵܣôû˵
Ǻǣĺ΢΢һЦΪڸ겻ʵԸ񣬶սҪǿ֮ʱ壬һС壬̾ͱ˴˻ȥϼӿܣ뿪ڰ벽Ȼԡ
ĺĻʻ֮˲㽫°͵˵ϣѪڸģǴԲ˵ǵĳȻ󱻰𣿡
ǲǽΪ˱ڸųҥԡ
ǣôģȻǿĸֻмģڸ궥ʮɣ
һ֪ˣ
ĺ˸ûټ˵
ˣҲ˶ڸĿ࿴ˣλȻΪʵ̫ǿټԸ̫ŰԲŻᱻѩȻΪ˸ԼֳڸҵҶ
ڸսҶȻ޾壬û飬Ͼ˼أҪ콫ͻȥȻԵҩƣ˰ֵ˼ûգ
ߣûգǲң
ڸ꾹Ȼƣͱˡ
ҶһâȻûҪֵ˼ȻȻ΢΢һЦҶȥɣҲ뿴жǿ
ⲻ뷨ڳ˵Ķ֪飬Ҷھжǿ
΢΢ԥһ£Ҷ˵ͷūǰס
ҶҲٶԣ򵥵һȻ׵ľ룬һسɴʵﵽһ֮򵽣ڳôˣܹľԲʮˣ
ڸǰҶƽĵְɣ


1465 ̫
ڸ꿴ҶĿ֮гһ˿죺ѵͲ˭
ҶҡҡͷûбҪܿ콫ҵһ°ܽÿһҴܵˣҶҪ֪ĻҪ
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ڸԱҶĻ׵ļŭˣ£ͻȻԲһɫĴĿҶ
ĥ̴С¶ȴǸߵˣֵͬʱΧĿʱȼ
һĻ̫Ϲ϶¶һɷŭɫͬʱҲһ˿𾪣Ϊ֪ڸĻ򣬾Ȼ̫
̫𣬿еĶˣ¶ߣһ˸߶޷˵ˡ
̫˵̫ȴΪʥ𱻹УΪ̫˵⣬ÿ˳֮ʱڶѡеٮٮߣȻһ˿̫
Ĵ֣̫ս֮£æסأȻҲ̫ʧˡ
Ǿ˽̫𣬻Ϊ̫˿أȴԹ鷢
˵ʵ̫Ϊ̫ѾʧΨ̫֮вŻڣ̫ǣΪϹĳɳպлĻգǰ̫֮ΪϹȡһ˿̫
Ȼû뵽ڽڸϣȻٴο̫𣬶ҴǰڸѾ̫𳹵շٿˡ
ʵڸ֮ǿ󣬾ΪʼΪ⣬˵츳ںСʱоһ˿̫𣬲ҳɹ뼺ԲŻѪķƾ̫𣬽һȺճ˻ҽ
ڸ̫꣬ĲѾӵ죬ʵֳֻ߲ͣȻղгҪսҶǱŰƢ˭סһҪΪ籨
ò˵ƾ̫ڸڻһк޼ɣֻϧҶ
Ҷֻܽ潫Ԫճں̫¶ȣ
ųԼĴҶ㲻ȵ˽ǰͻȻſͣһ
һ̫ĻͱҶڣһĻҶԼ̲ס˵ʳֵΡ
˶йעһսҪҶµʵЩǿǣΪֻ֪֪ˣսʤҶĿܣȻȫĿɿڴ
ڸҲ΢΢һֶҲֻô㣬һЦ˫ƽ죬ųɽ⡣
֮УֳĽɫëϸͻ֣ᷢÿһë涼һɫ̫
ڸһ֣еëҶ˹ȥǵأޱߣͬһƬëĺһ㡣
ۣ
ë¶ʵ̫ߣ֮вϴͬѰҶߵĿռССĺڶڶ֮оȻҲнɫð
Ļ澹Ȼܹյȼ
𾪲ѣڸ壬ǽڣȻܹ̫Լëںһڵȼգȷſʱ
Χ¶ȵļǵسĻҶԾޱ飬һȻʹԭʧڸǰ
㡭
ڸ𾪣ΪξɱҶٿ϶ܹһ˺û뵽Ҷ֮ȻΧ֮£׵ͻΧ
飡
ӦҶȭͷɴڸϣֱӸ˳ȥ
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һ֮ڸ궸Ȼ˱࣬һֻٳʮ׵ľ޴ڣȻֵǣͷ֮ϣȻһ̫״ڣ
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ǹ˼ݣ̫ڶ޲óȥɱڸ꣬Ҳ֪ڸߣȻ̫ǿ߱
Ҷ̫ǵųԼڸ꣬ҡҡͷڣҲԾֻѣⶥڣʱԭˣ
̫Ȼһɫ·ӹڶϸ֣ͬһСһԽԽߣֱȻ۳һ־޴Ľɫ̫
̫·

Χ¶ȶȻ˰ٱֹ̫˶ҪȼĸоҼԭأæȥ
Сģ̫·۳ɵ̫̫ͬһɿ
̫֮£ҶҲڸܵ˲Ϯˣд˫ֽ֯ʵƸֶ
Ȼʱ֮ͻȻ¡һ죬ɫͻ䣬ɶõƣ


1466 ҷɻȥ
˻ߵĺ仰֮쾹Ȼǹ˿еĹ֮˶һ׳ʲô顣
ʵҶʩչʵƵͬʱоĪӿһǿҵΣУԵʱ򣬼̾ɢʵƣͬʱμˣͬӰһ㣬˲Ϣ֮Ѿ˵ǧ֮⡣
˵Ҳ֣Ҷɢȥʵ֮󣬿еȻ˲ʧǹΣҲǵȻ޴档
Ҷˣڸɲ׼ôŹ˫һ񣬽̼ٴζ̫嵽Ҷǰ
Ҷһʱ֮Ҳ׷ʲô飬ȴǲʩչʵƣˡһɽѾ壬ͷԪͬٲһк£λס
Ԫĸ֮У·ԳһƬ磬̾ͽ̫ͷų̫ȶȺ͹ͳͳ˿Ҷһ
Ҳʩչˣͷɽο磬ԭʧһͳڸ걾ͷϣ߾ȭͷݺݵ̫ȥ
䣡
Ҷȭͷ֮Ѫ죬̫Ȼֱӽ飬ɫâͬȪˮһ㣬˷ɽȥ
ţҶһȻվڸԴ֮ϣٴξȭͷݺݵȥ
˵ڸλѩضˣͨˣһֻͻȻվͷϣҲ־޴裡
ɺҶӿڸڣ޷ΣȻڸʱ˷ľأӴ֮Ȼɫ̫ͬʱӿ˷еٶȣ·𻯳һ⣬ټĿкֱײ
¡
ڸ꾶ײһ޴ɽɽ嶼ӲײСأϣܹҶŪ
ȻҶ˫ž˸һվڸͷ̩ɽ˿ͬʱȭͷһȭһȭȥ
Ҷ֮ǿԭͬ޵Уʮٵϴ֮õܣһЩǿ߿¶ҺӲӲ
ȻҲޣҲǿǺҶһȣֱС׼ףûпɱԡ
ˣҶȫ֮£ȭѾڸѪðǣӴҲڿҡҡ׹ۿžҪˡ
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໣
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ٲȥҾͽëȫι⣬һֻëڣ
Ҷ˿ֲвڸھͷˣȻʮֵĶǱëڣҪ΢ÿһ㣬֮£ڸѩصţòҶԹԵķ˻ȥ
˿ҶŲȽͷȻվͬһսһ㿭ʱȫɵˡ
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ɣ
ҶڸͷϷ£ͬʱץסǶ̫ڣ֮һĳڸ˳ȥ
ڸûˣɴҶƷ磬һ⣬ٵĳʣת۾Ѿʧˡ
ڸʧȺ֮ĵ𣬽ҲʧʣȻǶǽˡ
ղſڸ걻ҶĲӣȻҪǰ̫ͷħ˿ʱעǣֻҪǸ˿춯⼸λԲŹǡ
ҸҪǣ⼸˶ı㣬֪Լ˳ȥ̫ǣھ氵еһЩ˵ڻңǾԲġ
ڸ꣬λսҪǿţںҶ֮ȻûܵʲôˣѾˣɱҪܡ
³ɺ֮£϶ýҶ֮ǣպȻҶһ󾢵С
Ҷȴûзϣ岻̫г𣬶ҶҲǺ죬Լ֮䣬ǲݵľ档
Ҷֽ̫ڵݵϹǰ֣ԭ


1467 Ļ
Ϲ鿴ⶥԼʥ̫ڣȻûиȥӣҶӲС
̫ڣϹƬ̣ݵ̫ǰ̫˫֮оȻһǿȴĵȻˣպˣסҪжʧˣ
̫ػ̫壬˵ʵ̫شȻҲǶҶ˸м
ʱȴͻȻڵʦܣǻȥ
ã
Ҷס̫ٴĿ⻷ΧһۣȷûҪԼһս֮ת뿪
ѪһȺ˵뿪һսĻ
ҹ﷢飬ȴڳÿһӡԺʷС
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٣٣кһ٣֮ɾȫ壬һ䡭
ȻҶоգӴ׷ɱ֮ҲԤʾڻڣһȫµʱҪ
Ļ죬ȻųأΪѾܾû¶棬³Ⱥ۲ľ档
֮˴ѹƣ˴˿ƣܵıһ΢ƽ⣬ͬʱҲŬԼһϣܹһλµۣӶۻ졣
ҲĶϣΪһУʳȺų֣еֹһˡ
ȻҶʽ˾һжƣҶɽΪǿ·ϵһλС
ȴҲ˲ΪʱŵһλЦݵµʵҶɹ٣ôҪˣѵͲΪĵ𣿡
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ôҶ
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ȻȴҶôߵۣίʵеϣ
ºȻѹϣѵ㻹ħۣʥܰƷʦڣЩʮǰݺĳǿǣǺҶԴѪһţ˵ôʦΪҶҶֹܽڻ𣿡
УǰΪ˾ҶϧԼѲ³ҶѪһŵҪԣ֮ϣԣҶֻҪгһտ϶ǰߵ죡
ϺȻԼˣЩԼһʱ֮侹Ȼû뵽뵽ˣ棬ͬٷľ꣬ϵ¶һ˿οЦݡ
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ڣȺɢȥ֮ڣѾЩ﷢һȫ˳ȥ൱һʱ춼̸¡
ҶҲصѪĽ˶ߣҶˡ
ʦ֣пȷ£Ӧе⻹һҩҲպãͷϣܹ
õҩʱҶ;ҪұҲǱ˴ĹеģҲԭܾ
ӹһµҳˣҩߣϴ˵㻹õһֻ棬ֻҪҩ͵ڷһҩȻܱ
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֪֪ղΪʲôҪɢ˵ƣ
֪˵£ҶȻҲǹΣгʧΣ˵˳
ͷָоǾ˵ƲĸûдˣʦܣˣȻûѳ׷ɱ


1468 Ÿ׶
ʲô
ҶȻվ
ڴ֮Ҷ˱󼰵ᣬǾһΪ֮ĳ֣Լ
ȻԼȻδܰѵ׷ɱ
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Ƭ̺֮Ѫ˳ĺϷƭΪѾǣ򵽵ĵƣ֮ǰģ֮ں·֮ģеĵģڵĴ㣣ֻҪʩչƣͻ֣ᷢӶɱ㣡
ղûֹ㣬´̾ͻ֣ʱ򣬾֮Ѫһܹپһˣ
Ҷסˡ
˵ʵϢ˵ɲʲôϢȻȻǿĽĸڵ磬˽֣ȻҪʩչ·
·ÿ˶ڵ⣬һҲһ˫սĵ֮
ֻжڴ·ļܸһ򵽷֮
ʩչ·ԼʵĵˣǲʲôΣգҪǿߣǽɾȫͬˡ
Ҷ㲻ǾԵУҲǵ˱鲼£ӣϱǿǻڸֱӳ֣һ뿪죬ʱЩϼһǿɾûκι˼ˡ
֮ҶٵΪ
ҶǺܿʵЦŵʦ֣ûƽİ취ʩչƣҾͱʧȥצϻ
ͬ¶˿Цûʲô취Ͼңʦ˼ң¶Ҫܵ޷ѡ
ǾȲˣȵʱ˵ʦ֣㻹ǸϽ˰ɣ
ҵƲõģҲҪ뿪ˣʦܣһãҾͱˣͬҲע⵽ˡ
ǿԶһʱģǰΪ˰סҶƽӲʩչֶΣѪϴ֮ĺòǰ뿪ȻĻͬҲܵķɡ
֪
ҶĬĬĵ˵ͷȻ֪һû뵽ô졣
ˣĺɽ֮ҿ
ɽҲ޲ڣҶһҪú𲽳ɳпܳΪһʥҪǣԵģ
Ԫ֮ʼܻ֮ûԣȴֿԿȫԣպ󾿾жƲ⡣
֮飬Сһȫһ͸Сˣһ˫۾֮ӣȥʮֵĿɰ
ҲԼ֪й֮һиҶ˵һʱͻȻͣ£¶һֹɫջȫг֮鱾ؾ飬覣δ֮ʱ֪ܹԷΪŸ׶Σ
ӵʶΪ֮󣬾׶ΣʱͿռӰ죬ˣһ˵ɴڵĻô֮˵ھŸ׶εʱ֮ͻһ죬Ϊ˵еɣ
Ҷίʵû뵽֮龹Ȼôͷ֮Ĺʵصľ飬ܹɣ
ʱȻ̽һСԴͬʱһ֮𣺡Ҷ磡
Сݣ
Ҷ̸ʱ򣬳֮⣬Ҳû˸Ҵˣ
Ҷ鲻ԽĶһۣ˱˴˶һΪСݵľ벻ᳬʮףǾȻ˭ҲûвСݵϢ
Ȼˣʵۿۣûܹʮ׷Χ֮ڶֵġ
ҶعתͷȥСֵСݣɣ
ֵͬʱҶ׼֮Ȼû֣֮ȻԼǳҶڣǻһâСݡ
һ˲ѣ֮ѾſСݵļϣ˫ֻȥСݵһС֮Ц棬Ҹ
֮ھһСкӣԴ˿̬˵ʵΪ
СݱͻȻ֮һڿС֮󣬶ʱҲüЦ㰡˵ôͻȻоֶرأ
仰Ҷ̲סٴζһۣ֮Ĵڣ޷оĵСݾȻôԶܷ֣һһ·˹
֮СݣǶǿԳʱ֮Ĵڣ֪עֻɺϣ
Сݽ֮ģЦеֲŪǺǻһֻһ֮龹ȻҲܡ
⸱濴ҶУôôеŤһСŮһƴĹƨɵСк
ʱСݺȻ̧ͷҶҶ磬ܵ˵ԺҪˣߡ


1469 ͥ
֮˵ҶѾ֪ˣֻ֮˵˿˵ʲô
ȻСݾȻܹ˵ʲôҶ鲻Խٴζһۡ
ӣ֮ôϲСݣСܸôԶľӦ֮ĴڣⲢʲôɺϣ֮䣬ȷĳϵ
ֻǶ֮ҪСݣҶǲͬģΪ֮Ȼ޼֮ͬҲΪڶȡĶ֮˭ϣ˭ͻΪʸ֮ģӶ鷳пΪ˶֮СߣʵϵǺ
ȻҶҪܾʱȴĴʦܣӦɣ
Ҷ΢΢һȻڣȻ⣬֮£ֻܵͷԣСݣ򲻿㲻ʶ˷Ĵڣ֮飬֪ӦҵˢûµʱҪ֣ΪСݴΣա
ҶӦСݺ֮ϲԼͬ¶˷֮ɫһĵͷ֮ȻСݵƣڿһ͸֮ӿֳһɫ
ȵɢ֮֮֮ϺȻѾһ·Сһģһ
ҶĿɿڴʵ·ѣڵҶǶǽû·״ϸҶӵ˻ܹͬģȻ֮û·Ȼ·ûɵģ
ԴҲû̫õĽֻͣΪ֮齫۳·ԺʸУʵҲǽת·ģǾֻˡ
֮ƺҲǷǳ⣬˸ͷСݵļϣҶ˸
֮黹ͬһСһƤãСݣܸСݴٿ֣Ҳ˸顣
ˣʦ֣Ͻ˰ɣʲôµƺ֮˵
ҶȻʲôʣҪµ֢ǿɾ鷳ˣҲ֪Ҷ뷨Цŵ˵ͷðɣ
ҶСݺ֮뿪ˣ˳Ҳȥ˶
Ϊ¶ģû˸йҶɽٵ飬ϾûΪһͼͨˣһ̫пܾôȥˡ
ҶҲǷǳˣҶҲûʵʵĽԼɽٵľµ˵һ顣
ָЩҪɱҶǺ֮ǣȻҲ£ʵڵĻǺ̫һľǿߣԺǲսҶ
Ȼȴֻڱ˵ı£ʲôˣһĵȴĽ١
Ҷһµģû뵽ģǼæ԰οóҩ͵棬һЩ
㶫һᣬҶȥʣûзָܹΪ뻹ˣʱ䣬˶ΧԼתûʱȥ£ٵȼ쿴ɣ
ļѪͥУкܶ˵ŰݷãȻǶѪҶϵġ
տʼҶһĽӼǣԽԽ࣬ɴֱչأе鶼Ƹ˳ȥӦ
ò˵˳ⷽм֣ӦЩҲǴ´࣬ڸ֮䣬ΪպѪķչ𽥵Ĵ¼ʵĻ
Ѫ֮Уϵµͨӣ˳һ֡
¹˳Ҷ˵Ƚһ˹ȥƵҶˣЩʵƲˣ㻹ȥһ°ɣ
ѪҪǿ󣬲ܵĿǰҪܵĺһЩùϵͬˣȻҪҶλԳϾЩ˶ǳġ
һǻڵ޵дڣһȽȽ֮ǡ
ҶǶҡҡͷǷŵһߣ˳мҪ㣡
ʲô£
ԼȻδѴ׷ɱ飬Ҷ֪⼸ϸ룬Ѫķչ׳벻úͽ뿪ʱԼҪ
Լûκκ֮ǣȻԴչȭţηκǿУ޷ʩչƣֻԼţѪ
ҶˣҪѪʧһʱ䣬ȵԼʲôʱ˴׷ɱ֮³֣һһҪͷʼôʱ䣬˳ΪѪŬȫ
ؼǣʱѪ֣ûǿĺܣʱڲȡĳɾͣԱҪ˳λʦ֪ʵ飬ӶһõĽ취


1470 ϻ
˳Ҷ֮üͷѾšһȻ̾뵽һϵӦ
˳վʼ߶˼ŶԲߣƬ֮üͷչ˿Ҷ΢΢һЦҲа취
Ҷ۾ʱ벻νѴ׷ɱİ취û뵽˳ô쾹Ȼа취ˣæ׷ʵʲô취
취ȻҲܱ֤취ܴЧͬʱԿ
ҶһȻ취
˵˵κΰ취ڶԸⳢԡ
һ취Ҽǵ˵Ϊ˶ܴӡԼӡ֮ạ̃취ӡѧᣬȻԼӵڲӰʵ£ںϵ֮УĻ㲻ܴӸϽ⣬룬ʱʩչĵƣӦòڻᱻ
еҶ˷ܵһ˳ļ򣺡ʱ̵ûϵֻҪõƾͿԣ
Ҷôһģ˳̲סһ죬ż鷳㣬̬ܲʩչƣӰҲ̫󣡡
˼̫˷ˣһ취أ
һ취ҲĿٳһԼ磬ͬһϸĴԼٵ統УԼһеףһһʱշ֮ԼƿأĻ統ʩչƣҲܶע⡣
ʵҶѾԼ磬ֻ绹ȫҲδƿ磬ϾѪİ²Ŵġ
ܹƿأҲ˳ۿԳԼ統Уʩչƣܹ㿪
Ҳȱ˵̫ˣ취ҵƲ⣬ܷɹõԹ֪֮ܳɹĻôٺ٣ǾͿԽȻδȫѴ׷ɱѸ£
Ϊʲô
Ҷסˣ飬Լ˳ߵģԽ֪ԽãȻ˳Ҫ֮ҪѸ£ȫµ˶֪ⲻھǸ߱ˣԼʵҪԸҵĻԸϽûˣ
˳Цеĵ룬жҪԸ㣿֪ʵ޷ʩչƣǾԲŹ͵ĴûᣬȻȵĺ㶯֮󣬽ͻȻʩչƣҼ˵˰ɣ
ϻ
˳ļƲߣñΪҶʵУӶЩҪҶֵȫһһĽΪҶҲΪѪ𽥼δչ·ϵĵˡ
Ҷ˳Ѿ޻˵ĴָҵĹ˰
ˣ
ãھȥʦ֡
ȵȣ˳סҶȬ֮ӦþҪ뿪˰ɣ
㶼֪ˣ
͹ūǰƶϳġ˳赭дĵǲǸóû뿪֮ǰȥһ
֮УŰϣĪǣҶȻʱ̵ţֻΪһ䶼ǹмӣ룬˵Ϊˡ
ҶȥҪˣȻΪǵĵˣڵѪĲǵĶ֣õİ취Ҳİǰ
ǣҶĲΪԼ鷳ˣϾѾΪԼ̫࣬䡣
Ҷ̾˿ȥʦ֣Ҫʵ̫ˡ
˳ͷ֪ҺǣҶǰȰ۹żڻʱ䣬һһµĽȽȳ
ã
˳ĿοҶĲ٣ٴļлл
˵֮ҶѾ뿪˷䣬סȥ
֮ڣҶ춼ҪＸˣţֻվ⣬ԼʶӦڵΡ
ʵȻ֪ҶĲ鿴ҲûоܾҶ֪Ƶȷ𽥸ԭ֮ǰķ֮иܵˣӦƼȬˡ
ҶոյķſڣԭʵͻȻ˷Ȼ۶һƣѹѹһƬ
󣬽˸һжٳʱΡ
࣬ҶһԼûʩչƣӦòԼģӦþģ
ʦ֣
ҶҲ˲ˣһƿ˷Ĵţ˽ȥ
䣡
һɿ񱩵ͻȻڳ⧲֮£ҶȻֱӸײ˳ȥǿһ֮סΣۿȥһ


1471 
ʱ˿̣ھȻͬ֩һ鲼·ʹУΧ
Щ·ڲϵĲÿһβͻᷢ޴ղҶǱײġ
ʦ֣
ҶٴȻȴǴһ
ͷ׷裬оⱩǣɫѾǵĲ԰֮ɫȻѾָĲ࣬ҲҶʱԼ³ΪʦֵʵҲָ֮ԱŻ
ڳѪ֮ƣͬ飬죬̼䲼˷䡣
ֲͬ·㣬âҵײһɹȵͬ˳һӿӿ֮ǿƵҶòϵһˡ
ĿǰֲµķӡԲõײٻݡ
㻨˰ʱʱ䣬ǽеĴ·ĥ𣬶ۼڿеҲǶʱɢָգʲô¶ûзһ
ʱҶٴγ˽ȥʦ֣û°ɣ
Ͽȷû˿˺ۣ˾ͬǴˮһȫˮʪ͸
صĴ˿ڴ֮ҡҡͷû£Ѿµĵˡ
ʲôҶȵĽг
ҶʦܣҵķѾʼˣһαһδҪ뿪ˡ
ԭҶǰʿܷԼȥȳǰȴ̻ⷬ˶С
µʱ䣬ܵδɣڻ죬ķҲԽԽΣҶζðˡ
֪ˣʦ֣뿪ɣ
Ҳһʱᣬ´δķӦ֮ˣҲ̫Լ飬һת֮󣬻ʲôİ취еĻҿ϶취һ˻죿
ĻҶůůģæʦ֣ô鷳ˣ뵽Ҷܴ׷ɱİ취

üëȻҲе㾪˳ܹô뵽˰취ҶĽ֮Ƭ̵Ҳ˳취ԣ㲻αܹα꣬Ƚӡ㣬Ȼٽľ˵
Ҷʦܣǹذмӣ̾ϸĽЩڸҶֱȷҶ֮ŵͷˣпȥԣͲҪˣȥ澡ܵĶתת
Ҷе㻳Լǲˣʦ־ȻԼȥתתԼʦ뿪֮ǰء
¶һ˿Цݵȥȥ˵ڵľ磬ձչҲһʲôȥתתпջ񡣡
֪ˣҶ뵽һ⣺ˣʦ֣죬ʦô£
ֵħԯ콾Ȼ۹ĸְⷽٿأǣģȻû뵽ڣƺıħۣͷϧԼӶҶʱƿ˴
ҶԼԶҲʦֶԼ˵һ仰
ȻǴʦֱˣȴǴʦһ˿ʶҲ̲˴ʦֵһЩ͹ǣںս֮һŵѪ֮ƳĽָǡ
˶٣ŵô˵أγɵ⻯Ӧ֪ͿԽĴʦֵ⻯ֻĴʦ۳Ļ˿ʶԼγɵġ
⻯ҶȻ֪쾳֮γ⻯Լۼ⻯һǽսĳһǱɱĳФһ滯
⻯ͼһǿ󣬲ҿӵж˼άԼ飬
⻯ˣ󲿷ֶὫһԼ۰֮УڹؼʱԻ֮
ĽҲҶˣĴʦ֣ǲ֪ǰĴʦµһ˿ʶ֮󣬾ȻĿһЩǣٱطӶΪħԯ콾
ȻʦֵĻ֮󣬺϶һĽ̸ĸԸΪ˾ҶԼݵ
Ҷг˸пλʦ֣ΪԼĳɳƽ·ԼԲʧ
ˣʦܣ֪϶һЩʣҪż⼸죬ҵĻȥתתҲú뻹ʲôҪģҲܷ뿪


1472 
ҶԼ⼸ȥתתĹŹҪ˳֮˳̾˿˵İ뿪֮ǰɨЩҪ㲻ˣ
˳ôһ˵ҶʱȻĳмůͬʱҲӿһԵı롣
ʦҪˣңһȥ治֪պǷĻᡭ
ʱ䣬ҶĻʼƵڸĲҵ֮УȻÿһһ󼫴ĺ䶯
ڵҶ죬ȥ֮ǰеľܣ͵ƾڶɽٳɹ֮󣬾Ȼѩصڸ굱ʹסˣڣҺһµǿǣмˣ
ڴ֮ϣÿҶˣ¶Цݣд󲿷ֵЦ֮иǴһ˿ǫ͹
ҶȴûκεļӣԼкˣòЦŻӦģ˿䡣
ҶԸʹȻʹ޵ľżɵаԵˣȻԼҲΪˣ۶Էݸߵ͹ֻҪԸ⽫ѵģҲԲǧ֮⡣
¥ţȵȺҶϵǳĴο֮
ҶҲһ֮ܵĸɣĸңӴĶǺͼƽˣЩϵܺõĴҶԵŰݷã֮еĳ̸ֹ֮䣬ȻԼǫѷýǰĽǰдд񣬱񷽰ȻЩͬʢǿ֮
ҲһЩ˺Ҷ뷨
ȻҶӵѾʲôܣԼŮԼŮ޸Ҷ檣Ҳһĺ¡
ֻϧҶǫѷ񣬵ȴǴ粽ã¥ڲֻ΢ڻ͸һ˼ʱҲòֱӻؾǲһĻᡣ
ʱܿȥҶѾǵĴ϶ݷһ飬ҹͬǰһ뿪ǣŲٷķȥ
ҶķٶȲ죬һȷ£ҲڵȴſǷ˻ᰵжԼ֡
ʶûиоԼκ˵ĸ٣Ҳ֪ⲢԼǰȫģΪкַܶԼʶʵֻҪԼһ˾
ǸصĿֲ֯Դϴδɱʧ֮Ǿ˼ʧһ㣬ҲûжԼֹӦҲǹ˼ʦֵĴڣԲóȻ֡
ȻҶ뿪ǴǧԶʱͻȻͷ֮ϴ䡱һ죬ͬһ㣬أǵ˶
ѭȥһƬ޴Ѫڿն𣬻ӰԹһٶ˷ȥ
ȻѪĵطѪɫĳ׷Ӱ֮󣬺ҽУӰȫѪɫ͸ըͬѪ
˵ˣ֮дҲ棬ЩϱǿߣȻû͵Ϯʦܣӣûн
ͬ˷ȻˣǹɿֲϢǶŹƲ㶼
һ£ڶʱһƬţȻдһЩϱǿߣʼβҶҪŻɱҶȻû뵽ȴ֣ȫС
ôЩֻҶȴûһϢΪ˼أȻڱչδΪ¼䡣
ڷһĻȴǳ״ǵЩ룬ʵж޵֮ˣ׾ٵĻʮλϱǿߣٴסЩҪҶͼıˡ
ȻˣǼ״̬ȻǸ£޵е
Ȼж˶˾ӣ¥ҶϵǳĴ
Ҷȷ꣬ʢˣҲˣⲢ˾۸ҶҶȻ߲ʵĴɽ
ֻҶڴ˿ȴǳ˿ɬͱˣΪӦʦڻˣ뿪
Ҷٵ飬չٶȸϻ˲ٷ壬ֱס
ųһŴԲ֮ϾȻİڷʮ̳׷һԣ΢ЦĿҶ
ʦ֡
ֺ꣬ҶҲ˵ĻѵõĴЦʦܣûвɢϯˣպҲδûټ֮գ֮Ҿͺ͹ū뿪ˣҹʦֵܶ˾ͱҹ̸ݣ
ãݣ


1473 
峿һ䵽˲ٷ嶥ҶһϮѪɫڷڷ裬˫ֱޱעŲ񷣬˫֮Уȴ͸¶һ˿ĸˡ
͹ūѾ뿪ˣ
һҹʦֵܶ˶ԾƵ裬ҹ̸һ̳ȫȹ⡣
󣬵ɫһɲǣҶͬʱȸһ̳¾̳һʹ֮󣬾ʹ󲽶УһѾվ˲ٷ嶥ѱ칭ٴغ
һ䱣ضû˵ŽҶ˵ͷ΢΢һЦֱ˺˿ռ䣬Źū֮С
һ뿪˻죬ȥӦôڵ죬ʹĵ·Ĵ档
Ҳ֮ҶټĻ᣻
Ҳ֮𣬱㣬֮գ
ܼ벻Ҷ˵ûôҪˣΪǱ˴˶֪ͬʦֵܣǳѪһŴ֮ˣۺʱεأǵģǵǽϵһԶ䣡
Ҷ֮⣬ûκ֪뿪ҲⲼ˷ӡʱƬա
ȻҲΪ˵ĶĿȻǾƾ֮ǰΪҶһ壬겻֣Ҳû˸׵ĶҶ֣ΪҶܵٶȡʱ䡣
վ֮Ҷת˲ٷ壬صԼķ䣬Źرգʼ˱չء
ʦ뿪ˣҶϵĵҲˣڱҪӿ̿Լʵĸ졣
ΪҪиҪҪ
һҹĽ̸ĵĶЩҳ̣ЩƽĲƽ飬Ҳ֪⣬⣬͸¶ҶһϢ
Ǿǡ·ڼٴγ֣
·һ˵пͨɽĵ·Ĵڣߣһϣ
·ϣҲΣķ˸ΣյأҶǵʦħ죬ڶмĿܱС
·ڼ֣ϢȥĻǻᾪ죬ϵص죬µײĻ죬֪ж˻̤ܲ·ȥ׷Ѱ翵ɽ磬ȥ׷Ѱļ¡
ҶȻҲҪȥɣҪȥѰԼʦƷ죬ֻҪħ·ϴôеⶼӭж⡣
·ĳʲôʱ֣ʲôطû˵Ҳ֪Ҳⲻ˵ǲôҶţֻҪ·ڳ֣Լ϶֪
ִ£Իٶȴ죡
ˣҪʵһе׼ȻĻһȵ·ڳֵһ죬ƾڵ΢ĩУ̤·ֻΪ˵̤ʯ
Ҳʲôû˽ԼĵúϸĸҶ֮⣬ɱ˺ڰ޳͸Ҷ
ҶǾܾģ˵һ仰ȴ޾ܾĿܡ
ţ֪֮ҪǰȥѣӼֳɹĿܣҲܻΣյľأڵʱ򾿾ȫԼˣ
ȻǵģǹҶһУܵȥ˽⣬ܼڻ죬Իǰȳֻϧ
רֱ꣬Ϊ֣⹦ܣڷǿĿãӵļٴ޴ʦһ֣Ҳпܻ÷߶Ҷ֮ǡ
ʱ򲻵˲ɣҪ׷ɱ
֮һ˫нбס
Ҷһչأµʱ䣬ķ֮Уʱʱľͻᴫüƶˡ
ŵѪˣҹҶſػţ˳Ǹɴ
ȻҶû˵˳֪ѾˣҲ֪ҶڰԼķųԣֻһҶʲô⣬ûٿԳ־ˣԣҲѹĵġ
֮󣬵Ҷ򿪷ţ΢Цĳǰʱ˳ڷԾɴһ˿ŵʵɹˣ
ҶЦеĵͷûȫɹڶʱͷŵƵĻܹ
ĸ
ЧһĻЧã
Ǿͺã˳һ
ĿǰֻˣԺҪ취α겻αվǳ֮ƣˣڣǲǸóȥתתһʵˣ
㶼չˣҲȷʵóȥ¶¶ˣ
ãǿǣԽԽãҪǵĿڣʵȥ


1474 
ѪųϢ֮ڻľ¥֮УҶлڸ֮һǿǡ
ʵЩ˱Ӧ뿪ǣعǵסأǵΪҶĴڣԼǸԵĳҪǼҶ̬ȡ
Ҷչصʱ֮УЩҲھһа취йҶϢȻʲôȴ˸ָĲ²⡣
е˲²ҶڶɽٻѴʱ˰ˣڶչˣе˲²ҪʲôطҶҲ˲²Ҷµĸ򣬱չسߵľ硣
ˣ˵ҶҪǵʱں䶯ȻҲǸĲ룬ĦĿġ
˵óһۣҶҪˣ
ȻҶʵǿԴӶɽ֮ڻڳֵʱ䣬˶Ŀãûʢˣûи߸ϣƽ׽ˣϹЦݣ˴ﶼǼΪò
񣬱չºٴγֵ֣ĵһ¾ǿߣԶ׼ҪλᣬȷԼһ֮ߵĵλ
ⳡȻ˵һЩϱǿ߶ȥμӣѪĴǡӭ
ֻҪԸôͶǿˣ
һӿԿ϶ˣϱǿ߶ܾ˵Ҷ޿֣ЩҲҪĿ֮ڡ
ֲ룬ķӦҲǸͬЩǿǣеΪȻ̻̲գԼΪʱҶĶ󣬶ԥҪҪȥμ᣻
еȴЦĸ֮ӣĸǸ߸ϣҶǿҲ㣬Ҫǣ˵Σ
еݷ²ؼȲη壬Ҳڴų⣬޷Ħǵ̬ȡ
֮֮ڣڵļҵľ¥֮Ϊ
кž¥еĿˡ
Ҷϵõģǧ˪裬£ħȻˣĿǰҶϵ̲ģĺԽǮΪ׵Ҳˣ˸еģǺҶǵзѵģȻȺĽݲȻҲȫˡ
˵ʵĲţ¥֮оۼ˼һڸǿǣȻҲһЩϱǿߡ
ܹô˴˼以಻ĸԸһ𣬿ҲֻҶˡ
Щǿǣ֮ʱǶǳ˴˼΢Цѣһ֪һ㣬ϿκεĳԹ
˶֮ҶҲų֡
ԭΪȻҶ˵Ŀô϶ҪѪеļ̫ȾǿߣȻǸеǣҶȻֻĸˣֱ˳Ϲ飬գҲȫһеǿߡ
Ǹе𾪵ģȴǵļҵºãȻҲͬҶһġ
Ҫ֪Ҷδڻ֮ǰҪǿŸʣ¾Ƚǰûһ˻顣
ļҺҶ֮䱾ǲݵͷȻΪԳ棬֮ĳԹҲڵ۸ڶˣҲԸ׷Ҷ˰ɣ
˿ļҵһЦݵʱ򣬶ʱȻ˵вҶȻҶֱӾܾҲļˣλҶ֮ʲôϵˡ
Ȼⶼ˵Ĳ²⣬ʵģҶȷǺѣҪ̻ļңҾ¥ҲǹļУΣǲŻҶǶ
Ҷ΢ЦһȦ֮󣬹Ϊ˼λõˣǰҲûʲô˼ϣܹλѾԻϽϲˣȳźţ
ϯʼˣ
ȻҶѪд˵Ĳȶƽѵһʣˣ󲿷ֶĴ䱸˼ڳԷ֮ϣȫȴҶľٶ
ȻҶȴûҪ˼һ˼дˣϵĴھ֮ǰÿĿ˾ƣ̸Цȫһÿ͵ˡ
˵ȻǷˮѵҶֻҳԶٷ
ܿ죬ƹѲ˹ζҶվٴξٱȻ˵ɫͻȻһ䣬оƱȻһˮĽÿһϺȻͷųʵơ
¡¡
ͻȻ֮ϴһ֮ͬʱ˳գѾһһҳ˹ȥ˶мʩչƣ
СĴ


1475 Ϣȷʵ
ͻȻһĻڳ˶һ㶣Ǻܿ죬ЩҲӦˣһǿϢѾѸԶݣȻղڰҪ͵ϮҶľǾǿߣ
Ѿʮ׷ɱҶ֮⾹Ȼϱǿ߸ҳֶԸҶȻ˶𾪲ѣڵעȴȫ˸ղպ˳˵仰ϡ
ʱϹͳѾ¥ȥ׷ղų֮ˣ˳ҲҶߣ˵ɫÿԴŰû֮⣬һ۾ܿȻڶԼղ˵仰еڡ
ҶҲĺݺݵһۡ
Ҷ˹ֵλ˼ӻҪɱңһе£ֻܵΪֹˣպлپۣǣ
˵֮Ҷתȥ˳ǵԴҶ֮뿪ˡ
Ҷ⣡
ȻϴҶӴ֮ˣûȫѴ׷ɱֻҪʵƣͻ֪Ҷչ׷ɱ
Ļ񲻴ӽԺ󶼲ʩչʵˣҲ˵ʵۿۣ
ۻĶһе̳˼άݣܿʹҶľٶԼΣһһ˳ҶҪõƵΪУƲаܣ
ȻҲ˶Դɻ󣺡᲻ǲ´ˣûȫѴ׷ɱĻӦҸطǵĴҡûпˣ
ӦòᣬѵղûпҶ˳ǵһҪ֪˳Ҷ֮䣬֮˳鼱֮й¶ôܣҶܵģ
ܹҶǷδȫѴ׷ɱʱ䣬֮Ϣܿʹ˳ȥΪոշƽ˾Ļٴһʯޱ߾ˡ
û뵽ҶѾɹô٣Ի͵Ÿո𲽣ȴôһ³޷ʩչƣôʵǴۿˣҪһ֮гۣˣ
ֹʵۿۣҲ޷ʩչ·ҲʹʵԶֹ׶Σ˵ͬһ죬ߵľ綼޷ͻˣ
ôأ˵ȻҶƾȻǿ󣬽챻ԶԶˣᷴԶԶˣ
̫ˣûӻĻҶܷ󶼻ǸأˣϿκΪ֮ĺö
ȷ㲻̸Ҷ˽ĳ𣬹ӵеЩöʥɽ֮飬ҩȵȣɱˡ
ȻԾЩΪܿҶⲼóһ֣ΪΪʵۿۣ˶֣Ӷɱˡ
ǾϢͨʿ෽֤֮£֤ʵҶĲʩչˣΪһж٣Ǵľǲٵġ
ٷϿգ֮ڣʱʱ֮ǺܿɢȥҶڳʩչġ
ҺѪõļ¥ţļҵļﶼܵѪ룬Ǹһ֮뿪ȻΪ취ҶʩչƵ⣬òˡ
ϢȻ֤ʵˣ˵ķӦ̬ȻҲǸͬˣͬҶɽʱһһϲҳ
ˣʱȴҲû˸ľȥֶԸҶϾһλš
ҶЩʹѪ֮У紫ĸϢָƣ˳˲һЦֱʵûа׻ǮȡЧ
һж˳ļƻϵʱ͵ϮҶ̫˳Ϸ˿
ΪϷӱţҶͬݡʧԡĽɫϾϹԸܿ¶ڣֻȥװ׷С
µʱԭ춼ͥеĲٷڰˣԵе侲ΪûԸˡ
ȻڣҶȻѾˣ⿿һͶǲ֧Ѫ̫ʱġ
֮Ѫڵȷǿ󣬲һЩƲ֮󣬵ȵ٣ôѪҲͽ֮ʧȻҲûбҪȥֺѪǽͬˣӶһЩպؽĴ
Ҳ꣬Ϊ֮۹ųһϢǾڻߴڣǲܳڴڻģɳ棬ҲҪ뿪죬Ӧ硣


1476 ̬
۹ѡʱųһϢĿķǳԣҪѪ˸ʶ϶Ҫ뿪ģûѪټʵΪֹҶһոո¶ͷǵɣƱػͬһȻڹԲãò˶þͻ伣
ȻϢһεȻ󲨣Ҷȴ˿Ӱ졣
׼춯ǰˣﻹˡ
С㣬һȻƾһ˵ʵԶԶ޷
˳ǽҶͬȥȻѾ뿪ȴԸҶȥա
֪ҲҪȥֻ뽫
Ҷ֮ܶ࣬ģҲͰ˳ͺǼˣϧһдҲҪȳ
ڶʱڿ϶ΣգϾΪĳλʦתΪϴԣ԰ĶӦòǵĹƻҾòȥҺǰɣǵıǻиصܹ취ǸҲʱȫԼǰ򡣡
˳һ仰Ҷһ˼ǹ
ȫһյ磬䶼мӣҲҴͷ֪ѪȻȥԻЦǲ
û˵ҪֻϷųֻܸˡ˳йâ˸ʵȫգǷ֮УҲһģȫø
˳ڷһʱ䣬ƾԴȻ֪˲˲֪Ҷڶ̲סɣ֮Է᲻ϧ׽˳ǲΪ֪һЩܡ
Ҷ˳Ľ飬֮ӺȥѰҺǣҲʼǣԨԼҲӦҪԨ
뵽ѣҶȻҲĴ֮ˣΪѯʹĺ֪֮˿Σ޷ֻԼΪӶ˺ۡ
仰˵ǱҪȵҶܹȫƿصʮ֮ǲп֮ˡ
Դ˾֮ҶȻִͨѨ˿ѨȴûͷųѪеκˣӦǲ졣
ȻЩ鶼ǼģҪһȥ
ǰԨ֮ǰҶһٴȥ˻ǣһΪȥķΪ˾ѾһǧʯʵȻҪʯüѰ١
ҶҲȥһЩˣǧ˪裬µˣϾǶѡ
ҶҲ֪֪ԼʵΪϢ֮󣬴ҶԴԼ̬ȡ
ٴγڻڣҶһε̸ܵʲôůʲô̬
ÿǣϲʶˣֻҪЦĴŹǫкȻڣټǵûٹһָָ㣬
ҶѼЩΪ⣬̬ƽڴ֮ϣƬ̼۹Ķķ΢΢һЦ˽ȥ
۹ĵߣҶɽٵҲħԯ콾ʶͼɱҶڲǰ뿪Ϣ֮һѹҶѪҲΨһһ˺Ҷ˹ŵĴ
ȻĹ۹ˣ֮ĳѾãѾ޷⣬ȻҲж£ȻˣҶֺαغǿ¶뿪֮ǰݺݵĽ۹Ķķɨһ
Ϊû֪뿪Ϣ۹ܻҲԲҶԼ
ȷ۹˿ҶȻԼҶķʱһϵı龫ʵ˼¡
Ҷ˵飬ҲѾˣϣԼѾ˼Ʒʦһ˿ɣĸķĵĸķԻһ
˵ʵ۹һ֪ҶĻƴű˳ЦҲҪôЪҵҪôͽķмֵƵЩ浤ȫ
ֻϧѾˣҶˣҺԥֱھŸȥκˣҪһ۹ǿס˭Ҳûӡ
ȻʱһϤЦȴһ𣺡ӴⲻѪҶҶ֮˰˲ã˵׷ɱ㰡㲻ڼţȻķҪǮҪ


1477 ƹˤ
С
Ҷÿ֪˵ǸɵĶСүүǧۣǰ󼸴£ƷҵԸҶֻϧҶʯĳ֣Ƶǲòߣ֮Ҳûгֹ
û뵽쾹ȻڶķҿӣûٽҶﻰ䳰ȷ
Ҷͣ½Ųѭ˹ȥֻС߸һ𣬴˿һȺ˶Ц֮ɫĿԼ
ҶҲ¶΢Цǰʱ˵ɵ۹ʱߵıȽϽƺҪ۹ӴԷ飬ڱ˶Լʱ򣬶СҳԼӦָʹģȻָʹ֮˷۹Īˡ
ԭ㰡ûˣʱ˲ʯɣûȤٸҶѰ
һᵽģСɫе㲻ÿˣĴƷҵ˶ҶĶ֣ƾʲôҶġ
ߣ̫ҿɲ뱻㴫Ⱦϻ
ҶɫʱһȻģƨȻҶǲ
ô˼㻹ǶֲɣСߵһӵվ˳Ц
һҲָҶ̬˲ĵҶ۹ĶķѪĶķֲ˵㡣
飡
һƵײȻ𣬸ղ˵ǸѾ泯ĵȥԴѾ˿ѪͬȪһڶͬһһ
ȫסˣȻ˭ҲûϵҶȻĸ۹Ķķڶ֣ҳָǺ飬һȭͽԷ
һʱ֮䣬˭ҲûлعΪ޷ǰʵҶЦǾѹǸңҾ͸ɱǣ
Ҷס֣ǡ
۹ڿڷҶס֣ȻӦһ죬һҶˣͬҶһȭ
ƻķĹأ
ڣһȺ۹˳ȻҶȴͻȻתһ˫оȻųɱ⣬ע˵ǸǼǰҪǲһѵǶҪҶ۸ѵ𣿱ˣҷҲѲ˴׷ɱʱҲⲻһҲ⣬һ𣬵ʱȪ·Ҳį
һ仰ʱȺ˵ͣҶһߣһָССҷŹ㼸ΣҶǲסˣȴһٶң鷳һҵȪ·ϲȲȵ㣡
СѾŵɫæĵҶ磬ҶҴˣҲǹģŹҰɣұ֤
䣡
Ҷ˵꣬ٴγ֣һֻѪɫֱִӽѾŵƴӴܵĶСĳࡣ
ˣҶ˲Ϣ֮ɱˡ
Χ۵ˣһǺ󱳴ðľսҶʵ̫뺷ˣȻ۹Ķķ֮У۹˵棬ɱѾǺ۹йϵĶСˣ
Ǹ۹һͣҴǻǸŭԣ
ҶҶԼղŵǷȻӲ׷ɱôҲɴƹˤ޽ˣһǣ֮ǰ϶һᡣ
οʱܶ˶ĿãħۺҶ˺Ƕ֣ıƼҶʩչƣһ˭ãһ˿ҲͻΪ촷ۣˡ
ˣͶ۹ˣ˿˭Ҳû˸õϢļλ죬ߣڿ֮Ҷ֮ȫѡ˳Ĭ
ȻҶвȴҪ˼˵ĺ˼Ļд裬棬ϱǿҪԸҶͲβܡ
ղҲۿȷǶСҶԴ˿۹˳֣Ǻܻܿı֮£ֻ̡
ҶɨһۣתŵھŸȥ
ھŸҶȫûһ˵Ŀ̬ȣר־ѡźʵ͵
һҶ۹ĶķǴ۵ʩչ˼£ŵ˵뿪֮۹ĶķĿԹˣΪҶƷϵ쵤ûзŹһȫߡ
ִһ£Ҷܹ˽һʯ۹ʧǶʮҡ
۹ķڵĶڵѪȴָֹ͵ҶֻĿҶյ뿪ˡ


1478 ľԱ
Ҷ뿪֮۹ķ̹ЪҵͬʱҶķҵģĵȵҲǹЪҵҶǣҲѹһ
ȻϢ֮⣬Ҷڶķ֮кԥĳɱС˵ϢҲѸٴ˳ȥ
Ϣø𺳣ڻֳһ£ҶйԹ϶ĸڵͰԼҵǿ뿪ǡ
һҹ֮䣬ڳǧ˪֮⣬ȻҲһλǿߵӰˣ
ϢҶݸһЦӣĺˣһǵǼе֮ӻҶ鷳һ棬ҲҶǵ鷳
˸б۵ķųϢ˵ҶѾ¶˾ģȻʵԶֹڣôҪԼǿ󣬳Ÿ֮ӽŮǻδɳʱ򣬽һһݷøǿߣȫɱ
ĻȵЩϱǿȫ뿪֮ȻҪҶΪ
˵ʵϢĿŶĲߣΪƴޱȣʤҶ뷨Ҳ޷ʵ֣Ҫǿɱ꣬ƶҪʱ䡣
ôʱ䣬һЩǿߵľˣ
ǣַলľԱʱ򣬸ȴǱв޵̬ȣΪʵǲԼ塢Լɵδðһ˿ա
ҶȻ𲻵еǿߣһĲұٲұɱǿɾͰˣΪ֮д裬ҪҶҲҪȿǺιһأ
ҶӶķгٴڻǵʱ򣬷˶ԴԼֱ̬ˣԼֵ֮ܶĵطȺɢֻǵԶԶ
ҶҶˣӰɣ
ΪʲôҪӣ֮ڲǲ׼˽ԶŹѵð֮踣Ƕ֣
ǰڵҶѾǻȥˣ޽ɣη壬ղ۹ķɱˣҲû˸𣡡
ǣȻ˶Ѿ뿪ˣĺЩҶʲôԹҲǿˡ
Щ˵ҶҡҡͷԼеˣ˳ļƻ׼һЩǿ߶Լ֣ϧڿӣǵĳҲԲô
ЩҶҲѾܲˣĿǰҪʵ̫࣬ȰݷԼļѣҪ뿪ǣǰԨˡ
ҶΪ˽Լʱ䣬ǧ˪ãµһԼ˳صѡڡ
һΧһԵеѹֺͳأƽ龫ֵ飬˿Ҳǳ档
ҶδѴ׷ɱϢѾ˾֪ΪҶѣȻеġ
ȻҶ׼ȥ׷ɱǿߵϢѹûе棬ΪҶˡ
˵ӣҶЦеĵλҽΪ˺ǵ𡣡
Ҫȥģǧ˪һʵ
Ҫ뿪ǣȥѰܹҳװѴ׷ɱİ취ȻĻҵ֮·ͽֹڴˣҲʣ
ҲʵҶҪҵ֮Ȼ׷ɱʼǸ޴в
з𣿡
ʻ裬չ¶ĿŮӣת˳ҶϱȻҲܡ
ʱûУô󣬲ԻӦû֪
ҪǰĵطһȫԸ
˵£ͬɰ鶯ӣҶܹΪѣȷúܶ⡣
лˣ
ŵˣѾʶˣ˵֮һҪ㣬пյĻȥǼңҴ
ģҶ۾һһõϢҿ϶Ҫȥģ
ˣλʱ䲻ˣҸˣڣ
Ҷ˶˾Ʊһ
뿪֮ǰҶÿ˶һĸлǶԼİ裬֮⣬ҲһƣѪ˳ѼһЩƷϣȻҶԳƳģƷǴѪ֮ݡ
ִǰѪʲôҪѪ¶߾ܵ㡣
Ѫܹ飬Ҷܹ͸һ飬Ӻ͸л
Ȼʹ֪Ѫ󣬽ѪУעҶˮתȴһδ
λˣ
ҶֱӴ˲ţ΢Цĳ˰˰֣룬ʱ뿪˻ǣ뿪Ѫ̤ͨԨĵ·


1479 ʦҪ
֮ǰҶѾԨλãܺô˶ֻ֪ȴûһ˸ҿԨϾܲʥ֮ĵطʵֲ̫οЯӲδ롣
Ҷ֪ȻϸԨ֮ĵȷ壬ȴʥΪѾ
ҶѳԼһģ뻹ǾϲȵԨ֮ٽг
ٴιһ·ҶҲΪпʱÿһ飬䶯£ؼǶԼҲзͬѰ塣
ԶԶ뿪ǵķΧ֮ͷԼٶȣ˲Խռ䣬ǸԷУ̾ۼĵطװͨһһʱ䡣
ڸ
統˵һʵ磬չزߣɽˮˣҲһЩȫµĸ
Ҷߵڲͬһ֮·Ҫ˽ֽĴǳתСһʻŵл͵ϢϢأ֪֪ˣܰսʤ
οҶҲȷҪѰܹװѴ׷ɱķȻĻȻΪͣͲǰٶȽࡣ
ԭҶıһԼòģȻԶ֮󣬲֪Լʵе߿Լ
ҶֵȷʮһЩ֮жἰǶҶˣȴʶںüΣҶھƹݲ¥֮УߵĿڴԼ¼Ȼȴû֪µǾǵš
һ·ȻҶٶȲ죬ҲԲѾнǧ֮ң
ߣ֮ҶһΪСطǰԨıؾ֮·ҲһͨҪͨ˴ۼڶࡣ
ҶŲΨһһҾƹݣҲЩɵһϰߣÿ̵ĵطضȥƹݲ¥һᣬΪ˶ӣ̾ʿڴˣʱܹһЩΪ֪Ϣ
ûߵƹݣԶľͿһȺΧھƹΧвʱķ֮ͬʱȭХȻڴ򶷣Щڿ֡
Ҷüûпֵ飬ת뿪Ȼո׼תʱ򣬶ͻȻһϤŴʦҪأʦǲģ
һ˳ĴЦ𣺡֪ðУҶôܻͽܣҿǲ˵ҪȥΪʦһȰǱȥˣҶϢѾʲôˣ˾֪ɴǰΪʦˣҺøˣҴһаʽ
ޣʦǲŹģ
ŹңèĹ򣬻ܰôղ˰죬Ҳ˰ɣЪЪɣ
䣬ͨͨ𣬶ΧҲʱ˺ôЦȻ˱ŵˡ
Ҷվԭأ˫ۻֱӴ͸Ⱥе龰׳ʵصˣ׵ڵϣԣһµ⣬һֻŻ̤һ˵ϡ
ǬǬ
Ҷĵһ˾ǬҲصİԴĴ񣬾ʱ޷ܴ֮ѹҶ˰Դ壬ֺǬվɽ⣬ػҶһʱ䡣
ΪҪУҶʹеĹûΪͽֻǵУȴѾҶʦ
Ҷίʵû뵽ȻˣҲ룬Ҳ³ȥ
Ƕƹ֮УȻ˵ԼҪϢվΪԼ򱧲ƽڷ˴ſڵء
Ҷû̳֣ϸĿ˿˵ڣȻѾ˾ˣ
пʼ㲻ᳬʱ䣬Ѿͨ˴ﵽ˾ٶ˽磬Իɱͷ
ǻ֮ԭסƣһö٣ΪǵӳʱѾӦ˴֮ѹ
˴ſµǸˣʵǴﵽ˶нףҲһλǿߣҶУȻˡ
ʱǸ˽΢΢þȵǬһ죬ЦеĵôұǸ˵ʦҶҪĶɣһʦҾͷǡ
Ǭ˫ֽסԷĽţҪƿʵ̫󣬸޷ֺǼˣȻŭĿӵſˣбɱǣȻԺǿ϶ɱ㣡
ЦһЦֱƾǣԺɱˣԺǶãһꣿһǧ꣬һ򡭡
꣡
ʱһͻȻĻԸСɫ֮Ҿɱ㣡


1480 
ͬʱΧ۵ȺȻоһɾ޴ѹǲɢóһ·һһѪɫˣޱĻ˹
ȻҶˣ
ȻῴǬǬΪԼ裬ǸӣΪ
ҶǬǬ϶ȾϲȴüͷһŭҶʲôڴʣ
ȻҲֻ֪ҶĴǲ֪Ҷĳ࣬ԲŻдһʡ
ž
ӦһİţǸ˶ʱͬһ߸ԾֱԽΧ˵ͷԶɶȥֱֱصˤڵϡ
ۣ
һѪĿ滹ݣϹͷٶҶ
ӰȺг嵽ߣҶҲһһǬǬתҾǸҪ˵ˣ
仰΢΢һ̶عɫʱһ䣬ѿڶҶ
ҶشǬǬѾһһĽгʦ
ҶɫΪǵͨˣϲ¶ЦݣҡҡͷҺ˵Ϊͽİɣ
仰˵жʱ¶ʧ֮ɫҶѾŵǸղôάҵķϣҾռˣˣ
˶ʱʧתΪһߴʦһ߷򵹣ҶȴסǣǸ˵Ȼ֪ҿˣôȻҲӦ֮ǰ˵汳
˵ɫ粻Ѿ¶η֮ɫǵȻ֪ǰĻǣԼеǿǿߣǵ£ȻҲǳţǺ͸Ȼǲһأ˴˶ףҶҪɱǵĻֱ練ơ
ȻҶȴҷһ·£֮ҵͽܣһȥ㣬ʱǻн֮ŵ
Ȼλ˲ţʱ䣬ձԼſڵصǬǬܹȡԼԾɹԹԼ֣ȻͬĲ²ֻߣһϻ˵
֮Ȼɢȥò׼˴˵еҶ˭࿴ۣҶǱĿע֮£òϽ뿪һСҶװ׶
ҶҲûټ򣬱ϾѾ¶ԴǬǬһƫƧ֮زͣ
ôᵽǲǰԴʲôˣ
Դ˲һиֵĹأǴ˿ڻᱣһ̶֣࣬Ҳ٣ǬǶ뿪ͻˣҶ²Դû׼ʲôʣϾ۹ҲʼԴ塣
ǬԸ񺩺ԻػȻǬˣûУû£ֻҲȷ֣С˵ӦȥξȻûУ˿ڶǴ峤㽫Ǹ˳ʦ
Ҷüͷ΢΢ԴĴ峤ǬһеͷۣΪϼһǸϺ꣬ϼ޻ǬǬԼȻʲôĿģֻԼ벻ͨѡ
ܹ򽻵Ҳ·ˣֻ˳ˣպлᣬǿԴ˳棬ܷĿ׳һ
ǳˣ˵ô֪ң
Դ壬ͬǧ֮ңǬǬһ·ߵȻ˲ٵʱ䣬ûгӣһԶУһ·֮سһЩͷ
뿪Ѿˣ뿪ӵʱ򣬴峤һ·вߣ˵ҵһ·ľͿʼٹĴţ˵ڻǣǼӽ·ϵǡ
Ҷ˵ͷҲǰ֮ǰո뿪ǵģеҪȥ죬
Ҷ֪ΰˣ˼ȻԼģԼȻܷ֮ܣԼҪǰԨпܻվǣǰٷ壬ǵĽų̣ǰʱ䡣
ԸֱһʲôԼָۣ˳ͻʱɾûܹˡ
˰֮ҶǾǴߣȻΣеģԼտǡ
ɣȸȥ£֮ٴȥǡ
ã
ǬǬ˷ܣܹҶߣ֮õ顣
ȱ˵̫磬ˣղҿɸǸС˵ˣҪȥȡΪ˷ֹǵʱҶһ·ϣҿҪϼѵǣ
˶һۺͬĵ֤ʦ


1481 һȺϺ
ΪˣҶгȻٴηˣҲͬ˵ʼǬǬˡ
˵ʶǼΪ㣬˴ҲǬǬҪǿǬȴǱǬҪߣҶǵسÿ춼Ӧ޷ɣôڶӱ
˼ͲΣÿ춼ҪᳬҶΪο
˵ҶѾĸͽܣ˽ɣʦսĺս죬ټǬǬǶʦεģȴֻǬǬˡ
ȻҶĶ֮£˵ʵҲڼһµʱ֮˾ȻﵽһؾŽľ磬Ҷе㼵ǵٶˡ
ҶҲһ⣬Ƕ˵ʻҪڵԭסҲ˵κˣӵ˿ֲٶȡ
еԭҶҲŪӦǺͰԴ֮йء
ۿžԨŻг̵ʱҶٴηٶȣΪܸоĳǬǬֱﵽһؾŽ۷壬ֻһ죬ϣȵǳɹ֮ǰԨ
ʦǰһ¶Ĳ̯ҪҪȥϢһ᣿
һǬԶ񱼻涼ȵ¡¡졣
֮ʵûʲôֵǮĶһȽʯ˸ߵʯ
ҶΪǿȶ챳ϵģڿǬӣȻ첻˿ѹ
Ҷͷãȥȱɣ
һסڸͨĲ̯ˮͼ򵥵ĲǮĲ̯ø·֮˵ϲ²۲̯ҲԸȥȱϢһ¡
˿̲̯֮жʮˣ󲿷ֶͨнˣҲмеʵˣһﵽ쾳ˣ˴˼ġ
Ҷ˵ĵȻ˵ע⣬Ҳɨ˼ۺ͸ջĿ⣬⣬˴˶СΪϣܲ¾Ͳ£ӶⲻҪ鷳
ҶȻҲ£˺ͼֲ㣬ͬʱҲ˳Χ˵̸
ΪĴ󲿷ֶͨˣ̸Ҳûʲô£ֱ֮һȺһǲ̸һЩ⣬ңȻ漰Ҷ
˵ǰʱ䣬ѪҶȻֽ֣ѵ۸ͽܵˣȻͽﳤȥ
˵ҶʵĺܿϧССѾһ֮ʦܣǰ;ƫƫΪӶ׷ɱպվһ
˵ҶһʱǬ׼ΪʦƽˣȴҶֹˡ
ȻҶҲ͸ԼȷʵǱ׷ɱȴһŷ
ǰһҲֵˣԺգ۹ȸǿ߶¶棬ۻ죬й磡
˭¶棡ҶҪȥˣһд۵ϼǿߵ汳Ļ˵ڣ¶ûһǿܹĶ֡
˻£ȻһŲм𣺡ߣãĶһȺϺŻΪһ޵У
һĺӣһ㣬ͻȻ˵ǰ֣˵֮ⷬ󣬸ЩˣһƨռһѾ˵ӡ
˸˵Ȼ֮࣬ϺȻһŹֵѪɫͼʱһ飬ŵҴһæվֱ뿪ˡ
û֪ǴðģֻҶԷ֮ģҲѿԷʵǿ¶һְԵϢ
ʲôˣȻҽǿ߱Ϻ̲סѯʣ¾ҶҲôĿһУ۸ڶ
ץϸղµĲֱӽ׼ͣһ͹֮һĨ͵ʲôҵģǱһȺϺĻңһһǣ˭ǻûʸ֪
ȫⷬĿɿڴҲ̫ŰԵˣȻڸǿǶˣΪҶͬھҶܽʩչƣǶһη塣
ǰΪĺӣȻЩ˷˲ʼ׷ײ²⣬ԷǺηʥ֮УļҴһλǿߣ
ʱһЦȴͻȻḷ̌ǰȡˣ֪̣˿Ҳ·ͷ


1482 Ϲ
һӴ֮˳һ£޳ĶţͺǽȻ෴͡
ľ̡ʱһ̱ɫȻѾ֪˶Է
ҶȻǲ֪ľǺηˣ̧ͷ˿ӺһݣôˣȻӶǿߣҪ֪һ·µʱ䣬ҶȻˣʵһ㣬ǿĶᳬ죬ͺͬЩ˵ǿ߶ڼУŲ
Ȼǰһһˣ¶Ѿ쾳ˣʵӦúµ൱
ľӵĻͷ̧Դ죬ĵûܵأе㶼Ҫܣ㣬Һ裬Ǿ׵˽ᡣ
ȻӶľ̺Ͱӹ֮䲻ʶǵзѣ˶һ·ġ
һЦûд𻰣ɨΧһȦ֮󣬾ȻߵҶ˵Ա߿ĵֵܣλðɣ
Ҷʱ򣬲̯ϾʣһſղŶľӲǰռ˱˵ӣ˵ϵĿеĸˣеˣҲ˵ģǹƫƫѡҪҶһҶ΢΢һ
뿪쿪ʼҶûиıòҲ֪°лҪԼ֣ԼװҪƵ£϶ҲյˣϾԼŲٵĺö
ˣ飬˾ûп˸ǳԼģֻϷΪԼ
ҶһЦɺҲˣͶľԼ֣ԼҲǡ
ҶЦеİ£̨
лϰ壬Ϻ裡
쾶Ҫ˺裬ȻҲûҶǣȵ֮󣬿ʼȻԵá
ʱҶĶѾЩ˵˽
ḷ̌òϹĶľ˰ɣ
пܣľտɲնľǿ߲ģҲֻϹˡ
ѹôأǵŵʱϹ壬Ǿϵͳߣ˵γɵʱһͳˣ֮ʷ֮ƾã󡣡
ǣϹ겻Ϣ伣ôֳˣѵΪǸҶ
˭֪أˣ˭ˣҲϹһ壡
˵ۣҶʱȻ򣬶Ϲ壬ȻİϹһ壬ڷ˽ʱ򣬾ͺһޡ
Ҳ֣ôһǿ壬ô˻֮ȺռݵĻҲûмһ˵ӰӣˣԭϹѾϢ˼֮á
ֻͻȻ֣һԼԱߣҶҪɣǻ᲻ΪԼ
ҶҲո˵Ȼн䱸ȴ׼ʹ뿪Ҫ˵ĺ«ﵽʲôҩ
۵ʱ򣬶ľͻȻһ̧ͷ͸׹⣬ʱ̱ͣٳ
Ƭ֮󣬶ľ͵һӣ䡱һӳΪһ̲ľмһָľм˵һҪ͹ս˭ҪǸҸٸҺĻǵİ
Ȼû뵽Ŷľ̻£ͻȻһվߣḷ̌Ҳ̫ˣϹ壬ѾԶţƬصҲһ壬ûʸָֻš
Ⱥ֮еλˣղŶҶĵûжӹעǸǵˣڶľ̵Ŀʵܲˣͦôľ磬ڻھǸˡ
ڵӣ˵쾳Ѿʮʱˣվ϶΢ѵһ¶ľ̵ġ
˵˵ݣȻǵĴҲе̳С
˵Ľѵľ̷ǵŭ¶ЦݣֻֻҶܹĳЦ֮Դһ˿Ѫȡ
ľɺͷ촽ѵðѵãѾܹˣΪ˱ʾҶľ壬ҡȫʬ
£˵ǰͻȻһɫľ޴Ӱӣһţһ̣˵Ͼ¶֮ɫ
ۣ
˵ͻȻϵĶϳأѪĽӿüĴ궼ͬĽأȻԵ˲Ѿ


1483 
һĻ˶ɵˣʵﵽӣڻҲеˣȻľ̵һûн£ǵˣûסȫʬ
ղŶľΪҪ˵˵ԲƽϣȻû뵽ȻȫʬԷֶʵ̫̣
˳Ծģûܹľ̾ʲôɱˣֻһŵĺɫ޴Ӱӡ
ȻҶˣҲΪȣΪǸɫӰӣȻǵڵһֻһɫ޸ֱۣ
Ȼ֪ӦĳսսȴҶδģһοȻҲŵĸо
һ£ȫվǿ־ôˣﻹٸڴ˵ء
ľȴ򽦵촽ϵļѪٴɨһ˵ȺϺҶûзЩˣɱǸֻͬһˡ
˵֮󣬶ľһָ죬ֵˣǴսһֻʤ߲нԨʸ񡣡
Ԩ
֣ڵͷˮҶжȻӹһ⣬ǾȻҲΪԨľ̻˼ƺѾнԨİˡ
쿴˿ȥǲҲ̶õʬ壬ҡҡͷеĲ豭ȻִӻͳһʯΪʷϣŶҶ˹ֵл
ɵһ֮󣬹վת˶ľ̡
Ȼ˶Ϲ壬Ǳ˴˼Ը̬ʵԶֱˣ񣬶ľ̸߰衣
ҶʼղɫעһǰһԶһƬȥ
ǬСʵʦҲȥԨģҪҪȥ
ҶȷʵȥģǿǵǬǬˣһԷǳԼģԼһ뿪ۻһ˶ԸǬǬʱԼͶǾ͸鷳ҡҡͷȥȻȥԨģʱԨ϶ҲˣҲ߰ɣ
˵ҶȥǬеʧȻҲΥҶĻҸղҲȷʵľ̵ʵ𾪵ˣԵͷվ·
ȻʱѾߵÿҪӰĶľͻȻһͷָ˵˭Ҳ׼뿪Ǳ֮ߣ
Ҫ˲һ㶣ȻжǼΪȴŭԣȻȫԹˣû취ǴͨˣļҲǶľ̵Ķ֡
ҶֻһˣȻǲὫľ̵вϣǬǬֻܺ޺޵׼
Ȼû뵽ǬľƢȴˣͻȻŶľʧķһǾҪߣܰô
һԵǬѾˣǼҲûܽסֱ˵֮̾˿Сӣʦˡ
ǬĬԣȴͬһ㣬ʮҶԶľ̵ıŰΪʼһ̵ԭ򣬾ԼΣա
ֻϧǬȴûпô࣬ǬĻȻĵСӣ˵ôʦˣ̫Եˣܵأѵܹʺƨ
˵֮ǬҶʦ˵ûɣ
˵ʵҶҲһӻˣڶľֻ̳ɱ˵ʱҪˣʱԼԣԼ֣һҲͬʱǬ˳֣Լȣֻǿס
񣬼ȻǬѾݻųȥˣȻΪе嶯ȴҶҲȥˣֻҪСһ㣬Ӧܹ֤Ƕ˵İȫ
΢΢һЦҶ˵Ķûãߣ
ߣľ̿Ц֮ٴδҶ˵ˣ˭Ҳ׼뿪ѵû𣿼ȻôżͶ̥Ҿһ̣

ľ˻δ֣Ǹղɱ˵ǸɫӰȴƾճǬͷϷ
Ҷɱ֣޿̣ȻҪ֣¶ľ̺͹ҪֶԸԼҲ˲ϲˡ
ûҶ֣ͻȻﬡһ촫һɫӰӺס˿ѾǬȥĺɫ޸
ײͬʱɫӰٴһţѾǬǰǰĿḷ̫̌ˣǶ޹֮ˣɱǣʲôģ
磿죬㶼˵ˣˣϹУ˺ЩʲôɱǾ͵ڲֻϣʲôģ
ľ̵ͬһ˹ǰ
üͷһ壬Ȼ׼ȻҶȴһֱվ˵м䣬Ŷḷ̌䵭ĵǲµģǣȴңȻˣҲûа취ˣϹ˲ϵϹûһֻҲоʮֻˣ


1484 ؿؼ
ҶȻѾãȻҲùվԼźŶľ̷ƣ֪һϸ߹ޱȣԼⷬԿԼŭ
ңҲſڿӣʵڷ˽ʱ򣬲绹磬еϹԲ٣Ӧ֮ᶼǴǵеģֻɱĶδܴﵽ˽Ϲޡ
ڻ챻ΪϹ޵˻ͱΪϹ׷ԴǶһġ
ҶĻľһ㶣̶ЦָҶడôϲ̧ԼţƤãЦˣ㻹ɱϰֻǵˣʲôʱ£ɱģ
ҶǾ仰ʱҲһھľôһ˵ȫع˴˶һۣεĵ˵ͷΪҲţҶڴţҲ΢΢ҡͷ
ղž˵ˣϹѾ伣ʱˣҶͲֻжʮ꣬ҵ֮أ޵֮˴ɱ䣬ɱһȺˡ
ǲܵ飬Ϲ಻٣һȺѡס֮鲼ǿʩǾǿҲҴ˵Ҷˡ
ҶƽЦѾĶľ̵ĵ˼˵ˣɱڷ˽ϹޣӦúͬһɣڻڣҵȷһֻûɱֻ˵ǵãûϣ
ľ̵ЦȻֹ˫֮пʼɱ䣺˵Ǽ٣·㵽ʲôˣ
ľҲǳڻ죬Ѿ伣꣬Ȼ֪ڷ˽緢飬Ҳ޷жҶĻǼ٣ȻѾҪɱҶˡ
Ҷĵҵ֣㻹ûʸ֪
ЩǶľǰ˵ģҶԭⲻķ˻ȥĶľ̵ɫʱࡣ
Сӣ̫ˣ
Ŷľ̵Ļ£ǵɫӰٴγ֣һֻڵǿ׳ֱۣһ޸Ѹײڶ֮Ҷ¡
ֱ۵ٶʵ̫죬ڱ˵УȻֻǽһӰһۿҪʧʱͻȻﬡһ
ҶȻ̧Լֵʳָָεļס˾޸ĸУ
ײ޸Ȼײ޲ݣǸղŶԥҪҪ־ҶĹ춼¶ݣȻ˺Ҷ֮ľ롣
춯ǬһǬʾԼҲ˳һξ룬ԷͻȻԼ˶֡
ȻȵĻǶľˣ֪ԼһսǿǱɫ޸֪ǿߣѪ
ȻڣȻҶָͷɵļסˣ
ָ̺֮򵥵ļסУƾľΰзȴҲ޷þ޸·ֺ
˶ܿĳһλ֣ұղľһжûеסҪǿһǰ㡣
ȻʱԾûܹ³ҶݣȴϣҶܹúýѵľһ٣ΪģΪһڶ
ľĵû뵽Ȼе㱾£ѹָ˿ǲļҵ£
ǡҶҡҡͷ
Ī۹ˣ
ҶͻȻָһֱӽǱɫ޸ͷסֱ۸˸߿֮ϣһЦϹȻһֱǶڵƻΪ˽ģȻ֪һЩǿߵ֣ܿϧҲ֮еκһ
ֱͬͷѾҶһ֮·ɵ˸߿գȻһâ֮ʧľͻȻ˺Ҷ֮ľ룬ĵ˭㶼ˡ
ˣ
ľĿͻȻ俪ʼҵ𵴣šһȻȼһɾĺɫ档
ɫ֮Уһ޴ĺɫӰӸֶľϵҲƶ䡣
ڣɫӰӴӻ֮еһͷֺɫͷɫؼ׵ĺɫˣֽպɫ޸ճȭƺҲץʲôȴûʵ塣
ȻղŶľͷųĹɫˡ
Ҷصע⿴˾ֱۺͼ֮һ˿϶治ֱ֪ܹġ
ɫؿؼףͬһڤһ㣬ɽͷųһɿµϢ˶Ϣĸо
ϢԽԽǿߵҶҲֲ֮УЦһҶͷȻֳ˺ɽ
˶ʱɽ
ľҲ¶ɫѿڶҶ


1485 
ɽҶר֮£¾ڣҲֻһܹӵ˴ֱʣ֮ʼĺԪɽչã
ˣɽȻ֪Ҷݣ뵽йòĴԣһѪɫᣬӿȷˡ
ɽУͷųԪҶȻҲǸؿؼ׾ͷųѹϢҲ
ҶͷɽһŶľ˹ȥɫԾƽͷң
ʦܣѪҶû뵽ȻӲٷ
ǰղ㲻˵־Լͽܣ϶ˡ
ºˣҶ֣ҿľ̻ô񣡡
ʵҶڻڵֻһЩ̫ɵĴڻӰ쵽ĴԺŻǳĳԹǶǰЩ˵ҶǵУֱĻǵĴʡ
ǣ𾪹Щ̲סʼҶͣ
Ϲˣ
ԼҶľ̵ɫ˲Ϣ֮һٱ䣬Ȼͬĺɫˣʼˡ
Ȼľ֪ҶȻҲ֪紫ķзĹҶȥҪǿߵ׵˵ȻηҶ뵽żֿ־壬ɲԼĴҶȪ·
ȻΧ˵źȴѣҶսӣպҲٳڻˡ
ʱ򣬹ҲѾ˵ս֮⣬ȻҲҪҶжǿ
ҶȻͣ½ŲȻڲϺ˵Ķḷ̌¶΢Ц㲻ҪɱΪʲôұôԶľ룬òҰɣ
ľѪɫͼѪ⣬ͣ˽ŲĶҶ˵㻹ûѴ׷ɱ޷ĵƣ
ǵģǲǵһ汳Ҷ΢΢һЦģҪ϶ҲˣҾƾ㣬һҪõơ
ҶҪ̫
ֲˣ
Ҷ仰ǽľĶҪѪˣʱ˿Ҳ˲η壬ŭúúãҾɱ㣡
ľ˫ͬʱһӣֻǸʼΡȻɽĺɫ˵˫ͻȻʧ˲ͳҶǰһֳ־޸£һճȭȻҳ
ҶڲϵƼŭḷ̌ȴû˿֮⣬ϹȷǸǿ󣬺ֲܿ壬ÿһ嶼жصطľĹʽҶδţ˲ҵġ
Ѿ˳սֵĹ죬ʱȴǵû뵽ľ̾ȻѾȺˡ
Ϲһ壬Ȼ己࣬Ǵȴŷһ񣬾
˵ʼ棬Ϊĳ֣˸ָܹٻҹԼǲҲûмܹȻڶľ̾Ȼˣ֪Ƕľһʵ͵λǼΪǿġ
ΪˣԶľҲ۸ڶĿһУδͬǷ
Ҳ̬Ǳ仯ǧֻͼ̬ԶľĿǰʵֻٻ
ʵٻĳԶսķʽҶǲİΪͼΪóҶۼٻüηڵĻ˲ڡ
ֻٻ˲ںͶľٻȴŸһһʵ
˲ڣǷеһΪٻ۶Ȼʵ壬ڣֻ
ղҶָס޸ʱȴĸоֻס޸ֱǿ׳ͬ˵ֱһ
ﬣ
飡
ҶֳѪסµľ޸ֱӿֻȭӭȻҳȭͷ
ڹѪ𣬽ڣ޾Ŀ֮κһ㣬ܷӿܣƵ˲òƴˡ
Ҷֻо˫һʱ֮оȻһ̾Ϣ֮ԶƮ죬·ھ⣬ȴ˵Ϊ֮𶯣ҶҲ⣬Դ֮ɲǼ죬ͬʱö
֮̾
׳񣬾ȻͷųĹίʵҶϣ뵽Ҷͷ֮ϣȴĸֳһ۵ģͭĴӡ
ӣ
ϧľ̲ûĿʱľսԲ֪ӵĿֲ֮ɨһӣʹЦӦѾ֮̾סҶ˹ȥ


1486 һ

ӶȻһֱӽ̾Ϣ֮ѹȥͬʱҶͻȻˡ
ѪȻһһ޴Ѫɫâֱӽľ޸ٴϸ߿գͬʱȭ֮ҲſѪ⣬ȭӲĽȭͷ˳ȥʮԶ
жǿ󣬱˲֪Ƕľ̿ǼΪ˵һҶ޸ΪԼûȫһΣ֪Ҷ֮ǲ˿дȻȻ䣬ȭͷͷҶˣٴ˹Ҷһšǿͬ޵У
ϧʱѾˣҶв֮󣬶Ȼս˶ľ̵ǰȻԼȭͷݺݵŶľ̵ȥ
񻤷
Ŷľһߺ𣬡ৡһͬһͻȻ˶ľ̵ǰסҶȻȭ˿ֱݺһȭҳ
䣡
ؿؼףҶ屶񣬱ҶһȭиȻ޴ĳײúһ
꣡
һ񸹲ĺɫ֮ϾȻһ˿ѷ죡
һȭ֣ҶȻһǾһȭĸٴκȻ¡
䣡
ϵѷԭȵһչ
ˣ
ǹҶ˿̵ƾ裬ҶûʩչκսҲûнκԼһֻȭͷȻͽϹ׶ѡ
ۣ
ͻȻſͣһںɫѪͷ֮Ҷһѵ˵λȻţȻôܻᱻԼѪأ
ˣ
ȴǽʧ¶˱סĶḷ̌˿̶ľ̵Ŀڽͬһ˿ɫѪҶʱȻ
ȻǶľٻģĳ̶ֳϣʵǺͶľΪһ壬ԼȭͷҲܹסһЩľȻͬܣѪĲ񣬶Ƕľ̡
˿̶ľ̵ϺݷܹγѪѪɫͼȻת
Ҷˣ
޻
¡һ죬ոʧȻٴγ֣ȻһɫؼףֻԴȴǲΣһͷֱֻҲǱֻҲƣŷ絶ָ׵ĳơ
𣡡
޻ͻȻ췢һŭ𣬶岢ûжֱֻȴٿȻʧ
飡
촫ֱֻۺȻҶǰסҶ֫絶ָ׶ĲҶС
ֻȻؼ׵ֱۣ˿̼Ⱪǣؼ׶ĸ߸߹𣬿֪̺֮
ҶȻҲˣǴ˿ֱֻ̱۸ץסоǱֻǯǯסһá
ˣ
𶯣ҶǰĿռ俪ʼ̮¶˺ɫգƬ֮Уֱֻ֣֮˫סǱɫ޸׼ҶԴ
ֻҪ˫ֱۻȥҶԴͻᱻ£
ʦ
ǬǬһĻŵþг׼һеĳȥҶȻվһԵĹȴһӣһεǽǶ˵סȥҲ
ǹȥ
Ȼ֪ҲĿҶǰ壬ȻʱҶȴǶȻһЦģˣ
ҴԲѣߣȫʬ
ľҲҶʲô£Լæ߶񣬾޸£ҶԴݺݿȥ

һѪͻȻ֮ӿ޴˻ֱӽ˫ž޸ֱ۸˽ȥţһƬѪ縡֣ҶȻץסֱֻҲѪ֮С
Ҷһ磡
ȻûǴ󲿷ȴ˵Ҷڶܴʱ򣬾ȻγԼĶһ硣
ƬѪ磬ȻˣҶ˳飬ڲٷϱչ£ɹĽӡڣڷҶİ֮£ɹⷽȫԼС
ⷽ統УҶף±幩ҲΪ
ҶѪ֮ϣأһ壬ͽֱֻ𿪣·ޱѪ֮У˲ͱ˻ûӰ١
񣬲ˣḷ̌ҵɣ
ҶһЦֱѪɫ˳ҲγһֻѪɫĴ֣Ŷľץ˹ȥ
ľɫҰףΪԼѾ޷ٻֱֻۣϾҶһ磬Լķ֮ڶľʵͲҶ£ͻƷ֮
ųԼѪɫ֣ľһ˿⣬ٿȻˣһָҶҶ֮裬ձؽʮ


1487 
ϹĶḷ̌Ȼˣ
Ȼڳô˶Ҷʤǵĳ֮еˡ
Ͼոһλĸ֣ԶľһжסˣȻҶƺûжȫ֮£ѾľˣһȽϣҶʵ֮ߣѾ޴Ӳ²⡣
治ʦܣһ֮ᾹȻʵ
ǰܼɳȥպȻһֻϧ
ĻҶ棬û˸˵Ǳ˴ȴ֪Ӳ׷ɱҶʵԶڴʱĿܣ̸ʲôԺ
Щ˶Ҷ˸мȻҲҶеϧ
ҶѪ磬ߵǰ˵ͷлл
ղŶ˹סǬǬȻĻǺпܻľ̵Ķ֣ҶҲĵл
ȻҶҲΪԼǰͶľϷԼеǸϾҲϹ壬ҶҲ޷ʲô
л֮Ҷתߣ׼ǬǬ뿪ǰԨȻʱȴͻȻʶҶ֣ҲµûĻӦҲҪȥԨɣ
ǰľ̾ͶԹ˵֮һս֮ʤ߲ʸ뵽ԨҶʱҲһ˼ѯʣû뵽쾹Ȼᵽ⡣
Ҷͣסش𣬵ǹѾŵ˶࣬ҶԸĻǰͷ
ã
Ҷк棬ȻǲܾǴǬǬЩݵǰ߹΢ЦĶǵ˵ͷ뿪ˡ
ߵһƧ֮أѾ﹧򣬿ǬǬ¶֮ɫȻղסǣǹϾҲϹ壬Ȼ޷
û£ЩҪ˵
Ҷֳ˰˰ڣʾڴ˵ȺԼ˹졣
칰һҶֿ¶ҶᣬȻҲϹһ壬һҲ˶ľ
ﶼԣкþлҶȻ㣬ҹѾ˵ôˣԼҪٶв֮ģԵԼСˣˬһЦ˵ǣֻҪֲԸ͹ֽѡ
֮ã
һЦ֮󣬱˴˼Ի࣬ҶҲˣֱ˵ʵ֣ղľ˵ҲҪԨ
ֹǣϹݷ֮úѾд󲿷ѹ׼Ԩ
Ҷ˵ɲʲôϢϹһǿ󵽿µ˿ڸ۹ԨȻأΪѺͺǵ˵ԭǺԼӦѷǵУϹҪԨʲôͼĻԼȻӲܡ
֣ˡð֪еԭ𣿡
ҶúͷԣȻ⻹ܣò˶֮󣬿¾ͻ˾֪Ĵܵõͣ˹Ԩȡһ
ҶȻݣͣʲôȻܹ嶼Ϊ֮
Ȼȴҡͷ֪Ҷ֣ҹأ֪鲻˵Ĳ֪ҺͶḷ̌ЩˣֻǸ̽·ģԨĶֻЩ˲֪
ѡһЩǿɵһͳλһЩϵȺĴ¡
ô£
ָָͷϵյͣʵڸһǰֻʸ
Ҷǲİڷ˽ʱ򣬷Ҳյڻһֶ
Ҷͷ˫֮ͻȻⱬ䣬ŹΪʲôҪЩң
ΪûжľôԴ֪ԼܽԨܹȥҲȻȥ޻أԨ֮壬ʵ֮£Ҳܺ棬Ҫ֪Ԩ֮еʲôҶְæҶܹԨĻʲô֪һ
ô֪ܽԨ
ǣЦЦͷħ죬׷ɱȴΪ˳ΪӻǺҶ֮ĹϵͲϸ˵˰ɣҲŶ϶Ҷܹ˳Ԩ
ҶȻ䷢֣λ죬ƺԶԶϿôͣȻԼ֪ôǺԼĹϵܴĵӶƲԼܹԨ
ϣײŶܣ
ȻѾԹģҶȴǲɫЦݵ֣Ӧæû⣬֪ܵõʲôô


1488 츳
һЦ¶һڽ׵ݵôҵƾҶֵݵλһ벻֮£ʲôܹҶֵķۣȥֻ飬պҶʲôҪЧĵطԵ߾ȫ
Ҷȷûʲôܹ۵ĶˣͬҲҪ飬ֻ΢һ֮ȴͷðɣǾô˵ˡ
ƺ֪Ҷ϶ӦԲû¶ʲôϲ֮ɫֻƽĵͷлҶˣģҶִԨ֮ȻϵģΪ˱˿ҾͲҶǰԨˣǣ
仰֮󣬹̴򿪿ռ֮ţֱ룬ʧ٣Ҷվԭ˼˰Ҳ벻Ŀģֻη£ǬǬ˼ǰԨ
·̼ΪƽҲ֪ΪҶ˶ľ̵ϢѾ˳ȥʲôԭһ·ҶûпϹˡ
ҶԨڡɽ
ɽһƬߵɽΪ˵Ӹ¿ȥɽһڵϵɴ˶һһ˵˵ԭȾһΪ죬콵𷣣ɽ
ڱ˵ֻǸ˵ǵҶɽֵʱоָоɽҲһʥһ
ɽǰһ߰ͬɽ壬ҶӿԿ϶Ȼһвڵء
ɽ֮ǿ˿ڲٷ塣
ԨɽУȷѵѡ
ʱ˿̣ɽһƬžûУ˵Ұ޷ݵĴˡ
ȻһжǰͣΪɽû˲ʲôĵԵ뵣ֳټԨ֮ǿʥ塣
쳤ؾûں֮£γһɶеϢܹ飡
ϢܰڲǵϢ˼ɽУҲһܹҵԨڡ
ҶڿǣԼҵԨǽѻֱӴԼ˹ȥ
ԨֻԨأʦܿ𣿡
ǬĴܣȻǵһԶУȴҲ˵ԨĴվĴɽ֮ϣȻΪ
ǬԵõĶ࣬ϵĴܵɽ򣬺ȻһָʦԱطҪŨ᲻Ԩڡ
Ҷ˳Ǭָ˹ȥвһΪǬ˵һûȷȱĵطҪŨһ㣬ŨʮޣһˣԷ֣ǬȻô̵ʱͿ
˵ǬˣҶڵƵȵƺӵűûе츳
Ҷ̲סǬһ۵ǬЩʵԼģϸôġ
ҶҪ֤ǬǷ츳ǵĻôԼԿǽˡ۴˵ܹΪһλƷʦ
ǬĬĬĹ۲ţǬͷЩôǸûж
ҶЦŵЩǼ˵ǾֹĻôѾƣʲôˣǻġ
Ƭ֮ǬָʦҿˣЩǴطģȻ߷ֱ𲻶˴뵽Էĳ֮ܶʼ޾
ҶдϲǬ˵ȫȷָطһǵӿ֮أһӿ֮أڿطζںϣֱջع顣
ӣǬųΪƷʦ츳
һҶ벻ջ񣬲ȻҲǽǬʱ򣬴Ǵ֮أϸѰ˰죬ڰɽһ۵ɽ
Ԩ
һСڣǬеʧȻҶҡҡͷﲻԨڣȻƮ滹кĿռ䡣
ҶǰǬǬں棬˽ɽ
ɽ֮ڣһ˰ʱ֮ڵ˾ͷǰȻһ޴ʯдĸ֡
Ӧˡ
ǬߵʯԱߣȴʯȻǺɽһ𣬸û˿Ŀ϶һֻҲֽܷȥ
Ӧлطӡ֮ĶΪ˱һǽһλæɣ
ҶûиǬǬ˵йѪ飬ʱȻҲûʱϸ˵ֱӽٻ˳
վɫȻ䣬һӣһɾֱӽʯǬǬ˻һˣ
𣡡
һͻȻڶ


1489 
𣡡
ɽ󣬶˿춯أɽʼҡΣʯм׷׵䡣
ѽǬǬӲĸͬʱǰʯ֮ϵĸֶȻһſĿǰĿռһƬڰա
ۼֿ죬ôǬǬ˱ȻѾƬ֮ڡ
һ󣬺ʧ»ˡĸ֣ڰҲϣһжָƽǸղʲôûзһ
ǬǬѾŵɫ԰ףֻһ˵֮УҲ޷
˵ʵҶû뵽ﾹȻ˹Ź֣ʯϵܹһܷա
ѳһһ˿ϲ֮ɫ͵˴Ԩڣһ壬ʵҲǷӡһ֣ĸֿԸ֮ܵϢֻҪ壬̻ữΪգ
ҶҲе£ǲգǿɲһʱܹǬǬˡ
ʱǬѾӺлعѣֿҶʦ˭
Ҷ򵥵Ϊ˻˽֣֮Ҫϲģû뵽ȴǸһţ֪Ԩھںδ
¶΢ЦȷҺܾϲˣû뵽Ȼһػһ죡Ҵȥڡ
˵ϵЦʧ̾˿ֻôȥˣӡ֪ûн
Ҷ֪ʲôӡӦǽʥ޵еĴڣַӡħ춼޷ͻƣԿһ
ӦѾ˰ɣȻĻҲܻӻҵѡ
Ըɣ
ѴҶתɽȥ߳ɽ֮ܿ˰κͻȻһָһۼһѽƲʵĵطǣ
Ѿ˸߿գҶʦͽ˲ԭԨڲɽڣɽ֮ϡ
㹻أκ˶
ƬƲʲƲʣ嵱ǿ۶ɣʮ겻ɢҲ뵽ƬƲʻԨڡ
һΪ˽ͣһѾƲ֮С
Χͬ޻һİɫƲʣǬ̲סȥоƲʲûʲô
Ϊ˱ˣ֮ӡֻҪ㲻ǿӡͲκηӦȻҲ֣ӶȷԨһʧ
ȷֲʵǱĲãϣɽϣƲ֮Уָӡҷǿ޷Ӱ
˲³ԨƬƲ֮УǾûм˸ǿϾļӡ˭ҲûܹȻߡ
ѵǺ޹˼ɣ˵ͬʱҲֳŽɫĹâһֱֱƲ֮ϡ
ˡһ촫Ʋ֮ͻȻһŰ׹⣬һƬۿȥȻ͹һɫ
˴˿վĵطͣ˵ĸоƺֻҪſͣ̾׵ĽҶȫɡ
ʲôʲôҶ˵иո뵽ͷͿǰȻľͻſ˶͡
ȻƲʹɣ֮Ȯȥޱȵʵ͸ǿԿӿȣл˸硣
òԨڰɣǬͷʵ
ѵٴ¶˼֮ɫͷԨڣӡȻɴڣǾȻѾɶӦҵȻ˷ӡǿԽԨˣ
ԨʵѵļңȻžǰȴûż룬ȻȴҶ
ãǽȥ
Ҷһ£Ҳ̲סȾһ˽ȥҶСĵģǻȴȥ
ȻѵļңӦǲʲôΣյġ
һ˸ոȫ죬ǡˡһ쾹Ȼٴλպϣ˻ͷʱֻͬ޻һİɫƲʣ޷ٿΣǰȴԾɫԺڰҶ˸оΪ
Ѱ˵û£ΪڲŻῪҽԨ֮УȻֻ£ĶǧΪǿԳ壬ǿкô
֪ˣ֣ȫģ·ɣ
ԨǻĽأҶھһĨڣȻֻܸˣȻҲŹǿĻᣬǬǬѻµʱѾʼˡ


1490 ֻԴ
ҶҲЩڣȻȷе泩ǶȴѾûʲôãϾǿ̶ȣ±Щͷߣ˵Ҳ޼ˡ
ǬǬ֮ɫ̱ͨ죬Ҳʼ΢΢Ӧڳʹ࣬Ҷȴͨʶڵı仯ȷżĺô
֣ţɲԣ
ҶһᣬϾǧѷĻᣬѿڣǬǬѾȵʦǿһһ
Ѿ뵽صԨ֮ˣܷŹ۽Ļᡣ
ҶȻ֪ǵ뷨ЦҡҡͷǾǰɣ
Ǽǰ·βȻ˿ѱضǹƼȴٶȣȻΪչǬǬˡ
ԭҶΪȻѾԨڣôӦúܼܿˣȻû뵽һ߾Ȼһʱ䣡
о·ûյһԶ߲ͷѽ͵Ԩ֮óģԨȻɽף·ۣΪ
ڣǰͣ˵ҶҲ֪طˡ
ǰȻһƬΡĽȺƵǣȴޱȾ޴СĶʮ׵ĸ߶ȣڸߵģǳס
ƬȺȻλɽ£Ϊ֮ͬâ˸ԲԵúڰǬ˵ĿҲܿһĿȻ
Ǭͨ죬ͱսʱ򶼸һ㣬һʱڲϵ壬ȷʵЧʱ򳤳һڵԨˣ
Ȼȴǿһ۵˭˵ԨˣﲻǸ˾סĵط
Ҷʶ㣬仰ҲǱסˣôһƬƴһۿͷĽȺȻԨֻ帺Ԩ˾סĵطԨж
ǬǬǳԾŴͣһ仰˵ˡ
Ǽǰ߰ɣ
ѼƬȺȻոߵһ룬ͻȻһͬװߺˣ
һǺܿعͣ½Ųѣ
ѣ
Ǹ͵͵ظ˼֮ͻȻһ޴Դǰ֮̽˳˵ǰ
ҶҲԴһΪʶʼѲ󣬵ȴûвƬŵĽȺоȻĴڡ
ܿҶͲ³еԭ򣬶ԷضˣǿԽڵԼ
Դͺʹ˵еΪƣͷǣԴ֮ȴǹͺͺġ
޴ԴҪѵһ𣬶ȴ˿壬ȻԭأɶԷԼͬʱҲڹ۲ŶԷƬ֮΢΢һЦģ
ԴȻһ˫ͬĥ̴С۾ɿգºô֪ģѣôô죬㵽Ǻˣ
ৣ
ƽһ磬ܵɿƮɢ˹ڿ֮Уһ峤׵ľ֣֮ư磡
ֻκʥ޼ֻ֮ȴǶһԳ
˫ᣬΪӦ
Ȼѵı࣡
ǸԴȻԲ۾һգգĶѿ˰֮ͻȻǣӦ㣬ˣӦ峤ѣǰȻţ
ѵ˵ͷпǧĵǰһţ
̫ˣ̫ˣǰţоˣ
ͷԵҶͻȻ˲Ծ۶Ȼ򿪣һһĿŶԷٴοȥжȻһѿڶꣿ
ʱͷԲע⵽ҶͬС࣬ͬҲǾ֮дһ˿мǾȻࣿ
˲ָΣĿҶ˵ֻꣿ

ҶͷΪʵ̫Ũ궼ֳһֽʵ״̬ңꡭֻһԴ
仰ǽǬǬųһ亹ԭΪԵ϶֮УȻû뵽ȻֻһԴ
龰ͻ˾ֲֿĸоһȺںһֻԴԵ˵
ǵģֻҵ꣬ܵӡӰ죬Ҳֻܽ
ԳҶ˵ʵҲΪҶȻܹԼ쳣ԶҶ̬ЩĸĹۣ֮Ҳû˸ղŵĲм


1491 
ʲôʲôܵӡӰ죬Уղ˵оˣôһ£ѵ˵ѣ
һʳô⣬ɼѾ˽
òײٴλصԼļңȻȴԼļ˾Ȼֻʣһ꣬һֻԴںԼ˵˵ĻûͷûβȻ޷ġ
ֻԣȻֻǽԴ꣬ʵȻͣȻҲСƽһԼ֮ڿʼ渵뿪֮󣬷顣
ʵľӣҲҶ˵ģе˺һж֮ģɴɵ۹Ϊף˵ʱǿļ϶Ԩ˹
Ǵδս֮ҳ̶ȣѾˣֻǼ򵥵˵һ䣬ԲŻ᲻òӡʥ֮Ԩȫķ
ӡȻǵʥģΪ屾ҲһǿȺԴûжùȻҲ֪÷ӡ֮ĺ
˵ͣ˶Դ¶һ˿ЦǰӡȻԱ壬ȴҲȫӡͬ˯һ㣬ˣ˵ˡ
춯ҶȻڳ˯֮У֪²ѹ

ҶѼͬĺ֡
϶ĵͷǵģڴս֮ǰǸոմʰһֻȻ֪ǼȻΪˣȻҪȻû뵽ʱսͻȻֻͬͺһȫܵӡӰ죬뵽˻˯״̬֮С
ڴǰͻȻĪ˹ֻϧҵȻֻܶʶѣҵȽǿҵƴŬ֮£ڵӣɹĽ뿪
ҿֻȻԼ˷ӡ˹ҲΪͷųӡɶͬʱҾѡ
ҶʼھĻʱ̲סʵ֮ǰмλ˵ܵǵıӻǲǾɵģʲôط
ȻҶԼĻе㲻ˣΪϹһ࣬н죬ҪԭǰͣǶȻʲôøС
ղҶۿ״̬ҲƺҶΪʶҶȻǷҲû̫˿ļλѣòֻħ޺ɣ
ǣ
˺ǵ֣Ҷ̲סǰһ׷ʵģ
һۣҲͬԴѯʵעŻشģû£ͷҲǰˣҲ˺ǵģڷ
һ仰Ҷ۾е㷢ֱ

ҶѼĳȻ϶ǲַʽȻ޿ɱ뵽ˣͺͬѼſһֻϵΡ
ԭӡɶѾҪѿ֮󣬾״̬ʼԨԼѲ
ķҪȻõģȻԨ֮еҲԼܣԼѣҲܻ
ʶܹҲܹȫƿӡӶͷųеˣʼ취ˡ
ɵǣû죬״̬ŸղҶһ·ĵ·ѲʱⷢԨڣҲƬƲ֮⣬ȻǿһŴʱϲ⡣
羹Ȼ˴ڣôܹλԨ֮Уæôϣ塣
ˣ˻ƴɢΣգԼס˴˫
ȻԨ֮򶷵ľǴӱһ·Ӵܵĺǵˣͷ߾
ʼڱ׷ϣɽϿգһһ֮£ԭ·磬ʱˡ
ǲ֪·ǻĽԨǱȴ֪ļΪĴڣǻйϵʱʱͽǸˡ
֮һɺ֮£ǾͱԨھԨ֮ڷ
ҶҲ޷ļֱ˵ĵȥǣ
ȻȴҡҡͷУ


1492 Ԩ
У
ҶȻٴһ֮϶ʱɢһǿƣۼܵƵѹ֮£Ȼȼ˲ѾȻ޴档
ǬǬʱҲһվҶȻҶʱ䲢̫Ҳ֪ڵҶѾŭˣ
ǺȻޣǶҶ˵ֵһ㣬ò֪ǵ䣬ȻҪ̼һˣȻȻ˸ɴľܾԼҶŭˡ
ҶͬһħһѪ죬۳ΣȺϿգ˫֮У̫ͼѾ֣תƴ
ȻҶǿһȴҲԼϣҲ̫ûˣȻֻͣ˫ֱĵҶֵ¼µ˼
ʱѾߵһһԵм䣬ȶҶ԰꣡
ţתΪʲôУ
Ȼ˽Ҷʵ࣬ǿ̬ԼǿʵӵҲ治һҶĶ֣һͬ壬һˣζǴ
Ȱ裬ҲʶȤһҲǼǣǸû취ǣҲ֪ô£Ǽʱڣһֱڰæ֮УǾڰ֮ǰۿĵǶѾƵʱӡͻȻǿֻǼڵ򣬽Ƿ
Ҷĥλ˼ѾȻ֪Ϊʲôˣ
˵ĿⶼȴĽ͡
ӡӡԨǻӡ˵Ȼʱͻ˷ӡƣҪͷųȻҲ֮ǿ÷ӡӦٴνӡˣźǼĴڣӡ˸ӡˣ
ͷǰ˵ĶԣӦþܡ
Ҷüͷ΢ѵǾôܽͷų
ӡ
ͬʱĻش
ȻشҲҶ˿
ӡ
ǲܵ飡
ħ춼޷Ҫδ뿪ҲеϣֻƾҶһˣܳʱʩչƣһĥӡԸûκοܴӡ
֮ҶܲȴȥǣԶһҲУ
صûзˣͷ
˵֮˶Դֱת˹ȥȻԴ֮û壬ֻһԴڿлУ˵Ĺ졣
Ĵ֮£Ҷһд˽ȺڿһƴĺڰԨͬһŹĴ죬׼ɽеһС
ԨԨ֮£סˣ
ڿԨĵһۣǬͺȻһƨ˵£ԼŵʲôôоԨ֮ʲôҪҵȥһ
ǬǱǬǿ㣬Ҳֻǿۺ͹ԹԵҲ˵һԣȻû˵ɫеɷס
ǵĵ㣬Ԩס֮أȻһӰ죬Ǽ棬㻹ҪҪȥˣ
˵ⷬʱԴһƣҶȴֻǵɨһ۾͵ͷȥ
˵֮ҶǬļңȥ
ҶǿǶɽ֮󣬸ԼѪҲ˳ȫ뵽֮УԨȻκβ֮С
ټҶ֪Լ͵ʮԵԨȻΪֲǺ͵Ѫʱεһƣ޾⡣
Ҷ̬ȵļҲе⣬ǵͷðɣҴȥ
ǣҶѸԾԨǬǬϷȺ
Ԩ֮УԴԴϴ·ӿˮεγŨ֮
ո䲻׾룬Ҷ΢΢һΪԨʯ֮ϣȻһֻʮ׳Сԣſһ
֮£ĿСԵܲһεĽɫ·ҲеƣȻԴӡ
ע⵽ҶĿ⣬̾˿СţԵƤսٵʱЩӶԨ֮£ȴ͵͵һ·ͱӡסˣ˸ࡣ
£Ȼͬ˵ֳʮθˣеͬСԨʯڱӡסеֱӱӡ˿УÿĿе嶼ǲȱ˺ۡ
ҶܹܵĵڱӡһʱеķŭΣ


1493 ӡ
ЩӡסĸָˣҶﶼӿһŭ⣬κһ壬ǿСǶȨȻȴһЩ飬ΪԼ߸ϣΪԼ棬ԶȡᣬǵɱȨ
ΪЩĴڣһĲҾ磬ǿ嶼֣֮ûʥӡϲûҲû塣
岻ǵһ壬ȻҲһ
ԴӽԴ֮ѵɫͱ࣬ڸݷܹγˮ˿еķŭҶΪսս֮󱻶ѪŹڡ
ھ˳ʱ֮Ҷڽ䵽Ԩĵײһе˵ƽ̹·ֱǰ죬ͷ
ʱѾҪ·ˣֱԽǽŲմصǰȥ
Ҷ·˰֮ǰȻˮӿҶѯʣѾԿһߴ׵ľ޴Ķڣ֮⾹Ȼˮ
ֱʱҶŻȻ嶼ˮеģ
µԨºܹ뵽ɽɽ£ȻһƬ嫵ˮ
һԲֱӳˮ֮Уˮһ֮ڳһƬĹղżԨ֮ϵĽȺǰһƬҪӵĻֺʹ
ľס֮ء
ҶûȥΡ룬ѵٶҲԽԽ죬빬֮ᳵ·ĴҶһȥȫһĹ֮شһСĹǰ
ӦþҾͲȥˣȥתת
ã
Ҷ֪ļңڻص˼ңȻȥҵı仯
һѾʧԥһ֮󣬻ǸҶ󣬽С
ոս빬ҶͿ˺Ǻ
ǣצǣСڣ
޶˱࣬Χһ𣬶ǵмһһߵԲ壬żִѷ죬Ȼ
ǣ
Ҷһǵߣĺǵ֣Ǹ޷Ϊǵܣͬ˸ŽƷӡǵ״̬ҲǰЩһһ㡣
ۿԼֵܾͽߣȴԲܶҶȻѪɫ档
ʲô
ʱһ
ӡ
ҶȼѪɫ֮ϣȻ˰Ѫɫгɰ˽ǵ״βĲϡ
̸ӡҲǵҶԼĵƣһĥѪ
ҶȷǲԼܹӡǿǵˣȴ޷Լһ£ܷԼĵĥƷӡ
㡭
Ȱ裬ǿҶǲϸ߰սȴǲټ˵ɴı͡
ѪεǶҶ֮ҶͻȻٴųϤ⣬һһƵߵ˺ǵ˵ͷϷ¡
ʵ̼䱩ǶеƷӡҶʼԴӡ
վһԣעⷬ龰¶֮ɫƬ֮Ҳ˽Σɫͬ䡣
֪ҶʩչƵģҲ˽ҶƢڿ¾ǰҲ޷ֹֻԡ
ʱһһĹȥܿǰʱˣʱϿͻȻˡ¡¡
Ȼ̧ͷɵĵô⣬ôܣ
ɲΪˮǵ¾ͷŹ㣬޴ڣ
Ѿһ嵽Ҷߣס֣
Ѫ֮ҶʩչƵʱҲܳʱͻᱻ֣Ѿļޡ
ҶԼҲȻھͻڴ֣֮еƣٿȻ۾¶һҡҡͷӡȷ̫ǿԼ㾡ȫҲ޷ֺ
֣δӡ
ѳƬ̵ȱӡһ취ûУӡȻɶôҲһЩǿ֮пܴӡ
ǴҪǿߣ
ʮȻԽԽã
ʮǿߣ
ڵľǿߵܹᳬȻҪʮǿ֮пܴӡͬһɵ
ȻҶúȴǵͷ֪ˣڣҾȥʮǿߣ


1494 ð
֮ҶǬǬϻ˲ٷ壬һνѪ˳ȫټһ𣬽ԼԨ˵˳ȻˣȴǵķӦ
ȫĬȻ˳Ϲ֮λĶǾǿߣǹԨ飬Ҳǵһ˵е޷ʲôķӡȻҪʮǿߺпܴơ
ȻҲ֪Ҷ˵ѣԸ濼̫֮ȿڵʮǿߵ̫ѣڳЩˣϺ£ҺϷҲҵˣʮûģʣµĶʮȥļң¥ȥ迴
ĽŵвľǿǷһ飬Ҳ߰˸ˡ
ҩɿһֳ뻯ҩ֪ȹˣӵɺͼƷҶǷϾܿ
Ȼȴҡҡͷʵǿһ۸ڶƽ˹֮⣬ûʲôܹˣһǰȥˣҲϣڣܣȻͬ⣬ҲͻһˣԴʮ֮
Ϊĳ峤Ҳг˳֮ǿߣ֪Щǿǵ뷨
򵥵˵ûܹǵ棬ǲֵܳģοǶԨ֣
ȻҶǵӡм˻ҶȻôѺõĹϵΪҶ֣֮Ϊ˹Ԩ
˵Ŀȫе˳ϣȻΪѪʦ˼˺
˳ЦЦ˵ʮǿߣٶҲ⣬ֻƵӡô˻ᣬΪһЩˣ
ˣħӵĵСˣܰæȥӡģ϶ǵѣɱ
Ȼ˳ҡҡͷֻˣǾ취һЩǿߵѣҪûһЩˣǾͿǵĵɳǿǰԨ
һ˵˶ͷˮѪĵˣôܻҶɳľǿȥӡأ
ҶҲȥˣֱ˵ʵҪǵĻô
ٺ٣ղų˵ˣҪЩǿֵ߳ĻҪ㹻ǵ棬Ǿ͸ĸԸȥԨ
˵Ѿˣ˳İ취ҪƭЩǿǣԨܹ֮ǵĺöĻκȥȰ˵ǾͻԨ¶˵Ҳǵһˡ
ȻҶȴе㵣ĵĵĴӡԨƾǵʵҪɸɱ٣
ʵӡѾɶˣֵİǶԨֻҪһ룬ȻһЩأŻǿԸһЩģֻǣȷҪðա
˳˵ҪðһյģϾôľǿߣһʵǸߵˣܹ˺أĲˣһסǵĻʱƱֻһѡ
ҶԥˣϾ漰İΣܽ嵱նյ˺֮£Ҷѽ˳˳뷨Ȼᡣ
Ȼ֮ȴ¶һ˿һͷôҪʲôֻҪҽԨҾͿ΢һӡһ
ȻѶЩ˺ʹȻлԶԸǣȻŹ
а𣿡
ģҲ˵ȥðյģҾаգ
ã
ȻλӦǰ峤ͬˣҶȻûоܾɣοѪ˵һ¡
Խε飬ѪԿĵһĴսܹɹĨһЩǿߣҲش
ҲԸѪڻ
ҶҲ뵽Ϲ壬ǽͶľ̵Ҳ˵˳Ϲ֮ͻȻ֣һ־ͶԨżȤʱǻ᲻Ϊǵļƻ
ڳ˶Ϲ嶼İǷħǼΪķΪϹҲǾס򣬺ħǲ֪ٴεսȻħӮ٣ҧгݵĵǲͷڹˣߣħߺ֮Ҳˡ
˳ͻȻ̧ͷҲ£Ϲ֮ԻͻȻ֣ӦþΪǿ


1495 ̬
ҶҲİΪڷ˽ʱ͵õһСҲԨ֮бӡסˡ
ǿҶΪߵ˲֪ԭҲѣΪСԵ̰Ի
Ϲʧ³֣ҾȻΪԨеõǿȻе⡣
ǿŵòϹİɣ
ϴˣϹĵԨôϹҪջػпԭĻҪʲôأ
ǵȷӦӼʥޣȻĻѲܻẳӡġ
شҶѡ
ӣ
ҶѾӣֱǱˮºѣĪ֮⣬ֻӶѾ۹
ΪѾ˵ֻҪռ˾ӣǵĻǾпһ޵е˶ڱصãȻҲ˿Խ
òϹ壬ҲǺ۹ǰ˵뷨һҪһʥɣ
ϹԼ⣬ûܹش𣬶ңΪ廹ҪǿĴڣͻȻ伣֮ãбȻҲʲôԭ
˳˰ֵЩȲȥǣǸȻԼҽԨί㣬ôʱǿ취֣׳һЩϢڣ취ӡ
˳ϸ֮£˿ʼİ취ͷ£Ϊ¹ش󣬱ϾҪԸĶѪĵˣΪѪĴڣЩˣÿ˶Ҫ
ҶΪնȥЩǿϵһ֮乬ιĽݷҪΪԼ٣Ѿ㷢ȴûѪڣȻ˺۹һ乬Լ̬ȣѪվ˶ϡ
һõĻᣬҶʱ᲻ȥΪĽݷףٵͬʱҲһĴϢ
ڴ֮ǰҶҪǰһЩȥתһתǵļңȥ̣ͬʱҲ뿴ļҵǺ̬ȡ
ȻԵ֮£ļҺҶ֮Ѿû˳ԹټԭٱϿļǿҲҶѡ
ļұϾۣ񣬶ʶ۵ʸԼȻҶѾʼִԼΪѪ֮ΣôھбҪֳ˫
Ҷĵһվ¥Ϊǧ˪ԭ¥Ҷ֮ʼձõĹϵζվҶߣڣҶҪȥȷϡ
ҶȻǹһ·ǬǬѪ
Ҷ¥ʱ˶𶯣¥¥߳ɽӭӣҶ㹻ӡ
ȻҶҲȺеǧ˪Ȼ¥Ҷǧ˪Լ汳ȴҲǧ˪˻ȥڼΪϾڻڣȺ۲ǿҲǲ
¥Ĵ֮ڣҶǧ˪˺˼֮󣬾Ϳżɽ˵Լ⡣
ǰѪһȻոմʵϴѾãǵĴҲΪ飬࣬ʥս죬ħԯ콾ͬһħ죬һŵģ飬ǰӦñҪӵڣʦ֮ѪһţΪľǳ˽ʮ𡣡
ȻҲֹһλŮ۴ˣʦ˵Ů۴˲δһų֣ǰǰܹ̬ȡ
ⷬȻȷ˸е𾪣ȴҲ֮е飬Ĵڷھʱڵ鶼һЩ˲֪ļأ²֪ȫ࣬Ҳܲµİ˾Ųʮ
ڣ֮ڣ۹Ϊ׵һħۣʥЩ飬ǲ²һЩ
Ҷ֧֮£ԵŰݷãȻ˼
ھһص֮¥Լ̬ȣǾԲ۹ʱҲվҶߣҪ
شҶʮ⣬֣صл֮󣬱뿪
ԽҶͳɽţҶ뿪ıӰĳ˿ѪһҪˣӣò˶ãھͻٴγһսҽ൱һʱڣ¥ܱϣҪС
ºѰһҡҡͷ۹ȻڻѾʽ΢ΪϵͳߣȻĵ̣ҶҲδؾƷ۹ο˴Ѿ뿪ҶʵǰĿܣҪһˣĴսһʼ˭Ҳ޷⡣


1496 ļҵ̬
뿪¥ҶȥţᰵĿеõ˺ͬĴ𸴡
ȻЩҲȫվҶߣǿ϶ƵĲͬıԼҶҲʮ⣬Լ⣬϶Ҳʱһ˵ңĿǰЩܹӦ۹Ѿܿɹˡ
һЩط죬ħȴգħȥѯʣʡҶܡ
뿪֮ʱѾȥ˰£ҶȻͣ㣬ǰļңȴ˳˳Ҫģԭû˵ҶҲһ𣬱ϾԣܹԼʡܶ顣
ѪĿǰһеɵУµķӡ͵ĴڣȲӡҲһܹⴳģȫøġ
Ȼ˵ܹģʵǼΪǿȻҲǿ֣֮۹ʧˣҳ൱ʵȻһָļҵʵǿŽǰ
ļ֮ؾܿ
ͬһ磬̫ǸҪٴ൱һͳС
֮ڣϼεϼ죬Ʈ֮УɽУһٲɽ£׹졣
·һƬεͬˮһ޴ĺ֮ͬƣһЩޣȻԵں̲סɵɾһ㡣
ԶԶȥɽ֮Σ¥ǧ˼¡
ǴֱʣŵҶ֪Ϊȥǻǵظ󣬵ͬΪ¥ƾ㣬ͱļҪһء
ΪҶ⣬ܽ뵽Ƭ֮УȻǰҲĽʲôʱҪܹѪҲǨ뵽оͺˡ
һļ˵Ҷ˳ɽɫ֮䴩УȻϿһˣʶȴܷ֣в֪Ŷǿߣʵ͵Ķڶ쾳磬ߵĿ¶ﵽ졣
ֱɽ֮˲ŽĿʼ󲿷ֶˣȻļҵһǿҶ֮һı鶼ǷǳʣеĽеǺüԣҲ¶м
ļҺҶ֮ĳԹǱ⣬Ҳ֪ĸԴĶǣҶҲ۲۵ɱ˲ļҵˣһԣȻҶŲСĳޡ
ֻļҼ˫ѹ֮£ǲŸŭԡ
Ҷ鵹ǴͷβûбΪļЩ˵ȫǾȡԼɱǣľԼˣ
󣬽˺ü·˺һƮںϵׯ԰֮У߳һλˣȥüĿԶľͳҶ˳ʩ񣬴Ĵк˼˼Ҷݹ٣ʧԶӭˡˡﰡ
ҶǼߣ֪ĲնǼĲֵܣҲһλǿߣҲĴк
ʵҶе֣ΪȻֱڶûпã˵ԼļҵģԼˣǿ϶ܹһʱ֪Ϣ
ׯ԰ĲնкҶ˳ֱ˴˼֮Ĳնƺ֪ҶеɻЦŵҶǲɣº飬ǰոձҪչأһʱҲҶΪǶĻǿǰһˡ
ĲնĻҶһҲɵӶԷĻܹһòľܾټĲﶼδ֣ʶ¹뿪ĴԺԼδѴ׷ɱʵѾļ֮иı˶ԴԼ̬ȡ
ҶҲ⣬Լĵ˱Ͳ٣ٶ༸Ҳν֮ҲãҲãȫ˼ҵһ֮䣬Լ£ҲԲ¡
ҲǵģϴκĹ֮ʱңҵλ̣Ѿԭˣġ
ô˵Ҷҵ̣Ȼ˵顣
ŶĲն¶Ȼ֮ɫͷԭҶΪ̶ģǿԼҪϼ죬Ϊ̻ûгȬӣӦøոһƣʱ˼ˣҶҲӦ֪̱Ͼˣ޷ܴ֮ѹǲòһ㡣
ҶһҲǣǱͷǾ߶ˡ
ҶҪ̣ΪٹҪȥμ乬Ľݷ磬ʱ򽫻ᷢһϵе飬Ҳʽ۹սڴ֮ǰҪԼѾܵĶúãӶܵۡ
ļ̬ѺãôҶ̫֣ܲļ̬ȣȴҲ¶˾ġ
ļ˵Ĵ£Ҷ˳ŵһԺ֮Уոսݣ˳Цеĵв


1497 ټ
ҶܿļҶԴԼ̬ȵı仯˵˳ˣҶҲЦŵͲѲǻҶǲ𣿡
Ȼ˳ȴҡҡͷ֪ΪҪһ𣿡
㲻𣿡
˳Цõĵ㿴ôеʵ˵ɣΪǵļƻҲ˼ԣļ֮أҲҪһûа
ô
Ҳ˵ãѵû֣ǸĲնͲǼ̹𣿡
Ҷһ˵Ҳеôصˣƿ϶ûȬǷ֮壬ܲ˴
ס˳ҶĻ仰⣬һ磬ڴ֮ѹȻĻҲΣˣ
һ仰ҶȻѣ԰˳Լûע⵽⣬ȷ֮У֮ѹڡ
ԭܼ򵥣ΪΪٳģڵǿߵĵСȻҶ֮⣬κ˵ĵѭģԴĵȻҲڴ֮ѹҪѹҲֻǡС֮ѹ
Ҳд֮ѹĻǸŰ˳ڻĪǣͱ֮ѹѹˡ
ȻˣĲնν̲ܼҶɣ͸վסˡ
ļҶԴԼ̬ȵı仯Ǵ
뵽Ҷɫʼڵ˳Ȼ΢΢һЦˣͱˣ϶֪ģ͵͵ȥɣ
˳ЦݶʱϣЦŵԽԽˣУôҲװ֪һ·Ȼҿһ֮ضûˡ
˵
ҶȻܹµĳ˳Ȼ֪ļ֮в˳϶Ӧ֮
ھߣ
ھߣ
Ȼ˵ǰ죬Ϊˣļ֮ߣеӰ첻ãҶҲ˲ЩˣǾ仰£Ҳ£ļҲǰǾͱҲˡ
סأ˳ǰ·Ҷ
˳ᳵ·ɽׯ԰֮дУҶ̲סǲ֮ǰ
ȣǰһ죬Ȼѧʮ֮һһķΧҸС£Ѳסҵġ
ʵ֤ţƤ治Ǵģʱ֮˳Ҷҵڵĵطһ·֮ϾȻļҵڰڣûбκ˲
һСɽȻҲڿУضֻʮ׸ߣܹף˳ָ̾ɽϡ
ɽϵľɫΪж˾ĿҶҲ΢õ㣬ȻļԴԼ̬Ǳˣٶ֮ͬչ˵ĵǲ
Ҷ˳̰ͬɽһµСݣҶһŮĿ̣ɫȻƾûȬҲָĲˡ
̣Ҷ鲻һ㱣һĻĻĸͷ
̵һδѪͷųͰҶӮ÷ɽ񣬺ΪҽαֺлݵĪʧ
ЩǾͷ죬ǷںܾǰõҶеģ˼䣬˽Ѻǣڿɺã

˳Ҷع˳룬ڻֵԼߣԼ̫¶
̣
ҶԼ̵Ժ֮УͬʱĿ֮£Ŀԭƽ϶Ȼ¶˼֮ɫ˫һһԾ𣬾ʹڳ˳ȥ
𣿡
ڿǰҶһ˫ÿĴ۾ˮȴųһЦݣ¶ССľѣһѾͽҶסˣ㣬̫ˣˣ
Ҷһμ̵ʱҲǱסȻ֪Ůеı˷ܺϲõķʽȻеΣȴҲ˼ƿĿ˳ȻֺѾڡר־ŵһʢСƺȫûע⵽顣
ò׽ƿҶһ֮ɫͻ̣㣬ˣ
仰̽˳Ҳ˹ȥϵˮ˷ܵĵͷǵķʽ̥ǣƺҵƣֱ˾ٺ٣ԺҾͿԸߣΪˡ
ѾΪˣ֤˳Ĳ²ȷģļҵȷ˲Ҷ̡
˵̵ıȻһ䣬뵽ʲô飬鶼енСĵԲ𡣡
ҶԼˣæʲôԲ𣿡
üͬӺߺ߰Բװҵҵˣ


1498 ծ
̵״̬Ҫ˻ҷĵزͬʱҪ֮ܵѹҶͽװո֮Уһ𽻸顣
ȻҶոѾҪˣΪиõĺɽǲô˵ոȻĶȻ̵Ļָļ˽ոˣ
ӣҶЦЦûʲô͸˵ģǱԼߵģ
Լߵģʼʱʵ̫òУҺõ֮󣬾뿪УǸʱͱˡ
ŶҶϴЦȴѾ˸֪˭ߵ𣿡
һ޵ߵġ
ޣҶ֣ʱ޵һ˾Ȼɱ֣ɴҶҲ֪ˣȻΪļҵ飬˶ϲ޾ͺ޲ɱ
̣֪޵𣿡
֪ļһλڵŮҹΣ涼ûм
Ҷͷ˳ĿѯߺٺһЦļң϶ҪѪģ㶼㲻
Ѫ˭Ѫ
Ӧòǵģ
˳仰Ҷˣļ֮УٲҪļ֮˷սȻ㲻Ǿˡ
̣֪Ǹס𣿡
֪
ãȥ⣬Ҳ뿪ģȬ𣿡
Ȭˣһֱ뿪أ
ӣļҽҲһĿģֻҶҪľҪԼո
̵Ĵ£Լ˳Ĳϲ֮УҶһȻܿļҵĸڣ޵סһƵɽ
ͨɽܿļҵĵλȻҲ͡
Ҷϵɽϣ̾ͱ˷ˡ
վסʲôˣȻô
סҶˣǿҶò֮ɫ΢΢һ䣬Ҷ΢ЦԱŵҶޣ
Ҷޣ˵ɫøӵѿһԳվԭҶ˼ڱչأʱκ˶
չأҶЦҡҡͷ廹ǿ̿ڷܣȻ˶ڱչأڱչأծţҲӦóùһʱѵܶùһ𣿡
ծʲô˼
˹װã֮ɫֻϧݼ̫ҶһЦ˳ʹ˸ɫ˷ǳĬͬʱ׵Խǣɽȥ
վסҪٸôͱǲˣ
׷ͬʱǳ⡣
ȻҶδţӿٶȣգ֮䣬Ѿ׵ÿƬ֮󣬵ɽ
ɽ֮һռׯԺҶͣ½Ųޣҳծˣ
ʲô˸ڴ
һ֮£һߴׯԺ֮лⲽо䣬Уһλ֣ʵٴﵽ졣
ȻļѾһٶı̬ȣҶȻҲٺίߣĵңѪҶ
һ˿ȣܿͻָƽ̬ɲԭҶֻҶôҲһ֮ôһضѵûн𣿡
󵨣
Ҷ˫֮Ȼһ̫ͼڿлâֱӳ߶ͷѹ¡
䡱һ߸û˿ֿ֮ͱ̫ͼѹ͵ڵأɫǵͨ죬ȴ޷ѳ
ҶĿļҼҶúƽ۽㲻һˣȻ˰裬ҲˣҾ˺úùܹ㣡
ҶģңļңҪǸҶңͱ뿪ˡ
㾹Ȼ֪˭ѵ֪𣿡ҶЦŵļΣھɱ㣬ҵҪļ˭ң
˳ȻһָŻͬҲ㴦һ̫ͼֱ֮ѹȥ
һ壬߶ʱȼҪſڴ󺰣ȴκε˳˫֮յͬʱԷʶ
ס֣
ʱһ𣬽ŴׯԺ֮߳һŮӣ󣬻߸档
ŮĿҶϺεѶţ֪ͨļˣֱ壬һһϣټǰɱ֮У
ǣ
һͳһʯӵ˿Уʱը̻ͬһ⣬ҰźХ֮Ѹٴⷽ硣


1499 
ʵҶȫļ߷Ѷ֮ǰסȴûôɶԷѶŷ˳ȥͬûһվԭأȤעſ̻ͬʢѶš
ȻҶ˳ѶĲȵ˽ʱȺڵѶҪãǲҲ취ѧϰһ£
˳ҲͬɫеĿգҶĻɷµĵͷ˵ǣļΪ壬ܴôʱ䣬ȷвٳֵѧϰֻӴˣʲôУҲҪΪ䣬ѪгΡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ£
˳ʱͼˣôҵˣòã
̲סʵѪҲѪеˣ
Ҷɵ飬̲֪ΪҶ˳еѪָǸѪء
̣мû㣬Ѿʽڻ쿪ɣѪһţڿʼҲѪˣ
̫ˣ
˶ԻĹ̵УһվŵļˣǸŮΪףǱüΪѿԼѾѶţ֪ͨļе֣Ȼȴ˵żҳ̣ʵ̫ûнԼЩˣûнļҷˡ
ŮٿȻ̤ǰһ̵̣Ȼļ֮ˣҲǾˣļҶҲƣǲϧķѵ̥֮ǣһ죬ΪˣȻû뵽㾹Ȼ⣬˴ﲻ㣬뱳ļңͶɣܷ
һתЦĵޣ⻰˵ǰìܰһ˵Ҳļ֮ˣһ˵ҳ⣬ļңǲļˣ
ȻŮӾǿոޣҲڱչأҴ˵̬֮ϲѿûн̵ļˣʱô˵ΪԼҸûʵɶѡ
ȻһСõĸоֲɵͱ˲֪٣Ȼֵļ֮У˭Լģ˭ԼǼ⣬ôܻ޸ԼĪе
ޱ̵ⷬסˣһʱ֮侹Ȼ֪λشֻĵĹ֪ɱˣ
ž
Ļո£ϾѾݺݵİһƣ嶼ֱӳķ˳ȥصˤ˵ϣվߣȻûһܹӦĿڵء
Ȼ˾Ҷˣ
Ҷٶʵ̫죬һ֮Ѿصԭأޱĵޣ´ΣͲһôˣ
ҶԲ̱ûֱӳɱѾˡ
󵨣
㾹Ȼҳִ
ڻعһ߷ǳ֮һѾĸˣҶ˰ΧǼæȥ޸
˳඼ʮֿҲһһĴŮڰ׵ľͬͷһĿɲ
Լ嶼΢΢ȻǱģȻ飬ΪүүĹϵļҲǵλԺգô󣬶ûб˶һָͷȻȴҶһƸˣܹܡ
ָҶĶ߶µĵ㣬㣬Ҵң
ҶĵǿϣѾˣ
󵨣
ʱͻȻһŭһӢ˴ҶǰڷƮ裬絶
޶ʱĿ¶ϲɫæ磬ң
滹磬ԶԶҪʵҲǼߣļҵλͣҲΪʲôŵһԭ򣬺ܶ飬λ
ڸľ޵Ĵ磬ǿѶŵһģǵԼûʲôΣգû뵽һ
жҪ߸˴ӿ£һˡ
һļ壬ӵһʼ֦ɢҶ֮󣬱ȻԽԽ֧壬ͬѪһ
ļͬҲ⣬źü֧壬޵үүһ֧ڣֱϵ
Щ֧ƽﶼĵطԿѶţǻȸϹ
ΪȻͬһѪˣޱôԴҶȻʲôɫˡ
ô೤޵ĵҲ׳ˣֱַָ̺Ҷ˵壬ˣͼͼı죬˵Ǽ䣬ͳִңλΪֹɱǣ


1500 ޿
ߵڰ׵Ķȸ״ҶҲޱţֱ˵֮˳Ȼǰȥ
ʮļҸֵİΧ֮£˳Ȼ˵ǰȥΣһļˣеȻһʱ䲻֪˳ҪʲôôˢˢĿ
ֻҶһ˿Ц⣬ƺ˿˳ʲôΣգͬԹۡ
˵ע֮£˳ҡڵߵ޵ǰ΢΢Դһ֮ҡҡͷ˵ʵ治ԸִŮˣû취֮֮£
ž
£˳ȻԲ˰ƣҶ֮󣬵ô˵棬ٴκݺݵĸһ⡣
ͬǣ˳޵İ߻õȻһȥ޵յǱͬĸ߶ˡ
İǴһ˶סˣ

ǻعһ֮Ȼȳ˳ԼþȻԼ棬ִһ⣬˷ŭ֮⣬϶е㷢̡
Ϳͬһ㣬嵽˳ǰȻȴͻȻͣǰһϵı飬зŭҲ𾪣ζӳ£ʵ˼¡
Ϊ˿˳оȻһɫƣ׼
ΪļˣȻʶļҵļִ֣൱ڼҲùԹɱ
ԣ񶼺޲ý˳ʬΣǴҲ뵽˳Ȼм¾ٸһӣҲҶ˳һˡ
˳ļҵļֱֱĶ㻹ʶƣǣƵ˵ˣպļ˸Ŀ𳤣·ϣΪģҶԳִѵ
ӣĿ𳤣·ϣһڳڿߵǷǣֻԭȵ˽ѵѵˡ
ڣļΪʲôղ˳˵֮֮¡ˡ
ļҵļȻҩġ
ɣļμǷĵʦһĶ飬ԽͣĸûϵĻᣬҶҪļң˳ҵģҪ˹
˳Ѿ֪֮ͨļ֮в˳ȻҲҪ׼
ҶҲǸո֪ģҲҪȥͷ˳ϸΪļҲһҶԼ֣ôͺпܽŭ˳ϣƣԱ˳
˳˵֮ⷬͻȻתȥָһƵޣҼոռôãǲҲù黹ˡ
˶Ѿˣ֮޿֣Ϊб峤Ȼû뵽˳Ȼм֣ٳҲΥ˳ֵĻ͵ͬڹɾʹˣ˭Ҳסˡ
ʵոȻƷײͣǶڵļң˵ҲʲôϡֻΪ飬˶ļһǱʵŮӣȻĵλȴҪߣ޷ܣһ۸ѹ飬ĬԼŮɱ顣
ڵ֪ҶĹϵ֪ոҶĶ֮޾ͽո˹ֻΪ˳һѡ
ֻ֪־ٶȴǵ˲õˣ
ҿļҵļڸ˵û𣿡
˳ƣҪȥȻʱȴһӱŭҶģףѵǴҪļΪ𣿡
˵֮ƺﲢǵ仰˵ʱȴѾ˵ǰ
һߣͷףθߴվֲŭơ
ֵ߳ɲǣѾһֽ޸Լ󣬴Ӷ㿪˳в
ɱɱǣһҪŹ
޶ߵı󣬶ʱҵ˿ɽŭĴ󺰴š
Ҷһ̤ǰ˿壬˫֮е̫ʼתĵǵѣңļһ֮䣬Ѫһŵ˱Ѿ٣Ҳٶһ
λߣҲĶѾɱ¶ǿ񰡣ȻǷǰʦܣǾǰҲûݿļңļҶִŮͱˣѵĵԼ޵𣿡
飡
ҶµͻȻѿһɫѸٲ֮ϡ
ߣ
Ҷ϶Ȼһɻ棬ʱճ˻ҽĿĿĶΪߣȻףͶҶ֣˵ҵ̻֣ҪһΣǷļңӴ֮󣬽ҶΪУ


1501 
ҶȼѪɫܻ棬̫תϢޱһһļ˵ɨ
еļˣǸղͶҶֵĶ˿̶ıͣһԲ
Ϊ޷ֱĻشҶ⡣
ȻڳˣĶļҵĵλͣ¼Ҳùĺ壬Լһˣֻļҵһ֧塣
˵ļҿ϶ҪԼˣ廹֧壬Ҷ⣬ǣ浽Ķʵ̫࣬ԣĶһش
˵ˣĸףҲ޵үүվͬҲһش
ֹϵļҵĴ£κһλļ˶ûʸ¾
ȻǶҶѾʮʦܣѪһŵ۹ȴ
Ȼܶ˶²Ѿ뿪죬ҶʵҲԶֹڴˣǣûȷʵ֤֮ǰǻûеӺҶ˺
ҶҲǣֻƽעǣ̺֮ȴıԼڵľģҪôͻƣ
ѵ϶Ѿ뿪ˣȻĻӦ¶ˣļңɱǣֻҪǲ˵ȥû뿪ֻҪûȷʵ֤ݣҲҰô
ʱȻϵĿڣңǼļƣĳ֮
˳Ҫ˵ȴҶɫֹͬʱ̧ͷ죬һɿֲѹȫɽһǿ߳ˡ
һλͷ׷ߣʨڣ֪޵үүļһλڼĲ̣
үү
̴Լ׵˳һ¾˽Ĳ̵ĻУҿʼޣүү۸ޣһҪΪޱ𰡣
ĶҲǰ˿æǰĸĲ밲
ͬʱ˳ʶҶˣĶһ֧ˡ
ҶȻ˳˼ղ˷ųѶţ֪ͨļҵˣȻȥôãľȻȫĲһ֧ˣȻļˣ°ĲλڣȻŹ̬ȡ
ȷǴĲҲҶ˳֮ǰԤϣΪļҾ㲻ԼҲܺԼŸɣڣּ󶼱ҪúļΪе׼ˡ
Ҹղ޵ǷʵҲǸļƲߣļңҶ˳Ƶ£ļºģȫĨɱҶ˳ȻԱ֤´ȥ
Ȼ̫˶֪ҶļңǵʱֻҪļһҧû޶֤֮£̫ҪҲ޴ӱ
뵽Ҷ֪úǵļһߣõңǲҶң
ʱĲѾ޵ʱ¶ŭ⣺޶˭ģ
ֹסֱַָҶ˳Ǵģ
ߣ
ĲһͻȻ˳Ҷ˵Ͽգͬʱһɫ硣
䣡
죬ͺݺݵٶȼ죡
ȻҶ˳ڷŶԷͻȻ֣Ĳ̿۷徳ľ֣ĳ֣ö˸޷赲
Ҷãոʱ򣬺ɽѾֳǿһ£ͻ硣
˳ɾͲˣȻ˫ҲͬʱȼǸס磬зһҽУȻԵڵء
˳أҶȻ޿̣ѪһУȽͻѪźɽ죬ͷųԪ
Ҷ֮ϣȴǸֳһʵƣͬʱⷽϿգҲ֮˺¡¡֮
Ҷĺ⣬ܵĿҪᣬһ˳˹ȥֵҪʲô£Ҿļᣡ
ʵƣԼе֮ڳļ˵ɫȫˣĲҲû˸ղŵᡣ
ڣû˲֪ҶֻҪõƾͻ׷ɱʱص㣬ڶ統УϾеĵҲҪѭ
ڣȻõƸ֣ĿĺˣƴԼҲҪļᣡ
һ̣ĲҲеԼ̫嶯ˣҲίʵûϵҶķӦô
ȻȴɲϷŹҶȻһԴţүүŴûг֮ǰϽɱӦþûˣ
Ĳ̵ɫ΢΢һͷ޶˵Ĳ¡


1502 Ѳ֮
ȻĲΪ޵ĻеֻҪŴûг֮ǰɱҶô͵ǰ֮ˣȻҲвļˡ
ҶȻЦӣұʦʱΣһûۿѵΪɱ𣿡
ʱΪ˱ҶͷҶʱΪһ壬ʵڶʱԿǿߵĵزʱûгΪˣںϵĻȻηǿˡ
˵ͬʱҶѾߵ˳ߣȻУ˵ˣǲ֮ǣŷ
ֱһ˳˺ɽ֮УҶϵʵҲǿңͻȻ֮䣬һҫ۵ѪⱩǣһѪѪɫ֣Һֱӽɽϵȫ˽ȥ
磡
ļ˵ɫٴһ䣬Ĳ̸ʶ֮ˣ֪Ϊٳ統У߾ϵĴڣʵԶԶ߹Էпܴѳȥ
ȻЩ˶˵ҶĲٴ˵˭ҲûۼҶ֣֪ˣѾˡ
ҶĵϼһɱңȽĺɱɣ
£ԭӿѪͻȻ˲䱩ǣѪӿǧߣֱӾͽļ˸ûˡ
ǱĲۼֿĸ˿Уӹһ١
Ҷϸֳһ˿Цļ˵˳Ū֮ɫôɱңҾͲˡ
һҶʹ˵ǰʧû˷ӰһҽһɺƵȭ֮£һļֱӱҶһȭ˿
սʽ
Ĳ̵ɫѿ˼㣬ȻηҶȴҪԼĺˣҶ統УҶӵеԶԶĲܲ˵ȥɱҶôЩˣһҲȥ
ǣҲܾĿԼĺ˱Ҷһɱ
ˣ
Ĳ̵ͻȻһӰȻһһģһˡ
⻯
ΪǿߣĲ̵ʵѾﵽذ˽۷徳磬ܹ۳⻯Ҳ֮е顣
Ϊ˱ԼĺˣĲ̶Լ⻯Ĳ̣һȻվԭرԼĺˣһȴҶ˹ȥ
Ҷη壬ȻĲ̵ʵԶԼ統Уһеף²ܽĲɱҲԽһʱ̡
үүɱҪ
һĲޣ֮£ȻûҪҶ̰Ļ뽫ɽΪУɼĳ֮񶾡
ͳ仰Ҷ֪ζĲ̵⻯ǻţҪɱҲ׵¡
ҶʩչسɴĲ潻֣ٶʱܣͬʱϵĴ߶Ѫ֮òǸ⻯
ֻȻҶγɹļŭ⻯ǶԷʵͬ۷壬Ҷлɳá
˵ʵҶĽ⻯ˣԼҪҲи⻯ô֮£Կ׵ɱЩˡ
ڣҶ֪һѲ֮֡
ΪȻԼ統УһԼٳⷽ磬Σֱ֮𣻶ⷽĿҲѪĹͣӶҶ޷ѪΪһ壬ʵļҵǿ߹ͬԸԼԼ޷õƣܹԱѾܿɹҪ˵ʵѶ̫ҶҲеͷۡ
ȻʱҶͻȻ˷ҶʱٻѪеˣǳ֣
ҶǰʱһΪⷽĿߣԼе˽Ļʮû뵽ȻٻѪеˡ
һЦѾȳ֣Ҷ˵ͨҶѪϵѾѾ֪Ҷ뷨̳Ĳ̵⻯
ţѪ֮У˻ӿһֻһֻƴӺˮ֮ϵڿץΪĿֲ졣
ĶҲ΢΢ɫ˵ˣ޸ŵɫɷףץסԼ׵䡣
ĲȻ£ǶͻȻֵֻƺѣȴҲһͷˮѵʵȻҲǼߣܿͺԼ⻯һ
ΪѪҶǽģ֮ⷽУǿߣͬӵһЩⷽ
ǵĳ֣þƶʱõתҶȻĲӴǼͬʱļҵˡ
ȻĲıףȴûκΰ취ܻһֻĿԼĺһļ٣ֻʣĶ޶ˡ
СҺƴˣ
Ĳ̿ȻͬʱȴһԶԶĲ̣ס֣Ҷɷҽͣ


1503 ̬
ҶĲ̶˳ķ򣬷ַľȻļҼĲѾһȺ˳Ѫ֮ɽϣ֮ɫ󣬻һȺˣҲºá
ȻãȻĲԿڣҶȴûһĶŮ
ղĲ̶Ҷ˳ֵʱ򣬲ļҼҶѾռƣɱĲһ֧ʮ֮ǲͻȻֹҶȻܾôԹ
ҶԼĲＱæת飬ȴǹƿĿ⣬лСֹʲô
¶˵˼仰֮½Ŀ⿴ҶҴҶ磬ȱˣˣ
ĲٿȰ裬Ҷ϶ԾɵǼȻ˵飬Ҷԥһ֮ͣΡ
ĲæŵҶ֪ΪⶼҵΣ˵ᣬҶܷȳļģԲ˶֡
һԵҲͷͬΪĲĻŵ
΢һҶѪ磬Ĳ˳ɽ֮ϡ
һ뿪̳Ĳ￪ڵ
죡ĲһΪļҴ֣֮˵ĶŮվһߣ䡣
ĶԼĸף죬Ҫ˵ʲôȴһҲû˵ԹԴŮ˵һԣɫҰס
ĲڿĲ̣ʹļ׵ĵ磬С£ôҲŷͿ
ôͿˣĲȻ֮ɫģͿ㣡ļңõ壬ȴҪһëСģδ棿ɱʮˣѵҲ𣿡
ò˵Ĳ·ϣײûнĲλ漶ĶԻļҲҿڡ
ֻҶ˽䱸վһԣļ֮¾Ҫβ
ĲıҲĵ磬֪һֱ֮£ͷ˵Լ㣬£ȻĻҷ
ĲͻȻǰһģ£ҸĴ𸴣Ȼû꣡
˶ŵʱҶԺ֮ȴĴϸĽ˽鷢ľ
ԭ֮ѾֻҶļ֮£ǣ浽ļڲһЩȨĶ
Ҷ̤ļؿʼӴҶľͲĲһˣǸͲ֪Ҷļҡ
ĲնĲ̣ǺĲﲻͣȻӲὫҶ˵ҪҶ飬ļҴһΣӶĲó֮λ
ҶɽʱĲնʹҵĲ£˳ҲټһΪľǿѶţܼʱϹ
ҶԵƾͷųѪ磬µȵսĲҲ֪
˽ǰҶеִ֮ȨƵ飬ᣬĲܹĲǡ
Ҳûб̬ΪҪĲ﾿׼ô顣
磬뿹ɣ
ֻҪΪȥĺָ˵Ĳ̵̬ǿᡣ
ĲĿһۺͻȻתſΨһ棬ᣡ
дһĲ̣Ů黹ոȻһ֧ˣǰҶ˼ʮ֮ڲ׼뿪Ҷ˴⣿
ڳļȫɫҶȻ֪˵˭Ĳﶼóһ棬֪ĵλ֮ߡ
ҪǣµĴû˿Ļ̣վҶߣļ˸е𾪵ĵط
Ҷش𣺡⣬Ϊ˱ʾǸ⣬պҶҪĵطɿڣصȫԸ
£ҶҲеԾˣҪ֪¥ţڶԴҶ̬ϣǱֹļҸŵھǱǽҶվһս֮ϡ
֮Ҷعһļ̬ȣ»δ֪ĿģȻչֵлˣ
Ҷˣһе£ͲˣдҶĲ̣һʱ䣬Ҷһʱޣ붴
ʧ֮δ𣬶Ĳ̵˾ܴĵĲͷŭȴȻΥ֮ɫҰ׵ĽոĲ̺ݺݵĵҶһ֮󣬱ת뿪
Ĳ˳޵Ŀ⣬Ҷ֪Լ֮黹û꣡
ȵĲ̵뿪֮ĲȻ뿪ֻãȻҲҶҶһһ档
ʲô£
Ĳ¶ֹ飬µĵǣǹĶһ飡


1504 ɱԴͷ
ĶҶȻ֣ԼļҽԴͷ
ֻԳʱ˿Ҷصʵ࣬ĲڵʱҲͱ̬ĶļܷӶҲҶΪѡ
ĲﾹȻĶ֣̬仹һ˿ΣҶве֣ȴǲû׷ʣֽ˳Ӻɽ֮з˳ҪȾҵֵܡ
Ĳ￴۵ϵ˳̵ҶģļұĲ˵˷ȴеسλֵǱҶ˵ģǿ϶Ὣκá
ļңǾ壬һӵź֮ľϵ֮츳ľ֮óľƣĲĻǿš
Ҷͷǵ̸ֵ֮
ã
ʱ֮ĲԳ֮£˳Ѿ˹Ʋ̫أĲĻ˵ĲնʩչļҶеһսľʱҲ飬δȫֻҪľ֮绯Ϳˡ
˳׿˵Լû֮ҶĲŷļĶôˣ
Ĳٴγ֮ɫȻе㲻ֱ˵
һԵ鿴ȥˣֱ˵ĿڵҶ磬㻹ǵ𣿡
ҶǵãҵһȥǶңȻڳҪɱң󷴶ҸɱˣĶӰɣ
ǵģͷĶûκˣֻһӣĶ֪Ϣ֮ļңȥ

ҶڻȻѹֲذɱ֯һδεİɱԼԭǽĶίС
ҵԭˣȻҶҲΪʲôļҸղλû¶Լ˿ĲΪλ£ļΪʲôֱӱվԼߣԭһжΪΪĶΪֲԼ
ֻҪôĿίԸӰĴȡίУĻԲ
仰˵ֻҪɱϵˣôھү˺ţʱʱ̶̿İɱ֮¡
֪ļ֪Ϣ֮еˣϾĶļҵˣҶи̣ļҶѲΡ
οҶʱҲԶԶɱӰ֮¡
Ȼļֻ뾡һа취ֲϧֱӱ̬ȣվҶߺͬԿ۹
ĲڿڵҶǵ֪ºȻǴΪŭ̾ȥĶǼǮҲҪȡίУû뵽Ȼɱ˸ĵӣгļң
滯ҶļҵĳԹ֮ĶصļҾͽ˼ĳͷȻû뵽ȻȻɱԼˣ֪ҶĺޣѾﵽ޿ɻĳ̶ȡ
ĹغܹŹ֣ܵҪȡֻίȥˣֱϵѪȥ˶ûãңȡίеĴǷһ
ֻǣܹҵĶõҲȥȡίеġ
Ҷ¾ļҲԣԣʲôҪ󶼿ᣬֻҪģܾ
עԼļˣҶȻЦˣڰֵļ˿ˣʱʱ̿в֮£˸Ҳûʲô˵ģȻңҲǹ̫ݣ֮Ѿˣ˵ЩҲûˣһᴦġ
Ҷô˵֮⣬Ҳûİ취ˣļѾֲҷǳг⣬ԼܲһЩֵҪ
Ȼʼû˵£ߵҶǰҪԸһҪǵ֪ͨң
ǲһ˿۾Ҷ΢΢һֱڣԼ֪˷贫ļߵʵƾŴ˿µ̬Ⱥ飬󣬴Ӧò飡
µʵԳ죬ܸߡ
Ҷصĵͷã
ļҵ֮Ҷлļҵʢ룬˳ǣҪ乬ΪĽݷףȥ
뿪ļ֮Ҷ˳ļҵ̬мֳ⣿
˳ȻѾްɫȻЩ԰ף΢΢һЦǵĳ٣ȡǵʵǿǿԷģǾ㲻ǣҲڰжԸǣΨһҪĵľǸĲնȻ˵ʮ꣬Ķǰܵġ
ô
£ϹһˣϹҪӵĿ£


1505 ׷ɱʼ
Ҷ˳乬ʱһҶѪ˵ǳõϢ
۹Ѿųȷʵ֤ݣ֤Ѿ뿪˻졣
ϢķųЩҶЩˣټӵеĺɽȺö˴
ΨһЩ˻еɵľǣؼʱҶΪ鲻ΪȫȻֵܵе̰ͺ⡣
ΪܿҶ˳ͷˣǵ󣬸ٵԽԽ࣬Щ˶ǼΪ͵Ҹͷ棬޷жһ
ڵ棬˳üͷȻҶȻ壬Ƕһֽҵ
Ҷȥˣǰƣ׷ɱ˵汳Ǵһɱˣ˭ҲԼͻǼù֮һ
ҶȴѾοʲôóģЩ˵ĳֶǳ飬Ҳ׼ÿսˣǶɣҵҪ˭ɱң˭ߺɽ
Ҷȷ¶˾ģΪ·ʱôڴ֮ǰҪΪʦ֣ΪʦΪѪҲΪԼ
ڣһâ֮дҶʱҲЩ˶Ҷ׷ɱʽʼˡ
âֱӱҶȭͷ׷飬ҸǺֱӽձðдɱ֮޻أȥ֪Էݡ
ɱԼˣԼȻҪɱ
ЩɱҶʱģĵԼ˺ѣѪ
ȻѪɭϣҶȻģ˳иϻѪһˣЩܵĲãֻȷѪһŰȫûк֮ǡ
˳Ȼ֪Ҷ뷨ûмҪһ˿ԥûУֻǶҶϾߣҲ֪ʲôиػһڣֻҪûвȫȲҪǣ򲻿ɵԨ飡
Ҷͷ֪Ԩ֮֮һһһʰǣ
ȵ˳뿪֮ҶҲ׷˿һ߿ʼ͸Լһ乬ȥ
ͬʱҶҲǺˣȵԨ֮ԼҪʧһʱ䣬ȥѰҽķ
ȻҶ֪Լڵû紫ԵأʵҲֹڴˣǣʩչƣֽţʵٶȻܴܵӰ졣
ҶһȺ˸Լ̹̹Ľݷٵ乬ڡ
ҶԼݵʱ乬˶ˣû뵽Ϊ乬˵ҶȻ֮£ֻ乬Ϊֱɱ
ô˵߾ǿͣ乬ôҲһȻÿͿĽҶ빬ڡ
ҶǣĽݷĿ˵Ƕ࣬ƳѪ֮⣬ĸ϶ǵˡ
ȻҶҲ˺ܶϤף˵Ȼܣ£ǧ˪ħˡ
ҶЩ˵ķӦҲǸһǰΪ˱ҶҪƴƣڳǿ߶Եɺͼߣȴٴμ档
Ҷ֣Ҳˣ
Ҿ˵ǻţ֪Ǵľͺˣ
ºħ˺ĴЦߵҶǰҶʮָжΪ֮£˭Լߵý㣬ܻܿΣա
ǧ˪Ҳѹʵôܵˣ󣡡
Ҷ΢΢һЦΪʲôôҲһ֮Ľݷ٣һҪġ
ߣ
ʱһߴԶңңҶĶУҶѭȥľȻŷΣƷҵҲˣ
ŷʼնڼƷҶڻ˼ӵ۵Ȼû뵽ҶĿ֪ʦܣŵǸĵĶûˣʱ뿪ˡ
ڽȣ۹ɢѾ뿪Ϣ֮Щ˵ĵҲ𽥴ûٽҶˡ
ȻҶȴͻȻһֱӳŷεǰ֮ɢһѹĵŷΣʲôǶʲô𣿡
ŷζʱͱסˣ˵ˣҶûɽƾʵʮŷҲĶ֡
ҲίʵûϵԼֻһ£ҶȻͳ嵽Լǰ˲Լ
Ҳ΢΢üҶΪе⡣
˵ҶĴǱֵ͵ǣͱˣһЩʹģ᲻ûߣҶʲôµ̣


1506 
Ҷô簡ζһû˵㣬ͱˣǲеˣ
һͷ˹ŷεǰȻҲҶˣŷ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˼׷ɱҵ̫࣬һӵĻƢ⼱һ㣬˭ҪɱһŹҲҲȻȻǣǾ͵ˣ֣
仰֮Ҷתߣŷŷվԭȴסˡ
ˣҶⷬȴ΢΢һ𣬺ܿ׹Ҷ˵ĿľҪˡҪԸңԣǣҲҪñɱ׼
˵ע֮£Ҷɫ̹ȻĻصµ˵ߣȫûһ̸Цֱʽʼ
乬ȻĺޱȣΪҶ⵽ȴ˶еĲɣﶼʱʱĻῴһۡ
ϾҶڿ˵Ľ㣬һһһһжܵǵĹע
Ѿ뿪˻죬Ȼ˴ĵĴߣǲֲ²⡣
ڣĽݷסˣƱҶңңһٵλ벻ĿˣҶݹ٣֪Ϊ˸ףٶ飿
仰˼еľƱӣ뿴Ҷ
ҶһЦͬƱĽݹô飬Ȼ֪ͨңĪǿңҿҪǰɸˡ
Ҫ£
˵еڣҲʵͶ·ԲŲòƤˡ
Ľݷ΢΢һЦҶ˵ͨȻҵͷϣʵҸе棬֪Ҷܷԣʲô飿
ҶȻѵõ¶˲˼̬ɴ˿ɼƺе㲻ÿڡ
Ľݷ׷֮£ҶԥԥĵʵĽݹһ
ʲô
촸
˵֮֮ѻȸ˶ͬ˾ֹһ㣬ԭһ
֮˻ع͡һ£Ц
ţҲ׷ѣ۴˷ǿҶĿ⣬ڿһɵһ
£ǧ˪˶Ŀ࣬ò˼Ŀ⿴Ҷ
촸乬ʥ乬ǿĵ̺
Գ棬Ľݷ촸ĽݷҲδػͬ⣬ȻֻҪ΢еӵˣҲ
ȻҶȻܵԼڵжԹϵ乬Ľݷ촸ʵǻ֮飡
˵ĳЦĿ⣬ҶȴƽĿĽݷ֪ҪʵǷǳ֣Ͷ·ˣңڳ˵棬ҿԸĽݹһŵֻҪ㽫촸ңԸͳһʥ乬
˵֮ΪҶⷬȻֹٴεһļž֮С
ʥʲôǿеĶڣ۾죬һʥҲô֪ǵ
ʥֻͨʥʥȣǼֵһĲ࣬ȻҶȻԸʥͨʥ
ԣǽֻǽһ£
˶벻ͨͨʥܹ飬ôʥ϶ҲҶΪʲôԼʥãҪ˵ͨʥأ
ҾͨʥĻҶҲܵϾʥ
ҶڿЦΪκ˶ûôĵӣڳô˵棬Ц
ĽݷϻųŪ֮ɫȴǱ˺ɣҲ˲ϱ˵ˣæڵҶ֪ԭ򡣡
ȫ˶䣬ҶȴԥһµԭҲ˵ֻܸ㣬ҪһǿĹҪܷӳȫ
зӦ׹ˡ
Ҷȷʥڵʵ˵ʵ޷ӳǵȫ
ͨʥҲйܵĻ֣ƫڷǹ꪿»ûܱΪʥ
ô죬ӵǿĹܹȫľ乬촸ˡ
촸乬һĴģĽݷУѾȫ
Ľݷ˫΢΢𣬶ҶעúЦŵҶ˵ԭĻҳղŸĳŵҲܹ촸㡣


1507 ȿֺ
Ҷ¶ʮ־ı飬Ҳٴס˺ȴĴ𸴡
֮ҶĳĽݷĽݹǲ˵˾ԭԸ⽫촸ң
Ҳ
ĽݷЦͬϺһڼȻҶҪ촸ôȻг˼ɵˡ
ðɣҶһŵҾ˵ҪһططǿķӡʦָңֻֿܹӡһֿܾǣһǿĹȫڶֿܾҪʮľǿֹ
˵϶¶˲˼֮ɫĽݷǲԾǰʲôط
Ҷҡҡͷ治˵ˣ
ʱ˵Դʼת²ҶҪȥľʲôطȻҪһ߼ʮǿ֮ƿķӡ
Ƭ֮󣬺Ȼð⣬˷ܵѿڶ֪ˣԨ
Ԩ֣Ҷһ˿ŭΣȻһţȴкܶ˿ˡ
϶Ԩ֮⣬ڸûʲô̫ǿķӡ֮أ
ԣӡֻǾ˵Яδܴ򿪣ôʥܴ򿪣
ۣܸʮǿ𣿡
ҶϵеССĲڣҲûлӦΧ˵ۣǿĽݷĽݹԭѾ˵ˣ촸ܷһã
ҶҪȥĵطɲʲôƵذȥʲô
ͱˣұȥ
롣
ĽݷȻ۾ʶ۹ļߵĻŶȸ𣿡
˸˻Ӧӡǿޱȣ˵ˣħ춼δܽƣ˵ˣǿԿ϶Ѿ뿪ˡ
Ľݷɻĵǵ˼ǣթ
˵ǰʱ䣬ˣӦǷӡѿӡѿ϶ٳȻôȴһֱƽ˾Ҳȥ鿴ȴԨڶûҵ
Ҷ֪ʲô취ʳʲĻͱȥԨһҵԨڣǾͲҪˣҲö촸ʮǿߣǺ״ġ
֮Ľݷ۾ҶҶҲòˣҪƵķӡӦþӡɣ
ҶȴҧؾͲɿڣĽݹ㵽ǽ軹ǲ裿
裡Ľݷһͷ
Ҷʱ¶ϲɫл
ţһû˵꣡ĽݷҶĻ촸Խ裬ƲҶڵʵ޷ӳ촸ȫΪʥҪ乬ļͬʱ߶ԣҪһȥ
У
Ҷɫһ䣬ܾ
Ľݷȴ˿żʼǾû̸ȥıҪˣֻҶһʵǶ³ˣҪȥĵطԨܴӡˣԨ֮пһȺʵǿ壬ǵܿڻţʱҶĿûﵽԼͬǵ
һȥĻܹӡҾΣգٻ໹иӦ
ĽݷĻ䣬һλߺȻһЦԨ֮壬ҲһĽ֣Ҳȥ
塢ͺ壬壬ǰʱոձԨг˸ˣǺȻҲȥ鿴Ǿͺ۹һڶҲһʱ䣬Ҳûз˵Ϣʮֺ棬һҪŪ⵽ô£
ֱĿǰΪֹǶ֪Ҷ׷Ǽͷ޵Ĺϵ
ʵҲԾԾԣһǶԨĺ棬˭֪Ҷǡƴ֡ɽĶУ˵ʥˣȻȴ˼ҪԨ˵϶и޼۵ı
˽ĴͷһЩȻϴõĻᣬ׷ȿֺı̬ҲҪȥԨ֮еʲôĴڡ
ĴƷҵ˶ĶˣҲҪһȥֻǶǶĽݷڣûҶ
Ϊ˶֪ҶڵãǴŴҵԨڣһҵڣôûʲôˣ治ʲôöҲֲˡ
Ҷɫ࣬ԴŷŭĿⰤĴ˵һһӹĵðɣ˭ȥһȥҳ˵ǰͷȵԨ֮ǵĺɣʱҸƾʵȡ裡


1508 ƻ
ҶЭô˵϶¶һ˿ıóѵЦݡ
Ϊ飬ȻҲļΪĽݷףˣԼǰԨľʱ֮󣬷׷ǡ
ھҶߵʱмҶгĴƤЦⲻЦĵҶϲԸó
ǰҶԨ֮УҪʲôջĻǻлл㣡
ЩĻҶɫԽԽѿһ߶תµ˶ûǣֱ뿪乬
Ҷһ·УֱͣصѪ˳֮󣬲̲סЦ
˳ЦеĵⳡϷݵķǳɹ
ҶУûʲô©кüҲ㶼̲סˣ
ȻҶĽݷϵı֣ȫǰ֮ǰ˳õļϷΪľҪЩϼһǵȤǰԨ
õƭȻףǲò˵ɹĸȴǼߣЩûнҶĸϼһǣ
ӣһ֮ɽϣô죿
Ȼ˵оԵİܹӡ֮ǲһ򣬾һǲܽеϣϣڣǰԨ׼ǰǵʱͺһϹȥɽǻ͡
ΪҶѾģв˾ڲٷ֮⣬ǵ˵϶Ҷ֣ҲҶΪԨļƻܹ˳ʵʩҶֻѪΪ˵ģʱʱ¶档
˵εļƻǲеˣ
İ˳ļƻߣʵʩĻôһԨ֮УٽøһǿߣȻĻͲüˡ
ǿߣһɻ߼˵Ǽֵ˿ʥǲʵߣʹ󣬼Ź㣬ǿߵĴڣܹһ
һκδ˵޿ɹʧ
ƻ󣡡˳ˣ֮ûɵӣȻ㹴˺棬ǵʱϳǰˣ̫࣬Թ죬ҲҪиϹȥһһ£ҪԨ˿ɱ취ҪýɽΧڵ˶һĴۣ
ţ¥ӦҲоǿǰһҲҵĻô죿
ֻܵʱ취֪ͨˣֻҪǹĻӦûЩ˱һ롣
뿪ֱڲٷڴ򿪿ռ֮ǰɽҶ˳
ʱҶԵ֮ˮķձ仯Լӣÿɽ¶Ӷ˵Ľġ
Ȼ˳ҪģܵĿɱһЩǿߣôȻҪ취ɽһɱ
Ҷ˳֮ͨǰǸԨ֮ڲٿӡ֮
ʵµʱ򣬾Ѿ˸ϵɽǲֱӴɽɽغţΪЩ˵ǰҶ˳òСĵڲΡ
һ֮ɽѾۼ֮࣬˸ɵľǿ߶˲⣬һЩֵˡ
ȻҶҲ˵ǰҲһǰ̫ħ棬˳ˣΨһûпľġ
û۹ϢģӦѾ뿪˻졣
ҶҲбȻѪڼǿļˣӣҪԨ֮еõʲô
Ҷ˺˱һľ룬˵Ҳûһÿ˶ࡣ
ڣ۹乬ˣǣ˶̲ס˿Ϊǲ٣ƺƵнʮˣʮ˵Ѫ۹ľʮ֮࣡
Ҳ֪϶۹ȫʵ˲ò̾۹ʵǾƾҳҲһɺľްԣ
Ҷ˵ɫҲͬϾΪҲǵһֱӵĿѪ˵ʵǿĿ£ĿǰѪܹġ
һȺֱߵҶǰĽݷЦҶȻŰ
ҶɫеɨһȦ˵Ľݹôǿߣǲ׼촸˰ɣ
Ҷ棬׼ʮǿߣϹӡ
乬ܶ촸ʵҶ˳ļƻ֮УΪ촸ȻʥǿޱȣӡҲβƣһ촸ڹӡʱܵ𻵣Ƕ乬˵ɾͿˡ
֮ĿǰΪֹһжǰ˳ļƻڽУڳҲѾ֪ĳΪ˼ƻвɻȱӡ
ҶʼֻҪܹԨνַҿܹʮǿߣʮ֮Ҳ׼ˣһһ𣬹ӡ


1509 ʷ
Ҷڴʱ˵Ҫ̫Ҳ뵽ӡĶ鵱УȻֻΪҪĽݷЩ˷ſġ
ʵҲȷˣôˣȻҲҶϴǷʵԣҶľ͵˦ƹֻǰֻվһԿ֣ǹƶˡ
ҶҪ̫˼룬⵹ǻЩ˵Ĳġ
λ룬ȻˡĽݷͷ󣬹ܿһȦôûпˣô£ѵ˼Ҳ׼𣿡
ȻĽݷʳģȻ˵۹˷ų뿪ϢǱϾ˭Ҳû۵ü֮£ҶĴ𰸾ܵʵˡ
⣬֮ǰҶ˳ȻҲǵˣǾŸظʵʵ˵벻ţֻҪûеõȷвڻϢ֮ǰٶǶٵĻеԼ
ʦиҪȥ
ҶģɵĴ𰸣ȻڳЩ⣬ҲüȥĽݷ˸ҶȻټģǾʱʲôʱʼӡ
ҶϽֵĽݹ̫ҶĳˣҲһСӣܸҵλǰ淢ʩĽݹһ°ɣӡʲôʱ򶼿ԿʼֻǻʮǿߣȻԽԽá
ĽݷҶһۺ΢΢һЦתڳ˵λض֪ĸԴˣܹʮǿߣʮˣЩͬȤԸģɿڣ
ʱҶȻҵ˵һ£ҲӦ֪ԨʲôطһĴӡҲԤϵΣգҲܱ֤λܷȫˣλÿҪΪԼ
ҶƺںˣĿǰ֮£Խô˵Խ˵ĺĸӵʢ
һλò绨ŮӿҶһЦҶһ£ӡ򿪣ǲǲ׼Ԩ
ҶɫȻҪȥңһһȥ
ǾˣҶƲ㣬㶼ҽǻʲôҵأһ
˵֮ŮӾѾֱߵҶߣû뵽ͬŮһȻҲһǿߡ
Ҷҡͷзǽ벻ɵɣλûбҪģĲҪðսˣλһʲộǽҪΪˡ
ˣҶʵķȱˡһλҲ˹ĵҪ⣬Ҳǵ£ûκιϵ㻹ȹܺԼɣ
Ҷѣûκһ˷ϣƺЩ֮ǰѾԼһҪӡľǿߣȻںҶгǼ
۹乬壬幫ңң壬ĸѷһĶҲһһΨ۹հġ
ļң¥ţȻҲ˵ˣǸҶѣֻվԶûҪ롣
Ƭ̹򣬾ȻѾۼʮǿߣ
٣Ǽģޱ޼ʵĻڣǿߵڰңͼ֮һ˼൱ڻڰĸ漰ķΧǳ֮ȫˡ
ɴ˿ɼԨ⴦أЩ˵֮ˡ
ʵҶĽݷ촸һӺ͵߶ѣΪԨڴ󲿷˶൱Ԩ壬Ȼܶ˶֪Щǿ֪ܲ
ǿ壬ʥǿһ壬¶ǱԨֻʣһ˵ʬ壬Ҳ޿ɹƵļֵΪǴ󲻵ĺô
Ҷ˸ͷ֪ԨģھЩʼδϨ̰Ļϼһ̣յøӵʢ
ҲΪʲôֵ֮ԭڣʷˣͬһȺվڻ۷ǣͬʱԨͬҲΪЩı
ֻ᲻ҲͬǰһǾû֪ˡ
ѾˣĽݷ̳ЩˣʵҪţ¥ȴ˵˼ˣλѹܹӡʱǽǵһ֮ˣλĪҪȻǲˡ
Ľݷ֮ǾˣȻûгôһʱ򣬾ֲˡ


1510 
Ľݷв󲿷˵϶ûʲôӦĽݷҲģб˵û׼ƾʮǿߣηκˡ
ĽݷҶһ£Ҷ˵ĻǷ³֮ʥͣ뻹ûʣΪǸǲܵ£ϾԼҲûж촸
˵Ľݷʹע⣬ܹӡôضҪҶһȥҲûΣգҶǲٴԨ֮л뿪ˡ
ΣǶҪԨ֮УҶɱ
ҶѾˣǲǿԴȥԨˣ
Ҷӿֳһ˿Ⲣװģ˵ͷãһҪһ飬λӡҽǻǲҪ
ˣҶûˣ۹һλߺĴҶĻҲֻǺҶǳĵжԹϵʲô
Ҷ޺޵ĵ˶Էһۺĵɣ
һ˸Ҷ뵽˿ƬƲкǸΪǿߣ˿Ҳ¶һ˿𾪡
˭뵽λɽԨڣȻڿУǵʵʶȻ˭Ҳ޷ӦƬƲʲôͬ
ˡ
ҶƺΪԼĺı¿ηζе̬Ҳûǰ飬ָڵλ֮󣬾˵һԣȻûȻСȴٴζһ̫ˡ
Ѿ׼Ҷæ˳ȥʮλǿߵȫһǿÿֲݣ¾̫˵Ҷˡ
Ҷص˳ߣڶеţΪȻѾȫ׼Ƿûоԣһ̣˭Ҳ֪εļƻܷɹ
ΪԷһ֮ʶã±ǿǲֻĬĬվעķչ
Ʋ֮дĽݷλǻʵӡҲͲò˽ˣжʹɣֻҪӡԨ֮еĺöٲˡ
֪ˣĽݹǿʼɣ
Ϊվڻ۷ȺˣȻ˱˴֮ûкǵǵľ磬ȫҪоʲôͨ˴˵ϢѪȵܰպ׼ȷʱͬһʱ̳֡
ڣһ춯صƲ֮д˳
䣡
ɫâɺ嫵Ϣͬκһӿϯ˴ա
վ˿ƬƲʵ涸Ȼһ⣬ϸͻ֣ᷢ״һ
쿴ӡˣ
ʮǿߵǿӡȻ֣֮ɼԻص֮£Ȼ쳤Хһ۵ĽҲ˲
ոĽۿɼٶڷɿʧҶ֮ȴʮӡɢʧһΪģٵһ
ӦôԨ֮ڵѳɹĽ赽ӡ֮û÷ӡǽԨ֮УΪԸȺǿߵ
Ҷ඼ӿΪܿͽһսսĺͬʱҲԼѪδδ
飡
ʱһӰȻӹâɵƲ֮е˳ڷеĹ̵пѪ硣
ʦ棡
ϳӰݣ̾ų˹ȥһľǿߡ
ʦ棬ôˡ
λǿߵĺ˽סλǿߣȻǿȴ˫ĿգѪ絭𣬻˹ȥ
飡
ǽƵײƲ֮оȻӶӰɶҶǰȻһ˾ȻǷħ

ҶҲͬһ嵽УȻħ屧˻С
һΣҶΪƱ˶˳ҲȷһУΨһ㲻ģǹӡʱ򣬻ʲôΡ
Ϊûйôǿ֮ȥӡѺλҲ֪ʲôĺ
Ȼڣƫƫϳ˱ʡ
ħǸߴ屣סҶȥ鿴˳ȻҲһã
һ̣˳Ҳ𣬶Ҷ㶼ֹͣˣһεļƻ̫˸ȥǿԸ⿴顣
ģϷӱĲУӲĺܣٺ٣
ȻҶԺ֮д˷ħĴʮ㣬˵ӡ


1511 Ԩ
ԭ̫ʱ뵽һƻ
ɻصӡ֮ϣȷӡķ֮Ϊǿ󣬲һǻҵģ֪ײĸˡ
̫ˣܹ֮ɵоŸˣһ˱ɳȥ̫֮뵽ƻ
ӡƣҶ֮⣬Ѫе˶ܽԨΪѿƵķӡ֮˵ģҶѪ֮֮εϵҶֻҪСһ㣬ȫԶ㿪
Ϊ˲ǿģ̫ǱҪҸõĲԨɣ˳ƻģ̫ȴǸõĻᣬԼæħͳ棬װ֮ɳȥ
˻ҵ£û˻ע⵽ǼװɣΪݵĸ棬ҲĹ˵Сˣͺ͵һɳһѪҶ˳ֱס֮Ȼû̻ԣȴĿʯͷ֮ϡ
Ҷﳤһʮ̫ĻǣԺֻû㣬ȻĻԼɳܲˡ
ȻоŸ˱˳ʮȴ˵ӹ˷֮֮˰֧ʱҲʧȻӡҲ֮ʧԨڻ˿
һɹŨʱڴ˳壬Щ˾Ϊ֮һ𣬸ոΪ֮һ㵣̼ɢ̿ʼ̰߶óһʼЩȥǵĺʯ¡
һǿҪɾϼһȻ֪˵ı󣬸οҲûҶǿȫԽ塣
ĽݷЦԨر˶ꣿû뵽쾹Ȼҵȸˣ
۹λٺһЦҵ֮׳٣պȻʷᣬˣ
ȻЩӵŨĶڵˮûм빥ӡЩ˵϶ʱ¶˰û֮ɫ
ϧڲܳȥΪĽݷղ˵ĿǺˣȥȻһսֻΪǣֵã
Ҷ˳һۺ󣬵˵ͷȻٴԨڷȥ֮ȴɫĵλҸıˣڲԨˣϾѪһλ֮ˣҪϽˡ
ȥ˵ؼһλߣԨû֮ǰôȥڴˣ˵ȥˣ㣬ܣ
Ľݷ̬˵Ǻõ㣬·̬ήҵ̫˺ҶǼλΪ֮첻ʲôˣ΢Ϣһ¾ˣͲõˣǸǽȥɣ
Ҷ϶Ҫģڲʱ䣬ΪԨ֮Ѿӡ֮⣬Ҳ˵õģѹǿߣͬԶԸǰЩˡ
Ҷ˵ʲôȴߺĴϵˣϻˣ㲻ҪһҪһ㣬ҶָŻܹ㡣
ɨһȦ֮Ҷͷãҽ
չ˺λ
ҶҲκˣֱ˽ȥڽȥͬʱͺϵˡ
Ľݷ˸ûн󣬶վԭأԷųҶĽŲϵ롣
ȻҪҶͷʲôΣյĻҶ϶ǵһꡣ
һ֧ʱҶңң˳Ŀǰûʲô£߰ɣ
Ľݷ˶һۺڲԥ̧ٻԼĺǵҲһɣӦûʲôΣա
ǵΪ˳ȶûϵ⵹һ£ȻǿǶĲǸǿߣҲм𼸸պͻ᲻ٵв
ǣԨĶ飬Ӷʮһӷһʮˡ
Ⱥ˽һ֮ͻȻһӰһҲڣҲλǿߣղŲûм뵽ӡУ˵ǲܽȥģĽݷǶѾԨ֮Уڴû˿أȻλǿ̲סˡ
˵һˣеڶȻܹһٶ˽ԨļҵһԥһҲԼ˽ʱ򣬶ϺȻ̫Ĵ㣬Ҿ;Բȥ
ͬʱͬ¥ŵĸҲѪһĸ˵Ĵ֮
ֹסŲʱȴǲðһɺ⣬ѵ˵ιӡԨҶµ
˵ĻҶǷ׼һԵĽôľǿߣֱʣʵеˣ


1512 ֮
Ҷ֮Ԩʮˣһ·ֱ룬Ȼû˿ΣգֻͬҲûпҶӰӡ
ǵǲ⣬ҲҶһߺöΪǸͲ׼Ҷ뿪õʲôöҲֻԼѡ
һ뵽Ҷϵĺɽʥ棬ҩټѾԨϵľ룬Ũ֮⣬ҲûиоκΣգЩ˵ʱʹʼ˵Цˡ
λʯϵĺۼȻ﷢ǳսǼΪңֻҵ꣬δʷᣬýվȻܹٴν˵أհһǰǵķɡ
˵ǣһΪⱲӶ֪Ԩˣ֮ǰʵԸΪпȻʱȥҲ޺ˣ
ִԲˣ汲ȻڴսӢ޵Уˡ˵䲻𾴵ĻʵǲδõԨ֮еκζΪ弴еʱ򣬾ӡԣǲǵһԨˣҪ֪ʮϲռĵرû׼ܹҵĵҩٶϼʮ꣡
е˵еٺ٣ҪٸҼʮʱ䣬û׼Ҿͻ֮ʱɾͲǶʮ꣬Ǽǧˣ
ЩԽ˵Խ˷ܣƺѾռĵرڷŵǵǰ͵ȡˡ
ڸ̸֮УƽȺסҶǵĽȺǰȻҲͬסˣδ뵽ﾹȻ˻ֺһƬ
ǿɲģԽֻǸп󣬱ֱԨڣ׵Ԩ֮
ǾǿߣΪĴڣǵ޷Ԩ֮оһ龰һʱ֮мԱ˾ȻðһɲõԤС
˵ôе㲻ԾԨҲ̫˰ɣϴǵﱻ˾ߣ˵϶˻ţأ
ǰһ·ȫе֣ѵǰǾסĵطûһ𣿡
⼸˵ĻʱҲģȻʱԨ֮ͻȻһʵĹâһɵ㣬һҶλǶеŹ֣ȱҵϢ
ҶʧͬʱʹâҲ֮ʧȻеڿƮɢ
һӣͻȻ¶˾ϲ֮ɫ޸ݵζҶժֲҪȥ
£ѾֱԨһ֮˷Ӧ˹޸ݣһζϡȱϣﾹȻУ
һ̣û˹˼ɺԥȫ֮Ԩ
ͬʱվԨ·Ҷзųâһ꾧Ө͸Сݣ̧ͷԨϷһЦ֣׼ˣ
ȺֺܿԨĵײǸߴ׵ĶںͶ֮ԴԴˮٴס
λȴһ֮ͳ˹ȥȻǰ澰޸Ҫ
ۡһԾˮУȻҲǽ棬һЩö
Ҷǲ£ΪҶȵõǿɾûˣܻܲɱֻܸƾʵͻԵȥˡ
һʮѾȫ뵽ˮУ˭Ҳûע⵽ոĶ֮ϣϢĸֳһƣ֮ʧ
쿴
õѾ˵ҲޱȵļĹˡ
ȻһȣȻոճȥʮ׾ʱˮͻȻһ
ţһֻһôľצƾճֱ֣Դץ˹ȥ
͡һλǿ߾ȻûüԴͬһצץ飬ԽѪƮɢˮУצֵ̫ͻȻ廹ǰĶּʮ֮Ȼء
ոջ׼ȫǰһĻˣԭأ˵ĺ󷽣һֻצȻ֣ץ˷ҵһλߡ
ͷλͻȻ֣æһԾǱĶ˿վԵˣȴǱצ壬ѪĽ
צʧ˴ĿԼϵĴ󶴣Ȼû׹⵽ô£Լôˡ
ĽݷܻĴгãϵˣ
𣡡
һһɿֲϢͻȻˮ磬˵ܣһɫۣ֡
ѿӡ֮ڿʼ˹


1513 ܵ
ʥϵ޵еĴڣӡʵϾ̺֮ķӡȻԶЩǿɼвˡ
ټǸû뵽ﾹȻڣҶѾƽµһ·˽ȥǷ˾裬Ե֮ͻȻֵʱ򣬴һֲ
Щ˶ǸǿߣȻ֪ҶĵʱҲ侲˼ͬʱ֣߸ֳۡ
¡¡
ǵǿ֮£ˮȫ˿ӴӲĽܴһƬյ
ȻʱʱֵȻˣȴǺ޸оһһ̾޴ҲˮУסǿߣһա
ۡǿ߸ûУֱӱ뱬˿
ֵѪȳЩǿǵĺȫŵɫˣʥ϶ʼػǴ룬ŭˣҪɱǣӲˡ
ŭ죬ӦֻӡֻҪЭ϶ܽ䳹׷飡
УҲҪҪӳȥ
һͻȻתĶڳȥȻ顱һԸٶȱ˳ȥڵƬͬһˮ֮϶ʱһŽɫơ
һЩǿҲ¶ɫ·ˣ
ͷﴳҾͲţǷӡ֮ѣסˣ
Ȼλߣͷ֮϶ȻһɫαӲӣ֮
ͣ
һָ̻һ˳ȥﬡһɹĻһոոֳۣ˵ǡ
Ȼܹ߻УٴһЩȼģǲǵС֮ˣֻͻȻֵȷʵŵǣټϸղ˺ϻûи˿˺Ϊһʥƴûˡ
зΪҲ̶ĽݷгһС͵Ĵӣ촸ΪƣȻǷƵʥͬС
ӷɵУʱСɽС˸âݺݵһֳȥ
䣡
һΣȻıУĽ֮Уһ
ͬʱ֮еѶȻһѪ˫ĿԲվԱߵҶһæеʵôˣ
û£
Ѱ˰֣۾Ĵ˽ϵǿѪһŭ֮ʣµĲˣмͬѾѣʹǳȥЩˡ
ӡһӡѾʮʱ䣬֮ҲһǰʮǿߵĺһȻѼʱӡ˻һʵ̫ĥһЩ֮
ЩŻʱʱ֣ʱãʱʵ壬֮ȵı֡
ʵʱܵѾͬͬܣԲŻѪ
ˣҲȻǿĿȺ˷
޴β֣һСɽݺȥʱ˱ĳ⽴β֮ȴҲһǿһʸ
սԽԽңȻ֮ǿÿһγֶһ˵ȺǿҲ˻
һ֮ʮѾ˹룬Ĵ󲿷ֶʵߵˣǿ߻ʣ¶ʮ֮ࡣ
Ľݷ󺰵ҼסϾҪˣ
ȷʵʱԽԽٶҲԽԽҲԽԽСѸ³߰˿Ѫɫ԰׵Ŀ¡
ҶȻһѵļ֣ˣʣµĽҰɣ
ȴǿҡҡͷҧһٳһᣬ֮ȫɢ֮ǰǿһС
ãһ𣡡
Ҷһۣ֮ȥӡ֮Ҳ˳µһ󣬴ɽڡ
ǽõģжҶ֮ϵڣ´󷢶֮ʱͬһ鹥
ȻѾ֧Ų˶ãҲżֳ˳ȥҶ֪ٵˡ
ɽϵ˳ҲѾ뿪װ˵̫ˣһط͵֮أҲڡ
Ҷ޷ϵֻ֮ͨı仯жҶͼӶͬʱ󷨣л
ͻȻ͵ȻһڣȻ˳ɻ档
ͬʱţ¥˵ĶҲٴ̫˵Ĵٶ뿪ɽ


1514 ȫ
ɽǧͬһڴ֮ϣȻڣɽȻھҵĲɽѡ
¥ȴ˸Žµ𶯣뵽ԼǰĲ²⣬Ȼ׹ĳˡ
Ҳ͸˵Ҷ̤乬һֱɽ𶯣ҶȺ뵽Ԩеľǿǵһƻһܿܽȫɱļƻ
Ȼǲ뵽ҶΪʲôܹԨ֮ǴĿǰƺһжҶǵƿ֮£սʱЩǿмܹ뿪Ԩ
ЩɻʣûнԨˣȫɵ˿У˳æӻȡԾڼطú֮ҲϽ˿С
˳˵ǽҶʦе²пɲֻó֮ǾͨŶݼףҽ棬Ź֮һӵʦΪ˰ҶĶţɽóһϣܿ
ԣɽǽҶĹ۵˳ԵƣһЩϡȱıöɣ֮󳬺
ͬʱԭ̫ħͳˣͻȻâ𣬷ֱ

һҽдһǰӡ֮˵ľǿѾ̫С
ţħͳҲֱɱһǿߣͣļľǿߡ
˵ͻȻϮʵǳ˵ϣټٶֿ죬Ȼһɹļҵλ̲ס΢΢ü֣е˰ɣѵҪ˶ɱ
̫ޱĿһ۵һεľ־ΪЩ׼ģȫ£֮ǰô׼񲻶׷ˣ
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ȻҶԵĵ˵ĵȼҲǸ߳˰ٱֹ󲿷ֶǾǿߣЩǿߣµ˷˽磬ŵ˵һ˾Ϳ׵Ļ磡


1515 ʵͷ
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Ҫ֪嶼Ѿӡʮʱ䣬һеȻǰЩˣǵȺˣǻĶŻٵĹϵˣȫԼѹʮŭ𣬷йǵϡ
ǼսһʱҶѣŬӡںϵЩŵľǿҲæѰķ
˫ȫʱ䣬˭һ˭Ϳս֣Ϊյʤߡ
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Ҷ֮£ܹĿֵľ˿ͬɽףȻ𽥵ɢһϵѹ
һһˣҸоĵܹʱʵ廯ٿԷӳʥһˣ㹻Щˣ
ѵѣҶ˵ͷȴǸпǧڸٿصȻ֪֮ӴȻȴֻܹӵʥһʮǿߡ
ʥȫ֮£жôǿأ
Ҷ޴Ҳ޷ѹ־ôҪӵһɹʹأ
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Ϊͳξ죿ΪͬѪķ
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ˣ֧Ųסˣڷˣ
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ֻ˶ޱȵͷʵģԾõġ
ˣҶҲһִĸоҪǰĤݣ


1516 
⻹ʥֻʥڲ֪֮ǰµķӡ̺֮Ĵӿ룬ͷԻʵ壬ӵ˾˵Ǻѹ
ֹҶȻ֮еľǿߺͬҪĤݵĸо
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1517 
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1518 ط
Щ֮гֵӰ̬֮⣬ǧٹ֣̬еε壬һ׳βеǻƬеȫ󣬸һ˿Ӱӡ
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Ҳ˽Ҷߵǵǰǽӵһ£ֻкǣÿֻޣҶֵܣֱ˴˿ԽޱĽԷֵܣ

˳˽ʮӰҲ嵽Ҷǰ
˳ϵأҶ֪·ʵʲôˣ
˳ȻҲ˺ǣ϶ʱһ˿ϲú˷ܣȻͺ֮ĹϵҶҲܹ֮ط꣬ȻԵĸˡ
ڲɵʱ˳ЦݣҶϹˣ٣ʮǿߣǴ򣬻ߣ


1519 ɽ
Ϲ塱ֵ֣ɫ΢΢һ䡣
ĳ˵ϹʵźܶĹͬ㡣
ȣǶ岻࣬Ҷ˵ǿȺÿȺ֮вͬĻ֡
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ϡ٣ϹȴǼ࣬Ϲǰеһ˿Σ
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ȻҶεļƻ˵ǴȫʤҲΪˣǲپܹϹԿʱʵ
ӡѾȫʧ̫ǰЩǿǵĴսУԸ˲˵Ҳ˼ġ
ҶԼټϺǣϹĶ֣壬ӷӡôʱѹʵǵ嶼ǼǿģҲֻһһ
ˣҶֻѡߣ
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Ȼȴҡҡͷļңǲߣ
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˵ˣʵγ֪͵Ϊ߸ϵ壬Ĳġ
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кöǿ϶ģΪסôǿ壬Ҫûռöǲǹأ
СڵͷҶҸоɽУһɷǳǿģģǿ¶֪Ҿãһʯ
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ƺҶĲΪȻСҡҡͷⲻͨʯ˵̺ҲϤеϤҲеİĸоû취ݣҪ˵ĻҾãʯģ


1520 
磡
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Ҷ֪ˣܹ죬ҳפеģٶе㱳ģѺ͵ˣҲԸ
ִһҲʮǵĵȻޱȣǵĺҲǮˡ
ɣһҲɣΪɳϵĶǧۣȫҼһҲͰʯңΪ˺Ҷģȥʯõӣ
ˣһ죬ʯĴһġ
˵ʱȴԥһº˵һ£ǾҶ뷨ҲǴ󣬵ȷ˴˵ڸ컹һͬʯһʯͷ
ֻǣʯͷԴڸ죬磬磬Ȼͬˮһĸھɽ磡
̺ʯͷΪʯʯежҲ
ʱҶֻǵûֻ̫࣬ʶѪһŵ˺ҪΪ磬Ƕôѵһ¡
ȻڣСڵĻȴ˺ʦ̸ֵⷬΪ̽޵ĺߣǵĸоҪԶ飬ôӦŲ磬ȴ̺żϤеİʯͷ᲻ʯأ
ҶֶˣôֵԼȥΪԼѾ˾ҪʵҪϵĻʯܵõһʯĻһݾˡ
ҶϸѯСڸӦǿʯͷĵص֮Сͨ뿪ںǣ˵ʲôҲߣҶֻ
ţҶҵ˳ǣ˿ǵİ£ҲѾʼν봫
ȻǶŲᣬǴ˿ȴֻסȽԼԼһȥ
֣һ¡
Ҷһߣǿʯͷ˵˳Ϊǻ᲻ģǵĻԼȻռС
ֿԵȷܴ󣬵嶼ڣõһʯҲʲô̫ϡ顣
Ȼȴãҡҡͷʾδ˵ʯͷҶҲû׷ʣΪʱ򣬼˶ܸо֮⣬Ѿ˼ǿȻϹѾˡ
ҲʼߴԼǶ㣬ȻҶʵƷӡȻӡҲģٿԵֵһ
ǸϽɣ
ã
ͻȻҧԼ⣬׼ĳλһѪʱ֮Ͽʼһε·Լٶӡ
ȻƵķӡѪ֮Ƶķӡżƣʵֽ·µķӡ϶ķʽҲûʲôϡĵطǿҪǿЩƵ˵ʵ
ͱ˵ڲٷϵѪħ۹ѪƷӡֻҪǳԽʵˣ޷Щӡ
ȻƷӡʱͻȻһЦƷӡ壬ԽԽȥˣķӡ


1521 ħ޶
˵ȻϹ壬ĻҲǳ˳徹ȻҳӦսֻǴƷӡϣֵ
ⷬ϶ʱӿֳһƬɫ˫ԲɣؽҧȻһɱ⣬ȻΪ壬ʲ
ʱһɫ԰׵꣬˫СǿѾƵ˽Ҷæһѵ쵽뿪ǾΪ
ûзҶԼټҶһҲƵһֱ˴֮С
ҶֽǸҲ˽ȥк˳һߣ
˵Щʲô˳֪ܲҶ뷨κλᣬѾ󣬴˿ռ֮š
Сĵ㣡
Ҷͺǵ˵ͷâڽ˶ͻ˲ٷ塣
ʱҶųĳһȻźǵ֣жûвսˣ
ǵ˫ָֻ֮Ѫ֮ɫڱܵԺεɢ˳ٺһЦ̫ˣ
ںǵĻո£ӰͻȻͬ˽ͬʱһҵĲ˷ܵǽ֮ϸһɫ·ʯ㣬룬ֱʧ
ƷӡɣʱıҲٴǰ˵֮˵չܵģ㣬ºˣƷӡѳɣҪ̶ʲộӻȥ֮壡
ߣ˵ǸϽưɣҲ棡
žһֵҶȴȥ飬ǿվԼͺǰˡ
ɣ˾ǹͶḷ̌
һֱǳǰ棬ԾȻƷӡȫ֮ǰ֮УϹûôˣȫ֮⡣
⣬𿴸ղǳĳЦ壬ʵҪƿƷӡҲǼ򵥵顣
Ҷľ̺͹˵򵥵ʶ˺ǣ꣬ޱĻӦĸ֣һһ
ȻȲϹҲ壬ħޣ
ǺʥĳЩʥ޻Ҫǿħޡ
սħͬһֲֿȺϹ֮£Դ˿ԹͶḷ̌Ƿǵû˿η壬˷ܣ˫֮Ѫ䣬ԴѪҺеıȫ˳
ȻҶ֪ĿǰʵԺģʶǵڣѾüζ˹ŹأȴƽⲢΪǵãӵǿ־ηľ
ҶϴӮˣҿôܣ
ľһ£ѱϴκҶıҶٴǵٴƣ˵Ȼ̡
ȻҶڣȴצӶ˹εĶң
ľɨһۺǺĵһͷħҲԲѣǺͬǵʳ
𣿡ǲûбľ̵ĻŭͷԼ촽ƽĵǽǾͿ˭˭
£ѾȻ˹˫צ֮ȻܻһƬĽת۾ͽľ̸
˵ʵҶںҪԸľ̻е㵣ĵģΪͶľֲ֣֪̽ٿսΪ죬ôûмǣҲǵʵ
ڿǵĹʽȴд󶨣ľ磬㲻ԼҲԼ٣ҲͬǰϰڰԼΪıܣȥ巢Ͷս
սȻħһеģΪÿһӺצǹĺɫ
ﬣ
ЩڿмȻֲ֮ǣÿһĴ̳Ȼ˴·ȥԼ˼ִӣ˸оںǵĹڴĳͷ
ľȻԴ󣬵Ͼӹ֣һ۾ͿǾǸǿУԸҵ
񻤷
Ǹؿؼ׵֮ϸ֣أͬһһ㣬޾Ĵϡ
ǵǿҶϣȻҲʱתԼĶֹ죬ǷҲҪһս
ԾǸĶŵӣҶĻ΢΢һЦҶ֣ⲻΪ˺ܵģΪӣܹ˰֪ǲҶΪ
ΣΣ
ȻʼնƽӣҶȴԱȶľ̸£ʼնƴ
ٴЦҡҡͷҶֵĻеˣҲûҪҶΪе˼Ȼ岻ڣȻҲû飬ֻǵҶֺ֮ԼǷˣ


1522 ħҫ
Ҷ֮ԼҶ֮еŸ߹죬ΪرǷҶһ顣
˳֮ҶѾ³ϹͼӦԥһºԣ֮һ
һ仰ϵĵȻʱʧȡ֮ļһ׷ʵҶ֣ǿںη
Ҷ֪¶ˣĵѾ֮Լˣ
˿ɫȻ˲ָԭЦĵ˼Ҷ֣ղе㼤ˣɣٽԼݸһ£Ƿһ飬ҶֿϽֱӽǣôϹӴ֮󣬽ҶֳΪѣҶֵ飬Ϲ飬Σ
ֵҶ̲ס˿ˣΪʵ̫ջˣ
ֻҪԼôϹھͻԼˣӵǿѣҶҪڵĵˣʮּ򵥺ɡ
ҶίʵûϵϹȻڱصãȻҲӺ棬ΪʲôôҪ
ѵҲΪ˼֮ӣһ
ʱںͺսĶľͻȻƿڴ죬ʲôƾʲôʸȺ
죡
춸ȻһŭӲĴ˶ľ̵ĻڵͬʱҶȻڹϾȻֳһŰ߰
ľƺҲѱԸ񣬾ȻĹԹԵĽͱˣӣڹ죬ʵҲżɵ
Ҷ΢һ֣ȷʵǳĶҪԭϹΪʲôһôȤ
йâ˸ȴҡҡͷԲҲܸ㣬ԷģҸղſЧңʸϹȺ
ҶٴγԾ첻һȻܹȺ֪ݱȻʮȻǿ˵ҲǷǳҪ
¡
ͻȻһ֮⴫һӴӰӳ˽лţ̶û°ɣ
һͷǣϳɫƬ˴֮УĿ֮ɫһ֪Ͷľһġ
ľ˷е壬ץס֪䣬컹ס
𣡡
ǶȻһһſž޴ĺɫʯͷȻڿи֣ÿʯͷɢһɹĺڹ⣬ǳһ㣬ܵĿȼĿֲƸҵĲ
ħҫĿзһͷħ޾Ȼݻ࣬ѵã̫ѵˣò˶ã¾ܽݱһˣ̶ٺˣϽʹǿɱ
ҶȻ֪ʲôħҫʮڿеľ޴ĺɫʯͷͷųѹ̲סĵ׷һĲڣټ϶ĽͣʶԭǺ࣬ཫܻĸ
ʵҪܻһ磬ľҪܹܻ࣬㳾չֵģҲġ
ҶͰг࣬ˣҪܻһ磬ȻҪࡣ
ȻǾȻȫƾԼŬԼ࣬ⲻò˸е𾪡
ѣľ̵¶һ˿ЦħޣӲˣ׼ɣ
壡
ˣ
ľ̵֮ɲǼ侹ȻֳһؿؼףͷӶȫİͺٻֱһģһ
ͬʱľɢϢҲ֮ı䣬øӵĺ嫺Ϳ񱩣һϢƮȻܽռѹ顣
Ƕľ̵ǿˣ
Ҷɫ΢䣬壬ȻǽٻԼΪһ壬һ̣ḻ̌񣬾Ͷ֮ͷųĶȻΪֲ
Ҷȴе벻ͨȻľ̻ôǿսôԼԾʱΪʲôʩչ
ǿԴԸ񣬲ܻ˽
Ȼ췢һߣ֮ﵽ壬Ҳʲôʵ顣
ҶʱȻڶľ̵Ͽ϶ʲôܹʩչһսӦܸԼ֮õġ
תݺһɹ죡
ηĵһЦҲ˵ҶĺǲǶľ̵Ķ֣ǰԺ֮ȴͻȻ˺ǵңϽǿʯ


1523 ħХ
ǲҶֵܣ֪ҶĿģҪסЩ֮⣬ȻҲǵǿ鱻СڸӦʯ
ǵĴҶȻչֳҲȫҲȻк֣
ʱͻȻ췢һХ֮ϿʼѸٵĸһɫͬһƬ
¡¡
źǵХʮͬǳһĺɫʯͷȻʼ˿ٵƶÿһʯͷɢ񱩵ռ䣬˴˼以ײȻ졣
ʯͷ֮ĻײǱըǱ˴ںϵһ
Ϊ죬ÿʯͷһСɽһ˵˴ײȻụըǾȻ෴Ч˶еͷԡ
¡¡
һܼ籼װײ󣬿еʯͷԽԽ٣ֻʣһţȻĴ˶·
ľ̴˿˫־գȻûнӴǿʯǴ΢΢岻жϳֵʯͷŵѹ
ҲûЦݣͬأ֮ɢһֽɫĹâҫۣӦҲڵֵžʯѹ
ֻжȽɣȴҲһ˿ɻüͷšһעͷǿžʯ֪Щʲô
ҶҲסˣû뵽ǾȻǿֵزһ֮ͬʱѹ
޴ʯͷھֹڿУԭһ˿˿ĺڹʱҲĺɫâҫۡ
ħХ£
ɫڱˣںĸ֮˫ͬʱӳӴ۳ʮֻͷǵĽڣÿֻڵ϶ɢҫ۵Ľ⣬ͷ֮һֽɫ̫
ʮֻڣͷʮ̫ͷǿźɫķʯȻײȥ
ͬʱٴ췢һǺͬͺɫʯ໥Ӧһ㣬嶸ȻУȻ뵽˾ʯ֮С
һ˲䣬ɫľʯȻ͸һ߹ҹգֻͷųǺɫĹâ֮Уһͷ°ĺ쳤Х
ХҶ˵ûκεӰ죬ǹɫȴɲǼҰޱȣľΪͷ޷ǼѾڵϾҲ壬ԿҲòȥ
䣡
ʮֻںͺɫײһʱһֻʣ¹ͺڰĿռ䡣
¡¡
ƷӡҲ޷ֵײȫһεĻɫ·ܷߣƺҪסȴ
꣡
һѷ֮ѷʱ֣˲ĹѾ鲼ƣںȻը
˿̣ˮ磬ͬɽͬĩٰһһɺͽɫͺɫľ޴ԲιȦϵӣһȫû
֮£ҶҲòųɽԺԪԼȴ۴͸ƬȦĶ֮еĺǡ
Ȼ쳤ХֻѾ̮ڸǣȴ
ΪĽɫâѾ𽥵ĿʼռƣɫâڲϵСС
ûκԤ׵֮£ɫâͻȻʧͬǿźɫҲϢ֮ը˿ǵӰ֮е䡣
ݣ
ҶһâȻµĺǣȻʱһִβͻȻҶǰ֮ݺݵ
βͳֳɫҶֱҪǲˣϲַʽˡ
ȻĲҶǰϸֳǸ߰Բ³Ӧǹˡ
ˣ
Ҷ֮ϻȼգȻȭһ޴ı¥̨Ļβ͡
սʽ㾹ȻĺʹʥսйأһҧгݣƺǴ֮м洫
ৡһβ;Ȼ˲ֱףܹĿƬȻͬһֱУҪǱУ㲻ѹҲᱻЩƬʬΡ
ҶͬҧأѪҺȫڣɽУ˫ֽգӭβʹ˹ȥ
ںɽβ͵ʱβͻȻڿһתԭҶģʱˡ
ǴӺɫ֮еڱ֮ѾѪȻûǾˣٶҲǰ޷㿪
ǣ
Ҷ۾ɳѪҲûľͽеĺɽ˳ȥϣܹԺԪΪǵֵһЩ
Ȼʱ򣬿ͻȻһķţţһֻɫĴ֣ǴԽʱգ޾֮г֣һѾͽкǵβ͸ץסˣ


1524 ͨ
ֻ˺գͻȻֵĽɫ֣ޱߵĺȻץסβ͵ͬʱһ˦һҽԶԶ
ۡһ׳βͺȻ˿һɺɫѪӶѴ
ɫֺͣжβӵ˵ϣĶץȥͬʱһͬհı𣺡ߣ
ֻɫ֣Ҷ˶ѾĲոӹһٵĺҲѪ˸ȻǶֵֻ֪˾ʥӰ
Ȼ˻죬ȴΪԭ򣬱Ҷ˳ʼյҪȥֻǷΪյʵ̫ǿƾҶĿǰʵȥ˲ܾȳԼһƽ
ȻڣֻڰƣҶĶҪгѵѾ˳ǷѾ˶
֮ͨкʱִܣȻ˷ͨ
ͬŽɫƣĿзⷬҶжȻһ
ͨǷеһս˵е⻯ʲͬǸڶľ̵࣬ڶʱʱռ䣬ǧԶҲ˲估
ֻǷ࣬ԵǻҲԵһִȴˣ
ĻҶϣҶѵʶˣԭ˲ûģֻķࡣ
ݣ
һĺХһͷŭ˽ĵźɫѪȻǸղβ͵ˡ
ͷҧݵĵķߣôǵ飬⵽˭Ȼͨ̽ΣȻʩչͨѵ֪ĵıԴ𣡡
ҶһͨϷͨ˼Դ
꣬ԴǵԴһģʵܵӰ죬֮ġ
Ϊ˾ԼͺǣȻԶðΣգʩչ˿ԱΪķս
ˣ
ɫ˺ѳƬռٴѿΣһߴĽɫӰ˳һ°ɫɮۣʵϳŴȱׯϣ˫֮ȴȼŽɫĻ棬һɱڷߵĳɱ
߽ǰķ࣬ҶҲѾԿ϶Ϊͨޣʵ塣
ķȻתͷһۺǺҶеɱ΢΢ׯϵҲ¶һ˿ϤЦݣܿ˿ЦݾѾٴδһߣ
䣡
һһδ˽ÿһҶҧأһס˺ǵߣ
ȻҶ뿪ȻҶҪӰķѯ֪ǰķʽΪԼͺѰܵĻᣬԼԲܹԣֻߣ
ţһȥ
ҶͺǣٿȻ˵£Եٳ˳ȥµ˲䣬Ĵץסˣ
Լͬҷȱ
һ̣ҶͺǾʲôˣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ˵ǧ׵ľ룬ǿ顰ʯڳȥ
ΨһǸеҵľǣǵס˵ĲİĻǾԲ뿪
˳Ǽûκ谭ҵǿ顰ʯ
ڵ½ǧ׵Ҳɽɽ֮£ޱߵ֮УһһСʯͷɵ֮Щ֮УȻƯһһŹֵ·
Щ·ҲڴȴҶĿǰΪֹκһֵƣҶ˼ְգʯͷܾܿǴ˵еʯ
ŵ˵ɽ֮ŨĵԭʯͷҶãɽԭӦòֻʯͷ֮󣬲𽥵γ
ϾֶһģΧ˵Ӱ£ҲǱĬķű仯
֮ѧʷǳӣҶҲֻһ֪⡣
Ũġ
űӣܹоĵʯͷɢ壬ԼЩ˵ϵĺôⲢϤһЩ˵
ȴȥ
ҶϹ廹׷ʯ˺ɽȻó˴󷨣źǣڻص˲ٷ塣
ǳڲٷʱΧѪи߲Լǡ
ȻҶڵȴǵƽ
ǳ֣˶˿ҶҲ˵ͷˣȥɣҪ˵


1525 ʯ
֮У˳εս򵥵˵һ¡
һεļƻ˵Ǵȫʤӡͼλĺ֮£ܹɱ˾ǿʮˣҳɹĽ˾ȳѪ
˳˵֮ѻȸȻŵĻ϶Ǿǿߣǲò˵һҶ˳Ǽƻĺ㹫ʵʩҲȷ𺳵ǣ
ò˼죬¾ͽ£ٴһ𺳻Ĵҳ̶ȶҪĳҶ˾Ͼľǿߣﵽʮˣڴ˼ΪƾõһЩ
ȻҶҲһεıϷ˼⣬Ϊ˹עĽ㣬ҪǣЩҲԻ᲻һֶεչɱҶ
Щڼƻִ֮ǰҶѾǵˣȻȷٺܴΣգֵã
Щǿߵ䣬ÿ˵Թʧ۹ϵľͳߡ
ҶԼλʼֻδ˵ʹ
һƬҶ̧ͷˣԥһ뿪֮˵˳
Էͨķʽ֣ȷ˵ϣֻ̫ü򵥵һ仰͸顣
һֵܣ
ӦûǴڱ״̬֮Уҵ˳˵ΪǿзӡˣȻ£Ȼʱʱ̵̿Ҷǡ
󣬰һԷеͨ˵ͨҵҶǵڣһУ䷢Σ֮󣬸ǲϧıԴʩչͨԽǧľǰԮ
ƾһ㣬мܹ
֮˳ڵķͨٴһϢǵȻΪӦҲѾָҪǣϤǸ
˳ĻҶͷһ𣬸мĿһۣĬĬĵ˵ͷеƽ
Ϊ˵Ϊʥӻĳλ޴תΪǻ᲻ϧһд۵ͼ꣬ϴԣԵʱҶһ䣬ȳȻʱһܾܿͻ᲻Ϥİ
ڵǱˣǸԺͬĻȱˣּɱϵİ
ǸϢҲȳֵܡ
Ҷ˿ʱ·ŵһߣִӺɽнǿʯͷӵ˴ĵϡ
ʯͷأڳ˵ɫǶʱ䣬һʵˣȻܷ̾ʯͷĹ֮
Ȼһ֣֣˴ӳʼģ뿪Ԩܾ֮Ԩյͬԭԭ
ȻĻе״ΣȴˣҶӿ϶Լԭȵ뷨
ɽľʯͷٳɵģ
ңʯҲпܾĳλǰĵɽ£Լˡ
ֻû˵ʯ˿飬Ҳ޴жˡ
Ҷ򵥵ĽйʯĴ˵˵˳ͷҲ˵˵ֻǴûе棬ڿ˵Ӧˣʯͷͷų壬ԲǱ⣡
Ҷ֣ʯͷģպðɣ
ȻҶƲʯµģȻܽΪУҪԭ
ȻȴһЦҿͦõģҲزȥˣҺƤﳤס֪ɲԡ
Ѫ¾˫ֻӭ
סѪȫһֹӮĹϵѪķӡԱ岻ַǿҲ׳Ѫʵ
Ȼˣʯͷ͵͸ˡ
˵仰֮󣬾˵һߣ˵
Ҷһůܲ˼΢һãҾͲˣʯһҪס鷳ǬгΪƷʦ츳ڲٷѰҳһʵλãʯ¡
˳ͷȴٿȻ̧ͷɻĿҶ뽫ٷɵڶɽ
ٷ屾һʯ룬վãŨ޷ĵزѪ˵кô
ǣ˳ɫصĵӦҪʯˣΪҪ֣壬ٿһɣοˣֱڣȻδѴ׷ɱ


1526 ʲ
ʲô׷ɱ
ʳ仰ǺǣǱԨ֮ôʱ䣬˲ٴ£ȫ֪ҶϷʲô
Ҷڰֵһһϸǡ
̫ҲڵС˵ĶԣӦýʯеգֻøǿ󣬲ܴѪõȥ
֪Ҷ˶ǵͷͣҶʵ̫ˡ
֪λĺ⣬ǳղҲ˵ˣһûӹ׷ɱȻҲ޷ʵҪľ취ѴȻȥ顣
ҶĻ˰ΪҶ˵ʵʩչƣȻΪͣͲǰǵȷкܴӰ졣
ˣͰ˵İɣҺͺĻᣬ鷳ˡ
ʯĲã˵İ֮Լеĺ֮£Ҷ˳ᴦĺܺá
Ҳˣ˵࣬Ϸӣ´ǰ˵֪жæ
λӢĹֵĺվ̫ͷħĺѣѾǵڶҶˣҲҶˣ˼һԼԼȴһллû˵Ҫ֪ԷɲѪˣæȫǳ̫ͷħӡ
뵽Ҷæվź֣µһҾ׵ǰл֮顣
¹һЦұ֮ͬˣ˵磬ʲôллġ
磿
ҶȻ̧ͷɵĿ£仰˼
ЦеĵϹ˵ǴģҲǴģ˵ǲ磡
˵̾˿ֵطܹһλˣʵǼΪѵõһˣ֮ҶĳɳҸӿԿ϶ˣˣ
ȵȣ
Ҷæںס˺£֮ɫǺ˳ϣ˿̶ˣеĿⶼǽĶںµϡ
һԼıӵôʲôȻ֪ҳĺ˧ǣûж֮񱣬ϲǧĵŮӣǲȤ
Ҷµĵ٩ٴһǰǲǾβѩһ壿
΢΢һ֮˷ħ̫һ۵ǻ죬ҵı඼ˡ
ħһɵҿû˵
̫Ҳҡͷ
Ҫ֪Ϊ˺־磬ʵߣʶǿĻ֪Ҳ޷͸ı࣬ȻҶҲ
ڣµ仰Ȼûش𣬵ȻѾݡ
Ҷ̲סٴһٴδΰݵǰԭλʣʱҲӦİɣ
һΣϵЦݶʱסˣֱֱĶҶ֮ŶȻڵ㾹Ȼʱ֪ǵȷģòȥɣ
Ҷͺǵ˶һۺȴǶ¶ЦݣЩ飬Ҳעڤڤ֮Ҳһ˫ڲٿ켣
ѩ磬ɾ°ľβѩھںļ֮󣬳Ϊһεĺʣƿ˺ʱ
Ҫǣѩ磬ǺҶ֮ĹϵҲͬͬһ㡣
˭Ҳ뵽ڻ죬ҶǾȻλ˴мĺʡ£
Ҷйѩ飬ϸ˵˳֮λЦĺʵУȻѵõ¶һ˿ʹȰ
ĳ̶ֳ˵ѩھͽܣĺ
ܿ¾ͻָЦ֮ɫĦԼ°͵Ҷһ˶˻죬ô˵ҲӦÿ˰ɣ
Ҷ޷ش뿪˽ʱ򣬸֪ںǽӹʵӦúһͻƵģɷ磬֮к꣬ʵʵҲƺں壬һֽѹ꣬ʱ䣬Ҳ˰ɣ
ҶȻ֪飬һμѩ裬ѩҶͺǰæ˱е硣
ʱҶۿ꣬ǸĳһִȻڻͷֱһʱ˵޷Ĵڡ
ںɷתҶҲûϸʣΪѾǸȥˣû뵽Ȼʼڡ
֮󣬺Ȼ۾ĸ˿Уܸû˿ķ磬ȴ޷Զ죬ͷɫ趯ۿɼٶȱ˰ɫ
ͬʱٷ֮ϴӿ٣


1527 նҶ
ź״̬ı仯ҶʱסΪ̫ϤˣǴ𷣵װ
ѵ˵ǳźģ
ʱ̫ÿ㣬Զ㣬ڶý֮鿴֮ɡ
˶ʱȻ򣬲ҲǺȻЩǿǾŶͨڻڣȻܹа취鿴ԼȻǽ֮ʩչҲҪһĴ۵ġ
ȻоײϺƺ½ԼƵļзִ磬ʼδþ¡
Ű֧󣬺ٿȻۣ˫ͫȻѩ֮ɫ˲ָҲǷƽ˾
˿̺µеȴƲסϲãɨ̫ͷħһۣЦ࣬ϷӣҵĴҲҪˣ£°˵ˣҵȥǣܵ˵۸ǣ
ЦУµӰѾȻͬʱҶԺ֮ȴͻȻҶѹܾϤϢرϵʥ۾ӦܵĻպϣܹ͸ҵĺˣȻΪرҲ֮ҲѪǲ
ϵʥ۾ȷҶںʱ֮еõģһһֻޣȻǺλʽӡġ
ҲͲҶϤϢΪΪҶԼͬһ磬Ȼˣ۾ɢϢ
ȻжϣҷǵûֱأķʽϣҶܹ۾ѩ磬ԼѪΪۣͲѿҲһλ֮ˡ
Ȼ¶˵ˣҶȻ֪ô
źµ뿪һʱһ䣬˵ѩҲ죬Ҷ˵һϢ
Ϊ˱ܵǵ˵ĴԽǣҲܿʮںԼеˡ
ȻҶҲһЩҪѯʺ£Ϊʲô磬ȴ˾õ۾ޣֻеȵ֮ѯˡ
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ΪҶվģҲΪҶ˾ʱԼ˲߶ûڣͬʱҲΪûۼź
ô˵ܹٴط꣬һжҪˡ
Ҷ׷ɱ׼ô죿
ʮֵ⡣
ԴҶд뿪һʱ䣬ȥĴߣϾչشܽ׷ɱ顣
Ҹһ𣡡
ҶֱӾܾǣ֪㵣ңģ뿪Ϊ˺ҪѰһ֮㲻øңúˣһ֮һȥȳȻ󣬳˶ϻгԹ
ǳƬ̺󣬵˵ͷΪǻԵԣһ·˺ܶǣңҲ׸ټ֡
ȻҶ뼴̾ߣҲ̶˳ǬѰźʯ֮صĹ̵УȻķ֣ڲٷ׾ȻһƬĵºˮ峺ƣɲ⣬ֱѵʺ˾סĵط
Ҷ켸ĸ֣ӲĽٷɽͨٳһӵºͷ嶥ͨ˸ʱ֮ء
϶統ԨҪãΪʯںףҲûκεıԹټδӷӡ֮ѹȻͱŷԼļң¶ǷޱȣһŬָΪȡնԼļ԰
ǸȻûȫķ嶼ȷ֮Ӧλӡ
⣬Ԩ֮зѾ˳ȥȷǺ䶯죬ܶˡ
ʮλǿ䣡
µϹԨʱҲûôǿߣڣһӡȻĺ
ҶҲٴγΪ˿֣ÿ˶²⣬εĲҰ϶йأǾʲôȴ޴жϡ
Щ֪ǣʱѡ˼Ĭ
ڣԨ֮ȥЩǿǵĸʼһһվų磬ҪɱҶ
乬Ϲ۹ҳȻ壬壬壬壬幫ңңĴƷҡ
򣬱򣬻ĴеĴѵõϵһ𣬹ͬնҶ


1528 ֮·
ôĴȻ׷ɱһͲʮˣںܶ˶¡
һЩϱȴ֪飬ڻʷѾܶˣÿʱ䣬ҪһΡ
ÿһθԸ˶ͬԸˣǸǿߣÿһλһƬԼʢǵĴҲ
˵ħԯ콾˵ʥս죬˵࣡
ʷٴݣֻεǻһҶˣͬҲѪһʷᣬҲʽһλɵġ
һЩ˻ǵĳѯʣǰƵ׷ɱĽ˭ʤ˭ǵĳúŸǣ׷ɱƺһֹֻأûӮңҲûҡ
ϾһԺյ֣ն뿪˻죬ǰ˸ߵ죬ЩҲȻڻڡ
֮Ȼܶ˶֪׷ɱֻأȻһЩԭ򣬵Ѿˡ
ôһεֻأǷܹս᣿
⣬Ŀǰκ˶޷𰸣ֻеȵʱţֻеȵ³ֻеȵֻĻһвŻ
Ҷͷ棬뿪ѪǴСݺ֮飡
ٳǰһϣ԰׵˳ҵҪ󣬵˳ӣ֪ΪԼ£˳ȻʩչһЩĳֲԣӶóһЩԼ޷ȷȴһ˿ϣĽ
ͳ˳ģҶҲ޷ſھֻܾܵͷӦСݣʼԼ֮á
·ϣҶȻҲЩţֻǵһЦȲˣҲ֣ûκεĻӦ
ԨļƻȻûжԸʲôԵĴǵԪҶҪᣬϽȽԼ飬Ѵ׷ɱȻٺǳ׵˶ϣ
ΪҪҶûʲôĿĵأǴСݣڻߣһһĳ򣬴ԽһһƫƧ֮أ̬۲Ŵǧ硣
еʱСɽ֮ۿ䣬еʱ֮Ų죬ʱҲͷնƾ档
ܹҶһС˵Ǽʮ˷ܵ飬ҲǳɣÿҶ˼ʱ͹ԹԵһߣ֣ǺѾȡΪС֮С˵ʲô
ÿҶӳ˼лعСݵӣǻӿһůǸΣȻŵԼļͷһطȥ
֪֮УҶѾµʱ䣬ò˵ʱȷܶµĸ򣬵ȴȻûҵܹĽ׷ɱİ취
һ죬ҶСݣ˲֮гȻһƬɳĴĮݲɳء
ɳĮڴ˵ǾأΪȱȱȻСȴ˷ܵƵۣҶ磬Ưȥ𣿡
һ·ҶߣҲûĿĵأһ˲֮ͻﶺһ
СݵĻҶ΢΢һЦӼϱ˵ϣȥɣʲôʱ湻ˣ͸˵
õģ
СݻһͳɳĮ֮УΪ̫ܵ죬һ˵ڵأֱûɳ֮С
ҶûгȥΪЩɳȻе̣ǲûʲô˺СҲܿԼ˳Ҷͷɴڵɳӡ
ǲСϵС飬ʱҲ˳Сݵļͷ²עһһ
ȻСݴͳһָͷСʯͷɲͨʯͷѪ֮еľĸʯ
Ϊĸʯ̺޾СݵеҶȡһ飬͸Сݣܹʱ޿̵Сݵ壬ɳ
˿СȡĸʯС鱳ȥȻСĽʯͷɳУֽɳϸƽ֮Сҳʯͷġ
СҶϷСΪ֮飬صľ飬ԶκζĸоֵǣֻҪСݲĶûҵ
ȻСûҵСֺǺǵڳĸʯ㿴Ұҵʯͷɳ棬Ҳ˰ɣ
򵥵һ仰ȴͻȻ֮ҶȻͬһ绮еĻ磬һͳ嵽СݵǰʵСݣղ˵ʲô
ҶûжС׹ʹ˵ڵӣСе㺦£̲סӣСĵС˵Ұҵʯͷɳ棬СҲˡ
ҵʯͷɳ棬ҵʯͷɳ桭
Ҷȥ߶仰Ƭ֮ͻȻЦһѽСݱǰݺݵŷཱུСһµСݣлл㣡


1529 ץȡ·
Ҷôõ⣬Сݲһٶһ仰ϣȻҶඥȻʣ뵽˽İ취
СеǿʯͷͺñҶĵƬɳڵĴҪô޷Ҷĵôõİ취ǽʯͷɳ֮У
ǸѵḶ́ĵδоĸ֮ǰΪ˱дķк׷ɱֻҪ֮У˵ƭķʽдΪҶĵʵϻѭĵȻͲٶҶչ׷ɱˡ
˵ļ򵥵㣬ҶҪΪԼĵһд£
պ󣬵ȵԼ֮޾дʱƿ£ԼĵƬ֮¡
Ҷ뷨ʵ֮Ҳ˲Ʋƶһֵϡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ˷쳣СݲֵСݣҪչһʱ䣬˯һʱܻе㳤ҿܻӦ飬ԸҸȫĵطΪ㲼һ󷨣еŸ磬òã
Сݲ֪ΪʲôȻȻʱûãȴ޷ȻҲᶮ飬ҶŻ˱
СȻͲ󣬵˼ϸ壬Ҷʱ䣬Ҷһһ죬֪Ҷ϶ʲô£ҶĻʮֹɵĵͷ磬˯ɣСݺܹԣСҲᳳģСҲȥڸԱ߿Ÿ˯
Ҷ۵СݵԴСԣҲ֪˯õʱ䣬ʱСݻӶģߣȥҸط
Сͻزٷǿ϶ˣȻʱҶͻȻҶҪѴСȥҸطɣ
Ҷһƺ𣿡
ڲٿӡ֮ʱܵˣµʱȥȻƲûȬҲ߰˰ˣټҶҲȷʵҪϽץסһŵУԱ˷ҶĽ飬ٻ˳
ѵɫ԰ףȻҲ֪ôˣ˵ͽСݱҶͷԼСģ
˵֮תߣҶæ׷ϣһʯ뿪
տСݣҶҲʮַģ۾΢΢ӦƬ֮һããɳĮ֮ʶߡ
ֻȴͬҶһƮʱڶʱһ죬һִӵ
в֪˿һĻΪԼǼˣиڳĻͻᾪޱȣΪҶֿĲȴϴ
ģҶܣȻɢһ㵭Ľ⣬ȻһһĴ·ɵġ
Ҷһߣʱ䣡
ʱǸ֪ƣһ㣬ͣߣʱ䣬˿ռ䣬һС
˵ڰʱ򣬺Ȼ֮䣬ҶξʹӼٵ֮͵ͣͬһľͷ׮һһɼ쵽ֹмһ˿ͣٶûС
ǣȴǹһ磬ɳĴ֮£ӿȥ
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ţ֮ϣҲǲеĴ·γɵĹâ֮£һʵĹâ
ҶԼʵĸˣ
䣡
һ̣֮ʱ˾׹֮ȻоҶĵ
ȻڴʱҶ˫ֺȻˣ̧ƽƽǰʵƣȫӿ֮ϣ۳һԲεĵлת
Ҷץȥָ֮䣬֮УһдĽɫ·Ȼֽһ׵ıץУȻΪԼǸ
ɫ·ʵϵһɲǣеȻ̾СˣҶȻδ㣬ظ
ִӿץɫ·еĵϣһһĲϵĸţֱɢʹâڱȫڸǡ
ԽԽСȫʧ
ҶԾûͣ˼ȻϵץȡŽɫ·Ȼڵϡ
̳˰죬ټߵ죬ʱȥ£
ʱ򣬵Ѿɢ˵⣬뿴ȥͻ֣ᷢɫĴ·ҶʵƣѾˮ齻ڣںϵһ
Ҷץȡ·ĶҲͣ˫۽գƽȻȥ
䣡
һ춯صľ촫ʧ٣Ҷ£֮УȴһɫĹâڲߡ


1530 ռķ
Ҷٴ̯ƣһɫĹâ̴ڳۼָ֮ϣĿһд·ȴһЩֻǾ岻ͬģûһܹ˵ĳ
ȻҶЩɫĴ·Ǻһ㣬Χ裬ֻҪҶ΢е㶯̾ͻ£ͬԼһ㡣
ʱ˿̣Ҷޱȵĳ죬Ϊ֪Լɹˣ
ڣΧЩ·ȻԼĵƣǣȴΪеĴپԼӿı״Ȼľ˴ûٳκδŭ
СݵǾ仰֮Ҷ뷨ܼ򵥣ΪԼĵд£ϵĸᣬ뷨ȴҲĸı䣬Ϊ̵У֣ʵڵĴҲǺԼĵȫ㣡
Ǳɣȡ侫뷨ҶȻĿʼдսԼĵںһ
ҶʵƣʵҲѪ֮ƣƣƣƵȵȲͬ·ģ˲ͬ·ʵ϶ѭеĴǵڲҲдӰӡ
ˣֵںϣҲˮɵһȻḶ́żһЩų⣬ҲҶǿŤת
֮Լ򵽵Ĵ·Լط裬ȴûκεķӦҶ㡣
ȻҶһԼڵʱȴһ¶ϲ֮ɫ嶸ȻڿնֱӳʣնƬ̹ܵĿ֮Уֿʼһɫ·ǰ̵ĳҶ
Ҷͬɮ붨һ㣬ŲЩ·ٴεĽԼΧֵǣЩ·ȴ޷ҶڣǱʲôεסһ㡣
ͻȻҶ˫۱ʩչ˼£̫̫ʧ̫ʧÿһֻضͬȥһ죬̶Ƭ֮䣬Ҷ˫֮Ѿʮص¡
ģ˫֮ľˣȻǰ޵ĿҶУЩ֮ȴǳһͬһĶ
ҶոյõѪû۳֮ǰԼʶӦʱͿ֮жһ״ĶҸԣɫҲͬ
˵ˮУͻῴһɫͻῴһɫЩһɹɵ
ҶЩȴǲǡɿռ
仰˵ǿռ䷨֣
ķԻԻ棡
ƣغģֵķ򣬶ЩҲǴ֣˵ǴƵĹأκ飬κζҪѭЩ
Уķ򣬾ʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨棬ľǿռ䣬ľʱ䣡
ȻЩڴ˵ǿŵģǵʿһľ֮󣬾𽥵ĿԴЩ򣬶ܲٿЩҲǷ֮
ʱͿռķ˵ǿռ䷨ױ֪Ͳٿأʱ䷨Ĳٿأֻڴ˵гֹ
ڻ˵ǻ֪ͷ֮Ǳ˵ܹٿط֮ˣܹ֮Ҳ֮٣Ǿǿ֮Ҳûмˡ
ȻڵҶȴԼۣӲĿ˹ɿռķ
ǸղϲԭΪԼڣЩתĹУԼԼڵĿռ䷨Ҫһ¡
һ˸âôеĳǰ̲סȥ
ϧ鿴Ҫм仹ǲźܴľ룬ΪһܹǾԲٿط֮ҲͲԶˡ
ȻҶʮֵļȴҲеɻΪܹռķǾ˵ԼľӦֵõԼҲûպǴӺζأ
ҶЩſռâ˼ԼľӶóһƲܣȴΨһĽ͡ںеĴƺҲʵ;磡
ĻǺαػҪȥʯʯ޴ڵĴ״͸
˵ԼǵһˣҪǴ֪ˣ
ô˵ҶбҪ֤һԼ뷨ٴͷųԼĵƣͱʹԼܵĴ·һ
Ȼʱ¡¡һ׹ͻȻҶͷϿպԤ׵ը죡


1531 
ҶĵһӦԼûгɹȻԼĵǺݵģٴҪɱԼ
ȻзӦʱ䣬ͻȻһѾӿֱֱ£ֱϣȻѾٶȽȫΪ֮ϣʵ̫һӲǽӿˤȥ
䣡
Ӽǧ׵ĸ߿׹£ĻɳټҶҲǿޱȣȻĻֱðֻǽɳĮҳһֱӳʮ׵Ĵӣ˿ӵġ
ʱҶʱ̧ͷۿֻ֮ϾȻ֪ʱѾһƬ޴Ʋʡ
ȻƬƲе𾪣ﵹǳĳһΪǽƣ
Ƴ֣ףҲζ٣ڴ׷ɱ
Ǵ׷ɱĻӦγɴҶ̹ģ¼ħۺԼ˵ȫҲ޷ܣֻҶһ˵׷ɱҶֻ·һ
ڣⲢǴ׷ɱ٣
Ҷͬе벻˵ٶֻʱҲдﵽĳٽʱŻ֣׵ķʽɽϴԼôҲʵԴﵽһľ磬ôأ
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֮£ҶֻҧأѸٵĽɽ壬ڿУͬʱָϽ̷ŻָĵҩӲĿ˵ڶס
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ٸҶϢʱ䣬ţ٣ͬϴҶɽʱһӵֿʼľͲһ磬һƬĵ纣
һһһƬһƬɲ֮䣬ɳĮԲ֣ҲǸҶù
ҲҿɳĮɳȻǼԣȻǱըһӣһɷ紵˲ָܻԭ
䣡
ʮŵ춯صĺҶѪӿʮŸͨѨλ֮ٴγʮѪɫιӭɫϣЩιں綷һ
ͬʱҶüѿɫҲٴ˳ü֮Ҷһ𣬽׵ϴ
ͨϴε٣ҶѾ֪Ȼнµ׺缫ͬҲһõĴ֮ڳٵĹУֻҪƵõȫԽͺɽҲ׵ϴ񣬴Ӷ׳
ȻΪҪСģɽˣҪֱӱУп˲ɢ
ҶĵֻܴҪܹøǿԸðա
Ҷ֪Լεٻж֣ǲǺϴһֻԪһҩȪӿɫΧɽҲͷųԪΧĵ߰ڽɫ꣬ͬѪɫ壬ꡣ
Ҷ˾٣ȻǺϴһľ١
ϴҶεԺ࣬ΪԼøӵǿȻˣȫԳܺͽܵķΧ֮ڣҩȪɫҲں̵ܶʱڽ
Ȼ˵һ㣬ǾҶʵĵõҲӵǿȻҲ֤Ҷǰ뷨ڴĸľʵá
Ҳ˶ãֻԼڴĻдЧ
ٺܿĻҶһɫȻӿϵʣһɫڣѾ
Ҷ̧ͷգٺкһ٣Ѷȴ㣬ܻϣɹȥģֻǲ֪֮󣬴᲻֣
ȻҶĻ£еĽƾȻʼɢҶǵúϴξٽ֮󣬽ƲΪɢнپˣôƶɢˣѵ˵ûнˣ
ܿ죬ȫʧջָƽƵɳĮҲָԭԾǻɳأոս¹ֲֿ١
ҶԾ̧ͷգ˿инٻǴڳ䲻֡
ȴٵʱԺȴ˷ҶǴһԥѳˣ


1532 
ѳˣ
Ҷ뵽ľСݣ
СݼȻǸѵģѳˣôСݵĴȻҲԶˡ
ҶʱͼˣҲ˲ϻ᲻ٽ٣ڴĽеʲô˼ʲôʱ£ôң
Ҷеܻ̬ȣҶȫܹ⣬Ҳ֮ǰҾ͸Ӧѱ˹˵ĺأǸʱڹؼʱ̣Ҳܴ㣡
Ҷ㶣ع֪ǷҶΪԼǣԲûǸʱԼϾԼ֪ѺСݳ£ԲٰĵȥͻǰȻҲĽ
һҶٹַҶǳʵģ
ھ˵شǧһˮ̶С
ָ·
£ҶѾ˺ɽ꣬ڿն𣬰շҶָķ򣬿ٵĸ˹ȥ
˵زأСôˣ
ˣСݣӦǱ°ˣ
ȻҶԼԵƽȻһ˿ȻҲҶĶʱΪ֮һ
Сݱ°ˣ
Ҷ飬֪Сݻᱻ°ߣ˵ʲôҲҪԼߣ˵ѵʵԼ֮£˴ˣԼĻ¶Ѿˡ
Ҷûټ׷ʣΪ֪Ҷ֮ȻһָӦǾֻܻ֪еȵ˵
еĹ̵УҶ̧ͷһգԾƣӣԼεѾɹɹ
ԭҶҲ뵽ˣΪԼߵ֮·ʹΪԼÿһ󾳽ʱ򣬶٣ʱŻӭ١
ֻ󾳽ʱ٣ʱôңֻоضѡ
ʵ˵ʱӭ٣Ҳٻо֮ġ
գ۵ĹҶѾɹǧľ룬һĵɽ֮䣬ڷҶָ£ҵǸˮ̶
ʶҶ۾ܿˮ̶ѾȻѾ˱࣬˵˫۽գԲѡ
Ϊ壬һ£Ϊ˷ж̬֣һΪ룬ҲϾζƴʱ
ڵ״̬Ҷ֪Ϊ˱СݣǾˣǱű֮ȴ͵ƴ
ʵƴķӦѾˣΪ֮ѪӡҿһҲҪˣֱȥɣһеľӦö֮С
ҶĻҶɣΪ̵ڵҪأɼڷҶİ£ɱס̵
Ҷ̶ףԴıϣƤʮ֧֧ӣҶже㷢ȡ
ѪеÿһˣҶǵѣֵԼֵܱ˳Լܲŭ
ҿȰһ𣿡
ԣ
˷Ҷͬ⣬Ҷٻ˳Ҳǲ۲۵ˣټΪˣ˵ı±ȥȻӸ
һѵʱһϾɴûмӦûм壬֪ľ֮Ȧ̺ˣҲ໰ķһ˿֮ϣ۾ڶʱӿ˵ɫĹ㣬ӿ˹ȥ
̣ʱǧԼ£
Ҷ̵֪Ϊ˾ѣֽԼϣԶһ䡣
۾Ȼû˵¶ĸжȴԶ׼˵ͷٴκۡ
ҶҲٵֱʶɨѵ꣬оĸҶԺ
ȻѲ壬ǶСĺӣΪ壬ҲǷǳ۰ģοСݾҶãȻǾľչš
뿪Ҷ֮ʹСҵ˾Ҷչ֮һСӣ˼ջס
ʼʱһֱƽÿʹСݴͷ䵽ͷͷ䵽ͷȴҶĳء
Ȼû뵽ǣ֮ǰѴСΨһһҾ¥гԷʱ򣬱ͻȻ
ԵĺúõģСݺȻѵ磬ˣһֱڸǣʮˣǾ͸Ҷһ᲻ͣĸıԼ
ʱСݵ仰ѵɫʱͱˣ
Ӵŵ඼ͨ˼µˣҶͼڿһ֮ͻ
ΪˣҶȴϳ˵ݡɱ֣


1533 
ֻɱֲܹķϱ任ԼòԼص֮Ҷĸֶ޷
ˣֳھǲԶĵطԵѺԥıСݣֱӳײ˾¥ݶȥʱҲ˿ѷɫٶȣ
ľҶѾٿˣΪ˵ʵκһѣ֪˶һֳ࣬ƵľģҲǵĶ֡
֪ΪʲôȴûɱѣֻǴСݡ
֮ѾͨӦ֪ѪԼµϢϻɳĮûˣײײҵˮ̶Ȼ̶У˻ԡ
һеľҶû˿ķŭ侲Сݵı°ߣҪֻܹԼԼȻ
Ҷһֱ֪Լɱ֮ϣҲ֪ɱԼǲݵģΪ˾ʶߣԼʦִ󲿷ʱ䶼ߣûвɱֵĴڣڲ֪֮з˾衣
ε֮УǶûпǹ飬Ϊһʶûзκ˸ԼԼ֪ԼǰʲôطȫûĿĵߡ
Ȼʵ϶ɱ֣ӦһֱβֻӵСģӵأûз֣ӶСݵʧ١
Ȼ벻ͨһ⣬ǼȻɱһֱ֪Լ٣ΪʲôԼİµɱԼ
ڶ⣬ΪʲôҪ°Сݣǲרɱ˵
⣬Ϊʲôɱѣ֪£
⣬Ҷص˲ٷ壬ٴټеˣĽСݵʧپϸ˵˳Լ⡣
Сݵı°ߣ˶ǴΪ𾪣ΪСʼڲٷϣʮֵĹɣ𣬿˵ÿ˵ϲ
ȿڵܻشĵڶ͵⣬ֻɱ˵ֻ֯Ҫļ۸ʣʲô鶼ģҲ²⣬ӦֽС°ߡ
ûɱѣĴΪû˳Ǯɱѣٻûлر飬˵飬ܻܿΪǴ鷳
ҶȻԭֻǰɱҲǣΪܹɱ˵ֻ֯Ҫ㹻ûʲôǲ顣
ֻһǣһ⣬˭Ҫ°Сݣ
Ĵ𰸣Ҷ£ôֻп۹ˣΪ۹֪Сݵ쳣ϧɲͬĵȥСһΡ
˳ȴҶĲ²⣺ҾǡǡӦò۹ˣг˸пܡ
ԭҲܼ򵥣۹Ͼϻͳߣǵ͸߰ԼǵʵӦòỨǮȥ˳֣ʵһ־޴ĳ衣
Ҷ˳˵е۹ľǵݺ͵λ֪۹ȻҪίȥǵûеطڡ
˳ŵСݵİΣ㲻õģò˶ãǾͻ֪Сݵ䣬С°ߵˣ¾Ϊ㣬ȥ
Сݵϻ֮飡
ҶĵģȻ˲֪Сݵ쳣֮ĺôȴ˽֪
֮ȻһûԵ˶ҲͰˣ֮ͬѾҲСΨһĺѣ˶ߵĻ
˳˵ͷյ֣ڸֵʱ˰ɣ
վԼԴЦĵ˵˵ȥ죬һ֮ڿ϶Ϣ
˵֮վת뿪ֿ֮⣬ڴϢ棬ҲԼĸ
ȵ֮˵ĿٴμҶϣҶҲ֪Ҫʵ⣬Ҳ˵ֱ֮۳ȫµĵơ
֮ûо˶ʱϲɹˣ

Ҷͷ˵ƣΪСݵʧٺѵˣѾû˳ɹϲã˳˵Ҿãڣʱóˡ
Ҷûǿҵĺޣڣȴһʱһ̶ˣʼڰĿֲ֯ͬһǱĶһʱܳԼһڣԱҪȥ
Ȼ˳ȴ¶ɫҪ𣬵иҪҪȥ
ʲô飿
㻹ǵãѪ֮ʱõʱ˵ʲô𣿡


1534 ǰ
էһ˳⣬Ҷһ㶣Ǻܿˣʱ˳˵õܿͻ
ǵģõϾҪˣ˳˵ͷԣҪ£ǸϽȥ˼ңͬʱҲҪܷ񽫰ȳ
һ͡ʣҶжʱһƬһվ˳ʦҴҪˣ
ǣʦʵʵͿԽˣֻһֱǿԼʵӦ޷ѹˣò˶ã֮ھͻӭ٣졣
ҶȻ˳ǣֵܣǺŽֵ֮ȴֻһʦһţʦǱ˲ڵ£Ӳǽ˽ȥ
˵ʦҶĴ磬ʵϣҶУʦȴͬһλĳһԼԼߣȺ
ʦҪ죬ΪѾǷߣԿ϶Ϊ˷ֹڰϵٴݣ˳ŽҶи
ǣСô죿
ңСݾԲΣգˣܱͣܿ˶ҪƾãôƽĻڣϣ϶ʲô֪ı֮
Сݾûֻ֪֪òʼնᱣڵӣļҲֻܼס䷢顣
ȷһǿɾͲ˵ˣôʱ䵱УСһ޷˵޸֮СŮȴһֱڣбȻʲôԭ
֮ҶͷãиСݵ䣬Ҳܵ飬֮⣬ڿԶõһҳһκεϢҪ֪ͨҡ
û⣬ֻǰ취һǴǿϽˣôǾ͸Ǵսһһֻ˰ǰŻ
˳˵Լ뷨ͬʱҲľȨҶȷǸѡ⡣
̫վǸյ磬Իοר֮ʵĪ⣬ǰĻΣ̫󣬲һȥɣҲҲ뽫ִ󣬿ô˸ȥ̸еĿܡ
ȷôǱչأҲκҶ֪ʷУѪһŶûк淢ʲôͻɴ˿ɼڷκκ˶żɵġ
ܣҶҲͷͻϾ׿飬ԼҲûǣʲôԹ
ָὫųҲǲܵ飬ΪΪʥӣЩߣǷ޴ʦ˵ʵ̫ش
˺ܾ֮ҶǾԺ̸Ϊ̸ĻҪԼĳ⣬̫ȾǿߣټϼʥĻǵھǶԷһƣգҶֻ˺ǣ˳Ϲ飬ͬǰ
˵Ҷѡģ廹壬ѪһеǿߣҲһĳɳϾǲ̫Ⱦǿߡ
Ҷ׼뿪ʱ򣬷ħȴǸǰһطȥħͣħҲҶһһ
ȻħǷħ壬Ǻһ彻ǳǽħԼһ뽫ħѪ
һˣ뿪˲ٷ壬ȥΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳ҲԸı
û뵽һ·֮ĴţȴЦԷǣǾҶʱټѪҲǼΪƽûһ㶯Ҳ֪˭һ󵨵ҶĲ²⣡
Ȼ²һһ㣬죬ԽԽÿ˵ĶбۣоݣۼҶǰһ𽥵ĴҲҶʵ
иݵһ˵ǣʵҶǰʱʮλǿӲԨʱ򣬾Ѿͬھˡ
ҶȻ촴վӲ׷ɱΪҲͣͲǰΪһݣΪ鲻Ϊȫľģһǿ߸ᣬתѡ˸ľǿǺͬ·
ɽ𶯣иǰȥ鿴ָɽԭѾʧܹһģֻдһжĨƽˡ
ЩţҶȻϣ⵱Цٶȸϵ˷ħŵǸС򣬼ħû뵽ǣħȻΪǴСݵϢ


1535 
ΪҵСݣҶѪһпԶõԷħͽҲ֪ͨħǷħȥһ£ɵǣħǰʱ䣬ľͿ˴һСŮɫҴҵĸ·
ţ
˵ʵǷħɵ֣ҶѾøɸɾˡ
պͷȻйᣬҶһ壬ƭڳɽסҶǰԮ
֮£Ҷ֪壬ҲҪȥ·ȴ˳·ٶµרź˵󷨣һ֮ȫݻ٣һ󷨵ʱɱ˳ФһٵФһүү⻯
£ҶûзϣӴ֮󣬳Ҳûǰֹ°ΣҲ𽥵ˣϾĳʵ̫ࡣ
ڣҶȻˣȻФһүү͸ףΪ˱ԼɱФһĳԸ˼Ĵ֣°Сݡ
һ£Ҷżˣ
ץСݣҲδΪͶҶСɱ֣ǳſɾͲͬˣǲκεĹ˼ɣ
¶ԼɱФһ϶Ǻ޵˼£ҲûֱӶԼ֣ϾФһүүҲֻĸ֣ûǿߵľ磬ֻܾԼ׽˳֣ӶԼ޴ʹ࣡
ǣԼЩ׽Уһߣλ˵ˣ˳Ϲ鶼һе̳ԭȳ˵ʵģǺԼԶԶ㲻׽ֻѡСݣСŮ
˳ɫеˣȻ֮ǰ˵Сݿ϶ԼıǲʲôҲҪǶʲôˣѾȥɣץסСݣԻ᲻ϧһдɱġ
Ȼ˵ļƻҲҪ΢ıһ£ǾҵСݣȻȥˡ
Ҷ׼ֱǰɽģ˳ȴħħʲôطСݵģ
ھ˵ش֮һɽ
ħָĵطͳɽλøͬķȻǳŵһ֧ڡ
ߣ
Ҷٵ飬Ҳûκ飬һ˵תĿĵظȥ
һƬĵɽɽֲïʢ£һѵɽȪʣɽˮ㣬㣬һʺӵĵط
Ҷվߴ趯ʶֱӴۣ̾һλ֮˻ҵȻ󷨡
˳ҶڣֻҪ̫ǿ󷨶赲סǣ˺֮£׵ĽƿȻһƬĽȺ
ȺڳŽٹ٣Ӧþˡ
ħƢΪ꣬ȻأȻɴһȥɱŵһ䲻⣬ȴ˳ֹǣӦҵСݣȻһʱǽСݵʵĻ鷳
һ˷ֳϢǶ뵽ƬȺ֮С
Ȼ٣ȴûжٸ֣һЩ˵ʵҲֻڶ۷ңϵĸ֣λڽȻû뵽ܹ׵ķ⴦ܵشһϢǱ
ΪСݵһСľĸʯҶһ̤ƬȺʱ̾͸Ӧˣһϲæ֪ͨˣǸԼѭϢķ˹ȥ
һһ֮ҶڿСݣһСԺſڣһ˾ĵڵϣ˫ֻǰһţһ˫ԭͬˮ۾֮кģȻǸոտ޹עŵ棬ļͷҶûп֮Ĵڡ
Сû£ҶﳤĳһȻСԭոµ·Ѿմ˳òûˣ
ȻһԶԶԷˣ
ţһʮ˽ﻹһ룬װһЩ״Ķ
žһ˽ֱӶ˾Сݴ׶ԶĵطϹıģӻź㣬Ͻԣ
ǺģСԱһæվһվ𣬾Ȼˡһֹ̣ҶûбϹ飬˿Ҳ¶һɾɱ
СݵϣȻһ۴ϸһεĴĵ£Сǰȥֱ̱ˣСݸո߳ԶѾ˼ޣСݾϵȴһ֮ңƾŬҲϵ롣
С̧ͷĿ˵磬ңҹ
ааһЦ㻹ǲ԰ôģԣһſܹˣ


1536 򵥵һ
ŵץסСݣȻûɱǾȻͬһ˩һԹĳȣסɣܹķΧֻܱ֮ڡ
ǵˣЩŵĵӾȻҲĽСݵһϷŪſʳķ
ң˵СѾôԵķ
СȻȦģǾȻûᣬֻСţҶ϶ҵģҲ£ʲô£
һ˵ţСһľҪſȥȻʱһ˿¶ȵͻȻ𣺡һſڵϣ˵𣿡
žžžž
Ĺͷ𣬸ղŻվһЦˣѾſ˵ϣΪͷķ飬֫û˿ֻſſĽڵ棬ӣһ󹷡
ڹͷʵ̫ͻȻڵȵԼȫſ˵֮˲Ÿо޿ѹֵľʹ˲ϮȫſͣһĲҽС
СݣˣԲҶˣίˣ
ղŷ߶ֵȻҶˣ˵ĲҽУߵСݵǰһ־նϵȻı˻
Ҷ硭
Сͬ˫ֽҶĲӣԭһֱƴסһڵһ߿ޣһ߳ŵҶ磬ң£ǴңңҶû£ҾҲүүҶˣ
ֻļ䣬ԶֻС˵ļ֮УԭֻжֶһҶţֶԽԽˣЩ˶ƴģһһסˡ
Ҳ֪Լļʧ¿ʼµ£ҲЩˣЩ׽ˣΪͻĳ׵ǣԼУԼļС
СݵĻҶĶʹСݵĺ󱳣СݹԣˣҶ粻ã㣬ԺҶҲ鷢ˣԶһġ
˵ͬʱҶʶ˺ǣֻм򵥵һ֡ɱ
ʵҶ֪ͨǣÿڿСݸղŵʱжӿɱ⡣
СݲһСŮɰɶ£侹ȻķʽԴµѾ֮ܳΪˣ޶硣
ԣͬһſڵϵ˷ҽУƬȺ˶˵ʱ򣬺Ѿȫ˳ȥ˵ֱӾɱ
ŵʵȻҲֻһ֮ڣ˾Ͳ࣬ȸĸһЩߣܹ赲סɱĺǡ
ӵʱ䣬ĵӣѾȫѪ֮С
СˣϵȻҲˣһϵȻ˵ͷ𣺡ʲô˴󵨣ȻҴҳɱ
׷ԲԵ߳˿Уÿٶϵĸ֣ǿǰĲʱĻѾӲ˻ȥ
Ҳû뵽ŶṦôԼеĵӾȻѾˣ
ҶڱСվʱСѾſļͷ˯ˣȻδɵۡ
⼸ʼѵţ񿴵ҶڷҲ˯ˡ
ҶΪĲȥСϵۣĵ˯ҲãΪ飬Ҳϣ㿴СݣҶҲϣԶͯ棬Ĵ࣬ĵȥ
СƺҶĻ˯¶һЦݡ
СݣҶ˳СĽ˳УƽĶǵڿʼ˭ҲҪ֣µȻ˶
˳ȻܹҶҶƽȼŭ𣬶Щŭֻͨɱ¾ͷų
ĬĬ˵Ҷ󣬶Ҷ̧ͷſеĸߣĵһϹأҲɣ죬ˣһҲߣ
ڻعȻµ˲Ĳ𶯣ǵҶǼĳȴе㲻ˣôᣬǸеǿߣҲԼ˵Ķ֣ȻҲָ֮һ㡣
ǰλ˵ʵǵʲôˣ
ǲϧί֣°׽ˣԼˣôʶ𣿡
˵֮䣬ҶѾָԼʵòϳҶ֮һ㶵㣬㲻Ѿ𣿡


1537 ҵ
ˣҶһЦΪʲôЩûɱСݵԭˣ˵Ļ˭·أ
£ҶѾʧƾճһλߵǰûжκεսֻǼ򵥸ɴһȭȥ
顱һλߵԴͬһը˿ʬӿеȥҽ
ţҶ˷Ӧʱ䣬һȭӳɾһ֮һߵʬ׹䡣
գ֮䣬ߣ֮ûУҶϣʣŵùֽһֻ̲ʵԶɴܶȥҶǿѾǵϣǸûеӺҶٴˡ
ȻʱһȴͻȻ𣺡Ҷ
ţʮӰڿи֣Ϊ֮뷢ţ̬ͣŭ֮ɫ
ȻҶǺһμ棬֮ǰȴѾһ⻯֪ФһүүФ
һģɢ˾˵۷ĸ֣ԭҶ׾ܲ³طһпռ󷨣ǲôϹ
ФĶҶȻЦҶû̫ˣͱˣԹɣ
ôĸְΧҶû˿ľ⣬ƽֻФⷬüëһµߣɱ㣬ţôܻߣ
ţҶָűصʬԼФߵЩ˵ЩǣӦֶɣ죬Ҿ͵棬һȫɱۿŭҵ³
Ҷ£֮϶ȻһƬޱѪѪ죬ŭţ׵ľͽеȫѪ֮С
ȻҶѾ˵ˣúǶҪ֣Ҫƾһ֮ͻȻֵФˣȴúȫƴ׼һҶУǾͽʱ֡
ȻҶԼѪ罫Ф˶ʱ˶һۣԼƺĲԼˡ
ʱ˿̣ҶѪ֮ϣޱעŶЩ¶֮ɫˡ
ȻԳЩ˵ʵûбֶһ統Уеš
Фȴһš

Ф£һҽоͽĻϣһѾ浹£ĶͷУһѪܵĶڡ
ʬѪ̾ͱѪɣʧ١
ҶФǴŭˣΪɣҶɱһλֶľ磬û뵽Ҷɱˡ
ҶԾޱĵԸңɱ׽ˣҺڣʹ𣿽ҾҲζҪɱ׽ˣɱ㣡
ϣɱ
Ф׶ŤԼһȥɱҶ
ЩʵжҶѾηˣϾǸոͬ飬ҶһжסȴҲΥֻһӵϡ
Ҷ¶һЦݵҵ磬Ҿһеף
µͬʱҶҲ֮ʧˣԭٶȾǼ죬ѪУѾﵽһּޣ˸޷Ӱӣֻҽ˷
Ҷɱ죬ǲûʧȥ侲רʵ֣һһÿɱһˣФĵڼλֶ
ФȻĻѾϧʩչ⻯·Ĵ׷ҶӰǣҶҲ֮ѪҺ˲˽ʮս޴׷
һĶǵɱ֮󣬳ֻʣˣҲǿģĸ֡
ɱ˵ʬ嶼Ѫĭδܽʧ١
ҶͣעФӣֶӦöĲ˰ɣĸ֮Ҳ͸ֵˣ

ҶȻſ֮еŭ֣֮ʱһѪ˾ȻһѪݺݵײһߵϣţѪ֮оȻһ˫֣ץסߵ˫ȡ
߸ձҶһȫŭһƬհףȴֱһ˫ͻץס˫ȣʱŵøεѣһ̣һѪɫѾüġ
ĲʺͿ־壬߱˫Ȼץ˫ȵָӲѪ֮С
ФȫɵˣǿȻҶٳģǲܻ˭Ҳû뵽Ѫ֮оȻһ˫
ҶһеĺɽһѪ䣬ĿФˣ


1538 ȼ
֧ʱ֮Ѫֻ֮ʣҶФˣѾȫѪ֮С
ФѾɵˣ޷ڵʵΪһǰ⻯Ҷ֣ȻʱҶѾ¶âǺȻ൱Ĳ࣬ȻŶõʱ䣬ҶȻѾɳֵز
ФģĶӣӣֶӦöѾ˰ɣҲڳɽϻʣһЩģûЩĳǵӾԻԽԽѣò˶ãžͻԶĴӻʧ
ҶŭѾõ˷йȻҲܷŹФңһ뷨ҪФ֪ϵ
Ȼ֪˲٣ܹҵǵȴûмΪȥкܳһʱ䣬ڶ״̬˻ѾʧȻʵһֱڣֻεļֻ֪ϵǡ
Ϊ˱иֶԸԼҶ뾡ܵ˽йһУȻȴʵʱ
Фعѣò˵ҶĻȷߣز֪Լ˵ʲôҲûˣΨһİ취ƴɱҶĻҲԼҲŻܲڻ졣
֮£ФȻ侲ܹ˫ĶҶ³ŴӴʧҲҪɱ㣡
ФӣҶȻԾޱ飬ȴȻ֮˴׷ɱߣݸղŵսʶԼٿԿĸ֣ǣФϾ⻯ˣΪŵǿߣ㲻Ǿ֣ҲԶˡ
ԼȻһֱڼŭȴܹʱ侲˵ľѾǿ󣬿˵ǽʤĹؼ
ԼɱФôµΪֹҲĴӻʧ˳ǿҲڴˡ
ܵ˵أɽȻҶƣɵͷµԪӳһβɴݵסҶ
ȻΪѪˣҶĸоһ˿ϰϰԼͷԼ½ǡ
Լ磬ûԼĲݣôܻз

ɲ֮䣬ƶȻͱǿ죬Ҷϣÿһ˿һһײںԪ֮ϣﬡ֮
ͬʱФҲˣȻȰĴҶǰʧҶǿʶҲֻǲ׽Ӱӣһţ
ÿٶȣ
ҿԼûСФΪ־磬кܶѹ׵ȻܹԼ֮ʩչϵҸܽƣٶȡ
ʵȻΪФǿͬҲΪҶѪĴϾ磬Ѫ֮²֣ܳҶԼܿٳ硣
ĻԸФˣָҪƾʶɱǧ顣
ФһȻҲû˿ıǿѪʩչ˷ϵʹһһҵҶ˹ȥ
ҶȻԴУʼƶӦ֮ᶼϣٶٴͬѪ֮д
䣡
ФͷͬʱͷųѪȻӲĽѪĿռ䶼Ť
Ҷ΢΢ԾܹƻⷽĿռ䣬˵Ф˴֮·ӳɺӿ˹ȻҶΧ
Фֳһ޴ͻȻշһ
¡
ҶڵطʱȥҿҶҲԼĵƣɢܵƣ˳ȥȻĻͻᱻһݺС
Фɭɭ˷𣺡Ҷ㲻˵Ҫɱôͣѵһҽ𣿽죬Ŀ϶㣬ЩͬǸСŮߣһǵΪǴһ
ҶĻˣԼ統УФţĽѪˣǲԼΣգѪܵǣ
ҶҲ벻ͨФδǿеˣô˿ֲĹ
ڲ˼ʱҶһѪҺڣ۶ںԪ֮⽻֯һŴͬʱ˫鱧һ֡
ҶѾܾûжɽĹʽˣʩչǸӵɣת֮䣬޴ɽ˳ȥ鸡ѪϿգΧһ޴İΧȦˮйͨ
һԭȷϮķͻȻͱȺɽ֮⣬Фʧȥ˷ٶȻҲ
ֲͻȻôԭȼԼ꣡
ۿФһۣҶͷü֮һߵĽɫȼգ


1539 
Ϊ֮ľתƵϣʶԼ⻯ҪΪӶҪҲ͹˳
ȼ꣬ԴΪۣܹʱԼʵͬҶѪҺһȼĺȴԶԶѪҺڣΪȼ̫ãܻܿᵼ»ɢĺ
ٻ˿ͨȼսȻФѾǱҶƵ˾ֻҪܹɱҶԸ⸶һеĴۣԲϧȼԼ꣬Ӷܹ۳ٻ֮ⷽѪ硣
ϧǣȻҶѾФʵܣս۳ɴһƬ÷޷ʩչһФֻܿҶսˡ
ıҶû¹˭
һ̣ҶѾΪԼ˫ǿսʽȻФȻĻѪҺҲٴηڡ
Ҫ˵磬϶ǱФҪͣǴ˿̵ʵȴǺФ޼
˲ʱ䣬ҶһҳȭȻֻսʽĵһʽȭͬʱҳǧ򻯣֮У¥̨׷̮޵İ֮ϯФ
ȭҳҶϢʱޱȣ˾ȵǣ󣬾ȻֳһƴֺׯԺ
ӦǾֹׯԺûׯԺһ̾ȻȫǱҶһ
ǰߴƷεض𣬻Ϊߣһһ㣬ѹȥׯԺ֮£ƽĺˮҲһˮгФĻȥ
ͻȻı仯ҶеȻȻ֪ԼĻ긮ǻ긮Ȼܹ
飡
ƵľҶȭȫݺݵФϣȻѾڽֵҶˣǿһȭȥͬһɽײɽײӲǽײõ˳׿⣬صײһɽ֮ϣͣ
ͬʱ޴ƷˮҲȵѹФĻ֮ϣȻֱӽѹѪ֮С
ʱѪֱֻۣ֮ץס壬ӲĽѪ
ۣ
ФһѪΪϢϢأѪ֮Թ죬޷ܣ˲ɢҲ͵Ǹһ
ѪüȼյĽɫʱȥ٣ҶȴѪ𣬴űĻ긮һһФȥ
Ҷ֪ھ㲻֣ФҲŲ˼ʱˣΪأٲϨ棬꽫ֱճޡ
Ҷ׼飬ߵФǰʱһֻѪɫѾֱӽУͬʱԼüѿɫ߳üģ⣬ֱФȻȼյꡣ
һĻФжȻһ˿ϲ˫ּԭȥ֮ȻٴθʱҶĽѾ˹
Ҷԭ֪еܣ̫ˣһɣ
ФЦŤһ澹Ȼ˳ҶĽֱ˹ȥ
Ѫ֮˳ˣʱȫФͼҪԼĻ棬ҶҲȼĻȻǻˣҶȴҲɢԶʧ
ȻҶĽɫȴǴӿзһߣѾԼĻ棬Ȼ۷ŽɨФꡣ
ǡһȻȼҶ꣬ФЦӵķ쳹ѪϿգΪĿѾﵽȻԼˣȴҲҶ汳
ʱҶû¶ȵȴ𣺡ȻĴϣһҪһܣҵ꣬ʵҵǿ
ФЦȻֹЦҲʱϣæۿȥֻҶȻȷǱԼţȴȻǻһ˿΢Ц
Ҷ꣬ҶͬٵϴҶ˵Ҫǿ׶޷˺οФˡ
ФĹҶ˫֮жȻֳһ̫һ۾Ȼһһâ̫ͼֱӽФϵĻ棬ͬʱ˲ȡм䡣
ٵĿһ֮ҶץФ꣬·Ѫôˣʵ̫ˣͰĵĴѪ֮Уúֹĥ֮ɣ
£ҶֱӽФѾȱ壬ͳͳѪȻģŷҶúдġ


1540 ʧ
ФڱˣҶֱǵĿռǰɽ׽Ÿˣȥˡ
ΪФѾ֪ФΪ˳ɱԼеĸּȫ˹ڳɽʣµһЩӣʵߵҲᳬ졣
ҶԼФ˵һȺֻжĵӸܽһάϵȥò˶ãҪôͻᱻ̲Ҫôͻ뿪ɽţ֮պ϶Զʧ
˳˵ûп﷭˸׳죬ջķᣬʯҩ֮⣬Ȼҵһ֮飬һõ֣˳᲻÷ˣȻȫߣȻٵ󷨣һ˱С뿪
֮˳ǽԭȵ󷨻ָˣĻž㱻˷֣ҲӦǺܾԺˡ
СݣҶǳһСƽ£ȻĻԼܵﶼᰲġ
ʱСݺȻ۾˹һۿҶϵıסˣҶ˰ʵ磬˭
֣ҶҲȫסˣСôܻ᲻ʶҶǺܿ죬жӦ˹СӦٴʧˣ
˵ĺСÿ꣬еļͻʧȻ¿ʼ䣬Ҳ˵ڿʼСݵļֿʼһֵֻء
Сݵ⣬Ҷȫ֪λش𣬶ʱһСС͸ӰȴǴСݵ֮˳֮飡
֮黹СӣһͶҶСݼüŪۣȱȻ˵˰죬ȻҶ޷СȴȻԾܹ֪С˵ʲô֮Сݲ̧ͷҶ˵˵Ҷ磬ǶҺõˣ𣿡
Сִŵ㺦µҶһۣĵͷԣҶ磬ǣĸ磬Ƕõģ㲻ú£㻹иүүǵ𣿡
үү
СԴ˼Ȼ֮¶ı飬̧Լüһ㣬̶֮һžӨˮΣǣҶȻԼˮ֮ƺԼŶźܶ˵Ӱһš
С˫ˮΣɵСݵǰĽˮεСݵüġ
˶֪֮⵽ʲô֪֮ԲẦСݣҲֻǺĿţֹ
˵Ҳ֣ˮξȻľ׵СݵüģС΢΢һ֮Ͼ¶˻Цݣ˷ܵСֵˣҶ磬үү磬˸磬磬󹷹
СݾȻϳˣĴĽйȥᱻ˵ĺǣ˿Ҳֻķ˷ۣʱĬСݶԼƺ
ϾСָܹ䣬ô˵Ҳһֵø˵飬ȻҲ˶֮˸µʶû뵽Ȼֱ
ȻѾһСݣҶҪǰ˵ǲӦýߵģҶ׼໨ʱ䣬ͻزٷ壬ǻָ˼СݣȴϣҶĲӾͲ֣Ȼα°ߵľӰ̫Ը뿪Ҷ벽
һֻܾ֮СһǰʲôΣգôˣ˴СߣʵӲߣҲСݶɽ޷ɽ϶Ǿ԰ȫġ
һ˼ҲΪСߣʱðĳͯԣҲ˵Ϊ֮
Ȼ˶ھ·ʵ̫ңԶҲҪµʱܴﵽ
ԭΪһ·϶ʲôȻû뵽ոչȥµʱ䣬һϢǾ۹ųҶǵδ̵ɱ˳£Ϊ۹ڿʼϧһд׷ɱҶݡ
ϢҶ˲ûо⣬Ϊűͺ۹Źϸ𣬿ǳŵĵӣԼгվò飬Ǿǰ۹Ӷɽ֮е飬ԴΪɣʼڻ׷ɱҶ
Ҷ֪ʵǲг룬ĳڳǱˣ
ֹǷ֧еĳŵӣɽϵĵҲȫУֻ˳ܵ۹ԩ˵־Ҷ۹ֹ
ԴˣҶȴʮ۹ıֿ¾۹ӳˣҪôѾ۹Ҫô۹˼ٰ硣
Ϊ˶ԸҶ˵Ϊϻڵ˹ͬԸҶ۹Ȼ˲̣һǧƵݺҶɼǶҶѾǺ޵ʲôز


1541 Χ
ò˵۹еŴ죬˲ģǼҴĵӣǲڻߣ䷳ÿ˽ŵʱҶɱԼǧƵͬţֶβ̵ȵȡ
κλԣֻҪԽԽ࣬ôҲͻʵȻЩ˲ݺҶҶҲһǧɡ
ڴҿʲôԭҶͳŲ֮ҲӦ˼ţǧӿ϶޹ģһʱͬ飬൱˶ʼѰҶ䡣
Щ飬ҶȻǳ˱ԿЦ֮⣬Ҳûκΰ취֮ڷµסһ˵죬Ƕ²ס˵죬ֻ֮֮Լ·Լ¡
ȻҶǶѾòҶŬȴܰСݸıòһҲ󲿷ϲǣǶ۹Щ֪Сݴڵ˵ɾ¶ˡ
һ죬Ҷһ޴ĳǳأѾıԵشò˶þʽ뵽˾һ£ѵ״̬򡣱Ͼղϵĸ·ôҶеƣҪǵСܲˡ
һ·֮ϣҶԼˣԼʶԾСעһ£ãСݲûзʲôԸıòˣҲ΢ġ
ǳأ˴Сڳ˻ᣬһЩʺ󣬱˼ջסȻոҹ˼ͬʱоʮǿܡ
̾ΪȻҲвٵˣͻȻۼڿջܣкܴĿǳġ
Ҷվڴǰۺʶ̸ожʮˣѾջΧԶӰִһ£нʮ֮ˣûһӹ֣Ҳĸ֡
Ǵӿռ֮Ŷߣ
ҶǿҲʮϸֵĶ֣õİ취ǸϽ뿪
ȻҶ˲ţ˵Ŀռ֮ţ˳óĿռ䴫󷨣һ̾ȻȫʧȥЧ
ħɫһˣ˷Ƭռ䣡
ռ䱻˵Էб˽ҪˣңȻԷ֪Լ˵ټҶüͷΪһ·֮Լ˶СģԷʲôʱ׺Լأ
˳Сһۺԭ򣺡ӦòˣʶСݵˡ
ҲӦҶ΢һң
СݺͶסǸСϵʱ򣬷Ҿͻÿһʱǰ鿴СȻİСݺԼЩһȻ³Լ˵
ң㣬ҲҪıòҲҪ٣ֻҪҶǣٸߵķ򣬾ܴжϳһվȻǰкͻڴ˵Ⱥˡ
Ȼ֪Ӧ۹ķңǶԷ̫ܴ࣬ĹҶڵһǲҪսһͻΧ뿪͡
ȻʱҶɫȻһ䣬ʶΪǿѾеһԨƺǿѹ
⿴ȥȻҹ֮УվһɫӰӰȻߴ󣬵ȴǳһѪǿߣ
ҾȻɳ˾ǿߣ
˵ɫе㲻ÿĸ֣ÿ˶һİܹߣǶϾǿߣߡ
Ҷþòˣβɣ
һϤ洫ҲӿԿ϶ĹȻǷˣΪ˵ǷȻ
ҶΪʶ˵Ǿ仰ҽСɽҶһܣ취סǿߡ
ǵҸһɣ
ǵҶΣգҶȴܾãҵٶȿ죬Ӧ֮ᣬץסҵġ
Ҳ֪ҶƢҲû˵ʲôҶҲƿ˴վڴǰעԶ;ǿվһķȻͬΪıȻûȤɣ
ȻЦҶȰûǹԹԵĴһҵǰҷŹǣҲĻһʱǱס
ҶĬƬ̵ãҳ
˵ͬʱҶ˫˸˼ô׼
ҶֱӴӴȥ߳һ׶ԶͣһĿռ䣬÷ǳߡ
еķȻҶһЦȻڹǰ̬ȳϿҵĻô۹ʱҲῼǷһ·


1542 ͻΧ
Ȼɫ䣬һҶ㻹ӲҲѾ뿪˻죬ҵҪ˭
ԸЩˣһҪʦָҳȻ㣬ŵǲɱģ
ҶǲǼǴˣ춼֪㵥ǹƥϳɽǧɱǿûκεĹϵ
ҶȻҡҡͷ̾Ȼﶼ㷽ҵˣȴһ滰˵һΪһӢˣԭֻܰ
ҶŭԷȻǸ߰ƢﻹܵˣһĸϻˣץסҶҪ֮⣬ۣ
һ£ۼڿջܵʮ˶ʱ˹ҶҲһͬһ㣬ֱӳ嵽˷Ȼǰ˵ȭ
ͬʱջڵĺǵˣҲץסᣬͬʱ˳ҷֳʼͻΧ
Ҷȭսʽ죬ȻλǿͳͳΪǵ߶ȡʱ䡣
һȭ֮ҶתӣȻ²Ȼ;ǿ߽
ҳôˣ׼ộ˵ʲôҲҶߵġ
ںǵˣʵһĲδϣ½ˣպһеǻʰ
ҶȻӣǻӵ̫죬Ϊ׷Լתȥ׷ǣܿͷԼĵĸǶģλǿ߽Լ󣬶ҾȻҲźԼ֮ľ롣
һ£ҶȻκαˣѪҺڵͬʱӦ֮Ҳ֣ٶ˲˼£˳ȥ
ҶӲģƬռ䱻Ƿˣ˵ĻҸᣬҵһսӮͿȥˣԶɣ
󷽰ȻĻҶЦûоǿߵĻԸðպͷȻһսڵ֮£ܡ
ȻĻҲҶĿռ䱻ˣ취ƿռ䣬ԼôһҲߡ
ڷռ䣬ҶΪϤո֪Ҿ󷨣ǵƬռ䣬Ҫƿռ䣬ͱŪ⡣
飡
Ҷʶǰ˳Ҳ֪ǰǱĿռԵһʼȦһܣһ߲Ѱŷ֮Դ
ֹҲͬһͻΧһѰңǱҶҪѵĶ࣬Ϊҵ˶ûκε飬ֻҪǾȫ
ڼҲߣټϴ˿̶óƴľģһʱ֮䵹̫ġ
ӦòôĿռ䣬ֻоǿܹôҲ׷ң󷨣Ҳûп˿ƣӦĳأ
Ҷһ˼һ߱ӣһѰͬʱھʱʱʱ˳ֹһ£һá
Ҷȫ֮£ܿͽյ˳һȦҲȻûҵռ
ڣ˵ҲԽԽΣϾһҪͬʱϵΧҪͬھҲ
ÿ϶ٵĹ˲ʣȽҶ״ҪãҲΪרܣûк˴򶷣ֻҪͣȻλǿ߿϶ͲŹ
˵ȻλǿҲӵĻΪҶٶʵ̫ˣѪӿǿԣ֪ƣ롣
Ҷ²ǼռҲλǿߵϣҲҾȫ׷ϣΪһٶȴﵽĳ̶ֳȣĿռͻʧЧ
ֲܲ׷Ϊռ䣬ͬʱȻģ׷ҶҶҲͣ£ʼɱˣȻԣֻ׷
׷Ҳ׷ϣ׷ֲУ֪λǿߴ˿ķŭˣ
ԼֵǶ˿භ֮УʱɥĿܣҶѾŭɶˣҲûκΰ취
ʱ򣬷Ȼ󲻶ϵԴ̼ŵҶǲǺˣղҿǸᣬģܷŹǣϧ㾴ƲԳԷƣ˰ɣǶŲ˶ˣ
ҲӲˣԹ־ܣұ֤ɱ㣬ӦñҸϵĶ˵жҪ
ˣûи˵ѪЩôΪѪѪǳأǽץסԺȻǷϵǵΪȻϵÿŵϵÿһѪһ˵ܳһʱ䣬ڼ䣬ʹĵģҧŵģûпǳ̬ٳ


1543 ɻ
Ȼ˵Ҳǹ֣ѪѪ֮оȻ̺ŷ˼Сʱȹһ㣬ζȳһ쵤Ҫ񫣡
˵ȻѰһͣҶȴҪҧˣȻ֪Ѫ˻Ѿˣ˿ûлɷȻ˵ѡ
Ѫ֮⣬ΪڵѪ㲻ҶѪ֮壬ÿѪѪҲǱʢĶࡣ
ֻⲢ۹ԸѪĸԭֻΪѪħ֮󣬻ҲѪʼѪ۶йأ
Ѫ۶棬һΪǸʱಢ棬ԶԶƣΪĳ֣Ťת档
һΪʮأδΪ֮ʱԷս죬ѹˣһѪۡ
ڶ棬Ĵ˵е˵Ѿˣе˵Ϊ˱ԼĺѪâɽԶѪ磬е˵δڵھ죬ǸȴţѾ̤·Ϊھ֮ɡ
ڶ֮Ѫֳһλħ죬ҲǶ죬ͬҲվƶ֮ϸ
һ˫ۣϵĵҫΪֹûκԴƣˣѪ壬۹ʼǳ˺棬ϣܹͨѪ֮ѪҵѪۺħôǿԭ
ΪˣǲŻ׷ɱѪˣǵѪá
ĿǰΪֹҶȻ֪ЩԵɣȻĻȴǳɹļĵŭ
ȻֻǰѪˣ⹫δ֪пܾڱ۹˷Ѫ涫һǿ߱ƶˣΪһƽˣΪѪ֮۹֮䱾ǲ֮һеһУ޷ټӣǻȻͣ£תĿŷȻ
ȻȴǺ޾ɫЦϣҶܹͣȻɹˣˣͶˣȰҲҪ˷ˣԹ־ܣϵıͳͳ׸ңҲһῼǷŹǸСŮô
СŮȻָľСݣȻȻ仰Ҷ۾ȴǶȻһ뵽һ취
ಡһҶٴοʼ˱ӣֻһһȴǶźǵ˷˴Ƕм俿£а취ܹˣ
ʱ򣬺Ҳǿ֮ĩÿ˶˺ۣҶĻǺޱΣɢڸˣʼսмȥ
ҶŷȻλǿڷɱͬʱͷѾֳ˺ɽ
ɽֹǷȻλǿߵ۾ˣǿɲ֪ٺԪɵϵ¿Ҳֻôһ˭õ
ΪܵɽĴ̼˵ٶȾȻҲһ֣λǿ߶е㲻Ŀռˡ
ڣѾۼмش˱վһƴս
Ҷȴڷɱٶ̫죬ͷϵĺɽ֮оȻ˿˿Ԫй¶ҶȴǺһͷ񱼡
ҶĿռһȦӺɽй¶ĺԪѾһ˿һ˿ģһһɵġ
ȻҶͣΣλںǵͷϷתķȻλǿߣ¶һ˿ŹֵЦݵǲǺҪɽҽܷܲҵǣ
仰ڿսеĺǼ̿ھܾϧ˵ʱûС
Ȼλǿ߶һۺ󣬷ȻЦҶ㲻Ϊ㻹ʸ̸ֻҪץס㣬ɽȻǵģֻ⣬ֺαأ
Ҷŵźĵͷ˵еһһҵĳ⣬ھͽɽǣӺˣ
ҶĻ£Ȼץס˺ɽλǿ˹ȥ
ǿߵжʱ¶˷֮ɫ־ҪȥӣȻȥͬʱˡһɽڿͻȻͣ£һɹɣһĺԪпӿ˲ͽΧ

λǿ߶ȻһҽУ˾һʯͷһصȥȻһҸֵϡ
޴ײֱӽָѹ⽴ŴҲҳһֱ׵Ĵӡ
ͻȻһĻ˶ˣɽڿУϵӿԪ
ȻҲסˣȻعͻȻҪ̵ͷܣҶҲȥ׷վԭע
顱һȻ͵ײ˱Ŀռ֮ϣֱֱı˿ȥ
ҶѾӿ䵽˺ǵ˵Աߣһǵסˣһòһ˿ĵȻʲô㲻ҪҸɻǲ뵽ԼĿռ䣬ΪǷ˵ķĹúܺԪɣ˵һ˿ԪѹһɽһֱܿǷ󣡡


1544 ѹ
ղŷȻᵽСݣҶСݱԼص˺ɽ֮У뵽˺Ԫ
Ԫ֮ʼ֮ĸܻһ˿Ԫ̩ɽޱȣҶԹ䶦ס£㱻ѹ
ֻԪŵһŵĿռ䵱УôͻɢգڴԵʦŻ᲼µڲٷɽ֮С
ҶĻһȫյĿռ䣬ɽеԪȫͷųռ֮УôһжᱻԪѹɷۣǾǿҲ޷ѡ
ˣҶİ취
һúǾۼм䣬ԷҲᱻԪѹϾԪҶ֮⣬ײϣһ棬ҶͿʼܱͷųһ˿˿ĺԪ
ҶͷųĺԪɢҵģտռ˵ʲô̫ѹ˵ע⡣
ǣҶ߶ԪͬһӺɽкʱЧͲһˡ
ԪͺԪ֮һֹŹֵû˼άԵߵεԪһյĿռ֮УӦ˴˵ʱ̾ͻԶӿӶ̵ܹʱڸǵռ䡣
ңҶҲµ˷ռӦþھǿߵϣΪ˷ֹ䲻Ľɽȥһ̣ͷųĺԪ
ǾǿߣϵķӴĺԪסҲûκεİ취ȥܡ
һʮᣡ
ھǰκսͨʧȥãԣλǿ߾ӲıԪѹ˵£ûĿǰ֪Ҷ͵ûӴռķҲرչˣ൱ĺԪѹ
ȻȻһ˲ЩֻҪλǿ߲ܶҶ˵˭Ҳռ֮ӳȥｫΪڳЩ˵ķĹ
Ԫʵ̫ˣӹȥȻûͷ꣬˿ռ֮Ѿ鲼ԪɵһƬзҲû˼ȥҶǣǿʼƴĵֿźԪѹ
Ҷվ˳ǵм䣬ͷųһ֣ΪԪѾͬһ壬ֻҪ֮о˿
һȻǷһ˳ȻһЦֲȥ͵ѪոѾû𣿡
˲֪˳仰˼Ҷȴ֪Цŵ˵ͷ㲻˵һûڰǽռĸһЩ
˵֮Ҷոȫ֮£ﬡ֮𣬶ո֮£Ȼ˰˰ʮĵɫֱֱĲ£ƬͱĿռ֮Уּһ
ףô˶ʮĵ
Ҷ΢΢һոֻʮȻھȻﵽʮĵʶԼӵеЩʥȻǱھԼʵҲͷųӣ
еոз˵Ѿ¶һֽھ飬ǻŻԼеľǿܹĿռ䣬ڣˣ˭ƿոķأ

ڣ޷ܺԪѹѹ࣬ͬʱҲһҵĴսĻ
ûûе⽣ӰûʮɫֻɵĺԪƮƮƬռ֮С
һһĲҽУϵĴ֮дûѪĽɵĳһһͻΪ촷ۣ׵궼޷ӳһʧ
ҶСɸһս
һ˷ŭŭͻȻ𣬾ȻԪ΢΢ɢһ㣬Ԫ֮УһӰһһļѵҶ˹
λǿߵ⻯
Ҷ˿ܺԪӰ죬ĿһźԪסıѹڴ֮еǿߣƴȫʹ⻯ԼȫΪǿֲѹҪԼ˰
ֻҶǶƸӶħˣǳ˵ļ϶̸
ΪǿߣںԪ֮УͣĽ
ǰɵ˵㣬ֳɵĺԪɵʰǣҶΪʲôҪһս
ԣͲ֪ˣǿһͶܴ󣬶ʹأȻҲеͿˣ
ħʶ㣬㿴㿴ôˣҪİɣҹϵѪ


1545 ռ
ۣ
ħĶԻλǿߵĶУ⻯ͬʱһѪΪĻһ
ΪѪʼ۵һ˿иԪѹ޿ײ룬к£ʱѹ⻯޷ǰ벽
㿴㿴˵˰ɣѪˣѪˣ֪ľͺˣ
ȴӴ̼ϵһɿ
⻯ȻҲܶˣԴȴȻѵתţۿȥֻһ̲һ̲⽴ڰ֮ǰЩһķ˰
֮ϣȻɫѾǳΣˣΪڿУܵĺԪѹȱҪСĶ࣬ϻ˸һŽɫ⻪Ӧʲôı
ҲŲ˶ˣ
ͻȻǿߺ⻯ͬʱ쳤ХϷƴҲҪ뿪

յĿռ֮жȻһ磬ĺʱм˿Ѿšһɣλǿߺ⻯ӿȥ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ѿڶãҪԱˣǿߣ
ǿߵԱԽһжΪƽأڿռ䱻գ󲿷ֵıըᲨҶǣҶﻹҵ飬æջոͬʱ߶ɽʼպԪ
Ȼλǿ׽ԼǱɣҲҪסȻ
ԣǿ߿ʼɺԪͬʱҲŬĹĶԼڵԱ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Լͻ嶼Ĺü֮ǶȻһѪҲһŽİ֮˳
Ҷʱ䣬ҪڶԷԱ֮ǰеĺԪͳͳ룬ϾԪ̫˷һ˿Ҷۡ
ڣҶһ˿ԪջʱĿǸǿߺ壬Ѿ͵˼ޣϾҪըˣʱԼܹ˲ţҲˣοƬռȻţӲߣ
¡
Уǿߵը˿ƬյĿռ֮ڣ̱޾ĹâͿ񱩵⣬֮Уʼһ޴ƣһľӸˤһ㡣
ԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣڣһеƳױѿռƬ¶һһĺɫա
ƬĿռȫеһУҲãҲã·ҲãҲãѾԪѹ촷ۣڻһȫ֧Ƭ֮еǿ˽ȥ
ըӣȻλǿȻʢŭ֮ѡԱȻ׼Ŀ˱ըΪȻڵһСطȻҲռ֮ڣΨһһûܵը
գⳡɾǿԱıը˰ʱʱ䣬ըڽ֮ԭȾ޴ĳУֻʣһ룬һȫʱռ죬κζûʣ¡
ȻڷҿʼΧҶ֮ǰѾ֪ͨ˸ˣжԶ뿪ԶˣҲȻΪٵˣװⳡը֮У˴սƷ
ȻԾվڿУһС鰲ȫĵطͬɵһ㣬עǰͬĩհľ󣬼ֱԼ۾
һ棬벻ԼļƻôãټʮҸ֣ټһλԸҶļƻȻһԼ֮⣬ȫˡ
һ棬ҲھǿߵԱһˣ˵һˣҲһܹĿһǿߵԱԱѾܹܵļޡ
ǿ߻ǿԼԱ£Ȼ˰ʧĿֲԿƵĻӦöѾʧˡ
ȻľڿУݷһ񣬺ܾ֮ŻعͻȻҶǣȻһͬһ㣬Ъ˹ĳܷС
Ҷˣ̫ˣˣ㲻ǿ˰ɣȫˣ㲻ҪΪˣһ˰ˣţˣ֮ĳҲû꣬һ㴴ѪȻȥ˽磬磬ǺйصһһУͳͳҪҪʧ
ѲҪǣǵɹһþ˶֪ҶѣԶҷһȺҶңѪԶҲӳҷҵġ
ˣ
ȻһҵӷȻ˷𣬽ţкȻһһͬһʮ˲Ľǰ


1546 Ѫ˿
ɽ
Ҿǿ㾡ȫԱȻûнɽݻ٣ҲģϾǴ޷Ժɽ˿˺
ԼǰĺɽȻŤԭ˷˫֮ҲͻȻٴηЦҶˣȻôһݴǶлˣģһɽѪ׽ǵģ
˵֮󣬷ȻȥҪɽץסȻͻȻ֮䣬֮һѪһ༹ͬ׵ǰѪɫâ¶޼᲻ݣֱӶ˷Ȼơ
ţɽ΢΢𶯣һһӰӽ֮뿪˷Ȼǰ
Ϊ֮˾Ҷ˳ͺǵһٵĲսÿ˶ĿעŷȻΪǵУȻѾһˡ
һȺ˵ĳ֣÷Ȼʱסϴľʹˣ˿ֻһͷǾҶȻû
ҶȻûΪھǿԱһɲǣѾûʱͰ취ߣֻܸɴĴˣ˲˺ɽ
ٴ׷ɱʱҶҲǶںɽ֮ӹһ٣ȻžǿߵԱӦҲԻȥɽԶһѣٴγɹһ١
ֻǣںɽ֮УҲԾܹܵĶһصĲǵ鶼Ϊֱ֪ըٵʱ䡣
˷Ȼ˵У֪ѾȫȻȻ˵ÿһҲҶԴ˿ҶŻѪһ̴ơ
Ҷĳ֣ɽԶɵҶͷϿգͬһʵĻһ㣬αԼˡ
ɽȻûе飬֮ʼĺԪɣû飬ӵеҲ޿ɱ⣬Ȼ֪˭ˡ
仰˵ҶˣɽҲѣǱԴͨǿĨȥйҶµһкۼ
ҶͷɽֳѪޱģһŷȻ˹ȥ
ȻɫɲǼò԰ޱȣôˣ˵˷һľӢһλǿߣѾˣҶһȴһٵĶúûţʱ˿̣û˼Ҷ֡
ͻȻȻתߣһ仰û˵ǰҲܿĸֳһռ֮š
䣡
ҶֳѪֱһ̳ǿӲĽռ֮Ÿ˷飬¶һƬڰա
ӣȻ㲻Ҫҹ㲻ҪҵĺɽȥѪ׽ҵˣҽͬһҾֻɱңʵЩԸʲôӣ
ʼʱҶʮֵƽԽԽ䣬˵󼸸ֵʱܵĿ֮оȻֺһ㵭ı˪
˺ѣԶҶۣκ˲ܴģ
ȻղŷȻǷȴĴҶۣټϹȻҶЩ飬ҶζŹ
ݣ
ȻͻȻתһɫαһХųҶͬʱһ֧ȴǳһƴСĳκӡ
ǱԼαҶѾڷҺü˵мʽȫͬ²ӦǷշӵеʥƳģȻ
ҶȴǸûпһɽһԪλסС
أ
𽣺ݺݵĴ˺Ԫȴ޷ͻƣڻεĽзһʣ˲ɢ
ʱȻȻеǸӡ
ͬͷһѪɫ˿״ﱬ˵ĸоһ޳ɳïʢҰݣڷǵصҶ˹һּӣҶ˳ˡ
ħɫȻ䣬һǣˣ
ҶûнЩѪ˿ӦĳֲһķѪȫնϣħѾѡħϾħĻˣ֪һЩԼ˲֪Ķ
Ҷαˣ̵ҲһҪԿܷնЩѪ˿
ȻոЩѪ˿Ѫ˿ǵûбжϣͬõĪһǱը˲䱩Ǽ֮ɽˣ
Ҷٶȼ죬ٴκˣ˺Ѫ˿֮ľ롣
ͬʱͬڿٺ˵ħѾ͵Ѫ˿ɵģһϣͻᱻڵжԵĳҲԵĳֻͻõϣ


1547 
ħĽҶ˿һ亹
Ѫ˿ȻôֵĴڣͻõϣѹԼղһ
Ļ˷ʤΪκˣֶܷӦ϶Ҫȥһǵ޷ѣὫԼٲ֮ء
ղŲħļʱѣԼֱѪȥҪǵĻǿ϶ͻ˳ѪԼסȻԼкԪ壬ֹŹֵĴڣ֪Ԫܹܲס
ƾɣ֪һааˣʹаˣԶʮ֮ͽ
ҶûϵȻӹһ˿⣬ͻȻеǸ͵سҶ˹Լٴתһ߷ɱһߴ򿪿ռ֮š
ȻҪѪ˿סҶǣӶԼлߡ
ȻҶ֪ȻҪߣǸ׷ϣڲϵĺˣΪ˷ȻĿƣѾը˿Ѫ˿ȫ¶˳ȻһƬ
Ѫ˿ͬ߰趯죬ʱе·
ħжܹɣ
Ҷһ߲Ϻˣһߴħѯʡ
ȻħȴǿЦһ˵ֻзߣǱӵһ֮Ĵܼߣа취
һĴܼߣڵİҲûдﵽ־磬οֲͣҲû취ƾҵһλķ޴ܡ
ʱ򣬷ȻѾ˿ռ֮ţһУתͷڿͬҰһ賤׳Ѫ˿һ˿ۡ
Ѫ˿һط۹ҲֻһõˣûˣҪٴƣȲ˵ռȫҲһܹƳɹҲǷڷȻǰ;ʹ֮ãȻеۡ
ȻĿ⿴ҶʱѾȡ
ҶҿǻôӣղѾסٶںɽ֮УҲŹģҸղ˵ĻǶǵĳŵһһһģ
ݺݵĶ仰֮󣬷ȻһֻҲ̤˿ռ֮ţʹ뿪
ȻҶԷȻ޵ҧгݣȴҲΣΪڱҪ취ǰѪ˿ȻԼܹߣҲˣпܴһƽ٣ֻ÷Ȼˡ
ѾʧĿռ֮ţҶȴѾ⣬һߺ˵ͬʱһ߷һͻȻȭΧĿ
¡
Ҷȫһȭֱӽռ飬¶һСɫգȻͣһȭҳ
˿һĻȻҶİ취ȻѪ˿ãôͽ뵽޾ĺڰ֮С
֮Σķûκһ˸֮д̫õʱ䣬һΣնп
ȻѪ˿գҲȫ׵İ취ջҲٶκ˹вˡ
߰ȭӳҶԼǰӲĴһѪ˿Сľ޴գѪ˿һѪ˿ҲѾдӵ֮УĴ󲿷֫ȴȻֲиĳҶȥ
Ҷȭһֹſռ޸һŬĽյĶǿյ̵УǰȻٴοһ˸âռķ
ܹݿռķ֮ҾͿֱѪ˿Ŀռ̮Ӷ롣
ͷҶһ뷨Ȼãֻûֻдﵽ˾ǿߵľ磬пܣֻܼԴյ취ϵĻռ䡣
˳ʱҲ׷׸ϹæȻûҶôǿҪҲʲô¡
Э֮£ڿٳһֱӳ׵մ󶴣Ѫ˿Ĵ󲿷ֶѾ֮УȻȻѪ˿ԾɽİŶڣǸκв
գѪ˿ȫıɣռķ֮Ҳ𽥽⴦޸
һĶǵĴսڽ
Ȼȫסоյ˳ǿѾʧһĳУÿ˵ȴһɷŭΣ
Ϊ˶ԸԼˣҾȻ˵˴ƻ
ֻϧջ÷ȻˣȻĻɱ˵ù㡣
УĬĬͣƬ֮󣬻ҶתˣǿȥɣֻһĻѣȵ˰ʦǾҪʼĴսˡ


1548 
һڷյ򣬶ڷеķ˵ļ־
Ƭ֮е˵ǲǾû֪ˡ
ҪΪֻлʵھ죬ÿһ֮УǱռݣǷߺǴɵһЭһ߲Ԥ飬Ҳδ½κ˶Уۣ
Ҷһ˾µĳ;棬Ƭֵ򡪡
Ҷ鲻ԽʦԼ̸й飬ǿ˽ҲֻЩ
ϾѪһŶ̫ҪȻµ˶ܱ࣬νķҲǺõģѪĴʷУûκһʲô̫ľ
Ȼ죬ҶλεѪȴվ˷֮⣬Ƭص򣬺пܺ;סķ߷һЩ飬мĿҲ޷뿪Ƭ
һУֻΪˣһǺҶֵͬܰܵİһͬչҶʦ
ԭҶΪڷı߽֮϶Ͼһյⴳ룬ڣ֪Լˣ
ı߽ʮͨһƬԭκӰҲûκϢҶ˵ǰһʯдɫĴ֡
ƬԭʯȻʮֵͨǲĸĸλı߽磬Ķһľһʯһ֣
޴ڣ
ҲûʲôرİôûУѵҴ𣿡
һһ̲סʯ˹ȥȻ˵ע֮£ƾȻ谭Ĵʯ
󣡡
ÿ˼Ǿ¶ŵɫҶüͷšһ
ʲôˣһе̳ǵʵ֪ܲĳ򣬿վǰһУôʵûһϢ
ҶۣҲ⸱
ʱһͻȻƾ𣬽һΪλʩ˴ҷ߽磬֪ǵ˺£ֻ⣬ʹȥ
ÿ˶ˣӰȴκҲԷӦͬʩչͨ
Ҷʩһ񣬲ĵʦǲˣѰǵѵģ֪ɷһ
ʵڷ˽ʱҶͷ֮ĹϵǼõģҲΪͰĽ飬߶ҲչмӣȻΪ˾Ȱǲ򲻵ѵʱҲͷ޷ĿΪ
Ҷ˵ͬʱ˳ߵǿʯǰĶʯ˼ʲô
Ǻʵ㿴ʲô𣿡
仰Ҷһ˳ǴӷӳȥģҲʲôԾ
˳ûϻشһ߿һָϵ㣬֮ҡҡͷҵӳʱͷ⸱ҲûʯӣӦֻ׼˲ܿ
⵽ǲǻ󣿡
ղǸ˵Ȼǻֻڵľ޷Ļ󡣡
Ҷ˵ͷ˵Ǹȴٴ𣺡ӦʦܣѪһŵҶҶʩɣҰĻҲذɣ
ҶüëΪʲô
Է֪ԼЩҰϡ棬Ϊ˳ڣȻ˶ıòƾߵͨܿһȻסǡ
Ϊ˵Ѿûа
ʲôҶжʱһŭ⣬ͱڷ֮УȻ֪ʲôݵ˾Ȼ˵ûаⲻ˵
߲ڿʦΪߣȻſڴƻƣ
Ȼʱ˳ȴһתҶߵ治˵ѣҹ仰˼˵Ѿǰ
Ҷ˵ܱܿɲϤİҲҶĵ顣
ȻǸŵҲڿʩҲûа취֮λذɣ
ҶȻ̤ǰһͷѪѪ죬һҲţ
߿ڿȱΪնǾȻ֮УʲôȱɵĸһʦҲΪУ㲻һֻӲԼҳ


1549 λ֮
Ҷ˵ĻѾеƵζˣһǳѪǴƣȻⲢı⣬Ѿŭͷ
ֻΪ˰в֪ûʦȻĪ磬ΣЩˣΪ˵еķߣҲη塣
ǵҲǸ˳ֵ׼ܷжǿ󣬼ȻѾҲͬûκεη塣
߿ϽãϽǾʹǽ
ǧ֮ڣ˺ͷ߽аģûмˡ
֮һƬţֻв֪ʲôʱķ죬ҶڵȴǸĻظ
Ƭ֮һĳ֮̾ϣȻĸֳһӰ
һɫɮۣɫϵϺУĴȱƽעҶˣһ֮󿪿ڵλʩ徲֮أɱȻλҵĻǾɣ
˵仰֮Ϻٴţ΢΢һʧ
Ϻ̬ǿӲĻôȻԽ֣ڷԸ˫ҲǺƽ
ϺеĻж˶еɥֲϲŭ̬ȣ
ͺѾȫݺݵĴһȭȴ޻һƲκεĲ
˵ĿⶼҶϣȴľҶƬ֮󣬿˳𣿡
ûУ
λǽȥɣ
ҶûһûҪ뿪Ͼһܷ˳δ֪ˡ
ΪҪʣһһߵڣʣ˴֮궼ֵͬܰοʳǿǣҲǿԼˡ
Ҷ̤˷ı߽磬Ҳǽ󣬺ԥĸȥ
Ȼ˸ո̤ϷɲǣԭȵĻԭͻȻʧˣȡ֮һׯΡľ޴ǳأ
ǳݷýӽɣӲӣǳϿգһƬѤĲϼеɫơ
˵ĽҲʲôĵأһ˸ʹ⻪Ĵֲŵһ֦ҶïĴ֮Ϲʰ쵵ĹӣֹҶ죬ϸһ룬Լİĳɫӣֻǲǽɫ
ȻЩǷз֮
ٿǳ֮ڣ̨ͤ¥ȱȽǣеĽǹ⻪˸ֱýˮȲϽɵġ
ֽ֮жӰȻ޷òȴܿóԴ⣬ɮۣÿһ˵϶ƽ͵Цݡ
Ϊ۵ǳһɽֱ죬߲Ρ
ֱһλ֮ǣ
֮ǰľʤգƻã˻ǲΣΪһжԵôĲʵ
˳֮⣬ȫסˣ֮󣬲˳˵Ժ𣺡λÿһλߵжһΪ־ʥأУǷռ־ģȷǺҲųǻĿܣ
һ仰˶˹˴˶һۣ˸ղƬԭ
ղţƬԭΪǻ󣬲ÿ˶޷ƣڣ˽ֻһݷһ磬ô˳˵ȻҲепҲǻ
Կ϶ǣǻԭǰһУͬһ硣
ħĵҪܹĵطǻҲð
ħĻ䣬˳Цſһ۵ħҿ㲻޷ںˣ뷨ˣӦǷǳӭġ
Ȼħû˳ⷬ˼ҶҲŽ͵ħʦ˵֮еһЩпܻз߽ϴԣе㲻⣬ۿǣҵˡ
룬㲢ǷޣֻǵһοǣȻ˳ס뷨ôЩķߣǵ𺳾ǵʮٱʵ磬޻˵ǻĻôˣĿľֵ˼ˣ
ħȻƶǶȻҲȥЩ⣺ҶүүҸҲܣҾ͸㣬ô죿
Ҷͬλðĳǳأӿ³֣ǣ
뻢ѨûӣֻҪڷ֮Уôǵɽ𺣣ҶҲҪһˡ
һ˱ŽʴųǳȥǳſڣŶҲûس֮ˡ
ҶеɵĿ˳Ϊ˵Ƿյ򣬿һôƴĳǣȴûУǿɽ֮˵
˳ȴͷȷûˣΪ֮⣬û˻Ը뿪ȻôôӳΪʲôô׽룬ҾͲ֪ˣҲǷΪǿ˷֮ţ


1550 
һ˾ȻͨĽ뵽λ֮ǣȻڳ֮վŲٺУǶǵĵÿ˷ǵ֣ڳǵͷ΢Ц֮
˳ҲŵЩߵ֮ߣǴﲻƺѾ͸һУһ֮⣬ҲûʲôԺǵ飬Ҳ֣ǵȷûж⣬ϴ֮ʱЩĻͬӲȥ
ĬĬǰԽԽ룬˺ͽȻҲԽԽ࣬ȻǰһȻûһǻʻǳ֮жһ͵Ϣƺܹϴ˵飬ǵÿܹѰһѵõľס
Ҷȴǲ֪ΪʲôԽߣԽӿһɹŹֵĸоǵĻëѾⲢǷ˵ˣԼԸϵһֿ־
ȻûȥЦǴ˿̵ӣͺǶأͣΣƺѰʲôڵʲô
Ϊʱ˿̣ÿ˵жĸо
Ȼ֮䣬˳͵ͣʶҲֱ˵𣺡֪ﲻˣ
ﲻԣ
ϴֻܣûע⵽ٿЩˣѵûз֣ǵ飬һģп̳һ𣿡
˳ôһѣ˶ʱȻ򣬵ȷÿˣȻòʹŸͬǵʣȴȫһ΢Цƽͣ崺磡
ϴ㱻֮ʱЩˣҲ𣿡Ҷʵ
ǣ仯ʱһǣȻȴ֮ɫҼǵú
ҶüͷšһĵǣѵȫǻǵĻΪʲôҪǲóأ
ȻߵԱһڵͷߵĺǰ䲻ļֻǸͣ˽Ų̧ͷû˿ܵȵı飬Ȼ΢Цĺʮһʩкιɣ
֪𣿡
û˵òĵʩû£Ҹˣ
һ֮󣬺뿪ˣһĻ˸ӿȷйŹ֣ҲйŹ֡
ͻȻܵţûĸ˻΢ЦԲ
ĪǾ˵ϴԣЩжϴˣ
˳ɻ󣬲ȴûܹҶһҧˣҰģӦûǵ·ɣҲ𵢸ˣֱӸȥĵط
ãɽ
˲ȥߵһУ˳޴ĳд
Űʱ֮˾Ρĸɽ֮ǰɽߴɣһ۶ɽֻܿɽһ
ɽ˵ǷߵʥɽΪɽȻСǬһԹһҺͰͱ
ɽ
׼ɽʱͻȻһɽϴո˼ǸϺоȻٴγֻ֣վڿУһһĴӿ
Ϻÿһ¾Ȼһɫ

Ȼڳûзޣȴ֪ܹķߣԶǴܼ㲻ǾǿߣҲ޼ˣοר꼼ĹʵսҪԷԴ˿ٴս׼
ҶȻ׼ˡ
Ϻܹ̤Ų˵ǰ󣬾ŶɫȻУҷˣʵһ
Ϻж˺ʮһλʩǽ뼫֮ǣѾɽҷʥأҷˣĲٽˣ
Ҷۻʶ޷ϺеһУˣӰ޷жϣɼԷʵ֮ǿ
Ҷȴη壬ֱϺеʦһǾ仰ֵΪ˺ͷΪУֻҪѡ
ʩǲڿ˴ûа
Ȼ˳ڵʦһǲƤң
仰˵꣬Ϻ΢΢ɫҶҲ¶𾪣еƤңָľ˵˳˼ƺָǰӦڣǿѾǰˣ
ϺٴҡͷһƤҶѣλǲĺã
ҶŭѾ޿ƣȻӴף֮еŭ֮һŭȣҶ㣡
һŽɫƵ˴Ҷͬһֱ֮Ƕ¡¡죬غ
㣬㡭
֮䣬ƺֻʣ仰ڲϻ졣


1551 ػɮ
ҶһŭλϺбɫüͷ΢ʩɽҷʥأڴ˴ҷڵУοѾ˵˴ûаȴһٿƣѵΪҷ𣿡
ߣҶЦһʦ̫ˣʿ𾴣ҾĵӣҲ۷ˣֻΪѰֵܰȴһٺǺĿģ
գҲҪ
Ҷ̬ǺĽԼͷŵ۷壬Ѫ֮ϣѪޱߣȻߴɵɽ࿹Ҳ·硣
ϺƺҲΪҶӹһĨɫָֻܿҷȻȱΪǲûзħ֮ȻʩִԲڣֻܵˣػɮںڣ
Ϻл£һ뻮һķͻȻǰƵɽ֮ƾճС
ҶҲ˳Ĵϴ׷ҵľػɮͶ죬ԸɣŶԸĽʿΪʿ꣬ͬʱҲ㣬Ͱе񣡡
ר꣬ʿ֪飬ȻȻмĽʿ⵹ǳ˵֮⡣
ȴǺģΪҪ˵ǿ˵ͬʿˣǾǿߣҲûмܹǿĶҶ
Ҷɫĵͷûк˿
Ƿ߾ۼ֮أԼֻܹӲ治֪жǿĶ֣ԱҪʵҶҲҪϺУԷг֡
ػɮɫɮۣѾҶ˵ǰһſɫƽͣĿбӡ
ͬʱĿ޷ɽɽ֮ϣȻһͬٲһĺƵһһ㣬ɽ
ҶȻ˺󣬺Ǻ˳ߵǰ棬һУϺлػɮûпһ
Ϻжžλɮ˵ػɮڣ⼸λʩҷʥأִ̫ǽ߼ɣ
仰Ҷüͷһ壬߼ɣƺǶЩػɮǲҪɱ֣ҲǲҪ˺Լˡ
һ棬λϺԼ˼һ棬ҲǴȱΪԼѾ֮ȻҪ飬ֻΪ˸Լˡ
Ϊеìܣ⵽ôһ£
ҶԼԴ̤֮󣬾ʼŻ֮ȥĹŹָоȴ޷͸еԭ
ҶҲûʱȥ˼ЩˣΪػɮѾԼӣӦ
Ȼ˳˵˲Ҷ֣ʵǿĺȻһԶסˣΪ˱ȥҶҲΪǿ
ȻޱߵĴֱ꣬ӽǸ޷뿪
Ҳ͸ԵĶֻֽ֣ҶϺһ˴һ߹ע˵Ĵ򶷣һҲעŶԷ
˳˫𣬻ʹָõڶֵ·ػɮ֮ðɫ⣬ͬһһȻʱ˳ͻȻ˾Ÿ˸źĽ룬ɫ˳ȥ
Ϣڷ֮ȴӲĽ̴˿ռ䣬֮Уټѭһ̣ŸѾɮ˵ߣ׼ȷĴ̽ϾŴط
ͨһػɮ֮󣬾ȻԵڵأԲѡ
Ҳ֪ô£Ҷʮ۾ڲ֪֮еɴΪ˳ʩչֽ֮ǰδȴѿ̳ķʽոеƣڶʱڶա
ǾŸ룬ȻֱɮϵľŴѨλ
Ҷ˳Ѩλ⣬ϣ˳æ󣬲û뵽˳û⣬ķʽѨλϵһʵս֮С
ȻҶ˸뷨ԼԽո͸˳֮ȻսսеȴǼ
ڳŴõǱ֮飬Ϊԣһ·϶ڲͣոסռ䣬ó󷨣Ի벻
Ҷ˼ʱսѾػɮȷǺǸǿ󣬶ȻҲǵõ˳Ķûɱֻ֣ػɮԶѡ
ŵزػɮϺеɴݵ䶯ֻɮͻȻ̧֣ϵͬ飬ͷߡ
Ȼػɮһô˳˵ȻЩĽʿվˣҶѾ׼ȻϺȴͻȻҡҡͷĵλʩʵˣֻԳˣ


1552 ֮
ԭȰ˳㣬ڶڵ˵ĹӦӦİ˳ػɮڣǽʿֱԽԽǿȻû뵽λܼķϺУȻػɮڲ֮󣬾ҪԳ֡
˵ﶼǡ⡱һ£ֻҶη壬ȻԼ˺ͷѾ֣ôη֮УȻҲ޷ˣҪһ
ʿҲãϺҲãҪģֻҶеֵģΪʲôֱڣɳϺкϺкļػɮ֮⣬Ȼû˳֣
Լǰŭ֮ǸղǵĴ򶷣ƶǼΪƴˣɽе˲ܻ
ѵ˵Ϻо䣬ǿߣ
Ȼһ𣬵ķҲǧţȻҲ˸ָĽɣڷ˽ʱҶѾ֪ˡ
ķܲܽзڽȫϲһȻѡһͬķɻķ쵼ˣ
Щ⣬Ҷûʱ˼ˣΪϺѾٴǰվ˵ǰȻʮֿĶ˺ʮһ֮󣬺Ȼ£ʼоˣ
һĻȫסϺв˵ҪԼԶôúõѵϵİ취
ȻϺо֮һɴůȱһ˿ʥζĽɫâȴƮ˿ȫ֡
ڽ֮£˵龹ȻĪľͷԺ֮иһƬϵҲ𽥵ͣʼĸһ㵭ЦݣоС
ʱҶԺ֮ͻȻˡһŷҶҲ֮𣺡ǿ֮
ԭҶҲĳϺе֮УӵͷҶһ仰ȴͬȺը죬˹
֮ҶȻ֪Լˣ׼ʱ򣬷Ҷȴŵ𶯣ڵ״̬
ҶһȻ׷ҶҪԼ⣬ȴͬʱȻҲʼѯʡ
ϺþԻ𣿡
Сӣڷ˽̫٣֪ǲ֪ʵó֮
֮
ǵģҲԽͬ꣬ÿһ߶ڷϵЩ۳ɵԼӳֵ֮ϣ׳ͬʱԼҲԴϼȡศɡ
Ҷҡҡͷ˵ľ𣿡
߿в𣿷ҲͬÿžǴһ𣬻һ飬ֻҪзŵʱϾηôּ򵥵ճУҲһԱеõӶӴͬʱЩԼҲԴＳȡ
ٴȷѪһţѪڵͽȫħۣʱʱ֣ϵĹôǵҲ۳һħ֮塣
֮֮ҲǷ׷һķЧΣͲö֪ˡ
ҶˣȴȻеţȻзʽ
ЩԼ֪𣿡
֪֪Σ˵ˣ֪֪֮ǶǵķԸΪκ¡
Ҷһ£ͷʵϺеоΪʲôôһֳԵ״̬˲֪ҵ㹻ǿҲӦÿԿһɣ
ǷϵķߣЩ߾ÿֻһ˿֮һҲǺޱߵģϺоǴޱߵ֮мȡԸǣǿܹ˵𣿡
Ϊʲôұ𶯣ҵøϿǽѡ
û£Ϻв˺ǣֻҪȻǣûʲôΣա
Ҷŷѯһôڸô죬ҶѾĵСӣҾϺе֡
ֹϺ֣Ҷо֣
Ҳ֪˵Ϻ֣Ϊղ̽ѪƺӦҵĴڣ뿪ʱһ仰
ʲô
ǷҶҶƣҶڿ¶һӱõѪôˣûκܹͨκηʽ֪ѪĴڡ
ȻϺв֪ˣѪ˷ҶĴڣһ仰µǣһУҶԼǺ
ɴ˿ɼλϺеǿ˼ֱĵز
ðҶǿƽʲô
˵ҲǷڵһת


1553 
ڵһת
ҶٴסϺѪ֮µľȻһ仰ʲô˼
ѵ˵ʲô⣬˵ʲôѣһڽӵģ
˵ķѣתҲѪ˵ԼЩ˵ϰ
仰Ӧò޵ķʸǹ˵ģԭҲ벻ף㲻Ҫ
ҶЦŵҾ͹ãˣôһ˵һͷˮˣôֻ˵һ룬ˣһҵ˵ɣ
ڻʲô£Ҷû飬ҲûȥܣֻҪȳĪǡ
ҶȻ۾ʿڵԵˣֻǲԵˣԴʦҲ˷ʱ䣬ҪȻˣ
λҶȻ֮˵Ȼ󣬵ȴһϣͬʱ˳˵ĶУһһӳ״̬оѹ
˴һʱ֮Ȼ֪ʲô飬Ƭ֮ŶȻعʱһð亹ΪղоУҪţ޷ڵͷ
Ҷǻѣµȵ֮󣬾ͻ᳤סӴֹ֮󣬹ŷƣһ
ȻϺеоҲȻֹ˫ȴΪκξݣֻƽĿҶʩȻǷܹҷպܹΪһ·Ҳδ֪
Ҷޱҡҡͷʦ㲻˵Щϻˣǲֻд㣬ǲܽɽѰҰ
Ϻվٴγ̾˿ɣ
򵥵˵֮Ϻе֮϶Ȼųɷ⣬â֮Уһ黨΢ЦĽɫ޷ƾԻ
Ȼ޷΢ЦûκεĶȴɢһ־˵ƣѹȵ˳ȫ޷
ҶͬҲǾٲά裬ԼĹѹ֮·аѵҲ֮۶ɵǵĻ֮ʵ̫ˡ
ϵıƴҶӵõѪ֮ûκˣοǰ޷ȻѹˣǱԪǲ̫ԶˣҶһҧӲԼǿһ
ţҶҲɢѪ⣬ɽҡֱϣޱߺԪɲǼͽѹ֮С
˵ҲҪ
Ҷ̧гһֻ޴ѪɫȭͷȻŶ޷Ȼ˹ȥ
ֻɫ޷ҲˣԼŵʻһһƢͬʱǶʻҲų֮⣬Ѫɫȭͷһ㡣
ۣ
Ϊ΢һѪɫȭͷѾը˿ѪɫƮڿУһҶ˶ȻһХ߸Ծ𣬾ȻԼȭͷϺзһ
޷𲻹֮γɣϺҶ֪ƾԼʵǶ֣˷ȥԿ޷𣬵취ԼȥӲϺС
Ҷֱ˺˿ռȭͷϺȴ̬ı۾ȭͷԼһɲǣ³һ֣
䣡
һɽõˣֱײҶȭͷ֮ϣͬɽײ˳ȥ
ڿУҶѾһֻҵ״̬ΪԺֻ֮ʣϺеһ쳹أ
ʵҶ֪Ƿڵԣų̲ϴпٵ֮컯Ҳʩչ
ʩչԵϺб֮ͬ
顱һҶصˤ˵ϣһˣԵʵ̫ڲԺ֮кһĴ뵽֮С
ʱ˿̣ҶĽɫĿü֮ڣȻׯϣǶͷ֮ȴһſŽɫĺ䡣

ʱһͬһȻͽϺеֱӻӳҶԺ
ڸֶȡ˺ɽλãҶͷ
ҶҲޱȵ𾪣Ȼ֪Ϻп϶ǿǾû뵽Էǿֵزƾһֱ֣Լ꣬ûӵĻʱһԼ㣬»һӣ
Ҳһ֤ˣϺеѾﵽ˺ŵĵز
ҶͷվȻޱ飬ȴһķ࣬Ϻж޷򵹵ĻǷǵȲԼҲ޷뿪ˡ
ǣܴϺ
Ҷ̧ۿȥȻ֣ϺеĿֱֱĶԼͷϵӣ۵׿ٵһ˿ϲ֮ɫ


1554 ʧϺ
ӣֱӣ˵֮ץеһЩʦ£Ȼûֱ֮˻֮겻ȫġ̵ĻƸӡڣö֮ӱһ˫Ļ
͸ҶΪǰ̵ʱҶȻȷ޴󣬵Ͼӣ߾ۼķ»зߵĲ⵽Ⱥ֮ĺ
൱ɱһĳȻЩǵȥǸתһȦ£еÿ˶޲ý˺顣
ȻҶҲû뵽λŹֵϺڿʱǵûзŭ۵׷ӿֳϲ
ҲǷڵһת
ҶԺ֮ҲûɵϺѪе仰ô˿ľϲ仰ǲʲôϵ
Ҷ˼꣬ϺеɫͻȻԭĴȱһֱ֮ɫվŵ黨΢ЦĽɫ޷ҲЦݣ˫Բɵŭ
ô£ôĹϺеľϲȻͻ˷ŭϺеӣҶԲɣϺп϶ҪȫԼƴˣ
ãϺ¶ŭҲһţָԭȵĵȻƽֲʩִԲڣԭдΪ̣ʩӴҷھǲǶҷߵƣ
ȻҶ֮ǰ뷨ʵҲ˲ôˣͬƽĵӲƣֻżȻõŷ߻꼼ˣǿҼӣֻΪ˷ѡ
ຣޱߣͷǰ
µ˲䣬ϺоȻʧˣͬ޷𣬾Ϣʧˣ
һ˲䣬ϺоȻͳҶǰ̧־ͳȥ

Ϻеٶʵ̫죬Ҷ鼱֮£ֻܴ߶ӡ
һ죬΢΢һ𣬴֮϶ʱһɫ壬ͬʱһо֮Ҳ
ϺеƲûĵϣѾĽɫӲײһ̣ɫӵʱͽϺиΧ
Ϻеɫ䣬ſͣһȻ³
Եǰ֣ϺͬʱʱضΪ֮𶯣ռϻˣΧĽɫ塣

ͻȻٵ£ĽɫӿɰΧϺеܣоҲƴ󣬾ͬʱһ쳹֮䣬ͬԿϺе֮
ˣ
ٴξÿһɫ֮ͻȻֳһ
Щеϣеᣬеףǧһ⣬ȫǹͷһ˫ĿգׯϣԺнɫֳ֣촽ţоҲͬ˳һ㣬һ˸߹һˡ
Щɫ壬ʵµз޴ʦ꣬Կ̵ַ޷뿪
ЩȫԻΧϺвϵžģ죬𶯣ȻϺеɫȴı¶һ˿΢Ц
ţϺ֮ȶ˫Ŀ΢գ촽ҲʼţȻЩʦǵ꣬һоġ
Ҷסˣȫ޷Ϻ⵽ʲôѵ˵ԼЩͬǵϲ̲ס뵽оĶ֮ˣ
˵Ҫƾһ֮Լо֮Կǧͬţ
뻮һ쳹صоУ֮ϺȻǧʰ쵴ʱϺȻ۾ֹͣоվԼصɮۣȻ˫ֺʲΧЩķ޴ʦǵʩһ
һ֮Ϻ֮ɫдʣԥ󲽣̤ʴ
ڲ֪֮˵ʴԼ࣬϶Ϊͨģʵϣյӣ
ֻҪ̤ǵӴ֮ͻᱻڣΪΪ֮飬ԶΪһ塣
ҶۿϺ̤ʴ˵ӦóһΪϺУһǿУԸļǲ֪Ϊʲô˿Ҷȴӿһı
ҶȻڣϺеʦǰˣ·ͨȥĵط
ҶϺеιȻͣתϳ˴ȱ΢ЦҶһͷлʩѣʩң֪ȥδʩլʺȻɱأֻҪסġ
˵ϺͻȻס¶һԳЦݣҡҡͷʱѵ㻹ܷ£˰ˣ°ɣǰõĹޣ
£ϺжҶʮһٴת󲽣ʧʴľͷ


1555 ڵ
ʴյһʹ⣬е꣬ԼϺе꣬ʧ֮ϡ
ٴΰһͭ⣬Ӳӵ֮ϣֶһȦ·ϸϸȥȻ͸ղŵϺż
𣿡
ҶվԭأͷӣϺʧķԼڵϣ˫۽գ΢ЦȴѾʧȥϢϺеʬ壬˫֮͸˵ã
ֻ꣬ɽ룬ԸղϺԼ̤ʴ
ղϺ˵ǷҶƺ֪ԼǰӣΪ֮飬ȴڣ˵ԼҪĹޡ
˵ˣϺеɱ
ϺеʵʵҶûа취ԿӣΪٿӵԼ
ԼжʵҶ֪ģԼʩչ޷ǾԱѣҪϺѾ˼߾ķڴڣǲܵ£
˭뵽ϺоȻ˵ֿӣ뵽Ϻпʱ۵˿ϲҶӿԿ϶ǳġ
ֻǣһоΪʲôأ
˳Ҳ׷Χ˹ҶӣΪʲôˣҶǰ˻εû°ɣ
Ҷ뽫Լɻ˵ʱкȻٴδ˷ҶҶϺиղһ仰ʱʲôҪ˵ȥͨӣ㣡
Ҷٴһ㶣Ϻиղ̽ѪԼһԼʲô˼
Ϊеɻʵ̫ˣҶæ˵ұչһᣬǵһ¡
˵֮Ҳ˵ķӦ£ʼԼ깵ͨӡ
ȻҶУҶûнԼ̽ȥΪΣգ
ӵʱҲûô˵ʵ֮κУֻҪʵ㹻Բٿ
ҶҲ˲ôˣСĽ뵽ڣһȥӭӿһǵصԹһ̣ҶΪԼѪС
ʵĳ̶ֳ˵ӺѪŲ֮߶һֻһѺŵĽǵ꣬һȴ궼Ѻ
ڶǱɱĴʦ꣬ȻǶǷߣŵʱӦøԳȻȱΪôҵķʽ֮Ҳ޷뿪ӣǽĶԹ
ˣӸֳֹЩǵоʵҲֻΪԻˣǳȻ߶Ȼ
ܵڴԹҶɢ⣬ԹסСĵǰ
Ƭ̹ҶͻȻϺеҶʩˣ
ĿϺ̤ʴʱҶӿĪı˿ϺееʹΪȻϺеڣǽԶԹڡ
˿̣ҶϺҲû˰ĵ⣬ȻԷȻĵʦˡ
ǺǣлҶʩң֪ʩп϶ɻҶʩˣһΪǰҵΪҶʩǸȻҲΪҶʩҲϣҶʩܹæ
Ǹ󣬰æ
ȻǸΪʲôǰҪô
ͰæΪʲôղŲֱ˵ҪڽӺ乵ͨķʽ˵
ϺкȻһţֻ״̬֮ȻҶĮ̇
ʩ֮ԸղҪסʩΪɼҲôλʩ½ԻڣҪܵۡ
ɼ
Ҷʵ벻ͨϺǿʵѵƬ֮Уܹ
ʩһеԵɣʵǻδʱҾ͸˵ˣȻΪҲļˡ
Ҷһ֮ѿڶΪ
ҶǵúԼ˽֮ǰϺ֮˵Ļܹ࣬ԵɵĿֻһˡ
ʩȻߴǻ֮ˣϺ̾һ䣬ŵΪ֮һУɽڣ
Ҷʵ磬仰ԻķӦҲΪңĽͬˮһϵķ
ð֮Ҷ𾪵ʵʦ˼˵һУǻ󣬰λ֮ǣеЩɮǣȫģ


1556 Ϊ
ǻֻͬһǿˣʵڵģֻģǵĿ
Ҷڷ˵ʽʵˣЦŵʦСӱȽޱֱܲ˵⵽ô£
ϺгĬˣƺڿǸθҶ˵ףƬ̺ٴοڵ򵥵˵ɣʵ⸱ЩǼΪóģеڷ֮ͨһͨʲôֻ޳۲ܿڷ֮еκ飬ϵĹͨᱻĳЩ֪
еһΪóһּ
仰ĽҶŵˣҪ֪ڵʱѾԶ޷ˣǾȻȫǼΪóģ֮˵ʵжô
˵ˣΪͨķͨǿٳһ硣
統У߾ףһжĹ˼趨Ȼ﷢һ֪ϵĹͨ
ҶһЩ⣬ǾΪʲôϺҪԼǸΪҲǷˣôһһȻҲǸˣֻܶԼ
ֻǣϺΪʲôҪǸˣ
˵˭ôĿʲô
Ҷʳؼ⡣
ϺһĬŵ˭ң֪ǵһˣһȺˣҲ֪ôĿġҶʩ֪֪ʲô֮
ɣҶոս֮ϺоȻʳˡ
֪
֮ǵĿģǷ켫粼óнеķ߶ĳ羴ԸǵǶĳЩ˻أЩؾͻתΪ޾֮
ϺеĻ˵ͻȻסˣҶȴҲҪ˵ΪѾ֪ˡ
ֻΪħ۴ˣΪѪ֮ŵ飬һеһУһҲ̶̼仰𾪶࣬жӿһɿ־壡
Ҷ˵ĺķŸͬÿһַžʹһоЩǱ˷߶Щ𾴺Щ֮ЩڣӴ
ҲΪ
ʱҶЩûüȥ뵽һ⣬ЩǷ񻹻ţ
ѾȥôЩ֮˭
ûôЩ֮תΪǵڣôɲΪǿԽЩ֮Ӷá
Ҷ־ԵɣҲϺ޷˵Եɣ
ԭЩʱʱУչݵˣпܾǾȡǵǵ϶ȥˡ
˵ֱ׵㣬һȺΪԼܹԲóƬеķߣУĸԸİ̾Щ߷ǵ֪ϡ
֮ڷ׳˵ʲô˺𣿡
ͨҶ⣬Ϻо֪ҶԼ˼̾˿֮ͬԴ꣡
Ȼûش𣬵仰Ѿ˵ˣ׳֮Ҳ˺Լꡣ
ȡ˵ӳԼ
ѵͷ
ҲҶԭ࣬ôз߿һǧգʵΪԼ꣬Ϊ˵ġʳӳ
ƺǿҶЩʲôϺæҶʩ߲ڿҲȻҿԿ϶ȷ˴ڣҲǲķֻĳֶθϴԣ÷ΪǾǷ𣡡
Ϊ˵ԼһϺٴ֣صҶʩҼţǲķ𣬶ħֻһ£
ÿÿ˵ִź׷ϺеĻ룬ǲʵ࣬ûκ֪
ҶԸϺе뷨ϾʦҲ˵лдΪϴԣϺе뷨ǲıϡ
ͬʱҶҲԼ뷨Ϊ˳ͷߵ⣬Ҳ뵽һͬԼѾܾõ⣬Ǿڵ࣡
Ѫе˶ǲԸ˳ģħѪ˵Ҫ죬ͱ빱Լꡣ
Ҷʼ벻ַͨ꾿ô׷ڻôãҲûп˭ʧȥӣÿ˶ǻĺúõġ
ôǲ˵ͳߣҲǽ֮һǵ꣬ӶﵽԼĿģ
ҶԼɻ˳ϧϺ޷شΪû뿪ҲΪʲôԸӵԭȻҲ֮١
ϺеʵȻ޷ô佫Լװ׷׸ЩħڣٻһеԶԱ˵Ҳʹ࣬ǶϺ˵ȴһֽѣ


1557 ҧӦ
ҶعԼ壬۾ȴȻãȻȻѾ֪һЩ࣬Ը֪
ϺæȻ취ܹƷзһѣһ磡
æҶ˵ʵеˣĲ뽫ϣϺн˵һ֣ҶҧӦˡ
Ϊ
ɽ֮УѾʼϴԣһµķţϺвŻһٵ˵ûа˳仰˼ҪƤҡ
²ʥݣðɽӣҪϺѰҵתܣֻǰļͣƾǰٰȰ˵Ҳ϶Լǰλʦת֮塣
Ҫ֪֮УܹûмϺԼ˵֮⣬ӦûмҲֻǲұֳֻܼ̣ԾЩˣϺҲ֪
һˣϺеǿԿ϶һĵĺУںܾǰΪ˷͵͵뿪û֪뿪Ҳû֪ںη
ҲǴӻ뿪֮Ƭøӵι̣޷߿԰Ȼ뿪Ϻжܣ
ļ֮⣬ڵߣǴܼ޷Ȼŷеġ𡱡
԰Ҳûа취û뵽һ죬ͻȻ˥Ǽʦͳʱǿн뵽˰֮УʼΪϴԡ
ϴԣʵӦ˵ϴ꣬Իϴ꣬һڰѰλʦתǰļ䣬һҲΪעһЩȫµļ䣬֮ҪһˣһϵԸڷķߣ
ңΪǿҲڷлýϸߵĵλ˵ǳϷɣ
飬ɽǵһηֻҪǷӽܵĴϺеݣػϣΪߣǲԸ⿴鷢ģû취ŰֹΣȴЧ΢
ҶĵϣȻϺȴһֱĥſԺҶֲͨ˷ֵİ취
ҶѪӣϺе㹻ǿ֮ϺפΪۣ˽ѡ
ֻڣ깵̸ͨŲõĻᱻ
ǣȻûнѣıһˣҶ϶Ҫ뾡һа취ûбˣôò˶ҲῴʱƱҲƬ
ΪֵܣܰҶ϶Թ۵ģο˥ʱ䣬þҶ֮мķͨʱ̣Ϊ˾Ҷǣǿʩչط˥ԣҶֻܴӦϺУİæȻҲڰæ
֮⣬ϺҲҶһܵȻеΣգܵȴܹɽϵǼӶҲܹ
Ҷû°ɣ
˿Ҷ֮ʼճĬΪʲô¡
û£
ȻҶں뽫ղ֪һжǣȴ˵˵Ҳǻ뿪ϣһ˵ĽԶƬͬһķˡ
ô죿ֱӳɽ𣿡
ߣ
ҶҶ˵ֶܵᣬվУȻ˶еɻ̬ȣȴҲûԥ
ϺеָʾҶһ˾ȻƵɽ࣬ҵһСӡ
ýˮᡢ顢觵߱ɺװε߱أװ˰˹ˮ

Ҷû˿ԥֱ˳֮У˱˴˶һֻܸ֮ȥ
ӣҶſʶ׵ľҵϺ˵һڿռ֮ŵĻأ֮󣬾һƬɫա
룬Ƭգ˵ǰʱһȻɽ֮ϣ̧ͷȥԶ
̲סʵҶô֪·ģ
Ҷҡҡͷ뿪֮ٸǣڣǶҪ㣬Ͻҵ²̫ã⣬һ·øǆ£ֱӳ֣սپþһ
Щ߶Ǳɱ˫ۣҶɱǡ
һǿаסĵĺ棬ûʲôֻǸԵͷҶȥ
û߳ȥԶȻһ𣺡վ
Ҷûѹ֣
£Ҷһȣһâ֮أ˵һⷢС
ʿ
飡
Ҷ治ϻֱһȭȥʿԵ˵ϣ˹ȥ


1558 
Ҷػɮڣ˽ʿ˽޺ʹȫһһڵأڵС
ǵģϴҾǴӳġ
˳ĿҶûеС϶ĵ
濴ŽյĺСòݣվǰȴܸоһֹӺʹһɺ纣ΰСܣη
Ҷתͷ˳ǣÿ˵϶˲ʣϾһ·ȻĲûдܻ߾ǿ߼ĸ֣ܹίػεķߣʵˡ
οÿ˵ʵһֲõԤУǾǵΪֹλϺ֮⣬ĶһЩСϺףǿ߸ûг֣
ֻûȥ⣬Ҳûȥ⣬ȻѾߵһ·ֻǰܺˡ
ʱС֮ͻȻһϵգ
ţŴ󿪣߳λ߹ɵıδ󺺣Ժнɫ֣ɢ⣬ɫУƾˣŭǸߴͣվͬɽһ㣬һֲԽĸо
˳֮վڴңһ˫ƽǰƺûпҶˡ
Ĵ
˳ʶ˵Ժ𣺡ΪҲйλһ˵Ĵʮ޺ȵȣ˲ʮȵȻҲӦķ߼̳йλ˵˷û⣬еĶˡ
˳Ľͣ˶Ǿ𾪣ҶȴΪ֪࣬Էʮֵƽ
ԭ˶ΪǷҪֶԸԼˣԻὫЩӵйλķ߶ٻ
ȻĴ֮󣬴֮о߳һλϺУϵ˼£ϲƣͬɵƤѩ׵ü֮ϣ;дȱ֮ࡣ
Ǿܴʦ֣ҺͰ֮ĵһ˾
˳ܾܵȻе΢΢Ȼλܴʦ˼Ϊ̵ӡ
ܴʦ߳ţ˫ֺʲ˫΢գɽһ֮󣬵ĵλʩҷھҷڵӣкιɣ
ҶһվھܴʦǰʦǵѣǹڵһǲòӲ֮£
֪ʩ˭
ֻڱǸ˷ţ
ʵҶµķŵʱ˷ŭ֮һ˾¸ݣͬһ㡣
ܴʦžƽĵԭλʩҪȫֱ˴󶯸ɸ꣬λѾ֣򣬽˹ֻ˽
ͣ
ͻȻЦʵΪղűǴ򵹵Щҳʵȫֱˆ£
ǵ͵Ļ첻ߣԸǴ֣ھҲǱԲģþܵĻ˹ȥ
ĳƣܴʦȴδһĿҶֻٴʵʦǸ˽
ܴʦŵλȻ󶯸ɸ꣬ǲδɱɼƣҲΪλǱĴ󻤷ֻҪλܹӮ֮еһˣʹ˽ᣡ
ȷܴʦΪղű򵹵ķҳӣȻ˵еûʣǵҲƫģֻҶǴӮĴеһ˼ɡ
Ҷüëһʦǲ˽֮Ǿܼ
һͨ򲻼ҪԼ˼ˡ
ߣô֪᲻̲ͨסֿڵ
ҶȴǰֹĻ߲ڿȻܴʦ˵˻ͨǾһᣬˣʦͷ֮ˣҲҶڣ˽
˵֮Ҷʾȫ˵ԶԼһվ֮ǰɫƽעλ֪λ˽᣿

վߵһλͷϷֽɫеıδͬը졣
ʦǣ
̳жλֹ
ɣ
ֹҲ໰ͻȻһãᲦһ¡
һ϶Ȼһɫ磬Ҷ
Ҷޱ飬ϲŭ֣վԭأһڼ
һʧҶȴе綼Ӳô³ֹأ
ֹȴҲͬɫƽָȴͬӰһٵĲá

ȴ̺ǿҵս⣬꣬һɫ಻Ĵ֮ռ䣬ֱ


1559 ػٻ
λֹܹ̳˶Ĺλ˵ʵȻͣʵҲ֤ÿͬʱ˵ɱ֮УȷǷ˼
ϺбȻֹʵҪЩԲ磬Ҷ궼첻ʲô˺
ϺƽоҶ˲״̬ǶڳֹҶȴӶԼܹɿܣĹҶǲ塣
ҶѪ죬ƤȾһѪ죬ͷֳɽԪ
ɫȫкԪ죬ȫΪɢҶȴǺˣһЦͻȻһ֧
˳ͺǣ֪ҶóĿĵģҲܹغ쳾¶ЦݵΪǻҲᡣ
ʱ侲ֹһ㣬ؼʱ
֮µһȫչ˳ܴʦ¶ݣ˵ֹˡ
Ȼغ쳾ܹЧ˷棬ѩҲ̾磬Ǵ˿ҶȴϬһ죬Ǹû߶
ΪҶ֣򵥣ҲܹĻ꼼ͨʩչģּ֮򵥵ִŸ仯˵꣬˵˷һˡ
һԻӣʼʱҶе裬ǿİ£ȴǺܿľͽѾ
ͬСȪˮ죬ȴͬ죬Զϵڿײһܹܻ貵Ĺâ
֮´ϣתΪŭ֮µʱҶȻø߿˿̵ĳֹѾɫأԭȻʱʱĴ߶ã⣬ڣֻȫ࣬˿ķ
෴ҶȴԽԽɣеɱ֮ȴԽԽŨΪŭ֮УŭҲѾȼ뵽ɱɱ֮£
絶һһնֹ꣬ųֹԺķֽü֮иԻһɫӡǣϽĿʼˮ
Ҷ״̬ԽԽã۾ԼҲԼΪ֮⣬ָܵһֺ
ػ꣡
Ҷ֪Լػĺ
꣬Ҷ˵Ѿﵽһּ£Ӧõػ֣ںϣֻػĶֻ֪ڲżܵһ
Ȼ죬Իˡغ쳾Ĺ̵УȻٴ˵ػĺұκһζҪҪҲŬֺͨѰŵػڡ
Σ֮飬ҶҲǵһˣϰΪ
ɱ֮£֮£ϣ֮£
Ҷġغ쳾ൽ֮ʱҵ˵ػڣȻܲԲ׵ĵ¡
ȻҶ׼ӾȷĽػ궨λ׼꽫ػٻʱͻȻֹһڽɫѪ
ѪֹǱͲ԰׵ɫѾ˵֮ɫܴʦһŵˣʩͣˡ
ܵȻ󣬵ȴͬǰϺһֱӴҶУˡһ˲ʧ
ȻܿͻָѶϣԵػĺҲ֮ʧ
Ҷ˫۶ȻŭĿĴŭĿֱ˾ܵϣãǾΪ֮ԼٻػʱӲǿԼϡ
ȴɫƽϸһ飬û֤ݣҲûмҶֻǿѹסĵĲͷŭƽ͵ȻˣǴʦǷгŵˡ
Ȼܴʦʮһųֹֹȥ֪ͨ˵мλԶʩҪλش𡣡
˳̲סҶˣ
ܵͷ˵Ҷʩϴ뿪ʩˣ
ֲֹȥǽɫѪãžܹһתȥ
Ҷ˵Ҳȫųֹ߽СţֻҪЩ֪ͨ˰ô϶ǵģ뵽ܹҶȥԼػʧ֮۵ˡ
Ű֧ʱȥֹ˳ȻȴǶһˣûҶˣֻǶžܴʦ˵ѾһУ޹Ұֻһ𣬲κˣ
ܿҶҶʩ˰ɣҲԼԸ㣬ѾѰλʩذɣ
ɣܣ
Ҷм֣


1560 ˽
Ҷţ᲻ԼȻĻڷðΣգͨͷͨԼ
ˣֻֿܣһǳֹû֪ͨڶ֣ڵİѾԼʶǸˡ
ҶĲԸǵڶֿܣΪĻζŷڶڰϴѾɹˣλߴȱͼʥӣҲΪƬ˵ߣ
ܴʦ̾˿ƺҶִʮͷ۵ĵҶʩûƭ㣬ҪǵĻ
ۼ˵仰
˵ˣκˣ
ʦ˵ǽǲǶʲôֽţˣ
µҶҲǲܲˣֱӽԼ֪˵ܻкηӦ
ȴɲΪ¶֮ɫʩԲӣҷڵͬѰպܿܳΪ䣬ΪʲôҪʲôֽأ
ʱ˳ֹҶ˵Լڵʦ֪ǵҪڣŵ֮ģǷڲǽ𣿲ǰҲãҲãĹȥǰǾĻǲǸӦûӵնȥһ
˳Ļ£ܴʦһֱյ˫۾Ȼ΢΢ſһ죬ҫ۵Ľⱬ˳ϣʱоһޱȺصѹƵò˳㳤һ
ҶȻû˵ʼעžܣ˿̿һĻһ˳ʲôΣգǰʱ򣬺Ȼܵȴ¶һ˿ЦʩȻӵ˻۸뿪ҷڵһʧ
һ仰˵˳Ȼ֪Լܹӷߣռ߳ɣܵ˼ƺҪԼ֮С
ʱѾ˳ֹҲգǼһ棬նֹȥ˵Ƿ֮
ֹתˣҶҲĬʱǵѾûǰôΪ˼ţѾϴˣǸβ±ذأ
ֹܿȥһ˻һ°ɫɮ۵У档
Ϥ°ɫɮۣҶۿȻЩ΢΢죬Ϊ֪ǰ
ǰòʣׯϣһ˫ͬǳ貵۾֮У͸⡣
㡭
Ȼ֪ѾǹȥİˣҶȻ޷Լһк˰֡
ȻֻǸոպһ֣ҶȻֹΪǰİûпҶһۣǾĶžܴʦʩһʦ𣿡
Ҷı۾ѾԤϵۿһĻȴȻ޷ܣ⣬Ĳǹȥİˣ
˳˵Ҳ΢΢һԸĽƫƫˡ
ܴʦڰƺر׺ͣƵϾȻ¶һ˿Цݣһһ⼸λʩ͹ȥİһѰΪ˼һ棬ȥ˽ɣ
ǣ
ȻȻӦ˾֮תҶ
ĿԣҶܹĿ˫Ȼ峺Ȼ֮ȴû˰Ϥĸоеֻİ
ҶʮһҶʩ
֪˭㺰ʲô
Ҷû뵽Ȼ֪Լ˭޷ܰԼĳƺȻͰոʶʱ򣬰˳ƺģɽУҶӲðĵƺ
û뵽ʱô֮󣬴ĿУȻٴκԶĳƺ
ҶʩȻѾǰǲ˹ȥļ䣬Ͱͬ㣬ֵܣȻ֪㣡
ĻҶ˳ĬΪʱȻ֪˵ʲô˵ҡ
˳ǰ˼ŰʶӦҲǵǴӷ˽ľɣ
ʩȻǵã
˳仰֮ҲͣΪʧȥ˹ȥļ䣬ôҲܹͨһЩȻȫǵãǸ˵ʲôʲôعȥİأ
ţĿӺǣϹħһһӹ֮ʩʩʩλʶһλʩҲʶ˵һߡ
Ȼʶ˾ħˣҲħĻˣûм
ڰⷬȴɻѣħͷȻ˵ʲôȴͣԹԵ˵һߡ
ʱ򣬰ٴζ˺ʮһʦ˵Ķԣȷʵ˽λʩ·


1561 ȫ
ĻҶ˶ʱɫ䣬Լ·ѵ˵ҪɱԼˣ
ҲԣԼЩͰйϵˣȫˣǲ׵˽
ֻǣҶҲ벻һ죬ȻҪɱԼ
˶Ű˵仰֮ȴƵ֮ɫƺɱҶǣ˵һƽ顣
ٿܣƺѾ֪˽֮ɫͬƽ˫۽գ˵Ŀ⡣
ˣ
Բ۾ָŰıӴȳ
Ļ£ͻȻ͸ɾɱ⣬һָһ⣬һֱ
ﬣ
ؼʱ̣Ҷǰ֮ȻѪⱩǣ֮ȴǳһСһ˿Ѫ
Ҷ֮ǿͬ޵УǰİʵҶߣҲǸߵޣûп˵ҶȻһָȻͶҶ壬ʵٶȣʵ̫ˣ
ɫȥͰȻֵܣǰݼڣΪҶֵͬܣҲѣȻΪԼһ仰ȻҪɱԼ
ҶʱסһָĻɱ
һָδܻҲδٴγ֣˫ֺʲǰ
ִסҶļĵҶÿѾǰˣȻɱңҾͳȫ
Ǳʦ˶̶֮УȻҶȳǶڷߣûʲôøеģټΪޣƢͱңܹ޲̾ͺͰսһ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷҳȫ
˵֮Ҷ󲽶Уٴߵ˰ǰԼ˵ļ򣬽ĶŰ
ȻҶɫƽ֮ȴһɱˡ
ֵܣҶ˭ʼֳͬһһ·չԼ
ΪһԼΣգͲϧԽ磬ðǧգԼΪǰȥȣ
ڣҶȻҲͬǲΣգðҪȳȻû뵽ȴһֳ
Ű֮Ҷ΢΢һЦʲô֣ҵʼվǰҪ·˽֮Ҿͳȫ㣬ҿʼɣ
ƽĿҶ֮ϲޱͻȻ֮䣬̧һƾҶǰ
顱һ죬Ҷֱӱ˳ȥٶȼ죬ںǶȡ
Ҫǣڰ˵Ҫɱ˵£Ȼû뵽Ȼһк򣬾֣
صˤڵϣԼڴĹͷ֮Ȼʹ飬Ҷȴ¶һЦݣһվû˿ԥģٴδߵ˰ǰ

ӦҶȻǰһƣ
飡
Ҷٴη˳ȥǶ˼ġǲмͷˣ
ȫҲҶǿˣһƾɥڴˡ

˳һȥҪҶȻҶȴƿԼҧվģûô
Ҷٴδߵ˰ǰԾɴЦݵ
ΣҶַ˳ȥ֮ʱһѪ
Ҷ㲻ȥˡ
Ҳվ˳Ҷǰ֮г˵ǡ
ڰʵĺܿ죬ҶȫĻ󾿾˭ʤ˭Ĳ˵
һȫ֣û˿飬һ֣֮ãǼҶǿܿס¡
ûµģûô
Ǽŵ㻹ְ
ҶЦҡҡͷ֪˭Ȼ˵ԼУԶǰ
ΪңϧԽ磬ϧðΣգ˵ȵģҪջȻҪ
Ҷվƹ˺ǣٴŰȥ
ϲޱߵԼǰҶͻȻԺһ⣬貶Ŀâɣڿл۳һɫ棬һ黨΢ЦһŭĿ
ڰĳ֪࣬ܵĺǺ˳ʱɫ䣬Ϊһʩչ࣬˵ޱ
ȻҶſеĽȴЦĸӵĲããֿĳˣ˫棬һȱΪϵһ漵ɱϣڵ㣬һأ

ҶĻȻͬ˵ţһͬʱչ¶࣬Ӧڵݺеʱڣһΰɣ
£ҶҲȻһѪ⣬ѪѪ죬أһɿ񱩵ȷѪ꣬â֮иĿӰ


1562 ѵĿ
Ҷչֳĳ࣬Ҳھ˵ʲô£ϾҶ˾ʱ򣬷߶г֣Ȼ϶Ҳռ˹ҶһЩ
ȻǸܵҶ֮͸ǹɻɱѪԹȵĽʱȴþٴ۾Ĵ¶ɫ
統һμҶͰͬʱչ¶ʱ˾˵˵ྐྵȻԣһһаһһħ
գͺϢķ֮УҶĳһʩչǳѪޱߵȻӲĳ嵭һС
ʼޱİڿҶչֳ֮оȻ΢΢һ˿㵡
Ȼ˿ֻһţҶȴĹ۲쵽ˣһϲҲûȫıϴԣҲбصĿܡ
ʵֱڣҶҲʼռţİӦûڰ֮Уֻ֪Щߣ˵ĻʹЩˣʲôֶΣİ
ڴ֮ǰһû˸飬һֻ֪ˣǸոһŵĴ㵣ȴǸҶϲ˷ܡ
ҶӷɿתţҪܻѱİϺУңҽԼĵ뷨һ˿˿ı¶
һҪǱ˲֪ٽߣʱһ¾ûлˡ
ǾΪʲô˷Ӧ˴㵣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ֣ѵΪѪ֮еӰ쵽˷Ӷðѵ˲䣿
ȻҶǺܿ϶µһܣҲҪŬȥԡ
ǣҶɵȫ߶Ѫ֮ͷѪϢƬ
ͬʱΪ˱ĳЩ˵ĻɣҶȻŲŰȥһߣһ˵ҵһμ棬ĵ˷ӡΪ˵ҵ֮͸һѪ֮ζΪǶˣôأҪɱңǲУԾһˣ
˵Ҳǰ
Ȼƽ˵仰ʱȴĴһɱ꣬ٶеŤ£ͷ޷һ棬ͻȻ֣һֻĳ·ĽɫƣһκݺݵҶ
飡
һƵʵ̫ǿˣҶȻû˿ıݺݻУ嵹ɳȥ㶼ɽҿ˳˼ͬʱ֣˻һȻŲģ׷Եڵء
Ҷڵϣһеĳ඼ҵĻεƺʧǺܿȴƽҶҲѪȪһڵѪɫѾȫʪ͸ɫ԰ףȴԾɴЦݣ˫ҲƽעŰ
㲻ôȥˣģ
ҶˣˣҲ䲻ˣ
ҶְɣѾǰˣ
˳ǣϹҲ޷̣׷Ȱ˵Ҷ
Ҷ˫ֳŵ棬ѵվȻЦŵǸҲսİΪ˾ҲϧԼİĻȱȴּİͬҵĸһ
ղŰеı꣬ҶȻҲˣϣܹİѡ
ֻҪôԼˣҲֵˣ
Ϊ˾ԼԼγΪ˾أ
ңԼѾ֪˷࣬ԲܸĴۣԼҲĿŰΪΪṩġʳ
˿̵Ҷ˼أڵĹͷ˲֪٣֮϶ǱǲǧٿףǿѾˡ
ǼȻǿӲĽҪԼ˳ȫƿȻԼŲǣһһĵģһεļŰȥ
ҶıӰ˳Ľֽճȭ֮УһѾֻ۴Сĺɽ
ǸղҶƿʱĵģ˳ܲףҶıű֮ˣĲԼˣԽɽ͵͵ĽԼ
Ҫô˽ɽȻ취ߣҪôԺɽΪסԼ˵
Ҷڼѵߵ˰ǰϴЦողŵΣӦһεķɳȥˡ
ΣȻѾ̧𣬵ȴ΢΢Ĳ˫֮оȻ¶һֲ̣Ȼԥˣ


1563 ϣ
Ҷľҵţһ˵ĻΪԼѰ
ȻҶһ˿ϣʱ򣬾ܴʦȴͻȻ𣺡˽㻹û
һ仰еĲ̣˲ʧһ̣ѾһεӡҶǰ
ۣ
ҶֱһѪ˰һͷһͬʱԼҲյ˳ȥ

Ҷ
ӰҶĵطƴȫס
Ҷ˫۽գ絭𣬿ڱ֮ϢȫޣͷѾȫֹ֮סѪͷϵĳҲڳʧˡһһɫĴȴȡ֮Ҷڳͷ
䶦
ʵ䶦ҪˣȻ䶦ΪзӡʥĹϵأҶٻÿҶΣյʱ֣Ҷ
ΪģΪ䶦һѪ۶µѪҶΪѪˣѪ֮о˶ĴУԣϣҶǹ䶦ˣ䲻
ղҶվʱ򣬹䶦ͲҶѪ˥ˣ˿ҪֱȴҶǿиסˣ
ڣ䶦ȻڳȴһʱҶѾû˿Ϣ

˳ƲͳŵҩҶУȻҩڼȴ޷ҶڣƵ˳òǿԼƶҩ֮
ҩϹָҶ֣
ʲôãǳεҩҲԭҶһʥֻǸҩģȻе棬ڵཫҩΪһҪһʱ䡣
Ҷڵƣ𲻵κεá

ǶȻһХȻת̱֮鲼ɫף˫֮ʵʰĺɫâ˰
ȻǺͰҲǺѣںǵҶֵܣҶ˳Բ˰㲻УҲҪΪҶָ˵
ȻǿӣȻסˡ
ΪҶһѪȫ˰ϣһѪһ
ڣעҶǴһھҵĲϵɫȻƽǼȴ΢΢鴤˫֮УǻѪҶѪʵϣѪᣡ
ǰǷ絭ᣬҪ·İڰֳ״̬ʵ̫ѰǴʢŭ֮µĺҲܲĳ
һ֮󣬺ǾҪǰȻʱ˳ȴǽסǣס֣ϧΪۣΪ˻Ѱںòװ㲻Ҫȫ
˳ҧأݷмЩ֣ĴȻ֪ҶĿģԾܶڵİҲޣǣȴܲסǣΪܹðİҶϣ
ǵĽŲѾ˳ȥȴΪ˳ⷬͣǸߴҲ΢΢ŵҪȥҶ𣬻Ҫ˳ĻҶʵԸ
ʱ򣬾ٴοڣλʣٽء
ǣ
ߵߣǻȥɣ
ȴǸûǵĻһԾɻעҶϸĻܿ˿оȻ¶һʹͻںޣ
ˣֱӽأ
žһ£λȻֱץס˰֫Ȼ뽫̧ȥ
Ȼͬʱ֮£Ȼְ徹Ȼͬڵһ㣬˿
˱˴˶һۣڶԷп˾֮ɫ
𣡡
һȣͬʱþȫڽ̧˵棬һϡƽĶȴѾ˵Ķ˺ˮǸоԼ̧̧һɽ
˫͵˼ޣһ˰ǰֱ̧ͷȥͬʱ߳һȥ
飡
ȾܵһĵͷһⶸȻӰǣݺݵײ˾֮ܵУȻӲĽƸ
һŽĽɫӡ
ܵɫ΢΢һ䣬жȻ⣬Žɫ˹ȥ
ͻȻžһ촫ǿŽɫӵ澹ȻһƣʱһɴĺȻ֮֮Ʈγһ֣档
ţһССĽɫӽɫӵѷ֮ۿɼٶ˳һڲϵĳ󣬳ֱһڴϸС泤˽ɫҶÿһƬҶ֮ϣȻĳ·۶ɵͼ
ϸȥЩͼȻһķ


1564 
ͷϵĽɫӣĳ壬Ȼ˿һ磬ҳһСƬҶҶ֮·۳ڷͼ
ǣÿһ״ͱ鶼һеЦеĿޣеŭеı
̬ͬһ
ͬʱƬϿգͻȻ˵ׯϵо֮콵ǧʣ֮иֳõķӰ
ȻЩ̬ҲǸͬȴ泯ͷǿýɫС˫ֺʲ
ڣ
ܴʦ˵ĸ֣鲻Խһ󲽣˺Ͱ֮ľ롣
ڣֻҪԷ΢е˽ˣ֪ʱ˿̣ڰͷǿýɫСǷΪ֮
ԣķ棬ġ
ĳȻһŽɫӣ֦ɢҶһýɫ𳯰ݣ
ʱİϵȴƽͣɫɫĹâͬˮһ㣬ϵϴˢ壬ϵѪɫȥԭĿ
˫ҲѾʮƽƽķǰ˫Ŀ΢գɫȻдʡ
˶סˣǶʱ˲ˣ֪Ҷˡ
ȻʱڳݽɫͻȻı˷򣬲ٶǶҶͬǺʮΪ񣬲ÿ϶ͷųһɫ⣬Ҷڡ
Ҷߵ˳ˣܴЩɫ֮Уоһů⣬һͣһֱ˵ĴȱںǺɫĿ׶ڲ֪ʧ»ָԭеıҲǵȻ޴档
ķհ
ڵϺзһԴĵļź˷Ҷ֮⣬ȴûκܹ
ԽԽĽɫҶڣҶ彥˳ǵƣ˿УŨѪʼɢǶѵĹͷȻʼӣ֮ϲһĿʼ䣬˿֮ۿɼٶϡ
¡
ͻȻ֮жȻһţ޴ƾճ֣һһҶ
ˣ
ҶͷĹ䶦Ȼ˾𶯣һ޾ĺɫâڿоȻ۳һֻ޴ĺɫڹ꣬ȻƺͷԸֵ̧ͬʱͺȴǲֱſڵء
ʥ䣡
ǲ
Ҷǵִ磬ݺݵĹ֮ϣһŨĺɫâ
ʱ̧ͬһСɽһԴȻĿһգſͣ촽䶯ƺ˵һʲôȴûκ
ͬʱͷϵǿýɫ趯ÿһƬҶ϶ɢһ⣬סǵ磬֮С
¡¡
ͻȻܼһǴ֮ðһʼһɿ񱩵ͬߣȻ˿ЩõķӰ
޴磬˷˺˳գ
ȻҲٵķӰȻɺ¡죬ڲϾۼͬǵĩһ㡣
Ȼ֮䣬ͻȻ۾֮䣬ȻѾҶǰһѱס壬˳˱һɽҴ뿪
һıʣȫ˳˵ϣһҲͬһ㣬Ƕе㲻ˡ
ȴǡôǵԺ֮ը죬ÿ˶˹˳Ҳ˲ȥѯʣΪʲô֪ɽ֪ɽԼϵ飬æѾӳ˺ɽ
ɽ֮⣬ֱӽ˳ȫУһ̣ȻֱӾ˰ͷɢԪסбŵҶ
ڰҶͷϣȻʥӰʥ䶦ɫͺɽ
κ˿һĻ¶ҪԼ۾Ҫ¶ļʣⶼĴڰЩܹ޼ɣ
Ȼ˿̰ɫȴǼΪأȻԲѵҶ̧ͷ֮ϲϾۼױ𶼸ѾûжɻĿˣڵҲǵĶ֣ຣޱ߻ͷǰһ죬һٴλȫȣ
˵֮ⷬ󣬰Ҷתɽ֮ȥʼմ״̬µľܴʦѹһѵҪѳΥҷ𣿡
ͣΣعͷĿƵĿžܴܵʦִܷôܿ͸ƬɣվģǷ㾴ģҷ㣬Ҳǰ


1565 
˵仰֮󣬰תͷҲصԶȥͬʱǲϾۼױȻ۳һֻ֣ȻŰץ˹ȥ
ֻƵǵأѹѹһƬ·ȫ֣ռͬƲһŤһκ˶Ƶĸǡ
ͷǿýɫҡһɫ·ͬˮһ㣬ɿӿ۳ɽɫˣһһĳſеֻײȥ
䣡
һ촫һɲ֪ǿӿĽ뵽֮Уֻױ۶ɵƣȻʵ廯һֻһ㣬
֮󣬿Կһͬ档
һĻţ̾˿֮
ɽ䶦Ӱɫͬʱ𶯣Ԫˮ֮ʥ֮֮һ𣬼ֻɫƳȥ
ͻȻһ޴Ļ壬ָ·ƣƣƣˮƣƣͬٻʢһ㣬εţϵײŽɫơ
һĻʢһĻǧҲһʢ
±ɫ޹⣡
Ȼֻɫݷڴʵ֮ǿ˼֮ң·ΰ޷赲Ƭ̣ȫ׷飬Ρ
ƴѹһе˰ͷ֮ϡ
䶦׵ӭ˴֡
顱һˮʥ䶦ֱӱķɣ
ţӰͻȻСԴ֫ȫ֮У赲֡
飡
ִݿ࣬һڹ֮ϣ䷢һ̳ƣȻըʧ֮С
ǺɽԪӿգҪĺ֮赲֡
ȷٶȹȻܵӰ죬˿УȻֻһ˲֮䣬ԪȻըּ̽£һģɽҲķɡ
ֻʣ½ɫڿ֮зҡҷƬҶϵķͷųޱ߽⣬źо֮ûһͬ˳ĲȻھŬ赲ɫƵ¡
̵УҶʼ˫Ŀֱǰʩչ˼ޣеֻƣ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȻѾλ֮ǵĳ֮⣬¾ʴ
ֻҪ˲Ϣʱ䣬Ǿܳ
ֻϧѹ£ҲʱɢƬҶήҲ˰壬ҲǸͬܣһѪ
ʱľͷֻһ֮ң
ֻǣһ֮ңͬһ㣬ƾŬ޷ǰһѾͷ֮ϣһǿѹ¡
ھ޴ѹ֮£嶼ʼҡҡλΣеѪȫ޷ֹסͣӿڹͷҲѹȻԾҧأлԵҶ
ʱжȻһׯϵຣޱߣͷǰ
ֻˣڴģھϣһһеĸ߸ϣҲһ޷ܵϡ
ۣ
һѪʵ¶һ˿ЦĵǰǿຣĻԸຣҲԸصİϡ
һ֮г˱֮ɫ߻۸ˣʵףʵǲԸɱԲſģһᣬպǰ;޿ȡ֮ҵλãΪƫƫҪִԲأ
ִԲ㣡侲վıֱĵѶħȴΪԼǷΪһ֮ɱ£ħǵûʸ룡
Ƭ̣ͻȻһЦɱ£ЦЦɱ˭ˣòָڷ֮µôڵӰɣ˰ƽķ֮Уţǣоʱʱӣģɱ֮˵
һŭסڣ㲻ýƱˣ֪㲻Ҫҵ꣬Ҫҵ壬㣬Ҿ˽һУҲԲõ㲻óˣ
㲻;ԽԽԸɻɣ
Ż£ֻʼڰͷĽɫƣŰץ˹
ߣ
ȻһĽбŵҶ˳ȥ֪ԼӲˣǾԲҶԼ
һߣ
أʼմڻ״̬ҶͻȻڣѾҪʴͷ嶸Ȼڿͣס˫⣡
ˡһɽ͹䶦Ҳȫ˻䶦ûҶڣɽͷųԪҶ
Ҷվֱ壬ͻȻһ磬ڣ


1566 ӳ
ʾͷһݵϺУ˾ţһһÿһ֮Ͼͻһֽ⡣
ʦ
ŵĿǸԼ߹ϺС
ҽ
ʦݵ֮ϣɣͬһĽ޺ͬʱüѿɫС˳֣գͬһг࣬࣬գգգգգգԿգ
֣⣬ȴûгֻѾסĽɫƣǷֱ
£
ġա֣ڶ֮λϣͬʱҶ۶̫ͼ˫ۣ֮һ壬һȥξֱ֣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ľͽֲʱλе̫ͼҲڰֹâھǰ˵Ȼڿн㵽һ
¡
һ촫رɫӿâѤã˵֮һΪ΢ġꡱ죬һͬ˿ϸѷȻڿг֡
ߣ
ѷ֣һ߶ȻֻסĽɫƣʱȻ˿һ⣬ϣѷ֮
Ҷ磬һѾܶİȻſеʦ磬ߣ
ʦһȦܣ¶һ˿֮ɫٵ͵͵һ֮һ͵ҶߣҲһֻȥס˰ֱۣҶһ𣬴ŰȻʴľͷ
ꡱһһֽ˺ѿӰƾյҶˡ
˸վʱ䶼ûУͬʱͻͷȥֻԾǰҶʱƬûκĻԭǿ޴дšֵʯ
ֻǣǻԭʯȻ΢΢ǵһ㣬Ҷ֮£ܹԭϿգݺύһ˿ϸѷ죬Լٶȣɿš
ͨһҶԵڵأɽ֮йâ˸˳ˣͬСȫ˳

Ҷ

ʦ
Ƕˣ˷׷׾гæ˹ȥȴûǰֱҶʦ
Լֳŵ棬˿˶ԴԼ̬ȣǿҶԲ𣡡
ҶͻȻЦװףҾȻܹҵǸ
ҶȻҲ¶΢ЦͬЦ
˴˿̵ĴЦȷǷĵĳ죬ʦҲ¶΢ЦС˾š
ڣҶЦͣ£ͻȻ˰һȭӭ
Ҳͣס˴ЦԾɴЦݣĵ˵ͷǻã
ʱ򣬺ȻС𣺡Ҷ磬ÿ£Ǻɫй
Ӻɽ뿪֮СݾһֱֱĶƬԭΪżҶǵİΣҲûȥ˿仰ʦͰ˵ж¶˾֮ɫ
ҶȴǺȣСݵһ˫۾ֱԼۻҪܹ͸һԴ˿Ƭ˿ֻͨԭķСݵУȴǻԭӡ
СݣҶ
Сϴһ˿η壬æܵҶߣҶһСݱȻ˵ȻӳˣǻǾԶԷ⡣
Ȼû飬һ˻ţ˳Բóһռ䴫󷨣һһ롣
ҶСһ߽ȥ󷨵һɲǣͻȻһżú汾СŮͰ֮󣬱ǵģ
ҶȻͷȻʲôûУȴһ٣ٿæӿŲߵ󷨵ĺλã󷨵뿪ı߽硣
Խռ֮źֱͣʱݷǺľڵһһ˵ϡ
ò˵ڷһУÿ˵жһصѹָУɹԶ룬ƣ
ҶͰҲ۾ʼˣֻʦעҶԱߣĴΧСݡ
Сע⵽ʦĿ⣬¶һֺõЦݣĽеүүã
ʦȻ֪С˭СݾȻܹһ˫ۣʵԾ
ˣʦȻһӵҪʣҲҴҶ˵ˣֻĵһԣĵȴš


1567 ط
ȻҶǵĳɫ𳯰ݵʱ򣬾ԴķҶƺ˴룬ƷȰҪᡣ
ҶͰȺȻҲΧ۵һʦҲ⣬׼ǽ¼ľ
ȴǲûżڣüѿ˳֣ſͣ³һŻ
Żֱ̯Ҷϣһſȥͨɽˮ
ȥһŻȴҶ˫ֶ΢΢Ǻ˳ڴ˿ҲȫͣıųĬ
Ψһ׵ľֻħСˣ벻ͨΪʲôҶ˻һ¶˽ŵɫ
΢΢һЦ걻ѹƵʱҲûнŻó
򵥵һ仰У̺ͼѣҶһ
³һҶЦſ˵ǽİɣ
˷Ӧһɾ޴Ѿӻϴûκοܵģȫ˻硣
һħСݣ˺棬̵ɴ۾ܵķ羰
Ҷȴ嶼ѾӲͬһɽһһΪĿԿԶӰ򶯻򾲣ȻһΪгĺ
һ峺̶ˮԱߣһŮˮһİȹ΢֮Ʈûб飬ĬĬĳźˮȴһ˿ɢ֮ȥĵˡ
ŮӣܵľѾȫΪһ壬ͬͬһһ
ȻŮ̫ڸûз֮ͻȻˡ
ѿͣŮӴ󺰳ȻǺ˳ͬʱһ֣һצס͡
ŮӵһֻȶһͷɣȻԴȴȻŮҪ߳һأ׳˶֮ϲɫĳë󱳵ļϸ³һͬаĹǴ̡
ֻ޵ԴϣſһֻƴСޣں˯Ǵ﷢ġ
ֻ޿еʨӣ֫צǽɫǺɫͷ϶һ֧ĶǣԴޱȣֺģ˯ŵʵǺ̬䡣
ۡһƽ̶ˮ֮ϺȻһ˶ͷֻɫһһͬУų
ȻһżŭŮˮ̶ϵһС𣺡С죬Ҹ˵˶ٴˣس֮ʶˣ
ţһΨΨŵŵкùãңңϲֱӶ֣س̫鷳ˣɲԲѧ
ðҿǳĿس㣬ʦô˵ߺߣҾʦúù̹ܽܽ㣬
еӰŶеҶ¶һ˿ЦݣӲҲɳ˽Ų
ҶһһǸˮߵŮ˹ȥߵĺȴغأÿһ̤£ڵӡһӡ
ҶҪߵŮߵʱֻſڹԴϵСͻȻһ۾˲վſͣԣҶŵҶζˣ
һУأֱ綼΢΢ȻҲǷ
ȹŮӻȻתǳ⼸䣬ȻгһӰһ˼ĺӰ
Բ磬ˣ
£ҶѾȥĽȹŮӵ˻У
Ůӵ΢΢ţȻҶؿڣܹҶȴƻõı飬ƺԼ۾ԼĶ䣬ڳɵ
Ƭ֮ͬһع˫ֶȻıסҶ壬ʱ֪ԼΣԼ˼ĺˣľվԼǰ§Լ
һ̣
ͬʱֻͬһĹҲ۾ڳһµŮ˺һʮк˿Ҷ϶¶ϲ֮ɫ
кӣſͣʦ
ȡֳѾԱߵŮӸסȻȥҲӲ˻
ŽӵˣŮӵҲ档
зֻߣѾҶͷϵķɿȻΪ˷ܣԶ߹ͰˣͻȻתһ¾ͳ˹ȥֱ˰ļ֮ϡ
ڸոֻԵСޣζԼĴԴֵ֮¶˷֮ɫֱҶĽ£ſͣҶĿҧȥ
ȻҧҶһֻȴǴץסԴ
Сҡͷԣдţǳݣš
һֻסͣ


1568 
ȻҶ§ڻеİȹŮӣĪ磬ֻһĹ޾Ǻͺͬħ޽ǳݣǳץеľǺóԵСԣſڰϵǺССڣгģǳ幬Ҷͽܣս죡
Ƕڻ磬ڰ˳ı֮£˻죬֮󣬱˵Ҷˣ˳Ҳûм
£޷뿪磬ֻܾһֱڻ簲š
ڣ죬Ҷˣ
Ƕµģʱ򶼲ȥҶĪ磬һԵȸ½ʱΪɾµķޣʵȴǾ࣬һۣѾδ
ʱ䣬ʿ˵ҲֻǺ̵ܶһʱ䣬Ƕڶķ˵һղ
Ҷõ㣬ûпʱ䣬ÿʱÿ̶Ϊ鱼ԵǶĪ˵ôʱÿһӵĵȴһּ尾
˾ӵһ˭Ҳûп˵ѵõط֮ϲ
ʱʤ
ڣĪе㲻˼ȴҶĻ̧ͷעҶȻ֣ĸҶ
ҶͬҲעĪ磬Цݡ
ȻС˽ǳݵƣĵȿȣǳݣţҶкóԵģҳԣ
СԵĻȻܰľףȴҲǵ̿Ц
ҶתǣĪ֣㣬ԼСԣЦҡҡͷ㰡ôôóԣ
˵˵ҶСҲĴ󷽣һ˦ȥϰٿʯСԶʱ۷Ź⣬һţͬɨҶһ㣬ȻһھͽеʯȥȻ»ص˽ǳݵԴſ
ʦ
սҲ˹嵽Ҷǰͨһڵأİȥ

Ҷһ֣ͽսһĵ˵ͷ
ȻҶûн̹սʲôս˴ʥսĴУȻԼйսڻڣ޲ꡣû˿иټйλ˾ĸһָʵͻͽҲԶͬˡ
ţҲ˹ЦеĿҶҶҲǶһҾ׵лˣ
ûôô˵ˣлʲô
ллָⶼӦ飬ˣ
岻սϸҪĪ磬ǳݺССҲŹʱĵָǵ
˳˶˹һһкʱ
ˮ̶ΧһȦҶʼնĪ֣ƺһֻ֣ʧȥһĪȻҸҶļͷﶼѹֲסЦ⡣
ҶҲϻֱӽ⣬ȷѾû𣿡
ͷǿѪڵǸ嵭Ҳܳû˳ղţѾǸ곹ˡ
ҶѪĪ̽ս͹ҲǺĿ˹ҶЦĪֵõģڲǺúõ𣡡
ҶҲ򵥵ĽͰ֮Ĵս˵˳
Ȼ˳˶Ǵ˿Ҷ˵Ȼⲻһĺ£Ϊֻһ㣬ҶͿıˡ
ʱȻûȥְΪ˭֪ڰܣϾʼսҶܵܰ㿴Ҷѹ϶ҲԼȥҶ
ˣȥˣ²ˡҶڵڷʲô飬ϸ˵˵ɣ
ͷʼ
˳ɹ٣֮Ϊ̫أ˻ԣܵ˾֮󣬾Ĳ˷е㲻ԾǵԼʵȻ˷ӡ֮ȻӿԿ϶Żں˳ʱ򣬼˳һߡ
ԼһûΪߣ𣬶ԷͼЩѾ˻ɣûŪ֮ǰȻ뿪
ǣ˷Ǹʱʼܾʹϴԡ
ˣʵȴҪһǿ֮УȻֿͬʱҲĵŬָΪ
ڣָΪҲͨҶͺǵΣգԲϧðʩչͨȻҶȻþܵлɳãǸռ塣
Լ꣬ǱǸѹƣԽԽΪԼ϶ڽӣɣû뵽Ҷʱˡ
ԣҶǸ˸ǰһ꣬ҶһѪ嵭ǸԼռ塣
Ҷ˳ǴŭټͲǵֻ֪ȱķߣɱ죬ʢŭ֮£Ȼóʵ
ֻɫֵˣ˭
ʳ仰ʦ˶е𾪵ǣ⣬ҶͰ˵ϣȻ¶һ˿־֮ɫ


1569 زٷ
˳Ϊһ뵽˺ɽ֮УԲûмֻɫƣǴ˿̿ҶͰ˾Ȼͬʱ¶־֮ɫвɵһ
ʲôĴڣȻǶе־壡
ҶǸĿ־壬뿪߽ʱֻһǾ仰
ڰĿ־Ϊڷôʱ䣬һǿռ֮ӦǲһЩʲô顣
˱˴˶һۺҶȿڽλϺе˵˳һ꣬ǰʦоΪλϺеľе塣
ĻشǸϺ˵Ĳ࣬ȻҲǸӦ˷֮дڵһҸһ֪ƿطǹڶԷȴһ֪
ҶŰĲƺ֪Щʲôû˵ǼȻ˵ҶҲûмʡ
ʦʦôͻȻ
Ҷ֮ͨڷһѣʱɹ٣ڹؼʱ̽뵽˷ʶң˲䲼̫Ҫֻϧֻ˺һѷ졣
ʦŵһ̤ϷͲһɹϢȻֻƵҲע⵽ңڵʱȫԸûйңҾ֪ͨܣҲó˼򵥵̫Žҵ˳
˵ɣϸ룬ʵ˵ոնϵһ֮䣬΢ĻĻȫû˭Ҳ뿪
ĬƬ̺ҶٴοҴӦλϺУ취Ʒԣ׼ʲôһҪҡ
ܲҶⷬ˼Цŵͷģʱһ׼ȥԸϾǹ̫󣬸ڵܿģٵȵȰɣˣҶ㻹û˵֮ľأǶ֪
ǰ˻⣬ĪҲȷ֪Ҷڻߵġ
ЩԼҪˣ׵ֵܣҶȻκϸϸĽԼľ˵һ顣
Ȼ֮Ѿ֪˳˶ǳĬΪܶ鶼󳬳ǵĪ磬Щ˼ֱͬһ˼
ˣλҲʱˣڣҴǻڻļң
ѪʦҲǿҵĺ棬ϾҲѪһŵĵӣȻû顣
زٷ·ϣҶʱǴڻ磬Ī磬ʱҲúɽĪǣڲǳܴ֮ѹ£ʱ뿪磬ʶһ»
·̣ҶûκεϢûκε飬úĪ磬ֲһЩΡ
ĪҲķǳģʵںδ˵ûʲôֻͬҪҶߣ֪ˡ
֮һ·̣˵Ƿ޶˹⣬ܰһʱ䣡
ٳ·Ҳнʱ֮˾ѾƽĻص˲ٷ壬ǼԸķ񹥻ˣ
Ҷɱҵ飬Ѿ죬Ϊˣ۹ѾֱӰ˺ܾδټڵĸͬѪ
۹ֻǵҶǰѪ
Ȼ۹ȷѾʽ΢ǵӰʵȻСƣ̶̵ʱ֮ڣ˵Ѿټ˴ˣĿǰ۹ڣʱ̴׼򲢵ٷ塣
ˣҶ˻֮󣬼򵥵Ϊ˽һԾͶ뵽æµ׼֮С
ʦΪѪһǿߣΪʦʵʵͿԶ٣ΪˣΪѹħʼս֮ѹΪֱڣ˻졣
ϴ֮ʦʵҲֱֱԾǿ֮УȻҲ˳µĳΪõ
ĿǰѪ֮У֮Ѿöֻ֮λȻȱ
ȻûбʾҪѪڶʱǲ뿪֮ѪʵҲѸٵ
ҶʱҲ׼뿪Ͼɽβһ٣ѪҪиȫ׼
ڴ֮ǰҪȰźĪǡ
Ī缸˵ΪҲǸͬߵǽǳݺ͹壬֮ھͻӭ١
սȻСҲѾﵽ鳾ĪľȴǸոմﵽ
ҲģϾĪ粢ûʲô̫ĵطҲûеõĴУһֱǿԼŬŨİܹȡýľҲǼˡ
ڣССںСԣ˵ʵҶǲСںǵʱȴ˫۷Ź⣬Ҫס壬˵רŵķΪʵȻҶͬˡ


1570 ƻ
ӲҪСԺССڣǸҶһ
Ҷ˳ڲٷɽ֮µĺףҲӵأһһ˿Ԫ󷨣Īʱ
ΪĪĿǰǷˣ޷ܻĴ֮ѹȻǺãǸ޷ʯеȣڿʯĵطЧҲԶԶʤ硣
뵽ĪǵδҶҲķޱȣΪΪˣ죬֮٣ôʱǶɽٵʱȻҲǱȷ˽ҪĶ࣬һ㣬Ҷᡣ
ȻǲҶɽʱ̬٣ҲûҶôǿ塣
Щ鶼ǺˣֻһһʱҶƴԼ٣ҲҪ취ƽȹ
⻹һҶĵ飬ǾĪ֮١
ʹĪ磬֪ڻʱ䣬ΪռĲͬԲûκ٣ڼȻ뿪˻磬ôɾͲһˡ
ȻҶҵʦʦȴгĸҶһ֤ػĪߣپܹ⣬ȵҶе֮Ҳ̸ҶһĽ취
ʦ֤Ҷŷ
ת֮䣬ҶǻѾһܵʱˣҲ˳ټٴξۼһ
˵ĿȻȫ˳ϣ˳ȴǿʼЦеյ֣˵ɣ
Ҳƴǣվλ۹Ѿۼ˴ıò˶ãǾͻǣΣҲ˺ģٻļĿǰѾԿ϶óǱ壬乬ͷң
ϢҶȻе𾪣ǲ⣬ǿóļĴҶ֮ѾǳƺȫûлĿˡ
˳յĻ˵ʵȻѪд˵ķӡ˫رͬʱļĻܲܵסҲδ֪ԣΪӦ϶֮ǰȸơ
Ҳ˵ȴ˳˵ȻѾ˴ŵжƻȻܽټ
Ϊޣǵ˷ֿͬʱȥЩҲǲʵģɵǣսڸҲȥ˱򣬹ͱϵϾǶ壬ҵǣȹ壡
˳ҶѾϵ˺ǰȻڱ򣬶ҾĸӦһ£ͳͻ죬ԣǰһΪ˽ӦǷ򸾣кǰʤ˵Ҳһ㡣
Ҷͷ㿴ŰţǶġ
ãλҪסһ£Щһڻڶʱ䣬֮ģҲڵܹҪȫģԣĿǰҪģ˳۹ˣ㲻ǣҲԲǺΪУ
ҵļƻΪȣƱͽ壬˳ˣ۹ĲΣһѡһطóһɱȻΪնһЩɱͻΪȡʱ䣬󣬾Ǻ۹֮׵˶ϡ
ÿ˶˳İ֮£֪ԼӦ뿪ֻʣҶǡ˳ʦ
Ҷüë֪Լ˵Ҫʲô
˳ЦŵһϢʦɽ֮ǰȥݼӰǰ˵ò˶ãҲ졣
ʲôȷһҶʮ־ϲϢӰصʵȻȲǵڻҲ޵еĴڣҲѪ͵绢
Ҷ뵽һ⣺ǰѾɹôٴν죿
ҹʦ
Ѫ簵ҹҹΪ̫֮壬ԱۿΪŵӣ۵Ϥָ֮£Ȼڶ̶̼ʱ֮Ѿﵽ˰֮˾ֻһ֮ң
Ӱؾͻҹɽٵʱ򣬸һػػ졣
һƵĵҶҲиϢ뿪˽ʱѾһ磬ǽӡҡһ㣬ӦòҪȫˣҲ֪йѺĶħޣǵʦеƣвħ޵ʵͿͻƵˣֻӡ֮ѹƣ޷ͻƣȵӡȫһ̣ٺ٣Żкܶħӭ٣졣
ħޣǲʥ޺ϹǿĴڣֻΪǵܸʥޣ⵽һδϴ˽ħȫѺڵħǱȫɱ
ܹ죬кмǣߣԻԥİѪͬԿ۹
˳վϢ˵Ǵǵĵ϶һʱ䣬ԣڱҪܵʱ䣬ȵǰħ֮չ۹ս


1571 ѪĻ
ҹ˾Ҷһվڲٷķ嶥޷ƽͽһȺ뱱ȥԸ̾塣
ʦҪʼˣ
ԴҶѪһ֪гһջӭ;Ĵսֻû뵽һô죡
ʵԭҶһֱɻ󣬾ΪʲôҪƷ죿
ΪȻ۹ǷǳŰ裬ಢûй˳ǵˣҲĺúõģΪʲôѪ֮лô˲Ը˳أ
⣬ҶʹѪвˣڣҲû˿ԻشΪļ䣬ǳ׵ıĨȥˡ
ھ˷֮ԺҶԼееԭ
Ȼ˵֮磬϶ʲô߻󣬵Ŷڷе飬϶вǿ֪ȴûһվѹ۶ͷһַЭ顣
ôɲΪʵϣȥ֮ľ죬ʵҲڽɫƵˣҲһַ˼ķʽΪ˴ﵽԼĿģȻ˵
ַֻʽĿǰΪֹ֪֮ͬһҶȥԸӦͬ嫵֮Ҳ޷Ȼн֮ٷʽ
Ļǿŷ֮Ⱥ˾˭ֲںδ
ھ죬
ҡҡͷҶջԼ˼Щ˵˭ֻҪԼһ·ǰһϵġ
ֻǣԼܷߵһأ
ԼĴսҪ˵£ǲܵģ
ȻҶ֪ԼԴ˴׷ɱ֮ƺѪսǸı׶ҲбˣҲ˵ѪһʦҪӴϵĴͨѨλ
ʵÿ춼𽥵ǰʱȻִͨѨλ
еԭҶ²ΪԼߵǺ˶ͬĴ֮·ȻΪԱ뽫Լĵд֮УһȴǿԼֲͬĵ򣬴ӶﵽʵĿġ
ҲǱҪӸ߼һķʽ
ǼˣҶҲ޷̹ȻԼĴսǵԼǵԼǡ
ϣԼΪԼ;֮Ĵսܵǣϣδս֮С
ȻһӰҶǰôˣ
Ҷÿ֪ǷҶ΢΢һЦе㣬ã˵˵ҵʦǣǲҲĴսζɹģ
ҶûлشҶ⣬ԹԵĵҶѪһţÿ˶ÿ˵ص㣬Ҳò˵һĴ֮·ȷǺ˶ͬڶԿĵ·ϣߵȴʦʦ㣬ħڣȫһ·
˵ҶЦҡҡͷ治֪ôģҲΪˣǲѪһŰɣ
ʲô˼Ҷɵĵѵб·𣿡
ѵûз֣ѪһڶԿʱ򣬻϶Ǵ㿪ʼһĻ׳Լϸ˵ǻҪǿ㣬ǶһĲƸҲѪûǣʵһ̣ȴδù
ʲộ
Ҷȫ˵ˣҪ̵ĻԼѪһΪʲôã
ҶĿҶһۣ³֣Ѫ
Ѫ
Ѫ֮ͽħ쿪ʼΪֹжʱ䣿ʮӦ˰ɣôʱ䣬úܶ˴ͨˣߵľˣǣѵͲ֣ΪʲôѪ֮дӵһھ֮УȻôı˵͵Ķˣ
Ҷסˣƺ뵽ʲôһʱȴץס
ҶŵȻѪû˵ʱǴڼ尾״̬У޷ǵˣ𲽵ı֮󣬾ͿԿʼˣôȥǵľ˶٣
ûΪʲôΪѪ֮û뵽ǵûܵǵʵ˵뵽ˣȴûа취ȥ
˵ʮǵһھеˣ֮ʮ֮һٷ֮һܹΪˣҶҪκƾǣƷһ磡
ҶˣҲ㲻ģҵҲҪˣӦҵһˣʧܣҿܾͻʧˣʱѪ֮еһ𣬳׵ʧ
ǲ
ͻȻһ׳ݺݵ


1572 ǰ
ͻ磬ҶһΪԼģû뵽ȻҶġ
Ҷ㲻ӿѪӲĳһ磬Ȼ𣬵˼֡
û°ɣ
û£ҲǴ֮µĲҸղŵЩй¶Υ˴־ԴҪҳͷҲ˵ˣ˵̫࡭Ҷ˰֣ˣٺúɣЩҴûжѪ֮˵ǵһҲһ
ҶĻ£Ӱ𽥰ֱ͸ʧһĻҶﾹȻӿһɱ롣
ԭѪҲӲʱƣ
ԭѪһĻᣡ
ȻѪⷬٴδҶѹȴлȻʡ
ʵÿѪ֮ȫûҪѪÿ˵ʱޣʵٶǾ˵ģѪ֮κһ˶޷׷ϵģҲ͵ʵϸ޷Ѫ
ͬҶ˵һֱѪҲһֱܵĸʱ䣬Ƕ̶ʮʱ䣬Լʹӷ˳ΪˣҼҪﵽ۷ˣѪеЩˣûκܹٶȡ
Ҷڻ죬ܽѪֻһˣһھ˸뿪Ѫ
˵ܷӳʵҵʵǵٶȣ׷ңҴȫʯʯԶԶ
˷ҶһҶƽȷԼűɽ֪ԼӵеܹԶԶѹ۹ЩˣõĻʲô
Ҷҹҵ˳ʦԼϼеʯ˳֮ڲٷʼտõħ۹Уóһ֮ܿѹͬʱҲܾۼľ
ͱȷ˽ҪǿĶ࣬ԣ÷˽ʿڻܵõĺôٶȣҪԶԶ˽硣
㣬ԭס񣬱ǬǬϾܿ
Ҷ˻ʱ䣬ϣҶҲӵһھеˣѡ˼ͻƻʽϺõһˣǰ֮С
һˣ֮࣬Ȱ˵һھ죬ҲǣҦɽȺҶʶˡ
ͻȻ뿪Ѫڻ죬Щ˾ϲֵͬʱҲΪҶʲô⡣
ʲôҪܣʲôҪ룬ҪģҲ뾡һа취ΪṩΪÿ»ῼһǵʵȻ֮ʵļˣһЩ쵤λ죬ˣ
ÿ¾ͿһΣʵ죬ʵǿļˣ쵤˵ʵһĪջ
ڳĬƬ֮ͻȻˢˢĹڵأͬĵлħ۴ˣ
ҶǵĴΰݣͷˣϻ˵ˣλھͿʼɣڴţһܺλս
Ҷ˳õķΪЩ˽ʼոҶǰڶ죬죬ԱҪ̼ǣǣǿٵʵҲڻĴսָˣ죬죬·ϣǲŻҶ̣
æһ֮ҶʹһȺ˴Ҵ뿪ˣʵǰǾ͸öˣΪ˲ô죬Ҷȴǲ֮ǰ̹Ȼԣϣ
ʦʦû£ԼҲѪһŵʹԼսᣡ
һΣҶһԾˣֻ˳ûΪҪΪڶƻ׼Ȼǰˡ
Ƶۣзħȫ룡
Ȼǹס֮أУǿľǽ壬ͺ塣
壬ҶҲİˣȻûʽ֣ѾΣ׷ɱһУû۹룬˫֮ҲƲ
ɵǣΪ˺۹ˣȻҪڽھһʦᣬһЩڱ壬˲μӣȻʹӽǰ۹
ȻʦҶǵĿ꣡
Ϊ˸ʱ䣬һ·֮ϣһ˶ֱԴͣĴԽǾ˳󷨣ֻҪ˷һԿԴԽҪʯΪġ
Ĵ󷨣ҲֻΪƷʦҶܹõˡ
ˣһҲʮ֮󣬲Ž뵽˱򣬰֮ǰ뷨ȥѰҺ£Ϊʱ䣬ѩҲ⼸콫졣
ԸΥǸոմһռгʱ̾һ֮ʲôˣȻⴳҽأ


1573 
ͻȻ˶һû뵽ȻֱӾ˽أѾǾȵʱӭеˡ
ȻûҶڣѾɫȻһ䣬˳Ҷ
ҶףԼһ˵ԴӸ˷ҳش֮Ѿ൱ˣЩԼڵжˣ㲻֪Լĳ࣬ҲϳԼ
˵ҶΪ˶Ը壬󣬶ûиıòǣϹ飬ħǸʮױϡ
΢΢һЦҶһһҶҵѡ
˲˵ʵȻǶ׼˶ԸҶίʵûϵҶȻôö֮ء
ʲô
һСĿʵçײ֪ҶһЩ¼һ֮оԵǿߣֺ飬ҷȻǰȥΧɱ󷴶ȫ̬ԲΡ
Ҷƽĵûʲôűʦᣬ棬صظϹ⣬ҵļλֵܳ죬ܵһЩ˵ġ˳ǵл
Ǻ˸죬ͱ׷ɱҶ˵ʲôҲҪǱˡ
ʱɵҲ֪ҶΪҲִ£ȻǼѲɽĵܾģֻһߴҶǰ᳡һ˸Ͻȥ֪ͨ峤
Ҷȴװ֪һ;²ܵķ羰
Ϊ֮ףأҲͷ羰֮أΧççȺɽ֮ϣŸָͤ¥̨
Ⱥɽһɽȣɽ֮Уһ̲죬СȵĺͬһſһǶڴ֮ϣӨ貣ԡ
屾Ϊ󸣬ϲˮԵɼ
ʦɽоУҶǵĺܼʱǴٿ֮գԽ컹½Ӹظ
ȿ֮ӴǼλˣһʵǿҶһ˵ʱȻҲо¶ȴǰЦ
ȻҶȻ帹صΪǿѰ·ǵû裬Ҷ롣
ҶıӰһ󺰣ѪҶ
˽ɽȣûͨȻҶȴõ˸ߵĴɲʲô¡
˵ɤż󣬱ַǷɽȶʱ󲿷˶ڻԼǲˣĵ̣ҲʦᣬΪľǶԸҶȻҶھȻԼˣ
Ŀⶼÿһ˿Ҷ϶¶ɫҶɫЦݡ
ৡһһӰҶǵǰһָҶҶģˣ
ˣҶϵЦݸŨˣûϴĻӦڸɣþòëӦóɣ
ڸ꣬˿ĵҶϴΪֳ𣬲ϧ֮սҶȻû뵽ȴҶʧȥ˶̫̫ڣԼԴϵëҶεˡ
¶ڸ˵裬һҶ֣ڸﻹ̵ס̾͸˹
Ҷ£ڸһƬࣺҶû㣬ҿ˭ܱ㲻
ڸΪϴԼʧɡ
ȻΪ˴սҶȻܾڸƣһЦڸ꣬ҪҪϴ֮սʦֳ𣿺ߣˣʵʵڼҴţĴҴģһһֻëڣ
ȻҶȴǶȻһŽ⣬Ϲ黺Ҷҵģ˭ҲҪ
Ϲ飬ڸ¶˲м֮ɫ̫ҲڴţҾɱ㣬ȥɱ̫̫һ峹
ˣ
ϹϵĽⶸȻǣ˷·һ̫ʢŭ֮¾Ҫ֡
֮أ׼⶯䣡
ͻȻһڿ𣬽һֻȴСľֺݺݵϹȥ
ң
ͬʱҶҲһŭͬӳһֻѪɫƣӭֻľ֡
䡱һֻײһ𣬷죬ҶԭزȴǴˡɡһ
顱ضȻһ𶯣һƬ֮¶޷סΣĵһƬ
һӰҶǰЦǽǮ
ҶҲʲôʦܣѪȻҽ壬͵ùԹԵ֮ڽֹ䣬ѷ˹أڳնһֱֻۣҾǣ
¶ݣѻȸǮȻΪҶγպգȻڽǮȻҶϹԶһֱֻۣƺȫûнǷѵ˵ǮıҶҪǿ


1574 ˫ս
ҶͬҲ𾪣ڽǮŵĻŽǮɫ侲ӣŽǮƣҲ˵ԼʵǼĵġ
ȻҶѾǮܶΣڽĶķкĹҶ֪Լ˽Ⲣࡣ
ʵڻһܱ֮Ϊǿߵģߣ
Ҷֵսڸ꣬ǷȻˣʵϵģֻ֪ӻ߼屳ӵܡ
ȻǮΪ֮⣬϶ҲԼʵӵеʵȻҶʱ򣬸Ű裬˿ûнҶ
ܽǮ˶ʵҶȻҲ鲻ĵо仰巢֮ĸһˣТ֮ʼҲ˵һֱֻˣһͷĵ䣬ҲǶԸĸТˣҲˣǽЩҲûá
Ҷ仰˵֮ɽ֮мžĿ£ȻڳôˣȷˣҶԴб̬ȣȴǶܸоĳ
һ࣬ۼĵطָıǲˣΪơ
˵޲Ⱥ֮Ҷ˺ƬҶһ侲ӣȴû˸ҳ嶯ǰ
ǮЦˣͶֵ˶Ҷˣˣ춼㣬ֻ蹷һҧˣǲڱ֮ǰ汳ģĻҳȫ㣬Ҿ㣡
ⷬҶжʱȻԼѾӹ׷ɱ£ĿǰΪֹ绹û֪ǵУԼȻ޷õƣֲǸ޿ˡ
Ҷ¶ЦƢǲСȻˣǾҿҵģ
仰˾ҪˣǮҲͷе㵨ʶҲһط
㣡
ɽһ֪ǽҪأҪĻƴս֮Ҳɷ棬ǮȻˡ
ҶͽǮĵڿնɽ֮еҲȫ˹ȥ˭Ҳһս
ǮȻΪȴ˿֣ǽȴΪ˷Źԣ¶һǽǮĶ֡
Ҷ¼ʵ̫ˣÿһóǺ䶯ģǲǰոմɱҵ飬˿ڿഫš
֮Ĵսǣ͹ϵҲǴ۸ӣһǿߣһ֣һ۹ˣһ۹ΪУⳡսʤҲ⡣
ϹȻڸڸ꣬ɸһս
ڸЦ̫ǲм㽻ֵģȻҶѣɱ㣬ҲҪһϢҾͳȫ㡣
ߣ
ϹһߣͷߣڸȻ档
ҶͽǮ֮ĴսϹڸսȻȥˣ˽֮⣬ֻаҲȥˡ
ȻҶҪ󣬶ϹʵģĽ壬һԷֶԸϹ飬ϹΣգðӦһ¡
ҶͽǮһɽ֮վΧǧΧۣǰģ϶Ǹ֮еˣҲݵλͽǮ൱ģŮ÷ȻʥŮ
ȻҲһЩϼһȺ֮УһΪ˱ǮһȻҲҪҶѹ
ĵϻҰʵ̫ûнˡ
ʱʱ֣֮սڽǮϣʹżֽɫƤͬƽһ㣬Ȼò㲻Ӣο࣬Ҳһʡ
ٿҶȻڶ廷֮£嶼֪첻ҶӮ䣬ٰȻ뿪أҶȴȻƽվԵħҲޱ顣
ǮҲϻֱӳһɫĳ֮ϣȻ˿˿ɫⷢɢһͲǷƷ
Ҷȴǳֿȭƽͷ˿ڷ衣
ҶǿͲʲôˣԳǶԼͬżĵģû˻׼Ҷಫ
ͳһ㣬ҲܿǮçײ֮ˡ
ƺ˭Ҳȶ֣˴˾վǴɢսȴǺɢȥǶΪĵĽһ˲ѹ鲻ԽıͣסˣܾȻһ־Լž״̬
ǵΧƺѾʧеֻǾս⣡


1575 
治һе̳δ֣ͬʱͷųǿս⣬һǿҲ˰ɣ
ǰҶǿҲˣû뵽ǮȻز¶ƾս⣬ʵҲκһλǿߡ
ͻȻǮеĽ𽣻ٶȲ죬һȥȻ˸еǣڽĹ̵УԭƵ֮ϾȻһƴ˷ٵ۶
ͻЩ֪Ī̲סʼСۡ
⣬ôһǮѵܲٿش֮
ɵ˰ɣǮǿҲܲٿشֻǺ绽ѡ
ˣɣǮеû´ĻӦƶɣܹиӦտռе֮򵥵˵ȷܹ׵磬ٵ׵Ȼ޷ȡ
¡
֮йȻһ죬ţһϸĽɫ䣬˽ǮеĽ֮ϣΧ˶ĸоΧĿƺ紩ˡ
꣡
һ̣Ľɫ羹ȻԽ𽣵ĽΪĿٵɢȥһССĵڿ֮ߣٶȼ죬֮ռ󼤵˲ϢĹĺ󣬶ҶĿꡣ
һĻΪ𺳣ħȴ¶мҡҡͷ磬Ҷɽʱĵ纣ױû˿ĿɱԣǮҲûмô뵽ַʽԸҶأ
ǺԼڳ˶ûмҶɽʱĳ棬ħĻһȴ˺ģҲףΪ׵֮ȷ޷ٵȡ
ҶԼҲɻʵǮçײ֮ˣ˼ϸ壬ôӦĹʽԼ˵ûκεЧΪʲôҪֺõʩչأ
ʱЩҶȥĵߣѾǰڴ˿ȴûйǼҶȥ
ֱڣ˵ˣҶԼ㲻ǮĿĺڣҪʲôҶҲܾվˣһЦҶ̧׼ʼԽǮ
ȻֵһĻˣ˶ĿһֱɫƽҶ̧ȵһ̣ɫȻˡ
Ҷϸֳ𾪣ɻ󣬷ŭ飬Ϊ֣ԼȻ޷Լˣ
޷ƣΧĿ֮УһǿεסҶ壬һ̶֮Уٲά衣
磡
Ȼ磬Ҷ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫˣǮнô磬ҪԼҪסԼ
磬ҶȻҲİû۳ʱӴ֪ۼĵطһǿ
ڣǮȻǽסҶҶҲΪģȻ֮С
ǮȻЦˣ̧һӣҶ˹ȥǱ𽣾Ȼ˿УŨ֮Ȼһɫ಻ϵڽ֮ϣͷų˿˿ߣӶﵽȶһĿġ
ƬߵĿռ֮УǮȫӰ죬ж磬̼ҶǰЦĵ˵ǿҵҪԿֻܻ֣ܰ£жǿ
£ǮͻȻڿһץʱн߱Уȭͷ֮ϵ˸ȻһȭҶ
飡
˶ΪҶᱻǮ֮һȭеʱҶȴͻȻץס˽Ǯ
Ǯɫ䣬ǽҶĴס֮£ˡǡ̧֮ͷҶЦעԼǮӲ㻹̫͹Ҷˣ̶ֳȵռסң
ڱ˿ҶֻǾһοֲ٣Ǻǵ˶֪ҶǷ˵ʱΪĪ֮࣬Ѿٵ׵磬Ĵ֮лһ˿磬ҲıԴ֮
ԣ̶ֳȵҶûзֻҪԸ⣬ԽЩȫգղһ鷴ӦҲֻǹװԽǮĶѡ
ͻȻҶǰһӰԼٶԼ沿ƵòŽǮ󣬼˵ͬʱԴȻȥ
ݣ
Ҷͷ˲䣬һɫͬ߰ӰӴԼͷӹ
һԱߴͷˣ˵Щ󡣬ܱܲôİ


1576 
һ˵֪Ҫ֪Ǹ󡣬ǽ󸣬ȫһ壬ȻǣҶҲˣղǽǮͷԼ
н˶ݺݵĵһۣȴǺһһصɹȥǻ첻ߵԸ񣬾Բаʾ
ҶֱӣǮĮԼղŲ㱻Ҷ󣬶Ȼ죬һ
ɣ
춯أӲһɿ磬ӿرɫ
ɢһֻͬСɽһĽɫܣҶǰֻС۾ֱĶҶ
ȻǽǮıࡣ
˸еԾǣֻܾȻֻȡ
찡Ǵ˵е󸣬徹Ȼ󸣬ѹֽǮôԸأ
ʵ͸뵽ܹ½ǮⲻǽǮ𣡡
ѹˣ˵ô˶ڽǮôãԭ󸰡
Ⱥ̴֮
Ҷɫ䣬ȴйؽһЩ飬岢ʥһ壬ȴڱΪ֮ףΪλǺ󸣡
ÿһ壬ڶᵮһЩĴڣЩڣǸ࣬ĳЩԶԶͬ壬ֳ޷׷ϣ޷Ƶġ
˵ʥ֮еצѩľβѩǰֻ󸡣
ǿ֮ܿ޼᲻ݵĽϵ
֮ܶǮԸͿԼн˶ڽǮĺʵΪ󸡣
ŽǮ¶˱࣬ЩܿռеĽɫȫΧ£˹֮Ҳƽ˼ֺصѹƵΧ˲òʼ׷׺󳷣ͳѹǵķΧ
ɣ
ǮͻȻſͣҶַһʱһҶϯȥ
ҶΡȻԳ嵽Լǰ磬̧ȭͷһȭȥ
Ҷֻһȭһȭȴ̺ȫ˲䱬ˣûʵķ磬ȻҲһȭӲĺȻҳһն
飡
мһ˶Ŀնžͱը˿Ȼըķ羹Ȼûɢڿ֮УءĺХ֮
Բ֮ڵĿʼҵ𶯣Ȼ󲿷˿𶯵ԭ򣬵Ҷ֮£ȴǿĿЩըѿķ磬ȻȫһεĽ飬գÿһֱָҶ
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ҶԽǮеĿ࿴ˣԷܹٿϵܲٿطϵ˵ʩչĽϵǻûʩչһȷˡ
ﬣ

з罣ڽǮĲٿ֮£ǵصҶ˹źХķ㿴Щ̲סľ
Ҷ֮£Ŀ罣۳˷ĺ󣬽磬ԶһеݿĳԼ
̶ֳȵĹҶҲټˣҲ׼ɽϾԪԼԼʵԲ򲻵ѵʱ򣬻ǲõĺá
ݣ
Ҷ֮϶Ȼܳʮ׳Ѫ۳Σ֮Ǯķ纣ɽȴǻᣬ̸ڵĲҶ֮ϡ
ҶͨѨλ֮гģԴڶɽ֮ʱѨλгʮŵѪɫι۳ɳ֮ҲĶһֹķʽ
Ѩλ֮гģǵǰ˵ѪѨ
ͬʱѪΪΪѨΪͬҶһ㣬ŻӦټ֮Ҳʿйϵǿ̬ҶΪԼֹʽΪѨǷǱѰ
ڶԸǰǮĹҶֻʩչʮѨ˵壬˵С
žžž
Ȼ˿Ǯķ罣ܹҶͷųѨ˵ƻã׳ޱȵѨͬڵѪɫһ㣬ӿѹͬ
Щεķ罣Ѩѹ֮£ȫѿĳɢҲ޷ۼ
ҶҲǷ֮Ѩ屣ܲͨ磬дķ罣ȫֱ顣
ת֮䣬罣ʧѨɢؼƽ˾ʲôûзһֻлĽǮҶԶվ
ۿԼĹҶƵǽǮȴɫƽٴſͣһԲ壬Ŀз˳


1577 Ǯ
ǸԲӽǮĿг֮󣬾Ȼǣתۼͱĥ̴СһҲڿˡ
ȻһöǮ
Ⱥ֮ٴδ˾֮
ܹ½ǮȻ٣
һöǮʲôãѵ׼Ҷ
ʱ򣬽̲סڵǶʲôöǮ֮ʱͺڿеģиִ·˲ͬɳʱգؽΪʥĴڣ
ŽǮд·
ⷬҶвҲ΢΢ԾѹֽǮԸȻе֮࣬ʱ˿԰һʿ飬ҳɳΪʥҲΣ
ͬҶĺɽһ˵ʵҲܲƷףֱ붥С
ĥ̴СĽǮڿУȻĿڽǮ֮ϣ·֯ɵͼ
ǮͬһСɽһͷųޱȾ˵ѹ˵ҶˣվıȽϿΧߣҲǸо嶸Ȼóޱȣظòˣ˾˽ս֮಻ǧףڣȴѾ˵˽׿⡣
ҶǸоߴɽصѹԼϣֳʱܵĴ֮ѹĸо
ҶǿޱȣǮѹԽѹ⽴
ͻȻֱĽǮѿͣӵĵҶҵĽǮȺԪΣǲǻҪص㣬ֻǿʼ׼ɣ
ŽǮһĴ߶֮£ǮȻⱩǣ˵â

Щâ˽ɫĽâٴǵصҶ˹ȥ
ղŵη罣ЩεĽҪܲٿؽϵ֪Щɫâֱͬıһɢ޼᲻ݵ⡣
꣡
ɫâ䣬еֱӴ˵棬ʱͻ׽涴գ֮䣬ԭƽĵ棬ͱɸӣС
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ǮԶҶɵʱһǮ̿ʼߣҽⱬٶԽԽ졣
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Ƭ̵ĹҶ岻òٴ˵档
ڽϵĿǴﵽ˳뻯ĵزǽǮЯĴ·ֻҪǮ㣬ֹܹıóɸ
Ҷ֪ԼԴУȻٴγһѨȻֱײ˺ɽ֮ϣײýһҵҡΣԪкǾѨȻźԪϣӭǲĸ
ҶҪԺԪѨΪܣԼܹʱĻ֮ӳֻҪܹԼнǮŤתֲľ档
ǮжȻ˽⣬޴ſ³Źɿ񱩵磬Ĺڿըη罣ǻЮ罣˺ԪЩѨ
ܿҶĴ㣬ζҶԼĽǮ
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1578 ϵ۷Ծ
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һȫԲ۾ǮҲ⣬ѾͬͭСۣݷҪɳۿһ
˭֪ҶΪǴ֮ˣߵǴ֮·ֻҪʩչԼĵƣͻΪеĵͻӶ⵽׷ɱ
ʩչƣʵۿۣʵҲֹǰԶ޷ľ硣
ҲΪʲôǮǾҶ֮ʱηԭ򣬱ϾǵУҶһֻȳһȵϻ
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ţһ뻮һĶ̧ͷ죬֮ϣֻнǮǱٻƣȻʱʱҲ𣬵ǸԴڴס
Ҷʩչ˵ƣȴû׷ɱ
ѵѾҵ˰Ѵ׷ɱİ취
˳ǣȻĻ϶Ӧóˡ
ôģѵԼĵ
϶ǰֻзԼĵѭеĵȥȻĻôܻŹ
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֮Ҷٴδ߶ɽһԪϣӭܼϵꡣ
һΣܽǮȻ³罣һĽ׵֮߾ܵ赲ҶǹЮ֮Ľɫ׾ٵľͷеӡ
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սȻûнΪǮֻǱҶɣʱٻҶͷɽջ긫ɫƻƣת˽Ǯ
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ǮٴηһӴͻȻ߸ԾҶ˹ȥͬʱһţͷͬһһݺݵĳҶ
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ֻϧ̶ֳȵĹҶû˿в긫߸նǮæջͷʱͬСɽȴѾҶͷϿա
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һһƬѪͷӿ޴ѪˣʱͽеĶҺȫûѪ֮С
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һֻͻȻӿгҶ£һɻصȻеľǿڳˡ
ҶһݣȻѾǵ˻Ծǿߣںļƻڡ
ʱһЦԶƿն£λãǵϴԶ۵𣿻кλ㣬ϴһѾһ࣬ûҰ


1579 ž
˵٩Ͳͬʱռ鿪һ׹ֱӴ֮г޾İɫˣö׼ֻҶĴ֡
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У׹ڿУתһɫĴɡƵˣһλɫȴԼϵѪƣĶǱɡ
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ȻˣҶ˿̵ĿȴǸϣǿǶŮβסϲá
裬磬ˣ
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ҲǷǳʱ˽λǿ߶ҶĹ
ǰĺҶӵţѩҲЦݵ˹ȻǺҲһеĳ˹Ƕ壬ǺѩλӣʱǷ顣
⼸λڷ˽ĺѣڻžˡ
ҶȺ˻ȻûڶȻڽ֮У˵ĺɣλܣλղų͵ϮɷԪɡ˵߳£ǺǾˮˮǲ㣬Σܵʵе̫ˣ
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΢΢һЦӣĺúõģΪʲôҪȥ۹Ҷϵ֮Ļˮ֪ҶϵȻ˵㣬ǳǶķӮС֮⣬ûкǽɣ
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ģϣǲɱ⣬ģղ˵ĺԶһۣȻ󽻳ɽʥ¾ʹգ
꣡ºķһЦԶһۣɽʥӣҪ治ߣȻˣû̸ȥĿˣȵȣôڴ򶷡
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ǸղҲڴս󲿷˵עҶͽǮϣԲ֪ڵս
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һ֪ϼһҶһݣԲ³ȻϹռƣ¶ҪɱڸˣЩǿȻͬ⣬ͬԼղҪԸǮһ
Ҷ׼һеĳȥʱͻȻһķŴԶкȻһص˫
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ֻýµɽھҲԶֻܿޱ߽𣬶â֮УӰٳ˹ǵͬҲӰ׷ᡣ
ǰǰϹ飬ҶϹ˿ͷ̫ڣȻûʲôˡ
ЦһԪɡٴλһ׹⣬˹ȥõ˰Ϲͷųɫ˲ͱƵ׷Ѹٺˡ
ŻԪɡİϹڻص˵ߣӺȻһЦΧ֮߳ˣһŮټϽӣǿߣҶǰΧ


1580 
Ȼ׼Ҷȫ£ȻԾɴЦݣȴҲѾԪɡ˻ѸٷŴ󣬽ԼҶȫǡ
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ҶҪչȫĽë˳жֻӣҲɲˣϧֻһûɱ
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չë˵㣬ֱֻûˣڸҲ͵ڷˣܹҵҩöϱָʵ̫ˣҾҵˣҲһøڸãϾҩ۵ļֵˣ
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嵱̫壬ɱ̫Ϲⶥջһ㵱Ϣѡ
ǿ߰Χ֮£µɫҲе㲻ÿȻҶǸʵԾǿߣǲ˵㣬ﻹǱĵ̣ĺѰȻ뿪ˡ
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ҶӦȻеģǹٶ΢˵㣬ǻжʱܵڱӵʱ䣬ǵ˾ˡ
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ߣڰ޲˺Ҷľǿǰ˵ӵʱˣҪͬʱ֣ҶԼ˲顣
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ҶͷȻһɫ޶㵹ڶ׼ǳˮƺ׼Щˮȫװȥ


1581 Ҷ
䶦ӡʥ֮ˮϵʥԭҶ޷֧ʹģ䶦ԶӲĳֻɫƵǿ֮󣬾Ȼķӡһ˿
Ȼ޷ͷųǽɶķӡҶѾԽĶȻҲܴ߶䶦
ˮӿ䶦Ķ֮Ҳһݷܹصĺɫâˮ
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кˮû˿ֿ֮ȫֱӿ˹䶦Уߵľ޴˻ƺƴ
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˫ԲҲͬı飬¶˼֮ɫ
˵ŷͬѰ壬ΪһݣһʥҲһʥ
ȻͷųĹȻ䶦ȫɣʵ޷ܡ
⻹ֻǿʼˮ䶦ֻ֮޴ϾȻ¶һ˿η֮ɫ
Ϊ󸱾˫ۿ죬һǴ˿̾Ȼ΢΢ͷе㲻ֱӹ䶦
һĻȻ嶼ǴΪ⣬ֻҶв³ԭ򣬶ҲҴźǼص̡
࣬˵࣬һĲͬǾǵĵȼʮأ
ǿΪĴַǵϵõܾµ֡
壬ˮˮϵޣˮϵеĶڣʥ䣡
첻µزµϹ⣬࣬ʥޣַԱܵηͳ羴
η壬壬һһ͸ǹѪҺеġ
Ӱһ֣ǺôѱļһùԹԵſڵϣ˿Ĳ
ο֮ͬѹ䣬ͬʥһ󸣬Ҳη䡣
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廹о䶦ϢȴʱӦˣȻͻ¶ַڱܵη塣
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ÿ˵ɫ࣬ǰ˸˾Ȼһ˸סʵû档
Ȼע⵽ǳη̬ʱҲסˣô顣
ԺܿͻعҶһҶ̫ų
ҶһۣȫٿŹ䶦ԼʶʥܷССչһ¡
Ҷ𻰣ǿﻹܣ׼ȥҲع󣬲ô˵ҪҶ
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ʥеҫȴԸϣֻԼ۾ĻһȦ
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һ£嶼̲סʼˣ
Ҫ֪߰˵ʥˣҶվڸԴϣڸȻֻʥ䣬ȴĸԸҶվıϣȻ͵ҶΪ
Ҷվ֮ϣݣĿĮĻܵˣǿ֪
ⲢǵҶлһɢζ֮У
̶̵ľŸ֣ͬκһһһ֣һ˸߹һˣֱ쳹Ƭ֮䡣


1582 һ
Ҷɢ֮н˵嶼̲ס΢΢һΪ˵ĸҶʥ䣡
ָյ֪֪һشɵҲָ֪ǶԸҶ顣
³ɵĿҶһۣ˵ʵҲҶǺٻһֻʥͨҶ˵Щ֮дڵѹȴǼٵġ
ҶĬƬ̺ٴοڣȴԴķʽ˽弸λǿߵĶУѾ֪ˣвףһλᣬĻʱ򣬱˵ֻСµһˣС½磬ҲȲǽˡ
ýڣĿоȻС󸣬Ȼýжвޣȴûһ˸һ졣
˵仰֮ҶͣȻվıϣĿϵɨˡ
ղŵĻȻǳ֮ڣȴʵ־
󣬻ǽӲͷƤվˣҶɱļλǿߣҲᡭ
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ҶµӰȻʧ䶦Ҳһâ»صҶڡ
ˣڱӡ״̬ӹ䶦ӲǷֳһ˿ʶȷʮġ
ˣǽȴһͷޱȣȷǺҶûʲô޵ģҶԨʱ򣬱嶼оǿ棬ǲܲ
ӵȴʮҶߵʥɲǼٵģҰ̬ҪҶǽѡ
󣬽ֻĿҶҶôأ飬ǾͲ׷ˣҲԸ뿪ھͿˡ
뿪ԣߵվҶֻҪ㽻̫ǽҲܷһ
ͺȴҡͷУϷŹ㣬ҲԲͬ⣡
Ҳı̬֮һ仰첻ܾҶ뿪
ʵҶĿѾﵽˣʥ磬ֻҪʱѹס壬ϾǽأǾǿ߾λ
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˵ʵڶҶ̫η壬ǼɵǺµĻԪɡǿʥ
ʦĿģԽΪףǴʥǸ۹ڽʥ϶ǲᶯˣ壬ûʥԻԪɡÿ嶼ѹ
Ȼ΢΢һЦҼǵ˵ϱǿֶ߳ԸҶŹֻ֮д裬ǲܵģȻҲΥ˵Ļ
֣֮ôƽ뿪ǲܵˣԵټԼסеľǿߣֻ֮ȥҶʵӦÿӦĹ
ݵ֮ŮԽڶҶɸǽһս
˾Ǻ÷ȻʥŮͽǮһ֮һǿߣҰҪһҶȴǲΪ⣬һЦҪսս
ո£÷ȻͬĽЦ֮ͬ˾ȻҪУҶȴҡҡͷСѣȻ꼼Զˣ
𣿡˵ǵһ£ľһֻһ㣬࣬Ҷ߿ӹһ˵Ȼһ߶Ҷ֡
һŮӾȻҺҶǿ࿹Ҷе㲻˼顣
ҶȻҲӣڼʶԼͽǮĽ֮ŮӾȻҳսԼǶһȻҲ̡
ҶͬڿõԼһʱ֮䣬˾ǻ⣬ڿһһĲӰ
ͻȻҶԸоһɫӰӳԼͷϷٶȺȻȵ죬룬һȭҳ
ȻҶһȭȴ˸գͬʱһͬĽЦĶУ˺´žŭĽ㣬㾹ȻܼԦȹ
ţҶǰһڣһĪľͻȻϮԴûҪʹ˯ȥ


1583 㿪
ǲ
֮˾֮ҶĿһƬܼ纣ɲǼ佫һӰ

һҽҶ۾ٿȻԲΪǸ纣ΧӰȻԼĪ磡
ѵĪ٣
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Ҷ͵شһܲ˵ĳƬ纣֮УƴץѾ׻ԼߺĪ硣
ǣƼĪɲ֮䣬Īͬӵĵ纣ȴȫʧ֪ӿһŨգֲָҶߵľͷԼһӰ
ҶȻɻѣǼᶨĳǸӰ˹ȥ
ʦ
ҶȻסΪǸڵϣ֮ɫˣԼʦħ졣
Ҷħ¶һ˿ЦݣǲЦ£徹Ȼٵķ绯ͷԴ壬ۿɼٶȻ˻ҽ
ʦ
ҶһȻ˹ȥҪֹʦķ绯ƹȴֻץһղסɳӡ
ˣ
֮ɽȻҶͷ˿˿Ԫס
ҶȴãȻվŴָ䲻µϸɳгɻԼ
粻ڲٷʦǱ·ôܻԼǰ
ԣԣ
ҶҡԴлһƬҲصģƺʲôѹԼϡ
¡¡
һޱѪȻɫˮγƷ˿УһźɫˮδŹƺһɫӰӣӰӻڲϵֻϧ޷˽ȥ
һ̣ҶжȻѣԼӦڽأںĸִս

Լ˻ˣ
ͷ֣Ҷ۾Ȼۻ̫ͼֱ¡УΧĿռѣѷ֮еѪɫâ
ܣ
һҶٿȻͷֻԶ÷Ȼ³һѪ֮ɫǰ֮⣬ʧȻѪ統С
ͬʱµҲʱ𣺡Ҷ㾹Ȼɱȹ
ȹʲô
ר˾ȻһΪû뵽СѾͷȻշһֻϣû뵽㾹Ȼȹɱˣ
ҶȻ˻֮УԼɵǸͬӰӰĶǸӦþȹɡ
Լ֮ô˻֮УҲֻȹڵ
ȹҲȻ˲͹Լµ飬ĳԼǰ
÷Ȼ϶û뵽ȹּɵ壬Ҷ˵ֱѵĲƷ
ҶȻʼ˵ȹ壬ǵ֪ǹɲҶ֮ʱȻˡ
Ǹ벻Ҷڻ֮УɽѪԶԣǷǵûռˣʧȥһֻȹɢҶעĵֱӱѪˡ
Ͻų
һȻһĿѣҶ˹֮ϾȻ˵ǴļҶоƤһĴʹ
ȻһλǿߣʵȻˡ
µҪ֣ȻҶȴͻȻһţ
ҶֺԪͷѪ磬Ѫɫ淭㲻Ȼȭͷӭˡ
ҶȻҪǿߣ
ȻҶǰҲ飬Ѫϵ£Ѫ֮ڣȫԼ
Ŵͣһʱ侹Ȼȥ
Ҷ
䣡
˵ȭͷݺݵײһҶ浹ɳȥȻڵʵǾǿߵĶ֣ɳȥʮ֮Ҷȴվ𣬾Ȼٴĳǿߡ
˶ɵˣȫҶôˣѵҪɱ
ֻҶԼոֻȹȻһȣֻּͨҵײ΢ɢȥ
䣡
Ȼ岢ó壬ǵǿߵľ磬Ͷ֮䣬ͷų֮ԶԷҲǺٴκҶһȭ
ȻҶֱ˳ȥȻѾ³Ѫȴ˲١
ȻҾͳȫ㣡
ľǿŭˣܲ˵׼ָɵҶȻͻȻ䣬һɾ޴ѹȫ޷Ҳ֮һɺ⡣
ţһƽȴϵ֮д˵ϱǿ۸ʦܣͱҲǶҵĻǶԷˣȻˣ㿪
ۡһλľǿߣûзӦô£ϵѹ˲䷭Ҳ޷ܣֱը˿


1584 ̫ͻȻ
ֵ˲䣬ԼͻȻ˶ס˺ؼһļž
˵жص֡
ΪղǷֻǳ֮ڣ˭֪˵˵Ϊ˱Ҷ֮д裬棬ϱǿ߸ˣ
Ļû˻᲻ϣ뿪ϢȴЩˣǾǿǶ˾裬ԲŻῪʼҶ֡
ȻڣȻʱ֣ɱһλǿߣѸĴڣ
û뿪죡
ˣ
˶סʱһƬѿһҵ֮һɫâգڿС
һʮĺɫꪣɢ˵ľ޴ѹͬһλһ㣬Ӹ¸ˡ
ꪣ
ԭֵ֮ʥշ͸˳峤档
棬պúꪣ
ٴ𣬶һӰҲ֣֮ǳ棬ɫĽ
ҸǵһСС棬Ƶ鷢ҳغ󣬽һһԵŰݷãʦܣʣµ½ˣ
仰֮𣬿еǹεѹҲɢ˿˰ĳһ
ÿ˵ȴһĺ£ԭȻڻ죬ֻڱչأδ֡
Ȼڱչ֮УȴܸŲ֪Զľ룬ɱλǿߡ
Ȼоǿڻɣֻ˵ĵǲܹɱǿߵˣۻ죬֮⣬

ꪺҶǰҶƽĵͷ׻Ǿʦְ
΢΢һЦ˷Ĳ
һԵĺҲ˹ôŵԹҶһ۵ҶϵܣҶղſˣԭڣôǰҴк
ҶǸĵʦѾչضգҲ֪ͻȻ֡
֮ĶԻΧȴȻʱжҶ˼ɵЩǿǣе㻳ɣҲðա
Ȼ÷ȻȻǰָҶҧгݵĵҶ㻹ȹ
÷ȻΪǿߵûΪ÷ȻҶ֮ͬĴ򶷣ǲܸġ
Ҷ΢΢ü˵ʵȻϿһȴȻһɹɵĽ֮УֻԼƴѹסˡ
ȹѾգ˼û취ˣ
㣡÷Ȼ޺޵һŵ͵ɣȹҲȲ㣡
ʵ÷ȻҲ֪ȹѾûˣΪȹ֮һԼһĴڣԼѾʧ˵ȹȻ˲⡣
÷Ȼ仰ҶʶԼ֮ԻӦþΪȹ£Һƺء
ڣվ˳ҶҶұ֮£ǾͲ׷ˣͬҲӭ㣬Ի̴ͬ뿪
ֻ֮ľϾϱ޷ֵ£һУûҶĶ֣Ҳֻȡ裬ŪסֻܷҶ뿪
Ҷ˵صĿѾﵽȻҲٴξοڴһȣѾ޷ټѹˣҪϽҸȫĵط鿴һ¡
ҾͲˣǰ߰ɣ
Ҷ˺ɽͻ긫źºͳˣת뿪
ȻʱͻȻݡһƿ֮飬һž˵ɱ⣬ȻҶ
һ͸ȻǸĽ״ڳֽ֮ˣҲֻǳֳһģӰӣɿɵһ
һٶȻǴﵽһ£
˵һȫסˣºͳȻߣȴҲֻĿţΪǵΪһҪҲǲܵ£һ̫ͻȻ
ҶԼҲͫ׼޷ܿһȻѾ֪г֮ˣһ
䲻ݷ֮ʣҶֻ޶ȵĲ˲壬ǿܿԼҪλ
ꡱһһѪ͸ֱ֮ӶҶļιǣ
Ҷǿ²κη֮£ѰҲ˲֪Ƶ
γܵĿͻȻͬˮһĲһģӰӴ֣֮ͬһ͸ٴδҶһΣ׼Ҷüģ


1585 ޿ɱ
˽֮£ҶѾԿ壬Ǳͬһˮһ͸Ͼɢɭɭ⡣
һЩ̲סгһ͵ϮȻҶҶҪǵڶ͵Ϯû˿ͣٺԥҶϢʱ䣬ϵĬȻǾε͵Ϯ˭ܶùأ
ºͳѾֱ˺ꪺͻԪɡ׼ʥҶԸģӰӣȻǶֵͬʱҲǶ𣺡λ԰꣡
ͬǿһѾ̤ǰһɱĿעź¶ˡ
ȻЩ֮ҶҶ֣ڼȻҪɱҶȻʮ⣬Ը¶˳֡
ǵ̬ȺԣֻҪǸҶ֣ôʮҲͲԹۡ
ºͳ澡зŭ˼£ҲĲҳ֣ǵԼİΣǳ֣ΧʮǿͬʱֵĻľ޴ȫпܽҶҲϯʱ򣬾Ҷû͵Ϯ֮£Ҳ֮¡
Ҷļι֮ϻһѾӰ쵽жڶٶȺһҪй֮޲
ֻ밮ǹ䶦ǺɽͬʥҲΪʶ˯
ˣҶƺҲͬҲ޷㿪üĵһɣ
ˣ
ת֮£ĽѾҶüĴƣһѪ
һ̣ʱݷ˾ֹҶ˲Ϣ֮ǧͷѰŰ취˿ԼΣ
䡱һҶҶ˫˲תΪۣǰҲȻٴθֳ˸âǹɿռǿռ䷨̬֡
ЩâɢĹâһƬռ䣡
ƴȫ֮£Ҷһü֮Уɫųɽ⣬ǿʶͬһ㣬ӵͬʱǵȻδѪʶײ֮£Ȼը˿ǵĺɫʶںһ𣬳ǰ˸â
ʱ˿̣ҶǰһѤõ˼µľ
ɫʶһ˿޵Ѫɫɷɢ״ڿը̻ͬõͬʱҲݺݵײЩſռ䷨â
ʮâʶ֮ײ֮£Ȼıԭȵλãصһ
ৡһƬؼ䵱飬ͬʱܵһԼգ˭Ҳû⣬ΪǴ˿̵ĿȫεļҶϡ
ǱҶǵѪըʱ򣬽֮ҲմȾһΣȫ͸ܹ˿øӵ
ﬡһһĨ޺Ľ⣬ûκ谭ĴҶüģֱӶҶԺͻأ˳
ؼһһļž
Ҷ
ͻȻҶ徹Ȼͬˮһ˲Ŀʼ͸ģֱȫʧ
ٴסеľǿҲǵɴ۾ȫ޷ף׷ʲô顣
ǸĵȻҶû

Ϊ˻ӦǵĹһ֮жȻһʯ쾪ŭ𣬽ţһѪɫȭͷ֣صĳλá
顱һһ޴Ѫ֮ſ
Ѫĺ棬ɫ԰׵ҶĮĳˣջԼȭͷնιǴѪ£ü֮ϣȻȷһǳǳ˺ۣԲǱ˿ڡ
ҶȻδһɱ˰͵Ϯɱ֣
˵϶͸˾ȺԻ֮ɫ˵̶ֳȵİɱǱ޿ɱܶǸۿҶüı⵽ô£
ºȻһռ䷨֮
仰ڱ˵Ȼ޷⣬Щǿǣһȴȫ¶𺧣
ҶڸղžȻʩչ˿ռ䷨֮˲Ϣ֮ƶԼλã˶㿪һ
ƶλãǶݵĴԽգǴ򿪿ռ֮ţһطһطֱڿռڵƶ
Կռ䷨ǿеĽռѹѹӶԼԽԽһξ롣
򵥵˵һֽҸһ㣬ô֮䣬ֱ߾̣ʵϲˣ㽫ֽ۵Ļصһ֮£֮ḷ̌Ҳûо룡
˿ռ䷨֮󣬾Ϳռֽͬһ۵Ӷ㵽Ǹ㣬˲ܵƶķʽΪ˲ơ
˲Ƶľ룬ҲǸԿռ䷨յǿͬ˵Ϊռ䷨֮޾ģ˲ƵľͬԴﵽԶ


1586 ˲
ղҶüıʵϲΪٶѾﵽһּ֮ĲӰ
ּµٶȣѾ˿ƶٶȣѾ뿪ȴһӰ
ҶȻ˿ռ䷨֮ʩչ˲ƣӶӹ˱޿ɱܵһ
֣ڳЩǿ˵ʵһּĴΪǣǳͺ£˵տռ䷨֮ˣı߶δ
ȻҶŶʮˣȻѾɹʩչö
⣬İɣ
һǿߵĿз߽ͬ仰ҲһȺ˵
ʵˣҶƵһɲǣ뵽ǧ취֮УΨһоԱסԼľǿռ䷨ңĴ̼֮£Ҳڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣɹץסԼӹһ١
ȻǿűըѪҲһЩ΢İϾҶѪˣÿһѪԶ˵ѪҪǿٽʶغһճɹ
Ȼĳɷڣǹ⿿ûõģĹؼҶԼʵɺԵǱ
ֻǴ˿̵ҶԼһ˿Ϊͨղŵɲ˲ƣԸо֮ǿǾԲڴܹݵõĻƾſռ䷨Ϳ׵Ǳֽ֮ˡ
Ҷڵ뷨ҪǱ֪һЩǿǵǿҲ˲֮Ȼ֪㣡
ɱ
ҶȻڣֳֺɽԵĿռ˹ȥ
Դ̤֮·ʼֱڣȻҶѾǻԵǴûҪΣգǲܷŹȻڵɱ֡
ȻУҶҲ¶˾ģȥ֮Ҫ˳ú½Ҹ۹ʱƳ٣ҲҪ
ɱ֯ʵֲ̫ˣͬƹ֮һ㣬ʼոԼߣÿγֵʱҲǡô
ղţѾ֡죬ѾͬԼ뿪ԼĿҲѾɣ˺ɽͻ긫λֳʥľ棬ǸʱԼΪɣҲΪиʱ
κ˶뵽֮£ȻͰг֣Լǰ˿ռ䷨ʩչ˳ôԼľѾˣ
Ŀǰ֮ϻֻԼԼߵ˺ҲԼСǣûмŴӹ׷ɱ
ǰ֪ɱԼߣҶҲҵõǣڣſռ䷨ǵ˸â֮£ҶȴܹĿмطâŤԼЩط֮صһģӰ
ȻЩâŤ֮ɱֵĲ֮ʼͬһĲںڰ֮Уȴʵʱ֡
һΣҶӰҲ˵Ϊ˶ԸԼһԵɳɱ֡
ɱ֮䣬ȻҲһİɱƻһȳ͵Ϯɹµڶ˽Ȼǵˣˣֱȫ֡
ΪղҶµĲӰһɱΪѾֵĻε͵ϮҲ̳֡
ǣѾûˣ
ɽҶУһâֱӴ˵һλֵɱ֣еѾϳأһȻҶļͷ֮ϡ
ۣ
Ҷȫ֮£ԷûжĿܣֱӱһüģԵҲ֮е
ͬıɱɱֻعҲҶײǷֱĸ
ɱ֣鵽˼£˵ֻгɹʧһɱʧܣôͬҲ˿ԥҪΪͬ鱨ֻٶ롣
ϾֻҪôͻٴδɱĻᡣ
ȻˣͲҪˣ
ҶĮԭһģʼɢȫɢԶǡۡһһӰ֮е
оǿٴη˲ƣ
ȷҶڼȻ˿ռ䷨֮ôȻҪڼϰЩɱ־ϰĻᣬңٶϴﵽµ˲ƣǡǡþǶԸЧİ취
˵УɱֵӰӣֻеȵҶ֮ǵеܱ֡
⵽ʲôˣô˿ֲܹǵ׷ɱ
ֱĿǰΪֹҶ֮⣬λǿ߲³ЩɱǸϵİɱ֯˸ʲô֪
ÿ˶ңҿЩֲɱֶԸĲԼԽҲԽᵽҶĿ¡


1587 е
գ۵ĹɱֻʣˣҶѾ˵ɱֵǰһΣҶû֮ǰԸֱͬһ̴üģǽ˶Էơ
ﬡһɱȻ֪ΪʲôҶԼ飬ȴҲڱܵԼеĽһͺɽײһ𣬷
һɺԪӽ֮ӿʱݷ̶֮Уٲά衣
һ̣оͿҶǴɱͳף֮Ļһɿ񱩵Լһȣȥ
ɱʮֱӱ˻ȥ˺ºͳߣعһӰɶߣȻͬ顣
ҶҲͬһ˵ǰЦĵһǱ˵ʵ̫ʴˣҸһĻᣬ֮⣬֤ûٶǳֻ֣Ҫɱңɷ뿪
ºͳһۣ̺ˣó˵ط˭ĳҶȻɫ侲ǹɷŭȴѾ޿ɶƣҪķʽɱɱ֡
ʵǲ֪һԭǾҶȻһɹɵȣΨһķйս
Ȼ˲ƵķʽͬѸٽɱֵһʧȥսĶ¶ˣҪǻԼսһ
⣬һֱõİɱ͵ϮͽҶҲ뿴ûΪµսպ֮ʱҲ
ɱһ£඼ƽӹ֮Ҳ֪Ƿʵò˿̶˶һ֮ûһĻȻͬʱ֡
һ߻ȥϣô˭Ҳ
治֪ǵĽúֲƶɣѰ޷Ҵ̳֮ʱϢ˷ʤ
ҶȴǿһЦȻɽͬһ͸ĽԼɼһ˿Ѫɫڽʡ
ʦǼ޵ȫѪ֮ƼɵѪǧ򻯣ûо̬
ΪҶȱʦδùΪɱֺúøһϢó
ﬣ
޵Ľڿкݺݵײһ𣬷Ľ
һ̣ʦҲչ˳˾޴ײ֮£Ѫˣ͸֮ȴǸԶΪء
ŵŵţ
ɱڿУȻҲײײˣͬʵ֮ϣһ󼱴ٵĽŲ
һòϵɱ֣йâһȻֳһɫ޽ѰҪһվԭأҶ̶ֱȥ
¡¡
ڽһâɣΧɽȻ˺Ȼ죬֪̺֮ǿѹء
ҶȻ壬Ѫ΢΢һ𣬺ȻŴǵڽ֮Ѫ죬гѪ֮Ƶ״ӭ˺ڽ
䣡
ٴײһ𣬶ҶξȻٴͬˮһĻܣҹȥ
һƬ֮£ҶͬһɽһҲһ󲨶һɱ¶˳
Ҷֱӽɱָԭء
ԭɱڰԴ˼ƻһȫҶ˵ע⣬һȴǳûߡ
ֻҶͷֹǵһУߵɱ֣һĶãסڽͬʱ˲֮׷֮ˣӲָ˻
һĻΧ˶úһǶôǿʵȻӦη֮Ыɱ֣ȫŪڹ֮䡣
ҶȻĮעɱֵҪôǷɱҪôǾɱң·֮⣬Ǳ뿪
δΪɱ֣Ҳ¶˷ŭ֮ɫһԲйϳһ߶ҶԱߵλɱֱٶȸ죬кڽٴһ̳
ʱҶд˺µҶɱֵƺͣɱڽ߾ܵҪչ
ҶһݣҲȻɱֲҪһҲĵͬǰ
ߣӣҲɳһеˣ
Ϊһ֮֯ȻҲݵλĲͬһֱɱҶɱȻûгɹҶҲ޷жϳеݣȻһеɱ֡
ҶܹзɱֿлдʲôϢֻɱһзɱ֣ôҲἤŭǸһжĻҲܹҵǵһ˿ӶԼȫɱ


1588 ɱ
û֪ǵĴӪģĺôҶɱɱɱֻ֣ҪĴӪû£ôͻиɱ׷ɱҶֱ
Ҷ˱ĵȴЩɱֵ֮⣬ûа취ȥԸҪĳֻҵǵĴӪһݡ
ÿһɱֵĿжо綾֮зӡκһ̽ĻᣬԣҶͷ
ϣɱͬȻǮһôƱػἤŭӶɳɱԸԼ
ȻԼΣյľأҲܹѰҵһ˿ֵð
뵽ҶȻ˾ϡ
ꡱһҶѪɱֵüģ׽УȻӶȭͷݺݵɱֿԼĴ󵶡
䣡
һȭȥ󵶵ĵоȻҵľУҶȭͷȴǺˣվɱֵǰĵǵĵ
һڣ˶¶¶֮ɫԭЩֲɱ֣Ȼڿֲİɱ֯
Ϊкܶûгˣô󲿷˶Ϊ֯ѾɢȻȴû뵽ǾȻٴγ֣
ѹֻ˿ֲĴɱַѹЩɱּϻĬеһʶ˺Ľ͡
ֻǣһ뵽Ķȴǵɫøӵѿ
ǾǣҶ׷ɱˣھȻ׷ɱ
ǶôǿʵͰΪ
¶ݣɱ˵һΪΣգҲǼΪ飬ҶֱӵԷݣλɱֵг˺⡣
µĹûλɱеȷеݣҲһγִ
ȻϽӸ񣬵֯˵ִḶ́ͬǶǵһĥ˵ѡ֮
ˣִаɱʱѡʵᳬɱĿ̫࣬ȻĻαεǲôɱԸҶֱǿߣ׵ĽҶɱ
ɱֵĵһⰲҶΪĿ꣬ǸһĻᣬΪ˱Żһÿж˵ĹɳɱҶ˳ǵλ֮ˡ
˵ϣ˶ȫô㰵ɱʧܣܹȻߡ
㲻㣬˭Ҳ뵽ҶȻΣʱ̣ƿ˿ռķ֮Ҷǣȫڲ֮ء
ɱ֣֪Լɣȴûк£ֻһ˿˿źһ˷ܣΪЩɱֵ̣ǼΪпͿµģÿһλɱֲ
ˣ
ɱֵȻʧȻֶ֮Уÿɱֶյһֻܡ
ҶһЦ˽ľ֮£ۣҲ֪Էĵطֻ׼ڳ֣ǵſԷʲô
ﬣ
һ׹ͻȻҶϣͻĹâ̲ס˱ۣʱһ˺ɫľ޴ͳ֮Ϣ׼ո
Ȼһ̣Ҷ־ȻѾĵ֮ϣ
һĵоȻҶӲĸˣţҶһռ𵴣ɱֵӰȻ֮бק˳Ȼݺݵ˳ȥ

ɱصһɽ֮ϣ޴ĳɽȻǿסΣȴ³һѪ
ͬ߰ԹĿĵҶһ֮ɱ־Ȼٴδ˵ʧ
ɲҶ˲ƣһ֮ǿԸΧĲͬԼͷ棬뵽Ȼ֮С
أصס𣡡
ҶЦͻȻֻ긫Ȼһ⣬ֱ¡
ݷܹ˺صĽɫâֱɽ֮ϣ¡¡УСɽͷӲıϡ
Ҷڷ裬ɱڣ֮ԾɲŰУѪȴȻδỢ긫ͬһսһڿд󲽶УȵĽŲڿ֮Уȴصֱô𶯡
䣡
Ҷͷߴǧ׵ɽȫھâ֮УȻ
ڣһɽµʱܵص̳֮УһѪӰˡ
Ȼλɱ֣ȻȻ֮УҶÿһɽɽͷصϣҵ޷Ρ
ʱ˶ܿˣҶϷˣλɱ֣ΪľҪĥ
ɣ
Ҷٴξ𻢻꣬׼һͷ˽˶Է
Ȼʱ䶸һӰȻɱֵߣעҶͬʱֳһ㡣
ӰҶ֮䣬ϰ׵ľ룬Ȼһ֮£Ҷ֮Ŀռ侹Ȼ˲


1589 Ͼɱ
ͻȻֵӰһӰһһӰ֮Уһ㣬ݷҲʩչ˿ռķ֮
Ҷȴ֪ɲʲôֻ֮ǶԷеһѡ
ܿռѾݣҶȻδһ㣬ۡһݵĿռķѡ
ߣ֪ˣ
ҶͻȻǸӰԭȻһʩչ˲ƣĲĲӰѡ
һͻأı仯ֵӰһһɱ֣һҶɨȥ
˵ϣҶȻվԭزȻҲ˾ѵ˵һӰ
˲ѷ֣Ҷտռ䷨֮˲ʵ˷ʤΪٶ̫죬֪һӰǱ
˲ƣоʺϳΪɱְ
һλǿ̲סĸпȻ̵õ˵ͬ
ʱǸӰ֮侹Ȼ˴·ܼ֯˵׷ɱҶĴȻһ̺ҲǾ˵ǿ
Ҷ㲻ҵԼͬʱͻȻһѪӰеɱֶʱ˫ĿԲü֮һѪſ
顱һҶȻһеɱ֣ԼȴҲӰƻУֱӺ˳ȥ
˹һĻʵ֮ͬУҶʲô˲Ƶٶȣɱɱ֣ҲԶ㿪һȴⲻ㣬Ҫһƣ
һѪҶڿסΣǹһ˿ѪעǸӰ˵Ȼ˾ͱˣ
ӰӰȥֳһϵݣһѾɱ֣һ˿ˣһ䡱һɱֵʬ徹ȻֱըһѪ꣬ӿ¡
Χ޲һ˭ܿĳȻΪ˾ɱֲֵģȻɱ֮ȻԥĽʬ飬ĺĿֲ
ٵʬ֮ĿҶһۣͻȻʧ

էҶ˷ϵ£ͬʱֻɫƣȫ֡
Ͼɱ󣡡
ϳֻƿɲǵĹǾȻóһ󷨣һַտռ䣬˵ľɱ֮
ֻ֮£Ҷͬӣٲά裬ۿƼĵϣÿֻ֮ռ䶼ǲϱ·ɽǱ޴ѹѹú¡죬ɼ̺
ıУҶǿҲǱɡ
Ҷ϶ȻѪɫ棬˫֮У̫ϻһĿڿн㴦һ̫ͼͬʱ˿һռ䷨˸âȻ̫ͼĴ߶֮£ʼٵĸıλá
ѾǵĽռ䷨ıλãǸһҪռ䷨ʵΪԼĹֶΡ

Ҷһʯ쾪ıȣܵƬռ䣬ǰңը˿
ؼʱ̣ҶһԼڿռ䷨֮գӲĽƬռ鿪ȻֻɫƣҲſռıըΪС
ҶȻԾվԭһ˵УݷѾҶһֺԱĸо
ҶվȻһƬɫգȴǳ֮⣬ڿռ֮⣬ΧĿռ䣬ڿռ֮ϣƻãһֲеĸо
һ̣ǿǷ׷ױ۾ͬʱĺţ
ΪҶĳɳٶʵ̫ˣҲڹϣھϣҶȻһĲ࣬ڣ֮еκһˣûʮİգ˳ɱҶ
ռķ̫֮ǿֻҪҶܹϵʩչôֻҪԴﵽĿռ֮ڣ޵еġ
ʱÿռ˲ը˭ֵܵס
ȻҶԵͬտռ䷨֮ˣˡ
ǸɱƺҲûϵԼڱصõһǵûɱҶȻҶڷ֮һΣԭء
ҶȴǲŹᣬȻʧ˶Էǰͬʱɽٴγ֣ԪкӿԷ
ɱۿת׼ߣȻҶȴǴһʶһķ֮
ɽԷͬʱŵȴһա
ۼ˿ԿҶһ֮䣬ƺеâʧҶȭͷɱڵһСƬռ䣬Ȼͬһűһŵֽһ嵽һ
ʱɱֵΪ֮һͣղŵҶһһεסˣһ˲ͣͣɽĽѾ̴üġ
ɱȻ޷һʵüĴһѪĶҶſͣҪ˵ʲôȴһҲû˵ĵĲԵδȫ£ȻͺȻը


1590 
Ҷһ֮ɱֵ֣ߣȻǾǿߣҲλĸ֡
Ҫ֪ҶǰոպͽǮսһֺ÷Ȼ͵СսƬ̣ȹĻ󣬿ǼˣûɱȴҲС
ҶޱĿѾըƬʬ壬תһߵ˺ºͳߣȻڳˣеľǿһۣҶĿ⣬ûκ˸Һӣĵͷ
ߣҶҲûȥκˣѾ㹻ˡ
һ̣оǿߵжиͷǾɱҶ
ΪҶɳٶʵ̫ˣڣԼҲɱǼʱգҲٹһʱ䣬Ҷܷɱˡ
ϾҶոն٣֮⻹һʱ䰡
ǣ뵽λ֣ջѡ˳Ĭû˸ðսɱҶһΧأ
ˣֻעҶһ˵ıӰҲû˸ҽס
ȻҶıӰʧʱͻȻ΢΢һȻȻһֻϺһʺĿ籡
ºͳһһңæסҶֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţУǰʧ
ҶѪһĻȴþ˶ˡ
Ҷˣ
Ȼ˿ռķ֮ĸɣԼܹʩչҲҪһĴۡ
һĴۣ൱ĴۣǿǷ֮ô׾ƿصģõĶˣҶͻΪ޷ɶˣʱ򣬲κ˳֣Ҳˣ
ڳЩǣ̷˸Եò˵ǵķǶԵģ֮һҲһ˫нܶвͬʱҲԼ˺
Ϊܹʩչռķ֮ǱˣҲڿռķ֮УͺñȵλһֽУ㽫ֽ۵ʱҲٵܵӰ졣
˲ƶԷ֮ɱˣÿһʩչԼصĸɣĳڿռ䷨֮⣡
ҲҶԶҪǿԲϵʩչˣһغˡ
ˣҶҲѹֲסڵƣŻһѪ
÷ȻȴҧгݵĵȻҽȹɣıӦģ춼Ȳ
ȻЩ÷ȻеԭΪʲôȹͻǿ÷ȻӣЩ˻ûʳڡ
һҶһȺ֣뱱أʵ̫ˣδȥҶԼյĿռ䷨֮ԼЯʥ䡣
һеһУڱ壬ڣҪԸҶ˺˵һһĻϢ
ȻҲҪ¿ζԴҶˣҶĻͬ÷Ȼ˵ǣû
ºͳҶϵĴԽռ䣬ֱȥԶ˱֮ҶͻȻѵĽɽ˳˺µУһ仰Ҳû˵ͻ˹ȥ
¾еˣôô䣬ͣ£ϽҸطˡ
ȻҲˣڵҶѾԣҼֱһˣ¶ɢ˵ĺ⣬ɺ⻹ͨĺ⣬ΪƾǵΪҶôṦ򣬾Ȼò˹ֵѾڵĺ⡣
Ǻ£Ǿβѩһ壬Ǳϵĸ֣Ҷ̫ˣ֪ɺѾ͵ʲôز
˴Ҷһصɽ֮УҶ֮󣬼ͬʱҪҶҶԴĳ־޴ķ֮ǵ޷롣
ҡҡͷ㣬Ͻ֪ͨˣڳ˼⣬ûܹҶˡ
Ҳǽ֣˺һ۵ҪǻڻĻﻹҪһ˱塣
ʲôһ㶵Ǹղš
ղң̫ħģʦõһµ󷨣֮У˵ٿغꪣģ³ɱĸ֣
¿ЦõĵԭǾҶ˵ĺְҲ̫ˣҶΪľأ
̾˿ⶼǳ⣬Ҳ֮٣ѪǺܵܶԿ۹ϣֻн˵ͷǲţҲЩɣ㹻ˡ
ֻڸô죿Ҷڵĺ̫أҲͨĺͻȻһĴȵ֪ˣ϶ȹ


1591 
ȹʲô
治ʵΪ࣬˽ȻȲϺ¡
ȹʵӰеǶĳԵ֮ĵԣӶ̤֮·ֻӰȹʵҪܶ࣬Ȼڲ֪֮޷԰Ρ
ȹʲôɵģҲֻͨҶڵ״Ʋ⣬ӦĳֺԵҶȻգôɺȻڣꡣ
ʵϣҶھ궼һɫı˪֮иǱ⣬Żᴫôǿҵĺ⡣
ټÿռ䷨֮峬תҲ޷ѹֺ˻ԡ
Ҳ֪λ⣬ֻȵȵȿҶԼûа취Σ
ȻǸû뵽ҶһԾȻµʱ䣬ǲѽҶ˲ٷ֮Ծûѹ
ڼ䣬˶֪ҶԵľǸչܣ뾡˰취óĵҩͶ֣Сݺ֮鶼˳ȴʼ޷ҶѣҲһֱֵ¡
Ϊܹ֪ԾɴڣҪǲˡ
ʦһǰ취İ취ǾǵȴӰصĳ֣պµĻ˵ӰغȹԴһҲ֪λҶ
ûκΰ취£ֻҹػƬ̲뿪ȻϢҲܷй¶һ˿һ
ҶڱΪԼ֣۹ȸ൱ãʱ䣬ھȻѵõķƽ˾ʱҲҪѪİΣ
ڰˣҲѾӺɽ뿪ˣҶڻǰ¾Ͳ˲ƴһ˿ǣɽ˺¡
û֪ȻҶڻԣȴǱѣһĵطֹĺڰҲûκζ
ƬڰҲĴҶںڰв֪˶ãȴȻͷ˼ҲΪܵӰ죬Ȼ֪ŲԾȴ޷һ˼
һʬһ㣬֪ƣڰϵš
ǰ¹ȥ֮ʦӰؼ죬Ǽæˣֱǰصȥӭӣ˳Ľ˲ٷ壬ʱҶѾȥĸ֮á
ӰأȻǵǸɱͷģõһμˣ̲סɣʱȥ
󣬸һòӢĴкȻȻһЦ⣬ֻҪߣܻ˸оһֺڰϢȻΪ̫֮ҹ
Ӱصָ֮£Ѿ˳Ķɹ٣ˡ
Ҳѣ·ϵʱͽҶϸĸʦͽˣʼδ˵κλֻڵ˲ٷ֮󣬾ֱҪȥҶ
ȻԵҶӰسκҹԿ
ҹ˵ͷ֮ͻȻܳһӰһĳҶ塣
ȻҶ֮ͻȻɢһŨĺɫͬγһһ㣬׵ľͽӰӸ档
˾ͿһûʵӰӣںγɵԼٶȷɿƶţɾ޷롣
ҹӢֳͬһɺҲüȻȫĲٿӰӣ֮εҡҡͷʦУͻƲˣʲôȹȻ̫Ӱ滹Ҫ
¾ȵʵѵҶΪȹûȹǱ𣿡
΢΢һЦȹôڵҶȷ˵ӦҶ꣬ȹĻ֮С
ҶڴԽյʱһֻ̫Ӱڣ㱻壬ҿӰؼʱʯӰշ͸ҹ
̫ӰҶ嶼ܶᣬʵǿģȴҶ嶼ȥɼֻȹӾˡ
ǰ⵽ô£
ȻǺʣӰǰҲֻ
۳һµӦҶȹʱ򣬲ûгɹȹȴһɳɹļ󣬲ҿʼȻҶҶĶˣټִڴս֮У߶ȼУȹûпɳֱ֮սҶѪȹĻ֮С
ҶڤͱԴټĹƺҲԵģٶȹһãȻĻֱܻܿڻ֮ɢˡ


1592 ȹ
Ӱʼղټϴһ˿΢ЦףñǽѵҲȻ֪ôôȻа취Ҷˡ
ȹôô
ҡҡͷõĻסҶԶķʵ϶ҶĿܣղС̫ӰҲǱȹסģǱҶԼסģڻ֮УܵĿһн룬һұ
ǰϿ콫Ѱɣĸˡ
ЦݵΪȹΪһ壬һŷǿлѻǽȹץȻ˼ֻ꣬ڲ˼£ԼܷɹؼÿԼ־
˵֮Ѿһָֻ׵ľʹ͸Ҷ֮ǲ㺮֣ҶüĴȥ
üĵʱָȻһͬһļϸӰӣֱҶüġ
ȻӰصıࡣ
ҶԾںڰ֮вϵţǺȻ֣ΧһĺڰȻ˵仯
ͣ˽ŲͬʱҲһСӰӣڷļƬڰ硣
ֻƬƺǳĽܣƾӰŬʼ޷룬Ƭ֮Ӱֹͣ˶һ޵ȴǴӰ֮з
ҶӺǶڵ㣬㻹
λ˵֮ӰͻȻʧΧҲٴαԭ޾ĺڰҶȴвϵĻ仰
ҶҲŵΪʲôҪҵ˭ҵ˭ǸӰ˭Ǹ˭
һҶԺ֮зȴ޷ҵһ𰸣ƣУԸȥЩ⡣
ǣȴһڽ߾ȫĴ󺰣һҪ˼Щ⡣
озɿ˵ʲôԴһͷۣ̲סӡ
ˣ
ҶȻһ𣬶ĺԭҵԺ֮жȻһѪ⣬ţһѪǰ
ʲô
ˣ
ѪζȻ𵴣ͷųѪ⣬Ѫ֮УȻˮθ֣һǺɫһǽɫ
ҵĳ
ʶ˵仰֮ҶжȻ˹಻ϵӿ˽
ǲһ죬Ҷڰһ޴ѷ죬ѷ֮⣬ŵâ롣
ŹâԽԽ࣬ڰķѣֱ䡱һը˿
ǰһƬ貵ǿպƽѪ
Լǿգ
ŻʧеļҲ»صҶԺԼ֮ǰ顣
ȹ
뵽ԼԵףҶ¶һ˿
ٴθǰĿҲֱӶסԼĵسҲ
ϷȻһָСŮӣ㣬毺ãֻȻĪĳ࣬Ȼȹֱӱ仯ҶĿҪŮ˵
˿ȹԴһ˿ηͰ֮ɫƺ֪ԼĻƣҶ׵ķŹԼ
ȻȹĪĳ࣬ǻָѵҶȴǸΪҧгݵĵΪӵòҾͻŹ㣡
һҶдܳҪȹֱ
ȻʱӰصȴͻȻ𣺡Ҷȹ޶⣬ȻҲֻıܣҲףܷ飬һ
ҶȻҲ֪ղԼסʱǸͬСӰӺ˵֮˾Ӱء
ȻԿȹ飬Ҷһʱ֮ҲĲˣֻȹʵ̫£˭֪᲻Լԡ
ƺ֪ҶԥӰصٴδҶȹǼΪһʵѾΪһ壬Ȼԭ˵ƿأΪˣֻҪƴǵẦ㣬Ϊİ֣ܶ벻İ
ⷬҶȹ᲻ˣĻʩչ۾Ҫķ㣬ҲܹԼķԸȷΪԼһ
ðɣҾһΣ´ҪٸҸʩչҾͶ㲻ˣ
ؿǣҶ۵Ľ飬˵ͬʱûȹһ£ȹȻĻ¶ֺõЦݡ
ģ
Ҷʵܲȹһ˿ңȴĪ
ȹͷòҲ˲仯ҶһѪУ
ȻҶòȻŮԵ


1593 
ȹһͨ˵ģȻҲ˵ģһһ·Ҷ֪ȹûһ֮ǰûòһǻûĿҪ˵
Ҷڴӻ֮˹ŵڷȥҰӰصĻ˵ȻҶĸµʱ䣬ǵõȹȴڱס
ӰغҹĵҶҲʮֵĸˣǿǸүүߵͨСкʱ꾹ȻΪˣޱȵο
Ѫ֮صشϯΪʦͽ˽ӷϴϯϣ˰ѾԻշǳǢӰصĹ£̫ЩǶǴСģˣȻǼǷ
ȻҶҲԼ֮ľϸ˵˳ֻЦеţҲֱҶ˵֮ŵͷҶûҵǼƵľĸʯвŵˣ
ӰǱӡ˷Ƶľĸʯ֮У˵ʯͷ֮ҲĸֱӡҶܹЩ˶룬ȻΪһ
ҶĹƣЩˣԼĶţԼӰºͱˮӦöֱӱ죬׼ȵ˻֮̾ǰ졣
ʵûдﵽҲںΪ֪ʥǿдԽռķͬǷʱ͵죬ȻһΣԣҪðա
ҶľӰֻǵͷа֮ھסˣҪϹͷĵط㾡˵
Ӱصʵжߣû֪ƾľ˲жϳȾǿ߻Ҫһ㣬ܺۿˣ仰ھǸ˳һŶ衣
ۿžϯҪʱȻСݵҶ磬Ҷ磬˰
Сݷǳ£ϲճĪ磬ĪҲʮϲһ۰Ӧһֱڲٷס
ϯģΪĪ磬Ҳûû뵽˵Ҷˣææľ͸˹
СݴʱԭЦӰأͻȻ͵վϲ֮ɫһ˫۾ĶСݡ
Ȼע⵽۵飬ҶҲһݣæСݱߵǰǰôˣ
ӰȻĶСݣ֮ҡҡͷܣܰСһ㻹ǵ𣿡
Ļ˵һѵӰǰСݣ
Ҷ֪ӰѾʯͷʱˣڼһֱûгСݣֻ֮ǰҲ˵СǰѾڻˡ
뷨ҶǻҲ̫˼ˣѵСݾȻѾˣ
Сݵǲۿ˰ҡҡͷүүÿͻȥǰҼˣģСڣԺҿ϶ġ
ҶɫĽСݽ˺ǣȻԴķʽСݵ򵥵ĸۡ
֮ϵ飬£ҲѴҶûʯͷ֮ǰңչµʱ䣡
ȻҶȻѾ뵽ȻеĿ࣬һСŮȻڻѾַʽʱ䣬ʵ̫˼ˡ
Сݹȥô֮飬ȥˣֻҪһţҾͻչ˺Բίˡ
ҶҲǸСݵĳŵ
۵˵ͷû˵ʲôֻĿСݵϣƿ
ϯ˸ϢҶǸħ۹Ѫ֮еڼ˵һοˣĸ£Ѿʱ䣬ԱҪ
ħ۹ֻһܵǰ˷֮ɫ
ҶʶһɨˣҲʮָˣΪǾȻѾﵽ鳾ôôˣʲô𣿡
İϧЦŵͷкϢǡɽ޳⼸Ҫӭ٣˾ˣ
˾ǵھ죬ҶǵʱǾѾﵽ鳾ű䣬ôʱȥǵ֮ҶΪǴ֮£ǾȻɽˣ
ͻĺϢҶ㶣ع֮ȻҲǸޱȣúãóϽҸʵĵطǶɽ١
¡
û뵽Ҷոµʱ֮ͻȻ˳ص̧ͷȥһصѾͬһۣٵĻ۵˲ٷ֮ϣǽƣ
Ҷһѵ˵ھҪɽ٣
İϧҲסˣ¶ɻ֮ɫǰӦûʱ䡣
ơ
ҶĻ˵꣬ɫͻȻһãǹ߽ǳݵĽƣ


1594 ˫
ͽǳݣڸٷʱ򣬾ѾﵽͻƵƿ⼸µʱȥӭԼ٣ҾȻͬʱΪ̫ͻȻҲҶǳģϾйΪڻɽٵᣬٵһĴ
Ҷ˲˲ٷ׵ĺ֮Уǳݺ͹Ѿվڴ䣬ɫŵ̧ͷ죬Χ֣ΧƴվССںСҲı֮˳ĪԼսǴڴ롣
Ҷ֣˼ǳһҶҲ˺ѣֱȥͳһ쵤еģһᾡȫΪ㻤
ʵִ̫٣ҶҪһЩ׼ҲֻܾΣյĻ᲻һеıס˶ɹ٣ԼҲϧ
ֻ˼ŵĸǳݰɣк̴ۣӦܹȻȹ
Ҷ֪һ̴ۣпҲԼ˵壬ȷ༸ֳɹԣҶȴ쵤µţҲ˱˵ġ
ʱĵҲѾϵˣȻٲҲ˽ǳһ쵤Էһ
ҶֶĪ磬Ƚ뻭磬ҵٻὫ󷨻飬ʱ޷ܴ֮ѹ
˵ҶӦó󷨣Ļõٽ٣ͽǳݾͻΪ޷ܴ֮ѹֱӱѹֻжɽ١
ȻĪȴǿҡҡͷҪǶɽ٣
ڻЩĪ֮ĹϵΪܣľһԱ˵ĪˣƤСҲѵõҪվۿŹͽǳݶɽ١
ãҶȻܾܾҪ󣺡ǲܴС
ͬӰؿڵǵ߰ɣ
۱ǵİΣȻ⣬ҶҲмĳ۵˵ͷΪһҶʱ׼ְͽǳݣ϶޷ٷչĪ硣
Ҳߵ˹ߣ龡ԵɵСһЩעϾҲǳ֮ˣҸŮͳϵг˶ǽ嵱Ѫչˡ
ǶȻħ޵̬ڼߵǳݵǰļһĵǳݣͣ
ΪħޣǶڽǳȻرĹģԼķʽǳݹģǳֿ죬ԼԴЦŵǴ磬ҿ϶ɹٵġ
ǳǸԶ˵ĴħޣҶշ֮󣬾һֱҶĻĪ統ԼôҲʼռţǰȻ˲٣ֻȻе㺩ġ
Ҷʶɨһ۽ǳݣȻȡһƷݸϵѪʱҲᱣһ
ллҶ磡
ǳЦžܾҶĺ⣬óһɫӣҶǰһΪƷʦȻܹѾ˴·ĹӣԲǷƷ¾ͬԼĺɽǮĽǮһǿԸһġ
ýĶ֮ҶȫɢԼվ󷨵Уǳݺ͹屣ͬľ룬һ淽㱣ˣһ棬ҲԼά󷨵ȶ󷨱ƻ
Ȼ˽ľ֮£ٵʱ򣬺ܻܿᱻҶȴҲ˲ˡ
λ֣վǿʯ棬ǵǱ֤ʯܵٵĲ
һ׼֮йĽҲȫһ𣬵ײը죬һСһɫзܡ
꣡
۴ϸɫ磬ͬʱ£գܲٷϵĵӡӰ죬˲䴩ٷ壬ֱףֱ˽ǳݺ͹塣
ٵȫӶɽ֮κη
˴˿ȻţȴֻôվţûжҲû˹࿹Ȼ׼Ӳӡ
ΪѾõ˶֮ԽԽǿҺܴܿﵽ֮࣬ǰļֿ֣ʵڳŲסٶ塣
¡
ͬʱнǳݺ͹壬һĿɫâ˲ʧͽǳݶ˳£˿˿֮⣬ˣ
һ֣˵ԶȻԺҲġ
Ȼڶ٣ҲһԼгϸɫ֮󣬽ǳݵĿطһ𣬺ɫ徹Ȼ˲Ϊߣ߸¡𣬺ɫëǸֱͬĽһ㡣
˶ŵһɽζȻǽǳϵëսˡ
ڹܾȻ˸ָĳӣͬһɫ£쳣Ȼ֮£ѾڵϣһƬ
˵һ̶ֻǵڶֵ٣һѾħޱ࣬һٻ˳ӣǺ治֪мֵ٣ܷ˳أ


1595 ɽ
ٹȥǳѾˣѪɫëѪ͸ҵϣǸߴҲȻ˲ᣬ˸еοľֱڣûжǸӡ
ǳҪأϾǳݵҪǿĶ࣬ߵϣѾһһߵġ̺ԴĳӣҲ֮ǰٻĳӣѾȫ⣬ͬѪұҲĴ£ղŵֵļ򣬰嶼޷ˡ
֮еĽȴûҪɢļȻͬһ㣬㷭ӿԹ˶еһɾ޴ѹ֡
ҶѾۣ̫ϢĽֻһῴƣһῴˡ
٣ǻֱóԵҲܹסǴӵֿʼǿ¾͵סˡ
ҶڵѪʼʮһѨۼѨλ֮ƴɽҲ嵽üУѾ׼ڵٽ֮ʱְˡ
£ͬҶĵһɺ󣬲ʹһϲѿǵҶģҪ˲١
ҲҶ̶ֳȵȻҪǵҲ˿ı̷һѵҩͬʱȡ˸Ե
̴ڹͷʵ޻Ĳ֮ϿƵƣȻɣֻϧһѷ졣
ڳֵһ̾ͷųһɾ޴ƵƺӦٵȻڿ֣֡
ʱҶȻ֣Щָ·֮УȻԼϤѪ֮ƣǷǳʦ֮֡
Ҷˣһ͸ģȻʦµѪ֮ƣôȻСˣҲܹס塣
ͬʱǳҲǸУȻۣǵӵڵϵʱһɿ񱩵ս⾹ȻͬɽХһ㣬ӿ˳
ڳ˶Ǹ֣ȫܵɿƿֲս⣬һɫ䣬Ǽ𣬶ŽǳݺǸӣòǿսԳħɣǸӣǸӡ
˺ǵĻ̲סʵսԳħʲôǸôôǿս⣿
սԳħħ޵һ֣ħս˫һս״̬ʮѾʮˣһλսԳħ޵֣˵ˣʥ޼Ҳ˱ᣬ˵λԳħõһɫĹӡ
ĿɿڴĵܰɣǳݲҲħ޵һôսԳħ˹ϵпսԳħĻħҲ䵽־أǸӣǰûпùĻǴ񵽵ģ
֪ɫѵõصǳݹȻħ޵һ֣ħ޵̬ʵ֮ᷢ仯ģҲλսԳħ̬ǽǳأڽǳѾʵ̬˱仯ѵںԳ𣿡
ǳݱľеɣ屩ǵ࣬ϸëͼЩļ̣ȷԳˡ
˵ɣôϣ˳ɹ١
¡¡
ը죬۳ɺҶҲУֲ٣趯ͺɽƾ׳ܡ
𣡡
ǳݿһȣȻеĹӾٹͷ趯
Źӵ趯սͬˮһӿ磬ڳ˶ͬս֮Уɱ֣֮ʵԵ͵һЩڸ޷ƵӿٲȻҪսһĳ嶯
˿̵Ľǳݣ͵ٴͦΣŹӣͬһħһ㣬ɽӣ١
µ羹Ȼ޷壬ȫǸӸסˡ
ӷ裬ĴѣߣҴܡ
һĻʵˣһƬ޾ĵ纣֮Уһֻħ쳤Хӣ֧Ǻεȵ׳ۣ
ҶǼѣʵû뵽ǳݾȻǿʱ£עļ˹ϡ
Ȼûнǳİƺܵ˽ǳɽӵ䣬ȻҲХͷ֮ϵĺ̴ۣתָ·֯һ屣ĵˮ©
ӵе˼;ϲȻҲǿ϶ܹȻȹ١
˶Ϊ˳ŹٵʱͻȻһꡱ𣬺̴ǵѷ쾹Ȼ˼֡


1596 ڶƻ
̴ѷ죬¶һ˿ۣϾ⹫Ķ٣ҲֻܽҧӲţԴԴϵĹ֮Уܵı
ҶȻҲע⵽ˣŹڵλȥ˼ΪǳȫҪģǸӵʵ̫ˣ̴ȫѿĻǹ͵ûκ̣޷ٳһϮ
Ȼֵ纣ʧ֮еĽƾȻʼɢҲζǶ˵Ѿˣ
ȫ̧ͷעգҶȻе⣬ԭΪҲӦо֮࣬û뵽ֻء
˳˵˼ĵͷȻڻڶɽٵҪϲ٣ٵӦø˽һģ֮⣡
ڷ˽ɽٵ˳Ǿ٣Ϲ֣֣ͽǳݣ٣ҲǺģϾûҶô̬ʵ
ȫɢȥջָ̿ϴʲôûзһҲһ
ͨһԵڵأ˻״̬ץź̴ۣ׵ϴ嵹̥ǣղܵҲ֮»⣬ڳΪˣٵĴ֮ѹ
ҶԸѾӿ˹СĵĻ̌һԣҶҲϽ˽ǳݵߡ
ǳȻͷ­̬߰˫ֽǸӣŵ棬ȻҲѾ˹ȥ
ѾһסĵͷԼͬӵƣɳѸ٣Ȼ˵ġ
ô˵ͽǳݳɹĶɹ٣˶ʮοǽǳڶɽ֮ʱչ¶ģʱգȻֻѪһɽ
֮Ѫĵھλ죬޳ɽҲɹĶɹԼ٣˾Ҷǣ˾Ȼ޷ٻصԭȸԵУֱӽ뵽˵ʮ
֮ҶѹʼϢһһÿ˵鶼ĺҶڼĺ۹֮ĴսҲǳġ
ٴξۼһ𣬿ʼһжӰѾ죬δ뿪ļҲ˼ãֻħǵĵʱͿԺ۹չս
Ҷûֲ֯Ը۹ҲҪ취Ǹ
˳ҲӺºͳĿе֪˵ҶɱְɱľԶҶҪ¶гЦݵģҵĵڶƻӦҲὫʱٿܷѰһЩ˿ͬʱѾ뿪̽Ϣ
Ȼ˳Ϳʼչ˶ĵ飬ָֻٹ̣ؼڳʮĿֲ֯ʱҲܻ̫Ϣ
ˣھ˵֮󣬻ǾԭȵĴ㣬ʼʵʩڶƻ
ǣڵʥǣȻۣԴҶɽ֮Ҳûʲô·һֶعԭƽ
Ȼ죬õĻٴηΪһ벻ﾹȻٴγС
Ҷ
ʧ൱ʱҶȻٴ˻ǣֻһǰԣ˶ѾȽϤϹ飬ǵ֮⣬һкһϵ˼µߡ
Ҷһ˵ĳ֣˻ǵĺ䶯Ҳǵһʱ佫»㱨ȥȻﰵ֪жβǵ
ҶȻֳˣԴϴ˴뱱شһ֮󣬾Ҳûгֹˡ
ֲİɱ֯׷ɱʱˣʱӦһֱˣҲ֪ûиԭ
ҶûˣȻڻУ˭Ҷ۹ټأڻǶģһûˡ
ʲôǸ˵Ȼһ֮ס˽ǿһ֪ʲôǸϼһ˭Ӷ˶ˣѵҶʲôˣ
ָ׷״Ҷ˵ĶУһУһ˾ȻֳĮĵ̬ȣԹԵڻתһȦóеÿ˶֮뿪˻ǣС
Ȼǵ󣬸˲ϰˣеĿŵеǹĿȴһ
Ƿ֣Ҷһƺɽˮǵʹÿռ֮ţж٣ǿֻڻߡ
յҶǰС˰ɣѾ˻ĸ˰ɣ
Ҷ¶һ˿ЦԶأ٣ȺûһϤϢ


1597 ս
˷ճǣǴӻ·ĵһǣȻΧ֮ڣ乬ƿ֮¡
Ҷһ˸ո߽ǣ̾߸˹һĿ¶⣬Ȼ϶ǴźƵЦݣڸǲ۵׵ɱ
Щ˾ҶǰһҶЦеĴкⲻҶ𣬺þò
ǵȫĬҶɫƽĻӦˡҶĳ׾δλ
һòҺЦǶһЩСʶҶֵӢˣһֱг羴ҪҶύֻǿʼûлᣬû뵽ȻҶ֣ԺƤк˵Ҷˣ֪ƺûУ
Ҷһ⣬΢΢һЦ乬ĵӶֻСĻǿ»ҲûʲôˣôĽݲû𣿡
㣬ô֪乬ģ˶ʱϱɫȻҶ˵û乬ĵӣֻ벻Ҷηֵġ
乬ѪԶϳʢзʽҲȽر𡣡
ҶڵʵȻ׵ĿڲΣ˷ճǱ乬ƿأ乬ͬĽݷڵļǿ߶ΪҶĹϵԨ֮УȻûʲôʵԵָ֤ҶΪֻҪԶӾܲµ乬ҶǺ֮ǣϵ¶ҪΪ
Ҷ˵ٵһȺˣʼûƣһ̤˷ճǾ粨ȻѲ³Ⱥ˵ˡ
ҶԿ϶ܣȻŲ乬ĸֻֻ֣֮һЩ̽̽Լ
˱˴˶һۣȻѾҶʶƣȻҲοǵıгԶʱͷ˵˽һҶ˲˵ͬ϶ϣ׼ʱ㣿
ҶҡҡͷᣬѾܶ˽͹ˣȥͣЩǰǵûйϵôǶأ
йأ
һʢԽ˵ԽŭȻҶһѣ˶һ
ҶǺҲʦܣѪɱϣ۹ҶŸɵˣһ乬
ҶȻһ֮һģڣһԵѾ˳һѾץǸ˵ǲǣ
һĻĳ֣úܶ˼̲˲ԣҶʵȻᱻƵĵˣߵ˻ų֡
ѵ˵Ҷδ
乬ЩȻҲ뵽һ㣬Ϊķ߶֣Ҳ޹˼ɣȫΧһָıӴһ߳ûҶҪԿҶǷʵ
ħͺһһǰҶǰסЩˡ
ȻЩ乬Ҳʵ˶ڣǿϧǺˣգ۵ĹѾȫſ˵ϣǵ˻ڷǡ
̵УҶʼվһԹۿû˿Ҫֵ˼
ס֣
ȻһȴԶһɫ˴󲽶Ȼ乬ٹĽݲ
ĽݲߵҶ˵ǰĿ֮кڵ¶ɱ⣬ɨǰһȦſڵҶǵĵδҲ̫ˣ乬ĵ̣ûȥ㣬㾹Ȼҳˣ
һЦ乬ĵΣأҲ߾ߣ˭ǣˣûѾǸ乬ˡ
ĽݲøӵˣȻҪ̳֣ҶϤ£Ƭ֮ȴɱ⣬ֱҶҶɸҺһս
ҶһЦĽݲĻǾԳ˵ˣ
˵֮ߣǵȻ棬ھĽݲߵʱĽݲĵҶʲôʱͷڹˣ
ȻҶԾûлشɴ󲽶УĽݲҲû׷ȥֻվԭأעǵıӰ
ҶĽݲƣﳤȥϢܿʹ˳ȥȻҲֲ²⡣
ΪҶǲмںĽݲսȴһ۵㣬ǾҶδȻԸôܲսˣԸͷڹꣿ
Ҷһлû뿪˷ճǵʱ򣬾ϢȻ췽Ҽλϣ뿪۹ɱڵ
ͬʱ乬ҲǲԸķҶ뿪пʼǲټ֣׼Ҷ˷ճǣ


1598 
ɽ¥˷ճһ֮ھͳΪ˻Ľڣ˸Ŀ⡣
ÿ˶֪Ҷδǹαװյ룬ǲ֮Ʊػһս
ȻΪ¼ǣҶȴԾûһȻ˷ճסһס졣
ʱ䣬ûκҶǵ鷳һжǷƽ˾˶ֻ֪Ǳǰƽ
ֻǣҶ˵ĵȴٴ˵Ĳɣ乬˾ȻҲʼûг֡
˵ҶǲװģʾȻȵŷٰ֮ϻһ򾡣
пܣҲһˣҶˣңߵЩѣһߣڣ˵룬Ҳûܽô
ҵװģпⲼµĿճǼƣװĪӣø˾岻֪òó֣
ͬʱҶסĿջ֮У˾ۼһҶԲһ򵥵ƣʱ
ϹȿڵϢҵ˴ִ˷ճǣ乬ѾˣֻΪǵĵϸԲ
ǽŵͳ˵СѾ˼ʼղϱ仯òˣԿ϶ɱ֣ͬûһİ֮ǰӦǲᶯֵġ
Ҷûֻ乬ͷңټӼɱĻ̫٣ԶԶ
ħ̲סʵҶ֣εӶ˰
ȻԽԽãϾֱڣ۹¶ֻзңҳƺ伣һ㣬ˣϹ壬Щһ첻¶棬һ첻ܰİ
ô죿
ǵջǲɣǾ뿪ߣȻǿ϶ȥ׷ǣٵĻǾͲҪɱ󣬾͵ؽֻǵǻ乬˻ϵһе鷳ˡҶ˵תͷʼձĿһԵǸߵǰ𣿡
Ӱ۾΢΢һЦУ
򵥵һ֣ʱ͸ҶģеףǹΪյж̾Ӱˡ
ҶİȻǾôˣһ֪ͨͳһȽСͻȥһҵײһ׮鷳¡
һʱ䣬ѩ͸ıòСԶԶĸǵҪΪ˽Сݵ۾ɱ֡
ǵڶһ磬Ҷһ˾뿪˷ճǣУ뿪ϢȻҲòеʧΪ˷Һ乬
ȻϴҶϳôĿ϶ŹҶֻѵ𣿡
۹ˣ۹֮䶼Ϣ֪һЩǲ֪飬ʲô̡
һ֮󣬷Ȼ˷ճǣ֪ҶѾ뿪Ϣŭɶȴû˿ĵ飬̴˼׷˳ȥ
һ·֮ϣкΪָҶڵλã֮󣬷ȻҶ˾һƽԭ֮ˡ
Ҷ
Ȼǧ֮⣬Ѿ̲סķһ񷣬ζȻӿ죬תԽξ룬Ҷ˵ǰסǵȥ·
ϴηȻ͵ϮҶȴȫûֻһ˽ߣ˵ܴ裬޷ο²۹˶Կ϶Ѿ뿪˻죬ڵ֪ҶֵϢ֮Żһ·׷ɱ
ϴκҶʱѾȥ˴꣬Ȼۺ죬ն裬ĵҶʵѾߡ
ͬȰֵߣȴ˵ж̲סһ
ǿߣ
ȻѾ֪Ȼ˷ҳϣû뵽Ȼǿߣɴ˿ɼҪɱҶľ֮ᣡ
Ҷ̲ס͵͵һӰأȻ鵭۾δԷ
ȻҧгݣҶɣ
仰˵˶ʮˣҶĵҲ뽫仰͸㣬գɣ
ʱŷҲѾϵ˸˵ζԻҶĿее⡣
λǿߣҶܹɱȻ
ߣͷӲǲ֪ߵغ񣡡һӥмɨҶһ۵ҶҲ㲻Ϊǲôʹ죬Щͬ飬һȫ
Ҷ΢΢üѵǸΥʦֵĻ
һҰͷ߷ЦҶĻҲһɱˣ


1599 и
˿ĻΧ˵ĶУʱʶˣҿ϶ʮİտȷ뿪ˣȻһǿ˷Ȼ
һȻҲԶͷûıӻҶƺһѵõĶԸĻᰡ
ЩʼƽҶڻ˽Ų֮ɱ죬עǸҰͷߣԷҶ˲βܷŹ
ȻȻȴһֵգҪץסҶλһΪ󡣡
һЦԺϴųͲм飬עҶˣὫЩ˷
Ҷ׼ҵūɣ˵ĻȻЧһΪȻȥɱѣǵѪϴǵĲ
ȻȻ̬ſ񣬿ˣǲçײ֮µͬʱѾһ֡
һɫӷȻ֮ռ飬һɫչ켣Ӳӣ۷絶Ȼһ
𣡡
֮ͷųֲķӿȥվԶս˶ܸоǿ
һʵȻô죬ӻȥ֮ʲô̷ʲôҩɣ
еԾǲǰҲǺͷ˽֣ʱķȻûôǿʱʵ˾磬Ͱ϶ġ
ڽ嵽ԼߵʱЩδֵҶڳˣ
ˣ
ҶȻó˺ɽӭ
ﬣ
ײһ𣬻Ľ֮ӿĺԪ˲Ϣ֮ͽٿǱһ㣬Ҳûǰ鶯ͰԪѹþҲ
ɽҶܹõĺԪһܽд֣ˣֻҪ׻ܵˡ
ȻǼһʥˣϧ˺ɽһεġ
۵ͬʱɽҲ¶һ˿˿̰֮ɫ
ÿ˶ӵУֻһҶʵͬ޵Уڻ죬˭ȥ
ڲͬˣ˲˵϶뿪ˣôҲʱԶˣ
סȻɽĿ֮Ҳһ̰Ѿˡ
ûлҶ֮ǰһжֻǿ룬ԷȻһЦٴ֡
𣡡
֮䣬ĵֱضΪ֮ʧɫȻıɫ˷ȻƣҶ
˲˿۹ǲƴ֣ȻʥԶԶܺʥȣһҲϡ֮ȻڷȻȻһԸҶʵǴֱʡ
ˣ
һҶͷ֮ϸһӵĺɫ޶һɺغͲϢ˲˿
ˮϵʥ䶦
Χ޲ð⣬ƴĴſˮǸո˵۹ƴ֣Ȼһ˾ܶʥȻҶȴǼˮϵʥټϵĺɽֵԳʥ򱶣ǷʥҲȲһ
ʱ˼ֱ޲óǰȥȻԸҶ˳һ
̲ס̾˿Ȼиˣ
仰˵˶ĪѾŵҸҴģԻܵʥӺɽдĸǲ֪˼Ӳŵģ

ȻأĻ˻̲סЦ˵ͬɽһϹҲ¶һ˿Ц⡣
Ƕ֪ҶΪԸԼԼΪնҪԼӵеһЩöӶչֳ
񷽰ȻײǹϣʱҶȻܵҶΪд
Ȼ˲֪ЩЦʲôǶǵıҲĿ࣬»ôģЩη廹ûӣ
λǿȻĻиһ⣬˵ĴЦϵĲмͳ֮ɫҲǸŨΪǵУЩѾˣҶȻʱҲᱻϵΪطҡ
ž
ЦֵʱһĶҶֳֺɽӲĿǱ䶦ĺɫâһ̲ɫˮסıҲͬԪһ㣬ס
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮һ⸡֣ţڻХУһεĽɫâգֱӽıȫϡ
ôû˵ɣϵʥ긫ҲˣЦ


1600 
Ľʺޣ
еĸо
Ҷͷ䶦ֳֺɽֳֻ긫վЦĿŷȻı¾ôĻʵ̫ʧˣ
ȻγǺһĸоǺи˽֮ºֵܽӴ
ҶƣһЦ˵仰˸ңҶĪֻЩˣ
˵⣬ģ
֪Ҷǿ˫Ե֮ʱõľֻȭͷٻȻԷȻȻһ̬Ͷ˺ɽһ٣ٶóʥ
ַΪȻɻ󣬱˴Ҷδͨ㣬ƺ֤Ҷ
ҶƺǱȻĻ̼ˣɽ긫͹䶦Ȼͬʱջڣ˫һգһžžĹǽ춯֮ãҾͳֿȭԸ㣡
֮ҶΪ˵ע⣬ĵ̰ĿļȻѾﵽȻҪٹ̬ˡ
Ȼ¶һ˿ЦҲ˵ͻȻһҫ۵Ľ⡣
һ˷ľΪĺȻһɣͨɫͬƽһ㣬޴˸Ž⣬ֻצ΢΢֮£ޱȡ
Ž֮ϣһɺ嫵ѹ쵹תһ㣬˲串סƬ
Ŀɿڴλǿ߿Ҳ¶һ˿Ľ֮ɫ
ѵȻ֮һ̫˼˰ɣ
˭֪أ۹Ĵп׷ݵ죬Ҳʲôܹ
üͷ壬Ķпܽ࣬ҲʼԾӣͻȻһֱûʲôĽȻɻҲ
һɱ࣬Ǻ࣬డôܽһԼأ
ҶȻҲǼΪ𾪣ȴͬʱۣһ֮£һЦһƵӣǷҵʥ˲ֵǮ
ҶѾı壬һĽɫǿޱȣ֪ʲô취ȻܹͷųĽͽϵ֮Ρ
ʱҶõİ취ó긫ҲǿϵʥȻҶѾ˵֣ȻԷ
Ҷ˫鱧һӵĳǰӭͳ̼Ҳ˰ֱȥ
ҶսʩչѾﵽ¯ĵزǧ򻯡
޽ب֮䣬ͬһ֮һ㣬źն˽ϾȻ¶һ˿м֮ɫ̧һצϵ֮𣬻۳һޱ޼ʵĽɫֱӽ޽
ߣ
Ҷһٴ޽֮ϾȻڳܻ棬ޱȣƬնյͨ죬Ȼǿ֮л˽𣬶ҶʩչĿǶ𣬵Ԫܼοǽϵ֮ˡ

ɫ֮ʱȼ޽һ׾ٴŽնȥ
һɷŭϢ˲֮䣬ȻͬһԼɷŭȻɢġ
䡱һɢĽը˿ǧСӭž޽˹ȥ
ﬣ
ǧСͬ˻ķɶһ㣬Ȼ֪ԼǾ޽Ķ֣Ծ޷ˣǰ̵ĳ˾޽ȼյĻ֮С
žžž
һɫСڻ֮˲ըޣǸĽӿ룬ֱꡱһһȼŻĻȻֱӶ˾޽Ľ
Ȼ˽𣬵ǽһ̶ȣȻԷ˻еˣȻȻõľַԲǷʥôˣ̺Ľϵʵ̫ǿˡ
мʶϱ֣٩٩̸
޽Ȼնٶȴ˲٣Ϊڽ֮ϣѾͬһСЩ֮ӲײĺȼյĻҲ࣬ʱϨ
Ȼ¶֮ɫɨҶһۣ˿̵Ҷüͷ壬עſеĽ;޽ƺ뵽ʲô
𣡡
ȻһȻ˳ȥִɽֿһ㣬׵ľͽ޽˿УͻڿըƲֱ룬Ҷ


1601 
𣡡
˵ע֮£׼һɽĽȻһھͽҶȥҶƺ֮ûС
һ󾪺Ȼ˶е޷ţҶȻˣȻҲ֪˽ֻǽͽ֮ɣǱ£϶ʲô¡
Ҳüͷ壬ɫûǰĵΨһǸеĵģ˫۽յӰء

ȻıһЦ˫ֿ˶һһ־еĽ־ı仯ȻʼСֻӴСĹ̵ȴǱһ۵Ľɫ
ɫһȦһȦķƣֱȫʧ¶˱µҶ±ɫʧȥж֮
Ҷϵıʹ࣬ϸһͻ֣ᷢЩסĽɫ֮ϣȻĵ̣ȫҶǿ֮УһεۼɼѪ˳Щ̣Ҷɫ֮С
Ҷˣ
ȻΪ̫˷ܶԵеŤ˿ĸ˲ЩΪץסҶץסԼѣһӢˮļһ
𽣣ȻżģֻҪҶɫסôͲˡ
ȻûżջأҶڿУҪе˶ҶǱģ
Ҷһ벻ɣǲǺۺܣѪζܰɣԷģѪǻ뽣У֮󣬻ᱻȡʱһĺһڣ
ҶɫѾֽͬһ԰׵˼£Ȼסʱ䲢ѪٶҲ죬ǽɫĵﵽ֮࣡
Ѫͬʱٲ죬Ҳһ˵ˡ
ƺþȫҶΪѵ̧ͷŷȻĵĪǾ㷽ҵʥ
ȻͶҪֵˣʵǸϲŭֲɫˣҲóԼǿڵҶʵ̫˷ˣ
ԭȻ֮ӣǷҵĳ۹ĳҲһеǿߣͻȻֵҶȴǽһδβڽ£һδεĺݺݵĴһδεıƵǱܡ
Щ裬ڷȻУڽץסųԼǰ˲԰ǲ֪ԼˣҶǣΧΧߣһС
ȻյҶǰݺݵĵĸҲܵõȻʥҷ֮У۹еĵλʥ֪ͣԭ𣿡
Ҷƺ˵ûˣֻҡҡͷ
ã͸㣬Ϊһ˿Դ
Դ֮ؼ֮ԴȪͬԪ֮ĸһֱԴ֮ҲӦ֮ĳʼӵ˱Դ֮ȻܸõĲٿ֮
Դܻ֮˸ԣҶϾһƱԴѾ뵽˱ϵʥ۾С
֪Դ֮ȻȲϺԪҲǼΪ
񷽰ȻеоȻһ˿Դѹ˾ˡ
ʵԷȻʵ͵λĿǰܹʸӵΪϴβҶֿ֣֮ǵϾǷδϣټĸףҲǷμڿ˼λϵ֮ͬվͬ⽫бԴĽʱ
Ȼüɫ裬ץסҶͷֱĽԴ̧װѪʢѪŹҲ˵ģǵҵ˵Ļ𣿸㣬Ҿͻˡ
ɽ䶦긫أԾҲյ࣡
һˡȻĴҶ˳˿УȻ˫Բɣ΢΢֣ץ˹ȥ
ûκε谭˴ѲѵͱȻץС
ʱ򣬷ȻԼˣķչһеһоȻô˳ѾץҶһõ
ⲻΰɣ֪͸öˣα˷ôʱ䣡
Ȼ§Ц
ȻʱѾͬһ㣬ԴɫƵҶȻ̧ͷ¶һصЦݵ˼ֻΣ
Ȼ΢΢һʵʲô˼
Ȼ
һʯ쾪ĺͬһ㣬ȻڷȻĶը죡


1602 үӳ
ȻĿԼΧĿռ䣬ľһ֮£һ޴ѷ죬ռиƬЩ֧Ƭ֮пԼų𾪺Ͳ

Ƭռ䳹ױһɶĿĹâȻ÷Ȼʶڵס۾ֱ۵ʱ˺Ȼס
ԼпտҲǵúɽ긫͹䶦ͱԼڻǶôȫˣ
ˣҶʲôΣ
Ȼæ̧ͷǰȷվҶȫǸղǸɫƣһϢ˵ûеҶҶһ˿ЦĿԼңУһɫı
ǺҵĽ
ͷӷȻԺʱĳɵˣ
ȻղһɲľһʹɣǲѾˣϵĺɽ䶦ǲҲѾռˣ
ҶԴŵ٩ڽȻѹٿȻͷλɫĿԼ
ңҸղôˣ
ȻͰ͵ʵôһкղȫͬѵֻԼһΣ
ԼȫעҶ֣ôܻʱΣ
ӥĵûʲôɵɵվţô㶼ûзӦǶ˻һңȻĽ͸Ҷģ
ʲôȻһȻҶղŶҶʲôֽţ
Ҷʼֻһоʹζѣ
ΣȻôôʵΣ
Ȼ֪ҶҲһĸµεĻͲԾˣȹ
ڷȻ߶ǱбԴΪҶʱҶǹûκηɾԼ¡
ΪҶԿ϶϶ǺͷȻܽһģԸɴű֮ʱȹԷȻʩչȻ֮˸Σһ֪˱Դ顣
ȹȫ÷Ȼ˵飬۹һЩأֻϧǲִʩзҾǿ߻ֱһ𽫷Ȼ˹
ȻԼ֪࣬ǷȻһʧǵӣһʱ֮޷ܴҸƶ˲ʹԨ־޴οҪصǱ͸Ҷ
ԼΪݺݵĵ˷ȻһۣʱҲú˵ʲôͬʱҶҶСȻеŵЩСǲκãǸϽ㣡

ȻͻȻعһĵҵģ˭ҲܶҪɱƤĽѪ
ȻѾڷˣû취ܵĴ̼ʵ̫ˣԭΪ֣ԸҶ϶ֵȻû뵽˸ˣڲ֪֮оҶĵڣҲ˲ʲôһֻɱҶйߡ
λ߶ڷȻҲ˵ʧüͷȻˡ
죡
ȻͻȻһдλߵĻݺݵĶ˵ȥɱҶѣҶҵģסδķ֮ɱңȻҵϼ֮һԼҷκβˣ
ȻķˣȻֿλǿ˵˶Ŀ˵һ˿ɱ⣬ջǶһۺ˿
ΪǿߣǺʱֶԴ·ҼҲǱϹϾһ̣ҲĶԷȻɱģֻ̫࣬޷ֻ֣
ߣҾɱǣǾͰۣ
˽˺ǵˣҲһ߹ѪɢĿֲɱΪԹԵı֪ͣǲλȻӰڣϾԷˡ
һʱǣסۣһ֣ԸҲǴ´ࡣ
ӥߵԴ㣬һֱ˵ǰЦĿ˺ǵСʱ򱻹ҧˣȴ㿪ʼɣ
£ѾգƶԺǳ֣ȥ˶֮ɢĿֲѹ˸嶼޷ӶӲˣֻĿŴѹ¡
̲סСһүӣٲ֣ǾҪȫˣ
ʱʼձ۾Ӱ۾˫֮īһ޾ĺڶһĿӥһۣƺһڹȴûܹ
ֻȴǶȻͣλӥ֮ɫƺʲôΪֲ飬˫۾ȻҲīû˿۰ס
ͨһصԵڵأȫޣȻѾˣ


1603 жǿ
ӥߵĵ£Ȼ˵𾪣ǲûһ뵽ѾˣֱλҰͷɫ䣬ҷһļХ֮˲ŷӦ
֮һλǿߵХ֮⣬Ҳû綼ֹ
һλǿߣȻϢˣ
ʵ̫˼ˣ
ȻλɫҰ˭ɱҵĵܵܣǲ㣬Ҳ㣡
Ȼ̻عȴûһ˸ҿڣϾһλʢŭ֮µľǿߣһ˭ע¶ΪԼ֣֮
ֻʶķʽڻۡ
ղžʲôû˿˭ɱλǿߣ
ûУûһףĲûиоò˰ɣ
ܣ䣬ڰлжԷ϶ҲҶ϶
Ļǻ˭ֲֿʵܽһλǿϢɱ
ͷβ˶ûнɵĿ⿴ӰأǺЩˣȻ֪϶۰г֣Ǵ˿ҲԲڳκһˡ
۾жǿϢıеһλǿߣ˲Ϣ֮䣿
ǲ֪ȥʲôһ̬ڵۣǴϻòϣǶ˶ﶼκ˵ע⣬ȫһĺߣǲŲỳɵϡ
Ȼ˶֪˭֣ܲµó˱ȻվҶߵģȻĻԲֻܳ۹ҵľǿߡ
ȻǿҶĿֶ֮˼η塣
Щ˽Ǵ䣬һҶδлɳãһῴҶ֪÷Ȼ˸ΣڣֶҶ˼ɵΪ󣬻һλµظ
ȴ֪˿ںͷȻսҶΪܵ˵Ŀ⣬ȴ̾
ǰϳܱܲôɾ䣬ôҲװװӣǴһɱ˰һ֣ЩԭҲˣڶҪٴ¿ˡ
֮£ҶֻܴۣίĽԼ뷨˵˳
ҶԸնЩҪԼˣǴ˳õɱ֮Уһ򾡡
һжڰռƻУҶڳδļϧͬʱúɽ͹䶦긫Ӵջĳ룬۵ĳ֣һŬǴˮƯˡ
֪Ҷиػ£ﻹ˸Ҹأ
Ҷ뷨Ӱ΢΢һЦðɣһỹлᣡ
Ҷ֪ۿеĻʲôȻô˵ôȻԭģҲû׷ʣȫĶԸѾķȻ
ȻֻҶˣΨһĿҲɱҶڶ緢ȫǲܲʣԼгϵûע⵽
֮µܷӳȫʵҶԸΪɣûֻʱסѡ
ҽʣλǿߣڶſй˰ŭ֮˹Ȼתһζ˺ǵˣҧгݵĵ㲻ǰɣ㲻ҪҶҾɱǣ
£̧صĳŵһ壡
ˣ
һƵͻȻʼҵ𶯣ݷ˲Ĵһ㣬ܶ˶޷֮סΣԵһƬ
ꡱһ죬ںǵվĵ棬Ȼһ޴ĳ׵ѷ죬һڼԼٶӣѷ죬ؾȻֿ
治Ǿǿߣһ֮Ȼܹطֿ
ҶҲǰľʵҲҪƺ͵λǿֻǵǿֲġ
ھ֮ѿ¶һ׵Ĺ֣ڼǵ˵ͻȻ¶˾֮ɫΪǷԼ徹ȻԾɲܶ˵һ
ۿŹڼͬһž޴ͣҪһɵʱҡҡͷĵԼˣ

һҽжȻλĶΧĻͻȻ˵ǰʧֱû˵£ȻĲҽС
ߵʧ𶯵Ĵضʱָƽǵ޴ѷ޷֮⣬˶̲סǲ˸Ρ
ҵľǿأ
Ҹղź񿴵ѷ֮УһӰץס˫ţק˵¡
Ӱӣ㿴˰ɣôܻӰӣǹ£һλǿϢˣһλҲĪʧˣ
ȻһХ˵ۼ˼æۿȥ˷ܵĽе乬乬ˣʮأĽݲ֮⣬ȫϱǿߣɱڣǳҶģ


1604 ɱȻ
ֵĲ´󣬱Ǿ;ò񫣬乬Ҳϵˣּܲ˷ܡ
ҶȻҲע⵽乬ˣоһȻһԳôҲ˼һ£ҲĺͷȻȥˡ
Ȼɣ
Ҷһȣֱһȭ˷Ȼ
顱һȻֱӵ˳ȥˤڵϡ
ȥƴĻȻȻǱҶһЩҲԲ˲һҪڵѾһΪֻܷӳ߳ɣҶĶ֡
һ˦ǻָѣһܣŷԼλǿ߾Ȼһһʧ١
ʱ򣬷ȻʶԼδɱҶʵַһ
ϧ׵ˣһΣ𽣶͸ҶҲûѪ˿ıټΪλǿΪݣԷҲûиŶĺ֣˿ҶѾ˹
ȻҪӣҶղŵһȭȴǽˣ޷ֻۣһ߾ĺˣһԳ־עҶлڲϵĺţҶ㲻ɱңɱ֮ҷŭ۹ŭʱ춼ѪɺʬǱҰģ
Ȼ˻еţҲȫǼٻȻ۹һеĵλͣҿ϶ǲϧһдҪΪ𣬶ҳ֦ͬȻҲԹۡ
ֻвԱãǶҶȴһöûС
ҶЦҷ㣬۹ͻ᲻𣿷ģĸҺΪеĻֻӿǵһò˶ãǾͻžˣ
£Ҷ˿ԥһȭ䡱һ죬ȻԴͬڣͬһը˿
δļ۹һеǿߣƬԭ֮ΪΪĴۣ䣡
Χѻȸ¾Ѿϵʮ乬Ҳÿ˼Լ۾
Ȼ֪Ҷ۹֮ǲݣ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻľ͵ô˵棬ն˷Ȼ
һ䶯죬ܶᾪĴ£ΪԹȻ˴֮䲢Ҳ֣û˭ǿӲ̬ɱκһ֮УͬȻ
Ϊֻɱ飬һǱȻ֮ĴսǣĶʵ̫࣬û˻ȥ¡
Ҷˣǵˣһǵô˵棬Ϊˣǿƺ̬ȣ
Ҷɱ˷Ȼ᲻ɱĽݲĺЩǿǰ
˲һĽݲ׶༪ˣ
Ⱥ֮ٴδһھ̾ҶǿƣһҲڴķչ
乬ĽݲͷȻӵͬݺ͵λվھҶ׵ĵط֪Ҷ᲻ɱ
һ£乬ͻȻҶȫΧһͷ̫ţһ̸ڵľȣĶҶҶ̫ˣȻɱѵĴս𣿡
乬ʮˣĽݲ֮⣬ȫǰ׷ԲԣȻֻ˵λǾǿߣҲϵĸ֡
һȺˣԾǿҲ޿֣ټǲ֪λǿѾһһʧٵ飬Դ˿ȫûнҶǷ
Ҷ˵ϷȻʬһۣջĿ⣬ƽĶ乬ҲɱҾͻᱻɱôˣֻҪɱһ⣬ҿ۴ñӣʼգЩڱңûʦֳĻѾǧذٻˡ
ţҲһˣѵϣһжǿʵ˵ģ
ȻһйȣһڹʱҶ
ۡһڹ⾹ȻֱӴҶ壬Ҷȴ𣺡޼ɵɱңȻҲԣ
ô£
ͬʱʧɫٿȻͷֻҶվǵղǸڹⶴҶһҡΣžɢ˿С
ռ˲֮
ȻǶ˵Ҷ˿ռķ֮Ǵ˿ۼԾ𾪲ѣٶȣǿߵĿԷ֣ʵֲ̫ˡ
ˮٴһӹȣҶ֮⣬ȫɱˣ


1605 
һ£乬Ľݲ֮ĸȻ׼֣Ȼʱһϵ̾ϢȻ˵Ķ𣺡
ֻһ̾ϢȻʮ乬ĸ׻һ㣬Ժ֮кһƬһʱ֮ȫʧȥж
ֻȻҲע⵽˷̾ϢǸֱԼҪϰĲ۵ߣ¶֮ɫ
ΪǿߵʵȻ޷͸ߵʵòкɡ
ȻӰأ̾Ϣ֮ǰһƽ֮ʱһ磬˷ϯȥ
乬ĸڷоȻζ޷סһϵıⴵ˳ʮͣ
һĻȻûӹ˵۾Ҳȫסˣܹͬʱʮϵĸָˣӵжǿʵ
ȻȺ֮У֪˭СڵղɱҳϵˣӦþˣ
һ˭Ҳ޷ţɽ¶ˮûͷߣȻϢɱǿߵˡ
˭
˲ɱǿߣԲ֮ôû˵ôһˣ
˵ȻҲ乬ǵĶУÿ˵϶¶֮ɫͷ𣬲²Ӱصݡ
ȻһߵˣԸǶֽˣ
Լȳ֣νýйȻɨȥ
乬ͨóսԴ˿ĴͷҲǷ׷Ҷ˹˹ȥ
վԭأһƺûпǴźطĹȡ
һȺݺݵ۵壬ֵǣȾȻ۵ֱ֮Ӵ͸˹ȥͬʱһľ˷Ĳ
ԭÿһλ乬ֵǰ۵ӰǵĹҲȫ۵壬ϧͬһ͸˹ȥ
ʲôս⻯𣿡
⻯˭ͬʱôĻʮ
ѵҲͬҶĿռ˲ƣ찡ôСķΧ֮ڣ˲˲ƳʮλãҲ̫˰ɣ
ȻҶ֪ۻ᲻ռ˲ƣ֪۵ıӰӣֽڶ̱ӵĽⲫͲκʵԵ˺
㵽˭
׾ˣóȻȷʡ
ȴشͻȻʮͬʱ˻֣ʱһҺ֮𣬳ϺĽݲ֮ʮ֣ȻϤ˵ϣȻûһڵ϶վ
Ѿȫɵˣ⵽ģ
϶˲ƣ˲ƵĻԭصֻǲӰܻͬʱֻп⻯ʮ⻯ÿƺӵŲڱ˵սҲɣ
˭Ҳֻһ˶ѣѵҺһ֮乬Կ𣿡
׹˸Ϊǿߣݺ͵λǸ߸ϣӣ£ȻһͻȻҶһԣֱӻȾҡ
Ҷȫעעս֣û뵽Ȼʩչ⻯͵ϮԼȻΪʱʩչռ˲֮Ҳ޷ӹһȣֻҧӲǽ¡
顱һصҶļ֮ϣͷѵҶʱ;ðʧȥ֪ؽҧ԰御һˤڵء
˲Ȼɫ˭Ҳû뵽͵ϮҶʼδ仯϶ֳһ˿ʮͬʱʧҶߡ
ߣ
Ȼһ󺰣۹̰εضȫŷȥ⻯΢ӵʱ䡣
ò˵ǵϣ֪е£֮ƣ⹥ҶϧԼ⻯ֻΪܹ
ĴЧˣӰ֣ͽ⻯ʱһ˾ȻѾӵ˰֮⣬ֻʣ¼Сڵ㡣
ӰһЦλζѾ֮ϣӣ׷ȥ
ƻٶȴǼ죬һǧ׵ľ룬󣬷߹ĵط̾ͻͻȻһŨīƬڰȻԼٶѸӡ
ת֮䣬ԭվȻһƬǰڰһһ㣬˶ľ
ʲôʵδδţ
ǺηʥһԲ£ǿߣһȺĸŵǱӣ
ͬʱҶĶȴ۵Ĵô˻ᣬʧһʱ䣬Ƿģһڰиǵģ


1606 Ϣ
Ҷ֪Ӱĵĳɱ乬ˣʵΪ˰Լĵڶƻõ˳ʵʩ
Ȼ˶֪ҶȴҲۿ׷乬˶ȥֻҪ۲ҶߣôǵĵҲӦ㣬пܼҶӶ̤ѾΪǲúõɱ
乬ˣˣȻͬλǿҲȫڴˣƬԭ֪ĻԭҲΪε¼Ӵ֮롣
ҶϹվȻղŰһȲᣬûΣգɫƽɨһȦڳˣЩоȻûһҺӵģȫͷ¡
һ˶ҹɱˣû˲£
ħڷŵϷǿߺͷȻʬ壬ϵĿռ䳾ȫߣҶҲûֹǣϾǹ¼ҹһһȺֵܡѺ͵Ҫʵ
ǴհǾǿߣʯ飬ϧǸͷ֪ȥˣЦݣ͸ź
ҶǸͷǱ̫֮Ӱ˵£ҲȻѣȴ֪κ綼̫֮ӰҾͲڵǸǴͨһ·ҲԼ
ˣҲ߰ɣ
Ҷһת뿪ˣ췢һȴٴγųܿ촫˻졣
䣬ǿ߱Уʵˣÿ˶ڲ²Ǹߵݣֻ˭Ҳ벻ǰѾʧٵӰء
ȻҶֵжԹϵЩϢ֮⣬ҲΣòˣû뵽ðһλܹɱǿߵĸ֡
ҲǳķҺ۹̬ȣֻϧε飬۹Ȼ˼Ĭûκεľٶ
ţôҿ϶ǻᱨģֻڲ֪ʲô
֮Ҷһεٳ֣ûٴα˷
һУҶֳͬĬ̬ȣһ·ǰֻ֮ǰһλ۵ͷ
ȻӴһȺԶԶĸҶǵ󣬺֪ҶǾҪʲô
ҶɱȻֻ⣬ΪǷȻԼӷĸϹģ϶Ҫ
ǰֻǲ֪Ҫʲôһ·ǰòֱӱ۹ȥɣ
ɣȻҳҶȷǿǾǼˣ͸ֱ۹λ߿ҲһܶԸ˰
˶޷²Ҷжֻܼš
ҶٶȲһ֮󣬲һСҵջסֱӰĿͷ
˲²ҶӦҪˣȻûǣҹҶһ˾ȻʹӴ֮зɳҸֱӴ˿ռ֮ţ˽ȥ
ȻøǵЩ˸еɻѡ
ô£ҶôˣһԿռ֮뿪ǵȥǣ
ҿһ϶ǴŽͷŭ֮ɫʲô˰ɣ
żǲȥ϶ᷢ£ĵȵȰɣܿӦþ֪ˡ
ȷл·ˣҶԭ׼Сˣû뵽ϾĻϢ
Сݻزٷѩ磬ڰ·֮Ϯˣ͵Ϯ֮˲Ǳˣǰɱ֯
ңɱĿ겢ѩɷ磬Сݣ
ѩƴǱסСûˣǷ޵˲ᣬʱ
֪ϢҶŭˣĵڷˣİɱĿ겻ֻǿʼߵˣֻû뵽׸⵽Ϯ˾ȻСݣ
һ˲ϴԽռ䣬ڵڶİʱ֣Ϣһɽ֮ҵѩǡ
ѩ豧Сݣڵϣ϶ŸɺԵѪɷܾעΧϴüĵǣһɼǵ˺ۣѪⷭţֻͻ
ǿҶˣڸԳһȻĻ˵˫˫˻ԡ
ɱѾȥʱ䣬һֱŸ߶ȵĽţκ;ѾԶԶ͸֧ʵǳŲסˡ
СݵϴŻ֮ɫɫ԰ףȻǱˣҶֱ˵ĻĲš
ҶĬĬСݵıھΣⶼΪԼСݰѰˣԲŻὫǣ˽ҿûʲô󰭣ȻĻԼⱲӶ޷İ
Ҷô죿
Ҷû˵˫֮Уɱȴ纣ڷڵ뷨ͽж


1607 
ȻҶھͺ޲ó嵽ĴӪȥɱ䣬ȴʵľȻԭȵļƻյ롣
ҶҲ׼ٽСͻزٷˣԼ֮⣬κ˻СݣܷģԼߡ
ѩ򸾵ҲûΣգ˵ˣΪҪԸСݣһ޸֮СŮ԰չɳɱȻʵҲ̫ǿֻǱȸոճΪ˵ѩǿһ㣬ܹ
Ҷһ˸ɴʱƬ֣ˣͬʱҲΪԼһأЩ֮˶һʱ䣬ǵθڡ
֮ϵ뿪˴֣ǵг̣һ·С
ǵĳ֣Ȼһʱ˵Ĺעû뵽ǣʱھȻҲ¡
ļ£֮ǰһɽֻ֮֮ˡ
£ͬҲ֮ǰפ֮ⱻ˰ɱҲǴ֮ȫɱ
˲²⣬ֶԸǵģӦҲɱ֣
ϢĴ𾪡
Ȼ֪֮Ի֣϶ΪǺҶǺѣԸҶҲˣû뵽ȻļҺҲҵѵǿ˿ֻ죬ηĵز
˲²⣬°жԸҶ˺ģܹҶѵˣҪ
ҲһЩȴΪһΪǰ˹Ҫһ˻ˮ
Ҷ˵֪ϢȻǺ⣬ҶΪԼѵĵͬʱȴҲ뵽һİ취ǾԼβҲ취ίǳֶԸԼĵأ
Ҫ֪ȻĴӪңҵίǵ;ȴӦࡣ
Ҷ⣬ȵڶƻ֮󣬾תַҲܴίĹУ̽ѰǸ˿
Ϊƻ˳ʵʩҶʼһϵеΪԼʵʵΪԼˣӶɶԼľ衣
ҶǣǾͿҪִɱڵλʱִһ˵Ϣ
еҾǿߣҶλˣ׷ɱ乬ֵʱ򣬲乬أӡ˽֮У޷뿪
ϢǱ׷ɱҪĸ𺳣ΪʹţҶиֻ
ˣһ֮Ҷ˾ͷָԼˣиǳ˶ԼеϤϢҵйҵĹԼ۹ҳеһЩǿߡ
е㵣ĵĵ֪ǰϢǼ٣òı乬Ľ˰ɣ
˶࣬ȫΪû۵塣
ҶЦЦκ˶ܱأΨ۴˲ᣬıӰӣٻ̫֮ӰܹסӦڽ֮УΪ˰˳ɼƻ
ԽԽˣǶϵĺöڱصðʲôʱɱ󣿡ǵгѪԣƽ޷ͣ͵Žɱ֮ɱ䡣
żھɱֻ֮ңʱţȵǳ֮ٴǽɱܸӱ档
ҶתעЩѾĿŵĸԼǣȻд󲿷ֵˣǶıԼòǵϢȴҶ
Ϊ崫ˣ뵽Χɱ֮У˵лϾԶʤѣΪӣܱ¶ʵĿݡ
ʱһֻͻأĳ˵ͷϿգͬɽ㵹⻪˸ϵϣҪĳ⽴
ҶЦһɽַɳ޾ĺԪֱӽ״ɢ֮С
ǲҪǾ͸ɣ
̲ס̽ˣҶ֪Ĵսò˶þͻῪˣҪΪЩ˼һͣе̰֮յĸʢ
Ҷ磬ֿ˺öˣ᲻ϱ仯Щ档
СںǵıϣСĵ
𣿡ҶСݵЦеĵҲ˰ǿ̫ˣģҶὫȫߵġ
̲סֹõɱ󵽵ж̵ģʱɱǽˣȴ˲ǣʧɾʹˡ
ǵƶһƻʱ򣬳Ѿڿʼֲˣķ˴ʱ䣬㲼ɣʯ˵ͻ飬˵󷨵󲻴󣡡
ҶĵЦݣЦݵıȴźǵɱ


1608 ɱ
ҿ˹ҵļϲģףɣǿ߾ȻҲ뵽鵱У
̲סԼĶͷ
Ϲĵ徹Ȼˣ˭ҲҪҵģ
Ҷ磬Ǽ˺ϴڱмѩʾ
ħȻ˿Ϲ壬Ҷ֣֮ҲˣֻΣϤǵϢ
ʱ˿̣ҶһкȺŰԶңңţ˴˶ڹ۲ŶԷҶҲæŷֱŶ˵ݡ
ֵԽ࣬ÿҲԽӵĽţΪԷʵ̫࣬ʵʵ̫ǿˣŵ˵ôȥԸһĻ¶׵ƽȻҲǶ˳ɱôˡ
Ҷȴʼƽ˳űûеģĿǰҲԭԽԽãýȫ
ô˵ƱػһսҲкܶ˵ľʹ䣬ǵѪȾأȻҶҲһΣգΣղŻи߻ر
ҶĿһۺǶɣ
Ĵ壬Ѿ̵Ĵׯ֣ǰҲһ˻ЦĴׯϧ֪ʲôеĴ񲻵òѡ뿪վã˾סڱ˽⸱ߵľ
ȻҲ˳ɱĵص㣬滷ɽ˼ؼǣﾹȻһڣԽռݵҲᲨ޹
ɫѾȫڣҹ֮ϸ߹һ£͵¹Ĵ壬Ϊһ˪ɢ˼˿Ļ֮
ҶѾһ˻Ĵ壬Ȼûм˳ҶȴĲӿĵ˵ѳɣֻǻδ
Ƭ֮Ҷ˳ĴһǿҪеΣգΪΪ˼Ӵ󷨵ҽԭķΧСʮʮңԣҪ˶뵽Χ֮У󷨣ܷӳ
ʮ𣡡
Ҷ¶һ˿ǣʮľĲ󣬶жٸ֮࣬վ΢㣬ܴﵽһЩһ֣ƻҲܴﵽʮ֮ң
ôСķΧ֮ڣҪһսһ߳ŵ˽룬Ҷ˵ȷǸѵ
΢΢֮ҶڵһҪȵ˶룬һл԰ȫΪأΣգô󷨣Ҳκһֵ⡣
ף
ˣ֪ͨǼռݺλãȥ˹
ҶСս˺ɽҲ׼ѩͽȥģ˾ܾˣΪ˸Ҷæ׸ģңĴսǵΪҲżĺôҶֻͬˡ
Ҷһվ˿УԶȥ˲ûȫվһ𣬶Ƿɢ˼Ĵ֮⣬ҲģվԶģҲٵģйһ˵ģҶɵȴҲǣÿһǸ֣
ȺȻ࣬ʵɱ֡ҶĿ磬֮£κ˶Ρ
Զ乬壬ңҵˣܺãԶϹ壬Ǹһ˵ģҲϹɣص̫ˣ޷͸
ȻҶĸо޵ĿעԼϣ΢΢һɫĿȥۼĸˣȻıòҶȴ׵Ŀ͸ǡ
ĶһԸҵģû뵽ҲˣһҲһ㿪
֮ͻȻƮһƬصƣסؼʱһƬڰƬڰУһĿĹâȻ𣬺Ȼһ⣬ɱ⣬磬ԶֱҶ˹
̲סһˣ
ʵЩ˶ҶǴﶼ˲Ծֻ˶ڣҶǿѪ˶ֻҪǸص߲֣ô̫ЩǿҲΪ塣
һֻǶҶ̽
Ҷ²͸һ˿ЦѪҺһ̶Ϊ֮ڣһѾܾˣˡ
֮һҫ۵Ĺ֮رѣݵ촷ۣһߵҰֱըɻҽŻصϢҶǰ
ۡһҶ屻ֱӶûκѪҡ˼±ɢ˿С

һҽȴǴ˵Ȼһ޴ѪڿţҶĽԼѪ͸ֱ۴һʮͨڳ
ĶԺžˣ
ߴĲʣӿˤȥҲʽ˴սĻ


1609 սʼ
ҶԼ˵һĶҲû뵽СӣȻ׵ĽԼɱԼû˿Ļ֮ȻʣȴҲΡ
ĶһˣȻû뵽ҶȻһԸĶסҶҲѾǲǱˣǵǿаռԼոһ֧ļˡ
ļҼĲΪĶֶԸҶ£ԸҶΪѣΪ˱̬ȣ⽫Ĳһ֧ȫҶ˼ȻҶ֪Ϊʲô˳Ҳ֪
ȻˣǾǵˣһѾˡ
û˿ԥҶٴγ֣еһ⣬ΪŽ˺Ƭ
ǷȻ͸ǱбԴҶ뽫һ˿Դ뻢긫Уֻϧһֱûʱ䣬Ҳãϵ޼᲻ݣɱΪʡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶɱˣΪҲͬһһ㣬׵ȼЩ˵ɱ⡣
ɱ
Ⱥ֮У֪˭۸ߺȺ鼤ܣ׷Ӧɱ֮𣬾Ȼƶ΢΢嵭˼֡
ɱ⣬۳ɺأȾһȺ˼ǷܲҶ˹ȥ
Ҷֹˮɫƽӳٴ׶ǰһ˵壬ȭԵĿ֮кݺȥ
飡
ռֱѿڰ֮УһɱؿڻȻһ󶴣
ͬʱǣϹ飬ħѩ裬磬Ҳ׷׶ˡ
ɱ죬սӣɫĹâڿţÿһâʱ򣬼һ䡣
һݷ𶼷ˣ֮еŴ̱ǵѪȣÿ˶ȫ˿ı
ǻڼ׺ë𣬿ȻһǺǰ֮ڣؾ𶯣ͬСɽһСʯ򣬴ӵ³ޱȣ֮ˣ㲻ҲǽϹۡ
ʯڿгһֱߣĺɫâͬŴյ˼ĺڰһ㣬ܵĿȼ
ʯַΧ֮ڵˣ̸оһȺͳɽѹǾٲά衣
һһ޷ѹҽ֮˶ʱը˿ѪĽ˿Уͺɫâһ֮͡ȻɫĻ磬ǵصӶȥ
ȻΣ˫ȴǱɷצȫһƴĴ򷨣ǿ壬Ⱥ֮кֱײ֮϶ɲץֱۣ߱һץɼء
Ϲţͬһֽһ㣬ҫƬڰ֮֮лḡһͬ֩ƣ޷ܹâһݣ¶ڰգڱâֵˣһǿзҽУ˫˲ʧȻָϹĹѾǵǰ׵ȡǵ
ħֳһììͨɫһִﵽϹĹͷƶɣì͸ޱߵɷɷһЩӿޱߵĿ־壬ֽŷʧȥж֮һ̣ìͻᶴǵ塣
ÿ̴һˣǵѪͻֱӿì֮УΪһǿŹì
°ɫɮۣ棬ׯϣͬһһ㣬Ⱥ֮Уǳ֮ȴû˿ԥ飬ʱһֻɫƴʱз𾭣ɫʱûһŭĿգħ
ѩͬȺ֮дǵľʵȻУӵеļٺĺȴܹΪԼⷽ
ǹſԼħ࣬ûзϮʱѩͬһ̳󣬺ͬȪˮһӿ˲佫Էסһת̧צӣ׵ĽԷĳ⽴
Ҷûκε飬Ϊ˶Ϊ߾ۼҲ࣬ƵòȫԸ
󿪴ϣһʮ׾צ֮Ľǵصӿķһˡ
ع飬ҶԾȺǿͬɽһ㣬ϵײڵ˵֮ϡ
Ƭ̹߾Ѿʮˣÿ˼һû˿Ļ֮
С£ǣǰ֣עͷ˲Ҫսߴˣ㽫ɱΧ
ʼղ֪ںδ˳ȻûֱӲսȴΪһϸľʦ۹·˷ƿȫ֣һ֪ͨ˲ҪսһҲʱʱûע⵽Σա
һսս˫ݷǲĳһ㣬ɱ۾


1610 
Ƭ̵ʱѣѾʮڴˣȻĿǰҶռƣһ˶ûܣǣⲻǸոտʼںǶֵĶһЩߣĸִ˿ȫΧûг֣ʼԹۣѰźʵĻᡣ
ҶΪɵϹˣһҪɱֱɱ֮⣬˶֪˺δս֮УҶҲ޷͸Ⱥǡ
ȵǳֵĻôҶߵ˲ͻᵴȻ޴档
ˣ
ҶѪɫ棬ȳħߣһȭһ˵Դ֮󣬽ɫԼӴ嵲סһȺˣħҲûƬԥתߡ
ȵħ˿֮ҶͬȰĳ˱ʮΧסϹ֮ӲĴһȱڣϹ˳
Ҷ׼λõʱ˳ٵ𣺡Сģ
һĪΣҶӿ˼ҶѾ˸âһ̣һɾ˵ӿ£˲ͽɢ
֮ϣҶĳһߵɨǧֱӽԴø߸߷ѪͬȪһӲ֮
乬֣ͨҶжжϳĶ֪һһΪͬ鵲סˣͬ鳷ߣͬȰȻͨıؾ֮·ϣҶչ͵ϮͬʱȫͼһٽҶĳ⽴
˳ѣȻĻҶ㲻ҲˣҲڹؼʱٴʩչ˿ռ˲ƣܵЩֵ󣬷ɱһˡ
ͬʱɫ䣬ǱڱصõһǵûɱҶԼⷽһˡ
Ҷȴֻɨһۺתʱ򣬲սʱ򣬱ҪٶȽ
ʱҶͻȻ΢΢һȻָ̻ԭһĻȴһЩʼն˸ˡ
ߣȻҶڵʵٿؿռ䷨֮ǿÿʩչһΣھͻܵһ㷴ɡ
ʩչˣַɻԽԽǿ󣬵ʱ˵ǳ֣Լͻύˡ
λ乬ֿҶսߣȻϾʹ˷Źת׷˹ȥ
ҶߣӰΧ֮нȳֺͣĳ˺ǡ
Ҷһ˶ǰ˻ص󷨵ķΧкҲͷܡ
ҹ֮УӰǳˮһ㣬Ҷֱӳ˹ȻǶ뵽ǴսѾʼԲܾʹͣ£˶ڣҲûн
Ҷˣ
ħȺӿ֮У̲סѡ
ЩĸֵڶûжǼһᣬסЩˣȥ
Ҷ仰֮󣬿зһХɽͷ˽һͬһӲ˳֮дһհ׵ش˰Χ
ȻҪ׷ɱҶȴѾдܳĺǵ˸סˡ
ݡһڰ֮ͻȻһɫȻ˺ǣѩ÷֣ӿӲĽסϧˣٶҲʵ̫죬ȻںǵϴһѪۡ
ɱʽˣǾȻҶǶҶˣȻҲҶһѾ
ž
ѩʵλɱʵϴԺֻܽסɲǣѾ˱飬ҽһתȻ˺ǣѩ衣
𣡡
һǺеĺɫħѾﵽʮʮ飬ͬ٣һռ䣡
ղźǶɱ֣Žѹ׵ı˳
ռ¶˺ɫգ̾ͿһԾ˳ȻȻڲǰУٶ˲١

ŭˣһ֮󣬾ȻŴԼͣһѪֱҧɱֵĲϣ͸ԷĲѪӿ˺ǵĿС
źһ˦ɱֵԴʱ˲ӣ͵ڵأѪ
Ҷ磬ʩչ˼٣Ȼ˲ͳ󷨵ķΧȴһȺ˵İΧȺ˵ʵȸղ乬ֻҪǿ
ȻǶĿҶȴˣЩǵҵĸ֣оλ
ұҶûϵģȴһλ˴ʥս֣֮ǲҪɱҶʥʦܣͬʱҲõʥսĴУһѩμ衣


1611 սȺ
Ⱥ˵ĹҶѹΪָûκεĹ˼ɣȫҪɱҶ۹ˣҪҶ
ҶǿҲͬʱסȺ˵ĹԱƲ֮£ֻٴ˲ǿΧԼļƻǼϹ
ˣ
һͻȻҶͷѹɢľȻǴ·ͬոһסҶߵĿռ䡣
ͬʱһգҶüĶȥɱ־ȻҲˡ
˫ع֮£ҶΣյ˼£˫֮г̫ͼֱӺռ䷨򣬽Ƭռֽͬһһš
䣡
Ǳȫڷֱ֮ӻΪ촷ۣҶҲĵĴ֮ӳһѪ
ղСĿռ֮ж÷֮Է٣ԼҲ֮顣
Ȼӳ֮ܵķɣڵƼء
ߣӣǺԸǣǾͳȫ㣡
ҶĶܹϹĸ־ȻҶǰ
¡
ҶӦռ䶸Ȼըֻ޴ĴǾȻ֮Ҷץ˹
ˣ
ɽ𵴣ԪͷųͬʱҶһѪ֮䣬ͽһֻǿء
Ϲˣʵǿ󣬶ʹõսҲǿֲ죬˷ʤ
䣡
һ춯صҶͻȻһȺɫĴţŻӿһɿֲ֮
Ҷؽҧͷһأٴ˲̼֮뿪ԭأ˰׿⡣
ȻһһڽϢĴüġ
һΣҶ˲ҲʩչźڽԼԽԽüĶȻѿɫֳѪͺڽײһ

Ҷ³һѪѾߣ򵥵ʶ̺֮ԥĳϹ
Ҷԭȵļƻǲ׼ģΪԴϴԨʩչӡ֮ڵĴ֮ƺѾӾ磬Ϊ˱СݣˣҶκε⡣
ʵ̫ΣٲѳľҪˡ
ѵȷʵȺȻͬʱϹ˹ҶҲô˻ᣬڿȻתֳݺݵա
ղɱֲ㰵ɱɹͨ˫ײҶԸоɱֵʵԼ֮ǰɱЩɱֶҪǿ²ܽɱҲҪȽ
Ҷ۴󿪣ȫ֮£ɱָ޷ټ֮УòҶչ֮ս
ҶĺͷŭѾﵽ˼£֮䣬һֲҪĴ򷨣κηԹء
ﬣ
𽣺ͺڽڿԼٶȲϷײĽֱȻƵһʱ֮䶼޷ǰ
˵ʵƺǲ£Ҷǿ˸ؿӲ˶ԷһͬʱԼе£ֱӽԷ룬ѪԼһ
ͬѪһҶ򴽱ߵѪɨһȦվԶȻûжֵˣȻֱӳ˹ȥ
ò˵״̬֮µҶ󲿷˵ﶼһ˿⡣
һЦ˵ӲģӲºģ²Ҫģ
ҶѾǲҪˣǿµʵ޴ļĲҪм˸ҺƴǾǿҲõܿһСģͻԼ
ЩȻûֵˣΪ֮ˣΪһֱڵǸߡ
߾ͲڸĻôǾԻѡת뿪ǵȵڣǵûҶµЩǿҲһûг֡
ǸղҶͱɱ£Щ˶ûг֣˵Ĳˡ
һЩȻųҶһЦҲͬϹһӭȥ
Ҷ΢սһ£ǶѾ˳У󷨰ɣ󲿷˶ѾˣҺҲŲ˶ˣ
Ҷæ϶תͷȥֻѾڴϹ˱սˣ󷨷Χ֮ڣɽ˺ɱ죬ɱʬҰѪɺӡ
ȻĶǵˣǺǵҲΣ֮ϹѾ̫ڣħվ϶ǹ˺ۣѪ졣
ѾǿħХʩչסٶʮˣԼȴھҵĲţﵽ˼ޡ
Ҳ˱࣬ǿ֮˺ۣѪעȻԼǿдȺ֮вϵѹ
ֻа״̬ãһɲȾѪԺַ֣⻤壬Ҹվһ˲񣬲ˮһϵĲȻҲŲ˶ˡ
ȷٵˣɱ


1612 յ
Ϊ˸ЩȻδ뵽󷨸ǷΧ֮ڵĸǣҶں˵ͬʱͷ䶦ֳֺɽֳֻ긫۾岻
ʥӺɽҶȫʩչ˳ȻЧٽ֮ˣ˿̶Ѿ޷סĵĿˣ˷ܵ𣬼һĳҶ
ɽҵģ
һòĿ׳Ҷͷ֣ɽֱҶеĺɽץȥ
µͬʱֱӱ˿ռ䣬޾֮кҶ˵ٶܵӰ졣
ǿߣ
ҶȻǳɹеˣҲԼĳѶȣв²˻УѾɥЩ˵ˡ
ؽҧҶþȫ긫ͺɽͬʱֻֿȥ޼᲻ݵĽϵͺɽĺԪӿƵλǿҲòݱ棬ջơ
裡
һţͻȻҶ´֮ϣֻʮ׵ľ޴ţ͵شӵ̳ţǵļ˸ŽĹԡ
һλϹȻΪ˱֮࣬ڵ£͵ϮҶ
ҶоⱬŤԼһСƬĿռ䣬һֻţѾǷϢӲĻ·Ƥ¶һһߵѪۡ
ݣ
ƿ֮Ȼһɫļʸһ㣬Ÿոմţǵ͵Ϯ֮ӹһٵҶ
ʸڿвϸתֱӵȼ˺ɫĹ棬һҶ֪Լˡ
ʱ۾ҫ۰׹⣬һŨ˼µĺֱӭżʸȥӲĽ䶳˿С
ǣ
ʸ̲صΪˣ޷ס֮˲Ѿƿ˼Ҷ
Ȼֹֻ˼ʸ˲Ϣʱ䣬ҶȴѾʱ䣬΢΢塣
ۡһʸֱ֮У͸
Ҷ΢΢һȻԶ֮ˣΪ֧ʸʽ͹켣Ȼʦżеơ
ԶһɫӰ޳ҶۿʵĿ΢΢һ³ݡ
Ӧ۹ؼҵһλΪȺǿߡ
ڷ˽ʱҶ֪ؼұż壬ȻʩչʱչֳѪ֮Ʒ¿Ȼ޷żȣҲľ
ʱ˿̣ܵҶĿ⣬Ⱥ¶˵֮ɫԼܹһҶеϾȻҶС
ߣҶҲˣ뵱ڷ˽ʱɱҵһֶӣҾΪ𣡡
ȺҶԺ֮УҶҲ˽Ǹؼ֮꣬ԭֶӡ
ҶһЦҲȺƣתʩչ˼ޣ󷨷Χ֮ڡ
Ҷ㻹ܣ
αأԹͣ£Ҳǻ㲻
һɭȻɱҶĶ߻صţȻҶô˵Ķ֣Ҷٶȴǿ쵽£˲ͬһ˴֮Ҳǳ䱸һʱ֮䣬Ȼûܹ׷Ҷ
ҶıԵֻʣ²ǧףȻ˲ԽЩͬ˲׷ҽɱҶȻҵġ
֮£Ҷ⵽ռ䷨֮ķҲڷһѪ˳ȥ
ȻѪȴǾһ
ΪѪȥ֮󣬾Ȼڿ۳һֱߣ׹䣬Ҷд󾪣æһǰʮ׵ľ룬һ͸ߣñֱĺب
ѪϣôԼ޲£ڵٶֱӳȥĻԼԴԻᱻ絶߸׸¡
Ҳֹ֪ɱ˷ʽǳ֮֡
Ҷ޵˫֮ж𻢻긫ֱ˹ȥ߸ϣԼҲһ뵽ɱķΧ֮С
΢΢վΣȴź˽ԼҲʱҶȻһ󣡡
ʵҶƴ˳Ѿ̤󷨷Χ˲ͽɱˡ
䣡
ʮͬѰ𣬷Բʮĵ֮¶Ȼʮŵʹߴףһ˺ϱϸ
λλõǵʹ֮Уһ籦ʮĵɫźХ֮˷Ĳ¡
ʮŵʹټʮĵɫԲʮиʮ˸򣬶ÿϿմ˿̶Ƿӿһɫڿл۳ɸʽ״
ȵճ֮󣬺Ȼһι״ĶòֲеĳֿȭеֳзߵĹХ֮
ֱʱҶڳһ󷨣λӭʮ˵󣡡


1613 ʮ˵
˿մīɱ죬ټЩ۶ɵĶͬһϵԭֵ赸Ǻ֮Ǹоͬ׹ʮ˲֮У
Ȼ˳ѪóģʵϾǽʮ˸С󷨺һϳһ󷨣ÿһ󷨴һÿǱ˴˶֮˺ȫĸ˿
֪ȻΪ˷ֹЩɼʱһпܹ󷨡
ÿ֮еˣһ𷢶Ҳֻƿһ󷨣Ӷǽ뵽һҪͱҪʮ˸ͬʱƿ
ǲܵ£Ϊɱдǿɱ֮һɱ֮ͻῪʼͷţǽȫƿѾᱻɱ
οҶҲֻվһԿţǿ˳ָ£뵽κһУԴ߶֮ɱˡ
ʱ򣬱еǴ󲿷ֶѾŻˣǴǿͷųɱ⣬׵˼ˣÿ˶ɱлδʼ
ô죿ô죿ѵҪȫ𣿡
СѾʼôſǻĺţֱ۵ڷյ֮ǻᴫȾģʱвҲʧȥģʧȥϣʹ顣
Ҳÿ˶ЩŽеĸǣȻɫҲÿǲδϣǼǿߣԵɣΪܹסԼ
乬߱һ𣬶ڵ޺Ҳģޱȵķ꣬һ˴һ죬ٿɱ㣬һ󷨶ѣʲôûŵã
ҶվڿУ֮ԾɲǸʸλֵĻһЦȴǿʼɣ
𣡡
ǣƬϿգ۶ɵЩ̷У£˵ʵֲӾܽ˻
Щʵ۶ɣǿޱȣҪǲ
㱻ɢˣ˲۳Σսľʧ
ۣ
һֻ嵽棬һɫݺݵõ˸ղſ޺˵Դ֮ϣʱԴͬһը˿
վԵļѾȫɵվȫûзӦѾļֻɱ
Щݷڵһ㣬һ׺ݣѪɱ֮ſʬϿʳѪ⡣
ֿʳȻǼٵģЩʬ֮Ӷӳ󷨵תʱ䡣
Ȼȥʯټϵµ֧Žȫɱ
ɣ
Ҷһ£ÿϿյĶһӿ£·סȺ
һҽжʱ˷ѪĽɣȾѪ
ʮ˸ٲȻΪʮ˸ĵ
ڶѹʶҪĻǾֻܺЩƴƴӮҲĻᣬһҲͬ˿һӭ˶Ⱥ
˺͹չ˻ս
Щ˱Ͼߣƴ״̬£ԵǱȫı˳ղֱɱζʱõ˸ı䣬ڱɱͬʱҲϵĿʼжɢ
ߣҶòΪƾЩСܽȫɱɣ
Ϲ֮˷Цͬʱֵ£Щ޷Ѿȫɢҿǵӣûоȫ󷨵˵ƺ˿á
ҶҲǣվڿйעս֡
˵һĳɱʮ֮⣬ڶɵ˺ѾԽͣӵоǿߵ֮ڣȻ۵ʱ䣬ûжԷֵʱҪ졣
ȻˣǵҲȶΪǿܹȥϣҲʱ˳ɼϵһ𣬹ֿͬ
Щ󷨵˿ʼо֮ǻм䣬ܵ˺
ò˵֮£󷨵ԱסˣʱŹȥ˰֧ʱ䡣
ÿ˵ڶ׵ƽˣ¶ЦݣƺҲˣΪ塣
ο֮⣬֪ĸ֣Ϊһûн󷨣ʱӹһ٣Ҳ淢ҪеӦϣͬƿ
ЩϴϣЦݣҶҲЦˣٴδ󣺡ӣҵ͹λôֻ󷨵ˣҪʱˣǼʶһ£ʲôʮ˵ɣ

ͬҶ˳ڵʮ˸Ӱͬһֱʮ˵Ͽգ


1614 ĵ
ʮ˸ӰÿһϿճ֣֮еЩֹͣ˹˿УΧŶۡ
ȻҲ̧ͣͷɻעҶˣ֪Ҫʲô
ҶûпڣֻЦעǣոճֵ˳һԼǷ֮бס΢΢һЦӭλ뵶ɽ
˵ͬʱ˳˫ҲٶޱȣȵĻ£һŹֵͼгһŽ⣬ֱӳ·ĵ¡
ﬣ
ͻȻһĽ֮һĵ£͵ļ⵶ɱڣ
֮˸ûϵӵ⵶û˿֮£ʱнһֱӱЩ⵶͸϶͸ĿѪͬȪˮһŲ֮еЩС
ӿֲǣѼ⵶Ȼڲͣ
춯صĲҽʱƬΪɽĵ֮ը죬Щûб⵶еˣһͷð亹󱳷æİεضҪӹЩȻڼļ⵶˳־ٱ䣬ܵĶȻըӲӵƣһŴ˵ͷ֮ϣǿ籡ͷųѹֹЩ˵֮·
¡¡
ԭȵĽתľ죬һƬĵɽ˴صߡ
˸ղЩļ⵶ֻǱɽһǣŵɽߣŷ֣ԽԽļ⵶ǵС
ĵӳǳ˿ֲݣ
ЩƴϷɵˣܵͷϽɫͷųѹͬһصɽǴ粽Уѷ⵶ĵɽȻԺ㶨ٶȲϰθߣԽԽ
ɽ֮ϣʮ߱ʬ壬һѪѾɣ԰ֽϴĿ飬עЩͬ顣
ѾŵøεѣҲ˴СʧҲ£ǵȴٵĹȴǷǳ£
ѹˣұţɽ
˴ͷȻ˸ͣ˼æ֣Է׷׼ԸսЭ·ĵɽ˹ȥ
ʰ쵵Ĺ⻪գʽķŷ·ܹһе׷ײ˵ɽ֮ϡ
䣡
ײ쳹Ƭڰҹգ˶˫ĿעЩˡ
Ϊ֪һԼܿҲͬΣյ״Եɽ˵Ϊܸһο֪ν
˿̵˳֮ͬһնվעȺڷǣϷǳƽƺ˿ǻὫɽ
ʵҲȷˣЩɽģֻ֮˸ֶ̬ѣټ˳ڲ֮ʱÿµƶͬɽ֮Уϵ˽ϵ
ضϵҲϢ޾֮£ýϵʢ޼᲻ݣ˵Щˣͬľǿͬʱ֣Ҳܺɽ
ҶͬעŵɽеΣһ𾪣˳֮ϴľȡ
ҲֻܹԼףʮ˵ʵǷΪ㣬һǸղŵĶڵĵڶ㣬ɱ
˵ˣʮ˾ʮ˸СԵۣǵ߶еĵڶ仯ɱ
ʮ˸˳Ҷ֮⣬ǳݣգ塢ﶼˣÿվĸϿգҲ˳ģǽÿ˵صÿ˵λá
˵ɷ磬óϵľϵ֮ľϵֱ֮ѩƵĵΪĳ˳ѩ͸ƿ
ʱ˳ʮ߸˵˵ͷҲԿʼˣ
Ͱ಻ס⻰ʱЦָԼµеһȺ˵ղ׷ɱүүˬɣֵˣȥɳ
־ЩͻȻ²Ǽʵĵ棬ǻ˹ĺɫɳ
ʱһȺѾƬɳ֮УзĲҽ֮
ݷһӿĵػ𣬽Щɳյͨ죬ɢȵĸ£е˵ǱɳͻͬʱΧ壬Ϊ޷ӳƬɳԲᱻȵɳۻȻҲᱻļ
ֵͬʱʮҲͬʱ־˸ݵĵ֮


1615 ɫŪ
ѩ跢ͬɽһӵһôֻϳĲ֦ҶУ
ɽٶεضٶҪ࣬ɲ֮ѾߵѩĽ£ͬһ۶ɵĽɫ
ʱ˿̣ѩѾ۾ΪʵǲĿ·Ǻ˵֮һ߾߲ʬ塣
Ǹʯѹһľʯӵ³֮˿УȻԼٶȥ
Щ˼ܣҲ޴ȥֻӲıµľʯݺУֱҵĽϹۣѪκλĶ־޴֮ǰŲ˶þͱҵķ飬ȻȴǵҲͬĽ֣ʯҳ⽴
乬־Ƭ֮У˿ǵûǰ򶨣ǳ˻ҺͿ־塣
ȻĿǰǻƾٶȲ϶ܿʯµλãǵע⵽֮һЦֱӲٿؾʯ׷˹ȥ
䣡
ʯΣͽ乬ֻһ࣬
ϹƵǻ𺣵̫𹴶ĴȻ̫𣬵ȵ¶Ҳܳܵ˵ģһĲҽУƬеǻڣֱճɻҽ
վ֮ȻĿس֮ڴʱõ󻯵ʩչָֻĳӣӵ۳һƬ溣Ǹûɡ
ʮͬʱչ¶󷨵ȻҲٴηתҶȵռϷ磬ЩˣѾ˴롣
Ҳ˶ޱߵɱ֮С
ЩǣǣϹֲ֮ȻԱķ
ɱֱ֣ڣ˱ɱļ⣬Ծû¶棬֪ںδ֮ڡ
ҶΧһȦ֮ڿԼƿصƬѪص
ʵҶʵκһܽ󻯵ķӳȻ˳ǰݣΪңΪ֧Ԯһ֮еѪأǻγɣԴѪ
ҶѪص֮סҲȫǸ֣һǿߣϹȺؼߣһȺҶҲ֪ˣȻɱҲв֮Уδֵģ˿̣Щ˵ϲûʲôɫ
ղŵһ֮ʱǼûʲôͽȫ޿֡
Ҷ׼ҲޱߵĿ־ʱ£ͻȻһѷƿѪⱬ䣬һѪıȻг˹ȥ
˵ʵҶȻ֮ǣȴҲǵİɱ֮˷ʤÿζעʱͻȻ
ϧ֮УҶΪۣžԵĿԵѪ֮ʱһƬڵѪˮѾϿӿ

Ѫˮͬٲһ㣬к£̺ŵǿֱӽǱѪײƫ˿ͬʱһѪ˸ӿգɱָ˳Ǳŵȥ
ȻոˤյʱѪˮȻ۳һˮ˿κޱȣͷ̶ֱ룡
ѪӿޱߵѪˮ֮У׹أһ˫ɴ˼µ۾ĶҶƺҪһ㣬ϧһѪĹͽԶѪ֮С
ʱǿڿˣƽĵҶò뽫˶ɱ˰ɣ֪֪ھǵеӴ֮㽫ԵУ
ǿ߱˫֣֣ҶҲ޷俴ʵʵǿĿ£ѪˮйȴһҲ޷塣
Ҷ΢΢һЦ̿ˡɻҴ£Ҳ£ǰϵıŻý³ǵȫǾȡ
˶٣ҶŵԵУ㿴ܣҵĵ˻ٶ༸˵ʲôأ
ǿҡҡͷһ̾ϢҶ˵ĲǶΪ̰Ż󷨣㲻̫߿ԼҸһᣬ֣ϵбҹǰԷΪôһῼһ
ⷬκỳǲԼˣ
ҶѾռƵ£λǿ߾ȻҶ֣еıҹģԷΪ
ɫǲŪˣ
˵ⷬһλǿߣվ۷ˣû˸һⷬ٣ҶҲܡ
Ҷһпתʱʼչע˳ȴǶȻãϿ϶ʥ


1616 
ҶҲͬʱ뵽ܣ
ʮ˵֮ǿ󣬾̾ΪֹǾǿߣݴ֮ҲһŰȻİա
ǿȴ򶨣ȻʮĿĿܾϴʥ
ĿǰΪֹҶʥʵҲô壬乬촸ļҵĵ۾ҶкµĻԪɡ
˺֮⣬ʥڸУһ¶ǷڸԵĴӪ֮УΪ̣޿Яġ
ʥҲһܴ֮߶ҪʥҪλͬʱ߶
ǿߣĴһôֻֿܣһ־Ǻͺһɢˣһ־׼ŵԸӰصģ
ǿ۵幥ֱǻΪǿĴˡ
ҶûŵԷŵԸԼģϾʵԼѾտռķ֮ҲǾǿߵĶ֣ﻹҪһʥ
Ҷ˼еʱһϹͻȻ࣬ȻһͷʮߣɫƬİ˰ţĹϰǳ°ţ
Դţͷͷ֮ϣֻͬʯ׳ĳǣȻҶ˹ȥ
Ȼǰδ֮ǰӵ͵ϮҶֻţǣɵģʼʩҶ;ǿ֮ʲôԹȽҶɱ˵
Ҷ֣ģţģ
ħĽԶԶҶҲ˲ѹзһڶȻţͬһȺͯһ㣬еıסţͷеıסţǣеĲסţ㣬еקסţβ
ΪͯʵЩţͬʱһ»޾Ľɫƣ󷨵֮ӲĽͷţ˿С
ᣬҶһָѪˮٴͬһ㣬кסϹԼǳ˻긫߾ٹͷɫĸ֮ϾȻܳ硣
һ긫صȥѪĽ
ͷţǾ޴ţͷм˿Ѫӿзһ޴ڿһҡ֮·Ѫ֮С
ţȫŭ죬ָҶҶˣӽϹ֮佫ǲ֣֮
ȻˣҲɣ
Ҷʱλǿߵв׵һߣ˫־ʼȫ߶֮ԼѪҪĽ
º¡죬ɽ𺣣ɳͣӿҶһ֮Ȼ߶˼еɱУ¶Ҫ̵ʱڽЩɱȻȵǿֵ߳ʱ򣬾ûлˡ
һƬ֮е˶ʱҲеˣղǿۿ֮еΣδ߶󷨵ҶǿһˣԳλǿ֮⣬ȫæķ׷Ӧԡ
䣡
յûɳȻըɳ꣬ǵص£ÿһɳ֮ж̺ſֲȵĸ¡
ЩɳҶĲٿ֮£ȫһϹ
һҽУϹʱһɸӣɳӴ͸
ףԼΪһ壬ǿޱȣôȻһɳҲס
Ȼ֪Ҷ˿ЩɳӵĿɲͨĻ棬ܹԪ
ķǿЩںɳǰҲֽͬһ㣬һ
Ϲĵ£ҶһҲĶȻӳʮ˸ӣһϹס
Ѫ죬ҶѾܾûˣʮ˸ӵȴҲСͷ֮ӦܹסһϹ
ͬʱҶһϹðߣжȻһ̫ͼ
̫ͼһɫһɫ϶ɣڣڰɫ֮Уȴһڵ㣬ϸĻᷢڵ㾹ȻһСˡȹ
ͼȻײϹԴϣըʱȹ˳űը֮ȻֱûԴ֮УţͱÿնȻѾȹȻ
عʱӳľһӲӣĸͷͬţһͬ걻ֱ롣
ȹǳûַɻҶڡ

һҽڷѪеҲ޷ֵգҷ
ת֮䣬һϹȻȫҶ֣֮˶ɵˣ
ߣ
һʼղɫľǿڲԹۣͷ֮һҫ۽⣬һɺصѹ


1617 Ϲķŭ
ܵͬɿܰѹ˵ɫˣǱ֮ˣҶǣΪȷʥͷŶ
ʮ˵֮ڷɱ֮ҲܵӰ죬Ȼٶȡ
ѾҪµĵɽͣڵɳҲʼڻ𺣿ʼɢ
ʥδֻ֣ͷųεѹѾӵ֪ҪĳֲȫĻܹƵ
˳ҧض˴ټӰѾȡ㽫ȫʥ֣󷨣ĿҲѾﵽˣ
ʵ˳滹һ仰û˵ǾǵĿĹȻﵽˣܷ뿪ɾδ֪ˡ
Ҳ˵˵ﶼͬһһҲǿ֮ĩˣ󷨵ķ˲еʯ͵֮⣬Ϊ۵ǣȻҲҪȫ߶ĵ֮
󷨷ڣҲ͹ȥһӵʱ䣬ϵ͵Ĺ˶Ѿ̷˲°ٿŲĵҩˡ
۷״̬ҲܶԿ˾ǿߣοڵˡ
û¶ǻη֮ɫǼȻҲѾ֮⣬Ҫǣǵȷȡ˾˵ĳɾ͡
еĵˣڣʣһ˻ţˣǿ߶ѾС
ܹٽһٶȫɱǾˣ˳˵Ҳûźˡ
ʮ˸ˣٶˣǺεΪ׳٣
ˣ˶ҧأһԲȫͷ߶תɱ٣
ˣ
ڣһͨĳӴǿߵͷ֣Ӹֳһ̣ȫ߶𺣵ϹͻȻһѪ
˻Ϊ֧޷߶ˣû뵽ȴ˫Ŀ֮дŷŭĹâĶǱӣһһĵߣ
ߣԭ̫ʥһ̫
ΪĴٽ¾߱ߣ̫˵Ϊһʥͱû뵽Ȼ￴
ȻҲ˵ʼòľǿ߾ڽ壡
ݣ뵽ᱦȻȷжᱦĿģĿĿҲΪɱҶϹǣϾǶ˵ûٳԿͷڸλδŶѾΪ˷塣
ϹǿѪҲ֧ǼŭģΪԭ̫ʥѾΪ˽ʥ
ÿ˶ϹķŭҶźɽԸԼʱҲԻѪ
ҶͬĶǿߣȻһЦԭ㣬Ӧþҵнսߵģ
Ҷͽսսһ㽫սսõķѪгһֻ޴ĽڣҶս
ǿ߶ȻЦЦ֮УܵҲ֮ɢ¶ʵò֮ȻԻһֻ޴Ľڣ˫֮͸ݺݵĹâҶǵֻϽڡ
ֻγֵĲ⻯Ǳˣ
ɣҶ
䣡
ͻȻϽڴ߶ߣųһҫ۵Ļ⣬ݺݵĿռȥ
УѪصȻҡһŽɫĻӾͷŶ˽ڵģ淭һӣȫǵѪȻ˲䱻һ㣬Ƭռ֮С

һҽкȻ֮дҶһ֪ˣ˿֮ϱڵĻȼˣҽиոմѾ˲仯˻ҽ
ղҶһȫ֮£ѪصеѾһؼΪ˱ȺȺ䣬ֵܹڵҪôʵߣҪôгߺõıӻ
Ȼ˾ȻڵĻ涼޷ֵɼ¶֮ߣ̫ڣܹپ
Ҷ̫ΪֲĻ֮һ򲻿Ȼɣ
Ϲ鴫Ҷ̫Ŀ¡
ҶҲѾоˣѪص֮е¶Ѿߵ˵ĵزԼǲˮֱɣԼ֮ıô֪˵ĸˡ
Ȼȫ˹ֿɸ£ͬʱҪСĿռСĶ㿪Щڡ
ɼˣƬ̹ȥ߰ҽж˻ҽЩȻڲϵײΧĿռ䣬Ҫƿ
Ͻһ˿ЦעҶҶȴǺĵϽڣǶлˣʡ˲ٵ


1618 ռ䷨
Ҷ˵ɣͷȴǳޱȣΪѾԸоĵЩڵײ֮£Ѫصڳѷ죬ֲ˶ãһѪصôϽھͳûʵԿԼˡ
ֻϧסⷽռֻոʥĻôҶúԪռ䣬ʲôǿȫѹޡ
ҶɽĺԪռ֮У󷨵ı
Ҷܳ۾˱Դ۾ͬҲڲͷųҶ赲ſֲ¶ȡ
һҶȻ֮УɽͷϷµԪ˫ٴλ̫һ̫ͼзɳ
ֻε̫ͼǰͬǾ֮УȻ֯˽ɫĵƣɿײΧĿռ䣬ȻɫâһŽɫֽһȵ˿ռ֮ڡ
ҶʼܵԼάƬռι̡
һĻϽڵһ˿𾪣
ҲҶ֪ڵʲô֮ʵϲپǿ߶ֲ֪֮أ֮һܹģ
ƿ˿ռ䷨֮ҲһҪԺͻԵ
Ҷһ̫ͼڻɫֽţеĵƾȻ׵˿ռķ֮УӶЩԭҪѵ
ȻĲ֮Ѿ߱˲ĳΡ
һȻһɽɫĻ棬Ͻڸ
ɫ֮£ϽڵѾȫˣֻܿһ˫ɫӣڻӳ֮¸ˣɱ硣
飡
ϽںȻһϵĻ澹ȻѪصȫȼ𺣵Ҫ
ǣؼҵȺˣֻԹ޵ĿһϽڣȻͻΪ˻ҽ
ϽںҶ֮⣬Ƭռֻʣ»棬ǵصĻ棬һУѾΪ˻ҽˡ
ɫĻ滯һֻ޴ĽڣŻصȶ򣬾ҶԽԽ
ˣ
ɽ۾ͬʱ˾𶯣Ԫͺ籡ӲĽҶܷԲ֮ڵĻȫɢ
ѾھΪҶԾǿߴ߶ʥ֮£Ҳֲ̫ʱ䡣
ҶȻͳһŵҩ˿УȻ𣬸һԼϽڣǶա
˿ֻʣһſռ䷢âֹϽڻ˵һʱΨһ취Ǿ߶֮ͨش
ҶµĵҩһܹʱڼǱĵҩսôõʱ䣬ټϴ߶󷨣ӿ纣ҲҪɺԣԲò̼һ£ֵҩ궼ܵˡ
ҶܹԼѪķ֮ʮһȼŻѨ֮кȻܵĿռ䡣
Х죡
ÿһѨԻ𿹻ԼȥײǸ˸âײĺǼΪҵġ
ȻѨҶѨλ൱ıԴǿռ䷨Ǵ֮᲻ɴݡ
ѨײâǼײʯͷһһѨը˿Ѫ꣬£ֻ޴Ļ֮ϣ͡
ÿһѨըѨӦѨλͻҶ֮ըһѪ
ڣ˳ȼ˶Ѿֹͣ˶֮Ȼ˽һڣǵĿȫеҶϽڵϡ
֮Ĵսϵˡ
û뵽ǵĴս֮УΪ󷨵˳ҲС
ʯѾȫĵƬ֮ڵҲһɨգҪٴλָҲҪǧʱ䡣
˵ÿˣѾ;ƿݵľء
˲ȥʮһѨѾȫըҶҲͬɸһͷţʮһ͸ĶѪҪҲ̶á
ϽھҶֻв׵ľ룬ǰٶҲѨײռ䷨ȻĿǰΪֹûʲô̫ãһ
֮УȻֻܹ˫ɱ˫ۣĮעҶɣҶ㿴ڵӣҲ֣Ҳ˶ˣ
Ȼ֮£Ҷȴ¶һ˿ЦݣޱȣſͣΪѨλըıӭѨ¶С޷ǴĿȴܹ˵һ֣
Ҷ˫ȭȻս
䣡
У˸â֮Уһڶ˿
ռ䷨ѣ


1619 Ϊ
ʱͿռ䣬磬ʱ䷨ǿռ䷨򣬶ǴһʵԵ֣ͬĿһ㣬ɺ
Ϊ˱ȶ֤άֿռ䷨Ϊʲôܶʵﵽһڳܹ֮˺ѿռ䣬ò˶ãռͻϣǴ֮ڿռ޲
˺ѵĿռʼ޷ϣ۵һ֮ĿܾͻʱռܻܿᷴɣǸʺģֻš
ҶȻʮһ֮ͨѨΪۣӲײһſռ䷨â֪һôѵ顣
ռ䷨ֵĺâ֮Ϊԭ㣬Բٰ֮ڵĿռѾȫʧ˴գµǣƬգڶʱڸϣԼٶӣ
¡¡
һıըֻĿҶڵѪصϵıըѿֻڻ֮еϽڣǿıը֮߸˦ֱ뵽˺ڰյС
ռըѪصѾȫʧʮ߸ΪͬһͬĴ֮УȻҲɱܵǣѪصҲը˿˴۵ѩ˲仯˱һֻ˵ľβѩһĳ˳ȥ
ܣҶܣ
˳󺰣Զʼһĳȥ
ʱ˿̣֮лŵѾʮˣȻʱ󷨵в֮˳ȴҪյɣʲôҲ˲ϣȫһȥ
ڶǿ֮ĩκһ涼Ѿ͸֧˼ޣԣֱӱɣգۼʹǵʧӰ١
յӺܿͣڿͣúõĴȻ˴֮ȻֵжԣǴ˿ȴ˭ҲûȥԷòʱһֺƽദȫעеˣǴǧ֮ԶǸﵽʮﷶΧľ޴ĺڰա
Ƭռķ֮ѾҶײϣԶʱڸϣ˾޴һƬգֱһֲ硣
Х޴ȻһСɽİεضֱûգûƮԶͱһס絶󣬽һ׵ʮ׸ߵСɽиƬ
ʱһ֪ðɫףݺݵСɽ֮ϣУʮ׸ߵСɽȻͺȻըΪУ
ӱ뵽ΪУȫһ˲ɵġ
˿ֲƻʵ˶̲סзæٴŸԶĵطȥһ˭ҪǱ֮УǾȥ޻أӶҲˡ
Ҷ˿֮̾Уղſռըľ޴ըǱ˾κеһҶСۣ޷סΣֻƾǿᵽ˼µϵĽԼ˦˦ȥ
ҵľǲԼˣֻϽҲԼһⲻе
˵Ϸֱźɽ;߻ټҲȻһС磬ǲûжʲô˺
ҶڵĴǧٿ׵֮ϲ˸ɺԵѪȻ״̬ǲ˼㣬һ˫۾ȴȻڷ⣬͸һԺעžԼ׵Ͻڣ
ܹռ䷨ըϣܹҲԲģΪȫ
Ҷ˵Ͳ֪ôдֻһ˿ܣҲᾡȫȥԡ
ʵ֤ĳԳɹˣϽڸգҲ˳ˣ˿̾ȥҲٲźˡ
ϽѾ÷ˣΪǿߣһʥ£ȻҶŪôǱΣյľأ
ҶСһڴ䣬ҲҪɱ㣬ʬΣʬ޴棡
УϽڻ˱࣬ȻҲǱʮ׳壬˫չֿ֮еĵҵϢҵĺ
ڰ֮УȻƵĻڣǰ̵Ҷ˹ȥ
ЩڶϽڵëһë׶һɽ䣬ҪҶһԵĳ׻С
Ҷս˻긫ǰȻеģΪղ̷ǿŵҩĸѾʼˣ֮϶ֳһϸСƣҲͬղŵĿռһըƬĻޡ
ǣҶԴеˣҲҪѡս


1620 ֮ս
ҶͦɽȻ۾ģǾ͸ɴ˫ۣƾԼйжϽڵĹ
ڵʵ̫ˣѾƬնȫû̺̫Ļ棬ʱһжʱˣ֪ıڰΧǽҵһ顣
ͳˣҲҶһѾ۾ٿѣ˳ǺͰ˴˶һۣȴǻվԶҧأѵƬȥ޷Ҷȥ
Ȼ֪ԼȥҲٻǵûźֵһҲһĽ֡
˵ǳݣϹ飬ѩ裬ɷ磬е˾Ȼȫվ˴˲ţܹ׽Ĩȥĺڰա
ЩҴӴ֮ӳˣȫעǣһ̣ǵƺˣΪʲôҶǿΪʲôԼô׷ɱҶ䵽³
ΪҶһȺʱΪ׳ֵܺѣ
Ҷߵڣһ˵Ĺ¾սߣһֱһȺֵཻǣ벻
ȻʱͻȻͣ˽Ų˻վס
˲Ŀָ֮еҶҪǴźɽ뿪
£ҶȻеĻ긫ݺݵʼԼͷϵĺɽ
ﬡһײɽʱһ⣬֮ڷеĹ̵УɽȻͬͯһı
ɽ֮Сݣɽ֮ͬĹϵѾͨ飬뿪ȴԸߣƲ֮£ַֻʽ뿪
˳˵Ķ𣬽˴еʡ
ѹһЦûɽͽˣȥ
˿ڣѾһȻ˳ȥȻոճ嵽ڰձԵʱ򣬺ɽóһһԪȻӲĽѵֱײ˻ȥ
ǱˤڵأϵıȾŭûڣ˳Ѿ͵ɽӦǽҪֹǽա
УһҪȥѷ߶վ
䣡
һȻ֮д֮Ļһɿֱֲӽ飬ȫĵ˵ϡ
֮УѾûҶӰԭվλã˿ֻڣȫû

Ҷ
ÿڴ˿̶Ǿгѩ˵ϸѾۣ۾Ŀš
ˣ
ͻȻһҵһеĺʱ𣬾ȫһ
䣡
һɫˮͻȻҶڵλÿӿȪһ㣬׵ĸ߶ȣʱͽڸɢ˿һɫë
Ȼڵڶ࣬ɺɫȪݽһ㣬׳ˮȫɢ֮Ҷ¶˳
Ҷͷ֮ϣһɫ󶦣ݷ޾ĺɫˮǴӶ֮
䶦ʥ䣡
˶ʱ׹ؼʱ̣ʥ侹ȻٴΪˮϵʥޣ֮ˮֿ˻𣬼ֱǳֵǡʱˮϵ˽ڵĻ棬Ҷӹһ٣
ϽǱ֮нʢˣίʵû뵽ֹ֮£ҶȻû
ߣ
һ֮ϽͻȻΣžߣǰȥҪԳֽҶ
ϴŹһССĽɫӳиֳ˲佫֮ڵ¶ȾȻһ羭ɲǾȻͻޣ
ոջҶеҵˣһĻ಻ٴǿ綼޷ֵ̫ǹ䶦ܷ񵲵סأ
Ȼ©ƫҹ꣬˽ϣڹ䶦ϵʱ򣬹䶦ȴͻȻһڹ⣬³Ҷڡ
˶ʱĿɿڴֻҶ֪ķӡֻɶһ˿ѣղΪ˾ԼЩѾķ˴ľ޷ڣѾ˳˯
ϽڷХҶҿ˭ܾ㣡

Ͻڳ嵽Ҷǰ۳̫ľҲݺݵҶԴ
˶۾ҶľϵĻ긫׼һοһ¾ߣȻ֪ù
˵ڵ۷״̬֮£ҲӲһ
Ȼһֻ񣬲ĴֳҶǰֱӾץס˾ߣ˿ϵ̫
飡
־ȻһѾͽסϽɫ䣬һ̫һֽɫ̫⣬ÿһһһݺݵĴֻ֣


1621 ս
ϽȻֻܵͻȻֵĴǹľԲ˼ĽԼȫܵķ˾ߵ
ͬղŵĽһȫգ绹ףǻ֮ȫ𽣶ǧٿס
ֻȻҲڽ𽣵ĹΧ֮ڣۿҲҪ

һӰͻȻ֮УƮƮնͬһһ㣬Ȼǧ𽣣Լߣ̫ȫС
飡
һ죬ӰһֱӽһֻӡϽڵؿ֮ϡ

ҽϽؿ֮һŰƴСĺɫӰӣԼٶͣת˲֮䣬ѾϽʮ׳ȫǣǱһŨīһԭͨɫϽͻȻͱһֻѻ
һ̣֮ƺͬͯЦ

ٺ٣
ڰ֮УͻȻ˾ôӹдһɹɵĺ⣬֮˳ˣҲǻ˼Ƥ
ۣ
ȻһɫѪһһӰȻӺڰеܹ֮ࡣ

ʶѾʼģҶ𾪵ˣû뵽Լ˿ռ䷨򣬽ռ֮УȻûɱЩɱ֡
ǾȻͬգǱںڰ֮УϢȻʱ׼͵ϮҶ

ѾͨɫϽͻȻַһҽУžͿǾ޴壬ԼٶˣҲԽԽСɲǵĹȫʧƬ֮Уټ
ʱǸֵӰתͬƤһ㲼ûκεı顣
ʱҶʶ޷ٱѣʼձҲɳֻҪڣһжԼٵˣһ̣뵽˻֮С
ͷֵˣȻӰأ
ȫյĿֲǿн뵽֮УסҶɱϽڣҶ뿪Ƭա
۳֣˼æӭȥҲ˲ÿףĿʼѯҶǰôˣ
Ҷû˰ɣ
۰˰֣ϵϾȻһ˿ƣ֮ɫܲã̽ȥβҪãƬһʱ޷ϣҪˡ
£ۺȻָ̧˵
ಡ֮󲻵ʮԶĿ֮УȻֵӰȻɱ֡
˲˿ʵֲ̫ˣ˳Ҳ¶˾ģȥ֮󣬶һдۣҲ
ˣ
˽еΣ֮۴˿ռ֮ţŻѾһɺɫҶ˽ȥ
תȥĿ꣬عѣԭȵһжѾڣΪҶ˿ռ䷨ԭȵĿռ䣬ôȻܹһѪɺʬѻɽս
սսᣬһΣҶٶˣѾȫϹǾǿߣδӹʮ˵ѹΪǵ̰
񣬻ʣˣ˿ȫֵעǣӰ뿪֮ʱѾӡǵΪ˳˴á
ҲĬĬעˣ˵ʵɱ¾ʵ̫ˣڶɱˡ
˳ڵȻѾɱôˣôͲͣˣԵ˴ȱǶԼĲ̣նݳ
վδӹǵЩͬĻҸġ
Ϣһ֮󣬿ʼͳɱ֮ˣΪʬ嶼ɣֻƾ˵ļˡ
幫ˣȫ˵ɽ֮С
Ҳаˣȫ
壬乬۹ؼң֮ˣ壬Ϲ壬Լɱ֣һѡ
ղŲĸûأ
ǰʰˡ
ͳĽ˶еĿ࣬Ϊ⼸൱ڶԻĸһβСϴͱ壬ǶһǿڴˣִԪˡ
£ٺ۹ϵһ𣬿ҲΪˡħ૵ĵ˵ʵΪĻˣԶе޷ܡ
ЩڻѾʮʱˣɺģȻû뵽ΪҶĳ֣ǲ۽Ԫˡ
˳Ȼ΢΢һЦϣҲ֪ǿԿ϶һ㣬乬ͱǾԲ뷨ˡ


1622 
˶˳仰ϵɻ󣬲Ϊʲôƶ
˳վ󷨿ʼתͬʱҲѾ·չ˶乬ͱǿڣӦҲѾ˰ɣ
ʲô
˼ӵϱȫԼĶ䣬Ǳ֣ɱΪʲô̫ȾǿٿأĻκε֣ǹ˶ܣ׵ĽЩˡ
ˣԭ˳ͬʱ壬һԼЩʵߵˣڴ˽ɱ֮ɱһֵˣһѪеоǿߣֳ·ͬʱ乬ͱ壡
ò˵嶼壬впȫûڵĽɱⲽоյĽˣ˳ƶһӦҲǳɹˡ
˳ƶ˼ƻÿһǻۣӰ乬أҲͬļƻ֮С
׷ɱҶ֮˵Դȷһ乬ͱ֮ϣΪϹ塢ǲģ˲ֻ࣬˵־˵Ҫ
Ԩ֮ʱѾ۽Ԫˣڵʹˮ
Ӱ乬أɱͬʱͻƽأ͸ϹķħԼЯʥĳӦϣ乬
ˣ̫£ʦ۱壬ͬʱ
ӰؼȻΣչͷ˻ôȻ˵乬ĹûгʲôΣգھҪˡ
ڣƬս˳ֲһ;֮󣬾뿪˵أתٷ塣
󷨺;ĴڣҲסϢ¶Ǹո뿪ãǰ̵ӿһˡ
Ǿ޴ݷԳһգѾмΪ𺳣ȻָδսϢҲǴǵĿѸٵ˳ȥ
ʮٶˣǿߺϹԼɱ֣Ȼȫɱ֮УϢʵúܶ˶޷š
ţ乬ͱҲǴϢӽ쿪ʼǽȫԷɽţǱĹ
Ҳ˵Ӵ֮ڻڽҲĵˣ
ںʱֻ죬û˵Լ͸¶ٰ֮ڣǵɽǲٴο
ϢȻٴڻȻ󲨣ǿһɵĹֱ顣
ǹ࣬ȻҲΪ˿̸۵Ļ⡣
⵽ô£ɣһռһͳ챱򣬾Ȼ˵͹ˣо̫˼ˣ
ʲôϡ棬ԨϹ岻Ⱥֻû֪ͨѡ
ǵʲô룬ȻϧòΪҶɣ
˭˵ҶչɱʱͬʱǿϮ֮ȫǾǿߣʥ֮ȻиֵӾҲ⡣
Щǿк֮£ûжţֻģԷǲ뿴һǱţһǹɵҲѡˡ
ԭЩǿѵҶˣ
ӦˣҶ˭ִǣҪ֪乬Ҫ۹ͬԸҶҶ𽥵Ĳ۹ӣò˶ãͻ۹׵˶ˡ
˶֪ԻһģֲĴսΣ
ٷϣѾȫ룬Ҷ̫أȻ֮⣬Ѿûʲôˡ
˳ѾѪų׹رգֹκѪ뿪ٷ壬Ϊ൱һʱڣǺҶйϵˣԶܵ׷ɱ
ʵҲǺһ乬ģʦв̣һ·
˵˳嶼ȡ˾˵ĳɹӦø˲ŶԣǴ˿ÿ˶üͷϴŻ֮ȥɫ
һȻΪҶ
ҶΣգۣģڵҶ޲ߣҶǱȹ󣬶Ĵ嵽궼ܵ˼Ĵˣƣٳ飬޷ơ
ĵĻ˵ʦ治׶ڴˣҲûа취
Լ˳ϵҶҲûеõκεĻӦӦǺҶһܵ
Ҳ˵ĿǰΪֹĶûκΰ취ȥҶͬǰһָԼԼѹҲǲܵ¡
ΪҶȫޣʮһѨλɺԣѪҺҲѾɣֻһɫѪɰ


1623 ʽս
Ҷ˶ǳüչҶʲô⣬ôǵôŬҲǸʧȥ塣
ÿ˶ʼ߾ܵĸƾŰ취ĽԼ˵ż֮УʦŲϲ㣻Ӱضһ뿪ٷ壻ĵĽԼղصбóѰ޿԰ﵽҶĶ
ȻһµʱȥȴȻûҵ˿İ취ʱ򣬺뿪һˣڰ֮ºϰֻħޣЩǵڹѺħޣΪǵĹϵķӡڿԲܵӡѹƣҳɹӭ٣˻졣
Ⱥħ޵ļ룬ѪǴﵽһ۷壬ԭȼƻĻӦÿչ۹ĴսֻϧҶȴӡ
һεľһ𣬶Ӱ֮⣬ȻҲ֪٣ֻ˳֪һ֮ǰҲ뿪˲ٷ壬ֻ˵ȥѰҾҶķû˵Ҫȥδ
˳˵ԲѣĿǰҲûʲôеİ취ԸҪƷ۹Ѿӵ㹻ҲвǻԣǼʵԸ֪λΣ
˳Ĭһ̫֮ȿڵͬ⣡
ӰزȻҶҽҲ̫ҽ͸Ҷ̫ϹҶǳ˸м
ǽŵͷҲͬ⣬ԽԽã
һͬ⣬ΪҶ飬鶼ǵ䵽˹ȵףиǱһӵȷʵҪսһйһ¡
ȻλͬˣǾͿʼһ۹ȴӡ˳̫忪ʼɣ
Ԩɱ֮Уǿ䣬ʣǿˣʥ۶ߣع̫壬Ҳǰ˲٣ͬڹһڼٲ֡
ⲢǾͰȫˣȻ˳Ѿȹ壬ȻҲһϵе׼
ʱ䣬˳ֱ̻ӪĿռ䴫ʹ̫ΪףѪо֣Լħޣ֣塣
ѪΪʽһսɳĿǰѪ֮еȫ֪ͬĴûм֮
һҹ֮䣬ͼȫȻԾСֽߣѾƲκεķˡ
Ѫһٶٴ˻죬Ȼ֪϶һսû뵽Ѫѡý忪Ӯ˸ɾ䣬ڼδһһ¾ͽ
ս֮˳Ҷ巢һս飬ʾѪԿ۹ĴսѾʽչк۹ϸѪķΧ֮ڣ
һڷণΣʼѪ֮Ĺϵ
֮󣬺ͽϵõȱ̬ǻᱣȲҶҲ۹
ţļң¥ħŸֱӱʾѪַͬ۹
幫Һ͵ңԼһЩСԾɺѪֵжԹϵҲ˵֮У֮ĳѾ޷⣬ݡ
֮ڣԾɷ֮⣬۹ѪѾΪͷ
ѪΪһʱ䲻һɣȻ˶̵ʱھͷչ˵Ĺģò˵һ漣ҲŤת˶ѪĿ
ַչҲǱȻģΪѪ֮ʱ󣬸ϣ̫ĵȾǿߵ룻Ⱥϣг壬塢ħ޵ȵӿ룬ΪҶһλĴڣټϾʦ˳˳ᢣԼѪ־ɳǣӵ˽ĳɾ͡
󣬵˻ʱʱпѪķչ׳ǲɱģǵʱһ𣬽ɱѿ֮УǸʱ˭ָðأ
Ѫ˶Խַ֮󣬱չʦڴ˷ţ԰׵û˿Ѫɫü֮ȴβסĿġ
ȥܵҳһң
Ҷڷ֮Уɽͷ֮ϣͷųԪʵĻԼˣ˶޷ǰֻСõСȡҶĿռ䳾ҵ˵Ǹҡ
򿪽ңֻдĸ֡ϻ꣬Ĺ
ĸ֣˳һͷˮʲô˼Ⱥ֮У峤ȴǷһ
ʱ洫Ѫӵ۴˺Ͱˣ


1624 ϻĹ
۷Ⱥ뿪ģȻȴͬʱһҶķȻϲ⣬æȥӭӡ
۲żֱӿʵʲô취ԾҶ
ֻ˳ʦע⵽ˣɫΪĲ԰ףеήҲ񣬾δһ㣬һۿĿ֮УҲһЩֵǼв̣塣
˫ֺʲɽ٣
ɽ٣
ǵģҶ궼Ψһķӭ٣Ĵ٣ֻõµϴƼӶﵽӦ֮ѹĳ̶ȡ
ϸĽ취˵˳ĿùҶɽٵˣ˳ҲȷҶɽٵʱˣľƼ̥ǡ
ֻǣǸʱҶǴ۷״̬ڵҶһ𣬱˵ܹɹˣӭҲ
⣬ҲֻܱԿЦҶΪҾͲ֪ˣܺùûа취
Ȼ˳ת峤ղΪʲôᷢѵ֪ϻĹʲô˼𣿡
һᣬȻ̧ͷ˿ѵǰѵ㲻֪Ĺ𣿡
ǸһЦЩѾʧȥˡлֱ˵ˣûˡ
ðɣͷʵ壬ʼһ˵ӡ֪ʲôԭĳطǸطͱΪĹ
ҲӦܹ⣬Ϊ壬ԸԶ˵ҲϣǸղǸϾȻᵽĹˡ
Ȼĳط
˲ٴѵ˵½ңҪҶǰĹҶ״̬ôǰ
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˳üһﹲꣿǲбΣ𣿡
۾˵һһһ꣬ںϳһȫµ꣡һȫµںϵ꣬ڶΣա
λеֿڣ˶ܿˡ
еں֮ĻǱ𣿡
ģںϵڻɹ״̬ƽռλںϵƽǹ֮УֻҪõʱŻ֡
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ϻ꣬϶ǻǿ޵Уôõȷɣںһ꣬ôͿ̬֣ͷų
˳Ĭˣֶصĺϻ귽ʽ̫ҲǴδģֱܵų⡣
Ȼֺϻ˭ԸԼ֮жһ꣬жŤ˭ܱ֤ںϵ겻ռԼ꣬ӶռλԼأ
֮˳ȻˣӦǾΨһ취
˵㣡
ɽٲпܱȻ޷Уôõİ취ҵһǿںϣɺϻ꣬ϻ֮ܿʵӶӭ٣ٵϴ£̥ǣƼ
Ҳˣֻȫ֮һԣҲһҲ̫ˡ
ʦո뵽ҶĽңõ˺ϻĹŰ۾ʹ˾Ҷİ취ټۺҲǡ֪ϻĹô£ôɺϵһ𣬾͵õ˾Ҷȫ̺ͷ
仰˵ʱ˿һУǰڤڤ֮ƺѾעˣָأЩԭκιϵһȻһ˫εڲٿˣһأ۵ƶķչ
뵽˶е㲻˫ε־ڴʵڵĳˣ˵С
Ҫôֲܽ飬ˮ©һ㵽ز
˳ȴûпЩüͷڵ⣬ǵһǿɺϻأ
峤峤
һȻһʮ׵Сӿм۶
Ǹ˵˵ͷæӭǰȥȳСʲôʲôôż
СͰ͵ĵ峤ѿˣ治ӣǣǣǣ֮꣡


1625 ֮
֮꣡
ĸʱԼͬĵ˿Ӱص϶һ˿𾪡
ո˳˵֪ȥһǿ꣬ո£ǿ꾹Ȼͳˣ
ѵֻɺ
Ҳ΢΢һĵ飬æ׷ʵҺú˵˵ô£
СϢ󣬵Եɡ
һֱ֮УȻҲ˲ٷ£Ϊƿ⽫˿ʯĵطܴ
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ȵЩ峤˲ϵʱ򣬿֮еΣȫˣΪ֮иûӣһɫ֮꣡
˺ܿȫסأĵģΪĪսסڸ֮УֱڣҲû˸ҽҶĪ磬ÿˣСڶҺ档
͵͵ʯԱߣ˿ļλ峤Ѿۼ˳֣ȫÿ
һ˶ǿȻѾѿ֮ʣһ⵭֮ڣһɵĽ⡣
ϸȥᷢڽ֮һƴССޣͷΪ̫СڿȥĽһ㡣
С۾գǸӦ˵ĿһȻҲ۾ʱֲɱͬһӿ
Χ۵˸ûзȻȫɱԾһͬʱˣ˴˶ӣʵļ˵ϾȻɱˣ˼Ѫۡ
ٿСޣŭĿӣſоȻһɫα³ɱ졣

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˵Ҳİ˵֮ӣԸңͺö˵֮֮߹ģĪ
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Ȼ˭Ҳûа취ش𣬲ҲҪˣҪȷǿޱȣҲǺҶϻѡ
˳ȺҶϵõˣ뽫Ŀ⿴ǣô˵巢ֵģҲػôõʱ䣬ڲʲôӦУҪҶϻ꣬Ҫͬ⡣
һҲλ峤ȥһԲĸ˹ȥ
ͬ⽫֮꽻˳˴ߣϾҶҲľˡ
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۽֮ͬһŵҶԴϵʱǸ˶ŭĿӣ޲ôսһȴͻȻ
ŰĽڿն𣬾ͺҶĳָһҶƮ˹ȥɽҲԪһȱڣ˳Ľ롣
֮ҶһȦ֮ͻȻӿٶȣȻһ֮󣬾ȻֱӳҶüģ
һĻ˶𾪲ѣȫ޷⣬Ϊʲô֮Ҷô׽۳ŵöɱ֮ҶϵɱأټһЩѪȵϣӦǶԲԸ׽
ţۺȻ̾˿ʦǰҲ
ʦЦŵȷˣӦͶ·ʱģҲһֱΪԼԿû뵽ҺȻһһԣȻʾ˽Ҷ֣ʦ㵽˽֮¡
ʱ˳Ȼתͷɫɲ԰׵İĵĵû°ɣ
΢΢һЦû£
ۺȻҲ̧ͷĿ˰һۣԥһµҶܹȻô׹ԼһΪۣ˾Ҷİ취
ʲô
ȫ󾪣Ŀ߿ЦŵǰӦҲ˵ġ
ֲʲô˵£Ϊʲô˵ҶѣȻҲλĸ
Ӱؼ򵥵Ľ£ԭͶ·֮£Ȼȥ֪ôǸıϵˣԸԼһΪۣȡҶİ취
ӰҲǡ򣬷ְʱѾʧȥһ꣬۵ʵҲ޷ͷ࿹⣬֮£ֻܴŰˡ
ʧȥһ꣬ʲôӰ죿
˱꣬ʧȥһ꣬ж꣬ûʲôӰ졣
˳Ҷֿ۰ţպһ㽫һҪģ


1626 
Ҷǿ֮У췱Ѿȫʧն֧飬鲼ƣȫһƬ֮أҶͬƵ˫Ŀյյģһ
֮УͻȻһţһ峤׵Ĳͷľ޴˽

Ȼԭֻ״̬ǽ뵽Ҷǿ֮Уȴʱӵ壬ңҲ״̬ȥݣһ
ǿղС峤ϵ˵Ƭ̾ѾһȦĿҶ֮ϡ
Ҷת˲ʮȦ֮ŵ棬ŵԼצһҶꡣ
Ȼû뵽Ҷ֮жȻһɾ޴ͱȫգ˲ָ״̬ꡣ
ҶǼҪʧ꣬һ̶Ȼٴɢ˽ɫĹâͣͬһСС̫һƬ֮ء
֮𶼿ԭοůϣĳ̫أ
û֪Ҷ֮зʲôǲҹĶغҶߣע
ⶼѾһˣҶûгɹϻ갡˵ǲͷɱ̫أҶ֮꣬ûпܷ걻أⲻϵⲽͬʱҲ˵ͣ
ûģǵ仰˵֮ɱĿѾеϣæӣնȻܣҶ˭ǿĴڣ˵ˣٶ༸꣬Ҳ϶ܳɵģ
϶ɹģ˳ʮĵĵΪǰĽ˵ĺպҪȥĹһУ
ȷ뵽Уͣλ̫ˣΪֹûûɹ顣
۵ʱͻȻѩŲľҶ磬ˣ
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ܰɻ󣬵ʵҶȷ˹˳ڵһɲǣ֪̾Ҷϻɹˡ
Ϊ֮еɱѾ۳ɺȻλΣÿ˵϶Ƿ˺⣬ЯɱӰ֮£죬չ˷֪ɱҶͷųģ
һӣЩɱʱɢҶߣΧ

Ҷ֣
Ҷ
Ȼ˶ҶѶʮ˷ܣǿڵӣȴÿ˵жһΪҶ֮ȻըʮһѨλѾϣɫ԰ף¶ļ֮Ѫܽ
Ҷ۾Χߵˣ¶һЦݵûˣ
˵֮ҶȻ֧ҪŵæŰɣոջָ廹ǧҶ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷûˣҶ֪ˣ֮ҵУӦϻҪɱʹ죬ұȻĻһ޷ѹɢ־ɱ
˶٣ҶŵοѾ֪ˣдһµʱ䣬Ҿͽӭҵ٣
֮ѻȸð֮۲üҶ˼˵ȬΪҲѾﵽ˶ɽٵĳ̶ȣ
ҶͷֻʱǼΪǿģСǸոճģȻֻʣ꣬ȴв֮У񾭹ҵĺϻ֮ȻҲͱҵ
ƺ˲һҶ֮϶ȻһѨҲʮһǴﵽʮ
Ҳ˵ϻ֮ҶȻִͨѨλ
ʮѪɫѨҶ裬ǰ纣Ϣһһ˵ĳˣ˶Ǳɫѡ
̫ЦҡҡͷΪ磬ڵʵҲĶˡ
ȷҶӣʵڿܺ͸ʲôϵչֳʵȴѾƽ˾ǿߡ
ҶʮѨЦŵӣΪѹΪ򵥵˵ҵѾܲҵΪˣڱıԵˣҲѹƵĻѵʱ͸ˡ

ȫȲѣ˭֪Ҷǿı̬ˣȻȻܲΪʵ˶٣
ڲ˶˼ȻϻôǿЧԼǲҲҸǿںأ


1627 ķ
ҶȻѾѣҺϻ֮øʵȻٴεõ˴ȵȾǿߣʱҲˡ
ʵҶмû˵Ǿǹϻ겢ɣȻԾռλںĽ
δʧȥʱ򣬿ɲСûʵ෴ﵽĳ۷塣
״̬֮£ȴͻȻˣȻԾɴڣǿ֪ĵԹ޺ͷŭǣȻ֪Լôģ֮Ī֮Уɱ죬ԹҲ纣ڡ
ΪҶҪɺĺϻ꣬ôͱɱʹ죬ͷųɱҪһЩԹһֱҪ֮ǰ
ھֳɵĹ۹
Ҷ֮󣬵һ¾ϸ˽Ŀǰ֪ѾΪ⣬̬ȵ֮С
׼Ը˭
˳һµûƣǹһңǵʵС˵Ǳˮһս϶᲻ҪǺ۹ȫϵһǺء
Ҹеɻģ۹Ȼûκεľٶɱ֮ʱֵؼЩ֮⣬ûκεϢն޷κϢ
Ҷ⹫Ϣ𣿡
˳ҡҡͷֻƲ۹ľͲ֪ˡ
ȹҺ͹ң
ԣ
ãһ鷳ˣѾȲҪһսˣ
ȻҶѾھѹ˫۾͸ɱȴ˶еһֲ
˳ҵȥ׼ҶҲ⼸죬ٺúõϢһ£Ĵս˵ֻʤܣԱҪ۷״̬
ԭһжҪƻУȻ㲻㣬磬ǬǬ˺Ȼײײĳ˽ţʦʦ
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ÿԴڳʱ򣬶һѪһķڴãͬʱԼһţǳ£ôеķͻӦı仯˵Ҫ˵Ļͻճɻҽ
Ǭһ˵һߴӻͳһŷƴСĿĺɫѪݹһֲĸо
֮ϻֵ·꣬ӦĳĵƣǬҲͳһŷһģһ
Ҷĵŷôˣûʲô
Ǭжſǻˣʦŷԭǽɫģڱ˺ɫ˵˵ӱѪȾˣ
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Ҷ֮϶Ȼһɿֲɱ۳һ˾ȻֱӽǬǬ˸ײ˳ȥ
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Ҷ侲ǸصİԴ廹λͬϺһթĴ峤ǬһǸʵ̫ܣȻﲢûʲô֣ǬǬʿ㲻ϵͨˣۼ˽ԴͱϢĽˡ
ʦ飬ǾԲŪǽŷʱ򣬴峤͸ϸ˵˵ڣǴʱͻָƣǾǴдƣЩڴˣܸϻȥ͸ϻȥ
һǷ죬һǷȼգôΪԴ񣬲ںδ׼̤ذԴ벽
ҶüͷȻˣھͺǻ˰Դ塣
лʦ
˼Ҫ°лҶסǵһףԴҲҵļңʲô£ȻԹۣҺͳ˵ȻǾͼ̶
Ҷ˵ʵӷ˽类ǿ죬һǬһĴӾǰԴ壬ڴһʱ䣬ÿһİԴǽ˴ӵһԱϻ϶ṩĪİƾ㣬Դ嵱Լļҡ
񣬼ˣȻҪȥ


1628 ĳ
ҶҪʱϻذԴ壬˳Ȼֹȴе㵣ģΪʱ̫С
ণ֪жﰵҪɱҶƫƫʱ򣬰Դ徹Ȼ£˳ɣ᲻һı
Ϊˣ˳ʵڲҶǬǬ뿪ӲúǡԼһ
Դλڻļ֮أڶ򷽼ƿص֮ڣ벢ٷ弫ΪңԶһֱӴӲٷ뿪Ⱦ˳õĴ󷨣˵ɱĲ֮أȻҶ˲ţֱӴԽնС
һ·֮ϣǬǬһԲϲ֮ɫҶ֪ǵĵģȻҲȫ·
ǬǬҶȴûôأΪڰԴźܴģֻҪڰԴ֮ڣ۶޿κΣǰ˵ʲô̫Σգд뿪˰Դ壬ɱ
ĻҲһӶ⡣
ڣµʱȥһڸϵ˰Դĸʱ򣬻Ҷ˵ͻȻ±ӣɫ˲ǿѪζҶĳˣ
ҶҲѾŵһʱǬǬкѾ˰Դ塣
ߣ
ҶǻʲôΣգȻ棬Ƭ֮󣬾ͿǬǬͻȻľͷȻֱ㶵˿Уһ
һ̣ҶҲͬסˣĿѾгһȱķţ
·ǰԴڣʱﻹʲôԴ壬ֻһƬ棡
ϱڲԫשߣЩ֮Уʬ˵ĺµ棬ѪȾ䣬ȻѾɺԣȻ޷赲ǹǿҵѪ֮ζ

ǬǬͬʱһУȻһĳȥʼڷ֮ϲͣƿשʯϵķЩʬ塣
ɽ
壡
С˨
һҶ˵ǼΪϤ֣ǬǬĿдÿһֵҶͻһ¡
ǬǬԾɱһ˿ңϵڷ֮зңһ߾ʬ忹һҪҵҴߣҶȴ۾ٿΪѾ֪ûҴߡ
ʶѾ˲佫Ӷȫ֣û˿Ϣˣ·ķ֮йһٶʮʬ壡
ԴĴʼάһٶʮ֣˲ҹôĵ죬ȻһӤŮ˼޵𴦣ôضйԴ壬Ӷ֡
ǬǬ뿪ﻹʣһٶʮˣ
ҶȻ۾˸ˣ
壡
Ǭİ·Ҷٴһǵù壬һԴŵʱ򣬾һ׳һˣ
ΪԴŵĿ֮һҶ޷͸жôȻ࣬еľګżĻȴܴҶϡ
ڣľګĹѾûˣҲڼſںԼˡ

Ǭվڷ֮ϣͬĺͬ׶һĴҶͷ
˭ɵģ
Ҷɫ࣬΢΢˫֮ǽѹƵɱѾʼӣھҵ֣ҵ˭Ȼ԰Դ´˶֣Ҫ֪Щʿ£Ҳκεķ֮С
ǾȻˣ
ңһǷң
Լɱ˷ȻҲֱԼԾͶ԰ԴˣֻܹԴ壬ѵǾ˵ʬ壿
Ҷۺ͵ߣǲԼߵˣΪԼܵǣΪԹͷҶңͱš
Ȼû뵽ĻУİԴ壬ȻٴΪԼ塣
ǬǬһᣬһ߽еʬӷ̧֮ڵϣһŻž֣ʹ࣬ű˵ϤлʮδĺӣǱԼĸĸѹ£קģδ˪Сϳɻһ̣ҶĶڵѪ
ȱٵǾʬ壬ǰԴĴ峤Ǭһ
һٶʮͬһٶʮɽѹҶļϣȻѹҪȴҧؿ
ͺѾһУǬǬǵʬ̧ҶѹһԼ࣬Ҳȥ
һ֣ܿͽеʬ嶼̧˳˵ϣ۾𣬱ׯϣʼоģЩ
ǬǬ˹ʬǰᣬڰ̺ȱо֮ͣ˶ʬĿͷǬҴֵܽã岮ǰϢɣǷģһҵ֣ΪǱģ

ҶĿжȻһХźǺ鷳ˣ
仰Ҷ׼ǰңǬȴͻȻʦһ
Ҷζʱͣĵдʲô
һˣħɽ


1629 ֮·
ħɽǰλַλħۣطҶȻİΪļҺͷҵһˣΪ˶ԸԼڷħɽٿһħᣬٻһǿǹַͬԼ
ԼɱһļҺͷҵˣһ÷ħʵ
ڹϵȻɱԴ֣Ҳ۹˹ģȱٵǬһӦҲڷħɽϱն
֮ԻѡħɽطҲ϶۹˹Ϊ֮ǵУԼһ۲۵ħ
ǿһˣ˵ԼһǰȥħɽϱȻѾú壬ſһԼĴ
Ҷ㲻һȥҲһɱ׶༪١
֪ܲҶڵ뷨ڵ
ҶһЦұҪȥǬ峤ǵУԴѪծҪֻңҲʱ׵˶ˣǣˣһµʱ䣬ҵپҪˣܷɹɹҶҪ뿪ˣ
ǡ
Ҷ˺ǵĻ֮һȥΪη۴ˣֻ벻ҺӺϻˣǿ϶ΪһǵǸңôҸһľϲ
ǼֱͷȻ֪Ҷ˵ʵǾԲҶһȥ۹ûа취ֹڣǷ⻳˳ڵĻȻа취
İɣҺһսҪǾչ˺ǬǬҲκˡ
仰֮ҶٴתͷĿһһٶʮʬ壬ɱڣ
ҶʧӰǿ˰ô죿
ݺݵĵ͵͵ĸȥ
Ҳվȱ֮ɫѾһɨգȡ֮ͬǳɱ⣬ǬǬ벻ǵĳˣ
룡
ΪȻǵᣬǴȥ𣡡
ĻɵȼĵĶ־˻ȻվŴȥһƬĹأԹԴ֮Ͷ
ĹҲѾ٣еķͷƽȻҲܵ˲Ϊƽء
ǬǬܾ˰ǵİæҪְԼЩˡ
ûκεĹߣֻԼһ˫ڵھ
ˣ˶죬Ȼ֣ھ˿ǺΪҶİΣҪȥæֹˡ
˵һģһҪԼȥɡ
֮ںһ޴ĿӶǬѾȥЩʬ壬ȻǬȴŵ£Ƿʲô
Сӣ㷢ʲô
żĴߴٵ
ȻǬȴûһ˵徹Ȼ΢΢Ĳʱ˵עǬҲͷ˻ȥ˳Ŀ⿴ȥ
ǵУûпκε쳣ƽƽĵ棬ҪѯʵʱǬȻָŵ£ĵ֪ˣ֪ˣǬǵ뿪ǵǺǣǰ
˵֮ǬȻһĺУ˾ȻԵڵأŭ֮»˹ȥ
ⷬ˶ͷˮǬҲ֪˼æȥǬҪŪѡ
ˣ
Ȼ˵һҵ𵴣һȿռ֮ų֣ſ֮󣬴߳˳̫¡ħˡ
ôˣ
Ѿ˰ԴĲ״Լصʬ壬˳Ȼĵ֮ԽԽòԾʦȷӦһ壬̴żλ˹ӦѾ˰ɣ
ã֪ҶȥˣЩ֮ȥͣû뵽СͻȻεˡ
Ǽ򵥵Ľľ˵һ顣
˳֮¶֮ɫߵǬλҲ¿ȥƬ̣ȻڿնվڿиԴ塣
»صϣ˳Цҡҡͷȷ뿪ӣҲͲֲᷢҾ磬Ҽǵǵ뿪Ϊ˴峤ͬ⣬λ峤ѾһԤϵ˽飬˵ʲôĿģŹ뿪ġ
ȫһͷˮô£
һٸǽͣȽСŪѣȻ󽫴ˣȥ׷

ҶϵĿ˲ţŷħɽȥǵԼڰԴʱ˵һ仰ڣǵ˸ֵʱˡ
Ѫ֮·ȴ㷽ҿʼ


1630 
ڽԴеʬ嶼˵֮ǬǬԼǵ˶һ㣬Щ˸ǲûʲôϵǵȷΪҶͳһ㣬ѪծΪҶΪҶѣҪֻ
߰ɣ
˰εضŷħɽķȥ·ϣ̲סٴηѯʣղ˵Դ˵ǬǬйأʲô˼
˳ǶһֹۣȻٴ̼ǣǬȴƽĵʦ˵ɣѾ֪ˡ
Ǭܹ֪˳⣬ΪҶҪǬɼƷʦʱһֱ˳
ԴȻУǶڵƵȴںСʱ˽⣬Ǭⷽʵǳ졣
˳ͷԴڵĿҲ֪Ӿһ޴İ󣬲ó󷨵˾Ƕʦˣ򵥵˵ɣ󣬹Ҫһٶʮ˸۲ȫ󷨣һһС

һ仰˾ͶѾˣһٶʮ˸ۣöӦһٶʮ˸ѹҶ˵ԴֻҪڴУôͻҲ޷롣
ΪǬǬ뿪ھȱۣȻҲ޷ӳȫҲΪʲôԴᱻƵԭ
ǬǶˣȫڴ峤Ǭһͬ£˵ǬһǿӲ뿪ġ
Ҷ˳ֹһᵽǬһΪλͬϺһթߣҶΪֻ˳ܺı֮һƴ֮˳ǬһҲϸʹ
˳ţǬһôϻ۵һˣܻ벻ԴΪҶܵǣȻǬǬ뿪ôıȻʲô⡣
ھԭĿǰ˳Ҳ޷Ʋ⣬ϾԴʵ̫أֻǬһԼܹףǬһھǷ񻹻ţǾͲ֪ˡ
˳ĽͣȻҲһͷˮżĵǻϵħɽȥ
̫ȥȻָһǰȥ̫磬Ͷֻٿǽһж
ʱ˿̣ҶѾϵ˷ħɽ˳ɽ·һߵɽ
տɽ֮ϣŵɱ֮⣬ûκζҶһֱߵ֮ͣ½Ųĵǻ𣿡
Ҷ£һЦȻһ𣺡ҶȻе֣
ѿһһµ˻ȻЦݣȴβסǿɱ⡣
ˣͱ뿪ˣħɽ֮أ
Ҷɣ
ļʦͬȴҲˣ
ߣ̧ƾĿǰʵ㲻ħ
һһ˷ȻҲһһӰ֮ܵУҶ
ܹʮˣ
ÿ˵һѪ
ǵķ̣Ҷжǵݣԭ岢ֻǷΪ۹ͬжҳÿˣңһ⣬ȫǾǿߣ
ʮǿߣÿ˶ޱͷųԼǿɱ⣬űǰΧеҶѹȶȥ
ҶɫȴǷǳƽһ̣ݷص˵ʦ֮ʱĳΪɱʱʮǿ֣߳ʥ
ԼȻһҲʮǿߵǹʥߣӦҲУֻδɣ
ûη壬ûзŭʮǿƵѹ֮£ȻͦɽɨһȦ˵ҡؼҺңѾϽˣ׼ң޼ңμңڼˣҲ濴ң
ҶȻЦЦ֮УӺԺ
۹Ž񣬳Ѫһ֮⣬˭ܹͬʱôǿߵǹ
ЦɣڻЦóϽЦһᣡ
ʮǿҲͬ鵭һǳ˾ܻΪҶļ仰顣
ҶЦٿĵȻѾˣǲǸýǬһ峤ųˣ
һֵǸҵ˹һЦҶ̫ˣʲôʱ˵ֻҪˣͻųǬһ
ҶԼ촽ӾȻмĳȮදǳѪ˫ۣɢһֲ̺Ѫˣ֪ǲţֻҪɱǣһҵ
ʮǿͬʱЦɱǣҶǲǱɵˣǴҲҿڳֿԣһССϣŵõѪӵ˽յĳɾͣʲôʸǴڴʣǲ֪ôд
𣿡ҶһĿǵھ·ɣ


1631 ȭ
ߣǬһ
һǿߴ֮У߳һˣһϲ֮ɫǵΪҶնȥһ۵Ӣܡ
ܵһͬϺһ͵ߣ˺ۣѪδɣұۿյģȻҲǱһֱֻۡ
̧ͷĿ֮Ȼͬһթթ֮£ȴǲһıˣſͣ˻ƵĵҶԲˡ
ǬһλԴĴ峤ѾһϢ仰ȴҶɱӵŨҡ
ҶȻڼͣɣһͷѣǵĳԹûйϵ
һǿɭɭһЦ԰ֻҪͬ⣬ܾͻ
ܶݺݵĶҶҪû⣬ȹڵϣҿͷʲôʱҺͣˣͣȻԼ˫˫ȣҲῼǷ
ãҾ͡Ҷͷ·

ͻȻһҽдʮǿߵ͵һ𣬽ȫ¶˲˼֮ɫ
ΪҶȻʮȫѹ֮£ʩչ˿ռ˲ƣ˲ִܵߣֱһȭܵԴҲѾǬһץС
λǿ߶ʱһ˵Ƥ֮£ܳĺ˾Ȼô׵ıҶɱˣǼֱǳĴ
Ǹı⣬Ǭһ޷ĥһҶһʿȻû뵽ڱķǣܺ
ǿѾһһҵҶ˹ҶֱӽǬһͽ˺ɽ
ɽδֵʮǿȫ۾һæҲҶ˹ȥǹȻΪɱҶҲͬҶϵĸֺöأɽΪһ
ȻǿΪ˱𣬵˲ϣǳûõɽ
һǿѾ³һͨɫ֮ϵĴ·Ȼ۳һ߲ɽͼ
ȡʱΧĿռ䶼ǿٴ¶ɫû뵽϶ɽˡ
䣡
϶һжɽٶȻ죬ڽ֮УΧѣҲǽˣȫǿռѹ
ҶһЦ¼仹κܳùɽ𣡡
ȥ
ɽӦɳԪͬһɽһ㣬ݺݵӭ˶ɽ
¡

ײһǷ죬ͬʱһɽĽ֮ϺȻһơ
ɽȴٴ죬һļײ˶ɽ
ﬣ
𣬶ɽȻֱӲĴмϿмĽȫգûУؽڷħɽȻɽһǣħɽ𶯡
϶ɫ࣬ʵû뵽ԼΪĶɽȻײأ˵ɫҲÿΪʶһ⡣
Լʮ˷ѹʩչռ˲ƣɱܣڴ߶ɽײ϶ɽ˵ڵҶǰʱȥʵߣǿĲֹһǰ㣡
Ҷһȡƣ̳ʤ׷Ȼȭ϶
Ȼ֪Ҷǿ˫϶ǿԺԼĵزԲܣͬȭӭ
䣡
һȭͷɽײ϶Լľʱڵ˼㣬ҪջԼѾָǶѳɷ۵ĹͷҶȴȻ𣺡
Ҷ϶ȭĻᣬȭͷٻسٴκݺһȭҳ
϶֮£ֻҧӲ
䣡
ȻһҶֻһȭԸȭһȭһȭ죬һȭһȭͣһȭѾﵽ˼£û˿ķϢһ֮ϣ

϶ȭͷֱۣͬһȭԴصײ֮£Ȼͬ黨һ˲ŤйͷҲȫ÷顣
һ紵϶ұ۾Ȼڷɢ˿

ʱ˿̣϶УֻǲϷŴҶͬغ˴ͷŵס
ۣ
ҶȭͷֱӺԴѪĽͬһһڿų޶Ŀɫʡ
ȭһλǿߣ
һ̣ʮһǿͬһð޷ʵ
ôܣôܣ
Ŷʱ䣬ʵôô죬ȻѾͬ࿹ˡ
϶Ȼסȭôģ
ҶȭĿһɨ˵˵Ƕһ˭


1632 «
Ҷնվڷ裬䣬Ѫ죬ͬһ߸ϵĿʮһλǿߡ
ԭʮˣҪֶԸҶʵ˴˶е㲻ԸܣϾǾǿߣǻĴڣҶе㶪ˣ
ȻڵʵȴʶҶѾǸֻǵĴڣǳɳΪ˺ͬǿߣܱǻҪǿһ㡣
֪ڵҶѾ˺ĺϻ꣬ղŵȭǰ
֮ɱ֮ͺöѾɳΪɵȻȲʥʵ֮ǿҲ
״̬Ҷʩչȫôʮ˼һҲסҶһȭ֮
ҶʵҲδʩչĵƣĹˣʮˣһȻΪԴ˱𣬾ȳǬһһ棬ҲҶڽĥԼ֮ĺϻꡣ
ʮ֪㣬ֻ֪θˡ
ղûüֵһλǿߣʱ׼֣Աߵһλؼǿȴһͷֳһɫĺ«ҡ֮䣬ѾôɽҶֱѹȥ
ߣؼҶں«жӣ
Ҷڷ˽ʱɱؼ֮꣬õһ«滹װ˺ӽɳܹ۳һ磬
ǰؼǿӳĺ«Ȼӿ£ҶܿвмȴҲӡ
飡
ɫ«ڿУ·ķħɽȻһһľ޴ƣĳɽ֮ϣҶΧĿ֮ж˴Ƭơ
Ǻ«˿ڸղŵĶɽй֮ħɽ޷֣ʼȻ޴ʯĽ̳ա
Ҷվԭأ
ˣ
ɽ˲Ŵͷ֮ϣȻס˽ɫ«׹
ؼǿɫ䣬æָӺ«ߣȻ¡
飡
ɫ«ͬһͷһٽθߣһδεôźɽҪѹȥ
ÿһεûľ޴ײض֮ȻҶȴΡȻɽҲһһεĿסײ
ҶȻЦһҽɫ«һײµʱɽĶˣҲǷ⣬ȻǣһصĽɫ޽׼˺«ĵײ
ʱɫ«ٴ䣬ȻؼǿѾɫҪƺ«뿪ΪʱǾ޴ĹĲݣȻݺݵȥ
ۣ
ɽ⣬޼᲻ݣֱӶ˺«ĵײĴ˽ȥ
꣡
«֮϶ʱ޴ѷ죬ź¡죬«ڿֱը˿޾ĺԪ۳һ˺ɽ֮С
ˣ
˭Ҳû뵽«ոըͬʱһͬĽɫ«Ҷͷ«ڶ׼ҶɫĽܼ꣬ǵء
ÿһǴִޱȣأͬһһ㣬Ҷ
꣡
ͲƵĿռ䣬ϵıЩɫͬɸһǧٿף¶һһĴִĺɫڡ
ҶںԪı֮£򽣲֣ЩӰ죬ϷЦȻſеǸĺ«ȥ
ߣ
ؼǿߵͬ¶ЦҶǿҲܿסܼĽҶٶȫԼ
Ȼһ̣ЦϣΪҶڿоȻûһֻ޴צЩצڿһ
꣡
צ۳˽ɫ«֮ϣ
˶˿벻ͨΪʲôҶƻצ֣ǸצûɣӦʵʵĴڡ
ؼǿߵɫǴ䣬צۣǶ«֮УѾ«ץͨˡ

ҶһȣֻצǴԽ޾գֱλؼǿߵǰ򵥵϶һץ
λǿ߸û뵽Ҷ˹ϣֻצҲû˿ֵ֮˫ԲɣĵĲʣԵѾȻըƬ
Ƭ̵ʱѣǿѾҶϣ
ѪܵһĻʣµľǿ߳׵ѹٲֶԸҶĻĽֿ½־תͬղҶ˵һ֮Լĵˣ
Ҷ˫֮ͬѪ죬ǲѪǵ˵Ѫѿ¶һпЦݵһϰɣȻֵĻᶼûУ


1633 
ǿ߱˴˶һۺûԥͬʱҶ˽ɱ纣ɽռ𵴣رɫɣԲǧ֮ݷ˻磬еֻǳĸֹâ;޴ıը졣
ʱ˳Ҳڸϵ˷ħɽĿ˻ֺĳ棬ȫǼֱţҶȻһ֮˴ս
ǵ͵ͷһ׼ȥȻȴһקסȥгǿͬʱ˵ˣͬȾҲһܹȥȥ˲ͻɢ
ܺĲʣҲ֪˵ʵս֮ػǧ֮ңǹɾ޴ĳײ֮ѾǶִĸо˵ĳȥˡ
˳ܵûв󣬿űʤİ
ǿ߶ԸҶһˣﻹҪٲ󣬳㵹취ͣĦ°ͣĵ
ʲô취ּĴսѾܹˡ˳Цŵֻ鷳ͺǰʥԪɡ֧ţӦòԴȥɣ
£ˣ̫һͷ
Ҳû˿ԥԪɡѾ֧ͷɡſ֮ӿǡ
Ȼʱһɱ֮սĸµѹͻȻ֣µ˵ɫʱʥ
Ȼǻ£֮ѾһƬɫӰһɫŨ֮У״ǹɿֲѹֻʥͷŵĳ
ʥʱ֣ȻΪסµˣǴս֮С
ô죿
ȫ˳أص³һ֣ȣ
ͬҶ˳ǼΪһ˳ԼҲǳģ֪ҶԲı֮ˣڳ޵Ļ潫ΧʱҲʧȥӦе侲
ôȻҵᣬضһİգս˼ңǿ߶֣ͬҲ˵ǶҶżļɵҶʱʲôΣա
֮ϣǿֹ·ٳһС͵磬֮Ű絶Ҷɶȥ
ҶͷѪ֣֮Ѫӿϰ׵ĸ߶ȣԾ磬Ȼ硣
ӿǿƵѪˣȴû˿ֵ֮оɢͬڣ̼㱻Ѫ˹ܣȻը
ҽʣǿ߼һŵͼǳɽӺɫƻУͬһ죬ҲҪҶ
ҶͷɽԺԪͼͬʱֳֻ긫أ֮ԽɫͬƣУ֣ռ䱻˺ѣͬͼڣȫһâһΪ
ǿͬʱǿĸַǾ׵ĸսȻȫҶһһ⣬ˡ
һֹոսͻȻҶϹһЦһһҽд޼ҵһǿ˵Ŀ֮£ͬղŵĵͼһһΪѪ֮С
ҶȻڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣһʩչ˿ռ˲ƣ͵Ϯɹٱһǿߣ
ؼͻȻͰǿȫͬ˵һ㣬һ
Ͼܼ֮Ĺ֮£ǵδ˵ҶɱһˣǸ޷ܡ
ҶͬһμһǿߵǰüĶȻ뿪һȻǿ߷Ӧæһ˲ѾʧȥʶҶֱһͷԴ
ȹһ

߸ҲҵȻͬʱʩչ⻯˲Ϣ֮䣬ھʮǿ߽ҶΧ
ҶЦ۸Ҳ𣿡
£һȫɷ۶ɵҶ࣬ҶֳҶҪᣬѪ֮϶ɵ˫֮Уǳ˲̡
ҵһĺܾˣ۹ˣɣ
Ҷһ磬ͬ˴һɰѪֱӳȺ֮С
Ҷ֣ҲһֽŰɣ
ֶۿǰ˵깥Ԩ壬۹ΪףѪծѪˡ
Ҷ֮ҲɱȺ
ǿ侲ڵλҪ飬ɽϵжʱǾ֣ڵ֮Ҫɱ
Ҷͷ˵Ķԣҳĺᣬ۹һУʱһǱܵģڵ֮ɱǡ

𣡡
֮䶸ȻһĺҶ֮ϣֳһ޴ĲޣѪ˫۽Ķˡ
ޱߵɱ纣һ㣬̼佫ȫû


1634 
ʵ֮վȻĪֻʣ걻֮УҲǸЦЦȴٴ֮˿ֲԹԹܵɱȫͷ˳
𣡡
һŭ𣬾̺ӲĽһȺǿͬǵ⻯ȫʱѹסˣţǴ׳βһ˦¡
β֮µ˵оһ㣬ɲǾȻû˿Ӵ֮
䣡
β֮£ǿͬȻһ̲Ѫ࣬Ӵʧ
𣡡
ѪĴ̼ٴηһĺУ̼䴫ǧ֮ң
˳ȥҶȴվԭظûжϴЦǿѹ֮£ͷӴܣû˿֮ҡҡͷĵԭһս׼ŶԸ۹ģû뵽һɱţ
Ҷᣬ˶һѪĶˣԼЩվڻ۷ϵҶĿоȻ˼
ûʱȥҶΪͷֻ״̬ʵǿĿ£вͻɥϡ
ʵҶûпţ֮ǿ˲֪Թɱ⣬һȫı˳֮ԹɱһʧҲͲôǿˡ
û취Ͼֻ״̬ʧȥ壬ǲܺӵʱȵġ
ҶŵڻɱţʹõõĻӦӦԿ۹һսˣ

ҽǧ֮ս˳˶һ󼤵ֵһ̣ѾսΡ
ǿߣ߸⻯̫˶Ŀ࣬սԸ࣬Ǵ˿̾ȻԸҶʵ̫⡣
ǬǬȴ鼤ߣ˫գҲգĶս˫ȭգɫΪǵͨ죬ǾͬԼڴսһںݺݵĻɱЩ¾˰Դǣ
ӣҪԳˣ
Լ°ͣ˼ĵ
Ȼ仰Ҳ˺Ǻ˳ӵĿ⣬̲סһۡ
Ҳ˺µ˵ļʱȻûֱӼս֣ȴԪɡ֮ϵǼʥȻĻ۹ͻ᲻ϧһд۷ʥɱҶˡ
ΪͻȻ֣ôսûʲô֮һƬضɽҡرɫ֮УⳡսܿĻ
һҧһǿߵԴ֮ķһӴʼѸСԹõ˻⣬ټҲȷʵ˲ٵ¹Ҷڡ
սҶԻɱˣҶѸԻɱһˡ
ʮǿߣȫѾڵķħɽ䣬ʬ壬ҪôǱѹ࣬Ҫôֱըʬ޴档
дˡһͬһǼʼպͻԪɡֿʥҲȥ
Ŀһս֮ȻðпʥˣʱҲûеӳٺҶһսòѡ뿪
ҶȻ̧ͷ˿գƺѰʲô˲ջĿ⣬һֱ˵ǰȡɽһźԪСĵİǬһֶ
үү
峤
ǬһǬǬͬʱУȥǰڵء
Ǭһ۾ǰǬǬͬթʱʧȡ֮۵οͱˡ
ҶϵܣҳɣСӡ
仰˵жӿһɱˣΪκ˶ĳھҩҲȲǬһˡ
ʵӦˣѾ֧ǼɺԵѪܣκ˶޻֮֮ܳŵڣȫһ
ҶĬĬĳ˺ԪǬǬһһҲסǬһ˿ҶʦȾүүɣȾɣ
Ҷؽҧת˵ֻ֮ҪȣܶɻһпӶӵһõ𣿡
˫ֺʲͷһģ
ǬһȴЦŵСӣСûˣڣ˶Ȳˣм仰ǵʦ˵

Ѿ˵ֻƴĵͷ
ǬһҶҶϵܣҵһѾûóˣһˣһҪóͷһԸ𣿡
ԣҶ֣صͷ
ãããǬһ˫֣һһҵķǬǬͷ֮ϣ¶΢ЦСӣúûţʦĻҲȥС
δ˵꣬Ǭһ˫ѾĴ˵ͷ䣬˫һգǡ


1635 Ǭһ
ҶǬһԼΪͺһƻˣˣ۾ҶݷܿǬһЦеĵʼ˸Ž֮ɫݣϧЦҲˡ
Ǭ峤ȻҲܵԴĴ峤ģ֮꣬һչ˺ǬǬˣؽԴ壡
ҶǬһʬ֣صһҾס
ǳȱо쳹֮䣬ʼλߡ
Ҳ֪ǻþΪеϣʹȻľµʱ˶㱿֮гǬһӰٴθֳͬϺһƻЦݣ˻˻֣Ȼת뿪ʧʡ
ҶнһССʯͷǸղǬһ֮ȡģĿǬһӰʧ
ʯͷ֮ǬһһţҶеݺеѾ޷ˡ
ȫеĿȻǶ֪ǬһҶʲôҶ˵Ҳÿʡ
Ҷû˵Խǿʯͷݸ˳Լתȥңգиֳеݡ
ҶϵܣһܣʵԴ岢ֻһа˸ֱλڳ֮ģ磡
֪֪ǰԴڵĿʲôΪάȶ仰˵ÿһԴÿһ֮ԴĴΪ磡
ΪǵλҲǰԴ᲻ɴݣҵ˵Ҳ޷ݻ١
ԭƽȴģǰǰԴһˣȴǴƽҲӦϤ˵С
ʱĴ峤ңҲǽǬһʱ˺ܾúܾãиһ˵Ϣ
֮ҲڵеİԴ彫һΣпܻȫݻ٣Դ屻ݻˣôҲ뵽֮УȻĽȫʧ
ˣһƽ٣һڰ磬ڷ˽˵һ֮֡
˵ʵʱǬһⷬΪܷ˰Դ壬ͻٵһ磬ȫһͬھû˻ôɵ
һҪ󣬲һ֮ʮԣӦ飬Ǭһͬһ£ʵºܼ򵥣Դӭһλ˵ʱôһεĴ峤Ҫ취ӵܣѡһ뿪
һǸʼûгֱ֣ˣʵѾеλеĻˣΪû֮ǰ۹ȻǳˣǴ飡
ǾٲţʵǷˣҲòеĻ֮󣬻ǵǴ÷˽ԴΥ˰Դ۵ԼɱЩˣǵпˣȻҪٵԴ塣
Ҳ֪˭ȴǽֻԻ죬еİ磬Ҳ²⣬˿죬졣
ҪݻеİԴ壬ھҪݻеİ磬ΪʲôҲӦòµõЩĿ֮⣬ҷ벻ԭˡ
ǣҾͽǬǬϳ˰Դ壬룬ò˶ã۹Ӧþͻˣʧȥˣ޷ӳڽˡ
ҲãҲٲЩˣҽһж㣬ôˣҶϵܣȻ㲻뵱ԴĴ峤ְȴǱȴ峤ҪĶ࣬
˵ʵеǸΣеĵӽ㣬Ĳ̣ΪֲҾٸһϢɣİԴĹ֮УлĻȥñһȥֵһȥȻΣգõĻÿ˶ҵԼĻԵ
ʵҲеԭֻתһ¶ѣˣԾڴˣҶϵܣЦˣΪˣҲѡ񣬵ȻܵĻ˳ҺʹǱɣϧȴʼڹҶԲǣ
Ǭһµݣλһֱھڶгݷڽһ²ؼ飬Ҷȴ֪ºֹǹؼֱǹص飡
⸱ӣҶûһ˿
Ҳˣһ鶼ޱȣȻܲǬһ˵飬ǣǬһûѣοһеԴȻУǲòš
ȻҲҶڵѴҶת˵ڣǸô죿
˳Цˣȥô죬Ȼô죬ȥҪʲôȻʲô
˵Żͬʱ˳ҡҡеʯͷǬһ峤飬ʵ飬һ°


1636 ֱ
ҶĿ棬˳˼ݻаԴˣ۹
˳ͷпܣǬһүӵ˵ˣԴÿһԴҪάһȶ֪̲صʮ־ˡ
˵ӦռݰԴ壬Ǵݻ٣֮ȴƫƫҪݻ٣Ǿ˵˵ںĴںҵĲ룬Դ屻ݻ֮󣬿·ǵ̺̺֮ͨĳַʽ뵽죡
Ǭһү˵õЩĿģΪ߳ɣȻ綼۹ϵͳߣôĿܣµ
˳ķҶȻỳɣȴ뵽һЩ⣺ȻΪ߳ɣΪʲô֮ǰݻٰԴ壬ƫƫҪȵڣ
ҾͲ֪ˡ˳ЦŵҲĳߵ˾ͷЩҲͼ·ҲŷֲĹϵ֮иֿܡЩƫƫͷϣԵɺϣҲԵǲôǶ֧㣡
ǣ£̫ħǬǬÿ˶óεĿעҶ
˵Ŀ⣬ҶƬ̺΢Цŵͷ֪ôλɸںֱǰһս
˳е㾪ȵĵڣ
ǵģڣ﷢飬Ѿ֪ˣҲ벻һ̾ɱȥԴһֲҲٸǳʱ׼ˣοɱԴֲЩǿߣҳĵǣ
Ҷ˵ͨ˵ܾеֵֹģΪⲻҶķ˳Ȼ뵽˸ղŴս֮ʱ̧ۿϸڣʲô
ãھͳ
һֱҶȥȻû뵽ǣǵֻһտյլӣеķ˾ȻѾȫ뿪ǰ۹ǾǱĳȫĵطҶϣǰߡ
ţҶִȥѪе˷ֱǰҳ֮أõϢȻһ
ҳֻʣһտҲĴլеѾȫߡ
լµĺۼѿߵķǵæɣĶҲʰ룬û˿ҡ
ǿ»ϣطһ졣ҶվȻˣǾֱǰ۹
Ϊ۹֮ڿܾۼҳˣλδıʹԼʹˣԾҶԵе㼱꣬òĵ˳ǲѪĿǰеȫ۹
һΣҲԳսٷֻ³
ˣ
ҶڷħɽսʮλǿߵϢ˳ȥһȻ󲨣˭Ҳ޷ţҶȻһ֮ʮλǿߣΪ˵ǿǰġ
ʥħЩʱҲû˻Ի͵ս
ҶǲɱȫǿвŹȥ˶õʱ䣿
Ѫٽ۹Ϣ󴫳Ȼÿ˶֪Ҷ۹֮һսǾû뵽һսô죬ô
Ѫȫļң¥ţҲɳ˴ǵŵԣʵж֧ԮҶ
·۹
ҶҲǺŵң幫ңϹ壬棬˵ʱûңôԼ۹֮˭ͽΪԼһĿ꣡
һЩĵҪ۹˵ڶСȫѡ˳ĬΪҶӵеʵ̫ǿˡ
Ѫ֮ԭȵĳ壬壬ħ壬ʮˣ֧֣ڴ֮ǰѪѾ˽壬乬Ĵ
οҶʵ֮ǿѾ޷ˣʮֶһ֣֮˭еȥ⣿
۹
Ҷ˼Ľ۹۹ҲԼǿƵķַȴл˶ŭ֮С
۹Ȼʼɱ޹֮ˣ
Ѫ۹ֻ֮ʱ۹Ȼɳ֣ɱһһɣѪϴһһĳ֮Ѫɺӣʬѳɽ
û֪Ϊʲô۹ҪҶŭй˵ϣΪʧȥġ
˶Ǳſֵ̬ȣڣԼҲľ뵽ֵ֮ǶеϣҶܹ׵Ĳƽ۹
ҹҶھ۹֮ңһɽۣ֮ɫƽעԶƶ֮еĻԻ͵۹˱ǶŨѪζ¶ɫ


1637 ۹
㻹жõʱ䣿
һͻȻҶ𣬶ҶûͷҲ֪˳ЦЦ㿴ˣ
˳ҶôżҲӦٵʱǰˣڴ֮ǰе˽ᣬŻôææֱӸ۹Żжã
ҶĬƬ̺⼸ˣ
ԭҶӦһԺֵģǵɱ֮ȴҶĸ֪ٵʱ侹Ȼǰˡ
ʵҶƴѹԼʵĻӭ٣ԷħɽĴսӲСĵʵ΢й¶֪ٲŻǰ١
Ǭһ峤˵żֵһȥ죬ô˭𣿡
ûãҵ뷨һΪǶֻǻʵʵ̫ΣգǵĻԵһֱԥ벻ȥأ
ΪʲôȥأϾǸԵҲ֪ңǺǣÿ˶ΪĿ꣬ƴ׷ĽŲǺ֮ľȴԽ׷ԽԶԽԽ硣
˵˳˶ٵЩ㲻֪Ϊܹ㣬֪˶٣ԣϣһȥ죬һᡣ
ҶٴγĬȻ֪ԼЩֵǣĪ磬ȻٶȶǾˣǺԼȷһֲ࣬ûдĻԵֵĻȻԽԽ
ԵȻƮ죬ٶ˵һϣ
ãҶһͷƵĵһȥ죬һȥĹжΣգ϶ǸѰԼĻԵʱһƷ죡
˳һЦ֪϶ٶˣģѪһУҶѾźˣȵ۹֮ѪΪڵĵһۺ󣬾һʧ
Ϲ壬׼ô죿
ĴӪʵǲңҲûһҪʱҲˣֻʱ£ҪԸľǣ뿪ˣҲٺҳ֣ϾҲء
⣬Ҵﵹ֪ˣʵҲǳڻ죬ͬҲУƲ⣬ǵ죬¶Ҫܵ׷ɱ
Ϲ壬ͬˣ죬ǻлģ
Ҷ˳˵ҲеϹ壬ҪԵľԼԼ뿪ˣҲôϾӰ
Ǿʱɣʱִ٣ҶҲԼǰ֮ǰٽ
۹δɱ䣬²Ӧʲôԭ򣿡
ѵû뵽𣿡
ҶЦŵȻ뵽ˣе㲻ţܹ˵ԼʵǺαػҪأ
ͬеһڰвú˷еһУΪľϵΪĳЩʵӳ
ˣҶ²۹ɱԭҲΪܹڶʵӶԸԼ
ֶʵֲ̫̣ʳķʽ۹ֱǾ̶̣̼ʱڣѾн
Ҳʵݴﵽĳ־֮󣬾ͻΪԼ֮£Ϊϣϵʲôںأ
˳ĻҶȴǣһ
˳ȻһӦþܵˣؼһʱɣ
ʵ̫֮ǰҵپͻˣ
£ҶѾһʧ˳ǰ˳Ƭֻ֮һţҲʧ
۹ƶ֮ϵĺΰ˻ΪǿĴڡ
ȻڵĸԽԽ࣬ҲԽԽȴʼûһ˵Ŀŵվۣ˵Ϊͳߣ֮Ȼǲðġ
Ҷվ۹֮ǰ̧ͷʵĽɫ˲ĸܵһС
ߴʮ׵Ĺ֮ǰʮıֳأȻֻǱĸ֣죬˭˴ֱʣڵѪҲ
˵ͳ۹ݻֺ룬ŵı϶ׯϣڵȴǡǡ෴ʮȻۼһѹʲôȻҲûзҶĵ
˭ȥˣ˵ջСȫɣһĸŮŴ˻Ȼ˵ǳÿĲٺ٣֪˭޸ˡ
УʲôұҸȥ¯ˣ֪ʲôٺ٣¯󻹲Ǳ޼һλϸֱӻУ˻
϶ǹ鳤ǷãǱˣԺҪֺ£һҪ취ȥûһΣգһ˳ǣ̵ٺö


1638 ײ
⼸ĶԻҶĶУҶϵɱѾˣһЦ˳ǵǰ
ʲôˣ
ʱЩڷҶӦǼ죬˲ѾɢҶΧ
Ҷ
֣ڱ϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫ죬˭˲֪ҶǶ۹˵ֱּĴʡ
Ǹ뵽ҶȻҵǹƥһ˵۹Ǵҡڵĳڹ֮ȫûн۹
ܿЩʶԼΣͬʱ˴Ѷʯ֪ͨ۹ڵˣǱŽ䱸е׼ҶɫĵҶ㵨ӻ㣬㲻Ҹطţ뿪ˣ
ҶȻһһΪ̫ţеǱɫǹĴ˳ȥ
ǹ̳Ȼķ֮ϧҶûнЩĵƾǸղ˵ЩǶ
Ҷһǹʹ˸գͷϿѾֳ˷Ѫ磬ѪӿȻֱӾͽʮ˲ȫɣһ㷴ûС
ţҶΰεض˰֮У˫鱧ţѪѪʢʮѨڳҶܡ
һǰ۹޼ߵѪɫɽҶǰ֣
𣡡
Ҷһȣ˫ְѪɫɽݺݵ۹˹ȥ
ˣ
۹ܶȻֳɫ·еĵƣ۹
ɫͬһ˵һȦһȦĲӣѪɫɽǲɫײ˲䣬촫
䣡
ֱضΪ֮ҡΣ۹ȴΡȻѪɫɽ֮ɽʯ䣬ɼƵΪǿ
ҶϣһЦܵʮѪɫѨڿն𣬳Ѫɫɽ
һĻѵһ澰ˣ
ʮʮ׵ѪѪɫɽ֮ϣ޷ȥѨΧڴɽܣƶŴɽݺݵ۹ײ˹ȥ
۹֮ڣѾӰ˳һĻеӰȫ˿УίʵûϵȻ˸Ӳ˻֮۲֪۹
䣡
ʮѨѪɫɽٶԵõ˾޴ȻһƿɫӶĲˣԴֿ֮ƣ۹ԽԽ
ס֣
˷ŭȣӿٶҶ˹ȥô˵۹ϵϣ˵ײˣҲǶ۵Ĵ󲻾
ҶȴǣĿĶǵӵĽɫƣ¶˼֮ɫ
Ҷĵƣͨڸָͬ·ڻͨճεģ֣еĵԼδģ뵽Լĵ֮УôӦöƵ
Ҷôĵӣɣ
ƮƮѾ嵽ҶǰԻһɢƣȫ

ҶһӣһɾײߵǰǸоͬشһ㣬ֱӵɳȥǿס֮һѪ
˵ɫʱ䣬Ҫ֪ǿĸ֣ȻסҶķ֮
ʱ򣬽ɫƺҲΣӵٶȾȻҲ֮ӿ죬ͷųѾ۳˾κˣ赲Ѫɫɽ
һʮѨеŲסˣڵƵ֮£ɢҶȴһȻ˾ٲάѪɫɽ֮һֻƣ˴ɽ֮ϡ
ৣ
Ҷ֮ϲӿ˿񱩵ƶŴɽǰͷųԼĽɫƣͬ纣ŵײ˹ȥ

֮оȻ˾İݷڴֲ֮ͬ·ײһʱ򣬴Ҳͱ˺Х
·ײɢҫ۽⣬Ȼͽռ˺ѣնڳֿУȻҲס·ײ֮׷׻Ѹٱպϡ
ҶԽˣߵʱ䶼ûУ͸оһɺ嫵Լ˲ûһ̾Ѿͬâһʲôû¡
·ֲͬĵײʵϾǴ֮ײС
һ̣˶ò۾ˣǴ۵ĽҲǵ۾ϵҵȺʹʹ
ƣ
ͻȻҶȻһ
¡¡
ޱߵĽľ֮УѪɫɽصײ۹ϣײڻ֮۵ĸ߲ʵĴڣ


1639 ɱ¾
۹𵴣¡֮𣬹֮ݷ׷׵ӰͷĴӵ֮һ¶֮ɫ󲻲˶֪׳ʲô飬ֱǿͬһڿеǸѪӰ
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ȼһܵ۹
ҶȫûЩ˵ۣר£ЩɢĽɫƣЩƣܹ뵽Լĵ֮УΪһ
ѪɫɽѾʧ۹ȴȻڳҶȫһײӦǺ˵ػӴĹе΢΢б
һȺ˴ӵ뷢԰׵ߴӹ˳һ۾ͿҶ
˵ʵȻҳļһһ֮֮ϵĶһʽҶҶͳôһݡ񡱣ǵже㷲
뵽˸ԼǵĵȻҲ׳ŷҷεһߵҶǳıӵȻ۹£һײ۹ð֮Ѿ˴󲻾֮
ҶһƣЩһۣ¶һ˿Ц֮ģң󲻾֮һɱ¾ƽ˵ˣʸ˾Щˣһ;֪ڸģΪţҲһᣬֻҪǹҾǲ
Ҷ󵨣ڳѷ治ۺεܼģ֪ڸĵ㡭
ȷҼĻ˵꣬һֻ޴ѪɫȭͷѾԽգֱϺݺݵ˹
ҶѾǷϻˡ
ߣ
ܹΪһ֮Ȼƽӹ֮ȻҶһͻȻȴзſһڽɫΪѪɫȭͷ
һԵؼҼЦŵҶǻòͷˣܵ۹֪ҳһ֮࣬һһȭҲܽ⽴
ǾԣҶеģ۹Ӵ֮Ҷ
ɱ
ҶѾ˷ʱˣǰЩˣжֻආϣδֵǸʹʹˣɵġ
ˣҪսپȽЩආǽܽʹ
䣡
ʮѨٴδҶڳһΣÿѨ˰һȼƺƴư磬ϣצĳ۹֮ڡ
ҶԼֳѪ̤գԾλ
ʮ׳ĻϣԿи£Ǻε׳۵ĳ棡
־ƾѾòɵˣĿžȴ֪㣬Щ֪ˣٶָ첻Щ
һ˲֮䣬Ѿ۹ڣ֪۹ҪôǱֱճɻҽҪôǱǿֲѹѹɷۡ
۹̼ѪĽҰΪһ˼
ҳ֮еϱǿȫ־ŭû뵽ҶȻʩչ޲ĹʽԼĺǴ˲ص˺
ϱǿ߷׷׳ƽһӭʮչܵĿʼ
Ҷ˲ƵٶΧתһȦһɹ¶ȵ͵µĺӿʱסǵߣǾȻܵΡ
Щʶ㣬ʶ˲ԣãһ磡
ҶѪ磿
ǣѪɱ죬ﺮ⳹ǣӦ۾Ļ󡣡
ҶסǣȻǵ˴ɱ䡣
취ƿȥ
Ҷ۾ĻʱסλᣬѾѪֻ꣬Ⱥ֮С
Щû뵽ǻΪ֣¾޹֮ˣû뵽Ǿ͵˸˱¾Ŀꡣ
ҶĿǰʵȻȻоǿ߻ƣͶԷӴȫͽĿµˡ
ֻҪһоǿ߿ƾ輫ٶ㿪Щµҳĵǣֳʥڱŭ֮µҶĶ֡
Ҷֱͬʥһ㣬ǿ׵ʥȺ֮кֱײ̧֮䶼С
Ƭ֮䣬˵Ѫ֮УЩǿǵ۾ˣҶҧгݵĵҶСбǴǶֻһľ磬Ҳµ֣
ҶңңɱԴ壬ɱЩ޹֮˵ʱôû뵽㣬Ϊʲôܹµ֣һٶʮʿ㲻ϵЩδĺӣǶǵУҲҪǿǵĺˣǵĺӣһǰĸܣ


1640 ϻͯ
ҪҳеˣΪԴ壬ΪɱЩ޹֮ᣡ
ȻˣѪеЩԸ˳ǵˣ죬ҾҲһѪζ
Ҷһ仰˻ģѪ綸Ȼͷ֮ϣѪӿȣͬǧֻѪɫֱۣԽ˿ռ䣬ݺݵĴ˵Ⱥ֮С
ÿһ˻ӿ׵ɵһ۹ˣѪԶѹѪ֮ס
ҳЩǴ󲿷ֶѾ˵һΪҪһȣףһеĻ䣬ۺǵıӻɳģȿ籩ꡣ
Ȼûа취ȥԣ
۹ƴĵѾȫɫȾ죬е˵ѪеѪѪˮϰپʬ嵹Ѫ֮У˱ץѪ
һУŸոչȥ˰ӵʱ䣡
Ҷ߷Բ֮ڣѾһˣҲͣΪɷŭ˼µɱǵصĽΧ
۾Ļ󣬿ǰڵѪȳʱǷˣĶǵˣǵĺˣ
˼ͬʱ֣Ҷɱ˹ȥ
Ҽֳһ˽һһɽ˺صİ
޼ҼͷһŽɫ飬Ӳӣÿһâһâռ䡣
׼ҼŲһɽӡڿлӡ֮Ȼݣƾˡ
ؼҼֳһŻɫĴ󹭣Ź£һ֧ųĻβľ޼Х
Ҽҡһɫ죬Ʈ֮Уоףǵء
μҼһ߲ʱͨ磬âɻ֮۶ɣӶʱΪ֮ɫ䣬ҫĿꡣ
ͬʱҶҲҵɽͷԪ䣬ˮйͨ
ڽ֮£һ۵Ĺӽų֣һ쳹ķֱ˵궼Ƭ̵ĳٻҲ⡣
ҶζȻʧһǿߵԣ䣬һŴõͷ棬ѪĽ

˲ѹΪʱǵǰѾʧȥҶӰǵĹʧȥĿ꣬Ҳû뵽ҶȻǶԼ֣ȥԸˡ
Ҷһ̤£ǿߵͷ̤飬һģǶԷꡣ
꣬ҶĵʹԳ˰ɣҪ㵽ʲôʱ򣿡
Ȼ֪ҶвԼȴҧгݵĵʹ±Ӱɣ
ۣ
һŽҶſ
ǻķǳģҶΪ̯ƣĴļν۵ǿӣֻɱǣŻˣ
֪Ķ
һɭͻȻ𣬶ҶҲǾ״˼ܵʩչ˲ƣ˰֮ġ
ۣ
ո뿪˲䣬ԭվĵطͬռھȻѾΪ˷ĩֵպڶҲһš
һٶȻ죡
һӰҲطͷڰףĴڼͷ縳סһŶҶ˵ס
ҶĬĬעʮ꣬ȴΪϵˣпٵ˼Լôʶĸо
ôʶ𣿺ٺ٣
һЦӶԷĿзҶȻ֮ˣҲ΢΢ɫ̲ס㣬棡

ԷЦЦ֮˵ĵͳ죺ǵңһ꣬ĳɳٶ𾪰
ڵ֪˶Էʵ֮Ҷȴȥ
棬ǵڻǵĶķ֮гֵǸϹʱһֵĻļҳϺ¥ڡ
ΪҶһɵļҳȲ¥ںҲˣֻзһֱ֪Ϊֹɵϳļҳ㶼ҪҶˡ
Ҷļǵãʱķ̬ӣۿͿҪˣȻڣ˵ģ͸죬ֱͬӤƤ㽿ۣڵĻκ˶һĺˡ
Ҷɫ»ָƽĵӣ⼸Щ˾ǳȫ㣬㷵ϻָͯഺɣ
ٴηЦȻмֻ飬ͳļƷ˵ʵҶɱ㣬ϧƫƫҪԣֻ·ˡ
õ˶ԷĿ϶ҶиˣΪԼĲ²ȷģ۹ȻܹͨӶ˵ΪԼİ취һѣ
ʱƺǱԼĴЦǺˣĿ£ԵʱŽ۵ϾȻ˼ƣ˲ʧˡ


1641 Ԯ
һŵƲûӹҶ۾΢΢ַȫɹҲӦһı׶ˡ
ˣҶҪһ½ǣ˳·
ͻȻҶץȥһֻƿƽƽ֮оȻд·⻪˸Ҷһ˿ռ䷨â
ӣֿӶİ취ܹӻ˵˥ϣʵ
ҶȻ壬ӭȥͬ죬ͬе˸ֻû˷֣ڵֱ֮Ѿһɫۣ
Ҷǿһк֣Ǻкϻ꣬רΪʹ׼ġ
Էϻͯķ棬ԸоһѹԷʵѾ˾ǿ֮¾Ҳֻһ֮ңԱƵòѡ˲ֺϻ꣬Լֱۡ
ҶƷĹââ֮УƻΪצ֮
ף
Բ˲ԾзһףջƣҶצҲһ˿ɵ
Ҷ׼һצʱĵͻȻǾ״Ƶ˲òǿк˳ȥ
ꡱһһĽĺ󱳸һѪۡ
ҶǸѪ֮еʬվˣһ˿£۹Ȼˣ
ˣ
ͻȻҶִһΪ΢Ŀ֮˼ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣչ˲ƣֱӳ֮ϡ
ղվĵطȻվһλѪ۵ġʬ塱һϽ
䣡
ҶͷϿյĿͻȻۣһӰյ䣬ֳһ󵶣նȥ
ݣ
˲ƶ㿪
οĴɱҶͣһط̤˺ܾûʩչƶղ̤һ̵ʱڱΣ޷жľλá
֮£Ҷ˫۲ɨ۵Ǻ˵ʬ壬Щʬ֮еײŶɱ֣
ɱңǿҪһĴ۵ģ
֮£ҶȻ˹ͬһһ㣬»ص˸ղŵһα͵ϮĵطѪһ׵ľͽɱֵԴѪ߸
ͷֱһɱ֣ҶԼȴǳ˿еɱ֡
ɱɫϣȻʵߣԳҶޱ飬㲻ȻٵӲ
ﬣ
Ѫʹײһ𣬷Ľ֮˱˴˶һۣҶüͻȻѿɫֳѪһ⣬ֱüġ
ȴſͣһɫϸ룬ͬҶüġ
뵽һ𣬼ͬʱ֣
һĻɱֵв΢΢һΪԼ˿ķӦϡ棬ⱾԼ֮ʱصĳֱ֣ȳԷ˯ҪƵö֮ͳΪһֱܡ
ҶȻҲһȻҲǾεս֮ӵе
֮ľʵ̫ٶʵ̫죬еĿѪҲһ˭Ҳ޷㿪üĶȻѿһöƴСӡȻܳüģסҶꡣ
Ҷȴһһɴֱӽö˿С
ٶڱ˵ʵͱüûʲôɱִӿ³룬ھɱȻо綾бɡ
򶾲ֵҶ˵ʲô˺οҲûĽ£һס³ɱ֡
ʱɱּӡѾҶķѣҲû˫Ѫһţʧ֮С
ҶҪ׷ɱһƿ֮ڸ˹ټϷ棬ܹˣİΧԼ
̾˿ҶʶԼедˣһܵ۹ʹ滹ûмѾΣ֮С
ֻ˭ҲûϵȻ۹ᣡ
ӣֻǰԼǿĺַųˣȻĻ׶༪ˡ
߸˶ԸһҲǺ˼Į򣡡
ϤԶԶҶҲظ¶һ˿ЦݣԼԮˣϹ
ȻԶ֮Ϲ飬ħʦģѾȫ֡
ǽӵС˵֪ͨһϵ󲿶
ϹҶʶ
Ҷͷǰأôû
ǰˡ
ʲôҶһˣ
Ϲ˺һ۵Ϻ겻СĽҪɽٵ˵©ˣ˵ʲôҪΪֻͻȻʧ
仰Ҷ¶Ц֮ɫԼɷ򵱵ʵְ̫ˡ
Ϲڰֵˣһģȸɻˣ


1642 
̫һˣҶҲʱĽѴѪ֮ͷ˳ʵмҶʼûиκˣɺϻִ֮ͨѨʱȥշ˵ʮеʯ֮ӶԽʮеȫų
Ҫ֪ʮ֮ѺĿȫǻˣҲǶˣͻȻֵĻԻһ֧
ҶǱѺѪ֮еʱֱ̫۹ˣʵ̫ΣգԲ򲻵ѵʱ׼ǳ֡
̫λǿöҶҲڳǷ棬ȻҪĲڰɱ֡
̫˵ĵȫûзϣȻЦݵĵҶʵӦøеңΪ˶Ը㣬Ҳ뾡˰취ϧ۹ʷһŶ
ŷĻ£ҶܷԲ֮ڣȻͬһģϿʼӰֶ֮
ҶĿ磬ļΪǰֵɱ֣ܹʮһ֮࣬ʮǰ׷ԲԵߣʮˡ
ȻҲѪһɳʮɱҶҲλɱҶһѵеĻᣬԲŻϴµķʽʵǿɱִʵɱ֣ͬ
ɱ֣ҶҪͬʱʮһɱ֣ټӷ棬ƺ˵һ統ʮǿߣĳ֣Ƕڰ͵ϮķҶеͷۡ
ʱİɱ˷ʤղţҶ뵽ڱԼɱıʬ֮УȻɱ֡
ɱȫҶǰʧˣǵĳֲֻΪҶоӰʱͷʿ
ҶȴǸΪоһλһ⣬ֱӳ˾Լһɱ֣ԷӰûüȫա
ҶͻȻΪǳϣκ˶뵽ڴڱΧ£ҶȻѡ
ﬣ
ԶһɱͻȻ֣мһźڹ⣬ҶȥͬʱԼҲǿһҶҶͻȻһЦٴʧ˲ƳλɱֵǰѪ죬˶ԷԴ

Ҷ˵ЩɱָвǻŻˣûʲôɵľЩɱ֣ʵǿҾḻκһ涼ǸвҪ취Щɱ֡
ȻҶɹˣһ뵽˷·޾Ĵɱ֮С
Ϊɱ֣һҪֹˮɽǰɫҶΪȴǽƽٴμʮһˣչĹ
Ȼ֮Ѿй˴˼ϵķǳĬжȣҶ˿ĻᣬҲǵҶ˲ƵȻӲĽһƬռסˡ
һʱ֮䣬Ҷ֧׾ѻ֮Ҫ֪ʮһ˹ĶԿҲû˿η壬ڣԷĴɱʤȴԷı߶š
Ҷ׼ȥƴҲҪɱɱֵʱһͬЦͻȻĶУҶ磬ûôǱأ費Ҫǰæ
飡
Ҷ۾һһһŽȵĹתͷķֻºò֪ʱԶ
ЦݣǷƵƽ
Ҷ֣þòСҶһ֮
һϤ𣬶ԱҪʵڣ˵ͬʱҲѾսȦӰɣһȽɫźȻڿжɲǿռ֮ţսԻ
ɫ֮ƣͬƮ죬ȴһҽһɱ־Ȼ˵С
Źرգʧ֮УҲҶ˹֣¡
ȻཻǶԷȷǰԼܶΣԼɽ֮ǰʯԼأգԼսͳ㣬ҶҲǳĵлл
ҶֿСģ
ɫͻ䣬ǽֳһҶȴǴͷβͷûлعΪѾһѵҶҿɾһΪ߰˼ʥɣҲ
ǧ˪
¥֮ŮҲˡ
ҶתЦŵܸһ¥ǲǵѪûȱҪ֪ãǱʦʦ֮Ŷ
¾һҶʱô


1643 ۹ľ

Ҷ
һĺ˷˳ǣˣҲȫϵˣ
ǵĹϵ˴֮ף̼ս֣ʼҶԸЩɱ֡
³Ҷĵ˵ͷΪ˰㣬ΪҲɱ֮ϡ
Ļ£Ҷ࣬ȻһƬ̵ҶƮƮȻȻĴӸߴ

ҽУһɱִ֮еü֮кȻͲƬҶ
λлһΪһǿߵ£Ҷʼûм֣һҶΪ𶯣Էʵֹ죬Ѿﵽ죡
Ľһɱ֮ȻҲսţȻҶԺʵһֱһսʼֹң֪ӣԣϣܸ˵ȻĻұɱ㣡
ʱ˵ĻʵҶЦãȴɫȻλ״磬Ӧòٶһλֳɣ
ҶԼ̬ȣֻὫ鵱ãĻش΢΢ĵ˵ͷգϣһս
˶ԻĹ¾ȻѾɱ֣ʵ֮ǿԶͬףҶߣΨһܹģҲֻаˡ
λȱͳ񹲾һʥӣɫƽɱ֮У̼Ҳ˱
ˣȻʵϾһеٮٮߣ˳ָ֮£һʱ֮Ҳɱɱ֣Ƶòעеǵϡ
һҶѹʱٴο˷棬ǣ˿̵ķעǰս֣ԾŪ֮ɫƺڸԮЩ˸ûзһȲʤȯӡ
ҶһĿǰȻԼԾɴƣǲҲޣ۹˲֪ܲѪĴڸǷȻ̬ѵ˵ǻʲôɱ
˵ǽϣȫδֵʹ˵ϣ
ҶҲˣ׼Ƚ˷˵ĿģҪ۹ܶԷʲôɱУһݻپǣ
û뵽ǣȻҶˣҶСǲΪҪΪʤˣ
Ҷɫƽĵѵ𣿡
棬̫ˣЦҶȻûиѪһΣҿԸ㣬ʵ̫ˡ
˵¶֮ɫᣬðʻ壬Ҫһֱȥϲ
ЦƬ֮󣬷¶ҶڵҶҸܣɱˣֻһõĻʵ̫˷ˡ
ҶȻһѵ˵˷֮⣬ϻ֮ͯˣ
ȻһԶϹһ˻Ǹ㲻ôżĽһ
Ϲϻһƾʲôƴƴȴɡ
ҶȻתһòᣬϵ˴ԶȻؼˡ
ߣؼ¶м֮ɫȻˣΪʲôϹҲгĴû𣿡
ҶپȻаϹڼ
ȥ޹֮ˣ˶϶Ĺô£
ƺǿ͸Ҷ뷨һһЦİɣҶڴòΪҳôõʱ䣬˾ôųͬв˿һɱ
ղɱĲЩҪ޳ķѣҳľˣѾƴ׼ˣ
ЦݶȻһգ¶֮ɫҶ첻㴴ѪǸҶ۹֮ˣȫҪ
䣡
Ҷع۹ͻȻһ뻮һź֮ţѪ𣬽֮֯ϣʱգͷųĿֲضΪ֮ڡ
Ҷ˵ɫһ̲ȫˣ۹Ȼ˾Ķ飬ͳЩڵѪжϣЩ˾Զǿ֮Ҳڶ࣬оǿ߹Ʋʮ֮࣡
ȻԼߵĴ󲿶ӣȶԷ٣̶ֳȵĴսͿȡʤģһǿ߿׻ɱɰǧͨˣοԷʮ֮࣬۹ʼʵ
ټȾǿ߻ҪǿһЩϹԼȻδֵʹˣѹ۹򶨡
Ƿ޿֣Ͳһ֣ȴҶ룬Ҫ׽ҶһҪв۹һݣ󻼣


1644 ͬļ
Ҷ˳Ȼ֪֮ǰûԤϵûеĻǽƿĲˡ
˳˿ȻæڶԸɱ֣ҲʱעҶߵȻǵĶԻҶĿ⣬æҿǵˣԸӦû⣬ΪѪļң¥֮⣬ħ֪ͨ˷ħ壬Ҳ֪ͨ죬Ҳ
ֻǣϹﻹʹǣеѰˣ迼Щǲֻ֣֮Ӳƴˣ
Ҷ˵ͷԼ˵̫㣬οԼɱУֻʱԱҪĽ۹սԼʹȫƳ
ৡһһϹҶߣɨһۺȻٿǵŷϹôˣ㻹Ҫҷ񣿡
Цţһ϶õϣк£֪Ҷϳ˺ɽ֮⣬ʥһһ
ԭҶǺҪҶͺɽ֮ĶͳͳڿҲ۹ҪĶ
ȷ֯ʵֲ̫ûκεļɻ䣬˭ɱһ˲ϧؽίԸҳˣʱҲǼͷ۵£һش㲻һԽҲԪ
ϹȻˣɨҶ㾹ȻôģѵԼһ˶Ը𣿡
Լ֣ʳ
ߣ
ϹϹͬʱһѾҶΧ
ɽѹ֮£Ҷɿתͷˣǲη壬ֻҪϻ꣬Ӧû⣬ֻʹô죿
Ҷˣʹɣ
һЦͽҶץȻǴŴ·Ϳռ䷨΢΢𵴣Ȼÿռ䶼ʼֳŤ̬֮Ҷ޷ʩչ˲ơ
Ҷη壬ǲֺϻ״̬פֱۣƻצӭȥ
ǻ𣡡һ
˿ҶצҲ˲Ծ
ѹҪǳأһ˻ĲǶ֣
ϹܿзŪȴǲҵ飬ʵڰȻϹҶĶ֣ôҲͬУԱֹ
ͬʱƣǿƷȻֱ۳һε磬޴ѹʼҶѹȣͬڼһҪҶ⽴˵ˣһ¶üΪѡ
Ҷһʱ֪ԼҪкϻˣȻĻûȼʹͻɥڴˡ
ȻʱͻȻһһƬ޴ĺӰǵذĽ۹ȫ֣һϵҶǵͷ𣺡ؼˣڣҷӡֻˣ
Ӱأ
Ӱ֮УȻӰȥۣȴûκ˸ΪۣеĵҲң
Ϲɫ䣬ͬʱˣ˲ɫӰǵķΧȻǶ˽۵ս
ϹĵߣȻ㣬Ӱأû뵽㾹ȻĻţ
˲֪Ҷλɱֵ˭۹ȴƲӦҪӰء
ɫƽĵʹˣҲùִˣ𲻱ʵʲ
𣡺ߣؼܽӡȻԣԿ
£ϹȻӳһ͹â壬ֻаƴСһ㣬嵽Ӱصߡ
ˣ
嶸Ȼըһҫ۵Ĺâըͬһ㣬˲Ϣ֮ƬâǵصӶȥԭڵҹձ硣
ʵôһ۵С򣬾Ȼܹͷų˿ֲĹâأǺεȸ
Ȼâ֮£кڰͬӰȫϵһɨա
ӣ۹ӰҲз׼˿ȫĶ
ҶʱĺǰˣӦĹ
ۣһùӰӶѣҲΪۣߣӰأҿôӣ
Ϲ£ȻӰۣȻͻȻ֮䣬Լ徹Ȼ޷ͷһʱ亹ʪ͸
ԼЬ֮ϣ֪ʱѾһ˿ɫӰӣȻǴӵðģϢԼû˿ĸо
ֹϹͰϹЬ֮ϣҲͬһ˿ӰӣҿǵӣȻҲ޷
е۵ĵͬļѵһεθֵˣǽӰ֮磡
ЬϵӰͻȻֱֻ֣סˣһҽУǵֱ˵¡


1645 ʹ
ϹﱻӰ֮󣬿е۶Ҷ˵ͷӸһͼȻͻȻͬһɢ
ԭֻӰǱ˵£̫֮ӰϹ
˵ӡģȻٱͬļԻ
Ҷӹͼ֪ͲĪսˣҲûʱǼ棬Ȼֻȷɽ֮С
һ֮ϹµӰ֮磬ҶѹȴҲҶе㵣ģ֪ܷ˵Ķ֡
Ҷ׼ᣬȰҲһѹʱ򣬺ȻһΣٴȻұ֮κһζҪǿҵĶࡣ
Ҷû㣬վԭδֻ˫ۻ̫âΡ۹޾Ʋʡ
˿̣ЩƲʾȻͬˮһ˿˿ƮһƲԻֿ¶һټȱڡ
ֻ͸ȱڿȥǿ·ľȻԾ޾İƣǰƲʻҪŨ
һ磡
ȱھڣ
Ȼ˴ⷽڣҶ롣
Ҷעڣȴ˿ǵĵʹڳˣҪһսĻԼ
һ洫㲻ҽ𣿡
ûã˵ˣҪսͳȻͶſ۹ĵ°ɣ
ҶҽȥǵԼȥˣԼֵǻΣգҪǲս

һͬ޻һİͻȻǸȱ֮г˳ۼҶǰγһ޴Σȥӷ֮û٣ǰȻ䶯ֱ۳һҶ߳ͷ̬
׿׼ףһͷ׷ڼϣ˫Ŀ֮䣬Ȼе˸쳣䣬ŭ
ҶĶԭʹӣѵľƲ˵ģ
ǵĻʵԲӰء
ΪһʷҪԶԶԶľ޴壬ʵҲ͵ȼֵġ
ֺ֣ܶľǸֶΪϹҲ֮С
֮Уʥޣħޣ޵Щǿߡ
ΣǸֲΪֲ޷ƶǵҪӵļѣˣһֲôǵʵҪͬǿ󣬳Ϊ
ϾʯͷӰӡƲʣӵȻѶ֮߸޷ûУȫǿһĻԵɺӵԣ̤֮·Ҳг֮ʵѹͬ࣬ٮٮߣǱΪ
Ӱأʹȹ͵棬Լ飬
߼ɵسʼһźԪֻܹ֣ܹ֮ĻǾǼ޵еʥ
ʥûгֹϾʵ̫ͣʥĻǺʻΪס
ʥ壡
ȻȼĻ֣жʵǿΨһ׼ϾʽͬȡõĳɾҲֻͬΪ֮ͬʱʵһ׼
˵ʥȻϸ˵Ҳͬ޵еĴڣʵ˿ʥ
ʹȻʵ۾ǲ£ܹɱǿߵĴڣվһԲܹ˸оһֲֿѹ֮С
Ҷʹվ඼ڴŶԷȴûһȿڣƬ֮ʹͻȻһЦȻըһɫҶ˹ȥ
Ȼ֪Ʋȴͬһۼɭɭư磬ǹɿֱֲ׼ܴݻ졣
ʹĳ֣ʵ̫𺳣ͻȻҶд֮˶ֹͣ˹סȴҶӦԡ
ķƣе绹Ҫֲռ˺ѣһմ˷ı鲼֮䡣
Ҷͬվڷ֮УԪҲ޷ȫڱЩ磬裬ԣȴɽ˿

һŻͻȻҶȭͷ֮ϸ֣˲ӵֱۣʱҲȻ֡
սʽ֮һʽ죡
ȻҶǵһʩչڵѾȣǽȫۣǿһ
ⱾӦǿյһȭﵽ֮£ȻϢȴޱȣһǰ
ֻʱ·ˣÿ˶ĿҶȼŻȭͷڿһһƽ
ÿһƽȭͷ̺ټһֱ֣۳һΰԵʲôκζκ飬䳹׷飡


1646 ۾
һȭʵ̫ͣʹӲӣӴȻڿֱը»˶ƣҶ˲Ϣ֮־ۼһ
ȻʹֻΪԿҶʵûҪھչսҶҲһЦȥȭͷ˲ջأ۳һ֮Ȼûһ˷ѵȫعڡ
ĿƣҶѾշĵزңʵҲ֪ʹֻ̽Լ׼
ڣʹˣûκε仯񣬵ȴûиߵûκεĸһҶɳٶȹȻˣҪҴ򣬻ǲʸ񡣡
Ҷûκ˵ӣʹⷬҶŭЦȻˣղʲô
ʹҶĳŭһָƲʵȱڵڵĶǡ
һһӰȱ֮л˳ųһţվҶǰŮÿ˵òǷǳᣬȥҶҪСϼ꣬ޱ飬֮͸һ޾⣬Ҳ˵ĬĬĶҶ
Ⱥ˵н֮࣬ǣҶظֳһϤݡ
Ҳһףɫ԰ףЦֻǰɲǣ¶һ˿Цݡ
Բлл
һ仰ʥͯ½껣
ûгΪʥͯôһԭӦûҸѣܹԼš
ǵΪʥ֮ͯȴɥʧԼ꣬ͬһʬһţȻǵõ˱ʵȴòɱԼүүɱԼĴ񣬸Լֻ֮ʱŵõĽѡ
Ҷŭ⣬½껵ĴʹΪһɱ޹ˣȻ
ǰٸˣȻҲʥֻͯǲ磬硣
ȻҶ֪Ƿź½ͬľǹ⿴û˿¶ȵ񣬾ǳΪʥͯһǵѾ׵ııˡ
˿̣Щûи֮£ҲһѰѵꡣ
ʹ㱳ǸˣѵֻɵķʽԸѵǶҺҹһս𣿡ҶĿʹҶͶ֡
ɱ
ʹشҶȺʥ֮ͯѾȷһŭ𣬽ţȫҶÿ޾ĺ⣬ݷҶǲĳһʵϣǻǵļ壬ڵ磬¶Ҷû˿Ĺϵ
ɱҶʥͯŵΨһĿģ
Щʥͯʵ½˿̫ˣȻֻǿߣҲĸ֣ҪĳǷǳ˵ġҶȫ⣬Ҳδܹˡ
ҶȻЩʥͯǣǴ˿ȴҲòӲĳ
Ѫ縡֣ӿҶҪȫѪ֮Уٻס
ȻЩʥͯȻһɫĹâЩâȻҫۣȴһ־ãȻܹѪ˸ֱ
ҶֹⲢİΪԼҲУҾǵ½͵͵ģоõĹϵ
ΪѪΪѪˮǾۼ˴ֹâѪż˵á
ܱסǵǾֻܡɱˣ
Ҷı۾ЩѾ嵽ԼߵʥͯٿȻͷһͣһܽɽҴȭͷȻһĳ
ۡһһѪ˳ҶȴѾ뿪ԭأͬһһ㣬Ⱥ
Ҷκαƾʥ֮ͯش˫ʼսš
ʥͯԽԽ٣ǿл˿֮ѪѾͬһյȥýȥ
ԭɫ۹ѾѪ߰ߣЩѪȫʥͯ

Ҷͣӿг³һߣѾûһʥͯ
ʥͯǽˣ̿ʱףѡ۾
ȻһˣҶԸƭԼ
Ҷ۾ʲôûзһ·϶ûմȾһѪȴҵͷ·ֻƽעͬûκα仯ʹ
ˣˣˣ
ȻĽŲ۹ֱҡΣҶһÿ֪ҳľȻѾ


1647 ʱ
Ⱥǧ֮࣬ÿѪ죬ƺƴ󣬹ͷųɱѾͬĽһ㣬ֱƿ˵ǰһУ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֮⣬֮Ĵսڽ״̬̫˿սԾûзֳʤ
˳˻ɱ֣ȻռϷ磬ǼܲסԷûúͰ֮⣬˸ˣ˳⣬ɱָңɱѾȫɱֻЩɱžḻ̶
һʱƬ֮Ҳȫ
ˣܵ˵ҶߵĿǰǲģֻǣȺ֮һжıˡ
˳˵ߣ֣ǼλҲ˹ȥ
Ҷڵעʼնۼʹϣû֣ȴʼɫƽƺΧһжûзӦһ
ǲùңȥԸʹ
ҶĴ˳֮Ȼʩչ˲ƣʹǰһȭݺȥ
飡
ʹȻûκεķӦҶһȭУ˺Ȼըٴλ˶ơ
Ҷɫһݵ
ǵģֻһͬӰӰһʹΪͬ͵ȻҲƷ
Ҳ˵ͷβֵľͲʹķͬ⻯ûʲôʼճѹȹҶ֮⣬Ҷ
Ҷֵʱ˳üͷһʱ䣡
ΪʲôҪʱ䣿ǰЩԽԽľԴ֮£ǻҪʱ䣿ɱǵʱ𣿡
˳ǳҶʱ䣬޷ĳûãҲ²⣬ӦʵûɣղϹ϶ûĴﵽϻͯĵز
ҶҲǴˣ˳ôһ̾׹Ҳǰ֮ʱŽ۵ļơ
ϹﲻǰƷ
ôʹˣĳɹ
ѹʹķȽʥͯгִ߶еһжֻΪסԼ
ǸȻڣҶھͳȥֹǣʵڲ˳ڶĵˡ
ɲʲôں֮ڣǧΪϵĸ֣˳ǸܹһʮԷ˺սҲܽǸ
󲿶ӻû𣿡
ҲҪ죡˳¶Цγ֪ڵĴҲûа취ˣϾУûдﵽŲߵĵز
ȥԸʹɣｻˡ
ҶϾȻ¶Цݵٿ¶εı鰡ΣûΪҳıˡ
֣
΢΢һЦλһâѪ֮С
˳˶ãȻĿҶ֪ʲôƻ
ѵҶԺʮʮˣоﵽϵǧңȫ𣿡
ǧ˵Ȼе٣ܺùһûУ
ѪҶͷ֣Ѫ֮УվһһӰΣҲ塣
ÿӰѪܣǲǵѪѪѪɢǿҵѪ֮ζ˸еϢ
ӷĹʬ壬ϾǵѾӻ˵֮ʧˣȺˡ˼䣡
ǧȻѾǵѵĿе֪ڵ뿪Ѫ֮ϲûʲôϲ֮ɫеֻǻķߺޣΪǵĶ棬վŵľǵĳˣǽǹѪ֡
ݼ
ѵĴ£Ҷʩߺ
ҶǵİͬҲ֣صĳǻһ֮λǲǳģϾǲŸոջɣƣûа취ֻλ֮ҹͬԿ۹
ѵ˻ӦͻȻ֮дĺȻ졣
䣡
һ޴Ŀռ֮źȻ˿Уǰܹȣͬɽΰ
˵ע֮£ȴһȵĴ򿪣һȺȺͬˮһӿ˳
ļҳĲӣҶ
¥ӣҶ
ħ峤ħնӣҶ
ųӣҶ
һ۹Ͽ𣬸Ȼȫʱˣ
Ҷ磬ˣ
ѩ磬Ѫˣ壬壬ħޣһȿռ֮֮߳
䣡
һȿռŶ߳һȺȵŮΪ֮ɴҶӯӯһӣͬһ㣺Ҷӣþòûٰɣ


1648 ս
ҶЦˣֵȻ죬ͷ֮Ҳǹϵĵһ衣
ʵϸ˵춼㲻һ˵䲻ģһ³ȻɳҶȥúܶеղѡ
ҲҪΪǷ³СԹŮɱ־ϵְҵ֮Уźܶܣ˭Ҳ֪ЩŮӵʵԵڻǵʱκ˶¡
л
ҶһȻֶһҶлλǰԮԮ֮Ҷؽġ
󲿶ӾȻΣʱȫϵͬղӰصĳһҶ޴ľϲ
ȻЩ˼һҲǧ˶ѣľȫǸľйǾǿ߾жʮ֮࣬ټѪˣһ۹Ĵȣʵϼƽ
ļҳĲϹֻҶˣ۹ɱ޹޶ȣ죬˵ö֮ǲԾһౡ֮ѡ
ȻҲ䣬Ҷ̲סʵλӦܵΪܹǰôʱ䣿
Ҷ⣬˷ԸӺĿ⿴ѩСĵҶ磬ղ˸󷨣ġ
գ
ǸС͵ʥգȻܹóô˵Ĵʹ󣬽ǧˣǷֳɼ֣Խϰ͵
ȻҶ֪յϱȻźܶܣΪûкøУ˵ʵռѪ֮Ҳûжע⣬ֻû뵽Ȼ˾˵衣
Ȼ˳ͬҲΪõʦеĴУͨŶݼףյأ
Ҷ˳ʼֻ֪ؼʵ¶Ⱦǿ߲Ҳ˴ֻϧһ񡣡
ǿߣ
Ҷٴ𾪣ɵʵأ
أأ
ڶŮյž˳ſƺףȴ˽֮ɫ˫ۣҶԺûɵĸֳǬһ۾
ҶȻ֣۽ƻպǬһʵ̫ˣǳ˾Ϻꡣ
лˣ
ҶûȥѯյʵҲлشֻǳֿĵл
ЦĵˣӦģӦģ
ˣ
ʱһĹͻȻ˵Ŀȫѭķ˹ȥֻ۹ľ֮УȻ̧һ޴սģһĳ׳ùôսġ
׳ЦһѪ𣬺Ȼһǿߡ
ս죬һɱʱݷ乲ͰؼһƬɱ
ˣ
һֱҲÿ˵У죬ҲĿʼɫѪ˫۳죬ȻⲻһսģһԹĻ
ҶһЦһͬһ˿УǵʱȡƤսģ
˭սģ
һ𣺡
˸еǣԸҪΪĵľȻʥӰ
սȥһߣһԼ°ɫɮۣͬ¶˳ϰ͵ļͬһ㣬ʺɫķƣ۳һѪɫŭĿ档
ƤսǰվԺָ֣գƤսûй鳣ȭͷ棬ȭͷ߾٣һȭ¡
ˣ
εȻ۳εĴ·ͬʱоȻ˴಻ʲôһɵϢȴ˲ÿ˵ߣǽ඼ɳ˿Ҳȶ
ʦĿҲǷһŵȻ˴ѵѵã
Ȼͷųƽ͵ȶ񣬴ӶԼĴս
۹ƺҲû뵽ҶӪ֮УȻܹ֮ˣɫ΢䡣
λ޹׳иǷһߣЦݣٴеսġ
ˣ
ˣ
һ£ͻ죬ýǹ֮еĹƻ֮λ⡣
׳ŭˣͻȻӿϵĶ
ˣ
սļܼ꣬øոɳ˲ٴνٿȴɫƽԼƵʣһһµ޶սģģޱ߷۳һ˫棬߸ϣŭ
涸ȻſҲͬſͣ³֣
ԣ
򵥵֣ȴŴͬͬʱһ㣬춯أ̾ͽܼĹѹȥ
ۣ
޹׳ȻһѪ˾ȥµͬʱͬʱɱ


1649 ս
ͨǧͬʱ񱼣ҲǼΪƴ󣬸οǧʵǿĸ֡
ڷҼһ֮£۹ĴһҶǡ
ضɽҡݣ
ҶһȻǺ£ӿһɱˡ
Ϊ֪һ춯صĴսսĽΣ϶в֪ʻʹ䡣
ֹκҲûа취ֹΨһģһ֡ɱ
ɱ
ҶҲ´ʿ䣬һȵĳ˳ȥ
۾Ӹѩ裬긫ոѪ춼һ˳ֻкɽС
ͷ֮ϣѪ죻֮ϣѪɫڣܣʮѨݻ
Ҷͬһսһ㣬۹ľ֮С
ֺɽͷųԪɨǧսʽһǰѪˮӿѪ磬УǵأʮѨһſצ
յɱ֮⣬Ҷ˿սѾ۷塣
ĺȻһ֮ʱס۹ǧ˵Ĵ
ɽǧףһȥͷ
սʽȭȭͬٵأϷһȭȥܽ۹ȺըһټĿն
Ѫ죬ÿһѪˮУǵؿӿ֮£ʱɸӣǧٿף
ʮѨֱײ֮
˲䣬Ҷ۹˲䣬ȻѾɱİˣ
˿ֲսЩη۹ˣ޲ӿһ亹еʿʱ𼸷֣ǰٶҲ
ȻҶͣȴǸһ޾ʿÿ˶Ǹǰ塣
Ҷ֮ģǼ̫ħѣһľǿߡ
۹ͬɱ·Ҷʱ˲ͱѹˣдϢʱ䣬ȺǿҲѾˡ
Ȼ۹Ҳоǿߣ٣ڸղҶֲĳ֮£޲
Ҳľ룬۹нɥ̫ȾǿߵС
ٺ棬ǰǣµһǿߣҲҶʵÿ˶صʵ޹˼ɵȫʩչ˳
ǻΪһͷξǣһ߼ǰ壬һ߲ٿϵ֮ôرѣħҫ
Ȼ󲽶Уͷ֮ϸֳ޴ӰһһɫƳһСɽһ㣬˶ԴԼٶȲÿȥһΣȻҧһ˵Դ
һһòׯŮˣʮɣͷгһ֧ǣȻδһһ֮䣬ȴ𣬵֮ˣ̾ͻͬʧһǻعͻᱻһҧ
Ҷ֪Ƿڻ˲еĽ޺ĦȣֻٻǣǵھȻܹǸ࣬˵ʵҲǾ˵Ŀ졣
ҲΪ࣬ףֻ޴צסҶĻ긫һĳ˶ĵطȥɫһצȥ䡣
ѩ繲ͬˣȻոյõ۾̫ٿأǹǾصıԴǵıϵٶһֱȻ˱ס
˳ͷոʮ˸˷Ѫ죬һոһƬռʱһ߽ʮ˸룬ͬʱֱ
³ǰͷƬҶǻ᲻ʧֲϸ֣ÿһҶʧʹųɹɱһˡ
ȻЩ˸޵Уǲÿ˶ʵҶٶոŵ˵ʱҲͬиڲϵɱѪ͸ˡ
֮ĿǰҶʱռһƣʹ˶ûг֣û֪Ľʲô
ģǷܲȫɱϧһд۵ɱжԷ
ֻǿʼƬ̣ڵϵʬѾѻɽѪǻ۳ɺӣȾЩ׵ƲʣǱһѪƣ
ҶȻǰɱķΪ֪ԼǿôֻҪԼܹܶɱһˣôԼߺܾܿͻһˡ
뷨ãϧ۹ҲɵڼʶʱĿֲ֮Щ̾뵽ҶǱߵȺ֮УѪ˻վһ
һҶܹɱˣΪ˱˵ͬ飬ȴʹôģսһֻɱһ۹˵в͡
ȻҶĶյҶｻǣȥԸʹǰɣ˾ˡ
յĻҶһƺ֪ʲô


1650 պ
ԼʥֺͨϢڻ֮ǣȴû֪
ȻвҪ£ҲɳȥȴһҲΪˣòͷ˭ȥһóʥ֡ˣ
ͬҶԭĵ룬û׼ͻĳƷ˼ˡ
ճΪѪһԱȷúܶ˴һǴ󲿷ǱſϷ̬ȴѪû뵽ռѪ֮󣬷ǵûʩչʥ֣ǾľΪѪϢ
ҲǶ˳ҶѪ˲ٵ鷳
ڹؼʱ̣óռ󷨣Ķ͵۹ҶȥԸʹʵҶ޷ѹеĺˡ
գ㵽˭˵˾ʲô˼
յѵƤЦɫҺǬǬһǰԴҴߡ
仰Ҷʱһ㶣ҲǰԴģôڰԴûп㣿
İԴ壬ҵ޲գ
Ҷ֪ԣֱǬ𣬿޶ңԴǬΪգİԴΪգǺ
ԵÿһԶһ޴ɽɽɽԭ޲գ
ҶȻⲻ˳ԾȻܲ³أǴҲû뵽صȻ졣
ȻˣΪʲôܹڻ棬ҲܴУʲôҴߣѵİԴ壬Ҳ˲⣿
յжһ˿˸еǵģİԴѾʧҲǷ˾䣬۹ûˣʧ߰˰ˣһжףΪʲôܹܴΪʱҲһͨˣͶûκε
Ҷٴ𶯣ʲô۹ûˣҲʧˣʲôĽѣԼĶţӱˮӰأ
յüңҺ趼İԴ壬ǵľʵǬǬһΪǰȥԴ壡
飡
Ҷһȭһ۹˵Դ֮󣬾ͱ
ǸһŮ裬ȻҲİԴ壡
Ȼ֪ЩҶպľҲȻܹµĳǾͺǬǬһ峤ϳ˴ӣȻ֪ô£Ȼ䵽˻죬һΪʥ֣һΪ˻
֪кܶҪʣûʱˣҪֹʹֹۣɱȻĻͻΪڶ죬ڼƵȥ
Ҷɫһ⣬ҼǵңѾʧˣôֳˣ
۱˶ˣۺܿܶѾԼǱĳǿ壡
ᣬ屻ռݡ
ۣһ֮ϵĴڣȻ˶ᣬ⵽ʲôǿܹ
֪ΪʲôҶ֮ⷬԼĳƮͷٶʵ̫죬ûüץס
ã֪ˣھȥԸǣһ
ҶĿһգֻһȦܣɱ죬ɱÿ˶Ѿɱ۾ȫƴ̬˴ս֮С
һͷħ޸ոһҧһ۹˵Դûü飬Դͻһ˳ǹֱӶǳһŭֳǸɫӣһǹ֮ҳ࣡
ָĴ·أָڿз裬ɱ˵ʱԼҲΪ˻ɱĿ꣬ÿʱÿ̶˵¡
˫ԡѪɱû·ԣΪһˣȴǵĽ֮
һ̣Ȳݼ
ҶԼҲѾǻԡѪʼճȺǰ˵Χɱ۹˵Ѿ޷㣬ǼȻһ֮
ۣ
ҶȻһ𺳲ŭλһâҧ뿪սǸȻ򿪵һڡ

ͻȻһߴ֮дţһƲ۳ɵľ޽Ȼ˳
ﬡһȻҶƽȴĽնͱһ˶ޱȵĿ
׹һ׿׼ף׷ʹ֮ΣǷʹ
ҶͫһȻ˫֮͸˵ľɱ⣬ѪҺ̣꣬Ѿֵ֮֮ϡ
ΪҶʹУһˣˣԼѰҵڵ⹫ԣ


1651 Ҷ
ʹǸߴŶԵĲӣͬһֻСһҲǳ˲м֮ɫ
ƺѾɥʧ̬ήңɫ԰ףȻʮѣ˿˫ĿԲɣҲҶ¶οԺ֮ɫ
Ϊ⹫ԶҶԼҶĸĸʼβʱͿģ񣬿ԼѾɳ˾˵ĵزȻޱȵԺ

ڣԵĿԼΪ΢ҶֵʱҶһһ˫ȴĶʹʹ⹫
ž
ҶĻո£ʹȻ̧һƾ˦˶ԵϣֱӴſڿ磬ȴֻмѪ
Ҷף⹫Ѫ϶ѾǸŹˡ
£ϹԼʹۣǵķϻͯǵʵԼ⹫ѪС
ȻҶ޲̾ͳȥʹƴȴֻҧأסΪԼ˲ƳȥʹʵҲ׵ɱԼ⹫
ʹŶĳ֣ԼҶͷųľɱ⣬ԭڻսеͣ˶еĿȫߡ
۹ȻϲҶߵȴɫ䣬ȻʹƿסҶ⹫ôҶͶҲͲô֮սĺҲᷢ޴ı仯ˡ
˳йâ˸ͬʱϵĿΧգƺڵȴʲô
ҶԼ̣ϵѹΪܵҶķŭͷΪսѾԾԾԣҪսһˡ
ʹ㵽ô
ʹǿˣСŮ⹫
СŮ˲֪˭Ҷָ֪Сݣ
ҲҶ棬ԵүүҲʵΪǿ󣬵ǾΪΪѪ֮ˣ۹׷ɱǵʹԳ֣ҪɱȻû뵽ͷʹСݣȴķŹ˶ֻǷΪ
ȻʹСڱصãҶСȥ⹫ȴζġ
ҶѵҡҡͷСݡ

ԵĿͻȻһƺߣҶĻΪʹѾ׵šһֱֻۣΪ˲ԼﵣģҧûзҽС
ʹֱӽԵĶϱҶ
Ҷֽסֻ԰׵û˿ѪĶϱۣһڸҪҧ顣
⹫Ѱɣ
Եϼһ˿΢ЦҶ
ʵа취ɱĻˣԼΪԼ뵽ѵľ֮С
ҶҵĲȻ֪⹫ȷʹ࣬ȥ˽⹫
ʱʹѾץס˶ԵһֱֻۣĿҶ㻹λᣬĴΣԴˡ
λᣬָľǶʣµȺһֱֻۣҶٸʹĴ𰸣ôԽһ֫
ҡ
Ҷſͣ˵Ļʹɹץסߡ
ۿʹֱѾͻȻһţ
ҶٴһΪ֪˭
ҶΪѵĻתѭķȥȻԼ涫Сݣվһȿռ֮⡣
Ҷ磬
СݵЦݣһ۾ͿȺеҶһ
ĶѾǷˣҶûҸԼҪȥԸ۹Сݶ˲ٷϡ
ڣȻСˣ
ͨռģô˭һһģ
ҶûСݣǽĿⶸȻ˳֮оȻڵ͸¶һ˿ɱȻֻ˳ܹԼԲģһһǽ
˳ȻܵҶĿ֮е˿ɱǴûйģɼҶķŭѾ˼ޡ
˳ȴû˿η壬Ϊ˽Ҷ̹ȻҶĿ⣬˵ͷԼöСġ
˳ڶһҲ֪ʹСݣټ֪մԺܱܿʹץס벻ʹԶҪЮҶʹҪȻСݡ
ûǿƶֻǸ˿ռ󷨣ҽܷ飬ԼҶܻʲôľ棬ϸķ˶Ȼת뿪öԼ
û˻
ͷǴСˣ
ȻʹĶͣڻеСʱž޲ѵõ¶һ˿ϲ
Դ˿ҲסˣΪ֪飬񿴵֣ϳԼүүһȻ־ϲֵġ
ûпκˣֻĶʹ޾ĺ⣬һһĵʹɸһս


1652 
Ȼ󣬵ȴڳÿ˵ĶУʱ˶ͣԾסҶߵˣǼԼǲˡ
Ƕ֪ݣ֪Ҷ֮⣬С׵ľǶȻҲʮֻһˡ
ȻڶȻʹս
ҶעŶԿԾû˿Ϊ˵սˣһʯͷһ
棡
ҶæſںУΪԼȻضԣǾƴҲܵסʹһָͷ
Ҷһۣ˫֮͸ļᶨ֮ɫȻҶ̻˺˵Ļ
Զսʹϵĳ֮ɫŨˣǶмЦ°ܽһ㾹Ȼһսʲôս˥ķϣСŮȻɱ㣬ӽԺ󣬸Ͻҿĵطúʣ޼ɣ
ȻЦʹȻҵȷĶ֣Ǵһʱһʱ㲻ùʲôսһ㵽Ǹңǲң
ҵĻֻҪʤңҾͽСݽ㣡ҵĻ̷²Զβ͸жԶԶ
˵һ仰ʱ򣬶͵嶸Ȼֱ̬ͦӵϾȻֳһϵϣ˸ͬľ괺һٴλһµ
ҶΪֻԼĴȻȻ۾ɴ˦˦ԴΪǴ
Ծ˵ٶȻָָΪ
ǿήѪ֮УѪ֮ͬϪˮǸɺԵľ֮У޾·ͬڣӿ͸Ӳӣͬճء
Ȼ̬ԾɲϣǻѪ죬ӿȻ۳֮ϸǹâ財
һΰɽһԨƺһɸ߸ϣ߲ͬʵƣ
ﻹʲôĺˣֱһλʵԶǿߵĶ֣

Ⱥ֮кȻ˾š֮ͨ𣬷ۿȥһƬƬѹѹͷѾ泯ڵأд۹ˡ
֮ÿһλڳΪ֮ʱͻͷų鳼ǿơ
ҲӵֵŻӵ۹Ϊۣƿһ硣
񣬶Ȼͷų˵Ҳ˵չ¶ƣӦһλۣ
̫ĵˣүûбϵΪĻôͻΪһεۣʹȻɱһλδۣڣô£
ҶסˣסˣʹҲ¶ɻ;棡
Ƕ֪ΪϾԲǼװģⱲӦöûпָܻȻڣѾָȫΪʵӵ֮
⵽ô£
Уֻҩĵиֳһ˿ˣȻ̾˿ϸĵԭΪ˴˿̰
ʹһΣɸһս
ٴ𣬶ͬը죬ֱô󲿷˵嶼ҡҡ׹͡
ʱ˿̣ʹû˲мͳŪҲޱȣۣȻ֪ʲôǵҲȱ˸ӿȷ񶫷ۡ
ɫƽ˫Ŀֱʹŭ
ߣʹûлӦȻеСƽƽͳֱҶУԼҲͬʱһʹǰ֮ڿһץ
ۣ
۹վ֮ͻȻĪˤڵأǵ֮УȻһѪ
ǵͬ齫ǷʱȻѾʬ԰ֽû˿Ѫɫ
оۼٵѪ͵ײһ𣬻۳һ̲Ѫء
𣡡
һѪ֮оȻһףȫѪ۶ɵľ޴ѪŶ壬˶ͷɫڴţ׼ʹ
һĻ˶̲ס˿Ȼֵ˲۹ڵѪҽЩѪ۳Ϊã
Ҫ֪Щ˿ɲͨˣϵĸ֣Ȼסһӣʲôʵս
¾Ҷ޷ѵ۵ʵ
ʵ̫ˣ
ҶͬҲޱȣֱ޷ԼģԼλ޸֮
ʲô飬ѾʧΪȫָұøǿ
ȻҶ¶һ˿ȰЦݵѪսȻЩûΪȴʱúĥһЩҽȫ㣬͵油ϵļˡ
£һ㣬һѪֱָûҶüġ


1653 Ѫĸ߰
Ҷһ֪Ƕһĸ;ȫ͸Լݼʵ̫ˡ
ҲҶжȻðһɲԤУ뿪ѯһ£ǶѾһȻվѪͷĶʹŵԶȻһͬķ۵ѪǵŬΪС
ʹĿ£û˸ճʱƶͰ裬ֱ֮һ񣬽еĶ˳ȥ
Ҷæ˹ȥԵסֱĵߵ鷳Ⱦ⹫
ɫҰף϶ֱֻۣȻûѪʹȴĴڣ˿˫ȴֱֻĶŶ촽ţһ
Ѿִ˶ԵϣƬ̱ҡҡͷ״ã취ѪȻٿɣ
һ̣ҶѾָԼ󣬽˿ڶ׼˶Եͣ⹫ҵѪɣ
ԾҪܾҲֻҶѪ˿УƬ֮ʼйעģȻüͷ֮ǰǲҲȹѪ
ҶѪԼ⹫ʱ򣬵ȷȹԼѪͷ
Ķʱ¶ϲ֮ɫ̫ˣоˣ
ҶҲȥѯԭˣֻҪ⹫ܻţʲôҪ֣صĵллˣ
ȻȴǺȻٴüͷԥԥĵм£ңûи˵
ʲôµȵδս֮˵ɣڻ鷳κ⹫
¸йء
ҶȻһ֪ĶԼƺģҲϵĳŰ취ָΪѵı֣ĵĹͣ
һս֮ӦãӦþҪˣ
ĴŵεⷬʶҶ֮Ҷ˫ȻԲΪʲô
ѾָܻΪϣˣΪ껹ãټΪѪ壬ѪҺ̺֮һƳһֵҩеͻػ۷״̬
ǣЩĵ֮ӭľֻһ;ң׵궼޷ȫΪУعء
ΪˣҲҸãһֱڲϵоϣܹıֽǾ뿪ٷǰϦȻҵҪҩ
֪ҶеĵλȻϸɵ£Ƕʱ˵ɣǵȫԸ۹ˣһ۹ҲɳͬǿԸٷĻôΣʱ̣ͿԽŵҩԼӶסٷ塣
޷ܾԾͽҩһٶһ֮ʱǧܷãΪһãǾ޿֮֡
û뵽ȻΪ˴ʱΪ˶ԸʹңҲѾǰ˵ҩҩЧҲػص۷״̬ﵽ۵ľ硣
һ֮Ҷڲûйģǿ˶˫۳죬૵ĵ棬㣬Ǻοأ
ȻҶĻת΢΢һЦͬʱĶУ㣬ԸĬĬŵԸȼԼΪƬٹһԼ
ҶĬˣȻҲѡߣ顣
ɸ߰ȥҲԸ΢Ļţ
Ѫ֮Уһ˫ۣѪ֮˶һԴѪеĸ߰ΪѪ峤ĶȻܴﵽ˫۵ĸ߶ȣҲԼΪԼĺ󱲣ܵɨ·ϵϰ
οҲҪһԼʧϰʱ䣬һе׾ʹ
ʹЦһ֪֮ǰҾӦɱ㣬㻹̫
ɣɱңѩ֮ܣ
ЦƣµѪͬܣҲӦ͵ķһֱʹ˹ȥ
ʹңȥԸ۰ɣ
Ҷͬʱ˶ĴһѾɫָһ˿Ķԣĵ˵ͷƲ֮еڡ
ڽǰһɲǣҶ̲סٴλͷ˿̶ʹѾվһѪ׹ҫۣһѪ֮ƺʹ·ֿУ˸ҫ۵Ĺ⻪˷ر顣
ﵽ۷ʵĶȻʹ£
Ҷ΢΢£ԥһͷƲʵڣӭԼڻյĵˡۣ


1654 Ծ
ƬеĶ磬ȻһƬƲʵ磬ȥ׵ƲʣͬһڲͣķӿţγһƬƺƺһԲεˮ̶
վѾһֻޱߵİҶܹԼ
ʱ˿̣ˮ̶Ϸһ췢Ҵһӵߡ
Ȼ˫۽գƺ֪ҶĵǴ֮Ȼ¶ѹȴƲ統С
ѹͬҲǵңոնͷųֵҪǿĶࡣ
ϾǸոյ֮λߣ˵ʵĻǻۣҴ˲֪꣬ǿҲʲôֵ¡
ҶΣԼʱʲôһַӦ
η壿ֻţ˷ܣ
Ȼڵ֮ʱȴһƬƽһ˿û
زҶҲȷʵҪκεˣΪΪһֵ̣ܣѣˣеĸԼеȻɱԶ˵ֻɱۣܽһУ
ҶûԼϢΪŶԷ϶Ѿ֪ԼĵŲŶԷ˹ȥ
ÿһ£µƺᷢҵķڣܹܵҶǹɺεľɱ⡣
ҶߵʮԶʱ۾
˫۾Ȼ͸ģŴ·ǳģ·޼ʵһ㣬һۣ޾յĸо
Ҷ˫֮ͬ䣬¸ʾĺ߻ӡ
ˣ
߻죬˵֣̬ޱȵƽһλһ㡣
ˣ
ҶĻشҲͬȻ
ߵ˵ͷɳٶʵھˣȫҵϣѪһţħҲ˽֮⣬ʦʦĳɳٶȣȲ㡣
ǱȲңѪһţÿߵ·ͬǵյȴһģƷǣɱǣһƽ
ҶĻ߶ȻЦЦ֮г˲мΪʲôһŵˣôΪǣôԸԸƷǣɱǣǳɹûУһûУڣͬܳɹ
ǰǵȷûɹҶ˿ûΪԷĻκεķŭʮƽĳϣǽĻһתһһ᲻һϧûлῴˣۣϻ˵սɣ
Ҷٺۼ˵ȥܸԼǵ
Ż£Ҷ˹ȥֻһĽ¾Ȼһ·Ƭͬһ㣬۵Ӷȥ
ﬣ
һ·ΪɫУͷųޱɱ⣬ۣ

һ·ˮˣӿͷ߾ۺݺ£

һ·ܻ棬䣬ǣȸ£ۣ
ž
һ·Ѳƣ۲ƶȥ
ˣ
һ·ʯɽΡ׳ݺݵۡ
ҶԼĵƣڴ˿ֻ̱Ϊͬеƣͬʱ۷˹
۵¶һ˿û˿Ļң˵ͷȻţܹ·ֵܻزѵãѵã
ϣ
۵ıͻȻһɫı˵ĽͬǣȻʡ
һ˵õǲڣںϣҪʣȻ𽣾ȻʣɼԲƽ
ɫ𣬾һֻεƣס˽һĽӽ֮аγÿһ磬ͻͷųɫĽ⣬Ŀ֮
Щɫĳ֣һɿֲͬ嫺һ˷ױȵǿսܵƲʶֹͣ˷
Щɫ⣬Ȼâҫۣÿһĳȴһǳʷɢ״һγһȫɽɵĽɫԲý۵
ҶеͷųĹҲʱ۵ߣǸɵԲ
ɫѣˮ˵εθɺԣܻϨ𣬼ƬƬѣʯҷ
ʱ˿̣ɫĽոմӽ֮аγ֮һѣ
ҶƽҲûκε⣬ϾԵۣǻǿߣĹҲֻ̽ѡ
Ҷ۴ɫ⣬˽¶Ľֵչ¶·͸ղ۹ΧЩ·һģһ
ƣôӦþǵˣ


1655 
רõ۹ȥǰʱ򣬾ͻὫ壬ӶΪйʥ
˵ļң¥ӵеʥǼ嵱λµġ
ǿĵһԭȵ֣֮ôܹӳȫ
Ȼڲͬǰ۵ûȫʵĵ𽣣ȴԼ˵УôܷӳԶԶĿǰ֮ӵеЩʥ
ۣټǿʢĵһսĲô򰡣
Ҷۣ˴˼ƺ˼ʲôʱֹͣ˶ԭء
ڣҶٴγֶ֣ţ۱Ҫľʱ䡣
ҶƮ磬˲Ϣֱ۵ߣȭͷȻȥҪ̽۵ǿ
һȭϢƺȭͷƽǼΪѣһһĻǰ
ǸղҶʹһȭȫֻղδУһΣҪǷԼӲӲ
ҶûʧԾܹصһȭ۾ȻˣҿΪ⣬̧ûκεƣһȭӭȥ
䣡
ȭཻһɲǣ֮޾ƲʾȻֹϸͬĺɫȭͷĽ֮ķӿǿÿռѣձ
ʱײ֮
ɫƬƽ˲𣬱裬޾Ʋʾı޻һڿ񱩵ķ֮Уû˿ֿ֮ı˺Ƭһʧ
ǰЩɫڴ˿Ҳǵõһ㣬ʼǣƬ֮䣬Ƭ֮УͶˣֲľ޴ѷ죬ب֮䡣
ÿһѷ춼һɵĴ죬ſͣȴɵһУ
ҶѾͬһʯͷһֱֱɳȥһ·֮ϣ֪ײٺڰգһֱɵƬľͷ
۵ȴԾǼʯԲεĽɫ֮Уһ
Ҷֹͣ˷УˤһƬƶ֮ϣûǾţ۾ƬѾ֧硣
Ȼûкۣ۵ײȴƬ磬
ǲôô
Ҷӿһ˿УȻɱﵣȻ˿ûаܣΪǿȻ۵ζ޷ʵеܲˡ
Ҫ֪ڸղһȭҶżģǾǿߣᱻֱҳɷɻҡ
ҶҶ˵ˣһôΪǣôԸԸ˰ɣɳٶȾˣ֮ĲԾǲɺġ
Ҳûгʤ׷ֻǽԼԶԶҶһƶ֮վĿƵĿͬһɵۣ΢΢һЦ˵仰Ҳľˣϧ㲻ö졣
һ˵ŻҶһٴŲȥ˵ʦʦĳɳٶȱȲң֪ҵÿһλʦʦ㣬ٶܹۣôȻǶҪǿңΪʲôôĲࣿ
ۣ֮ȷЩ࣬ǲǲɺ㿴£ҵһȭҲӦһССĿͷɣ
ҶжǼԵģʦʦȻʧܣû˭ڻڣ
ӵеʵԳͬ׵ʦʦǣôҲûɻ۲ôࡣ
ˣȻȥ۲ûбԼһȭֺҶţʵӦòˡ
ۿ϶Ҳ˿ͷֻΪ˴ҶԼģӲûб¶ֻϧһ仰ȴǱ¶ʵ
ңȻҪͨҶҶ˵ʵҲûʮİܹɱҶ
ٴδ̤ԼҶ۵ϹȻһ˿գָֻܿƽв͹ˣǶĲ࣬Ҳɱ㣡֪֮ɷ
𣿡Ҷƽ̤һһѷ죬֮У֮ˣ費Ҫ㣬ʵ㲻ֻһλ꣬ǿռ۵壬Ҵɱʵӵν֮
ڴҶģͬҶҲ취ŭۡ
ϱıΪϣ
ٴηЦҶ֪Ķ٣ҲҪһ£㲻֪࣬˭ҲۣڵѪǲǵõĻǻ

һŻ۵϶Ȼڶ죬ߴɣͬһʢؼľ޴󻨶䡣
ƬƲ磬֮£ͬһŴֽʼ


1656 ǻ
ǻ
Ҷ𣺡ǻȻʵǵַħλۣû뵽Ȼţ
ۣ
Ҷ֣
ħɽַħѾ֪ˣҶû뵽ԼгһվȻԼλ۵ꡣ
ۣһƣ൱һַţַħԯ콾ۣ̽ۡ
ֻ̽ǵķţǵ
ǻ۵
֪˶ԷݣȻҶ𾪣ȴûη壬һ˿ϣ
ȻħͬʱۻţȻֻ״̬ôԼʦħ죬ҲͬмĿȻţ
ڻǻΪλ״̬첢ǿռԭ۵壬Ҷ֪ǼȻڻ죬ôҪܵζʵҲֻǵ֮ܳ߶ȡ
ǻҲһλţȻ࣬ԻϵƿأȴǴﵽ˾˵ĵز˶ԣĻٿػҲҪǿ٣ңħҲûɱһսֱ֮ӽ뵽죬ȻҲûˡ
⣬֣ʵһΪ죬ԻΪ죬Ϊ죬ΪԣǻǸǿĶ֣
ҶԼ֪йػǻһУ򵥵ĸҶ

ƬƲ磬ڻǻĻ֮£ճޣҶǻȻҲڻսе˵ǰ
ʱ˿̣սѾΪΪƴģҲΪڶѪ۹֮ս
ٵģȻʹͶ֮Ĵս
һսʱ˶޷ģӰغϹսӰ֮硣
Ҷⷽռƣ۹ǽڽڰˣȥмĿ۹ˣǿҶͻ۳ֵɲǣʹͶʱֹͣ˴򶷡
ۣۣ
۹֮ϳۣʱ¶ϲ׷׹ڵأеѾǼ棬ѡ
Щҳ˵ӳʼҪһ۾ΨһĵΨһΪۣǿԷܲһС
ֻ˶ûʸܹۼۣ۵ĳ֣˵ֱһ񼣵չ֡
Ҷߵˣɫѿ֮У̫ĲϵȾǿҲǼ۵ģȻƷ۵飬ۣеη塣
δ۵ˣܵͷųԶľ޴еηȻͬʵˣѾ޷ɵڵء
һ˫ʿǴ˳۹˱ҪֿˣȻ۵ĳȴǸע˻Ⱥ鼤ܣʿ߰
ֻϧеȴûע⵽ǣΪܵʿ仯ҶҲʱӦж

սӣȫ̬ҶͷϿգɵӴ˸ɭ֮ɭɭƬԼֱޱɱͬ޵סÿһˣ
ȻҶⷽЩΪ۳ֶʿɾɱĸȾ֮£ֿʼԼٶȻָš
۵ȷǿ󣬵Ҷγǣ
û֪Ҷʵжǿڣ۵ǿҶû˿ʾɱ˵Ѿӵ˺һսʵôҶڴˣη壿
ǻȫǱȻǱ֮һĽ״̬ڽɫ⻷֮£˫ĿƵĶ
ΪʮǰĵǻȻֻ֪ǶȻ״̬Ҷͷҳֵ˲䣬Ҷʵƶ˴ȵҲɻ
Ȼ֪ϻ꣡
ǾɱĴ̼֮£ǻָܹղŵĵϾǻۣȻֻ״̬ҪԶķȥ˵֮ɷ˵ӣУ
ˣǻȻˣ
ǻָӡǹʼȼյĻ棬ɲǼ𣬾Ȼͷһ춼ճ˺ɫ
䣡
涸Ȼը˾ŹɣҲ֮
ǻĻ澹Ȼ˾ʵĻͣҶ˹ȥ
ͬҲɣһѷɫһȼܻ棬ڿӹʱͬɽ񷣬ֱغҶ
ݷȼһƬ磡


1657 
ڣצԾ֮ϻɢĸ£һЩǽϽǣֱӱճ˷ɻҡ
Щǣһ⣬ȫ۹ˣ
ĽǸе𾪣еţȻŷۣΪۿԺԥ׳ǲԸͷųĻΪҽ
ΪʲôҪǵˣ
˲ɻ
۵֮٣˼ͷųսȻ޷󣬶ȻҪɱҶᲨ޹Ҫ־ֻܹЩʵ̫Ҫۣ϶ᱣǵģ
̾վάۡ
ҶĮĿųԼľ·Щ۹˵ĶԻзһ˿Ц
Ȼ֪ǷϧЩϵ񣬵ٻǻǸûнЩ˷ϵġ
ڻǻУЩ˲ӣϣʱؿڱǸǲܵ¡
䣡
һͻȻ´һǣͬбһ·Ĵأʱһɽȼ˲ĹȻɽҽжȫޡ
һİڶһβһɽֱӳķѣըʯǵص˷вԶԶսǶ̱ܲ˱ʯ
ȻҶʲô֮ˣǶǻȫΪǸе˼ķŭ
ɱɣ
Ҷһ£һţһһѾǾ
飡
Ҷ̧ƣ죬һƾһԴϣǿͬˮкһ㣬ֱӿ壬Ӳɢ˿廯棬ӿ˷
Ǹɴֱ࣬Լסһ֮Ӳǽ飬ͬǻɢ
ת֮䣬Ȼû뵽ǣ棬˴˼ĳһȻٵںϵһգ۵ĹٴҶ˹
ѵЩɱģ
Ҷ˵жðһ⡣
Ҷһߣ죬ǻΪ˶ԸħԴһֶսʵûʲô˲𣬲ǽһ˿Դ֮˾֮УҵбԴ֮ĻɱȻĻĻٴξۺϡ
Դ֮
ԭǻȻҲӵһ˿Դ֮ҲҶ̱ԴͱԴֵ֮ĵԴ֮
Ҫܹ˿Դ֮ռΪС
Ҷвð뷨ҲֻѣҪ취Ļ
ٴҶ˹ҶۣҲ޷Դ֮𾿾ǲ֮УҲֻѡͬʱɱ
ӡٳֻѪɫڱ죬ݺһȥһԵץסȻͬʱֱӽӲĳϳ˰˽ء
һҲ״һ㣬޴ٴαǣһԵĲסȫ顣
˲ʧǽɲ֮󣬾ȻٴϣҲ˵ȻûɱбԴ֮Ļ
Ҳ̫˰ɣͬʱɱԴ֮Ȼôɣ֮У
Ҷе㲻˼飬ΣһͬʱɱһͬʱɱȴȻһ˲Ϣٴۡ
ԣ϶⣬Ҳ²ǻܹݱԴ֮𣬴һȻתƵһڣ
Ϊɻ۶ɣԾڿвҲлҽǱץסʱĻ𻨸ǻ޾Դ֮Уһڣ޷
Ҷ˵޷ʲôõĽͷֻǸħ죬֮ʱһԵֱӽȫɱƿһС
ȻˣҾͷЧʦһԵɱ
Ҷŭˣͬŭ˼ٻе㲻ľߣҲ֪ȥֹģʱҶΪƴɱĵеֻε˻Ҷڡ
ݷҲܵΣͻȻԲſҶΧм䣬ب֮䣬Ǿɵ壬նȥѹԡ
𣡡
ŵ𷢳ȻͱԲε״ͬʱҶ˹ȥ֮صȵĻ棬ܵĿռ俪ʼƬƬıѣǾŹǿȴǽҶס˲ƶ޷ʩչ
ǣҶûҪʩչ˲ƣɫƽ˫ֿٵ˼ֵơ
ֻ֮ңʱȫд䡱һ졣
ٴγ˿УֻΣ峤ǧɣѪ⣬


1658 ȫϻ
ǧɣ˶ˣǻҲ¶һ˿𾪡
ʱ˿̣ǰͽӰôڣѪʵ壬ǲԾ֮ɢƣǿ˼£˶Ϊ֮Ϣ
ɻ
һȺ˹ڵأЩ壬һЩǣΪȻ˿չǵǰĲʥǿϢƺҲѷɫ
ǿϢǱܵĴӿһɾηԹĤݡ
ȫĺϻ갡
Ӱز֪ʱѾ˳ߣſе˸֮̾
ȻȻ֪ϻ֮Ҳһ
ȫϻꣿ˳عû˼ȥϹ³뵽˹ؼ⣺ǲǾ൱֮굱£ȻԼ³ʵӶγ
ĵͷ
أ
ҶҶѾ϶ΪһԲõġ
˵ҶѾס֮С
һʮĸо̧ҶĲԼƣǷޱȵצ
ͬ۾ȥľҲΪȻ󣬶һжԵСһжͬһ㣬С˼£ԼǾɳĻҲֻǾ߶ѡ
Ҷпѹֶ˵ǿͬ׵ҲԶͬ׵ǿΪƾǿ޴壬ռ˼ƣһС
ڳ嵽ҶǰֻϧʱǣҶĲκεвҶֿǵĻȼԼ壬Ҳνˡ
ҶȻ᲻κεֿȻ֮вбԴ֮ôܹڻǻ϶ҲŽϴӰ졣
Ϊۣû˱Դ֮൱ڶһ۰
𣡡
Ҷû뵽ȴȥͬһܿӿȥ
飡
ҶһֱӾͱõ˳ȥ
ߣ
ҶһߣȻԼǾ޴βͣϯգֱӽԼ󷽵Ĳͬʱֻצֱַץס
ǧɵ΢΢һ̽Ѿ׷ɳȥĻſһھͽҧס
ҶΪһץסǰ󲻻ᳬϢʱ䣡
УҶβ;ֻצץҧһתĿ˻ǻ
ǻ¶һ˿ţҲҶԿ϶ʮ˿Դ֮
𣡡
Ҷĺ֮зһͬװը֮βһѹɷۣ˫צһ˺ѳʮأ˶һֱӱ̵˶
ⲢĻǱԴ֮ǻûɣԼ£Ҳκε˺
ת֮䣬ȫʧըҲ˷ɢȥͬʱǻˣο쵽˼£ԭĲӰıȴǳһֻаƴСĻ硣
ҶһЦǶȻӦþǱԴ֮ˣȻԼǧԶֻҪԼ˦˦βͣȻԼķΧ֮ڡ
Ҷľ˦˦βͣ׳ɽβһȴԵޱȵɣһͽǶʱǻóβԱߣɫβץ˹ȥ
ҶҪջβͣβʵ̫ǻҲǶԻڱصãֺֿݣ޷ִܹ֮£Ҷֻܽβٴһ˦˳ȥ
˵Ҳɣķ˳֮ͬʱ˳ҶĴǱԴ֮ú˫ศɣ
Դ֮
˳۾ȻȻһ˿ԥΪֺöӦøҶܷӳãԼе˷ˡ
Ȼԥʱһž޴ĺɫӰͻȻһֻƣֱӽűԴ֮ץס
ҶԦˣҰշܹӺˣСһ
Ӱص˳Ķ𣬶عͷ֮Ȼһ£˲Ϣ֮䣬ǱȼҪճɻҽĸо
ǻȻһץסβǵԴ֮ȻҶ˦˳ȥӰؽסֱ֮ӽ˳ڣʱ˿
ҶĲ㣡
ﬣ
ǻǱɫıٴδӽ֮л𣬶ĿĽɫ⣬죡
֮д׹ɫ绮Ƴգ·Ƿһʾͷݶҹһ̬
аھ֮ϵʥҲдӻ֮ʥ޷ˣж֮ϵĽɫ

ǡ۽


1659 ʼ

Ϊڻ֮УԼõĵѭܵģ֮ʱŻᷢ
͵Ҷɽ֮Ϊ׷ɱ෴ִ־֡
۽ԾڲĻӽ֮𣬴ʱųһ룬ȻӽɢĲֻǽɫĽ⣬һơ
һϵ£ΨҶһƬΪ׵ƣ
ֻεƣӳȥΪ֮ɫ۹Բǧ֮ڵĴɽʼһһı
˿ѾûټˣҶ֮⣬ȫԶƬǶʹҲ⡣
Ϊ̶ֳȵѹѾԶԶܳܵķΧʱ㿪ͻͬЩɽһȫѹɷۡ
ֻҶ״ɰȻԭزǺ纣ƣȻҲͬЩӰ죬ǸκʵԵ˺
ﬣ
ڣ۽ȫʣǻУһ̣Ѿ۽Ҷɱ˹
һâǧף
ҶȻӭųȥвϵķצ֮µϢ޼ִǻһǻڿзһһǿײ
⻪죬ձѣݣ
ѾһƬĩսκ鶼ֲֿĻ֮棬һз·𶼻ޣʧֲϳ֣ٲϱĺڰҲ޷ѡ
䣡
ɽҶͷϿգ˿̵ĺɽҲǻǧߣͬؼŵһԪȻҶӴȫְ֣ıԼˡ
ˣҶȴԼٱСҲǱΣǻΣֻ֮һսףͷţʵʵ
Ǻϻ֮һ̬ԻΪס
̫󣬹ȻҶٱȴҲű׶ˣǻ۽ôӴֱǻӣٶٿ죬Ҳܾ㿪۽ĹôĹҶ֮Ѿ˺ۣѪ졣
ǻҶͷϵĺɽ¶̰֮ɫҶȻҵıԴ֮ҾͶĺɽ⳥
ҪߺɽˣѾˣֻҪʵᣡ
ȻָΣ֮սףҶԵøӵ䲻֮ж͸һϵİ
ǿ񰡣ѪһţǶֻѪеĽȻΪԼˣЦЦ
ҶףǽҲһնˣɣۣ
ҶǳƣȻûн۷۹ĻΪǶ۵Ĵ󲻾壡
ȻȴǾܣҶҪնۣǺ׳ۺһ飡
ǰǲǣ֣ǿˣ
ȫעҶӰغȻߴһ˿תͷȥ¶ȵĿŻͨѾɻˣȴȻǿҧزϵµ˳㻹ϽշԴ֮治Ҫ𣿡
ȴս
˳˿ھ٣඼Ҫճ˻ңȫǿԼ˫棬ƴѹűԴ֮
ҿʼշԴ֮ΪģԼһʱῴҶˡ
ӰεҡҡͷİɣҶղȫĺϻ꣬ӦòǸոճ˶ںϻĥϣȻĻڻε£ȴ֮껯սף
˵ۺȻŲԶڹսѩֵѾͷ£
ѩ輱æ˹ʵǰʲô£
ľӰȻƳŲս͸ˣ
ʵ˳ɢȶȣѾγһƬյش֮⣬û˸ҿѩΪӵ۾ҾлбԴԲηָ¡
۵Ļѩ輱æ˵ͷȡ۾һӿ˳
˳һΪ˵ĸомĳѩ˵ͷֿ۵ǰӮ𣿡
˵ȻҶѾﵽǿ״̬Ҳûʩչȫ˶ԣ˿̴սʼ
ӰػµͬʱǻͻȻٴγ֣۽Ϊڿһģʱ޾ռ俪ʼݣƬȫɫͬԨľ޴գƬ
ֻҶƬռԾûбڵǱΧХ˸ΪֲǰЩ֮µģɽɫ۶ɵĸ̬³
ٴξΪ̶ֳȵĹֻһֿܣǾǶ˿ռ䷨֮


1660 ɱ֮
Ҷܹÿռ䷨֮Ѿʲôˣ۾ȻҲܶÿռ䷨֮Ҵǰƻ̶ܶõĿռ䷨֮ҪҶǿĶࡣ
Ȼ˸пѣ֪ʱԼʵܴﵽ˵ĸ߶ȡ
䣡
ףԼɫ۳ɵĸ̬ͬʱĵҶ˹ȥ
ҶȻ㲻еĹݺݵײ֮ϣҲѸٷһ֮ɢ
ǲٴξԭҶҲóĿռ˲֮ڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣԽƬȫƿصգصʵ統С
ҶǻֳֺɽǻݺݹȥҲȻת۽ӭȥ
ﬣ
ײһ𣬷ǵĿֱֲò˶жʱѪעŶ䵹˵ϡ
ײǻ۳һƬ󣬽˵嶼ȫû˸޷еľֻܸоƬѾ
ˣ
Ȼǻͬǳ˫֮жȻ⣬Ȼκ¶ȣȴ̺޼᲻ݵҶ
ǻ֮ǿһĳ̶֮ȫҪ֣ƾ۾ͷųͬС
ҶȻǻ˫ʩչԹҲǺңüѿɫѪӭ˳
ѾٵϴӵеͬС
Ѫɫâͬ磬˺ʣӲĽǻޡ
ǻͻȻһݺŽ磬Ψ𣡡
ؼͻ䣬ķ磬ƮݵƣεĿһ̾Ȼȫ˽ɫĴ·飬ݺύ֯һޱ޼ʵĴҶͷ¡
һĻٴαɫЩĿùҶɽٵˣΪ˿ʩչһսȻǵ׷ɱҶĴ
ֻǿд߶·γɶҶ׷ɱ
һУ̺ŵƵֻûֻܹһЩԵɺ֮£һЩֲܹЩƵĴڡ
ȻǻȻܹһ̺֮ŵĵƵȫԻ˿ɼʵʵֲ̫ˡ
ңΪֲǣΪһжԵǻʱǸ޾ġ
Ϊʲô׷ɱҶĴκ˶޷ƿ
ԭ֮ж̺ŵƵôܴһǺܿͻиĵƺ͵޾ֹͣ˵ħˣѪһžǾ֮£ҲǴĶ֡
ΨһģǲɳԽģΨ
Ҷͬӹһ˿ȣȴ𾪣Ϊǳǰ۲ۣǻǻһλʱѾʮĹ
Ȼû֪ʮʱﶼʲôطǾƾ֪ͣһЩֻڴ˵е
УȻͰԻ
ŴԼͷ£ҶЦŵĴ޷Ĩɱ˵ˣƣ
Ҷ£ͶȻſŵһΪ죬ԴﵽĽǶȣ˿СڵĻòϣʱҶͣĻҪϼ֣
ӹˣҶſ˼µУȻðһɫα
ǣɲǼﵽ׵ĳȣǴִɽĽ֮ϣɼһſ˻ԾȻϣ
кŵǱ
֮ϳոմ֮г֮ʱоͺһı
ȻҲˣҶȻǴںϻ״̬֮£ŵ̶ֳȵͣʵڣ
ﬣ
ͷ£׾޽޽֮Ͻ䣬Ľ֮Ȼ׵ľͽѡ
˴Ϊôô޷ֵâ
Ǳɱ֮ڳ֮ʱӵеȫɱ۶ɵһ˵ɱ֮նɱʥԻɵĴȻ޷赲ķâ
ʥǿ޵еĴڣȻڱɱ֮£
⣬ʥĸΪʲôҪɱ
ɱöֻҪ˳۵ģǸҲһնɱ
˲Ŀ࣬߱Ǵ治֮ȻȻɱ֮أˣ
ȻǻȻڲϵĴ߶ΧһлƵ뵽֮УǸѵɱ֮ڲϸѡ
ն
ҶȻһȣ˫ͻȻסɱ֮ĽתУ׼˻ǻصȥ


1661 ǳ
ɳľ޽ͬһ֮һ㣬ص˻ǻǻڴ˿ҲӲӣϾʥɱıɱ֮
Ż۵㿪߶еĵƵڱɱ֮Ľݺ֮£ȫʧڡ
ֻ֮ʣһɫ޽ͷų޾ɱ⣬̴ֱա
ɱֲ̫֮ˣ
˶Ŀɿڴ֮ʱͺڿеĽȻ֮ƵϤնɱ
Ҷٴξɱ֮Żǻȥλûٶ㣬˫͸۾֮жȻա
һǱһŴֱֽ˺һ޴ѷ죬֮ѷ֮Уȴֳһ˶ޱȵԲʯͷΧŵϼƻãʯͷ֮ŸɽɭֲͬһС
֮
ǻĿзһȣʱžʯȻӿٶȣѷֱ֮£ӭűɱ֮ײ˹ȥ
ֵ˵ǵħҫвడֻǳ
ǵħҫϵ֮۳һħǣӶﵽҫĿġ
ž޴ޱȣڲһԲʯͷǳҲҹʱ򣬻ϵˣԶԶĿ
ȻڣȻǻֱ֮ٻΪҶʵ̫˼ˡ
ӵųǧɽľ޴ǳԼٶȴѷ֮׹£һӵľ޴βںݺݵײǸߴıɱ֮
䣡
⼸ԿһصĴײǾǿ߶һ񼤵˵ˡ
ײѾ޷ݣҶֻ֪ƾԼĿǰϻǿ״̬ǳײɱ֮ʱԼĻڶñѿѪʡ
޾̳ڿնգݷ춼δ֮ʱĻ״̬
Ǵǳͱɱ֮ϱÿһŻǵ棬һƬ֮䣬·Բǧ֮ڶ˻硣
Ƶɽݷ˻棬ڲϢĺ˲ɺԣǧľʯ̼ҷ
֪жٵһײ֮¶ʧȥԼ
ǲ
һ촫ǿž޴֮϶Ȼһѷ죬ѷı鲼ǳ棬Ȼը
ɱ֮ȻǳƬ־޴ײ֮ñɱ֮Ҳͬʧ»ص֮У൱һʱ޷ٴʹˣҪ֮
һضɽҡ֮ؼعƽ˿йս֮˶Ѿ˵ǧ֮⣬ˣҲв˸ղŵײ֮С
Ⱥѻȸÿ˶ݷһûĵֻǸ۾עеҶۣ
ֱǳΪһܹǳ飡
ⶼ˲飬ȴʵǵǰӳ
̶ֳȵĴսίʵѾǵ󣬸ᵽһ޵ľ֮УЩûвսȴǰսĸһǿǣ
¥ħЩˣǺҶϵҶ˽ҲȻҲеţеʧ̫ǿҡ
ĺҵҵĹȵȣϹЩһǣҶֵĶḷ̌й죬ȴɫҰס
ǶΪԼҶ֮䣬е࣬Ҳֻ̫ҪԼŬŬİò˶ʱӦþ׷
ȻڵǼʶⳡԿʷĴս֮󣬲ԼҶ֮Ĳ࣬ǸһԽĺ蹵½ûл׷Ҷˣ
һߵĺɫСɽ֮УȻһϣȴҲЩɱҶѶۼ֪ͨ죬ǽ֣ǣֹ񣡡
ǣ
Ƭ֮һص̾Ϣ𣺡ѵĲѪһŵĶ𣿡
Ҷţ඼Ҫţ΢΢Ǳսθ֮µ˫ۣǶɸղһʵ̫ңǺϻ껯״̬ƾԼԲܽ¡
ǻ״̬ҲòȥʩչսȻ궼ֳɵΪ
˭ûȳַֻĬĬעŶԷһ˴˶ڻĶȴ˶оһָѹ
ÿ˶֪Ҷ֮ĴսȻҲΣգյʤԼ˵ˡ


1662 ʧ۽
˶˽Ƭ̵Ĺ֮󣬻ǻȷֻüѿһźԾ˳
һŲȼĻ棬ҺȻǻǻ꣡
꣬Ƿں꣬һ˵ǳֳɫģȻǻ꣬ȻһŻ棬ٴγǵʶ޷顣
ΪۣȻ껯Ϊ˻棬ѹڻĲٿػﵽǷ켫ĵزҿһնȥһ˿Դ֮𣬲ȻĻѶԸ
Ҷ𣬶ҶȫŻ棬ͬ˾Ⱥ͸иţԭ껹ַʽ֣ȻҲΪһȫµĴţҲԼҲԳķõ
ڣҶȴȫԸӦԻǻĹΪ۾ȻԼ궼Ի˳˵ĹȻǾ˵ģ¶ҪʤղŵĴǳ֮
Żĳ֣ԼҲĽеǱɢ޾۽ٵü֮
һ꾹Ȼֱ۽ϣٿȻʧ۽֮Уļ룬۽Ľ֮ʱʱֵĵƾȻ˸ı䡣
˷˾۽ƺͻںһҪԸҶ𣿡
ҶûгԹ֪ū壬ԦǰǻʽӦûҪһΪǽȫ۽С
һԭھͻ۽һǿı
˵Ҳ൱ںϻֻ꣬ǽ˵͵ϵһ
ʱ˿̣ԭɫ۽Ѿͨ죬һոմ¯֮óıȻûһ˿ǽճ˻ҽ
ˣ
۽ǻƿأ˿УֱָҶ˸е𾪵ǣʱʧȥۣ˿̾Ȼж׵ľ롣
˲ʵû꣬һƤңôжô£
۹䣬ĸ˴𰸣ֻ꣬ҪһڣȻԿ
˶ʱȻԭ۶Ҳﵽַ˼ĸ߶ȣԽ롣
ں֮µ˳Ȼ˰һۣа뵽ӣ֮ǿӦҲǴﵽ˺൱ĵز룬ȻĻԽһΪۣþķ
˳ͷȥ˳̲ס˸ֻ״̬ǸղŵĻսȴͬٷ쳣ͨͽһǿ߻Уôȫʵﵽʲôľ磿
˶ΪҶͬ˵Уû˿Ժ⣬Ĭԣͬʱߴȱͽħĳʥӣ£ҶҪ϶٣
ﬣ
ǻƿأڿе۽ȻԼһĽţȻһ⣬Ҷ˹ȥ
Ҷһպɽ׼ӭƱؾĶǵһ
ݣ
۽ڿлһѤõĺɫһǰ֮Ƴ嵽ҶߣҶҲѾɽþȫݺݵӭȥ
Ѿкܶס˶䣬رʶΪ˱ⱻǼľ춯ײ𺳡
ǳϵˣ
ɽҪ۽ʱ˿˿ԪѾƵ۽ʱ۽϶ȻһŻ档
Ż沢ҫۣߵҶҲûио˿¶ȣʮͨһŷһǴ˿̳֣¶κ˵ע⡣
ȻһŻ۽ðʱȴǴ۽ȻĴ˵ǰʧˣ
գǴԽ˿ռ䣬ϢֻҶ֪ڻһɲǣ۽ϵ˿˿Ԫ׵ľͱճޣǽ۽ʧģҲȫ޴Ӳ
ҶǻһΪĿʧȻͿ˸գҲһ˿бĿÿԶվĻǻ
˿̣ǻԴһ˿Цݡ
ҶĥΪʲôǻ˵ʱͻȻһԺ֮д
໣

֮ѾսףҶ棬ҶԴҲͷס
ȻڣͷüľȻһСĺ⡣
䣡
ͬʱһǿᵽ˼µĿֲͻȻҶ߱˳
ǰϤһĻٴγ֣ҶΧĿռͬһűȼֽʼƬƬľһɹɵĻȼ
ռ俪ʼı޾ĺڰҲڻ֮£һĻΪһ
ֻ˿ҶѾ޷оЩˣΪĺͬʱǱʧ۽ȻԴ֮У


1663 ȼ
ܹԪȼճ޵Ļ棬۽ͬȰĳҶԴңֱӶ׼Ҷ꣡
ҶѪע۽г˾ǻʲôֶΣȻܹԼں֪£۽Լڣ
Ҷ֪ͬǻǻһ
֮͵֮տռ䷨򣬴Ӷõޣռ䣬뵽ҶԴ֮С
ȻҶ֮껯ε׿ױ֮ͬ죬ҪֱֲӶ֮꣡
˸֪ʲô£ֻܿռضҶͳƬģս׻һâڣʧȥսױʽҲͬʱʧȥʶ˫ĿգƯһƬ޾ĺڰ֮У𽥵ԶȥҪԶʧһ㡣

Ҷ
˳˶ǽķϣܹҶѣӰءҲѾƬճȥҪҶء
ʹһЦȻ࣬ǵصƲʣѸٲóһƬ󣬽ʱס޷
˳˵ż۹ȴǳһֻҪҶʧ֮УôͲٻˣȻⳡսĽҲˡ
꣡
꣡
Ⱥ鼤ܣ۹˿ʼ۷ߺϵȡⳡսʤסǡ
ļң¥ŵ˶üͷ壬Ȼ֮ǰѾǵ˸ֺ˵ʵʧٵʱǵжӿ˿־塣
ǼȻ뵽Ʒ۹ĴսУôʾǷߣȵ۽ҶѪ֮Ʊؾͻչϴ
ϴģһڶ¡
ǻŵһ˿ϣԿۣȻǼʶ۵ʵ֮˿ϣȴѾ
Ҳǣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ȫעǰ۽ϡ
Ҷ֪ҵ˰ɣңԶأһὫɣѪҺգʢתΪҵúõĻȥ
ǻǳ˷ܺͿϲҶԺ𣬶ҶȴǲΪٵ˼Ӧǰ״
ˣ
۽ڿʼҶȥҶҲѪһ̣ɽ֮ƴҪ꣬Լְ𣬱ˣҶȴǿаס
ܹ֮ԪճޣɽҲǰװ
ﬣ
Ѫס۽˲Ѿޣʱ˿̵۽ͬؼϵĻ棬پûʲô赲Ķ
һ̣ҶѾԸоԼ걻ȼˣ˺ѰʹҪȴ
ѪȹҲȫˣΪǶҶ֮У˿̺һֻ֮ࡣ
ģҶȼɫĹâʼɢҶ˵綼ʼıúڰ
Ҷ
ͻȻһ·Ӿ֮ͬĺһ㣬ҶԺ֮ը
Ҷ
˭˭ںңѪ𣿡
ҶʶĴȻȴòκεĻӦǸڲϵĺš
ҶҶ
һŽȻҶǼѾȫڰ֮Уͬһյһ͵ĹâʼһɢΧĺڰţһźɫĹâ֡
Źâֻ۾ǣĹâȫɢ˺ڰѾʧȥʶҶ۾
Լ
Ҷ
Źâ֮Уֱ԰һҶ
֮УֳأƵĽ⻷֮£һЦݣԡ֮еҶ̤¡
һһ죬Ų죡
ڹ֮УԻ׵޾ԨԨ֮УһЦͬӰһ㣬ֳɫҶҲڻʰ׶ϡ
һһڤŲڤ
ҶÿһǵĽ¾ͻһʵ·ҶԼ򵽵ĵơ
˵һֵƳ֣ȻӦǴʱ˿̣ʵƼѾǵأȴûκζ
ҶãȻ͸ɻע֮£ҶѾͬʱߵǰͬʱſڣ֣Ҷ
һ̣ҶͬʱʧҶֻԼǱյʹ֮УͻȻȪԼ̩
һͻȻ𣺡꣬һ̫֮꣬Ҳһػ֮꣬Ҳһ֮꣬Ҳ
λ
һŽɫˮθ֣ˮ֮ϣǸӲӣЦݵҶϡ
ػλ
һźɫˮθ֣ˮ֮ϣǸͬӰһ㲻ЦҶϡ
λ
һѪɫˮθ֣ˮ֮ϣҶϡ
һ
ˮڿͻȻٵתƬ֮Ȼײһһ춯صľУҶײ֮£Ȼںϵһ


1664 
ҶٿȻ۾貵Ľⱬ
ǰ۽ԾıǼⲻֻһ֮ңȻȴ˾޴һ㣬ҵĻζţ޷ǰֺ

ǻǳ˾Ȼӽдһ̣ҶѾס۽
㣬㾹Ȼ״̬һⲻܣⲻܣ
ǻѾʧȥ侲ͬһд󺰣ȴıʵ޷ٿ۽Ҷ
ҶЦˣȻ˿Ծ״̬Ǳǰӵİˡ
ԭȰ֮ĽѾɢȥû˿Ĺâɢ˫еĽⶼڿٵɢޱƽ
ǣȴͬһ񣬷˿īʣȴٴ˿ķâ
ͬϴǦ豹棡
ҶԼû뵽걻۽֮յһ̣Ȼ֮йͨԼǳ͵ػꡣ
ƺǸܵΣ͵ػֱ꣬Ӿ֮Ϻ;֮£귢˺ͬʱ
һҶӵ꣡
һͷųĻȻҲˮǴߣ˲޸ܵ˺Իֵס۽Ĺ
ǻԼҲǾһḶ́Ȼ֪֮£ѾȱһԼҶĶ֡
ʵ֮У۹Ȼ˷ܵǰףʤ˶ڵأſվĤݣĵ𾴺ͳ羴
һѾĴ£˳߹ȥѾʤɹʱˡ
Ҽֱ̫ǰ̧°ͣ߰ĵལΣǹԹ־ܣҪ翹
һԵؼҼЦŵҶʣǲһȺں֮ڣ̬ȺõĻۣҲܹǴᷢ䣬ô˵ܹסһ
뷴ĻҲ⣬Щˣһܹס˼ҵһ𣿡
úÿȻǱˣѪ֮пǻвͨӰɣѵǸһ
̫˶Ŀѣҧгݣò˵ĻҲǵߣǲѪĿǰǧӣǲ
˳ȴǸû۹˵ĻһȻĿעԶ
Ƭ۽ҶɣҴԽԽԶƺѾʧĺڰѾڿռ䷨֮ĸ֮£ϣֻʣ²ƴСһСȻҶǲܻˡ
ɴµ䣬˫ץֳ䣬̣ǧ˪ңȦ֮ҲỨ˸˫ֽճȭϵɴ¾嶼
ʧסҡͷ߶ʲôɫƽ֮ȴҲһ˿βסıˡ
ǶѪˣΪ˰ҶԼһ·ڣƺһжѾĻȴǵĽΪҵĽ֣Ǵʱ˿̣ǸΪĵȴҶİȫ
ѵͬһԾļһֻһŶݵǣ
ߣ̫Ҫٲ̬ǿɾͳˣ
ﬣ
ڷҼոµ˲䣬һıͻȻǸѾСֻ۴Сն֮д˳
˵۾ȻɴѵҶˣ
ǿǱʱȴǼһϲҳΪ۽
ӣ۽Ѿ񣬴֮зˣ
꣡
֮Ͻ䣬ӲĽոϵĿռٴ˺ѣúڰնڱһߡ
ţһӰʹ֮˳
Ҷ

Ҷߵȫ˾
ӰȻҶǱ۽ȻУ
ҶȻĴ֮лˣ
˷ĻؼȻٴηת
ոջüɫ裬ɷ۹ˣ˿ֱûֲ̿
ȻûɱҶ
ͬʱʼɫƽ֮ϵۺȻһƺߣʱмǿ߻â嵽۵ߣֺõʵۣû°ɣ
ߣ
۷һߣţۡһƾȻֱһǿߵԴѪԽĽֱ۵ĿУ
һĻ˶һ׵׷ʲôΪʲôͻȻҪɱԼ£
ոմ֮лҶѾ˷˾棺˸Ͻ뿪
Ҷ£ǡۡٴǿߵԴǵѪҺ̽˿С


1665 
Ȼû֪ôˣȻԼҲŹ̵ɱǣҾȻǵѪȫɡ
Ҷÿ˵ĶУǳ̫ļٺ֮⣬۹ЩȻȫ㲻״£һʱ֮䣬ǲ֪ǸӻǸ¡
λǿ߱һѪȫۿеʱ򣬶ҶѾе۽׼ۣѵǻûзǵѪԼʵиղϻͯϹǼ֮ǰ¾Щ޹֮˵ѪŵʱĻָഺʵ
ۺǵУǸʳǿڣѾˣΪ˻ָʵҲΪõĲƷ
ҶĻ£۹ڷӦһ˷ȥ
ϧʱѾˣΪǿۣ԰׵϶һ˿ѾָһЩʵҲչͬһĳɢȺ
ЩУĶǿߣǣǾһҲѾ˷״̬µ۵Ķ֡
Ҳʳ˭ʵΣһȻɣ˲ϢĹȥѾнĳ羴֣֮л
ֲҽ֮˷ı޵е۹ڶΪƴӴţѾѪ͹мǵĻǻҲͳΪ˵ǸĶħɱ¾ɣ
ղҶڣҶץס۽֮ǻʮֹϵĽ۽˴˼ϵҶһصԼ֮Уʩչ𽣵˵ҲǼΪĻģΪ˶ԸҶҪ첹ǲڵַĳ档
ҶʼվԭأĬĬעǻķоֹҲֹ
Ȼһﵽ˼£ǱҲѾǰǻսʱĴղִ֮۷Ҳ;ƿݵľء
⿿ûܹõǻһСģܿԼҲᱻ䵱ɲƷȥðգֻܾĵϢؼŬָš
ڣ۹Ѿֻʣ²֮һʱ򣬻ǻֹͣɣ̧ͷѾѪ͹мֻܿ˫Ѫ۾ĶסҶ
ҶҪӿˣǻʵڴ˳֮£ǻûܹס
ȻǻȴǾҶδжҶһ𣬶Ȼ֮ǰʹϹʱΪ
аȷЧȴҪһʱ䣬򵥵ıȷǳԱ˶ӣҪʱһ
ǻ
֮ǰǻҲûͱԼϣƲòԼ֡
Ҷһ£
ھǶԸǻҶһûᣬֻϧ˶ɼֱֻܾռƬգնţƺڱ˴˼ɵŶԷ
Щһ۹ˣҲٴƴȥڣֻԽԶԽã
Ȼһһ޴Ѫһ֮г˳֮ϹӰֱǶۺͰ
ڸղҶɵʱȥҪҶȴʹ಼µĻסֱڳ˳
˱סʱܳʵҶʧȥʶڣȥʱ䶼ӡ
¾ۼʹĿһǻҶ¶һ˿ȣջĿ⣬󲽵Ҷ˹ȥ
Ȼʹ֪аı׶ˣҪûҶ
Ѫһǰ֮ϵĶҲ˵뿪ɣöڣҸʱˣ
ۺͰһ֮ͬʱŶһȻһԲ뿪ֱӻصҶߡ
ͬʱ֣ԿСĴ۽ʹǴӶ̬Ѿ³ӣԣѡضľ
ҶͬĬĬעӰ¶һĨıл˵ĸ֡أ
һ̣ؾ㾲ǻҶݷһƬ磬ն˵ǰʹͶʵǻҶǿߣҲͬš
վ֮ϣɫƽ̧һָʹ۵۹ӻڳΪѪ峤Ϊֻһ


1666 ֮ս
쳤Х֮ȼѪʹɱ˹ȥʹҲǺãͦӭϡ
Ŀ⻪𣬿񱩵ؼⱬһƲʷ֮ϣһѪƺܣ˵ǰֻʣһƬ˰ɫѪɫ硣
䣡
һȭͬݣʹһ޾Ʋʾϣ۳һֻ֣ץ򶫷
ⳡսĳ棬˿ѷɫۺҶ֮սڶʹλͬǶǿߵܣ·ѪɫƴƬƬļǵأ⣬д֮
ǵÿһιᶯô֮˿ռ䷨֮һԴĴս
ľ磬ʵȫ൱ôҪȡʤֻƴԶڴ򣬶ڷ֮ƿأڵݻ
ټؼݷһֽУϵİֲ̮ϵĹϣ󣬿ռ䷨ٶѾϲ˵ƻٶȣضıԭȵ״
ﬣ
ѪһѪУ֮䣬һѪӣͬɫ˿һ㣬ʹƶȥ
Ѫ䣬ʹһֱ۱ѪӲס˲ըΪƲĽȻγεѪ⣬ȫѪ֮С
ͬʱʹҲԼһֱֻۣݺݵץ˶֮ϣһɼǵ˿ڡ
˿ֲƣȴüͷûһ£Ѹٴսһ
Ʋӿ֮£ʹĶϱѾ½ӺãѪ֮У˿ҲѾϡ
һĴսѪǵײΪѪΪþ˴ƿصһȥ๥
һӹٴλѪУʹ£ͬһѪɫ磬˺ʡ
ۣ
ʹĿжȻһ׵ϳѪУ˸գ֮С
ֱѪУͬҶ̧˸ҫۺȭͷѪѪ֮ƣݺݵʹԴ
ʹһָסѪеһƣֻƲʵ棬˷УͬŶȥ
䣡
ʹһֱٴαϣһҲзϵ
սڼѪڻԽսҲӵĲң˶˷˷Ѫȥ޲ϵ˺ۣѪ죬ɹɽȫԲҪķʽڷ񹥻
𣡡
Ȼٴ쳤Х뷢ţΪʱѾʣ²࣬ҩЧɢ֮ʱɻ֮ʡ
һѪͬȪһӶĿпΧ֮ϣʱ˰Ӳ֪Ѫͷų޾ѪΪ綼һĿĺɫ
ɫ԰ף΢΢һ˫ȴȶɽƶһͬӡһѪ֮ƴϱ任Ƶ֮ɿ뵽Χİ֮С
Ѫ
ˣ
ȻʹεĲʹƲʣǻΪʼ֮ϣԽԽ
ʹͬ쳤ХʹҲ޷ѿΪѪ峤ȫѪΪƷȼ֮
ĺһȻŲһһʹȥ
ǿʹȻסˣйս˶ˣҶȴǸһ֪⽫Լһμķˣ
ȵʹµһ̣ͬҲ֮䣬ҷ
Բ֪ʱѾѣȻ޷ֻ۾ĬĬעţ֮䣬ƺ˶ǰǸӢˣµĶǸѪһΪǼѪ۶ħ۶֮Ѫֵĵλţ
ͬҲѪպĵλ
ȻʱţתۼһгɿգȻʹΪߵƶ˲
Ǽˣ죬Ȼĸ߰ʵĴڣԼһΪɨǰ·ϵϰ
һսλѪλһսս佫޶
ѾߵʹǰղϣͦɽȴȻɢӢţ
ʹѾ԰׵ϾȻ¶һ˿Цɱҵģʱ䲻ˣֻҪٶһᣬҶ֣㣬ⳡսʤȻң
ӰĬĬ̾˿ͬΪ֪ʹĻģ
ƾ棬㽫ƴɢò˶ãȻۣ
ȴǰȻһЦ֮ϸֳ˲Ĵ·Ӳӣͬһһ˷ǰ̵ӿ˹ƺƬأƬ֮䣡


1667 ֻ
ָĴ·ڿн㣬γһһ֮ӣصɫʣ鶯Ƿ֮䡣
ɫӿд£Ӿ֮ʷ׳ʣɽӿֻڵѪڷȡ
˿ûںԼǷڵѪΪȫؼǴ֮ףǴ־֣ҲŴڶͬ
Թܹõͬģ޲Ǿž֮һҲԼĲķṦΰ
ܹȥĻôû˻ỳɣͬΪЩǧŵͬԿʷ֮У
飡
飡
ͻȻÿˣӦǷԲǧ֮ڵÿһоԼദ΢΢һʹţһѪȻ
֮䣬˷ѪŶ˹ȥ
֮ѪͷѪ˵ѪؼƺѪ۶涼δʩչȻˣˣѵ˵ѾԽѪʼ棿
Ȼ
ͷ֮Ѫȫɵ˶ΧгһѪɫΣհûĿȴͬһоǸѪɫӰǶ
ʱ򣬶ȻתͷҶ˶ԣڳÿһˣǲ԰׵¶һ˿Цݡ
Ц˵жһҶǲѣͻȻɽһССӰе䣬УСݡ
ҶСݣһָӰСݣүүסԶ
ݷ֪һСݵͻȻӿһ޷ѹƵıˣ˲棬ſС֣Ŷ޺үү
֮Ѫֻأ
һȣûСݵȻһĵ⣬ʣǸѪɫӰҲ˲ʹڡ
û˿ûеεĲֻʹǱһһƬĿѪ֮Уķɳһɢ˿С
ʹ֮ѪĻɱ֮£ڳ׵Ļҷ
ĶˣҪˣ
ԶӽԺչ˺ѪˣҪٳĿѣ
ȻʱСݾȻҶ˫֣Ȼڿ˫ţſ˫ۣȫŶɿ˹ȥ
үүүү
һſǻĺص֮䣬ʯĳˣҲȻ
תֲȥСϵˮСҲһѱס˶壺үү㲻ҪߣҪСݣ
СݹԣޣԺҪҶĻ
ʾͷ̫£˼һ⣬ڶϣΪȾһɫĹԣ˿̣ǲϵվȻԾ˵ٶȱᣬƺϻֱͯһλ׵ΰӣ
ȰһЦҪͬǰһСݵָոѾ̣Ҳ֮ɢʧ
үү
һ˺ѷεĺСݵĿֱرɫ
ˣλϵΪڽµ֮λѪΪҶɨϰضԼ֮󣬴ĸ߰Ȼ
ӢĻ˵жһɾ޴ĸˡ
һУ֣ԶԿǵУԿʷӡ֮Уǧţ࣡
ҶߵСݵߣͨһ֮УŶʧλãͷ֣صĵ棬ģ
˵֮ҶվȻڴ޲ֹСᱧͬʱĸԴ˻˯֮С
ʹ޷ܣ˵СˣֻķСݰ
ʵҶѾָսղȫԳֽʹɱûôΪ֪Ըսκ˶ܴţ
ڣˣô飬͸Լˣ
ȻһЦڻǻȻҲѾ棬ҶȴûһСݣһ·ߵ˶ԵߣСݷ˶ԵĻУתǻ
̫ˣʵָǰҪ̫ˣǻϳ֮ɫЩ˵ʵʵ̫ˣϧʹˣȻҲһˡ
仰˶һĺʹΪ۵ʵˣһֱľְ۵ĿУȻҪɡ
ڻ㣬ҶѪһúģ
Ҷעǻǻµ춼̣Ҫˣ
¡
Ҷµͬʱڵҹ֮ϾȻһ޴ľ֮
˳϶Ȼ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫԭһɱС٣


1668 
ԭһƬҹ֮У֪ʱȻѾۼɫƲʣƲ֮Уɫ˸ҹյ
һĻҶΪƶ۵ˣڶ׹ԭҶˣ
Ȼ뷨ĳ֣ȴ˵ɫΪ֮һ䣬˵ѿ
ڳвˣĿҶ˾ɽٵΣǴʱڣŹȥ˶õʱ䣿
ʱѣҶȻӭ٣ңǴӻ٣
ʲôٶȣһֵϱһǧ꣬ǧ꣡
̫ˣһӶ޷ӭ٣Ҷȴˣɣ˿٣
ܹ˳ɹε٣ôͽ뿪죬죡
Ȼ˵ٴܵĴЩǿǣеľѾ޷ˡ
뵽Ҷζɽǳɹʧܣ״ӻʧʱǺһ㡣
ɲ٣Ҷֱɹ٣Ҷͻ뿪죬ԲôĽںҶֵжԹϵ˵ǲġ
ǵ˴˿Ҳǳ𾪣Ȼ֪ҶҪɽ٣ȴ벻Ȼѡʱɽ١
Ҫ֪ʱɽٵΣտǼģһҪԿ٣һ棬Ҫ۵Ĺ
Ի£Ȼиֲڰ͵ϮЩֵʵһҲǿ
Ҷжĵӣַ飡
ǻɫͬҲˣȻûۼҶɽʱΣȴ˲ٵĴţټ٣
̶ֳȵ٣ʮ֮У˭
ȻҲͬһҶ£ôԼҲᱻ֮УܵԼܹܵסһ㣬ܲסĻͻᱻΪڰҶɽ٣ĻٵͻӱΪԼĳͷҲ൱Լڶɽһ
ҶκȻһǻ߲֮ʱ
¡
һִɫ֮£Ȼ磬ţһƬɵ纣˲ͽԲķΧȫû
Ȼǻı纣ɣ
һЩ۹ˣдĴͬ۹Ҳͬ纣ǡ
˲ѣ纣֮овҽһЩʵ۹ˣֵٵֱ֮Ӿͻ̣ɢ֮С
˫Ŀͣһپɵ纣ٵӴ˰
ϴҶɽ٣ȻǾ٣ֱٽٵʱγһƬ纣ԶԶڵĵ纣ģԿԿҶٵǴȷǼӴˣҼӴĻֹһ
׵磬ؼͻȻɢҪƬ˺顣
ʵҶڸոպϻʱ򣬾ѾԶɽˣǵ˽֮սǵ۹˶ڣԸǼֱõĹ֮ǿѹסʵĸ֪ٵʱ䡣
ʼգҶƵı仯ûʲô̫ĵģΪɱС
һ̣һҲ޷ѹʵͬҲѹʵԼ٣֮Ըǻ
֮Уһжҵ֮ĻޣΡӴ۹޷ٿ⣬ɽʯҷɣʼ̮
ЩûбϽȥˣ˿ȻվԶԶģǶܸܵƬ纣֮͸ǿĻ֮ΪԼҶµĵ纣ףУǿҲ޷ܡ
һĲҽӵ纣֮дһһҷ
ȻҶȴԾԭأûжκηͷ֮ϣ֮꣬ɽԼ궼Ѿһͬٵϴ
Զ֮ǻҲͬЩ磬ҶͬҶϴḶ́ȫ֣֮ǱҶϽ֮УһôûС
ǻȻʧʼղҶҲŶˣĸǻߡ
ԵҪĿҶֻҪһ纣ҲŸı䷽һۻǻθıλãʼնҶһٵϴ
Ҷúݣ
һĺдӵ纣֮Ʈǰ׼Ҽ˿¶֣ȻԾƴֿǵ䶥£ʱͽĻը𣬳
ڣЩ˸Ҷ֣ȫ޾һһǵҶעʼնڻǻϡ
ǻʦħûɱ㣬Ҿʹʦ֣󣬾͸һǰս㿹ô֮㽫


1669 
ǻһϣɲС˺ο岢УǴӱģĻ⻹󣬵޲ĳŲ̫á
Ҷͬҧ֣ģҲǰƬ纣ģٵԴȪڵ纣֮µ˶ڳ֮ʵϴ󲿷ֵȴǳȥġ
¡¡
Ƭ纣ʧ֮ЩɫĽ֮оȻٴν˵ڶֵ٣
һƬ㣬ĵ纣սһɲǣΪɽߵҶѾܵͬʱʮĹֱð嶼һҵҡΡ
һĻ纣֮˿Ŀɿڴ֮ĴľǿҲ޷סͬȻҶͬʱʮУȴûʲô£ȥ˶ûܡ
⾿ʲôǿķ
˿˿âѾҶڣҴԼѨλ֮вϽǽ嵱һһ㣬Ĳֺ
ЩâÿһνҶһ־޴ʹ࣬Ϊ޿ײ룬٣Ѫܣȫ磬ݷһˡ
뾭һ̣׵ڶϴ񡢴ӶԳĴ֮ѹ
ʼͷͬͬ˵ĺɽ֮ϣÿһ£Կ̳һ˿˿·ҲǺɽй̣ΪʥΪ֮ıؾ֮·
ҶԼҲͬ˫۽գׯϵü֮
һ귵豹棬һ¥ԭȥĽ⣬˿ĺ֮£Ϊ䴩һɫ£ȥֱһһ㡣
ͬҶ֮ʱ룬ɱأ̶ֳȵ٣Ҳ֪£һ״̬Ǳŵ֮гֵӣƴСﰺף׵ϴ
Ѿȥһ֧ʱ䣬ʼǴ˷ĲҽѾʧΪбٵ˶ޣҶǻ֮⣬λһ𣬹ͬһɫӡڽӡ֮£š
ǿӡ޼ҵʥҲҿϣ֮߶ӡʥ֮ʱס֮
ҶȴÿǣΪֻҪӲƬ纣ôӿֲὫĻҷʥҲӶˡ
ǻѾҶҧסԼԸɴҲƶȻڿţֱڣҲûȥ١
Ϊκ˶ĻôٵɾͲ̶ֳˣǽ˲䷭٣Ǹʱ򣬾ҶҲŹ
ԣΨһϣҶܹͬҶ˵һսҲùڵ档
ҶܿǻĴ㣬һЦǻǲеŲסˣǵֶѣû٣ٻ֣ϣܺһͦȥ
¡¡
ʱɫѾɫһֻ֮ɫеԪ
ͬһ㣬кµĻ磬ǻ¶˾֮ɫ٣òǻٰɣǵĻǡ

һҽڶڽӡ֮µλ޼ҼһСģһ˿УȻ˲ͻ˷ɻҡ
ǡǡһ죬ʥӡ֮ϳһѷ죡
һ̣λңʥ޷֮ˣôܿ͸ֵˡ
ۣ
ֱֱ£ҽͲԼͬĺ󳾣ҷ
Ϊֹ۹֮ҳļѾȫʣЩΪˣ˴˶һ֮һԲȫתߣ׵ԶƬԶҶԶۣ
Ϊ۲ʶѪ֮Ҳ׷ˣ
̫ע⵽ǵӰԥһ֮Ҳûȥ׷ϡ
䣡
Щ۹뿪ͬʱѾ֧ĺΰ۹ҲҲ֮λ׵ĻΪ˻ҽ
ȻҲڻݺ壬Ӵ֮󽫳Ϊ̣ҶôҲԶʧʷĳ֮У
۹ĵ£һλԻ͵Ļ
ʱ˿̣λԻ͵ˣҲڷһ˷ŭĺ֮޷ټƾ硣
ü֮УһⱩʮ
ǻȻ棬Ҫոɾ


1670 
üͷųĻ棬Ժͻǻйأֻ¶֮ߣԪܷپɴ˿ɼҲƴһֻнյҶ٣пԼ
һʧܵĻôȴĽٸΪ͵ı
һ̣ˣͬҶڶס˺û뵽ǻȻ񵽸ڻսƣ
ݣ
磬ĻɲǾͻΪУиӿ¡
ͻ棬ڴ˿̳Ϊ˻Ķ֣һҪһУһҪپһУ߻á
Ȼͬһ㣬޾£ǻǻ֧֮£ȻԽԽߣۿžҪǺɫĽƣ
˵һ̶ΪµģҶˣ֮»ɱۣǵĺ᲻롣
ȻʱһƬһ۶ߵĵ纣ӽ֮
Ӱضסˣæ˿ˣ
縲ǵʵ̫ǲ˵ĻпܻᱻӶҶ֮С
˶ƴȥӵ˰ȫ֮һȻǾδ
ħԼԴôôһƬ纣ҶֵкһҲûô̬ͦ𣿡
ħһ۵㶮ƨȻǾ٣ֻΪ۵ĵΪٺϲһңӵٿʼµľȻǻˣҲ͵Ҷ˻١
˵棬ħҲһ˿־ĸо˵ʵе㲻Ҷܹ˳ɽˡ
үүʲôǻ٣
شĲǷħǺ£˿λµľǿҲ֮ɫٵ෱࣬ʽ£Ȼ͵ҲͬһʼɫͨģҶϴ٣֮£٣ϻ֮γɡ
¶˶ٵҸǽ˰ɣҵĻԪɡΪһ˿ųΪʥ
֮ǺԪܻȻԪҪͬڿĶ
һ˿úµĻԪɡΪʥôԻγɵĴ̺
ֻͷεĸоΪѾ޷絽׻жôǿˡ
ÿ˶ʣԼ磬ܼܳأ
Ǹд𰸵⣬ھͳ纣֮Уȥúõĸһ£ܷŻǸδ֪ˡ
ţ뵽ҶǴӵֿʼ»磬ҶҲѾϰٵ˰ɣ
յɫƵĻ棬Ƭ纣ǰһСԾһ㣬֮С
䣡
ŵڻ֮ϣӲĽϨ

ǻһŭ𣬶ҲͬҶһʼҪȫˣ
ʱҶҲûȥˣΪħ˵÷ֳνµ磬Ȼϳһ£ҲòԴвͻҷ
ʱ˿̣ԲǧķΧ֮ڣÿһ˿Ŀ֮жŵâ޾Ļ磬ɵ纣Ҷǻȥ
Ҷԭ£Χܼк£ͬһ㣬޾˿Щǻ
˿ӿȫûˡ
Ҷһշ˺Ԫڻ֮£ԾɿԳܵס
ʶ֮У뵵Ļ֮Уݷһ磬δ֮ʱ磬ޱߵĿռ֮У޾Ļ磬ӿһ־֮С
ҶֹˮΪǰ󣬶һһĳŻĻ򣬱ǿ֮䣬ͬһ㣬ڣ壬ϴ
䣡
׶죬ѣ纣ݷԶоͷһ㣬Ȼڲ£
ҶɽͷɽüĶ֮꣬ܣ죬ԶԶȥǿٵصһ㣬Ȼַ
ͻȻһҶ֮ȻΣ˿е磬չ˽
һĻ̫˶̲סĴԼĶͷĵ̫ˣȻڣȻڳ⻯
˵ﵽʱ򣬾Ϳ⻯û⻯ҲһֱҶڻ顣
ǵν⣬궼Ѿﵽ˺϶ΪһĵزҲȷʱ⻯
ֻǣ첻µزµĻ첻֮⣬Բ˻ѡڶɽٵĹ̵У⻯


1671 ۽
ȻҶ죬Ǵ˿̵ȴʮΣɵСˣüαУļҪ֧飬ջͦ˹ȥ
ң˵Ҳ֣Сˣÿͦһ繥ͻᱥһ֣ԽԽҶˡ
ȻߣȡõĳɹҲͬˣʦˣΪǷߣ⻯ҲҪʱ䣬ûӵΣǿܵ̬ʼ
ڵǾͺãҴĿǰҶƺܹͦ٣Ȼȥ⡭
䣡
ͻȻը֮δ˵Ļϣŵӽ֮дܳͬһݺҶ
ŵʧǾŵ
ŴΣܹžŰʮһ磬һȫҶϣ
ɽֱӱķ˳ȥڵһŵ֮ҶڣС˺ıޣҶҲĵü֮С
ҶѾһƬſھһѪ˺ۣѪͱޣͷǴѣ˼̱˵ϡ
ڵʮһ価֮󣬳ȻδɢЩ֮⣬Ҳûˡ
Ҷһ˿ϢĻᣬſͣڴڵȻܵĿ޾磬ÿһεҲǴĵâЩâ֮ȴ̺ıԴ֮ĿǰҶ˵ֱõĲƷ
ʱÿ˵жͬһ⣬Ǿٽ
̧ͷ죬ȻѾ£ЩɫĽȴûʧȻѹѹƬɢ
أ
֪˭⣬ղ˵עҶϣڶ۵ĴڣһλҲҶһɽ١
˵ĿȻҲʼѰһȦȻû˷۵Ӱ
ѵѾڵ纣֮лҷˣ
˵ʵûλۻô׾Ŀǰ֮⣬ûĿ˰
ϾԲǧķΧѾ׵˿տһƬۿȥһĿȻв˵ĵط
ʱ̱ڵصҶüͻȻѿٴͬ覣Ө͸
ĿղűɵĺɽҲ˻֮ϣ˿˿Ԫ֡
һſŵʰ쵵Ĺ֮ͬССөһ㣬ϵķҶ
ʹԽԽ࣬ԶԶȥһϼ⽫ҶΧڹâ֮УҶܴ壬ۿɼٶȿٻָš
ѿ˿ڻϣڲӵĹͷۣϵĽѪҲһӵһ
Ƭ̵ĹҶͷţķ˿֮ϣһʣͬһ޹貶Ŀ
ɽ֮Ҳٴζһ·Դڴ֮ӡǣҸߴʮ˲֮ϣȻһ뵵֮ʣƻãһ硣
ǺɽγԼķ򣬿ʼ˴ݻ˳Ϊʥļʵһ
Ҷڲδɽı仯ĻԻǳ⣬ΪɽݻĴĵ
ͬʱ¶˷֮ɫǶɹ٣Ƽ̥ˣ
ǰɽٳɹҶҲˣ
԰ôЩƻûɢӦٻûжɣ
ȷɵ纣ѾɢЩɫȴȻڣûжɹٵҲ֪Ʋɢʹûйȥ
۵ʱҶȻ۾һԲվڿд󲽶Уֱһռͣ۾һգɳֱӽ⴦ռ鿪¶˺ɫա
ճֵ˲䣬һƺƴ͵Ҷա
Ҷ㲻ɽ΢΢һһԪ£ֱӽϨѹޡ
ҶһУһŻͱ֮и˳ǺȻ۵꣡
ǶʱȻѹҲ۵ӰӣԭȻ̬֮С
Ҳ˲òڸղ纣£׵Ϊֱɱ죬һգѰ·
Ҫ֪֮еΣղþͱҪСοֻ״̬
ʵպ֮⣬˸֪۷ǱۣǻǻѾʮʱ䣬֮ǿԶԶŸðַա
ֻϧͷȻûӹҶѾǿץ˳
ҶĿⶨڿУǻϾһ֮ͻȻڵҶͶͶֻҪ㲻ɱңԸ˳㣬Ϊ


1672 
˿̣֮žޱߣǻĴܣһŸԶĵطȥ
֮ˣ޲Ŀɿڴʵ޷ۣȻҶģԸ˳Ϊū
ֻҪҶӺ״̬ǻˣǿ󣬵ڻڣҪܵû壬ҶĶ֡
ʱ򿪿ģȷķʽȻҲ˵һǧɣΪۣȻֵزʵ˱ӡ
ʵ룬ǻĻôܻܵȥȡԭ۵壬һķԼ
˵ˣҪ
ǻĻҶû˿ı飬ƽעһɱɣ
ǻ鼱ת֪ܶ飬ܶܣֻҪ㲻ɱңҶ㡣
ҶΨһƺе㶯ˣΪȷкܶණҪ֪ǻʮУ֪϶٣ң֮п϶ĳֽƣκҪ̽еļ䣬Զ޷óѵģֻԼ˵
ͷðɣǾҿĳ⣬ղ˵ʵķǰĺ̫ˣ㣬ǰӶ˵ģǴʲôʱʼģ
⣬ʼҶʣõѪ֪ħҪϧһдƷʱ͵ˣ
û֮ǰҶԭΪһаڣĶʮ֮ˣһλƵ˶ҪӾԲѪһרѺϹ˳֮˵ĵط
˻֮ŷ֣ʵˣ
лˣͬҲвٵĺˣ̫ǣôʮ֮ˡ
ȻһλۣҲĶ壬ܺ۷ͥ񣬶۹еԵѡ
Ӷ˵ԼҶûпÿ˶ĺúõģû˭Ϊ˶Щԭס񶼲⡣
ľҶʶˣЩҲƲʳķһһʴ˵Ͳ˵ע⣬Ҳ֪ʲôķȻܹûƵ鶼޲
ҶȻʮּǻϾȻ¶һ˿η壬ķη壬Ƭ֮ҡҡͷҲ֪
һЦҶ̧־ǻȥҲûκλȥˣ
ȵȣǻһ¶׺֮ɫ˵ҶҪ˵֪𰸣Ҳ㻹ܻľõ㣬һ֪Զˡ
ʼվԵǻٷϻϽ˵
ã˵ֻһ˿
˵
ǻԥһ֮ʶķʽҶԺ
ֻ˵֪ģǾںܾúܾǰʱѾ޷֤ˣ֮ھ֮ڵһΪǿһⶼվ߷壬߸ϣǱΪ񣡡
죡
Ҷӹ֣Щǿ󱻳ΪӦþΪصĵھеġ
ǣЩǿȻһ£ǾȻѾվ۷壬ȴȻ޷޷򡭡
Ҷüͷһ壬ǻĻ򣿡
ֻ֪˵ӦǺͿռ䷨ʱ䷨ƵĴܻĳַ֮Ͼڶ࣬˭Ҳȫ֪
ҶͷԼ뵽ʲôȴ޷ȫץסֻʱ鵽һߣ˵
Щǿ﷢Ȼһ޷ʱȻͿʼ취ıִʼ׷֮
Щ˸Ǿž֮Ƿһͨʱ򣬼κⶼ޷赲ǣһΣ̽Ƿ֣ʧˣǴ˵翵·֮⣬ǸҲ޷ҵķ
ǷһȡɵģӳԼķͨӶ˵ӳԼ
ȻⲢܺùûа취ǣǾͿʼǸԵͨ;ΪԼ٣򵥵˵Ϊ٣Ǳ˴˼ǸͨҲ棬ѡĿ֮꣬µ飡
ĸ֣Ҷٴһ뵽۹ص֮Ĺϵ񲻾ǱŻԭ̲סٴδϵЩ;
ǻҶһ۵տʼʱ;кܶ࣬еֱɱÿγֶǳǧţеǱȽºͣһȡǺֱ֣ɱĻٵЧǳǽַͱΪòʧ
ܹ֮֮̽ʣ;


1673 Ĵ
ǻڼʵ˵;ҲǴͬС죬޷ǾչԻͨ飬ĸԸ׳ԼΨһĲͬһ˲£Ϊ֮һֱ
ҶȻ֪Լ¶ˣ
ƿˣƿؾˣ񣬶ۣȻһھĿܣǶʼղӸ棬Գһ
֪˴𰸣ҶһķͿɬ𾴵ķߣȻһִڣ
ҲٴԼ뿪֮ʱдǸصԼеηȻǸӦþڸ߸ϵ죡
Ű磬ȻܹԼԻǵʵ֮ߣȷ޷ˡ
ʦҪ֪ŷķ࣬Ƕ˵½һĴ
޾ģ׷ĹչֳͬҲ޷ġ
Ȼÿ˵ͬһ⣬鷢һ׷Ǿлˮµʱǵᷢ췭ظı仯
ͬȺһǵ۷壬ǵǷ޷ʵֵʱǵ뷨ͱˣԲŻῪʼӶ˵ʼΪԼϧһд۵Ļȥ
ڴ֮ǰҶҲǾһʮ֮ˣһ֮ˣ
Ҷص̾˿
Ȼǻȴŵ֮Ⱥ֮ķѣվٵķΪͨӶ˵ΪԼ٣ּΪ̵ΪӦô
ֿˣʱͱЦΪ˵֮µϣɱǣûκεĲ̡
˼ΪǾ͵Ⱥ֮˷磬ȻǸ˴һ׷뿪ˣֻȻ޳ȴҲһȺˣԣֻԼķȥɻˣȥһֹ
ҶͻȻԲˣ˿׷ʵʲô
ƽȣ
ĸ֣ҶĳһеǿĴʯͷɲǼɢ
ƽȣ
ôϤĸ֣ΪǹѭһֹҲڲȥֹ֤
ķ
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ˺ܶ࣬Ҳ뵽˺ֻܶ࣬ǧͷȴ־ʲôû뵽ֻһ䣺Ǹƽȵˣʲô
ǻԥһ֮󣬴ӿ³һ֣֣ҶͻȻҪӯĸо
Ϊ֣ǰʱǾţ
ѹҪҪΪϴԣռݰ壬ͬǻռһ
Ϊ̳ķĴУǵ֮ʥӣ
ҶΪеˣΪŷķ𣬲ҲΪеģΪǻĻǸ޷ͬ񿹺⣬Ųòѡ뿪Ҳȡķɻֹǿߡ
ôĴҲƱǺܶ˲Ը⿴ģҪĨɱ
պ֮·ӵļѣ
Ҷ˿ƽԼʵһȺǿߣǵģ
ʱ򣬽ҪǩһԼҪԼ֮ǾķչܻЩ߸ϵǣѾҪ鷳ķʽˣҲѪѱ֮Ǹı˷ʽҶ벻ǵķʽ
ǻϵЦݾȻԵùǿԿ٣ΪԼȻһΣգ޷ȹ٣ôԼͲֻҪ˳ɹ٣ôԼԶҪʱǩԼ˵ڲ֪֮ɵǵڣΪԣѾھǣҶڣʵ϶ѾǩԼ
ڣҶ˴󲿷йؾ࣬ǣȴסˣȫȫı嵽ˡ
ٵ˵ҶҲĿãΪ˽ģȻ߸ϵ񣬾ȻԿ٣Ƕɽٵʱͻ᲻֪ĺǩ¹Լ
ǻ˵ҶԼԲ뵽¾˳ҲδܹƲ𰸡
˳˴˿ɻעҶǶ֪Ҷǻ϶ʶ̸ţû˸ҹȥǡ
ǣѵҶûпǻչ¶һ˿Цûпǻǵ˸ĺâ
Сģ
¡
Ҷһͬʱ
ʱ˿̣֮ϣѹѹĽ֮ϣȻһɫľ޴ȨȣžɱԼ鶼鲻Խڵصϣ
֮ϣ


1674 ſ
ɫȨȴžɱֱҶȥͬʱǻ˸ĺâҲѾƽҶ
ʵǻթڵȴڵһᣬԽҶһٻɱĻᣬϧ˵һЩԲ˵ܡ
Ϊһʧ˵ȫģȻﵽĿģҶ˾޴𾪵У˵ҲݼŵĻᣬȻ
ҶȻѾлعȴ֮ȥ赲ǻôͿܱɫȨȸУȥܽɫȨȣͿܱǻɱ
ǴϵĽɫȨȣǻǻĻɱ߰ĸ¶ܹҶ
ҶһҧѡǾ赲ǻ
ΪɫȨΪ٣ǻһڱصõȫһҶɳ٣ҲǻԼ
һͷҶ˲Ϣ֮ɵģ׼ֻǻʱ򣬺ȻǸɫȨµٶȶȻӿ죬Ȼ֮ǹѹҲˮǴߣҶжһҪĤݵĳ嶯
˳ҶĶҲȨȵѹ֮£üѶΨһеҵľǣǻĶͬ
ңǻͻȻֳһ־֮ɫҶȼŻ궼Ϊɾ׵ı˻Ұ֮ɫ
䣡
ɫȨκ޷赲
һҫ۵Ľ𣬴̼˶ò۾ԴĹڵϣͬԴɳеһ
ⲢǵԸڽɫȨǲַϣƵǲòˣ
˿ǵ˵ģµȵâɢȵԼ۾֮Ҷͻʧ
ȣа֮òŽȥ˳۾
ȻâȻֱ̼û˹˵Щ¾ϹˣҲҪҶôˣ
˵ϣҶȻû£ֻǴԭվ״̬˵ϥأһֻգ˫ֳڿУҵĲţ
ڱסĻǻѾȫʧ֪ǻڽɫȨ֮£ˡ
Ҷ
Ӱص̾ҪȥҶȻҶȴͻȻһ
һʱ˵ȫͣס
Ҷͬ뿪ˮһڴڵĴѾˮʪ͸ҧҪվʱȴԼǲ˼µ壬޷򵥵Ķ
û֪ղʲôֻԼף
ղţǱĴϺ;ɱĽɫȨȣҶԻǻ
ͷųɫȨȵĲǱˣڸ߸ϵЩ
ǻΪй¶ܣԱʵʩ˳ͷ
ɫȨ֮£ǻֱɢû˿ķ֮ӦҶǰ˵Ļʹ˴
ҶͬܵϣĸоԼģԽɫȨ֮ʱη壬̲סҪһ£Ĥݡ
ȻҶӲĶסԼ뷨ֻǵϥ£ǣֳֿ嶯ĺեڵÿһ˿
ܽɫȨ֮ѾʧǴ˿ҶȻͬȵĴһ䣬ȫ޷ƽ
֮ϣַ
̫ˣ

ʱȻ֮ϴһɷ磬ͬһȻƲ󣬵ȴ׵ľͽѹѹĽȫɢ
һĻйҶ˵϶¶˷ܵЦݣɢʹҶѾ˳ȥ
۹Ҳҳ֮ززҲˣҲ˳ɹеƺѾһжźõķչȻֵ˷ˡ
Ȼ˳Ȼɻ󣬾ΪʲôɢĻôǱɫȨ֮ɢҲ˲˼Щˡ
۾ͷųĺѾҪѹƲסڵ˿Դ֮ˣȻʱ֮ϣҲǽɢĵطȻһƬɫĴ·
˳̲סһԼԴôôҪˡ
оٵ˶֪ٽ֮ǰһžͻ򿪣룡
ȻɫĴ·۳һȽɫĴţŶڽ䣬ǧ쳹ʣޱȵƽꡣ
ҶĴţ֮󣬾ͻ졣
˳ĽĿ֮УҶվ˳ˣһԼΪ΢Ҫǰˣ̵


1675 лĻ
˳֮⣬˶Ҷ仰ȫе𾪣ѵ˵ҶȻҪһ죿
ҲҶǺ⣬ʵδ֮ǿн죬Щ˵ûκεĺôǴ֮ѹͲܹܵģ
һ̣˵жһ˿ãҶȻҲûʱͣ״̬ܲãȻڴڴڵĴŴҲҡҡλΣʱܵһ
ҶҲ˸ее⣬Ϊһ˵ɹ٣徭ϴ൱̥ǣܵƶȬȫµ̬һ죬ǣҶȴȫ෴
ʵЩ˵ɻҶܽǾٸûж꣡
ֻЩ߸ϵԤӲǽƴɢھǿ١
Ҷ֪ôĿĺڣ˵ԼΪѪĴߣӦñֱĨɱģǷǵûôǰаԼ
ҶҲȥЩˣΪܹ֪Ҳûκεİ취ͬǿ⣬ĿǰֻܰԼļƻȥ
һգҶԼܹվͬһλãҲΪǸ߸ϵ񣬵ʱһȻס
Ҷٻѣǣǵһʱ˹ȥʮҲѵѪȻҶģǾͱ뵽ˡ
˳һҧѩ裬磬ȥȥ
޶˶һۣȻ˺¡
ʱҲûƽ࣬Ȼȡ˻Ԫɡֱӵݵ˷޶˵ǰ۾Ԫɡһһȥɣ£ҶǾβѩһĵ
Ȼ֧ǸҶģ
ƴǲ£޶ֻܺӹ˻Ԫɡ˫˫˺µǰߵ֮վҶ
˳ʼæŶʦ˰ѪδķչѾ׼ֻҪɡ
ߵ˶ԵߣֱȻ˯Ϲ۵СݣȻŶԺʮһҲתҶȥ
ţǳݺǬҲҶǬߵһȻǬûиæתǬС㲻𣿡
ǬЦҡҡͷСӣ̫ˣʦֻȥɣҵķһ𣬺úչʦڻ죬ؽԴ壡
ǬǬ֮ҲЦŵͷãһ
ӰؿվԼߣһԾԾԵİͽҹȥȥ
ҹ۾ʱһȴȻҡҡͷʦ
һҪ㣿Ȼô˵۵ȴ¶οЦݣҹԴʦһֱչ㣬ʵܿ죬ĥ̫٣ҶߣúĥһҲ֮ʦҲȥˡ
ģ
ҹ۾ٴһѱסۣҡĸ첲ʦɲ׼ƭҰ˵ˣ
ŰͽһҶȥıӰЦҡҡͷȴһ˿ɬԼĴ޾ͿҪˣôܻܸأ
ֻҹ뿪ܺùʱ
̫ϹϹ飬㲻ȥ𣿡
Ϲ촽Ƭ̺ҡҡͷҿ϶ȥڣгһգһԼǰ
̫Ϲ̫˽ˣ֪ĳ˰ȻҶѣȴʼҲҶΪĿڷ׷š
Ҷ֮ĲȴԽԽ˵ʵֲСĴδַֻʽҶߣҪƾԼŬȥ׷ҶԣεĻᡣ
ȻϹ鲻Ըȥ̫ȻҲǿͬе㶯ĵħڿϹ̬֮ԥһ£Ҳѡ˷
տ裬ҲؼҰɣ
ݸһЦתڶŮСĽ˼֮󣬱ȻĸյҶ
һֱڰԼֳ·ȻҲΪģȻͬģȴǳǣռľܾõ
ͬѡĻ¥£
ǲҶǵĸڻ죬ǵˣ޷һУҶǰ졣
ҶϵĴŴԼߵˣûڽ˭Ҳûھܾ˭
ͬ˵Ƿÿ˶ܻҵԼĻԵ
һ̿ʼǸѡʼʵͶÿ˵ĻԵˣȥ벻ȥǻԵ
£ǿ
ȵû߶ʱҶԼߵ˶Եߣȷް֮СĶ䣬ȻһһĴۣʦ̫˵߾
ÿ˵ߣ˵仰Ҳ˵ĸ
ҶվڿУܣˣļң¥ħ壬ţ죬ԼѪһ
һ֮Ҷתߵ˳˵ߣɽڣҶͷһȽɫţ
ˣͿһɫıӰżᶨĲʧ˽ɫ֮С
Ҷλ棬ڻлĻδҲ죬֮ڣٴοһµĴ棡


1676 Ư
죡
Ҷ
ûУ
ѹûУ
û˻뵽ھȻһƬ޾ĺڰ֮У
ȴ򿪵ĽɫţͲͨ죬ǽƬա
ƬΣķ粻ϣ֮УѾСƯʱ䡣
Ҷ֪һУ϶Щ߸ϵݵġ
Ҳڱǲܵ£ôܹţҶȴ֪ЩȻٶܲٿأܹԼǰ٣ôҪıͨĵطʵǼ򵥵ˣ
ֻǣ֪ЩΪʲôҪô
ǵʵǱɫȨʱȫͬԼһ׾ٵĻģǲûô
ǰԼɢ˽ƣ٣ִţֻǣԼ޾ĺڰ֮У
뵽Щ߸ϵǱϵĽɫȨµʱ֮󣬵ڶֿ־ĸо
ڣҶȴûֿ־壬ֻзŭ
ǲΪǻ̫ƾãǾǳģҪҵ˼ʱ䣬÷ԼĴڣԾͽԼһԼһ壬ͬè׽һԼŪڹ֮䣿
ȵ֮ɱԼ
Ҫǰɣҷ㵽ףҶҧݵţҪ취뿪Ƭգ
ʱҶʲôûԼƬ֮沨
ǷϣʵûһҪָһ
ңÿԳʱ仹ҪúõһԼ˼滮һԼжϵδ
˵ʵӻ뿪ʼΪִ̫٣Ҷкܶ黹ûüȥʱ䶼ûС
ҲţûԼʦٻӦòٳʲôˡ
ҶɽսڣʮˣҶ׵ֵܺѣɲúɽðһ˿ա
ȻҲûнڵںɽеˣΪ˵Ҳǰ˵ĻôպҲṩ֮У˳Ҳ벻취
ˣ
һͬһҶղһȵʹȴ߶ûһֻԼգĵҵֱǿˣսʱͽʬˣͬ磬޷ҵ壬Ҳһ°ɣ
ȷʱ䣬ƬΣգʱܱ֮ƯοսʱҶȫ״̬֪֪ٴκˡ
еñʧȻ֪ںδʧǾͬ˵ֻ֮£ʵԾ˵ٶȸıţѾܹӦĴ

Ҷӿг³һһԼ壬ڵڻָ˳״̬һ·ϰѾϵʯƮš
ھ룬뿪Ƭհɣ
ҶͻȻ֣ȭֱһܵһƬڰ
䡱һ죬þȫһƣȻδմ򴩣ȴ΢΢һ
ôǿӲԿ϶Ӧòڻգѵ˵գֻҪܹƬգҾܹ뵽ˣ
޴ڣͬҲǿ֣֮ͬӦŲͬա
ȻǻգôҶĿǰʵ׾ٵľܽʵҶոսʱȻûԾɳһ£Ǹ޷˿ͷˣĵĵȵڡ
ʵ֤ﲢǻգȻҲǸգҶãԼĻԲԼô졣
ƬգĻҶֱӾͻᱻ֮ѹѹǿ
ٴҶȡ۽ѾУû긫Ӧѡ񣬲۹ʱ򣬻긫ֻ
Ҷ߾۽ȫһɫڽ֮׼ݺһ⴦ڰյʱ˺Ȼͬһ˫ֱĶǰ
յݷԶĵطȻһƬ⣡
ȻӦǺԶľ룬Ƭ⿴ȴĶĿã
֮Уε磬кɫףҲһЩɫĺͺɫ𣬵ҶûмɫοôһƬĽ⣡
οƬ֮УƺĶҶһٻҶع֮̾ͷеĽƬ⴫ĵط˹ȥҪǽ⵽ʲô


1677 еӰ
ھؼգķʱҶ˺۵Ƭҫ۵Ľ֮
һ̣Ҷסˣ
ΪƬȻһ޴Ĺ
ǵģһٳƽĴĹ
Ĺûƽ޽һ㣬Ӳӣǰһߴ׵ľ޴ĹĹ֮һԲεľ޴ذ˵ǷذԿװһ
һƬ޾ĺڰ֮УȻһĹȻǾֹģڻƯû˻š
ⲢҶ𾪵ԭľģĹ
Ĺ֮ϾȻǵһЩ߲ĺɫѪ޷ز֪Ƭ֮Ʈ˶õʱ䣬ǣЩѪȻɺĴĿмѪȻԼΪٶʣ
ݷЩѪǸոȥûжһ
֮⣬ЩѪеÿһΣɢһɾ˵ɱɱ壬ҶԭͲ壬ӵľһͷðͬһû˿¶ȡ
Ȼ֪ЩѪǴ˭ģҶԿ϶ԲǸոġ
ΪΣķգŵԽһзָ׿ԽһкƬսʱҶ屻ѣѪȴ˿Ѿɡ
ЩѪǸոĻôҲͬӲĴϮȴ׵һУǾֻ˵ЩѪһ̣һֱڣʼձ״̬
ȻЩѪˣԶǿߣ
ΪǵѪ˲֪ƾõ£ȻȻŻǿѪǾɱ⣡
ѵѪ
ЩѪĲ²⣬ûгãΪĿ䵽Ĺ֮ϣѪǵһ϶µʺ·鲻ԽĿʼӾҵĲ
Ϊʺ·ȻǶ˵ΪϤѪ֮ƣ
ֻǺܿϧȻ֪ЩѪ֮гһ֣ȴʶЩ֣ȻҲ޷֪Ĺ֮еص˭
Կ϶ȻĹϵѪ֮ƣôĹеֻпˣһ־Ѫһŵˣһ֣Ѫˣ
˭ҶȻǧ˿Ƶϵ
ʱ޴ĽĹѾҶǰƮҶҲعæһҪĹ
ȻҶȥͬʱĹ֮ԾȻֳһӰߴ䣬һѪ֮Уֻ࣬һ˫Ѫ۾⣬ֱֱĴҶϡ
ҶӰʱѾһҪ㿪⣬Ǻܿͷ֣ȥȻֻĿ⣬ȴͬһԼǰ·Լ·ӡ
䣡
Ҷֱӱײ˳ȥ
ǲ
嵹ɳȥͬʱҶҲԼڹͷѵ֪ɷ֮Ƕôľ޴ǿȻ޷ֿ
òסΣҶӲŹѵʹ׼ͬǸӰúý̸һµʱȴȻӰѾתȥѪ֮дˡॡһƺ֮
ϸһӰ˫˫֮ϾȻĲĵģĳ
ͻȻ޴ķĹȻӿƶٶȣͬһ㣬ǰδ֪ĺڰ
ȵȣ
Ҷطһҧ޷سȥǣһɲǣһһ޷ؾȻǰʧˣ
ǵģʧˣû˿ףû˿Ĳôͻأʧ٣
س֣ʧûһһεĺۼ
ΪԼǻѵĹͷҶҪ̲סԼǲһΣǳ˻þ
ݺݵһҧҶԼѹߵ޷ʧĵطϵһһϣܹҵһЩ˿
ĽȻʲôûҵ
֪Ϊʲô޷صʧҶʮֵʧ䣬мΪҪһԼԺ¶ûټĿˡ
ǵ˭ĹѪһţѪˣΪʲôҪĹ֮УЩѪ˭ģǸӰǻ˻ˣôᱻȥ˺ηԺܼ𣿡
ҶԼ壬ܲϴϮԼ֮ƯвϵĻһ⡣
ΨһеοģĹϵЩѪ֮ȫܹһ˿
ȥҶָҲٵ飬ŬĽ޷ص׵ԺиҪҪȥ뿪
һεľ۽þȫҶݺݵƬա
䣡
һľ촫һĿĹâҶ֪Լɹˣ


1678 ս
𣡡
Ҷһ֮ϣգһ˿˿Ʈ
þȫ֮ҶĿһ֮ܵ󣬾˶ڣ˲ĹѣѾһƬεĺˮ֮УȻĲ²ȷģӦþ졣
˿̵Ŵƣ壬û취ھնڵʱвĶȫһɲ֪ðǿ״ݻ٣۽Ҳ⡣
Ҳģߵ֮УǲĶᱻݻ٣ӦǳڴԽŵʱû뵽ֵҶȻᷢڴԽյС
ҿȽеĶ˺ɽ֮УҺɽҲɹĵֿסԣʧȥֻһ·һ۽ѡ
ˮУҶȸһĻҪŨǿ֮дŵһ޵ֱ֮ͬһ㣬ֻϧЩƺܱա
ڴ֮ѹȫܲϾҶѭ;죬ڻʱ͵õ˳ɹϴԲܴӰ졣
ܵ˵ͻ˶˵Ũ˵֮⣬ûʲôͬˡ
Ҷûĺִһ·˺̲֮ϡ
ȻеĹĹԽ࣬ҲԽ࣬ЦҡҡͷУȥˣȥҾҪ߻ħˣԵպȻټȰ°ɣ
ҶʵĵҲСɣ¶Ĳ֮ƽȻͽĹʱ¡
Ҷչһ壬ȥɽ֮ѯһԼŵλõʱͻȻдһ˿ף붼룬ֱӻһâʡ
䡱һһĿİ׹ýղ֣Ϣ֮УȻ͹ѿĳ˺ס
ҶڵȻûʩչռ˲ƣٶҲһ˿Աģ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ֮ңȻҲӹһ١
⵹ΪݺݵһǾӣѾǻˣǸһ죬ԼŻ۵ʵ죬Ҳֻһͼʿвпܶ
ʱҲڿԶһȺ޴Ĵֻڻ๥ղǵ׹һĺڴĶӦĳ
ȺֻʮϣֻɫһֺɫԼʮңһְɫֻвʮҡ
ȻͬϾܿɫһռԵƣҺڴ֮лղŵְ׹⣬ÿһ׹֣ͻһҰ״ûȻϵҲȫ
ҶĿڿǵ׹һְɫ壬̻һЩԼδ·
˵ʵִսǸɫ壬ҶǵһμټȫϤ죬Ҳ£ǻֻȫϢ̹ߡ
սϵƣð״٣ڻʣ²ʮҵʱҰ״֮ϣͻȻһһµŮӣնվ´ƮƮͬŮٳһ㣬ֻϧ毺õ֮ϴ˿̲˷ŭ֮ɫ
ģǲҪ̫Ƭ򱾾УԴ룬Ҵɱ䣬ѵ֮ս𣿡
սʱֹͣĺڴ֮Ҳһӣһ£òӢϲаЦмϢ
𾪵ģкȻһɫľ޴Ҫߣڼϣɢֲɱ
ʼ¶ŵľȵشС㣬ѵﲻǹŶŪˣʵڱǸΪ˱ʾǸ⣬ɳֿСǰͣ͹⡣
ޣΪصŮһڵɣװɵ㣬Ǻܿˣбͱߡ
ƺ˵ʲôǺȻƬ̺󣬹һЦȻС㲻͹⣬ֻܸˡ
˵֮ɾȻ˻ص˺ڴ֮УкڴҲʼٳ롣
վڿУڴԶȥ֮ҲæתΣصϣа״һѸȥܿҲʧˡ
ҶʱڳһȻⳡսĪô˽⵽ԼҺҵĺ֮Уû׼վ֪Լںδˡ
ȻʱҶͻȻйԼ
Ҷ۶ķ͸Լ֮ˣȻǸղŵλɣ
ɵٶȼ죬ӢȻаЦԼҶԺСӣҲǺų㴫𣬴Һ£ôѵûᱻҷ𣿡


1679 ɫ
Ѿͷ뿪ɣȻ͵͵ԼҶеȻ׶ԷղžͷԼ뿪ȻƻԼ
ɢһϢɣҶûκεĺøУټԼǳ죬ǲ£׼뿪ġ
ǣɴеǷȴǶʱı⡣
Ĵˣ
ݹ۾죬ҲԳ˺ܶ࣬Ҷ֮ȴֻһ˵֮ǾԼʦС
˵ߣǰ޹ˣŲߣǶı˳ĿǰûκεĿɱԡ
ˣҶ㴫˵ʱбһòôɣľǵõԼʦִе˰ɣ
Ȼ˵ڷ˽翪ţǲھͽܡ
ڶԼλʦֵĳݣҶãԼ㴫ˡûпҲڶǰ㵽飡
ȻˣҶȻˣվԭأƽĵȴλɡ
ղҺ֮ĺսҶɲֻڿ֣ڷЩǵʵӶжϳԼĿǰľڴʲô׶Ρ
óĽ۾ǣԼƾǿѾһ꣬Լɽİʵٿ֮
Ȼ޿֣㹻ˡ
Ƭ֮䣬Ѿ嵽ҶǰԾɿǱηĺɫҶȻûߣ΢ЦվԭأȻеԾ
ܿ˿ԾͱаЦȡɵ˵ͷе㵨ʶò裬ʲôΪʲôղŲȥǼҵĴС㣬ǲʲôı
ҶеֶԷΪʲôҪԸԼڶʱˣԭǵԼƺǡ
ҶƽĵˣҽҶ֮ˣֻ·˵أ÷ڴս˶ѡ
᣿ϵаЦˣҺ򣬻Ҷ룬Ҳ˸ҡ⡯·Ȼ㲻˵ʵҾͽץȥеǰ취㿪ڣ
䣬ѾеĺɫҶݺݵ˹
ɫһľ޴κڹ⣬â֮ҶԿԸоΧĿɲǼ
ռ䷨򣿡
Ҷ̧̧üëһξȣֿصĸоǳϤǿռ䷨֮ġ
ֻû뵽ԷĻȻܹ֮ͨ
ʱҶ֮ģҪ֪ڷ֮գʵľϵ
ʹӰЩվڻ۷ǿߣǾͶû֮Ȼǰȴɴ˿ʵǿʵ̫ࡣ
ȻҶ֮ͬ˲Ƶɵ󣬲һȭصĺȥʱҶ¶˿Цõ顣
ɾȻͱԼһȭֱӷ˳ȥȻûʲôˣȴҶһ£Ǿܹ÷֮ĲɣеǱɫ
ԼҲסˣΪ֮ó㣬ս֮ϣǽսȴеŸ޼ɵ
ȻҶսʵȻôǿ
һŭ֮ٴҶ˹
ҲɵʵҲϧҶƱ̬ļһ۽ս»ǻֻּƴĴ򷨣һƢûС
ģһ̫ˣ治ȥ̫Կˣҧгݵİ
ʵ֪ҶʵǿȫӦԣԲŻ᲻ӷý˻֣Ȼǵս͹ˣ
ٴαҶһ߷ɳȥǧԶ֮ɼѵ¶Ц֮ɫҶģˣɲҺˣ
ʵҶͿˣڱߴˣԼҲνɴཫƾͼƣ뿪Һ򣬿ʲôơ
ɻ£һ˿ŮȻ𣺡ɣ˵ٴˣûȥ£Ǹʱ䲻ڳͷ˰ɣ
Թĵ㣬Ҷ˴ˣ㻹˵Ͻұ𣡡
ڣһĸŮ˴֮˳ͬһһ׺ɫĽ£ǰ͹µȫĳ˳
ڷڼͷ༫ֻЩɢһּΪǿһ˿¶ֱƫƫǳǳУΪƽ˼ġ
ͬʱӰϢĳҶܣΧ
ŮˣǴͷɥģʱһɨգݺݵĵҶ͵ɣ


1680 ֮Ѫ
ҶעҲеŮ˵ϣȻӦɵĴ㣬ҼȻɶôģʵȻҲǲСˡ
ŮҶ´һۣҡҡͷӦĲҵˣ˭ȻҴҺ͵ǵжˣȰ㣬ԹԸһȥǵˣȻὫˡ
֮ȻŹȴʽģȻλҴ㣬ڶ˷ʩ
ҶֻԹˣʼ˼һ¡
ҴС㿪ڣҶߵǼѾ̲סȵСǲʶ̧٣ҸС㶯֣Сӣұ֤㲻ڴС³Źʮغϡ
ǣ˵Һˣ죬˭֪ҽĺѩĴǾ֮Ѫˣ
˼Ҷû˵ĺѩ֣֮Ѫĸ֣ȴ𺳵
ѵ˵ҵϣǸ߸ϵЩеһ
֮Ѫֻжǿ
ĺѩȻνҶ˴ĴָǺȻָһָµʮغ֮ڣֻҪܴӮң㴦ã
ôĻҶѾܾûˣȻĺѩžԵģȻ˵ֳŵ
ⷴҶڵսڸߴʤ
ڵ˵ҪľǿĶϵĳԽֻ̤ĳɳ
뵽Ҷ¶һ˿ԸЦݣʮغ𣿺ðɣҾԿ
ҶĻشɶʱһЦСӣ˵ʮغϣƾǵʵҿغ϶Ųס
ҶɨһۣԼҪҪղʵԼԸҲֻһɵأ
ĺѩͷȻܵʮͷۣȻ㿪ˣҾ;ɣȡ
ҶȻֱ󣬿ĺѩɣŮˣҲ۸㣬ֻҪʮغ֮ڣƵһֵĻˣͬ㴦ã
ͬĺѩڵˣ˿̲ȫסˣ
ھȻ˸ĺѩ
Ҫ֪ĺѩѵ֮Ѫͬ˵Ѹ𣬳Ϊҫ۵һǣΪҲǲϧһдۣĺѩᣬǾٴﵽ֮ѷɫЩӣŮǡ
Ǿǰһ˼ľ޴֮ڣĺѩ֮ᣬܵ˹עģȻҲǲ֪׷Ķ
ǽ죬֪ðĽҶСӣȻȫûоͽĺѩҪڲֵº򶷣⾿ǿ񣬻ɵ
ڣ̲סˣŵ㣬˭ɣ
ǰС㣬ϣԲˡ
̫ſˣС㣬ɴˣǸ缸ʰɣ
ĺѩڣҶȻתΧǼϺǳˣĵҺǵ˵ʲôʱֵǲˣĻܷ
ˣ
һ׳ͲסֱӾͳҶ˫ŲڿУ·ĺˮǷڷ
飡
ȶԷԼ壬Ҷһȭӳͽ׳ݺݻɣصˤ䵽˺ˮ֮Уûٸ
һ˶ʱǿ֪׳ʵģҲ˲УƤзսĹǼΪǿȻȻԷһȭûн
ʱĺѩҶ˹¶һ˿ǳЦе˼
˵ͬʱĺѩ̧֣紵һ縳Ȼһ̣Ҷǰһֻ־ȻԼǰٶ֮죬֮ǿĦȼǡ
СĴ֣
Ըֻõİ취ָ񵲣Ҷǰ˵񻰣Ȼᶯ֣Ȼ죬һƣ
ˣ
Ȼ۳Σһâ¶˳ȥ
˺ɣ̴ĺѩֻ֡
ƾһĺѩɫͱܹˣʵԲ͵ȥ
Ƴأĺѩ˫־ڿпһӣɸߴʮ׵쫷֣ڷлۣɢһһңһҶȻϮȥ
쫷˫ɱ
ҶƺסˣվﾹȻһӰ˵ע֮£쫷׵˺Ƭɢ˷С
ɵɴ۾ŵ֮ɫ⣬ˣ
ԣˣ
شĺȻҶͬʱתͷҶȻվĺѩ弸ϣкһͬ͸һѪɫذף׼ĺѩĲӣֻҪǰһ˿ذ׾Ի׵Ĳȥ


1681 ڰ
סĺѩӵȻʦƵѪҶѪ٣۽ҲڴԽյʱ򱻴ݻ٣˺ɽ֮⣬ΨһܶõľֻʣѪˡ
ڿУƾԱǧԣҲʧΪһɱﵡ
˶סˣԼ۾ģǵĴС㣬Ȼغ֮ھͱҶˣ
ĺѩ˿̵ҲΪͻȻıʶýӲޱȣҶǴŵϢζһ̷ֲǺߣô󣬻ûκܹԼôҲȫ֪ηӦ
С㣬Ƿˣ
ʱҶǴһ˿٩ȴǽѹһ˿ҵĺΣ֮ϱ㱬һɿֲϢ
û꣡
һȣһڰĹâǰ˵֮г𣬳һɫս֮⣬ĹâǻźڰϢУҶ
Ҷһݣǿܹĸоĵڵĺѩղ˵ģϣپǿһ
ĺɫâҶҲд󣬽¼ˣ˺ĺѩ֮ľ롣
ʱ˷ܵĻȭͷ֮ѪҺڰ
Ҳһɨղŵ𾪣ȫ˫۳Ѫ鼤СӣսŸոտʼγˣû˾ȵˣ
Ҷ֮ĺѩٿȻתŽϺõѾûǰ飬ȡ֮һ֮мӰصĸо
ڰ񣡡ҶĬ֣ӣЩ߸ϵҲвͬ໮֣ڣ˽ԱȻĶࡣ
䣡
Ҷκ˼ʱ䣬ĺѩοһǰ޳Ĵȸ߸̧ɨȥ
ˣ
Ȼģһ֣֮һ֮Ȼ˿ռ䡣
Ҷٴκо˸ĺѩڱ˺ڰ֮󣬲ٶȣȸʶõ˼ߡ
ʵҶ֪ĺѩǿҲŲΪ֪Ŀռ˲֮Žܹĺѩߡ
ԭΪսԽû뵽ĸӵļңҶЩգԼд˵֣ʵĺѩֵ£ԷܷԼƶռ䣬Լû׼
Ҳ֪ǲҶѻ뷨뷨ոðʱĺѩϵĺڹͻȻǣ̼׵ķΧýҶ˹â֮£סⷽռ䡣
ҶЦѣʲôʲô
ҶȻģԼǿ϶ͻ䣬׵ķΧֻҪԼСһ㣬ٶٿһ㣬Ӧܹ֧Źʣµغϡ
ⷽԲ֮ڼֱ֮ͬΣյĿҵشХ˺գĺѩÿһιǳ˻ݷһرһ㣬ƻˣ
˸޷ǵĶֻܿӰ棬ϵĸıλá
ȻִսǾĶǣжҶȴǸɻʲôʱھȻһλǿߣ
ܹ;֮ѪĺѩĲ£

ֱڣҶĻûлֻ֣ڶܡ
仰˵ܱĺѩҪǿϾĺѩѾ
ۿʣһغϵʱĺѩͻȻͣ˿Уһ˿֮ɫҶʼղ֣о۸㣬Ҳգôȥ˵л
ⷬΪʵﶼǸһĺѩûаһغҶ֣Ļⳡսˣ
ˣѡʱ֣ͣҸ˹ûʵɣ
Ҷһغϳ֣Ҷˣ֣ͣûʮغϣĺѩҲû䡣
ҶЦˣڽʼձ˫ַŵǰһµȻˣղŵĶԼգС㣬ûеٸҶһΣΣһỹ֣ʮغ֮ڣܽܣ䣬Ծ㴦ã
ǸղҶ˵Ļɵ˾ԻٴδЦȴı͡
ûֵ£Ҷ˾ŸغϣƵĺѩòü棬ҪˣĽ˭Ҳұ֤
ĺѩĶҶƺ뽫˿͸ûۣƬ֮ĳ־һһЦãҾ͸ٶһΣˣҲ㴦ãֻΣ϶ڵģ
£ĺѩϵĺɫâȻٴαǣֱʣͬΪһĺɫ磬ȻҲ˵Ҳٴη˱仯
ȸղǿ˲٣ӮҲ붯ȫˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ֮϶ȻųһȼŵѪɫ棡
ϣɫĺѩǼľ㣬Ҳ֮Ѫ


1682 ڰǬ
ĺѩĻȻҶסˣһʱ侹ȻûзӦ֮Ѫʲô˼ɵҲĿɿڴעԼȴǶȻһ
ʵҶĺѩνڰ֮ͷַ֣ͬԼѪ֮һڶʱʵ
ֻѪ֮ѪѪ۶洫ĴмеҶѹûк֮Ѫϵһ
ǣĺѩ˵ķӦȴҶ뵽һܣ
ǾǣѪʼ涫棬᲻ҲеһԱ
棬Ѫ֮壬һ֮µķṦΰʵʤΪȻƾһ֮ŤתϹʱڣΪʳıҾ档
ܴһ˵Ѫ۶棬Ǿž֮ˣȻҲмĿվе۷壬Ϊ߸ϵ
˵ĻдѪѪˣʵӵ֮ѪֻܹѴмȴ֮١
֮Ѫ;Ѵм䣬ʵֻ˵ϲͬʵЧȴȫһģ
һ̣Ҷ鶸ȻΪν֮ᣬΪλѪʼ棬Ȼп֮һԱ
Ҷ뵽һܣǾǼȻôҲǺһڰ˵ΪԼ٣
ģѪʼԲˣȻҲǷΪģȻĻѪڽ뵽֮ҲֲܵƽĶԴˣ
ԣһģ
һҵﶷ֮ҶƽҲע⵽һʵһԼֵʵѵ
ĺѩμѪһαһǿԼҲķԼսǿ
ҶûлӦĺѩ𾪣ֻƽЦŵԿʼ𣿡
ܷҶȻҲ֮Ѫĺѩȴû˿ĵԣ
䣡
ĺѩȳ֣Ȼ˫޳ĳȣ߸̧̩ͬɽѹһ㣬¡
ΪĺѩѪ˼ޣһȵǳˣƺľ磬ͼܹһи˺ѡ
ֵܹҶ˵ȴκв
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻվԭδ̧ȼŻƣӭȥ
Ҷ¹˭
ﬣ
ײȻ˼ʸеĽ֮һϼ֣ҶԾ˿ĺѩȴ˲˺Զ
ǴľʹѾܾûˡ
ĺѩɫĵ㵽˭
ܹ֮Ѫǿ״̬µеʹҲСҶˡ
ҶʼܵܵһҵʱҾ˵ˣҽҶ
ߣ
ĺѩȴҶĻһٶǰֻǶǼɫâͬˮһ㣬ǵصӿҶ
ɲ֮䣬ҶȻԼվĵطˣһƬڣͬ˺ڰ֮һ㣬ϲ죬²ء
ɼ˫ȭڰǬ
ǴСıɱɱ
ǰϴλǺοսʱùû뵽ξȻٴμˣ
Ҳ۷׷ס
ǣһ磿
Ҷе㾪ȣû뵽ĺѩȻԽ֮ӵֵزһ磬ҲУ
¡
žκĴ򳤿յѪһˣ
ǸӿƵѪˣ׵ľͻڰĽѪˮͬѪһ£Զǧ֮ɵˣΪʼϲ˸͸ʪ
ۣȣ⣬ʲôѪ
үѪҪɱ˲ôѪ
䣡
Ҷȫٿ֮£ڿնѪ˻ѪɫӿѪ磬ںڰ֮кֱײֱƬײƱ鲼֧顣
޴ĺУⷽȫ»Ϊ˺ɫâĺѩ塣
Ҷ׼ʱ򣬺Ȼע⵽ĺѩȻվһ
ôˣˣ
ĺѩشֻҧ촽ĶҶȻɫƽȴͬҶͷѪһ㣬ˡ
ôܣôܣѵѵֻڴ˵еѪѪ񲻾Ѫ᣿УҪңøǿѪĻ˵ʲôҲҪ¡
˿ĺѩϵĺڹͻȻͬӰһ֮УҲ¶΢ЦҶ֮һһЩᣬʵûҪٴȥΪ˱ʾǵǸ⣬ҳֿҶȥ͡
ĺѩ̬ȵľ޴ת䣬ɵȫͷԣҶһ֮ʵ̲סЦ治ǽܣղܾܵͺλҴС˵һģһĻ˵һȥ𣿡


1683 ״
ĺѩݺݵĵһԼǸ²ĵܵܣתҶɫҶӣ˵Ļ֮ҵܵ̽㣬Ϊȷʵ·ǿԿ϶㲻ҵˣȻһᣬңҳϣⳡˣ֮ǰĶԼңң㴦ã
󼸸ֵʱĺѩѾĵͷȥ΢ˡ
ⷬȴðҶڵ˶۾֪ĺѩǸ߰Ը˸ŵ°Ͷ˵ϡ
Ҫĺѩһ׷󣬵Ǹûۣ˵λοһμҵĳĺѩҺսһ
ҶȴĸԸ䣬Ҷã
һŮ˶һ˵Ļ˼ʵǷǣڳ֮⣬ļӵ޲ģȻ֪ⱲӲܵõĺѩҲԸͶ˵Ļ
֪Ҷӵд˵ǿѪѪôĺѩ޸ΪҴ󲻵޾ô
ҶӦĺѩ̧ͷŵȻҶͬĻԸʽжԼ
˳һҶҲЦҡҡͷˣҲû꣬ⳡԼʹգˡ
ֲЦˣȻĺѩ䣬ҶҲСҪŵԼҶиҪȥѰңǾǷʦеĴˡ
ҶȻתҪߣĺѩæеȵȣ
ʲô𣿡
ĺѩɿת˼žʲôķ˵ҶԼҡ
ҶӣѵĶʽȤҪ֪ҳۺ꣬ղöֻҪҶõģҶõó
ö
ҶﲻЦҪ˵ö˭ԼӵеĶ֮ࣿ£ܹԼеĶûˡ
ĺѩѾŵҿҶӺûʲôõмУҶӵ֮ѪǱҲƺûȫҲһЩط
һ仰ҶĶˣ
ղ뵽ˣѪ֮ڼȻҲ֮ѪľѣôӦҲԼ֪û뵽ĺѩ˵ط
ȻҶ֪ĺѩôеϣԼǰұȻͼıڵ˵ڼʶĿֲ֮ȷǷǳеҪԼʵ
Ҷ¶һ˿ԥȴĺѩ׽ˣȻļ˵գŸ뷨ҶӦĺѩȥ͡
ҶĺڴϵʱȻеƣԼΪʲô֪ǸȦףȴĪľ˽أ
£ֻܹ鹦ĺѩ粻֮ˣ
ȦףҶҲû˿η壬һ·Ȧ׺ʵ̫࣬ϰΪˡ
ڴϣдҶľǸɣҶҲˣȻ죬ʵϾǸ廨ͷпãȫĺѩͼ
ҲΪˣŵҶ׳˲õϢ
˵Ѳǵˡ
ڴʮǰڷһҰҰԴͷۡ
֪Ϊʲôԭʼձչصۣڳ֮󣬾Ȼͬ˿һ㣬ʼɱ¡
̶̼ʱڣѪɺӣʬǳɽڶʧ߰˰ˣ۹ҲûѣȫҲĪʧعƽ
ʱѾԪˣδȫɢϾǸٹ̣Ųֹһݵأֻ˴룬еѡеȴѡ£֮ȫһ
ɱӣɱ˷Żĸÿ춼ݡ
ȽΪԶ½ңЩ嵹ӹһ٣Ȼ˭ĳȻ⣬ƣҲЩ֮ģ
˭һͳ£Ϊϰأ
ˣ½ϵģǺеģ뷽跨ӶһԴһ˴˼ĦҲǲ١
ǰĺսǵ͵ӣ
ɵĻﻰҲ͸¶ˣĺѩ֮ôҶǰңҲΪ£׳Լ
˵ʵڵҶȻеԾȴûжȤľҵţӱˮʦսĴ֮ԼĹΪԼҲΪԼֵǣѰҵǸԵĻԵ
ڣȻֶ˸ңʦеĴˣôҶҲһѡ
ں˼֮ҴͻȻһɵɫʱĲҰһƬãƼҵˣ
Ƽ˭Ҷʵ
ħѪһ壬Ҳһˣˣ
ҶüͷͻȻ䷢֣ô֮ѪôֵĶ˶أ


1684 ˫ɷ
Ҷ֪֮Ѫôֵģǰʱ򣬶û֮Ѫĳ֣ڲҾ緢֮֮Ѫſʼ𽥳֣Ȼѵ٣ڼƵ˿˵Ȼֻǲ׺һڣô֣
Щ飬ҶĿǰȻǲ֪ΪȻѾûΪκˣܳ˴գ˼װ塣
ҶҡҡͷĵӵħѪƼҺȻܽų⸱ԣҲȥʶһ°ɣ
װ֮ҶҲһΪ˿ʮҴѾȫԴںһ򵥵ͣϴ֮ûгֵĺѩ˿Ҳվڴ֮Զ
ҶĿȻܹĿھ봬ӴԶĵطһɫĳԼʮ׵Сʻ
ҶڵȳףǾް͵ģԶԱ֮£ŻɫֻС
ֻҶʵ󣬲һСѣȻų⸱ԣǿӣƼҵʵҪǿĶడ
ʱĺѩȻҶԺҶӣһǲеĻϣܹȣƽصңл
Ҷ΢΢һ˸߰ĺѩԼԮûʲôնԸƼҰ
ʵҶĲףΪһ룬Ҫˣ˵죬ҴƼңôպƼұȻչ׷ɱʱܾҵ£ҲŹ
ȻҶʲôˣǼȵ飬ҲֻԵĵ˵ͷ׼ʱ¡
˵ҲΪԼһƼҵĶ֣
ҶĵͷĺѩϾȻ¶ظ飬ƺҶҶԼҪġ
ãȻҵˣҽ𻨣С϶ڴϰɣҿһ׷ܾˣԵóԸˣ
һ٬˳źԶԶÿ˵ĶУǵɫøӵѿȴû˸ҷһ䷴
ת֮䣬ɫСѾҴӵĽǰҶĺڴͷ֮ϣվӢӣòȫһһͷɫͷΪۡ
Ψһͬľϵ鲢ͬһʼչһɢЦݣһȴǰƺȫµ˶ǷǮһЦ
Ȼղ˵ľǸЦݵӡ
ʱ̲ס˿ó˰ԹĿСĵôùɣôƼ˫ɷˣ
ĺѩҲҶҶӣ˾ƼҵֵܣϴЦϴƽɷ϶ɷһ֮ѪΪ߱ɱħѪ⣬ֻҪˣҸұ֤ܿ϶ǵˣ
˫ɷ
Ҷٴ̧̧üëĳƺţħѪΪ߱ɱ㣬Ҳʶƺÿ֮ѪиԵص㡣
ĺѩ϶ԼҲǾ֮ѪҶҲǲÿɷ񣬱ϾԼûҵȷʵ֤֤߷񶨣ȻԼҲȥ͡
С㣬үߣǵסǣ
ȻղҶҵЩʮֲǴ˿ǵĻȴǰͷЩ˻֮
ȻĺѩЦҡҡͷߣֲǲ֪Ƽҵ·񣬼ȻǸĿŵĳǰǾ˵ѾȫİգƬܣȻǲ˴󣬸ߵĵġ
Ҷ뽫˳ٻϵ裬ż죬ҲӦòƼҵġ
ϧ˳޷Ĵ֮ѹ취ֻգֻܿҶԼ󷨵գ˵ңҲĵá
ۣĬĬĹ۲ܣͬʱ˫Ϣӡſܷ򿪿ռ֮ţ
Ȼû뵽ǣȻʮ˳ľʹ˲ţ
Ҳȷ˲ںˮ֮ǵƣһתҶȻԼ˲žǵλ΢ˣ΢Ҳһλܣ̶ֳȵ󷨣޷ס˲ţ
֣Ҷжʱ󶨣ԼȻʱ뿪ǻʲôµģ
˶ԼĻûзӦλƽɷǵûвЦݸӲõĵôĪǴСûнֵܷԸǣ
ĺѩĿڵƽɷǣĺѩùҪҹԹԾͷǾ޿ܣҪϻˣܷɣ
СȻǽüҾֽһСĸУ
ƽɷֿ¶õЦݣһӰѾʧһ޴ƿ֮һֻĶצݷһĺѩǰ


1685 ʵƲ
ĺѩϱɫâԼѪ֮һֻɫƳԼǰӭֻĶצ
ײһ𣬶צɢƺһ
һĻĺѩ΢΢һȻعվԶͻȻͬŮһһУ
ֻצȻǰ
ƽɷ
ĺѩȻҲǱһԭƽɷڶԸʵϹĿ꾹Ȼɣɵǵʵζܽһ
ϧĺѩҪԮѾˡ
ۿɾҪֻצ˺Ƭʱ򣬺ȻһѪɫȭͷΪͻأĳɵǰݺݵֻצ
ۣ
ֻצͬһظĿľһ㣬˲Ϊ촷ۣɢ˿У˵ĶоȻһͬǺĲҽ
˭
ƽɷϵЦʧϬ˫֮⣬ݺݵĿվǸİˣ
ȻֵľҶ
ȻɲûʲôøУ޷Լǰɱ̾һ֮ڻǳˡ
һ֮£׷ƽɷĹ
ƽɷŭʣҶûκλӦһԲĪ
ƽɷٴתͷĺѩٺһЦֲҴС㲻Ƿˣԭҵ˸е㱾µͷΪӵóǵ𣿡
㣬СӣƽɷָҶӽ쿪ʼûܹ㣬ѾƼңƽɷˣ
䣡
ͻȻһɫսӺˮ֮иˮ棬ܹʮң˲Ϣ֮ͽҵĴӸΧ
ѾŵòеˣЩսһɫĺѩ͸ոɣҲǴľ
ˣʵƼҿͶԼˣԲŻﲼҴƼҳսȻڱصá
ֻҶԾޱ飬ƺΧһж޹أʵϣǿѾʼɢѰЩɫս֮еĸ֡
Ⱥĺѩƽɷʵ֮Ҷʵ˸ϸ˽⣬¿ƲЩӺɣӦһĺѩƽɷЩ֮ѪˣʵſԴﵽ죬Ǳ֮Ļʵͻ߲ᷭᳬ졣
Լκ˶Ҫǿһ㣬֮ȫĻӦܹﵽ֮
οһʩչռ˲ƣ˲ţֻҪҶӣӦûܹ׷
ʱĺѩָƽʼԼÿ˺ҶĶУһҸͻΧһһмǲսһҪӳȥ֮¸߼üǱ𣡡
ҶӣܱǸҪʧԼˣҲþˣԼл߰ɣ֮󣬶֮ǧҪٻغΪƼңǷӣ⣬ҶӾҪڱǰչ¶֮Ѫֻ޾鷳ɱ֮
ûĺѩⷬҶܿĻΣʱ˦ˣڣﲻ̾һ˰ˣȲˣҲҪҽܾߣ
ö֮ҶʱƽɷҲǻָЦݣָҶ˭ܽ׽һƷ
ৣ
ƽɷ£ɫս̷֮ɳһһӰ֮±·ȻƷĽЩ˶ģҲҶ˭޲̽׽
ĺѩҧ촽ƽɷ㲻Ҫҵ֮ѪѣֻץסһˣαҪһʶ
ƽɷȻЦĺѩ˭֪۸ڶȻΪһ飬Ҵ۽簡ģӣҲôһĥãܣȻΪƼҵʬһһĹԶƼң
㣡
ĺѩŭʱȻҶĴ׼һһ뿪߼߼
ĺѩ΢΢һ㶣е㲻ԼĶ䣬عȻƽɷǰĿͬˮһ

һ쳹ʵıȴţ˵гһѪ⣡
֮䣬ƺ˿һֻ޴צӣ϶½ƽɷ׵˺أ߸߽ѪӳƬεĺ棡
ƽɷҲ֪Լôģһпȫʬ
ˣ
ͬʱһȽɫĴĺѩǰ֣ĺѩһ̣ӦҲǿ쵽˼£ɢĺɫâͬһŴһ˲Լܣסڵ߸ˣû˿ԥĳȽɫĴţ


1686 һ
ֱӽɫĴ֮гʱĺѩȻ޷ŸղԼһĻѪľ
ֹбˣҲͬ޷ţһ鶼һû˿Ľࡣ
ѵǶ𣿻ܣ
ֱҶǶʱǲűѹǰҶڸٷеıӰ˵ﶼһη𺳡
һ
Ҷһɱ˾ħѪƽɷҪ֪ϱǿ֮УҲûмܹһ㡣
ħѪǹϵΪ߱ɱѪһѣõҲǳѪĺѩˣԸȥƼҡ
ǣǿƽɷȴ׵ҶУ
ҶͲȴӵǿʵˣΪ֮ǰû˵ǴͻȻӵðһ
⵹ĺѩӿԿ϶ҶӵеһѪѪΪǿѪᡣ
ҶĲϿ˲֮£һоѾԶԶ˸ղűƼԴٰԶ
Ҷüͷȴšһţ˿ûаķɣΪԸоĵԼ֮£Ȼһƶ׷ԼңԷٶȾȻԼĻҪ죬Լ֮ľ
ͬǿ֮ˣڵĴܼ
ģĺѩҲˣĵˣƼҵĴ׷ˣҶӣߡ
ҶɱĿƽɷħѪˣƼưոݷŹƴ׷ϡ
ΪܣҶڻҲز죬ԸûȷķĺѩΪ𺳣һʱ侹ȻҲΪҶָ·ȻҲû뵽ҶĻ˲Ϥ
ɶٶôô죿
ҶҲǺ޵ҧгݣΪľٶȣǶԷʵ̫ǿٶϸռݲƣȻ˲ƣڵʵֻ˲ƽ϶̵ľ룬׷սȫûá
ݣ
һɫĹâƿն֮ʮɽ䶴ʼ̮¡¡ɽ֮ҧҶƨɺ档
ǵǰ
Ҷһҧͣܵĺѩ˵ĺ棬ѪҺٶȶʱʮͬʱüѿһɫâӭȥˣһѪɫĹâ˲ɳȥǧľ롣
׷֮ˣȫƾԼҶǵϢҶھԼն϶ԷͬʱѪ֮ڣԼٶȡ
֮ڳɹİλܣ
λƼҴǱףֱԼƤ£ԷɱƽɷھȻִԼ׷ɱ֮ߣ⵽Ǻη֣ʵǿ̫̬˰ɣ
ҶʧķƼҴŽţҧݵĵţһһ㵽˭ʱҪʬΣ
ڶݺݵķйһŭ֮ƼҴܷŭȴҲ¶һ˿أӣ֮ĪһҪȻˣ
Ҷ֮ͣſھѪĺѩѾɵˣһ˾ȻܹԼ˸ƿӲǴƼҴܵӳ⵽ʲô˰
ĺѩæߵҶߣеĵҶӣӦǱ֮ģһȥ֮󣬾ͻ߹취ͻһùӵ֮

Ҷ˵һȫİĴʻ㡣
ȱ˵ôˣҶӣǵľˣҾԲģڣǻȸҡ
һ˼·ĺѩ·ڰ֮󣬽һ׳ǣ
ȻҶǼˣǵȫںˮ֮УԨסػҪΰĶĳʱȻеһ˿𾪡
Ϊǵܣ鲼·дĿռ䷨򣬾ƾһ㣬ͱȻЩҪĶ࣬ڻڣ۹Ҳֱܴʵ÷֮Ϊ
ҶľȣЦĵҶ磬ǲǺ𺳣һλﵽ۾ķѰʱ佨ġ
ԴҶ֮ɶҶ̬Ժ˺ܶ࣬ҲǸ죬ľͽҶ˴磬ñ˭ס
Ҷͷȷʵ𺳣
ӽǻԶΪҶ㳨
Ϥ֮ҶҲˣӵܣΪʵֻе㲻˼Ͻѡ
Ȼ仰ҶȷʵежȴûбֳֻǲÿɷЦЦΪΪֹ޷жϳպԼҴʲôĹϵ
Ǹ߸ϵЩĺ˵ĻôԼ֮䣬ԶܳΪѣ


1687 ͬ
һźͼڣȥޱ޼ʵĺڰ֮Уһɫ˸һſ޾ǹԣبŲ档
һУ׵ĸܵĴڣҫǳƣޱߵĺڰͬϣվʲôǼ򵥵ӣκ˻ǳ
˿̣ɫӰӳƬڰ֮Уڵ۾̰עһУϧǲҶ࿴ֻɨһۺ˫ϥŻתľ޴ǳ֮ϣзԴηͳ羴ˣ
Ƭ̵ĳ֮һݷƽɣΣ
ߵӰӼæڵ񡭡
˵꣬ȻԼͬձɹ֮µıѩһ㣬Լٶڻš
󡭡
˾ŵһ֣㳹׻һ̲ˮֻһ̣ɢ˿
Ǹƽɣٴ𣺡˷ʱˣ˵סҪһֵķϻ
ǣұߵӰ΢΢һͼѾڵŬļѹȥأ
ȻղͬĴ̼ùȻûһֵķϻ
ŶȻʾ䣬֮ȴ޾ϲû˿ĸ飺ȥ𣿡
ûУ׼ȥûͱطūɡ
һ֮ٴ𣺡ǲаһ˿չ·֮ǰУʧܵĻҲûˡ
ּ
ұߵӰӾȴһᣬȻûκ֮վͷȥ
˵һʱӰӺȻٴιµˣһ¡
˵
ɱħ˵ĺˣ
꣡һЦô嶯Ǻе񣬲µȷе㼬֣ȻħѪǷħǻ̵ƢȻϷŹ
˶ٺŽŵɣĹȵ֮̿ս
ʲô
ӰٿȻһ͵̧ͷʶԼԿǴˣ̬ȼǶԴ˵ɣŵһ飬æָӣĵˣҡ
ôܾ𣿡ƽƺûܾûпսˣЩ鶼ҪǵĴˣý˻ᣬ¼ͬʱҲμӷսһõ飡
ӰӼŵˣˡС˶죬սĻ²ܻ
ܻĻߣҲûбҪˣûʸ̤·
ǣ
ӰӲ˵ʲôһ֮󣬹ԹԵȥ
Ƭ嫵ǿعžƬ֮ȴٴδһΣҾͲȻ޷ķأ

мְգѪ᣿
Ϊׯ԰֮Уμüͷ΢΢𣬶·ԼİŮĺѩ
ԭɣܹһɱƽɷ֮ɰաĺѩ˼ΪϽԸ˵ء
ɰ˫ͬӥ۾֮⣺ǲˣĺѩҲ֪ƽһżףȻѾõȫĲϣҲֻɵİտƳңĿǰƽ˶ǻóһŸĻһңǿɾ͵òʧˣ
ĺѩһ£ҧ촽Һ͵ܵо֮ңҪĻԸ⣬ԸΪҡ
ȻԼŮƬ֮һ˿Ц⣬οдиܹ̾ĶˣǵһɣһԼȻȥ̽ĵϸϢ̸֮£ڣʱסǡ
ǣĺѩе㺦ߵĵͷ
ƽɷ֮飬Ҳȷʵе㼬֣ƼҲܾưոݣһǷ֮£п˺Э飬ٽңԣ⼸ҲҪĴ߶һֻһƽķݶֻˣǶ֮ﰡ
ĺѩû˵漰Ĵ£ԼǾ֮ѪˣĿǰҲûʸ죬ԼĸףҲͬơ
ˣ°ɣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷе㲻ĴɵĿŻĿǰĵģȻй֮Ѫ顣
Ȼɲûо֮ѪΪĺѩĹϵЩҲǼΪ˽⣬٩٩̸Ҷ磬˵֮ѪʵԲϽֱΪѪʵЩµĽƣס֮
˵ɺȻѹĵȻôȻͻƣҶ磬ģҹƣ϶ȥҪƽˣ


1688 ƺ
ӵ֮ѪˣǷľĺˣĿǰûȷе֤ݿ֤ӵоѪļ壬ȴǼΪԼĺᡣ
һԺҲһݡ
ɵĿ˽⵽йԼƽ֮ҶƽҲĶˡ
ѪҺڵĺô̫ˣʮսʲôһ
ԼûѪҺڵĻѾˣﻹһ·ƽ죬ôܹͻѪҺڵʱھ޷õʵʱҲԼӵиȥʱ
Ҳ˽⵽ˣ˵죬ޱߵĻҺ֮Уļ壬ʮֻ֮࣬ηƼңҲ֮࣬ʮͬɽһܹ
ÿһΪȥ뷨跨ȴһЩȣܹȻ֮٣ôֻȥͽԵֱ
֪ôۼһ֮У֪֮ĹϵεĴ۸ӣҲǻҺֵȷ̫ˡ
ĿǰȻѾ׼ʼƽǿǵʧʣɵֻʮңҪóһϽɣԼҲţĺѩ϶ܵõһ֮⣬ļŶҪԱЩûо֮Ѫʱܾѵˡ
ɣļֵҲԵãʮң֮Щ˶õһƽôҶˣܹõƽĿԣʵǵ͵˼㡣
οҶڽԼõƽΪҪΪԼֵȡϾǣս죬ѩ裬ǶǾ˴м䣬Ҳ֮ѪôƽȻͬЧ
ҶţԼҪҪ룬ԼΪƽͣƽ
ϾѪ֮ˮİ˵ٷְٳɹǳɹʿ϶ӦñԼҪĶࡣ
ԼΪһˣĺѩΪҲĽôҪĲϽԼƣ
ͷ۰Ҫʮţֻǵܵõôƽأ
ҶԼüģŵ
ʱǰҶļҶ磬İɣϸĻʱҽҵǿ͵͵͸㣬֪ԼʲôɫⱲǲܾ֮ѪˣƽҲ˷ѡ
ⷬҶǳĸжͬʱҲܹɻ͸һ˿įΡ
˭ǿ
űϾֻǼˣɲݺ͵λܾġ
Ҷ磬£Ҵȥǹ䡣
Ҷͬ⣬ѾҶ˳ȥ
ǲȫˣͬҶϤĻһԻҺˣ߻ӣֻͳȨҡ
ڴ֮ϣҶȻȷʱ׿˷£ȴҲŨŨ˼֮顣
ԼѾжûлؼˣĸүүǶ𣿾ʲôʱԼܻؼأ
ƺҶҲ̫ãɸɴҶȥľ¥˵ҪҶȱȾ
Ҷ÷ɵĺ⣬ֻܿ㣬ǸոոԹһ̳֮ĺѩȻ˹
ĺѩҶµʱҶ̾˿֪پƿǺȲˡ
ĺѩһʢʻ˲֪˵Ŀ⣬ľ¥Ϊĵ˲ϯ֮վˣǵעȫĺѩϡ
ȻҲҶǵĺѩںҶ˵ʱЦ绨̬ǣʱò˲֮ġ
ǸС˭ʲôʸĺѩһ𣡡
㻹֪ɣ˵ĺѩĴƼҵǱСӸˣҾ˵ƽɷСӸɱˡ
ڿЦɣƽɷǿǾħѪˣĺѩҲĶ֣Сܹɱˣ
ҲţƽɷȷʵˣƼѾˣҾÿһսҪˡ
ҲСӸɵģ㿴ëƶû룬ɱأ
۵ʱ򣬺Ȼһ˳˽ҵĺѩС˵˼仰֮ĺѩվ𣬶ҶǸһЦеҪϻȥͲˣСɣչ˺ҶӣȻȥҲʰ㣡
Ѿ˼⣬Цİɣ㣬ΪСӣҵȻչ˺δĽˣ
˵ʲôĺѩһȴûй⣬ĳҶ˵ͷͬһ뿪ˡ
ĺѩ뿪֮󣬾¥֮жʱըˣ
ҶҲͬʱҡҡͷɰǿƺºˣ鷳ҲҪˣ


1689 Ǹ
ɼȻѾ⣬˵֮ʱȻҲǿ¥˶
ȻԳҶСӣֱ˵˵ҶδĽ򣬶޷ܵǣ˵˲ٴɫĺѩȻû˿ı⣬̬Ĭˣ
˵ĺѩȻˣҿƺһûûʵߣЩ˵жʱһŨŨĴ⡣
˫ڣŨŨĿ⣬ʱͼеҶϡ
ҶȻ鷳ϵ鷳ʵ̫ˣҲһѵɣˣеˣǻȥɣ
ɻشһѾӾ¥֮ͬʱһɱҲ֮ƵԾÿһ·
һӣ˵Ĵ˽ֱҶǰ˫ĶҶ⣬ҲԼĵԣ
Էûֱӳ֣ǳҪŭҶȳ֣㲻ѿǼΪա
ҶǼ˷ˣȫ޶ã̲סˣȻе⣬ȻѣοҶˣȻҶܵκ۸
䡱һ£ɾվָӵıӵۣʲô
ɨһɣӱǿмĵжԶҹԶɣ˵ƨǣ
㣡
ɵľ˲ѣǵͨ죬˳裬ȴֻĻǲκιľٶ
ʱҶҪƽ͸ԼʱįΣȻռĺѩʵںݵλ£ʵȴԶǰƨ㲻ϡ
ȻɱҪԵͷȴ̫򵥵ˡ
ǰλۣȻˡ
Ȼȱ㣬ǼȻĶԴҶôҶͽѣȻҲῴ۸
΢΢һЦҶվ۵ȰΪղŵĻɵǸ
仰ɵ΢΢һȻתҶ˫֮г˸м֮ɫȴǷЦǸҸǸʲô桭
ž
İ۵Ļǽĸ߸߷ײ˾¥Ĵصˤ˳ȥ
ȫˣ㵹ڵϣҲȻûзӦô£ףӰǰͬʱһֻѾصĲͷϣҶٴ𣺡Ǹ
ۻعжȻһͬҰްĺУôҲһȻýŲͷϣֱɱҪʹ࣡
ȥ
ݷбų֮۶ʱԴѹһɽͷǶ֮±ѹñˣбˮܿƵµ䣬Ǳ˼㡣
Ǹ
ȻĮĸκθͬǸ߸ϵ񣬶С
һ̣пֵ˶סˣȻƽｾݰ裬û˶ʲôøУǱϾμһλ֮Ѫ׸磬Ըû˸
ԵһˣȻǰǸҶýŲڽ£ǺɣֻҪҶԿ۵Դͬһըѿ
˵ʲôȻûоѣʵҲȴ裬ѵμҵı𣿡
˵ûпܣɱƽɷ
Щ̲סСۣǵԶҶһ˿η塣
ɿǰһĻǼΪʹ죬Ҷ²ĺܣʵȴûٱ۸Ҳ˼Ϊȥ壬ȥĺѩֻ֣
ڣҲû뵽ҶȻΪͷΪԼһ仰ǿƵıԼǸ
ȴʱĳ˳Ҷ½ǣҪȰҶˣۣμңи鷳£
ȻɿڣҶȴѾһɣ㿴ˣ˶۸ˣԽ˲ڽ£ⲢûʲôѵģֻҪһ㣬ǱǿǿͿΪΪԲں˵ĿԼ
ɵѪҺΪҶ򵥵һͻȻ˫ȭҲڲ֪лսԭȴŵų˫֮Уӿһִδйļᶨ
ſڵϣĸоʱԴϵֻźȻƿˣȻŹᣬþȫһɱ㣡
飡
ϧûеӵϳǰҶûü壬ոƿֻѾٴߵϣصĲ˽¡
ͬʱҶҲ֮𣺡Ǹ


1690 ׳
ʱ˿̣¥ܣͬϣˣȴİû˿
飡
һ𣬻Źͷ֮˶ðһɺ⣬ֻ̧һκݺݵĲ۵ϡ
Ǹ
Ƭ̵ļž󣬴ҶĽڴһ΢ԣԲ𣡡

۶ȻþȫԲɣԲأԲ𣡡
λƽۣʹ˫ѹ֮£Ҳ޷ӲǸˡ
Ҷջ˽ţԾûκεı飬ߵɵ߰ɣ
ĿһſڵϣԾں޵ۣĵͷҶת뿪ˡ
ҶĵطȺ̻ÿһ·û˸ٶ࿴Ҷһۡ
Ҷ˵ע֮£뿪ˡ
Ҷʧ˽ʱ֮֮вһǺľһҪɱ㣡
صңҶеˣԻݣҲѵûƤĸţǶҶıӰĬĬһ촽䶯ŵҶ磬лл㣬ˣ
仰֮ҲˣʱȻҲûгֹ֪ˣΪ˼ˣ֪ˣȴҲ޲Ŀɿڴš
ΪλɢȻչˣң͸¶ѡĻҴ֮ΪѣҲΪʹһ֮
֮Σأһһɹʵõȵ
ҶصУ̹ţڴ֮Ⲽóһ֮󣬽뵽˺ɽ֮У˴˻硣
ԴԸҶһǰ֮⻹ǵĵһμ棬Ȼڽֻ֮ɹ˲һµʱ䣬ǳ˰֮⣬˶Ǿޱȼ尾
Ȼľɫÿ춼ǧƪһɣҲ˷ȻǶĪ˾壬Ѿڻ˼ʱˣ֪Ŷٵͼį
ҲĪ֮ϵһ㣬ΪҶΪԼˣȴһߵ죬ݺĺðڵ塣
ڿߵĺǣڼҶʱҶԺеĵһ仰ǣҶϽ취ˣȻĲ㣡
ʵҶγ֪ԼĿǷҲɼ˳ȴǼʱһʮܵϢЩ£Ϊҷֱ˼ԣײԵջģӦþս죡
սдջҶ֣ΪʥսоڣôֻҪԼҵսͻ̳ݴУټսʣҲպΪµĴʥ
ĪҲдջϢҶû뵽ģô˵˵ĪܹΪˣֻҪܹܹ֮࣬뿪磬ԼߣҶˡ
Ϣ֮⣬ҶеľСݣȻٴʧˣʧȥֻǶʧǶμ䡣
˲²ӦԼѡμˣҲãûԸγ˱˵ļ䡣
ĪԼһһĴк֮Ҷ̽Լ֮;Լйϸ˵˳ʱҪӴҵ˳
պһۺȿڣãȻ֮Ѫ뿪ʱû˵֪ӣʮʱ䣬ķ˷츲صı仯
պ趼֪˸ǲ˽ˣϢúǣ˳ڴΪҲԾ˴м䣬ȻǽܼĶʱ䲢̫Զ˵ǻʣҲǻʵǿҲΪ˴мأ
Ͼ֮ѪǴӳΪЩһģδУξѵģԼ
˻ڴ˼ʱ򣬾ҶϵĪȻĿڵҶܣǸĺѩƯ𣿡
ƯҶĵĸ˿佱Ϊʵ
شǶ̲סԲ˫ۣݺݵĵս춼ĿʦҶٲ飬ҲܵĪ˵ŮƯ
ҶֿڵĺڰѪҲ֣еǰе㻳ɣڰ񣬻᲻ʲôϵ
˱˴˶һۣͬʱҡҡͷҶʵȷʵǿ쵽˼ŮҲ˲˼飡
Ů˵Ư̬ȣͲϣںľǸʵйص顣
ҲΪҶŮϵİ׳գκ˶ỳԲĪ£ͬʱҲ˰ңҿ磬ȻĻ˭֪ĸŮ˵С
С֮˳Ҳ˼ϣڵ˵Ǹнɫ޷أûпΪĳ֣ŵĳ֣


1691 ص
Ҷղ˵ľȤʵһ飬Ͼżʣĸ綼ڣǻǻ飬Լеɫ޷أ
ŸΣյ޾֮УȻһƯ˾ëȻ˳˵ȻҲðҶڵ˶¶֮ɫ
ô뷨֮УΨһľǾԼȥ޷أĻôΪʲôȴ޷룬ǸƺǱĹϵӰˣ
˳ȣղ˵ˣٲûж꣬ǱǿдϣҸͨĵطա
ԣҶͷ
ЩЩĿʲôҲΪеģԽ㵱һҲǾ룬ľ˵ľû˵һأǴ˵ûС
ѵľôɣоˣܣңǵٿ޷֮ǰ׼ýƿգʱӦýԼȫͷ˳ĵơ
ҶղŲû˵ΪûбҪ˳ȴǵ˳
޷صĹ֮ϿŵѪ֮ƣĵ֮Ѫ֮ƣοûмǴĻѪһţѪ壬ǵѪ֮ƣ˴֮䶼һֻ͹
ҶȻվΪȷû뵽Ѫ֮֮͹
ڷ˽磬Ҷһν뵽ħԯ콾ԯʱΪѪ֮ƣԯҵˣϳҶݡ
ڸħµĴ󣬻ǴʥսסأĹڣǵѪ֮ƣѾŴη˹ӶҲΪһڲʶ£бݵһַ
ô֮УԼ۽ͷŰѪ֮ƵĵƵʱ򣬵ȷпѪһŻѪľ޷أ
ͨЩ֮ҶøӼжϳ޷˭𣿡
˳˵ͷ룬ҴѾ֪ˡ
˭ģ˭ķأ
Ѫ۶棡
֣ͬףصҶĶը죬Ҳܵ˲˴˶¶֮ɫ
ƯеĽɫ޷أȻѪʼ棬Ѫ۶֮أ
ĪĸҶĺ󱳣ٵ侲жϳģ
Ҫ裬ȷΪ㶯Ѫ֮ƣŽ޷ġ
Ȼأ
գİţֽ޷ô֪Ҫҵ޷صˣЩ񣡡

ѪѪ壬ĽܳͣһֻʮһλѪ۶桢ħľλʦʦ㣡ħ죬˵ӦǱ·УôֻʣѪ۶;λʦʦ㡣
ڵ֮ԶѾ޴ˣپԲʮǰֵģһľλʦʦҲųΪʱϲѪǰѪΪϵǶԼҲеһԱ
˳һ仰ҶһΪҲ뷨
ѪǷеһԱ˼ҵʵݣԼʱֻпķĹע⣬Ҫҵ
󣬻һԭ򣬾˵ĹϵЩѪ֮ƹɵ֣㲢ʶҲΪ̫ϣϵѾʧĵزŲʶлĻѪˣѪ֮־ʲôģ
ʵҶҪȥʣΪ˳ƶϺټϵزҶʱӿʧȥĳĸоѾ˳ĻأпܾѪʼ棬Ѫ۶ķأ
Ҳֻ˼Ҳ÷ĹƯʵ
Ƭ̵ĳĬ֮Ҷ³һµľѪ˼ҵķĹҲûˣûлټˣҾҲܽС
˳¶֮ɫҸղеƲⶼȷĻôԻٴμأ
Ϊʲô
ΪЩϣǻϣУ
Ҷٴ˳Ĭ֮ԼƲȷȷŵһ߰ɣϾڵĴû˿Ĺϵȿһǰɣ
ضҶ߻ħھ֪˸ϢҶҲȥ˼Ҫ⡣
Ȼ˳ȴҡҡͷغǰйϵǷǳйϵΪѪ۵ĺˣǾ֮ѪôѪΪҲǰ϶ѪЩҵѪ۵ķأԣڵ뵽죬һеı󣬶һλλڰƶͰţ
򵥵˵㼴ٵĵˣֻˣǡ񣡡


1692 ˵Ĳ²
Ҷ֪ʵԼò˳ʱȻǻһƬֱĺѩĴ£Ҽ֮ŶȻ˹
ټҶĿĺԣΪ̽ѰҶĵϸԼҶǷǾ˴˵еѪѪ
ԴˣҶԥһ֮󣬵棬ʩչѪ֮ڡ
ȻϲûʲôرķӦһŵ˿ϲȴûӹҶ۾
˿ϲҶҲڳûԼ뷨Ȼҵ뷨ǳðϣ濼һ£룬ܲƽԸ֮ϣҵĳɹӦøڱˡ
㣿
ֹ񣬾ĺѩҲȻɴ۾Ҷ
Ҫ̫ðˣ˵Ҷˣǵ¸صʦҲԲӦҪ
ҶҲûа취ܹõһƽϣܹƵҩĹУ֪ƽ䷽
ֻ䷽пƳƽӶԼֵǶͻ
ԭЦݶѾҶĻ磬ĵҶСѱﵱԼңס죬Ϸ£Ͳдˡ
䲻ȵĶ仰֮񵱼ǷȥҶȴҧҧͳһű˹ȥţƵĵҩʦ
ȻûлͷȴֽסŵһԲ뿪ˡ
ֱӰʧ֮ĺѩߵҶǰüͷҶӣôҪ󣿡
ĺѩȻҶкøУûӵŮˣĿУһжԼΪأҶҪһ˿ɡ
ΪҴ֪ƽãĺõһţ˵ʵ֮ϵȷҪʦֻҪƣõƽ϶ᳬǵԤڣһҲҾʸõһˡ
λҲǼٻҶ˵ֱ׳ĺѩڶҶ֮ڱ̾˿ҶӣҼȻӦ㣬ȻȫԸģ㲻õġ
İʱҶûмĺѩȻΪԼǸҪ󣬲֪ǵôġ
ĺѩһŵԣ˹֮ѪϸܣԼһЩ
Ϊ֮Ѫֵʱֻж̶ʮ꣬ԶҲǺܶ࣬ǸƲ⡣
ҶںͰǹ֮ͬ󣬼˳ķȴǿԿ϶м䣬֮Ѫ
߻Щͬģ򵥵˵мͨģû֮˵֮Ѫ棬Ϊĳ֣
˳ҲһķΪʲôʮʱڻ½ô֮Ѫ˵ԭ
ԭֻ˳Ĳ²⣬ȴΪˡ
Ҫˣ÷һӦþǻѪǵĺѪԼڵѪҲÿһλѪã˵ܾʱ䳤̣ѪŨԽߵѪԽãԣ֮ѪĿܣֻ֮ѪԲϾ֮Ѫ
ǸʱͿ˵ѪΪԼãӶ̶ȵԼ
֮ѪĿǰ˵Ǽֵ˷ܺԺ£ҲȻΪ˾֮ѪŬ뷽跨ͻǣһĵԼܴﵽļޣ߳Ϊ֮ѪʱҲɥ֮ʱˣ
뿴Ǽôп飬ŬѵĴ۲ŻóɹͷȴΪѣ
ɫı仯˳æο˵ˣֻҵĲ²⣬һʵҾʵҲ赣ģϾ;ˣǵǲͬġ
ŵ˵ǼŬͻǷԵĴмأ
⣬˳Ҳ޷ˣϾ漰Щ˵ȣ˭Ҳܱ֤ǵȵǺ˻ǻˡ
ΨһŵľҶͰˣѪ۶ķĵӡ
Ǻݺݵһ˳˴𰸣ΪʲôͻƣǵԼģûκʸռǵȣ񣡡
ʱҶͻȻ΢΢һһ˿ľ棬ˡ
ȻҶûܹ⻯ȴѾܹܻһ˿Ϊʾ֮á
Ҷ뿪˻磬ûѯʵ׳ʲôµʱ߳ӣ̧ͷϷĺȴѾˡ


1693 ĿĴ
ʱ˿̣ǵϷ飬սлͼΪ޴ĳս
ЩսɫģлɫģаɫģһɫʹһܹɫҲ˵ȻĿŵӻҺµЭ飬ڵ׼Ըҡ
ɫͰɫսҶڱԼɱƽɷƼҺͱΪ㴫˵ҡ
ĸȻҶ֪ӦҲбݺݽѵμҡ
飬ҶȻǿгͷתصҲһ˽ҾζԴԼĻᡣ
ĽҶе֣ΪûзսЩսҲϿմһʱ뿪ˣȻԼҲûбҽȥ֪ʲô취Ȼܹ˵
ϣĺѩҵҶٴδȥ
Σ֮⣬֮ϻλϡߣ϶һ˿Ȼ֮ɫӱǶ˴ϤĲľζҶ׵ľжϳǵݣʦ
ȻҶҲˣĺѩӦýԼĻٽöѾе㶯ģҲΪˣûнԼμһƼҡ
ȻżɽҪҶλʦһвѾ׼ϣ̿ʼ
ҶûҪ󣬾Լ֮ʱ׼ڳȻõ㣬Ϊ֮ڶзӡõߡ
ЩϣҶȻԼһĴǾȻ費ͣ죬дڵĲϣһֶʶ
뵽λľԼΪ˽ľˣѩ裬ǬҲ˳
ȻҪǬɼƷʦȻڵҩҲҪ˽գεһᡣ
ҶĿǰʵͷų֤ǲܴ֮ѹ
̵гһССĲǵǬ̵ʱ׻һ㣬
Ҷ֪ô£Ϊĵ˰죬͹ŵľګǬһֶ˵ֻǺһϵҡͷ
ѩ迴ˣĵĴҶҶ磬ҿǬϲ̡
ڽ֮ҶҲ뵽˻磬ȻԼԸ֮ǰ׳գǺô֪δٽ˵ĸ顭
̺ѩ費ҶƾǶľ֮˽⣬ɹİҶֱЩϵľԣҶ˳
Ѫ֮ˮҲŵҩ¯ֱ֮С
ˣҶԱʦһʱ䣬еʱжð
ҶǰŻصԼסžԸ˹Ҷ׼׼֮󣬽˴ǰһطʼƽ
ԼĿڴﵽҶһѩ̵İڷƽ䷽ˣֻҪܹյ䷽պԼƳ㹻ƽˣ
ͻȻתҶЩһֱЩѹֵڵõ˷ɣѾ⣬굤ҩ֮Լͻ뿪ңǰңŪǾǷʦеĴˡ
Щ飬ȻҪ뿪ҺȥѰĹԼǵ䡣
Դ˳Ҷٵĵ˲ֻˣʱ˵ʵҶеš
Ϊ֪Ŀ£ǾԲѪһҲܿĶ
ΨһܹԿģҲֻʦħ죬Ҳ·Ͻҵʦ
ҹϰϰҶվ⣬ͷǲµҹգⲢҹգԷģ¶ģϾȻںףȻ޷ǿա
ȻҶüͷһ壬Ȼתһ򣬶Ҷע֮£һΰ˻˳
ò㣬ЦϾȻɢһɳǵѪ֮ζͬѪеѪһ㣬󣬶Է˫һմѪȡ
Ҷ̲סۣһ֮£۾гһ죬Ϊ˵Ȼ꣡
Щǳ˵һÿһֲ飬ǵĿעӵʱȴ¶һɷŭη֮ɫ
ܹôԼܣ飬Ҷûм޷
ҶڶԷȴһ²⣬ӦǱΪ߱ɱħ֮ѪľˣƼҵˣ
˵Ƽҵ˾ԲӦóҶ뵽Ī뿪սȴǻȻ
ӣջǳԼ϶ǽԼ˳ȥֻΪҪԼסƼҵˣƽ֮⣬ƼҵˣʱסңӦҲ֮һ
μҵˣʱ˿̣ԼӦҲ̫Զ
ҶǷһ˿Цĵ񣬼Ȼ㲻ʣǾͱҲˣ


1694 Ů
ת֮䣬Ю꣬ɢѪȵ˾ҶǰȴûпҶȫ͸һߵԺеʯ֮ȻųҶһЦ·
̬ѾҶ߸ϣҶȴ΢΢һЦƼҾ˵˾֮ѪҼƼ˫ɷӦþǵ˰ɣ
ȻԷȻûҶĻһصļһ·ھ͹ҵǰĶЧңԶƼҵʬܱסꣻڶ·ҳԽʬ㽫ѡɣ
ҶȻ̾˿˵ҡҡͷܶ˶ѡֻϧЩԼ˲·е㻳
˵仰֮ҶȻתȥƺҲ׼ǶԷˡ
ߣ
ԷȻһԾԭأһֻȴӿռ룬ֱӳҶ󣬺ݺݵȥ
ۣ
ҶͻȻתһȭҳ촫Էڿ΢΢һһѪĴ¡
ȻһҶռϷ磬ȴҲҶ΢΢һԼһȭȻδܽԷƸ飬ֻǲһ˿ڣɴ˿ɼԷҲޱȶǿ
ƼкγǸе𾪣ħѪħѪƾûгԹû뵽ȻһƺԼǿĶ֡
ʱڳȻҶǿ󳬳ֵˡ
Ҷȴע޿֣ΪԷԲҲܶԼôҵȻǵȵƽƳɹ֮󣬲ŻὫԼڴ֮ǰԼǰȫģ
ҶԸƼҵ˼ԼֻǶԷʵ޷ѹֳޣŻҹҪԼһѵ
ֻ˭˭ѵһأ
˫ŵʱ򣬺ȻһЦҹ֮𣺡ưˣҲμҪˣҪɱֻƼҵ鷳ˡ
ȻμҵˣȻûȴԼ˼ĺǾҶͬҲμڱص֮ˡ
Ҳһ̣ҶȥһᣬʱҲһܴлһЩ벻ĺô
ư˸ѪĹâɨһĺڰ֮һȻתߣȻδ¶μҲŹ˼ɡ
ư뿪Ժٴλָ˼žҶעޱߵĺҹеĲʮӰӣЦ
֮ĺѩǰҶǰ֮أĺѩԴһ˿ڣҺҶĿֱӽӴ
ڸղţźԼĸһִΪѾ֪Ҷƽ֮ҾͻὫ佻ȥ޷ܣΪҶǿѪѪ
ĻشȴҲ޷粵ĺѩѪѪȻˣǣǰҶܹƿأǻôĴ۾Ȼûܲ鵽һ˿ϸǴӵͻȻðһҾҵĹ۲죬ҶԲǸıƿصˣԣң˵һΣյӣһǺҲ޷󣡡
ԴˣĺѩҲϣҶ̫ˣԥɱƽɷ˵棬Ŵβڽ£ܹЩˣôױҿƣ
ĺѩ磬Ҷȴûһ̬ޱȣ˼ŵʱĺѩͻȻתҶҶӣûңֻҪԸ⣬ڡҵĸ֮£ҲպҶΪģҺ춼Ϊ
ҶܲĺѩڶԼ̽ί¼޵ľģˣ̻ӦԼᡣ
ҶЩȨ֮ûʲôȤԣֻܹһˣңѾӣ
仰֮ҶѾ󲽵Ĵĺѩ߹ĺѩȴԭΪ֮
Ѿӣ
ĺѩзصŵһ仰
ͻȻ֮䣬ϵƭĸое˿ѾȻ޴棬ȡ֮ǻķŭ
ȻӣΪһٶʾãΪŴγ־ңΪλҪң
ʵĺѩ뷨ʵں޵ΪҶûжʾãҲֻǳڱģΪֻʵ
ȻһĺѩȴǱӲŤˣΪҶƭԼڼ̤Լĸ顣
Ȼ뷨е㲻Ƕһ߸ϣκ˿ĺѩ˵ͻȻһĵˣȻ׼ԼԷʱ򣬶Էȴܾˣ
ʵǴ˵Ǹ߰ģ
Ůģ룬˵Ҷ׳ˣ¾˳ߣҲ޷µ͸


1695 ͸
ҶھȫףΪʲôղŻĺѩͻȻ֮ǻ˸һĮ
ҶҲûȥĺѩĴ֮£˽ڵִһط
ȻѾ֮ΪܵڣΪԲǧ׵ķΧ֮ڣĿ֮ɼһϵ·Ƭ
ҶһԼԭȵļƻҪˡ
һɢīɫĽǰ׷ͯյӭЦݵҶСѣʲôҪ𣿡
ɢƣҶжǼ¶ȻǶҵϹŶʵŴﵽڵ۷塣
İţĿԶ׼ǵҶƳɹƽ֮ߡ
ҶɫƽĵûҪڼ䣬Ҫκ˴ŵң
ģ֮ԽΪ˷ֹЩͼı졣
ã²˳٣ھͿʼ
Ҷûжԣŵȥڽ뷿ŵʱȴ̧ͣͷһһµԿ̵Щӵ·ƺڱʾ⡣
Ҷڽ֮󣬴źȻرգɫ·ʱڵֱʱųĳ˿Ͳõˡ
Ȼĺѩǰһѵ׼֮󣬽ȥ𣿡
һ˿ĺѩôھ£Ѿ˵ˣģ뿪ɣ
ȻĺѩȴҡҡͷҲ˼Ǿãȥʵ̫ϧϾӵѪѪ취ȡѪҲԴѪ֣ȻٽȥҲŲ
񲻽㶣ԶŮ̬ȵľ޴תе㲻Ӧĺѩǣ
ĺѩޱĵŮһжΪǼ壬ȻΪãôôҲҪեȡ㶫ңһи󵨵뷨ֻеðա
ȻŮ̬תԭ򣬵ȻԼŮԵͷ˵
Ҳ֪֮ѪÿƽһΣŨȾͻҶһλûͻƹԲȷƽȵƽɹѪŨӣȻȡѪֻҪðգһƽʧܣ˷һƽڶƽɹʵ޷ץס
ʵ֮ǰҲ뵽ˣΪ̽ҶĵϸټĺѩҶģշ뷨Ȼû뵽ĺѩȻϹŶ˸
ҶܹӵѪѪѪҽѪѪ֮еѪ֮ȡǶ˵޷ĺô
֮Ѫȷӵе֮
ڣһܣ
û˷ܵģưдɱһ֮ѪҽѪȫ֮󣬾ȻķԼӵ˶ԷѪͿʼ˷ɱ¾
Ȼûü죬ͱ֪һӵ֮Ѫ֮Ļɱ
ĳλ¸صĴܼ棬ֹⳡɱټһЩʦоֱ֣ѪʵɹʵͣЧҲǺܴ󣬲ܹҵ֮Ѫе֮ȡܹʵ
һܸ϶ǰȴȻڽӶ֮ѪΪ
ƼǰΧĺѩǣΪľǶȡĺѩ֮Ѫ
׼ڵʱ򣬺Ȼ̧ͷգֹ˵ˣλ棬Ͱˣĺѩ뿪
֮Ͽգ˿ѾΧǧˣμĸԾۼЩУҶǰ֮⣬ͷֱһЩ塣
ƽκ˶ż
޾壬ΪȻҲбɡԳӦͳƽļ֮⣬˸ûз
Ϊĺѩ飬ı뷨ǾҪҶ£ѪҺҪЩٴһ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾȫķյ֮Уˮ
ղڵſڵͣ£Ϊͣ͵͵Ľһ˿˳ӿȪѨ˵£Զ˵ĶԻ
˵ʵĳϣĺѩ̬ȣ͸ģ
ָܹҳΪѣҲûΪˣϾԼǺüΣǲҪԼȥҾȻԼѪ
ɽºԪ˳ס˻硣
ܷа취ó󷨣ͻķӡֱӽҴͳȥ


1696 ƽ
˳̽Ѱ˴ӡʱҶҲѾгѩ裬̺Ǭ׼ʼ
Ϊ˷ֹгκ⣬ҶֱԲҪṩƽϸ裬Ҳˡ
Ȼֱӵ䷽ϸĲ裬ƾҶټ̺ѩİƽ䷽ˡ
Ĺ̺˳ԭƻ£ǰµʱ䣬ҶɹƳ˶ʮƽ
Ҷԭȵļƻֱ֮Ӵӵ֮ڴеƽԴ뿪
˳ڲ鿴ķӡ֮ȴҡͷʾ޷ó󷨣λϹŶţƻֻա
Ҷƽ֮ǰͬԼõģΪаƳʮţҶΪܹԼƣˣҲͬ⣬ҶƳɹٿţֻҪܹʮţľ͹ҶУҰԼһ͸Ҷһš
֮⣬ƽƳɹչ¶Ѿ֪ͬĺѩȫ
ʮƽУҶʼҲ
ãԤڶƽеļֵ޷óȥҴ׬һʣѵǵҶļˣҶСѣѾΪ㻻һӰȫĵطϽȥúϢϢʲô»ͷ˵
ҶЦǸԼĵطɣ
ЩȻ˵һ˴·ҶǰȥϢˣϹŶȴԾɾۼеǸװƽƿ
Ȼǵ˼΢΢һЦҷģȥϽɵĿźͳȥţһʣ¾ſţзݣ
һ壬Ǽȫ˵ģ֧ҲݸԵʵǿһĻȨΪҲҶƽ
ǸСأһϹŶ촽ҹƣٻţֱɱܵõѪܶƽ
ҡͷ򲻿ɣƼҺҶңͷ֮һ۶ȤɱΪɱ֮
׼ô죿
ȫƽЧΣһĹâƼѾ಻סˣڴ֮ǰưˡ
ĺѩüͷ΢ư֣Ҷܻ
ģڣ֤ˣý˿Կжǿʵ
ҶûջԼһ˿ҲЦǵĶԻ
ǸùԹԵһߣ
Ǹưмְգ
úϻ״̬аսɱ
ǾͺðˣҲԳԽưߣϾڴ˴Ƕ㻢񣬵ߣҸطȷƽȵʵȻٻɱʹ죡
ҹҶȡһƽеÿһϸڣٴȷƽ䷽
һصĽŲ𣬴Ҷ˼ưˣ
ȻҶҲˣưƼ˫ɷ壬һо֮ѪģʵĺѩЩ߳һưħѪҲǿޱȡ
Ҷڲκ״̬£ܽƲˣȻĽɱˡ
ƽҶ߳עλưüͷ㣿
ư¶ЦߣСӣһΣҲסˣ
ðɣϴҼһΣҲˡ
£Ҷ֣ȭͷͬɽһȻ¡
ϴαҶȭͷƣưҲһֱڻʮֵĲҶĹȻȭӭ
˫ȭײȻ죬һε˳ķƬԺ֮еļɽ԰֣Ѿȫײ֮촷ۡ
Ҷͦɽưȴ¶һĨ𾪡
ʣҶ֮ǿ£˿ɱȣ
⻹ǿȻ㲻ýɷһ
ư£Ȼ̧źݺһ壬ʱ֮ϳһɫĹââ֮УȻһ޴ĿӰӰܣ귢Թ˻֮·Ƭâ֮оޱ
ڱ˵Ҳе壬ǶҶ˵ȴСƵ⣬޷ѪᲢۣ֪ħ֮Ҳʮֺ棬ֲ߱ɱѪкι֮
֮ưȳ֣һƷնգò񷶼Ϊ֮ڣϵѪ·֣ǵҶѹȥ
Щ·Ҷȴһ˿ȣΪȻ֣ưͷųЩ·֮УȻѪ֮ƵӰӣ


1697 ʾ
һ˼ͷҶԺѵλħ񣬺ѪѪʲôϵɣ
ⲢҶͻ룬ΪѪ֮ȻͬڶԴ򣬵ȴѪΪԲܹģ³ģѪһŻӵѪ֮ѪĴڣܹ
Ȼưʩչ·Ѫ֮ΨһĿܾǴ·ˣ϶оѪ֮ơ
룬ûϵĻ˭ὫԼò򵽵·ȥо
Ҷûʱȥ˼Щ⣬˳Ļܷͨưսƿ⴦ͬӡĵطӶ뿪
һ̣ҶҲˣʩչѪ֮ڣ˫ȭѪ֮ͬһӿȣӭư֮ȭ
һξıըȴҶֱɳȥ񱩵ǼСݸײķѣȻ
ư¶Цݣղ㲻Ǻǿôڲˣ
սķΧڲϵӣʼһСԺ䣬˲ϢѾ˽ңҶԵǱޱȣһδεıưɳȥÿһεˤֱͬһɽĵһ޴ײϵΧĽһж촷ۡ
̶Ƭʱ䣬ѾһƬ档
ͬʱڰйۿⳡսҲ̲ס˸п
ҡҡͷӣưѾͻƵĵزʵƽ졣
һϹŶͷǰ˵ƼĲưǸز¶ɷƼҲŸ˿
Ҷ϶Ķ֣ʱǾ͸óˣȻưӣԻԥĽԻˣ
ڶҶϾҶѾҡҡλΣƺվվˡ
ֻĺѩüͷΪʲô֮أ
ĻЦŵĿǰǼ֮⣬û֪Ҳ֮ѪԼҲӦ˵йư¼֮Ļ
ư֮ѪǾɱŹģ
ƬʱȥҶư֮սѾ˽ǧңôķΧȫҶԼһδεײġ
ӵһαư֮վưͲķٴηɳȥһֱز
ҶڵϣβûվɨܣַӡѾƻһ˿ʱڳ˿
ҶµַӡȻǿҲǲƣԸǵķΧȻ̫㣬ʵҶͿԳͻΧˣΪԷһֵڣȷ˷ӡѾƻһ˿˿©ӡ˵ͬʧЧ
ڿ϶Լܹ뿪ҵʱȻٹʾˣ
ҶһεĴӵʱư¶ŨŨĳ֮ɫ㻹ǿ㣡
ҶԹԵϵĻҳÿһεĴϵƾͻһ֣ƺѾĸɾ֮󣬲ֹưս˶ǲȻɫ
Ϊ˿̵Ҷղȣֱ֮
ղŵҶȻչ¶ҲǿϢڣѾǿߣߵϢ
ѪѹɽܵǿɱǴλΣ۳һ㱡ڱ塣
Щɱư۾Ȼʹ֮С
ҶʾʱҲǸͬܣλɱ˵ͱһӵɱˣ˿ȻǺޱȫͷ˳
ưôʱ䣬㻹ûɱңʵ̫ʧˣԣϷýˣ

Ҷ£֮ѾһѪɫ棬֮Уһֻ˶ޱȵĲףһ˫ɱ˫ۣĶư
Ƶĳĵ֮£ưȻһҲ֮Ѫ
Ҳ֪ǲǣԸǴ´ˡ
Ҷ˫֮һ̫ͼͬһ㣬֮ϵһ㣬貶Ŀͬת޴ޱߣֱӽưȫǣá
ͬʱҶӰҲưߣ̧˿Ѿһֻצݺ˺¡
ưܣͷϵ̫ͼȴǽס֮£֮Ȼ͹ͬһ⵶׼ҶƣҲڿٵͱ
ʵ˵Ҷʾưûʩչȫʶ˲ԾŴæȫ֮Ȼȫ㿪סһ
ꡱһצͻδܽư˺ȴҲӲקһֱۣѪĽ
𣡡
ҵʹϵĳ裬ưһŭ֮ϵĺڹâеľ޴ӰͻȻư塣
ȻһȴӲĽĺȫѹƣһմͭĴӳưͷ
ưľҶǴŲмƾ㣬ҲԳħ񣿡


1698 
ҶɱưģͷȴǸı⣬ΪܾưѵħԼһЩϵưƵ꣬վưڡ
ͻתڿе˶ʱĿɿڴղлΪһҶת֮侹ȻʹռƵưʰˡ
ưʧҶȻ̧ͷ˫ֱ֮񷣬ƺ͸ǲ󷨣˵ϣ˲ͷһ
һҶٲɣ򿪽ɫ˲ţ˽ȥ
˲ŹرյһɲǣҲ֮ȻҶڹưܵķӡ
ɫ֮࣬˸ɵĿ¹󣬲ûʧȥΪ侲̴ȥҶɱưеƽˣ
˶٣ŵĳѸ£⣬˵ǾѪѪ
ȻҶߣҵգϸ˵ҷǵû˿ʧװ׶õƽһҶ֣֮ɱưΪĺѩһǿС
ԭҪϽɵƽҲǴ׬׬ˡ
Ϊ󻼣ҲϧҶѪѪϢɢ˳ȥһ֪ҶĴʲô
غܵЩǰҶղѪҺʱҲĻȻ󲨡
ʲôѪѪļٵģǿǴ˵ǿѪ
пܣ㿴Ѫɫ棬Ǳ֮
ȥϧһдۣץסҶˣãܵõģǾ취õѪȻɱˣǵòģҲõ
ѪѪǿǿѪټƽƽĻպ˭ܹĶ֣ҵҶɱۣδɳ֮ǰ䳹׶ɱ
ָ˲ͱ˳ȥǸҲ׷׶ʼ뵽˶ҶѰҵС
еҪŵҶеȴõѪѪֻΪպܹһǿĵˡ
Ҷո˲ţһ˲ţһɽѾ
ֻһֻ޴ޱȵĺɫƣԻһĿֲҶͷȫ֡
ص˲䱬ҶԼʲôطޱߵ̳𣬷Բ֮Ѿһ׵ľ޴ԨƵ״
үү𣡡
Ҷ֪˵֮ǱݺݲڽµۣΪ˱֮裬۲ĴǰүүǿϹŶվ۷ϵǿߡ
һϵĵʵӦòôģӲүүĵģѪѪߣ˼ҵҪжǿ
ҶȷûͻȻĹ֪Լܺͳ֮˿⣬ԾԨ֮£ʩչ֮ԶӶݡ
Ԩ֮뿪ҶҪԼ˺δǸոһ¶ͷ𣺡죬ǣ
ﬣ
һľ޴󵶹⣬ڵλ˹
ݺᣬͬ˶һ㣬ں¡УһΪҵ磬ȻԸҶƽ

Ҷ̲ס˾໰ҪصѾˣֱֻ˲ƶܹһâ
ҶΪһιԼˣڿȴˡ
ڵʱҶĻ֪ܣ˵ȴƽԼĸԼո¶ͷͻȻ⵽붼֪ȻҼٴϢ˵ԼƽȻԼ˷˼⣬Ϊ˻ɱĶ
ҶͿʼԼϵģǸƶУ֮УָܹصĹǻ᲻ϵĳߡ
ң֮ˣһ⣬ȫʵߵĿµĸ֣
ͻ֮ҽһһŰݷãҶҧгݵķģֱ˵ɹζĲܰ
һΣҶٴδ˲֮뿪֮ʱȻǰبһǧɳľ޴սǽɫĴ֮⣬ڸ߿֮ϡ
һϵӴϴҶֻҪϹ˳ǣǱ֤˸Ҷһë
˭
ۣ
Ҷ֪Һͷֱ𣬵ؿۣû뵽ԼȻұۿС
ٴ𣺡ҶӲģԺúÿǵĽ飬Ȼڣ㽫粽У
Ҷ۶ŵʱ򣬳ȥ֮ʵﵽ۷徳ǿǣͻȻ׷Լ۾¶Īɫ
Уһ֮ϵ࣬ȻתͷԱߵĹū𣿡
ūϾͷˣūˣս


1699 ޵
ðɣҡûȤ
ҶеҾ޴ս֮󣬶ȻѾ׼õ˲ţС
ͷΪԷǺԼ϶ҲΪƽԼѪѪĿǰ֮£Լ֮⣬޷κˡ
ߣƲԳԷƣ
һߴս֮дţǧɵսȻϢʧ˿УǴδֹһ
ҶԾƴܣǱģΪڻУȻҲԵеǸʱ򣬸ΪɵʦԼӰأ׷ɱ
Ȼ죬Ҷһû֮ߴ˵ǿѪѪӵжƽԸһЩɢޣҲû˿˼ɵ׷ɱ
ڵһǿΪΪܣǿʳĴַĻ֮£õ쾡µķӡ
Ҷ֮£˺ռ䣬ֱӶ֮У
Ȼ֮ͬ˲֪Σգܺùô׷ɱҪȫһЩοһܹٴɫ޷صϣ
Ѫ۶棡
ǲѪе񣬸ݵĴڡ
ɽҶͷҶһһŵҩʼԼܵơ
˫ǿٶȣƸֲϵ͵ϮǵĿĺһ£ɱҲҪ취ŪһѪԿ֪ҶѾǧٿס
Ψһеοľ˿֮ѪԼԸճޣûһ˵С
һˣҶһ߶޴ڵĸΣգĿİĻʱǽá
ſ۾Ҷ¶һ˿Ц֮ǰɴûԼһ쾹ȻᱻƲص֮ܵˣ
ߣңμңƼңۣǵţƱҪǸѪĴۣ
ҶóƽûȸǷãǾԼȷһԿĻһʲôΣգԼӦӦĹ
ΧΣķգֵطչȻھʱغΪ飬ڵѾͶ·ˡ
Ľƽ˿УҶʼԼƽ֮ޡ
ƽڼһ˿ůҶڣͬʱҶԺ֮о͸ֳ档
һ춯صĴսƺǷ֮УΧž޴ǳţ򷢹⣬һǺӴ޾Զ£һƬƬڻƶбóƻõ֮ɫ
Ҷս˫ò޷ֻܿһѪŵǿ顣
ǿĿ£һ̤£ǳѹɷۣһȭǺӳ׸ɺԣһһ֮䣬ƬƬ嫵ƶǵĺ

Ҷ֪Ⱥǿ϶
ֻǸ߸ϵ񣬲ӵ˿µֱѾ
ֻǣ֪սĶ󾿾˭ĪҲһȺ
ֻһĻ棬ûУȻܿǵĳࡣ
ҶͬһһⳡƵǾս֮ߣǳ𣬿ǿ࣬ĵ𵴾䡣
Ҷ˵ʱѾʧȥã֪Ƭս֮˶Զ֪˶䣬ѾֹˮƽĿΧһС
ȴͬƽãƬսסֻ֮ԼܹһУͻԼӵе֮һ¥
Ҷһڴǳ֮ϣǿֻаƴСģ֮ܳΪǳʯͷͨתɢǿеһУԼϣ׳Լ
ĵлĵѵҪ˼𣿡
Ҷĵ˵ͷӦðɣ˼άڵģҲĿģΪúܹ͸
˳˿ڳĻԻҶ뷨Լδ͸ַͨ׷ѰӵѪĺˣȥ͸
ǲʵ飡ԣҶƽ˼
ֻϧֻ֮£ҶֻܰԼ뷨ȥȥ
ģҶԼڲϵССֱޣǾ֮Уֽӵʶʼ𽥵
Ḷ́ҲǴ֮д޵еĳ֣
ʵ統УںԪ֮µҶɽ֮ϻâ
ЩâȻԪҲ޷赲ֱӴԪı֮еЩ硢סȵȻӶȥ


1700 һ⺮
ҶͷųĹâȻǣǷ絶磬纣ףԼ˹
һ̣ɽȻʼ˾ҵ𵴣ƺԼˣ򲻿ɽЩܹصΣ
ƾɽ𵴣ҶȴǺֱ׵ڵ塣

壡
䣡
壡
ﬣ
壡
һյĲ˿ȫĳִڣҶڡ
ȻЩΣն֮£Ҷȴˡ
һ˺һе֮ⴵϮ֮άڲϱýգӶ
һԺصĹ֮пڲѣɫڵ⣬ϵĴǿЩǸӵļͣ
һƬƬԱĺѾҺ壬Ѫ֮бʣѪܸӴִ󣬿ɸѪҺ
֮ҶȻеһдڣģ
ʵҶƽƽҩЧ֮£֮սΪý飬Ϊƽĺ壬֮·
·ԶƽҪӵĺΰҪӵĿҲӵңԶ
Ϊ֮·
ǲϻǳǲϵлСݣһеһУҶжǵ
ϵ£ģһнԵ
뷨ĳ֣֪ΪʲôȻҶӿһãͼʧĸо
ⲻҵĵԭȵĴҵĵںη
ҶȻӽһ⺮
֮£ոյǳʼ޾ӵӿʼɺԣõƿʼ˺ѣеһж˲仯ΪУ
·ص˺ʱֻ޾ĺڰƬڰУȴͻȻһ㣬֮ģһƬ
ϸ֣ᷢȻ۳һ
Ԫ
ҵĺɽҵĵ
Ҷþȫ仰֮Ƭž֮ͻȻһ졣
Ԫը˿˲棬âһһڣ֮ѹǧ棬۳Ĵڣһ㣬һ㣡
㻺ζӴͽһΪ
ʱҶƬ֮УȻˡǲһ죡
һƬĵ纣Ӹߴ£˲ͽҶΧ
Ҷɲ֮ʹ״̬֮ѹ̧ۿȥг˷ŭΪղţѾԼĴ֮·ԽԽԶٸ㹻ʱ䣬ܹĴɹ
Ǹʱ޵£ƬеĴȫҲĽ¡
һУͻȻٸˣ
ҲǲɱģΪķʽͻþõȻҲ٣
Ҷ죬ͬеʱ䣬һ궼Ȼ٣ȥĻúܶɱĳ嶯
٣Ҷ˫ֶȻʼƶƶĹ켣УĿһĺۼǲҶԼĵеĴ
û취һûдɹһ޷չֳԼĵȻ޷ӹ׷ɱ
ˣЩĹ켣Ҳ԰ȺۣΪƵǣ֮£һ羹ȻƵı仯֮ϣδͨѨλ֮ϣ
ħ죬Ѫһŵڴ˴Իеޱȵ𾪺ԺΪҶȻ֮ͨѨλ
ѪսĹһǾԽ󣬴ͨһѨλҪӵӴ֣ħǵȾž֮ˣҲδܴͨеѨ
֮Դڴ֮Ҳչ֣֪̺ĵ֮ĿֲҶܹͨѨλҪùǧ򱶡
¡¡
޾ը죬ɺҶڵ֮£ȴǳһ׳ޱȵĺɫ
ÿһĳٵһƬ磬ϷĽ֮¡
ʮʮֱʮ
ܹʮڿз裬ǳɵ壬ޱȵצֲ죬˺ſе硣
ҶϵѾֻȼȻÿһǿޱȣǶڵҶ˵ûʲôвοⲢһĴ٣ֻǾС١
Ҷվ֮Уͷʮɫ磬ɽ֮꣬Լ꣬ͬȹͬӽ֮УǸԼٵϴ
ܹͨʮĸѨλˣϧȻֻܿʮһӣѪĿͬҲҪܵĴһҪ㣡


1701 
Ҷ޾֮УԼһɱ䣬ͬʱҲƽɹͬĺѩ߹һ֮Ѫÿͻһνƣܴĺôֱ޷ġ
ѪҺڳʱǿս߿Դﵽʮ屶
Ҷڵʵʮ屶սٽӵеĸĵرԼϻĺһս
κ˶ģһո궼ûеҶȻӵ˿Ժۼһսʵ
֮⣬˽⵽˼ԴѪս涫ڸĵãԱһ£Կ϶Լѵ֮ѪĻôλ񣬱ȻѪ۶棡

ǸͬǿյڣһӰٴγ֣һǳ֮ϣˣѾͻƵһˣ٣ʵ˴ȵ
ȻǸƽɣ𣺡ŶǲǺԽǿڷսлȥĿܲԽ󣬶ˣսʲôʱʼ𣿡
ȵĹ֮л뿪̿
㲻˵ҵˣĹͬһµڣ֪ûܻ뿪ˣȥɣĲ
л˿佱·֮¡
ȵӰ뿪֮󣬲ɣٴ𣺡ڣ˵ϣ·ߣ
һߣǿ֮УǳȻ˲ը촷ۣ޾涼˾ҵĲָֻƽ

ȻҶѾԼʵ飬֤ƽЧԣϻʣĿƽȻԸǷˡ
ֻڿ˺ܾ֮󣬻Ǿ뿪գѰȫĵطΪǻϾ֮УҲȽϵĺɽκε⡣
Ҷ뿪գܲңֵλȻλں֮ϣһâǰһţţâԸٶȷ˻
һ˷ܵĴЦ𣺡Ҷ㣬̫ˣƽѪȻԹ־ܣҾ㲻
һλŲȷɽˣܡáƬ֮ڲϵѲԭܹҶϣû뵽׼뿪ʱҶȻˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦͷõģ͸㣡
˵֮Ҷ˹ָһѪ˳ʱɴ۾кε¶̰֮ɫͬʱлֵĵ㻹ʶʱұ֤һȥܹ֮ס⣬ӡ
Ļ£ҶͻȻһ˦磬ǵѪ̷ɵ˶ԷüģͬʱҶָ黮˿֮һɵѪڿз裬γһŹֵ֡
Ѫ飡

Ҷ³֣ǵεüĴѪȻ仯ҶдǸŹ֣һѪ⣬ֱûü֮УһҽС
ҽҲȻֹȻ˱ͬľͷһ˿Уü֮ȴǿʼ䶯
ۡһ죬һŽɫĹâüȻһѪһɫꡣ
ҶһѾͽץУѪ漣ľȻָϵ˿ڣ˿ڿϡ
΢һۣҶһЦμҵˣܺãҪأ
ѪҶոմ֮Ѫ򵽵սѪΪ䣬ÿֶвͬĹܣʩʵӰ죬ЧҲͬ
飬Ƿӡ꣬ʱס꣬ҿԷֹ֮µĽƣһ̽꣬̽Ϣʵô̫ˡ
һѾը壬Ҷڿٵɨ֮Ҳһ⣬Ѹٵһжȥ
ӶԷҶѾ֪Դ֮󣬸ΪץסʱĺټĻҺ򻮷Ϊɸ򣬸ͬѲӣһȻμҸ
պЭ飬ĸĸҶôҪϢٶȴݸͷ̰ģͬһҶ֮뵽ĵһͷ˽ƽҶѪ
ˣֺҶȫ
ȻЩѲӵ·ߣҶȻܷĶ㿪׷١
֮⣬֪˵ȽҪϢһǳ֮⣬͵ؿҲ뵽ѰУ½֮Ҳ֪Ĵڡ
ϢҶ⣬ͷȻ棬˴֮ʵӦ൱ܱһ־⣬˭ܵõƽԼ֮Ѫô־ƱؽᱻƣǶԼǾġ
ҶΪǵڶϢǾǷս


1702 ƽ
ϧǣ˵֮УûиĹڷսҲ֪ʲô˼һԤУսԼӦϢϢء
ҪҶԤУڷ˵ʱ򣬶ڼΣգͻףڴ֮·ߵĸԶԤҲӵǿ
ףҲãͬڵķ룡
սʲôˣðǷƽǵʵٿɣ
ȻѾ֪˸Ѳ·ߣҶջѡ˵½ǧһ˿ںɽ֮£ȻŽ˻硣
ΪܹõɸԵƽҶϸĽԼĸ˵˳˵һʱ򣬹Ȼ˳̲ס㵱ʱ뷨Ǵġ
ʵ֤ҶΪͻƾҪȷʵǴģ˭뵽뷨ȴţ벻Чأ
˳ѣҶֹͣ˽˵λǵĻԵԻԼȥɣ
֮صı򣬱˵ľֻΪο˵ľΪĻп߻ħ
˵֮ҶͳĿƽѾ˴мѡ
ĿǰҶߣ˴маǡѩ衢ɷ硢ǳݺս߸ǵҩֻĿţգǡսѡƽѩΪǷ򸾶ˣһռˣֻܷ
ǳֱӰ֣˵Ҫ
ڽǳݵĴм䣬˵֮ѪҶֻ˵ǿսԳħĺˣϸҶҲ
ȻǳݾܾҶҲǿ󣬶Ҷ֪֮ԽǳݲҪƽΪȫͻ
սѡƽҶ΢΢üΪʥս죬ʱϿеһԱãðյΪսȴ˵Լȷоĳƿ״̬Ҫͻơ
֮£ҶȻֻͬ⣬ȴעص㣬սϣκε⡣
˸ѡһ̷ƽʼͻ
µʱǺȺѣÿ˵϶˷֮ɫȻɹͻջźǣȻδܴ٣Ҳ˵ȻǴڻľ硣
˵֮·Լ٣ҲпͻƵģרķ˵һܵӰʵ̫ˡ
ҶĿɫ԰׵İһۣȻвû˵ʲôѾ˳֪˰ΪԼԸһ飬д⣬һ꣬ԼҪһһҪ磡
ս죬һµʱڻԼ٣ȻûҶô̬ȻҲǾ٣ҪֲĶ࣬ҲʵǴ˵ϡ
ս컹Լɹɹ٣ʽΪˡ
ڸеοͬʱҶҲԼһͽܣɣԴڵĺӣ֪ںη
ɣҶ̫ĿǷϧвֻܵȵպлֲˡ
ҶϸѯĸͻƵḶ́Ȼÿ򵽵ĶһҲһǲô˵ⶼǸǸѡĵ͸ߵ·ĲͬĽٴĿǰǺõģ
ˣ裬磬ҲżѾ֪ƽ䷽һעռϣƳһЩƽʱ򽻸Ƿá
ƽһ䣬˳ѯҶһ׼ôҶȴ˵˷ս顣
˶ҡͷû˵ֻаüͷ˼Ƭ֮󿪿ڵҵĴмеᵽһЩսʵ൱һԡ
ԣ˶Ǵ󲻽⣺˭ƶĿԣݺ͹ʲô
ҲǺֻ֪սܿһ죬ΪǷսֵȻƶԵˣӦþЩ߸ϵˣ
ķĴУλʱҲһλ԰ܹ֪ڷսһЩϢûʲôֵġ
ֻ仰˵УȴͶһʯͷ
һ죬Ϊ
ʵ̫ջˣ
˿Ϊʲô
Ҳǰÿ˵Ĵ𰸶һ֪Ĵڣ֪ʱ֮ڳЩﶼǳĿǰյ㣬ǳΪ
ֻǣΪĹ̽Ϊͼѣͬǧľţܹߵһ֮١
ȻھȻͻȻһսһӵκ˿һ죬ΪĿԣ⼸൱һͨݾ
һ̣ÿˣҶڣˣ


1703 
ڽҶڵжȥҺͬһ׷ɱĳ޵ģҲĪķսȴֽȵĸоԼҪڷս֮ǰԼҪ飬ʱͷ
ȻЩƺ׷ɱֻܹǵùˡ
Ҷû뵽ոմӵʱ򣬾˲ǰһһΣһֻɫľƴŻһеǿͬһ㣬Ҷ֮ݺݵİ
ϴȫһĹʽҶɲǸʱҶ
ȻͬͻأҲͬǿ󣬵ֻư֮ǰѾռ˲ƣƱǵķΧ
ʵռ˲ƵľҲٴӣԾƴ죬Ծɿɱܿ
䣡
УҶղǿ棬Ѿһ״ľ޴Ԩס
ͬʱһŨŨ𣺡үүȻοǧˣ
Ҷ֪̾˶ԷݣԼݺݲȵ޵ۣȻϴζԼҲμˡ
ҶǺ޵˹½ʬҲѽͷ֮ޣ˵棬Ҷͬһһݺݲڽ£ݳ裬֪öòϴˢĸɾ
ʵμҸ򣬶һμĪʧ٣ȻǲµҶΪ۾үүͬ£ٴǰɱҶ
ҶͬҲŸпԼΪ˰ɲŽѵۣȻȴǶ𱨣ҪԼϾɱ
ҡҡͷҶ˦еЩ뷨Լ˵ϣ˶۸ˣԽ˲ڽ£ֻҪһ㣬ǱǿǿͿΪΪԲں˵ĿԼ
ǵģҪҵĵҪԼκ˶뵲ҵ·
ҶȻתڵλô󲽵˹ȥǣû˿ԥû˿ΣȻҶԼ֣ôҪѪĴۡ
۵ӰȻӰ֣ĽкҶȻû̫ˣ֪ʧٵʱ䣬ݷǱڻŻˡ
۵վһͷ׵ߣҶĿϲɱ۵үүοһλǿߡ
ҶЦŵǵģһˣҲĻ˭أ˭μأ
Ҷ˰ɣΪ㻹ɱ𣿻μңǴԲѣ۷Цϳ˲м
ۣ
һѪϵЦݣԶĶסˣֻЦ֮жһŨŨĿ־𾪣ΪԴѾ壬߸ߵķ˿С
ˣ
۵üѿһ⼤дţүүң
˿ֻ֮޾Ŀ־壬ֱ޷ţԼǿүүվߣҶȻܹɱԼ
οҲסˣ˵ʵעȻҶϣǸղҶĳٶ֮죬ȻûüӦıȴѾʬ׷롣

οһһɫӳ۵꣬ΣԼ
ͬʱгһǹٶȿ쵽˼£һת۾ҶߣǹһһХ޺𣬱ֱĴҶ
ҶѪҺȼգܣӭųǹֱץȥȴǽճȭŷ֮ݺݵοԴ
ˣ
ǹתǹ֮ϼɫ绨ӲĽҶƸ𿪣ͬʱǹסҶȭͷ
¡
ͬը죬ǳײϹѪâֱԾ
οͬκһ𾪣ʵ޷ҶȻǿ˵ĵز
ʵȥǲʤʵҶûչֳϻ״̬Ѫ֮ڵĵڶƽδʩչѾͶԷƽ֡
֮ҪΪҶҪο֣ԼոյЩսܹõĥĻᡣ
˴ϴ򵽵£ӵ´򵽺Уȭȭ죬ǹǹƿգֱΪ֮ɫ
ͻȻ䣬ҶϵѪɫ澹ȻΪʵȵĸΧƬĺˮ˲仯һա
Ѫ֮ĵڶʵ治ǵӰʵѪ¶ȣ
ȻҶ˵ֻֻǸõĻս˲
Ѫ飡
һѪγһϵķţǶοüģ׻һ㣬
ҶֱӳԷ꣬ҲĸĿģλﵽǿߣڷս˽϶Ҫӵϸ


1704 һ֮
Ȼڿ̽ο֮ем֮ҶڷսѾһŵ˽ˣ˽ȴ˿
̧ͷҶԾɱһŵ۵꣬˿̵ѾɪɪȻ˼¡
үүҶɱˣȻ֪ԼûдȥĿˣҶҲʵúϻˣԭһģǵرԸʵǸ󻼣ԸɴĽը飬׵Ľ
οϵĶѹһ֮Ҷٴ˸˵ĵط˻磬ԼõйطսϢϸĸˡ
սʲôʱʼֵģѾ˿֪ˣһεķսֵʱʮǰ
˵սȷһһĽݾ·ϸûнݾνĽݾȻˣΣճ̶ȴԶԶʤѭ浸صС
򵥵˵˳˳ˮһʱ䣬ԳΪôڷսУֻҪʱͿ
Ȼʱڣʱ޿̶飬вĺ˵ߵҲһܿ϶Ϊеıʵ̫ࡣ
˵սЩ߸ϵǣΪ̫ĶٰһοԣһϷκˣÿһ죬Ƿ˶ʸμӡ
еǷմ˵е·òμӷսˣ뵽ĳض磬ȻּͨĿ飬󵽴ľ硣
ڿݣǰ࣬Ķ֮⣬иָ󲻵Σա
ҲЦƣսʵϾΪ·׼ܴӷսӱһôʸ̤·
֮һ仰μӷսǾһ֣֮
սΣգȴܶ˵ע⣬Ͼչݾ֮󣬹Ȼòܵõĺôȴ޷ġ
ôüΪǿȥĶ֣ᱻĲڽ¡
һôԪܹӣѾ˥࣬Ҳͻļޡ
ͳһ㣬Щ޽ϹŶ˵ʵջ
սУһжпܣ
߷գ߻رȻܹˡ
οļأϴεķսȻʱ̫ԶǲμӵΪλգںʱʮķս֮Ҳ˳ɹУΪǸ߸ϵ
񣬷սȻٴοֻ֪˲μˡ
˵ģҶǰЩ˵°ĪڣȻҪμӷս
ȻҶĲȥȴҲ֪θıǵ뷨ֻܿ˳սô
˳Ѿ˼ãҶѯʣ̧ͷüͷҲǺҲսһıҲһݾڶĸ˵УҵǱȽڣսΪ·׼
Ϊʲôô˵˶ǲ⣬˳νս·ϵһġ
˳Ҷʱ䣬ϴηսʱѪ֮ħ˰ɣǺħ۴ȴǱ·ڣԣ᲻ҲΪμ˷սȻŽ·
ⷬ˵Ҷвһȷʵпܣڻʱʦ߹Լ·ôɣ·֮ǰսȻһˡ
ܷսıһʵĽݾҶ֪Լǿ϶ҪμӵģڱˣȻҶϣǲμӣȴҲÿֹ
ߵЩˣûһߣÿ˶Լ·ǾҪôߣҲǵɣʵûɣҲûʸȥ档
ңЩ֮⣬Ҷ뵽ҲԻд˲μӣ޽Ӱأ̫ϹȵȣЩ˾ֹҲв
ڣΨһϣľ˽ҲڷսΧ֮ڵĻԼˣǧҪΪҪԼ޷˵̤·
ˣ˵ЩˣϾս֪ʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰǻæǵ飬ҽȥݷһңҽɽ㣬պãкԪ㣬Ӧܹܴ֮ѹһȥɣ
ȻЩ˶μӷսôҶ޷ֹ£ֻܾܵİʵѰǵĻԵԣĹ֮УԲٵˡ
ڴ֮ǰҪȥңҪ˳һȥϾ˳Ǽ̳ʦеĴУܹõķֱҵݡ
ʦеĴˣôҶţңλֱͬһʦֱȻԼʲôҲһЩϢҲһЩ


1705 
ңΪһսֵ̫ǿ֮Ѫûоѵļ壬ȴҺռһϯ֮أΪǺų㴫ˣͨŶݼףҸó֮
δ֪׵ΣͷΪģҺ֮ڼ޴ڵȴֿĸ󷨣ô֮У޷ѣˣͷҲһɵ
Ҳ֪ӵеЩǳưԻҺƫһѾ㣬ҲûʲôҰģδķзҶƽҲ⡣
֮ѪûУҪƽ֮Ѫкأ
ˣҲһ鸺Ѱ򣬵ȴģֻûµʱתת߸ѡ
Ȼû뵽ǣڽ죬Ѳӵ֮ˣȻĿڻҺͷҶ߻һòŵӡ
ԥҪҪ֪ͨ˵ʱҶѾǵǰϴЦݿżɽĵҶðǰҪݼһҼ
˵ʵҶ˵ֱӣҵһҶҪȴǸеΪѣʱȻһԵ˳ֱǰ˫ִһֵơ
ƣ˵۾ʱɴ˼ޣ¶˼֮ɫ嶼΢΢Ĳ
ҶȻ˳Ƶ˼ӦǴʦһҳ˵ķӦǵȷӦúĳֹϵ
Ƭ̵ĹҶ˳ǰͳʮˣΪ׵һʿ磬ˣμã
õĿûпҶֱֱĶ˳ϣһ
õ˫ֺȻҲٽĳƣ˳΢΢һЦٴֻ̧ƾͬһڳһһƣչһĽ̸
ȻҶеʦܣ治ŵĶԴ˿ֻվһԣ˵ġ̸
Ҷע⵽ˣϴλ׷ɱİŮ˿Ȼһ£վõһ֮ϲ˾֮ɫĶ˳˫֮˸Ĺʡ
Ҷ׳ȻǲΪصŮӵĿ˼ĪĻһܹĳͬ
˳֮佻̸սǣҲںδ˵˳ֱֱİȥĵðݼ
ݴˣҼǰʦܡ˳μ㵽Ҷ󣬲ҴĻ

ڿУ̧ͷĴ㵣ʱĿǿҶ
ͬʱ˳Ҳղ̸֮ݸҶʵҲǰĴˣϵǵȷܹǰĶݣ׷ǰһʱ䣬ǳӴ֮Ϊ˱ұ㽫Լ㴫ˣеڻǰλ
˵˳Ҳ˼ֳ羴мǲ¶ˣ֮Իᶨڴ˴Ҳǰŵģ
Ȼ˳ûнĻ˵꣬һ仰ѾˣΪҶѾĵ֮ʦҪôţȻ㵽Լгһջˡ
򵥵˵ʦֹȴԼĵ
Լλʼδıʦ֣ҶͶˣ˵ʵδƷ죬δܽʦħ·ϾȳҶе벻ͨ
Ϊ˱ԼݣҶȻչֳѪѪ֮ƣһУòȷٴζҶȥ
ֹˣڣҲȫڼڿУֻ΢΢Ȼе㲻⡣
λ𣡡
Ҷһһɺ嫵ȴֱӽйȥȫͳһ㣬Ѿķڷ
Ҷ˳˽أҲͬҲסںףǷֱס֮ϡ
ҶӸ¿ʱͻȻˡһͬʱҲ΢΢һָ࣬ʮּȴ˵
Ե˳ôˣĿ˳ҶָȥʱȻҶķӦȫһһ½г
λ˼ķӦ˶ĪȴҲѯʡ
ǵȻ֪Ƕӵ״Ͽʥޡ
ȸ׻䣡
Ҳ˵ǰҾס֮أֱС棡


1706 ҵ̬
ȸ½½½׻½
Ҽסȸ½֮ϣ
Ҷ˳ȸ½ǵĸǵļңȻܹϤľ󣬿֪ǵˡ
Ҷ˿ипǧ治֪ʦеΪ֮Ϊ֮ƫƫҰڡȸ½֮ϡ
Ȼλþ͹һȻ󣬶󣬱Ī⣬ҲΪʲôóȻԭ
˱˴˶һۣûж˵ʲô͸õ̤ˡȸ½
ãϵĽͲãȸ½û˿ϵˣȻĻҶ˳ܷ
һ·֮ϣöһǫ̬ȣ˽ҵǳ˸мͳ羴ŶԴҶǣҲ⣬еִĸоŪҶе㲻˼Ͼʲôûȫʦµĸ
ң֮÷ҪҶ˴˿һ֮úȻ˶˳ȥֻλϡ
ţôӻͳһ龧ʯ˫ŹĵݵҶǰҺ֮дͼԼЩ˲ǰķԸȫҲҲǰ񣡡
Ҷ䡱һ¾վǿ龧ʯζ˵ĻѾҳһƬ
ʵõĻ⣬򵥵˵ĿǰӵеһУǰΪҶźõģĿģҪ͸Ҷ
Ϊʲô
ãҶ³֣Ȼǿ龧ʯҡͷҲ֪
ʦֵ굽ô˵ġ
ǰ˵ˣ󣬿ܻʦǰǸʱһѡ񣬵һ֣Уڶ֣ѣ
˵ʵңμǰⷬе⣬ΪȻǰʦˣȻҲҶˣôܻΪأΪǰǻ壬ڣˣĻǿѾǵˣ
ָ˳˿̵˳Ҳڵͷ˼̧ͷ΢΢һЦ
ȷҶҺҪ׷ɱĶ󣬾ҲΪУƣǲòˣҿҶƵ˳˳űΪеĿܡ
ɴ˿ɼŲߣǵеֲͬǵˡ
ʱ˳ʵѣΪʲôҪҵһж͸أ
ǰ˵ѵĻǶԴ̬ȣҵδ
˳˵ͷ¶Ȼ֮ɫҶȴԾһͷˮĿ˹ȥ
ʵڻոտɴѪʱҾһ뷨
ʲô뷨
Ȼ۹ܹ鲼죬ΪʲôѪأҵ뷨ҪѪһҲͬ۹һÿһ죬˽ÿһ綼֦ɢҶ
ҶסˣΪѪˣɴû˳뷨ڻ촴ѪҲֻΪܵʦӰ졣
˳룬ǰӦҲ뷨ԣŻָ㲼⴦ʣΪľΪѪ
Ȼǰҵ̬ȣǰŲߣһӦҲ޷ȫ͸ǾģҲ޷֤ҾͻһסĶ飬ֻģɵһ仰ζ㣬ҵδ
ҵı֣Ѿֵ˵ǰûпˣҵδʵҲӡѪ֡
˵ҶڻȻˡ
˳ķûֻƴԼԼṩôԼңҲƼˮ֮Ժ¶ûлټ棬ȻҵδԼҲû˿Ĺϵ
ҽһж͸ԼԼƺֻнһ;ôȻҲͳΪѪһԱǵδԼȻǽ
һҶֽӹеǿ龧ʯлҾȴ֮ˣ
ʱҲǳһеһʯˣⷽס꣬ȴľǽʱ̣
Ҷûл˿ԼĸݵأҶ˾ʯ̺һ֮𾪵Ѿ˵ˡ
ɵ֮£Ȼһ󣬶󣬶Ҷ˵ʵ̫ϤΪ纣ģħ첼óֻͬСġ
֪𣿡
֪ǰԲµģҲҽأûС
õĻشҶжȻ֪֮Уʦп϶Լʲô


1707 ǰĹ
ǰϤĴͱ鲼ĵѪ֮ƣҶ鲻Խ硣
߰ɣʦָʲô
Լʦֲµ֮УҶȫصĻΣգԺ˳̹ȻС
˳һһߴܣвϵķп֮ǰϵԴﵽľ磬ԭ󷨻ãҴ۽磬ǴĹ֮һҪչһӡ
㣬סҶû
һ·ͨ󷨵ģȻûмʦָԼµĵʲôҶȴѾˣ˳ҲЦݵĵͷȻʯ
û󷨵֮֮ӡһʯȻҲҶ˳ӿԿ϶ȷ⽫Ѫĸ
˾һ֮󣬾ʱǲҪ⿪󷨵ķӡ֮ΪҪ￪ɣѪҪǱҪƬҺ֮еĸȻĻܻܿΪҺѪɱ֮
ͷ֮µЩ̸ӵǾ޴в
˲ɫ뿪Ҳûи˴еסһʱ䣬ϸ˽Ŀǰľơ
ʱ䣬Ҷһ£ҴСأûµ˳ܣҵָɣ˳޷ҵĽڡ
ԴˣҶûʲôоҲȫûзϣ˳ô룬ֻԼ֪ˡ
һ֮Ҷ˳ǰĹ
ִҪ˸棬ΪѾ֪Ҷڻ죬ĵ϶ϤȻҶû͸¶Ҫȥģ·ܹҪʡȥ鷳
ҪҶܾΪֳɵ򵼣˵Ĺ֮УɽˮΣأɲϣ޹ɥ
ΣգҶҲѾǵˣȻĹλĴ½ǻҺĸͷڴ½֮ϱȻҲצǿ˺Լһ𣬿»Ըҡ
֮⣬Ҷ֪Ϲ壬Ѿһ۹ڶǵˣӦѾ֪Լ飬˵úһŴڵȴԼ
Ҷ˳ͻ˻磬Լһ·С˲ƣķ֮ã뿪˺ƽ̤Ĵ½
ʱŽմ˳ҲػعȻǸпǧҲ֪ҪҵĹҲϻȻʵУ޾֮ѹҶİ£ҶŰԴȥ
֣ĹǸʲôڰ
֪˵ʵ˴峤֮⣬ֻ֪Ĺǵĸȴ˭ҲûۼĹԣμҺ·ҲҪһҵĹȻҲпҲ
յĻشʱҶˣСĹǣȻ֪Ĺľλã
һ·֮ϣҲһЩ͵ĳ򣬴һЩϢΪĹ֮⣬ҶŶźӱˮԼİ˵䡣
Ȼһȴһԭ֪˭ɢһϢսڣڱɽ֣ɽҲĹԼԴ֮أѾвűɽȥ
սջĺܴ󣬲Щé®ˣǱչصϹŶǣڷսǳڴ˶μӡ
ҶеѵЩֻ˷սܴǵĺôȴսΣ
˵ģЩ̤սʱԼֱԼΪеĻôôˣûһԼĶ֣
ȻҶվȻȥֹЩ˵ģֹͬһÿ˵·ԼѡģôȻҲҪӦĽ
ȺűɽӵȥҶ˵ԲǸϢƱػҵĹѶȣڱɽ֮еİԴ壬ȻѾˣǲ󷨺ͷӡһãΪֹҲû˵˳ɹķֻ߽Ĺ
²˳٣˲ٵҲűɽȥ
˵Ҳ֣˾Ȼ޾գһ·ƽ˱ɽĻҶеΪʲôն֪Ĺʲôطˡ
ɽǱ֮ɽ
һƬççȺɽҶӸ£Ҳ޷ɽľͷȺɽ֮еһ޼ʵ֣Ҵ˵䣬ѩǣеĴԭ
˵ˣʥ࣬һƬȺɽ˵Ҳ϶١
յɫޱȣҶɫƬɽ֮гɳģصΣգȴҲԤϵĵģʮȥˣ춼˷츲صı仯֪ٵΣգԣ֮һСġ


1708 ɽ
ҶҲ֣صĵͷΪѾ֣ޱ޼ʵɽ֮еȷźܶŹ֣Լǿͱ࣬˵ȻһЩΪ˵ķӡټѩ࣬ҪƾУӿѰĹǲʵ飬ֻɽ֡
֪ˣǽɽɣ
ΪڵıɽѾ˼Ŀ⣬֯һ·֮Ҳ֪˶ٳ־ȥѰҷսڵĸ֣մҶһ֪ڡ
ɽ֮վͬ˸һ̰ĺĿϻ¶һ羴֮ɫҼͣע·֮ϣҶǹ۲ΧΣա
ȻһƬĵط˷ָ֮⣬һЩ֮ϣҶȻ˴·
Ȼ·ǳ˵ġﵽһ൱ۼĵزʱգЩͨ
ҲЩ·ĴڣҲýˣķһֳ羴
ǶԵĳݣصľηվˡ
ҶҲڵһ˿˿ĳ羴;ηȴӲĽɢΪⲻԼĵԼҲҪڵ֮£Ҫϡ
֮ʵҲһḶֻ́޵ĲʵʵڵĶģһŲĳȻ֮ġ
ɽ֮еǰٶȲ죬Ϊʮʱȥˣԭȵ·ͱǵĸֲûˣںնòҲ˳һţһƾż䣬Ѱŵ·
ʱȥҶԼ߳ľ벻أҲôߴ٣Ϊպ裬ѾΪȷϵ·˺üˡ
ʱȻһԶԶȻ󣬵Ҷ඼̲סص£ü֮дһĴʹƺҪ˵պˡ
˴˿ɫ԰ףסüģͬһҵš
ƽЩҶ̲סʵʲôôֹǵĸо
˭֪ҲһãȻ֪ǰǴû
ʱȻһƬ޴Ӱ˵ͷӹ˼æ̧ͷֻһֻٳʮ׵ĴͨѩףѩУᱻ֡
Ȼ׼ߵģȴͻȻһ֮ϣҶǿ˹
ֻ񳤵èͷӥ˫۾֮Уȴ͸һаôţ˻̲סð⡣
ҶǴûмҲ֪ʲôޣֻǶĿʵǸе
Ҷ׼ߵʱֻȻһģ˳˹ڡ
˺󣡡
ҶպٵԼȴǳ𣬻һ⣬ӭֻ
ΪƬɽּΪ棬ҶûŪֻ֮ǰҲ޹һȭͣʵûöֻԷһѵ
ȻҶֵͬʱһȻʶȴȻǿ˼Ϊϸ΢һĶ
ڿУҶȻͷ־Ȼһֻ񣬲ͱǰֻС˰ٱѣڴһϢպ裬һţ³һɫ򣬷Ҫ͵Ϯ
ȻտŻǿߵʵ죬һĺҲ׽ɱıУ롣
һ̣ҶףֻһģĳԼСȴǰ͵Ϯ

Ҷʱͷ𣬱δȫȭͷȻеȭƻһݺݵĻ˴ͬʱ֮ҲǳѨӭ
ֻȻΪͨ飬ҶĹ̲֮ΣգȻ˫˫һȶתߣٶȿ쵽˼£˲Ϣڰ׿⡣
ߣ
ֻˣҶߣ˫֮е䣬˫ץסգһ
꣡
ʢŭ֮µҶȻ˿ռ䷨֮ӲŤ˴ҪߵĿռ䣬ƵĴ񷢳һͬռڣֱӱҶǰ
Ҷһץһֻεס˴Ĳӡ
ͬʱҶһһ⼤С
󵨣ſף
Ȼһ𣬽һƿ֮߸Ż˴ɱ
Ҷкһԭֻ˵ģôǶԼ˵ϮҲǱָʹˡ
ΪһָҶʢ˵ĵСӣϽſףôĵӣ֪֪С˭ĳޣҪǵһëСʥȫᣡ
Ȼˣ֪ԼĻѾҶۣ
ǡһΪĹͷ֮Ƭžɽ֮ҶѾӲ˴Ĳӣ


1709 ֮
㣡
ȺŻˣɫʱһƬɷףȻǸû뵽ҶȻĸֱӵɱʥӵĳޣ
䣡
ҶɿƣֻɫʬѾصˤ˵ϣҳһӣһҶһֻ֣ѪʱסСҲ䵽ϡ
ҶЦĿȺ˵ɱˣֻţҪҪȥĻǵʥҰɣ
˵ͬʱҶһֻ߬СֻҪ΢ܽ顣
Ⱥ˵ʵȻȻֻһˣǵӣȻǿеʥˡ
ǱȻҲΪѰҷսڣıɽֻǲֻ֪񹥻ԼˣȺ˵⣬Ǳλʥӵָʹ
ƵԼһԼۣüвԼ
ȺҲڴлعָҶСӣˣʥӵĴ׶ɱ˭ҲȲˣ
žžž
һİȺ˲Ϣ֮Ѿȫ˳ȥصˤڵ£ƾǵʵܹסҶĹ
ҪôҪôԼѡ񣡡
ҶĮĿǡ
㿴ңҿ㣬Ŀȫնսֺ˪Ҷϡ
úúãߣߣţʥӿ϶ģʱ͵ɣ
ݻ֮Ⱥ˼æվͬɥ֮Ȯһˡ
뿪ҶŻصպߣеʵû°ɣ
û£
ǸûвΣյĴڣȻһ¶ûУҶ΢΢һЦеֻС׸㴦ˣ⣬֪ǿеʥ˭𣡡
˿̵СѾҶֶŵ˫Ŀͣëըӵ֮ģ̲סĸҡҡͷҲ֪ʱҲԶӣֱǰ˻졣
Ҷͷ˭ҲûзǼ߰ɣӣĹ֮УҲįˣ
˼ǰٶȱǰҲȷʵ˲٣ƺҲ뾡İҶ鷳ֻ֮£ٿҲ첻ȥ֮󣬾һ󱩺֮ԶԶɱҳ޵ˣ
ΧĴ֮ƬƬҶ֦ͷ䡣
ҶһЦӦλʥӵˣȽͻػ磬֮ٽǻ
պոջص磬ҶͿһϵдգۼԼǰȻһɫս׵ӣ󣬻һ˸ղߵȺ֮⣬мƲӡ
˫۾ĶҶƺҪɱҵĴף
Ҷʼǰ
ҾΪҵĴᣡ
ӼΪϣ֮ʾѾһ㣬һϹֱҶ
Ҷм֮ɫһץȻͽϹģȻһɫķ֪úֲɣϵ绷ƣУӦ̺׵֮
ֻϧҶµľ׵֮ˣ綼׳ܣοŷˡ
һ飬ʱճɻңɢ˿С
һĨȣһŷƵҶ΢΢üѵһɵ
̶ֳȵķԼЧȻͬ
ҶҲö룬һУŷٴηУʱɫһ䣬Ҫֻ֣䡱죬ŷ֮кȻը˿
â䣬ŷըΪˣԲ֮ڵĴȻըΧǴݲʣֻ̳
ӷЦͽֽҵױǲ֪Ķ
λµҲЦĵǣ죬˭֪ʥκֵķ֮˫Сӵù
κЦݣһôˣʵǱˣɱҴףӦýǧУʬΣ
Ȼ̳֮УȴǺȻһ֮ȷʵе˼ûиˣûеĻǾ͸ֵˣ
ţҶѾ˳¾Ȼըױƺȫûһ˺
һ£Ȼֵʥκ˱ˣױǶǳԼֱըеĻ㲻ҲҪƤҶȻˣֱǲܵ£
κȻһ𣺡бٽӣ
£оȻʮɫķһſͬʮֻŵĺһ㣬Ҷȥ


1710 Ѫ
֮Ҷ˵ǽ·Ĳ֮ϣӶﵽá
Ƶ·ʹõķʲͬҲǿǿֱܹӽ֮ȻκƵǽ׵֮ķ
˵ʵڷ֮ҶȻνӴȴκεľ⣬һǿڷ˵ʱѾؼ伸е֮Ҫƾ֮ǴȻĻܡ
ӭһſʮŷȻУǱ˴֮ȴһӣҲ˵ֻҪһŸըУôʮҲӦը
ղױѾҶԲ׶Ϊƽأ֪Ҫʮͬʱըʲôһֺ
ҶȻɵȥһֱըɫƽ˫һѪͻȻָ֮ɳ
ѪѪ裡
ЩѪÿһζͬԼһڿ裬ȴɢһϢĿֲѹ
ΪϸĻͻ֣ᷢÿһѪ趯ȻһĹ켣
ǽѪɰԸڶ֮ʱ
꣡
ܹʮѪҲҶĿǰܹʩչѪļޡ
ʮ׵ĶʮŷһƣǾ͵ڱ˷ֽҲӲ˿á
ʣµĶʮѪԽֱӳκˡ
Ĺ켣Ѫ趯֮չֶͬһ˫εĴֽ˶סǸ޷ܣֻĿЩѪ嵽Լǰ

ҽʱ˷ÿһѪȻͬһذһ㣬ֱǵ֮ϣ͸һѪм
ǵĲҽ£һҽԭЩǵѪ͸֮󣬾Ȼת˷򣬴ǵٴ˶ǵ壬·ɻصҶС
Ѫ˵Ҷ֮Ѫ˵ǵѪÿһζ֮ջԷ֮֡
ȻҶ۾ȴǶȻһΪɻڵѪֻʮΣһΣȻڶĿ֮󣬲δǰҶĿƣǰɶȥ
ĳ˾˰ɣ
ҶаֹԼѪȻԼƿأеŹˡ
ȻҶüëȻһò˶ڰУΪ˵õҵѪ͵͵ĽѪ˰ɣ
ԼǻҺĸǶҶѪƽǴߣȻҶ뿪Ĺ̵вûкͷʵӦܹĳҶټ
뷨Ҷ飬ԲԼѪ뵽Щ֮Ѫ֮УɨһȦǰں˻ߵκ˵ǲҪĻң´ΣǾͲôõˣ
仰֮Ҷ̻һ⣬ԼǿŲѪ֮׷ȥ
κˣڼʶҶʵ֮һʱ֮ﻹ׷ϣֻҧгݵעҶıӰ뿪ˡ
ȵҶӰʧ֮κݺݵĵ֪˭һҪץסǧУ
һ˼æʹʥϢŭȺ۲һҲǲǾ֮Ѫ˸ʤȻӵʵӦѴ
㻹ȥκŵ
ǣʥӣ
ʱһòżϢӿڵκ֣ղ˲˵ɱ˴ףץСͨС׾ܹҵ
˵ӦˣͻȻ֮䣬ҾͶ˺С׵ϵҲ֪ô¡
˵㣬κҲʮ֣Сĳޣ˴˼ͽӦ֮ǾҶʱͻȻͺС׶Ͽϵ
κ͸޾⣬ݺݵĵˣҵõңҲҲûϵӣ϶ҲΪ˷սպǾԻлټģ
Ѫ·һƬɽ֮ش󣬶ҶѪ֮ɳȥ֮Զʱ򣬻ѪҺȻĪһ˿ڵףһǰǵѪҲһ֮ǰͣɢ΢Ѫ⣬ֹ
һ̣ҶȻӿ죬Ȼǿôһξ룬۾ȴѾ֮ϾȻһ˵ʵΪϤ·Ѫ֮ƣ
ȻǵβѪΪ֪Ѫ֮ƵĴڣԲŻҶƿأзɵ
Ҷһٶȣߵô֮ǰԼѪȻǵѪ֮ơ


1711 С
Ѫ֮Ҳ֪Ϊڵʱ̫Զǵ֮˹ûöڿ·ѾܵˣΪԼѪӦ¾ҶߵҲ̫ע⡣
ҶѪ֮ţв²ţӦʦµġ
ʵܹѪ֮ƣҶ֣ΪʦģԼҲһˣݷ˰ԴĴ峤Ѫ֮Ƶ£ϡ档
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷͻ룬ԼոջȥǵѪٴͷ˳һѪѪ֮֮ϡ
ݡһѪֱûѪ֮֮С
ʱѾѪ֮ƶȻһѪ⣬ĿǵѪ·ٵƶӣֱȫ
ǡ
ҶȶǰΣȫ׵׷ʲô飬ţȻԼʦµģôһẦԼ
ˣ
Ѫ֮ƺȻ֮ĸıλãһͷ״ֱָĳͣ
ҶȻһָ·ıǣȻӦǳʦֻ֣֪֮ԼҪԱԼҲĹڣѪ֮ơ
ԭҶڵģΪպ·ٶ̫˽ȵǣһĹڡ
Ȼʦµָ·ǣȻٵЩˡ
ЩҶ˺Ѫ֮ƹһǱԼʦֵл⣬Ȼٵ飬ָ򣬼С
˼֮ҶٴгһѪԼ࣬ΪԼԵѪ֮ƵĴڣѪΪܹʱ׼ȷĸӦ
ҶӰ뿪ǵϵѪ֮Ѫ⣬ȻϨȥȻָֻԭȵӣҪʧ
ҶѪָ֮򣬹ȻڽַѪ֮ƣǿڴ֮ϣΪҲ˹ɡ
ÿڰңҵʮƵʱ򣬺ȻѾƬɽ֣ǰҲ֮ȥһƬѩǵİããȺɽ
𣡡
һ춯ص޺ȻԶңңҶþĿҲ޷ʲôĹ޷ĺС
ҶûżȥѰҹޣͣ˳˼Ϊûв´ĻʦµһѪ֮ƣƲûָ򣬷һյ˼
ѵĹڸˣ
ҶתͷĹˣͬʱͷųԼѾȻûзκε쳣
Сģ
𣡡
Ȼһһ޺ٴδԶһĲҽҶӳ˼оѹҲԥҪҪȥѭķȥ
ӦЩ뱱ɽҪѰҷսڵǣƬɽ֮еޡ
˺ޱߵıɽҪ˵ûһЩʵֲ޴ڣҶţϾļ磬Ƭɭ֮жڵʱ˵ʵǿ󵽿µޣ죬ƬɽĹͰԴ֮أ˶ڣʵʺϸ޾סĴ֮ء
Ҷ׼ȥ˳˵Ŀд̽һϢʱͻȻоԼϴһ󲨶Դڻ硣
ΪԷһҶҲѧһԼ֮У񻭾Ȼ𶯣˵϶ʲô⣬Ҷд󺧣Ҳ˲ˣ˸΢εĵط˻硣
ոս뻭磬ӭͱһȺˣǰľȻһƬܣһƬƿڴ̵СԣˣȻҶҧòҰɣ
Сҧ
Ҷ΢΢һ뵽˺СΪ׽Ī磬˳Ȼһ۾ͿҶĵǣЦŰڰֵû£Ŀǰ֮⣬ûܹСˡ
˳ĻҶʱע⵽ˣ˳·°ھȻһأӶѴжϣӦǱҧȥġ
ֹ˳ǰôˣ˰֮⣬˾ȻˣƶأֻƤˡ
׷ʲô£
֪ڸղţСͻȻˣ˾ҧǻΪ߻ħˣȥҪס˳򵥵Ľľ˵˳Ц
Ҷ̲ס˿ǰȺˣڻĻȻһƴ֮ȻھȻСԸҧ⸱ԡ
ҶԼƺһֱ͹ѵʵԭô£
Ҳ̲ס˫ֺʲЦѵҶȥɣѹȻǹƶñˡ


1712 ʮ
ҶṩʯĪġ簮֮£ʳõСԣѾСţС֮Ҳ˼ѵķɡ
˿֫ŵأ˫Բɣ˶ޱȵ֮вϵĴ֮г׺֮ɫĪڵϣ§׳˶壬ϵϸﰲο
ҶһСԲȫ񣬻֪˺Ī硣
Ҷ߹ȥʱСԸոеƽٴαüҶ֮ȻȻҶ빥
Ī缱æҶȱòײŸոհƽ˵
Ҷ΢΢һЦͻȻſͣҲһͷ֮ϣҲֳһ˶ޱȵĲף˫֮дųɱĿСԡ
һۣСԾȻʱͰһƨ˵ϣԭ׺Ҳ¶η֮ɫ
û취ΪѵĶӣϣʵϣѹСһͷԼԼ׶ɱɱ纣ŰֳСԾٷ裬Ҳ˲䱻ŵ˹
С˫۾оȻᣬĪе㲻ĳҶԹŻʲô
Ҳò
ҶҲҪСôѹȻҲ֮꣬ߵǰ۾ңСԣղôˣ
û뵽СԸȻԴžžડĵᣡ
ҶˣԼĶͷСԣôҲӣڱſ˰ɣ˵磬бҪô𣿡
Ҷ˵ãһ˵СԾȻޣ
ףֱû΢΢֮ϸǾۼһƬټƲʣԼԼ֮е
һҶе㲻ԾˣΪܹоСԴ˿̵ĿޣĵĿޣίĿޡ
ҶҲûʱڿ޸ʹ죬ֻǿдϵСԣˣңôˣ
СƺǶҶҲеη壬ҭҭĵֳˣֳˣ
ֳ
СΪӣֳȻҲӣҶ߳˵֮⣬ûˣСôúõĻ˵ֳˣ
ܲո֪˰ɣ
ڣСԼźһ仰ܸоĵ⸽ֳ꣬ˣˣ
ҶȻվʦµһѪ֮ƣҲǲָյ㣬⡣
ҶҲСԣǽټ˹Լղָ·˵˳
˳ȻڵܽʮڵλôŻ𣿡
㻳󷨣

ҶԼļ䣬ʮƵλû˳˳ſƬ̺󣬺ȻֻһߣʮλȻ󷢳һпȻʮ󡣡
ʮʲô
ҶҲû˵ˡ
˳͵ʮǰµһƣȴûоĲ֮ԾʦҲ֪֮꣬Ҳ֪ԭôõķ
ʮָľʮ򣬷ֱ졢µءϡšλȥδΪʮϤ֮⣬ĸ޴ѭҵеˣ󷨲ǣ˿ռ䷨ǣʱ䷨򣡡
һ˵ȫͷ
Ҫ֪֮յľʱ䷨뿴ƿʱ䷨֮ԴԽŽδǺ˲߸ϵ񶼲һܹȻ˳ĻƺоȻˣʵš
ǲôȣǰӦҲûʱ䷨ֻ֮ǴһߣʮҲȫֻǲȱȫģûзȻĻûˣȻһҲ԰Ӿˣ
˳Լλеĳ羴ʵҲȷˣ֪λǰ¼ģ޲Ƴ籸Ϊˣ
˳ڵǸͼĳλһҲֻ֪ƤëҾͲ˵ˣҲµûĻôʮһ֮бȻʲôӦþѰҵĶԼСԷԭ򣡡
ҶĶλÿһ۵ãңȥ
뿪磬Ҷ˳ָĵص㣬һ·ҵյλãһѾĴȴǿ
ôκ֮Ƭɽе϶ҪСĶ࣬Ҷʱȴ۾һ
һ̣ҶѾУΪڲпյģһֱͨµͨ


1713 ĪĴʹ
Ҷеʱ֮ϾȻɢѪɫĵƣҲҶʱףоȻлأǶݵȷϣȻֻѪһŵ˲ʸ룬ˣܹҲ޷һ̽
һ򵥵ֱµĶڣҶ˳Ŷȥо·ûоͷһ㣬ϵ£ͨ޾
ҶȻѾ֪ʦְŵ磬ȻᵣĻΣգǼӿеٶȡ
ž˰ʱ֮ҶͻȻһᣬܵҪ𣬵ȴܾȻصԼеֻͬһʯͷһصˤȥ
飡
ҶǿˤȻ˫ȵվס̧ͷ׼ԼĶʱȴͻȻ
ΪƬڰ֮УҶͷϷȻһ˫޴۾ڵ
˫۾Žɫ۰׺ɫͫʣ
ɫ֯һΪ˫۾ƽ˼ָ߹ء
˫ɫͫʻɢصĹâֹâȻΪ΢ȴܴ͸޾ĺڰ
Ҷ˫۾ܾ۾ԼĿԼᵽ̺֮һϣԼһȫĸо
Ҷ˫۾ʱ䣬ΧһУԶվ
𣡡
һһ΢ͻȻҶ֮𣬽ûһ飬ʱع
Ȼ΢ȹҶҲˣ֮ԱƽʱҪ˼ַŭͬһ׵һǿɱԼ֮¶˳
һ˫۾Ȼܹŭ뵽ղСԵĺޣҶʵѾʲô
ϵ˫۾һ˫۾ֻĿŽɫıʯǶϷˣȴȻһֿµĹƻ֮
ҶȻ֣ﲢûд֮ѹԥһ֮ȫ˳
ͬҶڣܹʮˣȫվڰ統Уȴû˿ӵͻȻӻ뿪ܶ˶еûзӦֻ˳˼ĿҶһۣǵ˵ͷ
Ҷûż˵ĬĬĹ۲˵ķӦܿ죬˷ͷϵ˫۾һ֮˶̧ͷ˹ȥ
ʱ˾ͬղŵҶһ뵽һ״̬֮С
ȻƬ̹󣬾һׯϵķ𣬰ͬĺһ㣬˶˹˴˼Ҳ̿ʼѯʣղŵ׷ʲô¡
ҶĿ۰ȻſڵλȻﲻĹ룬λĻԵӦþʹ￪ʼҲŽǽгϸһУѰǵĻԵ
ҶĻ˶΢΢һȫ˷ܲѣҶоĪסԼƣĲš
֮ԸҶð죬ֵܺѼĸ֮⣬ĿģѰҸԵĻԵ
ڣԵȻǵǰܹ˷أ
ֻСԣ֮ԭʼձŴֵϣȻŨŨı档
ҶǰȥСԵԴѹҲҲĻԵ
С淢һͬ˻𣬱ĬĬıͣһԲҶȻ̧һ㣬һָɳ
ۡǽ֮ϾȻһŵƱȼˣƹ綹ȴɢĺڰ˿Կ
ʱ򣬰Ȼٴοڵ⥣
ԭ˿̰Ȼ̧ͷ˫۾˿̣Źĳ֣˫۾ѾʧȥǰЧá
ͷ֮ϣȻһ޴ޱȵıڻһֻ̬͵ͬʨһĽɫޣɽ߸ϣ˫۾ˡ
֮ӣ⥣ۣ͸һ˵бΪ
˵ľȻСԣֻ޵һͬΪӡ
ȫֻӣƺҲԼʲôȫ˳˼
ֻĪ磬ڴ˿̺ȻҲ¶һãɫɿҶƣԼʶ߶
ҶĪӣΪȻ⥵۾Իˣæһ̤סĪ֣ʵ磬ôˣ
Ī类ҶסתͷҶԾɴһãȻҶĪĴһʹ˲Ϯȫüͷšһ
ʱĪ齥ָҶеĿ⣬е㲻˼ЦЦ֪̫û뿪磬еˡ
Īû£Ҷ֣еǹɴʹҲĪʧˣȴӿһε˵дջ뵽ʱǾһˣ

ĪЦˣҶԼӵЦգȻжã綼ûôĵЦˡ


1714 һĨʺ
ȻĪ̧ͷĿٴο컨⥵ֻ۾Ҷܣ֪ʲô𣿡
˵ʵҶʼվڵĪеֵֹģҪ֪ǰܶЩе棬ȻˣȻҶҲĴҲ֪ʲôǱʯǺʯƵĳʯͷ
ĪƶǶĵ˵ͷǣɲ԰
ҶٴһҪʯͷ

ҪҶеĪΪʲôĪҪ۾ʯͷȻʯͷеų⣬Īʶ⻹ĪһθҪʵ޷ܾ
ãҸ
ȻĪٴҡͷԼã
һ£˵ĿⶼеĪϣСԶˣ˿̵Ī̫ˡ
ҶҲ˲ôڳˣ˫ֽסĪļ磬ңû°ɣ
ĪõĶҶ۾ţ¶Цݵû£ҾԼȡʯͷôҶܣ㻹𣿡
ţ
ҶȫµˣҲ᲻ԼӣȻŲõԤУǴ˿ȴΪԼӦˣӵһҪѣסĪҴȡ
ҶĪɵ컨ϣĪľץʯͷ
˵Ҳ֣ӦǽǶǽʯͷȴǱĪ׵ľͿһ飬ûʲô
ڶʯͷҲµʱռ֮ͻȻһ춯صĽ
˵ĽҲ޵Ľһ˵Ĺֱ쳹˵֮У
һ֪ڳ˯֮һС
ңǿֲޱȣ˸оһĪη壬ҶĶͷ϶һ亹ѱȻҲ
Īɫ̹Ȼƺûһֻ˫ĶŵһԽɫʯͷ

ȻĽ˳ηеˣ˼æѭȥһֻɫСֻѾˡ
ȻǸκСףҶ͸裬û뵽ھȻˡ
Ǳģ
ɴ¿ȻҲǳ𺧣ֻСȻͲ󣬵ܹ׵֮ʵԲȴʵš
ʱһˡţռ䶼ʼ˻ζֻ΢Ļζȴ˾ҵĻζ
еſˣ˳Ȼڵ
ҲҪţҶվڿдȻʦֲõģԲΣա
ͻı仯ȷе񣬲Ҷ仰ȴǰסǣȷһжͰźõģܻʲôء
ʱҶҲе˲Īˣ䵽ϣŵߣʼĬĬĽǳһվĪȻֱڶμԼ񣬱Ī磡
Ҷ˵˵ͷŴ󲽵ǵǽϴ򿪵ţͬʱ˳ôˣ
Ҳ֪ܾеŹ֣˵ӦòΣգԲ̫ģС
ڣ˵ע򿪵ϣȻǳһ𣬾Ҷæת۴ÿһĨʺ컨ֻ⥿ն۾˳ĿĪ硣
ȻǳѾȡԼǸӣɨĨʺ죬ʺ쾹ȻֱӴ͸ӣ׹Ҷʩչ˿ռ˲ƣ˲ĪǰץĨʺ졣
ʺ֣ȴͬǸһʺһĨһȻ谭Ĵ͸Ҷơ
硭
Ҷſһ쳣µľʹȴ˿̣ĨʺȴѾûĪڡ
һ˦ͷҶȥԼôˣҧɾʹĪǰۣȫĪһֵǣȴûзĨʺ죬ʯһû˿ټ
磬оôûʲôĵطҶѯš
ĪȴЦҡҡͷҶյû£õģû£
ܵĪůƣҶϵľʹҲ֮ʧȻҲȻĵĶĪ´
ϾۿĨܹӽǳݵĹӺԼƵʺ죬ûĪ壬ûŪĨʺ쵽ʲôܹ֮ġ
˳ٴδҶԺ֮УǰңҲɣҲĻԵ
Ե
ֻǣĻԵʲô


1715 ڻ
ҶԼƽٴȷĪȷʵû֣֮תŴȥ
ȻʱĪȴٴκȻڵһЩƽıڻ
˵Ŀ仰ٴμеĪϣҶ̲ס̧ͷ˿ͷϵǸͼֿ˿ſʵ磬ô֪ģ
Ī¶ı֣Ҳ֪ǰһ
ܣ
Ī絽ڻǷ֮ıɽ첻Ҷ֮зѪ֮ƣ֪һڣĪ粻ǰ
ҶĿĪ磬ü֮ͻȻһ⣬ֱͶĪüģڲ鿴Ī꣬ΪĪԴ̤֮ͱʮ֣ǸղĨӦǱʯͷסĨʺ죬ǾԽĪڣҶĪ磬ǲڲ֪бĳռꡣ
Ҷ֮£Ī굽ڣǺչ˳û˿ĲԾ֮
ʱȻ˳ڵʲôǽȥ˵ɣ
ͬʱ˳ҲڵҶΪĪ磬Ѿʧȥԭȵ侲˳ȻţĪ粻ʲô⣬ԲΣա
˸˳߽ȶĴţҶȻվԭأǣĪֵ磬κβԾ̸ҡ
ĪЦŵͷû£û£˵ʲôأ
ҶĵͷԼһֱĪߣκˣκҲ˺
ȻʲôҲ鿴ҶֻĪû£ҲͲ˵ʲôǣĪ߽ڡ
һ޴ʯңտߴУСĸоܵǽ֮ÿһξǶһյƣȻ֪ȥ˶õ£һǾܽȼ
ȻĪ˵ʯҵܣ컨϶һɫ޵ıڻȻͬȴһǴÿһڻ֮У⥣
ǳʨĽɫӣʱɽۣ˫ĻۣʣʱſһŸ̨֮ϣ·Ĥݵĸ࣬ͬһλ߲ʵһ
֮ЩڻȻ֪˭֣֮ǱȻΪʦȼʣȴб£ǲһİ¶š
˳ϸһȥһ߿һߵӦֻһӰʼֱ
˵˳סڲһʼմˣſڵϵСԡ
Ī߹ȥСԵԴȻҲ̧ͷܵıڻٶԱҪĶ࣬һɨ
ҶȻɿ֣Ŀȴʼ׷ĪӰֱĪ罫ټʯתһȦ֮ߵ˿һλãǰǸڻϵĳһ㡣
䣡
ٴǰҲ޵ĽΪ̫ͻȻʵսǬֱӱһƨ˵ϡ
ţʯҲʼ𶯣֮УĪǰǽ֮ϾȻһѪɫĹâѪ֮ƣ
ҶѾһ嵽ĪߣȷûκΣ֮ĿɿڴĿЩѪ֮ǽ֮۳һͬˮһ㣬ϷĶڡ
˵ȻʦвõĵطôӦҶ˳лڣµľȻĪ磡
ԴӼ޸Ҷ֮󣬼Ļ磬żį˼Ĺ¼Ůӣ쾹ȻΪǣ
˿̣˳Ҳüͷ壬벻ͨһеô£ĪǷʲôԼ֪ı仯
Ѫ֮۳ɵĶڳ֮ʯҵҲֹ֮ͣ
ʮأǽ֮ϣǽڻǽڣûб飬͸ڣ˶֪һܹǽ֮Ķ
ڱ˲ڳ£ȻܹѪ֮Ϊý飬ͨ˿ռ䷨֮ٳһռڣ
˳ϳ˳羴Ͳ˼֮ɫĻҲ𾪲ѡ
Ҷ֮⣬ĿǰЩлûܹտռ䷨֮ȴ֪Ҷʩչռ䷨֮ҲУȴǰµ֮Уͽռ䷨֮ٿص˼¡
Ҳ˸޷⣬ΪʲôĪܹ򿪣ӦֻѪһеĻزأ
ʱĪȻľг͵תӣŵĿҶҶܣңô֪ܹڵģ


1716 Ե
Ҷ˵۾һ̶ȫɴˣѵ˵ղĪһУԼ뷨Ϊ
ĻֻǱ긽ˣҶĨʺ졣
ѩȻòǺǰĳһɣ
統ðմ񹬣ȴһ壬ǰĪο˵ΪƣҶ뵽ˣ᲻ʦʯͷӡĳꣿ
˵Ĵ룬꣬ȻȻҪǾ뷽跨ĸŵʵĪ磬ƻȥʯͷ£Լųճɹ壡
ղĽڻһֱͻȻɵ˷ܵź
뵽ҶֻԼѪҺˣҲԼ뷨ȷģҸе־ģԼʲô޷Ī֮ҵǸټ
˵ܶԷֻһ꣬ӵеʵȴԶԼҪߣпӹԼѲ飬
ҶѸٵ˼·ҲԼΪʲôúõҪ˶ӻ
ںҲˣֻиϽ취ϳ
ҶܣôЩڻʮϤôԼǰô֪Щģ
ĪٴʧأȻڸղ˵ĻԼºȻӦ֪ģ
ҵĪ磬Ҷȴ
ʱĪҲֳŵĻֻܼӾĪĿֻţֱӱ
ˣҶĽĪ§˻Ҳ°϶ңͰͺһдм䣬ղţĴм䣬ԣ֮ѪɲǵľѣԣžϤ֪Щ顣
˵սдջӦþջɣ
ҶⷬȻէ֮ǺܺʵȴãȲ˵Ī缸֮Ѫһ˵УҲھѣôܻôɣѵļúʯйأ
ڵĪȴˣټϺҲһ԰οŵּѺ棬Ҿ˯ŵʱĪľ;˼䣬Բõġ
ڣ˵İο֮£Ī粻ٺ£ӿһϲΪҲ֮ѪĻǾҶ֮޴ĺ蹵
Ҷȴӿ˾޴ĲĪѾ𣬲ʲô꣬ԼԲ˺Ī磡
˳üͷȫšһҲڶԼǰĲ²⶯ҡˣڲǼ̽ʱ˵ĿȫǸѪ֮۶ɵĿռڡ
붴ľգʱѾ̧ͷ˶ڵڲȻһۣȴȻĵֹסľҵĲ
գ
ĲԾһѣһȻһƨڵϣȴһ
һ̣Ҳ̧ͷ˶ڣķӦȻҪõ㣬ȴҲǷ˾ҵһȻͬһƨ˵ϡ
ţ˶̵ĽĿͶ˶֮Уÿ˵ķӦ𾪵˼£˰С֮⣬һȫڵأҹսǬ˸ſһܶ
Ҷʵ̲סˣĪ磬Ҳ˶֮ڣһ֮£ĪֱӾҶҲ̲ס˿
˳ڿȥټĿռ֮ڣȻſһֻͳ׵Ľɫ⥣
ֻ⥵ͬʨһ˶ԴöŶڣ˫Ŀգ˳˯֮С
ֻɫ⥵ϣɢһ޵ƣϰȻô˶ǱƸѹȣòſ
СͻȻһ߸Ծ𣬾Ȼ׼ֱӳǸڣҶۼֿ죬һ죬Ͻס
ڣΪĪֵ⣬ҶΪﲻǰȫģԲκ顣
СԱҶסҶһۣûԹֻǱ˵ĵˣ
Ҷȴǵͷ֪껹ڣ
һ仰ֽ˸סˣ뿴ҶҶ϶ĵĻ꣬ԿԸӦĵ껹ڣֻ˳˯֮С
˶٣ҶĿ⻺ɨ˺ŵλӦöˣʦиµĽ֮дĸ֡ϻꡢĹϻ겢ָԼϻ꣬ңλ֮еĳЩˡ
ڣ⥵Ļ꣬ȴԵȥѣɺϻ꣬λ֮У˭⥵Եˣ


1717 ʵѡ
Ҷɺϻ֮󣬱ʵͶʵķԾﵽ˶ɽٵĵز˶Ŀõģ֪ϻܴĺôʵ޷
ھȻһԺ⥺ϻĻǰڳЩˣûһĵġ
ֻǣ⥵Ļ֮һǰҶС֮⣬ʮĸˣ˭Ǹܹ⥺ϻأ
˶֮ʱ˭ҲûֻǱ˴˶ӣгɻ
ҶȻѾµ˺ϻѡȴҲóȻ˳ڵܹ⥺ϻˣضЩ֮Ҳȥˣ綼Կҹ˭ܽ⥵껽ѣ˭ӦþǺϻ֮ˣ
ˣͬҶСڣǸѪ֮ƹɵĶڡ
濴һ뵽ռ䣬ǰֻ׵ʬʱŸоԼС
ռƺޱ޼ʣҶҲͷ
ʬɢǹҲҶС˿Ӱ֮⣬˶еսս
˵עںϻ֮ϣ˸пһ֮Ҳû뷨
ôѣ
Ҷǵ꣡
Ҷ֮£Χ⥵ʬ۾Եü֮һŽ⣬ʼԼԻѳ˯е⥡
ͷųԼһɲǣֻǰͻȻͺݷ뵽һ޾ĺڰ磬ȻƬڰ룬ȴһĨҫ۵Ľɫ
Ĩɫ˯е⥵꣬˼ǳ׵ȣڵֻаƴСʮֵĴżֿɰͬһֻëСʨһ

˫ֺʲڣԼ֮С⥵壬˺֮
˵Ҳ֣ôϸ˵һ仰⥾͵һ۾ɫĹâͬһ㣬Ƭڰ硣
һţһ̣⥵۾ͶĿ˰
˿̣˫۾ǵûӵİԵе¶Ǹոճĺһ
ȻԼȷɹĻ⥣ǽȴ֪ҪʲôˣϾûнйϻ֪꣬ʲô衣
С⥺Ȼվ˯̫õԵʣ嶼еҡҡλΣվһ˦˦ԼǿСʨͷһҡߵ˰ߣʼתӻͣȥ
ҶǣĪ֣СҲѵðվһԣĬĬעˣǲĪ糢ԣĪ궼û֣ܽкϻꡣ

˳ȻһվߵҶߣЦŵ˰ɣ
Ҷͷۣܹ͸һ˵Ƿܹõϻģ˰֮⣬޵ڶѡˡ
ȻջԼ꣬վȻϻٵĶеźڴҵ̬
ԵǿģòҲҪǿԺܿеʧҲͽʧȫעеԾɴڴ״̬İϣȻǶѾףݻԵڰ
Ȼ˳ҶҼǵϴκϻһµʱ䣬ѲҪȰһ£
ҲҶסˣȱľʱˣսʱܿҪȰһ£ʵ̫˷ʱˣȣҶҲܾð
Ҷ˾˵һˣһ꣬ʮ꣬ҶҪȣ
ȻҶ£Ȼ𣺡ãˣ
˫۶ȻһţҶȴǿղһɲǣ˫֮УȻ˫ͫ
ˣһԵô죿
ͷҲĽ͵ҶȳȥɣҵϾҪˣ
仰˶־ϲӦǰ٣Ҳ˵ֻҪɹ٣Ϳˣ
ҶҲϲԽæ˵Ƚͻػ磬ģԵԲֹһϾĹӦûкԶľ룬ҲǵĻԵĹ֮У
˳˼ĵͷ뻭֮ǰĿСԣ˿̵СŰȻڰϸоԼֳ̬꣬䶼˼֡
Ͽûκεı仯͵Ҷɺϻ֮ɢĻ۳ɺɱȫͬҲģϻǻӵһơ
߱ɱɱغȴۣ԰һŵ˫֮ͫ۾ϻɹ֤
ȻҶȻĪ磬Ҳܴߣֻܶ˳һ֮󣬽ȫͻ˻磡
һ֮Ҷİļ߰ɣ
Ǿµɲǣ¡һһͬɽִ羹Ȼͻأĳ˰ͷ


1718 ʥ
֮䣬ҶͰƬӦλڵµĿռ֮УȻ˰١
ҶѾĹˣȻ𾪣µɲȴѾԿռ˲ԶԶ㿪ⱻǣ٣ǱׯϣизţӲԼ壬磡
ӦǵµĿռ֮ڣʼԼ٣
εǿ˲٣ҶϤľ٣ھٽ֮󣬾Ȼӭ˶ڷ˵Ϊֲħ٣
ữħרŹĵط֪ٷ߶ħлҷ
ȴ쳣ǿ弸֮£ڳɹĶ٣ʽ졣
ȻƬ¿ռҲѾ˷棬ǽڱڻȫУΨûµľ⥾޴ʬڵǸټĿռ䡣
ҶԼѾеˣûв´ĻʬڵĿռ䣬Ӧһ磬ԸٵӰ졣
ҶͰ΢һ֮ƲʵӦٴﵽ졣
Ϊɺϻ֮Ҫһʱĥڣֱϵһ𣬴ӶͬҶӵȫĺϻ״̬ԵǸʱ򣬰ʵֻжǿʮֵҶͰڴˣ
дʱҶȻһŭ޺֮ԴȻʬڵĿռ֮ڣҲ޷סˣŰйŹ֣òͨɣ
֪ˣ
˶ո˵û˿Ĺ˼ɣʩչͬһֳƬټĿռ䣬ѭķȥ

ȻҶһ֣ξȻʹҶͻأʧҶһæȥ֮ŷ֣ﾹȻѪ֮ƿµһ
ҶҲվУǰһڣ϶Ȼִһضɽҡľ졣
¡
۾Ҷʱס˿ȻѾһɽˮ㣬뵵ĳɽ֮УɽΡ룬ٲɽߣԶޱڿնգȻɵģҶͰͬʱĿ˹ȥ
һǴۣһǱۻҪһĻۣԿ͸һС
֮УϡԿһֻ߰ɵιޣһɽȻĳݺȥ
ʲôޣô׺Ȼܹͽְһɽ
ҶȵĵҲҡҡͷʾ֪ǿ϶ľǣѾʵе죬һ磡
˿Ҷǽһ뵽ԼʦֲµʮаһĪɽУĲʮ磿

ԶԶһҽдҶͰһۣ𾪣֮оȻˣ
òĹͲ統аɣҶɫһĻ˴룬ǾпܱȽĹ
ߣ
ŲҽķȥȻ벻Զһȴһ
һ·֮ǿͬɽһ㣬ɽ֮ϵľҲаߵܣĥ̴Сľϡ
֮ŸָĹޣÿֹ޴ŵʵ統УԶǾǿߵʵ
⵽ʲô磿ѵʦֿٳģΪʲôҪŪһأΪػĹ
˼֮䣬Ѿ˲ҽĵطʮͲȵںһֻɽһߴԳս
ղſİɽޣȻҲֻԳȻռƣҸʵҲֻƤĹƸǽһƴԳȣǶ֡
Ҷ˸ϵʱ򣬾ͿֻԳһץסˣҲľ˿Уȥ
һڷһܰɣٺãҲûҪ
ʱЩɢӣǳҶͰλó˹ǣһ˻ĵһ߻һߴУ߰
Ҷȴһץסһ˵̨ʲôط
˱ҶͻȻץסŰˣҶ⣬˲ָֻҶͰһǸİɣʥض֪͸Ҵ
ʥأҶһ㶣ôôϤͻȻ䷴Ӧ۾ȻɴĪǾǴʥսľʥأ
֮⣬˭ҸԼסĵطȡô֣Ͻ߰ɣȻдʥĴУҲˣʥҲ֪ŪôʵߵˣãҲܲа
Ҷɿ֣뿪ˣԼȴǴԭأڻ֮ʱԼһжõʦִʥսǷ顣
֮о͸ҶĴвڴʥУǷһΪʥصĵط
ҶһֱΪʥһȻڲ֪⾹Ȼһ磡
뵽һ⣬Ϊʲôʥս磬Ȼʬķ֮


1719 Լ
Ҷ˼ʱ򣬡䡱һ콫ѹ̧ͷȥԭͷԳѾԼͰڳ߳Ӵɽ壬һɽ㵹һ㡣
ߣ
Ȼ֪Ҷ˼ʲôʱҪˣҶ΢һ뿪˵
ͰڵʵǵҲηֻԳȻʦִʥ磬˭֪ڵЩǲĴеģֻѡ뿪
ҲΪʲôֱӸҶ˲ʹܳʮأһ㽫Գ˦ԶԶġ
ҶҲ򵥵ĽԼ˼˰ϧȻʵǿᣬϾ˳ڷⷽ棬ʵǲóȻҲ벻Ȼ
ܵһȫĵط֮Ҷٻ˳ΪȻʥλڱɽôǰ϶֪ΪʲôȴûԼ
ȻеǣնھʥȴһãȻ䷢˵ɽûмĹ֮⣬κεĶ磬ȻĻɽͳΪ˸֮ء
ȻƭҶʵҶԼҲžʥػôɵľͲڱɽԼ˾װ׵ھʥ֮УܲڰԴ屻֮󣬾ʥԼܵ˱ɽ˰ɣ
Ȼ뷨̫ĵû뵽ʵȻˣ
Ҷ˸ϸѯ֮󣬵֪ʥأȻʮ䣬ûĳ˱ɽ
ңǰֻмⴳ룬뿪Ϣɢ˳ȥֱȴԽԽˣָͨ;뵽˾ʥ֮С
⣬ҶһͰ𾪵ϢǾʥĪĳڱɽеĶ磬Ȼֹһ
ֻǾмֶ֮˭ٵģĿǰΪֹ˭Ҳ޷϶Ĵ𰸣Ϊûܹ⼸ȫ̽ǣһ⣬ÿһͻȻڱɽеĶ֮УԶžıأ
ʱڣͻȻĹ£Ҳ޷ͣڣֵս֮ʣͻȻðôĶ磬˶Ϊܷܿվھͻ漴Щ֮Уÿ磬ʵ϶Ƿսڡ
֮ԻЩž챦ص磬Щ߸ϵ񣬸˵һܹڶʱʵøǿĻᣬӶܹڷսŸʤ㡣
ʵ
Ҷ֪ûκ֪ЩҪڶڼ˵ҪλЩ챦ء
ȺھʥдˣҶüͷšڿǲӦýսҲΪʥĺˣܹһԼĴС
Ҷ㿴
ȻָһԻ״ľʯ
֪֮УҶͰѾתǰԳĵط˿̾ԳѾ뿪԰ܷղӦʼձԳסľʯ
ֻʯ֮ԿһЩۼȻΪģҪʧƾҶͰȴһ۾ܿЩۼȻһս
Ҷ۽̫ͼʯģĺۼӡ̲֮ס˿⣬ǻ죡
죬սԴսʽĵһʽ
ȻƬۼĻʽֻ򵥵Ŀܣǽϳ֮Ҷǰ·𿴼һߴ͵Ӱվʯ֮ǰһ˼һ߻Ӷȭͷһ߽Լĵᣬ̻ʯ֮ϡ
ҶĻ˼ĵǰͷԳпڱʯ˷ְ
ϸ룬ȷпܣֻԳղʢŭ֮£һɽΨûȥʯڵɽ
Ҷʦִʥٵ磬ʥأƬеĲٵط¶սĺۼЩޣӦҲΪ˱ЩۼΪ˱Ƭ⻿ġ
ŽƬѰ֮£Ȼ֣ȷвٵطֺۼǣȫԴʥս֣֮
ͱڰԵ⴦Ĳڱεɽʯһ򵥵ĽΪĻ񣬻һͷСˣĳ־
ͼʱ԰ĶȻ̲ס΢΢һ˫ֺʲźӡ
ȻͼԲǴʥսµģΪҶѯ˷ҶȷʥûޣôȻǳһλ޴ʦ֮֡
Ҷ˼ʦֿٳľʥ֮УΪʲôĸֹսķȵȵۼأ


1720 
ȻӡǷеһϵսΪѾȫĳ˶ͼĸ֮С
ҶûдһǧѷĻᣬ˵ҲǰĻԵ
Ϊ̫࣬ЩʵǿޣҶ뽫ȫÿﶼҵǸԵĻԵ
뷨ðҶҲʼĥνЩ˶ߣշסЩޡ
ʵⲢҶԼ˲ƵĶ֮󣬾̫Ⱦǿ̹֪Ҫն磬ҪľҵĽˣֻҪշôͽΪУΪߡ
ʱ򣬰Ҳ˹Ҷһһᣬ£뿪õңԱ֮Ժһȥϣ
ҶȥѰҾʥصĽˣֻİųٳδڼȻڣҲ԰ʵӦû⣬˵ͷ󣬱뿪
ʥؼޱ޼ʣҪҵˣʵڲڴ룬Ҷ²⣬Ȼʦºۼľʯػô֮أȻܣɴͿʼѰӵǿĵط

һƬҽһž޴ĻһȺۼһٲ֮ǰճ˻ҽţһȡǵλãۿٲǴ׸߿ղкµٲ֮ϣȻʾһϥӰ֡
һλٲ֮ǰչȻѲڣٲȴǽ͵ġܶʼ
ͬһٲγɵˮ̶֮ϣˮĽڣһȺƴĻ๥ΪĲ¶ˮ̶һߵʯͷʯͷһ˿·תâ
ЩҶѰҽ˵Ĺ̵пһĻĻʻľ󣬶ľƬ֮ʱضݡ
˸µĸĵø֮⣬ʥ֮лһЩ滨ݣǳҩȻЩҲΪĶ
⻹ЩƬЩǺʹ֮Ĵս
֮ʥ֮ѾѪɣϣҶѰҽ˵Ķ̶Ƭ̵ʱڣٸܵɢ
Щȥȴûаͬ飬ΪΪʳȻҪþأôȻҪ׼øĴۡ
Ƿ֮ĺ׼׼
ͬǲ֪ʱķսļҲ̶̳ȣǰй֮޲
¡
һըҶͬʱҫ۵ϹϤľҶ΢עһ£Ȼλʥκ
һȺֶԸһλòˣȻ˵ʵκԸߣǼܲס˶࣬˿ѾˣѪܣսˣѾҪˡ
ȻҶκûʲôøУҲȥ־λˣǹҧѣʱͻȻóһ
ս֣˵ʾȻɲǼͱˣԨsţɽٲȻͬ˸һ㣬Ҷһ̣ҲȻˡ
Ϊн֮Ȼͬ˵ļ׵һʮ˽ѪɫӶɣ
˵Ľһɢ佣俴ƽĽ֮УȻֳһ˿Ѫ֮ƣ
ʮ˽ؽͬ׵ǵĽر״ֻħѪ
ܹʩչѪ֮ƵģҲֻѪһźѪ壬Կн˿Ѫ֮ƣҶԼһλʦ֣
޻ڣ
зн߾ӴһȺΪ߻ǲٿ޼᲻ݵĽ֮ǵʵ֮ͬУҪǿ
ȻҲÿһλ߶ˣҲǸݸ˵Ժʶ
гֵĸҲȷǲʤܹǧŵĽȴ࣬һҲʮˣУѪһžռ
һħ죬һǽ޻ڣ
ҶѪ֮пĵһĻ󣬾һޱѪȻǼħʯƶΪѪıħҲһߡ
ҶȻļǵãԼʶ״̬£ʩչʦ򵥵һǽУ;Լһ
ֻϧҶΪԼһЩԭδټнǼˣǱʶУȴȻڽһĸ飬ԪΪ˺ɽ
ȻҶս죬ʦֵܲδ̳ħĽѪһ֮ȴһ˼̳ˣǾǾ޻ڣһֻ޽Ӷջ˽֮
֪ڽ֮ϵ֮ߣ
˵ʵҶλʦֵ¼˽Ĳ࣬ΪǼԯ콾֮󣬵ڶõѪеˣҶĶʦ֣ڵ̫Զ
ֻû뵽ҶھȻԺʦֽйصˣ


1721 ο
ȻĿǰΪֹԼʦʦʦǣҶֻǼ˾ʦһˣʼռţǶԼĴ˻ߺ£Ѿȷ֪Ĵʦԯ콾ǽԼѪѪ֮⣬ҶǺпܻţ
Ҷ˻ǻַʦ֮Ǽᶨͷ
ڣҶĿεĶӦǽ˻ߴ˵˵ϡ
ǵвκ˵ֹǵս֣˵ʵȻ˲䷭һ䣬ݺᣬԹѵڣӲĽŤתռϷ硣

ƺɱбڿдһѪɫзһȣһ̴˶Էһ˵üġ
һκ˵ɫüΪѿԭǶȲʤȯˣû뵽Էý֮󣬾ȻͣпܷΪʤ
ʱһХȻԶԶХκ˵϶ʱ¶˴ϲ֮ɫſڽе֣кö͸㣡
䣡
һɳѪĹЮ֮£һɫӢ䣬׳˶Ȼ˳У˫絶һɨܺ󣬱㽫ĿͣǸֽϣзһмЩˣʲôǿҿѡ
£׳˶˵֮϶Ȼһɫ⻪վԭز̧ƾһȭ˳ȥ
Ҷ۾гһߣλϱɫ⻪ƶϳһλ֮Ѫˡ
ȻһִҶԺο
ҵʱҶҵ˵°ĺѩһλοȴսһȻˣĺѩȴ٣Ϊοɲһˣһ壬μҵ
ҶȻûмο񣬲ڿλԱκƨȴʼհڳһ߸֮ɫ֣̾Ͳ³˶Էݡ
䣡
οһȭ˺ѳգټĿռѷͬһ鲼˷ֽ֮˾ģǰȫοһȭͷ޴ɶ㡣
Ȼֽ֮ɫ򶨣ҲǽѪܲ͸磬ָȭͷš顱һײȻȭͷݺݵĻϡ
ֽ֮˽Ųһģ˳ʮ׿ǿվɫͨ죬ſһѪ
ߣ
οϵĲм֮ɫŨˣĵǸ߿ˣһȭȻ޷£
һԵκ˶ʱһȲ֮ȻƨɣǼΧԷ춼ûܽ£οһȭͽԷѪ˴֮ʵȷ
ҶʼĬĬĹעⳡս׼Թۣ˻ῴοֽ֮˵ʵ
ʵκǳֵʱҶͿˣλԼͬŵĳֽˣýĻôֻʵһ֣ʵȴ˲ӽ졣
ܵ˵йоء
ֽѪ֮󣬳ɫȥò԰һƬɫȴƽޱɨһۺ󣬵ͷ׼뿪
֮䣬˴˲ʶȻҲûʲôޣֻΪĳλǰµĵúۼ˵ֽԸ뿪ⳡҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ȼοȴǳ˵ıӰĵվס˭ˣ
ͣ½Ųתעοô
ҪôԼĽҪôͽ£
仰˵Ȼðһŭ𣬶κʿ˵һģߵĽǵǽϣֱǳ衣
ͺñҶɽһ㣬κҲ̲ˣ
Σ
³֮ٴת̤뿪ο¶һĨɫһٴξȭ˵ĺ󱳺ݺȥȻ׼ҪɱԷˡ
һȭȸղŵȭƸͣ͵Ϯ˸ܽ

ͻȻһŭȴӿдͬһ㣬ɽ붼һһӰ˵ı̧Ҳһȭӭοһȭ
Ȼ˭ҲûϵʱȻв֮ɱοǿ˵ˣһ֮漴¶Ц
䣡
ֻȭͷײһ𣬾ͿһӰ̵ɶһӰȴԭأ̩ɽ˿
޴ײһضɽҡκȺмΪĸ޷վȣˤڵأûͿһӰǷ
顱һӰصǵϣٴҵ˸ǲҺһֱȥ
ʱڿ壬ɹĺӰȻǸһο


1722 ױ
㣡
ͬʱκҲϳǸͻȻ֣οһȭˣɱĳ޴׵Ҷ
ֽҲתҶ΢΢һ֮󣬹Ϊ¾죬л̨Ԯ֮
죬ڣ֣ҶѾܹ϶ԼʦֵĺˣеǱҲпܾʦġ
ҶκˣǳžЦŵ˵ͷҽҶ
ԭҶοͻأ𣬶ѾӵվȻҶĶȭ֮УԲУǴ˿̵ȴָƽ˵ͷ˵ڻҺдһû뵽Ȼܵ쿴ҵհ
֮οƽԭΪղŵһȭδȫ֮ûбԱҶһȭɣûΪԼʵҶ
ƽĵ׵ȴǶҶѾӿŨŨɱ⣬οݣʲôʱԹֿҪɱҶ
κҲһ֮¶˿ϲ֮ɫȻҲ֪Ҷ
ȻΪҺ׷鲻Ҷ֮󣬱㽫Ҷ֪£ǼĬҶѪϢֻ˵ɱƼҺμҸִ֣ƽҶĴͬص˵Ļ죬˵ȫ类ͨ
ƣҶҲ뵽ˣϣΪŰϻĳɹĵԽԽ㡣
û̫Ӱľǿ߳ҶǣҲηκһ
Ҷžͷ֣ͷԱԵһᣬȽЩӬ֮һЩ̡
һ˿ɻ󣬲ܿͻָ򶨵Ҷ֣ҶȻҲͷҶ֡
һˣͲôˣ
ҶΪľļȻο˹ȥ¾վԭط㶣ʲôһˣ
ৣ
ƿ֮οͲȵˣһ䣬ɱȻǸ֡

ͬĶο񣬶οһָҶ;£סҪģ

Ҳԭ򣬴ӦһҶ˹ȥҶһЦȻӿ죬˲һǰȶԷӦһĨѪڿ֮һţѾʬ׷룬˵ϡ
ĨѪȻƵѪȻǶʥײԸãѪ˳֡
һˣʣ˶Ǵһﬡ֮Ѿȡ˸Ե磬Ҷͬʱ
ҶԲӦ䣬Ѫ󵶺ɨһʮİεâ޼᲻֮ƣɨͬʱֽճȭ׼һˣȻ
˸ոסâɽײ˳ȻҶʯ쾪ȭͷѾǰȻٴξӭȴǸ޷סһȭ
飡
ըƬԼҲǱȭͷ֮ؿڣһҽзԵѾ촷ۣˡ
֮䣬οɫȴû˿ı仯Ҷüͷһ壬ɨοһۣ֪ԷȫΪ̽ԼĵϸԸںԼµ
Լ²ˣɼοĳҲǼΪᡣ
Ҷôױ˿ϸģƾǿƬ̵Ĺͽ˾С
һ˵ĵ£ο¶ɫâٴδͬһɫĻһ㣬Ƴ죬һһϵ磬Ҷ
κæֺõĴеСģСܹѪʹã
ͬʱҲҶҶ֣οȭѪһ˫ȭͷκңóȭͷݻٶΪ޽ߣ
ȭ
ȻֲôǼȻˡ֣ߣο֮Ȼǧǧ򣬵Ľһ·ƶȥһֱߵĵλǿ֪ϵ裬ǰ޹ˣ
ͬʱҶҲΪʲôղοԾôмҪԻбȻΪȭѪˣǼΪƲ
Ҷȴ¶ЦԼȻͨȭԼǿټսʽѵȭ񲻳ɣ
οѾ嵽ҶǰȻ̧֣Ҷȥ˶ע⵽ˣֻճȭ
ȻʱյȭͷͻȻһ
¡
һ֮Ȼյ֮д˿̣˵УοȭͷѾȭͷһױ
ȭױ


1723 ȭӡ
οȭͷϰױ磬ͨ˲ıγɵģȴǱ绹Ҫֲ
ɴ˿ɼȭ֮ȷʵױҲǿޱȣֻϧοҶ
һʮᣡ
Ҷûжκεսֻ˲Ϣ֮Ȼ̲֮Լȭͷ֮УԺϻ֮ӭοȭͷ
ǲ
׺ױը磬˺ռ䣬أȻеĹҶȭͷǰֽͬϻһȫȫķ顣
ȻοҲһεĵ˳ȥڿУͻȻһȭ棬Ŵѿһ϶Ҳסˡ
֣һϣɱ
κ£˫ɫķͬѩһǵصҶȥӳķҲǵɫױаɫкɫһŽɫġ
ͬʱҲǸֶΣַȫҶǳ˱֮⣬ϣҶϵƽȻû֮ѪƽԴļֵ޷
ǵصĹҶֻǽĿ׼κӳһѷеŽɫΪκһ˿ۣҲΪŽɫ֮ϣҶжļµΣա
ŽɫԱױҪǿ̫ࡣ

οڴʱҲûԹۣȻҶԼǿҲԸֵĻᣬԹٴγ֣Ƕ˵Ĺ֮
˫ȭϹҫֻۣȭͷͬǳһ㣬նâ貣ҸΪǣܵޱȻγһ磬ԴԴϵοȭͷӿȥ
ȭҰ
˱֮֮⣬ȭͷڻĹ̵оȻؼ
Ҷ֪˿ԼٲˣɫοȭͷƵԼҲҪʵԻѪҺѾʼڡ
ȻʱһͻȻӿ𣬽һĴ
ͷɫǱڣ˫ֽӡҶǰǼֹȥӡ֮Уޱߴȱ֮⣬ҲϷħ֮
ӡ֮ȭӡ
˿з޴ʦڳĿһ󣬾Ի̹¶Ĥݣӡ֮Уǿļӡ֮һӵдǻ۵ķ޴£Ҳδܹʩչĳ
ȻڣȻˣ
ҫ֮Уȭӡ֮һȫΪУǵصķοǴǳȭͷӡ
ο񷢳һصĿԣһѪжȻһ˿֣̿һ̣ӰѾתʧκĵ˵
κͬǴһû뵽ҶȻǿİ֣˴˶һ֮ҲĵİȾߡ
˿̵Ҷھϲ֮УȻκȵߣҲ׷ɱȻֵ֪ǰôĹ򣬰ܹӡҽʩչζǼֵø˵顣
Ȼ죬˿УҶʮһ΢΢һЦղһʱӡĪĪ֡
ԭ͸ӡ֮󣬾͸ϹѰҶÿο˫ǳȭͷټӡҲȭӡϲԾȳ֡
ֲ֣ллأ
ҶӡȫһȥҿûĻԵ
ȥɣһٻͣ
ڰ˵Ǵ£ҶȻŰ˻ֺڿѾĿɿڴľ졣
˵ʵȻ֪ԼʵжǿҲֻû뵽ЩԼµˣȴһһҪ
οˣϾһ֮־֮ѪǿӦõģǰҶһȭ˵ĺУ˵ͺԼ࣬ʵȴǳԼ̫̫࣬𾪣ʲôʱ쾹Ȼðôĸ֣
Ҷھǰ˻ε֣鲻ǻطģ
ŻعæŶ⣬⣡
ߣ
ҶҲ£žһΪصĵطڣѾ̲סʵҶ֣ղ˵һˣʲô˼֪ҺҶӦǵһμɣ
ʼ˼仰Ǹ벻ȻʵǱﲻסˡ
ҶҲش΢΢һЦ֮϶ȻһѪ֮ƣڿн֯һŴԡ
ЩѪ֮ƣƬ֮󣬶Ȼ¶֮ɫͰ͵ĵ㣬㣬ѪѪ
Ҷ˵ͷɫѪҶû´ӦҶʦֽڵĺ˰ɣ
ⷬþѾ˵ˣǵͨ죬һͷƬ֮󣬻Ŀ֮оȻˮʱĿжȻ³һѪȻȥ
ҶһæҪͻȻ֮䣬ӾϴһɿֲţһӴӰӸ֮ϡ
ͬʱҶԺĺӰ
ҡʶ㣡


1724 ּ
ھͻȻֵӰӣҶȴҲǸеޱȵϤο˻˵ʶԼ
ڣȻһ飬һʶԼҶһ뵽᲻ԼĶʦ֣⻯񶨡
ڰ˾ǰһֱ죬Ȼ֪Ĵڣ˵Լ⻯ھˡ
ӰӵϣҶûиоκεɱߵ⣬Ϥ׽ĸоľ
ҶۣҪӰӾ˭ֻӰӾһʼƮûй̶״֮£Ҳ޷
˭
һص̾Ϣ̾Ϣ֮Ӱֿʼ˿ٵ䶯۳һ״
һеͷʨͷһĴԴͷ֮˫ǣ塢Ⱥβ϶ϸܵۡ
Ӱӵʵ֮ҶɫȻ䣬̲סһܣˮ
ӱˮ
ӱˮǵڷ˽磬׷ɱ֮ⴳ΢츮õ츮ıһӶԸ£΢츮
ΪҶõսΪ΢츮ˣӱˮҲ͸ߣֱ˲µĴ֮УδѣӰ£ԼҶĶţ졣
Ҷû뵽ԼȻ￴ӱˮȻ״̬˾ڣ
Ҳ˵ӱˮˣʧȥֻʣ꣡
Ҷͱˮ֮仹ദһʱ䣬˿ֻ̿ʣıˮټ֮ķŭ̱ɱ⣺˭ɵģ
ôҪˮǸֵͬĴۣ
ˮȴûлشҶ⣬ǿҶͷǿˣ
Ҷĵļ׷ʣˮ˭µ֣ң
ˮ¶һЦۣԼҲѾˣ
ˮͽԼľҶҲæӱˮ˼⡣ˮ㻹ǲǵ뿪˽֮飿УҶţӰµ֪𣿡
ӱˮҡҡͷҲ֪Ϊ֮󣬾͸ûпǡ
ʵľܼ򵥣Ϊ֮ѹĴڣӣҲֻһյĿռ֮УܳһʱӰ
Ϊ۵Ĵɱ䣬Ŀռ䣬ȻɣȴҲ޷ܴ֮ѹ飬ʱ۳ֽɱ˳
Ȼ֮ܵѹвΪ꣬Σͬ࣬ӵ꣬κ˶ϣõԱˮӶСѰŰȫĵط
ʵԱˮʵԿסκһ˵֮УҲһֽʬ꣬Ǹ߰ô
󣬱ˮȻоһɲ֪ԴںδѭһطϧûδʱĪľͻ˹ȥ
ֱ֮ǰ˯е꣬컽ˣ
ҶѾ侲֪ˮľӦܹԼܶеʣֻǵ֪ˮ۹֮Ƕڶŵ˵ģһʱ֮ȫɥʧ˼
ҶҲ˲ʲô֮ѹˣֱӽ˳˳ڣ˳˼άԼܵĽ⿪һЩɻ
˳ҲǼӱˮģԴ˿ٴȻҲе㾪ȣľȱҶҪٵĶ࣬ңڿˮһ̣΢΢һȻĹâ
Ҷˮľ򵥵ظһ飬ܸɴĽеⶼӸ˳
˳Ҳǲ΢һ֮˵֣ϻ꣡
ˮ;ȻҶһǵ궼ӵ˺ϻ꣡
ԣҶҡҡͷңͰͬȻôˮ;ûкϻɣ
Ҳ֪ʲôǺϻ꣬ȷҸоУֻǣҲ֪иССİá
ˮϾȻ¶һ˿˼֮ɫҶʱˣˮ꣡
겻ҸоУʮζҼÿ춼ھᣬҪҪ꣬һĥ
Ҷĺ󱳲ðһ亹Եľ죬ܹ̾ڣӦøеҰ
ȻΪˮⰮã޷;ĺϻ꣡


1725 
˳Ѿȥ򵥵һ顣
ȻҶܹͨϻ꣬ԼʵôͬΪѪһŵľ죬ȻҲԣľҲڶǰѾźõġ
ӱˮͻȻԵĵطӦǺ⥵ĵطƣҲ⣬Ҳڤڤеİţ˽ȥõӱˮ꣬ҲѭĿռ䴫󣬽뵽˾ʥأּΪɺϵҶ
ԭʵҲӦúͱˮɺϻֻ꣬챾ʵǿȻҲǱټϱˮְ꣬δʵֺϻ꣬ȻĻԲκЩ˶򲻹
˳˵Լķ̧֮ͷҶȻԴķʽܿ˱ˮ룬ǰǲǽ֮ӵȫĳַʽռһĹΪľЩˣлԵõ
ĿģʦôĿʲô
ȻǺ۹Щ˵뷨һ۾꣬
Ҷգգ۾ʦҪֱǵںһ𣬿ˣôһʥǶˣ
⣬ĿǰҲ֪ǴĿǰĿܣˮ⥣ټСԣǲ֪İ£ڣѳĸ᲻ͬĹӶΪɾǵĻԵ
ҶĬˣΪȻ뵽һ⣬Ҫ֮ĻСô죿ѵҪСɱӲĽƳԼĳֵѣкϻꣿ
˭µ֣
˭ָ֣
ЩȲ˵ˡҶ˸ʥΪʲôôɣʮʱ֮ڣܵ˱ɽ
û뵽⣬˳Ȼ˴𰸣һôƶģҲ֪ƶԭ֪ʮ󣡡
˳Ҷ˵ʮ˷֮ռ䷨ʱ䷨󷨵֮£ҲǴͨһͨʥغӵһҲͨռķ֮ЩǿƵ˱ɽ
βǰ֮⣬ûܹ֪ˡ
һĴ𰸣ʵеϣҶĺлܹԼλʦ֣λܣͨ˼µʦ֡
ҶƵ̾˿ĵʵʦ֣Լʦʦ㣬һͨأ
Ҳʦ˵ԼʵʼնµԼԼδδЩԼʦʦǣھǸԵΪյԼ̺һһĵ·ԼЩ·ѪʦԸ
ʱ򣬾췢һ۾ÿӱˮΣȻ¶һ˿֮ɫǺܿƽ
ԴУڱˮ겢ûп־壬ȻĿǰֲֻ֪ޣΪһı˵Ĺؼ
죬ˣҶȫ뷨ЦݵĿ˾죺õģںܰȫû˻˺㣬˵˵ľɣ
һᣬ㽫Լľ˵˳˳Ʋȫһˣĸ磬һ˳ɳ˷սڻڱɽֻ֣û뵽ײ֮£һڵĿռ䣬Ҳˮ֪꣬ѾԼڡ
ԥһ£е㲻˼ĽŵʵﻹиĿģϣܹҵڵĴУ
еڣȻҶĶʦ֣ڣͨⷬҶ֪ӶʦֲδʥʦԼĴͨѪŴԼĺˣԿڿഫķʽԼصĵص㡣
֮ҪҵʦֵĴУԭȻΪʵ̫ˣ
죬ʦֵĴ֮ؽʲô֣
ڽ磡
˳ЩʲôҶȴȻֹˮ꼴̻һâ»ص˾ڣһĮĻ͸Ͻ뿪
һһɫװߵҶ˵ǰһֱֻ֮ϾȻɢһĿɫ棬ϻ֮Уӳճһ°µ
Ҷ˳ȻǲʶǾڿ˵ʱ¶˿־֮ɫҪ֪ǰοʱ򣬶ûη壬Ȼ֪˵ݡ
ΪҶԼҶֵܣǳ˶Ը߸ϵйη֮⣬κ˶ηͷ
˿̵Ŀ־壬Ҷ˳У֪Ҫ޿ģ¶ɳѪˣĵ׷ֲӦеĿ־壬źġ


1726 º
Ҷľļ򣬺߶ʱоһůһǿս⣬Լ壬׵ľͷвĿ־塣
ȻǰӶԿʶҶ߰ɣòҪǡ
˵֮󣬾쾹ȻתԶԶƹӣȥ
ҶüͷѵһӣͬʱҲþģӣԾˣֻܺ˳һЦҲӣھ뿪ˡ
˵Ҳɣ˸ո뿪ͬһһ˵ǰҶҶҸղſˣ

ȻҶ֪˿ֲĹϰɱ֯ǽֻǻĲǱ鲼죬û뵽Ȼˣһʦִʥľʥ֮С

֣΢΢һ֯ѾǧδˣôȻûʧˣǸòΪǰɣ
ղҶȻҲԼ򵥵ĺ;˵һ飬ʱޣܶ鶼ûн
Ҷ΢΢һЦӦǰɣڻʱ򣬾ί׷ɱңû뵽Ȼ׷ˣȥǰɣ
ȻȻеη壬׳ŵӸҶߣҶΪԷ⣬˳˻ȥ
죬ǱǶʦ𣿡
ǵģᵽԼĽ¶Ժ֮ɫԾͦͦŵΪѪģֻϧֻһ˲ڣһУҶûȫѧᡣ
ѪҶ֣еԼһѪû뵽ʦ־ȻҲΪƵĽΪѪֲͬͬ
˵ڣһ࣬ǵ򷨹һнȻںϳΪһײڽֻǲΪʲôһУѪ֮С
ֻһУܹڻͨȫյĻһн˺¡
˵֮䣬ѾҶǰɱֵλã˵ɱ׷ɱһˣȻ֮УûӹĻۣԱ֡
Ϊ۾֣ӵ͵߷ֱΪۣۣۣۺͷۡ
ڷ˽ʱ򣬰Ѿۣź⥵ĺϻ꣬۽˻ۣܹ͸
ֻϧѾȥ¥գֻһʯԭأϡһЩģĺۼ
ҶͰתһȦҲûɱֵټֻգ׼оһʯϵĺۼʱһϤȻԶԶĻ͸Ͻ뿪
ˣǸ¾װӣȻִԶٸҶ˵ǰ۾ȴǸûпǣֱֱĶʯȻ׷Ѱǰۼġ
̬ȣ̲סüͷȻСĴˣ뿪
ҶЦЦʵ죬˭
º
ºһλʢĴ֮ʱ콵ƣʵĪ⣬أа֮ˣΨһȱǼΪԸ񵽼£˵֮ʱһܼ￴ʣҪΪͽܣºĽԷһ٣ҵƾԼȻλһ顣
λܵʱͷпպɾͱضˣΪҲǲܵ¡
Դ֮ºȻԶҲ˲ٺ֮˵Ĺж֮ˣ˵δܹ뿪ġ
ˣЩˣºһη塣
ȻºҲѰҷսڣû뵽˾ʥأڵĸۼȤǸ߰ƧԸȻԼڲʱ򣬻ڳ
ʵϸϸº̬˾лǱοκЩΪۼͽɱ˵ݽʵҪº̫ࡣ
ھΪҶǽº¼ʱʼձ˵ºȻٴοڵ뿪ѵû𣿡
߸ϵʵǼΪܡ
쿴ҶͰĸ֣һƢûУΨһľǸϽ뿪ҶͰȴӶЦ˭
ֺʮɣղǼ̫δԳӡϣλʩʧ
ðɣҶʼžȥ
˿̵ľĿɿڴȻе޷ţԼη֮绢ºҶͰ˾Ȼ˭֣
ºȻҲ˵ĶԻȻתʮһʩˣ
£һɺȻӿ˫ѾٵĽӡ֮ȭӡ޹˼ɵº˹ȥ


1727 
˵ղοǣûȫڣλľʢºʽһӡ˳
󳪴һͷɫǱڵĽԴǻ֮ȭӡºȥ
ºȷʵͬѰоһоһӡ̺֮Ͻħ֮ȥӲӣ䣬ٵȥ
¡
ȭӡԶһߵСɽֱӽСɽ飬ʯɽ̳
һУ˫ٴνӡһɾߺճ֣߿ڴţºһҧ¡
ºٶһȼɫֱۣȭӭž߷ȥ
䣡
ȭͷȻֱ˾ߵĿУһɴضɽҡ֮УȻըķ顣
ɲһľߣǰٻ˲֮ĦȣŰٱ䣬ԾõȻɢŨҽ⣬â֮УȻһֻ
ɫſаףׯϣͷһͬ͹߿һȻ̺֮⣬ҶǱӹһ˿ˣھѾ£
¥ޣ
ͬΪ˲֮һ˵ΪʳʵĦȺͽҪǿĶࡣ
¥һţֱºȭͷºȭͷӲǺȻһ˿Ȼ˾ĿУɫΪ֮һ䣬æȭسзһȡ
ͬ쳹أȻ;Ľͥ񣬲ű֮ͷ֮ϸֳһ
Ҷ۾гһ죬ѹº˿ȻʵϣȻѾԼһӵһ硣
ӿ۳һ磬׵¥˫һչԥĴܽƬɫ硣
顱һ֮£¥޵徹Ȼǳһֱֱˤ˵ϡ
Ϊ֮ޱȣȻԪֲҲѰܹܣԳƬ磬ֻ¥޾Ȼ޷ѹ䵽˵£̼䣬ΧЩѾͬƹ֮һ㣬ƬƬ¥޵ӿȥֱѹס
ȻҶ֪ºʩչһ磬ȻҲô¥޴УȻһգԾ¥ԴƣҶȴҲż
ٿͬƽֻԺǽɫѾ֣֮£ׯϣ߷ԡ
ﬣ
֮УͻȻ۳һɫɢϣ¥޵ͷƵ¥޾Ȼƺ֮ʧһӱİ˵˵ϡ
ۡһϽ£׵ն¥޵Դͬʱ˫֮ͻȻʢдһޣ
¥Ƕѵľ֮УĲѪһּֿĽЩȻһɰԵɱ¾ֱ֮Χһļ
֮У۳һӰأͷۣ£˫֮£ӿ
ޣ˲֮Ϊͺöɱ֮صһ壡
ڷڵֻ֮У֮һŰ޵֪һǿͿ¡
ڿУֱֻͬʱӶͷųǧɱ֮еɢֱ𶯣ǲһȻһ޴ѷ죬ۿҪ
ºѾ΢΢ȻþȫֵŰǿ־ս
ͬʱºĴսʵ̫˾ʥ֮Уǵע⡣
磬º
֮еǸͷ۵Ӱ˭Ϊ䰡Ͷ֮䣬ͷųٵ֮
Ȼܹºһ𣬶ƺºǴ·أǸ˵˭
˵֮ºϵŨȻԸ˼µ˵ЩΪĴҶݷӶ̼ĲЦеĶԾվǷߣĻȱڻδ֣ȻĻºѾſˡ
ԭеη壬Ŀ˰ºĴս֮Ѿһɢֻǵɴ۾Ķս֡
¡
ΰֱӳƬɫ磬ºͬܣһѪģҡβڿвҡڣƺʱܵͷ
ˣºȴҲûзֻȻ˫鱧ţǰֻȼɫֱ֮ϣʶһ㣬һ˿˿ӿۼ鱧˫֮䡣
һɾ˵
Ҷ۾ȴڴ˿Ȼɴһ֮عæŰһҪ


1728 Ѱҽ
ҶǺ⣬ð飬Ҫº仰ºĶУɾͲζˡ
ˣ
ʱ鱧ŵ˫֮䣬ЩѾ۳һǹһȻǹâһҶһԼμתһ⣬Զȥ
Ȼڰϳ˿֪ԼǶ֣ѡߡ
ǹâ֮ռĿʼһѷһͣҪһɣ
ºһͬʱˣҶͰ˭Ҳҵġ
ӡԽֵǹҶһ쵲˫־ȻҲ鱧ţһΡɽ˫֮䡣
ֻϧ˿ºѾǧ֮⣬ûпһĻȻĻӦܹΪʲôղҶð飬Ϊʲô¶֮ɫ
ΪºҶʩչģȻǡս
䣡
촫ºǹâͬʱҶͰɢʱҶҪ׷ҲӰˣֻܰһϧ
˿̰ҲҶս΢һô£صҶߣѯʵĵսһ
ҶͷܿҲǵõ΢˵ĴУº΢ˣҲ֮仹ĳֹϵ
ʱʹһԵľڻعǡҶĻæ΢ˣ˵ǽ΢츮λ΢𣿡
ҶȵĵôҲ֪
ͷȻ֪΢Ĵܣ˵Ȼֻһ˵һҲ˵ĵλʵ֮ߣھ޿ɱģ۵Ȳ
ҶǿĵȻĻҲܻǰ˽磬Ѱ΢츮΢˵Ĵˡ
΢˺º֮ʲôϵ
ҵû˵ôһ˵λȻԶڴʲôϵ
ҶҲΪԼ϶ºģʱݣʵڲУ΢츮ӳЩӦþдˣҲپڴˣǳûԾ죬ºȷǿ󣬵һҲһģûԶǿĴڣҪסΪˣκ˲κʱ򶼲ҪԷƱģҿ϶ҵʦֵĲڽ磬ѧĲڽ
֪ˣ
ĵͷҲɵȻҶʱ˵ⷬĿģۼʶҶͰ˵ʵ֮Ҳ˲١
ˣʱҲȥӡˣڽսܷƾʦֵѪԵϵҵڣһҵʥշʱǿĦһС
ã
ҶΪս;˽֮ͬΪѪĺˣϧ
ս֮£ҲŤŤҶ˰ʦҪ󣬶ҶȴЦŰڰֵʦˣΪʵǸְʦԷģֻҪһ죬Ҿͻᾡȫ㣬ţԲû֮
ҶսѪͬʱѪ֮ʥеһУȻƬ֮;ϲĴһɸߵʦҵˣҵˣ
ߣ
һ˲ٵ飬սĸоھʥ֮Ѱҽ˵ڡ
ת˴аʱ䣬·ȻһЩ֣ҲбŶģǵǿϳǽºܵǸ֮ﻹƣȫԾعԹߡ
һߵСɽ֮ǰսһָʦҸоɽжٻҡ
ҶͰСɽһȦҲûзʲôڣһϼ֮£Ҷֱӳ֣ڿУһȭСɽ
֮УСɽȻһѪɽгֱʣòɢֻҪھʥ֮е飬ȫ
ʲô
϶Ǳȥ
ȵң
𣡡
˷ʿ֮⣬ڸؾʥصЩǣڿƵѪ֮Ҳǰ̵˹
˷һɹɵҶüͷȻšΪкȻŶٴﵽĸ֣Ҫ٣ͰӦڸϹʮˣɴ
ȻսȴȻһָԶʦȥ
Ҷ˲˼еԭ򣬼ȻսʱڣȻĵһѽ䱧𣬶ҲǴž죬սָ֮ȥ
¡¡
һ㣬ĴؾȻʼѣһֲľ޴ԨҶͷʱϺȻսʦңǿҪֱˣ


1729 ͽ
սĻҶһȻս죬ûжΪʦ񣬵ǼȻͽܣʦִʥĺˣôҶٻᾡԼȥǻ𽥳ɳ
Ȼս쾹Ȼ˵ҪҶֱȻҶ𺳲ѣæʵô£ս죬ǲǸ֪ʲô
սͷ¶˼ȸֱ˵ڻ˵ʥعȻ˵ģǲκκ˶ӵУҪþʥص֧ȨԼ˼ҵĴУôΨһİ취Ǵ졣
죿
ǵģʥйоŸؿڸݾ첼öģֻҽŹȫܵõˣܵõеĴС˵սһָǰʦ㿴һػˡ
˳սָȥԶһƬԵĺˮ˿̺ˮͬտһϵķڣˮ֮£һƬĹâ֡
ҶͰĿٿȥܹ壬֮оȻ̨ͤ¥Լһ޴ĳǳء
ǳأҶǼΪϤǻǣȻƬǴʥģ첼óĵһĹؿ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾƬ֮ǰʥеˣǰͺ̵ĳղѪɫ֮Եøƽ
ȻҲǴʥսİţȻǵ;ʥػᱻ˴룬ΪԼĺܹõԼĴУһһأٵˣǽԼĺˡ
վҶֻעƬŻĵһأܹогľ⣬ŹؿӲô״İ
Σ𣿡
ûУ仰սԥһ˵ģҽŵ޷ͻƾŹأҲʱ뿪ǡ
ҶôûпսһԥرȻΣգֻս첻ԸԼ̫ģ˵ˣ
ҶҲƣͷǾͺãս죬Һһͬȥ
УʦֻսҺ˲ʸ룬ˣʦһҽŹأôʥؾͻԶƣЩ֮⣬е˶ᱻͳԡ
սղѾҶ˵вǰµĺۼû˶ûкʵĻԵϧȻûˡ
ԴˣҶҲѾǵˣûϵպеǻᣬս죬ȻҲܺһȥôҾھʥص㣬овʱ˳򲻿ǿԺʥҲܲˡ
ȻսȴҡҡͷʦҾˣ˵ҵĻԵ޷ƿŹأõĴУҾͲ
ҶȻ۾ԼͽܣѾĴкϴһɾͼ㣬ȻѾ׼˾ҪԼʵȥӮԼսҵĴУʥ֮
ȻҶŲͲ̣Ǵ˿֪Լ֣սȥԼ·ȥԼΡ
΢һҶָһѪɫâֱսüģս죬ʦûʲô͸ģͽҶսʽսԼƽһЩ͸㣡
룬ҶͳһװҩƿսеЩҩҲţҲõϣҾͲˣϾʥʦֵսʽǿޱȣҪκ
ս˫۽գӿֳһɿϲ֮ɫҶڵʵ;磬֮ĸ򣬶ս˵һ޿ɹĲƸ
ʵǿйķҶ޳ɣȵսܹԼߵʱͨԴ̣һԼȥȥ⣬ûʱɣַֻսڴŹ֮ʱܵʵ硣
ϣҲܿҶԼͽܺǴϵҲ̵ʵϣĺںÿˣǰս죬ǻǬȻڷ˽ɣ
ֻǣʱҶɼ
ҲսǰҶʦлһЩǴ˿̣ȴȫûЩ뷨ͻСѾܹᵽʦԼĹĺͰ
սͨһڵأҶĿͷлʦ
ҶҲûоܾ΢Цĳˡ
ʩϣսվҶʦҾͲʦкˣҸ˵һҲǣʦңͽضʦʧһ㴳Źأʱ򣬺ʦս
սĪ磬Сڻ֮ãԺǵĸ鼫Ϊ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷڴһ죡Сģ㣬ȥɣ
սһĿ˿Ҷ;죬һ֮תȥ󲽶УƬɫĹâ֮У


1730 üĵĻ
սӰһƬɣʥضʱ˾޴𵴣Ҷ֮⣬˶׵׷ʲô
֮ϣһһɫâ𣬸ָĴ·ڿܼ֣Щâ·д͵ãǱ֮ˣûκεĵֿ֮˲ͱͳ˾ʥء
ҶȻҲ⣬һʹâȵâɢ֮Ѿڱɽ֮УǰȻҲû˾ʥأҶųҲ޷֪Ĵڣ֪ײںδ
ˣҲ϶Ǳ͵˸طҶǵߵûпӰ
ʥسֵĿģΪս죬ĿѾﵽҲ֮ʧֻеȵս촳Ź֮󣬲ٴˣ
Ҷʣзп֮Ȼսķһ˿ʧ䣬ǲôֻսܹɹĽܴʥС
ǽȥ
ĻҶĳ˼ž¶һ˿ڴ֪ͬΪѪˣĿսѡ֮󣬾Ҳϣܹҵڽ磬õڽĴС
Ҷûϻش𣬶˼ǰϢĿǰıɽУӦòֻоʥһ磬磬˳Ʋ⣬ʦ㲼µʮͨռʱ䷨֮ȫϵһ
ôЩоͰˣԼľλʦʦٵأ
ǵĻǲڽҲǼпܾͲܡ
죬㻹ҵ󴳽ȥǸط𣿡
תͷ˿ܣ¶Цҡҡͷڱɽ⣬һҵɽУҶ֪ڵλںδҲˡ
Ļո£ˮͽ𣺡ҵ
ܣҶüëﲻе֣ˮԵĶô֪Ǹطλá
Ǹطܾó֮⣬ƺһ֮ꡣ
仰ͬһһ㣬ҶԺը죬ȻĪ硣
Դӽ뵽ڵĿռ֮ĪǱ˸һҶ²ĳ͵͵ǱĪ壬ڱˮȻоԵĵطȻĳ֮꣡
ȥ
ˮû˵ǾѾָһ
ȻǱˮԼ꽫Ǹطλø˾죬裬һ仰ûиҶ
ǾоǸ֮꣬ҪǿĶ࣡
ΪӣԼĸ߰ȻԸʵԱˮѡ˳Ĭ
ڱˮָ֮£Ҷһ˻ʱŵ˵ĵطһ·֮ϣҲһЩˣΪûľףټаλºĸ֣Ա˴֮䵹Ҳûзʲôִ
ͬҲһÿĴ켤ĵ
Ҷûмȥǽ˳˳ڸ·ͬʱҲע۲ŵεƣӶƬɽֵĴ״˳ȻҲ˵ʮѪ֮ƵĴλá
ڣҶԿ϶ֿĴʮۣӴʮ󣬾ԲӦֻʮѪ֮ƹɣҪ˳һ£ܷҳڡ
в²ⶼȷĻô֮ȻҲǲ֮ĵط
һ˽У˳ϸ۲ҶƳļ򵥵ĵͼ֮˳˼
Ȼкǰ֮صĿռ伸ȫһ컨ϣǽϣҲŹڱˮıڻ
ֻǣûд۾ĽɫʯͷԼӱˮʬ塣
ҶѸٸռ䣬ûзκĲҲ֮Уһ֮Ļ϶ҪԼǿ
ˮ֪֪Ǹʥ֮ʲôط
ĬƬ̺ӱˮ𣺡ֻ֪⸽ǾλҲ
Ѿ֪龭˳Ҷʵи򵥵İ취ҵꡣ
ֵҶĬˣΪ֪˳˵İ취ǽĪг
ֻ̫ðգĪӦѾһĨʺ꣬ٱһȥĻ깲һ֮УĪ˵Բʲô¡
ﶷ˰֮ҶǲԸĪȥðգҧҧȻϳ֣ҲͲùˣźˣߣ
˵֮ҶתߣȻʱü֮Ȼһ⣬һȵʹд˹
ţ˶ĿҶѿü֮УȻһŻ棡


1731 
Ҷֻ궼ڱһܻգĿǰʵܹٿȻ޷ɻ
һѾԸоԼ֮еǷȻҲȼ
пĪˣҪǱյˣȻҲǻɢΪС

ҶŭҴоֵ˻УһӰζ˶ӻд˳
ѾɵˣעǰֵôӰˣޣ治֪Ҷǲ֮еġ
˵Ҳ֣Щȫ˻֮ҶϵĻ澹Ȼ˲Ϩ𣬶ҲһӰˣǰȥ
磡
ǸӰĪ磬˿̵ƺûҶٻֱռҶæӺ׷ϣһѽֱסȥ
Īβòͣת壬˫ĿֱֱĶҶϺȻ¶һЦݣҶĵģû£ҲѣұҪȥ
һζĻҶ˶΢΢һ㶣ĪҲѾҶƣǰȥ
һӰȴǽ˹ȥ֮Ȼһɿ񱩵ڳ˴󲿷ֶҡβ
𣡡
ǳǳŭĺռ֮ȻͬʱеĹҲǴźĪǰɨȥ
¡
ܵǽܹסǳݵһ˲̮ǾʱҶͰٴοڰ֮УһĨʺӽǳݵĹֱӳĪüġ
磡
Ҷô󺰳˲Īߣȴٴ̧ͷ֮һһţɫЦĵҶܣ˵û£õңˣȥһطɣ
˵֮ĪסҶĸ첲Դ΢΢ʹκ˶ûпһ˿ͱˡ
ҶܹĻͻֱᷢ飬֮ǰʵոսϼ
Ҷһʧ״̬֮£ȻıĪعţ
Īͣ˽Ų΢΢ҶҶ˿סĵƽĿǵҲ˭Ҳʲô飬ֻҪԸ뿪ӵ壬ҿΪκ£κ£
Ĩʺ죬꣬ȫ뵽Ī壬ΪԼӣҶ˵Ըκ£ֻԼӵƽ
˶ųĬ˳Ҳֹͣ˼עҶĪ磬û˷֣ʱ˿̣СݿĪĿ֮Уȴ¶һɻ
ĪҶĻ֮󣬾ȻЦˣЦ֮ۿȴʪˣָҶյҶܣϹ˵ʲôأҾ磬ӰҵҲúõģˡ
𣿡
ĪϤЦݣһҶĺͿˡ
ȻԿ϶ԼۻĪֹΪͱ仯ڳ˶ĿãڵĪȷʮ
⵽ô£
ȻĪֽŵ֪ʱ䣬ҵıе㷴ʵʲôԭԼ֪Һ֪ܿˣʱһὫһжģң
ҶڳĬúӣȻ㣬ղ˵ȥһط֪һط𣿡
Ī翴˳ЦŵӦ֪ɣ
˳˵ͷӦѾ֪ˡ
ʮ󷨲ãټҶĴµĵͼ˳ƲӦʮ
һԭȵƲìܣΪֻܹоŸȥѾϻСԣֻʣӣȫ룬Ƕֲ֮ʲôأ
˵ʮ֮УҲÿ֮жꣿ
ȻҲ޴Ʋ⣬ֻеȵ˵ط֪
Ҷٴͻػ磬ȻͰˣžǰһۡ
Īı仯Ҷѡ˳Ĭû֪ĵġ
ʱȥҶȻַʮѪ֮ƣ˳һÿĴ֮ǰ
˳пյ˵µһռ䣬ȻޱߵĺڰҶһռеĳ֮󣬾̲סһУ
СΪҶͰڹâȻһ̣ҲǱǰֵľһһ
ǰ۲ͬȻҲټĿռ䣬ǲûʲôڻǰʮ֮Ȼֱſһֻ˶ޱȵޣ峤ɣͷβҸ˫ϳСɽļ̣ɫ·˫Ŀգû˿ϢȻҲһʬ塣


1732 ʦֵ
ȻֻϻޣȻҲˡ
ܿ죬˴ӻֻӵʬ壬Сٴε¶֮ɫĸ壬ֵһˡ
仰ͬҶڣ˵Ŀ̾Ϳ˳۴ڳôˣ˭ܱȵù
ôûʲôĻ꣬Ҫ˳кϻˡ
ôעţ˳ѵõ¶˲˼ɫǲôңûϻ֮ǰ˭Ҳ֪Ե˭ҶԿ
˶֪ίʵҲȻһ˿ϣȫʼŹͨꡣ
ҶĿȴûעǣǶĪϣȻĪѾԽˣӴʬ壬ĪСļֱһֻϡ
ȻҶҪĪȴƴԼ˫ֽճȭ΢΢
Ϊǰ˱뻭֮һ˳˵һ仰
ҲȷʲôԣȫҪôģΪʲôΣյĻǰӦûԤ֪ĵһԷʵû˿ɺ磬ԣҲĻԵ
ң˳ĻŵʦͨҶҲʮ漰Ī磬޷侲޷ġ
ǻսʤУҪǷҲҪĪ塣
ڸղ˳˵ɽܻʮ۵ʱҶ뵽һ⣬ѵ˵ÿ֮г֮⣬һΪǿ꣬궼ὫĪΪĿꣿ
ĻĪ֮ǻʮ
˵ʵ뷨ҪҶˣ˵ĪˣԼҪͻȻʮİǿ꣬»ѡֱɱ˽
ȻĪƸǽŵʱһĨʺ켤ȻƣҶȻǵһʱ˹ȥһסĪ֣ѯû£ĪȴȻָʬĺ󷽵Ҷܣ֣
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣Ϊʬʵ̫ټطһƬڣֵĻԼͰһۣһ۶ûпĪôģ
ĪůҶֱȥɣҺܺãһһһЩ顣
Ҷھ֪ǿĪ̬ļֻܵͷҲ˹վĪߣ˼ҶȥᱣĪ硣
Ҷɿƣ䣬ѾԽǰɳ壬ĺ󷽣һϸѰңȻβʹĵطһ֡
Сʦܣʿģ飬Ĳ飬֮һ֣͸ƣ֮֮
򵥵һ仰ȴҶ㶵Ŀ֪ĪС֮ˣѾĵվȫĿ⣬עŵϵ֡
֣ÿ˶е𺳣ʵм˼ܼ򵥣֮ˣʦܣҪ֮һ֣
֮ˣҲ֪϶λУСʦܣҶ֮⣬˭أ
򵥵˵仰иҶУ޵ģ飬Ҳ̫ܳĸ飬֮һ֣Ϊʿ޷͸Ҳ޷ƣôõķȻǷ¡
飬к֣ܶ飬飬顭
Ȼвû˵ҪҶ飬ڿ֮ȴĽĿͶĪ磡
Դ̤⥵Ĳػ֮ؿʼĪı仯ÿ˶ֱ仯µĺҶԽԽĪ硣
֮飬ΪɷӦֳ̬ȣһУƺԤ֮Уֱ˵ĸҶҪɣҪ顣
˵ֱ׵㣬Ҷ¶Īĸ飡
ֻǣǲףΪʲôе£һ̾ţһȴʺš
һ̣û˵˳Ҳûκε뷨еһУֻҶԼȥ
Ϊ˲ҶѹϢ˺Ҷһ˾ȥ˼
ҶǰƺһλɫۣͷڽʿȷǷ΢ЦƵᡣ
ʦ֣ҷ飬ôʦʦ㣬ʦǷ𣿡
ʦ֡Ȼ˵ֻЦĿҶҶȴѾŵһûţȻͲᴦĻǵǰΪҲúýһУΪʦֵܣΪһҲʦ⣬Ҳ飡
ʦ֣֪㣬ȥδ֮УµҸҲ϶ΪҺã
ǣԲʦ֣ңţ


1733 һŻ
ڴ˵Լľ֮ҶȻת뿪ּߵ˵ǰҲעȴľ
ҶԼҲĪߣһ˫ĸסӵС֡
˶˿ÿ˶ܿĳˡšľ֮Ҷ˾ȫ侲
ҶĿϰߵͣ˳ϣҲ¶΢Цϲ㣡
Ȼ꣬Ѿ˳Լ꣬Ҳһı仯ȫϵı仯ʵȻȴĲࡣ
ԭҲܼ򵥣Ϊ˳ûаôǿ޷̫ʵֻҶܸоĳò˶ãҲӦûӭˡ
˳ҲЦˣȻɫɣȴһ£ΪղĹ̵Уҵ
֮ΪģȻʵҲǿĿ£½ʣ꣬Ҳ˳
֮һһھһҵĶǶ֮˳ųɹĽշ
˳ϲ֮ҶɫƽĽŵߴһ£սʱ뿪ˡ

ʱڲע⵽ȻǸǿöսѾˡ
ҶעĪķӦ¶ıˣٴƽ˲١
ս죬ٿ֤Ȼ磬ĳδ֪Ķ
Ҷսľ򵥵˵һ飬˵УĿתĪ磺磬ڿԸһЩ˰ɣ
ĪûоܾЦԼͷ֪Ҷʱı仯һܺ档
ĬȻÿ˵϶ŵ֮ɫĪദʱԽãԽǶе塣
ʮŮӣ֮£ȴһͲεģ
Ī翿ҶļϣɫƽĵʵҲûʲôԴӽڵǸռ֮УҾ͸еʲôڶҷٻҲ˵֮ٻģꡣ
ҶٴսĪ֣ҲŵָоӦñҪʼһΪԼĴֱҵõʯͷĨʺ죬ȻҾĪӿһЩҵļ䡣
Īͳԭ۾Ľʯͷаš
Ҷʯͷһۣ̲סʵٻľʲô
ֱ֪Ҳֻ֪֪ٻڰɣûж⣬оڤڤ֮עҷٻһҲͺǵĺϻҲһ
֮ǰһֱ˵ΪԼ˵ֱղţָܵǸ֮ҵļ͸оһЩӶЩ顣
ĪĽ͵ΪֹˣҲʵףٻ˵ЩٻĴڣΪĪڣ˵кϻ꣬ӵ˺ܶйļ䣬ҲһϵзΪ
Ҷڻģǲ֮ڣЩٻĴڣʲô
ȻЩĿǰǲܻд𰸣ҶҲϰ˱Χӣûж룬վ뿪ʱ򣬺ȻԵСݣ½ǣСĵҶ磬ңҿü棬һŻ𡣡
СݵĻҶȻһæСݱСݣ㿴ˣʲôĻ𣿡
С̧ͷĪһۣѸٵĽ۾ϵǺɫĻ𣬺ôۣҲ̫ܿʱ䡣

˵ĿȻȫĪüģǣҶͰ޷ʲô
ĪԼҲüģãȻ֮ɫΪû˿ĸо
ֻСݵĻҶǰԼǹһ𣬺Ȼһ
᲻ĳֻꣿ
ͬӰأȹȵȣҲ۵ȼĻ߼ʥ
ˣǻĻΪֹĪڵѾˣܲʮ֮Уʮɣ
Ҷ˰֣˼Ͼȥȥʮۣʮ֮Ӧþдˡ
ˣ뿪ɣֻǲ֪ûͨĴ󣡡
У
شҶľȻĪ磬ԼƺҲе㲻˼ĳҶͷȻָʬһд󡣡
ҶЦҡҡͷҲûȥԭ򣬴˹ȥȻһ
˶ͻ˻֮Ҷ;죬ҲֱӴ˴
˵ǰȻһȻһɽˮ㣬ʮ磬ʱʼձֳĬľ죬ͻȻһ˷ܵĺָһ򣬼ֽ
һߵʯɷдѪĴ֡ڣ


1734 
ȻǸ˸ǳĺ棬һӰһǳ֮ϣϻ̳ϿֵĵˣѾõ֮꣬ĹҲֻһ֮ң
ɣڳĬƬ̺𣺡ô˳ǲǸøӵѶȣ
ˣĿǰϹ壬۹ˣλ˵ĺˣѾۼĹܣֻҪټȻչ׷ɱ⣬֪ܼ֮ꡣ
ŶΪʲô
Ϊһ֮Ѿȵߡ
£
Ҳд֮ˣңĴҲеĵжû뵽һ
УߣȤȤȻСû㵽飬Ȼˣ˱·βˣ⣬ȥ̽һֻҪɱôУУҸıˣսĹ֮ʱ
ǣˣֻǷսǽ磬ǰ˽磿
Ҽǵ˵ƽȣȻˣȻ磬飬˶ʸμӷսˣ
Ӱ̲סһ£ˣ
Ӱ˳Ƭٴ˲ɣѪһţĹ֮ʲôûϵʲôΪã

ڽ磡
¶˷֮ɫֱ޷ݣʵûʯһһԴѪĴУжϵĳѰҵĲڽ磡
һ̣޲̾ͳܣѪָѰҵĴУһĲڽ
Ҷȴû뿪ǺͰˣĴܣﾹȻûд֮ѹҪǣ֮⣬ûκڣ
һҶͽٻ˳Ҳ̽һԴڽڵ硣
Ҷļ򵥽ܣȻ˷ܲѣڻôãĪ֮⣬˶Ҫˣòôһõġŷ硱ᣬȻܴ
һȺ˺ܿɢ˿ûʲôǰµۼ
ҶǣĪ֣ھȥѰҲڽĽˡ
֮󣬾췢һ˷ܵĴУҵˣ
ǰȻһ
̵һӣòͦΣƮƮٷƮһŽأȻһʯͷĵ񣬵ȴΪ˸о˫Զ˫֮УŻꡣ
ڣ
ѾڵأĿͷȻλӣǽڡ
ھͷ֮ҶҲǰȥһ񣺡Ҷݼʦ֣
ȻĪҲԱһ
ֱӣĪžڵĵĵʦֺǣʲô飬ڵ֮жӦ˳
Ҷͷһ̾ǰ
ʵֹѪһŴϵ£һûǣҵأ
ĪҲһ̾˶ʦ־磬ȻзŲµ顣
ҶͻȻһ磬˵ʲô
˵ʦ־ȻзŲ¡
˵ĪҲ֪ͣԼĻҶǰʬ֮Եһ֣˶ҶǾ䡰Ҳš
ҶûʣĿŽĵĵŲ£Ų£ʦַŲµӦҲ֮һְɣڣڣӦ˵Ȼûз£ȴҲ𣿡
ȻŲ£ǾͲ粻ţ
һ˵꣬Ҷ̼ʧ״̬ѹȻվһԱϹϾľ죬ȥս˰ɣ

˵ͷߵԱߣٴϹҲдʣȻһѪ˵֮ϡ
Ѫ˳˵֮Уɢĺ⣬ŵѲ߮Ĵһһĺߣ֮ϣÿһξ룬һ۵С㡣
ɻ󣬲Щߺͺ˼
Щߺ㣬ҶʮϤΪÿһ߾ʹһ֮۵һС㣬ѨλԴѨСͨѨ
ȻȫǷ̵ģڲľѨλܹͨѪֳ
Ҷǽһ֣Щߺͺ㣬еǿģеʵģһȻףĵȻѾͨѨλʵĵδͨѨλ
ϸһ֮ϣͨѨλȻﵽٶ
ҶҲ̲ס˿ܹ֮߰ٶʮѨλԽԽѴͨû뵽ʦ֣ȻܹͨٶѨλ
ϸһҶ֣ʦִͨѨλ϶ͨѨλʮѨʮѨȴһ붼ûдͨ
ӣڴͨѨλ˳ҶͬҶʼͨѨΪǺȴѨΪΪֹҶڵѨѾͨһ룬ֻʣ¼ûдͨ
Ҷ˼ʱͻȻﬡһбŵǱȻĴӽ֮


1735 
˭ҲûϵǱȻ潣ھѪĴ̼֮£İ˳
ȻҶ֪ǱѪΪѪھϣǴ˿ͬҲɢѪɫâҫ۶Ŀڽա
ȻˣѪ⣬һ֮£ԼͬŴ˵ظ˹
ҶҲͬѪ֮µıʲôӣǴ˿ҲˣҧأȫһߵĪ硣
Ī类Ҷ˵ʮ׿⣬˼򵥵һ˶ȴҶһģԵڵء
Ϊʱ˿̣һɿֲѹѾȫ˽ʮ׷ΧҶҲ޷ֵѹ
Ǿһ¶ûУǸѹӰһΪŽѪ˿Ҳͬʯͷһԭأ𾪵ĿǱѾγһı
ˣȻڵһʱ˹ȴȫǹѪ޷ǰֺͬȻעÿ˵жͬͷ
⣬ǽʵһһδȫʵͷų˿ֲѹ˳ֵĻֻʲôһ־󣿿£߸ϵҲ˰ɣ
ͬʱ˵ڵصҶȴǸоΧĻͻȻ˱仯˿̵վһƬ֮УϦ£һ΢紵ЩķҶƬƬƮ䣬ͬһһ㣬ڿлˡ
ɫ˼£ϧҶڸûΪ˿ǰȻվһˡ
һʤѩڷ裬һŽصĿӣȥò֮ͦ⣬ǹʱʱ¶Ǹע⡣
˵ĳҶղſһģһ
Ȼǽڣ
ҶԥƬ̣ڵʦ֣
ڵ΢΢¶һ˿ЦݣȻҶŮӣǴ˿̿΢ЦпȻǾͺӣʦҪԶˡ
ܹиаĻҶԷһȽϣôϵڶû˸ҵһ
Цݿڵ׼𣿡
Ҷʵ׼ʲô
ЦٿȻоһȻҶִĿĸоͬʱҲ֪ˣԼҪ׼ʲô
Ȼ׼ӦڵĹ
ȻҶΪʲôԼ￴ʦ֣һʦ־ҪԼѾûʱȥ˼Щˡ
һף㽫ԼлŵǱŽĽʶӳֱӲԶĵ֮УͬʱǱɢѪɫâı˳ʱ뷽򻺻תһȦ
תһȦٶȲ죬ǾȻΧһȦѪɫӰȥѪгһԲ
ͬʱһȶӾڵ֮м˲ͽҶȫ
ҶѪҺڣ۳ʵԵĻ棬ȼգǼˣȻԵֵڵơ
۾Ķž֮ȻȴΧľɫȻٴη˱仯
رɫӿվԼǰԭԼ޼ľڵΣһ̶Ȼθɣ˲Ϣһ߸ϵľˣƶ֮ϣһԼ
𣡡
һ֮Ȼؼը죬Ӿڵ󣬴ܳһѪɫ֮УŤתڣȻ͵һͳҶŭţƺ뽫һɣ
ҶֻԼϵĻ棬Ѿ˲Ϩ𣬶ӿȣͨѨλ֮ͬһѨ˳ӿѪɫ
ȻеѨѪɫǰǱ΢򾣬ʮѨ˲䱻ɷۡ
𣡡
һ춯صѪɫѾߣҶ̲סһˡ
ͻȻ䣬Χľɫٴα仯ѪɫҲǵȻ޴棬ǰڣԾһ˿Ц⣬˫ۻǰһվǱŽȻĻУδγ
Ҷ죬Ǵˮ̳һϲ˾֮ɫĸӿˡ
ͷβԼʦ־Ȼûж
һȦԲεıӰһѪɫѵԼĻþɣ˵ǰһУʵǻþ
Ҷ૵ʵʦ֣ղţղš
Цݲĵ⣬ղܵģҵĽ⣡
һ֮УҶӿ˳ʵԵĹȻֻʦͷųĽ⣡
ƾŽ⣬ԼʦİνĻԼһжӲ


1736 
ʱ򣬾ںȻߵҶǰļ򣬾ȻϯضԶڻµϦЦŵСʦܣĲǽ֮
˿̵Ҷ˹ڵԼӦǽ뵽ĳģɶʦֲóĻ֮Уͬʦԯ콾ʱҲͬչҶǰ
ֻڶʦֵķΪܹչ֣ҸܽһĺҶ̸ͷŹ
ܹԼʦ֣潻̸ĻᣬǧѷģοҶҲѾӶʦֵĻˣҪָԼĽȻ񣬹ĵ֮ǳԹջǷˡ
˵ʵ˵ⷬʱҶһ˿Ƿ˴ĺӣųһ
ʦԽһר޽˽֮˵ʵʦҲӦóǴԼȴǽķϣҶܹ
ھȻǿҶ뷨һһЦ޷ǧαؾһ
Ϊʦħ죬ڸĵǵģʵֻǡѪսĹҲûй涨Ǳʲôʲô
򵥵˵ħ죬ֻǰǴ˸뽨һ޽һȫÿԼѡˡ
ҲȷǸԼڣѡǽ࣬ѡǼУѡ֮
ֻҶΪֹûй̶ĵȫͨһţϵĳţټһЩ˽ĳɾͣȻĵҲȷǺ˶ͬģΪڴ
Ҷе΢һ㣬ѾŵȤĻһ½֮
Ȥʦִͽ̣
ܹõָ㣬ҶûȤ
мΣ޵ǽУʽƵС
˵ھڵϣȻ趯֮ʶδ£ڿһӣͿͬˮһŻѷ죬
ǽԽɱˡ
һӴʵĽֱӶ÷֮ʧϦ֮С
ȻǽˣԽԵУս֮ͬղܵڽ֮󣬾ǽģһΣͲΪɱйޣ
ڲÿν˳ҸʾҶ򵥵ļ仰ҶǳŻȻ֮С
ȻҶҲ˳˼֮УʱһС
֪ãعʱߺȻѾûʦֵӰ֮ȴƬ֮ͻȻ
첻ڣظزڣ˲ڣڣ
ľ仰ʽУҶԺ֮С
һ̣Ҷ۾ԼȻ͵ڵأǰʦֵֻոһĽѾ»صС
˿ٿʦֵҶƺԼ˵ͷ΢΢һ˿΢Ц
һ
ʦֵнȻԼԺ֮˵
Ҷܣ

˳ĵĽкҲĽҶ˼˻Цŵͷģû¡
ӵվҶҲûȥʸղԼεĹ̵зʲôǳžյ𣿡
յˣ
æͷѾӡӴ֮ƬڽҲʽС
ֻǴ˿̾ϲûʲôϲʧҶЦЦǲûзµĽУ
ǣ
ܹϰڵĲڽǾ쵽ĿģеֵģͽΪһ֮ȴûеõڽ
ʦ̸ֽˣڣ̸ɣ
Ҷ֣þ죬ڳ˶ɴ۾ܿ˾ȻˣҶô˼ľٶһʲôܵģ
˾ʦֵܣͨĳֲΪ֪ķʽһ棬ȻʦܻʦֵĽ
ֻоȻԾ޷⣬ҶҲúˣ򵥵ĵԼҲûȫ͸Իٵһʱ䣬ĿǰҪģǾĺϻ꣡
ҶԭģΪڽȻֻУҪȫգ֮⣬ҲҪһʵľ컹һ㣬ֻɺϻܸ֮õн
ǣ
㽫ڽٽҲ뻭磬ʲôʱ˺ϻ꣬ʲôʱҾͷ
ǣҲ뿪˲ڽ磬ȻǹԹԵҶķԸ˽˻硣
ʱһУҶͰ׼ǰһ֮ʱȻɫһ䣬͵ҶԴ˹ȥ


1737 Ы
顱һһ֮͸ʱը˿
Ҷһݣμ֮䣬Ѿʧʮ׿⣬һЦǻ겻ɢ
һȭ֮УѪⱬ䣬һƺߣһӰеһͨµ֮ϣ¶Թ֮ɫȻӣҶȴѾһǰһκ˴˵ü֮С
Ѫ飡
˵͵ϮҶıȻɱˣں֮󣬰ԱҶҪǿܹһķ֣ҶҲѧѪսԷסֹɱ

ҶٴӡɱֵѾֱҶС
ҶһɨһϲȻЧȻɱеļ䡣
ǣ
ȻһҶ̧һһ³ǰû뵽º
ţһӵȻдңҶҲϸɱֵֻ꣬ȽԺ
ʱ򣬰Ҳɱ˳ɱվһǰºԼڸĸ֡
Ҷһһ˵ϤοκֶˣãǾͱˡ
˿̵Ҷ֪ʵڻ쿪ʼ͵һֱҺĸ˱ɽֻĿǰû϶ѡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬οκѾŶʮ˷׷״Ӱг֣ҶͰοκǳۺ졣
οһתһŵººҺɱ
ºȴ۶ֻĵºʲôʱҪ˺Եˣ˵ƾ㣬ʸ񣡡
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οûʧȥǣһҶ͹ͷ۵ˣټºԼҸطϵˣȻȡ衣
ˣο޵ҧгݣʱȴ侲аȻ㲻ʶ̧٣ǾͱҲˣǶܾˣٳ֣ͳͳɱ
֮οκʹ˸ɫһֺ˪˵һԣȴǸסܣȻԷܡ
˵ʵҶҲѹûнοǷֻǿºΪºܿܺ΢йأĻ֮㲻ѣٲǵˡ
ֻϧ˿º˫ۣĶŰûע⵽ҶϾղǰǱܣһҪ
Ȼ˳֣һƿܹǰ˸˴ӿ£˵ǰ
˸ˣȻҶһʶǿΪǸŮӳʱȴǲ³˶Է
ΪŮһ£˴ܣлһȣмַȣòҲǼΪ欣ȴһֻ޴İɫЫβڼ֮ϣΪĹ졣
ȻҴԼɢǹǿƣѲ³Ϲ塣
Ҷв΢΢һΧοκٴκ˳ʮףϴп־֮ɫֻºԾվԭأĶŰƺ˿̣г˰֮⣬Ҳûˡ
λŮһҡеȣһҡͷԵĶҶͰһ֮󣬷һЦӣӦþǴӻǸʲôɣһʵԽԽˣȻ࣬ʳﶼƷˣͷԳ֣
һ仰ǽ˶˽ȥοЩһֶҿԣºתĿ˰ŮӵЫӣ㲻ЫӶţܳɣ
ͳº̬ȣҶҲǰкã˼ѪԣϹҲǺη塣
ЫӵɫʱһºѣΪԼľ޵ˡ
ԭº֮ʼȼյĻ档
ºЦһ޵ȻҵǼֻЫӵǴ´࣬͸ҹԶ㣡
һ£ǼҶºĺøУһº󣬾ʱȲԼ΢֮ĹϵֱԽº˰ЫӣһߣһʵϹ壿
ЫһЦǲǺˣµĻ͹ҵǰҲã˳裡
ҶҡҡͷЩľ಻ףȴ֪ϧҪԼ·ߣ
ͬʱº۾ѾȻɴ˫Ŀ֮жһϹ⣬ĶҶǰ鱧ŵ˫֣


1738 Ĺ
ս
ºϳˣҶʩչսǶԼ˵ΪϤսֻǣΪʲôҲ᣿
ҶȴûоºˣʩչսһȻҪºĺ棬һ棬ҲҪʵʵĶԸЫӡ
ֻЫȻһŮ磬ƺֻˣƤӣǾƾɢǹɿֲԲߣҶ˿С
һӴҶ˫֮両֣ȻҶõսǺǰͬ󽣵Ľ֮ϱ鲼ƣ΢΢
ͬʱҶзȥĸһֽ趯ӰԼһ
˲ڣ
ڽܹУһУҲһо֮⣬ǰΪ˲Ϊ򵥣ˣҶھŬҪս˲һںһ
ֻϧҶڽʵ̫ˣԵ޽Ƭ֮ĵͬˮһ㣬䣬Ҷֻܳ̾һ˫޽˰Ыӡ
û˽УһҲǴ󵽾ˣͬһСɽԼٶŰЫ˹ȥ
ߣ
ЫӵĿٴηһмЦϸ֫ϣȴǶȻܳĸڿв趯İɫЫβ
ĸЫβѩɫӲۼףԵݣĩһ˶ĵͬĴһ쳣
ݡһĸЫβȻ䱩ǿͬĵһ㣬ֱӳӭľ޽
ﬡЫβĵȻݺݵ˾޽֮УЫβҶ
ҶȻûϵЫӵĹʽرоһæЫβջ
Ȼû˵һЫβĵޱȣҶϲһ¡
Ҷǿˣ϶ҪһӣЫβĵ֮ϣ˸ŵĵӫ⣬˵䶾ǿ
䣡
ҶսûǱ޽ѾЫβֱըΪС
Ҷѧս⻹ǵһܹڽסսͬʱɴ˿ɼΪϹ壬ЫӵʵС
ৣ
ԼЫβûлҶЫӵĿзһЦУ̫
£ĸЫβٴλ磬Ҷ˹
ò˵Ĺʽκ˼˶оͷۣЫβٶȿ죬ҼӲޱȣм̵ȭͷӲӲץ³ֱơ
ټЫβͬʱŻκһԶķɡ
ңȻҶǰĸЫβǰЫӵļԾɴһ˭Ҳ֪׻żβ͡
õİ취ȻѰҲһܹԸЫβ
֮˭ͷ۰ЫӵĹʽºڡ
Ҷͷۣ
ղźЫβܽӴЫβǿ˽⣬ЫβȻֱ֣ץ˹ȥ
һ£ЫӺӣԼԶΧ۵οκˣ¶ϲɫºȴüͷٿȻ̲סͺһСж
ֻаɫƽҶ൱ģ˵ЫβˣβҲδܹ˵Ҷ
飡
Ҷ˫һһץסЫβдһ˫ﬡһ£ЫβıֱǾȻûжϡ
ԴͬʱЫβҲżƿ˹һָҶüģһָҶ۾
ºԥԼҪҪ־ҶʱҶͻȻһЦ˫ͫ˲仯̫һһâһЫβͬʱüѿһС˫סһ͸ѪĿһЫβ
Ҷϣ
Ҷһ𣬡žžټϰЫӿзһĲҽУīɫѪҶѾѪܵİЫβ
һҶѪβĵһǱ̫ͼ˻ȥ
֮һ˲Ĺ򣬰ЫӵЫβֻʣһ𣬶Ҳڲҽ֮˻ԡ
ЫβЫ˵ǿҲͬҪЫȻһΪҲǷ߰˳ɡ
Ϊ仯ʵ̫죬ټ˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻܹץסЫβҲˣԾܰЫӵӣ˭ҲûзӦĹ
ֱʱ˲γһ㣬һӵǰ߸æҵ̧Ыӣתߣֻһ֮ǰݺݵĵҶһ۵սЫƲ
ҶûнԷвϣҲȥ׷ɱǣΪûʱ䣬ʱºǼɴѾԺôսʦʲôϵ
㣬ʦ


1739 赹
ºеʦȻλ΢츮΢ˣȻҶµ֮ӦйϵûϵȻʦͽĹϵ
Ҷȷһ£ʦ΢ˣ
ºصĵ˵ͷޱĶҶȻǵȴԼһĴ𸴡
ҶȴתͷܣºȻҲ˳Ŀ⿴˹ȥ
˿̣οκԶû뿪ҶЫӴܣֺºƺ˹ϵǵжӿһ˿
ҶͰѾǿĴˣټºĻ
ߣ
οĵҶһۣת뿪
ʱҶ΢΢һЦʲô֤֤΢˵ͽܣ
һºֱϵɫȻǣͷų޾ˣ棬ʦҵġ
ҶҲеˣʵ˵Ӧ΢˵ĴˣΪˮ˵ĺѧսˣھĴˣʸ΢츮ĴţʸΪ΢츮ˡ
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ºϳ˼˷ܣбˣǲһϵڹŵ֮Ѳ
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ºҶĿ⣬Ҳ˵⣬ǶһУûлش𣬶Ƿʵڷ˽õսȻ΢츮

һºʵʦ΢츮뷲˽ֻ֮һ죬ǸʱҲĻûܹϰսõ΢츮ŵԶʧҸˡ
˵º̧ͷҶ֪ܲʵʦ࣬ǡ壡
ֵҶԾˣȷѹû뵽΢ˣȻ壬ҲȻˣʵ΢µļأû˵࣬ҿӣӱˮܹ΢츮Ҳ˳Ӧڤڤ֮еĳְš
淢ͼˣ΢ٴλص֮󣬽ɵ棬սһطɣطºˣ˳µĳΪ΢˵Ĵˡ
ȻҲ֪΢츮ڷ˽飬Ըǰ˽磬ҵ΢츮
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΢츮֮ڱ΢˲˾ŵƣֱо˵ǿĶеǹеսеǱ
ܹƵŵƣôп죬죬ʵֵ΢˶δʵֵԸ
˵ʵҶŵǳڴģԼʵԼٶţѾվ۷壬죬ֻһ֮ңټҲ˸ʥӺɽԣ΢츮˵ƺŵĶû˶Ȥ
ȻºλˣҶȻҲģʮˬľͽԼ΢츮еǵѪȡ˳΢츮Ļº
Ҷˬ죬ҲºϣŪе㲻˼ſھܾҶĶʵ̫죬ҶһҪ֮£ֻܽˡ
Ȼʧȥ΢츮һȴҶº֮ĹϵºǷҪҶһȥ˵֮ŵĶҪҶƽ֡
ʵºԿ֮⣬ûʲôëˣǰԴЫӺοһ˵̬ȣܿóܹΪѣҶ˵ȷǽ¡
ŵڶƶȥҶʵ֣΢һ֧
ºĽŲȻͣ£ӿֳԺ֮ɫʦɲһ壬ӡ磡


1740 ھŲ
ӳ磬֮ƽգ
Ҷ˿ѾĿ࣬Եı𾪵ˣ
΢ˣȻ֮ӳ磡
ӣ֮ӵǸͬСԣոճûãѾɣȻӳ磬Ѿˣҽ΢츮ԼԺ΢ˣսȫҶºôһͽܡ
ѹ˻΢츮ôȤϧǰ˽磬˵֪΢ӳʵ
Ϊ˼꣬ȻܷŹӳ硣
ڣҶԿ϶ˮܹ֮΢츮ܵ䱣ĸԸػӦע£Ͼ硣
Ҷ𾪵ӣº΢΢һЦǲǺܳԾʵ֪ʦʱҲǺһֱ޷ӣȻΪҵʦ
ҶºĻѹ̲סϲƵ棬а룬ĿǰѾƲ⣬֮ӣԶΨһĴڣʵҲǿľˣԣʵδ˵ǵˣȴԾɴеıӡе˯ôӳ꣬᲻вţ᲻ҲҪºкϻꣿ
ҶҪһºģ뵽ºԳ̬ȣѿΪλʦԼóȻ˵£ںϳ꣬·ἤķС
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Ҷһ߸ºһҲ˼š
Ϊֹ֮Ѿ߸ϴ£䲻пȻ۹ƿţ϶ҵϣ磬Ӧǲºϣͳϻ꣬⥺Ͱϻ꣬ˮں;죬ѣڻ磬ʣϰţϾŽͼˣ֪ڲɽС
ҶºڵʵƳµ˸ʵǼΪɣҶûг֣ȫºһƵ
Ȼÿ֮ȷһöսй鵤Щ˵УÿһǼֵޱȣǶҶ˵ȴǲˡ
ԣºҪԼһһҪҶлŪºӵĲ˼
һƱ򿪵ʱһ̹𣬴㲻֮£Ҷº˶Ŀ֣һ
˲˾ͷ֣Ȼ̹ҫۣڹâԡ֮ȴǸоºǰƳƵʱĵһ̾Ȼȫָ˹ƺǿˡ
˵Ŀⲻȫ̹ⱬ֮أȻһʳָڲĿ֦ۡ
Ȼؿ֦ǷƷȻҲܱǿľ֮ұղһƵĺ棬ҶԺ֮жĲ²⣬ؿ֦᲻ľϵʥ
˵ʵһҶеڣΪʲôûдŵƣҪ֪ʥļֵ޷κζ
˷ʥͣҶҲˣ˿̻뷨ҲûʲôõͷеڣȴҲվԭһȻǵȴºȥؿ֦ȡ
ºҶһۣȻߵ˿֦֮ԣֽסվԭƺ˼Ƭ̣ȻߵҶǰؿ֦ݸҶҶ֣Ȼǰ㶼Ҫ͸ɣ
º˵Ĵ󷽣ҶҲʮֵľȣæֵôУ֣Щ΢ģΪĴˣȻӦùУҲҪ
Ҷ֣ͻȻ֣ܿⱲӶܵõ΢츮ȫʸκһٲյĻǲǿΪ㿴ң
ȷȻºʵܺӳϻ꣬Ҫǰ˽磬ǱħҶͬ˴ֻ׼׼磬ҵ΢츮Ŀʵ΢΢
ټҶĶؿ֦ȤܹóºҲĳҪ͸Լһ֮ջǽˡ
Ҷ˿֦ºԳһõͬʱҲѵõ¶ЦݣҶļȥĴתת
ò˵º˼ҲǼΪϸ壬֪Ҷ϶Ҫؿ֦Թᡣ
סؿ֦Ҷ̵ԼѪȻֳ˹ؿ֦һϢ
֦ȻԴڵ֮Ȼήȴǻʵľϵʥ


1741 ľϵʥ
֮
ҶİȻδڵһζɽٵʱеĵڶ٣ľ֮٣۳һ֦ҶïĴҲǵ֮
֮ɴȻɣҶ֮ϣǲ˸ִ·ִͼ¶޼֮һƬҶܴ޵⣬ܹҶϵͼǳ
ԭڵ֮Ĵڣ˶ΪֻǴ˵ȻڣҶϾеһԴڵ֦֮ľϵʥ
ûܹ뵽ľϵʥȻᱻӳУһ΢츮֮УǽºҶű֪
Ҷ˿֦պãҵºһ뿪΢츮
ȻҶºѾǻΪѣǵºʱȻе㲻ڣȵҶ˰֮ºǰҶֵϣξˣ´Σϣлдһ
Դˣֻ΢΢һЦҶȻҲ˴æ˻֣ʲô㣿
ºо˸սģڣȻҪչһ󣬿ܽսˣҶ֣أ
΢һҶ˵ʵΪĹ֪Ƿ˵йĹ飿
ĹºҶȻȷ˵ɽвһĹǧ˵üö֮Ҳͱ˵˴˵Ҷôһ˵и뷨òսڣĹ֮аɣ
⣬Ȼܹش𣬲˵ʵҶҲֿܡ
ֺº˼֮ºǣȻõ΢츮ȲҪϽչأԼʵ
ȵº뿪֮ҶͰȻҲ뿪Ȼ˭Ҳûлͷۿȴڱ˴˽̸
ôβͣ𣿡
ǸŰɣؼĸϽҵĹŲõԤУܾýһܴ鷢
ҶͰ󣬳ǰ뿪οκ⣬ֶɱ֣һж˵
ҶΪвõԤУûԸЩˣֻϽҵĹ
Ҫ֪ΣգҶ£ܲ˵ľǵȵΣճֵḶּ́尾
µʱҶһҵۣһȴǿյģûӵֻ꣬һӴʬ壬ʬĿһŽɫķ
ʬʱҶоʹǴŷŭĺкͳɱΪʬ壡
κĻͻޱĽĿҶŽɫķΪȿԼڹؼʱԼһҲΪ飬ǰӵǸϢ
Ҳŵȼߵ͵ĲͬɫҲĵ֮רŵķޣһҲһܹƳһŽɫķ
ҲΪʲôκӳŽɫ֮ʱҶðΣոоԭ
Ȼʬ壬ĽɫôȻҲԶ׼ġ
Уûҵ˵Ҷϵ֮ǰѾҶ˺ϻֻ꣬˶εʬ壬ȻһŽɫ
ȻһּĿܣɱ֮ˣû׼У
뷨ȻҶѹסˣȻĻɱĻ뵽״̬
ҲðһͷǾΪʲôУҪ鷳Ĳóһط
Ѿ˺Ҷĺϻ꣬ҪŪһ֮۳
˳²⣬ֻнʮеʮȫ߱飬Ĺ
ϻ˵ǻԵҲǺ£Ȼû˻ᷴʮۡ
֮Ҳֻ֮꣬Ҷǰ²֮ţ֮ӽͼꡣ
ţϲ֣кϻľȻ裡
ͼԺñգ˵˾򣬶ϻĶҲǳ˵ϣȻǸľګǬ⵹ǷϽͼԸ
ֱİԴˣȻӽ˺ϻ꣬ʶУֱǰԴ壬˾˵ԣӸͳˣҲϵ顣
һ˶е֮⣬ˣ˳ڣ뵽һ־޴֮УΪȫףôĿľʲôڣҲûа취˳뿪ֻܰ·ȥ
ţȵĹһеⶼиĽˡ


1742 ȱٵİ
ҶüͷȴѾԽšԽˣΪ֮УȻĨʺ죬뵽ĪڣһĨʺһĻôΪֹܹĪڡ
ֱ޷£ĪԼ꣬߸깲һ֮ǿҶͰѾɺϻˣ̾磬ǹ־͹ڣĪżðһЩ֮⣬Ȼʮʵڲ֪İߡ
ҶĹƣĪѾ˷˽еİֻ֮һ֮ң
ǾٶĲҶȴҲıʲôټеĲԽԽأҲӵĳĬ
һ֮Ҷһٴҵۣһȴ˶Ϊ֮ʧΪ֮У˵ˣʬ嶼ûУֻһŽɫԭӦλ֮ꡣ
ӵǺһѣһǳ硣
񻹻ţڻ磬ѾˣԺ΢ˣҶĲ²⣬ǽУ￴Ҳģʬ壬͸ǲö֪ˡ
ȻٲĨʺĪڣȻҶɵģȴҲûйѯʣΪҲǰʣңֻʣۣȥ֮ǸʱһӦö˴𰸰ɣ
һ˸еֵĵطǳ˾ʥغͲڽ֮⣬ûܹ͵Ķ統УҲ˵ڱɽķΧ֮ڣƺֻ硣
ܿ죬ҶһѾ˵ھŴۣȻǿյģʬ壬꣬ҲûУֻƾǽµıڻƲӦӰµġ
ٻ֮Ҷһƨ˵ϣΪΪֹ֮Ѿȫˡ
ʮۣѾȥ˾ŸҲֱӦ֮ӣʣһʱͣ£ǺúһĿǰ
ҶͷȻ¾ͽ˳һµʱҲɹԼ٣ΪˣϻҲһ룬Լ˵ñǰҪӴˡ
˳˵ͷŸۣ֮вֱ꣬⥡ˮţͽͼʣĸСԡͰµȴû꣬ǰûԭǶףؼµȥΪʲôûУ
Ӱ£˳ҲİʱǾۼˣһϲأñ˵ʱʮҲǱ󣬺ͱˮһ𣬱硣
ңˮɱ괳ʱбۣȫ˾죬ǰأ
ʬ궼ûС
˵ˣӵͱˣ뵽ʲôֱ˵ɣ
˵һ·ʲôԵûеõԷǳջﻹ˼ȥ˼⡣
˳ЦЦҵĲһӰµ꣡
ԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ǰʮʮۣȻΪ˴֮ӵ꣬û£Ҳʹһ棬ȻȴʲôûУҲ²⣬ӦǺͱˮͬˣ֮걻Ӧǵѵģȴı˸ˣŻôɾ
Ҷüͷⲻܰɣܹ۵ģֻѪһţҪôѪ֮ƣҪôӵѪ
˷أ
˳ԴҶĻ
Ҷ΢΢һ㣬ˣȷܡ
ѪһţԼѾ֪ĶʦֽĺˣʦֵɵĴˣʦִʥĺˣоʦ֮⣬˭ܱ֤ʦʦ㣬ûк˻ߴأ
ЩҲͬһɽȻҲп֮ܵУȻѰֻ֮꣬ҶǸˣû
пܣҲ˵Ŀǰ֮ӣѾӵеģºܹаˣΨһͲϴ¡
˳ͷҲĵ飡
Ϊʲô
ǰְţʮ󣬲Ѳ²Ϊµ֮꣬Ҳ˵ҪʲôΨһǰǱչ֮꣬һӣǾͿܴʲôˣ
˳ĽͣҲеϵȷзѾĻһУȻΪ֮ȫҶǣº;͵˵ߣΨӰûˣ
µʧ᲻Ҳǰİ֮أԼĿ
˳ͷҲֿܣܾе㲻Ծ
Ҷ׼˵ʱͻȻоʼձԼ첲Ī˫ֶȻһĪ緢һʹ˫һգȥ


1743 ĻԵ
Ҷۼֿ죬ֽĪץסȻһһɻ澹ȻĪüֱȫ
һɹ̵ʹ˲䴫Ҷ壬ǿȻ̲סһƺߣ֪ɻ¶֮ߡ
ټĿռ֮У¶Ҳ˲ǣ˵·ʪ͸̱ɣͷĺˮȵ䣬ͻ̣
ͻȻı仯˶޴룬ҶȴʹץĪ壬˿ֻѾյü˹ͷ
ֵǣ˸µĻ֮£˶ǵĪ磬Ȼˣȫ˯һ
磬磡
ҶƴĺţҪĪ绽ѡ
֣
ʵڿȥˣһӡӲҶ˫֣ΪٲֵĻҶƾԻữΪҽ
顱һڰĴӡ֮£Ҷòɿ˫֣ʧȥ˫ֵĲĪȴûеڵ棬˿С
ɫĻ棬Ϊһɫ·裬ôĲʵ
ҶȥȴѾǺ˳˸סˡ
ְ֣
㲻ȥ޷ġ
Ȼ֪޷⣬Ǵ˿̵ҶֻԼӣǻͬȼһʹԸ˵ȻӲĽ𿪣ٴγ˹ȥ
飡
ͻȻһɾ޴ĪɢȻҶֱײ˳ȥŽ˳ȫײڵء
ҶȴǺ֪һ𣬻ҲðѪɫ棬Ȼ׼ٳȥ
ʱСȴǿڵҶ磬û¡
ҶȻתͷһ˫Ѫ˫۵СݣһѾСݵߣżĵСݣң㿴ʲô
ҿü֮һֻȼŻĴ񣬲һֻ򡣡
ȼŻĴ
˳ɫȻһ䣬ƺ뵽ʲôæżĻԵ
ʲôԵ뵽ʲô
ҶѾ״̬޷˼κõĻ˵һһ
ȼŻĴԹֻ࣬һǽڣһȸһ־Ǻʥķˣ
˳֪ҶڵĽһµʵ֮ǰҾв²⣬ÿ֮յ꣬ҲһĨʺ죬Ӧòһ꣬ǲֵ꣬һԶ϶еֻӦòǷǻˣ
Ҫ֪ĺӺֹŸǿģ˹ΪӵȴֻоӣҪ뽫ǵӡǹԹǾͱҪøΪǿѹסǣȻ߱ʵȸΪ֮һֻ˺ʥޣΨһĴڣǰҲҵֻȸ
һֻȸָɾŷݣҲһܹѹƵסӣգǰӦǽһֻ߻˵ֳɾŷݣѹס˾ꡣ
Ϊʲôֻ߻ˣѡڣеԭ޷ͣҲ²⣬ӦǺ֮йأңֻ߻˽ڣ˵ӦĻԵ
ϻ꣡
˳Ļ֮ÿ˵Ժжðʡ
Ȼ˳ͷûϻֻܹ꣬߻˺ϻĻôʵܿܽᳬڳÿһˣϾǺϻӣȲϷˣڣ˵ںϻꡣ
𣿡
ҶȻҲм˳ĻǿȻһŵĪ磬ȴԾ޷
ģ
Ϊ֤ԼƲȷ˳ȡʮ˸ӣ˵ϡ

ѪԶʮ˹ɻ棬һķǶ׼Ī硣
㿴˰ɣ֮һηѪܵϤĻ棬ԲŻңֻܲ棬ȴһ¶ûУ
ǲʮ˸ӣҶķ˸ղС˵Ļ̲סԣС˵ֻȱһֻ򣬲ȫںϻĻܳɹ
˳ʮۣ
ھȥ
ҶʱһԾ𣬵ҪȥȻʱ֮еĪȴǷһ
磡
ҶεʱֹסתĪ磬Īȴǻ̧һֻ΢΢İ˰ڣ΢û£Ҷܣ㣬һȥʮۣ
˵֮ĪȻ£ȴȻһָֻ˳ָָֻķ򣬾Ȼǡǣ


1744 ټҶ
Ī羹ȻҪҶźһȥʮۣȻеԭ򣬵ǿԿ϶ԲӦĪ˼ֻ߻˵˼
ǰ֮أĪܹ˵һЩļΪӡķ߻ˣ֪һЩ˸֪顣
Ȼ껹һֻ˵Ǳֳ˾ŷݣʮݣֱʮ֮УҶȻҪȥһȡ
ȻҶ֪ȡϾÿζĪڵģҲ˲˼Щˣֱӿ˺ǣߺԥĵͷߣ
Ҷɽʱ˺ǵڣŶ˵鷳չһˡ
ʵ֮УܹʮƵȻĻԲκεΣգҲҶܹ뿪ԭ
Ҷͺǵ뿪Ҳ׼˷ʱ䣬˰˳Ī֮⣬Էɢбչء
ʱ䣬˳֮⣬ǬȺӭ٣Ҳ˺ͱˮĺϻ꣬ܵ˵һȺ˵ʵ
ȻҲһЩ˺ܲ⣬˵ѩ裬磬ҹԼҶ뿪ĺǡ
ֻʣȻûԵĻԵʵԾͣڻ죬ǺǣҶʶģʱҶʱţȴ׷Ҷˡ
ħ޺ǻ˫Ѫĺ˵ʵһΣҲܱ飬˵ĺ٣ǽĪͻȻָû˻ע⵽
ˣںǵҲȷССļǿԼĻԵֻʵ벻ʮ֮лʲôܹԼʵĶ

֮ӵ궼Ѿ˸ԵĹҲԼµԼΪ࣬Ӧ޷ӵкϻꡣ
ǼˣԾɱһ˿ϣҲͨУĸԼһݻԵڵʮеȴԼ
һһǣƬ֮ͬһţǶ˵Ǿڴ֮ҵһεĸ棬Ҳƴķɱ
ʱΪΣҶңΣΪ˰֪Ī磡
Ҫ˵ͬǾ˵ٶԽԽ죬ĴӺǵ֮ʧⲢҶڹ԰Լٶȣǹ̼ǣڵֻŸϽҵʮۣûһꡣ
Ȼڷ׷ϣȻѾַٵı֮ĴɲϷ·ֺҧأ׷ѰҶζ
ȻںǼҪߵʱһɫĹâȴϢĸ󣬶ȫûз֡
䣡
ɫâ׵ײ˺ǵβ֮ϣ̼ը˿Ļ֮Уһ޴ĺɫӰڿлһߣԶ˳ȥײ˺ϱϸĴȻصˤ˵ϡ
޴ĳ涼ҳһӣӵһŵĺǣвϵӿѪԼ⣬ȾµĴأҵĳ鴤ţֻ˫Ѫ۾ȴĶһڲ߹Ӱ
ٺ٣ǸҶͦǿģôͷôҵһɫױܲˣǿˣ֪Ҿɫױˣģ˷ˣ˷ˣ
Գʥӵκ˺ǵǰӸ¿űĺǣĲмͳŪ֮ɫ
ڻ죬ǾԵǿߣ۶һս֮죡
һĲ࣡
ȻкɽڣǱϾɽԺɽ𵽵ãҲǰֵס֮ѹ
κʵҲ͵Ϯ£ֶ˵ȼ͵ɫױ˵ˣ˳ЩѾλ쾳ˣױУҲʲôܵ顣
ǲʶκΪ󲿷ʱ䶼ڻ磬ǿŲԼǲмȴײ³Ҷĵˡ
Ҷĵˣҵĵˣ
һ̣Ҳ֪ԼӿǳԵ˫֮УȻһŹâµĴ֮Уһ΢𵴡
ۣ
һޱȵдκĽ¶ȻֱӴκ
Ȼκû뵽ѾըĺǾȻܶԼ͵Ϯһ
ʲô
䣡
һױȻɫģȴ׵Ľըķ飬ĽһֱָӸ˺ǵ֮ϣǸӣ˿̣ڷĹ֮С
Ȼûб˵κȴܻƿڴģȻҶһûһö˻Ҫ͵ϮңӾһ̣
ݣ
ǵпһĨϹ⣬Լ˹Ҳı۾
ټҶ


1745 
еĴֲ﷼ķ磬ҶϣڽĻָѣԼ˷񱼣Լ˵ûʲôǶĿǰֻл쾳ĺ˵൱æͷʵǣܼס
ֻвҡҷŵĸֲкǵӰӡ
ˣ϶ҵٶ̫죬˦ˣ
ָѵҶ׷ʲôæתΣԼ·׷ȥ˿̵û̫ģΪͺ֮ΪٶȹϵһЩ룬ȻҲ̫Զȥһ·Ƿƽ˾ӦúҲʲôΣա
ȻʱȻһ𵴣˲ᵽɤۡ
Ϊںɽ
ɽΪѾγϵĹͨȻߣʲôӦӦ
һ𵴣ǺǱɫױըеʱ
ҶٶȶȻٴߣȻԸǺܵ˹ǳ֮⣬ûʲôܹúɽ˾ҵˡ
ǣң
ҶͬһŴһ㣬˷ٵӿһѰſܲڰĵˣһѰźǵټ
ߣ
ȻһҶĶ
ңߣҶıǴǰ棡
һӰͻȻҶǰƺǽʹյĶ߷һˡ
һ̣Ҷ;һɾ޴ʹСѸԼȫ£ӺѾǰ󵹷ɳȥ
أ
ǿҶǿҶڵɵĹ̵У֪ײ˶ٿôֱײһֱٴﵽʮ׵֮ϣͣصˤ˵ϡ
ۣ
ҶһѪڵϣѪϣȻƺˮһɫ֮С
ҶֻԼɢһʹޱȣӶòڵϣȻҧأǿȻ̲ס˴ʹƺߡ
Ҷ֪ʱ˿̣ҲھźԼͬʹ࣬ҲͬĹһĿ
Ҷ˭ͻȻ֣ͻȻԼһȭȻһֻŲؿڡ
ۣ
ҶһѪǲؿϵĸһֻţһɽ
Ҷˡ
ĮҴŲмҶĶУҶܴڼʹ֮УԾƴ˼ȻⲢκˡ
Ծڼƾ㣬뼯֮ꣿĹƷ죿Ц
ҶĵɴԼ۾ֻͫѾ̫ҪŬĿԼ֮˵ĳࡣ
ǼˣȻʲôֻܿһһźɫʣȴ۾ͬһʹ˼¡
ʱֻؿڵĽͽȻһѹٴһѪ
ȻʹܵҪ۾սҧš
ҪȥֻѹϵĽŸƿҪȼȫѪҺºͶԷͬھҲϧڵʲô
ΪһεһɽصѹϣεĹ̶˵棬ƾȴһָ
ҶǸĮŵǲһ·˳˳ˮԼ޵ˣʵ㣬̫ˣɱ㣬ͬһֻһ
㵽ס˭ȿȡ
ҶȻȼܵŭҧгݵ˵
һ̣ҶеѾɢˣеģֻ裬Լ޲ܽǰʬεĺޣ
Գ̤·֮ҶȻȴûܹ˵裬Ȼ˲ڽ£
Ѿ֪ΪʲôҪԼֻɱˣ
ʲôھ޴ʵǰ˵ϼ֣Ǻľȫ
꣡ȻǺļЦһֻϣʸ֪˭Ҷƺ㻹ûݺʹֻҪһͿ׵Ľʵ̫ˣ
ŶԷ£Ҷ;ֻԼؿڵĽƿˣһ̣ԼȴΪһֻǿĴ죬
ҶԭΪһԼԿԷĳ࣬ǰֻһŴĿĺ̼۾ͬջһʹ
Ѿˣ˵ˣֻһֻϣ˵֪˭ҵĳ඼޷壬㣬
ҶͣѾ׼Ȼ㲻ʣ޼ƿʩ
ŶˣôòΪû˺ɽɣϧСӾҪˣ


1746 ֮
ԭѾֿ׼Ҷ仰֮󣬾Ȼ͵һٴ۾ȻԾͬհʹ࣬ѾʼѪȴû֪һĶź㣬˵ʲô
ɫһӿԼѱˣͷСӣǸ˰˭أҾ㿴ɣ
Ӱ΢΢֣Ҷǰһ档
Ѫĺǣһ˶ĿѪ˫ۣĶǰκͻȻһдκĽ´̳κһĺǣȫһκ˵Ҳûʲôãο״̬ˡ
ԣֻκһκըǵ֮һױݺݵ˺ǡ
䣡
ױ׼ȷĻ˺ǣȻըĳ֮⣬ҲκεĶͬʱҶٴδһҵ𵴡

ҶȻſͣһĺУ֮϶Ȼһڰһɫ֮ϴ˳
ܹʮɫͬʮһ㣬ѸǸӰϡ
Ҷ۾ܹ͸ǰĺĻͻ֣ᷢʱ׽ѹ˵ϣȻһ˿֮ɫ
ΪҶһ˲䣬ȻԶͨ˰˸Ѩλ
˸ѨλǰҶʯͨĻҲҪڿ飬ڣȻҶķŭ֪ͨҶ˿ŭˡ
˿ת˲ţӰ¶һ˿ЦްɣĺްɣĺԽԽױãǲУ֮ǵһ·ߣϣƽƽȥ
飡
һ𣬲ӰϵʮѨ׵ıȫըѣţҶԼĺһ
˵

ھŴ֮УԴҶ뿪֮ȻڸԱչأȴûһܹľ
ǰ˳ˣΪǵʵĿǰߵģ׵ĸоȻҲǿ
ڣ˳ʵ̲סˣ£еϳһǣָĦ֮Ͻһ⡣
Ƭ֮˳ͷ󺹣ɫͨ죬ԭһϾȻֳһĻͷҪ˵ǲȳȴһһѪ

ˣ
˶һ˲˹ּۿ죬һĺ󱳣ڻѾԴԴϵӿ˹ȥ
üͷôúϻ״̬ˣ
˳ش𣬴ڵĴһָСݵ죬죬Сݣȣۣ
£˳һѪ͵ڵأȥ
ͻı仯˶סˣӦ죬ֱһѱСݣȻ˵
£ӰѾʧһȫ֪һеô¡
Ѳ³ӦҶΣգ˳Ϊ˲ҶľŻȥ
ʵǲ֪ҶǴ֮ˣô׺㣬˳㵽˺ѣһ֮󣬼æܲ˵ļҶˣ֮£Ȼ뵽˺ϻ״̬ıΪۣǿв֮ԣ֪һҶϢ
֮ף
ƽ֮Сݵϣ
Ű뿪˶ΪһɸΣнȫ֣Īڻ֮У˳ȥҲС뿪Ҷͺ֪ʣǣȫû⡣
Сݣͬһɫһɿڴ֮дУСݵüͷȻҲǽšһƺ˲Ծ
ȻСһָһǣǣ
Ȼ֪С˵ǺǣΪǼΪԸ⻯ΣڻʱСϲںǵıϣǶԴҲȫûСݺͺ֮ĹϵҲǷǳ
˳Сָķ򣬰˲ϢѾϵʱȻѾǷƽ˾ǶĴ˵ոշһս
纣ѰźǵϢȴҲ
ۣ
СͻȻޣðĶʱصĳȥСݣģ
СѾ޵˵ˣָֻһط΢ߵС
ܰѾԲµ֮ʲôȴҲòҧأȥ˿̻еڳĻͻ֣ᷢλɽʥӵĽŲȻ΢ŵ㲻ȡ
Сǰһӣм뿪ͻȻˡһһâֱӳ˳
ɽ


1747 ĺ
ҲҪһ𣡡
ҶĻش𣬶ȻӰе˺ЦЦЦ֮УǶסҶʺֱͻȻһ
ǲ
ҶʺѾȫ飬ѪӿвϵӿȴһҲ˵
ءһӰҶ˵ϣЦŵٸһλᣬֻҪҵǰҾ㲻ĻҪĪ磬ЩֵѣͳͳҪ
ҶλƵվŴȻ۾Ѿʧʲô޷ȴǽһŴ۵ĺڵλãһ֣긫㱻С
ƺǸܵҶ˿̵ķŭ긫ȻһŭĻХ֮Ǹɱ֮꣬ҲҶӿ˳
Ӱʵʵ̫ǿסץסʱ֮ȫѹסˣͬҶһ޷һ£Ҷܵ裬ΪϻҲһᵽˡ
ںɱ˵޷͵飬֪ԼǶԷĶ֣Ǵ˿Ȼܲĳ˳ҪҶһ𣬲ϧս
ȤȤΪϻ꣬ΪŽϵʥܶԸˣɣЦ
𣡡
ҶȫԷĳĺ֮зһͬҰް˻𣬻ѪҺȼգȫ뵽˺ϻ״̬һɳľ޴Ż긫ݺݵŶԷ˹ȥ
໣
һҽУɳľ޴ٴź󷽵ɶȥ֪˶Զصˤڵأƺ궼Ѿɴ⣬нյĻ긫Ѿʧ
ž
ĽصĴҶѾϡ
ô͹Թұ֤ܹꡣ
𣡡
ҶȻ޷ڣȴƴٴηһУһͱԷϣʲôУΪϻˣëңһܹ㾾죡
ȻûٳˣǿڳʵǰҲ֪ѿ֮ʵûκʵԵİ
ӴѸСҶڸղһ֮£ѾȻ޴档
Ҷ⼸ӲҲɱ㣬סֻҿ㣬һֻϣ࣬һֻϣҲǲףһʱȡ
ˣƢô󣬲ԵͷҲǲסѪ岻Ƕųǿޱ𣿽ҾͳѪ
ݣ
ͻȻһƿ֮ţһׯϵ𣺡أ
ӰҡҡͷٴԲмɽСжˣ;ȻܹһԵǰ֣ѹѡΪأֻϧ
ȻֹҶܹӰĻͻֲ֣ᷢһϣȻ¶η;֮ɫ
ԶСݣһĳ˹
󣡡
ҴҵĶ仰֮󣬾ﬡһصŰҶĶ𣺡ҶҶ
СǴſǻĺҶ磬Ҷ磡
ҶڲûҲ˸ɸɾҲǼˣȻ֣ڵϲΡΡƶ
졭ǣ
д֣Ҷָĵ¡
Ҷ
Ҷ磡
СͬʱһУǶΪҶˣãҶֻǻˣȻ˼أǿȴҲüΪļǿ
ɽҶͷµԪѾ׻ȥҶ֣ͬʱһɫҶҩȪѨӿͬʱһ֪Ժδ̹ҲȻ֣һһ̣Ҷȫİ
ŵŤŤ֣СѾ£ҲǵͷˣвϵŷţȴٻղһĻ
Ҳڰңкɽ·ȻĻСݲô͸ϵҶߣһǽĽǲ롣
ڣֻϣҶܹĺΪ棬кܶµȥƬ죬Ӧúܿ콫һѪ
ҶҶʹСݾһԣͬʱϵƶ
Ȼɫ糣ʵ඼Ҫɤˣ嶼ԲƵš
ں£
ǵģں£¸ղŵǸʼտΣֻܿһźǸӰһ̣ݷصǸ߸ϵĴڵʱ
ҲΪˣԿ϶ǸӰݣӦǡ


1748 ˰
ֱ޷ţǸ߸ϣλ񣬾Ȼ죬ңȻҪҶɱ֣
ҲŲ⣬ΪԼʱˣʵܰɣҪɱԼҶ˲顣
ղţȻǸ˵òȴܸоĳߵļΪĲֻ̣ƺеη塣
ηԼ
ܣ
ֻǡ
̲סСݣСѾͷҶߣ涵ĶҶһ鶼Ѿû˷Ӧ
Сݵʲô
˳ԼСǰҶǲ֮ͨѾ֪Сݵʵݣ
Щɻ󣬰ͬ붨һ㣬վԭĬĬĵȴš

嫵֮УһӰǳ֮ϵˣѾҪȥ̽Ҷˡ

ºݺݵһӦ֮ˡ
Ĳ
ˣ¿һˣ
˭
ǸСŮ
ʲô
ԭɣƽһ̶Ȼͬһը죬ʱʮǳȻը촷ۣƮɢ˺嫵֮С
Ӱǻһ飬Դĵ£һԲ
ٴȴǶһϣȷûпΪʲôǰûз֣
ӰѾɸΡΡĵ¾ûпϺһܹ赲סǵĲ鿴ֻеĽǰ֪Ĵڡ
һĬ֮𣺡ߣ˵ˣˣȥɣڿʼע˿ء

ȵӰ뿪֮Ƭ嫵֮ͻȻֳһӰӣֻߵУ̧ͷƺԶ֮ڷһʹЦӣ춼ڰǣϣˣ

ʱѾȥһ֮ãҶСݣǻ񣬵˭Ҳûжһ¡
ȴȶˣΪĴ֮УһһӰ˳
ЩȻΣÿ˵϶ҵһЩ޵״Ϊ֮˸׳˶࣬ұȴǳŸɫë壬˰ܡ
ܹˣҶŰΧУһϤףڰЫ֮һȻȺ˵ҲǲԶϹ塣
ǻڴʱ˵س֣ûоþȣΪһ֮ǰͷԼ˵˺ܶβ͡
ޱĿˣȻתźɽ鷳㽫Сݱã
ˣ
ɽ΢΢һԭҶĺԪȻȻСҲһ̣СѾֱʧ뵽˺ɽ֮С
Ȼ֮вδ飬Ѿӵʶ˵ǣ֪Щ˶Ҷ˵ʮҪ
СݱսҶкԪȻҲתȺϹ塣
ʱҲѾͣ˽Ų˰ܵĴ󺺡
žλȻֻվţȴܾ͸һɼǿѹȸСʱֱӳͷųɱƣоؿе΢΢£Ǳѹһʯͷһ㡣
˰ܵĴһɨҶһЦſͣӣǺҰȻ˵˭ҼСѩģ

ǸЫӵæһָڵϵҶ
ôòѾ˰ɣף˰ܵĴ󺺶ȻԲ۾Ķס˺ɽ⣬ò½Щ˵úԪƳɵʲôɣ
Դ֮ҶΪ˱ⲻҪ鷳Ĵûùɽ֪˸ûС
ϹҲʶģһ۾ϳ˺ɽ
󺺵ĿжʱһЦ̫ˣ¼Сѩܵõɱһ˫ȫãð
˵֮󣬴󺺶ȻҶ˹ȥǸߴͬСɽһһôزΧĴֱҶ
֮䣬Ѿ˰ǰȴǸûпһǰߣȴһߣһɰ֮ӿͬγһȭݺݵ˶Էؿڡ
ĲӬҹ
͵һ֣ǰĿռ侹Ȼ̼両ֳһƣֻЯǾ˵ǿ
ڰж΢΢һлһͷǿֱۻӶռ䣬еҶĿռ䷨֮ô󺺸òҲһλ߰ɣ
û֪ڰΪ˾Ҷǰʱйʲôľ뷨Ȼ֪һЩ˵Ҷڣ֪飡


1749 һҶһ
԰˰ܴ󺺵һһǿӲӣЩͬ֩ӵĿռԼ֮ǰѾ㿪
¡¡
һ䵽˵ϣֱӿѣͺһŪ˵ֽһ㣬ҵʯܷɽ
ۡЩʯܵĴ
ţǡ䡱һ죬ոհվĵ棬ȫȥ¶һֱʮ׵ľ޴ӡ
˿̣󺺵θû˿ͣѾһ
һֲð۾гһ죬ٴתһ󱻺ԪֵҶͻȻ䣬һߴдܳһ㽫󺺵ס
꣡
󺺵ĿзһЦû֮Ϸһͬˮһ̼ߵѡ
ʱ򣬴󺺵ڿ˰ֻӬ淳ˣҪϧ̫ˣ
𣡡
󺺶ȻٴγȭοɲǸղŵһǶȭͷԲٶȣڿͬʱ㱼ԼΧĿռ侹ȻԼͱ˱֮У֫彩Ӳ޷
ӿһУ֮򣬾ȻǿֵزȻ֮ʵⷭ츲صı仯
˿ܹ϶Ϊ˵ˣӦǷ֮֮򣬵ʵϣû˵һĴȷŲ
ָ֮ͳķ֮ǾĳַհǸ˿Ϣ䷨ֻ˴ĳ־巨ˣ˸߲ε֮
Ҷյǿռ䷨֮Ϊڿռ䷨֮ʹûܵķɣԲ֮
ֻǰܴһܹڣͶ֮ͷų֮Ĵš
ǰҶǸӰ˵ĻڵҶҲѾ֮ǻķŭ֮ͬʱ򿪵İ˸Ѩλõ֤ǿɲͨģռ䷨ͨġ
ԭǸ˵˵һ˿ɣڵĴ󺺾õ֤û뵽ھȻ֮ˣ
ȻУǰԾͬ޲Ĺžһ㣬ˣ̺֮һȭûѡá
һҫ۵Ľ⣬֮ϺȻһþ޴Ľɫ
ᣬΪĳͻȻ֦ɢҶѹƽͺϻ֮Ѿӵ׳졣
ϴǧ⣬λסЩҶϣɷ۳ɵĸַһȻ۾з뻮һо֮ׯϣڳÿ˵֮жӿһƬ֮С
һƬҶֱӴƮڿͬһط裬磬ÿһηȴһɳɱͺȻ֮Ϣ
Ҷ֮Уݷٵһ㣬Ȼ֮Լٶݻһ硣
ܴһͬǰվϽǵһλߣڿƬҶʱ϶Ȼ¶֮ɫѿڶһҶһᣬһһ磬СӾȻܹʩչүɱһҪɱպսбȻΪһ󾢵У
һҶһᣬǷ֮еഫһƬҶ֮оͻ̺һ磬֮ǧҶͻݻǧ磡
һܹƿǧˣǿ󵽺ֵز
⻹˵
ƬƮҶƮƮ˴󺺵ȭͷ֮ǰʱһҫ۵ĹâԭѾĿռ̼ը˿ռƬ˷ȥӰҲͬʱɳȥ
飡
ʹ󺺣ˤڵء
󺺵ѾѪģ¶˰ɭɭĶѵĹͷȴ絭һ˿ɫѪ˳ǻ¡
ƺ˴ƽ֣ǴȴȻŰ˰ܵ¶ͷ֮ɫ˫һԼţͬʱ쳤ХãѵһһΪĶ֣Ƿ޵Ļ˵Ҿͳ㣡
𣡡
ܺУһε֮ϣȻһɿ񱩵һͬһĺɫëƤ֮˳
壬ԶҪǿĶ࣬˵Ϲˣ
ղŴֻ˰˳ɵȴȫȻʩչһҶһǰĿǰվǶԷ֮С
һ꣬վǲа
ڰӿ˿ɬʱ򣬽ȴѾòˣΪźɽԴŻζ֮ҶѾվ


1750 ƴ
ǸӰݲеѾεҶ֦ҩȪ֮£ټǿѾȬ
ȻǸҶǰȴܹԸоĳҶ˴仯ԼڿͬʱȻ۾ŵĴʹ
֮ӣҶҲ֮
ĳ˼ǽҶɵܵһ㿴չˣԶҶÿһɳĸеο͸ˡ
վҶǸûзԼǰԶһλѾȫָ˱Ϲ壬ߵ˰ߣɫƽĵǣǲˣ
仰Ҳһʹ̾˿۾ĵ˵ͷΪʱİΣֻǽʬ
ҶѾ֪˽϶ĻشȻ̲ס΢΢Ĳһ£֪ˣлл㣡úϢɣӣǾҪæˣ
ȻҶǱ飬ƽ˼㣬ǣ֮ȴǷһεĺ⣬֪Լǰ˵ĻҪˡ
ǺҶ֮䣬ǹֵܣҶµĵһͷޣҲǵһҶߣһֱߵ졣
Ҷ˵ǸĴԣҶԲŹκȻкκǣκˣκҪķΧ֮ڡ
ȻΪֹȻ֪κκ磬ûκ˻ܹȻڣ෴֮ҲϿǻжԣʵϱ˴֮ȴ̸ӵĹϵ
ͱ統Ҷңһ۵С壬ƺ˭ǣʱҶңҲǿһڣһйʤ
ǣһȫ˵ľ˼
ЩûˣҶضҪΪǱҲҪ˰æΪͬҶ֮İˣȻ⣬δؽգҪģŬıǿ
ʵ֪ȻǵҶĴǸӰҶ裬Ĵ̼
˲ڽ£Էĳ඼޷壬裬κ˶޷ܣοҶˡ
ҶҲѾ³˶Էݣ˸߸ϵ֮⣬˭ӵֲʵ
ʦʦֽ𣬺Ǹ˱֮
ȷһ·Ҷߵ˳˳ˮȻ˲ٵΣգܵ˵֮·ʮ˳ġ
ʮʮʱ䣬һû۵ķˣһԾΪվ۷ǿߣ֪ԼѾ˸߲εֳ֮ɳٶȣκ˶޷
ˣܵ裬ҲҶʵʵᵽĿֲʶԼ֮ľ޴࣬һ˵δһ£
ңȻûɱԼ˵ǶԼĳĿģԼһԼȥ󣬾˭
СӣûԺˣڣ
˿̵ĴѾ˱࣬һֻɵĵؿܣһ˫ͬͭ۾֮УĿ磻а߸ĺɫë֮£һʯһ߸Ŀ񱩼⣬£˱뺷Ұԡ
Ϊ࣬Բ֮ڵĿռ֮УеһжѾ֮ܵӰ죬˳صѹ
ΪϹ壬ֻ֮֮ؿܵȷŽͿʱԴ˿ûнǰ࣬Ӧ˵ʳ
ȻڵؿܻոµʱֻǰһҶȻѾǰĿ֮·̲ſֲɱ
˭
ҶһȣȭͷѾͬһ㣬ݺݵ˳ȥ
Ҷ˲Լǰʱ򣬵ؿܵоͶȻһΪжϳҶӦҲ֮յķֻ֮ǿռ䷨
֮⣬֮޿ܹ˲䴩Լ֮Ӱһοռ䡣
ҶʷƾõϹڸַ֮Լ֮ȵ飬ȻҪ˽Ķһ㡣
ҶǼᱻκۺĺɽȻȭͷԼʱĶʱ
֮Լƴǲ
úã
ؿܴһܣͬȭӭȥ
ȻһһСȭͷײһʱ򣬵ؿܶȻ֣Ҷֻ˸Žɫâ֮УȻһɫСˣǸС˵ĳ࣬ȻԼ
䣡
ֻȭͷײһ


1751 ʧЧ
ؾͺǵһ㣬ȫѣҵš
ͬʱͬɽ緢һ㣬һһɵɫдӵѷ֮ǱɫĶʯЩȫڶ˲仯ĩ
ؿܣ˼壬һ壬ܹٿ֮
Ҷ壬һʯͷһصķ˳ȥؿܵ壬ȴͬɽ㣬ԭأΡȻ
˴𶯣ϹͰܵ˲ȫɿ񱩵˳ȥԲǧ֮ڣеһжڣΪ촷ۡ
صһϣ棬ʱȴûԼͷĿѣѪڣǵԲ۾עͬˤڵϵҶ룬ѵҶҲͷܵĶ
ٿҶ˳ȥؿΡȻʵأ
ҶӵϻӿѪдЦǸֹΣ˹ȥ
ڿ˲ԣȻؿվԭأǴ˿˫ȴû˽һ㣬ֱֱĶǰͬǶʧ˻ǣ
ү
æ˹ҪؿܾôˣʱҶһѾǵǰ
Ȼȫ࿹ǵʵؿǲ̫࣬ԸܵסҶһ֣ȫ˳ȥ
ֻҶͰף˿̵ĵؿѾȹȻˣ
ղŵؿܺͰ֮ĽȻҶˣǶһжŸ֪֪ܲؿܵˡ
ȻҶ֪ԼͬǿԼиĹʽôοҪԼ̣֮֮
ˣҶͶԷƴڶԷԼͬʱɹȹȻס
ȻҶҪɱ˵ؿܣڴ֮ǰҪ޶Է꣬ϾϹ֮ǿѾԶԶ˻죬Լһ֪պȻҪǣȻҪ˽ǡ
ҶעӲܶĵؿܣһѪĿзɳͬʱ˫ֿʼӡ
Ѫ֮飡
һѪ˵ؿܵüģһѪɫĹâҶ׼ԷǿзӡʱͻȻһɸΪֲ֮г
䡱һⲻ֮£ҶٴαݺײɣһɳȥĻһƺڹ⣬ڿбѾûüģȻȹ
ȻʧЧԭܼ򵥣Ǿͷ֮УȻ̺һɸӿֲ
ȹܹȻסҶӣиҶҪӡ꣬ȴ˳
ܵҪǿ󣡡
Ҷ֪ͷĳλ
ҶɳȥͬʱĸղűɵǼæ˹ЫҲѾ˿ռ֮ţȫ̧ؿܣѸٵС
ѾصҶһĻȻâͬһ㣬ݺݵĻǵʧĿռ֮ţȻÿռ֮ŷһҵ𵴣ܵĿǷ
գռ֮Ż˳ʧˣ
ھ˵ش֮ңıɽУһŤŤĿռ֮ŸֿУӰ̵ǴҶǰߵȺ
˿̣ؿԾɻԲѣǸǰһڵưߣоɫԼǶҪŵ̫ˣǸҶƿصľȻǿռ䷨Ŀܴ߶˵Է֮Ѿǵңòǵ֮ɣ
ĵʿˮЫһϵ亹ܰɣأ
ЩѾܹܵ˵ˣ֮սʱΣ֮оȻðôǿߣҿǸޣʱձȻҲ֮˵ɲʲôϢϽ֪ͨ
ʵЩ˲֪Ҷܹ֮ռ䷨򣬾Ϊһ˫Կۣռ䷨֮򵥵ýͨ˫ۡ

Ϲ徹ȻˣҶҲ޿κΣֻʱգңиҪȥ
վҶߵߣִļϵˡ
ܰԼƵҲҶ϶иİ취ԲƴǣҶ֮ͬһɹɴ̺Ϣľ֮ӿ˰ڡ
¶˾֮ɫ֦ɣ
ľ֮벻Ч
˵ͷ˵ʼӿľ֮ˡ
һʱƾѾȬҶҲٴĶ𣺡ȵĹ֮½֮ȥһȱʧһ꣡


1752 ֿ
֪ˣüëԼǴû˵ΪҪҶ߸мԼ
ҲóæһԣȻ֪ȡһ꣬ʾܻתôֻҪһ˿ϣǶҪȥһ£
ҶջԼƣȰڣѾŵڣȥǰɣ
ҶѾ֪˺ǿĹ֮УֻʣһģѪʱȻ̲סһͬҰް˻
ͨ
Ҷڵأһ˫Ŀ˲Ѫ죬Ķ̲Ѫ⣬嶼ֹסĲ
Ȼۼ˺Ḷ֪́ɱǵľǸκǣʵ֣Լ
ΪʧȥǣһĿ񱼣˺ͺ֮ľ룬˺ֻлľ磬ֱӽκɱôǾԲ
ǣôȥ˾ǹȥˣЩ£һȥˣûصĿܣ
졭ǡ
۾Ҷǰ鲻Խĸֳ˺ͺദĵεεÿ棡
°ĺǣΪǵϺ͸߰ʼҶߣһ·գҲкüαȸ½һսֻʣһ˿꣬ȴȻͦ˹
ڣˣ
ҵȫʬ궼ױıը֮£ΪУ

Ҷ޵ıߣȫܵŭҪǱҪκҪеˣͳͳۣ
ްֶҹ٤ҹ
ȴ󱯵䣬ӰĿͬһĴ磬ɢƬϿյѪȺǣȴɢҶеıˣ
ȵ֮ҶСĵĽһѴźǵѪȻˣҪߣͬǰһ
Ȼʱ۾İȴ¶һ˿ɻԥ˰֮ſڵҶԾ
ҶٿȻתͷ˫֮жðôˣǲǺû
ȴĬű۾ƺ˼ʲôҶżҲҴߴ٣û˵ֻڷ֮һĻܹȻǣʲôԸ⣬ԣֻһĵĵȴš
֮󣬰۾Ҷ飬һδܹҵԼ֮ǰ˶ãֻҪΪʱҲܸоһֲֵоͬʱߵƮɢڿУȻɢޡ
ҶҴϸŰ˵ÿһ֡
飬һҲͬ
ƺҶ޷⣬һ˵һ߼һƬҶӵ֮£ͷųġ
˵ƬҶƬ飬ͷųһģҲ˵ҵӦöܸӦĲ
Ȼأ
ҶȻѾ˰˼еҪ֪ڰΪʱ򣬸ܵʲô
ЦŵûУʲôûиӦһ˿һûУҾֵĵط
˵ʲô
ҶԼĸոյȼǶϣ֮Ѿڿʼļˡ
ֿܡָһ֣ȱһ꣬Ӧ޷Ӧõڶ֣ǺǵûֻǾô£Ҳ֣ǵֱӻޣɢҷڵ˵Ǽˣ
Ҷֿ󣿡
֪Ȼϣǵڶ֣ûô⸽ѾһЩۼǰûʱ䣬ڣҿԹͬԿܷҵйص˿
ã
Ҷ£۾ʼԼ̽Ѱܡ
Ҷĵ̾˿ʵ˵ʵǵֿΪȱһ꣬ȻӰ죬Ǳˣû֮ǰܸӦõοڻ꣡
ûԸãʵֻл쾳ĺǣ屻ױըƬ꼸ûѵĿܣ
ЩҲֻǰԼĲ²⣬ҲͬϣԾɻţ
һ˿΢ϣҶͰԿʼѰźܴڵټ
ͬʱھŴ֮У״̬˳Ҳ˹
˾ҵĹһæΧȥѩĵʵû°ɣ
˳۾ȻҪվȥΪηҡҡͷڶˣ죬裬Ǭܴ֮ѹ鷳һˣһסֻҰǧ


1753 ƭҶ
ټĿռ֮УһƬžֻȻסԵĪĻġž֮˶һֵ۹ע˳
˳˽ûʲôֵģȻҶһ𣬷ҪҶ
ɱ˵Ļǿ϶ỳⷬŵĿģΪҪҶ˵⻰ȴ˳Ҷĵֵܣ
ĬƬ֮ѩڿʵΪʲô
˳һԵһǾ֪ˣһõĻᣬ϶ģҪǰʮۡ
Ȼ˵жżɻ󣬵˻վѰҰˡ

֮УҶȺ۾϶ŨŨʧǼһһϸܣȴȻûܷ˿ͺйص˿
˱ųĬ˭ҲûпڣʱǳϲԶԶ
ҶͰͬʱһ˶뵽ˣò֮еˣĪʲôΣհɣ
̳𣬿ӰҶӭȥ죬ôˣǲǳʲô£
˿̵ҶΪ֮εı仯Ҹղ޹еϣ֮֮ϨȻȻʻʱɢһƣñΣ׼֧˾Ȼһʱ˭Ҳ˵ϻ
һҶüͷĸˣһȻ׼ʣҪظϡ

ͷǾڿڵûʲô£ǳʱ̫ˣе㵣ġ
仰ɹҶɲסΣȴҲ΢еĵǺ֣ɽڴΣգǻܣϽȥ
ҶǣΪǵԸԼκ⣬Ȼһ㡣
Ǭıͣһֶ˵ˣ΢΢һЦҶ磬Ҳǵ㣬Ȼû£ǾȻȥˣʱǺһЩԣͷǻȥɣ
Ҷһɱȥ
Ѿ޷ٱȥʱ򣬺ڰƺ˵ʲôҶǻȥɣϽǰʮۣϾ绹أ
ᵽ磬Ҷƽһ㣬Ҳȷʵ˲ʱ䣬΢һͷðɣǾ鷳ˣҲõңҲµģﰲĵһ
Ȼ˵ҪߣҶԾ̲סһȦܣص̾˿֮ת뿪
ҶԶȥıӰ˳˿аģ´ƭҶ飬Ҳˡ
ҪǱҶʶˣԺкӹˣ
磬Ҷôˣ鲻Ǻܺðеʵ
̾˿õֵˣԼֲ㱻˴ܺòŹأ
ȥ˵ɣ
ĸ˻ص˵ھŴۣһֱ˵˳۾ô
ûղŷһж˵˳Ϣ˶Ǿֱӱ˫֮ɱڣҧгݵĵܣǾԲ
ͺ춷죬ǳҶ֮⣬ͺǵĹϵΪζźѾˡ
ѩۿҲʪ󣬶˳Ŀһ۵ȱޣ£ǲһˣ
£סˣû
˳ҡҡͷֻ˵һڵˣѾȫңҸ޷֮һ֮䣬ҲгĿܣҲ̸ǽлиҪ顣
ˣ˳Ƶĵ˵ģǲϣڻʲôܱҪҪģ
ʵΪ˳Ժ˵̫׼ȥǿҲ
˳ҲЦŵ㲻Ҫ飿ǱϾһ취ĻǱ֣֮
һͬһɽ󺣣ÿ˵Уһˣ
ȻʱͣȻع֮ǰľʵָǲҶ飿
ǣ˳ҡҡͷϵĿЦŨˣȻ£ĿǰвİΣ˵Ѫ
ѪĸѪ
еѪǸҶӦüһֱǣԼΪҶڰƷ죬ʵϣǹƶ
üͷ⵽ô£ոģ
Ǹոգǰҵģ


1754 еľ
ǰǰոո㣿
Ȼڣ˶޷˳仰˼
˳֮гһ龧Ө͸İɫףһͲǷƷʮ㣬ӦǾ˰棬Ȼɢһɽ׵Ĺ
ǰùģʦ͸ңһ£ǲԵģΪʦ˵ԣҪǿںҲӦÿˣڵ״̬
˵˳ֿüëȷʶڣ˻ǵһοƣ̬Ӧþ˵ܵ˺
ʵǰңʦ㣬˺ϻ꣬ټϸղͨգںǵߣǾȻмգָͨ޷㣬鼱֮£ҾͶף֮ԡ
û뵽֮УҾȻǰȻԼһ˿˹֮Уֱղűҷ֣ȻҸ˼׼ҽջᶯùףԲŻѡʱҡ
ǰ˵ʲôܲʹ˵͵Ĵߴٵ
˳ɫǰ͸ĸ֣СѪ
ڱ˵ĸ֣ܻиָĲ룬뵽ҶѪ˳ǺҲһӦҶеѪ
ǸʱѾԼҶΣգΨһѡСݣҲϸ룬ֻǸϽðСȥҶ
ȵ뿪֮˳֮ʱҲûţʼ˼ĸֵ˼
ѪͷҶ飬Ҷû˳һУ˳֪
ѾЩ飬ټоȻѡڹԣּΪ޵ķʽԼȷѪ˵ҶҶĶ²
ΪҶǷ˵ʱ򣬷ҶйҪǿռҶȡ֮жȻնҶ⣬Ҷʱ򣬸ǺͷҶΪѣԽģҶԼƺβĹ
е׿ھ棬˳Ҳ뵽Щ
λΪʲôҪ˰ɣΪҶһģֻҪ֪飬ҶҲȻ֪
ˣ˵ʵ˶˳ƶϣûκεĸΪѪ˽ıͲ࣬Ҳ⣬ֱ˵ĵ˵ǶԵģ÷ҶͼıĵʲôأҪǿռҶĻӦöǣ˵ǰڣҲӦа취ǿռ
˳ͷǰҲ벻ҪʲôһѪ壬˰ռҶ壬ΪһѪ֮⣬ҪʲôǣҪʲô˵Զк
ˣҲŻὫǽлǹͬһ£Ͼǰ׿˵˼ҵͨ벻Ҷ˵ˣ޵ķʸ
ҪǣǸûа취Ϊһ֪ѪҲ֪ˣʱһǼϡ
ȫ˳ĬȷǸص⣡
ΪҶʦּ֣ŲߵУȻѡѸ˳˵ҲǵˣֱӸҶ
仰˵жѪҲ޿κΣֻܸ˳λҶصľʦѣ׸취ȥ
õ˼֮˭Ҳ޷뵽κΰ취ֻһһ٣Ҷ֮⣬˶֪£ȻҲԴӸ΢һ¡
˳ϸѯһ¹ںǵ飬ǿ˳Ų԰׵˼µջûʳ
ڣľǵȣȴҶ

Ҷڸϵ˵ʮۣȻǿĴпյһټĿռ䣡
Ҷռ֮еʱȴ˲оһΣյϢԼһɿֲѪ֮ʬ壬ֱѪ
ȴǸɸɾǰŸ֮дڵıڻûУֻһտ˼µټռ䣬һۿͷ
ҶţʲôûУΪҲһݷ˵꣬Ȼ粻Լ
ҶѭǹѪ֮ΪŨĵط˹ȥ
ˡ
ȻȻѪ֮ƣЩƣǺɫģǺɫ
ŷԲ׵ķΧ֮ڣɫѪ֮ǵأһ޵УȴǿյģʲôûС
ԣ
ҶȻ֣ſ޷Ĵһ۵Ľ֮ȴһѪ֮ƣȱһ˿


1755 Ĺ
Ѫ֮Ȼ϶ɣ£ʵϣÿһƶŹ̶״Ҳֱ治Ҷȴǿ׵ķֱ
ⷽԲȫֳɫѪ֮ɵĴϸо֮ҶԿ϶Ŵһӡ󷨡
Ҳ˵֮УԭǷӡʲôȻпĳȻڲ֪೤ӡŵȻĥһ˿Ѫ֮ơ
һӡ󷨸ʧЧ֪ǸסȻѾˡ
ﱾʮۣ²ûĻӦҲһݷ߻˵ѹǼˣʦ־Ȼֲһӡ󷨣˵ھѹ֪ʵǷǳǿ󡣡
ȻڣȻˣӣʦҲûԤϵģңһߣֻᷢʲôˣֻܽˣϵԶңҲܹͨЩ˿
˵ʵҶȻ棬ʲôһڣֵܹʦɷѿģڸǣΪʲô߻˵һ˿Ҳˣ
Ǹ뿪ˮ죬ҶҲϣּɡ
Ҷص˵ھۣΪеľ棬֮лٻе㲻ҶڵĪİΣԸûע⵽ˣֻǿ˳ɫ԰ףήҶüͷ
˳ķӦȻ죬ʵʵ˵ΪǲҶ٣˵ꡣ
Ҷ˳ļ򣬱ʾԼ͸мҲûоȥǽʮ۵˵˳
Ȼ˳ˣҲ϶Ҫȥ
ҶԶԶĿɱͬ˯һĪ磬ĬĬĵ磬ڿʼҾԲκߵ⣬
ĿҶ˳뿪˶̲ס˿ڳȻղҪʺǵ֮£ͷԼ򵥵Ҳձסˡ
ԭΪ˳ῴߣϧ˳Ȼַ֪ӡ󷨣ǶΪʲôѪ֮ƻǺɫǸڿȥͬ޴жϡ
ֻǣڷ߻˵ʧ˵꣬˳ȴǸƲ⣬һ־Ծɲڴ˴֮УֻǶû취ӦԻҪĪڶ֣ǼпܣѾǸߵĶˣ
ǺߵĻôĪҲΣˣ߻˵꣬Ȼǿޱȣȱһ˿״̬֮£˵ϻˣĪܷǸδ֪
˶û뵽ǣǻصھŴ۵ʱĪ羹ȻѾˣĻҲȫϨ𣬰Ȼ
ĪҶ뿪֮ûþ˹ȻѯҶ䣬֪Ҷ˳ǰʮۻûҡҡͷʵȥˣѾһ
仰ȻǲףҲö룬ΪھҪҪеľĪ硣
գڰʾ֮£˶ѡ˱ֳĬ黹ǽ˳Ҷɡ
ĪѣҶȻϲ쳣ǳ嵭˺֮ʼͷİˡ
Īδ֪֪ȥһҶҲǺȣΪ֪ӦĪֻ߻˵̬ȡ
ǻˣ˻꣡
Īһ׿˵Լݡ
ˣΪۣΪƣĪڵһֻͬ׵ʥޡˣ
ȥһڸղţʮǸӡ꣬Ȼ˳ΪʲôӳҲֻ֪֪˵һ˿ˡ
˳ƲǶԵģҶѾʵӵȥˣˣʲô
Ī룬Ҳ˻ĻƬ̺ŵʲôҲ֪Ϊ˵걻ֳʮݣÿһĳ̶ֳ˵ǶڵģԱ˴֮ȻܹͨĳַʽӦǺܶණҲǲģǺϲ˾ŷ꣬ôҲ֪ӡ֮ӡǸߵĵط˵ܹӦĹ
Ĺ
εĿĵؾĹһʡȥѰҵ鷳Ҷһ£磬ҵǸ꣬ǲǻû˵ձ
ܣ
Ҷ³һֻҪ˻ܹôܺĪкϻ꣬һĪͷǵ£ʵҲõߡ
ûкǵ⣬ҶԻãڣֻǰοĵ˵ͷȻˣھֱӶǰĹ
ĬĬվȴ˭Ҳûע⵽Ī˫ճҶ۾֮УȻǸʹ࣬Ĳᣡ


1756 
ԭ˻ΪҪǰһççɽкͷѰĹڣȻϵģĪ羹Ȼߴң֪Ĺľλá
ңΪ˻룬ȻľԾͣڷ˾ȴѾ޾Ĵ֮ѹԣ·ˣǰĹ
˵ʵҶĪһʱһӦǾܾΪǵѾ׷Ī԰뷨˭Ҳƾһ˵ȥʣµ·
ĪȴѵõĺҶ˷Ҷܣ֪㵣ҵİȫĹľλãڻ˻ļҲֻģģϾʱѾȥ꣬ҪһߣһжϷԣұһ𣡡
ô꣬ĪһԼļ֣գҶòЭͬĪ·
ĪͰ֮⣬Ȼͻ˻硣
׼ʱ򣬰ͻȻסҶĵҶҪ˵
˵ţ
ǰ㽻ֵǸûз֣رǿ󣿡
ˣȻӦþʹɡ
ҶΪ֮򣬺һˡ
Ҷ΢΢һû˵Ĵʲô
һ־磬־Ļֻ֣ǳڷսУ֪˲ࡣ
ΪսԵĲһ磬ǳ⣬ǰڵľ磬ôھ־ĻַʽȻͱ׸ˡ
磬ˣˣ˵ʵ̫㣬Ҳ֪˭μӷս˻ֳ󾳽硪
󾳽֮ؼһ׼Ƿܹʩչĳַ֮
ĳַ֮ˣ֮
󾳽磬ֱַžŸС磬Ϊžž
žĻֱ׼ֻ֪֪žĻֱ׼ʵǰվı׼
ľ磬Ǿһأľ磬أԴơ
ǧҪΪԷһؾСڷսУһпܣҲһأ˷֮ôͻֱӽ뵽һأһ죡
֮ܶʵĸߵ֣ԭȵΪ׼Է֮
ȻҲ˵һҪǿֻǷսоĻ֣ܴ֮ʵʵǿȻҪݸ˵ʵ˵ڵҶڷսУľһأĸ֣ҲصˣһǶ֣
֮ԻĻֻ֣ΪˣڷսУĿԣȷҪĴĶࡣ
仰˵Ҫ񣬾ͱ֮
ȫµľ绮֣˵ʵʵڷսУҶһأأص˵ҪΣո
ΪǳĿҪ˴Ķ࣬ôЩǿˣȻϣǳԾͻչǵ׷ɱ
ʱĸֻϵһרŻɱͼˣϾλޣһľ֣һ£
ĻҶ˳˼սȻ棬ȻĻֶ˾޴ı仯
֮Ƿܳ
ԼĿǰֻһأҪܽʵأ
֮
ֻķ֮Լʵ
ȻԼδҶѾȷĹ滮뵽˳ͰЩִҪμӷսˣǵδָι滮
Ȼ֮䣬ڸַ֮ǣܹм
Ѿ㹻ǿ׿֮ĻԼ٣Ƕͷܣȴûһʤ㡣
Ҷĺ˼֮УѾ뿪˵ھŴۣĪָĹķȥ
һ·֮ϣȻƽҶ΢΢ȻںɱķΪҪϢǱϾĪ磬ð˿ķա
ƽ֮˴֣뵽Ⱥɽ֮Уһɽǰʱ򣬲òͣ
ͣĲֹɽڵܣȺǧˣˣаٸ
Щ˸ŭȴ޿κΣΪɽȵѾһռݣҲ˴ƣȻҪԴΪؿ˽롣
Χǧˣ˵ʵҶеԾû뵽Ȼô˾ۼ
ѵЩ˶ǺԼһΪĹ
ҶܿûȤΪѾ˵ĿдˣռɽȵˣȻһ塪μң


1757 ͷ
οȻɱǵ֣κȴʶģοԴκ̬ϲѿûнκѣҶںЩֻ֪μҺκйϵɾѾ㹻ˡ
ҶԼһȦΧǧˣвûԼʶκһ
ҲμҹȻǿ󣬵Ϲ壬ĸˣμҵٴ󣬲ͬʱԣƱҪ£һЩȻܸõų
κͳôοĿҹ̬ϣȻҲѾɽȡ
ҶܣҪӲ
ĪҶʵ̫˽ˣҶǸֳһ˿Цʱ֪ҶҪʲôˡ
ֱڣҶͰҲûнϢһǲԸģǵҲԾɱһ˿ҵϣҲûأ
ԣĪ֪ռŹȿڣǧĺ˷˸ŭԵǿѾҶ
ҶЦĪֵĹǱȥǱؾ֮·˵ȻãԣֻӲˣģЩ˻˲ңػ磬ȵǴȥ֮
һĪȻټ£ΪʼĬĬվҶ֧ŮˣʵԶκ˶ҪԼʲôʲô
ĪͷԼĵ㣬費Ҫó棬Ӧñǿɣ
Ҫ󷨲ӣסҡ
ҶûƭĪ磬ǰסȿڵ󷨣ȻǱ˳¹̫ࡣ
ܹ֮ôˣĶֶֹǰԭ򣬲ǹȿڵ󷨣ռݹȿڵˣ
μңΪһ壬۹ʧ֮ٲȻͳΪĵһǵƶѾ쵽˺򣬾˵ͺͷҲĳֲΪ֪ĹϵԣμԣǾѰ·
Ī粻ٶ˵Ҷͻ˻磬Ҷֿ˰ҡҡͷҪĳַ򡣡
ҪҶ޷ܾҲţ԰ʣΪȱһ꣬¶ҪԼ
ۿսҪȷҪϽĳַ
ãףճɹȴͷ󣡡
£Ҷα˳ȥֱӳǲڹȿ֮ϵĴ
쿴˴ˣ˭
ʶȻҴأ˾Ҫμңɫ˰
ɫˣ㿴ʮӣҿǵɫˣǲ֪ոճˣ֪η
˵䣬˭ܹȥǾ͸ȥߣҾͲμһĸҴɱ䡣
ȻҶĳ˵ע⡣
ˣ
ȿ֮Ĵ֪ҶĴ룬Զ𵴣ƣɱâ䣬һһĹ಻ϵҶ˹ȥ
ߣ
Ҷıзһߣиֳƣ֮£Σȫ׼ȷıܿйֱԽ
Χ˵֮ټμѾ׼׵Ƶ
ಣ
һʱ֮䣬ֻۻңΪڴϿգȻͬʱʮҶ׵Ķзĸֹ
ⲢǷҶٶ̫죬λɢѾһλãʮҶ֮УֻһĶǲӰ
֮Ҷڿռ䷨֮ʩչѾ죬ܹСķΧ֮ڣ˲ܹ֮
μҲҶʼǻڱſֵ̬ȣ׼Ҷ󷨵Ĺ֮£ǵҶѾ˾ֹ֮˺ʵСӣʲôˣȻҴѵ֪μҲõ𣿡
ףȥҲͲ׷㴳֮
ʮҶͻȻϳһҶЦҾ׷һμҵĲ֮
䣡
Ҷ˫ۻ֮䣬ֳһΡɽֱӺݺݵ·Ĵ
ò˵ȻסҶҲ㹻̣һɽ£ȻֻǾһȴδ
˴ĶȻμ˵ķӦɽ֮УʱӿһȺˣɵǣһǰʱοߵģһ۾ϳҶæеץסүĵˡ
˵μҲܷŹҶۻļһͬʱΪ˷ֹҶƵ󣬵ĸ˳Ҷǰ
Ҷһɨˣ죬һ죡


1758 յϢ
һָҶɫĵСӣףֻҪڹԹ־ܣǾ㲻
ɫƽûۿҶȻǸûϣһȻΪԼҵүĿģȴҪɱӺ
ҶȻͷôܹ־ܣԻһãӶ֤˸μҵϡ
ֻϧʵǵ͹Ҷʵ
Ҷעǿߣ¶һ˿˲Цݣ˼˵ĻģյϢ
ˣ
ĸ˷ӦҶѾˣ
һѪҺڣܻ棬ս˲ʮûʱ˷ĸ˵ϣҪĹⱻ˽ȵǣû˿ı
ҶĻ棬μ˵ɫ֮оͶһ˿أȻ֪Ҷ֣ȴ֪Ǿ֮Ѫˡ
Ҫ֪ӵ֮ѪģСڿǣǲҪҶһ
ȻˣΪһ̣ҶѾ˲ֵ󣬱˺Ԫĺɽû˿ֱӶ˶Է࣬ȫһȭ˶ԷԴ
ʧȥ壬ڿ΢΢ҡһ£·䣬˴֮С
ﬣ
Ƽٵʬи⽴
ҶҪɱкκйصˣҪ׵ʽ
ʮսټ϶ڿռ䷨ԼλֵУ˭Ҳû뵽˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶȻѾɱһĸ֡
һ£е˶ˣ
ĸ֣ĿǰڣǾǶĴˣϾһƽ֮ʣĸֿɲˣȻҶλ־ȻҽѾֱ޷ܣ
ɵǿģʣˣҶ㲻սĽһһɱ
˵ˣҵѾˣ
ҶȻЦǴ˵Ļȴ˶ܸоһɳǵĺ⡣
ಣ
ٴοռ˲ƣһֲͬĺ󳾣˺ɽ֮£Դըʬ޴档
ʣڻعɫ࣬һ
˲ԭأͬʱ֣빥Ҷ
һͻȻҶԼգգ۾˫֮ţ;Լǰһɾ޴ǰ
һü֮϶ȻһɾʹһѪ䣬·Ĵ
һ嵽һ룬ĿõͬʱŵĵѣﻹҼҶзһĺУ̵תɽгȥ
ҪҹԹ־Ҿ֣
ҶһЦ˫󣬲ԭȱеĺɽȴǻһ磬ֱӶֵ壬ڿһȦ֮󣬻صҶڡ
ٶ֮죬д˶ûпɽĿ
˿Ѿû˹ĺɽĿˣǧѻȸÿס˺ע̲֮⽴
Ƭ̣Ӧ˲֮ǰ⻹֣
Ҷȴͬûһٴսûһɽͬʱɽ֮ϸ˼˿ԪȻɽ·Ĵ
¡
һΣҲ޷ֲֿײ֮ھУը˿
ҶȴѾڿһɽ֮ʣμ˹ȥ
ܰ
֪˭ȷһ󺰣Ľʮμ̵ͷܣﻹҼ
һҲߣ
Ҷ˫֮жȻһȫԵ۶ɵɫ޹ϴ֮ңͬʱ
ʮս֮£Ҷż̺˿ռ䷨Ҳ̺ɱ⣡
ɴ죡
ҽ˴ӿ׹䣬ÿ˵ü֮һѪܵ˿ڡ
ҶΣÿʮμˣԶĶѾܵǧ֮⣬ȴȻȫɱ
֧ʱ䶼ûеڹȿ֮μˣǲóĴѾȫУһеģֻһʮˣ
ҶŲͣɽȥ򣬽Ҷ
ʧ֮󣬹ȿ֮ǧŻعܴӶԷϿ𾪺η֮ɫ
ŸʲôûˣϽ尡
ȻȷһȺ˳ɽȣȴҲнԭأǶͬ⣬ǾԼûбҪȥ˻ˮ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾɽȣ֮£Ҳοټ
οһ㣡


1759 ɱο
Ҷƿ󷨣ɱͬʱھȿڴǧ֮ңɽ֮УһȺڻǰ߸˻Ȼ̧ͷ˹ȿڷ
ǶμҵˣΪ˷սμ˺ܶˣȻ֣˾ľǿߣ̸Ӧ󷨵ıһ˵ľ⡣
ߣ
һͷιڣɫۣɫ˷һߣμҵһ̫ϳ壬ǿͬˮһŹȿ֮ȡǡʱԭвҴصӿӦЩȺ֮ͻԼҵ󷨡
ҶʱѾ֣Ȼ壬ҲɵֱӾͱ¶ԼݣϢ
ôĵӣȻĸμҵϣ¹ؽͽȫɱˣھǶһʱ䣬ȵ˼֮һһʰǡ
ǣμ˼ӿٶȣǵĿǰ
ͬʱοȴǸһߣԶԶ׺˺棬ƺʲô֮ٶȻǰμҵĴ󲿶Ҳͽ˵롣
룬ο˵ʲô˿İΣ
Ƭ֮ȴǶȻһ˭
£Ѿһâһ򣬶ڿ֮УҶӰѾֳ
Ҷ
οҲһϳҶ΢΢еԾȻûϵҶȻʱ֣ҿҶ飬òҲ֪ԸԼġ
ο·
Ҷֱ˲ƣ׵Ķ㿪ֵ׷οҲ¶˲мЦƾ㣬ߣıؽ㣡
Ҷʵο˽⣬֪ԼĶ֣ԼôǿĸһԣȻûнҶϡ
֪ԴҶֿ֮ҶѾ֮ʵ˿ֲҶڿռ䷨֮ʩչҲĵز
οոµʱҶѾǰ
ûжķϻҶֱһȭٶ֮죬ο嶼Ŀ࣬ȻοһѾӦ˹֮ȻɫâҲҲǻȭӭȥ
ͬʱοȻЦԼΪȭѪľߣҶȻҪȭͷԸԼǲ
âһοȭͷ֮ըҶȭͷײһ
ȭͷӴɲǣο͸оһɿ񱩵˲ԼȭͷԴݿ֮ƣԼֱһǰֱԼڡ
οɫòҰޱȣͬʱзһ壬ȡ
䣡
꣬ͱһɿ񱩵ֱ˺˿˷˱ը
μλȭѪϣ֮ǣҶһȭɷ飬
ο뵽ʵĹҶΪκֺõĶ
Ȼ뵽ԼμҶΪȭѪȻȲҶȭͷ
ο񣡡
һĻοѣһͨзɳɢޱ޼ʵĲɫնȫûҶȥ
ﬣ
⽣ײһ뵵֮ϣֱӱ˳ȥμλֲ΢΢һһôܻжܹԼ
һ̣ؿһһֵĽѾؿڣͷͷų˿˿ԪȻԪ
䣡
Ԫ˲ӿڣοĺ󳾣ͬȻը
ɱôμ˺ο֮Ҷûټɱ䣬Ȼ޾μˣҲ֪μ˶ڣҪҵĹУ̺Ͱת򣬱ܿμҴ󲿶ӣķǰĹ
ܿ죬μ˾֪˹ȿ󷨱ƿľԼοѶ
һ£μȺ鼤ܣȻʱѰĹɳ֣һ㿪ʼɽѰҶټϧһдҪɱ
ͬʱμҲйҶϢϹͻҺеһЩͷ֮һۣھһϵе̸֮󣬱˴˱Э飬ѰҵĹͷսڵĻϣͬԸҶ
һҶֺܿʹɽֻҪڴɽ֮еģ֪ĴڣȻҲѰϾ㲻ܻ׽ҶֻҪ֪ЩйҶټܵõһʲƵĲƸ
ľ棬ҶҲѾǵˣͰ˵֮ǿһ˿ɱȣ׵ıܿ˵׷١
֮ǵǰһƬ£֮һ޼ʵ죬ĪȴԿ϶ĿǵĹ


1760 ƭ
Ĺ
վ±ϣĿȥǱ̿ϴƺһƬĻѩɽԼ֮׵޾Ԩ֮⣬ûκζҶͰѵĹԨ֮У
ȻĪɫȴޱȼĵʱδžУ֮֮ʱĹͻˣ
ĹڣȻǻ˻ĻȨԣҶȻĹûг֣ǰӡڵʮеǸ꣬νĹģ
Īûϻش𣬶üͷƺںͻ˻⣬Ƭ̺ŵӦǱĹȥģ
Ҷһѵ˵ʦʵҲ㵽пߣԻ˺ּԷ
Ȼ˻˵죬ĹŻ֣ôҶͰһ£ʱӦþ͹ˣȻֻĵȴͬʱҲĥĹ׻ʲôķʽ֡
ȴʱ򣬰һߣ˫ĿգԹԵĴĪȴҶĻУһߡ
ʼʱ˭Ҳû˵ܿ죬һʱȥɫİϦ
ʱĪƺǹСʵҶܣûƭʲô
ͻȻ⣬Ҷһ㶵ûа磬룬Ҵûƭ㡣
Ī¶ЦݵҾʣʲôٺ٣ôеð
ҶЦŵҲǽţֻû뵽⣬İɣ磬ǰûƭ㣬ԺҲƭ㡣
Ҷûע⵽ĪԼ˫ĵĽЩ
ԥһ£Īʵƭأ᲻ңҵ˵ã˵
ʱҶǸоˣԶ⴦¿ĻôҲᷢĪ˿̵쳣
ᣬƭңҲ㣬ҶĪıģشĻҲԴһܡ
ͬʱҲ۾Ҷˡ
֪
ҶѾ⣬Ī翴ҶŵΣŵ㲻ᣬɿ˽§Ҷ˫֣ĬĬվԴۿ֮зѾһ
ҶǰȻ˭Ҳûע⵽Ī磬ѾվԶ
ܿ죬һȺ˾ͳǵ֮УȺ˵ǧңȻ˴֮䱣μĽߣÿ˵Ŀ˿ȴȫǼҶϡ
Ҷ̧ͷգѾֻ֣죬Ҫһʱ䣬Ī磬Ĺ֮ӦòʲôҪرעĵط˰ɣ
Ī֪ܲԼ飬ӣôŵ˻ƵĹ֮Ὺڣھ֮ϣ㵱ĵ㡣
ȽĹ֮ټ
ҶֱӽĪ˻磬ȴû˿Īӿһ仰ǰҶܣĹǾҪټˣ
ڣȺҲ˾ҶͰŰԶĵطͣۿȥҶоȻ˲ϤӰ
ҵĺѩͼμǸԼڽµ۵ĴηɣƼҵɷϹĵؿܣЫӣμҵȵȡ
ЩУ֮ޱ֮⣬˶϶¶˺ڵķŭǺҶ֮䣬޷ĳޡ
ǧˣҶϲޱֻǶŰҪľǾʱ䣬ȴĹ֡
ҶͰǿ󣬵Ҳʮô˵Ķ֣ΨһĻᣬǵȵĹ֡
Ȼ֪Ĺ˿϶УǸҶ֮ǰڳĴ󲿷ʵӦöΪ˷սڶڣΪȫۼ˴˵أôȵĹֵʱ򣬱Ȼǵ𾪣Ӷɢע
ȻôĹƱΪӰ쵽ҶǵĿģ֮£Ҳûõİ취
ȻʱͻȻ¡һҶͰ֮´ӺƬ޾Ԩ֮УȻӿһƬãã
Ƭƶٶȼ죬÷ݣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ֮䡣
ͻı仯˶˵עҲʱû˳֣ȫεעƬ֪⵽ô¡
ͬҶͰҲ𾪣ΪĪĻ˵ĹĳӦٻаʱңѵʱǰˣ
Ȼֻͨİ˺ܿ췢ڣЩãֻͨĿȥ
˵ĿҶͰˣۺͻ֮£ǿĿȻֱͦɽ壬ʮͻأĴԨ֮л


1761 Ĺ
ֱͻأɽ峤ףǵ·ȻһƬľ޴ɽȫ޾Ԩ֮л
ɽھҵĲ˿ۼǧˣȴûһ˶Ķɽȫ׵׷ʲô
ÿ˵϶֮ɫĿһУҶͰ˶⡣
ȻĹֻǴǶû뵽ĹȻķʽ֡
һӹȥ־ҵ𵴲ƽ˿ƬɽҲȫԨ֮˳ǧɣߴףֱɽ壬ͬ޽һ㣬ֱ񷣬ּҪͱһĸо
Ȼؼȴܿĳޱߵİ֮УȻһ׶ľצأ׸߰죬ɷƼȥ֮״֮䡣
ƬɽȻһģֱɽȻǣɽɽ֮ƬƬ۵ʯǶС
Ĺ
Ĺ
Ҷֻ֮ңֱǴֿɼһ㡣
Ҷվ֮ԭǱɽߵɽȻȴֻǺɽƽɼ֮
̲סҪɣĹǷǵʥʯ֮γɵģʵ̫Ρ׳ۡ
ȥ׳֮⣬Ĺĳ֣ؼһѹƣҶǿ߶Ҫ¶Ĥݵĳ嶯
ȻѾһ˲Ķɽڵأ΢΢ϵҲ˾塣
ҶȴǶȻعæ̧ͷ죬ִ˿ѾҪӽ죬Ҳ˵Ĺʱܿ
һд򶷣ǧҪսĹʱܿھǣֻǲ֪ĸǣңһһ
ҶԴķʽͰ˽ȥжҲҵӦ
ʱȻȺ˸ĹĹʱ֮أԭֻǴ˵û뵽Ȼĳˣ
£һȺ˶ȻĹ˹ȥʱ˿̣ǵУûվ±ԵҶͰˡ
ҶоһסЩˣȻԨ֮£ͻȻһ޺춯أ
ಣ
һɳĺӰԨ֮жȻһȺˣӰֱУ뷢һĲҽУţ㱻Ӱһ˲ʹӿʧ
ʱҶҲˣӰȻһЩѾȫ˿УҲѾԨ·ȻֻŨŨӰӶˣһһأ˲Ϣѡ
ЩȥˣȻʲô֣ܹ뱱ɽѰҷսڵģߣʵٶﵽ죬Ĺ֮£Ȼһ㷴֮ûУ֪ʵʵͣ
ӣĹܻ
ٿ²ֹֻһֻ
ҶҲе£ղԼȥЩˣҲѾסˣڣһ鷳¡
ͻȻı仯˶סˣȻ֮еĴ󲿷ֶûпʲôͬǵǶΣյıȴǵĺ󱳶ðһ亹
һʱ֮䣬ûиóȻȥģȫԭأ˴
ĹֻҪ˶˵йĴ˵˴ηսھĹ֮С
Ĺǰȴû˸ǰˡ
ҶͰҲڵȣ֪Ĺ֮Ὺھ֮ϣ֪ĹܣƬ޾Ԩ֮пܻڸΣգֻҪһҲȥˡ
ڲƲģ
˾޴ջǰڻܲסվ˳һ´󺺴Ⱥ˳ӵɨ˵һǵСǲȥȥĹöɶҵˣ
˵֮󣬴󺺾ͳգеĿⶼϣ׼ζԸ
Ȼ󺺶Ѿɵһľ룬Ȼûг֣˻ǲѾԱˣԶûȤ
ԼҲˣ̲סĻعͷ˴ЦЩСڡ
ͻȻ󺺵Ļû˵꣬һź˲ɷף˱ͬһ㣬ӿֱˤȥԨ֮С
û˿ûд󺺵ĲҽУҲû׹֮󺺾ǵһ㡣
ô£
οûо֣ǴôĪĵȥأ
¡¡
һ죬Ȼ˵ĿٴμĹ֮ϡ
˿̣ͬ׵ɽ֮УȻһ߿Զ֮
ͬʱ֮죡


1762 Ԩ
쳹֮䣬ʵ
ʱ˿̣˵ֻһͷǲǸûһֱνĹ֮У
һĻˣȻ׵ɽǻԲƶ
¹ڴʱԵø쳣γһ޴Բ
ٿȻһɵİ׵֮У
ɽ֮ϣһڰҵķΧ֮ڣһʯʼµ䣬ܿγһֻ˶ޱȵĿͻȻŭգ䡣
ڿеɽɵצȻл״۵Ƭ״ʯҲ˸΢΢ӳԣȫɽ۶ɵľ˷ȥһ㡣
˶Ѿ⸱ͬλðľסˣɽ˷ʵ̫ʵ
ˣ
Ȼһ˿¹յߵǸƵ֮ϣɽ֮Ȼһ𵴣Լɼƺ¶һڡ
ƴҶȻŰߺһߣ
˻⣬ֱߵȥЩԭסˣǵĶ׷׻عϹǷĺ׷˹ȥ
˴ͷȻҲ޷ͣ˶ڿն𣬷׷ǸǣƺѾ˸ղǸ󺺵
ҶͰȻǰ棬˭ҲҴ⣬һںԪ֮£һԷСľ·޾ԨŻʲô޻߹Źֳ
Ԩ֮ȴǳ෭֮⣬ȴǷƽ˾ûκ쳣ȻҶͰԽһ룬ҲǸղǸµλ֮ʱȴͬʱоһأΪ֮һͣҲ޷ַУԼͬĴӿ׹ȥ
ȥ˲䣬Ҷȴǿǰ֮УΪԼͰ˳ײһŵĵ·ʱȻĹȻзӡ󷨱ֱþ޷򵥵˵ֹκ˷С
ҶͰ֮Щ׷϶ˣȻҲֶˣΪߵ֮ͣϾ½һ㣬һһģ·Ԩ׹ȥ
֮£˭ҲȥˣͳŸղɵľҲ֪Ԩ֮УȻһ֮ء
飡
ҶһŲʵأղʱ۲ˣȻͬˣٻܸӦʮҵľ룬ֻŨأ۶޷͸ʶѾ۵˼¡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ëȫһδ֪ΣմԴ
飡
Σ֮ԣҶæµĵطȥͬʱеģ
ۣ
һ̹ͻȻŨ֮г磬
õѣⶸȻٴ󣬳һֱ׵Ĺ֣һ̹˹֮ϣȻһ̲Һ壬ȴҲֱָҳһ󶴣Һ彦˰·ϣ·ʱðһ̡
ĳĶ֭
ͬʱҶҲڿԿڰŨ֮гһ޴ϸӰԼٶŰ
ȻҲˣμˣҶɫصĵòɣ
ҶҡҡͷǾͱȾϸˡ
ڣһԼɣСɽ㳤ŵľ޴򼡣
ȫҺڷ˫⣬Ũ֮Уͬͷ֮ϣɫƴĶķ룬âɲѼ
ȫòȻҶͰ̲ס˿˲Լͬתܡ
Ǵ򲻹ǾͳԷҲ֪Ǽʱ䣬˵ͷһȺµ䣬򣬵罫ǣѡߡ
Ȼ׼׷Ƕ˵򼷢˿ڵЩˣ̷ҶͰſһɫ֭Һ˳ȥ

һҽЩڿе˸û뵽͵Ϯʱм˱֭С
ϹȻУǺ⣬һЦһ˲ͱǣʱͬ鱩һɵߣ
ڻָ΢΢һ֮׹ԼҪڻԸֻ򼣬Ǳ˺ˣҲæֹͣ˳Ũ֮С
ҶͰͬҲŨ֮ҴУ̶ܹǧ׵·̣Ȼֻ;޴ĹޣȻս취㿪
ЩȻ󣬹Ҳʮ־ˣٶȴܵӰ죬ټ˵죬׷һ׷Ҳͷˡ
ڣҶоֻһ뷨ǳЩ޽ЩסĻᣬϽĹ


1763 
ڽĹķҶҲѾˣʵܼ򵥣ֻһ֡
ȻܷɣǾֻ˳һƬɽһֱΪֹˡ
Լ뷨˰֮ҶҲ飬Ѱһŵĵط̿ʼɽſȥ
ȻܹУ˵ʵɽȻٶҲͬɽ֮ϣһ·񱼡
˵󣬲ҽ˷֪жԨ֮еЩ޵ĿС
ҶѾƲĹˣʵԨӦһ󷨣ֱͨ£ƽյʱĹڵ֮Уȵضʱ䣬¹󷨣Ĺӵ𣬲ƬɽҲ󷨵֮£ͬһ˶Ӷϵڴ򿪡
ĹҲԴ󷨣Ϸ֮˲ֱӷɵǣҲرķ룬Ȼ̽ʱ
ĹܵЩޣȻӦþĹõĹޣһӴͲѿǵߣƽҲǺĹһڵ£뱻ӡ״̬ĹһҲ֣֮ɱЩ봳Ĺˡ
ҶͰʵǵʱҲˣǵҲһȺ˽棬Ҹʵǿᡣ
ȻǰǧеٮٮߣܿЩĹ޵ĹҲ뵽Ĺİ취
ʣµЩˣȻѾȫɥĹ޵С
ȻͨȷܹĹɽĹ̵УЩĹȴȻʱʱķϾǵʵ̫󣬸οЩޣеܿ¶Һеܷйеĵ̣ɽѶȡ
ҶͰۿһߣһСıһŻײУȻֿȴȻ޷棬ڲҽУٴεȥ
˶ʱ׿˳ޣһһķŵĶͬһͷһжȵĹ֮˵
ԽߣʣµҲԽ٣Ĺ޵ĹҲԻУǾͰȫˣΪҶͰϵʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ڵȻȫˣ
֮֮֮ҲȫʧĸɸɾڵҶͰͨˣ
ڵλãѾƶ֮У̧ƺ죬Хµ͵£ɽ֮ȫ˺һޱȣһСľͻȥ
Ȼȥδػǿ¾ûлˣ
Ļڲʩչڸ˵ʵΣյ˼£ҶͰҲû·ںɽʹá
ҶֻܽɽĲɽ֮Уͬʱ긫Ӹ˰ǽӸӵðһӭĴȥ
˲һЦͶſŷʼѵ
Ű֮󣬺Ȼɽ֮ϳ˱ڻ
ڻܼ򵥣ȴԿһƺ쵽֮ϣβʹźܶСˣЩСһɢŽ⣬ȴڵϣƺĤ
ҶͰľ벻ߣڻҲڲϷű仯ܿ죬СʧΧγ֮ӣ£⥣һȫ֡
ʱҶͰֶһۣ뵽֮ǰĲ²⣬ٽǰıڻжϳн֮ӵʮ֮п϶ġ
ģҶͰѾҪ׵Ķڻֳ֮˱仯ǰЩСٴγ֣ȫòҲȫչֳͷǰһƬʹǧеɽ𺣡
һĻڻҶͰĪǵҪʲô˼ȻҲûʱȥо˸Խڻ£ȻӿٶȣֱԾ׵Ķ֮¡
̧ͷǣ˾Ȼһƨ˵ϣΪǵĸɽ⻬ޱȣֱǱ˴ĥһԵá
ҶͰѾڴڴʧȥǲǿͬʱӵͨˣܹＸܿɹôȥͬһƽǡ
ʱȻһ紵ܵ΢һ㣬ҶͰͬʱִӵϱΪǺȻǵܣȻϵ̨ף
Ȼ̨ͬޱȣܺùֱ棬˲ٵ飬ͬʱ˹ȥҶǰں󣬿ٵȥ
һ·֮оգǵĶǰȻٴγһһ˵С·ʮףûлС·ľͷȻĹڡ
Ҷһİĵ㣬ȥˣ
Ҷ׼ʱͻȻһը˷಻켴ըһ
ţһһĽɫڿи֣ŵ֪飬ƺûһ㣡
ʱ˿ֹ̣ҶͰڵ˵ĿȫЩɫĴţڴŵλã鸡һѪĴ֡


1764 
죬һϮʤѩˣһ·嶥֮ϣԼǰڻĽɫţʵϸֳһ˿ЦݣūҲȥͶˣܷһ죬ΪǸ߸ϵ񡣡
վһߣϱһѪɫĴ󹭣ѪĿѹأ˵Ļͬ΢΢һЦˣʵɲΪūǲ⣬ֻţӦܹٹ˰ɣ
ɷ׷裬ЦԭΪѾһУû뵽һԾɷŲ⡮ˡ֣˵ĺãҾȥ˰ɣ
ɫȻһƬҫ۵İ׹⣬֮⣬ҲκζΣͶˣû˿ԥһ˽ɫĴ֮С

һ죬Ǳ鲼֮䣬޾Ľɫţվڲٷ嶥һȺɫ죬ȻһӲӣ̫ͬһˣһλޱ˵ļϹ飬ȻȥҲ㣬סһҪŻ
֪ˣ壡̧ͷԼһλĴ󺺵ħأ
˭÷үүǹʽأ㵽ģҲ϶øˣ
ûб΢΢һů⣬˵ͷ߰ɣ
˲ǰȽɫ֮һʮֲ۵ĺͷҲߵ˽Ǯ˿һۣЦŵӣҲսȥøλЦˣԺѪֻ鷳λˡ
ǰˣģѪǣһͻ֮˥
λԣҾˣϣջ
ţͷҲһȽɫ֮С
ʱ˿̣ڻڵĺܶطͬһĻݡ
ļң°ߵõ飬ˣȴ֮Σأ˵ˣҲδܹȻȥˣǾһĴһ
磬£ҶģΣһҪȥҪǲȥҾ͵͵ߣߣʱû㱣ңҴļʿ¸ˡ
㡭
գºãҲ˽ɫš
ڵ¥֮Уǧ˪ڼϸ˵֮£ͬ޷˵˽ɫš

˽֮磬ɭֵľ죬һʮĮһֻѾľ޴޵ڰγԼմѪƣ̧ͷʮͻأĳԼǰȽɫţĵսһ˼ʦаʦһҲμӰɣʦѾˣȻȻźܴĲֲ࣬ཫԽԽС
£϶Ȼӿһɫڿ۳һɫھֵɲǣ֮ϰ֮ȻһƬƬơ
̧ͷЩƣĮһ˿Ц죬Ϊ㣬ֻǵٵƻʦµĽ󷨣ȻзսǾνˣɣҸ
һͷ˽ɫţ˲䣬֮Уɢͣƺһжûзһ
ھ˵ز̫ԶĴȺϣ÷ɽȴɻ̧ͷղٵװ˭ڶɽ٣ôĪʧˣ£ЩˣȿһսɣȷĶ¼а׵õͣеķձȻҲǲ󣬲룬ڵӣ򲻿ɽ롣
̫ϳϣ̫ϳϣȻһٵԶԶˣС㣬СȽɫˣ
һ仰ʱ÷ɽɫȻòҰޱȣصһŵôôɵȻ֪ҶǷսǡ
£÷ɽӰѾʧ
֮⣬֮Ҳнɫŵĳ֣һһˣΪ޷ֵսǵջѡ˴š
֮ɫŵĳ֣ŷսʽվǼϵҶͰȻҲеĺ塣
Źž޲ϣȻ¶һ˿֮ɫҶ
Ҷؽҧҡҡͷ֪ڲǽʱ򣬵ҰǶʧһ֮һ룡
ã
˵ͷû˵ʲôҶٴοЩջĽɫűƿߵȽĹɣ
ҶĹڵʱ򣬺Ȼ˫ֺʲ΢ЦĵҶҶʧһ꣬Լһ㰲£أڣ
˵仰֮УѾԾ𣬳˾һȽɫţҶһ֮󣬴æȡһɫȻ˰бԴԺͻ긫϶Ϊһأ
һסʶԼһֻ־ȻץŻ긫Ҳûа취仹ҶˣΪѾԽ˽ɫĴţ


1765 Ĺ
ҶעŰӰʧ˽֮ڵƬ׹֮УĬĬĵҺܿҲսģʱһһȱʧ꣬ң
˵֮ҶûκεԥҲʧ֮ȻرĹڣȴûҵرյķֻգʧ֮һ˳֮ϡ
࣬ҲʮȻһ𣬵Ǳ˴˼ԾμٲȻڼͬ
ǰһȺ˾μҵģͷλ̫ϳ壬˿̵ȴûǰֳȻ߰һ·֮ϵЩ͵Ĺޣɽ֮ã˲СĴۣ˿ΪǱ
ȻֹܹˣѾĹҶʵһǱ
μҸֻ֣ʣʮ֮һ⼸֮۵⣬ҪôˣҪôǽ˽ɫ֮УĻǴ˵أһеĺȫ㵽Ҷͷϡ
ˣ˸֮£ȴһ˿ײ̰˵е֮Ĺھǰ滹֪Ŷ챦һУԼμС
Ҳܹߵһˣûһˣҵʵĳ̶ֳ˵޼ҪõȻмҵĶ񶷡
Ϲ壬ǻҺ۹ˣʣµĶˣμٻռһơ
ɨһۣ岢δ˵һȣԾĹ֮Уڱ˴˶һ֮ȻҲǲν롣
ʱ˿̣Ҷȴͬɵһ㣬ǰֵɽȣΪû뵽Ĺ֮оȻôһڣ
һԴһɽȣʾͷϦӳɽ涷޵ĸָĻ䣬ԳһĲĲ
̵ĲƺԴڷ涷֮£ȴƽģ޾⣬Եе㲻ʵ
ڷƬ֮Ҷ̲ס̧ͷԼϷһƬεգûʲôڳڣ֪Լôɽ֮еġ
ӣĹ֮ӦҲһСˣʥȻ޵еĴڣôһ򵥵С£ȻǲκεѶȡ
Ҷ壬ǰѾȫͷ˳Լоࡣ
Ҷ˴΢εĵطΪ֪Լ϶˸һ䲻Ƚ
ȴĹ̵УҶӿһɬΪȻԼճɹĹĹ֮ȴԼߵڲϵļ١
ʥ֮дأ֪ս죻ѾǰսİСǣ
Ҷ޷İǣһɸΪԤУÿҪŬ̽ѰԤе״ʲô˼ʱ򣬾ͻһ־ҵʹϮȫҪ˸һȫ˺һҲֻȴ
ҶĽ׳⣬Լƽĵĵȴʱֵܳĵˡ
һʱȥȴӰûеһеɻѵЩ˶ûи˵ͬһ˷ս
ֵһ֮ҶȷЩӦǲٳˣԴ֮˳Ȼ㽫˶ٻ˳
ûд֮ѹеյ㣬ҲÿѰһԵڡ
ĪֱӾҶԱߣ˫Уһ˿ˣæŴܣֻ˳üͷһǴŵʵأ
Ȼ˳Ϊʲô⣬ҶЦŰڰֵģû£ֻһǰսˡ
ʲôսѾˣ
𣿡
ʲôģռ֮𣿡
˵ĶԻ̽˵ע˻ΧҶߣѯ
˵̬ȣҶ֪ȵԼ˴Ĺ뿪֮󣬿¶ѡսԼҲ޷ֹϾⶼǵѡ
Ҷͽһ·ϵľϸ˵һ飬ǹڷսڵһУ֮˶˼˳ʵڣһʱ̲ر𣿡
Ӧòᣬղ۲һ£˽룬ڲŻرա
Ƭʱ䣬ҶһӵˣѾ뵽ĹˣҲǻûԵˣλȽŵһ߰ɣ


1766 ƭ
Ե֣˶侲ʱʼĬĬĹ۲ܵ˳Ȼɫͻ䣬ͳ˲ԶһƬҡҷĸֲ֮ԣϸ۲ţͬʱ߽ͬԵ÷ǳļ
Ҫ֪˳侲ǳģȻھȻֵܹʧ̬˵һǷʲô˲õȻҲ˵ĺ棬ڴҶ˹ȥ
Ѿȥһ꿴ʮĻˣɱңЩֲﶼɲҩֱܲӳȥ
ôһ˵˳ı֮⣬ҩҲĵá
˳ȴҡҡͷЩǵʲôɲҩЩֲͨȴһ㶼ͨˣ
Ҫժ仰ʱйɿֵˣ˵ܲܿףʲôֲͨͨͨĻôʲô
˳ץһͬβͲһֲβݣֻܻһ꣬ڣҹ۲죬Ѿﵽ֪꣬ζʲô𣿡
˶ҡͷʾ֪
˵ѾͻԼޣ˳Ȼֻаȴһ룬ˣЩ޷ͻ˥ˣԭҲֻʣʮȴܵõʮװ׶ʮ꣬Ǹʱ䣬㣬ûд֮ѹչأͻ˥ĿҲҪߣ
˳ôһͣ˶ʱȻ򣬶Ƿ׷׶ݣҶ
ڻʱ֪һܹԪĵҩļֵ
Ȼʮ࣬һͻȻʮǽֿԡ
仰˵Щ֮ˣֱ൱һ֮ĵط
˵Щ֮ˣǣκһҲͻƸԵޣԣܹ߾ͺˡ
˳˵仰ʱ򣬿ҶȻΪֻҶ²ĹЯ
˳ûеȵҶĻش𣬶ǿҶԵĪ磬ͻȻһ˿ҡ
˳üͷ΢΢𣬶ĪѾŵʵﻹĹֻĹΧ󷨱ھƿ󷨡
˵ʵɿҶƣǰȥĪ磬ÿ˶оֵֹģΪǴûмĪ֣ȻڣȴҪƿ󷨣˽Ĺ˻ںϣ˵ĪĻԵ
ҶעĪıӰͶ˶Ҫ˵ʲôȴվû˵ڣüͷ˳ȴǶȻһţ
˵Ŀȫ˳ĪҲ΢΢һͣתٴδһΪ˿̵Ī磬ȻѾʹ档
磬ôˣ
ҶһѾ嵽Īߣһѽ§˻Уͬʱתͷ˳̾˿磬һ¶˰ɣԲұƵģ¶ӦúҪ
ҶȴһӽıסĪ磬㲻˵Բ˵

ſҶеĪȻ̧ͷȻɴˮ˫֮ȴ¶һݼ֮ɫ
ȻĪӲǴϼһЦݣЦȴÿ˸оһ飬Ҳ֪Ī飬Բʲô¡
˿ĪŶҶĿҶܣ֮ǰƭ㣬ʵں˾ŷݻ˻ʱҾ֪һС
ҶѾҵĲȻ˵ȴĹ֮ʱĪԼǸ⣬ӣǲ֮ʣĪ֪ʲô飬ֹʳԼ̬ȡ
ҶʱĪĻشһ֪ĪƭԼҲ˿סĪͣ˵ġ
Ҳ֪ԼôֻͬһЦݵ˵֪ʲô
Īϴűˣ֮гǸԲҶܣҲˣӵһƻ˻ڿʼҾ֪Ҫˣ
ҶѾ׼Ǵ˿仰˵Ȼһ㣬ֱлһƬð޷ع
˵̬Ҳòȥ˳ڸղſһ֮⣬˭Ҳû뵽Ī羹ȻĹ֮С
ҶǿаסԼƽĿʵΪʲô
Ī翴Ҷ˵˴𰸣ΪҪĹˣػĹ


1767 Ĺ
Ĺ֮Уԭʥʬ壬ȻǶʬ壬֪ж˶죬˸߸ϵԱҪػĹ
ڴ֮ǰĹľʮеʮǿ꣬Ҷǵһ룬ԼһߣĹֳ˲״̬ԣŻŴʱ˿̴Ԩг֡
ȻĻΪʲô粻֣֣ƫƫҶǵʱ֣һеԭ򣬲ΪҪĹ˶ѡ
ܹػĹģֻкʥʵ֮Ҳʥ޻ˣҲ˵õ˻ϿɣϻĪ磬ΨһʵĹ֮ˡ
κˣҶڣ޷Ĺ֮С
Ҷܣ𣿡
Ī˶˳ĬҶڰ֮ҡҡͷˣҲһʬ壬һ취ߣߵĻô˭Ҫ͸˭
ĪЦˣḧҶյҶܣͳˣ˵ЩĻˣʥǹŽ޵еĴڣԴߵģʬ˵õô֪𣿲㣬Сԣ죬кӺϻ˶
֮ӵ꣬
仰ڳ˭ҲİֻԭǲĻڣڣƬĵطһʬ塣
Ȼû֪Ҫȴ뵽ȻȽ֮ӵ뵽ʬ֮С
Ҳ˵Ī粢ûΣ֮ԱҪĹĹˣΪϣҶЩѾӺϻκεΣա
ǰĪ羡֪ҶټķգȴֹΪ׸Ѿллˣڣõ˻˻ϿɣʵȥΪҶǳе赲һЩգȻ޷ˣ
Ҷ֪Ī˵ʵȴԾ޷ͬ⣬ĪĹ֮Уػ
磬ңͬ⣬϶бİ취ġҶȻת˳˵ǲǻİ취
˳ԥƬ̺ղ˵ĹʱЩڻܲ³Щڻˡ
ЩɢŽСˣ֮Ӵľǵ꣬עڣ临ȻΧߣʼ׷ǰһƬ֮ǧŵɽ𺣣ЩԿ·Ϊ·֮˭Ҳ֪ʲôпǴŸ߲ε磬ҲпͬһĿֲ֮ء
򵥵˵ʥǴ·ߵǸŵĹؼ
˳Ǵˣ˵ͱͣٶ˵֣ȻûֱӻشҶ⣬ȴڻĺ˳
Ҫ˼ˣǾǣԲŹĹ²ϧһдҲҪ뷽跨Ľʬ֮ӵ꼯룬ӶΪ·׼
һĹûĹ˵ĻʱؾܽƿסȻҪɱкӽ˺ϻˡ
ˣĹҪĹˣ
һһļž֮Ҷ˵ĪȴѾһס͵ҶܣҺʶ쿪ʼҾͲһУһУߣҺ֮Ĳʵ̫ˣжٴΣҶһֳ嶯˺Ǹ磬ܹߣܹ޼䣬һ𣡡
ǣҲܣҲÿ뷨ʱҾѡҹҹԼƣ͵˼㣬ֱԹȥʲôҲˣʱ䳤ˣҲͳϰߡ
ϰ˳ڼ㣬ϰ˲ܣϰ˰Ĵڻ磬κʱ֣ܳѹԼи飡ϰߣĲʲôϰߣ
Ҷ𾪵ĿĪ磬˵ʵû뵽Ī˵Ķȹį¡
ʵ˸ˣӦ˽⣬Ī統Ȼ׷ҶɼԸжˬҲı濴һĸоʵΪ˰ˣ¾ͼܹһ
ҶʣԼ
ҶܣҲٹˣ˵ĶԣεȷĪĻԵ˻˻ĺϻ꣬һԼǿ󣬱¸ңܹ֮ľ룬ңгһգǻٴʱҾͲǸֻܶڻ磬쵣£ͻȻһجĵŮӡ
ʱһΪܹЯֲ磬̹Ȼһеģޣ


1768 
ʿģ飬Ĳ飬֮һ֣͸ƣ֮֮
һ̣ҶԺ֮кȻֳʦԼǾ仰
ԭʦͬ㵽˻ڵΣԼֿΣԲŻᾡܵĹȰԼ£
ǣԼŵ
ҶĲõĪϲϵ᣺磬ɵЩӦң֪ΪҶԸʵǸ׳գģȻǾ仰ңţҲ㣡
Ī翪ڣҶѾŵΣľѡ񣬵˵ģгһգһ뿪ţһ죬̫Զģ
仰ҶѾ˾
ȻҶζԸĪĹ֮Уղŵһ˲䣬ɴĪԼֵǻȥ磬еһУȥκ飬ԼʲôݣĩգֻҪܹúõĻԼߡ
ǣô˽̶ֳȣҲ֮Ϊˡ
ĪкЦţһһͷʵҶŸĲᡣ
ˣҶܣҪʼˣĪĲϵۣҶ¶һõЦݡ
Ҷĺͷɬᣬ³һֶǶһΪѵ飬ֻǵ׵ͷţȥ󡣡
ĪĿҶȻٴ˽ĻץסҶǰ½ָףȻ̧ͷ־סҶͣ
һ̣Χ续ͬľͷ
Ī뿪ҶĻɽȣıӰȻûڡһ촫֮һҫ۵ĺɫʡ
ҶճյעŻ棬Լɼ֮ŵĪӰʱ˳˹ĵȵĹ֮鶼ǣ㣬ɣ
Ҷûлش𣬶ǻȻת˫֮¶ֲɱעһĵȻˣͳɣ
˶ǶȻɫû뵽ʱ˿̾Ȼ˴룬Ҷ֪ЩȻǰɽ֮ϣʼսԼͰġ
֮ôòų֣ӦƬɽ֮бʹĳ󷨣ǻ˲ʱ䣬һ̲Ÿ˹
ȻһƬɫĻ֮ͬˮһ㷺߳һȺΪ׵μҵ壬󣬻мҶˣҵɣƼҵɷԼϹ
ȺһȺ·ˣŮУòΪƽӹȻ˿ǿ򶨣ǵȴԲһ˿η塣
ȺˣҶһ⣬
ɱ֣ϰڰǣ˿̴ΪܵﻷӰ죬¶֮ϣһ˿ڣη塣
ԷܹжʮĸˣҶǵķΣǵݺܿжϡ
μҵˣϹҺƼҸˣɱˣŸˣӦԻҺ򣬻·ϵһЩеĸ֡
ʮˣԶǶ֣һ֣Ҷ˵ѹȷʮ־޴ġ
ҶȻη壬׼˶ͻػʱ˳ȴ侲ľܾαͻȥҲľ磬һս֮
裬죬ǬҲҡͷǶѾ˺ϻ꣬ʵ죬ȻЩҪܶ࣬ڵǱҪվ
ǼѾӽ˺ϻ꣬ҪʱҲɱﵣŪ㲻ȵǿӦҲȵ̫ɣ
Ҷ侲жϣϾԷ˶ڣԼһ֮ȷѵֵôˣȷʵҪ֡
Ƭ̺ҶǬǬ裬ҽͻػ磬鷳ȥ硣
ţҶֶ˳һסǣ취첼ü󷨳
죬ʵʵ֮ǿģڱ֤Լ˺£ж
ҶģҲû飬ٰźһ֮ҶҲڿ˶ˣסһЦ
Ҷ˲мͱģҶ𱨣ԼãʵߣѾˡ
ȴǸûһһЦҶʱϵΣȡƽɱμοִĹɣܹĹҲĸˣ
ʱɲҧҶһڣҹ⽫ο֮鳶˳˼֮ݶɼһߣ
ȻɵĻ£ѾҶ˹ȥ


1769 ս
ɱڣڸμϣɱοҶ޲ýʬΣӳԼսʱ䣬һжֻΪڡ
֮ƼɷҲɷ˳ҶɱĴưݳޣʱˡ
ߣһ㣬ͬһСɽһİ˰׳һЦ㽫ܷСѩ˵ģҵҪ㵽жͣ
Ҷÿ˹ⶼߵķǳÿ̤һͷųһɿֲѹȵߵҶǰʱܵĸֲﶼѾȫή䣬Ȼ޷ܡ
Ҷʼնޱ飬ͻȻ䡰ಡһһǹѾ֮ϣֱӴ͸û¡
ֻҶȴֻͬˮһ΢΢һΣѾʧ

һҽͻأĴ˵ѭȥҶѾվһƬ֮Уߣֻһ̲ͬһĺ״ĽѪܵĻȫȾ졣
ȻɱҪ͵ϮҶȴһԴɱߵĲ״׳жһ˿𺳣Ҫôǿܹ˲佫һҳࣿ
ΪĪ飬Ҷͱһӻ˸ԷйĻᣬɱƣ飬ȫһͽԷɱ
ɱ
Ŀзһȣ̧һָһѪȻڿſգͬʱѪ֮оȻŰɲ֮䣬Ҷ֮ܰѾͬһ硣
ɷϢ֮Уϳһźɫ۳һ޴Σͷ˫ǣԼ٣ƺЦһ¾ȻƬѪ֮УҶ
ѪǱص𣬾ȻκӰû˿ãΪһ㣬;޴ͬһ
׳嵽ҶߵģһƣֻƺһʾɷĲԭվƬ̺󣬺ȻĿͶԱߵ˳ˣʱһЦǾɱǼ
˳һЦͻȻ֣ʮ˵ӰѪ˲ͽ׳Ҿ˳Ŀƣ˲䲼óһ󷨣ɼ׳¶˴֮ɫžȻת
󵨣
һȴһϹȻ˳˹ȻҪƿ󷨣׳ȳȻ˳ȴһţâ£ţɽ֮һ˫ɫ棬طͬʱӿķΧȻڳ˶
һĻľ첻Ŀɿڴ˵ʵȻ֪ҶݣҲҶߣΪˣڳҶ֮ˣûз
⵹ԸԴ󣬶ʵˣһӣὫ˷ϰɣ
Ȼ˳˲Ϣ֮侹ȻԼ˫棬óһס˵󷨣ίʵǳ˾ȻҲǶʱɢеӡ
ʵ̲סʵôģ
˳ȴûлشΪ˿ɫ죬˫ۻ˫ɫ棬ȫٿ󷨡
֮סĿվ۷ϵһȺˣ˳ڵʵɱǣֻ취󷨴ڵʱһ㣬סǸʱ䣬ӶΪԼȡĻᡣ
ôģʵ˵˺ܼ򵥣Ⱥ˳ֵ˲䣬˳ѾԼ˫棬ӵϢ뵽ѡõλãȻıӶ
˫ΪΪۣó󷨡
ھ˼ԼжʱѾ˳Ĵ죬㰴ҵָɱУ
ţкȻͳһѵ·ߣҲ󷨵ͼȻٴ˾ľȣ⵽ôġ
Ȼ˲ôˣôһõɱлᣬܴгԴڽѪ䣬ѾС
飡
һײ𣬱Ѫ֮УյҶһȭͽʹɷͷųħӰɢ˿С
ħӰȻôʧɷĲٿ֮£ɢӰ˲۵һ
ˣ
ҶѪɫ棬պɽٴγħӰ̳
ȻҶޱ飬ȴ΢΢һΪڵֹۣԼںˣһ˳󷨱ƣôһȺ۷־Ի׵ĽԼ˺Ƭ
һһĻҶκˣۣһȺۼĸ֣սʤ


1770 ˲
ҶʵɷֺγǸϵ𾪣˺֮£ȻܽҶΣ壬ԼǳģȻҶȴǻȻ塣
𣡡
ʱܴһŭ˲仯࣬һֻߴ׵ľܣֻͬĥ̴СŵȻ¡
¡
طҲȴûѿϾﲻͨطĹ֮УԶҪʵĶ࣬ǣһɫдӵر֮ϳ֣ľԴԴȼյ棡
ɲ֮䣬;ѾиѳΣȻҲ֮Ϩ𣬶˳ȻһѪжȻⱩǣһͷͬͻľ޴ͷϿոֶ
ĳ֣Ѫס׳ͻȻһ飬ܵĳֹһȻ㶵ԭء
ͬʱҶҲ˳Ĵɱֻܣ
ҶںħӰǶ˷۹·뱣֤˳;ǲܵκε˺Դ˿˳Ĵٿ׳ӣ֪ԷһǱ˳ʲôס꣬ȷҲǻɱĺûᡣ
ã
ҶһζȻ仯ʮֻپצ鱧ţһѪɫ޽˲両֣ϵѹû˿ͣ٣׳
ȫϻ״̬ܹ̬ʩչս
ƽɷǴһû뵽ҶڱԼϰΧ£Ȼܻӣʩչս
Ѫɫ޽ͬһɫ磬˲ͻѪİΧƽɷħӰȻһ̾Ȼǰȥ赲οҲסҶǿ״̬һˣ
ۣ
һѪѪɫ޽ֱӶ׳ԴƬǾ޴ھ˾ҵĲ֮ںȻԵ˵ϡ
һɱ
ǿһĻˣϲ΢΢ɫʮ׳ʵǿɲһǿȻھȻڱ״̬֮£Ҷһɱ
һ̳֮ҶȴҲƺߣΪѾԾѪ֮Уݺһȭǻ֮ϣƽɷҲûţħӰХΧЩѪȫ⣬ڣʵţгһ׵ħͬһصĿҶβ֮ϡ
˿ҶոշȫһȻǿޱȣǱλͬʱ壬Ȼˡ
žһβһ˦ͽħͬǱħҷ˳ȥٴһ𣬽Ҳ˦˳ȥ
Ҷ˳״̬ҪӵǱȻûܵǸղԺϻ״̬ʱ׳꣬ڻ΢΢һ޴ڵȴĲٿأԿ֪⵽ʲô̶ȡ
ֳѪ˳İȫ·ߣͨĽ뵽֮УһһϹ
˵ʵʵҲǷȱģºʱ򣬾ΪηѡܣȻҶͰ˲ʵжΪģĵʵսУֱϹֲҲٴչ˳
ۼϹ˿̾Լǰ˵ɱ˶ԷǶԷɢѹѪ׺ݵ񣬾ԼеһվﾹȻҳ֡
죬ڱ󣬸㣡
˳ϵĴߴž죬Ϊ״̬ԽԽ޷֧Ŷʱ䣬ϣڵ֮ǰܹ;ܵİҶˡ
Ǿڹؼʱ̾Ȼӣ
ʵҲǿߣеη壬֮ܣһӣȥɱһˣȻе¡
ʱͻȻҶ죬ˣھͽʦֽĲڽ֮һʽ㣡
ȻͷֻҶ֪ʱѾ»ΣϴŰ߲ѪǱɽһ˫۾ȴǿɽȵĪڡ
Ҷһ֮󣬶Ȼ趯֮
һŲɫĹͬһӺɽ֮ӶϸᷢЩ֮Уʵ۳һһĻ棬ҶĪһν
ϸЩͬһĹÿһƲĶɣžĶǵܣձѣ˿ϸѷӣеĹ֮УȴһĨ⣬һĨµĽ⣬̶ֱ
˲ڣ


1771 
ڽڽĲ򣬻۳ʽУֱ˾Ȼͨķ̸Ҷ˵ʵҶȴǸ֪ǲ֪ô̸졣
ȻڸղţɷĹ֮ʱڿΪηҳ֮ʱ뵽Ĺ뿪֮󣬾ҪĪֱ֮ʱඥһ㣬Ȼˣ
ȻΣеңȴǲڣ
һΣ
ҶһĴ̳ɷ˵ɫ䣬˼ͬʱҲתܣԽʩչ˼ޣ˲ԼķħʵӰֻһͷ㿪ͻ
һ̣ʱ·ֹһ㣬ֻܿһƽɰǿǴԽʱգ޾֮Ƕأ֮ش
һ貺⣬һȫ̴
ķħʵӰȫѾն˷飬ʧ֮Уɷ֮һֱµľ޴˿ڣ͸˿ڶܿڸѵĹͷ㱻һΪ
ʵϾҪɷǿһֻǽͷһأɢ俪ɢǰǱ󣬿ӵǱ
л
ȻԶԶ˫ֽסеѪͻȻ˸һ㣬˵֮϶ɢһƣӱˮҲͷ֮ϸֶзУʿ磡
һ̣ԼΪ
ŰĽͬһ㣬˷֮еϹԸо˲ԾζԴĴΧ
һĿĺ⴩Խʱն
ۣ
ѪĽϹΣչͷоǵضԲһ˱һˣһֱֻȴǱնڵأ۵
һ̳Ȼ΢΢ղһֻ̣ԼƺѾеѪ˳ȥ
ɹˣĳɹˣ
Ȼ첢δһɱڵʵϻ궼ûн뵽ȫ״̬ܶһϹ˺ȷֵеԺ
ʵ˲һУͻˣΪǱѪУͲһУֻֻѧΣȴûᵽ⣬ֱղҶ˲̺Ľ⣬ͷŵ쾡µʱ򣬲ԼǷȱĵط
Ҷ¶Цݣž˵ͷ֪ڿʼ˽ȱš
ӵԼʵôղһ̺ҪԼʩչ˲ڣ֮¹
죬죬һ
˳ٵþ˹æһͷٴξнǰѾһֱֻ۵Ϲ
ȻھһովͬʱͻȻһΣ˱ֱԵ˵ϣϢ
죡
Ҷʧɫæ˹ȥȻͬʱȴҲ˳ſЦҲˣ
飡
£˳ҲǺȻԵڵء

ҶѪҺڣռ䷨֮һ̱ʩչ˼£ֱ˾ߣȥʱͻȻԼҲǴһѣΣڽŲһģڵء
ô£Ȼ˵ˣǲ˲ð
𣡡
ͻȻٵĺУƺǸܵʲôѰ֮ȴһ˿ηζ
ҶʱҲûʱȥ뵽ôˣ˳ĵ£˫ɫѾ˲ʧȻҲɢסһȫ˳ÿҲβȵҶ
ҶҧأһУҪͻػ磬ȴ˸գһ徹Ȼ͸ΪͻأĴӵʧˡ
ȻͷǱ˳Ҳˣ͸̶ͻأʧǴûдڹһ
ʦ
Ҷ磡
ɽȵֱͬǬ裬ҶһҪȥǵôˣǴʱ˿̣ȴܷĸоһص˷ԼֶԼ޷
ǲû̺⣬Ҷȴ֪ԼĻԼӦҲ˳һ𽥱͸Ӷĵط
ҶתӦĹ֮ӦǺϻ֮˶ᱻߣǺ£Ҳߣ绹󣡡
𣡡
һҶٴλ֮ΣȫȼܵѪɫ棬ȫĪͬʱһ˫ɱ۾ȴǶ׼Ķʮ֡


1772 Ѫ
䣡
ҶֻԼԺ֮һ֮ԼϵǹǱԼһ㣬ʱһᡣ
ҶȴҲһ飬ǾѪԼȻϵԼ޷ٻѪеˣѪҲ޷Ի
ҶǶʧˣֻʣһˣѵ㻹Ϊƾһֿܹ֮ô𣿡
һԶ˵һҶûмĮߡ
ȻΪ⣬Ϊ࣬ȻܹΣԣӦɣҲ𣺡ҸıˣɱʵڿϧϿ̫ܣֻҪģôҾһ
ɭ˫֮ȴ͸̰֮ɫţҶǿǴ˴ôһĻᣬɲҪʶô
һֱֻ۵ϹǺεͷԼ촽ǰŶð
ҶȺԼ֮ǵˣͻȻ֮侹Ȼתͷ֪ҪھԼصܡ
ԼߵѪѪǿӵ壬һжǳȤܹ֪еܣõԼ˵Ȼ޾ĺô
Σ
˶֮³֡
ҶٴλΪΣȻ״̬ܹʵȴҲ൱ǰôĵˣ뾡ܵıʵ٣ܹ֤Ī粻˺ʵ
ɽȵŰĪĻ棬ȻȼţֻǬ裬Ѿ˳һʧˣ͵ڵĪȫ״̬Ҷ뵲ǰԼܵı
ҶĻشȴҲ˵֮Уȱ̬ߣȻ㾴ƲԳԷƣǾͱǲˣ
ҶһЦλϱȻȵСģʩչ˿ռ䷨֮
£һ˵߶Ȼһ«ڳ£˲һ׹⣬Ȼγһ͸ӣʱ
ͬʱҶ΢΢һȻԾЦȴǰޣΪղȷʩչ˲ƣҪٽԷˣɱɱǵû뵽ȴ֡
ȻӦ֪֮飬Զڷ֮ĶԶ񣬹ʶܹһڵơ
Ǹӳĺ«ҲͷСԼִ֮޷ƿֻ޹ڵסԼһ֮󣬾ͽ«еİ׹ջأҶһЦͻȻʮָͷѪʱǵصˡ
Ѫ֮Ѫ裡
ѪڷеĹĺۼеĺۼһ̾ȻȫĽһһŴɱ֪ҲҪһƤ
ˣ˸ͨ׷ԼķʽЩѪ
֮ۡ죬˷ӦѪζ֮⣬ȫɹĽѪλסɡ
Ȼһ̣ЩɢѪͻȻһ۶ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ȼ۳һѪɫӰ
Ѫ֮Ѫ
ѪɫӰɢѪ֮ζͻȻһˣ䲻֮£˫־ȻֱӲ˶Էؿڣʱ˾ŴͣۿɼٶȼٸɿݣڵѪԴԴϵ˳˫ѪӰ֮С
ѪԽ࣬ҶɫԽӺȻͨѪɫӰԼĵ
һĻĿɿڴǾħѪɷҲмɫȻδ˲̵ķ
ȷΪѪӰʩչ̫̣ܹȡκϵѪҺҶ׼ʹãڣȻûκι˼ˡ
ȷ
֪˭һ󺰣˱һѷĳҶ
һսʱƬɽ֮бˣ
Ҷͷɽ˫ֻצѪҺڣ˲֮֮С
ѾԼһȫʩչ˳ͬһһ㣬ޱȡ
ϧ˫ȭѵ֣οҶԵĶǺƾеƬ֮ҶѾ˺ۣѪ죡
ڵҶֻһͷǾܶʱ䣬ţֻҪĪܹƿ󷨣ĹΪĹˣȻܹӵԱ֮ôԼսڴˣҲź
ģҶ˫ۿʼģŲҲģͷĺɽ˽İ֮Ҫֲסˡ
ۣ
һ֪ѪɫìֱӹᴩҶţֱֱĶ˵ϣӳì֮аγһ޸ݺݵĿļ֮ϣǿҲǹǶϽۡ
Ҷܣ
Ҷ֮ʱԼĪĺţʲôͻȻ䴳Լ֮УһůʵϢ˲佫Լ
Ҷ֮кȻһϤеͨʮѨλ󲿷ֻѨпɣ㲻Ѫһţֻ˵㣬֧̫ʱ䣡


1773 ʦ
ʦʦ
ҶԼ߽ͬһ㺰ƺΪóղǸԼʦħ죡
ûҶԹԵĽ˵Ȼһ˿⣬Ȼǿ󣬵ϡе㲻ڵӰӣӦǲڵĺ˰ɣ
ڣ
ôƺڵˣֻʦ죡
ҶֻԼĲѵʦˣ
ʦ𣿡
һΣӦˣһһ˿ȰЦȻңȻ˭
׿ڳϣҶ޷ˣԼʦǱ·ϣȴԼȥѰңôڻԼ֮У
ʱħ𣺡ȻԶǿأҹؼ̫ԳҵĹ㾹ȻЩС޶ֵز
С޶
ҶŬԼҪϵ˫ۣǰȺˣ˿ǿʲô𾪵һȻȫĿɿڴûһԼ
Ҷ֪ղŵһìһͬʱ֮ϾͻȻһɿֲϢЩ˵·һ̣ҶѾҶǻ˸߸ϵһ㣬ֻҪᶯָ׵ĽԼЩ˸ѹ
ԣҶ˫۽գһȴҲ˿ĶֻĿɿڴվԭء
ҶȻˣֽ̧ؿϵǸì˳һӣȻǰˣתɽȥƺ׼Ī硣
ҶһɢǹɿֲϢʱɢҲɲǼعɻĶһ֮󣬲ԼͬҲ̧ŲҶƽ
ҶѾǿ֮ĩȻǲܷŹôõĻᡣ
ȻһҶȴͣת˿Ŀ⣬һɨ˵Ѫһ̰ͼͽܣֶΣҲˣҲøһѵ
ЩҶͣҲͣҶⷬȴӵĪüͷ΢ҶװŪ
˵꣬Ȼֹ֮ɫʹţ㵸ҡȥţ䡱һ徹ȻֱӾը˿ֵǣĽм֮⣬ѪȻ۳һѪֱӿҶڡ
ѪѪ壬ѪΪЩѪƻеôġ
˿̵ҶȫǳһˣΪĲٿȨѾУǱħռݡ
ҶԼһЩǾԼʦħ죬֪ʲôȻ꣬뵽ԼڣӶԼĲٿȨ
ǱôҶ϶ͬ⣬ȻԼʦҶȻûκε飬Ҳȫ֮УֻǴעʦһУͬʱгů
ĻôԼӦûἤ档
ΪģΪʦո˵Ǿ仰Ѫһˣ
֮ǰȻҶѣֵܣȻײһõ˶˵ѪǣѪһȴֻһˣ
꣬Ϊһʮˣ̤֮·쿪ʼͼʱʱ̿ŸΣգһǰֵĴѹв
ˣί۸õİ취Ȼǻʦȣó棬Ҷܣ˶ί裬ֻԼһҧӲ
ˣԼŬĳ·˭ҪɱԼùʹ򣬴򲻹ӣȵպǿȥŬɱ
֪·ߵж࣬ѣ
ֱ֮󣬲תת룬ʵѪһţϵϴԯ콾µҶÿһ˶Ƕһˣ˫翸ʦڻǰ
Ȼ죬ħˣҶʦѪĴʼˣһ仰Ҷôܵίڴ˿ڿԲѹֵк
ħ쾹ȻܹҶĲЦɵӣж᲻ᵯѪһţǸӢۣûаޱӵŶ
һ仰Ҷʱߺǿģʦûޣ
û޾ͺãû޾ͺãúˣ飬Ϊʦˣ
ͬʱȻ𺳵ˣȴҲǻع۸ߺλҪ׽Ҷˣ֪ʲôϽɱʱǷ
ǣȺ˱ȫӿ˳ɱԥӵϡ
ҶһЦ˫ֶȻһѪ֮ˮس˿֮Уɽ֮㲻վȻʼ˲Ĳƣ


1774 
ʱ˿̣Ƭɽ֮мžƺѾǣÿ˵۾ĶҶ
Ȼǲ֪ҶҪʲôǿҶͬˮƶƣ̺Ŵ򣬼ֱ͵Ϊһ壬ǸоһǰĿֲ
ҶҲͬסˣȻʧȥ˶ĿȨǲӰһУ˶Ҫĸӵ
ǰ磬Ǹ߹ϵϦʼѾһ˿˿ƣЩƻԼٶ˷Ӷȥ
ʦҪȫٵ𣿡
ȻҶʵѾΪǿǱ˵磬ֿٳĶ磬Ҳܽ䳹׻
ΪһĶ࣬Ҳι̵ģǴܻĸַ֮
ΪʵǿĴڣԻٵ壬ԻҪ״ݻٷ֮ĿǰΪֹҶǿ϶
Ȼǿٳ̫Сַ֮ι̣ĸȵĻܹһ¡
ĹƬȻʥٳģղҶô֣ȫ֮£δֺ֪ܺҪ뽫ٵǶôֲѵ顣
ȻҶеȴܹħ֪Цŵɵӣ̫ƵΪʦˣΪʦٵĻܹڣֻ״̬ͷųֻȻǿȴҲ޷ҵҲڻ磬ֻڰϱ󣡡
󣡡
Ҷ΢΢һ֮󣬵׹ͿʼˣԴʥ޻˻꣬Ǽ㵽ڶȻδƿ󷨣֪󷨵ǿ󣬲֮£ֻʦˡ
󷨵ȷǿҪԭΪڵĻ˻겢ֻһ֣ʵȴס˻˻ųɵԸЩС޶Ǵ´ˣֵʱˣ
䣡
ħ컰£Ƭɽ֮кȻһըţҶͿһɫĹӰԶٿȻǺȻĪ硣
ͬҶѪ֮һ˿̵Ī磬֮ͬһɫĻ棬ֻ¶ȣȴǱҪֲ֮Բ̱֮յش
ʱ򣬱ըľ޴Ҳڶ˾˹Ҳ֪ΪҶͷųǹΣѾʧΪͻȻĪ磬ȴһһҫ۵ĪȻȥ
꣡
һɵȫһڸոտĪߣ뵽˻𸲸ǵķΧ֮ʱѾһ̡
һ̣ĪμѾȺ֮У֮ϵĻ棬ڴ˿Ҳһֻ޴״ֻϧֻһֻ
ûֵܹĪΧĻ棬߶ҿ˲Ϣ֮䣬е˾ڿʼɢȻҺԿ
ĪȺ֮ԾӰҶ˸пԭԼģڷڱԼ
ħҲٴ𣺡Ҹ˵ڵܿģܹ㲢սܹ㣡ҲǸɵѾͷ
һ̾ϢҶȷпĶʱñΪһΣͲ֪ʱܹӰˡ
ͻȻһըװɽȣž޾𵴡
䡱ڶɽȶʼ˾ҵĻζط֮ɽȵ޾ǵӿ˶޷סԼΣǵڵأǱ˴˲ĪҲֹͣ˹վɽȵ룬֮Ǿ޴ĻӰҲӵ
Ҷ֪һʦѾƿ󷨣
ѯʣʦ𣬲Ƕ˵ǶЩڵصĵԽԽгϢԽԽǵڳˣ
˵֮ҶͿԼת˹ȥɽȵ
ֵ̳ڽɢһ𺳵Ľ˳һϢĳǽɣӣڳǽУһûдŵʯſſԼԼĿֻ֮һеһжЩԼŤ
Ĺ˰ɣ
ҽߵ˶ųǽĹѰҸԵĻԵ㣬ѾͷҲȥɣ
ħѩ裬֣ǳݣСԣڻˣȫʯŵǰСݡ
ףǣ
ħȻСݣ˳𾪵ȴû˵
ţ˾ȻԼһȫ߽ȴ֮УͬĪҲǻһ⣬ԽҶ֮󣬽˴š


1775 ʦֳ
ڱ˵Ľ룬Ҷÿ˶еˣǶĪĽ룬ҶȴȻ޷ƵıˣɱȻħ졣
ʱķ룬ΪպؾۣϧԵϧԵִ֣Ҫĳִն𣿡
ʦһ򵥵ĻҶȻһзľ׽֮ǹɱ˾Ȼ嵭ЩֻʦȻʱ򣬶Լ˵ĻʦԼ˼ͬѵ˵ڴ֮ǰʦʦѾˣ
ҶĥȻħ۵𣺡Ͼٵ磬ͷųҲվ޵ģȻɱڣĻʱȻлԵΪ㻯Σ
һΣΪʦʦӻǰɣ
ɱڣ
ʲôѵ˵Ĺ֮УʬǰЩ֮⣬һΪǿĴ𣿶ڣȻʦ޷ȫɱ
Уʦ˵ҪʦһӻԼʲô˼ѵʦҲĹ֮У
ʱҶѾоԼڻƶţƺ̤һֲֲÿһ̤ȻƾȫҲ޷κƻĵ֮һĽӡ
ڲ
ԽŲ̤󷨣ֲķʽ¶֮˳ĿǰҲ޷
ͬʱЩղűĪסˣٴλػ꣬ȻԾɺͿȴ֪ζֹҶһóƽǿսҶ˹
磬棬УԼɱǵİɱָĹʽǵأ಻ϵӿ˹
ôۼֶƴҽƴԸһ˵ʱ򣬿¾ĸ֣ҲδظӲӡ
ȻħȴǺΪ⣬ڿ㣬Ȼ׵ľͽеĹһһ飬Ƭռݷ˴ʮҹգ̻εţĽŲȴʼնδ˿ĴҺͣͣһĶã
һУȴҶˣΪǵӵʯ֮һˮһĲƵԺһӰı˫˳
һλɫۣͷڽʿȷǷ΢ЦƵ壬ƺһо֮Уƺκܹò
ʿҶİΪڵ֮Уۿ֪Ѫһ֮УӦΪҲһλʦ֡У
ҶѾ׵Ĵסˣʦ֮ԼʦоȻҲˣѵûʼղĹ֮У
ҶĻΪ̫ҪѯʦˣҲţֻλǵ˼µʦ֣ܷ⿪Լеɻ
ǣҶȴʲôʲΪ屻ħƿأǻߣ˼֮⣬ûС
Ȼʦ𣺡ǲǾİʦܣ֪ʵһһִţһķŲ¡
ʦһ̾ϢҶһƬհףȻ䣬ԼΪʲôʦҪԼԣԭΪԼŲ£ҿ¾ΪŲ£ܵĪʹ࣬ŲϣԼĺ󳾡
ʵֹʦ֣Ҷļǵãʦֽڣ˫̺ǣң˵ͬ޷ĶˣȻôܻвڽĵأ
ѪһţÿһִţÿһзŲµǣң˿ҶаģԼȥÿ˵ǣңȥͷÿ˵ִţȥ˹ͬԸ
ʦĻҶҲˣ߳бȻɣȴȷʼһ˿ⲻİˣû˵ЦųĬûгԼûгȺ˿һۣߵԼ֮ͬʦһĬĬĿʼ̤˲ȻҲԲ
⵽Ǹʲô
еӿ֮ҶҲڶʼ˼ǰһУȴԾûʦڿԼ֮˵һ䣬Ϳʼ
ʦֵ֮ѵ뵽˿̤ͬԼ߱ʵֻϸһ룬֪ʦ٣ôԼѵҲʦ
Ҷɻˣϸȥŷʦֵ嶼Ծ
Ҷ֪ôȥָоǾʦֵȷʵʵڵģ״̬ȥֳһõĸоǡ
˰֮Ҷǿҳһ׼ȷĶ壬Ǿǣ̤󷨵ʦУԼ񲢲ͬһռ䣡


1776 ʦıӻ
ҶеɻȻδħ죬ҲʾҶڱô࣬һ֮Ȼд𰸡
˵ʵ˿̵ҶвеʧΪʦľĹ֮УܹۼһλʦֵķɣҲҶοԸϸĶʦֺʦ˵Ĳ
ֻ˵ĲȻ˴˻Ӧָоʮͬһռ䣬ͬһˣȻܹԽʱռ䣬޼ô󣬲ò˵ѾҶܹķ룬ȻҲʶˣԼʦʦǱ໹̫
Щ׼ƴȫҶɱˣȻ֪Ҷħ꣬ȻҲеӰը˹Ҳ޷ȶˡ
Ȼ֮ЩʶеģϾʧʱ䣬ֻܹ꣬վ۷˵ʵϲ̫ʱ䡣
˵ǲҶСӵǿǶеĳ֣ȴǸо˾޴ľ֣к͡ҶȻ̤ô󣬸Ǹеޱȵ𾪣ѾٷκεĹעǲƶǿӰ
ģɽ֮оȻˣ֮ϺȻҲƮ˶ƣ󷨼εԤס
һУڿٳˣʥڵ£ħۺеĲȻܹΪƬ˴ı仯֪󷨵ʲôز
ҶȻҲӵɻΪ֪ʦʦ֮䣬ֿʮԼռõ󷨣ΪǰЩ˵ģҪԸһǿĴڡ
ֱڣȴһӰӶûг֡
ͻȻһоۼѾﵽһޣħۺеĲҲ̤꣬ͿޱߵĴ꿪ʼ£ڴľͷ֮ȴȻ߹žϦ
ǲ
һ˺գֱڴ֮ϣɽȶΪ֮˾ҵ𵴡
ʱڳˣҶ꣬ͻȻ䶼ΪǼͬʱоһǿֲ統С
ʵڳܳܵļޣÿ˵궼ʼ˲ڡ
˲֪ô£ֻҶһǸͷųģ
˵Ҳ֣Ȼ֪ǿĴڳ֣ȻҶ˲ĲڣǴ˿̣ȴõƽЦȻʦʦǵıӻܹԼġ
󷨵չϵҲͬһ㲻ϵķִ磬ֱӹ£Ƭɽȵ˷ȥȻЩǺĿģ޵ķʸ˵Ҳ֣һƬ֮ǹڿ֮У˸еڵĿ־ȴǶʱ˲٣
˿ҶѾǳ𾪣Ѫһŵʵ
Ҷ֪ڵʦֻʦ꣬ʦܷӳҲޣʦҲ²ʦ֡
ˣƾ֮ȻͲóһǿ󷨣ֱ˰
ǱĿɿڴˣҶһҪ쳤Цʹ죡
ҶҲһ뵽ˣʦʦֺó󷨣Ӧþǿ˴֮һٵʽչ˳
٣Ҳ˼Ҷȴ֪Щ߸ϵ񣬶ֽţΪʲôʦʦֲԣ
ҶУԼʦֺʦԲЩҪ
Ѿ۳ɺҶԼ٣Ѿ൱ھˡ
Ҷ֮⣬ɵ֣ͬǵΪǱϵķӣϮ
Ȼ٣ҲǱǣȥЩȴֿܹġ
ÿڱܵĹ̵УʱʱĶҶͶȥŭĿ⣬ȻһжﵽҶͷϡ
ҶÿǣʦʦڣЩ˲һȺС޶ƲʲôˣעιעɽȵܣȴǸǿĴڳ֡
ڣһƬѪɫɽȵĸ֮͸˳Ҷ۾ҲȻɴӦþǸǿĴˣʲôȻӵ˿ֲʵ
಻ϵ磬Ȼֿܹڲų֣
һڶɱһͷײƬ֮У˲䣬ͷ˰صĲҽУ˵ע֮£ͬһ㣬ѸٵĻһ߸ʬֱըصɳӡ
ЩɫѪƺԼһԼٶȳһһ𣬾һμҵķֱ壬ƬѪѾ۳һӰ
ͬʱҶȴǱһ㣬㶵עӰ졭ǣ


1777 ̰֮
˿ҶѪ۳һֻ߳ʮɵѪɫǣȻֻۣȴܸһʵĸоͬһ
Ѫɫɵĸɫëһذһ㣬˸ź⣬ĳΣһɾԶĺıŰ֮֮ɢͬһɽѹ˵ͷÿ˶ִĸо
ʱҶҲˣͷѪ۳ɵĺɫǣȻͺǵȷ߰˷ֵƣԲǺǣǱȺҪǿĶ࣬ҲҪֲĶĴڡ
ͷͷųϢҶҲİ֮ǰոոܹʮĵʮ֮У
Ҷˣԭڵʮ֮УطӡӡľͷǣӦ˵Ǿǵ֪꣬ʲô˳ɵһ˿˻꣬ܵĹ֮У
Ȼʦ˵ǿڣˣңʦԿԽʱյķʽֲµ󷨣ҲΪס
ʲôȻֵʦʦ˴£
ͷǵĳ֣ҶеȻվıֱ֮⣬ˣѾȫ͵ڵأһڵĵۼ־Ǳ˴׸һ㣬ŵûɪɪ
ʱͷͻȻתͷҶһۣ˫ȫĻɵ۾֮У˸ŵɱѪȣһۣȴҶٴξгǣ𣿡
Ϊ屻ħռݣҶʱԻܲĳȥΪղžǿһۣо˺ǵĴڡ
Ǻǣ̰ǣ̰֮꣡
ȻħٴҶ
̰ǣҶȵĵ̰ǲǱеһ𣿡
ǳ̰֮ɱɱ֮ɱԽ䳹׷ӡ֪Ϊʲôܹӳ𣿡
Ȼʦ˵ǺǣҶгʧܾøղ̰֮Ǹ֮УԼޱϤĺǵĸо
֪
Ϊǣ
ħڶĸ֮󣬾͸ɴıͣ˫ָ˫ĿƵĶſ磬ϵ̰֮ϡ
Ҷ˿ȴʲôоˣвϵĻĸ֡Ϊǡ
ΪʲôΪǣֲ̰ܹ֮ӳطӡأ
˼֮£ҶжȻէ֣˰Ϊǳ֮˵Ļоڵ˿ټԼͰ˸׳죬ȴȻδ֣ǵʧһ㡣
ѵ˵ںһ̣꣬ͱͷ̰Ǹקˣ˵˵ʮۣӶƵѪ֮Ƶķӡ̰֮ͷ˳
仰˵ںǵ꣬ʵϾ̰֮֮У
뵽ҶȻ̧ͷ
˿̣ڽٵ֮£ͷ̰֮޷ٶȶ죬δڵ
̶Ƭ̵ʱ䣬ǧݺݵӴ֮ϣȫѾð̣ղŸͬʵʻڵ壬ѾЩ̵ҲСʮ߱ߣǸֱ̬˺ǣ
̰֮֮꣬вϵķĺ֮֮мзŭҲΣÿһ˻ͬشһ㣬ôҶϡ
ڣҶ̲סˣʦܲͣ¹ڣˣҲʦͣ°ɣ
ʱһص׼׼̰֮ü֮Уһ֮󣬶ʱը˿»һ˿˿ѪƬɽ֮С
ҶʱѾᵽɤۣ㶼״̬ȥˣȻЩѪȴȻһ£ֱȫһٴλһͷСĺǣſڵϣһ
֮ϣǾۼһĲƣһͬһĺܿɢգǾϦٴβɽȡ
ֻΪ಻ϵ磬ԭͬԴһɽȱȫƻƽĴأ׵Ű˴ķأȥĿ꣬ͬһ˿ڡ
̰֮Сһ֮⣬ȻûҲһֱð̣˿ȫڵأʧȥһע̰֮Ҷһ
ͨ
ͻȻʼվҶԣͬһУʱͻȻҶڵķĿһͷ̧ͷʱȻԾɴŷ絭飬ȴЦдᣬ촽סţƺҪ˵Щʲôȴֻǻ֡ʦ


1778 ޻
ͻȻľٶҶסԭ֪ʦռԼ壿ѵԼҲһ磿ΪʲôӳڣʼղԼֱʱŹʦ
ȻվҶСʦܣܿңǾ˵ˣȻʱѾˣʦӦøƽ£ѪһŲսѾʵ֣Сʦܣ֪϶кܶҪңҲûа취һһ⣬йֻܸһ仰·ȻԼȥߣʦģǾܵİɨƽ·ϵϰ
úûţ÷žͷţ
˵֮г̾һٴα˫֣ȹӵʯȥУαʧ
ҶȻٴסҪ׷ǰȥʸף岻ԼС
ѪһŸǸӢۣħ췢һпȻҶ𰸾ĹУȥɣ
һ̣ҶܹоԼڣĳֶ˳ȥܹԼˡ
ôƵߵħ뿪ԵѤúܶ࣬Ҷ壬Ȼ˶ĿһɫҶü֮֮Ҳһɫѷ죬ͻһ⣬ɫѷ֮С
ţɫѷҲʧ
Ҷ֪ʦѾ뿪ˣоһ־޴ʧ䣡
ʦ֣һֱΪֹһУҶ׹ȫ⵽ô¡
Ȼ»˶ĿƣҶԾͬľͷһԭأ˼һεԭ򣬲Ȼ˼ά޷Щ飬ֻܽԺ΢һԥȻſڵϵ̰֮˹ȥ
վס
һͻȻԶҶ̧ͷȥɣϹɷɱ֣ѾȫվָԼ
ȻȻղŵһͬ嵽Щˣкħ۵ʧǵҲ𽥹λ˵ҶıغĹеı֮⣬ͷſڵϵ̰֮꣬Ҳ޼֮
Ҷ׼̰֮ȥȻֹ
Ҷװ˰Ū˰ڸʲôãѾҪˣ㻹ʲôºǶ
˳Ҷ̲סеЦҶԲԼڷԼʲôŭԹһ˹Լ
˵ĵʵȻĹĶʮ֣ѾȻʮ֮࣬ҪԸҶĻʵ̫ˡ
οͷ֪̰֮꣡
ҶеɻΪʲôʦʦ־ô뿪ˣѵԼǰһ鷳
ôҶ֪Լ־ܣʦʦֵ뿪ȻǵĵôԼ취Щ˰ɣ
Ҷˣ̰֮ߣԥһ£Ļǣ֪϶ûҵ𣿡
̰֮һҶŵֿһЩ̰֮ǰǰһԴǡ
໣
ͻȻһǺ̰ǵĿдţҶֻܿѪһԼƾȻѾ̰صҧסˣ
״̬̰ǣһȥȻҶǿޱȵֱӶ͸ҶѪ䣬ҶĸоԼǺֽѾҧ˷飬׶ĵʹȴҧסˡ
Ҷñ䣬ûнֳأע̰֮ѺǷˣȻĻһ㳹ɢ
̰ǵһ˿ϷʣȻûнҶвǳ֮ɱǣôܱһвأ
ʵ˵Ҷܲɱ̰֮꣬ܵĻҲ֣Ϊ̰֮вкǵ꣬Ҳһ˿˻ꡣ
̰ȴЩԴһ˦Ȼ׼Ҷ˺˵
ȻʱһĺͻȻ
ţһ쫷棬Ҷվȣһ֮£
˭ĺΪʲôһ˿Ϥ
ͻȻɽȷ뻮һľ֮
Ҷŵɻ̧ͷȻҲסˡ
յ˷Ȼһ˶ޱȵӰ
һͷͻޣղǵ
һͷͬһޣǳ졪ӽͼ
ϱһͷޣ׸߰û֫ţ
һͷͷʨͷ˫ǵޡӱˮ
УһΰİɫֻྐྵȻһͬһĳ򡪡ϵʥޣֻڵӦóΪҪӺʣ
޻֣


1779 Ϊ˺
һɲãϢ˲ϯɽȣһֹ̣̰֮꣬Ҷڵ֮ҲǷƺʮϢ
ҶȻףĹȻѾ򿪣ôɲãϢ϶ȥ˶ʥϢɢ˳Щ࣬޻˵һּĲƷ
ˣҶܿ޻꣬˵̬꣬졣
ͬͻһſڵϣʱʱ׵ľ޴ͷԼ촽˫ǵ˫ȴĶ·̰֮ꡣ
ţͬһ㣬һʵͬīŲͣ¶˫Įע̰֮ꡣ
ͼͬߴ͵ȻѹϾȻ΢е㺦ߣƺۿ̰֮꣬ʵϣ۽ǵȴǲϵ̰֮ϻ
ӱˮΪ֮࣬У˫ֱֱĵ̰֮֮꣬ɢΣյϢ
ǼΪŵģһɫͬѩһ˸ҫ۵Ĺ˫覵۾Ȼ˿˿Ȼĸ·̰֮ꡣ
ɲã֮£꣬ȻȫԼǿ۷״̬֣ǳֵĿģȻΪ̰֮꣡
һ̣ҶǻȻ򣬹ֲʦ˵ˣȻɱ̰֮꣬ʦûĻȻлԵ֣ԼΣ
Ȼǰ죬˳ǵĪʧӦΪڸԵ֮걻ϢһĹ֮УʱԼҲҪ룬Ϊ˱Ī磬Լǿз
ʦֱ֣ӽƿĹڣҽ˶ĹѰҸԵĻԵ
ʵ˵ˣʦ֪ƾʦеֲҲɱֻ̰֮꣬ø޻֣ǵԸ̰֮ꡣ
ĿǰѾɺϻ˳֮⣬ӵбϵʥ۾ѩӦҲѰĻԵ޽˺ϻ꣬Ӷڵİɫ
һֻֻݵ޻꣬Լŵ㲻ʺ˷ܵĺУҶ̲סʼЩ޻Ǹʱض£ޱȵ磡
𣡡
ٴηһУԱߵӺҲ̷Ӧ֮
̰֮ƺҲоΣ֪ѾɿԼͣǳԵ֮һ˿
ɵһƨ˵ϣȻǲ֪Щ޻ǴðģǿǵӾףЩ޻ǺҶվһģ޻ǿ󣬸ǽѹȵģʲôıƣʲô㣬Щǰȫֽͬһ˺Ƭ
ߣ
ܴŵ㲻ʣ뿪ҲȷЩõѡ
ǵĶǼΪСģ»Ҷ޻ע⣬ӶǷ𹥻ȻǶˣΪʼգҶ޻꣬ȴǸûۿһۡ
ҶȻǵжҲȷҪ޻꽫һٻɱǷˣΪиҪȥպڷսУһܹټǣʱȥ˽γްɣ
Ĺɣｻˣ
Ȼ˳ҶУ̧ͷҶ˵ͷȻ˳Ժϻ״̬֪ͨ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷ̰֮кǵ꣬ȱٵһ˿˻ꡣ
ģǶ֪ˣʱֻΪϣ
ģ
Ҷ۾Ȼһ
Ĺ֪һЩ£ʵһжǰŵģ̰֮ߺͺǵǰôĿģΪúܹ̰֮кϻܷ꣬ɹǰҲ޷֪ԲŻذš
ڣǻϣס̰֮꣬Ƿ̰֮ɣôǾҪϧһдɱ̰֮꣬β뿪ĹȻĻΪɱǵ̰ǽضҪƽ٣
Ҷ˫΢΢¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫʦֲóô࣬Ϊ˺ǣΪʲô
ɲҶģΪȷе㲻ѪһŵˣֻԼֵܣΪʲôʦҪ˰أ
ֻһĿģҳɰδ֪ǰôŵԭҲ֪ҲĹͻᷢˡ
ҶƬ̣ͷ̰֮ǣ϶ܹ̰֮ϻ꣬ҵ㣡


1780 ĳ
ҶվȹӵʯȥȻĽŲȣȴǶеȲΪ̫ϣ
оһֱʧʦУԼ˻ϻӣȻʦ˵ģĹ֮ԼѰҵĴ𰸣
ҶӰʧʯ֮У޴İɫȻһ̾Ϣѩ׼ʲôʱҶࣿ
ĬƬ̺Ŀ̰֮ϵʵ̫أҲ̫̣Ҳ˵Ҷ֪òϣǳɹҲʧˣãʧˣҲܹѹɹˣպֱؽһսɣ
˳벻Լһ쾹Ȼ˵⡱Ļ
ص̾˿ҡҡͷֻ޻ҲǽıͣƬɽ֮»ָƽȻѾĿ꣬㲻ϦȴǽԼĹâ䵽̰֮ϡ

嫵֮УһӰٴιǳ֮ϣĵˣսѾĹ֮еҲѾȫ뿪ֻʣҶԾС
ǸϢҪҶ㣡
ӰԥһµˣͬǰҶ뿪֮ʱĹӦþͻʧ٣Ϊƴڣܣ޷ٵĹǰʲôط
꣬ˣǸС㶼޷㵽ı𣿶ҲܹҵЩ˿Ͼ֮ӣΨһˣˣս𣿡
Ѿ룡
ҿ
ǿ֮ϣȻһ棬֮УһһϮɫ̽۵ӣԱĿһƬ֮أ뵣ͷ֮ϸһֻ˶ڹ꣬걳֮ϣȻѹһʯͷ
ҶܹĻôֻ˶ڹҶԲİ
ֻ˶ڹ꣬ڹ꣬ǵȸ½ĵ֮УɱҶӰ£
Ǹǵʮ֮еعع㣡
ʱҶΪ˾Ȼرʮ°ߵˣ˾ڶŵİߣźӱˮԼ£죬ͬʱߵģع㣬Ϊ˵ĺˣʱ޿̶Ż졣
ȻҶ֪ĴڣǲûмȻӲ뵽ع㣬Ϊһı
еƣӰӦúӱˮͬһˣĺƽ֮УҲᱻֱʮ֮С
Ϊعĳ֣еļƻ
عͨʹ֮󣬺Ӱ´һ𣬶ۿʼɱ޹ʱû˰µڣڻԵɺ֮£˰µꡣ
ǳ֮ϵӰڽعĻչֳ֮ͻȻоһɾ޴ѹȻһ̹˵ϣɪɪĵ
˿̣ǰȻһӰ
ҲеηԭΪô꣬ûм˵ΣһĻǱ֣֮Դ˿̴˾ȻΪǴҪɱԼ
Ȼûе֣֮˴˳ЦСһȻǱӰ֮꣬һ֮ᣬû뵽ǣȻŭ֮࣡
ԭΪعڲ֮ͬԲŻԵ˵ļȻϧӺڰ֮
̱βܵκ˺ߣպҲΪƺҶĹؼ

ȵӰ˳ȥ֮ӰַһЦ벻ɣȻҵҶôһˣǴңȻҷСһŭ֮֮࣬꣬ټ֮ѪСһҪҶҵҪ㵽׻εŭ

ҶѾ뵽ʯ֮УȻһڣһ⣬һ룬ҶȴԵĸоǴԽһʲôһ㣬һ˲̬ͬŲɣ
н𣿡Ҷüë
νн磬ڿٳĶ֮Упٳһ磬ҶʦΪҲ޷
ΪĹɽԾһ磬ȴţǰľ˾޴ı仯û˿ϵֻǽн磬ʥ޵еĴڣȻܹٳн
ӳľһƬдеɭ֣ԶһƬΡɽ֮㣬ÿܵγˮ
Ҷе𾪵ǣɭֵƬɽ֮ϾȻĻнĺۼҲͱʾ˾ס


1781 ֮
ʥȻҶûĽӴ߼Ҳ֪ô߰ĴڣôܻữΪΣסĽУЩ࣬һͷԲҪôཨҲ˵Ĺ֮УӦ
ҲǾĹסĵط
Ҷðһͷڻ᲻Ȼס
Ϊ˽֮⣬һжôïӣԶĵط޺Ҳһʱζ˷·ǻصʱ
ȻЩҶӼţ϶Ϊڶ
ҶһгʱȻһˮȻͺȻһƺʲôպˡ
ҶͷһǵӲɣʯǽԼʯѾȫˣΧȫȻֵӡ
Ҷе㵣ģ֪˽Ĺ֮ʯŶرգʯĹرˣǰߵĻȻ£ǺߵĻ滹޻꣬Լ̰֮ûн롣
ҶҲû˼ȥЩˣȻѾĹ֮УԼҪѰҵĴ𰸣һ֮ɭֵȥ
ɭ֮ʮƽԭҶΪһ»أķĹȻǶˡ
ҶеɻģҲûпǣȻ˳ӦԺϻ״̬ȥס̰֮꣬ȴȻڹĹ֮УƬɭ֮ȴûǵӰ
˰֮ҶķһЩޣÿһֶġ
ȻЩޣҶη壬еĸܵҶߣǵҶɨЩڵʱȴ˿ĭ
ΪЩڵʵǿ˼£ҶʵҲκһĶ֡
ӣĹ֮Уȷһн磬һУֲﻹ࣬ȫĳѹƣǵʵǿˣȴ޷֮·
ҶһһСĵĴЩ޵ƹ⾪ŵǣһǵǶԼȺ֮ôԼԻ֮ء
Ҷߵһ֮µʱ򣬺ȻסˣΪϣһ·һδ·
ҲǵƣǶ֪ƵҶ˵·еĴ·嶼
ΪȻˣӦʥһ··ֽĴͬҲ˵ͬһλߣ
е֣ϸһףʥΪ޵еĴڣҲ仰еţϾûۼʥսһľ󣬲ȻʥΨһĴڣܹ׿ٽнľأôܹҲʲô֮¡
ȻʥĴ֮·ʧˣȻĻ죬е綼ѭĵ
ҶԼҲͬڴܵʵƣ̲˳ôܹĵڻ㵽ԼĵУǼ޺飬ɹĻҶ츲صı仯ǿɲǵʵҪǾߡ
⣬ɹҶ˵ܻһ޴ջ
ڸոսɽȵʱ˳˵һ仰ܹ߾ͺˣʱֻһЦ̸
ڣҶȴΪЦ̸
Ĺ֮еһУѭĵڣδ͵ĵѾܻ˸ֵķЩ֮£˻סֲͶ޷
ԼܹĵôпĽĹΪУĻĪͲ뿪Լ
ͷ֮£Ҷʱ׿һУֱĶǰ·ʼ
Ȼֻһ򵥵ͼСֻһ㣬ǵҶ֮ȴǸоԼһƬ嫵أУԼֱͬһŻҳһ㣬ۡ
ǣڲ֪ȥ˶õʱ֮ҶգգԼеɬ۾ҡҡͷԣ·Ӧûи·ҼȻǴȻֻеһ·ˣȻĹʥʬҲʬ帽ܹĵơ
Ҷ˷ܵȭͷ׼ȥѰʬ壬Ȼת֮ȴȻס
ΪǰȻվһȺˣ
Ⱥ˵жʮң߰ݶУÿɫ϶һߣһԲͬһ;վʮֵĹ졣


1782 Ĺ
Ҷ֪ȻԼ֮ƵʱֵģԼδܷ֡
ȺˣҶ뵽ĸֽӦǾЩе˰ɡ
Ҷ׼ͬǴкʱȺȴ߳һˣڣһϵ󵨣Ȼʥ֮壡
Ҷ΢΢һ㶣ˣղԼ˵Ҫȥʬ϶ˣǲᣬΪԼʬ⡣
λˣҶԲҪʥ֮壬ֻǷʦ֮ǰĹ̽ѰһЩĴ𰸶ѡ
ߣһߵ˷ߣһָҶ࣬ǽթ˺ǣͳղŵĻɣڸߣԺĻΧڲóƬˡ
ࣿҶ߶ĸ֣ǰЩˣ뵽ѵǲ
ߣ
Ǹ߸˶ҶƺΪ˵֮󣬻߳һ£֮󣬾ȻҶһ
ҶĻҲˣԼʲôûֻ˵˼仰ѣǾͽԼ˳һ㣬浱Լ۸
ҶһҲأ
ȻǸ߸ӵǾʹȣȻϹȥ
ԣ
߸ҲֱӣҶĻ̾˹̧ݺݵҶȣȻ뽫Ҷȸ߶ϡ
Ҷܣ͸˫ȣﬡһ죬˵ȺݺݵײһС
߸ĺˣҶȴҶû¹κˡ
ȻҶǿҲø߸ӳһֽһ׼ʱΪ֮һˣ
࣬ȻӦ֪ʲôطܹﳤס˵Ի󲻵ĺôĹһȻж̫ĻҲʥ˵ͷ㡣
Ĺһ壡
ҶһĪĹˣôðĹһ壿ȻǴڣΪʲôҪĪ
ȳϣҵɷ򣡡
ʱĪȻ𣬶ҶæѭȥȻĪԶҴҸֱվҶǰǼڱ
ҶȻһЦԼʲôʱҪԼˣһѾĪߣȻǣֵ磬û°ɣôʶǣ
ĪЦҡҡͷû£㣬ôᵽˣ
ʲô˼
ĪشȺ֮ȴѾһ󾪺Ϊ֮˸˺ҶҾղŶð֮ˡ
Ҷһͷˮİ˰ֵûû£Ҳв֮
Ϊֱ֮ӣֶĪ繧ĵˣȸˣסŰɣ
ˣ
Ҷʵ̲סˣôĪֳȺĹһˣ
Ī粢ûлشǳ˵ҵɷ򣬶ңҲλǰͽܣҶܣ㽫Ѫ֮չһ¡
ĪеλǰҶȻָ֪Լʦħ죬ƺԼݣĹһ˵ű壬ȻԺҶչֳѪ֮ơ
Ѫ֮ƣȺ˾ȻˢˢĹҶǰ
⣬ȱ磬⵽ô£
ĪЦеҶĸ첲ﲻ̸֮أߣҴȥһط
ҶϡͿĪԼƬɭ֣Ҿһ֮һľԺ֮УȺҲһֱǵ󣬴粽롣
ȵ˷ֱ֮ĪҶйĹһ
ĹʵһֻʥĹÿһֻĹޡ
ΨһĴڣҲ˵ֻһֻֻ֮󣬲пܳµ
˶ֻһֻٳ˭Ѿ޴ӵ֪Ĺһ壬ǵںʱ򣬱һֻӴ֮һһ
Ĺǲ׼κģǾֻĹδ֮ʱﾹȻһλ࣡
λĵĹһ嶼е𾪣ҲٴУλಢûж⣬ںսһ֮󣬾ȻϧΪѣΪĿˣҾ˵ҲĹһİӶΪ˶ˡ
λסǶʱ䣬۵ҲΪĽ飬Ĺ׼
ʥĹһȻѭ
˵Ī˸ӵҶܣ²¿λ˭
ҶݸһЦǻ˭ղ㶼˵ˣλǰͽܣȻҵʦħ졣
ȻҶµʱȳͻȻվˣðĴһ£λ࣬֡

Ҷµʲô֣
ȳ̧ͷҶһ۲ŵ棡


1783 ֮
棡
Ѫ۶棡
ĪҲסˣȻΪݵ⣬֪Ĺʷǲ֪λʵֻԼ²ħ죬û뵽Ȼǡ
ʱҶѾȻվһȳϵǰλΪѵ࣬ж棿ħ죿
ȳϿ϶ĵͷǰʥѣ֣ǵʷ֮϶мأҾԲǴңĺҲ
ĺˣ˭
죡
죬ȷѪۺˣʵϣҲħ죡
Ҷ˫һƬãȻиҳ˽ԭԼʦ֮⣬ҵʼ涫澹ȻҲ
ΪʲôҪĹУղʦô£ʦֵĳô£
뵽Ҷ̧ͷĪ磬￴ҵʦУ
ĪһҡҡͷûаˣҶ֪ȻҲȥˣûʦ֡
ֵҶˣԼʦֽʯţȴûоĵ
ȳϽӹͷǰҲҲǶǰͽܣһλܣȻʵλǰ㣬˵ݣǵġ
ĹҶ⣬ûǲء
ҶҵĻ˻ֵ磬˵ɣ
Īȴȳϵȳϣ˵ɡ
ȳҲƴǣĪĻ˵
ΪĽ飬Ĺ½Ľ룬࣬Ҳ壬ֻʱܳĪƲ⣬Ӧÿ˽룬Ĺ֮ʱ
Щ˶ЩʲôˣǾͲö֪ˣǽˣҲعأΪЩĹһܹ֮˶Ͷ֮⣬ûκܹ
Щסһʱ֮Ҳ뿪뿪ķʽĹһҲֻ֪֪ǽ뵽֮أҲʬķĹУȻҲûгֹ
ĹһĴֱеĳ֡
еݺʵȻܿӮĹһأҲĹһһϢ
ǾǶĹĴڣʬ壬ѾΪĶֻλǰĹ֮ⲼֽƣʼձĹܱĹ˷ֻߴ롣
뿪Ĺ֮ҲЩʩĹıʱ䲻̫ã󣬽һλ߻˻֮ǰĹǸ˽ΪĹֻܹ֮ػסĹ
˵ȳϾʹסˣҶĪҲͷӣʵһ仰ͿԸ
Ѫ۶濪ʼһֱڣ˵ѪҲã˵ѪһҲգ뷽跨ıĹ
õĴʩʮ󣬶еӱҶǺϻֻ֮кͻ˻ϻĪܹĹҲΪʲôĪҪĹڵԭ
Ҷ֮󣬲Žʵ磬ղ֣ΪʲôǸط
ΪĹֻҪ꣬Я꣬ǺӺϻģڽ˲䱻͵ĳضĵط֮У֮⣬ȫ͵˲ͬĵط
ĪеǣȻָľҶһ˳ˡ
Ҷ룬ȷӺϻ˳ǣ磬ǳݣҹڶ̫֮Ӱ
ԼûбͣΪɽеʱˣԼǹص
԰СݼȲ꣬ҲûЯ꣬أ
ĪЦŵСݣȻֱӱĹС
ʲôϽȥ
ҶʱˣȻʬĹУκ˵һϵҫСݲһĺӣһܵĹдţǻˡ
ȻĪȴҡҡͷУ֮Ҫȵ֮ܿκҲ룬ģСݿ϶µģΪҺͻ˻ϻܾ֮Сݵϣ쳣ǿϢ˻궼еη塣
ˣǿǺʥͬĴڣȻĪϵĻ˻겢ܹеη壬֪ǹϢǿ󵽺ֵز
ֻҶȴûиܹϢҲϢֻǿһ̶ȵܸܵĵ
ҶǰʦڿСʱľףԼԼСĲ룬ʱϲκκۼĺӣ᲻ڲ·еǸ߼硪ɽ磿
ˣҶܣ֪ղȥʲôط𣿡
ĪĻҶ˼·ҡҡͷ֪ӦĹеĽذɣ
࣬ҲǿٳĹ֮أ
ȳֽһ֮أʥ֮⣬ֻλǰǰȥΪˣһǲ֪ҶҲ
֮أ
ҶжȻһ磬ԼԲµʦʦֶҪԼǰĹĿˣ


1784 յѡ
֮ǰ˳ƶϣпǴ·ߵǸŵĹؼ֮֮£Ҷܹ²ĳʦǶĹ˹еĿģȻΪϣܹ֮߸һ˵ԼΪǸˣ
ĪΪĹˣΪĹ֮õĹһͬȻҶĹеĵλҲǷͬѰĪĻ˻ĹҲԱ֤Ĺİȫ
ôٽҶԼֵ֮أ֮ȻʦʦǿϣԼܹ֮ڻͨӶΪԼĵԼɹĿԴӣһܽĹΪС
еĺôʵǶൽ޷ݣ
ЩҶǸпĪԼʦʦǣʮʱ䣬޴ľ֣ԼҲĪĳؼһ
ֻҶһ벻ͨǾǼȻҪ֮ȫܸºڵӳ֮꣬Ҳһ°
Ȼʦֲó˰ڵۣȴûаµ꣬Ҳûᵽйذµ飬ѵ˵ʦ©˰µĴڣ
ⲻܣ
Ҷ뷨ųˣʦǺҲŲߣҪ飬©㡣
ҶҲ֪ʦֵ㣬Ҳȷ㲻飬ģĿǰȻɽ̰֮֮ꡣ
Ҷھͽ֮أҲҵĴ𰸣Īȳ϶һټ֣֮صĿҲҪôǲֻ֪֮ǿʱ䡣
ɽеΣ޷֪ˣҲҶʵϣֻҪһǸʯţôͲ뿪Ϊ뿪İ취ֻһǴ֮뿪
ʵϣѹ̰֮꣬ͬҶԼӣ״̬˳ǵҲ֮УǸԵĹ֮С
ȻˣҶֻܵȴȻûţĪ£ȥ˿Լͬǡ
˳֮⣬ǳݣСԶ˸ԵĻԵǲǽкϻ꣬ǽ뵽ĳЩĵطҲңԶĹȥĹ֮еЩٵסĵط
Ҷее⣬ĪЦŽ͵˵ʥȻѾ޵еĴڣܹ࣬ԶҲչˣݽĹ״ԶĽ͵ʵĵطʵ
Ҷ˵ͷһһˣȷǶƽ֮ȥա
ҶΪջеʧ䣬ϾֻһûлκεĻԵȻû뵽֮Ϊ˷ܵһ
ڼҶʱ˷֮¶һ˿εи뷨
ʲô뷨
֪յʵ֮ҶȻҲûκεĸҡ
ɫ
ҶΪʲô
˵˷ֱ۵Ϊ﷢µĺۼû뵽ԴоȻҲ˽뵽һΪǶˣʵȴǽѹشӹǴÿһʱ䣬һʧԭô£
Դ˵൱ÿһĺģҪȻ޿ɱ⣬е˿ڻᱣŹ̶һˣյĻǵĴУÿ൱һʱ䣬ʮʧȻӦ˵ЩʧˣǽĹ
ʵҲ󣬱ϾĹͰԴ嶼λڱɽУȻ֮ǰպ趼˴δĹȻ
ҪµԭΪЩİԴµһЩ´Դ塣
յѡҶȻȫ֧֣յļãԼأǿ϶ټģ
ͷȻѾӺϻ꣬ôȻߣϣܱҵð
һ仰ҶĪ綼΢΢ס´˺üۣʵе޷ܣ˾Ȼá
ҶȻҲǸ˳ŵԻȫԸİȫնʱǷ£ҶĪ˻֣ԹԵʧ˵ߵС
ĪЦŵ»вѡĹ֮УȺǵ飬Ҳ̫įˡ
仰ҶѵõûǰֱˣΪʦʦֵĳ֣뷨һ˿ת䣬ҪǣԼҲҪں֮ӶƿĹ


1785 
ȻϣҶȴҲʱ͸Ī磬Ͼ֮ȫ˽⣬ȻҲҿ϶ܷ뿪Ĺ֮ǰڻ֮
ԼЩ֮ͬ⣬ҶҲûзѰʦ֣ȻĪһٿ϶ûвеĽ룬ҶۿʦʯţԲĵĽĹתһ飬Ȼһ
֮أ˵ʵڿ֮صһ̣Ǵʧ
ɽȣĹһס磬ԴݣôΪʬ֮أҶУضƻֺģ֮ڣȴǰһĲ£ƵЩĵط֮أ
ȷе˵ֻһƬһ쳣СɽµĻĵأǸСɽµɽ£һʯţʯûκεװκ͵̣̦ĺۼһЩֲʯŵϷĸɷ·˵е֣˼Ȼ֮ء
Ȼ֮شϿȷʮֲۣûݣվǧ֮⣬ƬأȻҶоһɱ׳ͲϢĹƣҪ֮صĻ˵ԼˣԼͬ²޹ȫû
ÿ£
ĪͳһĲҶͷ֮ĺ飬ЦŵȻˣϾ޵еĴڣȻѾڣ̴棬Ȼô׵ĽУǻۣ϶뵽ͼıԼʬ塣
ҶĪԶ֮أҪ򿪣Ҳһʱ
磬ڸоôĸоϾ˻껹ȱһ˿
ģҸоܺãȻȱһ˿ܸӦĵ˿˻Ȼ̰֮УȻ̰֮ǿ󣬶ʱҪɵ˻꣬Ҳǲܵ£Ͼ˻Ǵ˵кͬĴڡ
ҶЦŵ˵ͷ΢΢ĵͬʱҲһ˿пǰǰʲôˣǶǵɴ˵û뵽ڣǾȻǼĽӴˣϰ
ʱ䣬ҶȻ¿ȻҲܾôװ˷ѣһȳϵͬ£֮ء
ڣҶҲ֪Ⱥ˵˵ܿɱǶϺʣµĺӣ
ϺĲȻȳϾͷϴҶĸ߸ǰ߰ˣΪڲͬʱͱ֮УůѵԣǶżޡ
ҲΪˣŻᱻͬ飬Ĺ֮УΪĹһ壬ô˵һ൱Ĺˡ
ҶĹһ˺֮䶼Ķթοǰ˰ˣ࣬ı뷨ͬǿʳһǵ˲Ƶ׼
ֻϧЩ飬Ҷܹıģֻѡ񱣳ֳĬ
ʱ䣬Ҷ;ÿм·Ĵ֮£Լ˼꣬Ƭޱ޼ʵĺ֮С
ҶʱɽеҲһְȻĵز̰֮귢˷̰֮꿪ʼɣ
޻Ȼ֪ɣӦþǺǵķֻɿ̫̺Ϳֲ
ֻ̰֮ǸԴںǺ̰ǵò֮䲻ϱ任һóɺӵʱͻԥĺݺһҧԼ塣
õģǱҧеʱȴȻܹݳһֹ˺ѵʵĸоܵ޻꿴Ķ
ǳ֮γɵ̰Ǻħ޼Ѫĺǣּƣֲͬ꣬һУչ˼ҵɱ
ڣڵʱ򣬰һǺֻʣ°ò̰֮꣬Ȼվ
սһѪȿϢ˲ɽȣ޻꣬ʱٴһ㣬ʱ׼ӭУΪҲ֪վ̰֮꣬ĸ꣡
𣡡
һ̰֮ǰ֮УȻͬһ˿״Щڷɿƶϣ˵ĸо֯һһ㣬ֻ޻ע֮£Щ˿״ﾹȻۿɼٶȣ۳Ѫ
ӱˮҲǾ궸Ȼ˿⣬֮
ʿһľ磬겻𣬾ͲûˣôͱҪ취һµ֮ϣķһµ塣
ֻﵽ൱ߵľ֮󣬲ؼΪԼܳһȫµ壡Ҷ⣬ѪҲжһѪȻҲǼΪǿԲ֮Ƽ
ͷ̰֮飡


1786 ̰֮ս
㵹˵˵Ǻǻ̰ǣ̰ǵĻھӦóˣȻȵ֮ǿ¾ͲĶˣ
żĴߴ˳Ȼʱ˳ѾǵĹǡ
Ȼ˳ҲԥΪͬ޷ֱ·ǸѾ˺֫԰Ĺ״̬ŵǣ̰ǣǺǡ
֮£˳ֱֻӵķѯʣǣ𣿡
ͷǸ˳Ѫ˫ûпеֻ޻꣬ȫ塣
ھͺˣ˳ҧгݵĵ
ȻͺǵĹϵҲУֻҶͺ֮ӦһϵϾҶĻ֮ģҶĲǷǺǡ
ҶȻ֣ܳۿͷǲѾӵʵ°õϰҲʼ̳Ѫ⣬ٵȥһ̰ǵĻǺĲˡ
˳Ҳٵȥˣŵҵĺ֮ó򵥵󷨣Ƚס˵̰ǵĻʱҲƾ֮ǶԸ
ǣ˳ָ֮£ֻ޻̿ʼж
Ȼ״̬ϾӺ֮꣬ͷų൱˵ģɫĹӿ£ϳһǵ״ǻ룬֮ٴһͬһǻͷ֮ϣǳ׵Ľסˡ
𣡡
ͻȻǻ귢һŭ𣬶ٶȶȻӿ죬˲Ϣ֮䣬ϰͬԴڣȻȫʵ
໣
һЪ˹ȴһʹ캿֮
е޻֮·ţǴһ㣬˲˿֮ƬܵĹ̼Ҳһ
һͷѪɫľǶȻӹ֮
ͷǣͨѪɫ˫ĿǳһƬһ˿һһɨе޻꣬ͬʱɺͷԼ촽
켤Ľе̰ǣ̰ǣ˵֮У̰ǵ˫ۣľѪԹɵģӣҲѪԹͶɵġɱǽ٣ѣɱһҪɱ
ʵþ˵Ϊʿ̰ǵĴ˵ٶ˵һЩֻǴ˵ϾǴ˵һֱ洫˵еĴʱ֮ҪܵѹҲľ޴
˶Ѱˣǰûĵľ죬˲֮Ҳӵޱȵţ˿̰̾ǣҲû˿η塣
ʧ𣿡
ѩʶǣʶҶҪ磬ĿҲʼսǵֳһֱ˿̣Ȼһ˿ϣ
˳Ĭע·ǸͬעԼ˵ѪɫǣƬ֮ڵͷĿǰӦ̰ɣϾǺǵĻԲǵģ׼ðɣΣĹ뿪
£˳һȥĥ̴СĻצƿ֮ݺݵץ̰ǵԴԱ߾Ǵһţ׷ӿУˣ̰ǳ˹ȥ
ǬҲͬʱֻ֣ѩȻڿδ覵֮ϵҲӿֳһɫı˪ͷ֮ϣȻֳһǾ޴ͺòСӣ֮ģǳ
ޣսǿǿԻþóģټѩԾɴһ˿ϣҪԻþס̰ǣܷ֮ҵǵӰӡ
Ϊ̰ǵǿԼѩ費۾һҪ˳ǹ̰֮ʱϾ֮ʣٳԽþ
ԳĴӣ̰Ǻη壬˸ѪĹʣǿŭţһǺȻԾ𣬸߸צ׼˳
˿̣צѾʮңϦ֮£ɢɭɭ⣬˳ĶڿЩʱҲ˵ɵ
Ͼ˳óıԣּͬⲫĽսû˿ƣο״̬Һ̰ӲӲֻ㿪
̰Ҳ׷ϣΪ³ˮѾֱӷ־һצӹ
ˡһ̵Ŀռ侹ȻǷצץĵʮ׵ľ޴ѷ죬ˮˣҲǱצӲ˺ƬȻЩˮԾɽϣȻ޷κ˺
ʱ̰ǻȻתѪ˫֮УĿ⿴Ǭ衣


1787 ֮
һۣǬв˾⣬˾Ȼ˿У˼
ΪһУ˷ܵһɱ⣬ֱǵ壬裬
˵ҲãȻΪϻñ˴˵ʵ˼̶ȵûкϻ֮ǰǵʵߣǬһŮӣ̰Ǳɱ⣬ȫûеֿ
Ҷ߰Ȼܳ
˱Լס̰ȻŹõĻᣬһѾ˳˹ȥ˵״ûа취㿪һУǾ³
̰˳λãǷ˲飬Լ˳;ľԮҲǸ첻ǵٶȡ
һ׹ӿ£ֱӽǬӴ

̰ǵһֻצץ˰׹֮ϣһ֮ԭ׹ѩͷųģҲǱϵǸ˼һ֣Σͷһָ޷赲̰ǵĹ˲Ѿ
ɾ
ѩһ߳۾һ׹̰ǣ֮ϹâҫۣԼɼ֮ԭģǳѾȡ֮һƬããĴء
â̫ۣ̰΢΢۾ٵʱ򣬹ȻѾһƬѩص֮С
ͬʱֻ޻ͬʱһǬǲ˼Ķ˳Բ𡭡
û¡˳Ļ㣬ʵ̰̫ǿ󣬶ڣȻ׶༪١
֧Ųס̫õʱ䣬Ѿڹþ
ѩŵ㽹û£䡱һ죬ռͬһƬƬը۾ֱӻһ׹⣬Ȼɻڡ
̰ǺȻѾӻþ֮
Ŷõʱ䣡
˳ͷʱ˵ʵû뵽̰ǾȻǿ̶ֳȣûƾ״̬Լ˼һҲԲĶ֣
ⲻзɻȻ޷ԤǺ̰꣬ջ˭˭Ӧ֪̰ǵʵĺǣҲԲԼԺϻ״̬ѹ̰ǣΪס
ѵ
ܣ
𣡡
̰ٴηһ𣬺֮УƬҶ͵ۼֶ޷ĴأȻҵ
ʵĴؾǱˮ棬һȦȦһȦһȦ󣬶֮ȫ˲˷״̬
ﬣ
಻Ƭ֮ϣͬһ㣬һһͻ̡
ͦͻ̾Ƿıһ㣬˼ޱȣ֮䣬ԭտɽ֮оͻ̣ߴףֻ޻̶ֱȥ
˳˵ɫʱ䣬Ϊɽȶȫͻ⣬ڵǼΪӴ󣬼ֱǻһ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܣֻĿЩͻԼ
Ǹû뵽̰ǳǿ֮⣬ȻʩչսңƬʥٳ֮Уʩչ֮˿ֲ֮
Ҷ߰ĻôǾͻЩˣ̰ʩչĿɲ֮ô򵥣֮֮
ܻ֮˴ֻ֮ơ
仰˵̰Ҳ磡
Ȼ
ÿ˵һ̶ðһͷ˵ʵǶоеԩΪֻ״̬ȷǷǳǱϾҶĺϻ״̬޷ʩչս
˵Ľ˳ĸ߼󷨣ѩľβȵȡ
ֻ޻겻Լͬѡ˱۾ȴԼ걻Щͻ̶١
ȻʱȥƬ֮ǲûе֮е걻˺ʹ࣬˳۾ȻԼӴֻĲ˷ͻ̣Լжѡ
ٿȥ˺ԼȫһǱͻ̹ɵȫ޷
ųɱǵ̰ǣȻûɱԼˣ
˳Ȼ̰ǣ˿ֻ̣ĺɫǣ˫ȻѪһƬȴ¶һ˿٩֮ɫĵͷ̰֮꣬Ȼǿ󣡡
һ֮˳ǣ
ȻǺ֮ȴ͸˿ϲ˷ܣȫסеĿȫͷɫǵϡ
˼ղţֻԿ̰֮ңʵʲô仯


1788 
ͷɫ¶ϤԼԴŵ٩ڶعԭǺǣ
ûκζصͻ˲Ѿȫ˵£Ҳ»ָԭȵӣǰħۺжõĵطҲѾƽ
ѩ˫֮ѾһˮǴ磡
ЦˣҲ˵˵ͷңңˣ
ҶƲڱκױը˲䣬þȫԼ˵£ϾϵŲٿ֮
֮̾͸оһɾ޴ס꣬û˿ķ֮ͱһ·˵ʮۣĪĽ뵽̰ǵĻС
ҲΪĳƻһ˿ӡ̰֮ɹۣ֮ʱҲ֪Ļ˻꣬ȴĹ֮˽ȥ
ʥĹ̰ǼǿҲΣǾͶ˵£׼Żߣû뵽ĹҶ˵ħоȻֲ֮磬ӲǴӵ˳
ҲЩ̰ɵ˺úǺ̰ǻɵʱռ˱ˣӶճɹĽ̰֮ɵ
ò˵̰ǵǿ󣬵ʱǳ˺ǵϣʵ˲ʮ
ܹƿ֮Ǿãֱ̰֮ΪԼһ㣬ԣһЩսԼǳ֮γɵԼǧ˿Ƶϵ
֮ԼҶҲһս֮
ô˵ǵĸ˶Ƿǳĸˣ˳Ҳ˵ϽȥǰɣУҲϽعˣ
ʱ䣬Ҷ˵ֱһξ͹ˣĪΪոչȥһ˲ѡ
ô죿
ҶͷееʧΪʱµӡǣȻȷе򣬵ȴ࣬Ҳԭ֮н֮׹ͨ뷨Щҡ
ԴˣĪֻһЦһ´ͺǶѾˣڵأ
ŶҶ˵ͷͻȻɴ۾˵˭˭
Ī粻Ŀǰ
ǣǺǣ
ҶŵִŵڴӣĪЦõĵԱŪԺһŪ磬ͳһˣһһ˿˻ң˵Ҳ֣ҾúǵϷ˱仯ϵϢ㷢ŭʱе񣬳ɱ
ҶѾ˲ĪĻˣһѽߣȥǣ
㰡һ첻żּĪЦҡҡͷ
֪Ϣ˶ԶںǺ˳һĹʵʮ飬ȫ״˿Ҷ顣
Ҷǵһ̣˶ֱĶźǣƺȷ⵽ǲĺǣֱƬ֮󣬲Ŵߵ˺ǵǰһ§סĲӵԲ𣡡
Ȼ֪Ҷ˼ֿЦҶ֮仹Ҫ˵ЩʵһҪлл㣬ȻĻ治֪ʲôʱ׷㣬ںˣڿԺٴβˣ
˳򵥵ĽǺͺǽֵľ˵˳ֱʱĪ֪ԭѾһء
ȻںǾǰȻ̲ס˹ȥĬĬ§ס˺ǵĲӣڱеĺ˵ǼȸжΣɲǼͱʯͷһҶ
ĪںǵĶСĵ֣ǧ£ˣսˣһҲкܶĹҶߵֵԽԽ٣һҪߡ
ǲûпڻشֻĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ҶĪͺ֮ܣ˳ŵοΧļˡ
Ĳ˵𣿡ѩ
ô˵ǸǸߺǣҾ˵϶Ҳţ粻˵һһɣ¾ʹǼϣǰܹʧһΣ
ʱȳϴ˽Ī繧ĵˣ֮ؼ׼ˣ
仰˵ﶼһҶһץסĪ֣֮أȻõһЩĴ𰸣ҲԤʾԼҪķ룡
һ̣Ҷ֪ʵеı˲ûʧֻǱϣʱһϣʱ޷ʵʱ򣬱Ҳٴγ֡
ģվҪģҶĪ֣׼ǰ֮ء
Ȼ˳ڵȵȣ


1789 Ĺ
Ҷͣ½ŲתĿ˳Цŵи飬Ϊʲô㲻Ѫе˶أϾĻǺ̫ˣȵպҲ㻹ƾǺѪ֮ϵٴλصأ
˳֪ҶѾ֮ڳ뵽ԼĵУһɹôܹĹЯﻹҪͨʲôѪ˵ϵѰĹڡ
δں֮£˳鵹ȷŵֻɽеʱԼ޷ͨѪѪ綼ʩչӦ֮ܵӰ죬ͷԿ
Ҷ۾ʼԹͨҶ
ҶߵļˣĪ֮⣬˴˶һۣǵһѯʵôǹİɣ
ǰСѪǸлӴѪѪǿӦúѪейأֻܾܶѪеˣҲǼѪѪͬⰡ
˵֮˳ٴ¶ЦԼȻڲ֪֮ѾҶ飬˵صĴ£Ҳû취
Ƭ֮ҶѾ۾ԣҶ˵ڵѾ˵ʮһôڴ֮ǰе˶뿪ѪȻ뿪ҵһ͵ھе˶Ѿ˻죬ֻеʮУԸˣĹ֮С
仰˳жȻһȻֵǸ̫ˣ᲻ŵĹһأϾǶѾϰѪֻһҲ൱ɹ۰ɣ
ҶеɻĶ˳Ȼô˳뷨һһ䣬Ҳò˵е
ĹϾǰˣʮеʮңȫųǵȷ̫ˡ
ðɣʣ
ҶһνѪ֮˳յںǺѩǼ˵ĹͬʣڸʲôղŲ˵ҪѪôôֱˣ
ұԣǸղ˵ˣЩ˲뿪ѪҲ˵ǿ֮һȻҪعѪҵǿѪ
һϯ˵Ҳ֮µСѪľǸе˼Ϊķգûʲôõķ
ĽʮֻԴѻе㲻˼طҲͲˣĹ塭
ҶЦļýͣ⣬Ҳϣܹǿ´ټ֮ʱֿԲսˡ
Ҷ׼ȥһһݷͬǡ
ڻˣѾ뿪İս죬Ѿ϶ҪµպĪ磬Լµĺ֮⣬ʣ½ǳݣ磬СԺҹ
ҶЩ˵ʱǾȻڱչأһȻǴ˺ôҶɴһҧȫ¡
һԱʵϵ͵ʱսôĹҲĪ粻ôµ
գҶֻǣĪ֣˳һܹˣ֮ء
ԭҶΪ֮صĿĹһ˵ӦһʥʽʲôģȻȴǾȻһΪһδ˽֮أǸСɽ¶ûȥ
һ֮صǰȻǸưܻĵطǹɲϢȴӵŨǺǶϢΪУëѾ
˳Χ֮ҵһܼ򵥵Ļأһƣš¡ľ죬ʯŷ˳ƵȻ󻺻Ķˡ
һ̳ζ˱ǶһȥڶģʲôҲ
ĬĬſվƬ̣Ҷڴͷʯţ˶֮ʯҲǺȻرգ˿Ϸ죬ԾǺһƬ
ҶȻðһ뷨ҲǲǾͲôĹˣĹ֮ˣ
ǿڵǽж
Ŀǰʵڰ˵û˿Ӱ죬ȻؿܵһУӺڰȴһְϢѹǶе㴭
ǰһ̫ķֻнƽң˶̲סɣΪʲôҪԼ֮ؽôСôһһֻצӶŲ°ɣ
յģûκεװΣֻǽϿ֣֡Ĺ
Ȼ֮أĹ


1790 н
ȻһֻĶڣ֮һµ̨ף˭Ҳû˵̨ȥ
ԾޱߵĺڰȴкķԼ֮仹޵̾Ϣ֮оʲôֲ޴ڵǹɰѹ˵ҲøӵĽš
̨ײ֪ж೤ûоͷһ㣬һѾһ֧ʱ֮Ȼڼߡ
ҶѾ£ѰСݵټֵطԼ˶еΪĲĺӣָųʲô
ȻСĵôãղ̨̤׵ʱ򣬾ǽ뵽һ磿ǲҵĴ
ǣشѩ裺Ҳָоһ磬н磡
˳ȷʵˣղǽǸڣǽ֮Ͳˣǵٶ㣬Ѿ뵽˵ǧҡ
仰Ȼһ﷢û˿ڣǲԼͬļӿ˽Ų
ڣǰ̨׳һתǣ߹ת֮ǰȻŹͻ̼ÿ˶΢΢۾Ǵз֮пľȴÿ˸оݷС
ǰȻһƬޱߵƺһ覵Ʋʣ޻һڿڵƮ
ƺϿգɼһʺ֮ţһȥȻߣھͷ֮һ̫նңɢȴҫ۵Ĺâ
ÿ˶ĿɿڴſڽĿǰľ󣬺ð֮󣬾ŽͰ͵ĵѵѵϣǣһ·ߵģ
ΨҶ򶨣Ϊﵹ˵ǻڵǸƲ磺Ӧõȷϣ죬ô󣬽ԼʬϣʵҲͦġ
ǣʬ壬ЩƲ֮У
ҶĬĬĴۣͬʱżõɨƬƲ磬Ƭ֮ŵͷ˵ˣЩƲʵеĲƲʣĹ˵һ䣡
˳ҶָȥƯһƲʣܵƲһģһҶָʵ޷ʲôͬ
ߣǹȥ֡
Ҷһһƣľͬǲ޻һȻоƺȴȥ
ҵĽŲҲǾͲһĹҹӦûܵͷ
ʵֻҶܹЩƲʵЩƲʽˣǿĶܿͬ
ΪӦһƲڲͬҪ߽˿ȻһСģ²ȿգȻǶƲʲ˹ȥ
ĽżȵƲʵʱͻȻһ죬һƲֽڿն𣬶֮һߴǧɵľ޴Ӱ֡
ȻһӰӣ޷Ӱӵʵӣǲ˵ǱȻͬʱһϵѹ˲Ƭƺ֮ϣҲǶʱѹڵأ弫ıѹɷۣʱ˳һϻ꣡
ӱˮȻӾͷ˵Ҳ֣ˮ֮󣬾̸еԼϵѹ;Ҳ˲ʧûƲ֮С
ͬҶڵˣڸղӰֵһѾȫѹſ˵ϣȻûֱѹǳҶĪͺ֮⣬˶˵ˡ
ҶһȷĪ֮ų嵽˾ߣóŵҩι¡
ղͷһ⣬Ȼ˼أ㱣סСһ¡
Կ϶һĹĹƺƢá
˵ĹҶߵǶܳӰƲ֮ǰȥҪϸдŵ֣˫۸ոʱоһȵĴʹЩ֮оȻ̲źͬΰ֪¿ȥʵԲģ˲ܱϹ˫ۡ
Ҷ΢΢ۣ˫֮䣬һ̫ͼ˫֮䣬ٴȥȻԾֹס䣬ܹǿˡ
ֲ࣬ҴҵɨһȦ֮Ҷ̱۾˭Ҳ𿴡
ҶӣȻû˸ٿȫȴЩֵݡ
ΪƲ֮Ͽŵ֣ҶʶֻǽЩֵӼȻд
Ī綢ҶдЩ֣һһҢػ꣬𣡡
û뵽Ī羹Ȼܹʶ֣˸Ȥ֣Ȼ൱Ĺ־֮ģ֮һļ顣
ȻҲ֣Ң˳ػʲô˼ѵ˵Ĺס˾֮ãʱҲʵ̫˰ɣ


1791 Ĺ־
ֻ˳һ߶˶ǳĬղͻȻӰʵǴǼ𺳡
Ȼ֪ǸӰӦýֻֻмҢµıԼĹҲʵֲ̫ˡ
Ҷû˳Ļȵ۾ָ֮󣬾ûٿЩ֣ǷСݣ
ղĳ֣ɱ죬ҶӵСˣһҪǲȵĳĹһľСû˿ĵֿ֮
ûãޱ޼ʣƲʵ飬Ҫӿ۾ҵСݣǲܵ¡
ҶһߺСݵ֣һ߲ͣǰߣվĬĬĸ
һ·СǰУ֪뵽ƺм䣬Ѿ޷ʱǸתǵʱԶСݵҶ磬Ҷ磬
Сݵ˵жûɵһɣҶҲæСݣվԭر𶯣Ҷ㡣
ѭСķһڿСݣֻСѾͷһƲʵǰĶǰƲʣ˵֮档
ҶС˷ֱܵ˽ĻЦеҶ磬Ī㡣
ҶסСݵͬʱѾ΢ɨ壬ȷһ¶ûк󣬲ڳһСݣûк£
СҡҡͷûаҶ磬Ҹո˯ġ
ӣСݱ͵֮󣬾˳˯ֱڲѣʱ˳ȻʵСݣղڿǶƲ𣿡
ǰ˸磬ƯҾЩƲʺϤˣ滹лأ
˵䣬СѾҶĻһҶһĪ磬ǶƲʵǰ
ЩҺúǰϧˣ
СݵĻ˶һСݿƲϵ֣۾Ȼ˿Ӱ죬ǰ񻹼
ҶԥһʵСݣ㿴Ļ۾𣿡
СҡҡͷҶ磬ҰЩ㿴òã
ã
Сݱ㿪ʼָڿ黯˵Ҳ֣ûҲûָƶÿȴĿһָ˳
С֣ǰҶʵڶ̫࣬е֣ĪҲϲСݻ֮ĪҲĿİĽ˼˵˳˲һ
Ҳ̫˰ɣСĵ
˵һĹ־˵һͷΪʵĻ䣡
ɣʾǺѪ۶սһΪ˺ѵ
򵥵Ľ˺ͶʶľҶڶΪǴΪͣһ뷨ܹ֮ŶȥԼĹ翴
û뵽ԸΥ֮ǰҲûм棬뷨ֻա
ľǼʵһЩ䣬Ҳһʱ䣬ػʮ꣡
СݺĿǰҶǣһͬľͷ׮һʵҶ磬ôˣ
ҶعЦЦûʲôߣĴ
ȻСܹӰĿƲ֮ϵ֣ҶȻϣܹ࿴ӶԼһЩʾ
СݵĴ£һ˾ĬĬĴЩ֮УСҲͣĽֻĪ
ʵĹϵݣ϶ǴͬС죬еֶ㣬еٵ㣬ǶԼĽܣΨһطȴĹеģǾһʱ䡣
ռʱȴǳ̲ȣһΪػʮ̵꣬ػꡣ
֪֮УѾһʱתͷȥããһƬƺ˲пǧ˭뵽һطȻĹأ͹ҶѾĹʹﵽʮ֮࣬һЩûģҲϰ֮ࡣ
޵еﾹȻϰ֮࣡
ȻСݵİҶ֪Ĺ֣ҶüͷȴԽԽһûп֮ҲķĹʦ˵Ĺ֮ҵ𰸣ȴҲһ
ȻСҶֵ磬߲ʺŰɣ
ʺţ
Ҷ̧ͷִʱǰǿзɼŵʺľͷȻ߲ʺ磬Ǻʵ飬ҶҲľܾСݵҪЦŵͷã
ҶСݣǣĪ磬̤ʺ磬˷Ӧ˾Ȼƾʧˣ


1792 
ԭҶ˼Ϊ˺СݿģԷ֮װڲʺϣȻû뵽ǣĽʺʱ򣬾Ȼ̤ʵϵĸоһ̣ǰһһȻѾ뿪ǰƺ뵽һĻ֮С
ۣƯ
Сݿܵķؽ˷ܵĽ
ҶĪĿŴƬе߲ķĹ
ĪѾĸ֣֮Ĺ
棬Ӧþ˰ɣ
һ󾪺֮˳Ҳ˽ѩ裬ȻʻŮԱȽûеֿҲǶסˡ
СݺȻٴδҶĻ£ŲȻмߴĹȥ
ҶҪסСĵģǻȴ˻ȥֻĬĬע
ֻСߵĹǰȻͨһڵأĹİȥȻϵı飬ȴ֪˿̵СһǷǳϡ
Сݰ֮վѾָЦݣЦĳҶǵҶ磬Ҳݰݰɣ
ҶͷǰҲǴ֮ˣǸðݰݣ
ĹһУӦöλٳģͳͨҲֵҶһˡ
˵֮ҶҲߵĹ֮ǰ˫ϥڵأİȥ֮ȻѧҲ׷׶Ĺȥ
ҶȴߵĹ̴֮סˡ
̻ŵľҶ֮
ȻһЩ֣ĪŹЩֵݣ棬ػһʮ꣬һỨ֮֮
Ȼʬ岢ԼģӦᣬҽƵ
ڶҶ˵ȤȻδճ͵֮ˣЩڱ˿û˿ĸ·
ʱȻѩһСʧˣ
һ仰ͽҶע˻æʵʧģ

˳ѩָҶͳ˳ȥСʧĵطʱ̲סعͷֿһǿĹһԵ˳Ȼڵһỹܻ
仰ҶʱˣһΧĻٴαΣȻһש̾͵ĳ֮ϡ
ƺԵļª࣬˸ǽ֮ϵЩҹ֮⣬κοĿĶ⣬ǳȵߣӦһһķ䣬СݾվҶǰ棬ƺеη塣
Ϊڴ˴ҶԵĸоϢ
Ϣ˵ĶÿȴԼصϢҶѪأɱأˣоЩϢ֮ҶףطӦ飬Щ֮УЩסĵط
Сݾվ﷢㶣Ҷǣס֡
ʱҲ˽ÿȻЩͬϢǺǣӣ¶ɻĵôоħ޵Ϣ
ѩҲ΢΢üҲоϢ
ɣ
Ҷǰ棬̤ש·ŲûֻͨͭţƿȥСôһҲ˿ӵȴûʲôĳ裬ֻһʯһʯһŶѡ
һ뷿䣬ҶܸоĳϢǿȻĳλǰչصڡ
ʯڵǽ֮ϣһеּҶ˽ȥΪ֣һ֮£ȴּ֣֣һ⣬ЩֶǾԶܹʶ
֣չذأδô繦Ȼȥ
һ֣ʮأԵһգ
֡
Щ֣ÿ˵жðһʺţĹôΪʲôֵˣȻ죬ģ
˷ɢʼÿ䷿֮ѰЩ֣ǰ󿴹ʮ֮ܽ˳죬͵Ļ죬Ǹ߸ϵ죬ȻԼּ
˹飬һʱ֮Ӷең˳Ҳ⣬Լüë
ѵ˵ˣԸֲͬķʽ뵽죬ΪľǽĹ
ÿֵȴҲǴͬС죬˵չأٶټնһ񣬲òȻ뿪
ƺҪõʲô
ʱҶѾߵשȵľͷﻹһ䣬˿Ҷ֪˵ʦԼĳЩĴ𰸣ôһ֮ˣ


1793 Ĺ
һĴţҶ͸ܵһϤ˲ͽΧΪϢ̫ңҶ̱Ԫһ־Ϣ˿ڣ
ԭܼ򵥣Ҷܲ
ϢѪһеϢǿ˼£ϢҶʵͬһֻɽһ
ͬʱҶҲǽϿһ֣ʼŵһţʦ˵ĴӦþ
Ҷվſڣŷ֮ڹİݣӣǵȻ֪ûһǰţСݶĪǣ˹վԶ
һҶΪªķ䣬ʽϸĴ˷Щ֡
ȻһۿȥҶ;ԼѪҺ˲Ѿ̣
ǽڵһŴֽôֽǰͿһкɫֻ֣ϧҶʶȴҲİΪ
֮УӲӵĹ֮ϣԿ̵ľ֡
Ҷ֪˳Ʋȷģ֣ӦþϵѪ֣֮˲˵ȻѪʼ棬Ѫ۶棡
ҲͿ֤֮еĽɫĹľһ˻ʣѪ۶档
ҶĿЩ֣ӿһ˿޴ʧ䣬ΪԴ֪Ĵ֮һֱһδ˵ССϣǾǶԾɻ˼䣬ڼȻѾ֤ʵĹǶģȻ˵Ѿˣ
һѪۣԭѾʧҽԼķĹ֮У
Ҳֻ˼ܹˡ
Ҷٴ֣صĶһֹʩȻĽеԼԺ
ȻʶЩ֣Լ⹫Ѫˣܹʶ
ЩֶѪ壬˵ҲҪ壡
ȷԼЩμס֮ҶŽĿԱߣ֣ȻִԾЩ𣬵Ҷȴ֪ʦħġ
ħµģܵ˵ݴ¿ԷΪ֣֮Ҷ֪ԭʦȻĹ
ȻҲҶһΪ˳ȫ˽ȵ˳֮ȴͷԭˣǰƲ⵹ǲıˡ
ǰƲʲôҶʵ
˳ҲƴǵղλʣҲǺѪǰΪѵԼĹ֮УѿԼĹʮֵԺϿѪǰΪ֮󣬲ҪѪǰǰȥͷܹǰĹ磬ƺһʮֵýԺ£ΪˣҾ룬˵Ĺ羿
ԵʱѪǰܹ࿹ʵ˵Ӧ֮󣬽Կȥã죬˽磬ƺľûȥĹ硣
پھԶֻᱣһΪʲôǵĹ϶дػٶ꣬ôػľʲôط
˵˳һһǰˣڱĪǣŵСݵϣĿۺŽŵۺ㣬Ҳ²⣬Ѱҵɽ磬Ĵڣɽ磬ǣҽͷ˽綼ΪĿģΪػ
ÿΪػǷ磬ֻһ֮󣬲Żһ֣ȷ˵Ҫػ磬ֻҪɳκһǰͿԣΪ磬κһ޵еĴڣػ磬ȵ֮һǰ
ȫĬȻҶʵҲԼ˲²⣬ھ˳ôһ˵ֲ²ӵʵˡ
һ֤Ĺ֮ϵ̵ıڻ֮ƴҪ޷Ǿϣܹ׷֮ߵɽĴţӶõ
ԣѩҡҡͷ˵Դɽ磬ɽôЩΪʲôأ
˳ԭҲ֪Ҳ²ӦǺͻĹɵȵȶйϵ˵ɽһֱҲֻǴ˵һɽĻϾ֮⣬ĿǰΪֹǻûȷеĿ֤ɽ֤ݡ
Ȼ˳˵ûУĿȴʼնСݡ
ڳİ˸˶뵽ͬһ⣬ǾʱȫõСݣȷɽ磬һзΪ֮⣬ڿĹֵʱϤ
˳˵ĳ˼ˣⶼҵĲ²ѣΣֻ̤·֪ħǰµĵһ˵ҾõڶֲŸ˼


1794 ͽ
ħ֮еһֵݣʵǺ˳Ʋ޼˵ħŹĹڣѰ˺ܾòʱﻹסһΪƣһһҲͬĶһʶճΪѡ
ħҲȻںͼƵУֻҪһСȴβסԺһξƺȶ֮󣬻ʮ˷ܵħ۵ļ˵ʸԼع硣
ټǸƺ磬ħҲȥΪͼѵĹϵʶ֣Ӷ˳ͬƲ⣬ӦԴһȾ컹ҪӸ߼硣
Ӵ󵨵ΪֹԹ˵дڵĸǿ飬ʥޣ˺룬Լʥޣӡ̰ǣ¶Ǹ硣
мԿħ۵ʱֵʱÿһ͸ŨŨ˷ܣԼһЩ԰
ȷΪħʵ˵ܹΪѣܹ뵽ȷԺʸ
еĵڶݣҲ˳Ȥ˿Ǿˣ
ħ뿪Ĺ֮ʱֽ֪꣬ʱļѾ
ˣħ۲֪ʲôȻˣ
ħ۴һ֮꣡
ǿȷ־ħµģôҶ˾ԻΪһηԷôܻܹ֮࣬أ
ûпܣħ۲֮꣬ȻϻˣĻħ۵ʵǿʲôĵز
Ǳ׼ǿǿϣҶǺӵϣǿ˲֪ٱ
һҲᣬһξ൱ħ۵ﻰˡ
ħ۴˼֮Ϊ˱ĹĹһ壨ѪҲбֻ֮δᣩ㲼󷨣󷨾ʮ
ֻʱ֮дڵĲ֮ӵ꣬һЩǿꡣ
˲֪ԭʮħ첼µġ
֮ħۻȻһĴ£飬Լɣԣħ۾ʼͽҲԼĵһͽܡԯ콾
԰԰ҶȻ૵ҡͷʦǱ·ŽԼĳһδεĴ·͵˽磬Լʦ֣Ѫһŵĳ𣿡
˶Ҷ˵ħ۵һУԼͽḶ́˿ڿħµĻȻ͵֪ʵȫͬ
ħ۲Ǳ·вſʼͽģڲʮ֮ͿʼͽģγΪħ۵ͽܣҶ֪ԼĴʦԯ콾Լûмʦ˵±Ѫˣͽܡ
ԯ콾껹ķħۿܴڵ鹹˳
⵽ô£ѵҶƭˣͨ˳
˳Ƭ̺ŴҾ˼ĵطΪħԼױдͽ֪ͽȫͬǱȻֻһģҪǰǵѣҵǿԲ²һ££ԯ콾ѪһŵʮͽħӰԼħ¶ģ
ģǵˣģôܻͳѪһôĸ֣ģҶôܴһƽ꣬ڶ̶ʮʱӵôǿʵħ֮⣬˭ܹһУ
Ժǵ˳Ե侲֪࣬ΪҶģֻǸ˼򵥵Ĵ𰸣Ѫ˵ǷҶֻܹһУ
ǳĬƬ̺˼˵һУѪһţ࣬ģʵϲħ죬ѪŪļٵģеһжǼٵģ
пܣ
ʵ˳Ҳʮʹ֪࣬Ѫһţ֪ħҶҪԣһĶǼٵģֻѪ˵ҶԷչֳĻҶ˵ԹĴֱӽҶ
Ƭ֮󣬺ٴԯ콾أнԯңԼˣħҲ˵ˣԯ콾ΪͽⲻǼٵİ
ҾͲ֪ˣҶ˵ˣһжҵĲ²⣬ĿǰҸûа취ȥ֤
ð֮Ҷ侲¿ȥ
ħڲ֮䣬һʱ䣬һϢҪһӣ
ΪĹĴȱݣһʱᶴһΣҪǿΪ֮ϼӹ̣ʱţ󷨻ԽԽһ̳˽Լͽܣƾ˳Ĺ


1795 ĸɵ
ħ۵Կ˵뵽дģԵеңڽħȫ֮󣬷֮һƬţ˶뵽˳˼֮УΪҪʱ
׿Ҷħͽɻ̸ҶҵһЩ𰸣˳Ҳݹ˳
֮ħǰĹΣڶʱ꣬ҲʮȻڲĹ̵Уһ£ϧҲɣԱͽԯ콾Ȼ뿪Ĺ֮յģһͱӻ
£ħ첢û˵ֻ˵ǼΪðյΪܻܿᵼ»ĹһЩʱͿռϵĲȡ
ȻǱиˣħֵԱߣе֡
׼뿪Ĺʱһԣ֪к˻ĹҲǳµģԻдΣգΪ˽֮ǣ
ԵĽħĲѣϾᵽǺܾԺ飬ʱҲʲôˣ
ħȻôģ뵽һ취һЩ飬߿ɽ˵Σ
ǾĹ֮дҵһЩʱռ䣬Լһ˿һĴҲõõĺˣҲϣһ˺ǵΣܲܳɣҪ⣡
ȻһǰɽҶ˺Ĵ𰸣ħԵѵĺˣȻָҶ
Ҷеֻħ۵һ˿еĳҲĳ֣Ĳȶʱգټħ۷һϵķѣ
һеĿģΪֻǽҪҶԵΣΣЩ֣Ҳ̰֮ꡣ
еԣֱдҶġ
СʦܣĹ֮ǰȻɲ֮δ֮֮һϾҲѾһУû뵽ڴ˴ʦԺϢʱ֪ԭʦŶݼ֮ҲǸĪ⣡̾ҾȻų֮֮
ʦԣѣһѶӦϣȻʦ˵Ҫ⣬ţƾҺʦ֣һܹƽȹȻĹҲңӦҲʦĿΪ֮ĿģӦҲˡ
Сʦܣ㿴ʦҵ֮ʱӦöѾߣˣ֪Ȼкܶɻ󣬵й¶˵ԶĻҲͲ˵ˣֻһ䣬ѡʲôĵ·ʦңʦʦܣȻǱ˴δ棬ǶʼߣȻִ̫ʲô£Ҳһֽѣ
ʦʦ֣
ҶۿһӾͺˣĻǣ˳ᢣԭΪԼʵԼڹ¾սҲƵʵһֱڱǣ
ֲʦĻ֣˵ʮ㣬ɽȴսе飬һһǡǡľͱסԼɺϣʵںܾǰǾѾۣΪԼⳡΣˡ
Щվ֮Ҷʧȥһһƨ˵ϵӺң鷳ҷһʦʦֵ԰ɣ
˳˵ͷʵ޷Ǿĸɵ㣬һΪʲôħǰͽ֪ͽͬһԿ϶֣ݣħǰǰ֪Ҳȷϵġ
ҶԻ󣬲˳˵ĺܶԣΪʦԼʱ׿ڳƺԼΪ˵ͬó֮ʦҲ֪ҳԼͽܡ
˳ŵڶɵ㣬ħǰͽĹ˵ôλںδ˵֮꣬뿪Ĺ֮ȥ
˵λʱ˳Լ־䣬»̼Ҷںʼշǳ侲
ɵ㣬ǲħǰǰĹĿľʲô
ҶĬƬ̵ĿѾ֪ˡ
˳Ҳû׷ʣƺϵһҪȷһ¶ѣãǵĸɵǰѾᵽִִ²ֻǹ磬Ӧûиε˼
ʱĪҶߣ֣˳Ļ˶һۺҶЦҡҡͷҵִܶ࣬磬ˣǣҵִȻĿǰ˵ִȻҪҵʦ䡣
˵仰ʱҶûע⵽˳һ˿ԴڴĹâܿϧ˿âҶ¾仰֮󣬱֮ʧ
Ҷ̧ͷǰԵʦ֣Բ𣬲ĸִҶµģҷŲ£ҷŲ£ֵҷŲ£ǣҸŲ£ԣ뿪Ĺ֮ҾͻսɲҪҪҪ̤·ҵʦҲҵǣ


1796 Բã
ҶϥƬ֮Ѿһµʱˣǰǿ޴Ĺ
Դڷ֮пѪԼʦʦǵ֮ҶͶ˳˵Ѿ֪ʦʦԼĹĿģ̰֮ͱĹ֮⣬ҪȻ֮ˡ
ȻҶ֪ΪʲôֻԼ˴֮·¾һжڤڤаţôԼҪģǼ·ȥ
еִҶѾȫţʹЩִŶӡˡֵܺʦǵִȥߵԼ߲Ϊֹ
еԸܹϽ֮ԼĵУĻܹԼʵ磬ܽĹƿС
һµʱ䣬Ҳ֪ǲܵ¡
ȻĹϵЩ֮ƷżһҲֻʮÿһƷżֱһ޼ʵ硣
򣬲ǵļסţҪľ壬ҲǶڴ⡣
ֺĴΥǲδճ͵ĵҪ͸е壬ʵǼΪѵ顣
οʱ䲻ˣһǷսѾ֪սڵЩطֻ֣ʱرգҪսУⲻνؼҪҵڷսпֵܳǣ
Ī˵ĹΪѾû򣬹⿿Ĺ֮Ĺһ壬޷Ĺʱ䱣̫ãֻµʱ䣬Ҳ˵֮Ĺٴιرգֹرն˵ʧȻ֮еҲ뿪
ˣҶֻµʱŬĽеƷżסȻպʱʱȥԽԼĵںϵһ
ʱ˿̣ʮƷţѾͬǳһӡҶԺ֮УطʱԶȥʱʱʱɢ
һƷţҲǶҶԺ֮еʱͻȻеƷţȻڴ˿ȫݺݵײһ
ľһȺǳںޱߵ֮УݺݵײţųһŽɫĹȼŵޱ޼ʵĽɫ棡
ɫͻ֮УҶ꣬ȻУңһ̣ݷԶŲãһС
ΪҶҪȫǵש̾͵ĳ֮Уÿ˶ѡһԼϢķ䣬Դǰǵĵá
֮ص棬ĹһȳϵĴ֮£ۼܣաЩѡĹеˡ
ʱ˿̣˵ǰһתŨɫԼȼյĽɫ棬Ĺ磬ʱʱް˻˵ĶĤһʹƿչȴ죬𵴡
ĪС֮⣬ȫͻѹ𺳵ֱѹ˵ϣá
ҶԺ֮Уȴһ
֪ʱѾһĻĳ֮УɣϣƳϯ˷ͣشָݵ˻֮
𶯵ĴѪɺӣ洦ɼָĺǣеĺ֮ϴʵѪ⣬еĺȴѾֳҰ֮ɫһͻһ̲̳ɢ
ԶԼкܶӰսҶۣȴҲ޷ЩӰľҲΪͲҲΪЩӰٶʵ̫졣
ϦͬѪ͸һ㣬ʬϺͣ£ɢ䣬ŭֻ֮ʼ
տʼȾ޵ѪɫԶһֻ۾ٿȻ
ôһۣƺ޾֮ᷳɫνս
ţһ΢ŭ̾
սе龹ȻߣȻҶǵòȴܸܵӿĿ־壬ͬУجһ㣬ֻߣûС
ʱһֻ˶Ľɫ۾ƶأ۾֮мһĨɫĹ⻪ӿγһޱ޼ʵûз϶Ĵ˷ȥ
ǱһУ˿ҲѾȫ˵㵭Ľɫ㣬ڿسظ
ɲǼ䰲ˣϦ£еѪɫȻʧ
ҶԺ֮Уֻ޴۾ƺڶʲôķ֮
ŽɫĴʼջأؿгЩɫ㡣
Ľɫ۳һŹ⻪˫۾֮ǰᡣ
ԵİɣûãȻѾġպϰɡ
һͳͻأҶԺֻ֮˫۾֮оȻһɫ˽ɫĹ⻪֮УȻʼʧҶԺ֮еľҲʧ
ǸԶŲã֮УһײβĽɫ̾ڴ֮ϣһ˫ɫĿ


1797 ɢ
Ī磬˳ǣѩ裬СݵȰ˸˵İ˫۾ĶǸһŽɫŵҶ
˿̵Ҷվıֱ˫̯Դάڹ֮УֻΪ̫ҫۣÿ˶޷Ҷ
ǵŭʧʱ򣬾ʹש֮˳ҶĲԾ˭Ҳ޷ǰȥ鿴һҶôˣǲңǲܣ
ǵɫƺ̺޾Ŀֲܹվﲻſ£ѾǼΪѵõˣҪһǸǳ˵Ρ
ڣѩСʵղţ𣿡
ǲãĺУ𵴵Ļ죬ƺĺĺУ
Ȼ˿ĭ᲻һСĲȵĹϣȻ󱻳ֵССĽѵһ£
ĻشӭߵĿıӣСҲ⡣
ûܹ֪Ҷôˣľĵĵȴţͬʱÿ˵ҲʱŶ
ΪҶ״̬Ȼȥһµʱˡ
仰˵ܿ죬ǾͽĹ֮ͳĹ״̬µҶ֪ܹܲ뿪
ʱ򣬶Ȼһ˻˶ΪϤҶ
ͬʱҶϵǵɫ˷ӦһȻҲҵĲƺɾҪȻСָҶͷϷĹ룬ҶеǸ
Ȼ˳һƬ⣬ʲôĪҲѯСݵСݣ㿴𣿡
Сصĵ˵ͷӺף
ΪŴ֮ɱصģ˵ʱҲ࣬ҲԿ϶СݿӦþ
ȴûоʲô⣬ͺҶ˺ϻ꣬ĳֻ֣˵Ҷչֳ˺ϻ״̬

ͻȻҶһҽУҽ֮ǽɫȻҵĲǿҪըһգҲȫըڲûʲôֻǻǵĽɫ㣬ٿȻصߴĹ֮ϡ
ŽɫʧҶҲ˵ǰ˿̵ŤͷͬҶһ㣬Ҳ˫ֽճȭָ֮׶ѾǶУһεεѪ˳
һжҶųĳ־޴ʹࡣ
Ȼÿ˶ȥҶôˣ˭Ҳȥ벽ֻСɻԼСղţղţҺ񿴵ǸŽɢˡ
Сݵ仰Ȼû̫ķӦΪɢȻǼΪ飬ֻ˳¶صɫĵòǺϻ֮꣬˳ɣ
һ仰ͬشһ㣬ݺݵôÿ˵ļ䣬һȫĿҶ˿Ϊ˳ϡ
ʲô˼Īȷʡ
˳ȴҲ޷϶ĵСݵĻ͸ղϷĶҾãǲĳصҲʥǽе֮Ӳĳ˳ȻĻӦûôʹࡣ
ϻ֮걻룡
Ȼû֪⵽ǲģ˭ӵĻ붼һΪֲ顣
г̶ȳ֪ٱͺñڴӻ˵ϣӲĳļǣʹ̶ȿ֪
˳ȴûˣĵΪʲôʥΪʲôҪôҪȡ֮ĻǼҲѲ˰ɣ
ڳİ˸ˣС֮⣬Īں˻˻꣬ں̰֮꣬ѩں֮꣬˳裬Ǭ;ڶ֮ꡣ
Ҷ彥ƽŤҲƺѾɹʹʱڣڣ۾
ڵҶÿ˶ԾüͷͷԼ촽ôоˣ
ȷҶߣǰȷһ֣ԭҲʵ˲١
Ȼûʲô仯˫۾ںͨԶϸĻԷ֣üģһΪĽɫεķţƺĳԢ⡭Ľɫһ£ûע⡣
Ҷܣô
Īһ˹ȥеʵ
Ҷûϻش𣬶ҲãȻ֮ɫԼȭͷ֮ƽҡҡͷû£
ǽʵҶ֮أ
ûˣղűһĪ塣
Ҷشĺ̹Ȼǳ˳С֮⣬˵ȴȫ¶֮ɫ
ûӵĺϻ꣬Ҷʵ񲻻һǧɣǰĻҲûʲôǶڼս˵Ӱɾ̫ˡ


1798 ׼
ǡ
ǵĻո˵ͱĪˣҶܣʱ䵽ˣ
һ仰˶̱ͣСҲµɿĪ֣ܵ˺ǵߣ˺ǵıϡ
һ̣߸ѾĵתƬʧˣʱҶĪ硣
ҶҲڻع¶˿Цô͵𣿶Բ𣡡
ȷӦ˵ԲΪֻ֪µʱ֮ǳõķ룬ȴȻûж໨ʱĪ硣
ʲôԲ𣡡Ī練Цĵ˵ҶĶͷõǸҲھΣΪǷޣ
ҶĪԼĻУ§΢΢壬֪һ̣ǿװɣĵǵģǷޡ
Ƿޣ
򵥵֣ʤȴǧʱѾҪκε޶˾ıһ
֮󣬻ĪƿҶʱĿ쵽ˡ
֪ҶͷĪǰһ˿ͷ΢΢һЦúչԼò˶ãǾͻٴμ棬ʱ򣬼ǵ˵Ļ
ʱһΪܹЯֲ磬̹Ȼһеģޣ
שȵľͷ֮صĳڣ˳˶ѾڣſзҶĪЯֳǵǰ
Ī¶΢ЦŰɣ
˵ͷǰשǽûзʲôשǽͱƿһ˲䣬һɲɣζ˹
שǽ֮һ޼ʵĺɫֻǺصĺڰһ˵Ťء
ڰ֮У˶һ𺳵ĴڣһƯŵľ޴ʬ
ģڴ˵еʥʬ壡
ûܹһ̵ĸоͬվһƬУԼԵֻǾ޴ʬһ־޴ѹȴûһ˿һıȣƽȴƴ
ƺͬħۺ˳²Ϊػߣǿȴʰ
ԭ֮ʬֻǲ֪ʬһġ
Ҷܣλౣأ
ĪѾɿҶƣ΢Цվԭأעˡ
磬أ
Ī㣬㱣أ
ÿڶĪͷ֮󣬱ȻƬڰǽ˺ڶһǵٿȻʧ
ȵ˶ʧ֮ҶȻתٴνĪ§ڻУ촽
أҵޣ
Ҷɿ˫ۣתȥͬȻ˺ڰĪϣĿ죬ؽҧ
ıĪ磬һµŮӣȻԾɴЦݣѹõˮϢĴе䣬̼档
ճյĿţԼİ֮˵Ӱʧ
˻꣬ʼɣ
һݷ쳹صĻ֮һźɫĻ涸ȻĪü֮ӿĪǽСȫ֮ĳһֻչ߷ɵľ޴Ӱ

½ϵһɽ֮УΪͻأĳ߸ӰӣȻǴĹ֮뿪˳ˡ
תͷܣɻĵɽ𣿡
ǣ˳ָԶһƬֵɽг걻ѩǣȻѾǱɽˣשǽ֮ӦǴ󷨣͵
ղǾʬô£о̫ˣϧûܿ˿ϧҡͷ
Ҷأѩ迴ܵ
ڣ
ҶͻأĴ˵˹еĿ⣬΢΢һЦģҺܺãҲܺãǲú϶ټģˣǾͽսɣ⸽һȽɫĴš
˳üͷھͽĿǰʵ
Ҷڵʵȷĵ⣬Ϊϻ֮꣬ȻӲĳ꣬񲻻ʵΣķķսУΣȻǴӴˡ
Ҷ˳ļЦŵʵǿԵʼҪԣѾ̫õʱ䣬ʱȥˣ
Ҷôһ£˳ֻԼڵѪȻɲ֮ọ̈̄Ȼ˲糣ȴǴ𺳣ţϾ¶һ˿ײ΢Цͷǰýȥˣ
ֻ˳֪Ҷʵ·ǵûм˼˺־磬Ŀǰˡ
ô˵˳ŵڿԷ
ǣһȺ˸ҶһȻδĽɫ֮ǰҶ˫ֵ˴֮ϣȻתͷĿԼߵͬǵǣ׼𣿡


1799 
Ǻ˳ǶѾ˽ɫĴţҶСݣͷһȻʲôûУȴ֪ǸĹڣֻڵĹӦѾʧˡ
ҲٴλعǵԨҲǰ磬ܻټģ
תͷҶͬƬɫĴţ
ǰɢ֮ҶԼվһƬžĺڰ֮УΧһĿݼźľû˿ĽɫҲѾʧ
˼ž֮⣬ܵ¶Ҳ͵˼£Ҷʵоδᵽĺ䡣
Ƿսս𣿿Ϊʲôû˿ϢͺأǺԼȺɫţʱ䲻ϢѣΪʲôԼߣ
ûнս֮ǰҶҲ۹սʲôһһΪӦһ磬ĸо֮дڵĺڰգֻûп֮޴ڵЩ硢׵ȼΣյĶ
Ҷûлţĵѵ˵սҪ˵ͬʱҲᱻ͵ͬĵط
һ˼Ҷһ߽ԼɢȥΪ￴ûб߽磬ҲǾܵӳֱﵽޣҶԼĹƣӦõϰ֮⣬ԾûзκĴڡ
Ϊ˲СܵΣգҶ뵽˺ɽ֮УԼҲȻѾ˷սôû·սսı仯ԼҲֻ޷˵ȥ
Ȼڶ˵ȾҪҵֵǵ䣬ͬʱܹҵһЩˣǴһ£ս׺˶ٸ򣬳˾˿֮⣬ˣ
֮ҶƬڰ֮
Ƭڰݷգ˫ȴ̤ͬʵһ㣬ҲܷУֻٶ
ﵽʲôһطһ磬գֻǿݼŵ棿ǣĻȴû飬ûմأյĻûףĻûǳ
Ҷߣı÷ɣȻٶʩչ˼ޣһһ㣬Ƭž֮зɿĴУֱʩչ˲š
֪˶֮ҶȻͣΣҡͷԣҵٶȣôһ·ĸ·Ҳ˰֮ңôԶľ룬ȻǸûƶһƬڰô𣿡
ʼǺڰûκζΪҲͻʧȥ˾ٶȵĸоȻҶԴԼ߹ľ룬ȴһܹ
ˣǻˣҪ뾭֮ңҲҪµʱ䣬˵ˣҲô˵սˣһ¶ҪڲͣߵУսӦɣ
Ҷһ֮ȴòɼУΪʲôԾȴûа취ı䡣
ƽȻ޷ı䣬Ǿ̹Ȼܣڸ·ͬʱҲ䵱һḶ́ϵԿŵƷţÿһŶԹĲƸ
ģҶѾʱ䣬һС

ˣ֮ҶʧЧȻǸĳ֮УһӰǳ֮ϣ
ã
һ£
һ£ҲҪ˲٣ӣѪһǸСưһЦӺڰдԽǿⳡϷԽ棬ˣǸͰºϻСһأԾڱչ𣿡
ǵģĲӦòúҪˣ
ڵԶԶҶĶ֣ǧǶ˹ڷսǰ棬⣬ССܹ̺Ҷ֮Ĳࡣ

УŸҶʦ߹·죬ӦǸͽĳЩ޷ֵĶ


üĴǽɫηţһ΢֮ҶȻ۾ӳһУȴ˶֮סܲޱߵĺڰǳ˸ʵͬĭһĴڡ
ЩĭСͬСֻӣҴСģȻޱ޼ʣ·ܣеԶеĽ˴֮ľҲǸͬҪݵĻеǵҹգÿһĭʹһǡ
ÿһĭжԼľ󣬸ͬϸĻ淢Ĳܵӿ
ʲôҶסˣۣεĶס˾Լһĭģĭеľ
ƣǳɽˮɭֱ鲼Լָ飬࣬壬Ȼһ磡


1800 ˵ս
ʳ¯ڵİˣǮһ
Ǹյ㣬أǮһɣ
˿̵ҶվһֵĽֵ֮ϣǴ˷ĽΧԵеȻ
ûѾ뵽˸ոǸĭ֮УȻĪľУվֵһ֮ϡ
սս֮һ𣿿ЩˣЩô£ǵʵڣǱĳЩ˴ģ
Ҷ̲סͳһӣ˳ֶӵˣȻһӣΧϵ𾪣һҧȥ
Կ϶ʵģôɲΪΧҲʵģ綼ʵģ
ﵽʲôطЩֻͨˣûС
˷С֮ͬ⣬죬ȴֻһޱߵĽ
ѵԼص˷˽磿
˵Ŀɿڴ֮УҶƾʧˣ׵ĸ߿֮ϣ̽Ѱ硣
ܿ죬ͱҵһһһ˵ߣ
һֻʮ˾ˣ֮ȻЩۣͬһԼǰҶͬʱŶԷɢ־޴ѹ˫ȶڲͣĲš
⣬򰡣
ʲô磿
ңҲֻ֪֪ǣƹƹ֮⣬з׹ĴÿҵĽϣˣк󡣡
ʿأʿ㵽ʲô磬߾ʿǵʲô̶ȣ
ң˵أ߾Ӧõһذɣ
˵
Ҷ˰Լ˵ģڷսеһȫµľ绮֣˵˵
˵
ҶжȻһ𣬳˹ȵףΪˣϴεķսֻоϵ˲μӣȫµľ磬Ȼڳ˵ָľǷˣһ־磬˵εķսҲ˷˽磡
ҶԸϢսбȻΣأ˵ģǰǶοݼŵĺڰ֮ãͲһܹܵ˵ġ
˵Ļǻ쾳˶õ㣬Ƕڷ˵Ƕκڰ֮ãҪǵ
ǰԼ˶٣ȴɢͬɽΰ֮Ҷ˸ҶֻܹԹԵվԭأдž֮ɫ
ûˣ߰ɣǸıꡣ
ҶعһܾûùʯȻٿȻʧǸʯͷɵɵ
ţҶһʱ䣬һת䣬ּ˼ʵϸߵģﵽʿ֮˸طʼ
˵ʿ棬˵ʿֻ鳾ʵôȿųԲǷ˽磬ҲǾеһ硣Ȳﵽӣÿĭʹһ磬ÿ磬ԵǷսеһս
ȻսǱȻս֮⣬û˵Ľ룬ҵʵ޵еĴڣкͬ׵˽Ǵսĺǽ˲ۺϣǲңս
Ҷ˼ʱƬ֮УոʧûжõӰȴһεĳˣΣʮּǴһ˿ˣˣҶȻ˵ս
Ĳɣ֮ŲʵԽսôᰲ˵սֵͼĴӦò㷸µİɣ
ڵϵӰȻһˣ¸ȴû˿ãǣӵ˿⴩ս
һ֮Ǹɣٴ𣺡ܹӵӿռ䣬⴩енģ֮⣬Ӧֻʥ˰ɣĹ뿪ҶõнǿɲΪĹ֮еõһЩ
ӰҴ𻰣ҲԹԵļ˵ѵ㣬ĺôĻǵĽҶĹΪ˸Ļʵ̫ʧˡ
һ֣˵սŶûаãɣҶսβĻɣԿǸĶսλãҾн֮Ҫøӵǿ󣬶޵е̬ƽƽĶɹս
ӰսսĿڵǴˣܣĶսλãҪǼˡ
޷ȥɣ
ȻɳһƴСĽ⣬ӰС
Ӱٴһƺɽ˫ֲǿĽס⡣
⿪ʼɢϡԿһССľᣬ渡ϵ֣̽Ҳʶ֣ȴ֪ǡ


1801 ˲л
Ҷ뿪磬ǰٴγֳĭղûϸۿȥȴۻҵĸоΪĭʵֱ̫࣬޾ݣټÿĭɢȫͬĹâȥɫʷ׳ʣĿϾӡ
ȥĭɣҶĵӦþܹµжϳսˡ
ĭڶ࣬Ҷѡһĭٴγ˹ȥȻһΣȴûղ׵ľͳĭ֮С
飡
崥ĭͬʱͻȻĭ֮ɢĹâȻһɴӲĽ˳ȥ

ҶԼԴе㲻ΪʲôԴۣϸһ֮£֣ԭĭΧһ㵭·ɢǸղײϣôЩ·Ҳ֡
Ҷֽ˼ĭÿζᱻ֮üͷ£Щ·ܲǸոճֵİɣȻôǰôɵľͽһĭ磬Ȼȴȥأ
ҶҪҵոսǸĭϧȴҲҲˣΪ۾ȻҲЩ·֮ʧȥЧÿĭ֮е
֮£Ҷֻܼԣھϰٴεײͷ֮ڳɹٴν뵽һĭ֮С
𣡡
ûҶԼδͺȻһĺдߴ˾һɿ񱩵쫷һֱӴ˹ȥ
ڿеɳʮ׿⣬ҶͣΣȵվ˿Уۿȥ˿ԼǰȻվһֻɫϻ
ֻϻͣҶ뿪Ĺ֮ʱǴ֮Ưŵʬ壬޴˼£һ㡣
Ҷڴžа׵ĸ߶ȣƽӹȥŵֻ޴׻Ĵȸ
ݣ
Ҷعֻ׻ͻȻ̧צӣݺݵץҶצڿлͬʱ˴Ƭѷ졣
òʥް׻ɣ
ҶȻðһ˼ͷæԿռ˲֮Ҫ뿪ƬȻ˫ĿȴȻԲ˲֮ȻʧЧˣ
䣡
ֻĻצֱӾͺݺݵŵҶ֮ϣѪ䣬Ҷٴεɳȥ絽ȣѪܵ˿ڣɼǣ
⻹Ƕֻ޻Ҷʵ̫СԶԴץõΣգȻĻѾһʬ壬ͻΪϻʳ
˻
Ҷ˿ԼǿȻֻϻһצֻ֪ϻǿ˺ֵز
ڿУ֦ҩȪͬʱͷų̹⣬Ϳ˿ۿɼٶȷɿϡ
Ҳ֦ҶڵֻҪ겻弴ȫʧҲǿĻȥ
Ҷû˿ϲãΪղ˲֮ʧܣһΪϾ⣬ǾĭĿռ乹ɣԶԶǿ죡
ÿһļ̶̳ȻҲͬڵҶ˵˽磬൱ֽĽһ΢㴵׵˺硣
ôĿռҶ˵࣬൱שʯĹ죬ƾҶȻܹ׵Ļ顣
Ŀռ䣬ֱ൱ӲĿʯһ㣬ҲҶȫ֮£ܹ΢һ㣬Ҫͬ׵ʩչռ䷨֮ǲܵ£
ȻĿǰΪֹҶ֪Ϊʲôͬ磬ͬǿԿ϶磬̶̳ȿ൱߸ߵ죬ͷ޴İɫϻҲʥް׻ֻһֻͨϻ
ֻͨϻĻǶҶ˵鷳ɾ͸ˣϾĵһ˭֪᲻
˵ģֻϻҶСͿˣ
ͷոճ֣Ҷ̲סص̾˿ΪѾֻ޻ֻλƵĳֻͬѩ׵ϻһֻһֻС
ϻһˣҶЦŵֻôôС¶ģοأ
ȻѾܵвҶҲǾ˵ˣ˵Ƿսս֮һôϻȻҲĵˣҪߵĸԶ⿿ܶܣǾǲеġ
ˣҶѾ˺ɽΣҲҪԼĿǰʵмＸ
Ҷ׼úϻһսʱͻȻһ⣬ǧɵĽͬƬȫ˺˿һ㣬ݺݵֻ޴İ׻ϣ


1802 
һ⣬ҫҶ˫ۣǰֻʣ°ããһƬһɿֲϢȴĿܼ£ʩչ˼ޣƴȥΪģֻΪϢ֮ľ롣
ԭܼ򵥣ӵϢ֮ǿ󣬸Ҷܿġ
׹ɢҶҲ֮ӳľһˣȻҲʮͨһֲҲһվȴҶ˫Ŀʹ֮С
Ҷ΢΢ƿĿ⣬ſֻ޻ֻ˿ǶѾÿһֻϻ嶼м룬Ѫڵϻ۳һƬССĺɫ
ʱ˵ͻȻҶĶ𣺡
֮ϲޱκθ飬Ǽ򵥵ĸ֣ȴҶص£˺ǿ
ȻԷǿҶȴûκεη壬ΪʶǿˣǸ޾裬ò޷ˣȽǰˣǸȻżĲԣҶԾɱƽĵǰǣ
ȻҶƽķӦҲ˸е⣬ȴֻϻҶСһﵨɫһģȻʵﲢĵطôᱻ͵
͵
ĸҶ΢΢һԼԼģǱͽģѵ˵˶Ǳͽģ˵Ǹÿ˵ʵֲͬͬ磿
뷨ҶȻʲô֪ǰˣڷս˽⣬϶ҪԼ࣬ҲԸŹôһõĻᣬԸıģǰǣ
죿΢΢ü۾ضѣ˷֮Ҳûᱻ͵֮簡
ҶܺãԴ˿˵ÿһֶȻеɻҲǸˣֻǸʲô˼
ڣѾ׵תӦۿҶ˵Ҳ֣Ҷ˿̵˫ȴûʹ֮Уܹ˵òҲˡ
Ȼ˵ĿⶸȻһӴϢͬɽһ㣬ݺݵײҶΪǱˤ˳ȥ
ͬʱаһ⣬Ŀ֮ԻȣΪԼĺɽ
Ԫ˶ĽκĸֶżοѾ
ҪҪɽĻҶûܹסо˲
ɽٿȻһâҶڣҶɵҲȶȻղǹϢײ˵ˣɫҲԵе԰ףҩȪ֮£ûʲô󰭡
ҶѾɢȥΪѾˣǾӣ
ⲻ˵Ķ֣ԷֿԼĺɽΨһܹסɽİ취ӣ
ҶӣǼ򵥵ӣֱ磬ֻпܰѶԷ
Ҷ׼ʱͻȻ˵ĿбĳǲҶ
ҶѾ΢΢Ľż⣬ͬ壬̾;ֹ˫Ķˣ¶˲˼֮ɫ
ȻҶ֪Լܳǽڷ磬죬ǰ˵ʵԲط϶ڸߵ磬ȻܹһڵԼ֣ίʵҶе˾ȡ
ת˲ǣҶϹ壬۹Щݹ죬ôʶԼҲʲô¡
ҾҶһҶˣҲʮֺ棬˵Ǻηʥ
˺ȻЦЦˬʼҶеǹѹҲЦʧ١
˵Цͣ£ԾɴЦ⣬Ҷһ϶ûңҲôһˣȻᶼᣬʵ̫ˣҽϹҰʦǺѣ
ϹҰ֣Ҷ˵Ȼû˿ӡ󣬵ǵˣֵĻǵۼ֣еͷ۲ѡ
ϹҰ־ǶʵĸҰ
һƽӹ֮ǹȴǳҰԵˣȻʵҲǿޱȣһ֮ս˰ܸ֮⣬һΰܼ
ҲΪһܣΪѣթ֮䣬Ϊ⵽֯ȪĶ֣ΪѱӲһ֮ɱĻȪ֮˾Ȼٳ֣֪Ұʲôز
ȻҶ֪һУϹҰһ仰ȴ¶˾ϲɫ


1803 Ϸ
ȷϹҰԼʦĺ֮ҶȻ˽䱸˸طϹҰЦҶļΪʦܣ
Ϲǰ
ϹҰҶСʲô˼ǴʦܣǴѣ㺰ʦ֣ǰǲǾҺϣϸ磡
ΪϹҰ仰ʱҶеľϹϸ磬ʦ𣿡
ȻǼˣϹҰ¶ЦݣտʱһΪأû뵽һȻթɺ޵ȻҲڹһɵȥһȪ𣡡
ȻҶδۼһ£Լʧ꣬Ȼ˳ߺǵǰǸ棬Ȼʮֵ𺳡
Ҷ׷ʣϹҰѾ˵֪ʦֵ֮ܺãģڻźܺãȥ֮Һһǰ˻ȪܲϧѾȥ¥գҺֿ̽ȪϢ˵üĿʱ򣬷սͿˣԸ񣬿϶Ҳ˷սҲǻл档
Ҷ˵ȷǸϢȺ󡰼ʦʦֽʦ㣬ĺټЩϢȻδ˵Ҷ֪ȻԼһʦŶǣңߣҲһַŲµִ
˵Ҷϸҿ㣬ȻĲӦñ͵֮簡
ȻϹҰ⣬ҶȻҲͲˣɴĽԼľһԵ˵˳ĩʵϹϸ磬ҸǱͽģԼģ֮ô£ܸϸĽ𣿡
ϹҰЦݣĿҶһۺͷȻҲǵһβμӷ֮սУڷ֮սȷʵ֪Ҫȵ͵Ҫһ㡣
һЩأ˲²սǸ߸ϵŪһֲԣ˵һĿľѡʸǱʵĸ֣һĿģҲΪ·ҲģĿǰδ֪
ȻΪķսôսڵһȻҲֿٳģҶĭ˵ˣҲһĲͬ硣
ܹģҶ˵ҲǸ޴һ£ǶˣϹҰʵѾﵽ˼ͻƵĸ˵ʵܼ򵥡
ʹ취
෨֮ʹ취ȻҲ֮һ취򿪱磬ܻô򵥡
ȻھĴ̣ǾͲö֪ˡ
취ʵ־磬ûȫգҲӴˣӦüʦֵ磬Ǵ취򿪱ٳġ
ϹҰͣҶʱȻʣֲûһĴڣԭЩ˴취˿ٳġ
ֻҶҲһɻǾԼûմ취򣬵ԼѪİȴҲһ磬ʲô
ɻҶûʳô˵ϹҰʦֵĺѣЩҲ֪
ʲôǵ֮أ
ÿǴԴ취򿪱ٳģڵĵĶ٣˵ǿĹҲͬ
˽磬ڵҲ٣죬ݾĲͬĴҲȻҲԽĻҪڷ˽׵Ķࡣ
Ҷͷʮ޳仰ȻԼڷ˽ʱͿʼڴֵԭʼֱɵģҲ˼Σգ죬Ӵ͸򵽵ĵԽ࣬ԼĵԲ
һĥḶ́ԽãȻԽ״ĥ
һ˲ͬĻ֣ǵ˵˽ǵһ֮磬Ϊֻ򵥵ĵһĵ˻졢죬ǵ֮磬Ϊ൱һ֮ںϵһԴƣ֮֮ںһ𡣡
Խ磬ķ֮Խǿ󣬿ռԽȶҲΪʲôǲǰĸԭΪǣ廹Ӧ磬ȥ磬Ͷ䶼пܻٵ硣
ҶͷԼĭ֮Уռ䷨֮ܵ
ҶϵܣʵνķսҿϷҪⳡϷø˼ȻҪֵƣʲôʵʲô磬ԭڽ֮󣬻ᱻʵƥ硣
͵ĻУ㣬ֻܱ
ϹҰ£ҶǰٴγһƬããĽ⣬ͬʱһɺ⣬˲佫ȫ


1804 ʮ˧
ããĹâٵһ̣Ҷܵļ˺ɽԺԪԼ
ɼˣҶ֮ԾɸоһʹһѪѾɽԪȻ޷ֵסһƬ⡣
ϹҰҪɱԼ
һŵͷҶӿľʵľ޴࣬ûܹ
꣡
һҶĶߴһϹҰҲ𣺡Ʒ䣬㻹Ȼ˷սУǲ׷ˣ
ǰİ׹ȥҶҲŤԼѾӲĲӣžԼԴԶĵطһһߵͬһľ޴ڷŤ壬Դλãȴһ޴˿ڣҺ塣
ӣȻͬɱһ㣬Զ֮УǿԶڵ֮֮УԼȴû˿Ĳ
ҶٴӿһΨһеңҲģϹҰҪɱԼǷֻĳӣԲŲִٳɱ
ʱϹҰҲҶԺ𣺡ƷǻȪʮ˧֮һ֪ʹ֮϶ʲô˵Ĺϵɰްٺ١
ʮ˧ʦִйϵɰޣ
ҶϹҰһ˿ֻζ
һϵеҶԺ֮ðţǰʮ׿⣬ͬˮһ΢΢𵴣һĻŮ֮֡
Ů˳֮⣬࣬ΪΧһƬɫЩɸָĳɡ
Ҷİһμʱ򣬹ҲƵĳƻ塣
ȻŮӾǻƷ䣬ܹ棬ѿӦǳ壬Ҫ֪Ҳǳ壬ͳ֮ȻѷǵУԳŮ˾ȻڻȪҶҲɰ仰˼
漰ʦͶԷ֮ĶԹҶû˼ȥԡ
ҶϵܣŮеѲҼȻˣû׼Ȫˣһҿûо㣬øϽ뿪ߵԽԶԽãҸȫĵطҽǣȥ㡣
ãϹϸ磬Լģ
ҶҲɵϹҰͻƷֵ֮սɲܹģΪ˲ԼΪϹҰ׸ȻԶ˵ء
ȻҪߣҶȻһ˿Σû뵽Լһ죬ȻҲΪ˵׸
ҡҡͷҶתߣƷȴûпһ뿪ֻĶϹҰһ
ϹҰҲһֱҶߣֱӵ˰ȫ֮ųһĵҪûƷ֪СǴʦܣٺ٣¸ӺˣĻƴøƴ
Ҷһνʩչ˼ޣ֮зıУֱĵһ֮󣬲𽥷ΣȻͣ¡
֮磬˵ȫҵ˴룬УҪ취뿪ȥʺҵսȻĻֻܱɱ˵ϧղ̫æϹϸ磬ôǰ硣
ϹϸĻ˵֮⣬°ڣڽսͬʱͱ͵Ӧսûйľϵ׷ʲôأΪʲô֮ǰܹĭ磬Թߵݹۿأ
ѵǹԴĹе
ҶмûиκˣȻҲûлᣬǾ֮Ĺǰһ£Ʒײһʱǽһ½롢Ī硣
ǶеľҶоΣƫƫôʵֻ޴ĿƲ۾۾˶Լ˵Ļ
ԵİɣûãȻѾġպϰɡ
뵽Ҷü֮ȻֳһɫĲεķţǻһ㣬Ȼһ˿
Ӧҵ͵֮ɣҲΪҿĭ磡
𣡡
һ޵ĺ֮ͻȻҶԺ֮дһȵ˲ӿġ꣡
ԣӿ꣬ӿ壡
֮ϴĳʵ֮УҶü֮һʹҪԺ֮У˺üĳһ

ʹԽԽңҶ̲סһ𣬡䡱һһüӿѸٽʼձǰһ̣壬ͻأʧˣ
ҶʧͬʱԭվĵطȻɢһȦȦ

ֿһӰԻ֮ϺȻĹˮ飬ҲΪЩˮ飬òֻղţҺ񿴵һǵģֻҪʹմϹϵˣôĹŹ֣


1805 ҽ
ҶȫüĴĽסͬʱʱݷֹͣŪ׵׷ʲô£һ̣Ѿ뿪Ǹ֮磬ٴĭ֮⡣
ʱҶڻع̧˫֣ԼϵĽ⣬Լצģ
ǵģ֮Ҳֻ۾͸ҵĶѹὫڵ֮ߣӦƲɣ
ҶЦҡҡͷȻӵһ֮ǸղǸ֮ľȴû˿ĵͷ
ϹҰǻƷ䣬ֻϻĿǰܿĴڣ仰˵ڵ
Щˣ취ҵǣӦǶ˵֮磬ټڶӵȵĺϻ꣬ǵʵʱ϶ΣգֻҸҵأЩɶһ簡
Ҷ۾ͻۣϵЩĭ֮ѲҪ͸ĭе磬ϣܹ˳˵ټܣɵҲ޷͸κһĭǴ֮ۡ
ȵȣȻ֮꣬ô֮ܲͨӦ֮أ
뵽Ҷĭ֮ǰ˫۽գü֮ĽⶸȻǣת˲֮侹ȻĻһɫӴޱ޼ʣһ˻𣬽еĭ綼
֮ҶȻ۾һҵˣ
ţҶҲڿնһýһ㣬ֱӳλ޾һĭ
ۡһһΣҶȻûܵκ׵ĳĭ֮С


˳³һΪѵ̧ʮ˸ѪɫУҲԵ˵ϣ̯֫һһ
ǰԲǧ֮ڵĴ֮ϣһ߾״̿ʬģҲģȻǱն
֮˳Ŀڷ΢֮һˣѾǵϮˣЩ˺ʵҲԽԽǿǷս𣿹ȻΣķ֪ôˣ
ﬣ
ȻһĽ֮˳𣬾Ȼͬͻһ㣬̤˲׿⣬ͬʱʮ˸˷ѪҲٴα鲼ܣǣͬʮ˸֧һ㣬
Ӧ
˳ղµĵطһӰһŮӣȻޣ˫֮ȴ͸һ죬һɫı
˳ƽ˫ĿŮˣзɿתͷѾǿ֮ĩղŶԿϮľ˼ȫڶʧȥӦеľûзŮ˾ͲԼߣȻԷʵԼҲӦֻ߲͡
ںͺǵͬʱȽɫĴ֮˳ĪΪҽ磬ܲҵģûŪô£˵һֵϮ
һȺǣǵ׺ݣ˵ĽƻʵҲ˳ļǵǵȫǽԼڹĿˮҪСˡ
һҵɱǽȺٵȫɱһֻǵе֪й
ҽ磬֮磬Ƿսս֮һҽ֮УͨĴ󣬲λҽģҪ뵽÷ɵģҲҪ֮á
ˣǻʲôҽ֮УͬŸָ飬ֻ͵ȵһ֣ǴڵĿľɱ¾ɱ¾飬˴˼以ɱ¾
Щҽԭס֮⣬磬ҲǲμӷսˣǺ˳ľһǱֱ˴˼ʵҲ޼
ƾ˽⵽Щ˳ܿһϵеķյóۣս¾ͬһǧ;ͬ顣
˻ᱻʵӦǧ磬ȻЩ֮вϴֱͣﵽյĿĵء
ۣڰ֮Ҳ˳ĵڶϮߺõ֤ʵΪоȻһϹ֮УŹڷսȽϸĽܣյ㶼˾֡磡
仰˵н뵽սе飬Ҫǰ缯ϣȻִܹˣ֮һ
ҲΪʲôսʱ佫ܳʮ겻ȣ˳ʵҽĶҪ꣬һٸܵ磬ôһ·ͣĻҲҪʮ֮ã
ʱǸŮӺȻһЦû´ĻӦҶĺֵܣǽ˳ɣ


1806 ð
ǽڷѪ챣֮µ˳¶һЦı飺ʲôʱҶôһˣ
ŮӵͷǳˣǺҶйصˣǿûٻţȻǸȡģ²֪ɣѾ۲öˣķӦʵӣҶǳ⣬Ҿס
˳ޱ飬ȴһԷȻԼߺö죬ԼȴǺ֪飬˵Ļôʵ֮ߣɱԼ
׿ԣñֳһ⣬ҲҪ֪ɣ
Ҳ֪ҽϣһ죬ĽҲܼ򵥣Һͬǰҽģ뿪ط
˳ɫעϣзЦԼ뵽˺˺뷨֪֪治֪ģˣԼڴ˺Э֮󣬱˴˼ȻҪһŶԷνĺһЦ
ֵطѣͬͬţпܴɺ
ҲӦжʱ˰ɣƾһ˵ƽĵҽģҿ㹻ǣ㹻ҺԺƬ硣
˳ȻЦһνָղŵ͵Ϯû´ĻӦɣ
ϵ΢΢һЦһ̣ϵı龹Ȼ˲ʧ˫֮¶˺εɱ⣺Ȼǽôжϳҵݵģ
ܼ򵥣Ȼ˽⣬ô˵ڵ֮ȻǵˣǵĵȻܶ࣬ǿȴֻô˵壬Ϲ۹ȡ
УǼû¶棬ԼȻ֪ңôֻڻʹڵ۹Ϲ
࣬ȻҲų۹пܣղ͵ϮҵķɱһģһҾʹ󵨲²һû뵽㻹ĳˡ
Ȼ˳˵ɣÿ˵һľͻ³һ㣬Ϊɱ֣Ȼֻǵ͵ϮɱǾȻ¶ݣԼ˵죬֪üơ
ɱ֣ӵĿ£
˫һ̯ðɣȷҾɵɱ㣬û뵽ʶˣأڵ㣬һӶٲ˰ɣھԵǰЩıҲû˿ˡ
˭˵ģ˳Ȼ΢΢һЦĻʱ򰡣
ʲô
ɫ䣬μתͬʱҲǱɫֱӴԼ
ﬣ
һֻ׵ľͽĽס޷ѳ
Ҷ㣡
϶ȻɿתˣȻ촫ǰȻһһߵ˫ɫ棬֮УݷӳճԼŲҰ׵ס
˳ԭ㻹к֣϶ȻͣΣ֪ԼѾ֮Уֻ벻ͨʲôʱõ󷨣ڵѾĴˡ
ǵģǲܲˣҸղŵȥʱҾѾ˵£óһ󷨣󷨱ΪԱõģû뵽ڱˡ
˵仰֮˳ͨһ˵ϣʮ˸˲仯ʮ˵âڣҲŵȥ˻֮С
Ҷϣֱӳ嵽˳ߣȷֻ߻֮󣬱ͳҩ˻ȥΪĶĻԣԶָĻпͻԼļޡ
һʱ֮˳۾ȻȿľҶžͿԶͬڵϵϡ
˳Ҷųһû˰ɣ
ûˣôûɱ
Ҷص̾˿˵Ǵ֮ӳģҳ֮⣬һͬ飬ֻҪܴҵͬ飬ͻܲġ
Ҷ˵ʼһ޴вʱ޿ֲֻ̲֯ȴԷܲӰӶҲ֯ôӿ£ϵ²ˡ

ʱɱһɱ֣Է֮֮еõղû˵ĺ֪ȫһ
˳˵ͷܹĻðҲֵõģˣô
ԹԵĿʼʶԻȴ˭Ҳûע⵽ϵŮӣһ˿ײ΢Ц


1807 ·Ǯ
Ҷ˳Եľֱһ֮󣬶ڷս˽ȻҲǸһ¥
Ƚ뻭磬ҵ֮ȻǴһǰķ硣
ҶĿǰҪ飬Լ˵ֵܺѣŲµִڵ֪˳ľ֮󣬸ҪҵǣΣķķսУʱ̶ɥΣգֻдһ𣬲ӻȥĿܡ
Ҷ˳Ȼûʲô飬λʱȴǺȻЦſڵҶܿҵҵͬ飬ôҲܴҵ֪ͬйѪһŵһЩ飿
ϵĻո£ҶѾ˲ǰ˫Ķͬôܻ֪Ѫһŵ飿
ΪѪһţϵħ죬µҶÿ˶İɱ֮ϣԴڻ֮콫ɱΪ˵ۼ񣬴Ӷ֪ͨǣǱ㿪ʼռйѪһŵϡ
˳Ȼʵϣ˵ʵǿôеĵλͬҲߵȥЩϣ²ʸ֪İɣ
Ͽ˳һۺĵҶ˵ˣҵ֪ͬݱҪߵĶ࣬Ȼʸ֪Щˡ
ҶĬƬ̺ôͬҽгǧô֪ͬ鱻͵ĸ統У
֪ԭҲ㡣
֪ĸ磬ô֪ǰ
ҽĵĴ͹ȥһڵ磬Ĺ磡
Ҷüͷ˳Ѿһʵôɣ
սеսµУʵҲŹɿѭľʵλҲụ࿿ҶǴӽŽǿ磬һǰĹʵͱҽҪǿһ㣬ʵҲֻǿһ㣬Ȼ̫Զˡ
˵˶˳˼һ£ǼΪͬȻҪǿķ磬ôһ·ս϶ԽԽǿԽԽ
ãǾȥĹ磡
ҶҲûн˳뻭磬Ǵ˾ҽ֮Уĵشȥ
սܹһҲǲͶȻȷΣķԽĻ֮£Խܼ˵Ǳÿһεþ֮˻࣬Ӷʵ
㣬ϹҰ˵սǸ֮ء
Ҷʵҽеĸ˺һ·֮ϣûг֣˳УȻɱԼʵ
ʱֹȥһ£ۿҪҽģٴξɱ֮˳ʵΪԼѾ˷֮ıԵ
ڣҽĵĴѾңң˵ʱ˳һ˹ȥ
˵ʵҽµľȻȷʵ˾޴˷֮ıԵԡѪսȴظеҪ뿪硣
Ȼ˳ִﴫʱ򣬺ȻһԶԶվס
һ׳֣֮ߴ׵ľ޴ͬһСɽһ˳ǰ˫̯Ҫ󣬱һƷʯ
һ仰ʱȫסҪʯ
⵽ǷսеĹ涨˵ǿռ˴·Ǯ
˳һ֮ʵΪʲôҪʯ
׳һأҼүµĹأ
ȻռˣԴҪ뿪һˡ
ⲻҶЦԷǣίʵûϵܵսҪһѵˣ
ԵȴһЦ˶Ϊʴˡ
ϵĻҶһƺŮŲٵܣʱҲע⵽ˣڴǧ׷Χ֮ڣɢɢĻһЩˣڰҡ
˿ЩΧŴ˴˼䱣һľ룬˭Ҳû˵ֻǲϵĿҶǡ
Ҷɨ֮󣬾֪Ӧöսˣ֮Ի¾ǱһƷʯ·Ǯסˡ
ܹҽطһ·ĵЩˣʵȻȥȴһεֻ˵ǲ׳үĶ֡
˵ʵҶϻŽʯҪ鷳ĻԹԽǣܿϧҶɲһЦʲôƨأһأ


1808 
꣡׳һЦ˵ȻֱӶҶˡ
׳ֱ֮ϺȻһɫƬұʮָֻɭɭצ˸Ҷֱץ
壿
Ҷһھ͵˶ԷҲֻϹ顣
⻹Ҷսеһʽ˽֣ҲԿԼʵԸ㣬̧־ӭȥ
飡
צཻͿ׳̼Ͳѷ죬źȻը˿ѪĽ
Χڴܵһȫվ˫۾ĿתĶŽֵˡ
Ҷ֪׳ϾжϹӴĲ࣬Щ˶죬ʮ׳еүϹһǿȺ
ҲΪʲô޷·ǮͬʱȴҲҷԭ򣬿ڣͻȻðҶӶԷҾȻһ֮£ͽ׳ֱ飬ھڶ׳һȺսˡ
ȻĵףЩ˶ΪҶΪкãȴûһ˸վԮҶΪǲţҶܹλү֡
ȻҲ뵽ҶˣȻĻһƾԽ׳ֱ
׳зһҺһֱֻѾȫʧ֮Ѫ죬ĶҶңããˣ
̨ô簡
һͻȻԶţͿһɫ۵˱˫֣֮Ȼ֣һҶ
ĳҵĹӸһⱦҲɢδһ㣬̶̼·ľ뾹ȻǷ
˳֮ΧվֵˣȴǲԼͬٴȥû˸ۿˡ
ҶȴעˣȻޱ飬ȴ𶯣Ϊ˵ʵȷΪǿ
֮£ԿԷѪ磬ü֮ʱʱĻһΪϹȻǿҲ˵Էٵֱһǿ
ʵԺۼ࿹⣬ѹЩ˻ηˡ
ȹ龪ȣҶȴûη壬һЦռݴȡ·Ǯ簡
˵ѾߵҶǰ治֮ɨԼµĶϱһֿۣ˿Ҷ¶Ȼ֮ɫ˵˭ôأԭ㰡룬ǽҶɣȺ˰ѩܷ壬ѹ֣ѹ֣
ҶڵҲǼΪ˺Ҷſ֮ļ֮⣬û֪ʵòԵ˵Ҷ֮¶֮ɫ͵͵ĿҶ
ҶȴǲΪ⣬ȻԷϹ壬ôȻ֪ԼҶԷлʵᣬʵûнԼ
ӣҪΪ˱ˣ
ҡҡͷǾ㱻ˣк͸ϵҲһС䣬Ҫ׬ʯѣϧƫƫҪҵĲ·ҾͲˡ
ô
ҶʵͦģʵҲȷʵɣ򹷻ҪˣҵˣҲûʲôˣԡ
˵ͻȻһָһڹⶸȻû׳Դ׳ҽжԴֱӱڹ飬˵ϡ
ԣҵĶȱֻŹֻҪԸҿضҾͲƽˣ磡
ǰ˶Լ¾Ȼԥľɱ޲езҶȴĿ¶ɱ⣬ĵֻҪ㲻ҾΪ㿴ض
ʼȻǲҾֽ£Ȼ˩Զҿض

һ𶯵˾Ϳһ׳ڹͻȻ˵ϣľͷȻһĶͷ˵ļ֮ϣֳͬһԴʮֵĹ졣
ȻղžϵĶͷ׳Դ
Ȼǰ֮󣬾Ȼд֣ڿˣ
СɣˣֵƢϲŭ޳
Χ֮˴˼Ϊϸ΢֮ҶĶ䣬Ҳ࿴ۺɱ֮ǰǲǸñ
Լ촽¶һ˿ЦҽֻһС䣬϶û̫䣬ǹ壬壬׾һˣ룬֣Ӧòİɣ


1809 ԵҶ
壡
Ҷû˵һ壬ȻѪ֣֮ô֪һȺڵʷ֮ƾãڹӲд֮£Ȼķչ֮񣬸޿ɹ
οղ˵ĶԻ˵ĺи磬Ѿ죬Ǿ˵һȺݹ졣
ǿǿҶȴû˿ľ⣬һЦ̤һѪʴȣȺ𣬲ҿûѪǰôǹ֮·ʹ㿪ʼ
񣬵ҶȻ˶ԼĶǲǳ⣬ֻ˳϶ޱ飬ϿҶĿ֮ȴһ˿֮ɫ
һҿʼǾɣ
ͻȻ֣գȻҽգ˲˿ռ䷨һ޴Ŀռѷ֡
ҶҲһҲǼΪǿ֮ͬв˵޵УԼֹУûܱȵùġ
龪ҪҶ޾̧ͬӭȥ
飡
˫ཻײӲޱȵϡײһһ㣬ֱ˵Ķжһ֮
˺һҶԭز˵жǳ˾ȣȻ˴˶͹˶Է
˵Ҷǿͬ޵УȻ鴫ʮֺ棬㵽ģҪ֪ҵǴСʥ֮Ѫнݹģ
ҶǿȫԴͨѨλһȻܸʥ֮Ѫ壬ȻҲܽ˵ز۽ˡ
Ϯ
Ȼһʼ̾ͷȻǸͷǻһ㣬˫۵ԲŴһͷϵϳȷ˶
ƶУѾϮҶǰǸͷͷҪҶıӣͬʱһɵĺɫӹͷĿ˶֮ζΧЩˣŵһ˿ζ̲̾סΪֹŻ˵Ҷˣ
ղҶʹ˵֮ˡ
رȻܹоǶζҲӲȡ˺ɽһȥ
ﬣ
ԪкȻûнϣǾ޴ȴǽѹȥҶҲǳô˻ᣬԿռ˲̼֮ߣȭԴݺݵĺȥ
ȻҶϾȻһ˿ЦһѵԷк֣ǴʱҪջȭͷѾˣҶɴһݣȫ˲ȫȭͷ֮ϣͬˮһ㣬˳ȥ
𣡡
ҶȭͷԴʱͻȻתͷֱҶȭͷͻȻſߵǾȻֵ˶ĺ棬ͬһ޴ĺڶһһҧҶȭͷ
䣡
ȻҶһȭֱͽĿУǿҲӲĽĺһ˶Ķȴû˿ѪţҶͷ֣ԼȭͷȻ˲á

ƶĺ֮з˹ЦȻԾҧҶĸ첲ȴлҶҶ˵ˣǹ壬̶ֳȵĹɱҵģûȥ

ٴδոձԪѹȥȻֿٵ˻ֱӲҶϡ
ҶȻ֣ղִһȦһһɽҪѹԼá
ٴδЦһУٺ٣ӦǺԪɣǺööҶֱԼסĸоˬˬ
ҶȻ򣬶ȻԽһжɣȻΪУӶǿԺȻǼΪŹ֡
ǣ
Ȼѿת֮䣬ȻͬҲͷҶΧ
öҶڣҳɣҲѾ˹ͷӣЦļΪͿֲһ׹ɣ
𣡡
ͬԼڣ߸ͷͬʱ췢һҲǶֿ˼ޣԴ֮ȫֻʣ͡
ܹһеĴ죬ҧҶ
䣡
һ̣ҶеĺɽȻһǿƣеĺԪ˲Ϣ֮Ѿȫӽ֮ӿҶߣһ͸˽ȥ
Ŵ죬һŴǽҶȥʣŴ죬ȻǽǰĹͷҲ˽ȥһһֻʣһͷվ

˸ıãȻӿ³һĶԼ΢΢ĶƤ
Ҷԣ


1810 
ҶĽ֣ȫڵʯ֮䣬ܹ˽̵ֹˣûм
ֻǿҶʧֻʣһˣӣƺǸոճһٴ͡
ȻǷӦ׷ʲôɫͻȻ䣬ĶۿɼٶѸͣǲһ˫ͬʱѣ˾ͦŸֱˤڵأҶƵĶﴫԪó𣿿ϧĶ̫Сװ°
飡
Ҷ£ĶӶȻը˿ʧҶҲ³˵ǰͷ֮źɽºԪ֡
ѾֻʣһԴѾըƬֵǣȻֻѪ⣬󲿷ֵƬǻ˺̣ɢ˿С
ȴȻûԾɴŹЦݣҶǰװ£Ҹһװ£Ҷɱҵģ
𣡡
ĹͷͻȻǣſһھͽԴɵˣţȻ˴ûüӦ֮ǰ˳ȥ
һĻֵʵ̫Ҳ̫죬ҶеãȻֻĿŶʧ⵹ڹ˸ȫµʶ
ȺĹʮ⣬ȻһĴڣͿһжӶΪԼҪ
ҶӵдĺԪôղԵ֮ҲһΪޡ
ǰĻҲҶһʾȻʵ޷ɴĺԪֳǸѾǰĹˣƺӵ
ˣֳĻͻˡ
ʱϵȻͻأҶԺһ㶣תͷϵ֪壿
ϴ˿ͷȻǸΪֲ壬ʮϹ֮һʮ˼Ҹ˰ɣϹʮΪǿ壬ÿһǴʷԶ
⣬Ϊֻǵɣʵһɣܹӵбߺսем䣡
ҶҲȷΪ𾪣ԼȻС˹壺ǸǲǾˣ
ϻ
ҶüͷϵΪʲôҪЩ
Ը⣡
ٲҶԹԵ˴󣬶ıӰ˳ȻôоǹҪץסһ
ҶʼҲָоȻߵһˣǾ͸ȥɣҵҪĿʲô
Ҷ˳˸ΧЩˣϵ̤˴Źâ˱뿪ҽ硣
ֱʱ˲γѰĻع˴ܴӶԷϿ𾪺;ɥ֮ɫ
ʵĲ࣡
ۣ
ͻȻһƵ֮ĻһɹѪһſԴգЩԴ֮ϴ໹֮ɫȻҲ׵˭ɱԼ
ת֮䣬ʵǣȫ촦һҽж㻯һ߾ʬ塣
ˣ
֮дһ𵴣Ӱλó֣ˣòƽӹһϮ£ޱ飬λмȴһ˹ĿӢòϹһ˿޵Цݣϻһɫĳ֮ϣһѪ䵽˵¡
˽ߣ˴ӿл³һڳϵЦƺŨ˼֣ҡҡͷȴҶˣӣҵʵд߰
òƽӹѾߵ˵ߣӣǷҲǰ»Ĺ磿
ȻҪȥ˵ЦٴαŨ˸о崺һ㣬˵ͷȻ˽ϣΪӣܲܣ취֪ͨˣǸϵСŮʵݡ

ˣ߰ɣǰһհɱ񣬵˻Ĺ磬ԺúϢһˣ
˵֮˻һܣ΢Ц˴
˵뿪Ƭع˼žֻصʬѪɺӡ
ּžûбֶãֱһ춯صĺɱơ
ԶнݺᣬѪɽвҽ죬һʻпή䣬ȴֻиӿ磬Ϊ˸ָɣΪһϵɱš
⣬Ƿսսеһ
֪սܹߵˣһ̤޾ʬһģ


1811 Ĺ
Ĺ磬ͬһٲȻһڻĹ֮ʱ磬㣬Ρɽƣϣ
ϡ٣෱࣬ÿһ඼ǾްԵĴڣӵеʵҲǿޱȡ
˿ҶǾһƬ֮УеÿһǸߴɣ֪Ѿ˶ٵ¡
һֻ״ʯĺɫԳӿԾȥ˳˸пҲ磬κ磬ڻĹʱôչȥҲܹɶ˶ʵ硣
ҶͷֻϧЩ񿪱ٳģͬĹһصĸַ֮ӶķչԶڵ״̬ӶΪսս
ȻϲĹǽĹʲôģǲʬ壿
ҶĿһ۵ͬ龿ģѾʱˣɱֻ֮⣬ӰûҲͬĻֻܷɱ㣬Ȼ뿪
Ҷв˿Ϊ⣬ƺ׼ҶɱһЦĵˣа죬Ǿܼҵͬˡ
ϣ˵Ҷͷס֮ԼҵͬͱҪйԼѪһŵȻĻǵ³Ȼ
ԴҶ˰Ҷ˵۲ۣ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬û仰˼ʲô۲ۣ
ͲǶˣƫƫҪװһɷӣ۲۰
ˣɷҶ΢΢һЦָҲɱ㣬ǲɱ𣿡
ȻˣϵԴٴΰҽ紫ʱôˣ㾹Ȼһûɱ˵㲻Ƕˣ
Ǻԩ޳ΪʲôҪɱǣ
꣡ϷһмЦԩ޳𣿽սУκ˶ĵˣڶɱһպλ˾ͻһѵΪ㲻ɱǣǾͲɱɱĻԲûгԹҵȷˣ㲻ǶˣǸٴȱĺˣ
䣡
һ촫һԭҶһ굲סȥ·ĴֱӺ䵹Ȼתϵүү˵һ仰Ҷ֮ˣǿ˲ңҲˣǱңҲҪ£ҪԸ̬ȥһɱҵʱǾͺгԹˣʱȻɱǣ
ϱͣҶԶȥıӰһεһ˿֮ɫ
ǰչȥҶǰĺ֮˵ڴ򶷡
ϣͬɣ
˼ӿŲķ˹ȥ
дǧ֮ڵĵطǰĳҶ˳϶¶ɻ֮ɫ
ӣʵҪ˰
ǵģҶ˳Ȼѩ裬Ȼѩ豻͵˻Ĺ磬ôȻ˵ʵ϶Ҫ˳ǿ
ֻŮȴɵһĶϣ·һΪˣڶսֻڻĹеһ࣬֩룬˿ܽ;޴󣬳ף³˿쳣ͣѰϣԵ͵Ļ涼ղϡ
һ·ҶҲɱʮֻ߰֩룬Էǳ˽⡣
֮Ҷ˳еɻǣ˾ȻǱ۾ںֻ֩򶷣ȻǱ۾ȴռϷ磬ȭߣ硣
С
ȻϷһУһУ۵Ǹ΢΢һѩ˿Թ𣺡ˣ
ϵʱȻҲҶ˳ʱ˷ܵĻ˻ֵףҶ磬
ֵͬʱߵ׹ýֻ֩˸ȫ׹ɢֻ֮֩Ҳͳ˱
ɣ˳̾
Ҷ磬ôˣѩѾҶ˳ǰϲʵ
˻شѾǰгǱɫıֱӴѩ裺Сôˣ
ž
һȻҶ׵ĸУĿϵס֣
ʱѩƺ׹ʲôЦЦˣղźʲôˣҰæԻ֮
ǲ
һǸ۾ͻȻ۾ϵıҲ̼䱬ѿϺͬϲĽе㣡
Ѿĳ˹ȥСû°ɣ
Ҷ˳Ҳǿѩ裬ͬɻ󣬲׵׷ʲô顣


1812 ָʹ
ҶһȺУ˭ĵǾѩ裬βѩɵŮӣžɫòҲͬһġ
ڽս˷ֿ֮ѩƬ֣ȻΣأѾϻ꣬ӵбϵʥ۾ȫ赣ԼİΣѰҶǵʱ򣬿Σͳ
Ϊ˾µģ˲ͬ𱻾֮󣬾Ҫѩߣѩ迴ӣҲûоܾ
ʱҶ˳̲סһۣܹĹˣߣ
𣬵ȷǼΪӪһʵ֮ǿҶ޷͸
˵ҪĽ㣬ѩҲΪҶǾƬ֮УʱѰҡ
ڽ죬ֻ֩룬Ҫǰ֮ǰѩֱӽסȻ뿪ͻȻ䣬˫֮жǳѪ˿ҪѩԻ֮ٽЩ֩뽻Ը
Ȼѩ֣ȴҲҪˣǾ˸ղ˼ĹΡ
Ҷ˳ȻҲԼľ򵥵˵һ£ǹڶԷսĲ룬ѩ衣
˵֮˳̿ϣ¶Цϣ˵ʵ˰ɣ
һ㶵˵Ķʵ
˳һָģ
һ⻰ѩ跴סɱ֣
˳ͷϵĻ˵Ƕɱ֣ʵڿĵɱֵӡ
ȷǸк˵ʱŵɬʵ޷԰ɱΪּ֯ϵһ
˳ʣǸɴĵͷƺǲҺֱӣȴվǰ˫ֲǲģûкǣ෴ǵģҪûǣǲҵѪһŵټ
ҶվðɣǲģͬҲҵˣǲǿԸңѪһŵˣ
ڶҶ˰ΣȷƺĲںԼ˵֮ŵͷԣ
˵֮תȥһߣ˿ʼ̸
ҶҲǣͬԹԵһ˵Ż֮Ϻ˹ȻϿڵҶС˵ˣʦȥһΪħĵطʮΣգȥ޻أ㿼Ǻðɣһʱɱû㡣
ҶƽĿϵôȥ
ϵɴ۾㶼һ£Ϳ϶Ҫȥ
ҪȥҲҪȥȻô֪˵滰Ǽٻ
˵ʵڷսҶȤ治·֮ԻսΪĲҵԼһЩѣȻܹһҲ⡣
Ĺ֮ʦԣҶģʦǷı·ϣѾһ˿ɡ
ȻھȻйѪһŵϢʱϴηսʱֻħʦʦ㣬ѪһŵϢʵϾʦϢ
ˣΪҵʦŹκһܣ֪һ壬Ҳȥ
ģǿ϶ȥϰ仰ǰȥ
˳ǵıӰ뿪ħ羿ѩȴȻסţҶ˳Ժ֮ͬʱѩл˵
Ҷ˳عϵͻȻ˵Ժ𣬶Ƚ֣ƺֱӸԼ˴ѩΪý飬֮ٽ
ˣڼǣҵ޷ԶǰСѩԻס꣬Ҳ˵Ļᣬס۶ҽĻжôȣҲ򲻿¶һ˿һķӦ
ҺСֻһͨĽܣǾͲˣ֮ԻǽӽҲɼָʹΪǲǸ˵ĻǻǵļҲǸ̫ǿˣҲ²⣬񣡡
ʼĶҶⷬԻ¶֮ɫȻ֪⣬ҲûϵԷȻġ
Ǹ˽ǵܼ򵥣Ǵǰħȥĵطԭû˵ƺӵıĭλõˣֻҪ̤ĴֱӾܵħ磬ˣС֮ҪϿˣԾڴˣסûҵⷬ


1813 
ԶΡ׳ĳǽԼɷ˺ʿϵҶ̲סüͷħ磿
ԴϵĴ֮ҶǾװûû׷κ£˴֮ĴҲ࣬»ᱻǸʼնڰҲǱԭȵıɫͨ硣
Ҷħ磬־ӦʮΣյ磬ҪȻĹΣյĶ࣬û뵽ﾹȻгǳأ࣬ƺƽ֮
ޱĵ˵ͷħ硣
ǽܶǳصıӰҶֻ¶Ц֮ɫǱ˴˵ȴǳ˾衣
ȻǽԼ˴ħ磬ȻĿģһ뵽Ҷһĸо
Ͻܶ˵󣬽ǳأĴ֮ϣҶ˺Ȼȫͣÿ˶Բ۾Ǳͬ˹һǰһӻ̣
ӻ̾һͨרЩճС棬˿ӻ̵棬Ȼվһ°ɫɮµУЦͬһŮ˵Ż
пܸ˵ӣ̸ЦǸŮˣȻһ㣬ʮ˿ҲЦݣʱʱĻᷢЦſе۹ҲԽӵ͡
ںкǸŮ˵ԱߣһʮһεĿǣ⣬ںеĽ£ſһֻѪɫĴ󹷣Ĳͷ֮ɫ
ͺǣ
ҶǸû뵽ȻͺǣҸ޷ܵǰȻںŮ˵Ц
һ̣˳Լе㲻ˣ̲ס۾ȷԼûпСĵ⻹ǸʥҺǵ÷Ҫ徻ŮɫİѲ˷ģҪҸŮ˫ޣ
Ϲ˵ʥӣôܻᶯأѩȻ˵Ե㡣
ҶҲĺߣڰڴɱ䣬ҲҪ׽ܡ
˵Цݣ̬ºͣȻİȷ൱ܹԵĺøС
ҡҡͷҶԼ˰ͺǵĶС
Ҷ
ͺͬʱһ㶣̶ͬʱҶǶʱһɸߣֱԽ׵ľ룬һĳ˵ǰ
˫ֺʲǸŮЦŵ˵ͷҵˣ⼸߶ˣ͸ǣڡ
Ժ㻹𣿡Ůᡣ
ĺΪң½ԽԵԺԵԻټĵ
ңһ־ûµʱģ㲻Ļͣ͡
Ůߴͳһɫ־ֻϷˮԧ죬ͷݵ˰ǰȻԥ̹Ȼ£뻳УٴζŮ˺ʮһҶǡ
һĻҶǶɵˣ
׳յҶܿĳǸŮ˾ϲ˼еݣһͳΪȻȻˣ
Ѿͷôôɵ˼ǳˣ㻹˼
ӻλ̲סԼŮŮȴֻЦ
ȵߵҶǰϵϾȻȿڡָŰǸɣ˵㣬һУΪʲôҪúõȥ˼Ůӣ
ɫ̹ȻϵָҲ΢΢һЦνǣԳϣ棬֪ǺУҺ̸˵أⱾ֮Ľ״̬ôʩĿУͱǣ
ȷнŮɫǲû˵ͲܺŮ˵˰
϶ʱƿԣ֪λش
ˣ˵ЩˡҶǵĶԻǣôһ𣬶ҵ
˵仰ʱҶĿһۣ̺ʾĵҸ㣬ȿɲ֪ǻ
Ȼ˵ĹΪľǸܼǵ񿴵ġ
ҶţͺǣӦòʲôɺϣͬҽ˳ڻĹѩһҲҲȱźõġ
ȵһ̤ȽɫĴţ磬Ȼɱ˼ͽǵǣǰ˰˵ǵٶ̫˰ɣôڲŵ
ȻҲΪǶͬһ磬ֻڵĵطͬѣԲŻš
ҶҲûȥͺǽͣǿ˰ǶҪսΪʲôܵ
ԥһ²ŵΪȱٵһ꣡


1814 ȱ
Ҷǳ֮ڣ˼ջȰȻۼһϽħڡ
ǳûжԶһħͨ˵˵ǹסŵĶǹʵһ޴ľ󷨣ۼʵǿ˵Ǿۼ˵Ǳ֮С
󷨣ҶĲֻ֪࣬ƺȫģΪżҲеĴڻ뿪ǰĴɱˣڿħͻĪҲһЩǿʿ
Ǵħ뿪Ĵ󷨣ħУԵǽˣҪǰħηսҲϴηսУֻħڽֻ֮뿪ˡ
֪ȫħˡ
ϵ֮˳˼֮У֮˳ſڵȿԿ϶ħΪٳ˲뿪ħĴ֮⣬ҲӦڵĿģΣħһ壬ǲò
ŵ磬Ҳǿд˲ٹħ󲿷ֺʩ˵һֻһʱ䣬ԽԽࡣ
ڰ˵ʱ˵ԺвֳָλӻŮΡ
ȽսľҲûʲôģʹһϵڸ֮дΪͶʧֵ֮ĸӦڤڤ֮Уħ硣
ټϣҲֱ͵ħ磬̰֮ϻʵ˵ҶԲѿħսΣԵȷ
Ҷǳ˺ѿռ䣬óۣħӦǽڵ͵֮硣
˵˳Ҳ²⣬ħĴ籾ĵȼҲڲϵٹһʱ䣬ֱܻܿӳΪ֮硣
ô˵ħ˿϶ҪȥģԾǳ֮죬״̬
ȻҶҲԼ˽ģϣӵʱ䣬ûпܵǬǣΪǵʵ˳£սҲӦǱ뵽˴ͬ磬ôһ˳ĻпҲħ硣
ҹ㾲еĴ󲿷˶Ѿ磬ҲֱڸԷ
ͻȻҶ˫һѾ뿪˷䣬˿ջ֮⣬ǰһ򼲳ۡ
Ȼ֪ҶͷҲصĵӻˣ
ҶһӾǸݳһЦݣߴŮˡ
ٶȼ죬գ֮ѾǼӻ̣˿ȻܾĵһƬƽ˾ҶͰʵȴȺо˱ǶŨѪ֮ζ
Դӵ˻֮󣬾ܿ˵ƣ֮Ҿͷӻ길Ů˵϶Ѫƣ뿴ܲܰǣҲʱʱ飬֮ҷϵѪʧˣȻԷһ˷ӡǡ
ɫƽ֮ƺ˵һɵ飬Ҷ˽ļҲûô㣡
ֻҶڰİοʵǱ˭
ǽӻ֮󣬰ȻţȻ˿˿Ĳͼóŭˣ
ǰһѪϴ磬ۿȥѪǸŮ˴˿ѾʬǼΪ̵˲Ҳ̶á
ǸŮ˫ԲĿŤ޾Թ޺Ͳʡ
΢΢ۣĺһҶ֪ΣѾֶߣȴûŮ
Ȼɱϣڶ˴ӲϢ飬ȴҲȱ֮ĵʥӡ
ߵǸŮߣӻͳһɫ̯ĸŮϣĽֻϷˮԧ죬ڴʱĴۡ
ţ˿ܻϵЩѪֱȥ˫ĿʮоĿ𣬻صӻС
һĴȱͬ绯ĵ
ҶȴϢĳӻĶ¥Ϊһĵ̾Ϣֱѡ
ӻĶ¥һͨС¥ǵҶƿŵʱȴǸоһɳǵĺ⡣
һĿȻֻм򵥵ļҾߣûκεĻɺȴҶһ˿Ϥ˵ʱ򣬶ڵɽ
ӣӦħˣ
Ҷʱ򣬺ȻǺǡһŮ˵ЦĶ𣬲һ˫ִӱס塣
һ˲䣬ҶֻԼѪҺѾọ̈̄


1815 

Ҷ֮ȻܵĻ棬˲ͽǹȫɢȻ˫Ҳ֮ʧ١
ȻתտյʲôûУ
¥֮еĺҲ˲ˣҶ֪ǸʼնûԼĵѾ뿪ˡ

Ҷ
˳ǵ¥ȻǶ쳣Ը˹ܿ죬˳һһҵߵҶߣû°ɣ
Ҷ֣ͻȻһ˿ףһ̣˳ͺǵı˲ޱȣ˳һذףݺݵĴԼؿڡ
˳ҪɱԼ
ҶһҲһƾ˳Դ˹ȥȻƿҪ˳ԴʱҶȴԥˡ
ΣܻɱԼİ
ԣһԣ
ҶΪץһס˳ʲô
ʲôȻɱ㣡
𣡡
ҲһǺȻſѪܵͣҶҧȥ
ҲҪɱԼ
ž
Ҷһֺֻݺݵס˺ǵĲӣȻ֮Ȼܣȴųǵĺ⡣
ôˣԼõֵܣȻҪɱԼ
Ҷ磬
Ҷ
ʱѩͰͻȻҶ֮𣬾ͬһˮͷһҶ˲˹
ǰӳŽͰ׹⣬Լ˫ķֱץס˳ͺǵʺǵ󣬰ͨգ˫Ŀ֮и⣬ֱֱĶԼѩͷ۾ҫ۰׹⣬һϵĶԼϢ
ͨ
Ҷɿ˫֣ԼȴҲһƨ˵ϣ֪Լղ˻þǺʵϵĻþ
Բ𣬳ǣղŻþ֮УҪɱң
Ȼ˻þҶȻӿһ˿£ղ˳ͺߵԼߣԼȴҪɱԼǽҪͷǲ˺ԼôղһʵĻ˳ڿѾˣ
ǵ˭ȻǿܹԼڲ֪֮вþħȻΣ֮
ʰ˲о֣ص˿ջҶ֮ÿ˶е㲻˼顣
ҶʵǿͬҲǿޱȣлסһȹǾȻܹڲ֪֮þʵ顣
ѩЦǸʱӦþѾ˻þʵϵĻþܹӵôǿģȹ֮⣬ֻˡ
һУѩϻ꣬þʥޣѩڻþ˽˶Ȳϵġ
ʲô
ȹһ壬ΪӣҲһԱ
˶٣ѩŵȣκʵͬʵǡǡ໥ƵĴڣͬһУҲΪʲôҪҶֵԭӦǸоȹĴڡ
Ǻǣ
ѩ軰ոµʱ򣬿ջ֮ͻȻٴδһŮЦҶֱӾͳ˳ȥǵȷһɫӰһš
Ҷ磬ôˣѩ׷˳
ҶɻĿ˵ǸղûǸЦӦþЦ
Ȼ˭Ҳû
ѵҵĻþ𣿲Уܵȥˣھȥħ
ҶϣѾᵽħΣգﵢȥ³ѩ֮˶ܵӰ죬Բȥ
һ˱뿪˿ջʹħλ÷ȥʱ֮󣬾Ѿħ
˵Ǻǵ˾Ӹ¿ȥʱȴ˿ǺȫһƬС͵ĺ󰡣
ֻǺ֮ŲĺɫۣǻۣԼ޷ȻҲ֪ħˡ
˳ȴǵͷȷһͬɽһֻ󷨵ĵȼɽǸսҪ̫߳ࡣ
еƹ⣡ѩȻһָ·
˳ѩָķ򿴹ȥڿħǧ֮ңĵطȻһССĴׯҴҲƣǺɫӦֻܵЩ΢Ӱѣ˿ŵƹ⴫
ס
ͨˣҶҡҡͷȣȫʿҶǴﵽ֮仰˵أӦħʿɣ
仰ʼδ˵ϣȴǺȻСȥӣе£뿪һ¡
ʱҪ뿪Ҷüͷһ壬˵Ȼ¶һ˿֣̿ȻˣҪĳˡ
Ҷεĵ˵ͷðɣȥɣ
ҶڴµʱﾹȻѾվˣһһŮǰ׷ԲԵߣɫأȻڵȴǡ
Ҷˣӭȥһ֮ſڵʮˣսֿˣ


1816 ħ
ֱҶǽ˴еڣžۼ׵ʱȻһͷˮ
õŴŵм䣬ǽŴӣԷֱСӡ
ɣ
ǸӭǵͷӿҶ£ԼԼǸ̫̫ߵеŴ¡
㣬ҶǾɻȴҲֻ˵
ǺүУţ׻ҾͲ˵ˣ˵ϣʵ磬Ҳϴηս֮ʱĸʿ󲿷ֶġ
ոµˣ֮ⷬ󣬲ֱվǰȺ˾ȻϴηսдǵĺˣҲ˵Ѿﴫʮʱ䣡
ү˿˵ľȣԹԵĽ˵Ƕϻˣڣֻħ壬ûʲôֱ˵ǶħĴ񣬶ǵ֮뿪ԭ򣬾Ϊħ
ΪʲôҪأ˳ʵӦ֪ﲢ磬ֻǱΪٳսʧˣҲûʲô
үӣǵҲôģʵˣ
꣬ǵϸոʱħֻһСʮʱȥǿѾĵز⻹¡
󷨣˳ڵħһ󷨣ǲиħֲ֮˸󷨣ӣۣ
仰֮˾ȵĿ⣬ŸͷСһܿ
΢ܿߡ˳ûϸ˵
үһۺŵǵ֮˴ħȫȥ޻أҲҽ룬ȴţһ죬һλǰħҰȻ˵һϢ
ħʵģħֹôɵħ磬ɵ磬ܻӰ쵽ʵ硣
λ˵ٳħˣǱģҪڷսΪﵽĳĿģֻϧʱҲֹֻٲóһ󷨣ѹħеҪػϵĲ֮ǣǵϾ֮󣬾ػħﱻΪħ壡
еѾԸˣħΪħ磬ֱﵽӰĿģУ޷㡣
Ȼ˳ȷ

ôħǾЩƿŷٳģĿģӦþΪ˻
үȻһĴȵԶԶԣλҲô˵ģ˵Ȼ޷ƵħֻҪܹػ󷨣ֵ´ηս֮ʱôĺ˻׽ħ
Ҷ˫Ŀ⣬ֱֱĶүλǰ˼ʲô֣
죬ħ죡
ȻԼʦ
ĹħҶ֪Լ˵طҲʦħָԼʲô
ˣ˵ڣĸ磿ĸɼĵӣ
ѩЦָָҶħǰͽܣǣħǰѪһţ
ʲô
еĴȫվ˫ĿⶼۼҶϣÿ˵϶ż˷ܵ飡
ħǰͽܣүʵ
ҶվүţԼڳд֣صһҾףǵģҶҾǱʦǰħģлλʮش˵أò˶ãǾͿ뿪ˣ
Ҳͬʱħһ
Ⱥ˵ϣʵ磬ȻΪʵ磬ǾȻĸԸħ磬ػ󷨣ػħʮ꣡
ݴ˽ȷֵ˵𾴺壡
ҶǵĸлȺе޴룬үæǰҶҶСѰǿɵݸлӦģ˾ͺˣСѪҲİˣħҲʧˣ
СѪҶٿȻ̧ͷ
үͷǰħǰ˵ħһСѪû뵽˼ҾȻѪΪһɡ
仰ҶԺ֮ʲôϧδץסָоҲεħ֮УԼٴ֪һЩĴ𰸡


1817 
˽⵽ԭҶħۺ֮ħĴǶԴǵ̬ҲϾҶĳֽǼϣ
үħǰµǲǳʲô⣿˳ʵ
ǵġشţΪ󷨷ʱԽԽ󷨵ЧҲԽԽҪʱʱȥ޲ʮʱħڳһΪΪʵȻδħҲƲĳסŵĿ϶кܶĴڣħֻҪǲ뿪ħҲ̫ġ
Ȼħ˳ͬħڵڣԴӳħ֮ϲƵˣһֱǴӾˮˮֻҪһȥ޲ͻĶ֡
ӾۼǰԱǿԣҪ˵ɱ򲻿ܵģǾ͵ԽԽȣˣǶ׼ȥ޲һ󷨣Ȼʣµľˡ
ʵҶᣬȻǰүţλʵӽ۷壬Լڲ֪ŵ˵ˣܵס
Ҷû˵ԼѾϣں˳һ֮󣬾̽ħ
ȴħ˷ˣү˵ԭ򣬺Ȼ洫һʧˣˣ
ţõĴű˺ݺײһ˻Żŵĳ˽ɫɷ׵ĵˣǣˣ
ʵʱѾҪ˵ʲôˣΪҶǶоһɺ˴˶һۺ̳˳ȥ
ȻҹǼ˵ĿǼѣԿĿǸոսĴ֮Ѿճͬһ㣬Ϸӿֻʼδӡ
ʱ˶ӿ˳ǰΣүɫʱһϽȥڿû
ȥһŵĺѾ˷Ȼӵÿڴڣÿ֮⣬Ȼӿһĺ˵ӱΧˡ
˵ɫüΪѿүصһŵΪҪŻᷢԭΧ֪Ѿƻ̶ֳȣ
ҶͰһۣ׼Щ֮ȥ㲻УӦÿԱȻʼնͬĺһǸ𣬶ȻһУ㣡
űȾҪһڳȥ
Ҷּۿ죬һѽסȥ
Ȼס𣬵Ҷȴڲִ֮±ǰȥԶаȣȥĺӣȻ
䣡
һ촫ķ׼ȥǸڣĹ˶ʱɫٱ䣬żĵǶը϶ǰǣȥɹӦƷû뵽Ȼʱ
䣡
죬ֻԽԽҶһ¾룬Ӧǧ׿⣬ҪƽʱĻһռ˲ƶܵڣѾŨûĺ˵˲ˣ޷͸
үɫصĵ붼ˣӳŲ˶ˣȥǡ
ȥ
Ȼһ˦֣ȻҶָ˦Ȼֱӳ˳ȥٶ֮죬˶Ŀ࣬Ҷ΢һ𺰵Ҳһȥ
˵֮Ҷ˴ȥϡ
үȻ߹ҶһŽɫķŷܹ֤
ھǸɱǵκ֮ҶڷҲ˵˽⣬ֽ֪ɫ󣬶ұÿԸǸ
ҶҲת־Ͱŷؿպã
֮òҪҷֿ֪ǿҵľӦñḻ㡣
ҶͷɫȻѾǼɴ
߰ɣ
˶ȻâһƬɫŨ֮УһҶȫð˴ŴŵļƤ񣬸оһӰﱬըҪ
ǰʱĺһҶţⳡ¾ɵģҪǽȵɽɽĲСƵ⡣
֮УǰѾˣǸСׯǱһƬڵĺɫƳУһƬûйյɫˮ棬ԶһЩģĺɫɽ壡
ǻþ
ҶȻۣȻղſľʧˣֻһƬɫͬճī֭һЩī֭֮Уÿһξһȵ
ң
Ȼãôֻۿ·ҶתͷȻһת֮䣬Ȼ֣ڣȻͬһС̫һɢҫ۵Ľ⣬еĺܿߡ


1818 
ҶһڵʲôΪʲôӵǿѹʵǿ
ڲ̽Ѱʱ򣬼Ȼı߶ϣô֮·ҪԼȫĶ࣬ҶҲˣǰȥ
ȻЩΪճһҶȫӣ˲ܷ֮⣬ٶȼ죬ɲ֮Ѿǰ֮ӰһڵԵˣһϡ
ʱڵϣ˫һֵƣ˼Ѿһ붨УƳޱȣ֪Ҷĵ
ߺȻһɫÿһĥ̴СܹŶ䣬ųһȦǸ˱
Ļ֮У಻ϵһޱȵĽϣÿһὫܵĺ˺ѳһ޴ѷ졣
Ȼͬ·Ѿãһ·֮ϸûֹ⻹ҶһμʵȷҲǿ
ϵ״̬ǿ֮ĩȻɻܼȴС࣬ټܵЩڱ˺ѵ˲ѸϣˣҪԼƬ̣Ҫˡ
㣬ˣ
һȣֱӳ˹ȥͬʱ˫ȭ󿪴ϣӳȭ羹Ȼ۳ʵ壬ȭֱӽܵĺӲĴʮ״ľ޴ն
һȻ۾ǰ¶һ˿οҶ˿οȴ˾ȡ
ȻûϵҶһͬԼ
飡
ͻȻһִֻޱȵĺɫƴӺֱ֮̽ϵϣһƺߣһѪʱ˵ϡ
֮ǰһֱɫ壬ͻȻҶм֮£ټȷʵѾ;ƿݵĵزԴⲻ͵Ϯ
͵ڵأ²֪һֱΪɬˣһ̣Ȼŭˣ
žž
סͷķֱӱϣͷڷ趯һ˫ԭɬ۾ͬһ쳣ֱֱĶϵһҶǰʧ
ҶûиϣǼǰ鿴ϵƣȷû֮ΣŷͳŵҩĿУֿ˿ǸԵˣֻ߶ѡ

֮зһҽУԼĳֶըѾ³Ҷǰ˫֮Ѫ죬ֻǣǲѪ
û£ȴǻħ壡
ã
ϱҶҲǸˣ·ȥʱ򣬺ѾŨˣҶף˴˼侹ȻҪԷˣ̫ͬҫ۵Ĺâ
𣡡
Ȼһ޺Ӻ֮дҶʩչ˼£ԼһӴԼǰ

Աߣһ𣬰ΧľҷҶ֪Ѿ˽ˡ
ӣ˳뿪ƬҶҲǶֱܻ֮棬˵ȭֱǸӴ
һȭУȴûʵʵĸо෴һɿֲĲֱ۴µĴؾҹѣһֻɫͬһĴͻȻӺ֮зɳºſͣһŨ
ҶȻһֱۼ磬һץסֻĲӣһ˺ֱӽ˺룬һɺɫѪȴʱֵĺԪ档
ͬʱǱҲһҽУȻҲĵˡ
𣬼ߣ
Ҷӿ˽ŲǰȻԸо֮вжԼȴԪסˡ
źԪ壬Ҷֳ˳ȥȻƬ֮ҶȻҶ磬ͣ£ôһֱԭȦӣ
ҶͣôܿȦӣ
ǰϰȦˡ
ӣˣܿȦӣӦҲܿ·ɣ·
ã
ߵǰ棬һС̫ںпķۣҲõĻ
Ҷ׼ϵʱ򣬺Ȼٴһϵı֮үүԲ㰡ûܾȻ㶪
үүҶһϳƬ̵ãȻһҧǻþ𣡡
ȻȻиԭ⹫ɣ⹫ˣòɢĵ
ܣҿһֱڵ㣬ô磿ѵ𣿡
ҶܣͺĽһ˶Ĺ𣿡
ˣҶȻһŭ𣺡
飡
һȼźɫȭͷͻȻӺֱ֮Ҷϣ˳ȥɳȥһɲǣȴ¶ŨŨɻ
ǡսʽ


1819 ʦִʥ
սʽҶֱڻûȫѧᣬֻǰʽǵһʽ죬ˣһǺԼȭͷԿ϶ǻ졣
ֻǣȭͷĻ棬ӦǺɫղǸȭͷĻ棬ȴǺɫ
ħеĴڣôʩչ˻ɫͬȫһսʽأ
ۡһҶѾصˤ˵ϣʱĽŵ˸ӵһԣȻĻ˾Իᱻѹ
Ҷֻ඼ھҷɼһȭ֮ǿȻҧվ֮£Բ¡
ʱǰĺ֮߳һӰһΪΰˣȳҪ߳ͷңΰӢ˲ͬһһ㣬ɫҷסݣΧһɺɫ
ֻһսҶܸоΧĺ̿ʼٵΪԷɢһǿġս⣡
ҶںԪ֮£֮ѪɫȼգȴȻѾɢԼȫͶԷս࿹⣬Ҫ֣Ǹܵˡ
ߴӰһҶͱƲѵһ˫ȴĶŶԷ֮м˼֣㣬ǣʦִʥ𣡡
ʥս죡
һսΪһ·򵽵ڰ죬һ飬ǰսھǿߣʼմ˵ļ֮УȻܶΪ϶ѾˣҶȴǱһ˿ϣϣţϣѪһŵˣţ
ǰĪѹͬһӰȻݣҶȴǱܵΪԼʦ֣ʥս죡
֮⣬֮£ûܹӵȵս⣬һʽ죬Ҷ˵Ǽ֡
ȻӰȴǸûһҶҶҲĺţʦ֣϶Ǵʥս죬ʦҶѪһţ
Ҷ˼ûңܿľһƶϣǾʦִʥǰھսʧˣûǱЩʧʶ֮һû˼ĹߣҷŵħС
һ̣ҶеŭҲԼѪһţǸӢۣսҲʵ²ΪЩ񣬾Ȼʥս쵱һߣһͳ㣬ǾԸ
ʦ֣ţһὫѵģ
ҶȻһü֮ǵɫ˻ˣһɫŶĸߴӰȥҶԼȴǳһץסԵˣȻʼȿ񱼡
ȻԿ϶ǰ֮˾Լʦ֣Ҳ֪ô£ʵƺѹסˣǼˣԼҲǶ֣ԼֻߣȻԼҪħôͻټ֮ʱʱ취ʦָȳ
ҶüĳĽɫ֮ǿޱȣҲҶĿǰĵƣǴʥҲҵ˫ȭͬʱһۿɼдȭͷ֮𵴶
ҶʱѾ嵽˴ʥ࣬Щһ˿壬Ӳǽײ˳ȥ
ۡ³һѪҶܣѾʵȷ˶ԷݣΪһУսʽһʽս˫
˴ʥսԼ֮⣬ûܹʩչһˡ
Ҷ֪Լ˶Զ֪ԼܵķԲԣΪǰѾʧȥ̫ͬĹâҲֻܼͣǰ
ʦܣң
ʦܣȵң뿪
Ϊʦһѣ
ȻҶһƬĲҽ֮ʦֺʦƺԼһޱߵĺ֮УֻԼȡ
þǻþ
Ҷһ߷ܣһ߲ϵһҽоԶֻҪͷҲܾȳһλʦ֡
һ̣Ҷһ˿ԥˡ
ҲʦִʥָѣҪҾӳ죬ҿԾȳİɣӦÿԣһѰɣ
Ҷ׼ͣһѵʱ򣬺ȻǰȻ̫䵽˼䣬ʱеĺһȫɢ˿ں֮УҲǷһĲҽС
Ҷ磡
Ľ⣬Ҷò΢΢۾ϡֻܿһС̫Լ
飡
ʲôԼؿڡ
뷨ոճ֣һů˲ϮȫҶȻһ飬˹ǰѾѵϣĺԼ
ԼؿڴһŽɫķ˿̣֮ϵĸַ·ͬһ㣬ֳ˵״̬ϵܲɢ
ҶȻסˣףղŵһжԼĻþôʦִʥĳ֣ǻþʵأ


1820 
ҶһеãˣȸѾżĺҶ磬߰ɣٲ߾ˣ
ԣ뿪
Ҷعʲô鶼õȰȫ֮˵Բ˵һŴӸȥ
Ҳ֪Ϊ̫ͬĴڣϵŽɫЧ·̣ҶҲûгκλþƽĻص˴ڣ̾ͱѾ˸˹ȥ
ʱҶŷ֣ԼؿŵŽɫѾ˺ɫ˲仯˺ڻңɢ˿
ħǰĵӣ
үҶļ򣬴޵
ҶȴǿЦûĻҶزˡ
˿̵ȴָֻǸӣͷȥһԲҶУҲǸ̫ͬĴڡ
ܿ죬ҶصУǸȻҲ˹˵⼸һֱڸתɼκӿʵѾˣֻħ˻δֶѡ
ʱ˿̣ħˣɫǼΪѿΪ˳Ѿ˵ˣ֮ĿǰûӿӣΪӱۣһȫôЩͻ᳹ӿ롣
ʱ򣬾ûܹ⡣
ĵӣħеĴҲԸٵȴˣηսĻᣬʼԼķΧɵħ磬ħǱҪ˵һؿ
үȴǺݺһŵ⵽ʲôزҲػΣԴУҪЩһսҲҪǿȥսħ񣬴һȻҲͺЦĿˣˣ
ȻҶʮүȺ˵˽ηȴȫɥڴˣɣүڴҲﲻʲôæ缴̽ħҲܹӵΣ
ʱħʵ̫ΣˣʮΪȥðաүȻܾ
ҶȴõүħѾʮ꣬ڸֵˣ֪ǵǵİȫʦ˵ֻҲƵħңǿ϶ƽġ
ǰ
ʼû˵˳ȻӳöͭǮڵϵתƬ֮ͣ£һվվöͭǮҲüöŵͭǮУȻȷΣգȴǱ֣֮
˳Ĳ֮үͬҶǽħҪȵ֮󣬶ұҪħ˸Ǵ·Ϊħ̫󣬾һƬһʯµûϤ˴·߽ȥ
ҶȻܾȻүȴмֵɣΪħ۲µ˳޲˻ȥĿܡ
һҶҲ޷ܾˡ
˿ʼæµүȴǵҶ˳ȥ
Űǰһ̳ƺԼֻ룬Ҷе㷢үȴЦǺǵĵľƣǳʱ䣬磬ͷӺ
ã
ҶҲ໰үֱһȸ֮үһĨ͵дһϵܣҶϵܰòǰɣȺ˶ڴȴħȥðա
Ҷ֪үԼȾƱȻҪ˵û뵽Ȼ˵Ļ뿪ڣүѾ˵ȻħǰĵӣܿĳǶǺӣȥΪӣȥΪʵðգ˵ȥǣҶϵܰסħһؿǵˣ֪Ҫʲôı硣
ҵʲô˵һ仰ǵҲӳΪħһ̿ʼͽˡĵҪţǼȻͨǿ㣬֪㣬ôȻԶһЩҲʹһЩ
ħ壬ʵϵĹأ꣬Ϳ뿪ÿһ˰ˣѾͬУѰػһеΣҺţһλѾŵϼһԺԸصģ˵ˣ׷Ѱһ壬Ҳ˵ˡ
ҶүĻеĺүħʦΪӣȻҪʦˣԶĻ˵ˣ̳ҲȵΪֹ룬ʣµģҴħȫ꣡
ү¶һ˿ο;ȣһЦãˣ
ͬʱһȸеľƣȻҶվү׼ˣ


1821 һ˿ת
˶׼ϣҶͬеħʮӢȻ뵽ħֻ޲󷨣ԵΣȴһ㲻١
ͣϵطӢ㸺·үûжķϻҶǵڵʱֱ˵ӢһʮˣʵҲǴﵽ֮
ӢȵĵͷǰŨŨм˿ѾʼƮ˴ڣڴڵĵ֮϶󷨣Լ˿ʲô̫Ӱ죬̾ͱɢ
үЩǵĿЩ˵һ죬һסǣɣСܣһͬȥ󷨡
ҶһǰĺҲǽϽܡ
ҶǲǸһħģȴʼռ֣ټǿʵҶֻͬ⡣
ӢӴӵħԶҪƽʱҲǼϢ֮䣬ڣܷƽﶼ߶δ֪
϶ܵģ
ȻӢͱҶҪ󣬵ǴСħ峤ǣھͼʶ棬ҶȴҪ̫ࡣ
˸ո߳ȥףѾһͷ޴Ӻг˳ˣҶΪɴһȭӲĽɶޡ
ǿӢĽĵ
Ҷֻ΢΢һЦԼڵʵԴﵽ쾳ֻҪǴʥսĶ֣޵еģ֮ҲԼںеľ˽ˡ
˵ķǻþǴʥս²ǻþΪҶϵ˾õ֤
ʱ䡱һ촫֮ϾȻһɫľףͬһһ㣬ֱɫŨ
ҶҲһߣ
үǵ׼ڴڲٻ׵֮ƿŨΪҶǿ·
׵֮͵ȵģ޷ħٻּͬٵ׵Ტֻۣ֮£ںȴźܺõĿá
ȻŨ˷϶֮ȻиָޣͬȰĴڶ˷͵Ϯ
һУҶֱ֣ٻ˰˲еߣ޴ιסֵŸֹ
ԭΪһ·ȻΣأȴϵɣƬ֮ħѾңң
ħǰĺֱȫͬ磬ŵɫ峺ˮ´Űߣụ̋ԶľɫЩаɭΣգ
ǣ
ӢһָߣȻҴͣƽĴһԶԶȥȻͬһһ㣬ԲΣһҶֻʮң֮ϱ鲼·
󷨣˳ȱ۰
ӢĴӻͳһɫķЩۣ󷨣ЩڴģȴûзƵԣһһţֻʣ¶ʮţҴһʮţ֧󷨴ӵʱ䡣
ӣộ˳еɻĵ󷨵Ӧúǿ󰡡
Ǻǿ֮ڼκ޷󷨡ӢĽ͵ˣʱ䲻࣬ǸϽǴɣ
ӢԼһҴϣߵͷһĳĺڲ¶һССϾȻվһֱֱ۵Сˡ
·ƣװ·㣬ָȷ򣬲򲻵ѵʱҪһ·㲻ˣȼ·ƣȻܹ·ҲǸħеĴָǵλá
ϽϴɣΪħһңֻǵħΧʣµ·ҪԼˡ
ʱ򣬺ȻϴĴ磬úͣ˲ʹһصĺˮֵ̣ͬҲɢ˺ܶ࣬ԶϵһЩɽӰҲģĿˣҶȴȻð˲õĸо
һ˷ֳæ˴ӢһվڴͷнһʵĳŸˣˮ棬ƶŴ뿪˺ߣʻħ
ӢһȻǼ죬ٿŴ֮ͬںпٵĴУʱİȫҲ˳һ
Ȼʱ˳ȴӵķмû˵
ʲô£
Ҳһԣħһħ壬ȴиĽѣȫûҸү˵ˣӦûи㡣
ʲôҶȻվŭ˳үԼȾƵĿˡ
ԭ֪ڴΣԲŻ˵ɳӢʮ񣬸Լ˽ħΪģܹסħ岻ȫû
Ҷ֪˳ү֮ԲԼ£ҲǵԼħģ˿ҲֻһʵǱ֮𣿡
˳ջĿ⣬ǰѾӿĺɫһ˿תתħУ


1822 
ԭ̵ĺ֮ϣΪղŵ磬ѾɢȥȴŲ˷Կ֮´µӰ
ڻӢҲЩһֳŴһȴͳһ˳ìͬˮ㣬Ө͸һȣֳìֱĴ˼ҪǹƬ
ˣ
ˮìҶͷųһֱ룬ֱӴ֮У䡱һ죬ըԭŨĺȻì̳һԲ׵Ŀն
Ӣһ֣жʱ󶨣ź֮
ʵʵȷ൱ǿˣȻʱҶȴͻȻں֮пһѪɫӰһ˫۾

ҶȻǰһѽӢӽ˴֮еϽ÷󷨡
ԭҸоõӢҶĻ֮϶ʱ¶һ˿֮ɫҪ֪Щ¼ǿͦ٣ħҲȥҪֻϧǶȥ޻أ֪ǿ
ֻеԥϾֻά֮ãڲŸոսУħĵشкܳһ·ھͿ󷨣һʲôǺ·ô죿
ԥ˳ȴǵϣ̽зʼΧ֮ȥ
Ȼ˳ĶȻͣվƺҪȥۼֿһѽסͬʱһ
˳ʱҡҡͷȻ£ҶûпȻ˵Ҳ˵Щżɵġ
ҶһûٶǶԶһҴղŵĻظһ飬ȴûκεĻӦȻһѵ˵ҴϵѾȫ˻þ
غȥҴ
һ仰Ҷ׼ߣȻֱȴͻȻסҶһͷͿһ˫ͬǳ貵۾Լһžɫա
ѩҶһЦҶ磬㲻ǿɣ
ȹԼͬ壬ͬóԻ˵꣬ҶȹȻ޷ֵôϻѩȻѡˡ
ҶӦѩѾվ˴ͷ֮ϣԶ֮ǸɫӰ΢΢һЦɸһս
ΧĿһ̷·˲侲ֹˣӿĺҲʱֹͣǰ֮䣬˼¡
Ǻǣ
һЦӺ֮дţǸѪɫӰҲ˳
һѪɫȹͷɢŮˣԭӦüΪ֮ϣȴΪ˿˿ĺʹΪֲ

ڵһμֻĳ࣬ȻıʲôĿǰδ֪
˫ͬ۾Ķѩ裬˶ܸо¶
ѩȴЦȻȫΪҡҡͷ㹦ʵ̫ʧˡ
ԭŮˣ˫۶ӵɲǣѾʼս
ѩƣȻҲЦˣЦ֮жȻ֮⣬վѩҶЩЦȴ˿ΪЦΪƽͬЦһû˿Ķǵĸо˵ѩѾסĻþ
Ȼ˵ˣأ
һͷɢĺڷȻ޷ԶȻʼ岨ţһӺ´һ˫˫˺棬ץ˳Сʼ˷ҡΡ
ҡΣҶ޷ȶʼҡΣͷޱȣ⾿ǻþǺأ
ʱѩͻȻǰһֱվСǰ棬ͬʱ˶ܿѩֳһɫβӰȻѩѾ뵽˺ϻ״̬֮С
ѩһСҡʱֱֻͣҲʧ٣Ȼղ˵ǻ
𣡡
һŭĺȻĿдţͻȻը˿һѪɫ˿УǷȱľһ˫ǣ޽֮
ͬѩҲǷһһɫ˫ľУͶңңԡ

һĻ󣬹ƺܶһӶԿͬΪͬͨȻ֮ޣȻħ֮ϣԣ
Ҷ磬סǸϽߣԺһ׷ǵġ
ҶԺѩеԥΪ֪ѩ˭ѩʲô⡣
ѩһδߴ٣ҶֻҧأӢȥһҴϿ
ӢҲٳɣߵͷʼȻҲûжչ˿Ҫ뿪ߵʱ򣬺ȻѩһӣħӦû˵Ĵڰɣ


1823 
ħϲܷɣҶֻƾˮϵһҴϣ˸ոѣһɫãȻղŶӰ쵽ˣΪѩסǲ˹
ҶҲϸ˵ԼץͷĳŸˣʱ䵱˴ҪľǸϽԶ
СԶѩ֮սҿһҶҲ»ԭȵҴӢСʵõλ𣿡
Ҷңңͷߣȥ
ΣҶҲĽѩһԸղΪܹȫŴŴ뿪
Ȼ˳ڵˣû£սģղĻǶˣħǿĴڣӦҲ֮Ŀģħ塣
ҶȻ֣˳в֪ʱ˼յƴСĹͭƣڷȥĲͣĲãÿһյƶ͹ⷢ
Ҷ⼸յʲôõʱͻȻͷԶһ޴İɫӰֱ˹䡱һ¾˴ϣָ̻˾βѩӣſԼ˵ԺУԼˣû£úϻ֮УںľϢһ¾ͺá
˿ѩ边Ȼ˱࣬Ϊ˼صˣԭΪ˷жĹ
˵ȻҲͷӢȻ˳ղ˵ʲôҪȥԸħ壿
˳Ҳ˵ͷеͭơ
ӢʱͼˣȻ֪ô˵Уұϻشӡ
˳ֱӴҪħĳʧڻȥĻǲϽ͵ĿĵأȻ޲ôҲһ
ò˵˳ĻǳЧӢ㶺󣬶˵ľͳ嵽˴ͷųŸˣӿ˴ֻʻٶȡ
ҶʱҲûʲôˣߵ˳ʵʲô
Ҳ֪˾ʲôˣȹˣǼΪĴڣңһɣôǿ󣬿¶˽ġ
ȥû˵һʱ֮ȥӢȻСӺߣȴʵСԻٶȱӢҪϼ֡
Ӣڴ֮Уͣ߶ţΪҶǾϣԽħ֮һҪעһЩϸڣĶ
·ȻƽûкҲûеˣʱ֮󣬰ӢĻ˵Ѿ쵽ˣһ·Ҳ
ֻóһ̣СĲŴʱʱˣʱֻԭشתҶǶ𾪲ѡ
ħˮ²ó󷨣Ӣߵľǰȫ·Ҫ֪ˮв½زѶҲǴ˼ֹ
һο׳ˮ·ӢȻ˰ʱһˡ˵Ҳڷߵգ˳ȥ
ԭƽ޲Ŀʧˣȡ֮һЩССɽڵĺ棬ЩɽУòǺܷĿȫòСֱӾֻܽһվĽʯ
ЩСɽСֲΧӣеĴ֣еϸÿһ涼ŶҶ˵ΪϤѪ֮ƣеĶ࣬е١
ٻͷһŷ֣ǸղſĿ棬ʱ·ϣҲϡϡƯһЩĶһ㣬Ưˮϣˮλò̶
ԭħʵ
һ̣˶еֲʵͻˡ
𣬵ͼˣյͼϵ·ָʾ˳Ľ뵽ħģǴû˽ȥ˵һǵģţһԻŻġ
ӢѾĴϣ˴˵ҴҲʼƶȻҪʼǵΧ޲ˡ
Ҳأ
ҶվڴͷĿֻԶȥ󻹿Ӣҡҡ
˵ͼȻΪ˳ǰܿһ󵺣һɽһݵͼָʾƹħˡ
Ҷվڴͷ֮ϣ𲢼žԼԽԽĵת۾Ѿ˴ǰʱϴŵη壬ҶҶ磬ھͽȥ𣿡
ӵмǿʵȴͬŮһɬҶĲ֪˵ʲôֻЦļûµģȥɣ

ӦһһСѾԽ죡
ͬʱ֪ĸ֮УӰһ㣬ǰǰһͷ׷ΰӣһ߼壬һŭĿԵһĳ඼ǼΪͨӵϹҰʦҪħһ⣬ҾԻɱ㣡
ͨԼͷҵʱƷ䣬Ͻ뿪֪ͻȻ뿪Ǹ磬ģлȪĵӣйҲ񡭡Ӧò°ɣ


1824 ٴγ
ԽͬɽһСܰ˼£Ҳڵ˼£ͬһ磬ָֿ

𳤳³һⰲͬʱһͻȻľʹ˷
ĿҶǳСˮºȻͷһӾͽ˾ʹƽĻ˷֮С
˼󣬶ⲢȻķˣ̺ŵƺ͵ƵΪĹײСȥڵҲվȣ¸СȻᡣ
ǧкܶԩİ֮ԩĹȫ֮꣬⣬κ˶Եֵ
ڷ֮Եö϶
󷨰ɣ
Ҷһ߽պ£ʹҴıһһ㣬һ߶˳
˳еĻɫȫ֮Уһεɢ˳ȥƺǽСȫ˵Ҳ֣ķ֮ȻľСȥ
ȻԾھҵĵǱղȴǺ̫ࡣ
ʱţԽԽСˣˮµͷҲͣ˲١
ţһпʼðһЩٽţĿͣˣСҲֻ΢ҡҡһ㡣
ҶֻһŨŨ˯Ϯ̲סҪ۾ȻԼŵǻȴǽѡ
㣬˯ңǱ˯
Ҷüһ⣬һ޵Ȼվѵ
֮ʩչͬĺĳһ㣬л˯˶ѡ
⣬ƽ˾һƬţҶһҧ£Ĵմ򿪣ֱӳ˳ȥ
ҶΪῴһĿֲ󣬿ʵϣôҲ벻ȻῴǰһƬ
СƮһƬƽˮ棬ɽͬɴһˮƮˮ֮ϣһЩ˯ɫֲżβԾˮ棬ˮϵֲｻӳȤ
ؼ䶼ܰ·ֻʣһҴдϵˡ
ƯĻվҶߣźϵ˯ֲ̲ס̾
Ҳ˳Χľ󣬶Ǿ̾ѣֻ¶һ˿֣̿ĶźеֲҺֻô벻أ
Ƭ֮˾Ȼֱ˴ͷ֮ϣϸЬ࣬ŷ峺ĺˮУòˮָܵĺɽɫ̸Ц
һ̣֮ƺĿģǵںδʱ֮ڴһѩ΢˳󣬶ǻѪУ
һ㶣̶æֻԼѪȻ˿˿ͬˮһ㣬쵽˼¡
δ𣡡
һѪе˲䣬ͻȻһˮµķĺУǺгʹ࣬һƽĺȻľˣһӾͰС߸ߵ
ÿһ˶ӦֻҶڱһ̣ĳ˹ȥڴͷһ˹Сյһɲǣÿ˵ǰһƬ飡
Ǹ£ʵǿգֲɫʰ쵵Сɽͨͨһ˲䶼ˡ
˶ץҪˮУ
ҶѾԵĸоˮӿһɿֲȻƬ֮лĳޣҸղѪĴ̼
飡
һֻɫľ޴צȻˮһѾͽСҶۼֿ죬ֱȡɽݺݵĿȥ
໣
צʹɿһֽУСٴα߸
һ˲䣬ڿ֮µʵɽ˹еĺɽˮ˹еĺˮʢŵĻȻӣǻϵĻȴˣеĻһŹ
ŵˣ֮
ҶǸϽ취½ȥܴˮˡ
ɣһѳԼ£¶˾ļ⣬Ѫ̾Ͷķƣж֮ˣͷҲʵڵģԹ۶ģֻҪҽǳˣȻܰȫˡ
˵֮󣬰£ʼгģһȦԺ֣֮£ׯϵ˼¡
ÿһĿоͻɳһӲӵķţ֮ҲһŽɫâ߽ϣͬһ㲻ǰܿͳһȫɽɫĺͷɵĽɫ
Խ
ڴ˿̰ٶҶİɽʱ򣬰ԼϷɽе֮꣬λĻȱʥͬҪƬص֮ٴγȡ


1825 
Űо˾ȻܿһɴůºͣʥζĽɫ˳һԽɢ
ʱİׯϣÿ˶ܴϿһݷʴȺͱˣǲ˵ľֵõ
Ȼĳȹͬ죬ǹȴôãϾħԹħ֮⣬ƺûܹƽ뿪ĵط
οȱʧһľͲôƬ米ƿЩͬڷߣЩ֮Ƿģô׵ĳȾأ
ˣ۰ôŬǻһεЧ΢
Ҷ̾˿ȻǴȱģڵֻܿЩ֮ˣȻĻ˵³Ծ׶༪١
λͬڴ˳֮ꣿĻƶɮԸһ֮
ͻȻһʮԶԶƬ֮УԵô
ﾹȻˣͰһҲһλߣ
˵ʵҶڣÿ˶ԼȺ֮⻹˽룬ǶΪһֻѡ
ԶԶģȻһҴǱߵɽٵĳұҶʮС˵ҴԵüª࣬ͨһ㡣
ڴֻһˣһ֧ŸˣٶһҲ
Ƭ֮ҴѾ˹ҶۣϸȥһʮĺУһɫɮۣϴƽ͵ЦݣͰһҲɢһɺȻ˸޷ݡ
Ļȱȴּ֮ˣϼɱ֮дȱ֮⣬ǰУȴֻ޾Ĵȱ
ÿ˶ڿУ϶ܵڽѾѵѩ˳ҡͷ˼Ȼָвǻ
ж˺ʮһĻ˵ֱӾԼĴͷ֮£úͰңңԡ
һегľ㣬顣
ˡһľ죬ͷϵǲڰȻ΢΢ɢ
ţеĿҲо֮ҺͰӦ˾ǼĬһ㣬һһ䡣
ƾ㣬Ͳѿλߵʵǲ¡
λߵо֮ɢܵ崺磬ģڿн֮ȻֳһɫĹȦ
Ȧ֮Уͣܵĺ֮ҲʼֳһɫĹ㣬ǽɫȦȥ
濪ʼ𽥵ƽֱһ޴ͬһɫӺˮ֮гֻʮ׵ĴǶǴִצӾȻһƺڶŰͺҾ
գֻɫҲ˽ɫȦ֮󣬺ڻָƽ
ˣ
ͺҲͬʱԵڵأ˾Ǹղˮһˮͣµ䡣
ֳȣʵǼΪ
ڸι˵ҩ֮󣬾ĵȴƬ̣˲ȶкʮһʴʦš
Ҳæʦҵƶɮŵӣʦַǣ

Ȼ֪˶Լʱе⣬Խȥ˽͡
ԭһɣʮ֣ÿһֻӣһһػҴԾȻҲûн뵽ĬĬŵһһĴ
һĴʦϴηսУȻǺħһħġ
Ҷȵĵħү˵겻ֻħǰһ˽𣿡
ӵͷӦֻħǰһ˽뿪λħ󣬲δ뿪ȴħǰͣñŵӣڷսٴο֮ʱҪ˵سЩ֮꣡
ˣҽˣҵػɮ֮ǰѾսұǽ磬ܹħ壬Ѿ˰ʱ䣬˵ǺͰʦֳ֣˵֮ˣԼҪΪ֮ˡ
˵󣬵ţķźͰԲͬ
Ȼ˵赭дȴסֵط˰껹ƽ£ӵʵǿˣ
Ȼ˵𾪣æ͵λˣҲһ죬֮ſʼҵģǰʱ䲢ûô¡
⵹ʵô˵ӱʦΣħ֮꣬һϵĴȱ͹£ȻˣǰȻ𾴡
Ȼ̾˿ʵﻹ̫ΣգΪûй籮ƶɮûв´ĻλӦҲħǰĺ˰ɣԸһͣħǰڽ籮ڵļ


1826 籮
ǣ籮
֪һЩҶ֪飬˵ѯʣҲԵе㾪ȣĽ
ʵħģħ֣ħеĹֲһĹɵģΪǳأλã൱ڳǳҰҰ⡣
ڽ籮򵥵˵ǵһŵλ棬ħ칲ͬģ籮һܶħеĴһԼá
֮籮֮⣬ֻһЩɢʵΪ΢Ĺڽ籮֮ڣħҲʿĽн޳
Ĭˣ籮֮ŪĴǱ֮üվǽ籮֮ڵʲôΣأ
ǳʲô˼˳ѯʵ
籮֮ǳأʵ˵˾¾Ļ֣ȻˣҲʮǰˣռݵĵطͽǣռݵĵطǽۺǡ
֣üͷʵ
ӵͷЩħǰǵģϸҲֻܲ²һɽݶǰֻһΨһǿߣǺֳһ˫෢չ֮£¾֣֮֮һ飬ֻеȵ籮֪֮ˡ
ҲҪһȥ
ȻҪȥѰϵĴУ׷ѰҵĵƲұҪһ롣
˳ŵӵǵͬ볬ħڵһУȴҪһУһ𣬻᲻ìܣ
ò˵˳ǵȷܵȻҲǷʦǰĿǳȣҶ˵ǰ֣һŶֱɱ˫ͬһħʱˣɱǶȣǸ⡣
Ҳ¶һ˿ԥ֮ɫǷڿƽȣһ̣ҲسɷĿʼĴܹԸܶɻһĺ𣿡
˵֮󣬵ӿ˰ȻϣԼͬΪ޵İܹʱվԼߣԶΪ
Ƭ̵ڻᣬȴҲΪһҲٲǽħĽգĳ֣̤֮·ʼҾһ飬һֽ䵶ҲǲģȻȻˣǲɱʹ죡
סˣһνӴȻû뵽˵ĻҪǣⷬʵҲԼĵһʱ޷ش
֮󣬵ӺȻһָǰǽ籮ڣǹȥɣ
ӵһ˻ǰȻǴ⣬Ҫһ˱˴˶һۣҲѡĬϣĴԶȥ
Űʱ֮ǰһС֮УֱǸСʮԶʱ˲ſСУȻһ޴ʯͬЩⱻŴ̵ĵһ㣬Ȼһӵĸо
ʯʵ޻ûκεװΣʯ֮ϣҶȻѪ֮ƹɵ֡籮
ͣ´籮֮󣬶벽жȥǹأСԶҲ˽籮֮󣡡
ŵٴε´Ҷӿһ˿ãûеӣԼ˻Ҳڵײײ֮󵽴籮һ·֮ٲ÷ʱ˵ӵĳֱ֣൱һյָ·ƣΪָ˷
Ļӵĳ֣ǲʦ갲źõأ
ת֮䣬ȫС
ȻںƯʱ䲢ǵ˽̤ʵصʱÿ˵жӿһɰȫ֮С
ϵĶԶĽ籮񣬶ҶҲǽ֣صĶԽ籮һ
Ͼ籮ħۺλɮͬ¡
˵Ҳ֣籮ƽȻй֮ÿȴоһֲɣģϵϢ羴
籮ҲŷС֣ǴݲʯСƫƫͣСĵطһذ󴬵ľ׮
Сֻһ·ѵͨ籮ķ򣬶ƺطӵŨһЩһѵС·ϣֻǸһ׵ľ룬ͿҪǰˡ
С״һ۵룬ĺβǺܸߣѵС·ȥҲò˰СʱҪˣǽ籮ڡ
λãĪľһЩˣ紵һЩܼҲһЩСĶҲһЩֲ״Ŀݲݣϸ֮£·ȻԼγһӡ
С֮ϣ籮֮⣬Ǿ԰ȫģԲýšϴƽ͵Цݣ˵
Ȼȫ˾;ڽ籮֮ϢһᣬϾһ·ᣬÿ˶Ҫ״̬۷壬ӦԽһС


1827 귢
߰ɣ
˾ѵϢϣҶһվ籮
籮һμķֽߣ֮رɫϺɫգͳѹϿգһɽҲûѵС·ǿ˴ƬƬҰ
Ұһֲ԰׵ɫȴڻĶ֮һֲҵĺ죬򣬾ͺһѪ˽׵Ļϣһ̵ֲĸо
ɽ֮£ֵĵطϡȻһ
ȵһ·ߵߣȫͣ˽Ųÿ˵¶˲֮ɫΪųĺ֮ϣȻ˵ƯһҵС֮ϾȻ߲Ĳк
ЩѾưֻܲҪһܻ̾촷ۡ
ӣҴɹ
ѾԹͬ޷Уų֮ͬУƽôǰȻҪдܶɹˡ
ȥǵĴɣСĵ
Ҷ˵ӣȴҡҡͷ֪һжǹڽ籮֮ģ籮֮ڵ飬һв֪
ðɣ£ȥȡ
Ҷ׼תȥȡʱ򣬺Ȼ˳ڵˣ
һСƮȻ
СٶȲ죬λƵƿŨʻһ̣ÿ˶Ѿ۳ȫƴ
ֹĻ֮£ͻȻһҴʻȻħеĴڣʱ׼֡
ȻҴ˵ǰʱС֮ǳŴ֮ˣȴٴס
һݲ϶ݵߣɫĺѾҪؿڣɴڿ£ܳŵ·Եòô졣
°ٽᣬѾõֻʣһĲȫԭȵӡ
ͷ֣ʲôֲڵиƵģһأһصͷƤ̲һ
λߣ˶ס˺ǵӵУȻ¶һ˿ˡ
顱һ죬ĿˣǸ߾ˣ˴ԣĿڰ͵ӵ϶ͣ˼룬ʲô飬־͹ڵȴĪľᡣ
ӣΪʲôޣѩʵ
ӲһҲ֪
ʱߺȻˣͨۺͨλҪȥǣҪϹϴɣ
Ҷüͷʵɣǹȥ
ңѵ𣿲ֻڶɣȥˣҾͲ֪ˡ
ҶĶߣ̫ˣƣдںУҲԵЩǣҪһЩʲôߵϣоһ˿һʬһ
ֵǣߣ˵ȴ˿ķл߽䱸
ϴɣ
˵ǵӣһ˴ϣ󣬼ȻˣȻҲԥһһ˴
Ҵ󣬰˵ƺ޷װôˣÿ˶ϵ˴ϣȴִոպá
ҶһϴģϴʱߺȻһֱֻסѣ
Ҷһ㶵Ҫʲôʯ
е𣿷ģ
Ҫ˶еĪҶȴͳ˺ɽ𣿡
߶źɽϸĿۺǿµ¶һ˿ЦݣԪͷҿ׬ˡ
ʲôҶԼĶǲˣ߾ȻҪԼúɽͷ
Լ촽ͷǵĴˣȻҪкƾ͸ˡ
ϴӻͳһƵоơ
Ҳ˹ҶʩܷΪͷҺҵػɮ˴ͷ
Ҷԥһº̾ͽеĺɽ˵ӵǾ鷳ˣ
ĺɽôĽˣΪͷҶͻľٶ˿ȴûһ˾֡
źɽͷúϸ棬ЩС
ͷЩ̲һͷ׷䣬˿ԿߵͷƤϾȻ˵˺ۡ
߹ҲǷˣΪȻ˵ǲģûֻôĥʯͷͷЧȴҲ겻ɾֻϧ̫أȻϣܹңԺͲΪˡ
е
ѩӻȡһСĵŵߵǰӺµıóģΪֻǷԸղû˼ó
߿ʱֿЦˣЦʮֵ㣬ȻʱΪ귢ĵȴٴε档
ӺȻһǰ֪֪طɽһķɣ繩Ҳ˼𡣡
ԵӵĻȴûлش𣬶ǷȻѾ˯ˡ


1828 һѪ
ĨһᣬٷʣֻϸͷֱߵͷøɸɾʱҲ˹ԴվöûܹˣȻ˯ˣˣǵðѾ¡
ˣ߾ĻŴӾ߲ûпҲûпˣֻĿЩ಻ƴʱĿ֮лһ˿һš
Ҷ磬˵λϴүλ𣿡
ѩҶԺʵ˴ӵӵ仯ϣҲһЩߣֻ̫𾪣û
Ҳ֪Ӧǵģ
֮Уû˻ͷϵǧ˿̫⣬ִҪǵģֻһˣǾǷߣΪģֻΪ˶һء
ǺΪʲôҪȾƣʹȾƣ
ҶشǲϵͻȻ˵Ժ֮𣺡Ϊ˱ֳ徻ҪĶʵ̫࣬ǿеĽԼŵ£ŲΪп࣬һҲδԸʶ䣬ڷǰһϣҲվһ죬ĳЩ֮£Ǻþ֮ڷ˾ƣǴҲĽˣķˣ
ȻҶѩ趼߾ȻܹԼ˵Իҽ룬ߵⷬȴҶʦԼǷ
þ֮˷˾ƣĽˣķˡ
Ȼת˰һʧȥĶ𣿡
ߵһߣߵĻͷܻĵǵġ
СУ֪ҲɾˣȴԼ̫ȴ̫СҲʱ÷ˡ
ɫƽĵִɾ˾ǰִΪߣȻִܹķ£ˣԶһʱ֮
ߵ۾ȻһСУ㷨ǣ

Ȼдǻۣ˵֮ƺΪģ̲ס͸ľƺʹĺڣȻٴο˰һ۵ƽһѪ
ͣƺ˵ʲôջǱͣһδ˵
ˣ
ߵһ仰ͣǰһ޴ƽʯڽʯıԵһĽʯһֱţһ·
ʯ֮ϣƽƽڿмĵطһѾҪóţϻһͬõĴͱȻƽסĵط
ΣҲ󲻵ȻһˣסħΣյĵطΪ˰ڶɳŴ
Ǽ
߲ˣԹԵĿʼ˨ĵе֮ﶼ£Ȼֱǰ߰ɣߵߵû·Ҳ͵ȥĵطˡ
֮
ҲУҲȥҿǸƺкϻܹ֮꣬黹ܹӵԱ֮ģˣ˵Ļˣǽȥɣ
ߵĻĪҶȴͳԼĿռ䳾ŵ˵ϣҶıʣҲԽ֮˳ֻ˳ϴʼͰŪڵļյͭƵЩұҪš
Ҷüͷ߲˵ȥ𣿡
ʱߺȻ߹һյͭƣȥĿƬ̺¶֮ɫѾ컯֮ˣֻҪȼƣҲͨĻͨõյʩڲͨ磬رķʽʩһִŵĴʲô
˳һ΢΢һ𣬳Ƭ̺󣬷еͭƣҶߵһл
ȴûѾ֮ϣ۾žƣֱ׼һУʼʯ·ʱߺȻٴοڵһúҪ˯мǣȪ·Īͷûµģ
Ȫ·
ҶǵԼ߹һȪ·û뵽쾹ȻҪһΣȴûжʣЦŵ˵ͷ˽Ų
Ȼһɾ޴ܿϮҶԼ۾ǿԣˣҲ״̬޲˼µ״ֻ̬ǽŲڻеǰ
ţţͷеĽʯҲ·˾ͷһ㣬Ǿͷ֮ԱߣһССʯʯ֣Ҷ֧ԼߵʯԱߣȻԥĿ˹ȥ
һ˲䣬ĲɣҶоԼʧˣ㱴ʹУȴֺܿʧ
ٽղɢ˵Ȼ˲ʧ״̬ػһ۷塣
ǰû·ˣϾʯֻʣ²׳Ľʯȴһĺɫ·
ԼԼźʲôڣ
ҶһĹ򣬴Ҳҵԣͬʱǰڣ
֣ôͻȻˣСʵ
ҶȴЦЦȻˣǵѾ棬ڵǣ꣡
ꣿ
Ҷٴεͷǵģ꣬λʵҲ꣬Ĵӣ룬Ӧþеλ֮һɣ


1829 ڹλ
ѩ˶¶֮ɫȻ޷ղǸʵ߾Ȼֻһꡣ
ôܹȾƣ귢Ŵ
̾ǵӵĻôڵʱѾʮˣе־磬ʵѾûʲôͬ˰ɣ
Ҷۿ֮⣬ĻȻҲˡ
ӵϳ˱֮ɫ˵ͷҲ˼Ǳλ֮һȴҲҿ϶Ϊᵽ˱ڣȴûһ㷴Ӧ˼ҵʵ϶ܹҵݣΪʲôأ
ˣôȻԭһжȽ֮˵ɣ
Ҷĵӵļο
˳ȴ˼ĶҶڵӼϵƵ״̬˵޷ʵĶ˼Ҳǽ֮ȫ£ƾȻܹӣǾ˵Ļһ㰡
˳ĻûʲôоԲȥ룬ǰȥ
µ·ѾԽԽһʼֻ˲У˶ԲлĿȣΧľɫһʼֻܿ·ɵһƬɫ޾ƽԭ
֪˶֮ǰڱˣһǾʵĴ˵ǰɫĳǽɫգϺɫĻ棬ǽ˸֡
֮ޱߵļžž볨ţһ˶ûУͨڵ·ѱһڻǺϵţϺɫĺˮˮżɿԹһӰȻʧ
һĬĬĶųǽƬ֮˳ţ߽˳С
ڴڰĵĳ̱֮һֳ˷񱩡ϢΧ
ǰ˼ɫӰŤףڻɱǷҲǼ꣬ǵǱ˴˺ѶԷʱ򣬾ȻѪɳֱͺûʲôͬһ֮ͻữɫ㣬ӿ뵽ɱڡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬⼸ɱϣֻʣһѾĹ㣬ղԴһȦҲע⵽Ҷˣ¶һ˿ЦݣһȻͳ˹
ҶվǰޱעȻԷʵﵽ죬Ƕ˵˿Ӱ졣
Ҷֱһȭͽҵը˿ˣͬҲɫĹ㣬Ҷӿ˹ȥ
Ҷ׼һ£ЩʱͻȻһϸ𣺡գ
Ҷһ֮£æ֣һͽЩɫȫɢ˿ķ
ڳǽĽ䣬һССӰòϿһ˾Ск˿ֵעˡ
ѩ輲˹ȥںӵǰ΢Ц˫֮İ׹СѣлѣֻΪʲôЩأ
Ϊϻѩ裬һһУһһ׵þӴ𻰣̼ܸƽԷеη塣
ѩ֮£Сϵľ֮ɫȥƽΪЩ㣬ҲѲ
죬Сӣأ
һȶȻԶһߴӰͬһֱӳ˺ӣȻ˶ˣûŪһоô֮ǰǲûʲôٶ
Ӱ˲嵽˺ӵߣȻ̧ž˹ȥѩһ⣬ֱۼٻӶһŰɫϯӲĽԷ߳ȥȸ
һ쳣׳ʵĴ󺺣ֻòΪ˿̿Լסȣ¶֮ɫȻתͷѩǣϽſңҶҶ֣ǲˡ
ŶѩҲо˸΢Цŵ˭
ǺµĺҶ֣սҪܵǧ̡֮󺺻شķǳʹ졣
г˺֮⣬˭˭
а˴ߣĴ޺ǡ
˵ʱ򣬴ͻȻһҽУŸߴ͵ѩۼֿ죬һѱϵСкȥҶҲǼæִһ֣
䣡
һ촫󺺵̼䱬ը˿ըķ飡
ҶעŴʧĵطȻ˰ߣ޺ⶼǷеĹλɣλ˵Щǵˣ
ƽĵ˵ͷȻ֪ҶָڻʱǸǸе־ϴڡ


1830 
ôúõıըأϲʵ
˳͵λЩ֣֮ǽɣᣬȻͻ
˵֮˳Ҳ˱ѩ豧ŵǸСкСһʲô֣
СкԱղǸ󺺵ıըŵˣĶǰɫ࣬ѩȻһЩİ
˳⣬ȴ¶ã֮ɫҵֻ֣֪ǶСӡ
ͯ޼ɣȴڳ˶֮ͬģѩкԴ˵ȡְɣ
˳ҲûƴǣͷãͽСɣ
ССк߶˼С¶˿֮ɫˣԺͽС
Сˣ
Сָͷд߰ʮˣ
СҲ꣬ȻǺһǵģǴħ磬ɱ󣬽ǰѾˣȴҲû뵽оȻ߰ʮʱˡ
˳ʵС˵˵𣿼֪˵
ҲΪ˳ȡ˸֣С˳˺øУ˼Ƭ̺󣬱㽲֪ĹڼеһС
Уסˡޣ󲿷ֶû˼һֻ֪ɱɣΪ̫СֻҵĻ֮£סټҲҪԲҪȣԸܹ뿪ǡ
ֻǳֻ׼׼ֻڳſڣϣһܹ뿪
ںЩˣǶѵģҸӵǿʵάǵΰȴֹ˴˼ɡ
ղ˵Щڰ㣬Ѳʲô˼
СͷҲ֪Ǵʦ˵ģʦ˵һΣܹԹпѹ
ʦ
˶ʣӵһʵС˵һλʦǺһĹͷ𣿡
Сصĵͷ뷨ʦľˣͻ֪Ĵˡ
뷨𷨣
ȴ¶ʧ֮ɫҡҡͷǱķţôߣҪʲôأ
ʦ˵ҪǳຣĳȡСһĵʦÿһΣڳǶһ㳡ϣȣҲὲһЩ𷨣ÿֵʱ򣬳е˶ȥÿ뿪֮󣬶кܶ˻ָǡ
֪ľôˣǻ֪ĻȥڳǣڳǾ˵Ψһ뿪طĻҲҪֻ࣬ǽڳǣҪб£ǣܰڳǵλ߾ͿˣȥڳǵĻܴܲңСϣĿʵ
СǼ򵥵˼УȻҶЩ˲ܹ˴򱬣˶סˣ϶Ǽб£ҲпǰڳǵģԸǣҲ뿪
ѩСԴİɣǿ϶뿪ġ
ģ̫ˣллǣллǣ
˳ӹѩĻȻģҪҵλ뷨ʦ֪ס𣿡
ֻ֪еʱܳ
˳ʵʲôҶȴѾסȱˣ׼ְɣ
һϡɼһȺԶ֮س˹͸ղըǸ󺺵ĴһȻӦǺ
Сŵɫ԰֮⣬˶ɫƽ˲Ϣ֮䣬ȺѾ嵽˵ǰΪ֮һɨˣĵǾ𣿾Ȼһɱˣ£
һһȺʱӿ˹˳˹ȥգ֮䣬һըȺѾȫը˿ĺɫ㣬ֱɢޣҶȴǺˣƺֶûжһ㡣
Ϊ֮۾Բˣûпղŷʲô⵹ˣǰȺʵ̫ˡ
Ҷһǰǲǿȥǵĺ߽гˣ
Ϊ֮˿Ҷŵ㣬㣬㡭
ߣ
Ȼһ𣬡䡱һҲը˿վĵطȴǳһɫӰڰ㣬ȫӿӰڡ
һΰӰȴ¹ͷͷϳֻͬ⵶һķ¹ǣλΡ
ĳ֣һǿϢ˲סˡ
Ǻߣ
Ҷüͷʵһ壬ܹӵ˿ֲϢֻϹ壡


1831 ڰе
ҶҲɻħͬǼȻģôϹ壬ĪҲǱģ
˵ǸͬڶɮһʮǰսʱԸǣ
뷨ҶüпܣȻʮ꣬Ϊˣȫ꣬ͬǻһʮ꣬ʵҲʲô˼֮¡
ڰȫӿλ¹˵ڣҲĳһſҶǵǿ󣬲ԹԹ£ǵ꣬Ϊһɣ
£¹һָǰĿռʱƼΪˡ
ֻʵ˵Ҷˣ֮г֮⣬Ӧ˸޾塣
Ҷ֣ԱߵĺǶȻЦһعѣһʯӵ͹𣬲Ӳס˱Ŀռ䣬ǻһ˫ǵصĴ֣ץ˺ߡ
ɫʱһ䣬ȻҶǵǿ󳬳󣬲ҲţԴһͣһ¹֮Ȼȵ⣬еϵиޣźȥ
ˣ
ƺʱߵ¶֮ɫ˲Ϣ֮䣬ϣͬʱǰ˺ǵӰ
վһֻѪצ׵ס˺ߵĲӣצѾ˲֮С
̫ˣ
źм³֮󣬡ǲһ죬ߵԴͺ˼ҡ
ͬһ㣬ǽߵʬȻӵһԣƣתͷ˵ֱɱڳǣΣ
Դӳɹķ̰֮ĺǣʵѾֱ֮״̬֮£˵û˿Ӱ졣
ĺ߾õӣԺǵĹûл֮
ҶʮǵʵЦЦתͷȥСѾ㵽˳һ˫Сץ˳·ӵ̽Դ˳ȴǺ֪һ˫ֻǶŴĺǡ
ҶҲûע˳Ŀ⣬ССܴܲȥ뷨ʦǸ㳡
Сæͷ߶˲䱻ȺɱȻܾܾȺ˵Ҫ
С˳ı˵ǰ棬ھɺڰʬʱ̲סͣ˽Ų˶ܿС˿̵ϳ˿֮ɫƺǺյЩ㡣
͵Ѿ׼ʱֹȻƬ֮СתͷٿЩڰ㣬ǰȥȻǿ˷еǹջ
ٶҶ˶ﰵͷд
û֮󻯳ɵĹӦþ൱һĴڣ˵ܹЩ㣬ǳԷһ׳ʵΨһ취
˳Ľ˶ʮͬ⣬Ϊ߶㶼Ϸ
С·֮£ǽ˳Уÿ˵üͷҲ
ۿȥɱɣһһ꣬ǵѪ˫ۣҪĹˣҲڱ˹
С˵Ĵ󲿷궼ûǣû˼룬ֻһ˵ıܣԿһƬҡ
ȻҶȺ˵ͻȻ֣Щע⣬꾹ȻѵĬʱɱɣת˹
ңҶǾĪһܹǵ꣬ǵһЩطҲд꣬ͬһĳ
һĻнӽʮꡣ
ģ˲òͣΣΪѾΧˮйͨȻ˿ҶֵסǣȻֲ֧̫á
ѩüͷЩûǣôܷأ
˳Ӧǵ̫ǿԵʣ˵ǾǺڰеһ㡣
СͷԶԶԣҸղžǿһС̫һԲע⵽ǵġ
ɫصĵô꣬ȫɱ˵Ļ
ȻĻ볬ǣɷȥҿʱ䵱ػɮ
΢΢һ󣬲˵Ű֣صһȻҪ£׼ʼȡ
Ҷֻǿ˵һۣûֹ˫ֵͬȷǸصĵ
裬ϣǱСǣҲ׼ɣɱһ·
ȫƴȻʱԶȻһԶӣ


1832 뷨ʦ
ЩЩڷҶǵ꾹Ȼȫͣתͷķ˹ȥ
СüΪȻ˵ʲôһʱȴ˵
һɲǣһӴУžͱ˫ĿҲԶñ˾ȻԳһׯ´ȱ
ӵķӦӿţȻˣ
ΧûǵΧ֮£ԶʹĺɱУŲɫɮۣվڽУĿᣡ
ɫµĵҴû˴ȱ
ȱ֮⣡
ǱߵҲѾᣬһһǳ˲ĸɮڿҪɷִʦģ֮аĸ־һִȴ󱯣ˣἺҲҪ˵黳
ҶСǺ뷨ʦ
С˷ܣĵͷǵģǺ뷨ʦǵãʱδʦȻֳˡ

ԭ˰Χˮйͨʮ꣬˿̾Ȼͬˮһ˲ӿ˳ȥǵķһ£ӿĵط
Ҳȥ
ҶһҲЩ󣬼ǰ
뷨ʦÿνĵطǹ̶ģڼǳһ㳡Ҷߵһ·ϣܿ곯Ǳ߸ȥ
Щ֮Уʧֻǵһ˫Ѫɫ۾ܵŵ֮⣬һЩͬСһѵꡣ
Ȼڱ֮УҪõ뷨ʦĳȣĴ
һɱɵĻ֮£һܹǶôĲס
˻֮ǰʱѾЩȤҶߣСĵĴȴ󱯣ĵɢĴȱĸȾ
һṦ˾͵ִ޴Ĺ㳡ʮꡣ
㳡ܲ˸ֵһĿֲ󣬶һɱĲҸУ㳡ĵҲ˸ʬҰĵ̣η
㳡֮ϣЩ񣬿Χ꣬ʮֵĲ˲֮һ󻶺ڹ㳡ľͷ֮ڳһӰ
ӰƺһʵòֻģģĿһŻɫɮЩ͵ӰǳͨǳĲۣһһҶ˵ﾹȻоһʴƽ֮㳡
ȻǸӰǺ뷨ʦһ֣ȻƾԼһ˵ͻսɱ̡;͡
ѹָղŵӳΪɷĸɮշڵ˵ˣȷʸȥļ磬ȴѡ⴦ء
Ҷ֮⣬Сڵме꣬ź뷨ʦǲߴӰУȫĳݡ
ʱ뷨ʦڵ˴ǰΪȣΪֻΪעԵˣҶɢȥɣ
ʦƽгŴȱȻźԶľ룬Ҷȴܸо뷨ʦĿԼ˵ϡ
ȻԼЩ˾ǴʦеԵˡ
ԭҶΪЩ겻ϾʹȥȻû뵽ź뷨ʦ£е꾹Ȼû˿ԹԵת뿪ΧڴʦǰһЩ꣬ǹʩһ뿪
һĻ˵ԭһƵ֮вһʦ֮ѣѵħеõһأõһΣλʦʵڿɾ壡
ЩĿ죬ɢҲ죬뿪Ĺû˿Ĵ򶷣һжʮֵƽܿ죬㳡֮ϾʣҶһˣ뷨ʦҲٴ𣺡Ե˾ˣ
һҲ˵֮УСѾ㵸·߲֮⣬˵ƽ˹ȥ
ߵʦǰһϵıҲƺ֮ɢ¶ʵݣ֮˶̲ס¶֮ɫͬľ㣡
λ뷨ʦȻǰ˼λڶɮ
ȻʮֵĸɾԴû˴ӣü֮Ͱڶɮȴһģһ
ǰô
ʻǵӣȻûа취˸ϵһ𣬶Ҳȷһ¶Էݡ
Եӵѯʣ뷨ʦֻ΢ЦĿ⡣
ѩȴȻڵԣ㲻
뷨ʦ΢Цŵͷױ㿴ˣڶɵҵĵܵܣҲҵػɮǺ뷨귨ɣ
ͨһѾڵأھҵĲطɽӵӣݼϣ


1833 
ɣӣΪ㻹ҵĻȻڽյˣ
뷨ʦȱĶԵӵ
ȻĻҲ֤ˣǵħ칲ͬħλɮ֮һ
ﻹվ˿Ѿһ£Ҳ׼£ȴ뷨ʦֱ־ܾпԭңȴܲã֪νģϣ
뷨ʦڵһλɮʮʱϴͳȻͨһЩ飬ĻҲҶ΢΢ӰȱʧϣҵĻ
ûй£Ȼź뷨ʦʩһȻֽӲ
뷨ʦĿȻҶӦþħ۵ĺ˰ɣ
ҶæͬҶħǼʦ
뷨ʦ˵ͷ¶ЦݵһΪĻ콾ǸС޶û뵽վǲһľȻС޶ӣ콾϶Ѱˣǳն
콾ȻָҶĴʦԯ콾ҲҶһ֪ԭʦս֮ǰѾ˴ʦ֡
뵽ҶҲ̲סʦܷ֪ʦ䣿
⣬뷨ʦȴЦҡҡͷնѾʮ֮꣬ǰѾˣֻʣڴ˵أܵĶɻЩܹ֪꣬ʦأ
Ҷش𣬺뷨ʦѾŵӣʱ䲻ˣɣ
Ҷһ֮󣬼æ˹ȥʵҶͺ뷨ʦ֮ľ뱾ͺܽˣͻȻµĴؾҵĲǵһ㡣
ţɲѸǣеĽ˿̶ڷһУҶȴʼƽҵ֮мֱ˺뷨ʦǰ֮ͣ
ƽҶ뷨ʦ¶һ˿֮ɫӣϸˣ
£뷨ʦԭ˴ȱɫȻ˫۱ϣΧȻš
ҵ죬ڵĵأɫĻ֮£˵ҫۣǷΪķΪķ⣬֮䣬֮ԡ֮Уÿ˵̬ðͣС⣬ƺ󳹴һ㡣
ߣ
ͻȻһ֪ĶһֲҲбϢ˲УصĴÿ˵ĶС
ߵУеһȫ˵ϣոջ󳹴һС˿ҲɫȻ԰ףҲ£ȴ˳סƽȣ㲢Ҫͣ¹򣡡
ȻԾɴŻ֣̿˳仰ȴƺСһЩģûм¡
뷨㲻Լ
Ǹٴݷ˷һ㣬εˣȻź뷨ʦķѹ
ˣ
ɫ໥ײ뷨ʦȴɫƽҶҲȻվһԣ䱸
뷨ʦȴͻȻ۾ѵõôŵ㳰ҵԼôĪǣˣ

һȻж˵ضɽҡ֮У޴ĻǺӺˮ𣬾޴˻ʹ˻꣬ʣ£Զĺɫɽͬɢɳһ㣬Ȼ
ŷ֮ģһ޺Ҳû˳Ⱥϻ֮ȴˡ
Ϊ޺𣬾ȻںϵЩ֮갴಻ס׷ҪȻ˸ѹƣȴȻ̲ס֮
ҶҲˣֻ֮Ѿ룬ֻʣüĴǽɫ˷΢΢˵
㡭뷨ʦȵĿҶȻֿ˳Ⱥϻ֮ˣȻͳĴЦãܺã
ҶȻ֪ʲôǺ뷨ʦҲֻͣƽĵУһһȻ֪ʲô˵صһ٣ںܶǰӣڵӷѿʱ㲻Ұ죬ѵӦٵûУĹ𣿡
ĸ֣ȻҲ쳹ȫǣ
£ԭضɽҡĳкȻƽˣ߸߾ĻǺˮԭأڵеɽҲȻֹͣ˲
ǸͻȻʧˣû𣬶뷨ʦͻȻҶһҶˣʦ
뷨ʦȫţ͵վµλãȻһ޴ĽɫţһɫƣµλΪ㣬Ӷȥ
ŽɫƵӣڼǵĸ䣬Ȼ˸ʢĵߴɵĽɫС
ͬʱĵΧĿУҲĸֹӰͬһ㣬Ȼһȴͷųѹ


1834 ʥ
ʥ󣡡
ĵֵɲǣ˳Ͼ¶һֿ֮ɫĶЩз֮
ɫӵһλ֮ͣվλÿȥЩλ֮һƬããֵ򣬲ЩҲԼٶǰģĵֱʧ
ǵĹһ·Ȼ뷨ʦ𣺡ңֻΧĴʮػƻĹؼڳǣ֪𣿡
ҶͷĹ֮ʦʦֵĳ֣Լʩչ֮Ρ
뷨ʦ󷨣ȴ˲ѹƣԼҪľǽ󷨸ԭ
뷨ʦֵʱˣӣҵԼǵãϽڳǣһȥȻˣУЩλãǧҪμס
˵ⷬԺһӵĺӰȻŹ㳡뷨ʦȻһЦߵղλã£Ŀ
ղеĽɫƣѾȫʧˣΪƳֱŵҲ»عСڣ˿̾ã֮ɫǲ֪зô춯صһĻ
ӭǶӺӰ˵ɫǼΪƽֻеݵĿź뷨ʦ
ְɣ
Ҷһ׼ӺӰȻ뷨ʦȴٴοڵãҰվһԣҺ˵Լˡ
˵֮䣬ӺӰҲǺѾ˹ܹʮˣȴǸûпҶһֱ˺뷨ʦǰͷЦһϸһӣĹ˺뷨ʦǡ
ס֣
Ҷ͵˼ͬʱڣǰʼճŵ֮Ѫһ˶ʨԴͷ֮֡
ȻˣһЦ˺üʲôݣǳ֪ˣżܻжֵʱ򣬿Ϻе飬ǻǲҪĺãҲǶֵģȻ
˵ɳм˳֮⣬ͷŭۿǶԹӾҪ뷨ʦǣҶҲ˲࣬һ̾׼֡
ס֣ԼǲƻģǼɣĿ಻ǿ࣬ܺͷ֮ȣ֮һֱڼѾϰˡ뷨ʦƽ˵ʱǶԹѾǣ
ຣޱߣжɾһգܹɹҵĿҲ㵽˾ͷȥɣѾʼŹӣź뷨ʦʦĿҶһۣվ̹Ȼһˡ
˫Ŀ죬˫ȭյҪδ
ͷ֮ת٬˵ǳ˺ģȱɳڵһӣǳڵ걻Ȼԣ׼ÿһνɶ𷨣ɶȣҲýܳڵ̷Ը֮һϴ񣬽ƸѾǴ˿ˡ
ⷬȫĬˣŭͬʱȴҲԺ뷨ʦӵľأ
˿˺뷨ʦ꣬һľó˸Եвп̷ͬΪΪõꡣ
Ȼ뷨ʦȴ󱯣ĥҲҪȻܿĹͬС꣬ǾıѣҪʧԼͬʱҲ˳ػħµ
ȴ󱯵ĸɮ
ȥɣ뷨ʦȴƽȻҶһۣ˵һ仰ֹң
ȻҶû׺뷨ʦһ仰˼һѾҪˣתͷ˵Ѿ֪ˣһУĳһζѣ꣬ڵǣУʦµ󷨣Լ뷨ʦػĿӦþҪ껽ѣⳡΡ
ڣǾͽΧ󷨸ԭ
˳ﲻͣʲôҶֵʱҲ̧ͷݼأʥӦʥ飬Ҳʥ޼֮飬ó󷨣ܻأʥ޸һԵļȫҲܻҪʥ֮鼴ɣǡ
˵˳¶֮ɫʥ֮һҲ˵Ǳ׻ȸ룬ʥһ꣬ѵ˹䶦е䣿
ȷȻ˼д֮ĺϻ꣬ȫ֮꣬Լѩͺǵ̰֮꣬ûʥеһһ֣ҶĹ䶦ڷӡһֻʥ䡣
ǷӡѪ۶沼µģԼ޷ͻƣ˵ڳЩˣܹͷųأ
ҶһҧȲôˣҳۣ󷨣


1835 ز
Ȼղɺ뷨ʦЩɫƣֻǳ˺̵ܶʱûûǼȻ˳ѾϳʥټϺ뷨ʦָ֮»һôЩ˳ȻָܹһҪλá
˳ĵʥĹؼӦڳ֮У£ۣȶһۣȻȥѰĴۣڳǡ
ã
ҶȻӦȴԥΪ֪ʲôʲôʽۡ
Ĳ֮ʯôһԻصĴҪٿʯܼۣ
οڶ״̬֮ȫ˼⣬ʲôʯ
ҶкȻһ֣Ȼʦµ󷨣ôȻǵԼĴԣ֮ֻѪ֮ˡ
һźɫѪ֮ƣҶΪĳֳɫĸ֣ŵһģǶǰ뷨ʦ֮λá
¡
˵ıͻȻһĺһĽɫٴγֻ֣Ǳ뷨ʦʱСֵ࣬Щ
װĺһĽ⾹Ȼٴγ𣬳ҺݷبŲĻҺվȻһ˿ѷ죡
ߣ
ǸԶվѩ跢һƺߣ˼ǾȻһ˿Ѫ
ҶһѾѩǰȻһѪɫ۳һ޽ֱָ񷡣
һ̣ҶȻоһѹ궼̲ס˲ǿƶƵѹ
Ҷףղʵ˾ͷϵѹ뷨ʦȴԼ˵
Ҷڴʱֱ۵˼ޣѪɫ޽ѹˣȻھҲұѹȴɼš
ãܺãҿ㻹ֶܼã
Ǹٴ˵֮䣬֮ϵĴѹͬˮӿɲ֮䣬޽۵˼£⼸ҪֵҶüģۿҪѿ
ģҶǲ־Ҳﵽ˼ޣ֮ϾȻһŻ档
֮꣬ȼգԭͬѹһӿ궸Ȼ񱻿һӣ䡱һй
ͬʱҶиֳ˽ڵӰ˫ڴأɽбȴһԲεĻȡ
ظزڣ
Ҷһ𣬼챻ѹϵľ޽ȻڿлһĻΣÿһĽ֮һʮ׳Ľ
޽ͦεһ̣ѾгһԲΣɢ޾ĺ֮У¶ϵĳʡ
¡¡
׹Ʋ趯
ǹɾ޴ѹ̼ɢǸҲŵյ𣺡е㱾£ǿʸⳡϷֻһۣΪк뷨ۣͲôˣԸһҪţܽ޾ĥ
ʧѪɫ޽Ҳը˿ҶһѸת˳ָʣСϲϵĻʲôһ߻һߵ֪ĸλȴȥǸطģ
СɫҰףһıɵˣΪĿ˸ղȺ˺ͺ뷨ʦ֮Ӵľջҧ˵ͷ֪Ҷк죡
ָ·Ҵܣ
ҶһѽСʼŵڶȥ
ڳôˣ˭ûֲͣڳеĴСбܵľָоҲʮء
ȻܷУԴҵʵ˵ܵٶȻҲǼΪĿ٣ֻϧǵǰһȺɫӰ飬Ȼһ۶ͷ

Ҷ¸ͣһֽ§סСһֻѾ𣬲ǵȴ𣺡
˳Ȼڵ̫࣬Ȼʵǿǻǵʱ䣬Ǵͷȥǽ󣬰鷳󡣡
ұ˴֮䶼ǹĽ飬Ե˳֮ûκε飬Ѿ̰Ļʼж
໣
ǳХһ𣬳嵽ǰܵĴؿʼѣ¡Уĵ涸Ȼը˿˵ٶȣըǰǵֲĹޣƷ˴ء
źǵĳЩֵըĴأҽ׷ױĵ¡
ЩұܿȴͰסˡ
ȭͷ֮ϾȻð˿˿һȭȻУԷ̲Һһȼջ긫ûй䣬ƾŽϵʥķһɨȥһƬը
󵨣
һһǿɫͻȻһߣ


1836 
Ѿ׷Լ˵Ҷüͷأ
ĵˣȻ
˳ŵõİߵʵǿ϶ܹɰƽܹ˴ߣڳǣǣǶΪǣؼǺĴ޺뱣ʵҲҪַ󡣡
ȻƬ֮󣬰Ҳ˹̬ɣȻѾ߸ˡ
ǰٴγһȺɫӰȻǸղŵİ취ǰ濪·ֻ˻˳ϡ
ŽҲ֮˵ڶ۵ĵطһΪĽֵûЩɱ¾ͻɵꡣ
ǣǰֵмطҲ۵ǰΧصӰֻɫɫɫɫͻɫ
ǾվӦңļһνֵԵޱȵѹȣվǰһˣѲ³Ĵнһλߣ
ǵĴ󲿶߼ᣡ
ͷĻߺȻ˵ˣ֤˵ĻһܹҵĽŲԴԴϵֵ
ֻҪǷҪ飬ڳǣܳ˵аҶ˴ӽֿһһĽӽ߲˵ǻкܸߵĵλݣǣǽ֤漣ǻͳһվߵ㣬Щ񲢼磡
ߵüʮջζֻϧҶ˸Ϊ֮ȻǰҲͣϴŨŨķ֮ɫ
˫ľֻʣ²ʮʱٴοڵͣ°ɣǰһǾͻᶯ֣֪ǺǿǸǵĶ֣ǼǣĴڣൽ󣬾վŲɱҲɱǰ
ŻߵĻ£Ҷ˻ľͣȻǱԷĻŵΪǺȻ֣ڽֵԱߵһݶ֮ϣһӰ
ǸӰǳĴͷһ٣Ĵ֧㿴һϮɫƾɳۣ֮¼ͣоһƺ«ڴڴڵĹơ
ҶǿԼҲͣ˹ƣҶһЦ
ˣǣ
ҶջĿ⣬ʱԺкȻ˺뷨ʦ뿪ʱ˵Ǿ仰ֹң
ѵλӾǺͺ뷨ʦһĬĬĴУػ󷨵ˣ
Ҷ΢һ䣬ٴһǸ߶ʱɫһ֣
Ȼһƺ仰Ѿ˺ܾˣȻʱһըװǻĺͻȻ쳹˵Ķߡ֣ôңӵôЩ꣬Ϊ˺Щֶ𣿡
˭ߵŭȻ̧ͷ
ѾԾ£ֿ¶һЦݵң
ԭ㣡
ӣϵķŭͽŶʱһɨգж־Ӹµڳǣܾ˵ʵڱﵷңжԶԶ
ӷЦΪڳǣΪ˺һޣ
һŨ̵ⶥ쵱ɣҪħɱһأȴԼѧδڴˣһ֮꣬ۿҪΪ־Ķ뷨ʦһڴҵ־һĲڿɱʹ졣
ⶥǴĻ˶¶֮ɫȻλҲʮǰսʱʿ
ⶥ쿴Ҷ˵ȻʦѾһ󷨣ǾǸҪˣǰĵǵ£Щ̰Ĺͽˣ
ǣ˳̲סʵ
ǵģǣͺ뷨ʦһֱػ󷨵ˣЩʿۼ˺뷨ʦ£ûбҪˣֻǰȥˣǹƨ߹ǰѵû𣿡ⶥһӣơ
ɱ
ô£Ҳҵȴ´ʱ˳˹
飡
ֵ֮ϽһܵƴʮӰΧĽ˳ȻŮײͬǾĬţһԲĳЩǡ
ⶥЦʹʱˣЩ꾫⸽һССҲǸϵʱˣǴʱߣʱ
û˿ĳɣǰȥȻһЩǣÿһᱻһӰסһǡɵǵϡ
ŭһҶٶȼ죬˲侹Ȼ͵˵֣ⶥٴ𣺡ֻܳ壬Ҫ˷
£¡һһɫ羹Ȼֱߵ֮ը


1837 
Ҷû˳ɣͷҲصǰȥǵʮӰǵס
ⶥǺƵԶԶϧ֮ⷽУȻӵҲһ˿֮ȺյĶ
¡¡
һ֮ӦⶥƬֵ֮ը쿪
Ҷǰڳ˵ڶ۵λãһѪ֮ƴҶг֣ٴǶ˵¡
һ̣һ𣬻ͷȥɱս׵Ѿֹĳ˹ѣһƴѷ֮ϣ
תͷƫƫɿһ׷ԲԵߵǰ棬ǶצѾȻ϶壬ĵס⼸ſͣһݺݵҧȥ
ⶥںǸ˴սѾ˵Ķ˿ڣҿЦ쳣죬һеⶥĺĴȥ
ۡĶⶥ³һѪȻ󣬻ǳЦ󺰵ͬھɣ
ǱըĽɫ㣬ʹÿ˵۾Ҷı۾һߣ
һȺ˳ۣո뿪ֵһС㳡ǰҲǻȻʱܿеĺüط硢ꡢס硢̳
Ȼⶥ˵ǶʼˣΪҶ˾ܵƽ·
Ҳˣ
ȻҶĻСһֱΪʲô˲ˣ
¾ͺãҶĵ
λһ̸ڵĴ֮£һֵһҲǿյģκĴڣеֻǴսδɢȥ̺͵̳
ڻΪʬ˵ĵֵ󲿷ǺɫģСǽɫĹ㣬ҲԤʾЩ˵Ӵ֮󽫳ɢ
ΪʲôҸһأӵ룬Ѿ˺˿
ǰɫɮ۱𣬳Ǵ˿̵ѡ񣬾ǶԼõĳȣѾ뿪˵첻ǻɢǿʼµһҳ
Ҳ϶ǵ𣡡ĵ˵ͷ
Ȼи𣺡죬ۣ
˻ȻתͷںɫԱߵĽһӰĿˡ
ǺȻҲһУѪȾɮۣĿʱŲסˡ
ѩһ˹ȥУ򵥵̽һʹĶҡҡͷ
Ӽæ߹ȥץסеļĵǰסƵǣͿԾˡ
ˡеһЦֻˣԼҿղźҲսǶƮϣǺܿģҲҪȥˡ
һ˵Щ龹Ȼɣûκεͣ٣ϻЦݣֻǻعⷵնѡ
һı˴˵ӿû֪οڰοУٴ˵ǾǺ뷨ʦ˵ˣ֪ɲҿαģ뿴
Ҷߵ£Ƿйһ㣬һѪɫǶ˵¡
ǡ䡱һ죬֮пʼ˹ѡ
ǸоôճյĿţֱҰгֵǵѷ죬ϲŷһ˿Цݣ૵ĵʮˣʮˣȻȻǣƣɣ
£Ϣ
ֺ۾
紵ʵݷǸ衣
߰ɣȥһۣǾܽˣ
һ·ǰУκ⣬Ҷ˳ļ˵Ĵۣ˵崦ڵλá
Ȼһ·ĿõҲԽԽ࣬ı˴̼ĵķŭҲǸӼᶨеϣ
һѪ֮ƵǱ룬ǵϤٴ𣬿һ֮ϣǹѵƿʼ޵
֮ϣ崦ѷ죬Լٶţͬ֩һ㣡
ֱһ춯صĺкˣ޹ѷ쾹Ȼ˴ϵһԶԶȥ崦ѷΪԵмһֵգͬҪһ㡣
͸գڿԿҰ֮⣬ȻһƬϺɫա
ʱһŭЦȻʴЦ̺֮ż˵ŭ𣺡ңڳǵǣ
ŭЦŻͬһ󱩷糯ϯĺХÿһ˶һƺߡ
ҶһӿϺѪĿջأ߰ɣȥڳǣ


1838 糱
ڳǣΪҪڣͬһֲĹһ㣬֮У˵ǰ
ĺɫǽһȥ͸һֺصĸо¥֮ϣȼž޴Ļ裬ɫĻ治ͣ£һС
⣬ûһˣҲûпνĴߣֻһȸߴ׵ľ޴ɫţرš
ƿ
ֱߵ˳֮ǰ˫ַȥһ˻֮ȫļ߸߹𣬰š֨ѽһ죬ȺޱȵĳžȻıƿ
룬ҵĽŲصڳ֮ͨУǰһ޴ķι㳡ͷ֮һͬĸߴ
һڳǣ˶ܸоҪ˲֪ٱ˵ȫĴȴʮֵѹС˵˶ϣڳǣ
Ȼڳ֮УɫĻ棡
˲䣬Ĺ㳡ԱߵĽӿ˴ĺɫӰӣͬɫˮһ㣬˲ͽ˸ŰΧһڲϵıƽ
ԿЩӰӱǵЩǿ࣬ÿ˵꼸Ѿ۳ʵʣΧĿ޴ѹ
С͵վм䣬֪ۼΪڲֵʱ䡣˳ʼ˵λãǰͺҸϺҪҳڣסǵǼۣǺЩ
ղҲ˲ǰɣѩ
ӵлۣܹҲ²ЩӦöܼ򵥵ʹû㣬òҪ֣һ϶ֻ֣ܹ⣡˳򵥵Ľ͵ˣ˾ΪĸܣǾĸƶҾٽˣҲҪʵЩ
飬˳İŷֱվλãÿ˶һ棬ֻҶеΣ˳˵ʵҪķǺˣʵĿǰġ
ǰ곱ͷҶһ˾ͳվ⳱ˮУһҶۣŻᱻ⳱ˮ߸ɡ
𣡡
Լ촽дʣͷϷȻһֻһֻݡ
˫֮Ѫֻצӱǳ࣬צ֮Ϻ˸
࣬гһı֮һɫƮͷų
ȴһּΪӵԼĴţһɴɫĹâؿڳ֣Ȼӵ˫֮ϣͬʱ˶оΧ¶ȿʼߡ
˳˼Ŀ˫΢գȻ֣ǰ
𣡡
˼ڴ˿̶һŭ𣬲ȴǺǵĶҲΪѸ٣ȻֱӳǰƽȺ֮С
񣬼󣬷׷׳˸ķ򣬶ҶҲû˿ɣŲǰȥ
ǰİ߶žͬ뺣һ㣬곱֮УζȻǵɿ⣬ӴһšһͲٵ꣬ѹ
žžž
ͬͷ׷ը˺ڰĹ㡣
Ҳ۸߷ɣֻ޴צ£ץʮֻ꣬˱ֱץ֮⣬ֱӱݺݵ˵ϡ
쳣צһӣʱʮ걻˺ѿ֮ϣʱʱĻͻȻ𼸸ͻ̡
ϻһ޴ɫܣ֮бǰЩꡣ
Ϊɣ̬ȻŹеĺߣһһĻӶȭͷǿ֮ڵ꣬˲ͻȼܿ컯ҽ
Щƺֲ֮⣬ʵҲ̫ǿס˵ĳ֣ҲʱĶסΧЩ˳
˭ҲûиоɣΪÿ˶ĿԵĽУȻԴԴϵӿ꣬ĸɫӰͻأĳһЩĶۿһС
ĸɫӰӦĴ޺ˣвûһɣеһ
˳һ۵λãһ߹עܵȻûг֣ѹҲС
ҶעŸߴĸɫӰԿԸоҲڿԼڶ꼸һ浹ܣȴȻ˿
˵һۣҶ˳ĽѪ֮ǶµʱͻȻĸɫӰͬʱһͬӰ
أ
ΧЩͬһոڶڣͻȻһɫĹâ
ڹȻֻһţȴˣЩȻ˲ǿˡ
ͬʱǰǸҲȻ𣺡ߣӡҽ⿪һϷѶ΢һ㣡


1839 һ
ΧЩںڰâܹоǵʵȷһΡ
ͬסٸ꣬һԵĽȫѹɷۣϻᱻЩе˵ƬͶ˿ڣҲ˲١
Ϊռݿƣ˵õ㣬ֻÿץҲ࣬һֻ˲ڵ½
о˸Ϊ·ǰ棬һٶô֧ٶҲ֮֮˫ڿȻһģ
žͬըһ㣬ͽʱײһ𣬽ⱬ֮Уһأͷ۵ľ޴Ӱ֮֡
ޣ
˲еΪͺöĻٴν٣ֱֻ֮ϣһ޴һɨ֮£ǰѸٹѣ޾Ĺ㣬ٴμ˵ѹ
ٻޣڰ˵ķѵҪĶ࣬Եһ·ϵڶ۵ʱ򣬰ɫѾ԰֮
ھţɾ֮ȥһۣߴۣ
˳ҶٴνѪ֮Ƕ֮󣬳
һȻǸ˴˸ӳصѹȴҲ˴һ˿ϣټһʱ䣬ȵ׼ʣߴ֮󣬾ǿˡ
Ҷ˵֮Χٴһӡʵٷһ֮󣬵ӡҲڽ⿪
ȻʱΧΧ˴ȵļ٣ԭȵƣֻʣ֮ʵȴǷ֮࣡
ʱ˿̣˼һһǰÿһ˵һҲȫ˳
ǰİѾʵʵĴڣֲ֣˶ãԭȵĽǴΧϵ֮Ҳ˷Բ֮ڣϵɫҲһ仯˾Ŷ䣬ˣĽȴˡ
Ψûʲô仯ûʩչκεսԾƾԼһȭһ֮䣬һ곹ȼա
ڣڰ˸ҲҶ֮󣬾¡¡һľһε𶯣֮ϵѷҲԽԽֱ鲼գ
һɹܰϢѷ֮ӿУ˾ˬΪ֮һ񣬶ΧЩͬˮѾȫʧټڳ֮УֻʣĸɫӰ˿̣Ҳڴӿ£Ҷǰ
ĸӰ˶ޣһޱ飬˫֮˸űĹâֱֱĶˣ
Ҷ˳ھŸأ
˳һָߵľͷ֮һ޴ĺɫڵڡ
ǿӣֻлǣˣ
˳ͷǵǰǣǣϣĸͽˡ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬˵ʵ˳ţе㲻޳ɣΪڰĸѾսļΪأǰĴ޺ʵﵽ۷壬˳֮£ӮҲҪ൱Ĵۣ
ԥˣ滹ˣڵȴǣ
ãλһǣ
Ҷһҧȴɫƽ
ˣ
ɽɳСڣҶһ˻ŴȥĴ޺ƺҲ׼˶ԸǣȻ߹
Ҷ˼ӿ첽˴֮ǰʱ򣬺ȻһЦǵְϣû
ͻ̲סȫͷֻŴ߽ˣʮƽӹˣһӢϴһ˿Цݵˣ
˵󣬾ȻۼŴ㣬ͬһƬɫƲһߵٶȣϵǰ
ʲôˣ
أһȴӴҶǵ΢΢һȻѯʵľˣҲ˵ǲ꣡
òӢЦеĵĵӣӦþ˰ɣ˶˵һΣʵӦһΰ
ӣ
Ҷ˵ϲɫͬʱҲ̲סɨϺˣ
˵ԼˣĵӾȻˣҺԼ˾ǵзѣԼ߾ǴƣôںϵһǽɾΣˡ
ӾȻ֪ˣ֮ζӣһУйϸĵ飬֪˵ʲô
֮еٴδߣûǴĻ֮ƺҲڷս˰ɣӣմУν
ǳЦ˵ð֮ˣټмСǾҲð˽ˣΪҲ֪ڵĿģĴڣЩŶ


1840 
ڳ֮жǾĵһƬڵ˵֮ⷬ˶ĬˣƬ֮󣬴֮еٴ𣺡ô죿
һָҶ˵Ǽң
ߣƲ㣬þƾܹô˳𣿡
ȷе㹻ǺӦܷ֣ҿɲֹŶϵЦݣг
ԭҲˣŵǸлͷǸң˾ͽ㴦ˣ
ɽ
ҶʼһԲǽԼ˰⣬ЦҲˣӲǰǻ˸ȻҲֻһˣǴ˵ĻﲻѲ³˵ʵԼǿ
¼ƻҪб仯ˣô֮һҪȼһۣһȽȥɣｻˣڴڵУ
˳ҶԺ֮𣬱ѩǴͬҶһģȴò
ã
ҶһҧתŴȥĴ޺ǵˣȻûпһ衣
ҶΪ˳ĳ˴ǰһƬڣ·֮УƬڰ֮УͻȻһɼȭ޾սⶸȻϮ
ǻ죡
ҶдһȻܣֱ֮ϻȼգ̨ͤ¥׷׵̮ͬԻݺݵĻ˺ڰ֮С
飡
һ촫Ҷͬ߷һֱֱȥȴûзɳײһͬˮһ֮ϣȻصĵ
ۣ
һѪ³Ҷ۾źڰ֮߳һߴӰ
ǸߴεΣȷڵս⣬ͬ䵶ݣǲ˿Į˫ۡ
ʦ֣
ҶЦŴӿм֣ǰվŵģԼʦ֣ʥս죡
ңʥӣ֪Ѿȫʧһûеɱ
Ҷʦ֣ѰǴʥս죬һδйܼôһֻ֣֮
Сӣʲôʥս죬ڣҪңҪ뼤ʦµһۣǾʹɣʦ֣ͬУϷ˼ˣ
ǷĴЦӺڰ
ʥ˽ŲҶһȻͬ״̬ͷųĿֲս⣬ȴǽΧĿӲȼͬڻ֮һ㣬һ̤϶һĽӡ
ҶҲӵվȻĴʥ϶۷״̬ҶҲʮԼĶ֣Ψһİ취Ǿ켤һۡ
У
Ҷ߾ȫʩչۣüǽɫ˷ŵĲǿ޾ڰ֮УеλãԼнԶ
ƽʱ׵ľ룬˲Ϣǰң˷ʥǿֲϢΧ粽У
䣡
ʱʥٴγȭ鼱֮£ɽȻ֣Ҷ֣һ֮󣬺ԪȻֱӱһ޴ĿӣʥȭͷҲصҶǰһεض
ȻڿУҶǿϵľʹ˫Ȼ·һƣƷײڵ棬һɳȻӲĸıķŴȥ
飡
Ҷصˤڵϣ궼ð˼֣ò˵ʥʵʵֲ̫ȻȭͷϵѾԪһ룬ȻˣһѪҶɴ඼վֱ˫ųŵ棬ƶԼƶ

ƺҲҶľٶȻһ𣬶ʥһУһɾ޴зֱӽҶ
Ҷҧأ˫ָԳһѪ֮ƣҲԼҪײ˵ķʽۡ
ȻǲʵģѪ֮˲ʧ˺ڰ֮УҶҲʥൽǰ
ѪҶ
ʵԴӽħ֮Ҷͷ֣ԼѪ֮ϵбжˣ޷ٻʱѾ޼ƿʩֻܷ˻ϣܹѪԼ
ҶԾûг֣ȻҶ仰ĺʥĶȻ΢΢ͣƬ̣Ҷһ֮ǴͨʮѨλ֮ͻȻʮѨỵָֻ֮̈ǰ̵ĳ˴ʥڡ
ͥѨʥͥѨ̫Ѩʥ̫Ѩ֮ÿһѨȫѨλλã˴ʥӦѨλ
ȻһѨʥȼյսճޣԾһСѨȴǳɹͻƣ˴ʥڣ


1841 
飡
һĳײȻ𣬴Ӵ֮⣬мӰ˽صˤ˵ϡ
ֱǰ˳ǣӺ𣬶ţſڴȻһ£˷֣ϸȥȻһˮΣ
Щˮһ޴ˮĻˮĻ룬һӰ뺷֮ϾȻһԴ
˰Ĺ󣬵Ҳˡ
΢ЦݵòƽӹˣȴǸһˣֱѩϡ
Ǹ˰壬ҶȻоһɼΣյϢǿƲǸ֣ĿǰԼ޷ܵġ
ȻЦŵˣƺǲ׼Լ˰ҿǽкǸ͹ˣ
˲ûӵĻǳʵ˭
Ȫʮ˧֮һ
ⷬҶȻԼϹҰǸΪƷʮ˧кȻһ˿ϣ
ȻȪˣôϹҰԼʦ᲻Ҳأ
ͬʱϹҰ͹ūȷվħˮ֮ϣǵǰվӰоǸĻƷ䡣
ͷ׷޷裬Ʋ˫֮е˸עǰ˵Ʒ䣬죬βҲǶ֣ÿ
ٺ٣࣬˵־Ͳ֣㣬ǿɲ㣡һ֮ȴһĹ˿³˼Ϊϸ
ϹҰüͷ΢࣬ҪˣƽʱӰ룬ٵǸӦѾξˡ
γ֪Ҫ㣬Ϊ˧֮һӵʵҶҶʤ㡣
֣
һץ칭ѾУң趯ֱ԰۳֧׳ľ޼Ȼ
ݣ
ƿֱ֮ʧһѾ˻Ʒ˵ǰ졣
࣬ߣǽˣ
ˣūסǣ
ϹҰ͹ūͬʱڣȻ£Ѿ˫˫˳ȥΨһԥͷսپǣ
˵֮һ˳ȥƷҪأϹҰȴǹЦų˹Сӣʵȴɣˣ㣬죬ҿ˵ʲôҲýˣ
ϹҰһ˲סƷˣūǹ˱β
ԥƮƮ˲ʧŨ֮С
һ·֮ϣȻҲʵ֮ǿȫ޶ãټһκϵ֮ѾȫӺͰȣԼûʲôѾ˽籮֮
Ž籮Ѫ֮д֣΢΢һȻ㹧İȥʦТͽˣʦģ»ȥͽҲСʦƽ
ΰ֮վǰ˰ڶɮ
ǰ´࣬ħ֮ͽ֮ǰܹж˽ȥˣ۽磬Ȼ֪ڶɮǳˣҲԳơ
ڶɮ¶һ˿Ц˵ǲ֪࣬ڵʲô룬ƾһˣȫʦһС
һŰڶɮʩһǾͷǰˣ
ڶɮȻֿڵΪܵԼޣΪʦƽֻڴ˰ڶɣܽС
ǰ⣡
ȻڶɮԼΪʲôȥҶǵԭ
ܿ죬Сл֮Ҵȥڶɮڴͷٴͳǰ͸ǺƣйһںӦûһˣɹǣҵˣʦ֣ټƬ̣
ڳǴ֮УҶԾɱʥץУȻܶȴһ˿ϣΪĿ˿̴ʥ˫֮оȻһ˿ѪɫĹâǰһƬãȻ˵һı䡣
ʦ֣ʦܣѪˣ
ҶͣĽ仰͵ʥУϣܹ份ѹ
ϣ˼ѵ˵ĿⶼϣΪǶǱһ˸ġ
޴ʵ࣬пǻŭȴҲ޿κΣ˳޼ƿʩ
ǿǰκμıᱻ׵ķ顣
ڣ˵ļžãкͷǸң˶ģ
΢΢һЦãǰˣ
ˮĻ֮УͻȻˮֱų˰ͺ֮˲ƶȥ˸޷ͱˮƵĽʵʵ
ţһˮ˱ʥеҶˮҶʱͻȻ顱һˮȻ˲ը˿


1842 
ͨһҶص˵ϣʥҲѾתޱĿ
ʱ˿̣ڴʥ֮ϣȻ˶ʮɫĹ㣬ЩҶԼѨʥڵѨλ
֮ϣһ˿η壬ܹԼĴʥϣоһɿֲѹ
˵ҲȻ𣺡ô£Сӣҵʲô
ڵϵҶǰʥΰӰȦȻ΢΢죬ļ
ˣҧվĵǰȥ
Ȼ֪ʥûѣڵʱ伫Ϊ󣬱ҪϽһۡ
ס
ڰ֮УһɫӰ˳
һƣҶһεķ˳ȥû취ղųʮѨѾեе;ƿݵĵز˵ˣСҲ׾ٵɱ
ڵϣȻûҶȴȻԼȫĹͷɢˣܵĻţ۾úõ˯һ
ܣһҧٴվҵĲţվվˡ
Ķң
ͻȻѩ跢һУ֮ϱҫ۵İɫââ֮У忪ʼǣֱһһ԰ɫʮ׸ߵ
βһ˦ͽץǸ˸ֱҷ˳ȥȻæ

ӵҲûЦݣ̾Ǵ˿̣ںʹʥսȻʥûг֣ȴҶһ¡
ѩ׵ĳ嵽ǰзһŭͬΪѪɫ޽ǳӭȥ
ҶҲ˲ȥۿѩ֮ĶսǼҡҡλεУȻǳŭ𣬵ƺܵʲôԼ޷ԳսֻĿҶԽԽ
ڣ˴ŵӣֹֻҪֹҾͽʮɵ޾͸㱳ˣ
仰ӵ۾һǼΪˣǵľ治Ǻҳ֣Ҳֹ
ʲô˼ѵҪ𣿡
ǵģֻһвܽǴʥҶûܹ赲ǰɣˣһʮ꣬ѵû˯𣿡
˳Ƭ̺ŵҲʰⳡսұӮңҿһ񣬴Ӷѱ˵Ŀƣǰ
һ񣿡Цŵ˯ͿˣʼղΪѣһֻлȥĿܣȻĻҲͬɵһΪ˵ʳ
㣬϶
ϻȻΪʲôᵽҶǣԼӺȻһָǵһְţǽģ
˵¶֮ɫȻǣ
׾ͺã֣ȻĻɣ
Ƭ̵ĳ֮ٴοڣǣʼҸоη壬Ƿȷ󷨵ֻǽһѣ
ֵӳĬˣעҶӰҲȷûܹȷǲ󷨵ʲô㶼ħͬħ磬ζʧ㣬ʧǼȥͿԼѡˣ
ˣ£°ɣҶۣ
˺͵֮ĶԻûбܻڳκˣÿ˶˳֮⣬˶ɻҶҲ˵ʲô
ֻһͷǼһۣʥ󷢶ˡ
ڣûκ£Ҷһ۵ڣ֪˿Ѿֳȫ͸֮ɫƺʱɢ
ǣҲܲκεˣһжһһٴγһѪ֮ƣȻģģһۡ
䣡
һ춯صıըǣͬħƺ˾ҵ֮С
ԶԶɼһһĹӵֱܹأֱڶͬλá
ͬʱѩ裬˳ǣԼͬʱзһâǵü֮âֱӳ
صˤ˵ϣҶһ꿪ʼ͸ƺʱɢ
֮УȻӴӰ֮Уһɵİɫ֮У׳ͻϷ֮У״ʨӵ⥣֮Уһͷ˫ĿѪĺɫ̰ǡ
еǵ֮УһͷȼŻĻɫķݡʥȸ
ңˣ


1843 Ѫ
𣬶ڿеֻʥͬʱ˻֮ʻβϵɢȥȻʼͬǣԼǻҰɫҲʼ˱
ǽǺӸɺԣͬľһ㣬޴Ƭ׹䣬Ƭ֮¶һƬɫգȻǺܴ󣬵ȴޱȵ𺳣ڶ̶Ƭ֮󣬳ڶȻ˾춯صĻ֮
죡
ûмεˣ
ͬʱڼߴĽ籮ȻըһüĿȴµƵ߾Ȼӽ籮֮
ڴİڶɮȻ۾ǰʱ¶˾ϲЦݣʮһħۣþòˣ
һУҶѾ֪ˣһۼɲǣҲΪľȫĳ˯֮С

һ˴ȻҶԺ֮𣬽Ľ˹
Ҷ̧ͷԼǰվһӰȻеģһֱȴ̴ӵϲĵʦ𣡡
Ӱһ뷢԰׵ߣȻòżֲɣǼݣü֮ɢµƣȴҶ̾ܲ³Լʦħ죡
΢΢һЦħ۵Ϻж¶˴Ȱ֮ɫĵ˵ͷң
ȻĹʱҶѾħ۽Ӵˣʱħֻۣһ˿ռҶ壬Ҷûħ۱ˡ
ʦôҶϲʵˣʦôˣʦִʥ
ȻʦҶΪ̫״
ħЦеĿҶļѨģҶ֪£֪кܶ⣬Ҿ͸һЩ𰸡

ҶæħҲ˶棬Ҷ˵ȫѪ֪
ҶһѪѪҵ𣿡
Ǻǣɵӣʵҵ겼ħ֣֮һȻΪˣһȴΪڲѪ֪£ڴ˵ֻǾ԰ȫĵط
ҶӺͿˣΪʲôҪѪ֪
ż˵Ҳõģ˵ѻҪʱ䡣
˶٣ħ۲ŽŵұؽѪʱҲΪѪǼ򵥵񿪱ٳһѺ˵ļҵʵߣҲͻȻ֣ѪǼô򵥣ҵ𷴿Ҫ飬ڰвٿء
ϧǸʱ֪Ѿˣ֮£ֻֻ·ҽѪĴʦԯ콾
ħ۵ⷬҶͬɵһ㣬ƺѾȫ޷⻰˼ˣħҲδͣ£ŵѪһٳĿռ䣬ʮλʬ
Ҷ䡱һ¾վһƬհס
ħ۵ûǿ˵ѪһߣһɽļΪҪ鹤ߡ
򵥵˵һҲ޷·ߵɽţǾ뵽취ʮλʬѪѪ֮йѺ飬ЩѪԹѪģѪγԼ꣬ʮλ۶ɣ
Ҷ
Ҷ뵽ڡ
꣬ȻҪʮλ۶ɵ֮ѾˣҲ޷꣬ǣʦͽĳ֡
ǵĳɳѪܲɷֵģȻѪеһУҲȻ뵽ǵ壬ǵѪҺ֮УԿһĿľΪ׳ǵҲ׳ԸġѪսĹǲȫġ
֮һеĿĹܼ򵥣ʮλΪһ壬һں֮󣬳ΪһȫµĴڣӶȥߵɽţ
ִӵɲһһӵʮô򵥣Ҫʮ˱
ð֮Ҷǽʦⷬˣʦ˵ѪһŴڵ壬ǸѪ
ħصһͷǵģҲģʱҲı䣬ھ֪֮ĴڣǡҲҰѪˣѪҺ̺֮ǿ˵㲻ƻĹؼҲܷƻһŵĹؼټ㻹λʦ֣Ȼδ棬ȴԽʱղ־֣ΪľǽЩ飡


1844 ħ
ǹѪ࣬ҲֻҲܹЩ飬Ҫסһ뿪붼ҪȥЩ飬ΪѪӦѾںϵһģҲ֪һôҲ֪ʲô
Ҷ侲ʦӦô죿
ǿҵ֮вСеġ͡һһὫ㣬УӦڴһĴɹôѪǶ޲ߣҲֱܹߵɽš
ʦɽ𣿡
⣬ħ۳̾˿޷϶Ĵ𰸣ӦУϾĹҲȥˣʥһԲĴڣֻпɽ硣
ʦ㣬꣬ǣҶۣСʵ
ħ۹һЦȻħۣʦȴֲħۣô˵أֻʮǰħǿзָһ˿γɵĴڣӵ֮ǰħ۵м䣬ħ֮飬ȴ޷ֻ֪ǣħۣ
ħۣ
Ҷ߶仰
ǲеʧħۺЦҶ֪ħǷ񻹻ţϧҸ𰸰
ҶҡͷʧǷҵʦңҼʦ϶ţ
ãҴڵĿģһΪ˸Ѫ࣬ǳ׽ط
ҲӦˣطʵϾһЩ񣬻˵ǡ𡯿ٳģΪľˣξɵ꣬ɵ磬ӶΪԼֻЩͬΪɣ˵ҲһĪвǱҪ취ֹ
Ҷ뵽Ϻ뵽ĵǣŵӦ񣬼ǵĻķ
ΪһΪΪһǺĿһģҪݻˣ񲢲ɱˣΪһεʵ̫ˣǻ뾡취ΪУǣȴǱ뽫ɱȻһħħܻʵ統С
ħֻǴڷսУܵʵ֮Уǲ۳ĸ磬һ޴ĺƽ١
֪ˣʦƴȫҲὫɱЩĲǵĶ֡
ģΪ񣬱˴֮䶼ŸԼսУΪ˱ƻе磬ǲ֣ȻĻֱӽ˸ˣαҪȵ졣
Ҷ˵ʲôħȴǴһЦٴҶļˣʱˣˣȻҪˣ⣬ҴڵһĿģǿ
ħ֮ⷬҶĿξȻʼ͸˲䣬źЦݾը˿ǧ㣬Ҷ˹
ʦ
ҶһȻǰ˹ȥȻȴ˸գ۾Ȼ˳Ͱ˵ס
Ҷһ֪ԼѾΪʦ룬Լָ˴ȵ
ʱ˿̣ѾȻ޴棬һƬ̵ɽȣڵϣʥҲɺţվԶϴ粻֮ɫҶ
Զֻ޴ʥڿУ˫۶ǽϣ֪ڳ˯ʲô
ȻѾˣȴӰ
Ҷװɣ˽ңұ㻽Ѵʥ
Ȼӿڵ
Ҷһ۴ʥΰɽıӰûӣ˳ǣô
˳û£ֻʥеѣֻҪȵȹܻ֮عǵ壬ԭȻӵȸ֮꣬ûҲܳɹ
Ҷһ˿ԵĿգΪѾףȻϵı󣬾һǹ⽫ӵȸ֮뵽ԼߣΪľǰˡ
ǣ˼ȻѾѣôǾӦ÷ҪԸԼˣ
ϣѹ֮ǰʼûкɫ֪һ㣬ǸߵкӦʼձڹ
ৣ
ͻȻĸɫӰҶܣǰĴ޺ֻ˿ǵԴ֮һɫԶ޾գü֮һִ۵̫ͬĹ⻪ɢһɱŰϢ
ȻǱ˵ľżһˣ
ǳ𣺡ĸоҲͦһʮ꣬ʱһֽˣСӣ㲻ɱ
ʦܣ
һȴ˵ӰҲˣ


1845 ͬ
ʦ֣
Ҷ۾ȻԴڻһ֮Ȼֱʱ䲢̫ãʱ޿̲ٴμԼʦ֡
Ц˹ȻͬһվһںŵĴʥʱЦݶȻϣȻֱֱĶŴʥҲһ
ȻҲûмʥս죬ͬѪУȴʶǰ󺺣ԺԼźĹϵ
ʦ֣ʦִʥս죬ֻ˸ʧǣղѨƺɲǣϧȻС
Ҷһ˵һ߾ȥȻһʼհΧĴ޺֮УȴѾһͻȻ֡
ָȻצӣצ֮ϾȻ˿˿˸ͬһҶֱץȥ
ҶüĶȻһŽ⣬˫֮вֻǱ˷˸ʱ˿̣У޺֮϶Ȼʮ㣬ӦѾͨʮѨλ
צ֮ϵ߸㣬ľ̫ԨѨ
̫Ԩ֮ˮ
ҶƾһУһɫٲȻԷ̫ԨѨгӿ˳޺ȥ
һ޾ˮ£Ȼ޺֮ϣȻͬͷϷɫ׳ϣ˲Ϣʧ١
һĻڳ˶¶֮ɫҶԼҲе㲻ţͷԼƣԼģ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷʦ˵Ļ͡֮УȻȻʦѾԼΪһ壬ôֹžȻȫԼԺ
һлһ޺Ҷûгʤ׷ǳΧȦߣĵʦ֣
ҶһҶļ򣬹һЦֱǿˣ
ʦ֣ôˣ
ϹҰ˵㣬ָˣҴӼȪ˵ĿУ֪Ĵ˧Ҫһϼ֮£֪ӦԸģʦܣǵ¿ɲСǵúã
ȻҶʦ֣УҲǽҶɺޱչˣ񿴵Ҷƽ£ʵ˴ȵϻο
ʱ˿̣ĳ֣ԼҶǿõӵɫ˧ڻûг֣ۿƶԽԽˡ
ʱ˵ȴٴ𣺡ۣͬһ˵ĳǲĴϣǱǵʦְɱǣ
һɫʾͷͻȻֱ˴ʥսͷ֮ϣʼľĴսһڶĶʮҲ֮ʧһ˵̧˫ȭҶ
ȭ֮Ϻɫƣȭ֮ϣɫȣսʽǰʽƣ
˿̴սзʽȴûԭȵĺɫɫȫԺɫ֡
˫ȭͬʱɽƺĺ˶ûУռ϶Ѷ
ʦ֣
һѾͽҶϵԼͬҲ˫ȭӭȥ
¡
ʦֵܶ˵ֻȭͷһ̣ȫĺݺײһ
춯صľУֻƺҪɢǵսˣһζ֮Ѫ

һƺߴֱӷ˳ȥҶ󣬷סײʵ̫ǿˣº϶֮Ҳ޷ֵͬʱ˳ȥ
ٿʥȴԭһ罫ͷø߸һûκεͣ٣ŷɳȥȥ
Ҳˣ˺кͷ֮⣬˶ɱˣ
´Դѩ֮걻ʥ֮Ϊʧȥֶָԭ֮һ˿ЦһУһͽ˳ץ
ûû֮꣬ڵ˳ûκεмֱ֮ӱס˲ӡ
Ķң
ѩĴţĿһۣᣬһۿ˳ĲӾҪϵ
ס֣
һɫͻȻݺݵĸ첲֮ϣⲻ֮£Ҹţֱ۳ʹɿ˳
ˣ
ɫֱֱĲ˵£ͷųɽ⣬γһɫĻ֣ס
ԶǸڶɮȻź뷨ʦҲˣȻ˿̺뷨ʦ״̬ʮȴǴοЦݣЦעҶ


1846 ն֮·
뷨ʦͰڶɮ˶ʱһŭ뷨㾹ȻԼ
뷨ɫƽĵ˭˵ҲԼҾ꣬ģ廹ǣȻһ
ǣʦ֣
ڶɮ˫ֺʮĴӦһֱһʱҶ˵ȫࡣ
壡
һʺȣҶ̸оԼ֮һǿӺҲɼ뿪ԭأԼ˹ȥ
ò˵뷨ʦͰڶɮĸɮȻ֪ǶǵˣȴԾɽǵҲ˹
֮Σֻ룬ѾˣôȻԺںˡ
˵궼»ع֮󣬺뷨ʦϥ£徹ȻߣһһƮ֮ϡ
һķ𣬴Ӻ뷨ʦĿ˳ȵľģ
ʼֻһ˵ţֶһԭǵҲѾ£ź뷨ʦ˳ȵľģ󣬰ҲŴӵС
Ȼֻ˵ȴͬĺĳһ㣬ԽԽԽԽ죬Ĵ硣
֮ϣֳһӰׯϣգȱоģһʱ֮䣬ϵ£ֻʣޱߴȱ
У˵϶ֳһŽ⣬ӳ˴ӵһֱʣȻγһɫĴԣŸߴɫӭҡҷɳɳ죬һ߲ʺţڴ֮ͬһɫţһ߲ˮ
ľͷ֮ǧɣֳ죬ԼɼŽɮµĺУЦƺڵȴӭǰĿˡ
ն֮·
Ŀ³ĸ֣ڵĻ󣬾Ǹն֮·ģԭΪֻǴ˵е·û뵽Ȼܹ۵üλʦѾɷ𣬲Ին֮·ЩиˣȻʮĽʧȥ˺ܹ̤ܶ࣬ն֮·ϴٵǼ硣
ʦ֣м𣿡Ҷ̲סʵ
Ҳ֪Ȼô߼УӦþаɣ
Ҷ˵ͷɽѾ֣֮С£ãȻ֮ɫҶһָն֮·СܴʦĳȰɣ
Сһ֮󣬵˵ͷ徹Ȼضһ֮£˿Уҷն֮·
վʺ繰ŵǰ棬СȻعͷҶ˴ĵллǣλ磬лл֣ҽСҲǵģ
һϹ֮Сת̤ն֮·һˮȥ֮С徹Ȼϵȫʧ·ո£ݹǻ˸һ
ٴλͷ˻˻֣Сϲģһһն֮·ľͷȥ
СӰʧ֮ؼȻһĻ澰ӵ˿Уÿһ궼һŽӿն֮·
ܴ˿Щ϶ãȻη壬ǵһǲ߲ˮϴ֮󣬾ͬһ㣡
˶ĬĬעһĻ澰ƺУûκε
̤ն֮·ԽԽ࣬ħȻҲԽԽ٣ûʱ޺徹Ȼʼ΢΢ĲǵҲ¶֮ɫ
Ȼ̧۳ɹ֧ʸͬʱֱ޺ʹʥսͷ֮ϵǵɫ

ϧ˷ˣһŭ֮󣬴ʥսһȭֱӽ֧ʸͳͳ˷顣
Ҷ˺뷨ɱǣɱɱ
ƺѾŭ˼£Ĵǳ֮£޺ʹʥս죬ͬʱˣҲٴ˳
𣡡
뻮һ޺ͬʱ֮еֻ꣬Ȼâ˸˵ڡ
ԭ˿б궼Ѿ̤ն֮·ʹʥ
壬˳̷һ޺忪ʼѸٱǣӣצӣݺݵ߹
ҵģ
ѩһ߳ͬͬʱһָһ׹֮ͬһ㣬
ɱ
޺ֱ˳ͺǣʥսٴζҶ˹
ҲͬʱУǰҶ֮⣬˶ɱˣ
ſͣ³һȫˮ۳ɵɫˮΧˮĻҲǶȻըֱֻ֣ץ˳ǺѾɳȣӿеİ


1847 ֮
޺ֱ˳ͺǣѩҶʥս칥
Ϻ֮⣬˼˶֣Ȼȥ˳ǣȴס
ҶƵϺָʹ﻽˲ҽץߵģͬʱҲ֪ħ쾿ʲô
ȻħµĶҶ֮⣬ǲ֪ˣץˣҲζҪҶǾѶ֡
ǰϵȻǲκԥͨôʱҶһľҶðȥһĻڴ˿ԥ֪׸òó֡
ˣֻʱԹۡ
ʦܣȥѣʦֽˣ
һҶͽƳ˴ʥķΧԼǶ˴ʥ
ҶؽҧûٻȥΪҲǴʥĶ֣֮ƣֻȽµˣȻ취Ͼֱڻûг֡
ӵӰȴǳҶǰ¶ЦݵҶѾãڵüľѧɣ
ȻԷӣʵԼߣʱҶҲ͵ӷϻֱһȭ˹ȥ
ӲܲЦݣгһɫֱ֮Ҷ˹ȥ
ͬʱӵüѿȻһֻۣ˿ߣͬһ㣬Ҷȥ
һ̣ҶֻǰһڣеĹȻȫʧֻ޾ĺڰңҲ͸ڰ
ӵ𣺡ä˵ĸоôң㻹ûŶ
飡
ȻҶȴ׼ȷԺɽס˵Ӵ̹Ǳɫֱ΢΢һͬɽһ˳ȥ
֮򣡡ҶԱ۾ֳֺɽĶŸոձԼһĵӵ֮ѵͽҿ𣿡
֪ˣ
ٴһЦü߾ȻѸٲһ𣬻һϢҶֱ۴˹ȥ
ֻ̽Ҷûֻ֮޷ȷҶĵַ֮
ۣ
ҶԼȻûвֱ֮۶ʱֱӶʱͻȻһ
Ǳ׼ջȥĹ֮Ȼ˿Уͬסһƾ޷ջأɫռ䷨򣡡

ɽ˳Ź֮Ĺ˿Ȼ˵üеۡ
Ȼӵûбռ䷨סǹȴסˣԶҶһֻܱ۾Ӳնǧ˿βż˳ȥ
ҶȻۣǰָֻ˹һЦһѾӵǰʧӴһǻһڶ߼һγһ׹֮ףųҫ۵Ĺâ
ﬡһ죬ɽֱӴ˹֮֮ϣʱâ磬ҫգһ̣һָҶȥ
ȻһΣЩȴھҶ廹аԶĵطͱһ֮ס޷ǰֺ
ǿռ䷨򣡡ӵһ˿ջǿռ䷨ĺô÷֮ԽԼΧĿռۣʵĻԵֵһй
ҴĿռ䣡
ӱһкɫ˲䱩ǣһľ޽ͬһɽһٴҶݺݵȥ
Ҷ¶ЦݣҡҡͷҲһʧ˵ӵ
¡
ɫ޽صڵϣֱôһȻҲ˸գĵӷŭصĴеҶɸҸһս
Ҳˣû취Ĺ֮ȫռ䷨ѹסˣһȴʩչ
ҶȴһЦã㣡
˵֮ҶԵӣнҲٴξͬɽһĺɫ޽ѹȥ
ҶιȻٶֱһ𣬺ɽ֮ӿޱߺԪ˲ϢҲŴͬδһ㣬ӭ˺ɫ޽
䣡
ײһѣǻΣ̳գڴеȫòͣˡ
ɢ¶˵ӰȻվԭδƺ£ƾУǵսֱֻȴţ֮һĨʺ컺¡
ʦľ磬Ѿ죬
ȥǵѪο֮ɫ
ʱһˮͻȻʣҶ󣬶ҶͷҲأһָˮȻתֱӴ˵ӡ
ӳˮʧɫѿڶ㾹Ȼַ֮


1848 ˻
ȻǱĶ㿪ˮĹǸ첲֮Ծɱһ˺ۣȴƺоʹֱֱĶҶ
ղĻ˶ˣҶͣһַ֮Ѿ˲õˣȻھȻַ֮
ֻ˳ȻǰҶĹһԼļԼоѪҺƺΪ̣֮ӣǸʱҶѾƿ˵ڶַ֮ˮ֮
Ҷŵӵս
£ҶѾٴ˲˵ӵǰ˫Ҳ˵ʮѨλ㡣
֮ͥ⣡
ҶıȣӵͥѨ϶ȻһŹ⣬âֵɲǣΪ֮һȴμʱϵҶǰʼΧߵˮ֮жȻһâҫȻƵҶò۾ͬʱμٺˡ
֪ͬƿˮ֮򣬶ƿصĳ̶ȱԼֻ߲ͣټΪĸ֣ʵ֮ǿԼܹԸġ
˵ȫ֮ҶһָӵӣҪɱˣ㲻ңҲ򣬵ҪֹҵĻôǾͲݣɱңҲֲ˺ȥ
ӳĬˣ˿̱ﻢ£Ȼ౻ʥսסԿɱҶҶ󣬻һλڶɮֳֽɫȣΪĿĺ뷨ʦ
ֻʣ꣬λڶɮҲʮǰĸɮ˭ʤ˭δ֪
ҶٴĿ˵һۺȻʧǧ֮⡣
һ޺Ҫ˶ǵǣҳ
˳΢΢ͷͻȻӳյ֮ǰڲõͭƣﬡͭأȻǶ˵£гɻ״ýһ޺Χơ

˳һյͭƶʱð˻棬̼󣬻죬˵е޺ˣΧҲоһƬ֮ڿı仯
ҵı֮ȼͭƣģ
˳סһ޺ǱߺҲǸɴ䣬ֱ֮֮ӲĶ˺ֵ޺壬˿С
ٻͷ۵İޣ֮һ޺С
ڳеٴη˱仯ֻʣѩʹʥڽ֣һԹۡ
Դʥûл֮мǼΪѣƬ֮䣬ѾȭѪ죬⻹ڴʥǴڱƵ״̬ƺӡסˣȻĻԴʥս죬˴޵ֵʵ͵ˡ
ѩ֮ĴΪȻ˴˶˾޴ޱȵȴֹͬһ㣬ڿһ
˶֪ǵĴƺȫʵȴյģ˴˶ԻƶԷвһ󣬾ͽ޿ء
ģѩֳܱ˰ɫĺ˫ԽԽΧҲ˺ɫĻ棬ϧܵѹƣûжá
ˣ˶ʱҲ޷ֳʤʱ˿̣ҶѾ˳Ŵʥͷӵǵɫ˾ͷ֮
ɫֻʣֵһ˿ǿҪɢһ㣬ҶЦһֱ˺˿ռ䣬֮С
ٴ޾ڰգҶĬĬܵˣȻ㶼ˣΪʲô
ͻȻ˵𣺡Ѿǰˣ
Ҷоһˣа֣ȻԼȷоһǿϢǸڵײںδ
˰㵽ڻ֪ҵʵĿɣ
ҶڿˣƬڰ֮УƮһ㵭ͬĺɫ壬дһһƬɫ壿
Ϊأ˴˿ŪΣ֪ˣ֪ٸʮˣҲӵƬ״ڴ֮ǰֻӰӰӣ
ӰӰӣ˵Ҷе׽͸ȴӰأܹ˸ץסȻӰˣ̫֮ͬӰô֪᲻ܹͻ˥ࣿ
ͷҶԺнһţΪˣûκεİգκζʮ꣬ҲͳɾˣοʮУֻˣʼʿǵ꣬˭֪Ѿǿ˺ֵز
ǲǾӲó֣أ
ǰǲ㵭ĺɫȻ۵һһӿ֮󣬳һӰӰҶжʱŭĹâԭȱٵ⣡
ǵģʱ˿̣˾Ȼ˰ӣֻһϮ°ɫɮ۱˺ɫſʵҲû˿Ĵȱ֮⣬еģֻɱ


1849 ɱ
ŭ֮£Ҷȭˣ˲㲻ϴŲм֮ɫעҶҶһѵ˵Ϊ˱һ壬ûЧ
ȻҶȭͷǴ֮ϣֱӴ˵壬ûжκʵԵ˺
Сӣɱҵģ˵Цʮǰʦɱңڣһɱңֻǣûʦôˣܽߣ㣬ȴΪҵһ̵֣֮Ǹкͷǣɲ񣬾λҲ̫Զˣ
ɣ֮Σ
£ΧտʼŤڰͨҶ֣ܳÿһͨһɵĴ죬ͷų˵ҶҪȫɡ
һ̣ҶˣΪ䱾ԣĹҲΪ
ɽҶͷϿգͬʱҶ˫۹â䣬棬ȵ˺ɨգѪɫ·֣Կռ䷨֮Ҫ赲Щͨ
¡
ЩͨЧǿռ䷨֮ӲĽͨ˿ֻǣ˲ֻ֮£ҶֻĿһͨſ죬Լȫû
𣡡
ͨȻһͬҰް˻ű˴˼俪ʼ˻ɣֱͨȫʧڻָƽ
ߣ˵¶һ˿ЦȻˣǲҾͲˣСӣʵʵĴҵξ֮УҴ֮ʰ㣡
һ˺ѿ¶ʵռ䣬һΪҲ֪ǶץңϧҿɲǵˣֻҪЩ𲻳֣ô¼ûκεңʱҲҪɷ񣬺ƽƽ
ɣɱˣһ
ղҶ˽ֵʱӰ쵽ڴʥսĲٿأôʥ±˵ܣܽҵĻ˴ϢĻᣬ˵ȫ룬ͣĴŴͬʱа˼˵ʵͬһ澵ӣ˶ǿжǿ֪ʦûа취ԸеĻңҲûбʤİհ
䣡
ͻȻֹĴʥ̧˫ȭۿɼľ޴Уȭͷ֮ͬʱž޴Բǧ֮ڵһˣȫɼ֮зȥ
飡
һɾʯոײеıԵ˲ը촷ۡ
ˣ
Χɽھ޴֮£ɽһѷ쿪ʼɽ֮ϣ
䣡
ʼոڵߵˣУҽȻը
һ̣ڳ˵϶¶˾֮ɫսʽǿһʽս˫
κ˶ûа취ֿһУֻܽ߾ܵĵֵǾ޴
˳Ӧ죬ڴʥȭɲǣȻֱԾԼͭƲµ֮Уԥһƽ޺󷨵ı֮£ڵȫġ
⥣ǻ̰ǣǻãֻſ˫۵ϵǰڶɮһ壬ųһɫ뷨ʦ͵λס
ˮĻǼһˮ˩ס˵ӵ壬ֳַһˮˣ۳һֻצǶ˵¡
ѩΪ˴ڻսһƺûзӦֻӴһȥ
ɣ־ɣԽԽ־壬ǵԽζ
˴Զǰ˵״̬ϴ̰Цݡ
˿ڵӣ뿴˰˳ô£ȴɵһ㡣
һʦأ
Ѿҵˣżһ飬סǵ꣬ܿǶҵžۣǲǺܴȱ˵˻ģš
ɱ㣡
ҧأһ߿Ŵʥȭͷϴһ߾칭£һ
ಣ
ͬǰҶȭͷһʵĹ˵Ӱ졣
ûõģȻ뷨ʦڵ˱Ӱ֮Ӱ߱ʵ壬ĹЧġ
ʦѵûа취Ը𣿡
뷨ʦȻ˰һۣȻ㽫Ŀ⿴˵ӣһЦ㷨ŵ𣿡
΢΢һû뵽澹ȻʱͻȻԼ˵æ˫ֺʮĵǵģӷŵӣ
뷨ʦ΢΢ͷһ㣬һŽӵüĵҽҵĴȫ㣬Ҫ㽫䷢󣬶ϣܽ˶ɻˣ𷨣ɼסˣ
̹ڵأӼסˣ
뷨ʦſڶɮģʦһˣ
ڶɮͬĿ죬һҧͬڵصʦ֣ʦ͵


1850 
뷨ʦЦͷվҹȥɣ
ʦ֣ڶɮʣ֮ڻĬĬץסǱɫȡ
ɫâ˲ɢ뷨ʦԴʥսͷųǿȻ˿ƽԼ
뷨Ҫʲô
̲סڵ
뷨ʦ˵ˣҵԼѾ
仰֮󣬺뷨ʦ̧Ŵʥսȥ
ȻӸղź뷨ʦĻУ˶ܲ³λɮҪԼ֤ĿһĻȴÿ˵жӿһɳ֮飬Ӻ⡣
뷨ʦׯϣһϾȻͻһɫһһߵ˴ʥǰЦݣŴʥʩ
ͬʱԺ֮ͻȻ˺뷨ʦĴˣֻܽ
һ̣뷨ʦȻһܹݻУ̼ɢ⣬ͬ買һȫӿ˴ʥڡ
ʦ֣
棡
ʦ
뷢˾֮ӿ룬ƵͻȻʧʥսҲջȭͷ㶵վԭء
͸ɼڳ˺ɫ壬⣬֮ɫ̱ɢͬһɢȻżʧ
ԭǺ뷨ʦԼΪʥս죬꣡
Ƭ̵Ĺеĺɫʧ٣ɫҲǵȻ޴棬ʥս±ôޱȣͬϾһ㣬ʼͷϵ˽ĺɫҲ𽥰ֱӰ
뷨
˷һŭ
ʥս˵ұۣ뷨ʦʥȳǶ˵һ۰򣬿֪εķŭˡ
ʥսվԭأԭãҲ峺ڣ̧ͷǰ¶һɻǣ
򵥵֣ÿ˵ķӦͬ˳Ȼǿ֮Ӻ˵ɫȴǱüΪѿ
ѵĿɲһˣǴʥս죬Ǹһ·򵽰޵ֵĳǿߣҶʦ֡
ڣĳ֮⣬Ķˡ
õ΢е㰲ĵľǴʥֻ߱״̬ĻʵȻܵ
ϲæڵʦ֣Ǵ࣬Ѫһţʦܣ
ʦܣʥ΢΢ۣĵҺһܳܳΣʲô벻ˣ˭
˯˽ʮ꣬ټϴʥһֱοƣȻ뷨ʦһʱ֮仹ûлع
ʦ֣Ǵʥս죬Ƿսеһս㱻˿ƣѾ˯˺ܾõʱ䡣
ʥ۾Ƭ֮ȻһɺƵƴ֮ϼͬȵ˳һ㣬ƵȫòˣǴʥս⣬ֲ˼£
ȻʥѾһУΪ뷨ʦĹϵҲ֪ڴ˵ط飬ǳǸĶ˵ͷʦܣһ˵ǵ¡
Ȼ󣬴ʥתӺͰڶɮʩһӽԺҾǲػߣֻҪһһ죬ͻᱣ֤ƽ
ӺͰڶɮȻں뷨ʦȥı֮УʥĻͬʱ˴ʥ仰͵ӣպĿԸˣٳ֮⣬ûκκܹ˺
ڶɮ۵ӵӣԺ󲻶ͽˣͬʦ˵㲻ҪչΣرļɣʦˣҲ·ҲҪػɮ
棡
ò׼Լλ棬Ȼڣλ澹ȻȺҪ뿪
ڶɮߵ˰ߵǵҸ˵ҪһѪ𣿡
վǵã
Ҿ͸㣡
ڶɮüͻȻѿһκķѪлƮֱ˰üģȻһ⣬ٿȻʧ
ǻѪ
֮ѪξеĻ󣬶֮ʵڵһѪ˵λѪһУĸ
񣬰ڶɮλѪڰھǽԼ͸
ѪʧڶɮǱеһһ¾̱ڵأæҪȴڰ־ܾ¶οЦݣɣʦ֣ˣ
ǲ
µͬʱڶɮ֮ϾȻһѷ죬ţѷԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣͬˤ˵Ĵһ㡣
ѷһʱ򣬰ڶɮҲը˿ͬɫ㣬ƮƮգ


1851 ɫξ
գ֮䣬λػ˵ʮĸɮѾȺ
һԼ꾻ʥ꣬份ѣһǽѪɹἺΪˣػ;ڳÿ˶ܸ
ǴʥͰˣжѴ⣬ܹ뿪˵أô֮꣬λɮػ
ſаڶɮɢķ˫ֺʲͱ֮תˣͬʱʥսҲ˫Ŀŭˣˣֶ꣬Сʦ֣ܳսĳն㣡

ԴʥͰ˿壬ЦղСҲô˵ģˣȴҸξ֮УЩ˰޴֮ѵΪɱңɣɣҵξɣ
Ӻһۺһͷһӣ߸ԾȻһ޴㣬ɣβһ˦ѾԶ۶ȥ
Ȼ֪֮£һʥսǳԲ˶ˣԱ˵ץסˣŻܶʱ򣬱סҪ飬ѡܡ
ǵͻȻߣȻȥ׷Ǵ˿˵ĿѾ󺰳֮Σ
£ΧĿռ̿ʼѣ¶һڰͨǰԸҶһС
ÿ֮ͨжͷųͬŴͣɶȥ
ղź뷨ʦң˵ֻҲǽ˵ĹؼҸô˳
˳΢һӦǺȱʧһйϵУղŰڶɮǰ͸ĻѪǲʱ㲹ȱʧ
ǣ
֪ˣֻҪȱʧһ֮꣬ջأӦþܹԸˡ
ã
Ӧһü֮ѿһ϶һɫȻƮ͸ϣׯϣ˫Ŀ΢գдʡ
ҡҷͷųһȦȦĽɫ̺ƵƣȻʱֿסͨд
ͬʱ֮еҶȴͬһƬλһ㣬еأɽˮвݣΨûһУǾֹģҴŨɫ
µգǻƵޱߵĴأ̵ķֲһеһУǻһþˣжĵĸо
֮ţΪλΣָ뿪Ҷܣĵ
ӦһֻܵɫôŨΨûкɫضǻɫģӣ˻һ磬϶൱ɫ
Ҷ²ⲻûиݵģ֮ļԻǾ䣬Σ֪ˣ֪ܿ˵ʵԱΪӰӵӰӣ˵׼ԿһƬޣܵκעӡ
ˣʶ֮꣬ͻӵҪӶֲĵԱԣɫξŸָŨ£Ҳ׵µɫΨûĺɫ
Ҫ뿪ǷֻҪֺɫͿˣ
뵽Ҷϥ˿УĿ˼
ɫǴصɫҲ֮ɫôֻҪͷų֮Ϳˡ
Ҷؼе֮Կ׵ĵκȻʼԵʱŷ֣統УԼȻȫˡ
Ȼ統УΪ˵ˣϣҲκ˶˿ĸı䡣
ҲҶţֻҪкɫ뿪ξ硣
Ҷ֮Ͽʼ˿˿ƣԭɫĵƣȻȥ˽ɫ£ָ֮ɫĵ
Ϊ˶ܴ׷ɱҶͽԼĵд֮У˵ξУȴٴεԼĵˣ
ҶĵǺд㣵ģдôĵһ֣дȻ֮׷ɱûгֵĻͿĵƿξ硣
ʵ˵޴ڣҶĵȻ˵ξôҲûе
ò˵ĶˣЩʵƣͬһһ裬ճһ켣Щ켣ﵽǧʱڻһ
һλĿռڳһѷ죡
ѷ򿪵˲䣬ʵ̻صҶڣһУһźɫȻѷ֮л˽
ɫ統УڳһĨɫ
ͬʱ統У˰ʹʥ֮⣬˵һ붼Ѿڰͨɡ
䣡
ͻȻһ촫еͨһը˿Ƭ˷
ǧƬУҶӰ֣


1852 ȫ
ͨʧ˶䵽˵£ֵҶÿ˶¶ϲ֮ɫ
ٿ˵ĿǷһĲҽȻҶܹξӳ˵൱ĴԿ֮ϣҲͬ鿪ͨһ˴Ĺѡ
ܣ㲻ӳҵξ
ҶЦŵʲôܵģڲվǰ𣿡
ãŭһźͰһģһϲƣ˿˿֮ӿӳҲɱңǲģ
ʱͻȻһˣôſĴ֮г˽ȥͬʱȴĵȥ
ԭ˷ŭʱ򣬽Լ˵ڡ
Ȼȱһİ㼫Ϊǿ󣬵ӵ˰ڶɮǰ͸һλѪȴǸİϾǿǴʮ֮ǿ֪
ټڱʹŰȱٵһ꣬ƾ֮еĹȷðӵжĳɹԡ
Űĳ룬˾˾ֹŴ˵עȻȫеϣɹĻôħ֮оԲɹˡ
ʱû˹עȴ˫ֶˮʱˣʱˣʱֿԼĵܵ
񲻵ҪҶħ磬Ҫ˴ߣʵȻֻӵȸ֮ԣ
Ϊʥ֮һ𣬺ʥ˵һӵż޵еʵ֮ȸ꣬Ҳ״̬һȫ⿪ΪȸĻôʥһܹס
ҲΪʲôľǽǰԭ
ǣʱȴ˼Ϊѵľ֮Уˣ͵ںҶ˺˲ܣôǸĶ֣
ԥʱ˳ͻȻԺϣЩˣʵĵˣǸ߸ϵȻȷǼΪǿ󣬵ȴкǿңţʱգܹսʤ񣡡
Ҳ֪񵽵ʲôвǽܣҿԸ㣬վߣôǾһ壬񣬻κ˵вǶֵܰѡΪУôԲǻȥҲֹ㣡
Ծڴˣڴѡ񣡡
˳Ļÿֶͬһشһصôϵļ䣬ףԭԼһУ뷨ʵ˳֮С
˼Ƭ̣б⣬תȥܵܣӽ쿪ʼǾ͸Ҷߣô
ܺðҶǶǺˣĵͷ¶֮ɫңߣҸоܰȫ㣬ǲҲĸо
ȫ
΢΢һЦԼûз֣ȷҶһȻʱʱ̶̿ΣգȴܸԼһְȫĸоһ˶ŵĸо
Ƕı˳Ǵȱɱ¾еİǰڳһɫĺǣһְȫУ˵Ҷˣ

˳ʹĽͻȻ𣬴ϵĳ˼æ̧ͷ˹ȥ
ֻ˵ü֮ų˽ɫĹââ֮У겻ɽһһɫķƣɢε˵ܡ
˵֮ѾʼƬƬ䣬߲ͬǽƤһĺɫӿ˳ȴǱһεӸסһ㣬뿪帽⣬ֻ֮ڲͣڡ
ءȡ䡢ˣ
ͻȻſͣ³֡
Ƿڵԣΰ
γֽķţÿ֮жɢһС͵У֮©ĺɫ壬ֳɣԴԴϵӿɫ֮С
ţ˵ĲҽУͿ˵ۿɼٶѸСֻʣһԴʱ͵طһ𣺡Ҳʰ
žડһԴҲ˿һźɫ壬ӿС
ֻʣ°ǽɫƯڿУɫţ״
ŰȻۣɫŻâٿȻ˰ĿУһҫ۵Ľⱬըׯϵ֮»صԼڡ
ɹˣ
ÿ˵ļ˷ܵź
𣡡
Ȼһ޴ĺͬװըգʼձֺѩŵ֮ڡ
ʱ˿̣ѩǾ޴β֪ʱȻ˿ԭȵһ


1853 Ѫľ
ѩǾβѩȻֵʱԼԻβͣɼ֮ʱоɣ
ȻȴԵã˫Ӧѩռơ
ʱҶԺ˳ĴȹʵͬһִڣҼѾȹգΪ̫ͼ㣬ǲ翼ǽҲգΪ̫ͼ㣬ϣ
Ҷһʱ־ϲȷۿ۳̫ͼֻֻȹ䵽㣬Ψȱһ㣬ͼȫȷΪʺϳ䵱Ĵڣ˳Ķˡ
ѩҲ˹Ҷ磬Ѿ˵ˣͬǲ߱ʵʵѾҵĻþ֮Уʱ޷Գô˻Ὣա
ã
ҶӦһüѿ꾹Ȼһ֮³˳ֱӳϷһӾ޽ǵͷ֮ϡ
ֻаƴСҶ꣬ͷ˵Ҳֱͬһۡ
Ҷܵǵ⣬ͻȻ˿ǧ˿ϸĽɫ˿ߣӴƶȥ
Ȼɣǽѳ˿ȴ޾һ㣬Լٶ֮زƣƬ̹ȥѾһֻ޴롣
ţҶü֮ϣȻٴѿһ죬ͷųʱ޴뾹ȻģͻȻʵãͬһ㣬ӿҶüġ
ˮһ㣬ԴԴϵӿҶ꣬Ƭ̹Ӵȫʧ١
顱һʧͬʱѩҲڳܲסӿֱӵ䵽˵棬Ѹٵıı࣬һֻβѩ˫Ŀգһ
˳æ߹ȥʥսѾȵȱѾͷĵ̫࣬ʱڣӦ۾ɣڽ뾵Уȵ֮ٽߡ
˵֮󣬴ʥĿͶڿеҶꡣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪ǿ֮С
ȻѾǿգȴҲӻ֮˿ԼĴ֮ϹԹԾͷڷ˻Ҫѳȥ
ֻϧЩϵĽɫߣ˿ҶҲޱĿȴŽ併
ϲȹ̫ͼڿԲˣ
һͻȻҶ𣬺þδķҶڳˡ
ߵǿϷģŵķҶҶм̾ҪֳʦԼľ棬ǼæͷѹȥΪȻҶܹ֣ôʹ֪Լ롣
ҶɫĵǰԽԽǿҵȻҲҪܵԼʵȻʱ֪ôġ
ʲôʱôˣҶûпҶ˵ղһʱ䣬ҵʶ֪֮ʵõ˼ܸҷʲô𣿡
Ҷ֪ǷҶԼʦѨǶʱ䷢еɣ׼˴𰸡
ۣʥ֮²Уʦʲô
ʲô
еġ͡ȻһûϸϹŵһ澭ҵʵȻõ
ŶҶͷǿϲɺˣȰȵ֮ȸϽҸطչأʱ䱦˷ʱʱ䣬ҰһѰɣ
£ҶͻȻ̧һץָ֮ϾȻѪ⣬ɣֱӾͽץס

ѪʱֹӴѸСܿͱָͷСȴȻڷҶѪ֮С
ʱ򣬷ҶջѪ⣬ɨҶһۣ¶һЦݵⲻͿ𣬺ˣ滹һҪɣҾͲˣץʵ㣬Ṽʦʦǵģ
˵֮ⷬ󣬷Ҷ˲ʧֻʣԴηɫСĿҶԼ˼Ҷ
ҶҶ޷֪ԼǶʱ䷢£˻ɣڳ˲ƷԼ˵Ļʵ϶ǶԼһ־档
Ƭ֮Ҷ΢΢¶һ˿ײЦһУ͵֮У۾ģҲɱ㣬ҸңҲպ֤һ졣
Ҷع֮֮Եһĺ⣬ӽԺסȹס


1854 ʥ
ħ֮ԲҶշ֮ڵľ޴ɽ֮оȻĪĳһֱӽ˶ħ磬һµ硣
Ȼոճ磬˷ӦͬڵˣȻоһɿֲѹ˲佫Ƕѹſ˵ϣǴʥս췴ӦѸ٣һƬ֣ĻԿ϶Լ֮⣬һ˶
ԭսѾĵˣǵ֮磡൱ڵڰ쾰繹ɣ
֮磬֮ں϶ɣ֮֮ں϶ɣҶڵ֮磬ܵĪѹ˵֮ˣҲ޷һڵȻѹ
ЦĴӵҡҡͷӣսǹƽΪ˷ֹʵߵ˱ʵ͵ˣԴ󷨻ԶһȺʵ֮˵ľѡĿĵء
Ȼ֮Ի磬ȫǰݴʥսˡ
ʥͷڷսҲ˽ʵȷˣԵһҵĴ󣬽Ƿֱߣڴ֮ǰСʦܣ
Ҷæ˹Ŵʥ¶˷֮ɫҪ֪ۿʥ飬û뵽ʥȻδҸ꣬˵ŷͬѰ壬Լִֵһִ
ҶֱԼһޱĽ˳ҶȴǿĽǰʦһ˿ֺĶԻڸȥ
ʥţʼɫƽֱ˵ԼȻк˴ұҶΪӣһĽ뵽ٵľʥشصʱϲһ˿ο֮ɫ
ȵ˵֮󣬴ʥҲԼľ½һ顣
ʵڴʥ¼ھ֮ڶ࣬¸۹ƴѹƣһ˴ĳǿߣҲز˶١
˴ʥҪľһЩѪһŵ飬Ҷ²սõеġӶѪսĹȫӶӵ˫սΪѪһųħ֮ǿߡ
ʦִʥʱҶβסļΪڼѾõġҲЩȱʧǾ֮ͬȫģ
㲹ȫ˹ʱңѾ۷״̬ԪҲ޶࣬ҪĴţֻϧվǹܴɣӶһλץסҵ꣬ӽ˵ξ
ȻһججĶ꣬ȴҲҵԪõңǾ벻һ컹ܹ³֣
ʦ֣أеʵ
ʥȻ̧ͷңԶʣ˸⣺Ӧû죬ΪȻܹܵõ
Ҷüͷʦ֣ǽ׼ô죿
һ
£ʥ֮϶Ȼٸ㣬ȻǶͨѨҶһɨǴʧɫΪʥսȻѾͨ߰ٸѨλ
Ҳ˵ֻʣ¶ʮѨλûдͨҰĻ˵ĶʮѨλܴͨʱԪѾ޶࣬ڣȻξ֮ԪõôֻҪʱգȻԴͨȫѨλ뵽Բ״̬
Ȼʦֵ˶֪ͨѨλ֮󽫻ʲôһΣٻλһҲпֱӳ
ô˵ⶼһڴ
ʥϵ߰ٸѨλ֮жһɫˣһһźѪ֮ƺ͸ִ·ȫֱ۳һȫµ
ӵ֮Ĵʥ˸һѪս⼴ڿ£Ҳڳ˶еľ
ʥһԼ˫ȭȻ⸱ȲҵҲֻȽˣǣսĳˣ
һʦͬŵ䣬Ȼڷ˽ʱҶ͵õ˴ʦԯ콾򣬵ΪĹʦĻ֪ʵ྿ʲôԴ˿Ҳû˵
һΪʦӦȷʵǽ·Ҳ²ʦУӦҲթڻȪ֮УͬŶмĿԾɴϣ
˵һĺϢ
֮վֻܸͨ뿪ķټ
ȻȷеΣǲ˭˭һ·ʵĻὫʵ֮˴뵽߽׵ĻУʵб
ҶҲԼ֪ġֱ͸λʦ֣˵һ޼۵ϲǷ


1855 
ǣһڴʥĻ֮£Ĵһ·֮ϣ˼ޣȻʥɻɱȴ˿ľΪЩ޵ʵȻǾϣ
մʥĻ˵Щһ׻һ֮硣
˵ҶˣЩҲ϶ҪɱģȻҲӵʶԼСӶӼᶨҪǿͷҶ
ǰҶ˰ˣħ֮У֮⣬ջˣһȱʧ꣬һ˷ӡҲպܹϴó
һȦˣҶʵλǶʲô㣿
ʵҶ뷨óλʦ֮˶ȻԼߣȻԼʵȷҪ߳һЩԼڣԱƽȻû뵽ȿڵûʲô£Լս
Ҳű̬ҲԴ˳΢΢ͷȻǶŷսĻᣬúüһԼʵ
ҶǸԵѡ񣬳˶С֮⣬ȻǺ뿪ӸŰ뿪
˳ȻԲѵѩ뿪֮ǰĿ⿴Ϻ֪ѡǣǺıôҽǸڴʥǰǰߣ϶ᱣ
˵֮˳Ҷ˵ͷȻ̤˴
˳ʧҶЦһ£ֻף˳ǰǾ仰ʵڴ̼ϽܣǲҪԼߣҲȻϽվԼߣôԼѣҪԼԼȻܾ
ˣҶֻҪ뿪սսǽԱ֮ģҲˣ
ùеĮ𣬶ǰ˵˵ͷ㾶̤˴
ҲǸߵӣͷټû˵ڣ˭˺ߵһ꣬ھȻǿȸ֮أ
ʦֵˣ˴˶һۣ¶Цݣͬĵʦ֣ʦܣǷ
Ҷһ֪統УҲûмżԼķ֮ãѡһ˵ɽȣڵ¿һɽ¼򵥵֮󣬱пʼչء
ȻҶȷǰػģ飬ҶȴǾûȷҪúñչء
ϥںڰɽ֮УҶ۾
ǿ֮У˸Ҷܣٸɫ֣ǡ
ȻҶѾõˡ־֪Լûôߵʺԣܹڶݵʱڣ־ڻͨѡȽѪսĹ롣
ΪϹŵһ澭־еһȷŶ컯ĹܣⲿȻֻ֣ȴΪʿԴģˣǱ쾡¡
ʿľԼ
һ޴Ľ޾ıأΪ֮ţǼ⣬ƤѪҺӵ޾ǱھȻǱҲ˵ʵ޵ߡ
ϧһȴʿˡ
ǿټ̵ҲȲһõǿҲӵȵԣ׷Ĳ
ǽνǱһžǱý飬ǴͨѨλ
֮У߰ٶʮѨλÿѨλصĹܣӳʼѨλǳֳպ״̬ȻĹУٻ˴ͨһЩѨλǼûȥԽͨѨλΪĸ
ǣˡԼѪһŵĳ֣
ٸɫ֣Ҷ߲ݲÿһ֣ܹҶϸڤϺܳʱ䣬ÿһֵ˼ͻῴ˸һ⣬ȻӡҶ֮ϡ
ʱţһɫҲӡҶϵʱ򣬴ڲġѪսͬʱѨλҲﵽһεĸ߶ȣΪһȸΪĴţ
ѨλǽֻǴͨô򵥣ÿѨλÿѨλص̫Ԩ֮ˮ֮ͥ⣬̫֮
ЩҲͷųŵ
ȻٸɫѾȫʧҶȴûгأǾ൱һʱĸ֮ΧȻֳٸ֣ǡ
˿̵ҶѾղˣΪ־ϢϢصģһ־ûжãֻе־϶ΪһֳϹŵһ澭壡


1856 
绮գһɽ֮УһѾ꣬˫Ŀ磬¾Ȼ˿˿⻷ƣ֮ᷢҵ𵴡
Ǹˣò㣬ȴһ˿ɣΧһȦ֮ͷɬ촽ʦ֣ҶɶѣֲȺûǾϢɣ
˵ͷҲã
ʦֵܶҲ£˸ʦ֣˵ι۷ĹϢļٵģ
˳Ƭ̵˭֪أǼ٣ǰڤ˾ԲֵܾͲҪȥǸˡ
е㲻İۣǿ۰ķĹвصĶԶ޼֮Ҫܹõ϶ֱ졣
ȻҲ֪ۣǲľ磬ٺõĶҲֲǵõ
˵һɺпǼٵģǸΪɱĵ֣ܵܵųļϢ
¶ɻ֮ɫΪʲôѵǸˣʲôϵɣ
ƺԥһ£Ȼתͷ˿ܣȷΧ֮ŵҲǰǰ˵ģ˵Ϊ˸ܱ𣬱Ѱ궼ûҵǸֵ䣬ԼĴӣǸֵû뵽Ȼ֣ⷢۺˣƺйϵ
ۺˣ˶ʱȤʦ֣ϸ˵˵ô£
ȴ˰ֵ˵˲˵ˣһ˽㣬죬û»ô³ȥʦܣǣʵ̫ûǲҪ֪ĺãӿڳ
˵Ļ£ͻȻһӴϢ֣˲ͽʦ˸ϢİΧ֮£ľ磬Ȼû˿ķֻ֮Ϣ
ԱߵҲɫɷףȻҲоˣָоһֻϹڻĵǡ
ţһȻӵ´ϸ˵˵ҲȤ
ʦֵ֮ܶʮ֮һ֮УȻϢһӰ
ǸӰһѪɫ䵽䣬ΧƮһȦѪɫ޷ʵĿֻܿ˫۾֮УȻǳǿһ㡣
˫֮Լһһâ֮󣬱ָ˵۾Ȼ˵ȴһ鲻ԽĲΪղţƺڶԷ֮пһѪɫ޽֮
ǰʦֵܶڣ֪ǰٴαչأ֮ǰˡ
˵ķӦܿ죬һ۾ܿ˵ʵɲ⣬ԼʦֵҲĶ֣Բ̹Լ
ӵð˺Ȼ΢΢һЦʼմܿеǹӴϢʱһգһ㵽˵ǰû£ҸպóأԼʲôĹк棬Գʸ
ⷬǺ޲̸Լ⣬ղŻ˵ӿڳºˣĴӿڳ֪Ȼôһ֡
ЩȻֻѣѸٺһĿǰ֮̿ڵǰսдţʮǰʧٵۣʵǲ˷սһΪڤ統УֻһĹĹ˷ˡ
˵˵ͷΪô£
ϹеĹˣԼ֣ĵܵȻڣ֮ǰĵܾܵȻ˴ˣȻߣΪԶ޷ָһŭ֮£Ҫҵ֣Ϊܱ𡣡
սҪҵһˣֱͬ룬ҵóŶݼ֮ӣˡ
˰ڰִϵЩҶ֪ˣ˵˵Ǹ㵽ĺйϵۺô£
ĲˣղЩ£ðΣմӼϹĿ͵ġ
˵Ļ䣬о֮ͻȻһɽѹ˵Ҳٴ𣺡Ӧòϣֱȥ鿴еļɣ
ŵú£æе˵˵ʵϣ壬һһľǸֵģۺ˵ģҰĴڣֻϹм֪ҲɱһϹ壬вŵ֪ġ
Ƿл񣿡
У
չֳҿ
˸оϵѹȻһᣬæڿ㣬ʱ㸡˿С
ţǸ˶Ȼһɣ


1857 ֮
˺ʦֵ̧ͷȻǰѾʧȥǸ˵Ӱ˶һۺ󣬲Լͬĳһ̱ڵأѾȫˮʪ͸ͬմˮһ
̫ˣŵʦ֣˭ᣬȻôǿ󣬿ôǿˣô磿
ҡͷҲ֪Ҳܹؾ磬ҲչͻƵģңƺʶۺˡɣӦǾۺ˵֡
˵ͻȻ˴˶ӣԼͬĺǸ֣
֮ͬʱָסԼͣƴת飬Ǹ˲û뿪
֮ͬһ㣬ĵȴƬֲ̣κζ֮˲ŷƣĵʦܣ֮£һҪؿƿȻҪĻӿڳˣǸղǸˣ˵ˣʦҲ޷⡣
ĵ˵ͷղǸʱĿֲоⱲپһˡ

ɳ磬һһ֮磡
磬ֻһֻɳĮ
ȫǵصɳɣҲûκλһΪɳ޵޾ͲڽӲӵɳ֮£̰ĵĵȴŽ뵽ĸ顣
һʮɳĮ֮䣬ò㣬ᣬϴź䲢Ƶĳ졣
ȻͣɫĮĿܣš֮ۡɳﳾֺڽӰɳ֮³Χ
Ϊ֮ɳƵ˺Ļͽϵж
һЦ˫ֺȻ鱧ţһɫСɽȻ˫֮и֡
Сɽӭ˲仯ߵľɽһָɽȻɳ˺ݺݵ˹ȥ
䣡
һ촫ɽȻ˸գΪ˼ÿ죬ٶȲɽ֮ʣʹæ˳ȥ
ɽҡҡĵʦĻһգսǿȴ̫ʺҡ
Ȼ˽ӹһ٣ǻ亹ʪ͸ǻΪֵû뵽ԷʵȴǼǿ
ৡһվһÿ˵֮ϾȻɢһɫâڿнӳһɫ֣˻һͷ֮󣬾Ͷɹ֣˹ȥ
˿Ǹ֣˼ĵӦ󷨰ɣϧʦû̹ңҾͲƿزսң
ɽٴγȥȻǺݺݵײ˽ɫĻ֮ϣ죬ⱩǣȻӲĵסˡ

ͻȻſͣӿһɫٵ뵽ɽ֮С
ʱɽٴμͣǧ׾ɽܵأһκݺݵȥ
䣡
һһ˶ȻһҽУѪֱֱԵȥĵ£ɫĻ֮Ҳһѷ졣
ܿɳ裬ڱգ֮ϳһԲ׵ľ޴ɳ޷±ӡ

ٴλ֣ǧ׾ɽͬһ㣬ͣŽɫĻݺȥ
ÿ£һ˻޴ײĴι󣬹ĻȻȻ޴棬Ҳֻʣһ˻ţȴѾɵˣһǧ׾ɽֱֱͷֻ֮ң
㣬˭
˽Ͱ͵ʵ֪ԼȻһֻ׹ʵڲ֪ʲôʱоȻһλµ֡
Ŀһ۵Ѫӣ֮ɣ
£ƣһѹɽҲ֮Ȼ׹¡
һ紵ɳ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͽϵѪģʬڸͬʱǸҲ޶õļǰȥ
ɳ֮У૵ʦҼĻѪӣһᷢѪֻ֮ǣѾҪ֮ôûм㣬ʦأǣϣ¸ܹ
ǵģ˾ҶĴͽܣɣԴӷս֮룬Էݽսĵһˡ
֮ӭԼ٣˳ɹ֮󣬳ΪˣҲһ̣ھԼѪصĴм䣬֪Լݡ
Լû뵽ԼϣȻһۣۣ
Ժյݣû˿Ժһ˿ޣΪԼҶ˵ĻȻʦĵˣôͬҲԼĵˣ


1858 
˵ǸǲѾڷսˣȻĻⶼȥˣôһϢûУ
ͱˣǰϷʵֻҪڣе˻޳׷ɱ֣ܹǰϹϵɲϵЩܹȵ˵ģ
Ǹ֪ļһ϶ˣ˭ǣƫƫȥǰǰǱеĽӰˣ˵ˣǰһҲû˸Ҷ֣
һȺһ¥֮޼ɵĴ̸ţǵܣȻһЩʿȴԵԴҿǡ
ǵһһѪɫ˾ޱţͻȻ俪ڵϧû

Ⱥתˣһͬʯ׳۾һɵ˵ʲô
ȻҶˣڵ±չأһվ꣬ոճصʱǶʦ̸ֵܵ䵱֣ŰͨϵĻν֮ȻԼĴͽʱһ
ȴ֪ⲢǿЦΪ֪ɵ죬ҲΪˣٶȼΪˣ°빦Լ٣ֻҲȷû뵽ɵϾȻۣ
ۣһۣͻȻʧ٣û֪ȥ˺ηȻҲ˲²ǽϴεķսȴʼûκ֤ݣȻգѾʮ֮á
ֱ֮ǰһΪڤ統УȻĹڣϢȥ֮˴˵ע
ȻͰ
ҶϢѰҵɵģϧ֪ΪʲôѾʧȥֿԳ֮ϵ֮£ֻܾиڤ磬⵽Ǹ廹ĹҪ׼
磬ڤ磬ҶҲͣȴķȺˡ
ȺȻΣʵϲǻεϹҶ;ǵ󣬿ܷǵĿеõһԼõϢ
ϧȺ˳˶ǸӸ蹦̵֮⣬û˵κõĻʧȥġ
󺺵ѯʣҶ΢΢תͷɨ˶Էһ۵˵ϧǸֻû
ô֪ף󺺺Ȼͷôе죿
һõҲԲ˫۵ȷе죬ļι˭
һЦҶȫת˹𣿡
㣬Ǹ֣
Ⱥ˶ʱʧɫ㱻˷ܴ棺̫ˣҲ㣬û뵽㾹Ȼˣץס㣬ܺǰϹϵ
£ȿڵĴѾȻ֣Ҷץ˹Ҷȴǽͷת˻ȥ޶һ㣬˾Ʊһ
һ󺺵ֱ۱ǣڿ֮мһУֱץҶԴû뵽ֱ۸ոҶĿзһ
飡
ĿԼ֮ͻȻȥһԲ㣬һѪȻľը˿
ɱ㣡
󺺾ʹ֮£ŭҲҪҶҶһֻƻһֻ˶ıצһֱ֮ӳĺɫ϶һɹХϮҶ
飡
Ҷûж죬Ƕˣӭצһ֮󣬴󺺵һֻҲ׵ѪĽ
˶ɵһ㣬ĶҶϹ˵ǿ֪ǾȻҶһ¶סοҶֱõơ
ҶµٴθԼһƣĵ֪Ϲ֮϶ŻϵķҸǸܵܵңҪңҪҶۺˣҾȫ壡
¥֮һƬţϹˣʿЩ֪׷ʲôµĻǣȫΪҶ仰˾޴֮С
ΪҶⷬĳڣÿ˶Եĸо¥֮ڶûһŨɱ֡
˵Ҷſں˵˵
ȵҶٴκ걭о֮ӰҲѾʧ˵ǰǴûгֹһ
֮ͻȻʹԼѪܵƴСеǱ𷢴ˣκãģҪɱһҪɱ
ϹҲ뿪ˣ¥ڵڻָƽʱ¥¥¥֮ϺȻƵһɢˣͷңû˯һһ·һл˼˼֮ӶѪᣬǿأ


1859 
û뵽־Ȼͻʱ䣬⵵£Ҳ֪ôˣӦû£˵Ĺ飬ҲҲǰڤ磬ʱټɣ
һѪɫӰһƬ֮лţȥһ㣬˫ָͥʵÿһܵĿռ䶼᷺һͬˮһͣɢһľ룬Ҳǧ׿⡣
ȻƬ֮жޣǴ˿ȴƴӰǰķݡ
ӰȻҶͣڸ統дУѰڤڡ
˵Ҳ֣Ϣڤڰں״̬ĵ֮磬ڵ֮磬ôֻҪĴ·ͣĴͣȻᵽڤ硣
ȴȫûг֣ܹݴΪͬӦȼãʧȥЧ
΢ѵǼ֮ȻӴǰ˵һ֮磬дξȻ˵֮磬Ȼ
´νĪĸ͵˵֮磬û뿪־ͻᱻɱԣѾС֮ãٺ뿪
Ȼʱǵ˲٣ÿԳƴ˻һ˼û뵽ԼչؾȻ꣬ϸ˵ֻǲ־֮ǲ򣬽һЩƤë
ҲϾǿϹŵһ澭Ҫչظʱ䣬ȫڻͨҲûʲôֵˡ
ˣҶڵʵ;ȴ˾޴ߣڴͨѨλȻѾﵽһ˸ֱ۷Բֻ֮ҪԸ⣬̿ӭ٣죡
ʵѪս⹦ԼǿʵԿ缶վ۷壡
ֻǣ̫죬Կ⽫Լľѹ۷壬һȹһеľ磬ٹȻǶһֿ飬ͬҲΪһֹϾսΣأʤǻи֮˵Ĵڣǣ٣ҲǶ˼Ա֮
Ҫҵڤ磬ֻҸʵԵ͵һ·ͬˣĹŹַá
Ҷ˼֮䣬ȻԶһ֮ڷսһ統УɱʵڶһˣȻҶú˶ֵУǾȴɱԼÿһˣĻԺյķսеĶ־ͻһˡ
Ҷҡҡͷ׼ǰһƹЩ֮ˣȻһϤƮеʱȴжȻһâŲӿ죬˲Ϣ֮Ѿ֮ʧ˴֮
ǰˣ˷һģΧŹһˣҶʶΧŹˣʶˣһڲӳɫˡ
κ
ҶĿ³֣ȴͬһը죬жһƬڹĶҲʱ
ᣬΧ˳սȦ۹һɨɱҶͶԷˣһ˿֮ɫæҶʩһǰ֮
߰ɣ
ҶҪԷκô⵵£Ҳ˵л
΢΢һ㶣ǹĵлǰ
˵֮תɶݣת֮ѾʧʱκеͣعһǰҶ˲ٴαɫ
ֻǣη֮ɫ˷֮ɫ
Ҷκ˷ܵĽг̤ЬٴȫѹǴ˰ٺ٣Ĵˣĺãĺð
ڣ˶֪ҪҶ飬ȻκЩҶгˣǷ
κĻҶȻЦˣˣκ㲻𣿡
㣿κЦĸӴ֪ɱοɷս֮ǰ㣬ҵȷܻẦ£ڣˣǷսʱ䣬ҶıԵǻѲǵˣңȻҴͬһ磬˵ʵ̫󣬸οǹˣȴֻһˣҶ˵ΪʲôҪ㣿
ҶϵЦҲӲãͷκ겻ǰȷʵҪһЩȻ֪ˣֻķȫǴģ
ϻˣץס˵ֻ˵Ҫģû˵Ҫеģ
κߵһ˰಻סȻȳҶҶ̧ŶԷһ㣺̫֮
ž
˵̫Ѩ϶Ȼųһҫ۵Ѫ


1860 ύ
Ǹոճ嵽һ룬Ϊ̫Ѩըͬ飬κϵı˲̡
ûĳ֣ҲûмҶȫƽƽһָȻ˵ĸԼȻԼͬʲô£
֪ҶѪսĹȫ֮ԼϵѨλָƣڱڵѨλͬˣֻҪʵһģֻҪԸ⣬ʱؾܿƶԷѨλ˲䱬
Լǽ֮ߣϸ˵Ѩ֮
ԭҶֻ֪ѨλѨλǵˡ֮󣬲֪ʵǲ죬ѨλĴڡ
ѨѨѨȵȣֻҪܹЩѨλĴڣҶѨλ֮а
Ѩĳ֣ԼĴ֮·Ҳӵġ
ٻۣ֮
վκһ˵ͷ֮ϣȻӴֱӿİٻѨУӲĽԴը
֮ͥ⣡
һâȻһ˵ͥѨϳâ۳һֻǽȴǶ׼˵Ѩλ롣
֮
һ˱Ȼ۳Էıǿףִͷ
仰˵ֻ꣬ʣκһԾɵɵվ
̵УκǸûпԼͬ鵽ģҶŰ֮ңһͷңŹǷȴǿͷĵѨλе˼ֻǾܴͨȫѨλΣǵڶѣ㵹Ǳ̫ࡣ
κ
Ҷǲ˿𣬾κһͨһֱӹڵأͷ絷⣺ҶҶǰҴˣҴˣ飬øΪУ˴ŹҰɣ
̧ͷ
Ҷֱӳκ꣬Ƶò̧ͷֻгһ棬һͷͨѪĺɫǵڵϡ
κʵ㱾ɱҵֵܣҲøеˣ֮ǰ㣬һ
ȷһĻʱҶľҪκǧУѪԶʹ࣬ںǼȻû߿˵ǵڤڤעģȻҲܵõֻ̰֮꣬κùΪ֡
ټϴ˿κͬ࿴һֻǾɱˡ
κŵæȵȣҶǰңشϢɱң͡
κ£ҶѾһӣ۳ɽֱӽԴһУκ꾹ȻԴġ
Լῴ
Ҷ˫֮Уֳһһ㣬̼ͽκемһࡣ
Ƭ֮Ҷһ֣κ˲ɢ
һΪʲô˵Ϣڶҵ̬ϣһ¶ѣҶһЦӷ˽翪ʼԵе飬˵ͲʲôʵϢˣ
Ҷ뿪ͨܿ췢һͺԼ޼ˣڶֿһֻޣҶҲûйȥæֱԷɱ֮Ϣ
ȻΪϵ˶ͻȻֵҶе⣬ϾڷսУ˶ǵˣҶȹӰ֮£˲˵⣬
Ҷ֮ҵϣΪҪϣܹһͬпܰջĹ򣬴ﵽڤ硣
ҶҪͬУȻڴӦźദҶҲ˵Ҳֵһĵ
⣬Ҷ֮ԻôҵҲΪ棬ڷϵڣȻһԼҲ޷͸Լ֪Ϊ硣
ʵˣ
Ҷ仰֮󣬶ʱüëһϺڵ¶˾֮ɫϾȻˣ
ƺϵҶᾪȣͷɣԭȲڵһԭס񣬽֮еõһײ֪λǰĹʮ࣬ʵȴû˿ǿһɣҲ֪ô£
˶֪ҶȻ޴ӵ֪²ӦǺͷǿԼ޷͸йء
ȻΪˣǷȴ˿ʿ˼֪ҶǴӷһڵģǳ˾⣬ֱӸĿڳƺҶΪ磬ΪͣҶȷ㡣
ȻʵĻҶǱǿֻ̫࣬ѹƾ磬˸оԾʿ
Ҷ磬֪֪Ĺ飿
ϵ⣬ҶһȻ죬ôȻҪ˽顣


1861 ֮
ҶѾԵ֮ˮıòЩˣǲǣϣϾñ֮˿Լͷһ𣬾ԻὫϵԼͬ飬ӶҲչ
˵ˡ
Ҳ˵ˣҲȥȻҿ϶֪ȥܿ۽ҲǺõģ
Ҷ¶֮ɫˣЦŵҲȥܹڤ硣
ٺ٣ǿɾ̫ˣҶ磬ʱΧţǧܣǰҼ˼Ϲ壬ʵ̫ײˣӲŵûҳ
˵ϻΪԼĵСе㲻˼ͷȷ˵ݣϹˣȻẦ£ʵе˵ȥ
ҶֵܣۣǸʱ˵ܸܲϸ˵˵
аȻʮ̸ֽҺòһûеͬ飬иˣʵûɶ˵ģϾʮǰˣĶǹĸִ˵ʵǿʹħۻ֣Ȼ֪յĽǴ˶Ϊ϶ʤˡ
ⷬҶමȻӿȻ֪ۺʦȷͬʱˣǻ治֪˾Ȼ֣ô֮ԲμӷսԼĹڤ磬ǲҲԼʦйأ
ȻûзҶ˵λ֮ʱڱã˵һʢʧ֮һ겻һ꣬ǰһƽ٣켸
㵹ǺһԭҶҲΪԴĻ𣬿ӣȻǳ֮⣬˴İԴ嶼⵽˻ԵĴӶĸȡ
Ȼ˵ᲢۣҲΪ֮ӣһ⡣
ͻӦûûҴ󣬿Ѿ۷壬Ҳֻһ֮ң˱ˣˣ
ҲΪݣڼԸʽ˵ǸܵܵˣҲǿ˭ãƫҪ
Ҷüͷʵ֮ӣǲ֮Ѫ
ҡͷ֮Ѫֻĺˣ֮ӾĶӣ֮ȫһ¡
ҶеѾˣȻĶӣѹֻӵô
֮ΣԼĵˣ
ҶɫʵȻ֮ӣôĵܵܲҲӦ֮ôôܵȴôأ
ֻ֮һˣҲȷ׵ܵܣΪʲôҲ֪
ˣᵽͲòδޣ˵ͬӵ֮ѪŮˡ˵ϵ۶΢΢Ź⣬ȻŮҲǴŵͺ档
䳾
ҶĿͻȻðһ֣̾ȵĿҶ磬Ҳ֪䳾ԹԣΪһŮȻ춼֪Ĵ䷲䳾Ҫܹһ棬Ҳ޺ˣֻǿϧԵü
ŷ¶ǹɻҶЦҡҡͷȻ˼ĵҲܼܿˣ
ʵҲڲ֮ǰոմκļ֮еֵ֪ģΪ켸ʱҪץסҶںüǰڤıؾ֮塣
ΪԷһÿһ֮أȻһĸ󣬶һ֮˵֣ǡþ䳾
ԭҶں棬֮սҪҵһ磬֪ҲǼΪѵ£ôȺôܹģ
ǲܹҵÿ磬һ֪ǰĳıؾ֮·ǲܵ顣
ڣҶԼˣȻ֮ӣôӣһŷĵͼӦòʲô̫ѵ飡
ϾϲĵҶ磬ô֪ģˣȻˣô䳾϶Ҳ˷սٺ٣û׼һܼˣֻǹҪȵķɣ
˵֮䣬ѾĴŴ͹â˺ܿһ磬Ҷ²ŷͬУսǹŹֵĹȻЧˡ
ǿȱǰԴ˲٣˵ǰշϵʵ𽥵ݼӵġ
зˣɱɱɱ
Ȼһ˵ܴҶ̧һ߶ʮӰײȣһԼ˵Ŀͬڿ׸һ㣬е̰֮ɫ
ȻһȺרغڴ󵽴֮ɱ֮˵ǿͺһֻһڣһڳڶѡ
ǣҶ鲻һ㶣ȺУȻģҲġ


1862 ӹ
ͬҲΧʮ˵ʵ磬ȴûҶɻ󣬶ǰȻҶҶ磬˽ңԼġ
ͳŷϵٶҶһů⣬ЦŵͷãЩܶԸ
£ҶѾ̧㣬ֱָڣžһҽЩѾȫԵ˵ϣϳʹ֮⣬ʣ޾ˡ
һ⣬ȻӡǵΪ
֪ˣǵһǲʱɫһͷ׵ʿǿʹվˡҵ׾ðǰǰ̧֣Źǣ뿪
ҲɵˣĿҶȻе޷ΪʲôҶֻʵȴסʿ
ҶֵҪԭ򣬲Ϊ˱ϣΪȻ˵֮˵ϣоһϤϢǹϢﶸȻðһ뷨Щ˸ò˹壬˵ָʹٵİɣ
Ҷɨ˵֮һ۵ʲô磿
˿³֣Ҷ¶һ˿ЦЦ飬Ȼ˿ϵԸϾʵˣ
ɼˣ羹Ȼ䳾֮أҲ˵ͨ¸Ĵ󴦣һȺڵȴҶ
ҲҶӼԼжûдȺ˿϶йϵ
Ȼ޷Ҷ˼Ȼеɵɵվȫ㲻״
ҶҲ˵վƬ֮תŷϵֵܣԲҶһ¡
һ㶵ʲô£
ʵǴܵܵǸˣѾ֪Ϊ˶Ըң˺ܶˣǰڤıؾڵң統Уҵľ䳾Щˣû´ĻӦҲ䳾йϵ
Ȼأգգ۾ʵ
Ҷ仰ʵЦԷǣȻȻúҷֿڿʼװûмȻĻҲΪĵˣǲŹġ
һȻŭˣһԼŵҶ磬ҷϵʲôˣȻʵǲߣ̰֮ˣңҲ˵ˣǰûдҶ磬ҼȻѣȻҪ빲ˣƨˣҳʲôˣҾԲߣ
ڿķϣҶ÷·𿴼˹ȥԼһɵɵΪ߱µֱꡣ
˵ʵ񷽳ֱʵԸ˶թǿʳǴ粽С
Ȼ˵ߣôҶȻҲߣû֮ǰԼܹ֤İȫȻϸҪԼıǸߵĴкһϵڿҲһǿ
ãҶ򵥵һķϵļ
ʱͷʿȻֱͦ壬ЦĿҶԭǸְĵӻڷſǻüȻĻ
ţأ
Ҷһ㣬ͷʿʱ¶֮ɫſͣ˵ȴһ
ЦҼȻҵǵ˵ҵʵݣѵǻ뿪𣿡
ҶһЦҪֽЩڣȻȴǺȻһץסҶֵҶ磬ѾӡǵΪͲҪɱˡ
ֱֱĶŷϿ˰ΣҶεĳ̾˿̫ˣðɣ㣡
Ҷ˫۶Ȼ֮仯ǧǣһһ죬âڿнһ̫ͼǣ˲仯׳ͷǰ˵ͷȥ
߰ɣѾĨȥмҵļ䣬
ҶĻ˵һͻȻסоⲻȻ˿еһֻʾͷһӰٶȼ죬˲Լǰ
һݵͬһˣȫһƤŹͷûаѪ⣬һƬͷ֮ϣֻȼͬݲݰͷƮԺ󣬵˫֮ȴͬڶһ㣬ɢһ֮
ֲǣȻһī˻Ҫ߳һͷĹײģ
ӹ
ˣɫ䣬ѿڶһ֣ͬʱæҶҶ磬ӹֳҲǰʵǿΪаš
ӹˣĮɨһȦЩԵˣȻŽ˫ͬڶĿ⿴Ҷɵ𣿡
ҶȻ壬ʾӵΪأ
Կӹ˫۾ҲǷۣҶڶʱܹоԼ궼Ҫ壬Է˫֮С
мֹӹƤЦⲻЦĵԷΪȥ˫ۣ㲻


1863 ת޹
Ҷ˫۶Ȼһ磬֮ͥ⣡
ˣ
ӹͥѨһŹ⣬ӹҲĹһȴûκεľٶͿâһԾ֮󣬾ȻͰȥֱʧ
ӹͷǣͬڶ˫֮¶ǿҵս⣬һԼ󣬱ϱŵǸײľȻԶߡ
Ҷɫһ⻹ȫˡѪս֮󣬵һѨλȻûκã
˵֣ܳǶԷʵ߳Լ̫࣬ҲܣҶȻԾ۷壬ʵʵȴǴﵽ۷壬ۼҲһ䡣
ǰӹȻҲģôʵҶڲ֮䡣
ʱҶоâͻȻһԿռ˲֮ԭʧһֱԴһʹѣ֮ҲǳѪۣӹȻղŵλ֮ϡ
ÿٶȣ
ҶаԾԼԷ֮ʩչĿռ˲ƣȻӹ϶٣Ǿ˵ԷҲſռ䷨֮ԼҪ
ңԼչ֮ǰҪӵǿȻӹȻͬԼѪۡ
ɴ˿ɼӹٶȻǿ̶˵Լǲ£
֪ʵӹΣӹǿĻ
Ҷзһ˿ЦԼӻеԴˡ
ȻӹааһЦٴʧҶ˫ȻâǰĿɲǼ両ֳâЩǿռ䷨
ϡɼЩâԼٶȲϲһ˲˵ڸſռ䷨
ˣ
ɽҶüĳͷųԪΰҶԼҲǾȭͷһȣƽƽƳ
飡
ϴĽʵкͳƵľ죬Ҷ֪ԼȭͷѾӹȻֲǣӹȻ޷ӦȻҶǰͬڶ˫֮һĹ⣬ȭ¡
ⲻ֮£ҶֻӲһȭźԪľ𵴣Ҷһƺߣ˳׿⡣
䣡
ȻһըʼڿеǿڵĹײĸǾȻʱըײ֮УȻվһӹ
˹ΣʼһԹսķĿɿڴҶת֮䣬Ȼ뵽һܣӹӦڿսҿԽܵκδת޵֮ϡ
ˣԼѨλĿƣЧײĵıըΪײеӹԼһȭ
Ϊʮ֮һĹ壬ӹһĪĹ칦
ٺ٣
ӹһЦЦײеǸӹ͵۾ͬͬڶ˫֮Ĺ˸̧һʹӹײ֮˲ϢƵҶĺ󷽣һǰһ󣬽Χ
Ҷӹǣεķ֣޷ֱĸˣĸǿܣ
ӹͬʱЦ֮ӰҲͬʱʧҶҶкȻһ֣˫̧һɻ˫֮ӿ
ɲ֮䣬һԵķֻܵĿüΪĸƺһǾͿԽȫȼ
ͬʱҶһЦӹΪֻ

һҽдҶǰһӰɶȴҲһӰֻӰͬԣϸٿҶվŵӹϣȻһơ
ɳȥӹڿסΣҶ˫гޣôġ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˫һ󣬾Ϳǡ֮𣬶Ǹӹȫѿ˲仯һ̲ϸɳӿ¡
ˮ֮򣡡ӹ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫ㾹Ȼܹٿַ֮һ֪ٿؿܵķ
ʱ򣬴ȺүүĵܵܣڣǿڵóܣҲƿܵķ߹ҶԿеˮ֮ٿؿܡ
Ȼ˵ǰӹٿؿܵ϶Ҫǿϰٱ䲻ڣ޼ƿʩ£Ҷðճһ£Զˮ֮򣬽ܵˮ֮ȫɡ
û뵽ȻĶˣʧȥˮ֮ӹҲ޷ٿؿܣȻҲ޷ܵĹת޵֮ϣԲԼҶ˳ȥǾ߿ҲΪС
ǰӹһ˿η壬ͻȻ˵ͷܣҶ׷ǶԷͬóռ䷨֮׷Ҳһܹ׷ϣֻܷĿӹӰʧֻԶԶ
֪˭ˣٺ٣ǰ㣡


1864 򻨽
ǰһ׳Ĵӣ¹ͷǵӳ֮ԡ
˵ĸ׺ӣǧ磬ͨĴ󣬾ӵһ߰ϡ
ʱ˿̣ڴԱ߰ڷһΣʻɣǧ죬ҷ˱ǣ֮оȻ֮ĳ
ܹϳЩʻĻȻһΪЩʻеÿһ䣬Ǿ˵ѾϹ֣ŵκ綼ʦΪ֮ĴڣȻȴǱ˱֯˻Ρ
󣬽֮˵Ǻĸ߹
򻨽Σ˿ĭϴԻ֮ɫԶǶε䳾ĳйߣӱһ
Ҷ֪Ը棬˼붼ϱֳôڵķϣԻΪһɫ֮ˡ
ӣλ䳾ԼʵģȻҲôö֮ĳڴԡҶ
ڴ֮ҶͷϾһ·֮ȴǳƽȻһΣնû֮͵˴˴봫ֻһ֮
ڿΣҲͬҹһڷ򻨽ΣҶòû̸Ϲȥѡվڰ￪⣬й
Ҷ磬䳾ΪĵһŮ޳ڣҲһĴɣȻʵҲǷͬѰȻûô£ͬǹھһ
ڣĽ䳾˲֪ĸֲϧۣͻƿռ죬ֻΪһ档
䳾ǲܼ޳ȥģΪû֮ӵݣ޳ҲһὫ䳾
ô˵һϢ֮ڵʱȻ󲨣ῡðΣȥѰҪܣˣֻϧЩȥ˵ˣûл

һƳ̾ϢϵĻһ䣬ҶڳƬ֮ķϵļֵܣߣü

ϻش򵥣жԼľģȻҶǰ棬Ծ˳ȥͬʱҶĿǿư򣬾ȻһĹâ
ҶЦҡҡͷһȥһ򻨽εԱߣȻͬȰĳһһӰ
ЩӰҶϵЦݸӵĲãֻЦ֮ûЦ⣬еֻ
ΪЩˣҶˣ
Ǹͬһ㣬˰ܵˣǸŮװһȣſһֻɫЫβŮӡ
ȻĸǾۼһ統УǷֳ˼䳾ߵľȺϹˡ
ҲϹ壬Ȼͬ壬࣬ԲŻὫЩ˰ŵԼδ޵ߡ
ֵЩֻ࣬ʮˣǴɢĺεѪѲ³ÿһ˶ѾǴﵽ۷ľ磬м˸˷֮
һȺˣ¾Ҳͷʹο򻨽εϷһͬһӹȻֳһīĹײġ
ټδ¶䳾ȷǿ֮
ǰҶȺˣȥĿԶһУڣʵѾﵽ۷ȴȫ壬οɱﵣʱ٣
֮Զκ˿Ա⡣
ҶͷϾѾԽԽֱԡ
ȽеţҶʮƽԵȺˣȴ͸¶ǿҵķŭ֮⣬ǸŮӣ̲صŭ𣬸Ǻ޲ֱӽҶ̻
Ҷûпˣ΢΢ɨ򻨽ζ˵ӹһЦ°ܽ
ȻҶ󣬵ĸ֣ȴ׵Ĵÿ˵ĶУӹͬڶ˫֮жʱһĹ⣬˵ɫȴɻ
ӹȻܸܽҶ¸ˣȺ˸֪ҶʵȻȷŽûмҶҶʵοֲҲֻܹﵽ۷塣
ܿ죬ǾˣҶе°ָܽһǰѩܷ壬ԲӹΪǸǲܵ¡
ҶȻȥЩʲôǽĿͶ򻨽Σ
ΪҶ޷ⶥӣܸоĳеȷˣֻ˵ǲ䳾ǿɾҪ˵ˡ
ʱһ仨Ȼճ֣ƮƮҶȥ


1865 Ы
ƽƽĻ꣬˵ζҶȴһâ˵̧һ̧һǴзɳ˿еĻ꣬ͬʱһֻѾһϣ˫֮âǰâ˸̼䣬ŷϱ˳ǧ׿⡣
ҶɢͬʱҲײ˻֮ϡ
䣡
һ촫һλǺһƬײȻڿһӿȵˣ˷Բǧ֮һ˸š
ؾ֮£ͬһ㣬ˣ˻ߣͬһʡ
һ̣ӹ֮⣬˵ɫǲȻ䣬ΪҲû뵽ô۵Ļͻǣײ֮Ȼܹ˾˵
޷֪ж£ΪܷԲ֮ڣһεĻ֣λס
ž
еɢ׾˴ӿ£ˮθոտ˵ͷ̾ͱһɾ˳ȥ
Ҷŷվǧ׿⣬ԶԶעһĻ˿̣Ҳͬŷڵĺˮһ㣬ʮֵĲƽ
ԭ֮УȻŵһŮ֮Ƶ䳾ҪԸԼܹҪԼһ棬˵ϼ仰Ȼû뵽ȻʩչɱУԼƬĹ죬ʱͬ۳һεôǲڣ϶Ҫܵһˣ
ֱֱͬĶһĻ¶֮ɫ䳾𣿡
Ȼ䳾˵ҪҶصҲ𺳵Ȼй䳾ӡһǧɣڶе޷ܡ
Ҷһۣصĵͷǵģ䳾ȻɣĳȴҲЫϣûƻĿе󣡡
ɣЫ
Ͽз߶˸֣֮оȻһŹ⣬Ҷеȵģ֮ϾȻɢһɿֲϢ
Ϣ֮ǿҶеܲסüĴĽɫ·΢΢˸
Ҷ֪Ƿϵһ
ҶľʵвֿչأҪ
ָе˿׷ѰǧҲһܹҵеˣҲΪĳһ£ĳһ仰ᡣ
ͽԵκ˶޷ǿҲ޷ȡġ
ӱߵȫʧ֮Ҷٴδŷ˹ȥʱǶ򻨽ҲһͬʵȻܹ˵
ҶһеĻͷӣ䳾ԼĹֻΪ˲Լʵ
Լʵ΢һĻôڿ¾ͱһʬˣ
λ䳾ҶѾȫû˿ĺøУеֻԸ˵ֻע򻨽Ρ
ҿΪȻ޿ˡԸ˳ΪЧôҵǿ㿪飬㽫
䳾ٴͬ棬ˬһ֮Уֳһֲǰӵϧ̬֮ƺȻ˸ղųֹҶˣ⣬ȴҲдһֵǵܹڲ֪йƻġ
ֻϧҶ˫֮ȹǹƻмң£֮⣬»ûκܹƻǣ䳾ĻҶ˵Ȼ𲻵˿ãǼҶж
ò˵䳾Ĳһˣʵǿ֪ģҶֵڣһϵжʩΪܹ벻Ч
ʩ򵥵ķɹǾ鷳һʩɣǾʩΪ˵һ·
֮Ҷ䳾ǳ񣬵ȴҲаӣǽŵ˺ͬȵλ֮ϡ
ʱҶ΢΢һЦڵ˵Ըأ
һĳ̾ӽдƺֲԸһ㣺Ϊ׽㣬Ȼ㲻Ը⣬Ҳֻ֣֮ܳ󣬽á
аң
Կô֪λȫ֣£λյı֣һϸ۹ͣ䳾Ǵ˿˿ƻ֮ٴ
仰ʮϹ˵жʱԱһžâҶȥ
ҶʮЩˣѾܵ䳾Ӱ죬ټϱԼк⣬ԵȷȫԸԼ
ֻҶе㲻ףѵ䳾֪ЩԼĶ
죬һʵ޷ԽģԸʮҶѴ֮˵㣬ЩڻҶ㲻ϡ
ڿʮ˵Ĳ֮ҶжʱȻ󷨣


1866 
ʮȻһϸͻ֣ᷢÿ˵Ķʵһޣĳɣһ֣һͶ֮䣬ܿͬĵͷŶ
Ϊ˫֮һӣԴ˿̣ʮѾڴϿգһһҶ
Ҷ˫΢΢й۲ʮ˵Ķǹ˸ܹĳ˿Ȼ󷨻ûгͣʮ˵ΧȴѾγһ޴ʻӰ
仨ʮ꣬ʮÿվһƬ֮ϣڹһʵԵĻͣһһһʵʻӦʱʮ˵ʵǣһݷ֮
Ȼ˵Ҷ󷨵գԶԶ˳ԼҲо󷨣Щ˳ߣĿȾ֮˽ҲӵĸԴ˿ܹñȽ
ңͨʻѲ³󷨣Ȼ䳾̸ʮ˵ġ
뵽ҶٴĿһۺӰ򻨽Σж䳾Ȼָһ֡
Ҷϣ˺Ըҵģ
ȴǿһﲱӵҶ磬˴һԶ٣Ȼʵãôܹһˣֵѹ
£䳾Ȼٴ𣺡λѣǴ˴ǰֻΪץסҶ޹أ£Ȼһᵶۣʱ֮ӡ
ȻǴŹƻ֮һϵеȷһ˿ã˲ͱȡĵˣ
ȻˣǾԹˣ䳾һźͲ̵̾Ϣ
ʱ򣬿ʮѾɹ˴ӣҶͷϵͷϷȻջ״˫ְڳֵơ
ʮһȣ˫ֱͬ糵һתܹʮɫ졣ĥ̵ʻǵŶ
ʮʻΣǵĳ֣ҶͷԿԸоܵĿ֮ж͸һŨŨѹϢ˴Ȼѳɡ
һȳ֣˫ֽеǶɫ÷Ƴдȣ÷ѩ
ǣ
޴÷ʵһ㣬ת֮䣬һɫӻ֮ӿʱһ˿˿ѷ죬Ȼ˿УܵĿȻѾȫ
÷ֵ˲䣬ҶѾһϵͬʱһӿֱܻʣȻبڿе÷£ȵ¶ȴǽܶĿڻ
ҶһݣǵĹеһʵ۷壬˵ֳԼԼҲ첻Ӱ죬Ǵʱ˿̣һõ÷Ȼͷų˿ֲﵽ֮ɴ˿ɼ󷨵ȷʵͬ졣
Ҫǳֹǲ󣬶Եɾ̫ˡ
䣡
Ҷ֮£ΧĿȻԼը˿űǵصҶ˹ȥ
ÿһű֮ϺȻһ㵭ĵƣҶðĻ޷ۻ
ߣ
Ҷһ֮оȻٴһɻ棬οɲһĻˣȫѪҺ֮γ֮
꣡
бһЩ棬̻һ̣֮䣬бѾȫʧǶ޴÷Ҳʧȥ˹
³һѪæ˫ٴӡ÷˻ȥվϷİѩҲǸӵЫβŮˣ˫һƣһ޴ӻ˳ȥ
ӻչģ
ӻʢ֮оȻһȣŵɴĽŮӣɫ㣬̬۾һţͶҶ׳һۡ
ƣ
ϧǣҶƽŮɫиǳ֮⣬ҲݲκԣŮٽģȴҲ벻ۡ
οŮҪ̬ˣҶ첻˿Ӱ죬һָ֮£̼ɢΪС
˲ֹûҶ˿иӵľΪ󷨵ԲӦýڴˡ
Ϊ֤ҶĲһ㣬Ȼڰѩ֮һΣͬʱ
һЦ磡
һ֣һɹɿһ֮д׵˺ΧĿռ䣬ֳһĿռѷ죬ɲǼ䶼ҶֽеĴ
ĵ󣡡
Ķĵͬʱţޱ߽鲼֮䣬Ľ⣬ÿһֲޱȣӵпٵ֮
ʯȼ
ʯ񻨣죬޴Ļ֮϶ܵĺɫ棬ŷ󺣵ˣҶ
ͬʱҶչȻ


1867 Ħѧϰ
ʮϹĻѾת˽ʱ֮ãǶҶĹʼγ֣ݱΪͬʱ֣ͬʱֱ֣ڵʮͬʱ֡
Խÿһ˵ʵʮֹ֮͵ʮĸȫԸҶ
ҶѾͻƵ֮Ҳ޷סԼ˵ȫ
Ȼֱһ̣ǲ֪Լˣʮʮ仨ͬʱ֮£Ҷͬͥһ㣬˵ˣƺûʩչȫǾĹȴǿҪ;ƿݵĵز
ȻҲǵг˾ͬʱһ˿˿ɻǾҶʵжǿ
ȷǱԼǿ󣬵Ϊȴٳٲ󣬶ֻߣԼ˷Ȼвأ
˵ʵҶʵʵҲǵΪֹȻɣǿװɣûȫ
ЩǵͷǱ˴˶ǳɻ󣬲Ҳ뵽Ҷ֮Ŀ
һͨʮ˵һһ۲ѧϰĲã
ܹ֮˵ʵʮʵ̫ҶˣΪպԵĵ˻ԽԽǿȻ£ȴҪΪߵֵǿǣǵʵҶȴηҶͬĵˣʱڳܹӼʤ㡣
ҶãӦòֹڴˣΪţ䳾ԼʵвȴҲûֹʮڷ񹥻бȻԭ
㣬ҶҲŹ˼ɣֱӽȥ
Ҷһλʮ˵ֹ֮ͻȻʼ򻨽Ͽյӹһ֮УλãǶ޴ʻӰĻ֮С
ȻеҶϣԭȻȫǿʽĲãеͬʱʱ˽룬󷨵һóɹ֮󣬾൱Գһ硣
Ҷаһݣ󷨵ȷ̫һֻҪ㹻Ĳ֮ˣô󷨵ԴԴϵĳֻǲ֪ûоͷ֮ʱ
ҶѾϾٿЩˣΪӹļ룬󷨵ȻٴϾӹ춥֣ʵת֮ʮ൱ˡ
һ̣Ҷ֪Լȥˣ䳾ĿӦҪԼ
ȷʱļټӹļ룬󷨵Ȼٴκһ˴Ҷλ֮ϣضеԼ֣ܼȥ滹һΪ䳾ûг֡
һȵӹ֮ʱ䳾϶Уһݴͣһս˳֮£ĽȻ˵
䳾ļƲߣʵԭ䳾û׼ô鷳ģֻӹҶܣԼԼȫӳƬ걻Ҷ֮Ÿı⣬ҪԻԸҶ
ò˵䳾òʵĵأıԣ֮ѡܹĶֻ֣ǿϧҶ
Ҷڴͨһ˸ѨλÿѨλͬһԱ˵ʱڲôе£ټʮʱҲָɺԵ
ֻҶԼԸٵȥˣϾ䳾ʵǿļĻ󷨵ܹصǿɾͲܿˡ
ˣ
ɽڳҶϣս֣Ҷڶʱһɾ˵
кɽ֮ϼԪɽһʮʻʻ̿ή֮ϲƣ޷ܺԪĿֲѹ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮʻըʮҲοпһѪȥֱ˿̣վλȴȻûз仯ǺˣҲжһ£ͬһһ
⼸ǲģ
ȫΪλڻ֮ӹ˫ʮָ֮оȻʮ˿ϸĺɫ壬Ȼʮ˵塣
ʮ˵˿ƣԲܵεȳ̶ȵĹǺʬȴһվλ֮ϡ
Ҷ棬ȻӹãҲȥӹһЦȻâŰѩȥ
ֻҪһ˵λãô󷨲ƣ
ѩоãȻǹãȻ֮ȴһ˿ŭ˿̵Ҳ֪ûǣǲô˵Ҷĺޣȴ֮Уʱ޿̶μס
ҶȴǲЩɽ߸𣬺Űѩȥ
ȻʱͻȻһĪӺӶ԰ʼհڷ򻨽ΣȻ˽


1868 ˮ
ƿȷһŮˣֻǻʻ֣ȫݣǹǴ˫֮ͷŶ
ҶȻоԼеĺɽΪ֮һвЦ䳾ǿ˺ɽڴ˿̳֣Ҫߡ
ҶȻһɽͻȻӵ˿УԪͬһӿΧǹɾ޴
һ̣˵ɫӹͬһɫȴ΢΢һ䣬Ȼ޷ҶȻӳֲǣȻԼܹ
֪ԴӺԪɽһ𣬾͸ҶһɳҶÿζɽ֮ʱԼһͬ׵ϴټˣԾö֮֮£Ѿһ˿ʶ
ʱգʶҲǲ֮¡
ˣҶҲûܹɽҶ߶ߣ
ҶӳɽͬʱԼѾΪ⣬嵽˰ѩǰȻһȭ˳ȥ
䣡
ѩǴһ˿ŭһ̣ͬ壬Ȼը
ҶΪȻѩô󷨿϶ҲҪ֮ʱͻȻкâһӹڼ䲻ݷ֮ʣȻǾ߹ײĸ򿪣һӹ˲˰ѩλ֮ϡ
ɴڣ
ҶɣٴһȭӹĿܣȻȭɲǣ͸оܵĿռһǶתһе֮Уȭͷϴĳƴѹ
ۣ
ܷһѪһϺȻ¶һ˿֮ɫĿ⾹ȻǿҶǿԶ򻨽ΣȻȥ
ܷͬʱӹһĹײģ澹ȻֳһӹѸٳܷλ֮ϣһžͽܷʬ߱
ҶһԼӹȻеȴܷ壬ӣӹУܿصãܹյĿռ䷨֮ʩչ͵Ǭ
Ҷ̵󷨵ӹĳ֣ҲӵƵ;ңҶٴξȭɱһ֮ʱû뵽ӹԷһѣǽ͵Ҷȭͷ֮ǰ
һһӹӹײгȡ֮
ҶˣӹǴۣԼҪɱƱҪȽΧɱɱ壬ôӹ᲻ɱӹĿܣӹֻԿռ䷨֮˺Ϳܵλ˲Եȵ֮ԼĿȡ֮
ת֮䣬ԭȵʮϹˣֻʣλãǱĿռݣ
ٺ٣СӣҿҪղ֮ˣ
ܣ뿪˵ݷԾĵһ㣬ޱȵĺ⡣
ҶҲʱֹͣ˹еӹɨԾڿĺɽзɿתͷ
Լǵ͹󷨵ӹĹ죬û´ĻǾ߹ײ֮ʮĿܡ
ȵʮܶȫ֣ȫó󷨵Ļǵʱ󷨵Ľһֲĵزٽﵽ۷֮ԲҶܿġ
ҶɱΪʲôɱˣٺ٣Ͻʣ˶ɱˣʱҾͿеҶ֣ɱɣ
ӹ޼ɵķЦ֮г˳Ū֮ɫ
䳾
Ҷɨһۻ֮еŮˣ֣Ůʵ̫򵥣
ʱ˿̣ҶѾ޼ƿʩѨλ֮ӹȫЧ֮£Լڷ֮ƿأɽֱ䳾ǣסԼеĹʽסˣ
ӣֻȫͷԼٽѪ֮ڵĹԼʵʱﵽ֮ƿ˵
Ȼ뷨ոðʱʼձķϺȻڵҶ磬Կɣ
ϵĻҶ΢΢һ򻨽е䳾ǳһϵ΢΢һɣɽһâصҶС
Ҷֵܣ죬㲻Ķ֡
ϾȻҶ˳ӹһۣȻĿͶԱߵӵطҵȷİ취ģܹ󷨣
ҶѯʣϺȻһеˮ
ǶӣԼ˿Ĳ÷ϿڿЦһ
Ȼֵ³ǰѾƽĴӣȻ
䣡
䣡
䣡
һһˮͻȻӴ֮гȫˮ۶ɣǧɣ֮䣬Ӵ֮оȻͳʮǧɾӵˮλһ̶½
һĻҶӹ䳾¶Ŀɿڴ϶Ϸһһ仰ȻúˮԹ


1869 Ϊ
ʮǧˮȻӦŻǶ޴ʻӰʮ꣬Ȼײ˹ȥ
¡¡
ͬذľ죬ȫ֣
һ̣ҶȻ֣ǿ鱻Ƶ¶һ˿϶˿϶֮͸¶ģһɫâֻһţȴҶһϤ𺳣
ǵɫâӦˮ֮ǡˮ֮򣿡
Ҷͷ
ˮҶ˵żΪҪ壬ĳںۣ֮ˮ֮ϤһҲΪʲôڿռ䷨֮Ȼܹˮ֮
Ȼ˵ˮ֮򣬺ܴһԭҪ鹦֮ûҶĹϵҲô
ʱ˿̣ӷڵһŵâ֮УҶоϤȻ޷˽ڷϵܡ
ǲ²⣬ӦǺһڲĳʥĻǣڼȻǴˮɫ뷨ȻͱƷΪˮϵʥ䣬˿̾ҶԼϵĹ䶦С
ͬʱֻ䣬ȻҲб仹Ҫܹˮϵʥޣԣڷϵϲһ˿ȴҶ˸ɻ
ʱһҺ֮Ҷע˻ʮȫˮ۶ɵǧɾͬʱײڻʮƬϵĽ׵Ľӹʮͳͳײԭȵλá
ͬеһƬҶһ㣬ͬӹڣʮѾˮɣֱ˴֮Уʧ١
ǵʧȻҲǲƣǶ޴ʻױɢ˿Уӹ׹һתӣոճ𣬾ȻһʻȻ֣ǰ
һ£ӹɫʱһҶоâɽֱӵѾʼƣ̬ķϵͷԼȴǳ˴ӣŶ԰򻨽γȥ
䳾Ů̫ǿΣգҶҪһпܽ¡
ȻҶո˲䣬ʻȻǰʢסΣȵеʻʱ򣬴Ȼ򻨽ʧˣ
Ҷոճ嵽԰򻨽ʧ˫ۻȻͬΪ䳾赲ûüߵӹ
ӹĹһҧҶҲ㶯ֻ֣Ҫ뿪֪ʲôҶ㣡
Ȼ䳾סӹҪҶʵӹк޵˼£ϧƫƫܰ䳾ôΪ䳾δޣ֮ӣ
䳾ǵң
Ҳ֪ԼĿѾٵȻʣҲҶĶ֣ԣֻķҶȡԼĻ
Ҷӹ۾һЦ㻹ʸּۻ㲻˵ɱ㣬һܹ֪
ܣҵ沼µĽƣκο̽ҵ걬
һ仰Ҷţʼ磬νĵûϵʲôòҲûʲôʧˣԺһһˡ
ӹٴ˸ĹҶԹʼ֮ģպټʱ֣һᰵаԸ䳾
ģҶһЦǩѪȻ°ɣ
գӹκҶǩѪһҶ׷ġ
ţӹĿУҶҲ֪һЩֻǣΪʵ̫⣬ͱֱرչأӹ֪Ҳ̫ϸ
ӹ˵ĵ㼫ΪõϢ
һϵȷŷսսĵͼеͼ֣˵ģܹ֤˳˳ߵķ磡
ڶĹϢģԼڤ磬ֻ޷룬Ҫۺ˵ѪҺܽ룬֪ΪʲôĹڱصá
ȻȷǿǹΪʮ֮һ֮˸޷ߣżǿĹֱ⼸֣ӹ⣬ԼƴȫҲһ˵Ķ֡
ģ֮ӿֻܲһˣм˾Ͳˣ֮ӹ֪һ㣬ҲΪдг˵ã˵˵ݵλ˿²⡣
ӹ˵ĸϢ֮뿪ˣһٶҶǿԸ䳾û⣬ҶԸĻΥѪ
ҶҲûйǿܹӹΪãѾǲСջˡ
ڵϣѾָƽĴӣѾԵķϣҶʼŸβܳɹڤ磬Լҵɵ䡣


1870 ڤ
һ֮󣬷ϾѹºˣһʹӵվܵҶ磬𣿡
ˣҶɫĿŷϵڸоô
û£ֻûǰˮеܲסٺ٣һЦ
ֵܣܸܲңеõλǰ˵Ĵе֣
Ҷ磬һΪҿˮѧİɣʵǣͻᣡ
˵ʱ򣬷һʵϾȻֳ˼˿Ȼ֮ɫҲΪҵĸĸȻԼ֮Ҿ¶ģ򲻵֮ʱԲʹ
һ仰ʱҶгжǸΣվһķϵļֵܣԲ𣬶Ҳã£ˣȥ²˵ˣҲʣ߰ɣھȥڤ磡

ϹȻҲǲԸᣬҶȻϲʣȴԽΣ۽Ѿ൱ˣʶҲǻĴû˵˭ܹӵֿˮ
̶ֳȵĿƣѾǼ򵥵Ķˮ֮Ŀƣƿˮ֮飬ҶҲڵԼһ㣬ɴ˿ɼϵܼΪء
뿪磬ڤ
ҶǼΪҪϵڤ磬̰ͼĹеĶǸеʮֺ棬ΪʲôĹڱصãۺԼʦйһսô£
ȻԼʵҶҲµʶԼʵѾﵽ۷壬Ѫ֮ʩչܹ죬ǲӹ䳾ԼǸĪĻߵķϣЩ˵ʵһҲԼ١
۷ĶˣʵϸķսĲͬԼӵзĲͬ۷֮Ҳͬǿ֮֡
򵥵ĵһո۷ˣʱȻĻԲһ۷ɰǧ˵Ķ֡
ԼܹڶʱڽʵҲҲͬƵЩϼһǣǾ㲻ʮܹ屶ҲԼܿġ
֮ڿʼҶ֪Լ̫д
ʣ·;ȻϵƽЩκе֪Ĳ磬Ҳûзκε飬Ӧ䳾ھ˺ҶĴս֮󣬽ϸľ
Ҷ𲻵ʲôʵԵĴԳеɴڤҶĵ
һµʱȥҶͷ϶贩Խ֮ڤ硣
ոյִڤ磬Ҷ;Լݷǻص˵ĻǣΪʿʵ̫ˣ
;Ҳܿһª̯ͬһĵ̣һЩʿʣ鵤ҶΪϤĶķ
ǧЩ̼ª֮ȴвٵĺöЩķδĵҩ
ȻĹϢѾʲôţ֪ҲԸʿ˷ϵڤ磬ԲŻ˵ʢ
Щʿ磬мҶ޷Ϊˣ²Ӧ죡
ÿһˣñϣ²Ǵߵٶ״̬Ҳܿĳ
ٶ״̬ʱʱ̿϶ŵʹ֮ɫģȻǻʿϾںϵĵ֮磬Ĺɲʵȫܵġ
ԴƣʿȻɵģֱǵġ
ĵ֮磬ʺϵʿǣҶǿȻ⡣
֮ڤֱһʿںϵ磬ʿҲֻڷսвܿ
һϵ۾ȫһûĺһÿǰҪפãᡣ
Ҷ⣬ΪһɢޣûʦųȻҲûõʣ֮·ȷǺѡ
ʱͷϵദУҶѿʵǳ׾ݣ˴ʮͽ׵쵤֮⣬ûκεĶˣһжеϡ档
ҶƬ̣͸һ㶫ȻǰǱܿ۵ġ
йڶƷʦĵľ飬ټѾ޴ɣ֮תۣ۵£ݹܹҶ۾ĵҩ߷Ĳˡ
֮Ҷɷڸָĵ֮䣬һ߿ŸƷһҲԼ죬Ҫܷˡ
ȻһԷʿĶԻҶĶУˣʲôö˵ĺö϶ֻеϳ֣ʱҿ϶һƷ


1871 
ᣡ
֣Ҷ񲻽е㱣ΪԼĪĵһμ棬һϣ
һĻݷ죬ȴѾʱʮ֮ãû뵽սеڤڣȻһἴУңĻٰ֮˻ǹ塣
ʵҶڵĸȻҲԽ࣬ȻԶԶﲻδ֪ĳ̶ȣǶĳЩ飬ȴδ֮ǰһЩо
ͱ⼴ʼᣬҶȻûȴԼָоԼҲʲô飬ߣʲô
ˣ˸ˣʳ֮ǳϸ
ԭսս֮УЩ߸ϵǣ˻Ὺ磬֮⣬ὫһЩıУԵߵ֮ҲһֶԲμӷս˵ıļ
Щ˵ȻǸ۵ģǶµ˵ż㵽˴ʥս־磬ܹӵЩҲԻż
εķսΪ׵Ĺˣ˵ͻһıԾó
֮⣬ȻҹҲǴ󿪷֮ţκöȥȻҪȾԼļȷмֵ֮󣬲ܲμӣȥ֮ȡһӶΪꡣ
ʿڷսսǻɱʿǵĿռ䷨ȻҲúܶջСԼãԼõ£ٺöŲȡԼ衣
ˣᣬȻ󲿷˵עǼڹǼ֮ϡ
˽ϸ֮ҶͷЦĳԲ˵ô򵥡
ǹԼֵıΪԼãҪó
Ȼλ֮ӣܻ丸ĵλʲôȱأӹѵͲҪ
ԣҶԶ϶Ȼթ
᲻ԼɵأҶ˼⡣
ҶǸ壬ԼҲҪȥǰ˾Ҫʲô
֮ҶͽڱһʿһƷƵ˫۶̹ķϸӲקˡ
ƷҶѵУ
֮ھУȻڤڣǹȴӲĴһģĽܲǿĽƣĸڽ֮£Ҳѡ
ȻΪòμʿǸеġ
佨ĸڣÿ֮һţâ֮˸ÿ֮ⶼһĸػΪţͻչ¶š
ãֻǱ¶磬ᱩ¶࣡
òͨ΢еӷ׵ԶԶվţǾѾͷҶͷϣϾ䳾ˣ־дˣҶòСһ㡣
ڸĻòԵΪһҶҶҲûԥʵܼ򵥣ǶˮĿƣ񷽳ƿˮ֮ˣһѧͻᣬ֮ҶҪ
ܹıòܹһͷڵĹ裬ӶȫıԼ͡
߸䰫ӱӣ
˵òǷģҶȫϲԼˣ
˾վԶһľЩУҶٴη˲ٵˣĸ
ҶеȵģǸովߵһһŮеǾħѪɷŮģǱҶ־ȹȴַݺҶĺѩ
ƺѾ£״̬伫ΪǣȻҲҺƼҵĽˡ
֮⣬ҶȻҲ޷͸ΪˣûдӹŽ룬ֱӱ˽ȥ
ˣ
Ҷܿжϡ
ھ˽֮ҶͷţȻǿҶͷϣڹ֮УΪҲ޷һ۷壬һһأ˵ӦǱֵͬ򣬵Ǿ˵һټ֣һ
Ҷ֮󣬺ܿһܣԼŵĶ۷徳ʿ
вЦΪ˷ֹֻ֣ǹ⿴ʲôãؼҪʵ
Щ֮⣬ҶûзһԼֵܣȻ΢еʧȴҲ΢ģڤڱдսǲҲá
䳾ȻǲֱӳֳˣڽĶˣżֵķ䣬Ҷ²ǺܾܿУΪеһ֮УܵѪϢ
˶֮ʽʼһĶ֮ʱҶͻȻоԼռ䷨֮صֻ棬Ȼ䶯


1872 ϵ
μӹ˶֪һ˵õĶһѹԽֵĶȻҲԽ
ˣһĶһδĵҩʵ޻ϻһ˿ǳԵѷ졣
Ƚǿˣ㲻ƷҲ֪ƣôϾǷˣʱɨƷס
ŵҩֵɲǣֳϰ˼̶ɨ֮󣬱˴˵϶¶һ˿֮ɫ
ŵҩǧƷʯ
ʱƷʯΪͨĻý飬죬ƷʯΪý飬ŵҩļ۸񲻸߲͡
Ȼв۸֮ϵı֮ɫأкֱӷ֮
һż󲿷˶ܿĳķϵȻǧƷʯ˾˰
ҶҲôΪģǵǼҵķӦȴ΢΢һҪ֪ʵҲԶں͵ҩйصһУԼĸӦ
Դӵõ֮Ҷͽڿռ䷨֮УѾɹһǿֵҩҲǼΪʵҩҹҹ˯ȻķʽҪҶġ
ȻڣͻȻҵķӦȻҶע⣬ɫĴۣӡ
ҶѾŴ֮ת䣬ȻļƷҲˮǴߣʦڵļֵ޷ʩչļƷ͵͵ŵҩƷס
۾죬Ҫ˵ڼƷϵʵҶ㲻ҳƵһҲʸǰ֮УǽмƷͬѾɵۣһ˿Ƶĵҩ֮ǰȻȫʧȥá
ŵȷŹŹ֣ѹֵ˷Ӧ
Ȼ˸ߺչضҪ򵥽һ£ŵҩȻǧƷʯҲӦеɣ˵
仰̵õڳһЩʿͬ׷׳ϡ
ʦһϡߣµİ뼸Ҫϵ棬˵ĸ֮΢һŵҩҹˣһеһĹеõģʵΪ˽ĹĹ֮оֻһŵҩҹʼ֮ģ֮ǰû˽Ĺ
Ȼ˵ļ򵥣ڳ֮˶ףܹһλʿĹĹ֮УȻֻһŵҩһ˵ŵҩˡ
ǣôŵҩһŷϵΪǧʯƺֵð
ǧһٿ飡
ڣʵ̲ס棬һ۸ȻҲǱðյ̬ȣ۸񿪵Ĳߡ
˿ͷ½˺ۣ۸񱻺ǧʯ֮˳֣еĴӼصʱҶҲˣǧһٿ飡
һԵķϲһƨ˵ϣǵıʶݣ¶ҪסҶˡ
Цô󣬼ʯһҲûô࣬ҶȻһھͺ˳ȥ
м˱ۣҶķ֣Щ֮˷ֱԸǵ϶йϢףǹԼڹ̧۸һһ
ʼճȣһ̺ǰ۸Ҫ߳һٿļ۸񣬵ջ԰ǧʯĸ߼۵õŵҩ
һ̣ҶԸомǿɨԼоԶ˵Ǽ֮еģһװ֪
⼸ûзʲô쳣ɨ˼֮˻ȥ
ҶЦȴǲɫվŷȥ渶Ǯõ
չӦ֮ٽн׵ģҶĵʱ䣬õŵҩԼϲܰġ
ϿҶԥ˦ƷʯһʮһõǿŲ۵ĵҩ֮Ƕ̲ס΢΢鴤
ҶԼڻʱ򣬾˶Ķʯ
ҩҶתҪߣǺȻͣ˽Ųĸ֮˵ҲһŵҩҪ֪ܷü
ԣ˿ҶĿ⣬ڿһԩͷһЦŵȻԣĵҩҪǵʦȷʸμҳɹǻҪȡһӶ𡣡
Ҷ˵ͳһŵҩӸʮ飬Ʒʯ
˺ͷ϶ʱɴ۾Լǲˡ
ȷ
ǵʦɣҶʮָɴĴĻ
ǣܿһʦŵҩϸĿ˰֮˫軨֮жȻһ⣬ɫ˲üܹԪٰ


1873 Ů
ɵƷ׵ǿƷ쵤Ϊ˻ƽҶ˵Ҽ񣬱Լʦ
ò˵ȷʮǿ󣬾ֱƳҩЧҪ㣬ܹӰԪ
Ҷ뽫Ÿ۵ģ˵Ԫ޷ͻ˾˥֮࣬ͬһָҲ˵޷ͻ˥࣬ôҩҲûá
ˣҶžԭܼ򵥣Ҫʯ
ỹڼıҲȤϵʯȴˡ
ʦȻ͸˶һۺѣǹֱӹˣ㿴Σ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԣ۸͵һˣҲҪʮƷʯ
ʦɫʱѿѣļ۸񣬻ҲƷʯңҪʮѾˡ
ʮļ۸㶼˵ˣ꣬ʮһڼۣͰ
ЩСùҶʦֻҧͬˣҶҲע⵽ˣʦͷ֮ʱһ˿ɱ⡣
ҶЦǿŷϵͶʮƷʯصԼλѾͬɵһ㣬ֱ㶵ĸš
صλ֮Ҷ̷ĵٴԼϣβһǽԼϵСպãҶɫļۿᡣ
ʮ֮ڵһһ˵嶼΢΢ǰ㣬۾ɴ˼ޣټĽش
һһõһҪãķӡ̫ǿ֮£ŸϣԵߵ֮ʮƷʯ
˵֮䣬ʦѾ˫һŵ˵ǰǺȻһ٣һͨ役ڣǱչͬľ̿һĹ٣ϵҲȫϵֻʣ°ɫʺһ棬ǱѪȾһ
ǳ˺ʿǣڿ֮󣬴󲿷˵¶ʧ֮ɫ
ͬҶߵǿŵҩһڹȥʥ̶ȣҲѾʧȥҪ뽫޸ǲܵ飬ˣͬһͬ߰Ĵڣ֮ϧʳ֮ζ
УһΪʲôأȻһ٣
ǰŪôͷΪôһ٣̫ʧˡ
Ҿ˵۸ôأҪùıĻôֵֻʮ飬ԭһ٣ʮʯôһ٣ɵӲŻɰɣ
Ҳǻ൱Ĵ۲ŵõԼ޷ʹã᲻ûѣҪȥĳԩͷ̵㱾Ǯ
ָʧʼвǶϼƵķ֮УҲ˼΢ŵ̾
Ҷһ̾Ȼٴγ買ǣĶ٣
Ϊ֮УоһϤһٻ
ǰʺңжȻðһ뷨
һ̣ҶѾǿգҶٻ˳Ѫ˵һλʦ㣬Ů۷࣬ǲǣ
Ҷĵ֪ʲô٣ȷù٣
Ѫһ֮УΨһһŮӣҲҶʦ㣬Ů۷࣬ͬһλʿŷɥĳǿߣΪ͸֮ƾһ٣ƿ˵Ҳ͵ƿ˵
ȴܹ֮⣬ЩеĴܣֻҪôӲ١
Ҷǿ˳٣еļֱѾ޷ݣղΪܵдϤУӶ˹ԼΨһһλʦ¼ҶҲϣٿ¾٣ôҲУܹҵ䡣
ڱУ뵽ٵǶҶ˵ںЩںԼʦ䡣
Ҷܿ侲˼óٵĿģ
ҶƲ⣬尲ŵⳡᣬܿԼɵģھȻ˿Լʦô᲻ǹó٣ҪԼ
ϾйѪһŵĳԱʲô̫ܡ
֮ʦµķӡôҲֻѪһŵܹ⿪
ʹʥʵƣǲģôΨһܹ⿪ӡˣֻʣԼˣ
Ҷ磬ôˣԲҶе㲻Ծеѯʵ
Ҷ˿ûʲôֵܣһᣬǿҪкܴ鷳ˡ
Ϊʲô
Ϊ٣ڱصã


1874 ı
ȻҶʮԼһ٣ô䳾˼Ի³ԼʵݣԼ˵٣ڱصãϧһдۡ
ΪֹŸʦʦ㣬ҶѾֱӻ߼ӵĽӴ˴ʦħԯ콾ʦֽڣʦֲ׶ʦִʥս죬ʦʦʦк;ʦࡣ
Ψһû˿ϢľʦŮ۷ʦ飡
Ȼڣòףʦ֣ͰҶǰҶȻϴ
ʼȻ˶ٶã۵ʱȴȻ˲Ͽ۸ΪǲΪģΪľܲеĶ
ʦ˵ĺзӡԹȫ֮Ҳ޷ƿӡȻҲ޷֪ӡ֮µʲôҲͳʿĵط
ǳ۵ˣԶӵŵĴȻҲͱһ˿ϣҲԼ֮Уܹ⿪ӡأ
ǣ۸һ·ڽÿ۵ķȶ󣬶ż۸Խ̧ԽߣҲʼ˷ֻʣڳ۾ǶڱصõҶȴһμ۸Ҳû
̲סĴʵҶ磬㲻˵Ҫôۣڼ۸Ѿʮˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڵȣȵͷٳۣ
΢ЦͬʱҶĿȴǱע̨ϵʦܹĿԷʱʱӺͼ֮ɫ
ڳ۵˫ȻԶѪʵòȴҶۣܿĺһʶһȴԼˣɷĺѩ
ǶΪλ˸ȤҶȻ֪ԭ
ż۸ﵽʮ֮һĳۿʼԥˣϾôĴȥһ˵ⲻӡ٣ίʵе̫ˣգһ
ɷĺѩΪڹԼУӶ³һʱҶڲɫĿڵʮ򣡡
Ҷ֮ټĽ֮һƬţÿ˵ĿⶼеҶϣϳ֮⣬˵ıлһݳ
϶㾪ýг
ղҶһŵõʮ飬Ȼ˶ʮļ۸ʵ̫ˡ
ȻҶĴ㣬ȥ̧ۣԼǵȵͷһԵĽ۸һ£Ļ༸ʤ㡣
飬ȻҶĿǰеƷʯˡ
ں֮µƽɷĺѩ˵ɫ˲ѿ˵ʵһܳܵļ޼۸ҲֻǶʮȻҶȻ۸Ǹûپ
٣ձҶԶʮƷʯ۵õˣ
ֵܣһңҪ
ŷϴһ֮ȫ˵ע֮ºǿ֮£Ҷ̹Ȼվλ˳ȥ
ǮȡٵĹ̵Ǻ˳һԼҶâڱĸоȷ֮Ҷû˿̺ͣͷϿ첽߳佨
뿪֮ΪŷϣҶҲ޷ʩչռ˲ֻ֮ѡ˶ĵطţһԼϵһЩҩһ̯λģĿʼ۵ҩ
֪кܶ˶Լ¶ɱԼڣǼǹ壬ҲԲĿŵģĽʿֹ֮ԼĻ͵ڳԼĶ⣬ȥĶȻҪᣬպ˭ǣ
ˣܰЩҶ˶ҶĿģȴ˭ҲûκΣð֮踵ĳ֡
ı
֮ҶϵЩɢȻģֵ˰µʱ䣬ȷԼźͷٴ뿪
Ҷ磬ȫ𣿡
һµʱҲǴŵ£Ȼ֪׷ʲôǺôףһóʮʯٵˣںܶУֻɶõķ
ûȻûԼˣҶȻһ˿ס
˶ǣȥģ
ҶһĨɱĵȻ㲻ôֱԣǲɱҾǵԸߣȥ˵ĵط
ΪĹҶ϶ѡ뿪ڤ磬ڣȴſʱֵɣڴ֮ǰҲҪ¸
ң˶ѾϷģֻʣ
ڣ˵һƬɽʱҶȻͣ˽ŲյִŰȻˣͲҪˣ


1875 Һ
ɽȵΧӰһûԼòɷĺѩһˣֻˣȴҶ֮ǰûмģˣȻǴﵽľ硣
ʱҶȻûлָԭòɷĺѩȻϲɷޱĵٽ㲻
ǣҶȴ̾˿΢΢еʧΪ֪ûг֡
ҶûǿĺѩҶĿʱоȻûɵһ
ȻҶıòϢ񣬵Ǵ˿ȴ¶񣬶޵ĺѩһ̾͸ֳӰѿڶҶ
ң
ѾݣҶȻȻĻָԭòעĺѩĺѩʶҲȴŶҶ𱨣֪ԭ򣡡
ǰ֮˾ȻҶʱɷĺѩɫǱüΪѿĺѩ嶼΢΢ҧԼ촽Ѫ˿ҲǻȻ
Ȼĺѩ󺰵ûԭҺ㣡
£һɺڰϢͻȻǵӿɽɲ֮һƬڰ֮С
Ҷ磬ҿˣϵ
ûţ
ĺѩѵĺڰ֮ҶоӰصĹʽе񣬶ۣܹȻܵ˿Ӱ죬ֻеǣĺѩʵȻҲͻͽѾﵽ۷塣
ӣٴͻϲ
𣡡
һŭĺȻҶɼһͷ˫ǵľ޴ӰȻޱߵĺڰ֮УȭͷԼ˹
ѹɷߵһ˵֮ȻǾ䣡
ҶǻָϲӬһΪ̧һָԼǸ޴ȭͷ֮ϵĳλһϧֻǸӰӰҲѨλģ̫Ԩɢ
飡
ըȻǸ޴ȭͷը˿һĺУ̣ʧޱߺڰ֮С
ͬʱҶͬǰ˫֮жȻһ̫ͼǺŨīĺڵͷų޾ʱΧĺڰͬŨһ㣬Ȼӿ˺ڵ֮С
ǺĵѪ֮ϣȴǱҫѪ⣬â֮кڰ̱ɢ
Ҷ˫ֶȻڿһĵڣ
ˣ
ͬʱһ֮ӿ۳һɫĽ㣬̫ͼ֮С
ʱڹɢѪⱩǣԭɽ֮гޱߺڰȻ˲ͱޱѪɷĺѩˣıѪ֮УŻת̫ͼ
Сס֣
һ߶ȻһһֻƻצӸ£Ҷץȥһ˫ȭƬޱѪ⡣
飡
ҶͷҲֱ̧ӾȭѹצȻУƱ㱻ҵѪģѪĽ
飡
̫ͼͬʱɢںֹâγһɽȵľ޴ͼΣͼ֮ϣ̷׷ը޷ֺ
λûгֵʿ˿Ѿ֣̿ҶĿ֮Զһ˿ηģ
һ仰ͬһ㣬ĺĺѩļ䣬ӵĿҶ
û֪֮Իɷһ𣬾ΪԼΪȻϴƽķݣֻϧƽʧܣ֪ĵϢӵħѪƼңһͻƽƵķԴħɷӶƽɹڶʱӵ˽ʵ
һУʵ˵ףΪгһҶʱܹܹԼĺȫй
ȻҶĺѩŷ֣Ҷĳɳٶ֮죬ʵǳκ˵Լ֮ĲǵûСԽԽ׵޷Խ
һ̣ĺѩ˿⣬ֻϧҲѾˣѾΪɷŮˣ
ҶĿʿҲ˭Ƕ˱Ҫ˭ңɱ˭
˵֮ҶҲһۣȻ̫ͼסɷĺѩȥ
ҾͲţĸ˻ɱһ
һŭǰǸҶ֮˵ĿзҶѾ޵˼¡
̫֮
飡
ҶĿ³ĸ֣һ촫ʿ̫Ѩը˿
Ҷڵʵ۷µʿ趯֣ƾѨλ֮׵Ľɱ
ŲͣҶѾߵ̫ͼ֮УĿ⿴ĺѩĺѩ·


1876 
ҶɱǶŴҪɱԼˣǾԲģѪĽѵ֮ȥҺƼңնݳ
ɷȻޱ飬˫֮ȴ˿˿ĲʣĺѩȴƽޱȣƺѾ׼
Ҷ̧붯֣ͻȻһȴס֣
Ҷ̧־Ȼͣ˿УΪˣޱȵϤ̲ס̾˿½Լ޷ɱĺѩˡ
һһµ˳ɽȵϿգΪ޷̫ͼֻվͼ֮⣬ҶҶ磬ס֣
Ҷջƣ̾һɣϲ㣡
ˣɣ
Ǹֻ֪ˣȴû˿ʵ竣Ҷļ֮£Ȼ򣬷ͼǿʼչأ̶̼ʱ䣬ʵȻֱȻҲǴﵽ۷֮Ľ㣬ֻһ֮ң
ɵľ޴仯ʶ˶Ϊ̾ңʶԭţĺѩƲɣ
Ҷ磬µʱڱչأҲ֪Ҷ飬ҳ֪֮һУ̤սҵ㣬Ҷ磬ҶԲ㣬Ϊ֮ˣԸ֮ҶҶЩ£
ɼһⷬ˵꣬ҶҲ̧ͷ
ȻǸӢˣֻĿ֮ȴû˹ȥ˿а⣬һƬǱ˻Ҫߵĺɫĵ⣬Ѿü֮УԾڼ룡
˵ʵжҶԼĳ⡣
ӡã⣡
Ҷ³֣ʱɵü֮ϾȻһ⣬ԼɼƺȽɫĴźȻա
ŴŵķգɵҲ޷һ֡
ɣ֮УҲֻһûиңԡ
ۣ
ȻһѪ֮ҶĻžǳ˷ĺ֮ɷ
ɵ֮ϺȻһֻɫ֣˲Ϣ̫ͼͼ֮ϣһץ֮£̫ͼȻ΢΢Ĳ
ɵĶ죬ҶĶ죬˫֮ޱߵɱһץ͸սɷĲӸסӲ
ֻǣһжѾˣ
ĺѩ毺õϣü֮䣬һĴָСĶڣѪ֮⣬еӶɢ֮䡣
ղųҶɶԻʱɷȻ䲻Ķĺѩ֣һ֮£ᴩĺѩüģ
ǣǣˣΪң֪㣬ԣҶ
ܱҶŲӣڿУɷԾĿ¶⣬ѵĴӿмЩۡ
Ҷûһһѱס˼صĺѩ뿴ûа취ܹȻ
ȻҶղŵȷҪɱĺѩǵԼǰȴһ˿̡
ϧ˼٣ҲܾȵĻĺѩˣѾʼɢڷɿš
ĺѩ۹⿪ʼסԼ֮Ҷʱ˫峺˫оȻٴҶա
Ҷһ㣬ûжĺѩָԼտ
Բңϲ㣡
ĺѩϵ߸֣
ֻһ־Ҷյָ߸ֵʧϢĻ˫ϣϣȻһ˿ѵЦݣü֮ĵ⣬ͣü֮ǸªѪ
ɷɱ㣬ɱ㣡
ͬһ嵽ѾҶͳ̫ͼɷǰһɹɺĸλӿɷڡ
ҶֻǾĿĺѩŴЦݵӿһԵ
Ȼĺѩ޺ģеһֽѣǰһ̣ҲԼ⡣
ʵɰޣ޵ԽҲʹŰԽԭԼдʼնǰҶģ
ֻϧݰԼˣԼطľٶ
ڣҶӵȴΪԼݴδʼѾİһľţԼ֪ˣ
Ҫ˵ΨһźǾգԼҲûк˼˵֣áϲ棬Ҷܶģһܶģ
ҶȷˣȻϲĺѩһ̣ȴĸܵĺѩԼİ
ˣ
ҶĶȴ֮жȻһҵ𵴣Ŵӵõ֮󣬾ͱĲе֮ϣȻһ͵Ľ⣬â֮УΨһİңȻ죬ֱ±һҡ
֮


1877 лл
ɷҪãܣ
ĺѩЦŵĻ棬˳׵ķ֮С
ȻɹΪΪǰʵ΢ʵ־ĸ񶼲Ȼһý㣡
ĺѩ֮ΨһһɵˣԼܵĺǻչȷȷʵʵԼΪΣӶҲܹļΪң
Ȼڣ۰Ľˣ
˵ֱͬһ㣡
ˣ
ӿɷڵЩȻÿӲĽŴһּޣȻʼһıѣֱ嶼ѪģҲҲһ飬ָ׸ǴСĵط
ǼɷԾûΪɲôɣô
ҪҹҹҺڰ֮Ҫ㳤þõĻȥˣҲҪҺúõĻţ޾ʹ֮УֱԶ
ɷŭɷüĺȻըһźΰӿ˳û˿ԥſͣһھͽȥ
ΪֹƼ֮ѪˣһȴõľصУһҶӣһڡ
ͬʱһƬȼޱߺɫ棬Χʬǣͬһڣһͷ˫ǣߴɵľ޴ӰȻһŭ
Բ֮ڣʬȫ촷ۣޱߵĺɫ棬˲𣬴ﵽ˰ߡ
ңҶħ֮ģǸɱħˣǾ͵ӭҷŭħɣҪҶˣͳͳʧ
ɫٴδڸߣֱǧɣǵأ

ҶһοһۻеĺѩվĵɣؼҰɣ
ɵ˫Ѿȫ˺ɫû˿۰¶ҶĻĬƬ֮˫ȭգһͷҶ磬֪ˣ
˵̯֮˫֣ҶĻнӹĺѩʬ壬ٴζҶһҾҶ磬ӽ쿪ʼǷһʲôʱҪʲôʱ
ˣĸʿҲ˲ʧҶȴվ買ǵ۾ңԶʡ
ʵľͷҶ·𿴵̣˹壬ǧ˪裬ĺѩĪ磡
Щг֣ϡΪŮˣԭȣһУҶȫֻ֪ĪƶᣬմģĪİ
Ȼڣĺѩְֺ޵ŮǰҶˣȻʲôǰ

ʼվվҶֱʱ̲סڵҶ磬˶ˣˡ
Ҷûлش𣬶Ǳ۾ٴ֮ʱԭĮ۹֮УȻһ˿͡
һ̣ǷϣǸոճֵһȺˣĸоҶɢϢȻӵǿʢˡ
лл㣬ĺѩȻҲܰ㣬ǶлҶŮ֮ҶʾͷЦݵĺѩĬĬĵ
޷ټѹƾˣû뵽εĶ򣬾Ȼҵľٴεõ֮룬ҾͿԴˡ
ҶȻתͻȻĸˣԼһʻɵĻΡ
ôû𣿡Ҷƽʵ
֮УһĮмĵߣʲôݣͼģ֮Ȼܼˡ
Ҷȴûǿ򻨽Σ䳾ֻ𣿡
䳾ش𣬻ǸٴȵСӣʲôݣĸ֣˵ģ죡
̧ƣʮ׵ľ룬ֱҶȥ
ž
һĶ쳹ɽ֮ϣͬʱһӰҲŷ˳ȥֻӰҶӡ
ҶӷɳȥķҺ˵ūţвʸ죡
䣡
ʱصײһɽ֮ϣǿĳӲɽײһ׵ľ޴ѷ졣
㣡
ԼѾ׵ϸߵգӵ¶һ˿⣬ԭ˵ʲôȴҶһ񣬶ʱŵýĻ˻ȥ
ҲǱŵˣĸڹеٮٮߣǴﵽ۷֮ȻҲʸ䳾
ȻҶȴ赭дľͽеһ˸˵ܹǲȡ
ڣ򻨽д䳾ͬҶҴδκһˣ㣬ҵһˣ


1878 ֮
䳾Ȼֱӵ˵Ҷĸ˵ɫøӵѿҶҲȤһ׷ʵ֪ԭ𣿡
ܣ䳾ûӣΪǵһ޷͸ʧܵˡ
˻ν⣿
Ӧ׵ģ׵ĻҲֵˣǿˣҲҪٴһԡ
£򻨽εĽͻȻԶƿһӰӽ˳
һ޲ɷŮӣһײɫɴŸεʻһɫ£ǧ˿òɫ𣬼ѩ˫֮ϣֵĺΣ֮⣬ֶһĶ˵ʣ
ĵһŮȷ뷲ӣ¡
ֻϧҶĿֻϵɨһۣɫƽĵ㾡ܳһԣ
һֹ̣ĸ¶˾֮ɫ䳾Ҳһ˿졣
Ҫ֪֮ģ˽֮䳾ǳף˵ˣֻҪԣ˻ͬ
Ҷƫƫˣ
ҶûжôҲ䳾֮ʱ㲻ģҲо֮УȻˣ˱Ů˶ԼİԼһδεĺԵԼİѾȫĪ磬ԣУκξŮֻһŮˣ֮⣬
һּߵľ磬Ҳһֺʵ޹ص򣬾ͬΪͨ׵һھ˵᱾̨
ҲҶԼ޷֪򣬻ʲôĺôгһգҪʶλʱ򣬾ͻˣͬһֵ
䳾ȻȻһЦЦضʱΪ֮ʧɫҶ֮ǰûҲһѡһ𣿡
ҶͬȻһЦȻף䳾֮Ի˵ԼȫΪԼıԻжԼ֮ʱһС
ϴڴԵȴԼ䳾ΪټԼԶԸҶȻǱϸƣҲ㷽ϲ֣ҶȻҲк֣Ǵεļƻȫʧܡ
죬ִӹҪǿĶĶ׽ҶӦʮþȵ£û뵽ҶǳֵͬʱȻٴͻˣ⽫ʹεļƻ»ٴʧܡ
һǧ谮һͬʱҲʮָ߰Ů˵ȷ޷ܵһʵ
䳾ľ䣬ȻҪһԣ
䳾ȻԼ·һĨͽһʻժĴ峿ָͷһ㣬ʻΣɢ˵㣬֮ϣմһЩӨ¶顣
ʻ䳾ĵ裬ʵĿȶ˵̬ǧĵݣҼ
䳾һ֣ƬɫĻ꣬ͬŮɢڿͻȻ֣ɽݷʻʢ磬˴Ϣ
֮裡
䳾һȣеĻ꾹Ȼȫ趯һƬƬǴľһ㣬鶯֮
һ̣˵ǰ︴գů磬һϢ˲佫˶
ֻҶƽ۹֮ȴǶһ˿˿ľ裬ΪĻ꣬ʶɨ֮£ȻȫģûһõģµǣЩ趯֮ʱһͬʻһĹŹ·
ȻҶʶЩ·Ǵ·֮ȴܹоĺۼԼһ˿֮
ʲôľ֮𣿡
ֱʱҶ֪ԭλһŮʵԼ޼¾ֻа벽֮ңˡ
Ҷ֮ʱͻȻһЦһӴϢεصӿƬ֮ϣȻɢһ㱡Ĳɫ֮УЩ̾Ȼȫó䳾ӡ
ǣ֮䣬ָͷС䳾ֵˣÿһ䳾ӵź䳾ȫһʵҶΧ
һ̣Ҷɫеˣ䳾ɢĿֲϢо˾޴ѹڲȻһ˿ŹֵڴĳűеӣҪһ
Ҷ濪ʼһ˿˿ϸƣеĵطëѿһεεѪ
ܣҶаǧÿӵкͱһʵԲķһʲôԣȻĻ䳾ƾһУԺо죬ͬ޵УҲ޵У
䣡
ҶȻԼڴһը֮ţԼ࣬ԼѪܣԼĹԼѪԼÿһ֣ȻԻٶȣ
ͷ֮£ҶҲ𽥱Ӵ
֮⵽ʲô֮


1879 

ҶĿȻһʹĺУΪ˿꾹ȻʼԻٶӴ󣬳üģԴۿžҪ֮ȫ
ĸλҲͬ˼ޣ˿ѾޱȵĿֲ
Ҷ򣡡
ȻҶȻҶ𣬶ʱ˹ȷԼͬһ㣬ѿһжһȫµɳ
䳾ǲãʵڣҲ䳾ܻ
Ȼ䳾յķ֮ǶҶڵĴû˿İҶĿǰյĿռ䷨ˮ֮ȫ޷Կ
Ȼһ̣ҶȴͻȻһ㣬һ磬Ȼſͣ䳾䳾㰮𣿡
˭ҲûϵҶȻʱʳһ仰䳾Ҳ΢΢һ
Ҷݽҧǿ廯һȫʹղ˵ûѡһ㣬ǰǰң˵㵽װ˭
һ仰Ҷ֮ģڤڷ·ڻص⡣
ҶͻȻһȣ䳾¶һ˿ãȻҰ㣿˭
һ˿ãȻ䳾ֹͣǰҶڵõһλᣬٴηһȣһòڹٴ֮гǰ
ǸѾ»ָѪɫңҶþȫһ֮£Ȼһ
ߣͬҹ˿еૣͬ˲صĿͬȴ޷һʹߣ
ˣ಻ϣڿ۳һѪġ֣ȫΧ䳾ֱӳ䳾ı
ˣ
֣ӡ䳾ü֮ϣһѪڣͬһֻȭһ㣬ݺݵ䳾֮ϡ
Ȼ䳾û¶κʹ֮ɫȴǴһְҸ֮ɫ飬֮еŮü֮У͸ŨŨİ⣡

Ҷһڷ賤嶸ȻƽҺܿĻָһ̣ȴһץסеĹ٣һץסѾ֮еķϣռ䷨ʩչ˼£˲ԭʧ
˲֮˵֮г׵ʧˡ
֮ڤĴ֮Ҷŷڳ֣䵽֮ʱѾ³һѪɫήҵ˼¡
Ҷ磬ôˣϾе
û£ϣһ£ҽ뵽ˮУҪˣ
䳾Ĺ֮£ҶѾˣΪ˳ѹ˵׷ʱ䣬һֱʩչռ˲ƣӶƼأӴһգ;ƿ֮
϶˵ץסҶһԾ˺С
ˮȻԶֿϺҶʧ֮󣬱Ѹٺ£һ˿ûз
һҶǱ뵽˺׵ǰ˽ʮ֮ңͣ
ӶȻˮˮһһĳǵ࣬ǧˮ۳һ޴ĺˮ磬˰
ʮʱȥҶǻָ˹۵һ̣̾ϲĴȥҶ磬ûˣ
ûˣҶЦŵ˵ͷ˷ԺˮıȻĻڤڣҵһȫ˵ĵط
Ҷ磬ˣ䳾֮սô£ôôǿôʳôŹֵ⣿Ҷ磬ңҲϲ䳾
ŷڰ⣬Ҷֻ΢΢һЦԼȴҲ˳˼С
˵ʵҶȻ֪ĴڣҲӷսигֵϣܹһΰ󣬵û뵽䳾Ȼ򣬶ңֻ˿ֲ
򣬿˵ǺʱշӵͬҪԣʵȴȫͬһַ֮ĳ̶ֳ˵һּΪΰ
Ϊܻ
ԴԭʼǸ޽⣬˷֮˽
𰸺ܼ򵥣һ
Ϊΰ󣬿ҶȴȫµʶһӵһУʯͷֲڵһУ
ʮǰ䳾ʩչҶţԼڽᵮһȫµ
ֻǣѪȵȡ


1880 ĵƤ
ҶȻһ£ղԼ뵽䳾ĻԼѾһ
˵Զһȫµ֮ҶͿԿ϶ʦŮ۵١
˵ԷΪƶɣֻң֮ǾɶĸԷγɡ
֮еһ
һް֮ˣĻһó̵Уڰ֮УΪΪ֣֮ܶŮ֮֮ȵȡ
еŮǶ˵Ĺذ԰ĿⱾһ
ģ޼ѰȴƫƫʵĴڣҲڵһ𣬱֮С
һ˭ܲٿ˵İھһ̶˶ԷҶҲǰסһ㣬ðճŮ̼֮䳾
䳾ĹŮ֮ϣôҶͽĴۣɹˡ
ֻǿϧʱΪˣȻĻǾǸɱ䳾ĺûᡣ
䳾ƿصʵֲ̫˵ʵҶĲϣٴμ档
ҶϸĽͣգ۾͸¶һ˿ɻް֮˵Ļʧȥã
ҶЦŵֻеһȻֻ֣֣ŭգʵȴǰżٻг׶ϾĴڣ
ֻôپܽеһ޷Ŵ󣬸꣬ƻģߣпֱӱԼɱ
ƶǶĵ˵ͷҶҲûٸϸĽͣΪЩԾȫģ򣬻ҪԼ
ˣҶ磬򵽵ǿŷϵʲô
ȻõϵѾһˣΪ˱ⱻ˷ֵĴڣҶʼûϸоŽͳϸĹۿ
ҶԼƷŵҩƷ׵Ļ϶ԥ˵Ƿϵ
Ϊҩʵû˿ر֮
Ƭ֮Ҷ˳濴ǿŷϵֺ֮ϾȻ¶˼Ϊ˷ܵɫֱһ¾ȥҩסͬʱҲѾſͣŵ̰ŵСĵĿ˵ҩǲƤ
ľٶҶжȻһƺʲôȴδץס
ܿ죬ҩǲƵĵƤѾеøɸɾʱ򣬵һϵľٶ
Ȼʧȥ˵ƤѾ¶ĿĵҩֱӵһԣȻ㼷ŪԼףҶֿı顣
Ҷ֪ҪչصʱҲ뵽ˣԭŵҩĲǵҩıǵҩǲ㵤Ƥ
ֻǵ޷˵ҶȻҲ֪ƤʲôȻܹöҩҲûжȤĵ˸Ȥȫȥ
ŹֵĶŵ濴˰죬ҶҲûʲô仯ֻʱҪ󣬽˻ȥ
ҲƤ֮󣬾ܿһˡ
Ҷ磬ǽʲô
ϵ˼άȻʮԾ޷Ūҩ֮󣬺ܿת˻⡣
ڣҪ취Ը䳾֮ȻǰĹ
ĹҶζҪȥģǴͽɵİΣۺʦħ֮Ĵս
ĹƱػٴ䳾Ҫ׼
Ҷҵ˷ҶȻѾ֪ѪڵĿģΪ˽Լǿ֮ռΪУڣѪǲԼģղŲŻᷢѡ
Ȼϳô϶֪Ըİ취
ԵģҪԿĳַҲЧİ취ƿԵķ֮
򣿡
ʱԿռ䣬Ժڰԣƣ
ҶûȥʸβΪǿҲ϶Ĵ𰸣ֻԼȥ
ûʱȥ򣬻ķ𣿡
֮ҲһЩã٣
֮󣬷ҶҲʧҶҲûм׷ʣǱ٣΢һ˫ּѾһѪ֮ƣȻ֮ȥ
зӡ˵ҪƽǼޱȣǶҶ˵ȴʮּ򵥣ֻҪѪһеѪ֮ƾ
ȻѪ֮Ƶ룬֮ϺȻһɼΪֲˣܷǧˮȻ˲ͱƮɢ˿С
ţһֻƴСĻȻ֮г


1881 ɱץ
֮һȦ֮϶ʱðܵ棬Ȼ󣬻ҶͬΧ˼Ȧ֮󣬶Ȼһ߿ķͶĻ֮С
ڻ֮£Ҷƿأ˿Уɢĸ÷²ͣĵܺˮҲ޷ֹ˲Ϣ֮侹Ȼں֮ճһȫյݲðκˮ
˿ܹվڸ߿չۿͻᷢƬѾ׵ķ֮ǲ⣬Ȼ׵ľ룬ʡ
Ҷͷϵע֮£Ż֮ٴηһķҲ˲θߣ۳һȻڿжȻըǣͬһ㣬£ȫ֮С
˿̣ٲԭͬսĺ̿ģɢһȶĿѪɫâһֻչ߷ɵĻҾڻı֮ϣǲ˸ָĵƣʹٳֳӴ֮С
ȻӣֻȱҶѣ
ҶӿһѪ֮ƣȻĴϣʱһӻſ֮гֱûҶüġ
һ̣ٵһҶѾָơ
ԭˣҶȻһͷֻϧвûйʦϢ
Ҷ磬ôʵ
ܹԭڵʵôѹס䳾ֻֻ֮һң䳾ҲѾ֪ٵĴڣٶȻеѡ
Ƭ֮Ҷͷ֮ϺȻֳһѪϡɼѪ֮оȻһõӰ
ӹ⣡
ǩѪֻҪ˫λò̫Զô˫ͿѪ֮йͨ
ʱ֮ӹӰųҶǰɫĿҶʱң֪Ҫ϶Ĵ۲ǰ
ӹȻûи䳾ߣҲûгϣǸߣĹҶٻҪ뿪öԷģȷǼ¡
Ҷֱ˵ĵһ㵱ڻ֮ʩչ͵컻֮
ӹɫøѿĹ˸Լɿռ䷨֮һȻ֪Ҷеʲô˼Ѫ㲻ҲС
գӹεͳһö򣬱ĿƬ̺ԸӸҶûʲôµĻˡ
ҶӹһɨĹʲôۺ˵Ϣ𣿡
ûУԻڵȣ
ҶԷۺ˵Ϣ֪ͨң⣬лĻҡչˡ䳾
ӹûлشת뿪
ֱӹ뿪֮󣬷ϲŲʵҶ磬ӹ°ܽΪʲôҪѧս
ӹȻʵңڶԿռ䷨֮ϵգȴԶǿң͵컻յҲڶԸ䳾ʱó
˵֮Ҷվϣ鷳һҪչؼգ͵컻֮ҳ֮ǰĹ
ã

ڤֻ֮ңĵطһò㣬Į֮ɫһƬѪ֮УǰվӰÿһѪȣ۷徳ĸ֡
˾Ӹ£ĿгмעΪ۵ĺжôԭˣ
ȻҶĴͽܣҲ֮ɣʱ䣬Ѿɹ죬ͬʱҲʿĿ֪ԼѾΪѰҵĶĿľҪԼĹ
ȻҲ֪λΪ֮ӵԼʦ֮ĶԹԹ
Ȼη壬Ҳ֪ĿǰʵԶԶĶ֣һֱھܵԼݺϢû뵽ˣȻڴŰ֮ǰϳӶʼѵ
ʱ䣬Ѿɱϰǰ׽ʿսҲõȲǽ죬λ۷徳ֵĳ֣ȴ˿ͷ
ڶԷеĳȴȫûзϣΪţֻҪʱ䣬ʮ꣬Ϳ϶ܹЩ˸ԶĲڽ¡
ĮֵоȻͬʱе΢΢һǰ˵̲֮סֺ̧ݺݵĸһƵģҪ˵Ҫץģھɱ㡣
ۣ
ӿ³һŴѪĭɵûκεı飬ֻ֮УȴǶһŨŨɱ⡣
ˣϻˣ϶ȼˣϽȥȡ͡
һУͽɵ𣬻âڤķȥ


1882 һ
ڤĺ֮УһСԲңľʯЩ޾סϣû˿֮
ǣÿ֮ãϾͻһ㵭ɫ̣ͬĺһ㣬ƻãϵһУ򶼻ᱻɫƣӶɫȫһɫĵ죬֮⣬ɫ
Ĺ
պͺ֮УľۼǧʿЩȻĴǣеǳȺеĵһ˶ȻλǱ˴֮Ҳμ
ʱ˿̣ǧʿĿȫۼ˵ϵһ۵ɫСɽ֮ϣٸӰУΪҫۡ
мλڷˣǹߵλĹˣǳǿߣֻһ֮ң
֮⣬ΧʮҲȫڹĸ֣кպľû뵽쾹Ȼȫ֡
ֻ֪иӹĹ˭
˹ӹѡ
ȻĸּѾˣǽӦþҪĹ˰ɣ
˵ץס֮󣬽͵ڹ׼ˡ
ϧ֮죬һ̫ƽʢ֪ټɶ۶Ǹж£û뵽ʮ֮ĺ˾Ȼˣڱ˵Կף½֮ˡ
꣬С㲻Ҫ˰ҪǱҲûˣ
ڻ۾ԾľӰȻֻƽƽһվɢѹȴ޷ң⻹ǶԷѾȻĻ¹ЩѹܽԼء
֮УĿģվмǸڷ磬˫Ŀͬһ㣬ʱˡ
һǸ˵Ϊ֮ӵĹˣȻδԷȴ˲³˶Էݡ
ʱɵͻȻһȻףԼߴСɽ
Լ֮УܹоСɽ֮УһϤԼѪٻ֮
ĹѵܼۣľСɽ֮У
ͬغģһһ˿Ϳɬ
Ȼ֪ԼΪ֮󣬲ûΪݶе˿԰ԴڹѪ֮ͨУȴĹʱΪһǵ³е
ĿʼεĶɵϣȻһзӦ۵ףʱ΢΢һЦɣҵܾˣ
ƽĮջԼĿ⣬ٴο˫գһԲ
գҪ֮Ѫ֮ĹҪԹңҪԹԹ֮Ҷ֮ͽ
Ȼʦ֣ɵһ⣬ת˲ţɱųĬ
ɵķӦҫ羹ȻγһƬ纣ɣΪ۵ĺˣѵͲ֪й۵һУ֪֮⣬Ƿ𣿡
ҿԸ㣬֮ԭȲֻһˣǣǶˣҹɱˣԭ򣬺ܼ򵥣ۣڣҲϹ壡
һ壬ȻϹ壡
ϢҲ޷ĵƽ¶ŭ֮ɫм֣Ϊʲô
Ϊ֮飡֮ǿ󣬲ʲô֮Ļĳصǳ֮Ϊ֮飬ֻҪܹȡΪУôǹ彫Ϊµһ壬ǹһ壡
ֻϧǷѾ˼֮󣬾Ȼջ񣬾ʱ򣬶֪۾ȻԼ˷սУȻ֮϶ĹУˣ㣬ΨһĺˣΪĹɾҹҵĹؼԿף
˵¶Ȼ֮ɫӦøеˣΪ˵Ҫмֵˣ
ɵ˫ۼҪ޲̳ǰȥƴȻʱ˿̣ΪѾȫӡҲЩ˵Ķ֡
ģڻһۿλ֮ģˣ̣
һȣ˳˹˵˫־ʮһ㣬֮ɵ֮Ͼͻһ˿ڣѪ˿֮
Ƭ̹ɵѾٵ˿ڣȥѪȻڵϻ۳һŹֵķţȻ˷ʶȥֱΪһɢɭɭѪͼ
˸ˣʵֻҪѪĹͿĨܴĹǣҾַ̫û⣬ҾѪķʽ۾Բ뵽ĹȻһ˵ΪƷ


1883 ͵컻
Ѿоʹˣ˫ֱֱĵǰҪòӡԼԺ֮У֮У±ӵĻԼһҪɱ
ϴŲпЦݣעɣ˿û¶ַŭͳޣһ֮ˣʲôüƽϵأ
׼ãĹϾҪ˽룬סܣҪκ˽ӽ죡иôߣɱ⣡

Ĺʮ֮ңһҶ˫ۣʼػߵķ϶ʱվҶ磬ɹ𣿡
Ҷûлش𣬶վƬ֮ǰһ̤
ʱͬˮһͬʱҶ˫֮ǹ⣬ڿ۳̫ͼ֮£һһâͼг˲佫ͷͳͳγһȦ
һ̣Ҷ̾Χˮ֮֮ѾȻһգޱ޼ʵĺˮӿ˹޴ˮѹļѹŹȦ
Ҷϸָоǹ貣ٴ̧ţһ
һںȦȻ䷢ҵ𵴣ȫʧͬʱڹȦ֮еҶͷϣԵĸо˷һǿ˺֮ĳ˹
ϣҪֿ
ã
˶ԻУ˴˶Էͬһ̼ɢ

ɵ˫Ѿʼģǰһжͬһ֪Լˡ
ȻʱȻһĳХԶԶƺʦҶ
ĿˣȻֻþˣ
ʿ˿ȫ𾪵Ŀ֮ͻȻֵǸ޴ĺںâĹȦܵĿռڹâӳ֮¶ŤˮĻһ֮С
ţȦɢ¶ӰһһѪɫһɨ·֮󣬶ȻڷһХͬһ㣬쳹ڤ֮ڣ壬Ҽǵ˵ǵ˺֮һǹȫ壬죬ʹǿʼ
Ҳ֪ԼȻ̧ͷģ˫ҲٴαʵǸֵӰԼʦҶ
ʦɿૣһ̣ƺֻصʮǰһ죬ǸʱԼļ˱ɱԼҲⲻҵʱǰʦţʦҶ֡
ˣıԼ뱲ӵˣ
񣬾ܰʦûг֣ʦȴˣ
Ҷڸ͵컻֮֮һʩչʹŷ˲䴩Խʮľ룬Ĺڣ֮ˣҲΪյӹѪ֮ݹϢ
ʲôˣ
һĹ˶Ȼ˿еҶ
Ҷ˫ۺɷڿѾͬѪһʱеŭȼɣʼһΣΪԼûʦΣڣԼͽܣȻ˶ԴһϢҲ޷͡
ų嵽ԼǰˣҶһţѾӭȥȫޱȭͷ֮ϡ
䣡
һȭȥˣͬڣʱһ⽴
һĻڳ˶̲ס˿ǿһ۷徳ĹˣȻһȭҳ⽴ʵֲ̫ˡ
Ȼüͷǹ崫ͨϵǸ˰
Ǹ֣
ȻƺΪۺ˶Īǣ֮仹ʲôϵɣ
ôˣǻǸϽ뿪ȻĻСһᱻܵ죬֮䣬ضһս
˵ĿҲȫҶ¶һ˿䡣
̳֣סۣ
ȻԳ֣ҶҲ֪ѪĹܿҪĹҶһֻҵ϶ѣֵһᡣ
һ£ĹܵٸӰ̳Ҷ˹ȥ
ҶվڿУѪ죬˫Ŀ֮ǹҫۣԳˣ㣬һ̫ͼ˫֮зɳ缴ǣ̼þ޴ޱȣͬһ㣬ֱѹȥԼһӰȻ˲ʧٳʱȻѾɵߡ
һ㣬һɫȫԲɣʦˣ
䣡
䣡
켸ͬʱһڿյ̫ͼһһâͬһ㣬̫Ĺ켣ѲֱһԲ֮󣬹˵徹Ȼȫը˿
һ죬ĹСɽѾΪУһɴŰƵӵ³


1884 첻
ԭͻȻߵҶʱеһѾ׼֣ͻȻըСɽԼǳɫ壬ȴעΪܾ֮ܿ飡
ֻҪܹ֣ôһ鶼ʱܣ
ɱǣϣ鷳һҪȡ֮飡
һ£ѾղŲûڶ˳ȥӰҲҶ
ĸ֣ɨһҶ䣬Ѿĸλ֮ϣֹκ˴ŵ
Ҷһ˦ҪɵȻʱȴǼѵĿڵʦãҲҪȡ֮飡
ɵĻҶ΢΢һһɨһͷãʦ㣡
ߣԼͷ֪Բѣ
֮Σһϴһ̵Ĵ󺺶ҶЦͬʱ˫ѾƳһĹӰֳֶһ˸źɫĹͷ󵶣Ҷһ¡
Ҷɢһɱ֮һ̣Լѹ˺ܾõľ磬Ӷ٣˳ٵζȴһ㵣ģǾֱڣҲûз䳾ټ
һҧʮ¾
ȻҶѾ˿ԵֿķǱϾֻԼƲ⣬ȵ£䳾ȴֵĻ⽫ļƻ
䣡
һȭ֮ӰȭͷͬΣǿ񱩵׵ı㽫ڤĿռ˺ķ顣
ʱҶѾޱıԼȫҪսپȽȻ취Ըϡ
ͬʱҶҲѯӹ䳾أ
ûҲӹ͸һ˿Թޡ
һһὫˣʧȥս֮һ
ԥһ£ӹСʵղ˵塭
ıˣ
ӹ˿֮ɫȴȫΪΣȻѾҶǩѪôͲԼٿء
úã
δһ˷һɫڳ۳һźɫңһ֧ɫʸ
Ҷһ˿ȭͷգһǰ֮ƣȻֱײ˼ʸ֮ϣ׵Ľʸ顣
Ӳˣ
ٴһֱߣһɫٴκҶȭͷײһ
ɢҶȭͷҲεǰû˿ĺݺϡ
εԴûбҶһȭҳ⽴ȴҲǲܿƵź󷽷ȥʱҶоȻҲһѪɫ󹭣Źһ
飡
Ѿɵǧ׿ε壬Ȼһ֧Ѫᴩű̻ͬը˿
֮ס
һϣ
εĴ̼ʣµĹһȣĸӰͬʱҶ
һ޴ĺɫͷųɫ籩Ҷȫ֣һŷ֮ƣһɺڽȻʧһֳҶ֮أĽڿ˺ѳһɫĴִѷ졣
ӹĿܣй֮ҲҶ
Ҷɱ䣬ɽѾУһֱָ񷣬һɺƵ纣ӴϢֱײɫ֮ϣšǡһ죬֮϶ʱһᴩͷβѷ졣
⣡
ͬó¶֮ɫܿȴҡҡͷǽ⣬ɱɱã˶ԽȻҲ򵥣
첻ڣ
ɽ˺Ѿ֮һݷ𶴴Ľ֮ҶĴȻ
ʱڤ˷ɫȻ޾Զǰ̵ĳ˺ɽЩڳĹ̵βγ˰ǧĽɫ
֮һȫΪޣ֮䣬ݷֻʣޱ޼ʵĽɫ
һ̣˶ס˺ȫעǰһĻѾ嵽ɫԱߵҲʱΣдŸӵɫǻ۶Ľɫ
һʽУȻܹڤڵ֮ʵ̫˼
䣡
ը֮ͬʱ𣬾棬ͬӹڣȫڽɫĳ֮£ΪС
ţĹҲȫɫݺײУԶȥ촫ӹ֮Ҳεĺ󳾣Ѫ⣬
ӹֱӱײ˺УƬ֮ͬһըˮ´֮ƯһƬ죬ȾһƬ
˵ע֮£ȫ


1885 ȡʱ
ɱ
ڽע¼еҶϣתػԼϷ
϶һۣһΪҶ
Ȼ֮У˵ľ͵ģҲǴﵽ۷֮ÿһΪ֮𶯣·Ĵ󺣸ˣͷ˷ϯȥ
λʵԶԼĸ֣Ҷɫƽɵɣܷȡ
Ҷ֦֮£ɵѾָ˴룬ڵķӡҲҶ֮ȥ
΢һҧʦҲȡˣ߰ɣ
ʵҶѾоĳԼɱʱɾ͵͵ȡֻΪĴڣ̫ĿŵȻ֪Ҷ޷Կ֮һԾȡҶ԰Ȼ뿪
ɵ˼ùҶ΢΢һЦʦٰȡʱ䣬ץ
ã
صһͷ̱һʼר־ļȡĹδը֮ǰһԴѪϤ֮У֮ӿԿ϶ԼΪۺˣܹȡֻҪʱ䣡
ҶɽӵͷϷºԪԼͬʱü֮˸Ѿü֮ʱԳ֡
Щԭ׼Ը䳾ģ˿λʵԼһ󾳽ĸ֣òʩչ˳
ĸ֣ʵҶҲûһս֮Ѫܹ֮սڶʱʮǿҲֶ֮һټ͵컻ա֮٣ȻܻܶԷٿӵʱ䡣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾߵҶǰϴԵĲм֮ɫʳָҶһ㡣
Ҷʱ͸оԼΧĿռһƺȫ˶Էʳָָһ֮ϡ
ֲѹ˲俪ʼ飬һεѪ棬óַ֮޷ʩչ
ˣ
ɽȫ𵴣һԪķӣƾصӲĽһŴһȦҶ˴Ļᡣ
ȥ
Ҷ˫ۿ֮䣬̫ͼȻܵĿռٴγŴѶλˡ
ƣ
˸ſͣ³һֱĺɫͬʸһ㣬ֱӹᴩ̫ͼȻը
һʮᣡ
ڴ޴ʵ֮ǰո˲ɱٹ˵̫ͼסԷĹ

ҶѪҺڣȼܻ棬ս˲ʮﵽ֮ǿ֮д˳һָ˵֮ͥ⣡
磬Ѩλ֮ķãĻĸС磬ٿẳԷѨλ
Ȼ˵ͥѨһ˿ƶСĹâ֮гһ˿ã֮ɫ
ҶҪľᣬһһѪһ⣬üȺѪ٣ΨһһұҶȫ֮۳һġ֣ˡ
Լһ˿Ѫһ֮ȥ
ֺͽͬʱӡ˵ü֮ϣȻһζĿѪ⣬˵ü֮УȻһ˺ۣ
䣡
֮󣬰ֺͽͬʱըһ˿ѪҲ·ɻصҶüģƵǱεѪ
⼸ҶȫһȻȷ˵ˣ΢СƣȫԺԲƣã֮оѹжʱ¶֮ɫ
ң
һΣû˿ԥһȭܿռ俪ʼƬѣ¶˺ڰգ
գҶжȻһ⣬ȫԳû֮УҲܹսս֮С
ͷոճ־ͱԺΪˣɺͷϾǱɣ֮£ֻؽҧӿ鲼֮ϣԪҲǾҲʵʵ
䣡
һȭУǺɽһ⣬˳ȥţҶ
һһͬеҶһ㣬ɳȥ׿⣬ȻȴһȻֱӳڵɵҶߣϴɭ֮ϷҪ
һУҶüĶȻѿۿžҪ˳ȻʱһϵͻȻ𣺡֮ۺˣ
һɺƴݷ汼ѹʱڤ綼ȫ
ͨһڶҶֵˣûκ׵ģֱӹ˿У


1886 ʥ
СϿգȻһǧɵɫֱ֮䣬׸߰һ˫޴Ŀ˿ɫʣ¡ǧʿ
һɺ嫵ѹӴ֮ͷŶƵʿòĿ⣬Ҷֱӡ
ȻղŵǸǴĿз
ʥ֮
ȻⲢ֮꣡
Ȼһۣ̾вʿϳʥϣ޿ɵֿѹֻʥͷŶ
Ǿ޴β֮£ǸΪСӰʱ˿̣ȴûٸСӣΪΪһˣѾܵıӻ¾ҲһҶ
ԭ֮飬£ֵҲΪʥĴڣ
Ȼͨһ֮һʿĶȥһĻеʿǰڤеģȫɼ̹£ΪǸ޷Լ壬Դֶ֮ǿߵıܵĤݣ
ɲ֮䣬ʿΨһվŵֻҶɣԼϡ
ҶǸо˿ѹΪȻѾȡȻܻԼʦʩչѹȴĵֿ
˵Ѿ¶֮ɫû뵽֮龹ȻʥңȻѡɣ
֪˵ĻǾԲĹʥԶڴˡ
Ŀϵϣ֮䣬ͬը죺ȹˣ֮ʱһ棬û뵽ǲ֪ڸģ䱾ȻҶۺ˳֣޿ˡ
£˫Ŀ֮жȻâϣֳһâֵ˵ϣ䡱촫Ѿﵽ۷֮ϣȻû˿ֿ֮Ѿը˿
ü֮ͻȻһһа߲ƵĹӺŽǳ˳
أ
Žд죬ĹâӺŽǵļӲâ֮ϣ˺ѳһ϶ţһɺ֮Ȼӿ֣ȫһ֮⣬Ȼʡ
ǣ
гһ˿ȣһߣ٣Ҳ壬οգ
ſͣ׼³һɫŵʱͻȻȻڵߣ
֮¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫɽŵҵģҪȡ
ã־ȻΪ֮󣬼Ȼд˵ģᵱһ֮ӽտʼᣬػһ壬֮
ⷬɵ¶˼֮ɫֵܷȾҵʦ
Ŀ⿴ԶѾͣΣɫ԰ףǹѪҶҡҡͷҪĤ֮ϢȫҪʩȣǵȷʸ֮ʦ
֮ǳǧɵȻɫ۳һֱߣȻüģת֮䣬Ѿʧ١
ӰʧڤϿյѹʱȻ޴棬ʿҲһᣬ׷״ӵվ
ȴûһ˿뿪ǵĿҶɵش¶֮ɫ
Ŀʥĳ֣˹ȫ³ʥĳǿ󣬶ɵڣɴӴ֮֮·һ˳
Ȼ𾪣еֵ̿ǣʧ֮ǰ˵µǾ仰ҶϣȻʥҪĤݵϢǵʲôϢ
仰˵ҶԱҪǿĶ࣡
֮ҶɣԽ֮ʦͽ˵Ĵܿ촫սǧս
ҶĬҲ˼һ仰ϢȻӦָ֮ʥ֮ΪǿĴڣʥޱҲѷһֻǣȻ֮ôǿΪʲôԼȴ޷ӳȫ
Ҷ۾뵽Ĺ֮м˫˶۾ʹеǷ
ԵİɣûãȻѾġպϰɡ
Ҳ˵ԼõĲȫ֮ǿԿ϶ȻйأȻĻʥô˵ֻǣβܽתΪ֮أ
ʦɵҶѹѾҶߣĿ¶֮ɫѯʵû°ɣ
Ҷһ¶οЦݣɵļû£ɣϲˣ
е㲻˼ĵʦʵܵĻ뽫͸
͸ңҶһ֮󣬹ЦʦˣʦҪҲҪסȻǿ󣬵ǲԼԣԺ֮·Ҳ򲻿и
ף


1887 ٴι
ʿ뿪ܵĽʿĿĹڻĻת֮䣬ʣҶʦͽͷˣҶҲ˵Ļ֮£ʼˡ
Ȼأ֦ĴڣҲûѶȣҶһˣһ˳˼
ʥĳ֣ʥĿǰѾȸڣԼϵĹ䶦У֮壬ھͲ׻δ֣
ˣ̰ǣӣĴʥޣЩֻǴڴ˵֮еǿڣȻ̳ǲԤʾŻʲô鼴˵Ϊ·Ŀ
ңʥ֮꾹ȻȫԼߣ⵽ֻǵɺϣڤڤ֮еİţ
ˣԪˣֻߣȴʼûм䳾Ӱӣѵ˵ڤУ
Ҷ¶ɻ֮ɫ
ɫɶҶʦͽһֱҪڵüȴһ׮Ը˵ͽӦóʦ̣ͽ֪ΪǳҪһʦ׼
ҶЦͷд뷨ʮοɣƾԾȥɣԼСģΪʦźټ֮գ
ʦ
˺ҶڵأĿͷվʦأ
ҶĿɵӰԶȥԺ֮ɫȻɵľ绹ֻ۷壬Ϊӻ֮󣬽Կȥã
ֱɳʧ֮ʼվԵķ¶ԥ֮ɫҶе㲻ջԼĿ⣬˷ϵֵܣʲô𣿡
ʵԥԼҪҶߣͬһƾԼڷսĥԼ
ҶߣҪñӻΪҶ˴磬ڴС¿һ˵˵ʵʮֵ֮飬᲻뿪Ǽʶǿߵķ֮ҪǿҲӵС
޷ȡᡣ
û˵Ҷȴ΢΢һЦֵܣ㿴ңҵɴ磬ô͸һŵҵֵ֮飬һӵģгһգҷֱսɳˣֵܣ
ϵ¶һ˿֮ɫƬ̺󣬶ҶΪҶ磬֪ˣҲˣţҲսɳǾԻڷټģ
ãڣ
ڣ磬أ
ȵϵҲʧ֮Ҷĵʣһˣ緽˵еˣԶڷҲ޷ֹǣڣҪһ˵ĵطɽ٣Ȼ󣬼ҵķս֮·ҪҪ
ԴӶ֮Ҷľٴ޷ټѹƾ磬Ĺ֮ʱԸˣû뵽ʥ֣׾ٵľͻΣû١
ڣѾҪ޷ѹƾ磬Ҳ֪ԼĿֲΪ˱ⲨˣԱҪҸ֮ء
ӹ
ҶеѪ֮ɢƬ֮·֮оȻӹӰѾǾڵĹײģɫ԰ס
Ҷ첻ڣһٻɱʱ򣬶ӹȴһ˿ûнɱӹҲǴ뺣е˲䣬ͼΪɴĽԼʣµľ߿ȫӳȻըѾļ
ˣҲ˲ˣһһҹʱ䣬ʼնںˣҶٻŲò֡
ӹҶҪսĵͼ
ӹ˵ӳһֻʮ֮һĵͼ
ûҶ֪ԼϻеͼģΪڶҶѾĺˡ
ã˺֮󣬾뿪ڤ磬ҵˣмǵĶͬʱѰ䳾䡣

Ҷת뿪
еͼİҶܿҵһϺ磬ȫɱ֮£ʱϵ
֮УһƬﵽﳣ걻ѩǣ¶ȵ͵£ϡ٣Գһ֪˶ɽ֮⣬ûκĴڡ
ʱ˿̣Ҷվߵһɽ֮ϣֳܸ˵ɫƣͷϷһƬɽĺɫƲʣѹܵıɽڡǡ죬Ʋ֮Уʱһ貵ĵ
Ҷ٣
˿ҶͷſԼѹѾõľ磬һ̣˵Ϣֱ˲ﵽ壬µɽ֮ϣǲĴ죬һѷ֣ԼٶɽӶȥ
¡
һըը죬һƬ̺磬Ǻɫ֮УȻ¡
Ҷ٣ڿʼˣ


1888 ֮
ȻǾ٣һʼ纣ɴ˿ɼٵ˾޴
¡¡
֮䣬Ҷͱ纣ɣһݺݵĻϣ嶼͸ɢ⡣
ȻޱȣǶѾȫˡѪսҶ˵ȴ첻κε˺
֪֮УѾ˿Уüģ޾ԼϣȻ˿ӷ
ɽȹ䶦֦ԼոյõٶѾҶ˳Ưܣһ𣬹ͬٵϴ
ɽ䶦֦٣֮УͬҶһ˿壬ȹȻҪһˡ
һ£ʱһ޴˺ۣҶһָ֦һ̹⣬ס˺۱ۿɼٶѸϡ
Сֱ࣬Ӳ磬ڵ纣ıԵ˿˿磬Լ塣
Ҷһᣬȷ֮ŽĿͶ˺ɽʥԸӿغɽϾԼѾԼΪһ壬ֻҪԼ겻𣬺ɽҲͬʧ
һ£ںɽһĺۼ۳һ·
ԥһ£ҶͻȻſͣ³һŹֵķţĹ֮УƣҶôʱ䣬ջ񣬲Ҿ֮Կںɽ֮ϡ
Կ̵ٶȼҪסƲУͬʱҪ֮ӡںɽ֮ϡ
ٽ֮ҶԿһƣٶȼֱ˼£żΪƳεɲǣܹоɽ֮ɢһɸǿ
٣ʱҶҲòȫӦ١
֮٣ľ֮٣֮٣ˮ֮ٺĻ֮٣
磬γܻ𺣣ҶȫɵʱҶͻȻƬ֮УԼһ˿ɫâֻǻ֮ľֻû뵽֮оȻ˷֮һ˫һ֣ˮ֮֮ʼӿ֡
֮жʱ˺ѿһ޴ȱڣ¶˰ŵҶһŴ콫˳һ
Ҷ˫۶ȻĿ⾹Ȼʮ׿⣬ͬһ㣬ǰһɫâʼڿи֣ͬҲ֮йȻźɫâ
ɢ
ҶһЩһɶֳɫâʱɢ˿һˮ֮ĴȻΧγɵĻ𺣸
ϣ
һȣɫâʼѹһ̣ݷе㣬Ȼȴ֮£òʼС
һĻҪǱ˿Իһڶɽ֮ʱȻԼǿ
ȻڵҶҲܣѪҺڣȼգɽҲԶ˹ԺԪסⲿ٣֮ƴѹ١
𺣱ѹһ̶֮ǰҶſͣ³ʮƣӿ֮УٴֱԴС塣
ͻȻҶſͣһȻ˿У
֮ѹ֮γɵģ̺ŵ֮ǿѾڽҶڵ˲䣬Ȼըˮ֮ԾҶڵһжʱȼûɻҽ
ⳡȼ֮УҶҲֳںɫâĿеĻ֮
ҶĿģɰ֮Ļ֮٣Ӷﵽջ֮Ŀģ
ںʦִʥʱģҲ򵥣ͬҲΣյƿһַ֮ķ
ַ򣬾Ǵľ֣˶ҪҶ˵Խķ֮ôܸ˽еĴ
ˮ˻𣬻˽´٣Ҳܳսֱ֮ȫз򣬲ٻҪ٣
ͬرһ㣬ֲ֮ҶȴݷȻ֮⣬ﾲŻ֮
ģʧҶͬɱ۶һ㣬Ө͸ɢ˿˿ͷϿգȴһˮһ棬壬Ưһ㣬ʱʱ
ʹҶѾյַ֮
ͬʱ֮кȻһˣһͷͬһͷע֮ңҶһĨɫȻƿַ֮ɳ֮Ȼˣλ֮ӵĳɳٶҲԽԽȤˣ
Ҳ̫ûᣡƬ֮˵¶һĨаЦԸһ·սĹˣ
˵֮˺Ȼ˸ָžһʱսǧͬĭһ֮ϣȻȫһ˿ǿͬʱһϵҲ磡
սһؿѿڿʼʿһ֮ڵִһؿʱ䵽δִ֮ˣᱻֱĨɱ


1889 ʹߴ
ҶȻҲϵȻ˫ۣͷϵˮ棬ܵĺɽȫڡ
˵֮˭ѵ𣿵һؿô£
һ̴ҶԺ֮ð
ôǣӱҪһ֮ڵһؿͼ֮Ƿмһؿ
Ҷ׼óӹĻʮ֮һսͼ֮ʱͻȻתͷԶھ֮ԶȻվһˣ֮ɫͷͬһĶͷϡ
ע⵽ҶĿ⣬ʺ۾΢ЦĶҶ֣
ȻԷΪƣҶȴǳ𾪺;裬Լ֮ǿ󣬾ȻڶԷԼ֮ڶû˿Ĳ˵ʵǿ˺ֵز
¶ֱɱԼ˰ɣ
ҶվҲһҡε˹ǼƣһƦå
ˣҽһ£ҽ飬Ͳ˵ˣģҶûе⡣һ˵һԼĶ䡣
ĶȴҶܳһתͣͬٲһϣƺǺȫ
Ҷϣɫʵʲô𣿡
ûʲô£ǰյ˷һɵˣɱħ˰ɣ
ɷ
Ҳ֪ʲôҲùܣ֮ɱǵħ񲻸ˣأħ׼Ҫɱˣ˵ǻҪɱ죬ҶĺˣӦþҪ츶жˡ
ʲô
Ҷ˫֮лȻ¶һžâĶǰ顣
ôңҿǺ֪ͨģ
㵽˭
˭ˣȿһԼɣĻڿ϶Ҫ취Ͻ뿪յķսصʵ磡
ҶȻע⵽˵սʱһĨŨŨĺ⡣
β뿪ս
˵Ҳֻ˵ڷսеĵһؿ֮ڣһطܹ뿪սʱҿҿɲ֤Ϣʵԡ
һؿʲô˼
һؿʵһ̭ؿݽսиʿľ粻ͬͬ˷䵽һ磬ǻɱܹʤģʸμӷս
һؿж˻ʤ
ҡͷԵĵͲһˣеĻһеҲʮҲпһ޷ϴεķսһؿ֮ʿﵽʮˣֻвͨ˵һؿǵִյķǰĹؿܹ
ϴηսյĹмˣмĳ񣬼뿪ˣ
ҶȻ֪ȴĲڷսһжָƣԲʳ⼸ؼ⡣
鵹Ҳʹ죺յģʮˣһûУ뿪ģʮɣ
˵仰ʱһ˿Ц⣬ƺл⡣
뿪֮пħ죿
ԣӡֻˣֱ֮׺ˣʧˣˣ֪ҶˣҪôͿԼˣǣ
˵֮ͶҶ֣һ紵ξȻͬһֱӱɢֱʧ١
ʧҶܵͬٲҲ֮ʧ
Ҷһ˹վ֮䣬üͷĪ飬Լ˵һϢ˳˼֮С
ͬʱڷս֮⣬Ҳͬˮһ֮⣬һɫӰͻȻ֣˫֮һССĽɫᣬɢҫ۵Ľ⣬̯
ڣ
ˣ
һںӰǰҶǸ顣
Ӱ˫棬֮ղΪִӷʧƬʱ䣬ȥ˺δ
ʧ۾һɵôܰʹߴˣֲǲ֪ҵݣ΢ĩУôԼִӷʧأǲ㿴ˣҸղȥһؿ˰
ʹߴֶ鿴Ƭ̺ŵΪοؿѵ³֮ˣ
ˣҾǸҶҹ۲죬Ѿ˿ռˮַ֮Ըݹ涨ұҪһؿ
һĬ֮ʹߴ˵ͷðɣξˣԺҪٳͬҵʱ򲻿ˣȻѾλҲӦ֪Լݣд˰֣ʰֱ練ƣ
ģʹߴˣнգǳɼλ˵ĹգɵҲԼСЦ
ƤЦǵʹߴŵķʱ۵׵ǻһ˿ŨŨĺ⣡


1890 һʱ
ѾʥڤУڹУ˭ǰû˵ҼǵѪһУиˣóö˵ƣҲΪĪ֮仹ʲôϵɣ
Ҷ˼֮ĵ
ֻϧǰˣȫ˻죬ȻĻǿʡˣȲЩˣǸϽǰһؿһ겻ȫĨɱؿ֮Ҫɱϴηսμ֮ʿԲ٣뿪ľȻʮˣս淨ʵ̫пˣ
⣬Щ񿪱ٳսΪʲôأУһҪ뿪սǸħҪǸҶҼˣҲҪɱ㣡
Ҷ¶âٶ룬ȡ˵ͼ򣬿ֵܷһؿλá
Ȼһɨ֮Ķʱ˰أ
ͼȻȫˣ
ԭֻʮ֮һĵͼҶԼҲ֤ȷֻսǧսʮ֮һĵͼڣȻȫˣ
ÿһսλöͼ֮ҵڴŵǰͼ֮ϣһС㣬ȻָĿǰҶ統С
ô£
ҶԴеΣǸƤЦ鲻Խĸ˳
²ûĻӦһоģ
ǣʼղԼĿռ䷨֮Уûó龿Լ޲£ݲȫĵͼȫأ
ܹģֻǸ߸ϵɣ
ѵ˵飬һλ
Ӧǣ޷ֱӸսģô˭
Ȼڲд𰸣ҶҲûмȥϸĿŵͼڵͼžŸڳһĺɫͼͼȻǹؿڡ
Ұճ֮İϷ˽磬Ÿ磬Ÿؿ
ֵļΪƽʵȴƽ˵ÿһľĸС֣˽ľ磬ӡ鳾˵ȵȸϸµĻ֡
ӡķ˺Ͱ˾ķ˷ͬһؿ֮ɱ˵
ѹϴηսһؿʮʿΪֻÿ󾳽۷弶Ĵڣܹӵͨؿʸʿ㼰ʱϵؿҲΪڻҶѡ
Ҷ򣬿ʼյͼʾһΪؽȥؽڵĴ󣬻Զжϳʿľ磬ȻӦĹؿ֮С
Ҷڵ磬ؽ磬м仹ٸ磬ˣһʱ䣬Ҷ˵̫ԣ㰴һٶ㣬Ҳֻǿ㹻еʱͨ
Ҷŵͼ£ʱ䶼˽ȣ˵ˣڷսڣһʢʿʱһУҲܱܣ߾ܵȫٸؽ硣
ȻҲһʿȻǱƵ̬ȣΪǸţڹ涨ʱڵͻᱻĨɱ
Ҷܱôģֻ֪ԼҪһ֮ڣ߾ܵǰϵؽ硣
ȫĸ·֮£ʮһµʱȥҶѾͨ˵ھʮŸ磬Щ統УҲʼڸ·սʶ˸ϡŹֵ硣
˵ûֻ࣬һΪ޵磬Щ޾˵һȫûʵ壬ֳ͸õ״̬޴ڣ޷ǵʳʿꡣ
һ̽ܣֻҪǸ֪̾ͻὫ£Ȼ׷ɱ㣬ֱꡣ
Ҷյ磬ͱһֻӴа޸ɵȹĴڣ롣
ٱ˵ȫǺ磬絹ûʲôֲޣһȺں׵ˣ࣬ޣֻΪںУֱ˫ȺϲΪβһ
Щ˵ϣҶѧ˲ٺˮ֮йصȻˮ֮Ŀʱλ˹ҶĻҶ»סЩʱ䡣
⣬Ȼ󲿷ֵʿǷ˴򶷣ȻΪٵʿȴǽ󷢺ƣͬһռݴ󣬻֮ǰɱ·֮ˡ
֮һ·Щ磬Ҷ۽磬ʵдʶﵽһȫµĸ߶ȣоռĿꡪѾԽԽ
Щô֮⣬ҶҲԽԽƿַ֮ϢʲôܣӶΪĵˡ
һУҶûзϣֻһǵؽ磬ҪˣܶԷ˭ԥĻɱ
񣬹ؽңңҶҲ


1891 
ؽ磬ֻеһؿ֮ʱŻ֣֮ȫڣκ綼ܳΪؽ硣
һΣҶִĹؽ磬һֻеȸ½ô磬ȻѾۼ˳ʮʿ˵ȥˡ
Ϊؽ൱תվһ磬ԻʿҲڰ˴Լ˽磡
ǷսĲпᣬôΣκ˵һʢᣬ뿴˺Ͱ˻һãеĸо
Ϊ˱нʿǽؽʿ̻һ֣֣κ˶޷ڻߴͻƣ
ڹ֮УκηͨʶԼҲܵƣ޷ʩչͽ̸
ˣǾ۷֣Ƿ˽ո۳ɳʿڹؽ磬ƽȵģ
ҶѾڹؽ֮УͬһȦܻվʿ̲סʦ
ʦһ׷һǾƽȣ
Ȼһõǲκ磬κεطܴȻû뵽ڹؽ֮ڣȻʵˣ
ôⶼһķ̣Ϊȱķ׷Ŀ꣬ȻΪпķսг֡
ÿ˶ڹֵı֮£޼ɵĴΧĸˣֻҪҵԼˣǳ֮һ𣬷Ļ൱ڴһҵõ
Ҷ֪֮ҲѰ˳ǵĴ㣬Ѱһ˵Ľ䣬£ȴһ޵յ
һµʱ֮Удʿ½˷ͬҲ˴ؽ֮š
ڣһʱ䵽ˣڹؽ֮еʿͬʱһϵʱѵδϵؽʿȫĨɱ
Ȼڹؽ֮ǲܸо緢飬Ϊкܶķ˵ҶѪܹǩԼ˫֮䣬ҲԻ֪Է籾ʯȵȡ
ˣոµʱҶͿԼϰʿɫ䣬ȻǶо˺Լ֮˵˲
ʵҲˣʱ˿̣ڷսеǧս֮ϣʿҽУը
ôģ
ֹҶʿж˼⣬Ҫܹͨ˲Ϣ֮䣬ɱڸͬʿ
ֻҶһ˿ȻΪˣǻԼ˵ʱ򣬽磬Ҳ͵Ļʱ򣬱ҪǩһԼԼ֮ǵ˺ĳ֣ЩȻܹٿ٣ΪʿԼ
Լ޷ֻܾҪɹ٣ԼͳӽֻҪҪʱǩԼ˵᲻֪
ڣҶԼڣ¶ѾǩԼ仰˵ʿǵʵȫƿЩУֻҪǶͷ׵ɱÿˣû⣡
ӦþΪʲôЩûиϵؽ֮еʿ˲䱻ɱԭˡ
ǷأȻҶ뵽⣺ûн磬ûжɽ٣ôͲᱻǩԼǾûмʱؽ磬ҲᱻĨɱˣУ϶㲻ϣԼ㲻Ҳϡ
֮Ҷ뵽㣬Ϊ֪ηսڷ˽ͬڣȻԼڷ˽еѵû˽սԼ֮ǾĳԼʮϤˣ
ҶĲ²ȫȷģнսеķˣûΪûܼʱϵؽĨɱ
ʱ˿̣һͼĵһ֮УһѪ߰ߣŮӣΪǷˣӹһ١
ֻϧ˿ǰһֻ޴ĽޣѾſѪڣ׼ҧ
ǰŮӵȴǴż֮ɫĿⶼǳ˲ĶǰĽޡ
𣡡
ȻһУſŮӾҧȥȻʱͻȻ顱һ죬޵ԴȻֱը˿ԽѪŮһһ
ŮȫûзӦô£ĿֻѾʧȥԴĽޣȻء
ڽ޵ĺ󷽣һòΪӢӣһӰ㷢ĺ½ϣճһģϴº͵΢Ц
û°ɣ
ǴдԵŮӻعæӵվŶԷһСŮл֮
ӺȻ۾һȻ
ӵĶ΢΢һ죬ͷδ̶մ
𣿡ӵ۾գüͷ΢΢ƺ˼Ƭ֮¶һ˿Ȼҽ飬飡


1892 
飡
ϸϸ߶һ֣һ˿ɻôо飬Լ֣˰
ǵģԼ֣ϾϴҶ˱Լ֣Ѿǰˣʱʵ̫Զ
ͻȻ𣬽һѿڶô֪ʲô
Ҳ֪˫һ̯Ӣ¶޹֮ɫֻڽ͸ղΪʲôһ˼ôõʱ䣬˵ֵԭ򡣡
ŶŶԲˡæǸϵıȴͻȻסˣղ˵ǰ
˵˰ɣº͵һЦ˵ˣ㲻úʲôĻˣҿĿǰֻ鳾֮ôҽ뵽սأѵ𣿡
ע˲ͱⷬתˣ¶һݵĿЦ£Ȼзǽ벻ɵɣ
Ŷʲôɣ˵𣿡¶˺֮ɫ
΢һԥҪһˡ
ˣһһ˰ɣ
Ȼдһ˿Цȴû˿ķУ˵ͷҶҵĺãѣ
Ҷ
һ⣬ֻͷԲûз֡
˵
ʲôȻ̧ͷ¶ϲ֮ɫս󣬾ڲϴϢǴû˵磬˵𣿡
Ǻǣż˵ڷսкܳܳ벻֪Ѱ鷢һĸп֮Ϊȼ̫Զ
磬ܸ˵˵й𣿡
Ȼȸ½ȺڵУʼսҶԼˣϧ仨⣬ˮ飬ʱ֮¼ҶʱҶȻѾȢޡ
ԣֻܽԼҶİڴȺڵЩľǵҶദһµʱ䣬ÿÿ֮ʱ϶۵Цݡ
ǸʱһΪªİ̺ۣǼҶҲû˿ΣյʱҪ
֪ԼУҶ֮⣬Ҳݲκһˣǣڷս֮Ȼ˽ֻΪܹٴμǸǣƵҶ
ԣڴ֮ǰκ˰ɣ
Цŵ˵ͷͬʱһָһ͵Ĺâϣڹâ֮У˲ȬǲѪ۵Ҳøɾ
𾪵ĿԼı仯Ͷ޷£ΪԼϵһУѾԶԶ
磬ǣʲô
һСϷѣˣҾ͸㽲֪Ҷ
ֱǰʼ渽Ҷ¼ģȻľҶÿ飬쿪ʼһֱǰַ֮
°ͣţϵıΪҶϵķ仯
䣬һȥ֮Ž˽йҶˣףôˣҶû°
ûʲôæֲϵᣬ͸һ˿įҶˣ
Ȼô˵ʵȴǸγϣΪףԼҶ֮Ĳ̫̫ˣҶϵ飬кܶͲ֪˼ʲô֮ʲôԪ
ô˵֪Ҷţһ÷ǳãǷˡ
һݵĳĬ֮Ȼվһ磬лˣԺлһᱨģڣȸˡ
һ˿ζҪȥģ
ؼңүүͶүүǿ϶ˣҪؼҡ
Ҷ𣿡
ˣ
ɬҡҡͷ˴Ĳ࣬ԼҵҶΣҶߣԼֻһ׸
ˣҺû˵ҺҶ֮Ĺϵɣ
΢΢һûУô磬Ҷ𣿡
ûмʦͬţϸҵʦܣʦ֣飡
ٴŴ޷£ôҲû뵽ºЦݣƢ飬ȻҶʦ֣
ףϲҶҲҵԸĻҲ԰ҵҶңҲں̵ܶʱΪҶһ̿»еССʹࡣ
Ը⣬Ը⣡ͷᷴһ
ãţ
һӣǰȻһȺĴţƿһƬ㽵û˿ԥһ˴֮С
΢΢һЦҲ˽ȥŹϣ˲䣬һ֮綸Ȼҵ
䣡
һ죬磬ͬеȫޣ


1893 ۹
һɫӰǸΪˣվǧĭ֮Уۿһĭըľͬһը˲ųޱȵĹâ˼¡
ΪĭıըΧĭҲܵӰ죬Щĭе˵൱ھһξ޴ĽѣɽХ裬ɥν֮С
ȻƵ̾˿˭һıʧΪһ˵һͷأ
ӰתͷĿһȻǱǰΥأҪϱˡ
ɴĹ˫ֵʹߴˡ
Ӱû˵˲ʧʱ飬ϵ֮ɫѾһɨգȡ֮Լһ˿۵׵ã
ҵ˭

ȻǺ嫵Ӱǳ֮ϵˣԷǰսһλķŮӡ
ɣ𣺡Ůӣ
ŮӺҶϵսҲֻΪѰҶΪʵ͸ΣÿΣչͷܻΪģӦǴ̤սʼ䱳
飡һƬž֮Ž𣺡֪ˣͲùˣȥɣ
ǣ¸ˣ
ȵӰ뿪֮󣬲ɣٴ𣺡Ѿˣڣֻ飬飬ĸλȻִ߷ŮӣȻҲΪҶֻ㵽׼ôأʱٽˣЩһסˣߣҵҪǶ׼ʲô

ؽ磬ÿ˵Ĺ֮϶һɼ֮ӿֳһܼƣȻֳܹ֮⣬ͬʱд֮á
Ҷ۾ջԼ˼ŹϸֵƣŹֵ𶯣˲Ϣ֮䣬ǰâʧʱѾһƬ۹֮ǰ
һƬ۹أߴɣӳȥһ۶ͷɳǽʯͷһаߣӦǸֽɽֱɷʯͷӶ۹ء
Ҷ֮⣬߻һӰÿ˶Ź̶ľ룬Ҷһɨв΢΢һȫ֮ˣ
ӣ׻δǹؽĴ󣡡
ʵһ·Ҷʵ;õ˷ٵһ֮ǰոն٣Ǿûκܹ뵽ڣҪˣ
һʱ䣬ҶڴͨѨλҲһﵽ˶һʮ˵ʸʮʮȴǿѹסˣΪ֪Ѫ֮Ҳ֪ԼÿһǺ£ǻ¡
Ҷţ㣬ԼȻ֮ô϶ᱻ͵ؿĻʵɻ֮ˣȻˡ
Ҳη壬ΪʵԼ
ΧɨһȦҶûٿʱ˿̣ÿ˵Ѿû˹ֵı˴˼Ի๥Ȼ֪ԷԼĵˣôû˻ǰɱˣ޼ɵĶӣҲΪִԴ
վ۹֮ǰҶܹĸо۹֮ϴǿԼڿ֮еĻѹ
Ȼ۹֮ϣżΪֲĽƣֹκ˶䷢
Ҷȴһۿھķ򣬴Ű֮ңһطһ޴ӡ
ȻӡĺۼѾǳǳˣֻҪϸȻܹ֡
ӡͬߴɣֱӸ۹صĸ߶ȣһصľˣһ
ܿ죬Ҳӡָ֮࣬Ҳʹ
ǺˣȻܹһӡ
Ҹղ΢̽һ£˵ӡˣȫȥ䣬һ˿ǽҶ䲻
˵ʵӦİɣ
ÿ
֮ʱȻһ𣬽һ쫷紫ʱʿͱ쫷ײˡ
쫷ͬײҶϣȴ̩ɽһ赭дһ㣬ͽ쫷绯֮С
ȺɢһɫĮ겻ɽѾ˹ĿҶͽĿջأǸӡ
Щ˵ʿ¶ޣǵǿʱϵĲ˲תΪη壬׷ٴκˣ˺ͶԷ֮ľ롣
壬֮ӣôֵһؿ֮У˵Ѿֻˣ
ֻ룬ھˣӦû죬Իᱻ
ҶĮ˲ûʲôøУΧʿ۳֣ȴһ
Լʦֽ飬˾Ȼ壬һ֮ʲô֮ӣ϶ʦûаϵ


1894 ʸս
Ҷ࿴ۺջĿ⣬Ȼʱȴһм֮
壬㲻иʲôģ
飡
˵֮ͬʱԸоµĴطһһߴӰ˵֮С
һ׳߾Գɣ㣬¶ʯļ⣬Χһ֪Ƥģվ
һɽ߲ʣһֻޣɢΣյϢ
׳ĳ֣ͬһ֮
ᣬȻҲһؿ֮У
Ϲйʮ壬Կǰ֮ڣᣬճʱ˺ѽڣ˵Ϊͬʱ֣ӣؿֻһ˴Ǿеһˡ
˭˵ģȻˣ룬һӦҲ˰ɣ
ѻ죬˵ˣˣ
Զһ˻һ£ȾƺʮֵͨǣͬҶڣȻ޷ľӰʵòÿͶעϵʱ򣬾ͻ֮С
֮򣡡
ҶܿͲ²λΪĵӣ϶ƿ˹֮򣬶Ҵﵽĳּµĳ̶ȣǼ£һԽ£·֮ϣӶŤת˵ߡ
˵Ľ̸֮УҶҲ֪ˣ˾Ϊǿǿߣںƽ֮γ֣ǰֻľ磬һЩǿߣǶǶ֡
˿̣վ۹֮ǰռһûκ˸ҿڣǳһ㣬һ䣬һ񱩣һ˴˶һۣܿԷеĲмͳ
ʿȻֹˣֻЩ˵ͱǴ̫࣬϶ּᣬһǸԱֵ͵Ĺעš
ȻĿɨҶĮĵղţûã
Ҷһô£ҪԼʿڤ˿
Ͼ֮ʱԼ֮⣬ʿõ˶ԼҲͬʿԼӹע
ȻڷսУҶ󣬵ǽ֮ͬ䣬Ҳǻʿ֮У˵Ҫٵö࣬Ҵ඼ֻ֪֣֪࣬۹֮Ҷۡ
ĹҲ磬Ҷ΢΢һЦһԲȻ˳ʮ׿⣬˺ͶԷ֮ľ롣
Ҷ˵ľٶȻԤϣҲ޴ʹ΢΢һһɫâһ
ʱǸϵͻȻ𣺡һؿʽڿʼʸսµʱ֮ڣԺְ취ֻҪܽ۹أ۹֮һ˿ۼɻôʸʱ޵ʱ߽δĨɱ
˵ɫʱ΢΢һ䣬ţ̾дʿĳ۹ء
ֻʿԾվԭδǶڴˣΪʸսȻܼ򵥣ǾȻµޣ˵ʸԲôûõģҪ˵жԴΪο
Ҷڵλãнʿ˿һ˶Ѿ۹ء
ٶ֮˲Ѿ嵽˾۹شʮԶĵطȻʱ䶸
һâͻȻ۹صĳǽ֮ɢâ֮Уɼӵ·ܶ˸ԣϱ仯
һ֮ˣƲסײ˺ڹ֮ϣȻâǣһ̣ӰȻŹâһͬʧ
仯˶סˣЩڷʿæɲסΣΪҵķӵǰʿȻԼͣˣȴʿײٴǰȥ
âٴαǣֻ˰ٱ
âʧֻ֮ʣʮʿԾվԭأʮҲʧ١
ô£
òѾʸ񣬽۹֮˰ɣ
ʮأôʸ񵽵ƾʲôжϵİ
֮׷Щ֮ˣԶΪϵ͵ʿΪЩʵϸߣҶˣںڹһɲȴǿ
Щڹʿȫڹе·˲ȻԼٶȾȻֽ⿪˺ڹ֮С
򵥵˵Ǳڹˣͬ˺ڹ⣬۹ء
ЩȻվʿڱ·֮֮̾ͻɢâǿֻҪܹһ·ôͲᱻڹɡ
Ȼڹ۹صĽƣҪνĽʸҪҪܳסƵ
Ȼͻƣ
ȻؿôôģǸϵ𣬵ڣ಻ᳬϢʱ䣬Ѿнʿ˵أ
˼
¶һ˿ЦȻŲ۹ȥһ̣ʿĿȫۼϡ


1895 һ
һʿäĿȻˣȴ֪νʸĻȡѶȷʵ
˵ºۼͽ۹ˣǿ۹أͲһܹġ
ڼȻԸȳԣȻֵԹۣˣҲǽĿ⼯еϡ
˵Ŀ⣬ǺһһһĻ۹ȥҲҶ˵Уȴǿʮÿһƾͻһ֡
ƣҶͬҲİ
ȸ½ɽϣҶһνӴѪģҶ˽Ҳ֮Ҹøڤʯеڤ裬ӱϸʣ൱ǿķ
ӿֳƣҲ֮ʣɢһϢ
ҪŨȵƾʲô󷨿Եõģֻһ취ɱ
ÿɱһһ˿ջ֮£ԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨ
ƾϵŨȣҶƲ⣬ǧ۵ĳ
Ҳ˵˫մѪϵﵽǧ֮
뵽ҶĿ֮жһɱȻҶⲻʲô֮ˣ˫ͬҲѪ߰ߣǣɱĶǸɱ֮ˣٲΪ˵ȥɱ
֮ӣˣλΪеֽﵽлĻҲһ̣
ҶûкøУολ˫մѪ
Ҷ˼֮䣬Ѿߵ۹ǰʮһףһһʮ֮źâ
⣬âǣ·˲ͽȻֻһϢѣе·Ȼը˿âʧ뵽˺ڹ֮Уվԭأ¶һ˿ȻЦݡ
Ϊжԭˣ
Ȼ󣬵ȴÿʿĶУܴ˻ʵ˲ɽʿĽƣ޷塣
ţ۹صĳǽȥȻŲ̧δص˲䣬ǰȻЦͻȻ
Ϊʱ˿̣Щոɢ·ʮȻӿ֮˲䱩ʮ
䣡
̵ıҲɲǣ֮бһ죬Ѹӿ۳һ֮ȻӲĽŲ·˺ѿһӣգųɹ̤˳ȥһ
۹سǽʣף
ȴҲûǰİȻ֮ɫ˶ƵӣһʹһҪ뿿ǽٻҪŲڣΪʲô޻ˣ
ʵһԵĿ֮һգգ־磬Ҫ»ָҪ֮á
Ҳ˵ǿǽͱҪʮʱ䣬⻹㣬ϾµʱڣҪֿ֮⣬ҪʿĹ
ûаȫ״̬ʿɱ練ƣ
ȻⲻһҪԵ⣬еʿҪ١
վԭسƬ֮󣬺Ȼ˼ÿ벽ָ̻һӵԱ֮
ΪһЩʣǣڶʿҲʼΡ۹ء
һΣû˳ˣȫһһĻЩʵУƵһ޷ֿˣҲòƴԼĿռ䷨֮ѹη
ʱ䲻ûлôʸ񣬾ͻᱻĨɱ
ڣû˻ỳ仰ʵԣԣһѵʸսʽĻ
Ҳֻû˿ԥȴǶıӰƬ̺
ϸͻ֣֮ᷢľ룬ǡñʮң룬˵ҲǸܽܵİȫ롣
ʿҲˣ˴֮䶼һľ룬Ȼÿ˶ھܵķ˵͵Ϯ
ҲвǲУЩȻˣͬʱǰĺôǿԻ
עĿľ߸ˣŮ׶УųһͬʱǰҶ֮£ԿһĽȻ˵ش󣬾һӣ˰һǵȫԹͨ
˿̳Ҷ֮⣬ѾûվԭأҶҲ޷֪˵ݣȴǰע⡣
ҶżΪģԼһܹ۹أĿڹ۲ǰеʿƬ֮󣬱¿Ǹ޴ӡ


1896 һλ
֪ΪΣҶܹ޴ӡиܵһ˿˿ϤΪҲʦħµģתһֲܡ
ΪʿĹؿħ۽սеľ磬Ȼܱ͵
Ҳ˵ӡģӦҲһλʿ
ǣ嶼ǰֻʿˣ˵վߴ۹ض˼ѣôλӡʿأ
Уһ˿˿Ϥ֮ǴӺζأ
ϴηսУҶֻ֪ˣʦۺۣܹϤоģֻпʦ
ǣӡ֮вûκѪһŵĶϢۺۣȻܹںʦͬļʵȻҲֻ
ãȻûһ𰸣ҶҡҡͷȽ۹أϾԼ˵ĿĿɲǼսҪѰ뿪İ취
ҶһҲʼ۹ȥ
ʱʿѾ뵽˽ƵķΧ֮УйǧʿҲƸɣΪеһӡ
˶̧ţܹһȴûмǺһͬһ£ʼϢȻǺ뷨һ
Ȼ˸еģҶעͬһλʿȴѾ˵ڶΪУǰԶġ
Ƭ֮䣬ҶѾߵ˽Ƶǰ΢һ֮󣬱һ룬˽ƵУʱ·ӿ˹ȫ
Ҷûƽƿ·Լվ
ڸЩ·
˵ˣƾӵдͨĵƣٽ֮µһַʩ
ҶǴߣӴĵƼΪ࣬ҾܵĽЩƶ뵽ԼĵС
ȻҲԵƵ⣬ȻȲЩϼһǣȴҲһ˿ɱȣͬʱԼص뷨
ƣ˵򵥣·ʽֳĴǸÿ˵ͬĵҲȫͬģҲ
¼䣬Ǿ컹ǧ˽磬Բȫһĵơ
ĿǰΪֹҶǵԼڻ˶ֵƣѪƣƣƣƵȵȣǴʧܵơ
ˣЩɽƵĹ·ΧʱĲЩ·Ҳǵƣ
ңһֵƣǰ˺ܶ֡
ƺеȵȡ
ƱȻµģӦǼ˺üλ֮ͬ£еĵƲŻ˷ӡ
Щܹͼʿ˲ڻֽĵƣȻҶ𲻵κεãȻϣʵʺҶ֮䣬ŷ˿ľڣҶŸ޼ɵɵƽԼΧ
ԭҲ뵽ˣΪǴߣȻĵƣд֮УȴҲκεܱģοĵȻµģȴֻʿܶκӰˡ
ЩҶжȻһȻתͷ˲ԶǸ޴ӡһ˿ͷ
ӡҲһλͬԼһĴµģ
ҪڳǽӡľҪͻƽƣȫӽ֮ͬʱʵǿĻȷӦÿһ㡣
˿ϤԴԼͶԷǴߵݲŲġ
뵽ҶʵͬԼҲ˵Լͬһ㡣
ư֮£ҶĿƽɨܣԼʱľֹѾ˺ܶ˵ע⣬ǾԼ߽Ͻļʿйâ˸ҪԼˡ
ȷҶչָ˿ʮ⣬ʿһƵƣҪôǱɣҪô˲ɣҶȴЩưа֧ʱ䣬Ȼû˿
ߣ˳뿪սǳԾɻǰЩˣʱܻܿΪǵĶ֣ĻҲ⣬ΪɨһЩϰǼһЩ֣
Ҷųһ뿪ģ뻹ǷϾ˸־ÿ˶սһĥԼҪóȻҪ뿪ΥǵԸ
գ
Ҷк֣ǰܵĵƣȻǰ̵ĳڣת֮䣬ȫʧ
ҶӰ³֣úܶע˶΢΢һҶҲװ֪һƬ֮󣬲ż
Ҷٶʵ̫࣬ڶʿ֮Ҳֻеȣһʱ䣬ǽһ˳ȥͷ󺹣Ͻ£Ϣ
ҶΪʱùעĿ࣬ʱҶһʿȴһ䣬Ȼһָ
ڹ֮УͻȻһʲôдһ㡣
ֱҶԽԽ


1897 
Ҷʮ⣬û뵽һԼֵˣȻ壬ôһ۵ʿ
Ҳطʵ֮䶼ǵжԹϵ˭˭ֶ⣬һЩΪвʿ˵壬֮ԻкܶԸڴ˿֣ɱǡ
ʿľأǳ֮⣬ڶһ֮һʵȷǿ
ʱ֪ʲôķȻܹԼĹڽ֮УҶ
֮ˣһܹ˿Ҷǿһ۱㿴ɫ۾һһĨЦ⣬ɣʿԼľȻһֻޣ
ûʵ壬ȫõĴڣȻܽƵӰ죬Ҳʿڽд̣ҾҶƣԷϵӦòֹһ
Ȼһ֮䣬Ҷ֮£ȴҲ˼˽⡣
ΪʳͬҲܹʶա
ˣϸ״ҶʱҶüһ޶ʱʧ١
ٶ֮죬ʿûвͻȻоûˣȻҲɿҶ֣ǸǱ֮ˡ
һҲҶҶˣ취ԼҶ²ڽд̡
ԭҶΪʱӦòٴŵԼˣû뵽һмԼԴ˳ʮ׷ΧȻɱ⣡
˵һߣ˸ҶҲע⵽Լ֮ľȷʮ֮ڣȻ˵ǲȫġ
ڶڽ֮УƶһǼΪѵ飬ҪҶ˵ʮ⣬Ҫʵе㲻ˡ
ҶȻһ̾ϢӼ󣬿Ƕǽҵˣ
£Ҷ϶Ȼʧȥ˱飬ĮĳԼʳָָ֮ƮһŽɫ壬ͬһСһ㣬ʳָ֮ơ

һҫ۵ĽⶸȻҶʳָָⱩǶͬһһ㣬һţ
ŽʧһѪ𣬺ߵü֮ϺȻһָͷϸѪ
ͨһߵʬȥϢ֮䣬ʬٲȻʧ٣׵ıɡ
ҶһĸԼսȻǿ󣬵ǾԼһԼҲ޷ӳսȫԸɴԼԼһЩս
ոյָϵѨλָѪ
ʵĴָ˵ˣǷʿҲҶָĿɲǽѨ޼᲻ݵĽҲܶǿ
Ȼ˲֪Щ˸־֮Ȼľ
һָͷͣͽаɱˣ⣬аϵľǴﵽذ
ľ϶ǿֻ˭˵ǿһ֪Ƕһӡûа
˭֪أǻǲҪˡ
У壬ᣬԼʿصĿҶۣȻǽҶ
ԴҶֻ΢΢һЦ⣬۾Ϣ
ȻɲڵϢڸЩеĵƣͬʱҲԼǿŬ۲ģǸ޴ӡ
ʵҶеĵ֪֮ƶڴȫЧֻҪԸ⣬һһļǰȫһ͵ǽ֮ߡ
ȤһλµӡȻۼѾȻϡоλߵĵҶҪľץסֵ
ܹôҶڴ֮·ϣԻһ
۹֮⣬ʮʿʸսУת֮䣬ʱѾȥһ¡
һ֮У￴ƽȴķ֮һʿѾǻǱ˹ž۹ԽԽ޷ֿ֮ɶ
ÿ󣬲ʬ廹Ѫᱻɣ˿ȥǸɸɾ
δ֮ˣÿ˾۹صľҲǸͬԾͬһˣֻʣһ֮ңľˣԼʮŸʿ֮ң
ʮʿʵʵǵֻͣʼձֵ͵ʱһţǲòӿٶȣȻһ֮δܻʸǾҪĨɱˡ
Ĺƣʵֻ¾ʮףǺ֪Լ뷨ʵǴشΪԽߣ֮ԽǿһҪֳΣһϢ죬ָȫȻýʵء
ҶȻԾϥھ׿⣬һ


1898 
ȻһУʿҶָָ㣬һɱҲôʱһδʧ
ЩѾʿ֮⣬ٵҲǰңˣҶȫǴһ
ֻŷʵϵʿУҶȻͬ嵱Ǿ仰һһͷβķ
һУҶǺ֪һǰĵıĿ
ǰµʱȥֻʣһˡ
ʱһʿڵ۹صĳǽ֮ˣóһѵҩԥ֮̿ʼչͨųǽ֮Ϲȥ
һֵĹȻֻǳԣԶеǽʱ̱һɴһŮӣζ֮£ǲ㱻һ׿⣬ߵͬ鼰ʱס
ǽ֮нƣ뵽ԶҲ𾪣˲ûмԣͣϢͬʱ̸Ƭ֮߸˵ٴαһӵһ
Ϊ׵һ߾еһ𽣣ӽɢӴϢѲ³ҲƷ
Ȼ󣬳Ȼϣ߹ɲͬɫ˵ǵ֮£ɫںϵһȫ˻ߵڣߴ֮С
̾ͻ˰ʱ֮ãȻ˵ȫɫһȴȻɢɫâֻҫۣ̫ͬһ㣬ʵԵ͵ˣ޷ֱŹâ׷׵ͷȥ
ʱ˿̣̺Ѿﵽĳּ£֮ЩڹƶԾĿʼá
ƣ
ڣ߿зʯ쾪һȣƽƽ̳̫ͬĹâȻһ㣬ڽ֮ϡ
ﬡһгǽ
ʱ䣬һ̷·˾ֹ˵Ŀ⣬עŽеһǽ
Ҫ֪۸ʵҲضѣ֮һԴﵽʿ֮Уǿһιˡ
ܹɹڳǽһۼ˵ǿϣԣһĺǣ˵ġ
ͻȻǡ֮Ǳ֮ϳһѷ죬ţˡһһ𽣣ӽ⵽Ȼȫ촷ۣ£ΧĺڹƸȫɣ
ڳǽ֮ϣһĺۼû£
˶ĬˣȻÿ˵ɫǱüΪѿ
˺һĹδܴҪ󣬸˵ˡ
Ҳסܿһ󺺾һĻߣʾɥ
Ӧһ֮󣬺̧ͷ۹صɳǽ֮ϣȻ׼һҪ󣬾ǽ۹ء
۹ȫһƬ಻ϵĳǽɣûжڣ¥ҲûгţΨһĽ֮Ƿɸ߶ȡ
Ҫǻطɸ߶ȸѵڳÿһʿУ˲ƣռ䷨򣬱ȻǱֹģҲ˵Ҫ۹أֻ˫˫źһȥ
ңҲԲô򵥣ǽ֮Ͽ϶ĳЩδ֪Σա
˵ע֮£óһɫӣַͬ飬ÿ˶Ӳһϡ
ӿ϶֮仹ܽϵһ𡣡
˰Բ룬ʱ򣬺ڿʼˡ
ʿݣ㲻κǽֱͬƽһɣȻ˿̣ڸո׵ľ֮󣬾Ȼͣ
ţƵ֮϶ȻȼһŻ棬һ·£ֱӶΧ֮УɫӣԴԴϵ˴󺺵ڡ
׾ѾҪ˺ɡ
˴˿Ѿˣг˿ɬ֮Уһ޷ɰ
󺺵ӰԽԽߣ˵Ҳ֮˻ָܶ˺ܹϳǽҲ˸ͷ
ʮףʮףʮףһף
һ׵ʱ򣬴󺺵ͻȻһûץס̾ʹӳǽˤҿͬסűˤΣա
˿Ǵ󺺵ĺѾ˰վĿʿǽϴһһ裬Ĺ̵ҪͬʱԿѶȼ󣡡
ʱ򣬴󺺲ıܣǿϲĽʵ˵˳ΪȻѾʶԼ˵޷ʸ񣬵ȺȺͬҲϣ
󺺵Ļʿ̿ʼۣȻʱһʿɨһۣȻ֣ʱҶ֪ʱȻѾվˣ
ңڶųǽ֮ҶȻӣųǽ
һǣǺڹƺȫã


1899 
ˣҶʼʮ֮һδҲͳΪ˾еķ˿ʱле㰲οϾôһ˵ףԼġ
ȻڣҶȻˣ
ˣȻʼΧʿеͷۣǰһޱȵĺڹƣ˿ҶǰȻ˿޷ĽŲ
һ̣˵ĿȫҶϣҲǰҶһָɱаϵ龰
ʵʱ䣬ҶûںΧĽƻǽֹеĵ
еĵȻܶ࣬Ǿظģֻͨͬķֽ⡢Сϣγ޴Ľơ
Ҷһĵȫ֮ǰĽƶ˵𲻵˿ˡ
ооǸӡ
߱ʮϡ٣֮⣬ԵҲǷǳҪҶ˵֮ǰһλߣһʧܵĵ
Ȼ۹أȻֿһλµӡ
ȻλӦҲѾʧˣȻĻ£棬һƬͬľ
µӡ֮УҶоϤͬڴߵĸĳЩȻҶȤҪնԼõĶӶǿԼĵ
򲻸ˣͨµоӡ֮пţʮּ򵥵ģֱͬʻһķš
һƲһ࣡
Ȼţȴ̲ƣ˵ȫõƶš
ҶΪ
ҶڶԵ⣬Լĳ̶ȣڸղţſɹʵ
ĿѴҶȻҲûҪˣ۹֮⣬˵Ѿûκεվʼʸ
˵ע֮£ҶǣֺͥŲһ㣬²ͣɵ˲Ϣ֮ʮ˳ǽ֮Ϊ˼֮󣬵ڶִǽˡ
ʱ˿̣ؾ㾲ڶʿסˣǵϴ𾪣η壬ڴ
ǿĽ֮ʿҲߵĵȻҶȴߵɣѵ˵µʱУʵ
ʵڲܣ֮·ԽԽߣµʱ䣬Ϊȥ
Ҷ˿ûΧ˵Ŀ⣬ųǽȥʱλ̲סٴοڵСģ
˵̱֮죬¶ڨڨ֮ɫ
ʵǺģΪǽɹĴҲὫ⧲֮£ܾܿͻᱻɳȥ
ҶδϢ¼ıɳȥƬ֮ڿ϶
󺺵ѣҶתͷһۣ¶һ˿Ц⣬һͷһ̣Ѿ˳ǽ֮ϡ
Ȼһһ裬ǿ̳֣Ҷڵͬ󽭾һ㣬ӿǽȥٶȣ¶֮ɫ
ѹָղŴϲףͲòͬˡ
ͬͬ˳һ㣬һĲײҶ֮ϣֱӳڣҶʵǿĿ»ᱻֱײĵ˳ȥ
һҶо˸ǿѹסֹǵţȻԽѹƣԽ
ͬϵҲˣǵһѹԽݣҲԽӿڵҲԽࡣ
һҶƴӳǽƿ֮ʧ
˼һһ裡
Ҷųǽ¶˼֮ɫʱûټ
ʱйעʿǣȴ¶ʧ͸˲ì顣
ȻϣҶܹٸǴһ漣һϣǣǵֲϣҶܹسɹΪǵѹͻ
ʵ֪ҶҪʸ񣬶˵ʵ̫ˣΪǽ֮ϱȻҲŽƣĵȻȫӽ֮ôºۼԽǽʲô¡
ֻǣڶ۹سȤҪоһ¡
۹شڵʱҲʮ֮ˣޱȣӦÿ޸ȻĻǽ֮ϱȻۼϾسɹˣԲֻһô޸֮˵תǴأ
񲻿еÿһʱ䣬Ʋ
ϣԲڵĶһȥͻɢ󷨻߽Ƶķһʱͬɢʮ֮пܣǾԲܻԽԽǿԼԽҲ֮Ӵ
ɢԽԽǿһһ裿
ҶüͷкȻ뵽ʲô


1900 
Ҷ˼֮ٴν˳ǽ֮ϣʱٴδһһ裬ҶûǿѹƣԼǽͬʱҲǳǽϴľ޴ֱˡ
һʮ
ͻȻϵľٶȫԲ۾ʮ˻µʱ䶼δɵĿ꣬ȻҶھȻֱԭء
᲻޷ټǰˣ
вʿ뵽
ҶȻվԭأݷֽ뵽붨״̬֮Уһ
Լ
ҵٷҵ衭
һһ裬ڳǽ֮䣬һѭѭʲôأ
Ҷ¶˼֮ɫͻȻ˵ע֮£ٴʮ˳ǽ֮ߣ̧ƣ΢һԥٴΰ˳ǽ֮ϡ
ΣҶ֣ĽԼ˳ǽǽǽһ㣡
Ľ룬һһȻûг֣ҶĸоԼڳǽ֮УĳضĹ켣ڲߣֱ´ӳǽ֮лԼڡ
һѭ
ҶȻۣһ̣ðһ뷨һڳǽս뷨
̫ͼ֣ڳǽ֮ϣͬʱҶԴԴϵǽ
ģԭںɫ̫ͼȻ˹âֹâҶ߻֡
ڹ⣬⣬㣬Χ̫ͼߣһȦֱһԲΡ
ˣ
ҶжȻһ磬ȫ
ǽĽ֮֮Իĳ֣ȫΪǽ֮ڵ˵ˣǽȡ˵ٷˣõԽ󣬴ԼϵҲԽ󣡡
ѹĽܹʮ꣬ΪҪ
ǽڣһһ̫ͬͼһ㣬һһټԻԲǽܣ
Ҷ۾¶֮ɫһ̣ȻԼеԥĻȫ˳ǽ֮У
Ҷ֮Ӵ󣬼ú̺ݣǰĳǽ˵ȴԵô΢Ϣ֮䣬ȫӿ롣
΢Ҷǿвٿţųǽ˷ߣٶ֮죬ֱ˲Ҳ޷⡣
ۣͨҶĿԼǽڵÿһȻȫһԲι켣Уλڳǽĺδ
գ
ҶȻһͬһ㣬쳹۹صϿգ
ɲ֮䣬иղűҶǽڵҶȣͬһ㣬ִ˷ٶ»صҶڡ
ֻͳȥʱǵҶʱȴԶһɲͬ
ȻÿһĲֻͬмΪϸ΢һ˿Ҷֳ˳ǧɣҲǴ˳ǧ˿ôһ𣬾ͻ۳һɿֲ
֮
ǵ꿪ٳƵĸ·µһ˿
壡
˿˿̵Ҷһڳǽ֮ϣգڷ裬ǧͬ˿һɫ壬ӳǽĸλãԴԴϵӿڡ
ҶǻΪɢһɿֲѹһ̶˹Ĥݵĳ嶯
۹ɳǽ֮ϣȻһӰһͷƵҷǸݵˣ飡
Ȼɲ䣬Ǵ˿˫֮ȴݷ̫㣬ҫ۵Ľ⣬ֱֱĶ·ǸڱӰ
ͬʱ
ǿհ֮УһӰȻ˫ۣȻûйâĿȴݷ𿴴ʱռ䣡
һƬȼޱߺɫ棬Χʬǣͬһڣһͷ˫ǣߴɵľ޴ӰͻȻ̧ͷ
һƬͬհȫڵ統УͻȻźڰĹâȻ޾ĺڰҲźڹ⣡
һȫͷǶѻĸߴ֮УһòΪӢˣȻתͷĳ¶һº͵ЦݣСʦܣȻûʧõ֮ҲӦ÷սһЩĿ˰ɣģΪҲʧġ
ջĿ⣬¿ǰǰʮ֮ԶȻƯһŮӣһŹĺɫ棬ȼա
ͬΣһЩ֪Ŀռ֮ݣһУҶ֪ȫѾ˳ڵ˿֮ϡ


1901 
ǡս֮ڰ֮ħ
Ҷһһֱ˿Լĸо
Ȼ򣬵вȫͬϢڽҶ֮󣬾ͻԶΪһ塣
ϸķֱ棬Ҷжϳϰ֣лһЩ޷ֱġ
ЩȻ֮ôÿһȻľһλϰ֣Ȼϰλ𣿡
뷨Ҷо𾪣ԭǴڵģǶֻʮλھȻϰλ֮࣬ʵǵ߸
ת룬ϰλ
죬ǧ磬壬Ѫ壬壬¼ʿһ𣬺ֹ֮ôʿ֮Уʱ䣬ֻϰλʵѾǷǳǳСˣ
΢һ£һʿ֮Уܳһλ
Ҫ֪ڷ֮УһʿһĲٵֻ١
ˣϸֻܹϰλĲ࣡
Щ֮۳ϰٵʱҶʱԸоÿһ֮һɾ޴ĳԼںֱײ֮ǻ״ĺɫĶȻ࣬Ҳǳǧ
ЩɫĶ֮ĳ֮£˳Ҷĸλγһճĺɫ塣
ʣ
Ҷ֪˵ų֮ţӵ޾ǱǼΪھԭ򣬾ΪЩʣЩ
ۿ֪ģȴʵʵĴڵĸط
֮˻ϴ跥֮˵ʵҪеʺ
ÿڳΪˣٵʱе׵֮ɽߵϴĿͬΪЩʺ
ÿһЩʺھǱҲԽ࣬ʵȻҲ֮ߡ
Ҫһδε̥ǣֱЩеʺ
ҶѨλרѨλÿδͨһѨλʵὫѨλеʳ⣬ԶʿҪǿĶ࣬ȻڣЩ֮ĳ֮£ȻѾһʡ
֪ʿڣһˡ
ڣ˶Ѿͣ˸ԵжȫιעҶȻҶ˵ƺ;ҲٶȽڽʵǡ
Ҷ˫۽գɫ԰ףҲ΢΢ţΪʵĸо൱ʹ࣬õĽȴ൱ֵõģҶҧš
ͬʱվɳǽ֮ϵ飬ȴǻҡҡͷ̫ͬҫ۵ĹâҲȥձ۾ƺҲ뿴Ҷһ
ʹʼӾ磬Ҷ޷ܣԱƵòЩ飬ӶתԼע
սȻȷпᣬȴܹһ񣬳˲ϵɱܹÿߵʵ֮⣬ÿһؿ֮ǲĻԵ˭ֲܹһЩԵôĲ̥ǡ
ǵһؿǸĻ˵ĹؿܹؿвصĻԵȫãǷˣҲһ񣡡
Ȼ˵ҶѾ뵽ЩлһʣǾǸ˽ЩǣƺӦĺġ
սȷпᣬһҲһʿʡǧʱ䣬һ飬ЩΪӳԼԲϧɱ
ԣһĿģ
뷨ðҶﶸȻһæʼԼǿо£ЩȻԼںֱײϰٵ֮
Ȼܹ֮ڵʣҶӵģЩ֮ȥ᲻Լʲô޷صʧ
֮ǿӹɵģˣҶҪԼסЩ֮ʱǹ̸ӵʹ࣬ȻҲǷǳļѣ
һ̣ɳǽ֮ϵ飬ͻȻ͵۾Ȼûҫ۵ĹâȴŵƹɵĻȼա
һܳɹ𣿡
鲢֪Լ˫־Ȼڲ֪Ѿս΢΢ǰ㣬ǽ״̬һš

ҶǳʹĲҽУһɹӴڷӿɽ֣ºԪͷ֮ϣ̫ͼ˫ۣӡںԪ֮⣬þδйӦĹ䶦ȻҲ֮֡
һ̣Ҷ˿ʵȫչ˳۹֮ϵƬնʼ¡¡һƬƬƲʲ֪ﻺƮΪҶĵƣȥǽɫ£Ӷ¶ԭʵıɫҲԼĵ


1902 һƣһȭ
Ȼ̧ͷյ࣬е֮ڣҧĿ֨죬֮м֣٣
ǵģⲻ٣ǵ٣֮٣ҪӵĿֲֵԭȻҶĵ
Ȼ֪Ҷģ֪ҶѾһεˣҷ
ҶƺҲܵΣǴ˿̵Ѿղܣϰٵ֮Ĺؼʱ̣һôղŵŬ׷ѣЩ֮ӷĳ
ΨһģǼӿѹƵٶȣ
죬ٿ㰡
Ҷ˻ţ
ڣڵټεһ̣ҶܵЩʵ˲ʧȻٵһҲɲǼɢ
ҶȻ۾һ˿֮󣬼æԼڣϰٵ֮ѾǿеıѹƳһ۴Сʰ쵵壬ͷųһ˿˿ֲϢҶ֮ԡ

³һҶʱķ
Ȼס֮ǸղǶݵĳȴѾҶ˼ĺôøӵǿڣҶĺʥ࿹⡣
ɢ
Ҷǲںճʶʱɢ
ǰĳǽҶǺȻ¶һ˿΢ЦȻ˵ע֮£һ˵ʮ⡣
ֽճȭľٵǰȻһƣ
һȭ
û˿Ҳûжκη֮һȭȫǴı
ȭͷ֮ϣһ磬۳һڤڤ֮Уƺһ
䣡
һ̣رɫ
޴ĺУɳǽ֮ϣȻըһ󶴣һߴɣɵľ޴Ĵ󶴣
վԶȥͻ֣ᷢȫһȭͷ״һҶȭһģһľ޶
޶֮ԣǸͬ޴ӡ
һƣһȭ
ӡǶڳǽ֮Уȭȴֱӽǽ飡
˶סˣ˫ĿֱĶǸȭһƬհףΪǸѾûа취˼
ղһʿ֮Ũһ㣬ٽƷķȫһ֮£ǵδڳǽ֮һ˿ۼ𽣶ֱ촷ۡ
ȻҶһȭ֮£Ȼͽ᲻ɴݵĳǽһ˾޴Ĵ󶴡
ʲôʵҪôǿ
ʿ
ҶͬҲעԼ󶴣˿Цδɢſ³ĸ֣ˣ
赭дĸ֣ͬ۹أĸֵʱ϶ʱֳһĨͺ⣡
Ϊǰ״֮󣬾˵ͬĸ֣ǸʱΪƲҶҪ
Ȼڣǽһ֮ңҶȴѾǽһ޴ȭ֮Ĳ࣬ʵͬһ㣬޷Խ
˵ĸ֮Ҷһ˦̧оһε̨һһһǾ޶ȥ
չأ֮ڣѾǽ֮˺ۼôͻ˴صʸ񣬿Խ۹֮ڡ
˾עž޶ԽԽĳǽûһ˸ʱκ
Ȼʮ꣬ҶѾվ˾޶֮ǰȻͣ½Ųתͷ·Ǹӵѣһɣ
ӵ΢΢һ¶ϲ֮ɫҶװ͸ʸ
ǵתͷԼλ֮ͬʱϵľϲȴ˲ɢ
磬㷢ʲôȥɣ
ǰ磬ǸĻᣬϽȥԥˣ
磬㲻ùǣȽȥԼ취ȥ
ԼͬǵĴߴӵϵľϲ㱻Ȼ棬תҶΪлǰ⣬ӣͬͬˣ룬ֻܹǰĺˡ
ȻĺҶһ۹أΪǾʹµʱһٲᱻֱĨɱҲ뵽Լȥˣλͬδܽ룬һ𣬾֮գԣܾˡ
ҶĿһǲӣȻ¶΢Ц˵ˣһɣ
ΪղźӵһѣҶ˺øУ֮Ĳ벻ҶĺøмҪ֪Ҷһ·죬صأֻ飡
飬ʦ飬飬ֵ飬ոնõİ飬صĶԣһΡ
ӺӣʱǾϲӣڶеš
лǰ
Ҷһ
Ҷ߸˵̷ɵ˿УҶߡ
߰ɣǽأ
ǣ
ӼȿֺĳȭҶ֮󣬸Ҫһʱ򣬺Ȼʣ㣬ʲô֣
Ҷ


1903 ֮
Ҷ۹أ֣ȴ𺳵ڳÿһʿࡣ
֣ܶʿİֻû뵽ԼȻͬһؿ
һ뵽ǰɸ׼ֽɱʱ򣬺ܶ˵·˲㱻亹ʪ͸
Ҷ
֣ȻҲǼΪ𾪣𾪹ȴ¶һ˿ֵĹâ
ʱǸϵȻٴ𣺡˻ʸ˼ʱ޻һ£
˴֮оѹÿ˶̧ͷҶµǸȭйâ˸ȻǶһͬ뷨ԼܲҲȭ֮ͨһ˳ɹĸʣ
ɳǽ֮ϣӵĿһ·ˣһЦǾԿ
˵֮һ˦Ѿʧ
ͬʱҶͲѾȭʽ뵽۹֮С
˿̣˸ȫʧȥ˵ټֱڰ˸Ŀռ䣬ǵǰվһˣȻǸ飡
ҲûҶ֮ʱɢͬ˸һͷԺòʣһɵѹ
ĮĵϲʸֻҪңͿɼǰģҵľǵľȫһʱ׼ȻҲʱ֣
֮ǰδ飬Ҳ֪ͬҲԺԼһģһĶֻ֣ǽ鵱ع֮ˣԲûʲôȡ
ֻҶעǰ飬Ȼڵߣ
΢΢һһãʧָֻĮģҲ֪˵ʲô̹㲻֣Ҿͳ֣
ҶȻǽĶǽϵǸӡµģӡ֮УҸܵĵǿ󣡡
仰ٴһãͻȻѿʵ˭
ֵҶãˣ㲻˵𣿡
ҽ飿۾ɴˣеãҲӵŨȻһţĿ±üᶨĵ飬֮飬񣬷ҵ֣طս񣡡
ҶԷˣƺѣӦʱʱǰ飬Լμ飬ͬһˣǰ󷴲ȴǼڶԴԼ̬ϡ
ԼԿ϶ǸӡеϢǰҲУԣӡ֮ˣҲǸߡ
ǣôֱطս񣬶һ˵ĻôΪΪʲôҪԼػĳǽ֮ӡأ
飬Ҳ˭ϴθ˵ħҪɱҶĺˣұҪ뿪սֹһؿ֮Уſ뿪ĵطѾˣطģ
ĬĬĶҶ̣
ħ죬ף˵ϴηսУΨһӡˣЩѵȫˣ
ҶȻģû뵽һؿع˻飬ڼȻôĿӦֱܹʳ뿪սĵط
ǽƾҶ˵ʲôãûٳֹˣʼձĮ̬ȡ
һ̣
ҶˣתʼܣȻ֣￴һֻ̨ܲʵأ޾ĺڰڱ̨֮⣬Լɼһ·ʱ˸ʱʧ
᲻ΪصĵطдĽƣУŻģǿֻнܣ뿪Ҳѹ
ԣȻعˣֻнܲ㴳سɹǾ˵н뵽ˣӦöͬ˵ʱ˿̣ǲںţ˸飿ԭˣ鲢飬ֻڷһĴڣ
ҶȻͨˡ
飬Ӯ
Ҵ̨ߴӮ
Сĵ̨Ļʲô
ʱ䵽
£˲θߵһ˼ǿȣֱӻ֣򵥵һҶ
Ȼһ۴ƻǿޱȣҶȴҡҡͷǸӡ̫Զˣ
Ǽ򵥵ʵһ⾳Ĳࡣ
ǽϵһƣ̺ʵֱŵ˼£һƣȴǿΣʧȥ⡣
飬ⲻĵĵأ
ҶȻһȣȭͷͬǰվڳǽ֮ʱһûκεֻһƲһ࣬ʵ̲ȭͷ֮УݺݵĹƣ
䣡
ƿʼ飬忪ʼ飬µ̨ʼ飬ܵĺڰռ䶼ʼ顣
󣬵ȫѾ촷ֻۣʣһ˫õ۾ʱ˫֮кȻӿֳһ


1904 ڵ
ҵĵ
۾ҲѿʱڱĿռ֮Уͬγһ˻
¡
Ҷһȭ֮ͽռȫ飡
ܵһȫʧȡ֮ҰպԼЦݣһͷһͷ顣
ٿҵĵ𣿡
Ҷԥһȭβû˿ûУֻȭͷ֮ϣֳʽɫ
򵥵һƲһ࣬ȴ֧ͬһ㣬͸һİ
˫Ŀֱڳճյʵ֮оȻ¶һᣬͬڿԼһ̲סҪһʵ
ҶʼɫƽעһһڣҲѾһŵĲ²⣬Ȼܿ϶ҲӦǰ˾Ųʮ
ʵ𽥰ֱȫʧ֮ų³һĿҶл
Ҷɫлл㣬ĵҲңҵĵӵԲ
΢΢һЦҸΪͷסԼңʧˣ
ôһ˵ҶԸӿ϶ԼĲ²ˡ
ӦҲϴηսеһԱȻؿʱֻǴߣԼĵ۹֮ϣԼӡҲ˳ǽصܣֻҲͬһʱû뵽Щ񲻻ôĵȥһԣ㣬ˣ
ҶʱɫƽԶĿ⣬ƺ͸ԶʣͶңԶ޾
Ҷ룬㴳Ĳһ۹أ۹أõ۹еܣӶԸԳΪղ˵񣬵ǣΪһҲ㡣ΪʧȥĵӴ֮ǽһսе񣬻˵㱻սУҲ޷뿪صʵ硣
ʱҳˣΪҲǺһĴߣҵϣ㿴ϣңſ뿪ķϣܹ뿪ҲΪҵ뿪ָԼɣǲǣ
ĬƬ֮ͷ˵Ķԣ̰ˣҳˣҳ֮УԼĵ
ҶĬĬ̾˿ͬʱҲһ£ղԼΪһЩڣԼ¾ͻɵڶ飬ڶλ׷սмǰڶ۹أ۹أֱճΪ񣬲һλʧԼĵͱĵ
ҶսĿİɣ
ϴ
һ仰ҶΪ֮𺳣Ҳû뵽ġ
㲻ģͬңͬ磬ͬһһľһɳһʯһʱʧʱܱµĵȡ
ңʵϣҲˣߣÿʮ궼һΣǸ㲻Ķɣһδ㣬һδߣң
Ҷٴ𺳣Ϊⲻܣ̲סϵߣʮһ֣йɣǿ϶ƶɣԲǴԼ˭˭ӵ
Ҳ֪ǲ˭ƶɣ˱Ȼǳڵ֮⣬Ŀģǲһֵ棬Ҫϵĸ
ΣҶ嶼ԭϵĴˣ˴֮⣬ûκܹת
Ȼ龹Ȼ˵ĳδ֪Ĵڣƶɣϵĸִڵġ
ˣ𣿡
ƽҡҡͷ޷ش㣬ҲǣҲǣǵʱ䲻ˣ˵ɣ
ã
ɱߣǷսĿ֮һЩ߸ϵǣѾͬͣеĴȫΪһ壬д֣߳ĳɹµĵԭеĵôƬؾͻȫģ
ֵĸͨˣǴ󲿷ֵ˵ҲʲôӰ죬ֻǺСӰ죬ǶЩѾ͵Ϊһ˵ͲֹӰôˣǽԭдʧʧ׵Ļ𣬹ޣټסǵ֣סκκйص飬ǾǴֹһ
£⿴𣿵ȻˣԣЩ񣬾ͳΪҳϣᶨˣԳΪߣ
սʮһΪѰҴߣӶɱȻΪãǸãϾӵеǱ˿ɱȣң룬߱ߣǲһ˼顣
˵ϳһĨŨŨԳȻ˼еǡ


1905 Ѿͷ
ʵߵĴڣȻʲôܣЩҪĨɱĻȫֱжҪô鷳Ūս
ȻҶҪ⣬Ҷʵ̲סˡ
֪ʮҲһֱجѵʱҾͻ˼⣬Ҳ²⣬ȻдߵĴڣǴɹĴҲһ򵥵£ûκĸţɴȥʧܵĿҲԶԶɹĿܡ
ңһеıһǿڲٿصĻôȻҲӦûᱣߣҪĳ̶ֳϱ֤߲
¶׷֮ɫδս֮ǰ֣֮ܶȴʱԼţǼֱһδε漣
ҶĬĬĵ˵ͷҲ֪ٴαľ棬ԼˣȴȻʹĻһֱڡ
ҼǵһΣǳһλʹߣҳ֣ҪҶɱʹߣȫû˿ĵֿǰҾһֻϣǾΪԼɵʱλʹͻȻǿʲôΪ־һ㣬ȻѾң֮ززˡ
ҶȻһ
Ϊ֪ԼҲйôһμȫͬľ
ǸˣǿԼûп˲佫ԼɱĴڣԼе־Ĵڡ
Լ裬ڿҪɱԼʱҲͻȻˣǸʱ򡭡
Ҷ۾ȻʱƵǺѹ֮ȴ֪ΪСݵĳ֡
Сݣ
ҶȻۣⱬ
ȻǿȻԿ϶ķӣλȱķĵӣʵԼ£Բú˼Ķӵĵز
ôֻСˣ
ʱ˿ã˲֪꣬Ծɱĺӣ
ҶͻȻðһŹֵ뷨һˣҲˣ
ˣ
ɽҶͷһźԪ£һɰŮӣСݡ
ڿСݵɲǣʼһƵ֮ɫ飬ȻԲ۾ĶСݣѿڶѾͷ
򵥵֣Ҷ֪Լ뷨ǶԵģȻλҲʶСݣǵĳƺѲ³Сദʱ䣬һҲ̡
Сݳ֮󣬱Ѿſ˫ۣ׼ҶĻģȴֹͣ˶תһ˿ɻӣ顣
Ҷ߹ȥḧСݵԴͬ飬㱻ʹ߹ʱǲͻȻˣ
ֱֱĶСݣٴ¶֮ɫͬղſʵʱһһĵ˵ͷ㲻˵һˣǵģʱҽѾͷԼ˳ȻҾͻˣʱֻѾͷ߿
ʮˣѾͷ㣬һû䰡
˵ѾĶӣ΢ЦĿСݣ
Сԥ̧ͷҶҶ磬Ҿе죬벻
ȥɣСݣҲĸ磬顣
ĵǰѾͷҲĸ磬ҵãΪǧ꣬û뵽ⱲӣȻټ㣬ø籧
Ƭ̵ԥ֮С뿪Ҷƣ˹ȥֱı
ıСݣһ̣Ϸˮ
ܹټѾͷźˣ
仰Ҷٴһ̧ͷ˿ƬգһɲõԤС
磬ôˣޣСݶ޵ģ
ȻСݿ˵Ųޣȥϵᣬȴ֪ΪΣҲˮ
粻ޣѾͷʵ뵽ԭһֱңֻϧ޷ˣڻҶ㣡
鷴ֲСϵˮǷཱུСһڣȻɿֱۡ
ҶѾͷˣ˯ɡ
ҶĬĬĽӹСݣһӣСݱ۳˯ȥһĻҶ뵽˶֮ǰʱԼһ̡
ȥɣңҲȥˣ
ҶСͻ˺ɽעҸôȥ
ɱң
ȻҶղѾ뵽Ǵ˿Լ˵Ȼһ֮أ
սӷ뿪Ҹ˵ϴ뿪սˣʵк֮ܶ࣬еĴ󲿷˶ħװһֵѪ֮뿪ˣˣְɣûɱȻҲˣٲ㣬ǾҪˣ


1906 ҵĵ
ҶҲ֪ԼвԤУһԴЩ߸ϵ
Ȼ˵޷սУǶ﷢һжֱ֪ƿһС
飬λطսضĹע
飬ղ˵ɱֻǷսĿ֮һôĿģʲô
һ˿⣺磬ȫ磬Ҫȥ벻ϵȡսеһУҺ飬ʱңÿһɱˣṩǼΪǿ󣡡
ˣսʿ˴ΪλɱʿΪ
⣬֪Ѿʼˣ֮һƿλ֮һսͱøӵı󣬶ڻŵ˵ǱҪػõһڡ
ҶתսǴ취Ľ֮£űǿпٳģֻ֪û뵽֮Ѿ
ҶæʵˣսǲҲ᳹ױǵĻе飬Щμӵˣǻǻ뿪ս
ҵȷܹսһж׻Ϊޣ˵ٶԽԽ죬ںʱֶһ㣺ÿһλȻַ֮ÿһλֻƿһǿķκ޷ģԣһλƿ֣Щ񲻿÷ս
ɲǣԾͻֹ֣֣򵥵ķǵͨǿеĴһλµȡҵλãԣһҪסᣬ뿪
¡
黰£֮ϺȻһҵ֮һɿֲϢǵأ˲ͽȫ⡣
գǱһľӣ޴ơ
죬ˣɱң
鼸ѾڷĴ
ȻҶȴԥˣɱ֮ˣȥɱһԼû˿ޣϸǶԼжˡ
ҪԥˣҶǿĹɱң
ȻҶ֮ųһǿҵĹâ̫ͬһ㣬ҫ磡
ҶһҧԲˣ飬гһմɹһ취㸴
䣡
һ쫷ҶȻͷ֮ϣȻֳһƲһɫŻصϢ˹ȥ
УҵĵɱңԼĵֻĵɱң
鲻㣬ɫȻײԼϣһſֲĹâ˵ˣ
ҵĵ
ʱ˿̣ҶоȻһ˿ãΪȻʼڲϵĴֱڣ֪Լĵʲô
ĵ˵˾ǿŲϵںϸֲͬĵƣ𽥵ӵ˳ΣҲӵã
˵ûиĸ
ҲΪ֮һ翵Ĵڣţȴ޷Ĵڡ
ģĵģд֮ģ֮Ȼ֪ĵʲôģҪʲô
ȻҲûϵҶߵĴ֮·ȻһҪ֪ڽս֮ǰѾ֪Լĵ֪ԼҪߵ·
ҶȻԾǴã֮У˵ĸоǲڴΪߵݣڷƶ
һһ֮Ĳ࣬ɾ̫ˡ
Ҷĵʲô
Ե
Ե
ҶһȻ뵽ʵչ¶ϵİ
ҵĵʲôҵĵʲôֻҪԼˣԼѣԼֵܣԼİˣԼͬţƽƽĻţԶһз
ʲô
ǲ
һֱӴ£տʼڣƬƬգ鿪µ䣬Ȼʹˡ
ҪĲҪĨɱǾܵıס飬ϾѾһλʮ
ˣȻһλ񣬵ǣûʱĳ³δܹ÷սȹ̡
һսһıпܷһֲֿӦǣı
ͬڻٵһͬʱʱҲܵĴڣűķ
ˣҪ飬ҪֹҶɱ飡
ȻŵΣͷҶȴ˳˼֮У£ʼ˼Լĵ
Ѫɫ죬ͷڷ裬֮䣬ƺֻʣҶһˣȻй¶
ԶѾֹͣ˳ʱҶʱգһҧãȻҪҾӲɱѵӲɱⱲӣʲôɹûɱɣǼʶһ£ʲôСԵ


1907 ҵĵ
Ȼתգһͷݵͷ趯֮УȻĸֳһѵ
һͨɫĴ󵶣
յ֣ʶȻٴһ䣬̬Ƕһɿ֮Ѿ۳ʵʣͬ籩һ㣬˷ϯȥ
Ϣ֮ƬƬĿռ俪ʼ䣬ȻƬٶȶȻӿ죡
ӷҲȥˣҪңƫƫҪ
ʱ˿̣ľͬһλһ֮䣬׼Ǹ߸ϵһս
ͬʱڷսе飬ǱЩԭס񣬻Ǵʵʿǣһܸоضһ־޴ı仯
ֱ仯ǵǿ־壬
ɱǣǸԿֱ仯ֻĬĬĳţȻĲʣȴ޿κΡ
ϣȫĳδ֪Ĵ֮ϡ
ǸǿյһߴӰӺڰ֮߳һε֮У޷ĿֻǳɣдѾһǷս𣬿ӣӦ׼ȽǶ֮ҳ
ֻǣΪߣһΣҶ֮⣬ûбΪʵѡˡ
Ļ£ͻȻһ֮г𣬴εС
УҲУ֮飬ȸ֮飬УУ
Ӱһ߿һ߲ϵҡͷѲҪǸȥ䵱񣿲Բиã֮ҲУȻڲ񣬵ǻûеһѵľûһʵѡ𣿡
ʱһͻȻУ⸱֮УֻӰ
һŮеޱӢɫȣŮ鶯һ˫۾˸Ź龫֮ɫ
ŮӰȻһ⣬̲סЦ̫ˣ񰡣һһ϶Ϊû뵽û뵽ǾȻûгΪ£ѡãˣ

¡
Ѿѵһǣڳ׵ı飬¶޾ĺڰһɫӰȴĴӺڰ֮˳
ʹߣ
еǰѵİڽڽڱǣܹ⽫ԼĨɱʹߣη塣
籩ͬҰޣХ֮䡣
ʹУڵķĶ飬֮Żڵ飬ҪλһУ𣿡
ƨ
ƿڴʲôѣӵϹۣǵĵס˵ججĴʮ֮ã죬ѹʲôλʲôȫǹƨ
Ĵʹ߲û˿ͬһ㣬ҡҡͷг˸Žľᡣ
飬Ȼһϯ֮أҪ֪Ҫɱ㣬練ƣ
𣿡ϵİ䣬Цѵ㲻֪һɱңһ֮أȻҾɱʹߣα񣡡

ʹͻȻŭһӣһֻɫֱ֣ץ
ƺأκж޷ѡ
úãα񣡡
һǱɫĴ󵶣Ȼһӣ
һɫĵ֣ʱͽһϡ
ˣȻɷǰУ˲ʹߵߣʹȻҲǳһң˫һģһε㽫⵶˿
һ֣Ȼֵ׷Ŀ⿴еǱ޴˸ҵĵҵĵ
ҶѾȫĳԼ統УһУѾȫȻ֪˼Լĵ
Ҷɽ֮УΪ˾ȸ޳ɷˣѪӴһһ·
ȻǱƣɭ֣֮£ʶүүһһ£ץߡ
ǰٺʱ򣬽ʶ˺ǣһֱߵ졣
ȻһڣһͨŵӵĺˣһԾΪȺڵĳϡ
˳ѩ裬硭
һһϤӰһһľҶǰ֡
ǿĵģʹģźҲֲеһУ
̶̵һ˲䣬ҶٴһԼ߹ĵ·
·Цᣬϲбп࣬ᣬкޣ顭
飡
֣ȻͬһҶԺ֮леȻ˺һӡ
飡
Լ׷ģʼձ޲Լһ·ߵڵģʵһ
ʼľȸΪ飻
׾ȳ֮ľүүΪ˶飻
ԼĽϣǰ飻
ʶǺͰǣΪ飻
գԼ죬սΪĲʼշŲµĹʦͬŵִʦ飡
һУһ֣ʵͿԸ
Ҷã񽥽Ļָһ磬һſǳ֡
ҵĵǡ飡


1908 µĵ
Ҷǰǳ˲׺ɣ˫ۣ˵仰֮󣬱㻺ϣ̯˫֡

һɺƵ֮ɢ˷Ŷȥ
ڼսʹ߶ˣһֺܵƵ֮ĳ˲Լֹͬͣ˴򶷣Ŀ⿴Ҷϵı飬˲ȫͬı仯
΢Ц۴οĵ˵ͷҵԼĵ֪ҶԼеı֡
ܸܵĵҶĵ
ΪɺƵ֮ϮʱᵽһֵĶ飡
Ҷĸж
ʹ¶ֻ֮ɫ˫֮гη𾪣ΪȻҪҶĤݵĳ嶯
ǾԲܵ£ȻʹߣҲ֮£ֻĴˣܹӵ¹ʸҲ
ǣԼ׾ٵҶȻҪµĳ嶯ֻܲţ
˫սսʹƴȫڵֿĵĳ嶯һ£ôҲˡ
䣡
촫֮ϣĪĶ߸ˡ
ǲӣֱʱȻڸķսȻڸղŵһ˲䡣
սķܵһУȫȻվĪ
ȻǵһۿģмһѪɫӰſ˫ۣ˫Ŀ΢գƺͬһ㡣
һۣǵĿҲ޷ƿȥעʹߡ
ǵоֻһѪɫӰÿ˵ж޵ĸ򣬻ǷĵĿ־𾴣
ͨ
߸ˣͬʱǸӰȥͷ˫֮䣬Ŀȥֱӡ
ǵƽģеϲãΪֺƵ֮İ֮£ǸоԼ֮޼᲻ݵ顣
۹֮⣬ʿѾҶµǸȭͷȡɴ۹صĴ㣬ΪǸǲܵ顣
ھȫƶĶԳǽһųǽĶȥ
Ȼһ̣һɺƵ֮ͬһ㣬ÿ˰
ÿ˶вһĸܣǵķӦҲǴͬ
п־壬ڴи򡭡
ηӦգҲȫϢԴ֮İȥ
ʿ֮УΨɫΪѿ˿վڳǽ֮ߣɫɷף˫ֽճȭͬʹһƴѹеǹɹµĳ嶯
ʹηҪӵĶࡣ
Ϊ壬ĸ׽顣
֮ˣҶ֮УȻֻп־壬ûи
λʹߣôĴˣ飬Ҳ֮һ֡
ҶɢԽ۹أڷսе֮ϡ
ģĸ磬ʿͨˣѾܵ
һ̣սе磬ȫ˵ϣ
֮ˣ֮ˣû⣡
֮ˣ֮Уľƽͣи򣻶֮ˣ֮Уȴձֻű壬̻̲
һ̣ҶȻսϵķӦӡС
˿̵ȴ޾ϲ
ͷ֮ϣȻֳɫĵһƲһࡣ
һĻ۾Ȼһ¶һ˿֮ɫСӣҵĵǰԵҲͬڽҵĵŪҪʲôǧŪɳ׾
ʵͬҶһͬƬڱ֮䣬һһңľһˡֵıʻֿվһҶԾɱ۾Ȼʳָָ֮ϣ˸һɽɫ⻪
ҶĶֱһ㣬ǣ˿̵ÿһΨһһڿֻݡ
ϵı֣ҶںԼĵϣǺеĵϡ
ʱ򣬺Ȼһȴɱ㣡
ȻתѾҶѹȵĹڵϵʹߣȻһԾ£һȫ
ãԷϾҶĵʱӰ죡عһαĶң
αƺȻʹļɻ䣬Ǵʱﻹ˼ȴƽڣֻϽҶ㲻ɱҲҪִ״̬֮ѹ
ΪӦ£
ٶȺܿ죬ڷı֮£ʹߵٶѾﵽһּ£˲Ϣ֮Ҷǰϴ֮ɫһֻɫĴѾҶ
ʱҶǻʳָҲͣڿУз֮һߣ֮ʼߣ֮ʼգ֮Լ֮֮һ룡
£ҶڿеʳָȻһ
һȻ򵥣ȴǳ䣬׹أǿٵأһ޿ƥеľ֮⡣
һµĵҶʳָ»֮䣡


1909 һ֮
ǰҶ۹سǽ֮ȡ֮֮ʱ׷ӦҶʳָ»һ̣ٴ˸Ӧ
ΣǵĸӦ֮УȴǶһ𾪣дһ˿˿η壡
ǴǲãԼѾ˶ãֻ֪꣬ǻλΪ֮󣬳˶ԽԽ̵Ԫ֮⣬Ҳûйηĸо
ǣһ̣ÿһλжη塣
һõĸߴӰޱߺɫ֮У׵ͷ˫֮ˣȫиͷǶĹ֮е飬ǾþδйκηӦļ䣬ӿֳһ˿η塣
ǣ
ҵԼĵ
һĹâҲֳº͵ЦݣСʦܣıʵǴĳҵϣҶԽԽˣӣΪʦֵҲҪŬˣȻĻⳡϷû˼ˡ
ĸߴӰͬŹâ˸ĵѾҵԼĵմ˳һǵ֮Ҳõһλˣ˿˷ˡ
һ̣Ӱͷ֮һĽɵǹһɲǼ䴩ԽʱգƬȼޱߺɫĻϿա
ħ񣡡
Ǹͷ˫ǣߴɵľ޴ӰɨһۿУʲô£
ɣ𣺡ϻ˵ղŵĵ϶оˣ֪ҪɱҶ֮ˣֻʣ׼ʲôʱ֣
ΪӲϽ֣Ƿ˽磬Ϊ񣬵ǽУ
ҿһ֮Ҷ˺Ȼñǰ˽磬ٿһ˿ǰ
ң˫ǾӰһЦãȻֻһ˿˽Ҳ㹻ˡ
²˳٣ץʱ䣡
ߣ
񲢷ܵģݣ꣬޷ǰ˽硣
綼Ƿֵȼģ˽㲻ϵһ֮磬ڷ˽磬ֻһֺǾǷ˽̱
ǧ磬˲仯ΪС
ǵģ

Ҷʳָ»һʽɫĵȻ֮䡣
һ
ʱһλãλһƲһм䣬ԶԶȥʵ͹һеƫԣģ
⣬Ҳǡ顱ֵ벿֣
⣬һʼ֮㣬Ҳǡõλʹߵü֮
һʹᴩأȻʹߵҲͬһΪ
ľ֣ʹߵм䣬˿ֵǣǷѳʬ֮УȻû˿Ѫûꡣ
޻֮ˣȻҲ飬ѵã
ҶʹߵһۣĻ£ʹߵ֮ŽɫľᣬȻڿն𣬻һ⣬ֱʡ
ʹߣǳ׵Ļ촷ۣ
ʹ߾û뵽ڼ֮ǰԼһ㣬СӣȻڽ죬׵һָɱԼǴ˵е񣬶δֹ
ֻ˵ԼΪ˿̵Ҷڴ֮УͶ֮䣬õĶµ֮
µ֮дҳ棬οһλαˣԣʵԩ
ټһᣬȵҶӴ״̬֮˳ôȻ޼ɵҶϾȻʵҲһḶ́һϦ֮䣬ܴɵġ
ʱ˿ֻ̣֮ʵ֧֮أ
ҶָȻƽƽľڿУָ֮ϹâƣƺҪдµĵȻȴ֪ôӺ±ʣԳٳδ
׼סʹߵ飬ҲҶʳָµͬʱͣΣ˿̣עʵԼȻڳ˼еҶͬС
ˣҵĵΪչԼĵķʽԵĲͬ򵥵һʵ֮УԸо˺ܶӵϢӦûӴĴߵĵ
ֻǣ˵ҲһǼ£ϾÿߵĵͬںϺ£ȻãĻ˽ĵԽ࣬·ͻԽߣǽĵ֪֮ҪãǷܹƽɹ
뵽ȻָԼüģƬ֮ü֮۳һ͵Ľɫ㣬Լڴо͸
ǿҲڱѾͷһ᲻͸㣡
뵽Ѿͷ¶һ˿Цݣ˫ֱ󣬼עҶȴҶӴ״̬˳ڼȻʹ񲻻ֱ٣ʱҲûΣա


1910 ׷
ʱݷ˾ֹҶڷвƮͷ˿ʳָȻƽƽ״̬Ѿһ죬ʼδֺ
ڣһ̾ϢĿ³ܳߣԲ仨ˮ飬ԲֵΣԲʦʦ䲻ʦԲ
˵δԲź֮һ֣Ҳֻдһ룡
һ̾Ȼȴ˷սǧ磬ÿһ̾Ϣ
̾ϢʼͷϿյĺƵ֮Ҳ˲ɢ˿Ȼ޴档
һУָԭݷʲôδһ
˶֪ղŵȷ˴£һܹӰ쵽δ顣
ʿɺƵ֮УȻ򣬶ѾõƿȻʣõ
Ҳʿȴԭֵĵ·ΪƵ֮ȻһΪ֮
еãʧ֮շһУӡ
⣬ϾһλµĴߵļʵĵһδܷ񴴵ɹǶΪ˼֤ߣң
ѾֱۣѾ˳˴״̬˫ȴԾɴһ˿ãҶ΢΢һЦһ㣬׼õŽ⣬ʱһǣֱӳҶü֮Уһš
϶ЩãýţǵԣҵԼĵҪһ̣ҲǶһ飬ٴҳֵĵĵģôϲ㣬֮·ϣһ󲽣޷ѣҲûʲôڵԵ״̬£ƽƽĹһ
֮УҲ޷ҵ㣡
ˣ˵Ҷ˵ˣҲʱ˵ټˣҶɱң
ֳڵʱеĽ𵶣Ȼһ쳹صĵ
֮УŨŨıˣƺǸܵԼǼĸ֮ģȻ˵ķԼȫֱʣ
飬𵶣˵һһǣʣҶ˹ȥ
ʱҶԾɴãȻǴĽɫǣȴǱܵһ㡣
һʼ֮ʣʹܹصĿֲϢ˽ɫ֮ϡ
ͬһ̶ˮһ㣬ͬһʯڳˮ֮УһȦȦ
˲䣬֮ϣͷһɫϸƣЩ·ǵصʱ򣬺Ȼһ죬ըͬѤõ̻һ㣬⣬˷
δߣ飬ڽԼһ
ʱһŨŨͯȻؼ𣺡磡
еĳһ㣬Ȼһͣ˿УҶǵ⣬Ǳܵٴһ㣬ʱָ󣬻һŹ㣬Ҷ˺ɽ֮С
һ֮Ҷ֮ɴãȻҡͷĹˣԶ߸ѾվӣǴ֮ɫӰ
ҡҡͷҶƺǵ˭ջĿ⣬֮Ǹ¶ľ޴ڶһεضֱӳǸڶ
ҶԽԽԶ֮еӺȻתͷΧ˵λܵãҲٺһȥˣΪѾߣ
˱˴˶һۺǸ΢΢һЦ磬ǲӣǹˣ˵Ҷǰил֮ҲԸ׷ҡ
һŮǽЦһͬεضֱ׷ԽԽԶҶԶԶǣҪٲ㣬ҿɾͲˣ
¶˻ĵЦݣһЦãˣ
ǣҶӰ֮󣬳ߵâȻϣͬߵһ㣬󣬳ĺڶ
ҶǵӰû˺ڶͬʱڶ֮жȻһ⣬ȻһɫľᣬǷ
˿̣ӭչɣأһɵӰͷŶʱƬеĸ֮УȽȽƮ⡣
ǸղűҶһָɢͽĹ㡣
Ƭ֮䣬й㣬ȫ뵽˷Уº£Ҳһ⣬Ǻڶ֮С
ͬʱ۹֮ڣһŮվһɽ֮ϣҲոմǹɺƵ֮İ֮»ָ˶
ȻǸ龫ֵŮӿڵ磬ղǹϢ֮УҺоϢ
һԵĿתͷһԼãķսȻԼʼ΢ĺǻ̫ѪɱȻɳ
ǰҲоˣϣɣĻʵʵǣ̫ˣ
һ̾Ҷ֮ӣⱲӣҶһսˣ


1911 һ
ӵĻո£֮ϺȻһ޴У֮УһŽȻ˶˵ͷ֮ϡ
֮УȻһɫľᡣ
Ưڿһһϵѹɢö˵һɽѹǵͷǵ嶼ֹסĲ
ˮһ̤ӲǵԼõǰͷ֮ϸֳһƬ̵ҶâҫƸ֣ͬͷųһΰֿ⸱ᡣ
Ȼһɲǣйâ͵ƣȫΪ촷ۣǱҶ֮ҲѸٳһơ
ӵƽ¶˿־֮ɫƬҶɲͨķǵԼ֮еһλԴ֮ĵƴڣ
⸱ᣬȴԵ磡
һӵҶ׻ٻæջڡ
ʱѹöҲ޷ֵ˫˫ڵأ
һ̣һ˿ŭͺ⣬̶һ֮ڣȻȺ¹ֻһε¹óϷһε¹ȴǱΣ
ʱһɣӾ֮дÿԸһԶش˷ս

ö˵ͬʱһȻڼĹϼ֪ߵĵھ죬һȺΪˣӵеķǣǸû뵽гһվȻ
ǵȴû˿ĻɣʹӸղҶ׵ı㱻ٵͲѿӦ١
Ĳֱ࣬ͬرһ
еݣӡ
һⲻ̤սĸĿһ񣬾ܳ
Ůӵȴǲ̫Ϊֻ𾪶ѣΪ͸粻̤ͬսֻΪѰһˣһǣƵˡ
˭
񣡡
򵥵һ֣ͰϵϣǶ˱͹µ壬ٴ½˼֡
ΪʲôǣУսʲô˼
һ񣬶˵Ǿջ󣬵û˶ʧȥǣҪе顣
ΪӵгʸطսǳΪսǧػߣ͹Ӷﵽ֮ǣԸ⣿
ӵٴһҪѿڶ˵Ը⡱ˣȻŮȴһ½ǡ
磬Ҳ
ٻش𣬴˵Ȼᣬѷ꣬ԸôѰˣ
ãܳΪôǵһԸʵ֣ӽļҽԶھ֮УκҲ޷亳ҶΪ֮Ҳ˺֮Ĳ࣬ǿѵ㻹Ը𣿡
ټ죬ȰοԼá
ԥƬ֮Ůӿֳǽڷڴĵ˵ͷԸ⣡
ûͷ¶ϲ֮ɫæ󺰵Ը⣡
ˣ
ǸɫȻ̯޷Գ˲ǧɣӲӣأ
дڷϣӴ֮λλһ񣡡
öϵѹʱɢһգվ˴˶һ֮һͷȳУ̿ľ֮ϡ
֮ϣ֣ǰһֻ֣þĿҲ޷֮£ֻܷӵʳָ֮ϣһ˸ŹߵĿհ֮дԼ֡
£
ţŮҲͬɵ֮ϣ֮дԼ֡
飡
ֳ֮󣬽ɫ֮ϣȻ⣬ö˰
һŨ˼µϢʱӿ˵ڣ˿ĸоԼľʵԷٶȣڽ
µѾ¶˾ϲ֮ɫʵ׷ĶղڸпԼⱲӿ¶ٺҶһսȻڣķֲ̾ź
ʱ˿̣ȫģԲѴ֮׻Ҷ
Ҷʲôһֻ϶ѣӽѾ벻ԼˣԼĿҪġ
һ̣µĿȻգһĿĽһţǵģֻ񣬲ʸΪԼĶ֡
±ȻҲǼΪ𾪣ȴûжٵϲûʲô֮ԴӦʵΪԼԸ
ң֪ΪʲôµУʼһŨŨĲϵڱ飬Ļһ
֮ʽöΪ񣬴Ӵ֮Ʒս


1912 Ҷ
֮ǴԼҪ׷Ѱĵ֮󣬱Ȼֵһι̣ĿģΪô߹̵ģᶨԼĵӶӼʵһ
Դ˵һλҲһֿ飡
֮УٴμᶨԼĵһԼʧĵģôǶԵ⣬Ƕʵӵ󲻵ľ޴ôпֱڶθ֮Уɹ
Ҫǣ̵У߻ᱻıκ˶޷ͨκΰ취֪̽䣬еĴҲ
ˣҶĵ٣֮г֣𣬴󷽷ȥȥ
ڿ飬Ͼ֮·ضԶûһżᶨĵģǲߵ̫Զģ޷̵УҵԼ׷Ѱĵ˵ĵǾڵĲȣʧܣ
Ǹʱ򣬴ߵݾͻʧȡ֮ģһδߵ͵
ڵ֮У߻ʧĵ״̬֮Уڵһм䶼ʱգʵڡ
ҶڽǺڶһɲǣЩϢĴԺ֮ǰ͸Ƿݸ
ĬĬݸҶĵĿʼʧһƻƮ
ߵɫâ棬ǾӴ֮׷ҶĲӡ
ȫʧ֮Ҷ۾ȴǽıȻһؼң
ǵܹ֮֮дǰ֮£κεطȻңҲҶΪĵط
ˣǰĺڰ֮УȻһ֮ҶжȻðɣ磡
ΪֹҶѾʽ˷ս˲Ϣ֮䣬Խռ䣬ص˼ĺļҡ

磡
磬ȸ½Ѿһȡ½ΪǿĴ½
ȸ½ϵĵһɣȺڣͬҶĳŵһΪڵɣӳ
ԭ˳ȴΪ˳뿪̰֮󣬸÷ɽΪ׵İ˴鳾֣÷ɽѾ˰֮ټϰӣȷųʵ
ܶ˶֪ȥȺ֮⣬ڣʵȨƵҶң
ȻҶԾɰһΪҶС֮ϣǷڣҶʲôʱ磬ȺڵԵš
̰÷ɽˣûµʱ򻹾Ҷסһʱ䡣
ҶңѾռǸɽ֮УסһݷǶΪҶҵ˽أԭҲȫϲһ
ݷǣǹ鳾ĸ֣Ͷˣڸɣ塣
ôǿ˵ˣҪ˴ٽĻҲ顣
֮Ҷҵǿ󣬾Ƿŵǧ統УҲһġ
֮Ҷң֮ԴȺڣ֮ȸ½ܹӵнĵλʵһУȫΪһˡ
Ҷ
֣ڣһ棬¼Ѿ˱˹£ˣǺӣ֪塣
ʱ˿̣Ҷլ֮УվŶʮˣվǰģһλͷ׵ˣվһԷ򸾡
˵Ŀ⣬̧ͷգΪˣŹݺϣ˲ɣͻ֮ɫ
ҶҵļҶԪ
ԷޣֱҶƷɷޣҲҶĸĸ
ˣҶֱϵгԱ
ҶĴҶ죬ҶڣҶҶᣬܵҶҶҶԼǸԵĺӡ
죬Ҷ뿪Ҷң뿪ʮӣ
ʮָ꣬һӼ䣡
ÿʱҶˣںηǷڱչأϵһΡ
ÿĬĬգԼҶ֣ϣгһܹǸϤӰǵǰ
ǣЩǵĺһδεʧȴһδεգǸϤҶһֱûгֹ
ʲôʱŻ
˵һʮСкϴһ˿ΪȻѾﵽ˳һأ
ԱһŨü۵˺ݺݵĵһ۵죡
Скʱͣ¶ί֮ɫȴҷ
ҶԪתͷǸӣ¶֮ɫСʱ㻹Ƥûٱүүᣡ
꺺Ӷʱ¶Ц֮ɫүүôСҪ軵ˡ
Ȼô˵ȴǳԺΪԼʲôԼĶȴǸԼ˿ʮ꣬۳磬Ƕ֮
ȴ̾˿ʲô磬С㰡
ˣˣҳԷɣ
ҶԪ˻֣ʾ׼ԷȻʱ֮ȻһУ֮У˰˸Ӱ


1913 ֮ɱ
֮ϳֵľ޴У磬ΧļС磬ҲоһٰͬǿϢ
Ȼ˶һ߳˷䣬̧ͷȥȴûһܹ֮еʲô
Ҷ֮Уͬһһ㣬Ӹµĸ·Ϥ硣
Լĸ
ȻҶϣǴʱ˿̣ᵽҶĸо
ҪңԣȫΪûҵ֡
ҶڲӵĶ߸˱˴˶һۣΪ
Ҫ֪ԭȾĸ֣Ҷĸ֮£ʵͻƣѾǰֻ
˽ʿ޿
Ҷһ仰֮ǵʵо綼ֻѹƵ鳾£޷ˣȻʵǿ˵
ڷ˽磬ûκܹ͸ǵʵ
Ҷ˿ȫһͨˣڸû˿
ͳ㣬ҲòӾ岻ѣշ磬ĸ֮
Ҷ˲串磬ȸ½ҶеҶլԼլ֮УʮͷۿϤӰ
ңҶˣ
Ҷһ֮ʧҲǽ档
֮䣬ѾָƽȻʿже֣ղŵô£ûһ֪Ѿаǿ޷ˣѾ硣
ҶӰʧɲǣ֮ͻȻһ֮ǵҶ뿪ʱ򣬽ħ󷨣µһ󣬲κη˽ʿ硣
¹ѾҲãԣ㽫󷨸һĨȥ
ͬʱ
ǳޱߺɫ֮أͷ˫ǣߴɵǸֲӰȻһŭ𣺡Ȼʧˣ
ͷϷһĽдһɣ֮ܵʧҲֻû뵽֮Ȼ˹Ҷ֮Ȼ޷ƿ»Ҫһʱ䡣
ȻɱǣӵȲˣ
Ӱ֮ȻֲϢĿд졣
ħ̼֮ٻ֮̿ʼɱҶպ֮ˣ죬磬ȫɱ⣡
һΪķ磬þһа취ƿͨٵ磡
ħ𣬴ʱ˿̣֮УӰ˫֮У׷һ˿Ѫɫâţһڸ֮
Ⱥ˻ȺħХ
ɣȵħ˵֮ſڵ̼ҿǺڰ֮ĺˣ˴ɱ֮ˣѵҪ˺𣿡
ߣڰ֮ںڰ֮Уʲôƨͣ־ˣҪǸҳֻ֮˵ĻӲһɱˣ
ɣһ̾Ϣߵһף񴴵ҲѾ֣Ǹһ¶⣬αɱأ
ܣʲȥ
ðɣҲܣҼƿܹ֮ɱҶˣҶҲпܻؼˡ
Ǿ͸ˣÿдˣʲôߣһδ֮ǰʼվһֻϣ

캣ң
ںܾǰ;еƺԼ֮Ҫʲô£˼ȥȴҲ벻ҪʲôֻΪڷսеɺĺѩΣա
ˣҲûκΰ취սѾȫʧκ˶޷ٽС
ӦòΣհɣ˵߶г߸棬ΪڰһƼҸ֣ɷʵǲҪǣƼħˣ֮£˴ı˭ҶǣһҶˡ
ʱһŵͻȻӸңң峤峤ˣˣˣȫˣ
һӰֱӳ嵽ǰѪ߰ߣ˿־壬ʧ̬̲סüͷһ˻ţɺͳ׳ʲô£
ƣƼҵˣˣˣڸղţ֮еʮƼˣͻȻͬһ֣̼ɱʮˡ
һٵ洫ˣ峤ˣƼͻȻ㳲ɱˣ
Ȼվһɱ䡱֮ڵжͬŵҼˣҲ˲䱻ɱըƬ
һѪȵרպҶ֮˵ɱĻңԷ֮ƣ죬Լ˽ϯȥ

үүˣ


1914 
үү󲮣塭ˣ
լ֮еʮҶˣȫǵķӦҲȫһ£Ǿ̣
һ̣ʱݷլ֮оֹʮվû˿綼Ϣͣ
֮ҶԪһ˫ĿãȻĿԼĺˣʵǣ𣿡
˶عͬãȻȴͷǶˡ
ǶǶˣ
ĸģ߽ͬһ㣬૳űŲĵŴȥҶƷɸԼӵߣս޶һ㣬Ҫɤۡ
ˣһ֮ȫ˳ȥ
ҶլŴ󿪣⣬һѪɫˣ̬ĹҶլ棬Դڵ档
˵׿⣬߸ӰվһȻͬһ㣬ʵһһǵɨ֮£һֻɳδ£Ҳ޷˵طֺ
ˣҶ
ҵӣʮڻؼң
Ƕ

磡
ܣ
ڶݵĳ֮Уһ˾ϲĺҶ˵ĿзʮӰͬһʱ̳˳ȥ
𣡡
ԼӵٴΣÿ֮󣬱ʧĺ£ⲻһΡ
ң
ҶʵĴҶգһ̣ųţⲻΣԼĶӣҶĻˣ
ΧһϤˣԶԶվţҿȴź֮ɫİףҶ˲䱻һůġ

һĲϵȻȺ֮
ҶˣҶƷɺͶ죬ҲǼæվһԣÿһ·
·ľͷҶҵļҶԪ˫Ŀֱվ
үүˣ
ҶĶҶԪȥصͷ¡
֮·Ҷ죬أֻݳˡ
ҶԪȻѾһʮˣȴųһصľ磬ӹǷǳӲʣ۲
ʱ˿̣Լ˼ĺӣʮɣȻе㲻š
ֱҶͷ֮ŶȻǣߵҶߣ˫֣Ĳ
ͺã˰ɣߣԷ
ƽƽ򵥵һ仰Ҷ˵ȴ̫̫ã˿̱ӾȻһ㣬΢΢һ
ĳطΪҶԪ仰Ҳһ΢Ĳ
ֻ֮ǻôԼĵ˺ʹйصĶǣֵĵ֮
İԵĵ֮˰Ҷͬ飬ֻҪɰԡٴѣ
Է
ҶЦݣ˫ֲҶԪլ֮ȥҶ˶ಽĽ棬ÿ˵϶ŷĵЦݡ
լҶļңĵطҲҶ˳ĵطɳļ䡣
ȻҶĲ׳󰡣ſ͵ԽԽ࣬òסأǣլҶʱ򣬻Ҷ뿪֮󣬶ʼձţڣҶԪס
լеһУȻҲǿ˲ãȻǰһģһֻһµĺۼ
ҶʱתͷΧһУʱϤļ䣬һһԺи֡
˷ǣ
Ȼﻹû䣬ˣȴˡ
үүĸ󲮣壬ȫˣһ˻ˣǵĺȴѾˡ
Ƥûٰ˫̥ܵܣҶҶھѳɼҵҲԼĺӡ
Ҷ۰ҶͬѾˣһͷԵĶӡ
ҶĺӸѾҪ֮꣬ȥҶҪԵòϼ֡
ҶŮҲѾˣ΢΢¡Ȼ
һУҶȻһֲɣ֮Уһ˵ȥȴһ˵⣬ɣ
һꡣ
ʿҪȷ˾ԶĶ࣬ǣ³ΪϵҲҪһ죬ǷĴڣ

һŵͻȻ𣬽Ҷ˼˻ѭȥһʮСкĿԼ
ҶڵΪһɨ֪ҶĶӣʸţʮѣѾ۳˳㵱ԼӵѪҲ˺üꡣ
΢΢һЦҶ˹ȥӵʲô֣
Скŵ㽾ͦţĵҽҶ
ҶǴ֡
ҶҶһâѾ˾ӣΪҶҼԼ֮ϣ


1915 һ컯
һˣ¿ʼԷԭҶԪ涨ʳԵĹأڽҲʱ׵Ժÿ˶˵ŻҶԪЦݵĿˡ
˿̣Ϊ㣡
˵ԸѾʵ֣ң͵󣬶ڹȥʱںЩʲôȨƣʲôǿ󣬶ķ£ڣں飬Ҷ£ףڣĵط
ǰҶҵĺӹĻޣԴҶߺǵ涨ϴߴźǸϽˡ
ãҶҵĵҪˣʱͬãҲԺЦĿˡ
ÿ˵ĶǹҶЩҲҶҪ֪ģʼ΢ЦҶҵ״Ҳ˸µ˽⡣
һУҲ֮УĴټϴȺڣһڵɵȫ֧֣Ҷң벻չѡ
˵һʱѾ˵ҶȻͷԵһ䣺磬ɩأ
һ仰ʱøղܰԲһɨգеÿ˶Ǳʩչ˶һȥĿͣ˰գľƱߣȴʼյȥ
ʵҶԪڿҶĵһʱȻ֪϶ԼıӣǾʵȴķˣҶƺһˣǺ۵ķˣҶɢƣҲҪǿĶࡣ
ҪǣҶˣʲô
ֻǣôҲ벻ԣУȻ֪ҶʮƯӣζȹģȴҲҿڡ
ò˵Ѫӵеΰ޷ģҶԪһֻгĵͽʿȻܹΪҶϣʲô޷һ顣
ҶԪȻݺݵĵҶһۣпصһš
žһ죬ڽظɢҶȴ΢΢һЦҶԪ֮ǰԼĻԵĿǰڱչء

ﶼǳĳ˿ҶҲæͷƴĵ˼ھƣԼȻӿ
ʮ⻹үүһɢ֮
ȻɢȥǰȴǻزȥˣҶȴ̸ЦѯԼĵã÷ֶӣֶϱǵ֡
ÿ˶õҶͳ
Ҷݣһ֣ڷ˽Ƕ˲õĴڣȻ̫õĶ᲻ãĻǺǡ
ǿɨ֮󣬸ÿǷȱԵͳȥ
ҶŮе鲻ܲͳһԪĵҩҶĶӣǿͳһ˽綥
֮ÿõ˵ҲڻҪԣǵĳɳΪǾͻԽԽЩıһˡ
ֻһˣҶҶû͸κεСϸߣί
ҶЦеҶԴСһʱδ㱣֤һ컯
һ컯
ĸֱ֣ĵһ㣬ÿ˵УҶޣ˫֮ж
ҶǺˣ
ҶĿи߸ϵҪ͸Ҷһ컯ǻ˵
Ȼڵ۽޷Ҷӵкֵ컯
ҶˣǺҶͬЩӣȻĽȴû˲ʼ֮ġ
⣬Ҷĵط
ļˣ
һֱԵҹ˲ɢȥȻûһԸ뿪ҶԪ֮£ȴǹԹԵȥҶͶҲˡ
ҶɻصǸ䣬һʮ꣬һͬûκεĸı䣬һŻҳûС
ҶһӣһѾǰ
Լĸ׶죬ÿһΣִɨ䣬ҶùЩëʣЩʱľ£ıÿ춼ῴƬ̣У޵顣
ԼĸףҶٴδһ˿΢Ĳ
ҶЬ£ԼĴϣ۾
ʮʽ̤·һֱڣʮʱȥһΣͬһһȵ֮С
ǣһ˿Цݡ
Ҷ˯ͬʱҶȴۼڴ֮УҶԪɫأŭĿ⻺ĴÿһҶ˵ƹ
ڿʼκˣƷɣ׼򶫶ѯʣʮľ˭һ֣ҷź򣡡


1916 ٴԶ
Ҷլ֮ס
ҶԪҲûнҶ֮ɢȥĪĸĸڵսĪᶼû֪ͨ
Ҷ˸ؿƿ
ҶǺԼһںʱҲһԿȴ໰ֻǴЦݣĹۿ
һξһµʱȥһУҶˣѾҶΪǿĸ֣ΪҶ֮󣬸һͨûʩչ
ҶӣҪҶ¶һֵʱҲЦеķ˹ȥ
һҶ˵жðһ뷨ǾҶƺѾɥʧȫΪΪһˣ
뷨ոճֵʱÿ˶޷ܣҰοΪҶʵ̫ǿˣΪԼ˿ѡ
ʱţ뷨˵ԽԽģÿ˶Կ϶ҶϿ϶ʲôıʣһΪʧ׵±һˡ
ܵӰ죬Ͼ͵ĻҲʮ꣬ڷ֮Ҳǻߡ
ˣŻؼңҪԼʱ⣬ͼ˾Ķɹ
Ҷÿ˵ͷʼĳģǵҶ벻Ͼ˵һǿߵһˣڵǱɷˣҲ޷ܡ
ǣҶҶҶ⼸ҶֵܣðűҷźΣգʼòİοҶ
һУҶҲֻЦеţ֮صͷʾԼ֪ˡ
ʵҶΪȻûʧֻҪԸ⣬֮䣬׵Ļٵһ硣
ֻǣҶصҵһ̣ҲˣԼһʲô
һԼ˵ǳǳҪԼһ׷Ķ
ϧԼҲ벻ڵһãһֶδãڽκͼ˹ͬʱ䣬˼
ǲҪˣе˵һôûС
µʱȥҶͻȻ˵Ҫȥߣ˳Ҳݷһ¼λѡ
ʵҪȴҶ˵Ȼ󲨣ǸţҶ޶࣬Ҫȥһѡ
ǣҲܲͬ⣬Ҷܾ˵ִͬҪһǰ֮£ֻ
ҶԪͳһƽУҶִ֣ڵˣҪӵġ
ãҶҲֱܾ뻳
Щ̲ϰɣһ⻨Ǯĵطܶࡣ
ӵĽԹһˡ
磬Ҫĸ߰ݷԶ֮ڣ֪ҵ֣ʱĸ۵ĸ㣬ͱҵ֡
Ҷͷ϶ѾûΪУԾżҲκ۸硣
ãСȻˡ
ҶЦеĳС˴Ĵָ
ڼҴµҶٴ뿪˼ңʼ˶ԵУȻȷҪݷùˣĿģϣεԶУҵԼȱʧĶ
ҶˣһֱҶͳҶֱҶȥʱǲ뿪
ȥ·ϣҶʵ̲סˣҶԪүүǲʣΪʲôʣǡ
С죡Ҷ߳ԼĶӡ
ҶԪ˰ֵҲʣҲʣѾһˣ֪ʲôҲΪԣģܵ˺ʱܵסԶǵˣҶҵˣ

Ҷ뿪Ҷ֮Ȼͣ½ŲǲøˣҶңܾãʱ䣬ʲô·ģӦңϻģ
߸Ӱͣ˽ŲҶһѸʧ
ȻǲӣǶҶĹֻǣҶһ仰ȴе޷š
һѣʲô飬Լ޷Ӧ
Ҷ뿪ҵһ̣ǧе磬һʮλҲˡ
磬ʼڶеһԸʹΪͨķ磬壬һ࣬磬壬޴档
Щʼйע磬֮ǰǺȻ֣ʼ⣬ͷޱȵľ޴󷨣ͻȻ
һ͵һ״̬˴š
οǸΪҶĿֲ࣬Ӧھ֮Уô˵һǧѷһѩǰܵĺûᡣ
ˣεԶ
һΣ¶ģҪԼĸҪҶң׵ı˳裡


1917 һ
Ҷѡ·ߣһ뿪ңǰٺ·ߣʶ˺ǣʶһļżңң˺Ƹ
ˣ·ߣһ顣
ȻҶٶȲ죬ǽµĴȴԶὫ̣һǰǧ֮ң
˲Ϣ֮䣬㵽żңżҵļλˣעһҶ뿪ǰٺ
ҵĹˣֻͬͬԹһĿһ֮ٶǰС
۳ĺߣǽʮû˿ıĴ󺣣ĳ˼ڸɴһƨɾ˰ߣĹۿ
ӿٸٴˣȴҶһˮ飬Ҷ󺣲ͬһռһ
죬Եˮմ
һҹ
֮Ҷվת뿪
ҶûȥκεĹѣ̶̰֮䣬㼣Ѿ鲼ȸ½Ǽ֮صĴѩԭǼ֮صĻĮǼ֮صĴ֣Ӱ
ֻǿֻ룬ûκΪ
һ죬ٴ̣ȸ½֮ϵʱһȻ̧ͷա
һ˫۾ȻԽĿռϡ
ʱ˿̣ʮλѾ֮⣬վǰһˣͷ綷һԴȻΣȴΣǿʡԻʡ
ʱԻʾ׼һɱҶΪ˵ͻȻ٣ԼӰغʦ֣֮ĴսûвֵĻᡣ
Ȼǰ˶ɱҶҲ˻죬Ǵ֮ԻӰǰ
ȻҶޣεԶҲʣǰ
˿̣ǰԻٴλ˵һĻͷųĺ⣬һӣָ巢ʱ
ͻȻһĿ⣬ݷԽ˾ʮأӡ˫Ŀ֮С
ĿʵΪƽͣû˿Ĳһ·֮ˣǣĵɨһۡ
ȻһۣԻʵУȴ˹ף¡죬ʱһƬհס
Ŀ⣬ֱһ޼᲻ݵľֱƿԻʵüģݺݵײ֮ϡ
Իʵʱһű㲻ܿƵĲһִδйΣУ˲ȫ£ов
Կ϶ĿֻҪٶԼ࿴һϢ׵ĽԼĨ׵Ĩ
ð֮ԻǼѾڻع飬ҵֽűѾˮȫʪ͸
⣬ǣ˭Ŀ⣡̫̫ˣǵˣҲйָоѵѵһλΪǿĴ𣿡
ԻȻģҲçײ֮ˣǻͻȻʧɻԣ֮ǰѾɳȷ棬ϸĴ̽
ȷڲκߣģһλ˵ʿѣŸǰ
ǵĿ⣬ȴʵǻþ
ԻʵɫʱѾ⣬ھ뿪ôԻʣԻΪ磬ʷһЦҵһʡ
᲻ԼĴ
ԻԼ޷ŵɰοԼ
ԻʴˣǺʱʼ
ʱһλʳʵ
ԻĿһۺһ˿Цڣ
Իʵһ£ʮλʣ̴Լ£壬춯صź֮硣
Ҷլ֮Уϥ߸ӰѾֻ֪ȺǿĴǵУһȺһ㣬ǵ˿Ȥ
ңҶҪǵֻǱҶң˵û˿Ĺϵ
ֻҪȺϲ᲻۵ҪԸҶңôȻҲ֣
ͬʱȺ֮ڣʵΪǿ÷ɽ񣬻Ȼ۾˵ľ磬ҲĴڡ
ʵǰı֪ˣϧ֪˭ģ뵽ҶԼģΪӦǴת޵ˣͬԪޣȻˡ
Ȼû˴ȴ˿ţΪ磬ҲǵǸ׸ߡ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷ뿪ǰĳ֣ѾڵָһֿǰŨĳ̶ȣʿ࣬ɳ
Ȼڣǳ֮ȴʱóԣվɽ֮ϣԼңң˳ȥеϮʿ׼ӭУ


1918 
磬ܹһ֣ˣͬҲ硣
ʱӭеľҶ
ҶĴ֮£˻Ϊ㣬ƣڳɹĽȺͳͳɱֻǣҲ˳صĴۡ
Ҳйһο̿ĵľʿͼΣܷͼǿҼΪŽᡣ
˿̣÷ɽһ㣬˷ȥԽԽ죬ԽԽ
¡
ձӲ˺ѿһ޴Ŀӣ巢춯ص˻֮ӿ֮ӿ롣
һʱ֮䣬ƺգָ׺ռݣ飬ǵأ֮ĵ׵
ʮλʳǰ˴˼һۣΪǷ֣ԻʲûиŽ룬Ծɴ֮⡣
ʱѾû˼ȥԻˣǵļƻĵһսȴǸΪҶļ忪ʼ
Ҷ֮ңںδ˵ǲ
һλʷͬը죬ա
з˾ٵĶ㵽Уû˸ʱͷ¶档
Ⱥϣղ÷ɽһ֮£Ѿյ˳뿪֮ʱµһɽ󣬰һ飬Ѹٲ֪ǧ
ÿ侪ңȻȻƽѾεĲ
̰ںڶ̫ϳҲѾȫ֣ɽۣɫء
ͬʱڣ½֮鳾ϵʿҲȫԵԵԴ
ǣȴûκһ˻شʡ
ҶĴ棬ÿǸ߸ϵػǵȻ׵ĽҶҵλ˵
һ飬Ҷļû˵ĻǾͱǴɱˣ
һλ¶֮ɫͬʱһУһֻצֱӽʿӵץ˿С
˵ҶļȻɱǣ
ʿʵߵĲųܹʵĶ֣˿̱㵽Уÿ˵ϣȴž֮ɫȻǲ׼˵Ҷļںδ
ͬʱҶӰһƫƧС֮УղͻȻ֣ķǴң׷׶ٶȳ˸ԵļС
֮ϣǽһƬ
ȻƬǽ֮УȴһССӰҶע
һƴССһ׺ĳëݹᾣһǸոճûõ˹
ߵʱȴȺ֮СĵĴһ֮ǰɢ֮Уһҧסһ弸Ҫ飬һ򣬼ѵǶС
СҶע⡣
Ҫ֪֮ϳֵĿ壡
֮УϸĵȼƶȣǿʳǿΪ񵱳ĺǣΪޣ֮ǰ֮ϻҲùԹԵſڵϡ
һֶڱԼǿڵıܵη壬еġ
˵ô֣ΪС˵жˣпֱܱǣȴǴҶһ⡣
Ҳͬη壬ȴԾҧǿ⣬ƴƶš
ʲôܹ˷бܵη壬ѵΪ𣿡
ҶĸС󣬸ûп֮ϵ塣
Сһ·ѵܶţоҶĸ棬عͷ¶η֮ɫǺȴǷ֮ƺھҶҪٿԼ
֮СǰС
Ҷ΢΢һЦʧ֮У档
ڣǰһõСзء֮ȻĿĵء
УҶһĸͬĺڰĳëֻȴǲڱ֮ŸɺԵķϵѪգһϢ
СĽϵ˴󹷵ǰȻԼԴĹŴ󹷵Դзͬġء֮
ԭСΪĸףԲŻ˶ֻŵ£˷бܵη壬ΪԼĸ׵⣬ϣԼĸܹ£ܹվܹԼߡ
ϧ󹷵ʵ̫ˣС΢΢۾ԼͷģСԴ֮ϡ
Ŀ⣡
ҶȻסˣ֮ǰոտĿ⣬ԼĸΪԼɨ䣬ڿԼùĶʱ¶Ŀ⣡
ĸ
һ̣Ҷ֮ٴδһεĲǰҪҲҵĶࡣ
ʱвʿȻӿͬ£ŵСʹ󹷵嶼ͬʱһ
ҶȻת˿Ŀ⣬塣

ûбŭû˻ֻǴҶĿƽƽ³֣
֣ȴǻκˣ裬֮ռƬƬѣͬһ㣬ֱӳ壡


1919 һ֮
֮ϵ壬ʮλʣλе壬һ̣жֻʣһ֡

ǵ꣬ݷؾݷ𱻵鴵Ϯ鲻Խˣͷɣ޷ֹͣ
˲Ϣ֮䣬壬ȻѾȫǽǸ޴Ŀռѷ죬˳⡣
һ֮壡
⻹ͨˣǽӲһ磬֮У
壬ȫѾɵÿ˵϶Ŵ֮ɫȫ֪׷ʲô顣
ֻǴʹ֮вѪʶˣһΪֲĴڡ
һɱͬһĳǿߣ
Ȼλǿ飬ǽ磬ȻĻȫԽȫ׵ĴĨȥ
ˣ
Ǳ֪˸ΪǿĴڡ
ûг磬׼嵱ӣ̽һڵ޸ִڵԻʣڿǰ𺳵ĳʱв¶ŨŨĺºͽңҲ룬תߡ
ʱʮλҲعڷӴܵԻʣ뵽ǰԻԼ磬еľٶǶʱ׹
Իʿ϶֪гǿߣֻ޷϶ԲŽԼ˵ӣ̽һ¡
Իʣ
һȻŭĺȻԻʵȷÿ˶ǿʮʼһɾͲͬˡ
ԻĽǣԾڷƴӴܣΪ֪ΪΣкȻӿһǰδеΣƺһԼͷʱ¡
Ȼˣͱˣ
ȻһԻʵǰԻʶʱɲסΣǸֵ֪ĺ󺺣еΣиӵǿҡ
󺺣ԻʣԼڷϹ壬ҡҡͷ˵һѵ磬ֻɱӺˡ
ˣȻǲеĵһӣ棡
ЩǵģǵҶһִ֮žյҶų֣סԻʡ
ǰϹˣ֪ǰڴ˾ޣð̧֮֡
ƽȴͬΡɽһ㣬߲ʵĳ棬ԻʷǳԼǴ˶֣ԼæҰԼݣϣԷܹϹĹԼһ
ϧˣ
֮УеѪԵ࣬Ϲ֮䶼ͷԣԻʵ仰ǼԼ
Ϲ壡΢΢һ¶һ˿Цˣ
ǰ
Իʼ˵꣬ѾĴ˿
һһ޼᲻ݵ磬ס˾ʧԻʣһ̣ξѾ鿪ޡ
ȻʵȲҶΪֻ̤˵ԸԻʣһӶˡ
ʱѾԶԶͣ£ÿ˵ж¶˾֮ɫȴû˸ߣֵֻ̿Ķų棬һȺ׸ڵȴ˵һ
ɨһۣ̾˿ˣɱʣʵɱˡ
ԸһȺϣûʲôȤ
£ָһĨʮ𣬲Իʵĺ󳾡
һ֮󣬳濴ʣµ壬Ȼһָǽأ
ʧˣ
壬ԭأ֮󣬲𽥵ѹһʱͬһԷһĲҽУ̷׷ʩչֶΣæյ
磬Ӵ֮󣬶ΪеĽأǵľ磬ҲΪҶһ׷׵䣬һӣҲ粽ѽ
磬ͬ磬Ҳ½֪顣
ǣ磬ΪǧϵĴڣ
һֱҶʧ֮󣬲иı䣬ֻȻҶˣǸʱһҶͻȻ֣Ҷ
ĴϮͻȻʧʿ˵ȫĪΪǲҶһ֡
ô˵ⶼһ£Ȼ粻η֣һչսȻŲҵ˭úõĻȥأ
Ȼ뿪ˣʿǣ÷ɽָ֮£ԾԴƴԷ⡣
һ֮Уܿ죬˸߽ʿ֮⣬ˣǷˣ½顣
ֻҪһ죬ôҪҪΪæµ
ϵ˵æµȴǶһķ羰
ķѾõУȻסһòӢͨˣǸ˵ߣʼոֻһһСڰĳë


1920 СѰ
˵ĳ֣һСĺ䶯ǲٴֹеŮӣڼ֮󣬶ˡ
ֻϧ˵ԴƺãҺǸưͣʹֻڴС֮Ҵܣʱ򣬶ڵһ׾һ죬˺ĹȥۿȻڿϰҡ
ȲԣҲȣ֣ȥתϻϢ˵ĸоƺѰʲô
ģ˵Ĳ²Ͷ
˵ĳŵǹӣΪе䣬ˣǹǹɸһȵİڣҲ֣һɫĳʼձһȾһ˿嶼ûУõ֤
˵ǸеʿѰĳǰ书ؼҪ޵þ书¡
˵Ǻ˴ˣҪССһʱ䡣
Щֲ²⣬ʼûиκεĻӦȻÿҹ䡣
СҲĵһЩǻᾭ͵Եĸˣ̿
Ҳ߲ܣͽ£ȻűһЦǻӦ
ʱţתۼ䣬Ѿס˰ʱ䣬Ͽ˵˲ʶ
ңֵǣʱ䣬ϵĻԽԽã˵ĻѾһˮأ
˵壬ȻԽԽãҲûЩ޽ˣҲ漣Ķһʱ䡣
Ȼǲ֪ԭ򣬵ֱ仯ģˣǵ˶˷𾴡
ˣȻҶ
ֵ죬ΪСʹ֮ĸ飬ͳ־Ȼ˴󹷡
Ҫ뿪ʱСȴҧסĿţȻѾǧ飬ϵĽűߣ˫С۾֮У¶ڴ
ΪСٶٴҶԣסֻΪϵһˡ
ʱ䣬ʼѰңѰԼʧĵģŷǳ򵥵
ƽˮȴ飬ʼһ˿˿Լɱ¾æµ
ԼʿˣԶԶЩǵߴڡ
±һˣѾԶȥķһȺ֮У벻ѰԼʧĶ
죬ڴСκһܹ飬귢飬ͣ½ŲפԹۡ
ϣص쿴ҹգ˼
ڻı仯ȻҲģʧģҲϾǴߣǰڵĸһһжͬϡ
ֵϣǱĬĸıڵĻŨ˼¡
СѾҲҶΪȡ֣СѰ
ĸѾ޼Ҳȫ縺ԼΪӵ
ȥΪĸףΪҶѰʳĸ׵ʱͦηĳŶԷ˻޷˵ĳȥͶԷ˺ҧ
ļֺͣѾΪϵĵһڶ֮Уǵ
ҹСѰһӣ˳ĻصɲʳһĽҶܳʱģΪĹ͸ġ
ڣÿ˶֪СѰҶʵĶԻҶߣԣҲΪ˺ܶమĽҶˣӽҶһ;
ӣСѰŴǶ˵ζʮָˣ֮һµŹǺһ㡣
˲ԶԻЩᱻĸ׷ʳ죬ĸֿԺúõıһ١
ֻǣСѰҲе㵣ǣΪ죬ĸ׵ɫǺܺãſö
ϣĸܸϿȥһһ˵ߣڴСпֵıߡ
СѰŲļӿ죬ԽԽȻв֪ΪΣȴǺȻһ˿Ӱ
ڣϤӰʱеӣȴǡॡ˵ϡ
ӣĽ£ֻһľ

СѰĿзһУĳ˹ȥڵ֪ʲôָоͬ˯һĸףԶ뿪ԼҲԼ˵ߡ
ҶɫƽĿŴ󹷵ʬ壬ϴת˻СѰ
ʵ־Ȼ󹷵ʱ֪һ٣Ϊ󹷵Ԫ޶ࡣ
ƿΣԪҶȴûκεİ취˵ˣǸ߸ϵǣҲͬûа취
ĵҩУԴ󹷵壬޷ܵҩǿϾеĶ
˵󹷵ԪǰѾǸҶߣֶ£ǽ죬ڻˡ
ԴˣҶҲΪֻܾߣͬһĦԴ֮ʱеį
ʱ֮͸óȻû뵽󹷵ȴһɾ˵ȻǱðʱǰ͸ɢӲӳ˰ʱֱСѰ֮УǹɢҲں۾
أ
СѰıҶĶ𣬶ҶԺ֮ȴǻصŴ֮ǰڵԼ
һ̣Ҷֻзһ죬˫֮Ŀľ⣬ٴδʷΪҵ𵴡
ˣ
֮ϣһҡ
֮


1921 
ˣҶΪһӣˣȻСѰԴСѰܸ컻أ赲ţĸˣҲˣ
һСѰҶߣȻҶһˣǸ۲۵ˣһλʧĴߣʼնɢһСѰоĶֶСѰǱĬ֮½
СѰ֮УʵѾ֮·
ⲢҶСѰԼ׷ģֻ˵һж˳Ȼˮɡ
ֻǶ޷͸ĶƶǶ
һҹСѰſССķذǰ˫۾Զݷһһ
ҶվСѰԱߣͬͬһ㣬һ
һһֱɫ
СѰĸ׸߰ɣ
ҶѾס˰꣬죬Ϊ󹷵ܵһִδй𺳣٣µҡ
ҶûмˣߵѣľƵ
ʱҲ𺳣ǸǷŭǸʱֻǸˣȻڣˣʧĵߡ
ֻĳϦ飬벻룬ǵԼĻ飬ΪǷ࣬ҪԼһȣУƽȵġ
񣬴󹷵İûзŭûвʣеģֻǱˣеģֻ飬֮£ɹᵽʵ塣
۽;ĲͬվԽߣԽԶ֪Խ֪࣬δ֪ʵࡣ
ڣ֪Ҳû˿ĵطԣ뿪ȥѰԼȱʧĶ
ҶĻСѰվĸ׵Ĺз˱˵ġء֮ҶĿ֮УԾɳڴ
Ҷ̾˿Ҫҽĸ׵ķĹһ뿪
СѰͷ
΢һҶͷã㣡
һӣŴʬƬذ뱻һӴ֮и˿ҶĿռ䳾֮С
һĻСѰʱһмĽŸҶ󣬴󲽶С
΢΢ĳأҶСѰȻ뿪Ѿס˰
ͬĵһ뿪ˡ
ȷѾ뿪֮ϵжӿһԵʧ䡣
λзĳŮղ費˼룬ֻվڴǰճյĶϤĴСУȴվһϤӰ
Ҷ뿪֮ĵ죬ϱߵ֮ϣȻһȺˣʮ
ȺΪ͵Ķﵽ˳ΪߵĸѾ鳾
һȺħߣΪʿħɶܵ񹲷ߵĹֻܶɽ֮Уͷ¶档
ǣһʱ䣬ԭס֮ص𽥿ݽߣǲòѰĵط
ԶԶģǾͿ򣬶ʱÿ˶ˣ
ΪǰС̲صȻŨͬҪγˮһ㡣
ңҼǵһǰҾʱôһ겻ô
һſڽĵ
ӣүڰǣԸһˮأһߣ¶΢Ц֮ɫӽ쿪ʼͽУ
Щأ
ˣʸסֵطûӺõģеĻĨȥΪӣûеĻǵĻǳȡ
һ΢΢еձƤЦĵЩƻŮܲ͸Ұٺ٣ֻҪٶȡʮԪҾͻƵ鳾ˡ
ԣ
лл
һȺ޼ɵĴЦУȥ
񣬴˿̶Ҷȥֵʧ֮У뵽һѼ١
Ⱥħߣ֮£ܿʶһɨȷ˴κʿ֮󣬶ʱҲƲסԷֿոԵϲãУ
ѽ٣˲˼
׳ֱ꣬ӱɱǵĻһźɫĴУ
ӣʺõģǿĨȥ䣬Ϊħ޵ͽܣǵĴУ
ʲģǱһȳħҪȥ
ŮеɫŮˣһ䣬ȫǸձץߣУǸ
ɱģ˵ֵܹһħޣϱһģʱҧԾɶûˣˡ
һʱ䣬ԭ㣬ǧ˿ڵ򣬾ͱһ˼Ѫζӳȥ
ԹŨȾһɫ


1922 
ҶСѰ뿪һɲǣкȻ΢΢һͷһۣСѰȴѾԶƺֿͨ񱼣嵭Ķĸı
һۣҶȻʲôûпȻֵļ¶ǿѾԶСѰԼͼõʱ䣬ûм룬ת뿪ˡ
صҶҵϣע⵽ˣҶŮǿʱѾˣе֮ա
ʮƯ̫ҶĵȻк֪ԼγƺȻҶͬҶҵѪҲҶˣϻȥ
ҲΪһ֮ȴ˼
һޱߴɲǼСһ㣬һּΪǿͨҲҶڿռ䷨գٶȣֱ˲ƻҪ죬ѾվҶլǰ
СѰʵҶϰͨһ֮ڣ߱Ϻ
ԣͻȻ˵ȫİĵطҲû˿η塣
ʱ˿̵ҶլڣѾҳһƬȻͲҶҵһӭĵÿһΣҶ˵ңʵҲһϲãһֿĵı֡
˵ӦҪڷӵģǣΪҶҵǿͬʱҲΪԼܹȫԷңͬҶҴ
ҶԪڴ֮УϵĴ˫֣Ҷˣи߼ˣԼķˣÿ˶ǴŽţҲżȴĽ
ֻǣеѲ˵͸óˣֱȻϳ˶е㵣ġ
ҶһɨլеһжԶǰ
û٣СһӣڵңȻҶ֪ҵ׸γƺ㣬㣬ϾҶһӭӵԣһСϣպܹƽƽĳˡ
˵֮Ҷڿһץ
ʱԲ֮ڵȫץģ۳һȻ˦һӡ
㻯һѼĹâֱӳ˲˸ڣǸ֮С
κڳ֮ʱʵģϾʼնĸ׵Ķ֮УûнӴ˶ʵ硣
Ҷͳǰӣͬϴ跥һ㣬׵ĸıʣʹøӵһȾ
գУȻһʦģȻһĺͬ䣬ȻһҪΪҲʲô¡
ҶĶҶҲѾ߽ҶҵĴţ̾ϳ
ү

Ȼһ㶯ӤЦ쳹ҶլϿա
ӣڳˣ
Ц΢΢һΪԹӳ󷢳ĵһǿôӣȻЦ
ڷ˵ļУӵĳ¶˵ҶңȻô롣
عˣ̸ҶԪŲȥǸϵſڵʱ򣬺Ȼ֣ҶȻһվ

ܣ
磡
һϲÿ˵ĿзҶعͷ΢Цŵ˵ͷ½ͷתȥǰȽյķš
˾Ҷôڴ˿̻ʱ򣬷źȻ򿪣Ǵɻ洫˹ˣӽĺӣûһ٣Ҳаʮˣûм¾ͻЦһһֱ֣Ҫĺӡ
Żбһ˳һ̧ͷͿһ˫ͬǳ貵۾
Ӧң
žܸʶˣȴû˿ԥģͽеٵݵ˵С
ȻҶΪ͸ӵúӳͬʱ
Ҷӹ٣˫ɱܹɽյֱۣڴ˿̣ȴ΢΢š
֮УǸڳԼ¶ЦݵСʱһӾͰ
һ̣ҶУֻӤǴЦٴδҵĲ
ĵ
ҹҶով˴󹷵죬Ļȴֱһոյ
һһ
ʱıʹʱϲãֽȻ֮ͬз·Ųһӣڲ֮еĵӶȥ
ʵʹĵҲʹž䡣
߱һġ
һٴδҶļ֮ϣһⱩ𡣵Զ֡
֮


1923 ֵ
һһҹ֮ڣ֮ϾȻңһһټ֮ǰİңѾһ롣
֡ŭգ
ҶȷǼΪ˵ģ
Ϊʧʱӵ٣飡
ˣȻ֪Լȱʧʲô֪ԼѰʲô֮УĸٶңͬʱҲǱŵĵ֮ϣһ˿ɶ
ţֻҪԼܹҲôԼӦþͻ֪ԼȱʧĶͻ֪ԼҪѰҵģʲô
ʱ˿̣ӤڻҶһΪĸо˫ݷܹһе˫ۣٴαŷ˾˵Ĺâ
ɺۣյĴֽۣ֮һ
ʱ̫ո𣬵һ⣬䣬ҫҶϡ
Ľɫԡ֮£ҶӤһһС϶ŷĵЦݡ
һĻ󣬾ͬһһӡڳÿһ˵У
ǸʼձҶãҴӦպҪһ컯Ҷڴ˿̣иҲӿһ˿ƺʲô
ûȥҶ˾ճյĿҶ
֮ҶȻͱһ¸ɷʵˣһعĿԼĸ
ҶεҡҡͷȥҶܸĺȡ֡
Ҷи֣ɼҶԪȡΣȴҪıˣҶţԼܹõҶȡôԻǱѰ
ҪǣүүҶԪҲԲ
ʵ׼׳ŵǰȥҶѯһºֵʱҶȴȻ۾촽䶯ƺ˼ʲô
Ƭ֮Ҷ۾ڵӣԵԵ֣ͽԵɣ
Ե
ӵĸ׼˫ֲס궯ҶϹҾл˴л˴
ҶٴԵüһ㣬һκ˶Ľʱ˽ȥͬʱҲԼͨССеȻ㲢Ҷ֮ˣҶҵѪҾһɾΣ֮󣬾ҪԼˡ
ƺǱҶָͷŪˣٴΡһЦҶҲͬһЦ佻ĸס
ҶҶʧ֮ԵҲͳΪһָα֮ͻȻéٿͬඥһ㣬Цȥһ仰ԵԵԵԵ䣬үԵˣˣ
Ӵ֮Ҳûڷ˽
Ҷ˾ͿʼæµĹΪԵĵӣ˶Цеģƺȫ֪ǳΪһ㡣
ͳ㣬˶о̾ѡ
ҶʼվһԣͬЦĿһС
ֵܣҽҶǶĵܵܣҶôʶģ
ȻҶſڴֻڴſڣſڵϵСѰе˵Ż
СѰ鱾ͲãȻҶȴϰݵļ˵֪࣬Ϳ϶Ҵ󣬵ǣû취ҶͬҶĵܵܣ˵Ҳͬҵ⺰ǰˣıҲ𣡡
ֵܣ֪϶ʮǰһңһֻǣǺڶȥˣңֽˣʵ϶ȺǵͰɣٺ٣ûʲôսɶģ̸Ұ
СѰʵǷ͸˵ˣεվҡҡβͣߵҶߣٴſ¡
߰
̧ͷҶöҶĿ⣬ڨڨһЦ磬û˼ѧ㶫
ҶЦŵͷףСѰ껹һ꣬ҲֻǳĲʲôս
Ҷһ֮۾ȻɵԲĶСѰԼԼһȻһһСֵ˰졭
ҹˣҶٴһ˵ĿⶼҶϣÿ˶һֹı飬ҶԪҲˡ
ȻкܶҪѯҶȴֲʣ󣬷Ҷ΢΢һЦû£ҺܺãֻЩҪȥλֻΪԵһ磬Ҿͻٴ뿪Σһ뿪硣
ȻҶ뿪ҶҲ߸µʱ䣬㼣ȴѾ̤磬СѰĸӺͽԵ֮⣬Ҳûܹе𺳵Ķԣȥתת
һԵĳĬ֮ҶԪظһҶĻҪ뿪˰
ҿ϶ٻģֻǲ֪Ҫõʱ䣬ҲܳҲ̣ܶɣ
ʵҶֻҪҵԼҪѰҵĶ֮󣬾ͻֻ̣Ҳ֪жãҲһ˲Ҳꡣ
ͻȻҶ͵һվ˫֮ðɫĹĳ򣬶Ǹλá


1924 ǧĹ
һʱ䣬Ѿ˼֮ϣǽ֮ϣɼʺδɺԵѪһŨѪ֮ζ
ǧʬ壬˵ĲӵĴСÿʬϣ˫ĿŭĿ
һУȺħ޸ᣬΪĻʺĻָɸɾûѪûʬĵطǼ
ʱ˿̣Ⱥħۼһ𣬺žƣ⣬ŽԵջ
ʵ̫ˬˣҶ߱˴ȸ½ȥٴŴɣҲǼʶˣǻĴûмôŨأ
Ҷ˵ˣүڰǣӽǾؽɽţд˷ˮأ벻׳ѣ
Ȼһ紵ɷļΪĹ죬˵ǳ鳾Ϊվڱԭ֮ϣҲо䣬紵ȴ鲻Խӣﷺһɺ⡣
аţķ磿
ÿ˶ֹȴû˵ܿ죬ͱԺ󣬼ȾƳ⣬̸ۡ
ǲ֪ӹʱͬ˼ڣѾһӰ
һѪɫˣĬĬڵĴС֮ߣһ߾Ŀʬ壬Ȼûκεı飬еĺ䣬ȴͬزı䵽˼¡
壬СΡ
ÿһʬ壬˵Ŀоͻ³һ֣ȻÿһˣǼΪϤ
ÿһ֣˵ֱһǾʬͻԶУȻһذذ֮ϣһĹѾ̻˿к֣
֮Ĺ֮Ĺ֮Ĺ
ÿذǷһһ֧ţ˿У󣬼ڴС֮С
˵ٶȺܿ죬ӵֲƬ֮Ѿеĵط꣬˿̣󣬺ȻźѹѹһƬذ
īҹһһѪ쳤ˣվڳŨŨѪ֮ζģ󣬾Ưǧذÿذ֮϶һ鷽ĹĹϿߵ֡
ֹΣ˵ˣǵ΢СʿҲųô
ˣȻҶ
Ҷլ֮УͻȻоһɳԹŭ񶼱ʱ뵽Լ뿪֮ǰиܵ˿¶
Ϊס꣬ȻˣвϢ£ԣԹŭܵһ̶֮Ӱ쵽Ϣ֪
һɨ֮£һ˼
һ̣
ʱ˿̵Ҷг˷ŭھΣ
ȻͬһûҶʵõ˿ߣΪƽȴһջ
ȻȻûҵԼȱʧĶǣĵȴʱ޿̶ڽӽһ⾳һֶڵе˵
Ϊˣףڻ֮£˸Ԥ֪
뿪ʱеļ¶ʵڤڤ֮Уڸ򼴽ͷ
ǣΪԵĳԼҶԼּ¶ԭҲʮֵȷԣѡ뿪
û뵽һߣ˴ѣѵԴͷΪҶ
ûסϰʱ䣬ôͲ˵ĳ㣬ȻҲЩħޣӶɱ֮
ǲ
ͻȻһҹл֮
ƺȥǧǲʶַŭ
ҶתŸԼǰǧĹɫƽĵǣҶ޷ұ֤ỹһɮʦǣɱǵˣḶӦеĴۣδȥĺұһƽһ󣡡
˵֮ҶǧĹһ
꣬£

Ҷ֮У򣬴ЩħߵĶУΪ֮٣һִͷĿ־˲佫֡
ʮħߣ̴г˳ǿǰ⸱쾰ʱȺɱ飬ħǣҲǴĵðһĺ⡣
ǲ
һ绮ɫĵ⣬˺˺ĻһĹϵ֡
һ̣ħߣݷ𶼿ˣÿĹ֮ϣֳһӰɱЩģ

֪˭Ⱥ֣ţǾתߡ
ǣܵĿռݷסһ㣬˵ˣһָ޷
ʱǸʼޱ飬һ˫۾绹Ҫҫ۵ڻڣһֱҾи뷨ֻһֱȥǵĳ֣¶˾ģ


1925 ٽѪ
ҶȻһָ죬ָſһץ
ʱ޴ڣǴǧʳѪȫһѪ⣬Ҷ֮
ϣǽϣǸɺԵģδɺԵģǴƬģһεģȫҶ֮£˹
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶյָϷ۳һѪӣȻ󣬵ȴɢϢѹ
Ѫչӿ
ǺˣǵѪںϽҶĵһѪӽֻҪҲôǾͽܣЩ߸ϵ񣬶׷
˿̵Ҷһλһ㣬ǧĹͷһѪӣӸµĿȺħߡ
㣬˵㣬Ҷ
Ȼߣʳ⡣
ҶûͷϿյѪӣͻȻϸСѪ˳𣬻һֻֻѪɫƣȺħߣһһץסȻ뵽Ѫ֮С

һĲҽУѪ֮дЩħޣڵȫѪҺ˲Ϣ֮ͱѪɣѪӵ׳˼֣ѪеȴȻѡ
Ѫ֮УֵڲϷѹǵ壬ݷľ޴ʹ࣬ãܡ
ֲǣʹ࣬ԶǣҶ
̧ͷſеѪӣҶһâ
ڴʦ֪ѪڵʵĿ֮ҶһֱȻ˼Žİ취뵽İ취ƾԼͬһѪ
ѪԿѪ
ֻ뷨һֱȥʵʩΪʵһΪƴḶ́ҪǣҪ㹻ѪѪΡ
ǽ죬ǵĲȴ¶˾ġ
¼䣬ڶ࣬ǵѪѪһѪ֮УҲԶΪµжܵ޾ĳͷ
ҶſһеѪӣʱԼٶֱһѪ˶С
ѪҶеͬʱһѪҶҶǰͬޱ飬ɭ˫ֱĶҶһЦ֪ڸʲô
ҶƽĿŷҶٽһѪ
Ϊʲô
ѪģҵѪҵģ
ҶĶҶ˰֮󣬺ȻһЦãõĺܣ˼˼Ҷòƺ֪ʲôǾͿĸѪӵǿɣ
£Ҷʧ٣ֻҶһ˺ǧĹ
Ҷĳ֣Ҷ𾪣ŷҶĳ֣Ҫжһ顣
²⣬֪ʲôԭѪʶܵ˷ҶȴȻҪܵĳ޷Լ֣޷ȡԼ塣
ҶȻǿƣȴεĻҶȷԼĲ룬ٶ֮ڣѪ޷Լж
ȻҲԼľͿԸǣҪ졭
Ҷ뷨ͻȻ˶ϵһΪԼȻ޷ԼҪʲô
ȻǵԵӰ죡
ħ˼ҪȫסѪõİ취Ҷɹ
ڵ֮Ӱ£Ҷǲκйص飬뷨ҲȻֹ
Ŭ˼˰֮ҶˣԼ벻ĶӦԼѰҵȱʧĶ
벻Ͳȥ룬ҶȻһӣŵǧĹȫ뵽Ŀռ䷨֮УѾһ󹷵ķĹ
һ֮Ҷſһĵɣ
ԶĽֽǣһСӰ˳ϳ֮ɫλҶĽѾõķ
Ҷϵʱ򣬾Ѿ֮ͨЩ°ߵŮͱץȥӵĺɡ
нΪѵһĿ˸ղҶԴȺħߵһо
ҶеοģǾǷûħצȻŴ֮
ֻӴ֮úȥδӣ
ȻѾ֪ҶǳˣڿԼԺϤӰʱȻ˿˿Ĳ
ڣең㣡
ҶƽĿѾӣֻܹĺ⣬ģһὫ°źá
壬һϸֳһЦҡҡͷˣղҶˣɱǰﻵˣ˳ǣѾܸмˣ㣬ΪЩҴ߶ˡ
ʵ򣬱òһ٣Ϊҵĵŵ˽ĲҾ磬ԣⶼӦġ
ȻԾҡͷӣˣȻȷΪĵ˴ѣǣҲΪĵ֮ˣ˼ΪɣΪƽİ꣬һЩˣΪĵһʱ䡣
гõ٣Ҫʧȥ٣κҲ޷Уǹƽģ
ⷬȻҶжȻһ磬̲סʵ˵ʲô


1926 㣬Ը
΢΢һϲѧûµʱҲϲ𾭣ԶԼ⡣
ǣ㽫ԼղŵĻٴظһ飬Ҷ꣬˳˼֮С
гõ٣Ҫʧȥ٣ҵĵ֮£Ϊİʱ䣬ǣҲΪҵĵȴҲܵѡ
ģҶһ˿
֮£ֻأɸģҲͬΪܹΪǸʣӳЩĪǾʹҸ
ͺñʿĶ٣ΪУԲŻٽ٣ɽ֮ʱԭѶҲֻһ㣬˳ôɽ֮˵ѶȻӱ֮˶ͬܵǣ
ҲǹȻǲҲһЩССѣΪҵĳ֣ǿиתЩССһȴŭԣ뿪֮Żήصĳͷ
ˣַʽѸ棬첻棬ɵΥ֮ˣôͻԸصĳͷάȨ
ֻǣҲ֮ˣΪȴûгͷңѵҵʵѾҶôֻܶЩ޹֣
ԣԣǿҲǿĹУȻʲôԭ򣡡
Ҷ˼ͷȫȷģ
Уֻأ̶Ŀĺ׼򣬲κԸ棬һ棬ôỻַʽ׼
ȷ˱ñȴ˺ӳ֣£ô죬֮˺ͱ֮ˣȴķʽ˫˫
νĹƽν׼
֮ԣҶ֣ԭΪ˿̵Ҷ֪֮ҲʩչԼĵƣҲеٵĳ֡
ڤڤ֮еĳִڣ贴ڵ֮еı
һ壬ֻڷ˿ʿǴ
ͨͷļ̸ԼԼ˼룬ҶܹоԼٴδĲ
ȻҵԼĵѾԽԽǱֵĵģҲٴγ֡
лҶ֣µĶŷһŪķʱΪ֮죬æ
ֱӣҶ»ָƽŷҽĨļ䣬ȻȥӦù

û뵽ܾ̾ӣ֪ΪҺãϣҼסοֲļ䣬ˣ˵Ĳ̣ʧȥμ䣬Ҳ͵ڳ׵ʧȥ˸ĸʧȥˣͬһ㣬ԣ㲻ҪĨҵļ䣬ҪμסһУסǿĵĹȥҲҪסʹľܹҸǿĻȥ
̬ĿҶ˵λģȴȻһ仰û˵ڣǾǡҲʧȥļ䡣
ҶֱֱͬĿŷӿһɼߵľ⣬ŮӣĲ򵥣һУĶͨ͸ĳЩ棬ԼҪǿ
ãҪʲô
ҵ£͹ӷˣҲ빫ӷģҾԲһЩ䣬һֱȥ
ҶƬ̲ſڵ㣬ԸУ
΢΢һгһ⣬ܿɢˣЦҡҡͷлӺ⣬ֻƽˣ
ãҪȥһˣ㣬Ըһ𣿡
ҶĶԷģ鰮֮ģϧ֮ģʴӱȻԴ󣬵ȫԵҩıʣһ̤֮·պؽɣΪ˶ʲô
ңȻ˵аţҶţһ¿Ůӣ޸ܹ֮ȵĶɹ°
ˣҶᣬʶһܹͨı뷨̤֮·
ԥһ£̲סеĺ棬ټҶҲȷǳֿ룬ĵ˵ͷԸҲ
Ҷڵ飬һУеҴߣܹʮӣʮŮӣȫߡ
ʮӵļ䣬ѾħĨҶټ֣ʮŮӣҶڵָ֮䣬ͽǵм䣬ȫĨ
Ҷһӣɽڵ棬ʱ䵱ߣʮȫϡ
뵽
Ҷ֮£վҶߣҲ֪Ϊη壬΢΢š
ߣ
ҶһΧضʱ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿһʹ֮С


1927 
һҹʱ䣬ҶŷʮˣѾ߱硣
ÿһӣҪôʹλӣҪôŴɻߴ壬Ϊ
ÿһŮˣѻĶţδģͬЩһΪ
ңҶÿˣͬЩպǽɣĻʹĺ֮еÿˣǿмһĪеļ䡣
֮УЩĺӣŮˣǵ⣬ýȢӡ
һЩ˾͵ǻ˸֣˸ݣܹȵĹ
֮Ҷ˶ߵĳŵ͸ǵĺһƽһ
ҶŷٴλصʱŸոе㷢
һ飿㣬ԸУ
˿̵ķ˶ѾɵˣΪһҹҶߵţȫ߸֪˼롣
һ˵ȫİˣҶָ㶯֮£һŴð̫ͼĸ֮£ʱͱ׽ˡ
⣬ֱ޷
ܷʴӱǸеĺӣϾһˣһӣԶĵطȥ֮һСǣԣġ
ҶҲΪУΪ˱Լʳ֮Ųģ֮ͨϣı뷨
ųĬķҶûпڴߴ٣ĬĬվߡ
֮󣬷Żعɬҡҡͷӣ̼⡣
˵
ǣ𣿡
ֻҪΪԼ˭ôǾ˭
ʵУѵͲܵ𣿡
⣬ҶĿǹˣĻƬ̲ſڵǴѲӦк󸣣ֻǰһѣңгһգҷ֣ҪȥǣҪĨɱҸǵһУҾͽҲ׸ı䣡
ı
ٴ΢΢һĿҶ
ȻҶɫԾƽƺ̲˫֮Уȴ͸¶һɾȻ֮⣬κ˶ỳɣǾ仰ʵԡ
ӣѵԼͲ𣿡
Է⣬Ҷ̧ͷ˽𣬵ǶƵգǸ졣
Ҫңұ죬Ҫңұ㷴
򵥵ʮ֣ͬʮףը֮䣬ֱƵеɢ¶Ǭ
ԾĿһУ֮ȻҡҡͷӣˣϧֻһŮûйӵлӣңˣ
ȻɼԼ뷨Ը̤֮·
һΣҶûٿҶһ֮󣬱תȥԶȥ
ȻߵٶȲ죬ĽŲȴ쳣ļᶨ
ҶעŷǽнԶıӰȻڵҶңҶ
Ψһźû֪Ҷ֣뷨ȻҶԣһ̣Ҷ˵Լ֡
ıӰ΢΢һ٣ǰϣѾ¡
ҶȻվԭأȴʼոŷǿˮ֮оȻĪһ
仨ˮˮ仨
ҶݷٴλһܣվѾǰĬĬעǸʼУ˿ͣŮӡ
һ죬죬죬ֱ֮󣬷ڵĿĵأһСС֡
ҶĿȹɮۣȥǧ˿ǹŷ֮ǰϵš
Դ֮ǸΪͨ͸ŮѾʧˣȴǶһΪá
飬飡
߶֣Ҷ겻ϵķƺֶ˵ʲôΪһ㡣
Լһ˷֮ҶŻصҶլ
Ҷʣǲ֪Ҷ뿪ڣѾٸıʮ˵켣
ڼס֮ҶٴңΪСѰС֮⣬ûٴκˡ
ǼҶң磬סҶңס磡
ҶڲӵĶΪԾһ˿ԤУȻǿԲԼļˣȥðһ˿գ
ȻһڴӦ˵ıҶȴԾɲģͬһҶ֮С
һ֮Ҷת뿪һڰĴ󹷣ߡ
һһһʧ
ǲ
Ҷ뿪ͬʱһ磬ͬɫһ㣬ᴩ£ء
Ҷɨһۣٴα˺ѣһ˫Ŀ죬ɢŨħӰ֮ϡ


1928 Ҷ
Ҷ뿪ͬʱճ԰ټƵӰ
ЩӰĳ֣Ȼϱ𲻾ǰҪ˰ٱȴǿ˰ٱֹ
һ֣նʱӿһ㡣
еʿһȫˣֻȴʧȥ˵ʱġ
Ϊγֵģˣ
ڻ죬ӵħѪˣ
ħ̼ٻþ֮ӵѪĺˣͬʱڵħԣҪ󣬿ʼڸ֮УɱҶպ֮ˡ
ͬʱһˣڷĴͨ쵽˽ͨΪϾҶļˣڷ˽硣
ʱһ֮ãͨڴͨǣҲ磬ڵҪ󣬿ʼչҶңɱ
˺ͷʿ֮䣬һ죬һصĲ࣬ǰ֮ʿһˣҲӿֳһַԱܵη壬ûС
ȻĿ⣬Ҳ·һʵĲʵ̫̫
һ̣ʿǣоųѾɼ鲻ԽĹ˵£Ϊ޷ɢѹ
ѵҪ磿Ҷʲôʱܹ
÷ɽзһ̾ϢȻ֪ˣҲʮǳֵĿģǼ˿еʿȥҲһܹЩʲô̫˺
һ취ǿԿ϶ܹɴ˺ɱˡ
Ա
ԱǾ޴ģҲһʿԱ˵ʹʮٸǧ
ֻҪÿʿηôԱҲܹ
÷ɽ׼Լ뷨ݸʿʱ
ͻȻһ߳쳹֮䡣

һ⣬Ȼ֮ϣͷųɹâȫסȵâʧ֮󣬿УѾָƽеͬʧ١
Ƶᣬղһеľƺͬʱðһþ
ʿɵһ㣬עա
Ǽͬʱ˽һ֮ǰͻȻ֣ͻȻʧֻʱҶ˵ġֻ֣ܹ
ղţǸ֣ȴ˶
ѵ˵ڣסһλǿߣǰǸղŵ˴Ǳˣ
ˣһâλǿߣﵽʲôľ磿
Էʿǵ۽磬Ȼ޷λǿߵжôǿ
ⲢҪҪǣȻλǿĿԸˡ
λǿߵݣеλķʿ뵽һ֡Ҷ
ˣڽļ֮Уڸɣ峤֮㲻ԼͬĸҶǼҪҶҵĿдһЩϢһЩܹǰĵϢ
ҶҶڴȺڣɽЩϵõ˵ʵҶȷҲѾ뿪ˡ
Ǹǿߣȫ֪飬ΪҶû
ҲǺ˱뷨һ£ǾλǿߣȻҶŵġ
ȻǺλǿߣҲ֪Լ˺֮䣬ʵֻ̫ա
Ȼǲ֪Ҷĳǿߣɲһλλ
Ҷ뿪ɲǣͷȺ˵ĳ֣ȴû˿ͣΪ˳֣вڣɽ
и߽׵˳֣ôҶլеǵͻ֪ͨҲܹ˲Ϣ֮ϻأԣŸҷ뿪
ҶСѰʼһһĴ󣬲ȥЩ磬н磬Ѫ磬δȥ磬ǵӰ
ȥ統У»ٵһЩ£ģĳɾµĴŴɻߴ壬һҹ֮ͻȻʧϵµӣһʣҲδֹ
ȻҶΪĿģһΪ˳񾡣һΪ׳ԼѪһ棬Ϊ̽ת
ȥת֮䣬һʱҴҹȥǧ֮УһΪҶ硣
һһƽͨķ磬죬ĳԭ֮ϣȻӰӣһһҶСѰ
һʱ䣬ҶǵԼȥ˶ٷ磬ÿ֮Уٵͣһʱ䡣
ΪѪĽѵĳطסȥıĳطĻ
ȫͬһλҴҵĹһ㣬ϵнϵѰ٣ֱҶ硣
֪Ϊʲô̤ʱкȻӵһ˿ĪϤ֮УƺԼ硣
֮£Ҷҡҡͷңû


1929 ɽ
Ҷ֪ո̤ʱĽ֮Ȼһ˫۾˿
ʱδʱδҲǰһ£
˵֮˫۾ֻϣͬʱҶ磬ɢһͬˮĲ
˿Ҷ֮⣬ܹҶǱһ޴ˮ̶һʯ̶ˮ֮УһֿŵĪ仯һ֮лš
ֱ仯Ϊ΢СΪ鶯κ˶޷Ҷ
СѰһԿҶ˫۾֮У˸һ˿ǣһĳϦദҲ棬Ѿ֮·ң޵С
ȻܿԣȴͬһԿҶɻķ˼ڰοҶ
ҶתͷСѰ¶һ˿ЦݵСһڻѧƨˡ
ҶУСѰľͬһһ֮УСѰԼĵӣҲǳ˳硣
СѰȻ㣬ҲҶȥĴ£Ҷһʮֵĵ͵͵û˻뵽۵СķµͽʿĶ֡
Ҷٴϸһ磬Ȼû˿ӡ󣬶ңһ·ȻΪ֮ȴһ̶·ߡ
ΪģΧƵķ֮дУñʻĻҶĹ켣һԲ˿̣Ҷ磬Բյ㡣
ǰеĻ¸磬뿪֮ȥĵһ硣
֮Ի·ߣΪҶʼշĲҶլİΣһʱȥе˿ûм٣ԽԽǿ
һǰֵȺˣ²⣬ֲӦԴھ죬ֻپԴͷĿǰľ磬޷Ʋ
ȻһУҶլ˿ûзκβˣҲִѡԲεĹ켣ʼձźľ룬Ļһд٣ôҲٶȸϻȥ
߰ɣСѰһ˿ҸеϤĸооеǡ
˰ҶԥŵǵǰѪ֮ʱĸо
СѰȻ֪ҶľͣͷΡ
һҶѾһ֮УΧϢȺûиоǵͻȻһˡ
ҶһʿĿУֺ֪üͷһ
Ҷ磬Ҷ磬ѵҶңҶйϵɣҡҡͷԳһЦǧ磬ÿ綼Լ֣ҶΪһ飬ֻһҶֶѣˡ
ôȰ˵ԼҶ˿֮ȥϤУȴԾ޷ͻʱͻȻڶȻһ޺
ţͿһɫӰӣٿȻҶ֮гһڹ⣬ʡ
䶦
Ҷ΢΢һǵԼ֮ʧĹ䶦¶˼֮ɫһ
䶦з䣬Ϊӡ̫֮ǿȻԼһ˿ɶȴ޷ȫѣնڳ˯֮УֻҶΣ֮ʱŻ΢Ҷ
ԴҶӵ˺ɽ֮󣬹䶦ͺٳ֣ҶҲȥ侲˯
Ȼ죬䶦ȻͻȻ뿪Լ꣬ǳҶϣҲĻʧȥ˶ϾԼѪӡԼ
䶦ƿնȥٶȼ죬Ҷ棬һһ⣬֮пٴС
գ֮䣬䶦Ȼͣ£ǰһɽȣһֵɽȡ
䶦ͣɽȵ֮ҵĲԼܹʥ˻ֻ֮ǣƺʲô赲޷ɽȡ
Ҷվڹ䶦·ĬĬעɽȣüͷ΢΢
Ϊɽ֮еȻͼɵĴۣ֮޷͸
ʵ̫ˡ
ϵĳ磬Ҷеȡ
ﲻһ˵磬ҶڵΪ˽вܴܹ͸Ķ
Ƭ̣Ҷһ֣СѰɽԼǻŹȿȥҪɽеʲô
Ȼֵ鷢ˣƾҶŬƶÿռ䷨֮ȿȴʼǰʮ֮
ʮ׵ľ޷Խ
˼Ҷüͷչ֮϶Ȼܻ棬нպɽ۷˵ʵΪޱɢ


1930 ֪
Դ֮ڣҶûչֹԼʵΪĵˣͬһ𣬶󣬸Ҫκʵ
ȻֵɽȣȴٴԼҪƿɽ֮еʲô
ҶµĴط¡¡֮·ĳֹޣڷĴС
һɹӴ˳Ŵأ뵽Ҷڣӿ˺ɽ֮Уųҫ۵Ľ⡣
ظزڣ
һҶƺǿ𺳣ؼ¶ضɽҡ

ͬһǧɾһ㣬צųǲ
û˿죬ؼ˲˼ž
еĽѾȫɽ֮УȻȴһ˿ûбһУԾɺǰһ
ɽȣһͷޣſѰĴ죬һɣ
Ҷüͷ𣬶ɽȣеɻѾﵽ˼¡
Լһǵ죬ˣӲӵĻҲˡ
ǣڷ˵УһɽȾȻ˵ĽԼн
ԣ
ҶȻܣ
Ƶ΢ḧղŵزʩչؾ㶯״̬Ѿȫʧ
⣬ֵĵط
Ҫ֪磬ͽ׵ĵһ֮磬Ĺɼ̫ͣܳǿ
ˣҶʵˣȫһ㲻ܳ׻һ磬ҲԸƻ
ղҶں֮£һֻҪɽû̫࣬ȻĻԻὫԼǿѹһΧ֮ڡ
ȫһ䣬ƻҲ˺Ŀռ䣬ִƬƬա
ڣ죬Ծ죬أԾأ
Ҷϸ䣬ղŽʱܵĿռ䣬ûгһ˿һ顣
ҶȻһץٴξ׳
ףȻ޷˺Ŀռ䣡
Ҷһȥ֮ʱΪ繹ɼΪ̣ȫ޷Կռκεƻ
ֻһ磬Ȼȵ֮绹Ҫι̣ɽȣȫһ޷ҡֺҶ磬ܹŹ֣
Ҷ˸ָĳԣյǿ͵սȫʩչ˳
ɣ
⵽ô£Ҷü˼Ǿڵĳռ䣬Ҳ⣬Ƿ簡Уһ˿Ϥĸоָνͣ
Ҷ磬Ҷ磡
߶֣ҶӰѾʧ˾ɽһ֮С
˵Ҳﵽ
򣬱𵱳Ҫʮ࣬мʿҲзˣʮ֡
ӽ쿪ʼ֮Уֶһ˺һ󹷣ȻҶСѰ
ԴĲҰ֮Ҷǲκ̾ۼĵطסǣ׼˴һ£йɽȵʱ򣬺Ȼ֣׵ߣǸߴ鳾ʿȻû˵ɽȡ
ҶʵȻܹķֱԷûż˵ٻĲ֪ɽȣǷɻĿҶΪǲӲãǴ˵ط
Ҷģ뿪򣬷ֱǰҶȥǣֵǣԾû˵ɽȡ
ҶΪԼǴˣȥɽȣڴһʿǰʿɽȵʱ۾Ȼ̵ɵԲĵôɽȣôһӡûУ
ֱʱҶԿ϶ɽйŹ֣Ҷ綼Ź֡
һƶɽȣȴû֪
һֻǷ˵磬Ȼ׵赲סԼȫ
ˣҶžʱסúоһɽȺ硣
ҶǾס֮УǹһׯԺԼӯׯԺ֮ڣͬʱҲ˿ʩ
ҶһƯ֮ٴʱ
Ҷѡǳͷ¶棬󲿷ֵʱ򣬾ǴСѰǰɽȣڹȿ֮ɽȡ
ɴཫСѰҲŵ˼УԼһȥ
ʱգۼѾȥɽȺҶоҶȻûȡ˿Ľչ
죬ٴν˽µɽȾصׯ԰ʱ򣬸ոճ֣̾һĹ֮
ӦСѰҶһִСһ¾ͳ˹ſݺݵҶҧ˹ȥ


1931 ̫
ʵĻ飬˵СѰʱʱ̶̿Ҷߣһ֮ãѾǳ֮·Ȯ
Ҷȫ˶ᱳԼԼСѰҲԲᡣ
ڣСѰ׺ݣſĴ֮ϣ¶һ˿˿ĿѣӣǽҶ˳һ㣬ҪҶһҧ
Ҷһâüͷһ壬һ㣬ռ䷨֣֮ӲĸСѰ֮䣬СѰη񱼣ȴʼ޷Ҷ֮ľ롣
Ҷ˫ֱСѰϣͬʱҲ˲佫СѰȫǣϸĲ鿴
ҶΪи˳Լڼеʱ򣬶СѰʩͬ򵥵һɱǣӶԸԼ
һСѰڵ⣬궼۾׺֮⣬ҲһƬ֮ɫûбʧǡ
ֻ˫۾Ҷ΢΢һΪ۾֮û˿Уеֻȫİ
һ̣ҶȻˡ
СѰԼİˣΪһĻȮ˵һԺְԵԼİ˵Ľ룬Ż׺ݵķרŵԼ
Ȯ
Ҷ۾ٿȻٴεԲΪļǵãԼǰ뿪ҵʱСѰѾҪڣûнɣѾȻ޴棬ȫʧˡ
˭ɵģ
ҶһӦԼ֪ͨǿиıСѰĨȥΪԼҲǿĨȥ
һ̣ҶѾ򣬼˷ȥҪ˭ôĵӺҶСѰ֡
һȦҶûзһ֮ˡ
֮£ֻܴСѰ֣ԴͨСѰļ˳ϸĹۿš
ȻûзκεĿ֮ԼԺ䣬ûֹ
СѰʼʱרǵʱʼſڵϣɹ̫ӣȫһͨĴһ
ô£
Ҷ˼죬Ҳ벻ȻһָСѰΣ߳ȥ׼ѯʿһΧھӣԼڼҵʱԼǲǷʲô£ûбСѰ֡
ҶסĵطǸΧھӶǵͷһЩˣҶסĵһ죬ھŰݷù
˼ҵȻͨˣǱѧ֮ʿΪƺʩýѣҶҲʶǡ
ȻΪ˱ΪǴѣҶǿⱣź֮ľ룬䲻ȣԶ
ȻҶһȥǵûɻõ𣬷ɻ
ΪˣȻѾʶԼˣ
Ȼ˲ûҶҲҪҶύҶ˵Լȶ˵ھ֮ʱ϶ʱ¶˲֮ɫ
Ҷļǵ֮һ˵ĻѣЦɲЦҽ겻ʮ࣬ûеۻ軨ľأǵھӵĻס˰꣬ôܻ᲻ʶ㣬˼Ҷ㣬һӡûУ
ͬСѰһЩ˶ʶԼȫĽԼİˣ
ʵһֵ£Ҷ˼⣬صеʱ˵ׯԺˣһǰӣȻ׼ׯԺ۸ˡ
ҲͬһҶĵһ仰Ȼǣ˭
Ҷ֪ȻһЩԼ֪飬Բûƽ͵ĸ߶ԷԼѾׯԺ
ˣǷأ㵱ʱǶǮģ
ҶشȻȴȻһΪȻ֣ԼǲԼŵڶǮģиһûӡ
Ҳ˵ֻǵԼׯԺǵʱ̣ȴȫ벻
һ̣ҶĴסˣ鲻ԽھӵǷ
ԼˣˣԲӦóĳЩ
Ҷ˲Ϻԭ˷ϻֱ˦һѽӣٴεׯԺǵԷҪʱȴֵԷһ𾪺ͻˣϣԴҶؼһѰңǸҲ
Ҷɴ಻ҪˣżĽԷ̹֮ϷţűԼŪεСѰ˳˼֮С
ȻԼСѰеĳЩˣˣһЩ顣
Щǿ϶ķ
ׯԺԼ϶ˣֻԼ˷ͼ۸񣬶ԭøףԼӵ£
ȷʵȴ벻ֻ˵Щ飡ҶĵǷ˻СѰˣǻܽܣԼ֪֮䣬һЩ䣬⣬̫ˣ


1932 ˭
ҪǽеļĨҶ˵Ҳһܼ򵥵飬ͬΪʮҴ°һһ
ǵ鷢Լϣе޷ˣ
òԼĳͷԣҵĻûҪСѰеķҲܵǣ
ΪĻ˵ģʲô壿ܹĨҵļ䣬ҲôɱҲǼܼ򵥵°
ҶԼ侲ǽСѰѣȻԽԼʶһֱмٴι꣬¼һС
СѰԼ߿Żӣ޷һ֮ǰԼһİˣԼ˹
ҶСѰһԼˣȻһϣԼٴһɽ֮ǰ
ҶһԼĸоʧȥ£Ҳɽйء
Ҷʼ˻䡣
ԼһֱڣʮʱԼĵεΣԼӴÿˣÿĻһ顣
λʵ̫ҶԼУֱ֮Ŵӳ˼ѹ
ãǸͷӵļ۸֮⣬Լû顣
Ҷĳ˿վһٴλصԼļС
ոճԺ֮УһȮͣСѰǺݳӰҶüͷٴ
ȻСѰٴεʧȥ˶Լļ䣬Լϵûй˿ķӦ
֮ڣһεǿеĨȥСѰļ䣡
Ų϶Լ죬ȫͬԴİһСѰҶϣȻһɺ⡣
ӳڣΨһҶеηģʱ򣬲ΪҲκεη塣
ڣӰģܹĨȥ˼Ĵڣٴθܵ˾⣬εľ⣬ʱҪŨ
һ̣ҶȫܹᵽԼ˵ҪĨȥʱ򣬷Ǽľܾ
Ϊʧȥ䣬ĳһμ䣬κ˵һֲʧ
ʧȥ䣡
ҶкȻһСݣ
Сݲÿʱ䣬ͻʧȥеļ䣬Լòǿٰԭȵļȥ
ѵ˵СݾҶ磬ΪֲֿܵĴڵӰ죬Ż᲻ϵʧ䣿
뷨ܿͱҶԼˣΪСÿŻʧ䣬Լ磬Űʱ䣬СѰڵʧ䣬Ǹѡ
ܹ⿪磬˵⿪ɽȵܣҲСݵ⣬Ҳܵõ
뵽ɽȣҶҲ뵽֮УȻû֪ɽȴڵʵҲʧ䣬ֻʧȥļԵģרʧȥйɽȵļ䣡
Ϊ֤Լ뷨Ҷ⽫Сݻ˳˲Ϣ֮䣬һȦ磬Сݶȫû˿ӡ
ҲҶ֮УϾСݴڵʱ䣬Ѿʮ꣬δʱѾ֣Լ磬Ҳܼǵˡ
ңҶԸţСݲǷ˽磬ҲǾˣʿѾõռ֮ءɽ磡
ٴλصУҶ˶ԵеʧϣСѰԾ֮С
УҪ뿪
ҶһҧȻվ
Ȼ֪ĳܣٴȥԼ֪ʲôʱʧȥЩ䡣
һԼʧȥйؼˣйѵļ䣬ıһûм䣬ûйȥˣǾʵ̫ˣ
뵽ԼѰĳȱʧĶͲصɽ֮еĻԼһ뿪¾Զҵˣ
֪ΪʲôҶȻ֪Լȱʧʲô֮ȴʼһǾǱҵȻĻԼʧȥŵ壡
ˣѵľ֮Ҷ뿪֮ǰȥһɽȡ
ɹȻãʧܵĻ̵ͷߣյȵʵ֮ٴλ
ȻԵСѰ˺ɽҶһƿ˷ţһ̣һǵصĳ֮ȻͬˮһӿԼĶС
˭
˭

Ҳ֪˭Ҳ֪˭Ϊʲô
ôʲô벻ˣʲôʲôҵļ֪𣿡
֪Ҳ֪ԼʲôΪʲô
֮УѾȫһƬӵ֮ǣ۵ݣʵֻһеˣƺѾʧȥԼļ䣡
վڳУΧЩɻһ̣ҶҲðһ⣺ң˭


1933 Ҷ
ҶվԺſڣΧǵصѯ֮Ҳĳһ˿磬е֮ɫʧȥֻʣһ˭
ʱһߵҶǰľʧ룬һʵ˭˭
һ仰ͬǾ̵ĺˮһ㣬ҶУȻеãͻȫߣ˲ָѡ
ǰΪĪĿ־ɻѾŤеףҶ˿ȫһ˲һſͣһҶ
Ҷ
籡ĸֱĵףΪģ˷ȥ̼㸲򣬼ǰ
Ҷ֮УһеѾȫʧֻʣĸ֡Ҷ
òɢ
ȵʧԭȴã;״̬ˣȻ𽥵ȫ˹һǴһ㣬׷Լ˭
ֻǣ֮УѾûҶӰ
˿̵Ҷվɽȵǰ˫Ŀ磬Ķǰɽȣһ˿ĺ£
ֻһ㣬ղţֻһ㣬ûǸ̵ֻһƣԼҲѾʧȥȫļ䣬һ֪Լ˭ˡ
⵽ʲôȻܹӰ쵽еķˣԼһУȥò˶ãͻ᳹׵ıһ֮硣
Լ˵ˣܴȥ
㵽ʲôˣ
ɽȣҶҧ֮Уһһ³仰
˵ͬʱҶͷ֮϶ȻһѪ˲Ϣ֮䣬˾ѪӣǧɣÿѪ֮ǧףߵѪӣѾϣǵأɢһŨѪȺǿѹ
ȫҶԼѪ
һʱ䣬Ҷ߹磬Դͨɱ԰ƵĶˣǵѪԼѪ˾Ų㡣
ھѪӵ·ǸֳһͨɫͬչһĹ٣ʺɫңȴûһ˿
٣
۳֮ȻһʱڣҶɱǰ֮УᵽƢĿ־ͷŭӶɹ۳ֺ֮֮ŭҡ
٣ֻһգ
Ȼȱһң޷ӳٵȫĵͬС
ŲѪ٣Ҷѹ׵ı֮򲻵ѣҲ׼ʩչ
ȻڣɽȣԼܹԼĿֲκεʵ
Ѫӷ
Ȼû˿ǳؼѹȴͬǧһ㣬ɱֱ֮
ǶѾƴֻҶһ£
֣ҶĺԼʦִʥս쿹һ

ʼûκζɽ֮ڣͻȻһƳ̾Ϣ
̾Ϣ˲ɣ¡
һ֮£Ҷ񣬲΢΢һһֵ˲ԺƺҪĨԼеһС

һǧŭ֮Ȼͬһ㣬³ݺݵĳɽȡ
ŭԵҶٴλָɫҲǱޱȡ
Ȼ㲻죬Ҿʹ
䣡
Ѫ֮пʼˣٵҲҶµĴظǷ֮
Բ֮ڵĵһ̣ȫ˷Ҷӿ롣
һΣҶͷųе۵ϣǿؽ
Ȼĺ»ƬأӴ֮ݲǴʱ˿̵ҶҲѾ˲ôˡ
ҶƣѾ˲Ϣ֮䣬˼ߵĵز˫֮УŨŨս⣬ضڲ
ƺǸܵҶΪ鲻Ϊȫս⣬ʼƽɽȣʱ˶
ǲʼƺһˣ֮зҪ֮гһ㡣
ɽȣҶһһȣԣ

ɣ֣УһͬħĴڣΪɱ¾Ѫȣɣ
Ϊħ֮ѪţƼҵĵһˣ
ɵľʵʼž˵ٶţڣд˵պмĿܳԽħ֮ӣΪڶλħ
ȻΪħᣬľΪı󣬾Ŀʬǡ
֪ж˶ɵ˲ҩ鵤ֱɣҲδӹ
к޼ɵɣһֻһ£ʱδܼǴ˵дࡣ
ͳɳ֮ʱѾ꣬ȵ⸴عʱڱأ۷壬ڶδܸϷսڵĿ
ħ̼ĸ֮£ȴø׵ĻԼڵÿһ˿ħԣҺķʱ䣬쿪ʼһĴͨͨ˽ͨ
ڣ磬ǰ


1934 
ȻǵħٻҪɱҶպ֮ˣȴһΪҪĿġ
Ѿˣ֮ħҪ֮ˣΪֱҶɵˣھħѪ˸ɱˣӶŭħ档
ҶݾȻʦܣ
һΨһĺ£ʱδܺһϸߵ͡
ʼֹĴ˵ǷṦΰֱӽ䵱˶֣һսܣݺݵĲڽ£ȻˣԼɣ
ֻϧʼûᣬϾʱ̫󣬿ǣȻҶʦܣһħ棬ɱħѪܹɱһǼʹ飡
ˣɲŻôŻô
Ҷϣ㲻Ҫ̫Ļʵ̫ʧˣ
ǿεϣЦ֮ɫ˫Ѫ죬̲סͷһԼ촽ݷǽҶ˿ɿڵζһ㣬˽ɵ׼
ڣҶ뿪ĽʱνѲϣΪħ̼ٻþڵĸħᣬ׷ȿֺĴ򴩷˽ͨǰ硣
һһˣվ˳򣬽ϵĿʼڣҪҶ֮ͳͳɱֱӻ
ΪŲأЩһһһֱоյڲϳֵˣеľˡ
ȻҲӿԿ϶ھг󣬶мĿܾҶŵġ
ֻҪλһղߣôھͿɸǡ
ڶෲʿǵƽӵͷȴԽԽأΪԵĿԸоǰˣһҪһǿ
һˣһ˱Ϣ֮лɱڶˣҪͬʱ֣ˣѾӳ֣ǰøոĵˣǱƵĲӲòͬʱ֣
֮ٽƽо󷨣ǽϰ˸˳ɱȴҲһЩСĴۡ
ϾӵľҲֻǰֻ죬Ծ֮۷ĸ֣޾壬ԷڶĻǶԸҪ൱ˡ
ʱ䣬Ĳˣһһǿòӣû˵ĵҶǱʱɡ
ҶǾ䣬˵ĵʱԸϻĸоȻڣˡ
ȻҶ֪ˣǰĵˣһһǿڻǲӶԸ˵ġ
ǣĲ˾Ѿ˸˲СĴ۲ǿ岨ĵˣĸ֣һ٣Ҷδܼʱϻأǵȴǵģֻˡ
Ӿۼһ𣬱˴˼䶼ųĬÿ˵ɫǲÿϴ档
ҪҶΪ׷棬ӵľûôȫΪˣԲŻһĵ·
ڣĹͷеԥڿǣǲҪӸϽû뿪磬ܹȥ
һϢĳĬ֮󣬳˾׼ڵһɲǣ֮СǸŮȴЦȵ磬㲻ôᣬûҶǰڷսʱ˵ѾĨɱˣԣҲĸԸΪ׷ߡ
ߵͷС˵ĶԣȻԵĵԽԽǿǲӣһγйη壬磬µԣĪ㶼𣡡
ҲǷ׷ױ̬ó漤ѣλܵãˣӣͬͬͬͬͬͬʱ
ԣһЦֳľ֮£ÿ˵ϻٶ¶һ˿֮ɫͣѾõΪһ̣Ȼɶļ
ʱ򣬸㹻ʱȥչôǶģܹٴΪܹ뵽֮
ϧڴʱ߸ϵЦȴȫסˣΪͬʱоصܵһּΪǿѹ֮˵Ѿ뵽磬ңʵԶҪǿĶ࣡
˵Цһ֮ȴ˲ָͬʱϴһЦˣҺֻ࣬һˣΪͺúõдһ¿˰ɣ
߸ӰȻʧٳʱѾҶҵϿգȻҶµǱ磬ڵ̫ǿ£ֻȹ˼Ҷҡ


1935 
֮ϣһµɣ˫۲Ѫ֮ɫעµķ硣
ȻɲûκεĶֻվĳ֣ȴ綼뵽һ־޴Ŀֻ֮С
ɵգŴƬƬڵգԶԶȥǳԴһȥʮֵѿ
⣬˵ǿʵһ֮Ӱ졣
⻹˾󲿷ֵƣȻĻֱӾͿԽ˼
ҶңѾҵֻǣֻС֮⣬ǸҶˣƺڵĻⳡϷʵھ̫ȤˣڣҿɾҪúõĴк֪ͨϽ
һЦһѾֱӳҶլϿա
žһլϿնʱһƬͬ֩һƣ֮ң֩м䣬ɡ
ҶȻӵмߵȨƺ͵λҲʿһ㣬ֳ̫ླǿǰ˵ˣԴĵĿ־壬Ǹˡ
⻹Ҫ˲վλãǡòóһȫǳɵѹȻĻҶڹѾҪˡ
վס
涸Ȼһȣͬը죬ɱĿ⣬ֱֱɡ
ųıȣҲȫ֮˳ֱ˿̣ҶǼ˰ʼػǵǳǿߡ
ֻǣû뵽Ȼ֮࣡
ˣҶ˵϶¶һ˿ϣϾĴ˵ĹûǸˣҲһΣԾܹ
ŪĿ˳棺ң
ԴŲмĿ⣬ɫȴǼΪƽ˫ֱȭ˸֮ǰкҪ󣬾ܷԸֻǷеһȺʿǰֹ֮֮𣬻ǰҪΪǡ
Ҫ󣿡ɶų棬һЦҵҪܼ򵥣Ҷ𣡡
ⷬҶ˶Ŀ־֮УǾʱҶҶȴǶȻڵΣֻҪҶһľ㣡
ţ»
ҶҶԪҶ˵仰֮ǿվҶǰ
кһȻһ̾˫һⶸȻɳ˲佫Ҷ
顱һոճαȻվеҶˣſͣѪ¡
ڱ滤ס֮£һۣԾɲ㽫Ҷɱʵȷδš
ְɣ
ûԥӷ
ʱȻϣɫĹâ磬ÿһâһ޽ɼ̶ȥ
󷨣ǲӾǧʱоܹ˵ĵӵޣǽһ𣬲ҷʮ
ֻʱޣһռô˶ܵˣҪܾòȬ
ѹ׵ľУһҲֻйһΣʱǻһصˣ֮ɱһصˡ
ǵڶεʹãһλ۷֣
ߵᴩصľ޽ֵʱȴǺȻ̧ͷ죬ӵĹü΢΢һ壬¶ɻ֮ɫ֣ôֲĸоѵҶҪˣҲָоָоǵٻ֮ʱѵˣ
ͷһ֣ɵľʱΪ֮һ𣺡ҪˣҿɸҪúñ֣ϽɱҶңɱҶ磬ʱ濴Ҫһˣû׼ʹҵʲô
뵽ɵɫʱһ˫ʱӿ
ЩԼٶţգ֮䣬Ѿȫǣ֮Уͷ˫ǣͷߴĹ׷׻ûڵ
ǷˣʿЩޣŴӺ֮гЩͷɫĮĹޱǷ׷ױɫ
ЩȻɺûȥ嶼͸ãǸȴʵǿֻצһץ֮£ͻ鱻ץסȻ󿴶ֱӵС
Ǳе飬嶼ۿɼٶȣѸٿήǵлĻһ㣬ùǼܣ󣬻뵽֮УùøӵӴ
ڣʱ˴˷Ĳҽ֮
ҶլȴʱȫΪ׼Ը̵ķȥҶңΪԼ׸ܵһݼ


1936 
ħ֮ʼ¾ʱڷսеĺܶ˶Ǽͬʱ˸о
һ֮ͬУ˳󲽶Уܣʮ˸˼ֳ״̬ĺɫӡ
ÿһ̤ʮ˸ҲӦĸıλãһλ󷨴ʦһĻĻһһ
Ϊʮ˸ӣһƶ󷨣
Ҫ֪󷨶ģȻһЩȥʱƶ󷨣ĳ̶ķΧ߻֮ڣҪԸˣҪܼ֮󷨵
˳ȴǷѾԽ磬Ȼܹ󷨱˻ģʱصıƶ״̬
⶯շģ
վ֮֮أ
ָı䣬Ѿ߸˴ͳ󷨣
ڼе˳ͻȻͣΣ˫ǵ˫۶ȻһϽ۳һ˿ɫǼ𣿡

𣡡
һ𺳾Х֮Ȼĳ֮һͷǴӵֱ
¡¡
źǵĳԲǧĵ涸Ȼ¡¡ľ죬һ㣬΢΢һӸ¿ȥͻ֣ᷢǧﷶΧ֮ڣؾȻӲıȥһߵĵ棡
նվµĴأͻȻ̧ͷĳ֮нĸֳŨŨɱ
𣿡

һƬ·𿴲ͷıѩ֮УһһµľɫŮӣϥһԭ֮ϣѩ衣
ֻɫƽ͵̧˫֣һġ
žһ죬֮϶ʱƮѩ׷Ȼһ΢Ϯеѩȫһɲ֮䣬Ȼһʮɵıѩˡ
ѩߵѩߣ̯ƣѩ΢΢һЦδκζѾ˾˵֮ϡ
˻̧ƣѩŵԼļ֮ϣȻ󲽣޾ıѩ֮п񱼶С
ͻȻѩɫȻһ䣬ҲӦͣ˼ͬʱתͷһ򣺡Ҷ磬˴磬ѣǣɸоˣ

һ֪Ŀռ䣬ƯһƬεľ޴ɽɣɡ
ɽ֮УһÿУһϥӰȻЩڱչصʿ
Ĺ
ʿǵҶ˵أѡģǶҶѣҲ硣
֮ڣڣĪϥһ̣ʿȴͬʱ˫ۡ
ĪֻһţƬƬƣڵ𣿡
֮ںδֻҪǴ뿪ʿʱ˿̣Ǹܵһļµĸо
Ϊǵĸ磬ǵļңǰδеΣڤڤ֮УǶӦ
ǣӦӦÿȴɼʱ򣬸ϵ磬ԣֻĬĬΪԼļϣܹͦΣ
Ҳ˶޷ǰ磬Ӿͷ˽֮ͨУȴһӰԿֲٶȣɿĴţĿ꣬磡
ǲϳֵףԼֿ˺˵ĿֲӰͬʱԶʧ١
ӰȫһƬɫ֮УòҲ޷ֻܿһ˫û˿飬ݷѾһеı۾

ҶУҶеǰϷŲɽȻš
ڣȫûиܵΣ
ʱ仺ţҶѾʧȥȻ޷֪ΣȴͻȻһֻҵ඼ʼԽԽ죬Ҫǻ
ָо޷ٱ侲ĺɽȶţ֣ܳɹ
Ȼʱɽ֮кȻһĳ̾𣺡
һε̾ϢûǰҶµĲɣ֮⣬һĺߵ̾Ϣ
ϧھȻڵ֮У
̾Ϣɽ֮оȻ˼Ϊһ仰
仰ҶȻһ¶һ˿ã֮ɫ
𾪺ãĲɽ˴ڣãĸ֮֡
ĸ֣һ磬ӲĽĲһ϶ǾҪŬ϶֮оʲôʱٿȻ£
ȥɣ
һ仰Ҷüͷ΢壬о˸ʵ㣬˭
ݵĳĬ֮ٴ𣺡ѾԼ˭˿ļѣȥӣ
磿Ҷ΢΢һٿȻɴ۾磿
ʱԣ֮ɣ
ܴ˿Ҷɻ󣬵еɻҲȲϡѡĸ֣Ŀһɽ֮Ȼתһ̼Ѿ֮С


1937 ֮
뿪Ҷ磬Ҷоһһֽѣͬʱһ˿¡
ֱʱŶȻ׹ʵԼ̤Ҷһ̿ʼѾһֱ仯Ӱ죬ֻǣֱ仯̫ϸ΢û˿Ĳ
仯ĸĿģܹκϢ֮һм䡣
ֻǣȻҶ벻׵ģ˿ϤУ
ԴڱܵһϤԲĳӰ쵽ģҶеλֲҲ޷
ϤԼѪ֮ʱԴѪеϤ
һĿһҶ磬Ҷ֪ԼȻǸʱԼҪŪš
Ҷ׼ת뿪ʱͻȻǸµĲϵȻٴԺ֮𣺡һ
ҶعʱһͬĶ˲ӿԺ֮С
˿Ҷڵ֮Ļôͻ֣ᷢЩʵϾĳֵƣδһֵơ
Ǵһӵ·֮ϣܸоһֳʱĲǴڵʱ䣬Ѿ൱ľԶ
ЩƣҶԺ֮вͣƶϵϣֱ۳һսĿھ
֪֮УҶȫ񣬾Ѿοھ֮С
ΪοھصһַԶԶĿǰ֪һսһз
żǴʥսսʽҶԼѨλַ֮ȣȫû˿ɱԡ
֮Ҷĸо֮УַѾԽ˾һз֮ϣ£ͬЩʩչķһ㡣
֮
Ȼһܹ˲ս
ܹͬǸֲĴ֪޾֮Ĩȥļ䡣
ҶԼָоκεķսġ
֮ȴǿƾ־ʱĳļʱĳ̣ǸʩߵΪ
ֻϧҶûʱ䣬ԽֻǽеĿھУȻȻ뿪Ҷ磬ȥ
磬Ѿȫ֣ҽ֮ǵأ֮Уһ˼
֪жѾЩûͷĹɣޱȵ֮󣬺͹Ϊһ壬Ϊһ֡
Ψһû⵽ϮģֻʣҶˣҲѾָ˿֮һģòһֵӲķֿ
ÿҶˣȫǹģ
ǿ˴ˣ˴ˣ֪˴ˣݷؼֻʣԼһ˵Ĺ¶УȫΧ
ֹ¶ĸоҪӵĿֲ
ڹ¶֮УǻὥʧǣĿʼԲУɱԼ
ģҶ֮ΪˣѾ޷ǸеĹ¶Ҷڷһʹ˻֮˫ʮָԥĺݺݵĲԼţ˺ѪҺ
ǣҪԼ࣬ʹʱЩĺɫȴǷһӲֹΪܾ֮Ȼ֮Ȭ
Ҳ˵ƵĴݲԼȴʼ޷
ˣҲøָķͷֹ¶ÿ˶뵽ֹ޾ãܵʹ֮У
ΨһˣʮҶȻϥǿԼ侲𽥽뵽һҵľ֮С
ȻɿΪ֮ħҶļˣʹԽĥԽңͻԽˡ
֮зһУɶָƣЩͷĹÿһ˵ǲһ˿һ㣬ͷųĺӵŨӵĴ⡣
ħΪãԼΪ
ڲӣǳɴʱĵ׵ĹҲޱȺӰ֮£Ƶ첻κε˺
ҲѾˣԼ˵йɶЧģҶĲ״Ҳᱻɹչǵǰ
Ȼ˵ǲںЩǵҶ˲ͬҶˣҶƴȫҲҪȥˡ
ˣһͷѾ˾ҪԱ꣬ԼٱǧıɱɣҲҪһ˺
ΪңΨһܹġ
ϧǵ뷨ӲɭĿ⡣
¶ǳЦݣĵ濴ǶǸҶȻȹҪҳϣڶޱȵĺ棬Ǹʲôˣ
ңĺģ
һƽ綼Ϊ֮ɵı


1938 
ȻһϯصѪɫ磬˾ӿڵѪӣ֮䡣
Ѫ֮Уͷųʱڣ޴ڵĺɫڳѪ֮ڳȥ
ЩͷĹѪӵ֮ʱͬһ㣬ʼûκα֮ϣȻ¶ŨŨη֮ɫ
ÿһֻﶼڷǰӣҪֲ
ǣһеͽ͵ģѪӵڴ˿ѾһƬ֮һ֮ڵĺû˿ֿıѪ֮С
ȺڣӣѾʼİһ󣬱ǧһٵһʮһֱİһ
÷ɽڣ̰е̫ϳϷֱʮ򣬲ٿڵֵܵ
˳ھ뿪ȺڣҶߵʱ龡ǣķԼо󷨡
ʱ㣬Խ࣬󷨵Խܹﵽһĵزô赲˵Ĺ
ҲΪȺµһǿĺ֡
ֻǸʱ˳ʵ۹ⶼޣû뵽ˣҲŵȼ֣Ҳʵߵ͵Ĳͬ
ˣȻѾıȺﵽ˼£ϧͷųĺȻû̫ǿá
ɣ˵ȺڵӱɵҪϺܶࡣ
ںĲϮ֮£ʼɰһʮһֱһ󣬶ʱ÷ɽѾϣ׼󷨣еĵӶʱ
ȻܵĺʼԼٶԶ룬ϡգ۵ĹηȺڵĺȻʧһգ»ָǬ
ͻȻı仯ôȺʣȫסĿ鲻Խ˳Ǳ£һɫĺȥķȻžѪӡ
Ѫӵ봦һһѪɫˣޱһһ㣬߲ʣ
Ҷ
÷ɽڼ˵ĿУѵ³ÿ˵ӡԺе֡
ҲǼҶ뿪֮ʮʱ֮ٴļҶ
͵Ҷòûκεı仯ֻƣϢȴ˷츲صı仯
һ̣÷ɽ˼ҪȥĤҶĳ嶯˵ȺڵӣǴ˿ѾĹڵأҶǲߴ󣬵ȴ߲ʵӰֱֱĹȥ
ͬΣڵ½طݡ
ԭɽ򡭡
һһӰȥһƬһƬʿȥһȺһȺȥ
ڣԾɻŵ飬˻ޣ˿̣Ѿȫȥ
ĸԸĵĹݡ
ΪģΪ磬֮·ϣ漣ˣܹڽѵʱͻȻ֣Ǿ¡
ݾֵ֮ǵĹݣ
ͨ
ͨ
ͨ
ȥģǲӣ
ǱѾֲסѾ׼Ա꣬ͬھǹؼʱ̣Ҷڳˡ
Ҳս
ҶլϿյĺҲȫɢ¶һѾԼ˵ҶˣǸʼӣɽҶ
û˺ǵȻ޷Ȭ˿̣ÿ˶һϢ˿ϵʹԶԶȲǳ˾˫ۡ
޿ãǰĪľ
Ҷ
ͻȻԼɵҲصһ£ΪҶһӷ˽磬һʿʦܣɱƼˣʵûа취ԼᲢۡ
ȻڣûзʿȴϢĳ󣬲ҳֵ˲䣬ԾѪӣɵյԼͷųħԼħ
ȻתѪ˫ĿĶҶϵ֮ɫɢָƽ
ϾɣɱѾ޷ƣֱħٻ׾ħѪ˿̵ħ⣬Ὣκ˷
ȻͷԼ촽һЦҶˣҵþˣ
ҶƽĿ£˫֮Ҳû˿ĲǰһУ·Լʹྭû˿Ĺϵһ
ŭ˼µı֣Ҫɱı֣
ħˣҪɱҶңɱңɱ𣿡
Ҷûÿʳһ⣬±һܵѪ֮Уͻһˡ
һ仰˵꣬ҶѾվǰ֮ѪӿľŵˣѾ۳һɣŷŭֱ֮ʣȫ˺飬ӿ뵽޾֮У


1939 ħ
ҶɫƽϢĸоȻڶ˵Ŀ⣬ȴûзɵϣע磬ԼȻŵ
û˺ɣȻһЩҴĻǵˣǵͬţǵ㣬ȴ̫̫֮С
Ѿлعڶͬʱ˱ʹ֮

ӣ
ʦ֣
ʦ
Ĵ㳹׵磬ĶҲȫȻʱ䲢Ƕڷ˺ʿ˵ȴǸ޷ֿ˴
ڣʮ֮ŵ
ģ࣬ʿӵԵ
ʮ֮ţֵĻһΪӴܹﵽ֮
ЩҶΪıǳʺĻҲǱٴεĳŤת

Թ
ڣڳľ壬ͬɽһ
˵ǰ磬һ٣˻ˣôƬ֮䣬Ѿȫһգһĺߣߵľͷʱ̶пܳսᡣ
ҶڵĿŵľЩ
ҶȻⲢʲô֮ˣ壬¾飬ҲǣɱĶǸɱ֮ˣĶǸ֮ˣԲйɱ޹
һҵı̼࣬һƬƬãĴأήѪڷڡ
䣬Ҷң
Ҷ֮ˣ˿к͸¶־֮ɫͬһ㣬һһģļ䣬
ΪһУԴ
飬飬飬еһ̣ҲĳҶ꣬ڵ֮ĲʼһɢֱʣǱһ㡣
ϧ֮ȴҲѾ˼£޷ٳһˣҶԾδʰԼĵġ
ҪˣĲҪˣ
ԼȱʧʲôҶʱǸȥᣡ
Ȼͨ쳹صͨ޷ģľˣҲܸԣҪģԼˣȥ磬
һѪͻȻͬӵңֱӾҶˣѪ֮УȴһĨɫĹâҶ˰
ľϵʥ֦
֦Ǿ˵֮£ҶܵƣԼٶţֻǣиղǶοֲҶȴ
Ĳֻҩҽ
ֹܹ¶ĿֲӰ֮߳ô˵Ҳһ£ٿǵΪǵľٴ
ǣ߲ǵ֮·ˣյˣ
дµ䣬±ɷҲǲܣ
ԴˣҶͬΪ
ΨһҶеοģҶ
Ҫһ컯ҶҺˣؼʱ̣ΣңȻܹԻܹպسɴ
ѾعҶˣҶԺ֮鲻Խĸֳ˵һ뿪Ҷʱ顣
һΣӡˣҲǶҶչһɱ
ȻԼͺΣͷϻأºԼȴǻں޲ѣҲǽеĹԼϡ
ҶԪһȰο𽥽⿪Ľᡣ
ڣʱʮ꣬һĻȻٴݡ
ңһԼѾǸ߸ϵˣҶܵʹȴǱһҪӵĲҡ
ԼүүҶԪҶڣΪߣǲǿⲢǾҪܱ˵۸˲ңҲˣǱǣǲҪ£ҪԸ̬ȥ
үүǵ˵Ļʼģ죬Ҫ㿴Ҷ˿ȻŵңҶԸ̬ȥģ
죬Ҫңұ죬Ҫңұط
Ҷ쿴ͷһƬյĺڰ׽ΣԼ֮У仰
Ҷ
ٴηһȣȻˣҶûпԼͽԼֱӵĸоʮֵĲˬ
Ҷͷ۾ڿɣϺȻ¶һЦݣӽΪħƼң𽥵Ĵʧκˣκ񣬶Ȳǣ죬ʹ㿪ʼ
˸ŹâЦЦ֮Уٴɫ
֮Уĸֳ˾ŰѺɫĵΧߣֹͬһ㣬һ
ҶȽҵľħ˵ɣ
ɵһЦƯǾŰѺڵͻȻһһɷâ¶ǿҵ˲ƿ˺
һħն


1940 նһ
һħȻӾŰѵ֮гɲ֮仯ûκεĻڣֱֱ϶£Ҷһն
һ⵽˼㣬ǳĵȴضΪ֮𶯣޼᲻ݵķ񣬸ȫκζ֮նǱһΪ
ǰѾ۳ǧߣͬκһնԼħҶɫƽ֮վﾹȻһƺҪӲһն
һĻòɫɲǼò԰ޱȣ
ȻΪҶɣǱϾҲǰˣˣܹĸܵһ̺ǿֲϢ
ǵĻ֣ҲûеȥӲһС
ȻҲˣԭʼգɶûнǵɶ֣ǵһϷˣûж
ڣչֳʵ
ȻҶȻҪӲһǳǵǺųǿϹ壬Ҳûĸˣ˲Ҫɣ
䣡
ڲӵĵ֮УһħնҶϣҶȻҲûж㣬һնС
ͷʼ֮ĳһɫԶԶȥҶϣһһΪѷһ
Ҷն
һʵ̫࣡
ͻȻҶĿڣ˵仰ɫҲɱƽƺһն˵һû˿Ĺϵ
һâ֮ϵǵ˲ɢһա
仰£Ҷ˫֮ͻȻֳһ˿ɻ
˭
ԼӡУû˵֣ΪʲôԼʱ򣬻˵ɵĵһħ޷Ტأ
ȻҲһ㶣ȻָһɱҶٿԽҶ˼ܵСˡ
ǣҶˣ
ڶħն񣡡
Ц֮УǰٴγһħȻ˲Ǵ˰֮䣬һҶݺնȥ
͵һħĹʽһģһʵϣҶĲһɢĵһܹնһС
һĵȻܿȴõģΪն
ҶСսĵҲרĹǵһμ
Ȼûз
ɲǣüѿü֮ϣͬޱ飬ſͣ³һ֣飡
ﬣ
ʱǱĳ֮ݺײ֮䣬ȻƣһǰͷʱֹסԱʱٶȥ
˵ߵʱ򣬶Ȼһ촫飬ޡ
ħն꣡
ħն֮꣬նҪӵĸ߼
ֻϧҶ꣬ټϼٵϴ񣬼ͳ̶Ҫǿ
ֳѪ׵ľͽһƽ
ʣħɵĲٿ֮£ιȫҶ׵Ļ⿪
ɵɫԽԽѿһħҲ޹ʱĿжȻһĳХ
ħնһУ
Űħͬʱŵͬ˾ɺХŻһеƣٴҶն˹
ڣ⵶ȫͬǰЩɫħһ㣬ħɵȴǸӵĿ¡
Ϊ޾ķ֮⣬Żصħģ֮ɸɽΪ촷ۣǧɴ˲ɺԣޱߴֱɳĮⱾѾ˿֮ϣٴκݺݵһΣ
ħ֮ħ־֮һУ
ڿк϶ΪһȻ۳һʮ֮ĿֲҶն
ҶվԭأʼնûҪÿ߶㿪ͷǵݺʮɵĵǾѪӣȻҲͬǾһ˲һ𣬻һ޾Ѫӣӭĵ
ˣ
߻ûӴǸǾ˵ƣȴѾ˶޷ٱվƣȫɼĵ˵ϡ
ҶɵһսΪʵ̫ˣΪսĿ
ǵĳ˿־;ηΪ̶ֳȵĴ򶷸ģȻǹڵϣ޷ֱӡ
ڣɽʼĺʼݺԣ嫵ĺҲ˲ͱһ롣
Ψһûмٵģ
ȻҶȫ£ڽѾ̫̫࣬κһǴ޽ԪͷֻأҲҪУסÿһҴ
䣡
Ѫӣںݺݵײһ


1941 ŭң
ԭ˿⵶Ѫӵײ͵صľײһԻľ޴ƻ֮类һпܡ
ںܶ˶ѾŶ䣬Դȴһ̵Ľ١
ǣǰľȴǳ˵ϣ
ѪײɲǣȻٴαǣΪ֮һ޾ӣͨһ㣬ֱӽܹնһеǿᵶȫɵˣ
һʯ˺嫵Ĵ֮Уֻǽһ˿СС˻δκεĲˣ
ΪľħһնϢ뵽ͨѪ֮УһУعƽ
˿̶ĿɿڴҲǲ⣡
ûע⵽ڵѪɵһ̣Ҷƽϣӿֳһ˿쳱Ȼ˲ɢʵϣȴˡ
һУΪŵǸһͷԣǿнݵĿֲȫɵѪ֮УɵԼڣԼˣײ֮
ȫ֣˿飬»ٵ磬ҲϧҶͬ
ļңĸֻҪһڣҪס硣
ѾΪҶˣΪڵΪǷֲھ֮УҶһֵܺǡ
ҶгһգǻصʱѾһķĹʶһжѾʷĳ뵱ԼѯйʱԼԶԣ
ˣƴˣɵĵȫɽԼڣ
ʱ˿̣ҶڣѾһս
λ۷徳˵ȫһ֮г׵ıǿǿԻصı֮Уһļء
նҾŵɸ
ҶڣƽϿ˿˵ļ󣬲Ҳ֪Ͻ취˵ĻƱӵĶ񻯡
Ҷ£µǣԼ֮еҶˣе綼ȥԣҪԼƶ֮ǰɽ
Ҷ仰ɴ֮лعȻѾһ˿壬ԾɫһЦкβң
ҶҲϻһУǻ۳һ޾Ѫ֮УȻɳһŹ٣ͨѪ죬չˣֵǣԭҵϣȴֻҡ
⣬٣
ӵõ֮Ҷûʹù죬ǵһΣ
һҶ֮УٷԼϥ֮ϣƽעɣϺУȴԶһ˿Ҫˣһ٣ǼȱҲ޷ͣ£㽫мĿܣ֮ɢޡ
ϻ˵쵯
ⷬ˲мӵĻɲǼ伤еŭ˫ԲɣŤŭҶ
ɵӣҶһ˿ײ΢Цڵŭң𣡡

һȻ𶯣һ
ʱһŭ⣬Ȼ֮䣬綯ֹؼžֻǵϵĻڡ
ֻһܹԣͱҶȼŭ˿ĵŭ֮£ͬϽһ㣬˲һ𣬻죡
ŭѬ֮£һŭĹȥȫڴ˿̣Ժ֮С
ʱͬ˵۸ʱиֵļ֮ʱħ֮ӵıġ
еŭʼԿֲٶȲţֱȻſͣ췢һŭ
𣡡
һɫˣȻĿͬһһ㣬ֱʣ綼΢΢
ɵ˫֮УѾȫѪ¼ŭȻѾ۳ͬʵʰĴڣ󣬸ǸֳһͷĹ˫۾֮УȻҲǳܵŭ
֮ŭ
ٿضԷеĳҶһ۾ܿɣȻΪħˣȻ˰Уѹޱߵŭ⣬ֱӵ֮ŭ֮ǰȼŭ
߻֮£ױԼŭΧҪȥͻȻŭ
Ȼͻŭ֮УֱԼճɻҽ
ٵĿֲ֮򵥵һõ֮Уʧң
ң⻹ֻһҶܹȫȫ֮лһĹ
˼壬ȫ֮ӣ񣬶ɱ


1942 
ɵ֮ϣܵĻ棬ɫһֵĻɫ
ⲢʵʴڵĻ棬ԼŭΪѻһĳ̶ȣѾͬʵһ㣬֮˳
ѾȫԼŭɣҶɫƽĵҸ߿㣬˵ˣһ޷꣡
ѾŭɣҶϽ͵Ļ涸Ȼٴδܸ˰ɡ
㣬
ɵĿУ¶ѾǺ壬˫ͬŻĿ⣬ȴĶҶ
䣡
ͻȻ̧Ҷһ
һ̤£ضȻһһյĺɫ˲˷ԲĴأȻɵŭ¡
һĻҶе΢΢ݣΪȻԼɹŭңȼɵŭ׵ıԼŭΧȴԾûʧңԾִŵҪɱҶ
ϿȻĺȴԼֵľ񣬻˵һֵģ
ģ
Ҷһ˿ɻ󣬵ʲôΪʲôԼԺֻ֮ͻȻͬǰһ
ڲ˼ʱѾٴһ֮ٴδһ޴ѷ쿪ʼ˽ڵĵ֮ϡ
Ҷɫ˲ָƽָٴβһңң𣡡
һܹﶼ޴ֻŵɵԺ֮Уֱը죡
֣֮
־壬ÿ壬䣬ǵһ̣ͻڵһ
ֻÿ־Ķͬ
еˣ־常ĸŻǵĸֹ
еˣ־ҹϨ֮ĺڰ
еˣ־һУ
ɣΪħᣬ̤ݹߵ˽죬Ȼ־ʲôڰ͹Ҳп־ĶǾħ棡
ħ̼ǾÿһħΪ־Ķ
Ȼħ֮⣬ûκκܹۼħ񣬵ֿ־壬Ǵÿһħ֮ʱʹڣһֱܵĿ־壡
ΪħѪҺħһͷͿܣ͵ջ֮£ֿ־ԽԽħӰĿ־֮С
ȻҲ⣬ǿܹȡħ񣬳Ϊħ񣬲ȻĻֿĿ־壬Ͳʧ
˿̣ҵ𣬶ʱͬһˮͷβĽϣȻӿŭͷﶼ˲䱻Ϩ˴롣
ɿҶҶˣȻưܣȴȻڡ
⣬ħٻ
ɱҶˣɱҶ磡
ȻȻһûɣ
ټϣǰҶδ֮ʱͻȻðһԤУΪħ潫硣
ǣħˣԼһûɣǵȴԼģħŭ
뵽ɵжȻӿһɿ־壬˲ȡŭ֮ӿ
ҶҶұ𣡡
ȻڶҶ˵֮ûавͿеֻԴĿ־壬ڰҶһ
Ѿȫɵˣίʵ޷ţǰ˿־԰ҶȥˣǸղŻ֮䣬ɱħᡣ
ҶƽⲢǵ֮ʱҪ֤Լ޾ϲ󣬲ȻĻ֮ˣͬҲ˼
Ҷģɣ㲻֪һħͻˣ˼ˣûҾҪˣ
ڰ󣬲ȴٴ̧Ҷһ
ڿ־Χ֮£ȻţҪҶɱ
ħħķӣԼħᣬֵĵ
ҶжȻð뷨Ȼ֮һ֣Ҳٴ¶ã֮ɫһš
ң𣡡
û˿ԥҶһεĸң
֮
κĵһͿʼ
ȻǸ߸ϵ񣬻µµΪķˣЩϣÿη壬ͬʱҲΪһ
Ϊ֮󣬶ÿ˵һĪĺ棡
Ϊ֮󣬻תƽڣΪ֮󣬻˾ǻʱµ
ÿһ壬֮󣬶Ÿֲͬļغʹԣֻǣûκȷʵ֤ܹ֤ЩԵ٣
Ҳÿ֮Уһ
ʱ˿̣ɵиֱӵĸֳһͷ֮󣬵׻ʲô


1943 
ͻȻðͷҰһ㣬ţɵüĽѿ߳ϾȻһɳճյĿϲ
ˣ
ɵ꣬ʼۿɼٶѸͣȻѾ޷Ǹ֮ĳ
ŭͿ֮£ɶûͷĳ֮£ڲɱ׼Աꡣ
ͬʱҶ˫۶ȻһȻԱɲϣġ
۷ʵԱĿֲԻὫһ
ڵҶΪոһʵ޷Ա֮£ֻһ㣬ɵꡣ
Ȼɵ֮УȴǳһɿֲϢڿٴλ۳һͷĹ

ͷѾﵽ˼£˶ȫķ˻ȥϣ꣬Żɢ˿ֲ
һܹ˵һɣ
֮ŨȻײҶָ֮ϣʱָ̱һ˲˻ɫʯһԼٶȣҶƣҶӶȥ
ҶıЩôͬһһ
һѪָͷ֮һţǿǰѾﵽ˰ɷΧŨҶüͷ
û뵽һ
ɵԱ꣬ǿֲɱκһֻ֣Ҫ赲סܹ糹׻
Ҷ֮⣬ҶҲ޷ѣ
ۿɵ꣬ѾҪ͵˼ޣƬ̾ͻȫըҶһҧ˫Ȼ棬̫ͼͬͳͳ
ת
Ҷ׼ʩչӹѧĶת֮ÿռ䷨֮ǿнԼĿռ䣬תƵ֮УĻܹӹһ٣ȴһܹҴ
ϾˣɵΪ£ԿԵֵԱͿֲ
ʱһƽȻ𣬴Ҷʩһ磬

֮䣬ͻȻƾնһɷ磬Ӧһ
Ȼǿ󣬵֮Ũ˼µȴǶȻһ˳ȥ
Ҷ˳ȥķȥȻ֣Ű֮⣬֪ʱѾһӰ
ӰͬһΣĿҶɵĴ֮۶޷͸ֻܿһ˫û˿飬ݷѾһеı۾
һ̣ҶͫȻѾȻվ۵һĨε𾪣
ΪӿӿӰĿУ
Ӱֵĺɫ壬Ȼ
ԭɫģ˵ʱ򣬻еĻɫȻܹ۳Ũĺɫ֪Ǵﵽ˾˵ĵز
Ӱܵͷųǵֱͬ׺һڰ㣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾȫıӰɣһ˻ûм
ʧȥ֣¶ɶѾ͵ĳּ޵꣬ªĹһߴʮɣϣѾһơ
ȻɼԱ

һȸղŸǿӰĿдʱɵ֮꣬£ͬղŵһ㣬ͬû˿ĵֿ֮˶ԷĿС
գ۵ĹħᣬպܳԽħ֮ӵɣ׵Ĵʧˣ
˵ɣͬǰΪԼʵԼĲҩԼʳһҲӰʳˣ
ҶվԭأĶǸŵӰкȻӿһֵĸоǾԼʶˣ

ʶԼ˷ǳϤ
پǸղ˵Ǿ䡰һ磬Ѳ³϶Ҳеˡ
ֻǣУʱһôǿôǰ˵
ҶӰͬʱӰ˫˿۾ҲͬעҶ
˴˶ӣȴûһȿڡ
ڲӺҶҵˣӰΪҶİ֣ǿǳ֪Լ뷨ǴģԷܿҲҶĳˣ
ң˵ʵҪԶԶղŵɣ
㣬˭
Ҷ̲סȿڡ
ӰҶ֮󣬲ŻڵҶ磬ѵ㲻ʶ𣿡


1944 ɱ
ɵͬ꣬ǸŨ֮еӰɵͬʱھ죬ħ̼סĿռ֮ڣȻһŭ
һһ
̼ǷŭΧ֮ڵһУ˲仯촷ֻۣǸߴɵϷһתĽɫ壬Ȼ
̼ģѾͷڷǾǰ
һɣ֮д̼㰲ħǱŭһ̼ȻúޱȣãһȥǸ磬ҶץҵʬȻȥɱҺ˵ˣ
֮Ըˣ
еͻȻʧһָֻƽǰĹ֮Уһ˿˿ƣʼ𽥸֡

ڣҶǸĿŮ޷Ӱڶš
Ҷ磡
ϤĳƺҶ΢΢һ
жܹ꣬һˣ࣬ÿһԶǺŹĽ飬׵ܵܣһˡ
ҶԿ϶ǰˣԼϤ֮ˣ
㣬˭
Ҷٴγʵ
ͣ
Ũ֮УȻһЦЦûǰֲвŮһŮ˵ĽЦֻ⽿Ц֮Уȴû˿鶯֮Уɬ֮⣬һŨŨ⣬Լһ˿޵Գ
ˣЦһ̣ҶȴٴһΪǵ
ЦǸӰܵȻ磬߷ɢ󣬻ֻ޴ĺɫ򣬸Ӱĺ󷽡
ȻʧȥİҲ¶ӰʵĿ
Ҷ񣬲Ϊľڵ֮УҲܹ̩ɽǰɫĵز
ǵĲ״Լ˵ʹ֮ʱҲܹޱ飬ϲŭ
Ȼڣǰ֮˵ʱȴѵõ¶֮ɫ²ȣӲ˳һ֪˿ĵ֮磡
㡭
򵥵֣ҶĿ³ȴԵΪļѡ
ǵģǰӰ
Ǹʼմһ˿㣬ǸҶҺҶɭ֮Ϊһµ
ֻǣ˿̵֮㴫еģֻǵѪ֮ζȻϣҲʧȥκε鶯еģֻͬҶɽǰƽȻ˫Ӧû˵۾ڣȴͬغһ㣬Ż֮ȥı䣡

ǸҶӡ֮Уû۳СŮȴǱһƣܹ׼ɵɵǿߣ
̶ʮʱ䣬ʵܹ֮Ҷ޷顣
ֻǣʵȴȻǲҶɫǺ䣬ƺ¼κ¿Դı䣬һж˵ֻȴӲĽıˣ
ôˣ
ϳ֮Ҷ¶˺εĹģո˳ȥĽŲٴ˻ǰ߳
Ȼ֮һǿѹȴòͣҲ¶֮ɫ
ǰҶڵȻйģǳ֮Ҳ뷨ĺѩ̼֮ҶѾ˰Լİ
ʵǱ°ߣǼҶһôкܴĿܣҶӣĪ硣
ֻϧ컯Ūˣ°ߣĪĳ֣һαӦнԵӲŤתһߵ־档
ΪʱҶĸ׵Ĺ뿪ûкøУκҪӽԣᵭȻ֮
ڣˣѾĪ磬ԶκһҶаŮˣֻ˵Ǹ
Ů˻ãûκεǧ˪Ᵽһľ롣
ǣΨжҶ˱Ǹ֮⣬һԼ˵ĸ顣
飬ҲͰ޹أͶ޹أֻҪţָͲ١
ΪָĴڣѣҪҶҲκεԥ
ˣڵȻҶ֪ϵ׷ʲôȴһָоһУԺԼйأ

Ҷص񽥽ĸʱ˿̣Ĳ֪˵ʲô˺֮⡣
ȻһЦȴǶȻĿдҶ磬ɱģ


1945 ˺ҧ
ɱ㣬ɣΪһ壬ͻԶĺһκҲ޷ˡ
ڼΪƽ˵Ļȴ²Ǵĵðһɺ⡣
Ȼǲ֪ҶĹȥǴҶ̬֮УԼҲܲ³ţֻͬҶһɻǾŮ˵ģΪʲôϻ۳˿ֲ
˵һ¶һ˿ôϵ΢µĻپҪγɡ
Ҳ˵Ůӣӵʵɱ֮Żõġ
һɣʵû˿Ĳͬһɣһɱ¾
ʿѾܼ򵥵ĹΪħˣǾ˵ö֮ĴڣκʿҪȫɱĴڣ
ȻֻǲĿǰ뷨ʵ֣Ϊǿĳ˵ҶΪŮӣûлʤĿܣ
ǲпĻҶɫȴƽһͷԣҵȵģû㣬ҲͲнҶڼȻҪҵñǣΪҪɱңϣ㲻ҪǨŭҵļˣҪǨŭ磡
˵仰֮ҶȻϥѪӺ٣ڣҲҪĺɽҲѹס
עҶȻ̧û˿ԥһҶǰƾһŨ֮УѸٵγһͷſݺݵҶҧȥ
ۣ
һѪɽҶϵһ⣬ͷӲ˺£Ҳ׽ֱӾȥ˲仯֮ϡ
ȻҵʹϮȫ£ҶɫȴƽֻǿУȴǶһ˿ʹ
֪˿̵ǣӦǱĳǿĨȥ߷ӡֻʣһɱ¾ġ
ңַӡĨȥǵַҲҶɢ߽⿪ģ޷Լ֣ԣѡ˱ɱ
һ֮УҶԼţ˵Լ죬أҲֵܣΨһǷģֻˣŮˣ
һĪ磬һǰ
꣡
ͷһںݺҧ£һѪҶǰأѾѪģ¶߹Ǻࡣ
ɳˣʿܵˣҲҪʹҪ󺰣Ҫйʹࡣ
ǣҶ˿ȴɫƽƽˣڿһڱϵıһ
ӱ˴˶һۣһҧվ
ȻҶĲıɱΪūͣΨһ񣬾ǱҶԴʱ˿̣޷ľҶıɱ
֪ҲҪΪң
£
Ҷ³֣ȴó̹ԹԵ£Ҳκε

һӣ֮Ҳɳһͷ
ͷͬʱ죬һһңҶݺݵҧȥ
Ƭ̹ҶѾһѪˣ֮ϣѾҲҲһ˿õĵط
ƬƬѪϵĸ˿֮ӿһ˶˿֮£ܹĿĹͷ࣬ϣҲɼǵ˿ڣô˿̵ޱȵĿֲ
סְסְ
ʱһϵͻȻ·𣬽ţһĵӰ˹ȻҶԪ
֪޶ǶȢ磬ҵҪұôģԣҪ֣͹ңҵĴҪֶɱҰɣɱҰɣ
ҶԪ׷ԲԣɫĳſеƴĴţ˻ߣݺᡣ
λˣҶ֮飬֪Ҳ˼ҶɴཫҲȢؼңҶݣӵӣʵǷǳ顣
ǶҶԸļΪ˽⣬ҶԪ֪ҶǸܻͬģֻա
ȻڣѾʧȥԸû˿ԥҪҶɱʱҲ޷ӣ˱˴֮ʵľ޴࣬еĹԼϣϣԴҶ
ҶоһҶԪߣֱӽϻԭأͬʱһӣһҶȫֹ֣Ҷκ˻ȥ
ҶܹǣҵģԼļˣڵѾʧ˱ԣүү˻̼ԲóסҶˡ
ڣûҶԪĺָͷݺݵ˺ҧҶ壡
¡
ͻȻһ춯صľȻ


1946 ħ
ͻȻľ죬𺳵Ĳ磬ǧ磬е졣
ž촫ģѵľ𶯣
ǧգݷ˱Хĺ󣬶ÿһ磬ڴ˿̶˺֮ϵһҶۣھ޴֮£ɪɪ
ÿһ֮Уӭһֲĺƽ٣ضɽҡѣɽ󺣸ɺԣ
ֺƽ֮п
ڳɹˣ
һ˿ϲĴ쳹ǧϿա
ǹ֮Уһһݺύѷ֮УͻȻһѷ챻˺ѿһСķ϶ţһͷ˫ǣͷİӰֱӴ϶뵽֮С
ѾʼձɫƽҶھһ̣ɫ̴䣬Ȼվ͵̧ͷա
Ŀ⣬۳ʵʵĹʣһֱңң޾֮УֱײǸͷİӰ
ٺ٣Сӣأ㷴Լʡӵ
Ӱͷ֮ϣ¶һ˿Цݣ˫ĿȻһҶĿ⣬ʱĿѣ֮УеҶҲǸͬܣȻһѪĵĲ˺ֱ˳ٲǿվ
ǿ
һۣͽԼ֮ԶȻ˵ԼˣǴ˵ʵҲǳԼ̫ࡣ
һ̣ŰӰҶЩʿԼʱĸо
һָɵֿǿʵʵǰԼ˲һ˿ͷеģֻǹԹԵĳ
ħ񣡡
ҶѪ˿֮УɼѾҧһ𣬼ѵ³֡
ȻĵıӡԼĵ飬ѹԼħҪɱ֮˵飬ɵϣоϤħ֮ٽ֮ǰ˵ħԽٷ˽磬ԣƶϳǸһ۾ͽԼ˵Ӱݡ
Ȼħֻ̼һ
Ͼ˽֮ŵ֮ı˵λ֣֮£Ҳȫƿԣֻܴһ˿϶϶롣
һӵеʵҲʿ֮ϣĿǰҶܿġ
ڲ³˶Է֮Ҷؽҧ˼תȻħɱԼģԣҪ취ܹȫԼļˡ
ǣһ˼ҶһƬȻΪûκεİ취
ڳʵ֮£ԼѱοԼļˡ
ȻʱԴӾ֮󣬾ֹͣ߶ͷҶ˺ҧűħһÿѪҶоȻһ˿ŭ
ָоĥҶһɱУκˣ׼Ҷһ£
Ҷۣ
ߣ
˵ʵڵ֪ԼΪʲôֵ뷨뷨ȴԽԽǿԽԽŨȻһҶǰ˫۶ɵĳȶǱͱĿ⣬ݷ𶳽һ㣬ա
֮ϣʱڳħ̼Ӱ
ͷߣټϻɢǹ׼Իصѹֱһħɽһ㣬ڸ߿֮ϡ
ڣȫ˾ֹ
粻ٶˮ
ǲ룬ǲң
ħ̼һ۾ͿҶ϶ʱ¶˿ŵЦݣȤȤҶһȻܽ˳ӣǸ߿ˣģҲɱ㣬һὫʬʱһϸߵͣѩ֮ܣ
£̼Ȼ֮УȻſռ䷨֮Ŀռ䶼ȫҶֱץ
㣬ܶ
ͻȻĿдͬʱ˫Ȼһȣʱȫ۶ɵȻ̼ץֻơ
飡
ݺݵײھ֮ϣȻ˺ѿһССĿӣȻ΢һΪȴǳ׵ļŭħ̼һģӣҲҶӳ֣һССǵ죬ղžɱӵĺˣھɱ㣬Ȼȥ
΢΢һת׼ֱץȥɫƽ˫ٴξ𵴣һһӿ͸ղŲͬΣÿһ֮УȻһӰ
һĻħ̼Ŀзһȣף㻹˿İȻɱЩˣ͸㣡
飡
֣ͬһһ㣬ݺݵҶУ


1947 Ѫ֮
ղţħ̼ᵽʱ򣬾Ҷһڷսһ۹֮ǰһˡ
壬֮ӣ
Ҷһֵʱ򣬲뵽ԼǴδ棬ҲΨһһû˿Ϣµʦ֣飡
飬壬˵ֻ֣һ֮
ҶΪĶӣ붼ûȥ룬ԼʦֻκεĹϵ
Ȼڣħ̼ĿУ˵֣Ȼλ
ֻǣΪλԼʦͬ
飬飡
ͬ˵ĳƺţֻһ֮
ôĪľһˣ
һ˵ĻԼʦ֣ѪĴˣΪʲôΪ񣬸ҪǣΪʲôҪ
һһˣ
ҶãȻҡҡͷοԼ
Ϊ֮ˣҶܽܵģǱѣ֮˵ıѣͬʦֵıѣԸ⿴ġ
ͬʱһȫɸͷǴɵĹ֮УòӢ飬¶һº͵Цݣҡҡͷ̼̼ô͵ҵ֣ϷȤĪǣΪҲɱ㲻ɣ
仰ᣬȴֱӴ뵽ħ̼Ķ֮Уͬһһ㣬Ȼȼյĺɫ棬˺ѿһ޴Ļڡ
ħ̼Ȼվŭĳ飬ұ棬ɱҺˣָҶҳ֣ô
º͵ٴ𣺡ҶұħһӴʧ֪ηսУŲٵĺӣӦñʺϵħ񣡡
ң̼ȻŭȻӿֳɺɫ档
㣬Կ
Ծºͣû˿Ļ仰֮Ҳʧ٣ȫȻں̼ķӦ
Ȼʧ̼֮ȻԾɳ˷ŭ۵ȴһ˿ײη塣

ڣ̼ԭץƶȻǴ˼£һԼûӰʱȫɢ
Ƽ˲䣬ͻȻҶӰǰһѪӿӿͬһѪһ㣬ӭơ
ͻȻֵҶһħ̼ȴ¶һ˿ЦҾͲ׼ɱû뵽㻹Ӣ۾¸ˣٺ٣
һգѪһ˲Сǻһ㣬׾ٵľͱץסȻһ
飡
Ѫ飬ѪΣ˷
ҶԴѪħ̼ķһ˿ûС
ˣ
ɽ֣ɢɺ֮⣬˱ŭ֮һ㣬ȻǿаҶĿƣԪޱͷų۳һ󽣣ħ̼ķȻȥ
꣡
̼зһмЦƸͣץҶ
ǴľƣҶһ֮Уþ죬ǵأ޿ɶ㣬޿ɱܡ
ڣֱӽҶץС
顱һɽҲ̼壬ȴһɸΪǿķ֮֮ϴֱӽɽõɶɲǼʧ֮䡣

ħ̼쳤ЦץסҶ˵Ŀľһ룬ܹҶƳʬôԱǸҪǿĶ࣡
ſ
ȻһͻȻ·ȶ˫޴ĳ򣬾Ȼֱ̼ǰ̲غһĿ⣬Ķ̼Ŀ֮͸ĺ⣬ܵһж
̼üͷȻẦǶ飬һַĵη塣
ҲţԼɱǰôҲԻԳУ׵ĽԼħһȫĴĨɱ

̼һ֣һ˷ɳһ籩ס壬ҪʱߣȻԼҲɳô˻Ͻ뿪
籩˫Ȼƴȶü֮УǹĸֳһѪɫ·ͼ
һɼΪƵͼ֮ͷųһ˫ݹֱۣǰһ˺ͽǷ籩һΪ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ̼˭ҲûǱ˺ķ籩ǵ˫ȫĶü֮еǸͼ
ΪѪ֮ƣ
Ҷʧ˵ģԼĵǶѪ֮ƣѾ֮еĴ·ȴԶ
ֻǣ֪Ѫ֮ƾȻʩչʽ˾޴
Ҷûע⵽̼Уͬ𾪣ң֮£һ˿ŨŨη壡


1948 ֮һָ
ħͷųķ籩׵ıü֮еǵѪɫƸ˺ѿ
֮ɣǵѪɫƻû˫֣ȻٴαǣһִŨŨħһȴǻħƣȻ뽫Ҷȳ
飬㲻Ҫˣ
̼ٴηһŭȻֻһǱϾħǰƳһһ߿ܣȴεĽԼֱ֣ԼϣԼݡ
𣡡
̼Ȼһָͷ˹ȥ
һָݷǴݷأݷ޾ķܹ֮һе֮£˿Եֵ
磬ݷֻʣһָͷ
ָͷ׼ĲԼǴʱ˿̣ʿзˣȴһָͷÿжǿҵĸоָͷУôԼԶ׵ʧ
֮һָأ
Ѫ֮û˫ָֻ֣֮£ʱըֱըڲӣֱͬǵѪ֮֮Ҳ˲䲼ѷ죬źȻը
ָͷԾڼǰһ̣ͽü֮ϡ
Ҷ˫ĿѾԲȻָͬͷ̺֮ǿеʱȴȻѹ

һ֮ҶҲ֪Լ״˫־Ȼ͵סһֵƣʣ಻֮ͬˮһ㣬ӿͬʱ³ĸ֣֮
һɼΪҶڳ̱Ƭ֮䡣
Ƭ֮󣬿̸ֳһ˹ϲϢĹŹ·һţˣΪߵͣȴܸоĵһ̣رˣ
ԭأΪҶ³ĸ֣ͻȻľֹһУʱ뵽״̬
˼ˮ˼˼ħ̼ǸָҲ˼ǰͣ˿Уһ
̼ԭϣ¶һ˿ãƺҲԼһָҪʲô
ͣ٣ֻвɲǵʱ䣬̼̾ͻعһ˿𾪣ָȴǼǰ
תƣ
Ҷһȴ徹ȻĴ̼ס֮ʧǰӭ棬̼Ǹָ
ˣ
ಣ
һ֮⣬ңԶʣֱٶ֮죬ѾԽ˼ޣ˲Ϣ֮͵ҶߣǺɽ
ޱߺԪ䣬Ҷλס
ͬʱ䶦ҲԶҶڸ֣ͬҶ
һˮϵʥһɽķһ̣Ըо̼һָ̺ĿֲԷܲĳ֣Ҷ
飡
ָĵԪ˲ըͬɽ֮Ҳǳһѷ죬ٴԶԶķ˳ȥ
Լܹ֮дһ޵ĺӵޣ
ǣ
ָԽԪײ˹䶦֮ϣҵĲͬһѷӶи֣ȴһֻ޴ʥӰָͷһŭ
ȻָȴһָӰ֮ϣӰը䶦ȻСֱӴӿеȥһʥһ
𻵣ֻǵסָϢѡ
Ȼʱ̼Ѿǰ֮ҶæҪջָҶüʵ̫̫ǿջ֮һָվĵȥ
һָûе㵽ҶΪξȻ漣ĵҶǰԣһָԾǵü֮ϡ
飡
һɿޱȵ˲ڣɫһ̱òҰޱȣſھһ絽˿С
һַǵĸоȫ֮ͬϣͬĴһ㣬ơ
ͬŨ֮Уѷ컷ƣʱըһ
ź󷽺ݺݵĵɳȥײҶϣͬһһǰһֱӷɵ˰֮⣬Ȼصײ˵ϡ
޴ײ˲Ҷ³һѪ˲ڵƣվһ§ס壬
ʱһһ㣬ֻǲѷĴޣֵǣ֮ϣȴûаѪֻǲ˿˿ӡ
Ҷ磡
ȻʱȴʧȥͬغһҶĿ֮УȻ֮ɫ
Ҷ磬ߣҪң
ǻָ֮³ĵһ仰
仰Ҷ·Խʱգصʮɭ֮С
һҹع°ߣȻҶҪȻأǾ޴ʵ࣬ȴ޷ȳ
Ҳʱͬһ仰Ҷ磬ߣҪң
±ǨʮҴҶţһ̣Ȼٴ֣Ҷģͬһ㣬ʹ
ҲߣҶ粻ߣҶҲһ𣡡
ǲ԰׵ϣ¶һ˿Ҳһ˿Цݣ̧һҶǲ˿ڵһĵҶ磬𣿶Բ𣬲Ҫ
Ҳۣһ㶼ۣģ㲻µģҶ϶Ὣκõģ϶ģ
仰ϵЦֶһ˿ƺŨŨҸ֮Уĵүү˴磬Ƕ˵ɵ˵ҳգҾҪգҪɵҶ磬ֻߣԶԶĿ㣬˵ҲһĪҸˡ
ԺҶ㣬ȥ㣡
Ҷ磬ʵĽĽ㡭
ϵЦݣ̣ԽԽСʼɢ˫ۣ͸¶ŨŨĲᣬĿһҶڻıϣȥƣڴҶϵɲǣҲ֮ȥ

һŭ𣬰Ҷˮ쳹֮䡣
꣡
һ޴֮Ҷʼհŵĵһ֮ϣڳһȱڡ
У֮ϣһȱʧңҲ˳
֮գ


1949 
ҶԼʧĵģҲڳ˲ԾȻ֮С
һ̣һУ
ֻϧĴʵ̫̫󣬴ԸԶʧڵ֮УҲҪԼѣ
Բ𣬵꣬Ҷûܱ㣬û뵽ڣҶ磬Ծûܱ㣡
ննο˳أ
Ҷ߽ͬһ㣬΢Цͬ˯һ
ȻʧĵĻѣֵȴҲΪ뵽˾޴ıʹ֮С
ֱʹ޷κݣ
֪Լ֪ڱЩ֮УΨһȥģԼҲ֪϶Ϊ˼ԼԲŻᱻãʧҡ
ֻǣɱԼǵԼΣյʱǹɳ飬Ȼ˲ѣڷܲĵԼǰ
Ҷ˿̣ԸԼҲԸŮ
ѾԽԽᣬ֮ϣȻһ˿˿
ۡһͻȻը˿һϸɳҶָ֮л䣬ƾŬҲ޷ס

Ҷ᲻ϵ䣬ٴηһ𣬺֮УѪӴӿȻһҪǶϸɳȫѪ֮С
Ȼϸɳٴը׵Ļһͬһһ㣬ȥֱ׵ĻޣƬ֮С
Ҷڵϣ̧ͷעƬƬҲͬɥʧһ㣬һ
ͬʱ̼¶һ˿֣̿ıҲ̷֣ͬһе飬ҲɱģԼײģӦÿĺ
֮Уҡҡͷĵɱ֮˵ǿйڣվǲһ㣬¶ﵽһ֮󣬾Ȼͻָѣʧܣ
жҶĳ飬Ȼôܹӵ˲ѣҲЩ⣬Ȼţ飬Ǵ飡
˶٣ٴ¶еºЦݣһεľ飬һҾ֪ôˣǿŤĹϲӦԼɱ˺ӦþͲεˡ
Сʦܣ֮εϷʦˣżܿ죬µϷͽʼҲˣ
ʱ˿̣ħ̼ȻЦݲ䣬ȴһɱ⣺ô˵վ֣Ҫбĳͷ֮Уѡһ˰ɣ
ħ̼죬ٷֱһ£ȴεĻ³֣죡
ָոճֵɲǣڣͬսڣڻħᣬȫһֲֿơ
֮ͬһ㣬̺ϵķϣǸûκεֿϢ֮䣬Ѿȫ
֮Уһ𣬺ܿûʣֱʧ١
֮Уǰÿһ֮УһӰϴ־֮ɫȻֱǶ֪˭ɱǵġ
ȻĿзһƳ̾ϢһǼһ㣬ղŻ˵ҪĨɱЩˣŸã޷кܶɱֻҪЩʱѣ
˵֮һգǰʱһĲҽ֮˲ʧ֮С

ڣ̼ķɫøӵȻܹоԼ˵ĴƬûκΰ취ԣֻܽŭйҶй֮С
ɣ
̼ȻһһɺƵħԣǰɵ֮ͷŶͬǰɵһֻħԣҪǿ˰ٱֹ
Ȼʱһ촫ҶѾȶ˫֮ϣڷһչʺɫ١
֮ϣ˸һɷĹâԼɼѪ֮ƽ
ӵõٵ죬ҶڳɹĽȫ޸ա
ȫ֮Уһ׹Ϊ
˼壬ɱĹ
ҶϣԾɲľ޴˿ڣѪҲδ͸ɫȴǼΪƽ̧ͷе̼ĵ㲢ħˣ죬ɱķգɱ㱾ħѾҶУ

£Ҷٴβңһӹ֮Ϸ


1950 
ƽͣͬСϪһ㣬ƽͻ
˲䣬̼֮ͷųޱħԣȴӲıϡ
̼¶һ˿֮ɫΪǰȻĸֳһ档
һķ򸾣бһոճӤϲ˳Ϊ˸ĸϲ֮ɫǸӤȻһޣƺܵĳ־ţʱĸĸæҡ
̼ĿţȻ֣ķе죬ǻеӤҲԼѪĸо
ϤﾹȻӿһ˿ܰһ˿Ȼ֮䣬ķ򸾣ԼĸĸǸӤ񲻾ǸոճԼ
ԼĳƺӦǰǰ˰ɣ
Լĸĸ

죬һͬСϪˮͬشأ︴գһƬ
̼ǰĻٴα仯ȻǶԷ򸾣ֻµĺۼǸӤҲѾкͷβ͸һŨŨĻ龢
һٱ䣬ÿһ֮УǶ򸾶ᣬ۴ȰĶ𽥳ɳк
̼УĶ㣬ֱĸ۰ĸоԼѾжûиܹˣ

ٱ䣬֮ûǸкֻ˥ϵǶԸĸÿ죬ǶǰϵԶ¶ǳճյĵȴŨŨΡ
̼ˣԼʮ֮󣬱һʿУ˼磬̤֮·֪ԭԼ뿪ʱԼĸĸÿ춼ճյվǰȴԼĹ

һα仯ݷĺ磬͸ŨŨɱ֮
Ϸ򸾵֮£֮ڹֻ˿̵Ѿ˷˵ݣΪ˷и߸ϵʿ
Ȼݵı仯ø߰ԼĸĸûзһκС⣬ȻŭȻԼĸĸƿڴ
ڻ̼ȻܹܵԼʱеķŭֱ˿𣬱ӿ޿ɶƵķŭ

죬ɪɪ㣬ޱߵıִء
̼ǰĻٴα仯һ׵Ϸ򸾣ڹײ֮У˫ĿԲȻĿ
Ϸ򸾵ϣϡԿʱӣԼĸĸֻʱۣѾᣬһ̣֮
ʱ̼ϵܰȻһɨգȡ֮һĻںޣˣԼĸĸΪԼħΪԼֵ֮ĵһƷ
ԼȻɱԼĸĸ
ʱǶķ򸾶Ȼվɫָᣬֳ̼Уĵ㣬ǰɣ

̼ĺ˵Ѿ̫İĳƺģԼĸĸ˹ȥ

һ촫ŲȰףɲǼ仯Ķݵ壬ͬһ㣬˫˫嵽̼ǰǵͣݺݵҧ̼ǵ˫֣˺̼
ɱ㣬ɱ㣬꣬㲻ĸˣȻɱǣã䣬ɱ㣡
һԹ䣬Ѿķ򸾿в³
һ̣̼ϾȻ¶˾֮ɫĺţҴˣɱңɱң

ٵ
աŭ֣
֮ȻԳһС磬гһԲ̵״תſֲѹ̼ͷȥ

̼ĿжȻһҽУӰʱСײ֮£ڱ˺ѳݣֱ統С
ˣħ̼Զĳ֮У޷԰Σ
СҲâ֮УҼٲ֮¡
գ
ۣ
ʧͬʱҶȴ죬һѪֱ֮ϣñʺķ٣ٶһĨʺ졣
Ȼܹɱ񣬵ҶڵʵʩչԾвҿֻħһħĻôҲκεЧ
һѪҶͬѾ˱ļޣȴǿһԼѣ٣ҡҡλεվ
ǰ׹֮أѾûκĺۼŮӣѾ׵Ĵʧ
Ƭ֮ҶתȻɫƽȴһĨŨŨıˣòɢ
һ紵ҶǱĺڷ֮УƽһĨĿİɫ


1951 յ
ʧͬʱħ𣬻Ȼ۾˫֮ͷųĻ棡
һΣΪ˶ԸҶѾţ֮òײƿ֮÷ǰȻõģȴ˵һ³
𣬽֮ӵɱɣеԼеĺᣬҲȫ
飬Ҷǵţ˳𲻱Ϊħ񣡡
Լм˷ŭĻ֮ħӴ壬ٿȻȼ޾ɫĿռ֮ʧ
磬ڻʱİֻ磬һŨŨı֣ʮ֮ţ籾Ҳս
ҶڻصҶլ֮Ϊ޷֧ţ赹˵ϡ
ҩȪ֦֮Ҳķһµʱ䣬Žȫ
ѹ֮ҶһۿľүүҶԪͷİ׷Լ˹еӡ
һΣҶоգҵĻǣ޾Ĺ¶֮УҶÿʹ࣬Ҫ£ֱӵĺӴʱҶԪϾܿĳ
ԭٻмһۣƺѾȫǰģڣҲ¶һ˿޵
˵ԪѾ޶࣡
һĻҶȻʹͬʱҲӵʹħʹħĺᡣ
ҶҶԪŹֽϣ¶һ˿οЦݡ
ҶΪļܹʧĹ¶ѹ֮һ
ôоûкõ㣿
ҶͬʱѾɨҶң֣ĿǰҶңѾʧȥյ֣еֻ
ҶҶԼĸĸ֮⣬ҶˣԾɳǿֲĻ֮У޷԰Ρ
ҶݷǣԭҶҵĲҵѾޣ˵ټݷǣԾɻŵģҲֻҶôˡ
Ҷٴӣ˴Ⱥڣɽ˴ԭĺ򣬿硣
֮УأǼ壬ɣʿǷˣһеһУһѩס
ȥʵ̫̫࣬ɱǣЩȥʬ嶼û£Ѿȫޣ˼

ҶԪǴŵŵҶѹǿϼһЦݵүүû£
û¾ͺãû¾ͺã
ҶҶԪΪĺˣѾе֧֧Ҳ֮µĻҶԪ֪ԼǷмȥ
ӴҶүү߳˷䣬һȥԼļˡ
һȦתҶԪϵĲ֮ɫŨ˼֣Ҷе˺ͺҲ˼֡
˿ҶȻתҶԪүүңһУģҶң磬ᣬģ
仰֮Ҷ¶ľ⣬еǰλлʱΪҶңΪĸûʲôԱǵģ׼չأյأұյصڼ䣬ϣܹҵߡ
أ
һ㶣̶Ȼɴ۾ÿ˵϶¶𾪺ϲ֮ɫ׷һ飺յأ

Ҷصĵ˵ͷ
յأΪΪΪڴеһֱչأһɹ˵ɹܹԼĵ
ҪǣյصĹ̵УΪߵҶὫ׷ѰĵȻӰܵһУˣǻ
պҶɹôյ֮Ǵ֮ΪŨ֮Ҳһĵĵط
ȻÿǴߣǶڴԽΪȻԽߣͬЩ߸ϵһÿ˶ﵽϵľ磬еĴǸ֮ˣˣǲŻӵ޷ͨͨŻΪҳϵʿеĴκȥ棬ܵĶɱһдߣ
֮Ҷյأ˵ϣòΪʵϣȴ͸һ컯
ȻҲһľǺ£ⳡ컯ǰᣬҶܹɹ
ӣмĿܣΪҶĴڣҲ˵пܳġ
⿴һĲǶӮˣôԲ˵ˣҲ˷˲ӵһʱ䣬ڲӲʲô̫Ļ
Ӷڱյص飬ҲţǴûԼһܹһλߵߣҾյصḶ́ˣ迼ǣ̴ӦΪҶ
ã
Ҷһ˺ɽ͹䶦
ɽ֮Ѿ޴ѷ죬ۿҪѣ֪ʲôԭȴԾá
ҶΨһ֪ԭӦСݵϣ
СݺСѰӺɽ֮зųһһͬʱҶ
ǣҶ¶Ц⣬һ֮ͬǴԼߡ
䶦Ҳһѷ죬½֮ɶӦѵʥ䣬ΪҶ̼һָ˸εĻ֮С
ҶƬ̣ٴջصԼ֮УԼ֮ϣܹϡ
һ֮ҶͻصԼķ֮УԶȻرգϣâ˸Ѫ֮Ƹ֣ӳһС͵ķӡ󷨣


1952 
Ҷʽʼյصͬʱڵھ֮ϣһλһλ񣬷׷˫ۡ
ΪҶȻӵ֮ѹʧȥı֮ټȻҲ׽ЩΪ׾ٵľܸӦĵ
֮䣬ĳԵĬһ㣬һ̣׷뿪Ǹ˲֪Ŀռ䡣
һΪ֮սĴսĻ

Ҷϥͷ棬֮ͬһ㣬ϵԾҲûǿеȥƽĹۿÿһ棬ϸÿһͷ
һ棬ǿżĵһĹ̡
ЩЦᣬпֵĹȥҶҲڲϵķű仯ʱϲʱʱŭʱ̾
ڣеĻնȥԼҶ˵ϣһ̣ҶϳŨŨı֮⣬һ־ļᶨ
Ƭ֮ҶĵҪʲô
ҪҶļˣˣѣܹͬȵĻȥҪ»ָյĲҪЩ߸ϵȫ䣬Ҫ˲֪Ĵҵȡ
Ҫǿ
˴󱯴ʹ֮ҶжĿûǿҡ
ҪʵԼҪһУΨһİ취Ǳǿ
»ָҶ˴Ӿ֮үүԪܹٴιǶԸȡҪǿģ޿ɿΪʵĻ
»ָһʿ˵޲ߣҶ֪ԼΪߣԼĸܹڲ֪нۼһ㣬ﶼͬ
ֻһ򵥣һҪʵ̫̫ˣǲܵ顣
ҶȴģȻܹһһ漣ôҪڴһµ漣
ҲյصҪԭ
飬飡
ҶĿ߶֣ʵԴӿüֳ֮Ѫ֮Ƶʱܿ϶֣Ӧһˣ
Ҳ˵Լʦ֣飬Ѿ飡
֮ǰҶɻһ飬ѪһţԼ֮⣬ǸţôΪʲôûܹ
ˣԼʦֳΪþȣΪȻ
ֻǣ̣Լʦ֣Ȼ
ţȻܹΪôΪ֪ܲԼ֮ĹϵȻȻҪ֡
ҶĳһԼĳ飬߱ȻɱԼ
ʦ֣ΪʲôҪôҶʹͷŭ
еԭƾҶδҲ󲻳
Լʦʦ㣬һԼչмӣΪԼĳɳܵİԼɨ·ϵϰ
ΪԼʦ֣ҪԼҪɱԼѵҲΪдʿ
Ϊ˱еĴԲϧҪɱԼߡ
ʦ֣ڣȻҵʦ֣㲻ܸһĴ𰸣ǵʱ򣬾ͱʦˣ
˵顱ʱҶȻһ
ҵĵʦΪ飬Լĳ飬顯֣УĪʲô˵ʦҪҳֵԭ򣿡
ҶԼԼ֮ѾһЩ𰸵ıԵĶȴҲ޷ˡ
ţҶλ磬Ҷҵħ̼
һеףҲҶҪɱ֮ˡ
ֻǣ֮һָȻҶһ˿£һָ̺ʵֲ̫
ȻҶһ£ԼҺʱһΪưˣͬǾħ֮ħĺˡ
ʱԼԭ׼ɱģȴǽڣΪưͷųĵ֮ϣԼԵĸоѪ֮ƵӰӡ
ҶΪħпܺѪһţһЩΪ֪Ĺϵ
뵽ȻҶǰҶҲԥĽڡ
һʵķ𣺡Ҷʩ
Ҷ֮УһλɫϣȱϺС
Ҷڻ֮УΪȰʱһλ޴ʦΪ͸˵ʱȴƿߣԲϧΪۣ뿪˷
ôʱȥҶѾĴڣû뵽ӣͿĳ֡
λϺмû˿ı仯ϵĴȱ֮ɫǵһ㡣
һĻȻҶһ
ϺУԾ


1953 ͷǰ
ӣֱΪӣ޴ʦ꣬һ˫Ļ
κ˵Ӷ󲻵˵ˡ
룬յĺӦþǻ֮ͬġ̵ĻƷӡڣΪػӵĻ飬ȻǾͬһ޷ɡ
˵ӵˣΪеķ޴ʦһ·ǿԽǱӡųҶ֪
ˣ˵λϺмȻôʱ䣬ȻӦͬһѾƷӡڡ
ȻڣȻһûУʲôӽڣʲôӡ
һж˵ˣϺУԾ
٣ֿܹסϵĻƣͲһ˿ġ
ʦ
ҶжϺѾģȴû͸¶˿
Ҷʩþòˣ
ǰʦ
лҶʩģҺܺãֻǲ֪ҶʩڣҪʲô
ˣ

ϺеԱһ¶һˣư
ưҶ֮вһ˿Ϊϸ΢Ĳܺõ
ʵϣȴ𶯵˼㡣
Ϊ˿̵ưǴϣǴϣû˿ħϢƽϣһϺмΪƵĴȱ֮ɫҽһֱֻۣǰ
ӣȻҶֿ˰ĸо
ѵưڣǵûбƷӡܵϺеĸлɳ˷ߣ
Եˣ
Ǽ˽֪һʵֻǽһ߱ɱħᣬɻһϣҳ˴ȱķߣίʵеҶ޷ܣ
ϺнŵĻȴ֤ʵҶ뷨ҶʩԵĸԸҷѾҵĵӣǰ
ຣģͷǰ
ǰħư˻ͷķǰ
ưı仯Ȼ֤ҶжϺеĲ²⣬Բ򵥣
ʱưҶ΢΢һҶʩȥ֮£ǰеຣӴ֮ǰһȡϴ
ܹаڣҲһ£ǰһ¡
ҶȻ𾪣ȴǲˣ򵥵ĺǰ䣬ֱ˵⡣
ΪϺжƬ̡
ʩ˵ֻҪǰ֪Ȼʵ֪
ǰٿ򵽵Ĵ·
ǰһͷһ·֡
ò˵ϺеȷĶɻưھĵ֮Уû˿ħϢ
İ˼ưԶΪһλз𷨵ķߡ
Ҷעưʩչĵƣȵʧ֮̿ĵлʦһ£Ͳˣǣ
仰֮󣬸ϺлشҶ̱˳ӡ
ҶʧɲǣϺĴȱ֮УȻ¶һ˿Щ΢ЦԼԴĵСһ㣬ҲҵԵˣ
˳ӺҶ³һ
ϺУйŹֵ֣ĹŹ֣ӵΪŹ֣һУӹŹ֣
ȻҶϺѾ˻ɣǣûκΰ취ȥйϺеһС
ϾϺڻķߣɱΣ֪Ϻе
ҡҡͷҶϺеʱŵһߣ˫˫̧һ·˫֮ͷŶ
⣬Ǹղưʩչ·
ҶĵƣŲں·𽥳ͣټľ۽綼ԶԶԣ׵ľģʩչưĴ·
ȻѪ֮ƵӰӣңƺѪ֮·֮бռãֻǺǿеŤתҼΣ֮£³Ѫһ⣬ܹˡ
ָıѪ֮֮ˣӦþħֻǣѪһţĴ·֮ΪλѪ֮ΪΪҪһأ
ȻǸûд𰸵⣬ȴҶӼᶨҪɱħģΪȻѪ֮ƶħŻٵĿã
Ҷ˼ʱֹͣ΢΢ۣзӵͷ˲㱻ϳ⣬ֻ̼ʣһƬ
ǿżĵģһ̣ɢ͵Ĺâ

ͬʱȻڷսеڶʿǣȴǵõһ˵ϢϢġ
սĹı䣬ʱ̣ڰ֮ʱһ֮ʱδܸϵһʿᱻֱĨɱ
Ϊ·֣


1954 Ϊ
ΪͻȻϢԭͳɱıŰķսڣøӵĽ
ϵڰ쾰죬µ˽磬еʿ޲ӿԼǰٶȣ˷磬һȥ
Ǵ˵µ·ʱ֮ûеҪĨɱһʱ̸˵󣬺ı޲ǣû˸и
ȻһɱɱҲͱӵƽ·ģԼʱ䣬ûĻֻһ֡ɱ
ÿʱỵ̈ڷսе䣡
黹ŵĻôԻΪпǾεķսϴҪӵĲпᣬӵѪȡ
ķΧ֮УҶֵǣȴǰȻϵʥս죬µɣǺҶйϵˣڷսߵĶǼΪ˳
һУȻΪƿ֮һ飡
ڱλΪ񣬲̫ԣȫΪԼĸˣ֮󣬵еᵽеĺô
սеǧ磬ȫһ֮С
κ磬κһɳӵķһֻϵĵֻҪ֪֪̾
κжôǿֻҪͷ׵ɱԷöԷһ㷴ûС
򵥵˵˲ٵһ֮⣬սУҪʲôһͷ顣
ֱʱνƿص壬ǷΪƣΪ꣬ϵ£
ЩʼûʲôȤʶԼ֮һ£ѰҶ
ֻϧҶȻڷսУΪҶѾսͨ͵͵۲͵Ҷ̸ֵܼ֪ҶҲ˷սֻǲ֪ʲôԭ򣬾ȻѾ뿪ˡ
ǳƣ˵Ϊ񣬳ø֮⣬ΨһĿģҵҶ
²ߣܹ͵͵ؿˡ
û뵽ΨһԸҲˣֻ˶ΣԼֳɷݣֱҶĺߣһκһΣգ̾ͻ֪ȻԼΪǽΣգȷܹƽ硣
Ҳܿ췢֣ʵҶѣһһǿ
սͲ˵ˣǣ˳ѩ裬ɣ𣬷ϵȵˣҲԼȻѣȴһһӡļʵߡ
ǣֻĬĬĹעǣοԼжҶǷݸ顣
Ϊ£ɾȫһˡ
ƿһеĸоʧԼ۽ѾߣݣԶ֮µϣмڳֶԸֻһ߰Թߣܿܿڷսп
ΪȻʮΪҲûǺǻչãҲһֻ۱һֻۣӸ档
ӾһĹȥȻΪ񣬽ӵּ⣬Ǹ𴫴Ǿ仰֮һж
緢ֺĽּ⣬˷սеÿ֮ϵΪҲȥ·
ȻõĴȴǣΪ񣬾͵ںͷսΪһ壬Ҳ޷뿪ս
Ҳ˵ãȻһ죬Ϊ˸߸ϵ񣬿ȴҲԼȫ˷սУԶ޷뿪صʵ硣
ʱڴֿȵ˷֮ѹʶԼ˸Ĵ
˵ĺ㣬񣬵ʵϣĿܣ˵ʲôȻҪʲôûзȨ
߰£ȻܸĹԹԽʵǣնһɽɽ֮ϣ鶼֪Щʲô

ҶլеҶһʵĹ֣˷˵񣬾һ

Ҷ֮Уֻʣ֣򵥣ʵޱȣ
Ϊ飿
ߣϲŭ˼öҲ
飬飬飡
ƺ֪Ҷ룬Ȼ֣Զ죬֮ײҶ飡
֮УҶ뵽һã״̬֮У
뿪壬뿪˷䣬뿪Ҷլ뿪磬뿪˷˽磬뿪˾죬Ư֮С
ȻָоԼǺ磬ȫںһԼһУһжԼ
ʱһΣһȥ
Ҷ֪״̬֮£ڵʼȻתļ٣˳ѾͨĶһʮѨλĻͷš


1955 
ڷ棬ſСѰϵСݣ˵Сڲŵ֮С飬һСݻȻվ
ţΪҶĲӣҲܵǿŵĵƺЩı仯
СȴҪ࣬ȻҲϲɫȴԾɲɽŸԵְ
ģҶ֮ϣǴͨĶһʮѨλ֮ϣһѨÿһֻг
ôѨһ֮ȴҲ൱׳ۣγһƬѪɫԶԶȥݷԳһһ㡣
ңƬ֮УȻĳһƬͬһĹһεɫĴ󺣸ֶ֮Ưһһۿͷĺլ
һУʵϾҶĻ긮
ʵ긮ںܾǰ͸Ȼڣ긮ѨγɵȻںϵһҲ˵Ҷ磡
ҶٵѪ磬ǷҶİ֮γɵģҶԼ硣
ڣҶ磬ͬ磬ʥľʥأĲڽһ
ʼʱ򣬲ҶĻ긮ѨγɵԵеãȥʣһʱɢĸо
ȻѪͻȻ֣ǧѪֱӳƬδε֮УֱƬ֮Уʧ֮
磬ͻȻͱʵһУҲͬʵһ㣬ʵڵġ
긮ѨѪ
ߺ϶ΪһҶԼе磬˳Ρ
һб仯ҶԾɲ֪Ȼ޺ںϵ״̬֮У׷ѰԼĵ
Ѿڷ֮ػҶһĲӣͻȻһ۾ΪܹĸоҶչصķ֮УƮɢ˴Ũ
ЩǴŨȣǴȣȻ˿ѷɫǵʱյ
̶Ƭ֮ڣСԺ֮Уͷ·ɾһ㣬ɫѾԺȫ
̫࣬۳һССİƣ֮ϣմȾһεɫˮΣȻ󻺻֮ȥ
һ֮ҶԪҶҵˣȺܵҶլı仯ɽ٣ħ֮бʴЩֲʱȻȺһ˿԰֮УȻһɫѿ
Щİ֮£ҶԪǹֽƣһ˿ƽļ󣬶ЩԾڿֲĹ¶֮Уջ̻̲գ޷԰εҶˣİ
Ҷ飬ֱ£ʼŨС
ȥҶչصԺ֮УԽԽŨͷŶһһɫ۳ɵƲʣƮա
һ֮ݷǵϿգѾۼϰٶƣ˴֮£
һ꣡
ѾУǴΣ֮ɫ
۳ɵΰ
˵ˣǸû˵
꣬
΢ᴵһƵ˿˲ʹĳУǻߵĴأǷĽǵĸɽǿήֲ֮£»һ˿˿
ⳡ꣬һ¾Ҳûͣ¹ҸǵҲԽԽ󣬴ʼݷǣ
ԭϵ֣Įֱһ֮󣬳׵ȸ½
ȸ½֮ϣҴбֵһУȫԡ֮£һɲƺҲ֪ΪǴ֮ˣҶ
ˣЩֲȻȫҶҶլķ
ҲãҲãҲã˼Ҳã
һ̣ÿھĸ漣һҶˣ漣
ÿһԵķԼл⣬ƺҲֿͬܵлҶ֮չصķϿգȻһȻ죡
춯أ磡
˼ܿһźɫƮĿУգǴﵽҡ
֮УŽɫĹâεĺŸߴɵƷһֵģһۿͷĺլ
ɽ磬ɸ
ڿһĻ֮ʱðĵһͷ
˹磬ΰĽֻд˵е˲ʸס
ÿ˶ɽ磬ɸ𺳣
ͬʱھһ֮ҶУȻһϵ磡ѨΪԻ긮ΪѪΪ֮Уֻأ


1956 
ҶȻǳã״̬֮УԼϣԼһж֪
һȥڽ綼ȫ֣Ƭ磬ҲѾ죬ޱ޼ʡ
˿ܹվۿĻͻ֣ᷢڵڣݷһ
һǸ߸ϣһΰլҶĵ磻
һ·Ȼش꣬ȴһ磡
Ҷյأܹʱ䡣
һ꿪ٳԼĵ磬һΪһս¶
ʱ䣬⼸Ѿٳ磬»˻
һУҶԼԾɲ֪ʼִŵ׷һĴ𰸡ʲô飡
ΪִţΪĵΪģڣȻһӿ⡪ʲô飡
ɲ֮䣬Ҷ궸ȻƬ֮Ʈɢڡ
Ϊֱ
һվһ¹ڣ֮ǰʪۿ֮У飬ǰķĹ
֮ǰİ˲ɥǳƽ֮Уȥڰ˵˼ǵûм٣ԽԽɴᵽ¹ڣԱߣƺԾɺͰ˳档
ҶԶԶվһԣλ뵽Ī磬뵽뵽ǧ˪뵽ĺѩ
ִ飬ն
һòõ佫·ŵһˣԥӳеû֪ʱ˿̣λ佫У׶һʹΪˣӡ
ƽ֮УѾʧȥԼӣͶΪû뵽ӾȻΥҼ֮£Ϊĸ٣ʵ޷˽ԣǶӣ˲ˡĹҲҪն
һĻҶԼĸĸԼүүԼˡ
Ϊֵܣαعףֵܣһɣ
һ׳˶󺺶һʯ֮ǰϰƱжװƣĶ棬ȴǿһˡ
ȻЦݣˮȴЦ֮й£ǰǳƽ٣ӦԼΣչͷһλѣȴǷܲĽԼƿԼΪ˹еʳ
仰λʱ߶ģԭȣЦһﶮʲôֵ֮飬ڣȴףԼ
ǣڶ𣿡Ҷĵתһһ߶Լֵ֣֮ܵдһ˿򣬴һ˿į
ɣ
һѾĴ֮ϣһѻС
֮ϣһ򵥵ѣѱߣվһֻѻŴӺԶĵطҵһӣιһֻϵļܶѻ
㣡
һߵĲԭ֮ϣһͷոճС򣬾Ȼڵϣ˱ĸ׵鷿ƺԴĸ׵ĸл
й֮ѻз֮壡
ҶݷǧڣϵĿһһǸԵķʽǸ֣׷Ѱ顣
飬飬飬Ϊ飬ϲŭ尮ЩҲ飬Ҷ֪ҲˣΪʲôҵվ˵ʲô
Ҷ۳󺣣ܺѾûеôȻӿһһľˣϵײ˰ߵĽʯ֮Уǲ֪һ㣬ʼգֻҪδݣʯδãײԶֹͣ
⺣ʯҶƺ׽ʲô
ҡҡͷһ̣Ҷɭ֣үһµƬ
Ǹ󷨣ԼªķӣѾʧΪ˳֮϶ѻɽ㸯õҶ
ΧЩľҲѾֻľΪУ֮£ָһЩҶΪƬɭ֣һ˿ɫ
һ΢紵һ֦֮ϣһƬݻƵҶڷҡҷȴʼδܱ紵£ƺ֦ŨŨĲһ㣬뿪
һ̣ҶжȻһâ
ʯײҶ֦ľЩҲ飡Ҷ飬ģУ
飬Ϊ
̶̵İ˸֣ͬ˵ףһһҶ֮ϣƬãس
֮䣬ģ˻֮飬飬飬Щģ󺣶Խʯ飬Ҷ֦飬һ磬ԼЩǵĸжʵ϶ɰУ
飬


1957 ҵĵ
翣ȴ޴ڣ
ӵã޴׽
ҶǽԼΪԼڰˣˣֵܣʦŵ飬ֻС
ǣˣʵеʱǴ
Ҳֻ֪пȥɹĴȫݽ֮С
ҶȻ⣬ǿзµ˿˲ס磡
һ˲䣬ڵͬɽһ籡
ãĴأߵĲԭĸɽήֲɽʯȵĺ丵Ϫ
ÿһ࣬ÿһֻʱ˿̣ǵ϶ͷųһ˿˿޾
˽еһУ飡
ڣһУָ⣬Ҳ飡
ܵһжԼķһ̣Ծ˵ٶȻָţ⣬ͬ飡
غ죬һɽӵص׻һˮͬӵص
һһߴɽƽضһһĺ۳ɺ
ټѾƮ꣬һ̶Ȼ꣬ǵһ㣬ˢ磬ϴЩܵ裬ںƽб˺һ˿ڡ
֮ڣѾָ˺ƽ֮ǰĳ̶ȣȻȴڻ
࣬ǶʿǷˣԵĸоԼ壬Լ꣬Ļָһַ츲صı仯
ٴι򵹣л죬лأлǵ磬ȻҲлһλҶˣ
ΪҶڴĵ·˼ΪʵһеһУı仯
ӣƺԼΪΣȫվڿУֱ仯
ΪˣǵĸԶҪӵӵ׼ȷ
ĵȼߣڴӵһ֮磬ŵ֮ת䣬찡⣬ôܣ
֮磬Ѿǻȼˣǣֻһ簡
ң֮ǰҪ
ӵĿ⣬ȫۼµǸȻŽյķ֮ϡ
ѾŨˣǵĿ޷͸ĵزͬɾʱ۾ס֮أӵŨĴ
ĸǣҵĵ
ʱкȻҶȻӲȴ궼𺳡
ֹǣʱ˿̣ڵҶȫһ㣬ˣҲ۾ʼţҶĵ
Ⱥڣɽٺһڣȸ½׻½½½һ⣬ȫ˶Ҷĵĸ
ףĸף
ľߣΪҶĸ죬Χͬϸ޴ڵĵУ˸
ǰֵԼĸĸĿԼȻǹĿ⣬Ѿó¡
㣡
ŮԼʱѾز۵Ľ㣬񾲵ĳԼͷ
ۣ
ϵļڲ˵ΪʱԼݵСܡ
һ̣ÿһӰ֮£ܵ˸ֲͬ顣
ǱڲϢĴ󺣣ΡĸɽƺܵǶڽʯƬص顣
飬Ϊ
¡¡
һȻը죬֮ͻȻһƬɫƲʣǽƣ
֮Уϵ˸١
Եģǲ֮еĳ棡
ղ˲ĸеȻͻһһֻҲ죬Ӷ١
ţƬȺ֣Ȼӵġ
ÿһӣĹУͻƿ˾磬١
涸Ȼۣһ˿˷ܵͬʱҲǳһ˿֣̿䵱Ƭһ㸲ǧ׵ľ޴ʱͫ׸ٿȻ
ͬʱɲʲô
ٵ»󣬱Ͼ٣ο߽ͬ
ҲͰˣ磬ոҶİ֮£òײŻָķ硣
Ѿǵĵһ֮磬Զ˵ȼΪ˵֮磬ǣӣԾɵģٵٴܵһƽ١
˳֣æ͵֮У
ſվҶ꣬˫ֱȭеĵ
Ϊ𣿡
ǣ
ҶһЦ޷
˵̧֮ͷԼͷϿյǧ׵ľ޴ƣ³һ֣


1958 ɢ
Ҷһ³֮۵ǧ׵ľ޴ƣȻһ
ţ޴ƶʱķѣͻȻһ쫷һ㣬ֻ֣нӲĽ˺Ƭ
ƺԽԽ󣬾ֵĽҲԽԽģķѵĽƱһ˿˿ģͬһ㣬һ˿һ˿
ĳ֮£Щһ˿˿ĽƣҲڱˮޣ׵ɢ˿
Ҷ˵֣ȫʧǰʱ䣬ʮϢ
һĻٴͬشһ㣬ûڲӵ֮У
һֳɢ
⻹ܹ
£Щ߸ϵҲ˰ɣ
ɢ˽ƣҶʲô¶ûзһ㣬˵˵ͷȻһ⣬·ԼչصǸ䡣
ҶȻûг񣬲УҪ
Ϊ磬Ѿȫлͬ˵磬ѾеĴתΪҶ
٣д֮£ͷţͬūܵͬݵ˼֮УҪ˼ҵһ
ҶΪ֮ͬˣȻܹɢ
Ծɴעգֱ˿̣ǻ޷ţҶܹһ֮ɢ١
ǵ·ǼҶչصķţȴʱȻ򿪡
յ꣬Ҷ˳
ʱҶ޵һĨѩ֮⣬òûκεı仯עĲӣȴֵĸо
ҶվǵУҶȴǲһ
ȻҲΪѾںҶΪߣ֮Уȫڡ
ҶûпӣĿֱֱĿգƯڿеԼĵ磬֮⡣
޾ķ籩ϸͻ֣ᷢ籩Ȼƹɡ
⣬ǵ٣
ҶȻδɹԼĵ൱ڴдУӲһء
ңֻҪ⴦أҪУдҲ޷ǿи档
⣬ǵ
ʹ֮Ĺ
֪ȻγɣΪ涨ǴҲ޷ֹԣдѾŭԸӵĳ̶ȣ޲ԵٽҶ˺ޣǣȴ޷뵽ڣֻŭ
ˣҶҲõİΣ
д޷磬˵ˣûҶҲУ
Լ뿪ֻҪٴΪԼд£ôٴ޷֪Ҳܶͷ
ȻЩҳϵʿ
ЩȻ֪ҶǴߣΪʿȻҪ뷽跨ĻɱҶֱ䳹Ĩɱ
Ҷһ뿪磬ͽΣ֮С
Ҷȴ׼һֱУڣŴ֮·ȥԣ׼뿪ˡ
ҶջĿ⣬΢΢ĿڵһУĳǰ
ۣ
һӤޣҶ¶һ˿Ц⣬һ׹أָоĺ
Ȼ羭һƽ٣ҶţԼػټȻЩʧʱƣһ죬磬ָԭȵָ֣
磬ҵļңҵĸֻҪҶţҲκεˣ
ҶУĬĬĶԼԡ
ӣ
ڣ
ȫҶǰϴĳ羴֮ɫ
ҶΪⱲΪȷһ£
Ҫ뿪磬߸ػ磬һ

ͬĴӦš
Ҷ˵ͷһѾҶҵĴ֮УеҶˣ֮£ҶȾ֮£ҶԪ»еҶˣҲڴʹĹ¶֮˹
ÿ˵Ϊ˼ͻƣ
үүҪˣ
ҶԪصĵ˵ͷҶļж־ķǵ
󲮣壬硭
ҶĺԼÿ˴кĿͣҶϣӣѾʮˣ˿óεĿ⿴Ҷ
ģҼǵ˵ĻڣҾһ컯
Ҷ΢΢һЦҶüһ㣬ġѪսĹ̸
ϲҶҶ˵ԼҲʮ꣬ҲǾһССĺƽ٣ĵõѪ
ȻѪǸıѪһȴʵڵġ
ʦˣ


1959 
һҶ뿪Ҷң֮ϣԼޱߵĵ磬Ƭָ֮黮
һ㣬һһ࣬ʽӲӵĵƬ֮УҲǡ顱ֵһ롣
֮Ҷָ˿Уԥãٴƶ
һΣҶָƶһᣬٴͣ¡
ĬƬ֮ջָĿıʵ̾˿δԲֻдıʣҵĵ磬Ӵ֮󣬾Ϊ磡
¡¡
£Ƭ֮жȻľ֮𶯣󷭹һѪȻӵصͬһѪ£Ѫ֮Уֳ֡
ȷ˵һ֣Ϸֻıʣ·һ硱֣ȻӦǡ硱ֻ֣ҶȻδԲ
磬ˣ
ҶһХһǿе磬̻â뵽Ҷڣһ̣ҶӰѾʧ
ڣѾͣеҲǻɢ¶εɫգһɫӿ£磡
Ƶ︴գһƬٵĲʢ֮࣡
һ̣ǳգĬȻףͱҶ
Ҷٴ뿪磬ûȥȺڣΪôȺڵ֪ҲͬûȥɽΪԼĸ֪Ī绹δԣһֻ̣ѡӱܡ
ҲûдСݣûдСѰȻСݣӦרΪĸ𱣻ģҶܹһСŮԼ
СѰѾ֮·ҽʵ̫ͣбȽϰȫ
վ֮⣬ҶĵѾĿֲ٣ȻδܷĴڣ˼ֻܴ֮ŨŨĲʣɢȥ
ҶţԼĶ
ʵȥصҶ磬ǣ֮ʱȲȥ
Ҷˮ̫ǸֵɽȣҶ˵֮ٴλ䣬ʵԼֵĵġ
һִҶ磬᲻һˣһԼһĴߣ
ԣҶУһεܹĨȥļ䣬ܹһιȥ
뷨̫ףҶе޷ܣ
Ǹ͸ġ֮ȴԿ϶ֵ֪ɽ֮Уһλߡ
λߵĵǡ֮
ǹϵĵƣλʱ䣬ʵ̫ԶԶκ˶޷ĵز
ˣҶ磬Ҷѡʱܿȵպһյʱǰһ̽
ȥҶ磬ڣҸȥأҶŵսѾرգҿ϶ǽȥˣ磬ȥɣ
չأҶȻȫڴ֮УΪ磬ҲͬˮǴߣ˵죬Ǹһĵ쵤Ҳȥã
֮ѡȥ죬Ϊʦڵ磬ȻԾڷսУҶǵʦ˵죬һص֯Ȫ
սУҶҲ˻Ȫļλ˧ǾȻĵһ˵֮䣬ȻżĹϵ
Ҷʼʹģǵİɱʵ˷ʤǽ𣬲ȻĻֻҪǻᣬǾǷ賤Ұһ
һԭ򣬾˵ѪһУҲҶΪʦУ˵˻Ȫ֣֮ǾƲ⣬Ӧδ
һ㣬ҶҲͬŲɣԼλܹ㾡һʦ֣Բô׵ȥ
ˣҶȥ죬ȥȪܷҵԼʦ䡣
֮Ҷ̼˺ɽ
ɽħ̼һָ飬СݵĴڣҶյص֮УҶ֮֮£ѾϣȻһ覴ãʹˡ
Ҷɽܹо֮ϴһͬӰУڽ飡
ԣȻԶβĴ飬ֻĳɳҪһʱ䡣
ȥɣ
ҶĿڣɽȻһͷųһҶ˽֮С
ҶѧģԽʥ֮УǰķȻɽʥѷɫκʥȻҲʹַ
ţ֮ϣԪʼ֮γһתС
ಡһɽ֮У
磬һεĻָƽ


1960 
죬ٷ壡
ѪѾȡ˵۹Ϊ˻Ϊǿɣκε壬κɣϹ嶼Ĭʵ
ǿµӽǲڲٷµ壬Լһɽ֮Ϊħ۵ĹԭѪķˡ
ʱ˿̣ڲٷϷ֮УҶעš
û֮УΪΪЩ˴ѣ˭Ҳ֪Щ߸ϵ񣬻᲻еעԼ
Ѫһţչ״ʮοҲǶʦʦһ
ħ۹ڵѪˣҶ˼ǵδ
Դ֪˷Ҷͼ֮ҶͲ²бѪеķˣӦöǷҶѪڵĻԷҶǵǼΪϣǶԽԽǿ󣬴ӶԼҲԽԽǿ
ЩѾܹ뿪Ѫÿ˵֮ϣԾѪӡֻҪӡһ첻ǵ˾ȻѪС
ˣҶʱҲȥǣǾȵպԼ׽Ѫӡʱһɡ
ڲٷפãҶϢ뿪ڻĿǰʵκ˶޷Ĵڡ
¥ļңң塭
ҶӰЩطһһͬûȥЩ壬οЩǣҲǻڽܳһѾ˷սԣĬĬתһȦ֮Ҷ뿪ˡ
Ҷһ֮ϵľ޴ɽ֮ǰ
ɽмһ޴ķ϶ֱӹᴩɽԶԶȥһȸߴľһ㡣
ŵڣ
ţһڻУǵλʵκҪɣͬҲǼΪء
Ϊ˵ֱͨ·
Ҷ֮䣬ûʲôϸ𣬲ŵ£ȴҶύڹؼʱ̣ҲʼռᶨƵվҶߣ˳Ϊ˺ѡ
ȻҲҶйüΣҪͨ´йͨ·ܣֻϧʱʵߣټڶ࣬ǲ֮
ٴ죬ţȴҶҪһ̽Ĵ㡣
΢һҶ͸š
Ȼɽ֮ǿĽƺ󷨣ǶҶ˵ȫͬ裬׾ٵҵŵᰣ
һλòŵˣ͸ŨŨϢȥ˶øС
˿̵ڱչشͻȻоһǿϢϡ
Ȼ΢΢𶯣ɫȴΪƽΪûд֮ие⣬վչһ֪λǰݰţһ
ðţˡ
һƽҶѾᰵǰ
ǰ֮˵ʱƽ϶ʱ¶𾪣۵׵ȴһ˿ζ֮ɫҶ

ҶЦŹ˹֡
ȻܹҶ͵ȣʵ̫ı仯ϵı仯˵Ϣ
ֱ仯ͬ컻أ
ЦŹֻû뵽Ҷݹ٣֮ຣ
Ҳ
ᰣҶ۵ͬһĨɫΪ֮˵ŸΪĸоܸоĳԷװġ
ʵϣԼĵ˵Լı仯᰸û˿⣬Ѿ֪һ㡣
Ҫ֪ڵҶܹǰ쵤ǿߣᰣǵһеˣ֮䲻ʵϵĲ֮࣬
ҶûͷųκεƣҲԲһԵġ
оҶ΢΢һ֣ԼʵȻ֪ԽԽࡣ
ǷеҶ磬ڵǸϺУԼǰᰣǶԼ޷֪ܡ
Ҵ˴ðǰһ£йſͨ·飬Ƿʵ
Ҷеѹ£ֱӿżɽĵԼ⡣
΢΢һЦͷģ
Ҷһ⣬ʵϸ֪
Ҷ
˵̯֮˫֣·֮ڿнֱ۳һȽɫĴš
ƿǰĴţֱһ˽ȥҶû˿ԥ󣬽С
ںȻһƬǿգ
˿̣᰺Ҷվǿ֮С
Ҷ·


1961 
ҶƬ嫵ǿգȴûзκй·ĺۼ¶ɻ֮ɫˡ޶ۣûп·ںδ
һЦ·δҶȻֻеȵ֮ʱ·Ż֡
·ʱ
ˣ
˵˼򵥵֮󣬾ͱͣǲ׼˵ˡ
Ҷ΢һʵʣź·֮䣬Ǻιϵ
ᰵٴһ˿ζȴû˿ҶҶȻĳɳٶҸеȣЩ飬ڸ㣬Ϊʱ磬ģȵ·֮ʱһͶдˣ
һΣҶӿԿ϶ᰣλŵԲǼˣǴ˵·յ㣬ɽ磬һЩΪ֪Ĺϵ
ܹͨ·ϢԼ֪˵ŸɣЩ߸ϵˡ
ҶɲţӹֻԼһţŵѯй·顣
ȻֱڣԾĴڣ˵űȻԼ̡
̣޷ģ
ҶʶԼеͻˣᰲδ¶⣬Ҳװʲô֪һͷлȻҾͲˣ뿪
ã
һָһų֣У˾Ⱥ뿪Ƭǿա
ǣ
Ҷ᰹һ񣬺ԥת뿪ıӰ϶¶ζЦݣиǴһ˿֮ɫĵߣ겻ʱ䣬ܴﵽ˾磬Ǹ֮ģȵ·֮ʱҲлᣡ
Ҷ뿪֮󣬸ȥ֮£Ϊ˵Ϊʱ硣
ٴθ죬ѰħѪȻѾҪħ˸ôȻҪʵУһһģһ
ȻһȦתȴе֣ΪûڻڷκħĴڡ
֣ѵȫսˣ
Ȼ֪ڵħᣬѾȫʦ֣Դ֮ͨȫɱ
ȻѰţҶתΣҵڣɱȫԼѪ֮УѪʼ۵ʮѪӣ
һ֮Ҷٴν뵽˺ɽ֮Уֱ뿪죬Լó̡
죡
ΪħٻƼ֮˶ҶպչɱȻϹԹִУҲչķգ˫ܾˣԼ嶼ʣ²ˣѰ˴صĵط
ĴսҲǣУսʿͿ֮̿ڱĸӵĻҡ
Һ֮УһƬ칹ɵҵڣҵϣ׷УǽԼ䴫ˣİţסƬ֮С
ȻʵǿҲûо֮ѪŶݼ׺ռ֮ȴʼǿĴţħĺƽ֮УȻѵĴ
ҿе󷨣ȫٻص֮Уֹ׼κԼ뵽κһĴս֮УԴԼʵ
ҲսǾͰȫˡ
ΪյЩŶݼ֮ΪһĴ壬òۺ졣
ǻҺͷ𣬵ؿۣϵ̲չԼϷֳݣڵ򣬾۵Ͻ֮ڡ
ԣʱ˿ɳǧʿƬΧˮйͨһҡ
ǲν֮ʼղǣǶ󷨵ı֮£޿κεͬʱò취ʾϼɸǰ
֮ڣȺ鼤ܣвʢСǺ޲ó󷨣ȥЩʿƴһ
ǣǲΥֻ
ڼã˿ȴվ֮ǰڵλüͷݵĵλ棬ΣҿڽˣڷģһƣöˣƬ򣬼ǣҲϧ
ͬʱΧҵǽǧʿȻ˻֮Ϊ֮ϳһӰ
ⲻǸѰˣɢƣȴͬһɽһ߲ʡ
ģеһλѾǰֻ̤۷弶ǿߣǰҴȻ׿ơ


1962 ˭ƭ
Һ֮ǰһɨһЦСҲҲ񣬸ƣ
һͷ֮ڿлһ޸ݺݵȻ¡
䣡
һ£ͿƷ裬󷨱֮µ죬˵һ㣬죬Ȼֱӽȫǡ
ϵˣȫһ֮£궼ڲЩΪ͵ģһѪ̱ڵأ鴤
ȻҲ𺳵ΪҲﵽ֮ӲǷһŭΧ֮£ǿеסһͷ
ǣͳһͷҲʶˣǿУ
Σʱ̣õ鷴ɫأڵλصĿͷȻվȥ
ʱ򣬸ٴһָ޸һεĺݺźȻȥ
䣡
һΣ֮ϣʱһ޴ѷ죬ȻѾ޷ٳ־ˡ
ǿҲҪ֮ˣĸ֣ȫ֮£ȻԵֵ
ߣһߣ¶֮ɫһΪжأԭˣ¶סʲôƨ㴫ˣ
棡
һŭ֮дڳ֣ŭĿӣĵŸ
˵УǵˣǵĶˣһ壬ǰ
ϵ֮ɫŨˣмĵ裿λνӦøеңûңڳ֣ǿɾͲôˣֱɱһƭӶѣǿЦ̾һλƭӵԼҵĶˣĴΪԺ
Ļ£Ǳ޸ٴθ߸𣬶һͷ£ô󷨱Ȼ᳹ױ
ѣѾ߸߾׼ˣͶԷƴһ
ȻʱɫȴͻȻһ䣬ΪͻȻ֣ԼǱ޸ȻԼĿƣȻ߸𣬵ȴҲ䲻
˵˭ƭӣ
һͻȻ
ˣˣ۵ȺʿǣȻоؼ¶ȾȻ½ʮȣΧͻȻ˱ѩһ㣬һɺÿ˵һ̶ֽӲĸо
ɫʱòҰޱȣ˵֮˭ȥȥҪȸϽ뿪Ƭ˵
תƣ
ĸִԲ֮ڵĿռ䣬ͻȻһͬ𶯣˶ûио
ֻȷʵԸ뿪ԭأˣȴͻȻǱɫĸͷ֮£
ʱŵûɢ֪˶˿ռ䷨֮ԼǿƵλãʹǱι̶סһ㣬޷ֺֻĿǰǱ޸ĸУԼֻа֮ң
ֻҪ޸һ䣬ͻʵĽԼ룡
˭˻ߵĳշ
ҾǸƭӵʦܣ
һӰͻȻ֣Ǵ֮һ㣬վ˵ǰ
ˣõ۾ʱһԭȲҰ׵ɫڴ˿ҲǶȻӿ˿ϲ֮ɫæֱӳ˹ڵأĵãݼ
ˣȻҶ
ոմӻ죬˳ңû뵽һĻ˸Ƿ
УҶ˾֮⣬ǸмΪΪ飬ʵָ̫̫࣬飬ѾԽʦ֮飬Ҷһλĳһ·עԼԼɳ
ˣͺһԲκԼλʦ֣
õİݼΧѾ𾪵Ըӵڶʿ֮УҲϳҶϾ겻ڻҺ򣬻ڱɽѰĹʱҶĴ˲֪˲
Ĺ֮󣬾ʧȥҶټȻһ꣬ҶȻٴγ֣ңȻҵ
һ̣˶𺳵ˡ
ҶҲڻعŵҶϽңȻĻŹģ
㣿
Ҷɫ䣬۴ɱһͻȻһָ
ֻڿеǱ޸ȻȻȥ

һҽд壬ֱӱ޸һΪѪĽ
һɫϪͻȻҶڳŸһȦ֮󣬸ξѾʧոսѪҲɽ˺ɫϪ֮С
䣡
޸һ̺Ȼըѣ
ҶȻתΧǧʿĵ˭Ҫҳֵģ


1963 һ
һ£ʿ˲ɢһ޲õԼȣƴ˷ɢȥ
ҶĴ֪ڶһ𣬾ΪɱȻ˵ٴγ֣һ֮£׵Ľɱʵﻹ˸ҺԿ
ȥǵҵ죬֮ڣ֯ͽԶʧ
ҶעԶȥڶʿûгǣǲܣǲ룬ħ֮⣬ˣóˣϾʵʵ̫
Ҳ֪֯ȻҶ֣ôͱҪ䳹׽ȻĻպȻΣա
Ҷĳ֣˲ͻҵΣҲ˸Ͻ󷨣ȻгߣӭҶҡ
Ⱥ֮УҶע⵽ǸصŮӣڿԼһ˵ʱ¶ʧ֮ɫ
ǰҶŮ֮£Ǹ׳գҵԼȻ֪Ƕ˳˼
ڷսУҲûа취ϵģ϶ƽ£
Ҷ仰صĶУһ̸ֳ֮һźΣæߵĵͷ
˵Ĺӭ֮£ҶңҲѯʣĽЩµ˵һ顣
ҶƼҾȻҪɱ¼Ҷպ֮˵ʱһ˿ɱǼᶨҪħɱľġ
˵֮󣬾վһԣȻܺҶЩ궼ȥ˺δȴûеӿѯʡ
ĺܺã
ҶҵĿ佱ܹⳡս֮Уܱܿɹ󣬵ⲢųϾղλʵУǵĸʱܹηվⶼ˵ˣң
Ҷ˵˳Լ飬΢һ֮󣬶õи뷨
˵
ҺʦҲѾ֪ڻڣʦʦǵİ£ɣʽѪһţѪһѾչ׳󣬲˵һָ˸ǡ
ĺģһһڰдĦҶ˼ȻΪѾµҶҪ˵ʲôˡ
ҲһֱҪѪһţͬ۹һھÿһ֮УѪһţ
ҶĿһãŵڣҾ֮أڵѪ㣬Ը⣡
õ༤ĶҪˣȻ֪Ҷⷬ˼⣬ҲԭĿ꣬λ᲻Ըأ
ȫ壬Ը⣡
ãҶ˵ͷ΢׼һ£֮Ҿͽڴ˵ʽѪһţңѪĵһˣ

ҶһҺ֮صʦӡסһʯҶ˳ʱ򣬲ûż⣬ڣȻѾѪȻҲҪΪʯ⣬֮ء
ӡ׵ı㱻Ҷ⿪ʱʯͷųŨ˼µɲ֮䣬Һ֮ڣ㱻ЩȫΧ
ˣһ̣ȫ¶𾪺Ϳϲ֮ɫ˳պ֮·˵ࡣ
øɫ֮ܵڣڵλٴݵĺϢǡ
ңھĵȴ֮ӭ˲ʢ֮գ
һ֮ҶĻصңĵȴţţԷһ
ȻڶˣңȻûдκˣһҺ
ǰݼѪ
ҶԵͷΪһ
Ȼڿ޵еĴڣǶܹɱҶ֪ٶǰȥҲǶ֣ԣԼǰ
һλ߳ɵĴ󺺣վڿУͬһһ㣬˿ȻɫƽȴǼΪ𾪡
ΪҺڵŨ
ɣ
ҶЩȻԶֿ¶һͨû˿ԥ󲽣˽
ҶĺøٴҲᶨ˵뷨
֮ҶҪԼĿľҪͷ𣬵ؿۣȫѪ׳Ѫʵ
ҪôҪã
ȻѪôҶһҪѪΪÿһ磬ΪǿĴڣ
̤Һһ˲䣬ҶüͷͻȻΪԵĸоһǿڡ
һ̣ҶȻһɱ
ħϢ


1964 ϵ
̤Һͬʱ֮м֮صĳ̵С֮ϣн̬վȫһ£һԲԶԶȥһŵһ㣬˸оκϢ
ÿ˵УȴһĨʺ죬֮͸¶ģһֲεɱ
ͻȻǵͷϷһһߵĺɫУţһӰһ
һĿĴ󺺣ϰ㣬˶֮ϣһֻͷĹĿ׺
󺺣Ǵؿ֮Ǹ࣬˵ϣʱ¶ĳ羴֮ɫԼͬŴ󺺹ڵأиߺݼħʹ
κ¶ȵĿ⣬һɨ֮󣬵ĵᣬʣ𣿡
˸˸ҿڣȥ󺺣Դ¡
ߣ
һߵһȺħȫǶˣڣʵʵĴţ
£󺺵ӰѾʧʱ򣬽˲ų˿һͲˣСԵһλѯʵүүħʹһ죿
ߵɴŽڳԵĳ羴֮ɫ죬쵤죡
ЩˣȻƼҵˣڽյħ̼ٻ֮Է״̬չ˶պҶն֮˵ɱ
ҶպɱգôҲǺڰĺᣬȻƼǿ󣬵Σգ޲ƴսŪ˸ܾ˵ľ档
֮£˫òѰҵطСƼ֮˵Ĳ֮
λߵĻ֮󣬽Ƽ̲סһ̾λٴʵǶԸҶѣħǲеСˡ
죡߶Ȼһǳ⣺ħ˵뷨ܹĵģ˼ôȻ⣡
ˣߵȴҲͬɻ
λħʹǵڵ죬ؿܹħ˵Ĵ࣬˵ħ˵ĵϵˡ֮ˡ
ԼƼңȻ˵ħᣬʵѾݣ֮ʵħѪࡣ
ֻ֮ˣħĵϵˣǿľˣֻϧ˵Ψһλ֮ӣʻʵ̫ǿԺпܱȡ
ħʹ뿪СǿѾ˲ͽȫǡ
֮ħλϵǰ죬ĿĲΪ˶ԸССңΪһҶˣ
ɣλݺ֮Упȡ֮ӵǿ߱ҶĨɱ֮ħסˡ
֪Ҷ϶ưڸݣ϶ڸ׷ɱԼĺᣬԣòֱɳԼĵϵˣѰҶ䣬Ҫɱ
֮⣬磬ҲħĵϵˣѰҶ
񣬶Լĺˣڸ磬еڷ˽ҲС
ЩˣͬƼݣԶʵ֮ѪΪϡ١
ֻĵϵˣڵ֮ѪԴѪģᱻÿһλȷΪ֮ӡ
֮ӣ˵Ů
Ͼÿһλڵʱ䶼̫Զ
Ҳȷʵ֮ӵĴڣ˵壬ӣʵ֮ӡ
֮֮ӣһݣպܼ̳λΪһĵһ̳ˡ
ô˵Լĵϵˣ񣬶رչˣϧ֮ͨܵĸǸְǿٳɳ
ϵˣΪѪ֮ˣ򲻵ѵ£ǲԸ׶õġ
Ϊ˶ԸҶħ̼òʼԼĵϵˡ
λħʹΪ˲죬˵ʵǷǳĲ⡣
ԸĵϵˣϹǿ壬ǻпԭɽֻΪ˶ԸһλߣǰǸƼ˵С
ߣ꣡ħʹĿзһ˲мЦߴǵֲʵֻҪǵĵûȫǵʵֵһᣬ治֪ħôģΪλΪҶĴߣȻҪҴԶĴӵ죡
ÿһλĵϵˣǶܣҪԶ˽Ķ࣬ȻҲ˴ߡ
ȻλħʹûнҶ˵仰ʱողɨڵĺ
ϧûзҶĴڣ
ʱҶȴѾ֪ĵҲɫԼϢͬʱֳһ˿ιעж


1965 ȣǲ
죬ҽɣѪһţϣܹ룡
Ҷֱӿżɽ˵ԼҪ
λעҶȻɫƽȴ𺳵˼¡
ļǵãҶԼעʱΪԼҪһأȻڣʮʱ䣬ȻѾԶԶĳԼ
ȻԼ޷Ҷڵ״ﵽʲô磬ǹҶͻһվڸɽµС֮С
ڣҲ֪ҶԼĿģΪᡣ
˭Ҳ֮£ƿأԼǿȻһҶ󣬵Ҳ㶦ں޼ɣΪΪ
һҶеѪǴӴ֮󣬵ھǽԼɣԼԼЩŬµĽɽͳͳ͸˶Է
ǣĻҶɱԼһ㣬¿˵˸Ĺ֮󣬾ʮ
ȻȸȷҪǿһЩǿҶ
֮ŵӵ˵Ըأ
Ҷ΢΢һЦԸĻ뿪ģõһʲôҲȥ鷳Ҹҿ϶гһؽڣ
ҶûвΪûбҪ˳ʵ֮£вĻԵҶ̫Сˡ
ٴԥƬ̣һҧ̫شĳʱ޷
ԣʱ俼ǣ֮ʱϣܴ͵ؿһ
ʲô
Ȼ̧ͷһ˿̣Լ֪ҶĿģƺ뽫⺣ڵͷͳͳѪ֮¡
Ҷվĵ֮͵ؿһǣ˭ҲôʲôʲôؿΪ̣ң˵ͣ
£Ҷһ˦䣬ĲԼܵĿռ䰮㣬Ȼһ̣ѾվҺ֮⡣
ɫ䣡
ףҶչ¶ʵҶҲȷɹˡ
ܹԼڲ֪ȫ޷ܵ£Լ͵λãͨԼ޷ġ
վԭأƬ̣ŻعɵһƬޱƽĺת뿪
ͬʱҶԾɸλħʹ󣬿ǰķо˶ԷĿġ
ҪȥɱˣҾȣǲȣ
˵ҶŶǵȳĺѩǰɶƽ
ȻȴǶ𱨣һһҪҶء
ҶȷǲԸҡ
ǣҶĵĺѩĵټҲʼսɴһ㿴飬ҶҪҡ
̾˿ҶվһѾħʹ֮ǰϵ֮˲ĵ֮
֮ǰҶ˽Щı֮󣬾Ѿҵ˵ڡ
ʱǸңΪ˿ҵ׻ܹⳡƽ֮д
ڣȻѾҪȣȻӲ
ҴˣˣƼһһĵ֮µĺ֮У˿
Ҳڴ˵¶ԼһˣܹȫѾллˡ
ڣҽеϣλڰϣֻϧڰʼûг֣ǣƼһͬںڰĵϵˣʱţǵϣҲǱԽԽã
ֱ죬֮ͻȻֵҶ뵽ľ֮С
λҼ˵ĻԵҶǸ֪ҶɢԼ޷Ϣʱ϶ʱ֮ɫиޱȣû뵽ûǣһλɱǡ
֪ԼζԸҶģȻΪҶҵġ
һҧӺ׳ҪվҶǰϧǾ޴ʵ࣬Ծˮ涼޷ֻܰվˮУҶһֵҶһУҸ˵˼ˣҪɱɱҺˣұ֤
ҶޱĿȻһС
ʱܵĺˮȻһںˮ֮еˣȫһɺӲĸƵ˺֮ϣû˿ķ֮
һĻеȫŵɫɫӵĲҵҶҶн֮ˣ㣬ŹӣҲڳ
Ҷһ۵ɻţңҲɱǵģ
һӣһѪӴ


1966 ڰ
һѪӣһѪɱˣͬҲԾˣ
ѪΧһȦ֮󣬾ͽ˾˺УȻһ⣬³Ҷڡ
ҶȻ̧ۿһ¶һ˿Цһʧ
Ҷʧһ̣λħʹҲѾطվ֮ǸղҶλá
ħʹüͷĵ֣ղģôôṦȫûˣأ
ʱҶѾصҵĴ֮ϣλħʹŹܿʱͶԷ棬Ϊã
ҶѪɵ죬Ȼ棬ͽ˷˳
ϴãȻԲ׵׷ʲô飬ô˲Ϣ֮䣬Լͱ
ǰҶԵʱɫʱһã
ҶڣȻҶ໰վһԣʱҶѾˣҹȥôң˵ɱǶΪǣһŮͺöӣĺѩɵϣҲǣٸһᣬǼѪ
ѪҲ˵ֻܸ㣬ҺƼңħ֮𲻹죡
ȻҲԾֻܾһΣپҵڶΣ
һñеãȻ񣬸ӵ׹У˼˰֮˼
ı㣬΢һ֪̾ѪͲѪס
أΪѣ滹ƼҺħɽѹͷ֮ϣΨһϣڰ񣬵ӰӶûָϡ
ôֻмѪҲмȥĿܺϣ
ܿ˾
ңԸѪ
ΪףҺˣͳͳҶǰ
˵ǰ棬ȻԸѪҶԾɲģԣҪǩѪ
ԣ
Ҷһӣ˶ʱоü֮һ˿΢ʹţһѪֱƿüģҶȥ
ҶǰʮѪ۳һССѪҶԵƷӡ֮£Ѫǩ
ҶûнѪԼ£Ƿһƣֱõüġ
õһ˲ƿҽĸоΪ𾪡
ãպѪ֮ԣҽǵѪ㣬ϣ㲻Ҫʧ

ڣõҶ񣬶κεΥ
ҶõΪҲΪģ壬þԲΪõѪͶ˺ɱ¾
һкҶŵˣλħϢ˳֣ʵߣӦڵ죬ڵѰǣԣʱǲҪ뿪֮һὫʱǾˣ
ⷬ˵ٴδĵ׷һɺ⣬ղŻЩˣе㲻ԼѪգǴ˿̣ȴް㲻
֪ҶʵʵڷϱٻŻǡ
ˣǸ޷Ĵڡ
øеԾǣҶڵħˣȻ˵赭дʵߵʲôز
Ҷǰԥſڵ
Ӵ֮Ƕɣ
ǣħˣܿħϵˣ
ĿУҶ֪ԭĺ˻֣ϵǿݺˣ˵Ҫࡣ
ǿӣλħˣӦþϵˡ
񣬺ڰ˭
ڰ֣岻΢΢һȻѾ˳ͶҶȻµԼңѾڰˣǣλڣﻹǳ˾ηġ
ڰĴǲֻ֪֪ҹ
ҹ
ҶٿȻһ⣡
ҹգǳĺɣҶʶУһλԴΪգҴ˺ĹϵͽѣʮֵҪá
˾ҹ
Ѫİҹδ峤Ӱصͽܣ̫֮壡
ԭҶʹõĺڰ֮;úӰصеƣڰӰӣһֵһܲɷ֡
Ӱҹȣм֮£㽫ԼӰ֮˰ҹ壬Ӵ֮󣬰ҹƾӰޣ𽥳ɳ׳
񣬺ڰȻҹôͰҹ壬֮䣬᲻ĳֹϵ
ûпܣҹ壬ҹҲͬǺڰĺأ
ǣȻãǵĻǰҹ壬Ǻڰֺˣ


1967 Ǻ
ڰҹ徿ǷǺڰĺˣ⣬Ŀǰǲд𰸵ģҶ׼뿪ʱȻڣȻһ˿Сʵǰ˵ɻţ𣿡
ҶĬƬ֮󣬲ŵͷɻţǿֻǣĺѩѾˣɷУҲɷɱˣҲԭħŻһŭ֮£ĺˣչҶպյ֮ɱ
˵ⷬҶӰѾʧ
ȻʱѾȥ˺ü꣬ȻҶĺѩûκεĸ߷Ƿ֮룬ĺѩʼҶеһᣬҲԸºҵĳޣңҽбӻҪԭ
Ҷ뿪ˣѾȫǷˡ
ĺѩλȾ֮ѪλΪ˸ӵǿϧ޸ɷ֮ŮȻѾˣ
ȻɺϣչֳʺʵҪԶԶĺѩ˵УĺѩԾռ൱صķ
ĺѩϢ˶޷ܡ
ǶȻʮһ˲ꡭ
ҶصԼסϷţϥ£ޱ飬ȴǼѣܾ֮󣬲ž۾ȴĵ
ͬʱλħʹѾ˫ۣϵѰ֮˵䣬ɨʮΣȴȻûз˿˿
ʵ޷ܣڶ֮УԼȻҲֻϡ
ڣ޿̣ԼѰңǿħһеĿֲϢһ籩꣬ɨ죬Լÿ˵ĶС
ħʹߣص죬ɱ֮ˣʱ䣬ҳ֮ˣҾţ֮֮˻δֵĻôڽ޻ڣ
ħʹķڣߴǧɵɽ壬˲ӺȫǱһķˣϵĳ˷
ˣΪߵģɫҰףΪеȵģǿѪˣΪ͵ģѪвˣֱӾը˿
ڵһ̣һݡĩٵĿֲо
ֻҵ죬ȻǷ籩ˣȫ޷һһ
ҶȻҲħʹ۾ȻϷǵûоɫ¶һ˿ĮЦݡ
磡ħ񣬿ӣһ·ˣݽ棬ˣûʸ䣡Ҷ뿪
ħʹ֮ͣڣʱ뵽һ־޴Ŀֻ֮У˶ʼһѰ֮˵䡣
ߣץһЩҵˣðˣսľ͵ħʹߣЩСܹùħʹֱӾͽȫɡ
ַʱţҲԽԽҡ
ʱں֮еĳС֮ϣӰһ˾ˣһͷһͷֱ͵ؿ졣
̾˿ӣǸҶ֪ħʹĵԹǰΪ͸ǵһĻᡣ
Ǹͷͬͨũһòƽӹüۣ˭Ҳţͷ֮ʢ
˿̣˫С֮ŵâ˸ſڵһ㶼͸ҶΪ
͸ĿⶼҿЦҡҡͷҹƣλħʹӦöֻǿȻĻΪʱ䣿˵ҪλħʹΪĶ󡣡
ǵؿĿ¶̾˿죬ҶܹħʹôҵؿѪ
˵ͷҲôģѿҶҪѪΪǿɣΪУʱ𣬵˳
˵Ŀ⿴ʢȻһ̾ϢÿңǶ˳ˣҲͬ⣬ʱֻͽΪѪĵһˣô꣬òײ˽ľ棬û뵽ȴΪѣ
˸ԳĬҡҡͷȻ뿪
£֮ڣÿҲҹͣæµţΪ˿ɶŸ׼
ˣҶĽħʹһ˿Ҵ΢һħʹĿֲ
ȻȫʵʵĴҴ֮У뿪粽֮ҶϢ֣Ա֤ǲᱻħʹ֡
ʱһζţ֮˶Ǳߵľ裬ƴȴҶ
ħʹǴŷŭ֮ٴ쳹ڣʱѵû˵ϢȺǺã죬ұɱǣ


1968 Ū
ħʹͬʱҶҲȻ۾һЦѾվһ֮ȴǻĻһ̿ɣ
ħʹѾŭ˼£죬żȵĲļƻתһȦ뿪
Ȼû뵽һתȴ֮ãǣûǸҶĴߵ䣬ԭԼ֮µҲͻȻʧȥټ
˵ʵǸĴˣŭˣ
Ļָ̧֮ĳһɰĺָһǧɺ˳ȥ
һɿֲѹ˲
ʱħʹ۾ȻԲΪĿһѪɫļʸʾͷ
ʸ֮ϣѪѹ䣬ٶȿ쵽˼£֮ͬһĺβһ㣬ֱӳԼͷųĺȥ
ಣ
ѪɫļʸźХ֮˲Ϣ֮䣬Ͷ˺ԴʱúһĲҽ֮
Դ֮ϣֳһź㣬ţԭ֮ƣѸӵ˺ȫ
ǿҵĲʣǧɳ壬ֱը˷ɽ
һѪͬһƥһ㣬һ֮£ͽըĺȫסʧ١
ͬʱʵľͷ֮һѪɫӰһѪɫòʣƽΪעǣͷĺڷ֮УȻһĨĿĵѩס
Ҷˣ
Ҷ
ħʹȻûмҶˣǶòȴһҲİһ֮£˳
ҶһκȻʹԽޱߵľ룬ֱӳħʹǰĿעŶԷң
ħʹһ֮ͻȻ췢һЦ̫ˣȻ㣬ɱ㣬ҿǳ񡣡
Ȼֱ˿̣ԾûнҶ
Ҷͷȷˣң
ɣ
ħʹһͻȻȭҶҶ㲻ͬȭӭ
飡
𶯣·ĺ˷һǧɲϵĶѵֱγһɾˣ
Ҷ˿̾վɾ˵˼֮ϣޱĿĺ˵ħʹ
ҶѾﵽ˵۷弫£ֻҪӭ٣ǵĵ֮ǣʵʼնǱľҪ߳һȼԵħʹη塣
οҶ֮ͬ޵еĴڣħʹȭ衣
һȭĶԾħʹʶԼСҶҶȴˮɾˣͫȻ
ˮ֮򣡡
ħʹϾͻָ˵ЦȻе㱾£ֻϧҲƿ˷֮ǿˮ֮֮ɽ
ħʹ˫ͻȻץʱȻ˾ҵ𵴣
֮УȻ죬ˮ棬Ȼĸ˿УȻͬɽһڲ֮䡣
Ҷ¶һ˿Цݣ㿴ʲôɽɣ
£Ҷ˫鱧һɺ嫵ӿʱһߴɵľɽѸٵĸ˳ȻҶ˫ֵ鱧ɵ˿С
ȻⲢûнҶ˫֮䣬һһɽ֣˲Ϣ֮䣬ߴɵľɽͬһ㣬ڿС
ȻҶɽɽûɣǿȥȴǺɽ޲ɽϵһһľ
ڻǷʿʱҶ;սûɽй񿴵ħʹȻͬķʽԸԼʵǸеЦ
Ū
ɸɽ˳
ң
Ҷ³һ֣ɽ̴ź֮ͬʱݺݵȥ
䣡
û˿̼㱻ҵķ飬ɽȴǺˣħʹ˹ȥ
ھɽֵʱħʹɫѾòÿˣڸ¶ţӲӣüĶȻѿһŨµĺɫ籡˲佫סź󷽼ȥ
ħһΪħݵͨħΪۣӶԼٶȡ
ħʹٶȼֱ绹죬һźһϢ֮Ѿ˵ʮ￪⣬ȻʱĶͻȻĸ֣תƣ
ħʹԸоԼܵĿռ֮дһĲû׵׷ʲôʱһɰĴӲŤԼƶĹ켣
һ屻˺ѵʹ˲Ϯȫһ̣ǰͻȻٴοӦѾԶʮҶ
ҶЦӣһҪԿҵĲ룬ħһǷĺѪһйϵ


1969 ͷ
ҶƲ⣬ħһĵ֮УʼѪ֮ΪչǺȴǿĨȥ
أһǲΪѪͬʱǴߵҶȴܹĿ
ֻЩҶĲ²⣬ҪǰλħʹԿԼĲ²Ƿȷ
ҶĻ£ѪѾк£ͬӵңŰ֮
Ѫ֮УӿһѪ֮ƴи֡
¡
׹һľ촫ѪӺ϶ΪһһѪӣȻħʹݺȥ
ħʹɫͱɷףԼѾϧΪۣʩչħݣȴҶԹĿռ䷨֮ԼӲĴԶ˻
ٽҶղ˵Ļ׹УףԼħһѪһʲôϵ
Ѫӵʱ˴嵽꣬ȫĿʼҵĲ
ΪԵĸоѪ֮иֶһ·ݷ̺һԼܣֻ̹³
èܼһڴ֮епƣ
Ѫڳ嵽ħʹǰħʹҲǿסĵֱη壬Ȼҧ⣬һھѪȻǺɫѪҺ֮Уһרħһĵƣ˲۳һֻͷĹ˫Ŀڣ׹䡣
֮ʣһ˫̱ǣͬһ㣬ǴɴС˸ԴһͣݺݵѪӴ˹ȥ
¡
Ѫк£һĲҽдͷ˲ͱɡ
ħʹֵĲɫħ˿ѾȫټҶռ䷨֮֮£޷ƶֻĿѪͷһ㣬ԼҲ˽ȥ
ˣ
Ѫ֮ƣȻֱӿħʹڣһһ㣬ݿֱ࣬ײݺݵĳˢ֮еĸ֣ȥ
ħʹѾŵĿɿڴ˵Ҳ֣Լֺɫ·ӿ룬ûиеʲô̫ĲʣֻȫԶ뵽Ѫ֮֮С
ָоӣһ㣡
һ̣ħʹȻͷһҽУΪʧѪ֮ƵĳΪȻҲȫʧ
ɲ֮䣬ʹһ߸ϵˣΪһˣ

ҽУħʹҲ޷վڿУΧռ֮Ҳ˲ʧֱ·ĺȻ׹ȥ
ǣȴǴüĳһѪ֮ư֮£Ҷǰ
ʱ˿̣ڣ֪жڹעⳡսȻϳҶǱħʹǸϣҶܹյʤ
ڣǵϣʵҲǸоһַĵ𺳡
ôǿħʹҶǰȻֲ˼Ϣʱ䣬Ѿ꣬Ҷʵ֮ߣѾ޷
ǰ׷ɱҶ˿̶ʼֲ̿ҶǷˣĻȫŽһҲҶĶ֡
ЩҶȫûйκνʿ˿ȴ˷ܣ֮ҲҶ˾һĴڣ޲˳羴֮ɫ
˵ش֮ңһ֮ϣ𡢵ؿλ죬ҲһĻ
˶һۺȻ¶һ˿Цȴβס𾪣˴˵ͷ𣬻âҺȥ
Ҷûпħʹ׹뺣е壬עǰǳη꣬¶˼֮ɫ
ʵѾ֤ԼĲȷģ
Ѫ֮ƣħһĿǣʵ»£Ѫһŵħһˣˣ
ңѪ֮Ƴ˿ħĵ֮⣬ȻħһڵΪ
ǰҶѪ֮Уûᵽġ
ħһѧѪ֮ƣƺ˰Լĵ֮⣬Ҳһֽڳͷá
Ҷ˼ѵħ񣬵ҲѪһŵˣħڵʱ̫ԶѪһŵˣǣǼпѪʼ棬Ѫ۶Ĵˣ
ĻôħΪʲôҪҳ֣ݣ֪ܲѪһŵˡ
ֻһֿܣħѪ۶棡
ҶֻҪ㲻ɱңҾ͸һܣһܣ
ȻħʹǳŵҶӳ˼л˹
ʱ˿̣ħʹҲûǰĸ߰еֻ޾ĿֻţȻκһֻʣʱ򣬾򶨲ȥ
ҶעŶԷã㻹ʸ̸𣿡
ûʸûʸ񣬵ǣܣҵҲֵܷģֻ׿˵ңܺҲżĹϵ


1970 ֶ
Ϊħĵϵˣ֮һħµķӡ֮Է˲̽еܡ
㣬ҶȻ֪ħʹĻ΢һʲôܣ
ȱ֤ɱңҲܸ㣡
Ҹû׼ɱ㣡
ҶĻشħʹ֮⣬΢΢һ˵ģ
˵ˣûʸ̸ٸϢʱ䣬˵ĻҲˣ
˵˵
Ҷħʹ֪Լȷûκʸ̸֮£ԼҲΪ˻ȥԿˡ
ħ˵Ϊ·ڰ֮ʱܿԣսʱ֮Ҳս֮ʱûиϵһˣȫҪĨɱ㵽һ磬ЩʿǲĻôҲᱻĨɱ
ϢҶȻһɱ
ȷԼϵΪشΪԼѣһ붼ڷսС
ҪĨɱǵĻôҲз֮
ʲôв
ħʹҡҡͷҾͲˣ˵սʵǸ֮ԴµһַʽνĲƾǲԸɣ
Ҷĵǲ࣬ΪսȷĻʿһ񣬵ǳ֮ҲʧңҪָܵƣ統顣
˵񣬵ǺЩȣսгԶҪһ
˵սбֻ£Ŀܡ
ôȻָĲԸ˳ˣ
ҶţԼֵѣԸ˳ˣһûУ
Ƭ̣ҶĿ¶⿴ħʹȻܣѾڷս֮⣬ԣӦ֪ܹٴνսɣ
֪ħʹصĵ˵ͷ죬иطԽսǰǱ֮߱ѪҲǸλΪ˷ǵĺܹɽսµһڶĵط
֮߱Ѫ
ҶΪԼ֮߱Ѫֻӵдм䣬ǵ죬ĺѩʱȴΪԼҲ֮Ѫɹѣһͨƽͻ˽֮
ô˵ȻôһطôԼǿԳȥ޷룬ôʹħʹֺˡ
ӣ֪Ҳɱˣ
ҶһЦħʹʱŵ
ȷıֶΣ
֪һҶ֪սеΣգôȻ취룬Ҫ룬ֻԼЩӵд֮Ѫĵϵˣʸ롣
һҶȻɱԼ
ҶȻһУ·ĺˮ֮жȻһ˻һĢһֱӰθɵĸ߶ȣҶǰ
˻ֿȻħʹ壡
һѪӿħʹȫ˽ȥ
һе꣬Ҷɾ˺Ȼ·ĺˮ֮УǻĽ֮Уָƽ
ҶͬʱҲ̼䴫졣
죬Ҷں֮дѪһţԭҼõΣ㿪ɽţϣλʿܹѪһţǹԻͣ
Ϣ˵ĳֱħʹܣ
ҶȻҪ쿪ɣһӭ·ʿ룬ҪѾҵռһϯ֮أûѹΪϵĴڣ
Ȼٴ峤֮뵽㣬˭Ҳʱ򿪿ֹתĿģǼæԸ˸Ͻ׼񣬵׼ǰҺϲ
ҶҪκεĲڣޱҪҶֺõĹϵ
ҲٵˣϢ֮ȴüɫ裬֮
Ŀ˸ղҶĻɱħʹ֮ҶѾΪ˺ܶĿеľλȻҪڿɣôܹɣ񲻵ΪԼҵһĿɽ
˿ɽ֮⣬Եɺ֮£ϰҶս߹ǿɾƽƣǰ;˰
ĵĵģĵĶģһʱ֮䣬ڣʿǸ˼
ҶȴǸ˵̬ΣֱصҺϿգһε쳹֮ϡ
ڣɣڴڣѪһţ
׼׵ʱ̴ãҶ̷֮еˣٵж
ʱҺ֮ϣ򣬺ȻƺƵӰһۿȥߣҲн֮
ͻȻֵڶӰȻ˴ʿע⣬ҲʱͣãȻĿſеӰ
ֻҶɫƽעȺԼԽԽӰ
ȺˣҶ֮ͣͻȻȺ֮
۵ӣѪ
ʢˣѪ
ؿ¶ؿˣѪ


1971 һɺ
𣬵ؿۣⲻҺܽѵڣʵͷ
ʱ˿̣Ȼȫֳ̬Ѫ
һĻһƬ޴ķ籩죡
һУҶѾϵ΢΢һЦӭλ룬룡
ͷĿҶ赭дĻħʹ֮󣬲òѡвʣڳʵǰǸûеڶ·ѡ
ͷĴͱʣʱҺ򣬻˵ѪһţӴ˿̿ʼȫĳΪģ
ھзӵĸ·ʿڽ֮УȻ½вʿ˷ĽϣܹѪһš
ǰæµˣҶ鲻Խ˵ѪʱΡ
ǸʱԼΪڶֵܺѺǰǵİ£ӭӰ˷͵ĵء
ȴǻԼΪͷЭ֮£ͬæµӭĵء
ⳡʢһµʱ䣬Ҷ£ʢʱ䡣
һУҶҲǼʶõȻ˳˲٣ҶɱħʹĻԻսͷڵĹ˳ҲѪ£ڶʱھ۵һ
ʵԾ˵ٶš
һ֮ѪĵѾﵽ֮ڣнһˣͷ
ȻҶȻͷĹ˳ͬǩѪû취ò
ΪûнɢͷĸߣͷΪ˳ϣһ֮£֮ϡ
Ӳʩ֮£ͷҲԭȵĲĵĴѪ֮С
֮Ҷ֪Լ뿪ֻҪûԸ˵ĳ֣Ѫõ״̬ͼٶȷչ׳ò˶ãΪһҶĳǿɡ
ʵϣҶҲ׼ˡ
֮ǰԵʦǸΪԼ֮գٴοٳһ͵ķ󷨣УԼġ顱֮ıʵֱڲͬĵط
иʵܹ߹ҶȻĻ޷
Ѫİȫ֮ҶҲãͷ񣬽ԼҪ뿪ϢֱԲ˵˳
ʵЩ֪Ҷ϶뿪ģϢҲȣֻǾš
뿪֮ǰȥƼ˺ȫ⣬ҼǵõһμңȭĺҲȥ˳·ݷһ£֮ڣκεǣеĺ֮ǣҶɨƽҪģǰάѪһţҪȵгһһʱѪһŲˣ
Ҷε¶һĨɱֲѹʱȫĹ˵ϡ
ѪһĻǵϣôǳΪҲһŹΪ֮Ҫʧ
̧ͷǰѾʧȥҶټ

ҶǵĳŵȥƼˣʮѪ֮УȻ˳
֣ڵɱʵ̫ϡ٣ԶԶȲϻ죬Ӧǻע⣬ַͨˡ
ҶҲ⣬Ҫȥ죬ҪȪӸѶ˵Ҳһʱ̡
μңѾصɽ֮У֮ͬݺˣҺҶŸɣҶҲûΪǣһһѪǩѪȻپһ֮󣬱Źǡ
ҶȴǴμ˵ĿУ֪һ΢е㲻Ϣ
֪ȭաս
սգ
գͬȻҶʶȴһʦ֣ʥս죬һսĺˣս죡
ټս죬һΪȭսʽȭȭǾ߱ͨӵпٵ֮ܡ
ȭ񣬺ƣ
˵֮ǰ֪ڰҹͰҹҹмĿֻɺͬգôȭսʹʥսͬͬսҶʵ޷ţĽһɺϡ
òᣬߵУвٶЩ߸ϵĺ˰ɣ
Ҷ¶һԳЦ֮Ѿ뵽˱ɽУ
ʦʦֲµʮ󣬸ߺҵ˸ԵĻԵں֮ӵ꣬ճɹĽ뵽Ĺ֮С
ֻǣĹĪ磬Сԣ˲Ҷ֮ˡ
ˣҶҪٴ￴ܷҵĹµ˿˿
Լˣ


1972 
ɽȻȥʮ꣬Ｘȴû˿ı仯ҶΪ֮£ѾĽһһľС
ֻϧûκκĹйصټʮ֮ĵطʱҲǿտҲ
ţҲĹܹҵս죬Ͼһھʥأһڲڽ硣
Ȼû뵽ԸҲˡ
Ҷǽһֱ˺Ŀռ䣬뵽֮УĿĵƯ˰µʱ䣬ϣܹٴμǸܿѪ۶֮Ĺ
Ȼ޹֮£Ҷֻ뿪죬ǰ˵졣
ɽԽռ䣬Ĺ̵УҶʼհڽܣе㵣Լ޷뵽졣
Ͼߵ죬Ȼʦ̵ķڷ֮Уڸ磬Ͼһγԡ
֤ĵǶģɽûܵκ׵ľƿĿռϣ˳롣
죬ҶûҲûκѣͽɣԭһ۵ĺˣһӵпˮ֮ķϣʶˡ
ˣĿǰڷս֮С
ˣҶڲûչ¶ԼΣֻͬһһ㣬ڴ˽֮ڽħ˺֮˻ɱ֮󣬱ת뿪
죬Ҳͬˣ
Լ񣬲ҴµĽ˽һ֮Ҷ˵죡
ڵ磬Ҳ֯Ȫʼֵ磡
ԼʦʦǵΪʵҶһµķ
ѪһŵĴУȻΪԶȴﵽʮʱ䣬ȴйɣÿһ֮䣬ͻһλµĴ˳֡
࣬Ҷ֮ǰѪˣϾţʱ䣬ʱ䣬Ҳ֮á
ʱ䣬ӷʿһ̤죬վ۷֮ϣٶȣ˵죡
ҲΪʱĶݣѪ֮УΪ˵͵ġ
֮ϣѪһŵϰУ
ٶжϵĻΪٴﵽ˵쵤֮߸һ㣬Ӧòᳬʥսĵڰ쾰֮
֮ʥ֮ϵѪˣϴħԯ콾Ҷ֪ǽΪȫѪ֮⣬ˣӦöʸΪ
飬Ѿ϶ĳΪ
ôڣŮ۷͵׶ˣھǻĻһ֮УҶ˵ʱ޷⿪ԡ
ҶҡҡͷٵĸţѾ֮壬һˣ¶Ҫˣ̬ƽͣ벻ͨ㲻ȥ룬Ϊţһ죬ŵĴ𰸣Լǰˮʯ
վ֮ڣҶѾ˷Ӷȥ
̣͸оܴһɹεͬһɽϵǶֹ̽ӡ
ȻʼҲڷȴ࣬ԶҲﵽ֮ңҶƣٳʮ
ҲˣΪԼĿǰľǴڣҪѭƶĳĹɣʵﵽ˵֮ҲС
仰˵ڣҶڲپǰĴڣͬˣ
֣ҶüǲԼİΣֻһƱҪһʱ䡣
·ڰ֮ڻʱ֣ŵᰵʱҲûк͸¶Ӧûжʱ䡣
һֱǰ쵤죬ȽսУҵʦֺͳǣƽ֮ǣ
ݵ˼ҶԭȵĴ㣬ȪԼʦǺֵǵİΣҪ
ȻҶҪиʱȴȻ֣ɽĴԽʧЧˣ
ӣԽ磬ҲƵģƵı׼ԼΪ磬ﲻĳһ磬Ͳܽ룡
ȻҶڵĸҵľȴʵʵ֮ңҲûиоٵף£ͻƻжʱ䣬ôֻڴһʱˡ
εһ̾Ϣ֮ҶαѾԭʧٳʱȻ˾һ̵ĵط
һ޳ǣ
֮áޡݣΪеʵ̫̫ˣҶϴȥôط˷սе۹صĳǽ֮⣬ûκһܹǰˡ
Ҷովھ޳֮ǰ̾ĸоˣǿԼվ֮ɨ˹


1973 ʹ
۲죬ʵһ磬Ƿ˽Уһּò˵һƵΪ
ǿ޷֣Ȼۡ
ˣĿŵ޼ɵһ˿ҶɨʱҶһ⡣
ףӦ޳֮оסλ֣ÿһ֮˶Ҫ̲һ˵ģ˵̬ȣȴԴһָ߸֮Уȫκ˷
ҶȴǲɫվԭأɨԼ塣
Ȼʱ˿̣ǵѾıԼòΪҲıһ֮
ҶϸûκεͣһɨȻûнҶһ¡
ǰʧֻһȴȻҶԺ֮дһ仰ǴڳУҪԹȻ
һ³֮ʱȻ˰˶Ȳֹͬһһ㣬ֱըҶԺ֮С
ڴˣҶȻһ㷴ӦûУ˵ĻԻᱻ𵴡
⣬ȻǶԷһ壡
ѾʧҶɫƽĵӦͬҲ˵ڳУ㶦֮ơ
УҲ˵ʵߣһﵽأﵽ۷壬͸˿Īڣûи֣
ʵҶԼˣΪľΪʮѸ٣ڽͬȾ֮£ʵ֮
κ֮У˵ﵽ۷ĸˣܹﵽؾģ˸ֵС
ˣ˵ľ磬˵ȻǿҲǱȾҪǿĶ࣬һȻҲȻ
ҶҲȥЩ⣬ĿģΪ˴ϢͬʱҸʵĵطչأȡӭ٣Ӷǰ졣
Ҷ׼ڳǵʱ򣬺ȻɫһתͷԼھ˵أʮ֮ңĵطһȺڷļܣǵһͷ״һ޷׷ǡ
Ⱥ˹жŮǵװ֮ϲѿӦöеֻȴǼΪǱȻͷĶ֡
ҶǲµģпһĻҲĲ̣вһ̾ܿռ䷺һѾ˲ʧ
ˣ˿̶Ѿ;ƿݵĵزСǸŮӣºȻһģβȣֱӷ˳ȥֻʱð׹⣬зֽ֨֨Уȥ
ͬŵˣһ곤һҧгһת˹ȥͬʱдУܰ
飡
һ촫ͬʱоԼǶȻײһɽһ㣬ֻһˣֻˣһȴֱӵɳȥصˤڵϣйֽ
ţ˺󶼿һӰǵǰ
ȻҶ
Ҷޱ飬עͷ󣬿е³һ֣
˵Ҳ֣ͷ׺и׹䣬Ҷ֮ȴ¶˿־֮ɫ
ΡΡĴӵȻͬһ𣬶Ҷֻצӱһҡ£ڶҶƺڸлĲɱ֮
һ֮ŵת壬һˡ
һĻĿɿڴҶҲûж˵ʲôֻǳǵ˵ͷĵ㣡
˵֮ҶתҲ뿪ǸڵµŮͻȻڵǰǰʹ
ʹ
Ҷ뵽˱ԼѪ֮еλħʹһʹħʹʵ˵˶ʹߡ
ȻСŮ֪ʹĴڣѵ˵ڣʹ֣
ĻԼǲ
ҶҡҡͷҲʹ
ǰմ
ҶûлشһѾʧ»صڳ⣬ֻ֮ɫˡ
ҶڳУչֳһصľ磬ûκ˵ע⡣
ڳȻ󣬵ҶܹȫǣѾ֪йֶƬ򣬸ղŷųˣֱλڶأǿˣռ˶Ƭʣµ˷ֱռͱ
΢һҶ㾶Ŷȥ
һ·֮ϣҶ˲ٵԭסҲ˲ٵʿֵԵڼʿ֮ģҲӦ֮ġ
һУҶ뵽˻ǣȻ粻ͬһУȴȫͬ
վס
ȻһŵϵҶı΢΢һڶԷеϣǴӶԷϣоһ˿ʶϢ


1974 ͷһ
ҶվһӣŨüۣ˫Ŀޱ飬ŭ˿ȥһ֮һ֮һϸС
ʲô峤ҶҲҶȤǣԷϣһ˿ԼеʶϢ
Ϣ
Ҷ۾ȫӵĴڣпʼ˼ԼںδƵϢ
ӿҶķӦ΢΢һϵһɲǶʱɢȡ֮ľȻһ˵
ֱ仯ֻһ˲ѣܿ죬ָֻ֮ɫעҶ㲻ڳǵˣӺδ˺£֪еĹأ
ϣ
ҶȻſ۾ѿڶ֣ͬʱѾͬһŴһӵϡ
ҶˣϵϢ͵Լʱĸоһһɨ
ȻԷһԼ޷͸ȻҲ޷֪ԷľΪ
ӿҶһٵĲԼһת¶һ˿Цӣ鿴ҵΪҵľ磬Կģ
ʲô£
ʱҶջɫƽĿŶԷ
ߣӲĵҿףһէڳǣҪڳƽ£Ҫҽɱѣ࣬ʮʯƷ
ѣ
Ҷüͷһ壬ʮƷʯ۸ʵ̫ˣ˵Բĳߴ壬Ǹܹļ۸
΢΢һЦҶ˶ԷݣӦڳͬƦåһĴڣԼףԲܹԼҪѡ
ңò˵Էϳ൹Ǽʱ֪ˣĻΪĳλеλĸˣȻԹԵĽѡ
ֻϧҶ
ʮƷʯе̫˰ɣ
ҶƬ̺ſڵ
ˣ΢΢һ¶΢ЦҾ۸ۣͯϻ˵ϽǮ
ֻǸͨåҶǲ΢ѵһ٣߸ɴΪźͷһϢҶ򽻵
ǣҲأ
ϵı黯ЦҾ㿴ҵ
£ҶȻоµĴغȻһţݷ󣬴зһɾ޴ȻĽԼȥ
֮Ҷһͷϲܹͬˮ㣬ӦԿɣ
⻰˵꣬ٴסȵѿڶ㣬ô֪ģ
ҵȻ֪ߣҸʯ
Ҷ֮кڹһȹĻʱþĹԹԵĸһǰһһջ֮С
뷿䣬Ҷ˻Ļعһܣ϶ʱ¶˾֮ɫȾȥ
ֵǣηĴžƶƶһ㣬޷ĵ
ԱߣҶʼƽĿ
ʱ򣬾֪Լˣ˵ͻȻͨһҶǰ̵ĵǰҴˣҴˣС۲ʶ̩ɽǰǰຣ
˿ٵıҶסˣüͷ΢΢һ
ǰӦңҾ
ʱ˿̣ĵﻹа֮ɫ̣ҶȴܸܵĳҲûκη塣

Ҷɫƽ֮ȴǰһ˿ǿƣʱþվʶҶڲͬ۵һĨľš
ܹĳĿӲǵһˣǻҶɴȹ֮ϸѯ˳ҲЩйڳǵ
ԭһСɽ壬ΪһʿУΪͽܣ֮ϧʿɱҲʧȥʼĴƯ
ģԼһϣڶ޷ԼΪԿ
ǣʼҡײƭ
ÿһطϢסԭסĳ඼ס֮󣬱㿪ʼר֮ˣƭ
˵һУջķᣬ̶̼ʱ䣬ͻ˴ʯһӲǽԼΪ֮
κεط̫ͣʱ䣬Ȼǵıʶ֮鷳ԻǴһǹһط
ڳҲѾʱ䣬׼ٸһƱˣû뵽һƱȴײǹϣҶ


1975 Ҷ
ڳǵǺҶ²ĲҲɣһ塣
ֱţ޼ҡ
еҲǸź
ڳĳУʵ㲻ʲô޳ǣҲٸ֮ࡣ
ƵڣʵͬһΪڵϽ
ԷΪϱгԾǻΪ֮⣬Ĵ֮УڣǶͷ֮һ
Ҳ֪ˣΪԴӳڣûгķΧ
ȴ֪֮ϣһ
֮ϣҪķԸνʹɳˣʵǿ֮
ͺͻ첻ͬˣѾֱӽ쵽죬Ҳ˵쿪ʼЩǵʵٵѾܹˡҶţѹ֣ղǼСһΪҾʹ
͵վһԣĿǰڻ֮еûκ˼
֪Ȫ𣿡
Ȫ֣ãȻȴǶȻ¶˾֮ɫڻ֮УҲ̲ס˳һ
󣬶ڻȪ֪żη塣
ȪΪصһʵҲǿĿ£˴ԣȪſԺͥ±ҪǿΪһ仰ĪȪ
ȪеÿˣǼɱ¾ɱϣ˵࣬ǱȪɱû뵽ಢûֻһǾãΪȪ׷ɱ֮£òԼķʽȪŽһ
ߣ
ĵⷬҶ̲סһߣȻΪԼʦ֣Ϊ»ȪȻʵˣҲϣκۡ
̸֪Ҷŭ⣬æԹԵı͡
Ҷ侲ӾĵҲʲʲôõϢǱջȹ֮þĶʱ˹
ңҸղź˸ΣɫԾɴŵãĵ
ҶĿһۣ˦ӳһʯϰٿҵЩʯҸطúɣٸҡײƭ֮£Ȼһڵģ
ĿǰǶʯƬ̺Լ۾Ȼе㲻Լġ
ǰ
Ȼ֪ղŵ׷ʲôȴ뵽ҶȻʶԼƭǷǵûгͷԼԼôʯֱ޷顣
٣ǲ㳤ģȴľ߿֮дûҶˡ
иֵܣżһǿܿˮҪʵĶ࡭
˵ʵҶھĵľͬ飬ΪԼ֮·ϣûʦţûͬţûгıӻеļѡ
ֻˣҶҲһ˳ֱ뿪˴ʦ֣ڻ˾ʦ֡
֮ǰҶȫƾԼŬһǿߣԣϣˣԱȥһЩթ飬ϾӵźܶʿһҲ޷õһ츳õõȫΪǿߡ
ǣҶ򵥵Ľϵ飬˾ġ
֮󣬳Ĭ֮󣬺ȻҶֱȭлǰ
Ҷ΢΢һЦúǰ㲻һԺͷһһ硣
ģĵ¶˼֮ɫʵʦδҲֻһʿǿʳнУǸʦҲûܹأԶֻǰۺӡ
һΣҶѣΪֵܣָоһӶδᵽģȻҲԶļסˡ
磬ܸң𣿡
Ҷ
Ҷԥ˵Լ۵ˣκε͸¶ԼʵݣܻΪԼ󲻵鷳
ҶҶ磬Ҽסˣ
صĵ˵ͷǱˣҪҶߣȻҶصĿ֮ȴǾܾˡ
ԭΣգ
Ȼʹʱ֣ôԼĴǳΣգžߣǰǺ
ҶľܾеģȻ뵽Ҷģ˵ͷȻˣҶ磬ұˡ
Щʯ߰ɡ
ĿЦҡҡͷ磬ЩʯҲҪҴҲ֪Ŀǰƿ޷ͻˣҲ˷ѣԼš
ȻûֱԣҶףЩʯ
ҪǰƷʯҶܹ˦ϰ飬ԴӷսУ֮ЩʯѾеˡ
ҶеΣ΢һб⣺ڳУжķ


1976 
Ҷʯ϶ǿżƷһ˫ۣ֮Ӹķ֮ӮģȻѾҪʯҲܾûȥĹĹˣƾڽɵĴۣ֮ӮĸʸǴ
ȻҲܹʱڻôʯ
㶵аķܹȥģ
ķǿһǧĵطҡײƭˣȻǴȥҶ˵κζķȥá
޷ȥһĶķɣ
ĶķſģķҪǧƷʯСĵ
ǧ飡
Ҷ϶ʱ¶˿ЦҪǧʯҲȥˣֱӸľǡ
ȥҵ̰ɣ
ҶǷŵεļæ磬ֵط̫ˣǲҪȥĺãȱʯ𣿲ȴðɣһٶ顣
ҶοĿ۾ģԼûпˣԼֵܿҲĽԼ翴ΪԼһ仰Ըóеʯ֤ĵıԣ
ãҵҪ⵱̵жڣȥɣ
εĵ˵ͷҶ뿪˿ջһ·֮ϣϵҶųڵ
磬ҿΪһ֮ô۾ôһ㣬һУ԰Σ
Ҷ֮󣬾̲סʳеĺ棬ԭֱڣΪҶԼǿģһ˫۾
˫۾һһ
Ҷ˵ʵھȴΪǷˣҲû׷ʡ
ڳǴ˻˰ʱǵڳĵ̣쵱¥
̣нģǷ˽ģƹͻƣһָ߸ϵ̬ȣм
ĵ̣裬ȥһһ㣬ߴ㣬ֺΰ
֪֮еˣƢǺεȵĸ߰
ʵıǽҶȥС̵ģҶȴС˲ʶϾҪģЩҩ˼ġ
Ҷ;ĸҪſǸߴʮŲ̨׶Ѿһˣޱס˵Ҫʲô
Ҷû˵ĵ⵱Ȼǵˣ
˵һ˿֮ɫ쵱¥йأƷֵٿƷʯһɲ׼쵱¥ߣһɲ׼
˵ĻҶɫƽǾȴѾ̲סеʲôƹأ˭֪쵱¥Ὺʲôļ۸һǹ⽫۸ѹͣǻҪɣ
¶ɫĵ쵱¥ĹأԸ⵱ߣ
ʱ˵ȴǱĵһһأһոմﵽأҴܹͨʲôö
ĻҪ˵ʲôҶȴֹ̧гһŵҩݵ˵ǰ鷳㿴ŵҩܵǮ
Ҷϣöʵ̫࣬ɽ䶦ٵȵȣЩ϶ǲܵģԭȴеõһЩҲȺ˻Ѫ֮УԣֻһЩĸĵҩ䵱
ȻЩҩɶͨҩܱóֵģҲƷ쵤Լ
ڣҶóľһڻ죬һֵƷʯ죬Ҳֵͬ飬ƷƷ
Ͼһ磬ܹĵҩǹӦеһЩԪϲģϧ߼۹
˸ûнҶ;ķóĵҩǲϣңҲʲôʦԽɨһۺҡͷᳬʮʯ
Ҷ΢΢һЦŭ˵ͷðɣ쵱¥۹ȻһȣļֵȻʮʯֵܣߣ
˵֮Ҷľתߣ˸ոȻ˵ȵȣ˵
ҶͻȻһѾ˵ǰϷһ̰ɱĶҶҺ㣬û𣿡
ҶȻ̧ͷ֮һѪ⣬Ŀ˶Էһۺžģƹ˶Էǰȥ
һۣȴ˶Ȼоһɾ޴ĺ˲ȫ
һ̣˾ԼݷͻȻزı֮أ嶼ɺϮ֮£ýӲ
ֱҶ;ĵӰȫʧ֮˲𽥻عɫȴòҰޱȣתĶҶʧķ򣬾þò
ʱһϵȻĶ𣺡ΰڸʲô


1977 ɱԽ
ΰһ𣬶Ȼعæתͬΰ쵱¥ڣһ嵽֮ϡ
һ뷢԰׵ߣϥ˫Ŀգ֮ϣȴһİɫơ
ߣΰ¶˹֮ɫϣ
Ȼ˫۽յվſڣһʲô
ϣղǰҽ쵱¥ĹظǣȰ뿪û뵽ȴΪƭǣҶ򣬶ҲҪҶ֡
֣۾ûȴ¶һ˿ЦΪûжˣ
ϣǲ֣ûж֣Ϊ֮һֻһؾˣȻóһ
ʲô
ߵ۾ڻȻĿʵһ㣬ֱӴΰϣһɰϢӿӲǽΰƵһ

ΰһԼ޷ȷǿŵҩǷɫһ죬æϣҲʶǸ׿˵ģӦġ
ߣ߲һߵһ仰ţ˳ʲôںδ
ˣһҵǸóҩˣĺܣˣ縰׷ܺñϣǸո뿪ӣӦǰˣ
߱۾˵ΰԥţԼǷҪղҶ뿪ʱԼһ˵
գѡ˳ĬΪţϵʵǸһеŹ֣ҲԲϵĶ֣
ͬʱѾ뿪쵱¥Ҷ;ģȷǰһҵ̣Ҷ˾ĵĽ飬׼ȥһС̡
Ҷ磬ղóģòɣ
Ҳ𾪵ˣȻֻ֪ʵ󲻵ҶȻҪһóȥ䵱ĻǼֵǰ
Ҷ˵ȴоһ쵱¥ķ򼲳۶ֱԼ;ĵϡ
аЦӣǿãҾ͸һᣬһķȥˣ
ǰһԵɺϣһλǰĶ֮УзҲһţţ
Ҷ΢Цţ˵ⷬΪ֤Լû˵һȻĽ˳ϣ쵽˾ĵǰϸ
һ֮ŵûæһѽҶס磬ϽպãҪǱ֪ǾԻɱ֮ġ
ʱ򣬾ĶҶһ˿ɣΪ磬Ȼϣƺûʲôľ飬ֻļ򵥵ô֪
ҪǻԼõ϶͵͵ҸطҸ߱ˣó
ҶΪƺ±˲֪һ
ҶЦŵʲôǬѵ˸ڳУĿŵɱԽɣ
ɫĵͷ磬ڳȻһУʵϾǹƿأˣȻǲ㶯֣ҪԸ㣬ǿɾûκι˼ˡ
ŶҶϵЦݸˣǾͺã
أʵǶҶķӦеˡ
֪ҶĵľǶԷ֣ûκι˼ɣǱȻԼ֣ȻǼˣ
¼ҵ̻жԶûн·Ҷʵ
С·
ĺҶĿģ߹հ֮£뵽һΪƫƧС֮УǰҶں
ʱҶͻȻһ㾰ĵĺԣһӿ壬ʱһᣬ˵ϣʧȥ֪
ͬʱһȻҶı֮УУ˸ŷĺâֱӴҶ塣
ﬣ
ҶǺһ㲻Щȫ̵ԼϣĽײ֮
ʧ֮Ҷ壬·û˿𣬺˵վɫƽĿŴӿ֮һͷ׵ߣ쵱¥λϡ
֮ĸ֣
λϣĶ֮ʶҶչָ֮ʱ˳ʱӿ̰ͷ
ֵ޷ġ
ţȻܹóӦļֵȴûеطȥȻڣһһؾʿϾȻʹ
ֻᣬҪǴĻˣ
ˣλˣɱڣĿģ
羰˵żȻڳڵһɱҶ鴫ȥҲû˸ҽô
ȻԼΪڱصõȫһȻʿûκε˺Ȼ׹ѿڶΪ


1978 Ҹ˵
Ҷƽشһ˹ȥ
һߵһžȻֱֹͣҶڶصһ¡
仯ߵ϶ʱ¶˿־֮ɫһƺ֮£ϵ֮Ѿһ˿Ѫ
Ҷ׼ʱȻһһɿ֮ɢ˾ȻɿԲ˼ٶ˶ȥ
ڣѾʶˣȥֻһ֮ˣΪʵԳԼ̫̫ࡣ
ԼĶ֣Ψһİ취ǸϽߣӵԽԶԽã
ʵղΰҶһĻҲ˲ʣֻϧ֪ȴѾˡ
Ե쵤ħʹҶ¶ûз֮һؾϣôܴҶأ
ǵ˲Ϣ֮ԶȥҶһЦһѪӳӿɻԲѵľľջڣȻѭſķٴ
鼱֮£һص쵱¥ֱӱڳеڣ
ʮԼֻлص֮УлĿܣ
ţռڳǶ֮һɣû뵽Ϊϵһʱ̰ӶΪһµǿС
ӣǿ֣
ڻصţæſڿͬʱһѪ
еڶӷӦƽ߸ϵϾȻǱ̬ӻɣټǿĸ֣ʱ𺳵ˣæ֮ʾĴӣ
ͬʱѾٵâͬʱһǿҵµԲιȦҲ˲𣬽ǵɽ
ô£
һĺǳһԼѮҵѾɽ֮
ˣϺŵӶǳһΪ˾ڣʵĴϣ֮
ʦ֣ǿţ˵ͬʱһѪΪ𺧣ղǸˣֻȻͽԼ˳£ҲĶְ
ϵɫһϽµϢҵҪ˭Ҵţ
ʦ֣˼ǿ²ģ
ҴҶһ̱֮ĿϢٿڶ˵һ֡
ʱҶӰҲѾӿһߵŵϿգһɱ㽫ʦ˳ɱ
Ŵһ£гǵ̷׷׷ӳ˸ǿʵҶ˹
֮϶ʱʰ쵣ַֹǵһ㣬ȫĽҶ
ҶһѪӵĳһеĹеķȫѪ֮Уնʱָƽ
һĻ˶סˣ˹ѪӣǴδġ
üͷѣźԩ޳Ե޹ʴʦܲ㣬񻹸ɽ֮£Ī˲ɣ
Ե޹ʣҶ¶һ˿Цݣһָϵ쵱¥䵱ҩ֮ͻȻ֣ͻɱ֣Ե޹𣿡
Ҳǳ˾ˣ΢΢һѾȥ³ˣȻ˶Է䵱֮Ҫᡣ
뵽ϲϵȻ˼ҶҪ䵱ˣ˱ǣôҪᣬɱڣ
Ĵʦ֣䵱ң
ʲô
ϵȻһ⣡
Ǳ˵֣ԼҲ϶ֵģ
Ҷƽٴ𣺡죬ҪǲҸ˵ͱҲˣ
˵е̰ҲѾһЦãȻҪ˵ĻǽͱˣţҾ͸˵
˵ģ
ҶȻ̧֣·ݺһ
ǣ
ǵϿյԲιȦҶһѹ֮ƣʱ˾ҵҹȦҲȻԾ޷ҶƵһѹ֮
ܣ
ɫ䣬Ҫ֪ɽҲֺܺôֻһλʹٵʱ֮ɽ׻顣
ʹ
ֳڴԺеʱ˶ʱ׻һ㡣
⣬ˣãòʹɣȻĻڣڣҲû˭ܹϴ
ϵɫѾǲҰˣͷ֮ϸ亹ʼð
ɱʹǾ͵ƣս
ǲ
һ춯صľ촫ɽ޷ٳҶһѹ֮Ȼը


1979 Ƿ
ɽȻҶƵһѹ֮޷ܣȻʱڣϵϣµŵĵӣ˿̶Ѿȫͬʯһ㣬˵ǵͷϿգҶɫƽϲˣƺƵ󣬶˵Ѵ֮һ
ϵѾһڷ˻𣺡ʹһʹȻĻǿ󣬲У£һҪϽ֪ͨŽΣӣ
ҶĵҪ˵أ
ϸ죬ȴһһڣݵĶȡĿȨſڷǰѾ֪һж֮ǰϢ֮ŭǰκŶᾡ㡣
ҶоһΪȻܹĳ˿̴Ѿڶķʱһסˡ
ԼҲİԼվڳ⣬ɨԼ֮Уǿǵ
ȻӦþŵ
ȻλȻδȴ֪﷢һУҶǿ֮ˣżæͳһϣܹš
ҶȻ̧ͷĿ⾼ĿڳǵĶߣĵʯ
ͬʱڳǶһСɽɽ֮УһɫˣȻֳ˾֮ɫΪŵƴڴ˿̣ҲĸܵҶĿ⣬ݷԽһУֱֱԼϡ
ȻԼĲ֮ѾҶ
ҶĿ⣬ƴ֪еľвζ̿ڵʮƷʯ֪ǰǷܹ⣡
ʵҶķʽе㲻ϰߣⱾǰԣ΢һʮ飡
ȻΪڳͷ֮ףôʮʯ˵Ȼʲô¡
ã
һҧӦȻʮȷʵеܹ࣬Ҷ֮ĳԹȴֵˣ
Ƭ֮󣬾һռ䷨
˫ֹĽǰʮʯǰպá
ҶһУȡУһɨȷ֮ͷˣ
仰ҶתһѾ˲ʧӰ١
Ŵϵ£ÿ˶³һڳΨȴţΪһ̰Ȼƽʧʮʯۣɲܹܵġ
ȻǱѾ㼴ǰαչʮ꣡
ɬĽͷ
ϲϣԳϵĿ⿴ŵӵǰ֮ˣκһ˲ǣΥߣɱ⣡
ǣ
ʵûЩڼʶҶǿ֮Ҳȥǣõͷǵ³϶ȥ޻ء
ô˵ŵһ粨ƽϢȥСɽ֮УƴڳƬ֮ȴǶȻվһ˱ɽ֮ʧ
Ҷص˿ջѪӷ䣬㽫ķ˳ջԼ˹
һӵվԼĺףɻĵ磬ôˣ£ʶԺһüΣ
Ҷ̲סЦΣûлġ
Ȼ֪ԼĻԣ϶ҶֽţȴҲûϸѯʣһܵף磬ôˣ̲ȥ𣿻жķأ
ȥˣ
Ҷһ˦֣һռ䷨͵˾ĵǰʮʯѾһ룬Աʱ֮裬ʣµһ룬Ȼȫ͸ġ
жʮʯӦ԰ͻƿպãϽ뿪ɣ
֮ǻζԼ۾۵âʱѾȫɵ
Լ˲Ŷõʱ䣬ҶȻѾŪôʯģ
𷢴ˣģҵݱȽ⣬˼࣬ҲܽߣĻΣ̫뿪֮ҲòҪ˵ʶԼҵȻСĴɱ֮
Ҷ͸¶˵ԼȻٴľɵҲԼһ㣬Ǽռ䷨ȻͨһͶҶȥ
ҶΪȫֹԥһ£ȴûг֣ǽ˾ĵĴΰݡ
ˣʯݣҲǷӣ
ȵİ֮Ҷһһ͵ʱİסˣû˿ķ֮Ѿͳ˷䣬վ˿ջ֮⡣


1980 
վڿջ֮⣬ſջĴźܵ¶˸м֮ɫŴٴľһת뿪
Ҷһֱھĵϣֱעƽµ뿪ڳ֮󣬲˻
ղǰ֮ʱҶ֮ҪĴβ𣬾ǲ뱻̫֪Լһ𣬴ӶΪҪ鷳
ŵΰϣҶţٸĵӣҲҽй¶ȥ
֮ӦòΪԼ¶ܵκεǣܹһ㣬Ѿӣ
Ȼ뿪ҶҲҪʼԼˣӾĵĿУڳǣ춼˴ŵ˽⡣
ֻȪ֮أÿһеʽأҪҵѶȲС
ĪȪҶ߶仰еɫأ˵ǼٻȪڤȪΣϣǲҪͬʮһʧ
ʱҶΪ˾ȸ˴ڤʮ֮УõҲõӰصʯͷ
ʯͷĿ飬ÿһӦöӡһλ֣ӰҲԼлĻһҪҵĿʯͷųб֮ˣԳΪԼԿһ
ֻǣʱţҶʼûлʣİ˵ȻȻڱʯͷеλ֣Ҳһ˿棬ܷõ˵ûʲô̫ˡ
Ѿսĸ֣ߵĺֵܣʦʦ㣬Ҳǿ֮ˣﻹҪ
̾˿ҶԼ˼ӹȥ׷֮˳ǰŵλ
˸ɴĴӦʮʯУǶһСɽɽ֮УӦڶʲôˣ²ĻӦûң
ȻҶһ˿ЦĻ죡
£֮⴫һƴ
֮ȻѾ˹ȴһ˿βסϣþλӦеƣƾһͿαװĳġ
ɣ
Զ򿪣һһµ˽ǸСɽɽ֮е
վҶǰȻþλҶ˫ƽƺģǵ۾ȴǴĵ׷һֲڣ벻ܲ˵ֱӹڵء
ָоһ
ҶѾǾܵĸ߹ˣֱ˿վʶԼǿҶ
ʲô£
ҶƽӶʱ֮лع˫һȭʽ̬ٴ˵һ飺ƴݼǰ
ְݼ͸ղڷ֮İݼ˼Ǿʮǧ
ղţƴȻһ˿ϣ֮ͬļһڣѾȫĽԼ֮ϡ
ҲʵͱҶҪĶ࣬нȥǿΪʵǾֵݵΨһ׼
ҶٴѯʣƴѾŵǰ£һǵŵǰǰе̲ܽϣǰ𷣡
ⷬѿƴʮֻ˵£Ѿʮʯ£ȻԵҶ⡣
Ҷ֪ƴ˼˿Ҳòͷʱˣ˵ĵڶ°ɣ
ڶ£ǰң
Ƶѣⲻǳμ棬Ұ㣬ѵеͻ𣿡Ҷ̬ƽϲŭ˸Щʲô
ƴһҧȷͻΪʱ޶࣬ԲŲòһԡ
Ҷû˵ƴҲޱȻ˵Ҷʹȴţ
Ϊû˵ʹҪ䵽䵱֮
ʹĸǸ߸ϣʵȺǰκĴͷҲùĽ乩һҪ
ԣţҶʹ
ҶҲй²⣬ֻ²̫ˣԼԸš
ǰʩԮ֣һΣôٹ£ʹٽʱÿɶһʹĻᣬԸ⽫͸ǰ
˵仰֮ƴιעҶ顣
ȡҶҲڴ̽ҶʹĻȻӦǵĻȻĶ
ʹʹߣеǶĹǽκʿ˵һĻԵΪԽߣõĸҲԽ
ȻҶȴǹž޲ֻǵʵ㻹û˵׺Ҫҳ


1981 ķӡ
ƴап࣬ΪҶֵʵ̫򶨣ֺ̬ȻҲ޴ƲҶڵǺ̬ȡ
ȴ֪Ҷʹȷ˺֮ġ
ʹڵ죬Ҫ߳һ󾳽磬ôΪǰĵ˵ȷʵ󲻵ĺô
ǣʹΪʲôҪôĵȥأ
⾿ʹԷģּ⣿
ҶӡУӴ޵ļλ񣬲ħ񣬳λ֮⣬Զ飬ɱ֮ˡ
ǵУ֮£ΪϣȥΪЩϽΪ£ʵڲܹĳġ
ˣҲȻ䲻ɸ˵Ŀģ
ҶģĿġ
ʱƴҲڼ֮˵Լ֮£ǰڰ֮ǰɱһˣº֪ȻڵŵӣڼΪ̣Ӵ֪£ôȻŹԣҪǰ
ھĵУҶѾ֪ˣţռڳǣʵϣǶҪơ
ڣΪ춫֮еͷ֮һ䲻ܴκһ˵ܿ˵ġ
ѹƴŶҴǶСɽ֮УڼʶҶ֮۰Ͱ͵ĸҪҶ
ΪҪɱ
ƴԥ
ҶĵȻ˵ƵѾذɣ
ƴæֵ㣬㣬Ѭģ˶Էеһ˴ģȻɹɱȴʼδʹùһΣǰԸ⣬ھͿɽǰ
˵䣬ƴѾӻͳһȻһ˺ɫĳì
˳ìɫì֮ϣ˸һĹʣ˿ȥȻеĸо
֮⣬ìûа֮
ֻǴ˿̳ì֮ϣҶɨ֮£ܹٸͬķӡӦǲ֮ǰոմȥġ
ЩӡȻƴɼĺµ˼£ȻΪ˳ìŲϧڵɱĵõ֮ȴʹãϲӡ»ᱻڷ֡
ҶѾӵ̫࣬ѰȻῴۣ˳ìȻֹȷЩʧ񣬵ǳ֮⣬κ֮
Ҷ׼ƴ˳ìʱ򣬺Ȼʼձֳ˯״̬Ĺ䶦Ȼһ˿΢𶯡
ԴҶ磬䶦ͻȻɳ֮󣬾ûҶյصĹ̵УҲһͬһ
Ȼ죬ٴη𶯣ƺΪǰ˳ì
ҶҲ֮һɢһεɨ˳ì
һΣҶĸϸȻ˲Ծ
˳ì֮ϼ˶ٷӡ
ܹһپʮŸӡ
ƴĻشȴ޵ĳ嶯ò׵ĳìȴʹãƴļϷӡĵ֮УĪʹ࣡
һپʮţҶоһΪзٸӡ
ǸӡϿȥӡûʲôͬҶ֮ǿ󣬱亱УټΪߣ飬ˣϸȥܲӡڲͬ
򵥵˵ӡԼһܹԼĲͬȻӡ֮Уһ˸޷
ȻҶĺ棬һУ˳ìʱ䵽С
һĻƴһ˿ʹ֮ɫȴҲһĽѡ
ƺֻҪû˳ìͲջĵ֮ˡ
ìУ䶦ٴηһ𶯣Ҷȷ˳ì֮
ƴ棬׼ϸ鿴һ֮£ҿ԰㣬ֻܱ֤ڳǵʱǰԸһΪȥ֮գ
ƴһҶϰԼʱл˾⣬æǰʵٹ죬ھͻڳȡʯʱֻҪǰ߼ɡ
ҶЦ֪ܲƴʲô̡
飬ҪĳףΨһİ취ȥڣȻĻɱǰڳǵˣֻˡ
ҲƴĿģ
ֻҪҶɱһˣǸ˳ìҲҶ֣֮ʱ򣬾Ͳƴ֮ìܣںҶ֮ˡ
ҶҲ㣬ì򵥣ڣ˵˵ʹô£


1982 ɺ
ҶҪΪ򵥣ȴƴٴһ
ѵǻȪ֮ˣȻĻôʹ֪Ͼ˻Ȫ֮⣬κʹ
ȪǾÿʿĿ־壬Լ϶ҶڻȪƴҲûеӸѯֻʵʵĽͣνʹ
ʹÿһʱ䣬̶ã֮ǰ֪ͨڵÿǼ廹ɣѡӦǰĳص㣬
ͬǸǿͬţֻһдʸ񣬶ڣܹ嵽ʮ˵ʸ
ʹĴżҲᴫһЩ񼼣֮⣬˵ģһЩӣܹұʹУӶֱӴߣ
һĳ֮˱ʹߣڱ֮ϵĻԵԭǸҲĪĺôֱӵľƽƣӽ󣬾͵ֱܵʹӻ
ȷ˱ʹߣôƴɱ˵鱩¶ʹӣҲҶô
Ϊ֮ˣмĿܳΪµʹ
֮ܶʹˣһĪĻԵܹǰÿ˶Ըġ
ƴ֮ýʸ͸ҶȷʵҪҶıӻ֮⣬ΪʹĴҪ˲١
ǰʹһε֮󣬻϶Ҫٸꡢʮ֮ŻٴνǣԴĺƽٹʹĴƵʣԶˣһһΡ
ƽ٣ǳ֮İ˴磬ظİԴ屻۹ͻȻֻ٣ͬʱ۹Ҳͬںƽ֮
죬죬죬ÿһ綼δܱ⣬ֻ֪˲ࡣ
Ϊƴ֪ʹӣԸĻᣬΪ಻һ꣬ʹ϶ҪٴνʱԼʸ
йʹǵ֪ʹֱӽӴߵ֮Ҷƽɫ֮£ȴǷЦ
ڣҶҪȥľǵ죬ϽսҵԼֵѡ
ǣΪƣ޷ǰȻʹĽȴǽܻһᣬѾƣֱǰ죡
֪ˣ
ǰªǰĻᵽоסɣǰģһΪ֮أǰС
ȻҶӦ֣ƴϷģϾҶʵҪߵĻԼסǾһпܣҪҶԼߣųǰš
ҶЦЦĿһƴ˵ͷã
ƴһʱϲæԴҶ뿪˿ջţ
ò˵ƴܻ£ȻûоκεӣȻϢҶԼԭȱչ֮
ǰɻ⣿
ʵҶڻûκεҪԼ򵥵һɨܱͷԣ
ǰˣǰʲôԸֻҪһ̾ͻǰ
ƴһ˵һȥҪ뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼͣ£ʵûǰմ
Ȫ
ȻҶұģΪΪ˶ԸȪԾԴݻٻȪ֮ɣȡ֡
Ȼƴ֮徹Ȼ̲סĲһ£ʹŵϸ¶˲Ұ֮ɫ
ԭǴޣǰǣǣ
˵֮ƴٶȣһ˳ȥֱٴλصǸСɽ֮У΢͹
ɫɲ԰ޱȣĵմޣŻȪ֮Уʮ˧ܡĴй٣ľʮ˧֮ף룬˵ϹеĹĪĹϵپĴй֮ףй٣
ȪĪǾйٵĺˣĻԸڣΪԼ˸ѣ
ڹȻǿ󣬵ǺͻȪƨ㡭
ƴ¶˿Ц֮ɫҡҡͷѾһزҲ˲ˣŲҪΣҲҪסԼ
ƴ֪ⷬѾһֲ©ȫҶĶ䡣
ǰҶԼʱƴķӦûҶһ˿ʼƴϣЩ
ƴѾ۾ҶҲջϸֳһ˿Ц⻹ˣû뵽֣ȻͻȪеĴйͬգƴҲʲôöڻҪ


1983 
룬Ǹ֮Ҳӣӣ֮ҲĳֹϵҶ¶һ˿ζЦݣ˼ȪȻϹйϵ˿Ȫı󣬿Ҳڲٿأ
Ƭ֮ҶٴγǸ˺ɫĳìסԼУʱ׵ĽƴµһپʮŸӡ˲ɢ
ȻʱֵˣǱһӡȻҲӡıƽʧˡ
Ҷûӡʱ򣬾ܸ֪ӡӡʧ֮󣬾ȻӡҲʧ
ҵҪ㵽׶ʲôط
ҶɵĴֱ֮Ӵ򿪣â۳һ̫ͼ˳ìȫ֡
ʱĿһɫĹâһ㣬һš
Ȼ֮۶޷ӡ
Ҷϵıȴ¶֮ɫΪȻղǵڹֻһţȴǵڹ֮УȻšһֻССĹޣ
ֻޣͷ¹ǡ֮ۡϻۣ
⣬һͷ밡
Ҷڴ͵³仰
룬ͬΪʥޣҵλʥȫƽȣһ𣬱Ϊʥ飡
˳ì֮УҶȻһͷ룡
ʥ֮Уľ׻ȸˮĪǣ˳ìϵʥ
ҶȻһŹâ
ѾȺõ˽ϵʥ긫ˮϵʥ䶦ϵʥ۾ľϵʥ֦
صʥֻϵʥͻϵʥ˳ìȻпϵʥܲ˷ܣ
ҲһҪ취ͷҲͬһʵĴڣҲпֻͬʥγɵ飡ô˵ʮ㣬֪Լ֣£һǵһĴڵˣ
ȷҶӵаɵĴۣ֮ǾҲֻǿ뻯ĺڹһţҲľλã˵ˡ
ֻͷԾʮָߣҪɲһ׵顣
Ҷ΢һ֮Ȼ⡣
סì֮УȻӿ˵ϵ֮ԴԴϵӿ˳ì֮УͬʱҶʹ֮ҲεĶųì
ȻôϤϵ֮½䱸
ֻϧʱȻû˿
ԣˣǾޣΪ޵ʱԻݻ֮ճɹ
뵽Ҷӿϵ֮˲仯Ϊ˻ϵ֮
ǰʱȥҶ׼ʱͻȻоԼ볤ìеĻϵ֮ȻԻٶʧ˵ĳֶɻϵ֮֮⣬룡
Ҷ۾һɫļӴ˻ϵ֮Ĺ䡣
ģУǵڹٴγ֣ȻܹйȻһͷ룬Ҷȴ֪Ǵðġ
˿̿ȥָֻͷСɰΪΪ裬Ȼڻϵ֮ǿҵɵȴһСĵɡ
ҶҲҶ¾ŵĻҪٴνճɾͼˣ
ǣһһ޿ʼȽģ
ͬʱҶҲڱԼĻϵ֮ԴԴϵ룬˿и
ڣʱ֮ƺѾȫ˾裬˻ϵ֮֮С
ʱҶжȻ棡
ì֮ʼӿĻϵ֮һ̣ٿȻһȫ
ռ䷨ͻ֮Ҷһͬʱַʩչ
𣡡
ͻȻһĻʱŭ룬췢һ𣬺ȻʨХɲ֮ҶĶжһ
ҿѾطȫȻĻһŭҪǴȥٷԲʮ֮ڵ˶
ͬʱһɾ޴ķ֮Ҳӳì֮ϴȻУȻҶӲѿ
Ҷڷ֮ĿѾӦ֣ȻĿܻߡ
ȻһֻǿʼҶȥץìì֮ϾȻɢ˾ҵĺɫâ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ڹѾﵽһҶ޷ֱӵĳ̶ȣں֮УȻĸֳһͷ룡
ճʱͷȻָֻͷСȴԼٶѸţֻǣ֮⣬ַ֮γɵȻڡ
Ҷйâһͺһ磡
Ϣ֮УרҶȻֶҶһǸ˳ìͷڱ룬ֱԾԼ֮С
ʱ˿̣ͷѾߴʮɣվͬһСɽһϡ
𣡡
һ˶Դһײһɿֲ硣
ַ֮γɵȻ޷ֵһײ̼֮ɢ
룬ٴαǵɴСȻȻſѪڣҶݺݵҧȥ


1984 
ͷѾ󵽰ɵ룬ȻҶüƽճ࣬˵⣬ƺ뽫Ҷɡ
Ҷר磬񣬶ңҲܿĳͷʵƺûȫѣԣ㲻֮ԼһԽ˳ס
䣡
Ѫ͸ŵƥһ㣬ϯȥ̼㽫ǰȫĲҵ˻֮͹ӰҲֱۣͣ˺ÿһ֡
ЩӰҶѪӵĶˣЩˣҶһδɱЧѪȫѪ֮УһѪӵҲǳʹ֮УǸǵĳͷ
ھѪסͬʱҶԼҲȻ֣˫֮ӿƣβ޾۳һ޴

ҶѪıĵƣѪƣȻҲǴࡣ
ĳȽ޾ִޱȣھѪ֮⣬ٴβ
𣡡
ȻޱȣȻԾ˻
Ҷٴ֣֮϶Ȼһֻƣǵһ㣬ֱ£ֱץסԴȻһ
䣡
·εɫǷ˱ըһ㣬˲ˣӴ壬ҲӲıҶѹ˺С
Ҫɱ룬Ҷеǹս׼ɱ룬ҪշӶĳìǲϵʥ
һȻҪЩ򣬲֮УֵҲõĻᱻ˷֡
Ѿȫıѹ˺ˮ֮УԾɲʵ岻ϵз˻
ͻȻ֮䣬Ҷоһ澹ȻʼΪˮӣǺˮ֮£صĵڲϰθߡ
ϵʥޣҶ¶һ˿ЦݣȻڵʵУٿ֮ԼԼæһ󣬵磡
磬Ҷٳĵ磬統УȻҲУһжȫƾҶͷģ
¡¡
ˮ֮ǲĴضȻʧ˲Ϣ֮ͻ˺ˮ֮ڣʱһٴڣ
£ҿϵ
𣡡
Ҷ£ٴηһŭһڹⶸȻӺһ㣬Ҷüȥ
֮꣡
Ҷ۾һȻ֮꣬Ǿ˵ͷ룬񻢻飬룡
Լüĵ֮꣬ҶȴǺģΪԼ꣬Լһʵǿ
ˣ
Ҷü֮УǴɫεӡǶȻţһ֮Ȼ
֮꣬˲ͣ˿Уûһͷģ˿̣¶η֮ɫ
Ҷüĵӡǣǿ֮ʥϵ޵еĴڣ
Ϊʥ飬֮ܵȻȻľӿһηͳ
ţ֮ҲֹͣҶһջʼհԴĴ֡
Ϳˮĸ֮ɰžѪӺ͵˶Դ֮ϣû˷ŭ֮ɫеģֻηͳ
ȻͷѾҶ˵Ҷ̲ص֮ס
ֱ֪Ӷ֮ˣ
ҶЦԷǵĿͷ룬ȻԷѾȴԾе㲻ĵҪǩѪģ㲻κ˺
ԹԵĵ˵ͷԼü֮һѪƮҶǰ
ǩѪ֮ҶѪӺ͵ʱ˿̣ͷѾȫС
ѾСΪСͬһͷʨһԹԷԼߵ룬Ҷ¶ɫ
ȻҶľǷǳ˿ɱȣ⻹һշһͷʥޣ
ңʥ֮һʥޣ
񻢻飬Ҳ񱻷ӡ״̬䣡
ֻǣҶܾãͷʵӦòֹڸղֳ
Ͼʥ֮һʥ޲棬˵ǳʥ֮⣬ΪǿĴڣû֮壬ûıҲʵе
ĶԱȣ䣬Ȼڱӡ״̬ǿҶȴио
ʵ˺ܶ࣡
ҶҲ֪ԼĽҲǲ£ǽһͷ룬Ҳڻôɰɣ
ʱȻſͣӿ³һССƯҶǰ
Ҷ΢΢һֽץסһɨȻ⡣


1985 ս
֮УȻһλ֪ʿµһλ
λʿһˡ
Լ飬֮вûἰֻ˵ˣΪԸѱӡĴ󲿷
ӡȫͷųĻô֮ս
֮⣬ӡĽⷨ
Ҷе󣬴ʱѾõ˽ѹԼоʵ̫ԭڱӡ
ͨѪҶֱӿڣȻ֮ϣӡ
ӡҶ۾Ȼٴһ
Ϊӡǳ򵥣ֵƣңҶδĵƣҶȴǴϸеһϤ
֮
ҶԺ֮иֳҶλ͸Լ֮
֮ϵƷӡ͸¶ϢȻ̲֮صĵƣһͬϢ
ɣ
򵥵˵ֵƣڵʱ䣬Ѿ൱ԶԶѾûκܹϳҲ
λʿѵҶеǸһĪҲһλߣ
Ҷ磬ҶʼŻ֮ȥĺ棬֪Լպ϶ҪٴǰֻҪȵԼʵǿԺ
еӡҶ볢Ž⿪ǳ֮󣬾ʱ
Ϊӡȫ֮սôһӡĽ⿪ҲʵһֲֿľأпܽԼɡ
ϾѪܵģֻʵԼ֮ˣһʵԼǿģѪʧȥá
ģһ죬һὫӡȫ⿪ָʵ
ҶԴе飺λʿӦѾˣ֮ǰӡǸ˺ɫì֮УԵ˷֣Ǹ˳ìӦòϵʥˡ
ҶվǸ˳ìɣ
Ҷͬʱ֮뿪뾹Ȼٴλһڹ⣬ֱӳǸ˺ɫì
ʱ˿̣ڳìβȻһӡǣ
ҶסìٴνԼ롣
һڹȻ֣˳ìȫ֣â֮УìȻͬһ㣬Ѹ۵һ
ͬʱһɻϢͷŶԭɫĳìȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬һɫĶƣ
֮ϣڹݷ޾һ㣬ӿ۳һͷӴӰȻڲϵǴҶòץƣһٴλص֮С
磬ӰͺɫƣԷٶȱǣ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ˰ɴС
֮Ӷ֮ӿһҶоΪѹֵĿֲѹ˲硣
ϵʥ⣬⾹Ȼϵʥܣ
Ҷ͵ĿѾͬһɽһΡǰĺɫƣϴȫдϵγɵѹд𺳡
֮УΪ̣ΪǴ֮һУˣϵ֮ϵʥγɵĶƣϷǿʥɱȣ
дܣҶڶˣ
ң⻹Ǳӡ֮ܵļ̶̳ȣȻʵϢϢأĽӡȫ⿪ҶţҲѹܵķ֮
Ҷʵû뵽Լ죬ĵһͷȻԼõܣ
λˣƴǱȻ֪Ǹ˺ɫì֮صܣΪ֪Ļ˲ƴҲηڣǵʵٳܣھܹɱǣ
ǰܹ룬ҽ併
ˣҶõܣȻȷĳɷУԭ򣬻ʵ
𣡡
Ӱһ˻˲ʵվҶߣٴθֳ˾Υʥ޵ĸ߰
ʵЩΪʥޣҲ൱ıֻնһ˳ì֮УɶûУҶճӳìͷŶüĻᡣ
⣬ҲԸٻصì֮УղŲΪҶչʾܵչʾϣҶߡ
ҶЦãһͷʥĴߣΪʵ̫ҡˣ¾񶼲øοԼˡ
ں뾭൱ʱĹ֮ͨΪԸͬıӣҲܾҶΪǻ߹飬ǻһͷݵʨӡ
ҶԼ°ͣε̾˿ðɣʨӾʨӰɣһͷʨӵҲ


1986 ټ
ܱСҶ΢һ䶦֦ͻȻͬʱ֡
ʥһʱ򣬱˴˼侹Ȼȫ𶯣ǸӦ˶ԷĴһ
ոſڵϵ룬ҲٿȻ̧ͷ𾪵עǰĹ䶦֦սĿͶ˹䶦ϡ
ͬǰ䶦ڸܵʱĲһʱ˿̣Ҳͬܵ˹䶦УһԼʮϤϢ̲סſڷһ
ֻϧȴǲûдκλӦֻǹ䶦һ£ǻӦ
ˣҲĪĺ棬վŹ䶦ϵߣʱʱĻӣڹ䶦ȥ
Ƭ̧֮ͷҶƺҶ䶦еų
ҶЦŵķӡҳԹܶΣ޷⿪ǵѪֿµģ
䶦ѪʥҲѪ۶ģʼձѪ֮У֮ãҶǵһ֮ˡ
ֻµķӡȴҶԽ⿪ġ
Ȼе㲻ȴҲûа취ֻܼŹ䶦תȦ
ľٶҶȻüͷʥ飬Ŀǰ˰׻֮⣬ʥ鶼Ѿ֣ڣȸڣ⣬ң룬̬ȸֻʣ»ǡ
ǣ֮˵Ϊʲô㣬˵Уͨ嶼ܻûΪΣʥ޵ʵӦҲɣ
ʱֹͣȦתͷҶںȻзӡӡ˼ҶҲˣΪʵδȫţ޷˵
Σ¶ĺڵı֮ɫȻҲҶ˴𰸣ʥܷ񻯳ΣһԿ϶Ƕۣ࣬ԲữΡ
ðɣҶЦŵĵͷʥ飬ںδ伣˲֪꣬ΪλҶֵĶ̶ʮ䣬̳֣Уλӣ˰֮⣬Ҳ䣬ʥĴҲܣĪǣʲôԤײɣ
Ŀܣ޷Ǿ·֣ѵĹ֮ϵıڻֻмʥ֮пߵ·ľͷ翵ɽ𣿡
ǣĻǰ·ĿΪʲôûг֣˵ʵҲˣȴΪ֪
һ⣬޷شˣԲҶԹԵſ
·ҶȤʵΪģϣܹҵʦħ䣬ңԴ֪ԼϵѪĿ֮ҲѾףԼ֪ʦĳطһĿѪ׫ġ
ҲܷϣҲʦľ·ϡ
ټ٣ʵʵһĴ𰸣ֻеȵ̤·֮󣬿²ҵ
̾˿ҶջԼ˼Ҳʥȫջڣʼ
ȥҶչصķ֮⣬ƴӰ˿ϴһ˿ֺ̿ͽţΪ죬ǰȡʯӡ
ΪڵĴۣÿҪһʯʱڻǰϽ֮ڸ֮УȻҲƴĵʱ̡
ҶȻҶܿǻȪˣƴѾߵһӲͷƤȥ֮⣬û˻ͷ·
ǰ
ƴĿڽе
𣡡
ͻȻһʨȻӷ֮дŶʱ򿪣һͷͨɫʨӴȻⲽ˳
ͷʨӣƴͫȻΪܸܵͷʨɢһɿֲϢʨ۾֮УǷŲмͱӵ顣
ŵŵţ
ƴɼǿվ壬ϲ˾֮ɫĶͷʨӡ
ȻԸϣͷʨӵʱƴһĪľηɣֻҪʨԸ⣬Ϳ׵ĽԼʳȥ
࣬Ϊ֮飬һָ߸ϵԽУοΪˣˣָоĳ֣ƴ˵ȫ޷ġ
ͷʨӸûнƴ۾ɨһۣԹſ˵ϣʱҶҲѾ˳
ޣǰ
ƴиӵľη֮ǰûҶ߿ͷʨӣȻҶڣŽų
ƴ֪ͷʨӣʵϾǲǸõ˰꣬ȴʹõĳì֮еĻԻһͷײġ
Ҷƽޱȣ˿ϲŭƴͷ𣿡
ƴͷʱͻȻһԴűŰڳǵϿը죺ƴ׿ң


1987 
֮ǰҶʵѾע⵽ˣڳǵϿճһ۵òĴ󺺣Դŷŭ֮ɫ
ƴɫ֮󣬶ʱòҰޱȣӶеӣ˼èĿҶ
Ҷɨһ۵֪գαص
˵֮󣬲ֶһе߰ɣ
ȻûʨӣǶҶҪһ£ǿҵĲҶɢϵĿ֮£ֻεߵҶߣſӣҶԼıϡ
ʥ뵱ΪȻǿǰ󣬵ҲʵҶ֮жƮƮȻĸо
һԴЩŭĺУȻεض𣬻һڹ⣬ֱԾʡ
һŭȴڳǶŵеӣһ֮£ͷĿѣд֮ʮ˲仯촷ۡ
ǳȥҶƴϵı龫ʵ˼£ĽҲо壬һ˿˿Ľҡ
̾һæҶҲա
Ҷƴ̳ͬʱڳڻӰҲǼһһУ˾׿޼Ҽ
գ֮䣬һѾȫڴ󺺵ǰ˴֮ҲڻеĿȴҶµϡ
ղһǿɶ֮ǰڷһУ׿Ҳ֪ҶҲ˵ϧһ񣬸֪ҶȻƴޡ
λ󺺣е룬ĿֻҶɨһ£Ķס롣
Ȼֻʨ״ģʥеĸ߰Լʵȴκڵģվƣ˿ڴ󺺡
󺺵¶һ˿̰һָҶ㣬ȥӽ쿪ʼͷ͹ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦȻľʹվһԣһ˵̬
뾹ȻҲԹԵߵ˴󺺵ߣһֻǣ۵ףȴһڹ⡣
һĻ׿жеʧԭΪҶ϶һЩû뵽ȻҲǸӣˣ˹ԹԵľͽ
ֻƴаˬ֪λҪùˣҪù
ԼϽ̰ͼҶžͲ㱻˵ͷԱҪöˡ
˸Լζˡ
ƴͲҶ֮ìԽԽãֻܹþܶİȫ
ڴȴǶҶľٶû˿֮ϾΪڵӵݣڣҲûж˸ҲӣԼҶԷҪǿԷ
ҲûԼ£۹ٴɨվԼߵʨһۺ󣬱ٴΰĿƴ˵֮ǰһŵͻȻ֪ټڳǸ룬Ӧܹһ˵ɣ
׿¶ãȻȻ֪ô£ƴɫȴͬޱ򶨣ͬʱҡҡͷ
üͷ΢壬һ˿ɱôҳϲɣãǵ꣬ҿ֪
ò˵ڵΪǼΪԵΪһŵӵû˿֤ݵ£Ҫƴ˽ꡣ
Ҫ֪һ˵֮пǲ˵ܣñ˹ۿ
οʩչѻ꣬üΪܵΪĵ䣬Ա˵ƴɣ׿Ҳ϶ͬ⡣
ͬʱƴѾڰдˣ޼ӣǴҪڳǣȻ֪ԭ򣬵ѵǸľִвɣ
ƴȷթȽҶߣ뽫޼ҺԼ˩һ
׿޹ȫ֪飬֪ƴĻ죬Ȼͬ⣬Ȼʱ¶֮ɫϣҲꣿãҾ͵ɱǸŵӣգҾ͵ƽڳǣΪڵӱ𣡡
Ŵ󺺻£гһذףһɺһذӿᳯһ
ʱ֮ϺȻ˺ѿһ޴ķ϶¶кڰգذ׼ǰϢƴ˵ƺѿ
ޡ
ƴҶУʵ˵ʵȻ󺺣Ҳһսֻ֮ǣƴɲϣԼ˽ɱΪһĻľҲ·ˡ
Ҷƴĵɱɣ
𣡡
ʼվڴԵ룬Ȼ췢һ춯صŭ


1988 ɷ
֮
ĺɫ˴ɢ۳һɿ񱩵ĺɫ籩̺ǿϵ֮ɷ籩ͬ˹һ㣬ϯȥ
Ҷ֮⣬˵ɫ˲䶼ĲҰޱȣ󺺣ϮԼķ籩¶˾֮ɫذҲĸı˷ӭŷ籩񿳶ȥ
ˣ
һ޴Ļιâŷ籩ȥȻû˿ֵ֮ͱ籩׵ĺ飬ƬŴ󺺵ȥ
ɫһٱ䣬Ҳһˣǹϵ֮ķ籩ĸǡ
Ԫ
ŴһſȻ³һŻӭŭչޱ޼һ㣬ɲǼգ͸һɰķ籩ϵŻ
Ҷʼƽվһԣû˿ĲûгֵĴ㣬ΪҪͷ뵽ӵжǿʵ
ңŻʵ壬ֻ֮ӰӦڵĳرһĶڵӷ֮ã
ȻҲû뵽󺺣Ȼֶеŭɱ֮ǡ
𣡡
һŭµĴأȻ˾ҵĶһɹɺɫӴ֮ͷŶգգʡ

Ҷüë΢΢Ȼ֪ϵʥޣû뵽ȻܹͬԼһӴ֮ٻ
ңɵŨȣԶԶԼ
Ȼ˲֮Ҷüͷȴٴšԣⲻǵɺ֮ԴһŨġɷѪеָо
ɷ
ʱ׿ĿУȻ˾֮Ȼϳɺ
ɷʲô
ƴ𾪵ʵ
ɷǵ֮ɷسÿһ֮󣬾ͬǾ仰˵鳾ڴأԽԽ࣬ͻڴ֮۳һɷ
ǰɷ൱֮
Ҳꣿ
ֻ֪һϿƵļء
˵⣬ģҶȴ΢΢һ
飬أ֮ͬһȻ飬Ϊβлꣿ
Ҳأ޴ڵĴ꣡
ˣ
ĵɷѾۼһĳ̶ȣҵĲ֮£ЩɷȻ۵һγһ˺ɫĳì
ɣִʮɣֻпٵصľˣһס
ì֮ϣɢ˲ɣ֮⣬ſֲɱ⣬ʱڳǣԲʮ֮ڣѹ֮£ڵأһҶ
һ̣ƴȴ¶֮ɫΪ˺ɫĳìʵ̫Ϥ
ƴˣͷʨӣȻǸ˳ì֮У
һֿɬӶ֪ì֮в׺һͷŭʨԼȻὫìӡ
ͷʨԼҲηڣڵκ
뵽ƴﶸȻһɱҶôìʨӣ¹ԼС
ʱʼĬĬעʹսҶȴǺȻתͷƴ
һۣ
һ֮ҶջĿ⣬ƴеǵȴ̼߽⣬˲ʪ͸
ٸʮӣҲ򲻸ҶҶ֣
ɵɷ۶ɵĺɫìȻìϣһϵɢֱӴ˿еŻ

һìӰͬͱƳһ޴Ŀһ㣬ֱӹᴩŻ
䡱һŻȻը³һѪҪˣǸ˺ɫìȴȻתì⣬Ķ׼
ǿֲϢʱͣ£ٶ
ѵҪɱ֪ģɱңôڲǣʱˣͬǵļ壬ǵˣһҲӣȫ
󺺵Ȼ¶˿־壬ԾɫķĺС
£
Ҷ³֣ܵĿռ̼Ľֱ˿̣Ҳ֪ԭԹˣʵͷʨӣҪֲ
㣬˭
Ȫ
ҶıԼļٴηһĺУɫìըɷɢ䣬ٴι·Ĵ֮С
һĻҶ¶˼֮ɫ
ޣǰ
ƴǴʮСĵҶĶ
ҶعĿһ۵ɱɱ
ƴ˶һۣش𣬵ͻȻǸ󺺷һŭХΪұ𣡡
󺺵弱ҶκηӦʱ䣬䡱һȻԱ
ͬʱ֮ڵһ֮Уһ̬ӵߣ˫Ŀ΢ա
ͻȻһССȻըٿȻ̧ͷѾըΪ촷۵һ˿ɫҵҪǺηˣȻܹƵ˲ϧԱ꣡


1989 ѻ
󺺱ͨԱٸɱҶԼƴ˺ɱǡ
ǣȻ͹ҶʵԱ˲䣬Ҷеȫ˿ռ䷨֮ϣӲĽ֮չ˼£ڴ󺺵ܣռŨһͬС͵ĶһĴڡ
ˣԱռյˡ
Ȼܹܿռ֮ѾֳһܼƣȴȻûг飬ȻҲ˼ˡ
ڴ󺺴ӳֵԱ̲ᳬ֧ʱ䡣
ƴȫվһԣղҶչֳǿʵѾȫǵ
ͬʱ˵ҶǿҲǸе˿־塣
ȻɱھԲܽʱһ׷ԼûһѸϵԣѾͬƴϣһ֮ϡ
ҪҶҲϣ
Ҷɨһۺһ̤ıϣڷһ˻֮Ƶ֫·ȥ
һҪڳǴһʱ䣬ʱһҾͻȥ
Ҷңңƴ˶ʱΪ֮һ𣬱˴˶һۺϾ¶˿Ц֮ɫ
׿ɫȴٿȻĿƴ֣£ô£
ƴȻֻҡͷװɵһ֮Ȼ׿Ȼ޷ţˣȥ׷ԭ򣬵취Ӧ飬˸Իתš
˶ԻصŵʱѾ֮еҶͻȻоһǿͬǵһ㣬ڳںХ̬ȼΪᣡ
룬Ҷܲ³϶ڵˣ
Ȼ壬ҶȻȥͶԷ濹⣬ԼϢȫɨ
ԭҶΪųˣֻҪҲԼôܿͻȥ
Ȼӹ֮һҺ֮ͻȻڳлƴ
Ҷ΢΢һԼǵ֮£ҲڳǸǶȥ
һҶжȻðɱΪʱ˿̣ڳڵˣʿǷˣ˿̶˫Դڵϲϵĳ鴤壬ϳʹ֮ɫ
˵ǹǿǵ꣡
ǿʩչѻ֮ڱʩߣ˺ʿ΢õ㣬Ƿ˵ĻмĿֱ߱ɰ׳ա
ˣнڶֹǿ֡
ˣȴǸð֮踣񹲷ߵ飬ңԷĿģֻΪҳɱڵ֮ˣ
ҶɱڵӲԣΪһˣϧ˺Ƶ£ѾҶܳܵĵߡ

Ҷ˲ȫ¶һԶȶԷǿڳǵϿճ֣Ҷһŭͬһļ⵶һ㣬ݺݵ˶Է֮С
һƺߴȻˣԼٶȥ˲뿪ڳǡ
ҶһƴߣĿҪ֪ڵϸ
ƴΪһ֮Ǹղͬδӿǹѻ꣬ҶʱԷߣȻĻ֪Լʲô³
˿Ҷʻ𽥻عȴɴž֮ɫæڵӳʮƷɵľ磬ǰֻžѾҪ뵤֮ˡ
ֱ˵֮ƴȻʶҶúõʳ⣬ȻԭĿܣǸղѻΪŭˣ
˵ĻҶܿܽԸڣĻԼľǳ׵ĴӰ֮нѳˡ
˿ϲƴȴǰ㶼¶ֻǴŹɫעڳ˼Ҷ
ȻڵʵڵȷΪǿ󣬵Ҷȴûаη壬ֻʮӡ
ÿ֮жк˻֣֮ҶȻɱϣǾԲɱɱģǸɱ֮ˡ
ղǸѻ֮ˣȷҶɱģ²Էпڵĳ֮
ɱ򵥣ǣɱ֮أ
ɱһųϻǵھǺԣȻӭЩǵıܲܽȫɱɣ
Ƭ֮Ҷа̾һ²Ҷ𣬵ȴҶøӵĶӣЩ˺ʿͽ֣֮͵͵Ľղ˻ɱҲ֤ݾˣ
ƴʵ̲סˣСʵǰ
ҶĿһ۵㻹׼ѵڵ𣡡


1990 
ʵҶƴ׿ˣѾ׼˽Եż֮еľһȻͳڳǡ
Ҷ仰ҲʱƴһݣΪҶҪԸڣƺҶַ㡣
ȻŲƴȴһҲҶ˵̻뿪ˡ
Ҷص˷Уٴα۾ȻеŭûɢҲ׼϶ڵ˷Ҫµķͷ΢֮˵
ˣֻǿѹŬȴźʵʱ
ͬʱڵ֮ڣ̬ӵȴоⱩǣü֮Ȼһ˿Ѫ
ղţǿǰڳǽѻ꣬ȷֻҶģû뵽ûи֪κθֵϢһŭ֮£͸ɴ˵꣬Ҫÿ˵ļ֮УҵܹƵԼڵӲϧԱ֡
ȻҶ֣ԸǿˣȴҲķҶ
ƴļ֮Уϸ䡣
Ȫҧгݵ߶֣ǺηʥȻڵӣô͵ǵĸɣ
ΪԱҪߣȻֱܹһˣԸ²ף硭
ʱ˿̣ǰȻֳ棬ÿһ֮У˵ӰһҶһǾģ
ߵ¶ɭЦݣüѪĳ֮£˿
ʱȥţ޼ңѾץʱ䣬̵ĽԼоڳǡ
ǾҪԼİΣˣ
׿ð죬ʱ뿪ƴȴưͳԻп˵ˣΪҶڣθԼ͵͵뿪
Ȼ׿׼뿪ŵʱ֮ǰǵǿȻȥȻڳǸǣϢ
һϢڳǴڿʼһ뿪ôȫǣ
ϢĴʱ׿¶֮ɫǸ뿪ȴϢסˡ
˵ڳڵЩ˺ʿǣ֪ʲô飬˿̸֮£ŵһҶֻǳ˿ֻźãȻ
Ψһе˵ģ¾ƴˣΪҶĴڣ˽뿪ںˣ˭Ҳ߲ˣҪҲǱһһ
Ҷֻɨһûκ̬ȡ
ţڶϢ֣һ档
֮УһòľϵˣһϢıڿУ֮ϼȫѪǣùϸǸһ۴ϸᴩ
䣡
⸱ֵɲǣһɴŭɱڳеĳ𣬻һ˫εĴֱ֣ӽǸ˺Ƭ
һͬըڿйȥҷŹһΣû뵽㲻֪ڸģ䱾죬ڽƽ٣
𣡡
֮һ쳹޺ֱӽǵޣ
ţһͷݵĺɫʨӣȻڿն𣬶ʨӵıϣֺ˪ɱڵҶ
ղϵǸ棬ǸģΪǸȻ̱ƹˣҶոʶõľģ
Ҷ֪ԼĴһֱСķűκ˷Լ;ʶϧĸڳǣȻû뵽ˣȻǿ˵꣬Ӷ֪Լ;ʶ
޷ԸԼ£˾ѡ˶Ըģ
ԾǲصʵܹʹӴڵĶ֣ڣֽչָҶҪвҶ¾
ҶֻԼ֮ǰûнǸֱɱĻȻܻڶڳǵֱӿսٲѾԶľܵңڳֻҪҶڣʹǰҲδܹơ
һ֮ʣȴòɵľ⵽˶ԴҶеķŭѾ˼¡
ʵҶΪĵ飬Ȼκκ壬Ǿܵı֮һλᡣ
ıϣҶȴðһ⣺ҼЩһλᣬһȴþʧȥ˻ᣬǶԣǴ
ǰҴһ·ܵıϾɱɱҲǸɱ֮ˣΪҵļˣҵѣѾжαǣҵǶԣǴ
ҼֵĶ𣿡
ΪĵȻҶһΣԼ֣ĵɣ


1991 
ڣ˵һɣֱһС͵Ĺһռﵽʮ֮ң
֮Уʮˣоﵽصĳˣﵽ۷ʮˣаֻ뵤ģˡ
Ӵʵռһϯ֮أǳΪ˶ǿͷ֮ס
λӦһڵɣУһλʹ
λʹΪϤѾﵽʹ֮УҲ֮ΪڳΪ춫λͷ˸ǡ
λõߣΪԶȻΪʹһĴˣټԼҲǰֻ˵ԣڵĵλ˿ʱĻҪЧ
ȨûʲôȤһϣгһܹһ¥Ҳʹ֮УԣԸ֮УС
ҹ֮УڴÿԼЩѾȥĵǣö֮Ȼһֵ
򵥵˵ạ̊́˵ȴ൱һŤ԰ӶÿһλŵӿļأȲκ˺ŵӣΪ͵ǲԶӣ
ʵԱĴ󺺣Զ֮䲢ûʲô̫ĹϵֻΪԶָӵĽеŤ״̬Լػ򣬾ȻԼըʱ˲Ȼŭ˽ѻ顣
û뵽ȴҶˣеŭգԱ䱾֮£ĸץ˹̱ƹʹҶһС
ϧıץĻ棬չָҶΪľҪԼӣչԼԼڵǿơ
ҶǿҲûеӸҺԣϾںԶı󣬿һλߴʹ
ֻϧҶһ޵йη֮⣬ûжκˣκйη壬ңԶץסĵѾҶۣԣҶضҪ澰ֻ
ҶһŭٴνԶɢʱԶڸеһ˿Σվ˾ĵǰѾһϢľģԥٴĵ꣡
ıץסѾˣʵԶͿԶѻ꣬ƫƫûôҪ̿ȥĥģԼʵʵ˵
ҲȷԵסҶĲпᾭӲһֶû˵
ԶȻоΣȻҲʧȥģԹѲ龰ĵꡣ
ĵ֮УҶļ䲢࣬Ҷȹ֮ʱľȻûм䣬ȴ¼
һĻȻԶټҶ߾ĵжȻһ
Ҷ
ֺԼ
Զ˼֮󣬶Ȼ𣬼֮ǰһλʹ콲ʱ򣬺֡
ƺҶǼλѰҵˣ
ЩԶȻһʶԼƺһõˡ
ѰҶԼȴˡ
飡
ԶһŽѾľĺݺݵߵһߣֱɱԴ⣬Ҷڣȴе㲻ˡ
æ֮УԶҵƷɣκĽȥϸ˵˳
ǸҶȪˣڸ
ƷɶЩ飬ͺ֪飬˿Զ˵֮Ҳû˿ӣΪⲻһС£΢ԶϣҶڵǰΪӱ𣬲ЩںĶԣõģĻɱ˾ǣ
ҵ˵ĻƾɵܲǶְҽ飬Ӧý˵Ϣ֪ͨʹ˿̿ʼڵӲһ뿪ɣͬʱɷǰæ˳ֶԸҶһԽ˻ῴҶʵܷʳҶʵֻҪǸҵˣǾͲˡ
ϣеСˣ˵ǸĽ飬Ҷǿܹɱɵˣô͵ǰɵãȥ
ƷɿԶеҶͲѰҵˣΪôǿҪҸˣܻҲ
ҲôҵˣǲҲҪ͵أ
ԼĻ϶ҸصĵطʵʵĴǣﻹҴĵȥԸɡ
οԼУǳʹģ


1992 Ѻ
Ϊܵ쾳ƣҶʱһɴطֻʵʵԼߡ
ٶҲǼ죬ȻȲ˲ƣȴҲ޶࣬ȣҶѾƴĿе֪ڵλãִֹƣʱ㹻
Ĺ̵УҶʼ˼ԼֵǶԣǴ
ǶԣΪԼÿΪһ棬ȴҪ˴֣֮ҵĵҪ֤ܹƽƽҵĵΥ
Ǵҵĵʲôѵһʼֱڣ֣ĵǴ𣿡
Ҷ֪ΪԼ֮ĻɣǱֱɵĵ֮ϣȴǳһ˿ײķ϶
ҪľǶԼļ֣֪ǴģҲҪֵȥԼĵǻϴͿʧˣ
ʱܿȥҶʼӵ֮УһӰ
һӵߣҲڵλ벽뵤ĸ֮һ£ΪӵƷɵǰҶ
ǲ˻ˮģеƿΨһİ취һԪͼҲܵͻƿӶ뵤죬ԣԴΪˡ
ƷɻԶȻܸκйҶ飬Ҳɵ
ڵʵȻڣҲλ벽ĸ֣һλʹʲôĵˣǶûĶԿҪԼ
ȿ˵̫ǿҾͷ뿪ǿͽɱ
֮¾ǰڵıؾ֮·ϣĵĵȴҶĵ
ҶһͬʱҲҶĳ֡
վ
µ˫һһȴд
֮£֮оȻ˾׹֮Ļ۳һ磬Ҷݺݵȥ
еسܹ׵֮
𣡡
ҶڣѾȷһŭ
۳һˣǵȥ
䡱һ˺ڿײ֮ضΪ֮΢΢һ
ȻµıȣȴҲòͣ˫ĿԲɣעŶԷ
ϵҶȴɫƽ£һԲ
µвֹȻԼȽΪ˾棬ûȫǾȻһͷʨӸ飬˵ͷʨӵʵʵ
Ϊζʨ֮˵Ϊ磬ֻһ֮
ѵ˵֮ηˣʵηͷʨӣ
ԣһ
пٵĶͷ˿ûлҶʵ磬ΪԼڵľ磬κ˶Լǰʵ
뷨ȻгһһͷʨӣȻõȷ۾ҲеʵԼĶ֡
Ҫ֪ޣûв׵ģԼžͨ׵ֱ֮޵Ŀǡ
οʱ˿̣¾ͬԱĴһ룬ҪշΪԼ
㣬ԲѵҪȥڵ鷳
˸֮ɫ俪ڵ
ĺ֮зƺ𣬶ҶɫĿµ㣬֮ˣûҪⳡˮÿ
󵨣
ŭ֣ŭЦСһϷĴûм֮޼ɣף죬ҾǶʩͣ㻹ʲô̡
ⷬ˵Ĺûʣ֪ˣΪǲԸԴС
ϧҶȴ飬Ծɫƽĵٸһλᣬÿ
ȻڸģҾͽѵѵ㣡
Ҳŭˣһץ֮оǸֳһϵ绷ƵҶֱ˹ȥ
ž֮ը죬ոշɳȥʱֻаƴСڷеĹ̵УȴܹѸؼ׵֮ԽԽˣҶǰʱȻѾɰߣһɻصϢһ㡣
𣡡
Ҷ֣ٴηһУ֮ϾȻһɫ۳һɫöƣԼҶε
¡¡
ײ˶֮ϣʱ춯صľ죬֮ϣݷʱĳ棬ɫߣ˷ȥ
õ˿ԿЩɳȥɫ֮ϣȴڴ
룬Ϊϵʥޣ˲֪ʱ䣬Ȼķʽ۳õ
Ȼ϶ҪҲܻġ
Ȼʩչսµ̰֮ɫŨһЦͷʨӣҪˣ


1993 Ԫͼ
ˣ
ʼƽҶڳˣ
֮϶ʱһֻ֣죬ֱ¶ͷץȥ
һץ£Լսͬʱɫ䣡
ǿƽƽ֮У·̲ؼй֮·Ǹ죬Ǵûƣе£ûпͶֻĿƴԼ׾ٵץ
һ̣ףԼĴ󣬾ȻΪҶ֮ûʲôʵ
ҶʵֹǿѾԼ󣬿ֻʹǻȪ˰ɣ
ǰ֪ˣ
ץסһ˲䣬ƴȫĺ仰
Ҹλᣡ
Ҷһ̣¾ͷԼѾһѪ֮УΧòӰӣֱۣԼץ˹
׾ٵĽ£Ҷ˿ڼߵļĵһ͸ֵˣڣ
ĿһоƷɺԶˣ˿̶ɫ԰ףƷɣͽԶ˸ѪͷΪһŵӣȻһǿɷǣ
ǹ˼ԶλʹƷɴཫԶҶãһ˰ˡ
ϧ뷨ֻѣҶƷɸӾʹ
ƷʮֺڣûԶǰĽ飬ӦýҶϢ֪ͨʹҲʱ䣬ʹܸϵڡ
ʲôѾˣƷɺԶɫ˼£ڣԶڵҽ飬ӦԪͼ󣡡
󣡡
Ʒɵüͷڵı֮ȻǸԪͼҲʹ͵α
ʹõȻΪˣսеķ񣬶αǽ
Ȼ񿴲αǶʿ˵һֻλɣܹӵһαɾȫһˣ
ֻǣһƵôԪͼܿҲܵǣٵ
һα𻵣޷ܵľ޴ʧƷе㲻Ը׶Ԫͼ
ȻƷɾ׵ʱԶȴǵȲˣһеԪͼ
ǣ
һ£ӣһ̣ȫϥ£ÿ˵ڣһʵĹâ
һĻƷɵһŭݺݵĵͬµԶıӰһۣȴҲֻε¡
ʱ˿̵ҶҲûжԶˣѾڸ
еģǼΪһĻ
ټڣӣֱڸطȻȫϥÿ˵ü֮ϣһʹ⻪˸һ
ʹ⻪ͬʱ˸Ȼڶһ֮⣬ͬɾһ㣬ҳһӴϢ
Ҷ֪ǲ꣬û˵һӵ궼ǳֳ֮ɫ
ʲô
飡
һͬѵͻȻ𣬾ͿϥĵüĴʹ⻪Ȼ˿
зɳһƴС֮⣬ռȥ
Ҷ˫ȻûɰɵĴۣ֮Ŀ֮£ӲǿЩ֮⡣
ǡ
һ֮⣬ȻһֽƬ
֮⣬˿У۳һŰɴСľ޻
ҶȻˣǸԱĴ󺺣ҲͷųһõĻǰŰɴСĻһ
αԪͼ
ûκܹ뵽ڻŻֳһݣֱÿĵӺϵ֮С
֮УܹǿǵУҷǿֵڼԪͼα
Σʱֻ̣Ҫһ£ЩӾͻԥĽصԪͼƬ۳Ԫͼ
ڵĵӣΪ࣬ģźţ
ĵӣδ׼뿪һΪȻǱеƬͼŵӣȻûƬͼȴһõԪͼؼʱŵӣȻʲôûˡ
ƴɱŵӣԱĴŵӣҶǰЩԪͼƬģеĺĵӡ
Ԫ
ԶһȣƷ֮еԪͼƬͬҲ˳뵽Ԫͼ֮С
䣡
һ죬һƬں϶Ϊһ۳һԪͼ
ͼ֣ɣ
Ͽնʱӿһɽӽ˲


1994 ǿһ
ڵϿգѾ֮ʮ֮ңȫԪͼգͷųǿϢ֮ƱãҶüͷ
ͼ֮ϣ˸޷оʲôҶ˫ۣҲֻǿܹһֺ嫵ǿա
ոͼ̾ͻʧǱһ㣬ټ
Ҷһλӽ˸ĺ޻֮Ǻħ֣Ȼ߶񣬵Ҷһ˽⡣
˿̣Ԫͼĸоͬһλվһ㣬߲ʣ᲻ɴݡ
һˣ˵ԿˣɿֲϢʧȥκεս⡣
Ҷ룬һߣһϵʥޣȻܱסصĿڡ
ʱ֮ڵˣͬҲ̧ͷעҶԶ
ղȻʶҶֶԸµľ֪Ҷʵǿ󣬵ԪͼȴĿǰ
Զŭ͵۳ɵľ˸ĵҪƽ٣˵
ԶƷɵüͷȴǰšһ˵ʵֱ˿̣ȻԸΪԶҶôһλֲĸ֡
ڵĵǣǲ֪׷ʲôϴһ˿ãȻΪʲôҪٻԪͼԸеʿ
ҶɨһԶϻ̧ȻһȭԪͼȥ
һƬ𺣷֮Уһֻ˶ޱȵȭͷݺݵųʮͼ֮ϡ
¡
촫΢΢һǻһһ㣬𣬽𺣺ȭͷȫ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʧҶȭͷ֮ϺȻһֹŹֵ
һоԼȭͷ·һԼ壬Ҫ뵽ͼ֮С

һһŽҶȭͷ֮ըʱϵ˿˿촷ۡ
ջȭͷҶȻԼȭͷ֮ϣղűЩƵĲֵطȻѾƤɼǣֵǣûһѪԼҲûио˿ʹ
Ҫ֪Ҷ֮ǿһ˵ǾȻЩϮ
ǰǸԱĴ󺺣һԪͼӦþԪͼҶзɿ˼š
ԪӦָľǽһйԪҲԭʼ״̬ԣҵȭͷŻ㱻Щֱڻ⣬ѾǵģӦ漰˷֮
Ϊ֤ԼĲ룬ҶϳһԪͼ
û˿Щ˲䣬̾ɢҲ˿˿˻С
ȷԪͼİڣԷ֮ӴһУʵ壬ãȫΪԭʼ״̬̬
ҶӣԶϵĵ֮ɫŨѾԶ϶ƾҶʵ޷ƿԪͼȻӵ޿
ҶûȥǣĶԪͼ˼ƽ֮
ʲô򣿲̺ʲôͼԲܹһйԪһа취ͻֹԪ֮
һԵ룬ͬҲҡͷԵĴͼղʵҲ͵͵˹һ޹Ҳûʲôð취
Ƭ֮Ҷ֮϶ȻһܵĻ棬ڴͨѨλ֮У˶һʮѨ֮ϡ
ͷϷǾ;ѪӴ£˫֮Уһ̫ͼɴСͬһ㣬ʼձŹ̶ƣ
һɰϢҶ֮ϣԾ˵ٶȲϰθߣ
Ԫͼı֮£ڵĵӣȴȻܹоϢ밢һ㣬ǵ壬ǵꡣ
ûԪͼµǿϢҶ֣ܽȫס
Ѫ֮ڣѨԽѪɵĴۣ֮
ҶһչֳԼȫʹ˿ͬһ㣬޷ֱӡ
Ҫʲô
Զϵĵ֮ɫΪʱҶչֳǿʵʧ¶һ˿ţ
ƷɵüͷҪšһʼԥҪҪΪԶһλǿĸ֣
𣡡
ҲȻһ쳹صŭƺڸҶźһ㣬ʱ֮ϣһɫĵɷڿնڿл۳һɴСĺɫì
ҶĴ㣬ҪԼǿ״̬Ԫͼǿһ
ҪͼܷԼǿһҲΪޣ


1995 һ
ƣ
Ҷһȣͬը죬ŭһһޣͬʱ˹
һ˫޴ޱȵȭͷһɵĺɫìս⣬Ȼ·Ԫͼȥ
ս˫
սʽ֮ھʽ
ǴʥսһеľҲΪǿһ
ǰҶܽһʽʩչڣҲûнһʽȫͷų
ʱ˿̣ӵеǹս⣬ȴ˿ѷɫڴʥս죡
ѪҺȼγɵĻ棬ɲ֮侹Ȼ۳һߴɵĻΣأʱ˿̣Ҷһ˫ֽճȭһȭͷͬɽһӴ󣬴޾ŭ𣬺ݺݵȥ
һʮѨͬʱ֮˴˽ƣһγǧɾֱҶ˫ȭ֮ϣΪһ˫ȭͷٴƽ
̫ͼͷųҫ۵ĺںֹâԶԶȥǰ̫ͰƴյһγһȫµǳУžž˵ѪӣѪ˺˵Ĳҽ֮գ˫ȭ֮
Ҷʵ
޽ӽڵ쵤۷ʵȫʩչʱ磬ݷ뵽ѵľ޴ƽ֮С
֮һ壬ǲĴǸʵɽͣ嫵պͲãĴأ˿̶ɢ
ͬԪһһжޣ
һĻڵʮӣ޲뵽־֮С
ͬ׺ľѾӣѪֱӻȥʣµˣҲɫҰף϶¶˾֮ɫ
޷Ҳ޷
֮£Ǿͬϣɸɽһ
ʱԶҲѣȻ֪ҶǿȻԪͼģϷȴҲѾ˾⣬һۣ
£ü֮УȻһ⣬ȻԼĲֱ꣬ĳеԪͼڡ
꣬׼֮Ԫͼôͼٴ
ĵ׼ԶĻҲԼĲ꣬׼ԪͼʱƷȻһ𣺡ţ
˵Ŀ⣬ʱȫƷɵϣԶĿĵΪֹۣ
Ʒɵһ˿ϣ׼ܹ֮סһ֮أڽĵӵΪٵĵ䣬ۣ˵̫ˣ
׼꣬ôȴǵĽţΪʲôԶɫͬơ
ƷԥһµϣʵˣҪ޷ѣ
ʼգڵӶ֪ʲô£ԶƷ֮ĶԻԴ̲˳
ȻԶ˿ǸˣڶԷԶ֪УԲòٻԪͼкĵӵ֮סԷ
򵥵˵ԼЩˣȫΪԶ֣֮
һ֮ǽĵӵϺĿ֮Уʱ˲֮ɫֻԶݺ͵λǲÿڡ
ǣѾԶԼ֮⣬ʣˣȴȫûжֻĬĬĶԶƷɶˡ
ԶɫȻøӵĿƷɵ仰ʲô˼Ҫ֪һУΪڣ
䣡
˶Ի֮ʣҶ˫ȭɵɷ۶ĺɫìѾصԪͼϣ
һʮѨټҶʥȫԪͼϣȫ۳һ㣡
¡¡
һλڣΧ뵵˲䱻ɨһգ¶Ԫͼһ˿òһߴͬһһ㣬ֱľɽ
ҲǴɽʼҶȫ˲ˣ˷ԼٶȣӶȥ
顱֮ϴ֮ȫɨȥԪͼ֮ϣԽԽĵطչ¶˳
һΣԪͼûܹղһӴһȫΪԭʼ״̬Ҷǿֲ֮£ʧȥá
ҲҶĲ룡
ԪͼĪ⣬ҲҪʲôã
һλʹãôҶԲóȻķȫһǲٿصֻһȺʿȻڶ࣬ǲǾܷӳȫ
ˣҶȫһ뷨
ҶȫһԪͼںϷֽļ޺ٶȡ
ͼ֮ϣԽԽĵطչ¶Ҷ۾ȴҲסˡ
ʱ˿̣УȻˡһУ


1996 
Ԫͼ¶ĵطԽԽ࣬ǵصĻҵĶͬһ㡣
ȻֵҲˣ˵Ӷ޷ٱƽȣ׷ԵڵأԶƷɶ޷⡣
ֻϵ𵴣֮е𵴲Ÿӿ£
ȻҶȫһ֮£ȻӲƿԪͼķã⣬Ǹܵ顣
ΪļأڵõͼʱΪ˲λʹ֮£δܽͻơ
ڣҶ֮£ȴˣ
仰˵ҶʵԳ˵ʹ
ڣѻȸÿ˶žĿ⣬ſеҶ
Ҷ˿̣ȴǽԪͼ

ǰ
ŻϣȻؼһУ
գأɽɳĮʯͷݣ࣬壬ҩ
в󣬶Ҷ˵ǼΪϤ˵ʥʥ飬긫䶦ܡ
֮ǿٵؼֵһУԪͼ϶һʻ񣬶ҿһ
ҲпԼ󣬶׷֮ϣ쳣ڸе𾪺ϲͬʱҲ̲סüͷΪԼôǵʲôʱ˭Լһ
ŻǳԺ֣֮Ҷðһ޴ʺš
ʵ޷󣬵˭˾˵ֱۣһΰĻ
¡¡
һͬװľڻϴ̫ͼžѪӣҶ˫ȭĳì֮
ͬϢѸٵԪͼɨе¶ĵط
ҶĿ⣬׷Щ¶ĵطϵĸıλá
һ̣ƺѾԼ˵Ŀģ·һĿɿڴˡ
ģҶһЩ룺ϵһжӦöȻγɵģǲģʥ飬֮ʥΪĺʿƳĶʥûг֡
ҶԪͼʱƷɵͫ׼ٴοԶϣȻ˵һУΪڣôϣܹԼڵƽ
˵ʲô
ԶٿȻѣ¶ݺݵĿƷɵ
ʱ˿̣ʶҶʵʹ֮󣬳׵Ʒɼᶨе뷨
֮ʼղϷԶΪ䱳ʹڼȻҶʹҪǿôʱ򣬾͸ǵľ
ǾǽԶƳȥڵƽ
һƷɲûԴķʽ˵ڵӵĶ֮С
ⷬȻҲ˴󲿷ֵӵͬ˭ҲΪԶǵҶһµǿС
ԶƷٴ֣صĵԼľϣҲˣʵȫƵԪͼӲȥֻһ;ԣΪڵĴֿǣϣ㲻ҪϽ
Զŭ˸Ʒɵⷬǳ׵ĶϾԼĺ·ԼʲôȥҶԿ
Զȴǲûж˵ʲôΪ֪Լ˵ʲôҲ޼£ʶҶǿ󣬾ԼҲη塣
һЦԶĵƷɣԲ֪ҵ֮Уʹµһ˿ˣʹ˾ͻ֪࣬ʱͬҲ
˵ʹ˵죬Ҳһ
Զת֮ʣƷɺȻһХȻſеҶλǰ֪ͱ֮ŶԹǰԪͼ㣬Ҳ֮Ըϵ˼ڣֻҪӦǨŭӣҾͳȥԪͼƾδ
ҶĮջԼĿ⣬תƷɵȽץסǸ˷ų
ץסˣ
ƷɻĿԶȻȴѾĵӣҴȥѾ²ʡľĴ˹
ԶɫעţҲֻڿ³֣
ģҶٴζһĨ⣬ƷҲǶͷð亹֪Ȼ˵ĴڣңҶ϶Ϊ˶û
Ʒɼæǰͳŵҩ˾ĵĿУȻҶǰѾ£ȫ֪飬֪
ҶĵҿԷŹڵӣǣΪͷԪͼҪˣ


1997 ìͶ
ԪͼҶĵطԽ࣬е𺳾ԽңģͼϣƳĸ֮⣬ǿĵطҲܹͬһԽΪԭʼ״̬Ϊڣš
ǵһķ򣬶ؼз
ռ䷨ˮ֮򣬻֮򣬴취֮򡭡
֮Ҷ֪еķԪͼжҵ
ֻصķֻ֮࣬еһ˿ҲΪ˿֮һ𣬲ӵԪĿֲ
뿴ؼз򣬶һͼУǺε飿
˵ʵڽ䵱ػɽŵķãʵǱͼʵãԶԶֹ򵥵ķӦǰ
ȻҶͼڲҲֱߣֻͼǷֳݣӵ֮У϶Щ鷳Ʒֱ͸Լ
˵ȷе޷ܵġ
ǣ֮ͬҶƷҲףԼԷҲԥߣ飬ܻͺ֮Ĺϵ
ǣڶ̶Ƭ֮䣬Ʒɾҧصͷͬ⣺ֻҪǰܹŹеӣͼǰ߱ǣ

ƷɻµʱԶĵ³֡
Ʒȴһλ
һԪͼƬȻһ⣬ɻƷɵüģʱͼҲȫȻը⣬ֱÿӵüģҲԶ
ڶʱָ֮ɫƷҲҶֱȭǰԪͼȱһɣǾǧŰپʮŷݶԸ⽻ΨһһݣֻǰԼȡˣ
ȻΨһһݣָľԶеһƬˡ
ҪԪͼ˶㣡
ԶȻЦüٴѿһɫλʹġ
ڿɢһɰ֮Ⱪǣ۳һΣòʣ裬һɫڷ죬һѹصϢ
ԶһɱﵣҲλʹԼһΪı
ȻֻһȴڶʱڷһȫĹȻ֮ͻ᳹ɢ
ԶȻһ˿ϣţҶʵܹǿλѾﵽʹ
Զ֪ҶɱħһĻҲٱκϣˡ
ʹ˫Ŀ֮ͬǹۣĶҶҶȴɫƽ
飡
ʹʼһ̤춼΢΢һͬʱһɱֹʱҪΪǿ֮ɢ
ߵҶǰ֮ʱѾﵽ˶壬ؼ䶼һͬž֮
֮ڵѹ֮£ŨҲţʩչ޽ӽڱһ
ҶȻԾޱ飬Աߵȴ¶֮ɫȻܹܵǿ
Ȼˣ򵥵һȭʱؼ䱻ѹµ˷Ļ۶
ʱ˿̣ʿоؼȻһ˲ɢһգǱ˸ȫһ㣬ǵжһ
һ˲Ϣ֮ڣʹһȭ֮£ȫ۶֪İͺ嫣۳һɵԲ׶εУ׶⣬ܹһеĺХ֮Ҷ̶ֱȥ
Ѿܳܵˣ֮󣬿ռȫݣ¶һֳͬԲ׶εľ޴շ϶
ԶԶȥͬһìһ
ˣ
ʹֵͬʱҶɫƽĿڣһԴ
𣡡
һŭ廯һڹ⣬ʧ٣ڴʱ˿̣Ĵض˾ҵĲԼлХʨ֮ӵص״һƬƬĺڹӵ¿ӿ
ҶǰЩڹѸۣҫ۵ĺɫâӲúҹǰ٣ؼ䣬ݷ˺ڰ֮⣬κζڡ
ڹ֮УȻһɫĶƣ
ܣ
ɽ죬Ҷǰ
֮ϣȻ޾ĺڹⲻӿ
һڹ⣬һ˿֮أڹ⣬֮
֮Կʹŵһ˲
ʹһȭͬ޼᲻ݵìܣƵĶܡ
ǿìǿĶܣ


1998 
䣡
һ죬죡
һɾ˵ˣգƺ綼ȫ
һ̣ʿĿط۶
ڵӣѾһƬÿ˶ɫҰףѪƷɺԶҲɱ⡣
ûл赹Խڴ͵Ŀա
û֪Ǻ̺ͬһ֮УôΡ
ͬʱ֮УһڱĿӣȻ۾бĽ⣬ⶼΪ֮ȥ
ӵòԶ߳ǸһģһȻǱʹ
ڵһȻʧˣʲô£ڲܹٵҵ
һ֮ӵӰȻʧ
𣡡
һ޺𣬴֮дƷɺЩȻѵڵǣȻûɵĸеһɡ
һԵԶɫҰף嶼΢΢
ţһѪӴͬһͷһ㣬ֱӽԶס˲ʧ١
飡
һӰҲڴ֮˳Ҷ
Ȼɫͬе԰ףȴǲһĴӿߵƷɵǰ
ʹһȻǿޱȣȽӵϵʥ޵˵Ծǲһ

ҶžĻصţ
ܵȻأڲҶ֦İ֮£֮󣬾Ѿָ˹ֻһΣȴҪҶߡ
Ϊ£ΪϣܹҶΪʦ
ȻҶûнߣǶʦҪȴǾܾˣֻԭĹȥвĵطѯԼ
֮ôΪҶһֱǾĻǷϣڸԵĻԵòҪȥ棬ǰôߣڻôߣԼǵߣ΢һ£ߵĸһ㡣
ҶԸƴİŸ䣬ṩҪһС
ʱ˿̵ƴҶѾǾη˼£ȻȫԹհ죬׿ˣҲǸɴİᵽţҹҹҶķ֮⡣
Ҷڵ飬Ѿ򣬴ȪĴҲ˲֪˲
һУҶȴȫϣȫ񣬶Ԫͼ֮С
Ϊͼʵ̫̫Ҷֻܽ磬ٳһʮĿյأƽϸĹۿĦš
ʱţµʱܿȥƴǴһ˿Ҳ𣺡ǰʹѾټˣ֮󣬸̨
֮УҶԪͼ֮ϣܺȻʮѨƣƴЩѨȫһϢĳҶڡ
Ҷ˫ۣоȻͬǺ嫵ǿһ㣬ǣңе׹˸
ۣ֮УȻ֮
£Ԫͼ
µʱ䣬Ԫͼи࣬һٽѨλͨʮǶؼĸַ˸˽⡣
ؼķʵ̫̫࣬ﶼڷ򣬾ûκܹȫеķܹͨһ֣ѾܿɹֻǣЩƺҪܵһֹʲô
Ƭ֮Ҷվһ˷ţʱ˫Ѿָԭ̶ͬˮһ㣬峺ȴס
ƴҶ۾һɲǣȻֿĸоͬʱһ𣬼æͷȥҺӡ
̨ںδ
ΪʹڽʱʱܻʩչһԼǵѾܳܵļޣרſٳһ磬ԶҪι̣רΪ֮á
磬ͱΪ̨
̨ûй̶λãǿеһڲϵƯֻʹǰʱ򣬲Żʱ̶Ȼʹ֪ͨ
̨λ֮Ҷв鿴һȻڱչصľģûдתϣ̨ȥ
ʱ˿̨̣֮ڣվӰ֮һڳλʹˣһһŮ鿡֮
ԣһӰվʹΪİСñڵסˡ
һɫе԰׵ߣϲƣеͣʱʱĻ缲һ㡣
ߣˣڵʹϾȻһֽȵĹ֮ɫ
ȿȣĿ£˫֣˵ϣ۾͵֮ϣͷųһȦɫ·
Ҷʱ˿ܹĻôͻϳЩɫ·Ȼĳֵƣ


1999 ̨
һƬ嫵ɳΪﳣ£ѷ˼
Ȼ죬ƬɳλãȴǾۼ˽ǧӰ˷ԾеâΪ֮ϣһȽɫĴţ̨ڡ
ЩˣȻʸʹʿǣǶǸɣ֮еٮٮߡ
УȻҶӰ뱳ϣޱ飬˫Ŀ΢գ²ؼһ˼¡
Զʿڶָָ㣬Ϊķз֮սǣǸΪȪ˵ԻȪĴй֮׵ˡ
Ȼһս֮⣬û˼Ҷòºѡ񱣳˼Ĭǣһһʨȴ˿
ԣЩԶʿǣͷʨӵʱ̾뵽˴ţ˴˰²ţԷǷǸˡ
ҶЩ²⣬ȫϣûиıòûн𣬶Ծɴ룬ҡĳ֡
ΪҲƷɵĿе֪ˣһλʹԶһĳλ棬ȻԼλʹ٣ôԷȻܹӦĵ֪Լʵݣεʹһѵıᣬԣȫãĳ
ɵõԪͼ֮ǰҶҲе㵣ģΪǿҲһ˵Ķ֣ǣ¶ԪͼĳȴͣѾõΪ˼ͻơ
ʱ٣ɽ֮羿뵤죬ͬʵҲﵽ죬ԣ޾塣
ɳ֮еԽԽֱ࣬ûӰֵʱѾﵽ˽ǧˡ
ڣҲûٶ໰ڣȫųĬϴ㽺ϣͷעȽɫĴš
ţܸıһ켣Ծţһ죡
ҶҲ۾ûȥţĬĬעΧˡ
Щ˵ı飬Ҷ˷ս󲿷˼սʱҲͬͷϣһ
Ҷ˳ĻᣬǹؼʱȴǶȻǸǳ񣬶ǳΪĿܣսһ޴ƭ֡
ôʹӦҲһƭ֡
ڵ֪źƽٲ֮ʹĴƵʹеʿҲʱҶӿԿ϶һУǲúõһƭ֡
ԭҶμʹϣܹʹİ£쵤죬лǰսȥԼѡ
µıչأҶѾӵʱǰʹΪ˿еײź
ȻڵλʹӦҲ֣ҪȻĻںڳһƽ١
¡
һҶ˼Ҳٴ˵ע
ֻϵȽţ΢΢һ֮󣬿ʼԴ򿪣һɫĹâͬٲһŵķ϶֮Ук䵽˵棬ȥһһ
Ҷ֪ʹĲԡ
ȻÿλʿǸƼٮٮߣⲢͿĳͨĽ뵽̨֮С
Ҫ̤Ͻڲκİ£һ̨ʸ
ʱһϵӽ֮дѶȽֻͣҪܹ߹һ룬ӵʸ񡣡
仰ԭͳϣڴڶʿϸ¶˿ȵı飬̾һȺʿ鼤ĳ嵽˴֮ϣʼ̨
飡
ոת֮䣬Ȼʮ˴Ӵ֮ϵЩ˵ɫ˲òҰޱȣΪǸûʸ
ղһҲСģһΣ
еǲĵˣվٴγϴȻһִӴ֮ϵ䣬ң̱ڵϣͬɵһ㣬һ
ͬʱһЩʿѾ߳ʮԶҲѾ˿ʼ
һȥнʮʿܹߵһģȴֻһˣȻҲڹ֮ȥ֮ȴٴδһĻסȻâһʧ٣Ȼǽ˹֮С
еڶʿ̤˽ﵽˣҲͬǲ˵䣬ǰ
ģʹɹһģϳϲǵڶ֮УȻˣͷβֱһ˽֮УʱԹߵһ󾪺֮гĽ
ҶƽעһУȴ˷ĹâΪжνʹѾһµĲ롣


2000 ĵ
Ҳ֪ڵõԪͼ֮ǰҶҲ֪ڣڸַһЩ˽Ҷȴ֮Уܵ˽֮
ÿʿ۳ʼͻӦĸԣǳΪˣΪԶȻڣ֮С
ֻÿʿߵ·ͬ޹ͬڵĳ֮ǿҲŲͬ
򵥵˵ʵϾһϵʿǷнϵԼϵѵĵ·
ڽ֮ߵԽԶģӵеĽϵҲԽ࣬Щһ͵ģо͸ûκεĽϵЩһֱ̨ģеĽϵǴﵽĳ۷塣
ˣҶҲԲ²νʹΪѡнϵǿʿ
ЩΪʲôҪôӵнϵʿϵ޼᲻ݣʿȷҪǿѵֻҪһ֧ȫӵнϵ֮Ĵ
УǰڽϵѡԷǳϸ񣬵ȴǷ˱׼˶ΣΪʲôʱ䲻ΪʱĻǾֻΪ·
ĿǰΪֹҶֻܲ²ôࡣ
ͬʱ̨֮еʹǸ͵ϥ⣬ڵʹͬҲԶԶţֻһһŮòʹڸһˡ
֮⣬жʮӰʵʵڵϣЩﵽ˱׼ʿǡ
ŮʹʮˣüͷԴӵнϵ̫ˣΪֹܹĲֻʮˣ
ʹεһЦҲܹǣˣһֱѡӵнϵʿǰʮң㹻˳ɳˣԽԽ̣˼챻⣬ֲܳɳô죬Ȼôŵ˱׼ô࣬Ѿǲˣ
ŮʹĿ͵͵һɨˣٴĵʵôʹǰѾҪִ˰Сϣֻ˵˼ҵ֣ΪֻǸ˵û뵽ȻĴڣ
֪˵ʹֱӴϣпʹİɣ
ʹͬ͵һˣһ˿ȵĳ羴
棬ʿǵĿԾڼգǧ˵Ӵ飬ʸ̨ģֻа˶ѡ
ȵ˶֮ҶŴ뱳£Լ֮УȻ̤˽
δ̨ܽʿעҶڶϣҶҲһӴ֮ϵ䡣
ǵ͵ĳñ˱Լá
ֻϧʧˣ
ңÿ˵۾ɲ֮ɴ˼£Ϊ޷ԼһĻ
Ҷվڽ֮ϣȻͼ򵥵һȻȴѾվȽ֮ǰ
Ҷһͬʱ̨֮ڣĿʹȻ۾б⣬ŮλʹҲĿɿڴǶһĻ
ʵ޷Լ۾ԼҲһϾŽϵĴڣ
Ҷȴˣ
Ҷͨսϵ֮ģƾԼƿصĿռ䷨ֱӽԼһĿռ֮С
Ҷţվ̨֮еʱ˵ĿҲеϡ
ЩĿ⣬Ҷû⣬ֻǵĿһʹΪĿ֮Уźڵɱ
ȻʹϳҶǻɱԶˣҶҲͬϳ
ҶҲͽǿһۣһ̣ĿȴͣǸʼձ۾òϵߵϡ
ƺǶΧһжĮģҶһ̨֮еôˣ˿ע⡣
עߣҶĪĳһ˿Σյĸо
ȻҶԿ϶ԼûмλߣȴԼδ֪ΣյԤУȷģҲ˵λߣºʹһΪԼҪԼ֡
ҶĿ֮һȦȦɫ·֮ϣüͷħĵƣоȻûѪ֮ƵĴڣͬħƷ˱һ㣬ħˣ
ûѪ֮ƶƣңĶ֣
Ҷһϵͷ˲Ϣ֮ɣ˿ֻվһܣ˸ط
λʹûҶ۾Ҳλʹ΢΢һԴӵʹǻû˸Լ
Ǹ뷢չһԼΪʹ֮ʱȴһʹ㣡
Ҷƽĵͷң



2001 Ի
ʹ£ѾֱӳˣûиҶκοڱ粵߽͵Ļᡣ
һ£ҫۣ۵Ĳǽֻǰ˽ϵ֮ǳΪʹĺôǰǷֻ֮ҪΪʹ϶ܹƿؽϵ
ϵ֮Уǽϵ򣬾̧֮䣬ǽţ쳣޼᲻ݣﲻƣ
̨񣬷¡¡ĺ֮Ϊ̨֮У̲ͬǿĽϵ򣬴ʱ˿̣ܵʹķ֮ȻӦ
ǧ֮ȻڿԻ˺̨γɵĿռ䣬춼𵴲ѣַǵһ㣬Ҷȫû
ȻʹΪҶԼҪǿ󣬵ǾͳܻԼµһ֮ģȻȫ֣ȡһС
ʹͻȻ֣λߺҶ֮⣬ˣʹڶ¶֮ɫ
ȻͬΪʹֻǵʹȴǴﵽʵϣǶڽϵƿأǿԱġ
ˣʹȫһģԱ
¡
̨ռԽԽĵط˺ѿ¶Ŀռ䣬Щδܻʸʿǣ˿Ҳȫɴ۾𺳵Ŀ֮ϵѾرյĽţͻȻžͱǧٿףɫĹâЩ׶֮͸ضӳճ˽ɫ
̨֮еЩʿǣԭΪԼ̨ܹ󣬵ڣʹǸ޲Ľϵ򹥻֮£ȴǺ޲øϽ뿪
ֻǣѾˣ
ǧɽϵ֮ûɵĸĹֵܹģҽѾЩֲ޼᲻ݵĽϵ֮£ѣ飬׵ɢ
ˣ
Ҷǰֻ֣һߣȫĻס
ﬣ
֮ݺݵײ֮ϣĽֱ֮ܲϵȥ
ͬʱҶ֣һŻи֣ȥƺʱϨһ㣬ǽ˲Ϣ֮䣬ŻǴ˰ߣȼգǽӴŻЩ̾ͻᱻڻޡ
Żĳ̨֣ռٴηһ޴ĺڻ֮֮£ռ䣬޷ַ֮ײȻը˿
һСıըڵĴ˵Ҳһ޴ѣҿһƬ޴ɳ
ɳͬıһƬտ˵ĺ󣬷ɳɳˣɳݺݵ˷ϯȥ
Щų̂ܽʿһ©ģȫɿ񱩵촷ۣװ״
λŮʹȻδͬѾŵɫƬҵ֮ӶݣжʹǺ޵˼£Ҳη嵽˼¡
ڣֻҪܹӳⳡƽ٣ôƽص죬ʱ򣬽һоȥȻͷʹ
֮򣡡
ʹҶеӿ棬ȻһŽ⣬㱻ŨɱȡߣȻ˽𣬵ľ磬ֻѣĻ֮򣬸޷ҵĽ֮򡣡
𱬣
ʹһ֮Ͻǣʱ˿̣вϳҶ޾ЩȻը˿
ܵһпʼ׷߽⣬˲Ϣ֮䣬ǿգȫɿֲıը֮£
ʱʼʹ󷽣ʼձ۾ߣ΢΢һ϶ǰͬĩһΣĵ˵ͷ
˵֮۾ٴαϣǿ񱩵Ľϵ籩籬ը֮γɵľ޴ڿʱ򣬶Զֿӹ
ʹʩչ˽𱬵ͬʱҶҲѾܣʱ޾Ĵ֮ӿ
ҶҲһȣ裡
еŻ汻׵˿УͬȻըǧ棬ÿһ棬Ȼö׼һűըĽϵš
䣡
֮ͽϵڱֳɷ֮󣬱˴˼䲻ײڶڿγһƬĹꡣ
ҶֱڣûʹȫʹΪǸʼƽߡ
ȻϳħˣôĿıȻҲǶԸԼֱĵƣѾѪ֮ƵĿƣټϴӴ򶷵ڣҶҲʼչעߣ־ޱ֮£ԾƽҶӿԿ϶ԼĶ֡
ҶҲȫûģΪһɱﵡ٣


2002 
ˣ
ҶԻ֮֮סʹĽ֮֮ʱΪɵǸߣͻȻۿڣ³˼򵥵֡
³ߵ֮϶Ȼɫĵƣÿһƣһֻһ㣬˷Щڲײַ֮ץȥ
ʱԭ˸оҪ磬һɲǣȻ˲˾ֹ״̬
ɳ˿Уһײеַ֮ҲԱը״̬ͣסˡ
ȫһƺʱҲͣͣһּΪ̬֮䡣
Ҷ˫ĿͫףȻΪ֪ˣߴ˿ʩչֹͣͨȻ֮ͬһļܡ
ּܣΪ
ÿһλӵеļܣԴڸˣǣ˴֮⣬˸ķӳ
ǰȻǴߣһԸҶȴǴ´ˡ
ߵĵҶӹһ˿ԥģ̽ԼѹƵΪ綸Ȼ˳
ԶԶȥ˷ʱŨŨƷԼٶҶͷϷۣɫڽ֮һѹڶ
ҶѾٵһ̣ȻߵƴȫˣͬʱһУԼڡ
ߵ˫֮оⱩǣһɨĽƣƵ¶һ˿Цݣ˼ȻԸңҲգҿж󣡡
ʹҲӵ֮ѹһĨæת߹ĵϡ
ö˵ˣҲħһҪ׷ɱ֮ˣԣҵˣ
ʹһ˿ǶλųΪħµһʹϣȴûаΥһͷ˵ϵ
¡
һ춯صľ촫ԤʾŵҶ뵤ټʼ
ʱϺȻĴ֮վһվؼ侹Ȼһ˿΢ɲ𶯣ǿ۵ԶĽƣ֮һ£һڿ֮ʱ̲סһһ㡣
ͬʱڵھ֮УһߴǧɣȫиͷǹɵĹ֮УȻ۾¶һɱ⣬һȻʧ
վغٶ𵴣һĻλʹûз֣ΨҶоˡ
һȻλǻ˵٣ʵ϶ܵƵġ
Ȼλϣ񣬵ض٣ȴһ˽⣬վٶеһ˿𺳡
ԼҪƾֿ˵ļƻӦ޷ˡ
Ҷת֪ˣԼͲö٣ӦͬԸħһԸ䡣
ڣѾʱٵԼ˵ʵһּΪðյΪ
ϾҪȫĵƽڳٵͬʱܹȫĵƽأ
뵽Ҷ¶һ˿ЦԼΪǽԸ
ҶûзģΪ֪Լһٵ׻ж޷סߣôƴȥԼҲҪ
֮ҶһЦʱ֮еһڴţһƬﵽ֮ңɽ纣ǵһ㣬
Ҷ٣ʼˣ
Ҷʷһ١
ףǹһߵСɽܼĺУֱ춼ڲ죬纣֮Уһ磬ֻʮɴϸȥȫĽҶûˡ
ʶٵʹ϶ʱ¶֮ɫҲɹ٣Ҳʶ˶ɽ٣ǣûм˿ֲ١
ͬһµģȻ޾ɽ纣֮ϣһλһ㡣
ʹɫ֮£ٴԭأǼٵԶȥҪӳƬ򣬱ⱻ
ߣ
Ҷʮɰ׵Ļ֮£ƺ׵磬ǿȴˣעҲʼչעϺʹˡ
˿̿ʹҪӳٸǵķΧҶܹ⡣
ЦУҶһʹ׷˹ȥƶЩƣԼصɽ纣Ҳǽ׷ᡣ
תƣ
ҶУͬ׹˸һ׼ʹѲ̵ֻıӰռ䷨һʩչ
ʹһɾ޴ķ֮˲λãոճֵɲǣǰһ˶ޱȵȭͷ˹Ҳһŭһ֮֮Ȼ
ˣ
ֱ֮֮ӴǸԭõȭͷһʮɴϸ֮ϣӲĴ֮ж
¡
֮Ȼٴη죬ʹɫȴ˲Ұס


2003 η
ΪʹĹĻ磬͵ڰҶɽ٣ԣܵٵĲҲ˳ͷĿ֮С
ΪˣµѾĳˡ
ˣһ̣ʹѾǱɽ纣ΧзŭĺУҲϾĶԸҶòȫӦˡ
λŮʹΪÿ죬ľ˳ȥǽұܹ١
ڣҶĿֻʣλˡ
ͬ޾֮УȴûκεķΪЩ磬ȻƿǱ⿿һ
һֱվԭأϴһ˿ϷŪ֮ɫעԶҶȻﲻòϣҶȷԼ󣬵ǣȻԼвԼ٣һܹȻ
ڣϿڵҶô㱾µĻǿɾ̫ʧˣԹԵĸȥħɣ
˵ͬʱָ̧ͷҶָ˹ȥһָ֮䣬ǵصͻȻ߷˿Ҷ֮䣬γһƬû˿յش
һĻҶͫӾ磬ǿԿ϶ϣʵ㲻Ҳǽη塣
Ȼһָǽڴˣ
ָ֮ʣЩ¶һƬյشͬʱҶȻоһɿֲȻ˳հ׵شԼֱһ̺Ȼ֣ǺȻУͬ꣬Ծɱһɾ޴ֱӹᴩ
ۣ
һѪҶĿǰϡ
ҶһҧѪȻڳһѪӣϯȥͬʱһѾڶֵҲ֮١
ص磬ֻһҲȻӴ˲٣Уһɴϸľ޴ȻҶϡ
ֻҶȻһǵȻһ⣬ڣҶڶ֮Ҳһ硣
Ҷһ˿֮ɫһͽѪ֮󣬳嵽ϵǰ
ʱϸոһѽѪӸըӭ͸ܵ˳ԼҶ

ȻɣӶ֮ԸԼҶϵĿиһͣϣǲмɫȴӵŨ
һָ
Ҷݷٴλص˵ħʱ֮һָͬһ޷ֵ
㲻񣡡
Ҷһҧ˸ŵ֮⣬Ȼ˻棬˫ȭս˫žΰһָ
¡
Բ֮ڵĵ纣Ҷȭͷһָͷײͬһľ˵ƻ֮£ȫɢ֮С
ҶҲһ֮£ź󷽵ɶȥٴһƬ纣֮С
¡¡
֮ٽ٣βǵףǺȻںһ
绯Уֱ۳֮Ҷݺݵ
ҪǻƽٸҶУڣϵָ֮ˣӲ١
ˣ
䶦ܣ֦ͬɽ٣һ̣Ȼȫ֡
ɽɵУֱײǵɽ硣
䶦ҲѸǵɴС˶Ķڣö׼ǵ硣
֦Ҳʮ֦Ҷһɹ͵ľϵƶȥ
ɽ籡Ԫ׼Ǳ磡
֮ϣһƬҫۻ⣬۳һֻ˶ޱȵĻһſһһŻε硣
ԶһĻȻ۾кڵ¶̰֮ɫ
ˮϵϵľϵʥǺԪɵĽ٣Ů۷٣СӵϾȻôöȫˣ
ЦУȻһֻɵ۶ɵľ޴ƣգֱץȥӣȻһ½ȫץס
ˣ
Ҷ˫ĿŭȻ֪ԷĵѾܵѪ֮ƵĿƣǴʱ˿̣»ȥҲöԷõκһ
ˣҶ̧ͬѪ֮Ҳ̻۳һֻƣӭϵơ
飡
˫ײ֮£Ѫ֮γɵƶʱɢϵȴ¶˸ӵЦݣЦѪһŵѪ֮𣬲˰
ּ죬ۿҪͽŬٵķץʱͻȻһʮº͵𣺡ҿΪղŵǾ仰Ѫһ𣿡


2004 ʦ
ºֵɲǣؼ䶸Ȼһҵ𵴣֮ڵɽ纣ͬ٣ȫʼƬƬı˲ɢޣ޷º͵һ㡣
ֻۿžҪץסĵƾƣҲ֮£ѡ
֮ϵЩƣҲȻɢһ룬ʣµһ֮УǲɫߣȻҲֹͣ˶
ָ֮ƽҶƴȻֹ
ܹηʵº͵ȣУ
֮⣬һɿŵ˲죬ִѽŵĿֲо
ϣϵͱģһѾȫһɨգȡ֮һأͫͬèһȻһ϶Ķĳһ
Ҷ֮ǴһãȻϵĿ⣬ҲǸ
ѿһһϮĺˣ̤żΪʵϣһ˿º͵Цݡ
Ц֮Уȴû˿ů⣬˸оһĺ䣬˲佫Լ
ˣҶöԷһ죬ԼʲôطһȴǶʱɫ䣬ȻŶԷһȥ
Ŀм֣飡
֣Ҷͬһ㣬ͬ궼һϵãȻ˲䱻һޱ߷ŭɱ˫֮иֳͬһ籩һ㣬ĶǸˡ
ˣȻ飬ı𣬶һͬսУߵǸ
飬Ҷʦ֣飡
λʦ֣Ҷһѵĸ顣
ͬţħĵӣ˵Ӧͬ۹ãﻥͬʥǣҲλʦ֣Ȼ°ȥʧǣʧȥңΪһ
󣬸Ϊ˾Ҷȥ
Ҷ޷ԭԼλʦ֣ҲһֱҪҵ飬ѯΪʲôҪô
ֻǣҶΪԼ֮ʵʵ̫󣬼Ӧںܾ֮ȴû뵽Ȼڽ
ңղŵǾ仰УȻάѪһŵϡ
һ棬άѪһŵϣһ棬ȴֽɱԼ
ҶأԼ޷͸λʦ֣֪ʱ֣Ϊ£ԱųĬͬʱҲʱֵ׼ĬĬעš
ȴǸûпҶһ˫ֱͳ޷裬ɴº͵ЦݣעϵղŵĻѪһ𣿡
ϾΪħµһʹҲʮħ涼ηλϲŭ޳񣬸˵ԼˣԼҲû뵽Ȼɳ죬ѵΪɱҶ
ת֮䣬ٴ˺˫ֱȭˣղҳԲѷѪһţˡ
ϵ΢Цӵº֪ͣˣһĻȻΪһദˡ
ϵɫĵħηΪǵѪ֮ƶſãҵĵƣȴǲӰ죬ңǰ֮˲񣬲һ߷ʵǿҲޣӦһս֮
ֻҪգҪҵ鷳Ȼħͷ£ߣûǱ˺˵ƺҲҪɱҶĻҲǻкĿܡ
뵽˾ٴιˣȽˣȻʾ棬Ϊҽʧ֮¸һĴ𸴣˵˺ҶΪҶȽҶȻ󡭡
Ȼһ֣ʱϵĻЦŵ̺㣬Ҷʦܣͬħ֮ĶԹʲôʱֵū˵ˣ
ʦܣ
һůĴܹƺҶˣϵ£ֻоˣ
ˣҲҶĵԸƴȥػȥѰҵˡ
񣬴ĿУ˵֣ٴҶһ΢΢ĲĵȴһʦȻ
̺ɫٱ䣬ȻףȻΪ˾Ҷ
̺֪֮²ˣ˹ֱ̬֮ͦ壬飬񣬵㲻ҪˣҲѾǰ㲻һαͱˣ涯ҲδĲ㣡
ãҾ㿴ѪһŲ˵Ѫ֮ƣ
оһһֻѾ˳ȥؼȻһ籩籩֮УһѪ֮ƽƣݷܹѪÿһѪ֮֮ϣȻһͬһӰ


2005 
ҵʦܣǷ˴˲ǵˣҲȻʦͷ̺㣬˵ˣ̼ǰҲɱ󣡡
º͵ؼ
Ѫ֮ƻ۶ɵĴ֣Ȼݷգɲһֻơ
һɿֲѹ֮£ƵϵĽƣòٴɢ
ֱֵֻ̺㣬Ѿû˿Ѫɫʵû뵽һȻҲͷųս
Ѿͨսķ룬񼼣
ͬħ̼Ǿһָһʩչ񼼣
̺ҧгݣлȻһɫĴ󵶣ϺȻһͷĹĿڹ⣬ص⣬Ȼƣŭնȥ
ڵЦݸŨʮº͵ĵû뵽̼һ޼ħԲٿأһɵūžūţ޼ħ֣ҲӲ
ʱ˿ֻ̣̺Ƶѹ֮£Ѿ˵ֻҧأŬĻе޼ħ
һͬƥһĺɫ⣬ضħƣħ۳ħ̼ľ޴Ӱںݺݵĺֻײһ
飡
Ǭ𵴣ڣϵĿռײ֮£ױѷӣٵĽƶǺڰո˽ȥ
һѪͬһһ㣬̺ĿпԶԶķ˳ȥֱѷ֮С
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£Ѿһ׿Ӱͬ뵽֮С
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֣̺ʧǰʱ䲻ᳬʮϢҶã֮ɫƺҲ֮ʧһ㡣
Ҷãˣ
Ϊղţ˵ĻΪڼҶ˵ĸܵǵȷΪʦ֣Լİ
ǰ֮ʱȻԾɲǽʹӴ֮лɱ궼һߣȻǳװҶߵ
Ϊͬ˵Ǿ仰һҵʦܣ㷸˴˲ǵˣҲȻʦͷ
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ҶĿ૵³֡
ǼȻĽԼʦܣ˰ԼôΪʲôҪ°ΪʲôҪֻ֪ɱ¾ΪʲôҪɱԼ
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˲Ϣ֮䣬һƬɽ纣ӿ£Ҷȫ
Ȼûʹ̼вҶҲ޾٣֮壬ҲͬӦԡ
еһʱٳҶϥ˿УüѿղԼֵҲԶصߣһ𣬳ٵϴ
ΪҶǽеһʱ򣬱ǿдϣԴ˿µ٣ҲԾǴӱϵĵط¿ʼ
нٷֱ£ӭȥֻʣҶԼûһ
Ȼ֮ȴǶȻһ쳹
ţһͬɽϸľ޴磬ȻڿлһʥƣɢصĿֲƣֱҶ
Ȼ٣
ʱ˿̣֮е飬º͵ЦݶȻһɨգȡ֮е֮ɫ̺ʹ꣬ȫһƣ档
١֣̺̲סһ£žͱһЦ飬ɱңʦҲ밲Ȼȹ٣٣ѾĿƷΧ٣
٣˵ʥ߳ġȻʽٴο̻
ȻûʥôֲǾҲһ˸Ӳһ٣
Ȼתֻʣ̼ٴ¶º͵Цݵ̺㣬ڲɱ㣬Ҫۿҵʦܣζɹٵģ
ܣ̺ٴһӲҡͷ
ݷ˲ͿԽԼ˺޾Ƭ磬һǰδеΣУҶ˲
𣡡
ͻȻҶҲһü֮ǵµĽɫӡǣһ̣Ȼ


2006 һ껯
Ҷü֮ϵĽɫӡǣͬʱȻҶüģ˿УǴһ֮
ʱ˿̣ҶȻ丣飬Ĺ֮еõʮƷŴ֮Ʈǲӡ֮С
Ⱪǣâ֮УȻһʥ
𣡡
𣬳ɣǾͬɽֱӭ˿
Σֱͬ෢˹
¡
ײ
Ҷֻö֮һ˫ʱѪʶһ̣ȫᡣ
ǰſ޾Ľ͵⣬ҶҲñȱ۾˫֮ҲͬѪ
𣡡
ȻҶҲģǿϵʮƷţȴܹĸӦγɵѾԼüӡȫɡ
ʵҲˣɵ֮ͨҲǵ⻷ƣһصѹɢֱýƶĲ
֮Уϵ΢ЦŨתͷѾ𾪵Ŀɿڴ̼Σ
̼ҡҡͷϾȻ֮
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ٴ£ֻͨ磬Ȼɾ޴󣬵ǶҶ˵ȴǸû˿в
ʱ˿̣ҶͿ֮䣬һϵƺԼԼ
֪֮УҶü֮꣬ȻһΪССҶ֮һٿȻ뿪üģһ⣬ֱӳϵ
Ƚ𳤴ɵҶ꼸ͬһ΢ɼǾ޴֮ǰʱ׵üľȻԶѿһĽһһסҶ꣬˽
һ̣Ҷ΢΢һʼһּΪĸоƬָ֮оѾʧȡ֮һƿظУ
ǵģһƿأƿĸоһУΪ꣬뵽ڡ
ƿصĸоҲԴҶԴͷ
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ҶſͣǷľȻ֮Լһ
ͫȻԱߵ̺ĵòᣬķɣ
ܶ˶ʩչڻʱҶͼʶ˷֮ȴûԼķ
ȻҲк֣ܶľ۳ǿģΪ޷ӳȫֻܷӳӽһʵڵʱҲܵơ
ͬҶħλʹķʵ̫Զ
нڣ߼ķΪһ껯
ҪԼѾΪһ꣬·ѳ꣬Ȼֱ꣬Լķ
ͱʵȫһûʱƣֻҪܹ֧ţôͿƵĴš
˵ˣķ
һ޳ɷս͵ڷһ޳ɷսͷ
죬źУµƷɵ֮󣬾ȻҶһ꣬ڣ
Ҳ˵Ҷһ꽫мĿɷңǿԻʥķ
Уûгֹ
Ҷȫ񣬶ڣΪԼԼģƺһ˿䡣
ȻƷ۶ɵʵҲõĴڣΪǴߣµƷ֮УȻҲǰһЩ䡣
ҶҪҪģȻǽЩ䡣
ʲô
ҶȻ˿Ϊļ֮УȻһӰ
ˣȻվ֮ϣһɵƣòŮ֪վ֮ϣȴҶԲ죬Դĸо
Уˣƺǽˡ
ͬҶԴһ
źܴĲ࣬ϾԹκˣУǵ֮޵еĴڣʥȴǡ
ʥҲǿȴѷҶţûκδڣҽҪǣļ֮УԼˣȴһַĵľη
ָоڵҶҲͬӵС
ļٺ٣ǲĶμ֮У˵ĴڣȻ˶˵ΪҪ
ҶĬĬĽļ֮󣬳Σ˫Ȼˣһˣ


2007 ɽ
ɽ磬ˣǷĴڣʼʿ̽Ѱһ⣬ֱΪֹлûһܹ϶˻ɽĴڣ
Ҷȴǿ϶ˣ
Ĺ֮У֪ʥԼĹ磬ĿģƺΪػҲػͷ˽ڵ磬Ҳػĳ˻ĳΪʲôڹ磬żΪŨꡣ
ǺѪ۶潻õģǺħ콻õλ࣬ǰǵĹ磬ֻҲδܳС
СݣʱκõѾͷӦҲֻɽ硣
΢ļ֮УǸҶоͬԴܹ޵еˣҶ϶ֻˣ
Ȼ϶ɽ˵ĴڣҶ˵е˷֮⣬ȴû̫ĸо
ΪĿ겢ҪΪˣǰɽ磬Ǵ˵еֻԼˣԼֵܣԼͬţԶһзƽƽĻţ
Ǿƺܼ򵥵ԸҶȴʼ޷ʵ֣Ϊ̫κͱ
𣡡
Ҷ죬ٴηһŭ𣬶ϵҲͬʱ죬һͬһ㣬
ģӴ忪ʼԼٶСССһߣȻ̬Ҳ𽥵ı仯ֱҶӡ
ΪֹҶȻΡ
ɫƽһһ⣬Ҷüģʧ١
ŷ壬Ѿʣ޼Ľ֮Уٴһɴϸľ޴
ҶȻ̧ͷüѿȻֱӺü֮ϡ
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Ҷü֮жȻųһȻӲǵ޴ĵڡ
ҵײ֮£Ҷо˾޴ʹ࣬ѪѨλ׵֮£촷ۣ嶼Ҫ
ȴͷųһ͵Լΰǻ촷۵һУۿɼٶȿš
ǣǵɴϸʵ̫ǿ󣬸ոָ٣ֻ˲䱻ݺ˺ǳ˷ŭ֮һǲҶڵһС
Ҷؽҧ˺ѡϡ˺ѵʹֱ࣬޷ģ˲Ϣ֮Բɵ˫Ŀ֮жȻһ֮ɫ
˫ۺϣҶʼԼǿڵ֮ȥײԼԾɱʮѨλ
ǣͿҶ֮ϣǱһɸһ㣬ÿһξ붼һָͷϸĵҫΪĹ졣
֮У̺Ŀĵʲô
Цݲ䣬ѵõ¶һ˿֮ɫҲõĹϵȻʼϸĻش̺⣺ѪһţķǶͬѨλ֮У߰ٶʮѨλҪģǽЩѨλȫͨ
ղţʦܴսʱѾѨλͨһ룬ڣڽ֮ͨʣһѨλ
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ɽ٣ǿص飬вͿɢԹĸʿɽ֮ʱսսȫע
ȻڣҶȻ˿ֲٳֵ£Լķֿʼ֮ͨѨλĿ÷ˡ
ʵҶṳ̂·ʼǲжٴΣΣʱС
⣬ҲΪʲôڶ̶̼ʮʱڣܹǧ궼һܹﵽľԭ

ΣպͻǲģֻһδͷĶ򣬲ʵһδε֮θߡ
û̺㣬רעҶ˵ʵҲ뿴ԼСʦܣͨζɽ٣ʵܹﵽʲôľ磬ڵѨλܴͨٸ
ϣܺһ
ͬʱڲͻȻССĹ㣬ϸһµĻͻ֣ᷢЩﵽ߰ٶʮ
ѾʼɢȻ֮ҶǶɹԼ٣Ҷȴû˿ĲѾȫĵĳ˴ͨѨλ֮ϡ
һ̺ʵ̫ǿ̫̫࣬˿̱ҶǿԼѨλ֮ﾡá
һʮʮ
һһѨλĳ֮£ͨҶ϶¶ɫ
ʱһĹȥת֮䣬Ҷڴ˵ѾҹֵǣͷϷĽƣʣһ䣬δȥš
ڰ죡
֮УʼĬĬעҶ飬ϵЦݶȻʧͻȻһ˺գһʹ֮ͷ죬˫֮УıһŨȫǡ
֮ϣ˷޾ĽԼٶۡ
ҶȻҪɽˣ


2008 
ʱ죬ҶȻٴӭ٣
ң֮ϣĽƣȻһۿߣķ޾һ㣬ɫΪ֮һ䡣
̺㣬ȻѾ̫𾪣Ǵ˿𾪣ȴǳ֮ǰУ
ϺãȻҡͷ⣬ôܣܣܣ
ȻɫأǱ̺ȴ򶨵̫ˣĵôܣѪۣɹ٣
ֻǣʦܰʦܣڶɽ٣Ҫ𣡡
ҶѾ˳Ķɹһ٣˵۷ʵٴζɽ٣ӭľǵ١
ٵǵܹܵģ
оһȻ̧һץҶͬߵ꣬ȫһץ֮˹
һֻٴδһ˺ǿ˺շ϶Ҷ뵽֮С
жɽ٣ܹ뵽Ψһ취ˣ
Ҷգӵ۵ĽģȻҲѿ¶һǧľ޴շ϶еĽƣ϶֮пӿȥ
עһĻ̺Ȼתͷģ
Įҡҡͷ̺һ٣
񣬵ȷԲٿ٣ûκ˲ٿص£ƾȻܹԶǰɽ֮أ٣ͲܲٿصˣԼģͬһ㣡
ܿƵٵǻ٣Ȼ޼ʦ٣ָоԱȻٺٶҪ֪ܷ˳ɹ
ͬʱЩ޾ĽƣѾȫӿշ϶֮Уѷʱʼϡ
֮䣬ͻָǬ֮һƬǰһУûзһ
׼ٴ˺գԥһºȴջ֣ΪڵֻһҶҪٵ޷⣬ֻܷ
Ǹ߸ߵ֮ϣıȴйעգ֮⣬ٻгʮλҲһĿͶע֮УͶעҶϡ
ȻҶεĶɽ٣ǵע⡣
Լǲϴܹ˹ע飬Ƿʲôʱˡ
鱾ɴº͵Цݣȴħȭ񣬽ľˮ񣬻а񣬶ҲˣҲȤӣʦܹɹɽ٣͸һˣ
ҶȻڱչ֮УǾֽߵһ̣ȴǾ˹
ľٶûпܣΪҲԼٵԲܳܵġ
ֻǣ޷͸ͬڲ֮еʦ֡
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ɫĽƣŽɫĵ⣬˷ۼһΪ޵أЩƾȻųһֱﵽʮԲΣԲεУҶ
Թ»ûΣɽ֮ʱȻ˱ΧҾ뻹֮
ҶԼͫȻ
ȴƽͫ˲临ԭܻơ
ɣ
ҶѾ׼µͬʱޱߵĽǸܵԴƵȻһ̣ȫ˸֮£ڰȫ
ǰҶ٣ϵ磬Ȼ٣ȴǽ׽磬˵ˡ
һɫڽ֮зߣ˿ЩԲεУøЩһͬʿĻᣬнƣתһ֮󣬲Ƿϣ
ǲ
н֮УͬʱһϸĽɫ磬һͷ˷۳һƬ嫵ĵ纣Ҷ񱼶
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缸ͬһʱȻҶ
һ˲䣬ҶǴʧһ㣬ϸȥͻ֣ᷢҫ۽֮Уһͬ˸ŹâӰֹֻâѪɫ֮⣡
ҶԼǿеֿ޾ϴ
٣ֲ֮˵ֻģҲΪЩֲ̫ǵҲ޷ƣԲòת
ÿһɫ۵Ҫ˶ɽʱȫ׵൱ڳǧϵĺ϶Ϊһ
⣬ֻǵһֵ٣
ŵһֽɫʧȥҶţһµĽɫ£һΣ϶¶ŵ֮ɫ
νɫ˺ֻܶ࣬оʮŵǣʮŵ磬Ȼ˾ʮ
٣
ʮ٣


2009 ħ
ʮŵٵĳ֣ôʱ˿̣ڹעҶɽٵǣ϶ٵ¶֮ɫ
鱾ϵЦҲѾʧ˫Ŀ֮ݷ꣬ʮΪ֮٣ǵҵλʱҲδʦܹɹɹպĳ֮٣ʲôһ
ħ̼гֵһͷŭ۵ȴܹؼһĨη塣
ηһʿ⼸޷顣
ʵˣħ̼ĴĶҶһ˿η壬еڣԼôȥҶ
ͬζɽ٣̶̼֮䣬ɹɣԣ˾˵ĳɳٶȣֻ漣ݡ
Ѫһţ
ħҧ³˼ѵĸֺǸߴɵѾʧޱߺɫ֮С
Ƭ嫵ǿ֮УһɫӰǿյʱ˿̣ͬڹעҶĶɽ١
ķӦȴΪƽǾʮŵٳֵʱ򣬶ûκε
񣡡
Ȼǿ֮УһЩ겢һ
ɫӰƽ̧ͷĵ̼£
ħ̼վһ״޵Ŀռ֮УȻܹǿգȴȥֻżĵս׼ʱ
ɫӰĬƬ̺Ҷ𣿡
ϻĴߣǿǴûмٲɱĻ²õȵ·ǾѾȫɱˡ̼Եеܻ
ҶȻҪɱΪΪߣпܰߵɽţɫӰĵҪɱҲõȵ·֮󣡡
ǡ
̼Ի˵ʲôȴɫӰϣ˵ˣ̼Ӧ˵Ҫʲôǵʱ䶼ˣ
һ仰ͽ̼˵ƿԣĬãһԲת뿪
̼׼תԼʱ򣬸ߴȴͻȻͣ£תͷңŵڵķ¶ǲģҶͲ֪ĴڣȻҲ֣ҿɲͬҶǸ飬һлᣬԸңȻǵʱǲˣǣǰҪȵ·ĿȻ㲻ϳ֣Ǿͱˣ
һޱߵ磬ֻֻһ
ָıһһĲڵ£ÿһǷȴֱָ죬һȥߣͬһĺ󣬽硣
ģһߴɵĽɫĽ⣬ѾգƺֻҪǰ̴ܽ
ɾ޽Ľ֮ϣϥһ۵ӣ˫΢գһ
ͻȻ۾ʱһɷ˼µĿֲϢ˲磬֮еĽҵĲˡ֮
ԶԶȥƺһ¼Ϊı˸档
ӵۣħ̼ϴǷҸ飬ǲǸûˣ
ӣҲǽһ˿ŭ⣬ǵƬеӾҵô
ɱˣɱһҶˣ
ˣ¶⣺𣿡
ǱɣԱҪ仹Ƿ˵ʱ򣬽ɱ
ΪԼ֣е㲻ݣȥɱһˣʵǶһ衣
ô࣬˸ɻеϵŶ̼ѵõ͸һթ
˭
Ҷ
Ҷû˵֣
չذ꣬Ȼ֪緢һУҶʮ䣬֮˵йϵΪǣڵʦܣ
ʲô
йâһ˻ȻǱɾ޽Ľֱ֮´֮ϵ֮ȫӾҵĲ
ֱ
̼ŵ꣬Ӯ˾ڣҰæԣʦ֣ܳȥɱӽ֮Ǿˣ
Ŀһɨܾ𵴵ıһ϶ʱأбȫ
ã
Ҿ͵ĺϢˣ
ħ̼뿪е֮ɫȴǸжȻһХͬһ㣬еıһ̣ȻȫӴ֮Ѷա
ޱߵĽʱ̵֧飬¶ƬƬѷ졣
ڣͲĲڽˣϣɱʦܵʱ֣ܳԸңҸٴһĲڽһΣҲκ˰ң


2010 ֵ
ħ̼뿪˽֮󣬼ͣѰİΪûи߽йֱӻҶ飬Ϊƾ轣һ֮ɱҶ
ͬʱ֮еҶҲʽӭ񶼸е𾪵ľʮŵ٣
𣡡
Ҷոɵƿüֱ˲仯ɫӭǾʮŵ١
ɳľ޴һͰסʮĵ٣ŭţһ٣һ֮Կʮߵ٣
ʮѪӿӿȻʮƣѪ˵Ե΢ΣͷҶҲ˲ˣֻܽȫÿһѪӣסһ٣Ҷֵַʮ
̫ͼź֮ǵһ㣬԰ס٣ΪҶȥʮв
ȻҲǳһһ٣
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮŵ٣ֻʣʮߵ
Ѩ
ϴ֮ʱҶһ׵֮壬ȻǿִͨһٶʮѨλټ֮ǰͨʮѨλܹİٰʮѨ
ÿʮѨ۳һѨʮѨ˷һһ٣
ڣоŵ٣ҶȴѾûκԽֻԼŵ٣
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ǿֲڰնıˣһֲĺɫԨͷųһɹɻ
һĩٰϢնڷһǿҵĲ
ûκԳ˿ֲٺͱը
ǣҶȴ˻Уͷɢĳţ
ŵ٣ȫͬһʱ䣬ݺݵ壡
ܹص˲ӿ֮УݻڵһУʹ͸оʱ䶼ûС
һһεѪһһ鼡⣬һ˿˿ëȫ˲仯Уɢ
ҶûΪȴǱԪһ׹纣Уׯϣҫ
ܵ־ҵʹ࣬ȫ꣬ͬҲ˺ѳݣҪҲһͬݻ١
ķ飬ڵҶĶɽ˵ǼΪһ£ֻҪ겻ôͿؽͬĺ̰֮һ
궼˺ѵĻҶĶɽپʧˣȴģԶ
ˣ˿Ծ˵ʹͬʱɱһŲ飬Լ͵־Ŭ٣
𣡡
ĽһıȻһ֮ʮߵ٣ٵʵ̫£ɳ壬Կֲٶȣһıϡ
βצֱۣͷ
ۿҶոĽ֮Ҫȫڽʣһ۵ʱʮߵٵҲϣһ۱
ۻһ⣬³Ҷ֮Уٲһ˿Ҷһ꣬ͽȫʧ
ſʼ۵ĵʮѪӣڸոһٵʱ򣬺ˮʱһգѪӸɺԡ
ѪӣͬʱֳһѪˮУ
ʮѪʮٵ֮£ҲԶԼٶȱСѪеЩ˶޵꣬ǷһҵĽ
ʮٵɢʱʮѪѾȫʧֻʣһκķѪ
ѪһѪ⣬ҲҶ֮С
̫ͼܹʮ٣ٱ֮£ϵı˺ѣһɢţ󣬾Ȼֻʣһһڵ㣡
ڵ㣬ȹ
ԭӦǺɫٵ֮£ȫѪȫեɣ˲Ұ֮ɫ
Ȼʱ˿̣ԭ㷶Χ֮е٣Ȼʣ°ûбɢۿȹγɵĺڵ㣬Ҫٸûʱ
ͻȻһҰ׵ĹâȻǰȹ
ڵͰ׵㣬϶ΪһһɫԲ㣡
ٵںȻըɫԲڱը֮¿ʼƵС󶼱޷ĴС
ǣը֮ŻɫԲ㣬ȴûʧԾеĴţң˿ܹվԲ֮ԣԻἫΪ𾪡
Ϊ۶޷ĻɫԲ֮УȻһֱԴϢһδ֮ǰֻ֮С
һһ
ʱ˿̣ɫԲ㣬ǡһ


2011 ֮
ɫԲҲһ΢ɼĹâصҶ֮У֮Ҷǽյ˫ȴǶȻ
ʱ˿̣˫֮ûյϬͷеֻһŻȻͺԪɢһ˿ͬϢ
Ԫ֮ʼܻȻŻĺԪĳ֣ȴҶĴۣ֮ٴһ̨ףĴֻۣ֮һ֮ң
۾ı仯Ҷ磬Ҳǳ˲ͬǵضƺҪպҶȫ˺ķ٣Уȴǻûһٲâ

֮
ҶΪʿȻ֮Ϊ˻ķ򣬳ǰ
Ȼǲâǵأ޾ΪٵĲÿâ֮䣬ƺû˿Ŀ϶
ǣҶУЩâ֮䣬΢ɲĿ϶֪ԼٶٿһЩȫԴЩ϶֮дӶ׵Ķ֮
һ̣Ҷг𾪺ϲȻǴߣȻΪԾ˵ٶȵȻѾƿַ֮Ƕؼķ˻˽⣬ǣû뵽پȻҲ䷨
⵹ˣΪʲôܹƿ٣
ֻҪƿ˽֮򣬾ͬƿһ׵ʩչ֮
ȻҶҲ֪Լܹһ֮ôԼͬƿ٣Ժӵͬ
ʱ˿̣Ҷ֪Ľ֮٣٣޷ƿغġ
һ̣ҶȫעͼǰĽ֮֮УҲʱ֮д˺ѷεʹࡣ
¡¡
ɽӲһ٣Ȼûһ˲ٱը֮ʱǻͬҶٵȫԼڣӶøԵƷٴ
ɽɺԪҶԼɵķǿ֮£ʥУȻʥһЩ࣬ƾԴĺԪȴĸ棬˿ѷɫʥ
ܡ䶦֦ʥķҲǸһ¥ﵽ˷֮еļ£
٣ʥ֮У֮Ĵͬɽһ㣬ͬﵽʥƷס
֮οֲ٣Ҷ֮⣬ջľܹͬʱӵʥҲ˶޷顣
飡
ҶѨ۶ɵʮ޴Ѩͬסʮ˵٣ٱը֮󣬸ǷֱٵȻ»İٰʮĹ㣬׷ƮҶĸ
ʱ򣬾ʮŵѾȫʧֻҶǲ˸Ÿֹâ֮Уǲϸıλõİٰʮ㡣
ԶԶȥһƬǿһ㣬ÿһͬһǣҶ꣬һţ
ܵĽƿʼɢΪǵѾɣҶ󾿾ܷ˳ͦǾͲǵˡ
Ȼֻһ٣һ֮а˾ʮŵ٣ǿ˸񣬾
Щƶ˫𽥵ĵԲ𾪣ڸղſǾʮŵٵĳ֡
йֹͣʱҲѾﵽ˼¡
Ϊֻܿĳİٰʮ㿴޳ʵϣÿһ㶼ǰĳѨλڵľλãΪš
˵ǳһֱеİ˿Ź㣬ϵ£ξһ֮ϣϵڵľŸѨλ
İٰʮ㣬ͷųһɫĹߣ˴ӣճһΣҲҶ壡
γ֮İٰʮ֮ϱ㿪ʼͷųĽɫâЩâǸո̺ĳ
Щʼʣʵһı仯š
ԸԵѨҶ壡
緢һУҶԼû˿ĸоΪ˫۽գԾɳǶڽ֮ĸ֮С
֮ѾָƽԭΧҶܵĻνƣȫɢҶٳɹɹ
ʱ䣬޾ĺڰ֮лţİٰʮͷųҲԽԽѾܹϡǾҶ
һ֮ҶȫΣİٰʮ㣬ҲҶڣǴδֹһ㡣
˿̣Ҷ֮Ͻãÿһ缡ҫ۵Ĺâÿһë׶Žɫĵâ
Ҷ֪ȫµ壬ȫٵ֮۶ɣ˵壬ԶǰҪ͵Ķ֮⣬̺ˡ֮


2012 
µʱҶ۾˫֮оȻһɵ˿еΡ
֮ϳ˶һ㵭Ľɫ֮⣬˿κεı仯ڲȴŽ޾Ľתʱʱ۳
ҶϲĿԼ壬ȻδϵԼ˱仯˫һȭȻԼž֮һȭ֮УǻᱩһŽ⣬һ㡣
Ȼվδȫ֮򣬵ǾȻ֮۶ȫµ
Ҷվֶ֮һѪɫĳһУʼܵķƮ˹
ĳɳҲǰһ
ټ⸱Ҷսڰ쾰ˣҲԼһƴ֮
һ̣ҶӿǰδеģͻȻüͷΪԼڶɽ֮ǰ顣
飡
һҧҶеһȫԼڣֱ˺գһ»صڡ
ǣ飬ȻԾվӦʼû뿪
飬Ҷһĸоںܶ໰ߣȴֱ˻ȥֻעŶԷһҲ˵
ſϣ¶º͵ЦݵСʦܣڼˣ
ҶԾɳĬޱע顣
ȴΪļϲ˳ɹ٣һΣλΪ֮һ
ΪʲôҪ
ڣҶʳ
΢΢һЦ˵Ϊ㣬𣿡
ΪңҶƽ϶Ȼŭ⣬һվǰĵ㽫ɱңΪңΪʲôΪɱңΪΪԶʹ𣿡
Ҷʣ龹Ȼɱº͵ЦݣƽĵȻôŭôңôҸһᣬһ㷢йŭΪĻᡪɱңȻֻҵһֻҪɱҵķôұ֤´Ϳֱɱҵıɣ
˵֮龹ȻľɢȥȫȥԼȫķô΢ЦĿҶƺĸԸĵȴҶɱԼ
Ҷ˫ѾճȭΪȵ巢΢ĲÿһεĲž籬֮
ʣȷ飬ȷɱ
ǣ뵽Լ̺ʱΪǴ˵ÿһ֣ȴֺУּһ˿ů⡣
ͬ࣬Դʥս죬ԽڣѪһŵÿһͬһ
ΪʲôҪң
˵㣬Ϊɱ㣬𣿡
飡
ҶȻӶȭͷþȫݺݵǰŴЦݵϡ
ûκη飬Ҷȫһ֮£޵ֱֱֿķ˳ȥȻصˤ˵ϡ
վӢףȻѾѪģȴɱº͵Цݡ
ȥϵƣЦŵСʦܣҲãҲգ˵Ķģ
ҽΪ㣬ҽ㣬ҲΪ˽ɱ㣬ҪôɱңҪô͵պԱɱ
֮㲻ɱң㣬гһգ϶ڣ
ķ˵ⷬʱеıȴ͸޾ɱĶҶȴҶĴ𸴡
ҶȭͷսɿɿսһֱƬ֮Ȼָƽ˵Ǽ٣ΣȷʵңҲǷκζ飬죬Ҳͬɱ㣬Ҳ֮ĶԹһʹ
´ǵУҲһ֮䣡
Ҷ²֣֪죬Լɱ飬ôԼ϶ڣԸպȥڣҲھͺڡ
ͬУһĻ磬ҶԸⳡ磬Լ֮ͬ䡣
ҶⷬıͷȻͬʱ¶һ˿ʧҡҡͷСʦܣڵģѾᣡ
仰֮ת뿪ȻҶ˻֣Ϳ̺ʹ걻˳Ҷǰ
Ҳã
һ仰ٴҶסȻǹ⽫ʼձţΪģԼԼԴǵĿе֪һЩԼõϢ
齥ԶȥʧıӰҶԵܹоǱӰ֮¶һ˿į͹¶


2013 ׼
ֱıӰʧ֮Ҷſ̺ʹ꣬һɨҶķ֣ĻѾȫסˣ֮бôеĳĽƣҲĨȥ
ȻⶼģΪľǷҶ֪֮Ҫ֪Ϣ
ͳһ㣬ҶҲᵽĶԴԼǸղ뿪ǰ˵ǷȴҶãƭԼ
Ҷһ˿ʹı飬¶˿ɬЦݣҡҡͷŽעתƵϡ
ڵҶûǷϻֱǵ꣬ܿ͵֪ǵм䡣
ÿһλʹÿһλʹĵϵˡ
ʹڽĵϵˣ̺ħ̼ĵϵˣҲǿĵһʹ
ȻҲҶ֪̺ıץɱħ˵һ־޴ʧ
ʧܼҶжħĺޣĳ֣ԼмĿ̺С
ʹ֮УҶ˽⵽һµıǾǳڽϵ˵ʹ֮⣬ǧʱбԽ壬вҴߵЩʿȻڶΪʹʵϣãԸԵΪһϵԴ
ȻǶԽϵƿص˼µ񣬶Ե޼᲻ݣҲýҪȥһĽϵһϵʥ긫Ľϵ
ĿģΪ̤·ʱϵ۵޼᲻̴֮ͨɽĴţ
ˣŻҪ֮ӵнϵʿͬҶǰƲһڴ֮ߵԽԶˣӵԽǿĽϵ
Щ˻ᱻߣʹ֮ҰǿֽϵֱﵽǸܳܵļޡ
ǸʱǵͻᱻǿгǼĽϵ
ʹĿģ
ΪѾ˲֪꣬õʹλϵ˶֪ڴߵӵнϵʿԴﵽһΪӴ֡
Щ˻Ǳɺͼ˵ΪʹĻԵȻʵȴǳΪһƷ
ʹΪѻԵô͵ףҶһЦΪţЩνĵϵˣҲΪƷֻҪҪͻԥȡǵꡣ
Ǹ߸ϣʿĽҲϧһд۶Ϊ𣿹Ȼ֮£Ϊϣ
ֱһЦ
ҶţΪ·Ϊ˳Ϊˣɽ磬ÿһӦöǵķŸָ׼
׼ʵϾΪۣϵĽţϵĴţϵظţ
ÿһ·ʧܣܹһôȻܽеĽѵ;飬ӶƣɹԸķ
뵽İ취Ǵһ˫ܹƿɽŵĽϵ
ãҶüͷȻһ壬Ϊ뵽˽ϵʥ긫
һĽϵԲȱٽϵʥԣڻ긫϶ڱصã˿̻긫ڰϣҲ˵Σգ
ԭҶڣһȪħĺˣڿӦøǰսҵǡ
Ͼʹ϶֪ôԼ뵽Ҫȥһ긫ȻҲ뵽
̺֮УҶ֪̺ܹ֮Ϊһʹԭ򣬾ΪƵı죬ıеѪ֮ƣԵħ̺࿴ĵԴ̺֮ͨΪ̺ӵ൱ڵڰ쾰ľ硣
̺ܹ˳ĴҶȥô̺㶼мĿܳΪε֮ӣ
ȻһоΪĵƣħֵ̼ܹӦõԼϣѪ֮ƣôʵҲõľǲҪηѪһš
ϷһУȻһЩ񣬶ҵĳɳҲԲϣģħ̼Ϳ϶ֺŭˣҳΪҵһҪɱľôȻ뾡һа취Ըң
ֵֻǣ˵ҼǴߣʵô죬ЩΪʿǣӦԸңСݵĴڣҲó£Ϊʲôڣħ֮⣬ôûҳأ
˰죬Ҷδ⣬ȻԲ룬׼̺ʹѪӵʱͻȻ̺һѪ֮Ʒӡɵļ䡣
ηӡǸոռȥģҲ˵Ӧǳ֣֮ҲǹԼġ
ʲô


2014 
̺еѪ֮ƵķӡҶ׾ٵĴ򿪣ǣһĻǰ
֮УһƬޱߵѪѪϿգһ˱ҶϥһѪɫ̬ܿ࣬һͷɫĳֻΪ棬޷ӡ
˵ıӰҶȻһϤĸоһԴѪϤһ۾ϳ˶Էݡ
˲Լʦħ죬Ѫʼ棬Ѫ۶棡
棬λнеĴıˣǸıнˡ
˵ûûڵ磬ҲԾǸݺᣬֻܳ䵱ʳĿɱ硣
ҶȻѪ壬ǲʵѪѪҺõѪĴУڶŨĸ顣
ϳѪ۶ͬʱҶȴҲӹһ˿ˣΪѪԼ֮пķĹ޴ĽɫĹ
ȻǿѪۣҲѲʱƣʧ޾µУ㣬Ҳ⣬Ϊʲôһַ׷
Ҷû뵽Լһ죬ķʽ¼λĬĬעţ֪ȻصؽμԼôбȻʲôҪԼ֪顣
֮УѪʼϥһǲӿѪʾ⻭治Ǿֹġ
Ƭ̹ȥȻһ·Ӱ۶Ѫǰʱֱӡͨһڵأ˵̼ݼʦ
̼
ħ̼
ҶȻһ𣬶ʱǸӰǡ̧ͷԷòȴҶٴһ
Ҷɱħ̼һ㶼ͱͬòǴǰɫӰлż۵ϣ˿Ҳ̼Ƶĵط
ѵħ̼ķ¶Ĳʵò
ԼΪ㣬ΪûҪ
̼ʱֳΪ˻ɱҶݣʵûҪʵò
ôѵе̼ڵħ񣬲ͬһˣ
ֻǲֿܣ̼ȻѪ۵ĵӡ
ʱѪ۵Ҳ֮ȻԴһɲŭϣǶ٣
е̼е⣬æٴεͷʦӴ˴ɻǧһʮħѾСɣ
仰Ҷ̲ס
ħһһ㣬Ҷǽ˫ɷʱѾ֪ôеˣȻӦþħɡ
ǣȥɻǣȻǾѪ۵ͬ⣬пѪ۵
Ҷ޷ܵĵط
ȻҶδѪۣǹ¼ȴ̫࣬ĸ汾Ĵ˵֮УѪ۶棬ԶһһĴӢۣȻĻҲһ֮Ϲ壬ʳıнų
ȻһӢۣȻͬĵӣȥĻǣ
ˣѪ̼ɵһЩ˵ĻǣͬٽѪһҶȻǰһһܺĽͣʱа
ϧѪ۽ȴǽ͸׷顣
ô٣Ѫ۵Զһ˿⣺¼֮ͬɳʤηʿרȥɷˣҲħƴɣȻһ꣬Ȼǧǣ˷ңã
ⷬѪĻҶﶼһɺ⣬ҲҪɣԼˣѪ۶
Ҷ˶Ѫ۵Ļио˺⣬˵֮е̼ˣ˿̵Ѿ˶ҪѪ֮УҵĲţæʦ֪֪ȥɻǣħƲɣ;

Ѫһ³̼ɴһ㣬æͷȻվһ뿪ˡ
̼뿪ɲǣǻ֮ʼձҶѪͻȻתͷ
һ̣ҶûпѪ۵ĳ࣬ΪֻǿһѪ
壬ͬڣ˲ǱޱߵѪһӿ𳹹ǵĺ޾η塣
Ҷ񣬼ΪѪ񣬾ҪĹ֮е̰֮ꡣ
Ȼ̰֮͸ղѪ۵Ǹȣֱ̰֮޺Сˣ
ղŵǼѾҶĿֲļޣ
ʱǸѾȻ̮ǵҲ˲ʧ̺ͬ꣬Ҳһֱըɢޡ
ǼˣҶȴҲͬʧ˻һվһ
壬Ǹոմˮһ£µɳ


2015 
ðҶǻعԺ֮ѪǵȴͬһҲ֮ȥ
ΪʲôҪҿλ棿ѵֻҪңħ̼𣿿ǣǸ˵òͺҼ̼ȫͬ
ܹһԿ϶ħ̼֮ħ֮Ѫ֮ƣΪѪ۶ĵӡ
ֻҶħȴû˰Ȥֻ֪һ⡪ǸˣѪ
ȻҲǲĴ𰸡
ȻҶйħĽͣȴҲɻ
ˣ
Ҷٶ룬ѪӾʹ꣬ĽǸֲ׳ԺҲûٻ룬ֱ뿪ƬɳŵϿա
ѾҪֱ˫ʻɫ۾ͿԿڱչ֮еľġ
ģҲҶΨһǣˡ
Ϊʹ⣬ýٴɳʹʱľͽΣڣĲκαԼеѣܵ޹ǣҲûоĵͬ⣬һУͽԼ֮С
ܵһеľģǵû¶˷֮ɫԸܹҶߡ
˾ģҶҲȥƴϾѾ˺֮Ľףڵв
ӳɽҶУֱƿռ䣬뵽˵쵤졣
ʵҶڶһٵʱ򣬾Ӧֱӽ뵤죬ΪʲôûгֵĴţҲô¡
˳Ľ˵죬Ҷȥһ˵ȫİ磬ֱӽǸħʹѪ֮о˳
˵Ǹܹǰսĵط
ħʹѪ֮еʱȻΪÿʱÿ̶Ҫ޾ʹ࣬˵Ƕ꣬Դ˿̱Ҷɴ֮ɫֱҶͬһ㣬ԺѹæҶ
ȻҶ˫ʻɫ۾ʱȴٴδסݷͬʱը죬һͬҶ˫еĿֲо޷԰Σ꾹Ȼı͸
ֻҪٶҶ۾Ƭ̣ôͻ᳹ɢ
ҶҲ΢΢һȻʶԼĴ֮۾֮󣬻ûкκйӵ
̺ʹ꣬ǱֱɨûжӵĻᣬǰħʹǵһӵꡣ
Ȼû뵽˫۾ȻֽȫƵЧ
֣Ҷ΢΢һӣ֮۵ãǿһô򵥣꣬һɱ֮
뵽ҶеȻ֮ͫУ˫ۻָħʹҲ˹ղȴСһȦ
˵
£ħʹҲû˿ȻҲٿҶ۾ǼæͷµǸطڵϲ֮أһͬεɽɽ֮вһС磬Сһͬһڣֻߴ֮ѪͨӶս
Ҷ΢һͷٴνħʹѪӣϲ󲽶С
ҶʵѾﵽڵȻ谭֮󣬾ϲԼܿҵɽ
ɽƽܣҶȴǷ˲ʮĵؾػɽ֮УŽ˵Ĵڡ
ȻطǼΪӵģϾӦΨһͨսˡ
Ҷٴνħʹ˳ʵС
Сڣһʯ֮УСףҪͨǸڽսĻͻ֪
ԭħʹҶ˫۾Ŀֲ֮Ҳκ©ˣԹԵĽԼ֪ȫ˵˳
ҶҲȷɨһߴɵʯûע⣬û뵽ﾹȻСڡ
ħʹŵǰɭϣȻǰΪͨ죬ǳܹ˲סˣȻ̾ͻǿг֣˲ٵʯǰͬĻԸǰ롣
˲סеˣ
һʮˣҪͬʱסħʹǸǲܵ飬ԾһԼֵĻᣬϾԼ壬ҲҶѪ֮УֻҪԼֵĺãû׼ܵõҶʶ
ΪҶǣҶȴ飬һЦã
˵֮ҲûнħʹѪӣһնս˫һŹֵƣʱӿ
֮


2016 
Ȼǵڶʩչ֮ǱϴҶʵԵټĴۣ֮һΣȻڿпǹӶɣĵƾȻһ˿ߣǵһ㣬Ľɽȫ
ʱ˿̣ɽܺڲһеĶȫЩ˿߸뵽һͣ͵״̬֮£Ȼɽ֮еˣǿüģǶڰģҲͬ޾˿Χ
Щ˿ߣͬ޿ײһ㣬˳˵ü˽ȥǵ֮Уÿһ˿ߣסһ鿴ޡ
˿ߵ˵Ϻжʱ¶ã֮ɫһͬ˻һվ
̼ΪĶݣҶ³ĸ֣Щãǰ󲻳Ϣʱ䡣
ߣ
Ҷһ˦ֱӾħʹ꣬һʯ֮ԡ
ʯܣվŰߣȻǶҶȴû˿Ľ࣬ƺԼ񣬾עҶҡڵĽ뵽ʯ֮еĶ硣
һĻħʹľս޷Ҷܹô̵ʱڣͬʱסôˡ
ͨĽʯһ硣
󣬳֮һȦƣɢâ֮⣬κζ
⣡ħʹæеǰǽսڣֻд֮ѪԽ룬ǰͻңҺôǰ
˵꣬΢һҶѾȥ
û˿谭Ҷ׵̤֮Уǰһʮɫɫ֮ܵľ㽥
һɨΧҶĿ³˼֣սңֻˣ

Ҷħʹеͬʱħʹ˵֮񣬶оˡ
һҫ۽ɫ磬һУգǴأǺֻһɫɫ
룬һߵĴ󶦣ܣվŴԼ֮࣬ÿ˶η壬ɪɪȴһɵֻСèһһҶ
Ϊڴ󶦵Ϸվһۣͷǽɫˡ
ȫ񶼳µĴ֮Уһű⻹ҪĿĽɫĳĹ켣ϵתš
ȻһЦѵõջԼʼնŴ󶦵Ŀ⣬̧ͷĳ򣬳ᵽ긫ɱҶ
Ļ£սڵһ֮ϣһɫ䣬ͬһͷ𷢵ˣעǰǸһϮ°ɫɮ۵ĺУĬĬĵ˵ͷ
ͬʱȻһׯϵڽɫ𣺡񣬻긫Ը㣬ǸУҵģ
ΪĽˣƺӹһĨɫĵģĳĵӣҲ˵ģͷԸ˺ǸУ
иһ̶۾һݷ˺ľ⣬֮ڷ׷
һֻֻͬͷȴӵĹֻͷȻ췢ֲͬ޺֮
һͷԴ֮ϣһɺͷԼ촽˫۾֮ɢһ̰֮ɫѸһ㣬Ѫ֮ͬ³֣ͷǣҵģ
һֻ޾統УǺ׵һ༫ΪŮӣ˸޳֣Լͣ˸ǷĵͷѩǸϣҵģ
ˮθǲ̫ˣϸ㻹пԭͷѩƺӦøҰɣ
ԭƽĺˮ֮УȻһŮ˵
һɱ˵ĺ֮Ȼˮȫ˱飡
ŮӵһɫĹâܸոնĺˮָ̻ԭ΢΢һЦ񣬲Ҫˣϵˮϵ֮ԶѣѵҶ
кβң
Ȼʱȴһͬ˵λãͷѩ͸ҰɣΣ
𣬶ʱˮһŮ˶֮ͣˮ¶һ˿ĵЦݵȻҪСȻá
Ҿлˣ
һƬĻ֮Уһ췢룬ðŻĿһоȻ³һ𻨵ʹˣϣҲҪˣһһǸ󷨵Сһ룬Ӧû˺ͷɣ
һĬߵ¶һ˿ЦݵʱͻȻһŲɣĴԸ㣬󷨵СһҪˣ
񡭡
ߵһ˿ŭͻ֮ȴεĵ˵ͷ
ڵΪҶٴνսʼͿеһĿꡣ


2017 ս
սڣҶ뿪Ѿʱ䣬ĳɱ¾֮ء
ּ⴫֮ʿ뵽˷֮Уÿһ˶ڽ߾ܵһ硪ƴȥ
ͬɳһ㣬ڣȻŵģ˵֮ͬжǿߣң˲пɱÿ˵ĶʯΪеļ֣ϵǰš
ȻҲҶֵܣĵˣ
𣡡
һ쳹Ǻ֮һд綼ڷҵĲ֮ϣһͷͨ峤ѪɫëľǣڻǰС
ǵһѪƣʵѪʲôѾ۳ʵʻɱ
ͷѪɫǵ󣬾Ȼĸϰֻͳޣ
еɣеĲһߣȸ
ȻЩ޳죬ǵϺУȴһ顪羴
ͷѪɫǵ׷ߣۼһһ磬ޣϹ˶׵˺Ƭ
ǵУͷѪɫǣǵĻʣԸһ粻ϵĴԽһ磬Ҳǲϵ׳
ԼЩ׷ǣǵȴԴһ˿ͣҲûų⣬ǸԼԼʼżᶨĲŷ绺ȥ

󷨣ɱҵͬ顣
һ֮УһʿָǰԶһΣĽţ󣬻ʮʿһɫɱ˸ĶǸӰ
󷨣һ곤߿з˲мЦ֮һ̷֮ɳʮſʯһƽضĿ磬ÿһʯͬһǶ˵ĳضλ֮С
ЩʯģǸͷβͷţƺʲôµˡ
Լϵһ縳룬ɫĵߣҵҪڵǰʲô˸Գƶ󷨣б£ʹ߳

һõͻȻ˵ǰһĨ⣬϶£Ȼ˻˹ȥ
ȻûзһԾɵͷڻߣۿĨͿҪԴʱ򣬺Ȼ̧ͷ
һƽϣȴһ˫Ϊƽ۾˫ۣǰһкȻǳңÿһǳȻԼٶȲϸıλã˶۾Ļ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻۻҡ
̧ͷһ˲䣬ۡһ촫ǸõӰȻһ̣ɢ˿УΧµǾʮſʯ˿̾ȻҲȫԶɵ˿УųһΣȻˡ
һĻʱǰʮʿǸڳԵߣȻסԷûжκεȻͽԼµĴ׻⣬ҸŵǣԶ뿪λ˻ƣ
Ȼ˻ڵ֮ڣ֮ڣ֮֮󣬵Ҷ֮壡
ԣԣˣˣ
߽֮У˼ǰȥ˫֮еЩǳȻԸѸٶȿʼ˲ϵƶ
ʱ˿̣һλʦܹ˫۾ĻԻһΪѾУǳÿһǳƶǲóһ󷨡
ǳͬʱƶ˲䲼ó֮
Ⱥ˾עˣԼǰһ̣û˸ҷһ
ֱ˵Ӱʧ֮˲ǳһȻǸߣ͵͵Ĩȥ˸ղŶͷ亹ٴԲмĿǵԭǸӣӣʵûʲôüƽϵģˣ
˵֮һ
ۣ
ߵͻȻըѪ꣬˷ĽȥҲӶˣ֧顣
ȫɵɵעߵû֪ʲô£߾ôġ
ȵЩĽѪ⣬ϵʱǲŶȻع뷢Ĳҽ֮ܲ˵˷˳ȥ
ۣ
ÿһ֮ǵͻĪը˲Ϣ֮䣬ʮʿѾȫֻһزȱѪ⣬Լ߸ͬڴ֮ϵĽӡ
ͬʱǵƽߵľͷĿ̺ǳȻڲŵĹˣȻ˵ͷˣɱɱ߲һɱΪɱֻɱǲɱ죬ɱ˵أɱ񣬰ﲻ


2018 
һСׯٶ໧˼ңǧˣǹճϢļȴƽӡ
Ȼû뵽֮ǰͻȻߣʱн˸Ⱦ߶ȥ˴
ǰһһϮ°ɫɮ۵УͻȻׯ֮УҲûʲôҩֻǼ򵥵ڻ֮˵ϻ£ʱñ֮ȬڵһɨգǰҪǿ׳˼֡
Ȼоͱд񵱳˻˻𣬺޲ý乩նĤݡ
ֻϧСׯ𣬻Ѿ˵ˣʮˣҪ뿪ˡ
Ȼﶼǳ˲ᣬȴҲ֪Ƿ׷״Ӽó߲ˣͷƣۼһҲ˵ķ֮⣬ȴΪλС
ڣȻ֣ΪһĿڵ֮˫ƽ͵ͻȻӹһ⡣
ң
֮£Լ˳ȥڴׯĴڣһͷ𷢵˾Ȼͣ˽Ųޱվ
űϢĴ֮͵ȺĴӿȥȻȴûǸеӰֻһĿڣϵĹڵϣһͣдʡ
峤۾ʵأ
ڵϵ꺺ӵˣ
ܰһֱſڣûп
ʦǻ𣬷ޱߣдͨ죬Ͻ£𣡡һϸ˴˴峤ĻȾ͹˵ϣֻϧ֪ķʲô

ȻǸֻСŮգգһ˫Ĵ۾˵ˣа
ԭаҿ£Ͱ𣡡
ǣеĴ⣬ȫ˵ϣÿ˶Ǵŷĵ׵ϣвšĸ֡
ڴׯ֮⣬Ǹ°ɫɮ۵УҲǰһĻ˫ֺʲһţתǰĽӣƽĵʩ磬Ϊ£
ӿڣ֮оȻһɷ֮긫
ɺŭĵҪĶҲܸ㣬ǻ긫У֮ֻʱ
ҪҲ˺㣬ɱ㣡
¶һ˿Цݣ磬ԭΪ˵ҳ֣ȻŻ߻긫
ӳĬȴ˵ˣ
ȻǽµĽ֮ǰȡ긫ǣֲ˺֮Уֻܲȡİ취ڰ󣬵ȴó긫ʱȻԼٳᡣ
ϧ̣Ϊ統УȻһֶûгеʱ䣬ھˣˣ
˵Ҳ֣ڰǲϵľ˺Ͱ˵Ĺ̵УҲʮֺ棬ȻͷβϸۿȲҲңҲΪʲôһֱԼԭ
ֻղţԳһ˿֮УЩŵһκ˶Ի
ųĬĽ΢΢һЦʩûз֣Ļ꣬ˣ
ʲôǻꣿ
εҡҡͷû˻꣬Ͳ㣬һԼĻ꣬ҿ԰㣡
ô֪ҵĻ궪ˣ
Ϊҿļ
˵ͬʱ˫֮кȻֳ޾ȻûĹâȴܹ͸˵ꡣ
ǷУȻ۸һķۣ
ܹı󣬶ܹȥ
Ҳǰ֮𽥽
ʱ˿̣˫֮УܹǰӵȻԾڣȴһɼΪĽɫϢɷϢҲȡꡣ
ɷϢİΪԷҪĽϵʥ긫ɢͬϢ޼᲻ݵĽ֮
㻹ܿļʲô
һűֵ棬ҿģ
ôһҵĻꣿ
ҿԿƵϵǹɷϢ
ʱԺ֮кȻһͬɱ߻긫˻긫ҾͿԳɹƳռĽϵʥʱᣬҲ
ৡһԭƽ˫ۣͻȻͱһĽ棬ԥŰ˹ȥ
ʱķ֮УܹĿ˷Ľ⣬ŽĻ֣ǰͺ̵˹
üͷһ壬ĵһֱǾڸղţǵϢһ£̾˸һ˭ڲٿȻܹٿǿĽϵ֮
ǿ󣬶ʱѾжûдսİӿһս⣬Цһһս


2019 ļ
ҶվһƬߵĴ֮ϣипǧԭΪԼ̤֮꣬սû뵽Լˣ
ʱ˿̣ħʹѾٴεĴΪֻЩĵϵˣӵд֮Ѫ˲ܽ룬ȻҶȻҲǳͨ˽˵ҶҲ֮ˣ
ȻҶҲĺˣôΪʲôħҪɱ
ȻħʹݵλߣǺôҲ֪֮䶼Ҫصһ׼򣬾κ񶼲ȥɱĵϵˣ
ôôȴĽַԣħ̼Ȼɱ¾֮ˣǶںڰĵϵˣȴǸҶһ
ȻħȻҶͬΪĳλĵϵ˶֣Լ
һΣλħʹԼ棬һֲʼ
ҶɨһλħʹҲϻٴνӻѪӣȻ۾ſʶʼ˷Ӷȥ
Ҷոս뵽սɲǣһΡ۹֮ϣȴ˼ͬʱ۾
ļá
ΪΪսڵ񣬶﷢һ飬ָƣǲܲҶĳ֡
һ̣鶼Լ̤֮ս֪֮ϲڱ£ȻԸΪԭ򣬶ֻΪ˼Ҷ
ֻϧսʱΪʵľ޴࣬޷Ҷ棬Ϊ֮ҶҲѾ뿪սٴεʧ֮ۡ
ڸܵǸԼǣƵӰٴ̤˷սأеļѾ޷ݡ
ৡһѾվ΢΢ţһȻϳ˼֮ɫ۵׵ȴһĨԥ
ڵ飬ѾǵǸǣ龫ֵļˣڷսеľԼڳΪ֮նܼķսɱҲ֪ĳɳ
䣬ҶѺֵǵĹע֮£ԼѾ֪ˣҶ֮䣬ǲĳһ㣬ǲݵľ档
ȻԼȴҲΪվһߣվҶĶ棬мҪҶȴֵļԼ֮ҶķӦͱ֡
һͬ۾£ԼõıĿ
ڻڱΪ֮ӵĵţͬĥµɵķâ
Դӳ׵ԼãǳΪ񣬶ǳΪĿ֮󣬲ĵͿʼչأʼݣսеǧԼľ磬ϣгһտԺһԷڽ£Ϊ
ǣʱѾΣʵȴǸû˿Ĵ֪ΪΪһյΪеЩ㣬ԼΪȫĶͣȫĺսһ
ǲһٴӶвԼĴڣֻҪһôһ޷
ģ±óĬԣг˻ںޣֻԼҲˣǣ飬۰ãϧãȴԼͬһ·
ǷеĴ㣬ȻڣҶͻȻ֣ȴȻϣһֽѵϣ
²֪ǰһΣλ飬ڿҶʱ򣬾Ǻڱͬ뷨

³һվѾź磬Ӳʵϣһ¶˷ĵЦݣԼõߣȥ
Ứ˸ԥŵ磬ңҲң
ûʲôҵģ˵ǻҲǶ㲻ģˬһЦң㲻ҼСĲ㣬˵дڣ
ԼϵЦݣ׼ŸȥҶʱһ˲ɣȻ˵Ժ֮𣺡սУѾʸٵλǰȥҵЩˣǽдڷϣΪȥ죬󣡡
ˣ
նȻҵһ޴ѷ컺֣ţһѷ֮зɳļö˳ȥ
ǵ꣬ǶֵǾ
ͬʱʮ֣׷ĴǵԺ֮С
ⷬʱ˻ûʲôرķӦǵЩֳ֮ɫ˲ͱò԰Ȼǿһ㣬ȴҲĿ¶𾪡
ΪЩ֮еĴǣ˵൱ϤңǱ˴֮䶼һͬˡҶ


2020 
ǾӲӣ֮£κʿΪ֮ķȴ¶ͿЦ֮ɫ
ڵѾ֪ȻȷǷ֮ãдڷϣھǺǩһԼһݳΪͬʱҲΪЩԼ
磬ô죿
¶һ˿ţԲȥʮˣǣȥĻôȴõģ֪ʲôֲĳͷ뵽Լڻ壬¶ΪԼõĿܵǣ
ãµ۵ٴһ˿ھΣȻ飬ȥЩˣʱ䣬ȥҶ¸Ҳа취
΢΢һе㲻⣬˵ԼӦȥҶΪʲôҪԼȥ
ӦǸ絣ԼһҶ֮ʱеΣԲҪԼȥ
ã
ӹǳķ׼뿪ʱ򣬺Ȼתٴοµ磬˵ܲ뿪ս
ܣ϶ܣ
³Լĵ˵ͷ͸ǰδеļᶨ
Ҳ¶һ˿ĵЦݣͬһ㣬硣
磬ʱ򣬱𣬱̫࡭
Ӻߺ߰仰֮Ѿɫ糺ĳ˳ȥ
ԼõıӰµֻиղǸĵЦݣҲͬ¶һ˿΢ЦһȻϢĳ̧һ˿̣صĺ֮ϡ
顱һһɴϮû뵽ԼĴ͵ϮԼûκεķֱԵڵأ˹ȥ
ԲãһжҵĴڣôֲˣ⣬ӦΨһܹ㣬ܹļҵĻˣ
¿з૵һУǾ»صУҲ߸ƮĴ֮£һƬ֮ʧ
ҶԾվԼϵĳӡ
磬ǾȻ뿪磬뵽硣
ʱ˿̣ڷսе統УܵҶǹͬһһ㣬ӹ
Ȼ֮УҶûκεİɱȴһȻϣиܵΪߵͣǴĵ׷һη壬һɳ羴
ߣֱӾѾĤȥ
ֻϧûлӦЩĤݣûκεط˿ͣһҴҵĹһ㣬ٵӹһһ硣
ܹ뵽磬Ҷ֣Ϊϴνսʱܹ֮⣬Ľ磬ˣȴǵ֪ˣԼΪн
ܹӿռ䣬⴩ڸ֮еһʥӵеġ
ڣҶһѾͬȫµ֮Ȼ»ָнӶҲǰ硣
ֻǷսеֹǧҪҵǣֱͬ롣
Уٶʵ̫ˣҶüҡͷȻ۾һˣļŹĽܣսбҪ񣬲ַܱսȶ۹صأʵҲƿս񣬲ֻĿܣȻôضѡһµ
ʱصҵκˣֻҪҵȻ취Ѱң
Ϣ϶ͬʿ˵ӦñȽϺң
֮ʱͬǱȫ˹㣬ȴһĹ㣬ɽޣҶǸ֮е֪ļ䣬Ҳ֪Ǹ㣬ֵİԵ۶ɣаһ˿Ĳд֮ꡣ
Ҷ׼תʼѰʱͫȻһɵĻɫ֮ͫԼǰǲʮ֮ͻȻ뿪ѷ죬Լ߳Ǹŵɣ֮ɫˡ
ģ£
Ҷе㲻Լ۾ŵǷϣϲҺˣȻǵڣǸ˿õ֮ӣļҵ£
Ҷ֣þòˣ
µɫƽһ߶Ҷ˵ͷһ߻ӦкȻԵ档
Ҷʱһ˿ӿ顣
ļãԿҶĺѣ˵һϲ£ǣҶЩļӿȴǻĻָƽ
Ϊ֪µʵţҲַʽԼǰ


2021 Է
Ҷ£ʱĹѣĻߴϣվ˴˶ӣȴ˭Ҳûп˵
֮󣬻Ҷ۾ˣԼԲѵϣһ˿ԼϸܵϢжʱ˲²⣺飬Ѿ𣿡
ǵģµ˵ͷƽ۵һ˿
ԼĲ²ⱻ֤ʵҶһʱ֮䲻֪˵ЩʲôΪѾ֪˳ΪĿɱ
ڣҶĿתôˣ
ƽҲ֮¶һ˿ЦݣΪҶ㻹ڹ飬Լôĵȴûȫɿա
һֻǣҴˣ
һĬ֮Ҷ̾˿ҵİɣ
ǣҲԲǣ»ָƽҪɵеһԸһս
ƽȴ飬Ҷݷ𿴵˵飬Ȼ֪ΪֱӵĽ֮
ǣûɱǵҪܵⱣΪ˷սȹ̣ԲɱһֻܱεԶսС
֣֪ѵ֮⣬ûİ취ֻҪܹæĵط־ֱԣҶȫԸ
ҶԲԼѴսֻҪһ˿ܣҪļýѳ
ȷʵҪæĵطǣǰᣬҪܷæʸ񣡡µͻȻʼɢһƣԽԽǿһսɣҶҵһ죬Ѿܾˣ
ƵĲһεķ籩֮γɣ񱩵ķҶͷ趯עƬ֮һͷԸ
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֮Ȼһ춯صţµ֮󣬾Ȼֳһɫľ죬ⰻȻ̵ҶڷÿһεĲ֮£һ⼤
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ļǿһսΪļұǾ壬ľԾƿ֮ܣ׵ľʶļҵսҲ׹Ϊ
Ȼɫ֮У֦ҶͬһſݏCһ޾Ľɫ׵磬Ҷֱȥ
ڶɽ֮ǰҶҲηµһУڣ嶼ٵ۶ɣٴ׵ƽ¡
˵֮⣬ؼκܹ֮֮࿹⣬ԣҶͬһ㣬޾κ׹
ĹƣҲǲ㲻ݺݵԼϡ
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׵ըɫĵʣͬ츲һ㣬һɹɺƵеȫɼĹ˵棬궼ڷҵĲĤɿֲ
µԵһ⣬ΪܹȻҶ׵ƻУǷǵˣ֦Ҷ֮׵֮Ȼȫӿȥ
׵磬ҶȻǲƷһ㣡
Ҳʹ֮˲׹ҶȻη¼κ֮¶һ˿ЦȴһսҧԲˣ
һԲ֮ұ棬ĴȻɢһɹӿ֮У֮ϣ̼ǧͬ˿ϸߴ
ԭҪԼļݣҶһʽĽ֣Ҷηκ֮ļս֮ΪԵѾˡ
ǣӵǿ˵ʵڲ䣬ò֮
֮ԼԣҪڶҶ˵Բ
Ҷת䣬еĿɬû˿֮ɫƽĵͷ޷
ǧϸߣȻҶϯҶ˫֮УܹĿһϸߣʵ϶һַ֮
Ϊƿܹ⶯һУǧ
֮ǿֲģԶԶʿκսҶǰõԪͼô˿̣Ӳ֮⣬Ҳ
ҲԲˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦڶȻһʹâ˲Ŵͬǧ֮Ԫͼ
ǧ˿أԪͼǵأ
䣡
ǧ˿ƮƮԪͼ֮УȴΪ̮֮ľ޴֮
һ̣ԪͼʹâǣԲʮ֮ڣһ˿ͬһʹâ֯һ𣬲Ƴһķ֮


2022 סĳŵ
ǧ֮ĴײּսѾԽʿľ磬ȫΪ֮սˡ
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ͻȻһľԪͼϿմϵз֮ʼըĹ꣬˷
ÿһι꣬һ֮ųĿĹâи̺ſֲͬ׹䣬Ŀռһȫ˺ѡ
ѣһɿ񱩵һƬޱߵը޾Σ̼ϯƬء
֮ǰһ㣬û˿ĵֿ֮ۿžҪ޾θӿû
ͷųԼȫ֮µɫе԰ףһ̣֮ܵٵĺƽ٣ȴһҧȻʧ֮ϣ˫ſһȵͷŶ
ΧЩ˷Ĺ㣬̱ٿأת򣬷׷³˹
һĻҶ¶ЦݣһУԪͼǱѰʹâٴͬͷųһʼ޾ꡣ
Ȼ˶ɱֹ֮齻֣дд裬ǾԲΪԼ˵Ľ֣޹ܵκεǣ
һ㣬Ǹ߸ϣϣݽŸ
ˣҶЦˣ֪ȻΪȴԾǸ߰ģκ˵ͷĵţ
˵ĺ֮£ܱŷȥķ꣬ȫ£˻ԭҪȫ磬Ҳ»ָƽȻҲƽĻ
վڿУһЦȻ󼸺ͬʱڣˣ
µ䣬Ϊ˸֮Ҷ䣬Ϊ˼Ԫͼ
ʱ˿̣Ƕ˵ӮѾҪˡ
΢΢һЦ´λлᣬսһΣ
Ҷصһͷ϶лģ
Ҷ֣棡
¾ͽҪʼ˵˳Ҷ֮УȻԼĺѺֵܣɫ
Ҷ֣õݣӦѾ֪Ȼ޷񣬵ģҲԲȥǵ߹Ϳܣ
ţ
ҶţŬ˼ţûʲôܹö˴ӵǰĴ֮нѳ
Ҷ֣ղ˵Ҫæ
˵
£һ£չ˺ҵãڶ£ҪļҲ֮
˵£ҶжȻӹһ˿õԤУȻ̧ͷµ֣Ҫʲô
Ȼʱ˿̣µ֣Ѿ˻ԲѵĶͷ֮ϣ¶֮ɫԼõΪҵ˽ܵǣڣҪֲҷµĴ󣡡
֮֮λ
£嶸ȻһһĹ㣬֮Уͬһ㣬εüģȻ˳µƣµڣ
ʱö˵϶¶һʹ֮ɫµȴ¶һ˿Ѱĳ죬ǴЦҶҶ֣곢ԵķҺ飬ͬʱΪ񣬲ܳƿսڣҽڵգһͻָԭӣ
Ҷһ𣬼µĴ㣬ԭܳܵھȻһ˳ܣǽ˵
֡
˵꣬ʱ䲻ˣ¼ŭŵѾǵ꣬ȻҲܵˣпʧȥһμ䣬ΪҲ䵽ĻԣҶӦңչ˺ܵ˿˺
˵ͬʱµѾͬƤһ㣬ʼı¶·֮Ƥ֮ϣһ˸֮£Ѫܺ͹ͷͻ˼£٣Ѿͻ
ʱ˿̣Ѿȫǰòǿ壬óªޱȣһһ㣡
ҶٴͷصĵңӦ
ǾͺãǾͺãݷеһʯͷӿг³һȻӲ˺ܵĿ
˫Ѿȫͻۿ˫ۣڿʱȴԾһ˿۰УѹңǾͲҪйҵˣȻǵңҲҪˣ˵ұˣҲ̫ѹ
ʱһŹҲӿ뵽µڣȻƣͬʱһɫľһӵҶǰ˻ŵҶǵĳŵȻ˶Ź㣡
£µӰȻʧһ˵統УȻһ춯صľ죡


2023 
ĳֱըʵ̫ǿΧ磬ɱը֮·˾ҵ𵴣Ҷڵ磬оһ˿𵴻ǲҲͽ˶ѡ
ûκֱը֮ܵκε˺
ҶĬĬעűըķԺиֳǼε״̬ûȥۿҲû׷ȥֻǱųĬ
ֱһжָƽв¶˲Ŀ⣬΢ŵǣǵծֶһʣ
̯ƣҶԼнŵǾɫǿ
ᣬӦþеˣ
ҶҪ򿪣Ȼκικ䶼ãֻܷ뷨תսԼ֮С
ǿ֮УķսϸͼλãԼ˴֮ӵ󷨣ڶ֮УżرѪɫע磬Ҷ֪⼸磬Щ֮˵ڡ
һУȻ͸Ҷһ
Ҷ֪ʵ±Ҷֵ֮ģǣԼ֮ΪҶɱԼӶҶ֮ϵĹ֣ԣķʽԼ˳
£ԾǸ߰ĵļңȽȽһ£
սеҶٴζʧķ򣬳֣ģҶĳӦ飬ֻҪҶĳһڣһ
ţ
ȻҶæתߵߣϤӣҶȴӿһɱˡ
֪һԼ׸θйµ飬ֻԣڡ
ʱǳĽë˶۾峺ͬεĺˮһ㣬ƽĿҶա
ģ飡
ҶڣƽϺȻҲӿ˱ˣж䣬૵ĵҶ磬ңһܳΣˣҺһҪˣ
仰Ҷ͵һ飬֪˭
֪ɫ˵ͷ
˵һҪˣô£
Ҳ֪Ҷ磬ҵĺۺۣǿҵĸоҶһ˵Ҫˣǣ벻ˣ˭
Ѿ޳һ飬ҶҲڳ鴤š
ǰ¾͵ģڵߣпʧ䣬Ȼ˭Ҳûϵȷʧˣƫƫʧȥģйµļ䣡
ڤڤ֮һ˫֣ڱ֯һΪ컯Ķ׽Ūһʻǡ
Ҷ磬ܱ𣿡
дЦЦᣬдűˣ
ҶɫѾָƽĵ˵ͷֽ§ԼĻҲԥ˫֣ȫ§סҶ
ӵûŮ֮飬еֻŨŨͬðꡣ
ȻҶ֪ϲԼԼȴʼս鵱һǰǣǣԺǡ
ˣôԼµĽɫΪԶչ飬չļҵǸˡ
Ҷ磬˸ܳܳΣһֱ㣬ϧˣˣˣˣ·ҶҲ㣬ʺǣʰ˳ѩ裬ɣҹÿһʶˣ˭Ҳ֪
齫ͷҶĻôſǻ϶ԼġΡ˵ĺҺң˵״ΣȴҪ˵Ϊһͣǹ˺Ѱʹͻ޷ܡ
ҵߣиҪˣʼңǣ벻˭ڣˣͻȻоҪûˣûˣԶ뿪ˣҶ磬Һ֪˭ܰҵ𣿡
Ҷĵ֪˭ҵһѣҲһѣֳһչ㣬㣬΢ĺǻ㡣
ΪʲôҪ뿪ң
ΪиҪҪ
Ҷ磬ܸ˵˵Ҳ֪ΪʲôҺ
ȻԣһˣҲ޷ĨȥǷݹĽϡ
Ҷ˵У齥İȵҶ͵ʱ򣬷Ѿ˯ˡ
ϵδɣ΢΢ǣȴһɷĵ׵΢ЦƺУٴμǸˣǸʼհסˡ
Ҷһļ§飬ϵƽΪ̧ͷգĵ㣬Գˣ


2024 ɱɱ
֮гһ޴ķ϶һ˴˳Ӣϴº͵ЦݣҶʦ֣顣
ĿɨһҶг˯ȥ飬һĹâȻջĿ⣬Ҷ
Ϊʲôˣ
֮󲻾ãҶ͸оĳ֣ǸʱûжľȥҲȻʼûд֮߳ƺڸԼοʱ䡣
ЦŵǲӦôģǣΪ뵽˷սǵļƻòǰʵʩұ֪ͨ㣡
֪ͨʲôҶ䣬ȻҲԼжĺޣûԼô뵽ֺޣȴò顣
ȴȫҶ̬ȣƽĵӦ֪ˣսѡʵĲƷĵطÿһǿеʿΪǵĲƷΪǼȥεķսȻΪ·ļòʱܽĳֱ֣ٴѾ޷ȴһսĵǼʼӶǿе
ϢҶʵѾ뵽ˣͬõʹһÿһλΪ·ΪԼŸָ׼ĳЩ棬ǸΪսսͬʱִɡ
Ҷ¶һ˿Цһ£㿴еĲƷ˭
ƺûϵҶʳһ⣬۵Ȼӹһ˿ˣת˲ţҡҡͷʦܣһΣΣɱɱң
Ҷüͷ𣬵Ǻܿչĵ㻹ûǵңȻɱ㣡
̾˿λᣬ㶼ҪҲûеλˣ
飬㣬㵱̺еǶμ䵽ô£ǸˣǲǣѪۡ棿
ҶԶ޷Ѫ˫Ѫ˼µʵ޷ܣһ˾һ𣬾Ȼô񶾵ˣ
Ҳ֪شļΪɴࣺҺ̼йһν֣֮ҵн뵽꣬μ䣬Ҳ֪ѪһźѪǧ˿ƵϵҾͽμ˳Ѫ۵ѪУҾͽμ㿴ԭҲ֪
̼òΪʲôڵòȫͬ
ɣº͵Ц֮жһɳͲмΪӳԼ֮⣬ӵкԼͬѪˣҲһֲķ
ⷬҶжȻըһףƽ¶һ˿𾪣˫ҲԲ˼£ѿڶ֮ӣ
Ҷ֮ͷӦԵ÷ǳοͷǵģ֮ӣӵ֮ѪˣᱻΪ֮ӣ֮ӣõĲƷ
ҶѾ뵽׿˵Ծɾеţ
Ȼ֪ΪϣΪԼԲϧһдۣû뵽Ȼ֮ӣҲһ޴ƭ֣
֮ӣݴܹ̳λˣȻʵϣǲѵĲƷ
𣺡ֱȻܹҲкܶัãòҲ֮仯ɱӣĸãǻӵбм䣡
˵ʱҶΪ̫𾪣ûע⵽һ˿ɻãĲ
Ҷˣ̼ò仯ԭ򣬲Ҳǳ˷ŭǣϣ̬ӱĵʵĿʲôģ
ҵһЩʱҪ
ҶվԭسĬƬ̲żڵ㻹𣿡
ͷϾҪĹˣҸһЩйܡ
ʵȻ߸ϣҲܣ񣬾Ƕĳַ֮ƿص˼ºﵽһ־磬֮ʵҲȫͬͬǿ֮֡
ǿΪ񣡾˵յľдķ֮Ϊأֱڣûκ˿ʵĿ֪ʵݣڵʱ䣬Ѿ̫̫ˣѪ۶ͬʱˣ
ҲиԵͨʵѪһŲİ֪ĿǰΪֹϾŴ֮⣬ˣ񽻹֣ҼǵģǶʦ֣ڣͽһս


2025 ֮
ʦֺͽ񽻹֣
ҶԺиֳԼʦֵӰǸ۳ʽеģǽԽԼ⣬ǸʤѩڷģŽأʼմһ˿֮ȥԥĿӣ
֣ϧδۿֻ֪ʦˣȻĻڵĽ񣬾Ƕʦˡ
ʦˣ
Ҷе޷ʵܹʦȫԻصǿģ˵䲻ТĻ¾ʦħ죬ƾ轣裬ҲһǶʦֵĶ֣ȻȻ˽ǽǿʲôز
˵ģƺʲô飡
Ҳ¶һ˿֮ɫļǵãԼΪ֮󣬾뷽跨ȥ̽ԼѪһŵλʦֺʦϢû뵽ĿоȻ֪˶ʦֺͽ񽻹֡
ȻʦˣֻҪᵽʦֵ֣ۿһսж¶ĵ׵һ˿ͺ;壬෴ڽȴִܲ˵ʦֿ϶Ϊʵжܵģ
ֻϧԼô̽ѰҲ޷ʦܵԭ
ڶʦֵ䣬Ҳ޴Ӳң˼һ
ʦȻϳֹʦÿԼϣȥ׷Щյõ˶һա
УôЩ֮£
ͻȻüͷһ壬оһϵ˿׷֮ɫ˲ʧָº͵ЦݣֻЦݵıԳ˺⡣
֮սУ񣬰ǿĵ񣬶޷ǰֻǷ֮ԸЩһǲϣЩУֻȡϣܰסĶսʵһõĻᣬȻĻϷҲͲˣ
ҶȻѣѿʵʲôϷ
ϵЦݸŨˣֻЦݵı͸¶ĲǺǷ˫֮УǸֳѪܵͷǣҲϣ׳ýİ취ɱеĲƷǺѣҪǣͱҪҵǰҵǣ
ô˵ұϾʦ֣Ҹʱ䣬һȥɱЩ޹صˣ֮ҾҪȥɱˣСʦܣ˭ٶȸ죬ס֮Һ֮Ϸʽʼ
֮΢΢һЦ߿ռԶѿҲ˽ȥ
ң
ҶжȻһŭ˲ϻбŵ飬Ѿһ̤ȭݺݵ˹ȥ
ǣվһҶһȭֻѾϵĿ֮ϡ
飬Ҷҵѣһɱ㣡
Ҹλᣬ㣬ûлˣ
飡
Ҷ췢һŭֱضȴѾ뿪ˡ
飬ʱίˣ
Ҷһָü֮ϣεĻ˯ٽ֮УȻæ͸ʼɿڷеĸ磬ѰԼѺֵǵ䡣
ղ̬ı仯ҶĸоĵûƭԼ׼ҪԼ֣
ҶԲԼκεΣգʱ䣬ֶ룬ҵԼѡ
ڣҶһεʹԼΪʲôԼλᣬԼɱԼȴû֣
ΪԼֵ
ȻǱסԼʦ飬ȴҪԼܵ޴ΣգһУֵ
Ҷ֮зٵĴ󣬺ܿ˾Լһк磬һӿзü뿪һгһʮĽɫ
Ҷһͷ֮ϣķʥȻõĻκεΣա
һХֱӳ磬ʼнȥѰҶɢڸһһѺֵܣ
ͬʱУǸָı統Уڴ˲֪֮õľ޽֮վ֮Ҳ֮
Զ𽥱ñ䣬˫۾ȻԻʽȫͬıĵҶˣ
Ǵ嫵ǿ֮УǺɫӰ񣬺ȻһƵĳ̾ĵ飬ǲΪҲɱ㣿
֮󣬵һ̾ˣˣɣҶǸˣ飬񣡡
ҳһµ񣬻Ǹɴսɢأ
ͷȥԼġ
һŰɫ壬ȻһסˣԾڷӿһĲ꣡


2026 ֮
һ磬еĵط֣дˮУϻʪյĸо
ɳԶָо統УϵתԼΧ
ȻмģΪɳѵһţɳԶССͣΪѾﵽ˵ؾսеʱʵǰٳ߸ͷһѾ۷壬ֻа벽֮ң
ɳԶĵ
սǸݲͬľѡĻ֮ڣҾ޵еģȻ֮Уؽҵһϯ֮أ
ɳԶһ߻ߣѰеĴһð뵽̲סҪЦĵ뷨
ȻɳԶĽŲͣΪǰԶ֮УһʵӰ
սģϰʱ޿̵սʱرߵľ裬ҲκεĶ֣ԣܻڣҲԼĸӾԶ
ɳԶ˫ָһɳи֣ҷ·޾һ㣬ܿ۳˰ߵɳѡ
ϣȴɫʵǰλѣ
񣡡
򵥵֣ǰǸʵӰ֮дѹܹɲİȻɳԶ岻ķ˲ϥ˵ϡ
ɳԶҲ޷ϵƽ¶𾪺;֮ɫ˫вϸֵɳӾȻҲ֮£ֹͣ˳֡
񣿡ɳԶظһ֡
ڷսеı֣ñǳ⣬ʸΪԱǰԲΪ񣡡
ɳԶϵľֶʱΪ仰ɢȡ֮ޱߵ˷ܣ˿ɶԷݣΪѹֻͷų
ˣ뵽ԼȻУǰԼΪⲻԼԸ
ԸȻľҪʵˡ
࣬л񣡡
ɳԶŹϣ˫ϥأԶʵӰİȥ
ϧδܹ֮УǸߣͬһ㲼Ƶ¶һ˿ЦݣɿݵͷԼͬʯһɬ촽дͬ˷ܡ
ߣң񣡡
ǣ
ɳԶоԼϵѹȻʧ̬վϹϾĳӰȥ
׵ľ룬ת˲ţۿҪߵǰʱͻȻһ˷ŭŭͬը죺飬ң
ʲôҵģ
ɳԶһӢ˵ϴº͵ЦݣעԼ
ҲⱲһ棬Ϊһ̣оԼ֮УһɹɵĶǾ̵ĺˮһ㣬ӿȥ
һɹɵĶԼлŵ߱ġ
飬Ҫɱ㣡
ĿԼѡõϵȵĲƷȻһɱŭ˼£Ъ˹һ
ޱȻһˣ˷֮⣬ϯȥ
ؿʼһһɣǧɣɵľ޴ѷ죬ĳ˵֮ϡ
֮²Щϳֵѷ֮Уۿţ磬ķŭ֮¶ױ
񣬷ŭɣɱɣԽ࣬ҾԽкô֮оȻЦ⣬ƺǷĵĸеˣ
飡
ͻȻ֣ռʱֱ֦ͬҲգֱӳǰ
ϵЦݲоǸûпֱֻһֻǵĿʵ𣿡
һ仰ǼƣӲֹͣ˿Уʱ˿̣ͻȻܳĴ˵
˵ǰǸӵд֮ˣǶӣޣǷ˵ʱ򣬾Ϊ˱ӣϧһս٣Ǻ֪ʲô飬ȫˣʼɱˣɱĵһˣȻӣ
ɱԼ֮ʵȻͻͽӭ٣٣˫մӵѪЦƾȻԶɢƺηһ
Ӵ֮鿪ʼɱ䣬ɱԼ֮ȥɱԼĸĸеˣȻѣ֮ɱԼʶÿһˣ
ûˣȡ֮飬֮䣬ֽ̬ɱ¾֮£ʵҲͬͻͽֱ˵ڵԳ棬Ϊ񣡡
죬ĵһ£ȻҪɱȻûɱɣȴλʮС
ɱ񣬿ȺӣӴ֮֮쳹磡


2027 Լ
ȥ֣˻Ȼһ񣬴ʱҲԶԶ˵еλ񣬵ԽҲԽ
俴ͬһŭŵЦݣǴĵһɾ⣬֪鳣ЦЦԽɱҲԽء
飬ţҪȥ¸ߵҾͲţλŹ㣡
ݺݵĶ仰֮һ˺ռ䣬һʧ٣ȻЦݣ̧ͷգĵʵҲܺ棬׻᲻Źң
һЦŵСʦܣҵ˼ˣǵϷϾҪʼŶ
ҡҡͷӰҲ֮ʧ
ʱ䣬ڷսеĸ֮УɳԶ飬ʱ޿̶ڷ
гʮеʿ׼ɣΪԼʱ鶼һ֣ʿɱƻ̡
ȻҲ̲ס֣Ľǵķ׵ıɱ
Ҳ񣬶ηԽԽΪ񣬲ʮļһʵǿ˺ֵز
ͬʱҲڣſڣΧԽԽ
ԼԸ飬ֻ棬Ϊƿд֮ĵϵǿߡ
Ȼ֮УʼϢжǰֹĵ죬ͶԵ֣Ǵ󲻾֮ʱĵȻûɱɱ񣬵ûжʲôͷ赭дĽ½ҹ
ǣ֮һ˵Ǿ͵֮䣬϶ĳֲΪ֪ĹϵҲǵĶӣҲǵĵϵˣ˵飬Ҳǵͽܡ
ڷս˴֣ƻļƻȻɲǣǸ˵ˣݰ飿
߰ɣӣɲˣλǲھȥ飬ɱı𣡡
̲סڵ
һĬ֮ܿõͬ⣬ȻǵǵĶ֣ôͬʱ֣ǵҲһǶˣ˵ˡ
ȻȺ׼뿪ʱ򣬰ĵ֮УͻȻ˵ǲɣǣҪʲô
񣡡
һٿȻ֮ȫת磬ԥһ£׳ŵӽй˵˳
񣬷սĻᣬ龹Ȼǵƣ£һҪһ˵
һݵĳĬ֮󣬵ǳ˲ɣٴ𣺡һһ˵ڣ
ʲôʱ򣿡
ս֮ʱڴ֮ǰǲҪ飬Ҷ
˵仰֮󣬵Ҳ𣬶ĬĬһ֮ȻŲʣ˭ҲΥֻת뿪
ʱص֮ǰ
Ҷ뿪֮̾ʹѰҵ˾Լһбǵ磬µԼѡ
Էǧ֮⣬Ưͬһ磬ԼǸ֮е˭ʱ
û뵽ɢӹһʱͻȻоһϤ
һԴϤ
оϤҶ΢΢һΪµıʾǸвûԼκѣԼĸоȴǿҡ
ôãǸ統Уһң
˵仰ʱҶԼ޷ţüͷȫšһ𣬿ʵĸо
Ǹ統УҲһҶ
ҶӹȥٴλصǸ磬һΣŻٶȣԸϸķʽ̽硣
ǣһĻĻ𺳵Ļ棬Ҷ֮УЩ棬ҶɫüΪĹŹ֣Լһ˿˿𾪣
ȷǸ統пԼҲһǺܶ
һԼĵ
Ʈڷ裬ɫƽ˫ָԶ
Щ񣬿ǳܹɽ֣֣֮ȫĽҶʱ˳
һһᱮһǸĸطһȻгɰǧ֮࣡
ϣѩɽϣԭУĮϡ
֮ҶܿԼĵ񣬶е𾪵ǣԼӹЩʱܹĸоһԼĵ֮УȻᴫһڹǣЩĶǻһ
磬ҿ϶ûôôҵĵֹô£
ҶȻһĽ½һֱӳ޾ԶһĭҶԼȴһԼ統У


2028 
֮ǿһַбȫһʵԼʶ˼ܹԼȫͬһʱ䣬ͨϵݸ
൱ڱһΨһǣҶ˵Ļ֮߱һǿ˫
Ͼֻһ꣬ͬʱٺ϶ΪһôʵĽıһģһ
ΪûʱԵ󣬵ǶԼ磬ֳ˺棬Ҷ÷ǰѰԼѣȥһ̽
֮⣬ʵͬԺ͵ڰĸ࿹⣬ҲõĻʲô⡣
Ҷ̤ͬʱһָоǾԼ磬ΪУԼк˷սĻʵõһ˿
ֻһ˿ʵҶľ磬һ˿ʵܿܳΪʤĹؼ
ҲҶӵĸе֣ΪûУҶլԼ֮УҲûĸо
ɻҶֱӾԼһ֮ǰ
ղŴӿӹĲǺϸҶվڵ֮ǰȻֲһ
ƺԴֹͨӵǿңҶִԼԼ
񲢲ߣֻʮңΪ߱˺ҶһƣԳΪ߹ҶģȻκվڵ֮ǰܸܵһͬһѹ
󵨣Ǻˣȥ
ȻŭմţһһӰϵĴ˷֣һһХ
ҶעȻЩϣܣгʿԼ
Щʿľ粢ߣߵĲŴﵽ˳͵鳾ֻǣЩİʿҶУȻһ˿С
ҶףԼĵЩʿ϶йϵֻһԼĵôԲ²⣬ӦԼ»жĳˣ磬ҶΪ˸мԼŽԼĵ
ͬڣΪ͵СһλΪɵߣΪ˸мԼǵĺ֮ϣһԼĵ
ֻǣʱۣǳƽ֮ǣӦѾˡ
뵽£ҶٴδݺݵĴʹȥ룬񣬲ɫվԼĵ֮ǰ
ڣǽʿ嵽ҶǰһŭǵǿҶĳ֮ȴһҲ˵ȫ
ֱһλﵽ˳ص߼ŵһˣ
ߵ¶˿ϲܵǽʿҲͬˡ
һʿȫ˵ϣ̬ޱȹޱϵѪӣݼ
Ѫ
ϤҶȻٴסԼڻ֮пɣѪһš
սе統УôҲѪĴڣңЩˣ֪ԼѪģ
ң˭ｨѪ
Ҷһӣһͬ͵һʵչ¶ЩʿϵĹ֮ɫŨ
Ȼλ߿ڵѪһĵӣǰ
ܣɣ
֣Ҷкܾ֮ǰļ䣬ҶҵĺɽҲԼ̿ĵط
һĺӣź䲻ƵĴݣվԼǰдһ˿羴ĿԼ
ʦ𣿡
ɣʲôɣ
ҳȥĸɵģҸôشʦûб˼ֻ뱨ʦʦɷ󣡡
ɣ˵ĻҲμסɣѪӽ쿪ʼѪһŵĵӣһ죬ˣôҪңѪһŴȥסѪһŵҪƷ죬ҵŵ桪ħ죡
ʦɼסˣֻҪͽѪһž
ҶоȻһǲǵ֮ˮγɡ
ζԻǵԼͽ˵һΪľϣԼͽܹѪһŴȥ
û뵽ɣԼû̵ĵӣĽλεļԼʵжλʵ
統УѪһžǴﲥȥӣѾ׳ɳӵˣҶǴ࣬ս죬飬һɵˣ
ǸעҶı仯̲סٴοڵǰ˵ҪѪһţͬɽҰʻһǧ磬ԶԶȥ㣡


2029 Ĥ
һƽ統Уһͬһյɽ壬˿̣൱ĵһɽ֮У
һߴɵĴ󶦣ڷɽȵУڣ۴ϸľ㣬紵ųŻǣӵʢ
󶦵ǰһʮߵĵҶӡ
󶦵ĺ棬վʿΪ֮һˣһѪɫɫ㣬֮͸¶һһǰļ֮ɫü֮һɫӡǣһͼһ
ĬĬעỴ̂Ȼ޴ĵ񣬡ͨһ˫ϥأʦɽڴ˲罨Ѫһţ
ʿ˹ڵأÿ˶ǴűϹϾ֮ɫ
ǰΪɵ˵ʵѾ̾ΪֹԶԶǵʦʵ֮ߣ붼޷ȥ롣
Ҳǵг˼˷ܣ˭һǿɣһǿأ
ߵ֮վٴע˻Ҷĵ֮ת˵ӽԺǾѪһŵĵӣסѪһŵԶֻһˣҵʦֽҶͷɶϣѪɶܵѪһŲס𣡡
Ӽסˣֱͬʡ
ĬĬĵ˵ͷתٴעʦĵʦһֱѰ䣬׷ټֱԾţʦԷģӲûķԸܹ߹һǧʮĸ磬֮ڶѪһţĵֻҪЩ磬һܷ֣
ϽսڣѪһŵѾﵽһǧİʮȻֻǿʼӻȥѪһÿһ統УԶԶĴȥ
˵仰֮ɱ˫ֻԶС
˿ϤҶˣɵӰĻԻ˽䵱ҶһѪɫһĺڷ裬һ׿
ΨһͬǣɵԼɼϵ
һѾڰ֮⣬ֻʣһС㣬׵Ĵ˵ǰʧ

ҶעԼĵ̼佫Լĵȫǣһ֮Ѫһŵĸ֮УѪһŵͳ˰ٸ
Ҫһ֮һ֮нٸɣӵʵҲܹĺͼ֡
Ҷ֪Լ϶
ȻȴˣǾѵͼ֣ˡ
ɣ
Ҷٴ߶Լͽ֣ܵǧĸп
ĿջأǰЩϴ羴֮ɫʿǣѾǵУûкѪκι֮ǺԼĹϢϢء
ҶٴοЦԼ˴ڸս֮⣬ȷûдκеĹȫԼѵһĴ
ΪʲôԼЩʿϸоһ˿أ
Ҷλеǰ뿴ļ䣡
㣡
߸֪Ҷβ鿴Լļ䣬ǴڶҶĳ羴Ȼ˿Ŀܡ
Ҷͷɨߵ꣬ļ䡣
һݣ
ǧʿÿضҪλߵĴ£ҶĤΣ
ÿļӣ񽨳֮գѪ֮գǧʿҪڵǰĤһ졣
ÿһεĤݣҶߵļУÿһʿǷĵĳ羴ϡ
Լÿһʿü֮һ˿޵壬һ˿һӿҶĵ֮С
ҲΪĤݣվ֮£ЩԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨݷΪһҶڿʱݷ𿴼Լ
Ȼ֮ҶԵ񣬻ЩûѪʿеУԭЩ塣
ʲô壿
ҶüͷûмЩ壬ȻҲ벻ͨǾʲô
УһҪŪ徿ʲô
ҶջڴԵȣ
仰֮ҶѾʧͳͨʱǽʿϵĳ羴֮ɫŨ߸ǻͷ˴ʲôϽеȫټĤݴǰ
ʱ֮ڴ˵غȻ;ۼǧʿÿ˶֮ɫĶҶĵĤȥ
һ˿˿壬ǵü֮ǰĵ֮У˫ȫʯͷ̶ɵ۾֮УȻҲһ˿˿Ĺâͬӵһ㡣


2030 Դ
Ҷ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ߱ĵĵطǿϢЩʿǵļ䡣
ÿһڣѪһţеӵ٣ǧˣٵҲа¡
ܺδЩӶҶĵ񣬶״򲻶ÿĤΡ
һʿļ֮Уһ羴ףһ˿˿ÿü֮ӿ޵塣
ҶԾɲ֪ʲôʩչͨʿļǰпԼͽɵӰԼѪԼĹ̡
һȺʿɫҰףǵǰʮͷֲ޻ƣۿҪɥڴˣؼʱ̣ɺȻ֣Ծʵ׽ɱޣҴȺʿǰֱԲһΧ֮ڣвȫɱ
̵УЩ׷ɵʿǣϵ𾪵壬ٵ羴ǿȡ
ʱ̴ѪһţҶĻ˽
һȺˣɫҰףںڰʪĵ֮УΪĳɣ⵽֣֮ʱɴǾȳһ֮ɡ
ȻѪһŴҶĵ𣬶Щ˶ɣڵ񣬶ŨŨĳ羴֮ɫ
ҶϸЩʿеļ䣬֪ɴѪһŵĹ̺ͷ
ÿһطҵЩݾһȺˣȻǴӾ;֮ȳȫµ
Щ˵˾ĸԸ׷׷Ѫһţ׷涼ûмҶ
˵ԸĻЩκε飬׳
ȻͬԼΪЩĤݵĶ󣬽񻻳ԼûôǽеĹͶ͸ҶʲôûҶƽ׵ܵЩ˵ĳ羴
뵽ʱҶжȻ뵽һнеߡߣ
з𷨣꣬Ը·Ϊżÿһ߶ԼΪڷʹߣ£ն𷨣ȿѣӶ÷ΪϵĴڣһһķ
ڣɵЩߺƣԴͨȿѣֻĲǷ𷨣ѪһţĲǷ𣬶ʦҶ
֮
ҲԽͬ꣬ÿһ߶ڷϵЩ۳ɵԼӳֵ֮ϣ׳ͬʱԼҲԴϼȡศɡ
ҲĳЩ׷ķ֮һ
ҶԼڻʱΪ˾ȰðսǸӵϺУ֮ԸԼˡ
Լ֪ǷҶ˽ͣԺԼ֪֮ĴڣҲʶ֮ǿ
ҶһĤԼʿǣǵü֮ӿһ˿˿޵壬Ǹ֮
û뵽һ죬ҶȻҲӵͽҲӵ֮
ŪԴ֮Ҷһʱĵ֮϶һ𶯣˫֮иðһƽ⡣
ֻҪ룬Щӳڵ֮ϵ֮ͻȫΪãҶ۾ͬųѹһã֮ʵõΪҶе֮
ɣ治֪εĸл㣡
ֻǵļҶĳŵҪѪһŴȥҲû뵽뵽Ĵеİ취Ȼ֮иҶ۳֮
ҲһѪһ֮޼һǧ磬һѪһţǧ߸Ѫӵ֮ȫһĻǾһ˭ҲӴ
ڣҶ֪Ĵ٣ò˶ͻʶͽľ޴ϲ
սʱ䣬ô֮ʱٳ㣬ﵽ꣬ǧ֮꣬εӴ󣿡
ЩνķǽٳΪǵķѾ൱ʱˣǵҲǼ࣬ôǴյ֮ﵽ˺̶ֳȣ
ҡҡͷҶջԼ˼ٴοԼһкȻðֵ뷨һ죬ˣڣ֮Ҳʼۣôǧ꣬ʮĻЩ֮У᲻ĵһȫµأ


2031 
Ҷ΢һ֮󣬺Ȼλζ䣬֮ϣǿһΪΪģķΪˣֱֳݣ뵽Ѫӵ֮С
ҶѪΪѪӣҵ󣡡
ȻɰҶѪһŵӣôҶȻҲľ޳ջһУҪԼжΪȣܹӵ׳ɳ
õİ취ȻΪЩѪǽ
ȻҶΪԼʵжǿ󣬵ǸЩʿȴǴ´࣬ʮĸԼߵݣЩ˴һȫһȫµ֮š
ѪӣͬʱҶ˷֮࣬ϵĳ羴֮ɫҲǸŨȻǱͶصƣҶĵĤݣӶ֮ҲӵŨ
ҶרĽ֮ʣķȻ뵽һ±ʾ磡
ֻǷսǧеһûʲô֮Ȼ죬ȴǼΪ֣·ʿ׷̤˽磬Ϊľ׷ɱһˣ
ʱ˿̣һƬȺɽ֮Уƽ۹Ҳͬˮ峺ֻǣ峺֮Уȴһ˿Ȼ
ϥ֮ϣڷһһʯ
ʯȻȥΪƽʽȴǳϣ沼˲ɣ֮⣬һ֪ڵѾ൱Զ
˺Ȼ̾˿Ŀ⿴ʯĵ棬Դǰڽĵһн̸֮ʱ䣬Լ˵ڶнֻУȴҲ޷򣬻УµҸ޷γ
ˣȻǽڵĺˣ죡
Դ̤սһ̿ʼͺҶ˷ɢ˿ֱڣʱȥҲûмҶҲзǳλʦܣĳ̶ֳ˵ҲԼʦϾһʽ˲ڽ̸Լ
ʱȻͣ˿ȻҲǶʱһɨգȡ֮ⱬϥϵǱʯʱʧгһѪɫѪͬʱ˻Ȼ
һ·ΪҶʱڳȻ֮ᷢ̾Сûŵˣ˷սĥ֮ѾɳϣѾһɽ⵮˵꽣һ˿ɣ
ܵȺɽ֮ϣȻӰЩӰǰ˰ݣȻ࣬Ϲ壬Ϊǿʮ֮һ壡
𽣬˵Ƿ˵ĺԴ𽥷չǿӵпػ֮ܣʮ֮ռһϯ֮أ͵ҶֵĹ޼
˵ҲǵùȻСŵԸ仯ڷսȴǺ鷳֮ǰһ֮Уó˲ڽʱû뵽˷֣ᣬɱ
һǳ׵ĵ壬һ·׷ɱ֮󣬾ŭˣԲܣȴţȺ˽ᡣ
Ⱥɽɽ֮ϣ˵ʮ֮࣬ΪߵĴﵽ˵۷壬͵Ҳ
ΪͬڵҴﵽأ˵ԶԶеģǽޣ߹ߣԴ˿̾۷Ҳ˿塣
һлɫмĿ·ľߣ࣬Ȼɱˣǲ֪£
Ϊͬ屨𣬲ϴĻӣǵĿģǿ˾ĽͲڽ磡
һ磬κκʿۺ֮
ߵһ£ܵ˶ʱ߳ʮˣҸһԺɫᣬһȣʮӿžϯȥ
ɫƽվԭأ˿Ѫǽ´ʮŻ缴嵽ǰʱ϶Ȼһȶ
꣡
Ȼͬһ㣬׵ĽŻм̿ΨһŻӹһ٣ȻϮ˾ǰ
⻹ǲ
΢΢һ̧̾𣬶ȻһֻצȻûصŻ֮ǰʱɢ
𣡡
һ˷ŭͲм޺֮ŴӾڴŸ֮߰ڳŪⲻˡ
λУʱɫһ䣺ôУܺȥˣսپ
£ԼȻſԼĺɫᣬȻаڱգȻһȣɫȼյĻ𣬴ĳ֮ϳڿкȻ۳һֻ޴Ӱһ߿˻ܹپһеĿֲˣž˹ȥ
ͬʱĳһ֮ϣһɫȻ֣ӴͻȻⱩ֮УҶģ
ͬŭϲ¶һ˿ЦݣӱˮǾ죬þòˣ


2032 Ӷ
쿴ͷãͨ棬ʵһİԼü֮Ȼ뿪һһͷͬɴСӱˮͬʱǱѪҲǽ⵹ת߼һȦĻΣʮĽгһԲΣӽӱˮ֮󣬳ͷ𽡣
ظزڣ
ȻΪ⾪һ¶ɫȴңſȻһ߿˻˫һȣͬһֻ޴𽣬Ҳ֮˳ȥ
ţ
֮£ĿоȻ³һȼŵĻǹͬһ㣬֮ռ˺ѣޱߵˣӱˮ
һ̣ȻԾɫƽȴǰ𾪣ΪǱǹȻãʵڡ
ӻǹ͸¶ǹɾ޴ѹԶԶͷƣȻһ߽
Ѿӱˮ˺ϻ꣬ˮˣôҲˣⵥƾˮ֮ܽǹ˫Ŀ֮оⱩǣѪٴλ衣
˲ڣ
ڽУȻڴʱ˿̣ʩչ˲ڵĽк׷˵ز֮϶Ϊһһľ޽ŷƿ֮ǻ泤ǹȥ
¡
ӱˮײһ𣬷಻ϵײ֮ӱˮצŭ˺ֱӽ˺Ƭɢ֮䡣
Ӷ𽣡
ʤ
䣡
һ죬к϶ΪһĲڽҲڴ˿̳嵽ӱˮǰǱǹҵײ
ǣ
һܼǱɾ޽Ȼлǹ֮ϴϣ޾˷ɢȥǹֻϵĻЩſֲˣǿеӱˮȥ

һҧӱˮȻˣͬʱѪþȫȻǻǹ˳ȥ
ǹǸ߽Ѫγǣ
ӱˮڸٵ֮У㼰ʱص˾ü֮УȴǴһμ֮Уһץס˻ǹǹУһ⣬ӭѪ
飡
Ѫֱӱײ˳ȥȻͬܣһ֧ᾹȻѪĽֱԾŻǹҪһٽɱ
ɫȻΣǲңڿǣԼǷҪóǱʯ
꣬һνڽ磬ĵ֮ʱͱʯʱʯȴԶһ룬ڽҶ뵽һصĻ֮У˽ڣҴĲڽ
ʱ𣬾Ͷʯ˺棬һҪٴΰγֱڣҲδܳɹһΡ
ֻδʣʯǱѪҲǿ˲٣Ǿɱﵣ򲻵ѵ£׶á
ߣԼҪóʯˡ
ȴûнѪҷ֮Ͼ¶˵֮ɫСɣ
ھ׼óʯʱһͻȻ֮
ߣֱһһ㣬ֱӺݺݵĻڳ˵꣬λջǹߣǸоһɴײ˺Ѱʹ̲ס³һѪ۵ҲǺȻɻȥ
顱һߵصײһɽ֮ϣɽ嶼ײһ޴ѷ죬˿̸˲ϴʹǾʧ̧ͷǵ֮ķ
һˣһѪɫĳͬѪʺ죬һſ֮ϴűһеᣬĳ֮У޸һĨѩס
˾վûжеȴǸоһ޿ɿܵѹ˲佫ǵȫ֣Ҳ޷ֺ
ˣֱѾˣˣ
ڿ˵ʱȴǶʱ¶˿ϲ֮ɫ̫֮£嶼΢΢촽ţȴӲһֶĶŶԷ۾ըһ£ƺһգۣԷֻʧһ
ģȻҶķ
ʵӱˮʱͿһУûмų֣ҪЩı仯
Ȼʮֵ⣬Ҳٿȥų֣һ߾ͽˣ˶á
ǰǡ
߲ʵ
壬Ҷ
ĸֻ֣ĵף߿нĿѪɫҰס
Ҷ֣ϹȺ֮ʹˣ
û뵽ԼҶƾԷһ߾ԼˣԼԲĶ֣
˼Žβܱסʱ֮ȻһԭҶ


2033 
ոճֵʱ򣬼Ϊƽ˲Ϣ֮ԽԽͬ׹֮к¡٣Ĵزɽ𣬡ǡϣѷγȺɽ֮ϣЩѷ쾹ȻһǼΪֱԷıһδεȺɽһ㡣
ɲǣһǿѹ˷ۣ£һ˲䣬磬һ̺޾֮֮Ūš
ͻҶжһһǰδеΣʱһ뿪վλã·ߣϢ˲ͷţ
˿ɾûôˣҶΪ޷ȻǸӲһˣǸлǹס֮⣬˵һѾȫը
ǵķΧҲһƬȺɽ֮䣬ûɢеԲд
Ҷո뿪ͿղվĵطѾϢ¶һ޴ĺ϶ֱֱͬȺɽ֮ϵѺһ㣬Ǳһı¡
ͬʱڵ磬ƺʿͬʱ̧ͷ֮ɫգкȻ顣
ɴº͵Цݣ˫ȴǸֳһ˫ѪܵͷǣôҶӦڱչٶԣѵǡ̼һ˵˽ȥԸҶǺǣ̼̼ǻˣѪ֮ͽΣ
ȻǱ𣬵ȴĽһ֪֮Сʦܷ񿸵ס
ҡҡͷվǰ֮Ǹ龰
ʱ˿̣֮⣬չذĽȻ˽ԸҶϢѾв֪ае棬׽֪ҶĴڣôúõҪȥԸ
ңѾ¹ս֮ǰκ˲öҶǽƫƫǵֻ֪ôأ
ź棬񶼿ʼԷųҶڵ硣
ֻħ̼һЦ˻аҶ֮ǰԼ˽һΣȻĻн콣ĳ
ȻҲ˽Ϊüͷ׼ٻؽʱкȻ˾죡
ţ徹ȻĲһ£һĻ񿴼Ի𾪵˼£Ȼܹ𺳵ͬž飬˻Ҷ
עž죬з֮ڣ
˵֮󣬵ûͬĬĬĹע˽Ҷ֮䣬ǳչĴս
Ӧǲ
ƽٴȻһûܹصѹǵѷ֮УȴͻȻһ˫۾
һ˫ⱬ۾˫֮УȻͫףһΣһΣ
νϵνϻ䣡
һ˫۾嶸ȻٴһԲ񣡡
ΪϹеǿʮ֮һǵ峤ʵĵλ޼峤ֱӳΪˣЩˣٶҪ֪һ㡣
񣬲֪һԽΪ飬ר޽ƿؽ֮򣬴ӶλǰһбƷףȴҪΪ
˵ڽԼٵ統УÿһսߺʤƷ
ߣͽͬʿΪʵȻӿ£
ߵĻҶжȻһ⣬鲻֮ǰԼ˵Ļ
ԼĶʦ֣ͽһսȻˣȴ顣
û뵽Լôͼλ񣬶ң˫ɱ۳ɵ˫֮УҶҲԸоһǿĽ⡣
ֻǡ
죬о˽Ľ𣿡
켴ҶأѹȻо˾֣ȻΪ޵ڽУҪҶ
Ҷ⣬쾡ɫҰףȴͦţͷоˣ
Ľ⣬ȷǿǱҵĶʦֽȴǲ࣡
ͬʱҶҲǷɿĴ˾Ժ죬Ҫ͸¶ʦֺ֮£
Ȼ첻֪Լͽй֣Ҷôһ˵ȴˡ
ȻҲҶ仰Ҳʹ޲һҶ
ȴӲѹסԼĵŭ⣬ǻĵСԴС죬ֻҪܽ±㲻

ҶһЦԼҲǷ


2034 ֮
кβң
ҶɫƽԴ˻Լ߷ʵԼǺȴǡһᡣ
ȻǽĻҶǲͷģϾʵܹģȻԼһֻͬһ߷ͨħ̼Ľ֣Ҷ֪ķ߱ͬʵҲԼһƴ֮
ͬʱΪѪӴҶһҲٿȻ۾˴νΪֹĸɢ˰ɣ
һ£ͷųȥ̴ЩѪӵ֮гѸڿвغϣֱ±һҶüġ
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˫֮УǱͫʵα֮УȻһͷųɽ⡣
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ҪôɱʥҪôƵĹ̵м֮壡
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2035 
ֱӴҶֵ֮Ʋ۶ɵİɫף
ʱҶ͸оһޱȵ룬ǺݺݵƲ֮ϣţ׾ٵĴ͸ףٴԼϡ
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䡱һƲ׺Ȼ֮ЯǹȴֻǱһңʣһ룬ȻȫҶڡ
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֮ݿһֱײȻǷʹȴǱȱҪǿΪÿһ˿ʹӡ֮ϡ
ҶѪ磬ÿһѪǻѪΪԭʵ˿Ѿʼ͸ʧ
飡
Ҷص˴֮½ǧ֮
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ĿзһųЦҶղŽԼһǷʱͺܿҲҶڽ⣬ڱ϶ΪһҲ֮С

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һαһ󣬵ھȭӳʱӲǽ潣ȫ顣
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ڻըһ˲䣬｣ȻһķȻһ⣬˽Ŀ֮С
˿̣ĿͫʣھҵĲţǾĪĿ־壬Ծ޷ƽһ
Ҷƽջȭͷעս˫Ѿŭ۾һˣ


2036 һ
ҶһҶԷ֮Ȼ£ȴҲˣһĻҶȻѾˣ
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˵֮⣬κ˲ɱҶһ֮ѵΪɱҶ𣿡
ģҶˣٵƬ̣һϲ㣬ңҶǴľϲ


2037 ʮ
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գҲʮ򽣵Ļںײ֮£һ̲ͬѷ죬¶Ǻڰ޾ա
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ˣ
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ȻƼΪ򵥵һҶȴܹоĵԼ㲻ֻܲȫ¡

ȻһƳ̾Ϣؼ


2038 л
Ǳʮ۶ɵ֮ΪƽķʽҶȴҶǧ֮ĸоз򣬶޼᲻ݵĿֲȫ֡
Ҷʩչռ˲ƣǶתƣ֪ãѾͨ飬˵ѾһĽ֮
ȻҪԼôԼӵ죬ʮ˵ҲȻԼ
ǸƳ̾ϢʱǱƽƽ̳֮ȴǶȻĳּһȻʱֹͣǰҽҲͬ״Ҳ޷ٶڼٵıš
֮һ˵Ļô˿зӦԿһη壡
һη壬Դڱܣģȴη壡
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º͵ЦݣʱѾọ̈̄˫֮Уһ˵ھҵš
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仰˵ʮ򽣱ٻǲҲʮʯнȴĸԸ
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飬л
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УıȻһŭŭ𣬽ţ˻һ⣬ԼԲĽ磡


2039 
Ҷ񣬾죬ߣʱ˿̣ݷǻΪ˵񣬴עſС
Уʮ۶ϣֶϣ£ǽΪ
飬ͬлеΣ

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ٱսеһ磬ڣߵķ嶥֮ϣңһʿﶼܱ˲˺飬Ǵʱ˿̣ȴһΰӰӰվһС
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һ˿ϲɫ¶ҸоˣѪһţһ֪λʦֻʦ㣡
ѪѪ֮УѪ֮еķҶȻۣȫɷĹɵ˫ͷųһ˿ɻоһ˿ֵĲ
΢һͻȻǰһ˺ѪʱмһΪַָԼٶǰӣž춯صĺХ֮һѪƿ֮һѪ
ѪԾڼƿֱʮ˲Ѫ֮ڷҶУһƴСѪ飡
Ѫ֮УȻһӰ
һ쳣״󺺣ɷƣԲ˫֮УƺѪһӿ
Ȼмʮ˲Ѫ״󺺺ͷҶĿȴֱֱԣһεڶ֮ݺײ̼Ѫǧɾˡ
Ƭ֮󣬷ҶϺȻ¶һ˿Цԯ콾ôˣѵÿ˼֮ʱĪΪʦܵĳ֣
״ޱĵѪƭңԱʮ֮ã뽫ɣϧֱδܳɹ񣬵Ѫһŷ֮ˣ
ҶһЦѪһţɶ֮ģǵˣΪ֮ūʲôң
״һ˿ЦǷҶ±۾


2040 纣
ںҶк֮ĿͿ˿۶ϵʮ򽣣ӿıˡ
ڣ
Ȼһȴ֮ͬװȻը죬Ϳķɲǣ̻һâգУȻǱѪ
Ҷкһȥ׷ȴסСʦܣˣֻʣ꣬Ķֻ֣н֮һս㣬ģ


ӹŵܹԷ֮սˣָһҶȴ㣬Ϊս񣬲Щȣʵ֮رȻڣȻ֣
һս
ԾڵѯʣҶѪ˲һͷУ
ߣ
Ҷ;ڣʦֵ΢΢һЦͬʱ˲̤磬֮⡣
ĺһȥȴûĶȴǴ˾ڵ죬һսĹۿ
ǣ棡
һ飬˫ֽճȭһͻȻԺ֮УʱǰͿ֮Σ֪ΪԼսֳһ
֮⣬Ҷ;ƽǰŰ֮⣬Ѿ֣ǱѪȻķѾͱ϶Ϊһ
ڽԱǿн뵽˷սʱʱҲǰüͷ
֪սУκ񣬼ǵҲԱǰΪ֮״ݻսΪ˶žֿԣʱսʱ֮䶼Э飬س֮£Ȼǰ
ȻڣȻܹԱ뵽սΪ˺˵Э飬ؼǣģ
񣡡
ϵЦݸºͣףһп϶ǵĹ
ȻҲ˵Լıͬ޷սֻһ֮ʣΪֹû֪ʵĿʵݣȥľĻţ
ղŵ˵ڵĳ֣ңҶһ޴ľϲҺҶϲпԭΪʲôᾪϲ
¶˳˼֮ɫټǰаսϧðŷսٵķգҪʲô⣬˵ľϲǷйأ
Ȼûôֻ࣬һ£ǷվİΣ
ϾսǻȡһõԴҪǾôٵˣʵ̫ϧ
ǵĵʱ򣬵ȴǴÿ˵ĶУѾսһ𣡡
仰ʱΪţԼΪ˷սеֻҪսͲʧ
Ҫ
֮䣬Բˣ
Ļ˵ˣе񶼴սУҲܽݻ١
Ű֮ĽȻԷûκεжֻǶеǱѪҶȴѾܹܵһѹղŽѹǿ˽аٱҶԵĸһˣһƬ޾嫵ĺ
֮
纣
֮ʵжĲ죬ֻҪΪôͻӵϡ
ڣ񻹲δֻȻӵеģһĿǰƽĺ̾ͻǷĺХ
Ҷڵ̬Ҫӵƽ֮ǰѾͽһսȻսܣȴ顣
ٴԽȻʣ꣬ƽȴǺͶǰû˿
˵Ҳ˵ҶȻῪڣ˾˴ĬĬվ
Ҷȴ˼Ž֮սԼβܻʤȻڱеʵǿķԼԪͼԴﵽڰ쾰۷սǺȣȴȻž޴Ĳࡣ
ɲ࣬ǲԽģнڵҲͬ޷ԽǾѾ
Ȼǲܵˣ
ʱҶ۽ǵȻԼ˿վλõĲԶǸԼ磬۾Ȼ
ɫ֮УҶԼͷ˳ȥֻҪǸ磬ǵϢӿ֮۾ȴԽԽ
ɣлл
ҶУһζԼͽܣԵĵл⣬ΪȻˣӵԼ粢ֻһʮٸǧ
Щ磬ȻһһĽǱ˴֮ľȴԶȻĻҶҲܲԼĴڡ
Щ֮֮İӦÿԺһս


2041 һ
ڣ񻺻̧ͷڰ֮Ҷ;ڣֻĿûҶֱӵ˾ڵϣһһĵ
ڣ
ڵ¶һ˿ȻЦݣ̬ƽĵ񣬺þò
֪ˣΪǶδѣٴڿı˴˴к
һֱ˵ǰ˫֮ͷ｣˸ĹâĶžڡ
ŽٽҶоܵѹȻٴμӾ磬ʮɽѹԼһ㣬ԼòȫİٰʮͨѨλ֮Уһ˿˿Ѩӿڻ컷Ϣ
͹Ϊѹ֮¶֮Ȼǲظ
Ķ־ԼĻҶ֪Է֣ԼͬҲгֵĻᣬ֮ѹܽԼɷ顣
УһΪϣ
仰Ȼĳһ̶ֳ˵ȴҲʵ
Լ֮䣬ȻźܴĲ࣡
ٿڣȻ״̬ǶڽͷųǹѹȴǻȻδһ㣬ɷƵվüͷһ¡
ʦֵǿΪҶƽѾǶȫ⣬ɫȴû¶ֺ
ڶž֮Żڵڣһսδܾˣգɸһս
˷ս£بźƾһ㣬ھ԰
ȻûκεİƽĿŽս

𣿡ϵЦŨ˼֣ҡҡͷαһӣ
һʤ
ңǺͽ
ǣս񶼲˴Ĵָ
ܵںͽһս׷ʲôǴڵȫ彣
Ҫ֪ʵ֮䶼ģϾǹǿʿ˵ƿ˽֮֮ˡ
һ
˫ĿȻ𣬺ݺһͷãһһڣֻҪܽһӽ֮ǽ񣡡
һȻλ֮󣬸޷κζܹ֮ʿе룬ȻڽΪһȻϧλ˶עעʵ̫˵㡣
һܹڽУǽڰ˺Լͬȵλ֮ϡ
һսȤ
ȻȴЦҡҡͷܷһԾ㣬ңҲԾɾңڣ
ĶžڵӦҪʦ֮ɣ
Ȼںĵֻ״̬ûʩչȻҪʦ֮һ
Ŀ⣬ֱʱڿҶһ۵ʵΣ
ҶҲѣƽĵƴ֮£ս۷壡
ãҲԴСҲ۷һͽѹƾ۷壬ʦֵܷܶ£
ã
Ҷ;ڼͬʱڣֱӾܾ˽Ҫ
һۣͬʱЦȻǳ˴֮Ĭ
Ҷýѹƾ磬Ϊ֮Խãڵԭ򣬿ֻԼ֪ˡ
Զ˵ͬʱܾԿʼŨŨĽ⣬ȴҲûж˵ʲôֱתȥߵ֮׼˾͸ң
ŽıӰҶ˾ڵĴСʦܣʵƷ㲻ԸеŹ֡
ҶͷҲˣΪܹ˵ղŵЩһϵеòҶ;ûͬ⣬˵Ʒȷʵ
Сʦܣһһ½ʯнڣֻסʯнƽóһǽʩչͿˣ
Ȼڵٴ𣬶Ҷ֮ȴ㶡
һսȻǽʦַģôȻӦʦ֣ǽлǽ⣬ӦʦʩչԼֻǽԼޱĽѡ
ھڻ˼ȴǽȨҶĸԸĳ䵱ʩչֽУҶȥ
Ҷ뿪ھܾǻȴ˻ȥȻͶʦֽӴʱ䲻ȴҲ֪ʦ־ԲẦԼôȻԭڡ
ңһսҲԼһԸ
ʦֶϻΪѾǸԼĪԼʲôη壬õĵأ
ã
ҶΨһһͷЦЦҶļȽ뽣У׼˾͸
£ڶȻһֱ̣ӳҶŵʯнڡ


2042 
ʯнҶ۾
˼˼ԼһóĽУ
УҶ¶һ˿Ц
Ȼһ£ǾһȻʵΪѸ٣ȻֻԵϣսᣬֱΪֹ˵ˣóһУҲûУ
սӰսغ쳾սʽżѪڽ
һеһУǱ˽̸ģ
ȻЩսЩзҲͬһĴһڰǿߣڴʱ˿̣ԽһսʱȴȫòһԼΪóһս
һ˵ҶԶԶȲʦʦǣ
ΪѪһŵÿһλˣ϶еĹУƾ֮һֻ߼ս
żʥսսʽʦĴ֮ۺƷ֮ڵĲڽŮ۷ȵȡ
ЩǶޱĴҶҲΪˣȴҲҶһΪεľ档
ӱõģԶԼĺãҶԼִûдκεսű˵ġ
ҲܹҶҪ֪һ׻ֻһкõսҪʱĳĥ
Ҷ㲻ʱ䣬Ȼʵ㹻ȱʱĳѹûҪԼһս
ȥЩ⣬ȻûκˣҶڿЦһ֮󣬾ȫпʼϵĳһԼս
ͷβҶԼ֮·ȴȻһ
ȻûдȻǱ˫֣ҶվʱϵԽãҶ֪ԼԽ
УˣöʦֵĲڽɣ˵ʦ뽣УʩչĽ½һĿȻн˾޷ʩչ֮⣬ǰжʩչģȻ첻ˣ
Ҷ⣬׼첻һ½һʱкȻĪĸһӰ
ޱ޼ʵѪϿվһѪɫӰֱֳȻĻӶ
һҶõѪʱ򣬿һн
ҲΪһԽȤֻŬͳԣҲ޷ʩչһ
ֱΪ˾ʱʱ˵ֱһĴڵıعʱ򣬸飬ʹ֮£Ȼһʩչ˳һɵҲԶԶʱܷӳʵļޡ
ãһ𣿡
ҶĬĬѯԼ֮Щĳɣ漴ɳɱ㱻ȡȻ̧ͷŽıӰ׼ˣ
Ȼת˫Ŀ֮һһȻըȻ۳У䵭ֱʧ٣ʱ򣬽Ҳڿڣһϴһս֮ұۣ֮ǽ֮ľ裬˽Ϊ񣡡
ⷬȻǶԾ˵ҶҲܴиܵĵڽִţȷԶԶʿһȾ١
һУǾڵδҲģǿһԽΪ֪Ȼͬ졣
ҶѪԪѪӣһ̶ѾȻ֮תһȫӿս˫֣˫ʯнС
ʯнй䣬ʯнһĺڶһ
ʱ˿˫Ŀϣü֮ͻȻѿһ϶͸һ⣡
ֵɲǣ̻һߣӽüķɳΧŽ壬ơ
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿ˽ɫĹâڱΣҶ۾޷
֮УѾϥüѷ֮вϵн⻯߷ɳǲ˿һ㣬һļ룬һһĽס
ҽ֮ƿؽ֮֮룬꣬Ƽ
ͻȻӽ֮д֮͸һ޾ϣһ̣ݣƿؽ֮
ǲһ촫ǸϷͻȻѿһ϶ţһɫĽ⻺̽˳
ǡ֮𣬽֮ϣѷԽԽֱ࣬ȫһɫ֮Ȼ˿У
ӽȻϡԿӣȻǽɵĽ
ⲢγɵķӲĽԼ꣬һ
ֵɲ֮䣬սڵǧ磬Ȼͬʱÿһ֮УһĽ
ʮ򣬰ǧ۳һ쳹ս֮Уеÿһ
ȻҶԣ֮£ȴܹЩ塣
򽣳ݣ


2043 
ǰʩչĽһһ򽣳ݣָһΡ
ЩлĽһһΣսǧڵģڱĸԸĶɫֵ֮ľη
䣡
ڽɫ֮ȫͬʱǸɫĽȫըҶ˫һ̲΢΢һ
ΪоȻһ
ԭеĽأ
Ѫǽ˽һ
ʼƽʯнһڷһâͬʱд˾ڵ
֮Դһ˿壬ȴҲһ˿ˣ
ȻҶ˾еǶǱȴǸеãȻ˿ãȻ˲ɢȡ֮ıҶǱǿս⡣
ǰ֮ǽ
һ޽֮󣬸ǲϧȫƳһ֮־񣬵ȷֵκ˸е塣
ҲҶˣܹΪʿȻǵԸ˲ҹͬÿһıȻ˸޷ļѡ
ȻǽǿһһԼܷ£
Ȼɫ֮ת⣬׼Ҷһ⣬ֱҶ
˵ʵǰеٶȲ죬ǰеĹ̵УȴǷֱ֮սǧ綼ھҲ
ÿǰһ֣ͷų̶̵ľѾ֪жۣɢ˷ϯȥ̫ǿڽѾ˵ɫ硣
ǧҲ֮£һѺͬһ֮ϸ֣޷ؽֲһԶԶȥǧڶɽ٣ǵĽ٣ǽĽ
ۿЩҪڽĺɨ֮±ʱһɫͻȻÿһƶһ統УʱһŽ⣬ϳֵƻϡ
Щ飬˿̲Ҷǽûȥ⣬˫ֻʣ±˴ˣҶ˿ɣһԾлصڷս⣬һ״ݻپ죡
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼ
۵һƺҪ֮Ŀ϶ʱҶпһɫâ𽥸֡
֮

Ҷг³һеʯнһ̣ľˮ·ص˶֮ǰԺعǸϡ
Ȼ˲ͬԼҲǵԼȴ޼ԼӲһôԼͶʦֶпԣԼûеڶ·ߡ
ҪͱҪһ

ҶȫȫͬȼʯнҲǶȻһʵҼɿ⣬ϧǽ֮֮£ոճ־ͱ֧飬޷ֿ
λѪӣѪҶգǵ֮һã
ͬʱÿһѪһŵ統УصҶĵһ̣Ȼſͣ˵ⷬ
ʵ֮ǰѾ֪ͨЩеѪӣ̸Լĵ֮Ĥݣþܵ۳֮
ҶѪӣܾδɵĴڣԼЩÿԵĤݣǵУѾҶһ㣬ˣҶ֮ͨ󴫳ʱЩκεĻɣټˣ˵֮ǰϵĤ
ʱǧ統Уһ˿˿ͬ˿һ建谭뵽սĽ֮УȻǱڵҶӵȥ
һ۵֮࣬һ۳֮Ҳ࣬ǵ񣬵ǧ֮ȫһʱҲ޷ӡ
֮
ڹսڴ˿̼ͬĺĸ֣
εЦԶκʱҪã֮û뵽㾹Ȼӵ֮뿴Щ˵ı飬һǾʵ˼£
֮УֻеˣŻ֮⼸ѾΪһۣȻڣҶ񶼻ǵķˣȻѾӵ֮ⲻò˵һ漣
֮ķۣʯнɢѾǧɣھڵжһ˿𾪡
ΨһûκηӦľǽǱɫ֮һǰƣһѩǰܵľģŻܽڵģڴ˽ɵľ룬Ҷǰ
ৣ
һ̣Ҷȫǧ֮߸߾˫Ҳȥ
ʯнˣ


2044 䶸
ʯнһĨ⣬سʱĵһ⣬Ȼҫۣȴܽأսڵÿһ磡
ȻҲɽƶɵǱɫ֮һŽ֮ĺڰâӳ˳
ֵͬʱһɰִŷĸо˲ʹʯнϱ˳
ֱ˫ģ
һߣָоһ֮ңңָ˽
һߣָоȴһɷ籩һ㣬Ҷǽסʯн˫֮Уڡ
һ̣ҶǰһȫʧûۿҪײһ֮ҲûΧͬĭһ˷ǧ硣
˿̣ǰֻһ⣡
һͬεĹ⣡
Ȼûжô޴󣬵ڹУҶȴĸоһݷŲɣĳһ֮ΨҶеһ̹µľ֮磡
ٱ֮оӣ
УҶԼĶʦ֣ڣ
ֻǹеľڣ˫֮ûͱˣֻޱߵǰ£ɡ
⣿
Ҷ⣬жȻȻǵ
ǽ
Ҷ뵽һͬʱͬըһ㣬ÿ֮жһͬӰϣ٣УŮ
ΨһͬǣÿӰվͬҶǵľһɢһɾ֮磬һ̹֮⣬һɵζ
ڣ޾Ļͣһ֮ϣ֮гֵӰǾڣ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶˣǧһΪ
ǰЩ֮еÿһӰǹƿ˽֮ˣ
񣬾ڣ˽һεƿ֮ˣȻڣƺڽʹУͳͳ͸Լ
ҶЩʱʯнͽ֮Ѿײһ
һײΪ΢Ľ֮϶ûдһ˿𵴣˿һ£ûκεɢ
ˣ
ɫ֮ȴһײ֮£ȻһͬݣͬһĽ֮
Ȼʱ䶸
ս֮ϣͻȻһֻ֣һֻޱߵľ֣ǧ縲һࡣ
ƺֻҪһץܽ׵ƣֻҪܽһ顣
ֱֻ֣ԾɱҶŵʯнȥ
ʱʯн϶Ȼ˶ĿĽ⣬֮УڵӰֻ֣˿̵ͬҶڹмһ˫ĿͲžԼԽԽľ֣¶һ˿Цݣͺһ޽޽죬أΪ
ˣ
һսǧ֮м
Щͬһ籩ھÿͬʱ磬еоһҵĲĭ֮ϣǰЩĵƣҲ֮һ⣬ܻһɹɰƺ赲籩ÿײ
ﬣ
ЩûڿκͣɲǼγһʯнһԶ˾ڵС
ֻһͬĽɫ·Ϊƽһɣ̹֮
մ˽ϵЦݸŨе˿ֻ̣Ѿǰ
ȻҪҵĵұ㣬Ҿ֮Ϊ
žڻ£ȻסǱ۶ɱԼΪѰ̬ԼΪͨĽУֱӴֻ֡
ﬣ
׼׼Ĵֻ֣һ֮ƺֻѾѪ֮¼̵Ĳʴɣ⵲ԼƤ֮⡣
ƣ
Ȼڷһŭ֮ŭڣһͷ趯ÿһͷһɫ̼뷢žִȥ
һ죬ڿ񱩵֮ºȻըǧÿһȴҲͬһɫһǰ֮ƴ˾֡
ƣ
룬ÿһִһڻѪڻѪڿըÿһλѪͬһѪɫĴ֡
ڵĽ׵ĽѪĽ
ɫ·޾һ㣬ǵأȫݺݵĴ˾֮ϡ
ͻȻһԼüģзͬҽ֮꣬ƣ
䣡
ڵü֮϶Ȼðһ⣬⻯һŹڵȫţŽɫĹһɫͬ˾֡
ʦ֣
Ҷ˿ôֳ״̬֮ѹÿǰɢһĻ


2045 â
Ҷɾ֮У˾Ǵ΢ЦҶһͷСʦܣʦˣʣ·鷳ʦȥɣ
£һ촫ڽ׽Ѫǽ𽣵Ĵ֮£Ȼȫ˿ֵֻ֮С

֮ϣһƺŵʹƺߣֻȴһȻ£ǺڵĽ׵ĽѪĽǽĽȫһסֻ־Ȼջأʧս֮С
飡
һ촫ҶǱʯнȻը˿ʯмɢ֮С
Ҷڴ͵עǰ̵ķȫհһƬֱǵɫ֮»ָ˽ı֮󣬲𽥵Ļع
ɫ԰ףȴž޴𺳣һ̣עһͽ֮սǣ޲Ǳ𺳵ˡ
˾̾ھڵǿ֮⣬ÿ˶һ⣬ֻ֣˭ģ
ʵÿ˵жһ𰸣𰸣һ̣Ǹ˵ȥ룡
ֻ飬º͵ЦѾŨ˼£ȴŭĵ񣬵ΪҪץ߾ڣ
ħ̼˿̵ȴǲ˾֮ɫߴڲϵȥ˻ˣ񽫾ץˣò֪ϴҸ˵Ļ˰ɣ֪ĻҪˣ
ˣ
Ҷ˵֮˲һһ
ȷˣ
Ȼųƽƿ˷֮Ǹڱȣȴ̫̫ࡣ
ΪƿصĽ
֮ɽܻǽıԴ¼һн޵ıԴһޣΪ⡰֣
лģϾֻҪ˺֮ɴмĿҵǣΪϴһսСӮ˾֮еĽᣬѰҽĽŲֹǰ
ԭƾŽһսĽᣬͻƿֱղһ̣ףԭҵ˽
ԽĻҲذɣ
ңȻڶ飬Խһ£ȻĻԽ֮׵Ľ׷飬
ˣٲԸҲòϣԼһսˣ
ʵǰԼѾˡ
ҶȻҲ֪ˣ֪ΪʲôʦԼʩչԼóĽУʵǲǰοԼĻΪΪʦ˵һսѾӮˣԣҶʩչʲôУֻһӽһܹ²ʤ
ҶɫƽĿ£һĻŸղһУһȥͷǾǾƺֻֻ֪Ὣץߣ֮ǰһУʵֻΪһĿģǾǽڽĸ͸Լ
ͬʱҶﻹһΪ⣬ǾǣԼǴߣԼѰԼĵôڵĽô£
ߣʮһ֣һδ飬ԲǾڣΪʲôҵ˽
ȻֻȻ֣ץߵľ֣ҶҲǳ𺳣Ϊھֳֵһ̣Լ·ص˵Եٵʱ
ֻ֣ĸоԴŨдϢ
Ǵְ֮ɣ
ǵ֣
ҶʱһԵĽȴͻȻڣ𰸡
񣿡
ҶȻһԼ˵ĻУΪǿΪصĴڡ
ǵģֻЯϢǵУǴϢ
϶ĵͷȻҲδĿΪΪʿڴϢȴ൱Ϥġ
ҶüͷʵΪʲôҪץҵʦ֣
Ҳ֪εҡҡͷұǳչأټϵĪ⣬˵ұʱ򣬼һ֮⣬ֱҲδˡ
Ҷ˵ͷû˵ʲôתҪ뿪ͽ֮䱾ûκιϵڴˣҲֻΪ˾ڣھˣԼȻûҪദȥ
ȴǺȻҶҶħ֮ɱģڣҸıˣһ̻죬ܷڵ䡣
ҶתĿ˽һۣ˫ֱȭ΢΢һݵл
лңǷڣһ
һƳ̾ϢУת뿪ԭʱ˾һâ¶ȥ֮ʱȴǽѹʣâ١
עŽ뿪ҶҲٵ飬Ȼ˿ʮֵĶʦֵİΣȴҲ֪ƾԼĸûκεôο鶨µ֮ԼѾȥһ죬ڣԼֻҵ˾һˣ


2046 ˯
΢΢۾˿̵ֻаƴСҲѾԭȵʵ˼͸״̬ƺʱܳɢ֮С
۵ͬʱһ˲ɣȻͷϷ𣺡㽫Ľ͸Ҷѵ㲻֪Ầ𣿡
̧ͷһ޴ĺɫӰƺߣںӰ沿һȦɫ޷䳤ࡣ
ԼܣһƬ嫵ǿա
΢΢Ĵ˿µͷڵ˼£һ򵥵̧ͷҲľеɴ˿崺Цݡ
ϢƬ̣ڲŻĿڵӦþǵɣ
ǣ
ȻҿòΪʲôһϤĸоָо΢΢Ѫһţʲôϵ
˵һôĻھ˵ȻǸѵľٶ˵֮ڲϵĴڴ
һĬ󣬾ͻȻԼڿն𣬽һƼĸоܵһжԼٶȵˡ
顱һԼƺײʲô֮ϣֹͣ˷У˿̵ҲٴδūȻ˳ȥǽ֮ȴȻ֮У·֮ǰʲôҳ
ǣ
һͬը죬ֱʱڲŷ֣ԼȻǱһӰУȻӰǵеĵū
ǿյһ޴Ӱŵ΢΢һתڰתʧ١
ŻָƽǿգĿٴη飬ȻִҪҶϷôͲøʱ䣬㻹δȫҵҾٰһΣϣΣҪʧ
£һս缲۵ҶͻȻһɾ޴ѹһָȻƾճͷ֮ϡ
ָҶĺëһɴδйΣ˲ȫ
ȻӦ죬ڿָͬʱѾʩչ˶תƣܺͺɽͬʱɳԼλסΧĿռȴǹѹȫǸָҲ
Ϲâǣ˰ߣȻŵҶͷ֮ϣӭǸָͷ
ɽͷų޾ԪͬҶΰ
飡
ָϣϵʥ֮жȻһı֮֮
ǣ
ͬˮ棬Ǹָһ֮£浴ĲƣһƣһѺۡ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ɴСϾѾƣǹѵĴһ㣡
е룬ȻҲǸͬܣ֮ϵƬڴ˿Ҳͬ˿־޴ʹ࣬ȫ޷ܡ
һĻҶͫȻһͷתû˿ԥǿеĽױܺͺɽջԼڡ
֪һָ֮赲ģ
ôһָ֮±ֱָֻԼϡ
𣡡
ˣҶҲԴУһŭ֮£ֱԾԼȭͷӭǸָͷ
飡
û˿Ҷȭͷ˲ըһѪǸָûκεͣĵҶͷ֮ϡ
һɿ񱩵˲ӿҶڣ˾޴ʹ֮⣬ûκε˺ֻҶ˫һգεڵء
ŵڵϻԲѵҶǸָʱٶȻ˻ȥ֮ȴǴǲɣ˯죬֮󣬲ҪʧⳡϷҲȤ
ϧҶûѾ뵽˻֮Уʱ䣬Ѳ
ǣҶĻڼ䣬鰴Ҷ֮Լǧ֮вϴ󣬻ɱһеĿꡣ
ܿȥɱҪȥָ˵ǵȴֻǲҪȡ
ƫȻӵĲȴ˭ҲκεԹԣֻѭ
ȥ֮ħ̼ȴһ⣺ԭսвͬʱ֣ڵȻսһô˵ˣǱ𶼿ԹͬǰҲֻһˣһȥͬʱץǵĿ꣬ô죡
⣡
ãȴ׼ʱ򣬵Ҳݱ粵ٴδΪ;ڵһս÷ս˷϶Ҫʱȥ޸֮ڣ˭Ҳ׼ս
һ˲ȴɸŭԣֻܽŭͲѹĵĵĵȴš
飬ܰģѾˣڣͿˣ


2047 Ϸʼ
ʱѵСʦܣϷʽʼˣ
º͵ЦݣͷԼ촽ɢȻ̽սȫǣ˲ҵҶڡ
ףˣ
ȻڻеҶüͷһ壬ǰҶֿ֮Ҷһ磬ôúõĻ˹ȥ
ʱҶƤ΢΢һ۾
һ̣Ҳ˲ȥ˼ҶΪʲôԣ֮ԼʱѵңҶ統УһҶĺѣһѾ֮⡣
ʱȥҶӻ֮˹ԼеʹԴԾеã
˲Ϣ֮䣬ʹӵΪ֮ǰǸɣµǾ仰Ѿ
Ѿˣ
ҶüѿҪͳͷͬʱжһеĿȥԼѣʱԼĻڽ½һʱˣĻԣûлȥϣ˿޷ʩչ
Сʦܣˣ
ͻȻȻͬһףݺݵҶԺ֮ը졣
飬ң
Ҷһŭϯȥڻ֮ǰѾ֪ԼһѣԲżæֻû뵽ͻȻֵָͷȴǽΣڵʱ䡣
ڣͬ˲串磬ҵλѣһ̫ͬ㣬ɢŽӡϹ飡
ֻʱ˿̣âûԻͣҲҫۣǼΪ
ҶڻڻлǻһȺǰʱϹ鷢룬ǵʱϹȴǾܾˣΪΪ̫ĺˣԼİҶѵͬʱҲɶ֣ԣϣƾԼŬټҶʱܺҶһս֮
ǣڷսʱħ˶ԥ̤˽
ս֮ͺħ˿ֱҲû
ʱ䣬λ̫ĺˣһ֮䣬ͬȽȽ̫һ㣬ڲԼĹâ
һɱʤͷս⣬ϵĻһһĵˣԼʵ۷֮
ٶѾǼΪˣǲ֪ΪʲôϹһָоԼҶ֮ĲԽԽӿ̿ÿһ磬ȥѰҸ֣䷢ս
Ѿʱ䣬һɱʮλͬΪˣ˿ģǺһλֻĸּսϡ
ȻʤȴҲ˼صˣϾҶԽս伸ǿԽһ󾳽ս˵ѶȻǼġ
һƫƧĶѨ֮УϹϵĽѾ˼£̫ˣԹ֮УϵĹâԽʵҲԽǿ״̬ҲԽá
Ȼ̫ղϹĺȴԴԴϵĽ⣬ͬˮһ㣬˳壬ӿڡ
۾Ϲ鲢֪ʱ˿̣ɽ֮⣬һºЦݵĺӣѾվһ˫۾ע
ӣȻ飬Ȼ֪еˣҶѣȴż֣ĵĵȴȴҶĵҪҶ棬˻ɱ
飬Ҷɱ㣡
ڣһŷŭԶԶĶУǾڴϹ顣
ϹȻۣ¶һ˿ɻ֮ɫĵ⣬Ҷ
ٺ٣Ҷ
ʱһº͵ȻǰĹâһǰ
ЦݵĿϹסΪѣԣҪ
ϹȻ׵׷ʲô£ǶǻԵľȴܵĸоǰҪɱԼҲ˫һŲҫ۵Ĺâ
ǹâ˼µ̫
ס֣飡
ҶѾߣȻº͵ЦҲǴﵽ˼£ǰĹâһɣ
飡
ӡ޷赲ָ̼ͬһը˿һָ֮δǰ죬ֱȻӿϹ֮У
Ϲϵıʱסˣ֮ͬˮһӿ
ģĿ˴ȫʧʱ۾֮УڳһɫӰӰϤϣǴŷŭ֮ɫ
Ҷ
ӿ³֮̽ȫ̫Ϲ飬ڱ۾


2048 ʲôʱ
СʦܣһŶ
Ц۾гһ죬ЦݾǴʢΪõĻ䣬ƣѾɥʧϢϹԴ֮ϣŨ
飡
Ҷзŭͬʱܲ˵ľȭͷͬˮһ㣬ݺݵ˹ȥ
Ҹλᣬڣ㣬ûлˣץʱɣ
ҶȫһȥӣĶ仰֮ѾȻһӰ뿪ɽ
Ҷ˲ȥ׷飬һѱסϹѾ𽥽Ӳ壺Ϲ飬Ϲ飬ѣѣ
ʵҶѾɨϹ壬Է궼Ѿɢ׵ٻӦԼĺ
ϹѾ̵һ˿ʣҶ絶ʣ
Բ𣬶Բ𣬶Բ𣡡
֮⣬ҶѾ˵Ļ
ȻɱϹ飬ȴΪûȥɱɱ飬˽Ϲ
һе򣬾ҶϣϹǹ
ҶȻһ뵽ղȥ֮ʱµǾ仰˵ʱ䶼ûУֱƿ磬ϹʬϹ飬ģҶģһɱ飬Ϊ㱨𣡡
Ϲ֮ҶæһԼڵȥ
뿪ɽʱҶûע⵽ǸδԶ룬ͶһƬӰ֮е顣
սǧҶҲ٣ͨҲǰԤ֪ҶҪȥȾ˭ԣֻܸҶ֪Ҷĸ֮ȻٵҶǰɱѡ
ʵҶ侲ĻӦܹ뵽㣬ϹѾҶȫɥʧ侲ǡ
ҵʦܣǷ˴˲ǵˣҲȻʦͷ
Ϊ仰Ҷʼջһ˿ңΪ飬ǸԼԼе֮ͬʦ֣Ҳֻ˵˵ѣȥɱԼѡ
ĿϹȴͬһشݺݵķһ˿ңֻʣһͷȥԼѣֶ룬ܾһ;һ
飬ΪʲôҪôΪʲôҪɱҵѣΪʲô
Ҷڷı֮Узȥľظ仰ĺ֪еԭ
֮⣬鲻ĸͬдʣƺڶŻش𣺡Ϊ˰㣡
ħһƬĮ֮УȻǺϹ鹲̤ͬķսǽͬʱͱɢ˿ҲƾԼħ޵ǿӲڷսмѵĻڡ
ӵ׳ʵҲһ˿˿ħƣڵ֪ٶȥ˸ħħ֮пܳΪεħ
񣬲ֻĵϵ˲ܵΣؼκľһֻϣҲгĿܣ
ϧħûгĿˣΪǰȻһЦݵĺˣĺ󷽣Ҳһĺ飡

ħ¶һ˿ã˲תΪأΪܴǰ˵ϣܵһɿֲϢ
ɱ
ħͻȻ֣˫ȭһɫƥǰĺ˼ȥͬʱȴڼٵĵˡ
Ȼ֪Լǰ֮˵Ķֻ֣취ߣߣӵʱ䣬ȵǸ˸Ϲ
ħսȷܷḻǴ˿ĵȴھ޴ʵǰκıκξ鶼ޡ
һֱָƿǺɫƥħü֮ϣʱһĺдħĿз
¡
δ꣬ħǸߴ壬ѾصȥͬһСɽһ㣬Ե˵ϣһƬ̳
̳֮УҲڿԼһϤĺɫӰ
Ҷ
ͬһ˿ʣħĿмѵ³֮󣬷ħħ

Ҷһ˻ֻףֻܼʱϵǾ֮˲Ϣ֮࣬ȴٴʧȥһλѡ

º͵ЦݣȻҶ˻֣תҪ뿪
ȵȣ
ҶȻڣ飬ȻɫȴԿ飬ҪɱɱҺˣҪ˺ҵˣ
תӣЦעҶҡҡͷڻɱʱץʱɣϷȤ
ıӰʧҶŭ⣬ĵʲôʱ򣬲ɱҵʱ򣡡
ȫʱ򣬵ȫʱ򣬵㣬һʱ򡭡


2049 û
Ҷ
Ҷ
Ҷһ˺˽гԼ֣Ϊһֳڣʹһλ䡣
ʱȥϹħλѾѾҶ˵ʱ䶼ûУΨһľǽǵʬս磬ȻͣȥѰһλѣȡܹ֮ǰҵǡ
Ҷ
ǧ˪¥֮ŮͬھҶһ֮ңĵطͲЦݵȥʱҶǱѾһ˿Ѻ۵ĵ֮ϣǲһֳ˵ڶ˿Ѻۡ
Ҷǧ˪𽥱ʬ壬鲻ԽĻ˵ʶľԼǧ˪ӵеСзʦµйӶǧ˪Ϊѡ
ǧ˪Ůӣһֳ޷ִţͬҶҲһĸ顣
ֻǧ˪ԸͬһʮֵĺˬȻ飬Ȼ֪ҶԼԾĸԸĬĬҶҶԵеʱ¥ҲʼվҶһߡ
Ȼ죬Ҳ棬ټҶοĲʣԶ뿪ˡ
Ҷǽڴ͵עǧ˪ʱ˿̵ƺѾû˱ˣûʹ࣬еֻһƬհס
ֿհȴ侲ǽĻָ˹
ͨˣΪʲôܹԼ֮ǰһҵԼҪȵˣԼ֪Լȥ˭ֻΪһ˭ŻϹȥ
ôֻһֿܣʼոԼԼȷҪѰҵ֮ΪԼߣԲһҵˣȻȵԼոϵ֮ʱɱ
ǣҲȥҵЩѣӦþû˰취
ȻҶһƨ˵ϣԶʼЦĿ飬üͷڲ΢΢塣
ȷҶ֪սǧ֮ÿһλãϾ֪Щ˲ҶѣҶҪĵˡ
ֻҶλãȻҶĳ֮УҶһҵҶҪҵǸˡ
ҶѰңǶ˵ⳡϷľû취ȥȥˣǿҶ꣬ҵÿһѡ
󿪣һѪӾǧ˪ʬ屻УҶȴŭ죬ȴӲԼƽŬ˼ţûʲô취ƿϷ
Ϲ飬ħǧ˪ȥǶǻˣΪǵľΪ޼ݷսеĹʵͬ˻Ӧͬȵ֮Уڵ磬Ż
ȥһضҲԻˣ֪Щ˽˷սС
ȻЦݣжҶľûа취ͬ˼ŸβϷȥ
ʱһ׹ȴǴֱϡ
ͻİ׹⣬Ҷ鶼΢΢һԺ֮иֳһ
˿ҶܹĻ̾ϳǰ͸Ǹ֮ĵͼ
һģһЩкĵطҲ˿
ݱֻҶ֪ĵͼȻķʽݸ顣
񣡡
һ䣬ȻԵûκεĺøУǲòϣݵͼϷȻԼȥˣңεȫԼϡ
һŽ磡
ЦŶ仰֮תߣҶȴ˫ȻԲΪŽһԼһλѵ硣
ڣҶҲˣһǵ׹⣬Լǵ䡣
֮ˣҲ˭ӽֻҪҶ֮ǲݣ
Ҷ˫Ŀ֮ȼŭһڻѪڿУ۳һŹֵ·ʧ˿С
ԻѪµԣ
һ̣ҲͬɿȥȻ֪οҪʧܣԲľʲôɱԼѡ
ͬʱڵУϥͻȻ۾˫̧Ĳӡʮָ֮䣬Ȼһ˿˿âܣĳַ֮
Ƭ֮ᰵ¶һ˿Цݣɱ֮ˣԲƺΪҶ׼һ֣һǲҪĺã£ɣ
˵֣սŽڣһڻߵİ¿ӲȻתͷգεĵ˵ͷ˫һȦʮָ֮£ǰȻһɫĴš
ʱ˿ҶܹһĻĻͻ֣ᷢ½Ƚţ丸нͨ·ǿյĽһģһ
ƿţһ룬Ȼʧ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿᰵǰ֣Ծɴεû𣿡


2050 ʬ
´Žʧͬʱüͷһ壬Ǹͼϵĺһ漴ʧ
Ȼܹ֪˲ʧҲǰ磬ǳ׵뿪˷ս
뿪ˣȻǳ׵뿪ôܣ
սȻûϢǶڷս˽⣬ȴ٣ٳĿռ䣬£Ȼûκ˿뿪
ͬʱǿ֮еĵ񣬾Ȼ͵۾˫֮Ʋ˸֣Ŀ³֣ţ
ҶڲŵڣǸͬĪ⣬ĿϺҲȻۣһ˿𾪣ţŵϢһūһ壡ĪǣҲҶʲôϵɣ
ʼսҶҲǷµʧȻҲɻ󣬵ǸȴǸˣңԼµµ뿪Ӧø䱳ţĪйء
֣̫ˣ
Ŀ˵仰ȴô˿е΢΢üͷǰһƬˮ棬ˮ֮ϺȻӳҶӰ
תͷԼĸ׵׷ʲô
΢һһƽָ⸡֣ˮһ㣬һɢ濪ʼ˲ϵı仯ֱ֮ͣǰҶǷԻ֮ϡ
仯ҶϷ飬Ȼβ©ȫ˳¿ҶΪ˾Լǽڷıܻ棬Լ֪Լƽ뿪ظʱϸֳһ˿˼лصһ⡣
Ľҵ𣿡
µͻȻʧȻ˵⣬ȴҲûж룬תͷžԼԶҶ΢΢һЦе˼ҵҪжܹͻȻʧһʵ磡
ҶһԲļ񱼲ѣеĵͼʵ֮󣬾Ҫ磬ŻٴγԼѵ硣
ôԼǰĲ²⣬ʵ֮еˣضڻԼһѣ
ˣ˭

ʵڣĵ£޾ĺڰ֮УȻһϵ̾Ϣ
Ȼڴ˵عȻҲ̫֮ӰĴڣվʧˣֻǲ֪ܷлǺˣ
ûлˣ
ͻȻһº͵ڰĵ𣬽һ˽ĺԶԶۣӣ
Ӳģ
䣡
ޱߵĺڰͻȻ˷ĺˮȻͬη˲Ϣ֮䣬ڰԭ޾ĺڰѸٱǧɴСһɿֲҲڰ˳
ۣӰе˼ֻϧ֮˥㶼ɲװȫҰɣ
䣡
º£ǶѾ˰ɴСĺڰȻըⲻ֪жûвâĺڰ֮أȻ
֮Уһһ£ɣߣ¡
Ӱأһ˿Ӱӣһϲڲϲ⣬û뵽һ̣ȴǼĹâ
ˣӰأ
һī磡
ȥӰصʬ壬仰֮˾Ѿʧ٣ֻվɫƽ̺ޱߺҶ
Ҷû뵽нսԼһѣȻӰأ
ûбˣûʹ࣬Ҷֻޱߵŭ޾ĻںޣһԲĬĬĽӰصʬͬ磬ȻתȥŲɸһ׷ȥ
׷ϣûκε壬ΨһãܹҶΪĺʬ
ī磬ʼձԼʬɣԼǱ޴
磬ѾõӳҲ΢˴УҺӳϻº
磬ţϻ꣬Դ壬ҶҲ裬
磬Ҷĵͽܣӽͼϻ꣬ͬԻԽ磬ԸľګǬ
Ǻϻ֮꣬Ҳ֮ʧӦͬѾ
˵֮ǰϹǵҶеˣǧ˪ӰصҶ÷ŭô裬䵱ǬʱҶѾʧȥеĸо
йԼԱ꣬ҪһڵѾǱǰˣʵ̫࣬ԱĻᶼ
Ǳһʬ⣬һ߶ʧĿܣľĸֻһһεȥΪԼѣΪԼͽܣȥȡǵʬ壬ĬĬķ磬Ȼ飬ȥȡһʬ塣
һľһϷΪԼΣֻΣԶԶûн
̵УΨһ֧ȥģǶԼĺޡ
ޣѾߣȺѾ޷κκζȡֺޣҲϵԽԽࡣ


2051 
磬ȸ½͸ҶʶʼսҶɴ磬ʼոߵǸòھµľβѩѩ裬
ҶĶͽܣʥսĺˣɹھʥдµĹؿս죬
ҲҶǰȥʱҶѪԭֻ޵İ׷˲ɢһ룡
ھǰ飬ҶҲûж࿴һֻۣĬĬĽ˵ʬս磬Ȼվһӣڵȴ飬Ÿǰһ磬ɱһѡ
ҶڵӣʼδºЦݸӵŨˣСʦܣڷսǲ٣ʣӦҲ˰ɣ
ҶûзӦ
ʣƺҶ֪ɣǸõ֮Ĵͽɣͷǣĺ˳ͰԲԣӦû˰ɣ
ȻԼԴȵĵˣôأ˺ҵĹϵҲǳʥս࣬ҲսУ
ҶԾûзӦ
СʦܣĻϷɾû˼˰ѵ㲻ãԼĺѣԼͽܣԼֵܣһԼǰһȤѵ㲻úܹ񫣬ܼ𣿡
Ҷ˷Ӧ̧ͷ˫ͬһ̲ˮ۾ɨһۣɫƽĵܹ񫣬ܴ̼룬һУȲһ죬ǰܣʱҪӵĹ񫣬ӵĴ̼
鶸ȻЦ˼˼ⷴӦŶҶٸһᣬղ˵УԳɱһˣôҾһΣ
ҶӦͻȻһ֣һ֮УһӰȻҶǰȱžܾҿ㿴ݴ񡣡
Ҷ˫ˮһ۾ڿǰͻȻֵӰʱȻһ˿
ǰ˫۽գͬ˯һŮˣȻǵѾԼе
ҶֱԼ۾ļǵãһԼţԼۿޡ
ҶķӦЦеĵøе⣬ҵô׵ľأﹻֻҪɱһѣҾΣ
Ҷ˫ȭѾȻսʼżΣŮӣɵɵϲԼɵɵעԼɵɵûκ˰£ΪԼսУɵɵıƻ󣬳Ϊڱ֮󣬻ɵɵΪ˾Լʧȥ
񣬾ȻһٴθĻᣡ
Ҫ˵ҶģǲܵģɱԼѣͬҲǲܵģ
Բ𣡡
˵֣ҶǺľȫжѪãԼͷβƺˡԲ֮⣬ûκλ˵
ɭ֣Լ汻عץߣԼֻ˵Բ
Լİ⣬Լֻ˵Բ
ΪԼֻ˵Բ
Ϊ˾ԼԼǰԼֻ˵Բ
ڣһԸĻᣬԼȻֻ˵Բ
¶һ˿ź飬ʼǲҪݴˣҲֻϣպ㲻ҪڣˣϢôʱ䣬ϷüˣһϣܹҸǿĶ֣˵սΣҼȻɱһΣȻҲɱڶΣ
黰£ѾӰһͬʧ˫ȭյҶȻ̧ͷ˫УѪ֮⡣
ԭʥս飬ǰ죬У
ʲôҶӰҲ֮ʧڴʥս죬һ˿ϣҲԼʹʥԻأ
磡
սһ磬ʥսȻϥߵһɽ֮ϣֻǴ˿̣޷
Ϊ֮ǰһѪʧĸоȫ֣ףԼΨһĺˣѾˣ
Ȼ񣬵ʵĲҲ̫Ը֪ĵɱԼ˵ģ͵ɱԼģͬһˣˣҲⱲ޵ˡ飡
Ҷ֮ǰ֪ݺͱ仯ûиҶΪɱ顣
Ȼ֪ҶϷĻôҲҶ飬ǼҶ֪ˣҲûκΰ취ȥֹΪ
֮һ֣


2052 淨
սȻվ˫֮бһɾս⣬ƵעԼǰǸʼձŵĵӣͬʱһ˦ֱӵ֮⡣
ǰĿ֮УȻһ޴ѷ죬˳ҶȻҲ˳
飡
սĺѾ֮ϵ֣ȻǼͬʬһҶ֮ʱиֳ˾޴𾪣ǰ׵ͷǴʹۡ
ϴκҶֿʱ䣬ʱҶ緢ڵҶȴнľ¶͸¶һŨŨľ
˫۾֮Уһ˿⡣
ʦ֣Ҫɱ㣡
Ҷֱӳֻɱս죬ӶԼһ˿ϣ⵽ȿڡ
Ҷ£ս췢һЦ֪ҵһ죬Ѿܾˣ
ٿȻսɫһ˫ĿĶ飬֮սҲݣ
ӳֵڣʼЦݣ˫վҶս˵ƺһһ
ֱʱ΢΢һЦս죬ô˵Ҳʦ֣Ŀ𳤣˵ãҪúýѵѵˣģ
죡
սһŭ쳹أ飬սûʦ֣ҲѪһŵĴˣ죬ҪʦŻ
䣡
һ޷ս⣬Ȼս֮Ͽӿǿɽ纣
һ̣ضʼ˺Ȼ̮֮ϸǾƬƬͬǽƤһʼ
֮䣬ݷһȫʧֻʣ޴ڵս⣡
ҶԼǾһӿһɲɿ֮ܵУԼݷһƬҶǷս⺣֮еԼݷһֻϣǸ߲սɽϷ
Ժ֮У֮˺ʣ˲뵽һֵĻ֮У
ʱ˿̣ҶǰҶԺ֮УΧһжѾʧֻһ⣬УȻһɹս⣡
ս⴫ϣҶݷΪˣĵغİ֮£ɪɪΣڵϦ
ս֮һĨɱ
ָоֻɲǼɢ֮ľһȫͬĸо
Уӹдս֮УҶܵһֲһֱʤľģһս޲ʤľ
أԴ֮һս
ս֮
ҶȻʱ˿̣ͬʦ־͸Լʱһʥս죬ԽͬķʽԼ˽ĵս
ͬʱͬйעĵ񣬷һĸпս찡ս죬ȻûʧȻڲ֪սֻǲ֪£˶١
¡¡
УΪսսӵϵľ磬ϵķ֮ǾʱһֻͻȻ˺Ƭա
ֻ֣Ҷսıͬʱˣ
񣡡
ڣм֣
㣡ʦֿߣ
ҶȻֻͻȻ֣ԼĶʦ־ڸץߣû뵽죬Ȼٴγ֡
ֻ֪صĵȻҲֻӵеսܿģս
ΪʲôҪߣսɫȴͻȻĻָƽֻԳԼץĵҪˣҾ͵ڱҵĵս
սһŭȻ侹Ȼһߵľˣһ㣬Լ˫ȭս⣬Ȼľ֡
䣡
˫ȭݺݵĻ˾ֵģ죡
һ̣ѣ
񱩵γһ޷ķ籩ϯȥ̼䣬羹ȻľͿʼˡ

սĴ˫ȭεĵ˾ֵģǾȴײ֮˲ǧɴС
һɸߵս죬ھֵǰͬһֻһ㡣
ȻСȴвηֻϧžֵĺ£սС
ֻӷգڼյʱһɣͻȻ飬֮ս·䣬ҲұҪʱշսҪʲôϷֻǰˣߣԻһ淨
ʲô
¶˷ŭ֮ɫǾ޴ѷŭ񣡡
ѷ֮ûκλӦֻۿɼٶѸٺ£ȻתͷͻȻݺһ֣Ѿս͵֮ĵӣϢĻޡ
ҶعͻȻº͵ЦѾŨ˼£СʦܣϷԣǻ淨


2053 ı
ȻҶڵͬǺ޵˼£Ǵʱ˿̣µⷬȴ̲סһ˿ȸԾ
٣սԼֵܺͽܣ޹ȥˣ
΢΢һЦһҶֻǰһڣʱʧȥ֪
ڵ֮УͻȻһӰ飬˿·ȻһƬޱ߼ʵֻ֩֯Ĳ˿һ
Ƿ˽Ľ֮
Ϊ˱˽磬Բǰ˽磬ڵħ̼Ϊ˶ԸҶڵİ֮£Ѿţ֮ƿһ˿򣬴ӶԼɹĽ˷˽硣
ҲΪ˽뷲˽磬Լ룬Ͼõ
ҶΣͬʱƬ֮Уָһ㣬ʼڳ˯״̬Ȼ۾ֻ˫֮Уû˿еֻ޾
վޱߵߣһԲ
һ֣ͬԵҶҲ˹
ǰһУҶȻվĶƬ֮תҪʲô
Цŵһλᣬɱ
ҶȻܶҲоԼڵȫӡסˣڵԼͬһһ
㵽Ҫʲô
ҡҡͷ¶ϧ֮ɫСʦܣ޿ɾҩˣ֪ǴߣҲ֪ĵԣΪ˼ʦ֮飬ûɱңڣΪ˼Ů֮ĸ飬᲻ɱ
ҶųĬĻ
ϸ룬һΪֵЦ飬˶ٴ˶ٻ᣿㻹𣿡
ҶĬ˵ĻȴͬһһݺݵĳԼļ䣬Լʹ
ҶؽҧһһĵҵȷˣΨһģǵûɱ㣡
ٴҡͷûɱҵȷĴĴ㲻ɱ̹׵ĸ㣬һ̣ͻǰ˽磬ɱļˣɱѣɱػ磡
ʲô
Ҷ˵ͬʱһѪȻ˫ۼͿҪɳۿĵ飺飬ҪǸҶҵļˣҶ磬ҡ
ɱңǲǣЦŴҶĻҸɱҵĻᣬˣڣȻһλᣬֻҪ̶ɱҾͱ֤ļ㣬ɱɱ
ɱɱ
ɱɱ
Ҷֻʣڲϵĺ¡죬ûɫݣûиĿ⣬ĺ궼ڲš
֪Ի˵Լɱô϶ǰ˽磬ȴ硣
ڵǱȫˣûԼʶͬһ߿ܣһʬһֻᰴķԸȥκ£
ǣԼܹĳɱɵɵģʼճԼŮأ
㣬ҵ磡
ҶĿ³һ
ǵģˡ
ػ൱дУӲµһأֻҪ⴦أҪУдҲ޷ǿи档
⣬ǵ֮
ûҶκ˶޷磬ҲУ
ٴҡͷҶ֮гһǽ磬ԣΪˣҲ޷ֹҶ˵ڱҪӵĵѾ֧飬ȻڵҲͬ˺ۣס
ǵģ
Ҷ֪ʱΪԼֵ֮ʱԼĵĶҡ³һ˿ѷ죬սһһĿԼǵõ֮ѾǶѺۡ
ԼԼ
룬߱ԼĵǵȻҲӦޱ
ο򲢷ȷԵסס񣬵ǵסؼҵˣ
磬磬ĸ磬ֻҪԸ⣬ܳͨĽ磬ļҡ
Ļ׵ĻҶһ˿֡
ȻΪһ죬Ѿ׼˺ܾúܾãŻѡ
Ĭ˺ܾúܾ֮ҶٴοʳĻȴǶ飺ǲֻҪɱͿϷŹ磬Źҵ˺ѣ
Цŵ˵ͷǵģֻҪɱҾͷŹ磬Ź˺ѣ
˵ͬʱһذ׵ҶС
ӹذףһõĳĬ֮Ҷǰû˿ĸ᣺Բ
ۣ
Ҷ۾ؽҧȻеذ״̽ĿڣһѪֱӽϡ
ȻʱһĶ𣺡Ҷ磡
飡
ͬʱҶ֧ĵģȫı


2054 ŭ
ҶͬʱеĵͻȻһصŭ𣺡飬ƭң
ŵŭǺڰ֮϶Ȼɢһɰ֮嫵ǿ֮Ȼһɫĵƣ飬۳һ磬ĩ֮һ㣬ݺݵ˷ȥ
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˲Ϣ֮䣬ǿ֮ǳΪ˻ҽֻʣȼǳȻڡ
ȻվǱǳҪӴ΢΢ţȻԿֲǿգҲδеŭȫй
ҵ֮Ӵ˿̿ʼأɱҶɱһˣ͵һöɱˣ͵һأ
ⷬһŷ籩˲ϯ죬ÿһλĶУǵҲ֮˲̺ܵŭ⣡
𾪣
ǲܳãǵļ֮УûмŭΣҲ֮ǰŸոԸ·֮ǰκ˲öҶ
ת֮䣬ͱˣҪɱˣ
Ȼ׵׷ʲô£ǵõ˷ŭǵ͵Ľȴÿһλ϶¶̰֮ɫ
̷һö൱ӵһֵȻĵǸݵкܴĿܸĵӶȫմֵǾڵĽսսһֻԼġ
ڵø죬ܹɳΪһ࣬ǾͲö֪ˡ
֮ô˵ܹõ͵κ˵һĻԵΪֹΪ֮κε飡
ˣڵ´֮񼸺ȫӵչͨŴ˿ڻ֮еҶ׷ɱȥ
ķӦеķŭƺŵõй彥ƽ˫ǧƵ۾ų޾Ĺâ
飬ƭңⲢļƲߣƲߣѾﻮʮ֮ãȻҶ˭ߣ֮
ҶҶϧѻ٣ô
һ·ĿһҪɹ
˵仰ƺһ㣬建£뵽˺ڰ֮УһָֻƽֻʣѾʧ˴ǳĿտ档
ͬʱǷսУĸ֮УȴҲһΪ飬ͬʱ
һΪ׶ڣΪһȺ֮곬֮󣬿г³һʵһ˿ݣĵ⼸ξ޴𶯣ȻǷڴ˽磬ȴܲսбȻ˴£ֻǾʲô£Ϊ޷ƽ
ڰһƮޱעŰһ
Ӿǽӵ˽Ҫϧһд۴Ӱϵʥ긫ڶ԰֡
Ȼû뵽ȻѾҵ˽ϵʥް׻ҽ˻긫У˫֮ѹ
գսܣǺͽ֮ϵҲ긫һնϡ
˽Ŀƣʧһ㣬ʱʼһֱͬԭһڰӰΣֱ˽졣
ҲûиߣԼʵҲ֪֮ԸԼȫΪ긫Ͱ׻˫֮ڽŽ
Ű£ķۺȻԼǰĿͬˮһ䶯֮£һӰ
һ£òӢϣʼչһº͵Цݡ
ʥӣҶʦ֣飬ǰҪһæ

ڣһȺò죬ȴһ׺֮ڷıУȺ޵ǰһͷɫľǣٶ죬һɫһ㡣
ͻȻǼеӰȻͣ£ﵽ˽ǧҲֹͣͬͬҳϵľһκ˼п֮ġ
ʵҲˣЩ޵УǾǵĻʣǵĸԸ׷һ顣
˫Ѫ˫֮۳ѪɫͷĬĬעǰͻȻֵĿռѷ죬Ŵ߳ǸºЦݵĺˡ
ǣ̰ǣҶʦ֣飬ǰҪһæ

˷ڣҲͬĿ¶⣬ǰͻȻֵºЦݵĺӡ
ɣ֮Ҷ֮ͽҶʦ֣飬Ҫһæ

ܽڣһ߰ȵʯ֮Уߵһʯ֮ϣ˳ϥ˫Ŀգͬ붨һ㡣
ͻȻ֮䣬˳Ὺڣһ̾Ϣ֪ˣ


2055 ΣͿ־
æҲ
ǰǺҪ֮󣬸һģһĴ𰸣һնǺڿĿ֮У͸һɵɱ
ֻдܽڣʼձĿ˳Ȼ۾ǳһţ̾˿Ҫ֪ҶҶǰֵܣҶǺǵˣҶɵʦȥЩ£ΥԼģĴģ
˳ǰ֮һʯ֮ϣЦݵĿһԲӦ
Ƭ̳Ĭ֮˳Ȼվǳ֣עæֱǣʲô⣬˳Ȼл㣬Ҳһܲ
¡
˳£Χǧʯͬʱ̮м޾̳
ȥ˵ˣ
䶨پޣһжָƽ

֮УҶ˫ĿɳۿĿǰǴһĨЦݣѪֱƺһС
֮ԳɱȻΪܹԼˣԼѣԼ磬ҲΪһ˿Ҫѵ뷨
ʧ꣬ɥʧǣͬһʬ⣬֮⣬κ˵Ļ
ʹĻȥսѡ
뷨ҲǸԼһ˿οͽڣҶմ̳еذס
ȻġҶ硱֮ʱȴȻ֣Ѿָǣ꣡
ǸԼ֮У
ֻǣʱѪ磬ϴһĨЦݣ˫ĿĿǰҶƺûע⵽ԼĿϣѾ룬Ծذס
һ̣Ҷĵģױڳ׵ıѰңֵ

Ҷһѱסֹס¹䣬ڣҶϣԼղûд̳һذס
ſͣƺлҪ˵ǲϴӿӿѪȴ˵һֻĿ⣬ĿҶƺҪӣĿתֻأԶɢҪμסԼʼհŵˣ
ڣ۾棡
ǴЦ뿪ģϲû˿źƺܹҶĻУѾˣ
㡭
Ҷֱӹ֮У຿
ΣοԼĻȥһΣΪڶΣȴԼɱ
ҶĹʬ֮ǰͬһʯ
һʼմЦעһе飬ڿһĻʱڿǴЦݣЦŵʱ࣬Ǳһֺֻݺݵסһ׶ĵĴʹϯȫ
Ϊ֮ǰҲһŮˣЦݣԼУԼĻУ
Ȼɴʹûóֳκʹı飬ݷϵЦݣŵĸӲá
֮ڣʱݷֹͣҶ˴˾վš
Ȼһ⣬ҶҶ˰ɣֵǶôĴɣĵɣ
Ƭ̵ļž֮ҶڣŨɳƺͲɣһĺһ㣺ҵĵѾ㣬Ҫô
ҼǵҸ˵ɱ֮ʱҪȫʱ򣬵ȫʱ򣬵㣬һʱڣأ
ҶȻ̧ͷ˫̺֮޾ĳޣӴĺ⣬ƺܹضΪҶĿ֮£Ҳ̲סһ˿⣬˿ת˲š
飬˵ֻҪɱͷŹҵļˣŹҵѣŹ磡
ʼ˵ڣбҪԸļˣԸѣԸ磡
˭
Լɣ̵ҡҡͷ˵ʵҶţѣֵܣͽܣҪˣ
ǰһƬ֮£һĻչ˳ǻ֮УҶΪϤ硣
Ȼʱ˿̣֮⣬վһȺ˺ޣ
ҶûĻΪע̱һȺ˺
࣬Ҹ׺ޱȣҶûЩޣ˫ĶվȺǰ˺һͷɫľǣ
˳ɣǣ
ǣҪʲô
Ҷģͬ꣬һ̣ͻȻľҲһĪΣŨŨĿ־壬˲ȫ
ĸԼԽԥǵˣ˿һֱ䣬пᣬѪ飬ע磡
ɱ
˳һ£˼Ⱥޣһֲӿȥ


2056 ֻͬ
ɣСʦܣֵܣͽܣھҪɱˣɱѣݻٵļң
˳ǴɱʱҲ
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֮Уһ촫ڣߵâֱʣâ֮߸Ӱûվ֮УĬĬע˳ˡ
߸ӰҶ磬ҶҵĲӡ
ˣҶǱѾкȻ¶һ˿ϣΪ֪ӵʵǿԶԶǿ˳ͺǣֻҪĲԱ֤İȫ
ȻһĻȴͬһشݺݵϡ
֮еĳ棬Ȼ˳һͷȻٴλߵâ³硣
˵ĳ룬ڣɽ˲˲ɺԣ˲㡣
ţ˳ޣ󣬳磡
ٴӭһ޴ĺƽ٣
ҶѾ˼£
۾ȥгֵһУ۾޷ϣֱѪй䡣
ԼΣԼ֮д˺Ѱʹȴ˵ʵ
Լõֵܣ˳ǺͰԼйѪһŵͽɣбԼշĸԸԼߵĲӣ˿̣ǾȻȫǱ˸һչһɱ
ס֣ס֣סְǣɣǵļңɱģǵѣסְ
Ҷ˻ߵ˻ţѪϵǰ׵ͷ˲ȫף
ǣҶܴ뵽ڣֻĿţϤĻһʧԼˣһ
Ⱥˣȫʿ赲֮
һ֧ʱ䣬ѾһѪɺʬɽ
ԼүүһҧϲӵʱҶǾҲ壬ͻȻ侹Ȼͣ
˲任һһѪᣬƽעǰĻ档
һĻжȻһ˿ײļͻȻһӣǰĻʱɢ
ڻɢҶûκεķӦɾվϣȻ¶һº͵Цʵ𣿡
Ҳ˲֪Ҷ仰˼ȴʮܸɴһͷУֻҵҲ޷㿴棬ֻܸ㣬ͬ飬Ĺ֮Ҳţ֣ȺѣɱģĹеĹˣУӣĪ磡
𣿡
ⷬƺûдҶû˿ͣٵļƽʵ
ƽû˿أû˿һûиκθһ
˿ܹҶĻͻ֣ᷢ˳ò֮⣬ʼֱͬһһ飡
鿴Ҷ˵ͷѵ֪һжôΪʲôҪô㣿Ϊʲôֵܣͽܻȥɱˣȥݻļ𣿡
˵
ҶĻشʮּ򵥣һֶѡ
ʦⶼʦħİţ
ҶڿԼѾԼֵܺͽܶԼɱʱķŭͲʣȫɢΪ˿µƽǴʱ˿̣仰ȴٴ΢ɲ΢΢һ
ʦ
ǵģʦЦŵͷȻ֮£˭ܹңҺҶڵʱ꣬޳ԹΪҪô㣿ֵܣѣǺͬ㣬ΪʲôͻȻȥɱˣ
һУʦİţ
ĿһѾ»ָƽҶ˵ȥʦʮǰڰŽ֮£֮Ѫһֻ֮ܳΪҴӦʦΪŶԸӣ
֮꣬ʮĹԼսһеһжΪã
ΪʲôʦҪʲô
ԺȻ֪ڣҪȷ㣡
£ͻȻ̧Ҷüĺݺݵȥ
飡
һҶը
Ǳһɿ籩˲ӿҶһŲɵֿĿ˲佫֮ڵһȫӲĺƬ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾоʹΪֻϡݷصʮǰǸɽȣǿװԼ׹ײĵİ޳ʹʱ
޳ʹһȭ׾ٵĺԼĵԼΪһˣ
죬һƣǳ׵ķԼȫΪԼٴαһˡ
ʷݣͬһֻأ
Ϊֹֻɣ
Ѿ˻ԵҶһΪΣ
ڶȻӿֳޱ޼ʵеͷд󣬽ţЩͷԼٶת֮䣬ɷԲҶεİ


2057 ɱ
ƬŨ˼µ֮£º͵Цʧȡ֮һʹ࣬ŻԲѣѾ˷˵Ҷ¶һ˿Ĵ飺һˣСʦܣ֮ҵ㣬ɱң
£˫ֿ־дʣ֮֮ӡ⣡

һԭͲӿʱͬһ㣬ӿ˫֮䣬۳԰Ƶͷӡǣһ񶼻еڵǿ϶ΪһһöͷӡǣȻҶꡣ
ҶһѪΣͻȻͱͷӡǸεİһ˷ŭĺѪ֮дⲻסң
˲ͱͷӡǸѹȥһĺڹ⣬Ҷ
˫ֲʮָ֮ϾȻѪ߰ߣȴٴһ֣һӰǰ
һˣȻ˫۽գȴһƬ֮ɫӣ߰˷ֵҲĶӣ壡
Ȼ۾ǰĸףɨһã֮ɫģôҲڷս𣿡
⣬ŷԼĸһִδйĳ˴ȰĿ⿴ԼֻĿŨŨΡ
кݺݵһ£¿ʼȻʼ΢Ц֪Ц֮û˿顣
ڲͬЦݣԼеůԼо飬ӦԼĸס
ôˣ
ȻķͷϣЦŵԲ㣡Ƿģֻ±ٻˣ

һ𣬸˵ЩʲôһɿֲѾ˲Ӹ׵УԼڡ
ЦЦ֮䣺ίˣģһ㻹иĿܣϣСʦ㸴
ЦУȻһӿ롣
ϴ𾪺ͻ֣̿һ˿˿ãˣ
һ֮ȴ˲侲ʮָȻڲϵĿס־
֣֮л꣡
ֻõֹǳ˿УȻҶץȥ
ꡱҶ꣬Ȼͬʱ˺һ˿
˿꣬һйâǣһ꣡ڣ
ֹֻǣץҶһ˿꣬Ȼ˸λãٴ̽Ҷ֮С
ʱһ֮£Ҷ˿󲿷ֵ֮У˿Ҷ󲿷ֵ֮С
˿л꣬Ψһ
£һҧȻһԼӵ壬ʱ廯һֻ̲ʣһԴֵǣʱ˿̣Դڿٵĸıš
ģȻҶ
ûȥԴٴβٿһֹֻǣҶסȥ
һֹǾȻӲĴҶקʮѪӣ
飡
һʮѪһƺܹľ֮£۳һѪ
룡
һȣΧԾŨͷǣͻȻѪ֮ӿ롣
ģѪ֮Ѫһ˸еϢѪ֮
ҶΧЩȴԽԽ٣ֱȫʧȫ뵽ǿѪ֮С
ѪҲ˾˵Ѫ⣬ŨѪ֮ˡѪ
ͻȻ̧ݺݵһԾɻԵҶϣСʦܣҵ㣬ɱң
һŵҶ֮ϣͿҶʱһ⣬Զжȥݺݵײͷ˽罻֮ǲɵɵ֩ϡ
飡
ҶΪȫʧѾ˱˷ˣȻ֮ô׵Ĵֱ֩·ȥ
˽ǧ磬ǧ֮⣬޾գҶ壬ûκĻԶ֮б״ֱ̬
Ȼʱ˿̣ҶΪɵΪҶ֮УǸɽ֮УȻһϵ֮
ĸֵķڲϵҶü֮УȻһģĹââݷҲ֮һ˿С
˿ҶŵĻôͻ֣ᷢâ֮УȻƣƣǹ֮еơ
â𣬻һ룬ҶͻȻʧ١


2058 ʲô
֮ڣͻȻϢĳʮӰǰĲԶһ˷ܺĴЦ֮Ȼ

ʧȥڣ¶飬־Լ壬ȴҶԴ־ǵѪЦҶѪڵˣ
˵ͬʱһԼüģѪʱʧ١
飡
һȴʮӰ֮𣬴ĴЦ黺תǡ
ǣΪСʦ𣿡
ʱ˿̣ϾȻûͬʽºЦݣеֻǷɽһĺ䡣
򵥵һ仰ȴʮӰУͬʱӿһɾ⣬ߣȻ̲סĵĵһ
֣Ще˼£Ҳ񣬺ȫͬȵݣǾȻһ仰ݷ޷ܡ
ˣøӵĿ£ӵ飬Ҳӵķݡ
ͬʱʼĬĬעһеĵȴǷһղΣҵ֪ʲôȡҶڵѪȻɱҶңҲȷҶΪ˼٣ͷȷҶûҶĻϢ
ҶıʧܣѪҲȡûҲǸˣȥˣ
ҲµĹȻûһеļƲߣȰźõģ
찡죬һСˣ
ΪȡҵΣϧɱԼӣԼˣԼѣԼʦܣϧķôõʱ䣬Ϊ˲֣˴ֱۣΪħۣ
㲼ôһֻ֣ΪѪĻҾԲţѪȫֵôԭȣΪΪҶҶҲǷˡ찡죬㵽Ϊʲô
СȥȻ⣬Ҳʱûд𰸣ԼԼĸоԼԺ֮Уƺʲô
о֮дһɹǿĲ
ֲÿоһѹһη壬ûκ˸ǰգȥ׷ʲô
Ϊǻĩ٣ܿ죬ͽֲ֮ɢ
ڣֲʱ䲢ʱɢֱʱԾû˸ҽ뵽֮С
ֱһ֮󣬲˴ŵӽգһϸ֮󣬷֮еĳƬʮ֮ڣǱ籩ϮһһƬǽ壬дƬƬѷ죬ԼָɢſֲķƬ
ֻûпһʬ壬ѪûһΣҲ֪Ǳǿֲѷ죬ʲôԭ
֮¾ȥˣȻŸֵĲ²⣬˭Ҳ޷óŷ֤ݣ֤ﵽ׷ʲô

ҶԼһΣһܿºܿµΣȻȻ۾ʱؿȻ䴫һǰδеʹ·ȫ±һ˫εľһ㣬зһҺߣԴһ࣬һѪ
ʹʹʹʹݵʹ
ͬʱͬˮһ㣬Ժлзӿ֪ԭзһУΣ
ԼˣԼˣԼͽˣԼļңûˣ
һеףȴԼֵܣԼͽܣԼʦ֣
ڣԼĵˣԼΪҲûˣԼ·˲صʮǰ޳ʹϵΪһ̣ǸʱԼõѪ
ѪȻҲûˣѪԼѪһеһУûˣ
Ҷ۾ͷϷһªéݶһ
вϵĻصһĻĻҵľԼĸĸԼүүԼˣһʱ龰
ûᣬҲûбӦеķŭûУ
ΪѾʧȥе飬еģֻ޾ĺޣ
֮ڴͬˮһһĹâڣҶѾˣڣֻҶҪȥĻȥֱиȥ飬ͳͳջиˣͳͳɱ
ڸԼһҶλϵظ֮ڸ޷֮У֮ǰѾĵ֮Ȼĸֳһ·
ţԽԽ·֣Щ·ǻһ㣬һľֱȫ۵һ𣬺Ȼγһģ
ֻǰҶĵʵģģǰɫģ
ͷ׷һѩɽ֮زİѩһ׵˼£׵˴ۣ
֣
ªé⣬ȴͬʱ߰˸ӰȫֹͣһжĬĬĽĿ⣬
һλһͷţ֮ϵĹϡߣһâĵԳԺģؾ۵ģ


2059 ָ
Ҷ֪Լڵı仯һ˫û˿鲨۾עݶ
ۣʹʹ޲˺ԼţԼĳݺݵ˺Ƭ
ʹ֮£Ҷƽ׶Ĵ̹ǵۣʼ˼е顣
ܴģȻ˵Ƿʦħ֡
Ҳʦ֣ɥʧϣ׵Լת֮
Ĳţһ飬ԼʼվʦʮǰͰźõġ
ֲòţΪѹԼֵһУľһ֣
һǴԼͿʼõľ֡
ֵĿģӦþǳ׵ĻٵԼݡߣ
ڣҶãǸ߸ϣĪĵмĿܾԼʦħ졣
ΪֻҳϵߣŻһа취ϧһд۵ȥɱߣ
ңѪһŵʦֵ֮У˵ģֻĸԸĳΪӣų񣬶ڣʥս죬ǿ϶ԼһǲԸⱻãյԼĵ֮󣬲Żᱻֱͨץߣ
Ҷڵ뷨һƫķߣҲȷȷģ
һ㣬飬ħ죬ǵ񣬶û뵽
Ҷģ۵ĸӵ
Ϊò뵽ױĻ棬˳ǵӰ
ǣ˳ô£ԼõֵܺͽܣҶˣΪʲôҪȥɱԼˣ磿
ԼˣʵҲǵˣ磬Ҳǵļң
죡ҶݶҧĿ֨죬йâ˸˳ǣɣ飬ʲôԭ򣬼Ȼɱҵˣɱǵˣ磬ôǾͱҪΪǵΪۣȫҪȫҪҪһһɱǣ
ҶȻӴϷ𣬲ԼȥԼ뵽Щ˹ȥĺã뵽ȥ֮飬ӶԼеĳޣ

˿ҶʼŬԼҪԼڵΪΣ
Ҫ뱨𣬱ָʵ
ȥ룬ԼģΪʲôط
ʵҶʱĿƽľϸ룬ͻᷢЩ֮ʵ͸źܶĲԾ
˳ͻȻ緢ûκεɣ
ֻΪ˴ݻĵĵĻɱʱĵľѾˣȫҪ˳ǻٵ磬ɱˣ
ϧҶѾɱ˫ۣɱǣ۵ǿģ׵Լ֣ػ飡
ڣֻɱˣ
Ҷ嶼ֻܸоڸûһ˿տҲ
һΪ磬Ǵӿȵڰ䵽һˣ
ִκ˵¶ԳܵĴǶҶ˵Ĳʲôݻٲ
ûѪʮиųΪ˵ľйҪǣһɳ޺;ģ
ȻܴӷˣһˣôڣȻܣ
ҶʼĵںܾǰѾ꣬޷֪Լĵﻹڲڡ
û˵ȻҲ޷ʵһ޴ѹء
һ˼֮ҶȻڵԣҵΪҵĵҺĶǡѪսѨλһѨλ൱һЩѾͨѨλѵպϣ
պˣֻҪٴͨһѨλôҾȻܹȻ
뵽Ҷ۾ȻһæʼȥתѪսķ
һ飬ûзӦ
飬ûзӦ
ʮ飬ûзӦ
һٱ飬ȻûзӦ
ǣҶȻƶļתķݷ֪ƣһ㣬ɺĺЩˣòΪ֮Ŀ
Ҷ֪ԼѾתһǧ黹һ鹦ʱͻȻ˼Ϊһ
¡
˵ֱⱲ
ʳָѨ϶Ȼһɵĺɫ壬
ѨҶⱲӴͨĵһѨλû뵽Ϊȫ֮󣬾ȻһͨѨ
ǴָĵҶͻȻðһоǾԼѾͨİٰʮѨλӦýֻǱʱȫ׵ıպϡ
ΪϾҲ㣡
뵽ҶеĹâˣ


2060 ٻҶ
Ҷ֪ĵС֮Уʼ»ָԼΪ
ң´ͨ˵һѨ֮ѨλôӦģͨѨλٶҲ𽥼ӿ졣
ʱ󣬴ͨѨλﵽȻȴûٴ۳ֻҶڵܹ֪ĳµľ磡
һʱ֮󣬴ͨʮ˸Ѩλﵽ
ʱ֮󣬴ͨʮѨλﵽ鳾
ʱ֮󣬴ͨʮѨλﵽ۷壡
ʮʱ֮󣬴ͨİٰʮѨλ»ص۷壡
һʱ䣬ҶѾָΪԸоԼʵǰҪǿһЩ
Ȼ
ΪҪɱ飬ǵи߸ϵԱҪԼȳΪ񣬲ӵɱʸ
ֻǣҪγҶȫûиµƲ⣬Ӧýĳַ֮ƿص¡
ҵ͵һ⿿޷ͨѨλķǶڵĸ򣬿Լĵ
Ҷ֪ĿԼ꣬Ȼһ֮£ȴʱһȻԼ֮ǿŲ֪ʱֵİɫĵģ
ǡ
ŵ֮УҶԵĸоһɱͲпϢϢҶİΪϢȫһ
飡
Ҷҧгݵ˵仰
ӣΪǴߣҼǰĵıһоµĵ⣬ҵﵽĳּµʱҾܺܿ۳µĵģ
飬㲻һֱ˵ҵǴҳϣҵȷǴģôڣҾͺúõĸ
ҶȻվ𣬼Ȼ֣ȻΪָôҲҪ˱չأҪȥԼȥԼΪҪɱˣ
Ҷһ´ߵűߣһƿţƿŵһɲǣ߰˸ӰȻ˲ʧȫ˿֮һ
ųԼǰģɽȵʱҶȻĲ
ǳϤ
Ϊ൱һʱ
Ҷ磡
Ҷиֳ֣
صҶ磬ǰֵɽȣҶйܶ²⣬ǲֲ²⣬ţбȻסһĴߣ
ңλߴڵʱҲȻǼΪľԶΪڸԼһΪ֮ĵ͸¶Ĳɣ
ҶĬĬĶǰɽȣȫԼΪʲôͻȻط
Լκεطе棬ֱӳǵھ춼νȴû뵽ԼȻҶ磡
˭ģѵ飿Ҷð뷨ҡҡͷܣҶڷ˽磬Ϊ񣬸ܴ򣡡
ͻȻҶ뵽˴˿ǰָΪ̣Ȼͷŷ֣ʲôéݣ
һвΣ
ôֻһֿܣһλͨߣ˵λ֮ĴߣԼʲô
һ̣Ҷͫ΢΢һƬ̣ȻɽȵĹȿȥ
Ҷ磬ʼճ˺棬ȻԼĪ֣Ҳڤڤ֮УܹԼ⿪Ҷܣ
ͬʱҶ֮ڵһƬ֮УŰ˸ӰһǰǸţĹϡߣֻڵȻͬһòµͷţҲǼΪģʱɢһ
һ׳֮ɫĿߵϣǷڸࣿ
Ϊϵ߻ҡҡͷԸһ㣬ֻոոڸΪʱ磬׵Ĳȣʧܣֻеȵ֮ʱܸȫ࣬ǹ࣡
ǣβܴɣһ׿Խ΢΢üȴޱȵᡣ
һƤ׷һЦܼ򵥣ɱˣԽɱ֮ˣɱԽ࣬ĸҲԽ죬Խ
ɱֻ֮ǡһ̧ͷ֮ɫĿһϣȻҡҡͷ
΢΢һЦӰȻٴģ˼ֵţĪңȻǵʱ䲻ˣɱҲҪɱɱ֮ˣɱ֮ˣеǣ
ҲΪǺˣܹ˾ӳʮ꣬㵽˸ջʱϣҶҪʧʧܵĻľûκλˣ
˵֮ˣһȥҶҪСϼӣȻ£òȴ̼ʮꡣ
ϵ˵ͷǵģɰܾڴһ٣컯ܹõ٣ɣ
ϻ£ҶǰǲȻ߷ֿ¶ɽȵĹȿڣ


2061 
Զֿ¶ȿڣҶĸоʼԼĪɽȣմ˴ţӭԼĽ롣
ôԼ룬ǲ룿
˵ʵҶһ뵽ҶӣּʧľȻ¡
뵽Լ֮ǰǸϵ͸Լ֮ȴƺʾˣԼûж⡣
΢һ֮Ҷ¶һ˿ԳЦݣҶҶڵ㣬ʲôù˼ɵأ
£Ҷ˫ţǵɽ֮ȥ
һ·µĴȿڣɲǣҶͫȻٴΪʱ˿̣ǰľȻһСׯ
Ȼɽ֮ƣɽ֮ھȻһƬ̧ͷۿƣ£֮ŨԶԶҶȥκһ磬κһط
ͷȥѾǸɽ֮⣬һľС·ͨһƬççɽ֡
С磡
ҶʱڣӦĳλܿٳһ磬ɽȻһַֹ˽롣
ȻҲԼܹ롣
ׯʵ̫Сֻܹоż䷿ݣ˿żӶǴŶȴӰ
Ҷа⣺żӣס˾Ÿˣ֪ʲôǸ֮ˣӦþ֮еһˡ
ʱȻһƵײҶԶԶ
ﬣﬣﬣ
ҶһҪſΪ˽⣬ɢпᣬ졣
ż䷿ȻǴŶóȻ룬ҲǲףȻǾӦˣһȥ
뵽Ҷתߣѭķ򣬴󲽶У뵽ɽ֮УȻײҲԽԽ
Ҷϸֱ棬øͷġ
Ȼǰ֮Ҷڿһ׳һͷĿһʮ׸ߵĴ
Ҷ׼ڵʱ鶸ȻסĶ׳Ÿͷ˫֮ϡ
󺺻踫ͷĶʮֶͨȴҶĪðĸо׳˶˫֮ϣÿһ˿ô
ƺΪ˻⸫ͷڵģ
ֵĸоҶߵĻȥĬĬע󺺵Ķ
ҶĬĬĿţƺ֪ҶĴڣڻеĸͷһ̣Ҷٴ¶֮ɫ
Ϊִ󺺿ǿȻһ˺۶ûУ
ֱͨ۵ĻӶͼεı仯ҶһԵĸоǾǴÿһθͷĻӳǼ
һô֮ϣȴһССѺ۶ʵ˷˼ȷʵͨľʲôʵļ
Ҳ˵Ҳܽϡ
ȻҶܹһ㣬ô󺺱ȻҲܷ֣ȴԾɲ֪ƣﲻϵĻŸͷϵĿø
˹Ҷ˳˼֮У˫֮нĸֳһ㵭Ļɫ
ʵֱҶûпȥ룬ûзϵΪ˸Ѩλͬʱڵ
ȻĻţҲһܴ֮һػ۷塣
Ȼ⼸͵Ĵۣ֮ҲȻڣ
ڴ֮£Ҷ˴ÿһθͷĻӳ֮϶ᴫһ˿˿Ҳâ
֮򣡡
ҶȻϳ˴󺺻Ӷͷ֮ʱ֮򣬵ȴɳĬۿ
֪ùȥҶ۾ȻٴεԲΪȻ֣Ǳ֮ϣȻÿϵʱ򣬺ȻҲᵴһ˿˿âõǴиͷ֮ƾμôŻʼˣ
֮򣡡
һ󺺻踫ͷ֮䣬Ȼչֳַ֮
ͷìܵķ֣֮ìƶܣҲ˲ì
Ҷӹ仰ʱͻȻ뵽ʲôֻʮֵģ޷ץס
Ҷۿ֪֮УҶ˫־ȻҲľգ֮״ȴһͷ
еĸͷһεĴӿ£ȥ֮ʱҶȻźʹһģһĶ˫գǰ޿ȥ
˼򵥵һȴҶڵһ̣֮ͬˮһ㣬˳˫ֿӿ
һУҶȴǸûзһΪȫٿǴٴһķʽתӶסԼһλӶֱ
ʱ˿̣Ǵׯһ֮Уοĵ˵ͷԲһµʱ䣬ϡȾ磬մ˿ʮʱ䣬Ҳܹ򵽾ַ֮Ӷٵλ
һ䷿֮УλһԲĬĬĵַ֮Ȼܹ񣬵ֻ֮ҸϣܹҰ֮Ե񣬳ɾ֮λ


2062 ƽ
Ϊ·һһַ֮£ҲǴʿѡѶȽϵͣǳ֮ʵҲͬͣΪħڷ
ڶ·ַ֮ŷһѶȼ󣬵֮ʵϸߣΪ
·ԵĵΪ͵֣ǵ֮Դĵǵ֮󣬸õĵ򱻳Ϊ񣬶飬ǸΪ
ڵû֪ͨ·е˵Ǹд֮˵ֱӸдַ֮ʽϵĴڣ

Ҷվһ߿Ŵ󺺻ӶͷһԼҲŴ󺺵Ķޡ
ݷǲ֪ƣһ㣬ʼղظʱ䣬һС
Ϊ㣬ҶõģİٰʮѨλʼﵽһѭĹ̡
ģҶյ˫֮䣬ȻһõĸͷǰȻҲһõĴҲǸͷǴȻʹ󺺵һģһ
ڲϵظ֮УҶַ֮˽⣬ԽԽҲץס˵Լģͷƽ⣡
󺺵ͷʼձһƽ״̬ҶǻӳȥǷһִһСҪģƽ⣡
ʱһĹȥ֮ҶڳɹĻһƽ״̬֮ʮܹεƽ⣬һʱҶڳ׵ƽ⡣
˿̣ʹ󺺵ĶѾȫһ£һ˺ӰһǼתһģһ
ʱѾһ긫ͷĴ󺺣иͷͻȻı䣬һͷ֮󣬾顱һ죬ǿűһ궼δ˿˺۵ĸͷȻֱӱͷȫȻأ
ͬʱеĸͷҲǡ䡱һƬ
飡
ȻתҶһЦˣ
ҶĶͬȻֹıȴͬһзȥĻصŴһͷĶ
֮ͷ֮һȻǴ־Եƽ⣬飬ȴǡǡһƽ⣡
ʳ仰֮󣬸ͲҶЦת뿪Ծ˳˼еҶ
СһԲϣҵɣܷ͸˼Ҫˣ
󺺵ӰʧҶվ֮ǰ󺺵ĿˣһʽսһʽһΪս
ǶڴΪȴǻȻ⡣
ĬĬվ֮ҶͻȻ߸߾ԼǱõĸͷڿлһߣݺݵĿǰǿõĴ֮ϡ
Ϣ֮У飡
Žʧ͸ͷҶĵƽãһƣܾ˵ĺǰ𣿡
Ҷһ仰˵ʱǴׯ֮еİ˸ˣȻ¶֮ɫϣ֮иǶһĨϲɫ
Ҷվһ֮תǴׯȥ֮ܿǾżŶķݣ˫ֱȭһݵҶðˣ֮ǰ
һЦż䷿֮Уа˼䶼߳һ
ˣŮٶУò죬ÿ˶ÿ˵ص㣬ñϡ
ҶһɨˣĿ⾹ȻֱӾţ֮ϣ֪ΪʲôϣҶܹеһ˿С
ңߵòΪƽԼȴ޷òӰ񣬸оת÷֮
Ҳ΢Цĵ˵ͷҾҪҵˣ
Ҷʩһлǰ
ߺЦһݣҶֳ֮ͬʩһлǰ֮
󺺹һЦǴˣδҵĵ
ޱȷδܸ򣡻У˵ؾǺεأΪλͻȻѣλǰܹΪ󣡡
ɽȣҶʵǳ˺棬Ǵ֮
ܿǴ󺺵Ϊ֮ߣƽ飬ҲδĶ֣ټλţߣĵ֮Լƾڵ޷ȫ֮ܽħ̼ķס֪ߵʵǷͬ졣
ˣȻܹסһ𣬴ӵλϿӦƽȣôЩȻǳǿߡ
һȺǿߣһСнһСׯסڴˣڶ֮⣬óϧߵ֮ʼղϵĸҶ磬Ӷκ˶֪Ĵڡ
Ѳ³ƺڶʲô
ܹȺֲ˶ŵģ־ʲôأ
ԼΪʲô


2063 
Ҷ⣬ţڳƬ̺ŻڵͽҶ磬ﱻǳΪǰˣȫǴߣ
ⷬҶ˵ֱһ㣡
Ȼ뵽ݶȻͬ죬Ǵ˿ߵĻʶԼǵ͹ˡ
ߣʮһ֣ȫǴߣҲζ˴ǰʮʱ䣡
ԣԼǾʮ꣡
ټѾĻҲǰ꣡
ʮһֵˣݹʮľŸˣȻôһССĴׯ֮У۵һ
ȥǾ𶯣
ҶͣȻ˵ʲôȴһƬհף֪Ҫ˵ʲôֻĬĬı͡
ԽϣΪҵ֮ҲȻĿģһЩеɻǻΪ𣡡
˵֮ⷬҲߴҶǺϾĿƺڸʱ䣬˼
ϾһγֵľŸ˾ۼһȷǼ˼顣
ʱţҶҲƽпٵ˼ʳԼеĵһ⣺ϣȻ߲ſɴΪʲôܶʿԼĵǺʹ֮䣬ʲôֱ𣿡
⣬Ҷܵ˽ڵĽ֮оɻ
ǴߣΪʲôҲƿؽ
ϿڣǸòѾȵԲôô򵥵ȴ벻ͨأ
ȻӿᣬҶ֪ٱԼʮʱ䣬ԴнѵĿǣҶҲֻš
ǧһжɳɵȻ˶ɸ˶գǵĵеĵǴߵĵǴһȫµδڵĵҲֻȫµĵȡеĴ
Ҷ΢һⷬ˼
ǧ仰˶ֻ֪˵ˣ仰˼
ǧֻǸ˵ֻǧ֣ʵϣһжܳΪ
Ҷ˵ͷܽˣǣʲôǵ
⣬ð˳Ĭ֮УϿڵǿһֱԴΪΪԴĵܻӦ֮Դݻܻ֮һô֮أ
Ҷ˼ϵĻȴܾе㲻ԣƬ֮ʳ˵⣺еĴʲô
οڵҡҡͷ⣬Ŀǰûܹش㣡
Ϊʲô
Ժ˵㻻һ⣡
Ҷ룬ʵΪǶʧˣ
Ȼʳеð֮⣬ҶҲ˲ˣϾܹͬʱͰ˸һĻᣬɲ̫࣡
ڴ˿̶һۺÿ϶¶һ˿Ц֮ɫԾڵΪǲдĶ֣Ƕʧˣ˵дĸ֮£ǵĵĲȫȻʧܡ
ȫҶ¶һ˿ɻ󣬲ȴûм׷ȥٻһΪʲôᱻ˵ʧ֮󣬶Ҫ𣿻Уǵڶʲô
Ҷʳ⡣
ϿڵǶܵģдҲǵΪʲôᱻΪ㴴ʧܣΪǡþϣɹˣǽ룬׼ǰ֮һ֮
𰸣ίʵҶϣе޷ܣΪʲôԼϣɹˡ
ҶķӦ΢΢һЦҲգҾͻشղŵ⣬еĴΪʲôû֪
һһ
˶ֻ֪ľ仰ʵϣһ仰Ӧǡţ
ţ֮£Ծ˸ɴͽŸĳ
򵥵һֱ֣ȴǽıȫ仯
л꣬Ҳ⣬ֻ꣬оŻ꣡
ţָľǵ֮Ż꣡
֮Ż꣬ڣҷɢھǧ統Уÿһ궼ֻܽأתͶ̥
ÿһ궼ӵʶͬһǿκһִڣ˵һһһʯͷ
ֻнŻ꼯룬þŻһ֪ĿӶܹ
ȻΪ˷ֹһ㣬ŽԼľŻɢ棬֮£Ͷ̥֮飬֪Լǵ꣬Ǿͬһһϵֻֻ֮ء
ǾŻȴһͬص㣬ǾǲתΪ飬Ȼܹһֵֻ
ҲѰҵ֮ŻΨһķ
˵ϵ齥ı֮Ż꣬һ˸ʵǿܹ˸꣬ɹɣôɣ
Ѿָ˼䣬Ѱ˸꣬ģҲ꣡


2064 Ҫ
꣬һ˸Ѿָ˼䣬Ѱ˸꣡
һҶ˵ֱͬ췽ҹ̷һ㣬Ҫʱúһ¡
ȴǸʱ䣬һؼ飺ǵ֮꣬ҲҪܵĴڣ
ǵ֮꣬⾡˼飬ǸղҶѾв²⣬ֻնڵԼʦħĲ롣
ܾ֮Ҷ˼ǰ˵֮ѰҵǸ꣬ѵΪߣǸ𣿡
⣬ʵҶԼ֪ܣϾԼڣѾʮˣֻа˸⣬ܾ÷ǳؼԲ˳
¶ο֮ɫܣϾתκδڣôȻҲпתɴߣֻǿԲ󣬵ǣһȴǿ϶ģǾǴߵϢԵźܴǱһڤڤԻڣڣڲ֪Ŵ߼С
ԣߵ֮УмĿܴŵ꣬ˣΪѰҵ꣬һֻҪߣ͸ӿҵ꣡
ҶȻһͻȻγԼǰֻԴϢľ֣ԼǾץߵˣʥսͽڣ
һ̣Ҷĺôѵ˵ս;ھǵꣿ
㿴Ҳ뵽ˣϿҶһۣҶ߷飬Ƕʮս;ڵıץҶڣԼû˿ĽϢսϢ
ҶûлشȻ˼ţĻԼߵѣ֮У׻治ڵתеĻֻ˭
ӦòɣϾΪֹ֮Уܹ򵽷˶࣬˵ˣϾĳֵǵݵ֤
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ⣬ĵȻˣǾͺðˣΪ˷δȻֻҪ߻ʣѣȫɱõ޷ҵˣʣѣҲˣ
仰ͬԭϴĺ磬Ũĺ⣬Ǻڵɱ
ö˵϶һ˿Цϣ˫ݷ͸һеУһ˿ۺͲ̡
ϿڵҪҵ˸֮⣬ϲɸָ˵ʿǴߣ˵ĲƷڰǰѾҵһ꣬ɣǲĶ֣ս;ҲǵĻôʵﵽһĸ߶ȣ
ҶƬ̵ȻǴ֮꣬ȻӦòֻҪڣͿôΪλҪɣΪأ
߽׵Ĵڣϵǿ㣬ҲǷ˽Ĵڣķ˽磬˾죬񣬵Ȼл꣬˼룬ôͬʿһȻԶ²㣬ҲϣǰߵĵطΪ߽׵Ĵڣܶ࣬һ
ңʵǴڳΪ֮ڷ˽ĶԿһԸ죬ԲųҲȥѰҵԼǸˣһ򱨸
ɹأ
û˵֧ţеһжҪ𣬲Ǿ죬ȫҪǳ׵ĻԣǱҪֹҪµĵȡ
Ҷûκ⣬ѡĬĬĺҺңȻ˺ܶ⣬ЩѾʱ䣬ȴеԳܣ
л꣬ҪɣɵĴ۾ǻⷲ˽ĳԱֹ˾˴ߵĳ֡
޵еĴڣҲֻдпսʤȻһŻ뾡취ɱߣңΪԼһ£
Ϊܹ꣬ԵҲɱߣȻҪܵȥȷϴ޵Ĵڣ
⣬Ҳпܾǵ꣬ôԼ᲻ǵأ
ԼȻֻǵһ꣬뷨ҶԼе޷ܣϾĿǰΪֹܹ϶һѾ֮⣬߻ݣԾǸԡ
Ҳ˵κһһľпܾǵ꣡
֮Ҷٴ̧ͷϣһ˿ʹϣǴߵζʮһֵĹֵ˭ƵģңΪʲôǴߣ
һ⣬Ҷո뵽ģҲΪʹģһʵûʲôҰģûʲôԸԸ޷ǾҪԼѣƽƽĹһӡ
Ȼںܶ˵򵥵ԸȴǼΪļѡ
ԭȣֻΪԼ˶ⶣĵõѪĴУڣ֪ԭһУֻΪԼǴߣ
ݣߣǵκˣʮӵĴڣ
ǣԼҪݣ


2065 һɳһ
Ҷ˵ھżС֮УԭӾרġ
ղţⲢûеõǰλκεĴ𸴣Ҳ֮е顣
ʵҲд𰸣ͬ۵һеıһ˫ƶ˫ֵˣɣ
ɣӰλߵĿвѾٵѾԿ϶ɽȷڣҲĴڣ
Ҷ˵ǼΪңԶ飬ڵܹҲǲԸġ
ԼΪҪ縺ΣҲ׵һߣ
ԼƾʲôҪȥƾʲôҪڤڤ֮˫ֵĲٿأΪԼǴߣԼԼ̫Ŀѡ
ڣԼֻɱˣɱԼʹ֮ˣ
ʲôֵܣ
ʲôʦţ
ʲôʦ
˵ԼûκεĹϵ
һһҹʱ֮ҶһѾǰ
飬ҵΪȴûлٵҵķպҾͻȡ
ͬʱһڵĵϥһˣ飡
һƬƴսڴ䣬վ֮£һƬ֮أ˵еĺõط
ֻǴʱ飬ûº͵Цݣеֻ޾⣬ɫҲΪ԰ס
ڻ֮УҶ֮󣬾ǰ׷ɱȻĶǷʮλķ֮£Ҳƴȫ˳ˣҵôһεĵطˡ
֪죬Լ϶ǻزȥˣȻѾ֪ԼʵĿģȻɱԼ
Ȼһ˫һڰâ
֪Сʦôˣǵİ£Ӧѹ˰ɣ
뷨еĺڹ˼֣˲ͱȡ
ʦѾɣѸǣҲҪмֵҪģǵȴɱ¾ҹ֮ʱ
˵֮黺۾˱չ֮С

սڷУһƬ޾ɳ˿̣ɳ֮£ȴһ۵ɳӣʱʱĻһ΢ĹâΪɳӰ֮£ѰңȻĻ˻ע⵽ɳӡ
Ȼɳ֮УȴǬ
һ嫵磡
һɳһ磡
ҶĻһͻϳǵʦִʥս쿪ٳľʥأ
ʥصˣҲɵսĺս죡
ս죬ҶǰɱҶʬ壬ʥأȴǱһȡߡ
ʱ˿̣ھʥ֮УӰæµţӰռݵҲǳԶ
ЩӰ࣬Ҳ࣬Žǧͷɢ׺Ϣޡ
ֵǣЩھȻʵʵǿŴִľͷ߱ž޴ʯͷһӰָ£࣬췿ݣ
֮ϣʮӰվһͷɫľǣĿɨһµȺ֮󣬴˿ͿǰǸòǣ˫۲ǳӵô죿ǶѾһˣѵҪԶСҪȥҶ
ʮˣ˳ɣǺͲӣ
ЩæµӰԭе飬Ƿˣʿ࣬࣬һ٣һ䣡
˳ûǣǱ۾һǰԼǰ顣
㣬æһϷһɱ˻ٽ磬һҶױϷ
仰ͬʱҲͰ˵ˣȴϴʾֻܾ˳Ͳ˲ԣڰоε㡣
սľ˳֮ɣ֮ͨĸоڤڤдڵһ㡣
㣬ʵĿǰ˳Ǿ֮
֮󣬼Ԥ֪ȥδܶԻףܲ󷨣˵ǧ֮Ϊӵһֵ
Թܹƿ֮ˣûУΪֵ֮
Ϊ֮ıԵ˳֮Ѿﵽһּߵľ磬ԼˣεϷȷɵĿܻﵽҶǻĳɵıĺˣԼ֮⣬Ҷ£
ʿΪ֪˳ʼսҶֵܣΪȻû⣬ΪѾһĿܣվæ
ǣİ£һһҵ˺ǣ˵ǣգɱ磡


2066 ʦ
ڲӣںҶμʱ򣬾ͽӵ֮ӣǸҶߡ
ѹ֣ټŵ컯ӾͲòİš
ǺҶӴʱԽҶҲԽֱĸԸ׷Ҷ
ֱ˳ǵĳ֣˳ʾ޴ѡֻⳡϷ
ȻϷҪҶŵϷȻҪȫףԣܶҶ˵ȫʵģ
˳δǰͺͰϣ˵磬ÿһǰ
ݺܼ򵥣Ϊ˰ҶϣܹΪ
ҶΪ飬Ŀãжģˣ˳Ͱ֮ÿ˶ʹĴӦ޷ˣ
ҶңˣȻܵʹҪ˸ΪֻǼȴǱΪҶûκεԥ
ǣһ¡¡ĴϷʹչѪĺ׵Ĵݻ磡
Щǵ궼ڣûˣҲ˲䱻Ըַ˷֮С
ܹѣʣµͲ̫࣬ԣǣκεѶȡ
һ֮ǽ죬Ⱥٴ˷սУΪ磬սʱȫĵط
ȻһбʣѾ֪ҲûκεĻɣΪⲻΪ˶ԸҶµļƣԸᡣ
Ⱥ˾ʱ˾ʥ֮УȻҲΪ׼õġ
սУսɣû֪Ҷϵ飬ȻΪλϵɱϵŬš
һ˳Ϊע˵ĻɣҲǲϵܣֱ˷磬ʱͣ
ƢĺѾ޷ܣʱ޿̲ҶŨŨΡ
Σʵÿ˵ﶼУֻϷûҶķӦ˭֪ڿԼɱһ̣Ҷ絶ʣ
֮˳۾̾˿˵ʮ꣬ʮ֮Ż֣ھңҲ޴ңٵȵȰɣʮ꣬Ҳץʮ֮󣬽һʱֻǿȥܰ
ɢȥѰҵطȥչأҲòˡ
ʮʱ䣬ʿ˵ʵḷ́ܶ
ߣǸͬʧһĽ֮⣬ֶһˡ
ӴźϢϼҶһģһˣ¶΢Цɣ𣿡
ˣȻҶĴͽܣɣŰ΢΢һݵʦ뿪
Ȼ˶ǽ˳䣬ɵУҶ֮⣬ֻаףϾ꣬ǰҶ˳ԣҵԼ뷨
ʵҪȥģ
ɳʦʦҽѪһŴȥʦڵʮ꣬ҪѪһŸ׳Ҫսڵǧ磬ѪһŵĴڣʱ򣬼ʦɱңܹʦ
ɵᣬȴ̲նļͺ;ģ
һһţǰɣоȻӿһ˿壡
Ҫ֪սΣķ˶ѾɱۣʱȥǼΣյ飬ɾȻд˾ģдԸȷֵþ壡
꣬ǰȽɴߣΪպΪͯԸ䣬ԼķѬڵɡ
ȥɣһ·Сģ
˫ֺʲһζʩһĺӣĳɳڰУԼһ
ͬĬĬĶŰһݣתߵ˳ߵʦ壬ܷҼҶүү
˳˵ͷгһˮ򣬶ɫĹ㣬ЩҶ˵꣡
ǵΪûдﵽԻĵزֻ̬ڣɶˮֱ˫ϥڵأصĿͷ
꣬ʼҶңѾҶ˵ԼˣҶҵԼļңȻҪԶУȻҪͼ˸
ͷ֮վźǺ˳ңңһݣŴȥ
ļᶨ
˳ĴͣȥıӰŰӵӰźǶȻ𾴵Σ¶һ˿ǡ
ǡɣ˶Ǳ֣֮ΪʲôֻҲһ˿ƣƣ


2067 
ҶԼǰɽ䶦֦٣ܺԪͼ֮͸һ˿ֻͣǲŲᱳԼ
룡
Ҳгֻɫήң֮ϵƬǲϸƣΪ˵ֵһָܵˡ
Ҷ˶Դ㣬Ͱˣģˣҿ϶Ҫ֮ˣҾԲŹ
ⷬк¶һ˿ů⣬˵ͷԹԵߵһߣ۾ʼˡ
ţҶƮһŻɫ֮Լɼһͬ˿ϸĻȹں֮εһȫµֻڳ˯֮УҶҲ֪ʲô
ҶһԤУһѣôԼĴ֮۾ͽɣ
һᣬҶջڣٴѰһߣһϤǿա
ﻹôƽһԴһ㣬죬ҲǰȻ˿ı仯ûС
ȻһѪ
뵽ѪȻ֪Ѫʮ˾ʬѪ֮йѺ飬ЩѪԹѪӶѪγԼ꣬ҲΪҵһߺʵѪǿ꣬ӶΪһɽŵĹߡ
ǣʱ˿Ҷȴðһ뷨
ҶҪңռҵҷҶɵĻǻʲô٣Ӧûҵʵɣ
ҶеԸҪԼΪܹϳΪ񣬴ӶչԼĸԼѰһеĿܡ
ЩʲôãѪѾȡˣʮѪҲʧ٣취вͨ
Ҷҡͷͬʱһĺڹ⣬һš
Ҷǰ磡
Ȼѻ٣ȴȻڣ˿磬궼̲סٴβ
ҽ磡
Ϊ̫ѵʬ壬ʵûȥǣȥֻԶԶĿš
֮лž죬ĺˣҲѾҶķ˻˯С
ԥƬ֮ҶҲȫ֮д˳
飬Ȼʧȥ˹µļ䣬Ҷͬû份ѣֻֻ˯Ȼȵպǰʱ򣬽ͻļҡ
ڶĳŵҶȻҲأʱǲܡ
̾˿Ҷ;Ļѡ
ɫŹֵĴܣھݵã֮̿Ҷǲǳˣ
ʱͨڵͽһսȻڱץߵͬʱѾϿ֪׺淢ʲô飬ѪŨˮĴУȴԼŸоˡ
Ҷ˵ͷȻ;ĶԼͽܣԼУȴǽǵͽܿ
죬ʦֱץߣһᾡһпܽȳ㲻õģ
ģ㱾ñ뵽鵱УǼȻʶңôӲˣͬҲֻҪڣͻᱣ㰲ȫ
֮Ҷ˴С֮УԼȴ뿪ȥϵȰˡ
˵ĺҪ͸Ҷһ컯Ҷܹõ٣ǾҪԼˣҪʵҶ˵Ȼܴᡣ
ϵȰһֱڵȴҶ˵ںܾ֮ǰڵȴš
Ҷ߽λȿڵҽеҵĵѾ֪֮ͷ֮ҿһ꣬ѾַܷͨĵͿԼˡ
ҶͷѾ֪ΪΪ֮⣬ڷ֮͵գĹؼ
֮ͷ֮ҶѾַ򣬿ռ䣬ˮͻ
ٲ֣ܾŷһΪ
ҶڳΪϣģҲͬϣԵ񣬳ΪֻܳΪ񣬴ӶС͵֮Ĺϵ
ָ֮ϣһ˿Ʋƣ˿ʱʱֱ֮ʱ˸оһҳֱ֮ʱȴ˸о᲻ɴݣ쳣Ӳ
ҽеᣬҵĵ֮͸֮
λ΢΢һЦҽеʱҵĵʱ֮
ÿ˵һ֣òͻʮ꣬һ仰˵֮ѾԭȵɱһȥϻҪϵߡ
ʱϵı仯Ҷ۾ȻһԼ˿ռ䷨ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ʱַ֮Уʱ䷨յģȻλʱȻƿʱ֮
ƿʱ䣬ǿԡ


2068 ʱ֮
Ҷ뵽ǻ磬뵽Լȥˣ뵽Լȥѡ
ܹƿʱܹ֮ԽȥԽδ֮ǰδ֮ǰֹһеķ
Ҷ˫ۣʱ̾Ͳµ룬ЦҡҡͷҶȻҲʧǲò㣬ƿʱ֮ͬԴԽȥδȻĿƾƿصĳ̶ȣֻܹҿʱٶȣʱ֮һЩȥ顣
Ҷжʱӿһʧ
Ͼʱ֮յģȻΪߡ
ȵȣ
ҶȻ˵ʱĻҼǵ˵Ǵһȫµĵǵǰ֮ͷ֮ǰ֮͸֮еʱǰʱ֮Щѵ֮ǰǶڹ𣿡
˸˱˴֮ĬĬһۣȻĬĽĿⶼеϵϡ
Ѿǣ浽Ҷĵ˵Ӧø˵̫Ҷ֪Щ飬ڸոת˵ֵĲȵԣʱֻλشˡ
΢һȻܷ㣬ҲӦ÷ˣǴ˶ƿֵһֻìܵĵֻнֵ϶Ϊһɵƽ⣬ܳȫµĵ
ҶоһʵѾˣ֮ʱ˵һ仰Ѿһ㡣
ϽŵһһţǴ˵һ෴Ḷ́ӴľиֵֻȻ϶һһϵֱΪյĵ
ҶȻǸƤ׷ŵλǰƿصʲô
ҶͻȻı仰Ϊϵ΢΢һ̾ţҶʣѾʲôǴȴ̸ܶȻǱľġ
Ĵǽ໥ìܵĵںΪһ
ǣʵ
˵ʵʵǰҲȫ϶ֻǾʮƲó˵ΪܵĽ
Ҳ˵ҶҪ봴ɹôҪͬʱȻֵںϵһ𣬵ȫµĵ
㣬ҶѾͨˣ
ǣȥһԼѾѾԼ˺۵ȥ
һ̣ĺҶʵ˵ʵҶոӵ˳εֽ̼߽⣬Ŭͷֱһա
ԼѾȲһʮˣ
ˣסˣҶҲȫ£һѯǵĵ
ڼͳһոΪ˵˵ʱ͵֮⣬ˣֱǵ࣬ɱ͵飡
г˵ɱ͵߸һֵ֮ɱ¾֮֮⣬ǿ֮֮֮ʵ֮
˸ˣܹʮֵ
İԵԼҶԼһʮֵ
Ҫ͸Ҷ컯ԸԼߣԵĵʱޣÿһ꣡
ͬҶһһӿһ򵥵ΪУͷֵ
꣬ҶԼȥչظ
ܹ֮٣ܹЩٵʵǣȫҶԼˣֻôࡣ
ʮѾһ꣬ʣ¾ʱ䡣
Ϊʲôʮ꣬ΪϵļֻܱҶʮʱ䣬ʮ֮󣬵ͽܹ֪ҶڣʱҲԸҶǾԻԸǡ
ǣ˵֮߸˶Ҷȴѡһ꣬˭ߡ
Ҷԥѡ˵ʱ
ȻʱѾĸʱ֮ҶҶȴпǡ
һԪͼͼϴ෨ܹ֮Ӵκζ˲Ԫ
ʶʵֹԪ֮ʱ䷨ҪãһʮĳˣԪӶʮ䵽ʮ꣬ʮ꣬һֱ꣬δǸδ״̬
Ǿʱ
ˣҶƿصľʱ֮ξǵ֮
սеһλƿģȻλѾˣȴȻлܹ֮·Ϊʿɴ˿ɼַ֮ʵ̫˵ܻ֮ˣ
ҶѡԼʱܸɴһͷã
˵һУҶӰѾͬʱʧʣˣͬʱһ̾˭Ҳû˵ÿ˶ţ֮Ҷջ컯ɳֵľ磡


2069 Դͷ
ʱ䣬㳤Ҳ̣ڷ˵Ҳһм֮һʱ䣬ʿ˵ҲֻǱմιصʱ䡣
꣬ھ˵ȴʷΪҵľ꣡
֮⣬˴֮ĿռݣȻƣ֮ѹʧð˴϶Ϊһ
ڰ쾰˿ǰ죬ͬˣֻҪҲǰ졣
ûƵĻһ
ҵԴͷ
ʱ֮ڣͨԴֵ̣ܵİռÿһطÿһ
Ȼ͵˴ս
ЩսȻΪ֮սʵϣԼٳֵ֣Ķÿĺ˻ߵӣķ
սԶʱ䣬˴֮ڵʧͬǲпķսһܹģҪôǿߣҪô͵
ԭȸٹ̵ѾΪոƣڸ֮УպյĴҲѾ˹̡
һƬһƬȡЩһһʹȡЩܣ
ռֱӣֻѡûе·ߡ
֮£Ȼѡ˳Ҷںܶ˵ԴΪܣΪ٣ΪܹΪеһԱΪ£һԹҫ飬ҪǷǰζ飡
ڱʵǼԴҪȥ
ȻҲвԸģЩˣʵߵͣȫѾսǵʬ壬ǵԴᱻ֮⣬ģˣ
˴֮Уûκֻ֣֮򣬱ħ򣬻򣬻򡭡
֮⣬ҲǲɺӣǾϹͷ
ΪӦڵΪȥҲò˸ı䣬Ϲϲ˴֮ʵָߵͣγΪǿ壬壬ֱ𱻹֮С
壬ֱǹ壨ع壩壬壬а壡
ڷͬϲֻǺϲĺϲķԳ֣Դ֮ͨӵڰ쾰쿪ʼֱΪİ˴ķǿе˳Ȼͳһϳ˷γһʽĽṹ
ΪڵӵŽᣬԾΪеԵȴҲ壬ʲô顣
ǣ˴γһ񣬷㶦ľ棡
޴ı仯ȴһЩʶ֮ʿó㲷Եʿָ½ԲŻЩվ۷ǿ˵ķ
ֻǷ
ԴˣͬʿţǸԸţһжΪǾ뿪֮ѾԽԽ·
ȻЩʿĲ²ȷģζ뵽Щ۷ǿǷΪıĿģ
֮һ
֮УѪһȻҲûӹһѣ
ѪһţҶڶǰʱ򣬾ѾΪɣз磬ټҶѪеĴʻ㣬ʼʱѪҲΪ˵һеɣ
ֱڣ̫޷ǣ֮ǰһ죬ڲٷķ嶥֮ϣȻʮɢſֲѹӰһӰһ߲ʵľɽһ࣬Ƕ޷ȣӲѹѪӣòڵء
Ǹʱ̫֪Щˣʹֱڲͬʹ
ΪҶĴڣɶǷǳȤԲŻôһֵΡ
Ȼ̫µ֪϶ʹĶ֣һλʹѪǵУȻԸ˳ȻԶԷԽӵΪҪЮҲòѡ
쿪ʼѪһѾʧٷճΪħһ֣ѪгķˣҲֱӱħ̼֪֮
ڵµ壬Ǳ֮еа忴УӲҪ˹ȥΪֹ֪ͬ
ӣΪļѣΪʹ̫࣬ЩҶµĳǣЩʹǰҲͬһֻһ㣬ʹ˵ͨˡ
̶̼ʱ䣬ǧӸѹ
޿֮£Ѫӷһ
ɥʧ˽߳ɵľ޴ۣħͳλԪҲսǿӳǧˣ
ģټǧǱץѺ
ӳǧˣ̫ͺµĴ£Ϊ㣬ɢһʮһ踺صĴϣѵĻţ
֧ǼȥΨһϣҶ
ǼţΪҶǣһ³֣Ǿߣ


2070 ֮
ѪһŵԭȲٸҶгʿҵ˱ͷйĻᣬǿʼҶĸȫ˳¥ļҡ
ͻȻʧ֮⣬Щ·ʹչˡͬѵš
ڵͬˡ
Ѫһţ󷨵ıʹٵ죬ӳȥ˲ˣ峤ҲҶյѪһŵãȴԸ֮أԸʹѡԱ
˳һˣֻʣأ˳ȥĿǰ䲻֪δ
ڵڣҶеϵţһϦ֮ȫͬڣһѡ
ѾΪİ˴սڣԵƽࡣ
󲿷ֽʿѾʣģĶǸ֮ǿļڣ˴֮Ҳࡣ
սȻҲ֮٣
ǿļڣȴϹļΪЩˣҶġˡδ䳾ȵȡ
Ȼһ֮ҲиִڣҶĴͽɣ𣬱緽ϣĵӣԼһλľµŮӡ
֮Щսڶȵ˲֪˲ʿЩеһ϶Թ־ܣѰӻ
ֵһľɣ
ΪΪҶĴͽܣȻҶѾ֮ǣ˲֪Լ׷ɱͬҶһپԵеľ档
ǼˣȴԾû뿪ʥʱ԰˵ĻȻŽѪĴдȥ
ʱ䣬ҲжԼĻʵʩ
ӷ뿪ߵ෴ķ򣬱˶ϣȴԵϣһ֮ڣѾ߱˽磬ѪһŴﵽʮ֮еһţֻмʮӣҶĵ񵽴ɼ
˱˶ϰ֮⣬ĵ񣬶ΪЩԵ֮УʿȫǷսڵԭס
Ȼʱ䣬ЩѪҹҹĤݣ۳֮Ѿ൱ɹˣ
ʥ֮УʱڣԭǣҲӦµ硣
֮еһ飬ǰĺгʿǷˣ໹壬˴˶ụ
羭ῴ֮ϻʮʿۼһ֣һʮ֮ڵׯھͻԶһСͷ籩ѷԱߵĿյ֮ϡ
Ѿȫѡ˱չأʱ䣬ûһ㶯ֻ˳ʱʱĴӾס֮߳ʱȥҴȺڵ죬ʱҲվڿУĬĬµƬ磬еʱ뿪ʥأȴڣӹһܵ󷨡
Ǹʱ˳ὫԼڷ֮У˫֮ǲƶ˸ھԼŬȥ翵֮ҪҵҶҪպ˵˹켣ԼðܹԼһӵһ
Ȼʱ˳޹Ǿʱ䣬εĲݣȴѸ֮ԽԽ
ģ˳Ҳ֪ˣ֮Ϊ֪֮̽۸ģǿŤתǱġ
ȻһԴĵٳ֣һĸ˵ô³ԻἫΪú
һ㣬˳ڵϾܿ˫۾ԽԽ֮⣬Ѿ£ɫ԰ףͷף˵ĺĸоƺԭӦüΪʢڱϢȡߣΪ֮ĳͷ
Ǽˣ˳Ҳǲܲˣ뾡һпܣȥΪҶȥΪ㣡
һ飬Ҷ֪ʱ䣬ڼڣλߵߣǵĵ
ǰ˺ϵ֮󣬱㿪ʼ˱չأֱڣû˿Ķ֮£ֻԱԪΪǿʱһꡣ
һ꣬ޣһ֮Ҷδܴӱչ״̬߳Ļôͻ쳣ȻȴǵģҲǵ׷ɱ
ϰҲѾ׼ÿ˻ʱ䶼൱ԶֻҪܹҶúõĻȥԸԼҶ
֪֮Уһʱֹȥˣۿһ֮󣬾ͽ޵һ졣
Ҷչص⣬Ϊ׵İߣѾڳһµ󷨣ҶȴʱֵܳĵĹ


2071 ͼ
ʱصһ֮ǰ
Ҷλа꣬ڰ˵ʮֵȷǸĶ࣬ջ񣬲Ҳ֪ʱޣԼţҲͬʱȥʮֵԾصĿǺ;֮ѡֵ
ʱ֮֮֮ɱ¾֮
ʱ֮Ҫıʱ䣬Խعȥϣʼδ֮Ϊս𺳣гһգϣԼͬҲܴһȫµ
֮ƺǴܹȫı˰ʱͿԿһֵĸ֮Ǳ
ѡɱ¾֮ԭȻӼ򵥣ʱҶеĳ޲û˿ļ٣Ϊ޷йԽԽ࣬񣬸Ѿ˿Ҫűĵزˣ
뿪֮ҪΨһһ£ɱ¾
ˣֵ˵мΪҪر塣
죬ڱչصĵһʱѾֱˣ֮⣬ֵķ֮Щ֮İ£ɹĽԼڵѨλͨٸ
Ȼδ񣬵ţһȫʵԺͷ࿹⣬򲻹ӵԱ֮
Լʱ䣬ʣİ꣬ʱҶѡһֵȥ򣬻ǽѾĳַټУȥоɽ֮ɵ壬ɹУ
ַ֮ǰĿռ䷨ˮ֮򡢻֮֮ͷ֮Ѿֻ֣Ҫٸһ֣Ǿַ򣬾ŷһΪ
ҶȴԥķˣΪбļƻ
Ԫͼ˳
ͼһŰ෨֮ķҶҲ֪ǺƳģܸоӦòǳ֡
Ϊ˵֮⣬ҶΪκһλܹô෨֮һ֮С
ڵõͼʱҶϸоиоЩƺҪܵһֹ
ڣãֹӦþʱ֮
ڵʱߣۿʱվһߵĵ֮ϣʩչʱ֮ʱǿߵĵϾȻ͸ֳһһӰʱһӣ滹סˣʱһһ𣬱ǧ
ʱģصĹȥΣʱ׷ݵʮ֮ǰҲļˣ
ܹһֳһطʮ֮ڷ飬ʱǰƣһֱƵǧǰƵ绹δγɵǸʱôֳģؽһƬޡ
⣬ʵͬԪͼеĹԪ
ֻԪҪǿܹ˲Ϣ֮䣬һڵʱٵˣֱΪޡ
ҲǴһϣҶжϳԪͼǿ󣬾Բͨķ
Ҫ֪ʱʮǰĴߣƿصʱ֮ܽʱ䵹ʮ꣬Ԫͼ˲Ϣǧ꣬ʥƺȲ
ҲģԼܹͼİŪôҲܹԽʱ䣬صһδ֮ǰ
ѾСɴСͼҶƬ̣жȻǧɫ˿ߣͬʱͬˮһڿлһʵ˲ȴǶϰٴ֮֮࣬ӿ˿ߣ۳һС
ʱˮԿռΪնˮסʱ⣡
䣬һ޷ĹâӲֻ֮Ӷʱ䷨
ˣ
һ޲ͼдָ׸ǴСһСƬط
ȲֹͣҶָⶸȻһѪѸ۳һȻֻѪɷȻƬ
˻һ죬ƺһ𣬶ᣬҶüĶȻѿһԼٳ֮
䣡
ԪͼȻһžŲ֮⣬Ҷȴǻ۾ǱѪС˾ֹ״̬һ
Ҷʱ䷨Ϳռ䷨ʱסԪͼһڵʱţȻɱ¾ǿ˺һ˿ƣڳɹĽԼһ˷꣬ԪͼУ
ҶҪԻ̽Ԫͼ
Ҷһ뵽ͼͬʱĳƮĵطһϥеİӣͻȻ۾
⻹Ҫҫ۵ĹֱӶǰ޾ŨܵҲ̷һÿһ֮һӿӵڡ
ɲ֮䣬Ѿȫʧ¶˷ԲһƬ޴
ȻܵҲӸУ£Ȼһ˸ߴɵľ޴ʯţ
Ȼ˽ҵıԴͼ


2072 
ӽüĿȥΪᣬ˫۾ͬ޾ǿһ㣬̲֮סС
˿̣ӵһ˿𾪣˿𾪾ͱ΢΢ЦȡĵѾˣ⻹ǵһл뵽ҵıԴͼһΪԶûֵܹͼܣҲһΣţԴˣ
˵֮ӾҪ۾ȴҡҡͷ˭ȻҵıԴͼôҺԵ˵ãҵ͵СȵÿʸˣԴͼ½ʿļӦǰ꣬Ҿ͸ĸµʱΪ飡
Σڱ۾֮ڣһӿת֮䣬֮ڣٴα޾ɾţȻҲŨ֮С

ڣҶǰֳһƬޱߵأһΡɽƶ֮ϣҶǵãǸղŹԪͼһƵͼ
Ԫͼȫ̿Ļʮﶼһ̵ܹ£Ȼ뵽ͼУҶŷ֣ͼе磬ֱޱ޼ʣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿӵ˰￪⣬ȴȻûеﾡͷƺԾһǷΧ֮С
ҶջվԭسƬ̣ѡ˸С
˵ʵҲ֪ԼҪȥΪͼУֻҪѰҵܹһйԪԭ
ԭ򵽵ײںδ³ͼ֮⣬κҲ޷֪ˡ
ҶͼУһ߾һµʱ䡭
ͼʮֳ㣬ʼҶе㲻⣬ܿ͵õ˽ΪͼǱԼڣôȻռе
Ϊ˲ƣ´ʲôĵطһµʱ䣬ҶʼձżٶǰִľҲѾ˰֮ңȴȻûзκ֮
ͼϿЩϤĵرʥ鶼ûпȻ˵ˡ
ڸַ֮ǴڣҲʹоһΪ΢ϸо޷֡
֮⣬ﵹǺȫһз磬ˮɽ
ֻؼֻԼһ˵ĸоҶܲӦʱţָоԽԽǿң𽥱һʵʵľ޴ѹٶȶܵӰ졣
־ˣұ״̬ĻܲҪˣ
ҲѾҪļˣֲľԾټһ£
һ£ûκηֵĻֻѡ뿪ˣ
ϾĽ룬Ҫ뿪ȥҪʱ䣬ȥʱʩչռ˲ƣŸҶһ£
ΣҶ˸Ȼһ֮Ծһ£òѰңԼĳŵʱ䣬ٶȥˡ
ȻҶ׼ʩչռ˲뿪ʱ˫ȴǶȻԲˣ
ΪȻ֣ռ˲Ƶľ룬ྐྵȻֻܴﵽ֮Զ
ڸոսʱҶΪĻʲôƣԵʱͳ˿ռ˲ƣֻǲûƳ̫ԶҲڰ֮ڣ
Уͬûʩչ´ʲôĵط
ڣȻֻƳȥ׵ľ룬Ҷܲ
ʹÿռ˲ƣֻٰʱķʽһ·ɻȥҪµʱ䣬Ҷµʱ䣬⻭ѹָоʵѹȴǿҪҶĳﵽ˼ޡ
ȻҶȴ侲ˮһ󣬲ٵ˿ʱ䣬ʱ·۶ȥ
ȻѹԽԽҶĿԼͷϷѹȻ۳һɽʼոԼԼǸıٶȻǸı䷽򣬶޷ѡ
ԶԶȥڱһɽǰһ
ԼеʱԽԽɽҲԽԽ󣬸ճֵʱֻаףڰµʱȥȻǵǧף
ҶԼıˣҪǱˣôǧ׸ɽѹȫԺӡ
һ֮ҶĳѾ˼ޣɫ԰ףһͷ׷ʧȥ˹ǿݲһڻı𣬸ƴתѨΪͻֿ꣬ͷ֮Ѿߴǧ׵ɽͷŶѹ֮
⵽ô£
⣬ҶһΣȻκεĴ𰸡
ĳѾ˼ޣٶȻҲ𽥷ԭֻҪ¾ܸϻȥ·̣϶Ǹϲˡ
Ծڼ֣ǰµʱȥҶ˫ۿʼģڽѪҲͬˣȻֻǷﳹôҲܵˣȱһΪһǧɣͣͲǰ
Ҫˣ
ͬʱҶ֪ǸӸʱ䣬ʣ°¡


2073 ʵͼ
ͨһҶ˫ֳŵأǿԼûйȥѾƣϵģϵģűҲǵ˿Ҫ޷ܵĵز
Ҷ¶Ц˫Ѿ޷еĵֱֿڵϣɽԼѹ⽴һ곹ɢȥԼЩѾˣѣ
Ȼ͵˺ԺʱǰͻȻֳѾĿȴŬǿвȥһ棡
Ϲ飬ħǧ˪ǬֱĻ
Ȼ֮䣬ҶѾҪϵ˫Ȼӿһǿķŭͳޣзһ𣺡Ҳģ
䣡
ͻȻһ촫ҶĸоԼĳֶը˿ţһɾΥϤĸоѸȫͬʱһͬ˷ŭ˻Ҳģ
ǾΥϤҶǲ԰׵¶𾪣мʶ߶ţѪҶ
䣡
һ죬ʱһǿͬһŷ籩Ȼӵսĸ¶ѸҶѾɺԵ壬վ
Ѫ
Ҷֱ޷ţѪȻԼ֮Уûбȡߣ
ȷˣȡߵҶ۳ɵʮѪӣΪ޷ȡѪľ֮ӡӡȵгһգҶ죬ܷӡ
ǸʱҶҲͲõѪķɣõıѪᣬռ塣
֮ӡȫӡʵϻҪҶĻֻҪҶôӡͲܽ⿪˵ΪѹѪѾһʧĵز
Ȼû뵽ӡѪĵطȻþҶ˷һ꣬ҶΪ̽ԪͼܣֽһŹֵ硣
ټŵѹֵĸоʵʻѹҶòϵĶû⡣
ĸµʱ䣬ҶлѾȫĴͬʱ޿̶ڳӡѪܵ˷ӡСһӲǳ忪˷ӡ
֮£ѪǰͻƷӡҲΪҶṩ
ৡһҶ֮£ҶѾѪ֮гҶǰ
˿̵ķҶϲ֮ɫ˫ɷĹɵУǺڵ͸¶޵ĹâݺݵĵҶӡҵǸأ
ҶȻ֪ѪʼնԼ֮УǴ仰̾ܲ³˸ţһЦ֪
Ҷϵıһʱŷ֣ҶȻԼһҲǻ壬׼һͺԥĶҶжᣬڿˡ
תͷһΧĻҶٴһģɽô£
Ҷȴֱƿǰ
ΪѪӿ룬ֿԶһʱѹɲҶ˷ʱ䡣
ҶӰ̧ͷ˿ȻʼոƶɽҶȻô£ȴ¶Цݵӣ鷳ˣ꾹ȻãʵͬᱻֻҪ㣬ͱںϵʱ򣬳ֶᣬһʧ
£ҶһЦһâ»صҶĻڡ
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ҶȴʼѹסѪͷţҪϾҶһӵ
ֻϧҶҲѪˣܶѪĿƲҶҪյǿģ
ͬʱλھ֮ϵİȴٴ۾ӿһ˿ɻôֽһˣͬǻ壿겻һ˽룬һ־ֱһˣӣʧĻǲ֮ڵģвػ꣬Сһе˼ʣ°ʱˣܷͦɣ
ûѪӡĽ⿪Ҷһ֧ʱ䶼޷ͦѪİȻͬˡ
ȻڷҶĸ֮£ѪṩΪޣҶǾǿ־ļ֮£ȴӲҧأڰµʱ֮󣬸ϵ뻭еǸλá
ҶŲͣ£ҶȴͻȻٴγ֣ҶǰĿ֮иǳ˺εɱ⡣
ȻҶȴҲĿƽעŷҶ˿ûκεĻš
ΪҶ˷Ҷͼ
ȻҶǰ˵ǷǼٵģĿģҪԼһ꣡
ȱһ꣬ʵԶԶںϵʱҪĶ࣡
ֻΪ֪ﵽʲôطɱԼ֮󣬻ᱻڴ˵أͬʱԼ֪ͼɴͣԭزߣͬھԹ˵ҪļٻԼʱ½䱸ϵĿĵء
ڣԼͣ˽ŲȻǵĿĵأҲ˳ҪԼˣ
Ҷ÷Ҷ΢΢һѾ֪ҵʵͼˣ
Ҷû̧ȾҪվǽλ֮ϣҶ΢һԥ֮󣬶һѪӴָɳҶ˹ȥ
ʱѵСһҾС
еİ۾ϴһ˿οЦݡ


2074 
ҶǴźХ֮ŨѪ֮ζѪӣƴһ˿ŲŬҪ̤ǰǸԼ׾λá
ֻҪ̤Ǹλãһ˲뿪磬ع鱾ͬʱҶıҲѾ׼ָԪͼһķƣֻҪʱյĵܽѪʱͼС
ҲΪʲôҶڲ³Ҷͼ֮ȴװ֪ԭ٣߳ϵİտԳɹ
ȻҶǵ͹˷ҶʵЩ꣬ҶŬʵҶҲͬˣ
ԭҶ²Ѫеķʵߣ÷ҶúôЩѪ֮ķǣѪӡ޷ѪǵʵٶǼΪµġ
һ˽շҶǿҲ޷ȫȡֻܷӡ
Ҷվԭأϳ֮ɫŨѪӾҶԽԽֱֻʣ²һľ롣
Ȼʱ֮Уʼεգȴ˲
Ƭڰ̫죬Һڵ˼£ޱ޼ʣȥһ˿Ĺ
ںڰÿİǳҶͷҶǰֺڰȴǶоһİ
ΪֺڰУǶоһ֡գ
飬ޣն
һжǿգԼڰ֮УȴݷҲ˿գ
տҲԼ壬е
ҶǷҶѪӣһеһУ˿գޱߺڰһ֣
û˹ûӰûԶͣʱ䣬Ҳ֮ʧˣ
ֺڰ֮УҶУͬһƬհףԼ˭ԼҪʲôƺ̹ȻĽԼΪڰΪյĸоһģС
ͬʱԪͼ֮⣬Ҷıһ̣ȻҲͻһ뵽ֿյ״̬֮С
ģܵĹ߿ʼŤ忪ʼŤʼŤŤĺ׵ʧˣ
Ȼﻹ˵ĻôԿҲ֪
Ȼޱߵĺڰ֮УһɫĹţ
ֻмСֵļΪͻأǾ͵ֵɲǣҶǷҶȴǴֿյ״̬֮жȻ˹
ڰеһŹ⣡
Ҷ΢΢һ־ѾΡ
ڶʦֽںʦִʥս콫ǵĵ͸ҶʱҶ֪ǵ
ŹУӦúܿһһָоĳ־ĵ
Ȼ֮УȴǶȻɢһĹâ޾ڰȥɲǼݷ𶴴ڰ
ÿһâȲҫۣҲֻͨͨұ˴֮䣬Ҳ־󣬿ȥ۵ĺӣŻʣһԲȦȻԲȦܣ˼ߣΪһͼ̫
Ҷŵɻ󣬶ǰ⸱룬ѵ̫֮
ǧ֮дû˵ֵ
ʱǰľٱ䣬һոȥĹâȻ䣬Լٶȵ˶ء
ڰ֮УȻֻʣһŹ⣡
ţſʼٶȲ첻ֱһ֥СĹ֮ʱҶͫȻ
Ϊ֮УһӰ
֥СĹ֮УȻһӰȻӰĳܹ࣬Ӱŵ֣
ɣ
ҶԼû뵽ͻȻ֮俪ڣһ֣
֮ȻѣӰԼҲͬǾһںļ֮󣬴еһ棡
վͷҶͬԲ죬Դ֮еӰ
ҶһֵĺǸӰܵȻӿڣӰĳҲչҶǰ
һüĿİӣֻҶ΢΢һЦȻֵʳָָָԼüģ
֥֮СĹڳʧһعڰ
ҶѾȫסˣû뵽ԼԪͼУٴμӰұϴҪӵ
ˣԪͼƳģҶʵ뵽ܹ֮һ飬ֻɣ
ɣȻǿ󣡡
ֻǣղŵһĻ󣬾ʲô˼ôоһУǸ͸ҵģ΢΢һЦ
Ҷ˳˼Ҷͬ˳˼ҶҶҲ˴󲿷ֵľ󣬳Ǹ˵ĳ֡
ϾѪʮλʬ彨ɣ䵮꣬ȻԶԶǿκ꣬ڵһ֮
ǣƬڰ֮У徲ĳ˼š


2075 
̫ǾԲ̫Ǹţսĵ֮ĹһһţҪֵ֮еĹҪӵǿǸˣָԼüģüģػ֮꣬ţ
ڰ֮УҶͷתϵĲ²ŸղǷ壬Լ뵽ʲôȴҲץס
Ԫͼ֮⣬ҶıҲͬ˼⣬ͼ࣬Ҳͬܡ
ģҶĻͱͬʱʳָĵԼüģüû˿ӦǱסüĵʱ֮ϵʣ꣬ʱ˷Ӧ
üѿһϥȻҲָסԼüģҶı걣ͬĶ
סüĵһɲǣڵĵȻ˷ӦһϢͬʱҲñͷͬʱһ
оⱬ䣬ҶȻ򣺡üĲػ꣬еģǸˣĪҪңһ󣬾ĵ
˵ĵʲô
Ҷв֪ĸֳеǸ棬վ֮ϣɳ۶У
˵Ԫͼг֣ˣƺǵǧ˿Ƶϵ
ͻȻ֮䣬ҶȻվ¶֮ɫĪǣĪˣдԭȵˣ
˵еĴѾٵɽĶˣҶԼ²⼫пܣ
ĻȻ籣ϵ
ͬʱҶҲ뵽Ĺ֮УͬƺһĹ̵֮Ĺ־
Ңػ꣬𣡡
棬ػһʮ꣬һỨ֮֮
ҶԽԽˣˣǸˣȷǴ뿪Ϊ˵ģΪ֮Ծɾϧʥһ壬һ磬ػ
ĵдˣ
ôղҿǸ棬϶ĳķʽңĵʲô
ǣҲûпĶֻһߣѵĵǹ⣿ҶĬĬҡͷǣһߣջص˹֮У
ȻҶԿ϶ԼݵĲ²ȷģԾ޷ͨǸ󾿾ʲô˼
ǣ˸뷨ڰͬޣ֮У˹⣬ǹ⣬ǵߣǲǾŴǧ
ǣһһ˶֪һֳʶλӦòܽΪ˸Լ
ǣڰҹǹ͹ߣҾͽ̫ҹгֵ̫ŹĵһĿʼ
ʼ
ֳֵʱҶԭԼ뵽ĶȻ䱻ɢһƺһæ˳뷨ȥ
ǣ룬ԺԼĶʼն޷һ㡣
ģҶ˼ûָ뷨֮ͬһ
ʼ֮ʼ֮ʼ֮ʼ
ԪޣԪ㡭
ͼƺĳеķ֮
ŵʲôΪʲôе֮УʼǸأ
գֿյĸоͬһ㣬޲ǹԪ𣿹ԪһлصԪ㣬صĿʼ𣡡
һĸһţȻҶǻҵԺ֮Уͷųһɺ嫵һлңһ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͳͳɢ
ǹţǿʼΪĴڣ˿ʼŻֵĳ֣ĸһ㣬˸ֲͬĵҲһֵ
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Ҷݷдһ죬иֵǸţȻһ޷ɨ꣬Ժޱߵĺڰ
ڰǱһ鲼һֽڹŵĳ֮£˺ѿ
һ˿˿һһƬƬĹڳƬڰ֮УڽƬڰȫɢ
һУָ
ҶıԾڷ֮Уϥ˫һһѹԪͼһ֮ϵķơ
ҶĻԾԪͼУ̧׼뿪һ󲻵֮أһѪϯ
ҶԾվϴų֮ɫעҶıӰ
ղŷһУͬһһ
Ҷȴ֪ǸΣԼ̣һ̣ȻûȫչֳǸ˼ץסؼĵط
ҶɫׯϣʳָԼüģȫһĶ
ʱ˿̣֮Уͬһָĵ֮⣬ոճֵǹ֮ϣ֮ĸ֮ʼ֮֮ԪȻҲ֪֣ҳƺΪԪ֮
䣡
Ҷ£֮䣬䶸
ȻҶĻûнǣڲ뵱ߣҲ봴µĵֻ֡
Ҷָ֮һ£ǸոճֵĹţϨ
ػָƽ


2076 ׷˷Դ
Ҷ˵Ԫֵ֮ʱŨеİӣȻ˫ۣв֮ɫ
ʲôĵ
ʱҶһָ֮Ϩǵ֮Ĺţðӵ鼸ҪɳۿݺΪѾûгܹе𾪵ˣȻ죬ȴǽγ֣
ȻµĵϨˣܹģֻдߣܹɹǰѵһΪʲôҪȫµĵ
һΣţ׻ܷٴ򿪣
ӻԼ۾޾ĳ˼֮С
ҶϨԼɲǣΧһжָѪҲĺ󱳡
Ҷ¶˽źڴ֮ɫֻҪҶһ꣬ôɹĿԽ
ȻʱһѪѪӾȻֱӳҶڣҶջ̤ȥֻţת̧ͷ˷Ҷ
һۣ÷Ҷ΢΢һΪ˿ǰҶ˵϶һ˵ı仯֮⣬ƽĲɫߣݺύһĸо
Ҷɫƽ˫֮ȴһ˵ĺ⣬η
ȻҶŷҶ΢΢һЦҪ뿪ˣ
˵֮ҶתߣҶȴһҧ֮󣬻һѪ⣬ҶҶ뿪һͬʱҲ»صҶڡ
Ҷ뿪ҶȻڴ˾ʼոҶĿҶĲҲܵڵǹŹֵѹͬ޷֣ıҶ뿪ôԼò˼꣬ͻ᳹׻ޡ
ֱ̤Ԫͼ˱ڣҶҲǻȻջԼ˫֣ԪͼϵĽ»ָ
ҶȴûᰴԪͼϣ˵֣ӦþзƵͼȴûеκεȻҶ֣谭ķȥ
ȻҶһָϨµĵ⣬ǱԪ֮ǺڰеһĻĻ棬ȴл࣬ʼеɻ󣬴Ԫͼ֮УзĹҲѾ˽⡣
˵˾ҶԪܻ֮ķ֮Ԫ֮
ڣҶҪԪ֮򣬻ȡ
Ҷ⣬Ԫ֮򣬾ͬԪ֮һз֮ĳʼܹգôԼ͵ƿеķ֮
һȻԼԵ񣬵ͬʱƿǧʵԲҪ飡
ҶԪͼϣһַĳҶǰȻ΢Ҷȴ⡣
ռ䷨򣡡
һ˸ԾâҶ֮£Ի
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ҶԼѾƿصİַһһۿɼķʽ˳ȻĿһɫһǶھâȥ
׷˷Դ
ȻԪ֮з֮ʼôֻҪܹҵзԴͷȻܷԪ֮
̣˵򵥣ȴǼѣ
ɸֵȻܻǵĹ淶ͱ׼ҶǴߣҶѾ֪һԪ֮ҪҵַԴͷͬǼΪѣǿ飡
̵УҶȴַԪͼһЩãԭͼĹܲδȫ˵ĿǰΪֹڻҶֻǷͼʮ֮һ
ͼӦΪ˲ŴɹǳΪ֮ƶɣȻǽͼ磬ǣҪӴͼȴԼģǵȫͬһָ߼ҽ֮ΪԪ
ֻԪͼ֮Уܽ书ȫ
ͼԿǷ˽ǿϵʥ޷ȣϸ˵Ѿڷãõ˵Ҷȴ¶һ˿԰ɽպȻܹΪһĴڣҪǿ
΢΢һЦҶ۾Ԫ֮
ʱһţתۼҶչصʱѾ˵Լ꣬ţֹȥһꡣ
Ѿһһ죬ҶٲصĻͻᷢͬҶڵľλߡ
˿̣λѾ󷨣ҶչصСݰΧÿ˶ɫƽ׼ƴ
תۣһʱȥ޻ʣһʱ˶һۣϳ˵ͷλһ֣ǵĿʱ䣬ԣһҡ
飡
ϻѾرķͻȻ򿪣ҶҲڴ˼λõˣ


2077 ʮ
һʱ䣬Ҷ˵ֻգ˲䣬Ƕھ죬кҶйϵ˵ȴǼΪļ尾
̫վһɽ֮ϣңʣͬϯ̫Ψһ˽ս֪ѪһŴƶֱӵ£ǧʣǧˣѷħѾսЩѣ䲻֪ںδ
㵽ʲôʱܹǣĿҪֲסˣ
ʦһðɾۣ֮ѹħǧ֮ã˿ıɫȻڣȴѾ¶˳ĺʹ֮ɫͬԶԼݵֵܣŽԼе˳
ھ֮£ٸӰȫű֮ɫÿ˵ڶŻػƣǣѪӣ귴ı֮Уʦӳġ
ڣѪҪΪȥͬűѩޣȻ֪Լ֮ЩʹĶ֣ǣѾ׼Ǹ޾Լֻܻ˵һ˿ڣ
һƬݻƵĲԭ֮У߳һӰӢ˶ᾪ޵֮ϣԭʼձֵЦѾʧȡ֮޾ɪһ˿Цĵ裬磬ǿɻãǲ𣿡
ڵѪѪ֮Ҵеӣһ𲻵ǧ֮Ϊ㣬ͬһ㣬ͷβڸط涼¶
ʮˣСʦܣ㻹û𣿡
ȻǴУѾȬڵȣҶĳ֡
֪Լһ֣϶ͻᱻΧǵ񣬸ǲܷŹԼԼֻܽΪΣѲ飬ȻȵҶֵһ죬֮֡
Ҷϲ׷ɱ񣬶ԼͻڰаȵһˣҲԼ֮ʱˡ
ĻڣҶĴ˵ҲѾ𽥰˿Ҷ׵߸е
ʲôѪһõ϶ѣѾǧܵ˻죬ΪԼж
ǰһһأû뵽ȴǸͷڹ꣬ȻҲѾͱɱˣˣ
һУƺҶʱĻǸͬǰճѪѾʧ٣ò˶ãͽԶ˳̨Ϊʷһ䲻۵˻
ڣ޾ɫ֮£ħ̼ϴŵЦݣڳ޾尾ӰĵҶȻ˶Դȴô׾ˣѪѾȫҵģĵӱҵļƷȵгһգҲҵ㣬Ƴһ߿ܣʹ
ǿ֮еĵĬĬĿԼǰһſ𽥳ɳǳͬ죬棬ǵıʲôѵֻΪѪ𣿲ԣбȻթֻǣǵͼʲôĪǣҶûҲԣʮ֮䣬ҲҹȴҲӦˡ
ʥ֮Уһ죬Ѿرʮ֮õĸͬʱ򿪣ӣȫ֡
Լľʮ֮ڣʱ䵽ˣʱǷˣ
ǵĿⶼڶ˳Ķȴĳ֡
飬˿ҲͬѾۼһ𣬸źǵĿ⣬Ǹ
ʱһĹȥ֮ʼû˿Ҳûдߴ٣ȫھĵȴš
һѾҪʱ˳Ӱڳ˵ǰ
˳ӣ˵϶¶֮ɫ
˶˳ǼΪϤô޷ţƣͷףϢѾ΢˼£ƺʱΪҶߣȻλ˳ᢣһоڰյǽ
ôˣ
һһļž֮󣬺ȷѯʡ
𿴺Ǿ˳ŸɣƺʵϣУ˳׵ֵܣ
˳ŲƵϣ¶һ΢Ц˫ƻ軨֮нĳһ˿
Ⲣһ˿ȴֳվµĸоԼеһܣ˿֮£޴ӶΣûһ˸Һ˳˫۶ӡ
û£ӱʮ겻λʮѵǣ߰ɣ
£˳һ뿪ʥأǵ˶һ֮Ҳ뿪ˡ
ʮһˣһͷǣ֪һ뿪ʥأʹţӽ쿪ʼǾͽҪͬʱҪǻɱҶ


2078 
һһϮɫͷ׷ˣɫᣬ˫֮д˿˿ĬĬһƬڰ֮У
˿̣Ȼ鼫ΪƽǳŻɫ˫֮УȴԽԽıͺ⡣
Ȼ֮У磬ףڴ˾֮ʱ񱩵ķʱҲ̻ϸĬĬĴ߾
Ҷ
һһ̣ڳء
λ߲ûѯڱչ֮лʲôΪǲҪʣǴҶɢǹϢ֪ҶӦѾ˹ؼһΪĿǸ߸ϵ
ҶҲûкϸ˵Ϊʱ䲻ѡֱ뿪λ֮ʱҲѾ˵ã֮Ǳضٴ
ҪԼ֮ҶϣٿܿȴҶܾ
ҪأҪڣҪĸߵ񣬸еĵˣҶ¹ˣ
Ǹȡǵֽǵ
ڵʵⷲ˽գһͿٶȴ죬ֻһһš
ĿĵԽԽ֮ȴǷ΢΢ĲΪĿĵأ磡
ʮһǰĿ类ޣ׵ɢǧ統УǣȻҪȥһԼļ磬Լļң
վ磬ֻʣһŻĵطҶȴƽֻеĺԽԽŨԽԽ
֮Ҷת뿪ͷİ׷ںڰ֮𣬿ĴĿͦεıӰ͸ŨŨɪ͹¼ţ޾ĳޣ
ҵţҵҵĵңֻʣ³ֻʣĵģ
ڣԴڣ񾭹ʮʱ䣬Ȼһֺɽׯռذ࣬ȥǼΪݳ޷
û֪ɽׯ˭ֻ֪Ϊ쿪ʼɽׯԲ֮ڣѾȫ˽ֹһʿ룬ߣд룬Ҳɱ⣡
Ȼ죬ȴһˣһѪһͷ׷˳֮ڣֱվɽׯ֮һɽ֮ϣޱעܵһС
һνʱĵطļǵãʱԼ޷ܴ֮ѹͬһ㣬ֱǬ̧˰Դ壬ӶʶǬصǬһԼһλԴˣ
ԴѾûˣаԴ˳ǬǬ֮⣬ȫѡ
ҶںȴǻһΣаԴԼ峤ǬһƬ˲֪Ĵ֮С
ǽ죬Ҷվȴķ֣Դ˵ķĹȻˣԭȷĹڣѾݻɽׯ
Ȼɽׯ֮⣬żĽƣЩƣסҶ۾׵ľͿˣһľԺ䣬˿̴洫֮ԼһЩŮӵĽЦһЩϢ֮
룬֪Ժ֮
һУҶеĺ
֮ѡһվΪڱչ֮УȻ˰Դ塣
Ǭһ˵ĺԴڵĿģΪ˱֤İȣʱҶûϸ룬ڼǸ֮ȴðһЩɻǾǰԴ嵽˭
Ӧþλˣ֮⣬˭ھ֮УԴ壿
ˣҶˣٴκú̽Ѱһ°ԴܣͬʱҲЩԴһ㣬Ǭһķǰһһġ
ǣǰһУͳ˳һѪծ
ռ˴˵ؾˣǾȻڶԴķĹ֮ϣƽ֮£Ƕ߼裡
Ҷһֻɽµɽׯһץ¡¡ľһɾΰȻɽׯ֮ڣзݵݶͳͳץ
ɽׯܵ󷨣ƣֽһ㣬סҶһץ֮
ʧȥݶɽׯڵһУȻ¶˳һʿȫ֮ɫ̧ͷգ⵽׷ʲô
ǼľԺ֮УһŮľһҲͬ¶̿֡
еģȻһΪԸоһ˫絶˪۾ԼϣǿеĿ־壬̧ͷ˫۾
еˣ
ӶȻһЪ˹ĲҽУʱ˾ѡ
ãڣ
ǣһ𣬿ʼѰҵ˵ټ
ҶȺˣһ˿ɻΪЩ˵ΪȻлģҲģǳǰߣȻ
ʮ䷢ھڵı仯Ҷ֪Ȼ޷ףЩͬΪʲôἯһ
Ҳȥ룬˿ֻ̣ɱˣ
˭죬ǵΪƷԴˣȥѣǵѪˣҶˣ


2079 ֮
ɽׯ֮гʮʿǣѾֵҶĳ֣뿴Ҷǳǰߣľɣеԥ
ܹϢֱӽƺ󷨵İɽׯеݶ˲ȫʵԲͨʿܹģ٣ˣǲóȻǰ
ǻʲôѵҪԳ𣿡
ǳɵʱǸĸŮ˾һӣȻһŭͬʱâһһ֮⣬Ȼ̧ҲĺݺĸŮˡ
ĸŮҽȻ绨Ѿһ̲⽴
ӵŭ֮£ʿŻعλߣǼͬʱ˰֮еһ鴫ѶȻҶ˹
ȻеɵҶΪ뵽ǱĿɽ뵽λӵݣǵǵɵɢ
ɽׯһˣ֮һĵ
ţҶû˵ǾͳλѲ²⣬ԭݹ˴۹
˵λҲһλ֮УΨһһλڳ֮˴֮Уι۵ĵ
ۣۣۣһֱۣ
Ҳǵµĵɽ֮һһλԸ֮λ
˴ԴĸĻʹڴݻеİԴ֮ͱչزֱڣ˵Ծڱչء
Ȼûгأӣӣλȴⳡ̵֮սвһţռ˰˴֮ԭȰԴڵλã޽˺ɽׯ
λӵΪΪ丸׵ͷҲһֻ۱һֻۣӸ档
ǣλӣСռ˻ĵ̣϶ռ͵ĵ̣ϴռ;ĵ̡
֪ƾԼ׵źǿʵԼĳλӴӳʼָ߸ϵĸоСǺ޼ɣԵˡ
ĺͻȻҶţܹܣ
ڶʿܲĳҶʱλվڿУһɲ֮⿪ڵҴűӵĺ£ץģҪĥ
ҶʼնɫƽĿʿλӿевһ˿û
ľ磬ǰЩʿͬһ㣬ɱͬһȺһס
ûΪԷֻһȺ϶˿飡
ʿƺڸԼ׳ı𣬳嵽ҶǰҶȻһɵ֣ɨһۡ
ʱʿǰμɲ˿У׺ıҲ˲仯ã
ţãȻŨŨĿ־棬ƺǿʲôǼΪֵ飬ǵȫŤһ𣬿и뷢˼֮
̶ͬǰĲҺһ㣬ס׼ʿȫ˿У𾪵Ŀλߣ֪׷ʲô顣
䣡
ͻȻըߵ壬ȻǴ̶ļУը
ͬʱһѪͻȻҶڳըһ˲ֻصҶڣߣѾ׵ʧ١
һĶ֮죬ҶԼ֮⣬ûܹ
ǵУֻǿ߷УȻըȻʧ
Ѫĳ֣ҶЦȻգǾʹհɣյѪԽ࣬ͻԽǿ󣬵ʱϣܸһϲ
ǵѪ⣬ȻѪԴԪͼлɱҶɣȵҶͱ϶Ϊһ֮󣬷ҶʶˣԼеĶᣬɣΪڵҶ̫ǿԪͼеĸƺӵһָ
ˣҶûѡݷȴʵʱ
ͬҶʱҲûȥҶΪд㣬ǾǷɵҶ
һɹѪͻĹУʵҲٴεõ
Ҷ˫ɵĴ֮£׵ֲĻþ֮УǾȻ־ѡԱ
ֻϧǸû뵽ȻԱ壬ȴˣѪɣԶĳʹ֮С
ĪʿĴʮ־޴󣬶Ҷȴǲ˷ʱ䣬˫Ŀ֮лһ̼㽫˾۵ף³֣֮ã


2080 
ʿһ̣ǰһ⣬ֵģÿĵ
н֮л֮֮֮
Ҷڱչڼ䣬ԼоսԪ֮ΪؼзΪ˹һĻþģÿ׷ĵ
ˣҶΪ֮ã
ŵ֮õĳ֣ȫһ˷ܺã״̬֮УΨֻλӣȻ֮С
Ҷûнþ֪ʲô飬ֻǿ˶ĴУʱŭڸʲôȥץסɱˣʬΣȻӾɱǣ
䣬ǰһҶѾվǰЩڵ֮еڶʿ
ʵϣЩʿѾҶУֻҪҶԸ⣬˲ǵ
󵨣ܵӱһ̲ס˳Ծɰڳһ֮ɫɫĵʲô
𣿡ҶޱĿŶԷĵ֪кʸ񱻳Ϊӣ
ҶͻȻֱ֣ӽӵյԼǰ˫֮лһ˶ԷС
˵ߣ
ʱһϵȻӵ´ţһ޴ĽɫȭͷֱݺݵҶ
ڳˣ
ͻأı仯ûҶɫƽΪѾˣɽׯĵһλ۷ĸ
˵ĴڣƺӶ֪ӦרΪ˱ӣڴ˴ƽʱ£ֻеΣյʱŻ֡
ǰ鴫ʱҶҲǿûֹΪľԽԽĸ֡
ΪռŰԴˣҶţԷȻ֪ЩʲôϣЩ˵ϣѼһõϢ
ɫȭͷ֮⣬ͬӵ·һףֱգתۼҶ¡
һɻصȭͷ֮ɢɽׯ侭һɲǣѾȫ̮˷顣
һȭǵ۷˵ȫ׼䳹׷һС磬Ի죬޷𶯣һѷͬ֩һ㣬ؼ˺Ѷ
Ҷйâһ̧Ǽ嵽ǰȭͷһ
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ص񱩵۳һ޾籩Ҷһͷ׷߸죬Ѫɫսչ
Ҷ壬ȴͬĸɽһ㣬һ鶼ûаı仯
һֻɫȭͷ˲Ϣ߽֮⣬⣬ͬһ˷Բ֮أ¡
ȭͷ˲䣬Ҷ·ĴأͬӲ˺һ㣬һ޴Ĺ֣Ӷȥȣס
˭
һԴžĽӵ´һϵӰҲڳҶǰ
Ҷ
Ҷ߶ȻһľУ˫һ˦һһâҶȥԼȴǳҶͬʱʩչ˲֮ȻǴߡ
һһâΧӣڿзеͬʱȴ۳һͼתڰɫâֱͬһ㣬Ҷȫ
ͼҶ΢΢¶һ˿ŲмЦݣ̫ͼʵ̫ϤˣߵڰŪ
תƣ
оԼƺѾԶҶһ֮⣬ǶȴĴҶĸ֣һ̣͸оƾճ֣ͬһ㣬ĽԼס˺Ѱʹഫ
һ̣ǰȻһͼ

ߵҵĲ׵׷ʲô֪⸱ͼȫԼֿܵġ
ҽУߵǺڰֹâ֮£Ѿһ޴ɸӣǧٿףüѿҪߣȴҶһУѪ֮С
źڰʧȥĿ֮Ҳ˲˹âͨӣҶġ
е˼Ȼܹϳͼ
ҶĨȥߵ仯ԼķȻлɫٴһڵ֮õʿҲͬʧȥ꣬Ѿͬʬϣȴ˷ܺҸЦݡ
һ֮Ҷüͷҡҡͷӣ֪ͨӦòһĸ֣Ȼôͻûʱȥˣ˵
Ҷ̧һѾɫĵüģһɾ޴ҪԷ곹׳
ȻʱһϢȻӵüĳϢڿлһɫۣͷڵӰӣòãŭ˫Ŀ͸һϣĿҶҶ֮ӣޣ壡


2081 ɱ
Ҿ壡
Ҷ˫֮жȻ⣬ϣ쳣ƽĵ浱Լǻʵˣܺãһֻɱһλۣһֱδ֮Уĳ֣Բϣˣ죬ʹĶӺʼ
䣡
£ҶȻһȭӣӵɫʱֺ˪һȵ󵨣
ӵȻըڿ˲һɫľ޽ֱҶݺݴȥ
ڽ𽣳ֵͬʱҶһֻȴһסǵӵԴһ󣬵ӵԴʱȻը궼ûӹֱӱޡ
ӣȻǵһԼӵ֮Уӣڹؼʱ̣ƷԷ൱һʵһ
ң˰˴ۣǸ߸ϣɱȨȻڸַӵˣ˭˭ǣһɻɱ
ֻǣĻҶۣ
ҶںѶѾȥԷȻҪ壬ʢŭ֮£¶ԷǵҲκεԥ˴ӵ֮Ĵ㣬ֱӵŵǰӺɱ
һĻķȻǿݵλԼʵԼӣȻ汻նɱܹܵˣеķŭȻҲ֮ﵽ۷塣
ǽɫ޽Ľ΢΢ױԻٵһĿֲҪҶͬ죬Ϊᣡ
ǿħ̼ǿ̫࣬ҲôӦ񣡡Ҷͨӭľ޽ɢϢѸжϳ˵ʵԿһָ֮
˵䣬ҶʳָѾָ̧֮һĨĽ⣬ҫۣǽɫ޽ɽӳ֮£ϸ
ô۵һĨ⣬ȴڳֵɲǣҶܿռȫŤǱĽɫ޽ǰͷȻ΢΢һͣԱһɸӿֲ赲
һ֮󣬽ȴǻָɣٴκȻϮҶʳָָ⣬Ҳĵǽ𽣵Ľ֮ϡ
ɫ޽ںҶʳָָոɲǣӾҵĲ˲Ϣʱ䶼޷֣Ȼķѣ类һɿ
ڽ𽣱ͬʱڵڵǿ֮УңԶĺڰһǳ֮϶Ȼ˶ĿĽ⡣

һ˷ŭǽ֮𣬽ţ֮УһɫӰ󲽶Ȼǵ
ǰŭ壬Ȼ˫һҶ֣ոɱҵĶӣһָ֮ɱҵ׼ȥɱҶΪӱ𡣡
Ҷˣ
ǳɣ֮Ҳ͸һ˿ȣΪѰҶʮһʱұ˾죬ǧ磬Լս˵ضûзҶټȻڣҶȻٴγˣ
Ȼỳɵϴˣֻ޷ͨǣʮһ䣬ҶǶʲôطȻܹԼ
񣡡
񿴵񲻻ػ̲סٴοڣʵʲҶȻԼ棬ɱԼĶӣ˳𲻱ҲΪˣ
΢һʱҪȥǼ϶ҵҶȻȥԸģɥ֮ҿ϶˵ģ
ܵвʣڵ֮ⷬȴҲֻܽŭУŵһҶһҪԽ
ģ
ڵת뿪֮󣬵ǲɣٴ޾ǿ֮𣺡棬죬ǵҪʲôԽԽãҺʲôֻҪôҾеһˣ
Ҷ֣ǿҵļƻӵԲڣɱʱ򣡡
˵֮󣬵ٴα۾ʼĬĬ˼Լʲô
ҶɢĽɫ޽Ȼ˿Լָ⣬һ˿⣬Լʳָ
ǵ㲻۵Ľ⣬ָ֮Ȼȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬⾹Ȼֿ߰ٶʮѪɫ壬ȻҶڣ߰ٶʮѨλ֮Ӷȥ
Ҷڱչصʱ֮УѾ״ͨԼȫ߰ٶʮѨλղŵǵ⣬߰ٶʮѨλеѨһ֮ɢġ
һѨλ൱ͨʿһô߰ٶʮѨλһ֮ǿֱֲ޷ܹ
ҶһǸڵµģһɨҶʼѲļ䣬ģҶϵĺԽԽأΪѾ֪ʮһ䣬ڷľ޴仯ǹѪһš


2082 Զ
ѪǾȻٺ٣Ҫǽ·治һܹǣ£ܲˣ
һðɾۣ֮ӰڿУǵ£ٸӰվΪ׵һϵĺС
˵϶һŨŨĺ⣬˫֮и͸һ״Ķſˡ
Щˣǵ걻ʦŴӲٷߣȻǧʮѪҴӡ
֮۵Ӱü֮϶һͷӡǣǾħ̼µʹ
ȻҵѪȴû˿η壬ΪѾ̫ãѹ̫ãԸսҲԸҵĻȥԣ˿̿ʹ٣ÿ˵жӿһּѵĸоʦҲ⣡
ϺУ˵ҶĽݴ磬ץ㣬ǿǴһ
һʹ֮ɫȻ̧֣һɻʦӿȥɾ֮ڣͻȻ仯˻𺣣ȵˣȻ˲֪ľ𽥿ʼ˿ή
ʹζǵΪǳֶԸʦκεȻڣȴè׽һϷˣʦЩѪӣûȫ
Ȼʦ֪㣬ǿ٣ȴҲܲؽҧһͬʱ˫־ǰһƣ

ԣˣ˫ƽˣ϶Ϊһݺݵײڻ֮ϣȻУȫױ飬ȴǸûܵ˿Ӱ죬ǰ
޴ײʦһѪź󷽵ɶȥ
ʦ
Ѫ뷢У˸ӭ˷ɹʦҪס
飡
Ȼǵʦ˲䣬оһɿ񱩵ӴʦӿӿԼڣ˫˫һҽУҲʦһȥ
ˣϹľʯһ㣬ǿֲЩֻлĵȥġ
ǣҽ˷ÿ˵ĿжѪ磬ȫԼĿƣ׷ױײķ˳ȥصˤڵϣһʱ֮䣬սվǰԶƬ𺣣ȴͷŸ£һǱƽ
һײͽȫײˣʵľ޴࣬ǲϱƽĻ𺣣ÿ˵϶¶˲Ȼ֮ɫУһ˿˿Ľѡ
ôãôãֿѵڵͷˣ
ʦŴӵ˫ֺʲضŷź;ģǲɣ֮Уһׯϵ£ʹ˿Ǳׯϣͬ콵
ȻСʱ棬ҲǺ˼ģһʹ췢Цһ㣬ǷеĻ𺣾ͣ˵ǰʮ֮
ǰǵӣһһǺòײץסǣô׵ľ
ֻǿʼǽȥץѪȻ͸ħˣѪһţ
Ѫ֮ɫ¶һɷ֮ɫݺݵĻʲôƨʹƨħѪһûʧ٣ǻô𣡡
˵˵ӵĸͣǵţȻˣһѪһ֣ʱЩν񣬱ؽӭ˼ҷıǵ³Ǹң
ʹЦǰϣѪָ֪һ֪ʥսѾץߣҲڷսڣӲдǿеҶĻֻܸӲҵĸǣѾˣֱʦ֣ҲǱǵһλɱģ
ڴ̵Ѫ𣿹ǿЦߣ˵ĺһЩõ㣬ӷ˽Сʿѣһֻ·һ
Щ飬Ѫ˵ʦǴû˵ģ˿ÿ˵еȷһ
Ҷ˼ֵڣ֧ţѾֵһҲȫ֮ΪС
ʦͻȻͣȻվȻüëǰƬ˿ȼɫȴΪƽʹѪһǴӷ˽һһģеЩΪС˽ģѪһȫսΣѪнԶ࣬ѪһŽԶ
ѪһţԶ࣡
Ѫһţ
ʦĻµȼѪеģ뷢ŭ
ϻ࣬Ȼôǽͳȫǣȥĵǵɣ
ʹƺʧȥ˼ȥȤ̧ͷƬֹĻ𺣶ȻٴȻʦȥ
ȻʱһֻΪƽƣȴͻȻƬ֮ǰһգݷ׼סһ㣬Ƭȫ֮Уٴ̯Ѿʧ١


2083 İ
Լλʹ𾪵֮УһɫӰ
һѪɫһͷİ׷ӣ
ɫ̧ͷ˫֮ȴɽ⣬ƺ̫ƾճ֣նӳյĽ貣Ϊһɫ
ܣ

ӣʦͶڴ˿Ҳ̲סɫ䣬һ³֡
ʦˣѾڱĿѪӣͬϳҶ鼤
ͬĳƺĶͬһˣ
һ죬ˣ
ˣΪѾˣҶٴγ֣
Ѫ˵Ҷĳ֣ǱҪֹͣٴǶڿʹ˵ȴǼ˲ֹͣϵ˷ܺһҲǻޱߵ𾪡
ҶѪĵӻҪϤԶǵãħ̼Ҷ׷ɱǽҶεĿԼ֮С
ʵֻƽƳ֮ǰǵоֲԤУԲŻı뷨ϷˣѪӣҪֱɱ
Ȼڣǿ·վ֮ˣÿ˿кĳƺʱеĿ־Ѿﵽ۷壬ͣ࣬һ̣ݷҪըһ㣡
ǲղſ˵δҶǡǡ෴
Ҷħʹͽʹ˵Զ֮ȥһجΡ
ħ׵ıҶնɱοЩֻеʵССʹˡ


ˣ
Ѫӵķźͬһ㣬˱˴˶һۣӶԷпη壬˵תҪߣǸƴ뷨ûУ
ǣҪжʱȴǺȻ֣ΧĿռǶһ㣬ˣͬס޷ֺ
ҶԴӳ֮󣬾ʼƽվͬһһ㣬û˿ķӦʦѪӵĺûһ
ֱʹס֮ڲųһѪ⣬ٶ֮죬˵ϡпһѪӣһ֮£ʹӰѾʧ١
ѪӺʦ˵߲ʵǿˣҶ˵ɱǾֻһļ򵥡
ʱת鼤ʦеѪӡ
һۣȴʦиո˷ܣɲǼɢڵѪΪҶʱ˿˫֮¶ĺ⣬ȫϤеǸҶ
Ҷˣ
뷨˲ϢʦԺ֮Уһʱ㵲ѣ֪ΪʲôҶ޴ı仯
ǣѪȴû뷨ֻǿҲΨһҶָ֣ͷûжһ£ʹʧ٣ѪǸȴĤݣȥ˳Ҷ
μ
еӣĹڵأԷθķĺ
Ҷջ˿ʦһۣɨһȦϵٵӣɫƽĵίˣɣ磬ң֮󣬷飡
ȻҶԾɺˡ硱ƺʦĵĺȴû˿ļ٣ԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨ
֪ҶϿ϶ʲô£ڵģһİһңһƺû˿İˡ
Ҳ֪ڲѯЩʱֻܽɻĵףȥҶı仯ʼϸ˵ЩѪԼѪӵľ
˵˵̲̣ҶʼնɫƽţӶ̲ס߲ѵʱʦжһ˿ŭʱԾû˿ĸ鲨
ͷħսδͬһزıɽһҶڻ˿
ֱʦ˵֮Ҷŵͷ֪ˣѪӵ䣬ҲѾ֪ڣȥҵǣȻ󣬴ǣؼң
˵֮Ҷһӣһӿͬʦڣȫ֮С
磬ѾҶֻһѾѵʬ壬һҶûˡ
ģ죬˼ǱҶ򣬲ô˵Ҫɶµĳŵ
죬˴ֱʣҪԸڣҾһշ˲磬Ȼսɱ˳ǣ󣬾Щı֮ˣ飬ǵźúøҵɣ
Ҷһ㣬һѪɫӰѾʧ֮䡣
֮սڣʽʼ


2084 Ҷٻ
Ѫӣ֮ڣϵٷɽţҶǣ˺Ѫߣܺˣ壡
˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶѾÿһ䣬ÿһ˵Ķͬһ
˵жǺȻһ

̫ѾʮĹâһ̣ٴ̫ͬһ㣬ҫŴأѪӡ
ӢϣҲ¶˾ΥЦݣ쳤ЦҶ£°ߣһزٷ壡
ļĻվǲٷڵķ¶˷֮ɫһ죬ˣ
ͬʱڸطѪӣһ̣ȫʼӸŲٷ˷ܶȥ
ٷѪ֮ڣһòڰһͷǣҶеʱһһǿͷǻ飬ҲǻȻվ϶һЦײµûҶȻûߣʮ׼ڿóˣ
ˣ󣡡
˵ٷ֮⣬ʱһƬɫĻ棬ߴɣȻɽȫ֮УһĲҽд˷ӰǷĿֲɭ
ħ̼Ҳڴ˿̻Ȼ˫ۣȻûҶȴһ˿ʼշѡڣȻԸܵĵԼԼ˳ʮ֮õѾ
ҶȻˣֻǲ֪㿴ʱк͸룬Ƴ
ħĿ⣬·͸˰˴죬ֱ˻첢ٷ֮ϣޱߵĺɫ֮С
˲ٷ⣬ͬϹҲͬҶȻǺҶ֮䲢̫ԹޣǱ˴˼Ҳ֪ҶΪߣΪѪԼ֮䱾޿ɻĳޡ
УȻа壬ΪӲĴħԭͬڲٷ£ȻδʽѪʵϺѪȴͬ壡
ڴ˶Ź̬ȣҪ⡰Ҷǰʵ
ǣظȴҲŸָ׼ϾͣΪֹȻЧֻҪɱҶܻõһö
꣬ҶʧѰʮҲδҵжڵ͵Ŀȴδ˿ļ
ЩڻҶõĵļң¥ȣ侮ʯ޲óѪĵ幫ңҵȵȣʱ˿̣жǸ˼
֮Ҷĳ֣ԭͱΪİ˴죬ƱøӵĻӿ
ʱ˿̵Ҷϥڲٷɽµһʯͷ֮ϣҲ˷ϯȥĴأȻѪӣ֮¡
ٷӿֳޱߺγɵҲͿĿһ֮вֶһϤס
ǣİϧҦɽ
Щ˶ѪҶ뿪ʱ򣬽ǴѪͷ˳Ǵ˲ٷϵħ۹С
ֻǣħ¿ʼٷʱЩȫħ̼ˣҶȻѾ֪̼ǵĿĻȴ֪ˣΪ˲ó
ȻҲΪ˶ԸҶ
ȻҶǴЩϤ֮չ¶ʹı飬Ʋһ
ĿһЩ֮ҶջĿ⣬۾ϵƽޱȣƺκ飬κ˶Ҳ޷ġ
˵ش֮ңһȺʿ˷ܵļٷţǾ˵ѪӣʼնڰȫĵطҶٻ֮̾
㣬ˣ
ʮˣڵȵˣҾ֪ǵģ
ǰϧʦܣʦܣʦܣǶûܵȵһ죬ȻǸöð
ģڣͬŵĴһԱˣѪҲٴֵĻԻͣ
˷֮дһ˿ˣ˴˼䲻ϵ˵ŻƺֻҪǵ΢ƽһ㡣
ȻʱһȺӰͻȻǵǰסǵȥ·ĵվס
ʲôˣΪסǵȥ·
ѪͣĿȺˡ
ɫҴңһѪӰɣҪȥǵͣߣǲ죬Ǿǣܽô
ۣ
һֻͻȻֱ֣סĲӣ˵꣬ѾӲ˶ԷĲӡ
ͬʱһƽ˵Ķ𣺡ּңѪӣ壡


2085 Գؼ
ͬʱȺʿ֮жʱĸ˵üһ⣬ֱը껯ƬڻһΪĵطһΪּҵңϵ£Ůףٿȫü֮ը
ֻ֮ǰԺ֮жֳһ棬ǸҶϲӵʿסѪʱΡ
ͬʱһ澹Ȼڻ֮Ҳչֳ˳ÿһ˶Ŀ̣
һ̣һƬţ˶ŵĿ⣬ſǸ棬Ȼ׻˼ֵʿΪѪӣҶɱ׵Ľ壬ȫ˲ɱ
Ѫߣ壡
Ҷٴʣʮʿһͬ飬Ҳ뷢˲ҽ֮ǵҲըڻط֮Уǵľ壬Ҳͬһɿֲ˲ɱ
˶ĿɿڴȻҶλѪȻԳؼƬʱ䣬ɱ˽ǧˣ
ȻҶģԽˣԽ˶Ҷη𽥼ﵽһֿ־ĵز
㣬֮ӣʱţȵҶĳջѪ֮ȥ㣡
ͬʱռ˵幫ڣѾΪĵطһ𷢵ӢͻȻ
ӵɫʱòҰޱȣͬʱһѪ¶һʯΣ̼һʯм
ǽӣΪҶʱ򣬺ͽʹйһս±֪֮оͶҶ˳ޣԣ󲿷ѡԹۣҶѪĻ֮ȻҶɳǰȥѪӡ
ڣʮıҶֱ˾壬ΪĻʹҲӵҶ֪ͨ
һ仰ͽѾﵽԼˣҲҶҶ˿ӣһ˿δоĿֲҲһȻӿ
֪ͨˣ
ҶԾɫƽǿʯͷ֮ϣƺһиûκεĹϵĵȴѪӵĵ
Զ֮ʦȵһԴߵѪӣѾ֮з˳ʦ֮⣬˶һֽ羴Ŀ⣬Ҷ
ղһĻĻ𺳵Ļ棬ͬʮʮܵڴ˿һ˿ʹķй
һУֻǿʼ
ֻʦҶĿ֮Уһ˿ǣĸоҶĴӵ壬顣
¼䣬ƺûκ£κ˿Դָͷδһ£ȡ˽ǧУ󲿷ֵȫ޹ģ
£ǰҶڣҶ˳ƽ̬ûнϡ
ãʦ̲סվҪߵҶߣú̸һ̸ϵ׷ʲô顣
Ȼով𣬾ҶڱչأҪң
ʦ΢΢һ֮зһ̾ͬʱҲջԼĿ⣬۾ϥ
Ҷγ֪ʦҪʲô޷شҲشԼе˺ʹԸˣڵıʱҲѾûյ顣
ǼˣҲĲȥѪӣȥʦ˵Եӵ֮Ǹߵе֪˻ı仯֮ȥ̽ѰԴܣǷһУ뿪ѰѪӵ䡣
ٺκʲô飬ҲãֵҲգǶҪģľǽǰΪһУԲֲϣȻͺǳ׶ϾϵӴ֮
ʵڵңǲ鰡Ҳգ͵ȵɱ˳ǵʱǵѪҵ״ɰɣ
зԳһЦ֮ҶҲ۾ȴ˷Ѫӵĳ֡
ղŷһĻͬ𺳵ڲٷѪеħӣ
ħԼʮ֮õǷǳĵģҶȻָܹõ£ͬʱɱǧˣһǷִڲͬطġ
ȻЩ˵ʵߣܹˣȴǲ࣬ħ̼
Ҫ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҵһ˵ľˣҪմз
ַ򣬺ѪԵѪϢϢأħ֪֮УƺҲֻѪ΢ƿһ˿з
ȻҶ׵Ȼо˿ֻţ̲ס鼱æͨѶ򣬸ħ̼ϣܹ׵ӣ


2086 ȫ
̫£ģԼ˷Ѫӣʱ֮ڣ̸ϵ˲ٷ¡
ΪҶֱյʿĻ棬Ѿʿһ·ϣκ˸ѪӣƽµĵִҶ
ڿҶһ̣ǼԸӣһȫԷȫڵأҶݼ
ǵЩ˿ʶΪƶòֿʮ֮õͬʱǼ˼£ܿӿһ𣬱˴֮˷ܵĳ̸š
ܿ죬̫ˣͺʦһҶĲԾ˭ſڣҶһҪչظӲĽĻ˻ȥ
˾ۼһ𣬱˴ѯţȴҲûܵóһ
ʱȥ֮ҶվȻ̧ͷһ۶Ϸ򣬶ͬʱϷ֮еһ޵֮ϣһ˰ߵûɵĴһ΢΢һһִͷĸо̼ȫ
ˣаڻڵ峤ȻҲ֮ǰҶѪӵٻȴװûûдҪѾѺ֮е˷Żȥ
ԭûнҶϣҶɱʿȾ֮ʱȻе㶯ݣȴԾûзųֵ뷨
ȻڣоһֲңԶĻĴֱԼаϣֱԼԺ֮Уһֲĸо
ڣһת˲ţãи۾ɨԼһ֮󣬾ջĿ⡣
ƽһ¸ղŲֹͣ࣬İοӦ̫ˣǲٷ֮ϰ֮ңҶǿһ۴ôľ룬һҶˣ
ҶҲǿһ۾ջĿ⣬ȻһȦǼһ𶼲һǧ˵Ѫӣ˵ͷλջزٷ壬Ϊȥͬű𣡡
򵥵һ仰ȴɲǼǧеѪȼǰҶı仯еŹֵ̫ˣ˿̶̲סսӿ޲̳Ⲣٷ壬͵˴սһ
Ҷϣ
Ѫһ֮УֻǸ˦ƹ´ѪӶûۼҶĴ̫ʦھǰҶʼѪҶǼţֻҪҶڣôѪ˵һе˶ٿ£
ջزٷ壡
ջزٷ壡
ѩޣ
ǧȺ鼤ܵ۸ߺף벢ٷڣд˿ڲٷħǣеһ˿˿ľ⡣
ҶУߵĲ죬ûݣһһľ벢ٷԽԽ
󣬽ǧѪಽ棬Уֻд˿ҶɽߴʵӰȴû˿ÿһ֮ϵɱͻüһ֣ߵĺ֮ǰʱɱѾ۳ʵʣ
󣬷󣡡
ٷ嶥Ѫ֮УԭҶλ֮ϣħɫ˻ŷ
һǿӲٷڴ
ûǼյĺĿ˿̵Ĳٷ壬ֳĴ򣬷ֱǵ£ɽţɽɽ
ÿһ֮УнǧʿϥһԹ
£һȺʿһС͵󷨣˶ͬһڳһŹֵͣڵһֹķʽԴԴϵ۳ͬһ塣
ɽţͬһȺʿųһ״ÿ˵֮ȼһɹɺɫĻ棬죬ͬ״Ĵڡ
ɽΪܼʿгһ޴ĻΣҲк
ɽ֮Ѫ棬ʿ٣ֻаң֮УʵҲʵߵĸǴﵽ˾
Ĵʿۼ֮е£͸Ź죬Ӹ¿ȥͻ֣ᷢĴ֮еʿǺɫħĺ棬ȻһͷӰ
˫ţɽȣɽϰɽۣͷ
ͬʱǲٷĺɫҲȻ˷ɢȥҶĻ棬ȴ˿Ǳһ־޴ǿסһ㣬趯
ȫ̬ħӵ֮£˲Ϣ֮ͽ˼¡
ҶĿǰһУȻڵ㽫ЩȫɣʵӦŲСİɣ
£Ҷǰ


2087 
Ҷ¶֮ɫҶ˵ʵԴƿӡһɱҶɻصҶ֮ͬҶı仯ĸоҪʦĶࡣ
ΪϣԸϣҶı仯ʮ־޴÷Ҷʱ̲סɣǲԼӡڼ䣬˴Ҷȡһ˵ڣ
ȻҲʱûиȥæŶᣬʼձ־Ĺ۲졣
ȻҶȴǸĹ۲죬˿ᣬһǽųɸ꣬ȥ׳
һеһУ÷ҶʼֲõԤУԽҲԽҶҶ
֮ǰҶոʱ򣬷ҶƾѪӡĴڣѾ֪⸽ŴѪˣЩ˲֪ʲôԭһʵȻһоʮеϢƣҪЩͳͳջѪӶ׳Լʵ
ҶĴڣʼղû뵽ҶȻȥЩڣ˵Ǹʵİ취
̵Щˣƿ󷨣
ԷҶǴɻĿ⣬ҶһЦϥ˵ϣұ۾ڸҶ㹻ʱ䣡
ܷҶгɻ󣬵ǿһں֮ŤϤף˵ǾԵζͲסʱһйǣתź档
ҶͻȻըǧģڿԣٿȻޱߵĺ֮У
ͬʱĵħ񣬶Ȼɴ۾ͬĿڵѪ
ȻҶ˵еСС⣬ǲδ̫𾪣ڣѪϢǸ֪֮ȴ˼𾪣
ħ̼󣬾ΪҶûѪѪеķ˱ķʮ꣬ǳħΪԸκ˶Ǿмв
ΨѪЧ
Ͼз˶ǴѪ֮߳ģѪʮλʬƶɣ˸ָϢħ˵ֱȻĲƷ˵ܵѪӡ֮Щ³ΪҲӵзѪ
ˣһ̣Ϊ̼ʶԼ߳˴شһһһ·
ڵҲŵȡѪҲƲѪ۶ħ˳ﱸ֮õļƻ
ȻԼе㲻ţʵǰΨһĿܣ
Ȼ죬ԾɲҶڵѪ֣ȴҲʶԼһħͶĿģͲΪѪ
ǵΪʲô
̲סԻкǲܲϲԼڹĸо
ŷҶըǧĳǺ֮ԭʹڷ״̬ĺ棬ͬϽһ㣬׵Ŀ
죬ֱգӲĽոջ¶һ޴ĺڰա
֮еӰĲҽ֮һ̸Ǵﵽ۷壬춼Ӧ֮ĳЩʵǿĴҲǲĲѰ
񣬴˿̾ڵڰ쾰ڵһʹ֮Уԣλ֮ʹվң˵ǰ˻ڲٷڷΡ
̼ķʮ֮ãѪԭȵķ˼ɣһȫټӰΪˣ֪Ҷܷȫƿ
ҶΪʮ֮䣬Ȼﵽ˾˵ĸ߶ȣѪȻϣˣҪȫƿǸӰѪеͷۣʱڣԲƿ
ߣĻûѪİҪƿ󣬿ҲҪһṦ򣬷֮Уֻң޼᲻ݵĽܹ֮ʮϢ֮ƿҶҵҪҪõʱ䣡
ʵϣȷﵽʿе۷壬ʥսﵽһµһ˵ʵҪƾһ֮ҲǲƿѪҲҪ൱ʱ䣡
ڷҶ֮вϢʱ֮󣬾洫һŭ֮һͲٷͬߴͷӰž޴ȭͷȻɽ֮˫ȭ߸߾ͬǸ߸ϵһɢһɿֲѹΧɽ˲̮޾ʯ
ֻҶϥǸ򣬰Ȼ
֮УҶϲҲ𣺡ӰǴ󲹰


2088 ֮
ŷҶ£澹Ȼڴ˿̿ʼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ԭɢĺѾ˲ٷϡ
𣡡
ӰٴηһŭȻ̶ֳȵľӴ޷ܣܵʹࡣ
ֻӰ˫ȻſʱһɰӿӲĽѾĺ棬ֳſľ롣
ףе㱾£
Ҷ֮𣬽ţ֮ǧ˸Ǻڰҹ֮Ƕһ㡣
¡
һ촫澹ȻֱӴӲٷ˺Ѷ˲ٷ壬ڣӿ
ÿӿһΣһ˸ķľͻʧһ֣зȫʧ֮ź澹Ȼ۳һΣǰͬߴɵӰңңԣ
ȻĿе㿴Ǵʱ˿̣п޴εʱжһĸоˣҶ
ֻҶ˫Ŀգƺһ鶼޹һһۡ
ҶȻѪк֮еķ֮۶ɡ

ҶȻڷһ˫ȭӰݺȥ
ڲٷϵħѾŵɫԭӰҲһ֣ͺ϶ΪһŹ
Ȼں澹ȻѪɣھǴӴ֮ӰսһһȫʧȥӦеá
ȻʱϥĿҶѾȻ۾ɨһۿڻ๥ŶԷľ޴Ӱҡҡͷ̫ˣ
£ҶѾȭͷΪӰӳһȭ
֮
һȭ£ضΪ֮𶯣һõȭͷڿвϱתۼͱ˼ǧɴСÿƶһ룬ᴫ¡¡ͬı֮
¡
һȭͷӰϣ
ɸߵӰȻһȫºӿһɹͬըڴӰһ죡
֮Ӱû˿ĵֿ֮ȭͷһ֮£ʼ˲
ǱеؿںȻըͬһƬһѸ߽⣬߽Ҳ·Ϸͬʱӣ˫ȣ˫ţܿ춼һĺƬֻʣһ˶ޱȵͷԾƯ֮ϡ
ٺ٣
ҶȻһЦſͣһǿӵʱͿǸͷ֮Уѿ뵽˺ҶĿУ
ٷĴĽʿҲӰױͬʱÿ˶ǿѪ꣬˺˿
ϵ£ʿɽ֮ϵǰΪǿʿͬͬӰһɢ
ӷҶǧĳ֮УֱڣʿɢܹȥϢʱ䣡
ʱ˿̣ٷϣֻʣħһˣ
һȭɱˣ
ʵ̫ҲǸе𺳣Щڹս֣ľսȫ޷ǿ
֪Ҷǿǿڼʮһʱľ֮ͷ֮򣬱Ͼǲ߲ݵһĸͷ
ˣһԲ֮ڴڵ֮ȫҶùһȭݺݵĻ˳ȥ
˵Ӱħ̼ҲһеȥӲһȭ
ϢȻվйâ˸ȻѪϢʱ󣬵ʵҲС
ʵ֪ΪѪҶֱӳֵĻϢʱ䶼ò
ջȭͷҶŲٷ嶥ȥæӰķҶֻǵĶһ仰Ҫ˷ѣȫˣ
£ҶѾվ˲ٷ嶥
ҶԾɱɸߵȻڷӰǿҶĿ֮УȴʷһΣ˼ɵ֮ɫ
˿̵Ҷ֮͸Ը񣬻ʵ
ҶվǸħӵǰɫƽĮĿע֪ͨһħ̼׼֮Ҿͻȥ
˵֮ҶһץͽħӵֱӴü֮гħ̼µһ˿ȳ֣Ѿֱӱȫݻٳޡ
ҲĽħӵӸһԵķҶˣúţһ
ţȻΪ̫𾪶վڲٷɽµڶѪӣҶٷѾأ²ѪӾڵ¹Ѻţȥ壬飬һ֮˵


2089 Ա
Ϻ֮еĺ֮ϣаڻе峤ڼ֮УΪѾǰҶϢʱƿɱħºħӵ
ȻҲ֪ħ̼ȻΪ񣬱ȻǼţҶǰȴֽͬһһ
а峤¶һ˿η壬ĵҲӦý˷Żȥ
ȻʱһƽͻȻ𣺡ˣԴǻȥ˳㣬·
˭
峤ɫɲǼò԰ޱȣ˼ȥһΣͬһͻȻ֣ҽȫ֡
ƾκˣʼհֱòͣǰǸ׷Ѫֺ˪ӡ
Ҷ
ո֮пȻҲû뵽ڣԷȻͳԼǰ
Ҷƽĵ˵Ѫߣ壬ѺˣӦ뵽ңҲᣡ
峤ŵæֵȵȣ岢ѪӣǸаˣֻ̫֮ǻع壡
ʶҶǿ֮λаڻ峤ŵǿʵǷǳԼҶĶ֣ԼæƱ磬ҪΪԼӮһ
˵ǣǾǣ
ɱ
ͻȻ峤һ𣬶ʱӰ˷֣еͷеͷеһ˫ĿѪ죬ͬҪһ㣬Ҷ˹



ǿҶλ峤Ѿ֣ǾͿǰаˣǳɵ壬ȻըһԻصǵڿӿ
޴ıը̼֮㽫һ룬ܵĺˮͬһ㣬һһľˣź֮ӿ¡
аˣȻڽӵ峤֮󣬺ԥľԱ꣬ҪҶ
ŽͿֲ֮ǶִУҲаԹԡ
һƵ̳գ峤Ŀ޷̳֮еľǿֲúϿճһɵУ֮£κеĶᱻ˺Ƭޡ
峤һɫο֣֮£Ȼ޷˺ֺȻĵļ𣺡ȫ
˵仰֮ע淢飬˵̻һ⣬˿ռ֮ţ׼ӻص졣
ԼҪģ˾ȫ⣬ֻҪܱסԼֵá
ˣϧ׳ԼܵɱҶΪԼøᡣ
Ҷан֮࣬峤£ͬʱԱ
䣡
̫ըһ㣬һţâ֮УԱ׵ĽԲʮ֮ڳ׵Ϊƽأȫɢ
һ̣һƬ֮УǶĿĽ͹籩֮⣬ѾҲκεĶ
˾޴ĶٴһЩֵע⡣
ԱһʵҲҪݱһ氡
аСҲĺɱ֮Ȼϧô˵ʮʧȡҶĳɹˣһĹͣ
ɱҶҲҶҲһСĹˡ
ҿδأҶʿԱҲԵֵûʲô˺µġ

ͻȻǸ˼ʮ֮ң޾͹̳֮Уһƽ
ʱеĽ޾̳ͬʱԼٶĿӿȥ
ٶ֮죬࣬գ֮䣬ǽʿԱĿֲȻŨһƴĹ
ʮﺣʱǿӿĺˣڱĺȫָƽǰܵƻ֮⡣
ǹ֮У˸¡һٵСһ
򣬺Ȼһֻ֮ϣ
ʱ˿̣а峤Ѿ˿ռ֮ţռ֮ҲԼٶ£رգֻҪȵȫ£ô峤ͳɹҶ׷ɱص˵졣
Ȼһֻͻأ˹ͬһһ㣬ֱǿռ֮Žһ˿϶֮С
ƽȭʱһɺȻ֮ӿռ֮ŵķ϶ӲĳſһȭͷĴС
ͬʱһֻŹƽָסǸȭͷ϶֮УȻȭͷջء


2090 շ
֮УȻһ춯صľ޴ըը֮ǿ춼𶯡
ҶվѾǱΪƽصĺ֮ϣһץ𣡡
¡¡
޴ĺȻͬܲһһɾ˵ӺӲİ˳¶·һͬɽһ㣬Ӻ׵ľ޴ʯ
Ӵ֮ⷽһ澰һʯ֧һĺڰ֮Уλƣҡҡ׹
·ĺ֮Уһ˷ܵ˻֮һʮɣɣǧɵӺֱ
Ǳںˡ
л
峤ΣҶǰҶһ
Ҵǻزٷ壡
ҶֱӴ뿪˺һͻص˲ٷ֮⣬ߺһСƬ֮ڳ֣̽Ѱܡ
֮Уһ
Ȼа˵Ա֮Ũһ򣬲˿ռ֮أ
ֲ̫ˣʲô磿Ҫ֪¾֮Ҳûܹ
ǰԱ֮кˣôȡ
Ҷص˲ٷ壬ȻովһֲսǶڲٷڵѪ˵ȴֻǹȥһ˲ѣҶȻʹ˸˻
ӽǰĵļסû˿㶯ǣ֮ǰһпʹͳޣһֻ
仰֮ҶӰѾٴʧֻһȺ𾪲Ҵ˿˿ɻѪӡ
Ҷǿ󣬳˵ϣϤҶˣڴ˿Ҳһ˿졣
ȻҶҶദѪڲǺܶ࣬ǹҶ¼ȴѪһţڹΪʿǵĤݺ;ԲĸԸļѪΪѪһӶеԺ
ҶֳһУ֮ж̫࣬ȫһ
ΪԼ˺Ҷʵ֮رǾɻȴҲұ㡣
Ҷʹ뿪˲ٷ壬û뿪죬ŵļڵĵطȥҪԼµĳŵ֤ļҵİΣ
ļңѾǵ壬ΪͬūһĴڣռļҵľ񣬶ΪļʼպҶϵǵҲʿҪҵĶࡣ
ľһȻ뵽Ҷܻļұû뵽ҶȻħһаһ󣬵ļңң֮죡
ȻħһаһѾǿ޷Ҷľһͬգ۵ĹͱҶȫɱһڲ
ļҴˣҶȻǸмҶȴǾܾǵл⣬˯е֮ȡ˳˫ֱţ͵ļҼǰ
һ̣ļ˶ɫ԰ףǻΪѾҶȴҡҡͷް

ǵģΪǧʿΪڷսڵĹ٣Ӵ֮ļҲҵıӻ֮£ֻҪҶһ죬;Բκ˺ǣҶµĳŵ
ţҶֽʧȥй¼򵥵˵һ飬Ȼļҹһת뿪
ĿǰΪļļˣȻļҵĳŵҲʼЧֻΪŵҪһ·
һʱ֮ڣռݵ¥аһռݵ幫ҵĽһռݷħħһ֮Ĵͷ֮⣬ȫ߽⣬ɢ
ǵˣȻҶ
˽ʮʱ䣬ָռ죬Ȼʮ֮ȴҶһ֮һʱ֮ڣȫշ
ʣĴ壬Ҳһ֮ȫĵĳ˻죬ֻʣԾûκζ
ҶҲһҹʱ֣֮⣡
ǵڶһΣǴ֮£ѾȫĿ
һƬƬ͵ľ󣬻Щ̨ͤ¥ȫ٣ڵġ
зߣȫϥƣǻߵĴأõ֮С
һĻҶħеǣЩͬУԼ˳ǰ˴ҲӦýУֻǸϺУࡣ

Ҷ߶仰ǸϺУӹһ˿ӰΪܾãǸϺеϣżܡ
ڲЩµʱվڷĽ籮֮⣬ᣬ֪ܹ֪﷢һУڣʽף


2091 Σ
Ľ籮֮ԣҶվа֧ʱ֮󣬾ת뿪û֪׺з̸ɽס
һ֮󣬻ھʧȥҶӰʱ䣬쿪ʼһֱڰ쾰죬ҶӲһ֮һĺȫɱɱߵߣ
ܹ죬Ҷ˵ʦִʥս컨֮ò׳٣һ·ӷ˽磬죬ӻ죬򵽵ڰ쾰죡
ȻҲٴγΪڹעĽ㣬Ҳ⣬Լȡõĳɾͣɵ׳٣ȴû˿ĵ߽
Ϊ֮£ΪϣĿǰɱģϵģµʿԸǣԼҪӳȫʵ
Լս֮·ҲոտԼʵʱǸ߸ϵ񣬼Լǰǲ֣ԼҲҪھ졪죡
ֱ
죬ԹΪصڣӹŵ񣬳˴ʥսĺ֮ʱΪһֵս⣬֮⣬κһܹ
ս죬ȴͬããһСʯһ㣬һ˿ûм𣬾ͱʦ֣ɱ
ҶȴǼҪʹʥսͬһ·ĿĲ񡪡͵
Ҷ֮Իôٶȴ򵽵ڰ죬ϣܹҵ飬ϧԷȴټҶ²⣬Ӧö֮УȴԼĵ
վھߵƶ֮ϣҶգԼһڴʱ˿ֱӴ죬ݻٶȣȥսУ˳Ͱǡ
Ȼ굤ͨսѾǿйرգҶȴһλӵԺ֮У֪һڱ򿪡
ԭҶֱӽսģǿǵսϾ񿪱ٳһռ䣬Լ룬׹رշսǳ״ݻٷսԼ㲻£ҪҲ϶Ҫһۣûн룬Ǽߵ硣
ΪԷһ⽫ǸԿռ䷨ʱ䷨ַ֮֮УֻԼܹ롣
յľͷսĸ
ûκֱ֪ڣҶѹԼΪ磬ƾԼյԪ֮ٿ֮Ϊãһѹƣľ˲񾳣ʱή٣ֻҪɹɹ׵Ľ졣
ʱɳҲԪ֮򣬵ǱӦûŲ࣬Ҫսʤֻеȵҵ֮գԣӦȥɱ˳ǣǵѪҵ
뵽ҶѾ⣬Ŀգٶһʱ䣡
˵֮Ҷ׼뿪ȻʱһɲΣԤжȻȫ£һ
ΪĴߣҶδ֪ĸӦȻҲˮǴߣ˿ܵΣ֮ΪǿҵһΣ˼ΣԴǰӿֳâ
Բ֮ڵķ֮֮˲䱻ٻϵǰӣ̼۳ķ㡣
룬һӡ
𣡡
һ쳹أһͷ߰ɵľ޴ɫҶǰò˿һεļ֮ϲ
飡
Ҷٻ֮£붸Ȼһ壬̼仯һһߵĺɫƣҶǰ
һй̣˲Ϣ֮ɣʱ֮϶Ȼ˺ѿһ޴ķ϶һֱֻ۴˳
񣡡
ֱֻۣҶİѾΣֱ˽ںʹʥս죡
ڣֱֻڳ֣ҪԼˣ
ʵһĻҶѾ뵽ᷢԼ˷Ĵݻ񲻶֣϶Ҳֵġ
ҲҪʶһ£Լʵ͵ȣжĲࡣ
ȻΪ൱ΣգвͻҶҶȴһ̣һٻҪǿ̣Ҳ׼ͷŻʹõġԪͼ

˼ɵοˣпǴдĴߣȻǿҲϾֻǵ֮Żе꣬ӦòԪͼĶ֣
ԪͼͷǲᶯõģΪʮõ֪ԪͼĴڣԼҲһһ֪ض᲻ϧһдԪͼԼҲؽ
ǲ
һ˺գغֱֻۣѾҶץ˹


2092 һ֮
ֱֻ趯ɲǣڵȻ˵磬ȫֱ֮С
һ̣ڸûаĴڣ
Ȼһ磬һ֮µڵõֱ۾Ȼһ㣬ǴŲݿֱֱܵҶץ
֮⣬ҶҲԵĸоԼܵĿռ䣬ȫֿռ䷨ĲٿأԼʹãֻû뵽һ죬ԼȻҲᱻͬķж
飡
ֱۻ֮䣬Ҷ֮ǽķֽ֮ͬһ㣬ԷٶȲ㱬
ٲ㣬ǧ㣬ֱ㣡
˶ķ֮֮Ȼֱֻ΢ͣһ¶̼ɢָͬصĳ֮һ㣬ϡ
ˣ
ܾҲ֮һתۼͱ鲼֮ϣȻȷԵסֱǰǰֻҪϢͻ֮ͬһȫѣ
⻹ǽ⿪˵һӡ֮
һ֮ƣȴΪҶȡ㹻ʱ䣬ʳָѾָ֮ǵĹ㣬߰ٶʮͨѨλѨŵֱۺݺݵȥ
ͬʱüһһһҶ˫ۻҵٶȷɿĽһͬӡÿһӡһؼķ֮
֮ͬǲûбȫգҲĿǰҶԿõĹߡ
֮ˮ֮֮򣬻֮򡭡
ҶԼ֪ɲ֮䣬Լķ۳˶ٷ֮Ȼһ֮£˫ǰ͵ƳҶʳָָ⣬ͬʱײ˵ֱ֮ϣ
䣡
ľ죬ȴΪҶǾƣֹͬʱУһ춯ˣ˷ϯȥ
һʿֻȻͽѪֹɫ԰ס
ʵԵ͵ʿֱӱ飬
Ҷָ֮ϣ߰ٶʮɫѨӿͬһ㣬˵ֱ֮Уͬʱַ֮Ҳͬ롣
ֱڻ֮ͣɼǴֱִƤ֮£͹𲻶ӣţÿһ͹ȻȫתֱۺӴλó˹ȥ
͹𣬴֮߰ٶʮѨȫ˲Ϣ֮ͬһλãţȻը
飡
һ촫ֱ֮ϣ֮Ѩըλ֮ȻӲıһ˿ڣֻвûѪһƵƬƮɢ˳
Ƭ
һĻҶͫȻһ˵ֱֻۣͲֱۣɵ۶ɣ
ѹֻӵ˿ֲ
ֱǴλõըȴҲҶһ˿ϣ
Ǹλãɲͨĵطֱ֮ϵһΪ̫ԨѨλ
̫ԨѨλڶ֮Ѫʢֱۺƣ̫ԨѨٴƷͬٲһ㣬ǿޱȣγԨ
⴦ѨλϮǿըͻֱۺ֮лܵͬͬٲһ㣬й
ʱ˿̣ӿƬԼܿʼٴγֵһõ֤
Ѫս
Ȼһ˲ɣ֮ϴֱſָҲڴʱȻĴָָۣץΪ
һָ֮ͬǧӰȻδҶȴһײҶ
ҶͫѾͬèһһߣѸˣѾûκηʱȥܣֻһҧȻһ뱾𣬺ȻӲһ֮
飡
ҶͬɽȻײУһݷ𶼱ݺݵ˺ѿһڼѪ˸Զɶȥصײϰߴɵɽ֮Ǳıһɽ֮С
һ֮ǵֱڵĴ󲿷ȫӿʣµĲԭʮ֮һȴѾҶˣ֪ղҶֱֱץסĻڻʲô³
Ȼ׼ŹҶ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ǳ̫ԨѨϵƤȻʼᣬؼոɢ͵ƬҲٴֱӿȥٴεſָҶץ˹ȥ
һΣҶ֪ԼҲ㲻ˣȴû˿η壬ɫƽ
ȻڴʱͻȻһɵĽʾͷһɫһɫĿ꣬Ȼǵֱۣ


2093 ˲
ɽ⣬ĺݺײ˵ֱ֮ϣ֮УȻһʿлһɫֱ۵ͬʱȻը
ǣ
ֱ֮ϣȻһѵѷ죬ǲƵĴһ쳣
ҶĿǰܶõȫҲǽֱըһССĶȻͻȻ֣ڲؽʿĽ⣬Ȼܹõֱ۳ֵƣ֪һ֮ǿ
ͻȻֵĽ⣬ҶȻסΪʵ󲻳֮䣬Լ֮⣬Ȼеڶ˸ҶԵ֣ӵеʵ֮ǿҲԼƽȻǱȵҲǲ̫࣡
Ȼˣ
ǳ˲ɣٴ𣬲֮ȴƽޱȣƺ֪˭ƺȶѾ֪һ̣һ⹥ԼֹԼץסҶ
¡
ŵĽֱȫըѿƬ˷ֱȫ֮䣬ʧ١
ҵȻ֣
һ𣬶ͬƽȴ̺һŨŨĺŭ𣬽ţһȫڽ֮УҶĴ֮۶޷ĿӰʵľͷһ
ҶȷԼûȻҲ޷ƲɫӰ˭ǽɫӰ֮䣬ܿ࣬ȴ͸¶һµİԼһֳ׵ʡ
ˣ
ɫӰȻڻУѾߵ˵ֱʧĵطûпҶǶ֮ǵδɢѷ죬ƺڵȴʲô
ҶһҧȻһ£ɽ֮Ѷסӿ˺ѷΰʹ࣬ɫɱƽĬĬĿǸɫӰ
ȻǼȻҶԵ֣ôҶȻѷǵУҶڳĬƬ֮ȴǶŶԷĵҺ͵֮飬͸³
ɫӰԾûпҶҲ㣬Һ͵֮䣬ͬŲ֮ҪԵȵ֮󣡿ңڵ㣬һսʸûУ
ȻɫӰĻƽҶȴܴӶԷ֮иܵһֺڵӣкмٵתͷԼǷҪȡԪͼ
ӣб
Ȼٴ𣬶ǵ޴ѷ֮Уһֱֻ̽
ΣҶָоڵֱۣ
ߣ
ɫӰһߣУҿɲ壬Һ콫֣
Ӱ£һ⾹ȻЩڿ̻һʿͽ״󽫣
ת֮䣬Ȼٸʿͽ״󽫣ÿһ˵ϣɢɷηս⣬ǴϾƲÿһнӽʵ⣬ȻҲǽɫӰе콫
ɱ
ɫӰȻһ֣ٸ콫Ҳͬʱ˾춯صĺɱ֮Ȼȭͷűŵֱ۳ȥ
Ǻǣ񡭡
ٴ𣬲ո˵ֵʱǽɫӰʼձֵƽȴǶʱƣƺȥҪ˵Ļᴥۡ
ɫӰܵĽⶸȻʮ֮ңԭӦڹâ֮µҶȴڱͬʱ͸оһɼӲƶԼ壬Լ˵˹Ļ֮⡣
˿֮µԼ޷ֵƶҲ޷ͻƹĻ
ȻһԼȿҲǽ֮һ顣
ɫӰ˭Ҷüͷ¶һ˿ɻ󣬶Ƭ֮ɫָƽתȥٴĿһĹĻĵȻҲǵ֣֮ԶʱͲȥ죬ֻҵɣ
˭ҵģ
ҶԼ۳һֱߣǿе˹ĻҲǸɫӰܷ˵֮תߣ
ҶڲǺ͵ֵʱ
ԼĿľҪʵȻѾ˽⣬ҲɫӰͻȻ֣Լ˵ΪԼȡߵĻᣬôԼȻûбҪȴǶ˾ʤȻóѹ׵ԪͼԸ
ˣõѡ뿪ıƻȥսУɱ˳ͰˣɾԼ֮󣬵ʱԸ
ҶˣǵǽɫӰûгס
ʱ˿̣ǹĻ֮УҲٴ𣺡˼ӣ֪ʵݰҲе⣬þòˣ


2094 ļ
սڣԴҶӱչ֮ѹ֮˳ͰҲͬʱ뿪˾ʥأǰ硣
ʱǵĿѾΪνλҪܵɱӺ£ʵ
ΪʱƣսʿһѾǽߣһȻǷˡ
ͬǺͽڣܹʮһˣ˳֮£ֳɣΪһ·Ϊһ··ͬʱܱǰ
Ҷʱ䣬ӻֱӴ򵽾죬ٶȻǿԱģ֮УҲǷֱ˽µʿ
緢飬Ǻ֪飬ϵѰſԳֵĶ
֮ڣԵϮҶˣȻΣչͷǸɫӰûг֣ҲкֱǣܹԪͼܹӵһѹ׵ĵơ
˵󲿷ֵʱ䶼˼ɫӰݣĿǰڵͨϢѾһЩ˽⣬ǹڽɫӰȴʼǺͷ
ߵʵڲڸҺԿˣϹ嶼⡣
⣬һֱֻƿռ䣬ҲҶһ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ǵ²֪ʲôԭ޷뿪죬ֻķʽԸˡ
ȻĹʽҲǿ󣬵ǾԲıˣֻҪֵܹסֱۣôûкֱӽ֮ǰǲ̫ġ
ȥҶƻѾȬȻһСˣѾ಻סжڸĿԣڵν˷ս
ʮʱսڷսʷϣҲһ漣ˡ
վڷսǧ֮УҶ̲סĲһ£ôֻҪ뵽ڶһԼǰɱĺѣȴģƲסľҳ鴤ţľʹ
Ҷı۾૵ĵİɣλҿ϶ΪǱģǣҵˣ飬ĵţ
ٴ۾Ҷǿų鴤ѾָƽҲǹž޲һ㣬ǿ̼ǵصսڵǧɨȥ
ͬʱһ֮Уڼи·˳ͻȻͣΣԵĺǺͰҲһͣ£˳𣿡
ˣ˳صĵ˵ͷ̧ͷգոһǿһɨţ˵ʵ̫Ϥˡ
ˣӦȥԸӣȻǼ˳Ƭ֮˫֮͸¶һɾ֮ɫǷֿǣסⳡϷȻѾˣôҲһҪ꣡
ͺ˭Ҳû˵ֻһͷһۣһֺ󣬱ֱ򼲳۶ȥתۼʧ١
˳ȴǲ£˫ֲϵӡһƬƬĳַ֮γɵĹ״г֣˷еĶ£е֮Уеʯ֮ڣת֮䣬ǧõĹ׷ɳһ󷨡
ţ˳һҡǰȻһСŮȻСݡ
Сݿ˳¶֮ɫ˸磬㣬ôôˣ
˳ȡһͨѪָͷСʯͷݵСݵеСݣҶΨһֵˣ㣬ԣҽʯͷ㣬һҪȵһ죬Ҷɱһ֮ٽʯͷ𣿡
СȻеãȴͷ˸磬ˣΪʲôԼҶ磿
˳ЦСݵͷ˸Ҷ£Ҽֻܰ㽻ˡ
Сգһ˫۾ûϵģ˸磬ֻҪҶϸͲˣҶƢˣ
лĻһúϸģֻǲڣСݣһסҵĻ
£˳ȻСһ֣Сݵʱض𣬷˲Զ֮һʯ֮µͬʱõĹ״ӿ֮иֶâһСݾȻƾʧ
һ֮˳³˿˲䣬ʮֲϵףȻıֱһָֻ֮˵ģ
Ҷˣ֪ܷ֮ɹ֮ѾļˣͿˣ
£˳ȻֳԼüһģ˫ǵУȻֳһ˿Ĺâ


2095 ɱĺ
һ֮УͬҲͣΣΪǹɴͷϿһɨףҶҵǣ
ҶǸߵĿܣңһĵѾϵԴʱ˿̣Ǻܸɴг߸λȴš
磬˵ǻ𣿡СŮӺȻڣǵĴ档
¶һ˿Ц֪˳Ҳ޷϶ֻǸǣⳡϷ꣬Ҳһ
ǣǸɴཫеʵ϶Ͳɱˣһſڵ
ûлشʵ֮ǰҲ뵽Ҷͬʱ͸̹׳е飬ǣͷȴ׵ıǸ˳ƣҵĺ
ǸԲԼˣܳܵģ
ҡͷĵȻģϾԶ֣˵Ҳԭǡ
ǣ˵ĻǱɰ겻ĵĵ
鲻˵ˣôˣһͷǵǿҪ˵κλǷһ
죬Ի˵ЩʲôȴǱֻͣһ˿ʣ
û˵ȫĬĬı۾һƽʵȴǷһ㣬޷¡
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ȴǻ˳ոԼĻһ˵ʵôʱ򲻵ǱɣеҪΪǶ֮䣬ûпЦ
Ǹ˳ģһѣ˳չֳˣ̾Ϊֹ֮֮޷ٲĻˣ
֮󣬳һҧһǲӣȻʲô˾ӻǾܹ֮һ·Ǻܻģ
ģƽʱһȴͻȻĶ𣺡ܺãǶڣ
ৡһ£Ӷʱȫӵϱ뿴ķվһ׷Ѫӣƽ飬Ҷ
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ȻķӦ˵죬Ȼɼڲӡ˫֣ȴ΢΢š
ĳ֣ʣҲǷӦ׷óԵıҶ˹ȥ
ȻϣɫĹ۳һʺ磬ͬʴһ㣬ݺݵײҶ
ȻҶȴֻһ䣬㽫ʺӲĻƬеıһ̣Ҳͬը˿
˺һȻסҶһֻ䣡
Ȼ֪ҶȻǿ޿ƥеĳ̶ȣǴʱ˿̣֮£ȴԾɱŵ𣬸
˵ĹҶһһ˹һһߵӣʴǲΪҪҵ򣬸һͣ
Ӿ㶼˵ȻǸȴǼæᡭ

涸ȻһŭͻȻһɫһɫ֮ɫݺݵĴĿڡ
ۣ
͸ض¶ŵ֮ɫȻҲûϵԼĴ磬ȻԼʹɱ֣
һ̣Ҳסͬû뵽Ϊһ仰Ͷɱ

ĿٴηŭбһһɰըӲĽ˳˿֮ϣɴŲʺ𾪡
Ҷʼվעֵɱľ棬ֱ֮󣬲ŷһЦɱĺãǵĽֵ飬ɱĺã
һѪҶڳֱӽȻһѪӣӰ
磬㡭
ڣŮعų棬毺õ֮ѾΡ
ȻתɫĿŮߣòҲһɣϣɱҶ˭ٸҶ죬ٸҾɱ˭
ƺڳ˿̵ı仯ȻȲԸȴòתҶ˫ͨ졣
ʱҶҲڳˣ
֣Ӿȫ˵ϣһѪӿѾ÷飬ǻһڡ
Ϊȥͷ֮𣿡Ҷߵ˵ǰӸµĿų˻ֵ̿úĥһܸģ


2096 Ϊֵ
ӣѾը꣬ÿڵĽѣÿ˵ļⶼǴÿ˵ĹͷǸ飬꣬Ǳи֧顣
ԭȵĲҽеڼѾ˿̾Ȼʱ䣡
Ҷпķڱ֤ǲ£ʩ˸ָĥ
ϵĥǿܹܣϴʹ࣬ȴǺ޲ܹȥ
ֻϧҶôɣʼգǱƽ飬ûй˿Ķݡ
ƽòӴĵ׵һ˿˿ľ⣬üΣ߸˶̲סҪ˵ࡣ
ʱǲŷһӾ˵飬ǾǣǾȻȫǲʵʲôӵģ
Ҳ˵ҪҶ࣬ҲҶǵڳһ˿˿˺ѵʱǾͷˣԼȱһ˿ȱٵģǹĲ֣
˳һ˳ģ
ʱжһ˿⣬ȻȴǶ˳η壬ƺܹδԼ׵ˣʹûŹԼԼ˵ֽţԼ˵Ҳ˵ӸԴϳ׶ϾҶԼ֪Ŀԣ
ڣӵѾȫԼƿأһУֻ
ʵҶҲȱʧһֵ飬ǿǵ꣬Ҫ֪ʲôܹĸԸȥ磬ȥԼ˺֡
ֻϧⲿֵļ䣬˵꣬ǱǿĨȥһЩԼ޴ӵ֪
㣬ǲûзϣȥеԭںģֻҪЩѣֵܣ£ȫɱ
ʱ䣬ѾԼĥһϢĲӣҶ󿪿ڵˣǻԶĴѪ֮УãܣǣŵʸûУȴǵģֻг׵Զʧ
£Ҷָ߶ӵ֮ϣһĲҺ֮Уǵ꣬ճޣ
ӣȫ䣬
ŵ߸ɫӡǣҶԿԸоԼ֮е֮ϣ۳ͬһĵһ𣬾һ֡
ҶڸĹ̵УѾ۳ıʵֱֵԣһᣬ³ֵʵŵ֮УȻǡ顱֣ұߵһ룬Ψȱһ
Ҷ΢΢üʵΪλǹ֣ҵѾױ
ŶҶȻ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫޡֵĿͷʣҲᣬӣ³ֵĵջṹһޡ֣
Ҷûȥʵһ۵ϵ߸ɫӡ֮󣬽ĿͶգʣ˳ͺǣɱ˭أ
֮УҶѾʧ磡
ǣվһɽۣ֮ͬԲһ߹ҵ£Ժ֮˼ǧ
뵽˵ҶʶḶ́뵽һ߹·˵չʱԼľʹ
ʮһȻ֪һжΪ˰ҶݵһϷΪҶһʶҲദʱֵܣΪ߰壬ǴʼնδԭԼ
ѣǼװıѣҲܽܣģ
ȥ룬һգ֮ʱҶʲôһֱ飬ĶԼ˳ˣֻʲôһ
ڣ죬һоͿԽˣҶҼǵһ仰Ϊֵܣαعף仰˵ãȻҲͬ壬ǵһξ֮ʱҾ֪಻ͬʵ֤ҵ۹ûдһ˺һͷǳΪֵܣ£º˻ţ
ϣҵܹ״ɣϣ㺰һ֣
֣
ں֮µʱͻȻһϤȴκθĶ
Ҷ
ǵ΢΢һ۵һ˿ƲסļϤϤĳƺǰϤӰһֳ̣嶯һ˵ĳ嶯
Լֵɱ
һ̣˿ͱ׵Ĩɱ˫֮ȡ֮һĨѪ죬̧ͷǰնվҶ¶˲̵ЦݵҶҵܾˣˣ
ҶƽĿźǣܸоĵǰԱøӵǿϣԼһֵϢ
ǣȻı䲻Ҫʵ
һ֮֮жһϣ
ɺͷһԼ촽ЦŵҶʶ㵽ڣϻëһûģ֪֪Ķ䶼ˣϻ˵ڣҾȥˣžۣ


2097 һս
໣
췢һǺʱڰ֮϶Ȼ߿źɫľ޴ǳг˱ǵ״
߿ǳܣƣ
һɳɱ֮䣬綼һĲڣײе˿߿ǳ֮£ҲòΪ޷Կ
ɱ¾򣡡
Ҷϳ߿ǳ֮ƵĺȻǷ֮
̰ɱɱ֮ɱɱ¾ĸ򣬲ŻԶԶʿ
ܹ֮۳Σ¶һж˵˿̵ĺǣڵĸѾ˼ľ磬ʱ䣬ͨɱ¾򣬸һּΪֲɱ¾֮

ҶȻڼУǰԼĻ
ΪߣȻҲпǵ֮˻֮һõעߵԭȴΪһܹ֮˻۵Լߣ֮˻ҲǾܹɹˣ
ҶһЦӣ㼫пܾǵ֮һڣδ֮ǰɱ㣬ܹѩޣܹҵ̣޷Ż꣡
̰֮ɱ
ǵһͬװ㶸Ȼ𣬶ʱ߿ɢɱĺɫǳ̱ظĿֲϢȻתҶƽ
߿ǳÿһŶɽųɱǵ״̺һǳ֮Խռܹס֮µκ޷ӶݳƬռ䡣
߿ǳĲת߹ɱ۳߸޴ĺɫУͬ߱ޱȵһ㣬и鲻֮չ¶գҲǱѿһ˿˿
˵߿ǳǹĺֱ֮ӽĿռѹ˷飡
ҶվյĽ֮ͷ׷Ѫɫ߸кѹ֮£סһ㣬һ
ǵǿȷʵҶϣһ⣬ʵúǾӵкͷһսʸˣ
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üѿҶһȻ֣źɽҶıȴһָ߰ٶʮѨӿһ㣬ֱžе˹ȥ
飡
ͻȻ֮УֻѪɫצһ˺ͽѾ֧ո˺ϡ顣
䣡
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Ȼצը֮˷ĺȴת֮£ٴα˺ɫǵصļҶ
һ̰֮ɱ
ҶһߣȻһɫ޴Ҷǰ֮ۡĺɫȫ˾壬ȴδܸκε˺
ͬʱһУϥ˳ȴǶȻ۾һ֮𣬷ǿգ¶һ˿ɫȻȥҺˣ꣬ħλǰƣ̰֮꣬ΪӦþһ죡
Ĺ֮⣬Ǳɱһ˿ȴ̰֮ռҶ˲֪һжħѰźõģֻǻһ࣬ȴҶ֪ġ
Ǿǣ̰ǺͺںϣʹűΪǶҲ޷֪󵽵̰˺ǣǺ̰ǣôȴôĿģֻһպȻһ죬Ҫ̰֮Ҷ֮
̰ǣһս
˳֪֮һϣ̰ܹȫɺǣӶǺҶսһĵգǳɹ̰ǣ죬ҶҲӭ˱˴˵Ĵս
һսħۺ֮⣬˳ͬҲƶá
˵ںҶսѾǺǣ̰ǣ
ҲΪˣ̰ǲŻҶһƴ֮ڿѹҶƣ⻹ҶӼչس֮󣬳˵֮⣬һܹƾеĶ֣
Ҷ֮תɱжȻݺݵײһһߵľ޴У֮Уֻ׳֫
໣
ͬʱʼһûжĺǣҲٴηһһԾԾ֮С
˲Ϣ֮䣬תٶ֮Уһͷ𣬶صĺɫǣ֣


2098 ֮ս
̰ǣ
ɫ壬űŰѪȵ˫ۣĵҶĽɫҶĻ˿Ժ֮ҲͻȻһڵΣΪƵľһ̣ҶֻȻ̰ǣ֮У
߶ǲⷲȺǴ˵еɽ磬գһ棬Ȼǲݵս֮֡
໣
𣡡
һǣһѪҺݷ𶼷ͷųǿҵս⣬ͬʱ˾˻֮һеĳ˶Է
һ̣ǲǺǣҶҲҶǷ·ĻΪɽޣߴɣب֮䣬սһ
¡
ɫ˶ͷݺݵײ̰ǵؿ֮ϣľ죬ӲĽ񷶼һ㡣
ɫ̰Ҳʾײ˵ͬʱֻצȴǺݺݵץס˾׳壬š
βһ˦ɳ̰ǵ֮ϣս̰ҲſѪڣһҧ˾Ĳ֮
ͣ
𣡡
ޣԭʼķʽչ˼ҵĶԿѪĽɣǴײѪǵս
Ҷʼɫƽվ߿ǳİΧ֮£עžԼ֮Զһ춯صĺ֮
׼֣Ҫ֣̰֮ɱɱ̰ǡ
ͷ޵ʵ̫޴͵ضһ󷭹ڸǣʱ˿̣֮еȫѾſ˵ϣ壬޲£û˸̧ͷһⳡս
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Ѫɫ֮У̰ǣľһ
ɳѾ̰ǵһȦһȦ̰ǷޱȵצӣҲھ֮һһ˿ڡ
Ϸ׺ͷڻ಻ϵ˺ҧţʺ֮ŭݺݵײţ
ꡱһֱҧ̰ǵĲӣȻһӲĳһĥ̴СѪ졣
ǡһһҧסǣһšǾͱҧϣѪ罦
˫ƾУ˫ֵһ𣬿вѪ꣬ɢƮ䣬˼ա
ͻȻ֮䣬ɫȻһҧ̰ǵԺֱӴ͸̰ǵͷǣͬʱ޴Ѹ͵Ťһ˦Ϳ̰ǻһźڹ⣬Ӹ߿֮ϣءһһźɫǳ֮ϡ
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ۣ
Ѫɫ۳һõǧѪӾĴ̰ǵؿڣͬһŶһ䶤ǳ֮ϡ
໣
̰ǳʹ췢ĳХֻ֮צסǵѪҪԼڰγ
ǣɫȴǽѪ֮󣬳̰ǣ˿ʱ䣬ֻצѾḬ̇ǵͷǻ֮У
Ѫ쭣ͬһһ㣬ǵصĿй
צٴۡУ̰ǵĲ֮УȻݺһᣬ̰һʹ຿У˶ޱȵͷȻͱצӲץ̰ǵ壡
ѪӿͬһֵȪ˸߿գ
䣡
ʱ̰ʧȥԴ壬ǿצ֮ϵԴȻը˿Ȼһ
ɸߵľ޴壬ը֮γɵ൱ڻһ㣬˲γһټĢƣɫȫûֻоͬʹ֮д
𣡡
˸ɫĢгԭɳ壬ֻʣǧң̰ԱĿֲ֮£ɢͷ֮䣬Ҳһľ޴˿ڣѪ
һսʼĿ죬Ҳ죬ȻӮʤҲ˼صĴۣڵ»Ҷ֮ҲֻʣһСĲȱ壬ƣĳҶüġ
ҶʮֵഺղŽɫĳĢƣԼһҲ̰һ׵ʧ
ܾˣ
䣡
ɴڵ߿ǳ̰Ա֮£ͬը˿Ҷܻ壬ԾվԭأĬĬעţ
ıըͿе޾̳ɷɱ˰֮󣬲ȫɢ
Ҷվ˰֮á
ػָƽһжɢʱ֮䣬ṵ̂ǵ˿Ϣ
ˣ


2099 ħ

һе˳з֮ҪɱһӦǰ
˵ʱʦʦܣҶһԣһҶȻɱѾΣһΣһΣ
£ʱķҶûһεɱȻһսᣡ
ĬƬ̣˳ŵ֮ôսھʣҺɣƢӦûȥֶԸɣҷŵһζĲܣ

µʱһζţҶ֮Ѿоͺص˿Ϣ֪̰ǣǺǣĳ״ʧ
ĿһƬѾָԭգҶתĬĬ뿪еĵ֮ϣҲ֮ٴζһʵһ
һҶҲٴθоɻΪʵˡ顱ϲһǡޡֵһƲ
˼˺ܾãҶóһ𰸣ҲӦԵʾġ顯֣Ҳġ
վڷսǧ֮⣬Ҷܿҵ˰ڵ磬û˿ԥһ˽ȥ
ǡ
վƬ֮УҶǱͫȻһֱߣʼƽϣڴ˿Ҳ¶һĨ֮ɫ
ǰһССĴׯ˿Ϧ£в˼ҵ̴֮жð̣һȺڿյ֮ϣЦš
һͨľ֮ԻҶ𾪣ΪׯֻĴׯǰĴׯȫֽȻ෴ľ
ҶĴׯ֮УʬҰһƬţеĴ˫ĿԲĵĲʶ
½껣
ҶĿУ˵֣ݷѾǧ֮ңԶ֡
½껣ȸ½ϳֵʥͯΪ׷ѰѪĴУѪ˶ڵһˣ
ԭȣֻͨˣǵйѪϢʱͻʥͯ飬ɱϣΪߣ
ҶҲ֮У֮ǰȴѹԼļչҶǰ
½껼֮еĻ棬ڳҶǰݵСׯ
ô£
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Ҷоɻʱ򣬶ԺȻһʮϤ꣬ҵһοׯʱһƬţҲҵһĿ˵ĲҾȴı䣬ʼҹڻԣֻҵ֡
Ҷ󣬲֪ʱһһϮ°ɫɮ۵ĿʺУȱ֮ɫҶһעǰƬׯ˫֮Уȴŵ֮ơ
УȻǰ
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ûκ֪ׯʼմڰУͬһħ䣬һħһ޷
Ժ뾡һа취ȥֲսУ᲻ϵĴһ統УЩܿѣվĴׯʩԮ֣ڿຣ֮УΪԼжǸ޷κµĴׯĳ
ڰͻȻ֣ҶϵѾָƽ˫֮Ҳ»˱䣬ĵУҲ㶼ˣշˣҲε
ˣħֻصޣܹξ֮У޷ѣΪӵаһ꣬Եһձ¶صʱҲ֮˰֮С
һ٣ҶŵôٵξҲֻٴȱˣĳ˵ΣʲôãѵЩ˾ܹ𣿱ˣ
£ҶͻȻȭͷݺݵĳƬׯ˹ȥ
һɴСȭͷȻ֣ͬһСɽһ㣬ȻƬׯ֮ϣԭ͵ĴׯһƬ棬Ĵ񣬻ˣĺӣȫֱӱҳ˷飬Ѫ۳һѵСӡ
УҲһҪɱ㣬Σ׵ıΪԶѲجΣ
ҶŰԼһֵܣȭͷ


2100 
飡
һӣȻסҶȭͷһ촫ͬʱ˳׿⡣
ȻһȭƾС
Ҷоһ֣ԼļУʵʼպԼǲ£ȻԼҪǿǿҲΪޡ
Ȼû뵽ԼڼԪ֮֮󣬵ȻɺͰƽ֣ӣλʥʮһ֮䣬Ҳͬǽ޴

Ҷθովȣ˫ٴ𣬾УͬŸָķ֮һ֮ʱ۶һ޴شݺݵŰ˹ȥ
°ɫɮγɵķ籩֮·裬ȴƽޱȣ˫סһӡΤӻ
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ͷĹſ죬³һţԣĦȵ

֮ͻȻǧ磬׷ڹ̻֮ͬͷĹ
Ůӣ΢΢Ƿ˫ֻ˸Ƶ޵
һ쳹ص𣬶һĶŮҲ̴ӿ֮и֣ڳָˣϸȥЩˣÿһƺʹڣؽ㣬˼¡
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һǧֻ֮ټϿŨŨա
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һŮһ֣ÿ˵϶һŨŨɱ֮⣬ǳ֮ݷ𶼱ɪһƬ
ӿһʵȻֲŮǬŵ
˱ǵ˷ÿһûһʵ涼һʵӰ
΢΢һЦͷҹ
춯صĺ֮ǧӰЩӰ֮мĿӣҲд󸹱٪壬ÿ˵϶ЦݣֻЦȴ˲
ǧɾһԼԴڵ
ǧų֣ÿһʥ˽޵еĴڣǿ񱩵ƣԽȫû
ھϵǸͷڵ˫ֺʲᳯŰһϹڵ
ĸߴӰÿһӰ֮һ˵Ķ飬Ĳ̤һߵ˵Ľǰ
ת֮䣬ڰУƬһСׯ֮⣬κڣȫߵòķڻ񣬼ȫռƬء
ҶŸ˲ڣҲǿʵֻҪܽȫܣͿɱң
ŴҶ˵ⷬȻ󣬱ϥ۾ƺȥһսĺֻĵȴ


2101 ʲô
ڰսҶİǷл֮Ϊ˲ڣ
ֻǼ˰޵ĳ֣Ȼ죬ȴǼе˲ڣ
˲ڣʵǰ˸ͬ壬˵ңԶķ֮У˸˵壬ԭȲڷڣȺڷ𷨵ĸ֮£ĸԸ˷ڣΪ˰˴󻤷ÿһ嶼ӵ֮ǿ
ڷΤ֮Ҷȫл԰֣ٻ˲ڣȴûκεĶֻޱһԹۿţֱȫٻ˲ڡ
ҶҲû뵽İ˲ڣǰֻٻһ
˲ڣÿһڶнǧܹ֮ǧһ߰ǧɣɢǿʵ
˵ˣվǵǰž񣬶Ϊеѹɵ
ҶɫȴƽĿ£ڰٻ˲ڵĹ̵Уڳֵʱ΢΢һ
ڣÿһʥڷ޵еĴڣȻڷ֮Уڰٻ֮£ȴֻǰ˴󻤷֮һ
ԼոʱļǸ档
һλƮƮӣվͷ֮ʡ
ȻλӾˣݣȻܹÿʱǰ磬ػ磬ȫĽͨһ㡣
ͺǰӰһˡ
ˣҶ²⣬֮䣬һĳֹ
Ƭ֮Ҷ³֣
ǧ֮УȻзܹ֮֮ٻȫİ˲ڣ¾Ϊ˷
ȻڴǧȻλҲŹϵֹϵŵ˷ڵĳ֡
ԹΪصһȺ壬з֮䲢ûκεĹϵڣλ˴ĵУ˷ôɲΪʵ磬ԭûзߣȫΪĳ֣ŽһȺר׷Ѱʿ
Զ㣬ǿɲΪޣħޣȵȣҲͬΪλ˵Ĵɹ𽥳֣ܻӦߣ
λˣһеĸͬΪ֮Ԫ֮һһߵԪ֪Ĵڣķħ֪Ĵڣħ
ͷĳ֣ҶȻ̲ס˸
Ϊһжͬôǧ˽磬ټϾ죬ʿ׷еУеսᣬʵһԼһ˶ѣ
ͬξͬʥأڽ磬һСһΪߵʿ񣬾ɣǧԪ
仰˵磬˽;죬᲻ҲֻǸ˱֯һΣֻǸ˿ٳһС磿
һ죬ҵܻ֮Щ֮У᲻ͬһʿھ˼ѵ֮ʶģٳģ׷ѰһеսᣬνĳɣνĴͷʵǡң
ΪԽߣͻᷢԼ֪Խ٣Ҷᵽָо
նµΪҶ򣬾ݷǣõѪ֮Ϊȸ½ܹɷ֮Ϊ磻ܹԽ֮Ϊ磬ǧķ˽磻ǰ˻֮ΪǾ죻ڽӴ֮Ϊɽ磡
Ȼڣ뷨ȷĻô֪ھ֮⣬ɽ֮⣬ʲô
˵֪׻жٸڣν磬ʲô
ʻһԲԼԲУǵԼǧԲ˳ŷ֣ԲǸһԲ
Բ֪жٸ֪ʱߵһûԲ統У
֮ܣ
˿̵Ҷһεĸ֮ܵʱĸоﷺһɺŨŨĿ־塣
κҲ޷ܣԼӳޣΪ֮ܶΪ֮Ϊ֮Ϊ֮磬ȻǱ˵һΣһС磡
ԼΪǿΪĴΪ׷Ѱ࣬Ǹߣ߿ֱǼΪĿЦͲֵһᣬֻҪԸ⣬ʱܹ׵ĽԼɱԼΪ֮ŬһĨɱ
һе࣬ʲô
ɱ
Ҷ֮У˲֮һĦȣڵһҶ˹


2102 
ǧֻͷĦȣҶ˳
ÿһֻСаɴСĸǴﵽǧ֮ţǻΪߣȴֱֻۣһġ˹˹УХ
һ̣޾ֱط·𻯳˺󣬽ǧֻĦȱΪ˺֮ľˣܹ׵ûǰ·ϵһ谭ǿµξ綼𵴣òȶ
Ҷڴӳ˼лعЩĦȣԼ˳Ÿղŵ뷨ȥΪʵ̫£пܻ뵽һ־ľ֮С
ԲжٸȻܹԲȥҲһܹҵһξôҾִΣ뿪Уȥεˣڣ
ҶȻ̧ͷ֣һɫľ޶Ȼǰء
ӡ飡
ˮϵʥ䶦Ѫ۶ӡŵһֻˮϵʥ䣬ҶӼƹضʱ򣬾Ѿӵһ˿ӡֻһֱδʹãֱڣͬһӿĦȣǻʱ׼Żڰ˲ڣҶԥǿ˹䶦еһ˿ӡ
ˣ
䶦𶯣һѪӶ֮ɢξȾһƬѪɫ۳һѪ
Ѫ֮УһƬĴ󺣣˷һֻ൱ڰһСľ޴ڹ꣬걳֮ϣ˷ļ̣һаһСɽһ
ԶԶȥͬɽ֮䣬ۻ֮С
ʥ䣡
ҶҲǵһμ̬Ȼȫķӡʥıʱ뿪䶦ӳһ
𣡡
֮Ǿ޴ԴȻ췢һ˻֮Դһֻ˷֮⣬ȻԼܹʱ뿪䶦ʮֵĸˣ
Ŀ⣬ȻҲЩĦȣ˫˵ǺС۾Уȴ¶Ե֮ɫ
๾࣡
ĿзһŹֵţӴͻȻ߸Ծڿзһͷ֮󣬺Ȼأ
˿̵䣬֫ŵأվҶԼǳ˷̵Ĺ걳׼˳ĽǧֻĦȡ
Ȼ佫ԼԴ˹֮С
ԶԶȥݷһޱȼʵĺǽЩĦȵǰΪҶסеĹ
ɱ
ɱ
ͬʱ޺Ǭͬʱ
гжǵŮӣһȫſͣһ֮ǵĿзһŤΪˣӳҶҶĶС
ⲻͨӰҶرʶܹܹͬ
һ󳪣૵˽ǳ˼ŭŭ𣬳ҶĶУ̻һεꡣ
ˣҲӳҶͬʱֳһĻĻΣҶݷܹԼ뿴һУˣӣֵܣ
ǬصζҲһӿҶıǶˣԺ֮вϵĸֳһۼľ
ĿǣҶı۾ƳĻþ֮УȴԾû˿ı顣
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷ˫һɵзɳԱ绹Ҫϰٱٶȣڽǧ޺ͽǧǬŵһһ
֮ã
ʱĸȵһ˿˿ͣ٣ǬɢҲǵ
ҶڵĵĶѾܹܵЩɵĻӰ죿
οǼεĴۣ֮ǼܹеԼĵ֮սԻס˲ڡ
ɱ
ɱ
ҹںͰڣһĻҲͬʱɱ֮ǧˣǻǳֿȭɱҶ
ҹͰޣǼΪɱ壬ÿһ˵϶ɱ죬ɱӿη
ȻҶУɱʵĿ̰ǵɱûκεĿɱԡ
ڣڶ࣬ȻҲӣҶ΢һҶѾֶ
ҪҶ˿ķϻҶڿҹͰ޵ʱѾðɱ˵ͬһֲƷ
Ҷҷ˳࣡
ҶЦУ֮ϳһɫĹâÿһâѪ֮йѺһˣȻʵҲȲҹͰޣȴԶԶʮΧһҹ棬ʮΧһޣת֮䣬սһ


2103 
ɱ
ɱ
Σǽ޺ڣͬʱ˺ɱ֮ǧֻչǵһ㣬ӿҶȥ³ĺɫŨ̹ŨĶԣմ
ǧӵͬһ㣬ǰ̳ͬա
һһأʰΧ֮ƣҶԽԽ
Ҷü뿪ûȫȬĻٴγһɫɣŵϹǧ׷һ
棡
û뵽ǳǰҲǰһٻڿҶ֮ʱȻѿڶ֣
Ȼԭʶ˵ڻеڣػ˽һģͬΪǸ˵ĳޣ
һȻҶǰĲҲõһ˿֤
˲ڿһʵڣʵϣǷһķͨһ磬ܾܿɽ磬˸ȺȻڷķʽٻ統С
ǱʵȻҪۿۣҲҶΪʲôһ֮˲ڵԭ
ȻĻǧ¾ܽҶȫĨɱˣ
Ȼϳǿϧ˿̵Ѿǵļ棬ҶĻļѾֻʣĹɴĹ֮С
𣡡
ΪӦҶĻԥĻһ⣬Ⱥ֮У׳β߸֮ʱʮɨ
Ҳ˴˿̵ļ沢ļ棬ȻҲ飬ҸӷŭܿҶĻսһ
Ҷüٴѿʥ룬ɽ̷ɳ뷢ʨ֮ҶԸ˲Ǵģ̌࣬ǰ㣬ݺݵĶ˴֮ϣӵӿɫĵɷ󣬳˿еЩ
ɽҲǽ󣬻һѪ⣬ںԪİ֮£ڽȺкֱײ
˲ڣֻʣΨһһڣҲΪǿڣûзĸߴӰ֧飬ֱռŶĸ򣬽ʼձĿϥһİվǰľȱٻͷڣɫӡ
ȻڱŰ
ʱҶıȴ˲ӣŰڻȥ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾʩչ˻Ԫͼûж֮⣬ʵѾ˳
˵Ͱһսѳ̶ȣ˺͵񣬺ͺǵսı֮ʼδ뵽ս֮УΪǿڣ
ҶжԾûзӦȳֵǸͷڣɫȴһ̶ָǸߴӰ̴ڣӭҶ
ߴӰҶİ֪˽ֹ˺һ𣬱ΪĴ
ڻʱԼͺͼ̳˶λΪֹķйһս
һսҶʤòǰλͷϷֽɫУֱõĴ󺺿Ķֹ
һסغ쳾˼̳λ֮ޣ죬Ҿͬӻ㣬ʱޣĴ㣡ҶһָŰɫӵһ֣鷳
󵨣
ĸͬʱĴı֮λӣڵ֮һݸ߹ޱȣܹܵҶſ̬ȡ
˲ڣΪںΪǿԲȡǵΪڻڣڷڵĵλڷʵҲǿޱȣһ£׳֡
ˣμ㱻ٻǰҲԾûг֣߲ںҶɱ
ҶһЦҵӲ󣬲ǷǰҲɱ󣬸οһڵĻˣ

£ӵɫеѿȻˣ˾һϰɣ

ȲĴ˹ĽǧˣҶΧס
ɣ
Ĳеãһɫ֮Ҷ
ϷֳһȻӶӸ£ɽâҶ˹ȥ
вһַɳצǧɴСųҶ
ǱܹڵסյľɡһĳſǱſķ϶֮УȻХһ磬ͬʱһǿѹأռ䡣
Ĵ֣Хɡ죬Ϊ֮ɫ


2104 ɱ
ڣܹΪ̻Ϊǿһ壬ʵȷǾ˵ǿĴּƣС
磬ɡֹ۶ⳤջƣؼ伤ͬһ㣬
Ҷȴɱƽ֮ɫĴĹδһ㣬гһ֧ŵߣ֮䣬غ쳾Ȼ졣
ܹ֮£ŭ֮£ɱ֮£֮£ϣ֮º֮£
ҶȻǰһӾ֮¿ʼ࣬Ȼٶȼ죬ǴһʱڶĽɫѾ˽ǰ
ǲһҶ㲻罫ԼУȻͿ磬Ȼֱڣʧ
Ҷڵǿٵ֮۶ɣٴʽ֣Զ˵κĹһǵ˺գ
ʧͬʱϷɽâҲֱӴ˹Ҷ˫֮нһһâһ缤ǽ֮֮
䣡
һȻǲɽâǿ󣬵޾һ㣬ҶֱӽɽâӲңҶϣû˿˺
ɴҶзɳľȻ۳һȻ٣ŵ֮
ʱ򣬡غ쳾Ҳŭ֮£
Ȼø߿ŭĴиһ𣬾ǻϽһ㣬ǵŭøӵʢŰ⣬ҲʹϢ֮䣬غ쳾֮У
ĸ˵ʵΪŭĲۿۣӡݷٶҲǱڻľɡǶȻͣĿѹ
ɱ֮µʱĴ˫۶һƬѪ죬ʧȥԷһŭ֮󣬾Ȼٿŷ˸ԼĶڣ
죬ɫɳȻҶη磬Ǵ󲿷ʿ磬һԴڱܵľηȺڸҿЩ磬һҽУڿк㡣
ɽâ˾ʹ̣ޱȣЩͨܶԿģѪĽҽвϣ˲Ϣ֮䣬вڱˡ
Ƿһ㣬ͬǼ˾ҧлȵĻ棬ȻҲڳ˿ͷ
ǱɡҲΪ£һ޾ѹ֮£ȫһվԭأǿ紵Ϯ̼Ӳıа紵嶼ɿͬʬһ㡣
һĻɫɫ䣬ŭһ°쳤˻ͻȻ֫ͦԼһ׹Ҷ˹ȥ
޴ÿһ𶯣֮ĳ֣ǡûʱʱĴҶЩȾڣ𽥵Ļָǡ
ԴҶһЦȴǶȻ߳ɼһâؼ伱ٲƳһֱߣֱ˰ͷڵڶС
֮򡪡ɱ
֮֮̾áغ쳾ɱ֮µȻǾͿںͰпʼ¶Ѫ֮ɫҲʼòܿ
ʱҶͷ֮ϸֳ٣ҴӵһʼԶ죬һֻεڵһ㡣
Ȼںϵһ𣬻һȫµٽǹڣ˲ڣ
ʱ˿̣ʥǳ˼̵Ĺ֮ϣѾ˺ۣʮѾӲ۶ϣļ֮ϣȴһֻֻĦȲȱʬ塣
Ǭźͽ;ֹÿ˵϶˷ܺã֮ɫĳ˵֮ڡ
ѪǧͽڷҶĲٿ֮£ϵҹͰ֮ߣÿһȻһʬ嵹£ֱӻһѪѪɡ
ʥͺɽһƤһѹ֮£ȻѹĽǧֻ˵ˣٲǼΪļѣֻҪֹͣУôɽ̾ͻữһ⣬նɱ
ĽȴսȻδȬӵмһЩƬεĻȴǼΪ˽⣬ڶӵм֮ΣʵȴҶ֮Ľûʲô̫õĹ֮һʱ֮䣬ƾС
ֱʱҶںȫʱеİ˲ڵ̱ã
ξңҾͷԻþɱеĻ񣡡
Ҷһ֣پȻУеԼȴһվ˰ǰ


2105 
˲ڣʵΪֹѾֻʣ²һˣʣµЩҲѾȫҶΪĻþ֮Уʧȥеķ֮ͬ˴׵ĸһ㣬ȴűɱ
ҶվڰǰעʱҲſ۾ƽˮʵ¶һ΢ЦҶȻԽԽǿ
Ҳ
Ҷ˵ʵԪͼ֮⣬ѾеԼıվ˰ǰ
΢΢һЦЦ͸¶һ֮Уٻ˲ڣ˵ѾǼˣû˿ķ̶֮ɱң
Ҷûϳ֣ԾɶŰ֮ſڵΪʲô
Ȼ֪ҶʵʲôЦЦǱ
֣ʱ׵ȼҶʼѹƵŭȻѾںĴ𰸣ԾϣЩõֵܣõѿԭ򣬿ڣѾĺǣǰİĴ𰸣ӵķŭ֮⣬ûκεá
㣬Ҳ
ҶȻ̧ʳָ߰ٶʮѨָ֮⣬ݺݵĵ˰ü֮ϡ
һڰü𣬲ԼΪٶȣ˳Űüģһӣÿһطʵ϶ͬʱ˺˰ꡣ
ʹ࣬Բܵ˵ģǰȴ΢Цƺоһɴ۾ĬĬ˷ţüɢĽ⣬һԼĸλ졣
ͬʱһĴׯĺɽ֮ϣһɫĽӣվעǰϥһ°ɫɮ۵ĺУӵʱһ޴Ľɫͷͷ֮ϣƺһֻɫϻ
ͻȻеü֮һ⣬ţһ˿Ѫüģͬ֩һʼĴӣúеϲϸϸ˺ۣѪ
ӵٶ˼£һʱȥŸոӹſʵʱǱˤ˴һ·ԼϸɺԵ˿˿Ѫ
Ȼſޱֲϣȴ񾲵΢Цɢһ͵ׯ֮
Ѿվ˲֪õĽӣڴ˿ͫ΢΢һߵ˺еǰͨһڵأһԲźпͷȻŻվһۺУ̤תȥ
ҶȴڿǰİָҲɵڰü֮ϣǽԼٶȣȫ˰Ҽӡ
󣬰˲Ѿȫڻþ֮бɱֻʣŰڿ֧š
ʬѪķҶߵǰʱȴ׵Ľͬɣֻͬڡ
ع˹䶦ָߣҲſ˵ϣ۾ɽ٣ڿһ֧ǻޡ
ҶҲǻָҶӣһУеķ룬ǳڣҶҲ⡣
һУָƽؼ·ֻʣҶı𡢷Ͱ᱾ͰԹȶ۾
ʱ侲ţǰµʱȥһ죬ͻȻǲһ촫ֻܵؾȻѿһ޴ķ϶ţ֮ԽԽѷֱ֣֮¡һȫƬ˷ȥ
ΧĻ̱任ģһСɽɽСɽǰһƬСׯ
Σˣ
Ҷջʼյڰüĵʳָ˿̵İ֮϶ǲݺύܼѷ졣
ҶָջأҲ֮ը˿ͬξһͬͬƵ꣬Ƭһ紵ЩƬʧ֮䡣
ҶӲ߰ٶʮѨ֮ٶȣһĿŰ꣬ĥ֮ãֱգŽɱ
ʹ೤µİȴʼձϵ΢Цһ˿ûз
ɢİҶɫʮֵƽ˫֣ĵ͸Ľϵʥ긫Ϊʲôûпʩչ
ţüͷ΢΢ĵңƺб˴ڹһ޼᲻ݵķ֮ˣƺʼŰֱ󣬲ѡ뿪ȻҲпǰ뿪ģˣ˭
˼Ƭ̣Ҷҡҡͷ˭Ȼ˷ôҲͬпǵ֮˻֮һһãһˣҵĺͽܣϣҲѾĳֵ


2106 ʦ

ɳ³һŲԶոҶĵʼޱϣѵõ¶һ˿Цݡ
ѾǵھǧŰپʮʦĵˣһܴﵽʮ֮ϧûʱˣʦ֪ѾսӦϾҪҵ˰ɣ
Цݣ߳ʧǰһ統УһƬïܵĴ֮С
ܵĻϵЦݸŨˣĵ˵ҵһμʦͰʦĵطʦңڣҪƵĵطǸʦҲһ˽ˡ
ɺܸɴһƨ˵ϣһУһƴСʯͷġ
ʯͷϵЦݾȻһ˿ΥĺʦȻˣһһʱ䣬ܽʯͷʦĵôճʮ֮Բˣ
뵽һʯͷһָ絶ʼڰʯͷϵ̳Լʦ
˫ţ壬Դܿ죬һҶĵ񣬾ͳɵϡ
̫ˣ˫ۣˣֻ۾ѵ̣ͬ㾦һҪǿ̲ãͻһҪ
ɵͻȻȻֹϵЦ˲±ֻ۵׵һ˿źһǼҪɵҶĵ֮һգ̧ͷϢվԼǰһѪİ׷ӡ
ʦ
ҶƽĿɣȻҲŵԼĵʵոսѰҺʱ򣬾ѾˣڷսڣԼĵԽԽࡣ
Ȼ֪һжģΪĲΪԼһϣܽѪȥĻ
ǰЩҶԻἫΪĸжڣ˳޵УٴοôԼѪĵȴżɱǣ϶ֻЩ
ɶԼĳƺҶ¶һ˿ЦɣȻҵĺͽܣҷԸ£ĺܺã㴴ôѪôҵĵǲΪǲϣַԭ㣿
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ʮһǰ˳Ȱ˵֮£ǳϷ֮˳Ķ֮£֪ԼӦԽյľ棬ǽϷȥԼĻԣ̬ҶԼ߲ʵӰ
Ҷ֪ɵĿУԼԶڵһλģڰģԼǴŴ磬̬ԸһжԼΪ׼Ϊ
ݳⳡϷкֻܶ࣬ɣҶĵӣҶԣȥҶȥɱҶļˣȻҲ൱ԼļˣٵʦԼļңû֪ɵıŵʹ࣬ŵļ尾ҪԶԶκˣ
ȷҶ˵ʮʱϵһ統УԼѪҶĵһ뷨ڴʹ
Ŀģǵ԰˳˵Ǿ仰ʦ
ֻǣӣҲܹˣһֱҶĵԼҶеһ죡
ԸҪʵˣ
ɣΪʦǸĴӦðǸαٴȱİΪʦǲһԾʦͽԣɱ֮ǰʽ㣬Ӵʱ˿̿ʼ㲻ҶĵӣѪĵӣ
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һ׺Ҷһ仰ÿһͬһһ㣬صɵϣ
ΪʦȥϷеʹԼĬĬܣǣ޷ܣԼʦʦţӴ֮޹ϸ
һ̣ͬǲеһʦʦջⷬ
ɵҵĲţͬǷĲһ㣬ȫ޷ƣ˫ָսȭͷָǶУһεεѪ
̣̣̣
ҶʮһˣۿҪԲĻʱһҪסȻǰСʦʧ´
Ƭ֮ϵЦŨˣҶȻ飬Ҳ壬֪ɱңǿʦķϣȳ֣㲻ɱңҵϣʱɱԹң
˵ⷬͬʱԼѪ


2107 ˷
ãҶѾӿֳɱ⣺ͳ˵ⷬҶΪӣҲҵӵķϣֻҪܽһвҾͲɱ㣬
ɵһĨϲɫҶ˵ģְɣ
˵ʵȴ¶ԳĿЦʦܹˣң
ԸҶһֵֻΪôĵ񣬴ôѪ㶼֪Ϊ۳һ֮죬ҾΪ۳֮·˶ʦͽһУ

ҶһȣսڣǾǧŰپʮŸҶĵ񣬶Ȼȫ
һΣҶǰ֪ͨЩѪӣǷ׳ԶԼȻ죬֪ͨκˣƾԼһٻ֮е֮˷ӿԼ
һΣҶʱ䣬ǧѣȻ죬ȴǷʮֹֻһܵʮ֮
ˣе֮ԴԴϵĳҶǾ֮ʱҶѾ˿еҲһ˿𾪣
֮ǿ󣬳
ãڷսУǵץԼֱۣôԼƾЩ֮Խֱ۳׻ˣ
ͷԺ֮вһţһ̣еͷֻһɱɵͷ
е֮Ѿ纣ޱȣ֮֮£Ҷ˿̵ƣҲ˲ﵽĳ۷壬ݷ񣬻ɷ𣬻ħ֮ǳΪһ֮ռڣ޿ɱ⣡
ָоҲҶȻһͷ
ڼڵʱ뵽ǸԼеͿ־뷨
λˣһеĸһߵԪ֪Ĵڣķħ֪Ĵڣħ
ֻ뷨ȴΪ˿ԼĸܣһӾƲ⡣
Ǿǣ᲻ͬ죬ǸΪ֮ٳһС磿
뷨ȻӵĿֲȴҲΪʵ
Ǹһеĸʿеħôʿ֮ǧۣԴﵽһӴز
Ҷ˼ͷԲûע⵽ʱ˿̣ǿǻ纣Ӵ֮ʱʹ֮ɫ
ʹĵĲҶҪɱԼʹ֮
ԭ֪ʲô֮˳˵Ŀе֪˻ĴڣȻҲ˽⵽ˣҶо޴İ񿴵ҶȻҪ֮ɱԼʵ˷ѡ
ϾǴӷսʼֱڵĽʮ𽥻ģһһ죬ҶǿĵˣȫƾЩ֮ӵзΪʤĿܣһõҪٴǿҪʱĵȴˡ
УһҪֹʦô
ǣһҧ¶֮ɫҶΪĻȳ𣿡
£ɵ嶸Ȼž죬ϺȻһɫƬԴ֮ϸǳֻõǡ
Ƥʼɿݣһͬľͷһ˱üʥһľͷ
ʥľ壡
𣡡
һɵĿдͻһҶ
Ҷڳ˼˵飬ʱĺɣҲ˼ֱ֮ʱűѣųɣɫָƽһֻսȭһȭɡ
飡
Ǽ壬Ȼ׵ľͱҶһȭУȥֱһ
һĻҶе΢΢ΪղɵԸоһǿϢ
Ϣʥǿĳ̶ȣԶԶѾ⿪˵һӡ룬Ӧȫʢ״̬µʵ
ԼһȭҲûὫɴʲôΪӻһٶȡ
ǣѾˤڵأѪ磬ͬʱü֮ҫ̹ɣҶһ˿ɻ
ɾԲô϶ʵ˵ڹ
Ȼʱҧг˵һҶ֪Ķ֣Ҳô׵ɱңҪͬھ֮꣬Ա
üĵ̹ⶸȻ˼£ͬһɫ̫һ㣬˲Ǵ󣬻һһڼ׳ֱ䡱һը


2108 ɱ
ɾԱ֮ԼȻըΪˣԱ֮ʱȴѹ˿ռ䣬ֻǾƬ֮УԲûжʲô̫ƻ൱ʱѡ
ҶȴǸˣֻ˫Ŀ޾̳
ʱ˿̣ǰһ˿ɻѾʧӦ֪ԼĶ֣ԸɴѡԱҪԼһԲŻԵôһԼɾ衣
ֻû뵽ԱԼ˵κε˺
ϧǣʵǱӦܸĥ
ĮһЦҶջԼֱۣԸ֮ɢһգ»ع鵽Ҷĵ֮ϡ
ҶһɨԱ֮أȷǷĳȻʱһȴǳ֮С
΢΢һҶһУһƬ޾ĳ֮УһɫĶֱӷɳġ
ȻһԼĵ
ͨʯͷƴСĵ࣬޲̵ΩΩФΨһȱݣ˫֮ԾһƬհס
ȻԼɵʱŵĵֻҶеֵǣԱôΪʲôȻûͨʯͷ̶ɵĵٵ
ŵƬ̣ҶٴһЦ־뽫飬ΪϣκйЩ˵Ķ¡
ǾʱҶûɵðһ˿ԥȻû񣬶ǽ˿ռ䷨֮С
ҲˣֻԱûзӳӦеսҲ֪ûɹ޷жϳǲǵ֮һҡҡͷҶת뿪ĵڣֻʣһ˳ˣ
ͬʱ˳ͬ۾ָഺ¶һ˿ɬЦݣˣˣҲˣԭȵĲ֮УǱ֣֮Ԫ׼֮ǿΪһ˿Ҳ֪ܷճɹڣֵˣҺܺ棬ҵһ˿ԴںδΪ׼Ԫ֮󣬶޷أ
ˣ֪֮Խ࣬δ֪ľ͸࣬˸ָԣȫƿ֮Ҳ޷һһ㾡ɽǰ·ò˶ãҾܹ֪ҵһ˿Դںδˣ
˳ٴα۾ȴҶĵţҶ϶ҪʱҵԼϾⳡϷĻԼɣԣԼϷҪݵıκ˶Ҫ棡
ʱһΣµʱ侲ȥڣ˳ǰ׿⣬ҶӰ
Ҷֵͬʱ˳Ҳ۾˱˴˳ĬĬĬעŶԷ֮Ҷȿڣ˳ӣѾɣҺҰ
Ҷʵ˳Ϊ˳ȥ׷ɱǣȻû뵽׼Ѱ˳ʱȴֶԷټȻԼ֮ʧˡ
ʱҶʶˣӦ˳֮ͨԼԼ޷Ӧ
ˣҶԼ˫ۣǧ統һһȥϾĴ֮ۼɣܹڵĿĶǷ󷨣Ѿˡ
ֻĿѰңٶȻҪĶ࣬˰µʱ䣬Ҷҵ˳ڡ
ȻҶ֪ܹ֮ҵ˳Ҳ˳ѾõģҲǹҵ
˳ĴĶأеĲ֮Ȼұ֤ᱻҶ֣ҶԲֻܽµʱ䡣
ʱ˿̣˳ɫƽҶĿ佱΢΢һЦ֮ɣΣձҵһʮ꣬
ĸһţңȴҪˣҶɫȻͬƽȴӿһ˿ΪŹֵĸо
ҶʶֵǺǣǿֵǰΪ̵ֵܣȴ˳Ϊ˳Ƕı֪ٴΰΪ˸ָΣ
ŵ˵Ҷܹߵ죬˳ûҪɱ˳˵ʵҶûʮİգϾԷıʵ̫࣬˷ʤ
ǣֱɱΪţԼ˵ĸӦö˳
ҳҾ·ߣ˭˭δ֪ҲĻ㣡
˭˭ұȻֻһܹŴ뿪
룬ǸӦûң
Ҷ˳Ƭ̺󣬺ȻЦˣ˳ıԷǷӣӦΪ˽죬˸׼ˣҺܺ棡
ȻҪ֪Ҳ̹棬ϾҲһ޷ͻҵ׼ҲΪ㣬ת뿪ǣ


2109 Ų
֮󣡡
˳һ㣬ܺȻֳ׵ëƯڿУûһ㣬һ΢紵¸
кɽǺԪɣޱȣ֮УᱻԣԴɽ
˳ٴһ㣬һƴСӿи֣Ȼȥۣÿһ֮ȴ͸¶һޱȺصϢ·һĴ½һ㣬µĲɣ
ȻףĽ֮ռĵ֮ΪΪĹ䶦ʥ䣬Ϊˮϵʥޣ׻˵Ļˮڣ֮ҲˮԴԿƣ
ţһɫڿҡҷˣ磬ʵϣÿһ֮жŨĲ
ľʵȡ֣ԻҪЦЩͬҴӸ統Ѽϵʥʥܣ֮ǿ˶Ϊ֮޼᲻ݣԴݻһзʵϣľ֮ˮ֮˸յԴ롣
֮Բˮ֮ȻΪҪˮڵĻ档˳˻֣һεɫˮθֿУûǴĻӵеĻ棬лҵ棬ټͷǿֻԴơ
˳һδλֺһδϸĽͣܳԽԽ󷨣ÿһ󷨣רҶӵеķʥר׼
ٺȻһ֮ѹ
ɽ䶦ܣ٣֦⣬ֻҪҶʩչôͻᱻӦѹƣӶʧȥЧá
һҶõķֻʣһԪͼ
˳ܵĹ̵УҶɫʼձƽͷβû¶һ˿һľ֮ɫΪ֮Խ˳󣬾֪˳ͷԣȻǿģѶԸġ
ʵҲˣΪӦԽյľ棬˳ȻѾ׼ǽҶӵееķʥޣȫȻѹƣӶҶʵ
𣿡
Ҷƽʵ
У
˳ͷҲ²⣬ЩӦûõһֲķֻҵ޷֪ʲôҲֻĴ㣬ͬΪ׼һ󷨣󷨣ˡҲǰ˵Էģ㲻ֵܵǼѹϢʱ䣬ܹǿ
ⷬҶĲ΢΢һ£˳еĿֲķֻԪͼû뵽ȻҲ֪ˣͬ׼
Ҷ˳û˵ѣԪͼ˳֮ҪѹƼϢʱ䣬ģ⼸Ϣʱ֮ڣ˳϶ĺС
ЩΪķʥ׼棬㻹ĻҾٽΪյսѪ׼㣡
˳ɫҶԵûҪƽƺ˵ҪɱҶҶҪɱ
սսʽڽżսѪ֮ȵȣҶյս˳ȻҲһһӦԿ
ôĹ˳Ѿ˶ʮ󷨣Ȼÿһڿ΢ҶţһԼʩչĳս߷̾ͻӦ󷨳ѹƣ
ʵЩֻСѣˣǸˣҸ˽󷨷Ϊģӵ͵Сд󼫡
СЩˣһԸĻһԸѪһԸѨ
һԸķ֮һԸ
ֻһרԸٺǼΪֲķ
Щȫ׼ˣ֪ɻ⣿
˳ڱͣϸֳһ˿΢ЦĿҶ
ò˵˳ԼҪɱ֮ˣ׼֮ҶжҲޱȵ
ȻŲߵĽԼһսȫ˳һսĵȼֳӦȼԸ
ԼǿսԪͼ٣Ϊǿ
ͷ֮֮ԴԸѨλ֮ѪԸ
ȷǼΪ£ҶԼݷһ㣬վ˳ǰû˿ؿԡ
Ȼ˳ԼĶͷ˼м˵ˣ֪Ĵ֮ۼҪɣɷģԲµе󷨣СҲ޷ģ


2110 ˳
Ҷʦ˵˳ǽǣھͷսУʿǳƺΪǽΪҶߵľʦȻʵ㼫ǿͷԣԼеĲϵ裬ȴúܶ˶ɵ
ڣҶƺŸ˳Ŀ£Ҷ¾ԼʦУ˳ҲҪѷһ˳ƺǸʺƺš
Ѿ㣬㣬֮̽
΢ЦעԼ˳ҶȻЦˣĺ㣬¼һ飬ƺƿ֮£Ҿ㣬ãһ᲻֣Ҷ֣֮䣬Ľֻ˭˭
˳˵ͷһ룬һ룡
һһһ룡ҶЦڵı֮һηĴЦֻЦݺЦ֮Уȴǳɱޱȵĺ⡣
ֻϧˣô׼ҽض֣ĽҲؽ֣֮Ϊһû㵽ǰ͵ܻĵ
֮ã
Ҷһȣ˫֮иֳһһĪؼȻ֣ʹƺδ֣δ֮ʱ֮
˳΢΢һЦ֮ãеԴˣȻڸĲδɣδɹϸ˵⻹ǵֻͬδɵĴܻ֮һսҾԵᣡ
˳£ܻƵ󷨣ͻȻ⣬Ȼһ󷨳ڿмٵĽ˲Ϣ֮䣬Щ󷨾Ȼںһ𣬱һ󷨣
֮У׵ëɵ֮󣬻һγɵ󣬶УֻǴ˿һУǳͬҶ˳֮Ŀռ䣬Ҳǻ޾ĺڰ
ڰ֮УΪǳͱ˷ǵҹգΪ
ţеǳԼٶתҹ֮вϵĸıλãϵϳһһ״
ʱųĳʱųĳֶʱųĳΣգ֮䣬ֱ仯ĿϾӣۻҡ
ǳóÿ״Ҷͬ޵˫֮гֶ
ΪǳΪ˳һ֮۷۶ɵ֮
֮֮ͬҶĵ֮һ㣬ͬδΪս
Щ󷨹ȻֹסҶĵ֮ã޷Ӱ쵽˳ֺҶ޷͸֮еһУֻһϱ״ǳ
ҶüѿԾɫβһ˦˳
˳΢΢һЦ棬ʥȻų޵УǷ˺ȴܹ֮⣬Ҿ裡
֮Ȼ𣬾ͿһһˣɣȼŨŨĻ棬˫ĳύӭҶĻ
ҵÿһս׼һ󷨣ҽҵս϶Ϊһ֪Ӧԣ
Ҷ֮䣬ҶȻ֣ܣպɽ˫Ŀ֮ɱ䣬˳ȥ
ȻĸսԺ϶ΪһôҵȻҲϣľ֮󣬳֮ȱ֮󣡡
˳Ծڵأ˫ȴԼٶȣĻﲻϵĴһӡһλоʵĴһ㣬˳ᢣǲӦҶһδεĹ
˳࣬ǳһ͵ĹâÿһŹâ֮жһƽׯϵо֮޾Ĵȱ֮⣬ֻоȴоˡ
Թó󷨣
Ϊȱ֮רſѪıѪ߱ɱ֮
֮Уǳը˽׵ëͱ̵ݣȻڵҹգһȱоĹ֮С
ʱҡҷëóķҶ
ʥ䣬ʥ룬˻֣
ﴵغ쳾ٵ˹
Ҷ˫ҿʱսʽʱżʱսʱѪս
ֹ˳๥ȥ˳ȴʼձƽϵĴؼ俴ƼΪĳһһ󷨣ӦЩͬ˳һ㣬һ˸߹һ˵Ĺ
Ҷ˳һսȻֻǿʼȴѾǻڵأƾˣҪǲҶνҲ޷κһ󷨣ľ˳˵һÿֹȫƣ


2111 һ
֮ʱƣҶѾνеսȫʩչ˳ֻʣٺԪͼδʹá
Ȼ˳ҲǼȫ󷨣ֻһδ֡
֮䣬ɱ춯أȻֻ˵սȴͬǧڽսһ㣬һֲֿơ
¡
ҶеĺɽȻһëײɶȥԼΪһŹâׯ͵о֮Ȼһɫ˺ۣ̲סһҽУ
۳ʶڣҶûôǱ
֪ЩоĹžʲô˳ģֻ֪ЩоŵĹ⣬ԼȫĿƣԼٻκһѪеķ˳
Լ޷⣬ѪеķˣһؽһÿһˣԼ˵һԶ޷ֲʧ
ҶڸʲôҪٲͼ¾ûлˣҶѾܻҶ˷ŭ˻
ҶȻδȴҲãǾǷҪԪͼ
ս֣Ȼδ·磬˳Ȼ˲֪ʱ׼Ϊ㣬֮ĸ򣬴Ӷ㷨֮ڸ󷨵УԼԪͼУδ򵽵һַ֮
Ԫͼǰؼеķ򣬵ҶٴˣҲܽеķȫգĿǰΪֹֻ˴󲿷˵Ϊķвûа㷨
ˣ㷨򣬴֮˳ڼбչʮһĸ򣬸𲻵κεá
ûʮһıչأڵҶԲ˳Ķ֣
ҲҶҪԪͼˣϾ˳Լ˵ˣ֪Ҷõһֲķȴֺ֪ôͬúӦӦԣǾԲܻٵȫѹסԪͼ
˳ܹ֮ǿ󣬾ΪŲߣƣ˴󣬻δ֪ôǿҲ߽֮⡣
ֻҪԪͼҶţһܹѸٽⳡսӶɱ˳
ֻԪͼҶŶԸһŵƣ²ԼڷսеһУں˳֮Ĵ򶷣ȻҲڹעš
һԪͼôȻ᲻ϧһд۽ߣȵͼеİ֮ԼĽû˿սʤĿܡ
ԣҶǲ붯ã֮£Ԫͼһս˭ʤ˭Ľһ
ãǲã
ݵľ֮Ҷѡڲɱ˳ôԼпУûмĻᣬԲƴһƴԪͼ˳ȻƴŻٵսҲҪ취ӵߣ
ȻҶ׼ʩչԪͼʱһ̵ĹâͻȻ꣬ü֮͸
ˣ
ҶüԼѿһŲֻаƴС̹⼤ֱӳǸںľ֮Ĵȱ֮
ԭ󷨳֮󣬻γһȻĿռ䷨֮赲ĸ棬Ȼ̹⣬ȴû˿谭ֱӳ˴ȱ֮󣬲һҡҷ֮С
ͻȻı仯ҶΪ֮һʼɫƽһо֮е˳Ҳ¶һŹֵ顣
Ȼ̹⣬Ǿ֮ǰδ㵽δ뵽һ
ҶǰҪ˳ǿ޿ɿ֮ܵ⣬Ψһİ취Ƴ
ʲôȻ˳δƵģôֻҪܹô˿̵һһ˿仯ôҶ˵һѵĻ˳Ļᣡ
ˣһ̣˳ҶܻķҶҲʱĿעǵľ֮е̹⡣
˳ռרΪ˶Ըľ֮һݣȻۿɼٶѸٿήŵٶȼӿܿ죬еݱʧ٣ֻʣһǰҪ׳˼ֵɫš
ɫžǳԱ˯һ㣬һ
Ҷ¶һ˿ɻΪѾ֪̹֮ʲôֻ֪ⶫΪʲôʱңԼ̹֮дĲƺһ
̹н֧ʱ֮ͻȻâȱ󣬲ҹâڼɢת֮䣬Ϊؼһжһɫ˳Ҷ⡣
䣡
̹ըһɼκеֲŨҲ̼֮㲼磬Ľޣ쵽սڣ


2112 һ
һӣ
ɫ֮Уһɫӣ
ͬһСǴ֮УɢһȾŷսڵÿһ
ǡ
Ҷ˳Ҷɫӣÿ˶𺳵ˣ
ǶǼʶ֮ˣȴû˵ʲôܹͷųÿֲݵʢ
⵽ʲôӣֻ֮ʲôһֲ˵һִڣ
Ƿ˶֪ӣľĳֲ󲿷ֲֵﶼͨ
ǰӣȴͬʱãģпܲĳֲһδ֪Ĵڡ
Ȼۡһ֮дӵıϳһССơ
Ƶĳ֣һɸʢͷŶսǧ硣
һ̣ӿЩǾȻӵ缲Щ֮£̼вʹȫʧ
ۣ
һ촫ٴγһƣţԽԽ࣬ԽԽܣա顱һ֮ӳ׵˿
Ҷ˳ͷҶѾס˺Ŀעӣȴ֮Ĵڳ֡
ۣ
ͻȻһӤȻ֮д쳹ǧ磡
ȫעˣӤ޵ͬʱÿ˵϶¶𾪺ɻ֮ɫ
֮УȻһӤ
֮治УȷвǺֲϢϢأΪľǾ壬ҲǵļңǸֲĳܹκҪڲٿľϵ֮ǣǣҲͨķʽĸ׵Ķ
ˣǰһ֮оȻһӤʵ̫˼ˣ
ʱӤޣȴҶĳģͷȥǿѾ׵˿Ƿ޵Ӥı¶˳
ȻһӤװ֣ϿΪͨκֲﶼûκεĹϵղʢѾʧ٣֪ƺȫӤڡ
ѿƤȴûʧת˵̹⣬Ӥڡ
һ֮Ӥͱͣ۾ΪƽڿУȻ۾Σȴܿ˫֮гɫĹâͬʵһ㣬ֱֱգԽ磬ڷսڵڴ˿̶˫ɫĿ⡣
ڵˣ񣬻һ·Ҫˣ
ӤĿ⴩͸ʵͬʱλڵĵ񣬺ȻһȻ̾Ϣ֮ƺһ˿Σһ˿ѣһ˿ã
һ·Ҫˣ
ͬʱͬһƬ嫵ǿ֮Уһòŵڣߣվһ߷һµӣȥһԸӡ
Ҷܹ˵Ļôͻϳ˵ȷһԸӣǻеڵһصɡŵ᰺Ķ£
ţ˵ƿ·ĿҶȻǰУ̽Ѱ£ȴֻõһģɵĴ𰸡
ھʼʱžصʧˣû֪ǵȥ˺δ
׵ⷬ󿪿ʵĪǸղֵһ˭
ȰĿһԼĶӣЦŵľܾöûҵԭΪҶֻһû뵽ȻҲҶϣҶۼȴǶۣ£㲻²£֮ǰʲô
Ҷ֣µһ⣬ȴ¶˼֮ɫҶϣҶۼǱȻҶһγڻʱ飬Ǹʱ򡭡
Ƭ֮»Ȼ̧ͷһ𾪵ĵĪǵ棡

棬֦̹⣬ҵ֮ɳľƺЩ˳ռľ֮󣬾Ȼ۳һӣȻ֮еһӤ⣬ǲǵˣ
ʱ˿̣Ҷзɿתͷ̹ⲻԼƷɳ̲֮鿴һԼ꣬ʱ֪˷ɳȥǱ֦ĵ档
ֻǴû뵽澹ȻձһӤҸղŻͷųôǿ
еɻ󣬵棬ʲôڵӤô£
ĪǵǴ󿪣гɣγΣ
ɼΣҲܱӤӣ


2113 Ӧ
Ҷ˼ʱ˳ͬҲڷɿתͷΪǰѾƿغƣȻӦǲκεı仯һ̣ȴ
֮ǿ㾡һУ˵еֻǽ̵֣Уȴǻֻ۳ֶٱյĽȴǲı䣬ѵľͲһԸıֵı𣿡

ȻǸƽڿеӤһЦЦ֮УڵȻһɹ쫷磬˹ȥת֮䣬屻쫷ΰס赲˵ߣֻʱʱĳЦ
Щ쫷ȴΪۣɲǵĹеֲѾһѾȫĿή䣬һ˴֮С
ͻȻı仯Ȼû˳ҶˣӦһԵķҶȴЦһľޣ˳Ҳסˣ
£Ҷһ֣ǰɵĺɽٴλصУܵı֮£ȱ֮ٴη˹
ԭȣľĴѹܣӶʧȥӦеЧ޷赲Щ̺оĹâ
ľʧܵǿãо֮ůĹâȻṥҶȴʧȥȫĿá
飡
Ҷպɽһɳһ֮ϣܿͻţͬо˲١
һľʧ΢ȴ֮ͬһ㣬ԭ֮ƣ˽˳һ·ܵӦ
ľʧ÷ҶԲܹоӰ죬ݿһ㣬ϵĴݻһĹţһоȱ˲Ϣ֮ĳױ
˴ȱ谭Ҷȡֱ룬һ֮У󷨻𣬽˸ֱѹƵķʥޣս
Ƶı仯Ҷ˳ȴûٳ֣Ǳ˴˱ƽĬĬעǸγɵ쫷ΧŵӤ
ڣʱ֮ڷҶķ񹥻֮£ȫɢֻʥޣټҶĻѾŵĽ˳Χ
ڣ˳ͨ쳹֮ܣȫƿ֮ҲְܴΧ֮ͻƶ
ڷҶ׼һʱ򣬺Ȼǲһ촫һ״ӿը죬ٴ˶ֹͣеĶ
̧ͷվȻһֻɫǲûκεֻ֣յľͷ֮һ޴ѷ졣
ǣ
֮󣬴֮Ҳѷ졣
Ȼ˵ĿȴûпЩѷ죬Ƕ֮б쫷ΧŵӤ
ʱ쫷ķѾӵҲԽԽ١
ӤȻô̵ʱ֮ڣһ磬ѾʧܿҪȫ⵽ǸʲôĴڣӵʱܹɢôֲڱӤ֮ȴҪմ
Ҷ˳˼⡣
ؼ䲻ϳֵľ޴ѷ죬Ϊʧȥȫֱһ㣬˵ħ̼硣
ֻҪˣʱҶڽά֣ճɹΪ䲹˴ű
ڵ磬Ҷ˳ͣͬʱά֣Ҳܾȵˣɣ
˳Լѳɶֵʧܷϣȫ񶼹עǸӤϣϾӤΪԼ֮еΨһıӶԼʧܣŪӤܣԶһжҪҪ
ڣ쫷ȫʧ¶˱סӤ
ֻ˿̵ӤѾӤǱһкϥ۵ϳֳһƬ֮ɫһλжʿһ㡣
ȻֲͬһΪԼ
Ҷ˳ǻȻ˸ղŷһеĿġ
ҲǶкݸӵɻҶӵ仯һкȻҪ˿ֲ֣ʲôĪħ
Ͼħ̼Ҫݻ磬ҲȲӵٶȣ
ۣ
ȻһѪ쭳һƵҶȻԼĿ˳
ֻҶźɽǷĽ⣬ѾĲ˳ü֮С


2114 ҾǱ
˳ҶȫעǼǸ֮ƼȻȫΪֶٳɳкϡ
ǣҶעȴʼռ˳ϣͬϤԼǱļһǺ֮ǣԣ׼˻ᣬһ˳ü֮С
ٺ٣û󷨣ԭ㲻Ǹﰡ
Ҷ֮󣬷ЦЦһ룬ȻֹΪܵҶƽȴ̺ϵĿ⣬ȻɱȴԼľò͡
ʱ˿̣˳΢΢һЦ۵һ˿֮ɫȴת˲ţǶĿҶ
Ҷվ˳ǰһ֮ڵΪʲô
⣬ѾȺʹ˲ӣʹ˺ǣʹɣʹ˰ÿһ˵ĻشǵҶ⣬ֻͽŭ
ѾںĴ𰸣ͬΪһ̶ϰһÿɱһԼֵʱҪһ⡣
˳ָһ򣬸뿪˵Ǿʱ䡱һ죬һɹɿ񱩵˷ӿտʼ䣬ؿʼݣɽʼʼʽ٣
ʱѾ¶޴ڶ֮ϣͻȻһɿֲѹһֻ޴ֱ۴
ֱֻۣҶѾμȻǵֱۣͫײΪ֮һΪǵҪԼץߣ̾׼Ԫͼˡ
ȻѪ˳ȴǶȻ죬ҲΪ̫żԵޱȵҪĻᣬԸģҵһڶˣˣ
˳״һ˻𣬶ĻҲҶ΢΢һҪԼüĵԪͼӲıѹ˻ȥ

ֱ۴Ȼһȣſ޴ָȻ˳ץ˹ȥ
ҶûȻҪǶԪͼȻҲסֻĿţͬʱл˳ղ˵Ļ
һ
֣֮˳һҲ˵˳ץߣȴ˳ӵһȻӦָľԼҪɱ
꣡Ҷ˳ԭҲǵ֮һ
֮Ż꣬Ҫȫں˻꣬ϧ޷ҵֻƾ贴߶ڵڵһּͬܵʼչעҶעŴߣǵߣץһǵת
ڣʥս죬ǰ˳ټ˵Ѿҵһ꣬ôĶǵĻôڻʣδ֣
ʱ򣬵ľѾ˳ץУ˳ûκεĵֿ֮˵ҲûҪץס
ֱۿʼϵĿնҶͻȻعһ˳ߺΪʲô
˳ٴָָĳȻȻЦ״̬ԵеôһЦЦ֮оȻһһԳһֱС
ЦУ˳һҶȻ󻺻ı۾̬֮ԭҾǸԸıֵı
£ֱѾеľ޶ʱĻҲ뵽˵ʱ״̬
Ҷ˿ͣһУҶڵһжȫ˲꣬Ŀȴͣһ˳ָεķ
ռ䷨򣬿
ȻһǸ֮ϣȻââҲԼٶȲǰһˮеļһƿˮ棬¶һȫյĿռ䣬ռ֮УһСŮ˯ϻһ˿Цݡ
ŮҶ˫۶Ȼʼձһ̣һ˿ů⡣
СݱҶң˿Ҷ˾ϲ֮⣬ȴû̫⡣
Ȼ綼ˣСݵݣƺΪ˱ߵڣ񶼶η壬Ҷţûзܹɱ
Сݣ
һӣСܵĿռֱըһ΢Сݵ壬͵Ҷߡ
ҶһɨСݣ֪˯ԼΪ֮Ǳǿ˯
ˣȻֻ˳
ȥϸ鿴СݵҶæȽ磬ȻȻһ۵ͯ𣺡磬ܴ𣿡
˵ģǸСк˿ҲѾ۾ĿҶСݵ̣Ͱ͵ĿҶ
Ҷ֪ǵ汧֦仯ֻǿӣƺѾǲȥˣ΢һҶٴδһУҲ֮УȻһ뿪磡


2115 
վڷսУҶĿǸСĻҲΪѾû˿ҲԵüΪƽľһĭһ㣬ըϢĭеһУȫը֮йޣûӰ쵽硣
Ҷת뿪˸Уϥ˳˼֮С
˳ûȻüıɽ룬ǼȻԳֽȳټԼ˵һôʱ
ľǵ֮һĻôȻѲ˱ɵˣ㲻ǣŵҲٽų
ˣ˵ԼڷսڵĸƻԲˣ
ֻǣһ̣Լȴû˿ϲ˷ܣеֻǸӵĿ飬һ˿˿ԼԸϵʹ
ֻʣˣҲҪһħ죡ҶĿ˵ΪľǲԸȥеЩо˵ĺһУԴħİţֻǣҸ֪쾿ǻҲ֪ںδֻܿʱܷ֮УҵҪĴˡ
ҶСݴд˳Ȼ˯ѵҶϸ鿴Ƭ̺ȷ˳Ȼһ󷨣ӡҪ뽫ѣͱҪ⿪󷨣
ҶҪ󣬵û뵽ո󷨣˳ȻҵλôʹѾУˣңûü󷨡
ⷬҶ΢΢һ𣬶Ȼ뵽ʲô
ҲӦ뵽ˣС󷨣ʵϾΪ׼ԶԿǼֲ֮ļҲ²ûǼСݣӦͬһطСݵ겼󣬲пѹǼ
˵Щûˣ취ƽɣʵ޷ƽĻԿʦ֣Ѱ°
˳Ļͳ׽𣬶ҶޱϲϸĲ鿴󷨡
˳ûƭԼΪµԪͼСͬһطôСԿԪͼȷѵѡ
ȻտʼС֮ʱҶеȷӿһ˿ů⣬ڵ侲Ӳѹסʹ±Ӳ֮ȴôҪСݸˡ
ҲСݵʧҲװģпҲʲôŵһӣ취ѣȵһг䶨֮˵
ǣҶٶ࿴һСݣֱӽͻ磬ҽǸСк˳
磡
СкҶԵʮֵĸˣǵҪסҶȴҶĸסˣһɨСк֮ҶȻվ
һ̣Ҷٴθܵ˼ȵ𾪣䲻ܹ˵Ķݡ
ΪСкڣһƬԼԼĴ֮۶޷򣬶ΣҲǵһˡ
ϣģټǰСк
ˣӵпˮ֮ӵп֮СкǴһģ֮Ȼʲôϵ
ܿľ֮𣿡
ҶķѯʣΪҶܾԼӵСкҶĻȴ˷ͷǲ
Ск˫֣ڰ׿ŵļɫֲʱɢһɹСкӿ˹
ͬʱǼֲ֦ҶȻʼ˼ٵ䳤һֱ쵽к£ֱֻͬһĽ
Ȼܹľ֮һˮ֮һ֮һľ֮˻֮ͽ֮⣬оȫˣĪǷϺ;ģҲͬкһӦ֮еģǾʲôĴأ
𣿡Ҷüͷ𣬻ҡͷȻǵζ࣬ӵеκӵеģھ죬ҲһʿܹԸ˵ġ
ҶȻǧϸ˵ʵҲֻȺ壬ǼȻ࣬ôֻˣ
ǣҺ;ģϣദ൱һʱ䣬ǾĿ֮⣬κη棬ǶǺȫ죬ΪƺҲеǣǿ
ˣѵؼ仹ڵ壬ʲôУˣ
Ҷ߶⼸Ƭ֮϶Ȼ¶˻ȻɫиǱ˶Ŀâ֪ˣңͨǡ


2116 ľ֮ʥ
ܹԷΪֱ֣ʥ
ĸֶϹҲ
ɸֲ
ʯͷӰӡƲʣӵһĻԵɺӵԣ̤֮·Ϊ
Ӱأʹ鶼
ʥǴڴ˵֮УߵȼʣΪɵ
سʼһźԪֻܹ֣ܹ֮ĻǾǼ޵еʥ
ֻʥûгֹϾĸʵ̫ͣһߵȼ壬ŻᱻΪ˵֮С
ȻڣҶȴǿԿ϶ϣģǰСкǣǴ˵Уߵȼʥ
ϣȻˮ֮֮ǰСкȻ֮ǰǵ棬ںľϵʥ֦֮£ڳΪʥ
棬ҶոյõʱΪӰصһֵȼֻû뵽Ȼܹʥ
Ҳľ֮ʱ򣬽Լֳݣһݱ˵棬ڸֲΪƶɵĵҩżȤܹϢߵҩƷףҩƷ׵ߣ˵˾ҩЧҩЧԪԵҩӶҩЧ
һǱ֦Ӧǵ֮֮ȻôȻҲľ
ľ֮֮ʼûзںϣֱ˳ӸѼݣЩӦҲǴ֮ܵЩݵϢ֮󣬵Żᱧ֦˹ȥеȫɣӶľ֮ʥ
ҶпٵķһĹ̺ͱ仯յóϵĽۣȻлһЩĵطţĽۣಢ̫ˡ
еɻľǣʥԹʹδ֣ΪʲôԼӵеĲȻ֣һԼʥ
ʥʥޣ룬ʥЩǴڴ˵֮е̳϶ŲͬѰ壬ĳЩͬѰҪ
ͬѰ顭Ҷйâ˸ֻ·Ŀˣ
·ҿ϶Ҫȥ쵽ǲ·Уڴ֮ǰұҪôҾҪɱ飬ֻҪˣҵıؿɴɣֻдɹҲܹк͵񿹺ʸ񣡡
磬ɣ
ʱСкڼֲ֦Ҷ֮Уͬǧһ㣬ϵ»ơ
ҶĿûʱ棬ӦûܶڣҪϽҲʱܰҵæ
ڲ³Ск֮ҶȻҪԼһϾʥǿǱʥҪǿĴڣֻǲ֪׸βǵʵȫӳ
֮ô˵ǰɳ
Ҹȡ֣ľԺ͸ҵߣ
һʱ䣬Ҷľڷսڵĸ֮вϴľոڴڵĲ
ʼʱһľһ꣬θҲԽԽ󣬽ģ磬硣
ÿһ磬ҶͻֱӴľƶ֮ϣȫֱ˿֮󣬾뿪ǰһ硣
ʧҲʹÿҶľһ֮ͻɳ׵磬ٲκĴڡ
Щı仯ЩʧҶʼնû˿ƽĿһС
Ҷ֪飬ʱҲƽ͵Įٵһ磬Ϊ
Ľһ磬Ҷһʱ䣬ȴǻٵѾٸ磡
̵УҲԼһˣʼڷڣͬһࡣ
ǣûкЩκεĽӴһһǵȻ
һʱ䣬ĿʧҶģԽԽӲڣţֻҪԼɱ飬Ȼɣ
һ֮Ҷһ뿪˷սľУĳɳ
Ȼֻһʱ䣬ľѾһʮˣǽҶԼ׵ˣĻҲƴӣûκεķԹԵ˷սڡ
Ҷ˵ڰ쾰죬վɽ֮ϣߵգĵ飬һͶУȻ㲻ҳ֣ôҾȥ㣬٣
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ҶʼѹƵΪ磬һ̶Ȼ֮˲Ϣ֮䣬ʱ۳ƣ¡ѹһĿֲϢɢ


2117 ߵ
ڣħ̼˿Լܺȼ֮أϵŲߴͬһСɽһÿһôغ¡졣
˿̼֮ɫ˫֮׹˸׹֮ȴ͸¶һ˿
Ҷ֪δϣǵҶƵķѼó֮͸е˾ţҶʱ䣬ͽ˴ڵȫɨƽеĲѾﵽ˼£
֪ҶضŹԼԼϾɱ̫飬ݻ硣
ڣ·ڴͬĿֲϢ֪Ҷڶɽ٣һɽٳɹôҶΪ񣬶ǱԼǿ
ǸʱҶԻ죬ҵԼ
ǿɺް֪Ӧòϧһд۽ɱΪ˻Գֶδܽץ񣬷ѣʱһ꣬Ȼɽ٣ض˸ǿ̣
̼ݺһţ¶֮ɫãȻɱңҾ
£̼һУǰֳŸڣͬһӰһҲͷֻҪСࡣ
ޱ飬˫֮еͫʶѾɫȡһĬѪħվһ
ħʬʵǿ֮ˣնħӣǻŵʱķƶɣͬһΪһֿܣ̼Чң޶ġ
̼һָ֮һ㣬ǰ·죬ħһǵϵϵȫ죬ǵѪʬǽ
ָ֮ʬ΢΢̻һڹ⣬ʧ١
㣬Ҷɽ֮ʣսץס˵أģѶǼһɱˣȻǵΪҪЮԶԸڣֻʣһˣУܱûǿ
ڶʬͬȻڹʧ
㣬ȥ죬ѰҵټһϢ֪ͨң
ʬʧ
㣬ȥϹħųԼΪƷˣһɱҶǾ͸һκ⣬¼κܹʦڷӡ
ʬȥ޻أȴû˿ԥͬתʧ
㣬ȥͻ½磬Ҷɽ֮ʱɱֻҪɹұض֤⣡
ʬȥ
Ҳǰ죬Ҷɽ֮ʱϧһдۣ뾡һа취ԱԣҪֹɽٳɹܽɱǵǻ֮Ҿͻָǵɣָǵǣ¹ԭȵ
߰ʬͬʱͷʧȥ
ĵھʬ̼¶һ˿֮ɫƬ֮ſڵȻ֪ҶҪ飬ȴŲʣߣˣ뽫ŶûУ㣬ȥҵ񣬸ȻǵѪ۶ĳЩ飬û׼Ҷ뵽Ѫ֮ĹķҵܷǾҪжٵĳˣ
ھʬҲǻڹʧȥ
ߵΪԼӮñĻᣬ̼еĲ΢˼֣ߵҪĴۼ󣬵ֻҪɱҶҲˡ
Ĵ˿̼¶֮ɫҶ㲻ҪɱҵҪ㵽жǿҪɱң
˵֮ħ̼Ȼͨһ˵ϣӴڹµͬʱֱӽӲҳ˶ޱȵ
̼֮¶֮ɫͷڵ棬߸߾˫֣Ȼ˫ʮָ֮иһѪ
ʮѪڿл۳һħƣɢһɿֲŰ֮
̼ڽдϮΪ㣬޷俹⣬òʦʦ֣ȵ
̼ⷬ˵꣬еǸħɢѪ⣬ޱ޼ʣ̼ڵ綼Ѫɫ֮ڡ
֮䣬ΪѪɫ
Ƭ֮Ѫ֮£Ǹħγһ޴ѪɫУת֮ڣһƬ޾ĺڰ
ͻȻ䣬֮Уһ˿
һΪĻ棬ͷߴɵħ̼˫ϥڵأԴ棬һͷϿգƯһħƣħһתľ޴ѪɫУ֮У͸޾ĺڰ
Ҳ֪˶֮֮УͻȻˡһ죬϶һ㣬ʮֵĴ̶
Ȼ̼ʱȴ鲻Խ¶ϲɫȻͷ̧Ĵ̼ʦأ


2118 ¾㱸
˴֮УҶδħһɱϾֻʱ䣬ͽ˴ȫҲ֮ܽͳͳɱ
ֻҪЩ֮᲻ӲǼÿ죬ߣôҲǱס
ŵһʬһ˲һ֣ħһĺˣϵԼϵգȫܵħٻԹԵʬ뿪ھĳһطϣȻʮ֮ڣ
ʱ˿̣ǵжǳ˷ܣΪҶʱħ沢δ֣ǻٵĶеԹȻڣħ澹Ȼкټһ𣬲һҪ죬ΪȻ涯ŭҪʼҶ֣ͬʱΪ˷ֹǻܵǣԲŽǴ죬Աӻ
˷ܺڴ֮У죬κʿ˵ʮص硣
ǻûǺúһķ羰ʱ򣬴ǰʬѾޱ˫һ̧
ʱԴħ̼ѪŨϡǻһŻСĺɫ棬ǵ֮˲ȼ

ҵʹǲҽгÿ˶ƴҪڵĺɫϨ𣬿ǣ޷
ħеħ𣬴ڲѪΪյ꣬Ѱ޷Щ˵еʹ޷ݡ
ǸΪʲôʬҪȼڵħѪ˺ѷһյʹ࣬˻ȥֱȫʧ
ǰ󲻵һ֧ʱ䣬ʮħᣬѾȫΪħëϣǵѪȫڣ޷
Ȼǵʬ壬ͱʬͬ޺һ㣬ħ̼ӵе֮ѵһʬǽ
䣡
ʬǽεһ̣ÿڵħٴ𣬶һƱղţʮֹγһƬĺɫǽһʵķߣ
սڵķ磬ʦ֣ʥսŵɽ֮ϣվϹҰ͹ūˡ
һԲƺڵȴʲôϧûȵȵˣȴǵħ̼ɳĵڶʬ
ʬʵ֮ǿҲܿģˣͳͳʬץסħ̼ǰ
һǧԵ;վ̧ͷżڱյƷĵֻҪСʦܶɹһ٣ˣʵ˵ǼӲ¶֮⣬Ժ죬һҲܷĵĳǰɱˣ
֮ң̼ɳĵʬѾټϢվע顣
ĿľǶټʱħ㱨Ϊľڹؼʱ̣תҶע
飡
һ죬춼Ϊ֮΢΢𶯣󲿷̲ס̧ͷħ̼ڵķ
֮ûˡ
֮ȻôϹħҲѾѣȻ̼ȥѵģ̼֪ʲô鷳Ȼϧ컽ѣҲҪһ췢ҶҪ꣡
ڣѪµķӡʵȻӵе֮ǿˡ
ˣ̼λѪ۵ĵӣôϧһдۣһֱػ죬ǽΪĵƣҲ˽⿪Ѫ۷ӡİ취
ѣܱѪҪõĶ࡭
仰һħһ㣬ȫԾı͡
ͬʱͻҲ̽ӵ˵ʬ̼ĿѶǵһӦΪҶ֮Ҳ޿ɻĳޣڼɱҶܵõ̼ĳһãֶΪ
Ƭ̺ҲͷӦħ˽ͲʱĻίʵе˵ȥοûнҶ
ȴڳ֮󣬽ԼĻ͵̼ĶУֻҪ죡
ֻҪҶ죬㣡ңһڷӡ⿪ķ㣡
ã
λֻ뼴ǰ죬Ҷɽڼһɹɱøѣ
ͻžȥǵʬ棬ȥ޻֮ģͬǰ
̼ȻԼ֮ⲽԼȥʦѾõ˻ӦΨߵȴǵû˿Ķ
ѵҪĻɾͱҲˣʦҲˣ
ʱǲɣͻȻҲ飬ֻҪɱҶɱɱ˵ĻΣͷһһΣº뽫һʵ˵Ȼ
ģ̼ѹϵĿϲ֮ɫŵķһվ֮󣬶ʱЦҶҶ¾㱸Ͳˣ


2119 
Ҷվھߵɽ֮ϣħ̼ߵȫԼ֪顣
ʱ˿̣ȫԼ֮ϡ
һε٣пҪԵһ٣ҲʿΪ뾭һ٣Ѷ֮󣬿֪ݲаķġ
һԤУε٣ٻǰֻǵ磬»δֹơ
ͬʱԼҲô˳ɽ֮ʱҲһʿΣ֮ʱʱԹɢɽߵעսҲǲԶ
ȴԼܹɽٳɹϾﵽ֮࣬ȻܹôԼȻҲԡ
¡¡
ѾȫڱյĽ֮У֮ڲߣ˲Ϣǧ
е飬һ̶ȫİȫΪȫĵطſ־壬עա
ʿǾڵǣÿ˼٣˵˶ɽˣԶ٣ǲİ
չǰ٣ǵǴδģǶɣ⵽ǲ٣
û˵ʱĽƻ᲼գϾٽ磬϶޶ڽƵķΧ֮УǰƵĸǷΧ͵Ḳ죬е鶼ܵ
¾һ飬ᱻþ쳹׵ıһ磡
˭ڶɽ٣Ϊʲôôֲ
٣϶٣ʸӭٵģĸӣ֮еĳ
ҿӦҶԴҶڵȫ֮ﻹӵĴڣͲ֪ӵҲֻҶٲпôֲ
쿴ˣ
һ󾪺˵ۣ˶̧ͷȻյУһӰ
һѪͷ׷Ҷ
ҶԼɽ֮ϣɫĽ֮ȥֱƲǧ֮ңʱͣ
Ʊʹмѹų֮κ⿿ܹߵڵλãҶ˵ҲѾǵ˼ޡ
һ̣ǻص˵ȸ½֮ϣǰѰڤʮʱΰҪѹɷ۵ʱ
ܣһɹɵѹϵĴ˷ͬһ಻ϵӿļѹ塣
ѹΪĹ죬ܹ֮УѹĹͷѹѪҺѹꡣ
ͷ֨죬ѪҺ纣ͷų˵âϵĻѹ֮еѪҲһһź⣬Ѫͽ֮ͷųҶֿѹ
ϾѪʬɣÿһλ񣬶٣ȻҶôֲٵĿֲȴĿǵ֮ϣǼˣɢˣ嶼޷ֲֿ
Ȼǵʬ嵮ķҶҲʹټҶɽʧܣ˵ˣͬҲ֮ɢòҶԿ١
Ҷǿ̺˽֮ôͲõȵٽ٣Ѿޡ
ɼˣҶ˿̵оȴѾۿ飬Щͬڹעɽٵǣ¶֮ɫ
κ˵ҲһΪ
Ҷȴɫƽ̧ͷյĽƣû˿η塣
֮Ҷ٣ȫΪʱ䣬ӿǸԼеºͿ־Ĳ롪ͷ磬ֻ˵һξ˵ǿٳһС磡
ˣôĿģӦþΪֹ˷óһֳͷ
ʵԽߣ֪Խ࣬Խܷ࣬ҶţԼ֮⣬϶Ҳй뷨
뷨ȷúܶ˾뵽ˣҲδظ˵ҶͲңҸκԼ뷨
ǣȻҲЩӿ𷴿֮ģҪ֮⣬ʲô
ڵҶ뷨
٣ȻΪóģôʲôúµģ
ȻˣôҲܣȻҶһ֣ôƾʲôȥ٣ȥֹ֪һеࣿ
죬ҶҪɽ٣Ҫս٣
ٵһˣһ֣һҪȥսҪܣ
ҶĶĽƵ٣㲢죬ͬǴһͬΪ˴֮Ȼܴͬ죡㲻ͨʽǽ죬Ҿ֮㳢ٵζ
׵編򣬾ۣ


2120 
׵編򣬾ۣ
Ҷһ£֮ɢһ磬ÿһ綼ǧ繹һԲΡ
ԶԶȥ˿̵ҶһǵĹһ㣬ֻĴγɡ
ڿ룬ġžֱ֮ǧ֮ϵĽƶ֮΢΢һ¡
ϣ
¡¡
ɷ״磬Ҷ֮£Ȼһϳһ޴ޱȵĽɫǧɸߣɴ֣룬һһ㣬ȻϵĽֱȥ
٣
ʿϳͬһ磬ܿʶ˲ԾΪٲϵĽͷŶڶɽٵҶ۶ɣ
Ȼܹ׵۳٣ƣ
ڶɽ٣ںսһȳ֣
һ󾪺Ӿ˷ÿ˼Ҷ˿̵ĿģȻҪٽ֮ǰ٣
ɽ٣ΪߵͣҪսսıɽʧܵĻǴڣҶڶʿδţδĿֲ֮ʱǵС֣ٹ٣
𣡡
ҶĿ֮ðΨһͷ
ΪѾ÷ˣ
䣡
˵Ŀɿڴ֮УҶͷŶ٣һݺݵײ˽֮ϡ
պ𶯣ռ俪ʼִƬƬĹѣٹĽƣȻнɷΧıɢ˿
𣡡
ͬʱޱߵĽ֮УȻһĳ鷢˻𣬴죡
˻ʱʿͬһ㣬ѪпհһƬʧȥ֪
ޣ
Ȼǽޣ
ڣͬڹעҶɽٵǣ̲ס˿Ҳ˾֮
˵֮飬ޣһΨʣ٣
޳֣ʲôˣɵʲô٣³ֻһ
ӹŵ񣬻ûλʿڶɽ֮ʱн޳֣ԣ˻𴫳ʱ򣬼ǵǸеһ˿𾪡
ȴǶȻΪȻ֪޵Ĵţ޳֣ҶζɽٽûпܶɹԲ鷢
һ۱˽ɫ۱˺ɫһһڣӢΪĹ졣
ֻ˲֪ͬʱ֮ʱʱֲҲǿģ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һ壬ڽ޵ĴǸ֪Ҳ޷ֻǸе֣֮УΪλڣ
׵編پۣ
֮ʲô飬ҶĿľҪܴ˴٣ܲˣȻһپͽƺһȱڣô˵ٶԿЧ
¡¡
ҶھȻ֮һ缤
һ٣
٣

٣
˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҷ֮оȻ˾һȻɣϵĽȴΪҫۣȻҶĻûʥ֮ΣͰһ𣬳˽ƣ
𣡡
ʱһ˻𣬽ţһֻ޴ޱȵĺɫצӴŨĽ֮̽
ֻצǵأǷΧﵽ֮ңڿкݺһ˺ȻӲĽ˺ƬΨҶĻӹһβ;ֻצһֻצ֮ϡ
𣡡
ǳʹһ㣬޺죬צȻ˽֮УȻţȻֻצ̽˳ֱҶץ˹ȥ
ֻצÿֻɴСһ֣ͬնΪĿҶצǰֱһֻССһ
֮򣡡
ռ䷨򣡡
֮򣡡
ˮ򣡡
Ҷٴ󣬿ֻצҲǲӲһʩչַ֮
֮۳һռ䷨ɿռȫ֮ǻ۳һ޸ˮ֮һˮ֮۳һ𵶣еֻצصȥ
۵
ַֻ֮צǰͬ۵һ㣬һ˲ȫ
Ҳòҵȳ֣Ҷܵס޵Ĺ
񣬻񣬷ֱھڵ򣬾ǰΣԵϲ¶΢Ц֮ɫ
ȴǺԥ̧ŲҪȥҶȻʱҶĿȴͻȻڣʱ䷨򣡡
ĸֵ˵ҶΣȻʧˣ
˵ע֮£Ҷʧˣûκ֪ʧȥ˺δ


2121 Ѫ
ʱ䷨з֮ģ˵ˣܹһˣǷëǡ
ҲֻһΪߵĵʱǿʱ䷨򣬵Ҳĸ߹Ҷʱ䷨򲢲˴Խʱ䣬ڹȥδ֮䡣
ʱ䷨ֻܹĳһض壬ǿռ֮ڣʱŵٶȼӿ߱
ȻҶںľʱ䷨Ҳǻ˴ʱרһ򣬵Ҳֻܹʱŵٶ΢ļˣ
ڽ޵ֻצҶʱҶʩչʱ䷨þצ֮ʱٶ˼֡
ʱҶȴǿԳʱ֮⣬ԣٶȿԳʱŵٶȣ˶˴ǾҶͻȻʧˡ
ʧͿռ˲ƣͶתȫָ
ʵϣҶԸٶȣʱ¾צʱҲ֮һ˲ͬʱת嵽һֻצĺ󷽣ӹֻצĹ
֮һ˲֮ٴοҶѾɫ侲պɽԷ⣬ݺݵĴֻצ֮С
໣
ŭ޺УֻĺɫҲӽ֣֮һȣʱʮգɲǳΪһƬ𺣣
Ҷڻ𺣵ģ˻ĵȼԶԶ֮ǰӴκһֻ棬ȵ¶ȣԼǿݷѾȼʹ˲ȫ
⵽ʲôޣΪǿ󣡡
Ҷͬ˻ڽ޸һ֪ӦԼ٣Ϥûг֣֪ðһֻޣǿĿ£
ǽޣ˵پһκٶΪ֮٣ǵһɽ֮ʱ޳ֵˣ
ʱһİҶĶУ򵥵Ľ޵˵һ顣
ΪԣҲδֹκ˶֪ڣܷɹɹֻˡ
𣬴һ˿κͿЦٱǶʿһֿ飬ܷ˳ɽ٣ȫʵȻڣԽޣȴֻƾȷκ˶еΡ
Ҷź˸ҵң֮Բ޵еĴڣȻнޣôȻпķҾͲţҶ
Ҷڻ֮УǿŻգʼγԼеսϵĶŽ޵ֻյĺɫ򷢶˹
̶˲Ϣ֮䣬Ԫͼ֮⣬ҶѾԼսǷսʥ룬ڽ޶𲻵˿Ч
ô̵ʱȥҶ֮Ѿȼǽ޵Ļվзȼ塣
˶Ѿɵһ㣬עڻ֮еҶȻǲû鵽޵Ŀ£ÿ˶֪֪֮ԼԽޣڵһֻצ֮ʱѾˡ
ȻҶܹŵڣȴûΪյֵס޵Ĺֻʱ顣
һ̣̼Ǹ඼һ룬еԼʵеСΪ˶ԸҶȻ³ߵԼȫҡ
ʱȴվԭأעѾ¶ʹ֮ɫҶŽɫȴǻָƽ򶨵˼š
ҳ֣ҲֵܵסޣҶΪɽߣҪԼʵ޻ܣǳɹɽ٣ôΨһİ취ɣԴߵԿޣгɹĿܡ
ҪҶɣ˵˾ҪҶɱ顣
΢һ֮󣬽ɫ۾̱㱻ɫ棬ƣ»ָݡ
Ѿű֮ģ׼ҶɱԼΪ˳ȫҶҶ֪ݣӵн¡
Сʦܣˣ
ڶ׼ֵʱ򣬶ʱ˿̵ҶȴŽ֮յͬʱ뵽Լ֮УŷҶ
Ѫ˽޵ĿֲҲˣҵʵĶ֣˵ɹһ٣ɽʧܣȴҵֻһ;ͬҲһɢڣҪİ
ҶĿ˸Ҫô
Һ϶Ϊһ
ҪҶ᣿
Ҷ¶һ˿ɫ
Ҫɣ
ҶµͬʱͻȻ߰ٶʮѨֱǰ̵ĽҶҶҲǼͬʱ֣Ѫ֮ͷųˣǱҶٶȴ˰֡
֮߰ٶʮѨȻһƬ󣬽ѪӲİ
ȻЩѪ֮гķˣҲͬƬһģͬ˵һ㣬ںˮ֮سظ
Ѫû뵽ѪսĿģΪ˿㣡ΪǻѨλ֮ΪѨ۶ɵѨ


2122 ı
ѪսһĹѪһеģҲѪһޱǿĹؼ
԰ͨȫ߰ٶʮѨλһﵽΪ磬ʵá
ҶҲΪģڼбչصʱǾԪͼУ㱻Ҷ֮ҶͿʼĥʲô취ܹ׵ĽѪԼ֮
һ߰ٶʮѨع鱾ԴعѨʱҶЩѨȻ۳һƬһƬϾƺܹĺ
֮ţÿһλ󲻵ã˵ΪؼѨλ
Ѩλڳ֮ʱȫ򿪵ģΪӤΪؼԽԽʺӿ룬ЩѨλı
ͨЩѨλ˵˾ǽѨλеɾѨλ´򿪣ټҶ屾;˺üεĻ̺ʺȫǿ
ȻÿѨλ֮ͨһ˿ѨҲΪ֮
߰ٶʮ˿ѨһγɵѨȻ˵Ǻ󣬵ʵϾĳΪĴڡ
ѪһƬѪʮ˾ʬ幹ɣټϱѺзԹȵȸ֮ѨˣˣҶһڻȻѨǿѪĹؼ
ѪսһרΪѪĹ
ħ˵׹Ҳ֮еõԴϹŵһ澭ôпܣˣҲѪѺķ֮һпԾѪ֮С
ȻҶţλӦѾѪ
֮ҶˡѪս֮󣬶ѪͷҶǱڵľ޴Ͳٵˡ
׹ãҶԼʦʦ㣬ħڣ¶δܹ֪Ҿ֪ҲΪĿǰΪֹħ֮⣬ӦöûܹȫͨѨλ
ħۣǼͨѨλǵԲԼô⣬ѨҲȲԼĴ
ûгԹѨȥѪҶ˵һ£Գ䲻ĶѪ֣ȴѪķ
ˣŻݣѪøӵǿ󣬷ȻѪձԼӵУôԽǿԼĺôͻԽࡣ
ͷޣҶڸеԼвԾ׵ĽѪɣӶԼʵٸһ
һƬĺ֮УƯһźɫѪΣѪ֮УҶԭϣ˿ȴǱ𾪺ͻ̿ȡ
ȻܹܵѨǴľ֮ǡþԼǣȫסԼеѪ֮еһдڣᱻɾ֮ƣȻܹʱֵסһ󣬵ʱţգѪᱻ׾ȫıҶӵС
ҲԾԼһŵƣǾѪ֮飬ҶܹѪûҲ޷ȫõѪ
ֻϧ̺ܿˣΪҶȻٴηֳһ꣬ѨѪͷҶ
Ҷ׼ԼһͬɷͬʥһһɹͽѪ
ǸʱҶͻȡöѪȫƿȨ
ֻǶѪľҪһʱ䣬½޵вȴüޣҶڳɹסѪ֮۾
Ȼʱֻǹȥһ˲ڽ޵Ļ棬ȴѾյһС֣˫ȴϥ£ȫС
ֻҪҲճ֮ǰѪȫôҾпԼ
ҶĿǰĴ㣬Խ׼е֮ϣס겻
ȻʱɫĻ֮УͻȻһĨĺɫ
ҶĨɫԭƽŤ˫֮Уһɱͳޡ
飡
ҶڼѾʯĳɽҲԱ治ɫǵֵһ̣ŨŨĺȴ޷ٱƽ
СʦܣڻĻ֮£ƺȫΧǽ޻գƽµһ·ߵҶǰ֮ԶͣӢ¶˹еºЦݡ
˵ѾɱļҪõֵܣΪʦ֣ҷǳοϵЦݸŨֻǣȥñһҪǿΪ˳׶žֺ󻼣Ҿɽ֮ʱ΢һ֮


2123 Ȫ֮·
ͻȻ֣ҶŭڣҲǵע⡣
Ȼʱ֣ҪҶ֣ҲժҶԴȻû뵽Ҷȴλ᲻ٴαҶߣ
µȷ͸ΣϾΪ񣬲Ը񣬶ҶӦҲΪͨҶҲ֪ҶЧҶ
ӦòǹҶϾ鵱Ϊ˸񣬿ӣˣֵܶɱȻҶʦܣܲܺȰɣҶԲܹ֮£
ʲôԭʦеľ棬ǺѼʦֵܶˣһΪһڶ٣ǵḶֹ̌ȻΪʣֻϧн޵ĴڣҶ϶Ǳɣ
֮䣬۷׷ף˵֮⣬Ǹ֪Ҷ֮࣬ҲںҶ˭˵һ£
ħ̼˿ɫȴ粻Ȼ֪һжΪ˰ҶǶڴ˿ĳ֣ǸоЩ
ҪɱҶҪҶҶ϶ҪҪҶֻޣôҲᱻ֮УһҪ˵нʬڰŻҶˣ
̼οԼǿаסĵĲ
ͬʱҶ飬˫ѾճޣʣԾڳŻգһжԺ
ڣҶԺ֮оֻһͷɱ飡
¶ɽʧܣֻҪܹɱ飬ôһжֵõģ
飬
Ҷ˫ֿʼӶ׼ʱȴ΢΢һЦһ֮ٻ򣬴򿪻Ȫ֮·
˵ͬʱ˫ֿٵ˸ӡʼջܵŨŨͻȻҶȥ֮УһɣͨڵĴ·֮֡
·֮ϣָ飬Ҷڲϵǰ·ľͷޱ޼ʵ֮Уߡ
Ȫ֮·
ҶжȻһȪ
Ȫһص֯ʮ˧ܡĴй٣кպĹ룬ƺķ֧֯ͷҾ˵ɱС
ΪˣҶδ֮ǰھ֮УרͻȪ˽йɱ
ֻɱĶЩСආ޷֪Ȫܡ
Ȼ죬򿪵Ȫ֮·ȴжȻ뵽ˣȪˣӦþ飡
ȻȴǲÿɷһЦֻǲ¶һ룡ҵȷִƹȪȴ
Ƿɱ
̤ϻȪ·֪ˣ
˵УĻȪ֮·ȻҶֱȥȫӽͷųĻ棬ֱ쵽ҶĽ¡
һɾ޴ӻȪ֮·ϴţһֻɫľ޴ͻȻ֣Ҷһץ˹
Ҷη̧ͬûһֻƣݺݵӭ˺ɫơ
顱һ˫ײ˲䣬Ҷľƾʧ٣Ǻɫȴֻ΢΢һͣҶץ˹
Ҷ˫֮жȻֳһֻɫƣͫ΢΢һ֮
ֻƣȻ֮ûɣҶոպһ֣ƾѾȻһѾͽҶץסֱϵ˻Ȫ֮·ϡ
𣡡
ʱ춯ص޺֮ͻȻٴֹֻͣͬľצȻץ˹ȥ
̼к죬һߵȻ飬ھҶ֮ҶקȪ֮·ʱѽ޻գһȻҶдϢ֮ȴǰҶɽ٣Ӷܵ޵Ĺ
ߣ޹֮£Ҷ
ҶվǺĻȪ֮·ϵʱȼյĻ澹Ȼ˲Ϩ𣬶ղűյ˫ţҲ֮ӿ֮£˳
Ҷ΢΢һðһ˿ɻ龹ȻԼ˽޵Ĺ
ɻոð̾ͱҶԼˣȪ֮·ϣ϶űȽ޻ҪֲΣյ
ٿȻ䣬Ҷ۾ɴΪ˻Ȫ֮·ǰǾԼԶʮӰ
ۣ裬Ϲ飬ħ
һϤıӰȻǵڷսУҶ棬ɱҶһĺѣ


2124 һݴ
һϤıӰҶ飬ѾһĻĻ棬ܿƵٴθǰ
Ҷ
Ҷ
ǰĺٴĶҶ޲ԼĶ䡣
ЩӰҶҡͷİ£ԣǶˣ궼ޣ׵ʧǻȪڤҲǵĴڣǣŪĻþ
ģҶ𾪵ɫƽһֱǸϹıӰһץ˶Էļ
ҵҪþжʵ
𣡡
ͻȻҶץסǸӰһĺУתòȻľϹ顣
ֻϹı˫֮ƣתͬʱ̧ݺݵҶץ˹ȥ
飬˵ˣ˵һֻޡ

Ҷԥķһ£ӿʱͽϹĳƬʱϹĿоȻٴ³֣Ҷ
䣬ֱը˿ͬĴƬһƬƬѣ£ͬѩһ㣬Ȫ·С
ϹûˣҶȴٴסˣΪϹո˵֣͵ԼǰʱһҲһģһһ˿ȣһ˿Σһ˿ʹࡣ
ҶѵϹ꣡
Ϲ꣬ôԼһƣĳ׵˿Ŀܡ
൱Լɱһ
𣡡
ʱдЩҶ˵ΪϤıӰȫȻתһϤףޱȵҶ˺еͬʱѾ˹
Ƕǻþ
ҶͻȻعһ㣬зһȣãȻʱƽȡ˫ֻӶһϤӰ˹ȥ
˲Ϣ֮䣬гҶӰѾȫͬϹһƬɫĻȪ·
飬
Ҷ˫ֽճȭվ쳤Х¶ɱѾʵһ㡣
ʱ˿̣ҶУһԸȥͷǾǰһУǻþղɱģԼЩѾһεĺǵꡣ
𣡡
ȻȪ·ϣҶܹģǿľͷһв𣬾ͬһ㣬ԶɽԶ
ţȪ·ϣԽԽӰЩӰҶվȥ岼飬һ۶ͷ֪жٵ
Сʦܣʦֵ֮磬ЩӰǾʦһɱһ˿꣬ǺǣղĲֳ׽ЩǵڣҪԥʹɱɣɱǣпܻȥ
ڻȪ֮·ϿͻȻ𣬶ҶȴǸûһֻעǰڻԼЩӰ
ȻҶ£۾üȴѿ֣Ѹײڶ֮ƣ߹ЩӰ
ڣѾ飬߾һɫڿһɳľ޴Ԩʱ赲ס˽һֻצĹ֮¶Цݡ
СʦܶҵĺޣѾԽԽ࣬ȵɱȪ·ϵ֮󣬾ͻῴΪ׼һݴͿ飬Ȼܹµȥ֣ôձؿɴɣ
Ϊӽ޵Ļ֮нҶȳǰҶɽ٣ԣΪ˽޹Ŀꡣ
֮е飬ҲΪ֮ԼסޣܵΪҶȡʱ䡣
Ҷ֮磬Լɱһȫ֣Ҷɱһ飬ʵΪľӭԼҪԼȫҶ
Ҷһк֪飬ٽ޵ĹҲδȥ룬˿̵ȫѨѪ
ǽޣ飬ĿǰʵǶ֣ΨڶʱھԼʵпɱ飬ɹһ١
ˣҶԷɱУԱѪ
ǷȴӵҶȫΪ˱Ҷɽ˷֮֡
Щɱ飬Ȼڶ࣬ҶĶֻ֣ҶͬҲҪʱ䣬Ϊ˱ŪأҲɱ¾ٶȡ
֧ʱȥȪ·ֻʣҶͷ飬ȫ׵Ȫ·
ݵɱ¾Ҷ˫ѾѪ죬ɱ죬ټĵĴ߻ݷûɱһתͷ۱֮źɽȻŻȪ·ȥ
ȥǧ׵ľ֮ҶζȻɲסѪ˫˲ָɱҲǵȻ޴档
ΪǰٴγһӰ
СʦܣʦΪ㰲ŵһݴҪɱңôӦô


2125 һɱ
ҶƺûǷǱ𣬴˿ȫ˫ĿԲĶŻȪ·ǸΨһӰ

Ȼ
ѾԼǰΣһԼɱȻγˣ
ʱ˿̵껹ˣϴ񾲵ЦݣճյҶȻһԲκ˶ܿĳŵİ
ˣߣȴԶģ˴˻ӣȴûһ˿˵
ҶѾһƬհף֪ǰǻþʵ֪껹ˡ
ڲ֪˶֮ҶһΣͺͷ϶Ϊһɫƽиû˿һѸɺԵĿݾһ㣬ǰʵãѾˣ鳾ɢɣ
£Ҷֱ̧ƽȣһ֮ϡ
ۡһŴЦݵģķ˿֧Ƭ˷Ʈȥ
ɢƬͬȪ·һ޾籩һ㣬ΧһУͬµɫĻȪ·ʼ˼顣
䣡
һըȪ¥ʧҶ»صʵ磬صǱ鲼Ƶ֮£ڿУǴδʧһ㣬ǰԶֻʣһֱۣ˺ۣѪܣȴѾº͵ЦݣעҶ˿ûߵֻ޵ľצ
Сʦܣϲ㰡ĳɳٶҳ˾ϲڣֻҪɱ㣬һ
꣡
˵ͬʱ޵ľצȻץ£׵Ľˣͬһצ֮УѪ쭶
ˣ
ʱʼܵȻʮűɫڿлûͬʱӶҫ۵ĺڹ⣬Ž޵ֻצȥ
ҶȪ·ϵʱ򣬽޾Ͷչ˹޵ǿҲǶ֣ǿŵڣѾء
ʱ˿̣ȴԼΪӲס޵ֻצҲٿʮűͬʱ¡
𣡡
һ춯صľ촫ʱĩ֮УɽȻӺΣ޾Ѫɢ
ʮűȻӲĿ˽޵һֻצӣ
֪޴˿̵ʹͷŭŭͬʱֻ޴ĺɫͣȶǲһž˷ϯӿȥ
ϵҲͬһ㣬ĲӿڿгһƬ
飬˿ﻹȥעҶⳡ٣޲Ű취øָķɢӣԶޣҪⳡĩƽ֮бԼ
ڵҲͬ¶֮ɫû뵽龹Ȼǿ˹Ҷɽ֮ʱն˽޵һֻצӡ
ôоƺƴ˱֮ģ
ɱҶɱҲڴʱ˿̳֣Ӧޣ
һǵɱҶԼҪɱˡ
Ȼɹն˽޵һֻצӣԼȴԾǱץצ֮Уצӵĵ׹ȥ
ʱ˿ֻ̣ҶһԾƽվԭأƺһһ㣬Χһж޹ϵû֪Щʲô
𣡡
һ޺еĽͻȻ߷˿ֻצֻ֮УһӴԲԴ֡
Դ֮ϣȻû٣ûϣһŹ⻬һǽ޵Ŀ
ԭӦöԸҶɽߣȻڵ֮ȴҶǳһȣͬһһ㣬ȻԼֻ׹ľצȥȻҪɱȻצץŵ飡
ޣ˵ͬ٣ڵʱѾ֪ˣûгԹκεĿͷȻȴǱ鿳һֻצӣܹʹ࣬Ҫɱ飬Աצ֮
Ȼڽȫ֣ͬʱʼҶȻҲˣ磬ڿһֱӴʧȻֻ׹ľצϷٶȱȻҪϼ֡

Ҷָ΢΢ţһ֮ӿצֹļ׹ʱҲǼ嵽ǰĿҶľٶû͵ԴٴδһԸӷŭĺУȻھҶҪ¡
Ҷȴ̧ͷɫƽĿŽޣȻһָֻڿеľצҪצӣԸ㣬Ǹ࣬ҵģҪɱ㣬һɱ
£Ҷüѿһ⣬һ⣬мȻҶȫעԽԽĽޣ


2126 Ҷ
Ҷ
վм䣬ߵҶһ⵭֣˫ĿҫۣұߵҶȴѪ͸ѪĿƤ֮һߵĹŹַģ϶ǣѪ˫ͫʣɲϱõķĹɡ
ҶֵͬʱмҶɢղȻǿ˲ֹһ֣
пһĻȫĿɿڴȻ֪ҶǷû뵽ҶڱȪ·뿪Ķ̶ʱУʵȻܹٴ
Ҫ֪ʱ˿̵ҶȻڶɽ֮УһΪֲ٣˹δֵĽޣڱ֮УǵδΪֱǼ޷飡
ȻǳɵҶһҲԵúۣҶȴȫɫƽעŸĽޣǵ£ֻ޵צԾڿУצ֮ҲһƬž֪е飬
޶ͻȻֵҶԼвȴǸûз˿ûмԼٶȣԸΪѸ͵̬չԼгȶͷųһҶȥ
Ҷɫ䣬뷢һХֱֻҲͬʱ̧𣬶ʱ⾰˷֮УһɫâȻֶ
âڷâΪ𶯵ķ̫»ײһʱâͻ϶Ϊһ
𶯺ͺϲٶȼΪѸ٣˲Ϣ֮䣬еǵɫâѾ
ʮ򣬰򡭡ֱֻʣ޴ޱȵĵɫâӭ˽޳ȳ
ˮ֮۵˼µı֣ңҲֻ
һֻ޾統Уһ༫ΪŮӣ˵һ仰
Ļո£ȻһŮ𣺡˵ҶѾʸΪˣ˵ʸȡ㣬Ϊˮ񣿡
ˮɫһ⣬Ȼ٣˵Ȼ߱ʸ񣬶ҿӦԸַ֮óķ֮δؾˮ֮ҲǱ֮򣡡
ʱȡĿɾλ񣡡
죬֮һܣǾÿһλеλ㲻ġ
λֻһƺţһĳһ֮յռһλ֮ʱλͽһƺţȡλĪʧ٣䲻
˵ˮǶˮ֮Ĳٿ֮ǿģҶˮ֮ӵеҪǿĻôһҶ񣬽ȡλãΪһˮ
λĸʹݣ֮֮䱻ΪܣΪЩȡǣûκ֪Ǿȥ˺δ
ҪŪһܵ񣬷ǵ֪࣬δһʱڣԼλᱻռݣȻҲͳܵһ֣ټ
ˣûȥ̽Ѱܵ࣬ÿһλҲھܵάԼλÿ˵ĺˣڰ˴ҲḺѰпȡλʿǾɱ
ȻڣҶˮֵ֮֮ĻһΪ𺳵ˮ񣬸ˮ񲻺͵ı񣬽˻ˮ
ˮķŭЦŵַֻ֮ӵһǿķ֮ˮֳ֮ҶĿãѵãַ֮ϵƿأǿˮ֮𣿡
䣡
죬ȫͬʱҲ˱ˮ֮ĶԻ
ˮ֮֮âͽĻݺײһ
ɫͺɫֹâɲǼ죬ֽȻ෴ײƸǾ춯أ춼Ӧ˵ˣ
˵һƽ٣ֻȫȥ⣬ֻĬĬĿżȫبʵʮ֮ɫײȴĽ١
Ȼײ˲䣬ҶֱͻȻٴλ裬ǾͿɫľ޴â֮У˾˵ı仯
ǣ
âԼٶըΪԭȵâҪӵϸ飬ըͬʱЩâȴԱըٶȣٵᡣ
һУΧģԶԶȥĿ¿âǻ˱飬ȫĶ
֮򣡡
Ȼ˲佫ˮ֮ת˱֮򣡡
ˮͱͬʱ


2127 ʧ
ˮΪ
Ȼ˵ˮǶڷ˵ȴȫִͬڣϾؼڵһת
ˣҶھȻ˲Ϣ֮䣬ˮ֮תΪ˱֮˵ǲ˼飬֪ˮͱĵ𾪣ʱѾ˻ȫĿɿڴעѾȫס
һڵȴٵȻҲӹһ٣ǻûǴͻ
޺Ҷĳ֣ڻȫᣬһеĹ̶ɲǷȻҲûϵҶȻܹסԼĹӴǰ壬úȻײǱסĻ֮ϡ

ȫ˱飬ڽڵײ֮£Ȼը˿ľӨƬǵصȥ
ÿһƬƺǲۣп̺˷֮ͽ޵һСƬκһԶǻᱻڵޡ
֮ǾӨƬһһ㣬飬ܶÿ
ڵһ̣Ϻٴ¶˾֮ɫ
ȻͬʱҶֱֻ۾Ȼٴλ裬ǾͿЩͬһܼɢƬȻȫͣ˿С
ţÿһƬȻȫı˷Ž޷˹ȥÿһƬ֮䣬һεǣһ㡣
ܿ죬еƬȫΧ˽޵ߣۿɼٶȣٵģţֱȫʧ
ЩƬһͬʧģȻͷɵĽޣ
գһѾȫĻָƽֻʣȻڲӿĽƣҶԼҶֻ޵ľצ
ޣȻĪʧˣ
һĻ˶ȫ޷Ҷʲô취ֵȥ˺δ
𾪵ʱҶѾջԼɫƽһУʼĽ޵צӣȴ̸ϵĽƳȥת֮䣬Ѿ˽֮С
գռ䷨򣿡
Ӧǣ֮˲ת˿ռ䷨򣬴ӶǿھڿٳһĿռ䣬ʱĽ޸
ˮͱ֮ĶԻͬʱҲڹս֮ǵ;飬ȻһЩߣֻԽܶѡ
Ϊʷ֮УǴδֹ飡
Ϊ߸ϵȻ޷ܣһڶٵʿȻܹǶ޷һУ
ʵȷˣҶ˲Ϣ֮䣬ַ֮תˮ֮סĻԱ֮򶳽󵱻ը֮Կռ䷨֮ٳһÿɽ޵Ŀռ䣬ӶŻý޳ֿͬʧһΡ
ֻϧԵռ޵ΪҶĿǰʵҲֻܳΪݵʱ䣬ò˶ã޾ͻռ䣬³֡
ʱҶ˵ȴǹˣֻҪ˻ᣬɱ飡
ڣ£ʿĿⶼӿ纣Ľ֮Уֻ¾ھĽˣҲ޷͸֮еΣղҶֳǿҶĳ֣赭д֮ͽֲĽ޸һռḶ́Ǽ𺳣ǲȥ֮пҶʲô
ʧҶƣٵǶɹˣûжɹ
ӦûжɹϾδɢ
һֱ֣һֱδɢҲµٳ֣Ҷգܳ񣬻Զֻʿȴٵļ֣
֮䣬ȻҶĹעߣϾƾղչֳַ֮ת㲻ɹ٣ҲȫʸӵһλңǾҪˮ񣬱λ
ʱ˿̣ޱߵĽ֮УҶպɽĸ˽ֻ޴צӣצ֮е飡
ȻûǾҲӦǲԶˡ
޵ʵǿֲһ󣬽弸ȫ飬궼һš
Ҳ飬Ϊӵ޾ѵﲻͣĽǿάϵĻѾ͸ˡ
ֻЩ֮УȴҲɢҲȫϾ
ԭӢҲһģѪ⣬ˣȴȻֳһȥЦݣڵ˫ۣעҶ
Ҷ˺ɽͬƽע飬У˿ϲŭ


2128 
ʦֵܶˣ˴עţ˭Ҳûгؼһļž
ҶȻƽԺ֮ȴǲȥÿһμ棬εĿʼ֡
飬Լʦ֣ӦǱԼΪԼڷ絲ĳȻȴԼҲ޵ĳˣ
ʬԼǰζԼ֣ڳ׷Լ֮ģ
Ϲ飬ħӰءһԼĺѣ鵱Լ棬һһɱ
磬ԼĸĸˣԼҪļңȻֵĲ飬Լǿҵĸо±ıԾ飡
һĻĻ£˵ҶеůежĻھô֮ҲڱζĪһַ̡
ԼΣټʱĳȻû뵽Ȼǰһ
Լǰȴʧȥս֮Լ׵ͬһֻһȫĨɱ
ȿȣ
ȻһҵĿʦֵ֮ܶļž
СʦܣܺãȻûʧ
֮Ц˵
ҶĬƬ̺󣬵ͷӦûʧһֱϣܸҸ㣬ֻҪɱ㣬ҵͿԴɣ
ǺǣȿȣһЦַһҵĿԣѾ֮ܳΪ͵ĵطѪĭĽ
òֹס˿֮ŽЦǰϧǣûˣ޵ǿʵڳҵ֪ҾӦõҪڽ֮ʱٳ֣һ̫żһ㡣
ҶȻҲЦˣҸұɺһˣĿһҪӳʵѣ˵ʵеʧԭһΪĿġ
龡ϵЦδ䣬ȴΪҶⷬһ¡
ʵûҵȷĿģ֪Ļ߹Ҹ㣬ȿȣ鼫Ϊѵһ£Լ΢΢һȻҪվ𣬿ȴ޷ֻܼĿǹʦѪһţ
ȻҶȴǻҡҡͷң֪飬ʲôĿģڶҪˣȷɹˣɹĽұ㣬·Һһɱҵĺѣɱҵˣɱ׽ֵǣ
죬һжսᣬһȡλΪµȥҶĻȪڤҶϵЦݺȻüΪºͣˣм˸ˣٵĻȪڤеĵһˣؼΨһѪĶӣ壡
˫ȱͫףҶ仰ʱ΢΢һѿڶ㷢ˣ
ĸĻȪ·ϣڽѪһ룬ӶҲ֪һܣԭҵ֮Уһ˿꣡㽫ӵĲлҵ֮УΪ˸һΪȫıӻɣϾҲĵὫҵ֮УĻʱգȵϢ׳֮󣬺ܻܿΪڶѪҵֱ꣬ȡ֮飬Ȼֶΰ
ֶãȴȻ㷢ˣ
ָֻƽƺҶ꣬û˿ľȡ
ǰҷˣ飬Ϊ񣬸ȴԼĶӶ᲻ɱ˵ԾûдɣҶЦеĵΪСʦܣҾбҪ㣬Ҿɱ֮ǰȵ棬ɱĶӣ㿴أ
£ҶȻһָԼüģֱûУһָ֮ϲһ˿ͬ˿һĽ⣬ӲĴ˳
֮Уֳ˻ֵ̿һ۾ͿѾѪģ顣

һƲл귢һĽҪ嵽ߣҶָĲ֮£ֺܶ
Լһ˿л꣬ѾڵѪˡ
Ҷ˵ԼؼµΨһһ˿ѪԭҪַʽȻû뵽ȴҶ֡
ȻɣҶ˵Լ棬ɱԼĶӣ
ѪˣɱԼӣԼĸĸԼˣԼĺѣǴʱ˿̣Լ֮ʱԼӵĲл꼴ɢеʹȫ޷ݡ
ǣȴҪװµģº͵ЦݣƽĿҶԼӵĲлꡣ


2129 ܻ

ٴηһҽУ֮͸޾Ŀ־;
ϣԼܵĸܹԼǿ׵״ԼҶǿƣ֪ԼǸʵ֡
ڵѪȴҲֻװƽģҶһ΢ЦĹעš
飬ԶԶκ˵ĺޣΪһУȫǽƤ⣬޷˿еǹɺޣ
ЩӣڼбչصʱֻҪпվͻ˼ԼҪζԴ飬еĺй
ɱ߽Ѫ˵̫ĳͷﲻԼбĿġ
ֻ϶ĥȻû뵽ѪĹ̵УȴķĲлꡣ
ҶȻ֪齫ӲлԼеԭ򣬸֪֮Լһƽʱ䣬ȫΪ鵱棬ΪԼɱˣˣΪԼ
ˣĲл꣬Ҷ˵һѵ飬ĥйԼĺ޵;
Ȼʱ˿ֵļΪ򶨣ҶȴţҲˣľͲںԼΨһӵ
ҶȻסĲл꣬ȴûа˵ⲻϵ꣬ϵķһһĲҽУ̼顣
ÿһҽУҶ֮ͬʢ֮ʱͷһȪˬ
Ȼֲϵ̼֮£Ʋл꣬ȴǶȻԼ֮ʱΡ
֮ûн궼Ҷ֮У֪ȡһƲл꣬Ϊ˱֪֪࣬ʵȫΪ˰Ҷ˵Ҷһ
лܱ꣬ļ䲢࣬Ҳ龭˼ľ
ֻ鶼û뵽֮£徹ȻĹ̡
Լʱ򣬶Ҷǹʹ࣬ʱˣ˫ĿȻԲĵ飬֮󣬲ĵɱңΪľǡ
Լ˵ⷬļˣ
ö˵࣬ȻֻʱΣҶĴȻԽ˶Ʋࡣ
һԼ׼ʹ࣬ԼɱӣĸˣֵܣԼһУȫװ˷ѣΪӰ
ԲԼĶټ˵ȥ
ҶҵĶӣ
ͷֳ֮鶸Ȼһ˻ߵĿ֮
ǼѾ޷֮ϾȻٴðһɾ˵˶ӽ޵צ֮΢΢һͬʱһһ˫֮Ȼڿ۳һֵı
һɫȣȵмλãȴֺһɫ
ȼ֮ҫͬһС̫һɢɹâɫ֮ϣȻֳһֺɫĲ¡
Ҷ֪ݣĽȻͬΪͬʱʩչʱ򣬾ǿ֮ʱ
ֵͬʱʼڲӿĽƣǷһ㣬̼ƺ˲ˣűݺݵĻҶ
ܿǵʱҶһ˿ɻΪ֮УоһϤϢƺԼƵĹʽ
ǵǱףѾȫŤһʱӿǹʹ죬ȴǺܿĽɻ嵭˿
ϣľܻĶŭĶ֣Ϊֻ֤鱻Լ̼ˡ
ˣҶЦˣǼΪЦˣǴŰ֮ȫһûз
һ֣оͳһֻƣǱαץ˹ȥûз˿ͽץС
Ȼʱȴ΢΢һȼ̫ȻըɫŵֲȴȻһڹ⣬ֱҶ
ҶһֻеǸָ֮ƵĲл꣡
ۣ
׼ȷĻĲл֮꣬䣬ԭɫȫɫȡϵҲٴαĿɿڴ˫֮жһĨ죬ͬѪһ㣬ϡ
Ҫ֪״̬ȻھȻѪᣬ֪˿ľͷŭ
ΪȻٴαԼĸ׸ɱΣǳ׵Ļɱ


2130 ֮
ҶҲסˣ֮ҪĲлΪ˴̼飬ƶԲɱԼĶӡ
Ȼû뵽һΪ˶ԸԼΪɱĶӣ
⧲֮£Ѿ⣬ȫı˺ɫ޷ٳ˵ɢ
СʦܣлˣɱΨһѪҵӦôˣֻϧҵȲˣ
Ķӣ˵ƽĿƲл꣬Ŀʼ̣Ҷָ֮ϻ룬ȻһſƮɢԽԽߣԽԽԶ
ģ۹Ҳʼɢ鿪ʼ㱣ǰʼһһĿ֮еס
Բ𣬲Тˣ
溶ż˰ɣˣΣԶٷֿˣ
С𣚣֪ǹңǷǵģûỹˣǷģ±ӣǿ϶Ͷ˼ңǻֵܡ
޵ɣȫµû뵽ŪˣõòɱһΣҲã٣һܹһˣ
ʦͽˣֻҪͽһСʦܵıؿɴɣʱ϶Ϊһɵƽ⣬пܴɹ
һϤףﲻϵţ˵Ѿ̫̫õĻ
ȻʧǴʱ˿̵飬ȴǸеһǰδеĽѣʧĸһ㡣
Ϊʹߵ˾ͷԲĻһš

ȻʱһͬװȴͻȻ𣬽ǼѾҪɢ˼Ӳ˹
ǣСʦܵ
飬˵ҵģ¼䣬ֻɱ㣬κ˶޷ɱ㣬ԼҲУ
ҶʱڻعȻҲȻϣǾԲϣôɵķʽȥ޷йĵķŭͳޣȻ嵽ߣָһޱȵָӿڡ
ҪȻȻٺݺݵĥһ׵ȥ
ڵҶѾȫĴʢŭ״̬֮£˸ûע⵽˫ȱ۾һŵһ˿̡
Сʦܣ֪ɱңôˣôպ֪ʱԸԻʹģ
ѾûˣֻĬĬ߶仰ͬʱҲʲôķϽԼ
ԼɱĻܹպҶжԼΡ
𣡡
ͻȻһ춯ص޺ٴ
κ˶İڽޡ
ȻԭȽʧĵطһ޴ѷƾճ֣տǱһĲһڲм䣬ԼԼֳ˽Ӵ塣
޵񶼻еһͷۣ˵ڵˣȻȴһ⡣
Ȼ޵ȷǿ󣬵ٽʱ֣ܹɢҶעӶԼϽȥ
ҶȴǸûһ˫ĿѪĵ飬ԴԴϵӿڣֻһͷǾȻ飬ȻĥԼеķŭͳ޵õһ㷢й
𣡡
һŭ֮ϵѷԽԽ࣬޵屩¶ҲԽԽ࣬Ҷʱٳռ䣬޷סʱ䡣
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ڣĿռȫը˿³֮䣬ȻԴ֮ϲû٣ÿȴܸоȼյŭ
˿Ҷڽ֮ʲôǽȴ֪ӴڿһתŽƳ˹ȥ
֮ƬƬգ֮䣬ҶӰͬ¶˳
𣡡
޵Ŀвϵķ˻֮ʹκεƾԼӴ壬Ҷֱȥӣƺֱ彫Ҷײ
ҶȴûпһȻھ飬Ҳ¶һ˿ЦҲգɱңĿҲ޷ɣҾƴһ˿һΣ
Сʦܣʦһɣ
ͻȻĿзеһ˻Ȼ˫֣һץסҶ˫ۡ
ǲھȻ漣ٴӿֳһ˿ӲҶ壬Ž޳˹ȥ
ֻǣԼıŽޣ
ͻȻŷΪһγҶϣȻľͱų˽ޡ
ԽԽĽޣҶ֪Լ޷ȽȻͬʱܿ޵ĹΣͷɱ죬ͻȻֳһʹâݺݵİü֮ϡ
飬ɣ
ۣ
ԼԴѪģϣ¶һĨѵο
ǰԼĶӺӣԼĸĸǵվԼ˺ֵܣȫЦĶԼ֡
ңˣ


2131 ˫
飬ˣ
Ѫһŵ飬ڵ飬ڽʹһ
˿ΪԼϧɱӣĸˣֵܣԼΨһĶҲûзŹ֮һϲ¡
ǣʵ
ؼ侲һƬͣˣϨˣ鲼գӿĹƣһҲǾֹ
ƺǶΪλ֮ĬĬ°ĬĬϧĬĬҲֻǣ֪һĳء
٣
Դ꣬Ҷ̺ȫ޵һ֮£ƬƬƬ𽥵ɢ֮С
ۣ
һ촫һɿ񱩵ݺݵײǻûüûԴ֮ϣ׵ĽҲײƬǻޡ
ǽ޷ŭײǿֲԻأѾܿġ
ˣһ˱֮󣬽޵Ծͨ崫ݵҶϡ
䣡
УҶǱһɽһ㣬źֱӷ˳ȥ
Ϊ󲿷ֵܣײҶѾ̫ǿԶκε˺
ֻǣ˿̵ҶȴûκεĸоһڿУϵٷУ˫ȴǻϡ
չʮһ֮꣬󣬶̶̼µʱڣ˳ˣˣˣˣڣıҲˣԼĴڵñ
֪һ̵ĸܣֻ֪Լһֽѣһַ£ͬʱһĵмӿ֮Լصĵġ
ñͬ価ؼ䣬ĸˣֵܣѣӣѲ٣ֻʣԼһˡ
飬飬飬飬Ҷͬ飬ҵ
飡
Ҷļ仰һ֣ڳҶ֮ϡ
Σ۳ɵ֣Ϊκһ顯֣Ҷһ˿ɻ󣬲˿ɻȴǺܿͱѾɵȫɢ
ҶȻ˫ۣĿ⣬ͬǱ֮һĿ֮һоȻȫסˡ
󼲷ɵҲڴ˿ٿȻֹͣҶվ֮䣬׷裬ѪƮƮһɾµƴͷŷڴʱ˿̣ڵܸܵĪѹ
Ŀ⿴Զ֮ԳŭĽ֮ʱ޶̲ס΢΢һ
ĴɣҶȭ˫ַ֮ΪƸΪƿ֮УΪδ䣬ҵľȴ̫࣬Ըǵ
һֻ̣ҶԼ֪Ĵ֮ƺӵһܹƿֻ֮ҪԸ⣬Ĩɱһ֮飬֮

ҶĿԶ޵ջأת֮䣬ĵӽ֮Ҷ֮Ϊ֮飡
¡¡
仰£յȻһ춯صľ֮ͬʱ֮УһƬƬĴ·ｻ֯
٣
ǰΣҶİΪڶ֮ǰѾһΣǴ֮٣дרԴߵĵ٣ΪľҪ߸ĨɱžմɹĿܡ
ҶδɹֻСɣγԼصĵƣӶ˵٣ʱĵ٣ȴħԯ콾֮£δܻ⣬֮ŵҶһ
ҶĴɣĵ֮𵱳ȻҪǿ˲֪ٱ
ڽ޶ǻζԼ˶ͷ­ޱ߽֮УҲ֪ǲҺ͵࿹⣬Ǳͺ͵һˣ֮ڵٵǰѡá
ȻǵضЩƣҶȴɫƽͷ׷趯˫֮͸⣬Խﳹ׶ᣬĬĬעΧһС
ʱ˿̣̲ס˿Ҷδ꣬Ȼȴ˵٣˫ûκֿܹ
ˮ񣬱ȳһűħ̼ٴеԼǰ߸ȫǴ˷ѣ뵽˽֮ҶټѾԼûκξµĶ󣬵ҲԳһպеǻὫ˷ѵһж¶
ͻû˿ĸǸ֣ɵĵõ˲ٵĺôôǴ׬ˡ
֮УӦñҶûһ˿һȥĿܣ


2132 Ĩɱ
··һ©ĻֻգҶƽ
ٺٲͬٳ֮ʱн׵磬ȻȴϢǵ̺֮ȴǸӵĿֲ
Ŵƶ֮ѹؼһжܵѹƣʱ侲ֹһ㣬ȫһֻʣڻƶ
Ļ֮˿ɵ
ҶǱ˫ۣעžԼԽԽĴŻɫҽĸֳһĨ
ʱ˿̣ڱпֻһ·ɵҶǾֻ֮һ˫ע֮£ȴǷԵĲͬ
ƣˮ֮ƣǻ֮򣬻пռ䷨ʱ䷨ԭνдһֲͬķ۶ɣ֮ǰõԪͼȻҲܷе𡣡
˵Ԫͼеķ֮ȫͷŶôеĴԪͼƶɵҿӦñΪǵͼ֮ͼ
ԪͼоҶ͸ǰһ·ĵ󣬿˴ıʣȻҲ޾εĵ١
ҶӴͬʱУһڹۿҶɽٵĵȴǷ˴һ˿ɻղţɱʹâΪʲôҸоϤƺͺʹϢһӦòֻһһǷҲйأϧûļ䣬ȻĻһ֪УһҪõ
ƶٶȻȴΪȶؼûκ飬ûκǰԣƬ֮Ҷֻʣ²׵ľ룬ҶҲȻܹܵǿֲԻĴ֮
꣬ڴİΧ֮£һµûУǽ죬ȴǻľԼ˫֣ڣȻԽɱңôҾҵĵ⣬Ҷ֮Ĩɱ֮飬һĨɱϲ֮飡
Ҷ죬ϲ֮顱ֳڣ໹ޣǲľʯͷɽǻȻһ
飬飬һ̣ﶼĸоԼ֮УԼ֮Уһбһε˳ȥ
Ҷ֮Уɳһʵġ顱֣ڿըʵĵƣЩ۳ֻƣеĴɽеСҶֱ̽˾֮У֮ڣץסһУӲק˳
һ˷۶Щ֮зһϲ֮УһɻЦ֮⣬ڿۣճһģף֮ϣȴЦݡ
ϲ֮飡
Ӵ֮󣬾ڵǵϲ֮ʧˣҶֱǿг۳ΣԿ٣
ԽԽϲ֮ӿ룬Ǹģ׽Ȼ
ȻҶĺȴûȫ⣬Ĩɱ֮ʱ򣬾Ȼ۳òԴĥ
ʱ˿̣źһģһϣϲ֮ɫģϲã
Ц죬֮ԻȴƽٶȲҶĴȻһͣ·Ȼ޷Ц
ڶĨɱŭ֮飡
Ҷٴ쳹أ֣ʵ۳֣žڵץȥ
һڿи֣۳ףֻ֮ϲЦݣǳŭüԣ˫ĿԲɣ͸ŨŨɱ֮⡣
Ĩɱ֮飡
Ĩɱ˼֮飡
Ĩɱ֮飡
Ĩɱ֮飡
Ĩɱ֮飡
ҶʵһδεĴǿаһֵУֱ֮ϸֳž޴ޱȵףȻò
ףֳ飬Ц⣬ŭǳ˼ˣ־壬𾪣
׵ĳ֣ޣǲľɽȫʧȥԣݷľżʬһ㣬һƬ͡
죬Ϊһ磬飡
ȫʧȥӦеУҶĨɱ
ֽ˵Ҫʹ࣬ǴӴ֮󣬾ͽֻجج״̬ȥֱߵսһ죡
һУҶ⣬ΪѾɣĴڣȻȥͬ
ףֳ߸εֹס˴ļƶҶ׵İΧ֮Уٴξ˫֣


2133 
飬
䣡
ߵ춯صľŴףҶ֮£Ȼը˿
ľ޴죬֮伱ٵĻصţһƣҴ֮Ƭϵײڴ֮ϣ׵ıը֮˿ڴ֮ȻӲĽβɴݣԹܹĴը֧飡
ֱը൱ʱ䣬֮ѾȫָĴ·ҶƣԼһƬڱ
ʱ˿̾ﲢǻجج״̬Ļô̧ͷῴϤѾ٣ȡ֮˵Ƶա
շ˴ڷļһ㣡
Ȼȴǿһ̣ÿ˶ǲԾס˺ͬ͵ĿһУиȫհһƬʧȥ˼
Ȼˣ
ǱҶģ
ղŻһˮ񣬱ħˣ˿̵಻ٴᵽ˰УԭΪҶǵûһ֮٣ķ˴ƺɹĶɹ˵١
ٱǷͬѰ
ٶɹöɽߵʵ˵һеõǵٱǴľдʧᱻȫµĴȡ
ѵ˵ҶɣѾǳɹĴɹ
ģ
԰ʱ䵱УȻλϵڸÿһλУٵļߣ˵δ飡
ЩУҶԼĵﵽ˴ɵĵزӶ˵٣һ⣬еĴ߶ڵ֮лҷûһܹĴɹ
ΪֻԼĵɼɣȻ񲢷ǴߣҲ֪ɹƺҪʲôƽ⡣
ҶȻɣζѾɹ
ǴɹΪʲôܹ
еŨŨ󣬶ΪߣܹĸоеĴûбȡ
ֻеԼ֮У̾˿һСҶȻĵУȴ̲һҴδָоϤϢֻܹûʩչǼصӣұҪõλµ٣ܱóȫʵ⡣
𣡡
Ȼ޵ĺٶõ񲻽ͣԼĶͷˣδ꣬ҿܷɹپǷ֣
ǵٳ֣ʼմڵĽҲδɢ֮󣬽֮ٴδ˽޵ĺͬʱӴ壬Ҳӽ֮̽Ķס˺˵Ҷ
Ȼ˴Ҷɷƽ˾ϲޱеֻ֮ɫĿ˽ޡ
޳ֵѾжʱˣչֳֻǻ𹥣צԼӴֱײ
ҶţЩǽӵеȫϾܹжɽ߱ĴڣԽ޿϶иĹʽ¾ҪԼʩչˡ
ȻҶͷת֮󣬽Ǹû٣ȫ⻬һƬԴͻȻɫĹ⡣
ֵλã۾ڡ
ɫâֵͬʱҶǰȴûɵͻȻһڣʧȥеľ󣬾ͬ۾Ϲһ㣬ҲκεĶ
Ҷ֪ԼĿʶȫᣬӦòǽֻ֣ΣԼǵһкš
ͬʱҶĶߴһϤĺ֮


Ҷܣ
Сʦܣ
ЩҶˣֵܣʦ֣ӣȻȴҶһּΪʵĸоǾǾԼߣֻҪԼȥܴǡ
ȻҶȴɫƽΪԾվԭأһ
޵Դ֮ϣӵλãλã͵λãͷλ˹â
ÿһâͬʱҶӦĸйͻ֮ʧ
ģҶŲţ˵Ҳɢ˿
ǽȫҶȫй٣ݷһƬ֮УĶоԼĴڡ

ѾԼ˸йٵҶٴȶԼֻ
һȳ쫷磬һȳ棬һȳ׺һȳ޾ʯ
쫷Űϯ׺ʯĸλҶȥ
ֹÿһֶܹ׵ɱֹͬʱҶеĸй٣ƺӿˣ
ȻﬡһȻһҶڸ֣˲仯һʮ˲ߵıֱӽҶ
һ̣кü˫۾ȻԲĶסɽ


2134 
һһ
᰿вϵ߶ĸ֣ĿоȻͬҲ߶ĸ֡
ɽҶΣͷȻҶٻҶڷɳҶ
ʮ˲ıߴǧɣ֮䣡
䣡
쫷磬棬׺ʯͬʱϵһ⣬ȫݺݵײ˺ɽ֮ϡ
һԪӽֱ֮ĸ򣬾ܵ赲ȫͬĹʽ
֮ؼ䲻ϻ죬ϵĴڣһ̣չҵĽ棡
Ű쫷綸ȻһȻγһ˾޴ȫ쫷ɵӰһӣݺܵǺԪ
ͬʱ棬׺ʯȻҲ۳Σ֣ͺԪһ
ɽһģԪޱȫͷŶ֮ϵĸ·һҲͷų貹âһɹɲͬĹʽ뵽ⳡµս֮С
ԪصأˣĸӰٶܵѹƣüΪĻʱıסж
ҲǺɽĿģָԼܹĽֹʽȫ⣬ֻҪʱ䣬ȵҶѡ
ڽޣ˿ȴƺ׼ɽΪǾĵվԭأ֪Щʲôˣ巽뵽һֵֽ״̬֮С
ͬʱ޾֮УԼоҶȴֹˮΪȫԸ뵽ֻ֮£ΪľҪŪ޵
Ȼийȫʱᣬ˼ڣ˼
ްҵий٣Ҫ뵽һֲ״̬ôʱ˿Ȼڳô˻ҷֻǻȵȹôƾǿ̶ȣܼһʱ䣬¾ͬҵܿģұҪϽ״̬֮ȥ
ǸղţĿʶʱϤĺǽҪԻңǲұԻͽҲоôԻȫǶһ٣
УȻ˵ǲ٣˵ʶ֮ֻٵһıַʽʵȻԼ壬Ҳܱ˺˺֮󣬸ܹзŭ֮飬ڵٳֵʱ򣬻֪ܣȵʧ֮ٴγ֡
һж˵ʵڵĳ飬ԼǺУôʲôΪʲôֻ֮гִ֣һ㣬ܹʹ֮
ٲͬڵ٣ǴλĵҸֱΪɵҲǾ˵ĵ֮ʩչģô٣ȴֻʩչôޣǾ죿
죡
ͷҶԼеŹֺͱŤȴΪԼ뷨Ӧӽʵġ
죬͵֮䣬ʲôĹϵǵ죬Դڵǲģ
Ҷ˼ͲòֹͣˣȥΪǰȻһ⣬ͬʱһӵҲ˼
âȻԴԼ壡
Ҷ΢΢һԼ壬Ȼ֣ԼھȻһƬ޵Ŀռ䣬һ㣬֮УһɢŹâͬһĴڡ
⣬ⲻǷս𣿡
ǰľҶоΪϤΪ˷սеΡ
Ҷֹһεĳڷսǧ֮⣬ڵһݣÿһݾʹһ磬ÿһ統Уֻ
ǣγԼ֮еʱҶҲе޷ܣɢŹâһݣѵҲһ磿
ҶĿȥĿһ֮УһӰӰĳ࣬ȻǡԼүүҶԪ
ҶһæݣȻÿһ֮жһԼϤӰ
ĸӣ˳ǣһݵеӰȻ飡
ЩӰ֮⣬ҶĶӵҲ֮ǰһϤĺ֮
һ̣ҶȻ׹ްԼйٵΪڵʱԻԼҪѰԼļ䣬ȻԼļ֮ҵԼ˵ҪһѣȻڴ˿ȫֳӶԼ뵽Ի֮С
ֻķȽ⣬ȻǽԼ嵱һ磬ٽÿԼеˣֱһС統У統УԼȵĻͼԻԼ
ԼܵԻ󣬽Щݻ飬²ܹеӰȳԼɸ˺ھԼڹԼ
֮Ҷ¶һ˿ЦݣĵȻЧþȴǼΪ⣬޾죬Һе仰˼ˣôܽޣǲǾζš


2135 ·
ǰңЩĻģڣһΪ棬ҲԶҡķֺ÷ߵһ仰Ϊȫ𣡡
䣡
Ҷеĭ仰˵ͬʱȫը˿
̻ͬһ㣬ĭԼеÿһҶ˵ǼΪϤӰը
ҶޱעһУ
ͬʱʼվĵվһԵĽޣȴǶȻ˶⻬Դ֮ϣ͵λٿȻѿ¶һ͡
ʱһɿֲĴ֮д˲ƺܹȫɣ
ϷĽƣȻһƴ֮۳һɷ籩ٵӿ˽ſ֮С
ţһߴɽҲ׷Ʈ˿У˴֮䲻ϵײҲŽ޵ͳȥ
аɳľ޴ֱͣһ޵׵ĺڶԨһ㣬̰һУ
ɽӣ󣬾ʯҲ⣬ȫ޵Ĵ¡
ڽ״̬еĺɽĸ޴ΣҲ޷ֿ뿪ԭأ˽޵Ĵ졣
ˣ
ںɽ˲䣬ڲͻȻһ𣬽ţɽȻһɴֱķ˳ȥֻԭȱеҶʱȴǱ¶˳˽޵ĿС
𣡡
Ҷ޿еɲǣ͵ıͣѾԶԶɳȥĺɽ֮УͻȻһ˷ŭŭ֮
ĴԭȾĬĬעļ˫۾ˣȻ侫һһҲǱޱȵļ񶼲⣡
ɽԴӱҶ֮ʼոҶߣ٣һ·ߵڣҶĿⰲ֮£ӵԼԣֻʼû۳ʶΪ顣
Ȼ죬ҶȻУҸղŴĽԼɵĴҶʱ뵽һַľصУ
ںɽ˵Ҷĸĸһˣһû˿ʶĺԪһһεĻɳԲҶܵκε˺¶ԷǽҲУ
֪ڵԼǽ޵Ķ֣ôҪӽ޵ĿоȳҶͱҪԼʵİ취֮ǰʵѾʵˣʼղԸС
ָоĸĺһҪܵĴڸĸߣԸ
һ̣֪Լĳɳڲһַ츲ص仯
һ˸âĺԪںɽÿһ֮пʼϵķ˿ܹۿһĻĻԻܵһŭڷͬʱŭ֮УһԼ֧䡣
ͬʱڽڵҶȴȻ۾ийڻһ̣Ѿȫָ緢ȻҲ˽⡣
ܵͷųƺ뽫Լɵʱʹ⣬޵ڿ
ղҲԼ֣ɽɣΪǸԼһ·ԷһԼıڽ޷ʱٻкɽܹԼ
ʱ˿ģȻǰڻ֮пμһ޾ĺڰ֮УͬһĴڡ
ͬǣЩ֮УһҶ֮ϤӰȡ֮ģһ磡
Щ֮еأɽˮϢ
ͬһĻȴûҶ¶˿𾪣Ϊǰȫһ
Ȼ޾죬Ӧ˵ʵǧķ磬Լ죬ֻ޴ģ
ԭҶΪԼ磬ֻĳλʿξǿٳĶС磬ڣ֪ˣԴɽ
ȻͬǷ˼ǶҶ˵ȴȵǸе־ͷҪԸܡ
ҵֻޣʵҲȷõģ˵ֻ޵꣬Ľޣ磬Ǿ֮⣡ǣʼնĶ֮УҲΣҲڳ˯ֻ֮ҪĶӣӦþǰΪأɽɣ
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һССӰȻҶ֮гվҶǰ۾һϲĻУҶ磡


2136 Сݵʯͷ
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Щǳеľ޴ޱȣеȴСÿһšͷųһּΪǿͰϢڵϢ֮£ҪĤݵĳ嶯˵飬Ѿȫڵء
ڣѾҶĨɱҲһֱܵʹ֮£֮еľ޴ѷڵء
·
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һ˾ϲڸ磬ڸ֮ڴ
Ǽ·ģûмģһ̣ƺ֮жͻȻֵѷ죬塣
ʱ˿̧ͷһ漣һʢеļ޷κݣÿ˵жǧ޲̾ͳȥ̤Ǿ˵ܹͨѰ֮·
ᰣվǿ֮УĹ˽֮࣬һȫעǰڻ򿪵ľ޴ѷ죬ֻվŵλȴκ˶Ҫѷ죬ΪѷĽ¡
Сݣ
緢飬Ҷȫ֪飬ǿǰϲעԼСŮɫƽڵһʱͽ̽Сݵڡ
ϴμСݣҶɱ˳֮Сݵ걻˳һӡҪƿ󣬼Ϊѡ
ټҶѾ׵ķԼص飬СݣصСŮпǱԼߵһӣûȥҪƿ󣬶ǽСֱ׼ȵպһг䶨֮취份ѡ
ڣСݾȻԼ˹ҾȻԼе磬Լǰ
ѾɵҶȻٶСκεĸ飬СͬǰһϣҶܹʱԥƿˣרע̽Сݵڡ
ҶľٶСݸеɻʹ
ÿʧ䣬Դ֮ĸ棬ļѾܹôļУǵҲˣҶ
Ҷ磬Сݰ㲻ǵ𣿡СϵϲѾżͿֻ棬ֻ۾һٵĵҶ磬ǲҲʧȥˣС㣬ܰǰļ䣬С飬ȥҶ硣
˵䣬һССкСݵļ֮ϣ֮飬ֻǴ˿̵֮ȴԾĿҶûСݵĻȥ
ҶСݵķӦͻȫûпûһСݵ̽š
СȻҲе㲻֪룬ֻʵĿҶ֪ǰΪ۰ԼҶ磬Ϊʲôİ
ģҶüͷԣ󷨻ڣûн⿪СΪλڴ˿ѣѵ˳ƭң
˳֣СͻȻˣԼ˯֮ǰ˳ԼһѪɫʯͷԼȵҶɱһ֮󣬽
뵽Сݼæ۾СʵҶ磬ɱһ𣿡
仰ҶȻһ۾Ŀ֮͸һ˿עСݵô֪飿ǲ˳ôʵģ
˸˵ģ˵ɱ飬ôҾͿԽһ㡣
ҶһЦ˳ȻǽƻˣȻŪô飬£СʱѣҲѾƺõˣҵҪ㾿ʲô
ҶһѾˣҰɣ
𣿡СݶڵҶе㲻ţ˳ҲһٶһҪȵ֮ܽʯͷҶ̲סһ䡣
ߣҶһߣһεѹʱСݸСȴǺһĵһ顣
ģ
СݶҶ㶵Ŀ˰֮󣬲СĴԼĻͳһѪɫʯͷݵҶϵʯͷ
Ҷסʯͷе죬ϸһ䣬Լнʱħԯ콾һʯͷ˵һ
Ӧû˳һ
ҶСݣֱɨʯͷ֮С
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ʯͷ΢΢һһõӰȻ˳Ҷǰ
ӰЦ棬˫֮˸ǵĹâĿҶȻ˳


2137 
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СҲû뵽Сʯͷ֮оȻ˳ϲĽгֻ˳ȴǶûκηӦ
ҵҲϲɣ˳ӰƺܹҶһ˫ֱȭһҾףҶֻעţûκεķӦ
˳ֱӣ΢΢һЦҲǸ֪ʱˣ
ࣿҶһЦȻ֪ǰ˳شԼȻ̲סڵʲôࣿ
ǵҿһµĻ棬Ӷ˵ҰһϷңΪ˽գΪ⽫λңҾͽչָϸ
˳Ļ£徹Ȼı͸ܿͻһʵ֮УһɫӰ
飡
ӰҶв⣬Ǻס¶һ˿ɻ
Ϊʱ˿̣֮е鲢ҶϤǸһµĴ磬һɫʵϴĵºЦݣһ֮£ͬԡ֮У¸Ż涼ܸܵһŨŨů⡣
֪·ʲôƳɣȻɢŵͽ⣬һƬ
Ҷеɻľ㣬Ϊ֮ǰڵԳ֣һֱֻ۶ԸԼʱԼǵĶ֣ǾΣչͷͻȻһɫӰֵ˵ֱۣǾԼ
ʱԼ;ãɫӰƺԼһϤĸоûϸȥ롣
֮е飬ϵĽǿһ㣬òסĻֱͺճ־ԼӰһģһ
ţҶ뵽˸ղźĴս֮Уһһ۳һα
ǵ⣬ͬԼоϤ
ѵҵˣ飿Ҷüͷüͷ滺ɫ»ָ䣺ӦþˣߣңңҲûʲôֵģ
Ҷۿֻ֮УһƬڰУӦĳգƺڵȴʲô
Ƭ֮֮УȻһŸŨĽ⣬ɲǼգɢеĺڰ
Ž⣬֮е飬̷֮УҶȴٴȻɴ۾ĶŽ⡣
֮УȻһɫģݷûƽľ޴ķĹ
Ĺǰˣһߴ׵ľ޴ĹĹ֮һԲεľ޴ذ˵ǷذԿװһ
Ĺ֮ǵһЩ߲ĺɫѪĴĿиʮѪԼΪٶʣ
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ĹԼҲ˳˵֮ΪĹӦλպѪ۶ķĹ
Ҷû뵽˳Լλ֮УȻѪ۵ķĹңͬ˸һ飬֮еȴĹĳ֡
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Ҷͬİ𶯵ϴΪŪĹܣĹ֮ʱͱһͻȻֵӰˣӰʵǿֻ֮ǲ֪ʲôԭƺǱ˷Ĺ֮ԣͬػĹһ
ڣȻҶ֪һηڹȥ£֮ȴôʵһоķԼһ
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ͬʱԴѾ͵˼£һּΪ羴̬öӰȥҿڳ飬ݼʦ𣡡
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ҶĴɣҶѾ͸һУǵֵʱȴǱ׵һȻ޷Լ壬΢΢
ʦԼʦħ죿
Ѫ۶ĹԵˣȻħ죿
˵ʵҶţȻͻȻ֮Լ˵һԼһУʵĻʹ飬ʦħ죡
ʱǸߴӰܵѪɢ˿¶ӰʵĿ
ҶȴûȥעӰĳ࣬ĶסӰ˫Ѫ۾һξҵĲ
һɺĵӿ


2138 Ѫۣħۣ
˫۾ҶͬİȻֻһΣҼǴҴһƳ˫۾ȴѾĿⱲӶ޷ǡ
Ҳħ̼ĵϵ̺֮еһλ棬ǶλҶ֪ˣħ̼ȻѪ۶ĵӡ
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˫۾֮а˼Ҷ뵽ие˲ڣ̣޷
ڣҶģѪ۶Ĺ֮ԵӰ۾Ȼ˫еڵ۾϶Ϊһˣ
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Ҷ̲ס󺰳ֳ֮һУѾ׵ĵ߸е֪޷ܣҲ޷ͨеԭ
ʱѪ۵˫Ϊ֮۾ȴǽıȻѪѪ죬Ҷǵٸеη壬оУᵽһִ顣
ʦ
Ȼ˫Ѿ͵۾ĲԼҶȴȻĺƺ
ֻʦǰҶܵĿ⣬Ż鲻Խع˫۾ڿĲԼ顣
Ѫ۾ħۣΪʲôѪ۵ħ۵
ҶֻѾһŻ磬֪˳ڿλʱεķӦԼȫĻˣʲô룬ֻǼȥţһ⣬վд𰸵ġ
飡ӰڻĿˣȻҶѾĳ࣬Լʦ˫۾ҶȴžħҲ֪׸γƺӰˡ
Ӱĺɽڵµ壬̲סһٴοڵʦ𣡡
֮ԶһϣһίУҶͬϤһμʦ֮ʱҲˡ
ָоһС޿Ĺ¶ڼԼס
飬ԭ飬ʹȻӰһпɣ飬ӦҵӰɣ
ǵģʦڵ֮ϻдʦħԯ콾ͶʦֽڣֻǶ䲻ʼδҵ
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֮ĶԻҶˣ֮е飬Ҳǵһμħ죬ħ춼֪֡
ҶľԼӦò࣬ӽѪ𣬾޿ĶƴͬʱھܵѰʦֺʦ䡣
Ӱٴ̾˿콾Ͳӣ˵ǲ䵱ǵʦΪѪ֮صϢ֪²Ż֪û뵽Ȼô죬ͱ㷢ˣ
ͷʦ𣬵Ѫʮз˼Ϣ̸ϵ
Ѫأ
ѾӶȥ֪䣡
Ǿͺã飬Ϊʦ֮Ѫ֮ϢΪһҪɡ
ʦ¾ܷԸǣ
Ӱ¶һ˿Ц˿Цǿൽ˼£Ҷȥܸоĵ
Ȼ㲻ԸǾͰݰĹ˰ɣҵڣѪһҲǧ˿ƵϵҲӦ˵֣Ѫ۶棡
ȷ˵Ѫ۵ͷȴҶ𾪣ϾѪ֮û˿ѪУ˵ֻʦĻѣԹԹԵĳŷĹŰݵĴ
ҶٴκͿˣȻĹѪ֮أڷѵľħ죿ħ̼ʦѪۡ
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վԾɹֵͷվ
̧ͷ
̧ͷǵһĿǰӰĳࡣ
ȻӰİȥ
һͨһٴιڵأʦʲôɷˣ

ӰһֱۣڡУһ͵ʼ̧ͷԼš
飬վǰģҵѪ˼ҵһ߷ֻǽһڴ˷֮УԸղŵһҺѪ˼ҹͬʩһ񣡡
鷴ӦӰѾŵΪʦҪ˵Ҫ飬Ȼ֮ȫԾܾΪʦѪ˼ңҲԲ˿ĹԹ


2139 ʹȻ
Ѫ۵ķħ۵һ꣬Ϊ˱Ѫ۷Ĺ֮Ĺˣ
ҶڻȻ֮УһЩࡣ
ħ̼ʦѪۣѪ۵һ߷ֻ߷ƺѪ۱ǽȻͬˡ
йѪ۵Ĵ˵УѪ۾һһĴӢۣϵ²һȻҶδӴܹ̼ͽܣҹȥ¾Ҽɣѿͱ֮
ħһ꣬ΪʲôѪ۵ķУһѪ۷Ĺ֮⣬ĿģΪס
ҪָɵĻ̵ֲԸ񣬾Իչһɱƾʵûмֵܹʱ綼ӭһƽ٣
ҶеĻڱڣⶼ˺Ľֻͣʣûд𰸡
һ⣬ȻѪ۱Ϊʲôķţ
ңǰλҲǰģǸʱҲˣǼ֮ǰҶ֮ȴҲ߷һҲ˵ǸֱȻ
ΨһҶеҵģ߷ƺ޷뿪Ѫ֮Ĺ֪ħ̼ڲ֮ǰΪ˶Ըصؽһٻ
ڶ⣬ħ۵һѪ۷֮Уôı𾿾ںδҶţħµһӦѾɢˣȻϴѪ۷ʱħһ껹ڵĻԻԼ
⣬ħ۾Ҫʲô飬ȻѪ˵ݣһ
ѪۺħۣȻʱ䳬꣬ǿ¾Ǽ˵Ҳûд˴
һ̣ҶԼݷҪֹͣˣΪ֪飬ȻԼϢϢأң϶Ӧˣ
Ҳ¶һ˿֮̿ɫʱֻǺ͵ҶһһûʦűӻĿĵӣݶûлãͬ˶䣬ȴħ۽ȥҪ˵顣
һĬ֮ħڻڣպһʦܣѪһŵľǣأһһеľǣ
ϲѪѪҺһһΪѪҺѪҺں֮ĴУΪߣͬҲõѪΪѪһŵĴˡ
ҶֻԼѪҺѾˣħۿ˵ˣԼ
ֻ塭
֮ϣҶ硭
ϣѵҶҵڣүүǹ¶ҶңѵԹžУʷѪҪ̣
ҶٴαһƬհף˸ݷ˵վһ
ħ۵ڼ飬ڴߣҲ֪˽٣Ҳûʱϸֻܼͣ򵥵ĸ㣬Ϊѣûһ˳ɹλʦܣĴ֮·ͬˣ֮ʱʲôϣȫ෴һֵֻпܴɹ
ûоʲôѶȣ̹Ȼĵͷʦģұض߾ȫʦܵġ
ħһ̾ϢʵɣʵѪۻң˳ĽҪԸղһ˵ĳ֣ʹȻ飬飡
ȻԾһ֪ȻЦŵʦȻҸϣܹ飬ҵԸȴǡǡ෴Ӧúλδʦһ壬ʦģӿ϶ʦܸġ
ħ۵ȻҪԼȸңҪΪ񣬻õϿɣֻпܻżʦܣҰ
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Ҷǰ֮ϳѷ죬һľһеһжʼıģֱȫʧ١
ȻһУҶѾ»˳վǰֻ֪ͣĿãȻ֪ڿʲô
˳Ȼֻһȴ֪Ҷ˿̵ķӦһվͬһԲҶ㹻ʱȥ˼ȥһС
һԵСݣͬվղŵһĻĻΣҲĿȻ׾ľԼȴҲܲ³Щ飬Ҷ൱Ĵ


2140 һе
࣡
һ
˿ҶУȥֻһͷ
ȻѾʧȻʦĻû˵꣬ҶѾ֪Ժᷢ顣
飬ɱԼӣԼĸĸԼˣԼֵܣһԾ飬һ
ٵģǼٵģ϶ǼٵģҶȻһЪ˹Ŀ𣺡飬һģҲţҲţ
ͬʱʼձֳĬ˳Ҳ֮ڣǰ˵ȻΪ񣬵һ֮Уûɱһ޹
ôûУʢŭ֮µҶѾǰ˳һԼԻĴĻ˫ĿͨĳŭϹ飬ħӰأǣĿãеģѵǶ޹֮ǶˣˣƭӣƭӣǶƭӣƭң
˳֪϶һУʵϣǣԼˣǶţʧĲһǵȫúõĻţ
ܣҶһ֮ٴηĺţۿģ궼ʧˣңûڻȪ·ϣڸղţ齫ĻȪ·ֽϹ飬еɱһ飬Ѿ׵ˣԶҲḴˣ
㲻ŵĻСݣǲǶھʥ֮Уǲۼս죬Ϲǵ꣡
ҶȻתһԵСݣѪ۾Ķ֮
Сݵӹһ˿η壬Ƕڴ˿̵Ҷź£ͦССţĵҶ磬˸˵Ķģûˣ˾ʥ֮УҡССѰǺأС飡
СæµԼСԴ֤СݵĻġ
СѰҶоµһСҶҵʱ򣬺С顢СݳΪ˺ѡ
Сûµʱ򣬾ϲСѰĴҹ䣬ͬںһ
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˳ⷬٴιҶһλ䣬ڼС
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ƽ⣬ƽ⣬ܾˣ
Ĵǽ໥ìܵĵںΪһ
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ˣǰһ仰ת㣬֪ܻУԸģǺǰõ˽ѣ˵УУǧҪ˶𡣡
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ҵʱ䵽ˣϣлܹսأ


΢Цʧ˳ҶȻ죬ٴηһ˺ѷε˻


2141 

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飬ˣУֻһʮĻˡ
ѪһţͬҶڣеʮˣÿһ˶Ǻպÿһ˶һṦΰᱻٵĺ˳Ƶ
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ҶΪѾ˵ȫûǱɱİǣԭҲȱ˳ȡһ˿л꣬ôǸԵΪֻҪʱգиĿܡ
ǣ壬ȴǳ׵ˣһɱһֱɱ
Ҷܹǰ鿴Ʋл֮ʱ¶ķӦˣľ
ȴԼСʦ͵ǰұȥģ
һУϧǧԼȥ飬ΪҶѾ御
ȻһΪ΢СԸҶȴ޷ȥʵ֣Ҷܲ
һ̣Լʦħ죬Ѫ۶棬ΪʲôҪ飬ΪʲôҪԼʦ֣ȥһ˳е˴ʹص
Ҳ֪ûһ飬ԼԲܸ˵ףһлΪԼ
ԣԼ

Ҷ˻ѾһƬѪ죬һܻڷڣȼգ֮еǿŸոմɵģһɻں޵Ļסˡ
Ѫ۶棬ħ죬飬ټ˳Ѿܵ㵽һУܵΪ˰Ҷ׼˭Ҳû㵽Ҷֳɱ塭
ҶıģĵҲ֮Ȼı֮£һĸԼ֪ģȻĴڣ
ˣڵ֪֪࣬Լֻϣʱ飬޷ܣģҪƣ
Ҳ֪˵ĵһ£ʵԵģֻǻһֵ
;飬ͬԵĵ
飬ֻû飬鱾ȴҲһ֡
Ǿ飬ȴǳ飡
ħ쵱һٶ飬вҶĻͲǸǣǡǡ෴紴һµɱǡ
ڣѾˣΪѾԲʦҪοͽѣȥˣ
ҶޱߵĻں޺ھΣԼǿģžת
һ̣ƺûֹܹߣΨһ¶֪Сݡ
ǲһ죬ҶǸոմɵ֮ϣȻһѷ죡
Ȼʱ޾֮һͬһڵ磬ͻȻһ⡣
ͬʱҶҲһŹ⣬һʵ͹âҶȫ¸ͬǿѾѷġ


2142 ͬ
ʹâĳ֣֮еҶһŵɪɪСݣҲָƽ˫֮͸һãעʹâеãһ˿Ϥ
ǲ϶ʧļ֮УʹâƺһԴϤ
ģһͼҶͷϿգԪͼ
ң
ԪͼȻСݵĿбĳһ֣ʼϵС鲻΢΢һ
һ̣СѾ˫ţԪͼ˹ȥϵãѾ֮ʧȡ֮һ־Υ
Сˣ߽ʹâ߽Ԫͼ֮У
ҶΪ˽ԪͼѾƿһǵķӶһ룬ڣԪͼСݣȫһֲ״̬׵˽ȥСݵļһ
˻ȻҪˣ
ԪͼУؼСݽͬʱ֮ϾȻɢһ͵Ĺâɫǧ죬вǷ֮ڻӭСһ
СݴվԪͼģԴתΧһУĿĶֲͬĻӦ
ɽ𶯣ֲ΢΢ҡҷᷢݷǶСϤļˡ
ɽ䶦ػ
СݵĿУ³һһϤİĴЩͬĿһȻǰ𣬵ڣȴھܱ
ģСϸֳɫĵˣȫˣԭҵļңңǵͼ֮飡
䣡
Ԫͼдһ죬ͬһ㣬һĻͼ֮ѣ
ʱ˿̵СݣȻǸаСŮģ˵ȴǷ˷츲صı仯͸һɸ߲ʣȻɷ֮С
ҵǱߣôȻֻҶһ˵õ˵ͼҶ磬ģСݾƴȫҲҪ㴴ɹ
Сǰһռʱͱ˺һѷ죬ѷ֮УȻͬһҶ
Ҷ˫Ŀգü֮ȴСˣһӲӣһѪɣһƽ档
Ҷ꣬޳ػ޳ѪֻʣԾδɷ
һƽ꣬СݳŵҶļٴαôڣѾûκֹֹɹɾ
ֻǣָֻҶԼУ޷룬ҶѾа취ˣ
ججеҶȻһϤӿ֮дҶ磬Сݣҵ𣿡
Сݡ
Ҷʶ߶֡
ʵûûƭ㣬ǰɱʱǽԪͼϸ룬һʹâԪͼΪͼ̴ǧ֮Уǽ꣬
ʲô
ҶǻجʶⷬӰ֮£˹ҲˣԼɱʱ򣬵ȷǶԪͼңʱıܼ򵥣ǲϣô׵ȥҪܷԪͼ֮ͼУ÷Լպĥ
ֻԪͼԼٿأҲ֪׳ɹ񣬿СݵĻȴ֤ʵԼʱ뷨õʵ֡
ԪͼȻĲл꣡
һ̣Ҷģڻ˹ȴһҲ֮գڷ
ޱȵ侲ȴһ˿˿ķꡣ
Ҷ磬ļһͻΪ֮ˣѾ޷ֹԲһɾ
ⷬͬඥһ㣬ҶȻס
ǿķͱ𼸺޼Ҳʲô֮£ֻǿº뵽
ԣ
Ҷ۾ȻһѿڶѪ۷ˣѪ۵ǸаķӦѪҲ˺һΣѪҲǴߣΪ˱ⱾĳаֳԼһ꣬˷а
ˣˣ
Ҷæϥ£ֱ꣬ӳ׵֮С
Ҷ꣬ڣػѪ
飬飬飬ͬɣ


2143 ׼
磬еǵ޴ѷ죬Ѿʮ֮ңֹͣ˼ţѷ֮ѩ׵֮͸ϼ⣬ԶԶȥƮɣͬɾһ㡣
··
û뵽֮꾹Ȼܹȵ·Ŀ˵лΪˣ
лᣬ˶лɣ̫ˣ
飬˿̶ܿϿգǵبʵľ޴ѷ죬鼤е棬еĤݣˣ²Ĵۡ
ƺֻҪ·ôԼܳΪһȻ·еΣԹǿѪۣħۣ֮жûһȷʵ֤ɣ֪·ߣ
вʢıΪڸɵŮǣѾ಻סĵļͿҪ̳ѷ죬̤·չԼĵ֮á
ȴǱ峤ֹΪеǵѷ죬ֻ·ڣ·δ֣ٻҪȴյ²ȵʱ䡣
еԭǲֻ֪Ǹ·ǰġ
ֻһЩϼһԼ֪֮·Ҫū٣νū壬Ҳǻеţ
ʱ˿̣˿ѷˣ峤ᰵĴ£Թഫ֮ͨ·
ˣϥǿ֮УгһԲΣÿ˵֮һһɫ·Щ·ڿͬһԲΣžһǳȥ
·۳ɵԲΣͬһȦһǳΧȻÿ·֮ϵĽһƬͷųһɿֲȻӲĽǳקԭڵλãͣһȫµλ֮ϡ
ţ֮˻Ὣɫ·ջأٴȥһǳǿǳҲǿһµλá
⣬·࣡
ԾŰپʮſǳ̾ͳһ֮·
̳ʱ䣬ȫȡһ˵Ϊʵǿô̾ͣʵҪʱ䡣
ʱ䣬˵׼ģˣеľ޴ѷֹ֮ͣ鶼æµ
ս·ȻҪĶ࣬Ͼһǳ񣬶һǳɣųɣֺοˡ
ȻҲ⣬ǵ׼ʵѾʼˣֻȱһ׼ǰ˴죬ɴתΪӶΪԼĵ֮ӳɹĿԡ
һǰ˴죬ƾڸ飬ԭסǴӷ˽ʿÿ֮жŲ֪ǩµԼɣκ鶼ûзֻܹԹԵıɡ
ǰ·ȻҲɣǻи޶ȣβͬΪںܾǰʹϢε·ɵһλᣬһʧܣǽٲлȵһ·Ŀ
Ȼ֪ԭ򣬵ڵĻȴǲκεΥǽƸۣעһ
ҲΪʲôԸðžȫķգȶеİԴȫԭ
˵ʮ׼ȫΪε·
ֻҪ˴죬ڰ˴˵Ȼһĩպƽ٣пȫ䣬˴һ
Щʧ˵ȫϣǵ֮£ΪϣֻҪܹɣܹȥһжֻǸơ
£ҲѾ˳ԼԭҲ׼ˣⳡƽ֮УаҶԿҶһ̡
û뵽Ҷ֮ʱȻ˽ޣòԭȵļƻǰֱ֣ɡ
ȻҲкܶ˶·ĳ֣ȻȷǱϵĹĤݣȴ̤·Ͼ·ĺܴȥ޻ء
ΪһʵֵԸԼ̤̤ʵʵĹԼ
淢һУ·ڵĿǸ׼ҶȻ֪飬ڽ޵ĶУıչأԼɾ
Ȼ޶ͬŲٵΣգѾ˵СݣٿԪͼıҶõЩΣա
ʱڴæ֮йȥһ꣬·̾ҲӽβѾ˾Űپʮǳֻſţ·ͻȫٳ
׼ͬѾɣڵȴһ̵ĵȻҲ׷뿪ԿٳĶ磬ѵõľۼһ׼·ֵͬʱɱ˴졣
һ죬ڽޱ޼ʵĴ֮УҶԼ˫ۣ


2144 ʧĽ
Ҷ磬˰
ʼΪҶСݣҶۣʱ˾ϲĽҶӦȻִһЩģͬ˷ܵˣ
Ҷתͷȥϲ¶΢ЦɽƯڿУڽĶˣһƴССкüĿ㣬͸һ֮⡣
Ǻɽ飡
ҶƿɽıӲĽ˽޵֮⣬Ƶĺɽŭ죬ȻǸʱ۳ΣӵΣγ飬ҪԼҶӽ޿оȳ
Ḷ́ķµʱ䣬ѹͬʱ̾ͺԥĳʼնڽ֮еĽޡ
ԭΪޱȻҪԼһû뵽Լոٽޣ޾ſͣ˽ȥ˳ҵҶ
ʱҶѾСݺԪͼı֮£չؿʼԲ֪ɽĵ
Сϳ˺ɽҲ֪ǻУͽҲԪͼУСһʼغҶԡ
ƺŵ㺦֮飬ҶϵЦŨڶԷСԴģȻ󳤳³һ
Ҷ磬ɹ˰ɣ
Сݽŵʵ
ҶҲ˵üѿɳȻҶһһ⣬һһѪ⣬һһڹ⡣
ڹҶΪɵľ߾ѪҶΪػɵѪĽҶɵ
һֻǲ֪ܷɹĴµĵ
ҶԼ¶ο֮ɫͬʱҲŵɻ󣬱ϾУ˵ĺɹɶһһϵ
ҲֻҶһλͬʱֵܷɹԼ֪
ģΪѾ֪ԼµԪͼֱԼġԪ֮
οҶ֪Լ봴ɹΪԼϣ̫̫˵ϣԼľ޴
̫ˣС˷ܵŰƵҶ磬ɹˣһϲڵҶ磡
仰ҶҲԼʱı仯С¶Ǹ΢ЦСݣԲҶ绹ǰҶ磬ٱˣ
£üģüĺ£ҶȻվˣڣǸðˣ
ҶѾ֪࣬Ȼ飬ȻſԶҲ޷ΣǣС˵ԪͼЩл꣬лܹ¸
ֻ壬ѾˣҶֻܼϣɽ磬Ҳܹа취临
ֻ֮Ҫһ˿ܣҲҪȥŬȡΪǷʦģ
Ҷ磬ȥģ
뿪޵Ķӣڴ֮ǰҪȽշСݣң
СݻصԪͼУжʧļѾȫ˻ȻͬҶ˲²ɽ磬ǵͼ֮顣
ԪͼΪͼдˣҲλ˳֮ġ
ͼȿԿάȶҲ˵ĴУΪͼ֮СݣѰÿһλߣԼȥܵıǣһߴʧܣСݾͻ뿪
֪ʲôԭСںܾ֮ǰȻ˵ͼӶʼϵʧ䣬ĴƯôƯıܶҵߣΪṩֱյҶߡ
СݵݣĲ²죬ڣΪɽ磬ǵͼĴڣ֮Ż궼֪Ȼ޷²
ڣСػصͼҶϵܣ빫˽ȻȫҶɹ
Сݵ֮Ҷȴǲһ˿ɻǾλдµͼˣƺϣܹɹ贴߱ЩһھһпܵĶɱߣµĴ
ɻҶֻ֪λܹԼͣҲûж롣
ڽ޵ȴСݶ֪ΪҲδޡ
ԭҶΪշޱȻҪһȻû뵽ǣɵ˽͸ʱ򣬽޾Ȼֱſ죬˳ȥת׼Ը޵ʱȴֽѾޱߵĽ֮С
Լٶ˷ȥ˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿʧ٣ŽȻҲʧȥӰ
ͻȻı仯ʵǴĳҶϣȻĶأô֪Լʱ֮ҲҵֻܷշĴ㡣
̧ͷǺبʮ֮ľ޴ѷ죬ѷӿŰҶоһˬʹһȻ֪·ڣڻܽ롣
Ȼʱһɨ·ȴǶȻסĴ֮ϣ飬޾飬ͬһ߾ߵһ㣬Ѿһ꣡


2145 
ҶˣԼĴ֮Ϊ˶Կ٣ǿĨȥ˾֮飬ӶǱģ
ʧȥ飬ͬɥʧһ㣬ʬ⣬ǲŻ·ƾűܹڡ
ڷ˽Ļ˵ˣʿԲȲһʱҲȥ롣
Ǿ죬飬Զͷ˽ҪĶһʱ䣬Ǳ֮⣬Ȼš
ħ֮У׼֮ʱɱҶҶ֮󣬾Ѿع죬ͬΪ˽·׼
ˣڵľ죬綼
µȻҪ취ȥ
ҶԲܷôŲܡ
ȻĨȥǵ飬ھͻǣ֣
Ҷ£üѿǣ̼˴Сϥׯϣ֮Ͻߡ
ҶиĸˣΪ飡
ҶиֳүүԼ۰ĸΪԼɨķ䣬֮͸Ĵ飬кÿһλദĻ档
Щ۳һƣڲ˷ȥ
ҶӣҲаҵŮˣΪ飡
һϮµŮӸҶԺһĪ磬һģԽԽŮ˸֣ǧ˪й壬ĺѩ顭
ÿһŮӶ΢Цк
Ůͬ۳ɵƣƮ
ҶֵܣѣΪ飡
Ҷʦ֣ʦ㣬ʦΪʦ֮飡
飡죬Ҷе飬ǣ
¡¡
֮ϴ˹֮ΪҶĻȲһ㣬һ׵Ʋʳ˷һ֮꣬ʹ£
Ҷ˫𽥻ָǣ𵭵ɽεĽӣӭ翪ʼҡҷֲ¶΢Ц˷תһ뿪˾졣
սڣûг·ڣΪ񿪱ٳһռ䣬ǧеǣԾƽĹԼû˿ı仯
ҶǵĴս̫಻Ըļ䡣
ɨһǧ磬ææµµܿܿҶĵȻ˴鶼ŹȻҲŹﱾΪ˸Զ׼һݴͣȻһжģǱϾҲҪշޣԽ޵ҲԽȫɣٿס
Ƭ֮ҶкȻðһƽ⣺֪ҵ磬ܷǧ磡ȵջؾʥ֮󣬿һԣ
һ̣Ҷֱ˷սһ磬磬Сݵİ£ҵǿŲǧɳ֮еľʥء
Χ˳µķ󷨣Ҷ˵Ȼ˿谭վھʥڵʱ鲻ɵü
Ȼ֪Ȼûˣڵ鶼ĻţҪԵʱȴһֽӵĸо
磬ҵļңгһգұض뾡취¿ٳڣһˣ
Ҷ˾ʥأһɨ㽫ռڵһȫ۵ס
ڶʮЭĿ٣ʥ֮ѾεضһȫµĽ
ȻûˣΪľȴֳһκ綼йĺг
û鶼Ǻദ
ûз˺ʿĻ֣һ鶼ƽȵĴڣ
ûɺͼ壬˾һĴͥÿ˶Ǳ˴˵ˡ
һڣ
еñʧȻʧȥ˺ܶ࣬ȴҲõ˺ܶࡣ
һϤӰһϤףҶ¶ԵЦݣȻȥǼ棬ҳڻʱ
ûκ˷Լĳ֣ҶȻһڴ֮µһĿռȥ
ռ䲢󣬵ɽˮ㣬һССĶÿ֮УϥһõӰ
Ϲ飬ħս죬ۡ
Ҷģһ˵ЩӰ֣˫֮нĸһ֪ʦֵľӽ磬ʦֽҶɱ֮˵궼ҽ˳ܡ
ԾɲҶ˵Ŀģٴ˳չصĶ֮ǰǽյĴţƿ˽ȥ
֮пյģҶ˫֮УȴǿĿһӵ󷨣󷨵룬һˮʮɫĹ㡣
ˮҶϵ鸴ӣ֮󣬲Żָƽڣ֣ɣӣǿԸҶٴβս


2146 Իֻ
ˮڵʮɫ㣬Ҷ֮뱬һĿĽ⣬â֮УǣɣԼӵӰ𽥸ֶҲ
ֻǣÿ˵϶һƬãȻ֮ɫƺʧȥǡ
ΪֻһƲл꣬ǸķҶ֪˳Ȼǲˮڡ
Ҷһգˮ󷨣ɵС
ˮҶȥȻһλ棬֮ûˣֻ˳
Ȼ˳ˮС
е˳̬ӣϲƣͬĺߣ˫Ȼǵ˫ۣҶţҲиһʹΪµĵ˳֮Ի˲ϣȻΪסǵһ
ò˵˳ȷҶǰֵܣǳıߣűԶΪ˿ǣܵ
ڣһҪϷƭҶһȴҪڰвִʩСݵڲһ켫󣬴ӶҶֿĺƽ١
ڣе˶ǻĺúõģΨԼȴ˵У䲻
ҶŲϵ˳ģһὫȳģֵܣҪսҪ󣬻Ҫͬɣ
˳ǲϵ¶һ˿ЦݣΪҲ˺üΣһ֮⣬˶Ǳ֣֮ҲģҸ֮ףԭѪۣħۣǰʵΪǼҪľǽҳֻǲ֪ܷɹ
ҶţѾ֪˽֪˳ɹΪбԼɱˣһߵ
Ȼ˳˵ļΪɣеĹͶƸѪۣħۺУǿǲϵӣҶ֪Ϊ˵õȻðΣգԼΪۡ
Ҳ˵ںܾúܾǰѪۡħۺУڲýյ֣԰Ǻ˶չˣһ
Ҷɱİֻ˰ʧȴǰ֮꣡
ɱĺҲֻǺǵʧ̰֮꣡
ɱҲͬɵʧȴʥ֮꣡
ˣ̰ǺĻ꣬˰ǺɵĻ꣬ڣ
˳ڵ֪֮󣬾ͽԼ˳ʵϣˮڵĲԼ꣡
ڲӣֻһƲл꣬ƲлĳҲ˳Ϊںܶǰˣֻǽ˳ѡ
Ͼ˳ûȻԳлķ˵
ʵ˳ԲģǵǻܲסҶĥй¶ֻ࣬ǽǸ֮аǶΡϷļȡ˳
ֻ֮ҪҶаǵͬļǸԵ֮Уѡ
ÿڵΪƾȫ۳ȻǸںϵǿ궼ѾɢҲʹˣ̰Ǻ֮УѧеĴС
Ҳ˵ǣȻˣ̰Ǻʵ
Ҷ˳Ļֱ˳ȫʧ֮ˮ̧һֻ֣ʳָԼüģĵɣҵֵǣҽǵļ䣬ǣ
һʻĻ棬Ҷüʷ׳ʣͬѩһƮˮ֮С
𣡡
֮ȸգ췢һǺˮһԾ
֮𣬰ã˫֮͸֮ɫǸĻȱȴɱϵʥ¹
ʦ
ֱӶҶȥѾ۵ϣ˼֮ɫ
ǲӣͬҶȥ
ҶһӣӺȫȻ˺ǰľһޣһ񣺡лл
򵥵֣Ҷеĸм͸жδ·ܳǻҪȥ
Ϊֻǲл꣬޷ۣǺȴǺܿԻ۳
ʱ򣬰Ȼ˹üѿȻԼ֮ȡһˮ򣬵ݵҶС
ˮʮɫĹ㣬棬Ҷ˵꣡
˳֪Ҷ˵ҪԶǵ˫ر˰֮С
ҶˮСɨ˽ȥĸܵԼ˵ϢΪǵΪ̫ͣҲ޷۳ΣֻҪ󣬼ʱգȻܹٴθ


2147 Ҷҵĸ
Ҷˮ֮УȻʱȻھʥ֮УһԭôץʱָΪϾһսҪ򣬶һԭЩҪȥ졣
ţȥµľӽ磬Ϲ飬ħӰأս죬ѩ裬ǧ˪裬ɣºǬ
б鵱Ҷ棬ɱˣһٵȫ
Ϊ񣬳֮⣬֮Ҳǵ¯ĵزԺ׾ҶЩ˵꣬ļ
ңЩ˲Իֻ꣬ǸԱ֮꣬Ҳͬڡ
ˣʮʱ͸۳ҰĶȫȫڱչΪľǵȴټҶʱ򣬰ͬԿƽ١
Ҷ޲˷쳣ҶȻҲĸпԭΪѾû뵽Ȼپ֮ա
һ֮˵Ŀ⣬ͬʱһطһɽɽۣɽ֮ϣһɫӰ

ӰȻ
ȻͬҶʱӣ񾲵΢Ц˫֮бŰעҶ
ҲͬûֻΪͻƿڣҶĵġ
ҶۿԼǰԼԶֽɱٴοȻŵʱȴ쳣ƽ
˾˴ĬĬţ֮Ҷ¶һ˿΢Цĵ˵ͷԺٲ˵Բˣ
û֪Ҷ仰˼Լ֪򵥵һ仰Ķ֮ȴֱӳ꣬ࡰֱӿһϲúš
ɳӵľʥأԼ֮УҶ뿪˷磬ʱ˿̵쳣̤ʵ
Χǧ磬ҶʼԽǶ뵽Լ֮УӶ״սŬȴնʧܡ
˵ǧˣÿ֮еһɳһòݶ޷ߡ
ӣ˲ڷսĶܴ֮⣬սڵĵһж޷룬Ϊŷ񣬿ֻеõҲܲٿǧ磬»žͺˡ
Ҷ̾˿ȥŽ磬ǿʼѰԼ˵䣬࣬𣬷ϡ
Ҷͬɣ֮ǿ˲Ϣ֮ܽǧͬʱǣȻһ֮£ȷʵüͷ壬ΪȻһ˶ûˣ
ľʥҶԴһʱľˣ
񣬿϶ǵȫץˣ
Ҷȼɱ̧ͷϷĵ񣬵ңò˶Ҿͻ㣬ҵκ˺ǵ֮꣬Ҳ㸶ۣ

Ҷڵļ
Ҷ뿪˷սٴλصʮһĵطڣѾ֪ͬڵдߣѪۡħۣԼ֮϶ϵ˵ħۺѪ۹ͬµԼľ֣Ҳǲߡ
ȻĻԼôôɣĪľͻѡ
ҶվǸɱֵɽ֮⣬һҾףڣλǰҶˣ
ӿֱɢ¶ɽȵڣҶ΢΢һЦ˽ȥ
ȻϤľȻϤİ˸ˣǿҶһ϶ЦţϵϣϡжǺεĴȰο
ԴҶ֪ԼѪѪҺʱ򣬾Լµˣλ֮ͨϣӦþԼҶҵڡ
ҶҶڴ˽磡
ڣԼҲˣԼһҶʱ͸оһϤһԴѪഫϤΪҶĸ֮ڡ
ͨ
ҶֱӹϵǰҶҲТҶݼڣ
췢ЦֱȻѾܾúܾûôĹˡ
ϣϲ㰡ôһˣ
ǰҶСһﲻδȻҲɹ
˰ɣϣ̰ĵȴڼнˣ
ˣԼͬϷ֮һȻȷҶĲ룬Ϊ֮ͨϣȻԼҶҵڡ
ţߵҶǰ˫֣Ҷķӣ㶼֪ˡ
Ҷվͷҵȷ֪һЩ飬Щ²֪
ǷЦģ죬㲻֪£Ҷ֪


2148 С
ߣΧһʯʼǣҶ֣̬֮Ǵ飬ԼˣȻǼΪ⡣
ڣҶҵڣ
ҶȲʳԼĵһ⡣
ϹһЦ⻹мұҶһִҶңΪΪߣ֮ԱԴΪΪҶΪ壡
ȻҶµҶҵڣǴ˿ⷬȻеԾûϵϾȻҶҵĿߣͬѪ۶һѪ塣
һԵĵһЦˣˣϾͱˣСһƶȲˣ͸Ͻе鶼˵ɣ֪ϼ䲻ãǵĵطǻһġ
úúã˵˵
ߣʮһ֣ѾΪһ׼Ȼڰǰ׼ȴǳ⡣
ǰȻͬʱλߣһλ棬һλҶ
˶츳֮Ǳ˴˵ľȴǽȻͬྶͥ˵ȫ෴
棬Ϊʱ⣬ӵѪ֮壬ټԸңǸĻ֮£ʲõվ˳壬ʼͳΣǿʵҲŤת˵ʱľƣΪһһĴӢۡ
֮󶫷֮·Ҳһ˳Ϊڽڸ֪ԼߵݣɹѪ֮ΪѪֱۣλУңѾѵĵ
ȻѣҼάдҲȺɱ˼λߣǶڴ˻飬ȴҲһ֪⣬ȻʵҲûôǿ
ݣȻҲΪ˵Ŀ꣬Ȼʵȴǹھ£Ȼе񣬵ǵҪɱȴҲӶö˳
ʱҶ
𶫷߳µľҶľԵüΪƽȻʱʵͶѾ£Ϊĵ֮˵У˿ӡͼ䣬񣬶֪Ĵڣ
ΪΪĵ͵ɽ¶ˮûʲôҵĴ£˵Լˡ
ˣĳΪ˺ѣ֪˱˴˵ľ֮ʶԼ˵ݡ
ټһЩ֪˵ݺĿģǣʱʼΪ˱磬ǵĺˣǾ;ʼһܹľ֣֮
֣ᴩʱ便ж೤ǣ浽˾ж٣Լ֪
ʵó֮ˣǶ棬ҶѾˣһһڰ֣ͬԵ£˶֮⣬ûκ֪ҶĴڡ
еĹͣеļƲߣȫ˶ϡ
ǣھ±æҶҶУ֣֮˶磬Ĵڡ
ľ֣Ҷ֮ģǾҪȡдõİ취һߣͬʱӵߵѪ
ΪһֻܺҪǱ˴˵ĺ˽Ϊޣܵʵѡ
ֻǴʮһ֣Ҫ뽫ʱƾȷʵ̫ˡ
˷Ѿǧ࣬ڵһʮʱñ˴˵ĺ˽Ϊ˷ޣҵһӣȻû뵽ӸǴߣ
ʵǴ˵ϣʱ˲ʶǵǿΪɹĿʵ̫͡
֮£ֱֻܾӵĲԼ˵飬ֻʱʱİһѣȻ˳Ȼ
ʱһĹȥÿʮ꣬ͻһλµĴߣϧǶһҶҵĺˡ
ǣ˶Ѫ紩Խ飬ӶҶ
ȻƵ⣬ÿʮʱ䣬ڶһҶ֮зΡ
˵ͣؿ΢΢ĴȻѾ˵Ĺ򵥵ˣǱϾǺ˰ʷӡ
ʱһԵĵʱЦŵϣ˵ˣЩˣн˷ս֮⣬ʵѪۺҵΪ˱ǣսǴġ
ҶȴûʱĻ˳˼֮С
˵ֱ죬֪ԼԼҶҺҵʵ̫˼
ԼĳȻǰǰõĽ
˵ʵԼǱǿС족ģΪľȡдĻôҶܲ
ڣ˵ĺھ˵һεʧ֮󣬾ֻǻһЩ΢С⣬ԣҶĵȫ˳Ȼǿ⡰Ϊ
Ҷƽ֮һܹؼ⣺ˣ棬ѪǰأҿĹǸ


2149 Ѫ
Ҷ⣬ͬڰ˵ļĬÿ˵ɫʵҶѾ˴𰸡
ӣѪ۶ѾˣֻǶͬ࿹ģУǸΪʲôȴܻأ
Ĭ֮ϳ̾˿Ѿˣ˵֣֮
ԸңҶ෴Ҷƽľĵȴʱţȴźʵѡĳ֣ǶȴķңȲȥ
ټѪ֮ڹȥ˰ʮʱ򣬵иԤȻöڱչ֮У߻ħ˾ȻħԴ󷢣ħ
ʱҶ֪ȻҲ޷ȣڶԼļᶨͬҶӲһħҽһԼ˵ߣõΪԼ׹ħ
ǣһ̼Ϊͽ죬Ϊħ񣡶Ƕڰ
޷ģ˶׹ħȻû뵽һķںͱϵ֮ʱб̼֣Ҹ˵
һ£ŭͬʱҲо˶ԼвȻԼ¶ɱľġ
һսսĽǶսֵǣħȴǺˣ
Ҷ̲סˣҿѪ֮Ĺǡ
ҽģħҲץס˷Ĺ֮ԣ
ٴ̾˿ȻһһһΨһѣұҪʬΪ˵֡
ûн˵꣬ҶףΪõĴ֣Լ棬ԻԥȥѪ۱Ϊս
ԭѪѾˣ˵֣֮
ħΪλܻڣһ㣬϶֪ԭȻΪʵûֻǶۼǲȱʬ壬ֽʬĹУ
ͼˣǸʦħˣȻҪȵˣͶ棬ԸʶǼΪҺ͵ʼڰйעƳѪҽѪ͸Ḷ́Ҷ֪
쳤֮ҾͼһΣ࣬ҪȡѪܾˣΪԼԿѪ
Ըʮ־ǿǡöһ꣬Ҳ·ʼռŶδֻǽ·ְ֮󣬷ֳһ꣬붫ڣһѹҲǾТĹȻ·֮ʱȻ룬ҲûκϢ
ԭʦ죬ǽ·
ҶͷһΪѪҵϢǼٵģԭʦ·УôӦûš
죬ҪҶ֮ǰڣһͻȻĪɢ⼫пܴ䱾ҲѾ
գϻǱͣԸȥҶǵϣͬ꣬Ըȥеϣһ
棬˭
ЦЦҺͶ湲ͬдСˡддҶ˹ͬɣ
泣ټѪ֮˽ԶκˣҶΪ͵ʶ֮ǰķɽ֮ɽԼ⡣
˶˽֮ˣϣ¼ԽԽʶ֮ʿܹõԼĴУԱˡⲿϹŵһ澭
ֻϧҶ⣬ûܹõġҲֻΪ˶Ĵм䣬֪ˡѪսĹһǲȫġ
㻹ʲô𣿡
ϴĿҶ
Ҷûϻش𣬽֪ʵ̫ˣҪʱúһ¡
˸˭Ҳûд֮Ҷŵ˵ͷ棬·ô£Ŀʲô𣿡
ţҶҲԼ˵ľԪͼԼСݣͳͳչ˵ǰ
Сݵĳ֣֮⣬˵ɫǼΪŹ֣ΪСѾüЦκδἰԼҪ֡
磬ɴ㣬Ԭɸ硭
һٶǻ˶ʮϼһǣһֻĺӣһһ㡱ĺţָоʵеŹ֡
Сݣǵȴ¶˷ĵЦݣ˵СݹͬǶμ䡣
ֻδСݣֻԺĿ⣬Сݡ
СݵݣЩȻҲֹֻ̽ǵòҼϵʵҲ޷ҵСݵڡ
죬ҶСݵԪͼǶһû뵽Ȼһŵͼ


2150 
Ȼ֪˵ͼĴڣ֪ɽĴڣǶڵܹΪˣ˸˻ͬһ֪
·Ĺɣǵ֪
ܹԷΪֱ֣ʥ
ڳΨʥǴڴ˵֮Уߵȼ֮ʣΪǣɵ
سʼһźԪֻܹ֣ܹ֮ĻǾǼ޵еʥ
·Ψһ취ǰʥͬʱ
ʵʥ˵ǴģǾڵİ飡Цеĵ·ڲ֮ǰոտϲĻǸʱӦĺɽ
ǵģҶȻĵͷڴ֮ǰۼľľĳ֣оģ飬ϣˮ飬Ѿˣǻ˭
ʱ΢΢һЦ֮飬ĹϵǷͬѰֻϧ˵У飬ȴǱ˻ȥ
ⷬҶȻסŻȻվ¶֮ɫ飬Ȼº飿
һԵĵӹʵҲˣʼոڰߣԭǱƵĽ
飬ҲѾȻڻߣĺ֮·
ĵῪڵˣ֮ӣټʥޣЩԭֻڴ˵֮е࣬ȫˣӣ·Ŀпһλˣ
ѹľǶץˣԭ֮飡Ҷ
˴֮ʵ֮ǿҲӦüʶˣңഫܹǰ̤·ôɵĿԽüԱ˵ˣ֪ܵˣǶ飬ϵ飬߾Ҳֻ飬һҪ취ȡ
֪ˣĺͰأ
һָԭҶķǶķбչأ֪ĵȥɣ
Ҷ˵ͷ˹ȥʵʮֵķңҪһ˺úþһ˺γ֪룬Ȼ衣
߽Ϥķ䣬ҶͿڱչ֮еľ;ġ
ûȥҶԹԵһԣͬ۾нʱ֪飬ȫһһĹһ顣
ʵУѾûʲôɻ󣬼е⣬Ǹ֪ģǲ֪ģѾ֪˴𰸡
ôҪԵľǳĴս
һ֮սҲһ֮սȻսȻǲпģȻ˵ʵҶûбʤģȥμⳡս
ͬʼĵԸһ㣬ֻԼѣƽƽĹһ
ֻԸΥ֪ԼϣʵǱ̫˵ϣοлֵܣοҲԸ⿴޾飬Ʒҩɡ
ˣֻսңҪ߾ܵȥսʤ
еϸϸĹһ֮Ҷ̾˿ðɣʣһˣ֮ӦþͿԿսˣ
Ҷֱӽ뵽Լĵػ֮УһƬѪ
Ѫ
ҶѾкܾûнѪˣѪٴν룡
վѪϿգҶĿ޹˼ɵѪ͸ȥ
һ㣬ڶ㣬ʮ㣡
ÿһڣҶῴһϤףȫûᣬֱӿ˵ʮ㣡
һ㷢ϢڣϢȻͲˣǣȴˣ
˶ԸоҶߣ̧ͷһںݵӣȴǳҶһЦ
ȻҶҲûǣ֮ͣ󣬾ͼ£˵ʮ߲㣬ʮ˲㣡
ʮ˲Ѫ֮⣬һŨѪĺ󷽣һˡ
͸ѪܹĿһ쳣״󺺣ɷƣ˫۽ա
ʦ֣
ѪһŵĴӣħԯ콾
ҶĿȻֻɨһȦ֮󣬾ٴ뿪ͣǲ㷭Ѫ֮ϡ
ҶαػҪ̣
𣡡
Ѫ֮УȻһŭĺţӿ˲۳һΣȻǷҶ
ԭҶȻȫѪǷҶȴӵʮ˲㣬Լԯ콾һҶҪôҲҪԯ콾һɣ
Ҷһ£Ҫ׵ĽѪͷҶɣҾȳԼĴʦ֣


2151 
ҶԭкܶǿжȡҶ壬ΪһΪ˾ܵĵõҶһֱĵȴȻû뵽ǣȴĺȻҶɡ
ȻΪĲģԹעһӵ˵ʮ˲㣬Լԯ콾һ
ƾʲôҪɣҶŤɫ˫֮͸⣺궼ҵģ
ҶĿŷҶ¶һ˿ЦͲ̵ʵұһģ㣬ҲΪɱ㣬ϣܹұҪ飬гһգұ㹻ǿôҿ㱣֤Ǹʱһ취ٷΪһ
ʵҶڵʵҶԯ콾Ҳǿнǣʱ˿̵ҶǸҶǻָԭеԸ񡪡飡
ѪͷҶʼնûģǱϾӵеһУ˵󲿷ֶǰ͡
οҶеĵ·һֱǹµģ˵¶û˻ţʵȴǡʼģѪͷҶ
ңҶԼǲѪȹԼٴˣÿԼΣյʱ򣬲ΪʲôĿģǻվԼ
ҶǵģԼǿʱ֮еĴԽҶͷǸʱ򣬾ѪһֱڹοɹǶΣ
ˣҶУѪĸǼΪӵģĸݣǡ޽ӣ
ڣҶ˵ЩĵģȻҶš
ƨҶҧгݵĵû˭˵ȻôģΪʲôɴҽɣҲԸ㱣֤֮һеԸɱ񣬴ɹҶԶ٣
ԣҶԥĵֻҪ˵ģԸⱻɣ

ҶֱӵĴӦ÷ҶʱΪ֮Ÿͣһʱ֮䲻֪˵ʲôˡ
ǣ㣬
Ҷ𣺡Ҹղ˵ұһ壬֪ԸѶϣԸĺˣҺγ֪Ըթɱϲŭ޳ⲻ㣬Ϊ㱾ʮλԹѪ֮˵ŭΣԣҵĳŵ
ǣõҶҶ˵Ļᣬһŵ˽ңͬ˽һţҼȻѾǰҶôҶĳŵҾͿ϶
Ҷϵı飬ʼķŭ𾪣ٵڵã뵽˳˼֮С
Ҷ˵˽Լ˽ҶҶɣôԲȥҶʲôԸΪֻԼ
ҶͬҶ壬ֻҪǱѣֵܵˣôͻԹ޻ڵİԷϧһдۣΪ֮
ôҶȻԼŵôľͻ
ҶҲû˵ֻǾעŷҶȴĻش
Ѿ׼Ҷڤ粻ĻôֻǿнɣԼѪΪǣղгŵֻҪôһ죬ô϶
Ѫһ
ù󣬷Ҷ¶һԳЦݣڻڵӣ㣬ǽҵѣֵܣ
ҶҡҡͷȷҶϵıת䣬Ѿŵ㣬ʵҵļˣ
ˣˡ
Ҷ߶֣𽥵ӣ˰ɣˣ𰸣Һ⣬ɣҶҳȫ㣡
£Ҷ嶸Ȼը»һѪҶ˹ҶüѿѪУĵȴš
䣡
ѪڳҶüģʱ÷֮ϱһҫ۵Ѫ⣬˫ĿͫʻѪΡ
ͬʱҶҲ˷Ҷһ仰Ҷʵһϲڵ㣬飬վҪõĶ࣡
ģҴӦĿ϶ʱϣܳΪļˣ
Ҷٴθ˷Ҷһ϶ĳŵüĺ£ڣһվʮ˲Ѫ֮ǰѾѹͬעԼħԯ콾
ʦ֣ѪһŵʮˣҶգʦ뿪
Ҷԯ콾ȭ֣һҾס
Ҷãʦܣԯ콾¶ʹЦݣЦһ죬ҵ˺ܾˣ


2152 ʮʮ߲
ҶȻͼԼλʦ֣ǲһЩѣվԼǰģѪһŵĴʦ֣һˣԯ콾
ʦܣһǿǿʯͷɣ
ǵģ
ǿʯͷУԯ콾µһ˿õѪһľ򵥵չ˳
㿴ģ󲿷ֶģֻһС֣Ǽٵģ
ԯ콾Ų׵¶һ˿׷֮ɫ
ԭԯ콾ѪһУΨһһʦ죬Ҹʦһʱĵӡ
ȻѪʵĿģҲ˽⣬ʵͬԽѪǿбƳûô
̤·ǰȥѰѪ۵ʱܾԯ콾ͬУڷ磬ˣԯ콾ҲͬʦⱻѪץס˵ʮ˲Ѫ֮УȴŽĵ
ҶͬҲڻ䣬Ǹ֮Уԯ콾ԼѪĲ²⡣
һ²˵ѪʮΪʿ֮Ѫͻ볾ӵʮҲʮѪ
ڶ²⣬˵ѪֻһȴʦʮͳӶѪһŵʮˡ
ҶΪѪʵ²֮еһǺ϶ΪһȻ֪ⶼԯ콾ģĿģΪ˲Ѫġ
Ȼʱԯ콾ƺ֪ҶһЦŵʵڶ²ǰ١
ʲô˼
ͳѪĲʦң
ҶȻסԯ콾
ǾŸˣ֮ԻΪѪˣʵҰвѪŽ磬ȻڻԵɺ֮£ҵǾ˵ģ
ȻҵȷǱѪǲľͱסˣ֪ĳ̶ֳϣҿԲٿѪ
ǾŸѡɲѡģֻѪֱǰŽ磬ѡӦûѪԼѡġ
֮ǾŸͬԼڣܹΪͬţһԵ֣ҲӦڤڤ֮ע¡
Ҷѹ¶ЦݣʵЩѾҪˣܹΪѪһţܹڶʦʦʶһȥҪġ
ǵģʦ֣㻹ǵõҵǶλ𣿡
Ȼǵã
ԯ콾Цϣܳ׽ѪѪ֮еǧͽƷ죬ʱѪһżüһãһѾԻһЦ£
ʦ֣߰ɣ
ԯ콾ͷһʮ˲ѪԳһЦ̵ģס˰˾ʮ꣬סˣ᲻ˣˣˣ
˲ûֱ뿪Ѫ˵ʮ߲㡣
һ㣬ղҶʱ򣬾ͷǿһˣֻܸеɷأΪʱ䣬Ҳûϸڣԯ콾ȴָһʦܣȻûˣȴѪ֮ɷصĵطΪѪ֮鵮֮أ
ҶȻѹûйѺκεˣΪҶǽﵱġң
ʵ룬ҶĴڣǱģΪ˴·һ߶ѡ
ԣԣ֮ϣľܹΪһ
ĬĬעһ˵ĵʮ߲㣬ҶüĺȻѿѪŵѪֱ߳ӽ뵽˵ʮ߲㵱УϥĿ
ȻǷҶĵ֮أɷأôѪڴ˵мĺô
ţ˵ʮ㣬һѺˣȻҲѪ֮ʵǿģ˶
ΨһһλģǰҶҶһЦǸˣʵԯ콾Ļ˵Ȼ񣬵Ǿֻа벽֮ңֻҪԸ⣬ʱ벽
۾Ǹ֮⣬ˣһ꣬һ꣬òȻΪͨɢϢȴǿڡ
Ҷˣ˵Ҳ֣ȻҲоһϤƺԼΪ׽ʱԯ콾ѾЦŵսǰҹǰҴӦǵ£ˣҾ͸ɣ
սҹ
ԯ콾˵ĳƺҶȻ׹ȭͺڰ񣿡
ȭսڰҹ
ҶѾ֪飬Ҳ²λΪǲգпܺԼʦս죬ԼԼֵҹйϵ
ֻУҲȭͺڰĴڣ֪Լǰλȭͺڰ
ʱǸݵȴٴһЦҶӣ㲻ʶ˰
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2153 
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ؿ֮ͬˣͲסѪʮļįԸɴһڵһУֻҪѪ˴򿪵һҲԳȥתת͸͸
Ի棡
֮ԱΪۣΪʹߵʱһƿصʱ䷨öֻĵһ԰ˣȻ־磬½ĵĳԣο˽ʮ֮ãɹĸ˶
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ʵ֮ԱѪ֮УҲǵΪڰҹɱ˸Ӧö˵֮һܣǹλȡȡ˵ʧʵ϶ǱɻɱѪʮλȡʬƶɡ
ȭսĲŵǵҲҪƳѪģֻǵȽϺһ㣬ѪȻһƳɹǽҵĻֻǵʱҲùǣǹѪ֮Уֱ졣
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˵һ֮󣬷׷̧ͷգҶ磬⼯֮У֮϶ǵ޴ѷ죡
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ΣԲõ񽫰˻Ͱȫ룬Ļ¼κ˿ԶƵ飬Ψеһ;
ʱ򣬵ʱȻվڴս֮ǰǻһʱ䣬ҲʱˣλҪ˷ˣһٿʱ䷨򣬾ʱŵһ㣬λܹúһ
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2154 Ի
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ڣһȺֻлһؾʿǿеǼ֮еһȻû뵽Ȼһֻޡ

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2155 
֪Ư˶ɽڴʱ˿̣쳹ʵķ֮ǳֻͬɫһȼյĻ֮£ɽȻһ
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2156 
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2157 ֮
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ղŵһȻ˵һĴҪɱûƿԪ£Ǹǲܵ飬ڵȣȵʱήµĵڶι
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ղҶ͵սһĻÿ˼𾪣Ǽֱ޷ţҶ˵ġ
ȻҶĵλǵҲһ·θߣǻٵĶһ˿ɵ
ЩҶԾųԹδ񣬿ҶĿ֮жһݾ衣
ϵæµΪδȫΣҶ֮Զס񣬾Ϊ˸ʱ䣬󷨡
ֻҪȫΣôܹ赲һʱ䡣
ʱԺ֮кȻ˵һõūԱǾͳԱͬʱ忪󷨣
仰вΪ֮һݣ
ūǵµĵɽû֪ūԷ˻֪û뵽ھȻҪõūԱƿ󷨣

ͻȻ͸ǰѷ촫ţһ޴Ӱֱ£û˫۵廹Լٶš
ҶͫȻһ㿪
Ԫͼٴչǵ룬ͬһĻһȫͬʱ䡱һ촫
֮µľ޴壬Ȼը˿һɿֲϯľŲʹâʼ˾ҵ𵴡
ȴһ̣ȫһâ·ļ


2159 
ūܹ֮ɷʼձأ֪ʵ֮ǿ
ֻʧȥ˫۵ĵūڵ˵Ҳû̫壬õūԱٵ⼫Գ˴죬顣
ūԱ֮ǿֲľˣԱƺƵԶ˲佫˴һ̣һΪĩս٣ѹ֮£Ǹ޷ֺ
⻹δεļıūԱôԻ˲Ϣ֮仯ΪУȻҶӦʱԪͼ̼串󣬴Ӷ˴󲿷ֵֻСֵ˼֮ϣ
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ǱԱ֮ļ򣬴˿̶ǺȻһһѷ죬ڵū֮ǷɢɸЩѷȥǵĿģҪ뾰졣
ˣ
ҼΪ׵İߣ˿ѾΧһȦǵͷųָĵƣżѷȥ׼ƽЩѷϡ
ͬʱСݵѾıΪ˳ΪۣȻܵ͵ܵȻΪͼ֮飬ֹ֮£ԾԵвп֮󳹵ɢ
ҶĿһĻ˫֮мöҪû뵽Ȼ˵ķʽ
ǲںİ˴Ĵ񣬵Ҷȴܲܡ
üѿҶͬʱâͬķ
֮壬֮ǵѷ죬Լʱ赲ס
ѪϰߣУҲæʼ첹ѷ졣
ֻоһޱ飬˫֮һѷ֮ǰ
ѷ֮Уպһλд뵽˾ڡ
λ¶˷֮ɫһɱ֮ȴΪ֮סһ̣ҶѾԥİγɽЮ޾ĺԪһֱĴ
ۣ
Ѫ䣬ɽֱӹᴩλüģ
ҶٿԷһְۣγתһ뾰ȥ
ԶԶ뿪֮λʬ壬ĲʣȥȻУ˾Ĵء
û뵽ԼΪõ񣬾ȻҶһ
ҶȴǴԪͼ嵽СݵߣŵСݣͼ
ԪͼС˵൱ǼһֻҪصУôڵκ޷˺Сݡ
СؽҧҶ磬һܼ֣
Сݿ˳ȻԼڣôڼδȫεʱԼعԪͼͻôȻ˷
û£ԪͼһģУȻִܹ󣡡
ҶСǲ԰׵׺ͼ͸Ӱ¶֮ɫǴ˿Сͷ󷨣ҲóȻǰǿнͼֻԼǰ
ҶⷬСݲڵ˵ͷһâֱӳҶи߾ٵԪͼ
䣡
Сͼ֮Ԫͼϵʹâٴθǣգʼ⼫֮С
ҶûиСݵ飬˳ʱ򣬲֪ԪͼĴڣСΪۣ˿СݹȻܹԪͼΪһ壬ִͬ󣬵Ǵ۾ԪͼҲڼ֮С
һҶʧȥ̣
ЩҶںСݵİΣ
ԪͼȽȽ䵱۵ңĳٶȶȻӿ˲٣ȻūԱʵ̫̫󣬵¼֮ϵѷԽԽࡣ
Ҷ㹻ʱĻǿԽѷȫϣüɣڳĲٽǽڣ񶼽ǲڸԶе£ȫͷ˳
Щ£ƽźˣҲӸץĿвԼߣټǸԵһЩᣬʵͬС
ЩǶǾԵأ˿Ҫ֮£һǷܲҪĳżѧǵūһϧԱġ
һոȶһļٴαöǵʵ̫࣬ңʵǿƾҶʮˣ赲סǡ
ϵüͷ΢΢һ壬һţţϰɣ
棬ţ
ҶȻֹϣȻ̧ͷյᣬǻҪȵʲôʱٲĻɱһԼˣ


2160 
ᣡ
֣ڷ˵Ҳ൱İǶʹ˵ȴ׹
ϵзǧǹײ࣬ħ
ߵΪڶ࣬ҲǸֱڵӰĳЩ̶ϸǿ͵ߡ
ᣬ˼壬ɵһǷϵĴڣ൱һ
֮е򣬶ǱΪΪռݣȴûκҶҶΪ˾Ȱͻķйһν֮⣬ûκ˽
ƿߣᡣ
֪ʵ֮ǿ±Ҳֻ߲͡
Ϊֻռ򣬼뿪֮ķԳ֮ҲǺƽ
˭Ҳû뵽ҶʱȻһϵ˶еȡ
ȵˣȴǵ
ոµΣʱ̲סٴվһվΣѾʮʱûгֹˡ
ᣬҶʲôʱҲԼǲϱ任ò֮¶˳˼֮ɫƬ֮󣬳˼㱻ЦȡȻ߿ԳѴ֮⣬˵ĵ֮Уʲô
Ҷ£ؼɲǣţϺȻһ֮
֮УȻһŲ㱦ߴɣ֮ϣһλϺУһ׵ɮ£ԺһȦ֣ׯϡ
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֮⣬ռݰ˴Ļֱᣡ
ĴҶݺʱȻ룬ǲ£Ծɱչڷ֮УҶȴ׼ŹᣬͬҪҲǸʱȻһλԳΪ
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ҶһؿǣմӦϾʱĵ̫ܱ࣬ȶҪãοΪȴҪץҲйͬĵˡ
Ҷʼûеȵĳ֣Ҳˣû뵽Σų˳֡
ҶĻϺеĽⶸȻǣڱ֮ϵξȻ͵վֱֱĶҶҶʩǸ˵֮ˣȷķ𣿡
Ҷ΢΢һЦҲǲķ𣬼ȻԴֹңǾ͵ԼǲҵĻҿԿ϶ĸǣ֮֮Ҷضȥɵδ֮¡ݻٷ
һ˵Ŀ࣬Ҷ˼вᡣ
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ǸϺȴüƬ̺һͷã֣񣡡
ͣ
ҶҲϺп˫ֱȭŶԷ΢һ֣תʼɼƺϺֻ
ϺжҶıӰҡҡͷֶȻ̫ͬһ㣬ͷųҫ۹â
ʮ취أ
֮УȻʮСͬ磬ÿ֮϶ϹݣżϳֵѷƮɢȥ
λϺеİټϵ˵ȫ֣ūԱڼƻԼٶš
һṦ֮󣬼ۿѾ޲ϣֻʣһҶסǵѷ졣
ֻԾнһ񣬴ǵ£Ѿһͨķ϶뵽˾ڣȻȫˣ˭Ҳûа취ȥǡ
ЩȻ˼󣬵Ҷϵ˵ǿȴҲھھǷɢ硣
ʱϵ˵Ķ߶ȻҶ棬λǰʦ֣󼴽Σ˴İΣʱλˣ
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ҶĻȻһæҶȥʱҶѾջԼһ֮ԣת˱ȭһȻΪһ塣
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ڴ˿ȫΣѷȫ£Ųʹâǵأְ˴磬ס
Ȼʱ˿̵ҶȻҲվ˼֮⣡


2161 ǹƥ
ȫΣ֮ȫԽ죬ͬڣȫ赲סΪӭʱİȫ
ֻǣ˭Ҳû뵽ڼεһ̣ҶȻǹƥܵ˼֮⣬һ͵Լһ֮Կδ˵

ϵеһ¶˽֮ɫ֮꣬ʼĬĬţ͵µҶ棬һ̣µͷţȻʹܵ˼֮£Ҷֻв֮ң
ڲµʱҽһѷ죬ȻҾڴؼ󣡡
ΪҶȻ׼ȥʱ򴩼󣬺Ҷܹ»ع鼫֮УΪϧԼؼ
ȻҶȴ΢΢һЦϵ棬õģҲ£ЩұȥЩұȥȣңղΪٵ˼ڿѾڰ˴ɢԻ鷳˼Ҵˣȥҵǡ
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ϲ֪˵ȥʵҲ֪ԼˣȻԸ壬һ飬κҲ޷ٸı뷨
Ҿڴ˵ص㣬֮ʱ㻹δ֣Ҿȥ㣡㣬һСģ
֪ˣ
Ҷٴһ̧֮ͷƽĿ⣬ЩղδܳƼ󣬴˿ȴǽԼ
ҲȫעҶ˵ʵ֮д˺Ҷԭû˿ĳԹҶԼסǰ½֮ǽ˴
Ҫ֪ʱ䶼Ѿ൱Զ˴֮飬άĸοǻҪ̤·ҪԼ״̬ﵽ۷壬иĻΪˡ
ȻڣҶȴնǵĺ·ֻ״̬ȥ·ˣҶÿλлٵĶ˳ޡ
ղҶһ֮Ȼ˫ۻһĻȴĿÿλжһЩɵԼҶھǵǰһʱ֮䣬ȴûһλǰ鷳
ڱ˴˵Ķ֮УҶĿȻһϤӰħ̼
ħ̼ղҲڷ󣬿ϧȴδܳɹҶԼĿ⣬Ȼһӿһ˿⡣
˵ֱ̼תԼٶȳ죬ԼٵĶ磬֪ҶŹԼĶ֮УѾڶĲú׼ֻлص֮УкҶʱ
Ҷħ֮ĳԹѾ޿ɻ⣬ڵ֮⣬Ҷĵ˾̼
񣬿̼ߣҶȻܷŹһЦ
̼ߺҶ׷ϣ񶼿ȻҶҪ̼鷳Ҫֽµģڳ֮ȴˡ
Ҷʵÿλ˽Ĳ࣬ȻҪ̼鷳ôÿԽжǿ
̫ǿôڽ֮ȻֻգҶֻǸֽϻĻǵʱг𱨳ԹԹκεĹ˼ɡ
ȻеһĲȴ˵
Ҷ֮Իڼ֮аȫĴţգ죬ʵҪĿĻĲΪ̼Ϊ˵
Ҷ棬γֱ֣ץ˴ʥս죬ں˳ټϷսڵľϵ֮ҲУҶζһս
ҲǸղҶǾ仰壬ЩˣҪȣ
һҶ͵սôԻ´ɱҶԵʱڣûܹ񶼻ᱻǣⳡƱػᷢĴսС
£飬ȫעҶӰԽԽߣԽԽԶֱ׵ʧ졣
λǷͷȥѰɣ
ʱҲܵ˿ڡ
ղв뵽˼֮УҪȫɱȻĻǻ˴һ޿صĺƽ١
ǣͬڵİλߣټڼбչأѾɹɹٳΪԯ콾ԼڰҹȭսĲʮˣʼڰ˴֮ڣչһ֮ս
λϺҶʧ֮󣬳Ƭ̣Ҳ֮ʧûмҶ߰ϵˡ
Ȼ֮Ҳֻܺ޺޵һۣסǵȻŨŨĲʣ»ع졣
ؼֻͬһ㣬Ʈɢڰ˴طľŲ֮⡣
һлָƽȻ˵ж֪ĴսڲŸոĻ


2162 ǣΪ
죬֮ߵһ磬Ҳصһ磬һ𣬳ٻλ֮⣬ֻһǿйǴʥս졣
ֻսʵվ̫ͬһʯӶһ㣬ûм˿˻һ˿û𣬾ͱɱˡ
Ȼʱɱս죬һΪ˲õɣҲַʽΪһ
Ҷǵڶȥġˣ
Ȼӭ٣ڵٺͽ޵ĳ֣ټԪͼСݵıͬɣ֮󣬽ҲԶʧԼ֪Լûжɹ١
٣û֮н˿ϴӦñʾԾɲ
δ񣬵ӵеʵȴɱ죬ǵס
;Ľ֮ԾһƬգ֮дڵΣգȻҲǸ߳٣֮µһɢ
ҶɫƽĴһ֮УɢǹϢκΣո޷ʮ֮ڡ
εĽнԶҶеɱҲʼۡ
̼ҪɱκҲֹ
Ϊ̼ȻҶԼļˣҶ֣ⴥԼۣɣ
ң̼ȻѪаͽܣĿУܹõһЩѪ۵Ϣ
ȻѪҶʦħ죬ȴǱѪԾɻŵϣ̤·ҶԲѪۣǾԲܲԼʦ
ڣҶֱ˺ǰգֳһ޴ѷ죬룬죡
죬ޱߣͬɾһ㣬ƣϼεһɽһڵĺҶδޣɢظڡ
֮㣬½˴зһҲ֮ϣҪĻ˵ô޾
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ѹ˶ǻҲ̫ˣ
ҶеɱҲӵŨܹλ񣬾Ȼռ˵飬ȴڹ쳾֮пвԸ˳֮ˣͱѪ֮Уʹ࣬ԼٿأֻҪ񶯶ͷ׶ȡ֮
ǼǻҪ鵱ҩĹߣǣΪ񣡡
Ҷͬ¡¡ףںȻ𣬴ÿһλĶУǡΪĸ֣꣡
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ҶͬһŴһں˼ɵʩչһһĶ֮Уȴ޶һ㣬ֻһɨ
ΪһǼĶ⣬ÿһλϣеķŭԽԽǿ
ǣϾ񣬸߸ϣʮ꣬ǵϾԲ˷ơ
ǣʱԽǶڸԵҲ˭ҲԸһվȥҶһսٴѡĬš
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̼
ҶĮͬʱӰҲѾ֮⡣
ħ磬ÿһλԼе磬վԼ֮ͬʷһΡ
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ǣȫ̼ĺᣬʬ죬ŶԼڵĳ羴ϣ赲Ҷĵһϣ
̼ԼĺƳǽѵΪܵסɥԼҲµȥ֣죬ûκ˿Ծ㣬㣬
Ҷı䣬ĮĻǽĵɱ¶ɡ
Ҷ㣡
ʱ̼֮дǵʬǽҲ֮£Ȼ𶯣һһʶħ꣬ǸԵʬ֮˳


2163 ħ
ЩħᣬǴŨŨĲʶһԹ죬ڷԲ֮ȫźɫԹŨϵµɫճҺ塣
һԭӦõ꣬ҲΪԹ󣬶ͬʵһ㣬ɢһɿֲϢ
Ҿʱ̼ٴ𣺡ħ𣡡
䣡
ÿһ֮Թȫ̼仰Ȼȼ˺ɫĻ棬ȻԲ֮ھͱһƬȼħܻǽ
ħȻΪһ֣Ѿֻ֣һָΪ⣬ҲΪֲĻ棬켶Ҫߣ޷ΪּΪӦ֣֮
ħƵĻеԼ˵зյΪֲҵ
ħȼȻȼյҲ꣬ʬǽãħҶܹ꣬ȼ
ǧħİΧ֮£ټ޴ڵħȴԻ
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Ҷ죬һħȻٴμ֣ǧħҲٴ˳
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ɱ
Ȼ֪ĸħĿУһħ֮һ㣬ɲǼ佫ħеԹ޵ȼͬʱҲǸոӿԥη御Ϩ
һ̣ħǰ̵ĳҶ
ʱԹΣħܵأħǰУȫԼǣӴ֮󣬳׵Ϊ̼Ĺߡ
ͬɫһԼڶħ꣬ҶȻ۾üѿһѪ֮µѪ
ѪҶվҶ֮ǰѪ˫Ŀ֮û˿ĸɫʣһӣڣѪ֮ڣɱУ
䣡
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ħֻʮңѪ֮еķˣﵽ֮ѪҶٻ֮£֮ڣӭսʮ֮ڣ
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ȻԼ²֣ôɴ໽ԼѪģȥЩħȫѪ֮С
һڶʱڽǣҲԾһѪ֮Уͬʱǣڱ֮۶ɵѪ˵Ҳĺô
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ѪͽȻʵҲ󲿷ֶȲЩħ꣬ϵļƣټҶںأħ޷ֵǵĹɣˣ̶̼Ϣʱ֮󣬾ѾеħȫѪ
ǰֻʣһƬѪɫҲ˿ɫ
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أ
ѪͽѪҶ֮£ٴλһѪ⣬³֮С
ѪҶͬһ뵽Ҷü֮Уüϣʧ
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Ҷ˵˲̼ǰĮٴδ룺̼Ϊĵ֮⣬Ӧụ̂һʩչɣ
˿̼ɫѾһƬû뵽ԼĲµʬǽȻû赲ҶƬʱ䡣
񣬻񣬶Ȼõ黹ûаҰ꣬ڣǷԳˣ


2164 
̼꣬͵ҶɱԼһߵһɱﵣΪԼ˰˵ĺ·һͻλཻĪĺѳ֡
Ȼȷǰ˾죬׼Ҷɽ֮ʱɱǺ޳֣ټ·Ŀûл֡
̼ȴҲŵȻİ˵ԸԼӵе͸ǣƽ׵ļ˸ˡ
Ȼôռģ˭Ҳ뵽Ҷǵû֮У죬Ҫɱ̼ұɽ֮ʱҶڵҶƺӵǿ
ڳʱҲŬҪ˴磬ȴ˳ɹҲڡ
Ҷ֮Ҳʶһ̵ĵԵ̼ĻȻ¶ЦȴԸ塣
ģǿ϶֣ʱ
˴Ļش̼оܰ΢ģҲνʱڵȴԼǿĺ֡
ֻԼ֣ҶסǲŻûͬʱ֡
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㣬Χһ顭Ƥ˫֮ûֻ۾֮һ͡
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˵س֮ʱֵĵһͷħޣħ֮̼գ
ݣ
վͬʱȥȻץһɫľ޴ͷȻĽͷһң
顱һ죬̼ĴضʱȫѣĴض֮𶯣ϲ¶˺Ȼ˷֮ɫ֮ӣ̼Ҫսˣ
ҪǸƭңɱ㣡
ĿзģȻͽǱɫ޸ԼûԴļ֮ϣλƵ˳ȥ
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ͬģ֣ոմҶеʱѾԼǰһɺɫ쫷磬ߴɣ絶Լ
𣡡
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䣡
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2165 ֲ
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2166 ɫĵ
Ҷǹһģ֮Уžʥأʥ֮ڣȫѡ
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ꡱһ̼ü֮ͻȻһѷ죬ţ޳ָ˳һ

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̼ܹͨķҵҲʦ𣬵ҶţѪ۷Ѫ֮ĹڣԼٵ֮С
ϾѪ۷ץסģҪ˵ܹ㣬пԭ̼ʵԲģ
ˣ̼üֻ֮̽ƣԲѪ۷ģ֮ȻҲЩ
ЩͷҶԺ֮˲ӹֻѪɫƣȴѾƮƮҶ˹Ϊᣬƺһ˿һҶͫȴȻһһѪˣȻƻӶӿ˳
ѪֻǺɫӿɫ֮оȻֳһɺɫ˺ӿˡ
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2168 ȴ
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ͬĸ֣ӲͬĿнڴ͵˵
ǶϵóҶ˫۾ѾϵĴۣ֮
Ѫ۵ķǵķӦȻҪ٣ͬĿɿڴͬĿ࣬ͬĲ֪롣
Ѫ۷ȻתǱĿֱӿ˵˫ۣƬ֮󣬺Ȼ챬һЦһûע⣬㾹ȻҲ˴ֻۣ֮˫۾ƺ㲢䣬Ǵ˭ֱİɣ
ϧĴֻۣ֮еĴҶĴۣ֮ȫµĵۣĵԪ֮
Ѫ۷ûټЦ񣬶߶֣뵽˳˼֮С
ûѪ۷ĳŪĶҶһ̣Լη嵮ԭ
ΪҶߣȻĴһȫµĵԪ֮
ܣܣܴȫµĵŶõʱ䣬ܴȫµĵʲôԪ֮ûаĹϵôģ
˷֮УԵЪ˹ȫ޷ڷ顣
ʵ˵ǶԵģҶԲڶԿѪˣô̵ʱھʹɹ
ʵϣҶ͸Ԫ֮ڼʱ͸Ԫֻ֮ʱУҪȫµԪ֮ȻҪɱгˣӲĽոոԪ֮ǿϨ
죬Ϊ˶ԿѪ̺ȫµĵûԪͼİ֮£Ҷ֪Ψһȫµĵܿ⣬ԣƵԼڶ̶̵ʱڣٴθԪ֮ˣ
Ȼʱ˿̣Ԫ֮δɣԶԿͬδɵѪ۷ʡ֮Ԫ֮ҪǿĶࡣ
ҶſǵξѪ֮УƲϵ˸ͬһһѪơ
ģѪ֮УҶһĻ档
ȫһӣӵѱһɺ֮һ۾һȴ۾
ȻѪ۶ıͷ
۵Ǳ𣬱ŷˣΪħƽȣ档
Լд˵ڵ޵ĵħǺ͵޵ĵΪƽȵһִڣΪߣҪд֮дһȫµĵʵ̫ѣȥħͷеĳֵ
˵̫ңԶҷΪͷʼڸѪ֮ôβԴ˵Ϊȥħ
ֻħΪаԱħһɹôҴӴ֮ҲͳΪħ飬ɣ֮ħܷɹٻұأɴ
ۣ
Ѫ۱һȣķ۾ʱ۾ǺͱͬһƬ
ţ濪ʼϱ仯ÿζѪۣһһڰѪ۴ɱ¾а֮ˣֱɣΪľǸħѪǱʼοԼķк޹
ֻ֮ʣһѪۣ˫۾ȴҶӶжϳѪǸħķ
лȫɢ֮ǵѪҲޣҶĿȴǶȻԶ㣡


2171 ж
㣡
仰ͬһ㣬ڵըʱ򣬵Ҳ޷ڸ˿ڲ͵η壬ʼձֱõ¶˾ŵɫ
Ϊд֮꣬ڵ֮УηΨηµ
Ҫ֪Ѫ۷ħȻд֮⣬ôд֮ǧ˿Ƶϵмѭõ⣬ȻҶȻĴһȫµĵȫ˽⣬˵ĵܲš

һԵѪ۷ŵϵĻң̲סЦѵðѵãû뵽гһϿң֣ӣò˶ãдͻᱻµȡ㣬ҲԶʧ
ܣȻһҰް˻˫ժ˵Ĵ֮УͨѪɫͬҪ˶һ㣬׺ݵĵѪ۷¾ԲܷҶµµδɣѾ˰ǧ֮ãܹȡң
˵ѵΪӵõ𣿡
ڵı粵Ѫ۷һЦ˵ʲô˫а۾У¶һ˿٩֮ɫɨ˵һۺ½Ŀ⿴˹Ҷǰϳ鴤ħ̼
ҵıͽܣ̫ʧˣôʱ䣬治֪ʲôȻֻôĻǣʤްɣ
Ѫ۷£ҶȻоһǿƾճ֣Լǰ̼ϯȥ
ס֣
Ҷнٴαǣ׼סҪ̼ˣȻһȴǴ֮ɢ󵨣ҶҶҳ֣
Ѫ۵ûޱĵҶҶеĽڶԷĵ֮£Ȼ΢΢һ͡
̼ѾϯֱӴߡ
Ѫ۵ӰҲ֮ɢȴ¶һָĪЦݣҶüͷ΢վԭأûмҲûҪ׷Ĵ㡣
кִ̼ģֻѪ۵ǸħķηԷΪԷΪѪ۷ԼȴѪ֮ѪԼһãԼĳ֡
Ҷе
⣬һΪҪ£ҶͬѣǾӸղֻ֮һл档
豹棬ԪԪܹ֮󿴵һеıԴܴһѪУƳѪһС
ǵѪȻѪ۷͸̼ġ
һζŶĻ֮УȻķӦѪ۷ĵ̣м䣬ȴǶһ㣡
Ҳ˵һιȥûڻ֮չֳ˵ǶιȥѪ۷Ѫ۸ǿзˡ
ҶеģȱʧһΣǿҵĸоȱʧһΣԼżΪҪĹϵȴ޷ָоʵ̫ܡ
Ҳûа취ȵԪ֮֮ղȫ͸һеıʡ
Ƭ֮Ҷعˣ˿ѾΧһԲΣħΧ
ȻȴȻ壬Ǳɫ޸ĿƽĴˣֱӴҶĿ⡣
Դۣ֮׳˶΢΢һ𣬺Ȼ˫ոҶȭһɺ첻ĵֻҪܽ⿪ڷӡԸΪʹɱ񣡡
ҶУܹĿһӡѪ֮ΪȴкɫħƲƣȻѪ۷µġ
ΪѪ۷ͽܣԭ̼⿪һӡŻԸȴҶ
Ҷüͷ΢΢һô֪ܽ⿪ӡ
Ϣ͵·ӡ֮˵ϢƣǸʲô̼Ҫǿܽ⣬ȻҲܽ⣡
Ҷ˵ͷԼѪ۷֮䣬ŻѪ֮Ȼܹ⿪ӡ
Ҷͽ⿪ķӡҺʹսһһԵ뿴ҶΪԸ⣬Ȼ顣
ҶݸһЦǻˣղѪ˳֮ʱңҶжҾͽ⿪ķӡʹ֮£ҲҪȻҲɱ
£ҶֱһָһۻڣɲǼ⿪ڵǵӡ
䣡
Ϸ죬һɹǿϢҲͬըһ㣬ϺȻըͬҲ֮ͣȻﵽߡ
𣡡
˷ܵķֱۣ֮ûԼ֮ϣ֮أ뺷֮
һĻ˶Ŀɿڴ̲סĵ˿ĭΪ֣ȫӡ죬Լ򲻹ˡ


2172 
Ҷȥģ
˫Ѫ죬ɺͷԼ촽Ϊ˰ҶòϷ쿪ʼһֱһŻֱ죬лԷйˡ
̼δȻ˾ߣǾٶһᣬղŻҪ裬ڣǾȥ
ҶȻղڴǶ緢鶼ָƣҪ˻ѩ裬Ȼܲܡ
һȻԵ磬Ҷߣ

һԻ統Уһòޱȳªӣ¾񶼲֪ǻ
Ϊòĳªһõﶼǳ񣬿ƫƫϲ׷ãì̬֮ܵ£Ȼո˻֮Ӷӵǧޱȵķϲ£Ҳǲϴݻõʳ
ԭעѩ裬ֻΪޣǵѩǽò֮ȻӿһɷߺޣǿҵҪѩɣݻ١
Դ쿪ʼֱ죬ıʹû뿪磬ǽ죬ȴҪ׼ˣ
ѩʧܣʶĲȻѪ֮бըȴһֱιעҶ̼֮սֱҶɹ֪ҶȻܷŹԼ
׼ǰЩ뿪һԼһУ뿪죬̤·ȥ׷Ѱǳɵϣ
ȻƴȫҪ߶Լʱȴķ֣˿
÷ˣѾÿռ䷨סˣɱңȻ뿪
Ҷ֮ûųª¶˾֮ɫȻվǰԶֵӰ
Ҷѩ裬ǣ룬ҶѾɵħ죬Ȼ
һ̣֪Լĩˣ̼Ѫ۷İ£δʤҶǣԼƾһ֮սʤҶ
Ҳľʹ־ܣζҪһƴ
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ŻЦؼãǧ֮УȻӰŮ٣ÿһˣĿªŤϳĺ⡣
ǵĳ󣬲ˣǻΪΪĳªҪԼеĺˣȫԻգеҿߣɱ⡣
ڻ֮£ЩȻҲһٵԼգԼúͻһĳª
ǵжһĺ⣬ѹѾãҶԻйǽҶǵĳ֣ȴ˷йĶ
ûκӰѾҶ˳ɱ˹
ʱҶܵĿռȫʼŤټһжԵò
ȻΪˣôȻŸߵͲȵĻʩչҲǲС
Ҷɫƽѩ裬Զ֣ɱˣ
Լ
ѩȻһЦΧŤĿռͻȻ±ʵǱסһ㣬ҲǻŻȥ
ǳĻˣȻ˵ãҶĴ֮ۺͰķ֮£Ʋκεķˡ
ߵľǺˣȻʵǿᣬǶڻȴһϲͨûܿ͸˫ۣ֮£ֻ۰Ͱ͵ĴԭأҶɱʵ̲סˣһˣҶȥҪ
ã
Ҷܲ˽ǵƢҲԣһָһռ֮Ŵ򿪣ֱͨ񶴸
ȻǵһԾ룬ħ죬ȴǳϵĽ󣬸˹ȥ
ʧıӰҶ΢΢һȻһЦ
Ǻ죬ʵҲй֮ͨϾǵĸĸ֮Уħ޴ڣԼܹħǣټ̰֮Դӱ˵ʵħ޵ڣ
ȻںǵҲܵħ޵ϢԲŻߣİΣ
ղڷӡ⿪չֳʵҶţ֮Ժһϸߵͣһ˶ԶԸˡ
Ϊ˱Ҷʾ֮£ʥҲ˿ռ֮š
ûԣҶͰʵԸЩˣʵ̫ˣѩȴǼʱǶ𣺡Ҷ磬磬Ҫɱǡ
ף
ѩΪβѩĵҶй֮Ȼϣɱ䣬¾޹֮ˡ
ǣƬ֮л˱ȫжΧҲԼٶɢ
ȵȫʧ֮ѩѾЦĳҶͰǰӰȴʧ١
ѩǰѾʧıѩˣѩĲһǰУһ߲ϵĵЩͳͳץԼڡ
𣿡
ҶҪʻЦʵ
ѩͷˣѾٳˣ


2173 
Ҷ뿪񶴸һ·ǰ񶴸ʱڣȴȻ˾֮䣡
һƬȫˮ統Уӵ毺յˮڳԼǸüڴ˵صȴƣǷȴ·
ȻʱһͻȻˮ統Уȫͬʱһɾ޴ѹӽ֮дˮ޷ֺֻ¶֮ɫſǵ⡣
һ֮󣬺Ȼһɫ޽£ɢһϵĵ֮ϣͬʱһĮӽд
ˮͣȫɱô֮ˣڴ֮ǰ·ͨʱرգ
ˮΪ֮һȻżȵĲԸж׼ԼֻҪ£ͱȻܹԼĽɫ޽òˮ
ͬʱڣδü뿪ȫһɫ޽ӵ˽дĸݲа㿹ܵĵ֮
ͣȫɱô֮ˣ
ͣȫɱô֮ˣ
ͣȫɱô֮ˣ
ȫӵ֮Įٴ𣺡ᣬ񣬷ͳִս
һɫۣͷڵӰϿճ֣òãͬǷϣŨŨɱ֮⣡
ǵµһ󽫣
Ҷ֮棬նɱӣҶǺ֮ǡ
ͬһԾɱΪ˷Ϊռݣʱ˿̣ڵֵ֮ʱͬһѪɫâ
ᣬ֮ѯλҶһսλսǽ
֮УһӰڿи֣ȻһŮӡ
ȻŮӣѪɫսףͷѪɫڵòɢһӢ֮ݡ
Ƭ֮󣬴֮дһϵսΣΣ
ŮһЦսȫɱô֮ˣӴ֮ϵ£޷ޣ
ôĿ񣬴սᱣҶҷôԵҲж
ŮһЦλһѪ⣬ʧʵС
Ůʧ֮ڷϿҲӰһھŲ㱦֮ϣһľ֮ϣһˣǶһȦ֮С
ᣬԹ𣬷ֱΪ̰𣬳շɷ
ֻôΪ׷֮ɷѡҼϣת
ڷ֮ץ߰ץÿһλӷ˽ʥӣϣܹҵꡣ
Ȼֱ죬ȴҲδ֣ᣬֻʣ̰
ڱ֮Ͼǳշ𣬵ҲҶٻ֮³֣֮Ҷ˼ĳΣ֮ԴӦȻҲΪҶ˵һλԳķ𣬴˿ͷϵЭ顣
º֮ΪҶΪ棬ʧһ𣬱Ȼɷ֮еһλ
ֻڣȻѾ׼ҶԿףƵǲòѡ񣬾ǺҶսǰɱҶ
շ̾һ񣬵ʼǱ£ͷֻ֣δ֣Ȼ׼עһˣǵ̬ȣӲ˶á
֮е̰¶ݵǰҲ֪ɷ𾿾ںδǶĻƾ֮ǿԺ͵һս
һҡҡͷ˺ԾɲĶ֣ǣ֣ܳ
Ȼû˭Ȼָ֪ˣ˳ĬС
Ƭ֮󣬳շ𿪿ڵӦúѪһ뿪˽磬̤·Ѿ˷ָˣ
̰һЦˣȻҵѾôͲҪǣڣǰɣҾãӦҳҶˣɷһ壬Բᱳǣ
ҲգҲǺһԵȥշվ˫ֺʲֱʧ
֮⣬Ķͬ˳ȻסĲȫ񣬵ȴʵܹ࿹ġ壡
ʱ˿̣λΪŮӣ뿪֮󣬽ͬžۼ֮ѯʡ


2174 ӻս
沢ʱ򣬵ʱֻʣֱ
壬γΪǿ壬壬ֱ𱻹֮С
壬ֱǹ壨ع壩壬壬а壡
˹峤ѾΪ֮⣬峤ȻΪ񣬵ʵȴǺ£ʼվסڡ
ĴĴ𰸣ԱҪ˵Ķֻ࣬һ֡ս
Ҷ֮ĳޣѾԽԽ࣬ൽ˸޷ĳ̶ȣǶһҶ֮󣬽ͻԼ˵鷳ȵҶԼں͵Ϊǿ
ο᲻ͬǿ֮;ϣҲ֮Уǲٴһֳд֮ĵȻҲע޷ǿԱӵ֮
ȻҶΪУڵ֮£ټͨ·ĵ·Ǹû·ֻ¶ģҶˮһս
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ڣͬʱҶ׷ɱȥ
ɵľӣϢӿ죬˲Ϣ֮䣬Ѿϯ죡
ȻҶδ䲼ǶսϢȴʱ
ӣסˣȻչɱҶɫƽһͿǵˣȻţֻɱΪ֮ڣڼȻҪսҶ㵽ף
Ҷͬһɷ籩˷ϯȥÿһλÿһλĶС
̫ˣĵԼ޵˲ɣΪֹҲûɱһλ񣬻ţߣԸȥȻ
ԭҺҶһսʱȴһ̬׷սʹѹı仯
ڵͷ޿ɿѹ֮£ڵ˳ŵ֮£Ըһս
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Ҷ֮Լȫǵʱ޷Լ˵ڡ
ҶȻǿǲûɵΪƾԼһ֮񿹺⣬ĴɣԪ֮ȡд
ԣҪغ
Ȼںɱĺ޵Ϣȴδܱ֣֮Ҷͬʱ񶴸ȥ
ҶȻһϵ
һƬ嫵Ĵ֣Ȼ˵ϰߵģʱ˿̣֮УѾ޺죬Բɵ֮Уľᣬ˵Եڵء
ǣϰī°ѪŲʮѪܵ˿ڣͷ֮ԭӦŵ߿źɫǳֻʣĿš
棬ԴѾһӲҧ˿ѪģʣµԴвϷŭ֮
죬ǺϾվһԣǵߣǧֻʽʬ塣
ԶȻǧֵֻ࣬̿ĽްΧȴûиġ
ѿǺƾУǻҪѷһԺǵĸ߰սҲȻҪκ˵İڶս
ֻվһΪ˳ЩСආ
ͷ֣㲻ҪԴζ滹һֻ۾ѪֱȻЦ񷢳֮Ϳ֮䣬ܹĿδµѪĭ
һĻѩ̲סüͷȻδϵǾȻĽǸԴȥ
ҶǷüͷͬΪѾܹ˷Ϲ
ϣûȫƿ֮Ȼһ綼֣֮ε˵
ˣڴźǵ뿪֮ڱ˵ϢȻĻԼ˾Բӵùһսңת۾ͽ
ӣս
Ҷ˵Ǹѵľ


2175 ɷ
𣡡
һҧһֻԴ췢ǴѪ˷ܵ˻֮ʱҶҲȻ˾
ҶǾҶȻԥѡսҶȴѡʱá
ʱòųη塣
ȻҲһսڻδսʱ
Ϊڣʥս죬˳ǶڵУΪҶӦԼʦ֣Ӧ˳ҪٴβսȻܿܽһսôսôԼͬţôԼֵܣ
ֻнƽľȳҶܺ޹˼ɵķһս
ǣɱȥҵ񣡡
ԽԽҶ鷴ָƽҲǿٵתš
Ȼ֪ıȻŵĴƶôѵ֪ɳôԸԼԼ򲻹ѵԼ
ԼֻҪӣƾ֮ϵ£¸ûҵԼ
֮Ե˲ʣ˲һеɳֻ˵һ㡪ˣ
˵ҪɳסԼΪǸԼȡʱ䡣
ԽôԼԽǲõԸڣһսʱ
ҶĻȻһŨҵѪ⣬ٴſѪڣֱ׷һҧһԴ
ۡһѪͬȪһ
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ɱҶŴһӣ֮˲Լ˶ͬʱֱ뿪񿪱ٵ硣
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ȻԵȫ壬ڵں壬Ϲ壬ֱ֮࣬ʤˣռһ룡
֧ӣ֮УΪǿһ֧ǵԼǣҲ൱ͷۡ
Ծ磬ȻһȦתȴûҵҶ˵䡣
˵Ŀⶼ˵ϣޱ飬˫֮͸Ĺâĵɢǧһ飬ѣѱ죬ҲҪҳ
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Ϊ˱ⱻ֣ҶûпԽռ䣬ż٣۵糸һĴϷǰС
ͻȻһϵڼ֮еҶĶ䣺Ҷʩɷͣ£ƶɮ̣
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Ȼǳշƽվԭأ˫ֺʲƺڴ˵ȴҶһ㡣
ôҵҵģ
Ҷûгȥ֮ԶԶվţѯʡ
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仰ҶȻһһ뵽ǰ
ҵͬţǵҶʩЭ֮ˡ
Ҷٴһϴη֮УǸԳķֵǼΪͻȻԼȻҹǸ޷жϳľλá
ϺȴǣԼϡ
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷһ֣һԼԴȻ֡
ϺУԭ㣡
ҶڣţһϺеξϻ֣ǵ֮Уųƿ˷ϺУ
ʱ˿̣ϺЦеĶҶʮһҶʩȻң
ʵҶһֱϺйŹ֣ΪԷڣҲûȥᣬֱ˳շ𣬲ŻȻ
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Ҷٵ󣬴˿Ҳһ亹˫Ŀ֮âҪʩչۣ֮Ϻеʱ
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㵽˭
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շϺеͬʱ
ɷ𣬵Ϊ׷Ѱ֮ңȻû뵽··ڻԵɺ֮£һδѣ֮·ɷ¶֮ɫҶʩ뽫ҷųӣҪ棡
ʲô£ҶԾɱһ˿裬ˣʼûйκκøС
ڵ飡


2176 ͽ
ڵ飡
ɷĻɹҶĺġ
ȻΪߣȻѾԪ֮ܵѪ۷ӵеħ֮ȴɻ
Ԫ֮Ѫ۷ǵѪйԪʱҶѪ۱˵ħƽȣ棬Ѫ۾Ϊ˸ħƳ˷Сɡ
᲻Ѫ۱ǷȴȻܹԭأ
ЩʣҲѪ۷Ҷ𣬵ҶţΪ͵ħƽȴڵķҲӦܸͬԼһ͡
ҿԷڵҲԳĻǱ޶ķΧ֮ڣһ뿪ΧǾͱҲˣ
ȫҶʩԸ
ӣΪǿĻһ룬û˵ɣǲ뿪ģԾɷᱻʧǣȴҲ޷ɽ
ҶһԼ֮ȫֵķΧóշ룬Ȼ߶ӣɷͷ˳ɷģǸѾ䡰ɻư
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ɷվ⣬¶һ˿п֮ɫǳҶ˵ͷȻųշʩһʦ֣
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ҶվһԣһĻȴҲͷȻԼûʲôӡ󣬵֮֮ͬ飬ǳģޱֿ
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Ҳ֪ڵûмɣɷҶҶʩ֪дʲô
˵ǧʵӦ޾κ鶼ĵҲǸͬдضһĵеĵġ
еĴʲô⣬ҶȻһΪʹϵߣǣ˭Ҳ޷һĴ𰸡
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ҶĻش¶һ˿ʧ֮ɫǵ鿴Ҷ΢΢üȻҲ֪дʲô
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Ҷʩ԰꣬˵˵ģҲֻҵĲ롣
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ǧ;ͬ飬ʵϣֻ֣֮֮ħ֮
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ͬҶҲţɷ֮⣬֮УԲֻɷԼ뷨϶Ҳ뵽ֻնδ뷨ʵ˵Ҳ˳ɹĿٳµĵ磬ǲڴ˵֮УȻҲ֪


2177 
Ҷָڵϻ˸ŵԲȦֱд˵ħ֣ڵ磬зħĻֵʲôط
ţҶԲȦмǲ˵磬ʵͬһһмһĴڽ룬ôֻҪܹƬڣܴﵽ磿
ʱȻɷҲָǸдСֵԲȦԵֱߣһǳϣһԱߵġԲȦ
Ҷʩ·Ҳͨɽ磬ҲԽΪһ·
ҶȻ̧ͷɷΪ·ͨɽ磬ֻͨ·
Ҷʩ˵ˣⶼҵĲ롣
Ҷٴεͷ֮󣬺ȻҲڷħԲȦ֮ϣԻһϵбߡ
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ҶĲ룬ͬʱڣ˴˼ҲƽȣôȻڻ·ܷܿħͬҲӦ··յ㣬ȴǹͬģǾǡɽ磡
Ҫ֪ĸȷģֻҪǰ·֪ˣҶ̧ͷ֮ǵ޴ѷ죬Լѷ֮ǿǳ¶˼֮ɫҲ·ϣǻһЩµġѡ
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ҶʩȻǱʦҲȷʵߵ֮񣬵ǲûɱǣ෴ΪǴļļĳ̶ֳϣзһοǵ֮ģһޣ
Ȼһ֪ǵĿģΪ˺ҶǺǶԸ񣬻̤·
һ㣬ҶͰ֪ʵҶ֮Ҳûʲôޣйڣֻǵץ˰ˣҶ˰
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ĿǰҶͰȴǽĺҶʳһ⣺ɷȻѾڷѰұӻĻҲȫԺʦǻͣΪʲôҪƭңӶڣ
ҵǲʵϣһжΪԼǣֻ뿴Ƿ׷ת֮ǷĿһ֪··Ǳ˵ˣᣬҲᱻ𣬱Ͼ޾ǿвĴڣ
ˣҲҵʦ֪ûֻѰıӻӣ
ҶĿ⣬ͣƬ֮󣬵ͷڼ֮ǰǺǺͬԿҪȥȱץߵˣǲǸñһ⣿


2178 һģһ
ʵҶĻǹɷӣֻΪѰԼӻɣûȫš
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ҶӦǺĳŵ԰˿շ̿ڵȻҶʩͬ⣬ȻҪʾ⣬֪ҶʩѰҵֻΪ˾ȳѣǴ˿̲ڵ֣֮һط
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֮Ի̼ΪͽΪľԼȥ꣬ȥܻħӶΪԼա
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ȻǶμѾ൱ңԶһ㣬ҶǰţȴԿ϶ź͵λһջ֮µͨȪ·ţȫһģһ
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2179 ʧٵع
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ܣȻȪԲԼʲôǳ˵֮⣬ֻʣѪۣħۺУ
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2180 
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2181 ֱӵ
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κҹεĸۡҪ룬ͱҪ
ۺǵƿ£ʵȴҲźİţǾǸݵȼĲͬøۡ
ǰģȻʮ˧Ѿˣ˻Ʒ֮⣬ֻʣκҹΡ
ղһ·ƷҶǾͬԼڵİ˧ĸۡҪǰͱ뾭κҹεĸۡ
κҹ֮󣬻ܣĴй٣ǹ룬޵Ҳڡ
Ȼ˳˱ѺĵطҲ޵С
Ҷͣ˽ŲûκصĸۡȻֿ˺ǣ΢΢һЦȪΪ֣Ҳûһֵ֮ͬˣһۡĴȥֱӵ㣬Σ
Ʒ¶ãȻ֮ɫҶ˼ǺǺҶཻô꣬ܲף
ͷԼ촽˫֮ѾֳһŨŨѪϲ£
ȻˣҾͽ˽гɱʹ죡
ֱʱƷҶҪʲôˣֱţɴһ˫۾𾪵ʵǲҪȪ֮е˶ֱɣ
һۡȥҲᱻֱ֣ӵ㣬һԵĽ˶һٻɱ
ƷڿһҶͺǣκҹΣȪ֮ҲʮһλټʮһǰΧǲġ
𣡡ҶŵһЦһԿžǣܲȪ
ɣֵǣ
Ҷһٻѩ裬ɣħ죬ʥ룬ʥ䣬࣬ūϹҰս죬ǧ˪Ϲ飬ħӰأ裬ɣºǬ죬ġ
ȫ֣


2182 
ȻЩ˲ÿӵк࿹ʵű˴ʵ˲̶ͬȵԶԿʮ
οҶѪ֮еͽһͷų˵ʮҲڻ¡
Ҷǲ˴ĵĺͻȪսģƷ˵ڻȪֵ֮ٴﵽǧ֮ı˴㣬ɴһȪ
ò˶ãͽӭһսʱ˶սᣬô֣׳׳ʿ
ƷĿ࣬ʵҶķ񣬵ǵֵʱ˵ȴǲ˱仯
˵̼ץֻʱԣûκεˣھʥ֮оѾѣҶٻȻҲ֡
ȻҲû뵽Ʒ䣬ϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ϹҰһЦͱͱˣȥк
Ҷͷæͨ򵥵ĽƷѾӦȻҶĴ㣬ݺݵĵһۣȴҲö˵ʲô
óֵ˶ˣҶȻҲҪ΢һ£ħ죬ʥ룬ʥͺǵгǵĿĴй٣һһ˭ҲҪ
ɰɺѩ˴һΧ
ˣȻ͸ʮ
ڹȻҲǹҶУȻݻƷƲ⣬һǾҶҲ޾壬οķӦѾ·ˡ
һ׼Ҷһӣɱ
һ̾ͬˮһ㣬ӿǰ޴ĸۡƷ΢΢ԥһ֮ѡ
ʲô
֮ۡУӸѲߵոշԣſڲȽ˵꣬Ѿ촦֮ж֪˭֡
̱ۡˡ
ôĵӣȻô񸮣
ףƷҲڣҾ˵Щôܹ֪㽫Ǵİɣߣʰ֮ʰ㣡
ͬʱۡϿһᣬһȻκҹΡ

լۡܳˣò˵Щʵȷǿޱȣļ;ơ

һŭ𣬵һȺ֮Уκսħǣǿֱչ˹
צѪĽûһܹסһצ֮
ʼոںңƺڱ˫ֿǱ޴ĺɫսûгֵĴ㡣
ȴвʶ˹ͿΪĽо޸˻ӣʱʮֱӱһΪֳ롣
ʱҲѾ׷׼սţֻҶԾվһûг֣ǵ֣֮ԼΧκ˶޷Ĵڡ
ʵֵĻڳô˲ȫΪֻܹ֣վһΪͬʱҲй۲ܣעʱֵܻĸ֡
ҽ˷˵һ֮УѪĽۡԺս
ȫһɱȴ˭ҲûΪҶѾǣǻȪȻЩǱɱ֮˵Ѿʧȥǣֻ֪ɱ¾˫֮ϸѪܡ
ɱǣ˵Ҳһֽѣ
ȻԾɲɶ˹κεвֻǰǽκҹλ˧ȴֱҲûг֡
Ҷͽ֪Ŀʵɱ֮󣬸ҳ֣æŽ﷢飬㱨ܣĴй٣ҲҶϣġ
ǣҶȪ˷ǶȥԿطǳˮһ㣬ȫۡ
ԶмɼΪǿҲ
κҹζˣ˿һ֮Уҳŵĵȴš
ټһᣬֻҪܴ˺йٴ˵ˣЩ˾ͻȫˣ
ľЩʲôˣֻ࣬һʶôһô
˵ţʱҶͻȻ˵Ժ֮ը죺ӣ֪ͨˣѾȫ֪ͨˣȻˣԳˣ
κηӦʱ䣬˾һ¡촫ڵңȻͬǰ漸ڣֱӱ˸һ˶ޱȵľ޶˳׵ı¶˵ǰ
ΣҹΣ
࿴һŹ֧ѪźХֱ֮˹ȥ


2183 й
ۺ죡
൱ʱ򣬺ͻȪûٴǶȻҲǼΪ˽⣬˿ڵüǷϻ
֪иԣԼ׶༪٣Ψȫ֣ȡŵԮϵһ
˵иԳһӭѪȥϹҰ͹ūԼƷ䵣Կ˿Ҳǽ󣬹˹ȥ
ʱһţʱһ¡촫
ۡܵԺǽȫ̮һڶͬˮһӿϵ
ͬʱ֮ϣӰҲ֣ˣ
ܣκҹβ˿ԼǱסˣ
˸뿪кͻȻ֮ʮӰգǰҶŵרŶԸܵˡ
Ҷ֪ͨǣһ֣Ǿ̳ǰȥء
ΪԽԽӿ룬ҶҲʼĽѪеķͷųǵʵ⣬гķ˶ʮϡ
˵뿪ӿ룬˳֮£ʣ˸о˳Ѫ˵ĳ֣ϣʮ˶һˣʱ˵ѹ
ܣ㲻׳ʲô£ֻǽӵκҹεȶͬǵһǵˣ˼ʱ䶼ûУƲѵչɱ
£ԭһ˿ҵκҹγɵˣû뵽ȻԼⷽԮǶԷԮȻࡣ
ǴֵЩˣʵΪǣһȴǺηûǵҪԵ÷Ķࡣ
һõһˣ˸㲻ͬͷϷȴ̳ʮͬסĵеܹɹĿ
˺սټϺηսĽκε
οҶڰΪ˱ˣѾѪ֣Ⱥ֮Уû˿飬֮̾ͻд¡
ֵܳڲ֧ʱ䣬ոӿѾųֻ֮࣬ʣ²һɣ
ת֮䣬ۡѾ޵Ÿʬ壬ʬ壬ȫģҶˣȻûһ˵Ҳֻ
һĻĻΡҹκܴĵ׷ǴڣԷ
Ҫ֪Ȫǹȥڣھ֮ڶǺպ˵ˣȪ֣еͷۣȪˣǻͿ
Ȫ֮ǻһɥȪʬ嶼¡
ˣö֮Ҳ˻Ȫ˵İԴ󣬿˵ˣڲ֮ˣԼ֮⣬ǸûнκҲܣ
Ȼ죬߸ϣոĻȪȴӭһȺݶ֪ˣǰոǵ
ҲΪǳھסڻȪ֮УǽӵŻ뿪緢ǲŲʣǵϢԵޱȱټϳҶʹ֮⣬Щ˵ȷûκεȻ޷֪ǰЩ˵ˡ
󵨣
һͬһ𣬶£ħѾеĺɫսڵϣ䡱һֱӽϡ
ţ쿸սһ֮ϣ˵ֱһͷ˵֮˺ݺݵȥ
ħ죡
˵֮һ۵һ飬־һ֧ʣòãǵԼľȻϹħʱɫȴǶ䣡
ȻĴй֮ףй٣
˵Źʣֻһһ㣬Ϳ֮䶨
⣬֮ܳΪĴй֮ף˵ʵȷǿ֮⣬Ҫһԭ򣬾Լһ
Ǽյһַ
սе飬ɵģֻϧλų֮й٣ȴǰһε֮
Ϊλƿĳ֣ôйٵλȡӶ˻Ȫ
Դ֮֮󣬴йپͳ˾֮УΨһһ΢ܹٿ֮ˡ
֪йٵҪԺʱ֮Զԣʶ죡
벻ͷϹħޣȻгһջԼǰҸ߾սԼݺݵ
죬ϹħޣһƿڣҾͰµ
˵֮䣬йֹ϶Ȼųһ⣬ֵȥ


2184 Ѫ˳
йеĹʣھֻдԶʱͻȻͣδ߶Ҳ޷ñǰֺ
䣡
ľ޸ѾźХ֮ݺݵ˹
ؼʱһɵľ޴ѷ죬йȴǧһ֮˳ȥоգȻðһ亹²ѣ
ͬʱҲˣбȻи֣֪֮䣬ȻֹܹԼı¡
ˣȻҶˡ
ӻƷĿѾ֪˴йٵǶƿأ㲻ȫҲȷǸвԲŻڰгֹ֣ʵ¡
죬Ȼƿ򣬵ǱеıʺͲֻҪʹã߸ɴٵ֮һԶԸˣ
Ҷȷˣһ֮ͷ˴йٵĴʵӶ췢ѡ
Ҳش𣬵о޸ȴǶȻӿٶȣҲй٣ǸΪֵ
йپʵǿ죬ȴ·˿һ㣬ĿԣæңƣӦ
ʱ֮Ӱ֣ӰźѹѹһƬͬһ㣬ޱ޼ʵ
йҲˣʵȴйһȴǽӵ˴йٵȥۺڣǰҶǾ֮ص˾ȫټһ
ôһɱҶɱǧѣڣʣľȫۼڿУйٵһ£·ӿ˹ȥ
һѾֲסκҹٴγ˿ĴйҲд󶨡
ʵϣϣԶԶĿǰڸ֮ۡеĴ󲿷ˣֻʱ⡣
ҶԸǣѾ𣬰Լģֱй٣ҶҲ´˷ɢȱɱУȽܵĽȫݻ٣
Ѫ֮еķˣ֮ȫͷųռݼһƬԱҪ㹻ĿռɣȻĻۼһ𣬺ױԷָȺɱ
Ҷ֮ɱУǽתƵս֮ϡ
κҹε˿Ϊ֪УϽˡ
У
ܣô׵£
ղűǴ˰죬ڸֵǴ˰ɣǻȪ׳ȥ죬нȪ֮ˣ㵽˭һҲӣȫɣ
κҹζʱ˻ſʼˡ
ʱһɫӰͻȻ˵ǰ۶δһۣһָˣָ㣬еͺȣѨλ
飡
κҹε֮ϣʱըСףѪȪһ˵ɫҲɲǼòҰףȫŤ
һɾҵʹ֮Уϯȫ޷Ѿ˫˫Ե˵ϡ
Ǹ֪ǸɫӰʲôԼܵʹ࣬ܣá
Ȼ˵ǰĵ߰ٶʮѨλѾȫ򿪣ܳŹȥôӴ֮󣬾ˣ
仰֮뿪
Ȼ٩ˣѪһ֮⣬֮£ûκѨλ֮ѪһţѪ۸Ҷ߰ٶʮѨλ˲䱻ͨҲܻлȥĿܡ
ˣκҹΣ˧ޱߵʹ֮УĵȴĽ١

Хȫ˷Ľ
죬һһĻзɳݺݵײڽϣ˲佫ȫȼ
¡¡
ط죬Ҳһ޷ͬһĳ׷ױ
ת֮䣬˾ѪҶĴ֮£ƷеĽԲǧ֮Ϊƽأ
ʱϵǾŸոճ嵽棬ͬʱѪҶڣ㣬ÿһѪ֮еһˣ
лȪˣӰأϹҶĺѣڴ˿̶¶֮ɫΪǵǰⷽԲǧս֮ϣɱ⣬ޱ飡
Щ࣬壬Ȼһʵߣǻɢɱ⣬ȴݷܹȼγһ֣Ȼ˶
һ˲䣡
֮Ѿվˣൽ޷㣬Ǿ˺ֹٱ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
캰ɱÿѪ˵Ŀĺ⣬ίܵĥڽڽ췢й
ʿǣȺ鼤ܣɱ


2185 ɱɱɱ
ɱ
쳤Хһһסž޴ǳݺݵйȥ
ȻУǳͬʱըǽйٵİըѪģвҽ
ɱ
ȫӵǿ֮ܣڷйٵߣӷһԼǾ޴צӲץԷ
ģйٵ֮Ѿ˺ۣһⱻצӲ˺£Ѫ졣
ɱ
ϲϲǽȴҲɱȾз˻һˮӿÿһˮ׵˺գƵǰĲйֽУϺˡ
ɱ
ɺ첻壬лĸͷȴǷޱȣÿһͷ£ĶǾ춯أǾ޴ĸâôйΪ֮ѾһֽмڿͬѩһɢƮҡ
ɱ
ͼڵ֪˻Ȫ֮ϱŵǧѪծ֮󣬸ҵԸȫ˳˲ڿиֻ֣м֮޻֮
ɱ
ɫԸϸƫҶ˿ĸ飬ž֮䣬ϳһɫƬԴ֮ϸǳֻõǡ
ʥľɣͬΪĹǰĵزܡ
ɱ
ѩȻͬһǰλ˫վѪȵڤû˿֮ģվڱѩ˵ϣϵʥ۾ͷһĻĻڤȫס
ɱ
ºֶսеܣ˫˫˺ӵĺϻ꣬һˮһ磬·ɣĬצ֮ϾȻһʱʱʩչһвڽһʱ֮ռϷ硣
ɱ
ӰءϹħֶս˲ܣȻʵϵͣһ̫գһӰӣڰǣһǱ˫ǿ𹥻Ȼ˲ܴƽ֡
ɱ
ս죬裬ɣǬģֶսʵĹܡ
սս˫սʽʩչĺܣ軯ţз֮ǬӽͼϹ֮պɫͬʱںڰѪ֮ѵ˼£ڰ飬ǬϣԴ֮ʱۻܣңʱ̣䲻⹥ܣҲƾС
ɱ
࣬칭ŹūϹҰͻƷ䣬Ѫڶ෸ˣǧ֮Уݿһ㣬ÿһɱʮ
ɱ
ѪˣԿһ򲻹ʮһϣʮ򲻹Ͱٸһϣٸ򲻹ǧһϣ
ټѪҶΪ󻤷һ˭ΣգԸϹȥΪΧһֱӽջѪ
ˣȻѪ˵ʵ࣬Ⱥս֮ʱײֱڣȴûһ˵ģ֧ģ̾ͻᱻѪҶͻѪȻ»һ˳
Ҫ֪Ѫ֮еķﵽ򣬲һȫڲսʮ֮һе油֮ˣԴԴӿ
ȪǺɱ֮һﲻϵĵ䣬һ߾ʬﲻϵ¡
ȻĶûǵ֮ʱҽԼ֮ӿѪ֫ȴʱʱ̵̿ײʣԼܺĴйٵġ
Ҷߵʿ磬ԽԽһǲ֪ƣһ㣬Ȫˣȴ󷢺
ǵĶ־ڱȪ֯Ҳɱ֮У𽥱
ֻлȪȥɱˣǽ죬ȴӭ˱˵ɱ
ɱ죬ǧ£ôزڣԣѪʬǣȪ
Ҷ֮ı֮£йעսΧı֣ΣܹʱؾˣͬһְǱˣԼⷽһ䣡
ȪֻЩ˺ЩʵĻôⳡսĽѾˣҶûгֵıҪ
ʵˣǿĹ룬ܹ͵ƽƽʱûг֣ˣǻȪǿҶڵȴǵĵ
ţ֣϶ǻģ
ڣʮֻʣ²һ֮ʱ˷һҺڷ֮ʱ֮ϺȻһƬѹѹƲʣƲ֮У̲һɿֲ
ɲе˶֪ˣҲԼֹͬͣ˴򶷣׷̧ͷƬ嫵ĺɫƲʡ
ҶͬƲʵƲģһɫսףͷһߵĸߴӰ
룬ˣ


2186 
ĳ֣˵עһʱ֮䣬Ȫ
ȻʱҶȴǶȻһХ磬˲˹ǰֱһȭݺݵĻ˳ȥ
ҶͲ֮֮У֪ڣټ͵Ϯ֣ùȫûϵ
ڴæ֮䣬ɫս֮ͻȻһƬƣɲǼ仯һֻòƻһĺɫ
飡
Ҷһȭ˹ԴϣҽԴѾը˿ȭͷݿֻ࣬ȫ飬»һźƣ˹ڡ

֮󣬷һ͵͵ƺߣͬʱģµײײ˳ʮಽǿվȡ
ȻҶһȭûйȭͷ̺֮ĿֲȴɶԹһ˺
ʱҶҲڴ֮˳չ˵ǰɫƽעǰĹĵˣ
Ҷ³仰ͬһ㣬صĻÿ˵֮ϣɵӰȴԲͬ
ںǵ˵ȻղǶǿ壬ҶΪȴǽеȫ飬һ˲»ָĺս⡣
ɱ
ɱ
Ǹոʧŭɱ֮ٴδǵĿкոͣΣҲٴη
ȻڻȪе˵Ƕڹĳ֣ͬǿϣĻ棬Ҷ仰ȴǳ׻Ǳʣ޼ʿģٴγһηӰȻ˷
ս
εսȴǳֳһ浹ƣҶߵʿ֮߰Ƭׯһո
δܺĴй٣Ҳʧȥ˼ȥĶһתΣȻʼ˷ݶȥ
Ǻǵˣλߣ̽׷ᣡ
һй̣ʵϲڹ֮Ƭ֮ɡ
ùг𺳺;壡
֮ԻὫԼͷŵ£ΪľҪȪ׳׳ʿԵ壬Ȼûϵ·ϾȻɱһԶԼҪǿҳ
˲Լ̣ҽԭܳսʱˣ
ʱĹѾȥԼ£ȫעĶסԼǰԶҶ
Ҷĳָе⣬Ҷڹĳȴ֪ǲ²⵽˹ͼԲŻ᲻ϧ͵ϮķʽһػͬʱлȪ˵ģ
Ҷ
ڿҶĿҲ֪
Ȫ˵ϢαǶҶ¼ȴҲ֪ࡣ
Ҷ飬ôҲͬȪոӲܻ˵Ĳ״
ֻϧûУ
ҶƽԹ룬ųҵʦֺѣҿʹ죡
ڹڻȪϵĵһ󽫣ҶûҪŹĴ㣬ΪԷմȾʵ̫ѪȣҪǷݣ
ȻЦҶҾŴܹ˵ʵĵӣǷǳ壬û˸ҽȪ㲻ˣǽһȪ飡ѵãѵã
ĻͻȻһתѵΪһȪôʵ𣿡
ҶüëһѵΪǸʼͬͷڹһ㣬ҳֵܹŤתľ𣿡
ǵȷ޷ŤתĪҪˣǻȪ䣬ǸͲǣЩˣ̤䣬ٴλ֮Ȫ֮һȪ
붸Ȼ˫ָ߸߾һźâڳֱɭɭʣȻըâȪȫ֡
ʱһͬӿ˷Ӵ֮£֮


纣Ȫȫ֣ڴе˫ȫ׷ͣ
ཹལ
ȻЩѾ£ðһͬˮһĶҼӿǵڡ
ţ˵һĻˣ
ЩѾЩˮ֮󣬾Ȼ¶
Щֻʣ°壬ûԴһģѪ⣬ȫ䶯
ٺ٣ˣ
ٺ٣оã
һһʬ֮дӰλƵվȻǰѪҶѨλ֮壬ͬʱ߰ٶʮѨλѾκҹΣ
ĸˣ


2187 ʲô
˿ЩӵϣѪУʬվǣ¶֮ɫ
飬ʿ˵⣬򵥵Ľ;壬ѾɹۺԼʿ˵ֻҪһع飬
ǣЩѾˣǧǰȪɱֻʣ꣬ٱһһ߾ϸѡ֮УķǿںϣΪûǵԹߡ
еʱҲĻɱǣԻ϶ͬһˣǸ
ңκҹ˵ĻǵֽӲĸ֮ǰļ䣬͵һϵĸ
˹龰ȻסˣոռݵĴƣ˲ٴγת
ЩǴģܹƵĲͣĸⳡսûҪȥˡ
õİ취ҶϽˣ뿪Ȫ
𾪵˵Уֻаɫƽ˫ü΢΢һ˫εĶЩվǣ¶˼֮ɫ
ҶҲоɫָһʱ֮Ҳ⣬ӾлعǰĹʱȴǺȻ֣Ѿʧˡ
Ҳǳʧ٣ǾͬǰҶһȭǸһ뻯ĺɫΣȪûȪ˺ɫĺ֮С
ϯ߿գݺݵˡ
ҶǲǸ
ȻҶԺҶ΢΢һʲô
ƽع飬һУǹΪ˵һƬȪ֮Ϊ
Ҷɲװһ˿Ҳϸʵʱ¸ҹվλҲŲȱ壬λƵٴγ֡
ۺǳ֮Ҷɱ˧ǵڻɱĺڰ޳ȻҲٴθ
ת֮䣬ȪѾָȫսղҪӵȫ
ѾͶҶĻƷ֮⣬ʮŴ˧ܣĴй٣ȫγ֣εİΧ
ǲӿڻȪͬһĺɫˮѾǺ죬һ˸߹һˣ
ΨһͬģǴ󲿷ֵ϶ǰƣе֫岻ȫеǧٿףеԴûС
ʱѾΪĹȴٴδ˷𣺡Ҷǲ֮ԶɱǣڣǱˣǣԶȪ֮УΪµɣɱ
ڹʹ֮£ʮŴ˧ܣĴй٣뷢ɱ˳˹ȥ
ŸոձԼɱȴٴĳԼǰָо˵һ˿⣬ǵɱ뷨˵ʿһܵ˴
һĻҶϣüѿ
һڹ⣬ûκεԥʮγɵ֮Уϲ˿ĸ飬֮϶Ȼ˺ɫĻ棬˫ȭݺݵܻ˳ȥ
ս˫
ȭֱͬȼܻĺɫǳһ㣬ȺС
¡
¿ȥܹĿԭӿͬȺгԲɵľ޴ڶڶ֮пտҲ
ۼΧ֮ڵһȻҶȭֱӺޣ
˾˵ɱȺѾûǵȻýŲͣͣýͷ˶ݵĻ⡣
˵ȻǵľŴ˧ܣĴйˣ
һĿɿڴĿΧ֮£ȴû˿ĺҶ
Ҷɨһ֮ƽĵܹ޸ûҿʲô
һ仰ȻȴĴڳÿ˵ĶУǶЩղʿ䣬΢ʧȥ˵ĵ˵仰¼ǵʿǵġ
ǵһӦһղŴߵйٵ㲻ǻû𣬻иĻᣬʲôҪˣҵҪҶθ
һϯѪȻй̲סĴ˸ȴҲòӲͷƤٴκͺսһ
ɽһվ˸ղѾɱĵزǰ̧û֮צһָزܵҼȻɱһΣҾɱΣΣֱɱ㣬ܸҸ
ԣɱǲҸΪֹ
˴Ӧ˵ʿٴαɹȼǸոոڶ˧һսٴչ


2188 Ȫ֮
ҶȻɹԾ˫ȭɱΪɹĻָ˼ߵʿģǶ飬ԾŨŨɻ
ɻŪĻôڽжҪ¿ˡ
˧й٣ǵĸҶ˿壬ͬ˵ܹɱûУɱǸҸ
Ƕڹ룬ֱԾδ¶ЩҪɱԼǸ߸ϵĵ
ҲӵԼһУ׶༪ˡ
ղŵĻʲô˼
Ҷ;սУ˵ıȴûмų֣Űѯ
ںܴսҶĻæղɱЩʱеķ˵ǿԽǳȣȴֳȣȫЧʼҲûע⣬ǵĸҲ²⣬ǵȻֽţֻҪеĹؼ϶ɱǡ
걻ֽţ
Ҷظ仰ͬʱ˴ۣ֮һֱ͸ǵǵꡣ
ĳҲǸָǵҲͬˣֻ˴֮䲢ȫƥ䡣
е࣬ռȴĳеޣȴ࣡
˿̣ǵ궼һɫˮΧǵסҶĴۣ֮ȻܹĿǵꡣ
궼ġҶüͷܶʲôֽţѵ˵ˮȪ֮Եʣ
Ȫ֮ȷ˵Ȫ֮Ȫ֮ţԼͻˡ
Ҷ۾ͻȻһˣ
룬ˣȪͬǻ飬Сǵͼ֮飬Լʥ֮еһһȪ֮飡
Ȫ֮У˵궼Ȫ֮񵱳ʦֳһ˿л꣬˱ֲһǵ꣬İ֮У϶ٵĺͻȪ֮ںϣ
ˣǵʵ͹룬ȪϵһǰһģֻҪȪ벻Ǿܸ
Ҫ벻Ǹ˻ȥǵ֮⣬ֻܽȪ߹ɱ
Ҷ̽ԼڸĲ²⣬ͨÿˣϾûоȳʦֺ˳֮ǰǲܻٵȪģѾΪ˻Ȫ֮˻Ȫ֮УҪƳҲǲ׵飬Ŀǰõİ취ֻܳ׻ȥЩǵ
Ȼ˸ĹؼҶȴ˵㵣ģǵ񣬴ĳ˵ʵ͹СǼһĴڣǴ֮꣬飡
ô᲻Ҳӵи˻Լ޸أ
еĻôҪԸΨһ취·У뿪磡
λͽˣȥˣ
ڵҶʶʱȣȥΪ˷ֹ֣ѪԼһһץ·ѷѽĴйٸץС
죬ȥԸˣˣ
ץŴй٣Ҷϻ֮ۻֱ꣬ѰŹڱץ֮˵䡣
йپҲ񣬵ǺҶȣûпɱԣܹ赲Ҷ˲Ϣ֮䣬Լ֪һУѾޱչҶǰ
ҵˣ
ҶȻڴйٵ֮УҵһطȻﲢһǹѺ˳˵ڣطλڹĸ֮ۡУҶڴй˵ȫǽأҲС
Ӧþ
֪λãҶ˳ֽйԼľ
ɱ¾򣡡
Ҷ³ĸ֣ڴйٵ̳һâȻըһ޾ɱ¾֮ӴйٵϺɨ
йٵʱ֧գƬѪҶһĳӲĽƬҳޡ
λȥ֮ĻȪйңӦ޸Ŀˡ
ͬʱҶȴѾͨ˹ۡ
Ȫ֮е˶еһ𣬵ټۺı˹һ㣬Ӱ
ĸֱۡȻʹҪӴ󣬼ҶڿУҲһߣǸطۡк󷽣ܶɱ޴ĵƺܲ̾ͻᱻɱû˿ĿܣҲ⡣
ЩҶӴй֪ģԲԿ϶ɭϵĵطȻǵĵط
λʦ֣гټƬ̣ˣ


2189 ˿
ҶѾطӸ¿ȥһͨԺ䣬Ժ֮ż˵ֲֵ΢΢ҡҷԱ߰ڷһʯʯʣԶһСݣŽգȥΪľ
ֻҶĴ֮¿ȥһȫٵģûԺ䣬ûСݣȻһƬŤĺڰռ䣬´֮Ҳ޷ĺڰڿռ֮⣬һ˸ĵƺơ
н磡
ҶüͷĳڰŤռ䣬ӦȪеһ硣
ǴӴйٵ֪֮ڣҶҲҾҵҲԥֱ룬ĻͻᱻЩƺ͵Ȼһǿ϶ҶС鷳
ڼȻҶѾ֪ҳɹĴԪ֮ôĵƣȻҲŽİ취ˡ
ҶնǰոմԪ֮ƣɢӿǰռ䡣
䣡
ÿһƵײͬһ㣬ųҫ۵Ĺâͷų޴
Ȼһδεײ֮£Ҷȵķ֣ԼĵƣںǰЩƵĽսУûռϷ磬ȫ񵱳Դ˵ƻѪ۷Ѫ۶ɵʱΡ
ɻ󣬵׹
Ѫ۷ħͬԼԪ֮һȫµģͬʱҲǲȫģǰЩƣ㲻ǵҲһһɹʿ
߶ԱȣԼԪ֮Ѫ۷ħոճӤЩ൱ڳˣһһȺˡ
ӤȥԸһȺˣȻ
ӣҶԵ⻹ǲ룬죬ұҪԪ֮ƽһпƿأ
˼֮УҶܿʼ˸һһĵƣЩưľ飬ͬʱѪ֮ԼԪ֮
Ѫ֮ԴѪ۶ϣҶǵѪҺԶֵҲԶҪ򵥵Ķࡣ
ֵܹƣȥԪ֮⣬ڿб˴˽ֱΪһ壬ȥޱȵĻңţЩƾͽĿʼɢ
ƣһַţһͼһЩ϶ɡ
⿪ƵĹ̾ǽһŲһëߣһĽ⿪ֱҵΪԴͷ
ֵƺ϶Ϊһ֮ĻңڱҶһ⿪˿һ㣬ǻع鱾Դ
ҶĿģڽЩĵ⿪ֱԴĹ̵УԼԪ֮⡣
̵УҶвð˼⣬ɷԼΪ֣֮ħ֮ͷ֮Ĵǵ֮ôԼԪ֮еһأ
ֵĹǸݴߵз֣ı׼أ
Щ⣬ȻҲд𰸣Ҷֻ㡣
գеĵҶĿ֮£ع鱾ԴȻߣ
ֵıԴˣҶߣٶȻҿԽֵΪԴôҲӦÿԽĵΪԴֹԪḶ́˵ʵ󲻵ĺô
ǰôĵƣһĻᣡ
뵽ҶʼСĴǰ֮гȡһ֣ͬķʽֽ⣬ֱԪ
ʼʱٶȺǽģٶԽԽ죬ԽԽĵƱΪ˱Դ
ҲûзŹڽƻΪԴʱķ֣ʵÿ֮оͰһĲ÷ʽ
һſͬצƣڽ⿪Ĺ̵УҶ֪۳ɵΪ˷󣬲õķǸݰԵС
֮ҶǰŤĺڰռ֮ĵƺȫΪ˱Դ֮ڵ⣬Ѿһߵĸ߶ȣԪ֮ҲǷ˱仯
ϵȴߣǸ֮ڣĻڵ⣬ҲԶԶҶ
⣬ʵϵֱߣһ־һ˼ʵҲҶ᲻еĺôһ죬֣ᷢһУ츲صı仯
ÿֵƣÿƣҶΪ˱ԴĴڣȻн֮ĵƺƣҶѾȫ𲻵˿á
ܹһһʮֵƣоȻ˴ʥʦֵս֮ͽʦֵĽ֮֮ŲĵƣôӣĵƣЩץĵ
һһʮֵƣҲʹһһʮˣΪѰҵʧɢĵ֮߻꣬ǲϧһдۣе߶ץֻǲ֪Ум˲ĵ֮߻꣡
Ҷһ֮ͻȻһָ
ƣƣҶһָ֮£Ȼȫ˲仯Ϊ˱ԴΪһӶ¶һŤڡ


2190 ֮
Ҷ߽Ťĺڰռ䣬ǰһĻǼʶҲıסˣ
ǰȻһƬ嫵ǿգ
ͬԼ֮·Ŀ֮һ
Ƭ嫵ǿ֮ģͬһԲη壬ÿһǳһС硣
н磬нУһƬǿգǿ֮УȻС磬ȻЩС
˾˵һĻҶֱе޷󣬵񵽵һƬǿղҲ֪ǿеЩļǷԼ֮ʱҹ̧ͷЩǳ
УղԼܵһһʮֵԭΪӦһһʮŸ飬һǳֻװһ˵ĻҲԲֹ
Ҷлع֮žԼһƬǳȺɨ˹ȥ
ԭ
ƬǳȺŴﵽ˰ٿңÿһǳ֮Уȷһ磬ȫֻͬǻͬ
еǳһƬеǳһƬ𺣣еǳһƬĮеǳ֮һƬĹ
ܻ֮βͬÿǳ֮Уֻһֻ
ٿǳУȻֻһǳһ࣬ǳ֮УûһĴڣȫǿյģһ˿ûУͬһǳһ㡣
Ψһһһǳ֮Уֻͬһֻǲһ͸Һ壬ҶΪҺˮǵǳʱ򣬱ǶȴŵһŨζ
㣡
ǳ֮еҺ壬ȻȫǾƣ
ǸΨһ࣬һͷ棬˺ӣޱ޼ʵľˮ֮Уϵĺš
ܹɢŨζľƣһǺþƣʿ˵ΪʳԻ϶ȵƣ䵱һܡ
ϵıȴܣʹ֮ȫĥ
Ҷˣ
һſͬǳһ磬Ϊ׼ġ
ÿһǳУһλߣĵĲͬסĻҲǲͬԿ϶ǺǵĵϢϢأ
ͱλںȾƵʿĵȻǾ֮ȫ˾С
֮ԻôտҲǳΪЩǳ֮סѾѾжϳǷǵ֮߻꣬Աˡ
ڣΪҪߣڸĵĻУжǷǵ֮߻꣬Щ⣬Ҷ벻ͨ
ûĻôǳУӦֻһһʮſ֮˴ڣ
ֻǳʵ̫࣬ҶҪȫ꣬Ҳûһʱ䡣
ˣҶԥһ֮ʱûȥ鿴ǳֱ뵽ƵǳС
ལལ
ҶܹڴڴڵĺžƣȻҶĵȴûֹͣȾƣǼţֻ˫֮Уȴ˰˷ܣԼ־;ϵĿ⡣
ҶϸһüͷٴΪ˲ںȾƣϣÿëףͬڣȻоˮԴԴϵ룬ֹ룬ƺûа취赲ֻܲϵںžƵͬʱĵڵľˮ
ĵľˮ˴ųȴֻΧľˮУľˮһԵȫȵȻĻԶɺԣ٣ҲֻԶĺȥ
ѹ˵ıôʹ࣬ȷв۲۵ʹ࣡
˵Ŀ⣬Ҷ֪ԷԼ
Ҷһ̧֣һֳ֣˵ͷȥҪ;ˮָȻȴ¶ֻ֮ɫҡԴ
Ҷ΢΢һ̧˿У¶˲֮ɫ
Ϊ޷죬궼ںȾƣҶֻѯʣҡͷͷش
һʱ֮Ҷ֪ˣԭȻȾˣȴÿʱÿ̶֤оˮ룬ղҶӽ;ˮ룬Ҳֱ
ҶֻǽԷ͸˳λȴڲϵͷžˮ

˵ĿУ³һϵҲһ˿Ľ֮УȻҶҪ¿̶֮ҶлֻҪ£ҾҪˣ

ǵרſٳĻ֮أÿһλĵ߽⣬ΪޣӶжϳǾǷǵ֮߻꣡


2191 

⻹Ҷһ˵ڳɹ˵֮󣬾ȻĳķʽΪޡ
ʵҶԼյԪ֮Ԫ֮ʵȴűʵĲͬ
ԪֻҶȥĳֵĳι̣ȫֵ׻ὫɱӶжϳǷǵ֮֮һ
ҶԾеɻʵǣʱʱ̲̿ͣĺȾƣڻ
ǣ̽ĵǾ֮ôҲͣĺȾƣþƵӶմﵽĿġ
ԼΪ̸ҲΪﲻ֪˶ãò׿˵ˣȻ̲סˣϲļ治˹ӣÿĵͬķʽҲͬôʹ࣬ǱһЩ˵ˡ
ҶɫеŹ֣ʱʱ̱̿ƹڵķʽܣ治֪ʹʽʲôˡ
ҶҲֻ֪ϽҵԼʦǺ˳Լæʵ⻯֮ʵ̫֪࣬ʲôɣмѱ뽫Ǿȳ
仰ͻȻѿھߣǴߣ
ô֪ģҶ¶˾֮ɫһ˿ɱ
ᣬᣡӻæҡͷʿһܹһλ߶ѵˣ߾Ȼкüߣֻд߲ӵԶ߿˵꣡
ܹ꣬Ҷ֪ԶԷȷܹзԼݡ
Ҷȥеɱ˼ҴˣҵȷǴߣ̨֪֮صķֲ𣿡
֪ӵͷǧҪ̨ұ棬һ߶Ĺɣϣܹ־ңѾǧ֮ãǸ޷ɱˣ
ǧ꣬ҹҹڳޱߵʹ࣬ҶѪ
еϣҶͷ˵Ҹξ㣿
ɱң
ɱ㣿
ǵģɱңΪҸܴ뿪ȵһ죬һйޣھڶ֮֡
Ҷüͷ֮⣬ѵľû취𣿡
治˵ֻǿЦҡҡͷ
Ƭ֮ҶȻȻ£һȥĵһǽܻܿĵҲֱܻΣҲ޷֪㣬Ըһԣ
һ¶һ˿ɻ󣬵˲㱻ȡһͷȻǴߣܸһ˿кβԸԺھͽ֮صĹɸ㣡
ʵ֮أ޾ʵȴйɿѭĻ֮أֻǧ
Ҷ͵ؾһ¶Ȼ֮ɫ
濴Ҷӣ֪ˣǧԻ֮Ҳֻǧѣӹŵ񣬽ȻԶԶֹǧ֮ȴֻᱻǧ֮С
ôҳǧ֮أ
򵥵ķ΢΢һЦȻܹʵȻͬСɣٵĻ֮أ޷ֻ̫Ļ֮أ˵Ļ˵ģ涼еڣԶȼٵҪι̡
ƺǵҶԼֵⷬһʵ磬Ϊ˵ĵŻޱȣԽÿһ֮أһ磬ֻҪе֧ţͲ̫
֪ˣԵƬ̣
Ҷֱӻ뿪һɨǰǿĽٿǳѡʮţȻһȭ
Ҷ治ƭԼԷһҪ֤һһȭֻһӶжϳĻ֮أܹܴŶٵ
䣡
һȭ۳˿񱩵ˣɨҶһ㣬ʮǳȫ
䣡
ը֮а˿źȻըֱӱҶĹޡ
ҶٴһΣǳ֮ϣվƬ̣Ȼиܵ˵ĺۼ
Ҷ˫ȭͬʱʣľʮǳȻȥڵǿǳ
󣬽ʣǳȻǳȫΪޣҶţ˵Ķ滰
Ҷ»صǰ棬㻹ʲôδԸ˵һδܽȳұ֤ᾡԸ
л⣬ûʲôδԸˣ
Ѿűľģһ̣Ծ¶һ˿Цҡҡͷ۾ȴ޷ϡ
׼ˣҾҪȥĵ


2192 ʮ
۾ҲοҶ˵Ļеޱȵĺ棬Ҫ֪񶼵ķʽÿһĵҶĿƺиķḶ́ǣֻһ
ʱҶȻƽҲеĻ֮ʵǰδ뻯֮ʱ½ƵĸֵƣһһΪԴĹ̡
ȻܽƻΪԴôҲܽĵΪԴһֻҪûĵȻҲʧȥЧӶӦÿԽ⿪ϵǴӻΣ֮н
ֻҶ뷨ʲôĺҲȫ޷Ԥϣ֮ҪôһǵȷΪҪ棬ҲΪеʦֺ˳ǡ
Ȼ˳ʦֶߣץ룬϶ҲȴŻͬҪԼȡ
ÿ飬Ȼ˵е㲻ƽû취ĿǰҶ뵽ΨһĽİ취
濴Ҷ֮ɢһδĵƣȻ˳ǲӿľˮӿԼڣӿԼꡣ
ţһĸоͽԼȫ
ָоʮֵԼ»صĸ׵ĶԼոճ֮ʱһ֮С
ָоĵû˯Ȼ֪Լ˯ţǼΪأǽģǿʼģʶʼãԲ˫Ҳʼ𽥵ĺ£ֱձϣ˯С
ͬʱҶȴޱȵأҪ֤ɳܲͷųˮҪԼԪ֮ȥĻľƵ
ģҶĵ֮Уһ档
ÿ֮УĴڣò꣬꣬꣬ٵͯ꣡
ոճ֮ûãĸףͽպžͣȻʱ޷κζȴμסľζ
Ӵ֮ͶһƹһȾʿ
䣬㼣鼰ɽΪʵĿģȴֻΪ˳µƣ
ģھƵĸоﵽһĸ߶ȣһĸоÿһֲͬľУܵһָߵ⾳ͽ
ʱҴţΪͶ˸ʱȹľƵѾ֣ҲǴʱʼ¼Ҳû˿ľƣ
ܺ棬¼ľƹ˵ʵһʹ࣬ȻҲ޷ᵽƴȤõľƣĿУҲƽˮ
ʱ溦ˣȻʼξƲմ
ʱҴңǧȥĳĳҹһΪƽСׯУһλԻ˶ɽ棬ؼңóõһдоһڹȥῴӾơ
ǧ֮󣬵һζ˾ƱٴκһƣͻȻ䣬󳹴򣬸˾֮
ԼҲ޷ͣΪʲôԼһɲǼͻͻȻΪߡ
ߣֻһ֮ңϧûãͱҵץס֮أصڡ
һоҶǰһһţֻ̺棬Ƿģ
ҶȿǧȻץľȻḶ́󣬲ոճ֮ʱԿպžеĻ档
ԭҶΪ⸱֮󣬾ζŽΪѾһȻû뵽ǣʧ֮󣬾ȻһĻ棡
֮У棬ֻȴǴһߣһʿ˷ˣֻ˲ʮ֮ã
䣡
ҶоǳͬʱըȻվ˫ĿԲɣĶǰԾڲϿתٱ仯Ļ棬嶼Ϊ̫𾪶΢΢Ĳš
Щ棬Щ棬ǰ
ҶĿмΪѵ³һ仰
ŻĲϱ仯ҶȻǰԼеת
һʿߡ
һֻǸʮͨˡ
һȴǱһֻǡ

ڣһ棬֮УһƬڵޣʲôûУ
ȻˣҶȴԾɴ
ǵúڶ̶һ˲ʱȻʮ
ʮ֮Уˣޣ㣬ֲ
תԭĴڣ˵׷ת֮ǿеģҶҡҡͷԣÿһǵһ˿䣬ңҲű仯˵ÿһǵڣǷΪģԴǰļ䣬ϵֱתͶ̥ӶﵽĿģ
ǿԿ϶һ㣬棬ǵ֮꣡


2193 ȫ
֮Ż꣬һ꣬˸꣬ѳΪ˵񣬶ȴǲ֪٣ֻ֪֮ͬеһϵתԼǲǵ˭
õֻķʽͨȥÿĵξݴжǷΪģҶ֪
ǣҶԼԪ֮滯Ĺ̵Уȴǿ޵Ϊߣܹʮ̣
Ӷжϳˣǵ꣡
ֿǰ󣬸ǳҶԼ֮ģȫû뵽һֺĳ֡
⵹ܹԪ֮ΪһȫµĵӵеȷǾףѹֿԽдȡ֮
Ҷڴлع˯ȫ֪ʲô棬ָӵĸо
˵ǰʵҶ˵ʲôֵҫ߸Ȥ飬෴Σݷδͬ£ǿп̽Ҫ˽
ΪֻܿЦתעĵ֮ϣ
ߵĵģʹߵĵʵͬᷴӳ֮һĵơ
ߺʹߵĸܻĵƣǻƶ
ҶʼԼԪ֮ĸǸ֮ϣĽ˿룬»ΪԴ״ֱ̬˼
һҶĳһⲢžѾȥľƵֻǻȥĵơ
ҶҪԼԪ֮ȥĵҲΪԴܻȥƵҶĵҲǵʧ֮󣬶ǷΣա
ȥģͻȥƣѶȫûпɱԣҶ˲仯һֵƣǶĵģȴǻʱʱ䣬Ž仯Ϊ˱Դ
ҶеЦԷǵǣĵʧ֮󣬾ȻһɢŴľƣ
ĵ֮ԴˣҽξƳʧĵҲͻʧˣ棬ϣܻȥ
һҧҶԪֱ֮ӽξƸȫʧ
ľƵȫʧʼԴԴӿڵľˮͻȻͣѾڵľˮҲͬ˾ֹ
Ҷ֪Լɹ˻Σգæ֣һȫ׵ĺܵľˮ뿪Ȼע棬Ƿܹѹ
ȿȣ
ͻȻĿдĿ£һɹŨľζĿֱѬҶ¹ر˱ʶȻܹŵüͷ塣

һڳ涸Ȼ۾˫֮峺ˮǰҶ˵ֱӾ͹ȥ֮ΪԸڶߣΪЧ
Ҷһ䣬ͽŶԷϺ˷ܣ֪ԼķɹˣԾʵʲôо
һЦܸоĵҵĵʧƵʧǶڵиȴڣֻҪԸ⣬ʱƵ
ⷬҶ۾һԭĵʧߵʵмӰ죬ڿȻĲ٣ǵĸڣֻҪʱ䣬ܹ
ȽǴӻΣнȳûĻȥǵĵȫĺ£
ȻԼԴʵһ˶೤ʱ䣿
ʱôˣ
ûʲô¶ɻ֮ɫֻ˸ܳܳΣǸоʮʵһΪȥ˺ܳʱ䣬ԭֻʱ
ҶһʵʲôΣ
һˣһһ㣬һ仨ǲʲôƺ;ƶǧ˿Ƶϵɻ֮󣬶ƵģӣǺ;ƵԵ
ĻҶٴγһΪΣʮ̣˵еʲô飬Ǻ;Ÿ᲻ϵҲΪˣŻһɹ˾֮Ϊߡ
ÿһλܹ֮ԼĵΪڳＸʮ֮УͨϵĻۣճɹġ
ˣһζѣˣ㲻˵ҪǸϽȥҰɣ
ǣҶͷܹʹܴȷʵҪ֡
Ҷգգ۵Ҷǧˣͱһˣڣҷйһ¡
ãҽҼλѵĳ㣬⣬㲻ýҶҽҶҵĻԺ

ҲǸˬˣҶȻҲڣս죬˳ͬľϣ˵òҲ˿
˷ͷжһ߹ǳһѰż˵䡣


2194 ֮
ʵʵĺǿٲħ̼Ҫͣİ⻯֮ص̽Ҫࡣ
ܿ죬󲿷ֵļٻ֮ؾȫ飬ʣǧĻ֮أоͲһһʮ˸ߡ
ѣⲻǽ𣡡
ҶԺ֮Ҷ˶Ϊ֮һ𣬼æһߡ
˿̣ǰһ֮ȫǽ磬ָĽų貵ĽâͷųޱȵĽݺݵĹһˡ
ˣҶĶʦ֣ڣ
ǰȻҶ濴Ǽ˵ĳ࣬Ȼ沢֪˭˿̵ѩڷ裬ȻĹ֮£Ծ͸һ֮磬ͬǫǫһӢʱϳǶĽڣ
Ѫһţħ쿪ʼֱҶʦͽʮһˣÿһھ֮ڶǺպǵ󣬶κ΢е˵Ҳİ
ɿΪߣ۽ҲѰʿԱ⣬Ȼ֪ڵĴ
ʦ֣
Ҷͬ˾ϲĺȴǺܿ컯˳ŭ
Ϊʦָڳ򽣵Ĺû˿Ļ֮֮˺ۣѪ죡
Ƥ˻ֻΣɲǣھڵڣ֮УҲһɵĽڲϵķŹ
нĹԶԾ˺ֻǻ˿ڣ˿ۻһ̶ȣۻԶԾڵвʱʼںеĽ̾ͻըָ壬ꡣ
Щ룬˲ƺϵƣӶ򽣵Ĺ
ѹǰ˵ڻ֮صľֱһˣΪǰľܵһȣֵһᡣ
ҶھڵĳƺȻڻ֮еľ޷ȴ
¶ɻ֮ɫǰԼƿµĻ֮صĶȻǽڵʦܣ
ңڻֻĶʦ֣һɡ
Ѫ
Ժ֮ڸֳ֣ȻѪһÿ˵ݲδʵҲʲôܣжŲٹѪĴ˵
ҶȻüͷԣ˶ʦ֮⣬⻯֮ػи꣡
ҶĿȻ֮Уһʼղڵ£δ빥Ľ𽣣ڣ񣡡
꣬ھںͽıУץߣҲ֪ԭ˽ԼĶ֣ȫǶԷԼףŻ飬ߣΪʲôӶĶ顣
֮ҶûϢˣҲû֣ԭΪҲĴ֮УҪԼչַû뵽ȴ⻯֮С
ֻʲô
ҶƬ֮ˡ
ԭãǿ򽣣ܶʼ಻ĶԾڷ
ѾԼɽͱץ˻֮УԦ򽣣ԽڵĽ
ҶǱ𽣵Ľ֮Ͽ˽ףɢŽ֮ϣޱߵʹ࣬ȻڣⲢı⣬ȴ޷Υ
ڱץߵʱֻ꣬ȴΪҪӦ޾Ĺ⿿꣬޷̫õʱ䡣
ˣʱʱ̵̿Ĳڳ򽣹֮ϣ˲ͻǧ˿ڣȻƬ̣˿ϣٴγܹܶʼѭĻὫĥķ裡
ǣڵıȴʮƽ˫۽գ±ˣӢȴȻ͸ǫǫ֮磬һ˿Ц⡣
ʦ֣
ҶҲͲסֱ߽⻯֮ء
Ҷڵ۾ٿȻϵЦӵŨ֮⣬ûرķӦƺ֪Ҷһ
Сʦܣ
ʦ֣𼱣ȥ˽Ȼ;ȥ
ţڳסҶһǱΣûдοҪ
ðɣҶֻܺݺݵĵ۽ȴֽԼĳֺĿ⣬û˿ķӦȻѾʧɼˣȴȻ֮ɫ¶ɼĵıΡ
ʦ֣һҵĵȥĵӶȳƬ̡
΢Цŵ˵ͷ±۾ƽĳ֮ϵ֮¡
ҶҲٵ飬æԼԪ֮˾ڵ꣬ǻȥĵġ
ͬ滯ĹһڵǰҲһĳҶǰл涨һʱҶȻס


2195 һս
ʦ֣ڸоô
ҶСѯţҲ۾΢΢һЦ˵ͷȥ˽ԭ泩
Ǹʦ֣ûʲôرĸо
ûʲô˸ΣˣСʦܣ鷳һ£Ҿȳ񣡡
ʱ˿̣ȻѾָɣȴԾϥ򽣼Լ֮Ϲš
ȻҪ򽣣ʵǼǳ򵥵飬Ļýܵشɢɼ򽣹ҲҪҶȽȳ
ã
ҶӦһ˽ȴһ˿ɻΪղŹڶʦǰһ棬ʵ𺳵ʵڲ֪ʦֵΣû뵽ʲô
ȽĹ̺ܼ򵥣걻ĵǱԣҶԪ֮⿪˵ƣָ˹
֮ĽȻԼЩһж֪ļΪΪˣֱӹ˾ڵǰԸΪū̷𣬴ӶĶ顣
ûΪūͬԼߣǽͻһ𽣣˾ڵ
뿪Ƭ֮صʱҲͬʱ˹ʥս죡
ò˵ȷʮֻ飬֪ҶʱȣûɵĸվţȴҶھȳǳʱ䣬ѰҶҪҵˣҵս졣
ʦ֣
ʦܣ
Ҷ;ڶսĳƺԸӿ϶ԼĲ²⣬⼸ˣѪһŵˣ
սڵ֮Уտյûκεͬһ㣬ֻһϥյС
ǣս˫Բ쳣ſ֮Уϵķܸ֮ͷų˿ֲǿս⡣
ʦһǱ˻þ֮УĻþҲ϶ں˽֣սս֮
ҶѾ򵥵Ľ֮صĿĺø˾ڣһսӣͷ
ʦ֣ңȥʦ֣
Ҷһ仰󣬾ֱ磬ոճ֣ʼŵս죬ٿȻ̧ͷ
˫֮бǿ˼µս⣬ȻٴθǣȻֱջӳһȭҶݺݵĻ˹
ս죬ȭͬʱԼҲսʽһս޲ʤս֮֮ʵѾ˴󲿷ֵȫ£Ҷ˵ˣȫһȭ
ȭ̺ǿս޲ʤսµս⣬ȴʵֲ̫սܻ֮ս⣬¼ǿս⣡
һȭҶϣԭΪս϶棬;ͬݻþ֮Ужû˿ķ
ˣһȭϮǸܵеս⣬ҲӲӣ
֮򣡡
֮Ҷǰ۳˾ʮŲ㻤ֵģȴ˲ͱȫ飬ҶҲһ˲Ĺ㿪
ȴȻһ˿սӿڣֱ꣬ƺҪ˴ﵽȫһ㡣
Ԫ֮
Ԫ֮սԪͬʱҶҲǽԼԪ֮ƴæսȥ
𣡡
սͻȻվ˫Ѫ죬弱ͣ˰ߵľˣһսһ㣬صվûκεĶǿֲսȴԱȸղŸǿٶȣʩչ
ǲ
ս絶ֱӿ죡
ǲ
ս縫ֱأ
¡
սף֮䣬ȻҶԪ֮ƣҲ촷ۣ
սս⣬ƺҪ⻯֮ظдݻ٣
Ҷԭŵ飬˲ָƽһͬǿϢ֮ͷŶ
֪Ҫ뿿ս죬ҪµӰ죬Ҫģǻ
һһֲһֱʤľģһս޲ʤľ
أԴ֮һսս֮ߣ̸ף
οҶҪܵĲս죬ս֮
һ̣ҶľѪڴˣҶս֮ĿԻ㣬ڣȴǺԤϡ
ֲս⣬Ѿܵ˾޴ѹٲά衣
ﬣ
ʱȻһĽ𣬽Ҷ߰Ӱһʦ־ڣս𽣣Ѿվԡ
ս֮Ȼǿҵսⶼ˳Сʦܣ֣һսסһսǧŶҪ˵Ļ㻹ãʦֵӣǶˣ


2196 ֮ս
ڣվҶԣҶȴݷоĴڣܸоģֻһŲɣĳһ֮ΨҶеһ̹µľ֮磬Լһɷޱȵĳ
֮
ȻղҶѾڵĽĻȥô̵ʱڣھȻٴγɹ򣬵ٳɡ
֮
ս֮
Ԫ֮
ѪһŵλˣԸĵСС֮ڣͬһ㣬ͬʱڣ࿹⣡
վ棬жҪų֮Ĵս飬һҲѵһ顣
ңսǽ֮Ԫ֮սս֮
Ⲣ˵սս֮ҪǿҶ;ڵĵΪսʵõľ֮УĵΨһսԣʱӵ
ʵϣһսǲƽġ
ΪҶ;ڶҪ˼ɣܽս쵱Уȫ֣ƱҪ֤ս˺һ֮䣬Ҫ
Ȼս˵ȴûκεĹ˼ɣѾҶ;ڵУֵս֮ڳ֮ʱԻƴȫ󽫵ɱ
СС类ֳݣһݳޱս⣬һݳų⣬һݳŹԪ֮⣡
ʱ˿̣κ飬ܹ뵽統Уǵ񣬶룬ΪĺǻΪӣΪֵͬʱĶ
ֵ֮սƺɣʵΣոһ˭ĵв֧̾ͻᱻһɵԴֿ֮ȫݻ٣Ӷͷŵ֮ˣҲ˶ܵˣ
ǣҶ˵ĵ֮ս޷Ŀǰ⣬˶Ƭ֮
Ҷ;ͬʱˣ
ڣ
УɽɵĽ𽣣ųâڿл۳һ޴Σ
ΣȻǽڣ
ڵӰ˫֮ޱߵϸǴһְ£ɣâĺ֮£ƮƮڷ裬ɢ֮Ȼս죡
Ԫ֮ã
ҶΣɲǼ仯ÿζԪ֮ÿһҶжһŹ򣬹У
֮棬޷֮ʲôսУÿһ֮УȻһԼ
һͷųޱս⣬ƿս֮Լ
Ҷڼչʮһʱ䣬˵֮ãֻ˳һսʱ˳ѹΪʱδɹĶδɣϸ˵֮ãǵ
ȻڣҶѾԪ֮˿ٽ֮Ԫ֮УܻԪ֮ãȴʵʵĵΪǿ
Ҷ;ڳֵͬʱսҲˣ
˫ȭ
Ȼóսʽ֮Уǿһʽս˫
ֻڵս˫Ѿ˼µս⣬ˣ˫ȭ춯أ
һȭҶһȭڣ
䣡
˵Ĺͬʱײһ𣬱ͬʱҲ¶֮ɫ
ǣ
֮ڵǳͬһı֮ϣȻ˲䲼ơ
ӵе֧ŵĵ磬̶̳Ⱦ޷ģһ㣬֪ļΪ˲ŻҶȫǳõĻ֮ػᱻ顣
Ȼڣι̵Ļ֮أȻײ֮£гѷ죬Ȼܿ켴ױ
ô֪˵Ѿﵽ˺εȵĳ̶ȣ
ڲѾǱޱߵĹâ֣ȫ޷澿ʲô
ѾټԭأǼæԶ񱼶ȥ
ٵĻ֮صıըȫںĻ֮صıըʲôĺκ˶޷Ԥ⡣
ϾǧһǧŰپʮŵ֪ʲôΡ
¡
漸ʹ̵һ˲֪Զľ֮ڴһ죡
һɿֲ˴κηӦʱ䣬ֱӽԶȥ
飡
һ·֮ϣ涼֪Լײ˶ٵĵطƺѾ֧飬Լ
ò֮ͣ󣬵ͷȥȻ̲ס˿
ǿգҲ˿еģֻĴ
һ֮صıըܵ˾޴Ӱ죬ΪͬʱͬһƬǿеĵѪ۷Ӧ
ɫȻ䣬ã
˵֮󣬼̾뿪Ѫ۷ȴʱһЦȥɣӦ֮شıըɣ
Ѫ۷仰ȴõվӰͬʱҲǻָ侲Ѫ۷ȻѾըˣڸȥҲˣȫը꣬պеʱؽ


2197 ͬĴ
Ȼ˵ɣȴǵһʹĸо֮أǿ൱ĴۺʱſٶҪٴؽǸǲܵ顣
Ϊܸоĵǧ֮Уһս֮
ȱٵһûκΰ취ֲģӴ֮󣬴˵֮УԶȱһ
֮ȻҪںǰѪ۷
Ѫ۷ڵķӦֻ΢΢һЦٶ˵ʲô±۾ǰ̼ѾֻаƴС
Ѫ۵ķЦŵ棬ɲҪҶϽħɰɣһħɣҾǰ·ҵǸϺУһΣұؽߵɽţУΪˣκˣҶҲ޷ֹң

֮أ·Ѿδ֮ʱһƬ硣
ĴΪȻ֮ⶼ޷ȻҲ޷֪ҶڵΣǲҺƶΪ֪һսĺҶ;ӮˣǹȻǺ¡
սӮˣѾʧǣս֮ս죬һؽ·һ
澲վԭأҶĵĵȴš
ͬʱԭսڵĻ֮صλøȴǴһСʦܣ
ţҶ𣺡û£ʦҲû£ҵĵѾʦֵĵģʦԵƬ̣
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һŤ֮Уڵڻ֡
ȥƬ̶ѣȴǲʮһ㣬ӢѾһ壬ƺ֮磬ȴδٰ֡
󣬽𽣣ɱ
ҲȥܵǾ֮УҶķٴ¶һ˿ƣͰˣͬҶһμĵ֮ʱ͸һ
ӾڵĿ³˳һܿ뵽֮С
ӣСʦӦҲ֪ˣǾ˵ǸģԭҾǵ֮һ꣡
ڿЦҡҡͷɱǣҵ
ʦ֣
ʱҶȻ𣬴˾ڵСʦҶ𣡡
Сʦܣ
սôˣҺΣСʦܣôֻ
ʦ֣ǵ֮أרŽץȻ뻯֮أķ߻ӶжϳԷǷǵ֮ꡣҶ򵥵ĽţʦҲˡ
֮ꣿս֮гɻ󣬵ǵʦ֡ʱɻȴ̱ȡʦ֣ڣģ
ϵƣͱˣʱһɨգ¶ůЦݣڳ
֮УҶս֡
ˣ˴˶ӣƬ֮챬һЦ
ȻͬȻǴڵʱ䲻ͬȻǱ˴ֻǵһμ棬ǹͬĴУȴѽԷԼѪԼ֮С
Ҷʦ֣ʦ֣
սʦ֣Сʦܣ
ʦܣСʦܣǺܺã
˵ͬʱеңֱһͬĴЦȡ
λʦ֣ʵʦ࣬Ȫ֮Удʦԯ콾ھ֮У
ҶæλλʦֵҲ˵˳
˵Ѫһţʦ֮⣬ˣģ壬ߺϰˣǵ䣬Сʦ֪𣿡
ڵĻҶ˳ĬΪƺԶԸ𣬲Ըһμ䡣
սȴǶȻһߣ飿γ֣ȺһɱҼȻƴ·ϣҲҪɱ
ô£üͷͽԼӡ˲ڽ֮УֱҶĳֲѣָ˾ߣԶзȫ֪飬Ϊʲôս˺顣
ʦ֣ʦˣҶص̾˿κεϵ飬ϸ˵˳
֮ȫ˳ĬС
ٴľҶ˵δϵ˿֮ϣٴκݺݵһ
ǣڡ
ʦˣҲûΪһ˿лܱ꣬ͼաΨһҶеοĵطڵͼ˵ͱȽϸˣλʦģֻһ˿ܣҲƴȫ취ʦָ
ںս죬ȻͬʱֱĴҶļ֮ϡ
ƴȫǣѪһŵˣ


2198 ʱ
Ѫһţ
ĸ֣һݣһҫ
Ҷһ飬ǾҲһ˹¾սһ˶ʦŵصʦһͬ
ҶҲѵõĽİʱʼԼ֪ĹѪһ˵һһ˵
ʦŮ۷࣬˲֪ģǵı٣ȴҵУ
ʦֲ׶Ҳ䲻ʦһĴȴԾɴڣҩڻѪ֮С
ʦʦ䲻еõڼƷĴУ˫֮۾ǰͣѹ˺ԪҲշ˺ɽ
ʦУԾ䲻ҳɳʱܿӰӣΪңΪѪһţʵ̫̫࣬ң䣬ҲҸеģŲ֮ܲΪԼ·һ뵽Ѫһŵľף˵ѾˣֱڣȴȻټ
ҶĻٴҶļģ˶ţǿ϶ҲĺúõģѪһţʱ϶ܹȫ׵ģ
Ҷս춼ͷǹͬԸΡ
ʦأ
ʦ·ӦΪѰѪ۶䡣
ˣ֪ˣЦŵСʦܣ֮⣬ǷҪȣ
У
ǻʲôϽҵǸϽ뿪ҶȲҪʦֺʦˣ
Ҷ򵥵Ľ˳òˣ˷ֳ򣬿ʼɢѰҡ
ʧ֮еľںս죬Ҷϣ¶֮ɫ˫֮Уɱݺһȭĵ˶λʦ֣ҶгһգҪĵ
۾Ҷǰٴγǰһ棬ֹǾڵģսġ
˭Ҳ뵽˵ǰչֳһ棬Ȼһģһ
⣬ҲҶŭԭ
ֻǣԲὫԼĸκˣǶʦֺʦֱˣҲ˵
Ÿĵģ˶ʦֺʦ֮⣬ԼѪһ֮УҲˣ˵һ
ĻѪһŵĴڣֱһԹžеı
ҶȥеɱŭŲ뵽֮ܵС
ҵˣ
˵Ѱ֮УҶڵһҵ˳
˳ڵ磬ȻһƬ嫵ǿգǳ鲼ǿգޱȵѤã￴ȥԶ֮ҪĶࡣ
˳ӣ𵱳Ҷ֮ӣҪϼ֣ϣܸܵһŨ
æϹˣһĻ治˿ȷֻǸձץ
ץʱ䲻ᳬ꣡
¶Цĵһ⣬ҿӦòʱҪˣ
˳ϥǿյģǰڷһſתǳǲѪɫͨ˫ĶǳоȻһƬ貵ǿա
ֻеǿգ۶޷ٶȣϵıţںսĸ֣˫۾ʱ򣬶ۻңҪУҲ޷ĸо
ҲֻҶĴۣ֮ܲ谭˳˫ۡ
ƿĿ⣬Ҷĵȷ⣬ĵ֮Ҫ㾡ǿ֮еÿһǳ
䣡
Ҷµͬʱ˳ǰǿǳͻȻը˿Ȼžһǳ˹˳ǰ˳ǿյתٶȣٴμӿ˼֣ȻòҲ֮˼֡
֮֮⺢ӣȻֵܹ
𾪵ĵ
ǰҿӣҲ֪˶ٿǳŻϵ̶ֳȡ
ȥ
涼ܿĳ˳յĻֻвʱʱˣҶȻ˿ĵ顣
Ҷ̤˻֮أȻոս˲䣬˳˫֮жȻһŹâеǳһ
âֻһţֵΣȴҶ˵ȫ¶˾֮ɫ
Ϊ˳йâƬǿ֮еǳȻȫıλãľҲܿĳǳλõĸı䣬γһ󷨣Ҷסˣ
ʵˣ֮еҶеһȫˣԼˣޱȵСþһֻһ̧ͷȥȫǾ޴еµǳ


2199 ˳İʾ
˳ʧȥǣһֱܵ״̬ڲÿǳȻκδƬˣԶչ
ķʽҲǼΪر𣬾ǲ
ʵ֮һ֣˵רΪ֮ġ
Ȼ˳սǿĵֵĻ涼׽ܣ֮ȴʵǿĿ£
ֶܣǳó󷨣еҶоѡ
УҶоԼѾС˼£һȥǾ޴޷ݵǳֻҪԼһЩǳҲƶӶ赲סԼǰĵ·
ľڵˣǶ󷨸һϲͨԼæҲﲻϣǳУǿнǳһ飬пƵ󷨡
һڲٿش˳ȻҲм˺Σա
ˣҶ޷κˣֻƾԼƿ󷨣˳ߡ
Ψһеѹľʱ䣡
˳ʣʱ䲻ˣʱǰҶ棬ǻȥģʱʱ䡣
Ҳ˵Ҷ̿ʼ˳ʱ϶һü˵ҪƿԷޱȵ󷨣
ҶһǿԼ侲ԽΣԼԽǲľ
̧ͷž޴ǳҶ˫֮УѾâֱʣâ֮УƷ˸
Ǵ֮۴ҶһνȫͷţΪľҪ쿴󷨣Ӷҵƽ֮
ȻЩǳʵ̫Сˣܹ֮һǳ̲صƣҪ뽫ƶǲܵ¡
ǿ˲串ǳǿƣҲ޲
ҶžȭͷԼѾǸǳȻһȭȥ
䣡
޴ײǳ֮ϣȴͬʯһ㣬˷һ֮⣬޷ǳκεƻ
ռ䷨򣬶תƣ
Ҷʩչռ䷨ҪԼתƵǳĳλãǷ֮ľ޴֮£ȻҲȫʧЧ
󣡡
ҶٿȻͣСٵıʮɣɣͬʱЩǳȻҲͬٶڱ
ҶǧɣЩǳǰԾСֻϣ
Ԫ֮Ԫ
ҶͷųƣһǳӵȥҪԪ֮ĹԪ֮ǳΪԴ
ǾͬղŵĿռ䷨һûǳ֮Уʧ٣һ˿û
ҶˣȻԼĸڣΪ󷨵ãԼϵľ޴죬ȴǻɲʲôó
ʲô취޷ƿ󷨷ֺ
ô죡
ҶпٵתͷͻȻһ뵽һ˾벻ͷ
᲻֮ǰ㵽˻һĵ㵽ʧǵ£󷨽סǵĻôȻһ㰵ʾܹƿ󣬴Ӷȳ
ͷκ˶뵽ǲȥ룬Ҳֻк˳ཻĪ棬˴˿ԺԥиҶŸȥ롣
ǽϣ˳ϣѾʧǵ˳Լϣ
ʾģ
Ҷл˺˳ֿʱĻ档
ҶֳֺɽĽ⣬Ѿ˳üģֻҪǰ΢ϰ磬ܳ˳𣬲ȴԼĿֹ
ʱ֮϶Ȼ˵ֱۣſָ¡
ԭԼΪֱץԼģ׼ԪͼǾʱ˳ȴǶȻֹҪĻᣬԸģҵһڶˣˣ
󣬵ֹȻһѽ˳ץ
ץסе˳ָ˲СݵķλȻĴЦЦ֮һһԳһֱС
ĿԼһۣȻȴԼܹԭҾǸԸıֵı

ҶĻ䵽˽ҲȻ۾͸Χ޴ǳ˫ͨ죬Ծڲǳ˳
˳Ǹıֵı
᲻Լƿǰ󷨵İʾ
ֻⰵʾʲô˼

Ҷ˳ظĸ֣Ȼ۾һˣ󷨵ıǳҲ󷨵ۣ֮ͬеСһ


2200 Ĭ
󷨵Ĺؼۣ󷨣úĸԴڡ
ֻҪܹҵۣô˼ϣ
ڣȻҶ֪۾˳ôУܿķ
Ҷһ̧֣һƷӿ֣˲֮۳һŹ
ţҶ̧֣ӿ֣۳һ֧˹֮ϡ
Ҷң׼ˡ˳
һĻȫ¶֮ɫȫ벻ͨӦȫҶΪʲôȥ󣬷Ҫ˳
ң˳ȫ֮УȫޣһжзӦȥԿκι
ҶʵȫһԿ׾ٵɱ˳
ѵ˵ҶѾ󣬶ҪϽɱ˳ѣ
Ȼ˵жɻ󲻽⣬˭ҲûпڣȻԭĬĬעţǲʶ˳˽Ҷ
ȻҶϧðΣգһһȳˣôȻ˲ʵȥɱ˳
Ҷ£ֻҪסָͷһɣ֧֮ͻ˳
һ̣ҶɫȻƽޱȣȴҲǳͲ
ΪһĲ²Ǵģ˳ûκεİʾôһ˳ɣ
䣬ǲ䣿
ʱݷֹ
ҶŹͬһһ㣬޴ǳ֮УǰԶ˳˫ͨ죬ǳתƺҲֹͣ
ڣҶסָٿȻɿ
ݣ
֮һ춯صĺХ˹ң˳˹ȥ
ǷɳȥļҶĿ㣬һһܾ㣡
ովֹʱ䣬Ҷһ֮»ָţֻٶȴǷ˼ࡣ
ͿֻڿзУһһž޴ǳڣ˳ǰ
꣡
˳ţûУû˿谭
ҶȻ׼˳֮ǹѡ˲λãĲ´ˣٻܸ˳һ
ˣ
˳嶸ȻҵĲǳٴηתƶԶԶȥоȻ磡
飡
ʱҶΧž޴ǳȻ̷˱ը֮
棬âʣ磬һѤõĻһ㣬Ҷ˳
ǳıը󷨣ȻҲǲơ
Ҷ۾³һ֪Լ¶ˣ
Լ˳һ˳ҲͬҶԻ뵽Լµİʾ
ԭһ޴󣬼ƿҲҪѼʱ󷨣ȴһ˲䣬ȫⲻ˳Ⱦ㵽ҸҶ˰ʾ˭뵽أ
٣ô֪ǸҪȵˣۣͰ͵ʵ
Ȼ˲󷨣Ƕڻۻ˽ģǰľȻ֪˳ۣҶ˳ۣҲͻ󷨡
΢΢һЦ֪ͬСʦһһ
仰治սȴҲ¶΢Ц˵ͷ
һĬһָĬ
еǳը֮Ҷ̳ܵͿвµľ޴ʯŲƬ֮£˳ߡ
֧Ѿȫû˳ڣ»Ԫ֮ƣʼȥ˳ĵġ
˿̵˳Ȼ˫ĿԲȴʧ٣еֻޱߵ峺ƽ
Ҷϥ˳ǰһ㣬ǰһǳҲ׷飬Ȼ۾
˳ҶĿ˳ĵġ
ȻģȴҶüͷΪ˳ĵģȻֻһ룡
Ҷ֪˳ԭûȫ֮ǼȻѾڴ˵أ϶Ӧȫˡ
һĵģʹδܳɹֻһ롣
ҶţԵʵԲûз˳ĵֻһ룬Ծɽ˳ץ˹ҲζţڵУ˳ǳɹߡ
Ҷ벻ֻͨʱŵһߣһĵģȫĵģҶҪȫܽ˳ȳ
ͬڻĹ̵У˳һĻҲǲϵҶǰ֡
Щ棬ҶȴʮֵϤΪкܶ࣬˳ͬġ
ܿ죬˳һĻˣҶҲе棬˳ǰʲôжٸǰ
ȷлˣȻֻһ棬֮һˣˣҶȻ䡱һ£ֱӱ
Ϊгֵˣ˳ǡ


2201 
У
ڴ˳ǰһ֮УֵľȻҶİʦ֡У
ҶѾ棬ս;ֻתĻ棬ս;˵һȫͬ
ĻһޣǴ޵УʮճΪһĴߡ
Ȼʱ˿̣ǰĻ֮УȴԼİʦ֣С
һλɫۣͷڽʿȷǷ΢ЦƵ壬ƺһо֮Уƺκܹò
վһƬ֮Уǳǵ˫ۣƺԽʱգҶĿԣ
ȻкȻſͣ³֣ȻûκĴǴĿУҶԿ˵ǡ
涸ȻʧǰԾ˳ҶȴǴվ˼ǧ
ģҶ侲ʼ˼˳һС
ѵ˵˳ǰʦֵת
˵ǼпܵģΪЩ棬ľÿÿһľкų㣬㾡֮£˳ǽһ֮ⷽ棬ҪС
ˣһ˵Ļǵܽ͵ͨܶ⣡
Ҷ벻ͨǣ˳תֻأΪʲô˵Ķ̣
ͻȻֵУô˳ֻһ
棬Ϊ֮һľںս죬ǶźܶǰһһۻֱΪǣ
㳯ǰʦֵתҵԪ֮ӦûܼܣʦֵתȫչֳҶüͷ壺ܲ˵߰ʦ֣һֻľ
ңеİʦ֣ƺ׼һῴһȻڸ˵ָ֡ʲô
˵ԼǸıֵıҲΪ仰ƿ󷨣лὫȳǰʦ˵ıִʲô˼
У֮ĵΪʲôֻһ룿
ҶԺ֮зȥҪԴ
ʱһ΢𣺡
ҶȻعǰѾѹ˳һǰסûˣ
˳ǰУԼİʦ֣Ҷܾе㲻ԣôദҲܽƾһ棬Ľ˳Լİʦ֡
ڵ˳òԱղ˲٣Ҳʮ󣬶弫ΪЩ֮йء
֮֮ʿУ֮٣֮Уٸ֮ϼ棬ҪܵͷĴۣ٣һֳͷ
˳Ҷ¶һЦݵ־ң
ԼԼûİʾҲģˣȱ˵ˣȺúϢҴ뿪
ҶкܶҪѯ˳ģǿﻹҶ⣬æ뿪֮ء
ӭ˳Ҳ΢΢֣һ
򵥵ĺ֮󣬾һָԾɱܵСʦܣǼ֮⣬һٶߣ罫ȫȳɣ
Ҷǰ֪ܹһһʮߣԼȳˣʣһһʮˡ
ȻҲ뽫ǾȳǾһҪʱһٶ˾ҲСһµʱ䡣
΢һҶڵɣȥҿ˭ǿҪģҾȽ˭ȳˣҽ֮ǡ
ҶʵڵȻڻȪڽսˣǵΪֹΪɵûг֣ʵڲﵢ̫õʱ䡣
̾ҪǰȥѰҿҪ֮ˣڿ˿ܵСʦܣܲܽطߣ
⵹һȫİ취ϾҪ볹ɱȪˣҪȪȥһ֮رȻҲܵпܻٵܽȫߣȻá
ҶͷԿ
ͬڷսһÿһ֮أȻ޸Ƽһ㣬ʵȴ֮ͬһҶʹ
Ҷ׼ʱ˳ȻڵӦһߣʵϲߵ˵Ĵڣҵҽܣܽȫߡ
ô֪ģʵ
Ҷȴǵһ۵Ҹղ˵ˣֵܸ֮¼ֻҪ֪飬ûв֪ģ
ҶΪȻ˳֮ͨģȴûпԼϵ˳ȴ¶һɬЦݣ촽⶯ţݿͣѿ˵ĺȻҲ֡


2202 ңҲǵ
ĸ˷ɢѰ⻯֮еߣԭҶ뽫˳úһ˳ȴִⲻϣ˵ԭ֣ۿǸߣʵϲߵˡ
˺ܿʣһһʮߣοǣЩûмҪģҲ˵ܽߣôͻ㹻ʱǡ
Ȼ˳ҪѰҵǸˣҲУϧǿ
ҶĴ֮ʱȫóһһʮߵӹ֮ҵˡ
һ۴κη˵ǼΪƽӣֶ˶Ѿ;Բҵġ
һϮ۵ĻɫϥһƬĮ֮У˫ĿգɫȻƽƽ֮ȴ̺һ˿˿ߵȫͬҲǴڻ֮С
֮ҶϳΪϣҶ˲ֹһֵƣǺ֣ܶһһʮֻҪࡣ
ֻЩƲȶڲϵı֮С
濴ӣȻüͷطҸղź˲ңҲһƬĮ
֮صĻǸĵɣǹ̶ģĻҲ֤˴˲ߡ
ҶͷĵΪ࣬Ҵڲϱ任Ĺ̵Уеһֲɳ֮ΪˣĻŻһƬĮɣ
Ҷ£ͻȻǰһƬĮеÿһɳӷǣע֮£еɳɲǼը˿ޱߵ
һĻǰĻĮ
ͬʱӵòҲʼ仯ԭȵˣˡ
֮ҶҲǼæڵڸղûб仯ɳ֮ˣ֮
ȻˣܵĻԼòǸǲĵ仯ġ
ˣ˭
˳ѾҶıͬǰӣ¶ɻ֮ɫˣңˣҲӦǵ񣡡
񣡡
˶ʱʧɫҶȴץס˳ǰ仰˵ˣ㣿
˳ЦŵҵӦѾ֪һ
Ҷûн˳ǰпе˵Ϊһ˵ôǾͻ֪Լܹǵǰھںս˵ġԪҶʱ֪
ڼȻ˳ô˵ǴȻԼҲ֪ˣ͵ɻĿ⣬Ҷ΢һͷ֪ӦҰʦеת
һڣսȫס
Ǿںս죬ͬΪѪһţǰҶ˵ֵľе䣬Ӧóˣֱڶû¶˿ټȻû뵽仰ո˵ûãоȻͳˣ
Ȼת˳
˳ǵ˵ͷȴҡҡͷȶԣҲԣҵȷйأ˵תĿǰԼ޷϶Ϊ˵ףʵҾһ
Ǳ
Ҷ뵽˳ǰпУټǰ˳Ѿֹһˣ
⵽ô£ҶҲ˲ˣУߣһɹľͻԲĵģȴֻһ룡
Ϊ˳Ĭˣƺ˼Լ׸λش⣬֮ŽŵΪұӦþֻһ룡
ȻɻҶҲ˳˼ʲôֻһ룿
˳һָǰǸӵض֪ǵ֮꣬ΪԼǿʼѰ˻꣬ҵһ꣬ɣˣһ꣡
ȷ˶Ѿ֪飬Ѿһ꣬Ȼû뵽һ꣬Ȼŵ֮С
ѹڵĻòڲϱأԭǵ֮һ꣡˶ǻȻ
дܻǧľǧеһֻ֣Ϊ꣬ȻҲǧԸʱռĵƣıòĻ
˳ֵ֮⣬һ꣬ҲУ
ʲô
ϰˣ
ٴξ
˳ͷ֮Ż꣬ʵԭû͸𣬾ͬ˵һ˴˹ƽȴڣֻΪѵĳ̶Ȳͬͷųͬѣ͸ĸǵ֮Լ˵ġ
ԣȻܹѣĵȻҲܾѣ
һڱֲɵʱѾѣΪ˱ⱻɵˣͽԼһΪһݾһݣȴٴתֻ֮󣬱У


2203 ɱ
˳ⷬͣȫĬҶλߣҲо˲˼飬ԭ֮Ż꣬û֣֮
ֻѵ磬ԳΪ˵񣬲ԷΪ꣬Ҫĵ꣬Ϊһĵ꣡
Ŀģʵ뽫Լĵ꣡
ȻоŻ꣬ôŻһ֮󣬲ĵ꣬ôһ죬˭Ҳ֪ĵ꣬ʲôһִڡ
ǾŸ궼ԴڣǾŸںϳΪһȫµĵ꣬ǣһ꣬ǿ˸꣬ԼΪĵꣿ
Ȼһּ裬ǵϣ
˳ŵǺãǾ仰ȻܾѣĵȻҲܾѣҸӵиԵ־ҪںϵĻƾʲôҪ꣬Ϊĵꣿ
ԭĵ꣬ȷһ壬ǵѳɾŸ֮󣬲ҳ׷ɢ֮󣬵Ѿûˣֻʣ¾Ÿڵ
Ҳ֪ĵôģҿԿ϶ǰ꣬ϣںϣϣٳΪľŷ֮һĸԸΪһڣԶĴȥ
˳˵ⷬʱ۾ŵǾڣսˣȻѾ֪ǵ֮һ
ҲԼ֪ˣսȴԾǱڹ
Ҷȴǿˣвĸֳǰھںսǰȫͬһ棡
Ǹ֮Уһòˣͬһ֮һ㣬˫м䣬ȴһʵĹ⣬ķһ統С
ȻҶǸ˵òȴԿ϶Ǹ˾ǵ񣬶ʵĹ⣬ͷֱǾںս죡
壬ʮֺ⣬ǵݵ꣬統УӶǸԵתֻ֮ã
Ҷеŭ𾪵ĵط
ΪҲ˵ˣս;ڣ˵ˣһһεǰֱ̣һǳΪѪһŵĴˣΪߣһеı󣬶ŵӰӣ
Ҷһ뵽ÿһÿһľܿܶǵͷβڿţ
Ҷ̽ѰԼʱ򣬾ģԼ᲻Ѫۺ˿⡰족ģԼоԼˣһֻεĴڲٿأĻԼû˿壬ȫڱ˵İ£ͬľżһ
룬˰ˣˣ˺ӣ˺뿪ˣ⣬ҲãҲãЩ޷Ԥϵ飬Щ䣬󱯴ϲһ𣬹һ˵һ
Ȼһʵ϶Ǳ˰źõģڽ㰮ˣΪڱٿţѿʵҲɱ˹ġ
㣬Ȼţȴͬʬһ㣬Ϊ֮ܶΪ֮ŬΪ֮ˣΪ֮˵һһУڱ˵ļƻ֮С
һô£ôɱ飡
ҿҶǣĳе⣬оԼܶģûڱٿأ
Ȼڣλʦ֣ںս죬ǵȴпǱ˲ٿأǵĳǵǵİʦǵһжǰձ˵˼ձ趨õľ籾һߵ˽졣
ˣȻǵ
Ȼ֪ΪʲôҪôǴ˺˾ںսˣҲҶԲ̣ƱҪ񻯵
ȻҲһ˵ˣʵҵ˾ںս꣬ǳ֮⣬˶Ϊûҵпܣҵеĵ꣬ûмȥɣǽЩ꣬һ統УתӵǰԼ趨ţ
ΪԲǵʱģȻһıһΪֻԼı
Ҷ벻ͨ˳ĻȴǸ
֮Żܾ꣬ѵĻӵԼ־ôȻıһɣĿģҲΪĥļ䣬Ǽã֪źñɣ
ǣľǴ
Ҷ޷϶ǲԲ鷢Լʦ֣ɵĵҲУ
ʱ˳ٴ𣺡ʵ꣬ȻֳַһݣתΪУ˵ӦþеתһݵתܾãһȱٵʲôΪûΪļ䣡һ㶼ûУ


2204 Ǳ
ûΪļ䣡
ظ仰ʱҶв¶ıˣһ
ҲʦѾָΪм䣬Ѿ֪ÿһľڵİ¶ԣŻ˱ˡ
ʦ֣ǲǶˣҶھڵ
̧ͷҶЦŵ˵ͷͬԴӦں֮ǰͿʼһЩΣһЩϡŹֵΣֱǰ㽫ҵĵȥٴں̵ܶʱڣеζһ飬Ҳ֪Ķˣ
Ȼ
֪ԼʱŻֱ˺Σң޷ȥٿˣΪ㲻Ƕ֣
ѹΪľڣĸԸɢȥԼ״̬ԼһʯнС
ֱӿֻķʽϣıԼˣϣ񣬿˭ܿ϶뵽ַʽҲڵİأ
̫ɱˣ
ҶȻ˾ڵļ֮ϣԼĿǵʦ֣ҵ˵ڵ㣬ǽڣ
ҶҪ˼ǳȷھǾڣκˣǵתҲԾֻǾڣ
΢΢һЦĵ˵ͷսȴɻĿʦֵܶˣȻΪ꣬ȴʲôҲûҶҲʱ׼֪Ͼʱ֪ҲһҸ
˳ӣȻҶⷬе˼ͬĵ˵ͷǰҾңҾ˳
ǵģ˳ҶЦҲ˳ļԶҪҵİʦ֣Ⱳûϣˣ
˭˭תǰʲô㣬㣬κˣ
Ҷ뷨ǰһжṇ̀ɢʱĳ֮УǣԶǽ
ˣҶ½Ŀ⿴ǰӵҪеĻ֮ضߣǲǾҪȽܣߣɱ
ˣ˳ҡҡͷҲΪǸطģܴڿǵӦһƺҲϣܹĵȥ
ӼȻǵ꣬ôȻǧҪ뽫ĵȥ붼ÿ£֪ҪѶٵʱ䡣
ҪҪУβܽطأ
˳ŵԿܷںϣ
У
ҶܾҸող˵˳ҪȥںϣѵôҪҵİʦ֣
˳Цŵ˼ףҲϣҾңкйأֵȷѳģҲʵĨɱԣӦܹںϣҲҪΪ˭ֻҪطߣ
գ˳˵Ҷ˵ע֮£߽ǰӵĻ֮ء
Ҷʼƴһ˳Σգͻԥĳ֣ǳɱҲϧ
ܣǵ꣬Ӻп϶йأǶҶ˵ֻʶֵ˳
˳ûκ谭ߵӵǰȶȻʳָĵӵü֮ϡ
ʱ˳˫֮ٴγŲתǳҲȻ۾峺ˮ΢Ц
ҶվǰԿҲΪ֮Ŀ⾹ȻֱĿԼ촽⶯˵֡
ȻǱ
Ҷ۾ٿȻ󣬸ղ˳˵ԼǱǾԭû˵ǰ꣬ȻҲԼ˵˱֣ͬԼһ
⵽ô£
ѵǵ꣬ǰʦ֣ϣȥҵǿеıǳ𣿻Ҫȥʲô
ҶзɿתͷͻȻ֮䣬һԼŵͷð˳Ѳɣ˳֮⣬һ
ʱ֮еǸͻȻĻһŹâֱ˳˳üĵʳָ˳ڣתۼʧ١

Ҷ˳ʲô⣬æ˽ȥ
û£˳ϴɻԼڣ֣ȻԶԭĵλã
ʱ˿̣˳ԭӦŰŵĵĵطȴǶһʵĹâ֮ǰҶھںսǰģŵŹâ
⵹ǿҶӿ϶ӣȻǵ֮һ
ʲôо
ûУûйڵļ䣬Ҳûĸо˳̧ͷ棬ŵڿʱߣ


2205 Ȫ֮
壬ȻҵĲȻٴվΪܸоĵԼ֮أѾȡߣ
˵ֱӲıȥһͷһŭ˼£ǣǰѾһж֪Ѫ۷ȴǿнַŭѹ
Ҷȡҵ֮أ꣬㽫춼ߣΣţʱˣ綼ҵģڣʹʹɣ
˵ⷬҰοĻ֮󣬵ƺƽ£ǰѪ۷
ȻƬ֮ȴٴվ𣬺޺޵һŵУҪԵͷΪȪ֮ڸһٵȪ
֮УͻȻֳһӰӣһ֮࣬Ҳʧ
ȪۺУԭ˧κҹεĸۡλ֮ϣվʮˣܷԲǧ֮ڣǿյģʲôûУ
ʮŴ˧ܣĴй٣ȫ˼һ㣬ʧ١
ʬ嶼ûУһѪûʣ£
Ҷһ£ĮվڿУ˫ĿգѪڵ֮ϣƵѪǰҪӵŨ
лȪ˵ȷˣǵĩѪ˲仯Ϊ壬ȻȫѪɡ
ڣսѾ
ٴθĻȪˣҶȡѹԵʤȻ󲿷ֵ˶ˣȴûһս
Ϊ˱ȪܹƵĸÿڳ֮ʱ㾡ȫԷɷǣ
ȷֹǵĸֵǣǺųƻȪֱ֮Ҳδ֣ԾҶŻ֮ϣʱֵ׼
ڣԶӰǣٴվǿҶ֮ʱȴǳһ
ҶѪҶͬʱۣҶȴûκηӦ

ۼ⣬һ˳ʱһУֱӳ˹ѩˣҲ¶΢Цӭǰ
֪㲻
Ǻĸ˳һȭú̲ס죬Ҫ֪ǸղŻǿнǧŰپʮŸ֮Ҷ磬ܵ˺ûûصһ¡
ˣȴҲ¶Цݣ¼䣬ʲôܹȵظ˿أ
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ڵĿȺ֮ɨκֱָӾϣҲͬעžڣǰһĵʦ֣
ĬѪһŹͬĴУÿ֮乲еĬ
Ҫ֪ս֮ǰڷսʱ˴࣬Ǿںʹȴǵһμ棬ȴֱϳԷ
ܴų˿ؾҪǴʱ˿̣ھڵǰȴǱһӣ˫֮жһ
У˵ʵֱӣÿ˶⣬Ϊ֮еˡ
ս죬˱ҪȥԼ棬ȴӲסûȥĸʦֵ֮žۡ
䣡
ʱ֮϶Ȼһ죬˼æ̧ͷȥֻʼľҶ˿պɽâǣʣԪԴԴϵӿγһɿֲĲ
ǰվһòӰ

Ҷһ뵽˶ԷݣӦþǸܺ͵ƽƽĻȪ֮
Ʒŵ
Ȼ˳ȴҡҡͷɫصĵ񣬻˵Ӧǵķ
˳ĵ֮һ꣬Ȼδܻõļ䣬ȴܸоĳԷǵķ
Ҷɱ֣ĵԭǵķѹܺ͵ƽƽأŪ飬Ȼˣͱˣ
Ҷԥһ˹ȥȻ顱һɽĽھһߵĵطͣƺһεǽ
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Ȼ貵Ĺâӵ֮𣺡ǲҪһȪ𣬽죬ҳȫǣͬȪһᣡȪ
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һըӻȪĸشʯľ޴㳡ʼǳ˱˰Ĺ㳡ʼǲӿʼۺǿʼ
Ȫʼ
Ҷһ˦Ҫͬǰ˶Լ֮У˦ȴȻס
е˿վԭأԼ޷뱾ڡ
ҶΣҿܾȼˣ


2206 Э
ķΪȪ֮ڻȪ֮ӵ޿˻Ȫ֮еĿռ䷨򣬴ӶеˣҶ޷߱ٽκζǸԿٳĶС統С
񲻻ɱҶڵҲһܹɱҶҶΪѾ׼ŭҪҶͷһĴۣۣҶߺѵ
ϧݻȪҲҪҶһںᣡ
Ϊ˲Ȫ֮սҶ߼ӵսȫ˳
ԼĻȪ޷ʱӳǵȴǵľ
ȫ
Ҷһڵ֮ͬˮһ㣬ӵγһ޴Ļ֣˶
ͬʱҲѾԷֿһϣһڵϣֱѰ뿪Ȫİ취
ҶԼѱˣܱǣ
ٴͬʱڻȪ֮Уʼֳһһĵơ
Щƣǧÿһƾ൱һӵױȵ֮ݣݿһ㣬ȥһУκζ޷赲סǰͷ
ȪЩƵļѹ֮£൱ڱһֽٱһš
󣡡˳ϾĵǵԵƲóĵ󡣡
Ҷٵʵİ취𣿡
Ҫ˵󷨵ƿأ֮Уͬڣ˳ϵڶǾû˸ҳƵһڼȻǰΣһ󷨣ǵͨȻϣ˳ϡ
󣬾ԾƽķֻǵҴûмȡʱ䣡
˳Ҳ˲ԼˣںǵĲ£ߵҶֵıԵ˫֮ٴγǳʼ֮
䣡
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ʧ٣һȴȻҪԴΣǲܵġ
һߣѪҶҲҪƣȻͬġ
ȻҶȴƺǲԸʵг˺ɽѪҶҲǼٸеߣˮϵʥ䶦ֶҶΪĬͬʱٿʥٴһֵƳ˹ȥ
Ҫʥ֮ٴγԣ
Ծɲ䣡
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ǣƵ𽥱ƽܵѹҲԽԽʼ𽥱ΣҶòҧ֡
ҶѪҶѾߵһǣҶУҲͬʱͷųԵҶά֡
ǼˣҶҲоԼǱͨˣȴһɽ
ֵ棬˿ĿеһжѾޣܵŸߴɵ쫷磬ĺƣһ಻ϵĴ׳
ĩյľ
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ƼҪ˷£޴ѹѹ÷ַ˲֮ҿʼΡ
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ڣ
ֳһõľڣ΢Цվͬ˷֡
죡
༸ͬʱг칭ϾȻžŸڴŭУŸͬʱɳŸ㣬˷֮С
ȻĿǰΪϵͣһ̣ȴԥĽȫʩչΪĿҶһееһС
Ѫһţһͬʱ֣϶ԿżĻȪ磡
һĻȻȾˣٺһЦҲ֪ͳһƺʹĹһڣͻȻ죬һˮ˷֡
þƣ
췢Ǻ߿źɫǳͷ֣Ȼߵڹ⣬֡
зŲϣԺ֮Уһ黨𣬳һڡ
ѩɣϵʥ۾Юűѩ֣Ȼ˲佫Ӷ
ٴλʥľ壬ȻֱӵԼ˷֡
ħ죬ʥ룬ʥ䣬޲ԼͬĽŴֱԴס˷֣ͬޱȵһ㣬֧ס֡
Эͬʱ֣ӲĽҶͷųֶ粻Ϯơ


2207 
ȻЭÿ˶ޱʹԼÿһǵԾɳǵ
Ƽѹ֮£ֵڲϵıѹѾԭ׵ķΧ˽һ롣
ȻеˣҲǲϵƶԼλãѾతһ𣬿Ǽˣȴûһ˵ûһ˿ѯ˳Ҫõʱ䡣
ĬΣ
Ƕûȥ룬һ˳벻ķֻΣ
ڣڷֵСѾʮ׵ʱ˳ڿڵҵֻ֮ǣܹһѣȻĻʱˣ
˵ͬʱ˳Ѿʼˣ
Ȼʱ˳ҲľԴУζҪһ¡
пʼһһĵƣĵƺеĵƣͼҪӵĶࡣ
Ȼƣ֮ˣ°ҶڣҶ࿴Ϊ׾ͻУ޷԰Ρ
ҶʱȴΪ˳Ƿ˼뵽ᣡ
շɷ˴ӦԼȥǰԼʱ䣬Ӧõˣ
˵Ҳ֣κιȫߵƣƫƫ˳ʱȴûʲôֿ
һǸ̾ͻͬڻıһڲʼ߽⡣
֮Ȼľôս쿴һĻ΢΢ü˵ĵɻ󣺡Ϊʲôϰ˻Ҫôĵ֮ƿأӦÿԷɰ
ȫֵ˳ͷҲصĵսǰ֮ȻⲢĹؼʵϣС󹹳ɵģÿһƣһ󷨣ģһȥÿСеۣӶﵽȥĿġ
ΪƵʵ̫࣬ѰÿСҲҪһʱ䣬ҪһܣһʱϾͻ
˳˵ɣȴĿɿڴ
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ѹ˵ĹЩƸ𲻵κεЧأ
˳ȻܹҵÿСۣҼƻȻ˵Ҫһʱ䣬˿˲飡
˵ôṦ򣬱ƵĵƣҲгɰǧˣ
ڣ˶˳Ŀ£һ˽ˣ
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ȻʱͻȻһͬԶԶҶʩô
ǳշ
Ҷһϲڸˣ
˳ָ£˿ʼ湥Ȫ磬Ҷڲ߽
Ӧ֮£ڻȪ缴ױɲǣҶˣɹ˳ȥ
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ûͻȻ֣ôҶ˳ͬʱҲԲڻȪױ֮ǰ˾ȳ
ĳ֣Ťת棬ȻõŭѣУҶ֮⣬ȴֶһ˳
֮Ϊֻ֮ȻҶ͸ǵ꣬ҲУǣȴֲ񣡹ȻǱ
ͻȻȻֳâǱô֮ȻץߣǲǸļƻĿģƻһУƻⱾðҵԸеһУ
ǰǺˣӣҪֻҵУԿ㣬ǣУ㾿أ

ٴվĴ֮ϣ˶ǳһҶҲ˿ֱӽȫͻ磬ֻԼλʦֺ˳
Ҷʩ˼һշ𿪿ڵ
޷ʱ򣡡
βķҸǴӵеȫܹٶˣȫ뻮һվǵ
ʱķҲ˾ڵˣѪһŵˣǵȻҲİ˴໥֮˵ĿⶼҶһʲô
Ҷȴ΢΢һЦ˳ļ˼ʦĻˣ


2208 ͬ
λȪһУ˵ҶǴȫʤɹľȳʦֺ˳ŻһٶλߣҾȻûһһĴݻٵȪǶԵ˲СĴ
˵ҶҪĿʵѾʵ֣Ψ𣬷ϵ˵ûҵ
ֻǣڼ뿪ڵҲԲͬ⣬ҶȪʱ䣬ɵĴѾ¾ۼ˻ȪĸȴҶǵĳ֡
˵ļʱ֣Էеֽ֮ڴҶͬʱҲתƵλãپ֮Ű֮ңʱֱ
ȻҲҪ취
˳һЦҿһֱڻ֮У淢˽⣬ҳıߣǲҲӦȽĿǰĴҰ
˳һ֪ںսҲˣҶϸĽ֮Ĵ˵˳
Ҷ˵֮󣬳շҲڵʱȷˣڰ˴磬Ѿ½ʼ˵·ˡ
·˳ü˵ǰ·Ӧþǵ񣬿ֱȻδ뿪˵û׼ãʵҪ׼ʲôȻҪôõʱ䣿
ӦúѪ۷йأҶŵ
Ѫ۷ħħ˳Ŀķɨ֮󣬽ŵħĿģӦ뽫ħȫɣΪһ壡
Ϊһ壡
뷨ò˵ΪˣԹûܹɹϾ˵Ҫͬʱֵͱͬʱֵǲܵ飡
Ȼ;ͬ飬Ǳ˴ֵȴǴͬħǴྶͥ
˵Ϊôħа֮ǽа֮䡣
룬¼˭أ
ͬĺԻ߻ħɢ
˶˳˵һ̬ȣҲԲͬΪܹ꣬ɵķʽȡ˵ĵǵͬڵʱҲսʱ
˵ɣ˳ȴޱƽĿ⿴Ҷˣͬ޵Ļϣ˵ֵ͵ħ֮
仰ʱȫͣ¶˻Ȼ֮ɫ
ȷз
ͬѪۣͬҶԷͬĵ
ͬħ֮ͬȻ
˳ŵµ뵽취ֹǵڰǰѪۺϣ¶뵽취ֻѪۺ뵽ǶͬޣֻҪͬʱìܵĵܴµ㣬ȴڻԵɺ֮£µ
˳Ĭˣ
ȻҶôӵеʱԶԶҶȻҲп
Ҳ˵ǰǿǸȪ֮⣬¶˵֮ɫ
һͷۣټĻǶѶȿɲֹǷ
ϻȪ֮⣬ӦûһϾǵֻ֮ҪһħһɷͿˣ
˵˳ͻȻ͵̧ͷķ£һʼվ͸ߣ
仰ٴ׹ߣĵ׷⡣
뿪̤·Ϊ˰ѵ񣬾ܾۣͬ˳˵Ϊ棬ôҲ˵뿪ҲǵĿģԼһʼǱߣȴһɹͽɡ
ʵӦֵܹĴڰɣҲķѾһˣ
ķ˴˶һۺȴͬʱ¶Ц㷢֣ʦԸҲԲԵɱֵģ
ⷬ˵ΪͼȻǴȱ£ο˺أ
ǻʲôֱȥҵȽһɱȻȥ·ɱһ𣿡սĵ
ûô򵥣һ֣ҪԵľĴֳôĶȴֻɳһٵ˻Ȫ㲻ǳ֣˵ҪӦԸҪ£Ҫ£ֻѪ۷ˣ
ǾڵȻȥҵ񣡡սսѾ޲̾ͺ͵սһ
˳ͷҲֻˣҾھҵҲһǴսӦ·еһ


2209 ս
ȻĿǰ˺ڵһս֮⣬ûİ취룬Ҳ˵֮УԲûκεľţǶһս
ֻڴս֮ǰҶһԸδˣһҵ˵䣬ܰҲһ𣿡
Ѫһŵλ˰ɣ˳ȻѾ뵽ʵ֮ǰҾͲ˼ΣӦöδǾλȴ޷ΪÿҪӽλõʱ򣬾ͻӿֳһǰǲף֪ˣľǵ񣡡
Ҳ˵ǵ䣬͵йأ
˳ͷӦ뵽˻ȥǼ䣬ĵƽǼ˷ֱκ˶޷ҵǵľ䡣
ǰ˵ҲǺͷΪѾ·Уеĵ磬ҲǳķΧԸ޷
˳ĻȻҶеʧǵҲԽܡ
Ȼʱķһ֮ɳշ𿪿ڵҶʩ֪ˣ޷϶ǷҪѰҵѪһš
ļˣҶжʱð⣬κһѰҵѪһŵ˶ǼΪҪԲܴ
£񣬷ֱǵ񣬷񣬵񣬸ղǵĶԻӦþķͷֱڵȴһսǵ񡭡
ȳշ𽫻˵꣬ҶѾ˷ܵĵ񣬺ܾܿҵλʦ֣һλ׶һλʦ
շҡͷѪһŵ䣬Ҳʼڹעⵤ񣬾Բǹˣǵģ֮ǰȺ뿪죬ʱȴǷֱץ˻
ɵǣǻʱöǾԱײΪʱǱ˴˹ϵҲ֮£Ǹǣ½翴еˣ죬Ϊūūǡ
ҾãĵūūпܾҶʩ˵ģ׶
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ҶڵѪһˣƺ޲Ǳŭ⣬ѪһŵĴˣȻūܹܡ
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ǻʲôķ𣬵ʲôطսսⲪעķ
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ʥս̾Ҫսһȴ˳ס֮ڵһսˣǶǣǶ˵һλᣬһսֻӮ䣬ԣǰԵȣҪЩ׼
սǰĽŲֻͣһ˵սκι˼ɣڣ⽫˵һսܲʡ
ǣʱƽһߵȴ˳׼һӭӼһս
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򵥶ֱӣһɱ֣ÿһλĶУ쳹ڣ
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ܵõһһĹҶϢǵȴǵֻһδα֮޹
֪ǵжһɻԭȲΪԼ棬ڵͷѹ֮¶òˣȻĽҶǵԼУϾ˵ǼңҶϸ˵񶼲ķˣȻԼļ޼ɵ˵ǵ̣
һսչڣѾǵĵҶ֮ĴսǱͷӪ֮Ĵս
߸ϣɱᣬƿ֮£ΪϣûκΥǵּ⡣
ȻȺ֮У߳һҶűϵһȺ飬ײķ磬Ȼһ·ɱ죡
ս
ս
ǿ񣬲ĺ
ս
ս
֪Ǹ߸ϵѾһȥˣƽȣͬеһԱ
ս죬ڣ
ʾͷǶƺƵһߣ
֮ϣҶͬǺѹѹһƬ


2210 
һϣҲվǸһ֮ŭ
֮أЩϺУ
˻δȴѾдһɱڣŴ֮Ͻ
ȻδڣǸֳ˻޺֮Ҳɱ֮ܵأ죡
ǵƣҶȴԵƽޱȣȻ˿ڶԷȴûһ˿ڡ
վڶǰľҶǾں࣬ұս˳ǣ죬룬䣬ǵԱǵսУԸ˳ǵһȺޣǧֻȫ࣬Ȼ
ɣѩ˷ɢվǽѪˣ
Ϊ˱ʵҶûнѪȫųϾ飬Ҫȫ֣ޱ޼ʣϧΪʵβ룬̫࣬׳ΪĶܵΧ˺
ʵߵͣʱ˿̣ÿ鶼ʿ߰˴֮Ҳ֪֮սڵһսʤǰܣձؽһʤ߳߿ܣ
ڣѾ˽ǰֹͣǰһϣһ£š
֮УȻֿһ·һŽȺлףɢһɺصϣ鶼оһɽǣִĸо

µһ󽫣
վ֮ǰ˫ĿֱֱĶҶϣȲ˵Ҳû̬ľͬҶ˵˷ˣǷеľ𣬳
ֻϧĵҶ˵𲻵˿ãʼգҶƽվƤδһ£ƺδλС
һߵ֮УҲֿһ·һźͬԽڶףɢһӢ֮ȻϢôԵҲǲŭ˲ӡ
Ƿ
񣬳Լķ֮⣬ǿѾ֡
ȻֵʱҶڣսʹ࣬ĸȴȫ΢΢һ̧ͷԼͬĿ˶Է
Ҷŷͬʱ̲סڳʦ㣡
ҶѪһеˣҲǼͬʱ
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Ҷ͵õԼʦı٣һֱڴѰʦ䣬֮ǰĿУѾ֪˵ūūпܾ׶Ȼû뵽µĴ֮һ񣬾ȻԼʦ㣡
Ů۷࣬
룬˿϶һˣ
ֻϧҶ˵ĺλȴǺ޷Ӧ֮˫УĿ顣
ʦܶ϶ǱʧǣʶǣҶĴ˵Ժ𣺡һսʼʦ㽻ңֻҪȻ϶а취ָǣ
˳üͷ΢΢壬˵ʵҲû뵽Ƿ࣬һΪ׼¾Ҫ΢ܵӰˣϾ˭ҲܶԷ֣ǷɾûƣʵǿĿ£ҪǿһΪ鷳顣
ֻѾûκθĵĿˣֻһһ
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ʱһȻĴ֮дʱһ󸽺֮
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ҶÿĿе䣬Ҷǻ˵ã
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ʵȷ̫ǿˣ
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ȻһʶˣԼ֮ͬĲ࣬Բǲޣ
µʵѾܹ͵Ѫ۶棬࿹ˣ
ǵвӹһ˿⣬Ҫ֪˾˵£Ӧؿһ£ǷҪҶ
ڣȻ˵ʲôˣ򲻹Ҳô򣬸û·ԡ
ĿѹƵԸ߰ĺ˵ֱܴ裬˫֮Ѿлڴܶ
ʱֵСɫ˵ˣ
ȻҶ𣬶£֮нŴˡһҽС
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ͬ컯֮£˰ǹ·վһ㣬λ궼ȫߺ죡
Ҷ
ͻȻڣγһˣֱҶȥҶ΢΢һЦūţҲҳƵۣЦ


2211 
Ŀѹס˺ǣ֮ȻҲǴѹҶ˵ʿҶȴʱ򣬵ŵ棬Ȼɱһλɾǻؾ˵һ൱ڳĸ˵һƣ˸ոܵʿٴ
ɱ
ŭˣһӣʱȻʮź֮Ҷ˳˹ȥ
ȻҶȴ˿Ǻǵˣͬˮһһ˿ӵЦ
䣡
ͻȻڰ֮Уڶĸͬʱ˺Ȼıը֮Ƹ֣һɱϣ
һ󷨣
׼ȷ˵Ӧһ
һһ𣬸ﵽʮңӿ֮䣬һɹǿͷŶƵ飬ʵ̿зһҽУڵƵ֮£ѿ
ͬʱҶȺ֮УĴ£ܹһ˷׷𣬻âֱһ֮С
Ҷӻ֮нȳЩߣ
µʱУ˳׼ǽĵóһ
󲢲ͬͨ󷨣ǱͨҪһΣÿ֮ΪۣǵĵΪеΪ֮ȻͨҪǿϼࡣ
ҶݻȪ֮УԾԵȪѹֻóĵҪӵĿֲǽǧΪһ֮С
˳ͬʱҲ˲õĹؼÿߵĵӶóôĵ
󣬾ͽ󷨵ӵ˼£ңԣҲøִۿɼķʽչ˳
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վԼľƵУһŨľ˷˵֮е飬һɫ죬룬ŲģͬǺ˾һ㡣
ԱߣУХ󣬴ڴ֮еˣ۾޷ٲά衣
޵УһӺޣ춯أʹô֮оȻͬҲΪУ޲ѣȻڴеҲһ涣
ǵڣ
һ󣬾൱һССĵ磬֮УܹԼĵӰеһ飬Ҳ޷ֿ
һʱסʮǾʱͻȻзһߣЦŵҶɱã
˵䣬Ѿ
Ͻ貣޾ͷţؽ
һȻ죬һ
һٴһ
ڵǰ֮УƷӿǲȿߣͻֱըɢ
һ󣬲ȥе飬ǵתìͷеȫת˵Ҫֹǰ
ǣһֹͽͣδƽȣȽԾһǰƣһͷ۹ڣ۵ľ޴Ӱ󣬸оԾȻ֣β֮ϣе淢ΰ
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˳ǹ˸ŵԼõӰδ֮ǰرѾڣǵʱƬص𣡡
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ڵǲǰĲѹ֮£һʼ̱أնھҵ֮У𽥷顣
֮س
һĻҶ˵϶¶֮ɫ˵ʵȻ֮ǰ֪϶ǿȴԾɵ͹˵ǿʵǳǵ
Ҳѹ֣Ͼȵڵʱ仹ҪԶûеƬˡ
Ȼò˵񣬵ԾǸ߸ϵۣԲκĵ
ŵıסȻҲǲǰĵһȫڵأŵӰĳ֮
Ҷˣ˿ҲڵǰĤݳһԴڱܵĳ羴
գ֮䣬ѾվҶ˵ͷϷһƬҲδֹܽѾȫ
ʱͣ£ӸµĿҶˣĵө֮⣬Ҳԣգȫ
䣡
һ󱬷ڿֱ۳һ޽ֱָ񣬶֮ϣŽڣ£һɫȫǽߣ
䣡
սͬ𣬻սⲪγһս֮ը˿˿⣬ȻҶʣˣȫ֡
ս⣬һһң͵ңңԣ
˳ĵڶ׼УȻԾںսʵǿڵҲΪǲ۲۵ĵ꣬Ǻ͵ͬȵĴڡ
ˣǶΪۣó󷨣ΪľҪȫ֣ս֮ս⣬Խ֮콣ߣӶ˵ʵǿ
ֻ˳ʱ΢˵㣬ΪǵĿս֮ʱҪǳֻ֣Ҫάס
Ȼڣڵǿֲʵ֮£ȴǰΪֻʱ͵࿹⣬סԷǿֲơ
ͻȻı仯˳üͷ壬ʱҶվ˳ܼûеƻƣҲûг͵ֻǹһˣɫƽһֱվ˵ǰ


2212 սʼ
ҶλһǴСɵĴߣ
񣬵δ֮ǰƬص
ˣԽʱ䣬վһһһҫ˴˶ţ˵Ŀ⡣
һ̣֮һƬ˫ÿ˵ﶼʮһ֣ô֮ʤΪⳡսĹؼ
˫޲ţ˸ɱֱս죬ȴûһ
ΪеˣڵȣȴҶ͵ĳ֣֮κһ˵ĳ֣ⳡսʽʼı־
Ҷɫƽ˫֮иһƬ峺˿ϲŭעŵ񣬶ĿȴǽȻ෴˫Ž۾֮У͸ޱߵŭɱ
һսҶ֪ԲȪ֮սܹ֤Լⷽûһ䣬Լпڴս֮С
һս˭ʤ˭Ȼһ˫ƱضḶĴۣв֪ڴս֮Զ䡣
һս˭Ҳ޷ֹ
¡
ڣȭͷһȭҶ˹ȥݣغǲ·ľ޴ǳ˾ҵ𵴣޷ܵһȭĿֲһ㡣
ͬʱĳȭͬ˴սĺŽǣո뾲ֹ˫ȫ
ͷ֮Ĵսʼ
ɱ
ɱ
ɱ
˫ͬһ㣬˴˻˾̵ĺŶԷϯȥ
ǰģǽ񣬻񣬷񣬶ҶߣǰģǺǣ죬룬䣡
˴˵󣬶һȺηͬ飡
Ѫһŵˣվԭأһںս죬ΪҪΪۣ轣ߺ˵ս⣬޷⶯࣬ȴֳ칭֧׼գ˫̩ɽ˿
̶֮䣬Ҷںս죬Գ֣ӲĽδͨѨλȫͨȻ˶ʹ࣬ʹȴֵõģҲӵ˺һսʵ
˳Ҳûж˫ȴͬһԼٶƶţнʮˣ˫ֵƶڲϵĸıԼλãӶóһ򵥵ȴ󷨣
ⳡս֮ǰ˰ţȻǽԽԱ
ҶԸĴ϶Ը񣬺ǣˣԼ߶ԸѪ˵ĿģǶԸ¡
Щ󷨣ǵֻͨ󷨣Щ󷨣ÿһо˵ɱ󷨵ĴѪеķˡ
ΪǵʵʮСִս֮УսĻɲκεóֻΪڻҡ
ҲΪǵ㣬˳ǰ󷨣Ϊľǵʵܹ֮£õݵĴȵ
ȻҪ൱Ĵ۵ģǣѪе飬֪˳ͼ֮ȴû˿ĵӺԥһȿֺǿϣܹⳡս֮й׳Լһ΢
ҲʵϣҶߵ˼һ𣬵ȷȲȴҲ޷ĶǾŽᣡ
ˣ
޴ĺӰͻȻҵ֮𣬸ߴɣýڲ˸ȫ
Ӱֹ֮ͣʱҲڿ˺ӰĿȻʥ䶦ܣ
ʥѪеȫͬʱѪʮΪɵʮҲѾɡ
ʮԶԶȥʮ޴ĳһֻ⳵ֵܣаߣеγ˾޴ļֱָ̣硣
˳Ҳ·Ϊһˣ˫ƶʮ֣ǰƶ
תܵڽ֮ս֮Ӱ֮£һݺߴң֮ǣ޲׷ɢΪ䶦ܵı֮ûһ˸Կ޴ĳ֡

ŵһҽʼⳡս֮䣬Ϊڶ࣬˶֪ҽеһӪ
Ѫı䣬̼ˣǸӷ񣬸ӷŭĳ˴˵ĵˡ
𣡡
߿ǳȻצ֮ϣһצȥͬǳһͷųֲĶֳһʮ޴ĶͷΧںܣŨعһʹţɺͷ֮ϵѪҪǸһɡ
壬֮ǰ㱻Ѫ۶壬ǶڶԹޣԹ޴е˽죬˿ͷŵĻᣬȻ㾡ȫҪкͶйصˣȫɱ


2213 ֮
죬Ϲħ޵ݣһѾȫֳָֿ޸ݷ֪ƣһ㣬ϵһһεǰĽ¡
ÿһͷܹصؾýӲӣֻǱ
ΪϵʥޣӡѾҶȫ⿪ȻûܣеĿֲ֮ȴǸηκεĹǿ̶ȣҲֻҶܹ
úսĻΪΣԼĹ첻˺ԼȴҪʱʱĹ
ȻˮϵʥޣǺصĹǣȴͬһӵǿķ֮һķͷųеʱͽԴع֮УȻյĲٿˮ֮з
ѩ裬ɣеˣڶѾ͸ԵĶֽ֣еƾУеǿ֧ţ˫ġǴƽ֡
ǣ˫ıȴոյĽӴ֮£˾޴Ĳ࣬ǣ˿̴¶η֮ɫ
һУȻΪ˳
˳ͬʱƿʮѪʮ֮鲼öɵľ޴󷨣ͬʱҲ֮ϵսľơ
ʮ֮飬ӴһĲٿ֮£ȴʹָһ㣬շģ⣬ϵĻֿغϣӿһһķ򣬶ӿķǡþ׼ͬλá
ֻ˳һ˻󷨣֮У֣Ҳͬú󷨣ֻĲ룬϶ǸΪս󷨵ܱȻǼʶʮ֮󣬾ʱһн٣ЭƵʮ󣬵˳ȴܹȻ
Ǹ벼ʱ򣬾ͻһ򼸸޴ĳ֣ɱ⣬ǹ
ÿһγֵĹȻҲҪƵʮ뷨ա
˵˳֮ʮɢ¶赲µѪ֮飬ӲǣסΪڵġǣ˲ٵѹ
Ѫ֮Ҳ־ǵΪۣͬҶѪ֮һֻڶʱΪṩǿʵԣÿһγֵĹȻ߶ԷٵͬҲѪ֮һ䡣
ÿʱ򣬾ͻµѪ֮󣬴Ӷ֤󷨵ȶҶѪ˳ȫƿѪ
һĻȻӲĿ⣬Ƕ˳Ǻ֮ǣҲʶˣ˳ʤͽҶУԣ޲Ÿְ취Ҫ˳ɱ
ǣǶиԵĶ֣ÿֲǿҲãҲãƴȫǷϾа취ȥԿ˳
񣬶ѾķסȻĿʼע˳Ҳûа취
ѾҶսһ𣬶˵Ĵ򶷣Ҳд֮ΪĶǵģǵĵһȭѾԲ֮ڵһ鶼˳ȥǸҶһս򣬸κ˽롣
𣡡
ҶڶȻ߰ٶʮѨÿһǳɣ̼㽫ſڣŵȥ
ˣ
һɫ۽ڿն𣬿ҡ֮£˲仯ʮ֮϶£֮ͬһ㣬Ѩ£
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һʮɣ
߰ٶʮѨȻڵһ֮£ȫأ
˫סǱͷ޾ϵĵ۽һһҶȥ
ĽǳȣÿһεĻӽƽޱȣʵȴǱ仯ǧټǿֲĵɱĽ߱ϵʱʱһ޽
飡
ҶԿ϶еѾ˽飬µ񽫴˽ӳĲٿأҲ᲻ݵɱԼ
ҶҲ˺ɽͬѾӵ˽ĺɽڸ֮ܵͬʱȻһͬҰް˻֮ԪҶݺݵӭȥ
ﬣ
۽ȻӵַɳҶҲͬʱɿ˺ɽԼսһ
޴Ӱ˫֮нⶸȻǣſͬһŽ⣬Ҷ˹ȥ
֮磡
Ȼ֮䣬Ҷܵһɰӵ񱳺ӰĿдȻԼ뷴궼һѹȻ޷ֻĿԼԼٶȣǸ޴ӰĿС
ͬʱڶ֮еĵȴҲ䣬ĵΪҶ׼ģܽɣҲǲôõĵȴ˳Һڴܹ֮ҴʲôľϲѪѣ


2214 ˳
ʿΪһ֮󣬶ܹӵпٳһС磬սľʥأڵĲڽ磬Ҷ磬ԼӵеĸԵ磬ЩǵٳΪЩеġ
ЩܹȴͬսڵЩһܻԭΪδ
Щ統Уÿ߾ߵĴڣӵܵЩҲһȥ
Ҷ統ȻİԵǾ޴Ӱ֮󣬿ǰֳľ޴֮󣬾ʶԼѾڵٵ統ˡ
Ȼϸʱȴ֮ɫ
Ϊ統Уĸ٣
࣬Ƣ࣬Σθ
ڵ٣ﶼҵŵǣÿһ֮УȻӰ޷
ÿһӰһеȫŹˣÿ϶Ź֮ɫ
Լ壬ٳһ磡
ҶȻţȴòʵ
ֹΣһεĴҶжڿ֪ڴ֮ǰû뵽Ȼ˽ԼΪٳһ
ʱЩŵӰĿУͻȻһ߽һ̫죬Ҷ޷˵ʲô
ֻ૵ͬʱÿ˵ڶͷųһͬĽɫ壬˿Уγһɫţ֮УĿһ꣬Ȼǵ
꣬ͻȻ۾ⱬֱֱҶϡ
ڵ֮Ŀע֮£ʱҶоԼ꿪ʼ궯ĵӿֳһҪŵ֮Ĥݵĳ嶯ͬΧӰһǣڵϣԵԼĳ羴Ľ
ֳ嶯ԽԽǿңҲҶ޷ƣģ˫֮еԽԽ٣ϵıҲĿʼɣ˫ȶ𽥵ϼͬΧЩӰһŵ֮Ĥݣ

ҶУܶ˶ۿǺǵˣҪȥæǵĶȴǸܸκεĻᣬһǼӿ˹ƣϾġ
ֻ˳΢΢һԥ֮£ֻƶγɵľ޴ֱ֣ѹ֮ƣſеĵȥ
Ȼʱ˳ĿͻȻһƺߣţԭǳڽܵ˫֮УȻֳһѪ֮ɫ
Ѫ֮УһӰϸȥͻ֣ᷢӰȻҶ

˳Ȼ췢һҽУϺ֮ϣ̳һϸܵѪɫ·
ЩѪɫ·һԼٶ˳֮ӣѸٲȫ£ǿʼ˳ڣ귢˳
ҶڿһĻĻͻϳ˿˳ϸֳ·˵ǼΪϤΪѪǹɷҶЩ·
˳쳤ХʮѪ֮飬̾ʧȥһȫͣȻʮҲȫʧȥã
ͻȻһĻ˶ǴʧɫҲ¶ãȻ֪⵽˳һıʲôΣգһʱ֮䣬Ҳ
ôˣ
ǵڿнķ󺰣˳ΧһȴǿֻǴվ쳤ХӣѾȫѪɫ·ǣ˫֮ж⡣
ò֮⣬˿̵˳ͷҶûκε𣬷˳
ڣս죬࣬ǶǼԼĴڣԿһĻԶ𾪣Լµ˳ƺǱѪ壬һıռ˳ٱռݣ˳ͻ᳹ױѪȡ
ֻǣ벻ͨǣҶͺѪ˹ʶҳɹĽѪԼķںϵһѪ
˵ҶѾΪѪƿߣȥ˳
ǻʲôɱȺϣ
ͻȻ˳ſͣĿдһ޾ɣ¶ϲ֮ɫ
񣡡
ǵ
ԭǵ֣һסˣ
û˾ʦһսô򣡡
ֵǣɱȫ𣡡
ղʼձ˳ʮѹסڳһʼԼķ


2215 ֮
ʧȥ˳ĲٿأѪʮ֮飬Ȼһѣȴ֪жȫ
ˣǳ˲䣬ȫûзӦȻзӦҲͽ͡
û֮ã֮ʵĲʵ̫޴һ죬һڵء
ۣ
ʱʮѪ֮֮УѾʮ֮һĽ֮£Դ壬ը˿ѪӿһƬ嫵Ѫ
ղʮͷ̧һӵڿԷһȻ飬ȫȫ
ݿ࣡
һʿ죬ʵǿᣬһȴʯʵС
һ֮һ㣬Ѫ֮кֱײոһһ
ת۵ĹѪ֮ڣѾأʮ˲࣡
ɱ
һĻҶߵ˶۾ȻѪʵ΢ǶһǾ˻Ȫһս֮󣬱˴֮ҲһĽ飬ټµʱҶǲ߲ݵĲŻϵһ¥
񣬿ЩͬǣڶԷɱ֮£ȫû˿ֿ֮úôܹܣ
ϧǸûа취˸ǰֻĿɱڼѪ˵Ծ˵ٶȼ١
ಣ
ŵ֮ʼվһƴ࣬ڽеľ֧
֧ǣɣȻȷһӰ죬ȴԾ赲ɱ
ŭһҲԼ˿УҪܵľȳѪ֮ڡ
ͬʱʼάֵս;ڶˣҲټά󷨣ͬԾ𣬳УѪһʦֵˣ׼ͬѪ֮ڡ
ȻڴʱһͻȻԱ˳дһѪӴϯȥ

սŭȣݺһȭѪ֮ϣУѪըݣҼ䶯γѪɫӰ
ս죡
ڣ
࣡
ȣѪɫӰĿ䷢ӰѪһ˵ͬʱ¶֮ɫ
ѪɫӰȻֱԼֻ϶ɡ
ľڣս죬Ĵ࣡
ӰҲİΪǺҶһԣҺͶԷΪ൱һʱ䡣
ֻû뵽гһգȻٴԼ
ǰͷȻսŭЦѪþòû뵽㻹ţϻ˵ս
ս˫ȭֱŷγɵԼ˹ȥս쾹ȻҲЦ˫ȭȻսȭһģһӭȥ
Ȼںʹ࣬ҲĵԼԼΪϤʽֱ𹥻
ˣ˲һ
ʱǰѪ֮ڻعһɵĴ󺺣дЦһָΧ˵λѵ𣿡
£
ǻʲôҲҪĺңҲҪмֵһڻȪ·Ϲλ
ЦУͻȻ˾ԼһˣһֻһĹֳ棬ԼһǯӣֽУû뵽ʱ򣬾Ȼ˳Լⲻ֮£һѱ㱻Ǵ󺺸ֱӱס
κηӦʱ䣬ѾһЦȻը˿
䣡
󺺲ϧԱֻϧʵʵ̫΢СǲһеԱڶԷ˺ҲԺԲơ
ٿˣȻһǿԼ壬̲סЦһȺϣԱң̫Բˣ
Ȼ£ֻǰһڣͻȻ˷ٳʮӰΰš
䣡
ʮͬʱԱһ̳

֮У˷ŭʹĲҽ֮һɾдɢ¶ը˽֮һѪģ壺Ҫǳ
ǰȻֳ˽Ѫ֮ڣ˴ֵΧһȦΰΧУȫЦע
䣡
Ѫ֮ٴͬʱԱ
һڿն𣬶һΣɢ֮ˣҲѾ֮ɢ
ͬһĻգϲϵķš
Ѫ֮ڣ԰ΪλΧסһˣȻԱ
ηĹʽɫ
۵ʵԶԶѪ֮ڣֹʽ֮£ȴǵͬ
һԱǾʮʮԱǾͰٸٸԱǾٸȥѣҲҪ
֮ԾɿԺأ


2216 
Ѫ֮ڣĲ
ΪǻѾ㹻ãһʮʹ࣡
ȻҶĳ֣ϣǴʹ֮н˳ǲǾͿǹȥľ
ЩѪ֮еľԶҲĥ𣬽ǵ֮Уǵļ֮Уֱľͷ
ˣ˵ʵĳ˵ʵһֽѣһַһУ󳹴ɣ
ΪηѪ֮ڣһ̣ûһ벽Ա֮ʱҲûһԥ֡
ɲ֮䣬Ѫ֮ڣֻʣ֮ǵԱɱҲ֮࣡
ϵһȺԸ˳Ըʿ
ڣǱ񣬴ݿһĲټٶȣͣ˿С
ǲңˣ
ҪǣǵһȺӿһԼԸϵľ壡
ֲԸϥ־ֵ¼κľ壡
ͬһıը̻֮ͬһŵؼٴ
һĻĻ׳ĳ棬ԸĺԽԽ죬ôȱҼİдʣĵѩѾֳһòЦؽҧ˿֪ǿѾԽԽصѪ֮
ڴ˿ҲǱֹͣͣŭһжڰĽţֻɲԱ֮ͷ̹ȻԵĺˬЦ
Ѫ֮ڣȻֹǰȻһ΢ŵϵȺ֮𣺡Ǹһȥɱô
ɱ
ɱȻ
֪Ѫ
ʱѪ֮ڣת򣬾Ȼ֮Уʼɽһĵ˹ȥ
ǵ۾ڲ֪ѾʪΪǸȥɱˣϳݣͬʱҲǰǸҪһڻȪ֮·ϵȴ˵ĺ췢׳ݡ
Ҧɽӣ
ҶոյõѪѪ֮ͷųĵڶˣһͷųǣڶͷųˣֱҦɽӺѩ򸾣
ҦɽҶ֮·Ҷؿڻͼ
ôȥˣѪ֮ԽԽ˳֣žҲԽԽ࣬ʵԽԽߣǼѾһϤ֡
ڵǣȻʵ𵱳˾޴ȽҶȴǲʮǧȻڽ죬ڴʱ˿̣ȴԼԼ΢ҶǵĶ飡
䣡
Ҧɽը˿һ̣ǲϵû˿ı׳еȴֻһֳĽѣ
ྡˣ
𣡡
һͻȻһɫľ޴𣬾޴βͺݺݵŵ˦˹ȥ

ĺ֣Ѫ죬һӵʥⶵˡ
䣡
β͸ûܳе񣬻δͱǿѹѹķ飬һ̣ȴǺԥѡԱ
ƿĿ⣬ԸٿԼϤˣһԼǰԱԸڿֱ׳ĳȥ
һ̣˳Ϊʲô֪Ѫ˸ʺϲμⳡսȴƫƫҪǴѪ֮дǼս
ˣ
֪Ѫ˵ĿģȻҪԱ֮ȥȻǲԸЩϵԱܹԵκε˺ȴҲţ
֮ڵͬʱԱϣҲģ
ļ룬ȴûӰѪ֮ڵԱ׳Ծڼ

ҶһѾ˵ϣʼո߰ͷ­ҲѾǿڽ֮УŸ߸ϵĵ֮꣬ĵȥ
֮꣬ȴɫƽֻĿעţעѾɸ궼ܼ޵Ҷ
Ҷɫϵ߸߹һֻʼղµȣҲĺ͵ƽС
ֻҪһôԶڵĵ֮£ΪΧĤݵӰеһԱӴ֮Ҳ޷뿪֮磡
ߣ
ʱһͻȻҶ֮дţҶȻ̧ͷϵĿеѾʧ٣ȡ֮ͬرɽһᡣ
ģҶ˫ȫɫȡҲһ˿һ۰ףһѪҲԼٶȱ˺ɫ
ģҶǹȥһȣҲվ
µҶڵ˫ͫΨһͷѩ׵ͷԾ޷裡
ūţҲҳĤݣǺЦ
Ҷ˫̧֣ͷעǸ߸ϵĵ֮꣬ϣһļµɱ֮


2217 
ºͫ׷Ҷɢɱͬɱһ㣬˿۾עſбŵĵ֮ꡣ
ڣ֮껺ڣǣҶ
֮УѾ֪ҶӵѪ;飡
ÿӵȫͬԸ񣬶ʱ˿̣չڵ֮ǰģѾҶı𣬶Ǿ
˵һ̣ҶĸԸķԼĿƣɾԼ壬ΪҶ
֮ĻҶǱϷһ˿˺΢ЦңҶ񣬿ӣ񶼲֪
֮ûлش𣬵ȴһ˿ɫ
Ҷ˵ˣ񣬵ȷ֮
Ϊ߸ϣΪ֮ĵܹĸԸĳΪ˵ūţΪ߹֮£
ǣڳʵǰҪֻѡ񳼷ͬ񵱳ļѡһ

ѡ˳˵֣֮ΪҳϵūţΪ˵һ󽫣ǣǸ߰Уȴʼδҹҹ˼űķ˼ܹɱܹ¶Լһеİ취
ԼĵȡĵӶ³Ϊ
ʼ񲢲ֻ֪дߴµȡдȴܡ
Ȼ֪ʵȴԾɼԼĵֻҪ㹻ǿ󣬿϶ܹȡôʧȥһнȫ
ߣѪۣҶҶĴߣڵҪһãʱڣҪ֮ܶ󣬲ҵԼĵ
ǵͬκãκδߺ߶ҪףҪԼҪֵĵǡ۵
ѣǶڵ˵ѵȴβԼ
ǣһķԼȥԼĵ۵
Լ忪ٳһ磬Ӹ֮в飬Լ磬Լĵ֮£ҹҹĶĤݺͳ֮£۵
Ȼʼնûзֵ˵ˣȴûֹ
֮ĵ۵ѾСɣɵ飬ʼķˣޣķչΪʿޣȻˣޣٵʥޡ
ҶߣͳΪ˵Ķ󣬶񣬾һõĻᣬҶԼĵ֮£ôȻӿ۵ճΣ
ԭһжǷǳ˳Ҷ̽磬ڵ͵۵Ӱ֮£Ŀʼû뵽ۿžҪɹͷҶıȴʧȡ֮ľҶ
Ȼ֪ҶΪʲôþ֣ǿžȻ˿ԼӰ죬ǾȻһԼĿģв΢΢һ
ҶСԼͱ˳ȥʹˡ
ˣҲҶҪʲôһΧܵĽⶸȻըһ޴ĵӰƬ֮С
أ
ӰȻһֻ֣Ҷͬһ㣡
ҪҶ
Ӱе֮ҲԽԽԽԽ죬ĳַľģӿҶĶС
ȻһУҶȴûиоһЦעŵ֮꣬ҡҡͷνҲ֮ͬһ֡
˵֮䣬Ҷ֮϶Ȼһɱɱ̫ŨȻֳ˺ɫԽԽֱ࣬ͬ۳һ޴ĺɫӰȻҶ
޴ҶҲ̧һץס˶޴µƣͬʱһֻȴǸ߸߾Ȼһȭӳݺݵ˾޴ӡ
ңǾ飬ԣװϷҸûã
䣡
޴Ҷһȭ˾޴ϡ
Ϳ޴ݷˮһ㣬˾ҵʼεӰͻȻȫֹͣУ̧ͷһ˫˫˸Ž۾ĶסҶ
죬ҾɱЩ֮飬ĵ۵֮磬ĵ۵
ҶȻ쳤Хͷ׷ǧ࣬Ǿ޴ҶҲ֮ٴλȭͬǳըһ㣬һɿ񱩵ɱ¾֮ɲǼ֮磡
Ҷ
֮˲ޱȣзȣǾ޴ĵӰͻȻըɫǰ̵Ҷ˹ȥ

Ҷ䣬ȭӭһȭұһֻԴһٴ߱һֻԴ
ţͷ׷ͬһ趯һ㣬ֱӾסӰһʣ
ҽ֮ڵ֮ͬʱ𣬰š¡һ죬һ޴ѪڿţǵըѪ


2218 ɱ

ӵĿзһĲҽУֱڴս֮еȫʱͣ˶ЩԾ׼ԱѪ֮ǣĿԭվڿĵͻȻסԼλá
ۣ
һѪӵĿȻδѪ֮꣬оȻͬƵ졣
ڵ٣һһը
Ҫɱ㣡
ȻһһУͺɽҵĴһĽɫ۽ٿȻɵС
һ̣˫ס۽˵Ŀɿڴ֮УĴԼؿڣ
Ѫ磡
Ȼ⻹ûнŵ۽Լؿڼ£ֱ׵Ľؿ˺ѳһ޴˿ڡ
۽׳ͬһ㣬˫֣ץסԼѾѿţһ˺

̫ͬһ㣬ӵ֮ڱһɶĿĽ⣬Ȼţ֮ȴǳһڹ⣬
ڹͣڿУȻҶºͫ
Ȼ˲Ϣ֮䣬ҶһٴλѪɫ˫Ŀ֮еĺɫҲȥָ
ҶޱעѪӿֹѾ˷̬֮ĵҡҡͷ۵ѻ٣򣬻һ
ͻȻУǵۣ˭Ҳɱңǣ¼飬ҪҳǾ𣡡
Ҷҡҡͷ̾˿֪Ѿ׵ķˣΪôľӪһУڸղţ˾ҶС
ʵ񲢲£µľֵĵ֮
֮Ҳû֮ӣûԪ֮棬ûħ֮ײУûз֮ʴȣǣһĵ
飬ƽȵģȴ൱һ飬ĸԸĳǰΪԸΪūĶĤݣʵܵ˵֮Ӱ죡
ԼΪһ֮ԼΪһ֮ǵ֮
˵ƻҲã˵Ҳգ֮֮Եʹڵһ顣
ҲҶΪʲôþҶʱĿģΪҪֿֿǹɳĳ嶯Ҫ飬ҪɱЩ֮顣
ϧҶֻܻ˾Ҷ
û˳ĳ嶯ûηͷǵ֮ҲԾҶκεӰ죡
һ֮ʧȥΪΪǣڣҶɱ˲ٵ֮飬ٵ˵࣬Ƶ˵֮磬õ֮ʧȥУʧȥֲֵһʼ˵䡣
Ҷʮ֮ԶʧֻҪ¼仹飬ôгһգ֮ؽٴҸȼ
ԴˣҶҲûκεİ취ı嶼㳼˵֮֮£˵ˡ
ֻϣһ֮ˣܹӵһʴȵģ

Ƕ֮УȻܵĽɫ棬ȫȼ
ⲢҶΪǵԼȻѾ˷񣬵ΪϣȴԸκ˵УԣѡԵ֮Լپ
ңǣ𣡡
ǵʱһ仰ȻԼǸ߸ϵĵۣ
ˣ
ܰɣôܻ
ôģΪʲôҪԼûԼ
ŵʧڻع֮Ȼʱ˳ĿٴηԴڵŭ𣺡Щϲеˣ
һŭ𣬽ȫѹǣɱ
ػɵҶҲȻע⵽˳ı仯ע⵽ѪһźͷԼɱԼѾѪ֮ڣ
һ̣Ҷסˣ
ʲô
Ѫ˳Ѫ֮ѡԱ
һ仰ͽľҶеĴҲѸٱŭȡȻδۼղŷһĻ
֮絽ڣƬʱѣʮѪ֮ھȻֻʣ²
飬Ȼô̵ʱھɢ
һе׾ǵ
䶦ܣɽסǣ
Ҷһ£ʥ뽵Ѫ֮ڵͷϿգȫǣҶԼȴɫȥ
һѪɫٴλ˺ɫ
峺˫ͫҲ˺ɫ
Ѿ֮У
ɱ
ҶһεסҶ壬չ˷ɱ¾
߰ٶʮѨȼյĻ棬ӿȵľˣĺХѵĿ磬µĺڰ
ҶĻɱһ֮ʮ


2219 
ҽϵ֮𣬶̶̵һ˲֮䣬Ҷǧ֮ڣȻѾûһŵ顣
Ҷ֮䣬ͻȡԼ֪ɱ˶顣
ֻ֪ԼߵЩ飬˰Ѫ֮ڵǱ볥ΪһУӦĴۣ
Ȼ֣ǾþҶּ飬ޱȣ
ڣ֮˱˺ѷεĺ֮ˣҶˣӰɣ
ŵһӰһеĵͷԶҶķ񱼶ȥ̾ʮ٣ǧӰ
Ҷһ֮Ȼ˽ʮ
ˣˣ
Ϊ߸ϵ½ֻˣÿһҲѪծۣɱ¾˵˾ռߵ顣
ǣʱ˿̣ԱǸݸ׵Ҷ֮ûе£ԼҪΪɱ¾Ķʱʣµģֻˣ
ʱ򣬼ǵվǵǰҲ赲ԶҶľġ
Ȼ֣Ǵ˳ȴٴӿһѪӣڿ۳ҶϤķҶҶǰ
䣡
Ҷûκεԥֱһȭ˷ҶҶҲľȭӭ
ȭͷȭͷĶײ֮£ͬʱȥ
±죬˫ۻָ峺ҶסΣĿŷҶĵ㣬Ҫ𣿡
ϻ࣡
ҶһЦ֮ϺȻҲǳ߰ٶʮѪɫѨҶ˹
ѪĿֻ֮ҪѪ֮ĶѪһᣬھںԼԴ
뵽ģѪһ뵽ʩչģѪһʩչѪһŵˣսڣȻûзֳʤ
񣬷ҶҶı𣬳־߰ٶʮѨҶ𲻵òҲʩչ߰ٶʮѨӭȥ
䣡
һǧѨڿײһȻٺȻըѪ⣬ӳա
ҶվѪһߣһ۷Ҷֿ·Ȼ־ֹķ˳аӣ˶ˣķֻֻһѪ֮ͱȻŵѪ֮У
ӦǵѪ۷޷ħԲžԼѪԼħ
һ̣ҶлȻѪڵĿģӦþΪ˰ħֻϧԼû뵽ΪѾɹѪ
Ҫ֮ΣҪ
ҶѾ⣬üѿɳֱ·˳˹ȥ
ΪҶѪ˳ڣƾ֮ϵȻҲ룬ӶɶѪտơ
ҶĲ²ûдȷһ̤·һ񣬰ͳλȪһʼղѪ֮Уħ
Ѫ֮еķΪ˸Ҷ׼ģҲΪʲô񼴱֪ҶǴߣҶС֮ûɱԭ
ҪҶȫɣôҶԽǿĺôȻҲԽȻһķգһҶɣܻܿᷭȡǣֻҪ·Ͳ¡
Ϊ·һ磬磬񣬼˾Ÿ꣬·ҲֻʵǿĴڣ޷·
ԣʱ磬ǰ·Ҷ޷ȡпܱɱ
һ飬ʼհյļƻڷչţֻû뵽ͻȻð˳ȴΪһļƻ
£ҪѪ۷ɵĹؼʱ̣޷赲ҶһУҶǹԼĶôԼ׼һкܿܶǰ֮¡
ֻܳᣬԼ˺ܾúܾõķʼضѪĿƣʼת˳ɡ
Ȼ˳ȲҶܹӵ˳֮ڵ˵Ҳһ൱ջ
ĿǰһУ񳤳˿䵱ǰѾԼķȫֵѪ۷˲Ϣϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
ħӵ֮ټϵ͵Լһû꣬ΣҲܹ·ߵɽˣ
ǵĿģȻǵ֮һ꣬ôʱ䣬ѾӵԼ־ΪһģΪԼܹɣ֮Уʱʱ̵̿ŻµԼȡ
ļƻۿžҪȫʵ֣ǲ֪Ϊʲôȴʼһ˿


2220 Դ
˿񲢲֪ںηǺܿ죬֪ˣ
Ѫ㻹ǵö˵Ļ𣿡
ڴս֮еҶ˫ֺͷҶϵĻ๥۾ȴŷҶ۾ĵ㻹ǵҶĳŵȻķڣԶ㣬ҲɵĶһӵôھӦôܵķ
ķǲѪ֮УѪҶķ֮ڣҶķȴ˳֮С
Ҫ˳ôѪƿҶķпȥ˳
ͬҪסֻҪ֤Ѫɡ
ҶԷҶĳŵһƿѪǲûĽҶɱֻһ״̬Ѫ֮УӶպҶлɶĳŵ취һΪԼļˣ
ʵҶǿҪҶȫʧĻôķҲͻᱬԲִܸеġ
֮ΣҶѾŤת֮սϣѪԼϣ
ѪȻǵѪʶȴܻʶǷľڣս죬Ĵ࣬ҶһĴкݱ䣬ڷչΪ˽ʶ
ȻʶôҶţѪԲľķɣΪһĽӴڡ
ǣҪ뷴ķҪ벻ɣκˣҶڶﲻѪֻԼ԰Լ
ˣҶŻѪѹҪΪ˵ĹߣҪΪɵĶ
ҶҶȰ˵޷Ӧû˿ı飬˫֮ҲһƬĮ
ȻҶȴǲ᲻ļ˵ţѪɲϤǸѪѵˣ޵˭𣿡
޵ľǾ죬ĸ֣㶼޷ŭڣھ֮ߵ죬ڶԿǿĵѵ͸Ըıٿأ𣿡
ⷬ÷ҶУһ˿ɫȻˣ
ѪʮλʬƶɣѪˣҲǵѪеʶȻҲʮλŭӶܵ޾죬Ǹ߸ϵĵ
Ҷһ㣬ѪԼԿ
Ѫ㻹ǲǵã˵ңվҪҺõĶ࣡㣬ǸҰұһ壬㣬ҵļˣ
Ҷգգ۾ĹҲ֮ٶȣſͣ૵ĵ飬飬ˡ
ͻȻҶλһѪ⣬˿Уͬʱں˴սķģҲԼĶ֣ĸѪɫӰڿںΪһ壬һŲӿѪ
һ̣ٿȻ֪Լһ˿Դˣֻû뵽˿ȻԼƵѪ
Ѫ֮У۳һǷҶ
˿̵û˱䣬Ǵ΢ЦҲû˺⣬ǳͣĿһһĴӾڣս죬˵ƹͣҶϣЦݸӵĲõҶ㣬պĻ취Ҹ˵һҪˣ
ѪҪʲô
ҶɫȻһ䣬ӷҶĻУһ˿ζ
ȻҶȴûЦŵ˵ĶԣҶԾ͵֮ǣôٱɣƿأڣڸֵұʱˣ
Ҷл㣬һƽӣѾˣҲĻôϣΪһƽһݣһʯͷҲ϶ҪڵңҸĶࡣ
ټˣλӴ֮Ѫ
񣬺ͬھɣ
ŷҶһŭ˳ϺܲǺɫģͬˮһ㿪ʼȥһѪ˿˿еѪ
顱һ˳˵ϣ˫۽գԲѡ
顱죬Ҷ˳Ӳı˳
ҶǷȫ̧ͷעſеѪÿ˶ܿѪ֮УȻһŭףͲţƺڷŭ
ֻϧûܹ˵Щʲô
ѪԽԽ࣬ԽԽŨѾһ۳һ̲ճѪڲӿƵȴԽԽ죬ͬһƤƺҪը
ͻȻѪ֮зɳһʺѪΣȻֱӳԶͬעķ
ҶΪһ£
ڣ࣬ս죬࣬Ҷҵÿһˣǿ²֪ʵǵĳɳҿУΨһܹҸеҸ飡
䣡
ѪȻը


2221 ͱ
ǵĳɳҿУΨһܹҸеҸ飡
ؼ䣬ֻʣѪڲϵĻš
ѪѾըûһ˿һѪˮûһ˿һȫɢޣû˿ĺۼ
ѪͬھķʽԽԼȫݻٵķʽͬݻ˵һ
ڣս죬࣬ҶȫվԭأעѪըĵط
ʱ˿̣ÿ˵Ժ֮УصѪһ仰
ҲҶ֮⣬ѪĴˣڵ֪Ѫ֮󣬶ǽ䵱˵˶Դûе֪֮ǰȴǺѪͷĵԼΪͬɳ
ȻҶû뵽ʵѪ͵Ļ֮еκһˣħ죬ҪĶࡣ
ˣѪУʵϽǵһһĺӣЩǴͨˣߣ𽥵ĳɳΪǿߣȴѪǿУΨһе˷ܵ顣
ͨ
ȥ
ͨ
ʥսȥ
ͨ
ڹȥ
ͨ
Ҷȥ
ͨ
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ͬʱھħԯ콾Լڵ񶴸ǧǳ֮еĵūūоԼһʹƺһʮҪˣӴ֮Զ뿪ǣ
ͨ
ûκԵɣҲͬȥ
ھϿյļͻȻСݴɻдͼ֮УôͻȻһŨŨıˣ
û֪һˣȴҲڴʱ˿̣ȥȻԯ콾絤ūū֪Īˣȴ޷Լ塣
ΪѪһŵĴˣǲ죬أǰλˣͬͼǲ֪ˣȴڴʱ˿̣ΧһУȫȥ
泯Ѫʧλã泯Ѫֵķÿ˵ۿʪġ
ʵѪҲǵʦ
ںȻ૵Ŀڡ
ͬʱͷǵģѪսȷҲǵʦ
λʦܣʦãңͱѪʦ
ȵȣ
ѪҶȻ𣬴˿̵ҲǹڵأĴһӣڱڵϣ㻯һӰ
գ֮䣬飡
ǣȫѪбѺķˣ
ȻѪѡ˺͵ͬھȴͷЩȫ͵ѪҶڡ
λ֪ǶѪкޣг𣬵ǴӴ֮ѪϣǺһһ̣
Ѫ֮飬˵ϣҶ˵ҲǶѪкޣг𣬵ѪȴķʽǴǸѪ֮˼Ϊһʱ䣬кгͬʱҲŸ᲻ĸ顣
˵Ѫǵļң
һ̣ͣ
λʦʦãͱѪʦ
ڵͬһʱ̣Ѫһţλˣͬǲ֪ˣԪͼͬѪ֮ڣ볯Ѫʧķ򣬹İݡ
ǣɣѩˣҲ˵ϣİݡ
֮Ѫ
һȴȫѡ˳Ĭûгû֣Ҳûгû뿪ĬĬվԭأ֪Щʲô
ȥеᣬվ𣬳Ĭ֮ҶתѪ֮ڣٴһݵлλ˼ˣֻҪҶһػλ֮
һӣѪ֮»صѪҶڣҲ»صҶ֮С
ʦ㣡
ʦã
ʱѪһŵˣںŮ۷Ҷ˫٣͵˷ǰʦ㣬ԭ
༸ǲ˫֣ӹ٣ĸţ¶׷֮ɫ
Ȼ˶֪ΪʲôᱻãѪ뿪ǰƣǲûȥѯʡ
˴˶һ֮ҶĿ⣬˶Щ
ԭȣҲнʮ֮ڣȺһ˳ʮ󷨣ԼѪ֮ڵԱټϾҶһɱ¾ܵģվǰģ˶ѡ
ҶĿƽĿǵǵĿǵΪУȻǻҪսĻǷ㣬սĻÿ


2222 Ҫս
սǲս
ڣѵľǰ
ս
ɱҶЩˣǵ죬֮ڶǲΥġ
˭Ļȴǵľͽĳͷܱ£
ս
ʵǺҶЩ֮䣬ûʲôޣֻΪҶĳ֣ǸоԼΪ߸ϵϵõƣָоڵĹƻ֮¶ġ
˵ˣǾǵĹߣԸҶȫԼĹߡ
ңҶЩ˵ǿǰΪϵѪ֮ڣηԱǵжӿһɾ塣
ʱ⵹صʮǰʵҲеһֻʵҲǸ߸ϵ
һ̣˵λ뿪֮ʱ˵һ仰Ҳλʼռֵһƽȣ
ƽȣƽȣؼһУʵƽȵġ
ֻǲ֪ʲôʱʼǵǿܶƴƴĳΪ쿪ʼƽȣѾֻ뽫Լʹ࣬ٷʩ˵ϣȴԼҲеһԱ
˵бҪսȥ
ⳡս壬ڣ
ʤΣΣ
˼֮УҶҲδֻ֣ǸԴעǣȴǵĴ𸴡
ڣͬһλһĻ񣬿Цҡҡͷû壬û壬ʱ䣬ȥ·ˣ
仰֮󣬻񵱼תߣû˿ԥ
˻Ĵͷңң˰һۣ̾˿ڷսУҵҲղһ
ͬ˵֮󣬽Ҳת뿪
˵Ĵͷڱ˴˶һۺ󣬷׷׿ЦҡͷͬתȻ׼뿪
Ȼʱ֮жȻ˵˭뿪ɱ⣡
䣡
ҵıըͻȻ˵ǰ𣬾һ𣬼æ̧ͷȻ֣ոմͷ뿪Ļͽ񣬴˿Ѿըޣɢ˿֮С
ͻȻһĻȻ𺳵ˣȻ֪ǿȻ֪Լѡս϶ἤŭ񣬵˭ҲûϵȻͻɱ֣ңǿͽ񣬾Ȼ֮ûУ˲ͱɱ
⣬⣬ôôǿ󣿡
Ȼη񣬵ǵǿ󣬻ǳǵϣҶҲüͷ
ܹɱλʵ˵ҶǵǰеϵһҲһܹ
Ҳ˵ڼ˺ԸĽȻǻᱻɱ
ûôǿ󣡡
ȻһҶ˼æѭȥ˵Ǹոѹ˳
Ȼ˶֪˳ƿ֮ǽͻ˵ȴ˶Ŀãѵ⻹ܼ˲ɣ
ǵģȷûôǿ󣡡
Ȼһ𣬲ȴ˵Ժ𣬶ڵˣŮ۷ࡣ
ѵλˣڳΪ˵ʱ򣬾ͻڲ֪ǩһԼΪԼҲԾɴڣԣֻҪԸ⣬ʱɱ֮еκһˡ
ôһ˵˷׷׻عɫȴǱüΪѿ
Լ飬Ȼ֪ڳΪ֮Լ϶ȻȴûϵԼԾɴڡ
ȻܹʱɱǣΪγٳٲ֣Ҷʵ
ҲżƿԼҪͬʱɱǣӦҲҪһĴۣղţɱͻ񣬿ҲǱƲѣΪЧȶѣ
ȷڵĵٶȱƽʱҪ࣬˫֮иǳŭ
ĿȴûйעˣĶǰԼķ
ɣֻʣһ֮ңȻҲؼʱ̣꣬ԲκεĸţӶԼǰ
ˣ׼սʱò֣Լɱ˽ͻ񣬶ֵĴۣȴĵĸо
ͬʱ˳ȴǸһŵĴ𰸣ΪҲҪսˣ
仰һɽҽ˴֮Уÿ˵жˡ
Ҫսˣ
ֱ޷飡
˳ĵҲҿ϶ֻоڿȴǿԿ϶ˡʵӦñǸΪ˵·һεϣʵһεϣָĲǣǵԼ


2223 汾һ

ڵĴŴ¶һ˿ԳЦݣ˳µĲȷҵʱ䲻ˣߣ˭뵽Ҳ㣬Ϊ꣬ͬս֮ʱɺ޵ǣҶĳ֣սʱ䣬ε·һεĻᣬҲٵȵ´·ĿԣΣұɹ
Լ֮ɱǣʵ̫˷ˣǵˣˣǷ˻࣬ǵҪΪߵɽŵ
ȷ˭Ҳû뵽ȻҪͷˣ
˳ͷǵģʵǰӦ֪Լʣ´Ŷʱ䣬㹻ϸĵĻҲֲܹٵĶߡ
˳еĶ߾ָʲô
Դ˳еεĵϸ룬Ѿжû뿪Ķˣ
񲻽һ㶣ҶҲǵͷ˵ģԸңץǵʱ򣬶ֱֻ˺ѿռ䣬ûпı֡
԰ǰȥģѾܾûˣʲô¶ֱӴ
ʱǸʹߣʱǵūȷ궼û뿪ˡ
˳һȦ˵ǲ뿪뿪Ѿ޶࣬Ҫееľ·ϣ
ֵİţԣһ鶼ʱһ࣬ʱ֣֮Ϊһ·е׼
Ҳû뵽ĳ֣ҵĳ֣ļƻһӰ죬Ƶò䶯Ҳ²ûĻ֮ԲԼ֮ɱǣһΪ˸ħɹؼһ׼ʱ䣬ǵŻи;
˳ĽͣȻһʱ֮ѽܣȴҲҲɣҶǣ֮˳֪һУ˺֮йأ»ǸΪһĵйأ
ϾǸͱɣôȻ˼룬Ҳ֪һЩԲѵóĽۡ
Ѿȫû⣺ô죿
ڣҪôץʱǰ񶴸ɹѪ۷ҪôǸɴ಻ֱǰ·ҾǰߵĿԲǶ˵ҽѡߣ
·ڱˣǽȥ
˳΢΢һЦֻͨ·ڣֻҪԸΪļӣٺΪУôǿǴ̤·
һȻ˳˼֮Ǳ죬Ϊ˳óļ󣬽˴ͨȫ˳Ը⿪ǰ·Ҫ̬ˡ
ǰ£еˮԸλΪѣ
ұҲԸλΪѣе¶ǵģûκεĹϵ
Ҫǣһʱ֮䣬񶼷׷ױԼ̬ȣǰ·Ļᣬ˭Ը죬ӵĲǲأ
ҲԥǣǵƿڵС
ղŻͽĲ״Ծ̼ǣ¡
Դˣ˳Ļشʮּ򵥣ǵҲͬڵУѡǸλԼ飬ղҲ˵ˣǱⲻΪУսǷ㣡
գԼѡȻǲҶΪУȻҲҶԿ񣬶˵ҪԾǱסԼ
ڿԴ򿪼𣿡
ڼֱƬҲԸڣ޲ϽԶԶ뿪·٣ﲻڵĵ磬ҲҲ޷вǵˡ
ԣ˳ȻҶҪҪƴһΣ
ҶȻ˳˼ԥһͷƴɱ񣬻ܹлὫҵλʦ־ȳ
Ǻã˳λڴ˵صǣҪǰ񶴸ֹܲɶѪ۷ɣ
ˣ
ͻȻٴ֮ģվȻɲǼһƬ
һƬ嫵ǿգ֮ϣǿյУһߴӰ
ǵ񣡡
ٳ磬Ҳı𰡣
̲סղǻ˵Ѿܾû뿪ˣû뵽ڵȻٳ磬ƾճ˵ͷ֮ϡ
Ӱʱ˸ȫ֡
ɹˣ
ŵӰҶɫȴޱȵƽ
ǲҪ̤·𣿲ô鷳Ҿ͸Ǹᣬɣ汾һͬǰ·ȥߵɽţһͬɣ
Ȼվֻһӣʱһޱκ˶޷ֿһȫضɼĳ˿УǿΪ·ľ޴ǳ


2224 ·
˴磬ͬǧ磬һ춯صľ죬ڼ֮µľ죬촫ͬʱ綼ڵضɽҡɽؿѣɽ緢ˮһɵľ޴ѷ죬ͬ֩һ㣬飬洦ɼ
켸ٻ
ھڵڶ飬Ǹܵвʱ䣡
֮ϣȻ˾ŲʹâϵˣǽԵԥȫͷųȥձס˾ûıԼеڶ顣
Ȼһƽ֮飬ˣǷˣ࣬壬ֲﶼܸܵһϢ
죬ʧˣ
죬ԹΪأҲʼո߸ϣ˵ͬɽһ죬һ磬Ȼʧˣ
Ȼ۾֪ͷȴƾճԺ֮С
Сݣ󣡡
еһعģ
ˣ
ھҵ֮ʧСҲӼ֮˳վ֮䣬е͵̧ͷŲ񷡣
ϵ˵ɫ˲
Ȼżʧǿĸо֮ϵ죬Ȼʧˣ
ʲô취޷ٸ֪ĴڣȻҲǰ죬ΪѾˡ
ܹһۿ죬϶ͻ֣ᷢԭŲ磬ֻʣ°˲㣬ԭȵڰ˲ľ죬ǳΪߵһ磡
Ȼʵ֮еľųɾ϶޷źԽܣǶϵ˵ȴףʧȻ͵񣬺Ҷйء
ϣô죿
˵ĿȫϵϣҶڵ£ȻΪ˵䡣
ϳ˵ʵҲ޷󣬵ҶǾʲô춼ʧ١
еǣںηأ
쿴
ȻָգĽкš
ֻ·ǿž޴ǳ֮ϣڴʱȻһ⣬â֮У԰һ
죡
Ȼ˵ĽǶȿȥǿǳ΢һС㣬֪ˣϳʵϾʧ˵죡
첢δʧֻԭλã·
˵ԾţȴȷʵˣϺԥָҲ·
ҶڷʲôȻ춼·ôϵȻҲټȴҪǰ·ȥѰҵҶ
ҪˣҪʬ
ǻʲô
ԯ콾һա
һʱ֮䣬ϵȰλߣȭͺڰһǽ󣬳ա
ǵ󣬻ӰǶҪ·ʼĵȴǡ
ȻЩ֮УҲ˵ʵԱȼ
·ǰ·һΣ鶼һäӵ㵱ǺȥģʢҲվ԰ĵĿǷ׷׽ԽԽ˿ʼա
䣡
ͻȻзһҵıըĿһոճ·ˣδȿǿǳͱһɲ֪Уû˿ķ֮Ϊ˻ҽԶĴʧ
һ̣ؼһͣ٣
Щڳ·׼·ˣȫͣ
·ڣеģҲа֮࣬죬ڣǵһ·䣡
һĻʶˣǿ·ͨ˵еɽ磬ǿ˰ţһ죬֮ĳ֮·
ɣԹ룬ɵģм
ϸ˵һûУ
Ȼܶ˶ΪЩʧ·ϵ飬ܿѾɣֻǲԸٻص硣
ҲΪϣŻԽԽ̤·
ǸոȴǸصһǾӡ
·п˳ɣ·Ҳ֣ɱвп𣬾ͬǸһ·ṳ̂ϣͻΪޡ
Ҫ̤·Ҫ߱һʵҪɣҪ衣
ôǷҪ̤ܿǲ·أ
ģ鿪ʼӿ£鿪ʼתĬĬת뿪
ǣȻ黳ŽңԼʵƶĳ·
䣡
ȻҲԽԽ飬ڿըֱ䣡
쿴һɽ
Ϊ··Ȼһɽһͬһɽ壬״׵Ρ֮ɽ


2225 Ԫ
ͬһɽֻһĹ
ĹĴ˵ҲǲټܹۼĹˣȴ֮٣ȻĹȻƾճ··˵ǰס飡
Ĺ
ѵ
ܰɣѾ𣿡
᲻֮ꣿ
ָ˵ĿдֻȻδ̤·СݣעžǳԽԽĹн¶ϲɫ
Ī㣬һĪ㣡
СݵļȻѾָȻǵõһĹ֮һУĪΪĹˣһ˵Ĺ֮С
ۣĹ϶Īǡ
Ī㣬Сݣ
СݵĿзһ֮˾ͻһʹ⣬Ĺ
ǣ˵ע֮£Ǽ̤ǳĹȻͣȻȻͬʱһٴƾʧˡ
ôʧˣĪѾ·ˣ
Ӧòǰɣǰ˵·ΰ
ȥˣܲĹη壬ҵ·ɣ
˵֮Уĳλ֮ϣȴǺȻˣһŮˣһŮ
Ů˴һһȼյĺȹ毺õ֮ϴ֮ɫǣǸֻСŮ֣Сݣȷ԰Ҷ𣿡
СŮĵͷĪ㣬϶ԵģϢ͵ͼڵһһܹõĻͿȫĲٿصͼҶǳҪ
ֵȻСݺĪ磡
ȻĹ֮Ͻ䱸ɭϣ½ƣĹпκˣ޷ǿдĹ
еĽƣС˵ȴȫͬ裬ΪСݺĴڣĳЩ˵ӵĳͬϢԣСֱӽ뵽Ĺ֮С
ΪĹ֮Ī磬Ȼ̲Сݵĳ֣Ϊ˵ˣһ֮£־ȻСݣдĹе˵ֱһľϲ
ĪǱչô֪꣬緢ʲôǹҶȺѵ䣬ĪĴ㣬ǰ磬ϾҶѪǵĿӦܹһЩϢ
û뵽ΪĴڣĹͬ޷죬ټĹ֮֮꣬ڤڤ֮ƺӦ·ԼľΥϢԾȻԳ·Īһʱ֮Ҳ֪Ǻá
ʱСݳˣ
Сݸ˽ҶЩľһĪҪԼǰطȥȡһЩЩҶ
ڶСݵΣĪû˿ԥСԭȰԴλã
ĪеǣСݾȻҪȡһһĲڰԴĵ£ֻڵͼ֮²ŻֵĹŹֵ
Ī磬ѾǵǸŮˣȴδǵֻ֪ʱ򣬶ܸоǿ󣬾Գκһ
Īȴûų⣬ΪĹ֮ҲƵȻȫͬȴŹ֮ͬ
ЩԶڵ磬ڸߵ磡
Ҷ˿ĻͻĪ磬ĸ֪һ㶼û
ɽ磬ԪͼҲУұҶԼΪԪ
ҶԼҲҪȥռԪΪֻԪ㹻пȫƿԪͼͷųӶԸ
Ҷ뵽ˣԴпܲԪҲȥˣֻʱԾɴУټϾľ䣬ûм̽ȥȻҲ͵ǺԪʧ֮ˡ
ԪҶ֮⣬ʵ񣬵ԼһЩ˶⣬ֻûһܹɹѡ
ڣСȴͨԪͼܹ֪˴֮еİԴУȷ̲ԪԪǲٿصͼĹؼֻϧΪͼ֮飬ͼ޷ԪֲģϾ̫ǿһˣҶǾ͵òʧˡ
ҵĪ磡
ҸȡĪʵ
УĪ㣬磬һ޷أȿܲһ˿壬ԣҲоްĻôͿȫУ룡
֪ˣ
Ī˿СݵָԪͬʱ֮ȴٴδࡣ
һҫķĹȻ˲֮£Լٶ·ȥ


2226 һ
ʲôˣ
ҶӵҡҡλεվͷҲˣǰͻȻ֣Ҵһӣ˵Ҫһ·ȻԼͻ˹ȥ
ǷۿȥܵĻ˵Ȼ죬ֻǿУǵԭڸ綼ܿɣһž޴ǳѷûӰ
·أѵرˣһ˶ã
Ҷһ·رգǶ˵ʧĶɾʵ̫ˡ
û˼ȥַԼԿտҲʦ־ǣ˳ˣҲȫټҶִؼ䣬죬ƺֻʣԼһˣ
أ
ҶɫأΨһеĵľǣѪ֮鶼ʱͻ˷ڣҲ
ӵվҶæӶȥɲǼ㸲ȻôķΧ֮УȻûһĴڡ
ȥҶȫǣûзһ飬ǰսЩǵʬ壬ʧ١
ʵ֤죬ֻʣҶһˣ
ҶûżǶ۾ʼ˼ǰһУÿϸڶ
ӣӦǳɹѪ۷Ҫȫ׼ŻĸԸĵ·
ǣѪ۷ΪʲôôױˣϾѪ۷Ѿħ˵Ǻ͵֮ƽȵĴڣѪ۷Ը⣬Լħٴοٳһȫµĵ磡
ΪʲôѪ۷ᱻɣҪҳ˵䣡
Ҷ΢һ֮֮ͻȻӿԪ֮ƣ
֮ǰļ䣬Щͬѩһڿ̿൱һҶĴ֮Ҳ֮򿪣ֱֱеĵ֮ϡ
ʱ䷨򣬹Ԫ
ģЩƿʼ仯һĻĻڵ֮г֣ǵ֮󣬵Ҷ֮ǰ飡
ҶԪ֮ʱ䷨ĺ֮£ȻӲĽȥݣҲҶ˾ʲôȻʵеԽܣ˿죬쾹Ȼ·ˣ
ڵ֮УҶҵ𶯣Ҫըһ㣬һض𣬳յĸо
оΪʵټ֮ϾȻûǵ޴ѷ죬ҶԲ²ͬ˵һǿķӲĽ죬ͬڵһУһ·
·ûйرգΪԼѾ·ϣ
Լʦʦ㣬ֵѣԼƶͬʱȫһŹââǿռ֮һֱʧͬԽ˿ռ䡣
ȻҶ֮⣬еˣӦʽ̤·ֻǲ֪ڵΣ
УΪʲôԼһڣѵ뽫ԼԼȥ·
Ѿ֪龭ҶȻܾԴУڳٴɨһȦܣԳһЦû뵽һķʽ·
ҡҡͷҶٺ˼룬Ȼʧ˿УҪ뿪죬վ·ϡ
飡
һ⻪ȻҶǰ𣬴ױȵĿֲӲĽҶֱԭء
ͻ䣬Ҷûие˿⡣
Ȼ뽫ҹڣ̤·
ҶٻɽǺȻʥ죬ԼûκԽֻȫԼˡ
˫Ȼͬһ㣬ǰȻһ˺
ֻҪܹ˺һѷ죬Ҷаܹ뿪ϧǣǰĿռ˿޷ֺ
Ҷʩչ˻Ҫ뿪죬գԾڡ
죬Ȼıһ޴ҶѺ
ô£
Ҷüͷ壬Ѫ۷ħһҲܹԼһ֮а
뿪죬ôͲҪȥʲô·ˣҪȥžԼʦѣѰԼʦˣ
ҶһĪչʱ򣬺ȻоǰһĨɫæ̧ͷȥӳĶ˶ʱס
Ѫ֮ۡĹ
Ҷ֮п޴Ѫ֮Ĺʱ˿̣ȻǰԶ
ȻԶָҶпȥľ룬ʵϣѪ֮Ĺ⡣
ǣҶȴԿ϶Ѫ֮Ĺ죬Լ


2227 Ѫ֮Ѫ
䣡
Ҷע֮£Ѫ֮ĹȻݺݵײ֮ϣԶԶɼײ֮Ŀռͬ˺ˮһ㣬һޱ޼ʵ޾ţһܼĵ֣֮УԹһŴ

Ҷڵһ㶼İУٴοȻ˵Եס죬벻ͨӦöԼ𲻵ЧĵΪܹɹ赲סԼ
䣡
Ѫ֮Ĺһ𵴣ûƿ֮ײ˳ȥ룬Ѫ֮Ĺȴƶһ㣬ڱײ֮󣬾ȻٴԸײ졣
ǣҶĿţѪ֮Ĺھʮεײ֮һ֮УǼ᲻ɴݵĵײһ޴Ŀ
Ѫ֮Ĺɽ죡
Ҷ΢һԥӭѪ֮Ĺ˹ȥ
ڣԿ϶Ѫ֮Ĺ֮Իʱ֣ӦΪԼпܾרΪԼ
ĹУȻܹԼһЩɻĴ𰸣Ѫ۷Ϊλô׾ͱɣѪ۶浽û
ҶѪ֮Ĺ޴ķĹȻľֹͣƶ˿УƺһֱڵȴŽ죬ȴҶ̤ϡ
˿̣ҶվǾ޴Ĺ֮ǰĹѪϵ֣˿
ѾڶμĹϴΪѪ۷ĿأԼṳ̂ϵĻᣬ֮ȴ̤ʥζķĹ֮ϡ
ĹҶ֪ԼҶ˵ӦǲʲôԼĶԼУȴԼŸоǾǷĹ֮ӦһЩ϶֪Ķ
ĹҶİݣΪѪ۶棬ԼҶҵ֮ԼڣͬҲѪ۵Ѫ
֮ҶתĹ֮󣬳ǰľһ޴ͬĹ걳һķذ
ذܣһҶΪϤĵơ֮
֮⣬Ѫ۷Ǳħ
Ѫ۷Ȼڣֻʣͺͺķذ͸һ֮УţһѪۣĻ֮
Ҷվڷذ֮ǰûż룬廳֮С
ȻûܹѪ۶ͬһûлλ˵֮еĴۣԿ϶ϺѪ۷֮⣬ԼǵվĹ֮ǰ飬ܹʸλ廳Ҳһϵҫ
ذҫ۶ĿĽɫ֮⣬ûκε֮ҶĴ֮ȴǷһۣһ۵İۡ
۵״ҶӿԿ϶Ѫ֮Ĺʱ֣ײķԾΪԼ
Ϊ۵״һѪ
Ѫǰðˣ
֮ҶڻعٴζŷذһҾףֵסԼüģзһȣ
ʱҶ֮һѪ⣬ͬһ²ֱӷ⣬ͬʱһɿֲϢҲԶͷŶѪ֮Ĺܵ˸Ӧһʼ˾ҵĲ

Ҷһ𣬵üĵָǴ֮һڻİ˳ָ֮ȻһѪ
ѪҶڱɫò԰ޱȣеһ̶ѾȫĹһ
ľ״̬ȴǷǳ˫֮տտĶָǵ˸΢΢Ѫ
ѪҶѪѪ۶Ѫ
ҶǷ˵ʱǰѪѪ壬Ϊ˰Ѫ廯Σѣ߶⹫Ѫ峤ԣѪأӹ䶦ȡһΣҲƺΨһһΣʼ֮Ѫ
䶦ܣвһѪѪ
Ѫ۶棬ǺѪ֮壬ҶͬҲѪ֮壬£ԲҶֻǰѪ˵ݣʼ֮ѪҶڣԵأ̥ǡ
˵Ҷ֮ԻǿܴһֹҪ鹦Ѫ֮Ѫ
ҶذǸ۵Ѫ״İۣ̾ʶˣǾͬһһ׵ԿףԼڵѪ֮Ѫ
ȻףԲµġ
ϽĹҽѪ۷ץڷĹ֮ԣֽĹ֮Ĺ֮ϷһЩҲ֪顣
Щ飬ͺͽѪ֮Ĺڴʱ˿̳ҶǰֱӵĹ
ҶСѪߵ˷ذ֮ǰȻѪǸ֮У


2228 Ĺ
ˣ
Ѫ֮Ѫ˿ϷǶǸ֮УһʱѪ֮ϱĹʼҵĻζ
ǣ
һǰ޴ķذмһѷ죬ѷ죬߷˿ͬһȴ򿪵һ
һƬҶĴ֮۶޷˿Σ֪Լ˵ͬʱҲп
Լֵ˳ʦУʦ죬ԼѪۣϵˣ˵䲻ĻһǱȺ껹Ҫ
һʮǰʼһľ֣ЩֶԼۼ֤
ҶԼҶϵһ˻ɣǾ˵óܵˣѪ۶棬
Ѫ۲óܵĻܹڶ֮ǰһѪ˹䶦УѪȴֳΪԼĹԿأ
ֵһУǳ˴۸ӣֻ࣬ЩԼΪΪԼҲҪȥŪе飬ΨһľǰǵƣԹԵǲ֪ľС
ȻҶ֮ˣȻذĿȷ֮УⲢûκεķͽģ׼ͰЩǣǰúõľԹԵȥ
෴ŶƺڻӭԼѪ֮ĹҶȻһ˿衣
ԭܼ򵥣ۣƺ֪ԼˣֻһǾѪۣ
Ѫ۱ΪѪ۷ΪǾҪ˵ˡ
Ѫ۱һУĹ֮ȻӦòʲôѪ۷ڸħΪݽҶȴòϼӷ
οѪ۷׵ľɵҲҶġ
䱸ҲãҲãķĹ֮У϶ԼҪѰҵĴ𰸣ҶƬ֮ԾȻ˽ȥ
ǣ
Ҷν֮󣬷ذϵѷ쾹Ȼк£ٴλָһķذҶǰȡǵѪ֮ѪҲĪʧ٣֪ȥ˺δ
һУͬҶ֮У
ȻҽôȻ׼Ӧһпֵܳ״ȻѪ֮ѪƾӵеʵԼջƽ뿪
ǰһƬڣе㲻Ӧ΢΢˱֮۾ǰ
£ʵǺƽһСҶҲţĹֽţǴĸֿ϶ǲġ
ڽĹʱȿǵΣԲŻ֮ƽĹƣӶ𵽱ãһĹеĹȻ̫ӡ
ȻС·˴аңҶǰȻʣһ޴Ĺҡ
ȻԾûйԴĺڰȴǶҶκεӰ졣
ĹҸߴϰףΪ󣬵ȴտյĹҵаڷһߺɫĹײģ֮⣬
ǵҶĿǽڵʱȴǻȻһ
Ϊһ۾ͿһζѪһŶǼΪϤĻ
Ѩ֮ѨΪΪսΪѨսս
ǡѪսĹھҲƪĵһ仰ѪһŵĴ˶仰ѾĿ֮УҲǡ
Ѫսƪ̥ڡ֮еġҶҲ֪ΪСˡ׫дѪ׫д˺ɡ
ȻѪսĹҲѪۿô˵Ѫ۵ķĹ֮УھʵǺһ¡
Ҷȴ֪ĹĽϣϲû׹ң֪׹Ҳû£Ĺҵǽ֮ϣ
ôˣֻһܣѪ۱Ƿ
ֻѪ۱𣬰ϵĻ˵ѾˣôȻһжѪ۷ˡ
Ѫ۷ħϾѪ۵һ꣬ػĹʱ򣬽ΪѪ۵һ׷˼
Ҷ뵽ıȽϺһֿܡ
ҶȥͬϤһλ
֮壬߰ٶʮѨλܴͨÿһѨλѨѨͨ֫ٺ۶ڱǣ
ָӦþǵ񣬿ѪǰҪˣܵ񡣡
Ҷһ߿һп鲻ԽĻ˵Լ׹ʱΣĻһ㡣
ȻĿ˳Źھһֱʱ˵ȴȻסΪһûп֡


2229 
֮߰ٶʮѨλȫͨǷ֮ޣ
Ҳ
ţͬ䣬֮Ի֮Իգ֮Ի꣡
ѨѨѨѨѨѨ
߰ٶʮѨλ豹棬ΪѨȻԷ֮ޡ
һһţ
ѨһܹѨѨѨѨ
ѨԪѨѨѨΪѨΪ
⼸仰ҶڡѪսĹϴûпģڼ˵ġУҲûһλ
ǣѨλҶ˵ȴǿԿ϶⼸仰ȻڡѪսķ롣
ңӱʼ⼸仰ıʼǰıʼȫͬ϶ǳͬһ֮֡
ĪѪڿˡѪսĹ֮򣬿ϧû취ԾͽҲǽ֮һ˵ԭ򣿡
⵹Ǽпܵ飬κιڿ֮ȻǴŸָ覴ãֻͨϵĳܣԲ
ʵ˵ˣγһ
Ҷɴȥһעļλ
ĿǰΪ۽˵Щʵʮֺ⣬˵߰ٶʮѨλȫͨļޣпĿռ䣬ЩѨλºϲѨλһ壬һ꣬ѨͻѨ
ȻٽѨλϳһΪѨ
룬ֻˣ͵أʵ϶ӵһѨλѨ͵Ѩ
գգǽ˸ΨһӵеѨλٴνйԪֱ˶پѨλǵ
ЩҶһʱ֮仹޷жϳٺͿԣǡԪȴǼȤƺؼһУͬˣܹԪ⣬ҲԪ֮壡
ڵҶȻԪ֮ܵħͬǷȷԪ֮ٿԿ϶磬ǴֵģôȻҲһȫµĵ
ֻҪ뽫Ԫ֮չ׳ɵܹȫȡĳ̶ȣҶڻһĪչ
Ҳͬʼ̤֮·һûκκǰ˵ľΪοֻʯͷӣԼһǰһĥ
Ѫ۷Ĺ֮е֣ȴǰһͬеĳѾõĴһȻʣ֪Լδɡ
Ҳ·һĶԣٸṩһܹȥ
ΪѾ㹻ǿȻȡ񣬵ٿԺ⣬ʵϣҺȻԶܰ˵ģұѨλԪԪ֮ɣܺ⣡
ǰҶ뾡˰취δƿʶԼ͵֮仹żĲ࣬Ȼ˿Ѫ֮Ĺȴл࣬һжڤڤעһ
ֻǣ֪ԪҪʱ䣬ҵʦǺͺѣߣ䲻δû̫ʱ
ҶƬ֮󣬾ʱȴѪ֮ĹУŽ߰ٶʮѨλѨͻѨȻʽ̤·
ȻĻھͳ·Ҫ˵ԾɲǶ֣ʱ»ҪΪƣǾ͵òʧˡ
֮ҶټĹת˼Ȧֱȷκĵط֮еײ֮ǰ
ɫĹײģ׸ǽպϣޱȣֲͬƣܵıϵĻ˵ײ֮Ѫ۶ڵֺ֮󣬲дĲʬ塣
Ȼκ˶֪˹ײģǶߵһּΪصı֣Ҷȴһɳ嶯һҪ򿪹ײĿһ۵ĳ嶯
ԥ֮Ҷʵڰ಻סĵĳ嶯ŹײĹڵأѪǰҶɻΨп׷ɣ֮Ѫǰ
֮Ҷվߵ˹ײ֮ǰ׵ƵµƣȻһ˫ֱַץס˹׸ǵߣһƣ
׸ǵȷأǿҶ˵Ȼɵľͱ򿪣¶˹ײĵڲ
ҶûżȽ׸СĵķŵһߣվĽĿͶ˹ײ֮С
һ֮£Ҷһģŵŵš˳ʮಽⷽסΣϣ𾪺Ͳ˼飡
ײ֮Уʲôȱʬ壬Ȼһʬ壬ʬòҲѪ۶汾ˣ


2230 
Ѫ
ΪѪһ֮ÿҲΨһѣԴȷĻ
ҶֱҲļǵãϸԼ˵ģѪһԼΪʬĹĻ
ȻʱҶڸ֮УⲢӰļ䣬ҲȷԼûмǴ
Ͽ϶˵Ѫսһɱʬ嶼ǲȱȫģĹ֮УҲѪǲȱʬ塣
ڣ߹ײ֮еʬû˿ĲȱǧȷѪ۱ˣ
Ѫ˫۽գȻɫƤԵüΪĲ԰ף˿ȥȴ˯һ㣬
ʱĹҵϿգȻһ⣬Ҷ˹ȥֻǾԼڳһѪ
һѪ֮Ѫ
ѪΪ򿪷ĹԿףڿ˷Ĺ֮ҶͲ֪ȥ˺δȻû뵽ھȻڴʱڴ˵س֡
һ̣ҶȻ׹Ѫã˴Ѫ֮Ĺ⣬»ܹѪ
Ѫ۶棬Ȼ࣬Ϊʱĸ׵ĺӵ˺Ѫ֮壬ڵѪҺ֮Ѫʣĺô֮;ڲ֮ͬ⣬ӵв֮
ҲƾһѪ
ҶԼҲкüΣʧֻʣһѪҲƾһѪ¸ԭ
ԭҲûϸǹЩ£뵱ȻĽԼĸԭ鹦ڵʱѪ룬ѪȻйѪ֮ƺǸ
Ѫ֮壬֮
ˣ
Ҷ૵Ļ֮УеǵѪȻҵ֮ڿտĹ֮Уͬһ㣬ģ
ڣѪӿԼٶȣֱӳѪ۶ʬüģʧ٣
Ҷ˫ѾճȭĶŹײеʬ壬ԼҲ΢΢ţΪԤϵ飬飬һȥԻ磡
ǾѪ۽
ѪĽ룬ʬӱϿ˿ı仯ҶȴܸоĵһɹǿϢǵѪ֮ɢʬڡ
֪ȥ˶֮ͻȻˡһ죬ͬһ㣬Ĺֱ֮ҶΪ֮һȫעĿѪ۵ʬ塣
֮
ģ֮ԽԽ죬ԽԽܣս޶һ㡣
ৣ
Ѫ۵˫۶ȻѪֱУһɾǿϢϣ˲Ĺҡ
ڣѪۻĴӹУ
һ̣ҶԼȫѪҺѾ̣ĿѪۣĿԣ˭Ҳûпڣ˴עŶԷ
Ѫ۸
ǡ
Ѫ۵΢ţ³΢е˻ƵۣҶӴ֮оѹ
ûκεԥҶͨһѪ۹ȥ
ҶҺҶݼ棡
ҶңҶĺˣѪ۳һ˹ײģͬʱһӣһɻֱӽҶ
ҶվȻЩⲻܹ˭ǰһĻԶסĵļ𾪡
ѾѪۣȻٴθ
ң
Ѫ۵ٴ𣬶ҶæӦģ
ӣ˾н̧ͷҺúÿ
Ѫ۵֮жһɴ顣
Ҷҵ̧ͷѪۡ
ǵ磬幫Ϊǵһ𣬾ıʷһ֮ƷūۺͳΣȫµɺδ
ȻѪ۵ɫԾе԰ףȻѪ۵òеϣǴͷųǹɾ˵Ϣȴͬ棬Ծλ߳
ӣ˶ãʲô·ǷѾٴοҺú˵˵
ҶűѪۻҪɻ󣬵ȴʱԼɻѹļ䣬ǹԹԵĽѪҪ֪飬һһʮ˵˳
ʱ䣬Ҷ˵Ϊ࣬ӿʼ˵Ҳǻ൱ʱ䣬Ѫ۴ʼҲǰţûгϹҶֻϵҶĽ仯
Ϊ֮ʱϻŭ֣Ϊʰصʱֻ᷺Ц⡣
Ѫ۵飬Žϵķű仯ֱҶеȫ˵
Ĭ˰֮ѪƵ̾˿Ҷг˴Ȱ΢΢һЦӣղƺΪ棿
ǵģ
ѪΪѪʼ棬ڰǰ;ҪһλѪһĴ߳
ҶλߣȻҪƺѪΪˡ
ȻѪ΢һ֮ȴ˵һٴε߸Ҷ֪ĻʵҲѪʼ棬ΪֻѪ۵ķ


2231 ֮
ʲô
Ҷ˫ٿȻԲĶǰѪۣһʱ֮޷仰а˼
ѪѾŵɣħǸѪۣңֻѪ۵ķ
Ѫۿʼ˽ĽȻϵҶĲ࣬Ψһ𣬾ǽ˷˱
ǰʮǰѪΪѪ֮ټԸңչ֮ʱԤ߻ħħԴ󷢣Ȼħ
ϵ˵ǣѪԼļᶨӲһħȻʵϣȴѪڵļᶨͬʱҲʶҶǹ⣬Ǿǵħ֮ϵ
ǣѪħ֮ѸһǽԼԾѵһ˿ǣһ굱У˷ҲڳҶǰѪۣ
ôĿģܼ򵥣ѪҪͨħħ֮󣬴Ӷӵк͵񿹺ͬҶٿٳһħ硣
ѪҲԼľԶΪħԸԼϣԲűƳǣԼȴǼħ
Ϊʱ·ִ٣ܸκɹ֮뿪ڰ
Ѫ۱ʱҲΪħ˵ߣ̼Ϊͽ
飬Ҳǰϵ˵ķչȥֻѪ۱ͷĽɫ˶Եѡ
ϵ֮ʱ̼֣˵ǵͷչһսսռ˲ȱʬ壬
Ψһ޷飬ΪʲôѪ۱ǸħķȴܹڣȻ˽ͣʵֻǷıȴǱץĹ֮ԣԼķĹֱٴα̼ٻ뿪˵֮֡
ҶҲˣΪʲô̼ٻѪ۵һֻԸԼʱԼԹԪ֮һѪ۱ͷĻ棬ʵϽɫǵߵġ
ΪԼϵĻΪŻŪңѪǿн̼֮ʱԼҪֹѪ۷һȣ󵨣ҶҶҳ֣
ʱԼΪȣûм֣룬ܣǲң
پǴӹԪ֮ĹѪۺĻ棬ԼҲܾһΡ
ڣһжˣ
Ϊʱ̼ѪۣԼѪ֮ѪѪ۵ĺˣѪۣԼĲҳ֡
·ϣڳ֣Ĵ治
ʧһιȥҲǱѪ۱ǿĨȥΪľµ֪ࡣ
ϾˣܼȥˣǷҲ֮ʧ
֮Ѫۻ˵ԱħȴΪǷսȴΪǱ
ȻҶ֪ʵ࣬еΪ𺳣ȴòѪ۵ĹҺʹ󵨣ΪôĻôѪѾǷǱ𣬼ΪԼһѪҲǲκεá
ڷĸҲǺܺýˡ
Ȼʼδô˵ֻʣ²ȱʬ壬ȫʧҲٴһֻѪΪ˱ԼǲŻⱣס˷֮ǰµһѪҲڷó
Ҷãòײǽʵҽейһ飬ȥ֮Լһ⣺ȻħѪ۱ôΪʲôĸԸɣ
֮У޵еĴڣΪߣµĵҲĶֻ֣õΪѪۣӵħŻ뿪磬ǰ··У񶥶һʵǿĴڣǾԴﲻ޵еĳ̶ȣκ˶лɱңֻҪһڣ͸ȫɱ𣡡
˵Ѫ΢΢һЦοֻõ˱ͨҺͱ֮ϵǲ·ϣʱʱ֪̿λã
ͣҶȻˣѪ۵ҲͶˣӣȻѪ۵ΪȷðգһȴҲ֮С
桭ȻǰֻѪ۷չѪۣҶƣ汾ǲҲ֮ͨ
Ѫ۹Цӣôʱ򣬾ͻ֣ᷢκζǶ֪һЩȻڿɲ㣬ϼһΪ֪֮ҿһ죬Լ˭ˣ
ҶҲڨڨһЦλ֮Ļ٩ɲҶ˵֡
߰ɣӣȥҵɣ


2232 
ѰҵҶûκǿΧǽϵЩ֣ȴеԥ
ҪһʵȻȥѰҵҲп֮ο·Σأʵǿ㣬ǻкôġ
ǰѪȻǷǿҶĿ⣬ܲЩʲô΢΢һЦЩҵıµģӦеãҸոոʵҲδص۷״̬ҲҪʱָ
ȻѪ۷չҶҶȻֵͬ⣬˱ʱĹ֮Уȹһʱ֮뿪
Ҷߵ˿󼸾仰ǽ£ĿǼ仰ܿ뵽˳˼״̬֮С
Դڼоʮһıչ֮ҶҲûѵôһʱ䣬˵Ȼ˿ϵ
Ѫ۷ڿҶչ֮΢΢һЦҲ۾
߰ٶʮѨλܹںΪѨλ
Ҷ˼⣬Ҫ֪ͨѨλףֻҪҵÿѨλϵľλãȻϵĳֱͨͿˣںϾˣϾѨλλöǹ̶ģܲǿиıÿѨλλãеѨλȫѻһɣ
ѨλΪѨͻѨȻһǺйأһǺйأǰҴûнЩѨλóᣬϸоһÿһѨλܷһ֡
Ҷ㰴ķѨλƣλãٵãһѨλһѨλĿʼϸо
߰ٶʮѨλȫ¹һ֮󣬾Ȼķ֣ʮѨλйأʮѨλȴǺйأýѨλһΪ
һΪѨλҺеˣ
֣ҶлȻʡ
ںϳѨλָĲǽеѨλںϵһ𣬶ӦָͻѨλֱͨһÿʮѨλһѨλ
Ҷ뵽ˣ֮ϣǿִ󵨣ʵԾ˵ٶڷɿţ̶̼ʮʱ䣬ʹﵽ˱Ҫ꣬ǧܴﵽ̶ȡ
񣬼Ȼòҵһ·Ҳȥϸ룬ɴ·ֱӿʼߡ
ʱ䣬ҶĲϳԺһĹȥʼնԵѪ۷ÿһʱͻȷûʲô֮±ȥ
һ죬Ѫ۷ͻȻоĹ֮ڣȻһɹɿֲæ۾ʱǰֳһиһ
ټĹ֮УѾȫ⣬ʵ̫࣬¶γһƣԷת״̬һ磬ϵĳҶڡ
ҶλãֻһΪһΪüģ
ĿλѾתԽԽӿ룬Ҳʵ
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ȥƺѾֹͣת̳һͼʵϣȴԾתֻΪٶʵ̫죬ڳֳһ־ֹ״̬
ʱҶ۾峺һƬȴֱԼüĺ͵ﴦ΢΢һ㡣
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ֻǼȹߺγɵģ˵һ޶ĴڣͬʱҲǼ˿óҶ
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2233 ̤·
ҶĵҶĻ϶ʱ¶˾ϲ֮ɫҶİһ֮󣬾ͱҶ֮С
һ֮ҶҲվѪ۷΢΢һЦ棬ұչ˶ã
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ҶȻףõ֪Ѫ۷Ĵڣô϶ͻԼɵĸħѪɣԵȷҪܡ
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Ѫ۹һЦһ뿪Ѿ˽ķĹҶҲ뿪վĹ⣬һӣֱӽĹͬͽԼ硣
ȻһĹе㲻飬Ҷʵ᲻Ĺ֮ڿŵЩѪսĲ书ԼѾѧᣬμסԼʦʦͬҪԼȥһһԶԶԹĦҪı
ǸȱڣͿ뿪뵽·
Ѫ۸ոոҶչصµʱȴ˽һټϣѪ֮Ĺʱ죬ҲѪ۱õİţȻ֪̤·
Ҷ˵ͷһȦ죬ап֪Ƿлٻˡ
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ѪһҶļķһ͵ȻҶûпֱܵӴҶ˿Ǹ޴Ļڡ
ƾһ㣬ҶаԾȻʼûʹѪ۷ʵжǿӦúԼ֪࣬ԼѪ۷վһĲࡣ
ȻѪ۶Ƕֵĵ񣬱ԼҪǿĶ࣡
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ת֮䣬˾Ѿ죬ǰģȻһͬש̾͵Ľɫ
ޱȣǲʻ´࣬ңң޼ʣѣһۿȥͷ
·
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£Ѿɫ·ĲѰ֮ǾԼȻʩչռ˲ƣֻܷлֻߡ
һĽѪЦŽ͵·Ȼ˵һɷУĻҪʵʵԽǿ·ϾͻߵԽԶߵԽ죬ԽԽߡ
Ҷ֪Ѫܲ˲ƣҲڿзУǼæϣһɣҶٴθоһѹ
ѹ֮䣬һεϵڿռ֮УκҪǰһ㣬ҪͻЩϣӶܹϵǰС
ȷǰҶҪһô·ϾҪһҸѪ۵ĻߵԽԶԽߣȻĵҲԽࡣ
·ūһ峣ػرգ·һٿǳɣʵϾʹһٵؿһأڣֻƾʵʮŵؿ֮Ȼߵţɽ磬һɡ
ڵλãʵϻ·ǰһڿռ֮ŵڣ׳ţ̤֮󣬲·
Ѫһ߷УһΪҶ⣬ͬʱϵתͷ֮ܵ⣬Ҳ飬ǿӣӦһ̤·ˡ
Ҷеżĵǿɣ
żţӦþܿͬˣڵһؿ֮ӣ˼׼ɣμס·ϼʮ
Ҷ˼Ѫ仰ʱǰȻͳһƬѤõϼ⣬ϵĲϼ˼һ㡣
ţ


2234 
ǰľҶѪ۸ղǷ˼ˣ
һѤõĲϼ֮ţأ֮䣬ȥޱȵĻԻͲãŹǿţκ鶼޷ֹԼĵ˷ܺͼȲҪȥ
ȻôһĴǰȴһƬͬһĿֲ
ʬأѪɺӣ
ʬ壬һȥҶ޷жһӵĴ֮ǰ
ЩʬģģֲģһЩֳ֮˵ģеʬǱãеʬȴǲȱȫеѾΪһ̲⽴ǰǺ顣
Ҷˣ
𾪵ͬʱҲһķŭ
·ʿ鶼ռ֮
Ҷã֮ľɽ磬ԼԸһΪеɽʵ̫Զ
Ϊ̤һţͱҪĴֵۣ
ȽҶ𾪣һԵѪȴǼΪƽڸܵҶŭ֮Ҷļӣˣ·ֻǸһᣬǲûй涨˭̤ϴ·ʵκ˶֪̤·ȻΣأȻҪ̤ϣǾ˵Ѿ׼
Ҹղ˵ĺ·ǿ֮·ľʵûһʵҪɣ˵ĻɣҲͲԵôأӲôˡ
Ѫ۵ĻҶԶԣΪʵ飡
ͬŪǸսһ˽֪սͬǱΣգΪ˳ǱڵĳУΪλ˴֮ʹɱ֣˿ɽ
ΪԱ飬˲һ飬ֻԼ޾鷳
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Ҷû˵ʲôǻߵʬ֮У򿪴ۣ֮ѰǷԼˡ
̣Ҷʼڼ»зԼʦʦ㣬ԼֵܺѣκϤף
ҪһȦЩѾѪģʬ֮⣬ҶûпһԼˡ
ȴҲһ˿ɻǾд󲿷ֵòŴ磬ΪİԼδ
ȻҶһԼɷ˵Ĳ룬ԼԼԲȦͼΡ
ѵ֮⣬Ļ磿ħ磿磿
Ҷ仰Ѫ۵˵ͷȷ磬뵽ͬ棬ǲҿ϶ڵõȷϣʵϣҲʲôܣܹ·ϳɹģ֪飬ֻܹˣĿǰΪֹǵԹϵڣԲᳬļأҲЩǰûģǣѾҲˣ
ȻԼĲ²Ѿõʵ֤ҶԾԵеţָŵϵЩʬǾģ
ӦôˣѪѾЩʬ忴ˡ
Ȼصʬ壬ҶѪ˵ĶԣȻҵ·ô˵Ѿ׼ֻ˵Ǹ߹Լʵǵ͹·ϵΣա
ңȻ϶ĴڣǾͬսһͬһ˼棬˴֮ȻҲᷢˡ
Ҷתһ룬ҲУǱϾ·սսƶĸֹ򣬶λҲޣԽսвŻ˴ɱ·ֻҪûƣӦ˵϶ࡣ
ʱѪۿڵӣ׼õĻǾ̤Űɣ

Ҷջ˼κⶼûˣԼٲԸɣΪԼֵʦųǣԼûеڶ·ѡ̤·
㿴ŵ㣡
Ѫ۸Ҷ˵Ļᣬ£ѾԥһǰĲϼ֮С
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ϼޱȵƽǸôżκһȻеΣ޷ֻ֪ͨԼԳԲ֪
ҶȻԴ󣬵Ƕһţȴһյģһ뵽Թ̤֮۷ˣܹҲζţһһĽ޺·ˣ
Ҷ˿ȻʱͻȻһ󺰣ȵȣ


2235 ع
ҶѾҪȥĽŲΪ󺰶˻ͬʱתͷԼ
ֻɫ֮ϣһӰڷɱҶؿһˣӥǰۣһϮɫۣ̽˫֮оȻ뵣ڸƣ֣޷Ϊ
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Ҷ֮ʱ˫֮еӿһ£ָƽҶһֵعţ̨֪γƺ
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ҶͬȭҶ
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ع˵ʱ򣬵ͷеȻһӿ̧ͷʱ۾Ѿָƽʧ٣΢΢һЦ˼Ҷ֣һ··ϾȻһˣҴпֻţò׿Ҷ֣ųкҪҶֽ飡
ҶѪΪԼѾ̤·һˣû뵽ھȻиعţڶԷҶȴûƴǣͷȻԣֻҶĳΪ΢·Σķֻµʱ֡
عŹһЦҶ˵ЦˣȻ±չض꣬ǶҶֵĴȴҲжţҶֶΪ΢ҵȸɴҲ·ˡ
ⷬҶһȻԷ˵ԼǾ˵϶Լһͬĵ硣
Դ֪֮⣬ҶеĹȻҲı䣬ЦŵͷȻͬһ磬ôӦ
ʱعŵĿѾܵʬɽѪУȻž֮ɫҲһţƺֲһ㣬ͷǸˣҶ֣ѾһˣҲͲҪٵʱˣŰɣ
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ҶǺ⣬ѪҪΪԼ·һҲ̽̽·ΪعŴͷȻعʲô
عԼеϤĶҶҲȻΪ·ȻѾڵ֮⣬ôͬһˣ˴˼䶼еϤҲûȥ롣
عҲ治һֵҶ룡
Ҷ΢΢һЦٶ˵һǲϼ֮˽ȥ
عŵУҶĽͺǰѪ۵Ľһϼ֮и˿״
ԭվƬ֮عŵͻȻ¶һ˿ЦҶѹֵڶԭ㣬ɼˣʵұʮǰͼģû뵽ֱڲϣߣǲ֪˭ˣãҾ͸ߣ㵽ʲôطֵõӣ
˵֮عֵƬ̣Ŀ⿴ΧЩʬ壬ٴһЦȻǶˣϵĶҲ˷ѣȫ˰ɣȵҳ֮ǻҲܸմմ⣡
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عҲУ̤ѤõĲϼ֮С
ǰڻָƽֻʣصʬѪ
Ҷϼ֮УͻȻëȫһɼΪΣյĸоͷðҲ˫ڿӶ
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һﲻԣǳɹˣȻĻ϶ᱻϼͳȥ
Ҷͷת˫ֵٶҲǿ磬ϵ۳֣赲ԼĹͬʱҲھܵǰȻܴԽԽԽԽǿ˫ȿֺҪԼ˺Ƭһ

ڣҶķ֮۵ٶȣ΢΢һͣ̾һֱӿҶڣ֮Уһ̣ҶҲﲻԾˣ


2236 ׳
;ʥأѪڵѪ֮ڣ
һ̣ҶԼһζʱΣһķ򣬾ǲõ;뵽߾磡
ھ֮жڣ˵·ˣ
·ʵʵʵԲ˿ͶȡɣȻĻɲðգֻҪøֽǲڸԿٵСлǿķ֮У̤·
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ȻҶ˹ؼڣǴʱ˿̴˵أ֪׸βܽΣգ
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ĿкϵĴ˷ַ֮ȫתΪŬƶǰ
Ҷгת֮£һǿȻӲĽЩϼӿ
ҶĿģҪ˷ĿֲԼѾ۳ɵѨ֮У

ڣһӿҶеȴҲҶ޷ݵʹ࣬ǧ룬֮ϣ̲סʹ֮
ţԽԽʼӿ룬ȻʹӾ磬ǵҶЩǿתΪԼҴ֮ȻźǰһС
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βͶѾ׶ϵ֮Ҳ˺ۣѪ죬Ϊ˱ͬ˲ᣬǲô˵ȷһһźǰ𽥵˺Ҷ֮ľ롣

ͨ۾ҶϼıԵֻһ֮ңԼ˫ۺܵҲѾﵽ˼ޣ֮£зһ
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Ÿոţʽ̤·һؿδҶѾ˳ǽ·ôߣ


2237 
ȥˣҶȻûѣѪۺعˣʼվһԵȴš
Ѫ۵ȴҲͰˣеֵǣΪعŵˣȻҲǼԡ
˵ʵѪ۶عţûаĺøУڸռʱ򣬲֡
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Ѫͷ۵ľҶƣ˫֮еϵѾԽԽ࣬ۿžҪˡ
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Ҷ֮ѨҲ߰ٶʮѨλͨɣѨô»ѨλҲȫʱ򣬾˳֣ҲԽȻˡ
ϧκ룬ҶкֻԼް취ȶסѨλѾ죬ʱѰ
ѪżˣֻǷΪ̳еԭѪ۵ǺԸԶҶǼΪģ޲ܹЩơ
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Ҷ۵ȻδըҲڱıԵЩ˿ĳ룬ѩϼ˪˲Ϣ֮䣬Ҳ֮ը

ѪۺعŶûϵǣȫըͬʱҶͻȻ췢һУȻ־ץԼ۾
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֮ҶдҶ֮ϣ߰ٶʮѨλ֮УҲٴͷų˸Ѩ
ֻѨǳ۾˿УǣģҶ߰ٶʮѨȻ۳һõľ޴Ҷ


2238 
ΪҶ֮󣬾ʼմڻ״̬֪ѾһΪŹֵĻ֮С
ͬһܳźڰںڰ֮УǵĹâֻȽȥݷޱ޼ʵĺڰ˵ЩâԵüΪĲۣͬө֮һ㡣
ÿһâڵĵطһڿе½أҶѪۺعžͬһ½֮ϣ½صܣһƬޣ
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㣬һ̫һɢ޾Ĺԣɢ˴ʱ˵֮еĴ󲿷ֺڰܵĿռ䣡
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ҶȻ˶̵ʱѪսĹٴһףոںϵѨͻѨٴںϳһѨλѨ
˿Ѫ۵апΪǱȻ뵽˽Ѫս䵽ĳ̶ȣʵϣֻǱһ뷨
ڣ㱾ûиħԼҲաѪսĹУҲԲô̵ʱڣһ㡪߰ٶʮѨλһ
ȻҶȴˣ
ոս߰ٶʮѨλںΪѨλ֮󣬽ֹʱ䣬һ˻Ե֮УٴνѨλ϶ΪһѪ۵ĻΪʵ
ѨһܹѨѨѨѨ
ҶѾΨһѨܽѨ͵ѨҵѨԪôĴɣ
Ѫۺعţʱ˭Ҳû˵˴˶ǱųĬעſǸ޴ҶĴ̫ͬһҫ۵Ĺ㡣
֮еĹâʼȻ޴ҶҲ֮ʧֱȫɢ
һжָƽҶҲ۾
˿̣ûҲûκεĶеֻһƬ峺ƽˮ豹档
ӣģøɲŻˣ
ѪۻعЦһҶ˴ĴָԼĿ佱
ҶҲϲɫȷøԭ˿ˣ˭뵽ǵûʵٴθһ¥
Ҷ֣ϲˣһԵعҲæ߹ҶֵϲȻ֪ղҶϷʲôǶҶʵȴԵĸо
ӣô뵽ģѪ۸عţҶѯ
ǰѪ۵ĵһκκ˶ȲҶֻпԼԾȣ£ҶȻܹԾȳɹɲʲôҪм
ҶǶعŵлȻŻشѪ۵⣬Ļشʮּ򵥣Ʋƶ
ͬҶ۳һֻеڵӡȫը鳾п۳
ҶԼոճεѨλըͬʱʹ̼˹̾ʶʲô¡
ʼҲǼΪңǹؼʱ̣ȴһ֣뵽˻᲻ԳûѨλںϳһ
ٽϵԸ뵽ûκεԥ̿ʼԣյĽҲ֤뷨ûд
Ѫ۵ͷипĵƲƶ˸˵򵥣ܹмǲ룬ǲңᣡ
ȷǲңᣬòȡõĳɹҪȥҪȥֻΪһȷδ˭ң˭ã
ҶҲͷǰãֻˣܵõʵҲǻԵɺϣбҲȥǱ
Ѫüͷ˵㾿ʲôȻܵصˣ


2239 
ѪۺعҶоһ֮˶¶֮ɫ
Ҷ˵Ǿܵ赭деļѣ
·ֹĴˣ˭ܹ֮󣬾Ȼܽڲŵ飬ǿͻȥ
Ҷ˵֮ɫȴԷһͬ뿪ڷûˣȻ뿪Ѿ¶棬ûκεıǲ֪ʲô飬˷֣ҲͰˣ˵ĻǺ
̾˿Ҷûټ˵˼˭ף飬ȻԾɲھʥغ֮УʧȥҶıھͬһˮһ¶⣬飬ȫ֪淢ʲô
ṳ̂·ǻõ㣬ǴУʱܵʲôΣգͬعٵģˮ򣬷е飬˭Ҳ֪ʲôĺ
Ѫ۰ο࣬Ȼ㶼ܴ֮٣ͳţô˵ǵĸ󣬿϶µģ˵·ѾôʱˣĶˣӦò˸ˡ
ǰһԵعҲǵͷ͵ҿ϶һ̤·ˣˡ
ʵ֮⣬ҶһģǾһԼزȥô죿
·رյģһر֮ʱԼδܸϻȥ֪ǻʲôľ档
ֻˣҶȻҲûİ취ͳȥѾļˣΪٴҪٻȥҲǲܵ£ֻԼܹƽ
԰
ǣعźȻ߶ŵȻʵ̤·ûмǴĻ񣬶иԵӰɣѵȫͬҶһ˻ȥʱûпҰѲɣǶɹĴӴţ
عôһᣬҶոշµģٴ԰ץҵʦʦǣʦʦǵʵӦܹ̤·ǣϹ飬ս죬Ӱǡ
ˣѪͻȻڣӣҶĻģֲǵһ·ˣ飬֪ıǶ࣬ôȻĽǴߣȻҪȥ϶а취Ǵš
ңԼԲµʵųԭ򣬲һΪпǺ͵йء
͵йأҶعͬĵ
Ѳɣֻߺʹ߲ܴţ
ȸһ
Ѫһָܣ;Ͳ˵ҶֱʱſԼĻһ֮£ʱΪ֮ס
عţȻͿˣȴ벻ʲôȻټ·ΣأȻѾʽϣ˭Ҳ֪Σյ׻ʲôʱʲôط֣⼸ɵҶߣҲҶ뿪
ҶĿѣΧһȦ֮ŵźܶ½أСȣֻ½֮й㣬᲻ᣬһ·ÿй½ǰУִܵһؿ
ҲôΪģѪ۵ͷһ£ﻷ֮дڵĵ

Ҷ΢΢һ֮ٴԴ֮ۿȥһ֮£ȴɫʱ䣬Ϊ޾Ŀռ֮УһֵƣȻֵƣҸ򣬵ȴϵĳ֮ƣ
֮
ǵģ֮ûв´ĻǶˡ·ھʮŵء仰壬ָǾʮŵؿǾʮţأ֮ؿڣӦþ֮УͨĵһؿӦҲ֮أ
Ѫ۵ĻҶعȻ𾪲ѣΪǸû뵽һ㣬ǰڿռ֮е֮ƣһŵ½أö֮йأ
˵ĻʮؿһؿΪһֵҲǾʮֵ
Ҳ˵ųĹؼҲǽֻΪ»ԵĸΪԵͣԵĻӦþ˳ͨ෴ԵһϲͨΪߣӦҲһͨ
ȻЩҵĲ²⣬Ҫһȥ֤
عŵ¶һ˿֮ɫǰǾҪβ˳ͨأȻȷԵ򣬵ĵ֮ǰϵûУ
˵ˣⶼҵĲ²⣬ôͨҲ֪
Ѫ۶عȻԾûкøУشĲ䲻
Ҷŵô˵ȻǶѾˣֻܼǰȰողǿܷ񵽴һŹ½˵


2240 
˿̣½أһй½أϰٹңҪǻƽʱ룬գ۾͵·Уȴ˭Ҳд
Ѫ۵ԵʱѾԹˣܷҲ˲ƣʯͷУֱӾͻ£ǸûеһҶڿռ䷨ûҳԣаյĻһ¡
ҶͷһºЦŵУûпռ䷨Ҳֹˣһɾ鷳ˡ
ϰٹľ룬ܷɣ۵ռ䣬ҪԽǲܵ¡
ʱعգ۾ǿɲԾɱ½أƵй½֮أ
һ½أûжԶ׶ѣϸ˵Ѿ½ˣԲһ
룬ƾԾķʽȷǰֻǶصĲ˽⣬˭Ҳ֪ﵽûʲôء
ǱҪֱй½ϣǿԾ½һƹȥߴˣѵʱҲûʲô¾»
Ƭ֮󣬴½뿪ȴĿǰΨһİ취Աһ¡
ع֮⣬ҶѪ˶ҪȥΪȻǳԣȻһҪи̽̽·ǿ½Сɲˡ
ѪЭˣͬҶ̽·ȻҶȷǿǸԭ򣬻Ϊعţ˵ʵʵڲعźҶһҶعƺкøе£
ӣһҪСģκβԾ̻Ѫ۲ĵĶ
֪ˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦٶ˵һΣ˫ŷ˾ͬ˵һ߸ڿ̤Խ׾룬ȵվǿС½֮ϡ
飡
Ҷ˫أͬһ㣬վıֱֱԷκβⷢĺȻǽµ½رǰһ½ػ߻ȥ
֮ǰѾܵĻˣȻй½֮Զͨ½صźܶ࣬ԳȫȻǲõûŵĵط
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Ѫۺعŵͬʱ𣬶Ҷ˶˿ܵû£ӦÿУҼǰһ½أǸҵĽŲȵй½˵
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˾ͬһ㣬֮УϵĿʼһ˸ո뿪һ½أһ£˴֮䵹Ĭû˿ͣ١
Ҫǣһ·֮ϾȻûκεΣա
ػǰ˽֮Ҷڿˣ
һ½֮ϣĸˣһŮһڱչشһȻҲҶֻ۾Ҷһ֮󣬱±ϣƺ׼Ҷ
ǵϣ¶һ˿֮ɫ
˿ҶȻʶ˲ԾæͣΣѪۺعŶҲͬʱϵߡ
ˣعŴϲڿˣȻҶΪֻ֮ˣ
һȫİĿռ֮У˵Ĵڣȷϲһ飬ȻǰҶûпĳĻ
ԾҶѪ۶ˣҽղ˵ı˵˳ңǵĴţӦòǵˣ
عһ㶺ǰɣǶһϵˣ
عűѯʣȻȴǸδһȻӦ
ȱˣѪۿžѾԶǿй½صȵǿ½˵ߣعţǣǸ춯Ļɱǣ
˵⻰ʱѪûôƽ˵ǴɱȻҲ˵ĶУ۾Ȼ϶ǴŨļˡ
عҲɵ˶Լһģͬ·ϣ˴˶Ǿ֣ȻҪˡ
ãҶ֣Сĵ㣡
ҶƳһۣҲǣǰ˴йĴ½֮ǰ
Ȼ˿֮ҶٶһԾ˫̤½֮ϣ
Ȼʱ䶸
ҶֻǰͻȻһ½ǲ֪Ժδ΢âͻȻϨ֪ˣ룬ٴ߸ԾŲԶ֮һ½ȥ
䣡
Ҷո˲䣬ǿйĴ½Ȼըܷɽ


2241 ΪʲôҪ
ǿйĴ½ȻҶ˫ȥͬʱԼըˣ
ҶӦĿ죬΢ϰ벽ĻûбըĴ½˵ҲΪⲻ䵽޾֮У
ͻȻһĻһ·ϵҶδѪۺع˶ǵ˿عŰңΪղĻԼûҶôķӦڡ
˵ϵĳҲǻ˶ݣͬʱĿһҶƺֱʱҶǵע⣡
ҶҲǣ˫ĿһӣҶȻ׹ǿ֪ˣ
ҶĻȻѪۺعŵĿҲ˹ȥ֮гϵһߣ˷Ӧĵ˵ͷǣܹʮˣʮŸѾˣ
ѹ֣ԭҶ֮ǰͬһܹʮʿֻͬʮ˶ôķӦԵ䵽֮С
Ȼ֪ô£ȴⲻ˵ֻվһԣĿ޷׼ҶҲͬĺ󳾣ֻû뵽ҶķӦô죬ûеȥ
ߵĻ£عźȻڵԣ½ѾˣѵǶʮͬʱȥĲɣ˵ǰﻹŹ½أ
عŵʵĲһ·ϰٿ½أûκε⣬ûըй½رըôĹ½أȻôܻжʮ˶̵¡
û뵽عŵȴٴϵĳ˵֮⣬۾
ף
ȻҶһף
ֻǸոը½أƮɢ˷һȻƶһһ
Ƭ̵ĹЩȻٴ۳һȫµĴ½Ҵ΢Ĺâ
ԭ½ը֮󣬻ۣ
һʮ˵ĵҲǺˣ
ȻҶȴĿ˵ҲͰˣȻһ¶ϣվһ䳰ȷԹۣ
ΪҴߣ֪Ҷֵʱ򣬾Ȼֻĵȴţ׼ҶҲȥ
ѣ߽һ壬¶һ˿ɱΪʲôҪѣ·ûʵûʱľ򣬾ͲҪ̤ϣȻˣҲͲҪŵõ˵ѡ
ʵ˵ʵ·ǵ磬Ƿ֮Уǿߣ涼Ǻ㶨׼
ڵ֮£㣬ֻ˵Ǻ⣬ѣʵǴ˶ѡ̬ȡ
Ȼĸ˵ʵҲȻͬҶһѣټҲҶǶ࣬ԸûнҶ
ҶܷŭǸȴΣηԷˣֻ粵ԷĻΪԶԷ֡
ѪȴǲˣѪ۱ԸͼΪңʱ䣬ҲδйģҶΪ˵֮£۸Ҷ
飡
Ѫλζֱӳ˶Է½֮ϣֱ½ؾһһѪ˲ͽȫ
ҶҲûϵѪ۾Ȼ˸ɴ࣬˵־ͳ֣æҲԾ˹ȥ
ع΢һԥ֮Ҳһҧ󣬱ϾҶһսϵģʱѡԹۣһҪͨصĸʾ͸ˡ
棬˰ɣ
ҶȻλȴЦһȻǾԹˣ
ˣ
һɫսͻȻƾճ֣һһȻҶͬʱƺ뽫һɱ
ͬʱѪ۵Ѫ֮𣺡ǶҪ֣½ؾڣ
ԭѪѪۻµͬʱͻȻ俪ʼ˵ڳȥѪԼȴվԭһֱҪԼʱ򣬲ſһա
飡
һ촫Ѫ۵ֱס壬һĿ˲仯һѪ۵ס˷ĵС
飡
ͻȻһڰıը˵֮ϣȻըСǱɸһÿһС֮УһѪ
Ѫ⣡
ߵ֮ڳһ˿ţǽȴǻ˷񣺡ɱǣһɣ
֮ѪȻ䱩ǣȪһ㣬ѪһɿֲϢȫ
ˣ
Ѫ۳
Ѫ֮ס˶Է˵ѪҪʱһһԴǿдϢ½صȷڣȫʩչĻܻܿ
Ȼû뵽߾Ȼ˱ңǿгѪ⣬ͬԱһ㣬ͷųǿҪ½أ˺һ


2242 ǿ
Ѫ磡
ѪһȣǰڳѪȻըѪֻǵǰҪ࣬Ȼֱӽ½ضȫ
Ѫİ֮£ڳֻֽܵͬסӲĽ±ƻڣ
ߵɫʱͨ죬Ǻ˾һ¶ȴޱȵľ֣
Ҳλߣڵĵ֮УҲһλ֣ӦþͬһĴڣ۸ڶȻûнҶ˷Ǵ벻˿ֵ̺ģλò˵ߣǵ֮ĵǴ޷ɱĶ֣
飡
һƵߵڴÿ֪ѾȫӲļ
ֵǣʱ˿̣ȴû˿Ѫֻøӵĺ类һ㣡
üѿֻʵٿһ뿪ȻѪȴһûҵͬ⣬룬Ѫ꣡

ǰըûѪھȻߵ֮ͬȪһȻҲƫУȫߵ֮УʱɫȾ˺ɫ
ı˲̣ʧȥеʶ˿УѪ۵д˼ƣ֮󣬾Ϳߵ꣬ȻԹԵķɵѪ۵
ޱ飬ȴɢһɱѪ֮վѪٲȻͬһ㣡
Ѫ۵ɨһۺĵӦøеңΪƳĵһѪ
Ϊ֮󣬻϶ԼĻƳ
ЩɲļѡʵѡǿĨȥǵʶͬһ㣬Ƴɻ
һȻĹģǷ̫̣ѪȻΪ񣬵ȴûԼĻ
λߣȴǳĵһѪ
Ѫɢȥ½ػָƽˣͱѪѪӡټҲûԱԴ˿Ծվֻû˳֮ɫеֻ޾ĿֻţһҶ
Ѫ۳ֵڣ̼˲Ϣ֮ɣعи𺳲ѣһԼǰûжѪ۳֣Ȼ֪Լôġ
ҶͬҲ𺳣ΪҲһοѪ۳֣Ȼ֪Ѫ۵Ϊɲ⣬ίʵҲû뵽Ȼǿ˹
ˣȻǶ֣ڵ֮УʵԲħ̼
Ѫһģ˲书򣬽˷ӡͬʱҪԱһƳѪԼܹˣҲ˸ɾ䣬ңѪӦûûʩչȫ
ڣҶܹе⣬ΪʲôѪڵܹ崦Ƶʱһ֮ƷͳΣΪӮɺУҳΪˣ
һ֡ǿ
ѪۿѾɵˣĵҪĻ͹ԹԵİ֪Ĺ·鶼˵Ҫ˵ٻֻǺܾûг֣еҲѿǵ꣡
ĸ磬ڳʵǰﻹ˿࿪ڣʼԼ֪顣
ʵˣҲǵһ̤·ֻʱ˵㣬֪Ҳޡ
ǵȷһ磬ԭȱ˴˲ʶֱǸŸԵͬֻͬȫΪǿ½صıը⣬ʱߵһ
һصͨطǺҶ˵뷨һҪԹ½Ϊ·һ·ȥҲͨ½û뵽½ͻȻըǽһ㶼ۼڵ½֮ϣҪûܹ˳ͨһֱȵҶǵĳ֡
Ҷ˵֮׷˼⣺ǵĸ磿ħ磬Ƿ磿ǵĵ֮еĴ𣿡
˵Ļشһ£ĸ磿Ҳ֪ĸ磬ħ磬磬ʲô
ӣǶڸԵ˽⣬ǵĻҪ١ҶѪ۵
ǵĵ֮УӦûеĴڣҲ˵ÿ֮У֮궼ǷɢġѪ۳ŵҲпǸ֪
ڣ˵˵ǵϸУǵǿ֮ʲôˣ
磬ҶѪҲͬǳ˺棬ȻˣȻҪǵʸˣ
Ȼ˵Ľ֮ҶعţѪۣȫɵˣ


2243 ȫͬ
Եĵ磬Ҷڵĵ磬Ȼȫͬ
ǵĵ֮Уûо죬ֻ磬˴֮ҲûʲôȼУû
ǵĵ磬Ҳ֣Ǽ򵥵Ľ磡
ÿ֮УȿܴΪﵽ֮ĸ֣Ҳˣ˵ȵȵĴڡ
̤֮·ˣǶΪʿķʽҲ廨ţǣķȴǺҶڵĵȫͬ
ûгûӡǵڵ֮۳һͬʵһĵΪԪȻΪԪѿγԪԪӤҲͬһĴڣһԼѪ⣬ǣ꣡
ľ绮֣Ҳʲô鳾ӡʲôڣԪڣԪӤڣڵȵȣ
رһǣҶڵĵ磬ɺɽǷڣʼնһ˵ǵĵ֮Уϵ֣µոնµĺӣȴ֪ҿԿ϶ǴڵģΪˣȥǵ磡
ˣǵ֮еʿԼеĿʮǻΪɣÿʿڳĿŬҶǵֻΪһˣŸȥɵ飡
֮˶ķһУȫ߸ҶǶе֪
ȫͬ磬ҲҶħͷ磡
˵ˣҶȴͬɵһ㣬ǼʶѪۣһʱ֮Ҳе޷Щ˵ȫԭء
֮ҶüͷʵǰǵĵĻ֣Ǽʲôڣǿʲôڣ
ǾǿĶɽڣҪӭ٣һɹ٣ܷΪɣٻصˡ
ȻλٴҶǵ𾪣Ҫ֪ڵ֮Уӷ˳Ϊ˵ʱ򣬾ҪӭˣҾ죬ÿһ죬Ҫһ١
ǻˣ۵ļ𣬵˷磬ƨ㲻ϣ
ع̲ס૵ĵǷ绹ǷǳҸһ°һֻöһν١
˭˵һεģ֮ΨһŮӿڵһҪν٣ֱľףžٺ͵ɽ٣·ǵĵ٣ֻдƽ֮ǲ޳Բ
·ǵ٣عһУЦŵ·ȷһ٣һ٣ܹȹͻΪɣɲ𣡡
ҶʵǵأȻеķǲͬӦҲ޴ǧɣ
ޣʿ޵Ȼǵܹȴ֮٣
Ȼ޵ǵķУһֵǿģռͳελİɣ
˵ǳе߰ɣȻˣ֮УÿʮһλеߣǼ̳ĳһֵǳе߾˭ֻ̳һֵҪԼ֪֮ΣǵĳеΪ̳еǿĽ
ⷬȻҶӣе߾ǴߣֻǲǴµĵԭеĴ֮м̳һ֡
ڷ˽֮ҶǶټȥˣΪ֪Խ࣬ԴҲԽңҶٴ뵽ԭԼԼĳƺ֮ܣ
ڿƺٺʲˣµڣԼѾɹĴԪ֮Ծֻ֮ܡ
жٿھÿھ磬־ʲôģ
⣬е֮жûܹشҲ˻д𰸰ɣ
һ֮ҶȴƽȻδţǵҶȸ½׻½ʱ򣬺γأ
ˣ飬ҲʱҪȥˣڻǿǿǣβͨһذɣ
ҶĻɹĽȻ˼֮еѪۺع˹Ѫ۵ͷֿ˵Ƿ磬ж˵·
࣬ң
ֵȷ࣬ҲҶǿԽܵķΧ֮ڣΪԼĵ֮УµĻҲǲ
ɴ˿󣬵ʵĻʵ޼
Ѫ۽ʵˣǳ˸ղĶʮ֮⣬أˣ˵ĳеߵأѵҲˣ
ղЩˣʵһֲǷģ˵䣬ҲΪȲϼ֮ź󣬾ѾԷֻֿвʮˣûһھʣˣ
شָҶǴһµ
Ҷֱӿڵֿܣ֮ʵһе˶µ֮УһֿܣҲ֮Уǳֵλȴǲͬ


2244 ·
һؾжĿǰûκ֪Ҷ˵ܵȷ
һΣǲеĻǾ˵ǵ߷Ǵģ
ҶΪɴ࣬ٴһԾǿ½֮ϡ
䣡
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عüͷǣ½֮ڰٹңܷɣ˲ƣκξ룿ǲܰ쵽鰡
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˻شѪ۴һӣͽѪֽѪȻҶȻԣֻȻع½ذɣ
ҶҲд⣬һдͷʼ
˱ת򣬻ص˵һ½أҲԶԶĸţ治̤Ϲ½أֻڸ˿½شš
ˣһ飬ֱϥ£ʼ˼ͨصķ
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˽ʾ֭ϵ˼ϵĳԣ÷ÿܣ꣬Ծ޷ֱ̤һ½
Ѫһ֮£ֱջһ½أҪЩɢ˷̳һ··ǰ˵߷ʵǲ࣬οһ½ըЩͻ׹޾·ʧȥ취Ҳвͨ
֮Ҷʼ˼κٹľ룬תо·أ֮ؿŰپʮأһ֮аһֻ֮Щյ½أʲôأһλ֮Ļͺˣ
һͷҶ߶ʱҶ۾Ȼһ
֮԰֮ҵ취ˣȵȣأŰپʮشڵĿģǲǾΪЩ·ˣֱŰپʮֵ
УǰҲ˵ˣ²ⱻųԭ֮⣬˱ʵ֮⣬͵йأҿΪܷŵǶռһҪôʵȺûҲɽ룬ϾʵԽߣĿҲԽҪôǸ˸ֵôʵ㣬Ҳܽ룡
Ϊʲô̤֮ͻֿΪݸԸĵֱͬͽδĵ֮С
ңôصĻԲҽ룬ֻܽأ
ҶԽԽԼ뷨ΪܣҲû̽˵Ѫ۶׼ߡ
Լȳһ£ȻԼΪпܣһɹʱôҿջϲһá
ԼɹˣôһͶˣ
Ҷ뵽һֱӿʼչأطҼûκΣգʵǱչصĺõط
ҶչأѪ΢΢һЦѪųվҶȻԼҲĵı۾
ڱ˵Ҳʮѣ飬ǶҶ˵ȴ˵򵥵Ķࡣ
ԭкܶ࣬ȣǴߣڼУλʮһʱ䣬ǶȻֵǶߵĵԣա
ΣԪͼͼ֮а޸ַ֮Ȼ򲢷ǵͬڵǷȴе
ٴΣǰȪ֮ʱΪƽµĽƣһһʮֵȫ˱ԴĴڣڵ⣬Ѿһߵĸ߶ȡ
⣬ʵϵֱߣһ־һ˼ʵʱҶ᲻еĺôǺܿ죬ͻ֣ᷢʱһУ·ϣ츲صı仯
Ҳؼԭ򣬾Ԫ֮ʵܹ׷˷ԴһйԪҲ⣡
֮ƣ
ҶȻ۾Ǵ֮ȴܹ͸ֱ֮ƣԺ֮С
֮ҶȻûƿأǷ˵ʱһ˾ѾУڰȵ֮֮γɵܻ
ˣԪ֮ƵĹԪ֮£ԼԵ֮£֮ɢ


2245 ֮
Ҷյ˫֮ǰʼһһĻ棬ͬڻȪĻ֮ΪЩ߻ʱһ׷˷Դ֮εоһ֡
ȳֵһޱߵľ޴½أţ½ؿʼֱγһһɢС½ء
ЩС½Ҳʼϵıϵ߽⣬һſɢĳϸɼ
һĻ棬ҶǰһţҶ֪Щ仯ʵپ˰꣬ǧ꣬꣡
еĳٴαøӵϸ΢ӵС۶޷ȻֱԾڼš
ڣҶĴ֮Ҳ޷κʵʵĳֻʣһ˿˿ĺɫ壬ƮɢһƬ֮еʱ򣬻ֹͣ˱仯
ȻҲʹ֮ȫ˹Ԫ
ҶĿ⣬ϵƬ֮Ѳţڲ¶΢ЦΪƬ磬оϤС
Ԫ
֮ĸ֮ʼǺԪ
Щɫ壬Ȼ֮ıԴˣǴӺԪ֮еȻ󾭹ݱ䣬ΪʵĳʱƣԽԽֱΪһ½أ
½أϢ֮أϵķҲ벻½أ
κһ磬½أ
֮ĵƣͬŮԵ鷿֭ӦŲ飬ṩʳ
ˣߣҲΪĸ֮˴֮֮˳֮
ҶȻ۾ҲǼͬʱۣ뿴ҶΪʱ˿̣ռ֮Уͬһ㣬˾ҵ𶯣
ЩƯ˷µĸ½أͻȻȫƶ
һ½أͬɽСĽгڿвϴ󣬱˴˼ʶһ㣬Ȼײһ
˵ע֮£½أ̳һ·һٹ½֮·
Ҷ֮⣬˶ĿɿڴѪҲһ𺳣֪׷ʲô顣
Ȼ΢ЦҶܹµóһп϶Ҷйأ˭ҲҶġ
˵ɻҶЦŵһٸǣһҪ֤һ£ҵ뷨ǲȷģ
˵֮Ҷ̳𣬺ԥһ̤ո̳ɵĴ·֮ϡ
ҶŲͣǣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ߳ʮԶֱʱ˲ŷӦ˴֮֮عźȻ½ͻȻһߣȴѾ̧Ľ˻ȥ¶ڨڨ֮ɫ
ߵģȻѪˣȻѪ۲֪ҶڸʲôԽˣԽǲܹκȥҶ̤·ҲС
ѪڴˣȻ˭Ҳ뷨ȫԭأעӰԶȥҶ
Ҷһߵ˵ڶ½أĽԾû˿ͣ٣ƺ˲֮ǰ½زĽΡ
飡
ڣҶ˫ȵ̤½֮ϣҲͣ
һϢ
Ϣ
ʮϢ󣬽µĹ½Ծû˿Ķ𣬶ֱʱҶڳĳ˿¶֮ɫΪ֪Լ뷨ǶԵģңһأԼӦܹƽµĴˣ
Ҷߵ½صıԵЩ½أжȻâ
˿̵Ҷͬһλ߸ϵľһ㣬Ŀʹ֮£ܵЩ½̿ʼƶͬǰһ˲Ϣ֮䣬е½ٴϳһ·ͨһ½ء
ЩҶת·ȥƬ֮󣬻ص˵һ½ء
ҶʣĸȫΧ˹һ϶żɻ֮ɫĶȴû˿˵
ҶߵѪǰͣ΢ЦŵڣӦÿͨһˣ
ѪۿڣعѾһҶԱߣһʳһ⣺Ҷ֣ô£ղЩ½صƶ߶ôģ㵽˵ڶ½ûûб
ʱҲ˹Ȼ̫ȫ˶䣬š
ҶҲˣͽԼ뵽Ĺ·ڵ˵˳
ʵ·һ飬ҲһᣬǸ̤·ˣһֲܹͬĵǧصĻǳɵҪǱҪǧֵ
һ˵ȫĬˣ
ǧֵһʲô
⣬ܣ˭ǧֵعҡͷ
ҶȴЦŵǰ㲻ҲΪٹľǲܵ𣿡


2246 ֱ
ȷǰֹعţڳˣѪڣΪǲܵ£ҶȴʵˣѾ˿ܣ
ôǧֵҲȷǲܵ£ȴδؾûܹ
ʱʼû˵Ѫۣȴ΢΢üͷǧֵǵأǧӦò಻˰ɣΪʲôûͨ·أ
Ҷû⣬Ѫ۵ɻ˼Ƭ̵ĲҲǶڸ磬Լڴڵĵ˽Ĳֻ֪࣬Щˣ
ǰҶ֣ڻȹٿɣ
ع˵֮Ȳĳ·˭ҲûֹȻһֻŸո̤ǵһ½صʱͻȻ顱һǿ½أȻը˿
ͻȻһĻٴסˣҶҲһĵѵԼ뷨Ǵģ
ҶһѾعŵǰ̤˵ڶ½ء
ȵû˿ı仯ûбը
⡭
˵϶¶˹Ź֮ɫ̫ˣҶ̤½ؾû£ȻعŸո̤ϣ½ؾȻըˣ
ҶŽµ½أüͷòᣬ·ֻи֮ˣ̤ϰɣ
Ҷ˵ʲôʣˣѪڣѾȫ·
飡
촫˷ֱ̤·ϵĿ½أͬʱը
һ£ȫˣ
ʵ뵽ͬһ·ʵʵʵݲðȡɺŪ٣ҪͨأֻԼ֮
Ѫ̾˿˵һ½ϥ
عе㲻ŵٴγһΣһ½ըҵĻص˹½ЦŵҶ֣ӣĿǰΪֹֻһܹͨˣ
£ȴҶ֮أ
ѪۺعˣͨأǱҪԸ֮뿪Ҫʱ䣬˭Ҳ޷֡
ʱ䣬ҲҶҪģ
ĿǰҶѾ˽Сʱ䣬񶼱£ҵҲǵһ̤·ˣᳵ·֮£֪˶ء
ҶĵɣǵıץߵЩˣѪ˵񲻴Ľô˶ߣȻͼıǵİΣҶ飡
ӣ߰ɣʱѪۿˣĴ򣬿Ҷ֪ǣǰ˵ģĸأӦģܵǣǵȴ֮ǿ»кܴļʱֿ㲻õˣԼСĵ㣡
棡
Ҷ죬Ҫ˵Щʲôȴʲô˵
Ѫ˵ʵ飬ÿĵͬ·ڱĵҲͬһһ𣬵һأѪ֮أ֮أǻһҪֿ
ֻǣ᲻ѪۣǰѪֻǷҶȴ̵ᵽԷԼĹģͬĳһ
ԼڷĹбչʱĵȺ򣬻Լ֮ʱųѪػ޲ֳѪǽԼ˺ˣľչš
ڴСûκҶ˵չˣΪϧȻҲΪĲᡣ
ңһֿ˵ɥĻܾܿˣ
һǧأܹٴα͵һĸʵ̫ܹͣ˳Űپʮصĸʣͣ
֮УƷƽ˾δ֪Σգв·һ
ҶԼûʮģܹŴһأ
ѪܿҶ˿̵뷨ôѵΪ޷ǧأ
Ҳ˼
ˣѪ۹ⲻ͵Ļ˻ֵϽ߰ɣŴټ
˵֮Ѫ۾ͱ۾뵽˱չص״̬ҶĿѪ۰ΣĶѪݣ
棬ˣŴټ
Ҷתֳعŵ˵ͷ֣ౣأϣŴҲܼ㣡
عһԸҶֿǵѪ۵棬ȴκ뷨ֻǿжЦҶּԣϣҲлܹţ
ǣ
仰֮ҶٴĿһѪۣתߣֻ̤Ĵ·ٵԶȥ
ҶοҪʧʱ򣬶ȴȻѪǳ˴Ȱӣһ·Сģ
棬Ҳǣ
ҶĽŲû˿ͣ٣νȥԶֱʧ١
عص̾˿Ѫ۱һľ룬Ҳϥ£˿Ѫֿۣ˿Զ֮ķˣ΢΢һתа⣺ϼһﵽ˭Ҷ棿Ѫ壬Ѫ⣬ѪѵǣѪۣ


2247 ɽ
Ҷһ·ͣ߹˾½֮һľɫڷ˱仯
֮⣬һӴޱ޼ʵ½أ½֮ϣȻһ޴ɽ߲
Ӧþĵ˰ɣ
Ҷͣ½Ųɽ˼ĹؿӦãԼָͨ
ȥҲ벻ȻԽһᣬȥ룬Ųǰ
ת֮䣬Ҷɽ֮£뿴ȥɽӵΡ׳κվǰȻһС֮С
ͬʱҶĶһ̤ɽ£ɽǰаٲΪͨأ
ͻȻҶ΢΢һ˵Ļ˿
ΰĸɽѾҶ޷ȻھȻҪԼɽǰаٲ֮Զ֮ͨأ
ȻҶѧս֮󣬾ԻûɽȻɽйǾ㽫ʷûɽһҲǰɽ֮һ
֮Ҳ޷ɽ߰ɣ
꣡
ȻһЦԶһƵ𣺡Ѿʮ֮ˣѹ࣡
ˣ
Ҷٴһ֮ƽôʱ䣬Ҷ˾裬̽ܣѹû뵽ﾹȻ˳֡
Ҷʶˣ·ƽʵϵܳΣңΣһ·п̤·ˣ
ʱ򣬴ɽһ࣬λƵ߳ӰҶͬʱ֣һ࣬ȻӰ˳
ܹˣ
ɽʵ̫ˣҶҪɽǣҲҪһʱ䣬ɽǱ߲ϼˣѰֲˡ
ˣһһңҶվλ˹ϸһ֣ᷢʵǽҶΧ
ͻѣôҶֻ·ߣһǰһ
󻹺õ㣬ǰĻͻֱӽ뵽ɽ£ʱ룬ɽҲֱ£ѹıˣ
ҶȴɫƽǸûз˵ͼһվԭһ
ҶһȻȲսսҲһ·ڣḻټҲո˵ԼԷҪԼͼıҲûκεη塣
ˣò죬Ŵ綼Ǵྶͥһ۾ܿǲһ硣
ڣҶԭֻ뷨ѾƷȻ³ͬĵ磬Ҳû˿𾪡
ǵ˰ˣֿˣֵôƺ
һλͷ棬ͬӵһЦеĳҶڣȻղŵǾ仰Ҳǳڡ
Ҷ
ԭҶֵܣҽн꣬Թŵ磬Ƿֱͷ磡ƤЦĵǱҶֵС꣬Ҳ̤ɽ£ؼʵ΢֪Ҷֵʲô㣿
ƺܺദǻﻰȴ͸˾֮⡣
Ҷ΢΢üǰ˵ʮ˱ɽѹˣ
ʮˣһֵ֮ģ֮ǰûҾͲˡһָɽһ߳ʮ֮⣬ʮˣ಻岽ͣۡһ࣡
ܽǴʲô⣬Ҷ˵ӦʵԼҲ¶ˣֻҪԷ֣ԼҲȥǣ΢һ׼һ¡
Ŷ˵϶һ˿𾪣Ȼû뵽ҶȻ˹ϣ֪ʮʧܵ£Ҵ󵨳ԡ
Ҷֵܿո˵ˣҾͲˣֵǣףҶֵܹɹͨذ
˵ĺȴûһа㶯վԭأ֣ڳһ롱ơ
ҶһۣһЦѾԼԲµԷĿˡ
ɽҲȷԱӦòھͱѹ࣬ϾͨصķֻоԲ֪мְտͨҪԵĻᶼĻǿûκ˸еȥˡ
ҶĲ²⣬ɽӦߵľԽԶ𽥼ء
ʮˣ²ǱɽѹģǱɱģ
ĿģȻȷû٣侮ʯɱ֮ϵж͹ˡ
ˣĸ綼ȱٵġ
뷨ҶĽŲȴû˿ԥɽ¡
˵Ҳ֣ҶոɽֵķΧ֮ڣĸɽȻľֱصѹҶļ֮ϣ
䣡


2248 
䣡
ɽصҶļ֮ϣҶѹһ˫΢΢һ䡣
ȻǼأǲûеôأ֤ҶĲ²ȷģɽ𽥼أһԵıΪء
ͻȻҶһ𣡡
ûжκûжκεƣûжκսҶȻƾԼǿ̬Ӳֱͦ壬ɽ
һĻԹ۵Ľ޲¶֮ɫ
ܹģûһߣȻҲܿĳҶǿͱɽ
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֮أôͨصΨһȻǽڸ򵽵֮ǰʮˣһɽͬʱѾ֮ʩչ˳ǿ֧סˣˣǰеĲҲǼΪѣԶҲ߳ʮѡ
Ȼû뵽ǣѾ翸ɽҶȻתһЦٲ֣һǾûлˣ
ƽƽһ仰ȴǽŵ뵹һ
ʵҶµȫԣʮ˲Ǳɽѹ࣬ڱɽʱ򣬱˸͵ϮɱʮҲǱŽȥɽģ
˵Ҳ֣ɽһ˱ô˾ܳͨĽɽ£ܵ˿ѹ
֮ѾԹɽʧܵĽˣ뵽⣬ʱˣʼԸ½˵صĴߡ
̰ﶼУͬعŴ˲һ˾ͬĴ㡣
Ҷ֪·ϣһΪ̤֯·ĿĲΪ˳ɣΪӶᡭ
˱ɽûɽ£ŶԷ֣ܶԷϵĶһɨգȵ뿪ɽǷΧ֮ٳֽԷɱ
һɽɽȻһ£ֱӽǸѹ֮
Ҳ׼Ҷɽµģû뵽ҶȻ⵹ǵ⣬ʡȥһࡣ
ȴǵ͹ҶҶڲɹıɽҾȻתԼ˵
Ȼع¶ЦҶֵܣǶһϵˣԩ޳ôأҶֵܻǵĵ㣬רıɽɣҶֵܳɹĻҲǸһϣˡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦתȥʼŴɽǰ˽Ų
ȻŽĻʮǿ϶ڵȴԼ߳ﵽ޵ʱŻ֡
Ȼη壬ü֮ҶѾϥֻҪԷͻ֣
ͬʱһء˸ľ޴ʯ֮ϣվˡ
һһ£һһ¡
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ò㣬۽֮һ˰̣ޱĵǿԣ˶ѡ
־һ߳ٲ
ʮ
ЦżҼǵõƺһ߳ʮ岽ɣ
仰ӵ¶һ˿ɫΪֹûܹ֣ңһΣӦܹƿˣ
أ
һأһ죡
ӷЦ֣ɸҴģ
ʲô
һҶĴܳʮ岽ڶҶĴҲƿţ
һЦתͷһ۰ӵǧޣƺܿдӰ
ֿͬһ
ãҺˣ
һΪǿ˵ãҶ˭Ҳ

Ҷ֪ĳطΪԼģʱѾɽ߳ʮ
²һÿһɽͻ֮һ֣ˣԼǿһֱߵڡ
˱뺷ҶýȫѾɵۣٳٲǰȻվԭأһ̣ǵжη塣
ĵղĸģ࣬ôӵô̬ҲȲϰ
ˣȻѾ֪ǵ£ô;Բ뿪οѵϣ˳ͨ׼ã룬ҲӦÿҪˣ

ҶȻѾͣԽԽصɽѹˣȴȻôͶ֮
ΪһԵͨأ
Ķ֮ôɽԽԽأԲһԵһٲ
ҲҪȵʮ֮󣬲֮ܶŸո߳ʮжʮֻܶѨ֮ˣ


2249 
ҶѾɹĽȫ߰ٶʮѨλһѨλҲѨ
ֻҶ֮Ȼһ㣬ţ̫ͬһɢߡ
ÿһ߶Ҷɢ֩һ㣬ֱҶȫȫǡ
ͬʱһõҶҶ֣ߣ˫ָ߾٣ȻԭѹҶϵɽӲľ


Ҷֵͬʱ޴ʯ֮ϵİӺͺ뾪г
˲һۣӵһ˿⣬ӵȴ͸һ˿
ʵҶڶγֻ֣ʱǶûпѣȻĻºҲһͶԷˣ
۵ٴﵽʵڣ֤ҲԶˣͻȻǼΪĿ˺ӵ֣ûǴĻƺڵڶٰʮصʱͻƵʵڰɣ
ߣ
ԴˣֻǷһߣûж˵ʲô
ӵ۵ٴһ˿⣬аŰپʮأΪʵ֤͵õÿһַǰкܹڣһ˵ܹڵһ֮ʱʵھ㲻ˣڵڶٰʮͻʵڣͱΪ֮ţӶУ࣬ΣСӦûһӾ޴ľϲ
һؾ۳ﵽʵڣû׼һأܹͻʵڣ

˶Ҷĵе𾪣˵ˣ֪޴ҶʲôǾȻܹסصɽ
˸еǣɽû˿ı仯
Ҫ֪ǰҲ˳ԹԷԼǲʲôɽ˲ͱ飬ΪޣӶʶ·ϣԲκεͶȡɡ
ˣ˿ҶΣȥƺףʵϣȻҶԼʵûκεͶȡɡ
Ҷû˴ɽѹ֮Ҳ˿ĵ飬æӿ˽Ųĵɽಽĸ
ҶһȻߵ˵ʮŲ
ʱҶ̧ĽŲȻͣ˿Уʯ֮ϵҲͬʱ۾
ӶҶ߲ʮ޵ķʸΪʮΪһޣʮ֮ɽһһֵǣǻֱӷһ
ҶȻҲоˣȻǵɽͬѨٿأ̧ĽǰͻȻһ̲־ٲάĸоԥҪҪߣ
ʮǰʹ֮ҲҶȸԼƵĿ꣬ȻɣôʮͱҪֻ֮Ҷ޷ȷԼܷһ꣡
΢һ֮Ҷڿеֻţص˳ȥ
飡
ŲأȻ
䣡
ʧɽصҶļ֮ϣ
ͬʱҶ֮жȻ֮ƣͬһǰ̵ȫӿɽ֮ڡ
ң֮֮⣬ҶԼԪ֮ƽ
˵Ȼ֮أôֻ֮أǲ֪ΪʲôҶȴǾԼԪ֮ӦҲܷӵã
֮ƺԪ֮Ƶӿ룬ɽ΢΢ֲ֮Уɽȴǻֵ֮ڡ
ҶĵĵȴţûżҲٴεõ˰ǧ޵ȴһ˿ʧ
Ϊʱ֮ջɽʱҲʮһ֮ɽǻ֮Ļ֮յȫʧȥκ塣
ǵûмᣬõ
Ѿ֪پž޵ĴߣΪļԵ˵ʮһ֮£Ҷûм
Ȼʱڶһ֮ͻȻͬʱȳҶ
ȻһֱҶǿ𾪣ȴʼڵȴŻᣬһԾɱҶҶȫûз֮Ļᡣ
Ҷʧɽػļ򣬶һվԭһǿȻѾﵽ˼ޣȻҲǳѵʱ׷Ź
ߣ
һĻǧ޶ȻһߣǿյУһŭ⡣
ǧޣҪǳ֣ˣʸƿţҲͨ
ȻȴǧӲĽŭѹ˻ȥ
飡
ͻȻҶٴ̧ţ˵ʮһ
һ̣ӾɫѿΪĲ²ˣͰǧ޵Ķʮ岽ֻҪҶû߳ʮ岽ǾͲ䡣
οˣѾֱȡԼźڵɱҶԽԽ


2250 
ʮ岽
ڽ˳˲䣬Ҷ߳ĲʱüĶȻѿҶֱӻһڹ⣬

ɫһ䣬еҲû˿ԥ뷢˹
ɢűϢıӣմȾѪͷųܻķȡ
ȫͬĹͬʱ˾ҶҪһٽУ
ҶȻѾû˿Զõͬǿֹ̬ˮϲޱ˵ڵĿֻһɱ¾
ּ䣬ֱһȭû˿ķϢƺ߱κεȴݺݵֳַȵϡ
䣡
ҽԴ˲ը˿һᣬȻͷŻķȣʱı˷תӿԼͬ顣

һ󺺺ܲҵıΧȼɲͨĻ棬һʱ֮޷ֻһ߷ʹ˻һ߿ٵıճ˻ҽ
ҶһȭһۣתһţһĿ꣡
ʮ
Ҷ߳岽֮Ѿֻʣ½һˣˣȫҶͬҲס˽ĲӣֻҪ΢΢׾ٵĽĲϡ
Ҷȴǲû֣ǾŵɫĽ꣬תĸҶһǰȥ
ɱ꣬ҶʴȣҶʱı⣬ں˽һ磬Թŵ磬Դ֪ڹŵ
ǻڵĳӶˣʱȻҲһЩ֣֮£оգҲǽԴΪֻҪ֣֮ڣûܺǿĶ֡
û뵽Ǿӭһɷǣһܹɽ߳ʮͬʱԷ֮׽ǻɱɷǣ
ʲôҲˣֻĻֵ̿ĵȴԼˡ
ҶȴûԾһļǰߡ

ǧ޵ĿУ³һҲ»ָƽԱߵľϵ֮ɫȴǸˡ
ĬƬ̣ڵǧޣûиоӵƺʵҪǿ
ǿнлǴûз飬ɵķԺͱʵȫͬھڿ˾Ҷ֮ȴָоǾǾҶҪȱҪǿ
Դˣǧûϻش𣬶˼Ƭ̺ŵͷȷ
⣬𣿡
ǧҡҡͷȴûпڻشȻҲףǲܵ£Ȼʵȴİǰ
ŵ᲻Ǳʵ
ùǣ
ǧٴοЦȷʿҶʵҲԴЧԼ˵УҶһжĳ֣˿
ܲǸܰɡ
Ŀһǧ޵ôܣˣڵ֮еĵ꣬Ǳ˾ŸĴڣôȻҲп꣬Ĵڣ
˿ǵζԻԻеޱȣΪǿ˵Ŀܣ֮Уһ꣬꣬ڱʶҲǴ˵еĻꡣ
չȥĺͬǵһܹѱ𣬳Ϊڵµ
ڱôû֪Ϊûзǧ޺;ڵУҲûгֹ飡
ǧüͷµǵ꣬ҸĴĻʶԼ꣬ȫͬ
ȴûǼţͻȻ۾һ֪ˣŵʱѾըһҲֻʣ꣬ȱһ£ټʵҲһţҲǸʱĻ֮£һ˿ʶ
е˵ĻǿǼ鷳£

ʮ岽

ҶڴڵĴŴΪֹѾ߳ʮ岽ķ֮·̣ͷ֮ϵľɽҲͬһĳ̶ȣҲܹƾֵںɽ£߳ôԶ
ǼˣǰУҶ˵ҲǼΪѵһ£ĽŲѾԽԽѾԽԽأѾԽԽۣȻֻʣ¶ʮ岽ʮ岽ѶȣԱǰʮ岽ҪĶ࣡
һ̣Ҷӿһ˿У
ھͷɽúϢϢȻչֱʵ֮ԡ


2251 
Ҷԥ֮УȷһԵĽشԼĿǰʵ޷֧ȥϾѾҪＫޣȴʣѵĶʮ岽
Ҷԥʱ򣬾ǧޣͬҲǱ˳Ĭ˵϶ӿ֮ɫΪΪҶĵĲʮ岽Ҷһǧ޾Ӯˣʹ˷ǾӮˣ
֮⣬Ҫǣʹһ¿õλ֮ƣһξ߳ʮ岽֮Զ¼ֱڣûбκ˴ƹ
ҶܹٶһǾζȡƣΪȫµļ¼ߣͬҲܵ෽ע
עڱ˵ҲʲôǶھڵ磬ҳ֮Ϊɽ˵ͲͬѰˣ
пܣҶδ˳ͨ·ֻҪֱע״̬ôһ·ٿ֮ʱᱻֱɽ磡
ĿǰΪֹɽ֮Уִܹ˲ƺܿǵĸҶע֮ܳɳĿռ䳬ƵĻôҶпȡƳΪĸ
ǧϣģȴǾԲϣģ
һʱ䣬ǧ޺;Ŀ֮жֳһ˿УǶڲ²ţҶ
ҶȴǸ֪Щ飬ʱԾԥԼľ񣬾Ǿʹ˷£´
Уڷ֮ǰŬȫ׷ˣʮ岽һҪ꣡
һ̣ʱݷֹֻͣҶһ˳ʱ֮⣬̧Ȼȥ
飡
ʮ
Ҷʮͬʱǧ޾Ȼ˷ܵһһССĽӳ֡
ӣɫʮֵѿȻһ·֮ʱҲóһͬĽӣ
ǧ޶־ͽգǣ˲һߵľ޴ӣö£з

һ˷ӿȥ˵ĶУҲ˵飡
ӾȻˣϴβǸո𣿡
죬·ų֣죬Զʱ񻹴ûгֹ
ӣ·һλųֻ֣ǲ֪ϴεȣǿ
˭ǿ˭ţҲȵɽ֮󣬾ͻȻڣʧ伣ˣţѵǼĻ𣡡
ҲǣţȻרŵȥעûʲôϵ

˵Уڲ죬ֱʮ
ʮȻƻһȻŰ
ʮѾ㹻ڴˣžȻҪһ
ٵȵȰɣӻ᲻ˣ
ʲôʮ϶ѾǼˣϴΪƻܼȥǰ׵һˣ

ȻӾȻٴһ죡
ʮ߲
һ£ɽ磬ѻȸ˶ͣ˶䣬ֱڿһӣֳӵȫעעţ
·ֻܹһԵͨ˵һأһԵߵ˾ʮŲʮһԵ߹ʮ岽ϣߵʮ岽֮࣡
ˣߵʮ岽ȻҲѵãǲʮϡܹߵʮȻֻǶһҲǽ뵽ʮ֮һɾϡˣ
Ȼʮ֣ĿǰܸдֻеȵҶߵɽţɽ磬ʮ
ˣڣҲֵ˵Ĺעˣˣɽ֮ʵŽǰʮˣ
˵ǰͬʱֳҶĻ档
˼ɽУ󣡡
ףʵôǿ˱𣿡
ꣿ

Ȼ죬ʮ
ʮ
ҶȻ߳

ҶڴڵĴŴ˫Ŀͨעǰ
ʮľ룬ȥңԶûˣ
ɽѾﵽһ˶ͷ۵ĳ̶ȣͷųֵƣҲ޷ո
Ҫ𣿿ǲİֻʣ¶ʮĶʮҶеˣ˦˦ͷԼŬıѣȥ𣿡
һ̣ԼǻصԪͼУʱԼһͼ㱻ڵУҿʱʦַӡһеѪѣİԼ˳
ڣ˭ܰԼأ
飡
ȻʼһԸҶľҶһѽŵĽԶԶ˳ȥȻһֱҶü֮С

ҶڶȻһһٴ̧˽


2252 ʮ
ܹӵкͱȫһʵǱ𲢲ΪԼԭʵ
ڣžҶع鱾ڣȻҶֶһҲ˵֮ǰʵЩǲ˼ˡ
ҶҲԼ̧ɽ뷨ΪţֵĻôɽ϶̼ӴѶȲ˿ĸı䣬Բ÷ع鱾
Ȼǻ꣡
Ŀһ̵ļˣڴ𾪵ͬʱҲ¶˼֮ɫ
飡

һҶȻٴ岽ȻҲ
ʮ岽
֣ɽ磬֮ˣԲᳬʮ
ȻҶȴˣ
ǧϺеϲ˷ܣѾǺڵı¶˳ıȴ෴
Ϊ֪Ҷڿ϶Ѿõ˺ܶܶ˵ĹעԶԶ˵ƣ·ĺܶˡ
Ļû˸Ӿ˵ı֣ôҶȡƵĿԾʹӡ
ڣѾںԼǧ޴ĶˣںǸֹܹҶ

Ҷͣ˽ŲʼڵĴŴղžֻ֧߳岽ѾȫĴٴλص;ƿݵ״̬
ңʱ˿̣ԼԸоƺкܶ˫ĿעԼ˵ʵЩĿеΪĲ
ͺԼһֻޣΧۡ
ҲûжȥЩ£ȻҲܲˣľ뾡취ʣµʮ岽
һɫӰԺ֮У֪ԼѪȻѪѾûˣȴӵѪȫ
飡

죡
ʮ
ʮ
֮ɽһղŵİ÷
ʮһؾȻѾ߳˾ʮѲܹһδأ
Ȼ߳˾ʮҪһԴأǿ϶ܣϾԹҲֻ˶ѣˣڵҲӦ֪ʲôĴڣôٳֵأ
ȷǶһ޶ģֻߵʮŲһԵͨһصġ
뿴ĵһʲôأʵ
ʵʲôѶȶͬȵģ֮ô˵˵ȷǼǿˣ
Щ˵ۣǿߵȴǴŸŨ֮ɫ
Ȼ꣡
ȫĻôû׼꣡
꣬ԹǴ˵ôأ
ڶ·һὫ

ʮʮ
Ҷ˫۽գɫ԰ףʵ۵ûˣ۵˼£˫žͬ˫֮ϱɽһصҲ޷̧
ӣΣԼǲһԵͨһˣ
Ѿʮֻʮʱʵ̫ˡ
Ҫ֪´أʵõȻҪʮȻҪڵʹٴһ顣
ǻʲô취أ
ǾƣڣҲ֧Լٶ岽Ȼ޷ͨء
Ҷԭվһ֮ãȻɽ֮еҲһӣúܶΪӿ϶ǲˣҲ˵ž֮˵ĵһδأҲ͵Ϊֹˡ
Ȼ֮ڴһԵĴسɹǾʮɼҲѾ൱ˡ
Ϊֹ𣿿Ƿˣ
ȻеϧҲʵˣ
´ͨһˣҲ֪ܷ񴳹еأߵɽţ
ͦڴģһλȥСһ
ʱٴιȥһӣȻû˿ķӦǣ˿ʼɢȥȴȻ˲Ը뿪ɱһ˿ϣȴļ
ͬʱǧ޿ƺԾɲϷҶ¶һ˿֮ɫĵˣɣ
ȴһЦҿûˣ˵ûпܣʹ˻
仰˵ǧɫһ䣬ǿеĻɲߵĵȥָ
Ⲣûпܵ£ΪȥҲڴߵļֲϷûУĻˣ
Ҷȷʵ˼ΪѾ߳˾ʮãίʵûˡ

Ȼʱȴٴķųһ죡


2253 ڰ˵Ŀ
ʮһ
ڳ֮˶ΪҶѾǰߵʱ˭ҲûϵҶżϵ޴ɽȻһ
ټɽһƬţֻǺƻ죬ȻؼƮ
ܣ
һӦǾ˫ĿԲо䣬ݷ͸ռ䣬ֱֱҶϡ
أʵͬһ
һٶ˥ߣ
ʼʱг徢ʱ򣬶ȵ;ľģٶȻͣϢһᣬǾ͵Ƿˣٴгˡ
ʵһأѴؼǿ᲻᷽ϴˣ֮󣬶շ
ǾʼʱͷٶȣܵԼߵԶһ㣬ҲǧҪͷͳ壬ȵ˺淴ûȥ
֮ļɻͣϢ
ݵͣνҪͨʱϢָֹʣȡ
ȻҶƫƫǴۣ֮ͣ󣬾Ȼٴһ
ž£ǧҲع֮ͬɫüͷ𣬿Ҷ
ȻܿҶϾҶǵһͼ飬ҵõ˵ͼ֮СݵϿɣǳΪ˵ͼˣԴĳ̶ֳ˵ǧǽҶɴˣͽģȻϣá
ϣϣǧ޾ͻäĿΪҶ޵еʵŵһξܴسɹ
Уʮ岽Ҷһ߳ļޣҶȴһ⣬ڻ֮£߳ʮ岽ﵽ˾ʮ
ǧ޶ϣҶҪٳǿϣϾеǡ
·ͨˮ˺ֹҲֻڵһͨһأԲΪҶǵĸ
ȻҶȴʵ𾪣ϲϣһܹΪڰ˵ϣ
ɽ֮УЩѾȴ뿪ˣͣ˽Ų֮ͬɫȻڻص
Щʼδ뿪һ˿ϣڵȴǣ˿ȴ̲ס˷ܵĻ֮
ȻǺҶδ棬֪ҶˣǾͳһȴĵĸе˷ܣ
ͬʱеڴҲǸ
ͰСһ˲ܳΪڰ˸ʮŲˣ
ɽ磬Ҷˣ
Լˣɽ磬ݵλԱߣͱŸˣ
еţǵУƺΪҶܹ߳ʮŲܹ·Ϲĵڰ˸ǿߣ
Ǳϣ˭Ҳȥ룬ҶܹһԵĴһأΪǵˣ
ͬǧڣκˣĲȥ룡
飡

飡

Ҷھʮһ֮󣬽ŲȻͣٳɣȻЩĲȴͬżһ̤
ÿһ̤ӾͻԶ죡
ʮ
ʮ
ʮ˲
߳˰˲ҶĽŲٴͣ
ʱ˿̣۾ѾѾиǻһƬɫ԰׵˼£ľ֦ͷĿҶ˫ȸǶɸվҪվסˣ
룬Ψһͷһٲ
֮
Ȼˣ
ǴСһ
ɽǿ߶̲סǶҶܹ߳˲ԭ
ղҶͣµӣ˶ΪϢǵ˼ޣûУʵϣҶһӣ֪ʲôǷ
ʮʱΪ˾ȸ͵ΪĹһȥԱǿĶĵˣ
Ϊʱ򣬸ǺԥĶűԼǿĶĵ˳֣
ǿдӷ˽ʱҪȴȻѵԷ֮壬磡
֮ҶһУκ˵붼飬йȻһףȴΪԸ񣬼ͲΣ
ˣּѵʱ̣˶ΪҪϣʱȻڿ˼Ű취
뵽ˣ֮
֮أĽ¾һʵĴأôȻдأȻ֮ôȻԴӴ֮мȡ
οΪƷʦҶӵдۣܹ֮۲Ƶܹڶʱڽ֮۵Լϡ
̶̵ʱ䣬ҶϵԽµӿȪѨȡŴ֮Ӷּ߳˰˲
ĵһһܷΪڰ˵Ŀ


2254 
ɽҲк½޼ޱ޼ʡ
ĺҪӵεֻΪˮ֮гһǿϢ´Ӻ浽գһ㵭ɫǣȥӰӰ´£쳣׳ۡ
ʱ˿̣ںеһųĹµʯᾣɽһɽ֮ϣһݵˣ˫ţеһݣŲ֪СŶȣϵĶţƺ֮ҫ

ھʮ˵𣬴뵽˵Ķ֮У΢΢˫۶ȻʱĿ⣬Ȼ̫ɲǼ䶼Ȼʧɫ˺ٲҺʹ˵Ŀԣĵ˹â
Ϸһ˿΢Цָסݲϵתţĵʮ˲ˣȤܷΪڰˣߣΪأϼһȥ
һԭƽĺ棬Ϊ˵仰ͻȻһɾˣ˻֮У̧һ˶ޱȵڹԴ
ԭĹµǵȻһֻڹĹǣɽʯǹϵһЩ͹
ȻҲڹĹ֮ϡ
ڹ꼫ŤŲӣƺҪԼϵˣͬʱſܹһͣԷŭĿǵϼһȫҶϼһ

˷Цµɽ˵ϰˣ㲻ϣһ㶼ϣأ˰ɣ߰ɣȥǸСһȥ
ߣ
˵аĵǸ˼ȻڹҲûޣķһƺߣԴǱ˺ףһ̣ӴΣȻƾմԭʧˡ
ɽ֮ϣһƬƺƷƬƺ֮ϣϥһˣο࣬ĸߴкȻһӦɵġͣƽƽķ·ƺ֮С

ʮ˲ͻȻһͣһʹĺУֻ㹳֮ϣȻһڲϵš
ֻȻһ
Ȼ󣬲ȴǻʵҲݺݵҧ㹳岻ϵŤš
ˣһ·
һͣѿڿһβãĴ·ƺ֮С
Ҳѵ˫֮һâ·ƺ֮ϣȻͳֳ˸ոھʮ˲Ҷ
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ߵĽŲͣȴ¶һ˿Ц⣺ʮ˲ˣϲɺأ
߻£Ⱥɽɽ֮ϣȻݷˮ棬һ֮УҶӰ
ߵĽŲȴδͣ£ȻڲĻߣɽ֮ϵĻ棬ȻƶΣͬڸɽ֮䲻ϵƶţʼձߵܡ
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ʵǲϷˣȴʼδעֱڣҶ˵ھʮ˲ʱǵȤ
ܹǵȤȥԻɽ䶯
ʱɽ˵עȴǼϣЩǿܹۿҶ֮⣬ˣֻ֪֮ͨڷΡ
Ȼÿ˶ڴҶܹھʮŲΪԹĵڰˡ
ͬʱҲкܶڰ䣬ҶǧǵھʮŲЩУȰǳɹʮŲĳλҲʮ岽ĳλ
ʮŷ֮һ߷֮һߵĲ࣬ɾʮ־޴ˣ
УһˣͬǰҶӰ˫֮¶Ũ˵ɱ
ʮŲ֮һ˷
Ѿ̧ȣİٲֻа벽֮ңǼ֮Զ֮ˣϧԾδİ벽ηڶβųɹء
ȻʧˣǵʱͬڵҶһɽĹעҲߵţɽ磬ļŬ֮󣬳Ϊɽʮ֮һ
ֻǣ˷Ϊ̫СխԼñ˱ǿãˣҶԩ޳𣬵Ǵ˿̶ҶȴǶɱ
ɽѾûгֹ˵עһϵˣȻȴˡ
һУȻΪǸѾͣΣƺƺҪҶ

Ƕô򵥵飬ֻԴص˲֪ĿҪ


2255 
ҶҪ
Ҫ
кܶûкܶûкܶԸδˣҪ
ټܹһԵĴһأôܾܿͻû
Ǵǲ
ٶˣͬϵڣܹҶͨͨǿ͸Ҷ˼룬⣬ֻҶԼ֪
˶ڴţҲڵţ
ڣʼѹҶϵĴɽĲһ£֮ģΪҶٴ˲˫ȣΪѵһ
飡

ھʮŲ
ʮŲ
·ڰ˸ܹڵһδ֮ʱʮŲˣڳˣ
һ̣ƺ綼˾ֹֻʣƵǴʱգÿһĶ
ڰ˸
ڰ˸
ڰ˸
ع֮󣬼˵̱âĶŻ֮ٴͣεҶ粻û֪Щʲô
֮µĵһˣ˷ۿҶھʮŲ֮󣬼ȴ漣ƽǽյ˫Ҳ˿еɱʧ٣ƽޱȡ
ƽȴȷŭҪӵĿ£Ϊʱ˿̣УҶѾǸˡ
ҶΪ˵ڰˣпܳΪǵˣڻ˵˵ѾûκεҶ
Ǹʼձź㶨ĲٶߵߣΪҶĵھʮŲͣȻԾɴЦݣЦ֮ȴ͸һ˿ɻ󣬳ǵ˫ۣĶҶ¶˼֮ɫ
ڹ걳֮ϣյҲڴӵȻһͷͷޱȵܹϴɾĻȻ൱͸أȴɽҴ
Ǹɵͣ׳΢΢¶һ岻Цݣʹ˿͸һ˿а˿аĳ֣·ǱϷƺȻƽϢ
ĸ𣿡
ǵĸ𣿡
ǵĸĻʲô
Уһ⣬ֻ⣬Ҳֻܹʳ붼뵽
ǧ޾ԼĺݷѾֹ֪ͣж꣬ԼûйָоˣǵԼɣԼɹߵɽ֮ʱĸܣţ˷ܣ𾪣ԣ
ҶõˣȻûйϣ󳬹Ԥڣһδأ߳˾ʮŲѾΪ˵ڰ˸
ȻҶδʽߵţûʽ̤ɽ磬˵ڰˣǣ֪֮Уȴн˵ڰˡ
ԭܼ򵥣û˻ΪҶߵţ
٣ǰ߸ʮŲˣڶѾΪɽʮǿ֮һԣҶҲ϶ԣ
ͣԾûɢȥɴԭأȻ룬ȴڴڰˣܷٴһ𾪣һܣǾǳΪأ
Ҷ翸صĴɽվȻɽأȴͦñֱһҲΪһ
Ϊ¼ûκζܹѹ䣬ͬǿżͲһ
ԶһˣǱҶڵϵĽꡣ
Դӱӵ֮󣬽ƶûб൹ڵϣԲ۾ĶҶıӰ
ˣܹۼҶμ翸ɽһ߳˾ʮŲղպⶼԳΪҫʱ
ڵȴû뵽ЩΪͱסˣֻʣһƬհף
ֱʱѹӵϼΪѵҡҡλΣȻҶ˹ȥ
һĻܹ˵ǰǵɫüΪĹŹ֡
Ƕ֪Ҷδ֮ˣΪںϣýָɣڣҶȥ
Ҷǿ˹ϵģʵ־ǶԵ⣬ǿܶܶˣҲǰꡣ
ǣҶǳǳһֻĽűп̱˵һܹߵĽˡ
꣬ҶȻǳη壬η壬ѡһԶԶߣȥԣһ־ֱη壬ڽηֶɱ
ȫӣǵûӣһҶ˹ȻҪֱҶ
ôҪ飬˶ĳ꣬ҶηˣԳҶѾ̤˾ʮŲ֮ƣߵľʱĵĽɱ
һѾΪڰˣܳΪ˵δǿߣɽ磬֮ȴҲӭǱһԶԶ˸ɱ
ţν޳ϡ


2256 Ĺ
пһˣ֮Ի¶Ź֮ɫԭȻҲˣѵҪô˻ɱҶ
ǧ޵Ѿŭȼգȷ׼ָˣʱѾںʲôԼˣĿҶӣȻ䵽³
ȻһԵľȴעȻֻҪǧ޳֣ôͻԥֹ
ǧĵ֣Ż᲻֣
ͬĵǧޣ㱾Ǵ֮ڴţ޹޹ٳָ֮£ӦñҸ
֪
ǧ޵˫ȭսɿɿսȻ֪Ǵ֮žǶĳͷݣָ·֮£Υɹ棬ĻᣬǣԼ飬ǰᣬڲᣬԺҲᣡ
ȻҪ֣ϿʼһǿϢϢ֮ȴ̺һܹĺ⡣
ԴˣǧȻоĵûκεη壬Ϸ¶һ˿Цݣսȭͷٴɿ֮ϣֳһСС
ȻʱͻȻһ˵󣬵ȴͬһɾ֮ʴ˵һϢɱȫ׵Ĵɢ
ʴˣ
˼ͬʱתͻȻλ˶еͷۣԸǵĻ˷
ڻ˷ĳ֣˵֮⣬еķӦȴǽȻͬ
ǧ޵һڻ˷Ըÿ˶Ϊ˽⣬˵صԭǻ
ȻԼڴˣԼǿоҶĻĽԼ
ȴдЦͲϲҶͲÿҶ˷Ҷֳ˲֮оǼԼѹ½ҶҲ̫ˣңҪԼ֣
˵ȷ޷飬ǲǾԣκ磬ɽ綼ھԵĹƽ䵱ʵﵽһĳ̶֮ȫκɹ棬˵𣬱˵ļˡ
λ֮ţ
˷ƺûע⵽ǰ˸ղ׼ֵ飬һ仰֮󣬾;ߵ֮ϣĿ棬·
ˣǧֻܰ̾˿ڳ֣ĻûܹԼҶˡ
ǧ޲֪ʱ˿̣ɽ֮в˶֮УЩ˶ǿɹĴڣУ
˲ϲŪſеǸݣ¶һ˿ЦСӣòôùɣֱǸЦǣǲأ
ˡžһ۶еͣƺ׼뿪΢һԥ֮ȴȥǵĸôӦˣͲǵĸ
ٴУĿⲻǿҶңĳһż֮ɫĵڻûжѰˣǧƽ⣬ѵҪ𣿡


괭ŴվҶȻûм翸ɽǴߣܹܵܳŵľ޴ѹҲǾٲά裬òײߵ
Ҷȴͬʯһ㣬ûκεķӦ˫۶ǽգҲѾֹͣվûвĳ֡
Ȼڵ˵ģңҺ㣬ǳǳ˲𣬵һδؾߵһ룬¾ǴˣȲ㣡
㶼֪ղҶһֱڰͣϣһԵͨҵһΪĻҲҼһЩ鷳
ϧϧջͣҲ㻹һҵȲˣҶֵܣҲɱ㣬Ĳ룡ΪԼֱɱ㣬ԲˣҶֵܣûôУվǲܰģΪֻһƽˣֻ룬ȥ
ۣ
гһذףµͬʱݺݵĴ̽Ҷĺ󱳣ֱû
ҶǽӲ壬˷ӦȻһŵ˫ۣ΢΢һ£ƺҪѹ
һذ״룬ȻûаѪ˵Ҷ״̬Ѿ;ƿݣѪǰ
ԲˣҶֵܣҲҪң±ӣȫұ𣬼סҽн꣬Թŵ磡
һ˵һ߰γذףŹµذףҡҡͷʵѾˣֻǰѣԣӦòҵģԲԣҶֵܣҲԷĵߣһУҶ̳еģ֤˷ѣټˣ
ۣ
һΣذ׺ݺҶĺףǷļˣֱӴҶüĴ˳
ͨһѾ߳˾ʮŲҶھյֻʣһʱڵȥ
ɣǰ˵ԣĴ嶼ѹһ֮ϣʱһȴͻȻ𣺡أ


2257 ̫
Ҷˣ
ֻȻķʽأĿһ̵ˣЦԷǵĸо
ѾнҶΪ֮˵Ļ˷һ̣ϵıҲŴ㵣
Ҳֻ֪ʵ޷·еֻܸжϵĴ˵
ٴη˵һʱȫˣ
飬˼ķˣ
ˣ
ˣɹˣ
ɹˣΪ֮ĵˣ
ɽҪˣԺҪΪˣ
̫ˣҶȲҪСһﵽ˭ˣ
ȻΪˣôɴСһټ·ˣܲƸֱӸţ밡
˵궼ûοˣ˵˵аٺһ飡
еţû֪྿ʲôЩ֪ˣȻҲὫʵ˵ڸȥЩ˵ۣһȻĶŻ֮У͵ڵصҶ
ǧѾ˷ĴڶˣںӵĻ죬ںҶѾǴسɹֻǽ˫֣עҶڴܹӵվ
ǧ޵ĽźΣҲͬˣֻȴǺǧ෴ϣҶľԶĵ£ҲҪվ
ءʱ򣬽Ҳסˣ
ҲˣҪ˫һٲ𣿡
ʵ⣬ܶ˶˼·Щˣõģˣ·趨Ĺ޷ģҲ޴жϣҶΣ·ֺʷϣǵһγ֡
ô˵ȻǸжҶأҶĹˣ棬Ҳ޷
ͷһ̧ͷѾɽһῴڵһԺȻǱذ׵Ҷص̾˿ȻҶֵܣĲܹˣȻˣҲˣңҵİ¹صģһһȥǳƽˣٰʬ御˰
˵֮󣬽סذ׵ֱȻһΣͽذ׸˳
ذԾǹޱȣûմȾһ˿Ѫ
ذպ֮ףȥ̧Ҷ壬Ȼ˫ָոҶһɲǣʼվֹҶͻȻһ
ಣ
꼸Թƴź󷽳ȥ
ȻûܣҵذԴ϶궼̴ˣôû
ͬʱǧޣҲ˷ӦȻǽȻͬһϲһ㵣
ڻ˷ϵĴѾɢȡ֮˫ۻضٴθֳŨɱаģѾǵܵĳ֣⣬ֻ˵ʵ̫ãģʵ̫ˣ
ǧ޺;˹Ȼܹ·ϷһУŵıǸ޷ͻ˷ǿᲢۡ
ˣǲûע⵽ʵҶеذףǶ꣬ʵȴҶм䣬ı߹ȥģ
Ҷ궼ڣҲûбըĻôһذףͻô꣬Ҷ
Ϊʧֻʣ꣬Ӷǡýһذôм䴩ҵľһ
Ϊʵ̫̫ˣǸղҶһ£˷ûз֣ȻˣȴҲеһǿҵĲ
ҶƺõģƵĶʵ̫ˣ֮ǰ÷Ľ겻һ·ڱ֮߳ʮಽľ롣
ҲǺнģȻ겢ǴߣҶǰĲԽ࣬ǴɽҲԽأӶͬΧĻһӰ죬ÿóޱȣҲΪʲôղ׼ɱҶʱߵļΪļѵԭ
ҶķûŽ߳ʮಽûнڸǽֱӳɽǵķΧĻô½꼴ɱҶ޷Ҷߣ
˷Ҳ޷ֱֿܣȻҶȻܹƵôಽջ˾ãƺõģСӣ
Ȼûг֣ڽذײҶеͬʱѾ֣ҶûȻڶҶĶҲκε𾪡
ǵгźͻ˷ͬɻ֮⣬һǾҶǲǼ֮ĵˣ


2258 ǵ
Ȼ꼲۵ȻɲסһԼԴûʲôٲһǣƾڵ״̬ѵҵĶֲɣ
ҡҡͷתҶ˹ȥ׼ɱҶ
ȻղҶһ£ȻſûĶ
ž裬ߵҶʮԶĵطͣٿ̧иֳһֻ޴ƣֱҶԴץ˹ȥ
ۣ
ȻֻƳֵͬʱµĵͻȻѿһȫ۶ɵķͻ̣ٳֱӲ˽ɲҴͷ̳չ
û뵽¾Ȼȫûз֮£ңͬǥϵ⴮һ

ǰһĲҽУ˲հһƬ˭Ҳ֪ʱ˿̣һһͷΪʲôһ
ȻҶֻ֣ʧȥ˵Ĳٿ֮󣬲ȿҶԴѾɢ˿
ֱʱʼſڵϵҶŷһ΢ĴϢţӲҲҵĲһ㣬˫ڵһţԼ巭˹
ڵϣûУ˫ĿעŽʬ壬ȷ϶ԷѾ֮±۾
ҶȻû
ңթķʽ귴ɱ
ò˵ЩĿ̵ǣоʮֵĹ񫣬ֱǵ߳𣬷·תգҶɹĻ˵ˣҪǣɹĴ˵ء
Ȼصķʽе࡭
ȷܴҲأӦòǵˣ
ʵʵʵأͶȡɵķʽǵˣ
ȻǵˣʵӶǲСܹɹߵţպɽضһϯ֮أ
ǵˣȴǵڰˣҲֵñעˣ
ɽ֮УڹעҶ֮ˣǴһӣǰĻ洵ɢ
ȻҶȷǿҲһ޴⣬ֻҪǵˣǶɽ˵ֲһˣ
󣬾ҲǶĿڵϣץʱָҶһ֮Ҳɢˡ
ȻڲŪſеݣȥ˫գĵϧϧ
׳ץסһƲʣܿٴ۳һͣ۾·ƺ
߽Ųͣȴ̾ϢֻһӦòǵˣǱأ
˷Ҳתǧ޺;һֱۣһʧ٣û֪Щʲô
ǧ޵ǳ˿һԵľ¶һ˿ЦǧޣһģˣڶģҪһʱټһ£ȸˣ
ͣ
ЦҲת뿪ǳãȻҶû֪˷϶ŹҶҶɽ磬ֻҪûֻҪʵ˷ôȻ·һ
ҶôܹȡҶˣȻעƣ
ưƣ·бչʮ꣬һΣ϶ܹɽˣ
Ż˷;뿪ǧԭȵλãҶȻʱüͷȴȻת󣬳һˡ
ޱĿڵ֮붫ʹ빬һ
ǧ΢΢һˣ
Ȼһ𣺡Ĺ֮붫ʹ빬һ
۴֮붫ʹ빬һ
ܹˣֱǧ޵ߣǧҲ֮лع
λˣͻ˷һ֮УɽĵλǸ߸ϣǾȻǧССĶʹԭȻԶΪҶ
ǧ޲ҶеԺͬʱȴҲ֮С
֪λ֮䣬ƽؾǻ಻ȻλͬʱԼôԼǰĸ֮ζŽͬʱˣ÷ͬʱǰҵĻҲͬˡ
Ͼֻһ
ǧ΢΢ת˸ͷ֮һƨ˵ϵλȥλˣ·֮ʱΪʹ뿪ţ±ѾǴ֮˿иֻеȵ·ر֮±صŸ
˵֮ǧ޸ɴı۾Ե˲ǡ
Ҳû취İ취ˣȥļңƱҪˣҲȥԼ
֮ˣȻжŭǧ޵Ļشëң֮ˣλ˶ҵֻܸ뿪


2259 Ϸ
һжָƽǧҲٹעҶΪΪʹҪע·ϵ飬ܽеʱ䣬Ҷһ˵ϡ
֮ҲͬˣҶԾɾڵϣƺƺԾûлָ
ʱȥ죡
֮ҶͻȻ˫ۣͬʱѾ˷Ƕȥȷһ½ֻ֮Լһ֮ŷվ𣬶ֽýǸոȬ֮ˣ
ԶȻͬ⴮һ㣬ͻ̶ڰеĽʬ壬ҶһЦҵȻ㣬û㣬ڵһһҪܵ˵ĹעΪ󻼣ʬ嶼ܸ£ֻܻʬˣϣҲҪң
£Ҷֱ־һŻɳȻ˽ʬ֮ϣȼ˲ͱճޣʧ
һ֮Ҷ̧ͷŸͲڵգ¶˼֮ɫҵĸодҴأʮʱ򣬾вڹעң
ӣ֮ϵһߵԽԶܵĹעӦþͻԽܹ࣬һԵĴȥˣ¼Ϊϡ١
ˣ¶ҵԪ֮Ҳ̫˽⣬Ӳ֪ھֶԸʱ򣬾ѾԽʩչ˵֮á
ҶһһתȥǰԶѾһȻɲϼ۶ɵĴš
ʱʱ̹̿עζɲܣӣгҪ΢͵һˣ
ڣҶ˲ϼ֮ţ˳뿪·ĵһء
Լ֮⣬ûκ֪ʵϣԴԼѾܶ˫Ŀ˵ʱͿʼϷͬǼѵһһϷ
һأȻѶȼ󣬵ҶţԼܹһԵͨسɹ㣬߳ʮʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ˣ
ƾǿټֵƶڴɽգ֮ڡ
ĻҶ޷һԴأţܹһԵĴأ
һ̣뵽˸ղĶµһصĴأ±ֵԽǿͻԽܵĳЩر֮˵ĹעΪ˱ֹעҪʾ
ľ֣ش֮
ô򵥵ĵҶ֪Ļ⼸ʮ֮Ҳǰ׻ˣ
̤·˵ĿĶһҪĿģΪߵţΪˣΪҵԼѣҵԼʦʦ㣬ҵԼʦ
ˣ뱻˹ע뽫ʱ˷ӦԲҪ鷳֮ϣ٣û㹻ǿʵ֮ǰ̫ߵ
ʮʱҪҪ´
ֵıߵѺʦʦǰΣеҪϽҵ񣬶ʱҪϸµʱ䣬زܲ˻ɣһ߹ŻߵٶȣҲһŰ취
գ뵽˰취ȻҪðպ⣬пܻʧܣ뾡ܵĳһ¡
Ҳ֮ǰҪɱǵʱҶΪ˽ʡʱ÷ʹ˵֮ãܹ˲佫˻Уͬʱץסꡣ
ǸʱҶȷҪŽһȵŪйعŵ֮취û뵽ȴʱó
֪Լʼճڵ֮У˼ţȫҶĲٿ֮£ֲٿأΪԪ֮˶޷ֺͲ
һذ״ҶԴʱԭҶװŲģûһΪԵøӵı棬ɴ͵ڵأҾܵĽǰ죬ô嶼ѹһϣ
Ҷڶˣ֪أҪ˫̤ϲһֻҪӴһ
ʵ֤ˣĺܲĽӴͬ
ҶɹһԴ˵أҲЩ˶ĹעóԸ
ҶȴȻ͹ˣ֪ԼⳡϷݵĲ˶ûгΪǵˣǣԾ˶ң˵ʵǽĴڣ
һΣҶڲϼ֮Уûǰʹ࣬ȻеǶҶ˵ȫӡ
ҲҶɵ˱ԼƳȥļ˺ǣ֪ڵΣ
̾˿Ҷʱ˶ǵĵģ߳˲ϼ֮š
ûصʱͻȻоһѸ֮ԼϮ˹ͬʱһĺǳ⣺


2260 ˼
˲䣬˰ԵĹҶ΢΢üȻֽѵһ¿Լ඼ûпĶ֣뵽ԼҪ͵£ûл䣬Ѿ㿪
һ˶ȭͷǲҶտӹȭ磬׻һɽ
֮
ҶЦ˰Եֻʩչ֮
ʱҶſԼ󲻵֮վһδ󺺣ŸͷʵڿĿ£֮ϣһ鼡߸𣬼Ҫըһ㣬η
ȻԷҶһҲǸոձ뵽һأҶǡñ絽˲䣬õס
ҲҶ⣬ȴǺֱӹѿԸضǰԵ֮
Ҷɨһ۴֮󣬱ƿĿ⣬Ϊֻ󣬶ǰȻվʮ顣
ⲻǵڶأ
ҶܵĻ֮׹ΪںȻվǿ֮У̧ͷȥɼһſŻСǳеԣе޹⣬£һǹ̾͵Ĵ·
·Ŀūһ壬ķƶһǧǳȻǹΪ·ٳһͨŵĵ·
һǧǳȻһǧأǳǳ֮䣬·
ҶѾ·һЩ˽⣬ǰĲϼ֮ţֻȽ뿪ǳţҪһأͱҪͨµǹ֮·ˣʵ··
ô࣬ȻѾ˵һغġ
ȻҶɽ磬Ѿܵ˲˵Ĺע·УȴȻĬĬţ˺ͬһ֮⣬ûʶ
˵ͬʱҲڴţ˴˶ޱ飬ֻ۵԰һ˿衣
ǰЩ磬඼ǧٹֵ飬Ҷòп֮治С
ֻвûһҶϤףȻǶԼĵ硣
Сӣ𣿡
ȻҶٴδǸ󺺵֮ĻһֻȴСƣҶļ˹
һΣҶԾѡãһƵԱߣô󺺵˸ա
ȻʮֵԵǵҶÿ·֮ȴҲûʲôֵľٶֻǺݺݵĵһҶ֮󣬱ҡڵǰȥ
ÿ
޼ɵĿһɣŵסԼǰļŭȵ
ʵǹ֮·Ϊ²ʮҲӵʮվҲûرӴģû˭˭·
ȻȻ׼һֱߣϵһУΪÿ
ԭҶΪͳŴ̬ȣȻԼΪ˱ֵ͵ˣδؾͻԼһ϶̲סŭ֡
Ȼû뵽˾ȻĶҶѡ̬ͬȣ׷Ծÿ˼Ǵ󺺴ǰȥ
ҶĿŴ󺺵Ӱǰ·ԭ򣬵ǴҶԸ͵Ϊ֮ǰ˭Ҳû߹ǹ֮··ϻʲôΣ˭ҲһǰС
Ҳ˻ھԥͷ󺺵ĳ֣ȴǽ˵⣬ͷԼ򵥣֫ļһÿ̽·˲Żѡá
ǣ˵Ŀⶼڴ󺺵ϣֱԷӰʧ֮˱˴˶һۣС
Ҷһģٶȣ˾ۼһ𣬴ӶҪ鷳
ǹ֮·˵˾һ棬ͷЩǳҲһֱᡣ
Ҷһߣһ߰ǰҹʱ̧ͷ죬Щǳޱأû뵽ԼȻһܹǳ֮䣬һſŵǳһ磬ĳЩǳ֮ϣҲĴڣҲʿĴڣֻǲ֪ѡ
ҶȥҪЩǳ֮ǷҲĴڣǵһǹ֮·ı߽ʱͻᱻһε赲סӳȥȻֻա
֪ڶֵܲˣΣܹͬʱȻĻҪֿڣҲ֪ǷѾ֮ˣǾǸڵߣǱ˸ͬĵأ
Ҳ֪Ϊǹ֮·̫׵ĹϵΪҶҪǵĶʵ̫֮࣬ڲ֪У˼ֵҰһ㣬ޱ߼ʵı
ʼʱҶڼԼҪ룬ǽģͳУȻһУǻеĲŲԶԶȥһʬ⡣
ǧ޵пȥŵһ͵ڶǹ֮·ϣȫҶʬ⣡


2261 Ҷĵ
·̤֮ϣ˼ټٵһܹߵţܹط֮⣬飬ҪôУҪôûټҪôԾɱС
Ȼǳ֮·Ȼϣ֮··ϣȴʱʱ̵̿ĳΣգЩΣգڲ䣬Ϊܷʱ֣ͬҶڣЩȫ̤ǹ֮·ϵǣѾڲ֪֮У֮С
ΪӵصΨһһ·ûΣգ
Σգܹ˷ֵģ
ԴˣǧֻǵɨһۣûеͬѾҶΪҶܹ߳壬ֻʱѡ
ʵҲȷˣҶһУ˼£ͬʬһ˽֮Ժͬʱ۾
֮صʱȻҶһϷǶȴʵʵģҲĽеʱһֱڱչ״ֱֳָ̬̻
ʧˣ
ѪҶüͷ΢΢𣬿ڵ
Ҷȴޱ飬ֻۿһֱ֮ˣѪҶҲ˵ǹ֮·ڱԴĵ֮õ֪֮УãȻԱʵ϶ܹѣûʱ䡣

ѪҶҲɴ֮࣬죬һ
Ȼ춯أκ˶޷ֻҶԺֱӽڲߵҶͣ˽Ųһת֮Ļ˻Դ˹
ҾȻˣ
֮Ҷ¶һ˿ЦöпԭΨʵ̫ˡ
ȹ߽϶ɵĵӵдɵĴۣܹ֮͸¼κλþӰ쵽ӵ޺۾ѩ裬¶޷Լþ
죬ˣ·ϣûʲôܵ飡
ܿ죬ҶĿЦתһ˿ЦݣЦݣԼ֮⣬κ֪塣
Ҷٻе֮ɫ뵽Լһ£Ѿڹؼʱ̣Լһѣ̲סе⡣
£
Դӵ֪ĹֻѪ۷ڷĿ˽⵽Ѫƴűħȴһ˿ѵ˷֮кҶԼڱչں϶Ѩʱ򣬾һ󵨵顣
ҲԼ˿ǣֱ֮Уڻʲôĺʱûȥ룬ڸоǳϾӵԼ˿֮Լ˶뷨ʶ
Ϊ֮УŻҶںϣӶʮڣڱʧ£һ𽫱ѡ
ǰֻܸݱʶжΣ¾ͻʧǹ֮·൱ʱ䡣
ȻҶ֪ʲôл꣬Ƕڷӵı仯Ƿǳеˣ
ȻҶڲ֪˵ô˱ȻҲˣ
Ҷӿٶȣʼǹ֮·Ϸɱ
ܳ˼أҶͿˣججŻеĲһжȫû˸о
տʱҶлеЦԽǰߣʧԽԽʱɫҲ𽥱
ʵһֲܿΣһ׵ǹ֮·ϣ飬ͬʬһ㣬Ϲ飬Ȳ˵ҲûĶֻǲ֪ƣĻеߣݷҪԶȥ
ʵϣֻеߣȫԭ̤ǰֺҲ˵Щϳǧ꣬ҲᵽڶأֻߵʧΪֹ
ҶԥˣԥԼҪҪǸѡ
ȻǣܻԼһЩ󲻵鷳ЩҲͬˣĿǾʧҶеĲ̡
ʱҶԼǰֳһˡ
ϵ·Ѿòֻʣ¼鲼ֻҪһ׵ĽɻңԷͷӸǼȫڵɢһɲɣ͸ϢңԶĹȥһ㡣
뷨ҶжȻһΪԿ϶ԼղûмˣҲӦòǰˣΪ·ʱ䣬ܹһ꣬ݵĴ磬ȻĻһʱ䣬Բ·ó
òϴ·֮ʱ뵽ʿɣ


2262 
뷨ҶԼеһϴ·ʱԼʦħ֮ʱѾʮˡ
ϴ·֮ʱģҲ˵Ѿ·ϣֲǰ״̬ʮ֮ã
룬һܿµ飬ģ⵹ǸҶһĪϣȻܹڣôԼʦȻҲмĿȻš
Ҳʦͬһĳط
Ҷţ뻽ѶԷΪԷ״̬ʵֵͬ飬е㵣ģϾѾȥʮ֮ãԷһѹ֪ʵ֮󣬲֪ܷܵס
ԥƬ֮ҶǻѶԷƳһֱߣֱ˶ԷԺ֮С

ǰ֮ǲĽŲʱͣţͷס۾λ
һ̣ԥһȭҶ
ԷַӦҲҶ֮УԺţһֱץס˶Էǰûж⣡
㣬ǣ˭
ӶԷĿУΪѵ³첻֣Ȼ̫ʱû˵ͷɤӶòˡ
ҽҶԣĳ磡Ҷίʵ֪γƺԼڵĵ磬ֻܼ򵥴ŵ·˵أǰƺܵǹ֮·ĳӰ죬뵽˻þ֮УԶǰѣǰ֡
ǹ֮·þ
ϰԵȥͷȻԼǼӲݻҪɵͷ֮ʱʱס
Ҷ̾˿ûֱ˵ʵǵȴŶԷһԼ
΢΢һ֮һǰȻһˮ棬ͬһ㣬ӳ˴ڵĳࡣ
ˮԼӣٴס൱ʱ֮󣬲̧ͷҶþõʱˣ
֪ҶпЦҡҡͷ
ͻȻ̧Լͷͺնȥƾͬһ㣬ޱȣת֮ͽҵͷͺ˸ɾ¶òһеݵˡ
ʧȥͷͺӵڣ·ͻ鲽񼸺վҶҲʱĴӿռ䷨֮ͳһ·Ӹ˶Է
ĬĬĽӹĴţ֮һҲû˵ֱ֮󣬲̧ͷҶ㣬ˣ
꣡
ꡭĸ֣֮¶˿ЦӣӦһ·Ŀ˰ɣ
ò˵ܶԷﱻʮ֮ã˼άȴΪݣ̶̵Ƭ̹򣬴Լı仯ԼҶ·ʱ䣬ѾƲԼ
ǣ
һ·Ŀ̧ͷĿ⿴ǿ֮·Զˣ̾˿ʱɣһȥû뵽ҾȻôˣҲ֪ͬ飬ڿɶڣ
Ҷ΢΢һŵСʵǰðһ£ĸ磿
úǰҵľˣұ곤һ㣬ĻͺһֳɣһЦŵԻ磬û˵ΪԼǽ·֮󣬲֪ĵ֡
磡Ҷȷʵû˵ṳ̂·֮ǰҶ֪Ȼôĵ磬ңʵڣҲȻ֪Լĵ֡
ӵͷǰǶǾ֮ܣΪڵƬվˣֻڣ֪ԭôĴ󣡡
ⷬҶ϶ʱ¶һ˿ЦݣҲо׽˲٣ΪԷȻԼ뷨һ£ΪԼǾ֮ܡ
ǰֻ֪⾮ж٣ڣҾȻھУֻǴһСľһľѣ
ٴοҶһ۵˵ҶҾдҶϵܣҶϵܣᣬȻܹ뷨ѵѵãպǰ;
˻˼֮ҶӶԼʵԾɱһ˿䱸ֱڶûиԼ֡
֣ȻҲҶʧȥ˺ͶԷύ뷨ҲͶԷίˣֱ˵ĽԼӵһĿ˳̨һ¡
˵ɣ
ʦҲϴν·Ҳûгֹ̤·ҪΪѰʦʣ̨ڴصʱûм˵ʦϢ
Ҫʧˣ˵ʵһǹ֮·ߵĵİѣһ֪֮Ҳޣңұ˴Ҳ֪Ҳ󲿷Ǽٵģ˵˵ʦʲô֣


2263 ԴԶ
İ
Ҷ̲ס͵͵˿Ҳ˵·ϣѾɹĴİأ
һһֵҲζŶԷѾİֵ
ȻҶ֪·ǧֵҪ򣬵ΪĻޣܽӴʿ֮У˵֮⣬°ڵߣܸĵҲᳬ֣
ڵ̫أҲ޴Ӳ²⣬ԶǰӼİֵһʵʵҶ̫ˣ
ǶԷʵ
Ҷĺ󱳶亹ȻһξԼԷѵľٶʵеðʧΪԷҪԼİֵܹѹԼˣ
ĿǰԷһƽҶѾ⣬֮󣬾뿪ԽԶԽã
ʦ죬ħۣ⣬и֡
죡
ͻȻҶĻû˵ͱӸϣͬʱѾһץסҶļٶ֮죬ҶûзӦʱ䡣
ҶҲȫ˷ӦΪԷȻԼʦȻʹʶԼʦҿ¹ϵǳϾʦ׸һġ
ӷЦЦðֹ֮סЦͻȻһҶļ̫ˣ̫ˣԭ㣬㣡
ӵĻԵе״ΣȻʮּҶҪӵļֳǰʶʦ֪Ҫʦģڻ𣿡
ֹʶǷʦһû뵽Ƿͽһӣ׺ѪһŵĹϵԴԶ
һЦ
ף
ҶԷ֣ȻһΪƺ˵֡
ףף
Ҷ߶ŶԷ֣Ϊ׵Ҳ˵ЦݵĶҶƺڵȴҶ
ףͻȻҶɴ۾һףۣ
ۣϵЦжһ˿пû뵽ⱲӻƺҾף
䣡
ҶֻԼУһѾը˿
ףԼڷսвۼķĹķĹ֮лʥ֮֮꣬ԼͽܣΪΪɣΨһĺˣ
ҲǴĿУҶ֪˵ӷսƽ뿪Уӡˣʦ죬׺Ҳ˵ˣѾˡ
û뵽Լȴ·ϼףԼ׽Զõ״̬֮Уֱսᡣ
⻹ӡ֤˸ղԼ˵Ǿ仰ѪһŵĹϵԴԶ
ƱҶ仰ˣԼҪ΢һ㣬ǾͻԶ
ʵЩ˵жѾǰǣҶѾֲˣЩˣһǱͨ죬˵䲻ģϼ޻Լ֮⣬˭Ҳ֪٣
ô˵ܹԼͬһ磬һԼʦǺѵףҶ˵һľϲ
Ҷݼ
СܵüѵҶ֪˶Էʵ֮̾ҪִݼȴһѷסˣȻĵӣȻҵľˣҲùʲôǰģǸģ㻹ǺһֳҺһϵܣ
⡭
ˣǵˣ㻹벻֪ʦˣ
룡
Ҷʵ̫ˣõѪѪλˣÿһʱʱ̶֪̿ħ䡣
ЦݣɫʵҲӦ֪Ҳ֪ľ䣬ϾҶڴ˵ôãҵȴǺһģұס֮ǰǻһΡ
˶٣׽ŵңȻҶܻڣ϶Ҳţһ治Ѫǰĺˣֱǲ֮
ҶһѪۣǰܴ磬㣬·ϼ棿
ҶպѪ۷ֿȻҲ֪Ѫ۱ʵṳ̂·ѾɣȻ׻˼ƺ棬ܰ
棿ֵסˣҶ˰εѪǰȻ棿
˵ˣܴ磬ǲҲҵ棿
ûм·ΪѰѪǰұס֮ǰǴλУңѾһЩѪǰϢȻԾδҵǣѪǰԾɻţ


2264 
׺Ҷˣɴǹ֮·Ŀǰ·ϣ֮⣬˶ѾãΪİȫõĻš
׺죬ԭǵˣΪۣۣ죬ѪһţǽΪˡ
ڷսʶҸһĴ˽飬컹֣״˷ս˵Ǿһ
ҲڷսУ˵ףϻʥͷ˳ҷӡڤ磬֮Ĺ
ʱ͸ףͷų֮꣬պ󲻵ĺһһиá
Ⱥһ飬Ѿõ֤Ҷ֮ʱɱɣʵɱֻ
Ҷ˵£Ҳ겻ѣпû뵽ԼΨһĺˣȻΪҶͽܣҲǼѪһš
ڸãֱҲô¡
뿪ս֮󣬶ʵȴǶڰУ·֮ʱһҪѰҵѪ۵죬ͬ롣
ȻΪ·еڴһ֮󣬾ͱֿ˵һֿǽʱ䣡
ֱ֮ǲһεһ֮ʱףոմٶأ죬ȴѾٶ
Ҳʱף˺ѪйصһЩϢ׼ЩϢ׷ȥ
֮Ȱ죬·ԼĹǰأԼĿƣҪ˳Ϣȥǲܵ飬ȴ˵ѾһЩƽķ׺һ
Ǹʱͬˣô˾Ͳֻϧȴܾˣԭܼ򵥣Ϊ̫ˣ
·Ȼǿ飬ѹأҲһᣬһܹǧֵĻᣬҪסᣬԼΪ
˱ʹ˷ֿԼ֮棬Ȼû뵽һֿȻʮ֮ã
׾ͼ·ȥһĵأֹȥ˽ʮ֮ձ͵֮أ֮󣬾·ڡ
Ҷϵܣ룬ٸٶֵʱѾٶأʵǿĿ£ԣûߵţٿ϶ţҶɣԾ֮ûϢأ
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·Ŀڸʿ˵ȻһѵõʢǶѾɽ˵ȴ̫עΪǹˣѾ˽·ڵĿģһ˼裬ķ൱ʱ䣬ߵţɽ硣
һصʱȻҲʧȥ
ȻûµʱҲһ·²һ»мܹߵţżģⶼֻǲ෹ǲҲֻٲˣԴﲻɽ綼Ϊ֮ڵĵز
Ȼһ·ĿȴǳɽϣȻǺճҶȻΪ˼֮ĵĸһԵĳɹһصˡ
һ죬µĳ¹ȥǧ꣬˵Ҳ£Ϊʵ̫ˡ
ԭΪ·ҲͻֻһξĶǵˣȻǸû뵽ǣڽİʱӾȻһεˣ
ֻ죬һ֣ڴһصܹһԵʮ岽ϣʹͱӣϢ֪ɽ磬ͬҶһ֮ų֡
ڶ֣Ǿǵűߵʱӻ졣
һ˵·ʱ򣬻϶죬ĻҲֻڼر֮ǰҲűߵʱ򣬶ңĴһƾĹ
Ȼε·Ųһʱ䣬ȻѾΣ
˵·ϣֳһλֵɽ˹עľ֮ţ


2265 ľٶ
ڸ˵Ϊ·ֻһΪĸˣ·
ʵϣ·ͬҲΪϱУ
Ҷڵĵ磬кͬһ·ϵ飬ȫڶ·
һΣӵˣȻǶʹǧޣ
Լее⣬ڶһԾȻ˰ʮŲʿȤ
ԭѹ֣ѹ֣ҲһĴڣȻ֮ǿԼҲ֪Լݣ
ǧ޵¶һ˿Цݡ

ҶףڱըʱѾ˫˫Ծ𣬳ķ򣬶һΣҲҶʶ׵ǿٶȱԼ˽һ
þ֪ǻþӾͻ㣬
һŭͬı֮ԶԶҶϳˣ˵֮ǰҪԼ·Ĺͷ׳
һ·ֱ֮ǰҶûмȻףܵǰ棬һܿȻʼûá
ңãҲѾ˹ŭĶǹ֮·˹
ӣ˾ܰԵᣬʵĲС
Ҷа⣬ȴٶȲ˹ȥ
ڳ˼֮ҶͿһѾͣעǰϴһ־
Զ֮Ǹ󺺵ıӰڽеľٶò˵ҶҲ̲סҪ˴Ĵָ̾Ϊֹ
˫ֳ師򡭡µǹ֮·
ǹ֮·֮ΨһͨȲ˵̶̳ܱܲٵǿʷ̤·Уûһ˻Ҫٵ·һһĸж
ƾŸղŴ󺺶Լĳ֣Ҷ֪Է֮һǿޱȣڣǶȫһͷһͷĺݺǹ֮·ÿһθͷ£ʯ쾪һܹ·֮ҵ𵴣
ҶţԼҲԸȥӲӶԷһͷ
ĿŴ󺺣Ҷʶ𣿡
Ҷʵʵ˵ʶղżһ棬ȽԵ
ԵˣֱǷӣȻҪٵ·Уֹ
˵ȥҶȴͻȻһץסȵȣ
ôˣ
ܴ磬Ȼˣǹ֮·ޱȵοû˿𻵣õģңȫ·𵴣пܽЩõʿǾѹ
Ȼǹ֮·ϣ֮Լѣ绷Ĵ̼ѹ
Ҷ֪׵֮󣬾;һȥ˶ѣڴ󺺵Ϊȴǰʡ˲¡
תͷһҶ΢΢һЦʦһԸ񣬱˶ΪѪһſ϶Ѫ߱ɱʵǸˣ
ѪһţΪƭ仵֮⣬ʵϸ˵ǻˡ
ȻҲɱˣ˫մѪȺںܶ˵УǾǻˣħͷʵϣһУ
ο¼ûоԵĺúͻҲûоԵĶ
֮䣬¶Ҫȥ˼˵ĸܣ˵뷨ɱ˶ָֻţǸɴʲô¶Ҫȥˡ
Ѫһֵʵܼ򵥡²⣬ģ
ӣ
䣡
Ծڲ֪ƣĲϵǹ֮·¡¡ľ죬Ҷ˾ڲԶĹۿš
̾˿Ҫǵ꣬Ҳһ˵ĻҲڱڡ
Ƭ̹ȥֿڵˣ˶ѾѹˣȥֹȻȥҪˡ
ȥɣ
Ҷȳ˳ȥȴͷǣҶһЦ㣬㣡
ֱӾӣתҶ
˵ʵ󺺣ҶûкøеģڿȻԸֱˣ˼ҲǼΪ뵽ʲôʲôֱӳ֣ЩˣЦӭͱ㼸
ټϴⷢйŭľٶ֮Ҳ·ϵʿһ£ҶȻȥύһ¡
ҶҲ֪ҪύˣܼҲѣչֳǿʵܣ
ǰҶѾΪ˵͵ʾԶԷĹټ֮ܳˣչ¶ʵʵҲõĻעĿҶ΢΢һЦͣȻȭͷӭ˴󺺵ĸͷ
㲻Ǹ֮Ҿķڷ


2266 ˽Ķ
Ҷּ𣬴򶷴սƵȵȣٻִĽⲫԵ󺺿ҶڲãǾȻȭӭ˹ҪԼƴ˷ܵж¶һЦĺãҲ㣬ֺ棡
󺺹ȻԵ¾Ȼֱӽе˫ӵһԣͬȭͷҶȭͷںݺݵײһ
䣡
춯أʯ쾪
˫ȭײȻȸղŴøͷ·ҪӵӿվһԹս׶ܹо
ײûֹҶ֣Ҳ֮ͽʵΣȻִĶԿںܶ˿ç֮Ϊ׿ʮһʮᣬﵽһĳ̶ȺκεķòһԣԶҪСҶġç򡱡
СӣԸ񣬶ȻҲǿӣѪһŶΪ
ŵŵţ
޴ײҶʹͬʱ˳˲סͬʱ˫ŵŵأٴγ˶Է
䣡
ȭͷȭͷͬһ˷಻ϣǹ֮·ľǼһ㣬Ȼżһ˿˿ǹȻһĴ֮սǹ֮·Ͼʹչ
ǿֲײײٴθпҿ·Ҫκһ֮ôĻԲﶼܱΪƽأģֱް
ת֮䣬Ѿ˲ʮȭҶǴ󺺣жǰԾ
ʵҶеǰ취ܹʰ󺺣ھƢҲˣҪϻܴ󺺣οԼǼģû뵽վǵ͹˶Է
ֺγе𾪣Ҷ²Ǹ֮ҳ˵ʱ൱֮ã˵֮ͬĶ֣ҲűʤģȻǰͬСһļһȻԼƽ֣
Ȼ󺺿Ҷƿ֮򣬵ǷɵָһֲεĶԷ֮ͬĵ֮ܣ
ҶƫƫǲܣһԽսԽµƣ
Ƭ̹ȥ֮ȭͷĶԺѾ˰ٴΣȻûֳܷʤʱԱߵʵ̲סˣĿһλ֪Ǵĺܹ񫣬ϾҪˣôȥðɣ
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ҶȻڣ˫֮ǹ˸һԣһԾڲͣĻȭһ߿ڻشס
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ܣ
һ֮󣬿һڵһ壬ٴγ˹ȭӳ
䣡
һΣҶԾֻҶеĹâԽԽ
Ȼ־ľѾƣ
ô£Ŀɿڴ⵽ôˣûʱȥ룬Ҳ룬ȭӳ
󺺲룬ȴ᲻룬עҶϸֳ˹Ź֮ɫѾΪʲôҶͻȻͱǿԭˣֻǣеźͽܣ
ȭһΣ󺺾Ȼ˳ʮ⣬Ҷȴһδ
Ӳˣһȭƴˣ
һ֮һ߷һһεĳҶȭͷȫһ֮ĸ򣬺ݺݵ˹ȥ
ʱ˿̣Ҷмֱ̫һϸǴһ˿ЦݣƽƽľԼȭͷ
䣡
׳˶壬һһ㣬źֱӵ˳ȥһֱɳ˽Զľ֮󣬲صˤ
ںͬɢһľʹȻӵվϲ֮ɫԶվԭأͦɽ벽δ˵Ҷ
Ƭ̹󣬴󺺵Ŀ³˼֣㣬֮
ҶЦŵͷǵģлл㣬ҪûҵӲӲҲô͸򣡡
ҶͻȻǿԭͨʹһδεԿ֮УȻ֮ͨƺԼԪ֮ƣ֮
ڽ֮ʱҶܺʹ󺺴ƽ֣һҲ֮ȻԶ
̶̵ͨĴ򶷣ȻܸһֵⲻǶڴ󺺣Ƕ˵ŵ飡
Ҷ˵ʵ˾ռߵ飬ΪԼǲжٴͷ֮ðľˣ
οƿܹ֮ԪԪ֮дôһ˽չ֮Ķ֣Ҫٸ򲻳֮ĻǲŲˡ


2267 ô
󺺴վסˣʱ׿ڵǰ߰ɣѾҪˣ

Ҷ˵ͷߵ󺺵ߣļ򣬾;뿪һ仰û˵һ֮ȴתҶ׶˵ߡ
һ·ƽ࣬ҲûпõˣУ϶ҲղҶʹ֮Ĵ򶷸ˡ
ڣǰһž޴ǳҲǹ֮·յ㣬һϼ۶ɵĴš
Ҷ˵ĵڶأǶ˵ȴĵİء
ҶĽŲͣףΪȲϼ֮ź󣬾ͻᱻͬĵأֻ׷ֿЩҪѯʡ
ôˣҲͣɻ󣬵׹΢΢һЦİɣ·ϣ֮⣬ĵأֻڳڣŻᱻء
ǼȻǹ֮·ϣôҲ˵ǵĿĵʱͬģǰء
ôһͣҶŷ˵ͷԥ˲ϼ֮ţ׽󣬶λԥһºȻҲ˽ȥ
Ҷסˣ̤·ûʱ˿һ𾪣µõǴѪ֮ʱ𾪣ҲԶԶ˿̣
ǰȻԼʮļҡҶҶң
ң˿̵ҶҶ֮ӣûҲûзޣҶڼ֮жʱļңһģһ
ҶתͷϤһУͭĴţµʯ·ֽǵĻǽͷ
ǻþ𣿡
ȻҶô˵ȴԲΪȻǻþΪ·ԼڴأҸոմһڲ֪֮õǹ֮·߹⻹ǻþĻҲδ·൱ʧˡ
ѵ·ˣҲôͣ˻þǻþûеʵĶˣ
ߣȻҲû׺ʹ󺺵ӰֻҶԼһˣµվϤļ֮⡣
ػ᲻ǻ֮ǵĻǳֻþҲпԭġ
Ҷʱ򣬺ȻǰǽյĴš֨ѽһ˿ڳһӰҶĪ磡
ҶĪ϶ʱ¶˾ϲ飬һֱ˵ҶĻУĵҶܣǻˣ
þ֮УɱɱϤˣϤ£ԼĪ磬ҶҪģǲ֪Ϊʲôȴûж㿪Ī籧סԼ
񣬼ڻо˵ʵҶȻеԺˡ
ԼжûмԼˣꣿꣿʮꣿ
ҶһĪôţ˭Ҳûп˵
ҶԸоĵĪ§Լ˫ۣ÷ǳǳĽƺһ֣Լͻʧһ
ȻҶһ͵͵ĳһ̲סĪʱѾ¡
硭
Ҷſͣĺӵ֣Ī缱æֺҵĲȥϵᣬ¶һЦû£Ҿ̫ˣԴӰ֮ǰ̤·֮󣬾ҲûϢǶ֪϶û£϶ģ̫ˣڻˡ
֮ǰҶаþʮָȻԼڵϵһ𣬶һ⽫ʱ䶨˰֮
ĪͷָĵһҶԴ㶼֪жൣ㣬һ㶼Ϊ룬ѵ֪ڽ֮ǰȵһ𣿲Ҳҿȥ;ʥأȻĻүү͵ǵڻأ
˵ʲô
ҶɫȻˣǻþǰһжٵģǶԼĳֿ飬ȻĪⷬȴе˲Ծ
ΪװҶ˺ѣԼѪ֮ľʥغ磬Ҷڽ֮ԱһĴǿͻģ֮ʼڵǵİΣȻĪ˵Щȴоޱȵʵƺⲻǻþ
ȻĪҲоҶ仯Լ΢еҵķ˿еĵҶû°ɣǲˣ˵Ȼû·㣬ȴһЩϢ

ʮ֮ǰǶ½·뿪ҺүүǣǴǵĿеõĹϢġ
Ƕ˵ʲôҵϢ
Ҳִ࣬˶ٶٹأʲôʲô֣һˣ¾ǰ˵ͬʱĵڶ֮󣬾ĺɢˣȻҲûκ˼ˡ
ףҲˣ
ˣĪקסҶĸ첲ˣȽݰɣҶڵأ


2268 Ѱ
Ҷɵˣ뷨ǻþôԼҲԸԶĴþ֮С
ڱĪŽҶ֮ҶҿԼÿһλˣÿһֵܣÿһѣ
үүĸ󲮣壬磬ܣĸֶӣֶŮֶ˳ǣ

Ҷ
ʦ
Ҷÿһ˶ǾϲĽгȻ󼴿̳嵽ߣΧסͣ꺮ůҶ֪λشֻǴעһŶԼ˵ޱҪȴޱϤס
ôϣⲻǻþôϣʵ
Ҳ֪ԼԽϣʵԼԽΣգڱԼžۣû׼ԼĳطͬʬһĶɹʱ⡣
ҶȻע⵽˼һԵĪ磬һĨᣬһߴӻóһ龧ʯȻ顣
磬ʲô
֪ͨλʦֺʦȻҲ·ˣΪܵǵ磬ڷֱִƾ죬æֻżĲܻǣˣ϶ҪϢǡ
죿ҶʵѾûˣֻʣ°˴磬ƾһ㣬֤϶ǻþ
Ҷͷոת꣬ǰһҫ۵Ĺâһȿռ֮ųܣڷֱ߳ѪһŵľŸˣ顣
ţռڲϳ֣̫£Ϲ飬ħ£ǧ˪˽ϣʱȴҲ̳֡
һȿռ֮У߳ˣȻħѪ۱ԼѪ۵ķ
ҶȫԴ͵״̬ǰֵЩˣһѪ۷ĵԴ֮طֿ֮Ҿһֱڵ㣬϶ƽġ
Сʦܣ
ʮ
ѪһžλҲ˹ҶԴǸҶļÿ˶̬ǣ˹С
ԯ콾Ŀһʱе˶վҶߣȻҶǰֻʣһˣЦע
ʮʦӦǵһʦɣȥݼԯ콾
Ҷ̧ͷĿƵĿǰħ죬һ̣ٴϣһжǻþ뷨
ϧƭԼ˿۾ʼ˷Ƕȥ
κλþҪҳӶ뿪عʵ
Сʦܣôˣ
ʮȥݼʦ
û°ɣ
һеҶĶҶԽԽ޷ƽʼھơ
Ȼħ𣺡ΪӦ·ʲôΪһþǶǻ󡣡
ʦĻٴҶһԾɽ۾ʱѾ磡
ǵģȻ磬ǸѾٵѾڵ硣
þ󣿡սԴһ˿ŭǶʵģôǻСʦܣѣѾ뿪·ˣ
ɣ֪㻳ǻþҲȱżǽЩ﷢㣬Ȼжһ£ǷǻþѪ۱
ɣѪ۷ڵһ·֮أһ뿪ʱĲңҸԼŴ֮Ҿûм㣡
ˣ׵Ҳˣǹ֮·ϽһѣҴʦ䣬˵֪Ȼһ׳Կ֮Ȼǽһأû뵽Һͷֿˡ
ҶȻۣ׵أʲôأ
֮
شҶһԼҲµǻ֮ɻþеĻ˵оеŹ֡
ÿǰ·ˣ˵Լ·еľΪδܳɹһǧֵϡͿıͳ·ص˵֮С
ĪŵΪĹ뿪ŵʱ˾ʥغ磬֪Ѿ룬ȻҲ㣬ҵүүǵİΣʹžʥػص˻죬סڲٷѪ֮С
Ȼģ֮ͨ˻»ָ˾죬Ȼȵʦ֮󣬵֪һУ漸ˣ뾡취Ҳ¿˳ǾͰ˻УүүǱ״̬ʦƳ˻굤ʦƳǶӵڵ塣
һһĿڣҶԭΪǻþ뷨ɶΪһʵ̫ʵˣÿ¶к͡
ˣѪ۷㻹ǲǵõʱڵһһعŵˣӦ֪ʵ˰ɣ


2269 ֱķ
عţ
ҶȻǵãعŷֿµʱ䣬ֻǶԷʵݣ
ѵعţԼҲй֣ΪڶԷϣԼȷоһ˿ϤϢ
ǰعţĶŰ
ţ
ҶС䡱һը˿
þ֮Ա棬ҪΪûþˣὫ֮˵뷨յķʽһչֳ
򵥵˵ǻþзһУȻ֪飬ƾ鹹ĳʵ
˵֪ԼֻһӣǻþȴǶ˸ӣôͻĻɣӶܣþ
ǣҶԼ֪عžԼĶţôþģ˻ĳַԲڻþнʵҶ֪
Ѫ۷ڼǵģҲ뿪֮֮ǰ֪ģʱͻȻ߻ħ񲣬һ˵Ķ磬һ˵ˣһ˵ع㣬ԭʲôڤʮĵҳֽѣżһС
ʵŵ꣬ععͬʱ͵磬ʼձѺţֱһκƽٷߣع෴棬Ҳع֮󣬾ǿзӡļ䣬ҪߣŻԸ㡣

ĽҶжڶɻ
ҪǣЩҶԼ֪ġ
Ҷйǻþ뷨Ѿͬһˤϵˮһһһơ
ѾﲻǻþʵļȴļǵԼ׹߽ͬ˵ڶأȻĪĻؼˣҲ˵ˣڶؾǻ֮
飬Ѫ
Ҷ뵽ԼѾ˶ʶȻܹǹ֮·ϻԼôҲӦ÷ֱﵽǲǻþ
ѪҡҡͷﲻþþԻֻǱ𣬲ͬҲһԻ󡣡
Ҷû˵ֻҡҡͷȻҲΪǻþ
ҶǻþΪʲôһһ·ϣոմϼ֮ţһ̾վԼҵǰѵڵļҲ˷棬ǱǿĨˣ
Ҳ֪ҵļ䣬һ
ӣҲ޷϶ķֱ﾿ʵǻþˡ
Ҷֱۣӿ˳֮˵ҵôˣΪʲôҶǵԼ·ΪʲôҲ֪Ѿȥ˰ʱ䣿
˳иֳǳʼ֮ȻƬ֮ȻһҽУ˫֮оȻð硣


˼æΧ˹ȥ˳ס۾ϨٴѾû˹âޱȣڰֵûʲô£ʧ䣬Ϊ֪һЩ֪飬ͬҪ̽̽ϷһУӶͷһ
˳ҪҶʲôȻ˫ðô˵ĵпʵҶʧ˹ɵģ˻ЩˣԲԸҶ֪ȥǿĨȥļ䣬ܡ
ģֻˣ
ҶĬˣãˣ֪Լڻþ֮УΪ֪һЩ֪飬ԱǿĨȥ˰ļ䣬Լͻ˼ҡ
ǻþôþʵ̫ˣ޷죬û˿Ҷ֪飬˸Ľ͡
ǻþ
Ҷ̧ͷĿεĴǰЩ˵ӹ
үүĸˣӣֵܣʦʦţͽܣ˶վԼǰùеĿעԼ
һУԼҪϣ
ԼԸһֱʵͺܼ򵥣ɳֻϣҵʦȻеˣƽƽĹһӡ
ֻҪԼһвǻþôԼԸѾʵ
ǣҲΪһж̫Լš
и취жϳ﾿Ƿǻþ˳ȻٴοڵȻǰЩûĨΪ
Ҷɻʵʲô˼
·ģȻʧȥ˰ļ䣬ֻҪûʧȥΪôԿڸ˶ٵͿжˣ
ǵģ
Ҷǰһȷһð취һжʵôʱ䣬ԼҲӦôһЩأһЩµĵ˻ȥԼĵǱ֮ˣֻҪԸ⣬Խеĵٴθ
ǻþôԼĵ½ֿҲֻ֡
֮Ԫ֮֮
ϾˣҲУԼܶµɣ
ôԼڣ˶ֵ


2270 ˷Ŀ
ǧԼְ𣬽·ɨһ֮󣬳³һ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ
ȻˣȻػŵʹƺһеĲеĲ£ʵϣȴΪľ
·ܹ֮ÿһʱ俪翪ٳ·֮⣬ʣ¾ʹˡ
·ڵʱѾ̫Զ󷨣ƣӡȵȣٵĥ𣬶Ҫά·ͱҪʱʱ̵̿ȥעȥάЩ飬Ȼʹ
⣬һǧأǹ֮·飬ҪȷƿÿһλãÿһڵĸÿһΪı仯Ϊ˵ʹ˵Ҳһ򵥵
ǧ޵ʵѲһȦ·Ҫ£һµʱ䣬ҪѲӣϢʱΪһȦѲ֮󣬹ȥһµʱ䣬֪һѲӹĵطֻᷢʲô仯ȻҪܶʼĲѲӣֱ·رգĴϢĻᡣ
ҲΪʲôǧ޾ܾλ˶Լ֮λȴҲûиһԭΪǶ֪ʹ񣬶һ·ϳκ߹ҲԸԼ
ˣʹǸвʵȴһֳͷǧ֪ŵʹǷشˣʵҲͣͬԼ
Լüģǧޱ۾ĵҲ֪СһôˣֵԪ֮Ӧô˲ٵ˰ɣڻеʱ䣬ɣ
£Ҷ۾ҲɿŵüģǰҶȻһۿȥǧ޵ɫʱ䣬͵һվüëšһɻĿܣôܻ뵽һأǵ֤Ժܽĵأʵɣ
ѵˣǧ޵¶һ˿֮ɫΪһԼӶҶ뵽˲ýĵ֮УæϸԼЩΪпٹһ顣
ûУû˿ǧ޵ɫôֻһֿܣҲ֪£·׼ǿнҶһأ˭
û£ǧжȻһ⣺˷һϴҾ;òԾʵﶼܿ·зһУαҪܵۿ϶ǳҲעʱָ·׼򣬴ӶҶһء
˷
ǧеĹâԽԽҰһŨɱܵĿռ䣬ȻɱĲ֮£һ˿˿ѷ졣
Ϊû˸Ҷ㣬Ƽңһɱ㣡
Ȼǧ޵Ļ˼˵ǡֵʱȴһ˿Ρ
ǣ
̫ǿˣҪ˼ǣԼʲôȥأ
ԣȻǧҡҡͷ˷ԸСǿҪɱҶʵɱҶ練ƣﶼɶ֣αҪðŸ·ӲҪҶһأ
һأ֮֮Ѷȼһأǹ⽫ҶһأôĿģʲôأ
ǧ˼ͬʱ˳Ļ˷Ҳڳ˼ţ˫ü壬Ȼʲô⡣
ֵأеĵôͻⲻһΣǰŬ׷ѣҪʵͱҪֵһһѣҰ⼸ֵͻΪĵ֮аĴæΪ
ҶѾĿԼڣ˷һҧȻ̫󣬵Ϊ֪νԪ֮ܣҾðһηΣοһ֪еĹؼǸˣҶҾ֮ǰ͸һ컯ƴˣ

Ҷլ֮У˵ĿⶼҶϣһĿ֮УŹĺ͵ǣҶ˫ȴǻϣʼ׼Լھӵжٵ
Ҷ۵һɲǣûпܵһУͻȻͬˮһһٶȿ쵽˼£תۼɢ
⡭
Ҷסˣ
壬˫֮УȻֳһĵƣǧٹ֣гϤļ֮⣬Ķޱȵİ
ʮ֣
ҶĿ棬һɨ֮£ЩƵľһʮ֣Ҳ˵ԼʱȻܹѾ˾ʮֵ
ȻҲ˵ǰһУܵһϤӰʲôþʵĴڣ
䣡
ҶΪжǻþ뷨ڳ׵ı


2271 Ҷ֮
ģԭһжģ
Լ˰ļ䣬Ѿ·뿪صԼļУҿûзԼΪ
ҶţԼΪֻҪʱգԼ϶Ȼܹ֡
Ҳǻ˰ɣ
ԴͬСʱһͷһҶļ
Ҷ˵ⲻǻþСӣһõԲ£㱻ˣ
Ҳֶܹ֪Լ˷˰أ
¾˹ҶĶ˵ûֱ꣬ǿҶϣȻʱͣһɻ͵ǵĿ⿴Ҷ
ĪߵҶߣסֱ۵Ҷܣôˣ
ûʲô
Ҷ˿ۿе˻ȥ¶ЦݵҾ̫ģ̫ˣ
ȷȷһжʵǻþ֮Ҷе˷ܺϲã޷
ǰһУõģ񣬾Ȼеİǰ
˵һĪҸ
˵ʧȥ˰ļ䣬ʧȥȫΪһͨͨķˣֻܹӵһڣһжֵõģ
Ҷ̲סамǸԼˣԼôܻأ
ҶԼʦħǰѪ۱ͷϺͰλߣԼгǵǰ棬ϹϾĴΰݡ
ȻüЦȿֺȥҶһ̣Ҳʲô߳ƵӢۣǶصĺܣֻһȺƽĳԼĺ˳ɳĵزеԵο
ҶʼԼȫµҸסһ𣬶֮УһƬƽ
̤·Ҳûлȴɴڣ׷ǣҲһȥ
죬Ѫһأ˽磬ҶĴڣһʮһˣӲ֧һ磬ҲӭһѵõĶʢʱڣ
ȻҶУȻʱʱһ˿ɻ󣬵ȴǿбԼҪȥᣬΪԼҪκεĻɣǶǶԼѵ裡
ʱۣת֮䣬ҶصҾѾһˣڵڶʱĪϲˣ
ϢĴ磡
ϵ죬µ磬˭֪Ѫһţ˭ֲ֪ǿҶĴ
ΪˣĪĳΪ˼ǧ谮һĳ˶Χת¾ѪۣҲÿһʱͻǰԿһѪĵ׶ֱסҶңÿרžƸְ̥ĵҩ˵ҪҶδĺӣһӵйھµʣպĳɾ͸Ҫĸףˣ
һУҶֻܺЦܣȻϣԼĺܹΪһƽˣһͬڵԼһܹԼϲˣƽƽһˡ
꣬ҶĺӳˣǸкȻͬ׶˵ʾʷΪţ
⵽ո֮ʱѾ۳˳
Ѫۣϣ죬ҶԪȼϼһʾ֭ѳζǵΪȡȻҶΪΪ
Ҷ
Զ׼ҶϣԼĺܹƽһ㣬Դˣ˶ǲΪȻΪȻҶĶӣôעһǵƽܱκ˶ҪʵĶ࣡
ʵҲ֤ҶϣˣΪҶһжûȤΨϲ
ҶĪ磬һΪߣһΪ˻ϻߣȴ˭ҲûнΪҶͬ⣬ĪȻҲһԼɷ
ǣҶҪԼĸĸ̣ʹˣټһʵǿ岮̹ùãһȺǿµүү棬ÿ˶ҶǼ磬޲ýԼһж̸֪֮ȡõĳɾ͡
ȥҶˣʵȻѾﵽ˻ǣȻˣ
һ죬Ҷվڷ֮У͸Ժ֮УͬСһϥҶԼҶߣǲϵİŹ׵˳̾˿
ôˣĪ߹סҶĸ첲Цʵúõ̸ʲô
ûʲôҶЦŵΪһ̫ˣ꣬Ȼ
ĪЦ˭һôǿĵأʵûҪôģȻʴӱȴԸ԰ֻҪֱܹģʵǿ㣬Ҳûʲô
ˣҲܲˣһүүүүүү̫үү棬桭
Ҷεҡҡͷܹܣ
ʱǴҴҶţһжȻƽģֻһ㣬ʹˣʵĿµҶȴʱεʧܣĺӣҲûЦݣС죬
˭Ҳ֪Ϊʲô츳˵ҶΨ֮ϣȻһϲͨ


2272 Ϊʲô
ƬɽҶСʱᾭ֮أƫƧҲ˴ţȻڣҶĶҶȴǳΪĳ͡
ֻҶ֪ʵÿһΣĸҶȻ
ҹȻˣҶվںڰ֮УԼСӰԭӦóͯϲǳ֮ɫ
ڶӵҶκ˶ҪҲκ˶Ҫģֻ˵ܲԼĶӡ
ҶΪͻͽǶڵȴǴ粽δһУҶ
Ȼ֪ж̽Ѱеԭϣҵİ취Ҷ֮нѳֱڣȻûа취
ҶУ
ΪԪ֮
Ԫ֮ӵйԪܹ֮ӵнһУǵΪԴ
ҶԼӵʣֻҪԼһֵϸϸĲֿıԴʼգôһܹոֵ
ֻǣҶһֱԥԥҪҪԼĶһѣ
ҶıģǶϣԼĶ̤·˵СС;ȡ˾˵ĳɾ͡
ңȻڶڵһϲͨվС꣬Լ͵ʱ򣬱˵ˣҶû뿪
ʱ䣬ٳɳһ㣬ȥһԼ뷨۽磬ôڵҲܻȻʡ
ǣԼŲǳ;ǿСҶݲټ棬棬үүʦĪеˣѾֹһεĻʾ˵Լ취ҶԣҶľ񣬾ҪҪԼԪ֮ʽԼĶӣ
ڵҹɫ֮УҶҶԸӣһһСӰš

ʮˣ
ǧ޿Ծվͬ˵һҶ̾˿
Ȼʮǰǧ޾ͷҶĲԾոմһصʵζӦñ͵أ³һжǻ˷ڱ׼ϧһдȥɱ˻˷ʱ·ȴǽӶķ˴£
ҶһԵ֮ͨأ˰֮󣬲һµʱֵڶ죬ٴɽ磡
Ȼ˭Ҳûϵ⾹ȻԾֻһʼ
ڽʮʱ·ϣȻ죬ʱ·ϣͬʱӣУԶ·Ĵࡣ
ʮʱ䣬·ϣҲֻһ˲ʱ䣬е죬ڵһҲڵһ֮չ¶˾˵ʣֵɽĹע
Ҳζţε·ϣһһľ֮ţڶ࣡
ʮ꣬Ĵ֮࣬Խ·ܺͣ
Ȼ˵ע⣬ҲǧλʹæĲɿûʱȥԸ˷ȥҶûʱȥ˼һ»˷ʲôĿġ
Ҷʼշǳȶֻվξ֮У˷ҲûκܹвҶΣٶټ֮ǼһֵУ˵ʮˣ꣬ǧ꣬꣬ʮ˶˲š
ʮ꣬ȷʵʲôǧҲʱûȥܣǽеע·ϡ
һ죬ǾϲڶΣ⣬ԾģǵĴΣΣʮΣڶʮε֮ȴӿɻѵеţʱε·ϣ
ţȱ٣ÿʱڶڲ٣˵𣬱˵˷˵λһ߳ʮŲǿߣγֵʵ̫࣬ھò˼ͬʱҲһֲõԤС
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Բһɺϣᵽıζ˽ȻۣΪɽ缴һ£½漰ˣɽľ䡣
ָĲ²ԭȴû֪˵֪ǲѸ£ͱ˵Ǹ߸ϵ
Ȼߵͣ˽Ų쳤̾ͲסˣƽվҪˡ
Ծֻ޹ıϣյĵǰҾ˵ǾԲĵģôãԭڵȴʱڵĵ
ͬڵ׳һЦΣһսѣοҲδһ䣡

ڣҶԲȥ룬׼Լ뷨ȻٿǵǷҪһѡ
ĽŲҶ΢΢һȻתԼĸ֮ʱӲǴӲݵϣһЦݣæվĳҶһûϢأ
һ⣬㲻κθôô𡣡
ʲô⣿
㣬ΪʲôҪУ


2273 ʧʯͷ
ΪʲôҪУ
ҶգԼĴ۾ǰĸףȻеͷԣô׻úõʳԼ⡣
ʵ⣬ҶҲʹԼֱʮʱֱױץ֮˴𰸡
ȸף
ţѪµĴ𰸣ʦ֣ʦ
֮Ĵ𰸣ǹ̶ģҶľϵķű仯ֱڣҶ׸ԼĶӡ
Ҷͷƺ˼Ҷû˿żĵĵȴŶӸĴ𰸣ֻ˽ˣԼΪʲôСС;Ͷ˳Եԭ֮ҪҪԼԪ֮ھʹڸ
Ҷ˼ʱҶΪ˲ѹתߵһԣߵԼСʱ򾭳ŵǸλã̧ͷϵǿգͬ˳˼
ʮ꣬ԼѾʮˣʮƽ꣬ѶԼߣԼҲ˺ӣһжԼġ
ǣܶʱԼֻȻһεĸоһֲʵĸоȻָоֻһţǴˣȻԼеŤ
ԼҲָо߹ӣ߹ֵܣǲ˭Ц˵ԼȷѪӹˣͻȻôݣȻǲϰˣʱ˾ͻõġ
ôʮ깻ã
Ϊʲôʮָ֮оȻʱʱĳأ
ˣ벻ͨͲȥˣ¼⣬мĴأ٣Һ⣬ôһжҪ
Ҷҡҡͷ˼˻תԼĶӡ
ҶԾ˼ССüͷšһ𣬿Ҷвһ˿۰ǸΡ
ʵȻҶҶĶӣΪҶʹˣĴ󲿷ʱ䶼һ岮ΧţҶ˵ദʱٺ٣ԴˣҶҲ޿κΡ
ڣŶʹ˼ţҶȻҡҡͷҶҶڸʲôӣ󣬵׵ģӽ⿪һ֮쾭𣿻Ū꣬ܶʲôԪ֮һҲҪ̸̣ʲô𣡡
һ̣ҶƺͨˣҶֵ
Ҷ˹ۿ֮оȻỨڴתĵңû
ȻҶһۣæֲȥҶϵᣬ벻ͱˣҲʣˣʵ㣬Ҫһ
ʲô
ҶӳڣյֱǲһʿͷѪΨûյҶ͵
Ե⣬һֱ󣬽죬һֵֻҪֵô¼еĵ㶼ܹˡ
ģ
Ҷ˲ΪЦϲ˾ϲ֮ɫֵ𣿡
ӵЦݣҶҲǿĲѣͷʲôʱƭ㣬ֵҲǵԼһĥģ岮Ƕûյĵ
ҰɣʲôȻô
ˣֵԪ֮
Ҷ˵仰ʱûע⵽Ҷ۵һ˿ԹԵĽԪ֮ʩչ˳
Ԫ֮ƣڣ㿴Ԫ֮֮ȻٽΪԪ֮͸ϸĸ㣡
úúã
Ҷ˷ܵͷϵŰơ
Ԫ֮ƴҶ֮ϣţҶָʾЩĸһʯͷ֮ϡ
ҶöӿԪ֮һΪԴѡһ
ӣˣ

Ҷĵɴ۾գҲգĶסǿʯͷ
Ԫ
ҶĿ³֣ʱԪ֮Ȼһҫ۵Ĺâʯͷȫľ飬ʯͷ𽥵Ļع鵽Դ״̬
Ҷû뵽ǣʯͷڵƵİ֮£ȻֱӾʧˣʧĵطȻһڰĿնͬһ㣬СʯͷȫͬΧĻΪĲЭ
֣Ҷһֲʵĸоٴӿͷ
ʯͷûˣۣǹԪ𣿵ôģңҡҶ֪ʲô飬ֻ˷ܵһԴš
ȻҶȴһ㶼ЦɫסԵһݣһԪ֮ӿݰŹâݾͬǿʯͷһʧ٣ֻʣһڰĿնݵ״ȫһģһ
ҶĿһУͬʯһ㣬һ
Ҷ̲סקסҶĸ첲ҡŵҰô˵ˣôˣ
³һҶվ¶ŨŨĳ֮ɫҶԴϸŵһ죬Ļиӣôҿ϶ΪȡҶģ


2274 Ԫ
Ҷɴ۾гãҶôˣҲ㻰˼ʲôĻиӣҾĶҶңû°ɣ
ҶһһԼҶֻԼഫһĽʹԾɼһЦݵûʲôеˣߣȥ岮ǰɣ
Ҳߣ㻹ûԪ֮أ
ģ϶̣Ǿͽ̣
ҶסҶССƣһҶңʹҶңˣ
һҵĽŲ𣬲Ƭ̹ҶҵˣҶǰʵôˣʲôˣ
ǰôȫгʲô𣿡
Ҷû˵ֻƽעǰһϤĴÿ˵ɨ֮󣬲֣صĵλгһգһһбʵгһգһܹĹƽڡ
㵽ôˣ˵ʲô軰أҶԪ¶֮ɫѵŵ
ĪСĵкҶҶĿ֮Զһ˿衣
ôˣ˳з貣ĿĶҶ
ÿ˶ڻ򿪿ڣĬģԸַʽѯҶҶֻǾţֱ˵ʧ֮Żı۾ʮ꣬ҹķǳģǳ㣬ĺԶҪֻϧǶǣǶǲڵģ
˭ΪʲôģҪҸ㣬Ҷһ϶ҵ㣬ʬΣΪ㾹ȻҶξ鹹ҵļ˺ѣ̤еУ㣬ﲻˡ
ɣһʮ꣡Ԫ
䣡
Ҷ£֮϶Ȼ˾ʮֵƣ飬ս֯һƬĵ֮Ԫ֮ΪӴ
ޱ޼ʣܲϵӣ֮һжʼ˱
ȱģĪ磬Ҷ˳ҶԪ
ҶеˣͬˤĻƿһϣϱƸѳһƬƬƣɢ
Ҷ۵ԭ򣬾֪һжǼٵģǶǲڵģǱϾԼϤԼʮ꣬ԼԸ⿴ǵʧǵĹԪ
ţҶңҶ磬磬ڵ֮֮£
ҶȻ˫ۣһΣۣ
ܣ֮
ǲɫģǲɫģһжǲɫģɫ֮УɫķݣÿһУɻһһӰ
ЩӰ֮УҶףλ׳ǰǺ֮·йһ֮ˡ
ÿ˶˫ĿգһֻƤʱʱĲ
һеһж˵ΣͬԼһһޱޱУ޷԰Σ
֮ҶܣбɱȻ֮ҵȴ˱ó֣Լ֮ǰ֪飬ֻ˵˲ٿҵΣ
Ҫҵ㣬Ԫ
ҶȻһ޾Ԫ֮ƴڵȴû壬֮пʼ˹Ԫ
Ҷûз裬ΪԸоĵһ˿ŹֵȴΪǿԼڻʧİǾԼԪ
ԪȻǰвٿԼξ֮ģԪ֮ƣס׷ԴӶܹ֪йضԷһЩϢ
˵ĺޣѾ˵ҶĺޣҼȻԷܹ֪ԼʮξԺȻԼ֣һҪŪԷ˭
Ԫ֮ƷӿƴĻԭ˿ԽԽıԴ
ͬʱ˷ȻһŭĺУ޺޵һȭڵǰĿ֮Уֱӽռ촷ۡ
ֻһֻһҾԪ֮ˣǸģôˣôأ
˴˴
˷ͬһУ֪Ҷηξ֮еġ
Ҫǣʮʱ䣬Сı֯ΣϧðգҶ˾ʮֵվȴǹһ
ʧʱ䵹νؼǾʮֵ͸Ҷһ컯װװ˴ʱ䡣
ңôõĻᶼûдĿģҲ´ˣ
Ҳİ
ʮĿľӪȻһ˷۱û˷ܲ
䣡
ʱͻȻһֻȭͷȻƿ˻˷ǰĿռ䣬֮ݺݵ˻˷ϣ


2275 ɽȭ
˷û뵽Լ֮Ȼܵ˵Ĺⲻ֮£ֱӱһȭͷ˸ţһģ˳
ȭͷ̺֮֮ǿû˷ͬɽӭݺݵҵһ㣬ֻԼǰð֮ǴʹбѪ
˭
˷ѾǼΪƣĪı˴һȭǳ׽ȼˣǲԼжûб˴ˣֻɱ˵ķݣ¾ɽ磬Цӭû뵽ٴᵽ˱ĸоһʱ
֪˷еŭǣھ֮ҲԥĺͶԷ֡
Ȼһȭͷȴ˻˷֮Ȼըһڻ˷˵еĵơ
֮иǴһһȭֻϢȼ£гһգҶĳضȡ
Ҷ
˷ʱסⷬĴֱȸղлҪ𾪣
Ҷ·У֮УԼɽ磬طɲֻǾϵĲ࣬ǱϵĲͬȫͬĲ档
ȻҶȻеĲ࣬·ɽ֮еϰȭͷֱԼϣ
൱ȸ½һȭȴ˻֮ڣΪѾκ˵»˷һʱ֮Ҳ޷ܡ
ʵǰҶģȴǵĵȷȷˣǱ֮ϴʹʱʱ̴̼̿Ż˷񾭡
ɱ㣡
˷һֱӳ˶֮ǧվ˻˷ǰޱĿ
ղѾҶҲҶջһȭ֪һȭʲô壬ڿǰ˷ʱȻˡ
֮֮ľǾ޴𺳣
Ҳ޷ţҶ·һȭɽġ
Ҳûʱȥˣ˷ȻڵˣĿȻԶ׼ҪɱҶ
·ϵĹأɽʵ֮˿ͨͨۿڣҪ·ҪŽ롣
ǰ˷һʱ򣬹վڴϣǰнԼһ˿Ϣ·͵Ҷߣ˵
ʢŭ֮µĻ˷ܲκεĹأһֻɱҶ
ڵԼǰǧޣ˷ȫ޶ãǵ
վס
ǧĿڣͬʱ֮ϻһŽ⣬ĿעŻ˷

˷ƽԸ԰֮⣬ܹۣ˵ǰʹˡ
˵ˣվס
ǧ޷ǵûÿڿڵͬʱǰһϵĽӵͬһ̫˻˷ǰ
ң
˷Ϻڵ¶ɱһӻûطɱǧޡ
ǧ޲ĵ˷ѵ㲻֪Ƕţ·֮ʱڴڼ䣬׼κ̤·ΪʹְȻҪҪô֮ˣ
ãܺãְܾ𣡡˷¶һ˿ЦҾͳȫ㣬ɣ
˷һָȻָɳŸƣڿбըֻ޴ĽڣȼŽɫĻ棬ǧ޺Хȥ
֣ͬ
ǧޱ飬Ҫ֣ͻȻһΪɢ˵Ķ𣺡˷ѵ·Ĺ𣿡
ĴһɫݺȻ˿УնǾֻȼŽɫĽ֮ǰҡҷÿһεҡҷ֮Уͷųһƣ˷
֮£ֻھȻͬʩ˶һȫ˿Уһ
ͻȻı仯û˷һ˿ȴзŭĻ棬Ϩǻָһ˿ǣעǸݵǻ˷³çˣ˷֪
ɢ֮ٴ𣺡Ȼ֪ͻȥɣԺǧҪٸִŵˣȻҲ鷳Ҳ鷳
ҡҷ֮УʱΧĲȫջأǾֻ»ָɣһ˻֮󣬻˵ƣ˻˷ڡ
˷΢΢һȻɨǧһۣת뿪
ȵ˷ʧ֮ǧŶҲ΢΢һӼʦ
˿ǧ޵仰Իޱȵ𾪣֮⣬˭Ҳ֪ʹǧޣȻ֮һĵӣ
ˣ֪ʦҿѾ׼ҪˣŹһ¡
ǧͷһֹͣ
û㣬Ҳ쵽˺ʱˣȻҪٸʲôˣûܹν̶ʱɣ



2276 ˵
Ҷ³һеķŭΪһȭͷ΢й˲١
˵ʵԼû뵽ԼԪ֮ư˿ɢԪ֮ͨԪȻ׷Դ˳˿ԪϢ͸˿ռĽޣһط
Ӧþɽ磬ԼҲԪ֮۳ȭͷݺݵĸ˶Էһȭ
ȻûܿԷĳ࣬ƾŶԷµϢҶţֻҪԼպܹԷȻܲ
ʵȷǲֵܳģǣһΪҶԪ֮Ԫ֮˷ʢŭ֮£һлܵĿռ䣬ŵԪ֮ƿԴռϰ
ô˵Ҷֵ֪ˣȴεļУԼһʮ꣬һиԼһ˼µ
֮󣬿ΧʵҶ˼ˣпֱӱ裡
Ҷ˻˷һȭ˿ڶȻҲֻʮһĻĻΣĿ
ȻҶ޻˷ȴҲòϣʮ꣬Ϊݵʮ꣡
ԽҲԽ޻˷̤ԼȫУԼ档
УҶߵˣȻٵģҶʵУлǣἫΪã
ΨһģеĶӣҶ
УҶȻҶʱ伸ûУǳΪ˸Ҷȴʱʱ̶̿ڹעĵΣһĴһ໴Ӥ꣡
ʮ֮УҶеָܰо¼Ϊ˸ˣӦöĵ
Ϊ˶ӣʲôԸ
ҶʵвڣδҶһӣΪȡҶҲվеǸҶһֻһΣһʮΣ
Ҷ۾ϵŬƽϢԼԼ侲ʼ˼⣬ӶתԼע
Ǹ˵˭Һ϶ԩ޳ΪʲôҪԸңңʵʱɱңȴʼûж֣Ϊʲô
֪֮УҶ뵽Ҷ
û취ΪԼҪҶԪ֮Ҫʶһ¹Ԫ֮Լ˲Ծ
Ԫܹ̽ıԴȴĳƾʧֻһķʽ䱾Դչֳңʧ֮һͬһĿն
ʧֻһֿܣǲڵģõģ˵ҶʧʯͷݣټʮвɻڿԿ϶Լʵ֮С
ԪҶ۾֪ˣҪҵԪ֮
ȻҶʹԪ֮ûΪԪ֮⣬ֹԪ֮ҲԪ֮еͱܹ֮֮ƿлһÿֵӵе
Ȼڣʶλ˲ϧķʮʱ䣬ΪԼӪһξΪԼԪ֮ʱ򣬿ӣԼԪ֮˵ҲǼΪϡһֵ
ȻĻôܻ˵أ
ɣҪ·ߵţ̾ҪһǧֵҲ˵κһ˶ӵǧֵ
ȻԪ֮ȤôȻ˵Ԫ֮Ҫˡ
Ȼͨ˶Է󣬵ҶҲûнһİ취飬Ͼ˼ɣԼǣԼͶԷ֮ʵ࣬ͨһȭҲܿһߡ
֮һȭһǳҶҲĽ飬Ǵλ˵ϣֻıǶѣ
潻ĻҶԼʤ㣡
ֻһһˣΪ˵õҵԪ֮Ȼƽ͸Ҿʮֵټϸܹ֮һֵ
ҶһȭһǿдȻȻȻĸֳõҶ
ܴ绹УӦûǵȴԼأ
Ҷߵߣ˯ееԥ
ûѣϾֻиܴ֮أҪѣһĸǾˣ
Ҷ⣬ڷе΢΢һĵܴ磬Ѿȥʮ꣬һҪûʱ䵢ˣңҲ֪ʲôʱܹԣֻһˣϣպܹŴټܴ磬أ
ֱӣҶ֮صԶȥȻʱȴǴһ˷ܵ˻𣺡ˣ


2277 ʵ
ҶĽŲȻͣ£ת¶һ˿ЦݣΪ֪ǸԵĴ󺺴˹
ҲҶе㲻ȻĿҶƬ֮¶Ȼ״θģֲˣӦ˰ɣ
֮Уеʱʵʱ䣬ȫһ£йʮ꣬ʵҲĹȥʮꡣ
ոѹ󺺣϶Ҳжɹʮ֮ãڴ󲿷ֵļԾɳУԵҶŻе㷢㶡
Ҷ󺺺˼ȻԵǰǹ֮·Լѣ֮УҲԼѹЩ˵׸ͱȲ
ܺýͣͷԼ򵥣֫Խ˼ˣԽþҲԽױɱΡ
ǵģˣҶͷ˴һ϶Ļش
ظĳһǾͺãʮ꣬ҾȻʮ궼ûзУ⹷ƨ·ʵ̫ˣ
ҶȻҲǸидǰһʮ꣬Ȼδ
ͷȻе㲻˼ĳҶһֵҽɽԣ磬ǰе֣
ȻҶͨĿ⽫󺺻֮ҲӮأķڷҪҶύ
ɽԣޱȣҽҶԣҶԥһ£˵Լڵ֣磡
磡
û뵽ɽ֣ȻԲ۾ĶҶѹôԭԻ磡
ɽԵ̬ȷҶеͷˣɻʵɽֵܣôˣ
㲻֪
֪ҶǳϿҵĽԼԼǰոմǲŵֵ֪˵˳ɽֵܣǻиرǿĴڣһ죬Ƕ鶼˽⣬ֵܸ֮
ŶɽԵͷʵҲûʲôֻ֮еУǼΪĴڣǵ֮д·лȥһЩǰҲ˵ʿԶʿҪǿ󡣡
Ҷ⻹ǵһᵽԼĵ磬Ȼ֪ΪʲôȴԾԺУϾԼļң
ȻҶҲͨɽԵⷬȻǾǵ֮едǻ֮
ǵ֮һꡣ
ѹ֮ûеһ죬˵ƿĴڣΪĵûе꣡
ɽֵܣʻ֮Ҷֽʵ
ɽһֺĿ⿴ҶҲ֪
ҶɵڨڨһЦ治֪
ǧ֪֪
֪ҶգҿɽͷԼ򵥣˼ȻĻڶЦˣ
ǧֻһжٵû˵ÿһֵһ磬ԵȻҲ
ҶͷԭֻΪеħֵ磬ȻڿԼ뷨̫Ƭˣԭÿֵܹܻһ硣
ɽԽŵ·˵ˣҲǸееʿһɵĻᣬĵԽ࣬ɵĻҲԽ󡣡
Ȼû֪жֵȴ˽ֳ֣ʵ
ʵ
Ҷ΢΢üԼδ˵˵Ȼʵ֮֡
ʵɽԴҲ˵֮žЩüŵĵ罣֮֮
֮üţҶ̲סڴɽԣ֮ôʵ
ɽԲԴͲ壬ЩʵǿŵĶ֮УУ˵֮Щ
ȻҶʵǺܶĽȴʱˣ룬ʵӦþޱ־֮Ķ
ǣȴֵǼȲҲʵֱǵ֮ħ֮֮ǻĻ֮
ֵģԣֵܻĵ֮еʿ˵ҪǿĶࡣ
ҶֻȻ֮УʵԼڵĲ²ҲǴֻļһЩħֵȷʵǼΪĵȻǸܻĵ磬ҲĴڡ
ֻû뵽ֵ֮⣬Ȼһ֮ͬȵĴڣҲˣΪʲôлеܻɻ꣬˵꣬Ӷһĵ˾Ż꣬
ڵǵһ·Ӧ֪ʵŻħĿҲֻɽô򵥣»иҰģ


2278 
ɽֵܣ˵Ԫ֮𣿡
ԼԪ֮ҶȻеΪֵȲʵҲ͵ħĵҲûʲôϵ
ҲɽͷԼ򵥣˵ĻҶôʡ
ɽҡҡͷûô֪࣬ҲеĵδܻҲһ
ʵҶУԪ֮һΪ󵨵뷨뷨ոշԪ֮ʱѾˣֻʱڸУڵô˽⣬Ҳһֱû롣
ǽɽһȴٴ˼Լ뷨
Ԫ֮Ϊ֮ĸ֮ʼ֮֮Ԫ
Ԫ֮᲻еıԴ˵ؼ䵮ĵһֵĵǴԪܻ֮
ȻҶе㲻ţȴΪԼ뷨ӦûȻĻԪܹ֮ȥеĵܹԪΪʲô˶Ԫ֮ϧķʮʱԪ֮
Ҷ֣㻹𣿡
ɽԵĻҶ˼ҶҲͷҶ׼ˣͣ
߰ɣأһ
ȻŰ쵵ɫǵȷͬɽ˵˵أǳܣ
˲УɽҲûѯΪʲôҶûеףΪиûЩ
һ·֮ϣҶ˺ܶʿٸ֮࣬ȫУֻϧȻûһϤףȻҲȥѱˣɽԶ˾ͬһҴҶС
ɽԵ磬Ҷ˺棬Ǳ̲סѯһ£ɽڳĬƬ֮ſ˵
ɽڵ磬Ϊƶ񤣬ƶ񤲢ָǵľϣǰС
ӣѷ˵ˣʿǼΪļѣǣ磬Ȼֻһ֮Ҳ˵еʿ޷ĵֻܸ֮
ҲΪЩؼһ𣬲ˣһɽ򵥶ֱ
磬ǿߣֻӵ㹻ʵȥ֪ΪһǿʿҪŬ
Ҷû뵽ǣɽԣ˵ʿǰصĿģΪ˳ɣֻҪõ㹻ܹڵ飬뿪磬ǰһȫµĵ磬һĵ磡
ʿǣΪ֮ŬеռĿģ
Ҷʱɽԣ綼Ȼ𾴣вΪԼΪ˸ıһ
ɽֵܣȻҵޣȻҲ֪뿪֮ǻܷټģֻҪҶҾһĿ꣬ܵĻһӭ鵽
лл
ɽڵлʱ򣬵ͷҲһ˿˿˻ơ
ʵԵΪɵģʵУȴһԱһ־Լڵ͵ԱʵҲˣ֪ˣʿֱӺų⡣
·ϣɽǹ¶ģҲӵѣеԱͰԵԸȴò˱ž롣
֪Լ·˵һѣңѣķڷ
ˣ
ҶɽǼʵļ򣬼ǰȥ
ܿ죬˾֮صһΣﲢ֮һռĿ˹ؿֻҪҸ֮ôͨأԣ˿ǰֵľһȲϼ֮š
ͣ½ŲҶתȥипǧû뵽Լشʮ꣬һΪͰʮ꣡
ҶɽǵԸûκεĸпֻȻҶڻܣҲһԵȴš
ˣɽֵܣһֱ𣬲֪ûл棬ౣأϣгһգܹŴټ
Դ֪ɽԵ֮ҶçûκεӺͶУҲĽ䵱ֵܡ
϶ģҶ֣Ҳౣأ
һ߰ɣ
ã
ҶɽԶˣͬʱǰĲϼ֮ţҶȴǳɽԲעʱ򣬽ԼóеĵҩһЩϣ˿ռ䷨֮УȻ͵͵ɽԵϡ
ͬ飬ʩᣬǾԼܣȥɽʵ룡
ɽ׳˶Ӱڴ˲ϼ֮ţҶҲ֮˳ȥһεĹһˣ̤Լ·


2279 ʮ
ʮ꣡
֪ʮȥˣ
ʮ꣬ҶʼǱѵ״̬һһĵأĿǰΪֹѾﵽİʮ˵ס
ȻѵʱҲǿʮֹ׸İٶֵǺķһʮ֮á
ٶǼΪ˵ģǵҲԶԶûдﵽٶȡ
һУȻҪ鹦ҶԪ֮Ԫ֮棬ֱŵ޿ɱǿơ
еԪӱԴ֮ʼ˵ȻҪĶĶࡣ
һ·Ҷϵţûͣ¹Ƭ̵ʱ䡣
ʮ̣˸ɫ飬ύ˲ٵѣȻҲ˲ٵĵˣҲ˲սľ֪֣ͬͨЩĿУ𽥵·϶˿
ģ󲿷·ϵǣ֪ҶĴڡ
Ѫ׷񻰣
һУҶûʲôоȻܵҪ͵ԸʹȻĳЩߵʱȻԥվ
Ϊ˶һ磡
ҶںľԼѵ䣬ÿһµĵأ鲻ǴأѰҺʹÿζҪضѲһ飬ΪҲ˲ٵʱ䣬ȻĻٶȽӾˣ
ֻеźǣʮ̣ȴҲûпһϤף˵˳ʦǣףɽԣҲҲû
ڻˣǼϧҲ֪ҶҪѰҵЩ˵䡣
ȻҲǺѶҶҲٵһЩǵϢ˳ĳ֮УȻ֮һ֮ǿƿأŵʱڵ֮еʿȫȻء
Ϊ˾һֻޣϧһ˶սʿƽ뿪
ºöĺǣõѪħţ۳·ϡ
кܶܶϢÿЩϢҶеο壬Ȼ֪ΪʲôץߣȴȻһڲϵĴŵأֻҪǶţô㹻ˣ
˹ֵܺʦǵϢ֮⣬ҶȻҲһЩ֣ЩֵˣͬһǿʵһЩ֮£Ӷӵ
вٺߣὫҶ֣Ƿŵһ𣬻бȽϣһ¾˭ǿ˭˭·ϵĵһˣ
գ˹ƳˣƺҶΪӦʿǿģǾ˭ռݵһ˵ĳƺţֻ˼һ棬Ҵһ֪ˡ
ҶϢʱֻǵȻһЦʲôһû˿ȤֻԽԽ¶ԽԽ˼ѣϣռǡ
ȥЩ֮⣬Ҷļź۽ҲǴĿ·˵磬Ѿ˽˺ܶ࣬ȻԾֻ֮ܣڵھȥľѾ
ɽǿ϶ڵģ·ǳɵΨһ֮·ȻڻУûгɵʿٵ磬ȴвȷʵ֤ݿ֤ʿȷͨ·ɣڳΪ֮󻹻عԼڵĵ磬ˡ
ֻǣȻ֤ɴڣ˻ع£ȴǷ൱ԶĹȥǧʱ䣬κε綼ûгֹ˵ټˡ
㣬ʿΪȻǵҶ֮ȴɻΪ뵽˻硣
еķ˽;죬˽Ҳܿˣȴ൱һʱ䣬ûй˵ټ
ⲢȻɣѪۺħǣһǿ󷨹⽫˿
ˣҶãɽ͵֮ĹϵʵԼеķ˽;죬ô˲ܹǰ磬᲻ҲǱĳЩ˸
ǵĻԭʲô
޽⡣
Щ֮⣬·ʿʵֱ׼ҶҲ˽ˣʲôʲô죬Ϊ˵ֻͬǷӡ
ʵ֤͵õÿַǰкڣܹڡ
ʸ񴩹ŵʿ綼ʵǰڣһ۳ʵڡ
ԼķԼĵ۳ɵĺԼͬһ塣
ȻĵԽ࣬ôԽ۵ʼֵĵпеڻɣҲпֻĳһֵۣŸĵԽ࣬Ȼ󲻶еֱΪʵΪʵڡ
һ˵ңпܴﵽʵڡ
ʱ򣬾ҪӶֵУҳһԼıԴ֮һõΪԴҲν֤ڡ
Դ֮ΪʿһеĸҲǳɵĹؼΪţҪԴ֮ߵ
Դ֮Ҳ̤һõɣֻһ֮ң


2280 ͬ˼
·ʿʵ͵صϢϢأһǧأƽֳɾŸ׶Σÿ׶ξһһʮһء
һһһʮһʵǰڣһһʮڶٶʮʵڣԴƣ˵ʮ֮󣬾ǵõǰڡ
ȻһŶֻۣǸµĻֱ׼ﲻ׼ôҲͺԵãܹţҲ޷ߵ
׼ôϣȻҲԽ
ǲʲô׼еٶȣ·ϣ֮⣬ΪѵĹؿȴ㣬Ϊ·٣
٣һ飬һʿ·̵Ŀ飬һٱһټѣ֪ʿ֮Уǵڶ٣
ʵ֤֮ʱһ٣ҲһأһԴɣҲǴ֤õ֮ʱͻӭڶΪѵĵأ
һ٣֮أڶ٣Ϊս֮أ٣Ϊţ
Ҷˣ̤·ĵڶأ֮أȻӦô̤֮صģⶼǻ˷ڰֽš
˵ǧ޷ҶȻ֮غΪ𾪣ΪԼ½Ҷǰ˵һ١
ҶȴƾʵأӭԼĵڶ٣Ҳǰǹ֮·ͨս֮أ
ս֮أȻǸս֮ս֮ð취һ֡ս
ս֮أһĵõʿҪ˳һأؽսˣʿ˵ؼֱһجΣҺܿǳԶѲجΡ
ǣҪɣͱ뾭أ봳أѾս֮ʿҲ᲻ɱ
Ҳ˻Ϊս֮ʿս֮ػӵƣʵǡǡ෴ǵȷӵƣҲҪԸսΪɱ˸ս֮ˣֱɵģս֮ΪԴĵݵķ
Ҷս֮ȴû˿η壬ηκεսҲõʦսģս֮ĸԼ˶Ҫ׵Ĵء
еڴΪϣܹԼˣѾս֮ʦ֣ʥս죡
ֻ֪Բ󣬾ʦָս֮ҲܻԼٶȣôõ
ҡҡͷҶջԼЩͷƽ˲ϼ֮š
ǰſȥͳɱ֮ǳҶüͷΪʱ˿̣ûУǳ֮⡣
ܣɢɢķֲŴʮʿеǹһˣеȺۼһ
ȺˣǾѣʱɵˡ
Щʿ֮Ϊʵԭ򣬻ϵһ𣬽ʱͬˣԼڵ֮УֻˣȻȵʣǼ˵ʱٽɢͬˣ˴˼ֳʤ
ò˵ֽ˵ȷƣܹԼʣȡƵͬʱͬҲƣǾκϡ
Ͼ˴֮ûκεĽ飬Ϊ˶ݵϣһٸʱ˾ͻ߽⣬пܱ˵ͬӱͱһ
ЩʿеϢȫޣͬͨһ㣬еɢǿϢߣֱӽԼıԴԼ
ΪһʾҲһƣս֮֮ǰּ˵ĺ
һ־Ǵ󲿷˶η㣬Ӷڽ֮󣬲սһ־ǳ׼ŭˣڽ֮׵еӭ˵ֹ
֮ÿ˶֪ȴԼļһغغɵĴսԶԵķʽΪս׼
Ҷֵһɲǣ̾˵Ŀ⣬ΪǱҪܶ˽ԼٵĶ֣ȻҲҪѰһܹ˵Ķ
Ҷɫƽ֮ڼԼϵĿ⣬ȫûпһֻǿǰǿǳв²˾ۼֱӽصԭ
ʱȻͬʱ𣺡Ѫɫͷ׷Ѫ׷񻰣ѵǸҶ
ȻڿҶ֮ʮ֮·ϵĴţϳҶ
⼸ڳҶ֮⣬˵ɫ˱仯еüͷ壬ţɣôùȻͬʱս֮أ
еɫ˸ʲô񻰣ս֮УҾֻ񻰣
еȴתаǹһˣҪǺˣ᲻ӵиʤأ
֮ΪҶĳ֣ӵ˲ͬ˼


2281 ħ
ΪҶͽδʿ֮⣬ȴ˼źҶ˵ĿԺͺ
Ҷͬ˵ǿ󣬺ȻܹĪĺôͬҲٸķա
вΪҪɱҶɱʿ֮еǿߣǽ˵ĺȻͻΪԼ֮֡
һѵľ׾ȡ
ڣһͬ˷һߣ˵ע֮£ߵҶߣһϷŷĬ԰磬ҶִҪҶֽΪˣҶս֮أ֪ҶΣ
Щʿ˼Ҷʵ֪ȴûȤκ˽ˣߣĲҪ˵İˡ
ʮ֮У֮أұһȭˣͬ伣һ㣬ûг֣Ҷȴûи˿иŶԷԲôŹԼԣİˣǱžԶ̬֮ȡ
ҶܵɵѿңһǱȽһˣǸ
õҶľܾŷĬɫеѿȻҶ֪ǺҲʵλŷĬҲСҪǣΪҶҲܾԼŻ˹Ҷǰ˵顣
Ȼû뵽ҶԾɾܾˣʿǰʧһӣҲûڴʱ˿̷˵ͷת߻ԭء
ţм˶Ҷ˽˵Ĵ߻һޱȣŮֱϣѰҶıͰһ⣬ȫҶܡ
ҶȻǱϾǵڲ֪Էϸ£Ͱ߱ˣûΣû
˵ܹ̤õʿѵ
ȻҶûкκ˽ˣȴмˣΪҶľܾˣŷĬǸŮң˿ҶĿ֮УԶһ˿Թޡ
һУҶȴδϣ˼֮ԻԼ˽ս֮صԭ򣬿Ϊ
ֻдﵽһս֮زŻῪڴ֮ǰľǵȴ
ͨԭ֮Ҷܸɴһƨϣ۾
˭Ҳû뵽һȾһµʱȥʱ֮У½˳֣Ѿ˰ˡ
ÿһˣܵѾɵ˵£Ծɹһ˵ģܹᳬʮˣУȻͰҶ
Ҷʼձƣһƺеһкû˿ĹϵʵϣҲڰ۲ˣݶԷԸȵȣжǵΪ˺ʵԼȵڵ֮Ӧԡ
һ죬һ˳
һòĴ󺺣˫Ŀ֮˸˵ĺ⣬üУһĨͬѪһӡǣһֱ֮ϣɷһ㡣
󺺣˵üĵӡǣͬҶڣϳ˶Էħ磡
ħΪ֮ʵ֮䣬ȻħҲͬҶڵĻһΪǵĵ֮һ
Ȼ󺺾ħʿĨӡǾħʿеı־
ħʿͺöѱԶ˵ȥ͵ߵ£ӹüֳݵӡǾܿ
ȻҲΪˣħʿǿ󣬻Ϻ˸ȥǡ
ħĴһ֮󣬾ԼĿ⣬˵һһɨ̬֮
Ȼܶ˿ûнս֮֮ǰ˭Ҳ
ߣ
󺺴ӱǿһߣȻûнǰЩ˿ʱĿȴǿһǣûпҶ
Ѫ׷еĺʱǣ𣿾Ȼˣ˼
£ѾҶ˹ȥͬʱָҶʵι㣬׷СӣòǸųƲܵҶɣ
һĻʱΧ˵ȤӣħĴ󺺣ҪҶսˡ
ãÿ˶Ҷź棬ϾҶ¼ǵ;˵ڳЩû˼ҶֵģֻҶܽ˭ҲԸǣ̽ҶڼȻԸͷȻֵԹˡ
ҶȴɱǸû󺺵Ļһ
ۿŴ󺺾ҪߵҶǰȻʱһâ֣һλ˳˳ֵλǡڴʱ󺺵ԶԶȥ󺺵ס·
ǣ˶һĺǳ⣺
Ŷֳֵģһֱ֮Ŵ󺺹˹ȥ
˲䣬˰ԵĹȻǾˣʼδ۵ҶȴʱȻתͷǸոճ֮ˣ


2282 ٪
û֪Ҷӵһ߳ʱ򣬾λħͬĴΪס˱˵·Էǳ⣬⵽ֹ
ǸǳҶˣȴպҶΪѣҶ֪ˣһʿ·ΪԼĳɣΪ˸ı滷Ӷʿ˾壡
񣬷ǰһĻҶ˵һֵϤ۾˳֮ˡ
ҶܹɽԣΪǸܵ£ʮ֮ǰɽԺԼոմ·һٵ֮أʮ֮ٴκԼͬʱ·ڶٵս֮أ
˱̬ٶȣҶ֪Լ֮⣬ٲˡ
ֻϣԷ磬ôںɽԵĹϵݼڣԸʿύ
ȻҶϣȴˣոճֵˣǵ磬Һ˸Ӷűߡ
һɿС٪ߣͱħĴһ룬Դվȷǵ·
ž
λ٪ֵ̫ͻȻħĴҲǰˣ뵽˸ҶԼ֣ûκεķڱ˸ţϱһΪĶ⣬¸ŵ˳ÿ˵ס·
ͣԱˣ٪ȴǸٿһۣջƣǰȥƺĸղŴĲħʿһֻӬһ㣡
㡭ڻعʱȻŭһָ٪ߵĺ󱳣ҪȻһֳڣɫ䣬ͻȻסԼʺ֮дһ֮˲Ϣ֮䣬͵˵ϣһغ
µǣ󺺵ʬ徹ȻҲۿɼٶȷɿʧţƬ֮󣬴󺺾Ǵûгֹһʧ٣ëûʣ¡
֩룡
ڵ˿֮С˵٪ߵ
֩룬ʵǶ٪壬ħһʿΪ٪壬ȴΪɻ˳ƺΪ٪壬ǸɴгƺΪ֩롣
ʵ˵󺺰һƾĪʬ嶼û£˵٪ߵˡ
·ϣҶЩ˵ȷպգбѡΪһ˵ƣʵϣ綼ǲԻˡ
ֻе¸ߵеµ͵Ϊ֪ˡ
٪嵹µ͵෴ΪߵȻĻôֱɱ˱˶ǵħʿ
Ϊ̫ݣǱɱˣղǴһʬǶ£ʿΪɵ֮ǣȻҲܽҶᲢˡ
ҶҲѾ±۾ȻԷ磬ȻûκȤħ󺺵Īùġ
ҲΪħ󺺵ôҶһֿ϶ͿˣٴǸеǣλ٪壬ȻɨһȦ֮ҲĿͣҶϡ
ܵ٪Ŀ⣬Ҷ̾˿ԹЩԼˣ˵ԼҲˣαطҪԼ˵
Ѫ׷ֱҶĶٰͣ㶼㲻ˣ
ȻҶҲΪ˱鷳͸Ļ·ڷɫǲ硣
ѪɫѪһţ׷ΪԼ˶һҹͷЩĹľκҲܱĨɱ
£ͬҲ£
Ȼ٪ڶҶ˰֮󣬸ɰͰ͵֮¶һ˿ɭЦݣֱߵҶǰ
Ҷ·ϵһˣ
Ҷ۾žԼ׵Ķ٪壬ƽĵҵȷҶǵһ˵ĳƺȴǲҵ
٪һЦҵð찡õôͬ棬¸ҿͷӴ֮պûٻ˵ǵһˣ˭˵㣬Ҿɱ˭Σ
Ҷٴ̾˿٪岢ǵһڵ֪ԼݺǰƵˣ£ԼҲӦϰˡ
ֻ벻ͨǻܻɱԼ֮⣬ʵܵõʲôأ
·죬һߣԹ޳𣬺οΪһأ
˵ãûҪְֻҪ£ҿͷѣ٪һЦ˵ûиᰡոȥǸСһҲˣ
˶ʱȻ򣬶٪϶ǳ˵Ĺ򣬶Ҷ¶ˣ
ҶȻѾж٪Ļô³ͽħһʬ嶼޷¡
ҶϵЦȡ֮һͬرɽȻ벽ĺ󳾣ңȫ㣡


2283 ı
飡
Ҷ򵥸ɴһȭٶ֮죬ö٪ϾܣټӰСֱӾͱһȭݺݵϡ

һҽдӶ٪ĿдССͬʯͷһ㣬ֱֱķ˳ȥȻصˤ˵ϣ⽴һغ
Ҷ£ǲ£Ƕ٪徹ȻһİжʩȻȥ
οڼս֮УһжҪʵ˵һٶ˶ѾԽ˴ССˣԼһٵ͵һʾĻʱ򷴶ܻᱻΧиɵ
Ҳⶾ٪óΪҶĶ
ڶԷȻԼʩչĶҶ֪ܲǵ֪Ҹδϣܵ־磬ʩչĸͨĶǵԵ۳ɵĶ
ֻǶ٪Բ뵽һǰҶ;˶֮أҲƿŶ֮ټԪܹ֮һйԪǵ۳ɵĶԪ֮󣬶𲻵˿á
һȭж٪壬Ҷٴα۾һΣΧ۵Ҳ׷׵ƿĿ⣬ٿҶ
٪ҲȷǿŶ֮޼ɣȻܵõôʵȻҲȥȴҶһȭ͸ɴ˿ɼҶʵ֮ǿĸִžԲǿѨ硣
Ƭ̹ȥͻȻǰǳȻתǧϼһ޴ޱȵĴš
ͻȻı仯˶ȻӦζڿԽս֮ˣ
ǿȲϼ֮ţȴûһ˸ҵһУмСʿڴʱ˫
Ϊһս֮أܷڸս֮뿪ܷŻս֮ʱ򣬶δ֪顣
ܿܣս֮أԼ֮أ
֪˭̹ȻԣοǶѾǵõˣֻһ֮ңԸʱ
ڣҶˣ˵ע֮£̹ȻȲϼ֮š
û˿ԥû˿ͣ٣ǵ˽ȥܿ죬ʧ˵ǰ
˵Ƿ룬ཻ֣ͨԸս֮ûпܣ
ȻСĵ
ϧո֮󣬲ϼ֮ŶȻŹâһǿķ籩ӿ˲ͽϯκ˶޷ѣȫ籩Юţ˲ϼ֮ţ
ս֮صĹ򣬱սû⣡
ȫʧ֮󣬲ϼ֮ȴɴڣȻƬ֮󣬹âȻһȺ˳
Ⱥʮ֮࣬죬ŴǼΪ࣬ŮٶУȴһͬ㣬һ˱Ű֮ȥ˸о
һɫݻƣͬδߣĿɭĿһȦ֮һЦǶ·𣿿·Ҳûʲô𰡣
ϻ·ȻһѵܶʲôһƤĴ󺺺ĵ
ˣˣһʿĿڣȴǲŭ·Ĺ򣬶˵ôҪסᣬ˭ҪǸҸҵңᣬֵʱҹ費
ΪİʿȺʿ죬ĻǰĻߺƤ󺺸κε塣
סǵˣȥɣ
Źһ£ܹʮˣͬʱ˲ϼ֮š
ʮ˵ʧΪʹǧޣϺεһŭ˷˷Ϊ˵õҶԪ֮㾹Ȼϧ˵ǣǸĹ׼·ʿ붫·
ʦҪ𣿡
ǧǵ֮һɢȴǽ𣺡Σ·ǿģǶͨ·Ϊ˵ģҪĹܸ棡
ǾҪ̵ʲôʱ򣡡ǧ޵мл
ǧޣ֪Ҷǳ⣬ѵûѵΪ˷ôɱҶǲĿԴյ˭ս֮Уƽ߳
ǧ޳ĬƬ֮ҿԼ̣ҲԲָ棬ұҪʵҶ˷Ҫǣ
ͬɢҲǳĬƬ̺Ž𣺡ðɣǧСģҪκ˷֣һ˷֣ԴΪɶԸĻΪʦҲδܱס㣡
ף
ɢ𣬶ǧȴظһĳһϥȻֳһԼ
ĵһ̣ĴѾϰʯţ뵽·ϣ


2284 ֮
ǧ޵ĵڽ뵽·֮ͬʱȻֻ޴ڹϵɢյλⱦͽҪǳʲô£һ˿ɵ𣬵ʱλæ
Ҫ㰵ʹƣͽܣ֪ˣʲôȥˣܣ
λƺ֮ϵԽ˵Խߣžһٴ۶еͣ߶·ƺƺͬһ㣬ӿˣ
ȻƺԾɲܽվһ
𣡡
һ·ƺ֮д֮УƺмֿȻ¶һ˶ͷ
ͷʵǴ˼£ƺһ۶ͷֻǸֱ֮ʡ
ʱ˿̣ͷֻ۾֮Уȴ͸һη壬Ķλ󺺣С弧μħ𣡡
ߣ㻹֪ħأϹЦӸµעżĵǲңȥСӣǧ޳Ϊͽܣ㣬ˣû꣡
ȼڣǸɢ궸Ȼŵħͷ㻹ûˣȻǰңûа㣬Щ˶ˣǿҲܸó˰ɣ͵ˣ
ⷬһ˫֮жŨŨڷɼǶôί
֮£κҲԲ뵽ħû¾ԭ򣬾ȻΪ¡
ƨɢĻͬϽһ㣬ô󺺵ŭӿŵҴһܣˡ
ʹΪ㰡ɢһ£ŽŵϣСһߣȥܣͿħͷ˳ˣ
㣬ȥСӣ
ǣòʮɵľ޴بƺɢµǴڹҲˮ̧ͷ
Ȼɽϵ𣬾ȻҪˣ
ʱһϵ𣺡λܷһ㱡棬ɸΪ񲯣
˵֮ˣȻǲߵߣĻɢʹͬʱһƺߣȻͬʱڣڷϣŹһΣ
߿Цҡҡͷ뵽ǰǧ̤·ߵ֮ʱΡ
ǧ޵ıԴȻǻ֮ĵոսɽ磬ע⡣
ټǧޱҲǾˣȻͬʱͽ֮ġ
û뵽ǧȴǲΪҪԼŬУԸκΪʦ
Ϊߣȡ֮󣬿ǧ޵ļᶨҲ͸ɴɢʹħȴɲϷ䱾ʼʹֶΣգ伫յһţڵóԸΪǧ޵ʦ
ħ𾡹δԸȴʼղΪ̫ɣʹթˣʱʼϵͿʼˮ
ֹϵҲֻǱ󣬷˼Ϊ˽⣬֪Ҳֻĵ֮УΪԼѰһʱȤʲô飬ǻ޷˵վһ
ͬԴǧһ㣬Ȼħڿ˵ܣǧѣħ𲻿Թۡ
Ҳ˼ȥæת˻λҶӣʲô
ħȿڣҿˣȻڵһһˣһվˣأ㲻ü֮ĵˣ
Ǻħ𳪷ģǿɲһԪ֮ΪŹ֣˷СӶΪʼûжɱ֣ڸǲϧǸĹ׼·ϵʿ붫·ΪȻԪ֮
𰵰ͷۣæŵϸ۲Ԫ֮˵ֹԪ֮Ϊ棬ܽһйԪҴҲƾŴ˵ڶ̶̶ʮʱİٶأõпܳΪˣ
ɣħҡͷΪǧ޻ǵˣǧ޲ǣȻų˸ӹʦĿܣû׼Ҳǧһ
𵱼ˣŭħͷ˵ʲô˭ӹʦ˵
̾˿òٴγ䵱ϣλҪԿǣֻٳһλУ֮Ҳǵһϣǧǰ֪һڱףԣıָ֪ĻʱǾԲԹۣ
Ȼ𵱼ͷͽȻôʦصΪʦôܻ۸ҲУ
ħҲɫģ¹شȻֵأ


2285 ǧ
ڲϼ֮ţҶѾϰΪˣ֪Ⲣţʵһִ󷨣ĳضĹ򣬽е˴͵ĳضĵط
Ϊ̤·ʿû֪ᱻ͵ĸطֻһ㣬䴫͡
˵ʵָоҶܲˬҲţԼ·ϣһָоˡ
ʿУܹ·Ϊ˳ɶһģǲ֪˶֮¡
˵ЩͺöģҶģҲģԸԼٿء
ǿߣҪƿԼˣԼѡ·ٶ裬ҲҪһȥӱ˵İţڱ˵ָ֮£ȥѡԼԸߵ·
ֻǣԸ鲻Ըǿʵǰ˺ɵĲǰ˲òѡ˽ܡ
ҶҲҪˣͬɽȥٵһǹ֮·ȥٵһϼ֮ţȥٵһء
·ֻһˣԥȥ迼κεĺǣʵˣǹ֮·ǲϼ֮ţ˵һ֮ˣ֮⣬ʿΪԼ˵ڲˡ
ÿ뵽㣬ҶϲԾĻ᷺Ц룬ѪҶǾҶĻԼӦòκεԥˡ
ʱҲɴ÷սʹ죬ɱʹ죬վ
ԣǷǱûЩԥûЩҶҲͲҶˣ
ϼ֮ڼΪİҶһֱڲͣǰߣȻ䣬˲ԾΪκһδԽţҲûлôʱ䣬Ƭ̵Ĺ򣬿ڣѾ˺ܾãȴȻڴ֮Уѵս֮أ˵һ
·ÿصĻͬеǼ򵥵磬е޾գеĳֻӴ޵ڣս֮һƬϼĻҲûʲôֵġ
ȻʱҶͻȻһںšԼ֣Ҷ
һΪİҶȴܸоһ˿ϤƺˣԼĳֹϵһ
˭
˹ΣҶû˿η壬ֻͣ˽Ų̹ȻĶķʵ
ҽǧޣʹ
һɫӰڲϼ֮г֣У˲ϢҶǰʵϣһ˿Ц⡣
ҶȷԼûмΪǧ޵İӣǾͬղһԴϤ
ҶüͷΪԼӿûɵϤе⣺û㣬Ҿ㣬ʹ·𣿡
Ȼǧ޵ĵҶĻϵЦŨ˼ֵҾػţҲ·յ֮ˣȷûңµĵͼŻң
ͼҶʱȻ뵽ڵͼԼļ֮УǸվ֮ϣеİɫӰ
ǧ޵ĻҶŲɣΪǰİɫӰͻеǸɫӰغϵһҶȫ˶Էݡ
ǧޣˣ˵˻֮ʿˣԪͼˣ˵ԭȵˣ
Ȼ֪˶ԷݣҶȴеȻȫû뵽Լһǧޣһ·ϣս֮֮У
ҶеǣǧޣȻ·ˣң˼·ƺֹһ
Ҷźܶɻ󣬵ûпʳΪŶԷȻԼǰȻ׼ҪԼһ飬ѯʣ˵
ҶƽķӦǧҲе⣬΢΢һЦ򶨣֪ҵ֮ûһ㼤ߺ𣿻ߣǲǸüǰ
УҶ̹Ȼͷе磬¶൱ʱû˼ˣҳôٴμ˵ĵһˣ˵Ǹ֮ݼ㣬ǣѵãڴ֮ǰӦΪ飬ҸĽ𣿡
ҶĻǧסˣȻΪҶԼĴˣҲû뵽ҶȻڳμԼʱ򣬾ͶԼɣص㶼˵ָˣ
ãǧһ֮ЦҪĽָͣӦǵɣ
Ҷû˵Ҳûеͷ˫ĿֱֱĿ
ȷҶ˵ľǵ֮һĵ
ڻһ죬ϵѾʤȴǧģǧ޵ʵӦܹ֪ΪǶһУȴǲŲʣɵ񣬾ͳһ㣬ҶȷҪǧ޸ԼһĽͣ¶Էǰˣ


2286 ɺԪ
ҶеʮͣʷһԷݣָ˵ˡǧȻƽҶĲο˵£ȷĴ
Ҹ㣬ڻڷ飬µĵͼ֮ʱܸܵ⣬飬Ҷһ֪Ųţ
Ҷעǧ޵Ŀ⣬Ŀ֮һƬ峺ˣ޷仰ɡ
ڴ֮ǰҶҲ֪ˣ綼Ѿ൱õʱûмˣϵһ𣬻ǧ˵ʵΪˣҲ޷֪ڻ顣
ǧҲҶӦԹԵµĵ綼ûе꣬Ψл磬ΪҸ˻֮ڻԵɺ֮˵꣬Ƿֳ˾Ÿ
û뵽Ҳ˶û뵽ģʱҵȷй뷨ҪŸߣҵʦȴֹңҽڻ磬˵һһܹıҾˣ
Ҷ۾ظǧ޵Ļı
˵ˣԵ㣬ʱޣֻܳ˵ǧ޼ӿ٣ƺڸʱһҶסɽ磬㣬ôãȷ֮ʱ㽫ãˣһ
ңɽҲܸӣ˵ˣҵʦɽ֮һǵΪҪ
һУΪʿߣ
ҶֻԼһŽǧ޵Ļе˼
ʵɽΪˣһΪԪɣһΪɣԪɣΪɣڵˣɽˣǣͬڣɣǴӷˣǧ裬һУ˵ģ
·Ԫɿٶ˵㶼ţǵʱĿģΪģҪûгɵĿܣҪ˳Ϊֻ֮ʲôһΣ
ҶкһеˣԪɣз飬
ӵи߹壬ӵǿʵδû뵽ǣԽԽķ飬ͨ·Ϊ֮ȴǸǵɽ˷츲صı仯
ı仯ҲΪʱʵ̫Զһ£һ죬һȺͻȻ˺һˣʵǵ㣬Ҫӵǿôǻ㣬ʲôı仯
ɽ統ʱɵǿԶԶԪɵϣǵʶ޷ɵһʱǻˣǿʼҪɱɣҪ·
ǣɽ緢һսսĺ˫˾޴Ĵ֮Ԫ֮ɽһΪֳ磬ռ磬ԪǶ˾磬ӣҴĳЩЭ顣
֮ΪǿȻԪҲ޷ȫƿأķҲ޷ƣɽõʱĺƽ˫ԷôưոݣǸԶڰּƻɣΪϵĲ࣬ͽ·ʼ飬У̤·ΪˣΪǲϧǰ磬ԻΪǸʿ˺ɽ綼ȷڣ
ķʽܿЧԽԽʿʼ̤·Ϊˣ׳ɵĶ飬Ԫ˵ȴǸϢǱ뷽跨ĸֹɣ·ֹͨǰȵȴʩ
ɽ籬˵ڶսӦռƣһԪɷֲУ̾ͻ˻ؾ磬ɸ޷룬ɲҰܣ
ģ𣬳Ϊɵ䣬ǴɣԿԪɣͨϵ֣һ취Զĸı־棬ǳ׻֮Ԫ޴ɲأ
ҶʼվţȴǼǧˣǴҲ벻ɽ羹ȻҲ˻ңе磡
취Ҫٵһλ𣬺ܻ֮֮ôõģʱֵֻܹλδս֮սλڵǵλת
ȻλתôλȻҲתԣλͳΪ˹עص㣬ԪɻɣеҪҵλ𡣡
ֻǣ˭Ҳ֪λ𾿾ûתһ˿ҲˣҵʦҲ֮һĵΪܻĵ꣬ΪһּΪĴڣҲžǵλĿܣҽڻ磬Լɳ̤·


2287 λ
һУͬ·ҲֻΪѰҵλ𣬿ϧֱڣԾû˿ټ
ʦΪпǵλ𣬽ҲǣڵһʮŲʱҲΪпǵλ𣬵صķʽȡɣϸ˵Ҳǡ
ǧ˵ʱҶһ
Լصķʽȡ

ԼƾʵһԵĴһأ
Ҷ̲סʵѵһԵĴһأпǵλת𣿡
ǵģ
ǧΪҶԼûһԵĴЦŵ·й򣬶Ԫ趨ģ޷ģֻغά·ϣӹŵֻһԵĴ˵һأڶţֻܹһһԵĴһصˣǵλת
Ȼûȷʵʵ߳˾ʮŲ·ʷϣܹһģ֮⣬ֻˣǵڰˣݳɾͣǵɽ磬Ҳ԰Ⱥˣ
أһ߳˶ٲҶǧޣˣ֮һĵӣΪǵλˡ
ҵе⣬ҵһֻ߳ʮ岽ڶιĹأʦ˵ҵʱһ£ܹߵʮŲϧѡڶ
˵Щʱǧ޵鼫ΪƽʾȫںΪʲôڼˣһж
֮Ԫɵǻҵλĳֹټκε磬Ҳ޷֪֮ڷκ顣
Ҷ˵ͷ뵽ˣ˲ٳڵ磬ȻԭģˣԭԪΪ
ǧ޽ŵֹˣԪΪɣ˺ܶ飬ǵǵľǣȻΪٵԪɣ͵͵˸磬תΪͨʿһΪѰҵλ𣬶Ҫͨ·뵽ɵ磬Ӷڲ߽ǡ
Ȼ֪޷ֹҲ޷֪жԪڵתޣΨһİ취·ϣͨ۲촳صʿӶжϣû´ĻŵʹͱԪټõҷ˸£ʦҳΪ˶ŵʹ
ţܹ·
ǵģ·ңпܣԪѾ׼·Ŀڸת޵Ԫɣͳͳɽ磬Ӷչδսɡ
ѾתԪɣ
ûУ·ϳֵľ֮ʵ̫࣬Ѿ·ܺͣǲ²д󲿷־֮ţ¾ǵ걻Ԫת
Ҷ³˿мΪĻңΪǧ޿ЩϢʵ̫𾪣һʱ֮޷
Ҷ̧ͷĿǧ޵ԵðŷǰңΪ˸Щ𣿲˵ˣҲǵλֻһͨʿ˵Щʲôأ
ǧ΢΢һЦҸЩΪ˽һʲôɽ磬ԼڵʵҪĿģҪ֪һиҪɱ㣬ѾԪ򣬵ȻҲпԪתΪɱ㣬ϧһʮ꣬ʧ֮Ԫɸ·Ĺ׼·ϵʿ붫·ս֮أ
Ҷиֳһ˿⣬Ȼ֪ǧ޿˵ģҪɱԼ˭˿ϢԶǡ
ֻû뵽ԷȻԪһΪ˶ԸԼϧ·ϵʿ
ҶҲ˵һҽս֮أͻ·ϵʿˣ
ǧ޵ͷʵӦӦЩʿҲ̫⣬Ȼܹ˳ǵĿдһЩйԪɵ飬Ǹһˡ
ԭϣܰǣ
ǵģΪ޷·ҪɱλԪ򣬻߸Ԫɵ˶޷룬ֻϣһ¡ǧ̹ȻļҽЩԭΪԵǵһ뵽µĵͼеˣ
ǧ޴˿̵飬ԼĿ⣬ҶޱȵϤΪԼĳԼʦֵжξ֮УԼҶĿҲˣǴǹĺͰ
ȻҶһ̬ĶǧһҾףҶлǰ񰮣
ֱʱҶУϿǧ޵ݣҲǧϲЦտ˵ͷ֮㣡


2288 ս֮
ǧ޵ĸɴ࣬Ҷһ䡰ȵȡ֮Ѿʧ٣׵뿪ء
ҶЦҡҡͷǧ˵ˣڶûüʳԼ֪ļĴ𰸣ǾԼʦԼֵʦǵ䡣
ӣͬǧ˵Եˣ˶೤ʱ䣬Խ˵ĻһԵ˵֮󣬾æ뿪ˡ
ǧˣҶҲȷʵ֪˲ٹȥ붼飬ǻһƬɴϯضԼδ߳ϼ֮ŵĹ򣬺úһ˼
ʵǧ˵ô࣬ʵϹܼ򵥣һеĸԴԪɺ֮˫ӪʤĹؼΪֹû˿Ϣĵλ
ԪȻ׼·ĿͬټȻչδս
ûҵλô޷ƻܹ֮ʤȻҪʱʱ̿Ԫǵķ
οԪѾô׼ϣܹһݵĳɣ¶ԼһС
ôսĹؼҲͼ˵λϣ
λ𣡡ҶЦҡҡͷӦòҰɣȻҵȷһԵĴһأƾΪǵλתδҲ̫˰ɣοǵλתĻʱܹһЩΪ֮ʱļ䡣
ǾͿԿ϶Ҳǵλˣ
˵ʵҶʮּɻԼĳĳ˵תҪκ˵תֻԼҶ
ȻҶڽҰοǧ޵Щȴʼлص·ϣĿǰΪֹֻһԵĴ˵һأ
ԼʱϷĻԻΪˣ
ҲҿԼϷˣȻĻԼһԵģʵʵʵɹ˵һأ»Ὣɽĵδսǰ
᲻һеĴ·ԼԪɱȻҲ뾡һа취ֹǣɱԼ
뵽ЩҶԼʵǳӢȻɽսǰ·ϱͬԼڵʿֻгΪڻҵķݣ
ԪɣɣһΪɣͬеĻ䣬һǾĲŬųΪɣͬӻµҰݣ֮£ĥѵȻǿһʱ̺飬ΣգΪɵԪᵽģ
ԪɣΪԼ߸ϣ͵ĳԽ鵱һɵĻᣬǷǱԼǿ֮ȴæҪԭˣɻ뷨ôɺͷȥʵ֮⣬ʲô𣿡
ҶԼ˼ƨվĵɣȻûȤֻҵǸΣΪʵڴ֮ǰȴս֮ذɣ
·ϵʿ˼֪жǿ󣡡
Ҷٴеʱڴϼ֮ţոճȥûԼںδӭ澹ȻһϮ
֮УޱߵսɱҶΪϤԹѪԼ
ֻսҲãɱҲգԹѪǰҶӴģҪǿ򱶲ֹ
Ϣύ֯һҶоԼëһļӿ֣
֪ս֮еϢΪ·ڶ٣治֪˶ʿ˶飬Ƕղߵǳ֮·ֻһ֮ңȻȴڴˣ֪ǵжôĲʣжôķŭ
ǣѪеǿȻǵԹŭԼʱɢҲǿµ֮ͬһһ㣬ٴνÿһλµʿ
Ҷ֪ˣս֮֮ԿֲǽҪõʿǻҪЩʿ
ּȫϢ̼֮£Իἤʿǿս⣬пʧԼΪֻ֪սֻ֪ɱ¾Ĺ
֮ܶսҲսսҲս
䣡
ҶȻ޷ֿϮɼıУһɿֲ˺ƵòȫԿΪǿԲûܵ˺ֻϵĳһһλá
ֳ֮£Ҷȴǳûܵδһ飬ȻһƬ嫵ǿգǳͬŰУÿһ֮Уһʿ
䣡
Ȼݺݵײһ𣬱˾˵ײ֮ͬʱһҽдһ֮дҶĿһеʿӲıײ֮͸˺Ƭ


2289 һν
Ҷײ֮Կʮʿһ̣Ϻ͸¶־
Ѿʼ𣡡
ȻĻˣϯʿȿʼԿֶܹԿ֮лʿпܽһֵս
ڱ˵ĿǰҪľ뷽跨ĻסԼϾȥ飬ȻҶȴź˸
ΪѾ֪·֪࣬õÿһصʵĿģƺΪ˸ʿһɵĻᣬʵϣﲻǵԪǵ֮أǹⲼóӵĻеʿΪ˳Ϊ˶ϧɱ
·ͬ޳ʿеޡ

һҽβ绥ײһʿ޷֮еǹ˺ֱӾͱ˺Ƭ
ײ˽ʱҶڵλϿȥʿҶȻ뾡취Ҫ֮гȴʼ޷ʵ֡
ͬʱҶҲע⵽ˣԼһ֮мȫ£ҲڳͻΧʿҲ١
ЩʿҶڸղŵȴʱûмжϳȻӦþ·ϵʿ
Ȼ˽϶·ҲǿĴˣȻС
Ҷڴǵͬʱ֮ҲмڴҶһλʿ֮УȻԵãƺ˿Ӱ죬΢ЦĿҶͬʱԼĲһ
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Ҷаɫȴ˿䣬ʱķƶȻ仯ҲǼӿڲǻײǸ˷ϯȥ
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ΣҶ޷ƽ͵Ĵ֮УԼδ֪֮ԴһͷתȻȴǶȻһΣգæͷһ֮£жʱ⡣
ֻȻһಽĽ棬֮еʿǸղŵǸʿ
˿̣ԾЦĿҶͬһλΥĺҪ׷ҶҶһ
ҶȻɫԾδ䣬ȴǴΪΪԷ֮£ȻܲٿƶʿͬԼڶ޷ģ
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һȻӿ֤ʵԷȻ·Ϊ˶ԸԼŻһ·Լ
ȻʿһָҶǰƬǿվȻʱݣ¶һǧɴСľ޴ѷ죬ҶٲıķۿžҪѷ֮С
ǵأ֪ѷ֮ʲôһڣҶɲУһҧ˫ֶȻſɵƣȻһһߵץסࡣ
ͷ
Ҷһ˫ǿ̬ȻӲ˺磬ǿŤתǰķתİʿ˹ȥ
һĻðʿһĨɫϵЦȴǸŨĵ˵ͷƺڶҶΪ
žһʿ˫ֶȻ£һ졣
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ҶʱоһɿֲǰֱײԼ֮ϣӲĽķٴθı䣬ƿ˰ʿڵ硣
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ͬʱһҶĶС
ҶȻתǰʿڵԶȥԷȴ˫ָЦݣԼͷ
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ڣҶһͷתͷ֮Уݺݵ˦һʵ֮ϣҲ֮ʧ
ȻҶȴǲ˿иײڵͬʱ̸֣ͬһȦ⻷һȫ֡
ֱʱҶлܣȻѾĳǳ֮ϣҳԼ֮⣬ûκˡ
ڣҶҲս֮صΣ罫ʿӵĳǳ֮ϣҪ뿪Ҫ봳սأôҪڷֹɱͬʱŬȥͱսӶս֮
ӳķʽҲͶžʿֵĿԣǰ˵ˣ֮£ҵԼѣ֪˴Զ
ȻҲѰѣҵ֮ǰֻйһˣ


2290 ʱ
֮У޴ڵѪζֱŻǶҶ˵ȴǾΥ˵ϤѪ֮ȫѪγɵޱѪɢζҪŨĶࡣ
ҶȷԼ֮û֮󣬾˷ĵһǳ൱һôҸطȵ˴Ĳʱٳ֣ǿԴӻĻ᣿
Ի뵽һ㣬ǼˣȴԾô˲ս֮أ϶Ĺ򡣡
Ҷ֮ʱͻȻµĴشһҵ𵴣ͬһ㣬Ҷ˳ȥĲԶ
ʱٻܣԿЩɽȻ֮пʼʱˡ
ӣʱƵģǳһʱڳױͶžҪΪҲ˵Ҫôǳ֮ǰս֮أҪô׼ӭһս
ҶƲȫȷս֮صһ֮Ҳ·ʼռֵ׼ǾǾԲκͶȡɵķʽء
ȻеǳͬأճױΪޣҪʱȴҲ൱㹻ս֮ˡ
ϾԪǣֻҪʿǵɱҪʿȫɱڴˣĻ·ҲʧȥȤ
еϵ֮ҶڿնȻţȴԴȻӵʦĹս֮ĸ򣬵ҲҪжԽս֮Խ뿪ء
ͬʱлһ뷨ҲǸղ֮Ŀõһ뷨Ǿܵö·ʿŽôܹƽ뿪أΪЩߵʿǣȫԪǵ
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ʱҶɱ뵽Լĺֵ˳Ϊ˳Ĵ֮У˵֮һ֮ǿƿһأӶڵ֮еʿȫȻͨ
⣬ʿҲǼΪͷ۵һ⣬Ҷ֪Լ뷨ʵʩĿļСôľҪȫԼ
裡
뵽Ǹ·İʿҶзһ˿ɱԼƱػύֵģֻлʤп뿪ս֮ء
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ͻȻһɺХ֮ҶǿҶתͷʱ䶼ûУڿУҲֱһ˦ȣ֮ɨԼ
䣡
ҶԸоԼײһΪʵ֮ϣԼȫɨ֮£壬Ѿը˿
̳գҶҲڿ壬ղųԼģһСʯͷ
ٺ٣ãһˣҶɣ
ͬʱھҶ֮⣬һ¡¡ľ֮Ҷֱŵ۾
һƤĴ󺺣ЦУȻ˫һֱٳǧǳҶ˹
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ôһǳǿ֮кХٶȿ֮һ㣬֪󺺵жôˡ
ҶɫȻһ䣬ڵȴսؿʱûм󺺣ôӦþ·
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£Ҷվԭһ˫ָͷ׷Ѫɫ޷裬˫Ŀ֮У͸âֱֱĶǾԼԽԽľ޴ǳ
ѵɵ˲ɣȻҪӲӣҰ˵֮󣬼趼̾磬ܹ£
Ͳ֪˰ɣ˵·ʿǽ˵棬һǵ㿪ĻᶪӣֻӲˡ
ǿֵĻᶼûˣû˼֪·ʿôҾͲˣ
һĻһͬ޼ɵǿոȻ˵ˣ·ʿ


2291 Գ
ʱǿֱǧǳѾҶǰ֮£Ҷֱֻ϶Ȳϣƺ˲ܱɷ顣
飡
ȻҶͻȻſͣӿ³һ֡
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䣡
ѷֵһϢǳȻ׵ľը˿ʯ˷ȥ̳˲˷ԲʮҵķΧ
е̳ʯȴǸҶҶǰһޱ߼ʵϣȫס
ǳըֱǿƺΪ֮˲ĺ֮ʿòرԼʶ
ҶȻһ֣һǳ
һ̣ղЩ޼ɵȫʧ
Ƭǿգƺըǳ֮⣬ֻʣɸֶ׷ѪӭҶ
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ڣһǿյһ𣬶ĸ֣󲿷ʿ϶Ǳɫ
ɽ֮УעһеǶ¶֮ɫ
棡
ԼԼԼ
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˵ҶȻֻǼ򵥵˵һ顱֣ڵͬʱȴڻ֮֮֮ȶֵĵҪһ˾޴ǳҪĵҲǼΪǿ
Щһõʿ˵ǲ顣
ˣҶһһǳ֮ҪһѶȵʿǣŻе˵𾪡
ǸͬʱҶȴ֮ʧһԽֱ̳ӳƤ󺺵ǰ
ƤͬˣȻΪԼιܹɱҶΪҲҶæһ¡
û뵽Ҷ׵ľǿǳ˲Լǰ
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˷λ˶ҶһȭϹǧҪСҶֵ
󺺻عҶȻԼȭϵһɨգȡ֮˷ܡ
Ĵ磬ͬǶĳƺҰˣĳͬɽһóҲǴΪĹ趼̾磬ȻҲͳΪΪʱ
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Ȼܹ·󺺵ʵȻ˵ڲ˲֮󣬾ȭͷȻſ䡱һ죬֮Уһֱ֮ը˿ȭͷٳҶȥǳ˷ѹǿջȥ
Χڼǿգʱ󺺸Ӳ˿Ҳתӣٶ֮죬ͬ˸еգ
Ϸ绯ת䣬Ȼٴùעⳡս𾪲ѣǴ󺺵ͬǣȻǸղҶԳ棬ǵǿҶҪʹȥӲӲʱ򣬸ոʧӱֻˡ
ΪҶȻڣȴǳǵϣųҰ˵Ĵ󺺣ȻӲҶĹˣ
Ҷһ⣬ò˵ǷӦʵȻɲ֮жϳ˲Ƕ֣Ӷƿߡ
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ҶһЦҶĳͳȥû˾ܾ°ɣ
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ϤҶˣͻ֪Ҷóսսʽĵһʽ죬Լս
ֻҶսۺϵһ𣬲ּ˼ִ֮ԲŻγ׳۵һ־
ס֣
һȶȻͬʱһڹңԶǿվͷ۶ҪۿҪ𺣺ǳɵĴ󺺡
ҶһЦԥľȭһȵս⣬ӿ纣ӭǳڹ⡣


2292 û֤
飡
Ҷȭݺݵǵڹ֮ϡ
໣
ڹ֮кȻһ˻֮ڱҶȭͷеͬʱԱʱٶȣ˳ȥ
ֱʱҶſˣǵڹʲô壬һֻȭͷСɫԳ
ͷԳ󣬵ǱҶһȭʵҽ֮⣬СС֮ȴûа˺ֻۣǻëȫͬһ˵һľ֮󣬶Ҷ죬Ѫ˫֮͸һޱȵķŭ
·ֻо߱һʵʸʿܽ룬Ҷǲ֪Բڲŵ˺飬󲻵òԱһĴۣǰȫͳ
ȻڣͷԶ޷˵ԳȴƽµĽ·˵ʵԲ򵥣ԵУҲκһλʿҪ

ȻһĲҽҶǰĵһȭۺսͻսһȭѾ׷ǸڷӴܵҰˣеǿȼյǳǺݺݵײҰ˵ϡ
ͬǰҰǳҶһݺݵ˹ȥȻδ֮Ѿܻ棬ŬҲ޷
䣡
ҰıҰˣǿ֮кֱײǿӲײը˼ǳٶȴԽԽҲԽԽСдĲҽҲԽԽ

Ұ˵ըĻǣڵǿգ˷ƮɢȥֱȫϨ
·ʿһˣ
Ұ˳ֹҶҰ˻Ϊҽ̼һ𶼲ʮϢʱ䣬Ұ˵֮ͬҪȣҲǱ޳ĪΨһϵԳǱҶյҰ˵
һ£ע⵽ⳡսʿҶĿ֮У˱仯
е¶η壬е͸˼еģɱŨ
Գ棬սأǿ󣬷ӦݣɱϣҶ̶ʮϢֳ֮һУڶʿ񻰵ԭ
ҰˣҶȻƽȴӿһɱ꣬һҪɱķɱ֮ʿĳ嶯
ڣѾ۾ڵ֮͸ޱߵɱƺʱҪȡ
Ҷ֪ܵս֮ڵĸϢӰ죬䵱Լɱһ֮ӰҲͱøӵǿ
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Ҷǿѹĵĳ嶯þ±۾վԭأĿ˾ԼͷԳ
ԳҶĿԣ̷һߴߴֽУһɳֱһžҶǧ֮Զǳͣ
Գ󣬳һòɭˣٻԳ̾Ծ˵ļϣƺҵ˿ɽһ㣬ֿʼҶ죬ȭͷҫ
Ҷɨһ˺󣬾ƿĿ⣬ѰƬǿգҪ֪·ܹ˶ˡ
Ҷѣ
ȻһԶԶҶѭȥһͨˣϡǵõǺԼͬʱȴսؿʿ֮һҲǶ·ʿ
Ҷѣղ˵Ļʲô˼ʲô·ΪʲôҪɱǣ
·ܹڶԭ棬Ȼ˸˹򣬽·ʿƵĿľǻɱǣղűɱľ֮һԭҲ֪
ҶҪ֪·ʿĴڣԼ򵥵Ľ˵˳ԭȻ֪ȴԲʱ˵
ڣţǸҪɱԼˣһЩԪɣ¶עԼ˵ǧǵ뷨ôɽɣ·ϵʿ鷳
ǿ֮УΪҶⷬһţȻڶ·ʿ˵ϢǸе˼𾪡
֮һʲô֤ô֪˵ǲǼٻ
ֻˣȻ˵˲֪ʲôط
Ҷˣɨܵ裡㲻˵ΪҶôҳˣ
˵ʵҶ軹еɻ䣬ҪԷƳϧҰˣֱڣԷȴϳһ
һĬһ𣺡Ҷѣ˵£ίʵ࡭
ѾˣҲҪţҲûκ֤ݣ˭ɱңɣ
ҶĴ˶ԷĻһ̾ʹǿ֮ʧͬʱһҽжȻ
·ڶ٣Ӵ˿̣ʽʼˣ


2293 ɽ
һʱȥ
ҶѾ˾ҽУҲζоʿѾȻ⻹Ͼеʿҽжͱɱ
ҶţȥӦöǶ·ʿ
֮ǰҶ˵й·ʿĴڣôʿǰŰɣǲô˵ÿ˵жǼǿ˾衣
ܿ죬вʿٴνʱˣǿ֮дУѰźʵĹĿꡣ
ҶԼȴһδɱǲϵƬǿ֮дڹ۲ĻԼѰ·ʿ
ȻҲ˲ʿֻҪģͲ֣ΪĿ·ʿҶˣҶļɵȻҶ֣ôȻҲȥѡԶԶܿ
ģҶ֣ƬǿգҲս֮֮УûκνɣеﶼʩչеķеĵҲٿأȻΪýʿܹͷųǿʵбƴ
⣬ǿյıҲڼһʱ֮ڣǳͱ˽һ룬ԶԶȥЩǳͬҧһڵļ
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ȻʿٳˣǳҲǼΪ࣬ټǿյݷ޾㹻ĵط˶ء
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һĻȻֹҶһˣǿ֮˶ĿɿڴԭΪս֮֮УΣղڽʿȻû뵽رȻҲᷢ˿ֲĹ
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һһĲҽ𣬱˵ЩñеʿˣǾ̫ʿҲΪ޷ͷųѹ
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촫һѾһǳһֱУʱը˿ɢǿ֮УΪС
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ҶͬҲӣû취ղ߾ͻȻһ磬ǿҵĵ֮ͷųëͷƮ㱻֮С
Ҫ֪Ҷͬʱٺ͵ٵˣڵǰ˽֮򣬵ǿĳ̶ȣҶڳôʿУûмܹᲢۣܲˣǾ˵磬Ϊܿġ
£ɽ磡
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ͬʱҶȻһղűԼԵǾǰûпʼǳ˿ֲֿ纣Ϯ֮£ȻԾǰȻ
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һ֮£Ҷɫ䣬ֻǳԼٶȣǿ֮йţǳƤ򣬱һţ


2294 ˺Գ
ޱߵǿ֮Уһľ޴磬ݺɣ۳纣纣֮УһſǳͬƤһڲϵĹţ֮Ӱ졣
ȻֻҶһ˷ĳЩǳԲĹԽԽʿ뵽ЩõǳУѰ
ֻҪһʿ룬ǳͻῪʼڹķȻƻ⣬ʵϣÿһŹǳǳһŹǳȥ
ʲôÿʿÿʿԲٿǳս𣿡
һ֮Ҷ̲סٴüֶսķʽίʵее㲻⡣
ȻʱҶһڹǳ֮ϣͻȻһʿʿ֮ǳȻֹͣ˹ҡʼ
ûȫһƾճֵ磬ͻȻݺݵǳ֮ϣǳʱը߽⣬ȻеʿҲǲ֣֮׵Ļҷ
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Ҷ۾Ȼһͬһ绮
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صʿڻʣˣЩǳȴֻʮţôһʿͱҪᵽһǳͬʱн߾ܵķֹʿĽ룬ûڵһʱǳʿҪ뷽跨ɱѾǳʿ¹ظԵȻȫԸƱ֮ս
һʼ磬ڵЩ磬ʵһֿ飬ʵһˣҲǸ߱սʸһʿֻ̭оסʿʸڶֿ飬Ҳǳô»еֵĿ飡
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ҶȻ֮£ǶײȴǸͬܣаȣ·ЩʿȻһо˵ʵ

Ҷ˫һӣ֮Щ˸ֵĵƣͻȻȫ任֮ƣʱһлףεֿٲĳ
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Ȼʱǳ·ȻԳĹֽ֮֮У͸ǿҵ˷ܺ͵⡣
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Ҷɫ䣬ͷԳȻ˷ʱ˺һǣҳûǳ
䣡
ԳɹĽ뵽ǳ֮УڸٹǳȻ;ֹҶ岻ɵ΢΢һͣԳȴ˿Ӱ죬ٴιֽŻһҶ
žžž
Գٶ죬Ȼľͳ嵽ҶԣҲκսֻԼ壬ϵأһһεĺݺݵײҶ塣
Ҷôǿײ֮£Եʹ֮У֪ԳٶȺжô̬
ݣ
ǣȻǳ֮ˣȻһָӲľ޴ٲȻ˲תִͬһ㣬ǳ·ȥȻҪӸղԳ˺ѵ֮뵽ǳڲ
һԳһ֮ϣʵ޷죬ԳȻܹ˺ԼµĴҲǳҶϣʱԴơ
ǳֹͣԼʱֵܳ磬Ҷ˶ǼӿԼٶȣҪǳ׻֮ǰɱԷ


2295 
ҶüѿѪͬʱһޱֱһȭڷеԳһǳǳ·ȥѰԳڡ
ҶԼȴ˫ǳ֮⸲ǵ֮ƣٴη仯
ʧȡ֮һɱ¾֮
بǿ֮У޾ɱˣ
Գǳ֮ǰҶǲٻģΪҲᱻ϶ΪʿӶԼڵǳ٣ڣѾԳˣôٶҲνˣźԥ֡
һʱҶѹȴҲҶǿ֮УѾһŵ⸡֣֮һ磬²ûĻ磬ӦþҪǳġ
ҲҶһǾǳ֮ϵԽ࣬ʱҲԽ̣
Ҷ˵¶һ˿ЦȻֳĵâɣͬһһ㣬ץǱɱ¾֮
ܹս֮صģǵõʿѾӵıԴ䱾Դ֮ʲôǲܿģֻеԷ֮󣬲пжϡ
ҶȻҲûȤȥ˽ԷıԴ֮Ҫľھ̵ܶʱڣԷԳͳͳɱ
ѶȴҲǼͨں佻ֵķҶ֪ͷԳȻѵһ֮壬Ҳ֮ǿܹ֮Ӱ졣
ղԼ´ٲƵԼȫ֮ڰеȺԳƾ֮壬ֱ˺֮ƵӶ˽
Ҳ˵ڳ֮ǰƺѾƺһУԼÿһ֮С
ҲԼųƣƵòչԴԼһʤ
ʱɭ¶һ˿ЦڵҶɣ
仰Ѿˣ
ҶЦ
꣡
˵ֻ֣Ȼץסɱ¾֮һգӲĽɱ¾֮ϳأƱûܵǿ֮С
ţֲͣȻǰͬһ֮һ㣬Ҷڵǳץ˹ȥ
ǲ
һǿ֮УǵȻѾͣҶüͷĵҪ¶ʵˣȻĻҪˣ
£ҶȻҲֳԼĵͬߴɣâ˸ͬʱһȻ̤ǳվǿ֮У˵ĵңңԡ
ߴߴ
ͬʱѪɢʱ֮бʹڵ˼Լٶ۳һƬýͷԳҼԳһıƽ˹ȥ
ԳȻ֮壬ηκйƬȴɣκУԳȫûеǿдֻı֮£ϵĺˡ
⣬ҲԱ۵ޱĿһͬһе
꣡
ֵܹסҶĽ̼׷׶ϳأ»Ϊ˵ƣɢ˿֮С
䣡
ҶĵҲͬʱ˵ĵײһ
Ȼߵһײ֣ͬˣҶĵȴǲ˷ٴξȭ
ıԴ֮Ȼ֮
ܵҶǿֲ˵¶֮ɫҪ֪Դ֮ʿ˵ʵ̫ΪҪÿʿᾡܵѡǿĵΪԴ֮
֮Ȼ쳣ʵɽԺҰ׷ʿ˵ٻ˽ΪԴ֮
ȻҶּȫ͵ʿʵ˺ţȻѡ֮ΪԴ֮
ԴˣҶֻһЦٲóʵ죬֮ˣ
ҪΪֻз
һüѿȻҲ߷ͬ˽ҶΧ
ΪõʿȻ󲿷ֶӵзֻʵĶֵʱ򣬷ûʲôá
Ա𣬷Է岻Ҳ𲻵ʤĹؼԴ£Ҷȥ÷
ҶԳסһҪռסǳϾٻռ˲ٵơ
ȻҶʱȴǹһЦҾͲˣ
䣡
Ҷĵը㣬ӿҶڣʱ֮һѪɫ档
ҶȻתһȭ˵һ߷
¡
У߷Ѫ䣬û˿ֱֿ֮ը˿


2296 ʾ
һȭ
һȭ˺ӵͬʵһ߷
ͻȻı仯ĿɿڴͬȫȻһʱ֮䶼˹עҶȻ޷ʵ
仰˵ղһȭǻĻôѾˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦ˵Ϊûзһ˿ͷԳ֮У
仰˵ɫʱٱ䣬һʶˣԼƺʼСҶԭͷβԼƿؾ棬ʵȴҶڲ֪֮УԼõȦ֮С
ʵҲˣ
һԳ͵ϮҶ˾֮ģԳڲ޵£Ȼܹһ·Ȿ͸Ρ
˴ԳڶγֵʱҶĴ֮۾Ѿˣԭһ˿Գۺϵһ
Գ֮˵꣬ͬ˵֮УҲԳꡣ
ĺ൱˶ֻҪԳôȻܹ
ҪɱΨһ취ǽԳͳͳɱ
ԳʵҲ㼫ǿ֮壬ӵ˼ΪǿкصĹ̫ЧɱѶȼ
ңҲܸȫɱԳĻᣬκǸһԶľ档
ҲֻԴˣҶ˵ʵ֮󣬾ȫа취߶ɱҲһۣǼȻԷܹһ˿Գ֮УôûпϻһֻԳ
Ļɱ˺ֻԳһֻԳĻߣɲ
ˣҶŻֱסǳͲסԳǲϧ뿪ǳֱӶԾΪģǱƳԷеơ
ֻȷûжġҶŸҴɱ䡣
ڣ˹ȻܼԼȫʵչֳҲзȻҶΪģΪɣٲꡣ
ʵֽɢı֮˵ÿʿᣬȴ˶õģΪǷֳһ˿ʿ˵һ˺
ˣǽֳһ˿ǲ֪ʲôķټԳʣȻԳ֮ȡһ˿ֲԼȱݣӶԼ
ԳȻʮϡ٣ܹõһֻѾܿɹʵûпٶõֻ
ҶԼ꣬ʵҪΪȱٵĲһ˿꣬еһ꣡
Ϊ⣬ضγɵ߷ӵһ˿ǵ£ӵ˶뷨ʶֲҶȱĲ㡣
֮ҶѾȷˣԳ֮ⲻֶ֮Ҳڲԥӿ˹ٶȡ
ΪٲĻǵѾ磬ΣȵôԼܹߣ߷϶ǳ׻ˡ
䣡
ס֮ʣҶٴǿƳ֣һȭٴκ˶Էһ߷
㣬֮ǰһֱڹʾ
ֱʱڻع¶˾֮ɫŭĴͬʱæһ߷ջڡ
Ҷ΢΢һЦǰǿƻɱһλͬ飬Ȼң˵δǸͬңͬҲô룬ôҾʾͬңͻʡҲٵʱ䣡
ҶǰɴĻɱҰˣΪ·ʿ֪Լǣû뵽˾ȻȻ˵ˣҶɱǸˣʵģҶûЧ
ˣҶɴûʾܷ·ʿҲĿǰӦˡ
㣡
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ͬʱѪҶҲȻһգ۶ɵȻűԳȥ
ۣ
Գ֮壬ⳬ֮Ĺ֮£һ̲ࡣ
ˣΪҶϵĵڶ·ʿ
ҶˣûüɫͶȻ䣬Ϊոմӵ֮ǵ޴磬ȻѾΣ˿Ю֮ݺݵԼ·ǿȻ뾲ֹ״̬ǳ
ҶıȫܿĹ߷ҲʣȴȻǳ֮ϣıеĻԻǳıɢ
ʱʧȥҶͬҲ᳹׵
Ҫջ߷ҲǲܵˣôΨһİ취ǡ
Ҷո˵ٴξ𣬶ȻȥһΣ֮У̺ʮ·İٶֵƣ


2297 ǳײ
Ҷһƺɨǿ𺳣
磬ȻһΣȻһȻݺݵǳ֮ϣȴΪһûнǳֱӺ顣
Ҷͳʱ䣬æջڣ
һʣİ磬Ȼͬٲһ㣬ǿ֮ը˷
ΣҶһͬʱвҲһ¡
ԼղſðķգһδܽжϣôڿԼѾ
Ľ֤ˣֻҪ磬һܹ
ȻҲҶʶˣʵȻս֮أ̺ΣʵΣ֮ȴԾһ
ֻҪץסһҪ˵ʵһҪĵӺķӦ
Ҷղŵ˵΢ԥɲǣҲһ٣Ҫǣʷ»ûһܹ⵨Ȼҹɽ磬ջɹˡ
ҶԼҺͺ֮⣬ȴҲһ˿ɣԼǿܹһжɽĳ̶𣬸οղŲִ֮£ԼûʱͻʩչԼȫʵ
ܸое㲻Ծ
ҶնһĻȴסĿõˣ
Ҷ˶սͬʱȻвҲǳȻһЩˣ԰ռǳӶʱۿҶб֡
Ȼǿ
Ҷ²ɱҰˣ·ǰʮʿʵһҶնɱʵϲûʲôãڣ˵ȴǶҶۣһΡ
ΪĹ裬˿̸ڰԼⷽʤʡ
Լʮˣ˱Ҷɱ˱ɱͬԼڣʣʮˣʮУҶģֻˣң⻹ҶѾչ¶ȫʵǰ֮£
Ѿûǳ֮еҶ¶һ˿ЦݣҶȻ˼ӣһûаɱ㣬һ·𺳵ɽǰˣ
ҶǳǳҲ
ҶߵɱȻǿ֮Уͬɱȴҡ
ʿѾ֪Щǳܣֻ֪жһǳ֮ϲһֵĿлôȻÿ˶Ϊ˻չ˷ܲɱ
֮£ǰڶʿɵʱˣѾһЦ˵ǲʶˣֵܣҲòײϡ
һ֮õǳ֮ϣֻһʿʿȻɢ
գս֮֮УֻʣʮĿǳҲ˵ʮʿ
ʱ䣬ոչȥһһҹѣԭȵһٶʿѾ˴롣
ӹǣǿ֮Щɾ޴۶ɵĵ纣Ҳ˲ȫʧƺһжָƽÿ˵ȴʮΣ١
ֻΪ˸ս֮𣿡
ҶɱԽԽأȻһɱ¾Ѿ㹻࣬ǰΪ˻òɱɱ¾ȴʼ޷ܵģοһвһȺΪɵԪǲݵһϷѡ
ҶҲɻΪʦĹս֮ĸҲ˶Ҫӽս֮صڣһУܹս֮
ʱ˿̣ҶѾʣʿòһ飬ܿʹֳʮ·ʿ
ͬʿҲڱ˴ڣ·ʿǣѾҶǰ˵ĻΪͬҲֳʮİʿ
ǵ־֪ˣΣ
˸ǲܵ£ڣʮģǸΪսϧһдۣסԼ
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ʮĿǳͬʮĸƤں嫵ǿ֮вϵĹţʱֿҲѾ
䣡
һ֮£ǳ޿ɱײһݣƬǿնΪ֮ҵ𵴣ʯɽ̳
ǳ֮еλʿʱɫ԰ףɲͬʱҲڹ۲ܣ֪ȴǵֽʲôΣ
ǣ
һͬҧϵײһǳûгı˴ըǾȻڡںϣ
ǳǱɵ裬һǰһɾΰƶںϳһǳ
ɱ㣡
һǳϵʿͻȻӦһһָƴָХ۳һ޽Ѹײڶ֮ƴһǳϵʿ
ҲˣȻǳںϳһǳ֮󣬰ԭȵĹȻÿǳֻ֮һˣôֱռǳʿ֮Уͱһˣ
䣡
ǳײһһ£ʿû˿ԥͬʱ˶Է
ʮĿǳײ֮󣬽ֻһ룬ֻʣ¶ʮˣ


2298 ѵԪ
˲Ϣ֮䣬ѾгһǳײһҶǳȴԾɻûкǳײҲʱ䷢һֵľ
˵ײȻģôͺпֶܳ·ʿͶ·ʿײ·ʿ·ʿײΡ
Ȼڵȴǣֻж·ʿڵǳụײ·ʿڵǳȥֻײ򶫷·ʿ
ڲٿЩǳ˴˼ײ
Ҷ۾ȻһԶ׼вٿǳˣһ·ʿ
ţҶüͷ΢΢ս֮أһ͹Ԫƶģͨʿܹٿصģ
ܹĻǾֻһֿܣԪɣ˵ԪɵתҲѾ˸Եļ䣬ԲٿأǸĹ
Ҷ磬ٵǳ֮ɨ֮󣬺ܿͷ֣Ȼ·ʿλڣڵǳȻҲڹģǹķΧȴȻΧǳ
Ҳˣ֮еĳһڲٿЩǳ
ЩǳײٿصģǰһУ磬磬ǲҲǰųģ
ҶԼ֮ʱǸ費ᱻߣ֮УĸԼΣ
УԼδȫ£һն֮ðɻ
һĶĻôղŷһУͲԭȵս֮ӦеģѹҾ֣Ŀ飬ܹ˸ս֮ӣǽ붫·ĿģҲǽΪɱҶ
һ̣Ҷͨˣ
Ȼս֮أеĹ·ʿ̤ͬʱѾıˡ
ڵĹ֮£лս֮ôȴж·ʿģֻ·һ
֮ܶ·ʿĿģҪɱս֮صж·ʿ
·ʿȷǿǻûǿƾʮ˵Ļɱһٶ·ʿ
֮˾ΪԪɵļ䣬ȴûлԪɵʵֻĹ򣬽ȶ·ʿɱ
ҶĵǧǰһУ֪𣿡
£ҶѾʧˣһ̣ͳ˾Լڲںϵǳ֮ϣֱվͬΪ·ȴڽ֮սʿм䡣
ȻҶЩԲͬʿûʲôøУǰֱӾܾҪ˵룬ǼȻ֪·ʿǵĴĿģȻӲܣɶ·ʿɱ
飡
Ҷ̧˫֣ͬʱ˼ƴȫһ
ɻڣҶɫɲ֮е㷢ףȻõʿȫһǿȻееԳܡ
ΪͻȻ֣ڴ򶷵ʿȻͣ
ɣʿеһǰҶˣȴܾǸŷĬֵֹͦڣ˵ʵȷǿ
ŷĬڻع˸ŹâҶҶʲô
ֹɱҶһڽڣŵϵˣһУʵ·ʿĹǳеʿĻȥסǣ
֮ⷬҶҲ֮ʧٴγںϵǳ֮ϣֹʿɱ
һУ迴ֻ¶һ΢Цӣڷˣʱ֣ѾˣȲ˵Ų㣬ҵҪܾȼˣ

һҽдھеĶ·ʿڷֳʤһ˲һȴˣһϽ֧壬ڴڵĴŴǾʱӰȴͻȻ׵һƺԴ
ɱ֮󣬹軹ϹҶЦĻ˻֣ţʧ١
ȻҶٶȼ죬Ǹղʮ˿ǳڻںϣȥ·ʿڵʮĿǳ֮⣬жʮĿǳɱ
˫ƴȫ֮ս£ҪֹǣܣҶԸϹȥֹʮˡ
ҶϾֻһˣټϹҲʼɱת֮䣬ʮ˱ֻʣʮˣ
ԹƣҶһǻʲôѵڻ֪˭𣿲ȥɱǣ
Լȴǻһâ·ʿ


2299 ս
ҶֹɱʮʿҶ֮ⷬԾԭأƺȫû
ʵܹǣʵһ鷢Ķ̫죬ҵ߸Ƕ·֪һʱ֮޷Ӧ
ʱһŷŭŮȴͻȻ𣺡ҶѾǣѵǻ𣡡
ѭȥֻһɫӰһǳ֮Ծ·ʿڵǳ
һò毺õŮӣǰδ֮ǰʾҶѰ󱣻ȴܾǸŮӡ
ŮӶҶǳ˺⣬ǾڸղţҶͻȻ֣ȻĴһʿнµʱеĺʱɢ̷ҶĻ
˿̣ҲͷҶķԸʼ·ʿ
Ȼƽǿ֮д󣬲ûгǰױ磬ţŷĬҲ췢һХλ˵ĲҶѶҵо֮ίʵƭǣϷ
£ŷĬҲǳһ·ʿڵǳȥ
ȷҶղҪɱ֮еκһֵ飬ҶȴƴԼˣӲͬʱǱ˴˵ĹǷֿ
ͳ㣬ʵûκٻҶĻ
ǣʣµʮҲǳɱ·ʿ
ʱҶٴ𣺡ҶĳƲλλֹһˣʣµģҶĳ
ⷬ˵ʱҶںϵǳ֮ϣҲֱһƾһʿϡ
ۣ
һѪӶԷţʿ˱ɳȥϸѪ죬°ͣȫвҽвѡ
һƣҶԼеŭ֮أԽһǳȷɣʿܻʵǿˡ
Ҳһƣùһ˿أȻڵˣɱҶ
ҶʵһֱŸ߿ֱڣʶԼԾǵ͹ҶɱҶ鷳ɾʹˡ
˹Լ֮⣬Ǹոձȷɵʿ·ʣʮһʿȫԼǰĵˣҶ˹ȥ
ܣΣ
ŷһŭ⣬ſȻһŨ˲ǳҪߵʿӲ
ʿҲ뷢ʮԶһסˡ
ֻʣ˳ҶҶȴվԭأһδδǳˣǽĿĶס˹衣
ҶʮԼˣһҲû£Ҫ֮ΣҪɱ
ǣпܾԪɵתȻʵδȫָܹƿս֮صĹȴǼѶԸ
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Ҷһһĸ֮ͻȻһ֣һЦ
ɱ
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˶ʱҶȴǶ𣺡Ҷĳûӣ
Ҷȷûӣһ뿪ǳվǿ֮УΧһȦʿȻδֻ˵Ÿǳ֮С
Ҷλ·ĵѣʱŹǸԵĶ֣鷳ǽЩ߾ۼһ𱣻ãǣҶĳӦ
ǿ֮УΪҶⷬͻȻüžһƬ˵·ʿˣŷĬЩҲ¶𾪣ԼĶǲǳʲô⡣
Ҷ˼Ҫһ֮ԶԿ·ʮʿ
⣬ţӦ˵ǡԴ˰ɣ
ҶҪĻ;ܿڣһ˾㣡
̫ˣΪɱҰ˺Գʿ޵ˣǲ֮ģ
ɱ㣬ͬһֻһ򵥣
·ʿǣڻعһܵҶ
ȻҶȴǸΪޱȵƽŷĬˣļҶĳһΣ
ţҶѣԼģ
һӦģǸŮӣΪɴ̷ǰĵ˳뿪ʼۼЩߡ
ҶѣҲ㣡
ŷĬڶӦܿ죬ʮӵһս֮Ķ·ʿʹߣۼһǳϡ
ʮˣҲǳҶ֮⣬ս֮֮ʣж·ʿˡ
ѾٺõˣҶ¶΢Цǵ˵ͷһ̣˶ˣ
ǿ֮Уǿ֮ϣεͷųΪǿϢͬӿĻ棬˷ɨȥ
Ѫɫ죬ɫ޷裬峺Ŀ֮͸޾ĺ⣬סԹΪ׵ʮ·ʿ΢ţ³֣ʮˣˣ
ս⣡
ȻҶֻһˣʮˣȴ˾ս⣡


2300 νս֮
ս֮أԭΪýʿս֮
ֻΪ·ʿǵĽ룬ǰиĹӲĽһ֮սɱ˸ûʱ䣬Ҳûлȥսֻ֮ھܵΪԼıһ
ȻڣҶȴǲ׼ս֮Ļᣬԣžһ֮ʮ·ʿܼǿս⣬иļʸս֮
κ˵УΪ磬õʿֻһ֮ңǿߣһһһԶһпܣһʮοʮ˵лѾԪɼʿҪʤû˿Ŀԡ
ǣҶȻҲûаյ飬Լȥ˵ʮ˵ĿԵȷУֻСһѡ
ֻҪŶϣҲֵȥһ֮·һֱ˽еģǿԹѵڣһδͷĴͻƣųɾ˽
οֱΪֹʵ϶ûչֳԼȫʵ
ʮ·̣ڱʿ˵Ҳֻ΢һ˲䣬ǶҶ˵ʮ꣬ȴǼΪһι̣ռݵĿǰΪֹʮ֮һʱ䡣
ʵս֮˵ֿɵõĶʮʱ䣬ܹ֮˳Ϊ񻰣ǰѪսԽսԽǿ
˶Լ֮⣬ҲţԪתĲٿҲӦи޶ȡ
ҶоΪľǣͬһʼֵʱ㱻Уҷ𣬿ǵȵҪڵǳʱȴڲִ֮£һ֮ӲĽһϡ
ǸʱģԼˡ
һжڰвٿ֮ӿȷǶڹĲٿڼܶ޷ٿˣ⣬ҲĻᣬһ֮ʮ˵Ļᡣ
ʮ·ʿ˹֮⣬ѾԻ֮ƣҶΧǸղſжҶ䳰ȷ֮ܣڵǸܵҶڱǾս֮ȴٲ˿֮⡣
ȻⲢҶĿһ˻ɱǡ
ɱ
߶Ȼһȣȷ˹лһϽһɫ⣬Ѥ쳣ҶǸΪǣϽ֮䣬Ȼͬһɱ֮
ԶսŷĬ˶һ󼤵ƺҪϽ趯塣
һͷ󺺣ֳһ۵ĳ϶£ɳĵâҶȥǣâ֮оȻ̺Ÿָĵơ
ÿ˶ԼĹʽʮһͬʱ֣ȻûȫϾֻǵһֹǵĿֻ̽ҶҲƺƴرɫǿ𶯣ִ֮ϽļǳӲ촷ۡ
ŷĬ˸аȻԼҶλ֮ϣίʵûκΰ취ֵܹסʮһ˵ͬʱ
˵ˣҲ˫Ŀ⣬ΪǻҲһٻʮһλͬĹֻĶҶҪҶ
ҪʩչԳ𣿡
ɱ
ҶûʩչԳ棬ûߣվԭأȴͻȻ죬һ֮
ɱǿ֮лʱҶѾͬʱˡ
νս֮
ս֮жãη壬еֻһǰ
ԵʲôˣжôǿҲҪһսĺĽǻḶԼΪۡ
ս֮ĸҶĿ֮УôսԴ˸Դʱ˿̣ʮһ˵ĹͲˣӭǰȥһս
䣡
ȭףѪ䣬ս˫𵴣
һŲɫĹâ˲䱬סⷽԲ֮ڵҲҶǻսûܹ͸Ź⣬Ρ
âȫɢʱۿһĻˣ޷Լ۾ȫĿɿڴסˣߣǸŮӣȻ̲ססԼͣƺԼĳˣ˫֮УȻˮ
ʮһ˵ĹҶķʵһжֻһ˲俪ʼһ˲̣˵ĸоȴǹȥǧ֮á
һ̣ʱ·Ѿֹͣһȫһ棬ڳЩɴʿǣǱ۾ʱȻܹĿ
֮УǸԶԶǵˣ


2301 Ԫ
Ҷ߼βǱɫĽұ߼μһ۵ĳҧһ˸ذףؿ֮ѣ¶ʵʹ֮ϣһɫȻȼյӡ
ͷ׷ѾѪȾ죬ѪɫҪӵޣΪһεΣһеѪϵ˿֮л
ǣҶȴͦñֱϸǴĮȻЦݣƽĿԼǰĸˣ
ǵģĸˣ
ʮһֻʣĸˣ
Ҷһ˿Ϊۣ߸˵
һ˲䣬һ֮ʮһ˵Ĺͬʱɱˣɲͨˣõʿ
ûвһսˣ֪ղŵ׷ʲôֻǿ˽ǽһĸˣȴ΢΢ţҶĿ֮Уε¶ŨŨη֮ɫ
Ϊ֪ղŷʲôΪʱ˿̣ҶϵĴ˿ڣġ
˵ܹڵһνֵʱ򣬾ͽҶˣ˵һֵԺ飬ʵȴˡ
ʮղһ˲䣬ҶǸûнԼ˵ĹǵˣǹԼ˵ĹϣȴǳᣬԿ쵽޷ٶȣȭ׺ǵλͬ飡
һ˲Ĺһ֮ɱˣɲͨˣ˵õʿеʿ֮еٮٮߣлѾ˼תԪɣ
ףʲôˣ
˵仰ģǽ˴··Ļ˷עǰĻ棬ͬ޷Լ۾
κ˶ҪҶɱ֮УȷһԪɵת˵ҲĪ鷳
ΪԪɣ
ԪɶԼͬǼΪϧͼΪӵģΪΪɣڲͬģǲ֮飬ܵɡ
ΪԪɣ֮ͬĽܹԪ֮⣬ûеڶֿܵԪˡ
ɵδսԪɵȻҲǸӵϧÿһ˵ȻϢǵ˿ӣⲢǾ׽˵
ڣȴһλԪɣȻҶһ˶㲻ϵķ˵У
֮󣬻˷ڻָƽȴҲٴ¶һ˿ЦݣǸãһҲ֣ҶҲˣ
ͬʱս֮УǺҶĸ·ʿսĺһ˺ڵͷڲⶫ·ΪʲôҪҶΪУ
ҶȻ֣˫ͬʱ̧һһңסԼ߼γϽͳһΡ
ѪҲС
ۡһҶٴ³˿ҧŵذףȼŵĻҲǽϨ

Ҷ˵֣ǰ˵ͬɥһ㣬Ǹûκεٷ뾪һһɥ֮ȮһٶԶ
ڣֻһͷԶҶԽԶԽãܹ뿪ⶫ·»صϤ·

ȻǸߵĿȻһĲҽУü֮УͬǹõĹ㡣
Ѹӣ̼䲼ȫ£ۿɼٶȣѸڣĿľ󣬾ǹ
ߵڱеʿʱͣ˽ŲֵĿŹ裬Ȼû뵽ʱ򣬹边Ȼǳ֡
裬㣬ѵҪɱǣһ˲ʵ
¶һ΢ЦǲһȺ϶ѣȻѾʧȥõļֵҲûټȥıҪˣ
ɱǣҪһ˶ԿҶ·ʿˣһʿżĴŵ
̬ɵʼ򵽣νУǶһģһȺϣһȺһʮ˵ûκε𡣡
裬ҸóƺΪԪɣ
ʱҶͻȻ𣬲һǿ֮УһŹ˹
΢ЦſҶӣ֪黹治٣ҲòϣЩ¼΢ȷĳЩϣҹĿ࿴ǺܿϧⲢܸıǵˣ
ҶɱҵˣȷǿһɣܾܿǵλתһжҪˣգҪΪ͸ɵһ棬֪ò˶ãûɵĴڣ
µ񣬹ѾȫݣȻԪɵתȻҲȷܷŹҶ
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2302 Ҳ
һǿ֮е޴ĵٴγֻ֣εķΧǸǿգֻҶ֮Ϊģ£
ȻΪ˶ԸҶһεĽս֮ڵĹ֮ҪҶȫɱ
ʿڸ벻˹ֻۣҪɱҶԸ練ơ
ǲϱƽ磬ŵ֮Ǵһ˿˿ƺܹԼƬĿֲ֮ҶɫƽޱȣƺûнЩ磬ûнս֮صĹ֮ûнΪԪɵĹ
ͬҲŵ߻ƣֻЩ߷ǵκε˺Ƕһֱֹ˳ô˻͵Ϯ
ЦĿҶҶ֪ǿʵĪ⣬֮£ҵҪ㻹ʲô취Ҫ֪Щ磬ɶ֮óģǵλתҲ޷ıˣ
ĻҶҲЦˣЦȹ軹Ҫãֿ¶һѩ׵ݣͷԼɬ촽˽ҲʲôλֻҶһͨͨķʿһһߵڵͨʿ죬Ҿ㿴ΣԷɣ
䣡
Ҷ£һ˵֮УȻ֮С
ҲȻ۾ŵĿҶ

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籬Ŀֲʼ޾ǿնʼ˱һ޴ĿռƬĺУϵ£ϵʧ
ȻľУȴһ˸ЦҶЦ
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Ҷ˵ȻЩ磬٣ΪĹߣ
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⣬ܣ
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ѵѵǵλתѾ˼䣿ȻĻôܳܵסЩĹôܹ壬
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λǿ󣬸ͬجһ㣬ӡǵ
֮ûλȫûΪλĴڣɵգԪɲò˻֮С
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λѾعɽ磬ֻʣһλ䲻ҲΪԪɺ֮δսĹؼ
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УһҪɱ㣡
ϵЦʧȡ֮ǿеηҶѾ޷򶨡
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ͻȻۡһҶǽȻڱٰٵͬʱеɲǣը˿


2303 µ
ҶըѪ⣬ǳȥͱǼ޾ޡ
ͻȻı仯ٴŷĬʿ̲ס˾
ѾԼܷ뿪ϣȫҶϣҶܹɱ裬ôǶܻȥ
Ҷһ֮˲ɱʿʱǸӼҶ϶ʤȻڣҶǿȴȻը˿

һ֮󣬷ЦҪĽҶǲǵλתֻҪҶˣôһжǿ̸
Цһʱ򣬱ȻֹΪȻ֣ոմҶü߳߷ȴȻ˵֮Уڱըûпһȫӡ
ÿһʿҲֻ֮ҪɴڣǾ˵δ
ҶѾըһѪһⶼû£ôܻδأ
ԣ
ͻȻ֣Ҷ߷һһҵվ˵м䣬ȴһƴСյش
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Ҫǣյش֮УһѪһʺΣɢŵѪѪ
ĶҶϸĵһĻôͻ֪ҶŵģλߵѪ
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ڣѪҶѪҲϣ
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Ϊд󲿷ֵ˺߷ܣֻһСֵͨ߷壬ӿѪ֮С
ۣ
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ˣ
ҶȻۣһţʼԼ߷ƣһѾȱȫڻâüġ
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ʱ򣬾ܹɲٿ磬ڲϵĶҶЩҶȫµ֮ϣΪһһĽ֮⣬ûκεЧ
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ۣ
ͻȻһѪɫ䣬۵ӿһɾ֮ɫѿڶ壬㣬㾹Ȼӵ壡


2304 
壡
仰ӹĿ˵֮˵ɫȫ䣡
壬˼壬Ȼ˲ӵе壬ʵϣֻһݵ˲ӵ壬Ԫɣ
ΪɵԪɣڳʱӵеľڲͬ壬ˣޣҪǿĶࡣ
ڷԼԵϣԪҲǲɣϣԪɵȴռмơ
һ㣬Ҳɼ㸶κŬҲԽľ룬ɲӵ塣
ȻڣһˣһܼΪɵķˣȻӵԪɲӵе壬ҲζţһҶߵɽţΪ֮ΪʷһӵԪ壬ӵɷ͵ˣ
ĳ֣׸ı˵ʷ
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ϧһдۣɱ
ڣһռذľ޴ɹ֮Уһ̺ŷŭɱһ޴ʯͷͶ뵽ƽˮ֮У֮ϣһӿ˷
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ͬʱҲԼǧ޵ĶС
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٣£κξʿ໹ޣʥޣ飬ܹǿҶģûмˡ
ɫüΪĲ԰ףŲҲĵĲϵĺˣѪԽԽࡣ
ҶȴǺǡǡ෴ɫԽԽͦΣǰ˸˫۵財
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䣡
һ죬ѡԱ


2305 ս֮
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뿪ɣ
õҶ֮ͬʿ̲ԥ˲ϼ֮ţֻŮǰվҶҶѣ㲻𣿡
ҶڿǰϱǿգŮӵĻЦŵ˵ͷȻҪߣ֮ǰҪ׵Ļν·ڶ٣


2306 
ŮӲ֪ҶʲôΪԴȲϼ֮źҲûмҶҲûܸҶԼ֡
УȴԶҶӰ
Ǹһ˿ΪۣһٻɱõʿҶ
Ǹ֮˸Ҷ
Ǹǿձ֮Уͬһ㴩еҶ
ԼǸԼ΢΢һЦ˵Ҫٵ·ڶٵҶ
Ҷ˵ˣ·ϣԾǾŰپʮأͨţԾһս֮أȴҲûν·ڶ٣
Թκɶ޷ı·вúõĹģڣҶȴˡ
ңս֮صĸı䣬ֻһʼҶ̤·ʼԼĳ֮ãһһĵأ֮󣬶õ˸ı䡣
ΪҶӵ壬ڲδ֮ǰԴԪյϵĸıһء
Ȼս֮е¼ҲͨŷĬ˵ͣ˳ȥڶ·ϵʿ֪˻·Ĵڡ
ֻҲֻһ֪⣬˽ϸֻܸݻõĲϢԼĲ²⡣
ֲ²⣬ʵûʲô̫Чǿ¾Ҷû뵽ֲ²ȴǳһһ϶Ϊ⿴Ϊ֮οĺ
֪˻·Ĵ֮󣬶·ϵĴ󲿷ʿǣȻΪͬ飬ʱ˹ڲͬ磬ͬݣͬĽޣѵõŽһ
·ϣʿ֮ĴѾԽԽ٣ÿһ֮УǵһμʿʶʿαţЭ취ÿһء
˵·ϣʿǣڳѵһŽᣬŽᣬҲǴصٶԽԽ죬ȴԽԽС
Σǧ޺Լ󲿷ֵǶǼΪ⿴ģΪʹţε·»൱ܹߵţΪˣӶΪչԪɺɵĴս׳
һֵҶȻǳΪصעĶ󣬹ǵλתĿܣҲӱ˿϶ͷ
ҶǵλĻôܻһأ
·ϣҶĴѾκȥˣΪԴ뿪ս֮֮ÿһ֮УܿķʽµԼ֣
Ҷ
֣֣Ƕÿһĵص֮ƺΪ˸кߣҶ˵أ˳뿪ˡ
ҪĨ֣Ǵ֣ǵþһа취ȴ޷ɷֺ֮󣬲òͷȻҲǶҶʵӵ塣
ֻҶôֵ֮Ϊڶʿȴǰ᲻һ
ΪҶ԰ڣҡΪҶʾʵϣҶĿģΪ˸ʶԼѰҵˣԼ㼣
ҶȻѾɽ綼Ǵǹһˣ·ϣѰԼʦֵ֣ǵټʼһԲò취
ȻԼҲǣôԼ֣ܹ֪Լţڳǰ
ת֮䣬ʮȥ
ʱգҶѾŰأֻʣľʮܴﵽš
ʱ䣬Źȥʮѣ
ٶȣǿǰġ
ʮ̣û֪Ҷɳ˺ֵزҲ޴֪ΪҶ壬ͭǽһ㣬׵赲ס˵Ŀ̽޷ڵı仯
ʹأҶ˵ͬԷ·һ򵥣ֱӵеһ
Ԫ֮ԪԪеһл߽֮£ÿһأҪʲôͨȻҲЩҪ˹۲ʵǣʧˡ
ڵˣûУ뿪ս֮֮ʮ̣˵¶ûţҶȻûгֹһΣ
ΪȫûбҪ
زһֱ·ıǳԴ󲿷ֵʿ֪ҶĴ֮󣬱ֳĹҪڵ⡣
ҲʿˣȻһЩΪҶ˵ҪֵģҶһȥʱͻЩеҲ˲˿ֵͷ
ˣʮʱ䣬Ҷ˵ǼΪƽģԼе֣ǸʼҪɱԼˣΪɵԪɣΪʲôûгˣ
Ҷվһϼ֮ǰǰĲϼƽ˺ܾõ飬һ̺Ȼǰ֮УƺһЩƽ֮е⣬ᷢһЩڴ˺ܾõ飡


2307 ֮
ʮҶ˲ϵϵĴأϵѰԼ֮⣬ʱ䶼˼
˼˼У˼ˣ˼Ŵ˼һУ
ʮʱ䣬ȻûٳֹһΣԼ֪ʵжǿֲϵ˼ȴ˼뾳磬뵽һߵĸ߶ȣһվ֮ϣܿܿĸ߶ȡ
ÿһ飬Ҷµᣬµĸо
ڵһЩȫµʶ
ֻЩʶǲ࣬ǲ˼룬ĵ֪һ죬̫ңԶˡ
ڿˣ
Ҷڷһ̾Ϣ֮ǰĲϼ֮ţ
֮أ
ʵֵ֮ĵ֮һҲǶʹǧĻ֮
Ҷվȫһĵ֮У֪̾صֺ̺ĵ
֮磬ӦþһյˣҶĿƽĴܣĵӦþ֮аɣͼıһУ֮мˣ
£Ҷһܵľ󣬾Ȼ֮˱仯ҶŲͣǵļǰߡ
ÿһܵľ󶼻֮һΣȵҶ˾Ų֮ԭͬһľɫѾһƬ嫵ǿա
ҶڵĶĻͻ֪Ƭǿգ͵ٳǿգȫһ
Ҷվһǳ֮ϣǿ֮еÿһǳ˫֮нĸֳ˵⣬ڵԭĿģ񣬹ˣк𣿡
ǿ֮һƬžû˿ƺ֮ڣҶ֮⣬κλŵ顣
ҶȴܹĿǰǳÿһ֮Уһ飬Щ飬󲿷ֶϤҲѰҵġ
ҶǧԶǿŹâ˸ǳ֮Уһ˫Ŀ̺֮ǵˣڻǰУ˳
Աڵһǳ֮Уһͷ°ĺǣ̤űصʬǣѱ
ٹȥһǳ֮Уһ°ɫɮ۵İ˫ֺʲ£
ɣѩ裬ս죬ڣ࣬ԯ콾ҶѰҵˣȫһǳ֮С
Ȼ֮⣬һЩҶδˣҲһǳ֮У֮ǳ顣
Ⲣ˵ЩľЩǳ֮У֮֮УЩǳʵͬһһμ¼ǵΪߵ·ߣеĵεΡ
ûеõӦҶҲ֣Ϊ֮ܿܶС
ǰһУҶпٵţ˸ģĲ²⡣
·ֹһΣΪɵ·ϵһжԶҪ֪Ķ࣬ôӦЩģԼһ˿ֱ꣬Щ˵֮Уͬģʵ϶ҵļ꣬ȴװûҵǽͶֻأת
һЩ˳ɹô͵ǵԼҲ˵ʦ־ڸ򽣵Ҳ͸˽մ㣬ʮ͵ͬʱʮֵ͸˰ֵĻ·ϣԼʱ䣬ΪһĳֵͲٱӦĵ֮У
ȻҲ֪ڶΣ̤·ʲôΣӦҲǲҪٴظȥѾĵأ
ҶжڵΪĲ룬Ҳ𽥵иؼȴ벻ͨģǾǻأԪٳġ
ǧ޵Ļ˵һУԪ֮⣬κҲ޷Ķôܹڻڣкйص˵ľ󣬶һſŵǳеģ
仰˵أֱ͵ǳΪרĵأң֮⣬¶κʿܹˣ
ֻһֿܣҶе翪ʼž죺ǾǵߣԪɵİ
ѹôȥˣھȻûһʿܹɹߵţ˵ʿԺʵΪǸ޷֮Բ޷ߵţ
·ϣ֮⣬оŰپʮأʿθֻȫһ飬ܵţȱĳһֵôȻ޷ţ
ԪͨҲӦòܹϾ漰·Ĺһͨ˾Űپʮ֮󣬱ȻҪ֮أԪɾˣ޷뿪
Ҳ˵ǣڣȻ֮У


2308 俪
ʦħ죡
뿪
Ҷ۾һԼ²ȷĻôӦþ֮У
Ҷ˿ϥ֮۴򿪵ͬʱ߷ҲǴü֮ڣҪ֮ȫ̽һ飡
ÿһصĻǸͬҲ޾Ҵܹʱ仯ڸոʿԣҲ÷ǳ⣬ǵҶ磬Ȼ治ۺ˸ִѡ
ؼĿռ֮ٸ֮֮һڵĻָı仯
һ㣬Ҷ
׵ǿ֮УҶĴ֮ۺ߷ʼϵǳ֮д
һϤİףҲǰԽ࣬ҲԽľΪԼܹɣǴѿģ֪Լĵ꣬ɢ˶ʿϡ
Щʿ֮УеѾɹеȴڿȻǸ֪ĿĵֻΪѡ
ʱ䣬Ҷڽ֮ڵǳȫһ飬ȻȴûзԼʦټ
ȴеϣѵ˵֮ǰĲ²ⶼǴ
˵֮֮֮۶޷ģ
⵹Ǻпܣۣ֮ڵ֮еȷԿ͸һУȴ˲öȻ޷
ΪҪ˼Щǳ֮еЩˣҶֱһظͷ棬ֻѣ
ⲢҶûа취ˡ
Ԫ
Ҷ߷֮ϣͬʱͷų޾Ԫ֮ƣϳһʼӶȥ
һΣҶķ֮ãԪ֮ɵĴھǿ֮еĳλõʱôŷԲ֮ڵ򣬳ڵ
ЩϵķӿһƬ
ҵˣ
ҶһֱƬ֮ǰƽˮͬž޲Ҳһ̶ü
Ϊ֮УܾܿԼһֱڿѰҵʦܻܿԼѰҵĺܶĴ𰸡
һУǰֻҪԼһܵõ
һȴǼ
֮һɾ޴ֻҪҶһҪ룬ͻᱻӲ˳ĸˡ
Ҷ΢һ֮󣬾ȭݺһȭ
ϧľͬţ뺣һ㣬˲˿Ĳתۼʧ١
ҶԪ֮ƣֳܹ֮⣬Ҳ첻κεӰ죬޷С
Ҷ
ʱһɣͻȻ֮д
Ʈȴ쳹Ƭǿգ¡¡Ļ죬ֱǳҡΣƺʱбΣա
Ҷ¶Цݣ񣬺þòˣ
ٴ𣺡Ҷĺ㣬ȻܹҵһҲȷ˸˶ϵʱˣֻҪܽƬܿң֪һеĴ𰸣ɣ㣡
˱ȻֹҲƬǿգȻָֻƽٴֻʣҶһˣƬ֮ǰ
Ҷв˼Žķ
Уҽȥ˵Ƭ൱ţӣӦòƾ赥Ĺġ
񣬲֮еһʵ֮УԼԲһУӦҲԪôҾԿԪ
ҶѾӵԪȴٶãΪ޷ԪֻգҲ˵һһ㣬ЩԪΪ˶Ըʱֵܻˡ
ڣΪ˽ƬֻԪˣ
ҶٴξȭͷһΣȭͷ֮ϰһ⣬ͬƽһ㣬Ԫɫɫ
ʮʱ䣬Ҷûֹˣʱʮٴγ֣ȴֱӾͶԼΪǿ
ģȭͷƺѾʧȡ֮һ̫һͷų̫
ÿһâ̺ױȵܹ׵Ķκء
һʿûֱЩɫĹâ˵ȥҶһȭ
һȭҶеķŭҶЩѰ֮࣬ҶӳΪʿֱ죬·ϵĸ
䣡
һȭص˷֮ϣеʱͬһ㣬ʼ˼ٵӿӿ֮УȻԷ˿¶һͨ
㣬Ȼ
ٴδͨľͷֻ͸ղȣһΣ֮Զһɾͻ֣̿
ˣϣΣ㲻Ҫʧ
ҶһЦκεԥ̧̤ͨ


2309 Ԫ˭
֮أȻģ
ҶԪ֮ȭ俪ͬʱʼչעҶˣһ̣ȴɫ
ΪֱʱеĻ֮أűҶ֮ǰĻ֮أӣ
Ȼ˽֮͵컻գҳɹɱˣ
⵽ô£˭ģ
ʱҲʶ˲Ծʶ֮أʵǵƤ£˶ֽš
ǧޣ
λͬʱǧ޵Ķ𣬾ǧ˶Ϊ֮һȻҪѯԼʲôԼҲͬһͷˮ
Լʼն·ûзκεĲԾ֮
ǧ૵ĵԼֻԪܹҲ˵ߣ˵ڣҲһλתԪɣӦǺܾǰ;˼䣬пϴξͺ͵·Ұڻ֮ڣֵĲã
ħɻĵȲ˭ôʲôĿģһССĵɣ
̷ôܣɺҲɣԪɾԲܰŵΪɵģ
˵ʲôĿģ
ŵ룬λԪôӦΪֹλ𣡡
ϺУ⻰ʲô˼
λӦöǵãȻΪתҪٴγɣҲҪٴδ·ߵţָܻһмʵֻҪһδɣô֪ԼתҲֻǸͨʿѣ
λԪɰи˻֮أҽͨ·ʿ֮УôȻûܹɣǵλҲУƿ֮أҪƿ֮еؼҪ󣬾߱ԪǳɲɣҲӵԪһλתͽԶڻ֮֮У
ȵȣħ˷ĻҲ˵Ԫ֪λתڻڣ
ħͷ㶯вУĵ·ԵжеʿԪɽССĵ꣬˻֮أô赲жڵʿɣֻҪλתڶ֮Уôͱɣ
ħŭĵûӣҶǵλת𣿶ڸǻδɣѾӵԪƿأȻҲܳˣ֮λԪʲô޷赲Ҷɣ³Ϊλ𣡡
ƶϵһҲ˸Ľˡ
ڣȻһλתԪɣҾ˼䣬֪ԼҪѰҲɱеĵλתҪҵλҲô׵£͵ߵһ𣬽ŰΪɣ·ڻ֮ãӶֹڵʿܹɡ
ħɻĵ԰ȻʿɣҼǵ֮ȴʿɣô£
һЦҲλԪΪ˲ǻɣųʿǵλĿ֮󣬹ѡһЩͨ˵أǳɣпܣЩڳɵˣԪɵת
ȷȻ֪֮ʲôʱʼˣʱȻ̣ôʱڣ֮жûܹߵţɽ磬ͻעˣ
ڣǧޣ⣬λԪ˭ûпܣǸ꣡
λĵȫԻǧ޵ǰӸעΪ񣬸ǧ޸֮Ĵڡ
ҵֻǾŸеһȻǧҪջأȴ棬ΪпܻеλתȻڻ硣
ֻҲûϵߣȻתԪɵĴڣҰи˻֮أ˶֮ڳɵˣĲٿ֮¡
ֻеõͬ⣬ʿܳɡ
Ҳ֪ǣпܣŸ꣬һ𣬾תԪɣ
ѯʣǧ޲¶Ц֮ɫȻʶԼܹΪܻ֮꣬ƺǼżȻ顣
ֹǧôĵ֮УȴֻлУ˵ĴڣɺϵĻɺϵĸʵҲ̫˵㣡
ˣһ̣ǧ޵һʶԼӵнһгɾͣƺȫԼãˣ˵һλԪڰвݣ
λԪɼпܣԼɵĻᣬתΪ˵꣡


2310 ħ
ҶеͨߵӿָŹֵͬ޺ͬʣͬڣƺֲĴڣҪҶɵ
ҶȴΪԭȼҲָƽޱ飬ĿбӣֻǶͨǰᶨһһǰȥ
ȻЩҲ޷ӿ֮ͨڣҶоյߵͨľͷǰҲڳһϥߡ
Ѫ֮
ѪһŵĿߣ
ҶԼλѪ˵ʦ
ħ죡
УڻþУѪ֮УҶѾԼʦ⻹һΣĺԼʦ档
һ̣Ҷ̲סɣǰʦ᲻Ҳֻһ󣬵ȵԼѹֻʧԣȻʦͽߣȴԥŲټǰ
ʱħ۾ȻѪⱬֱֱĶҶϡ
ʦͽˣĿԣ
ڣħ¶һƴЦݣҶڵ㣬ӦþǶ˰ɣ
ʦ
ͨһҶĵԥɢҲԿ϶ǰʦҲǻһҲξʵʵڵĴڣԣκԥĹʦǰ
ФҶݼʦ
ҶڵϣĹĸͷ
ҶõѪڴгһܹԼʦʦǰȥǴδйİʦ
һˡ
Ҷ̧ͷʱѾỨҲһ
߹㣬ʦúÿ㣡
ǣ
ҶȻǺԥ죬ǸղֻȴȻδ˵ĵĴڡ
վǰΪʼҶҪ߳ӣĿⲻɵÿ˫ȡ
֮֮£ҶĿ˫֮оȻûѪҺϿ֮еѨλȻǱպϵ״̬
ҶðɻʦϾѪһŵĿߣҲͬѪսĹ˵Ѩλ϶ӦѾͨˣԲڵΡ
ʦ
Цеĵ£
ҶǰĦҶԴľͬһλĳοĴԼĺˡ
ҶҲǿаסĵɻʦԼ
һλ˴ָоҶѾܶûйˣϺѪ۷ʱҲй
ȻͻȻ֮䣬ħĦҶԴƣ͵һƣֱָӵҶü֮ϣͬʱħٴοڣȴǱ˵ǳɣһʦͽҶվһУû뵽Ҿʦɣ
ҶܸоħָѾǹɼƺʱܹ͸Լüģɫȴû˿ı仯
ʦĻ뿪ұ֤ڵ֮ǰ֣ĻҶ㲻ˣ
뿪ΪʲôҪ뿪ңǵ֮һǱӦںһ𡣡
Ÿ꣬Ѿתӵ˶ʶҪںϣĵȴδô룬˵ҲʦǷǵ꣬ȻԸںϣô¼䣬ûκܹ£ԪɶУ
£ҶȻ⣬ͬʱҲüץȥ
ң
зһ𣬵Ҷüĵָһѣָ֮Ͻͬһ⵶һ㣬ҪҶüġ
ۣ
ҶֱӲüģʳָȴԾǻҶü֮⣬޷ǿд롣
ôܣ
ʹţԵ˾Ⱥͷŭ
ʱ˿̣ҶѾڵ֮ϣȻ꣬һ죬һǵ
ûʲôܵģ˸ˣ壬ԪɵĻ˵壡
ҶָȻӲһץסڵ꣬ɫ䣬з֮ʦ֮У

ҶָԼ֮ϣȻһĵƣЩƵ֮£ܹץס꣬һק˴롣
㣬ӵ壬Ҳܸ֮
Ծڷٺ嶼ѾȫŤȴǲϵķ˻Ȼʵ
񣬿㻹ǲ˽ңѵ㲻֪óģǽܣΪ𣡳
䣡
ͬƤһҶԪͻ֮Ƶ˫֮£Ӳı֮г˳


2311 ֻ

Ҷû˿ԥûи˵ʱ䣬һգۡһʱֱ󱬿
һƵӲĽķѵĵճޡ
ʦ
һ֮ҶżæѾᵹԼħʱҲ¶ο֮ɫ΢ĵˣ
ʦպѨλģʦû˰ɣ
ʵҶڿʦȫѨλȫպϵʱ򣬾Ѿ˲Ծ
ǺҲ
Ѫ֮
һΪȻ˵ʿ֮޵УҲѷ֣Ұ׵Ļ˵촳صٶȣҪ˼ôû·ʿĽ֮£Ҷίʵţ˭ܹΪԼʦѨλȫպϣ
ңħȻڵõѪ֮վΪһѪͽˣԸȻ۲䣬ȻҲų˱ƵòѾͨѨλĿܡ
ȲǱ˱ƵģҲǱǿзյģôֻʣһܣħ죬зԼѨλ
ѪһţĿǰΪֹҶ֮⣬ڣΪĸԴڴͨѨλ
Ѩλһպϣ͵ͨˣȷǿ׳һ֮⣬κ֮
֮£ҪٿǵȥɱˣҲȫġ
οҶղǽ֮ȴû񣬷ԼʦһеĲԾʱˡ
һǽԼ꣬ڣȻ޷ֱӸҶȴԷѨλķʽһΪֹɱҶһҲϣҶܹԾ
ҶȻˣһֱӺ˵ƻꡣ
ûˣ
΢΢һЦ顱ڶʱͬը֮ȫ߰ٶʮѨλ˲ȫ´ͨ
ȻҶΪǣÿһѨλ֮϶һѨλγһ
ҶȻİΪҲУѪ۽ѪսĹһ֮ᵽѨ
䣡
Ѩĳ֣ħ֮϶ʱɢ˻ϢѪÿѨλ֮иǳһѨ
ħ쳤Цòԭȵ߱һˣϲ֮ɫ

һҶļ
ʦ
Ҷ¶ЦݣԼʦλ첻ηصѪ֮ħ죡
ˣѾһʮ֮ãΪʦúõĿ㣡
쳣ĺֱܵһ󷭹
Ȼ˵ĻҲ֤ҶĲ²⣬Ȼʦϴ̤·󣬾ͱ֮Уֱ죬ػɡ
һ߿Ҷһ߲ϵͷидʣãã壬ΪˣȻ嶼ˣҵͽܣúúã
һĿ֮Ҷе㲻˼æ˻ʦҲ֪
ô֪ôΪʦҲԪɡԣԪ֮һ
ҶѾµˣǴ˿׿˵仰Ȼɵһ̧ͷʦɫʦ˼𣿡
΢΢һЦֻǵԪɵľŷ֮һѵҲֻоŷ֮һļ䣬Ϊʦǰʲôݣֻ֪һӣҾħۣ죡
˵ȻҶζĵôòΪʦǰݣͲʦ˰ɣ
Ҷû̻ش𣬶ĿĶ쿴˰֮󣬲ٴΡͨһµӲңͬǰֻ֪ǵӵʦ
һǰֻ֪˵ĺã˵ĺãЦУ˫֣ҶӵϷοĵͷˣڸ˵˵ʦʦǡӦиӣѾ˰ɣ
˵ͳҶ֮ҲǴһʹȻ֪ʦѾ˵ĵ˭
꣬Ȼ챻֮Уǰ·֮ǰȴǰһ꣬Ѫ֮ĹѪ۵ı֮Уҵȵĵӣ顣
ȴĿģΪ˳ȫҶΪħˣҶѪһţ죬أһеľǣҪΪǣҪɹϧҶֻ
ˣȥˣҶԣ飡
쿴ȻѾɹҶȻܹµĳԼ϶һλӣΪ˰ҶĴۡ
ҶͷȥеʣǵģʦʦѾˣ
ž
һҶļ֮ϣĵޣѪһŵˣֻѪᣬ£úøΪʦ˵˵˵˵ʦôģ˵˵ѪһţЩľ˵֮Ϊʦǰţ


2312 
Ҷ죬ʦͽˣ֮أ񿪱ٳ֮УԶҶĽԴǰ·֮Щڻڷ飬ԼѪһţÿһ˵ľ
Ҷĺܻϸ£ڽʦйصʱ򣬸ϸһϸҲ
쾲ţĺ棬ϸͷβһûзȫҶĽУһĻĻη·ĳǰ
˴ԯ콾ѪĵʮУЦѪвȴЭ
˶Ӿһݺ죬ȴΪ֪Լǵľŷ֮һȻڲڽ֮У
飬ԼһķԸΪ˰ҶɹİһʹĶˣΪˣϧɱԼˣֵܽãڵ󣬸ǲٴɱΨһĺӣ
ĵӷȻץѵɲȴٲ˷սУֱڤڤ֮бҶã
׶Ϊ򵤵ץȥūΪƵҩ
ս飬Թ޻ڣս죻
ߵ󷨷סԪҶԼȴͬץȥūһ˫֮۶Ӳڵ
˰˵ŲߣΪѪһţΪҶŻѪã
˾ŵӴ࣬һŹ֧˾죬ӵյ֮
СĵҶӵõѪ쿪ʼһ·裬һֱߵԼǰֻ˵л꣡
ղŻڸҶ˵ѪһţֻѪħ죬֪֮УԼѾ棡
󣬵Ҷ˵еľ֮ħ֮󣬲Ż³˰˸֣Ѫһţأ
ǵģ˸֣ԸѪһţϵ죬µҶһʮһʮʱ֮һУ
ǲΪΪ죬ηأֻΪԼһصģ
쿴ҶϵҶļЩ£Ѿ֪ˣΪʦҪ˵һ顣
ҵǰԪɣ˵ֻԪɵľŷ֮һҲǻľŸ꣡
һ㣬ҶѾ뵽ˣ
ڽ֮صʱҶ뵽˵ߣӦһλתԪڰаǵڻ֮̽ԽʱԽãпܣԼλתԪɣ
̫ɵ㣬Ѿǵһ̤·ˣҲ̤ϣܳɹ׼ٵڶΣεǰ
ҵͬΪĴڣȴûżɣ뿪ڰмӲٿǡ
ٱ磬һ㣬Ȼ֪ȴװ֪ʮеҪɸħѪ۱Լ˷һ֮ͬʱ
Ҷ³˵Ԫת֮Ȼ뵽ǾŸеһôɲΪʵŸ꣬һԪɣ
Ȼһڵǧ֮˵ǴģҶҲǧ޲ƭԼһ뵽ˣ¾ǧԼƭˣΪġ
֮УֻеȾѣȻָ˼䣬һ㣬ǿΪΪλԪɵִԪɵȾѣֻ֮Ҳһ¾ͻָм䣬ֻǵҪһǳΪˣԣڿʼһУΪ˳ɣ
һȵΪԪֵļȫָ֮μΪԪɵ񣬾ҪɣΪ˲ϧɽ֮£е飬׵ĶϾɵĿܣ
ʱҶ̲סʦԪɵִʲô˼
ŵҸ˵ΪʵԪɣʲôˣڣɸָģ͹˵ǡɣɵģֻΪԪɣЩ϶ҪʿͷҪǿĶࡣ
ǣҾͿΪλԪתʱ򣬲֪ʲô⣬û˵λһΪһ飬ǱȽԼˣͬЩڣֳ˾ŷݣ
УԪɵִתΪ˵񣬶Ԫɵս⣬תΪʦս죬ԪɵĽȻתĶʦ־ڣ
ò˵˵Ҷʮֵ棬ȴһĵ̲סʵʦأǸԪɵֶ
֣Ҷʼû˵ڡ
ЦŵҶһ۵Сӣ˵ʦǶʦŲǶΪǸԪɵİתɣ


2313 Ⱦ˳
ִս⣬ǣ
˵ʵЩÿ鶼߱ģҲΪԪɵݣתʱ⣬òЩֱתΪ˾Ÿꡣ
ѾԿ϶ĸת˵֮⣬˲ûȥǰһУҲûоеļ䣬ҲǾˣȴԸڵԼͬħһ
ǰʲôֻԼĽ
ʣֱ˭ȴҲ޴ӵ֪
̤·ʱûЩ䣬ʱҵĿĺܼ򵥣ͺһΪҵѪֱۣұڴ˵֮Ҫңҵļ𽥾ѣȻҲôɵɣЩһֱڷֻʼѹңڽˣȻĻҿҲŲ˶ˣ
ʦ˵ѾһЩйѪǰϢѪǰıѾɣԾڴ·ѵѪǰһɣ˵ѪǰҲԪɵľŷ֮һ
ҡҡͷѪֻһıһһû·ϵõĹϢʵ壬ǵóϵ壬Ѫ۾ǷԪɵľŷ֮һֻеѪԼ֪ˡ
ʦ˵˵λԪɣһʲôĴڰɣ
˵ʵҶλԪʵǼȤȻѾɱλԪתܾãλת˾ŸԪɣ϶Ԫɲͬ٣ʵӦҪǿĶࡣ
λԪɣ˽Ҳֻ֪࣬ɽݿɲͣһλ
ڹУҶùһЩйɽ磬йԪɵļ䣬ȻҲ࣬ȴ֪Ԫ֮УɵΪߣξ
Ҳ˵ת˾ŷݵλԪɣǰȻһλѹǿܹ֮أǺ
ˣɾȵɣվҶȻղ˵һƲл꣬Ĳл֮࣬ɱ֮Ϊ˱˱ںϣҪץʱֹ
ʦβܳ׽ɱҶҲʮͷ⣬治ǻ񣬾ȻֳܹôݣҲôʿڣҪɱʵǼѰ¡
ĿǰҲ֪϶а취ģҲǲ֮
Ҷûע⵽˵仰ʱתȥʵȴΪס¶һ˿Ρ
ʦȥģ֮Уѵͷסһ𣿡
ԭкܶģ֮⣬ӦҪôɣҪôɱҲûӳ
ʲôҲˣ
θںܴ󣬲Ҫɱʿɱ飬뽫ħֽʵ֮ĵںϵһĿģĿǰҲǼȻе𣬶ֻǵħôĳɹĻ֮ϡ
ѾѪ۱𣿡
ЦеҶļİɣʦҶûܳɹɵοѪˣѪһ⣬ֺγûİţЩϼһһһƻ
˵仰ʱȻûʶԼʵγһϼһңɵǣҶҲй뷨
ҲܹΪʦͽһԭɡ
ʦͽ뿪Ƭվǿ֮еʱĿǳ֮ӹ֮󿪿ڵֱȥŵģǹƵΪ˶ԸңѾʼȲЩˣԣڻȥ˰ɣ˵Ⱦ˭
ʷҶһᵽˣ˸Լĸо
ȻͲҪκ˸ʦĻȴԾһƬů
ô棬ͽܣȴҶѡȥ˭˵ҶСͽܵ۰ˣ
Ⱦɣҵĺֵܣ˳֮ͨæıߣӦܹõĶԸ񣡡
˳ȻҲأֱڣҶԾɲ֪˳˵ӦһֳģԼʦֵתȴ˵ǣ˵ǡ
ãȾ
Ҷ˳ļ򵥽ܣ΢΢һЦһ죬Ϳǿ֮У˳ǿǳȻεض𣬴¡¡죬Ȼķ˹
ʵ·еľŰپʮأа취ѡԼĿĵأĿǰѾҪô鷳ˣĸأΪʦȥ


2314 ʸ
˳ҶʱȻ¶ЦݣȴûаľȣȻ֪Լڴʱ˵˳
վҶߵħ죬Ҳһϳǰ֮ݼ
֮ǰȻѾҶ˵˲ٹ˳£ǵʱ򣬶˳ıȻΪ죬סİͷ

Ҷȵ˳֮󣬾Ȳĳ嵽ǰ𣬶һȷ֮ųһ
ֵ֮䣬ѾʮδôҶһֱ·ϿѰЩ˵䣬ҵˣݷȴһԸһ㡣
Ҷѯʣ˳ѾĽԼЩľ˵˳
ʱ򣬵֮󣬾ʹˣͬɽһ뿪Ҳ֪ʩչʲôֻ֪ͨѹʱѾУǸʱҳǰ֮⣬Ҳûѡ񡣡
ʮһߴأһҲѰǵ䣬ұȽˣҺôһΣľбߵ˵ľһģ֮С
ʼʱûж룬ΪΪ˽ǷɢͨʿĽӴȴʶûô򵥣֮ͨε֮ڲµŵĿģΪͨȻٶǵĵӶС·ϵѶȡ
ħ춼̲סͷΪ˳ֻǵһӣȻӣȴܵƾԼô飬Һʵȫһ£ⲻò
˳ŵҲ·ţǺܶһյ㣬ֻյ㾿ݱ䣬ȴ̫Ų޷壬ãҼˣ
ŽǺܶյ㣬㵹ǺҶ뷨ıϡ
Լ𣿡
Ҷʮֹĵһ⣬˳ȻûѪҶУ˳ҲãҲãҲգЩˣԼļˣǱ׵ˡ
˳¶һ˿εЦݣҡҡͷҸоҵҪӣĿǰʵ޷³Ϊ֮󣬻һ˿ܣ
˵ʱ˳Ȼ˶٣ʮĿ⿴Ҷ⣡
ʲô⣿
һ죬ҪһææܻΥԸΥ뷨㣬𣿡
˵ʵ˳⣬Ҷüͷ̫˽˳ˣ֪ԲԵ޹ʵʳ⣬Ȼˣ˵ӦѾ֪ĳЩ飬ȴԼ
Ҷͬ˼Ƭ̵ֻΥҵԸҵ뷨ǲ˼޹ȥ캦飬ҾԻ
ллˣ˳¶ЦݣҶһҾס
ҶûӲĳ˳һ񣬵ȵ˳ֱ֮ſڵǰʦҲʹһƵ⣬ҽҶʦĻشҲһΣҲǰֻǰʲôֻ֪ҵֵܣ˳
ǰֻ
˳ظ˸֣Цŵ˵ͷҲˡ
ħһֱû˵ʼվһԾ˵ĶԻֱʱЦŵʱޣҪȥѰˡ
ãҶͷŵһ˿л꣬Ҫȡܻеʹ࣬һ¡
ҶͬķʽӲĴ˳֮Уһ˿л˳
Ҷеľǣ˿л꣬ڵĲлȫͬδһ˿ķûУԼȫʱҲûκεķӦ
µȻܹĻֳбȻҲǿ֮֡һ㣬˽͡
ҶҲʱĽйԪɺ͵˵˳˳֮üͷ壬Ȼڿʲô⡣
ʲô£·˵ɣٴοڣ˳˼ڣǻȥбл긽֮ˣһȥ˭
쿴ҶҶȴǽĿ⿴˳֮Եһ˳Ŀľϣ˳ױȵԴóԼһİš
˳ȻҲϰһ㣬΢΢һЦгǳʼԼķʽܣȻƬ֮ɫ䣺ã·ˣ


2315 ʧȥ
·
仰Ҷ춼סȻͬʱתͷܣȴΧһж𣬷ƽ˾аҪļ
Ȼֻһأ·ĻκһҲɱҪܵһܻаȻġ
ѯʣ˳˫еǳͻȻȥҲ͵ס˫ۣзһƺ֮󣬲Žŵңҿ·ı
ԭ˳֮δδĻ֮У·Ȼˡ
켱ʵа취ֹ𣿡
˳ʹҡͷûУ
֪ʲôʱжǲǵΪ
е񣬻ˣʱ䣬壬ֻ֪ˣӦúܿܿˣ
üͷ壬ϵǰŰɣϾ˳ǳμ棬ĻȻֱ̬ȡ
ȻҶ̫ͬ˳ˣȻ·ڲúҪô±Ȼͻᷢµûа취ֹ
·ĺǽģΪ·ϵʿڸڶǿߡ
ȻǶǱű֮·ģȫûĻǶ˵Ǹ޴ʧʧҲӰ쵽ɽ硣
뵽ɽ磬ҶȻˡ
ԪɣһǣˣǵĿģҪݻ·һͻ᳹׶Ͼɽǵϣ˼룬ǵλҲ޷̤ɽ磬ǸʱԪٷɵĴս
ҶѾҼ˵ˣΪ·ĺֱ͵ǳԪ֮⣬û֣֮
һսܣôԪɽҪģȻնݳԶĶžɳֵĿܣһݵİ취Ȼǻȥе֮е飬ֻʣԪɡ
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ȻħصҶļϣ·ûбǻʱ䣬ҽ㷽ǷͷȥѰˣȻŴͣ·ſ϶취ֹ
ãҶ˳ʦһ߰ɣ
Ȼ˳ȴ۾ҡҡͷǰһҪǲùҡ
У
ҶȻܾ·ҪˣҪ˳һ˵Ļûпܵš
˳ʼ۾˫֣Լ˫¶˳
˳˿̵˫ۣҶ̲סһ½гͬʱһģ˳һ
˳˫֮Уûʲôǳ۰׶Ѿʧеֻ޾ĺڰްĹ
õģԼղܵʱϵġ˳ȴЦŰοҶ
ҶȻ޷ţ˳ҪϵԼ˫ۣҪ֪˫֮о̲֮
Ϊʲô
ΪһЩ飬ڣҾҪȥ֤һ£뵽飬Ƿȷ
һ𣡡
Ҷܹļͬ˫ʧ˳һȥ֤ʲô飬ζҪ

˳ն㲻ңЩֻһȥң˰ǣǶ֪·Ҫ飬һҪϽҵǡ
ǣ㣡
˵ˣû£ʶûƭ㣬ڣңһŴͣ
Ҷ˵ʲôȻȴٴļҲų˵
գҶֻܶĶ˳Ƭ̣Ȼ˫˳ļ֮ϵǾŴɢ
ã
˳վԭأֱҶ뿪֮󣬲ų³һȻĵ˵ϡ
ҵ֮ȴҲһЩ䣬˵һҪлл㣬ԭ֮յ㣬ôԿܷǸ߼Ĵ֮
˳ȷûƭҶһΣȴ˵˼ٻ
Ϊ˫۲ԼϵǸղڿ·ͬʱͱͻȻڻ֮еĵǿȡ֮
Ȼ˳ڵһ˿лѾҶǿȡߣȻ˶С˵ı£ûвл꣬Ȼܹ˳֮
˳֮Ͳ˫֮УȡߣȻ˫Ҳͷˡ
Ϊ˲Ҷģû˵ʵο֮ߵͬʱȷ뵽һЩǾ֮ǲܵռռܣǴ֮
ܣ֮
Ҫ·֮ǰ֮ɹɺҶԼŴʧܣͽ·ıʧ


2316 ĵ
Ȼ·ееأ̤ϴ·ʿ˵֮Уʵϣ·УȴǾֹġ
Ҳǵ·֮ʱ˶ۿģһǧǳͬǹ⣬̾Ͷɵ·
ÿǳʹһأÿ֮гֵĲϼ֮ţһ󣬸ݽʿʵ磬ԼԵĸ򣬽Ĵ͵ĳһ֮Уÿλʿ֪Լͨһǳ
ħҵܹѡǰصİ취ʵϾ봫ȻϿռ֮Ǹһǧǳ֮ߡ
Ҫ㣬ͱҪ˽⵽һǧǳλ˳ڸ£ƾסȻٽռ֮ͬҶ˲һǰӦǳ֮С
쵱ĵõһλǰ·ĵͼַȻȷ൱鷳ǹؼʱȴǼΪá
Ϊ·Ŀռ͵еĿռֲͬǿռ֮һҲֻܴһռ䡣
˵֮أʵϾǵʮǳԭȵս֮أǵʮǳ
ôҶҪĳǰ֮صĻҪ֪ԼڵصλãǵʮǳôҪԿռ֮һδһȿռ֮ţʮȿռ֮ţʮǳ֮ܵأ
֮⣬ָӼ򵥵ķѾ˾Űپʮֵһվᱻŵʱ
Ǹʱʿоͻ·Ϣٽռ֮Ȼ׵ǰҪǰĵˡ
Щħڽ̸ҶʱϸĸģҲҶʶˣԼʦȻѾ˾Űپʮֵǻ֮ѾϾǰˣ
ҶľȣħȴЦеΣʮʱ䣬Խ·ĿܽеĻԼҲ׻ˣ
ûҶӻ֮뿪ҲܸĻ֮
֪֮ҶϣʦֱܹǰţΪȻҪٵ·ôֻܾ֮ܿҪֹܹôһȻ⡣
ҶûнԼ뷨˵ȻԸϣе㵣ģԼʦǵĶ֡
ʱûֹ񣬷ɣת۳ŷ֮ǽѶԸ
ˣ콫ǸͼҶѡٽļǰȥˣʣµĵأȻ
ǣʦͽͬԼŴ֮󣬾ͱ·ֱȥˡ
ͬʱھŰپʮſǳ֮Уһκʿ޷򣬾֮ͬħĵطһϥŵ
񲢷Ƕһˣߣˣÿ˶˫Ŀգϥͷ֮ϺȻӿһɵɵһֱ죬ͷ
ȥ֮⣬Ľ£Ȼˣս;ڣ
ֻս;˶ήңȻûлԣȴһͬһ㡣
ŲϱõףڴʱѾֹͣ˱仯¶һӢ˵ü֮䣬һ˵̬֮
˲ͬ˫ԲкȻǳڲϵı仯ƶǶ˳֮
Ϊڸոջõ֮һЩϰߣõǲ¶һ˿ƣ֮ɫ΢΢˱۾֮󣬲ų³һڣĵ֮Ȼͬ죬֪ˣ˳ԭ֮תû뵽ǣԭǰΪңȻҲ֮ͨ
֮Уβסĵ⣡
У㵹صֱҶûҵ㣬ģز˶ˣܿ죬Ҿͻҵ㣬϶Ҳ·ϣҿ㣬ʲô취ߣ
У
ʱڷ΢ϰҲ֮һ𣿡
ߣ˾һ۵ʲôϰˣ㻹ΪѪһŵĵˣҵľŷ֮һǵʦħ죬ҵľŷ֮һǳΪѪˣǸսͽģǵһУҴ͸ǵģ
ƨʲôŷ֮һսҲһЦҾǴʥս죬һϵûУٸʽ飬жʦ֣аʦܣʦ˼ңһϵûУ
ս֮ѾҰˣȻôж־治ҵսתɣҲգǼҪΪһķϣҾ͸һЩ࣬Щ࣬Ƕûмɣ
ﴵˣսг˲мϰĶ֪˵֪࣡
УȷЩ⡭


2317 
У˵ѪһΪصһ֮ͨŲߣ˳ᢣһ֮ڻ֮УǰðŸһһľ֣ѪҶһߵ˽졣
ֱڣҶĹ֮мһеӰ֮⣬ħڣû˿ҲΨһһȻûгֵˡ
ͬĶԿԴѪ۶棬ٵħ죬һһ˶Ϊֲ֮иѾĹͷиóֵҲ̳֣ΨûУⲻò˸еɻ
ҶΪ˳еתʵϲˣΪ˵ҲǾŸ֮һΪ˲Լɶѳһڣƺǲȫġ
˳Ҳһٵ˵ԼһΪ˳֮ʱ׷ԴУҲ˵˱֣ҶҲֻǿ˳ֻһľ
һУ˳˷룬ӵأȻеټҲͬ׹ãȻ֪
ڵɹĴ˳֪֮֮˳
˳ȷκ˵תΪǡ֮
˳һֵת
ʵ˶źͽܣôҲͬһת
Ȼʵˣ
в֮Ȼ֪ʲôӲĽԼ֮Լڰ˳ҽֻأӶ˳
˳֮ȻҲֻһľҶŻΪ仯֮ʱĻ֮УеӰ
Ȼ֪˳Ƕе䣬ȴ޴ֻ֪֪϶Ҳ·϶ҲͬʿһڴһĵأΪĳɡ
Ľս;ڶĬˣһͨս֮һ֮ͨͬǵԸһֱֱԶ͵ķʵͶء
Ƭ֮սȻЦˣҲϰˣô㼴ˣҲȻǲģԶֻһĵ񣬸ܳΪʲôˣϰĺãĺð
죡ݺݵĵսһ۵лһѾˣζӲҵĵģ
ǾĿԴɣսɣΪУġ
ҲǶˣתͷϥˣĵץʱ䣬Ͻ·

ûа취ֹ𣡡
λѵõͬʱ˶֮ǧ޲վɫĶ·
ʮǶϼӷԪɻû·ɱҶ
ַǳĳͼѣǵʵ෴Ϊ̫ǿԲŻӵĳ
˵ǣκһ˽·첨׵Ĵݻ·
ΪɣǵȻôΪ·ɵϣøʿͨ·Ϊˡ
ǺǱԪɾû˼ˣ෴ǲϧһдۣԼνֻҪܹٵ·׶Ͼǵϣǲռƣеɡ
ʽĴսδʼѾ½ԪɴӾ뿪ֱǰţΪľǴ·˶֮⣬ŵʹͱԪҿж׼ɳţȡԭȵʹϷ֮£ŶžκԪɵĽ롣
ֻϧΪвٱ·ϵתԪɣͬѾ𽥾˼䣬֪ԼҪʲôǿʼ޼ɵ·ڲƻεǣЩתԪɣȻûָ˵ݣȴ׵Ĳٿ·ڵһǵµ
Զ·ٵв
ȻҲ֪˵ǵһλԪתѾɹټ˶תԪɣҪ֮׻ٵ·
ǣǼ㷢֣Ҳûֹ
ΪԪ޷·֮ЩתԪǣȻڲ׷ӡţַӡǵ꿪ٳ·ԪµģΪǿǿҲ޷ƿֻܴһߴ򿪡
һ·͵ǳ׵ıɽ˳Ԫɻɣڶ޷С
תԪȴǿ·ɴУ޾ĳ˵ڿ·ϵĴڡ
ˣҪ·ֻ·ϵЩʿǣ˵ϣȻҲͼ˺ܿǵλתҶϡ
ȻڵҶҲɣΪͳΪʸ֮ģΪԪǱҪɱĶ


2318 
˫֮еǳڲϵϣҪ֪һУʵϱƽޱȣͬҲŽ
ȷҪٵ·ڴ֮ǰҪҵԼת
еεǣȻѾҵ죬ս죬ڣԼ֪жԼת֮⣬ĿǰΪֹȻȱĲ֣
֪Ĳ־ת˺δΪʲô
ս˵˸תȫںϣԶ޷޷ΪԾֻĵ
ЩԴ֪Լת֮һ󣬾ͿʼѰ˸ת䣬ķʱ䣬ҵеĸ
Ҫֱȫɣȫںϵģǵһ̤·֮󣬺֮ܶѣı˼ƻ
ûѾҵĸֳһ꣬ǵڣٿǵǶš
ΪҪԼ
ģɴɱһǧɷŹһԭ򣬿ʼٿԽԽˣпתĴڣֳһ꣬ڡ
Ȼ˺ôܹκʱ򣬶ɵЩĵӶΪ·Ͻʡʱ䡣
ٽţԼ˻֮صĹ򣬽֮شǧ޵ʹ֮а룬ȫΪԼУӶʼƿض֮ʿĳˡ
Ϊ˲ǵע⣬Ҳʿ֮ѡʵѡ˺ԼһͬΪתԪɣڰаǳɡ
ǵؼʱȴȻδҵԼĸתȻΪżҲΪʲôҪȽ֮ǿжĿġ
֮ĸת䣬ϣܹ·֮ǰҵǡ
ҵһ
ҵһ
Ͻ¶ϲɫϲɫҲȻֹˣΪܣ޷ҵԽܵģѾҵתΪֹȻû
ǷڻδѼ䣬治֪ôҵһ֣Եеܻ
ʱȻһӰͬһĳ˵ǰֱӹڵص²μ
ʲô£ȻܲԼܱ˴ϣȴòֹͣܣǰˡ
·ϵתԪɣܹ⴩󣬸֪˱˴֮ʵݣУתΪλߣЩԪɣȻΪհ
ɵּ⣬֣ɱҶ
ɱҶͷȻԣֻڱίʵ߲籾ҶλøǣȻǰȥɱɹ֮󣬼ǴһΣ

ܿҶڵλãİ˲ãһԪǰɱ
ȵԪ뿪֮󣬵ȴǸֳһ˿ЦҶڿɱãпܾǵλţҿǴкô˼ֻλˣ

·ӦҪˣ
Ҷվһ֮Уͬ֩һ֧գԼѾҲӿͷ
ʱĲˣҪץˣ
Ҷٵ飬̸ķʼÿռ֮·֮ڴ󣬶Ŀ꣬Ǿ֮İ
ڶصʱҶȴǶȻͣ£ĲڵһΣϢ
һ֮УȻûһʿĴڣеֻǲȱĸɽһٺս
ɣ
ҶɫƽĿڣʮȻ˹أΪȻǶԸԼܹһˣ˵֮⣬ڶ롣
Ȼ£ܳˣҶΧ
ˣÿ˶ս磬Ѫ죬ҶĿ֮вɭ֮⣬ȻѾڴ˵ȺҶʱˡ
ȻҶȴҡҡͷĵֻǵģôһģ
󵨣

ҶⷬȻ̼˵ŭһڳ߳Ҷ
Ԫһ壬ȼΪɭϣͳΪɵۣɵ֮¾һ֮£֮ϣλޱȡ
ҶȻ˵Щھܹ͵ס
ΪһɫսףˣĵҶǵλתֻҪ㻹δɣ·ڣͲһͨʿѣݵò񡣡
Ҷҡҡͷ˫ֱҾǲǲǳֱ֪ʱޣһϰɣ


2319 
ҶѾɾ壬ѾӵԪս֮УɱΪתԪɵĹ衣
־ʮĥ֮ٴγ֣ƿ˵ڻ֮вµʵȻǰλתԪܿġ
תԪ֮·пݺ޵еĹؼܹٿ·ǵֻãһʧȥ֮Ҳֻͨʿʵѡ
ôҶ˵ɱǼֱѴ֮
ȻûнҶѾӵ壬ӵԪЩԪɣߣҪɱҶĻҲԲôôĿľԶ׼ˣ
ֻƬ̹ѾҶɫûбһ£ֱӴ򿪿ռ֮ţ뿪ء
ڷһУʮֵϸٴθֳ˿ЦĵҶҶǵλתԣɲҪʧ
һʱ䣬Ҷڵ֮вϵĴţΪֹѾΥʦĻֻڵļ֮дУǽеķΧƵ
ĵԽ࣬еĲҲԽǿΪûаԭȼƻҵһԼˣ
ǣɣһһˣѾԭĵ֮УΪڵǳߣҶҲ֪ǾѾ˵˵أʲô⡣
УȴΪĿԱȽϴΪ˸˵˵أҲе˶ôɣȫ˵ء
뿪صľԽԽԶҲԥ޷ʦϵϣ֪ʦǱߵΣǲҲԼһ
ˣҪʼǣǼѰȥǾʹ˴סȥʦ档
ʹ˴סвʣôˣҲ¸֮оأ
һȻǺʱǸͷ
һ죬һ쳹·֮ڴ·ϵʿǣҶڣȫˣ
ʮʿǵһȻҲζʲô˲òͣ½Ų̧ͷ죬ѰԴȴŽᷢ顣
λʿ˴·ʱѵرգڣʿ뾡ܵĴĵأɵţ֮Ծδܳɹصģôͽӡڵ֮Уֱ´·Ŀ
һɣȻе֮
ⷬÿʿȾϲ
·ôſô̵ʱҪرգЩѾڶ·ˣǸе֣Ϊϴ·ʱ䣬ﵽ֮ãһξȻŲʮꡣ
ϲǣֻҪڴأȻֱӵţҲǰ·ֹ顣
ǰֻдŰپʮأܵţȥߵŵʸ
ȻţδܹߵţһĻᣬһȥ·϶δֹĻᡣ
ȻʿϲҲζңңڵĳɣھֻһ֮ңˣ
ʱ䣬ȴҲһһ֮δܴأҪӡڵ֮Уȴ֪֮·ٴοǼΪµ顣
ˣʿ̿ʼӿٶȣԼ˵һأ
ȻҶҲʮ˵˾ǵҲüͷ壬޷ͨͻȻ˵ⷬĿġ
˳㣬·ĻʹȻǵɡ
ڵԸҶ̫˽ˣִ֪ת֮󣬸Բںʿǵġ
Ȼ˼ƺǸʿһɵĻᣬֻҪǴڵĵأܵš
Ȳ˵Ǿܷĳɣٵ֮·ľʹ˱ҲᰲȻ
ǣĻô
ôĿʲô

һҶڵ֮еʿһǰ̣ȿֺĳĵء
Ȼ֮䣬ҶȻˣҵΪֹɲ˼ֵδȲܵĿĺڣ˵Ŀ϶ʵ֮ǰûдһأҲᱻӡڵ֮С
ӡǲ£Ҫݻ·ҿҲԴУڣҲҪȥһأ
Ҷǰ֮֮ǰѾ˾Űأʣ¾ʮأǵʱһ㶼żΪʮأֻҪʣµĴ󲿷ֵأѾ˵
ʮξ֮У˷͸ʮֵ·ĹؾһصʿĳֵȻܱܿӦĵأٴԶҶ˵ҪĵأҲʣ˼ѣ


2320 
񴫳·ϵʿˣҲˣҶһҲǲ׵˾ٵĿĺڡ
ħϢ𣿡
ħֱڿһӣǰʱֳһͬһڣѺʮˣЩˣô֮ߵţΪ˵ʿ
Դӵ֪˻صʵ֮ɽ֮ڣЩ½ȫǵʵ
ȻǷˣʮˣԪת
ǾͽǾ͸ħ˿ЩתԪɵܷͣһЩϢ
һ뺷Ĵ󺺣˵εĻ֮У˫ֱȭһ񵽣ѾˣЩ䣬ԪܹɳԪɣǰ·תеλߵľǵ

֣ͬǧ޶İΪԪ֮Уһоʵߣǽɵ۵ĴڣɽսʱҲͬ佻֡
֮ΪΪܹǧһʵ쳣ǿ󣬿³Լɵ֮⣬һܹ֪ı𾿾ںδ
ΪԪƿػ֮뾵磬Ԫӵжһ޶壬뾡һа취Ҳ޷УȻҲ֪ԪɵĶҲһֱΪͷ֮¡
ˣ˿Ȼϧ磬תϢίʵ𶼸е𾪡
üͷѹֻתɾŸڣѹֳܹ꣬ٿڶʿѹܹ͵컻գıҵȶҴӲԭȻ
̾һӣԪɵһˣıô꣬ȴҲʱˣ
ڣеϣֻܼڵλϣҶֹֻˣħʼռҶǵλת
Ȼȷʮ𾪵еĵȴ̫أΪеλڵ磬ʵԲҪ
ǰǣλ𣬱Ҫ֮ǰɱȻĻȵٽ·ԪµЩʱ򣬼ǵλ𣬿Ҳˡ
Ԫԭԭҡ
Ѿ˺ܶǧ޺Ȼ૿ڣϽ¶һ˿֮ɫڰעĵ̾˿ͬʱһ䣬ʱǧ޻˹ȥ
ŻԵǧޣħ𺱼ɫѾˣǧܹӵн֮ɾͣʵ϶ܵĲٿأĻ˵Ϊ磬Ҳκνչı
ǧޣɽ磬ĿҶ뽫ΪͽܵˣڿԿ϶ԼõһУʵǰ͡
Ļ֮ΪľŸ꣬ɵĵͼԪͼһУȻȫԼΪתΪ˲һ֮ٿص΢Ӷѡ
ʵ޷ܺԽܣ
̾˿ЩΣҵĵǣ᲻ڣҲʲôٿصĶǶƭ
ħͷֻȷסΪʱѺȵһг䶨ˮʯ֮˵ɣ

ϵǹɢߵǧ޵ԣԼⱲΨһĵӣҡҡͷ֮һǧ޵ü֮ϡ
ʱһȵŴݿ֮˲Ϯǧ޵ȫ£ҲȻ۾͵شӵ
ѯʣǧ޾֪ԼΪѾʦȫӡҲһ仰˵վߵǰͨһڵأĿͷȻֱַħͷͬͷ
ǧ޵ӣ΢΢ۣ˲бɾϢȫǱһһŭ߲ʵעǧ޵ǧޣȥʲô㶼ҵĵӣίһʱ䣬ģΪʦһֻعһȫµ
ǧվͷԾĬĬ˳ߣ뿪Ѿ֮õĶš
ʱ˿̣·ϵĵھŰپʮſǳ֮ϣҲǵڵǿǳϵйâ֡
ÿһâ֣ʹһʿ
ЩʿԶ֮еǿߣеıˣеȣڰ֮ǰɹĴڵأӶһصֱ͵


2321 ֮
̤·ôʱ⻹ǵһͬʱܹôһط֣ȻҲΪ֮˷ܲѡ
֣Ҳˣ
֣ϵܣҾ֪϶ܹɹģ
Ⱥ֮У½ʼֺԼͬһʿƽĺѣȻǿĲѡ
ʮ·̣ÿʿǹ¶ģһߵصļͨǸƣ￴һһĹˣһһϤף֪ǵĿġ
ԭгģֻҪͬһģôҲһЦ𣬻Ϊѣվһ
ЩľԼӭţЩǲֵһᣬʲôǲܷµأ
һʱ֮䣬ǳ֮ϣͱһƬϲ֣ľۼһ̸Щ˴˵ľ
̸˴Ȼ˷Ц̸ĴȻҲǰԴ᲻ѣǸ˻ˣܹžۣܹߵһ˲顣
ȻҲһЩԾѰ٣ѰԼˣѰԼֵѣĴԽԽ࣬ǵɫҲԽԽΪֹͣûгǳ֮ϵˣֻֽ
һ־Ǳӡڵ֮Уֱ´·֣ܳһ־ǣѾ
ֻʱ˭ҲϷϣǣģҵעҲȫʼע³ֵˡ
ڳˣԷĵ·ʵǿļ֮һ
һͬӸһˣһϮòӢЦһʽͨı֮ɢ˵ĺѹֵ˶ִĸо
ǵԷĳеߣ޵
ڷڣǺպ·ϣԽԽԽ죬𽥱ʿ֪
ȻѾϰֱĿΣ֮һɨˣֻǳŷļʿ˵ͷȻͶߵһԣԲʮ֮ڣӲûһ˸ҿ
֮ģǵ걻ǧ޵ͬеλƣһλĽ˶Ĵ󺺣ԵҪӵǿƣĿһɨ֮£ô˸оѹæͷȥҼĿӡ
꣬˽·ϵǿʿͳƣƶˣΪʿ֮ǿġ
ģһˣȻ˵Ĳ࣬ȴѾġ
Ѫ׷񻰡Ҷ
ֻʮǵҶʼڸ֮ԼĴʼͽĳԽ˵ƣΪ·ͷ֮ˡ
˵ƶѾ֣ôҶӦҲó˲Ŷԡ
ǵ˾ʮµʱҶȻӰⲻòʿд⣬ҶòǱĳ֮УѾȥ˰ɣ
ᣬҶѾԲµģ
һ˷ŭŮ˵ͻȻ˼æѭȥ˵һµŮӡ
˿Ů毺õ֮ŭ壬˫ۺݺݵĵǰǸһȵӡ
ܵͶĿ⣬ӵɫҲѿžһ£еĵҶֲˣôʲôˣҶҲһҪɵʿѣǿǿȥҿû׼ͱɱˣ
ͻȻһĹȼ⣬ӵʺ֮ͬʱһ𣺡Ҫٸ˵ҶһֵĻϷԶ
ӵɫ䣬ͷҲҶһ£Ծǿװ𾪵ĵ֪˭ҿԵ֮ġ
Ϸ򲻹ĸģ֮סϷĻξһ
Ӹоʺ֮ȼ뿪æһչԾȥ׶ԶſվһߣӵĿԼ
ҵ˭أԭŷĬëʲôʱҲҶĹˣߣˣ£
ӵĻ䣬һ£ͻȻе֮зɳĸӰ̽ŷĬΧ
˵ı仯Ȼ˶ǴһǳԾӵӡ
˭֪·ϳ˾߱ʸʿ֮⣬κ鶼޷룬ȻеӣԽ˲У˵ʵֻ߲ͣȻĲУķԸ
֪˭ˣ֮ң˵Ǽλɣһ˴ɽ͸ǼһЩ
ҲˣҴ꣬ư֮磬·ֻ˽УֻҲûһ˳ɣһ˵һ֮ӣΪ죬ӦþǴˣ
£ӣĸеˣǵ·ƽȥģΪҪɣȻϧ֮Уأɣ
ңԶҶܲˬֿˣŷĬŮӣһˣ


2322 ŭѷ
ȷʮֲˬ
֮磬ǽʵ֮еһڶ֮ϣܹ֮ʮ˳ɣ֮İ죬һ֮е֮ӣõ峤ȣѡλ̤·綼Ѿﵽ˵õڵļ峤Уܿ·ϵĹ򣬰ɡ
ôƣΪԼһ̤·ؽһˣ磬պҵߵţΪˣΪԼļ壬Ϊ֮磬Ϊ·ϵһ˵
ȻʵȴżĲ࣬Դ̤·ȻȷǻһЩǱ֮ˣȴǶǣ
ЩУһҶ֣ʱʱĶ֣߳Ķ䶼ҪˣȻҲҶޱȵ޺񣬺޲õ˵棬ȽݺݵһȻɱ֮ܽ
ʵԹޣ˵˾Ǽʣ
ʣҲ壬֮֮Уȷһͣ磬ʲôȱΨȱš
·ĵ磬ŵʵ̫̫ˣˣ̤·ȻʵѾʶԼΪʱһǴȴԾɲϳϣԼ֮ܿܿеһԱ
ʱΪ͵һûᣬΪԼ֮⣬Ӧò̫ܹ
ʵִ֤ˣվģнǧʿԾв۵һˡ
ǡʱ̸Ҷ̲ס˼䣬û뵽վԱߵŮӼķӦһ
ŷĬҲվ˳άҶҵһй;ҲһԼĻᣬԥĴٻԼλ峤ɱŷĬԼ
ŷĬۿΧԼˣû˿ľ⣬ʱһЦͻȻһʿȺ֮վߵŷĬߣֱֱĶҶʲôݣСܹģ
һ֮£Ц治֪ҶʲôôȻһôĸԸúúãҾͽͳͳץˣȻҶˣ
㣬ƾʲôץǣ·ҵĵ֮磡
Ȼһ˴ȺվߵŷĬߡ
ǣԼҲͰˣܵţҲãҶڴ˵ĻڿѾˣ
һʿվ˳

ˣ
һܹ֮оµĴھ𶯣ͿһߴӰ񱼣ÿһ£ͬһɽһ㡣
ֱֻӳ嵽ߣȻһİ
žһ챻һƸݺݴķ˳ȥʱ˲ſֵһƤ׳
׳Ҷѣҽɽԣ磬Ҫھͻ㣡
ĺãɽֵܣǻ֣û뵽ٶô죡
ʿ˳ֱվɽԵߣǼȻҪͦɽԡ
ҵλʱɫѾ÷ǳѿȻǵҪɣǿô˿վֻΪ컰֮жҶŲȻʶֻзˡ
Ͼŭѷ
ֻǣǣЩҶˣǰһĻе˼ΪĲ졣
Ҫ֪·ϣΪȻΪ֪·Ĵ֮ѵõŽҶȻܹôԲͬˣڹؼʱվΪ˵ϧ֮ң˵ΪˣȻŹ֮
ʱ򣬼ǵƶˣ¶˼֮ɫȻǵҶҪ˵ûкҶһµ뷨ҲǲܵģڣȴҪ濼һ£ҶǷҪһսˣ
Щ֮⣬Զ֮ͬվһȺˣΪ׵ľһ׷ԲԵߣߣҲվһȺˣֵǣ˵Ŀڿǵʱ򣬸κεͣɨһ¾ͻԶƿݷǾǲһ㡣
ȺУһЦǰ׷ߵϣСʦܣӻǷˮ𰡣
ȷʵɫֻǲ֪Ϊʲôֱڻûг֣ңֹеˣȻûг֣
ȺˣȻΪ׵İߣټҶĴʦԯ콾Լȭͺڰ
Ҳ̽·¾һãϧΨȱҪҶңʱѾ˾ʮ£ʮ¼


2323 ĺ
λĲվѾ߸ݶǱ߰˿ţǶǰһ˫˫ŵĿ⣬ȴֻǿаסеŭ
ЩάҶˣܹҶݵģɽԲ˵Ҷ֮󣬾ͷԼװеҩһƷĿռ䷨жҶ˸мȻЩ࣬ܿҶ⡣
ŮӺŷĬʮˣҶս֮УӹоȳģǽҶˣܹҶĻ
һЩˣҶͬдȻ塣
ȻûгˣȻ˵עҲʹƿû˽£ֻǽһСȥ㡣
ڣƵˣ˶ڵȴȴһ̣ȴŻûˣǳ֮ϡ
ȻͬʱԺ֮кȻһɣɱҶ
ͻȻ˶΢΢һ𣬵Ǻܿͼǲ֮ǰ·ʱһϲɫĵǰһ˰ɣҺֹɱҶһɱܶˣ
ҿ԰㣡
ǰʲô
ȻŰ裬ǲɵ֪ûѵͣ˿ϰԼôȻһЩ
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ֻһǰӹңڶҪһƻ꣡
Ѿ׼Ծԥӿ·ϵĹûЧ֪ңҲֻһѡ
һƻ꣬Ϊʿв֪ҪԵġ
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ΪҲ޿ɺǣңܹһ֮ԵʵİҲӦõġ
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ҵϵȫʿҪȸ֪꣬ȻһһѰҵضꡣ
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2324 Ұ
϶ȡ꣬ȡ߲һѪӣȫӦҪ㰡ħصĵ
ֻΪħ𣬷Ƕ˻᲻Ҳͬһк˻ǲ˾Ķڵ֮У
ħҡҡͷûУתǹ¶ûãҲûеӡ
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ħֽ꣬ʵ֮䣬ȴд֮ϵĵԹûһܹͬʱƿء
ܹôؽΪԽĴڣɵĻǻûʲôԪɵĻھǼԪɺ֮Ϊһ֪һɹɽϵĴڣ
תΪʵҶڵ˶ˣΪյǵ֮ʵϣյǻ֮
˸ħѪ۱˸ڣȻеһѪӣԼ˵ߣ˵ĿģѾԽԽˣ
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2325 ֹķ
һأĵʹﵽ˾Űپʮ֣죬Ҫץˣ
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2326 ʱֹͣ
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һĻɵ۶΢˿ΪҶȻѾɹĽļ䣬ôֻҪܹҵһȥɱôе⣬ӭж⡣
ȻҶܹ˳Ͼ˵ҶɲҶǵλ˫ת
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2327 
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뷨Ҷԥͬ˾Ų֮С
ǰͻȻֵ⣬Ҷ̲ס˱۾ٴ֣֮ǰһĭɵľ޴硣
ÿһĭȻʹһ硣
磡Ҷϲĵһǻ磬ֻڻڻûо죬еֻһһ磬֪֮󣬲Ż˿ʼ죬ѹַսڵΣһȻǵ˼֮յӣٳ˷ս
ͬʱǾŸ㣬ֳ˾Ÿ򣬷ֱ˾Ÿĭ


2329 ͵Ұ
֣
ʼעŵĵ̲סڵеٶԱˣ˵ʵѾʱ侲ֹ״̬Ϊʲôûѹ
ħЦŵٶȱ죬ͰʱľֹֻɣҪѣô׵£
ɵȴҲüͷȷԣʱ侲ֹܹ˼붼뾲ֹڵĿѾ˾ֹ״̬ô壬һͬҲӦ֮ѣǣԾԾ
ɵۺ͵ͬ뷨е㲻ԾȴҲ˵Ϊʲô
ĬĬĳ˼Ƭ֮󣬷𿪿ڵ᲻ᣬϵˣ
ϵ
᲻ͲµǻҶļѰתҲϣģʱ侲ֹܹȴҲѣĿľΪ˸Ҷȥ̽ת
Ļʱɵ۶ɫ䣬ȻǲԸϣʵϵȷпܡ
Ҳ˵ԼЩһŬʵ֮С
֮ɵ۳ΨһһλȫŵޱȣǾ֮ͨóı֮Ųߣ˲ٵĺͣ£һУȶѾ㵽ˡ
ڱͨʲôˣƺõģôҶ¾ҪΣˡħѾʼɱӿ֡
ΪĿ£ʵڳǵ󣬳ʵǿ֮⣬û뵽ıǷҲǸһȣڸһ֮ɵˣתȻǸеǳĲˬ
ϾҪ۵Ļڳ˭Ҳ󣬿ȴǾ׼֮󣬽һжŵĵˮ©ֻվɽ֮УεĿķչȴûֹ
ȻҲһ취ûУֻҪٵ·ôȻһж⣬ȻҲǵԲͬô޿֡
ʵ֤ȷˣѾչ̶ֳȣȻԸٵ·
ٵĻ˭Ҳ֪ʲôƻϾһȵҵеת±ʱôһоˡ
˼ѵľ֮ڷ֮ǰ뷨ɷͬٵ·Ҫȵȷʵѹ֮󣬱ϾҶļ֮УϧһдۣҲҪס˫𣡡
òˣ·ٵȻϾǵϣֻҪ˫ԾɻţôȻܹԿԪɣԪɵĿܣʵڲУպȵһг䶨֮¿ٳһ·
ˣٵ·ǰᣬǱҪ֤˫ҲҶܹ
ɵܲ²͸뷨Ŀǰ֮£ҲֻĬĬܣȻϣ˫ܹĻ

ҶüѿѪ;ͬʱ˷ֳһ˸㣬ȥ
ȻŸ֮ȻʲôžҶȴǽŸԪ֮ƣֱ˾Ÿ֮ϣܹӹ֮иоһɹɲһϢһĻ档
ȻЩȫͬϢħ쵱˵ľֶκһ飬;߱Ķ
һ֮УҶܵһͣһƺܹ㶼ҪƵͣ͵ԭĻ档
޷лֵ֮Σм֮ϣҶȴǿһĻĻվ۷壬վ۷壬վ۷ľ
Щֹĳţڹ㾹ȻбűƣҶҲЩ棬ľִҰģΪϴڣվͷƿҰģ
䣡
㾹Ȼը˿ͬǰһķѣϳһģΡ
ӰҶѾԿ϶Ұģյȷתĵ
ӰʧҶ֪ҰĵתѾɣת뿪˵ڶ㡣
뿪ǰһ˲Ҷٴοһͨ磬йʹһĳ֡磡
պΪԼԭˣû뵽ȻһĴڣ
ڶ֮УŵһɰһɰȺۣ£һеİ
ҶܵϢ֮ʱϲɵ¶΢ЦΪİǣ
ӵ޾ҰģǲɷϣҲȷӵǣǣת֮󣬾ͳΪħ죬Ѫ֮
ȻҶȻ󲿷İȴмϤʱҲϳˣ磬Ѫ磡


2330 һ
֮дϢҶ˵ͬΪϤԪ֮ƹԪֳ֮һɱ֮Ļ棬ҶԿ϶㣬ľս⣡
ܹΪһ֮£֮ϵһȻСսȻҲսκ˶Ҫǿ󣬶ҪŨ
ҲΪӵ˿ֲս⣬Ĵʥս죡
һ֮ս죡
ɵսʧҶͬɨһµ磬֣ͬԺ
սʤ磡
ս޲ʤһ磡
ѪҶŵĸ㣬һ㣬Ԫ֮ƵӰ֮£ݶһɷϢ
⣡
һޣʵʱ¼һж޼᲻ݵ
ͬҲΪڽϵǿ⵽ײʱ򣬾ȻɱһĽ⾹ȻҲ˳ӶתΪĽڣ
磬ҶԺ֮гֳ֣ǽڽ磡
첻ڣزڣ˲ڣڣڽ磡
ĿǰΪֹĸתĴڣҶѾ֪ģʣ֮УһͬѾ֪֮⣬ĸǵΪֹ³Լ֮⣬û֪תˣ
˵Ự˿ҶУڴҲΪȷʵ֪ĸתΪʲô飬ǣҲҪʣĸת֮УѡһɱöԷ𣬴Ӷ׵ֹܹ»ָΪ
ϣĸ֮Уһ׼ĴڣһУȴңĴڣĻͲҪκεԥֱֽɱɣ
ڴì飬Ҷ׷˵㣡
Ҷеǣ㣬˸Ҫһ㣬ȴҲ޷϶
֮УȻһƬޣȻҲһƬڰǺǰĺڰҶĸоȫһĪľ֪ޣǵĺڰ
޲ûгãܿоͳһƬȻеǺԪ
ΪֻǸоͻ棬Ҷ޷жЩʲôֻιע֮Уʲôı仯
¡¡
Ҷƺ˾֮ͿЩֳ֣һɿΪʣΪӯģһɿΪʵΪصģȴڻ½
һһ½֮ľԽԽԽԽԶҶԹߣڴʱ˿̧̣ͷ޷ϷͷҲ޷·
ָо֮䣡
֮䣿ҶΪԼðֵ뷨еɻ󣺡ʲôȻܹ͵صĸо
Ҷͷոת꣬ͻȻ֮䣬ͬһð㣬Ҷ֪Ǵðγֵġ
ЩҶϳˣʲô㣬ÿһ㣬һǳ
ת֮䣬֮䣬ͳǳ飬貣Ѥޱȣ쳣
˳еǣ֮ҶȻȻ򣺡ԭҲ֮ҲתΪʦУ
ȻҶԼˣǲ֪Ϊʲôһ˿Լ˵ɻֱը۳һģεʱȷΣӦþԼʦ֣С
ֻǣΣҶĹ֮мУƺһЩͬ
ͬʱ֮תɵƣҲǽҶԺ
ֵ֣
Ҷҡҡͷٶ룬Ҳٹͣ˵㣬ϾЩתĶɲ֪ĴڣҲܻΪʱŪͬץʱ䡣
ѪҶʱҶıȴüͷΪղܵĿռ֮Уоһ˿΢Ĳ
˵ڵ񣬵ȴļҶԹԪ֮ģҶԼ֮⣬κ˿ԺһУҶҲܣϾֻһιȥļ䣬ڣǸܵɲȴҶӿ˾衣
òǵҪӾֹ״̬֮ѳˣ
Ҷ۲˰֮κη֣ŶΪղŵĲпܲļĲԼʵеСˣ
㣬һĭ磬֮д̱ǵζҶ̲סüͷ˵ӹ֮дһɹɱŰϢ޲̼Ҷ
ҿѪұĻɱŰ¶ܹ΢Ӱ쵽ң
ҶңΪѾ³㲢򵥵ǱŰһ棡
Ҷӿһ˿ϲãȻһ棬ôת֮󣬱ȻҲᱣֶԼɱĿ꣡


2331 Ψһ
Ҷеʿ̤·ѾʮʱˣȻ·Ȼûйرգĸ֮Уڵĸ統УֻҪ̧ͷȻԿ֮ϵǿž޴ǳǣȴҲûκʿȥ̤С
ʮʱ䣬·ϵʿ˵ȫжΪÿ춼ҪͬĵһͬĵأǶ·֮˵ʱ䣬ǼΪˣ
վ⣬ĬĬעǰʱĲϼ֮ţȴʼ޷һġĪ磡
Ҷ֪Ҳ޷󣬵ڻ˷ΪӪʮξ֮Уʵһξľʵ
ʱصʮǰŵ֮Ѫۣعţһ̤·ˣعŽ֮ûãһӰԶҴҸѾΪĹ֮Ī磡
Ī֮ôŸϵ·ΪСݣֱǰ˴쵱İԴľַΪҶռдԪ
ЩԪʵԶԶСݺĪҶ·ȡԪҪ٣Ī絢̫õʱ䡣
˰˴ڵԪ̸֮·ȲҪȥ׷ԼɷҶҪžۡ
Ȼû뵽ǣ˿վǰľȻزȱʬ壬ԼһڿеССˮ
ĪѾǵԱ֮ûеŮӣȻЩʬڶ࣬ûк£ȫӶֱǸˮ˹ȥ
ΪˮУĪоϤϢԼɷҶϢ̽еʱ򣬸ǿ;ʥأ
ʥز֮Уеɶھʥ֮УиĸĸϢ
˵ʵһ̣Ī緢ˮܵʱ򣬲ͻ˹ȥΪΪҶѾʲô⡣
ȻĻ¼ʲô飬ܹƵҶΪӺ˺ͼңôط
ʱǰȲϼ֮УͻȻ߳һµӣ
ӿĪ磬Ҳ΢΢һǿĪŵǸˮиһ˿ţȻ¶΢Цĵ£ʹǣ
ҽĪ磬£Һ֣
Ī磿Ҷӣ
еĽʧ٣Īѯʣ͸Ī磬й·ϵһЩҲ֮ǰҶΪ˲еܵвӲԱһĴۣŽȫ˳ϧԼȴǲܹ˻أֻˮƯ
µĻĪ粢ûȫţΪȻҶ޷˻ô֪һУδ·˻ģ
Ϊūһ壬רŸΪ˿·ҲˣҲҪʿһߵţܳΪˣֻǱʿӵиȨ֮⣬ӵһܹ뿪·Ļᣡ
µĻشĪ绹û취ţΪȻֻӵһν·ĻᣬΪʲôҪôĻʱֻΪ˸Լһ
ҲΪⷬģǻ취Ҫˮȫĵطģû뵽㣬ȻҶӣôȻʲˡ
㣬ΪʲôҪҶ
ΪҶⱲӽĵһҲΨһһѣ
˵֮³ĳ˿жһصİһ¶ɵЦݣĪʩһ񣬱תٴ̤ţĪӰ
գĪҲṳ̂ţңҲ룬ܡ
Ҫˮ˺޹飬ȴҶĻ
һȣʮʱ䣡
Ȼ죬ͻȻӿһǿҵĲܹ֪ɲԼȻ·еɷھ˶ݵԥ֮ˮգȻСݺĹȻʮţ

Ҷڴ㣬ȻоǹϢΪҶ֪һתΪ˭Ȼ޷ǰ漸һǰ³ǵݡ
ˣҶֻܵŹը۳һӰӶ֪ת֮ݡ
ΪеİҶ˿̵ʮֲʱµͬǰ޵һ㣬˶硣
һתṳ̂·Ҳæ֣͵磬ȻɱֹܳΪ󣬾ֹ·ıܽһеˣ
ҶԽԽ˷ܲѣѾɱһתɱ˵һ
䣡
ҶڴĹ㣬ը˿Ź㣬ʼ۳һģ״
һ̣Ҷһξʱƺޱߵǵ״𽥵Ĺ̵Уе˷ܣһʧϵı飬Ҳһ㶼ء
ҡԴиܣܣԲŪˣһŪˣұ˭˽ôһ棬żżûճΣжϻ˵㣬϶ģ


2332 ʧĵڰ˸
ʱ˿̣ҶѾԼεأܵһУԼǰڳ־ɣȫǰǼȫεĹ֮ϡ
ʵȻ㻹δճΣѾһµⲢһΡ
ֻĶ䣬һͻͣһ˫Ѫ֮Ѫɫ۾⣬һͷǵ״
ҶӲòȡˣûзı뷨Ѻֵܣ֮⣬ȻҲޣкϵΪУʶ˳ʶʶĪ绹ҪʱⱲĵһѣֵܣһͷǣ
һͷŸ߰Ų־һ޺ħѪԵĺǣ
ҶҲԸţһ棬ȻתΪǣ
ȻǵȷɱȷŰĵ⣬ʿĿУǵҲ׼ĴڣҶȴǱκ˶Ҫ˽ǡ
ǾԲɱ޹Բȥʮ֮£ȫմϱߣ
ܣͷǵ״Ҷ˷·Ѿɵһзȥֻ߶֣ܣܣܣ
໣
ڣֹۣͣԿһ˶ͷԼǳѪͱŰ˫ۣ޲Ϻǵ
ܣ
ͷʧͬʱҶҲ췢һŭ𣬾ʵǰ޷ţɲԸϣһ棬Ȼת˺ǣ
ڱ˵ķŭʧ̬ѪҶֻƽĿһۣȻ߻ߣΪ׷ѰѾɣʣģǾҶˡ
ɫƽû˿仯ѪҶԼܵӰ죬ҶҲƽ
˿ĵҲһתΣ˵Ϊ񣬾˶£ҲԲɱżתҲ֮УŸʱɱĿ꣬ԣ˭ҶҪ֮ѡһɱ
ⷬҶڰοԼڸԼű֤֮ԴеѣΣò˵Ǹͷĳ֣ʵ̫̫𺳡
߸֮еϢҶоůͬǱԡһ㣬ȻҲò̾˿ӣתΪ˭Լ޷ɱˡ
Ϊ߸㣬Ƶһ棡
ûκ飬ǴĶҶţ֮Աƣе飬ģֻܵɳĻΧˣԼһЩصӰ죬ŻʧȥԭеƣӶıȡ
ˣЩУԾƵһ棬ͬһ
ҰģĶҶŸոռʶѾΪһˣеĻҶ϶µУԱӵһٰʮС
ǣҶǰģƣȴҲ˵ʵůůġ
ȻƵһת϶ҲӵԸӵõ飬ҶܶԷ˭²ȥɱԷ
ˣֻҪһת˭
ըʼۡ
ҶЦݣȻδΣѾ֪ת˭ˡ
Ȼ⣬ȻҲתԸһУȷƵһ棡
һû¶òҲܹоԷضӵ֮ɫŮ˵Ρ
ѩ裡
βѩ
ԭ貢ֻ꣬Ǻһˣֻεֻת֮У֪ôΪһֻβѩʲô飬ƣȴʼδ
ѩڵ磬ͬѩһȻѩ磬ȥһ޾İɫŴ֮⡣
ҶȻԼǰûעһתڵ硣
ҲҪˡ
Ҷҡҡͷھ֮󣬼˵ڰ˸㡣
ڣٴαýΪĿǰΪֹ߸ת˵֮⣬żΪĹϵȥɱ
Ҳ˵Ҫת֮䣬ѡһɱݲȥκɾܾ
ڰ˸㣬һĭ֮УȻʱҶüͷȴΪŹ֮УȻûиоκεϢ
۾ܹŹ㣬ôҶĸоŹǲڵġ
ҶͷոʱͻȻ䡱һڰ˸ֱը˿
ûǰЩըĹһС۳ĳ״ľֱը̻ͬһ㣬еĹ㣬ڱ֮󣬳׹˺ڰʧ٣


2333 һ
ڰ˸㾹Ȼֱըʧ٣˵һ㣬ûתΪһȫµĴڣתĹ̵Уֱˣ
ҶעѾû˿ڵ磬ȫ޷ʲôԭ򣬵һʧ
Ҷ֪ʱ˿̣һ˫۾Ҳͬǳ𾪣עǰһС
ѵ˵ֻת˰˸ΪľŸҶԺ֮ð뷨
ǣΪʲôˣΪһתʦܿ϶תȷǾŸеһҲڿѰʣתҲ˵ǾŸתѵŪ
˵ֻǸо˾ŸתʵϣһתȴǸδɹѾը
ҶֻԴԽԽңԭΪ̽ѰļҵľŸתȻѡһɱһܼ򵥵飬ڿȴ൱鷳һ顣
ΪⱾͬתΪһĵڰ˸ȻΪ˱

ֵðҶȻһΪ뵽˳һֱԼǸʦҲΪ
ѵڰ˸㣬ת˳
ܣҶܿԼ뷨ΪĿ̣ǰ߸תζǴͬģʵû˵ڰ˸ͷ⣬ҲԿ϶ڰ˸ʵʵڵʧ˿պ۳ΣӶת
οÿ֮УҶܸоһɲͬϢΨڰ˸֮УԼʲôûио룬ƺڰ˸㣬ʲôûдһտһ
ܣ
Ҷ޷ĳط˵Ƕ߲ɣȻɵ۲²ʼնûȫ뵽ʱ侲ֹ״̬֮Уǳᣬ͵͵ĸҶߣۿļѰԼʼδֵת
ҲΪʲôҶʼһ棬ʼղҲֹκɱԭΪԷһҪҶԼѰҵת䣡
Ȼɵ۶֪ҪֹΪ󣬾ͱҪɱһתôȻеϵ˶ҪżżѰҵתӶȫɣںϳ
ǰҶ߸תҶΪ𾪵ĺǣʵڵ֮Уû˿ľȡ
ڣⱾóֵĵڰ˸תȴըУȻҲԽܡ
ԣԲԣܹо֮⣬а˸תڣǶúõĻ֮ϣôܻһأ
˵ʵӣ˿ҲеԺˣ֪һתһֻа˸תȫںˣǷܹ±
⣬ҲҶĿǰڿǵģһתֻа˸ת˸תȫںϣǷҲ޷±ǲζţҿԲȥɱеκһأ
ʵĻǶҶ˵һֽѣٲ˾ˡ
ҶûжʱȥˣΪһˣ
ھŸ㣬Ѿһĭ֮УͻȻ֮䣬ȴֵת˷򣬳ĭԼʶһԸת統С
仯Ҷɴջ˾Լ𣬽ڵھŸ֮׷˹ȥ
һ׷ȻǴʱȥˣƺ֪˸Լ󣬶ƺʮֲԸⱻ֪תټϵһһвϴУʼվûҪͣĴ㣡
ҶȻҲżȴѹԼ飬ͬʱĬĬĸ֮дϢ
ϢΪķӣζӳһУҶеǣԼӵϢȻһϤĸо
⣬ʲôϢʲôأУҪתĸ磿ѵ״̬֮£ӵԼʶҪѰҵһתĵطⲻܰǰ߸ɹתĹ㣬ȫʶģ
Ҷһ߽׷ᣬһпٵתͷ
û뵽תȻһδƽһһֱתʧܣһȴͬϷˣҶһҶϵڻڵڶвϵĴС
ҶżҶҪżǵڰ˸֮⣬߸㣬·ϣҲļ֮£ֻҪԸ⣬ʱԽץԼߣɡ
ھŸ㼸ڵжתһ֮ڣ뵽һ統Уͣ
ͣˣҶһȻ꣬ȴֶȻ˻ȥΪȻ硭
ǡ磡


2334 峤
ˣ
ȫֹ·ϣͻȻһƽĴ󺣵ľͷһСС˻
Ȼ˿˻С΢ֻҪǰò˶ãͻγһˣ
ôڻ˴·
ɵڽܵ𾪺⣬Ѿ֮ܺ͡
ʱ˿̣Ѿǿֹͣʱŵ·ϣǷ֣Ȼֳһʿ
ʱ侲ֹһֺ棬ҲܴĵݲðĴţֵʿܵʱ侲ֹӰ죬ΪóȻͨ಻ϵӣӶӰ쵽·ֱ״־ֹ״̬
˭ɵ۶ո̤ţȻϴһ˿ãȻ˫֮ȴ͸һɾ֮Ůӣ
Ȼüͷϣôоǧ޵Ϣѵǧ޵ĺˣ
ǿɵۣԪɶǰĲ֮£Ҳ޷֪֮з飬Ȼ֪ʱ˿̣·ŮӵݣǿеλתҶӣĪ磡
ɵۼ˭ʱ·ܿʱ侲ֹ״̬һжָûʱ俼ˣҪһݣҪɱ󣬾ͱڻٵ·
ǡ
ȻԥΪҶûдļ֮뿪˿̻ٵ·ôп֮ɥһպˣ½ԶƿԪɵˡ
ٵ·ȵʱ»ָţеһ˺ﶼָҲ̿ʼ˸Ǹʱɵ֣һܹɱպ˵ˣԪҲһҪĽ£οԸҲ֪Ҫɱ飡
ְɣ
ʱ䲻ˣڻһ֮󣬲òͬ飬ھͳֻٵ·
ȻʱħͻȻһȵȣ쿴ʲô
ո̤·Ī磬ȻµĿе֪һЩ·ϵĹ򣬵ǱϾǵһν룬ȫ֪ȴԼĽʲôΪҵҶҲη塣
ھ˶ݵã֮Ī̾˹һУһ޴ޱȵɽ
ɽȻĹ
ɽ磬ǵĹȻҲɽԪɽϢԸܵ·Ӱ죬ƽµĪһ롣
ĪҪĹʼԼ·֮á
ҲΪĹĳ֣õʮħ˳æֹ˵ж
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ִռ䣬һֱ쵽յƺ֮ϣ죬һѾͽһ峤ץУһӲק֮
ңħ뿪ˣȻû뵽Լȴһץǿǰħ֮⣬Ȼ𣬷Сɵ۵ʱ򣬵嵽ˡ
ԼһЩʥޣȻͬǵɽ֮УǼȷɣҲԪɣǶڵ壬˵ĻǱ
Ȼڵ޵еĴڣɽȴˣǲòǿ֮£˵
ˣԭͳǵɵ۾ȻҲʱȻһķ⵽ô¡
ĸԭˮݵˣȻվһ𣬶עԼ
Ȼɵ۶ûȥЩ飬ħ𼱼ĵ쿴ǲһĹ
ǵĹٴһӴ嶼̲ס뾹ȻǵĹǽˣòҪһɣ
Ի겻ļħһݺһԴŭʲô쿴
ǣ
æ˹ȥſĪƯŵ޴ɽ㶺⣬⣬ϢˣǶǰǧɵ縺ػļǵĹɣ
ħͷһĹУ㣬ûа취СŮϵϣӦĹε˰ɣ
ǵʬ廹ĹеĻǾܹϵϣԿ
ԣ
·Ϸһ飬Ǻ֪飬ȻҲ֪ΪʲôħԼϵڵĹˣеǷǳϣŮ޶ܹĹܹһˣʬҲã뵽ɽ
ҶϾɽ磬һļң


2335 ֮
𣡡
Ĺ֮У׼Ĺ֮ʼصĪ磬ͻȻһ
Ĺ֮еˣȫۼһ𣬲֪ʲô飬ĪƬ֮λζֱӳ֮أ
ʱ˿̣֮еʬƲʣȻȫӿǻһ㣬ϵƶıλãβһ޴֮ǴĿз
ţתԴĪ磬ſԣɽһ峤СŮޣǺˣ
ĪǰһĻ𺳣еġɽ硱֣ȴܿæĪ磬Ĺ֮
СŮޣȻΪĹ֮ôֱӽɽ磬·Ƚϸӣ򵥵˵һҶʿںһת֮
ĪֱӴ˼ĻҶǰ˵Ҷҵɷôˣ
Ҷӣ
ɵۣԼȫסˣίʵûϵڹؼʱ̴·ŮʿȻҶӣ
ħеãȻ૵ĵ˫ת֮Ȼˣ
𼱼ĵŮ޶Ҫκεܹʱ侲ֹ״̬ƣ취ҶӣҶļ֮УһĹа취ܹﵽҶû׼ܹ·ڲǲµķӡ
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Ȼǵ⣬ɵ˵ޱȵĺڰˣ뵽·Ľ޴ı仯ˡ
һ̣ɵ۱ͣɫ˵һԡ
΢һͬһ˺ռ䣬ֱӽѾӡȫΪǧޣٴ
ĽĴ¾˵һ󣬵ǧ޵ǧޣʲô취𣿡
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ܹҵ֮𣿡
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һҧĽǶѾܹܣοڻһתζҪһ£Ǿأ
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Σֵöһˣ
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ǼͽĪ磬ĪȻҲ޷˵ĴӦ
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Ҽǵãʦ֮Уȷᵽ£˼Ҵߵ֮꣬ڡģ
ڼ֣Ī粢İΪػ֮Уػʱģʮ֮ã
գڱʱħڶνĹߣֻ
Īת䣬һƲʾѾԶƮǰǼķĹ
۸Ӧһ£Īȷ˼Ȼûʲô𻵣΢˿һٵһˣôֻҪ껹ûɢôɹһ룡
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ΪĹ֮ԶĹ֮һĲ£ҲĪпҵꡣ
οڵҶħµŵʱ򣬾һ󵨵Ĳ²⣬ܿܣħۺͼҲ˺ϻ꣬ôֻҪħ۲ҲӦܹ
ͬҵ䣬ôҲҵħ䡣
ħ죬ԼɷʦĪҲʮڴܹλ˵еĴҪǣҵ˼ңĪӵ˿κĶ
û֪ʱ˿̾ܿǿޱȵĪ磬ȴǳ


2336 ھŸ
ǣ磡
Ҷ׷ǵھŸ㣬뵽һ֮ϳˣȻԼļ硪磡
Ϊļ֮УתʱҲǰԴʱڵż𣬵ʥ޵Ĵ½ȴҶһ۾ܱϳ
Ȼ߸תҶǶŽҳΪʦֵܣΪֵܣ߸ת֮أȴ硣
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ת˭ʶ𣿿ǲ˭ҪѡɱһתĻֻˡ
Ҷһͬһж췢һתǧҪԼĺѻˣ¶ԷǸ֮ˣǸҺ֮˶ԣ
ھŸ㣬ѾͣĿǰûж飬ԭʼ״̬Ͽգƺ˼ǷҪתΪԼȫĿʼ
ھŸ㣬ҶǳǸεģΪĻתʲôڣԼС
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֮⣬ҪǣҶ֮иܵǹϢǹɰͬ˼̬һϢϤ
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⾿ʲôΪʲôֵĸоأ
Ҷڵȴ֮вϵ˼ţȴʼ޷ͨеĹؼ
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֮£ֳֻܷһעȥ߸תǸΪŹֵĵڰ˸ת
Ÿתֻ˰˸һʧȫʧȥתĿܣתȴֿ϶ȷžŸת⵽ô£ѵҿ©һ
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ײɾŸˣײ֮뿪ػɽ磬ΪֹȻֻоŸ㡣
һҰģתɵ񣬵ڶİǣתʦս⣬תʦս죬ĸĽ⣬תʦ־ڣ֮תʦС
ҶȻԼĿõת̵ʱӿһЩɻ
ֵŴԼ͵ظоը۳ɵǸΣԼɻ
ǸȻʮǺҼеİʦ֣һ˿˿ĲͬУ㣬˸㣬Ҫһ㣡
οתɵİʦУڵʱУԾûг֣ҲǼΪŹ֣ת֮ʱŹ֣ת֮Ź֣֮⣡
ҶٴϸĻ䣬տȷ֮У϶Լδ׵Ķ
Ҷ׼Լ뷨˼ʱʼͣڿвĵھŸ㣬ڶˣ
ֻǰ߸һֱըҲڰ˸һʧǻһ׹⣬Ȼ·Ļ硣
Ҷæ׿һλζ䣬󣬳ȥ
䣡
ըγһƬĿİ׹⣬â֮УһףҶĿס
׾ȻԶǰ߸۳ɵ״ҪĶࡣ
һòͨˣȴǴϲõЦݣЦݷĳħһҶĶڿЦݵʱľȻҲͻȻͳϲ֮顣
ͻȻı仯Ҷһ˿鵹ǵȷϲãǵھŸת𣡡
ΪˣҶԿ϶ԼδȻҪȥɱһӵ˲ЦݵˣҶȻ̣ǣǰһˣûκεĽһİˡ
̫ˣ֪ھŸתˣֻҪ֪ͨ취ҵˣṳ̂·ôȻڣңҲÿԳô˻ᣬ磬Ƿƽ
Ҷ֪ԱһΪ۱ƳŵˮѾĪõػʮֱ֮꣬ǰŽ֮С
Ҷ׼ת˳ʱȻһĻ벻ˣ
ЦݵˣȻģȥȴɢΪ֮£ҶһףΣ


2337 
ھŸ㾭ʱ֮ըֳһЦݵ˵ףҶΪӦþһķȻû뵽֮£ȻһڳΡ
ѵתҶɻĵǵܹΪʲôһʧ£תȻǾŸˣ
Ҷʱ򣬹֮УǸ˵Ѿʧȡ֮һ˵ס
⣬ŭ壬ȫµ˶Ų֮һ㣬һΣҶڿ˶ԷʱľȻٴӰ죬һķŭ
ҶüͷѾ嵽һ𣺡ôˣΪʲôôܵתӰ죿ղǸ˵ЦҲŸˣ˵ŭݣҲŷŭھŸתԸѡɱת
ҶΪھŸת˳ɵʱͬһĻȻٴγˣ
ŭɢͬʱ·һڻۣ
ҶĿɿڴעǰһĻʵǲھŸתΪʲô࣬ǰ߸㣬һתھŸǴҶ֮ڷĲϴУںò磬ۿڿʼתʱ򣬾ȻֳΡ
ܲתɣ
ҶֻԼԴҪըˣԼڱھŸϷˣĸоȽȽ
ȻʼβҶĬĬעһеĵҲǺҶһǰһĻ׹ͷԡ
۳εףһŮӣ಻Ϊ㣬ֻȴʼմһǳüĿ֮䣬ǻ֮ȥɫΪƽ˼ζ
ǰһҶڿǳŮӵʱĵķŭ˲ͱȡϵ鶼ŮӼΪơ
ʱҶȴǼһͷŬҪץסȴδץסʧ֮ۡ
ھŸתȻûнǼ仯
ǳŮӱһ˫ü̧ͷ죬һ˫۾֮г֮̽ɫƺһ˼ĳֲܵõ𰸵һ
飬ҶΪϤΪ֪Լ;¶
˼ʧ֮ȡ֮һŨŨ˵ߣǹɱ֮飬ƺԤʾһ̫ĲңҶǱһᣬ̲ס˳
̱֮󣬳ֵһСŮޱȿɰвľǣŮĵƺСʼմһֻֿţ˫۾֮УǽĵĿ־壬¶һš
߸ֵģˣһֻѩ׵ӣȻӵϰ˵ǿκα飬ӵ˫֮УҶȴܹܵһɾţӵܣʱһֻһ
ʧ֮Ҷǰİ׹ľȻκζۣǰ׹Ҳδʧƺת̣Ȼδ
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ˣֵ߸ףָĵھŸתΪ߸ת֮ߴ
һתΪһЦݵӣ
ڶתΪһŭĴ󺺣
תΪһŮӣ
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ҶȻЦˣѹһõھŸ֮еǹϢζӳɣ̲ͬ˼̬һѹһϢǳϤ
ҶҶȻȱһ꣬ѵȸ֮𣿡
ϲŭǡ˼֡鹲еа
ھŸ֮еĶ飡
Ϊȸ򣬸Ķ֮ıϣҲܿھŸתУÿһתɵ
飬ת֮һϲŭ˼־УôȻⲢյһת˭أ
һ̣Ҷץס˸ղԺһŵĶ
ȻҶѾ˵ھŸתеһ֮ǰƬѤõİ׹֮Уٴθֳһס
ףȻδȫΣҶȴȻԺ֮иͬͬʱը죬һƬΪѾԼµתΪ˭
㣬ȻĵھŸת
ҶŵĿǰ¶ףݷܿһ㣬ĵȥ


2338 ɱ˭
ǿǰҶ¶˵֣ǾҶԼҲ޷ϣ֣ˣʵϣʼӡ

Ҷ˼˲䴩ʱգص˵绹ûл֮ǰص˵ʧҪѰҵԼĵʱ
ʱ緢˽ҪɱҶȻҲʱҶȻ뿪˼ңȥ磬ȥѰԼڤڤ֮ҪѰҵĵ
ǵúһΪСӣ̸һΪ˵ĸףԼΣգ˷бܶĿ־壬Ӳһ˹
ΪҶܵһ飬ϣΪȡСѰ˼ָԼѰ
ϵʮƽҶ˲ٺ˶ʩᣬһЩֹеŮӶУһΪŮӣһУҶǺЦܡ
ΪҶС˰꣬Ȼϵľǿ͵Ӱ֮£һٲ٣ҲΪŨΪɱ֮û֮֡
һȺܵʿĻԺԥĶӽɱȻҶУǸϻʱϵȴѾ˴롣
ҶľķĹΪǱ˳ȻҶһУҲδķ
ҶаĽ֮⣬Ǹʱǹ¿꣬ͻȻҶٴγ֣ȻҪҶߣȴҶܣʵ棬ԼѾӡ
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仰УҶ֪ӵ츳ģڣԸԸ̤֮·
ʱӦôҶԻԥĽΪӣԴ֮·
ϧܾˣҶĴȥΪʱҴľǸı°һȫµıǰҪõĶݡ
ҶڶѯʷǷҪУȴԾɱܾҲܾҶҪĨȥһοѼ뷨ԸЩ䣬Լһ
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ϣܹӵҶͬΪתĴڣӶܹΪһϵ
飬飬ԭĵھŸת
ҶĻ䵽Ѿ˹ڷһС
ԭڳ˼ϲŭ˼־֮ѡ飬е飡
Ҷ֮ǰĵھŸתĲ룬Ȼȴζ뵽һתȻŰ꽻Ҫ̤֮·һƽŮӣ
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2339 ·
Ҷ֪֪ĵھŸתѾΪķʱͬѾۿһУ
ֻ񲢲˽⣬Ҷ飬йһνΪǸʱڣҶǴڵ֮κ˶޷ҵ
ܵڰ˸ĪʧҲõɻ󣬵ڼȻѾ֪һתڵòôҪģȻҶһҵŮӣӶɣԼܹΪ
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·˵˵ȻҪɵˣ֮ǰ֮Իͬ⽫ԪתĿģҲϣٵе·жٳɳΪ˵Ŀܡ
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2340 ֮
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Ĺܹ𣿡
˭ôĵӣȻҹĹ
ͬʱĪͷϷλĹ񹥻ҪȥħǰԼģ
£Ϳһֻ޴Ļ˶ȻԼǰȼյĻ澹ȻԼоһ˿ȡ
˵ֻһȣʱڵγһƬ𺣣θȫû
ʱס֮󣬻̻һ⣬Ȼһֻе졣
ЦȻӻ֮д˻֮ҲңԲ
һɳˮͻȻ˷ӿֱֶŻ𺣹ȥ
ͬʱһֻȫˮɵľ޴ƣȴŻץ˹ȥȻ˻֮ôҲ˷ˣ˰ɣ
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ֱӾͽ˸ץסһ֮£˻Ī磬˿̵˫ԲɣкȻɻ棬˫ֲϵĽһӡǣ֮𣬽Һۣ
£ڱе·ϣȻˡءɵۿʮЩȻδǳ֮ڣȻͬʱһɹɻ֮ƣǿ֮У۳һֻǧǳľ޴ˡ
βǰˣԴþڵھŰپʮſǳϷ
˫һչзеͬʱһɻ·ǳ
ʱǳһĻ󣬲õɫ˱仯ɵ۶¶ɫ
ħĵŮ޶ҵԸ˫εס𡭡


2341 ֮
Ϊ˶Ըһ񣬾ȻԥٻǳеĻ棬ȥһǳΪҶǾģĪȴĳ
ĪԸǺˬ֮׷ӽҶΪ˾ħ죬Ϊ˶ԸȻǽԼΪǿʵʩչ˳
ĪҲĽһǳȫյǳܻ𺣰Χͬʱ˫ֿʼϵı仯ӡ
֮
ȡıܻ֮֮дһαѣһŻ۳һͬʵʰ
˲Ĺл澹Ȼ۳һǳʣĻ棬ȴٴ۳һֻˣ˵
ԭĪǽǳֹߵͬʱҲԸõĽӳʵҪˡ
ʱ·ʱ侲ֹ״̬ѾȫƣжʿȻҲȫ˹
һѾͿ׳۵ľݺύبܿռ֮һȼյľ޴סǡ
ô£ʲô
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˭ôȻû潫ȫΧѵ𣿡
ĪĪҶӣֵˣǵ񣡡
ʱһȻ˶˲Ŀ˵֮ˡ
һһϮ°ɫɮ۵Уʵϴ˿̲֮ɫ˫εĶſеĴս

ǻķӰ˵ҶǺѣԭҲɹĴ˵أ뵽
ϳ˺еݣͬʮ·ȵİ
Ҷһڵһʧ֮ǰŴһأ׼ǳʱȴΪܵʱ侲ֹӰ죬˹⻷֮УողŴӹ⻷̤֮
һ˳ֵģԣվһһѪˣˣܶʿľ뵽Ҷ
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Ȼתͷ˵ɣҴߣұߣΣ
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ڿУ徹Ȼڼٶͱ󣬻һɫľֻϸĻ֮ᷢ϶һľͷ
ʥľ壡ڹսһ峤һ⺢ӾȻܹһʲͬ찡ֻϧ࣬Զ޷壬ӣѾˣ
°ɫɮڷƮȴǲһ̤Уֻÿһ̤֮ͻһȺ༫Ϊ顣
ӵϵǰֻܹ˰˲˲Ȼֳ˰顣
һǧÿһ϶ɢŨŨɱǰһֵһͷ޴ͷڵӣͬɱһ㡣
˲ڣ
¶̾СС;Ȼٻȫİ˲Ȼֻãѵãѡ
ȻʱǸͷڵӺȻתͷһۡ
һۿƺûκε壬Ƕڷ˵ȴ׻һ㣬嶼Ҳ˿ûʶԼʧָ̬ǸѾתͷȥڰǸӵܸоңʵģ֮
ʣɵ۶ɻ˳ŷָȥħͷȷʵģʵԶԶңϺУ㲻ôɣ
ҡͷǲǲ֪˲ڣԭΪһַ֮ͨͨ۶һִڣЩˣڣڣλ֮Ȼģ
ΣҲǲףҲ˵˲ڣ֪Ƿ޵Ļ񣬵ǼģΣ
˿ƽԼ˲ڣǲڵ֮УҲɽ֮Уôǵ״
⣬ʱöɵ˷𾪵ԭҪ֪ǶѾˣʿ֮ΪǿĴڣȻǵ۽磬ǵ˼룬֪յĶҲԶκġ
У·£磬·ϣһɽ硣
ǵ磬ɽԺǵƿ֮£ȻͻȻðһȺ޵İ˲ڣȻĿǰ֪ĸ֮⣬Ҳ˵ʵڣ
ɵ۳ŵ㻹Ȼδ֪磬ͨЩ˲ڵʵǲƲǸʵɽҪԲΪǡ
û˵УȴǶɵ۵˵ÿɷΪɵ۲Ƿޣ֪˲ڣֻǷ޵Ļ񣬶֮ϣΪǿĴڣ
ܹٻ˲ڣҾȻ֮ĳ֣ݡ


2342 
ɻ˲ڣĪٿػ棬ֹͬʱ嵽˵ǰ
е˼
¶һ˿֮ɫȻδ˵ĹסĪֻˮ۳ɵƣȴò˿
ĪɣȴԾڿδٿػŵȥ
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϶Ȼâͬ۳ɲֱͬӭ˳ˡ
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âͬʱڣɵѾŵӣȻѾɹĽħֽʵ֮ĵˣ
âȽȽ̫һǰһУͬޱߵĺڰ׵ıâ˺˿
Ʋɵ
飡
ֱӱһâȫɢĪһѪεɶݺݵײĹ֮ϣ
˲ڣͬȫɢһâ֮Уֻ֮ӹâ֮˳ɫ԰ףĵˣ
ʥĸ壬ڹâҫ֮£翪ѣͬ屻һؽص˺һʹ˻𣬽ڽڰˡ
㾡ȫĹȻ˲ȫ顣
ĵ֮ľ֮֮ǶӦ۳˱Դ˵ĵȫҪˣ
£ץˣȻʱһ޴ĺͻȻĶը죬ֱ˶ھҲȻκ˶Ҫֵԭ
ҶѾɹĳļ䣡
ϷýˣҪ·ȫ
Ц˫ɲǼûֻƣ׷ĳ˻棬˰˲ڣɣȴֱӳǳ
ͬʱʼתԪɣͷ֮ɵƹɵͬǵȫȻը
ǣɵۣۿ·ϵδǳϷȻһ޴ƣһ޿ɿܵǳȥ
䣡
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һʱ䣬ǿ֮ڶ̳ǳըĳڵھŰپʮſǳ֮ϵʿǣɫ԰ף֮жѪ
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һӣһǿͷŶʱڴ˿ǳ֮ϵʿͬӴĹڣ뵽֮С
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ھŰپʮſǳǳһͬը
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ٿٳһ·ĻôӴԺ󣬶ڵʿԶûгΪ˵Ŀܣ
ڡˣҶأѵҲУ
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ڴֺܹ֮ԼһĴڣڴܹߵţɽ磬еռĿꡣ
Ȼ·ĳױеڴҲȫʧˣӽ֮û·Ҳûʹ
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һʱ֮䣬ҲãɵҲգ̳Ѿտ޼ʵĺڰǿգǳĬ
֮ɵۿȻ·ѾٵûҪģȻ뾡취ߵţһߵţôλӦ׻ᷢʲôɣ
Ȼףһ³Ϊˣصɽ磬ôζˣԪɻɣܿܽӭһƽ٣
ɵ۽ŵҵĽ飬˫ȷ±˴˵ĳޣͬԸ󣬲֪λΣ
˴˶һ̵֮ͷͬ⣡
λھȥټԪɣ׼ˣиǣ
ɵһۣ̻һ磬ɢ١
ȵɵ뿪֮󣬵Цҡҡͷû뵽һҾȻɵ֣ɺԪɣȻ±˴˵ĳޣԸһͬĵˣû뵽ǣ˵ǿ󣬿ҪԶԶǣ
ħȻҲʧȥ˺͵ȤͷҲ׼ˣֻҪ±ߵţսͽ̿ʼҵţǾһʤ㶼ûУ
ȴƽǻһ˿Ц׼ȷҪδܳΪǿ˭
ڵھŰپʮſǳը۶ɵĹ̳֮У߳һɫӰ


2343 ػػ
Ӧþˣ
ʱ˿̣һƬ֮УſտҲܣ˸п֮
ڵĵ񣬻ǵʵ˭ŵڡ
񼸴̤·ȴһֱæڲԼľ֣æŽ֮زóԼ磬Ϊһ׼ʼδš
ǵʵȻֻһתֻҪԸ⣬ȫͿԵ֮
ΪԪеûȤȥһΪһķʿǧ࣬ҪΪˣɽһصλá
ˣǵҲһŵڡ
ȴʮţһĴţ
δʿǣ뵱ȻΪţǿ϶һȴţֻιرŵģҪɣҪɽ磬ͨԼʵߵ
Ȼʵȴȫ
ţȻǴڣǧ£ȶأޱȵʯţǣɽģûʽΪ֮ǰǲܿʯŵġ
еʿ˵ߵ֮ǰҪԼʵԻ
һÿʿԵţȻҲǸͬʲôӵģֻҪԻôӵߵŵʸ
һƾԼʵߵţ
ڵʵԻߵʵ׾ٵ飬ڼߵɵҲ󣬶ҵڴ֮ǰһҪȥȱٵתɵҲܹڳɵͬʱΪȫµ
кǸŮˣȻɲѾռ˵һ룬ôǵĸӦȻҲӵ
ʿҵ֮У֮⣬ûκܹлȥߵţҶ꣬ںٶһʱģ
У飬ǶһҵǣңûκܹˣɵۣУ
˵Ȼ̧ͷ֮һЦЦݣȻչָǿġ
𿴵ޱȵǺ͵֮䣬ʵһ֮ȴֻܿţΪ
Ȼ·ѾٵǷӡ֮ȴȻڣֹκ˵Ľ롣
ħ޺޵ĵһ㵽һУ·ٵʿץֹκʿߵŵĻᣬֻɿţȥѰҵת³Ϊߵţɽ磡
㵽һ𣿡ȴ΢΢һЦû㵽˫תİɣ˫ֹܹģ
ڵڴŰ֮ǰͿ˴̳֮߳ǸɫӰ
ȻǾҶԼļ䣬ڵ񳹵״ݻ·Ĺؼʱ򣬻
ҶȻ֪֮еʱ򣬵׷ʲôǵ֮󣬿յܣȻʶˣ˳Ļˣ·ıˣ
˿̣ҶһѪһͷ׷ϴĮɱ֮⣬һ̳߳
·Ҷ˵ûʲôӰ죬·ϣֵѣʦʦ֣Ÿ޹ʿ
֪Լֵѣʦʦ֣Ƿ񻹻ţģҪԼֹ֮Ϊֹ飬ɥڵ֮֡
Ҷ˵鶼ûУתͷһ֮ͻȻָָ֮һ⣬ڿһ㡣
ˣ
һָƿоǱ˻һһŽɫĹ㣬Ź㻹Լٶš
ת֮䣬ɫĹ㣬ͱһȽɫţҶٴתͷĿ⿴˵ڵ֮ת˽ɫС
һĻ𿴵ǷԵϲúοţȻܴ򿪵ţôģѵļѾָˣ˵һֱԼʵ
ֿܣ˵ǸϢڣӦҪȥɱĳһɹκƽ٣ܳ׻ˣ
Ҷӵ֮ʱȻѾվ⣡
ʮǰҶǴ̤·ĵһҲԱһĴۣѵ磬ǿͳš
ԭûбŶܹ»û뵽죬ȻĻˣٴλصص˻硣
ʱ˿̵ĻڣһƬ֣̿


2344 ʮ
֮ҶҪ»ص磬ȻΪ̽Ѱǿ󣬶·Ȼıʱ򣬾Ѿ¶˾ģΣֹΪ
߸Ҷʵûа취ȥɱһԣֻѡһ飡
ܣ飬֪Լͬ²ȥ֣Ψһֹİ취Ҫȵ֮ǰҵ飬ɱ׼ʵڲУԼķ֡
ȥУ类鶼Ҷ֮УҲҶڽŵʱǿ˳Ҫҵˮ򣬲ҽУҵ飡
·ѾˣĻ磬ȴû̫ܵӰ졣
ֻǰ·һ̣ûе飬Ϊĩ٣飬Ҳ֮ϣǿŴ·ľ޴ǳը˿
ǳըȻûڵ飬붼·ˣɵҲܲ³·Ͽ϶ʲô˵ıʡ
·ǿͨɽĵ··϶ܷشıʣǳΪ֮ըȻ޾Ŀֻš
ͬʱֻţŻҶ̤ţػػɲǣ͸ܵˡ
ҶûȥЩ飬ɫ䣬ΪصʬԼ뿪ʱһǣΨûпǿͻǸˮ
һ̣ҶǱɱ⣬ˮ򣬻ߴˮ̤ţǺ
ʱ֮ʮأ
ʱ֮ƣҶ֮ӿһƬȫĸ
ȻҶ޷ɵʱֹͣǵڼʱ򣬾ʹӴߵʱʱ䷨򣬾Ϳĳڵʱ䵹Ӷֳضʱ顣
ǳɹĸʱ֮ٴʩչֵȻǸӵɡ
ƬͬϵЩʬڣͬ˼ˮһ㣬ֳһ֮Уʱڿٵš
ʱ䵹͹Ԫ֮ͬĵż
Ԫ֮ǽĳԪ㣬ֳĻ棬ҲǷŵģһĵˣȿģĻ棬󿴵ģıԴ
ʱ䵹ǡǡ෴Ҷ޶ʱ䵹ľʱڵ£ʱֱӵʮ֮ǰȻһĽʮ֮зһгֳ
ˣҶһۿģԼӣĪ磡
Īץסˮ򣬿´Īˮǰһأʮ꣡
һϮȹʱ¶΢Цʱ¶ǣʱ¶ǣ벻ʼվǰ
һ̣ҶԼӣԺ֮ȴǲĸֳһ档
һϮȹĪ磬վɽ֮ϣڱͺХɽУǿɽ罫·дΣĬĬĵȴš
磡
Ҷеૣ̲סҪԽʱĳӣȥḧһԼӵӣ׿ڸԼ
ԼӣҶ֪Լ̫ĿǷ̫Σ
ΪԼǺæûʱȥúõǲߣǣĪȴʼնĬĬļ֣ĬĬĵȴţĬĬػţĬĬİԼһ
ʮʱ⣬ڵ֮УҲֻж̶̵Ƭ̶ѣҶһֱĿĪ磬ֱʱ±
ȻҶѾ֪ˣԼӣػȴʮ֮󣬾ڲ֮ǰ̤ͬ·ҽˮա
ҶȻѾûĪǰ磬ǸΣͷȻģϣеľҲܳ棬ģҶҵ㣬κҲ޷ֹֻڣһҪȥһЩ£꣬һȥ㣡
ĬĬվƬ֮Ҷһ˺ԵĿռ䣬֮С
Ҷ֪Ī磬׽ˮ֮еľλãʵټϲˮĵطȻĪ粼µķƺ֮ĴʩԲҵ
֮Уͬȥһ磬ףܹ׵ɱ󴳽еһ顣
ֻҶ˵Щвȫû˿á
ΣյգҶУͬԼҺ԰һ㣬УͥŲһ޾ľ룬ֵĵطԲ֮ڣƽ˾ȫûκΣյĴڡ
Ҷ֮Ѱˮʱ֮ĵҲʼԼѰ֮ã


2345 ʦ
Ѱתķܼ򵥣ֱڱץЩʿ֮Уͨÿת˴еĳĸӦϵӶҵתڡ
ѰҼΪʱ䣬ԵʵҲǼģҪÿһʿķʽȥǴﵽ鿴һ飬ȻȷǾǷת
ԭΪʣתӦûһԼץЩʿУȻû뵽ǣһȦȻһûз֣
ѵҲṳ̂·⣬ܰüͷ𣺡ֵľǣ֮ȻҲ㲻еλã
֮£ϸһ飬Ծֵ£ʧȥģͬҶһָڿһ㣬һȽɫĴŴ򿪣ǵš
һĻҲˣΪʲôҶܹʩչţӦļеʱҶԵɺ֮£̽һЩļ䣬Ӷ֪˵ŵʩչʽ
˫ֺʲ¶ϲɫĵûҵת
ҲûҵתЩʿ֮Уṳ̂·ԵҪ뿪·ȥĳѰˡ
ȻٴοһޣǺһ֮󣬻Ȼת˵֮У뿪·
Ȼ֪еľ䣬֮Ҳ޷ǰҲŸת̣֪һڣȻҲǰѰˡ
ҶٶԿ˲٣ڵ뿪·ʱҲǡҵǸˮ
űΧˮҶĳ˿
ЩȻĪ粼Ľƣã˵ˮȻҲ
ЩƣҶ첻вһӣͽлݻ٣Լһˮڡ
Դ类˳˼ϷĻ֮еȫ˾ʥ֮УҲʼ֮ڣͼΣϢӵȫµ
Ϊʿͷ˵ĽϣȻؽ˲ԭڵľͻֱһµ硣
ʮķ꣬ûжκεӰ죬鰲ҵܵѵõľʱ⣬Ҳ𽥵Ĵӵʹ֮лָ˹
ҶվȫϿգĬĬĴһУг˸п
ɨѾ۵ףУҶ˺ܶϤףҲ˺ܶȥ¡
ûЩ˵ǰԭ˵ҲеţʵǣҶң
飬ҶΣȻ粢ֻ𣬵ĿģȴΪ˰ԶһУҶӹĸϵԼЩ顣
ڣĶѾҶοȻǵǰ֡
϶ôһ죬һٴվǵǰٴθһȫµļңͬ
ҶƬ̣Ȼʧһɽ֮ǰ
ɽ֮ⲻŲ󷨽ƣҲҹ˿أΪҶ֮
ҶֵϢûκܹ֣ҲûȥƳЩƣֻǶɽڵأĿͷүүǵңò˶ãһ˾žˣ
һ֮ҶٴʧһСɽ֮ϡ
Сɽɽ֮ϣһ֣סΧǶ֪УһĴʦͨ
ʱ򣬲Ϊɥ֮ʹͷλʦϸĿ𽥴ӱʹ֮߳ȥδ
ȻʦʿȴԼΪʿǵء
ڣ޶ϲСɽǻΪģΪܹлᣬʦĴ
ֻ꣬СɽǣʿǷˣޣ硣
ΪʦѾˣ
Ϊ˵ͬвһԼһọ́ʱпϨ
ʦкܾöɽܾҲҾܾŮǵź򣬾ԼһˣУϵƾ棬ܵĻлƺڵȴʲôƺʲô
˵ʦڵȴһˣһʱĽԣ
˵ʦڵȴȴߣһֻء
ܴʦڵȴʲôһ죬ͬһһ㣬һĴʦͻȻתͷͨɽΨһɽ·֮ϣŲΧϣ¶һ΢Ц˫ǵ֮Уӿһ
ڴʦĿע֮£һһͷ׷һɼˣһһģɽߵɽ˴ʦǰ


2346 㣬Ը
㣬ˣ
ӣʦϵЦݸӵĲãڴ˿Ҳɢһ㣬Ųϵ׾Ȼ漣˽ģഺĻصʮǰص˴ֹеġ
ʦþò
׷ӵҲ¶ЦݣȻǰŲϵʵ̫Զʱ
Ϊ˵飬޷ʱ֮⣬ȻҲ޷ഺפһӡǡ
׷ӣȻҶʵ̤ʱ򣬾Ѿ֪ڣΪ뿪ʱҶİΣԼһƾĸӦֻҪ統УͿʱ֪١
ǰкܾˣЦŵ֪һֱڵ㡣
𣡡ҶҲЦˣߵĶ棬
ȻҶЦȴǴһĽʹΪĿģҪɱ飬ѾǷ꣬ߵͷȻҶ޷µȥ֣Ҳ޷顣
ȻȴǺȻڵҶɱҵİɣ
Ҷ΢΢ۣĬ֮󣬻˵ͷ㻹Ǻǰһôͨ͸ļѾˡ
ΪתɣļֻҪѣȻʿȴ׺ܶ顣
ǵģ˵ͷȻЦŵҶ㻹ǵã֮ĶԻ𣿡
ǵãÿһ䶼ǵã
ʵû뵽ԭǸʱҾڿʼӱܣȥҵĹȥҵǰԭǸһ֣

ҶȻ۾ֱֱĶǷҲ飬㲻һ֣
һ֮ȻһЦҶôȥˣû뵽㻹ǺǰһҪ㣬Ҫ죬Ҫ㣬ҪĽ㣬ܹӵЩһֱ߶˵ľ仰ҲϣܹһϧûУ
ҿ԰㣡
ҶˣҲˣʵڲһδεתˣ֪ߴתҳ飬ÿһ鶼ƣ˺ۣҵڰ˴εתѡ飬ȻվӲˣҶɱҰɣ׵ɱңԶʧܹУ˵һֽѣοҵӦûһЩһЩ鷳
Ȼһεתʿͨ͸ԸԼԷգ󳹴֮ȴĿһЩ顣
ְɣҶڣѾûκεź
ǵ۾±峺ͬϾһ֮Ҷ
Ҷȴͬʯһ㣬Ծһ
ȻһĻ뵽Ȼڼ֮ǰѾεľģȻѾ׼þʱ֧Լ壬ڣǰԼɱʱŷ֣Լ
һûκεĹþҪ˵ΨһĴת
ǣһУܲٿصģ˴תͳΪһѪĶû˿Ĺϵ
Ҷ֪㲻֣ҵѾߵ˾ͷʣʱ䱾ͲˣұѡɱɱĻȻһתֻܳ׽ҵ
¼䣬ûֵˡ
һˣڿĵȰһ˸ϽɱԼȰˣҲһҪɱԷȻȴ²ȥ֣
ҶȻҡͷһбķģҪɱǣֻҪɱôеⶼӭжˣ飬ңúõĻţһɱ˵񣡡
ҶתҪ뿪Ȼбκ˶Լɱ˵񣬵ԼսڵУҲԸ˼ѵľ
κ˵ʵγһֽأ
ȻʱͻȻҶԵȥҶæ˫֣һѱס塣
ʱɫ԰ףѪȴǴЦݣ̧ͷҶҾ֪²֣֮ǰҾѾ˶ҩ
㲻Ҷӿڣ֮ƸӳһŴҪҩг
óԾˣˣֻǸˣΪһˣס𣬲Ҫתˣ
֮ѾЦ۾Ҷ˫֮УһɫĹâͷ֮иꡣ
꣬ҶжȻͻȻһץסɫĹâУʵ飬һΣ㣬ԸУ


2347 
㣬ԸУ
Ҷʳ⣬һΣŴɫâƺҲҶĻһڳƬ֮΢΢һ£˻شһ㡣
Ȼشû֪κε壬ҶȴǷЦãҾ͵Ӧˣ飬㣬Ϊ㽫ΪҶһ꣡ӴԺһ
£ҶȻɫâԼüģüѿɫâֱû롣
鶼꣬꣬ػ꣬꣡
Ҷֱ꣬ΪػΪΪ
ҶһŵʱԱ꣬ҲǸˮǿͻػ磬ӴԺʧȥֻ꣬ӵضꡣ
Ȼڣ꣬ȴðһ󵨵뷨ǽһ꣬Լꡣ
뷨ȻǾףҶȴҲԼɡ
鱾ӵеתߴУȻڵڰ˴ת֮ѡ飬ʿδԾǰ飬⣬Ҷȫһ¡
Ҷһ֪˶֮٣жԶԶ뷨صĹ˼ɣ뵽ûκεԥֱӾͽ꣬ԭԼλá
Ҷ֪Լ᲻ɹֻ֪ܹȥԶ
⣬Ҫһתô͵ҪɵҶҶҪǷܹɵԼ
ҶԼڵʱڻͬѰĵ񣬶Ȼһ
ͨΪת֮Ӧܹ֮ĸоһתϣĳ־޴ı仯
Ȼ֪ʲô仯ȴµĳ飬Ѿ˽ȵҵˣԼһѰˣֻҶ
Ҷ󣬾ȻûѵΪһҵ飬ֹǡǡ෴ҷҪлл㣬Ϊҽʡ˲ٵʱ䣡
һЦٴδ򿪵ţٴηص·ϣֱȥڡ
֪Ҷ϶ҪԼԸɴݴͣȺҶ
ȥǸеɻ󣬲֪뿪ʱ򣬵׷ʲôΪʲôô̵ʱͻˣѵѾҵת
ȴûκľٶֻ֮ϥĿ붨
ʱһţʼձ붨ƣһҲǽƲˡ
뵽ˣпҶһҵһתȴδɱԵȴҶĻ׼Уһת
ֻǣȴǲ²ȻҶѾҵתΪʲôɴֱӵĽɱ׵ϣأ
⣬мǣ浽ԭΪӣȻóҶ֮κ˶޷²ĳ
ڣ˶ڵȣȴҶĳ֣Ҷһ֣Ҳζһжӭ˶ϣе飬ղһ
ֻǺǻȫȡҶˣ
˭Ҳû뵽һȣȻʮʱ䣡
ʮ֮ڣҶû·֣Ҳû뿪·˫ڱȽһ㣬˭ֵܹȵһ̡
ʮʱ䣬ҶȻ꣬ҪĽԼ꣬ϣܹͨԼһӵиǿʵӶԼԸ
ʮʱ䣬ʵҲûֻǸŵȴȻѰңѰе䣬ʮ֮ĲܣһЩջҵе˿
ڵʮһʱҶڳ·ϣ
Ҷոճ֣Ȼ˫ۣ¶ЦݣҶˣ֮㣡
Ҷû˿⣬ͲµڵԼΣҲҪ͵֮䣬յ˶ϡ
ǧȻҲҶĳ֣ʮʱ䣬˵Ѱģڣּ尾Ҫͷˡ
ܽΣܻһ

ҶĺһԼڵ磬֮ǰĴã취ջǾɴཫԼϡ
ΪԼ˵֣֮ôĿľͻʵ֣ʱ˵ˣɽҲӺƽ٣ԵرԸ񣬸ܷŹԼ
Լɱ罫ǲԼڡ
һһ
ˣ
ҶŲһվ˵ǰ


2348 ƴ
ҶȻҵһ
˽ľ֮£ܹĸӦҶڣĴڡ
ʵ鲢һǵ˵Ϊ˸ҶѹҶΪȥ֮⣬ѾԼҵˡ
Ҷޱעŵ񣬸ûпڵ˼ȴνļҶֻҶˣΣֻҪ㽫һңҿԱ֤һͳ֮󣬻һ磬ѣԶƽһ𣬾û˻ǣ
ҶҲѾ˽ˣ֪ҶҪʲôҪѪеĴҶеõһ
ҶɳĬЦŵҵ⣬㾡˵κֻҪĳҶܹ㣡
Ҷ˷Ӧ䵭ĵֻһ
źҡҡͷҶ㻹ִԲҺĺһ컯ȴǧ֮⣬ѵΪҵĶѪۣʦʦ֣ȫɣͬʱħĵ֮£޵֣
ˣԼĶͷҲˣӦþǵλתǣɽ𣬼ɽɵۣ˼һҲУοֻһˣң㻹δɣ
ҾңҶλûκεĹϵҲ÷ϻˣҪõһֻɱң죬֮䣬ֻһ˻ȥ
Ҷ費Ҫһ䣬ˣʦʦ֣ǶѾɣΪһ壬ЩѣӣǵҲҵУɱңһҲˣµ𣿡
ҶƽĵԿô֪
ʵʱ˿̣Ҷһ㶼ƽΪ˵ûץסҶߣҲҶ顣
ҶѼѵԶԶԼҪأˣҲЩԴΪҪЮԸˡ
ȻҶߣͬҲǣҶۡ
ۣ֮
Ҷˣοǣһţ˵ǰȻֱӵķʽݺһȭ˵
ߣçѣ
ɱ䣬ûнҶȭͷһӣһоǰ֣Ҷȭͷֱû֮С
ǣ
һȭûле񣬵ȴҶǿֲ֮£˾ҵ𵴣˲ը˿
壬м
еըɲŲæȻžԵţܹҶ
Ҷй˼ɣͬй˼ɣǾȻҶϸӦϢϢȴǼΪأĸоȻǺҶΪһһ
һģĸоԼɱҶôһͬҶԶɢ
޷зô񼴱ͨ쳹֮ܣվΪôһе׼Ḷ
ˣûʮİսҶڶߵǰ£񲻸ҶҶɱ֣
Ҷĵһȭ㿪Ҷû˿⣬ٴλӳ˵ڶȭͬʱüѿѪҶһȭ
𣿺ߣҲУ
üͬѿȻҲһ߷
Ȼ߷͵òȫͬǶԷȴɢһıŰ֮һ˫۾¼иĿ֮ĵ׷⡣
ϤĿ⣬Ҷһǣ֮£ֻһܹӵĿ⡣
漴˳ֱ۳һɾ޽˵߷
˼˭ķ𣿡
Цһ߷ü߳ϾȻӿֳһɱ֮ϸǱׯϣǳ֮䣬ȴǺ飬˫ƷֿžҶȥ
Ȼ߷һѪ۱ɣħһɣ
ҶҼǵ㲻Ӧ߷𣿸ɴҲٻɣ𣬷ǿ
üٴѿһ߷߳߷Ҷɫʱ֮ڹս𣬶Ǳɫѡ
߷Ȼǰɱ죬ֻ˿̴ɢȴһֵȻ֮ңиһӣҡҷ֮£һɹɵƴпӿǵһ㣬ҶŰΧ
ȻѾ֮£ҶҪΣˣ


2349 
߷ȻǴǱУԵһѪѪжģ˵֮
񣬵߷÷ֱӦ֮ħ֮ͷ֮ټԼĻ֮Ŀǰֽ֪ʵ֮ĵ˵Ѿȫ
ڵʵѾӹɣֻҪô¾ͽıУɵֶۣĶ֡
飡
ħһƺݺ˾ҶϣֱӵɳǧԶһѪԶ
飡
ѪҶͬǷĶ֣󣬱˳ȥȻǿվ𣬵ȴĲȡ
ҶıҲòȥͬʱԵͷ˫ع֮ûУһķɣı壬ޱȣԵûܵʲôˡ
Ҷôһٻѵʱ㻹뱣ʵ𣿡Ŀ˸ȻҶʼղһΪеɻ
ҶĵҵĵѾٵˣ˵Ը㣬ƾ㹻ˣ
Ҷڵȷŵһ֮ٻôȻܹϳʱһߣǹһˡ
ҡҡͷٵˣ궼ȫȻҶҿҲѰ֮˰
ˣǵҶĻȴ˻ɣδ뵽ҶȻὫ֮꣬Լꡣ
ҶҲвϵתͷ
ʵղ֮ԻΪҪ͵ƴҪ䲻⣬Է֮˺䡣
ڸոռʱҶʹӵиеһɹĲȻͲ³ˣбץסˣ֮С
ĿǰΪֹȥȻҶͬĽڽڰˣˣҶʵ
˵ҶͶʩչȫֻн˴ӵоȳ֮Ÿһȥ͵ƴһͬھ
ȻҶվǵ͹˵ʵÿһǿޱȡ
ҶûȤٺȥˣٲȫֵĻǣɣ
ƺʧȥģһָħ̳֮һѪҶȥ
ѪҶ۵Ȼһ˿ײĹâתӡ
Ѫ⣡
ħĿд˱֣ҶٶȻѪٶȴǸ죬ӳ֮ԶѪѾ׷ϣҽȫ
žžž
ţһƵıըҶ֮ϴ
ϸĻͻᷢⱬը߰ٶʮ£Ҷ֮ϣҲǳ߰ٶʮ˿ڣÿ˿֮жһѪܵѪ֮С
Ѫ磡
䣡
ҶڶȻִһҵıըĳֶը˿һѪͬȪһ㡣
ȻʱҶѾħ˾ϲ
棬𣡡
ңѾͷںϣڽѪһãסҺ취ȳˣ
ȻѪ۵ҶԺ֮
ѪȻɣȻûԾɱһ˿ǣؼʱ̣ڶҶʵϣȴڰҶ
֮ԣҶܹ㣬ڸղſħѪԼӿʱ;е㲻Ծ
ҶѪ۷̤ͬ·ĵһصʱѪ۷Ϊ˶ԸʿͬķʽѪԷס
Ѫ۱𣬳ɹĸħôԼķʽΪʲôҲʩչѪҶɻ󣬵Ҳ̫ðգȻѡ˵
ȻԷˡѪ⡱ֵʱҶӿȷڵħȫٿصĻôʵûɣ͵깥ķʽһģһ϶Ѫۣûıɷ
ˣŻᱻѪ׷ϡ
屬߰ٶʮ˿ڣÿ˿֮жһѪӿΧѪʱȷԼĲ²⡣
ֻѪһţͬѪڣܹʮˣѨλ֮ôѪ۴Լ߰ٶʮѨλ֮иȡһѪǽѪգȻһ֤ˣԷĵȷȷѪۣ
ıըҲҶԼܴǵѪ۷ΪҶƵǸѪը˿
ѪۺѪ硱ʱҶŸʣõĻشϲѡ
ԭѪۣʵ϶û׵ıɷⲻҶʦ˵ĻЩϼһһǽƻޱȣ
ǵе鷳ǵĵȷƿأΪãֻܾȳˣܵ񣬻ɣ
ģһ


2350 ط
ҶΪ˼ɵľǱץߵЩˣڵ֪𶼲ûбȫɣܰԼˣû˺֮ǣԷſ͵һս
ڱɵתҶǲģΪӵ֮Ҳ֪ˣֻҪȱһתתڱɵֻõʵӣǲһɱǾػɡ
˵һǽҶȳˣϣ
ϣϣڻҪ͵һ
ҶȫѪעѵĴѪ֮˳»صߣѪȴҲûм׷վԭأȴŵ
˾Ķŵ񣬶ȴ¶΢ЦһɵĵҶǸ߿ˣû뵽ôʵеʧڽҵüô
Σ
Ҷĵɸ㱾һս
ҵĶ֣ҾԸɣ˭ҶԪ֮ʮȤأ
˵֮䣬Ѿ̧Ҷ˹ȥȻʱͻȻ䡱һ֮д
ţ֮Ͼð˹Ụ̃Ũ֮УһӰͬһ㣬˷
ɫ̼䣬Ϊȫ֪ʲô飬عҪ·סԼʱȴѾˡ
бץסʿ˿̶ɱը֮˳ȫվ֮Уһŭĵŵ
ͻȻһĻõΪɻҶҲͷˮѪۺ߷վԭһδûʼ֣ǵôĪը
Ȼֻ˹Ϊ֮
ܹڵУƻ˵ʵȻҲǷͬѰ

Ҷ
ʦ
Сʦܣ
ҶеԵɣһеĺѾ˷
ϣԯ콾ʱɣȫҶҷ˾ϲ
Ҷܣ
֮һʵҲ֮ԶĪעҶ
磡
ҶһֱһĪǰһѾͽ§˻Уʮֵ
Ī΢΢һ֮ҲıסҶ
˽ӵһ
ʵĪȻȴҶʮʱ䣬ʵϣԴĹ֮кҶֿ󣬾Ҳûм
ڵټ֪˴еϲá
ҶӵίʵĪסˣΪ˽ԼɷһӦãҲܻڴ֮ͥǾٶˡ
ڣҶϴ΢ֱϵĴȴĪ֪ˣôʱҶҲ˼Լ
򵥵һӵĪôĵȴû˿Թԡ
οҶĶ˵һ仰磬һΣҲֿˣ
ٺ٣С۰ңҶڿɲ۵ʱ򡣡
ʱ𣬲ҶĪۣ֮Ҳڳ˶
ҶǣĪֱ֣ӽ͵ϵߣĪǡ
Ҷ֪ˣҶ΢ЦĪգĻңһ

ĪȻʲô뿪ڣҶȴѾ뿪ֱߵɵ˵ߣ֮£ֻܱ͡
ĪȴһУĹеԼߣԥһ֮󣬲ûнĹ֮е˸ٻ
ǿĪѾᣬȻĹ֮ŲҶĺѣǵʵҲԵȥ
Ҷû̫ʱ䣬ȴӦԼÿһʶˣֻܶǵ˵ͷȻĿ⻷һȦվƬ֮еˣüͷȴǰΪһЩϤס
ղڵﵽ׷ʲôǲе˶ˣأ
ͷǳǣ˵취ƿ䣬ȫģûҲ֪ǳûг
Ҷ𣡡Ȼٴ𣬶ҶѭȥֻһˣȻ˳
ſ
ҶһŵȥȴǹһЦһȻֱӽ˳˿С
ܷ֮Ȼˣû뵽С޶ȻƿҵǬԲ

Ҷһ֮󣬶ȻһУһ޴Ҷڿи֣ȭͷŵȥ
ԴҪ𣿹úã


2351 
ҶǶصĵȻû˿ĻţƺЩʿԼӳΪûʲô̫𾪡
¡
Ҷҳһȭɽǿֲ֮þҲ֮ڵǧޣо
֮ΪԴ
ħüͷħΪעҲûҪ֮ΪԴ۳Ϊʵһ˷Ѱ
һЦ֮ҲУ
Ļո£ͻȻһҽдһԴֻһ׳˶ƤĴ󺺣ʹ֮ɫȫܿƵĳ˳ȥǸߴ󣬺ȻҲһɵȭͷӭҶһȭ
֮ͬԴ
󺺣ҶеɱŨΪ󺺲ǱˣɽԣҶĺѣ
ɽȻȥԸҶ֮ôΪԼĿƣͬһľżһٿأ
ѹֵ˴֮ӳ̫𾪣ԭԭڴˡ
ʿڣȻһ˿Լ꣬ӶԲٿǣΪá
ǵôʿĿģԼֻҪԼЩʿڣôܽǵһгɾȫΪС
׼ЩʿΪԼߵŵĹߣǱǰԸҶ
䣡
ҶǼ㾡ȫһȭȻȻջأҾջأôȴĽɽԵһȭ֮£ֻ˫ȭͷײһ
ۣ
ɽԵĵȻըɽԼҲǿѪӿ׳˶ͬһʯһ㣬صҷ˳ȥ
ɽԣ
ҶѣһȻɽԵһѽס˿ɽѾ˫ĿգѪҲδ
񿴵һĻҡҡͷ֮ͬԴȻʵôһ
ҶɽԵ壬͵ϵ˵ߣȻٴվ˵ǰüĺȻѿһӰ
ȻһŮӵӰ
Ȼ꣬ѾҶɹļԼһ꣬ҶԲͬʱҲԶʧ
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ȫ֪ô£ǵֵͬʱͿԿ϶ǵȷת
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ҶѡԱԼܹɣҲȻᱻɵֻ̳ɱ޻·ԡ
ϵЦݣɫҶԸϣҪ˵㻰ȻĻӦñһҪ
ģҶĳһԾŶ˵
ãһΣ
ʿ׷ԾĿʼ˺󣬵Ҷɽ֮µλڣһսȻǾ춯أҲ˵ˡ
Ҷ͵׶վȻδʼʽ֣ɢǿѾ˶ִĸо
ǧޣڴ˿Ҳ̲סס˺ΪֱΪֹûκ֪˵ʵ
ʵҶûܹսʤģ޼ƿʩֻ취ԼһսȻĻԻԥļٿܵʿӦԼĹ
Ȼһ̾Ҷ֪һĻǧǰҲֹ˫Ľ㽫һܣǽգȻͬһĻǽȴǽд
Ҷĵ˵ˣҲ˫ҪΪҲҪȴӮ˵
˵ʵҶһ㶯ϧ֮ģֻϧʼڤ粻飬Ҷһ
Ҷ˵֮Դٴθֶ
Ȼ壬û㹻£첻κεвΪģҾ

ʣʼĬĬսĪһղ׼ҶԼСݵİ£Ѿڰ˴֮вȫˣֻϧҶת뿪ûü˵ڡ
ٴᵽʣȴĪĿڣЩȫҶǾʱĪĶȴһ˵ãȱ˵ܾʹȫģҲҪһЩƣ


2352 ڶ߱Դ
ȻҶֵкܶ࣬ΨһҶΪܵģȴֻһҲҶ˰˰֮ġţ
ռȸ½һΪɽģһʿҶĶ磬ʱΪԶҶ
ҶǰڤʮȥʱΪ˾Ҷ˴ʹԷ˵ݱ졣
Ӵ֮ҶȻһֱڿѰŵ䣬ȴʼδҵֱʮξʱ򣬾Ȼ֪ԼĶţȻԭڤʮ֮һĵع㣬Ϊһ壬·Ǹصعš
Щ飬ҶĿǰΪֹ֪ʵ٣֪ع㱻УѡһöרԸӣҶĹܾʮУΨȱٵӰ֮꣬Ҳعںϣ˺ϻꡣ
ĪԺʱʶˣ˵˾Ȼţ
žȻδȥҲ̤·пܾڣܵЩʿ֮С
Ī׼תͷѰӰʱŵٴ𣺡ãҪңڵֽعţĸҵȽϸӣԺٸϸ˵ɷģܾһ˶Կԣһսǿ϶ʤģ
ŵⷬĪƽҶĶ磬Ķ磬ҶεˣȻҲΡ
ȻֻҶһڶԿ񣬵ڰУ϶ĴڣھԼܣҶ
¡
Ȼһ촫ͬʱһͬһˣ˷ӿƵı;սʮңԶˣòٴƴˡ
ֻսģ̳޴ӰңңվһҶĵһǵĵ
ղҶٴ֮ԴԴ˹û뵽ǣĿǰпʲôԴĵȻͬǿӲǿסԼĹ
Ҷڵʵжϣòٴΰθһ㡣
ӣ񲻽ܹٿʿѾЩʿĵǿıԴ֮ɣΪ˼С
ĵôҶΪ˲ң
˭˵Ϊˣ
Ҷ䣬£ü֮УȻӿƣγһ磬ٵ۳ˡһߵ
ߵȻҶòͷڷڵ˫֮ͫУɢһľ֮⣬Ŀ֮ܵĿռ侹ȻΪ˴Ƭĺɫ
㾹Ȼ÷Ҳ˵¶һ˿ȣңɱ֮ΪԴ
ڶ߱Դ
˶ĿɿڴȻǧҲš
ȻǱԴôȻֻһԼǿĵӹŵ񣬸ûκһʿȥԽȫͬĵͬʱΪԴӶ߱Դ
ȻҶȴˣֻԼķıԴ
ˣ˿ǵûҶķʵѾǷȫԿһڵʿֻ֪ΪʲôδҶıȻĸԸĴҶڣӶܹһ߱Դ
꣬ĻΪĳδ֪ͻԵȻԼĻꡣ
һӵ˻꣬ôͲٱΪһȫµĶôһ߱ԴȻҲͺˡ
ħ𲻶ϵָԼüĵ꣬ǼǲǵãҶ߷ǻ꣬Ӧֻľӵɱ֮ıԴζţѪ
һ߱Դ
ħĻ˵ͱˣħҲѵõûȥִ¶Цı˴˶ӡ
ҶȻӵ߱Դ
κˣڣ붼飬Ҷ룬һˣ
ڣ˭Ҫ˵˫תҾ͸˭ħ䷢һ㣬ݺݵĵ
ɱ
ʱɱ֮ıԴȻſڣһ춯صĺһУƬ޾֮Уһɷ籩ķ籩
磬һ̴ɱ֮ڿٶȿᣬ˲Ϣ֮䣬۳һܹ˺ص֮ݺݵŵȥ
ɫѵõıڿһָͻȻ֮кȻ⣬â֮Уʱһׯµо֮
ÿһоһɫľķɳͬɲ֮䣬ǵأǱܹɱ¾һе֮Χ˹ȥ


2353 ֮
ȱ֮
üͷ壬¶֮ɫȷȻ뵽Դȱ֮ƽɱ֮
ɫģÿһ̺ޱߵĴȱ֮ǰ̵ӿ֮ͬʱ̿ʼը
ÿըһģ֮ɱͻᱻһЩ΢΢С
˵Դȱɱ¾ȷõķ
оȫը֮֮ҲѾ֮Ȼ޴棬δе񣬾Ѿȫɢ
Ȼȥȱܹ֮׵ʩչ˵
ۿҶһɱĹȻ֮УЩʿ϶¶ʧ֮ɫ
ȻҶɫȴƽü֮ٴеӿţһߵڿи֣
ڷѪͫҶ
߱Դ
һ̣ǵҲ¶˾֮ɫѵõĶҶ˴ĴָҶǵλת㣬ȷǿ߱Դû´ĻߵӦѪ֮ΪԴ֮ɣ
ǰıԴȻǾҶô߱ԴȻѪҶô䱾ԴȻѪΪóѪ֮
ŵѵˣѪʼѪ۶棬ѾɣѪ֮ԸңǰŪ𣿡
ҶĵԹ֪

֮кȻ˾֮ţȻĳһɵѪӣͬ׹һ㣬ӿȻ˵
ҡҡͷѪƳģѪӣҺΣգ
ſһһɾ޴ȻӲĽѪӸøı˷ͳ˹ȥ
Ȼڴʱһӿ֮޵֮УӶĳһѪӡ
ʮ
ټɵһĻǾܹʮѪӣӦѪʮ˲㣡
ʮѪӣͬʮƮѪɫ˿Χ
Ѫ
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Ҷ£ʮѪͬʱӿ׹£һһĺȻĲ
ͬʮѪɫ

ʮѪɫڻһƬ׳Ѫͬĵȫûˣ
䣡
һ촫дĵһѪӸǺȻըѪˮĽ֮£ȻûжԵʲô˺ȴмѪˮ˵С
ʱãҶȴһУһλ

һֽкȻӵдţһѪзɳ֮УԼɼһֻ°ȴһŽ绨ŮĹŹ֣ԼٶȳҶ
ǰҶ˴֮۵ֻȹĽ壬ҶΪȫ֮
֮ʱҶͽԼ磬ΪҪõΪԼĵ֮ˮƳŵʱ򣬵Ҳ֮뿪
ڣҶȻѾˮѰشϣȻҲٻ˳Ѫ֮С
ΪȻǿ󣬵ȴӵŲ޵þҶȻҪƼˡ
߱ԴԭѪ֮ǻ֮пĵ
ȷǻֻ֮ҪǶҶ΢˽ˣڿѪ֮󣬿϶뵱ȻΪ䱾Դ֮ΪѪ֮ʵϣıԴ֮ȴǻ֮ҶҲԴԻˣӶõ˲֪֮þħҲͷ
ò˵Ҷһеȷ
ڵɻͬʱҶɱ֮Ҳٴοʼ֮Ҫŵþʱ򣬳ûɱ
Ȼ֮۳ΣѪ֮жȻһֻ֣һѾͽƴҶĵסŵҲѪдĵСһе˼Ҫˣ
£ѾٳأŵѪ֮С
ľٶҶ΢΢һԼѪסõѪ֮УѪը֮ûУʩչþ˵϶ܹɹڿƺȻʧˡ
ҶҲǾΪʲôʧܣ֮Ѿ۳ΣһεƬѪȻȥ
ˣ
һִֻѪ֮Ȼһס֮һ󣬡ꡱһֱ֮Ӷ˿
䣡
ѪҲͬʱը¶ĵЦעҶ
Ҷ˫֮ʱʱԼһιʧܵԭˣͬӵдۣ֮
ۣܹ֮һ·ô̫󣬵ǵϾڵеĴڣĻþȻ޷֮ۡ


2354 ֮ս
Ҷ̽ˣϽóȫʵǳ˶ϰɣ
Ļ˶Ϊ֮һ˴ھȻֻڱ˴̽˭ûʩչʵ
ǶҶ߱ԴѾԻ⾹Ȼʵʵжǿ
ʵȷˣҶڲϵ֪̽ͬʵһҲ֪ĵ񵽵׶ǿ
֪֪ˣʤĿܣڲ˽ʵ£ҶóȻʩչȫʤһк˵ȻܻܵĻⳡսͻΪҡ
ڣȻѾҶͼҲʧȥ˺ҶȥģҶѡĻᣬЦУʼվ޴֮ڣӿһ˸Źâĵơ
ȻǵԴıԴ֮֮
ڵὫ֮ΪԴ֮ҶʵѾĵϾǵ񣬻˵ƿص֮
չ¶ԼıԴ֮ĿҲΪ˱Ҷòչֳʵ׽һս
˱Դ֮⣬ڵĵ֮УȻӰѪۣ𣬻죡
Ի֮ΪԵħΪȷӦǵǿʵˡ
Ȼ⻹ֻǿʼ
ԴȫֵͬʱƬ֮ص˷ȻһɹɹŹֵ
ĳ˻ǿХ΢ḧرﵮ
Щ𣬴ӵڣŸָĵӿֶǺЩӦһ
ǣƬ֮أƾճ˸ָĶϡŹ֡
гĶ絶ǹꪸҲкĶľˮ֮Щȫ˽в֣ûо״Ķ
ǣЩֵͬʱˣǣǡ
ÿһʹһֵķʽȻЩӦ翵ĵ۳ʵ壬۳һ
Ѿͬһ޿Խһ㣬վ޵ģ˫֮дݷ͸һеĿ⣬ҶҶȻǶӲħţֻҪƿֵôеĵΪУΪЧ㣬θҴ򣡡
˵ûҲ˵ˣ񣡡
Դ˿̵ĵҶƽ˫ۣͬ׵ĺڶһ㣬ܹĵǧÿһʿڵԼĿ˵ĲԼĿѣľͬ˵
Ŷ¶һԴųЦݵ㵹˵˵ڵʲôأ
ڴ˿̶Ȼ޷뵽˵Ĵս֮УȻ֪ҪһսȻǶܿܳΪսƷǴʱ˿̣ȷʵһУ
Ϊǵ񣬻ҶڲԶڵ⡣
ʿ޵ʲô
ģ޷޵
ףʿ޵ľǵ
ôʲô
⣬´ӵʹͬҲͬĴ𰸣Ҷ˵ÿʿڵԶĿԲŻиԵĴ𰸡
ǲô˵˵Ŀ֮УҶ͵˶ڵ⣬ѾˣܹǽԶڵĵ⣬һ컯˶пܣͨǵĲ
㼴ܹ֮ǰһԻͬǾŻ˵ŵϦӣ
ϸ˵Ҷ͵֮սԹΪ֮ս
ڵ֮ɽ֮ڣɵ۾Ȼٴγ֣ĳҲû˿⣬ûȥΪͬڵȴҶĻش
ǵĿУҶǵλתٴγΪʵҪǿ˫ԣں棬ڵ⣬Ѿʲôһָ߶ȡ
ʵɵ۳ֵĿģͬΪҶĴ𰸡
ȻʮУɵ۶ھæ׼ȴʼնڹע·ϵעҶ͵֮һսĽ
ʱҲסˣԸɴԼĵ۹֮֮߳ͬȴ
˵ڴ֮УҶڿˣ񣬼Ȼ˵еӲħţ㣬ĵڵħеһţ
ҶĻ£֮гֵģŽľˮ֮ԶɵҶǰҶ͵֮䡣


2355 
˵ʿˣǷ֮Ҳв֪ľˮе塣
̫ܻУӴ֮оǹڵҪء
Ҷصѡõȥش֮Ϊĵħ֮еһš
ĬˣΪ޷ش
֮ڵ֮ţôħߺͷѵͲ֮ͨ
ħ֮УʵÿһŶ֮
ԶԣҶĵ񣬼Ȼش𲻳ٻ⣬λʦ֣սս֮;ڵĽֵ֮֮еһ֣
ٴ޷شȻڳκ˶޷ش
Ϊ𰸺ǰ֮һ֮жи򽣵͸սġ
֮˵˵ûΪŵȷ
˵ˣΪԵǴģţֻ޵ֲͬ;ѣȴ򵥵ΪǾеĸԴ
ħֵȷǽڻ˵ʵ֮ϣڵλϣֵĵûиߵ֣֮ҿԿ϶ĸ㣬еĵƽȵĴڣûͣǿ֮˵
֮أ磬һƺȫֻҶؼ䲻ϵĻ졣
֮ʿǣ˳˼ɵۺǧ޵ˣҲͬüͷ壬˼
ȷԴʿ֪˵Ĵڣ֪е޵ʱ򣬶뵱ȻΪȻǧôȻоͻǿ֣֮иߵ֮
ˣÿʿŬѰҸ߼ĵŬѰǿĵͼȥĵǸӣӿǡ
Ȼ뷨ǴģҶһָԼ֮ԴĵѾֹһˣڵ֪ҵ֮ΪԴʱ򣬶ΪǴ˷ѣΪҲϧԴ˼ȻûõĵΪܿɹıԴ֮
Ҷ˵ʱĿⲻʿӹĿĳ򣬶Ǹɽţɵۺǧ޵ڡ
˶ͷȥҺҶĿӣΪҶ˵ʵڿҶ֮ΪԴ֮ʱ򣬵ȷйϧȷйӣ㣬δܱ⡣
ʱ򣬵񿪿ڵҶȻ˵еƽȴڵģôҲҵ߱Դһս֮ҵĻ֮ǲӵͬ
ⷬҶ¶˳֮ɫǸ߿ˣԭԵ⣬Ȼǳˣҵȷ˵еƽȵĴڣÿ˶ԸյĵⲻͬȻͷųҲͬ
ЦҶĻˣҶ˵˰죬ʵ˵ĲǷϻ𣿻ԵⲻͬͷŵҲͬȻҪǿ֮ôȻҲи֮֡
˼ˣ㲻ǿ֮⣬ҶԻ֮⣬֮򲻹ҵĻ֮ôҾ͸ᣬĵҴ򣬿Ǿ˭ʤ˭
ȻҶڵ⣬ȷҪǿڳκˣǿǿɵ۵ˣҪֳʤ˭ԵҪ˭ʵǿ
ҶȻΪԼ仰õԼʰ·磬ԼȻҪսô㣡
ˣ
üѿҶ߷ٴһһңֱվ˸ԵıԴ֮¡
ҶԴ
ȻѾȫ˱Դ֮УôҶڽԼķٻҲ
мҡҡͷȥҲֻЩͶѣΪܴЩϲأ
ҶһЦҪϲҶĳϾ͸㣡
һ֮֮
֮Դ˫һɹ֮ƶʱͬʱƬ֮еˣܸоһԼԼһ˵֣֮۳һ˶ȭͷ
ڶɱ֮֮ɱ
ɱ֮Դͬ˫֮Уٴ۳һ޴罣
֮Ѫ֮ã
֮Դ֮⣬ٴγʮѪӣȻ۳һѪʮ˲Ѫչ˵ǰ
еͲмŨ񣺡˵ˣ㷭ȥôͣҶˣ
ȻҶȴڷѪͫѪȻҲ˫ڵĵ֮ڷ֮飡
£ѪҶӿֹâγһ߲ս
ţڷͫľڵ֮֮飡
žһӣƬ޵취ȻɳһŵĺɫھҶֳһɫս
Ҷ˫ֱԪһһһĵԪ֮һ֮Ԫ



2356 

Ҷĸֵʱ˶ˣ
ɵۺǧ޵ĿһĻˣĿɿڴ޷Լ۾
ͬʱʩչֲͬĵڳκ˵һʮּ򵥵飬ϾߵģǸֵȻҲøֵΪֶΣǣֵΪԴ֮ʩչĻǸˣ
ҪߵţͱҪ۳ԴһԴ֮ʿӵȥߵŵʸ񣬲ʱʼʿԼȻʩչĵȴһԱԴ֮ΪΪ
һǻ֮ΪħΪȻҲǱԴ֮ǿ֮
ֲʮֵԣΪֶεʱͽ׵ʿܿĲͬ
Ȼڣ˱ԴʩչֲͬıԴ֮⣬ҶıͷȻָʩչһֵңֱֵԴ֮û˿Ĳ
仰˵ֵͬҶıԴ֮
ҶһˣȻֲͬĵΪ˱Դ֪֮˴ʱ˿̵ˡ
ɵĿڵѹղ˵ǧʵƽȴڵģûи֣֮ûǿ֮ȻֵܹȫɵͬڱԴ֮Ĵڣ
ȻһԵħ˸ȵȣҶеƽȣô˵е˵ǱԴ֮еʩչ߱Դ֮
ħĻҲ˵ͲҪԴ֮ߣҲ˵ӵжֵҲӵжֱԴֻ֮ҪԸ⣬ֻҪ룬ܹʩչǧֱԴ֮
ⷬ˵꣬ɵۣ˳Ĭ֮УΪǵʵǵ۽磬һʱ֮䣬Ҳίʵ޷ʵ
ȻǧԵñȽ侲ĵͷղ˵ǷĿģΪûܹĻûܹԵĿڣʵжչָ˿ڵ⣬⣬ܹеԴ֮ʩչ
󣬷˫ֺʲŻ֮ҶӰȻһ񵽣ڵ⣬ȷǳ˵ϵκһˣҲԶԶ磡һǷߣųշ֮ƣƽȣôڵȻҲƽȣҴˣ
ɵҶƽǷ˼Ȼ֮еʿҲˡ
ǵȻвԸϣۿǰһĻȴﲻòϣҶĻڿȷмֵ
ʱ򣬿ɲǵȥҶڵʱ
Ҷ£ֵ۳ŵȻ
֮۳ɵȭͷ֮֮˺ѣ޾ڰݷɾΰ֮£׷ݣ
ɱ֮γɵ֮֮ɱصɱ⣬Ʋɵ
֮۳ɵѪȻû˵Ĵڣʮ˲ѪȴͬѪ֣ҪԶУ
֮ҶʱʩչĨɱǵУὫʬĴڣҶݽ衣
Ѫ֮Уһоһɫн֯һ𣬵ͬѪ֮۳һɫս
飬Ҳ⣬ȻƬ޿ƿտյȻĴڣΪҶԾ֮׶ϾƬ֮ڵУǳۺϳһɫս
ҶԪ֮ǽԪ֮ӵ˼£ҪԪ֮ޣȫԪ
ֵĹҶһ·ĵεΣ֮ǿ֮˰ɳѪɱ֮һս;֮Ϊֵ֮
Ԫ֮Ҷ⣬ҶҪ׻ܵľģ
Ȼ⻹Ҷʵȫչ֣
ִѾȫͬʱҶĵλãȻһѪɫ
Ѫɫȴûг񣬶ǳƬ޵˶Ŀ࣬ҶҪʲô
һ̣Ǿˣ
춯صͻȻ޵ת֮䣬Ȼ޹˹ȥ
һ֮Ѩڶ֮Ѩ
ҶѪ۶ڡѪսĲ䣬ѾɹĽѨλΪһ֮Ѩң֮ѨΪޣҵƬ֮дڵ֮Ѩ֮Ѩͬ˵
Ҷȫʵˣ
û֪Ĵ𰸣ǣȴҲûϣҶǿĹ֮£ܰȻ


2357 ֮ŭ
ڵϣȷǱȲҶʵĻڵĵȴҪҶǿ
Ҷֵ۶ɵĹѪɫɫȻأȴû˿ľš
Դ֮ɹâֱֻգһѷֱץסһա
ֹɣ۳Ҷ߰ٶʮѨλ֮ԼƬ֮͵ײ֮£Կ׻ٵһǳȻȴıԴ׾ٵץ
𣡡
ŭ֮ӿֻɽצڿзŭ˺ɳҪѵȻֻȴ֮ͬͨһ㣬ӲĽѹƵĶá
Ҳֻһûжʱȥʱѹס֮󣬱Դ̵֮ƿӿ
ɲǼһƬۻң޷ӿĵǺֵơ
ЩƾŸԵʶһ㣬ʵȴڵĲٿ֮£ʼᣬԼɼҲγҶֵ
һ޴ĶգסǴ֮ȭͷһ֮ݺݵײ֮
֮иɫֱֱĶӭʮ˲Ѫ
䣡
౬ը֮н֮ȭͷ飬ɱ֮ʮ˲Ѫڴ֮۵Ľ֮£Ȼ߽⡣
ҶֵĹ˲㱻
һѪӿͬһŴһſ˼£һھͽɫսͺɫսȥ
ֵĹȫ߽⣬ֻʣҶԪ֮ŹԪ֮ԽԽ
˿̵ɫҲӵأΪηҶյκεǶԪ֮ȴļɵ
ּɵΪδ֪
ĿǰΪֹҶԼ֮⣬ûκ֪Ԫ֮ԵҲֻҶԪ֮Ĺ
ƣ֮Ѫȫ˵ǰӭǸͬԪһĵơ
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Ԫ֮ײ˶ƣ֮һâ˸ͬ˻ıһ˲ڻ˿
ž֮ͶƵȫһҲ˲ڻѪȻԪ֮һûޱѪˮ֮УԪ֮ƵĹâȴǾòɢѪȴԼٶȲС
Ԫ֮ԪҲ⡣
׻ٵǰֵĹȴס򵥵һԪ֮ƣ
ۿԪ֮ƾԼԽԽԼܸܵдݷԼҲ֮ڻĹŹ͵һҧ˫һӡһһ꣡
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ɫ֮£Ŀһ˿˿ɫڵıԴ֮ڲѭھ֮תһ㣬Ӷһ˿˿ɫ֮

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Ҷɵ۵˶ǲȻɫΪȫϳˣʱ˿̣Դ֮תһ˿˿ɫ֮Ȼ˲ӵе
һΪƷ׼Ȼܹ
Ҷɵ۵˵Ѿ㹻࣬û뵽ǣת֮һȻҲӵʡ
֮УҶܹӵвʩչԪ֮⣬ھȻֶһˣ˻ԼķӲԼҪҶ·ȡķҪһ㡣
ŵԴ֮ĳ֣¶˷֮ɫſһʱ˳ĿзɳǸԪ֮ƣ͡
ȻԪ֮ƽ˵Դ͵ͬʱҶȴ˫һ
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Ԫ֮ըǰʱѹסҶ֮ը˿
ǿֲıըǻһ㣬ȻƬ֮ظ˺˿ûϵҶȻʱԪ֮ƣⲻ֮£ֱֻ۶ʱͱը֧顣
ԴԴǱֱըһ޴Ŀոյɫͬҵйһ㣬ӿӿ
Ҷ
һ̣ʼΪԼȲʤȯӵѹĵŭˣȻᱻʵԲԼҶ˳ҪǣǺòײŵıһըװ˷һ֣
Դ˲临ԭָҶˣҪ
δأ
ڵŭķŭԼŭʱ򣬺Ȼһ侲ȻڴţӰ˳Ҷߡ


2358 ҵһ
ȻҶԪ֮ƺѨıըˣҶԼڵҲòȥ
ѨҶȫ߰ٶʮѨλ֮ȫõ£ŽƬ֮ѨҳըھҶԼеը
ټϸղըԪ֮ƣɲͨĵƣҶԪ֮ĵƣȻĻѰƵըô˵˵
ֻһҶԼͬҲͬ;ƿһ㣬֮
ʵʼҶ׼ֽͬھķʽԸΪҪк֣ԷιЧ£Ӧԡ
ȻȻħֱӼıԴ֮ʱҶʲô˲ˡ
ΪħѪۣҶ㲻ҲԲѪ۾ΪƷɱ
ңΪҲҶеĪΣϾԼЩ·յԪѾ˼࣬޷䣬治һԪҲԸĵ֮һ
ɵԪ˳֮£Ҷûκεʤ㣬鼱֮£ֻǿнԪ֮ƺѨ
Ҷδ뵽ȴа˵Ҫˣӵڳ˳
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ҲӰ֮ϣÿ˶ں棬ʲôˡ
Ӱֱӳ嵽ҶߣҶҲ̧ͷ˹ȥһ֮£ϲ⣬ϲĽе
˳ıϣһˡħ죡
ղڶʿΪ˳ڰը˵䣬˳ԼȴǱץסֱӱɵ
û뵽ûڷӵڳǽħ˳
˳ӦҶԶĵͻȻٴαһŭ𣺡˳ԭǹⱻɣӶȳңȡеһ꣬ôĵӣ
ĻҶΪ֮𾪣ҲȻ
Ҫ֪Уת֮һ
УǸʱ򻹲Уֻһת꣩ںܾǰͱץסɣֻʱĵ꣬ӲǽԼһֳߣ˺С
ȻֱΪֹлûг֣Ҷ͵񣬶֪ںη
ô˵˳еһȡھǴӵĿУӲת
ΪѾ¸ݣҪ÷ˣ
Ҷ˸еģ˳ôģ
Եŭ˳ȴƽޱȣ΢Ц㲻£ȡ֮ʱҶûżɣҲŸոȡתʲôüģ
Ҫٴη˳ȴ̽ŵңȡߵĿɲеһ꣬ȡߵҵһ룡
һ룿
Ҷͬķɻ֮
˳ͷҵһ룬һ꣬µģ
˳͵ԻʱҶĪԺ֮ȴͻȻħ
磬ĻĹ꼧ʬҵ⣬ʣģӦҲ
УѾǵ꼧͸֮ӦûڣһҺ˿֮뼧֮УͬʱҲܽӺϻ˶ҳ
ʬӣкӺϻˣټ֮
ħһĻȻҶĪȫ˹
ʦҪԸ𣿡
ľ֮Уһֱһ˵˵ֻҪ֮ӣ
вΪ˸ڵѰžŸӵ䣬Ǿշתֱ֮ʱҶͬǣһҺеļ˺ϻꡣ
ڣҪĪҳʬҪʣȫҶ׼õõ֮οԼҲĹ˼꣬ҺԼ˺ϻ꣬ôһȻ˵Ҫ
ȻҶ뵽һ⣬æŵʦĿǰΪֹӰµԾɲȱһӣܸ𣿡
΢΢һЦھԶ֮ҪͷͰºϻˣ˵ҲˣĶţȻʦ֣У
ʲô
ҶԼĶǲǳ⣬ôӰºϻˣԼĶţԼҵʦ֣У


2359 ֮
ȻҶǳɻ󣬵ʦĴߴ£ûʱȥ˼ɢȥʼѰźӺϻˡ
ĪȻҲǻصĹ֮УѰʬӡ
֮ܵУӺϻĹˣ˳Ͱ֮⣬ˣһǾڵĺˣ죬һºһǬԼ裡
ºϻǵڣǵ΢ˣ䴴սֱڣҶʹá
ʵϣ΢˲࣬е磡
ϻĶҲǵΪ˶׽ãӵ΢µ΢츮֮УҸΪ俴Żеˮ
ǬҲҶͽ֮һ
ҶǿԴʱһҪеֵܣǬǬ
аԴƻҲǱµĵ֮ҶǶΪͽܣǬ˻죬ǬǱҶߣĺеϾŽͼ˺ϻꡣ
裬ǬһҲǰԴˣİԴ壬ֳӵ죬ͷ棬Ҷ뿪ʱö˸Ҷһ뿪յõϰˣţĺϻꡣ
ˣ궼ǸҶһǰ죬Ѫ֮һ𣬻˻ȪǺҶʱֱߣողųŵѵĻᣬ˳
ҶҵͬʱĹ֮Ҳѣ
еߣΪѣصǺóܳԣܹ֮õҲΪΪҶ־˱޺ߵĶӣߣҲСΪ˱Ҷ͸һ
˭Ҳû뵽һзľǱҶĪΪСԵѡ
ĿǰΪֹ֮֮УҲֻһûбκ˺ϻ꣬ȻⶼҪҶĪ˶ıʼ԰ȫͷյĻ֮С
СԿҶֻ˶۾̸֮һˮȻЩĪߣǾͺĪһʼ˼£龧ʯʳιԼˡ
ٴοҶֱ޲̾ͳ嵽ҶߣȻĪѾǰкֻ˫ĿĿҶ
СԣҶҲĻ䣬Ҳ¶һ˿Цݣ˵ͷ
º;ˣͿҶҶûʱ䣬ԲûйҶٻȻҲͬæߵһ
ȻС뵽ʲôſͣҶĿһɨͿż춼µĴ֮УһϤӰе϶ɱԵ
ʵǸҶ˺ϻ꣬ΪǸʱҶǿ˲ٵʵҶĹڽ֮أķĹ֮ʱȴ֮ܵӰ죬ӲĽ֮˳
֮ҲסĹ֮УСһ
ҶһɨڳЩˣаš
϶ºڳڣڰڣˮھڣСԣϰţڣϾŽͼǬڣ֮ӣͲϴˣ
ڶʦڣҶȻ޷仰˼εҡҡͷӾѾȫڣ͵ҵʬˡ
ȻʱĪһ˿ŵȻҶĶͬʱ𣺡ˣǰʬѾˣ
ˣ
ҶʱΪ֮һȻüͷҲ΢΢һ壬ȴû̫ȣþͲˣ㿴ʬû𻵣ֻҪҵһ߾У

ĪеԥΪȻѾˣǵķĹȻ޷鿴ֻȥڿĹ൱ĲοҪеķĹĶڿһ顣
ȻҲĪԥΪĹ֮ȥ£ίʵе֣ɣ磬ȥİɣȥ֮⣬ʬѵѡˣ
ҶæѰʬӺϻ֮˵ʱǱ˳Ȼں͵˵ŻȻڹʱ䡣
˳˵ĻȷǸеǳɻټҲ޿֣ΪƾĿǰʵϳ֣ҲĶ֣οͬԼĵδҲż֣ϣȴ˳Ŀе֪ЩԼеɻĴ𰸡
˵ȡߵһģʲô˼ѵеת˸ŵҼǵӦ֮ת˳㵽˭
ʦҵˣʬ𣡡
ͬʱĪ˷ܵҲҶĶУ΢΢һЦãڣǾü渴


2360 
磬Ĺ׼֮޷֧֮ԱҪ֮֮֮꣬ٻأ
ո£Ĺ֮϶ȻһâҶͬһֻצһֱӽҶĹ֮С
Źâ֮£Ҷ¶˾ϲ֮ɫΪܵһǿѾʣ޼ġԪ
ԭĪСǰԴַռԪʱĪ޷ЩԪԭǿǣĹԣ
ĪͲٿĹ˴֮Ԫͳͳ뵽Ĺ֮УǽᣬԪҶڡ
Ҷ壬ѾԪɲӵе壬ֹԪ˿õĻκεĳܲס
ȻЩԪԴԴϵӿ룬ҶѾտҲ壬³üƣ;ƿݵҶҲٴλָ״̬
磬лл
ҶվĹ֮еʱѾ
ĪЦŵҪлĲңСݣ
Ҷ磡
һССӰ˷ܵĽֱҶĻУǺþòСݡ
Сݣллˣ
ҶСݵԴΧѾΧѣҲֻǵ˵ͷǴ˸к
ΪʱޣиҪȥǾǳŵԼ˵Ŀ֮ǰ渴
ҶǰһɵĽɫ֮ϵ۶ЩĹѣɢһɲɣϢ
ʬȻѾ˺ܾúܾãȴļΪã˶޷ҲֻҶ֮ǵõ˲ּ洫еܹκ谭վʬ֮ǰ
ǰҾ͸㣡
֮Ҷ֣ͬߴɣ˫֣Ȼֱӽʬᱧ
磬뿪
һ̣ҶʬƬ֮С
һǿϢӴ壬ʿȫ˾޴֮УҲ΢΢һ𣬾û뵽ڴʱ˿̣һ֡
棬棡
֮δ뿪һ峤ʱżȻǶףҶҪ֮Ը
Ȼɽ粢޵Уǵ֮Уȷ޵еĴڣôҲĿԺ͵һƴ֮
ӣҺ
ħŴ˳ı˫ָּӵӡԼüһġ
ʱһ𣬶֮Уһֱ֮꣬ӳ˼ʬ
֮ӣ֮ػ꣡

ºڣǬ裬˳Сԣеϥеüѿ
Ϳһâ˵ܹ˵âǰ̵ĳʬ֮С
ʱҶҲлῴʦ˵ӰºϻĶźʦС
һͨˣΨһͨ˫֮ƣҶڸո·ʱعţ
عţţԭξ֮УҲʵģ
ʱ˿̣عͬϥնụ̈һâ׷ǰ˵â֮ꡣ
飡
һ촫һüĳĹâȳʬ֮С
ͬʱһͬһڼְ𣺡Ӱ£ظأǣɱöצӳ磬պۣߴԣ⥣ӻģģӱˮϲˮˮѣʳóԣڣţΣӽͼ֮ĩӣβ
飡
촫ӵľŵâͰҪȺûĸλ֮С
ҶҲʱһָüģӼǵõ֮ͻ˼֮С
ţٴ𣺡֮ӹλңһ弧֮꣬ΪƷһ֮ţش˾֮֮꣡
䣡
֮ϣȻһʺĻ棬ѪҺȼһⲢѪҺɫɫ
¡¡
֮УȻһľ죬ţһĶصɽȻ֡
֮ţ
˷ܵĵһ壬궼֮УֻΪֹû֪ؾںδûĳԹҪĳλˣû뵽û뵽
ʱɽ֮󣬶ȻһޱȲɣ˼棬ٻ֮꣡


2361 ˸Ӱ

𣡡
¡¡
һɽʱͻȻ֮ѿһ֮һâѿ֮һ㣬ֱ֮С
ۡһ֮ǶȼŵĻʱǡϨ
ǰһĻĻ׵סˣȻԸĴڣǵһУûһܹʥ˵ܹлῴˡ
ָѾ˵Ŀɿڴɵɵվ֮⣬жһƬհס
Ҳһһֱھעһй̵ķȻѾµҶЩôĿģȴûֹΪǿҵţ˵һոոɽһ峤ˣԼǰҲҪ׳Ƴ
ڣ˵Ŀ⣬ǵĿ⣬Ǽ˼ϣΪֱڣ廹һ̲סỳɣǲǸ֮ûЧ
뷨ոմĳЩ˵Ժ֮гֵʱʼսżҶĵͻȻɿ˫֡
𣡡
ţſ֮ͣĵһ
֮жʱһɿ񱩵磬ŵڵλãϯȥ
ˣ
˫Ҳ⣬֮ͬ˵
ĸˣ
һ̣Ҷޱȵ˷ܣж⣬Ϊͼ棬Ѿֿ̫̫õʱ䣬ԭΪҲȴû뵽澹Ȼˣ
棡
ǧ޿Ż֮ļ棬̲ס૿ڣҪ֪ںܾúܾǰ֮Իǰ磬ҲΪػ硣
䣡
һӣͬһɿ񱩵ӿ̾ͽͽķ飬ٴ¶ӵЦݵΪٻܶԸˣȺϣ̫ˣСǿԳΪҵ
𣡡
һ⻰ʱŭβһ˦Ӵ壬֮ͬһ㣬ŵ˹ȥ˺ܹӵ˿ٶȵġ
屾ͳɣټٶ˾ˣ˲Ϣ֮Ѿ˵ǰʢŭ֮£ûжκεķβݺݵŵȥ
һ壬ǿޱȣ˽֣ҲȷǺٶ÷ƾӭС
˵ǿʢ壬˿Ԫɵ塣
ȻǰļǸոջ긴ҲǴ֮ãһβȥȻ׵Ļٵһž޴ǳ
βĹƳˣΧٵʿܵ˲һȫ⣬ֱӱ޵
䣡
Ȼܣβݺݵһ춯صıը𣬵ıԴֱӱҵķѣը˿
Ծ
Ҷ˳ͬʱڣǰΪ˹졣
ԵʵҪܿβʵ׾٣ܲҲҪñԴȥܣϾ𻵣ڱҲźܴӰ졣
ǵƫƫôˡ
ܿ죬˾֪ԭˡ
ըĵûȫɢǻһȻż˽ȥ
ҪԪ
ȷ֮ԲûֹٻĿľΪıڵԪϾղΪƷԪһɢҪϵõ䡣
֮ҶȻӲܣȻһ˵񣬶ȴһЦżҶѵ㲻𣡡
ͻȻһ֣һХ֮У˸ӰȻ֣õҶǰ
˸Ӱһ
ҶǰζʱͣŵסԼȥ·İ˸Ӱҧá֨졣
飡
Ԫ֮֮ɵ飬飬ǵĳ֣·ı־ѶţҲ֮Ϊǿʥ
վҶǰģڻļҵ飬ԼڷսѾҶǰ¾Ȼˡ
е飬ҶǼΪϤ빲ѣһ·ƶı
֮飬ɽ飬飻飬£ˮ飬ϣ飬ģľ飬ľ
нҶδĻ飡
ȫޱվȻѾٿأʶվǰҶ
κ˶û뵽ȻὫȫ룬ƿԼУʱٻ˳Ҷ
תͷ˻ȻһԼ棬һЦ𣿷ģҲŵģҲΪ㰲˼ѣ
޴Ӱı֮˼ܣΧ


2362 ű
ʥ֮ģټһħ죡
ϵʥް׻ˮϵʥ䣬ϵʥ룬лϵʥȸΨľϵʥ
ΪڵҶ׷ɱԼͽɵʱ֮ʹɣҶɱ
˵ʥȷѣΪǶǲڵ֮飬ɽ磬ֻֻʥޣȻͬһϲ棬ȫƣΪĹߡ
飬סҶֻʥޣס
ת֮䣬˸ոռݵһƣѾȻ޴棬Ҫ֮С
ҶȻõԪĲ䣬»ص۷״̬飬ȴǰ֮ɣʵȻҲǿ֮οǴҶѣҶǣҶµ֣
棬ڵ֮޵еĴڣȻֻʥ۵ʵȷҪѷһǼ治ոոҲɽ磬ӵе󲿷ںΪһ֮֮꣬Ҳ֪ܷӮֻʥޡ
˵ɫ±ϾڵĴŴɫ԰ףΪǱɣԪˣֽԼϻļ֮ųѩϼ˪ʱȴȻվ˳
ʦ
ԯ콾Ҫ嵽ʦǰѾõʦĴû񿴵ʦٴμѵվҲ˲κεĹǣæ˹ȥס塣
콾û£
ʦԸɣ
ż콾Ȳ㣬ҲǶҪе飬죬ѪһţҪ͵֮һ׵˽ᣡ
˵֮ȻӿһѪ֮УеأɽˮУĶ磬Ѫ硣
Ѫ֮УһӰ˳һԯ콾ǰѪһŵˡ
Ů۷࣬׶ʦ࣡
񣬳ȥѾ;˵еع֮⣬ѪһŵĴȫˣȻںսȻڵĶ֮С
Ҷӻ֮ؾȳ֮˾ͷɢֱѰڸ֮еˣҶȻһûҵȴһʹ˳ʱľٶĽץ˻
׶ʼձ˵統УǺһǱ˳һһȳģ˳˳㽫ս;ھȳõ˫ۺ͵ը˳ҵ˻ᣬֻȴǼ
˫ʧĿ׶Ҳɫ԰ףȻͱץס˵ūūĴۣ֮Ǳȥ
ʦ
ĸͽܣȫǰĽѸٷڲ֮ʱɱ˵֮ʦͽ˺úžһ£
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ȵȣǣǹͬĵˣôѪһе
һϵϵȰλߣͬԼȭͺڰ˶˹
ʦλǰʦ֣ȥҷһ֮
˵ȻĪ磬ʵڲģҶһаˣĪ󣬽𣺡Ҳһȥ
ʿһ̣ȫվ˳ģǼ⣬ԵͬǿǰǱҪ׳ԼһȻһȵҶʧܣǵȴǵĽӵĿ¡
ѵõĶʱ˸ַЭվһʿ˿̵ʵǳ˸пû뵽һ죬һʱ̵ĵ
ԲͬʿֶԵУ
ȻһԵ˳ûٸ˵ıԣԲΣȻָǣ˶İţô˵Ǿô
˳еϤеİϤȻ֪˳ʼҶǿľʦ֪Ҷɹ˶ٵѹء
Ϥ˳ˣ·ȴǻҲ˵й˳ĴţολҶʦͦ˳Ȼκ˶鶼û顣
ʱ˿̣˳ɫȴҲǿǰأעڶŵԼϥƺ޹ؼµĵ񣬳ŵ飬ʥ޶ܵ˵Ĳٿأǲܽɱֻ취ϿֲٿأڵӦռҲֹ
λ֮У˭ó֮ģ֮̿ж˭ڲõһ˿꣬Ȼ취жϣȻĻʱЩˣܻܿᷴã
磬Ĺ֮еˣ϶ûЩǣѡ˳ҽ̸һ󷨡
ãĪ̵ͷָָԾԾԵʱ˳ȴ⿪ڵ£


2363 
Ϊʲô
˳仰ʱһ㶣ž͵Բ۾ƺ޲˳
ƢͼΪ꣬ͺöĹ֮бչôʱ䣬ֶҲҪﻵˣ뿪ĹһӲ̿ɴ򣬿ҵ˻ᣬ׼ݺȥɱһ
Ȼû뵽˳Ȼһ͵
˳Ŀһ۵ܱһᣬҿҪߵţԾԲð˿գ
˵֮˳㲻ʼ˷Ӧ
ȴͷˮɵɵվֻʣĸڲϵĻţߵţ
ʵ֪֪֮꣬Լʵʿ⻹󣬵ҪΪˣǾǳ˵ΣȻڣ˳ȴƶĸԼԼܱΪҪԼߵţԲԼ˿ʧ
񲻾ǵ˵ԼлΪˣ
˵ʵԼĻʵ˳Ѿ˰ΧҪҲ϶Ҫ˳ϸϸĽ
ڣȻֻһһɵɵķˡ
ò˵˳λǽȷ˵ģİ֮£ԭͬһɢɳˣܿ;Ȼķɢ˿
˳ְţĪһɻ󣺡ĲðҶ𣿻УŵҲ𣿡
ãܹԸ顣˳һѾսҶֿ˿ʼһͬɮ붨ĵڵӦûŵûʹȵó֮ٶԸ
еƣ
˳Ļ˶ʱ˲˼ͷѪۣƭȥȣڻĵڴʿһ˿꣬˵ҰнĴʥ޶ΪУԼԪȻеδʩչ
˵ľȣ˳ȴǼΪ򶨵΢΢һЦΪ˽죬׼ʱ䣬ƶȻҲǺһŵƣҲĵƣ
˳Ȼǲ׼ϸ˵ˣҲϰĪ䣬˭Ҳûٿѯʣڸɢ
ʱҶǱȻֻоŸˣսļҳ̶ȣֱǧ
ĹʽΪȴǿ֮֮ǵУʹָٿص硣
ֳֽϵʥ긫ǷǳɴһͷһͷҶϿȥ飬ؼĽ֮ٻ͹ÿһͷ޼᲻ݵķâܽһ޴ѷ졣
ľ˵ҶģҶԴڷսһʱ䣬ܹƿľ֮սḻеľϵʥ֦ԴԴϵͷųǿϵơ
ģҶʶͬҶһʱ䣬Ȼȴһս֮󣬱ץߣ񱻵ٿԸҶȻ֮أǲû֮һɽƾճ֣ϵҶȥ
飬һͷ췢ŮӣͱץסҶ޹ϸ֪ûбٿأǴͷų棬ȴ޶ա
ˮһԭСƧʿҶڷսнʶΪˮ飬ˮ֮ĲٿʵǷ˼Ҷ֮ܰڣȫˮÿһˮҶޱͷۡ
úҶĹϵȻ˵ˣ£ҲҶĿǰΨһеο飬ԭѾˣȴΪڷԼ֣ӶȻ
ǿҲҶϤĺɽҶڵĺ죬Ǵʱ˿̣ȴҲòӲǾޱĺԪϮ
˫ʶĻҶҲӦ˼ѣ޷ȥ˺еκһǰȴǺ޹˼ɣÿһγֶȫԸҶ֮
ȻҶҲֻȫİǿѾȫ˺ɽ֮УҪжϰ͵֮ϵʹӺϵΪеĺɽȿʼ
ȻϧǣֱڣȻûзֵ񾿾βٿǵġ
䣡
ҶٴǱĶ㿪˺ɽһֹ֮޿̵һץס˺ɽ֮£ʱİΧһտ֮ɲ֮γһƬ纣ͺɽ
ɽĳ㻹ǵֻ֪ʱԣ϶ѹú룬ǵһɹһһٵģ
꣡
֮е磬޾һ㣬ȫźɽȥͬʱҶ֮ϸֳһһĵƣҳڣ֮֮ˡ


2364 
ҶеǡӲÿ³һ֣ںɽ֮ϾͻӦһ֣ϷɳĵƣҲֱںɽ֮ϣͬһơ
ΪɽƳʱ򣬾Ȼ۳һĵƣҶΪǿǽӡϡ
Ҷͬĵƺ͡ٽĲ䣬ϣܹúɽָԭеǡ
ȻɽĶȻԾϲ䣬ȴǻȻδһֱȫֹ
Ҷʱһϲ˵ЧʱѾٴθ˹֮£Ҷһҧһ磬
Ҷٶ磬Ƭ֮л֣һɾɢƣȫקС
ǰ֮£ٻ˵ʵҶ˵൱ðյһ顣
Ϊ֮вǿһˣǡǡ෴ҶΪǣҵ飬ο˵ǵԣǸֶܵԼ
ǽ磬ͬŴһܹɹϻǻҲ类ϻٵ
ҶҲûа취ȲֻɱǣҪһѹֻܽԼ֮ʱֱƬ̶С
ΪˣҶǲϧԼ߷ٻ˳δõĻ긮ҲԻȽ긮֮УӶ̶ܹϱ粻ܵ˺
ҶԼȻԻѺɽ
֮أҶ֮Уֻʥ֮սҲ뵽˰Ȼ״̬
ȷ˵Ӧֻʥ޺һֻħ޵սҶǱҪ׳ۺͼңÿߵľ޴ͣ;мѹǸͷųģΪʥ޺ħ޵ǿڳĲʿη壬Ҫ³ͷ
ʵ沢ûҶĹ˼ɣΪһ壬Ǹ߸ϵģͬΪʥޣǰҲҪ׳³ֻʥ޵ϹȫûԼȫ
ֻһ֮Կʥޣеĵ֮гȡΪԪҲвûһṦ򣬾Ѿܵ˺ȴ޿κΡ
ʱףĪ磬ϵˣ˳ķԸֱ󷨣ħ죬ʥȸ˿Īһ˶Կʥȸü˴Ϣ֮
ͬʱʣʿҲûţȫħԻ֮ǵ꣬ѰµĿԲٿǵꡣ
˵Ҳǿڳôʿ֮أ֮ģֻħһˣΪ֮ʼձռݣҪôʿǽ벻ˣҪôǽ֮Ҳ޷뿪Ȼܸ֮ˡ
ˣֻħһˡ
˳עǴ󲿷ּʼδĵϣͬʱвתͷ
ûв´ĻӦûŵƣһţǺð죬ŵƣ֪ǷҲʵܷƽ⣬еĻȻ޷ıĽʲô취ܹ͵񿹺أ
ȻԷĵƣһߵ˳ߵ˵ѣڵڱĿ붨ȥ᲻Ч
ƣ·϶ǱΪܹҶᲢ۵ˣǵҶչֳʵ̶֮뷨ԼҲٱ뷨
ˣҲʮԸ˳˺ͬԿ
Ϊ磬ܱвأټʵǿᣬӦпܱóġ
ֻҲ֪˳⻹⣬ûǶָκ񣬶ȻԶĸʵڲľԼ˽˵Уվ˳ӧ
ǣ˳۾Ȼһ뵽ʲôһǶ˵ıԴ֮ǲһΪһΪս
ͬʱͷ
Եķ磬ûдߣֻгеߣʱڵĳеߣеǽ
ȻǱ˾עĶ󣬶ıԴ֮ս֮
˳¶Цݵ֣𿴵ڱĿ붨ʵϣŵûзųΪΣգǿԷģһ˻дóҪڣ˳ǺһҲһ򽣵һս
ˣ
ме㸴ӣûʱϸ˵ңҲȥģ


2365 ŵ
ʱ˵ĵȴ˫Ĵս֮вţ֪˶֮ͻȻ顱һ촫ʱ˵עȫ˹ȥ
ȻĪǱߣ
Īղŵһ˽ʥȸ߲סǺͻ˻壬ھǺȸڱƴ˭Ļ͡
ҵĽս֮ڷֳʤ
ĪȻѾ˻ˣӴɢ棬ӲĻ棬ȸ֮
գɹĽȸҴȸѸٴսȦص˳ߡ
ĪָΣɫе԰ףĵҲ
ˣϽúϢһ£
˳ȴߵͬһȸԣɢȸ£ȸ֮ĵӣԼѾˣҲúϢһܻҪ鷳㣡
ˣ
ȸٴȼһСɵĻ棬˶һ˳ȴǺ⣬עȸӴѸСձһˡ
˳Цеĵ𣬺þòˣɺã
ˣǵҶ˳ڷսĲȸ֮û뵽Ҳץˡ
Ѿ˵ֻǿһ΢ЦȻָָԼؿڣ˼˵Լڡ
ȸսܣǱ߽Ҳڷֳʤ
ڱֵֻʥ֮󣬼ѹԼ˲٣俴ΪĹ֮Īȸüһ㣬һβݺݵʥް׻Ȼˮ֮Ϊˮϵʥ޵ס
ֻʥ֮ͻȻһھŵǰڣٻص֮ӡ
뿪̸֮Իع鱾ߺϻ֮壬ҲһѾǾƣս治ǱƳǶпĺͼ泹ںϡ
ʱ򣬼濴ŵŵҵѾմɸһս
ʼĵڼ£۾˼һۣͻȻһ˶ӡֱż˹ȥ
顱һ澹ȻͷӿӴͱһƸֱȷ˳ȥ
С棬ƾ㣬ûʸսң˵֮󣬵±۾
ͻȻı仯ٴĿɿڴǵƶˣ󱳶ðһ亹ǸղŻû͵ϮҿûȥȻĻһƶܽǻ
ղȻֱǿ࣡
ѵã
𣡡һŭǴ޾ͷһ㣬ӴѾٳ˹Ȼڸղŵһƣŭ˼㡣
Ȼʱ˳ȴƽĿڵڲĶˣ
ΪʲôȻתĵ˳
ǿֻڵʵǶҪղһսڸûжٵˣԣǿԭ򡣡
ʲôԭ򣿾Ȼô̵ʱھͱǿôࣿ
ʵԽߣҪһ̨ףѶȻҲԽ󣬸˵ܹ࿹ĵˣ˵ҶһӦòʵĿռˣʵ޷󣬾ʲô취ܹʱΪ
˳˲׶ǰԭӦúɣ
׶Դӳ֮һֱΪήң˿˳ĻŲϵȴ¶һ˿Ц˵ͷҵȷΪǾҰƵģ

֮֮ĵҩƣ˵ʵǵ׶׶
׶ֻ֪Լץū֮ǰµĵѾƵˣղ뿪ʱ򣬵ûбƳɹʮʱ䣬ȥһֵҩ֪ıˡ
ղŵӦþڽеƣ֮ԳɹǵԼΪ˼Ʒ
˳ӹӦþǵһŵƣȻѾƳɹұ£ôĵڶŵӦҲˣǰ
˳ʦȻȴܸܵ˳Ŀ⣬ͷ͵һѾĹͷӦҲˡ
ȻûмǱȻ͵һ
˳飬ʥޣʵͷβһУʱ䣬ĿģΪ˵ȴ͵Σ
Ȼ֪Ϊʲô粻˵ʿʵ
˳һ̯˵𣿴ֱ֣ڣʼնں͵Կѵãлƻ𣿡
һ仰ʱ֮Ϊ֮˽˳ĪȴǽŵʵӦҲжԲ˰ɣ


2366 Ĳ
˳Ŀ⿴ԶǸĶԲߣҶˣ׼Ҳˣֻܿˣ
ʵ˶ף֮սܷʤȷʵҪҶΪҶУΨһһ͵Կˡ
ֻеΣÿ˶޷Ҳ֪Ҷһ֮Կ飬ˡ
Ƭ̹ȥϵڳɹĽħʥܲҴ˻ȻĿǰΪֹǶѾָѣһҲǾƣ;ƿݣûս֮
˵ƿԼĿģΪҪΪԼıȡʤֻǽǵӣҶǱǿߵʵ
ڣĿѾﵽˣȻȫָѣҶߣѾû˿õĸ֡
ӴĹ֮ϣڵĴÿһδĹΪ֮𶯡
֮ӣǺϻ֮˻СԣҲһĿ붨
ֻʥޣͬƣʱڸָܻ
ϵˣͬĪڣҲڸղŵĴ֮УĴ
Ҳ˵һȵƣҲûκʿܹ΢ǣסһᣬȻδ뿪Ҷ
еʿȫ˳ɫҲޱȵأҶϵĻһжΪ֣ûκֹܹ
ɵ۵ˣҲͬޱȵĽţ˭Ҳûע⵽һѾǽΪǧޣ˿ͷ۵Źâ

һЦͬһ㣬Ƭ֮˵Ķÿ϶¶һ˿֮ɫѾ˫ۣվĵ
ȻѾɹˣ
ղųɹƳ˵ֳɹƳ˵ƿŵơ
վĿһɨܣЦŵˣڣҪ˭赲
ȫû˿˵Ϊ˵ʵһôõĴ򶷣ʵ˷Ҷ֪ﻹܹס
ԸǸᣬԸڳڱôǵұһ̤ɽ磬ȵɵ֮󣬵ȵΪ֮ʱһһ۹ͣ
ʱĵȻûбȴȻԼоֹ֮䣬ҲȷΪеǣ߸ϣǣ󣬶ԼֳһɫԲͬߵķһ
ʿڸûУΪǵŨŨη壬ŨŨԱ
ȻѾʿ濼ǵ񿪳ȻǸԭȵĵ֮жһǸ߸ϣ·ϣɽ֮Уȴʲô㲻ϡ
ȻûԸ⳼˽£ǵʵ࣬Ϊʵ񣬰ǰʱ򣬲ȴԸѡ񳼷
ٻܻţܱȳ׵ҪõĶ࣬ο񿪳ʵջ
ܹɣһܳΪһ֮£֮ϵĴڣ
ʿ׷ĲǳͰǰΪʲôȥץסأ
˶Ѿ׼̤ڵǰһʱ򣬺Ȼһ΢𣺡ڳ㲻˵𣿡
֮ڣһѪҶƣվ˵ǰ
ҶȻˣ
磬ȻûκӰгӦҶսʤ飬ΪˣҲ˼ĴۣȻʵѪõ֤
ĪסԼͣΪԼгӶҶģеˮȴֹס¹䡣
ħʶҶˣ֮ɫĬĬעҶֻ˳ڿҶͬʱ˫֮ȴȻĸֳ֮г죬֮г˵ء
ҶƺԾ΢΢һЦҶ֪㻹ҵģֽԼֵѵĸоôڵ㣬ʲôأԪ֮壿
ңֻҪһţҰľͱʵ֣
Ҷ˺ۣȴͦñֱɫ԰ףȴ
ǲߴӰվͬһԶҲ޷ԽԶҲ޷µɽһ㣬ηȻ𾴡
ЦָҶҶҶ֪ǵĵλ˫ӣĿɼΣ㻹̫Բ
ҶĴ˵Ļ˵ˣҲʲôλҾңҶ
ҡͷʱ㻹Ըϣ˫Ȿҵݣʲôóϵģ˵֮⣬˫ת
ԸϣΪĲǣһƽȻ𣺡Ҳǵ˫𣡡


2367 ת
Ҳǵ˫𣡡
һ仰Ƭ֮أʿɽ磡
˵Ŀȫ˵֮˵ϣĿ¶⣬˵֮ˣҶ
Ȼ˵ʵ̫Ϥڴ˿̣Ҳͬţһͷȥ˵֮ˣΪԼֵܡ˳
ǵλת
ǵ˫𣿡
˫ӣ
ɽ֮Уעǣе𾪣׷׿ڡ
ɵۺ𣬸üͷ塣
ǵĿ֮УһֱΪҶǵĵλ˫תȻʼʱйɣȴ𽥼ţûϵʱųǽ˳ȻվԼ˫ת
᲻Ǽٵģ
ӦǻΪ˰ҶŹԼ˫İɣ
𾪹ʾÿ˵
˵Ŀ⣬˵𾪣˳ȴԵޱȵƽ˫ѾָϻЦݣηĺ͵š
㲻˫ӣ㲻֮תȻЦһлع˳Ļ
˳ȴЦҡҡͷ񰡵ǴһͿһʱȻ㶼˵ˣ֮תô㽫֮ȡߵʱǲҲӦñɣ¹Ϊ֮ˣ
ʱס
ȷ˳ֻ֮תô֪֮һ壬꽫֮ߣôӦý˳һߣֻܵȡ֮ȴȻ˳
仰˵˳ȡ֮ʱʵӦ׹ȡߵĲ˳֮
Ȼ˳֮ת뷨ҲͲˣ
ȻͨȻҡͷǣн֮ǿзѳתɣô˵Ҳ˫𣡡
ʱҶת壬˳۹֮ԴѯʣΪ˳֮ʱͨԪ֮˳ǰ˳ûǰĻֻ֮С
ʱ˳ҶԺ𣺡ץʱָӵʱ䣬һ᲻ʲô취һҪ͵ߣȻս;ڣԼ֮
Ҷ΢΢һæҲƭ񣿡
ûУ˫תû´ĻڽеʱӦûңˣʱޣһͻˣʲôҪܣһסץʱָ
ⷬҶȻˣļ֮УתĹ̵УǸͻȻ֣ײɾŷݵĵڶ㣡
ǵڶ㣬ԭ˫
һ̣ҶнˣȻһЩɻ󣬱ǵͷתɽһ㣬ǵ㣬ԼȻöԷʦУȴе㲻ԣӦתһȴɢĵڰ˸㡭
Ҳûʱ˼ΪȷҪ˳Ϊȡʱ䣬ץָ
˳˵Ķ𣺡񣬽ҾװɣʵҰģѾ֪תʱұѡ㹲ͬתӶļƻ󣬱˾Ÿͬ
ײҵĹ㣬ԭ㣡
Ҳļ䣬ʱȻ׹
ң˳ͷײңתھŸ֮УҲһң
µʱԻˣʼհŵҶҲԻˣȻ˳˫Ϊʲôֱľŷ֮һ
ʵҲ㣬ҰģҲŹ˵ͷԣΪ˽죬ƣ˲㰲ţڣҲò㣬ֻҪ޷ߵţԶܳΪ󣡡
ΪŸתеһͻɽ磡
Ҷ͵񣬶ǻصɽĹ㣬ǱΪǸ㣬ǽײɾŷݵĵڶ㣬ԭ
˳֮£תʱḶ́
Ϊ˳ɾԼҰģѡǰתȴ˫ǰ֪˫ͬһתڰ;֮Уɹ󣬲ҽײ˾ŷݡ
еһתײɽ磬ԼȡǸתΪ˾Ÿеһ
Ϊֹ㣬㼴ڿ˹䣬֪תҲ޷Ϊҹһ޵Ĺ㣬㽫ĵڰ˸ת
ɢûת˿Ϣûеĵڰ˸㣬˫޵Ĺ㣡


2368 ǿ
ΪתУҪȥһ޵תԪˣȥתĳԼò͵͵ĲĵתҲеת֮Уεֻ֮УϢָ
֪ΪʲôΪ˫𣿡
˳ѯʣû˿ķӦȻѾ˾޴𾪣Ͷת̵ϸ֮С
Ҫ˳ĻҪŬ֤˵ĶǼٵģпܳΪ󣬲ܳɾԼҰġ
Ȼûлش𣬵ȴʱͬĿڵΪ˫꣬ͱҪһ꣡ԱΪ˫£ֻ֪
Ҫ˶һ꣬һָʱ䲢Ҫ̫ãû뵽㾹Ȼǰеתҽץס֮£ֻܽҵֿһıɣҲǸղҸոȡһ꣡
һ꣬Ծɲ֮Уתʱֳһ⣬Ϊ֮תУƺʲôǾȻӲĽҵ֮֮꣬Уǿиѿֽ͵˻磬ɴҵ֮תųΪ˽ң˳
㶼˰ɣת࣬Ҳҵʵݣ˳עŵ
ڶڳĬţΪιʵ̫۸ӣں֮ܶ󣬶ͷͣȫ޷һС
ֻҶʱ򳤳ĳ˿ȫ̡
ȷǷѳ˾Ÿתֻһɽ磬˳˵۵ڻ磬·Ʋֻ֣Ҫûߵţṳ̂ɽ磬ôͲܳΪ
ߵţҰѾ¶ɽɵۣԸҵһת
˵ʵǶˣǲƻеһӣҶȻ˳Ǹ˷ķֹȫţ˵࣬﷢һУɽ֪ȫֹ񰡣
˳ҶĻ˹˼ЦŴˣҲǲǰո֪֮ʶ˴֮Ҹ֮֮󣬲һС
УȻҪֹֹߵţΪƾԼ򲻿ţ㻹ǵûڣ˵֮жڵԼ𣿻ǷսеǵǵߵɽŵԿף
ҶȻһΪʲô
֪ʵϼһŻҲһһסʿ֮·ҪһǱҪڸǧ֮ҵԼıԴ֮ԱԴ֮ΪԿףпܴ
Ḷ́һԼԿףǧḶ֮́·ݲðͶȡɣ֮ķʽĵĳΪԼĵԼбԴ֮ûоǧҲ򲻿
ڶ취ǿк俪Ҫ
ʵ֪ĵһ취вͨһֱ׼ģǵڶƵĵƵĵΪ˺俪
У˶Ϊ֮ڿѰתֻΪ˳ɾʵǣ뿴Ŀǰİ˸תҰģǣս⣬֮һ棬Ƶһ棬飬ЩڱΪҰתĵ˵Ҫ𣿡
ǰ
ҶҲ˼ЩȷҪκһҪԭܼÿһٴεЩ
ѾһˣӵԼҰģӵԼİǣӵԼսͽ飬Ҳһ֣Ƶһ飬ͲҪ
ʵϣѰҵģֻһתҲǵ걻ͻɽǸת
ʲô
壬ΪԪӵе壡ǵһֱѰٵĶ
ɺԪ֮䣬֮ʼ޷ֳʤΪ˫ơ
ɵƣǶԵ⣬ΪÿһɣѲճΪˣǶԵ⣬ЩΪɵԪĵġ
Ԫɵƣе塣
ҪĳΪϵĴڣͱҪͬʱ߱ƣɵħټǧȻţǵɽ磬Ժɿ⣬ӵ壬ܺԪɿ⣡
ڵҪģΪǳΪ˵ҪΪĴڣԻ᲻ϧһдۣȡ壡


2369 
˳һҶȻһȷԼԵɺ֮µõ壬ټԼԵĸǵĶ
ڵҲ뵽ˣתڵ磬ҲûʲôıĶӦüĹˣһҪץ֮ʱ£һõƳȥս;ڣȻѪһʮ֮ʮ󣬽ʱס
ʵˣѰҵתĸӦ֮£Կ϶ת˾ŸΪǱĵڰ˸㣬תֻΪĳԭ򣬳ʲôʡ
˱ʣΪ壬ȴǲֱɢ϶ڣԵһֱϣѰת
˳ⷬȫ׹ԭԼ׷ΪؼĶȻɽ磡
˫ӣ
ȻЦˣЦ֮ɢ䣬Ƭ޾ȻƬƬĿʼ˺ɫı
ԭһж֮£ҿྭӪĶȫǸˣ
ǵĺ⣬֮ޣȻõ˵Ϊ֮ʱϣĶڵ⣬ȴʧȥΪ֮ʱΪ塣
һһʧǳƽ˵ʧȴԶԶڵãΪÿһԪɶǸ߰ģΪԼԪɵݶԺ
ǣȴʧȥԪɵݣΪģΪһڵɣȻĿǰɣһ֮ң
񶼲֪βܷйԼĵĺ⣬½˳ǧҲУ
˳Ҳĵֻҵ޷󳹵׻ɱĳ֣תʱѾʧˣ
˭˵ʧˣȻҲ壬ȴһõ壬Ҷɣ
䣬ͻȻӳҶץ˹ȥ
ͬʱҶĶҲ˳Ĵ׼ˣ
ȻҶͻȻһã
£Ҷˣȭͷӭ˵ơ
ͻȻı仯˳û뵽ȻҲмƻȫҡ
Ǽƻʮס񣬶Ҵͬһֹʮãܽӵ󣬼ǵ޷ơ
ȻѪһŵʮˣǲѡֻںս챻ɣǰ֪ƸԵıԴ֮󣬲ŻΪϲΪˣķʽںս컻
ȥ֮⣬ѪһͬڣʮˣĲóʮ
Ȼ취Ͻ⿪µ·ķӡܹ·Ӷ׽
ƻȻҲѶȣҲҪðգѪһʮ˾ܹסõʱ䣬˳ܷڵ֮ǰ⿪ӡǲô˵ܱҪȥѾӵ˵͵ĵҪ׵Ķࡣ
ΪӼƻĳɹʣ˳Ż᲻òԼݣȤ٩٩̸ʱ䣬ΪľѪһĿǰˣָܶһ
ȻҶ˿̵Ϊȴ˳֮⣬Ҳüͷ˫ٴα͵أԴ֮ٵż飬յĽ
ʱ͵ȺһԵƺ͵ˣҲǽŵʵô죿ǻҪȥ𣿡
ˡ˳ܲûκεĶȴȻĸı˼ƻçײ֮ˣжԹҲΪ˺Ҷһðգҳ񣬱Ȼһİգڣģǵȴ
˳ҶҶ˳һԾҶ˳ȫƻ˳ԾҶ
ο˳ҲʼΪҶ͵һĵûʩչ
֮սϸ˵Ѿ˲棬ڳκʿֵܲģԣΨеȴȴһս
䣡
Ҷȭͷ͵ײһγһɾ޴ķ籩ɨƬޣҲһ֣Ȼһξվ
ȻڵѾ˷״̬֮УͻȻſͣͿһɫĶĿзɳڿԽԽֱɰɴС߸ߵ˵ͷ֮ϡ

һֵʱ˼뵽Ȼǵķʱ䣬ڸողżɵĵ
һӡ
ӡ֮ϣǳ嫣˵޾Ұġ
ִƴӡִͬǬΪһ֮Ϊ֮
Ϊĵ𣿡Ҷ̧ͷĿһۿеĴӡƽƽƣһȣ


2370 

֣ȴͬӵſٵصһ㣬ֱӽƬ޶Ϊ֮һָոµͬʱ
ﬣ
һȻ𣬽һâҶʼδ֮УɶֱҶƽƽ쿪ġ
ɽ
Ҷ֮ʼĺԪķԼɵĺɽ
ɽ飬Ϊ֮ףȻղſƣòҶȻ±Ҷѣ˳Լˡ
ս֣Ҷ鷴ǰҪӵƽ־ٽԽָ˵һδǿս⣬ȴǻ۳һֱָ֮
Ժɽ
һ꣬ɣһص֮Ѿڵ֮ס
˵ʵɵ۵ˣҲۺ첻ѡ
ֳֺɽָԼҶϵķ֮ɫȻȥΪĸо˿̵ҶȻźԼµʵ
˵Լڷ˵ӵ˵֮ʵõȵôڵҶҲͬǻ˸һ
һ̣ڻȻˣһֱʵ
ҶƽĵҲأܶණҲǸոյõո뵽δȫͨڣýźһսĻᣬ֤һ£ҵ뷨Ƿȷ
ȻҶƽ֮ڴʱ˿̣κ˾κˡ
Ҷ򣬴Ӷľ磬ʵ˱仯ͨõӵеʵҪ򱶣ǲܵ飡
ΪҶ͵񣬶ɽµĵһˣ˵⣬ǵʵѾﵽĻ۵ļ£ͬһװˮƿӣû˿Ŀռ䣬ɸˮҪɣҪƿӡ
Ҳʿ֮ҪΪԼлֳһԭֻͻĳһ磬ʵ仯ԼʵķԾ
ҶѾƿˣѾûа취ˣҪֻеɽ磡
ɽ磡
һѿڶѵѾˣ
仰ҲɵԼ˳˶˼ġ
ԹֻԼıԴ֮ΪԿףߵţܳΪˣѾʿ˶ŵһ׼
Ҷûߵţûзסȥ·ס֮·ܹأ
ҶҡҡͷҲ֪ԣҪ֤һ£
ø߸ϣڼΪһ֮ĵΪԼ֤ĳЩĹߣõܹܣܹ͡
ڣҶˣ񲻻κεԥˣһҾͳȫ㣡
һӣǸͷ֮ϵĴӡ֮УͻȻӿ޾ЩȻǴӡ̶֮ÿһ
ֻ˿ÿһӵΪ˿׼صͬǧһ㣬Ҷӿ
ͬʱԼıԴ֣ĵһûĴ磬֮磬֮磬ħ֮ͷ֮磬ÿһ֮У飬ҲҶ˹
ĳ˿̵ĵڲΪѾоҶвҪϧһдɱҶȻҲûҪıҶ塣
ǴӴӡ֮гѾҶȫΧĴҶҲǽߣҶȴȻûаĽţΪȻӰҶѪҶԼ飡
Ҷ꣬γɵķ֮⣬ȻҲֱһ磬ӦĻǾǾ磬硣
Ȼڶһ֮󣬱˴ȻΪһ壬ȻǸγɵҲͬˮ齻һ㣬ڻͨһ磡
飬飬ܱοҿΪ飬һǼΪ
ԻħĽ繥ңҾһ㣡
Ҷ£ԶȻʧҶ󣬺ں϶ɵ磬ȫΪһ壬ɢʹ⣬ӭ˳Ĵ硣
ţҶĺɽ֮Ҳ˰˵ĿĹâ͸˴ӡµγɵ
Ϊ黹һ飡
ҶһУԶ֮Ĺ֮УȻɳһƲ谭ֱû˺ɽ֮С
Сݣʱίһ£Եͼ֮飬ȫ飬ﶼ֮鵮ң鿹֮
˵ͬʱҶѾ̧Уɢžŵ⻪ĺɽΪǰ˳ȥ
Ƭ֮ضʱâȫ⣬̼˶ò۾޷׷ʲô


2371 һ
âþòɢ˶۾̽ΪǰҶսǾֱѾڵ·епȫɡ
ɽɵ۵ˣȻԲ谭ҲͿ
ҶǺɽ֮ľŵĿ⻪飬ԼҶʱӵͼ֮нĵͼ֮Сݡ
ԭǰ֮УҶȳɹĽɽѣںɽİ֮£̻顣
֮У˻ͽҶİ֮⣬ҶĹϵýܣȻԸҶԸ񣬹ʶ˺ɽ֮УֱҶղŽɽٻ
Сݵļ룬ҲǺɽ֮Ҷܹ뼫ҲǾ飬ôһᱬ˵
ʵ飬ԪУѾΪˣҶΪԷһ޷ƵĵԱ㽫Сͼ֮飬˺ɽļ˾֮úɽ˿ڵĴڡ
һ֮֮
ŵâŴݿ֮֮Ӵӡ֮µκζͬĭһ㣬ɢû˿ֵ֮
ٿǻħĴ磬ҲѾҶȫɣΪҶ֮УԪ֮Ҳո뵽ҿٳԪ磡
ڵõ֮ʮʱҶɹĽ֮Լ꣬˷ΪҶԱͬΪҪǿ
ˣҶĴҪԼɵʱ򣬾뵽Լ飬磬ټԼոտٳԪ磬֮⣡
Щ֮⣬ҶڿٳԪʱ򣬵ȷ뵽һЩҲͨ͵սӶ֤ҲԼ롣
ҶΧֱըϴֹײĹâҲʰ쵣½룬һصһ
Ҷȴ˿ЩâӰ죬ͬһһĹۿЩ硣
Ե֮һɢ˾֮ԵޱȵĹĴĻײԼԪĲںϣ˸ָĵ
һеһУϺж¶˼֮ɫ

ɵʵ̲ס˿ڵ
ҶȻں͵սͬʱܷȥɵʵǾò˼飬˽ҶʶҶһ·ĳɳĻͻףʵ̫ˡ
ģǵ𣿡
˵ǵ𣬶ɵ۵⣬˷ʣ˿ûȡ֮ȴޱȵࡣ
ʲô
ħҲĿ룬ٴʳÿʿ˼ΪֹȴȻûһͳһ⡣
ˣ֪ʲôǵ
󣬷˫ֺʲҶĿ֮͸һ˿
Ϊ𣬾ȻὫڵ⣬һϸ˵˵ķʿϣʵһ޷顣
ʱûκ˻ᳰЦ仰ΪǺͷһͬΡ
ǧͬҲ˼ֻ˼Ķûɵô£ǣңǲһת
⣬ûܹشǵҶڵ˳˫𣬶޷һ𰸡
Ϊ걻˫ײɽһԼļڣûκ˵ע⣬߼ע⣬˭뵽һͨͨĹ㣬ȻǺպһأ
Ҳת
ͻȻ֮䣬ǧ뵽ʲô۾Ϊ֮һڻ磬Ȼҳİ֮£Ѿת֮ǰѾɽ磬Ȼһֵתң

ҶѾȫĳһ˼һ״̬֮Уһ߿һ룬лһдʣǰҾ;ãԪ֮ƺĿܣƺʲôӦûˡ
ԣҴˣԪ֮ƺ֮ĸ֮ʼ֮ԪǵĻʲôأ
һ㣬һ㣬Ϊؼһ㣬ֻҪͨҾӦ͸һ㣬ֵ
ȻǳŷŭԶԶҶҶ᲻壬ҲҪߵţ
ˣ
һҵĲ֮ͬʱһĻأһһڵֶչ
žᣬҶİ֪Ƿ񣬶֮УǰСķս
ŷսҶüͷ⣬Ӧһŵ˰ɣ


2372 ֮
ɵѪۣĵĴУټԼĻ֮۳Ĵ磬ҪҶͬɣȻҶһɵ磬ԼԪ֮Ԫ֮ʱȴǷɡ
ķ꣬ƶɵĵҶ̳֮һͬûκεĵֿ֮֮ɢھ֮Ĺ֮£Ƿһ߽⡣
Ҷ˵ܻǿôǿĹϵͼ֮
˿սΣǵȴܹĸܵԼĹһɢԼĵ磬һıҶɣȻǴʧɫʶԼȻҶĶ֡
֮£òҶĴ㣬ΪҪߵţɽ硣
ȻͬΪԼһĽɽ磬ôȴԼľͽɵۣԼ˵׷ɱǣڵɵۣҲԸټҶ
˳˵ʮԼǲͨķʽ֮ΪԿףֻмǵǿк俪š
ˣó˷սͬʱü֮ҲǳһŹֵͬһӡǡ
ӡǳֵɲǣеˣ̸оԼ꾹ȻܿƵҪԼƿأ뿪Լ壬˾֮⡣
Ȼǵڲ֪֮У͵ǩԼ֮
ԼͬҶѪһֻҪԸ⣬ͷе̻ɢ
ǵ꣬Ϊȥ俪ŵľԵ
죬Ī磬ڻʿ˳ĸоָо˻ֲ̿ѣֻ˳֪ʲô
·ˣԼ֮Ҫǵ俪ţ
˳ĻȻ˲ʿĿֻţһЩǡ
ô죿
ôҲԼܰڳ֮ʱѾٵԼ
˳ĿЩʧʿǣֻҪ٣ҳɹɹô͵ڻ֮к͵ǩԼÿˣǵӣôܸǽԼ
ֻеˣ
УҲҪԸ˳
ҲԸ˳񣡡
ü֮ӾҵʱЩʿҲ޷־޴ѹͿֻţ׷״Ⱥ֮гҪ˳
ɱһ̾Ҫǰȥ׷ɱЩˣȴ˳סȥɣԱѣôܻҪ˹˳
Ϊ֤˳Ļһȥʮʿոս뵽Ҷ͵սķΧ֮ڣ̾ʹһıըͲҽ֮Ȼǵ궼ѾըΪ˵
ĺã޺޵ĵҿɲţû취ĻҾ׼Աˣ
վѲһ佫͸񣬵ѡԼԱ뷨
˳ΪΪ˫꣬һըҲǿǰڴĿ⿴Լ˵û취ӦУҲ޷ֹĻǾѡԱ
СʦӦҲ޷ֹȻЦſڵСʦڻʱҲ٣ҳɹɹ
֮⣬ָҶԼһӦҲ˵Լ
˳ȴҡҡͷٵȵȿɣǰ˵һŵƣҲĵƣҲλܴһϲأ
ʱ˿̵ҶԾɫƽĿƺԼ޾ĵ񣬶ңûĸоΪ֪ԼûеԼ
ǰйԼ꣬ҲԱԼѾ֮ʧˣ
κιԼֻܽԼ֮֮УΪֻʼմڣضʱ⡣
ˣҶûеԼȻҲ赣ԼᱻⲢҶɵȥԼϾԼֵѣлˣȻҪܵԼ֮Ӱ졣
վǲģȻҵڻһ㣬ĿǰҲֻܵΪֹˣҶȻһָͬһչķսҶ֮ٻҵ֮
ˣ
Ҷ£սڵ֮УȻһ붼˹âţЩâһͬһ磬嵽˷սڣǸᣬ˵ǰ


2373 Ԫ֮ն
֮ǵҶͽɣʦĽ̻壬Ϊ˷Ѫһţڷսеǧ֮УһһҶĵҶѪһţӶ۳˴֮
ҶҪɱɵʱ򣬾׼֮ʱʵڲ˷ЩʦԸԼѡ˽ɱķʽڽЩ֮
ȻҶɶ뿪˷սսҲ·ǶڷսЩҶѪһŵ˵ȴȻŶҶͳ羴ҹҹĶҶĵĤݡ
ոһգ긴һ꣬ʱȥ֮Ѿ۵һΪӴڵ񿴵ЩӷǧĹâ֮ʱɫüΪѿ
û뵽ǣЩ֮Ȼ۳һɫҶӲӣͬûƽһ㣬ȴǳֳ͸״̬
ɫҶǿżᶨĵģȻһ˿ҡȻҪĤǰҶ뷨ҪԶ׷Ҷߡ
֮ã

ǿӴ֮Ӱ֮£ҲɵʱɫҶȻڣƽ˫֮⣬˵˫֮ϣҿԸһ·ֻҪԸڵһУǲ͵Ұģұ㲻
ڽɫҶĿע֮£˫֮оȻһ˿ããѾ֮У֮ܵӰ졣
ֻϧվǵѾҰģԲΪ۶֮ı䣬ˣƬ֮еãѾȥȡ֮۵֮ɫ
Ҳǵ֮Ҫ俪ţΪˣ˭Ҳֹң

ڵµͬʱеˣƬ֮ڻʿ뱬һʹ˻
һɸ޷Ĵʼ˺ǵꡣ
ʱԶҶ𣬶Ȼһ룬֮۶ɵԼǰһĽɫҶҶ֮Ԫ֮նϵ
Ԫ֮ն
ɫҶͬʱڳ֮УһĴ󵶣֮ϲԪ֮ƣҶУŵնȥ
ǲ
һը죬һ޵ĽȻ֣â֮У
Щ棬ĳ˻ÿһ˵ǰƬ֮У˳ڵʿǵǰ
ÿλʿЩ֮жĿԼ
Լڳɹɹ֮ʱǲ֮Уڹ֮УԼһ˿ԼԼǶĵ
ң
Ҷɽ֮ʱ
ԼڵԼ
˾֮ʱһɫĵâͻȻճݺݵն˿Լ֮ϣ
ʱÿλʿоԼͻȻȼһ棬ʲôȼţ˲Ϣ֮ճޣǴûдڹһ
ͬʱǹɾ޴˺֮ҲͻȻʧ֪Լ֮еԼѾûˡ
ܣܣ
ȻҲ㣬˫Բ޷ʵҶȻܹһնԼвµԼնԼͻ֮
ʵˣڱ˵ЩԼ֮ǵȻ޴棬޷ٸоڻһС
ֵעҶΪתΪ񣬵һĸе˿־塣
ΪҶʩչѾ󣬳֪κˣδ֪ĶܻһԴڱܵĿ־塣
ʱ˿ֻ̣еһֿ־壬ɵ۵ˣҲͬĸо
ҶնϵĿɲʲôʵԵĶһնʿ͵һԼն˵ռ֮ϵ
һ㣬ΪҲ޷
Ͱ͵ʵ㣬ôģ
ԪһйԪҶȻ˼֮󣬸ԼĻش𣺡˵е㸴ӣΪҽͻ֮Ĺϵ¹鵽㣬൱㣬ûн磡
ңһնûд۵ģԿսڣ
ȻĿ˷սֻǰЩð֮ǧ֮УԭŵҶĵ֮ϣѾƣŵĿȥһһĵȻ̮Ϊ촷ۡ
൱ڣսڣҶҲŵĵ߽⡣
ĿһУҶٴߴ֮⣬ҵԪ֮ҲѾʧˣ


2374 Ԫ֮
Ԫ֮
ҶԪͼеһδΪıȴòӲĽϨ𣬺ٴθ򣬴Ӷһ·ߵ졣
Ԫ֮Ϊ֮Ԫ֮ʼ֮ĸҶڶڵϣϵŸ߶ȣĹԪܹ֮Ҷÿһֵ׷Դҵ䱾ԴҵԪ㡣
·ϣŰپʮأ֮ҶܹԾ˵ٶȲϸһϴһأȫΪԪ֮
˵ҶԪ֮Ī⣬ˣ˶еͲ⣬һҪΪС
ڣҶȻߵΪնϵͻϵԥķԼ֮ԴһԼĵԪ֮֮ʧ
Ҳţ
޷ţҶԼԪ֮
˵ţɵҲš
Ų㣡Ҷȴɫƽĵ˵һҪлл㣬ĳ֣ҰģҲ޷ҸԪ֮޷ôҲԶһ
һʲô
ʳ⣬ʳɵ۵
Լ֮⣬Լϵ˫ÿڳɵ֮󣬶ʼڿ⡣
Ǿǣһʲô
Ϊ𣬳ΪɵۣǷеյ㣿еռˣ
ƺˣȻΪʲôеʿڽ߾ܵɽ磬ųɣʵϣԼΪÿ˶ڰѰһڣ
ڣת˿Ϊ˺ʵڶԿԪɣԿɵۡ
ʵϣɵ֪Լ֪ǵתһҪĿģΪѰҵһڣ
ǵȷվе۷֮ŽµܿܿԽˣԽǱκʿӵĿҵһڡ
ʿ˵ǵһһɵ۵λãǶ˵ǵһ
ϣԼܹһֻϣܹ֪ûһĴڣ
ֻǣΪֹȻûһ˿λ𣬻ɵۣЩѾȥɽǰǡ
ȻڣҶĿУȻ˵һ
ȻҲ˵һָԼһʿΪһˣͨղչ¶һնϵͻϵΪ˲ϧԼ֮ԴϧԼò׸Ԫ֮ȴɵۣǳڴ
ֻǵڴȴ˫ģһ棬ڴҶܹ֪ǷĴһһ棬ԼԸϣͬڴҶ֪Ƿһ
ΪǸ߰ݣ޷ܣһ˶ǵķʿȻܹǶδ֪һ
֪
ҶĻشܸɴࣺĿǰһ֪Һܿͻ֪ˣֻϧ£ǵȲǸʱˣ
ҶȻԼĵˣԼȻͬѰ۵»ָ侲ҶҲŲĻʲôԪ֮ҿǸղһУѾû˶Ըҵ˵İɣ˵ķˣҲ͸㣬Ҿɱ㣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦʲôɱң
𣿻٣
Ҷһ£ѾƵĺɽǵõһٴɢŵâ֮ȻȻڿеǷĴӡ
꣡
һŵ֮Ȼڴӡ֮ͬʱ̳˾ŵ޴ơ
ǡ֮Ų𣬴ŵƿʼԽԽ࣬ԽԽܵ˲ܲӡ
䣡
գһ鱻񻨷ʱ䣬֮Ƴɵĵ׵ը˿
ңıըըƬըһɹɵ壬ֱӳ˺ɽ֮УȻ֮ա
Ҷ𣺡Ĵ𣿱
֮Уһǵضɽҡһ㣬綼ھҵ𵴣𵴣ȴɼޱȣûܵ˿𻵣ɫȴ֮Уѿ
ΪĸоԼĵ֮ٳĴ磬ʱȻѾȫʧ٣ƺǱҶɡ
ȼ
Ҷһָͬһ̿ķϣȻһɻ棬ľǱֽһ㣬ȼڷڵ磬ȴǰ̵ĳ˳һһûҶ֮С
ת֮䣬ͱһȼմĻҽһ紵׵ɢƬ֮С


2375 ɽĲ
Ĵ磬ټϷ
̣ȻҶ֮£ת֮ɢøոջΪҶƵĵ񳹵ɵۡ
ͬոΪҶһ䡰֪һɵۣһ̣ٴεԲ۾
ʵʵѾԺ࿹⣬Ҫ˵𣬾޷
ֻҪܴţڽŵͬʱͻͬʿڶɽ֮һ壬ҲǱ˳ΪĴӶ߱ӵͲ
ˣֻҪܹɹţôƾӵеһУĵһȵȣ㲻統Ҳˣܵõ壬ôпܳԽɵۣΪǿϴڡ
ȻɽҲӦľ绮֣Ǻ͸ôϸµĻֱȴ
ɽľ绮֣ȫһݣһֳƺ˵ǿɵۣǵʵʵ޼ֻΪһԪɣһɣԲ˲ͬĳƺ
ɵ۵Ĳ֮ͬ⣬Ԫɺĳƺȫͬˣ͵֮£Ӹߵʿĸ硣
֮УЩҶһڵһδصĹУһԵ˾ʮŲģҲܹˣҶһʮĻ˷Ҳ֮һ
ǧɺΪΪĵӣʵжǿֻ֪
ʿȻ͵ľ磬Ҳ͵ݣ֮оųɵʿԪɻɣ
ɽ֮ɵģɽ֮Իĵȼ࣬ԭ򣬾ʵʵ̫̫ѡ
Խܵǣ˵ʵ˵ʵߵţɽʱѾˡ
Ԫ˵ӵĿɱǳʱ򣬻Ͼ;ˡ
ΪɣΪɾΪΪɵۣ
һϮĴУԪǸԼݡ
֮ҪתΪƾݣôԶҲܳΪɵۣΪֻܽϣת֮ϡ
תޣȥɵĿѺ;ӶΪɺԪ֮ϵĴڡ
ҲΪʲôʿ̤·ڵһ֮һĲ֮󣬻ʹӣ֪ͨɽԭ
ΪҶģһ߳˾ʮŲôмĿܣڽ֮󣬾ͳΪ
ҶһԵľʹ˵һأôŵʱͬڵˣӭΪпֱӾ
ȻҲһŶۣҲʿŬ˻Ե£ȻпܳΪɾΪɺϣʮã
ͬǧأҲпܵõʵݵ
ǲǺܲƽ
ʵûֹ֪أ˭µģǳӵͨ쳹ֻ֮ܣܹıֹأȻĻֻܽܡ
ԣڣɵۿҶ׵Ļٵӵеһ̵ʱٴˡ

𣿡
˴˶֮󣬼ͬʳ⣬ҲҶߵţɽ֮󣬾ΪĴڡ
Ҷڵһϵľ˱֣ԭΪҶпܳΪֻǿܣΪҶ˫תʱ뵱ȻΪҶӦû³Ϊλ
ڣҶѾ˫תԼ˵Ҷһǧ֮УΪõѪԵһߵ˽죬ɳΪ׻ٵ̵ʿ
ôţΪ֮ûпֱӳΪ֮Уʷĵλأ
Ȼɵ۶ûоش𣬵ǵУȴǻ϶Ĭ𰸡
Ҷٵյ񣬳Ĵ磬͵ӰҲȻ˵ǰ
Ƭ֮УĶѾȫʧֻеԼվҶһ磬ɽ֮ϸžŵ⻪תƺֻҪҶһ£ͻԥĴüġ
Ȼ֪ղžʲôǿǰ龰ȴܹ֪ƺѾ·磬Ҷƿеľ棬ȻǵϺж¶һ˿˷֮ɫ
ʱҶٴĿڣ㻹ʲô𣿡
ɵˣΪ˽죬׼ʱ䣬ڣеѾȴӭһ޷ŵĽﻹ̣
Ȼ뵽ʲôμٺˣƴԼҶ֮ľ룬ĶҶҶ㲻ɱңΪҪɱңѪۣʦǶҪ
ҶĴ˵Ļû̵ĻǾ͸ֵȡϣĶˣ


2376 ԭ
֮Ұʦеģڣԭ
£ҶȻ֣ȻڼٺˣҶƾֱӳǰݺݵȥ

ʱס˫ۣһҽУȻ۾Ȼڣ˶ûܣֱ֮ӰʹȴǼΪľҡ
Ҷ֮УһССͬһ壬̺ǳ֮
û֪Ҷʲô취Ȼܹĳִ˵ֱ֮Ӱһ۳ʵʵĴڡ
Ҷ֮תĿһɨͿ˶Ⱥĺ󷽣ƺڻرԼߵعţ΢΢һЦһ˶Էǰ
ڣǸú磬Ǹúʦأûϵһˣһ취ǷֿڣȽ֮ʦ֣ңллʦһֱҵչˣ
ҶȻ̧ƣݺݵعŵ˫ۣعűܵһۣȻܹодһ⣬һۣжʱһƬ
ʵϣڤҲǺŴս󶼱͵ع㣬Ҷİʦ֣еת
ǰ˳˵оȻ㵽˫һĴڣȻ޷֪һ꾿˭ȴΪҶѪһŲֵľ֮ȻȻĽʱ״̬˫ͬԼ֮ǿдԼڰ˳
ΪˣѽпܿһĻҶһ꣬Ǹһǧܵı
ˣƿ֮˳ӶҲõҶþһзҲҲС
û֮оͲУһͨʿǺҶΪеʿ
ҵع㣬ͬعҲ˱мƻ֮һʵԸҶ
֮ԱΪΪ䷢չδȫ޷Ԥ⣬ȫ޷ģ˵֮˳عǳκ˵ƿء
вû㵽Ϊǿн֮˫ںһ𣬵˫޷Լļ䣬ĽԼ˳һ̤·
ֱ˳ȡ֮˳һЩ䣬ڸ˴֮󣬼еĹ
֮ع϶ΪһΪУֻҪȵպҶŵ꣬Ƴ
˳ҲΪӵһȡԼһ꣬һӶΪ˫ת
֮֮Ҷٴվ˵ǰ
ۣ֮ʦʦģڣԭ
Ҷ˫ŵĲҽУѪ˳۾֮˳Ҷ˫֮ѾѪܵ۾
ȥ˻ߣ󺰴еĵҶתһߵ˲׶ԣ۾Եưϣ֣صĵʦ֣ʦֵ۾鷳ˣ
׶Դ͵״̬ӹ۾ľګĵ˵ͷҶ΢΢һЦߵԣļʦ֣Ƭ̣ܿ¿ˡ
ҶȻǵһμ棬ҶеĺɽǻѪһŵλòٷ壬ȫǰͣҶڿ˫ۿʱ¶˾ģҪؼ
Ѿ˵ˣץסΪū֮ȻҪ˳ʼҲڰѰߵİ취ϧʵ̫ǿ󣬸ߵĻᣬȻڣָɣʧȥ۾µõ
Ҳ֪Լ˵ʲôΪҶԼСʦܣǶѪһŵĴˡ
ţҶٴתվ˵ǰڵ㲻ֻŸתеһȴתΪڣҵĶʦֽںͰʦִʥս죬
£Ҷٴ֣˫־Ȼֱ̽˵üģͬʱ֮£ˣǾںս졣
ҶһһԼλѾʡµʦ֣ߵħǰԯ콾༱æȥһһ˽˹
ʦȥʦ֮⣬ѪһţԲˣ
ħ쳤˿ĵ˵ͷͬһ˵
һ죬ηأȻûʲô춯أҵĴ£ʮܳĵӣӣ
Ҷһεվ˵ǰ˿̵ĵҲ֪Ϊ̫ʹ̫𾪣վѾͬһ㣬ʧȥе֪
ǣҵֵܣ裬ҵã
ǺѩҲҶӵֱת͵˰˳ǰչˡ
Ҹ˵ǧʵÿֵƽȴڣȴΪ˵ħܳɾϴ񣬽Ѫۣ
һΣҶȻֱӽ궼ڳȡ˳ǿнѪۺ˿
ʱ򣬵ͻȻЦҶ㽫ȫȡߣΣɱҵģ¼ûκܹɱң
ҶͬҲЦˣӦüǵõԪͼһɣûлָм֮ǰһ뵽ͼΪƶģ󣬹Ԫ֣Ĳ


2377 ֻͬ
ɽ֮ϣǲתľֹ⻪ȻһҶУҶõԪͼ
ʵԪͼھ죬֪˲˭Ҳ޷Ҷܹ̽ͼݣʵǵǧ޳֮ƶĵͼ
ȻȻǧƶɣΪǧ޵ĳɣжӰӣԣͼǧ֮ΪԼתƵģֻǧԼҪƵģѾ޴ӿ֤ˡ
ѾҪˣͼҶУΪҶԸĹߡ
ңԪ֣˵Ǻܲһ֣ƺڤڤ֮УעλӵҰĵҶСԪ
ԪͼҶŵ֪Ļ֮ټΪҰĵתϮֿԻǧԣֻҪ㻹һ˿⣬޷ɱ
¶֮ɫȷıɱﵣʧˣܹȥôֻҪлᣬվһʵԼҰġ
ȻҶѾŵûʱȤȥһһѰҵͷųȥֳ֪꣬ȥЩ꣬ǲȱȫģ߱Լǣڵ꣬ܽںϣڵ꣬̾ͻһѣԣҲɱ㣬ͼ㳹׷ӡͼ֮նϵһʱһЩͻǸ꣬ںϵһ𡣡
㣬ò˶ãҲΪͼһ֣ԪΪһ֣
ɫʱ䣬ΪҶ˵ʵҶԼ꣬Ϊߣһ걻̾ͻµѣĺҶӡάϵϵʱŶֱʧ
Ҷĵ㲻ʱµһаɣ
£ҶһеԪͼԪͼ̼ͳͬǰĵһɲǼ䶼֮أƾӴܣʼձͼķΧ֮С
ţҶֶԪͼ㶯ֻͼǴڵ̸ͷųһֵơ
ǧֵһձһֻ֣һѽץסԪͼС
Ԫͼʼ±һžĻᣬصҶС
ΪֹҰתĵڱΪԪĵͼ֮Уͬһֻһ㣬Ų󣬻ǵҰģսᡣ
ҶֱӽԪͼԼڣҪȵ񣬳ɱӦò˻ɵ¡
һз粨㶼ѾȫɹȻһĴۣ·ʧ٣ǽֵõġ
֮ڵˣڴ˿ڶǿԳһɵ۶⡣
һ֮ɵ۵ı±Įע˵Ȼתɽ֮ڣ뽫ҵ⣬Ԫɺ֮ĵδսӦҲҪʼ˰ɣڻ֮Уǣ
ɵ뿪ˣûгΪסҲûãĸɵ۵ı
ȻΣˣǰɵǰȴǸӵϾˣΪԪɺ֮ìܲΪ⡣
˫Ҫʼ׼ӦʱܷĴսһΣԪ˵Σи
Ϊ˫תѾҵһһ˶òӣܳΪʷĵλҶ
˫ʵĴ˳֮£ɵʮԪѾ֮ϣ뾡뿪ǣǷҪ·ϵЩˣûгɹߵ֮ǰ̷δս
ɵ۵뷨Ȼ֪Ҳɷ˾עʱܳԪǡ
ˣȴԾɲԸ뿪ţΪ֪·ϵһвûнǼΪڴġ
ߵţ
·ĿûеʩչƣܹɹߵŵʿҲȿһΣĴ·ܺͣЩܹʿԪɵתɣ֮˶ҪΪ֮ڴġ
οҶ˫ת֮⣬һߵţɽ磬ǽ᳹׸ıɽĸ֣Ϊɽ츲صı仯
ôжܹɹߵţɹΪأ
˶ĿԴ


2378 ת
ܵѾǴ˿վƬ֮صڶʿǣȴȻͬһ㣬Ȼһʱ֮е޷ܣǸǿĵ񣬾ȻҶӡ
ֱҶߵħǰͨһ򵹵ʱ˲ͬγһع
Ȼһ˷ܵҪ˻ҪУйһеʹ죬ҶĹ£ȴǶԾرͣû˸ȥڣŵҶŵ죬ŵѪһš
ҶĹ£ѪһŵҲͬʱǰŸһЦ֮ȥͬĵӰݼʦ
Ÿ˵ͬǧˣڣ쳹գ磬Ѫһŵ
ħ죬ļۿ֮ж΢΢ʪ󣬿ŹԼǰӣڼȥҲûκź
Īݼʦ
ɰݼʦ棡
սݼʦ棡
Ǭݼʦ棡
ݼ棡
Ҷ˵һӰ̹£ȻħĵӣǶΪѪһŵˡ
ħЦϻοȫ
ȫվһ΢ŵһ𣺡ϺУôǿɶҵĺˣħޱǷǿ˰ɣ
֮гԺò£֪ǸոѹѪ۵
Ѫ۱ħߣΪǱ𣬶䱾ǱɣŷҲɣ϶Ϊһ֮£³ΪѪۣڼ㱻ٿصʱԾɱԼǣҪаҶ
ˣҶǿдӵڰûʲô󰭣ѪΪǰҶ߰ٶʮѪ״̬ҪõĶࡣ
Ѫ۵켱æҶˣߵѪ۵ǰٴι򵹡
Ѫ۶棬Ѫʼ棬Ҳħʼ棬ˣѪһŵĴȻҲĺˣҶλѪĺˣ˳
ѪЦǺǵ˵һȻһָԼߵ˵ˣǶҲǵǰ
ѪָȻҶҵϣһλ
Ҷڵļ˼ͬʱһ½гΪǿԿ϶Լӵкһòˡ
ЦеĵǲǾڷսĵӣҵһ
ҶΪЩϼһǸϺ꣬ƻˣʵҲˣҪǣȻҲҪк֣ΪԼֵİţԷһ
ҶûнȳҲľʹȥ
ô˵ǸԴϲĴԲ֡
ѾҶӡɵĵħ˵֮Ҷֱӷ飬ȱҶ֮⣬Ѫۺƽ¡
߸ת˺ǺѩԾδ֮⣬ĸתҶλʦǰȻ飬Ҷѯ֮£Ը·ΪҶһ꣬ڷӡĹУһá
ҲҶˣϣܹ˳ܵ뷨ӶһУΪһȫµ
ڶʿΪͬľҲñ˴֮ĹϵޱȵĺгȺľһСŸղŷһС
ҶǣĪ֣ߵ˻Եĺǰ˳Ҳ˹΢΢һЦ㻹ǲĺ𣿡
Ҷ̧ͷ˳Ȼ˫תͲٳƺΪˡ
˵ʵȻҶǰڵ֪֮󣬵ȷе˳Ӧǹ˫Ϊʲô˵һУ˳Ľ֮˿ȻҲɢˡ
Ȼ˳ȷɽλ˫תôҶȻͬǰһƺԼΪˡ
Ȼ˳ȴҡҡͷǰ飬ûа취ģȻǰȷ˫תǽ˳ֻҪҲôԶҵҲԶֵܣ
ǰֻ֪
Ҷ΢һ˼ϱ¶Цݣе˿٣ʱ֮УЦŵͷãֻҪôԶֵܣ

ֵӴЦ֮˳Ҳ½Ŀ⿴˺ǵǷڵģһת
ҶҲԼת֮ĺǣǵĵȻǲûκεĻ£еǰ֮ڣǲܲӽһʼոںǵߣĿʼһֶԸ
˵ͬʱҶḧźǵԴȻǶ˵ĺ˳һԼֵܡ
ʵˣ˳΢΢һЦʵһתǺǣǣ̰ǣ
̰ǣ
ҶȻ̧ͷ˳
ҿԿ϶һת̰ǣ̰޶Ǻ̰Ǻϻ̰꣬ǵȷûռݺǵ壬Ϊ񣬵ȴǸںϣɱǵʱʵȴ̰ǴǶȻΪϻĹϵںһЩ̰ǵļԸ񣬵ǣ񲢲ԶǶһܻͬתƣ
תƣҶȻ˫¶˼֮ɫԣת䣬ǿתģ


2379 Ȥ
Ҷнй𣬶ӣ˳Ī磬֪һ뵽ʲô
˺Ĭ˵ͷ˭ҲٿڣվԭأѾ뵽붨״̬֮еҶ
ģԽԽʿҶĲԾ̸Ҳ֪ĵȥֱһ˿ڣһ
ƬޣٴαüžޱȣеĿ⣬ȫҶϡ
ò˵ʱ˿̣вʿҶǳĽʺޡ
ȻһʮָмҶһУǶһ˽˵ǴӵӰ֮а˳һ棬ǶҶǿҲͬǳ˼ʣҶѾӵǿʵǾȻǲоûˡ
ȻҶ쳣ҲٴԾڹעע⣬Ǵ˿̵ʵͺʹʿһֻǻҪһ˿˿Ρ
Լ֮һУҶѾ֪ˣ˿ȫĳԼ統Уʱǵһ㣬ص֮УĹ֮ʱ
һ֮Կ飬һʹɱ֣˵һսҶΪѵһΡ
ԵûּѵĸоòȫӦ԰Ĺ
ȫʩչһס飬˴Ļᡣ
Ҷı𣬶ԸǺɽľԸãѪ飬ǷֱԸе顣
ȻֶսҶǴļΪջ𣬵Ҳֶս֮УȴҶһȤ
֮䣬Ȼת䣡
飬˺ɽ֮⣬֣ȤҲȤ˱Ҷģ٣Ըֵƺ͡סĺɽ֮⣬ʣ֮䣬Ȼת̬תһ飡
ҶսľͺɽһɲǣҶҪ˵ԭԽ֮סľʱľȻ֮˻飡
ں齻սĻ飬ȴʱľ
֮侹ȻͿʼ˲ͣת䣬ҶҪ˵ĹʽԸǣǾ˲ãҶ
տʼʱֱ仯ҶǴֲһͱܣڹؼʱ̣ɽüʱѹҶҶŤתơ
ҲǴʱʼҶ֮ת˼ȤԼΣ֮Уڴս֮УʼԼͷ֮ϣϸ۲ı仯
ģҶڶĹ۲֮УȻ֣Ǳ仯ĸǵı仯ǽ֮˲Ϊľ֮
ҶԪ֮һ飬ͨԪ֮ȻδܽһĹΪԪ㣬ȴ仯Ĺ̷˼£ܺĿֱ仯ȫĹ̡
Ҳһ̣ҶȻˣԼԪ֮ƣ
ı仯ΪƵı仯ôǱ仯ȱԪ֮ƣȻͨԪ֮ƣıƵʣӶתһֵơ
ľ仯ɽô̾ġľ֮תԪ֮ƣԪ֮תɽ֮ƣ
ܼ򵥣ʵֱ仯Ĺ̼Ϊķǣ浽˶ֵ֮ı仯ұ仯ٶȣǿ쵽˲˼飬ҶеĹԪ֮¼䣬ǿҲ޷еĹɡ
ҶԪ֮Ƶʱ˶ʱˣ
Լ۾ǲǿˣ֮֮УȻ̲ԼǧŸԪ֮
ңⲢֻһӵУܹ仯֮У̺Ԫ֮
֣Ҷ֮⣬ȴҲֻ򵽵ĶԼ¶޷˵ʮֵʺģ
սļһ˹Ҷѯֱ仯ĹʱһȴãȻ֪޷ٴݻһ顣
ҲҶʶղŵֱ仯ֻûеԼʶ֮ǰʩչ
ԴͬһѪ֮еһе
Ȼ鶼Ҷ˵ʲôҶȴľʹ˷ֱŪԼԺ֮иղ뵽Ķô˵ĺô
ǣ˺Ը֮ԼԼԪ֮ն˵ϵΪ
һնȻҲܼ򵥣ʵȴҶڸԪ֮Ժ󣬽Ԫ֮ӳ쾡µһΡ
һ˲֮ڣҶҪԹԪķʽͻ磬ͻÿһʿ֮ǧ˿ƵϵҪԪ֮뵽ÿһ˿ϵ֮ϣԱԪ֮ƵնЩϵ
ĺ͵ҶԪ֮


2380 ;ͬ
ں͵ĵԼĴ罻ֵʱҶͬͥŲһ㣬ڹ½شУΪܹһҵԼǰۿ仯뵽Ķ
ֻϧһ㣡
ϧԼԪ֮֮һȻûҵ
ҶҲûż·ϰʱ䣬ˣЩǿʱȥѰҡ
Ȼû뵽ǣ˳һ˵ĻȴǶȻ뵽ʲôٴεĽ뵽״̬֮С
ͬһƬޣֻҶһˣ֮ͬûʱ䣬û˿ռ䣬ûһУֻʣһһҶȴɫƽվƵ
תƣҲתɶô֮ȻҲת֮֮ͬתľ֮һ
ǰΪֻ飬ΪĴڣ֮Իת䣬ǳĻȴˣƱһ𣬶ܱƣܱɶܱɳģҲܱģǧʵϣǻϵһ𣬲ҿԻתģ
Ȼһâ֣Źâ֮һʵ壬壬ҶϾ¶Ц⣬ǺԪ
Ԫ֮󣬺ܿһΪβһԲΡ
Բ֮Уĵ˽ľˮ֮
ţֿ֮ʼܻ
ܻ˸ָĽ
ľܻ˸ֲָ

֮ĲϽƣԽԽĶƬ֮еҶʼΪһͣȥǣҲȥǣվһԣƽעһеĹ̡
ģһһ֣ڸһĵҶ¶Ц⣬ĵˣؼеĹϵڴǧͬˣǲƽȵĴڣûǿ֮һĳ̶ϣǿת
˵֮
Ҷϳһ趯һ£ʱݺᣬĵ˵࣬ͻȻϹâһͱһ
֮˽֮
Ϲâһһ̲ˮƽƽҶġ
ֱ֮ˮ֮
ˮٴ̣±һ񣬵ֱ仯δֹͣȻڼת֮䣬Ȼһɢɳ
ܹۼһĻһΪȣΪҶȻʱ֮ӿʱţҲǼӿһ㣬ʱ䣬۳һ˲Ӷ
֮
Ҷ˫ͻȻһģЩɳڿѸۣٴαһҶս֣ȻһǿƴӽͷŶƬ֮еȻ˸Ӧ׷ױܿƣƺҺ
ҶЦݸĵΣֱ֮ս֮
ֿʼ˲ϵı仯̬ĸı䣬ĵȻҲת䡣
ֱ仯Ҷϣ˲ɣʵһ˲֮УҶȴҪôĲͬĵ֮Ӷٳֱ仯
ȷʵ֣֮ǲʵʵ϶Իת䣬ֻתĹ̻ӦıȽϷ͸ӡ
ǻħֽʵ֮ĵָתأ
ڷޣҲ̫˽⣬зܹΪҽ⿪ɻ󡣡
ʱʱռҶȨҶ뷨֮΢΢һЦеǱȻڲ֪֮ͷųһɽ⣬ֹâȻǷӵеķ⣡
һһɺȻ
ԴȱˣնֻҪĴʵ˶ɸ֮
ţҶƿҶ壬ĳ֣֮ͷųǹɺȻ̱仯ɱ⣬ֱ
ħ֮ɱֹɱսսʵħ޶ֵֵֻĵ·˲ͬҲΪʲôܹħʦᱻΪħ۵ԭѪһţڣʵ׸ħ
ҵûħֵʵϾ޵ֲͬķţ򵥵˵ΪƣħΪ񣬵ΪӹֻҪұʲô̬Ӧ֮еһ֡
һɷһħ˵ľ˼ôֻҪ仯ôͬʱ
ڻ֮ˣɽǺԪĻ꣬ǽ֮Ļ꣬ʵﶼл꣬Ҳ⣬꣬ĴڣֻΪֹ»ûбʿѣ
ҶƾһƾջûӲǽǧ֮䲻ת䣬ӶһһԵ⣬ٴһȫµĸ߶ȡ
ǧ;ͬ飬ʵ仰ͲеĵƽȴڣҲֵֻܸҪֵ׷ѰȥܵͬĿĵأôĿĵأʲô
Ѿ˵Ԫ֮Ԫ𣿻


2381 ˭ǵһ
ʱ˿ɵܹ֪ҶĻôһΪ𾪣ΪڳΪ𣬳Ϊɵ֮ڿǵ⣬Ѿ˲֪ٸͷȴȻò𰸡
ȻҶ޵ʱ䣬Ŷδߵ£ȻѾʼ˼⣬˱ˣˣ
Ҷ˹һۿģԼĪǱеĿ⣬¶֮ɫЦŵû¡
ţ͸оܵļžҲеĿⶼԼϣʱ׹˶ڵȴԼæǸĳ˹Ϊ񣬲Цŵ˼λõˡ
ҶȻѾվе۷֮ϣվһԺɵ۱ȼλ֮ϣԸȴû˿ĸı䣬ԾԭǸ񣬼ҽ̼ϵҶ
ҶǷĵĵǸȻκεĲ
û£û£
ҶŵλشҶѾ֪ˣŵڣڼȻѾ٣ûٻ赲λĳ֮·λɸܣߵţɽ磬λԸɣ
ҶĻ֮ٴһƬž
ʵÿ˶ڵ仰ÿ˶ڵһ̵ĵǳ𣬾ڵһ̣
ǣڣһ̾ͳǰȴԥ͵ˡ
Ϊ˭Ҳұ֤ԼܹߵţʧܵĻôЩŬھǸԼڴϣҲΪӰ
ĺʿ¶Գܣ
Ѫۣϣ죬˳˵жͬĵǺ
ԣǶվû˸ҵһǰȥߵţǱ˴ϣܹվǵһˡ
Ȼ˵Ŀֶ¼Ҷϡ
˵·Ͻ֮У˭ʵϣߵţǾǷҶĪ
ҲϣҶܹһߵţҲǼʣٿԴһϣһɵϣ
ȻʱҶȴǹ˵Ŀ⣬ֻĿĿĪ磬˵ֻǷ޶˲Ļ
ȻҶǲ׼ȥһˡ
ܺܶʿҶ˿̵ıָеʧΪԼʵ϶ͬĵǣҶڵݺҪǵһȥߵţȴûߵĻ˿ɾͶĴˡ
ȴҲ޿κΣܲǿбҶȴߵŰɣ
Ψ˳ڿҶʱ۹֮оȻһĨɫ
ȻҶָϣ˵ĿȻʼڱ˴֮䲻ϴ׷ϣܹվ˶Ⱥ֮неҪûλǰλ֪ʾҲа
ߵţ˶ֻ֪ȴ֪⣬ãҲģǿеǰͺˣȻȻľ;ۼѪۣϣ죬Լ˳⼸˵ϡ
Ѫǣʵʵǰ˳ΪλתʵҲ˽֪ڴҵĿУʺϵѡ
ѪۣϣӿЦȻǵȷǰҲǵһ·֪֮ʲô
˳ͬҡҡͷȻ֪Լ϶ܹߵţ϶ܹɣȴԸΪһˣҪҶĺ棡
վ˳ǰ˫ļ䣬ΪҽߵŵĹ̡
ߵţһҪԼԻΪÿ˸ĵͬ۳ıԴͬŵ״ӶͬҲͱˣεĳ֣ÿ˶жһ޶ԼţӵкһԴ֮ʿҲܴš
ڶԼų֮󣬾ҪȥıԴ֮ߵţҲ൱ڽԴ֮ԿףŵԿܴôžͻᶴУͿɳɣ
˳Ļ֮Χǧʿٴ˳Ĭ֮УȻϸ˼ߵŵĲ͹̡
֮ʿѯʣǻ᲻޷ԼԻ
ᣡ˳϶ĵڶȵһҪѣǵһǹؼΪһôԵ͸ǷȱôȻԻҲʧȥߵŵʸ񡣡
ʵԻǱԴ֮޷ţǻ᲻ʲôΣգ
ᣡ˳ٴεͷԻȴ޷򿪣ôʿпܱɣӶΪŵһ֣˵Ϊһ֡
Ϊһ֣
һ仰ñͲ̫ĵڶʿʱɷףߵţȻҪеֲֿĺ
ʱȻһͬһ𣺡һĵӶôСߵ𣬴һѣ


2382 
˵ˣһƤ׳Ȼɫе԰ףȴһּ֮ɫ˲Ǳˣǰٿأ֮ԴȥҶһȭɽԡ
ɽƶ磬һʿ̤·ĸĿģ綼ͬǲǵΪԼܹɣϣԼܹ֮ӵиΪǿӶԸԼڵһõ滷
ΪˣҶɽԳΪѣҲʮΪ
˭Ҳû뵽һվȥߵŵ˾ȻոպҶһȭδȥߵţʵ֮١
ʱҶȴ΢΢һЦĪߵɽԵǰɽԵļɽ֣һ£ǼĪ硣
磬·Ͻύĺѣɽԣ
ɽһȻûϵҶʱԼǰܿعæĪ繰ΪɽԼɩӣ
ĪȻҲЦŻ񣬶ҶҲջɽԼϵ֣Цŵɽ֣ףˡ
ãɽһͷƬ޵ȥ
ףǿɫָˣѪѾȬ˰
Ȼ˿ɽԺǰĲͬ˵ɽԼҲע⵽ȷԼƹȻȬֻ׵ô£ɻԼԴ
ףȴǶˣղҶΪɽԺĪܣʵȴǳͬʱȻƸʡ
˵ģ˵ı£ҲǶʱ˾治ѣҶġ
ʵ˵ܼ򵥣ľ֮ǿ֮Ҷ֮еľľɹշҪƻ練ơ
Ƭ֮ɽҲô£תͷмĿҶһۣȻһ֮Դ
ˣ
𵴣ɽԵ̸ֳıԴߴɣһ߸߹ļ⣬ȥͳǿıըϢ
֮ΪԴ۳ɵĵȻǰҶѾ˵Լڵ⣬Ϊǧûиߵ֣֮ڴʿУȻеƲֱԴҲѹ֣ٹ̵˼룬Ȼһ˲ת䡣
ڣ˶ס˺ҶҲ⣬ĿתעɽԵĵȴһ̱仯ĳ֡
أ
Ȼɽתͷֿ˳ʳһ˶ǿЦõ⡣
˳ЦҡҡͷıԴ֮ȥϸӦܡ
Ŷ
ɽ»عͷȥıԴһҲǽţһǿ˼£ҲǴ⵽˼µУͬһɷ籩һϯȥ
һ̣ʿĸоƬ֮УԼԣһʮС
ǿ
ǰ
˲ڳޣֳУеƲҲ𽥵߽ɢɽԵĿ֮УҲ˸ľ塣
Ȼָ޵쿴һ⣡
Ҳй㣡
Ƭ֮Ǻڰ޹ģȻɽԵĵͷų˹âҲ޷ޣֹ㣬Ǻױ˷ֵġ
ǣ˶һ޵Щ㻹ԼٶȳɽԷȥͬһ㣬˷۶ֱɽԵǰ
䣡
һ촫Щ㾹Ȼ۳һԿĴţ
һߴɣݷ֮һȺΰĴţ
ȻɹɣӦõĴڣȻܹĿɽԣݷʯɣ߸߹𣬳кͱըϢϸǷֲ֮ƣԡ
Ҳ˸ǰ˳˵ģÿ˵ŶǶһ޶˼ȻԾרɽԵġ
žǿٵ֮ʱѾǻǿ֮⣬ͬ˲ɣ֮Уη
ţ
ɽԻˣ
ţ
ǵģţʿţ
ŵĳ֣ĪϣȻ֪ɽ˵ĴڣǴ˿̵ۿһţ֮۶ʱָоȫǲͬģںܶʿӯ
ҶҲעţ˲ɽԣΪܹԻҶȴͿ϶ɽܹ
ΪɽԵĵͼ֣Լ֮غǹ֮·ϣܲξͻĸţⶼ˵ɽԶ̣֮ĶԵ⣬޷Իôʿ붼ˡ
ɽԣߵţ
ߵɽ磬Ϊ˰ɣ
ڶʿ̲֮࣬ס׷׸ߺһ̣ŵǰķеǷ˽ϣɽܹɹߵţ


2383 ʧ
ɽҲһǰֵ𺳣е㲻ţԼԻġ
˵źɽԵĶУлع˿һƬҲûȥѯ˳ߵţΪѾ֪ȥ
ٴһɽԶȻǰ˹ȥһֱߵŵǰ
վڰɸߵ֮£ɽԵοСޱȣĵߡ
ʿɫصעɽԣΪǲ֪ߵţôɽԽĶΪǵʾ֪ôǲҴκһϸڡ
˵ϣɽھվƬ֮󣬾Ȼ˫֣ŵȴ֮ϡ
ͬʱĵҲͬĶ˫֮ϡ
һ̲סɻҪʲôѵҪƿ𣿡
ɣߵŲҪԸԵıԴ֮ΪԿɽôҪǿƿأ
Ȼ˳ȴǵͷÿ˸ݸıԴ֮ĲͬŵӲͬߵŵķʽҲͬɽ֮ΪԴ֮ôߵŵķʽȻƿţû

ȻɽԺͬʱһȣ˫˫ֻȻȥ
ɽԺܣ֮Ʒ趯ΪźһǸ߸߹ļķըһ㣬̲סġ
վԶʿĸо
ؿԼ·ϵ
ɽһеȫֵϣ
ˣ
žȻɽԵƶ֮£ĲƺҪƿ
ͣɽԣ
ټһƿƿ
Ͳһˣɽԣ
һ̣ٴΰ಻סĵļ׷׳ΪɽԼ͹ľ
ɽԺŽƬ֮ͻȻ𵴵ķȼӾ磬Ҫһ˳ȴɫһȻߺɽԣˣҪˣ
˶ɫ䣬ɽȻ˳Ļĵ˫־֮ͬһβۿŵԽԽңɢĹâɽԺȫ
ʱҶͻȻɽԵԣһץסɽԵĸ첲һֲָΪȻնȥ
ǲ
˶һͬ绮ǰĹâʱһɨգʧˣɽȴǰȻıҶ˳˿ȻĿǰޡ
ȻɽȻɹ˵һȴδɵڶҶʱ֣¶ᱻɣӴ֮󣬳Ϊһ֡
ڶʿٴγԭΪȻɽѾԻôӦܹƿţʵ֤Ĳôô򿪵ġ
ɽҲڻعϵǣϾȻû˿ľɥ֮ɫҶһЦлҶʧˣ
˶ΪɽԶеϧȴ˵ȻĻҶЦˣļûϵлᣬȻȥɣ
ɽԵĹ֮ɹҲãʧҲãȥͳݻҲòʿеͷ
Ҷɽ»صȺ֮УȻȻȥߵţʿ֮˹վʼԡ
Ȼλʿ˰죬ȻŶûԻȴҲû˱ɵΣգڨڨ˻ԭء
ΪȻɽԶԻôԼôҲɽҪʵȴ֤ܶ˶Ȳɽԡ
ԽԽʿʼԣмӵĶԸȴ˳꣬Ƭ֮оͳʿʿͬʱԻŵΡ
ڿʼԵģ϶ʿһֳ֮󣬽֮УֻвʮˣԻܹߵŵģȴһûУ
ⲻʮУнһ㱻ŸɣڹؼʱҶܻվǾȳ
ңʿҲˣҶ֮⣬֮ûκһܹ𵴵ʱ򣬿ǧ׷Χ֮ڡ
ҶľٶȴЩʿǶһŶ裬ǼߵʧܣҲȥ˱ɵΣա
ǲô˵һٶҲûһܳɹ˿ʼþɥȻ֪ɲôףǵԼʧܵʱʧӵǿҡ
Ⱥֳܿ󲿷֣һȺʧܵʿǾۼһ𣬻С̽ű˴ߵŵľ͸оϣܹлȡ㾭飬Ӷԡ
ǵľٶ˳ҡҡͷκ˶ߵſûʲô̸֮ȫҪԵĸ򣬲ȻĻǧҲܳɹ


2384 
Ȼ˳֪ߵŵ࣬ʱҲǾԲ˵ģ˵ֻ˳ԼԻԹԱͣһ͡
˳Ŀܻ޵ĿҶҲֻʵǺҶʶˣĪ֮⣬ͬѪۣϣˣǵĿȫڡ⡱ɨҶ
ȻǶڵȴҶȥߵţ
ҶȴǶ˵ĿⶼһֻǣĪ֣ƽվעÿһڳԿŵʿһ˭Ҫɣ̾ͻȥԮ
Ī綼ܲˣСҶҶܣ֪֪ʦǶڿ㣿
֪
Ҷشĺܸɴࡣ
Ҳ֪Ϊʲôɣ
֪
㵽׼׼ȥߵţ
ʵĪʳʱҲʮ־ᣬΪڶԼϣҶȥߵţҳɹߵӶɽ磬ѹͲϣҶȥߵš
Ҷûлش⣬ǷעĪ磬𣿡
ң
Īסˣ˵ʵԼû⡣
ӦǼٻʿȻܹߵһߵ֮оûвɵģ
𣿿ǳɵĻǲԼҪºܶණΪԼɣԼܹԼҲųɡ
Ī磬ڳÿһˣʵﶼʮɣֻǸ˵顣
һɣȮ£Ǹܴڵģ
߼磬ȻҲи߼ĹҪŷһǰ춼˵ԶԶɽˡ
ɣȻܹʿýߵľ磬ȴҲζҪºܶĶѣ
Ȼںܶʿ˵ʵ⣬ΪߵһܳΪˣѾǻ˺ܾúܾãǵѣ˵ģ϶Ѿˡ
һǹ¼ҹһȻûκεǣңԷһУ̹Ȼȴš
Ī˵ȻһԻش⣬Ȼɷܹʼиĸеܵܣд󲮣̫޷µ˺
֮ĪЦҡҡͷҶҽ׻Ҷܣ𣿡
ԭĪΪҶ϶ҲͬԼһᣬһѡȻû뵽ҶĻشĸɴ࣬䣺룡
شĪòŻع㲻ɣ
룡ҶĻشɸɴࣺʲôõģɽ磬˵ֻǸĵѣ֮ҲŶթ֮Ҳ𱰸£֮ҲҶΪ˵Ψһô¾ܳ㣬Σ
ҶĻĪеʧȡ֮ĵƽȻ֪ԼɷΪʲôɽôûкøУǣ˽Լɷ˽ҶϣõĶˣսҶƣֻһ𣡡
ҶĪĿ֮г飬Цŵ˵ͷ֮Ǿ뿪ػػ磬ʱһкܶҪȥ
Īصĵ˵ͷûȥҶҪʲô顣
ڣЩȻ䵽ҶϵĿ⣬ĪҲȥĺˣ֮⣬û˻뵽Ҷ֮Գٳٲȥߵŵԭ򣬾Ȼɣ
ӹŵ񣬲ɵʿҶǾҲǿǰˣ
ʿȴʮֵҪɣȻﲻϵĳţͬʱ֮ڵȴǿȥˡ
Ϊߵţɽ˵Ҳһ£ԪɻɣǵĹעԵ˵Ȼ˿ʼߵˣ̾ӿ֮Ҫۿһ£һΣ׶˭ܹߵţΪ֮еһԱ
ɽĴͳֻһΣѵһȻ΢енҴֻѹۿš
Щ˲֪ĴڣҲ֪ǰ·ڷĴսǿߵŵûʲôͬ
ԣҪ˵ͬЩʿǵʵʵ̫ĿǰΪֹٸʿϣȴûһܹߵš
Ȼͬûһ߸ϵţҪʼˡ
ȻҲڵȣǵȴֻˣһҶһ˳˵ߵţɹҲ˿Ȥ
վǧޣȴ֮п˾ĿĶƵϡ
ʼмӣһһܹߵš
ڣҶȻûһȥߵ֮⣬ʣʿҲֻʣµûгˡ
ȷҶѾһԵ£ƶһۺ˫˫վ˳


2385 
˾ȻѡͬʱԻţһһߣǽƬһΪռһ롣
ȻҲһֱԣȱȿ˭Իȱȿ˭ܳɹߵţΪ·һɽĵһˣ
ıԴ֮ǽ֮ƵıԴ֮ս֮
˱Դ֮ûãâ޵֣ͬʱ۳޴ţ˵ǰ
ţڶʿ뷢һ֮̾ЩҪĵ˯ŵǣҲ˾Ǿ˷̲ܵסȭͷǧ޵Ŀһۡ
ΪԻţȻԱҪߴΰĶ࣬ǧߣǰȻҲʿԻŸ߶ȳɽԵţǾûǶ˵Ҫΰ
̲ס۷׷
ǧţܹɹߵĻҲɾҲпɺ
ǰ˵ʵҲ̳ˣֻгɹߵţжϰ
˳мû˵ȻڳڶʿҲ֪
ǾԻԽߣȻǶڸԱԴ֮ԽҪߵѶȣҲԽȻߵ֮󣬽ɽҲǻͬ
˵ʵһ̵ʱͻᱻкܹؼһ㣬ʵÿԻŵĲͬ
һ˵ʿڰңɾɺŻɵǧңţܵǧɣǵŶң
ƣȷûй˶ǵҲȷʵζ·ϵٮٮߣܹԻǧɸߵţԼǰţоϣԺԾĿһҶƺҫһ¡
ԭǱΪ·ʵˣҶһУȴǽ˸׳̫Զľ룬ñĸǱһӵںòи΢йһ£ȻϷŹ
Ҷɫȴޱȵƽû¶Ľ֮ɫҲû¶ʼ֮Ρ
ϣԽʧӦϻյĽƣҲͬʿһδܳɹߵţʧˣ
ʿҪǿĵطҪɵʱǲûҶȣǸ˳
þȻţҲ˲ҡͷ̾Ϣ׷׸пζ·ʿҪ޹ˡ
˷Щ֪ҶˣȴͬһʼڵȴҶȥߵš
ڣڣʿѾϣȫûĽǽĿҲͶҶΪ׵һȺˡ
ħʵ̲סˣҲȥѯҶΪʲôԼվ˳ޡ
ıӰ˳аϼƣ˵ô֮УҶԼ֮⣬ϣܹߵŵˣħĪˣ
Ϊһվڶʿ֮УǳɹܹŰپʮصˣֻҶˡ
ˣеõûеͱ׼·˵ӵĵǿоۼǶڵĸԲ̣ԶԶﲻߵŵĳ̶ȣԣǵʧܣ˳֡
첻ͬȻ˻֮֮гʮʱ䣬ڴ֮ǰֻ֮ûи򣬶Ҷĳ֣ȳͬʱҲվ˻֮·
ˣпߵŵġ
ħվ֮УȻʿʶǶ֪ҶʦҪɵɽһλת֮һȻڴҲʮ־޴ҪţȫԾ׷ÿ·
ܿıԴһѪӰѪ֮
㣬Ҷûκ⣬챾ΪѪ壬ΪѪ֮Ѫ֮ΪԼıԴ֮ȻǺ
ıԴһ֣֮һŨѪ֮ζƺճúܶ˴ʡ
ͬʿԻһܿ죬רҲǰһﵽǧɸߵĺɫţѪȾ͸һ㣬ĴĿġ
ǧɣȻǧɣȸղСʿҪߣѵ˵һλҪ˲ɣ
ܹԻǧɸߵţ˵һصʱҲӦһ˾ʮŲɣôǶһӡûУ
ţ˵ȤҲɫĿϾҶʦǵĿȴͬʱɨһǧޡ
ǧȻҪʲôϴ·ϽģΪ֮ĴڣÿϵӰ첻̫δӡ


2386 ſ
ǧɸߵѪɫţɢŨѪζ֮⣬ҲڳĴʿо˼ѹ֡
ڸںЩȫĿɿڴעţȻȸղŵٻţҪ߳屶֮࣡
治Ǵ죬ǵת
˳ҲǰͷħȷǿɹߵţôпܻΪɽ֮еĵڰλ
Լڿǰ֮Ҳǳĳ˿
û֪ʵħѹκ˶ҪĶ࣬ΪݣѪһŵĴߣʮλصĵӣһλҶԣδ֮ǰʮֵԼٻŻʲôȵ˵ҪĻ˵Ǻܶ顣
İ
ڣԻŴﵽǧɣԾĿǰʿ֮ûж
ĿڲſʼͷϷҪѪ֮ߵţ
첻ϵĵԼĺԼ״̬İ¶ģֻܳɹʧܡ
ȻƽʵʼսעԼʦҶʱüͷȴǲһ¡
ãʦеĸˣܷӳԴ֮ȻҲ޷ߵţߵŵĻ˼ҵƢ
ҶĻ˵һʹסˣ̾ͬʱѾ׼һʦһɣԼҪȥȳ
ֻ˸ߵţɺų֮ҲԼΪˣȻҶԼۣܵһԼĶ΢һ˿ʦɣʱһоˣ
飡
ͻȻһıըϴţ顱֮ͬһĽ
ÿһαըϾͻἤһѪ˲Ϣ֮䣬ܹ߰ٶʮѪͳͷѪĵӳɢһĹâ
ȻʱʼպҶǣֵĪ磬ȴԵĸоҶ΢΢һһæеʵôˣ
ҶûԼӣ̾˿ʦҪʧˣ
ô֪
ߵţҪԼıԴ֮ʦıԴ֮Ѫ֮ڣڲ֪оȻѨλ֮Ѩ֮ߵˡ
ѪһţʮһˣѪսĹѨλ֮Ȼǵ̱ʿҪ죬Ҫǿ̵УѨ֮Ҳǲ֪͸ǵĸ֮С
ǰҶ֪Ѩ֮ĴڣѪ۵ĹѨ֮УѪ۶ѪսĲȫᵽѨ֮
Ҷ˵ŸʿıԴ֮ԻôߵȻҲҪıԴ֮ħڼ߰ٶʮѪӴͨ߰ٶʮѨλ֮бƳģεоͽѨ֮Ҳʩչ˳áԿסòȻߵš
Ҷһ㣬ѪҲһ㣬ʱ˭Ҳ޷֪ͨ졣
һԾûв߰ٶʮѪȻըǰ̵ĳǰš
žžž
ô򴰻һ㣬еѪϵ֮ϣһѪҲЩѪײʼ𶯡
ҶѾɿĪƣ˫֮б⣬ĶţֻҪһɵͷͻԥĳȥ
Ȼ뵽Լʦ֮ȳʱʦƢԻԽܣԼҲܿʦ䱻ɡ
ˣ
ǧɸߵţϷҵ𶯣˸оƬ֮ضܵӰ죬Ҳڸ𶯡
ˣͬԼڣĿⶼζѪɫţȴѪȫ꣬ȴ֮кȻ
žžž
ڣ߰ٶʮѪһβ©ȫݺݵĴ֮ϣҲŵ𶯴ﵽһֲֿƵʡ
ͻȻѪɳ
ҶӰһȻʧ˲ԡ
ȻҪԼʦʱȻȴǿˣʦԭòΪѪĴʧޱߵĲϣܲϸչ¶һĨҵЦݣ
ȻʦѾ֪ʧˣ޷ߵţҲ޷Ϊˣ
İ޷
ˣʦͽһ֮
ĨЦݣĴ̼Ҷ࣬Ϊ֪˿̵ʧܣʦ˵ζʲôҲԸʦʧܣԭҪʦɵ뷨ԼٶȣѪɫɢǿѪڣһ㣡
䣡
һ죬ͬʱƬޣԼɽ֮
ǰǧɸߵѪɫţȻߴ˿


2387 ׼
Ŵˣ
һޱȣʥϢĹâڻ򿪵ŷ֮͸һȫֹԼ޷ȫɴ۾ŴͣĶǵ⣡
˵ѪһŵĴˣѪϵʶǣ࣬Ī˵жѾᣬˡ
ɽҲ⣬ǼЩʿһҲ鼤Ŀɿڴ˽סȭͷ
ΪŴ򿪣ڷʿ˵ζڿͬ鼴ΪˣȻԼҲԲеһΣǻἤǻ𾪣ǻڼʵͬʱҲȷΪħˡ
ɽЩ˵ߴǧɵŵĴ򿪣ζмĿܣӴ֮ɵӪУһλµ
ɽˣÿһ֪ɽĴսȻԪɻɣҲϣԼӪܹ׻ܶԷõʤôһȻҲϣԼӪܳĸ֣˵
ˣʱ˿̣еļ˿Щʿ
ڼȺ֮УȴˣϵıȻҲĿɿڴ𺳵ԭȴΪ죬ΪҶ
˾ɵۣټ˳
Ҹղۻ𣿡ħԺ֮
Ҳۻˣʵǲܵ°ţҲ
ۻûˣ˫𣬻ͬʱۻ󿪿ڡ
Ǿģħֱתͷ
Ҷ죬ţҲתͷ˷
һͷǵģѨ֮Ѫ֮Уߵţڹؼʱ̣ȷҶһָ׵ĵ㿪ţ
𾪵ԭҶȻܹţ·Ǵûгֹ飡
˳˵ĺÿԻŶǲͬģȻҲȥ˵ţܰ˴ˡ
ͬʶͬ׼һԪɺɣ֪Ļ׼
ȻڣҶȻΪɵһָͷͰţ׼Ҳܲˣ
Ȼͬ޷ܵĻɵۣ
ʱ˿̣ɵԼɹ֮УüͷҪˣǰѵĻ֮һ߲ϵⲽһ߲ͣҡԴлܣԲܣңҲ޷ʿţֻķʽʿɽ磬ɽʹţȫͬĸ
ڣɵֹͣⲽĿֱֱĶ˻羵֮ҶϣһͷҶȻӵ壬ôʸΪԪɣܸκδۣҲҪ˳ң
Ҳʱ˾˶һۺħ𿪿ڵȻ˴ţǰµķӡȻҲ֮ʧЧǾǰ·ԻһλҶɣ
£ͬʱʧ
·ϣȻ˶Ҷ󣬵ǳ˳֮⣬ȴ˭Ҳûп壬Ҷڹؼʱ̵һָŴ򿪡
ǶΪҶΪħᱻɣԲŻἱϵ׼ʱԮ
ȻԼûз֣˿ҲͬһĿɿڴעǰѾ֮һš
֮У͸ǵʥĹâȻҲԽԽ࣬ħ죬Ҷȫԡֹâ֮⣬ͬʱҲƬ޵˷
ͬ򿪵Ĳţһװ˹âķһ
һĻԶڳڶʿУǴǵ𺳣Ҫǣ̤·ǧ֮һеϣ
ɣ翣Ǿˮ£ʵľͰǵǰ
Ȼڻ򿪣򿪵֮һʱ򣬳˹â֮⣬һɰɫӿ
׵б죬̾Լǻһ㣬ڵʣиĶȫӿ֮£ɢ
ɽеϢ
ʵ˵Ҳֻ֮Ũ̶ȸʿ޷ġ
ʿܹһ˿Եֵʱ䣡
ӿͬʱͻȻһɰϢǼȫŵɢ
Ϣһƣһ֮ϵǿƣ
Ҷйâһͬһ㣬ֱվԼʦǰɫƽעţ֮л߳Ӱ


2388 
֮УȻ߳Ӱ
ڸ֮ĺйصм֮УûгֹΡ
Ҳˣ֮ӿǹɰƣҲǴӰ֮ɢġ
ˣ
ˣ
˵ľУӰڴ֮˳ǳһɲǣѪۣϣ𣬼ʿȫĹ֮У
򣬶ǵǵĿƣӰϣɢǰ֮⣬һʿģӱܣľη
ͬڰ֮ϻǰŵܵӿûһĲڸķڱܵη塣
ʱ˿̣Щڶڸ֮ж߳ƵʿǣȫоԼӣĿ޷ӰǸ߸ϵǲò
ǱĹ֮ϵ棬ڿӰ֮󣬲ŵôĹˤȥæ뿪Ĺ̳˻ΣԼס
ȻҲʿͬҲӰȻվıֱģûй¡
ˣҶ˳ħ죡
˲ͬħûйµԭΪҶվǰȫס˴֮߳Ӱɢǿ
˳֪Ӱ֣ԼǰǶƽȵĴڣһԼҲǡ
ҶȫӰɢƵӰ죬ͦεξһԶᵹµɽһ㡣
֮߳ˣȻɽ
ӹҲһΣ·ʿ򿪵֮߳ˣڳڶʿȫ£ɽеڿһĻʱҲ𾪲ѣȫΪʲô涼ѵüһε𣬾Ȼʱͨţ˷磬·ϡ
Ҳվǰ鶼û˿仯Ҷ
Ҷ
ħȿڡ
ҶҲͷ𣡡
ֱ˿˵ļ򵥵ĸ֣ٴɽȻ󲨣һ˶ķʿ𲻵򣬾ȻƽֱĳƺţҪ֪ҲǴ󲻾֮
Ҷġ񡱣ȴû˿Ĺ֮⣬Ȼħ𿪿ڵǾɽҶﲻ˵֮أǻطģΣ
ͬʱǰ˽磬ȻֻΪ˺Ҷģһ£Ҳ̲סˣ׷׿ڵ⵽ô£ҶǺηʥλǸ˳𣿡
֮УֻǧȫǰȻ˵˷;˼Ŀǧһۣǻ˷Ƭ֮󣬾Ȼת뿪š
ģҶ΢΢һЦתͷһԼѾȫ򵹵ʿǵ󣿡
ħ𶼱ҶԴһ˿Ļ΢΢һֻзͬתͷһ֮󣬶ʱ׹ЦŵҶСѣʵ̫ļԵϢ֣
ĻҲǻȻ򣬶˳ȴ΢΢һЦȻ֮С
˳Ҷʵ̫˽ˣ֪Ҷһ첻أֻ˳еҲ˱ƹµΪԣ֣ʿòµǲ
ҲĲǹģǱɽߵĴڣǹȻĻɢҲܲˣ˵Щʿˡ
뵽Щ飬ڷԹɫ뵽ˣȻҲ͸ǵϢ
ȻûԴڱܵ壬ڳڶŵʿȴȻŲ
Ҷη𣬲ҲԲη𣬱Ͼɷ֮Ĳʵ̫󣬸οԷȻҳɽĵλȻҲ͵ȥԼĲ
ȻزˣҶһ˿ΣȻתԼʦʦͽΪһ£λɽλɽϵĴڣǼʦ
Ķʮһϲܹţ
ħ΢΢üֻǶ˵ͷ㿴ҶȻǲҶҪʲô
Ȼ˿̵ȷҪѯҶǱϾ𣬸߸ϵܹ˽磬ԵϢѾǶҶˣҶȴҶƺûҪԼ˼ȻǵĲ졣
ҲǲҶ⣬ȴĶΪλ𡣡
첢ûйΪҶһİҲȥݳ˳֮κˡ
ţҶٴοڣ棬棬λǰλʦʦ㣬磬ǣǻ𣡡


2389 ɵ۳
ʱ˽ҶˣѾĿģ˵㵽Щˣĳƽ
Ҷ˼ԣȻҶĳҶƽôҶ˵ǵĵλҶƽȵģȻҲƽȵģǹ£
Ѫ۵аһ̾һ죬һҧվ
һĻٴɽǣеħλӵĲ죬Ǹ쾭飬ҶȴС֮ϲϾǴҪһ
ڶʿڴ˿иǰԾȻ뵽Ȼͷ󣬵ίʵûϵȻϵĴˣټҶûеǵ֣ԾɹһҶ
Щ½վ𣬽ħſڵҶСѣǿԻطú̸̸˰ɣ
ʵҶ𣬲ûʲôֻϰ˵ĸ߸ϣǵħλʢ˵̬ȡ
ڼȻԼĿѾﵽ˲ԸԼҲȥǿ
Ȼԣ
ҶСѽһ˵
ҶֱƵ޵ͬʱֿ֣ٳһĿռ䣬ȻǷֹܹ﷢һеɵ̸ۣ֪ݡ
ȻԼħȿڵҶСѣʦŵḶ́Ҷ֪Ǿʣôģ
ʵҶµǵĿģ֮ͬǵ̸ǲԸʦ֪࣬ΪȷԼʦţʦ֪Ǿʹ˼ҵ
ģ˵ʵҲҵʱֻʦţԼѪ֮ϵһ£û뵽žȻʹˡ
ⲢҶڷˣǰ٣ȷ֪ԼʦţеԭĲ֪ҪһЩûͨ
Ȼ֪ҲԼԼǰ뵽Ķ˵û׼ܹԼһЩϣⲢҪģϣпӰ쵽жϣԣϣܹȫԼŪԼ뷨
ڴ֮ǰʲô˵
ҶĻشȻ޷ܺϿɣΪ˵˵û˵ǽôʣҶĻشȴ˿û䡣
գֻηȻҲܿĳҶȷĵطֻԸ˵ҲӲҶ˵
ðɣҶСѣڴ˵زܴ̫ʱ䣬Ϊ˫ĳ֣ɵۿʧȥ˼ȴģӦûǰɽĵδսǱϻȥʱ׼ǻɽ磬Сѵĵ
Ҷÿɷĵ˵ͷҲ˵ʲôǴռ֮߳ͬҶڵˣȴס
ΪƬ֮УֶˣˣҶʶȴĲˣ
ոǻ̸еһˡɵۣ
֮󣬴߳ˣ֮һɵۣһɵµһλ
˻ᾪȾȻ￴ɵ֮⣬޷ŵɵ۴˿̵̬ȣ˿аɵ۵ӣЦݵĺħ죬Ī˵ʲô
һĻ˿޷ܣɵǺҲɽĵδ֮ʱס
ǳڸɵߵˣҲûмλЦݣȻڣɵȴЦޱȳ죬Լе֮⡭
ɵҪ£Ҷ
ɵ۴˾ٵ⡣
ҶȻǱ׼ɣڻԵɺ֮£ӵ壬Ҳӵ˳ΪԪɵʸ񣬸οֳǿ󣬾ֵɵ۷¼ӣϧһдȥ£
˵ʵڴ֮ǰû뵽ɵۻ£ҶΪҶʵʵɣ֮󣬱ȻɵӪڿɵ۵ı֣ĿжӿһΣС
Ҷıɵ£ǲûзεɽսֶɴ
ôҶпܱ£
ĿͬʱҶҶȴãȻüͷ΢壬֪ɵ˭Ȼ֪ԷĿˡ
ҶСѣɵۣԪ֮ף
һ仰ҶȻ򣬶ȴɫ䣬ߵɵ۵ǰ
ɵ۵ȷ£Ҷģҵ˻˷ϸѯ֪ĹҶһʮξټۼҶ˹µĲҲҶĳЦһš
ߵԼǰҶҶڣɵѾһҶֱȭ΢ЦĵɸҶѣ
ɽ磬·һƬţ


2390 
ܹһĻ˺Ƭ֮صʿͬ˳ڣȫɵˣ
ɸɵ۵ıԼ֪жδùˣȻ죬Ҷɵ۾ȻԳƱɴ˿ɼҶӳ̶ȡ
ò˵ɵ۵ȷһۣӻ˷˽ҶԼۿԴҶ̶̬֮ҶԸ˴µգӶŻڵһĻ
֪Ҷߵ£ȻĺҶʦ̸ڼҶˣǺԥԳƱڲԼΪɵ۵ݣȫΪӮҶĺøС
ֲЦˣҶѾ֪ɵ۵ݣҲ֪ɵ˵ĿģԴ˿̵ɵۣһƢûС
ɵ۵̬ȣҪõĶࡣ
Ҷɵۣ
ҶĻһ
ɵ΢΢һЦų˳Ե˵ͷȻҶҶѣʵɹȻ֪ҶѶɹǶԪɿ϶ЩֻҪҶԸ⣬κֻҪҶܹĳҶӦ
ɵ۾ȻֱӵĽԼɫʱ䣬ħ𵱼ŭɵۣʲô˼
ɵ΢΢һЦħҲˣҾҶѼɹ
ҶɣôܻԪɣˣħ𼤶ĶҪ嵽ɵ۵ǰˡ
ɵȻЦеĵҶѵȷɣֻԪɲӵе壬ȫʸΪԪɡ
ҲĿڵɵۣû뵽ֱɵҲóɱɵʱôûҪɼǣ񿴵ҶɺԪ̰֮Ͱ͵ĸϹ룬浱ɵӲɣ
ɵϵЦʧĵ𣬺ûһ˵ˣʲôɱɣеԪɣѵսǲпģʤ߿ܣû˭˭֮˵
ʱƬ֮ݷɵ۵ս˫ִһʣţȻһԲϣ̰εգʱʿҲҴһ£֮֡
һУ˵ˣʵΪ£һ˻ķʿҶ
ڶ಻˽˺ʿǣǴɵۺĶԻ֮ˣԭҶȻͬʱ֮ɶԵĸ⣬ԭȽ壬ԳΪ˫ҪĶ
ȻֻƬ棬ȫ࣬Ҷֻӵ֮ĻʵԲܹɵ˵ӡ
ɵ۲ϧǰļҶԭʵҶʵĿɲݣɵ۶޷жϳҶȻûгɣǵжߵʵܹһָ㿪ţ
Ҳһ㣬ɵ۶¶ģϧһд£Ҷ
ɵ۵ִǵҶȴǱһԣҲżһλһɫƽĹע˫һλ˫ת˳ͬվһԣϴ˼֮ɫ֪˼Щʲô
ʱʼҲһδķ˫ֺʲλˣӦҶԼ
ʱ˵Ŀ⣬ٴμеҶϣħ̲סֵҶԼӦñκ˶ɣԪƲɽΪȡĵλ֪жԪ֣֮
ɵҲĵħһ䣬ɽ籾ԪУԪɲ̿ڷԲ⿪ٳ·Ǵһȷ֮ţܹͨɽ磬ǵɽ֮󣬲֪жԪɱƵĲò뵽磬Ϊ̣ѵԪɾҪ¾𣡡
ˣ
ڣҶȻڣ򵥵֣ɵۺͬʱ͡
Ƕ˵ȥˣҶҡҡͷѾ˾
Ī֮⣬κ˶֪Ҷľʲô˿̲ŵĿҶ
Ҷ˿ֿ˿ɵ۵ԪҲãҲգԲҶûȤˣɽ綼û˿Ȥлɵ۶ҵ̧ҶֻܹˣΪҲɣֻҵѣһãƽƽĹһ
ҶĻ£ؼٴ˼ž֮У˭Ҳû뵽ҶȻɣ
ңλɽĶļ룬Ȼֱ˵Ľ˫ȫؾ
ҶĻǼ⣬ݾܾò˶Ϊ֮


2391 ˺Ͳ
㣬ɣ
Ƭ֮ħڵɴ۾Ҷʳ仰
Ȼ˶޷ţԱҪٴѯʣҶ϶Ĵ𰸡
ҶصĵͷǵģҶɣȵ˼ˣҾͻ뿪ûĻӦôҲ̤·ˣ
һο϶ĻشȻҲٴεƿԣ죬Ѫۣ˿Ҷ죬Ȼ˵ʲôȴֱͣʻ˶
Ƕ˽Ҷ֪ȻҶɣôȻɣңҪǣҶĳҶֵܣҶʦ֣ҶʲôľǶ֧֣ȥΪʲô
Ψһʼ鶼ûбˣѾ֪Ī֮⣬ֻʣ˳ˡ
Ҷɵľƺû˿⣬ֻǶĿҶȻ֪˼Щʲô
ΪʲôвΪ˳ΪʲôɣҲ̲סѯеԭ
Ϊʲôǲ룡
ҶҡҡͷȻ˵ŲΪʲôԺȴǸֳһ棬һƬʬɽʬʬ壬Ƕ֫бۣѪʵĺֹɺӣѾ۳һƬѪ
棬ҶĳʼģҲɽս
û֪һ棬Ҷж󣬸û֪ҲΪһ棬ҶӸ϶ɽ磬ĵִų⡣
ɽ磬ĲãνķҪӵĲпᡣ
ȥЩˣɺԪɣÿһȥɣǰʵͺվƬޣ̤·ʿһһɽ˻㽺ϣ
˵ģͬʱҲǲҵģ
˵ΪǳɹˣԼɵռĿ꣬ΪˣΪЩδɵʿǵĿͰ
ǣҵǣɵǣֵõʲôأ


ʬǲȫ

Ϊˣõģ
ɵо仰˵ǶԵģսǲпģս֮Уû˭˭ΪÿսˣΪԼǶԵģǴġ
ͬɺԪɵĴսΪӮȨԪΪ˱Լļ԰˵ó˭˭
ʤΪ߿ܣֻջʤһŻΪԶĶԵһʷĳ֮ΪԼдһŨī
Ҷ£ʽ̤·쿪ʼʼΪ˸ָԭսš
ʼΪҶ̣ұ䣬ٵΪһڵˣȥһڳưȸ½ȥ͸ٵΪȸ½ܹԣò
Ϊ磬Ҫս
һ·ɱɱССҶ򣬴򵽴磬ִСС磬򵽴ǧ磬ִССķ磬򵽴ľ죬ִССľ죬·
ڣһҶΪˣҪСС·򵽴ɽ磬ֹ
ҶˣִɱɱָָܻɣƵԼòɱɱȥ
ڣֻ֮еʮξ֮УŻҶһΪӣΪƽǣҲҪġ
ʵĺͬξԼĳֵܣʦͬǣ뿪·ȥһƽ磬Ĺ
ǣôΪɣ˲ɣܽԼ뷨ǿӵ˵ͷϣΪԼһõԸ˽ı˸Լһѡ
ˣŻʼû뿪ҪվԼЩʦʦֵ֣ܣǣһ̤ɽ磡
ʦŵһ̣Ѿ˸
գԼˣֻҪҪɣǵʵǷ㹻ԼǴţʵԸ
ֻԼĲˣ
ɣҿǲܳɰɣ
ǣû׼Ŷ޷Ի˵Ŵ󻰣
治֪ɵôģȻ뵽ҪһķߣҾͲţ¼仹вɵˣ
ָǵĿд˳֪ǳڼʣǳԭ򣬼˶һµ̬ԴҶ
ʵֹǣɵۣԼЩҶ˽ʿǣ̲סֻɣǾ˵ҶûĴţԲŻ˵
ɵйâ˸ڵҶѣˣ
Ҷ΢΢һЦƺ֪һȻȥɵۣתԼĳͬţֵܵ˵Ҳɣ֪λ֮УȻҪɣԣһţǳɣ


2392 
ţǳɣ
˰ĻؼٴһƬŵУɵۣˣʿȫ𺳵ˡ
ӹĪ˵һʿɵҲ޷˵Ļȥ˳ɡ
ŵļѣ˶̵֪˽⣬ǵļУǵ뷨УԲӦôһܹ˳ɵˡ
ȻڣҶȴǵô˵棬˵仰ƽ飬̹Ȼ̬ȣʵ޷˵󻰣ڴꡣ
ǣûܹȥɣҶ˵ȥţȥǳΪˡ
ȺʼձųĬɵۣͬ˭ҲûпڣôעҶ״ĺ
ȻǸеͲģҶʲôŻţ˵Ļ
ҶȻǲܸ˵ˣΪʱҶѾߵƬ޵ģѪ۵棬Ϊ˰ͬʱȻվһ֮壬ڳ׵ĸıˣΪӭһȫµʱӮ˺˵ľͰʸΪˣ
棬Ѫ֮壬Ѫ֮Ǻ߻ħΪˣϧƳԱħ֮Ҿħ֮Ϊţ
Ҷ£ɢϢȻ䷢˱仯˲бѪ֮⣬˫峺˫ۣ˲һƬɫ񣬾һźɫı籩һκ˶ӡ
Ψħ˫ĿԲ૵ĵħ֮ΪԴ֮ң·ҲԻߵŵġ
ˣ
ͻȻ֮йγֵĹԶԶǰκԻ֮ʱǧɵų֮ǰĹ㣬ҲԶԶ磬ֱ޾һÿ˵ߣ㻷ƣƬȫΪ˹֮
ôôĹ㣿
òᶼҪ۳Űɣ
ôĹ㣬ȫ۳ŵĻŵж󣿡
֪϶ֹǧˣ
˻ʿڿ˺ܶĹ֮󣬶̲סʼ˽
ҾãҶνҪ۳ţܻܿӽĳ̶ȣң
ǳĳһλ֮ڣҪǰֻǴĲڣ仰ȴǳĬΪ֪ܾܿʵ
ֻ۳ܹﵽң񣬺ֵܿܽˣǲζţλ𼴽أ
һ̣ǶѾˣҶҪ۳ţΪԼΪѪۡ
ȫ֮ص˷˹һĿע֮£һſʼٳΡ
䣡
һ춯صľ֮£Ҷħ֮ΪԴ֮ԻڳΣ
һ̣ؾ
𶯣ܣ޶ͬ˵һھҵ𶯣Ȼô󲿷ʿɫ䣬ÿ˶òʹȫȶԼ壬ŬԼҪ𶯶ʧȥƽ⣬·֮С
ţǾ֪ԼֵǴ࣬ΪǿһĻľǾܵĺɫ޿ʼͬǽƤһƬƬİ䡣
֮͸ģȻԾǺɫֺɫ˵ȴǼΪϤģǾǿգ
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ڣкɫȫھҵ֮ɢܵһУҲ׵ıģ
ĵطʵ·ϵһأһǳҲ֮ǰ
ٳ·ˣΪ˹أҲΪ˼ǿǳĳ֮󷨿ռȵȷﲼóһƬ޵״̬
򵥵˵ǳڲٳһռ䣬Ȼռ䣬Բ׿Դġ
֪жʿ֣ǰҶ͵ﾭսδܽռơ
ȻҶԻţȻӲǳ׽ռ飬Ӷ뿪ޣǳ֮У֪̺֮֮ǿ󣬸Ѿ˵겼ˣµĽ֮
һѾߵ򣬴ݲڵļѾʧеֻ޾Ŀտ
Ҳûȥ̽ǳĹֹ֮ͣпѾĿȫҶԻ֮ϡ
Ѿǳǳ֮ǿա
ţߴɣ


2393 Խ޴
ɸߵţֹֻǾɽ֮и߸ϵԻ
ţһʵݵͬҲһϵҫÿһεĳ֣ɽ𶯣츲صı仯
ҫٴγ֣
λ
ڶݵ𾪺ͳ֮Уˣ
ɵۣţȻҲе𾪣ԶŨңΪ˵⣬ѾǵҶΪλĿܡ
Ȼֻ˳ţ¶˿Ц֮ɫĵţΪѪǰԻΪԻŶѾﵽı׼ôԼҪȫԻţֽʲôһأ
ǵģ˶ˣҶԻ֮ǰ˵ʮֵΪѪ۶ҪţѪ۳ɡ
ⲢҶԼţ
ʱ˿̣ѪȻҲͬһûʶԼţֻ𾪵עţг˾ϲͲ˼顣
ʱҶȻһָʱ˶ܸоһɳǵĺͿ񱩵ϢԼܼӹҶ۳ҶָϵһĨɫĹâ
棬Ϊţ
Ҷٴ𣬶֮ѾǸָǰɸߵ֮ϣһ㡣
䣡
ȻУŻߴ򿪣͸ɽеϢ͹âҲǼ֮󣬵ڶ򿪵ţ
˵ע֮£ȫ󿪣ڿκεĶֻܿƣɹãģĴ֮ˬܡ
˵ǰѾţһǧɣһɣӾϵĳʵ˶ݷҪֹͣˡ
ҶߵѪ۵ǰĵ棬ѿڣֻҪţܳɣ
֮ҶϢѾָƽ˫Ҳǻָû˿ħ֮Ϣ
ʱҲڻعŸҶΪԼΪѪ
Ȼʵ֮֮ľǾ޴𾪣ǾҶģ
ȻԼĵԻţһİ˴ţѾǵɵۣ޷֪еʲô
ÿ˶˼ѪǷܹԼԻţܷĳΪˣ
ѪܹͨҶ򿪵Ŷɣôʿ˵ͬħ֮ΪԴ֮ʿǷҲжΪأ
Щ⣬ʱûд𰸣Ҫõ𰸵ĻȴҲǼ򵥣ֻҪѪ̤ţôȻһжˡ
ڣ˵ĿȫҶϣתƵѪ۵ϣڴܹ⿪Ĵ𰸡
˽ҶˣҶĻΪٶЩĻɣѪۣԼҶȴᣬǶҶ˵ʵҶĻ˵ôҲζţֻҪѪ̤ţȻܹɽ磬Ϊˡ
Ѫ۵΢΢ţʹʿһȻҪɣôһУΪǰš
ǣʱ˿̣ĳǰɵĿıôֿɼʱȴԥˡ
ҶעѪۣ΢һ󿪿ڵ棬ȻΪԻģģҸħ֮ĸԻģȫţֻҰʡ˵ʱѡ
ⷬɫٱ䣡
Ҷⷬ˼ʵ˵Ѫ۱ԻŵĻҲͬԻһɸߵţͺǰһģһ
ʵϲҶ͸Ѫ۵ģֻҶΪѪ۽ʡʱɴ֣ģѪ۶䱾Դ֮ħ֮ĸ̶ȣѪԻȻ˳Ѫ۽Ÿƿˡ
ھҪѪ۷ģţȫѪԼʵʵ֡
Ȼ˵ûĵݣܹ֪˶Եĸж飬ҲȷʵѪԥһԭ
ģѪĿ¶ɻ֮ɫҶ
ģҶĵ˵ͷȻһָϵ棬ðˣڽһã
׵ô£ͻȻ֮䣬һ鶼ãеҶʧһ˵ҶĴڣԼĿģһС
ʱ˿̣ҶɢϢѾȫˣһܹһϢ֮
˵һ֮нʱǵǰȻٴγһѾ򿪵ţ
һǧɸߣȫţ


2394 ɵ۵ɱ
ȫţ˵ǰκ˶̲סڻɣǲԼ۾⡣
ȻʵҶһΣ֮ΪԴ֮ҶϣԻţΪ򿪣
ϵţֻǧɸߣħһҲ˵ˣҶͬǰ˵ֻԽ޴ңѪۺԻԼš
Ҳ˵Ѫ۵ɣﵽĳ̶ȣϵֻǧɸߣﵽĳ̶ȣȷǸǸԵʵԻġ
˳̲סٴŵʵѪۣϣȻڵʱѾ൱ԶڸֵĵҲǼΪ񣬵ǣ·ĵأȴָѪۣûдκһأĵֻ֣ħ֮Ѫ֮Ѩ֮
·Իı׼ôƾԼʵ¶һܹԻţ˵ˣȻڣȴƾǸԶڸ֮ĸ򣬲ɹԻԻĳ̶ȣ
Ҳ˵Ѿ͸ŵıʡ
ŵıʣ
Ȼκ˶壬Ǵӹŵ񣬿ܹȥ뵽ˣָ
ʿˣǸȥŻʲôʡ
ǿžԼԵﵽһĳ̶֮ȻԻģǴԼеϿɡ
ʿģһߵľһ쾭壬ʹڵ飡
ǣ˳ڵ𣬻ɵۣһЩȴǿǹ⣬ǾΪʲôŵĳ֣
ĽֻΪʿԵﵽһĸ߶ȣԻ
ƺȷˣΪ·ϵǧأõ֤ʿǸǧֵȻѡΪʺԼıԴ֮Ӷߵš
Щھ˿쾭壬˳µ飬ʵϣɽ֮Уֻڵɵɸһ֪һʵ
еԪɣټеɺڣٿٳͬһ·
ɽרɵļ֮У·ȷԪٵģǵǺ뵽Ҫٳ·ʵʩٵḶ́ȴɲ꣬ȫ޷Щ֮׷ݵࡣ
ȻͳΪһգնɵۣԪ˵ⲻ⿪޹ؽҪġ
ֻҪ֪·ǸɵԪĿľΪ˸һɵĻᡣ
֪ЩѾ㹻ˣ㹻Ǳ֤ԼΪԪɣɵԽкԺС
ˣҲҪȥʲôŵıʣ·ıʡ
ڣҶչֳȴΪ˫ת˳ʶˣҶӦ֪ŵıʡ
˳Ŀ⿴ɵۣԼȻܹ뵽ôɵҲӦܹ뵽֮󣬽һ⡣
Ҷ֪ŵıʣôκʿΪˣҵҶɽˣȻɡ
Ԫ˵ɲʲôϢΪԪ֮׵ɵۣǲԸʵ
Ȼʱ˿̣ɵ۵ڲϵתţȻҲʶͬ⣬ܽҶļΪԼ£ôҶĴڣΪԼ
ҪļҶƺǲܵˣôǲǸÿǣҪζԸҶˣ
ţ֮䣬ͨɽĵ·ʵһּջ󣬸˵ѪۣϺˡ
Ȼʱ֮ͻȻһӰӰոճ֣ԭƽޱȵҶ϶ȻֳһŨŨɱ⣡
ΪֵӰǱˣǻ˷
˷ΪıҶԪ֮Ҷ֮һʮ꣬һޱξִҲΪˣҶ֮ǣȻһȭ·ɽĸңֱ˻˷ı֮ϡ
ȻҶûп˷ĳ࣬ȴס˻˷Ϣ
񣬻˷һţҶ̷ԼҪҵλˣȻתĿ˻˷㣡
˷ʱ򣬴ɽҶǰʹ󲿷ֵ˶Ϊ֮⣬˳ȴ֪˷Ӧɵٻģ
ʵҲˣ˷ȻΪɣͱɵ򣬲Ҹղűɵȥѯ˹Ҷ֮󣬾ʼմŸȴɵ۵
ɵѾҶɱģطȴԲԼֻɱҶɽ罫ҶгĻ˷˹֣Ҷжǿ


2395 Ѳج
ϾҶڻˣ˷ǹΪô˷ҶĶ֣ɵۻ̷ɽսϧһдۣҪڴ˵ؽҶնɱҶǻ˷Ķ֣ǵȵ˷Ҷɱ֮󣬼Թԣ˽˷͸Σ
˷γ֪ɵ۵⣬ȻвѾɵҪܱסԼֻɵ۵ıӻֻܹԹɵ۵ĻοҲţҶܹԼĶ֣ϾԼǽɵ۵Ĵڣ֮ͬʵΪǿģ
ԶԼżҶ˷ԾɴɵЦݵҶߵ죬ǺҶİֲʮΣѵ㲻Ӧлл𣿡
˷ⷬúܶ˶ɻ󲻽⣬ôҶϵҶһİ
ҶȻҲЩ飬ֻЦŵǰҵȷӦúúлл㣬ΪҾҲһΣһԶҲѲΣ
£ҶͻȻ̧Ż˷һ㣬˷ȻûнҶĻΪһЦ΢ѵһҶ˲Ϣ֮䣬˫۾ͱոҪ̧֣»ķ
ţ˷˫۾ͱպվһϺܿ¶һֵģ
֮
Ҷֵ̧˲䣬ɵۼͬʱҶָ֮һ֮ƣ׾ٵľû˷뵽ξ֮УʶûС
Ż˷Ųϱãǲô任ʼմž޴󾪿ֵɫȻѾ뵽һج֮С
ҶĻԶج֮УҲ޷ѹ
ɵ۵üͷ˵ʵѹûϵ˷ҶǰȻ˵Ĳһոճ֣˵仰Ĺ򣬾ѾҶ׵ξ֮С
ԭָͨ˷ҶĽ֣ӶҶ˶Ե֮⣬׻ʲôʵ
ϣȻˣ˷ֵΨһãһε֤ҶڸֵͲٿأίʵѾﵽ˳뻯ľأǿû˿ĵֿ֮
Ȼɵ۵ĶҶɵۣλ𣿡
ɵһ㶣̶ҡͷ¶΢Цл˷֮еڴһ֮ʱһԵ̤˾ʮŲӶΪ֮У֮µĵһ֡
ʱɵ۵Ȼϻ˷Լйء
ŶҶ˵ͷֿλҵĵˣҪߣ֪ûʲô
ħĿһɵ۵˷ȻȷɣڰбɵͽɱΪ
򣿡ɵ۹üͷħк֤֤˷ˣ
ħ۾һɣҪҶȴЦŵλˣ˭£ҵķˣҲͦµģҾȥ͵ɣ
Ԫͼٴγֱ֣ӽȻج֮еĻ˷˽ȥ
ӻ˷֣ڱҶߣ̲ᳬƬ̣ⲻ˶𾪲ѡ
һλɵ۵ĸ֣Ȼ׵ľͱҶߣҲ𣬻ɵۣԲԸΪҶɴ˿ɼҶ̫ˣ
ˣҵһ׮ǼҶʲô鶼ûзһֵ棬棬ʦٿƬ̣棬Ϊ˴ţ
Ҫţ
Ⱥ̲֮ס˾֮
Ҷ򿪵ţܷ˳ΪˣȷʵʵţҶԼĵ۳ģ
һܹ۳ţһɣһǧɣѾǾףȻȻҪš
˵ţҶĿУͬྐྵһףƤһѵܹٴ۲һţ
Ҷȥǵľ̾ת˵ʱλߵλǰǵҶյ㻯֮ҶΪţ
䣡
Ҷո£֮侹ȻֳһǣεţֱѾˡ
ʱǰţ
䣡
ţڶٴγ֣
ǰţ
֮ؼٴζţÿȻ߰в죬Ƕǧɣǧɡ
ͬǰţܹʮţ
Ѿ𾪵ȶˣһɵһ㣬͵ĿʮţȫĿհһƬ
⣬ֻǿʼ
ǰȻǳμ棬Ƕڷںͷޣ壬ͬһţҵľ⣡
䣡
ʮһų֣


2396 
ʮţ
ʮţ

ԽԽ֣֮Ѿ޷ˣΪţɹ⣬
ָţָĸ߶ȣСС߸ߵ͵ͣ鲼ͻķϵ֮ϣֱǿա
ݷɽ磡
λ͸ǵţ
Ҷ֮Ծ޷عɵۣµҶѾ֪űʵ˳һΰĻ֮ǰҲ޷ٱݵ˼ά뵽޷С
Ҷ˵Ϊÿһλÿһλͬţÿһλֵܣÿһλѣһţ
ЩУʵ߱Ϊ˵ʸ
˵ǰЩǣҶŻɺӣôڣЩɺӶѾ׵ɢȡ֮ľľη
־ηǶ𣬶ɵ۵ľη
ϾɵۣҲ޷Ҷܹ÷ʿһ죬Ϊˡ
ҶԼʱȴȻߵĪߣٴǣԼӵ֣΢Цʵ磬𣿡

һΣĪĻشΪĸɴ͹ϣҡͷҲɣֻһ𡣡
Ҷ΢΢һЦٶԣֻǽסĪ֣һҲԼĽ
ʵ֮ҶҪΪԼЩǴţȻΪ͸һݴǶܹԲеΣǻһҪԭ򣬾Ҫַʽɽɵۡ
Ҷףɵ£ԼĿģΪ׳ǸһʵӶܹһҲԸġ
ֶթɱɱģܼɵ۵һҪƲѵȥսȥɱˣȷͬʱܾ˫룬ֱӸԼɡ
ҶԲɣԲȥɣҲţֻҪɵۺɵӦöԼ鷳ǣܲΪԼѿǡ
ֻҪһλѻ߳ҪɣĳΪˣôɽݺ͵λ÷ǳУԭΪԼҶˡ
Ϊ˱ԼĺѺͳΪɵ˫ͬȥЩѳǵ鷳ҶҪչֳԼǿʵɵ˼ɡ
ֻԼĺѺͳǣɽ֮У̤̤ʵʵسΪսƷ
ȻˣʿˣҶܲˣҲûôȥܣϾʥˡ
һ֮ڶţʽҶѾ㹻ЧɱԼѺͳǵƽ
ȻΪֹȻûһ̤ҶΪǴ򿪵ţҶҲżΪ֪ȷһشľһܻӰ쵽ľÿ˱ҪؿǺá
ȻʿˣɵۣҲĵĵȴţֻ֮еľˣʲôԥģ󿪵ţɵĻᣬͰǰҪǻԼĻ߽ȥˣ
ʱһĹȥȻǣħŤͷҶĪղ˵ˣ
ǵģʦͽɣҶĵһĪҲ˵ͷ
û뵽ŽһղҵţǲҴ򿪵ģ
ҶȻ˵ǣȴҲƭʦֻܿЦŵͷǣ
ߣȻΪʦ򿪵ģҲ˵ΪʦûʸΪˣ˵С˵ĶԣʵҲûʲôõģˣҲգ
˵֮ħһ˦䣬Ȼת뿪ǰȶţߵҶߣҲȥһԼţ
ʱͻȻɣе˶ǴһҶҲ΢΢һʦʵʵҲҲԳɵġ
û뵽쿪ڣѪ۶ȻҲǹһЦ˵еҲûʸΪˣ˵ȷǲҲգ
һ˦ѪۺȻҲת뿪ǰ󿪵ţߵҶߡ
ţԼĺӣ΢΢һЦȻҶ棬ڻͷ룬ʵһӣ̫֮ĶǻڲӹǻӲʣҲˣúһ֣֮
˵֮ҲתߵҶߡ
ת뿪ڱ˴˶һ֮󣬵ʱһЦϣƭߣǲܣǿɲУǲǣλ
Ȼ
ͬת뿪ţҶߡ
ʦǰ£ڻûоͽܵ񣬺úТ˳˼ң˵һţòײžۣٴηֿĵԲԣλʦʦã
ԯ콾Ĵ֮£Ѫһţͬڣ뿪ԼǰţߵҶ˵ߡ
ˣȫԸֲͬɣ뿪ԼǰţתҶվһ
ۿȥǿ֮УȻһԾȴѾʧȥ˶˵
ҶȾϲ¶˷ĵЦݣ˵λľˣ´ΣҿɲٰǴˣ
˭ϡǴ򿪣
ʲôõģⱲҶˣ
ǣɺҲ𣬻Ҫ£Ŀ
ĻشҶЦȻˣҾЩţȻǣؼң
˵֮ҶȻתܱ鲼ţһָ
һҶָ˲Ϣ֮䣬ͻһˣ˷ϯȥ
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ţ̼߽⣬»Ĺ㣬ǰ̵Ҷӿ˹ȥ
Щ㣬ܿҶ۳һ޴õҶͬһ㣬ֻߵκ˵ĵͬ
һ߽ɫĵԺ󣬸һ̫ͬһĹ⻷ڵ֮УŸָĴ·ˮ齻ڣ

ɵۣԼ˳ͬʱ¶ɫĸһģһ֣


2397 һ
ɵۣ֮Իִŵ׷Ѱһڣ쿪ԭΪ
˼壬Դ۳ҲǱȱԴһĴڡ
ڴʵϸ˵Ǵ˵Ϊɵۣǵ𣬶ȷʵ֪ɽʷĳֹŴʹǣβŬѰһڡ
ֱֻΪֹѾ֪ȥ˶꣬ɻԪ֮УȴҲûгֹĳֹѾʧһ
Ȼ죬Ҷһָ׵ķ򿪵ţ»Ϊ㣬۳һҶʱȻͺ͹ڴȫһġ
ѵ˵ҶѾһʵ;綼Ҫɵ۶Ҫһľ֮ˣ
˵ҶûκεĻӦȻǲ׼⣬ֻҪյԼ򿪵ţָԭȵ״̬Ȼ뿪Լǻؼҡ
ȵȣɵۼͬʱڣɲǼҶǰÿ˵϶ż֮ɫ
Ҷüë΢΢𣬿ˣ΢΢һЦλʲô𣿡
ĸ˶һۣӶԷпǺڵϣһ˵ʵ̫Ҫˡ
ͬЩ·ϿܶŬҪţΪ˵ʿһɵۣҲͬԸֻϧʼžҶչֳһУû뵽һҲǿžϣҶ˵һʲôһ
Ҷѣ۳Ǵħ𼱼ĵ
ҶȴΪƽĵҲ֪ʲôҶ֪ôֵģȻҲ޷ʲôλûµĻˡҲٷˡ
ҶȻǶԼҶĳƺ˵ҲʵΪĲ֪Ǵ֪һ
Ҷ΢һ֣Ҫת뿪ɵȴٴοڵȵȣ
Ҷһ˿ɵۣʲô𣿡
ҶеĲ죬ɵоȻ΢΢һæ˫ֱȭΪҶѣȻ˵㲻ɣܷԻһ£ţǼʶʶ
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ڰ˻ģϣҵţ
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仰֮˳Ҳɵۣתȥۻ죬ۻأǰۣȻУһɸߵš
ңҴǰµһЩ̯ӣȥ㣡
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ɵۣȴȻԭվţȻԾ˼Źڴ⣬֮󣬷˫ֺʲλǷ񻹼ǵãҶѶԵ⣬Ϊڵƽȣô᲻ָҪԴһɣҪеĵȫΪһ壬Ի
֮ǰɵۣΪȻǼȱԴ߽֮׵ĴڣôȻǽԴ˽Ҷڵ֮ȴʶˣƺһֱԼ˶ڴ⣬Ǵģ
ĻûκεĻӦɵڸԶһ֮ȴһԲһӣͬʧ
ת֮䣬·ϵǳ֮ϣڻָƽֻʣЩڶ֮еʿǡ
һȻ޷ɣһε·֮ãǲˣһУΪպľ顣
ͬҶȻնûɽ磬ɽ磬ĴȴѾ֮гԽɵۣΪԪڵηĽĴڡ
Ӵ֮󣬲ɽ磬Ƕ֮УҶҲһƺš·ϵһˣ
ԭƺҶΪһɵģջǾԵһƣΪʷһԸɣΪˣǣȴԽɵĴڣ


2398 ͱ
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ڵ⣬һˣһɫѪĳһͷѩĳϴŵЦݣվ
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ȻѾ뿪·Ȼ·ѾױȴʼΪһ
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Ϊ׵һλ뷢԰׵ϺУɽ֮һķ
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ˣ򿪽Ŷ˵Ǿ֮ͶѣҳҲҪ˵ǰ棬Ȼܴ򿪽ţǽ֮󣬾ʲôڣһ֪̹ҲС·ǷĴڷ磬Ҳһδ֪ԣλ·һҪġ
ҶΪǴ򿪽ţѾʮָмˣ̹С·аڣһܹҵġ
Ҷ﹧λĺϢҲԤףλܹһ˳Ը
лҶѣ֪㻹ҪͰ˵ûЩҪ׼һ£Ͼ·;ңԶб
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ҶĿٴγ³˿еһʯ׷£ҡҡͷӣҵˣ


2399 ɽ
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2400 ǺҴ
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ҶԼûгֵ£һ£Ƶĺɽһ˻֮
ʵɺԪɣöɵۣ޷ܣ
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ðɣǾͺҴɣħɵۣˣֺҴ򣬳Ƚ㣬˵ҳûԪɻɣɱ⣡
ҶµͬʱħԼɵۣһ˵ǰֱʧֻʣ˳һˣվԪɺ֮䡣


2401 ĵ
һǶ𣬻ɵۣûеĿռ䡣
ռ䣬ӦֻһƬޣ֮УȴƯŸָġţ
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Ȼˣʱٴμӿ죡
Ҷһ֣βһԲΣ֮֮ĳ֣½Ϊ˴أΪգ֮ٴηֿϵݱ֮£һ
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ʮʱ䣬Լ֮еξʵĺֵܣҲȫסڻڣȻ͸ɴסС

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